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Electric-field integral equation

The electric-field integral equation is a relationship that allows the calculation of an electric field ($E$) generated by an electric current distribution ($J$).

Derivation
When all quantities in the frequency domain are considered, a time-dependency $$e^{jwt}$$ that is suppressed throughout is assumed.

Beginning with the Maxwell equations relating the electric and magnetic field, and assuming a linear, homogeneous media with permeability $$\mu$$ and permittivity $$\varepsilon\,$$: $$\begin{align} \nabla \times \mathbf{E} &= -j \omega \mu \mathbf{H} \\[1ex] \nabla \times \mathbf{H} &= j \omega \varepsilon \mathbf{E} + \mathbf{J} \end{align}$$

Following the third equation involving the divergence of $H$ $$\nabla \cdot \mathbf{H} = 0\,$$ by vector calculus we can write any divergenceless vector as the curl of another vector, hence $$\nabla \times \mathbf{A} = \mathbf{H}$$ where A is called the magnetic vector potential. Substituting this into the above we get $$\nabla \times (\mathbf{E} + j \omega \mu \mathbf{A}) = 0$$ and any curl-free vector can be written as the gradient of a scalar, hence $$\mathbf{E} + j \omega \mu \mathbf{A} = - \nabla \Phi $$ where $$\Phi$$ is the electric scalar potential. These relationships now allow us to write $$\nabla \times \nabla \times \mathbf{A} - k^2\mathbf{A} = \mathbf{J} - j \omega \varepsilon \nabla \Phi $$ where $$k = \omega \sqrt{\mu \varepsilon}$$, which can be rewritten by vector identity as $$\nabla (\nabla \cdot \mathbf{A}) - \nabla^2 \mathbf{A} - k^2 \mathbf{A} = \mathbf{J} - j \omega \varepsilon \nabla \Phi $$

As we have only specified the curl of $A$, we are free to define the divergence, and choose the following: $$\nabla \cdot \mathbf{A} = - j \omega \varepsilon \Phi \,$$ which is called the Lorenz gauge condition. The previous expression for $A$ now reduces to $$\nabla^2 \mathbf{A} + k^2\mathbf{A} = -\mathbf{J}\,$$ which is the vector Helmholtz equation. The solution of this equation for $A$ is $$\mathbf{A}(\mathbf{r}) = \frac{1}{4 \pi} \int \mathbf{J}(\mathbf{r}^{\prime}) \ G(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{r}^{\prime}) \, d\mathbf{r}^{\prime} $$ where $$G(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{r}^{\prime})$$ is the three-dimensional homogeneous Green's function given by $$G(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{r}^{\prime}) = \frac{e^{-j k \left|\mathbf{r} - \mathbf{r}^{\prime}\right|}}{\left|\mathbf{r} - \mathbf{r}^{\prime}\right|}$$

We can now write what is called the electric field integral equation (EFIE), relating the electric field $E$ to the vector potential A $$\mathbf{E} = -j \omega \mu \mathbf{A} + \frac{1}{j \omega \varepsilon} \nabla (\nabla \cdot \mathbf{A})\,$$

We can further represent the EFIE in the dyadic form as $$\mathbf{E} = -j \omega \mu \int_V d \mathbf{r}^{\prime} \mathbf{G}(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{r}^{\prime}) \cdot \mathbf{J}(\mathbf{r}^{\prime}) \,$$ where $$\mathbf{G}(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{r}^{\prime})\,$$ here is the dyadic homogeneous Green's Function given by $$\mathbf{G}(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{r}^{\prime}) = \frac{1}{4 \pi} \left[ \mathbf{I}+\frac{\nabla \nabla}{k^2} \right] G(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{r}^{\prime}) $$

Interpretation
The EFIE describes a radiated field $E$ given a set of sources $J$, and as such it is the fundamental equation used in antenna analysis and design. It is a very general relationship that can be used to compute the radiated field of any sort of antenna once the current distribution on it is known. The most important aspect of the EFIE is that it allows us to solve the radiation/scattering problem in an unbounded region, or one whose boundary is located at infinity. For closed surfaces, it is possible to use the Magnetic Field Integral Equation or the Combined Field Integral Equation, both of which result in a set of equations with improved condition number compared to the EFIE. However, the MFIE and CFIE can still contain resonances.

In scattering problems, it is desirable to determine an unknown scattered field $$E_{s}$$ that is due to a known incident field $$E_{i}$$. Unfortunately, the EFIE relates the scattered field to $J$, not the incident field, so we do not know what $J$ is. This sort of problem can be solved by imposing the boundary conditions on the incident and scattered field, allowing one to write the EFIE in terms of $$E_{i}$$ and $J$ alone. Once this has been done, the integral equation can then be solved by a numerical technique appropriate to integral equations such as the method of moments.

title: Electric-field integral equation


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User talk:Sparky132

Welcome!
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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 18:23, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Sparky132


text:
Henleaze

Henleaze is a northern suburb of the city of Bristol in South West England.

It is an almost entirely residential inter-war development, with Edwardian streets on its southern fringes. Its main neighbours are Westbury on Trym, Horfield, Bishopston and Redland.

Until 2016 Henleaze was the name of a ward for Bristol City Council, which included Golden Hill and Westbury Park as well as Henleaze. Henleaze is now part of the Westbury-on-Trym and Henleaze ward.

History
The name of Henleaze probably derives from a Robert Henley, who in 1659 bought a property which became known as Henley's House and later as Henleaze Park. The area was a rural part of the parish of Westbury on Trym until 1896, when land between Henleaze Road and Durdham Down was sold for development. Most of the rest of the area was developed in the 1920s.

Politics
Henleaze is in the Bristol North West constituency, and the MP for the area is Darren Jones, for Labour. There are three seats on Bristol City Council for the Westbury-on-Trym & Henleaze ward, all three held by the Conservatives. Up until the early 1990s, it was a solid Conservative area, however The Liberal Democrats established a more solid position up until 2006, when it began to swing back to the Conservatives. In the 2009 elections, when the Liberal Democrats took control of the City Council, Liz Radford a local campaigner achieved an unprecedented swing in the ward for the Conservatives. Henleaze would have fallen to them if the swing had been just 1.5% higher.

Henleaze is one of the most affluent areas of the city. Among the thirty-five wards into which Bristol is divided, it had the fifth lowest proportion of people in routine and semi-routine occupations, according to the 2001 census, and the fifth highest proportion with higher education qualifications.

Amenities
Henleaze Lake, a flooded former quarry on the northern edge of Henleaze near Southmead and Westbury on Trym, is owned by the Charity (No 1132633) "Henleaze Swimming Club" since 2009 and celebrated its Centenary in 2019

The other former quarry was filled in and made into a park, now known as Old Quarry Park. It was recently renovated with the help of a grant from the National Lottery for the provision of play equipment, seating and flower beds.

Henleaze also features newsagents, bakeries, supermarkets and charity-shops, as well as a library, the Orpheus cinema which is run by 'King' Harold and Scott Cinemas and the Den (Est 2007). Henleaze Old Boys Cricket Club was formed in 2005 and play at the neighbouring Golden Hill Cricket ground. The membership of the club is primarily former Henleaze Junior School pupils. There is also a thriving Tennis Club based in Tennessee Grove with 4 outdoor courts and planning permission for floodlighting one has recently been granted.

The Henleaze Society is a local charitable amenity group, whose activities include a newsletter, monitoring planning applications and developments in transport and traffic, campaigning for and contributing to Bristol City Council's neighbourhood character appraisal of Henleaze and purchasing and maintaining a public defibrillator. In 1997 they named a small alley "Dogsmess Alley" in an attempt to highlight a fouling problem there.

Churches
Henleaze parish church, St Peter's, was designed and built in 1926 by A. V. Gough. Trinity-Henleaze United Reformed Church was built in 1907 (as Henleaze Congregational Church) and designed by Frank Wills, who designed many Bristol churches.

Listed buildings

 * St Ursula's High School in Brecon Road dates from the mid 19th century and is grade II listed.
 * 12 The Drive, Greystone House is grade II listed.
 * The Old Lodge built circa 1810 is grade II listed.
 * Shown under Listed Buildings and Structures 10 metres south of 14 Eastfield Local Hand Pump - Mid C19 cast iron. Round shaft and a long curved handle with a ball end is grade II listed.
 * 20 Eastfield is grade II listed.
 * 10 Eastfield is grade II listed.

title: Henleaze


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Talk:Virginia–Highland

Without reading the referenced website nor the previous wiki article, I wrote a new article in Temp. jolomo

It is Virginia-Highland. It is never "the Highlands".

This article needs a lot of work. Virginia-Highlands is one of Atlanta's most walkable, historic communities. There is minimal architectural text, virtually no text on it's commerical strips (that are well-known), etc.. I have never, ever, ever heard it referred to as VH or Va Hi (and suspect it's a rogue post), the obscure music groups are surprising in terms of their prominent placement in he article and the above post is correct - it is never referred to as "the Highlands". It needs balance - badly needs a major rewrite.--Geo30030 (talk) 20:46, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

I agree that the band stuff is a bit dodgy. I almost removed it today, but decided to wait for further comment. I encourage its removal, however.

I have heard Virginia-Highland referred to as "Va-Hi," and I'm pretty sure I've heard references to "the Highlands" (although I believe I have heard it only by newcomers to the city and not by people familiar with the area). I've never heard "VH."

JoeDeRose

I live in this neighborhood and regularly call it "The Highlands." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.99.22.107 (talk) 22:34, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

I live in this are as well, and have have called it "the Highlands" from time to time. Additionally, I've seen VaHi in writing, but never as a spoken name. Pedro441 —Preceding undated comment added 12:31, 18 June 2009 (UTC).

I have completely rewritten the article and believe it's now meaty and balances. I am taking out the flag from the article. Hope that's OK.

Keizers (talk) 13:38, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 7 external links on Virginia–Highland. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110930085606/http://www.atlantamagazine.com/features/neighborhoods/home.aspx to http://www.atlantamagazine.com/features/neighborhoods/home.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040602180005/http://www.vahi.org/pdfs/history.pdf to http://www.vahi.org/pdfs/history.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120331213837/http://citycouncil.atlantaga.gov/2008/minutes/fcm1201.htm to http://citycouncil.atlantaga.gov/2008/minutes/fcm1201.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110716061321/http://www.atlantaga.gov/government/planning/neighborhoodlist.aspx to http://www.atlantaga.gov/government/planning/neighborhoodlist.aspx
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110721135747/http://www.inmanmiddleschool.org/joomlaroot/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=5&id=17&Itemid=30 to http://www.inmanmiddleschool.org/joomlaroot/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=5&id=17&Itemid=30
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title: Talk:Virginia–Highland


text:
European Executive

European Executive was a British airline based in Shoreham, United Kingdom. It operated scheduled passenger flights and corporate, pleasure and freight flights. Its main base was Shoreham (Brighton City) Airport.

Services
European Executive operated charter flights throughout Europe. It then evolved to a scheduled airline, most commonly to Rouen, Guernsey, Le Touquet and Jersey. It was managed by one Dave Chowen, an ex British Airways captain.

title: European Executive


text:
Zheng Keshuang

Zheng Keshuang, Prince of Yanping (13 August 1670 – 22 September 1707), courtesy name Shihong, art name Huitang, was the third and last ruler of the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan in the 17th century. He was the second son of Zheng Jing and a grandson of Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong). After surrendering to the Qing dynasty in 1683, he was ennobled as Duke of Hanjun (漢軍公), and lived the rest of his life in Beijing.

Biography
Zheng Keshuang was born in of the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan; the administrative centre of Chengtian Prefecture was at Fort Provintia. His father was Zheng Jing, the king of Tungning and the eldest son of Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong), the founder of Tungning. His biological mother was Lady Huang (黃氏), Zheng Jing's concubine.

When Zheng Jing was leading a campaign against the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in China in the late 1670s, he designated his elder son, Zheng Kezang, as his heir apparent and put him in charge of Tungning's internal affairs. At the same time, he also arranged marriages between his two sons and the daughters of two of his most trusted officials: Zheng Kezang married the daughter of Chen Yonghua, while Zheng Keshuang married the daughter of Feng Xifan.

Zheng Jing returned to Tungning in 1680 from a failed campaign against the Qing Empire. In the same year, Chen Yonghua died after he was ousted from the political arena by his rivals, Feng Xifan and Liu Guoxuan (劉國軒). Zheng Jing died a year later in Chengtian Prefecture. After Zheng Jing's death, Feng Xifan allied with Liu Guoxuan, Zheng Cong (鄭聰) and others to slander Zheng Kezang in front of Queen Dowager Dong, Zheng Jing's mother. They claimed that Zheng Kezang was not Zheng Jing's biological son, and launched a coup to kill Zheng Kezang and seize power. Following the coup, a 12-year-old Zheng Keshuang was installed on the throne as the ruler of Tungning under the title "Prince of Yanping" (延平王). After his accession to the throne, Zheng Keshuang rewarded the officials who supported him in the coup by granting them nobility titles. He also gave posthumous honorary titles to his ancestors.

In 1683, the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty ordered Shi Lang to lead a naval fleet to attack and conquer Tungning. Shi Lang and his fleet defeated the Tungning forces, led by Liu Guoxuan, at the Battle of Penghu. After the battle, the Tungning royal court split into two factions, with one advocating war and the other advocating surrender. The "war" faction was led by Zheng Dexiao (鄭得瀟), Huang Liangji (黃良驥), Xiao Wu (蕭武) and Hong Gongzhu (洪拱柱), while the "surrender" faction was led by Feng Xifan and Liu Guoxuan. Zheng Keshuang heeded Feng and Liu's advice. On 5 July 1683, Feng Xifan ordered Zheng Dexiao to write a surrender document to the Qing Empire. About ten days later, Feng sent Zheng Keshuang to meet Shi Lang. On 13 August, Shi Lang entered Taiwan and received the official surrender, the Ming Dynasty Zheng family perished..

Noble titles were given to the dynasts and officers of the formerly reigning House of Koxinga. Zheng Keshuang and his family were taken to the Qing imperial capital, Beijing, to meet the Kangxi Emperor. The emperor made Zheng Keshuang a member of the Plain Yellow Banner and awarded him the hereditary title Duke of Hanjun (漢軍公; lit. "the duke of Han Eight Banners"). Some former Tungning military units, such as the rattan shield troops, were inducted into the Qing military and deployed in the battle against Russian Cossacks at Albazin.

Zheng Keshuang died of illness in 1707 in Beijing at the age of 37. His younger brother, Zheng Kexue (鄭克壆), was ordered by the Qing government to bury the remains of Zheng Chenggong and Zheng Jing in Quanzhou, Fujian – the ancestral home of the House of Koxinga. Zheng Keshuang's mother, Lady Huang, tried to seek assistance from the Qing government to return their family property in Fujian to them, which was annexed by local officials, but she failed. Later, during the reign of Yongzheng Emperor, the remaining family of Zheng's was reassigned to Plain Red Banner.

Descendants
Zheng Keshuang was survived by three sons: Zheng Anfu (鄭安福), Zheng Anlu (鄭安祿), and Zheng Ankang (鄭安康). However, all his sons died without issue; and so, Zheng Xianji (鄭咸吉), a first cousin once removed of them, was appointed as heir to Zheng Anfu. Zheng Xianji was the elder son of Zheng Ande (鄭安德) and a grandson of Zheng Keqiao (鄭克塙), and the latter was the youngest brother of Zheng Keshuang.

Zheng's descendants served as Bannermen in Beijing until 1911 when the Xinhai Revolution broke out and the Qing dynasty's fell, after which they moved back to Anhai and Nan'an in southern Fujian. They still live there to this day.

A poet Zheng Chouyu (鄭愁予; born 1933), claimed to be one of Zheng's descendants, was born in Shandong province in China. Zheng Xiaoxuan (鄭曉嵐), father of Zheng Chouyu, fought against the Japanese invaders in the Second Sino-Japanese War. Zheng Chouyu was born in Shandong in mainland China and called himself a "child of the resistance" against Japan and he became a refugee during the war, moving from place to place across China to avoid the Japanese. He moved to Taiwan in 1949 and focuses his work on building stronger ties between Taiwan and mainland China. Zheng Chouyu was born in mainland China, he identified as Chinese and he felt alienated after he was forced to move to Taiwan in 1949 which was previously under Japanese rule and felt strange and foreign to him.

In fiction
Zheng Keshuang appears as one of the antagonists in the novel The Deer and the Cauldron by Louis Cha.

title: Zheng Keshuang


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Inveraray Jail

Inveraray Jail is a former prison and courthouse in Church Square, Inveraray, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It was built in 1820 and is a Category A listed building. The prison closed in 1889 but the building remained in use as a courthouse until the mid-twentieth century, in which time it was also used for some meetings of Argyll County Council. Since 1989 it has been a museum.

History
The building was commissioned to replace the old town house on Front Street which dated from 1755 and which had been deemed too small. The original plans for the new building had called for a courthouse and three prisons, one for males, one for females and one for debtors, but the scheme was deemed too expensive and was curtailed.

The new courthouse was designed by James Gillespie Graham based on initial drawings by Robert Reid in the neoclassical style, built in ashlar stone and was completed in 1820. The design of the courthouse involved a symmetrical main frontage of three bays facing onto Church Square. The central bay featured a doorway with a fanlight on the ground floor and a Venetian window on the first floor. The outer bays were fenestrated with round headed windows on the ground floor, sash windows on the first floor and small oblong windows at attic level. All the windows on the first floor had balustrades in front of them and were flanked by paired Tuscan order pilasters supporting an entablature, a cornice and a balustraded parapet. The building was bowed at the back. Internally, the principal room was the main courtroom at the rear of the building on the first floor with views across Loch Fyne.

A two-storey prison block, the "old prison block", which was also designed by Graham, was built in coursed rubble to the northeast of the courthouse and was completed at the same time as the courthouse. Following the implementation of the Prisons (Scotland) Act 1839, which brought about various changes including the separation of prisoners, a three-storey prison, the "new prison block", which was designed by Thomas Brown, was built in coursed rubble to the southwest of the courthouse and completed in 1845.

The Prisons (Scotland) Act 1877 brought in further changes, including the transfer of the management of prisons from local authorities to the UK Government and the closure of smaller prisons in favour of larger ones. After the prisoners had been transferred to Barlinnie Prison in Glasgow, Inveraray Prison closed in 1889.

The courthouse was also used for meetings of the Argyll Commissioners of Supply, which was the main administrative body for the county prior 1890. Elected county councils were established in 1890 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, and the new council needed to identify a meeting place. The County Council's first meeting was held at the courthouse at Inveraray on 22 May 1890, when over three hours were spent debating where the council should meet thereafter, with proposals put forward in favour of meeting in Lochgilphead, Inveraray, Oban, Dunoon, or even Glasgow (despite the latter being outside the county). It was decided to meet at Dunoon between May and September and at Oban for the rest of the year. The council did subsequently hold meetings in more places than just those two towns, including occasionally meeting at the courthouse in Inverary, but it established its main offices at Lochgilphead.

By the mid-20th century the courthouse had become dilapidated and, in 1954, a order was made that there should be no more sheriff court hearings at Inveraray. Police and Justice of the Peace Court hearings continued for a while but, in 1962, Argyll County Council sold the courthouse.

The courthouse complex at Inveraray was refurbished to a design by Ian Gordon Lindsay & Partners in 1965 and converted into a visitor attraction as "Inveraray Jail" in May 1989.

title: Inveraray Jail


text:
Peter Puck

Peter Puck is a hockey puck-shaped cartoon character. The puck, whose animated adventures appeared on both NBC's Hockey Game of the Week and CBC's Hockey Night in Canada during the 1970s, explained ice hockey rules, equipment and the sport's history to the home viewing audience. The voice of Peter Puck was provided by Ronnie Schell. The animation was produced by Hanna-Barbera studios. Nine episodes, each approximately three minutes long, were broadcast between periods of NHL hockey games.

Origins
The brainchild of NBC executive and New York Rangers season ticket holder Donald Carswell, who conceived the idea and scripted first drafts of the initial episodes, Peter Puck was developed for the television network in partnership with Hanna-Barbera. Designed to help introduce and popularize ice hockey among non-fans (especially children), Peter Puck became an instant and enduring hit with existing hockey fans. When the network stopped carrying NHL games in 1975, NBC sold Peter's rights back to Hanna-Barbera, which later sold them to Brian McFarlane, a member of the network's NHL broadcast team (and the son of Leslie McFarlane, also known as first of many to assume the pen name "Franklin W. Dixon" and pen the Hardy Boys books). McFarlane subsequently wrote three children's books using the character: Peter Puck: Love That Hockey Game (1975), Peter Puck and the Stolen Stanley Cup (1980), and Peter Puck's Greatest Moments in Hockey (1980).

Comeback
Peter Puck made a comeback during the 2007 NHL Playoffs, as retailers began selling a line of retro apparel with the Peter Puck logo. That same year, Peace Arch Entertainment released the entire series to DVD.

Since December 2007, the original Peter Puck has been shown during the first intermission of Toronto Maple Leafs games broadcast on Leafs TV. The clips are seen in their original form, with outdated rules and references omitted.

For the 2009–10 NHL season, Peter Puck returned to the CBC.

In August 2023, it was announced a new animated series is in production. The series will feature Peter Puck's sister Penny Puck.

title: Peter Puck


text:
Pat Badger

Patrick John Badger (born July 22, 1967) is a musician, singer, and songwriter, best known as the bass guitarist in the band Extreme.

He has also performed in groups such as Tribe of Judah and Dark Desert Eagles.

Early life
Badger was born in Boston, Massachusetts to Al Badger and Lily Badger ( Aguilar). He is of Irish and Honduran descent.

Music
He sang backing vocals on both Dweezil Zappa's album Confessions and the Danger Danger album, Screw It!, along with his Extreme bandmates Gary Cherone and Nuno Bettencourt. He has also sung back-up on a live version of the Van Halen song, "When It's Love" on Sammy Hagar's live album, Live: Hallelujah, on which Cherone sang co-lead vocals with Hagar.

In 2013, Badger initiated a PledgeMusic campaign. This helped him release his first solo record, Time Will Tell. By offering exclusive content to listeners who pledged and providing updates related to the project to his following, the campaign reached its goal and the record entitled Time Will Tell was released in late 2014. In 2016 he followed up with a second PledgeMusic campaign for his second solo album Take What We Want (under the name Nasty Ass Honey Badgers).

In 2017, he formed a band called Dark Desert Eagles, a tribute to the Eagles. The band features Extreme drummer Kevin Figueiredo.

title: Pat Badger


text:
Brauweiler

Brauweiler is a part of Pulheim, west of Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. The former Benedictine abbey, Brauweiler Abbey, founded 1024, is used today by the Rhein Department for the Care of Historic Monuments.

In Brauweiler in the 1920s a large power transmission station was built, which supplied up to 380 kV. It was also the starting point of the north south powerline. Also in the area of this transformer station is the main control room of the RWE, from which nearly the entire high-voltage transmission system of the RWE AG is supervised by remote control. This control is also used to coordinate the power transmission in continental Europe.

title: Brauweiler


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tzenkethi

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - should be merged - SimonP 20:03, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Tzenkethi
Atomiktoaster added the vfd tag to this page on June 3rd but didn't create the subpage. I am doing so now. --Canderson7 18:27, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 18:29, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to List of Star Trek Races, where it belongs. The Tzenketh do exist and we know they had a war with the Federation at one point, but that's all that's ever been said about them.  Marblespire 18:53, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as per Marblespire Celestianpower 18:55, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Must... merge... all... minorStarTrekraces together. -- BD2412 talk 19:14, 2005 Jun 6 (UTC)
 * Merge, I suppose it's futile to resist the relentless assimilation of minor Star Trek races into a single collective conciousness really long page. But let it break out if more content is added. Kappa 22:14, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Federico Moreno Torroba

Federico Moreno Tórroba (3 March 1891 – 12 September 1982) was a Spanish composer, conductor, and theatrical impresario. He is especially remembered for his important contributions to the classical guitar repertoire, becoming one of the leading twentieth-century composers for the instrument. He was also one of the foremost composers of zarzuelas, a form of Spanish light opera. His 1932 zarzuela Luisa Fernanda has proved to be enduringly popular. In addition, he composed ballets, symphonic works, and piano pieces, as well as one-act operas and one full-length opera, El poeta, which premiered in 1980, starring well-known tenor Plácido Domingo. Moreno Torroba also ran his own zarzuela company, which toured extensively, especially in Latin America.

Biography and career
Over the course of his long career, Moreno Tórroba composed many works, both in traditional Spanish forms and for the concert hall. He is often associated with the zarzuela, a traditional Spanish musical form. He achieved his greatest success in the 1930s with the zarzuelas Luisa Fernanda (1932) and La Chulapona (1934). Directing several opera companies, Moreno Tórroba helped introduce the zarzuela to international audiences. In 1946 he formed a zarzuela company with singers Plácido Domingo Ferrer and Pepita Embil, the parents of Plácido Domingo and close friends of his. The company toured Latin America for two years, becoming particularly popular in Mexico. The composer who was identified from the beginning with the phalanx, to be on the national side. decided to go to America in 1946 to avoid the economic and food shortages of the postwar Spain.

Moreno Tórroba also composed operas, of which La Virgen de Mayo (1925) and El poeta (1980) with Plácido Domingo in the title role, are his best known. In addition to his vocal works, he is well known for his compositions for the classical guitar, many of which were dedicated to either Maria Angélica Funes or Andrés Segovia. Although he did not play the guitar himself he had a deep understanding of the instrument, according to the virtuoso Pepe Romero. He also frequently conducted.

Tórroba is also the composer of Cuban Boy, the Frank Chacksfield recorded version of which is known as the theme tune for the BBC Scotland comedy show Still Game.

Operas

 * La Virgen de Mayo, 1 act (1925)
 * El poeta, 4 acts (1980)

Zarzuelas

 * La Mesonera de Tordesillas (1925)
 * La Marchenera (1928)
 * Azabache (1932)
 * Luisa Fernanda (1932)
 * Xuanón (1933)
 * La Chulapona (1934)
 * Sor Navarra (1938)
 * Maravilla (1941)
 * El Duende azul (1946, with Rodrigo)
 * Baile en Capitanía (1960)
 * Ella (1966)

Ballets

 * Fantasía de Levante (1957)
 * Don Quixote (1970)
 * El Hijo pródigo (1976)
 * Cristo, luz del mundo (1978)

Orchestral works
(see below for works with guitar)
 * La Ajorca de oro (1918)
 * Zoraida (1919)
 * Suite madrileña (1953)
 * Mosaico sevillano (1954)
 * Aires vascos (1956)
 * Danzas asturianas (1956)
 * San Fermín (1960)
 * Eritaña (1979)
 * Sonatina trianera (1980)
 * Fantasía castellana (1980) for piano and orchestra

Guitar works
Solo
 * Sonatina (1924)
 * Nocturno (1926)
 * Suite castellana (1926). Contains: 1. Fandanguillo; 2. Arada; 3. Danza.
 * Preludio (1928)
 * Burgalesa (1928)
 * Piezas características (1931). Contains: 1. Preámbulo; 2. Oliveras; 3. Melodía; 4. Albada; 5. Los Mayos; 6. Panorama.
 * Sonata-Fantasía (early 1950s)
 * Madrileñas (1953)
 * Zapateados (1953)
 * Segoviana (1956)
 * Sevillana (1956)
 * Once obras (1966)
 * Habanera de mi niña (1966)
 * Castillos de España ("Castles of Spain") (vol. 1, 1970; vol. 2, 1978). Contains: Sigüenza, Manzanares el Real, Alba de Tormes, Montemayor (Romance de los Pinos), Alcañiz, Javier, Torija, Simancas, Zafra, Turégano, Redaba, Alcázar de Segovia, Olite, Calatrava.
 * Tríptico (1973)
 * Las Puertas de Madrid (1976). Contains: Puerta de San Vicente; Puerta de Moros; Puerta de Toledo; Puerta de Alcalá; Puerta del Ángel; Puerta Cerrada; Puerta de Hierro.
 * Aires de La Mancha
 * Madroños
 * Serenata Burlesca
 * Siete Piezas de Álbum. Contains: Chisperada; Rumor de Copla; Minueto del Majo; ¡Ay, Malagueña!; Aire Vasco; Segoviana; Bolero Menorquín.
 * Sonatina y variación in E minor
 * Suite miniatura. Contains: Llamada; Tremolo; Vals; Divertimento.

Guitar with orchestra
 * Concerto de Castilla (1960)
 * Homenaje a la seguidilla (1962)
 * Tres nocturnos (1970)
 * Concerto ibérico (1976)
 * Diálogos (1977)

Guitar quartets
 * Ráfagas (1976)
 * Estampas (1979)
 * Sonata-Fantasía II (1976)
 * Sonata trianera (1980)

Piano works

 * Apetits pas (1913)
 * El Mate (1915)
 * Alegrías de Cadiz (1957)
 * Fandango corralero (1957)
 * Torerías (1957)
 * Chucares (1958)
 * Noche sevillana (1959)

LP

 * Mosaico Andaluz – Orquesta De Conciertos De Madrid, Director y arreglador F. Moreno Torroba (Sello Hispavox, Año 1958. 45 R.P.M.)
 * Recordando El Ayer – Orquesta Federico Moreno Torroba (1961)
 * La Voz de su Amo – Isabel Rivas, Luis Sagi-Vela, Tino Pardo, Ramón Alonso, Rosa Sarmiento, Mari Carmen Ramírez, Matilde Garcés, Enrique del Portal, Luis Frutos, Ana M.ª Amengual. Coro Cantores de Madrid, dir.: José Perera. Orquesta Lírica Española, dir.: Federico Moreno Torroba. (1968)
 * Federico Moreno Torroba – Banda De Pasodobles De Madrid – Lp Pasodobles Toretos – RCA 1958
 * Ultimos Exitos De Lola Flores. Acompañada Por F. Moreno Torroba Y Su Orquestra
 * Luisa Fernanda – Moreno Torroba
 * Corrida De Toros Con Oles
 * María Manuela
 * Moreno Torroba: Homenaje A La Seguidilla c/w Castelnuovo-Tedesco: Guitar Concerto In D, Op. 99. Ángel Romero, ECO, Federico Moreno Torroba. EMI: ASD 4171.

CD

 * Luisa Fernanda. Moreno Torroba conducts, 1932. (Blue Moon, BMCD 7504)
 * Azabache – Xuanon – Maria La Tempranica. Moreno Torroba conducts. (Blue Moon, BMCD 7544)
 * La Caramba – Maravilla – La Ilustre Moza. Moreno Torroba conducts. (Blue Moon, BMCD 7526)

Literature

 * Clark, Walter Aaron – Krause, William Craig: Federico Moreno Torroba: A Musical Life in Three Acts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-19-531370-3.

title: Federico Moreno Torroba


text:
Category talk:Ultimate Marvel

Untitled
Shouldn't this be alphabetical? By alphabetical, I mean starting with the part after 'Ultimate'--Jamdav86 14:56, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The page Ultimate Spider-Man (character) is not here.
 * yes it is. --Robje 11:11, 20 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It is now. Somebody added it. Thank you.--Tai112 1:49, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Ultimate Marvel


text:
Kermit Roosevelt III

Kermit Roosevelt III (born July 14, 1971) is an American author, lawyer, and the David Berger Professor for the Administration of Justice at the University of Pennsylvania.

He is a great-great-grandson of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and a distant cousin of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Early life and education
Roosevelt was born in Washington, D.C., on July 14, 1971. His father, also named Kermit, was a son of Kermit Roosevelt Jr. and a great-grandson of President Theodore Roosevelt. He graduated from St. Albans School (where he was a Presidential Scholar), Harvard University, and Yale Law School. He was a law clerk for Judge Stephen F. Williams of the D.C. Circuit, and clerked for U.S. Supreme Court Justice David Souter.

Career
Roosevelt worked as a lawyer with Mayer Brown in Chicago from 2000 to 2002 before joining the Penn Law faculty in 2002. He was an assistant professor, from 2002 to 2007, and Professor of Law (Conflict of Laws, Constitutional Law), from 2007 to 2021, when he was appointed as David Berger Professor for the Administration of Justice.

Roosevelt's areas of academic interest include conflicts of law and constitutional law. His articles have been cited twice by the United States Supreme Court and numerous times by state and lower federal courts. His scholarly publications include "Resolving Renvoi: the Bewitchment of Our Intelligence by Means of Language," University of Notre Dame Law Review (2005).

Roosevelt has also written two novels, both of which dramatize legal settings.

His TEDx talk (June, 2016) is entitled "Myth America: The Declaration, the Constitution, and Us."

Activities
In May, 2016, Roosevelt and Karen Korematsu (daughter of a prominent American opponent of Japanese-American internment during World War 2) were featured speakers at a National Constitution Center program. It is the first time a member of the Roosevelt family and a member of the Korematsu family appeared in a public forum.

Roosevelt is a Distinguished Research Fellow of the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania and a member of the American Law Institute. In November 2014, the American Law Institute announced that Roosevelt had been selected as the Reporter for the Third Restatement of Conflict of Laws.

Reception of novels
Roosevelt's first novel, In the Shadow of the Law, had generally positive reviews. It was a Christian Science Monitor Best Book of the Year. Alan Dershowitz, writing in The New York Times, said that although the book "suffers from the showoffy-ness of an aspiring artiste strutting his stuff … yet I recommend this book with real enthusiasm. Why? Precisely because it doesn't glamorize its subject. Roosevelt's gritty portrayal of the transformation of bright-eyed and colorful young associates into dim-eyed and gray middle-aged partners (no one seems to make it to his or her golden years) rings true of all too many corporate law factories."

Roosevelt's second novel, Allegiance, published in 2015, was a Harper Lee Prize finalist. It received favorable reviews in The Wall Street Journal ("well worth reading") and The Richmond Times-Dispatch ("splendid, troubling, and authoritative") and a starred review from Publishers Weekly. The story examines U.S. national security policies during World War II, focusing on President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066, which authorized the internment of Japanese Americans.

Nonfiction

title: Kermit Roosevelt III


text:
Southridge High School (Kennewick)

Southridge High School is a public high school located in the city of Kennewick, Washington, United States (in Benton County). The school is part of Kennewick School District. Construction of the $30 million building began in 1995, with classroom doors opening in the spring of 1997. The plans for Southridge High School were originally designed for a high school on the east side of the country; however, the school was never built and the Kennewick School District purchased the blueprints and plans. During construction, classes were held at Fruitland Elementary School, under the direction of Principal Ron Williamson. The first commencement was held inside the Toyota Center in June 1999. Southridge was the third 4A school constructed in Kennewick, but with the reorganization of leagues in 2006, Southridge became a 3A school and is now a member of the Columbia Basin League. Yet again, in 2008, it was decided that Southridge would be put back under the 4A schools along with 2 other high schools in Kennewick, WA. Once again in 2010 Southridge was brought back down to a 3A school.

Facilities
The 50 acre campus lies within a valley on the southwest border of Kennewick. Southridge is located several miles away from the majority of its students.

The school's main complex, divided into wings A through G, was designed by the architecture firm Hammel, Green and Abrahamson of Minnesota; Joe Lavernier Construction of Spokane was the general contractor. The B, C and D-wings are classrooms, each containing two floors with eight classrooms per floor as well as lockers. The A-wing houses the auditorium, c music rooms and practice rooms. A-wing is located right next to the cafeteria. The F-wing contains one large gym and a small gym as well as a weight room, and two other rooms that are multipurpose - with locker rooms and training room both located downstairs. The E-wing contains the library and main offices downstairs and upstairs it holds more classrooms. G-wing holds all of the science classrooms, it is the only hall that has no rooms on the ground floor and was a new addition made in 2021.

The wings are all connected by a long crescent-shaped hall with A and F-wing at the north and south ends, respectively. The E-wing is in the inner curve, wings B, C and D branch off along the outer curve and all connect to G-wing upstairs.

The school grounds include football and baseball fields, an outdoor basketball court as well as softball fields, a track, several soccer fields, eight tennis courts, and 2 courtyards made at the time G-wing was added. The school uses the Kennewick Public Pool as it does not have one of its own.

Home of the Suns
The school nickname, the Suns, was selected in a vote among the first freshman class (Class of 1999). The mascot is a gorilla named "Sunny" and was inducted into SHS in the 2006-2007 school year.

The school colors are blue and gold (originally blue, silver and gold). The school fight song, Southridge Will Forever Hold My Heart, was written in 1996 by a Southridge student to the tune of the Notre Dame Victory March.

Southridge has a storied Mock Trial Program. Winning back to back YMCA Mock Trial regional championships in 2012 and 2013, and attending the Washington State YMCA tournament multiple times.

The Southridge Drama department and Drama Club produce several ensemble performances each year.

Southridge also has one of the best engineering technology programs in the state, led formally by Jim Hendricks, who was invited to join Tri-Cities STEM School, Delta High, in 2009. It offers college-level projects like power supplies and "Sumo" robots, with which it compete with Battelle. Its material science course offers the chance to create a sterling silver ring and a personal piece of stained glass, both designed by the students. The course was taught by Roy Bunnell.

Former Southridge student Danica Lyn Stewart achieved acting success in her adult life and can be seen on NBC's daytime soap Passions.

Athletics
Southridge participates in the Columbia Basin Big Nine (CBBN) 3A. The CBBN is the former Columbia Basin League which is the former Big Nine. Football and soccer games are played at Neil F. Lampson Stadium, which is located on the grounds of Kennewick High School. Southridge shares the stadium with Kennewick and Kamiakin High School. In their brief existence, the Suns have won state championships in dance for 4 years (2004–2008), golf, soccer, and baseball, along with several individual state championships in tennis, gymnastics, Swimming, diving, ice hockey, and wrestling. Southridge’s competitive cheerleading team qualified for state in 2023.

Fight song
The Southridge High School fight song is sung to the tune of the Notre Dame Fight Song.

All hail to our Southridge High

Bring on the challenge, let's do or die

Honor, fame, and glory too

Guardians of the GOLD & BLUE!

We are the finest under the sun

Carry the fight 'till victory's won

Greatest school to you & I

That's almighty Southridge High

Notable alumni

 * Shawn O'Malley, infielder, Seattle Mariners

title: Southridge High School (Kennewick)


text:
Blue Room

Blue Room may refer to:

Music

 * Blue Room (Ana & Milton Popović album) (2015)
 * Blue Room (Unwritten Law album) (1994)
 * "Blue Room" (1926 song), a 1926 song written by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart
 * "Blue Room" (The Orb song), a 1992 ambient house single by The Orb
 * Blue Room Released, a UK independent record label from 1994 to 2002
 * Blue Room, a band that performed "Everytime You Go Away" at the end of Planes, Trains and Automobiles

Other uses

 * Blue Room (White House), a room in the U.S. White House residence
 * "Blue's Room", a segment of TV children show Blue's Clues
 * Blue room, part of the Pepper's Ghost illusion
 * Blue Room (Windsor Castle)

title: Blue Room


text:
User:Erikyorke

I'm Erik Yorke.

title: User:Erikyorke


text:
Paul Geary

Paul Geary (born July 24, 1961 in Medford, Massachusetts) is an American rock and roll drummer and Artist Manager. He was co-founder and drummer of the Rock band Extreme, which he left in 1994 to pursue a career in artist management.

Geary founded Global Artist Management in Boston in 1995. One of his first signings was a then little-known Boston rock band Godsmack who would go on to sell more than 20 million albums under his watch. Geary ran Global Artist Management for 10 years before it was acquired by entertainment executive Irving Azoff in 2005.

Geary worked alongside Azoff and Jared Paul at "AGP" (for Azoff, Geary, Paul) Management (a division of Front Line Management Group) until January 2013, at which time Azoff resigned from the company, and Geary and his staff returned to operate under the moniker "Global Artist Management".

Geary's artist management credits include Smashing Pumpkins, Alter Bridge, Godsmack, Creed, The Scorpions, Fuel, Steel Panther, Jason Bonham, Billy Ray Cyrus, Hoobastank, Joe Perry ("The Joe Perry Project"), and his former band Extreme.

Global Artist Management signed on to co-manage Hollywood Vampires with Shep Gordon in 2017. Principal members of the Vampires include Joe Perry, Johnny Depp, and Alice Cooper.

In June 2019, The Hollywood Reporter and other major publications announced that Global Artist Management signed on to manage Johnny Depp's musical career.

In May 2020, Paul Geary and Global Artist Management joined with Shelter Music Group, whose roster includes Fleetwood Mac, ZZ Top, Barenaked Ladies, and Puscifer.

title: Paul Geary


text:
Talk:Canadian Senate divisions

Untitled
My understanding of Canadian Senate Divisions has been that, outside of Quebec, they're arbitrary geographic groupings chosen by the senator themselves; a senator might choose to promote themselves as a representative of a whole province or just a self-constructed portion of one (which may well correspond with their former riding if they were an MP, for instance.) The article, composed by an anonymous editor, seems to first agree with the notion of these things beings pure fabrications of the Senatorial mind, but then goes on with the general notion that there exists some system of permanent divisions in English Canada drawn up by statute (In all the other provinces Senate Divisions can be occupied by more then one Senator. Senate boundaries are made up of a large urban area or a number of small municipal areas, while rural areas are represented by Senators of a province at large.) Our editor has gone so far as to put together pages like Ontario Senate division). You'll all forgive me for calling horesehit, no? -The Tom 18:30, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I concur with User:The Tom. Quebec has 24 senatorial divisions, but the other provinces do not. Senators may choose to represent a notional district if they want. Take a look at the list of Senators, and you'll see that some of the Ontario senators represent "Ontario", others "Toronto". There is one who represents "Metro Toronto". Peter Stollery represents "Bloor & Yonge/Toronto", naming the intersection where his family's men's clothing store has been located forever. Anne Cools represents "Toronto-Center-York". I recall one senator, now apparently retired, who chose to represennt "Toronto-Taddle Creek", in reference to an underground river that runs under the University of Toronto. And so on. If the creator of this article cannot come up with evidence, then thism ust be deleted. It sounds to me like someone has looked over the list and drawn their own conclusions. (If I'm ever apppinted, I'm going to represent "Toronto-HoSu Bistro on Queen Street West" in reference to my favourite sushihaus.) Ground Zero 19:22, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes User:The Tom is correct. The Constitution assigns divisions to Quebec only and even then the senators that represent those divisions are rarely from them and they are a relic moreso than something meaningful in today's political context.  For province's other than Quebec the divisions range from small towns, to regions or to the entire province.  In practice, the Prime Miniser of the day usually defines the division as whatever the incoming senator wants it to be called.  They no longer exist upon the completion of a senator's term. - Jord 19:44, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I have added "dispute" tags to this article and to the branch articles where appropriate. I am going to take a run at re-writing this article in line with The Tom's points. See Talk:Canadian Senate Division/Temp. Ground Zero 13:43, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The article should at most include a list and description of the Quebec Divisions with the explanation that they are unique and fixed but notwithstanding that they can be represented by any eligible person from anywhere in the province of Quebec and that in other provinces divisions are used occassionally and are merely symbolic and chosen in consultation with the appointee. - Jord 14:03, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * It would still be interesting to see what Senators have represented what areas over time. Even if those areas are arbritrary. I say, once we remove the original research, and perhaps rename and merge some articles, they would be fine. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 14:48, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Any contributions that you'd like to make to Talk:Canadian Senate Division/Temp would be welcome. Ground Zero 15:12, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Earl, I've built a skeleton to do what you are speaking of in a factual manner, I'd be curious to hear your thoughts? - Jord 17:10, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I've taken a run at it using the list from the existing article. PLease take a look. Ground Zero 17:45, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Let's see the skeleton then, Jord. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 18:42, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Uhhh it is in the temp article as linked above, though GZ has made some (positive) changes to it. - Jord 19:38, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

So, are we ready to replace the existng article and adust the branch articles? No-one has yet defeneded the existing description of CSDs. Ground Zero 16:15, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * All of those existing articles will need to be adjusted, even the Quebec one (Grandville) needed some work though they are far more accurate than the rest. I'll try and go through them and clean them up. - Jord 18:27, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Do you know how we go about replacing Canadian Senate Divisions by Talk:Canadian Senate Division/Temp? I was just going to cut and paste, but then we lose the edit history on the new version. Since it's just you and me, if memory serves, that shouldn't be a big deal. Ground Zero 18:52, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * We could certainly request a move, but then we would loose the history of the old page. Not sure which would be the best approach? - Jord 18:55, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * If we cut the Temp version and paste it into the existing, tehn we keep the edit history of the existing, and the only loss of history are the changes that you and I have made: they will appear as one block change made either by me or by you. I don't care about teh credit, so if you want to do it, then go ahead. Or, if you want to leave to me, I can do it. We should also split up the existing article to cleanse them. Frankly, I think the non-Quebec and territories article should just be VfD'd because they are meaningless. Either that, or they should be merged into a "Senators from Alberta" article. Ground Zero 19:01, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree and would support such VfD's, go ahead and paste it over or I can do so and just mention it was a collaboration in the edit summary. - Jord 19:14, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Done. I have moved the article to "Canadian Senate divisions". I think the S should be capitalized because we're talking about the Canadian Senate, which should keep the capital. Ground Zero 19:17, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Non-Quebec divisions
Upon further research, I have discovered that none of the original non-Quebec senators had divisions and I have also learned that divisions are never mentioned in the terms of the appointment  (Joe Day has always represented Saint John - Kennebecasis but this division was not mentioned despite the division of a Quebec appointee being mentioned). It seems that these divisions are even less relevant than I thought. I have changed the article to reflect my findings. - Jord 19:28, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Mea cupla, further checking showed some did have divisions from the beginning but very few. - Jord 19:30, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

It was I who created this article
I created this article about the Senate divisions, and I haven't been paying attention, because I have working on Alberta electoral history.

The grand purpose of this article was to provide a direct list of geographical areas based on information from the Senate website of areas that senators have represented historically.

All this information comes from Senate profiles both past and current senators, and the description was an attempt to explain what a senate division is, and this article to list those divisions. Fact Senate divisions outside of Quebec do indeed have "constituency" offices that provide the same services as member of parliament.

And it is a fact that Senators can represent the same division such as Calgary or Edmonton or whatever at the same time, its not contradictory at all.

But do whatever you like, since your determined to destroy it, I don't care anymore. After seeing this discussion, and the deletion stuff for the senate divisions i did work on, its not worth my time to contribute to Wikipedia. --Cloveious 06:21, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Cloveious, I will post this message in your user space as well to make sure that you see it. None of what you have said above has been contradicted.  I will quote from the current article:
 * Senators do have the option of maintaining a constituency office that provides all the same services as Members of Parliament, however this is rare. Currently three senators have such offices
 * As you point out, outside of Quebec these constituency offices exist, as a matter of fact all three are outside of Quebec: one each in BC, AB & SK. You go on to say that "And it is a fact that Senators can represent the same division such as Calgary or Edmonton or whatever at the same time, its not contradictory at all."  No one ever said that there was any contradiction in your statement that Senators could represent the same area.  However, I will quote from the article again:
 * In provinces other than Quebec, senators are appointed to represent the province as a whole and the Royal Proclamation makes no reference to divisions. Nonetheless, some senators are said to represent specific divisions which . . . have no specific geographic boundaries
 * That was the problem in your assumption when writing the article, the non-Quebec divisions do not legally exist and they have no geographic boundaries, they are simply names chosen by senators. I do not think you should be upset, after all, Wikipedia says be bold and that is what you did in the massive undertaking by creating this article.  No one person can create a perfect article and that is why Wikipedia exists, so all of those with knowledge can come together and make a great, free encyclopedia.  You should not be angry that your article has been changed, you should be proud that the article you created -- your article -- has gone on to spur some debate and has improved and become a valuable part of the asset that is Wikipedia. - Jord 13:52, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Response from one of the instigators
Cloveious, I will respond here to what you posted here and on the VfD page.

To begin with, you must understand that Wikipedia is a group effort. No editor "owns" an article. Any article is subject to editing by other editors. When you are in edit mode, you will see, at the bottom of the page, an advisory notice that says:

 * If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, do not submit it.

So you must not be upset that others are going to change your work.

The fact that anyone can post whatever they want on Wikipedia creates a challenge in creating an encyclopedia. The only thing that keep Wikipedia a useful source of information is that numerous editors review article to determine whether or not the information is correct. If this process did not happen, Wikipedia would be quickly filled with people's resumes, and pages that say little other than "Pete Smith is a homo."

In this case, questions about the veracity of the information that you posted anonymously were raised over two weeks ago. Several editors, me included, tried and failed to confirm the information that you posted. This is the first time that there has been any response to the questions we raised. You should not be surprised that Wikipedians move quickly on pages they believe to be incorrect, and in fact, it shows the strength of Wikipedia that unverified information is challenged so quickly.

You have posted quite a lot of information on Wikipedia, and these are the only pages that I am aware of that have been challenged in this way. All of the work that you have done on Alberta elections and electoral districts has contributed to body of knowledge on Wikipedia, so I don't understand why you think that it is not worth your while to create content. The senate divisions stuff represents only a small portion of your work here.

On the question of the senate divisions, I think that you have not quite got the point that various others contributors and I are making. The article previously gave the reader the clear impression that non-Quebec Senate divisions are fixed entities, and that when a senator "representing" XYZ senate division retires, that division is vacant. This, we believe, is incorrect, and that is why the main article has been re-written and other articles have been posted on the VfD page.

The point that we are making is that the senate divisions that non-Quebec senators "represent" are not fixed, permanent geographic entities, but designations that these senators choose for themselves. When Peter Stollery retires, there is not a vacancy in the Toronto/Bloor-Yonge division, but a vacancy in the Ontario division. His replacement could choose to represent Ontario, Toronto, Cabbagetown, or whatever else strikes his or her fancy. There was no senator for "Toronto/Bloor-Yonge" before him, and it is unlikely that there will be another senator for "Toronto/Bloor-Yonge" after him. Same with Senator Jerry Grafstein, who represents, if memory serves, "Metro Toronto". I guess he chose that at the time of his appointment for whatever reason, but "Metro Toronto" no longer exists as a concept. The City of Toronto and the other municipalities that made up "Metro Toronto" were merged in 1999 in to a new "City of Toronto", so no-one ever talks about "Metro Toronto" anymore.

The links that you provided do indicate that senators represent senate divisions, but they do not provide any evidence to support the conclusion that you reached that senate divisions are fixed entities.

I think that there would be support for created a page like List of Alberta senators that would include present and former csenators and indicate the senate divisions that they dseginated for themselves, i.e., whether they chose to represent Alberta, Calgary, Edmonton, or Drumheller, for that matter. That would be a useful addition to Wikipedia, as long as it does not suggest that there are always to be two Calgary senators, two Edmonton senators and two Alberta senators, for example. Again, we have seen no evidence to support this.

In Quebec, where there are permanent senate divisions, the evidence for that has been pretty easy to find. The fact that we have not been able to find evidence to support the idea of permanent senate divisions outside of Quebec, I think, is clear evidence that they do not exist.

I hope that I have been able to explain why we have taken the steps that we have, and strongly encourage to continue contributing to Wikipedia. If you have any questions, please post them here or on my talk page. Ground Zero 13:45, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Response to the responses
Hi, Ground Zero, and Jord, I just want to apoligize for acting like a jerk about the matter, Im not bothered about someone changing an article, what really bothered me and upset me more then anything, was "the Tom" and his comments he went around putting in other peoples comment pages about how upset he was that some guy named Cloveious did on the senate article, and whipped everyone into a frenzy about it, and got votes for deletion, without ever even consulting me in the begining about his concerns to why I might have done what I did. And I think deletion or consideration of deletion was an extream over reaction.

The fact is, the first thought I had to contributing to Wikipedia was in the list of current Senators and I saw that no one had added the divisions that were listed on the government of Canada website. So I added them, and then I thought well people might find it informative if they could see a total list of Senate divisions.

And with that list, I attempted to explain them, and I guess I failed. I organized the original list into Divisions by name that have current representation from current senators, and inactive by name that were previously represented by senators, and historical, IE divisions from the old areas of the Northwest territories that could never again exist.

Maybe vacant was the wrong choice of words, but it was meant in the terms of non represenation as in was someone representing that, now there is not.

In the articles, i did create I listed current and historical senators from the said divisions going back to 1867. I thought these would be informative, because people might want to know who senators that had were in a geographical area from past to present. I never stated anywhere aside from Quebec and the territories that boundaries were predefined, and if I mistakenly did, that was not my intention. I also added see also's to Divisions in the same city. In the case of Toronto-Centre-York,

In the case of Charlottetown PEI, and the territories I thought that it might be good to include the Senators with those under the same article of the Federal district, because one can easily make the assumption that they would share common borders. It seemed like a good idea at the time anyway.

I added a map because one was avalible, and I thought it might be of interest.

I had intended to get back around and improve the whole thing at some point, but I had been researching and putting time into Alberta provincial history, because it had a lot less historical information around the web, compared to the Senator lists which can be dug up on the Parliament website.

Personally from a historical standpoint, I think is interesting and somthing that may be lost to the sands of time, was the original intent of Senate divisions, when for lack of a better term, the "founding fathers of confederation" had some idea as to how they were really supposed to work but it never seemed to get completed. Or maybe somthing that could be expanded on as a provision for further senate reform.

In case anyone is wondering, I went out and collected signatures to help get candidates for the Senator in Waiting vote in Alberta, because I belive in Senate reform. I don't defend the Senate, and I do think its a blight on democracy in Canada. But it has an interesting history, in Canadian politics that shouldn't be ignored. --Cloveious 05:55, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Alberta divisions
With respected to the table just added by Cloveious and changed by Ground Zero, I am a bit confused. According to the Senate website all three Alberta senators added by Martin represent the province as a whole. This is not reflected in the table. - Jord 5 July 2005 20:35 (UTC)
 * Sorry for taking so long to respond, but that website was slow to update from the original boiler plate information when the senators were appointed. It has the correct information now. I used this link since it updates the fastest

--Cloveious 04:34, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Page Move
I want to move the page name from Canadian Senate divisions to Canadian Senate seats and divisions to evolve the article to cover the entire history of seat evolution by province in the senate and make this a broader article on senate representation. --Cloveious 15:48, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Cool your jets. I am not sure that that is necessary as the number of seats seems applicable to this article.  If it were moved, I might suggest that Provincial and territorial representation in the Canadian Senate might be a more appropriate and less confusing name. - Jord 15:53, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * My jets are cool :) Thats why im posting about in the discussion page I like that possibility to, more input is welcome. --Cloveious 16:29, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

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24 Québec divisions - Link to official map
I've found an official map of the 24 Quebec divisions, should we not add this to the article? Bancki (talk) 11:28, 13 March 2018 (UTC)

24 Quebec divisions : which are the anglophone?
In 1867 the electoral divisions of the existing Legislative Council of the Province of Canada were kept as divisions for the appointment of Quebec senators (and of the now defunct Legislative Council of Quebec). This was done as a safeguard for the English-speaking minority, so I wonder which of those 24 divisions were anglophone-majority back then?Bancki (talk) 13:46, 3 October 2018 (UTC)

The 12 majority English-speaking Quebec provincial electoral districts entrenched in section 80 Constitution Act 1867 (entrenched because they could only be redistricted by the Legislative Assembly of Quebec with the consent of the MPs elected in those 12 districts) and enumerated in the 2nd schedule of that Act, correspond to the following Senate divisions:
 * Pontiac + Ottawa + Argenteuil provincial electoral districts = Inkerman senatorial division
 * Missisquoi + Brome + Shefford provincial electoral districts = Bedford senatorial division
 * Stanstead + Compton + Richmond-Wolfe + Sherbrooke provincial electoral districts = Wellington senatorial division (but Wellington also includes part of Drummond)
 * Megantic provincial electoral district was part of Kennebec senatorial division (Kennebec also includes Lotbinière and Arthabaska)
 * Huntingdon provincial electoral district was mostly part of De Salaberry senatorial division (but Hemmingford, the eastern part of Huntingdon, was part of De Lorimier)

So Inkerman, Bedford and Wellington seem to be the senatorial divisions who were in 1867 majority English-speaking because they are entirely or mostly made up of 10 of the 12 'entrenched' (majority English-speaking) provincial electoral districts.Bancki (talk) 13:27, 11 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canadian Senate divisions


text:
Rommerskirchen

Rommerskirchen is the southernmost municipality in the Rhein-Kreis Neuss, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Notable places
Rommerskirchen possesses rich historical inheritances, including numerous remains of the Roman Villae Rusticae, and those from several Frankish settlements. The town centre still contains several medieval Roman and Gothic churches and a castle. There are many buildings from even earlier modern times, as well as those from the time of the Napoleonic occupation. Many of these sites are currently closed while undergoing restoration.

Infrastructure
Rommerskirchen is the location of a large 380kV-substation of the RWE. The first 380kV-line in Germany went into service on October 5, 1957. It began between the transformer stations of Rommerskirchen and Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck. The strategic railway embankment begins at Rommerskirchen station, and Oekoven maintains a public railway facility. Rommerskirchen generally mean Roman Catholic Church.

Famous people

 * Horst Lichter (born 1962), German chef and television presenter

title: Rommerskirchen


text: Talk:Man in the Box

title: Talk:Man in the Box


text:
Talk:Linguistic turn

.
'Geisteswissenschaften' is humanities or arts (in a university context) and not metaphysics. I'd strongly suggest that metaphysics is actually wrong. So the translation would be something like 'under the influence of the other humanities'. As the original poster invited people to correct her/his translation I did just that. There were some other mistakes that actually distorted the meaning of the original article. I also added a sentence at the end. -- valie 18:31, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Edited to add: Actually when comparing withe original text I noticed that 'under the influence of the other humanities' is equally wrong as it should say something along the lines that the linguistic turn started with philosophy and under the influence of philosophy the other humanities also changed and started to consider language as a constitutive factor of reality. I hope my new translation actually says this. -- valie 20:13, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This article is triumphalistic, does not reflect a neutral point of view and does not have any references. The basic issue here - a turn against realism about arbitrary universals - was the major philosophical trend of the middle ages - see the work William of Ockham for example. The idea that language *constitutes* reality is subjective idealism, which is hardly NPOV. 166.70.56.235 06:34, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

The article gives the impression that the linguistic turn is associated with the later Wittgenstein and the French post structuralists. This is certainly not the way Rorty and Gustav Bergmann use the word. They use it about the shift of focus in philosophy from mind and perception to analysis of language, a tendency that were prominent in Frege, Moore and Russell, and fully developed in the philosophy of the Vienna circle.

The late Wittgensteinian idea that that philosophical problems to a large extent stem from linguistic confusions, should be mentioned in the article, but not as the initiation of the linguistic turn.

I don’t think it is correct that all philosophers that focus on language are epistemological anti-realists. So the section about realism is confusing.

The definition of realism in the article looks like epistemological realism, while the article links to metaphysical realism.

Based on all these flaws and inaccuracies, I suggest that the whole article is rewritten.

 * Agreed, Anonymous One. You've identified some important issues, so why not take a stab at expressing their resolution in the article? -- Rob C. alias Alarob 22:59, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

I don't think "Linguistic turn" should be part of a Wittgenstein series. The turn occurred long before Wittgenstein was active, and he is just one thinker affected by this turn. It's really like making "Capitalism" part of a Ronald Reagan series. Iairgo (talk) 20:39, 24 May 2013 (UTC)

Imprecise
Hi,

"In the tradition of analytical philosophy, according to Michael Dummett the linguistic movement first took shape in Gottlob Frege's 1884 work The Foundations on Arithmetic, specifically paragraph 62 where Frege explores the identity of a numerical proposition[further explanation needed].[3][4] This concern for the logic of propositions and their relationship to "facts" was later taken up by the notable analytical philosopher Bertrand Russell in "On Denoting", and played a weighty role in his early work in Logical Atomism.[5]" doesn't quite hit the bullseye.

 * In GdA para 62 Frege does not explore the identity of a numerical proposition, he sketches the program that exploring how two numerical propositions can express identical meanings is the way to developing a concept of "number", progressing to doing so in the subsequent paragraphs by first exploring the concept of "identity". Para 62 is otherwise noteworthy for containing one of the formulations of the context principle.
 * Perhaps the original author intended to reference the context principle (since much is made out of this), and merely described the content of the para to give background. If so, the emphasis should be changed.
 * The [3] reference contains no actual mention of para 62, nor, actually, of GdA, and should be stricken, or used to explain the Sense/Reference distinction. I have no access to [4], Dummett, but I suspect it would be useful to check it.
 * Frege, IMO, does not so much express concern for the relationship between the logic of propositions and "facts" here, as he is concerned with the relationship of sign, signifying, and signified (nomenclature may vary).

T 88.89.219.147 (talk) 22:55, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

Tendentious
The article simply follows Rorty in what it deigns to include and exclude. Why not just move the article to The Linguistic Turn. DCDuring (talk) 19:30, 23 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Linguistic turn


text:
Marienborg

Marienborg, a mid 18th-century country house perched on a small hilltop on the northern shore of Bagsværd Lake, Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality, 15 km north of downtown Copenhagen, has served as the official residence of Denmark's prime minister since 1962. It is frequently used for governmental conferences, summits and other official purposes, including the prime minister's new year speech. Unlike the residences of many other heads of government and state (e.g. the White House, 10 Downing Street, La Moncloa and Élysée Palace), Marienborg does not serve as the government headquarters or contain the office of the prime minister. The Prime Minister's Office is instead located in Christiansborg on Slotsholmen in downtown Copenhagen. Marienborg was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1964.

18th century
In the 18th century, the region north of Copenhagen became popular for its scenic views and opportunities for recreation with the surrounding meadows, woods and lakes, with many summer residences being built. Marienborg is one of several properties which were sold off from the Frederiksdal estate from the middle of the 18th century and used for the construction of country houses. They were collectively referred to as Ny Frederiksdal (New Frederiksdal) and also comprised Søro, Tusculum, Sophienholm and Christianelyst. The main building was constructed in around 1745 for the naval officer and director of the Danish Asiatic Company Olfert Fas Fischer. He was the father of the much more famous naval hero Olfert Fischer.

In 1750, Fischer sold the estate to Peter de Windt. Windt's widow, Maria Cathrine Michaelsdatter Fabritius, a daughter of the wealthy merchant Michael Fabritius, sold the estate to Jacob Frederik Schaffalitzky de Muckadell a few years after his death.

The next owner Gysbert Behagen, from 1764 to 1792, was a wealthy merchant, ship-owner and director of the Danish Asiatic Company. His city home was the Behagen House in Christianshavn.

Behagen was succeeded by Werner Hans Rudolph Rosenkrantz Giedde, a chamberlain and enthusiastic amateur flutist and composer. He was a member of a commission tasked with reorganizing the Royal Danish Orchestra and from 1791 to 1793 served as its administrative leader.

The estate was in 1795 acquired by Johan Frederik Lindencrone, the owner of the Lindencrone Mansion in Copenhagen as well as Gjorslev Manor on Stevns, who named it Marienborg after his wife Marie.

19th century
In 1800, Lindencrone had to sell Marienborg due to economic difficulties. The buyer, Johann Traugott Lebrecht Otto (1766–1824), had served as garrison surgeon on Saint Thomas in the Danish West Indies. In 1801, he sold the estate to Julius Ludvig Frederik Rantzau and Johan de Windt.

In 1803, Marienborg changed hands again when it was acquired by Jean de Coninck (1744–1807). He was the brother of Frédéric de Coninck, owner of the nearby Dronninggård estate. In 1806, in partnership with his brother, Charles August Selby and William Duntzfelt. Coninck had purchased the Royal Danish Silk Manufactury in Bredgade.

Peter Boll Wivet (1760–1824), a Supreme Court attorney, purchased Marienborg in 1809. Wivet's winter residence was at Gothersgade 15. Hiswidow, Catharina Sophie Wivet (née Ernst) resided at Marienborg until her death in 1849. Their daughter and only child, Cecilie (1802–1874), spæd the estate to Edvard Knudsen.

In 1855, Marienborg changed hands again. The new owner, Vilhelm Junius Lorentz Petersen, was the owner of Lorentz Petersen, a wine business with roots dating back to 1788.

On Lorentz Petersen's death in 1863, Marienborg was sold to Rosalie Moltke (née Hennings), whose husband, Adam Gottlob Moltke of Espe and Bonderup, had also just died. On her death, Marienborg remained in the hands of the Moltke family for the next 15 years.

1900–1960
Oscar Wandel, owner of Carl Wandel & Søn, a wine company, purchased Marienborg in 1899. In 1915, he sold the estate to Vilhelm Skovgaard-Petersen,

In 1935, Marienborg was acquired by lawyer and businessman C.L. David. David died in Copenhagen on 18 April 1960. As he had never married or fathered children, David left his entire estate to the C. L. David Foundation and Collection. At his request, the Marienborg country estate was willed to the Danish State, to be used as the summer residence of the country's prime or foreign minister. The State officially took over Marienborg in January 1962. His former city home in Kronprinsessegade was converted into a museum under the bane Thege David Collection.

Government ownership
Jens Otto Krag did not wish to use Marienborg and the property was therefore put at the disposal of his foreign minister, Per Hækkerup. Hilmar Baunsgaard used Marienborg as his primary residence. Anker Jørgensen became famous for preferring his modest apartment in the rundown Sydhavnen neighborhood of Copenhagen to Marienborg. In 1980, he started a new tradition of broadcasting the Prime Minister's official New Year's Speech from Marienborg.

Both Poul Schlüter and Poul Nyrup Rasmussen mainly used Marienborg as their summer residence. Crown Prince Frederik and Prince Joachim was privately tutored by Schlüter's wife Anne Marie Schlüter.

Anders Fogh Rasmussen started a new practice of using Marienborg mainly as a venue for political meetings and other official functions. This practice was continued by Helle Thorning Schmidt and Lars Løkke Rasmussen.

Lars Løkke Rasmussen used Marienborg as a venue for public St. Hans Evening celebrations.

Architecture
Many different owners have left their marks on Marienborg and its architecture. The interiors have also been modified repeatedly. Today, Marienborg stands out as a restored classicist estate with a few carefully selected modern accents.

Interior
The interior of the mansion was refurbished in 2018. The A.P. Møller and Hustru Chastine Mc-Kinney Møller Foundation has made a DKK 3.65 million donation for new furniture and art for the mansion.

List of owners

 * (1745–1750) Captain Olfert Fas Fischer
 * (1750–1753) Peter de Windt
 * (1753–1755) Maria Cathrine Michaelsdatter Fabritius
 * 1755–1764: Jacob Frederik Schaffalitzky de Muckadell
 * (1764–1793) Gysbert Behagen
 * (1793–1795) Hans Werner Rudolf Rosenkrantz Giedde
 * (1795–1800) Johan Frederik Lindencrone
 * (1800–1801) Johann Traugott Lebrecht Otto
 * (1801–1803) Julius Ludvig Frederik Rantzau/Johan de Windt
 * (1803–1807) Jean de Coninck
 * (1807–1809) Estate of Jean de Coninck
 * (1809–1824) Peter Boll Wivet
 * (1824–1849) Cathrine Ernst
 * (1849) Cecilie Wivet
 * (1849–1855) Edvard Knudsen
 * (1855–1863) Vilhelm Junius Lorentz Petersen
 * 1863–1864: Estate of Vilhelm Junius Lorentz Petersen
 * 1864–1885: Rosalie Hennings
 * 1885–1899: Moltke family
 * 1899–1915: Oscar Wandel
 * 1915–1934: Vilhelm Skovgaard-Petersen
 * 1934–1960: C. L. David
 * 1960–1962: Estate of C. L. David
 * 1962–present: State residence

State ownership: Prime Ministers

 * Viggo Kampmann 1960–1962 (born Viggo Olfert Fischer Kampmann, a descendant of the original owner)
 * Jens Otto Krag 1962–1968, 1971–1972
 * Hilmar Baunsgaard 1968–1971
 * Anker Jørgensen 1972–1973; 1975–1982
 * Poul Hartling 1973–1975
 * Poul Schlüter 1982–1993
 * Poul Nyrup Rasmussen 1993–2001
 * Anders Fogh Rasmussen 2001–2009
 * Lars Løkke Rasmussen 2009–2011, 2015–2019
 * Helle Thorning-Schmidt 2011–2015
 * Mette Frederiksen 2019–present

title: Marienborg


text:
Tim Noakes

Timothy David Noakes (born 1949) is a South African scientist, and an emeritus professor in the Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine at the University of Cape Town.

He has run more than 70 marathons and ultramarathons, and is the author of several books on exercise and diet. He is known for his work in sports science and for his support of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF, Banting) diet, as set out in his books The Real Meal Revolution and Lore of Nutrition: Challenging Conventional Dietary Beliefs.

Background
Noakes was born in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (today Harare, Zimbabwe) in 1949 as the son of a third-generation tobacco exporter and moved to South Africa at the age of five. As a young boy his main sporting interest was cricket. Noakes attended boarding school at Monterey Preparatory School in Constantia, Cape Town. One year was spent as a foreign exchange student at Huntington Park High School in Huntington Park, California. Prep school was followed by Diocesan College, from which he matriculated in 1966. He has earned an MBChB (1974), MD (1981), and DSc (Med) (2002).

Career
In 1980 Noakes was tasked to start a sports science course at the University of Cape Town. Noakes went on to head the Medical Research Council-funded Bioenergetics of Exercise Research Unit, which was later changed to the MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine.

In the early 1990s Noakes co-founded the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, with former South African rugby player Morne du Plessis.

He is a leading researcher on the condition now known as exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH). He first recognised this condition in a female runner during the 1984 Comrades Marathon, and published his findings in 1985 in the journal Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Noakes wrote the consensus statement for the 1st International Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia Consensus Development Conference in Cape Town in May 2005.

In 1996 Noakes published his theory of the "central governor". The theory proposed that fatigue is a "protective emotion" rather than a physiological state.

Noakes served on the selection panel for the International Olympic Committee’s Science Prize between 1995 and 2002. Noakes is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine.

In 2005 he undertook a series of experiments in the Arctic and Antarctic on South African (British-born) swimmer Lewis Gordon Pugh to understand human capability in extreme cold. He discovered that Pugh had the ability to raise his core body temperature before entering the water in anticipation of the cold and coined the phrase 'anticipatory thermo-genesis' to describe it. In 2007, Noakes was the expedition doctor for Pugh's one kilometre swim at the Geographic North Pole.

The Noakes Diet
Noakes has characterised mainstream dietary advice, which emphasizes carbohydrate consumption, as "genocide", and instead advocates a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet — a variation of the low-carbohydrate diet — often referred to in South Africa as the "Noakes Diet" (or, less commonly, the "Banting" diet). Noakes founded the Noakes Foundation in 2012 to help promote the diet, which is described in detail in Noakes's 2014 book The Real Meal Revolution. Noakes' father died from diabetes. Noakes believes his father's diet was instrumental in his decline, so following his own diagnosis with diabetes, Noakes changed his diet to a LCHF diet. He also reversed the carbohydrate-loading advice he had given previously to athletes, and which had featured extensively in his book Lore of Running. He has cited the effects of diabetes on his father and his father's life regrets as important motivation for his efforts to promulgate his dietary advice.

Despite following his diet, Noakes's fasting glucose levels barely budged, and he started taking the diabetes management drug metformin and dietary supplements to control the condition. He now describes himself as "cured" as long as he follows this regimen.

Registered dietician Megan Pentz-Kluyts said that omitting food groups, as Noakes's diet does, is the hallmark of fad diets not backed up by scientific evidence. After members of the Parliament of South Africa expressed support for his diet, fellow faculty members at the University of Cape Town accused him of making “outrageous, unproven claims about disease prevention” in an open letter they sent to the Cape Times. Wim de Villiers, dean of the faculty, accused Noakes of having no real scientific evidence to back up his assertions.

In February 2014 a registered dietician complained to the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) that Noakes tweeted to a mother that she should wean her baby onto low-carbohydrate, high-fat foods, which he described as real foods. The HPCSA held a hearing about the allegation against Noakes over the next few years. Controversially, on 28 October 2016, the HPSCA incorrectly released a statement announcing that Noakes had been found guilty of misconduct, namely "giving unconventional advice over social media". In a second press release issued over three hours later, the HPSCA apologised for the mistake. Noakes was cleared of misconduct in April 2017. The HPSCA lost its appeal in June 2018 and the appeal committee dismissed the HPSCA's case by unanimous decision. Noakes commented: "Acquitted on all counts, twice, by two different judging panels".

Noakes co-wrote the 2017 book Lore of Nutrition with journalist Marika Sboros. In it Noakes describes his conversion to LCHF dieting, and writes that in his view the lipid hypothesis is the "biggest mistake in modern medicine". He details his struggles with the medical establishment. Paediatrician Alastair McAlpine criticised Noakes's Lore of Nutrition book as "bad science" in a review, to which Noakes responded.

Clinical dietitian Ingrid Schloss, citing a 2018 study, pointed out that no significant differences were found between low-fat and low-carb diets, and suggested that instead of the "fundamentalism" of the Noakes diet, people should be encouraged to reduce added sugar and refined grains; choose more whole foods, and include a wide variety of vegetables.

Other controversies over public statements
In August 2014, Noakes tweeted: "Dishonest science. Proven link between autism and early immunisation covered up?". The tweet included a link to a video from disgraced ex-doctor and anti-vaccine activist Andrew Wakefield, in which Wakefield was repeating the conspiracy theory that the CDC is covering-up a link between vaccination and autism. Subsequently asked directly on Twitter if he thought there was a connection between the MMR vaccine and autism, Noakes responded: “Have no opinion. Focus of video was on wilful distortion of science and importance of whistleblowers. How did you miss it?”

Eduard Grebe, an epidemiologist and infectious disease specialist, has written that Noakes had "a long history of making misleading and false claims", including support for the false claim that MMR vaccines can cause autism and claiming that hydroxychloroquine was an effective treatment for COVID-19.

Awards and achievements
In 1996 he was honoured by the American College of Sports Medicine when he was asked to present the J.B. Wolfe Memorial Lecture, the college's keynote address at its annual meeting. In 2002 he was awarded a Doctorate in Science (DSc). In 2002 Noakes was awarded the International Cannes Grand Prix Award for Research in Medicine and Water, for his work on Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH). In 2004 Runner's World (USA) included this work as one of the 40 most important "persons or events" in the sport of running in the past 40 years. In 2008 he was elected an honorary fellow of the Faculty of Sports and Exercise Medicine (UK), the first foreigner to be so recognised. In that year he also received the Order of Mapungubwe (Silver), from the President of South Africa for his "excellent contribution in the field of sports and the science of physical exercise". In 2011 Noakes was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands. In 2012 he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from South Africa's National Research Foundation for his contribution to sports science research. In 2014 the Southern Africa Association for the Advancement of Science (S2A3) awarded Noakes their prestigious South Africa Medal (gold) for his outstanding contributions to sport physiology.

Selected publications
Noakes has written several books detailing his research in sports science and nutrition. A selected bibliography is given below.

 * Lore of Running (1986)
 * Running Injuries: How to Prevent and Overcome Them (1990)
 * Lore of Cycling (1990)
 * Running your Best (1995)
 * Rugby without Risk (1996)
 * Bob Woolmer’s Art and Science of Cricket (2008) with the late Bob Woolmer.
 * Challenging Beliefs: Memoirs of a Career (2012)
 * Waterlogged: The Serious Problem of Overhydration in Endurance Sports (2012)
 * The Real Meal Revolution (2014)
 * Raising Superheroes (2015)
 * Lore of Nutrition: Challenging Conventional Dietary Beliefs, with Marika Sboros (2017)
 * Real Food On Trial: How the diet dictators tried to destroy a top scientist, with Marika Sboros (2019)

title: Tim Noakes