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Port Adelaide

Port Adelaide is a port-side region of Adelaide, approximately 14 km northwest of the Adelaide CBD. It is also the namesake of the City of Port Adelaide Enfield council, a suburb, a federal and state electoral division and is the main port for the city of Adelaide. Port Adelaide played an important role in the formative decades of Adelaide and South Australia, with the port being early Adelaide's main supply and information link to the rest of the world. Its Kaurna name, although not officially adopted as a dual name, is Yertabulti.

History
Prior to European settlement Port Adelaide was covered with mangrove swamps and tidal mud flats, and lay next to a narrow creek. At this time, it was inhabited by the Kaurna people, who occupied the Adelaide Plains, the Barossa Valley, the western side of the Fleurieu Peninsula, and northwards past Snowtown. The Kaurna people called the Port Adelaide area 'Yertabulti', and the whole estuarine area of the Port River.

The entrance to this creek, the Port River, was first reported by Europeans in 1831. It was explored by Europeans when Captain Henry Jones entered in 1834. The creek's main channel was then fed by numerous smaller creeks, and was 2 - 4 fathom deep. The navigable channel was narrow and the creek soon faded into swamps and sandhills. At low tide the channel was surrounded by mudbanks. Dry and solid land ended near present-day Alberton.

1836 – Deciding on Adelaide's Port
Colonel William Light began closely exploring the area in late 1836 while deciding on a site for the colony of South Australia's port. After initial trepidation, he reported to the Colonisation Commissioners that the location was a suitable harbour. By this time it had acquired the name "the port creek". Light's choice of separating the port and Adelaide was strongly opposed by a few merchants, a newspaper and Governor John Hindmarsh. This opposition was largely based on the distance between them. The division of power in the colony meant that the final decision was Light's alone. He kept Adelaide and the port separate principally due to the lack of fresh water at the port.

1837 – Port Creek Settlement
The effective foundation day of Port Adelaide was 6 January 1837. On this day the first harbourmaster, Captain Thomas Lipson (Royal Navy), took up residence with his family on the edge of Port Creek. The new port was used for shipping later that month, and passengers began disembarking the next. At this point the site was known as The Port Creek Settlement.

When founded, the port's land was just higher than the surrounding tidal flats; at high tide the port could be rowed around. The port had a significant problem—reported in letters from Light and complaints to the Governor from ship owners—of a lack of a fresh water supply. At first the river was not used for larger ships. They had to land at Holdfast Bay until the port was charted. This early port was plagued by mosquitoes, was a comparative long distance from Adelaide, had few amenities and had a risk of inundation when the tide was very high. By 1840 it had acquired the name "Port Misery"; the name was widely used in news reports. It was first coined in a book credited to T. Horton James, probably a pseudonym, and comes from a line stating: This is Port Adelaide! Port Misery would be a better name; for nothing in any other part of the world can surpass it in every thing that is wretched and inconvenient.

The original drawings of Adelaide City Plan by Light show that he envisaged a canal (sea communication) between Port Adelaide and the City of Adelaide. The canal was not built; it would have required a massive investment that was not available at the time. A plan of a proposed "Grand Junction Canal" between Adelaide and the North Arm, by engineer Edward Snell was produced in 1851, with an exhibition of his "A Bird's Eye View of the Country Between Adelaide and the North Arm", showing the proposed canal.

By early 1838, large vessels could only get as far as the end of Gawler Reach (near the current Birkenhead Bridge). Arrivals had to use smaller boats, traverse the mangrove swamps at low tide and climb sandhills to reach the road to Adelaide. A canal for the loading of sailing ships was constructed in 1838, and town acreages nearby surveyed and sold. By the years end deficiencies of the canal were clear. The canal was dry for most of the day and cargo movement very slow. Seagoing ships had to stop some distance from the settlement due to the mudbanks. Cargo and passengers covered the remaining distance in ships' boats. All had to traverse 2–300 m of swamps after landing to reach sandhills, and eventually the road to Adelaide. The new port's first maritime casualty was the migrant ship Tam O'Shanter that ran aground on the outer sand bar. Later a small waterway in the port was named after the ship; the waterway later became the Port Adelaide Canal.

1840 – 1860 Finalisation of wharf locations
The port's initial location was intended to be temporary. The location for a proper port was chosen by Governor George Gawler, between the original settlement and the Governor's preferred location at the junction of the North Arm and the Port River. One reason for the chosen site was Gawler's instructions on leaving England to limit expenditure; the North Arm site would have required more transport infrastructure and reclamation work. Gawler awarded a tender allowing the South Australian Company to construct a private wharf, again partly to limit government expenditure. Along with the wharf they were to construct a warehouse and roadway. The roadway was to be a 100 ft wide and run from the port to dry land, a distance of approximately 1 mi. This first wharf was built near the end of the modern Commercial Road.

The wharf, known as McLaren Wharf, was finished in 1840 and named after David McLaren, company manager of the South Australian Company. McLaren Wharf was 336 ft long and 15 ft deep at low tide. Contrary to usual practice, it was allowed to be built at the low water mark, which made construction simpler. The wharf, warehouse and road were opened by Governor Gawler in October 1840. The opening procession from the old port to the new included over 1,000 people; then the largest assembly of colonists to date. The procession included 600 horsemen and 450 vehicles, almost all of the colony's wheeled transportation. At the opening a parcel was ceremonially landed from the barque Guiana. Upon opening, the port could accommodate vessels up to 530 LT. In May 1841 John Hill became the original holder of the land grant for all the land south of St Vincent Street, reaching to Tam O'Shanter Creek (later the Port Canal), comprising 134 acres and known as Section 2112. Much of this land was a tidal mangrove swamp, being reclaimed by successive owners over many decades.

During reclamation work, the ground level was raised by approximately 9 ft, with mud and silt from dredging work. Early houses had their ground floors below the now raised ground level; some had steps built down from road level. The Port Admiral Hotel's original ground floor now forms part of its basement. The last major reclamation was of the Glanville Reserve in 1892.

By the mid-1840s, with increasing trade, the wharves proved insufficient and some more private wharves were constructed. During the late 1850s the state of the dry and dusty plain, between Adelaide and Port Adelaide, led to the pejorative terms "Dustholia" and "Mudholia" in summer and winter.

1860 to 1970 – Port Adelaide's heyday
In 1874 the Port Adelaide Institute began construction of its new headquarters which opened to much fanfare two years later providing the organisation a place to house a library and provide a reading room, museum, lecture hall and classrooms for the area.

Gas street lighting was erected by the local council in 1881. The town received its first electric lighting in January 1889, lit with the colony's first town supply from a powerhouse in Nile Street. By 1876 it was estimated that there were 5,000 living in 500 houses. More measured figures were 3,013 residents recorded in the 1881 census and 5005—living in approximately 1000 houses—recorded in the 1891 census. By 1911 the port was the State's second largest city and had a population over half that of Adelaide city.

Due to the presence of the Jewish community at the time the east side of Todd Street became known colloquially as "Jerusalem" or "Little Jerusalem". Beginning in the 1880s a strong Scandinavian community lived in Port Adelaide largely due to their affiliation with sea-faring trades. In 1883 the Port Adelaide Caledonian Society was founded and continues to this day. In the 1880s during Christmas Chinese lanterns were hung around Port Adelaide.

During the rest of the 1800s harbour facilities expanded and the town grew. It gained an impressive range of commercial and institutional buildings. Many have survived, resulting in Port Adelaide having one of the best concentrations of colonial buildings in South Australia. Their significance was recognised in May 1982, when a sizeable part of the town centre was declared a State Heritage Area.

The construction of the Outer Harbor took place at the beginning of the 20th century, accommodating larger ships and reducing the time needed to sail up the Port River to the inner harbour. In the 1920s and 1930s the first wharf was removed or disappeared and the Port Adelaide wharves underwent a significant reconstruction programme, changing the face of the inner harbour's waterfront.

1970–2010 – Economic slowdown
The introduction of containerisation in the 1960s had a major impact on the Port, changing cargo handling methods and significantly reducing the size of the local workforce.

Compounding the effect of a declining workforce on business activity, competition for shoppers arrived in the form of regional shopping centres. Up until the 1960s the Port had been second only to Adelaide as a shopping and commercial precinct. The opening of shopping centres in nearby suburbs led to a general decline in retail turnover. Activity in the suburb has declined significantly from its heyday, leaving parts empty and derelict. Historic buildings were closed and sometimes vandalised, shops in the main streets were left empty and boarded up.

Redevelopment of the waterfront was first publicly discussed in 1975. Over the following years, plans and costs were proposed and discussed but most lapsed without action.

By 2002, the "Newport Quays" consortium was the government's preferred bidder for a $1.2 billion project to cover 51 ha of under used land. The development was unveiled in 2003 and land sales began two years later. This development was stated to be worth $1.5 billion and would comprise 2000 homes, construction of which would create 4000 jobs.

In 2004 Premier Mike Rann announced that a dolphin sanctuary would be established in the Port River and Barker Inlet covering 118 square kilometres, the first "urban" dolphin sanctuary in the world. In 2005 the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary Act was enacted.

By 2006 Newport Quays was being criticised for its poor planning for a residential development, criticism that continued with each stage of the project. By early 2007, two stages of the now $2 billion development were under construction, or nearing completion, and the third's plans submitted; The plans included provision for a 100-berth marina and one building built over the water. By 2008 reports showed the resale value of some properties in the developments were under the initial cost. The local council estimated that less than half of finished properties were occupied.

In October 2009 it was named, by the National Trust of Australia, as one of the country's most at risk heritage sites. A lack of people living in, and travelling to, Port Adelaide is seen as the major cause of this decline.

2010 – present – Port Adelaide renaissance
In February 2010 Premier Mike Rann opened the $400 million Techport naval construction hub at Osborne (next to the Australian Submarine Corporation's facility) to underpin the development of the Navy's $8 billion Air Warfare Destroyer program and other naval construction projects. Techport features the largest ship lift in the Southern Hemisphere.

In 2015–16 Quest Hotel Consortium built a $25 million apartment building on the corner of McLaren Wharf and the Birkenhead Bridge. In 2016 it was announced that Starfish Developments and Cedar Woods had won tenders to develop 23ha of vacant waterfront land in the inner Port Adelaide harbour with total investment exceeding $1 billion. The development was later renamed Fletcher's Slip after a nearby historic landmark. In 2016 the Federal Government announced that DCNS had won the tender to build 12 submarines for the Royal Australian Navy in a $50 billion deal, with construction taking place in Port Adelaide. In 2016 the South Australian State Government indicated it is interested in re-establishing the tram network from the City to Port Adelaide, with links to Outer Harbor and Semaphore.

In 2017 developer EPC Pacific began construction of a $38 million office tower on Nelson Street in Port Adelaide that will house public servants. In 2021 this building was purchased by Centuria for $63 million. In 2017 the Port Admiral Hotel was reopened after a $1m redevelopment. It is one of the oldest buildings in Port Adelaide built in 1849. In 2017 Daniella Guevera from Mexico City opened La Popular Taqueria in Port Adelaide.

In 2018, Pirate Life Breweries announced it would be relocating in Port Adelaide into a $15m refurbished warehouse. In 2018, Precision Group began the redevelopment of the Port Canal Shopping Centre as Port Adelaide Plaza.

In 2019, The Banksia Tree Cafe and Corner Store opened on the site of the Brunswick Pier Hotel.

In January 2020 the first instance of a house to selling for $1 million in the suburb of Port Adelaide was recorded. In 2020, the first residents moved in to new townhomes constructed as part of Starfish's Dock One development. Once completed, Dock One will comprise approximately 650 new homes. In 2020 the Port Adelaide Pirates Soccer Club moved to their new home on the Peninsula after $9.2 million in investments for the Taperoo sports complex.

In 2021 the Newmarket Hotel in Port Adelaide was purchased for $4 million.

Heritage buildings
Port Adelaide is known for its well preserved 19th-century pubs and hotels, reflecting the area's maritime history in catering to the sailors of trading ships.

Streetscapes
During the rest of the 1800s harbour facilities expanded and the town grew. It gained an impressive range of commercial and institutional buildings. Many have survived, resulting in Port Adelaide having one of the best concentrations of colonial buildings in South Australia. Their significance was recognised in May 1982, when a sizeable part of the town centre was declared a State Heritage Area.

Prominent South Australian architect F. Kenneth Milne designed a woolstore for Goldsbrough Mort & Co sometime before 1929.

Town Hall
The Port Adelaide Enfield Council Offices building, designed by Christopher Arthur Smith and built as Port Adelaide Town Hall in 1939, was heritage-listed on the South Australian Heritage Register on 24 July 1980.

Pubs and hotels
The earliest recorded was the Port Hotel. It opened in 1838, two years before the port was officially declared. Three years later the First Commercial Inn opened. It has the longest licensing history in the suburb, though discontinuous. It did not trade for 12 years following a fire in 1857.

The British hotel is the longest continually licensed. It opened 1847 as a single storey building, and was rebuilt with two further storeys in 1876 for then-owner Henry Ayers. The South Australian Brewing Company acquired it in 1937. It was known from c. 1907–1952 as "McGraths British Hotel". Dockside Tavern is one of the few Late Victorian style buildings remaining in the Port. It was opened as the Britannia Hotel in 1850 then was rebuilt on site in 1898, in contemporary style. It was renamed as the Dockside Tavern in 2002. The Golden Port Tavern is on the corner of Vincent and Robe Streets. On this site the Carpenters' Arms Tavern opened in late 1850. The Arms burned down in 1865 and was replaced with the current hotel, then known as The Globe. The hotel's name was changed to the current one in 1981.

Black Diamond Square—named after the Black Diamond Hotel—is the main intersection of Port Adelaide, at the north end of Commercial Road. The hotel was designed by Adelaide architect William Wier. It opened as the White Horse Cellars Inn in 1851, with an integral 600 seat theatre. Parts of the building were used for an early freemason hall, library and the Port Adelaide Institute. It was renamed as the Family Hotel in 1876, then as the Black Diamond Hotel c. 1878. This last name came from the Black Diamond Line shipping company. From 1866 to 1883 Cannon brand beer was brewed in the hotel. The building was converted to retail shops in 1884 and the Central Hotel erected on the south side.

Port Dock Brewery hotel won business awards as best hotel and restaurant in 2001. It was built in 1855 and opened as the Dock Hotel. The current building structure results from an 1883 rebuild, with stone from Dry Creek near Yatala Labour Prison. The Hotel lost its licence in 1909, after a 1906 Opinion Vote. The building was renovated, part of it converted into a small brewery, and reopened as a hotel in 1986. Railway Hotel opened in 1856 opposite the new Port Adelaide railway station, a month before the line to Adelaide was opened. The hotel retains many original features including leadlight windows and an 1890s glass fanlight. Two six-room houses were built on the corner of Cannon Street and Church Place in 1873. They were converted into a single building and opened as the Kent Hotel in 1875. The building's exterior was restyled in Art Deco fashion in the 1940s and the interior of the hotel completely renovated in the 1990s. It is now known as the Port Anchor Hotel. Brunswick Pier Hotel was on the corner of Vincent and Robe Streets. It opened in 1878 in what had been a butcher's shop. The hotel lost its licence in 1909, along with other hotels, after an opinion poll resulted in a reduction of the number of licences. After this the building was used as a furniture shop and a butcher's shop. During the 1920s it became a pharmacy specialising in photographic materials and "Kirby's Calcarea Teething Powders". Medical suites were leased upstairs. It was bought by Birks Chemists in 1946, and remained a pharmacy until 1996. From then to at least 2001 the building was vacant.

On the corner of Dale street is a building that was opened by the Port Adelaide Market Company in 1879, divided into shops, offices and stalls. Part of the building was later adapted to make a 17-room hotel, the Newmarket. Colac Hotel, on Ocean Steamer's Road, opened in 1881. It was built opposite the then No. 1 Dock, alongside the 1879 extension to the South Australian Company basin. The hotel has had strong ties to both the Australian Labor Party and the union movement. Both former Prime Minister Bob Hawke and local Member of Parliament Mick Young used to talk to workers at the pub. Mick Young owned the pub from 1988 to 1990 and as of 2002 it was owned by the Labor Party.

From 1838 to 1906, sixty differently named hotels had been run on 38 different sites within Port Adelaide. A local opinion poll was held in Port Adelaide and other Adelaide districts in February 1906, on the subject of liquor licensing. Port Adelaide voters supported the Temperance Party's platform, reducing the number of licences by a third. Fifteen hotels and three wine licences expired on 25 March 1909 and were not renewed.

Port River
The Port River, known officially as the Port Adelaide river, is home to a resident population of bottlenose dolphins. The Port River's inner harbor near West Lakes and seaward from Lipson Reach feature dense stands of Grey mangroves which provide habitat for hundreds of species of marine, avian and insect life. The Port River is an important recruitment area for Blue swimmer crabs, Western king prawns and other commercially important species. The river also features established colonies of a wide variety of introduced marine organisms which originally arrived in South Australia in or on ships. Over 30 introduced marine species have so far been identified in the river.

Port Adelaide is bound by the Port River and Inner Harbour to the north and west, and by Webb Street and Grand Junction Road to the south. The main strip of Port Adelaide is along St Vincent Street, with a residential area to the south of the train station along Commercial Road and Webb Street. Recent residential development has occurred along the waterfront promenade.

Port Adelaide is a tidal port, with several shipping berths along the length of the estuary.

Parks
Port Adelaide has many parks. The most recent is a $2 million refurbishment of the Hart's Mill precinct at Port Adelaide, opened in May 2014. Hart's Mill, Mundy Street, Port Adelaide SA 5015, Australia.

Markets
Port Adelaide is home to various markets including the Torrens Island Food Market and the Fishermen's Wharf Market which is housed in Shed 1, the last remaining Wharf Shed in the inner Port Adelaide harbour. In December 2016 the Fisherman's Wharf Market building was scheduled to be demolished for the construction of apartments and a public plaza. The Markets where closed in August/September 2022.

Culture
Port Adelaide is traditionally a working class area which stemmed from the economic activity the wharves produced and the subsequent industry.

Progressive movements
Port Adelaide has a long-standing tradition of social reform and progressive movements. Early examples are religious leaders seeking to reduce prostitution and alcoholism amongst wharf workers in the mid-1800s. Later examples are union movements that fought for better working conditions on the wharf and surrounding industries. Recently Port Adelaide has had a strong tradition of helping support local indigenous populations with Kura Yerlo Community Centre and other indigenous programs. The Port Adelaide Football Club assists to advance the lives of disadvantaged and discriminated indigenous peoples and youth. Significant people involved in these movements are often recognised on the Port Adelaide Workers Memorial at Black Diamond Corner. In 2021 the South Australian May Day celebrations took place in Port Adelaide.

Art
Impressionist painter Mortimer Menpes was born, and grew up, in Port Adelaide where his father was a successful businessman. Modernist painter Margaret Preston was born in Port Adelaide and spent the first 10 years of her life in the area whilst her father worked as a marine engineer. The diverse subject matter in the Port Adelaide region has proved attractive to painters and artists such as John Giles. During the 1940s John Giles would often be accompanied by friend and fellow artist Jeffrey Smart whilst working on Port Adelaide maritime paintings.

The Port Adelaide Artists Forum organises events for local artists. Galleries in the area include the Black Diamond Gallery and Gallery Yampu. The Jackalope Studio Gallery serves as a working studio, a showcase for artists and photographers, framing studio and contains a large amount of purchasable art from Mexico.

There are several public artworks in Port Adelaide, including Glow / Taltaityai, at the western end of Walter Morris Drive. Sculpted in 2009 by Michelle Nikou and Jason Milanovic, the glow-in-the-dark sculptures of ibis and emu are representations of the Tjilbruke Kaurna Dreaming story.

The Wonderwalls Festival, which involves international artists using the buildings in the area for street art, attracts around 30,000 visitors to Port Adelaide.

Music
The Hart's Mill precinct is home to various events and festivals such as Adelaide Guitar Festival performances. The largest music festival in Port Adelaide is St Jerome's Laneway Festival. The Semaphore Music Festival also holds events in the flour shed at Hart's Mill.

The Waterside Workers Hall is a venue used for concerts as well as performance art and comedy. It is currently occupied by Vitalstatistix.

The Largs Pier Hotel had a history of hosting early Adelaide rock bands. Jimmy Barnes wrote a song after the pub and his experiences playing there. The Port Adelaide region is home to some notable vinyl record stores such as Porthole Records and Mr V Music.

Movies and Television

Port Adelaide's diverse subject matter, maritime backdrop, historic, modern and industrial architecture has made it an attractive location for movie and television productions. Examples of movies and television productions that have used Port Adelaide as a filming location include Mortal Kombat (2021), Escape from Pretoria (2020), Wolf Creek (2005), Gallipoli (1981), Bad Boy Bubby (1993), Never Too Late (2020), December Boys (2007), Boys in the Trees (2016), Anzac Girls (2014), Like Minds (2006), Oranges and Sunshine (2010), Cut (2000), Thunderstruck (2004), The Flip Side (2018), Heaven's Burning (1997), The Time Guardian (1987), Dance Me to My Song (1998), Black and White (2002), Look Both Ways (2005), Playing Beatie Bow (1986), Freedom (1982), Golden Fiddles (1991), Lust and Revence (1996), In a Savage Land (1999), Deck Dogz (2005), Fever (1989), Call Me Mr. Brown (1986), Working Class Boy (2018), Wrong Side of the Road (1981), Here I Am (2011), The New Adventures of Black Beauty (1992), Ebbtide (1994), Sebastian and the Sparrow (1988), The Life of Harry Dare (1995). Youth on the March (2017), Who Killed Jenny Langby? (1974), The Hunter (2008).

Sport
Port Adelaide's strong sporting tradition and culture extend into other sports with most clubs using black and white along with the magpie as their club symbols.

Sporting clubs

 * Port Adelaide Athletics Club (est. 1870)
 * Port Adelaide Rowing Club (est. 1877)
 * Port Adelaide Sailing Club (est. 1897)
 * Port Adelaide Cricket Club (est. 1897)
 * Port Adelaide Cycling Club (est. 1897)
 * Port Adelaide Baseball Club (est. 1889)
 * Port Adelaide Pirates (Soccer) (est. 1903)
 * Port Adelaide Bowling Club (est. 1903)
 * Port Adelaide Rugby Union Club (est. 1933)
 * Port Adelaide District Hockey Club (est. 1934)
 * Port Adelaide Tennis Club (est. 1973)

Port Adelaide Football Club
Port Adelaide is home to the Port Adelaide Football Club, an Australian rules football team. Its headquarters and training facility and home ground for South Australian National Football League (SANFL) games is Alberton Oval. Founded in 1870, the club has competed in the SANFL from 1877 until 1996, and in the Australian Football League AFL since 1997. The club was awarded the second AFL licence in South Australia in doing so becoming the only pre-existing non-Victorian club to gain entry into the competition. It had won 34 SANFL Premierships before its move to the AFL. The club is still represented by its reserves team in the SANFL.

Local governance
The office of the City of Port Adelaide Enfield is in the Council Chambers in St Vincent Street. The Council area is divided into seven wards that span across 51 suburbs and the Mayor is Claire Boan.

State politics
Port Adelaide is the namesake of its state electorate and its current elected representative is Susan Close (Labor).

Federal politics
Up until 2019, Port Adelaide was the namesake of its federal electorate; however, the suburb of Port Adelaide is now under the electorate of Hindmarsh and the current elected representative is Mark Butler (Labor).

Educational facilities
Tauondi Aboriginal College is located at 1 Lipson Street.

National Railway Museum
A railway museum was created by rail preservationists, and opened in 1963 on Railway Terrace, Mile End. The mostly outdoor exhibits remained on this site until 1988; during this period the gauge steam train known as Bub was built. Involvement of the History Trust of South Australia and receipt of a $2 million Australian Bicentennial Commemorative Grant enabled the museum's relocation to Port Adelaide in 1988. On 10 December of that year the Port Dock Railway Museum was opened by State Premier John Bannon. The museum was sited in the former Port Dock railway station, and retained the "Port Dock" name until 2001 when it was renamed the National Railway Museum. A significant change in 2001 was the opening of the Commonwealth Railways display pavilion. It was built with the assistance of a grant received under the Federation Grant Scheme; a scheme that commemorated the hundredth anniversary of the Federation of Australia. The pavilion was officially opened in October by the Honorable Peter McGauran, then Federal Minister for the Arts and the Centenary of Federation.

Visitors can ride in historic railway and custom-built narrow gauge carriages. Bub, a 457 mm steam locomotive, and Ken, a 457 mm diesel locomotive, take passengers on a loop track around the two main pavilions. Another 457 mm steam locomotive, Bill, is used for some of the year on a seafront rail line between Semaphore and Fort Glanville Conservation Park. Peronne, a narrow gauge steam locomotive, is used for further runs during special events. This locomotive was built in 1919 and used by Broken Hill Associated Smelters at Port Pirie until 1964.

The museum is an independent entity, run by volunteers and a small paid staff. It has track and trains representing all three main rail gauges used in South Australia: broad ; standard ; and narrow. Locomotives and rail stock fill two large display pavilions, and are accompanied by other historic railway related displays. On site is the South Australian Heritage Register listed Port Dock Goods Shed, the last remaining building from the former railway station. It was built in the 1870s and showcases the wooden construction techniques used by the South Australian Railways in the 19th century. The museum has a railway-related retail shop, hosts special events including an Annual Friends of Thomas show. The 1947 cafeteria car, or the entire site, can be hired.

South Australian Maritime Museum

On Lipson Street, within a historic warehouse, is the South Australian Maritime Museum. The Maritime Museum builds on the legacy of previous organisations including the Port Adelaide Institute. The Museum holds in trust, a collection that the Institute founded in 1872 and is now the oldest nautical collection in Australia.

City of Adelaide clipper
After a 14-year campaign the City of Adelaide Preservation Trust was successful in its bid to return the historic 1864 clipper City of Adelaide from Scotland to Port Adelaide, where she finally arrived in the inner harbour on 6 February 2014.

The City of Adelaide has a strong connection with South Australia, to which she made 23 voyages between 1864 and 1886, bringing an estimated 889 passengers who came to settle in South Australia.

The clipper's hull is being temporarily stored on a barge moored in Dock 1 of the port's inner harbour for the next 6–12 months, until a permanent location is selected and prepared. A major celebration was planned for the ship's 150th anniversary, on 17 May 2014.

South Australian Aviation Museum

The South Australian Aviation Museum is the State's official aviation museum. It is run by an independent non-profit voluntary organisation that is accredited by the History Trust of South Australia. The museum was formed in 1984 at Glenelg and relocated in 1986 to a former Port Adelaide Flourmill. It relocated again in 1996, to an aircraft hangar also in Port Adelaide, and in January 2006 opened on its present site in Lipson Street, adjacent to the railway museum.

In 1991 the State Historical Aviation Collection became part of the museum. This collection was formerly held by the National Motor Museum in Birdwood. A collection of rockets from Woomera was received for display in 1996. Amongst the exhibits are a recently retired Lockheed AP-3C Orion, a General Dynamics F-111C and a GAF Mirage IIID, which was formerly the gate guard at RAAF Base Edinburgh. Older aircraft include a Spitfire Mark VC that was recovered after crashing in Papua New Guinea in 1943, a de Havilland Sea Venom and a Westland Wessex HAS.31B, formerly from the aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne (R21) and a Douglas C-47B (Dakota) that was used for Government VIP transportation.

Austbuilt Maritime Museum
The Austbuilt Maritime Museum, operated by the Port Adelaide Historical Society, is located on Fletcher Road, Peterhead. It houses an extensive collection of maritime memorabilia accumulated by the late Keith Le Leu, who famously bought the steam tug Fearless for $1 in Brisbane in 1972 and steamed it to Adelaide. This vessel, currently owned by the South Australian Maritime Museum, remains on hardstand at Cruickshanks Corner near the Birkenhead Bridge, while its fate is still to be determined. During his lifetime, Keith Le Leu also donated other maritime artefacts for public display around Port Adelaide. These include two large anchors that sit outside the Birkenhead Tavern and another outside Le Fevre High School. The museum and these anchors form nodes along the Port Adelaide Anchor Trail, which was created in 2020.

Australian Museum of Childhood
The Australian Museum of Childhood displays a collection of toys that were manufactured in Australia from the 1890s onwards. The toys were collected by Alan Griffiths over a 30-year period.

Transport and bridges

The first transport infrastructure in the suburb was the construction of a 1 mi long road from the port to near the present Alberton Hotel. The road was opened in October 1840. The cost of this road, and the causeway upon which it ran proved so large that Governor Gawler allowed the constructing company to charge a toll. Later investigations showed the company was making excessive profits and a compromise was reached where the colony leased the roadway. Ownership of the roadway was later moved to the government, in exchange for land at Dry Creek.

The river was first crossed with a wooden bridge in the 1850s. This was replaced with the iron Jervois Bridge in 1878; It was named by Sir William Jervois after himself. Jervois Bridge was an opening bridge first operated by horse power, and later by mechanical means. It was replaced with a fixed bridge in the same position in 1969, when there was no longer a need for small boats to pass. Birkenhead Bridge, the first bascule bridge in Australia, opened in 1940. In 2004 Premier Mike Rann said the State government would build new rail and road bridges over the Port River at a cost of $178 million. On 3 April 2005 he announced that the 'opening and closing' bridges would be toll-free and would be opened twice a day to minimise disruptions to road traffic. It was opened for traffic on 3 August 2008. It is between Docks 1 and 2 at Port Adelaide and links with Francis Street to the east and Victoria Road to the west. A new railway through Port Adelaide was proposed in 2017, it started construction in June 2023 and is set to reopen in August 2024.

Tom 'Diver' Derrick Bridge, commonly referred to as the 'Diver' Derrick Bridge, is an opening, single-leaf bascule bridge over the Port River. It was built at the same time as an adjacent rail crossing, the Mary MacKillop Bridge.

At the opening of both bridges Rann unveiled a plaque dedicated to Mary Mackillop blessed by Pope Benedict during his recent visit to Sydney.

The Port Adelaide and Le Fevre Peninsula Ferry Co began operations in 1877, ferrying passengers from the end of Commercial Road to the other side of the river. The ferry stopped operating in 1943, consequent to opening of the Birkenhead Bridge.

In April 1856 a rail line reached the port, crossing the almost empty plain from Adelaide. By 1876 it was a thriving seaport and the principal artery from South Australia, to the rest of the country and to the World. To service the numerous stores and warehouses, many railway lines were built around the wharf areas, along streets, and connecting with the main lines from Adelaide. A horse tram line was constructed from Port Adelaide to Albert Park in 1879. This line was built in broad gauge to accommodate steam locomotives. Some of the line was raised on embankments to avoid swampy ground and flooding. The line used horse trams until 1914, when conversion to electric operation began. It reopened on 3 April 1917. From 1917 until its closure in 1935, the Port Adelaide tram system was not connected to the rest of Adelaide's light rail network.

Rail transport in the 21st century uses the Port Adelaide railway station which has two elevated platforms located on a viaduct, built in 1919. Trains connect to Adelaide and Outer Harbor. The line was closed in November 2009 to enable upgrade work on the line, station and viaduct. The line and station re-opened in 2010. Scheduled bus services directly connect Port Adelaide to much of metropolitan Adelaide. The Labor State Government promised that the Glenelg tram line would be extended down Port Road as far as Port Adelaide by 2018. However, during that year, the newly elected Liberal Party government scrapped the tram network expansion. In 2005 the road portion of the Port River Expressway was completed. It is a 5.5 km freeway-grade road, which links Port Adelaide and the Lefevre Peninsula to the northern suburbs of Adelaide, and major interstate routes via Salisbury Highway.

Famous Portonians
People who have lived around the Port Adelaide area include:
 * Bryan Dawe
 * John Hart
 * Kancho Bill Fenton
 * Mortimer Menpes
 * John Menadue
 * Bob Quinn

title: Port Adelaide


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Hello there, welcome to my user page!

About Me
I'm a male happily living in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. My username is based on my real name, David, although I don't really think I "rock".

Computer programming is one of my main hobbies. You can read more about that in the HTML and programming section of my user page.

I'm particularly interested in science, mathematics and computer science. Because of this, I like to visit the Wikipedia Science reference desk and try to answer a few of the questions there if I can. Even if I can't answer them (as is usually the case), some of the topics there are fascinating to read.

Wikipedia activity
In general, my contributions to Wikipedia relate to maintaining the encyclopedia as a whole, which leads to some people calling me a WikiGnome. However, I do not actively limit myself to this type of work, and I sometimes contribute meaningfully to some articles whenever I can. I also occasionally go on "link disambiguation sprees" if a disambiguation page has a lot of ambiguous links to it.

I am neither a deletionist nor am I an inclusionist. I am not in favour of deleting new articles that I think could grow into a much better article, but am keen on deleting those that should be deleted, such as articles that are clear vanity or nonsense.

HTML and programming
Sometime during 1999, I got into HTML coding and making webpages. In 2000, I started programming in JavaScript, and programming soon became a hobby.

In late 2003, I made a website on request called Eon Club, which is largely Pokémon oriented. It grew pretty fast and has quite a lot of stuff on it, but doesn't really get updated that much anymore. You can still look at it here.

However, my main generic website is located here.

Most of what I've done with JavaScript is on Eon Club, but some of my other non-Eon Club related JavaScript programs include a marble game, a Roman numeral converter and a love calculator (based on a classic schoolyard algorithm).

Proud contributions

 * Disambiguating the links in the 100 or so articles in the main namespace linking directly to the Fan disambiguation page.

Other than that, my contributions are generally here and there, this and that.

Other things
This page has been vandalised:                  times.

E-mail address: You can email me by clicking the "E-mail this user" link at the sidebar.

I also go on HRWiki now and again, although I don't have a registered user there. It's a great site for all Homestar Runner fans (like me).

Well, that's about it. Thanks for reading!

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Daverocks


text:
Talk:Sidequest

This page was nominated for deletion. The debate is at Votes for deletion/Sidequest. The result was merge with Side-quest. All content not redundant with that article has now been merged, and this page is a redirect. Sjakkalle 11:55, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sidequest


text:
Celestron

Celestron, LLC is a company that manufactures telescopes and distributes telescopes, binoculars, spotting scopes, microscopes, and accessories manufactured by its parent company, the Synta Technology Corporation of Taiwan.

History
The predecessor of Celestron was Valor Electronics, an electronics and military components firm founded in 1955 by Tom Johnson. Johnson became involved with telescopes when he built a 6" reflecting telescope for his two sons. In 1960, Johnson established the "Astro-Optical" division of Valor, which would later become Celestron.

By 1964, Johnson had founded "Celestron Pacific" as a division of Valor Electronics offering Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes from 4" to 22". In 1970 Celestron introduced its "C8" 8" diameter 2032 mm focal length, ƒ10 telescope, the first of a new line of telescopes built using methods developed by Celestron to produce Schmidt-Cassegrains at a high volume and low cost. These models made significant inroads into the amateur astronomical and educational communities.

Johnson, the founder of the company, sold Celestron in 1980. Celestron was acquired by Tasco in 1997 and almost went out of business when Tasco folded in 2001.

In early 2002 Celestron's rival, Meade Instruments, attempted a takeover but a bankruptcy court allowed the sale of the company back to its original owners. The company had been U.S. owned until April 2005 when it was acquired by SW Technology Corporation, a Delaware company and affiliate of Synta Technology Corporation of Taiwan. Synta is a manufacturer of astronomy equipment and related components and at that time had been a supplier for Celestron for over 15 years.

On March 13, 2012, Tom Johnson died at the age of 89.

Products

Celestron was the first large scale commercial manufacturer of the Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope, introducing its "C8" 8" diameter 2032 mm focal length, ƒ10 telescope in 1970. The primary innovation Celestron/Tom Johnson devised was a method to produce Schmidt corrector plates using a vacuum to pull the glass blanks into a pre-shaped curve mold called a "master block" during the polishing process.   This allowed for inexpensive mass production of corrector plates of uniform shape. The telescope line had a trademark matte orange tube (changed to glossy black in 1980, and back to semi-gloss orange in 2006), and double-fork equatorial mount, and became a popular large aperture, compact design.

Other telescope product lines include the CGE, CGEM, CPC, NexStar, Omni, Onyx, AstroMaster, Ambassador, TravelScope, and PowerSeeker product lines. These range from large computerized reflectors with GPS to decorative/casual viewing telescopes with brass tube refractors on wood mounts.

Celestron products (as of 2010) include:
 * 5", 6", 8", 9.25", 11", and 14" Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes (the number denoting the aperture) on German equatorial mounts (all) or fork mounts (C8, C9.25, C11), with most benefiting from GoTo control.
 * A range of 8", 9.25", 11", and 14" modified Schmidt-Cassegrains with a more advanced optical design marketed as EdgeHD
 * A range of 8", 11", and 36 cm Rowe-Ackermann Schmidt Astrographs (RASA)
 * A range of 2.4 to 6 in refractor telescopes.
 * 6 to 10 in traditional reflector telescopes on German equatorial mounts.
 * SkyScout – an astronomical sky finder or a personal planetarium.
 * Digital, Biological, and Stereo viewing microscopes
 * Binoculars and Spotting scopes
 * Various mounts
 * Numerous eyepiece lines, including both simple Plossl and complex wide-field designs such as the X-Cel and Luminos eyepiece lines.

Celestron telescopes offer the option to use computerized location of astronomical objects as well as mounts that will aim themselves at any given object, a technology known as GoTo. Most of the computerized models can be connected to an external computer via an RS-232 cable, allowing them to be controlled by a third-party astronomy program or connected to a GPS receiver. GPS receivers are useful for programming the telescope with its precise location and time, which aids the alignment process required for GoTo.

Some motorized telescopes sold during the mid 80s to early 90s, including the Celestron Compustar which used a form of GoTo technology, did not allow for dates after 2000, thus making some Celestron products susceptible to the Y2K bug. However, a third party chip to update the computer is available for some products.

Competition with Meade
Since their founding in 1972, Meade Instruments has been one of Celestron's chief rivals. Design, sizing, introduction, and pricing of each company's products lines and models have been in response to their competition with each other. There has been litigation over infringement of patents between the two companies, one instance regarding GoTo technology. In September 2013, Sunny Optics Inc, a unit of the Chinese firm Ningbo Sunny Electronic Co Ltd, completed the acquisition of the entire share capital of Meade. Meade later declared bankruptcy and was bought by Orion Telescopes & Binoculars and is now an American company based in Watsonville, California.

title: Celestron


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Turkish Invasion of Cyprus

Turkish Invasion of Cyprus
Reason why the page should be deleted 85.101.216.181 20:13, 11 January 2006 (UTC) This article is not objective.  This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - no consensus - SimonP 03:00, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Turkish Invasion of Cyprus

 * DeleteThis article should be deleted because it is very subjective. All articles in Wikipedia should be objective.
 * KeepThe events pertaining to the 1974 twin illegal invasion, partition and occupation of the northern areas of the Republic of Cyprus and described in the article are true. You should keep this article. unsigned comment by IP 134.58.253.113
 * possible sockpuppet the IP addy for that comment is a shared IP at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. The IP has a total of >50 edits, but has 4 in the last day, all relating to the Turkey/Greece/Cyprus dispute. Feco 17:27, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * A strongly POV fork of Cyprus dispute, created by User:Argyrosargyrou as an apparent means of getting around the current protection of the Cyprus dispute article. Argyrosargyrou appears to be something of an edit warrior, judging from the Cyprus dispute page history. I suggest that this article be merged with Cyprus dispute and deleted. -- ChrisO 11:57, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * (Added) Large chunks of the content appear to be a straight copy-and-paste from http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/15.htm . It's not clear whether this constitutes a copyright violation, but it's certainly bad practice. -- ChrisO 17:23, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Well if that's where the introduction originally came from then why don't you nominate the "Cyprus dispute" page for deletion as well since that's where I copied it from before editing it. Dobule standards is what is and more prove if any more was need that the vfd for this page is part of a contend war and therefore invalid ! --Argyrosargyrou 10:05, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * That section has now been reworded so this no possibility of copyright violations.--Argyrosargyrou 10:19, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: This is the 3rd attempt of User:Argyrosargyrou(currently under Requests for comment/Argyrosargyrou) to get around the protection of Cyprus dispute, he has tried Cyprus issue, Cyprus problem and now this. Request immediate deletion or redirect. --E.A 12:58, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for being a POV fork. This is yet another attempt of User:Argyrosargyrou to push through his view on the Cyprus dispute/issue/conflict, and is virtually identical with his last edit there (before the page was locked): Argyro's last edit - Snchduer 13:08, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep This Vfd is an attempt by the Turkish propagandists and apologists named above (Snchduer and E.A) to deny the Turkish invasion of Cyprus and the crimes against humanity which Turkey perpetrated against Greek Cypriots including mass human rights violations of which Turkey has been found Guilty of by the European Court of Human Rights, destruction of cultural heritage, illegal colonisation and fate of missing persons. These Turkish apologists have repeatedly vandalised the Cyprus dispute page in order to prevent the facts and figures from being included and now they are using the same disruptive tactics here.--Argyrosargyrou 13:59, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Nonsense. I nominated it for deletion, and I have no involvement with any of the parties nor the disputed articles. -- ChrisO 16:53, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * You are a Turkish apologist and do have involvement in disputed articles since you have nominated this historical article for deletions. That makes you a holocaust denier. It is sickening that people like you want to deny the truth about crimes against humanity to the whole world.--Argyrosargyrou 09:43, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * WP:CIV, WP:NPA, Godwin's law, don't compare people to nazis. Radiant_* 13:19, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * And anyway this page was originally nominated for deletion by the Turkish apologist Snchduer who is involved in a content war on the Cyprus dispute page and is responsible for repeated vandalism of that page in order to exclude that facts that I have placed on this page.--Argyrosargyrou 09:53, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Either way, it's a POV fork, so merge back, unfork and delete and use WP:RFC to decide the debate if necessary. Radiant_* 14:04, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a point of fact not a point of view. The Turkish invasion of Cyprus occured and is a historical issue. Deletion of this page is tantamount to denying the NAZI hlocaust ever happend--Argyrosargyrou 14:15, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * WP:CIV, WP:NPA, Godwin's law, and read what I just wrote. We already have an article on the Cyprus matter and there's no point in having two of them. Radiant_* 13:19, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * As I have already said that article does not contain anything about war crimes, ethnic cleaning, missing persons, destruction of cultural heritage, human rights violations and illegal colonisation and it equates the innocent victims with the brutal aggressors. Every attempt I have made to include the historical facts in that article has been met with Vandalism by the Turkish apologists who have taken it over and are conspiring with each other to prevent the truth form being heard.--Argyrosargyrou 15:17, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It will contain as soon as you calm down a bit, and stop trying and rewriting the whole article in order for these facts to be included. Oh, and start accepting the Turkish Cypriot point of view as well. (mind, I am not Turkish nor Turkish Cypriot) - Snchduer 15:27, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. POV forks like these are not candidates for speedy deletion, to the best of my knowledge—and I asked around. JRM · Talk 15:08, 2005 May 30 (UTC)
 * Agreed. The policy clearly doesn't allow for speedy deletion in such circumstances. -- ChrisO 16:53, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, but regular deletion may be appropriate. Or not. That's what this discussion is for. Radiant_* 13:19, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Note that my comment was in direct response to several speedy delete votes that have since mysteriously disappeared. JRM · Talk 07:48, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)
 * send to RFC; there probably is scope for an article on the specific military actions of the Turks as a subpage to the Cyprus dispute page, but RFC is the place to sort it, not VFD. Dunc|☺ 17:06, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and send to RFC. A POV fork is not the solution to a content dispute. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 17:30, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, more of Argyrosargyrou's attempt to rewrite history. RickK 19:40, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, everyone note that there is already an RfC on the user in question b/c the problems are spread across multiple articles. Feco 04:04, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Another well known Turkish apologist that has also nominated the Hellenic Genocide page for deletion as part of a content war. --Argyrosargyrou 09:43, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I guess you're having a hard time keeping all us Turkish apologists straight. I never nominated Hellenic Genocide for deletion. In fact, I actually voted to keep it, stating that wiki had a big gap in covering the events in question. I changed my vote to delete after seeing you monopolize the article, abuse wikipedia, insult users and refuse to accept any other editors' contributions to the article. I highly encourage folks to read Hellenic Genocide and its associated VfD page. Feco 17:31, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete if possible as a re-creation of previously deleted content. If that argument doesn't convince, then delete as POV fork. --Angr/undefined 05:38, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Absolute nonsense.--Argyrosargyrou 09:43, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - there is no place on WP for this sort of POV fork. OpenToppedBus - Talk 10:27, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as POV fork. - Mustafaa 18:46, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as skewed POV. This site ignores ligitimate Turkish concerns, the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee, and the primary motivation for the UNSC resolutions (setting precedents affecting British, U.S. and Russian spheres of influence with restive oppressed minorities)- Expatkiwi 05:01, 2 June 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep. The text as it currently reads is full of pro-Greek POV and clearly needs a lot of work. However, the concept of the article is valid (it has the potential to be far more than a POV fork). Just because we have an article Napoleonic Wars doesn't preclude the existence of Battle of Waterloo. I think that everyone needs to calm down and get back to editing good articles. Phlogistomania 13:56, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This needs sorting out, but not on VfD.  My preference: Get rid of obviously POV titles (like Greek Cypriot Genocide or Turkish Cypriot Genocide), treat a broad overview in Cyprus dispute, and have a neutral article specifically on the Turkish invasion (which is part of the broader conflict but a specific military "event") at this location, preferably one that treats the invasion as narrowly as possible and refers the reader to Cyprus dispute for information on the wider geopolitical issues (so as to avoid fighting over the same issues on a multitude of pages). --Delirium 01:27, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Duplication of Cyprus dispute.     16:30, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep We need different views of the same subject. Aalien 20:26, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Nobody is saying that the information shouldn't be there, nor that the Greek POV not be reported, but separating out all pro-Greek information into one article is not the Wikipedia way. RickK 23:53, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep. The Cyprus Issue itself is a POV issue. In my opinion there is no way that articles surrounding it will get away from POV issues. So, best thing to do is let both POVs exist not suppress them. I know that user Argyrosargyrou has been trying to pass his GC POV on Cyprus dispute without success due to an "organised gang" of Turkish or TC POV individuals. Also, the Turkish invasion of Cyprus is a significant event in the Cyprus dispute which does deserve its own article. --Ank99 05:49, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Your personal attacks are not acceptable. Just because someone wants to keep an article NPOV does not mean they adhere to the opposite POV from the one in this article.  RickK 23:53, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep The article is definitely not perfect, but it does contain relevant material. --Valentinian 22:05, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Why can't that information be in the original article that this was forked from? RickK 23:53, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep This article certainly has more references than the pro-Turkish side. In light with recent developments of another user, I think we should keep this and let him share his point of view, just as others have.  BTW this is not a duplication of the Cyprus dispute. It only uses the same sources of info.  This is not rewriting history.  This action is obviously a historical truth.  There was an invasion.  But if I were not so busy or if I were not on vacation, would I sit back while I see various new articles pop up with a Turkish POV allegedly, which may be historical just as this article is?  No I would not.  I would state my own opinion as others have done.  Nevertheless, I would have done thinks a lot differently than anyone here.  I was already branded as a person with a POV but I would not go on a crusade to write articles for the hell of it.  By now whoever started it is irrelevant and the fact that it is happening is the issue.  I have a lot more to say on this matter but I have to be brief right now.  I have to get back to my vacation. PEACE and GOD BLESS.(UNFanatic 05:14, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC))

 * Strong Keep I cannot understand why it should be deleted. I thought the Turkish Military is very proud on the success of the invasion. When there are articles on single battles, why a war cannot have its own article? —Geraki 2005-06-13 T 14:56 Z
 * Who said it couldn't? Where has that ever been anyone's contention?  RickK 23:53, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Comments

 * Argyrosargyrou, your comments only discredit yourself, not the others. Stop behaving like a spoiled child. - Snchduer 12:41, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Argyrosargyrou, I'd like to know what your vision for Cyprus would be, as you obviously oppose two countries on the island. Is your mood for (a) a federal state in Cyprus, (b) a unitary state under the 1960 constitution, (c) a unitary state under a new constitution, (d) or a province of the Hellenic Republic?  As you know, I support recognition for the TRNC. )- Expatkiwi 05:04, 2 June 2005 (UTC)
 * This is what user talk pages were made for. I cannot see such a discussion contributing meaningfully to the VfD—no disrespect intended. JRM · Talk 17:02, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

 * Delete This article should be deleted or there should be another article as "Cyprus Peace Opearation". Turks did not come to the island to make an invasion. Turks came to island to protect the Turkish Cypriots who were sufferring of persecution by Greek Cypriots. Maverick16 (talk) 09:03, 19 April 2010 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ted Townsend

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Userfied. Eugene van der Pijll 18:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Ted Townsend
Vanity page by User:Tedtownsend who has turned his user page into a redirect to this page. Uppland 11:57, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, NN. Nateji77 12:14, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity, autobiography--Sophitus 13:00, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy by deleting this and reverting the redirect on User:Tedtownsend. Lupo 13:48, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity, move content to user page -- UkPaolo 15:42, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfied. RickK 19:44, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Template:Samuel Beckett

title: Template:Samuel Beckett


text:
Bockum

Bockum is a northeastern district of Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With its large parks, its advantageous location and high housing comfort, it is one of the most favoured residential areas in the city. The center of Bockum is marked by the neogothic church of St. Gertrudis. In addition, the zoo, the Stadtwald, the Grotenburg Stadion and a large swimming facility offer diverse recreational opportunities. The living costs lie in the upper third, with mostly single occupancy housing; the population is considered mostly conservative.

Places to visit

 * Haus Sollbrüggen
 * Krefeld Zoo

title: Bockum


text:
User:Silversmith/Images

Here are the images I've contributed to Wikipedia/Wikimedia Commons so far.

title: User:Silversmith/Images


text:
Talk:Rain Man

Age discrepancy
The ages/timeline in the plot section do not tie up.

 * "Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise), a Los Angeles car dealer in his mid-twenties..."

and
 * "...his estranged father (whom Charlie has not seen in over 20 years since he ran away from home at age 15)..."

If he ran away at age fifteen, and has not seen his father for over twenty years, that puts him in his mid-thirties, doesn't it? Annesville (talk) 08:22, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

References to use

 * Please add to the list references that can be used for the film article.

Title
So why is this movie called 'Rain man'? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.44.94.177 (talk) 02:12, 15 November 2010 (UTC)
 * May be the baby Charles used to call Raymond 'Rainman' incorrectly and latter he thought it was somebody called Rain Man who used to sing for him.Anuandraj (talk) 10:02, 20 February 2011 (UTC)

Airport scene
Should there be a reference made that the airport was cut from some airings of the movie because of objections from the Airlines mentioned? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.80.62.93 (talk) 00:50, 29 June 2011 (UTC)

Slang
The article does not seem to say what term has seen use in slang. 'Rain Man'?

 * The article has been clarified, and the term "Rain Man" (as you correctly guess) is the word the writer had in mind. 206.72.11.46 28 June 2005 20:01 (UTC)]]

Sony Watchman
The handeld TV Charlie buys Raymand ia a Sony Watchman FD-40A. --Phillipbeynon (talk) 20:13, 9 September 2012 (UTC)

Plot revision
(UTC)

 * Scm83x – How exactly is the plot summary "lacking" in order, detail and accuracy? It may not be a bad idea to revise the article, especially if important plot details are missing. But I saw this film too, and I think this article hits a number of the high points, and is presented in a logical fashion. 206.72.11.46 28 June 2005 18:06 (UTC)]]

 * The article hits the high points but not really in a logical fashion. Some events are not explained well and cause and effect relationships are ignored.  The plot wouldn't make much sense if you hadn't already seen the movie. - Scm83x 28 June 2005 18:42 (UTC)

 * Scm83x – Yeah, I can see what you're saying. I was responsible for writing a major portion of the plot, though it's been awhile since I've seen the movie. Perhaps a new, fresher perspective would be a good thing (especially with the cause-and-effect thing). 206.72.11.46 28 June 2005 19:57 (UTC)]]

 * I fixed the typos - I think it is okay to take off the repair tag. -Mydotnet 23:52, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Casino
"However, Raymond is soon distracted by a spinning roulette wheel (which he likens to Wheel of Fortune), and Charlie's cover is blown."

It's actually the Big Money Wheel, not Roulette.

I don't understand why Charlie should be covered here, because the do not cheat anyways. The casino managers just think that they might cheat and want them to leave, but they didnt find anything of course.

actually some savants are faster than computers so it could be considered cheating, but i want to know if they can really count cards like that, or if they have to learn the skill.24.3.56.115 13:39, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The didn't cheat, that's correct. Counting cards is not cheating, nor is it considered cheating in any regulated casino. It is not cheating to have a superior mental ability; similarly, the house will not give you back your losses if you have an inferior mental ability and claim that you have thus been cheated. That's why they were thrown out, but not arrested. RUReady2Testify 02:48, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Hot water incident
The article says:
 * As Charlie draws water for a bath, Raymond has a panic attack, screaming, "Hot water burn baby", suggesting that Raymond almost burned his infant brother in scalding water, and this is why he was sent to the Walbrook Institution, although it was more likely that the father found himself unable to look after Raymond following the death of the mother (Raymond mentioned that he was sent to Walbrook a few days after his mother's death).

I disagree with this elaborate explanation. Isn't the simpler explanation found in the shot when Charlie & Raymond walk away from the bath, and the viewer can see that unbeknownst to Charlie the photograph of Raymond with Charlie as a baby had fallen into the bath (Raymond presumably is unable to distinguish between the photo of a baby and a real baby). Ben Finn 15:52, 25 February 2007 (UTC)
 * No, the photograph falls in after the whole flashback scene & the singing. 166.113.52.54 15:57, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

Family Guy reference
In the last episode of season 3, Peter shouts "UH-OH!" twice in very embarrassing scenarios. Obviously a reference to this film! Should this be included? 211.30.93.241 11:59, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

Do you have a reliable source saying this? I've never heard of anybody else, a writer of the episode or otherwise, saying it was a reference. No offense, but I really think you just created that out of thin air. --69.248.1.200 (talk) 23:42, 29 October 2011 (UTC)

60 Minutes: George Finn
I believe 60 Minutes discused a man named George Finn as a basis for the character?

http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/01/26/60minutes/main2401846.shtml

(CBS) This segment was originally broadcast on Jan. 28, 2007. It was updated on Sep. 5, 2007.

Almost 25 years ago, 60 Minutes introduced viewers to George Finn, whose talent was immortalized in the movie "Rain Man." George has a condition known as savant syndrome, a mysterious disorder of the brain where someone has a spectacular skill, even genius, in a mind that is otherwise extremely limited.

 * Eh, no. I think you want Kim Peek. Maybe they mean his syndrome was immortalized in Rain Man... And anyways, I didn't think mental retardation was a prerequisite for savantism... 74.32.229.23 (talk) 19:37, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Critical reception?
It doesn't say anything about what people thought of it. Isn't that usually included in movie articles? Especially with such a successful movie about such an unknown topic. In fact, I thought I saw a show talking about how a bunch of autistic people (mainly adults) recognized their symptoms thanks to this movie. Well, it was probably a 60 minutes sort of thing, but still. At least from the standpoint of people dealing with autism (in whatever way), it was an influential movie. And anyways... we have so much of the plot and so little of what it did in the world. So... yeeeaaah. Go autism. 74.32.229.23 (talk) 19:45, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

The second sentence of the Critical Reception section has an anachronism:
 * "Rain Man was overall positively received by critics. It garnered an 87% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes with an average score of 7.7/10."

All other reviews are from 1988-1989; but Rotten Tomatoes was started in 1999. The paragraph makes it sound like the Rotten Tomatoes review aggregator scored the movie as it was released. I propose: either delete the sentence, or reword to: "It has garnered ...".Richard C. Yeh (talk) 20:08, 16 April 2011 (UTC)

What Rotton Tomatoes is trying to say is that 87 percent of reviewers gave Rain Man a positive rating. I really don't think that the sentence should be deleted, because if you mean the entire sentence, then the reader will miss out on the fact that Rotten Tomatoes said that %87 of critics who reviewed the movie said that it was great. --69.248.1.200 (talk) 23:42, 29 October 2011 (UTC)

Plot summary
The plot summary has been overlong for quite some time. At over 2200 words it was one of the longest plot summaries on Wikipedia.

I've trimmed back drastically by removing excessive detail, removing over ten kilobytes and summarising, resulting in a plot summary of about 420 words, more in line with Wikipedia practice. --Tony Sidaway 05:56, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Popular culture
There are many references to Rain Man in popular culture but it isn't our job to catalog them all. I've trimmed the section to illustrate the common use of such references with two or three examples. --Tony Sidaway 20:41, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

The rest of the English-speaking world
Charlie, what's a "Lucky Aide"? 92.251.255.18 (talk) 23:12, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

One of the best movies on the subject of autism
I think the sentence claiming that "Rain Man has been listed one of the best movies on the subject of autism" is not supported by the reference. The reference provided is for autism-world.com which seems to be a personal website. The webpage itself claims only to list movies with autistic characters, not "the best movies on the subject of autism". The list given on the website is incorrect: it lists "What’s Eating Gilbert Grape" as a movie containing an autistic character. The list is clearly an individual's personal list of movies, not a general consensus that Rain Man is one of the best movies on the subject of autism. 86.159.106.234 (talk) 11:49, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

Categorizing within Category:Fictional characters on the autistic spectrum
Categorizing this article for the sake of its titular character isn't an abuse of overcategorization, in my opinion. In fact, it would be expected given the status of the character within a category which appears designed just for that purpose. Therefore, I have reverted the deletion.73.131.228.245 (talk) 12:47, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * You are incorrect. Characters cats are for character articles. --- The Old Jacobite  The '45  12:50, 12 September 2017 (UTC)

Not "social engineering"
Through social engineering, he learns the money is being directed to a mental institution, where he meets his older brother, Raymond Babbitt, of whom he was previously unaware. People were tricking each other several thousand years ago, before the English language even existed, and we don't need to use absurd terminology like "social engineering" here. NotYourFathersOldsmobile (talk) 01:03, 15 March 2018 (UTC)
 * At 17:10 Bruner clearly states that he is the trustee of the fund, and "the hospital doesn't get any of it", so the sentence "money is being directed to a mental institution" is clearly false. That might also be the reason why Charlie in the end makes his peace with Bruner taking care of Raymond. 2001:A61:BEE:E901:EDB5:A0D8:B233:FD20 (talk) 21:49, 2 November 2019 (UTC)

Additional Source Materials
Below is a list of additional source materials that I plan to analyze in order to create additions to the main page. These center around savant syndrome, which is not discussed enough in the main page as of this time.

Aguilar, Gabriela. (2019). Mental disorders in popular film: How Hollywood uses, shames, and obscures mental diversity: by Erin Heath, Lanham, MD, Lexington Books, 2019, 106 pp., $80.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-49-852171-0. Disability & Society. 35. 1-3. 10.1080/09687599.2019.1691838.

Chivers, Sally and Nicole Markotic. The Problem Body: Projecting Disability in Film. The Ohio State University Press, 2010. Project MUSEmuse.jhu.edu/book/27736.

Heaton P, Wallace GL. Annotation: the savant syndrome. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004 Jul;45(5):899-911. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00284.x. PMID: 15225334.

Hughes, J.E.A., Ward, J., Gruffydd, E. et al. Savant syndrome has a distinct psychological profile in autism. Molecular Autism 9, 53 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0237-1

Lyall, S. (2007, February 19). Living with savant syndrome: Learning to manage an extraordinary gift. The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/19/health/19iht-savant.html

Treffert, Darold A. “The savant syndrome: an extraordinary condition. A synopsis: past, present, future.” Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences vol. 364,1522 (2009): 1351-7. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0326 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Madelineutter13 (talk • contribs) 23:18, 30 April 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: 22S-DIS STD-M114- Variable Topics in Performance and Disability Studies
— Assignment last updated by Elyonn (talk) 03:06, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

Legacy misleading
The start of the Legacy section (at least as of the day I posted this) is misleading. A reader could infer a causal connection between the release of the movie and the increase in autism diagnoses. In fact, the surge is almost entirely due to the broadening of autism definitions in DSM-III-R (released the year before the movie) and DSM-IV (1994). KevinBTheobald (talk) 19:50, 25 February 2023 (UTC)

Misattribution of misrepresentation of autism
Under Production: "Even so, audiences were swayed into thinking that most autistic individuals were intellectually capable of savant abilities largely by Hoffman's portrayal of Raymond Babbitt." -- This of course would be due to the script, not Hoffman's portrayal. It was part of the script that the character had these abilities, Hoffman did not invent those as an actor. 62.194.24.237 (talk) 12:13, 12 July 2023 (UTC)
 * That's a reasonable point, and I was about to change "Hoffman's portrayal" to "the film's portrayal", but then I read the whole paragraph again and found statements like "Hoffman's deciding to make Babbitt not only a man with Savant Syndrome, but also an autistic man". According to the WP:RS we cite, Hoffman contributed a lot which hadn't been in the script. I now think the sentence about the portrayal is OK. But if there are other sources that put more weight on the script, I might change my mind. Thanks for your input! — Chrisahn (talk) 16:41, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rain Man


text:
Institution of Incorporated Engineers

The Institution of Incorporated Engineers (IIE) was a multidisciplinary engineering institution in the United Kingdom. In 2006 it merged with the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) to form the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). Before the merger the IIE had approximately 40,000 members. The IET is now the second largest engineering society in the world next to the IEEE. The IET has the authority to establish professional registration of engineers (Chartered Engineer or Incorporated Engineer) through the Engineering Council. The IEEE does not have the authority to replicate the registration process in its complementary environment.

History
The IIE traces its heritage to the Vulcanic Society that was founded in 1884. The Vulcanic Society was formed by a group of apprentices from the works of Maudslay, Son & Field Ltd, in Lambeth, London. This society went through three name changes before it became the Junior Institution of Engineers in 1902, which became the Institution of General Technician Engineers in 1970 and the Institute of Mechanical and General Technician Engineers (IMGTechE) in 1976. In 1982 the IMGTechE and Institution of Technician Engineers in Mechanical Engineering (ITEME) merged to form the Institution of Mechanical Incorporated Engineers (IMechIE).

The Institution of Electrical and Electronic Incorporated Engineers (IEEIE) and the Society of Electronic and Radio Technicians (SERT) merged in 1990 to form the Institution of Electronics and Electrical Incorporated Engineers (IEEIE).

The IIE was formed in April 1998 by the merger of the IMechIE, the IEEIE and The Institute of Engineers and Technicians (IET). In 1999, the Institution of Incorporated Executive Engineers (IIExE) merged with the IIE.

In October 2001, IIE received a Royal Charter in recognition of the significant contribution of its members to the UK economy and society.

In 2005, the Society of Engineers also merged with the IIE.

Formation of the IET
Discussions started in 2004 between the IEE and the IIE about the formation of a new institution, the Institution of Engineering and Technology. Following members voting in favour of the merger, the IET became operational on 31 March 2006.

title: Institution of Incorporated Engineers


text:
Talk:Magdalena de la Cruz

Untitled
"honoured as a saint" -- dont you have to be canonized for that? Nateji77 12:03, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

I'd never heard that she was honored as a saint. The most sympathetic Catholic account I've heard is that she was deserves pity as the Medieval equivalent of a mental patient.--T. Anthony 03:36, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

The statement comes from the old Catholic Encyclopedia in its article on Imposters, the implication being that, in reponse to her apparent supernatural talents, she was treated as a ‘saint’ during her lifetime by many people, including the Empress Isabel. (The article comes down rather hard on the credulity of popular Spanish religion. I think we would call that POV, because magic acronyms make life simpler for us.) —Ian Spackman 13:20, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

I do not know if you have heard of the case of Magdalena of Cordoba. In case you haven't, Magdalena of Cordoba lived from the late 15th century to the mid-16th century. She joined the Poor Clares convent in Cordoba, Spain, and immediately became known for having mystical gifts: levitation, ecstasies, gift of healing and prophecy, and so on. It did not take long for Magdalena's popularity to spread all throughout Spain. For 40 long years, Spaniards from all walks of life visited her convent to see her and hear her counsel (even the reigning king of Spain visited her to seek spiritual advice). The Poor Clares, for their part, elected Magdalena as their mother superior a number of times. After 40 years or so, Magdalena fell gravely ill and, thinking she was about to die, revealed the terrifying truth to the horrified priest assigned to give her the Last Rites.

And the truth was this: All her mystical experiences, while genuine and real as far as being genuine and real go, were actually demonic simulations. As it turned out, Magdalena, as a youth, sold her soul to the devil in exchange for a lifetime of reputation of piety and holiness. The Inquisition immediately set out to condemn her experiences and revelations. Magdalena, for her part, recovered from her illness. She was dismissed from the Poor Clares and was sentenced by the Inquisition to life imprisonment in her former room at the convent and received nourishment solely from food passed on to her through a specially-made hole in the door of the room.

It was solely because of Magdalena of Cordoba that alarm bells started ringing in the heads of the members of the Inquisition in the late 16th century when a young Discalced Carmelite nun reported possessing mystical gifts, and these Inquisition people really made life miserable at first for this young nun because they feared that she was a Magdalena-in-the-making. This young nun was actually the young Teresa of Avila. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hliguori1 (talk • contribs) 05:47, 28 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Magdalena de la Cruz


text:
Canberra Grammar School

Canberra Grammar School is a co-educational, independent, day and boarding school located in Red Hill, a suburb of Canberra, the capital of Australia.

The school is affiliated with the Anglican Church of Australia and provides an education from preschool to Year 12 for boys and girls. In October 2015, the school announced that it would extend co-education to all years, commencing in 2016 with an intake of girls in Years 3 and 4. By 2018, the school became fully co-educational.

The school was founded in 1929 when the existing Monaro Grammar School was relocated to Canberra from Cooma. The foundation stone was laid on 4 December 1928 by Prime Minister Stanley Bruce. Initially, it was attended by only 63 students, but the school has grown considerably since the early 1950s to a total attendance of 1,749 students as of June 2015.

The school has educated one Australian Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, and has a long list of notable alumni.

The school consists of 5 main campuses: Red Hill Southside, Red Hill Primary, Red Hill Senior, the Early Learning Center (ELC) and Northside Campbell.

Curriculum
In the primary school, the Australian Curriculum and Early Years Learning Framework requirements are incorporated through International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme.

In the senior school, from years 7 to 10, the school follows the Australia Curriculum and the ACT Every chance to learn curriculum framework. Unlike other schools in the Australian Capital Territory, Canberra Grammar School does not follow the ACT Year 12 Curriculum. Instead, it is the only school in the ACT where students in years 11 and 12 have the option to study either the New South Wales Higher School Certificate (HSC) or the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme. In 2012, Canberra Grammar became an International Baccalaureate World School.

Co-curricular
Canberra Grammar School is a member of the Associated Southern Colleges (ASC). The school offers many activities outside school hours. These include sport, music and other activities.
 * Junior School: athletics, adventure club, ball games, basketball, chess, cricket, cross country running, drama, European handball, gardening, golf, indoor soccer, mini volleyball, multimedia, orienteering, rugby, art, swimming, tae kwon do, tennis and triathlon.
 * Senior School: athletics club, alternate reality club (ARC), badminton, basketball, CGS Academy (Yr 11 & 12 tutoring for younger students), chess, Code Cadets, community service, cricket, cross country, Cru (Christian Group), debating, dragon boating, drama, Duke of Edinburgh awards, Equestrian Club, football (soccer), golf, hockey, mountain biking,  netball, orienteering, outdoor education, rowing, rugby, sailing, snowsports, strength and conditioning, STEM Club, Sustainable CGS, swimming,  tae kwon do, tennis, Thucydides club and water polo.
 * Junior School Music: Junior School Chorale, Junior Choir, Senior Choir, String Orchestra, Concert Band and the Canberra Grammar School Stage Band.
 * Senior School Music is made up of two streams of performance groups:
 * The Advanced Musicians Program consists of a senior (higher level) concert band, Chamber Orchestra, senior jazz band, senior percussion ensemble, brass ensemble and Motet. These students have high level performance opportunities.
 * The large ensemble program provides larger ensemble-based experiences, including two concert bands, junior (lower level) jazz band, two string ensembles, a choir, an electric guitar ensemble, junior percussion ensemble and a piano ensemble.

Many of the Senior School ensembles have done numerous tours overseas over the years.

The school also holds a major musical every two years. Previous productions have included: Grease (2021), Chess (2020-cancelled due to Covid), The Pirates of Penzance (2018) Barnum (2015) and Guys and Dolls (2013).

List of houses
As with most Australian schools, Canberra Grammar utilises a house system. The Senior School consists of ten houses:

The school also has three Year 7 houses:

The Junior School has six houses introduced in 2022. These houses were named after local flora and fauna using the traditional Indigenous language of the Ngunnawal people: The Junior School's original four houses, in place till 2021: Most of these houses are in the upper years.

Inter-house competitions
Houses form the basis of much of the inter-school competition that occurs throughout the academic calendar. Currently, the three prizes ‘\awarded annually to houses are: the Manaro House Shield, the Captain's Cup, and the Sportsmaster's Cup.

Manaro House Shield
Events:

 * Swimming
 * Cross country
 * Athletics
 * Athletics Standards
 * House music (shout, rock, 4–20 voices (a capella) and instrumental)
 * Effort grades

The House Shield is currently held by Garnsey House.

Captains' Cup
The exact events of the Captains' Cup are at the discretion of the captains and vice-captains of the school, and thus vary on a year-to-year basis. The events for 2024 are, in no particular order:

 * Soccer
 * Netball (since 2018)
 * Medical warfare (dodgeball)
 * Debating
 * Basketball

Typically, a "CGS All Star" team is selected from players in the competition to compete against the champion house in each event.

The Captains' Cup is currently held by Jones House.

Sportsmaster's Cup
The Sportsmaster's Cup is determined by:

 * Spirit
 * Attendance
 * Participation

The Sportsmaster's Cup is currently held by Garran House.

Notable alumni

 * Academia

 * Peter David Arthur Garnsey (1961)

 * Professor Geoffrey Garrett, political scientist
 * Professor Malcolm Gillies, Vice-Chancellor and President, City University, London; Vice-Chancellor, London Metropolitan University
 * Professor Jeffrey Grey, Australian military historian
 * Professor Toby Miller, sociologist

 * Business
 * Kerry Packer, publishing, media and gaming tycoon
 * Nectarios (Nicky) Efkarpidis, architect and property developer
 * Rowan Dean, advertising executive
 * Terry Snow, Executive Director of the Canberra Airport Group, Australian businessman (trained accountant), entrepreneur, and philanthropist

 * Media, entertainment and the arts
 * Richard Glover, author, journalist, ABC radio presenter
 * Alister Grierson, film director and scriptwriter
 * Francis James, RAF pilot and POW during WWII, journalist and publisher, activist against the Vietnam War
 * Peter Leonard, former WIN News Canberra reader
 * James O'Loghlin, ABC Sydney presenter
 * Dan O'Malley, author of The Rook
 * Fred Smith, musician, writer and diplomat
 * Bill Birtles, ABC journalist

 * Politics, public service and the law
 * Henry Pike, Liberal National Party of Queensland Federal member for Bowman, Queensland
 * Wal Fife, Liberal Party of Australia Federal member for Hume, New South Wales
 * Robert Piper, Deputy Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and the humanitarian coordinator for the Occupied Palestinian Territory, with the rank of UN Assistant Secretary General
 * Shane Rattenbury, Member of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly, 2008–present and Speaker
 * Andrew Refshauge, deputy Premier of New South Wales 1995–2005
 * Richard Refshauge, ACT Supreme Court Justice
 * Jon Richardson, Former Australian High Commissioner to Ghana (2004–08) and Nigeria (2013–15)
 * Peter Webb, New South Wales State member for Monaro 1999–2003
 * Gough Whitlam (Dux three years running), Prime Minister of Australia, 1972–1975
 * Andrew Constance, New South Wales State member for Bega 2003-2021

 * Sport
 * Edward Bissaker, Junior World Champion cyclist
 * Bob Brown, former Wallabies rugby union player
 * Josh Bruce, St Kilda, Australian rules football player
 * Andy Friend, ACT Brumbies former Head Coach
 * David Gallop, former Chairman of the National Rugby League (NRL)
 * Charlie Hancock, Western Force rugby union player
 * Rod Kafer, Wallabies rugby union player
 * Peter Kimlin, Wallabies rugby union player
 * Michael Milton, world and Australian record holder, Winter Paralympic gold medalist
 * Nick McDonald-Crowley, Olympic rower
 * Cody Meakin, Australian wheelchair rugby paralympian
 * Fergus Pragnell, Australian representative rower
 * Guy Shepherdson, Wallabies rugby union player
 * Ben Treffers, Junior World Champion swimmer
 * Richard Freedman, Horse trainer and media personality

 * Other
 * David Eastman, former Dux found not guilty of murder on 22 November 2018, after a retrial on a quashed murder conviction
 * Dr James Muecke AM, Australian of the Year 2020 Class of 1981

Scandals
During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, the Australian government announced a $130 billion subsidy to help employers to be able to keep paying their employees and to support the survival of businesses and jobs impacted by the pandemic. Canberra Grammar School took $7,108,500 in JobKeeper funds. Dr Garrick, head of the school, responded by saying "that as a private school, Canberra Grammar has an obligation to their community to maintain an operating surplus to ensure their economic viability into the future."

title: Canberra Grammar School


text:
Talk:6bone

Untitled
isn't the 6bone the experimental network that uses the prefix 3FFE::/16 whilst the production ipv6 internet uses 2001::/16? Plugwash 12:05, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

phaseout and teredo
does anyone know how the 6bone phaseout will effect teredo? Plugwash 23:43, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hi 185.181.109.215 (talk) 16:02, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:6bone


text:
Talk:Orders, decorations, and medals of Poland

Krzyż harcerski
Mayby I'm wrong, but IMHO Krzyż harcerski is not miliary award or decoration. Radomil 08:49, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * It's the only civil award that can be worn on the military uniform without acceptance of the supperiors. That's why it's here. Halibutt 11:00, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * So, as civil award, it should be separated form military ones (in this article, but seperated). What, about this version? Radomil 19:19, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't like the idea. If we decided to separate the non-exclusively-military awards, then half of these should be left out, Polonia Restituta and White Eagle included (these are civil awards, after all). Also, some of those listed here are not worn any more. Halibutt 23:47, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * But Polonia Restituta and White Eagle are state awards given to civilians or soliders. Krzyż harcerski is not state award. We can separate military awards that can be given today (like Virtuti Militari) from awards that are not (like Wielkopolski Krzyż Postańczy), there are also awards that are not mentioned in today's Polish law (like Order of Grunwald Cross). Note that in this list there are not mentined awards like "Za długoletnie pożycie małżeńskie" :)
 * So maby beter would be rename last position to "Non-state award" or rather sign, because every scout can were it. This cross is like eagle on on soliders hat, every solider has right (even obey) to wore it.
 * I supose that You will agree with me that on question "Which element one doesn't match?" anserw is "Krzyż harcerski". Radomil talk 05:20, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Nope, the ZHP equivalent of the eagle cap badge is the fleur de lys, Scouting Cross has to be awarded first. Also, if we divide the list onto awards in use currently and those not in use, then the VM should be out since it's not awarded any more. Not to mention the few commemorative medals we have here, which AAMoF are not awards ast all.. Halibutt 11:37, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * So You it should be also added awards of PSP (I'm not shure that also OSP) because Krzyż harcerski is not only civil award that can be worn on uniform without permission, army's firefighters can use also these medals. And title of article is military awards and decorations.
 * P.S. VM was not given since 1989, but it can be given, Kapituła is egsisting (it can be given by President during war or in period 5 years after end of war). Maby beter would by to divide this lit into "Awards that are still given" (like VM, Za długoletnią służbę,) including state "military-civil" awards like (Polonia Restituta or Order Orła Białego) and commemorative medals (WKP, ŚKP etc.) including awards that are not given today like O. Krzyża Grunwaldu. Radomil talk 14:31, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * And why not simply keep it a clean, simple and plain list of all decorations worn by Polish soldiers? Take a look on the USA list to see what I mean. Halibutt 16:14, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

OK, I won't argue, but for me (person that broke up familly 4 generations tradition and is not solider) Krzyż Harcerski in this list is "ni przypiął ni przyłatał" :) Radomil talk 16:56, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Krzyż harcerski is NOT AN AWARD AT ALL!!! It is just a membership emblem of the organization, presented to Polish scouts upon taking the scouting oath. Yet, it is true it can be worn (in reduced size) on the military uniform. More information can be found here LukGasz (talk) 23:16, 11 November 2012 (UTC)

Update
I have translated part of the Polish page. Still former civilian need to be added.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 01:23, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Krzyzyk ZHP.png
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 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
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Order of the Smile
Is the Order of the Smile a state/civil honour in Poland? Gareth E Kegg (talk) 14:15, 5 October 2015 (UTC)
 * If the article is any indicator, it does not seem to be a state/civil honour of Poland. EricSerge (talk) 01:49, 6 October 2015 (UTC)
 * That's my understanding. Gareth E Kegg (talk) 08:01, 6 October 2015 (UTC)


text:
Joel R. P. Pringle

Vice Admiral Joel Roberts Poinsett Pringle (February 4, 1873 – September 25, 1932) was a senior officer of the United States Navy, serving from 1894 to 1932.

Career
Pringle, born in Georgetown, South Carolina, was appointed to the United States Naval Academy in 1888, and commissioned ensign in 1894.

For his service during World War I, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for exceptionally meritorious service in a duty of great responsibility as commanding officer, Melville and Chief of Staff, Destroyer Flotillas, European Waters.

Pringle graduated from the Naval War College in 1920 and served as a staff member from 1923 to 1925. Subsequently, he served as the college's president from 1927 to 1930.

Attaining the rank of Vice Admiral in 1932, his commands included the destroyer USS Perkins (DD-26); USS Dixie (1893); Flotilla 2, Destroyer Force, Atlantic Fleet; USS Melville (AD-2); the battleship USS Idaho (BB-24); President of the Naval War College; Battleship Division 3, Battle Force; and Battleships, Battle Force.

Personal life
On January 25, 1899 he married Cordelia Phythian, daughter of Commodore Robert L. Phythian, USN.

He died at San Diego, California, 25 September 1932.

Awards

 * Distinguished Service Medal
 * Spanish Campaign Medal
 * Victory Medal
 * Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (United Kingdom)
 * Officer of the Legion of Honor (France)

Legacy

 * The Fletcher-class destroyer USS Pringle (DD-477) was named for him. The ship was launched by his widow on May 2, 1942 and commissioned on September 15, 1942.
 * Pringle Hall at the Naval War College is named in his honor.

title: Joel R. P. Pringle