text:
User talk:Karthiks

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title: User talk:Karthiks


text:
Talk:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu

Untitled
His surname is Nguyen istead of Thieu. — Instantnood 05:18, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Vietnamese are known by their last given name, not their family name. Cripipper 17:42, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

was this person a US citizen (Vietnamese American) or not (a refugee or expatriate in the US)? Article and categories should show this. Thanks Hmains 02:59, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

IPA, Chinese
Also please add the Chinese characters of his name. Jidanni 01:52, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Found 阮文紹. OK. Jidanni 23:01, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Religion?
"This article is within the scope of WikiProject Religion..."

This is the biography of a political figure! How did it wind up in a religion section and how do we fix that? Rasp (talk) 22:28, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Removed. -- Eraserhead1 <talk> 11:16, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Nguyễn Văn Thiệu's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "j118": From Nguyen Chanh Thi: Jacobs, p. 118. From 1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt: Jacobs, p. 118.

Reference named "l": From Nguyen Chanh Thi: Langguth, pp. 108–109. From 1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt: Langguth, pp. 108–109. From Ton That Dinh: Langguth, pp. 289–291.

Reference named "nyt": From Duong Van Minh:

From Nguyen Chanh Thi:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 08:33, 19 July 2010 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Nguyễn Văn Thiệu's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "mo757":

From Nguyen Khanh: Moyar, p. 757.

From September 1964 South Vietnamese coup attempt: Moyar (2004), p. 757.

Reference named "m344":

From Nguyen Khanh: Moyar, p. 344.

From December 1964 South Vietnamese coup: Moyar (2006), p. 344.

Reference named "kh498":

From Nguyen Chanh Thi: Kahin (1986), p. 498.

From Tran Thien Khiem: Kahin, p. 498.

Reference named "versus":

From Nguyen Khanh:

From December 1964 South Vietnamese coup:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 07:17, 11 August 2010 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Ngô Bảo Châu which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RM bot 11:31, 25 June 2011 (UTC)

Family
The article is incorrect. This man had twin daughters who attended Mt. Holyoke College and one son who attended Amherst College (which is how he came to live in Mass.). And immediately following the fall of Saigon, the US govt relocated him (paid about $150,000 - which was a ton of money in 1975 - for a house in Hawaii. I went to college with his daughters so I know a few things about this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.163.60.15 (talk) 13:42, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

RfC on Vietnamese diacritics
RfC: Should the spelling of Vietnamese names follow the general usage of English-language reliable sources? Examples: Ngo Dinh Diem, Ho Chi Minh, and Saigon, or Ngô Đình Diệm, Hồ Chí Minh, and Sài Gòn. The RfC is here. Kauffner (talk) 21:31, 22 July 2012 (UTC)

Alleged reclusiveness
This article's assertion that Thieu in exile shunned the media is not completely correct. Throughout the 1980s that was the case, but I recall a number of interviews he gave in the 1990s. He also wrote articles for TIME magazine once or twice, calling for a return to democracy in Vietnam, and made some clandestine attempts to bring dissidents together in exile (but found that many of them wanted to keep their distance from him). I will try to find a few sources. David Cannon (talk)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tran Van Tra which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 08:29, 6 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Previous RM closer being part re-opend below, , In ictu oculi (talk) 12:31, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090201061258/http://vietquoc.com/news2001/na101301.htm to http://www.vietquoc.com/news2001/na101301.htm

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:33, 8 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Drapeau de l'Armée Nationale Vietnamienne.png

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:40, 20 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Portrait of President Nguyen Van Thieu in 1968.jpg

Requested move 13 August 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Page not moved. There was not consensus for the move. Consensus among the opposers was that the Vietnamese spelling (with diacritics) is appropriate and follows the English Wikipedia norms for the title. It was also noted that the existing redirects currently handle this situation well. (closed by non-admin page mover) --  Dane  talk  17:05, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

– Move of Vietnamese biographies to their more popular anglicised titles as per WP:UCN and WP:UE: The choice between anglicized and local spellings should follow English-language usage. See the following Google Ngrams for evidence:
 * Nguyễn Văn Thiệu → Nguyen Van Thieu
 * Lê Duẩn → Le Duan
 * Lê Đức Thọ → Le Duc Tho
 * Nguyễn Cao Kỳ → Nguyen Cao Ky
 * Trường Chinh → Truong Chinh
 * Nguyen Van Thieu: 1
 * Le Duan: 2
 * Le Duc Tho: 3
 * Nguyen Cao Ky: 4
 * Truong Chinh: 5 ItsPugle (please use  on reply) 12:33, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Support per WP:USEENGLISH. Rreagan007 (talk) 15:49, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per nomination and Rreagan007 as well as per WP:COMMONNAME. English-language orthography does not use diacritics and this name appeared in newspapers and magazines around the English-speaking world on a nearly-daily basis. Exceptions should be made for names that have well-established and recognizable English-language forms that continue in common use as of this writing. There have been a number of previous discussions regarding this matter — see Talk:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (21:31, 22 July 2012, above). —Roman Spinner (talk • contribs) 17:31, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose no need for this change when redirects adequately address any confusion. WP:UCN is irrelevant and all the names are recognizable with diacritics. Mztourist (talk) 05:07, 14 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I mean, WP:UE is pretty clear in exactly when diacritics/non-English characters should be used: when the majority of sources use them, which isn't the case here as already demonstrated. As I've mentioned in your other comment against this policy at Vo Nguyen Giap, you can always go forward and try and form an RfC to change it, but existing exceptions like common sense and ignore all rules don't really apply. In fact, I'd like to think that common sense is to use the most common name... ItsPugle (please use  on reply) 12:22, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

pinging possibly interested editors from the recent move discussion at Talk:Viet Minh, excluding those who have already replied here. ItsPugle (please use  on reply) 12:22, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Why stop here? There are over 1 million articles with full fonts on en.wp. These correctly spelled articles have been built up over 20 years. are you volunteering to go through every article in the corpus and remove diacritics, not just in titles but in texts? If not what are you supporting here?  WP:USEENGLISH evidently doesn't say "strip fonts", but leaving that aside. Are you volunteering to clean the accents and diacritics from the entire project? In ictu oculi (talk) 13:37, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I think this is a Reductio ad absurdum argument. But yes, I think that all* articles on the English Wikipedia should be at their most common English name, which includes spelling and diacritics. I highly doubt there are over one million articles not currently at their most common English name, but if there are, then yes they should all be moved to their most common English name (*with certain exceptions, of course) in accordance with Wikipedia policy. Rreagan007 (talk) 14:23, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * And from Vo Nguyen Giap - all other editors there have also been involved here :) ItsPugle (please use  on reply) 12:24, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * My "support" vote is already posted above (17:31, 13 August). —Roman Spinner (talk • contribs) 21:24, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm so dumb, sorry! ItsPugle (please use  on reply) 10:31, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose As mentioned in the other discussion, most older sources had typographical limitations. See for example this ngram for a generic name with diacritics which clearly shows how pretty much everything before 2010 was still largely constrained by the inability to write such marks. Now, as your ngrams show, this is no longer the case, and publications that can include diacritics, do include them, and Wikipedia should follow suit. Neodop (talk) 22:40, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Linking to another cherry picked source hardly counts as evidence - that source isn't even Vietnamese and has only one diacritic in the non-anglicise term. And all the Google Ngrams I've provided show, as per actual policy, that the significant majority of sources use the anglicised version. Even in recent years when such (alleged) technical limitations wouldn't a problem, Google Ngrams still shows that the anglicised versions are very substantially more prominent than the "native" ones. ItsPugle (please use  on reply) 01:49, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * A lot of bytes above, responding to those arguing for following low-MOS English sources:
 * 1. There is nothing absurd about consistency, that is why we have MOS.
 * 2. The current number of articles in the English Wikipedia is 6,136,347. Of these around 10-20% touch on subjects in Latin America, Europe, so will have accents and other diacritics in article texts and where required in titles. Anyone can test this with Special:Random/Namespace.
 * 3. "in accordance with Wikipedia reality" is article reality : since all articles have full fonts in title and name space and are therefore every article which could have diacritics does have so, then the article corpus en toto cannot be "contrary with Wikipedia policy", simply policy is being misread (as here).
 * 4. The main point I am making here is that to be on a RM lobbying for a change in article corpus reality, status quo is WP:DISRUPTIVE and why several of the anti-diacritic editors 10 years ago ended up with Topic-bans, blocks and even C-bans.
 * 5. It is however encouraging that no one yet has said "yes but these are Asia articles, East European bios are Europe articles." In ictu oculi (talk) 10:05, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * 1. Yep, and the MOS in this situtation says to use the non-diacritic version (WP:UE)
 * 3. There's literally nothing saying that just because something can be technically done, it must be. In fact, saying so is a direct divergence from relevant policy
 * 2. and 4. The existing wiki-wide consensus supports using the non-diacritic version, so I think it's actually more disruptive for you to continue to base your attacks against this RM and me on a discussion that occurred ten years ago and for you to continue to protest that this therefore changes up to a million articles - literally just lunacy
 * Also, please stop bringing up the fact that other editors got blocked or c-banned ten years ago. I've said this over and over: if you think I'm being a serious issue (other than just disagreeing with you), then report me to the ANI - otherwise it's just obvious you're trying to taint my character ItsPugle (please use  on reply) 00:33, 21 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose per Naming_conventions_(use_English) and also Mztourist and In ictu oculi. Diacritics are allowed and 'common name' refers to using stage names and shortened names where these are more common. Using diacritics or not doesn't change the "name" Bumbubookworm (talk) 10:19, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Doesn't WP:NCUE (specifically, WP:DIACRITICS) support using the non-diacritic name since they're used in the significant majority of reliable, English-language sources? ItsPugle (please use  on reply) 00:33, 21 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose WP has for a long time embraced the diacritics set contained in any latin script in order to respect native pronunciations. It would be retrograde to move these back to non-diacritics style. --  Ohc  ¡digame! 20:42, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * WP uses the diactrictics (or lack thereof) from the majority of reliable, English-language sources, so... ItsPugle (please use  on reply) 00:33, 21 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose as with my comments on the Giáp article. Vietnamese diacritics exist for a reason. It's insulting not to spell peoples' names correctly. Blythwood (talk) 02:12, 23 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't really think predicting how someone (many of whom are dead) is going to feel about their Wikipedia page using anglicised characters is a great reason here. Especially when it goes against policy. ItsPugle (please use {{reply|ItsPugle}}) 04:11, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose I think existing redirects handle the situation adequately. I don't see that moves like this have any substantive impact. --Spasemunki (talk) 10:18, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Kudos to the author(s) of the article
Hi,

Kudos to the author(s) of the article.

The article is very detailed. Of course, one or the other does not like the article. It does not matter. In german wikipedia a similar article was edited. But it is more or less an abstract!

Nonetheless, the article shows that Thieu was a through and through anti-communist. Until his death. Unlike his "comrades-in-arms", e.g. Nguyễn Cao Kỳ (or Nguyen Cao Ky), Trần Thiện Khiêm (or Tran Thien Khiem). They become opportunists over the years.

Many thanks again. Best wishes for continued sucess!!!! --Beautiful Bavaria (talk) 15:19, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu


text:
User:Keffy~enwiki

Student at Western Washington University.

Artist/Writer of Moralicide

title: User:Keffy~enwiki


text:
User talk:Jrol

OWU Methodist Affiliation
See: Please don't remove the category link -- especially without discussing on the articles talk page. --Chiacomo 05:17, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * http://go.owu.edu/~catalog/cat-a03.pdf
 * http://www.owu.edu/about.html#history

title: User talk:Jrol


text:
Roz Abrams

Roslyn Maria Abrams (born September 7, 1948) is an American former television news journalist. She had a long career as an anchor on Eyewitness News, which is broadcast by WABC-TV, working in Manhattan. More recently she worked for WCBS-TV, also in Manhattan, from 2004 to 2006.

Early life and education
Abrams holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Western Michigan University, a master's degree from the University of Michigan and an honorary doctorate of human letters from New York Institute of Technology.

Career
Abrams received a New York Association of Black Journalists Award for the special "The Sounds of Harlem." She has been part of award-winning coverage for some of the biggest news stories from around the world, including AIDS, the Chernobyl disaster, the end of apartheid in South Africa, 9/11, and the Northeast blackout of 2003. She worked at WSB-AM radio from 1975 to 1978. She worked on television at WXIA-TV from 1978 to 1982, at CNN from 1982 to 1983, and at KRON-TV from 1983 to 1986.

In December 2003, Abrams was named to the Editorial Advisory Board of "Making Waves," the new quarterly publication of American women in radio and television. She is the current co-chair of NY READS TOGETHER a program sponsored by the New York Women's Agenda.

WABC-TV and WCBS-TV
Before joining WCBS-TV in 2004, Abrams had spent 18 years at WABC-TV, beginning in February 1986, first as a general reporter and later as 5 p.m. co-anchor. The quick move began Abrams's long association with the station. Her last partner at WABC-TV was Diana Williams, beginning in 2003. In 2003, she was offered a contract by WCBS-TV to anchor CBS 2 News at 5 and 11.

Abrams then joined WCBS-TV as the co-anchor of "CBS2 News" at 5 and 11 p.m. on April 19, 2004. First she was paired with veteran New York news anchor Ernie Anastos, who had co-anchored WABC Eyewitness News with her in the 1980s, and then with Jim Rosenfield. In April 2006, she was moved from 11 p.m. to noon, co-anchoring with Mary Calvi. Abrams was replaced at 11 p.m. with veteran Dana Tyler (whom Abrams had replaced at 11 p.m. upon joining WCBS in 2003). In November 2006, however, Abrams left the air after WCBS-TV sports anchor Chris Wragge and newly hired Kristine Johnson (formerly of NBC News and MSNBC) became the anchors at noon and 5 p.m. (and eventually moved from noon to 11 p.m.).

In popular culture

 * In 2005, Abrams appeared as herself during a brief news segment in the feature film War of the Worlds, an adaptation of H. G. Wells novel of the same name, directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Tom Cruise.
 * Abrams appeared in the 2008 film Pride and Glory, starring Ed Norton and Colin Farrell.

title: Roz Abrams


text:
Ernie Anastos

Ernie Anastos (born July 12, 1943) is a New York Emmy award winning television news anchor and talk show host on WABC (770 AM) with Positively Ernie focusing on uplifting stories and interviews. He is also a children’s author and host of his own nationally syndicated TV show, Positively America. He has anchored the evening news at three flagship network stations in New York; ABC 7, CBS 2 and FOX 5. In 2017, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio honored Anastos by designating every March 21 to be Ernie Anastos Day.

Anastos is a Hall of Fame Broadcaster and has received more than 30 Emmy awards and nominations, including "Best Newscast in New York" and the Edward R. Murrow Award for broadcast excellence. The New York Times recently described him as "the ubiquitous anchorman." He is an author of career and educational books for young readers. Anastos also is distinguished for being the United States' first Greek-American news anchorman.

Career
Ernie Anastos has been a television news anchor at WABC-TV, WCBS-TV and WNYW-TV in New York. He has covered stories including 9/11 World Trade Center attacks and the 2020 global pandemic. In 2004 from Cuba, he reported on Fidel Castro’s revolutionary reign and has interviewed other noted world leaders including; Presidents Jimmy Carter, George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton, also Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and South African bishop Desmond Tutu.

He has had broadcast ownership of AM and FM radio stations in New York State and New England. He is also the CEO of his own television production company creating entertainment programming. He launched an Internet youth channel and has also published newspapers and magazines. He has performed on-camera roles as himself in Hollywood motion pictures such as the Independence Day, Summer of Sam, Run All Night and The Yards.

After graduating from Northeastern University with BA degree in Sociology, Anastos worked as a newsman at WRKO and WROR in Boston. In 1976, Anastos moved to television, becoming an anchor at WPRI-TV in Providence. In June 1978, WABC-TV in New York hired Anastos and he became anchor of the 11:00 p.m. Eyewitness News broadcast in November. He anchored the 11p.m. broadcast until 1982 Anastos also added the anchor duties for the 5 p.m. newscast WABC-TV.

In 1982 he was replaced on the 5:00 and 11:00 pm newscasts by Tom Snyder, who joined WABC following the cancellation of his NBC late-night program. Anastos would return to anchoring in the late afternoon the following year, with Bill Beutel joining him to anchor a 4:30 pm newscast that failed to find an audience and was cancelled in early 1984; Snyder left WABC shortly thereafter to return to Los Angeles, and Anastos would replace him in his former anchor positions. Anastos again became the anchor of the early evening and late newscasts on WABC-TV, and would hold these positions for another five years.

In May 1989, Anastos announced that he was leaving WABC after eleven years. The next month, he took over as WCBS-TV’s lead anchor and also the 11 p.m. anchor role.

From 1995–2000, Anastos became involved in radio and TV broadcast ownership while also anchoring and hosting various assignments including, WWOR-TV and Lifetime's Our Home.

In 2001, he returned to WCBS-TV as the lead anchor at 5, 6, and 11pm.. He covered The World Trade Center attacks on 9/11.

In 2005, he signed a five-year, $10 million contact with WNYW-TV. At channel 5, he appeared for the news at 5 and 10pm. At that time, Anastos took over the 6p.m. news anchor role on WNYW-TV in 2012 with a newly revamped format to include more live interview segments and positive news stories.

In June 2019, Anastos decided to relinquish his anchoring duties at the WNYW-TV to enroll at Harvard Business School to study a curriculum of leadership and management courses. On-air tributes video was prepared by Fox 5. Anastos is also president of Ernie Anastos World Television, Inc. which has co-produced "New York Star of the Day", "Ernie Anastos in New York" and "Positively Ernie", which all appeared on WNYW-TV in New York.

Awards
He has received 30 Emmy Awards and nominations, including the Emmy Lifetime Award and Edward R. Murrow Award for excellence in writing.

He has been profiled in the International Who’s Who of Intellectuals. A Phi Kappa Phi honouree, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Northeastern University in Boston, where he is a member of the university board. He has completed additional studies at Harvard Business School and holds honorary doctorate degrees from Marist College, Sacred Heart University and New York Institute of Technology. In May 2008, he was also awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Manhattanville College.

On March 21, 2017, Ernie was honoured by New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio, to have March 21 named Ernie Anastos Day in New York City. Other distinguished awards include; Ellis Island Medal of Honor, New Yorker of the Year Manhattan Chamber of Commerce, and a National Father of the Year Award.

Radio ownership
A Saratoga Springs, New York-based radio station WJKE. The partnership, known as the Anastos Media Group, soon bought several other stations in the Capital District of New York State and later entered the eastern New England media market. The daily operations of the group were handled in part by Anastos' daughter Nina. Effective September 7, 2012, the stations—WABY, WQAR, WUAM and its translator W291BY, and WVKZ—were sold to Empire Broadcasting Corporation for $1.2 million.

title: Ernie Anastos


text:
Personal Journals

Personal Journals is the first solo studio album by American rapper Sage Francis. It was released on Anticon in 2002. It peaked at number 8 on CMJ's Hip-Hop chart. As of 2005, it has sold 36,000 units.

Critical reception
Chris Dahlen of Pitchfork gave the album an 8.7 out of 10, saying, "Personal Journals is a success because it turns the self-examination into poetry and then, harder still, turns the poems into great rap." Stanton Swihart of AllMusic gave the album 4 stars out of 5, saying, "The soundscapes that his team of producers came up with are every bit as unorthodox and superlative." Clay Jarvis of Stylus Magazine gave the album a grade of "A−," calling it "the finest hip hop album of this year."

Daniel Thomas-Glass of Dusted Magazine said, "The combination of Sage Francis's boldly self-searching poetry with the beats of some of underground hip hop's most talented producers is out-and-out breathtaking, from the opener 'Crack Pipes,' that brilliantly flips Sixtoo's impossible-to-rhyme-over beat from his instrumental opus The Secrets That Houses Keep, to the closing bars of 'Runaways,' the Joey Beats-produced outro that is quite haunting in its beauty."

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.

 * Sage Francis – vocals, recording, mixing, cover art design
 * Sixtoo – production (1, 2, 11, 15, 16), recording, mixing
 * DJ Mayonnaise – production (3, 4)
 * Jel – production (5, 8)
 * Scott Matelic – production (6)
 * Reanimator – production (7)
 * Alias – production (9)
 * Odd Nosdam – production (10), layout
 * Controller 7 – production (12)
 * Mr. Dibbs – production (14), recording, mixing
 * Joe Beats – production (18)
 * DJ Mek – turntables (3)
 * DJ Signify – turntables (7, 8)
 * Mike 2600 – turntables (7)
 * Grey Matter – turntables (15)
 * Jay Peters – guitar (17)
 * Matt Zimmerman – upright bass (17)
 * Tara – keyboards (17)
 * Matt Coolige – flute (17)
 * Scott Begin – drums (17)
 * Shalem B – turntables (17)
 * Chris Warren – recording, mixing
 * Jonathan Wyman – mastering
 * Kara Healy – photography

title: Personal Journals


text: User talk:63.113.199.109

title: User talk:63.113.199.109


text:
Operation Badr

Operation Badr may refer to:
 * Battle of Badr (624), the armed conflict between Muhammad's Muslim army and Amr ibn Hisham's Mushrikite army
 * Operation Badr (1973), the successful Egyptian military offensive against Israel
 * Operation Badr (1985), the failed Iranian military offensive against Iraq
 * Operation Badr (1999), the failed Pakistani invasion of India's Kargil district in Kashmir
 * Operation Badr (2011), the series of Taliban attacks across Afghanistan

title: Operation Badr


text:
Sitophilus

Sitophilus is a genus of weevils in the tribe Litosomini. Some species are familiar as pests of stored grain, nut, or seed. Notable pest species include the rice weevil (S. oryzae), wheat weevil (S. granarius), and maize weevil (S. zeamais).

Among the Stiophilus are species which destroy stored wheat, rice, sorghum, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, peas, cottonseed, processed cereal products such as pasta, cassava, and fruits such as apples.

Distribution
The rice and maize weevils have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution, occurring throughout the warmer parts of the world. In Europe they are replaced by the temperate Palearctic wheat weevil.

Biology
The adult female weevil bores a hole in a grain, nut, or seed, and deposits an egg, usually one egg per individual grain. She seals the hole with a secretion. The larva develops while feeding on the interior of the grain, and then pupates. It usually leaves the grain completely hollow when it exits as an adult. The wheat weevil can live on acorns, and may have used them as a host before agriculture made grain plentiful. The rice weevil can live on beans, nuts, grains, and some types of fruit, such as grapes. Several other Sitophilus use the acorns of oaks such as bluejack oak (Quercus incana) and moru oak (Q. floribunda). Some use the seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae and the legume family, Fabaceae. The tamarind weevil (S. linearis) is only known from the seeds of tamarind.

Several Sitophilus species are hosts to an intracellular γ-Proteobacterium. Weevil and bacterium have a symbiotic relationship in which the bacterium produces nutrients such as amino acids and vitamins for the host, supplementing its cereal diet.

Diversity
As of 1993, there are about 14 species of Sitophilus.

Species include:
 * Sitophilus conicollis
 * Sitophilus cribrosus
 * Sitophilus erosa
 * Sitophilus glandium
 * Sitophilus granarius – wheat weevil, granary weevil
 * Sitophilus linearis – tamarind weevil
 * Sitophilus oryzae – rice weevil
 * Sitophilus quadrinotatus
 * Sitophilus rugicollis
 * Sitophilus rugosus
 * Sitophilus sculpturatus
 * Sitophilus vateriae
 * Sitophilus zeamais – maize weevil

Fossil taxa include:
 * Sitophilus punctatissimus

title: Sitophilus


text:
Nick Di Paolo

Nicholas Rocco Di Paolo (born 1962 (age 45)) is an American stand-up comedian, writer, actor, radio personality and podcast host. He is the host of The Nick Di Paolo Show podcast, and is best known for his appearances as a regular on Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn, the Comedy Central Roasts, Opie and Anthony, and The Howard Stern Show, as well as recurring roles on Louie and Horace and Pete.

Early life
Di Paolo was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, to parents Nick and Joan Di Paolo. In 1980, after graduating from high school, he attended the University of Maine where he was a running back on the university's football team and graduated in 1984 with a major in marketing. He joined the fraternity Sigma Nu. His brother also attended the university and did play-by-play commentary for the Maine Black Bears hockey team with Gary Thorne.

After graduating, Di Paolo landed several jobs, including office jobs in marketing and as a door-to-door salesman selling meat and seafood. During this time, the stand-up comedy scene in the Boston area had picked up and a friend encouraged Di Paolo to go on stage. Di Paolo was a fan of stand-up and was influenced by watching comedians appear on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, David Letterman on The Mike Douglas Show, Jay Leno on The Merv Griffin Show, and Robert Klein. He had wanted to have a go for several years but "didn't have the guts" but his lack of enjoyment as a salesman "led me to the stage". Di Paolo performed his first routine in the summer of 1986 at an open mic night at Stitches club in Boston, traveling from a family barbecue with "about 22 beers in me". He recalled his five-minute set went "pretty well" and wanted to pursue it full time, but his salesman job required a temporary relocation to Rhode Island. In the spring of 1987, he returned to Boston and started to make regular appearances at local open mic nights.

1980s–1990s
From 1987 to 1992, he worked clubs in the New England area, including the Comedy Vault, the Comedy Connection, and Stitches. Two years in, he did his first gigs in New York City which included a regular spot at Catch a Rising Star. He described his act during this early period as "a rapid fire approach, four or five punches attached to every joke". Upon moving to New York City, Di Paolo's act became more political from reading local newspapers and comparing views of each publication. In his first year as a stand-up comic, he secured Barry Katz as his manager and performed on over 300 nights. Di Paolo went on to live in New York City with comedian Louis C.K. as his roommate.

In 1992, Di Paolo relocated to Los Angeles. While there he developed his stand-up act in local comedy clubs and took on several television and film roles. He went on to make an early appearance on national television on The Arsenio Hall Show and featured on HBO's Young Comedian's Special, which focused on up and coming comics. While in Los Angeles, Di Paolo befriended comedian and actor Artie Lange during an audition for a pilot that had Lange play the lead.

Di Paolo's first stand-up album, Born This Way, was released in 1999 and was recorded at The Comedy Store in La Jolla, California. Its title was suggested by comedian Colin Quinn.

2000s
After five years in Los Angeles, Di Paolo had considered returning to New York City when Chris Rock offered him a writing position on The Chris Rock Show which was based in the city. He accepted, and wrote for two seasons. In 2001, he and the team of writers were nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music, or Comedy Program. It was Di Paolo's second Emmy Award nomination. By 2001, Di Paolo had settled in Queens.

In June 2001, Di Paolo made his first appearance on Late Show with David Letterman and later, filmed promos for the Comedy Central roast of Hugh Hefner. His appearances on The Howard Stern Show soon after led to comedy gigs nationwide with various staff from the show, including Stuttering John and Artie Lange, which further raised his profile.

From 2002 to 2004, Di Paolo was a regular guest on the Comedy Central show Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn. He has appeared on several roasts for the network, including The Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson, The Comedy Central Roast of Denis Leary, The Comedy Central Roast of Jeff Foxworthy and The Comedy Central Roast of Larry the Cable Guy.

In 2004, Di Paolo released his second comedy album, Road Rage. Like his first, it was titled by Quinn. Also that year, he starred in Shorties Watchin' Shorties, an animated comedy series on Comedy Central, alongside Patrice O'Neal. They voice two unsupervised babies who comment on television clips, including performances by fellow stand-up comics. The idea originated from Di Paolo after the network wanted the pair to work together. He has done several Comics Come Home benefit shows.

He was cast as a police officer in Artie Lange's feature film Artie Lange's Beer League and in The Sopranos. He also wrote for the 77th Academy Awards and the MTV Video Music Awards.

From December 2006 to December 2007, Di Paolo hosted an afternoon radio show on WFNY in New York City. He left the station after management decided to change formats. He then took fill in spots on the air, including Jerry Doyle, Dennis Miller, and Dan Patrick. In January 2008, Di Paolo began an occasional online talk show on BlogTalkRadio.

Other television appearances include The Colin Quinn Show on NBC, NewsRadio, Suddenly Susan and The Smoking Gun Presents.

He has been a guest on radio shows, including The Howard Stern Show, Opie and Anthony, and The Dennis Miller Show.

He was cast as the building superintendent on Louis C.K.'s HBO show Lucky Louie, and appeared with a recurring role in Louis C.K.'s FX series Louie.

Di Paolo has done USO tours in Cuba and Japan. In 2008, he performed stand-up for US soldiers in Afghanistan as a part of Operation Mirth, which Lange named and headlined. He was joined by Gary Dell'Abate and Dave Attell.

2010-2018
In April 2011, Di Paolo's special Raw Nerve was released as part of the Comedy Central Presents... series and on the television network Showtime.

In October 2011, Di Paolo launched a syndicated sports entertainment radio show with Lange named The Nick & Artie Show. Di Paolo left in January 2013. Lange continued to host the show with former professional American football player Jon Ritchie that was renamed The Artie Lange Show. In October 2013, Di Paolo launched his weekly podcast, The Nick Di Paolo Podcast, on the Riotcast network. The weekly episodes were free while additional episodes were exclusive to his ConnectPal donators. The podcast ended in April 2018 following his firing from SiriusXM, after 226 episodes. Di Paolo was fired from SiriusXM after he posted comments on his Twitter account which read “School shooters, please confine yourself to coll. campuses, specifically faculty lounges at Berkeley, Fresno State etc.” Di Paolo was subsequently fired, to which Di Paolo responded that Sirius XM had overreacted and his “poorly worded” tweet was only worth a suspension “at best”. In 2014, Di Paolo released his comedy special, Another Senseless Killing. He wanted to film it in an intimate club setting and chose Acme in Minneapolis.

In late 2016, Di Paolo filmed his comedy special entitled Inflammatory. It was released on DVD and digital download in 2017. From May 15, 2017, to April 2018, Di Paolo hosted an evening radio show on the talk/comedy channel Faction Talk on Sirius XM Radio that aired from Monday through Thursday. Excerpts from the show were released as a weekly installment of his podcast, The Nick Di Paolo Podcast. The show was cancelled after Di Paolo had posted comments on his Twitter account that management deemed offensive, and was subsequently fired. Di Paolo maintained that his "poorly worded tweet" should have resulted in a temporary suspension "at best", and that SiriusXM had overreacted.

In March 2018, Di Paolo kicked off his nationwide Nick is Right Tour.

The Nick Di Paolo Show
On July 9, 2018, following Di Paolo's exit from Sirius XM Radio, his launched his new audio and video podcast titled The Nick Di Paolo Show. The one-hour show airs live four days a week from his private studio. The free stream is broadcast live on YouTube, with his premium content released via Patreon. The talk radio-styled podcast sees Di Paolo delve into various topics, including the news, American politics, modern society, race relations, and social justice. Di Paolo occasionally has guests on his show, of which include comedian Kurt Metzger, author A.J. Rice, comedian Colin Quinn, and radio personality Anthony Cumia.

2019-present
On May 6, 2019, Di Paolo released his one-hour comedy special, A Breath of Fresh Air, for free on YouTube. He wanted to release it "without any media/industry filter" that networks such as Netflix or Comedy Central have in place, and his management aimed to present Di Paolo to a wider audience to increase his profile. It was filmed in February 2019 at the Cohoes Music Hall in Cohoes, New York in front of a sold-out crowd. Di Paolo had performed at the venue two years prior and wanted to return to produce a special there.

Since 2021, Di Paolo has been a contributing writer for the Fox News Channel's late night show Gutfeld!, most often providing additional material for host Greg Gutfeld and helping co-write the nightly opening monologues.

In 2022, Di Paolo co-starred in the Louis C.K. film Fourth of July, playing the obnoxious uncle of Joe List.

In March 2023, Di Paolo joined the Mug Club network founded by Steven Crowder, where he will be joined by Alex Jones and Bryan Callen.

Personal life
Di Paolo married his wife Andrea in March 2003. They have been together since 1994. After returning to New York City in the early 2000s, Di Paolo moved to Tarrytown, New York. This was followed by a move to New Castle in Westchester County, New York in 2004. In April 2019, Di Paolo and his wife Andrea moved to Georgia. His father Nicholas G. DiPaolo, a former Marine, died of Alzheimer's disease on June 30, 2020, in Danvers, Massachusetts.

Politics
Di Paolo was mentioned as part of a shock radio "brethren" in a 2007 New York Times article about CBS Radio's decision to fire Don Imus for referring to black college basketball players as "nappy-headed hoes". The article described one of Di Paolo's bits in which he mocked an employee training manual entitled "Words Hurt and Harm", stating, "Right away, we’re starting with a false premise, because words don't hurt".

Comedy specials

 * Born This Way (1999; CD, download)
 * Road Rage (2004; CD, download)
 * Funny, How? (2008 CD, download)
 *  Raw Nerve (2011; DVD, download)
 * Another Senseless Killing (2014; CD, DVD, download)
 * Inflammatory (2017; DVD, download)
 * A Breath of Fresh Air (2019; YouTube)

title: Nick Di Paolo


text:
Showroom

A showroom is a large space used to display products or show entertainment.

Marketing location
A showroom is a large space used to display products for sale, such as automobiles, furniture, appliances, carpet or apparel. It is a retail store of a company in which products are on sale in a space created by their brand or company. A showroom can also be a space for wholesale buyers to view fashion merchandise for sale in their retail stores.

Among the various forms of showroom, one has been increasing significantly. The guide shop model is a strategy that many brands found to be present in both online and physical stores. A guide shop is a kind of showroom where the client can try and feel the products and purchase them to have it delivered on his/her home. Fashion stores are adopting the showrooms such guide shops for immersive brand experience and the vantage of no inventory in the stores. Also, their clients feel more confident before buying the product, decreasing the return rates.

The world's most famous locations for a showroom, generally in the form of a cluster, are the Champs Elysees in Paris and Merchandise Mart in Chicago.

One of the world's largest showrooms is the 35000 m2 BMW showroom in Abu Dhabi. The biggest collection of showrooms is a 216000 m2 car showroom in Istanbul called Autopia Europia.

Entertainment venue
A showroom is a permanent enclosed space used to present a performance. Sometimes it is customized for a particular show; for example, the Las Vegas Hilton showroom used for the rock opera Starlight Express was customized by pouring concrete ramps onto its stage area and in the seating area.

Some showrooms are used daily, while others are only used when a performer is booked to perform. In some cases, a showroom is leased to a performer, who then retains all income rather than being paid by the showroom owner.

Temporary showroom
In fashion capitals such as New York City, Paris, Milan or London one can find temporary showrooms. These places can be rented on a daily or weekly basis. Some temporary showrooms are managed with the help of event management agencies. Most are run and operated by in-house or contracted sale reps in that territory. Temporary showrooms can also be pop-up stores, which are short-term sales spaces.

title: Showroom


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kepple Disney

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 19:21, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

Kepple Disney
Grandparents of famous people are not notable. I think this article has been through VfD before, but I can't find it. RickK 05:37, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Almafeta 05:59, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Please explain your votes. RickK 06:05, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * If you need one: He's notable enough for Wikipedia.  Almafeta 06:08, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * That's not an explanation, that's just a restatement of what you already said. An explanation would state why you think he's notable.Isaac R 01:20, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I think "keep" votes need not be explained - articles are presumptively to be kept, unless they can be shown to lack encyclopedic criteria. The burden is on the person voting "delete" to justify their vote (as I have below). -- BD2412 talk 14:06, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)
 * But that isn't going to convince anyone to change their mind or vote keep; a really cogent explanation might.RJFJR 16:52, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * There's no rule that says you have to explain your votes -- but maybe there should be. Even though we call our opinions "votes", we're not counting heads here. We're supposed to be building a consensus. If people just throw out their opinions without trying to participate in the discussion, they're showing no interest in consensus building. If nobody's interested in consensus building, then we're all wasting our time! Isaac R 01:20, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Guide to Votes for Deletion says, For best results, please show your working to indicate the reasoning underpinning your vote. This allows others to suggest compromises if necessary, or to point out alternative courses of action that might not yet have been considered. It also allows administrators to determine, at the end of the discussion, whether your concerns have been addressed, and whether your comments still apply after a rewrite of or a significant change to the article that occurred subsequently.. RickK 04:11, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. WP is not a geneology database. I can understand royal lineages, but I don't think we need a separate article for each relative of each notable person. Kepple is already mentioned in Elias Disney and Disney family articles and that should be enough. I couldn't find a previous VfD, but noticed that Kepple Disney II has been speedily deleted (valid speedy per CSD #A1). jni 06:27, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this isn't WikiGenealogy.   [  +t,  +c  ] 06:46, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. RickK establishes why. Harro5 08:14, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just because your grandson becomes famous does not automatically make you notable. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 09:08, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not inherently notable. JamesBurns 09:35, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. -- BD2412 talk 14:06, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)
 * Delete. Being related to notable people does not make you notable. Gamaliel 16:40, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge into Walt Disney if so desired. 216.158.31.195 17:07, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable himself. --Etacar11 17:35, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. We don't need geneology info and he's already mentioned elsewhere. Redirect to Disney family if desired. Seems a better idea than redirecting to "Walt Disney". Mgm|(talk) 19:13, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * My bad. Didn't know there was a Disney genealogy. Definitely belongs there, then. 216.158.31.195 20:16, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Wikipedia is not a genealogy site, not even for famous people. Martg76 21:52, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ... whereas Wikitree is a genealogy site. There is a nice shiny entry for Kepple Disney at Wikitree.  This person does not fulfil any of the WP:BIO criteria and this article contains only genealogy. Delete. Uncle G 01:49, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:List of disco artists

We should be using this rather than sniping at each other through edit summaries. To get the ball rolling: I think Cher is disco. Hyacinth 05:39, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Blondie's "Call Me" is definitely a rock song and not a disco song, despite being produced by Giorgio Moroder (although one could make a much better case for "Heart of Glass" and "Atomic" being disco). Abba's "Waterloo" not only predates disco, having been made in 1974, but could not be considered a disco song either ; I'd consider it pop/rock or bubblegum (not in a derogatory sense) perhaps, but not disco.

A, B, C...
errr, isn't it customary to alphabetize individuals by their last name? -- eo 00:57, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * If you've to the time to sort this list from scratch, then be my guest. 84.139.63.79 13:35, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

The general rule is, it's sorted by the first word of the name if it's a group, or by the last name if it's an individual, unless the first name of the group is an article (a, an, or the) in which case the first word is ignored. Thus, The Beatles and The Rolling Stones are sorted under B and R, respectively, not under T. This can be a somewhat humorous problem if you don't realize it's a group, for example, Pablo Cruise is filed under P because it's a group, not a person. Of course, if you don't know that, maybe you shouldn't be alphabetizing rock groups! :) Paul Robinson (Rfc1394) 10:26, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Merge
I'm definitely in favor of merging this article with the A-K & L-Z articles; because it makes more sense to have one big, uniform list rather than these 3 separate lists (besides, the A-K & L-Z lists are not as expansive as this big one).Sgt. Bond 03:22, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Only problem is the A-K article alone is over 35K. Now, what could be done is to have those two articles transcluded into this one and all the content on this page merged to them.  Or this page could be made one huge page with the resultant issue of it being very large.  If it's not over 100K then it probably wouldn't be too bad.  Paul Robinson (Rfc1394) 10:21, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I just opened the article for editing. This article is 82K already; if we add the sub-articles it will probably exceed 150K.  This is a prime indicator that it should be split, and perhaps the subsidiary articles need to be split as well, perhaps split to four sub-articles instead of two.  Thus having it divided into sub articles is the correct method  Paul Robinson (Rfc1394) 10:29, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of disco artists


text:
Government House, Melbourne

Government House is the official residence of the Governor of Victoria, currently Margaret Gardner. It is located in Kings Domain, Melbourne, next to the Royal Botanic Gardens.

Government House was opened in 1876, on land that had originally been set aside in 1841. Previous governors' residences included La Trobe's Cottage (1839–1854), Toorak House (1854–1874), and Bishopscourt (1874–1876). It was designed by William Wardell in the Italianate style, and modelled to some extent on Queen Victoria's Osborne House residence, to which it bears a strong resemblance. Between 1901 and 1930, Government House was used as the official residence of the Governor-General of Australia. This occurred during the period when Canberra was still under construction and Melbourne was designated as the temporary seat of government. Despite Parliament House opening in 1927, the Governor-General did not permanently move to Yarralumla for another three years, at which point Government House was given back to the Victorian government.

History
A large area of land south of the Yarra River was set aside by Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria, Charles La Trobe, in the early 1840s, with part intended for the Royal Botanic Gardens, and the hilltop area for a Government House. A competition in 1853 produced a winning design by Knight & Kerr in Elizabethan style, but was not proceeded with. In 1857, Ferdinand von Mueller, Director of the Gardens, landscaped the whole area as one parkland. Another competition in 1864 was won by Reed & Barnes in Italianate style, but was also not proceeded with.

Eventually a design was prepared by the Chief Architect of the Public Works Department, William Wardell, in a grand Italianate manner, and this was built between 1871 and 1876.

While La Trobe was Lieutenant-Governor he lived in La Trobe's Cottage. Between 1854 and 1874, Governors lived at Toorak House, in the suburb named after it, then briefly at Bishopscourt in East Melbourne until the present Government House was occupied in 1876.

Between the formation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901 and 1927, Government House was the official residence of the governor-general of Australia. When the Federal Parliament commenced sitting in Canberra in 1927, the Governor-General stayed at Government House, Canberra at Yarralumla while Parliament was in session, but also continued living at Government House in Melbourne until 1930. During this period Governors of Victoria lived at Stonington mansion. The House has been in continuous use by the Governors of Victoria since 1934.

Building design
Government House was designed by William Wardell, Inspector General of the Public Works Department, in the Victorian Period Italianate style, and is reminiscent of Queen Victoria's summer residence on the Isle of Wight, Osborne House. The building reflects the optimism of the period, with an economy still growing fast twenty years after the Victorian gold rush.

The main building consists of three parts: the south wing with its extravagant single storey State Ballroom, the formal State rooms, and smaller dining and drawing rooms to the north. Rising from the building is a 145-foot belvedere tower. The mews — a paved area surrounded on three sides by stables and coach houses is nearby.

The garden was designed by John Sayce in 1873 and is thought to be the "most intact 19th century mansion garden remaining in Melbourne" by the Victorian Heritage Register. William Guilfoyle, curator of the Melbourne Botanic Gardens, further refined the original garden design with "many fine mature trees, including conifers, Australian rainforest species and deciduous trees, which are characteristic of the era and which also reflect Guilfoyle’s personal taste.".

title: Government House, Melbourne


text:
Union Dissolution Day

The Union Dissolution Day, observed in Norway on 7 June (though not a public holiday), is marked in remembrance of the Norwegian parliament's 1905 declaration of dissolution of the union with Sweden, a personal union which had existed since 1814. The day is celebrated in Norway as the Independence Day and is an official flag flying day, and is observed with ordinary salute at Akershus Fortress. The Independence Day, however, has few traditions of celebration beyond that.

Royal return after World War II
By historical coincidence, 7 June was also the date in 1940 when King Haakon VII of Norway and the royal family, along with the Norwegian cabinet and parliament, had to leave the country after escaping the German forces during the World War II invasion of Norway; and it is also the date in 1945 on which the King returned after 5 years of exile in London.

title: Union Dissolution Day


text:
Peristoreus

Peristoreus is a weevil genus native to New Zealand. This genus was first described in 1877 by Theodor Franz Wilhelm Kirsch.

Species
Species contained within the genus of Peristoreus are: • Peristoreus acalyptoides (Pascoe, 1876)

• Peristoreus acceptus (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus aciphyllae (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus aericomus (Broun, 1883)

• Peristoreus albisetosus (Broun, 1914)

• Peristoreus altivagans (Broun, 1921)

• Peristoreus anchoralis (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus anxius (Broun, 1893)

• Peristoreus australis (Broun, 1921)

• Peristoreus bicavus (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus castigatus (Broun, 1909)

• Peristoreus celmisiae (Broun, 1917)

• Peristoreus cheesemani (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus confusus (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus consonus (Broun, 1913)

• Peristoreus cordipennis (Broun, 1915)

• Peristoreus crucigerus (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus decussatus (Marshall, 1926)

• Peristoreus difformipes (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus dilucidus (Broun, 1921)

• Peristoreus discoideus (Broun, 1880)

• Peristoreus dolosus (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus durus (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus elegans (Sharp, 1883)

• Peristoreus eustictus (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus exilis (Broun, 1913)

• Peristoreus fascialis (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus femoralis (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus flavitarsis (Broun, 1880)

• Peristoreus floricola (Broun, 1914)

• Peristoreus fulvescens (Broun, 1914)

• Peristoreus fulvus (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus fuscipes (Broun, 1893)

• Peristoreus fusconotatus (Broun, 1880)

• Peristoreus fuscoventris (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus glottis (Pascoe, 1877)

• Peristoreus gracilirostris (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus grossus (Broun, 1893)

• Peristoreus innocens Kirsch, 1877

• Peristoreus insignis (Broun, 1909)

• Peristoreus insolitus (Broun, 1909)

• Peristoreus lateralis (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus leucocomus (Broun, 1921)

• Peristoreus limbatus (Pascoe, 1877)

• Peristoreus maorinus (Broun, 1913)

• Peristoreus melastictus (Broun, 1914)

• Peristoreus melastomus (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus methvenensis (Broun, 1915)

• Peristoreus nesobius (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus nocens (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus obscurus (Broun, 1921)

• Peristoreus ochraceus (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus oleariae (Broun, 1913)

• Peristoreus pardalis (Marshall, 1926)

• Peristoreus pectoralis (Broun, 1914)

• Peristoreus poecilus (Broun, 1921)

• Peristoreus rufirostris (Broun, 1880)

• Peristoreus sexmaculatus (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus spadiceus (Broun, 1909)

• Peristoreus stramineus (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus subconicollis (Broun, 1923)

• Peristoreus sudus (Broun, 1881)

• Peristoreus sylvaticus (Broun, 1914)

• Peristoreus terrestris (Broun, 1914)

• Peristoreus thomsoni (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus titahensis (Broun, 1913)

• Peristoreus trilobus (Pascoe, 1877)

• Peristoreus veronicae (Broun, 1886)

• Peristoreus viridipennis (Broun, 1880)

• Peristoreus vittatus (Broun, 1921)

• Peristoreus xenorhinus (Broun, 1886)

title: Peristoreus


text:
User:Dzzl/Dzzl

what is "dzzl speak"?
some notes by user:dzzl

Dzzl speak, when it comes right down to it, is a bastardized form of English. It is similar to Snoop speak, but has different elements. It is not hard for an English speaker w/ limited exposure to it to understand it if inclined and focused. It functions mostly as a personal, private language which is only understood by a handful of close friends or aquaintances. Intricacy is most advanced among those who make an effort to create intricacy. Induced intricacy leads to reduced intelligibility by outsiders. Social class disparity is usually a decent indicator and often barometer to predict intelligiblity by listeners. Dzzl speak works like many poorer class dialects. Though often a personal code, it can be broad and used with strangers.

Ish (fake science alert) 21:17, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

''see also this list. ''see language game

izzl.

title: User:Dzzl/Dzzl


text:
Allowance

Allowance may refer to:

 * Allowance (engineering), a planned deviation between two dimensions
 * Allowance (money), an amount of money given at regular intervals for a specific purpose
 * Allowance for bad debts in accounting
 * Carbon emission trading as an economic tool in climate change mitigation
 * Emissions trading for pollutants in general

title: Allowance


text:
Talk:Impossible cube

Comments
TODO: I once saw a Linux/X-Windows screen saver that shows a rotating(!) impossible cube. Maybe some one could turn that into an animated GIF and add it to this page? I do not have the technical skills to do so (nor access to Linux at the moment). 195.35.160.133 11:19, 9 October 2007 (UTC) Martin.

Okay, we seem to have a revert war going on here, and I for one can't understand why. The two images keep getting put into reverse order, then fixed, then reversed again. This is silly.

Remember, both of the images float to the right, so the first image in the wikicode ends up the furthest to the right: following the other if you read left-to-right (as most English speakers do). So we end up with "Viewed from another angle, however, the non-impossibility of the shape is apparent -- its cubic nature itself is an illusion. Viewed from a certain angle, this cube appears to defy the laws of physics." which reverses the logical order of the sentences. It makes no sense to have the image revealing the illusion from another angle before the image of the illusion we're describing itself. — Gwalla | Talk 05:43, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * In my browser, the two images appear one on top of the other, no matter how wide I make the page; and the present state (with "impossible_cube_illusion_angle" first) is the one which puts the pictures in the correct order. (I absolutely agree that the image of the illusion must appear first - whatever that means - in the rendered page.)  Zack 07:49, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Two kinds of impossible cube?
I think the impossible cube in the Image:Impossible_cube_illusion_angle.png is not the same type as the one used by Escher in and which I have seen most often (and which I personally prefer). The current image has two "wrong" intersections, whereas Escher's version has only one. Here's a modified version of the figure with only one intersection wrong. Itub 19:42, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Impossible cube


text:
Talk:Nick McDonell

Untitled
It looks like this guy is just using Wikipedia to advertise himself.

 * If he was, he must have forgotten about it. This entry was pretty outdated -- Eeo 14:44, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Probably. He is notable, however, even though he's a manufactured success.

 * Poor guy. If he's not talented, he'll struggle with adjustment for his whole life, and if he is, no one will take him seriously because his family connections literally handed him that first novel. Woe is the manufactured prodigy. Czar Dragon 19:16, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Now now, he can't be too much of what you guys say he is, my high school English class just read his first novel so he must be gaining some support 24.128.122.132 17:37, 6 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't think he's advertising himself either. Actually, I was surprised, that the article on him is such a stub! His book "Twelve" (or its German translation) is quite popular here in Austria (Europe). Regards, --7swords 16:47, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

- I think the author has proven himself, far beyond his initial literary connections. Twelve was a great book, and I'm sure Third Brother is also. These just seem like cries of jealousy from people who have never written anything beyond a book report.

(Jackdelyelis (talk) 15:30, 10 May 2008 (UTC))

(Jackdelyelis (talk) 15:30, 10 May 2008 (UTC))

- Anybody can "prove" themselves once they get a chance. It's getting the chance that is difficult, and McDonell got the chance because of his connections. This is a statement of fact. Jealousy is a completely justifiable reaction from hard-working literary talents without connections who will never see their work in print. It's just naive to think that he got the book published based on talent alone (presuming he had talent to begin with). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.193.25.11 (talk) 16:39, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nick McDonell


text:
Rififi

Rififi (Du rififi chez les hommes) is a 1955 French crime film adaptation of Auguste Le Breton's novel of the same name. Directed by American blacklisted filmmaker Jules Dassin, the film stars Jean Servais as the aging gangster Tony "le Stéphanois", Carl Möhner as Jo "le Suédois", Robert Manuel as Mario Farrati, and Jules Dassin as César "le Milanais". The foursome band together to commit an almost impossible theft, the burglary of an exclusive jewelry shop in the Rue de la Paix. The centerpiece of the film is an intricate half-hour heist scene depicting the crime in detail, shot in near silence, without dialogue or music. The fictional burglary has been mimicked by criminals in actual crimes around the world.

After he was blacklisted from Hollywood, Dassin found work in France where he was asked to direct Rififi. Despite his distaste for parts of the original novel, Dassin agreed to direct the film. He shot Rififi while working with a low budget, without a star cast, and with the production staff working for low wages.

Upon the initial release of the film, it received positive reactions from audiences and critics in France, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The film earned Dassin the award for Best Director at the 1955 Cannes Film Festival. Rififi was nominated by the National Board of Review for Best Foreign Film. Rififi was re-released theatrically in both 2000 and 2015 and is still highly acclaimed by modern film critics as one of the greatest works in French film noir.

Plot
Tony "le Stéphanois", a criminal who has served a five-year prison term for a jewel heist, is out on the street and down on his luck. His friend Jo approaches him about a smash-and-grab proposed by mutual friend Mario in which the trio would cut the glass on a Parisian jeweler's front window in broad daylight and snatch some gems. Tony declines. He then learns that his old girlfriend, Mado, took up in his absence with gangster Parisian nightclub owner Pierre Grutter. Finding Mado working at Grutter's, Tony invites her back to his rundown flat. She is obviously well-kept, and Tony savagely beats her for being so deeply involved with Grutter. Tony changes his mind about the heist; he now accepts on the condition that rather than merely robbing the window, they will take on the more difficult but more lucrative task of robbing the store's safe. Mario suggests they employ the services of Italian compatriot César, a safecracker. The four devise and rehearse an ingenious plan to break into the store and disable its sophisticated alarm system.

The caper begins with the group chiseling through a cement ceiling from an upstairs flat on a Sunday night. The suspenseful break-in is completed, and the criminals appear to escape without leaving any trace of their identities. However, without the others' knowledge, César pocketed a diamond ring as a bauble for his lover Viviane, a chanteuse at Grutter's club. The heist makes headline news and the four men arrange to fence the loot with a London contact. Meanwhile, Grutter has seen Mado and her injuries, and she breaks off their relationship. Infuriated at Tony's interference in his life, Grutter gives heroin to his drug-addicted brother Rémy and tells him to murder Tony. But then, the other Grutter brother, Louis, shows them the diamond César gave to Viviane and they realize that César, Mario, and Tony were responsible for the jewel theft. Grutter forces César to confess. Forsaking a FF10 million police reward, Grutter decides to steal the jewels from Tony's gang, with Rémy brutally murdering Mario and his wife Ida when they refuse to reveal where the loot is hidden. Tony retrieves it from the couple's apartment and anonymously pays for a splendid funeral for them. He then goes looking for Grutter and stumbles onto the captive César, who confesses having squealed. Citing "the rules," Tony ruefully kills him.

Meanwhile, seeking to force their adversaries' hand, Grutter's thugs kidnap Jo's five-year-old son Tonio and hold him for ransom. The London fence arrives with the payoff, after which Tony leaves to single-handedly rescue the child by force, advising Jo it is the only way they will see him alive. With Mado's help, he tracks Tonio down at Grutter's country house and kills Rémy and Louis while rescuing him. On the way back to Paris, Tony learns Jo has cracked under the pressure and agreed to meet Grutter at his house with the money. When Jo arrives Grutter tells him Tony has already snatched the child and kills him. Seconds too late to save his friend, Tony is mortally wounded by Grutter but kills him as Grutter tries to flee with the loot. Bleeding profusely, Tony drives maniacally back to Paris and delivers Tonio home safely before dying at the wheel as police and bystanders close in on him and a suitcase filled with FF120 million in cash. Jo's wife, Louise, takes her child from the car and leaves the suitcase and the body to police.

Cast

 * Jean Servais as Tony "le Stéphanois": A gangster who recently returned from serving five years in prison for jewel theft. The eldest member in on the heist, Tony is godfather of namesake Tonio, son of Jo "le Suédois".
 * Carl Möhner as Jo "le Suédois": A young Swedish gangster Tony took the five-year rap for. Jo invites Tony in on the heist. "Le Suédois" translates to "the Swede" in French.
 * Robert Manuel as Mario Ferrati: A happy-go-lucky Italian gangster who came up with the original idea for a jewel heist.
 * Jules Dassin as César "le Milanais": An expert safecracker hired by Tony with a weakness for women. Dassin played the role under the pseudonym of Perlo Vita.
 * Magali Noël as Viviane: a night-club singer who gets involved with César "le Milanais"; she sings the film's title song.
 * Claude Sylvain as Ida: Mario Ferrati's wife
 * Marcel Lupovici as Pierre Grutter: Leader of the Grutter gang and owner of the night-club L'Âge d'Or.
 * Robert Hossein as Rémy Grutter: A member of the Grutter gang, addicted to heroin.
 * Pierre Grasset as Louis Grutter: A member of the Grutter gang.
 * Marie Sabouret as Mado: The former lover of Tony "le Stéphanois".
 * Dominique Maurin as Tonio, the young son of Jo "le Suédois".
 * Janine Darcey as Louise, Jo's wife and the mother of Tonio.

Development
The film Rififi was originally to be directed by Jean-Pierre Melville, a later luminary of the heist film genre. Melville gave his blessing to American director Jules Dassin when the latter asked for his permission to take the helm. It was Dassin's first film in five years. He had been blacklisted in Hollywood after fellow director Edward Dmytryk named him a Communist to the House Committee on Un-American Activities in April 1951. Subsequently, Dassin attempted to rebuild his career in Europe. Several such film projects were stopped through long-distance efforts by the US government. Dassin attempted a film L'Ennemi public numero un, which was halted after stars Fernandel and Zsa Zsa Gabor withdrew under American pressure. An attempt to film an adaptation of Giovanni Verga's Mastro don Gesualdo in Rome was halted by the US Embassy. Dassin received an offer from an agent in Paris, France where he met producer Henri Bérard who had acquired the rights to Auguste Le Breton's popular crime novel Du Rififi chez les hommes. Bérard chose Dassin due to the major success in France of Dassin's previous film The Naked City.

Using his native English, Dassin wrote the screenplay to Rififi in six days with the help of screenwriter René Wheeler, who subsequently took the material and translated it to French. Dassin hated the novel; he was repelled by the story's racist theme in which the rival gangsters were dark Arabs and North Africans pitted against light-skinned Europeans. As well, the book portrayed disquieting events such as necrophilia—scenes that Dassin did not know how to bring to the big screen. Bérard suggested making the rival gang Americans, assuming Dassin would approve. Dassin was against this idea as he didn't want to be accused of taking oblique revenge on screen. Dassin downplayed the rival gangsters' ethnicity in his screenplay, simply electing the Germanic "Grutter" as surname. The greatest change from the book was the heist scene, which spanned but ten pages of the 250-page novel. Dassin focused his screenplay on it to get past other events he did not know what to do with. As produced, the scene takes a quarter of the film's running time and is shot with only natural sound, with no spoken words or music.

Filming
Working with a budget of $200,000, Dassin could not afford top stars for the film. To carry the lead role, Dassin selected Jean Servais, an actor whose career had slumped due to alcoholism. For Italian gangster Mario Ferrati, Dassin cast Robert Manuel after seeing him perform a comic role as a member of Comédie-Française. After a suggestion made by the wife of the film's producer, Dassin cast Carl Möhner as Jo the Swede. Dassin would use Möhner again in his next film He Who Must Die. Dassin himself played the role of the Italian safecracker César the Milanese. Dassin explained in an interview that he "had cast a very good actor in Italy, whose name escapes me, but he never got the contract!...So I had to put on the mustache and do the part myself". Rififi was filmed during the wintertime in Paris and used real locations rather than studio sets. Due to the low budget, the locations were scouted by Dassin himself. Dassin's fee for writing, directing, and acting was US$8,000. Dassin's production designer, to whom he referred as "one of the greatest men in the history of cinema", was Alexandre Trauner. Out of friendship for Dassin, Trauner did the film for very little money. Dassin argued with his producer Henri Bérard on two points: Dassin refused to shoot the film when there was sunlight claiming that he "just wanted grey"; and there were to be no fist fights in the film. Such fight scenes had been important to the popular success in France of the Lemmy Caution film series.

Rififi's heist scene was based on an actual burglary that took place in 1899 along Marseille's cours St-Louis. A gang broke into the first floor offices of a travel agency, cutting a hole in the floor and using an umbrella to catch the debris in order to make off with the contents of the jeweler's shop below. The scene where Tony regretfully chooses to kill César for his betrayal of the thieves' code of silence was filmed as an allusion to how Dassin and others felt after finding their contemporaries willing to name names in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee. This act was not in the original novel.

Music and title
Georges Auric was hired as the composer for the film. Dassin and Auric originally could not agree about scoring the half-hour caper scene. After Dassin told Auric he did not want music, Auric claimed he would "protect [him]. I'm going to write the music for the scene anyways, because you need to be protected". After filming was finished, Dassin showed the film to Auric once with music and once without. Afterward, Auric agreed the scene should be unscored.

In 2001, Dassin admitted that he somewhat regretted the Rififi theme song, utilized only to explain the film's title which is never mentioned by any other film characters. The title (World War I French military slang) is almost un-translatable into English; the closest attempts have been "rough and tumble" and "pitched battle." Dassin mistakenly thought the author had created the word himself to refer to Moroccan Berbers because of the Rif War. The song was written in two days by lyricist Jacques Larue and composer Philippe-Gérard after Dassin turned down a proposal by Louiguy. Magali Noël was cast as Viviane, who sings the film's theme song. Noël would later act for Italian director Federico Fellini, appearing in three of his films.

Release
Rififi debuted in France on 13 April 1955. The film was banned in some countries due to its heist scene, referred to by the Los Angeles Times reviewer as a "master class in breaking and entering as well as filmmaking". The Mexican interior ministry banned the film because of a series of burglaries mimicking its heist scene. Rififi was banned in Finland in 1955 and released in severely cut form in 1959 with an additional tax because of its content. In answer to critics who saw the film as an educational process that taught people how to commit burglary, Dassin claimed the film showed how difficult it was to actually carry out a crime. Rififi was a popular success in France which led to several other Rififi films based on le Breton's stories. These films include Du rififi chez les femmes (1959), Du rififi à Tokyo (1963), and Du rififi à Paname (1966). On its United Kingdom release, Rififi was paired with the British science fiction film The Quatermass Xperiment as a double bill; this went on to be the most successful double-bill release in UK cinemas in all of 1955. The film was offered distribution in the United States on the condition that Dassin renounce his past, declaring that he was duped into subversive associations. Otherwise, his name would be removed from the film as the writer and director. Dassin refused and the film was released by United Artists who set up a dummy corporation as the distributing company. The film was distributed successfully in America with Dassin listed in the credits; in this way he was the first to break the Hollywood blacklist. Rififi was released in the United States first with subtitles and then later with an English dub under the title Rififi...Means Trouble!. The film was challenged on release by The Roman Catholic Legion of Decency; as a result, the film suffered three brief cuts, and opened with a title card quoting the Book of Proverbs stating "When the wicked are multiplied, crime shall be multiplied: but the just shall see their downfall". After this change, the film passed with a B rating. In 2005, Variety announced that Stone Village Pictures had acquired the remake rights to Rififi, the producers intending to place the film in a modern setting with Al Pacino taking the lead role.

Home media
In North America, Rififi has been released on both VHS and DVD. The VHS print has been reviewed negatively by critics. Roger Ebert referred to it as "shabby" while Bill Hunt and Todd Doogan, the authors of The Digital Bits Insider's Guide to DVD, referred to the VHS version as "horrible" and with "crappy subtitles". The Criterion Collection released a DVD version of the film on 24 April 2001. In the United Kingdom, Rififi was released on DVD by Arrow Films on 21 April 2003, and on Region B Blu-ray by the same publisher on 9 May 2011. The film was released to Blu-Ray and re-released to DVD in Region 1 by Criterion on 14 January 2014.

Critical reception
Upon its original release, film critic and future director François Truffaut praised the film, stating that "Out of the worst crime novel I ever read, Jules Dassin has made the best crime film I've ever seen" and "Everything in Le Rififi is intelligent: screenplay, dialogue, sets, music, choice of actors. Jean Servais, Robert Manuel, and Jules Dassin are perfect." French critic André Bazin said that Rififi brought the genre a "sincerity and humanity that break with the conventions of a crime film, and manage to touch our hearts". In the February 1956 issue of the French film magazine Cahiers du cinéma, the film was listed as number thirteen in the top twenty films of 1955. The film was well received by British critics who noted the film's violence on its initial release. The Daily Mirror referred to the film as "brilliant and brutal" while the Daily Herald made note that Rififi would "make American attempts at screen brutality look like a tea party in cathedral city". The American release of the film also received acclaim. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times referred to the film as "perhaps the keenest crime film that ever came from France, including "Pépé le Moko" and some of the best of Louis Jouvet and Jean Gabin." The National Board of Review nominated the film as the Best Foreign Film in 1956.

Rififi was re-released for a limited run within America on 21 July 2000 in a new 35 mm print containing new, more explicit subtitles that were enhanced in collaboration with Dassin. The film was received very well by American critics on its re-release. The film ranking website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 93% of critics had given the film positive reviews, based upon a sample of 41. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film has received an average score of 97, based on 13 reviews. Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times wrote the film was the "benchmark all succeeding heist films have been measured against... It's a film whose influence is hard to overstate, one that proves for not the last time that it's easier to break into a safe than fathom the mysteries of the human heart." Lucia Bozzola of the online database Allmovie gave the film the highest possible rating of five stars, calling it "The pinnacle of heist movies" and "not only one of the best French noirs, but one of the top movies in the genre." In 2002, critic Roger Ebert added the film to his list of "Great Movies" stating "echoes of [Rififi] can be found from Kubrick's The Killing to Tarantino's Reservoir Dogs. They both owe something to John Huston's The Asphalt Jungle (1950), which has the general idea but not the attention to detail." Rififi placed at number 90 on Empire's list of The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema.

Among negative reviews of the film, Dave Kehr of the Chicago Reader felt that "the film turns moralistic and sour in the last half, when the thieves fall out." The critic and director Jean-Luc Godard regarded the film negatively in comparison to other French crime films of the era, noting in 1986 that "today it can't hold a candle to Touchez pas au grisbi which paved the way for it, let alone Bob le flambeur which it paved the way for."

title: Rififi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Geoffrey S. Gilpin

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 19:23, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

Geoffrey S. Gilpin
This page appeat to be an orphan about a non encyclopedic person.
 * Delete. Looks like a failed attempt to get into BJAODN.  Almafeta 06:01, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Concur with Almafeta. --Idont Havaname 06:47, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Exact article title gets no Google results. "Geoff Gilpin" gets 189; "Geoffrey Gilpin", 4. --Idont Havaname 06:49, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This "theory" also gets zero Google hits. Too boring for BJAODN. jni 07:04, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 09:35, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. non-n.  216.158.31.195 17:06, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete neither he nor his theory appear notable. --Etacar11 17:44, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
SunTour

SR Suntour (stylized as SR SUNTOUR) is a Taiwanese manufacturer of bicycle components, formed in 1988 when Osaka based SunTour (Maeda) went bankrupt and was purchased by Sakae Ringyo Company (abbreviated S.R.), a major Japanese maker of aluminum parts, particularly cranks and seat posts. SunTour's sales and commercial success peaked from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s.

SR Suntour maintains manufacturing in Taiwan and mainland China. Its products range from suspension forks to e-bike components such as motors and battery packs.

Maeda Iron Works Company
Begun in 1912 as Maeda Iron Works Company manufacturing freewheels and sprockets, the company concentrated on producing bicycle gearing components.

In the 1950s, the company began producing its version of pull-chain, rod-guided, touring derailleurs, similar to those of French derailleur companies such as Huret and Simplex.

SunTour
In 1964, Suntour invented the slant-parallelogram rear derailleur. The parallelogram rear derailleur had gained prominence after Campagnolo's introduction of the "Gran Sport" in 1949, and the slant-parallelogram was an improvement of it that allowed the derailleur to maintain a more constant distance from the sprockets, resulting in easier shifting. The SunTour derailleur cost less than Campagnolo, Huret, Shimano, or Simplex and it performed especially well shifting under load, as when changing to a lower gear while pedaling up a steep incline. A contemporary Consumer Reports test reported that "SunTour was far and away the easiest to shift and the most certain of arriving at the right sprocket."

Suntour's slant-parallelogram, spring-loaded top pivot rear derailleur provided the best shifting on the market. When Suntour's rear derailleur patent expired, the design was promptly copied by Shimano. In 1969, SunTour was the first Japanese gear and shifter manufacturer to introduce indexed shifting on bicycles (indexed shifting appeared at least as early as the Funiculo derailleur fitted to 1935 Schulz bicycles ). Although their system, called Five-Speed Click, worked well, it proved an idea ahead of its time and did not catch on with the riding public. Another design innovation was the first practical Japanese freehub — the Unit-Hub - which combined freewheel and hub in one component (unit hubs were available at least as early as the 1938 Bayliss-Wiley, probably earlier ). The freehub greatly increased the strength of the rear wheel, but the idea was not pursued.

In the early 1970s, demand created by the bike boom in the United States exceeded the capacity of European manufacturers. SunTour and Shimano filled the vacuum. SunTour focused on refining existing systems and designs for mid-level and high-end products. Like Shimano, SunTour initially did not sell complete group-sets, so it teamed with other parts makers, such as Sugino for cranksets and Dia-Compe for brakes, so it could sell a complete line of SunTour branded components. Under these types of production agreements, companies did not have design control; if a cooperating component manufacturer decided not to upgrade or redesign its products, SunTour could do little about it. Shimano decided to greatly expand its research and development staff to 200 employees, enabling the company to end its component marketing agreements in order to produce hubs, pedals, brakes, and other components on its own in competition with its former partners. In comparison, SunTour chose to continue with its existing research and development staff of some 20 persons, and remained primarily a bicycle gear and shifter manufacturer.

Unlike other bicycle component manufacturers, Suntour did not charge what the market would bear, but instead charged a price that covered costs of production plus a small profit markup. As a result, a Suntour derailleur costing $10 competed against similar level products from Campagnolo ($40) and Shimano ($20). As Suntour derailleurs and shifters could be specified on many more low- and mid-priced bicycles, the company gained a reputation with the general public as a producer of only low-end equipment. This reputation would eventually hurt sales when Suntour introduced a complete high-end component group, Superbe Pro.

Despite emerging problems, Suntour continued to achieve a number of innovations, particularly in components for mountain bikes. In partnership with Sugino, it introduced the 110/74mm BCD five-bolt triple crankset for mountain bikes, which soon became an industry standard. Next was the introduction of the Micro Drive 94/56mm BCD five-bolt compact mountain bike crankset, which saved weight, increased ground clearance, and permitted lower gearing for hill-climbing. New, short-cage rear derailleurs were provided to go with the Micro Drive cassette-type cogsets. The new system was very popular, and Shimano adopted the compact drive concept two years later. SunTour's new thumb and trigger shifters made shifting more convenient when riding off-pavement.

The company's decision to limit funding and staff for research and development caused running issues with new products. The first sign of trouble came with returns on SunTour's SR MounTech rear derailleur, caused by failures of the innovative spring-loaded jockey wheel that was fitted with a seal that proved inadequate to keep out dirt and mud. In road bicycle components, the company fared no better. SunTour had introduced the SuperbeTech derailleur in 1983 with a streamlined, enclosed parallelogram. However, the design was too fragile, with internal pivots and the return spring failing frequently. It took special tools to repair and reassemble a SuperbeTech derailleur, resulting in many unhappy customers. SunTour no longer had the resources to debug prototype designs before introducing them to the market, which cost the company in returns, repairs, and damaged reputation.

Another blow came when the yen was revalued in 1985. SunTour could no longer compete on costs with a slew of manufacturers producing in Taiwan and other lower labor-cost countries. Existing orders had been written in foreign currencies, rather than yen, so SunTour suffered a major loss. It had to borrow additional cash to finance a transfer of manufacturing facilities to Taiwan, as well as begin development of new mountain bike components.

In 1987, SunTour introduced its new attempt at an indexed shifting system, AccuShift. AccuShift came late to the market to compete with Shimano's new SIS system introduced two years before, which cost SunTour dearly. With two years of lead time, Shimano could afford to require that bicycle manufacturers equip their bikes with complete SIS shifting systems, minimizing problems with product compatibility. SunTour, on the other hand, desperately needed orders, so the company could not insist on complete SunTour component groups that had been tested to ensure compatibility with AccuShift. As a consequence, major bicycle manufacturers such as Schwinn and Raleigh installed Accu-Shift on low-end bikes using inventories of older freewheels, hubs, cables, cable housings, and chains from other manufacturers. The practice resulted in a mismatched 'system' that did not provide the critical tolerances needed for reliable indexed shifting.

SR-SunTour
In 1987, Japanese engineering company Mori Industries Inc. (with manufacturing plants in Taiwan) bought Sakae Ringyo Company.

In 1988 the SunTour name was purchased and revived by Sakae Ringyo Company, (now owned by Mori Industries Inc.) with a capital investment of 45,000,000 NT$ in Tokyo, Japan, thus becoming SR-SunTour. The new SR-SunTour parts are not compatible with the original SunTour parts.

By 1993, SunTour's share of the market had dropped to five per cent of the U.S. market. At the end of 1994, Mori decided to shut down their bicycle component business. In March 1995 Daisuke Kobayashi and Hideo Hashizume, the former owners of Sakae Ringyo, arranged a management buyout. The new management took over in July, 1995, purchasing the SunTour name and the SR factory in Taiwan. Mori Industries left the bicycle component business, selling off SunTour's Japanese facilities piecemeal and closing its U.S. offices in early 1995.

SR Suntour re-established a US presence in 2011 as SR SUNTOUR North America Inc. In 2018 they reported experiencing 'Tremendous growth' and moved into a larger facility in Ridgefield, Washington.

Until 2011 the company was manufacturing forks for Italian suspension company Marzocchi.

SunXCD
In 2012, Junzo Kawai, former president of SunTour Japan, returned to bicycle component manufacturing with a new company called SunXCD. Two years later, at age 94, he died and company president Taki Takimoto took his place as chairman. The new company makes mainly retro components, such as high flange hubs in 120mm, 126mm, and 130mm sizes, and TA cyclotourist-style cranksets.

title: SunTour