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Tāme Iti

Tāme Wairere Iti (born 1952) is a New Zealand Māori activist, artist, actor and social worker. Of Ngāi Tūhoe descent, Iti rose to prominence as a member of the protest group Ngā Tamatoa in 1970s Auckland, becoming a key figure of the Māori protest movement and the Māori renaissance. Since then, he has become a renowned activist for the rights of Māori and the process of co-governance and decolonisation.

A native speaker of Te Reo Māori, Iti grew up at Ruatoki in Te Urewera, where he was barred from speaking Māori in school due to the government's anti-Māori language policy of the time. In the 1960s and 1970s Iti was involved in protests against the Vietnam War and apartheid in South Africa, and in many Māori protest actions as a member of Ngā Tamatoa. He is also known for his stalwart support of Tūhoe culture and tribal identity. Iti has stood unsuccessfully for the New Zealand Parliament on four occasions. Iti is known for his provocative style of protest and multidisciplinary art, which occasionally has courted controversy, and his distinctive dress. He often wears tailored shirts or coats, as well as top and bowler hats.

In recent years, Iti has become more widely known for his art, which often carries a political message supporting Māori or Tūhoe rights; in 2022 he received a Laureate Award from the Arts Foundation of New Zealand for his works. He also co-produced and starred in the film Muru, inspired by the events of the 2007 police raids and by the Crown's historic treatment of Tūhoe. In 2022 he presented an art exhibition I Will Not Speak Māori as part of the 50th anniversary celebrations of the 1972 Māori language petition. For his extensive activism in support of tino rangatiratanga, indigenous rights and the Māori language, Iti has been described by Wellington City Council as a national treasure.

Early life, family and career
Iti was born in 1952. He descends from the iwi of Ngāi Tūhoe, but also has links with the Waikato iwi of Ngāti Wairere and Ngāti Hauā, and with Te Arawa. Told he was born on a train near Rotorua, Iti was raised by his great-granduncle and aunt, Hukarere and Te Peku Purewa, in the custom known as whāngai (adoption within the same family) on a farm at Ruatoki in the Urewera area. The couple had also raised his father, and Iti calls them his grandparents. He says that at the age of 10 his school headmaster (himself Māori) forbade pupils to speak the Māori language at school. On leaving school, he took up an apprenticeship in painting and decorating after completing a year-long Māori trade training scheme in Christchurch. During his time in Christchurch he was a local wrestling champion and had the opportunity to represent New Zealand at the 1974 Commonwealth Games, but did not take it due to his growing interest in activism.

In the mid-1980s Iti worked in addiction services supporting young Māori in Ruatoki. He worked as a radio DJ in the 1990s. He was a partner in a restaurant on Auckland's Karangahape Road that served traditional Māori food. The alcohol-free restaurant, which incorporated an art gallery, opened in 1999 but closed within a year. Iti was employed by Tūhoe Hauora, a health service, for several years in the 2000s as a social worker dealing with drug and alcohol problems. He has three children; two sons with his first wife, Ann Fletcher, who he was married to for six years in the 1970s, and a son through whāngai adoption. He has been with his long-term partner, Maria Steens, since 1997.

Activism and political work
As the Māori nationalist movement grew in New Zealand in the late 1960s and 1970s, Iti became involved. He protested against the Vietnam War and apartheid in South Africa, and was involved with Ngā Tamatoa, a Māori protest group of the 1970s, from its early days. He first featured in news reports in 1972, when he put up his father's tent on the New Zealand Parliament grounds and called it the "Māori Embassy", as part of a Ngā Tamatoa protest about Māori land alienation. He joined the Communist Party of New Zealand, and went to China in 1973 during the Cultural Revolution. He has taken part in a number of land occupations and was part of the Māori land march to the New Zealand Parliament in 1975.

Iti's activism has often intertwined with his artistic career; Iti sees his activism as a form of art. In the mid-1990s, Iti set up a collaborative gallery called the Tūhoe Embassy, where artwork was sold to fundraise for Tūhoe self-determination. His ability to court controversy has made him a frequent feature in New Zealand news media. He has a full facial moko, and an article for Stuff describes him as having "one of the most recognisable faces in Aotearoa". He is also known for wearing top and bowler hats, and for performing whakapohane (baring his buttocks) at protests. In 2016, he said: "Over time, I had to get smart about how to exercise my political consciousness, and I discovered that art is probably the safest way I'm able to do that."

Iti stood unsuccessfully for Parliament as a candidate of Mana Māori in the 1996, 1999 and 2002 New Zealand general elections, and for the Māori Party in 2014. In 2015 Iti gave a talk for TEDx Auckland about his years of activism. In 2019 he was activist-in-residence for a week at Massey University, as part of which he held a public talk and a workshop, and released a paper on decolonialisation. In 2021 and 2022 he spoke out in support of the COVID-19 vaccine, and criticised participants of the early 2022 Wellington protest.

2005 firearms charge
On 16 January 2005 during a pōwhiri (greeting ceremony) that formed part of a Waitangi Tribunal hearing, Iti fired a shotgun into a flag (reportedly an Australian flag, which he used as a substitute for the New Zealand flag) in close proximity to a large number of people. Iti explained this act as reference to the 1860s East Cape War: "We wanted them to feel the heat and smoke, and Tūhoe outrage and disgust at the way we have been treated for 200 years.". The incident was filmed by television crews but initially ignored by police. The matter was raised in Parliament, with an opposition member of Parliament asking "why Tāme Iti can brandish a firearm and gloat about how he got away with threatening judges on the Waitangi Tribunal, without immediate arrest and prosecution". The police subsequently charged Iti with unlawfully possessing and firing a shotgun in a public place.

The trial occurred in June 2006, and Iti elected to give evidence in Māori (his first language). He said that he was following the Tūhoe custom of making noise with tōtara poles. Tūhoe kaumātua said that the tribe had disciplined Iti and had clarified that guns were not to be fired in anger on the marae, but that they could be fired in honour of ancestors and those who fought in war (in a manner culturally equivalent to the firing of a gun salute on ceremonial occasions in Western culture). Judge Chris McGuire said: "It was designed to intimidate unnecessarily and shock. It was a stunt, it was unlawful." Iti was convicted on both charges and fined for the offences. Iti attempted to sell the flag he shot on the TradeMe auction site to pay the fine and his legal costs, but the sale was withdrawn by TradeMe following complaints. It was later put up for sale again by politics blog Tumeke.

Iti lodged an appeal in which his lawyer, Annette Sykes, argued that Crown law did not stretch to the ceremonial area in front of a marae's wharenui. On 4 April 2007, the Court of Appeal overturned his convictions for unlawfully possessing a firearm. While recognising that events occurred in "a unique setting", the court did not agree with Sykes' submission about Crown law. However Justices Hammond, O'Regan and Wilson found that his prosecutors failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt that Iti's actions caused "requisite harm" under section 51 of the Arms Act. The Court of Appeal described Iti's protest as "a foolhardy enterprise" and warned him not to attempt anything similar again.

2007 police raids
Iti was one of 17 people arrested by police on 15 October 2007 in a series of raids under the Terrorism Suppression Act and the Firearms Act, carried out in Te Urewera and around New Zealand. He was in Whakatāne with his partner at the time of the raids. In September 2011 most of the alleged terrorists originally arrested with Iti had all terrorism and firearms charges dropped. Iti and three others were charged with belonging to a criminal group. The trial was held in February and March 2012, and Iti was found guilty on six firearms charges. On the most substantial charge of belonging to a criminal group, the jury could not reach a verdict, even when invited by the judge to reach a majority verdict of ten to one. The Crown decided not to proceed with a second trial. Justice Rodney Hansen sentenced Iti to a two-and-a-half-year prison term on 24 May 2012.

In October 2012 Iti and the three other defendants lost an appeal to the Court of Appeal against their sentences. Iti's son Wairere Iti said his father was "not overly surprised" by the outcome. Iti's application for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court was dismissed. He was granted parole in February 2013, having served nine months of his sentence, and released from prison on the morning of 27 February 2013. Prison staff described him as a "role model prisoner". Iti said he enjoyed his time inside, working as a mechanic and working on his art and writing.

Performance and installation
Iti performed a lead role in the Tempest dance theatre production by MAU, a New Zealand contemporary dance company, directed by Samoan choreographer Lemi Ponifasio. The Tempest premiered in Vienna in June 2007. Tempest II was performed at the Queen Elizabeth Hall, Southbank Centre, London in June 2008. Because of Iti's arrest as part of the 2007 raids, Ponifasio had to convince the New Zealand High Court to relax his bail conditions and allow him to travel on the 2008 tour. Affidavits in support of MAU from international arts organisations were submitted as evidence to the High Court. Iti was permitted to travel for the tour. Tempest: Without a Body made its New Zealand premiere at the Auckland Festival in March 2009.

Iti is also a painter, sculptor carver, and has said of his involvement in art: "As a late starter, I had no idea that art would be such an intricate part of where I am and it's been quite a journey." He uses mainly acrylic or oil paint, and his paintings often feature large groups of people or silhouettes. He has exhibited at galleries in Auckland, Christchurch and Ōtaki.

In September 2022, Iti received an Arts Foundation of New Zealand Laureate Award for excellence in multidisciplinary art (the Burr/Tatham Trust Award). The same month, he presented an art installation called I Will Not Speak Māori as part of Te Hui Ahurei Reo Māori, a festival commemorating 50 years since the 1972 Māori language petition was presented to Parliament by Ngā Tamatoa and other groups (which led to the establishment of Te Wiki o te Reo Māori). The title comes from Iti's childhood experiences of being forbidden to speak Māori at school. The installation involves various aspects including steel sculptures, a livestreamed pōhiri performance by Iti, projection of Iti writing "I will not speak Māori", with the "not" crossed out, on the walls of Te Papa, a painting installation with the same words on the Wellington waterfront, and a nationwide poster campaign. When the painting installation was first installed, a member of the public cut out the "not" from the phrase; Iti said in response, "I want to meet that person, I want to shake their hand, because that's all part of the art ... that's what art is about, and I love that." The Wellington City Council describes him as "a national treasure and an icon of Māoridom... his work spans half a century, and has seen him become a household name."

On 20 September 2022, Iti corrected his own name using orange paint on an 2008 painting by Dean Proudfoot displayed at the QT Hotel in Wellington. Proudfoot had misspelled Iti's name as Tama. Chris Parkin, owner of the artwork, described Iti's actions as "vandalism". Proudfoot apologised for the error and said Iti's correction had "given the work a new life with a far more powerful meaning".

Film and television
In 2008, Iti featured with his son Toikairakau (Toi) Iti in the New Zealand documentary Children of the Revolution (2008) which screened on Māori Television in April of the same year. Children of the Revolution is about the children of political activists in New Zealand and also featured anti-apartheid leader John Minto and his teenage son; Green Party member of Parliament Sue Bradford and her journalist daughter Katie Azania Bradford; Māori Party member of Parliament Hone Harawira and his wife Hilda Harawira with their daughter Te Whenua Harawira (organiser of the 2004 Seabed and Foreshore Land March) and musician and former political prisoner Tigilau Ness with his son, hip hop artist Che Fu. The documentary was directed by Makerita Urale and produced by Claudette Hauiti and Māori production company Front of the Box Productions. The documentary won Best Māori language Programme at the New Zealand Qantas Television Awards (now called Qantas Film & Television Awards) in 2008.

Iti worked together with the Ngāi Tūhoe community and director Tearepa Kahi to create the feature film Muru (2022), an action-drama film inspired by the Tūhoe raids. Iti co-produced the film and starred as himself. Iti has said the movie features events from the raids as well as by the Crown's overall history with Tūhoe; it is an artistic response to what Iti describes as "200 years of police oppression towards the Māori people", rather than a direct adaptation of the raids.

In September 2023 Iti was announced as one of the 18 cast members of Celebrity Treasure Island 2023. He withdrew during episode 5 of the show due to health difficulties.

title: Tāme Iti


text:
145th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)

The 145th Street station is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Broadway and 145th Street in Hamilton Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, it is served by the 1 trains at all times.

The 145th Street station was constructed for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. Construction of the line segment that includes 145th Street began on May 14 of the same year. The station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway. The station's platforms were lengthened in 1948.

The 145th Street station contains two side platforms and three tracks; the center track is not used in regular service. The station was built with tile and mosaic decorations. The platforms contain exits to 145th Street and Broadway and are not connected to each other within fare control.

Construction and opening
Planning for a subway line in New York City dates to 1864. However, development of what would become the city's first subway line did not start until 1894, when the New York State Legislature passed the Rapid Transit Act. The subway plans were drawn up by a team of engineers led by William Barclay Parsons, the Rapid Transit Commission's chief engineer. It called for a subway line from New York City Hall in lower Manhattan to the Upper West Side, where two branches would lead north into the Bronx. A plan was formally adopted in 1897, and all legal conflicts concerning the route alignment were resolved near the end of 1899.

The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont Jr., signed the initial Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900, under which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line. In 1901, the firm of Heins & LaFarge was hired to design the underground stations. Belmont incorporated the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway.

The 145th Street station was constructed as part of the IRT's West Side Line (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) from 133rd Street to a point 100 feet (30 m) north of 182nd Street. Work on this section was conducted by L. B. McCabe & Brother, who started building the tunnel segment on May 14, 1900. The section of the West Side Line around this station was originally planned as a two-track line, but in early 1901, was changed to a three-track structure to permit train storage in the center track. A third track was added directly north of 96th Street, immediately east of the originally planned two tracks. By late 1903, the subway was nearly complete, but the IRT Powerhouse and the system's electrical substations were still under construction, delaying the system's opening. As late as October 26, 1904, the day before the subway was scheduled to open, the walls and ceilings were incomplete.

The 145th Street station opened on October 27, 1904, as the northern terminal station of the original 28-station New York City Subway line to City Hall. The line was subsequently extended one stop to 157th Street in December 1904, and ultimately was extended to 242nd Street in the Bronx in 1908.

Service changes and station renovations
After the first subway line was completed in 1908, the station was served by West Side local and express trains. Express trains began at South Ferry in Manhattan or Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn, and ended at 242nd Street in the Bronx. Local trains ran from City Hall to 242nd Street during rush hours, continuing south from City Hall to South Ferry at other times. In 1918, the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line opened south of Times Square–42nd Street, and the original line was divided into an H-shaped system. The original subway north of Times Square thus became part of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. Local trains were sent to South Ferry, while express trains used the new Clark Street Tunnel to Brooklyn.

To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening the platforms at stations along the original IRT subway. As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $ million in ) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (equivalent to $ million in ) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent. The northbound platform at the 145th Street station was extended 150 ft to the south, while the southbound platform was not lengthened. The work involved reconstructing the interlocking between the center and northbound tracks. Six-car local trains began operating in October 1910, and ten-car express trains began running on the West Side Line on January 24, 1911. Subsequently, the station could accommodate six-car local trains, but ten-car trains could not open some of their doors.

The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940. Platforms at IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line stations between 103rd Street and 238th Street, including those at 145th Street, were lengthened to 514 ft between 1946 and 1948, allowing full ten-car express trains to stop at these stations. A contract for the platform extensions at 145th Street and eight other stations on the line was awarded to Spencer, White & Prentis Inc. in October 1946, with an estimated cost of $3.891 million. The platform extensions at these stations were opened in stages. On April 6, 1948, the platform extension at 145th Street opened. Simultaneously, the IRT routes were given numbered designations with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock, which contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. The route to 242nd Street became known as the 1. In 1959, all 1 trains became local.

In April 1988, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) unveiled plans to speed up service on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through the implementation of a skip-stop service: the 9 train. When skip-stop service began on August 21, 1989, skip-stop service was implemented during rush hours and middays. 145th Street was the southernmost local stop that was served by the 9 during rush hours and middays and the 1 at other times. On September 4, 1994, midday skip-stop service was discontinued. Skip-stop service ended on May 27, 2005, as a result of a decrease in the number of riders who benefited.

Station layout

This station was part of the original subway, and has two side platforms and three tracks, the center one being an unused express track. The station is served by the 1 at all times and is between 157th Street to the north and 137th Street to the south. The platforms were originally 350 ft long, like at other stations north of 96th Street,  but as a result of the 1948 platform extension, became 520 ft long. The platform extensions are at the southern ends of the uptown platform and the northern end of the downtown platform, making them slightly offset.

Design
As with other stations built as part of the original IRT, the station was constructed using a cut-and-cover method. The tunnel is covered by a U-shaped trough that contains utility pipes and wires. The bottom of this trough contains a foundation of concrete no less than 4 in thick. Each platform consists of 3 in concrete slabs, beneath which are drainage basins. The original platforms contain circular, cast-iron Doric-style columns spaced every 15 ft, while the platform extensions contain I-beam columns. Additional columns between the tracks, spaced every 5 ft, support the jack-arched concrete station roofs. There is a 1 in gap between the trough wall and the platform walls, which are made of 4 in-thick brick covered over by a tiled finish.

The decorative scheme consists of blue tile tablets; blue tile bands; a white terracotta cornice; and light blue terracotta plaques. The mosaic tiles at all original IRT stations were manufactured by the American Encaustic Tile Company, which subcontracted the installations at each station. The decorative work was performed by tile contractor Manhattan Glass Tile Company and terracotta contractor Atlantic Terra Cotta Company. The platforms contain their original trim line of green with gray borders. "145" in white lettering on a dark border are tiled onto the trim. The station's other name tablets show "145TH ST." in a multi-color mosaic. The directional signs read also read "145TH ST." in white lettering on a black border.

Track layout

The northbound local track merges with the center track north of the station and the line continues north as two tracks. The switch from the southbound track to the center track is south of the station.

Just south of the station lies the underground 137th Street Yard, which is visible from passing trains. The track layout allows northbound trains to bypass this station by switching to the center express track in the 137th Street Yard.

Exits
Both platforms have same-level fare control containing a bank of turnstiles, token booth, and staircases to the street. The northbound platform has two staircases (one to each eastern corner of Broadway and 145th Street) and the southbound platform has a single staircase to the northwestern corner. There are no crossovers or crossunders to allow transfers between directions.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Memphis Flyer

The Memphis Flyer is a free weekly alternative newspaper serving the greater Memphis, Tennessee, area. The Flyer covers Memphis news, politics, music, entertainment, sports, food, and spirits.

The Flyer was founded February 14, 1989 by Kenneth Neill. The current editor is Shara Clark. She was preceded in the role by Jesse Davis, who took over for Bruce VanWyngarden, the editor of the flyer from 2001-2021, on May 12, 2021.

The Flyer is a publication of Contemporary Media, Inc. which also publishes Memphis Magazine, Memphis Parent, and Inside Memphis Business. The current CEO of Contemporary Media is Anna Traverse Fogle.

The Memphis Flyer is distributed throughout the Mid-South on Wednesday morning. The Flyer touts that they have 600-plus distribution points. (see External Links) The paper touts that it has more than 222,000 regular readers. Exact circulation numbers are unclear.

Traditionally, free publications have used advertisements in order to pay for their publications. With alt-weeklies, that often meant running ads from risqué sources, sometimes including paid escorts. In a 2003 interview, VanWyngarden stated that the Flyer began refusing ads from anyone who was not a "legally licensed business" by the mid 1990s.

In October 2019, Kroger stores stopped allowing free newspapers and magazines to be distributed via their stores. Nationwide, they removed the racks and informed the publications of the change. The Flyer reported at the time that they moved 9,000 papers weekly through Kroger stores alone.

During COVID-19, the Flyer changed to bi-weekly circulation. "We will print the April 2nd issue of the Flyer. Our next print issue after April 2nd will be April 16th, and we will proceed on a biweekly schedule thereafter. We plan to reevaluate our status and the community’s status in June, and to consider ramping back up to a weekly schedule at that time." While cutting back on its circulation, the paper worked to help keep local artists afloat by creating a coloring book campaign. The proceeds were split equally between the contributing artists and the Flyer. The initiative was popular enough to be continued in 2021, but it does not appear to have carried forward.

The Flyer's website, Memphisflyer.com, features daily posts of local news, politics, music, food, and entertainment. Content from the Flyer's weekly print edition is posted on Thursday morning. Back issues for the prior year can be viewed via issuu (see External Links).

title: Memphis Flyer


text:
Talk:R4-P17

R4-P17 is considered to have female programming. --Viriditas | Talk 05:14, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Did it not get destroyed in clone wars as well?-- Rebelstrike 16:31, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:R4-P17


text:
Talk:Apache Struts 1

Ambiguity in opening
The opening paragraph has this phrase: "...cit is given to a JavaServer Pages (JSP) document which intermingles HTML and Java code to achieve the same result."

The content of this phrase suggests that the JSP document simply formats the output, and doesn't process the content of the request. But the structure of the sentence suggests that it does process the request. Could somebody please rewrite this sentence to clarify this?

Here are two suggestions for how to rewrite the sentence

1) When browser open any page and send request, this request come through JSP page(here VIEW) to Controller here Servlets, and controler send this to Model, here Java Bean or EJB...then model check this from Resourse DATABASE..thn return reversly browser can get response.

2) The information is then either handed over to a Java Servlet which processes it. No need to interacts the date base switching the control to jsp . jSP intreract  with model to get the details . --User:gopal 20:57, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

Hi. That suggestion is wrong. Browser opens page by sending HTTP request to Servlet. Servlet analyse request and dispatch processing to appropriate action. Action do it's job and at return specifies which view to use. Then dispatcher forward HTTP request to specified view (JSP, Velocity template etc.) which build the page (or any other document) and send back to browser. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.194.64.253 (talk) 17:31, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

Advantages
Can ne One tell me wats the importance of using STRUTS..

Mohsin Quazi (VJTI, INDIA) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 221.134.54.232 (talk) 08:36, 12 May 2007 (UTC).

As it says in the article, Struts separates the data model from the view and the controller. By keeping these pieces separate, the code becomes much easier to maintain. See the article on Design Patterns for info on the MVC pattern. —Preceding unsigned comment added by MiguelMunoz (talk • contribs) 21:00, 18 September 2007 (UTC) HIII —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.75.197.38 (talk) 10:33, 31 October 2009 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Struts.gif
Image:Struts.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 05:12, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

How struts work? As the initial step,you have to create an Action class,form bean class for the corresponding jsp page. After that, you have to put appropriate mapping values in the struts-config.xml  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.200.157.178 (talk) 16:23, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Could use a History section
Such as when 1.0 came out, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and the major new features in those versions. Jon (talk) 17:55, 18 December 2008 (UTC) Good Work

Struts 1.1 looks like it came out July 2003 (see https://groups.google.com/group/fm.announce/browse_thread/thread/cf31d96a765201f4/6f01db9ebb91659e?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&q=struts+%221.1%22+announce+-%222.2.1.1%22&pli=1#6f01db9ebb91659e); release notes are here: http://struts.apache.org/1.x/userGuide/release-notes-1_1.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.164.185.9 (talk) 23:35, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

Comment on Design Patterns
A comment on design patterns was placed in the article itself but was signed as if it was meant for the talk page. I've placed it here below for reference. Can someone who knows about Struts and its use with non-MVC design patterns turn this in to a coherent piece of information and put it back on the main article page? Armchairlinguist (talk) 16:42, 27 August 2012 (UTC)

Struts used to use different types of design pattern, while development of Struts based web applications, like Model-View-Control Design pattern, Template Method Design Pattern, Command Design Pattern and Abstract Design Pattern, Front Controller Design Pattern, Composite View Design Patterns. --Bhanu.pratap1418 (talk) 17:05, 5 August 2012 (UTC)

The reference was to: http://struts.tekhnologia.com/2012/08/struts-framework-uses-design-patterns.html Design Patterns Used in Struts Framework

Struts 1 and Struts 2 are different incompatible projects and should have their own articles
Unless someone disagrees I will separate both in different articles. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jmartinlll (talk • contribs) 16:03, 21 January 2014 (UTC)

 * I disagree! It is true the frameworks are incompatible but Struts 2 is logically the continuation of the project. There are many other similar cases. Some from the Python world for example are the Pyramid framework from the Pylons project or Zope 2 and BlueBream frameworks from the Zope community/project. They might be different frameworks but they are logically part of the same project. One article about the Apache Struts project can mention all the software frameworks created by it over time. I do not think Struts 2 warrants its own article. 50.53.15.59 (talk) 16:10, 16 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Having two different frameworks mixed on one article just adds confusion. You mixed Bibliography and External Links and they are specific for each of the frameworks. I am going to revert them back, if no one disagrees. --Jmartinlll (talk) 12:59, 4 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Merge  We should have the lead and current article under Apache Struts (unqualified). If they have to be split, then the subsidiary article should be the one under the qualified name.  As it is, the Struts article opens with "was" as if it is a dead project and there's little indication that Struts 2 is still live. The Struts 2 article itself (should anyone manage to find it) has very little in it.
 * An overall "Struts" article could explain Struts far more readily in one place. It would avoid trivial re-statements about MVC. There is no real difference between what Struts 1 and Struts 2 do. The differences between how Struts 1 & 2 achieve this can be explained far better with the context of both visible for comparison (Can anyone really do this otherwise?).
 * We don't have a Java article that begins "Java 6 was an obsolete programming language (see Java 7 for details) " Viam Ferream (talk) 11:56, 3 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Don't merge - Java 7 is a backwards compatible upgrade to Java 6, while Struts 2 is a different project that was renamed and it is not compatible to Struts. We should not confuse people merging two different and incompatible frameworks in one page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.103.76.39 (talk) 17:05, 30 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Merge To me, it seems confusing to have separate articles for Struts 1 and 2. I came here to read about Stuts and expected an article about its current version. Instead, the article is written in past tense like if Stuts as a whole is uncontinued. Only if you read to the end of the leading paragraph, you'll see that there is Stuts 2 as well - and if you're lucky, you'll notice that there is a separate article about it. Also, take a look at how much translations each article has. Guess what: the matter is treated differently depending on the language. So there is no direct translation in German for example, as the German Wiki has only one article - this makes navigation complicated. Also, there seems to be only one article for Cocoon and Maven. I am not entirely sure, if the different versions of Cocoon are incompatible, yet I doubt that Avalon used in earlier versions is still state of the art (in fact, I guess that there are incompatibilities because of Avalon). Maven is a build tool, sure, but I don't see how this makes a difference in this context. In any case, there are incompatibilities between Maven 1 and later versions.
 * So, if you ask me, write a paragraph about Struts 1 mentioning that it is discontinued, incompatible with Struts 2 and how Struts 2 evolved. Let the rest of the article focus on Struts 2. Struts 1 is that old that only few will care for it or at least, few will care about details.SüsüASárkány (talk) 15:09, 29 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Merge for better readability, Struts 1 can be the subject of a dedicated Section (Apache_Struts#History). genium    ⟨✉⟩   13:43, 23 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Oppose  Rename Struts to Struts 1, rename Struts 2 to just Struts and expand it.  Struts 1 is dead meat. It would be WP:UNDUE to load the main Struts article down with that baggage. "Apache Struts" should go straight to the current content though. Andy Dingley (talk) 14:49, 23 October 2015 (UTC)

 * I think the same as Andy Dingley. Apache Struts should go to the current version, not to the old discontinued version. I was looking for information on Struts, and the current naming stumped me several times. --Enric Naval (talk) 20:06, 25 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Merge as Genium suggests they can both have their own sections and even there own infoboxes tracking their versions, etc. but there is no real need for a separate article for each. The Apache Struts project is certainly notable enough but I do not think each of Struts 1 and Struts 2 is notable enough to warrant separate articles. Especially since Struts 1 is basically dead. It makes more sense that Struts 1 is a part of the Struts project history (and on that note it might make sense to merge WebWork into Apache Struts too). 50.126.125.240 (talk) 16:46, 4 December 2015 (UTC)

 * Oppose Please, do not merge different frameworks in the same article. I agree with Andy Dingley (talk) and Enric Naval (talk). We should rename Apache Struts to Apache Struts 1 and have a Apache Struts page that links to both frameworks explaining the history. If no one opposes my suggestion, I will implement it in the following days. Isiahscionone (talk) 21:32, 5 May 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 5 May 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: move. (non-admin closure) SST flyer 07:15, 22 May 2016 (UTC)

Apache Struts → Apache Struts 1 – Make clear that this page is about Apache Struts 1. Apache Struts will be used for the common brand used in both frameworks. Isiahscionone (talk) 21:38, 5 May 2016 (UTC) --Relisted. George Ho (talk) 02:42, 13 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Support per comments in previous section: rename Apache Struts to Apache Struts 1, and Apache Struts 2 to Apache Struts. Oppose merge. They are different frameworks with the same name, and the older one is deadware and no longer the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  07:26, 13 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Support move of this, but not move of Apache Struts 2. Or merge, I don't mind which. No need to make the second version primary topic though, that would violate WP:RECENT. AS1 was a big enough thing in its day, and has long term significance. — Amakuru (talk) 20:30, 21 May 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Apache Struts 1


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chinese propaganda

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep

Chinese propaganda
Attempt to create a forum. I see nothing wrong with the topic, but there's no useful content. MikeJ9919 05:15, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete (useful topic, but no useful content) and bill those responsible for the cost of the bullet. — Phil Welch 05:36, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep the newly-fixed article. — Phil Welch 04:42, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not a soapbox and of course Wikipedia is not a general knowledge base. An article with this title could be appropriate but this isn't it.  Tobycat 06:32, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Let's wait a few days before deleting. It's an appropriate topic that is waiting to be expanded.  A poor expansion will change my vote to a delete. Wherewaldo 08:13, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but expand. I think it's worthy of attention. Linuxbeak | Desk 12:18, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As it is now it's rubbish. Eixo 15:21, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Valid topic. Page needs attention, not deletion. Provided external links have info for a good stub. Not to say that some googling gives enorous amounts of relevant studies. mikka (t) 16:45, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete is not expanded. Karol 16:58, May 28, 2005 (UTC)

OK. I started expansion, just to show the road to go, rather than the suspected intention of the initial author to start bickering on modern political topics. Also, the article title must me changed, to reflect the fact that we are speaking about PRC here. How about Propaganda in People's Republic of China? mikka (t) 17:58, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. It's getting there, and it's certainly an ecyclopaedic topic.  Frjwoolley 19:51, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but it needs cleanup, expansion, and a new title--Sophitus 19:54, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Mikkalai's rewrite, but rename it. RickK 22:42, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, cleanup and expand. Encyclopaedic topic. Megan1967 04:09, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and rename to propaganda in China. Radiant_* 10:43, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Which of the today Chinas? mikka (t) 16:58, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Kaibabsquirrel 20:53, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Mikkalai's rewrite. JamesBurns 11:25, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Spoiling the well through the choice of the title. Would the keep voters vote to keep a page entitled "U.S. propaganda?" WebLuis 13:12, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or rename/rewrite The article has not convinced me that the word "propaganda" is NPOV. Shoaler 12:28, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The word "propaganda" is a purely technical term in communist countries. It is a fact, not a POV. If you are not convinced in facts spelt for you, then you have problems, not article. mikka (t) 17:32, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I think it's definitely going to need a lot more work, but I also think the subject itself is easily notable enough to merit an article precisely because propaganda is such a major part of daily life in China. If it eventually ends up being merged with something else or renamed ("Propaganda in the People's Republic of China", as suggested by Mikkalai above, would be an improvement), I don't have a problem with that. Point is, I certainly wouldn't delete it now. -- Captain Disdain 23:37, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Mcsven

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Please don't start articles with no article content; these are likely to be deleted. Please include at absolute minimum at least one complete sentence describing the subject of the article. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 05:15, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Rationality
Hi McSven, There seems to be some back and forth on specifying the domain of rationality discussed in the opening sentence of the Rationality page. In other disciplines, such as economics, rationality can mean "optimal decisions given complete information." This is not "the exercise of reason" as is denoted by rationality within philosophy. The article moves into the additional meanings eventually, but it would be a mistake not to qualify that opening sentence. Perhaps a better opening sentence can be crafted, but removing the qualifier, "In philosophy" does not accomplish this, in my opinion. I'm open to discussing this more, and am writing to try and avoid a mini editing skirmish (which appears to have been ongoing for the past several months). Cheers, jj1236

title: User talk:Mcsven


text:
137th Street–City College station

The 137th Street–City College station is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 137th Street and Broadway in Hamilton Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, it is served by the 1 train at all times. The station serves the nearby City College of New York and Riverbank State Park.

The 137th Street station was constructed for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. Construction of the line segment that includes 137th Street began on May 14 of the same year. The station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway. The station's platforms were lengthened in 1948, and the station was renovated in the late 20th century.

The 137th Street station contains two side platforms and three tracks; the center track is not used in regular service. The station was built with tile and mosaic decorations. The platforms contain exits to Broadway's intersection with 137th Street and are not connected to each other within fare control.

Construction and opening
Planning for a subway line in New York City dates to 1864. However, development of what would become the city's first subway line did not start until 1894, when the New York State Legislature passed the Rapid Transit Act. The subway plans were drawn up by a team of engineers led by William Barclay Parsons, the Rapid Transit Commission's chief engineer. It called for a subway line from New York City Hall in lower Manhattan to the Upper West Side, where two branches would lead north into the Bronx. A plan was formally adopted in 1897, and all legal conflicts concerning the route alignment were resolved near the end of 1899.

The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont Jr., signed the initial Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900, under which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line. In 1901, the firm of Heins & LaFarge was hired to design the underground stations. Belmont incorporated the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway.

The 137th Street station was constructed as part of the IRT's West Side Line (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) from 133rd Street to a point 100 feet (30 m) north of 182nd Street. Work on this section was conducted by L. B. McCabe & Brother, who started building the tunnel segment on May 14, 1900. The section of the West Side Line around this station was originally planned as a two-track line, but in early 1901, was changed to a three-track structure to permit train storage in the center track. A third track was added directly north of 96th Street, immediately east of the originally planned two tracks. By late 1903, the subway was nearly complete, but the IRT Powerhouse and the system's electrical substations were still under construction, delaying the system's opening. As late as October 26, 1904, the day before the subway was scheduled to open, the walls and ceilings were incomplete.

The 137th Street station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway from City Hall to 145th Street on the West Side Branch. The opening of the first subway line helped contribute to the development of Morningside Heights and Harlem.

Service changes and station renovations
After the first subway line was completed in 1908, the station was served by West Side local and express trains. Express trains began at South Ferry in Manhattan or Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn, and ended at 242nd Street in the Bronx. Local trains ran from City Hall to 242nd Street during rush hours, continuing south from City Hall to South Ferry at other times. In 1918, the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line opened south of Times Square–42nd Street, and the original line was divided into an H-shaped system. The original subway north of Times Square thus became part of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. Local trains were sent to South Ferry, while express trains used the new Clark Street Tunnel to Brooklyn.

To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening the platforms at stations along the original IRT subway. As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $ million in ) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (equivalent to $ million in ) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent. The northbound platform at the 137th Street station was extended 150 ft to the south, while the southbound platform was not lengthened. Six-car local trains began operating in October 1910, and ten-car express trains began running on the West Side Line on January 24, 1911. Subsequently, the station could accommodate six-car local trains, but ten-car trains could not open some of their doors.

The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940. Platforms at IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line stations between 103rd Street and 238th Street, including those at 137th Street, were lengthened to 514 ft between 1946 and 1948, allowing full ten-car express trains to stop at these stations. A contract for the platform extensions at 137th Street and eight other stations on the line was awarded to Spencer, White & Prentis Inc. in October 1946, with an estimated cost of $3.891 million. The platform extensions at these stations were opened in stages. On April 6, 1948, the platform extension at 137th Street opened. Simultaneously, the IRT routes were given numbered designations with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock, which contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. The route to 242nd Street became known as the 1. In 1959, all 1 trains became local.

In 1981, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority listed the station among the 69 most deteriorated stations in the subway system. A renovation of the 137th Street station was funded as part of the MTA's 1980–1984 capital plan. The MTA received a $106 million grant from the Urban Mass Transit Administration in October 1983; most of the grant would fund the renovation of eleven stations, including 137th Street. Before Barack Obama became president of the United States, one of his first community organizing efforts after graduating from Columbia University was in conjunction with drawing attention to the poor condition of the station. In 1984 or 1985, Obama, who was working for the New York Public Interest Research Group, was among the leaders of May Day efforts to bring attention to the subway system, particularly the station serving City College. Obama traveled to stations to get people to sign letters addressed to local officials and the MTA. Obama was photographed holding a sign saying "May-Day! May-Day!! Sinking Subway System!"

In April 1988, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) unveiled plans to speed up service on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through the implementation of a skip-stop service: the 9 train. When skip-stop service started in 1989, it was only implemented north of 137th Street–City College on weekdays, and it was the northernmost local stop served by both the 1 and the 9. Skip-stop service ended on May 27, 2005, as a result of a decrease in the number of riders who benefited.

On January 2, 2007, film student Cameron Hollopeter suffered a seizure in the station and fell off the platform onto the tracks. Wesley Autrey saved his life as a train was approaching. Autrey was given numerous awards and prizes, and his two daughters were given a scholarship.

In 2019, as part of an initiative to increase the accessibility of the New York City Subway system, the MTA announced that it would install elevators at the 137th Street–City College station as part of the MTA's 2020–2024 Capital Program. In December 2022, the MTA announced that it would award a $146 million contract for the installation of eight elevators across four stations, including 137th Street. Construction efforts on the elevator project at 137th Street began in early 2024 and are expected to be completed by March 2025.

Station layout
This station was part of the original subway, and has two side platforms and three tracks, the center one being an unused express track. The station is served by the 1 at all times and is between 145th Street to the north and 125th Street to the south. The platforms were originally 350 ft long, like at other stations north of 96th Street,  but as a result of the 1948 platform extension, became 520 ft long. The platform extensions are at the southern ends of the original platforms.

Design
As with other stations built as part of the original IRT, the station was constructed using a cut-and-cover method. The tunnel is covered by a U-shaped trough that contains utility pipes and wires. The bottom of this trough contains a foundation of concrete no less than 4 in thick. Each platform consists of 3 in concrete slabs, beneath which are drainage basins. The original platforms contained circular, cast-iron Doric-style columns spaced every 15 ft, while the platform extensions contained I-beam columns. Additional columns between the tracks, spaced every 5 ft, support the jack-arched concrete station roofs. There is a 1 in gap between the trough wall and the platform walls, which are made of 4 in-thick brick covered over by a tiled finish. The columns have been overlaid with heavy brick blocks.

The decorative scheme consists of silver and blue tile tablets (which may not have been original to the station design); white tile bands; a buff terracotta cornice; and green terracotta plaques. The mosaic tiles at all original IRT stations were manufactured by the American Encaustic Tile Company, which subcontracted the installations at each station. The decorative work was performed by tile contractor Manhattan Glass Tile Company and terracotta contractor Atlantic Terra Cotta Company. The mosaics are in pink and black. The ceramic cartouche is also in pink and shows a three-faced figure. The three faces represent "Respice", "Adspice", and "Prospice", and are an emblem of the nearby City College.

Track layout
In the past, 137th Street was sometimes used as a terminal station. There are switches north of the station that allow northbound trains to enter the underground 137th Street Yard, then return to the other side of the station for the next trip south. The center express track that passes through the station is currently unused in revenue service.

Just south of the station, the tracks emerge onto the Manhattan Valley Viaduct. The line is elevated at 125th Street, and then underground once again at 116th Street–Columbia University, allowing trains to maintain a relatively level grade while passing through highly uneven terrain.

Exits
Both platforms have same-level fare control containing a bank of turnstiles and staircases to the street. The northbound platform has two staircases on the east side of Broadway at 137th Street, and the southbound platform has a token booth and two staircases, one to each western corner of Broadway and 137th Street. There are no crossovers or crossunders to allow transfers between directions.

title: 137th Street–City College station


text:
Liz Cho

Liz Cho is a news anchor at WABC-TV in New York City. She has co-anchored the weekday 4 and 6 p.m. editions of Eyewitness News.

Early life and education
Cho grew up in Concord, Massachusetts, and has a younger brother, Andrew. She was born to Sang In Cho (d. March 13, 2009), a Korean American surgeon, and a Jewish-American nurse, Donna Cho (née Weltman). Her father, born and raised in South Korea, immigrated to the United States to practice medicine and was a liver and kidney transplant surgeon who headed the team that did the first liver transplant in Boston. He died from colon cancer on March 13, 2009. Liz Cho attended Boston University, majoring in journalism and history.

Career
Her first professional work in journalism was as an assignment editor at New England Cable News in Newton, Massachusetts. Cho was next a reporter at WPLG in Miami, Florida before moving to ABC News as a Chicago-based correspondent for ABC NewsOne, the network's affiliate news service. She later co-anchored ABC's overnight news program, World News Now, with Derek McGinty. During this time, she also served as a correspondent and fill-in anchor for Good Morning America.

Cho started at WABC-TV on July 7, 2003, replacing Diana Williams at 6 p.m. and 11 p.m. In 2011, Cho began anchoring the station's new "First at 4:00" newscast, with David Novarro, filling the hour left vacant by the departure of The Oprah Winfrey Show. In addition, as of 2012, she continues to anchor the 6 p.m. broadcasts with Bill Ritter.

Personal life
She and husband Evan Gottlieb had daughter Louisa Simone Gottlieb on May 17, 2007, in New York City.

Cho filed for divorce from Gottlieb in 2012. In August 2014, Cho became engaged to journalist Josh Elliott. On July 11, 2015, she married Elliott in Montecito, California.

title: Liz Cho


text:
Northern Areas Council

Northern Areas Council is a local government area in the Yorke and Mid North region of South Australia. The council seat and main council offices are at Jamestown, while the council also maintains district offices at Gladstone and Spalding.

History
Most of the region was first settled in the early 1840s, only a few years after the settlement of Adelaide. Several explorers had passed through the area on their way to more remote places, including Edward John Eyre and John Horrocks.

The Northern Areas Council came into effect on 3 May 1997, when the District Council of Rocky River, the District Council of Spalding and the District Council of Jamestown merged. Rocky River and Jamestown had themselves previously been subject to a number of amalgamations, and had a large number of predecessor municipalities; in contrast, the Spalding council had a much different history, as prior to the merger, it had been an independent municipality predating the landmark District Councils Act 1887.

Localities
The district encompasses a number of towns and localities, including Andrews, Beetaloo Valley, Belalie East, Belalie North, Broughton River Valley, Bundaleer Gardens, Bundaleer North, Caltowie, Caltowie North, Caltowie West, Euromina, Georgetown, Gladstone, Gulnare, Hacklins Corner, Hornsdale, Jamestown, Laura, Mannanarie, Mayfield, Narridy, Spalding, Washpool, West Bundaleer and Yacka, and part of Appila, Canowie Belt, Huddleston, Stone Hut, Tarcowie and Yatina.

title: Northern Areas Council


text: User talk:69.78.52.206

title: User talk:69.78.52.206


text:
Redway School (Humboldt County)

Redway School is located in Southern Humboldt County, California. Redway School is a K-6 school serving 325 students in a 773 sqmi area.

title: Redway School (Humboldt County)


text: User talk:70.51.133.187

title: User talk:70.51.133.187


text:
Talk:Fox squirrel

Old talk
Are the black squirrels in Princeton NJ fox squirrels? --kop 05:23, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * No. They are Eastern Grey (or Gray) Squirrels, many of which are black in northerly areas throughout most of the year.  DGERobertson (talk) 02:56, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

Aren't they also called Foxtail Squirrel? Im a squirrel —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.242.22.242 (talk) 15:09, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

no fox squirrels
There are no fox squirrels on this page! They are all gray and red squirrels. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.97.159.143 (talk) 20:17, 29 March 2010 (UTC)
 * They all look like fox squirrels to me; note the yellow bellies, among other features. Ucucha 20:19, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

Hi Ucucha, The animals on this page are clearly not fox squirrels. Other than being a squirrel, they don't even resemble fox squirrels. If your picture was the one I replaced - I'm sorry. My picture is poor quality, but at least it IS a fox squirrel. If you ever get a picture of a fox squirrel feel free to put it up replacing mine. Until then, I think it is important to keep the information on this page correct. Matt edmonds (talk) 15:49, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

 * You seem to be confusing two southeastern morphs with the entire species, so I've restored the images. —innotata 17:27, 30 March 2010 (UTC)
 * (edit conflict) No, it was not a picture of mine. But I think all pictures that were on the page (with the possible exception of the two Delmarva fox squirrels) are definitely fox squirrels. Fox squirrels have yellow underparts; eastern gray and red squirrels have white underparts. However, there is geographical variation in color in fox squirrels, and if I recall correctly Florida fox squirrels are very dark; perhaps that is what causes you to think that the others are not fox squirrels. What do you think they are? Ucucha 17:29, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

I must agree that is not a fox squirrel; the fox squirrel is an endangered species native to longleaf pine forests (an endangered ecosystem) the fox squirrels diet is primarily composed of the highly nutritious pine seedlings, which accounts for its size. It is truly worthy of better representation here. You would not use a picture of a pileated woodpecker for an ivory-bill -- its the same thing -- exactly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.46.234.83 (talk) 18:54, 25 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I believe you're confusing the fox squirrel species with one of its subspecies, the endangered Delmarva fox squirrel. Fox squirrels are not endangered, and are found in varied habitats. I don't think any fox squirrels primarily eat seedlings, or that this has anything to do with their size. —innotata 01:48, 26 April 2013 (UTC)

Fox squirrels are nocturnal (at least partly)
Sorry, but they used to come into my attic and wake me up at night, rhythmically flicking their tails against the uprights. They can see enough with the ambient light of the night sky and also know their trails by heart. There is a hole which I left them, after closing numerous other ones. As locals explained to me (Native Americans who know their wild critters), squirrels will ``go crazy" if their entry ways are blocked. So I took down my back porch pergola which they climbed, and more recently, had all of the trees cut back within reach of the roof.  They still jumped on the roof with a heavy thud a couple of times, but I made a lot of noise and chased them off.  They have given up, at least temporarily, apparently the landing was too hard on them.  -- And yes they are territorial.  The sciuridae have been found to be not very close to muridae and in fact probably closer to primates, which explains why we are so smart, almost as clever as squirrels. ?'^) hgwb (talk) 19:54, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Hybridization
Do Fox and Gray squirrelsever mate and hybridize?96.35.80.195 (talk) 19:54, 18 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Well this is just conjecture from personal experience I've observed around here in SE Michigan over the past 30 years. We used to ONLY have Fox Squirrels here.  There were grey/black squirrels up north (read: Northern lower peninsula, all of UP), along with those tiny pine/red squirrels.  About 15 years ago the grey and red squirrels started showing up down here.  Well in the past year or two, I've noticed what appears to be a hybrid of a Fox and a Silver squirrel.  It looks markedly different from the other species of squirrel that are around here, but it shares the traits of both the Fox and the Silver squirrels.  I'm not a publishing zoologist though, so my personal observations don't count as references. 68.42.64.35 (talk) 15:21, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

White face fox squirrel
I have observed a large squirrel recently that has a very prominent white face. Looks similar to a fox squirrel and is more that twice as big a common grey squirrel.

Also have seen photos of a similar squirrel except has white on nose and ears.

Comments please.

JC — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.90.74.245 (talk) 02:57, 13 August 2013 (UTC)

Changed behavior description
Someone read one of the references wrong, I am doing a lab experiment over Fox squirrels and I happened to notice it. Hopefully I edited it properly, the original source said that they "are not gregarious, although they come together during the breeding season when females are in estrus..." and someone misinterpreted it I suppose. — Preceding unsigned comment added by OzymandiasXCV (talk • contribs) 04:44, 7 December 2013 (UTC)

Hunting of Fox Squirrels
The article says, citing a single source, that Fox Squirrels are hunted more for trophies than for food (Footnote 6: Van Gelden, Richard George. 1982. Mammals of the National Parks. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press).

I dispute this and believe that with any effort of verification that assertion would be shown as erroneous. Typically Fox Squirrels are hunted for 2 or 3 reasons 1) To introduce a young person to hunting and how to clean and prepare wild game; 2) Simply to obtain a food that is traditionally consumed in many parts of North America; and 3) Because they are rather prolific and occasionally can become a pest in agricultural and residential areas.

While you will occasionally see a mounted squirrel displayed as a trophy, this is not nearly as common as shooting them for food. On some occasions animals such squirrels or raccoons are mounted as a novelty, such as in the pose of boxer and wearing boxing gloves. This is similar to the taxidermy of rabbits with deer antlers placed on them to create a Jackalope. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.0.34.36 (talk) 23:11, 30 March 2014 (UTC)

Delmarva fox squirrels no longer endangered
The article for Delmarva fox squirrels states that as of 2015 they are no longer endangered. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delmarva_fox_squirrel

The Mortality section in this article stating "Because of overhunting and the destruction of mature forests, many subspecies of fox squirrel (the Delmarva fox squirrel for example) are endangered." Should be updated to reflect the fact that the Delmarva fox squirrel is no longer endangered.

White faced fox squirrel
I spotted a fox squirrel that was mostly black and gray. It had a white tipped nose and white tipped ears. It’s belly was black but the rest of its body had some gray mixed in with black. It had a long puffy tail and looked extremely healthy, with shiny fur and wide eyes. It came very close to me so I had the opportunity to film it as it foraged and ate. I also got a video of it climbing a deciduous tree. A beautiful experience in Jay Starkey Park, Florida. 65.33.81.179 (talk) 14:31, 24 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fox squirrel


text:
Lorenzo Bianchi

Lorenzo Bianchi (1 April 1899 – 13 February 1983) was born in Italy, at Corteno, near Brescia. Mons. Lorenzo Bianchi was ordained Priest of Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions (PIME) on 23 September 1922 and arrived in Hong Kong on 13 September 1923.

In 1924, Bianchi worked in Sai Kung, New Territories; from 1925 to 1929 in Swa Bue, Hoi Fung District; from 1930 to 1941 (and for a 2nd time from 1948 to 1949) he was the director of Hoi Fung District. He was appointed as coadjutor bishop of Hong Kong on 21 April 1949 and was consecrated titular bishop of Choma on 9 October 1949 and returned to Hoi Fung. He succeeded his predecessor on 3 September 1951 and, after he was released from China, installed on 26 October 1952. He resigned on 30 November 1968 and was appointed the titular bishop of Sorres until 10 October 1976. He returned to Italy 19 April 1969 and there died on 13 February 1983.

The Caritas Bianchi College of Careers (CBCC) in Hong Kong is named after Bianchi.

title: Lorenzo Bianchi


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Waddy Wachtel

Robert "Waddy" Wachtel (born May 24, 1947) is an American musician, composer and record producer, most notable for his guitar work. Wachtel has worked as session musician for other artists such as Linda Ronstadt, Beth Hart, Stevie Nicks, Kim Carnes, Randy Newman, Keith Richards, The Rolling Stones (lead guitar on "Saint of Me"), Jon Bon Jovi, James Taylor, Iggy Pop, Warren Zevon, Bryan Ferry, Michael Sweet, Jackson Browne, Karla Bonoff, and Andrew Gold, both in the studio and live.

Early years
Wachtel was born May 24, 1947, in Jackson Heights to a Jewish family in the New York City borough of Queens. At about age 9–10, Wachtel began to learn to play the guitar, taking lessons with teacher Gene Dell (who insisted that he learn to play right-handed despite being naturally left-handed) until about age 14. At that age, he says, he began writing songs.

Wachtel also studied with Rudolph Schramm, who was the head of the NBC staff orchestra and went on to teach music at Carnegie Hall. Schramm tried to get Wachtel to take piano lessons, but Wachtel was intent on playing guitar so Schramm agreed to give him guitar lessons three times a week on rhythm, melody and harmony.

After performing with local bands in the New York area, Wachtel formed his own band, The Orphans, who played in Connecticut and New Hampshire. Eventually the band settled into a regular bar band routine, playing in Newport, Rhode Island, where Wachtel took lessons from Sal Salvador. When the Orphans disbanded, he formed another band, Twice Nicely. At the suggestion of Bud Cowsill (of The Cowsills), he brought Twice Nicely to Los Angeles in 1968 where they recorded a few demos, but after two years, Wachtel decided to work as a session player.

Films
In 1972, he made an appearance in the film The Poseidon Adventure as the acoustic guitar player in a fictitious band on stage in the dining room when the ship capsizes. He also played in the Oscar-winning short film, "Session Man" in 1991. Wachtel has composed and played instruments for film scores including Joe Dirt, Up in Smoke, Nice Guys Sleep Alone, The Longest Yard, The Benchwarmers, Grandma's Boy, Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star, Strange Wilderness, The House Bunny, and Paul Blart: Mall Cop. He has also composed, produced, or performed in songs with Warren Zevon, Joe Walsh, Jackson Browne, Linda Ronstadt and others.

Session and touring work
In 1972, he was hired by Warren Zevon to play guitar on The Everly Brothers' Stories We Could Tell album and join them in a subsequent tour.

By 1973, he played with Lindsey Buckingham and Stevie Nicks on their first album Buckingham Nicks (credited as 'Waddy', no surname), and on tour. Later, when Nicks and Buckingham joined Fleetwood Mac, he played rhythm guitar on their 1975 album Fleetwood Mac on the track "Sugar Daddy".

In 1980, he wrote, recorded and sang lead vocals on an album for producer Peter Asher with members of Linda Ronstadt's band, including musicians Don Grolnick, Dan Dugmore, Stanley Sheldon and Rick Marotta. Both the group and the album were titled Ronin. Released on the Mercury label, the record never charted.

In 1984, he played on Steve Perry's (Journey) solo album Street Talk.

He has appeared on hundreds of albums with many different artists and bands.

Production credits include albums by Stevie Nicks, Keith Richards, Jackson Browne, Bryan Ferry, The Church, Sand Rubies, George Thorogood and the Destroyers and Warren Zevon. Wachtel co-wrote several songs with Zevon including "Werewolves of London". He also co-wrote the Warren Zevon song "Things to Do in Denver When You're Dead" from the album Mr. Bad Example. He performed on all seven Warren Zevon albums from 1976 through 1992, producing or co-producing three.

Wachtel also shares co-writing credits with Stevie Nicks on a few tracks such as "Annabel Lee", and "I Don't Care".

Wachtel has been credited on some albums as Bob Wachtel, but some online sources have incorrectly credited him as Richard Wachtel on albums on which he was credited as having played guitar.

Legal problems
Wachtel was arrested in 1998 on suspicion of possession of child pornography after images were found on a computer he had at home. Wachtel pleaded no contest and was placed on probation for three years.

Musician Brett Tuggle defended Wachtel saying "there is no way that Stevie would have him in her band if she thought he was guilty of any wrongdoing." A detective of the Los Angeles juvenile sex crimes division reported that Wachtel produced copies of the computer-stored images which he kept in his bedroom.

Equipment
Wachtel plays a 1960 Gibson Les Paul and 1957 Fender Stratocaster. He said in a 1980 interview that the newest made guitar he owned was a 1964 Fender Stratocaster. Wachtel purchased the Les Paul guitar from Stephen Stills for $350. In September 2014 the Gibson Custom Shop chose the 1960 Les Paul Waddy Wachtel guitar for their new Collector's Choice series.

2000 to present
Wachtel performs regularly with the Waddy Wachtel Band in the Los Angeles area, notably at The Joint from 2000 through 2013. The band at that time included Phil Jones, Rick Rosas, Bernard Fowler and Blondie Chaplin, among others. He continues to gig with his band, with some personnel changes, while retaining Fowler and Chaplin. Many famous artists have performed with the band as special guests.

Wachtel appeared on the 2010 Grammy Award television show backing Taylor Swift's live presentation. In Swift's duet with Nicks on the song "Rhiannon", Wachtel was featured on lead guitar.

As of 2020, Wachtel is performing with a group of other Southern California classic rock veterans in a group called "The Immediate Family" along with Danny Kortchmar, Leland Sklar, Russ Kunkel, and Steve Postell.

Collaborations
With Bill Cowsill
 * Nervous Breakthrough (MGM Records, 1970)

With The Everly Brothers
 * Stories We Could Tell (RCA Victor, 1972)

With Lindsey Buckingham and Stevie Nicks
 * Buckingham Nicks (Polydor, 1973)

With Sarah Kernochan
 * Best Around the Bush (RCA Records, 1974)

With Jackie DeShannon
 * New Arrangement (Columbia Records, 1975)

With Fleetwood Mac
 * Fleetwood Mac (Reprise Records, 1975)

With John Stewart
 * Wingless Angels (RCA Records, 1975)

With Splinter
 * Harder to Live (Dark Horse Records, 1975)

With Dianne Brooks
 * Back Stairs in My Life (Reprise Records, 1976)

With Barbi Benton
 * Something New (Polydor Records, 1976)

With Jackson Browne
 * The Pretender (Asylum Records, 1976)
 * Lives in the Balance (Asylum Records, 1986)
 * I'm Alive (Elektra Records, 1993)
 * Looking East (Elektra Records, 1996)
 * Downhill from Everywhere (Inside Recordings, 2021)

With Andrew Gold
 * What's Wrong with This Picture? (Asylum Records, 1976)
 * All This and Heaven Too (Asylum Records, 1977)
 * Whirlwind (Asylum Records, 1980)

With Arlo Guthrie
 * Amigo (Reprise Records, 1976)

With Carole King
 * Thoroughbred (A&M Records, 1976)

With Tom Pacheco
 * The Outsider (RCA Records, 1976)

With Tom Snow
 * Tom Snow (Capitol Records, 1976)

With Maria Muldaur
 * Sweet Harmony (Reprise Records, 1976)

With Linda Ronstadt
 * Hasten Down the Wind (Asylum Records, 1976)
 * Simple Dreams (Asylum Records, 1977)
 * Living in the USA (Asylum Records, 1978)
 * Get Closer (Asylum Records, 1982)
 * We Ran (Elektra Records, 1998)

With J. D. Souther
 * Black Rose (Asylum Records, 1976)
 * You're Only Lonely (Columbia Records, 1979)
 * Home By Dawn (Warner Bros. Records, 1984)

With James Taylor
 * In the Pocket (Rhino Records, 1976)
 * Flag (Columbia Records, 1979)
 * Dad Loves His Work (Columbia Records, 1981)

With Wendy Waldman
 * The Main Refrain (Warner Bros. Records, 1976)

With Sammy Walker
 * Sammy Walker (Warner Bros. Records, 1976)

With Nickey Barclay
 * Diamond in a Junkyard (Ariola America, 1976)

With Rusty Wier
 * Black Hat Saloon (Columbia Records, 1976)
 * Stacked Deck (Columbia Records, 1977)

With Warren Zevon
 * Warren Zevon (Asylum Records, 1976)
 * Excitable Boy (Asylum Records, 1978)
 * Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School (Elektra Records, 1980)
 * The Envoy (Asylum Records, 1982)
 * Sentimental Hygiene (Virgin Records, 1987)
 * Transverse City (Virgin Records, 1989)
 * Mr. Bad Example (Giant, 1991)

With Karla Bonoff
 * Karla Bonoff (Columbia Records, 1977)
 * Restless Nights (Columbia Records, 1979)
 * Wild Heart of the Young (Columbia Records, 1982)

With Nancy Shanks
 * Nancy Shanx (United Artists Records, 1977)

With Attitudes
 * Good News (Dark Horse Records, 1977)

With Randy Newman
 * Little Criminals (Reprise Records, 1977)
 * Born Again (Reprise Records, 1979)
 * Trouble in Paradise (Reprise Records, 1983)
 * Randy Newman's Faust (Reprise Records, 1995)

With Bryan Ferry
 * The Bride Stripped Bare (EG Records, 1978)

With Bob Weir
 * Heaven Help the Fool (Arista Records, 1978)

With Leo Sayer
 * Leo Sayer (Chrysalis Records, 1978)

With Debby Boone
 * Debby Boone (Capitol Records, 1979)

With Richie Furay
 * I Still Have Dreams (Asylum Records, 1979)
 * In The Country (BMG, 2022)

With Adam Mitchell
 * Redhead in Trouble (Warner Bros. Records, 1979)

With Ronnie Hawkins
 * The Hawk (United Artists Records, 1979)

With Louise Goffin
 * Kid Blue (Asylum Records, 1979)
 * Louise Goffin (Asylum Records, 1981)

With Bonnie Raitt
 * The Glow (Warner Bros. Records, 1979)

With America
 * Alibi (Capitol Records, 1980)

With Kim Carnes
 * Mistaken Identity (EMI, 1981)
 * Voyeur (EMI, 1982)
 * Café Racers (EMI, 1983)
 * Barking at Airplanes (EMI, 1985)
 * Light House (EMI, 1986)

With Rita Coolidge
 * Heartbreak Radio (A&M Records, 1981)

With Stevie Nicks
 * Bella Donna (Atco Records, 1981)
 * The Wild Heart (Modern Records, 1983)
 * Rock a Little (Modern Records, 1985)
 * The Other Side of the Mirror (Modern Records, 1989)
 * Street Angel (Modern Records, 1994)
 * Trouble in Shangri-La (Reprise Records, 2001)
 * In Your Dreams (Reprise Records, 2011)
 * 24 Karat Gold: Songs from the Vault (Reprise Records, 2014)

With Helen Reddy
 * Play Me Out (MCA Records, 1981)

With Phoebe Snow
 * Rock Away (Mirage, 1981)

With Ronnie Wood
 * 1234 (Columbia Records, 1981)
 * I Feel Like Playing (Eagle Rock Entertainment, 2010)

With Don Henley
 * I Can't Stand Still (Asylum Records, 1982)
 * The End of the Innocence (Geffen, 1989)

With Kenny Rogers
 * Love Will Turn You Around (Liberty Records, 1982)

With Bill Medley
 * Right Here and Now (Planet Records, 1982)

With Bob Seger
 * The Distance (Capitol Records, 1982)
 * The Fire Inside (Capitol Records, 1991)

With Bette Midler
 * No Frills (Atlantic Records, 1983)

With Marty Balin
 * Lucky (EMI, 1983)

With Ringo Starr
 * Old Wave (RCA Records, 1983)
 * Time Takes Time (Private Music, 1992)

With Joe Walsh
 * You Bought It – You Name It (Warner Bros. Records, 1983)
 * The Confessor (Warner Bros. Records, 1985)
 * Ordinary Average Guy (Epic Records, 1991)

With Dolly Parton
 * The Great Pretender (RCA Records, 1984)
 * Rainbow (Columbia Records, 1987)
 * Rockstar (Big Machine Records, 2023)

With Steve Perry
 * Street Talk (Columbia Records, 1984)

With Eric Martin
 * Eric Martin (Capitol Records, 1985)

With Jimmy Barnes
 * For the Working Class Man (Mushroom Records, 1985)

With Rosanne Cash
 * Rhythm & Romance (Columbia Records, 1985)

With Graham Nash
 * Innocent Eyes (Atlantic Records, 1986)

With Karla DeVito
 * Wake 'Em Up In Tokyo (A&M Records, 1986)

With Van Stephenson
 * Suspicious Heart (MCA Records, 1986)

With Dwight Twilley
 * Wild Dogs (CBS Records, 1986)

With Cher
 * Cher (Geffen, 1987)
 * Heart of Stone (Geffen, 1989)

With Lisa Hartman Black
 * 'Til My Heart Stops (Atlantic Records, 1987)

With Melissa Etheridge
 * Melissa Etheridge (Island Records, 1988)
 * Brave and Crazy (Island Records, 1989)
 * Yes I Am (Island Records, 1993)

With Ivan Neville
 * If My Ancestors Could See Me Now (Polydor Records, 1988)
 * Saturday Morning Music (UpTop Entertainment, 2002)
 * Scrape (Evangeline Recorded Works, 2004)

With Keith Richards
 * Talk Is Cheap (Virgin Records, 1988)
 * Main Offender (Virgin Records, 1992)
 * Crosseyed Heart (Republic Records, 2015)

With Feargal Sharkey
 * Wish (Virgin Records, 1988)

With The Graces
 * Perfect View (A&M Records, 1989)

With Jon Bon Jovi
 * Blaze of Glory (Columbia Records, 1990)

With Steve Louw
 * Waiting For the Down (Epic Records, 1990)

With Bob Dylan
 * Under the Red Sky (Columbia Records, 1990)

With Iggy Pop
 * Brick by Brick (Virgin Records, 1990)

With Hall & Oates
 * Change of Season (Arista Records, 1990)

With Diana Ross
 * The Force Behind the Power (Motown Records, 1991)

With Rod Stewart
 * Vagabond Heart (Warner Bros. Records, 1991)

With Troy Newman
 * Gypsy Moon (Warner Bros. Records, 1991)
 * It's Like This (Mega Pop Records, 1995)

With Bonnie Tyler
 * Bitterblue (Hansa Records, 1991)

With Tracy Chapman
 * Matters of the Heart (Elektra Records, 1992)

With Neil Diamond
 * The Christmas Album (Columbia Records, 1992)
 * The Christmas Album, Volume II (Columbia Records, 1994)

With Hanne Boel
 * My Kindred Spirit (Medley Records, 1992)

With Delbert McClinton
 * Never Been Rocked Enough (Curb, 1992)

With Tom Waits
 * Bone Machine (Island Records, 1992)

With Andrew Strong
 * Strong (MCA Records, 1993)

With Gilby Clarke
 * Pawnshop Guitars (Virgin Records, 1994)
 * The Hangover (Paradigm Records, 1997)

With A. J. Croce
 * That's Me in the Bar (Private Music, 1995)

With Colin James
 * Bad Habits (Warner Music Canada, 1995)

With Brian Wilson
 * I Just Wasn't Made for These Times (MCA Records, 1995)

With Aaron Neville
 * The Tattooed Heart (A&M Records, 1995)

With John Prine
 * Lost Dogs and Mixed Blessings (Oh Boy Records, 1995)

With Michael Sweet
 * Real (Benson, 1995)

With Bee Gees
 * Still Waters (Polydor Records, 1997)

With The Wilsons
 * The Wilsons (Polygram Records, 1997)

With Johnny Rivers
 * Last Train to Memphis (Soul City, 1998)
 * Reinvention Highway (Collectors' Choice Music, 2004)

With Amanda Marshall
 * Tuesday's Child (Epic Records, 1999)

With Janice Robinson
 * The Color Within Me (Columbia Records, 1999)

With Kim Richey
 * Glimmer (Mercury Records, 1999)

With Shannon McNally
 * Jukebox Sparrows (Capitol Records, 2002)

With Robbie Williams
 * Escapology (EMI, 2002)
 * Intensive Care (Chrysalis Records, 2005)

With Keith Gattis
 * Big City Blues (Smith Music Group, 2005)

With Bernard Fowler
 * Friends With Privileges (Sony, 2006)
 * The Bura (MRI, 2016)

With Radney Foster
 * This World We Live In (Dualtone Records, 2006)

With Miranda Lambert
 * Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (Columbia Nashville, 2007)

With John Mayer
 * Battle Studies (Columbia Records, 2009)

With David Nail
 * I'm About to Come Alive (MCA Records, 2009)

With Michael Grimm
 * Michael Grimm (Epic Records, 2011)

With Jessie Baylin
 * Little Spark (Blonde Rat, 2012)

With LeAnn Rimes
 * Spitfire (Curb Records, 2013)
 * One Christmas: Chapter 1 (Iconic, 2014)
 * God's Work (EverLe, 2022)

With Edie Brickell and Steve Martin
 * Love Has Come for You (Rounder Records, 2013)

With Judith Owen
 * Ebb & Flow (Twanky Records, 2014)
 * Somebody's Child (Twanky Records, 2016)

With Neil Young
 * Storytone (Reprise Records, 2014)

With Mindi Abair
 * Wild Heart (Heads Up, 2014)

With Pat McGee
 * Pat McGee (Pat McGee, 2015)

With Beth Hart
 * Fire on the Floor (Provologue Records, 2016)

With Sheryl Crow
 * Threads (Big Machine Records, 2019)

With Anders Osborne
 * Buddha & The Blues (Back on Dumaine Records, 2019)
 * Picasso's Villa (5Th Ward Records, 2024)

With Kate Taylor
 * Why Wait! (Red House Records, 2021)

With Edgar Winter
 * Brother Johnny (Quarto Valley Records, 2022)

With Ian Hunter
 * Defiance Part 1 (Sun, 2023)
 * Defiance Part 2: Fiction (Sun, 2024)

Personal life
Wachtel is married. He has an estranged son named Waddy who lives in Hilton Head Island, SC.

title: Waddy Wachtel


text:
Talk:Esbat

Removed

 * Those definitions of a "blue moon" are of a recent date as the original definition that gave rise to the phrase "once in a blue moon" has been generally forgotten. The original definition related to the moon actually being blue. This occurs when Venus is very close to the Earth and geocentricly on the opposite side of the Moon from the Sun and the sky is very clear. The dark part of the Moon is then illuminated by Venus and appears to be a pale blue color.

I've removed this text from the article, as it strikes me as being very unlikely -- the full Venus doesn't give off much light -- certainly less than the Earth. Can anyone comment on this?

 * Well, blue moon doesn't mention anything about Venus, but it does state that a blue colored moon does rarely happen. I made blue moon a wikilink, that should take care of it. If someone wants to chat about Venus making it blue, they can do so over there. :) -- Zawersh 00:17, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

Derivation of the word "esbat"
Added brief paragraph NakedCelt 06:42, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Added citation -- NakedCelt 17:07, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

The 13 moons and their qualities
There are a few problems with all that info that's been recently added. First off, there's no context. Is this old pagan tradition, and if so, from which group or culture? Or is it a recent neopagan invention? Is this an authoritative set of names and description of qualities, or just one of several variations? Secondly, we need better references for this info than what is essentially an anonymous website that anyone could put up. Preferably a reliable published source, but a website of a very reputable witchcraft organisation might be permissible. Thirdly, this shouldn't be written as a "how you can observe an esbat" guide, but more as a description of what people who observe esbats think and do.

I'm not sure it's appropriate having all this info here, but seeing as you put the work in I'll see what you can make out of it. Fuzzypeg ☻ 05:11, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I see the problem you're referring to - I'm going to go ahead and pull that section out until I can find some better references. Isarian 18:29, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

Margaret Murray is just about the worst author you could use if you're looking for authoritative sources for citations. Scholars of religion and the anthropological community in general do not hold "The Witch Cult in Western Europe" in high regard. Quoting Murray actually makes this article seem less authoritative. 76.69.11.244 (talk) 00:51, 19 March 2013 (UTC)Christine

title: Talk:Esbat


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Rebana

The rebana or terbangan is a tambourine that is used in Islamic devotional music in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore. The sound of the rebana often accompany Islamic ritual such as the zikir. The name rebana came from the Arabic word robbana ("our Lord"). The rebana is also used by the Cham people of Cambodia and also gave rise to the Rabana which is used by the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka.

It is also used by the Cape Malays in Cape Town, South Africa.

Cambodia
The rebana is also used among the Cham and Malay ethnic groups in Cambodia. A large variation of the rebana is used in the Yike theatre of Cambodia where it is called skor yike ស្គរយីកេ (or yike drum).

Indonesia
Rebana in Indonesia is particularly associated with the Muslim community, such as the Ponoraganese in Java, Minang in Sumatra and the Betawi in Jakarta.

Ponorogo
In Ponorogo Rebana called Kompang has been around since the 15th century, a change to the buddha drum. Kompang is used as a typical Islamic musical instrument, the largest form of tambourine in the world is in Ponorogo. Kompang Ponorogo is spread in various cities on the island of Java, because many students study at traditional Pesantren Islamic of boarding schools in Ponorogo. Until Kompang Ponorogo spread to the Malay area after the son of a famous Pesantren of Islamic boarding school owner married the daughter of the Sultan of Selangor, the Ponorogo delegation showed the art of Kompang to the audience at the wedding. Kompang Ponorogo was favored by the people of Selangor and neighboring kingdoms such as Johor, Riau, Pattani, Brunei and Sabah.

Sumatra
The Minang people of West Sumatra use rebana in their traditional dance.

The redep or redap is a type of rebana from Palembang, South Sumatra. It is usually colored in red, black, and gold; a typical color in Palembang art. The redep is part of the kulintang ensemble of southern Sumatra, sometimes together with the serunai (oboe-like double reed) and a violin. These combinations suggest a combined influence of Buddhist, Hindu, Portuguese, Malay and Western Asia, Arab origins. West Asian music influenced southern Sumatra since the early 16th century when a Muslim sultanate of mixed Javanese and Arab blood reigned in Palembang.

Jakarta
The rebana in Jakarta is particularly associated with the Muslim community of Betawi, often found in Central and South Jakarta. Each kampong in Jakarta has its own rebana, for example, Rebana Burdah can be found in Kuningan Barat Kelurahan (Mampang Prapatan Subdistrict), while Rebana Maukhid is from Pejaten Kelurahan (Pasar Minggu Subdistrict). Rebana may be used in a wedding ritual or in a circumcision ceremony.

Rebana Biang is a large, jingle-less, 90 centimeter in diameter rebana. Rebana Biang can still be found in southern area of Jakarta, e.g. Ciganjur, Cijantung, Cakung, Ciseeng, Parung, Pondok Rajeg, Bojong Gede, and Citayam. Pondok Cina and Bintaro area used to have a Rebana Biang tradition, but it had vanished due to urbanization. Rebana Biang is also known as Rebana Gede, Rebana Salun, Gembyung, and Terbang Selamat. Rebana Biang is different with typical rebanas in which it has no metal jingles and the drumhead (or wangkis) is fixed using wedges instead of nails (not different with the Tifa from Maluku). It is assumed that the Rebana Biang originated from the period before the coming of Islam to Indonesia. Rebana Biang may accompany other smaller rebanas in an ensemble. Because of its large size, feet and knees may be used to support the rebana, which may also be used to control the sound of the rebana.

Rebana Burdah is a 50 centimeter in diameter rebana. The name Burdah comes from the Al Burda qaida (qaida is a form of Arabic poem) which is usually accompanied by the Rebana Burdah ensemble, or from the name of the leader of the Rebana Burdah ensemble, the Arab descendant Sayid Abdullah Ba'mar. Rebana Burdah can be found in Kuningan Sarat (Mampang Prapatan Subdistrict).

Rebana Maukhid is a 40 centimeter in diameter rebana from Pejaten, Pasar Minggu Subdistrict. Rebana Maukhid usually accompanies song by Abdullah Alhadad, who is said to come from Hadhramaut, and whose descendants live in Pejaten.

Rebana Ketimpring contains three pairs of jingles in its body. The ensemble of Rebana Ketimpring contains three players, each holding three rebanas with sizes between 20 and 25 centimeter called rebana tiga, rebana empat, and rebana lima respectively. Rebana lima is placed in the center and acts as the leader of the ensemble. Rebana Ketimpring are used in the feast of a wedding ceremony (called ngarak) or in a blessing-asking rituals such as a circumcision ritual or after a child birth (called maulid)

Rebana Dor is a rebana which contains small holes on its side to ease its handling. Rebana Kasidah or Qasidah is a modernized form of Rebana Dor whose singer is usually a female. Rebana Kasidah is the most popular form of rebana, with more than 600 bands of Rebana Kasidah in Jakarta alone, and is considered a pop music.

Malaysia
The largest type of Malay rebana, the rebana ubi, is widely used by people in east-coast states of Kelantan and Terengganu.

This instrument is derived from the Arabic cultural elements. but according to the saga of local stories, musical instruments Kompang entrance on the ground wither exactly selangor brought by the great scholar of the family entourage of the Pondok Tegalsari in Ponorogo, the island of Java, which is the forerunner of Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor, dato Khasan Besari. The delegation of Jawa intend to enliven the marriage of his son Dato Zainal Abidin who was about to marry the daughter of the king of Malay Selangor. After the king's death Selangor, Selangor position as king was replaced by Zaenal Abidin and hereditary until now.

Smaller rebanas also known as Kompangs are widely used by the Malay people when celebrating the bride and groom in a wedding ceremony. Rebana Hadrah came from the state of Johor.

The Rebana is the image engraved on one side of the Malaysian 1 sen coin.

South Africa
The Cape Malays, an ethnic group in Cape Town which arose from the Dutch East India Company's use of slaves in the Dutch Cape Colony, use the rebana, also spelt "rebanna", in their traditional music.

title: Rebana


text:
Tamala Edwards

Tamala Monique Edwards (born April 7, 1971) is an American television news anchor and reporter.

She began her journalism career as a correspondent for Time magazine in 1993, eventually working in the Washington, D.C., bureau. In August 2001, she came to work for ABC News as a White House correspondent, later moving on to be a Washington, D.C.-based general correspondent appearing on World News Tonight and Good Morning America.

Edwards also anchored two ABC News newscasts, World News Now and World News This Morning and discovered a bit of a cult following as several other World News Now anchors have.

In 2005, she moved to ABC owned and operated station WPVI-TV in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she currently is the weekday morning Action News anchor and a feature reporter.

Edwards married Rocco Lugrine, executive pastry chef of Le Bec Fin, on September 19, 2006. They became first-time parents on August 31, 2009, when Tamala gave birth to a boy, Rocco Alexander Edwards Lugrine. Mrs. Edwards gave birth to another boy, Massimo John Edwards Lugrine, on September 11, 2012.

Her parents are Edith and Redick Edwards, who live in Houston, Texas.

title: Tamala Edwards


text:
Enrico Valtorta

Bishop Enrico Pascal Valtorta (14 May 1883 – 3 September 1951) was the last Apostolic Vicar and the first Roman Catholic bishop of Hong Kong.

He was born in Italy at Carate Brianza, and was ordained priest in Milan on 30 March 1907 for the Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions (PIME).

He arrived in Hong Kong on 5 October 1907 and from 1909 to 1911 was apostolic missionary for Nam Tau (San On District) and Sai Kung (New Territories); Rector of St. Joseph's Church at Garden Road and teacher at seminary in 1913; chaplain to Victoria Gaol (1921–1925). Appointed 4th Vicar Apostolic of Hong Kong on 8 March 1926, was consecrated titular bishop of Lerus on 13 June 1926. Hong Kong Apostolic Vicariate was raised to a diocese on 11 April 1946. Bishop Valtorta was installed as bishop of the Hong Kong Diocese on 31 October 1948. He died in Hong Kong in 1951.

Valtorta College in Tai Po was named after him.

title: Enrico Valtorta


text:
Wikipedia:Administrator intervention against vandalism/Header

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