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Formula Ford

Formula Ford, also known as F1600 and Formula F, is an entry-level class of single-seater, open-wheel formula racing. The various championships held across the world form an important step for many prospective Formula One drivers. Formula Ford has traditionally been regarded as the first major stepping stone into formula racing after karting. The series typically sees career-minded drivers enter alongside amateurs and enthusiasts. Success in Formula Ford can lead directly to other junior formula series such as a Formula Renault 2.0 and Formula Three, or F1 Academy for female drivers, and previously the W Series, prior to the series folding.

Formula Ford is not a one-make championship. It allows freedom of chassis design, engine build and numerous technical items of specification on the car. This opens the door to many chassis manufacturers, large and small. Many other single-seater formula series impose fixed specifications. Only two other professional single-seater racing formula series in the world offer the same freedom of chassis and engine build: Formula Three and Formula One.

History
The origins of Formula Ford began in the early 1960s, where motor racing schools such as the Jim Russell school and Motor Racing Stables featured single-seat Formula Junior and Formula Three-like machines from world-class constructors like Cooper and Lotus. Many aspiring Formula One stars looked to these schools in the hope of learning the craft and also looking the part. However, although there was no shortage of aspiring drivers, these schools had much trouble avoiding bankruptcy. The 1-litre Formula Three engines, the 1.1-litre Coventry Climax FJ and later the "Kent" engine from the Ford Anglia 105E, cost around £3,000 at the time in addition to the Dunlop racing tires which cost £80 a set. Furthermore, these engines were incredibly fragile and had a tendency to self-destruct. All these factors contributed to a steep maintenance and upkeep cost of the schools.

In 1963, Geoff Clarke; the owner of Motor Racing Stables, moved his racing school to the Brands Hatch circuit. This brought him in contact with John Webb; managing director of developments at Brands Hatch. At about this time, two of the school's Lotus Formula Junior chassis were fitted with a standard 1498cc Ford "Kent" pushrod engine as featured in the recently introduced Cortina GT saloon. The 1500 Cortina, with its reliability and horsepower output fairly close to “F3 proper” proved a resounding success in the school. The earliest experiments with radial tires bore fruit as well: the students of the day did not care that these were not the racing engines or racing tires, just that the cars were equal.

At an informal meeting at the December 1966 racing car show day at Olympia, Webb and Clarke were discussing the possibility of building a fleet of identical open wheel race cars based on the success of combining the Ford power plant and road wheels, radial tires, and Formula Junior style chassis. Not only would they make ideal school cars, but would also provide a new entry level formula for a race series. They felt if they called it “Formula Ford" they could get backing from Ford itself. Webb was on the phone the next day to Ford competition manager Henry Taylor, who agreed to provide Clarke and MRS with 54 Cortina GT engines at £50 each (£15 below retail). Webb also approached the Royal Automobile Club's competition director, to establish rules for this new class. Late in 1967, Ford announced the new Formula Ford class to the world.

Clarke then set about approaching existing race car constructors to build the first Formula Fords. Both Bruce McLaren and Jack Brabham turned down the idea; Colin Chapman however dusted off the obsolete Lotus 31 Chassis and reinvented it as the Lotus 51. He agreed to provide the first of two 25 car batches at £850 per car. The only stipulation Chapman had was that a Renault gearbox was used. This proved to be fundamental weak point in the drive train. Difficulty with the Renault transmission resulted in a failure to continue with the second batch of cars for MRS.

Russell approached Chapman to supply Formula Ford cars for his own school. Chapman insisted Russell match Clarke's 50 car order; Russell would only commit to 10 cars so the deal fell through. Russell then approached Taylor who built the Alexis car and a deal was struck to jointly produce the Russell-Alexis. This car had a Hewland racing gearbox which made the car more expensive (£999), but was more reliable and allowed interchangeable ratios.

The first standalone Formula Ford race took place at Brands Hatch on July 2, 1967. Of the 20 cars that competed, 10 were MRS Lotus 51s, including the eventual winner, Ray Allen. The Russell-Alexis car won its debut race in August 1967, and by 1968 54 Russell-Alexis had been sold. Based on this success Russell opened two more racing schools in Britain, another in Canada, and another in the United States.

Chapman and his Lotus 51 did recover, replacing the troublesome Renault gearbox with the Hewland unit, even claiming Russell as a customer in 1968. Also in 1968, Meryln debuted as a Formula Ford constructor, dominating sales for that year. Other new manufactures included Crosslé Car Company, Dulon, Elden Racing Cars, Hawke Racing Cars and Royale Racing Cars, together with existing constructors such as Brabham choosing to build a Formula Ford chassis.

As the production Ford Cortina engine evolved to a new 1600cc crossflow unit, so did the Formula Ford regulations. Increasing costs forced them to relax the £1,000 price ceiling on Formula Ford as Blueprinting of the engine was now allowed.

Belgium hosted the first race outside England, in 1967. Formula Ford racing quickly spread across Europe and North America, with the first official Formula Ford race in the United States on March 23, 1969, and was included in the SCCA Runoffs that same year. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, Formula Ford had established itself as a direct path to a seat on a Formula One car, the highest level in open wheel motorsport. Australian Tim Schenken won over two dozen Formula Ford races in 1968, two years later he was driving a Formula One car for Frank Williams. Emerson Fittipaldi impressed during the 1970 Formula One Grand Prix season after a short stint in Formula Ford. In 1970, he became the first Formula Ford graduate to win a Formula One Grand Prix. In 1972, he became the first Formula Ford graduate to win the Formula One world championship.

In the United States, starting with a 1983 debut race and victory at the 1983 SCCA Runoffs the Swift DB-1 became the dominant chassis in North America Formula Ford racing with ten championships between 1983 and 1996. The DB-6 evolution of the chassis won an additional six championships through 2008. During this time Formula Ford was on the decline in the US for several reasons. The rising cost of competition, SCCA's introduction of a spec sports racer, Sports Renault, and the dominance of the Swift chassis helped to collapse the class in the US.

Currently, Formula Ford racing exists in two main forms in Europe: National Series for aspiring 'career' drivers run around the world which have used the 1600 Duratec engine, (which replaced the heavier but not significantly more powerful Zetec engine in 2006), and for 2012 are beginning to adopt the new EcoBoost 1600 turbo engine; and a mainly amateur, club-racing series attracting serious enthusiasts using the now rejuvenated 1600 Kent engine with which the formula ran from the mid-1960s to mid-1990s, as Ford restarted production of the Kent engine in 2009 for motorsport reasons. Whatever the engine of the Formula Ford car, it has long provided a relatively inexpensive way for drivers to race purpose-built racecars. There are many Formula Ford 1600 series for drivers of the older Kent-powered cars.

Formula Ford cars
A Formula Ford car is one of the more distinctive-looking open-wheel race cars because it does not have wings to create aerodynamic downforce. In order to reduce cost and allow smaller manufacturers to produce their own design of chassis without prohibitive tooling costs, chassis are steel space frame, unlike the monocoques found in other types of single-seater racing.

The more popular marques were Van Diemen, Mygale and the Australian-built Spectrum, but smaller manufacturers such as Ray Race Cars and Vector have had some success. Historical designers who have made a mark on the series have included: Titan, Lotus, Merlyn, Hawke, Citation, Swift, Euroswift, Elden, Reynard, Crosslé, Lola, Zink, Bowin, Royale, and Cooper Racing.

Top speeds in the National Class are easily as high as in the other junior formulae of BMW and Renault, but cornering speeds tend to be lower as Formula Ford cars lack the downforce-producing aerodynamic aids on the other cars; handling is therefore entirely down to mechanical grip, and the lack of wings ensures that cars following another are not aerodynamically disadvantaged, allowing some of the closest racing with plenty of overtaking. Series' rules may permit slick or treaded tires, generally supplied either by Dunlop or Avon. As the rules limit engine modifications, all cars are relatively equal and racing results tend to be close. Formula Fords allow suspension, damping, gearing and braking bias changes, but not aerodynamic options such as winged cars.

In 2012, new specifications and regulations were introduced, allowing the use of the new Ford EcoBoost engine along with improvements in chassis design. Unlike its predecessors, that used naturally aspirated engines and manual gearboxes, the EcoBoost car utilises power from a turbocharged engine and a sequential gearbox. The new car has 121 kW, with identical engine calibration for every competitor's car. The chassis remains a steel spaceframe construction, with free chassis design open to all manufacturers. New to the car is its compliance with Formula Three safety standards, which involves mandatory crash structures, side-impact panels running the full height and length of the cockpit, an FIA-specified headrest and an extricable safety seat. In addition to the safety enhancements, some mandatory elements of bodywork shape have also been introduced. These will define the shape, size and orientation of the sidepod air intakes and the roll-hoop cover. By mandating these the frontal areas will be equalised between different manufacturers, removing the potential for significant aerodynamic advantage, making driving ability and the skills of engineers and designers in car set-up the major factors.

In the United States Formula Ford continues to use the earlier Ford Kent engines. For 2010 the Honda L15A7 engine used in the Honda Fit was introduced as an alternative engine. The Honda engine was developed in partnership with Quicksilver RacEngines with the intent of providing power similar to the existing Kent motor. Honda developed an install kit around the Swift DB-1 chassis. With the introduction of the Honda motor SCCA changed the class name from Formula Ford to Formula F.

Related Formulae
Formula Ford has given birth to several other categories of racing: Formula Ford 2000 evolved in the 1970s to use a Pinto engine and, although it used basically Formula Ford chassis, permitted use of slicks and wings; it was seen as a natural step up from the 1600cc formula and a stepping stone to categories such as Formula Three. Formula Ford 2000 engines and transmissions were married to sports-racing chassis to produce Sports 2000.

Older Formula Fords, with outboard shock absorbers, race in the United States as Club Formula Fords in SCCA and other club racing series.

Formula F100 was an unsuccessful attempt in the late 1960s to create a sportscar category related to Formula Ford but using a 1300 cc Ford engine; the cars were heavy and slow. The proposed Formula Turbo Ford, an attempt to update FF2000, of the mid-1980s was limited to one Reynard that ran a few demonstration laps.

Formula Ford remains popular in its 1600 cc form—the cars are widely raced, sprinted and hillclimbed. Formula Continental is also a popular choice in the US and Canada. The class provides a venue for Formula Ford 2000 as well as the earlier Formula C (1100 cc pure racing engine) and Formula Super Vee (production-based VW engines) cars. Formula Continental cars employ aerodynamic effects (front and rear wings).

In the United States, used Formula Ford racing chassis are also proving to be a popular source of conversion into Formula 1000 cars and their closely related sports car bodied cousins D Sport Racing.

Administration
Ford Motorsport administers some of the national Formula Ford championships around the world, and continue to control the technical regulations for all cars globally. The older Kent-engined cars are very popular with club racers, providing the ground for several organizations to run their own series. Many racing schools offer driver training in Formula Ford cars. However, in many countries, Formula BMW and Formula Renault Campus had superseded Formula Ford as the main entry level class in the mid-2000s; the demise of Formula BMW in Europe after only a few years of operation caused somewhat of a resurgence in support for the Ford grids. In the UK there are many club-level regional series aimed at the amateur enthusiast, as well as championships for older Fords. Since 2009, Ford officials in the United States has begun active production of Kent engines in the wake of the United States rules allowing Honda engines. Ford officials have noted the US-made Kent blocks are based on modern stamping, and shows how well-established the formula has become.

Championships and events around the world
Championships for Formula Fords are run in many countries around the world. The major series is the British Formula Ford Championship, however there are many other thriving series. Each run to essentially the same rules and regulations, with minor variations for local conditions.

British Formula Ford Championship
The British series is the main Formula Ford championship in the world. Created in 1976, the championship has run to all four generations of regulations and specifications. In 2013, the series adopted the Formula Ford EcoBoost 200 specification, which include an increase in the EcoBoost engine's power, along with the addition of a fully adjustable aerodynamic package which includes front and rear wings previously never used in the British championship. Another change for the 2013 season was Duratec class cars being ineligible for the championship, leaving only the EcoBoost class. The series also moved back to supporting the BTCC. In the 2015 the championship was renamed MSA Formula. In 2016, it was rebranded as F4 British Championship.

Several former drivers of the British championship have become successful in Formula One, including Eddie Irvine and Anthony Davidson, while Formula Ford champions Ayrton Senna and Jenson Button also went on to win the Formula One Drivers' Championship.

Formula Ford Festival
For many years the highlight of the Formula Ford season was the Formula Ford Festival at Brands Hatch, England. Entries of several hundred cars from all over the Formula Ford world were common into the 1990s, with racers competing in knockout heats to decide the grid for a grand final. Entries later declined, and later festivals struggled to attract more than 40-50 cars, enough for two heats and a final. More "historic" FF1600 cars had been turning up for the supporting races than contemporary Zetecs, however in 2006 the Festival saw the Duratec engine for the first time thereby having a final for all three marques at one meeting for the first time. The Walter Hayes Trophy now recognises the continuing interest in 1600cc 'Kent' Formula Ford and attracted over 150 entries in 2006, including several drivers who more commonly compete in much more senior formulae.

Formula Ford EuroCup
The Formula Ford EuroCup, known originally as the "European Formula Ford Championship", is the current incarnation of a pan-European championship for Formula Ford competitors, last held previously in 2001. The 2011 series was aimed at giving drivers experience at European race circuits. Three national Formula Ford championships are involved in the revived championship, these being the British, Benelux and Scandinavian championships. While individual events nominate a winner, there is no overarching point score to declare a series champion.

Australian Formula Ford Series
The Australian Formula Ford Series is an Australian motor racing competition for Formula Ford racing cars. It has been held annually since 1970, originally as a national series and from 1993 to 2013 as the Australian Formula Ford Championship. The control engine was changed from the first-generation Kent engine to the third-generation Mazda-sourced Ford Duratec engine in 2006. In 2014 the championship was downgraded to a national series with Duratec-engined cars and Kent-engined cars both eligible to compete alongside each other. Currently, the winner wins a ticket to a scouting combine for INDYCAR at the end of the calendar year.

U.S. F2000 National Championship
The U.S. F2000 National Championship powered by Mazda is an American racing series using the American variation of the Formula Ford formula, Formula Ford 2000, that resumed operation for the 2010 season. It is sanctioned by IndyCar, and is a part of The Mazda Road to Indy.

F1600 Championship Series
The F1600 Championship Series was created by the SCCA in 2011. The series is organized by Formula Race Promotions, the same organization which organizes the F2000 Championship Series. The class operates under the same rules as the SCCA Formula F. Therefore, many drivers from the local club racing scene make their appearance in the national series.

Southern Formula 1600 Championship
The Southern Formula 1600 Championship was created by Right Turn Promotions and Primus Racing Parts for 2018. The series races on SCCA event weekends, alongside the Southern Formula 2000 Championship. The class operates under the same rules as the SCCA Formula F. Racing at traditional road race tracks in the southern United States, the series attracts drivers from across all forms of club and pro racing.

SCCA Runoffs
The SCCA National Championship Runoffs is the end-of-year championship race meeting for Sports Car Club of America Club Racing competitors. Divisional champions and other top drivers from the SCCA's 116 regions are invited to participate at the Runoffs. National championships are awarded to the winners of each class. Formula Ford (now Formula F) was first included in the Runoffs in 1969.

title: Formula Ford


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Portal:Association football/Picture/Old picture

This page contains pictures that were featured on the football (soccer) wikiportal. Beginning on 1 September 2005, the section was superseded by a 2006 FIFA World Cup section containing the latest news. Sometime after the World Cup, the section will be replaced.

 * - 14 June 2005
 * 14 June - 22 June 2005

Old Trafford photo removed as it is copyrighted.
 * 22 June - 1 July 2005
 * 1 July - 7 July 2005

 * 7 July - 14 July 2005
 * 14 July - 28 July 2005

World cup logo removed as it is copyrighted.
 * 28 July - 18 August 2005

Image of Ronaldinho removed because it was unsourced.
 * 18 August 2005 - 24 August 2005

 * 24 August 2005 - 1 September 2005

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Talk:Tin(II) chloride

House MD
According to episode 2.15 of House M.D., "When I was a kid, my dad was stationed at a marine base in Egypt. We were in the middle of nowhere and there was absolutely nothing for a kid to do except look for a mummy's tomb.... I never actually did find a mummy, but I did learn a fair amount about the ancient Egyptians. For example, they discovered that stannous chloride is not only great for toughening ruby glass, but if it's mixed with gold, it turns bright purple." Any of this accurate? 139.84.48.249 15:38, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I think there's certainly some truth in it; from memory I think it may be used to make "Purple of Cassius" (see ). We should probably look up some more authoritative sources on this and add it in.  It may be relevant to Gold(III) chloride as well. Walkerma 17:07, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I deleted the following text from the Uses section: "This very reaction between stannous chloride and gold was used in episode #215:Clueless of House to affirm gold poisoning.". The reference to that episode of House in the Popular Culture section is more than enough: it doesn't belong in Uses too. -- EmmetCaulfield (talk) 15:57, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, Stannous Chloride is in fact used as an indicator for gold and PGMs in aqueous solutions. Many hobbyists are using it. I added its use in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Salut151 (talk • contribs) 17:44, 4 July 2011 (UTC)

held nom
this article is being held on importance for the inclusion in the 0.7 test release. that hold nominations discussion link about leads to the wrong page; until it is fixed, here is the link instead. JoeSmack Talk 19:29, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Should be fixed. Tito xd (?!? - cool stuff) 23:01, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 08:51, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tin(II) chloride


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Schwanda the Bagpiper

Schwanda the Bagpiper (Švanda dudák), written in 1926, is an opera in two acts and five scenes, with music by Jaromír Weinberger to a Czech libretto by Miloš Kareš, based on the drama Strakonický dudák aneb Hody divých žen (The Bagpiper of Strakonice) by Josef Kajetán Tyl.

Performance history
Its first performance was in Prague at the Czech National Opera on 27 April 1927; and the first German production followed (in the translation by Max Brod as Schwanda der Dudelsackpfeifer), at Breslau on 16 December 1928. After that success, German-language productions proliferated around the world, with over 2000 performances taking place during the next decade. Aside from those in Germany and Austria, these included:
 * Ljubljana, 5 October 1929 (in Slovenian translation)
 * Riga, 6 December 1930 (in Latvian translation)
 * Sofia, 6 November 1931 (in Bulgarian translation)
 * Metropolitan Opera, New York City, 7 November 1931 (the American premiere, conducted by Artur Bodanzky, with Friedrich Schorr in the title role)
 * Covent Garden, London, 11 May 1934

At the time the opera, with its occasional use of Czech folk material, enjoyed considerable success, with translations into 17 languages. The opera fell from the repertory when the composer's music was banned by the Nazi regimes of Austria and Germany during the late 1930s; and although it is still revived occasionally, orchestral performances of the "Polka and Fugue" drawn from the opera are more regularly heard in concert and on record.

Synopsis
It has been a week since Švanda and Dorotka married. The robber Babinský takes refuge in their farmhouse, and immediately falls for Dorotka. Babinský quickly convinces Švanda of the tedium of married life, and persuades him to go off on an adventure. They arrive at the Queen's court, where she is under the power of a wicked Magician. The Queen had made a deal with the Magician where she consented to the death of the Prince, her betrothed, in exchange for a heart of ice (and thus no human feeling) and a diamond scepter, symbolic of her power. Švanda plays his bagpipes, which breaks the spell. The Queen then offers herself to Švanda in marriage. Švanda accepts, kissing her, but then Dorotka appears, which angers the Queen. The Queen, her heart now again of ice, has Švanda and Dorotka imprisoned and Švanda condemned to death.

Babinský helps save Švanda by replacing the executioner's axe with a broom. Švanda plays his bagpipes again, enchanting the crowd gathered for the execution, and escapes with Dorotka. Dorotka herself is now angry at Švanda and questions his fidelity. Švanda retorts that if he ever kissed the Queen, may he go to Hell. Forgetting that he did kiss the Queen, Švanda immediately drops through the earth into Hell. Babinský then tells Dorotka that he loves her, but she makes him promise to rescue Švanda.

In Hell, the Devil asks Švanda to play for him, since he has nothing to do, because no one will play cards with the Devil because he always cheats. Švanda at first refuses, but then Babinský appears and challenges the Devil to a card game. By cheating even more than the Devil, Babinský wins the game and rescues Švanda. (It is at this point that Švanda plays the music that forms the famous Fugue.) At the end, Švanda and Dorotka are reconciled, and Babinský sorrowfully leaves, in search of new adventures.

Recordings
Complete opera
 * Schwanda, der Dudelsackpfeifer (sung in German); Karl Schmitt-Walter, Betina Bruckner, Karl Friedrich, Christa Ludwig, Josef Lindlar, Eugen Willmann, Oskar Witasscheck, Wolf Heide, Willy Hofmann, Hans Kasperzyk, Herbert Hess, August Heimpel ; Choir and Symphony Orchestra of the Hessian Radio ; Winfried Zillig, conductor ; recorded at Frankfurt, 1948 ; Walhall Eternity Series, 2 CDs ADD WLCD 0377, remastered edition 2013
 * Schwanda, der Dudelsackpfeifer (sung in German); Hermann Prey, Lucia Popp, Siegfried Jerusalem, Gwendolyn Killebrew, Alexander Malta, Siegmund Nimsgern, Karl Kreile, Albert Gassner, Heinrich Weber, Georg Baumgartner, Anton Rosner, Peter Lika; Bavarian Radio Chorus; Munich Radio Orchestra; Heinz Wallberg, conductor (1981); CBS M2K79344
 * Švanda dudák (sung in Czech); Matjaz Robavs, Tatiana Monogarova, Ivan Choupenitch, Larisa Kostyuk, Alexander Teliga, Nicholas Sharratt, Pavel Kozel, Alexander Teliga, Sean Ruane, Pavel Kozel, Vicenç Esteve, Richard Weigold; Wexford Festival Opera Chorus; National Philharmonic Orchestra of Belarus; Julian Reynolds, conductor (2003); Naxos 8.660146-7

Polka and Fugue
 * Polka and Fugue, Chicago Symphony Orchestra; Fritz Reiner, conductor; RCA Living Stereo 82876-663762 (SACD)
 * Polka and Fugue, Pro Arte Orchestra; Sir Charles Mackerras, conductor; EMI Encore 5099923572027
 * Polka and Fugue, Dallas Wind Symphony; Frederick Fennell, conductor; Reference Recordings B00000159M
 * Polka, Philharmonia Orchestra; Herbert von Karajan, conductor; EMI The Karajan Collection 0724347690020

title: Schwanda the Bagpiper


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Template talk:Openswtasksright

Is this still being used?
 * No -Xol 19:36, 20 February 2006 (UTC) Now that it's being updated, yes. -Xol 02:16, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Openswtasksright


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User:GregLoutsenko

hello!

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title: User:GregLoutsenko


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Tyler Conklin

Tyler Conklin (born July 30, 1995) is an American football tight end for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Northwood and Central Michigan and was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the fifth round of the 2018 NFL draft.

Early years
Conklin attended L'Anse Creuse High School - North in Macomb Township, Michigan, where he was a standout two-sport athlete, playing as a wide receiver in football and combo guard in basketball. As a junior, Conklin led his basketball team to the Class A Final Four, scoring 22 points in a 59–46 semifinal loss to eventual state champion Saginaw High.

College career
After graduating from high school, Conklin was awarded a full-ride basketball scholarship to Northwood University. He stayed for one semester and played in seven games, averaging 2.6 rebounds, 1.9 points and 1.4 assists per game. However, midway through his freshman year, he transferred to Central Michigan University, where he walked on to the football team. Coming in weighing less than ideal for the tight end position, Conklin sat out his first season with the Chippewas in order to gain weight. After gaining 25 pounds during the offseason, he earned a backup role in 2015, catching six passes for 95 yards. During the first one-on-one drill of training camp in August 2017, Conklin broke a bone in his left foot. He was cleared to return to the field on October 7 for the game against Ohio in which he set career-highs with 10 catches for 136 yards and two scores in a 26–23 victory.

Soon after graduating with a major in communications, Conklin received an invitation to the 2018 Senior Bowl in Mobile, Alabama, where he caught two passes including a 16-yard over-the-shoulder touchdown pass from Wyoming quarterback Josh Allen, whom the Buffalo Bills drafted at No. 7 overall.

Professional career
Conklin performed well at the 2018 NFL Combine and ranked second among all tight ends in the vertical, fourth in the broad jump, fifth in the three-cone drill, and ninth in the 40-yard dash.

Minnesota Vikings
Conklin was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the fifth round (157th overall) of the 2018 NFL draft. On May 5, 2018, Conklin signed a four-year contract worth $2.741 million, including a signing bonus of $281,032. In the Vikings' season opener against the San Francisco 49ers, he had one reception for six yards in his NFL debut.

In Week 15 of the 2020 season against the Chicago Bears, Conklin recorded 3 catches for 57 yards and his first career receiving touchdown during the 33–27 loss.

New York Jets
On March 18, 2022, Conklin signed a three-year, $21 million contract with the New York Jets.

title: Tyler Conklin


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Bomberman Max 2

Bomberman Max 2: Blue Advance and Bomberman Max 2: Red Advance are video games released for the Game Boy Advance on 4 June 2002 in North America. The game was preceded by Bomberman Max which was released for the Game Boy Color in May 2000. As with Bomberman Max, there are two versions of Bomberman Max 2: Blue Advance and Red Advance. As in the first, in Blue Advance the playable character is Bomberman and in Red Advance the playable character is Max.

Story
Bomberman and Max have been shrunk by the evil Mujoe's Mini-Mini Device. They must take revenge on him and his Hige Hige Bandits, and hopefully return to their normal size.

Gameplay
The gameplay is similar to most Bomberman games, where Bomberman and Max lay down bombs to destroy enemies, blocks, etc. Unlike past Bomberman games, however, there is a lack of the classic multiplayer, instead featuring a more Pokémon-like game. In this game, there are many monsters that Bomberman and Max can acquire and use to their advantage.

Both games are more or less the same, although they both have some extra levels and different Charaboms.

title: Bomberman Max 2


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Delegation (law)

In contract law and administrative law, delegation (Latin intercessio) is the act of giving another person the responsibility of carrying out the performance agreed to in a contract. Three parties are concerned with this act - the party who had incurred the obligation to perform under the contract is called the delegator; the party who assumes the responsibility of performing this duty is called the delegatee; and the party to whom this performance is owed is called the obligee.

Delegable contracts
A delegation will be null and void if it poses any threat to the commercially reasonable expectations of the obligee. For example, a task requiring specialized skills or based on the unique characteristics of the promisee can not be delegated. If a specific celebrity was hired to make a speech, they could not delegate the task to another person, even if the other person would give the same speech, word for word. However, a delegation of performance that does not pose such a threat will be held to be valid. In such a case, the obligee will be under an affirmative duty to cooperate with the delegatee to the extent necessary for the fulfillment of the delegator's obligations

Breach of a delegated contract
If the delegatee fails to perform satisfactorily, the obligee may elect to treat this failure as a breach of the original contract by the delegator or may assert himself as a third party beneficiary of the contract between the delegator and the delegatee, and can claim all remedies due to a third party beneficiary.

If the delegation is without consideration, the delegator remains liable for nonperformance, while the delegatee will not be liable to anyone for anything. Unlike an assignment, a delegation is virtually always for consideration, and never donative - few people are going to accept the charitable offer to perform a task contracted to someone else.

Compare: assignment
A parallel concept to delegation is assignment, which occurs when one party transfers his present rights to receive the benefits accruing to the assignor under that contract. A delegation and an assignment can be accomplished at the same time, although the right to sue for nonpayment always stays with delegator. Under the common law, a contract clause prohibiting assignment also prohibits delegation. Another common law rule requires that a party to a contract can not delegate performance that involves special skills or reputation (although it is possible to have a novation under such circumstances).

Administrative law
In Administrative Law (the law that controls government action and decisions) a delegation is the process of handing some administrative action or decision to a subordinate. It is achieved through two mechanisms:

 * 1) Where a statute or Delegated legislation appoints an "authorized person" to manage the power for a minister or CEO. Here the delegate acts in their own name, and the delegation is a position that does not cease with the appointment of a new delegate.
 * 2) In some circumstances a person in whom some power is vested can authorize another person to exercise that power on their behalf. Here the underling is appointed to act as if they were the authorized person, usually for the Administrative necessity  of managing huge work loads in a government department. Here the delegate acts in person of the authorized person rather than in their own name, and the delegator can still exercise the powers as necessary even though much of the day-to-day operations are enacted by subordinates.

Concerns often arise when law-making powers are delegated to agencies in administrative law because of agency heads are not elected by the people. However, there are many times when delegating law-making authority to an agency is appropriate, especially when the legislature lacks the capacity or expertise to handle a randomly evolving issue that affects multiple jurisdictions

title: Delegation (law)


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Wikipedia:WikiProject Hawaii/Almanac

The WikiProject Hawai‘i Almanac is a compilation of several lists and tables relative to articles about Hawai‘i.

Courts

 * United States District Court for the District of Hawai‘i
 * Hawai‘i State Supreme Court
 * Hawai‘i State Intermediate Appeals Court
 * Hawai‘i State Circuit Courts
 * Hawai‘i State District Courts
 * Hawai‘i State Family Courts
 * Hawai‘i State Tax Appeal Court
 * Hawai‘i State Land Court

Territory of Hawaii

 * Sanford Ballard Dole, Republican, 1900–1903
 * George R. Carter, Republican, 1903–1907
 * Walter F. Frear, Republican, 1907–1913
 * Lucius E. Pinkham, Democrat, 1913–1918
 * Charles J. McCarthy, Democrat, 1918–1921
 * Wallace R. Farrington, Republican, 1921–1929
 * Lawrence M. Judd, Republican, 1929–1934
 * Joseph B. Poindexter, Democrat, 1934–1942
 * Ingram M. Stainback, Democrat, 1942–1951
 * Oren E. Long, Democrat, 1951–1953
 * Samuel Wilder King, Republican, 1953–1957
 * William F. Quinn, Republican, 1957–1959

State of Hawaii

 * William F. Quinn, Republican, 1959–1962
 * John A. Burns, Democrat, 1962–1974
 * George R. Ariyoshi, Democrat, 1974–1986
 * John D. Waihee III, Democrat, 1986–1994
 * Benjamin J. Cayetano, Democrat, 1994–2002
 * Linda Lingle, Republican, 2002-Present

Legislature

 * Hawai‘i State Capitol
 * Hawai‘i State House of Representatives
 * Hawai‘i State Legislature
 * Hawai‘i State Senate

Lieutenant Governors

 * James Kealoha, Republican, 1959-1962
 * William S. Richardson, Democrat, 1962-1966
 * Thomas Gill, Democrat, 1966-1970
 * George Ariyoshi, Democrat, 1970-1973
 * Nelson Doi, Democrat, 1974-1978
 * Jean King, Democrat, 1978-1982
 * John D. Waihee III, Democrat, 1982-1986
 * Benjamin J. Cayetano, Democrat, 1986-1994
 * Mazie Hirono, Democrat, 1994-2002
 * James Aiona, Republican, 2002-Present

Mayors of Honolulu

 * Joseph James Fern, 1909-1915, 1917-1920
 * John Carey Lane, 1915-1917
 * John Henry Wilson, 1920-1927, 1929-1931, 1947-1955
 * Charles N. Arnold, 1927-1929
 * George Fred Wright, 1931-1938
 * Charles Spencer Crane, 1938-1941
 * Lester Petrie, 1941-1947
 * Neal Shaw Blaisdell, 1955-1969
 * Frank Francis Fasi, 1969-1981, 1985-1994
 * Eileen Anderson, 1981-1985
 * Jeremy Harris, 1994-2004
 * Muliufi Francis Hannemann, 2004-Present

Monarchs of Hawaii

 * Kamehameha
 * Kamehameha II
 * Kamehameha III
 * Kamehameha IV
 * Kamehameha V
 * Lunalilo
 * Kalakaua
 * Liliuokalani

United States Chiefs of Mission to Hawaii
Official representatives of the United States Department of State to the Kingdom of Hawaii

Resident Ministers

 * David L. Gregg, 1853-1858
 * James W. Borden, 1858-1861
 * Thomas J. Dryer, 1861-1863
 * James McBride, 1863-1866
 * Edward M. McCook, 1866-1868
 * Henry A. Peirce, 1869-1877
 * James M. Comly, 1877-1882
 * Rollin M. Daggett, 1882-1885
 * George W. Merrill, 1885-1889

Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary

 * John L. Stevens, 1889-1893
 * James H. Blount, 1893-1893
 * Albert Sydney Willis, 1893-1897
 * Harold M. Sewall, 1897-1898

Apostolic Vicars of the Hawaiian Islands

 * Etienne Jerome Rouchouze, SS.CC., 1833-1843
 * Louis Maigret, SS.CC., 1847-1881
 * Herman Koeckemann, SS.CC., 1881-1892
 * Gulstan Ropert, SS.CC., 1892-1903
 * Libert H. Boeynaems, SS.CC., 1903-1926
 * Stephen Alencastre, SS.CC., 1926-1940

Bishops of Honolulu

 * James Joseph Sweeney, 1941-1967
 * John Joseph Scanlan, 1968-1981
 * Joseph Anthony Ferrario, 1982-1993
 * Francis Xavier DiLorenzo, 1994-2004
 * Clarence Richard Silva, 2005-Present

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Hawaii/Almanac


text:
Chinese People's Party

The Chinese People's Party  is a small political party in the Republic of China that won three seats in the National Assembly election of 2005. It combines the Pan-Blue Coalition and Pan-Green Coalition platforms, upholding the Three Principles of the People while simultaneously aiming for Chinese unification. It operates on the principle "滅共復國" (Exterminate the Communists, Re-seize the Mainland) and its main electoral platform is to launch a large-scale military assault on Mainland China to reclaim it for the Republic of China.

The Chinese People's Party's President is Jeremy Lee, elected on 19 March 2013. He is concurrently the head of the New Revolutionary Alliance (新同盟會), which traces its party lineage to the anti-Japanese Tongmenghui found by Sun Yat-sen in 1905. Jeremy Lee caused international controversy recently by unfurling a flag of the Republic of China in Guangzhou, Guangdong; and loudly proclaiming the rule of the Chinese Communist Party illegitimate. The photo has gone viral online, with netizens strongly supporting Jeremy Lee's firm stance for the reunification of China under the Republic of China banner.

The Chinese People's Party has announced that they will hold a 2013 Penang Conference to discuss the next step forward in their goal to overthrow Communist Rule. The meeting will take place at the historical site of the 1910 Penang conference where Sun Yat-sen kickstarted the first steps towards overthrowing the Qing Dynasty.

title: Chinese People's Party


text:
Jade Dernbach

Jade Winston Dernbach (born 3 March 1986) is a former professional South African born English Italian cricketer. He represented Surrey (2003–2021), England (2011–2014) and Italy (2021).

He made his first-class debut in 2003 and won the NBC Denis Compton Award in 2004 and 2009. In 2021, Dernbach qualified to represent the Italy national cricket team.

Born in South Africa and initially schooled at St John's College, Johannesburg, he moved to England at the age of 14 and gained British citizenship, making him eligible for the England cricket team. After impressing for the England Lions in the West Indies in the early part of 2011, he was called up to the senior team as a replacement for Ajmal Shahzad for the knock out stages of the 2011 Cricket World Cup and made his Twenty20 and ODI debuts later that year against Sri Lanka. Dernbach made his international debut for Italy in October 2021.

Derek Pringle described him in The Daily Telegraph as a fast bowler who is capable of obtaining conventional and reverse swing, as well as of deceiving the batsman by bowling a variety of slower balls.

Personal life
Dernbach was born in Johannesburg, South Africa to a South African father and an Italian mother and has used an Italian passport. He moved with his family to England in 2000 when he was 14. In South Africa, his preferred sport was rugby union, but he began to develop as a cricketer in England. After bowling at an under-15s net session at Surrey, he quickly moved through the age groups.

Although born in South Africa, after his first call-up to the England squad, he stated that "I don't owe anything to South Africa. I was just born there, did a bit of schooling there, my whole cricket career has been based in the UK, and UK is my home. I want to give everything I can to England cricket, that's the country I love and that's the country that has given me everything I have now."

County cricket
His consistency and regular wicket-taking for Surrey was rewarded with a place on the 2011 England Lions tour to the West Indies, before a late call-up to England's 2011 World Cup squad made him the first Surrey youth academy graduate to secure recognition at this level. He continued to perform well for Surrey whenever available. His 2011 season was capped with a Man of the Match performance in the CB40 Final, where his 4/30 helped lift Surrey to victory.

Dernbach was effective in Surrey's successful T20 campaign in 2013, and was the side's leading wicket taker with 18 wickets (at an average of 16.44) as Surrey reached the Finals Day at Edgbaston for the first time since 2006.

In July 2021, Dernbach joined Derbyshire on loan from Surrey to play in the last four group games of the 2021 T20 Blast.

It was announced in July 2021 that Dernbach was to leave Surrey at the end of the season due to a lack of playing time.

International cricket
In 2010, Dernbach was selected for the England Performance Programme tour of Australia and subsequent England Lions tour of the West Indies where they participated in the domestic Regional Four Day Competition. In the latter, he took 19 wickets at an average of 15.63, making him the leading English bowler.

He was called up to the senior team as a replacement for Ajmal Shahzad for the knock out stages of the 2011 Cricket World Cup but was not picked to play.

At the beginning of the English season, he was then picked for the Lions to face the touring Sri Lankans. He took 9 wickets in the match, although the Lions ultimately lost the match. However his performance saw him included in the senior squad for the second Test after an injury to James Anderson. He had to wait until the limited overs games to make his debut; taking 1–18 in his first Twenty20 International and 2–25 in his first ODI.

Dernbach was a member of the England ODI squad for their match against Ireland in August 2011.

He has gone on to make 24 appearances for the ODI and 34 for the England t20 side.

In the 2012 ICC World T20, he and Steven Finn equalled the tournament record for the highest 10th wicket partnership.

At the time of his final international appearance to date, Dernbach had the worst career economy rate in both ODIs (bowlers bowling more than 1000 balls) and T20Is (bowlers bowling more than 500 balls). As of September 2018, his record is third-worst and fifth-worst respectively.

He announced his retirement from international cricket in July 2019, five years after his last T20I appearance.

In September 2021, he was named in Italy's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier. He made his T20I debut for Italy on 15 October 2021, against Denmark.

title: Jade Dernbach


text:
Civil Party (Taiwan)

The Civil Party is a minor political party in Taiwan founded on 7 March 1993. It has no representation in the Legislative Yuan, but won one seat in the National Assembly election of 2005. In the 2008 legislative election it had the following policies in its manifesto: establishing a Zhonghua minzu Grand Republic of Taiwan (中華民族台灣大公國), being a federation of seven or ten small constituent republics; developing nuclear weapons; releasing all prisoners except those convicted of grave offences; legalization of euthanasia and prostitution.

title: Civil Party (Taiwan)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Video Game Comedies

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 07:38, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Video Game Comedies
Non-notable fanfic. 3 google hits --Xcali 21:45, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 03:11, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just doesn't register on the radar, I'm afraid. -- Captain Disdain 20:09, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Bismuthide

The bismuthide ion is Bi(3−).

Bismuthides are compounds of bismuth with more electropositive elements. They are intermetallic compounds, containing partially metallic and partially ionic bonds. The majority of bismuthides adopt efficient packing arrangements and become densely packed structures, which is a characteristic of intermetallic compounds.

title: Bismuthide


text: Category:Utility

title: Category:Utility


text:
Xai-Xai

Xai-Xai is a city in the south of Mozambique. Until 1975, the city was named João Belo. It is the capital of Gaza Province. As of 2007 it has a population of 116,343.

Portuguese rule
Xai-Xai, formerly João Belo, developed in the early 1900s, under Portuguese rule, as a companion port to Lourenço Marques (now Maputo), though its economic significance was never on par with Mozambique's largest city. Before independence from Portugal in 1975, Xai-Xai was known as João Belo, in the Overseas Province of Mozambique. João Belo grew and developed under Portuguese rule as a port, agricultural and industrial centre (rice and cashew were harvested and processed), a provider of services, including a district hospital and banking, and an administrative centre. Tourism was also important with beaches and hotels. In 1970, the city had 63,949 inhabitants.

Post-independence from Portugal
It was hit hard by the 2000 Limpopo floods, caused by four weeks of heavy rainfall accompanying Cyclone Leon-Eline, leaving some buildings 3 m under water. However, shortly after the waters receded the town was opened for business again.

Geography
At an elevation of 32 ft, Xai-Xai is located on the Limpopo River, close to the Indian Ocean, and in a wide, fertile plain where rice is grown. It is 200 km from the capital, Maputo, and is  3+1/4 mi from Donguene, 2+1/2 mi from Macandene, 1+3/4 mi from Chiluane and 1/2 mi from Tavene.

Climate
Xai-Xai has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw).

Attractions
Xai-Xai is a bustling town with markets, shops, restaurants, bars, petrol stations, banks, and a post office. A few blocks from the central market, there is an open-air furniture factory, located underneath several cashew trees. Xai-Xai Beach, approximately 12 km from Xai-Xai, has been a popular tourist attraction since Mozambican tourism, originally under Portuguese administration, was first developed before 1975. A coral reef running parallel to the shore offers good snorkeling and protects the beach from strong waves. In addition, the Wenela Tidal Pool, 2 km south of the town, includes a natural tunnel and blow hole that links the pool to the Indian Ocean. Right on Xai-Xai Beach there is a giant rock pool that forms at medium and low tides that is up to 200 metres long, forming a giant safe pool for families and swimmers.

Transport
Xai-Xai was served by the gauge Gaza Railway, which went to the city of Manjacaze and beyond. It lies on the EN1 road which connects with the roads from the Namaacha and Ressano Garcia borders. It is possible to travel to Xai-Xai by charter flight from Maputo.

In 2017, the People's Republic of China pledged $60 million to build an airport in Xai-Xai.

That airport was inaugurated in 2021 and is served by one airline, LAM Mozambique.

Sister city

 * 🇵🇹 Cascais, Portugal

title: Xai-Xai


text:
Antimonide

Antimonides (sometimes called stibnides or stibinides) are compounds of antimony with more electropositive elements. The antimonide ion is Sb(3−).

Reduction of antimony by alkali metals or by other methods leads to alkali metal antimonides of various types. Known antimonides include isolated Sb(3−) ions (in Li3Sb, Na3Sb), dumbbells Sb2(4−) in Cs4Sb2, discrete antimony chains, for example, Sb6(8−) in SrSb3, infinite spirals (Sb−)_{n} (in NaSb, RbSb), planar four-membered rings Sb4(2−), Sb7(3−) cages in Cs3Sb, and net shaped anions Sb3(2−) in BaSb3.

Some antimonides are semiconductors, e.g. those of the boron group such as indium antimonide. Many antimonides are flammable or decomposed by oxygen when heated since the antimonide ion is a reducing agent.

title: Antimonide


text:
F-sharp minor

F-sharp minor is a minor scale based on F♯, consisting of the pitches F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, D, and E. Its key signature has three sharps. Its relative major is A major and its parallel major is F-sharp major (or enharmonically G-flat major).

The F-sharp natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The F-sharp harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

Scale degree chords

 * Tonic – F-sharp minor
 * Supertonic – G-sharp diminished
 * Mediant – A major
 * Subdominant – B minor
 * Dominant – C-sharp minor
 * Submediant – D major
 * Subtonic – E major

Music in F-sharp minor
Very few symphonies are written in this key, Haydn's Farewell Symphony being one famous example. George Frederick Bristow and Dora Pejačević also wrote symphonies in this key.

The few concerti written in this key are usually written for the composer himself to play, including Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 1, Scriabin's Piano Concerto, Wieniawski's Violin Concerto No. 1, Vieuxtemps's Violin Concerto No. 2, Bernhard Romberg's Cello Concerto Op. 30 and Koussevitzky's Double Bass Concerto.

In addition to the Farewell Symphony, Haydn's Piano Trio No. 40 (Hob. XV:26) and String Quartet Op. 50, No. 4 are in F-sharp minor.

More prominent piano pieces written in F-sharp minor include Dussek's Sonata in F sharp minor, Op. 61 ('Élégie Harmonique'), Schumann's Sonata No. 1 in F-sharp minor (1833-35), Chopin's Polonaise in F♯ minor, Scriabin's Third Sonata, and Ravel's Sonatine. The slow movement of Beethoven's Hammerklavier piano sonata is written in this key. Wagner too wrote a fantasy in F-sharp minor (WWV 22).

Handel set the sixth of his eight harpsichord suites of 1720 in F-sharp minor. Aside from a prelude and fugue from each of the two books of The Well-Tempered Clavier, Bach's only other work in F-sharp minor is the Toccata BWV 910. Mozart's only composition in this key is the second movement to his Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major.

F-sharp minor is sometimes used as the parallel minor of G-flat major, especially since G-flat major's real parallel minor, G-flat minor, would have nine flats including two double-flats. For example, in the middle section of his seventh Humoresque in G-flat major, Antonín Dvořák switches from G-flat major to F-sharp minor for the middle section in the parallel minor.

Notable classical compositions in F-sharp minor

 * Charles-Valentin Alkan
 * Concerto for Solo Piano: Allegretto alla barbaresca
 * Johannes Brahms
 * Piano Sonata No. 2, Op. 2
 * Hungarian Dances Nos. 5 & 17 (original version for 4-hands )
 * Norbert Burgmüller
 * Piano Concerto Op. 1 in F-sharp minor
 * Frédéric Chopin
 * Polonaise in F-sharp minor, Op. 44
 * Nocturne, Op. 48, No. 2
 * Mazurka, Op. 59, No. 3
 * Prelude No. 8 in F-sharp minor, Op. 28/8
 * Muzio Clementi
 * Piano Sonata in F-sharp minor, Op. 25/5
 * Louis Couperin
 * Bauyn manuscript: Pavane in F-sharp minor
 * Ernst von Dohnányi
 * Suite in F-sharp minor
 * George Enescu
 * Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 24, No. 1 (1924)
 * Gabriel Fauré
 * Pavane, Op. 50
 * Carolus Antonius Fodor
 * Sonata in F-sharp minor, Op. 2 No. 2
 * César Franck
 * Symphonic Variations
 * Les Djinns
 * Joseph Haydn
 * Symphony No. 45 (Farewell)
 * Piano Trio No. 40, Hob. XV:26
 * Johann Nepomuk Hummel
 * Piano Sonata No. 5 in F-sharp minor, Op. 81
 * Felix Mendelssohn
 * Fantasy in F-sharp minor, Op. 28, ("Sonate Éccossaise")
 * Hélène de Montgeroult
 * Piano Sonata in F-sharp minor, Op. 5/3
 * Ignaz Moscheles
 * Sonate mélancolique in F-sharp minor, Op. 49
 * Sergei Rachmaninoff
 * Piano Concerto No. 1, Op. 1
 * Prelude in F-sharp minor No. 1, Op. 23
 * Maurice Ravel
 * Sonatine
 * Franz Schubert
 * Piano Sonata in F-sharp minor, D 571 (incomplete)
 * Robert Schumann
 * Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 11
 * Alexander Scriabin
 * Piano Concerto, Op. 20
 * Piano Sonata No. 3, Op. 23
 * Dmitri Shostakovich
 * Prelude and Fugue No. 8, Op. 87
 * String Quartet No. 7, Op. 108
 * Igor Stravinsky
 * Piano Sonata (1903–04)
 * Georg Philipp Telemann
 * Fantasy for Solo Flute No. 10
 * Henryk Wieniawski
 * Violin Concerto No. 1, Op. 14

title: F-sharp minor


text:
Jahbulon

Jahbulon or Jabulon or Jahbuhlun (supposedly from יָהּ בַּעַל אוֹן, "Jah-Baal-strength") is a word which is allegedly used in some rituals of Royal Arch Masonry and derivations thereof.

Background
Non-Masonic authors have alleged that "Jahbulon" is a Masonic name for God, and even the name of a unique "Masonic god", despite Freemasonry's official claim that "There is no separate Masonic God," nor a separate proper name for a deity in any branch of Freemasonry. In England, no ritual containing the name has been in official Masonic use since February 1989.

Masonic
According to Masonic historian Arturo de Hoyos, the word Jahbulon was first used in the 18th century in early French versions of the Royal Arch degree. It relates a Masonic allegory in which Jabulon was the name of an explorer living during the time of Solomon who discovered the ruins of an ancient temple. Within the ruins he found a gold plate upon which the name of God (YHWH) was engraved.

In Duncan's Masonic Ritual and Monitor, published in the mid-19th century, Malcolm Duncan uses the word as a recognition password in his rendition of the Royal Arch degree, and in a footnote states that the word is a combination of sacred names. However, there has been controversy regarding Duncan's ritual. According to Turnbull, Everett and Denslow, Duncan has the candidate swear, "I furthermore promise and swear, that I will support the Constitution of the General Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the United States of America..." whereas the General Grand Chapter at the time styled itself General Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of the United States, a subtle but significant difference. Some Masonic authors state that even if Duncan's ritual is authentic, it is either an outdated exposure or that it had been superseded by another explanation.

Ordo Templi Orientis
According to Francis X. King in The Secret Rituals of the O.T.O., the word is used in two rituals of Ordo Templi Orientis: the Lodge of Perfection, in which the candidate receives the Fourth Degree (which is called Perfect Magician and Companion of the Holy Royal Arch of Enoch); and the Perfect Initiate (or Prince of Jerusalem) degree, which falls between the fourth and fifth degrees. King prints in his book the lyrics of a song that mentions the word "Jahbulon."

Interpretations
According to The Rev. Canon Richard Tydeman, in an address to the Supreme Grand Chapter of England on 13 November 1985, the word is a compound of three Hebrew terms:

 * יהּ (Yah, I AM, which indicates eternal existence),
 * בּעל (b'el, owner, husband, lord) and
 * און (on, strength); pronouncing three aspects or qualities of Deity, namely Eternal Existence, Ownership, and Omnipotence and equating to "The Eternal God - Master - Almighty".

According to Walton Hannah, the word is a compound of the names of three gods worshipped in the ancient Middle East:

 * Jah (= Yahweh)
 * Baal
 * On

According to Stephen Knight, each syllable of the 'ineffable name' represents one person of this trinity:
 * JAH = Jahweh, the God of the Hebrews
 * BUL = Baal, the ancient Canaanite fertility god associated with 'licentious rites of imitative magic'
 * ON = Osiris, the Ancient Egyptian god of the underworld.

Criticism
Much of the available material that discusses the word Jahbulon does not address the administrative and jurisdictional distinctions amongst the appendant bodies of Freemasonry. Royal Arch Masonry is an appendant body to Freemasonry. In some areas it forms part of the York Rite, and in others it is an independent body. To be eligible to join one must first be a Master Mason. The administration of the Royal Arch is entirely separate from the administration of Craft Freemasonry. Every Masonic organization is sovereign only in its own jurisdiction, and has no authority in any other jurisdiction. This means that there is no standardization whatsoever with regards to words, signs, grips, or any other Masonic secrets.

Walton Hannah stated in his book Darkness Visible that the interpretation that Jabulon was a name for God reportedly disturbed Albert Pike, the Sovereign Grand Commander of the Southern Jurisdiction of the Scottish Rite, who, when he first heard the name, called it a "mongrel word" partly composed of an "appellation of the Devil".

Certain Christian ministries take the position that Jahbulon is the name of a Masonic Pagan god, and therefore violates the Biblical commandment "You shall have no other gods before me". A Church of England report into compatibility of Freemasonry and the Church reached conclusions of objection based on six points. One of these points was Knight's interpretation of Jahbulon; "JAHBULON, the name of description of God which appears in all the rituals is blasphemous because it is an amalgam of pagan deities. In effect, use of the term is taking God's name in vain."

title: Jahbulon


text: User talk:85.226.103.169

title: User talk:85.226.103.169


text:
User talk:Atti~enwiki

= ALERT! = Don't write here, use my discussion page instead!

Atti 21:51, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Atti. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Atti~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:14, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:46, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Atti~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Emre Akbas

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE   — Gwalla | Talk 19:58, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Emre Akbas
Non-notable graduate student from Turkey in comp. sci. The page serves as little more than a bare outline sketch of a CV. jglc | t | c 21:52, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Patent vanity --Xcali 22:00, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Vanity is not a valid criterion for speedy deletion.   — Gwalla | Talk 23:31, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, doesn't appear to pass WP:BIO. Kappa 22:04, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 03:13, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. A student with apparently no significant accomplishments in life. Not even really an article, just a list of majors he's had.   — Gwalla | Talk 23:31, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User talk:Rport

Meetup in March
I see that you are listed as a participant in the WikiProject Melbourne. If you are a Melbourne resident I would appreciate your views on the suggested Meetup in March. Please give some indication of your interest, or otherwise, in the idea. Even a simple "No thanks" with your user name would be welcome and assist in assessing the level of support for a meetup. Thank you.. Cuddy Wifter 06:30, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Borrowing page style
Gday Rport I borrowed the basic layout of your page while i get used to wikipedia. I hope you don't mind, but if you do, i'll change it Cheers Dinna89 11:05, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Nah im from ballarat. i moved here a couple of years ago from Mt Eliza. crap sorry i accidently stole your contribution... ill fix that

I've been doing minor edits for a while, and i did my first new article today. I'll probably keep going with the Lighthouse theme.

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Rport! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 04:26, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Jon Anderson (journalist) -

Melbourne meetup
Hey all, just a reminder that there's a meetup tomorrow at 11am in North Melbourne. There are more details at the meetup page. Hope to see you tomorrow! SteveBot (talk) 04:59, 24 March 2012 (UTC)

Meetup invitation: Melbourne 26
Hi there! You are cordially invited to a meetup next Sunday (6 January). Details and an attendee list are at Meetup/Melbourne 26. Hope to see you there! John Vandenberg 06:50, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

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Fair Use in Australia discussion
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Proposed deletion of File:Heat detector t56.png

The file File:Heat detector t56.png has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unused, unclear use/purpose"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Zinclithium (talk) 01:29, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rport


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John J. Flanagan

John J. Flanagan (born May 7, 1961) is an American politician from Long Island, New York. A Republican, Flanagan represented New York's 2nd State Senate district from 2003 to 2020. He also served as senate majority leader from 2015 to 2019, and as senate minority leader from 2019 to 2020. Prior to his senate tenure, Flanagan served in the New York State Assembly from 1987 to 2002.

Early life and education
Flanagan was raised in Huntington, New York and attended Harborfields High School. He graduated from the College of William & Mary in 1983 with a B.A. in economics. Flanagan received a J.D. degree from Touro Law Center in 1990 and was admitted to practice law in New York State in 1991.

Political career
Flanagan was elected to the New York State Assembly at age 25 in 1986 following the sudden death of his father, John J. Flanagan Sr.; Flanagan ran for the assembly seat that was vacated due to his father's death. In 2002, Flanagan sought the assembly minority leader post, and was defeated 27–26 by fellow Republican Charles H. Nesbitt. Flanagan was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1987 until 2002, when he was elected to the State Senate.

Before becoming temporary president and majority leader of the New York state senate, Flanagan served as the chairman of the senate standing committee on education and as a member of the committees on codes; corporations, authorities and commissions; finance; higher education; insurance; judiciary; rules and veterans, homeland security and military affairs. In 2011, Flanagan voted against allowing same-sex marriage in New York during the Senate roll-call vote on the Marriage Equality Act, which legally recognized same-sex marriages performed in the state; the bill passed in a closely divided Senate vote of 33–29 and was signed into law. In 2013, he voted in favor of the firearm law known as the NY SAFE Act, but he later expressed willingness to reconsider or modify that legislation.

As chair of the New York Senate Education Committee, Flanagan held hearings across the state to examine several major issues including state assessments, the implementation of common core state standards and the protection of student privacy. The hearing series was called "The Regents Reform Agenda: 'Assessing' Our Progress" and was held on Long Island and in New York City, Syracuse, Buffalo and Albany.

On May 11, 2015, Flanagan was elected senate majority leader and Temporary President of the New York State Senate following Dean Skelos's resignation from the post. As senate majority leader, Flanagan pushed back on efforts to extend the statute of limitations for victims of child sexual abuse in New York state. He did not allow the Child Victims Act, a bill that had already passed the New York Assembly, to come up for a vote in the senate in the 2017 spring session.

Flanagan also opposed the Reproductive Health Act, an abortion rights bill supported by Governor Andrew Cuomo and Senate Democrats that Senate Republicans blocked from a senate floor vote in 2018; Flanagan described the bill as a "radical expansion of abortion" that would allow certain non-physicians to perform abortion procedures.

In 2018, EPL/Environmental Advocates gave Flanagan an Oil Slick Award in their annual Environmental Scorecard.

In November 2018, fellow Republican Catharine Young attempted to oust Flanagan from his leadership post; however, Flanagan defeated her by a vote of 14 to nine. In January 2020, Flanagan announced that he would be unavailable for the beginning of the 2019 session because he was seeking treatment for alcoholism in a residential program.

After announcing in March 2020 that he would not seek re-election, Flanagan announced his resignation from the Senate (effective June 28, 2020) to become a lobbyist for Northwell Health, a network of hospitals in the New York City metropolitan area.

Personal life
Flanagan married Lisa Perez, and the couple had three children. Spectrum News reported in August 2017 that Flanagan and his wife had divorced.

In August 2017, Flanagan publicly stated that he had recently completed an alcohol treatment program. In 2019, Flanagan revealed that he was undergoing inpatient treatment for alcoholism.

title: John J. Flanagan


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User talk:Leifh

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Camp seymour, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text borrowed from web sites. For more information, take a look at our policy library. Happy editing! --Xcali 18:49, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Leifh


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User talk:PattyD

Hi, Patty! Welcome to the Wiki project on lace! On the project discussion page, I moved your comments to keep them in threaded order. Looking forward to your images!-- Julie E. 21:54, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hi! Perhaps it would be useful for participants to sketch their background and interests in the lace world? PattyD 02:56, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:PattyD


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Cookie press

A cookie press is a device for making pressed cookies such as spritz cookies. It consists of a cylinder with a plunger on one end, which is used to extrude cookie dough through a small hole at the other end. Typically the cookie press has interchangeable perforated plates with holes in different shapes, such as a star shape or a narrow slit to extrude the dough in ribbons.

title: Cookie press


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Talk:Walsingham

Well done,62.64.211.189, for your additions to the article. This is a fascinating subject.--File Éireann 21:57, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Somebody (more knowledgeable than me) ought to do an article on Fr Hope Patten - any takers? 192.102.239.195 04:51, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

Market town
I didn't realise Walsingham had a market. When is it held?. -- Chris j wood 17:19, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I've done some googling, and the majority of references are to Walsingham as a village, not a town. For example the parish clerk, in maintining the parish council's website (as referenced on page), seems to be in no doubt that he is the clerk of a village, not a town. There is no evidence of a charter, or of the parish council claiming town council status. It seems the place did have a market, but no evidence this still survives. Amending article accordingly. -- Chris j wood 14:08, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

--

In the centre of Little Walsingham is the 'Friday Market Place', so I assume at some point in history it had a weekly market, on a Friday. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.239.159.6 (talk) 10:05, 20 September 2007 (UTC) -

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080127121044/http://www.walsingham-memories.co.uk/ to http://www.walsingham-memories.co.uk/

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title: Talk:Walsingham