text:
Talk:Psittacus

Older comments
I notice that all of the external links have been removed from this article. Is the aim of wikipedia not to create useful content for its visitors any more? Are the reasons behind the removal of these links of a political nature or a genuine attempt to improve wikipedia. I am not so sure. (Notting)

On what basis that the link to Tinkerbell webpage got removed? By calling that as spam? Can I judge who you are? Tinkerbell link was the first external link placed into this page a few years ago.

What is the authority of that person and how much is his knowledge of keeping flighted parrot at home? That he want all others to partake of his own ignorance? They burn books in the past. So in modern times of Internet, bookburners turn to labelling stuff they dislike as 'spam' and deleting offending links?

Is it because the way to keep a grey parrot (or any parrots) is to cut the wings and take away flight from them and Tinkerbell webpage is heretical against that mindset?

That same mindset that also hold on to that long discarded set of misbelief that height placement of cage affect relationship of parrot?

121.210.208.39 00:02, 10 February 2007 (UTC) shanlung This page used to have lots of useful links to other wiki pages. Where have they gone, they were helpful!

Can anyone provide an authority for the claim that these parrots can imitate up to 5000 words? seglea 22:47, 30 May 2005 (UTC)i can mine sang eminem moking bird

It's vague. See Irene Pepperberg's reasearch on Alex for more info. But they're certainly very inteligent and they can asociate words to objects (I think that's more important than a big number of words)

I cannot understand why Mikkalai removed my edit: "Greys captured in the wild need time and effort to adapt to human presence, and have a tendency to growl. Hand-fed Greys generally make wonderful and very affectionate companions.'' Rastapopoulos 07:03, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry. Restored. I cannot understand this myself. I looked into the history of my edits at this time period. I was tracking anon vandals from my watch list. Since wikipedia is a bit slowish, I usually open several windows for version comparisons. When this article was checked for suspect's contribs I most probably accidentally hit the "revert" button. I have absolutely no opinion about parrots and never edited pages about them. Sorry again. I will try harder to be more careful. mikka (t) 07:19, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Africal parrots need a special diet and need calcium suplements.

CHECK OUT THE "AFRICAN GREYS AS PETS" SECTION
Hey I recently restored the "African Grey Parrots as Pets" section of this article. Can anyone skilled in grammar and vocabulary check if the section's content contains any mistakes and enhance the section. By the way PLZ DON'T REMOVE THE INFORMATION ALREADY THERE. IT TOOK ME A LONG TIME TO GET THOSE AND THEY ARE FROM VERIFIABLE SOURCES. Birdeditor 21:31, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm unable to check your references for that section. Could you provide references from reputable online sources. Oh and PLEASE DON'T SHOUT, it's rude. --Dv82matt 00:38, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Take it easy birdeditor. If they are reliable and verifiable sources, it is not likely that they will be removed, unless it reads like a howto guide to Greys, in that case, it is unencyclopedic. -- Kim van der Linde at venus 00:46, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I have trouble with this sentence: "While captive-bred birds usually assimilate into their new households with relative ease, wild-caught African Grey parrots require (which are no longer legally available in the US or EU) can be difficult or impossible to take to life in a cage as a 'pet' bird."  The part after the comma does not make much sense and I am not sure what is meant, so cannot correct it. 198.96.180.245 (talk) 15:04, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Okay, the sentence now reads "While captive-bred birds usually assimilate into their new households with relative ease, wild-caught African Grey parrots (which are no longer legally available in the US or EU) can find it difficult or impossible to adapt to life in a cage as a pet". That reads much better to me. --Kurt Shaped Box (talk) 16:25, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Note re. 'wild-caught' African greys. Although these birds cannot now be imported legally as 'pets'into the UK (EU) or USA, they will remain 'available' for many decades. This is because grey parrots are long-lived birds and will be re-sold for many years. So, it would still be useful to state that greys known to be of wild caught origin can be difficult to keep as 'pet' birds since they would find such conditions too stressful. Wild-caught greys are best housed in a colony non-breeding aviary for the rest of their lives.

Greg Glendell 81.156.251.200 (talk) 18:03, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

"African Grey Parrots as Pets" - "verifiable" sources
Most of the information available in that section is taken from www.itsagreysworld.com, that site itself is owned by an experienced owner of multiple African Greys all of whom receive great individual attention according to the site. The site is contains some useful and genuine information and is very informative. The few remaining other sources are miscellaneous, and the information left by the contributor before me is not deleted. Birdeditor 21:07, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Surely this website should be referenced or put in the external links if the information came from www.itsagreysworld.com - Jamie Turner

The information is strangely identical to www.africancongogrey.com. So did itsagreyworld copied from africancongogrey or the other way? It doesnt matter at all to me since both believed that as long as wings do not touch side of cage and head tail do not touch top and bottom that it is ok. I am happy to remain an amateur if being an 'expert' meant advocating stuff like that.

Shanlung 12:10, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Out of curiosity, I did a Yahoo search with portion of that article http://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A0geu7.QyuZFj84A0ixXNyoA?p=%22become+territorial.+An+African+Grey+who+spends+most+of%22&ei=UTF-8&fr=ush-groups&x=wrt

And a whole slew of sites spewed out with that same stuff. Who copied who? Same kind of 'quality information'? Will even become self fulfilling prophecies. Was that link to Tinkerbell cut to allow those kind of stuff to go round and round new owners to be self-enshrining in stone?

Shanlung 12:53, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

I work as a companion parrot behaviourist in the UK. I have bred grey parrots at one time, but no longer do so. Much of the information given on how to care for this species is not of sufficient quality to avoid considerable suffering in greys, were they to be kept in a cage of merely 36 inches wide and deep, and had their wings clipped and were hand reared (forcibly deprived of normal parental interactions prior to fledging). Birds raised and kept by these means are very vulnerable to severe behavioural problems once they mature at 2 to 4 years of age. Common behavioural problems in greys include stereotypies, self-plucking and self-mutilation. I can cite scientific sources as well as anecdotal sources for the problems being more likely in 'hand-reared' (parentally deprived)greys. Much information on care of captive birds is written by those who seem to lack a scientific understanding of animal behaviour. A better contribution would result from writers with some knowledge of applied behaviour analysis and/or ethology. I guess I should edit the article, but I feel like I'd have to re-do about 70% of it. Alfie1960 (talk) 10:25, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I guess that it would be great if you would provide some referenced scientific material. Why not make a start? Snowman (talk) 10:36, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

Hello Snowman, I have made some changes to African greys pages and added the references. Alfie1960 (talk) 16:04, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

Aging
I'd like to see a couple references to again, but I don't feel I have enough experience to do a major edit to an article such as this. Namely, I'm referring to the differences in appearance as CAG and TAG parrots age. After the first molt (around 12 months), tailfeathers grow back without black tips, but rather fully red. The iris slowly lightens from pure-black at hatch to bight yellow around 18 months. Also, vocalization in the form of human speech minicry typically develops around 12-18 months of age. Anybody feel up to it? Thadius856 18:46, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I think life expectancy should appear somewhere too. It's a more significant factor than some of the other information in the 'as a pet' section.  81.157.122.109 00:10, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Its in there. --LiamE 03:40, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

I'd like to know...
Would it be acceptable to play around with the idea of splitting this article up into more topics?

It seems "African Greys as Pets" is kind of a vague spectrum. In this portion of the article it covers history to care. I don't find it very organized at all.

I think perhaps it would be more appropriate if we seperated the article into a few different topics such as "Care and Grooming" (Or something like that) "Habits and Lifestyle" (You see what I'm getting at?)

I'm not saying any of the information should be dumped, but just seperated in a more organized way.

Anyone with me on this?

-Also, I may have pictures of baby CAGs if you think there is a place for them.

Best Regards Le Peregrine 21:27, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

 * No problem. I think we should keep the article in one piece, like I noted on your talk page, but the "African Greys as Pets" section should be seperated into subsections. I have tons of pictures as well, but lets worry about that for when we have a long enough article to fit a couple more pictures. thadius856talk 22:49, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I would like to see more pictures. Do you have a photograph of the eggs. Snowman 16:19, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

Notice of import
A copy of this article was moved to wikibooks using the Import tool (with all revisions). If this article was marked for copy to wikibooks or as containing how-to sections, it can now be safely rewritten.

If contributors are interested in expanding on the practical information that was in this article, please do so on the wikibooks side. For pointers on writing wikibooks, see Wikibooks:Wikibooks for Wikipedians. -- SB_Johnny | talk | books 13:54, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

They eat
they eat artichokes, rice, chesnut, but many people say that hazelnut is poisonus for they. Are there references? 212.97.182.180 13:25, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

I would question the claim that African Greys should not eat dairy products. Textbooks say they should have cheese for calcium. Anyone taking the advice of this author risks their African Grey having weakened bones. African Greys are NOT like other parrots. For example, they can eat boiled chicken.213.208.114.13 (talk) 16:06, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Aviculture WikiProject proposal
See WikiProject Council/Proposals. The purpose of this project is to help increase the amount and quality of content related to aviculture on wikipedia, and to maintain and organise articles relating to the subject, eventually bringing as many as possible up to good- or featured-article status. Snowmanradio (talk • contribs) 16:41, 28 January 2007 (UTC).

Logic
"While comparative judgements of animal intelligence are always very difficult to make objectively..."

Wouldn't all comparative judgements be difficult to make objectively, by virtue of them being comparative and not objective? Or am I totally off-piste here? 81.157.122.109 00:00, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Yup you are are a bit off on that. Whether or not a comparative judgement is objective or not depends simply on whether or not the subject being measured is being measured in objective terms. Lets say for instance we looked at a comparative temperatures for London and Moscow over a year the results would be objective as there is no confusion on how to measure temperature. On the other hand inteligence is far harder if not impossible to pin down. How do you compare Einstein to Da Vinci to Mozart? All geniuses in their fields to be sure but how would you objectively test that? Then try developing a test that thart a parrot can (or will) complete... Not easily done. --LiamE 03:41, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

book burner
"Wikipedia spam also consists of external links to websites which primarily exist to sell goods or services, use objectionable amounts of advertising, or require payment to view the relevant content. "

I do not see Tinkerbell webpage exist to sell goods or services and with no advertising and no payment required. By Wikipedia defination of spam, Tinkerbell webpage is not spam.

WHO ARE YOU TO TAKE ON YOURSELF TO REMOVE TINKERBELL LINK? IS IT BECAUSE YOU DESIRE ALL PARROTS TO BE KEPT CRIPPLED WITH WINGS CUT? THAT SHOWING PEOPLE A FLIGHTED PARROT CAN BE KEPT IS ABHORENT TO YOU AND MUST NEVER BE SHOWN AS AN ALTERNATIVE WAY?

Shanlung

Deli nk, that self appointed censor who insist on removing Tinkerbell link knew nothing on parrots and yet see fit to burn books that she knew nothing about. After throwing out that link saying that was spam, she tried to throw that out saying thats 'inappropriate'. I cannot see how someone who knew nothing on Congo African Grey Parrots will ever know what is appropriate.

Shanlung 23:24, 21 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Stop shouting. Stop calling me names.  I have never referred to it as spam.  If you'll calm down, we can talk about it like adults. Deli nk 13:02, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

Wikipedia is to be a collaborative effort that bring together information on a subject. For that to be meaningful, people involved must know not just at a deep level the subject matter, they must be involved directly in the subject itself. I shared years of my life with a Congo African Grey. I am also into many major parrot forums and well known as Shanlung for years. I have yet to come across Deli nk or Pcock in those parrot forums. It is a very valid question that I ask if you have kept African Grey or even other types of parrot. If you have not, how are you going to understand what is to go into that subject.

It is almost like reading all books on how to swim and decide you know all about swimming without even getting into the water. Then on that basis, you will decide the appropriate reading material for swimmers and people who want to know about swimming.

Telling me " link is inappropriate per WP:EL and WP:RS" is not reason enough. I read through WP:EL and WP:RS long ago. How much do you know of keeping a Grey that you can interprete WP:EL and WP:RS to be the judge, jury and executioner? Can I knowing only a little on flower and gardening decide to go into flower and gardening section and decide on what people are to read?

For such an intelligent creature as a Grey, why do you accept what is written that they can be kept in a cage as long as their wings do not touch the side and the head and tail do not touch the top and bottom of cage. Because thats written correctly grammer wise?

And pick on my link that offers respect and entirely different way of treating them?

There is no intellectualising about keeping African Grey. You must keep a Grey before you can talk about keeping Grey. All that I have done are easily verifiable from the hundreds of photos and videos that documented them. The material I offered is to allow other Grey keepers to glimpse into a world where the Grey is allowed full flight at home for them to decide if that way is better than keeping their grey in a tiny cage where the wings do not touch the walls and head and tail do not touch the top and bottom of cage. They also have complete and free guidance in the material to do what I have done or even better. I only want for those Grey keepers their choice to chose.

Shanlung 11:29, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Just my penny-worth. I found the Tinkerbell / free flighted Grey keeping very interesting. However as a single experience it isnt that encyclopedic. I'd rather see a link to a more generalised site on flighted grey keeping (if there is such a site) either before it or instead of it if the site itself includes the info from the Tinkerbell source among others. There are upsides to flighted birds that go hand in hand with risks that need to be managed - its not for everyone but it is interesting and adds another aspect to the article which can't be a bad thing. Although the Tinkerbell site is specific to Greys the keeping of flighted parrots is quite generalised and perhaps deserves an article of its own. --LiamE 04:05, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Hi LiamE, I want to thank TexasAndroid first as he rescued this entire section from being burned. I also restored that very important and balanced article on wings clipping. That was written by Pamela Clark, one of the foremost parrot behaviour consultant. That article was based largely on her experience as a breeder of African Greys and with insights into the mentality of Greys. That she went on to cover all other parrots as well should not meant that therefore, that article is no longer on Greys.

As for what is encyclopedic, that word meant 'covering or including a broad range of detailed knowledge'. As far as I know, there are no generalised site on flighted grey keeping. The only comprehensive site on flighted grey (or any parrot for that matter) is Tinkerbell site. I am not even certain if greys can or should be kept as 'pets'. They are viewed by me and all other grey keepers that I respect as family members and companions. Should I be asked to write on keeping them as pets, I decline. Talking about the physical aspects of their care will be very easy.

But thats such a tiny facet.

Of even greater importance will be the mental aspects and the relationships being developed with your grey (or other parrots). People are all different, and as greys are so intelligent, each grey will also be different from each other. The relationship established will be unique and different from one another. The only way to know of greys and other parrots will be to participate in online forums with others who are keeping greys. Should we try for an 'average', it is like averaging or combining colors of rainbow to getting a meaningless 'white'. I decided I will tell the many grey keepers that I know of this site here. That if their participating here is vital too.. Hopefully, they will come and try to take part in the expansion of this article and make it better. Read that here http://shanlung.livejournal.com/65819.html

Shanlung 12:35, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I "rescued" the section because it was deleted by an anon, with no edit description whatsoever. Stuff on talk pages is only deleted for very limited reasons.  And in this one, no reasons were given, so it appeared a very vandalistic action for the section to be deleted.  I can guess at why it was deleted, someone disagreeing with your agressive way of handling things, for instance, but that would be only guesswork and speculation.  As long as you do not violate the rules of the project, you have as much right as anyone else to be on the talk page.  And an anonymous, reason-less, deletion of your message gives no justification for the deletion.
 * So, really, do not consider me to be on your side on this just because I reverted an apparently improper deletion of your words. The revert was an endorsement only of your right to speak here, not an endoresment of anything you have to say.  (And, in the end, I'm not opposing you either.  I honestly don't really care much about the subject one way or the other.  I have the page bookmarked because it's a spam/vandalism target, and am keeping an eye out for such to revert.) - TexasAndroid 13:38, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

TexasAndroid,

I checked your page and your records after that rescue and could see your other works as an admin. Within the context of Internet, my arguements are mild but you are entitled to think otherwise. I rather you remain as a neutral Admin. You cannot take one side or the other especially your background indicated you are not into parrots, birds and greys in particular and cannot be expected to have the passion of one deeply involved. Thank you again

Shanlung 11:43, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Hi LiamE or any Admin here

Any thoughts on what I written in ""African Grey Parrots as Pets" - "verifiable" sources" ???

Shanlung 12:29, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

To Admins

Tinkerbell site has again been removed by anonymous on claims that 'adverts' are inside when in fact, no adverts are in there at all. I do have other more enjoyable pursuits in life than to do shadow boxing with nameless entites. If vandals knowing nothing but their focused prejudices are to be sole control of entries than little more will be said by me. I rather go smell roses than to indulge with them by replacing that link to be torn down by vandals yet again

Shanlung 02:08, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

.....................A potential FA canditate?
This page is on the way...added a description bit but I have run out of time for the mo'.

AFAICT - Needs a distribution section and surely there must be some meaty dna taxonomy info out there...and a bit of a tidy up of course. cheers, Casliber | talk  |  contribs 19:57, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

 * It has far too much of a how to feel to the pet section to be a FA ATM. Titanium Dragon 04:34, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Too much of a how to feel
The section on Grey Parrots as pets has way too much of a how to feel. It needs to be wikified or removed. Titanium Dragon 04:35, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Removal of external links on 08/15/07
I removed the following external links:

 * African Grey Parrot resources
 * African Congo Grey Resources
 * African Parrot Resource

The first points to a (currently) suspended web site, the second appears to be a non-verbatim copy of the information in this article, and the third is an obvious "google ad" site. Unfortunately this leaves no external links - can anyone find any reliable and useful resources to link to? Ruyn 18:53, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

 * It's no problem - many articles don't have any links. If one turns up sometime it can always be added later. cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 20:01, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
 * The first link is working again now. Re-adding Rich Farmbrough, 23:15 3 November 2007 (GMT).

Attack of the link Nazis
Who decided on the one page policy that nothing with an advert can be used? That is not wikipolicy. Granted if the site's sole aim is to sell you stuff it should be removed pronto but what is with informative sites that have a bit of advertising being removed? May I point out that many of the most informative sites on the net are commercial and contain advertising. Should we remove every link and reference to the Newscientist, for example, as it tries to flog you a subscription on every page? Surely the criteria must be the strength of the info the link contains not whether it contains advertising. --LiamE 09:26, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

 * i agree, this is typical wikipedian behavior here. chest pounding and quoting of "wikipedian policy". people use and abuse the "policy" to limit the site to what they wish it to be. if wikipedia were a commercial encyclopedia then maybe this would have some merit, but this is a communal project in which all points of view are to be shared, and providing legitimate external links pertaining to the subject is part of that process. i think the majority of people here are in consensus that it is a valid link and it is a small, but determined minority who keep removing the link. rather than asking why these anonymous editors keep deleting, lets just revert and replace. we already even have admin consensus that the links were ok.--71.205.253.125 (talk) 23:32, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

Colour spelling
I'd like to discuss the spelling of the colour "gray" in the name "African Grey Parrot". I have never understood why gray is spelt "grey" in the name, since it is refering to the general colour of the bird. If anyone knows why this is so, can they please add information to the article? Thanks! --Adamd1008 (talk) 23:14, 9 January 2008 (UTC)
 * It reflects the Commonwealth English spelling of the colour. For more info check out American and British English spelling differences. The article was clearly started by someone using the Commonwealth spelling, although a glance at the article shows that some other editor has used American spellings (color). For consistencies sake the article should be edited to reflect one spelling, in most instances the spelling of the original editor(s) is  retained (in this case British). Sabine's Sunbird   talk  23:53, 9 January 2008 (UTC)
 * It goes further than just Br Eng spelling in this case. Even in the USA the spelling "grey" is correct when referring to the parrot. Why I don't know, but it is. --LiamE (talk) 04:02, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

Requesting Review of My Link
My brother and I have recently outdoor free flight trained our congo African Grey. We are a commercial site but these three pages do not suggest to purchase anything. Just great content. Please have a look and let me know. http://www.birdtricks.com/AfricanGreyParrots/congo-free-flight.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chet Womach (talk • contribs) 21:54, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Grey parrot makes international news!
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080521/ap_on_fe_st/odd_japan_parrot_returns Bob the Wikipedian (talk) 18:11, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

The intelligence of a 6-year-old?
Can the BBC be considered a reliable source on this? Can African Grays read and write? Can they write stories? Can they carry on conversations actually at the level of a 6-year-old? I mean, if they can learn to use language, then you could give one an IQ test. Would one really score like an average 6-year-old?

Can somebody find a more credible source, or an explanation of what the claim is supposed to mean? Mark Foskey (talk) 02:47, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

Human children develop different abilities at different times. For example, children before the age of 4 don't appear to have a "theory of mind." A common version of the test involves having the child watch a video of two children. One child in the video hides a toy in place A and leaves the room. The second child moves the toy to place B. The child being studied is asked "Where will the first child look for the toy? Before age 4, the child will say B. Beginning at age 4, most children begin to understand the answer is A. These are the sorts of benchmarks that phrases "function at the level of a 4 year-old" refer to. Some birds have been shown to pass the "theory of mind" test. Parrots can engage in forms of logic, understanding of causality, and such that human children do not learn until 6-8 years old (going from memory there). Pepperberg's Alex transferring a zero-like concept from one usage to another would be an example. Greys can do some things that even the great apes cannot do. In a "Turing test" setting, though, no one would ever mistake an African grey parrot for a 6 year old human. I'd guess they function similar to a 1 to 2 year old at most, but my experience with human children is limited. Emotionally, most people seem to agree parrots behave like two-year olds on a bad day.

There are other questions: Alex was chosen at random--could he, by chance, have been exceptionally intelligent for a grey? How much of Alex's abilities were due to the environment he was raised in? Humans raised by animals have less intellectual capacity. Does being raised by humans give Alex and other pet birds abilities they would not have "normally"? What would happen to a human raised by super-intelligent aliens? UnSpace (talk) 16:58, 24 June 2009 (UTC)

It should be taken into consideration that it takes much training to get a parrot to get to this stage of intelligence. It could take years to get a parrot to talk at the level of a 2-4 year old child. It is has been said that when a child is learning in a room with adults that the child will say random words of names of things in the room to get the adults attention. The child is trying to join the conversation, a parrot on the other hand will repeat words that it has learned but will not have the capability of just knowing the name of an object unless it has been trained to learn the name of that object. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sanchezst (talk • contribs) 02:12, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Red factor African Grey
Does anyone happen to have a GFDL/CC-licensed image of this colour mutation (or any of the other listed mutations for that matter)? I guess that if someone did, then it would probably be in the article already - but still, it would be a very interesting addition. Just a quick nudge. --Kurt Shaped Box (talk) 02:14, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

leg bands / rings
anyone know anything about what they mean

i have 2 african grey's and they'r bands have 4 letters and 5-7 numbers

and yeah those bands are put one by breeders

there are 2 types of rings / bands solid closed alminium and clammed rings (for putting on adaults)

Bands are not standardized. Breeders order bands with their codes. There used to be a web site listing breeders and codes, but last I checked it was defunct. Band information is often determined by the manufacturer. Often a breeder will use their initials or a few letters representing their aviary, a 2 digit year date and a chick sequence number--1, 2, 3, etc. Others simply have bands that run in sequence. Note that if there is a 2-digit year given, it may be inaccurate. If the breeder didn't order bands for 2009 yet and they need to band a chick, they may use last years--or one from 5 years ago! UnSpace (talk) 17:19, 24 June 2009 (UTC)

New articles for Congo African Grey parrot and Timneh African Grey Parrot
Should I make new articles for Congo African Grey parrot and Timneh African Grey Parrot? The High Fin Sperm Whale (talk) 01:56, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

 * i think there a symbol of birds that had sex with each other like two bands in the whole world that are the same had sex with each other

Noises
Under the subject Noises for this article, "R. Parnefjord, MD, Ph.D." has inserted original research written in the first person, both of which do not comply with style guidelines. I believe everything after "...and any other electronic sound that is often heard by the parrot." should be removed.

SyntheticProsthetic (talk) 05:20, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

my parrots say fuck me fuck me give me some sugar kissy kiss

What foods do congo african grey parrots prefer (in captivity)
Is it possible for anyone to give me some advise on the best foods to give my congo african grey parrot, she is 15years old and daily in a cage (because i work fulltime) I just want to give her the best affordable food. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.242.211.201 (talk) 08:11, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Try something like one third quality dry parrot feed, one thrid fruit - apples, bananas, grapes, whatever, and one third vegetables and greens - wahtever you have basically. Make sure you check up on what is poisonous - I cannot stress that highly enough. Also you need plenty of stuff for them to chew so it helps if you find a suitable tree you can get fresh chews from, again checking what is poisonous. Different birds like diffent things though and birds not used to a varied diet are often slow to adjust to it but it is worth persevering in the long run. --LiamE (talk) 22:51, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

Original work?
This paragraph contains original work as source:
 * One exceptionally talented African Grey is N'kisi, who in 2004 already was said to have a vocabulary of over 900 words and was noted for creative use of language, as had been Alex. For example, when Jane Goodall visited N'kisi in his New York home, he greeted her with "Got a chimp?" as he'd seen pictures of her with chimpanzees in Africa. His voice sounds so near to a human's that a conversation between him and his owner seems to be a chat between two women.

You should also take a look at the website used as reference. The website claims an existing telepathic link between the parrot N'kisi and Aimee Morgana... Come on. Correjon (talk) 07:17, 27 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Current scientific concensus : there is no credible scientific evidence for the existence of telepathy at all. Therefore the source is both original work and unreliable. Correjon (talk) 07:25, 27 March 2010 (UTC)

The website is run by a guy who in interested in the possibility of telepathy and so on and has details of a test conducted on the subject. The fact that he also links to critisms of the test suggests to me he is acting in a responsible manner, presenting both sides of an admittedly outlandish argument. While I am VERY sceptical of any results that point towards actual telepathy it is also wrong to dismiss out of hand well conducted tests with good methodology. Sure the result that pointed towards some sort of link is likely either abberant or wil be expalined at a later time by another mechanism or a flaw found in the methodology but that doesnt make the source unreliable for reporting on the test, its methodology, its results and critically the critisims of the test and result. Futhermore the paragraph quoted looks to be quite non controversial in any case. Science is not furthered by dismissing ANYTHING out of hand, only by conducting experiments to see what is demonstarably true so it simply is not correct to dismiss work on fields that fly in the face of scientific concensus. In fact many advances in science have come from people doing exactly that. --LiamE (talk) 12:04, 27 March 2010 (UTC)

african greys
hi just a quick question our african grey ruby has just laid an egg but her pooh a funny colour its brown was wondering if this was normal —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.139.199.141 (talk) 14:40, 30 October 2010 (UTC)

citations needed
Citations of Pepperberg et al should link to www.alexfoundation.org. Pepperberg collaborated with various ornithologists (www.alexfoundation.org/papers/) Some researchers (e.g., Gagnon & Dor6,1992,1994; Pepperberg & Kozak, 1986; Triana & Pasnak, 1981; Wood et al., 1980).

IMPORTS: The USDA stopped importing African Greys in 1992 and has very limited records to identify birds. For example a split ring stainless band on one leg with the state abbreviation and number will only tell you which state the bird came into, and that it was imported prior to 1992. Since these birds live such a long time, many are still alive and any birds born 1992 to present were hatched in the US from existing stock. I have contacted the USDA, and I know they could not tell me more than this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.241.97.197 (talk) 19:23, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

mutations have to be reviewed
parino and incomplete ino, are the same mutation, par=partial, also the mutation names better be changed to the standard parrots naming.XP_2600 (talk) 00:06, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

Long lived?
I've heard these are long lived birds and was surprised the article says nothing about this. --Marc Kupper|talk 21:26, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Me too! A small amount of longevity info added. --Kurt Shaped Box (talk) 22:39, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

 * The longevity entry says the longest reliably recorded longevity is 4 years. I had a hamster that lived longer than that. Looks like a typo. Perhaps should be 40 years? ~madmax — Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.97.133.244 (talk) 20:16, 25 February 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Psittacus


text:
William Morton (Manitoba politician)

William Morton (July 3, 1884, in Gladstone, Manitoba – January 28, 1958) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1927 to 1958, and was a cabinet minister in the governments of John Bracken, Stuart Garson and Douglas Campbell. His father, Thomas Lewis Morton, was a member of the assembly from 1888 to 1903.

Morton was educated at St. John's College in Winnipeg, and was prominent in athletics, notably football, hockey and curling. He was a councillor in the municipality of Westbourne from 1913 to 1917, and was its reeve from 1917 to 1927.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1927 provincial election as a Progressive, in the rural constituency of Gladstone. He was returned as a Liberal-Progressive in the 1932 election, after the two parties formed an alliance.

Re-elected again in the 1936 election, Morton was promoted to cabinet on November 22, 1939, as Municipal Commissioner in John Bracken's government. On February 14, 1944, he was given additional cabinet responsibilities as Minister under the Manitoba Telephone Act.

When Douglas Campbell became Premier of Manitoba on December 14, 1948, he relieved Morton of the Municipal Affairs portfolio, but kept him as minister under the Manitoba Telephone Act, Minister under the Manitoba Power Commission Act, and Minister of Public Utilities under the Municipal and Public Utility Board Act. His title was later simplified to Minister of Public Works and Minister of Public Utilities. In these portfolios, Morton continued Campbell's work in providing electricity to the rural areas of the province.

In 1952, Morton approved a motion which gave aboriginal Canadians in Manitoba the right to vote in provincial elections.

Morton holds the unique distinction of having been returned without opposition in four consecutive elections: 1941, 1945, 1949 and 1953.

Morton stepped down from his ministerial portfolios on January 28, 1955, and served as a minister without portfolio until his death in Winnipeg in early 1958.

Manitoba Cooperative Commonwealth Federation leader Lloyd Stinson described Morton as the "strong silent" man of Campbell's administration. He was a loyal supporter of Campbell, and often used his extensive ties to municipal politicians for the government's benefit.

In 1907, he married Mary Mathilda Manwaring. Morton's son, William Lewis Morton, was a prominent Canadian historian. There is currently a William Morton Collegiate in Gladstone, Manitoba.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: William Morton (Manitoba politician)


text:
Talk:Chevrolet Tahoe

Removal of redundant info
I'm kind of a newbie at cleaning up articles, as this potentially unnecessary addition to the talk page might be evidence of; however, I have removed a grossly unformatted and redundant "paragraph" of information that had been added under the 2000-2006 Tahoe/Yukon engine infobox. The infobox itself has links corresponding to both available engines, therefore the paragraph (even if formatted properly) was not needed and was nothing more than clutter.  Illini407  talk 15:18, 12 March 2013 (UTC)

Questions
Will the 2007 generation of the Tahoe still provide a 9-passenger version of the Tahoe? --SuperDude 22:48, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

When will the 2008 hybrid version be out?

Check the offical Chevy Tahoe site. Regards,  Signature brendel  05:50, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

I did- I didn't see anything about the 2008.

 * Well the first question as well as my answer was in regards to the '07. The '08 Hybrid version may be out in late 2007 according to this edmunds.com article.  Signature brendel  06:00, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

Rename to Chevrolet Tahoe / GMC Yukon
Any objections to inclusive renaming? --matador300 04:30, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a good idea, I always found it kind of strange that you had to go to the Tahoe page to read about the Yukon when we have several pages with a double name.  Signature brendel  15:14, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I've got an even better idea. Why not have two different articles? Even if the two vehicles are very similar or even exactly the same, they're two different cars with two different histories, and having them both in one article makes it difficult to use the article for research on just one of them. GO-PCHS-NJROTC (talk) 20:48, 4 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Lexus ES330 does not redirect to Toyota Camry. Sole Flounder (talk) 03:45, 24 May 2010 (UTC)

Seating capacity of different generations
Could somebody talk about the seating configurations and capacity of each generation? I'm not sure if the late 1990's had 9 passenger options, etc.

i dont think so, the k5 blazer only seated 5 or 6, so i dont think so   —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.254.44.246 (talk) 04:12, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

68.40.43.141 15:02, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Politician controversy
The article should include controversy on politicians who condemn but drive the vehicle.

The article already discussed this car model in connection with The Apprentice. Are Congressman and their controversies less notable than an old TV show? On a national radio broadcast and later in various newspapers the other day, it was reported that a US Congressman was caught owning and driving this car model despite calling himself an environmentalist and campaigning to outlaw. I added three sentences to this article... Sentence 1) he owns and personally drives the GMC Yukon; Sentence 2) His public and voting records condemn the very model; and Sentence 3) A summary quote direct from Seattle Times. One admin apparently doesn't want the facts about this to get out, and keeps deleting the three sentences. I didn't know this until this morning when I go to see if anyone else added any more newspapers to the list of references discussing this, and find that this admin is single-handedly complaining about this, apparently because of some vested interest. Rather than handle the matter properly, he ignores his obvious conflict of interest, makes unfounded accusations, and locks the article so that only admins can edit it. Well he can't lock the Discussion page, and I want you to know the truth! --24.187.199.178 (talk) 19:33, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

 * The issue you raise is more relevant to large SUVs in general than this particular one. It wouldn't matter whether this politician were driving a GMC Yukon or a Ford Expedition; there's nothing particular about this SUV that makes the issue important to an article about this SUV. That's why it was consistently removed from this article. IFCAR (talk) 20:59, 12 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Agreed, also the accusations of "obvious conflict of interest" are entirely baseless. I have zero connection with GM or GMC or any politician nor have I taken any action to indicate this.  I did not lock the page to anonymous editing (done by another admin), although I did invite the IP to bring this issue to the talk page.  Which the apparently refused to do until they could no longer edit war. --Leivick (talk) 21:08, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

This is the model the politician was driving, he wasn't driving any other model! If a reader doesn't know the exact model, how could the reader compare its statistics with what the politician had voted for or against? How is this news event different from The Apprentice if the only interesting thing there was the environmentalism controversy?

No one asked me to discuss this here; *I* chose to discuss rather than react in a kneejerk manner. The admin with the conflict of interest here is Ckatz. It's unbelievable the way he chose to handle this. Should an editor lock an article without once trying to discuss the matter first? Should an editor who is in the thick of a disagreement recognize that he has a conflict of interest and ask another admin for unbiased input? --24.187.199.178 (talk) 21:16, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

This material is clearly more relevant to the politician in question than to the car. It does not belong here in this article. Friday (talk) 21:27, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

With regards to page protection, the article was semi-protected to avoid the demonstrated problem of a rotating series of IPs adding material not directly related to the article. The IP's spurious accusations of censorship, conflict of interest, and the like serve only to distract attention from their pattern of behaviour. There is nothing preventing them from discussing the matter here and seeking consensus. --Ckatz chat spy  21:34, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

Let me just reiterate the 'circle the wagons' mentality here by means of an example.

A hypothetical politician might condemn "terrorists" but then be photographed socializing with Osama Bin Laden. Your reasoning is that the only proper place for that account is on the politician's article, and it would be out of place on Osama Bin Laden's article? Frankly, that makes no sense to me. Please explain, or explain how my analogy is unanalogous. --24.187.199.178 (talk) 21:46, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

 * In such a case, the info may well belong in both places. In this instance, it does not.  If the above arguments are not convincing to you, I doubt further explanation will be.  So, please, stop re-inserting this material here. Friday (talk) 21:52, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

 * WP:Lead, "including any notable controversies". Perhaps this could be included in the lead, with a link to a more general SUV article, where the full controversy could be included. I assume that the reference given is correct, and not misinformation? if so, it should be considered as notable; as "the IP" here said in an edit summary, "How often is a particular auto model the focus of a Times news story?" HarryAlffa (talk) 14:59, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

 * The automobile is not the focus of the Times article. Its focus is a politician who mentioned the automobile. IFCAR (talk) 15:25, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

The articles main subjects are threefold I think;

 * David Wu
 * National Republican Congressional Committee
 * Use of a SUV

The political "gotcha" attempt was the contrast between "green" policy and "non-green" SUV's. The newspaper article mentions the type of vehicle. I agree that the main focus is not this particular SUV, but as per WP:Link & WP:Lead, I think a mention and a link to a section in SUV or the David Wu article (or both) passes the test of sufficient notability & controversy.

I've recast the text so that it is neutral, interesting, notable, accurate(?)
 * The National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) stirred controversy in 2009 when it released video of Oregon Congressman and self-described environmentalist David Wu driving his own GMC Yukon on YouTube. He has voted to require fuel efficiency standards of 26 mpg in 2005 and of 27.5 mpg in 2007 for passenger automobiles and sport utility vehicles ; the best mileage General Motors has reported for any GMC Yukon, the model he was driving, is 21 mpg. The Seattle Times quoted NRCC spokeswoman Joanna Burgos as saying, "What it shows is that David Wu tries to be one person when he's back in Oregon, and a different one when he's in Washington, D.C.", although she acknowledged that both Republicans and Democrats drive SUVs. The Seattle Times also quoted spokeswoman Julia Louise Krahe countering that he bought the black GMC Yukon eight years ago so that it could carry his dog, a couple of strollers and his family, and that he and his family regularly practice recycling in their household.

It would be nice to find space for it somewhere on Wikipedia! HarryAlffa (talk) 17:35, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

 * The text (or a variant of it) already is on Wikipedia, at David Wu. That's the point that people are trying to make above. --Ckatz chat spy  18:30, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

 * No it doesn't. That text can't accurately be described as "a variant". HarryAlffa (talk) 18:57, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * It is now. I've changed that text for neutrality, & provided a link in the lead of this article. I hope this satisfies editors, WP:Lead & WP:Link. Cheers. HarryAlffa (talk) 19:08, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * This issue is only a controversy in the dreams of some politicians who hope to embarass another politician. It has nothing to do with the car. If a notable figure were to seriously rant about how a particular car is a monstronsity (perhaps a claim that it is unsafe), then such a "controversy" might be appropriate in the article on the car. But no one reading this article cares about the nonexistent controversy. Accordingly, I have removed the material. Johnuniq (talk) 23:56, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

Tahoe original usage
i used to have a 1988 s10 blazer and its trim level was Tahoe. it said it across the dash in factory trim, it said it on the options list as Tahoe equipment, much like the silverado equipment on full size trucks. tahoe was a trim level on the s10 blazer, now known as the trail blazer —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.254.44.246 (talk) 04:09, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

how can i find out the name of a color of paint on a tahoe that i have? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.109.167.177 (talk) 00:58, 27 March 2011 (UTC)

VIA VTrux SUV
VIA Motors has announced that they are planning to make a model called the VTrux SUV, which is based on the Tahoe. Can you please add this to the article? Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.54.191.225 (talk) 19:45, 26 March 2014 (UTC)

Merging Suburban and Tahoe Articles
The idea of merging the Wikipedia articles about the Chevrolet Suburban and Chevrolet Tahoe is not a good one, as both articles are too long to read, given that the Suburban should be the primary article (the Tahoe section would have to be combined with the ninth to twelfth generation sub-sections) plus the merging would mean taking out too many sources as the vehicles do have different histories. Unless there was a proposal to give the GMC Yukon its own article (which would be a better idea and could reduce the excessive amout of information), then there would be a reason. They should be kept as separate articles. (Robert Moore) (talk) 11:53, 09 August 2014 (UTC)

 * Oppose A merged article would be awkward and confusing to readers. Many sentences would have to begin, "In the case of the Suburban..." or "In the case of the Tahoe..."Tetsuo (talk) 05:15, 27 September 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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How is THAT possible?
"1992-2000 (GMT400)

Also called

Chevrolet Tahoe (Bolivia and Chile)"

Chevrolet Tahoe also called Chevrolet Tahoe? What the hack? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.93.166.149 (talk) 18:27, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

Assembly in Seoul, Jakarta and Dover?
Even though CKD assembly of the Tahoe in South Korea and England could eventually make sense, the sales volume in those markets and regional exports for other countries where a full-size LHD could find its way don't seem to justify that operation. When it comes to Jakarta, since LHD imports haven't been allowed in Indonesia at least since the '60s and the 1st generation of the Tahoe was the only one with an off-the-shelf RHD setup available due to the GMT400 Suburban counting with that option catering to the Australian market, it doesn't make so much sense that subsequent generations could have been assembled in Jakarta. Is there any documental proof of that, or at least some picture of their dashboards? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2804:7F4:C480:FBC0:0:0:0:1 (talk) 21:14, 26 March 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Available markets
Hello everyone, I edited the page specifying that both the Tahoe and Yukon versions are not available in certain markets such as Iran as the page just says "Middle East". But Vossanova keeps reverting my edit stating " "except Cuba" and "except Iran and Syria" are generally implied. American cars haven't been sold in Cuba or Iran for quite some time." And "again, such information applies to all American cars, not just the Tahoe/Yukon, so it should go on company pages or automotive industry as a whole" But not everyone will be aware of that and not everyone will go or even know to go to the company and automotive pages to find out. And it just leads to miss-information. I left the user two message on why it's Unnecessary. But the the user is not being cooperative. 2600:1700:AAC0:5D50:A5A9:ED8A:5589:C987 (talk) 17:51, 3 December 2021 (UTC)

 * An exhaustive listing of which nations the vehicle is or is not available in is excessive and outside the scope of a Wikipedia article. A general listing of broader regions is sufficient. The idea that the average person would assume "North America" as a sales market includes Cuba is untenable. --Sable232 (talk) 16:13, 4 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chevrolet Tahoe


text: File:Live Like a Suicide (Guns N' Roses) EP cover.jpg


text: User talk:66.82.9.53

title: User talk:66.82.9.53


text:
Granville Island Brewing

The Granville Island Brewing Company (GIB) was a brewery originally based on Granville Island in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was founded in 1984 and calls itself "Canada's first microbrewery". In 1989, it was sold to the wine conglomerate Andrew Peller Ltd. In 2009, it was bought by Creemore Springs, a subsidiary of Molson Coors, which in 2016, became the third largest beer corporation in the world. Of brewers with locations in British Columbia, Granville is the seventh largest based on sales to the BC Liquor Distribution Branch.

History
Granville Island Brewing was founded in 1984 by Mitch Taylor. The first Brewmaster was a German import who later quit the 65 Hectolitre brewery in 1988, after winning a lottery. In 1989 Potters IXL hired James Holden away from Carling O'Keefe Breweries to make changes in the product quality and consistency and to work with the new union. Potters financed building renovations as well as the installation of a new 120 Hl tank maturation cellar while upgrading the old Krones bottle Filler with a new body, back and neck labelling station. Holden developed a recipe for Granville Islands first non-lager Pale Ale, a product addition in 1990. The new union was tremendously difficult to work with so James Holden quit to move on to project management of a new 250 Hl brewery installation in Nha Trang, Vietnam. Shortly afterwards he left, the larger operation was moved to Kelowna (1994?) and a small 10 Hectoliter craft brewery manufactured by NSI in Abbotsford was installed to make small amounts of beer in a one man operation. Long-time brewmaster Vern Lambourne joined Granville Island Brewing in 2002 (correction required...probably 1994 to 1996). Between 1984 and 2005 five new beers were released. In August 2005, Andrew Peller Wines purchased Granville Island Brewing from Taylor and in 2006 renovated the original facilities beneath the Granville Bridge and expanded into new, larger facilities located in Kelowna. In 2009 Molson Coors Canada purchased Granville Island Brewing through its subsidiary, Creemore Springs Brewing, from Andrew Peller Wines.

Location and operations
Though the larger part of its base of operations moved inland to Kelowna, in the Okanagan Valley, the original brewery continues to manufacture some of the company's products, and offers beer-tasting tours. The original brewhouse is located directly under the Granville Bridge that crosses False Creek into downtown Vancouver. Tours of the small brewery are held daily. In the company's taproom, eight of the company's beers are available on tap, one of which is generally a limited release only available at the brewery.

Products
Granville Island Brewery names its beers after local places and neighbourhoods in British Columbia.

 * Core Beers

 * English Bay Pale Ale
 * Northwest Pale Ale
 * German-Style Pilsner
 * West Coast IPA
 * Sip Easy Lager
 * Lions Winter Ale (seasonal)
 * Watermelon Lager (seasonal)
 * Island Cerveza (seasonal)
 * Cranberry Orange Wheat Ale (seasonal)

 * Taproom Series

 * Molten Chocolate Stout
 * Hop Diffuser IPA
 * Granvillator Dopplebock
 * Birra Obscura Black Pilsner
 * Quad 2020

title: Granville Island Brewing


text:
András Tölcséres

András Tölcséres (born 28 November 1974) is a Hungarian football player.

After coming through the ranks at Hungarian team Szegedi SC, Tölcséres moved to Germany where he joined FC Starnberg before moving to 1. FC Nürnberg II. He then went on to play for SG Quelle Fürth and 1. FC Saarbrücken before spending four years at Regionalliga-Süd team SSV Jahn Regensburg, scoring 37 goals from 120 appearances. Just one season after Regensburg's promotion to Germany's 2. Bundesliga, they were relegated back to the Regionalliga. Tölcséres followed in the mass exodus which many players leave. He then joined fellow Bavarian outfit FC Augsburg in time for the 2004–05 season, where he scored two goals from 20 appearances, twelve of which coming from the bench. After four years at FC Ingolstadt 04 he moved to Türk. SV Ingolstadt as player-manager.

title: András Tölcséres


text: User talk:172.156.185.193

title: User talk:172.156.185.193


text:
H.R. (musician)

Paul D. Hudson (born February 11, 1956), known professionally as H.R. (Human Rights), is an American musician who leads the hardcore punk band Bad Brains, and is an instrumental figure in the development of the genre. His vocal delivery has been described as diverse, ranging from a rapid-fire nasal whine, to feral growling and screeches, to smooth near-crooning or staccato reggae rhymes. He has departed the band periodically to pursue solo efforts that are more reggae than Bad Brains' punk sound. He is the older brother of Earl Hudson, Bad Brains' drummer.

Early life
H.R. was born in Liverpool, England, to a Jamaican mother and American father stationed with the US Air Force in the UK. His family moved to the United States when he was a toddler, and proceeded to move around until finally settling in Washington, D.C. He was a gifted athlete from an early age, competing in swimming and pole-vaulting. He and his younger brother Earl both entered the local D.C. music scene as teenagers with their friends and future bandmates Dr. Know and Darryl Jenifer. H.R. was an early nickname that initially stood for "hunting rod", but which he changed to stand for "human rights".

Musical career
H.R. and his bandmates became Rastafari around 1979 after attending a Bob Marley concert at the Capital Centre. This spiritual direction influenced the music of Bad Brains via his vocals, and inspired the creation of his reggae band, Human Rights (or H.R.).

Although reggae is the main focus of his solo material, he explores rock and other musical genres. He has had numerous albums released on SST Records. A Village Voice review of a Bad Brains concert described H.R.'s presence on stage: "like James Brown gone berserk, with a hyperkinetic repertoire of spins, dives, back-flips, splits, and skanks".

H.R. has collaborated with the Long Beach Dub Allstars on their song "New Sun" on the Right Back album, and with P.O.D. on their song "Without Jah, Nothin'", on the album Satellite.

In recent years, H.R.'s Human Rights performances have become markedly more mellow and restrained, focusing primarily on reggae. This is a stark contrast to his wildly animated, aggressive stage performances of the late 1970s and 1980s.

Interviews with H.R. feature prominently in the 2006 documentary American Hardcore, in which he discusses the early days of the hardcore scene in New York City and Washington D.C., and his association with peers like Minor Threat and the Cro-Mags. In particular, he recalls encouraging Ian MacKaye to fully articulate Minor Threat's emerging straight edge philosophy, to give young people a positive direction. As depicted in the 2012 documentary Bad Brains: A Band in D.C., H.R.'s bizarre behavior, such as wearing a motorcycle helmet during a performance and refusing to sing, caused friction with other members of the band.

In late 2016, the film Finding Joseph I: The HR From Bad Brains Documentary premiered in Europe and the United States. Directed by James Lathos, the documentary features interviews with H.R., as well as other musicians, peers, and family member, while chronicling his life, struggles, and philosophies, particularly "PMA" (positive mental attitude). The film's companion book was published by Lesser Gods in January 2017.

H.R is also credited with coining the term "moshing", in reference to the style of dance which first emerged in hardcore punk venues in Washington D.C. in the early 1980s. Though originally referred to as mashing, such as in the title of Bad Brain contemporary Scream's 1982 song "Total Mash," the dance gradually became known under the moniker of moshing after audience members misunderstood H.R.'s pronunciation of the word due to his quasi-Jamaican accent.

Personal life
H.R. has adult children from previous relationships and has been married to Lori Carnes since 2012.

In 2016, H.R.'s wife, Lori, revealed that H.R. has SUNCT syndrome, a rare neurological disorder which causes sporadic, excruciating headaches. He underwent brain surgery in early 2017 to relieve the headaches. He also has schizoaffective disorder.

Discography
For H.R.'s discography with Bad Brains, see Bad Brains discography.

 * It's About Luv  (Olive Tree, 1985)
 * Keep Out of Reach (Olive Tree, 1986)
 * Human Rights (Olive Tree/SST, 1987)
 * Singin' in the Heart (SST, 1989)
 * Charge (SST, 1990)
 * I Luv (1991)
 * Rock of Enoch (1992)
 * Our Faith (1992)
 * Hey Wella (2007)
 * Out of Bounds (D.I.A, 2012)
 * HR in Dubb (D.I.A./Hamma, 2013)
 * HR Live at CBGB's 1984 (Catch a Fire Music, 2017)
 * Give Thanks (Hardline Entertainment, 2019)

Appearances on albums by other artists

 * "Heroes" and "Heroes Part 2" on Return from Incas by Lost Generation (Incas, 1984)
 * "Zion", "Zion Dub" and "Road to Zion (Highest Region Dub)" on Zion by Zion Train (Olive Tree, 1986)
 * "New Sun" on Right Back by Long Beach Dub Allstars (DreamWorks, 1999)
 * "Black Eye" on 77 003 by Bargain Music (Beatville, 1999)
 * "Like a Lily" on Se Viene El Bum by Lumumba (Gora Herriak, 1999)
 * "Without Jah, Nothin'" on Satellite by P.O.D. (Atlantic, 2001)
 * "Shame in Dem Game" on Everything Under the Sun by Sublime (Geffen, 2006)
 * "Yummy, Yummy, Yummy", "More and More" and "Hip Hip Hooray" on The Epic Trilogy by Gone (SST, 2007)
 * "Riya" on The Hour of Reprisal by Ill Bill (Uncle Howie, 2008)
 * "Forty Deuce Hebrew" on The Grimy Awards by Ill Bill (Fat Beats, 2013)
 * "Lucky Rabbit" on Pains by Islander (Victory, 2013)
 * "Chant It Down" on Chaliwa by New Zion Trio (Veal, 2013)
 * "Kumbaya" on Luicidal by Luicidal (DC-Jam, 2014)
 * "Think It Over" on Power Under Control by Islander (Victory, 2016)
 * "The Right to Swerve" on Lore of the Riff by Time Crystal Wizard (Rancho De La Luna Records, 2021)
 * "Skateboard Flowers" on It's Not Easy Being Human by Islander (Better Noise, 2022)
 * "The Era of the End of Eras" on Solidaritine by Gogol Bordello
 * "Breathe" and "Chant" and "Listen" on Ras Asana by I Yahn I Arkestra and Chuck Treece  (2017 Inity Records)

title: H.R. (musician)


text:
Template talk:Nervous system

Title
The yellow title is eye-killing. Yonidebest 15:09, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree, I'll try out a less aggressive gold instead on the nervous templates. fbjon4649( talk ) 00:41, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Also agree the yellow doesn't have enough contrast with a white background. Zodon (talk) 22:00, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

fr:Modèle:Système nerveux

title: Template talk:Nervous system


text:
Talk:Creationist cosmologies/to do

 * 1) Mention of the connection between bounded universe ideas and modern geocentrism should be made more explicit. Humphreys and Gentry both see the Earth as being near an actual center of the universe.

title: Talk:Creationist cosmologies/to do


text: File:AK trains2.jpg

title: File:AK trains2.jpg


text:
Odem

Odem (אֹדֶם or ) is an Israeli settlement and moshav shitufi in the northern part of the Golan Heights. Located on Mount Odem, at a height of 1090 m above sea level, it is the second-highest town in Israel and the Israeli-occupied territories. It is surrounded by the Odem Forest and falls under the jurisdiction of Golan Regional Council. In it had a population of.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the Golan Heights illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Etymology
Odem means ruby and signifies the red color. In this case it refers to the color of the rocks of Mount Odem, an extinct volcano.

History
The Israeli government approved the establishment of the settlement in 1975, and a group of young people occupied an abandoned Syrian military base nearby. Most of these original settlers left, however, because of the frigid temperatures and strong winds. Those that remained were joined in 1981 by a new group, and the current settlement was established. The population was about 150 in 1993, about one-third of them children.

Economy
The chief industries are a factory that manufactures plastic for furniture and an optics factory that manufactures protective lenses and safety goggles. Odem Mountain Winery is also located there.

title: Odem


text:
Valencia de Alcántara

Valencia de Alcántara (Population: 6178) is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. It is near the Portuguese border (District of Portalegre), separated from it by the Sever.

History
From the 16th century to the 18th Valencia was a celebrated border fortress; it was captured by the Portuguese in 1664 and 1698.

Battle of 1762
The Battle of Valencia de Alcántara took place in 1762 as part of the Spanish invasion of Portugal. Portuguese-British troops under John Burgoyne attacked and captured the town, which was a Spanish supply base, setting back the invasion and contributing to the British victory that year.

Nineteenth century
The beginning of the nineteenth century, traditionally associated with the beginnings of the modern age, is particularly troublesome in the case of Valencia de Alcántara as it was caught up in two important conflicts, including the fleeting conflict known as the War of the Oranges (1801) or the War of Independence. However, due to its location it became is the second most important custom house for direct traffic between the two kingdoms, after Badajoz, and had a flourishing trade in farm produce of all kinds.

Features
There are Roman remains in the district, and the courtyards and windows of many houses are Moorish in style. Nuestra Señora de Roqueamador, the most important church, dates from the 14th century. The church of Encarnacion, the town hall and a fine convent date from the 16th.

Valencia de Alcántara is a very important centre of dolmens in Europe.

Famous inhabitants
Valencia de Alcántara was the birthplace of Pedro Gómez Labrador, Marquis of Labrador, who represented Spain at the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815).

Soraya Arnelas was also born here.

title: Valencia de Alcántara


text:
Talk:Tijana Arnautović

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title: Talk:Tijana Arnautović


text:
1923–24 in Swedish football

The 1923–24 season in Swedish football, starting August 1923 and ending July 1924:

Division 2 Uppsvenska Serien 1923–24

Uppsvenska

Mellansvenska

Östsvenska

Västsvenska

Sydsvenska

Svenska Mästerskapet 1923

 * Final

National team results
🇸🇪 Sweden: Robert Zander - Valdus Lund, Fritjof Hillén - Ivar Klingström, Sven Friberg, Harry Sundberg - Rune Wenzel, Sven Rydell, Per Kaufeldt, Gunnar Paulsson ( Bror Carlsson), Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Valdus Lund, Fritjof Hillén - Ivar Klingström, Sven Friberg ( Gustaf Möller), Harry Sundberg - Rune Wenzel, Harry Dahl, Per Kaufeldt, Albin Dahl, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Kurt Envall - Gösta Wihlborg, Sten Mellgren (84' Valdus Lund) - Henning Helgesson, Gustaf Möller, Erik Andersson - Charles Brommesson, Harry Dahl, Olof Detter, Bertil Karlsson, Olle Ringdahl.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Gunnar Karlsson - Valdus Lund, Gösta Wihlborg - Henning Helgesson, Gustaf Möller, Erik Andersson - Anders Rydén, Harry Dahl, Olof Detter (38' Charles Brommesson), Bertil Karlsson, Emil Gudmundsson.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg (50' Robert Zander) - Konrad Hirsch, Fritjof Hillén - Sven Friberg, Gunnar Holmberg, Harry Sundberg - Thorsten Svensson, Sven Rydell, Gunnar Olsson, Albin Dahl, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Axel Alfredsson, Fritjof Hillén - Sven Friberg, Gustaf Carlson, Harry Sundberg - Charles Brommesson, Sven Rydell, Per Kaufeldt, Tore Keller, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Axel Alfredsson, Fritjof Hillén - Sven Friberg, Gustaf Carlson, Harry Sundberg - Charles Brommesson, Sven Rydell, Per Kaufeldt, Thorsten Svensson, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Axel Alfredsson, Fritjof Hillén - Sven Friberg, Gustaf Carlson, Harry Sundberg - Charles Brommesson, Sven Rydell, Per Kaufeldt, Albin Dahl, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Konrad Hirsch, Sten Mellgren - Sven Lindqvist, Gustaf Carlson, Harry Sundberg - Evert Lundqvist, Sven Rydell, Per Kaufeldt, Albin Dahl, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Axel Alfredsson, Fritjof Hillén - Gunnar Holmberg, Sven Friberg, Harry Sundberg - Evert Lundqvist, Sven Rydell, Per Kaufeldt, Tore Keller, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Robert Zander - Axel Alfredsson, Douglas Krook - Sven Friberg, Gustaf Carlson, Ivar Klingström - Rune Wenzel, Sven Rydell, Per Kaufeldt, Bror Carlsson, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Axel Alfredsson, Fritjof Hillén - Ivar Klingström, Sven Friberg, Harry Sundberg - Charles Brommesson, Sven Rydell, Per Kaufeldt, Tore Keller, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Erik Hillerström - Carl Andersson, Justus Gustafsson - Ernst Hansson, Karl Gustafsson, Harry Sundberg - Algot Haglund, Bertil Karlsson, Per Kaufeldt, Tore Keller, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Erik Hillerström - Carl Andersson, Sigurd Andersson - Ernst Hansson, Arvid Johansson, Bertil Nordin - Algot Haglund, Bertil Karlsson, Bror Carlsson, Tore Keller ( Ernst Lööf), Rudolf Kock.

title: 1923–24 in Swedish football


text:
Morgan Llwyd

Morgan Llwyd (1619 – 3 June 1659) was a Puritan Fifth Monarchist and Welsh-language poet and prose author.

Biography
Morgan Llwyd was born to a cultured and influential family in the parish of Maentwrog, Gwynedd. His grandfather, Huw Llwyd, was a professional soldier and noted Welsh-language poet, and also had a reputation as an astrologer and magician.

Morgan Llwyd was educated in Wrexham, where he experienced a religious awakening under the Puritan preacher, Walter Cradock, whom he followed to Llanfaches to be part of a Puritan church. During the English Civil War, he served as a chaplain in Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army, and in 1644 he returned to Wales, first as a preacher, and in 1650 as an Approver under the Act for the Propagation of the Gospel in Wales. In 1656 he settled as a minister in Wrexham, where he died in 1659, and is buried in the Dissenters' Burial Ground in Rhosddu.

He was known for his religious and philosophical writings, many of which contained complex symbolism.

Morgan Llwyd is credited with being the first Nonconformist minister in Wrexham. Ysgol Morgan Llwyd, the Welsh-medium high school in Wrexham, is named after him.

Work
Morgan Llwyd was the author of seven prose works in Welsh and English, a considerable body of poetry, and translations of passages from the work of Jakob Bóhme, taken from the English-language translations of John Sparrow. His most significant prose work is Llyfr y Tri Aderyn, or The Book of the Three Birds, comprising a religious and political debate between a Raven, representing the High Church Anglican and Royalist faction under Cromwell's Commonwealth; an Eagle, representing its government; and a Dove, representing the Puritan faction, who convinces the Eagle of the truth of Puritan teaching and the validity of theocracy. In addition to this, the Raven and the Dove are compared with the Raven and Dove sent out from Noah's Ark to search for dry land, and history is represented as a hiatus between the divine judgement given in the Genesis flood narrative, and the Last Judgement, which Morgan Llwyd expects very shortly.

Morgan Llwyd's three shorter Welsh-language prose works are Llythyr i'r Cymry Cariadus, Gwaedd yng Nghymru yn Wyneb pob Cynwybod and Cyfarwydd i'r Cymru, in which he stresses the urgent need of his readers for a personal reconciliation with God. Of his three English-language tracts, Lazarus and His Sisters Discoursing of Paradise and Where Is Christ? deal with theological matters, while An Honest Discourse Between Three Neighbours explores differing attitudes to Oliver Cromwell's rule.

Critical response
In an interview with Saunders Lewis, the short-story writer John Gwilym Jones speaks of his "immense" artistic debt to Llythyr i'r Cymry Cariadus and Llyfr y Tri Aderyn, whose style he studied closely and sought to imitate, while M. Wynn Thomas, in his monograph Morgan Llwyd, explores the poetic and imaginative richness of his prose as a tool for expressing his intensely mystical religious vision. For Gwynfor Evans, Morgan Llwyd is a "Welsh nation builder", historically significant as a proponent of Puritanism in specifically Welsh cultural terms, and as a contributor to a modern Welsh national consciousness. Hugh Bevan considers his importance as a Puritan and writer in Morgan Llwyd y Llenor, while a book by Goronwy Owen, Rhwng Calfin a Böhme: Golwg ar Syniadaeth Morgan Llwyd, explores his theological and mystical ideas. Llyfr y Tri Aderyn was translated into English by L. J. Parry for the National Eisteddfod in 1896, and by Rob Mimpriss as A Book of Three Birds (Cockatrice Books, 2017).

title: Morgan Llwyd


text:
Mister Pipeline

Mister Pipeline is a title given to masters of the waves at the North Shore's Pipeline. It was first given to Butch Van Artsdalen, and is passed on from generation to generation, by consensus. During this year, the Pipeline was at the forefront of surfing competitions. This first initial competition was sponsored by Continental Airlines, giving the winner a share of $500. Hakman rode six- to eight-foot waves for hours despite the conditions, being a leader in the big-wave riders at Pipeline. While Hakman dominated the first year of the competition, newcomer Michael Armstrong stunned the event by clinging to second place and a $250 prize. Corky Carroll took third place with a $150 prize. Other holders of the title have included sometime actor Gerry Lopez and bodyboarding legend Mike Stewart.

In 1972, Gerry Lopez was a surfer who made an ever-lasting impression on the Pipe Masters at Banzai Pipeline. In front of the world, ABC sports broadcast this event with the winner gaining $1,750. He was among the first to master the powerful, hollow waves at Ehukai Beach known as the Banzai Pipeline. This, along with his reputation for riding switchfoot in the large surf at Waimea Bay, earned him the nickname "Mr. Pipeline." Six surfers had been invited to the competition. Jeff Hakman, Gerry Lopez, Sam Hawk, Larry Bertlemann, Jimmy Blears, and Mike Armstrong. The highlight of the event was largely focused on Lopez, riding out in an eight-foot wave and tube during the competition.

Today's Pipeline
Starting from the 70s, to now the present, the Pipeline Masters is a competition that is known worldwide for its love for surfing and complexity of skills. Within the last decades, the Pipeline has been known for its ever-lasting weight on the surfing community.

History of The Water
The all intimidating, but ferocious beach of the Pipeline stands as one of the most important waves to surf. It performs best when there's a swell from the west or northwest, typically shining from October thorugh March, like many other breaks along the North Shore. Though "Pipeline" technically denotes the left-breaking wave, it commonly encompasses Backdoor as well, the right-breaking wave adjacent to its peak. When the swell approaches from the north or northwest, both waves come to life, allowing surfers to ride them simultaneously, with one on the Pipeline and the other on Backdoor.

Various claims exist regarding the first surfer to conquer Pipeline, but the credit often goes to Phil Edwards from California. He ventured out on a four-foot swell at what was then known as Banzai Beach in mid-December 1961. Returning the next morning with filmmaker Bruce Brown, they encountered waves reaching six to eight feet. Edwards masterfully rode an exquisite eight-foot tube, immortalized in Brown's 1962 surf film "Surfing Hollow Days." The moniker "Pipeline" was coined by Californian boardmaker Mike Diffenderfer, who, inspired by the waves' resemblance to massive concrete pipes in a nearby construction project, suggested the name to Brown.

title: Mister Pipeline


text:
Yei Theodora Ozaki

Yei Evelyn Theodora Kate Ozaki (英子 セオドラ 尾崎) was a Japanese translator of Japanese short stories and fairy tales. Her translations were fairly liberal but have been popular, and were reprinted several times after her death.

Biography
Ozaki was born in London 1871 to Baron Saburō Ozaki, one of the first Japanese men to study in the West, and an English woman, Bathia Catherine Morrison (1843-1936), daughter of William Mason Morrison (1819-1885) and Mary Anne Morrison. Bathia was one of Ozaki's tutors in London, and they married in 1869. According to Mary Fraser, in the extract "A Biographical Sketch", from Warriors of old Japan, and other stories, Bathia lived separately from Ozaki. Bathia gave birth to two further daughters, Masako Maude Mary Harriett Ozaki (b. Jan. 1872) and Kimie Bathia Alexandra Ozaki (1873-1964). Baron Ozaki returned to Japan in 1873 to fulfill an arranged marriage to a Japanese noblewoman, Toda Yae, to continue the upper-class family name of Toda. He eventually moved to a post in Saint Petersburg in an attempt to reconcile with Bathia, who was entered into his family registry (koseki) in 1880, until further issues arose and Bathia returned from Russia in December 1880. They eventually divorced in London, perhaps as Ozaki had fathered multiple children, one with Toda Yae and seven (later totalling 14) with his Japanese mistress Fujiki Michi, creating such a situation as which "her English friends could hardly advise her [to] go."

After the divorce of their parents in 1881, on the suggestion of a friend of Baron Ozaki, all three daughters grew up with Bathia and their English grandparents in St Alban's Cottage, Fulham, London. Yei's grandfather, William, is said to have encouraged her to write in English, which became a mother tongue alongside Japanese. After a spate of missed alimony payments, Yei and Kimie travelled to Tokyo to live with their father in May 1887, with the consent of their mother. Masako stayed in England and married an Englishman in 1906, whilst Kimie later settled in Norway.

Fraser notes that Yei enjoyed the period when she was sent to live with her father in Japan, where she received an education. However, her father expected her to conform to Japanese societal values, and expected also to decide her husband accordingly. However, Yei refused an arranged marriage, left her father's house, and became an English tutor and secretary to earn money. Eventually she made the acquaintance of Mary Fraser, wife of the British diplomat Hugh Fraser, and in 1891 Yei became a secretary at the British Legation. After the death of Hugh Fraser in 1894, she accompanied Mrs Fraser on her travels to Europe, particularly to Italy. Yei returned to Japan in 1899, where Fukuzawa Yukichi arranged for a post as a teacher for at Keiō gijuku, and she lived in a Buddhist temple.

Whilst travelling in Italy, Mary's brother Francis M. Crawford, had become aware of Yei's talent for writing and telling stories. Yei, encouraged by the success of a popular Japanese fairy tale series like those of Hasegawa Takejirō, began to write down smaller stories and to translate Japanese fairy tales. Some of these were accepted for publication by English magazines, including The Wide World Magazine, The Girl's Realm of London, and its sister magazine, The Lady's Realm between 1900 and 1902. Her first major work, The Japanese Fairy Book (1903-1908) were published in October 1903, reprinted in 1904, 1906 & 1908, published in London by Kelly & Walsh. As a collection of Japanese fairy tales were not translated from formal Japanese language, but were reworded by her in everyday language for children, ensuring their popularity in Anglophone countries. In 1908 Kelly & Walsh published Buddha's Crystal and Other Fairy Stories, followed in 1909 by Warriors of Old Japan and Other Stories at Constable in London with an introduction by John Harington Gubbins. Romances of Old Japan, was published in 1919 simultaneously in London and New York.

Beginning when she started her writing career, having frequently traveled back and forth between Japan and Europe via North America as her employment and family duties required, her letters were frequently misdelivered to the unrelated Japanese politician and mayor of Tokyo, Yukio Ozaki, and his to her due to having the same surname. In 1905, they finally met in Tokyo, and soon married and between 1906 and 1912 had three children, Kiyoka, Shinaye and Sōma Yukika (a noted humanitarian and the first Japanese woman to qualify as a simultaneous translator).

Yei suffered a shoulder injury in the early 1930s when travelling to England to visit her family in London. However, Japanese doctors misdiagnosed her case as an accidental fall. In the US, she was instead diagnosed with and treated for a sarcoma, which allowed her to travel again.

She died in London in 1932 and her remains were returned to Japan.

Works

 * Japanese Fairy Tales (1908), aka The Japanese Fairy Book (1903)'' '
 * Warriors of Old Japan, and Other Stories
 * Romances of Old Japan
 * Buddha's Crystal and Other Fairy Stories

title: Yei Theodora Ozaki


text:
Flying Horse Carousel

The Flying Horse Carousel is a historic carousel in Watch Hill, the principal summer resort area of the town of Westerly, Rhode Island, United States. It is one of two in the state designated as National Historic Landmarks, along with the Crescent Park Looff Carousel in East Providence. It is the oldest operating carousel in the United States in which the horses are suspended from chains.

Description
The carousel is believed to have been built around 1876 by the Charles W. Dare Company of New York. This is about the same time attributed to the construction of the Flying Horses Carousel in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts, although both dates are based on inferences and lack certainty. It consists of twenty horses in two sizes which are suspended by chains from sweeps radiating out from the center of the carousel under its canopy. The bodies of the horses are believed to have been carved from single blocks of wood, with the legs carved separately and attached. The horses still have their original agate eyes; other trappings have been replaced, including manes and reins. The chains holding the horses are attached to the rump and to an iron bar added to the pommel, apparently a modification. When the carousel rotates, centrifugal force drives the horses outward, giving rise to the name "flying horses." The horses in the Oak Bluffs carousel are fixed to columns between spreader panels above and a platform below.

The carousel is located in a wood-frame pavilion at the end of Bay Street in Watch Hill. It is a ten-sided structure with a hipped roof, and appears to date to the early 20th century. A low picket fence surrounds the structure to prevent access to the space in which the horses fly when the carousel is in operation. The floor of the pavilion is now concrete; it was originally sand.

Children younger than 12 years old may ride. In the middle of the ride, a device holding metal rings is lowered for riders to grab as they pass. The last ring is brass, granting the rider a free ride token. The cost for riders on the outer horses is $4.00, whereas a ride on the inner is $1.00.

History
The carousel was originally part of a traveling carnival until 1879, when the carnival was forced to abandon it in Watch Hill. It was powered by a horse at that time, with music provided by a hand-cranked organ. Power was provided by water in 1897, and the carousel was electrified about 1914. It was extensively damaged by the New England Hurricane of 1938 which devastated Watch Hill. However, its horses were recovered from the sand dunes and the carousel was restored to operation; three chariots were lost which were not replaced. The carousel and its buildings have been the subject of repairs and restorations in the following decades. It is maintained by the non-profit Watch Hill Improvement Society.

The carousel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It operates annually from June to Labor Day.

title: Flying Horse Carousel


text:
Kenechi Udeze

Kenechi Nduka Udeze (born March 5, 1983) is an American football coach and former player.

Udeze played in the National Football League (NFL) as a defensive end for four seasons during the early 2000s. He played college football for the University of Southern California (USC), and earned consensus All-American honors. Udeze was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the first round of the 2004 NFL draft. He was forced to retire in 2008 after he was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Early life
Udeze was born in Los Angeles. He attended Verbum Dei High School, a Jesuit-affiliated Roman Catholic school in Los Angeles, where he played high school football for the Verbum Dei Eagles and competed in track as a shot putter (top-throw of 56-7 or 17.34m).

College
While attending the University of Southern California, Udeze played for coach Pete Carroll's USC Trojans football team from 2001 to 2003. He was a three-year starter and helped his team to a 2004 Rose Bowl victory and AP national title as a junior. He finished his college career with 135 tackles (51 of them for a loss), 28 sacks (a school record), 14 forced fumbles, three fumble recoveries, one interception, five pass deflections, and two blocked kicks. As a junior in 2003, he was a first-team All-Pac-10 selection, and was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American.

Minnesota Vikings
Udeze was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the first round (twentieth overall pick) of the 2004 NFL draft. During his rookie season with the Vikings, he started 15 games and recorded 36 tackles, five sacks, one forced fumble, and one pass deflected. As a second year pro, Udeze was injured in the Vikings third game of the season with cartilage damage in his left knee, which kept him out the rest of the year. Udeze finished the season with three games started, five tackles, and one quarterback sack. In 2006, he was once again the starter at left defensive end, playing 16 games, starting 15 and recorded 29 tackles and no sacks. The following year, he again playing in all 16 games, with 15 starts, and had 47 tackles and five sacks.

Illness and retirement
On February 11, 2008, it was announced that Udeze was diagnosed by doctors with a form of leukemia: acute lymphoblastic leukemia. KMSP-TV (Ch. 9) also reported that Udeze was at Fairview Southdale Hospital undergoing tests and that he was at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester the week before. Udeze revealed that his acute leukemia is in a state of remission. Udeze received a bone marrow transplant from his brother.

The Vikings placed Udeze on the non-football injury list and eventually injured reserve in July 2008, ending his season. Udeze returned to the Metrodome as an honorary captain for a game against the Green Bay Packers on November 9, 2008, where he said he would return to playing football. "You know what? I'll be back next year," Udeze told the St. Paul Pioneer Press.

Udeze was able to get back into good enough condition to return to the Vikings for 2009 pre-season training, reaching the physical form he was in before his illness. He took 26 snaps during a Vikings mini-camp, but struggled with peripheral neuropathy in his feet, a result of his chemotherapy. The chemotherapy-induced neuropathy caused numbness that kept him from being able to plant firmly and create a burst up the field after the snap. Finding himself unable to move at the level he was accustomed to, Udeze decided to retire, which he announced on July 29, 2009.

Washington
In 2009, Udeze joined University of Washington as their assistant strength and conditioning coach. Udeze was hired by the former USC assistant coach Steve Sarkisian, who had become head coach at Washington. He also worked with the defensive line. He also works heavily with charities that help raise money for cancer research.

Seattle Seahawks
In 2012, Udeze was hired as an assistant defensive line coach for the Seattle Seahawks.

Minnesota Vikings
In 2013, Udeze completed the Bill Walsh NFL Minority Coaching Fellowship program with the Minnesota Vikings.

Pittsburgh
In 2014, Udeze was hired as an assistant strength and conditioning coach at the University of Pittsburgh.

USC
In 2015, Udeze returned to his alma mater, University of Southern California, to work as an assistant strength and conditioning coach, where he rejoined former Washington coaches Steve Sarkisian and Ivan Lewis. In 2016, he was made defensive line coach.

LSU
In 2019, Udeze was hired as a Defensive Analyst at Louisiana State University, reuniting with his former defensive line coach at USC Ed Orgeron, who is now the head coach at LSU.

Vanderbilt
On January 21, 2020, Udeze joined Vanderbilt University as their linebackers coach.

Tennessee Titans
On January 29, 2021, Udeze was hired by the Tennessee Titans as their assistant defensive line coach under head coach Mike Vrabel.

Houston
In 2023, Udeze joined the University of Houston staff as a pass rush specialist.

FIU
In 2024, Udeze joined FIU as an outside linebackers assistant coach.

Personal life
During his illness, Udeze decided to return to USC, where he resumed taking classes. In May 2010, Udeze graduated with a degree in sociology.

title: Kenechi Udeze


text:
File:Cichociemni Radom-Kielce 22Sept1944.jpg

Cichociemni after being delivered to the Radom-Kielce Armia Krajowa inspectorate on September 22, 1944 http://www.ww2.pl/The,Underground,State,134.html

Fair use rationale
This image is being used in the above articles,because:
 * The image has historical value;
 * There are no free alternatives to the picture;
 * The image is a low resolution;
 * The image is used to illustrate the persons in question;
 * The image adds significantly to the article;
 * The image has no commercial functions;
 * The image is used for educational and informational purposes;
 * The image is used by non-profit Wikimedia Foundation.

Note that the photographer is an unknown Polish partistan from WWII and as such there is a good chance the photo is in public domain.