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Rogério Ceni

Rogério Mücke Ceni (born 22 January 1973) is a Brazilian professional football coach and former player who is in charge of Bahia. He is considered one of the all-time greatest Brazilian goalkeepers and is recognised by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics as the goalkeeper to have scored the most goals in the history of football. During the height of his career (2005–2008) he was also recognized as one of the best goalkeepers in the world.

Most of Ceni's vast professional career, which had spanned 25 years and 1209 official club matches by Sinop (12) and São Paulo (1197), 1237 total appearances by São Paulo being the player with most matches by the club, and also won 20 major titles, including three Brazilian Leagues, two Copa Libertadores and the 2005 FIFA Club World Cup. He also scored 129 goals during his career, with most of them coming from free kicks and penalties and one coming from open play.

Ceni also represented Brazil 17 times over the course of his career, being part of the squads that won the 2002 FIFA World Cup and the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup, and also taking part at the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

Early life
Rogério Mücke Ceni was born 22 January 1973 in Pato Branco, Paraná. Ceni is of Italian and German descent. He holds Italian citizenship.

Club career
Ceni made his senior debuts with Sinop. In 1990, the 17-year-old joined São Paulo, spending his first six seasons in Brazilian Série A as a backup or third-choice.

On 25 June 1993 Ceni made his first team debut, starting in a 4–1 win against Tenerife for the Trofeo Ciudad de Santiago de Compostela friendly championship. In the following year he was utilized as a starter in the 1994 Copa CONMEBOL, appearing in all matches as his side was crowned champions.

In the 1997 season, after Zetti moved to Santos, Ceni was chosen as his replacement. On 14 July 2005, Ceni was São Paulo's captain as the team won the 2005 Copa Libertadores, a third for the club. Two weeks later, in a match against Atlético Mineiro, he broke the record for most appearances for the team, with 618 matches – he wore a special commemorative jersey that had the number "618" printed on the back; on 25 July of the following year, he scored a penalty against Mexican side Guadalajara (also a match-winner), becoming the Tricolor's all-time leading scorer in the Libertadores.

From 2005 to 2007, he scored an astonishing 47 goals in all competitions combined, as the club won two national championships and the 2005 FIFA Club World Cup; in the latter competition, he netted in the semifinals against Ittihad (3–2, through a penalty kick), and was voted Man of the match in the final against Liverpool, as well as the tournament's MVP.

On 20 August 2006, Ceni scored his 63rd and record-breaking goal by netting a free kick against Cruzeiro in the domestic league, a few minutes after denying a penalty to the opposition. Later in the same match, he scored a goal from the spot and took his total to 64, also tying the match 2–2; this put him two goals ahead of the previous holder, Paraguayan José Luis Chilavert.

On 29 October 2006, Ceni made his 700th official appearance for São Paulo, against Figueirense in a 2–0 victory. Some of the gloss was taken off the occasion when the player was ordered to change his bright yellow jersey because it matched with the referee's; at the end of the 2007 season, which ended in league conquest, he was voted by the Brazilian Football Confederation as the Best Player.

In April 2009, Ceni fractured his ankle in training, being initially sidelined for six months, but recovering sooner than expected. On 28 October 2010, against Atlético Paranaense, he played his 700th game as club captain. The following year, on 27 March, he scored from a free kick to win the match against arch rivals Corinthians, shooting from 18 metres for his 100th goal.

On 7 September 2011, Ceni made his 1000th appearance for São Paulo. In late January of the following year, the 39-year-old underwent an operation on his shoulder, losing six months of competition.

On 1 August 2012, Ceni returned to the field, scoring from a direct free kick in a 2–0 Copa Sudamericana away win against Bahia; his side went on to win that year's tournament. He subsequently scored three goals in the league, ending the campaign as a starter.

Despite already being aged 40, Ceni stated that his spirit for competition was the same as an eighteen-year-old's, but still stating that his recovery is harder than years ago. On 14 July 2013, Ceni scored his 111th goal from a free kick in a 2–3 loss at Vitória.

On 7 December 2013, after lengthy negotiations, Ceni renewed his contract with Tricolor for a further season. On 20 April 2014, in a 3–0 home win against Botafogo, he had three records recognized by Guinness World Records: most goals scored by a goalkeeper, number of games played for the same club and number of times as captain.

On 27 October 2014, Ceni broke Ryan Giggs' record for most wins at a single club after playing in São Paulo's 3–0 win over Goiás. He finished the campaign with eight league goals (his best goal scoring record within seven years), being an undisputed starter.

On 28 November 2014, Ceni signed a new deal with São Paulo, until August 2015, despite previously stating that he would retire at the end of the season. On 29 March 2015, after scoring in a 3–0 home win against Linense, he surpassed Marcelinho Carioca in the number of goals scored by direct free kicks for only one club, with Ceni having 60 and Marcelinho, 59.

In June 2015, Ceni scored his 128th goal, entering in the club's top 10 goalscorers list. Ceni announced his retirement from professional football on 6 December 2015.

International career
A Brazilian international for nine years, Ceni collected 16 caps. He was selected to the squads that won the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2002 FIFA World Cup (and the 2006 World Cup, still not fully recovered from knee surgery ), but only appeared in two games in final stages, the 3–2 win against Mexico in the first tournament and the 4–1 triumph over Japan in the third.

São Paulo
In December 2016, Ceni was appointed as São Paulo coach, with Englishman Michael Beale and Frenchman Charles Hembert joining as his assistants. On 3 July 2017, after poor results – São Paulo were eliminated in State League, Brazilian Cup and 2017 Copa Sudamericana into a period of one month and were in the relegation zone in Brazilian League, he was sacked.

Fortaleza
Ceni signed with Fortaleza to coach the team in 2018. On 3 November of that year, Fortaleza clinched promotion to the Série A, and seven days later, the club clinched the Série B title for the first time in its history. In 2019, Fortaleza also won the Campeonato Cearense and the Copa do Nordeste.

Cruzeiro
On 11 August 2019, Ceni was named Cruzeiro head coach, but was dismissed on 26 September, after having altercations with the club's main players, specifically Thiago Neves and Dedé.

Fortaleza return
Three days after his dismissal from Cruzeiro, Ceni was announced at his former side Fortaleza, replacing fired Zé Ricardo. On 22 October 2020, he again won the Ceará state title, his fourth title with Fortaleza.

Flamengo
On 10 November 2020, Ceni agreed to a contract with Flamengo until December 2021, replacing the sacked Domènec Torrent. He won the 2020 Série A with the club, but was sacked on 10 July 2021.

São Paulo return
Ceni returned to São Paulo on 13 October 2021, being named head coach in the place of Hernán Crespo. He lost both the 2022 Campeonato Paulista and the 2022 Copa Sudamericana Finals, against Palmeiras and Independiente del Valle, respectively.

On 19 April 2023, Ceni was sacked from Tricolor.

Bahia
On 9 September 2023, Ceni replaced Renato Paiva at the helm of Bahia.

Style of play
A dead-ball specialist, Ceni was the official taker of free kicks and penalties for São Paulo from 1997 until his retirement, a time period in which he scored 131 goals. In addition to his accurate set-pieces, prolific goalscoring, distribution, and ability with the ball at his feet, he was also known as an excellent goalkeeper and shot-stopper, and stood out for his determination and longevity throughout his career, as he retired at over 40 years of age. Ceni was known for being capable of producing brilliant saves, such as those in the final of the 2005 FIFA Club World Cup, which saw São Paulo defeat Liverpool 1–0; for his performances, Ceni later won the Golden Ball, which is awarded to the competition's best player. He is considered to be one of Brazil's greatest goalkeepers ever.

Player
Sinop
 * Campeonato Mato-Grossense: 1990

São Paulo
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2006, 2007, 2008
 * Campeonato Paulista: 1992, 1998, 2000, 2005
 * Supercampeonato Paulista: 2002
 * Torneio Rio – São Paulo: 2001
 * Copa Libertadores: 1993, 2005
 * Copa Sudamericana: 2012
 * Recopa Sudamericana: 1993, 1994
 * Supercopa Libertadores: 1993
 * Copa CONMEBOL: 1994
 * Copa Master de CONMEBOL: 1996
 * Intercontinental Cup: 1993
 * FIFA Club World Cup: 2005

Brazil
 * FIFA World Cup: 2002
 * FIFA Confederations Cup: 1997

Individual
 * Bola de Prata: 2000, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008
 * Bola de Ouro: 2008
 * Copa Libertadores Best Player: 2005
 * FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball: 2005
 * FIFA Club World Cup MVP of the Final Match Trophy: 2005
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Player of the Year: 2006, 2007
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year: 2006, 2007
 * IFFHS World's Highest Scoring Goalkeeper of the 21st Century 2001–2020

Coach
Fortaleza
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2018
 * Campeonato Cearense: 2019, 2020
 * Copa do Nordeste: 2019

Flamengo
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2020
 * Supercopa do Brasil: 2021
 * Campeonato Carioca: 2021

Individual
 * Campeonato Cearense Best Coach: 2019, 2020
 * Campeonato Paulista Best Coach: 2022
 * Bola de Prata: 2020

title: Rogério Ceni


text:
Split S

The split S is an Aerobatic maneuver and an air combat maneuver mostly used to disengage from combat. To execute a split S, the pilot half-rolls their aircraft inverted and executes a descending half-loop, resulting in level flight in the opposite direction at a lower altitude.

Description
The split S is taught to be used in dogfighting when the pilot has the opportunity to withdraw from battle. It can be an effective tactic to prevent an enemy behind (between four o'clock and eight o'clock positions) from gaining a missile lock-on while one is disengaging from a fight.

The split S is contrasted with the Immelmann turn, which is an ascending half-loop that finishes with a half-roll out, resulting in level flight in the opposite direction at a higher altitude. The split S is also called a reversed Immelmann turn and can also be written with a hyphen: split-S. In basic terms, the Immelmann and split S are very similar, both accomplishing the same reversal in course, but the split S exchanges altitude to gain speed, while the Immelmann turn exchanges speed to gain altitude.

The split S, being a descending maneuver, means that the pilot must ensure that it is started high enough to complete the half-loop; the exact minimum altitude depends on factors like the aircraft's speed, weight and maneuverability, likewise the terrain below the plane. Misjudgements can arise from a lack of situational awareness or from an error in reading instruments.

The reasons for starting the split S maneuver from the inverted position include the fact that people tolerate acceleration ("g-force") applied from head to feet several times better than the reverse direction, as much as 9g versus 3g. Most combat aircraft frames are also designed to pull more Gs in their positive aspects (upward to the aircraft), rather than negative (downward to the aircraft). A much tighter maneuver is therefore possible with the half roll.

The split S without a beginning half-roll was a standard maneuver in early World War II by German pilots seeking to evade British fighters. The Merlin engine used in British fighters was carburetted, and the float valves would malfunction under negative g-force leading to reduced power or a stalled engine (The German fighters were not subject to this problem since they used fuel injection). This could be prevented by rolling the aircraft before starting the dive, but doing so took up enough time to give the German pilots an excellent chance of escaping. The beginnings of a solution was provided by "Miss Shilling's orifice", a fuel-flow restriction device, and was finally solved by changing from the original S.U. carburettors to Bendix-Stromberg pressure carburettors, and later to S.U. injection carburettors.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Split S


text: User talk:24.177.47.40

title: User talk:24.177.47.40


text:
Dependent type

In computer science and logic, a dependent type is a type whose definition depends on a value. It is an overlapping feature of type theory and type systems. In intuitionistic type theory, dependent types are used to encode logic's quantifiers like "for all" and "there exists". In functional programming languages like Agda, ATS, Coq, F*, Epigram, Idris, and Lean, dependent types help reduce bugs by enabling the programmer to assign types that further restrain the set of possible implementations.

Two common examples of dependent types are dependent functions and dependent pairs. The return type of a dependent function may depend on the value (not just type) of one of its arguments. For instance, a function that takes a positive integer $$n$$ may return an array of length $$n$$, where the array length is part of the type of the array. (Note that this is different from polymorphism and generic programming, both of which include the type as an argument.) A dependent pair may have a second value, the type of which depends on the first value. Sticking with the array example, a dependent pair may be used to pair an array with its length in a type-safe way.

Dependent types add complexity to a type system. Deciding the equality of dependent types in a program may require computations. If arbitrary values are allowed in dependent types, then deciding type equality may involve deciding whether two arbitrary programs produce the same result; hence the decidability of type checking may depend on the given type theory's semantics of equality, that is, whether the type theory is intensional or extensional.

History
In 1934, Haskell Curry noticed that the types used in typed lambda calculus, and in its combinatory logic counterpart, followed the same pattern as axioms in propositional logic. Going further, for every proof in the logic, there was a matching function (term) in the programming language. One of Curry's examples was the correspondence between simply typed lambda calculus and intuitionistic logic.

Predicate logic is an extension of propositional logic, adding quantifiers. Howard and de Bruijn extended lambda calculus to match this more powerful logic by creating types for dependent functions, which correspond to "for all", and dependent pairs, which correspond to "there exists".

(Because of this and other work by Howard, propositions-as-types is known as the Curry–Howard correspondence.)

Formal definition
Loosely speaking, dependent types are similar to the type of an indexed family of sets. More formally, given a type $$A:\mathcal{U}$$ in a universe of types $$\mathcal{U}$$, one may have a family of types $$B:A\to\mathcal{U}$$, which assigns to each term $$a:A$$ a type $$B(a):\mathcal{U}$$. We say that the type $B(a)$ varies with $a$.

Π type
A function whose type of return value varies with its argument (i.e. there is no fixed codomain) is a dependent function and the type of this function is called dependent product type, pi-type ($Π$ type) or dependent function type. From a family of types $$B: A \to \mathcal{U}$$ we may construct the type of dependent functions $\prod_{x : A} B(x)$, whose terms are functions that take a term $$a : A$$ and return a term in $$B(a)$$. For this example, the dependent function type is typically written as $\prod_{x:A} B(x)$ or $\prod {(x:A)} B(x)$.

If $$B:A\to\mathcal{U}$$ is a constant function, the corresponding dependent product type is equivalent to an ordinary function type. That is, $\prod_{x:A}B$ is judgmentally equal to $$A\to B$$ when $B$ does not depend on $x$.

The name 'Π-type' comes from the idea that these may be viewed as a Cartesian product of types. Π-types can also be understood as models of universal quantifiers.

For example, if we write $$\operatorname{Vec}(\mathbb{R},n)$$ for n-tuples of real numbers, then $\prod_{n:\mathbb{N}} \operatorname{Vec}(\mathbb{R},n)$ would be the type of a function which, given a natural number $n$, returns a tuple of real numbers of size $n$. The usual function space arises as a special case when the range type does not actually depend on the input. E.g. $\prod_{n:\mathbb{N}} {\mathbb{R}}$ is the type of functions from natural numbers to the real numbers, which is written as $$\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{R}$$ in typed lambda calculus.

For a more concrete example, taking $A$ to be the type of unsigned integers from 0 to 255 (the ones that fit into 8 bits or 1 byte) and $B(a) = Xa$ for $a : A$, then $\prod_{x:A} B(x)$ devolves into the product of $X0 × X1 × X2 × ... × X253 × X254 × X255$.

Σ type
The dual of the dependent product type is the dependent pair type, dependent sum type, sigma-type, or (confusingly) dependent product type. Sigma-types can also be understood as existential quantifiers. Continuing the above example, if, in the universe of types $$\mathcal{U}$$, there is a type $$A:\mathcal{U}$$ and a family of types $$B:A\to\mathcal{U}$$, then there is a dependent pair type $\sum_{x:A} B(x)$. (The alternative notations are similar to that of $Π$ types.)

The dependent pair type captures the idea of an ordered pair where the type of the second term is dependent on the value of the first. If $(a,b):\sum_{x:A} B(x),$ then $$a:A$$ and $$b:B(a)$$. If $B$ is a constant function, then the dependent pair type becomes (is judgementally equal to) the product type, that is, an ordinary Cartesian product $$A\times B$$.

For a more concrete example, taking $A$ to again be type of unsigned integers from 0 to 255, and $B(a)$ to again be equal to $Xa$ for 256 more arbitrary $Xa$, then $\sum_{x:A} B(x)$ devolves into the sum $X0 + X1 + X2 + ... + X253 + X254 + X255$.

Example as existential quantification
Let $$A:\mathcal{U}$$ be some type, and let $$B:A\to\mathcal{U}$$. By the Curry–Howard correspondence, $B$ can be interpreted as a logical predicate on terms of $A$. For a given $$a:A$$, whether the type $B(a)$ is inhabited indicates whether $a$ satisfies this predicate. The correspondence can be extended to existential quantification and dependent pairs: the proposition $$\exists{a}{\in}A\,B(a)$$ is true if and only if the type $\sum_{a:A}B(a)$ is inhabited.

For example, $$m:\mathbb{N}$$ is less than or equal to $$n:\mathbb{N}$$ if and only if there exists another natural number $$k:\mathbb{N}$$ such that $m + k = n$. In logic, this statement is codified by existential quantification:

$$m\le n \iff \exists{k}{\in}\mathbb{N}\,m+k=n.$$

This proposition corresponds to the dependent pair type:

$$\sum_{k:\mathbb{N}} m+k=n.$$

That is, a proof of the statement that $m$ is less than or equal to $n$ is a pair that contains both a non-negative number $k$, which is the difference between $m$ and $n$, and a proof of the equality $m + k = n$.

Systems of the lambda cube
Henk Barendregt developed the lambda cube as a means of classifying type systems along three axes. The eight corners of the resulting cube-shaped diagram each correspond to a type system, with simply typed lambda calculus in the least expressive corner, and calculus of constructions in the most expressive. The three axes of the cube correspond to three different augmentations of the simply typed lambda calculus: the addition of dependent types, the addition of polymorphism, and the addition of higher kinded type constructors (functions from types to types, for example). The lambda cube is generalized further by pure type systems.

First order dependent type theory
The system $$\lambda \Pi$$ of pure first order dependent types, corresponding to the logical framework LF, is obtained by generalising the function space type of the simply typed lambda calculus to the dependent product type.

Second order dependent type theory
The system $$\lambda \Pi 2$$ of second order dependent types is obtained from $$\lambda \Pi$$ by allowing quantification over type constructors. In this theory the dependent product operator subsumes both the $$\to$$ operator of simply typed lambda calculus and the $$\forall$$ binder of System F.

Higher order dependently typed polymorphic lambda calculus
The higher order system $$\lambda \Pi \omega$$ extends $$\lambda \Pi 2$$ to all four forms of abstraction from the lambda cube: functions from terms to terms, types to types, terms to types and types to terms. The system corresponds to the calculus of constructions whose derivative, the calculus of inductive constructions is the underlying system of the Coq proof assistant.

Simultaneous programming language and logic
The Curry–Howard correspondence implies that types can be constructed that express arbitrarily complex mathematical properties. If the user can supply a constructive proof that a type is inhabited (i.e., that a value of that type exists) then a compiler can check the proof and convert it into executable computer code that computes the value by carrying out the construction. The proof checking feature makes dependently typed languages closely related to proof assistants. The code-generation aspect provides a powerful approach to formal program verification and proof-carrying code, since the code is derived directly from a mechanically verified mathematical proof.

title: Dependent type


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Scotch yoke

The Scotch yoke (also known as slotted link mechanism ) is a reciprocating motion mechanism, converting the linear motion of a slider into rotational motion, or vice versa. The piston or other reciprocating part is directly coupled to a sliding yoke with a slot that engages a pin on the rotating part. The location of the piston versus time is simple harmonic motion, i.e., a sine wave having constant amplitude and constant frequency, given a constant rotational speed.

Applications
This setup is most commonly used in control valve actuators in high-pressure oil and gas pipelines.

Although not a common metalworking machine nowadays, crude shapers can use Scotch yokes. Almost all those use a Whitworth linkage, which gives a slow speed forward cutting stroke and a faster return.

It has been used in various internal combustion engines, such as the Bourke engine, SyTech engine, and many hot air engines and steam engines.

The term scotch yoke continues to be used when the slot in the yoke is shorter than the diameter of the circle made by the crank pin. For example, the side rods of a locomotive may have scotch yokes to permit vertical motion of intermediate driving axles.

What is essentially a Scotch yoke is used in the Tide-Predicting Machine No. 2 to generate a sinusoidal motion (sine functions).

Internal combustion engine uses
Under ideal engineering conditions, force is applied directly in the line of travel of the assembly. The sinusoidal motion, cosinusoidal velocity, and sinusoidal acceleration (assuming constant angular velocity) result in smoother operation. The higher percentage of time spent at top dead centre (dwell) improves theoretical engine efficiency of constant volume combustion cycles. It allows the elimination of joints typically served by a wrist pin, and near elimination of piston skirts and cylinder scuffing, as side loading of piston due to sine of connecting rod angle is mitigated. The longer the distance between the piston and the yoke, the less wear that occurs, but greater the inertia, making such increases in the piston rod length realistically only suitable for lower RPM (but higher torque) applications.

The Scotch yoke is not used in most internal combustion engines because of the rapid wear of the slot in the yoke caused by sliding friction and high contact pressures. This is mitigated by a sliding block between the crank and the slot in the piston rod. Also, increased heat loss during combustion due to extended dwell at top dead centre offsets any constant volume combustion improvements in real engines. In an engine application, less percent of the time is spent at bottom dead centre when compared to a conventional piston and crankshaft mechanism, which reduces blowdown time for two-stroke engines. Experiments have shown that extended dwell time does not work well with constant volume combustion Otto cycle engines. Gains might be more apparent in Otto cycle engines using a stratified direct injection (diesel or similar) cycle to reduce heat losses.

Modifications
An improved Scotch yoke, with a means of absorbing sideways thrust, was patented in 1978 by William L. Carlson, Jr.,.

title: Scotch yoke


text:
Tokio ya no nos quiere

Tokio ya no nos quiere (Tokyo Doesn't Love Us Anymore) is a novel published in 1999 by Spanish author Ray Loriga. It was published in English in 2003 by Canongate, in a translation by John King.

Plot summary
It is a first-person account of a travelling drug salesman. He goes to different places around the world, peddling a memory erasing drug. Various minor characters act as outlets for the authors musings on memory. Told through a mental haze of pretty much every drug ever invented and smattered with promiscuous sexual encounters of all varieties, the protagonist eventually begins sampling his own product. Pages of deja vu and disjointed thought lead him to meet with the inventor of the drug in Arizona. The author is an epileptic and took his seizures and temporary memory loss as part of his inspiration for the book. The memory loss also gives him an interesting transitional device for forwarding the plot without having to get caught up in details he wishes to omit.

Major themes
The author was trying to provoke the question to the reader, "What does it mean to be human?". There are definitely religious ideas here, and it is important to note that Loriga was raised Catholic. Memory is linked to sin, both original and individual. Almost reminiscent of Dr. Heidegger's Experiment by Nathaniel Hawthorne, each character is to some extent doomed to make the same mistakes they did before. Therefore, one could draw the conclusion that our sins are a part of us, inseparable and thus uncontrollable.

The novel can be described as very European because it reflects the pain of the Second World War and its extension into the future. The author once said in an interview that, "...we Europeans are so divided amongst ourselves, but we have so much in common -- a common history and a heavy past that we carry, and at some point you feel we look back more than we look forwards. Whereas in America it's the other way around. It doesn't mean whatever they're saying or whatever they're seeing is better than what we're doing. It's not a good thing in itself. But it's true: Americans are more like little kids in a way, they predict themselves in the future. We're the old people now."

This is clearly shown towards the end of the book when the inventor, K.L. Krumper, talks about being injured and in a hospital, watching reconstruction work and thinking. "Now seeing absolutely clearly the feeling of peace sweeping through those labourers as they finished their job, I decided to place all my faith in the demolition of the past...You have to remember that in those days I was just one more of the millions of soldiers surviving from a vanquished army. Belonging to a dead Germany, defeated by shame...We came back to Germany in the slow trains defeated, like strangers ejected from paradise by strangers. The destruction of the past then seemed to me to be the only possible hope."

At the same time then, the book jumps to the opposite position and reflects a Nietzschean concept found throughout the writings of modern authors like Chuck Palahniuk. The idea being that you have to break societies (or people) down before they can become something better.

title: Tokio ya no nos quiere


text:
Category:Robotics companies

If a company involved in robotics, also has many non-robotics links, please use a "Robotics_at_[Company]" category rather than the general category for the company.

title: Category:Robotics companies


text:
Tasting flight

Tasting flight maty refer to

 * a Beer flight
 * Wine tasting

Flight (Wein)

title: Tasting flight


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Afshar Experiment and the Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. Not much activity here, but there seems to be little controversy about this decision.--CSTAR 15:12, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Afshar Experiment and the Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics
Page is unnecessary spinoff of an already controversial page regarding current research, Afshar experiment. CSTAR 14:40, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — interesting stuff, but already fairly thoroughly threshed out on the Afshar experiment page. — RJH 15:06, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — Superfluous page. — Afshar 16:35, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, dup. --W(t) 21:33, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Template talk:Rail line

Documentation
Is this template documented anywhere? --Concrete Cowboy 14:40, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Not that I can find. I am particularly wondering about the coloured bars - I think they're being used to distinguish railway companies, but I haven't found a key. --ColinFine 17:25, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

Colour-coding for rail operators
As far as I can tell, from existing articles:
 * █ #FF0000 – First ScotRail and Virgin Trains
 * █ #FFFF00 – Merseyrail
 * █ #8B00FF – Northern Rail
 * █ #800000 – Wessex Trains
 * █ #010385 – First Great Western, GNER and First TransPennine Express
 * █ #30C5B8 – Arriva Trains Wales and Heathrow Express
 * █ #00BB00 – Central Trains and First Great Western Link
 * █ #FF9999 – Heathrow Connect
 * █ #008080 – Midland Mainline
 * █ #2E8B57 – Hull Trains
 * █ #C80051 – CrossCountry (Kevin Steinhardt 00:20, 28 October 2007 (UTC))
 * █ #FF7518 – London Overground (Kevin Steinhardt 00:20, 28 October 2007 (UTC))
 * █ #FA0000 – National Express East Coast (Kevin Steinhardt 03:12, 30 October 2007 (UTC))
 * █ #0D2A72 – Crossrail (Kevin Steinhardt 09:54, 30 October 2007 (UTC))

I'm not sure why several operators have to share the same colour in some cases. In the absence of anything else, I guess this can be used as a quick-reference -- Gurch 22:30, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Some time recently, it seems to have been decided to go pink with First ScotRail, primarily to keep with First ScotRail's colours. Some of the big ones have already been changed, here, for example, on the 28th April. Some work has already been done on this, and as I've gone through, I've changed with this move. Can we reach quick concensus that oweing to First ScotRail's new colours, and that Virgin Trains serve some routes that First ScotRail do, we can move to

 * █ #FF80C0 - First ScotRail

Cheers. M0RHI | Talk to me 23:45, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Colour-coding for Historical Scottish Routes
(from WPTIS Talk) Stewart 18:28, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
 * █ #66ba5a G&SWR: A light olive green
 * █ #496799 Caledonian: 'Caledonian Blue'
 * █ #517a6a Joint Caledonian and G&SWR: an aqua colour as a result of mixing the two colours together for G&SWR and Caledonian
 * █ #8f691e North British: 'French mustard'
 * █ #556920 Joint NBR and Caledonian: A mixture of the colours for NBR and Caledonian

Template:Rail station
Users of this template may be interested in Template:Rail station, being developed by User:Captain scarlet as a possible alternative or replacement. Warofdreams talk 23:46, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Auto-terminus
I've changed the template so that when "previous" and/or "next" are not defined, Terminus will automatically show up in the respective column. I hope this saves some space in the articles about termini. - Tangot a ngo 18:03, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

colours - update
I've done a load of "research" on colour used by each different TOC and put the results up at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject UK Railways (I'll copy the raw data over here later as an index). I'm asking some pretty key question that affect the use of colours relating to this template, all variants of it (heritage, disused, etc) and well as the "infamous" "s-rail". any comments, thoughts, agreement, disagreement would be welcome - before i do something drastic and upset someone! Pickle 08:52, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

"Next" and "Previous" Flexibility
Is it possible to have some flexibility in the "next" and "previous" settings, so that you can have more than one station as the next/preivous on the line? At present it seems that you can only have one, and this is not much use for stations before or after a junction. If there was some way of putting "Previous Stations: X or Y" that would be great. If there is already, please correct me and show me how!! Thank you. Chrisfow (talk) 00:24, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

Border widths
For a long time, I've noticed that if is used inside route boxes commenced using, some of the borders will appear double-width, because of a differing method in border specification, as seen at Shildon railway station.

In technical terms, applies the   property to the table, and expects the cells in each row to have the bottom cell borders always suppressed, also selectively suppressing the left or right borders, so that only one border is drawn between any two adjacent cells. does not apply, and does not expect the row templates to specify any border suppression. This means that should a cell have its bottom border set, and the cell directly beneath have it top border set, two adjacent borders are drawn, which has the appearance of a double-width border. Similarly for the right and left borders of cells side by side. Less obviously, but equally visible, this causes the doubling of the width of the outer edges of the table - it gets one border from the table itself, and one from the cell inside.

We might be able to fix this by adding selective border suppression to : I have created a prototype at Template:Rail line/sandbox, and set up some testcases. -- Red rose64 (talk) 16:14, 11 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Further: also applies   where  etc. do not. -- Red rose64 (talk) 14:08, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

Collapse functionality
There really needs to be a way to collapse all these services. At present, look at the article Haymarket railway station. The services chart takes up way too much space. I'm not sure what to do about this, but I'll leave this here in case anyone cares to do anything about it. RGloucester — ☎ 17:13, 24 February 2014 (UTC)
 * This came up about a month ago on Talk:Filton Abbey Wood railway station/GA1. . -- Red rose64 (talk) 17:27, 24 February 2014 (UTC)

What should go in the 'Route' box?
I'm not clear what should go in the route box. Is it just (a) the name of the TOC and then (b) the name of the railway? In the absence of template documentation, 'custom and practice' seems to say yes, that's all.

Except when it isn't: sometimes we also have a (c) Terminus-1 –  Terminus 2. Whether or not item c appears seems to be at the whim of editors, so some add it and others delete it. But sometimes it seems indispensable, especially when cross-country services are involved (see Reading or Oxford for example) or for 'n-furcated' lines like the West Coast Main Line. Comments? — Preceding unsigned comment added by John Maynard Friedman (talk • contribs) 11:33, 15 September 2014
 * As I understand it, for routes with a current service, the route parameter holds the name of the TOC on the upper line, in normal size text; and the name of the route, line or service on the lower, in  tags.
 * The Reading/Oxford problem is one of a complicated service pattern. There are two main traffic flows for XC services to the north: those that at Birmingham go straight on towards Stafford, and those that back out again and head for Derby. Similarly, to the south, there are those which go no further than Reading, and those which back out again and head for Southampton. But there are many different origins, and destinations also: Bournenouth, Southampton C, Reading, Birmingham NS, Manchester Picc, York, Newcastle, Edinburgh (I may have missed some).
 * We have differing editor attitudes: on the one hand there are people (like me) who would have the routebox show only the principal services - most trains at off-peak times are either Manchester-Bournemouth, or Newcastle-Reading, so those are the only two services that I would include. But there are some people who wish to sqeeze in every possible origin and destination, even for once-a-day services (like the last train of the day which only runs part of the route). This in my view is unnecessary overcomplication. -- Red rose64 (talk) 14:55, 15 September 2014 (UTC)
 * So you are saying that item c, the [primary] service being run, should always be shown? But surely that just duplicates the 'Service pattern' which has already been given under each TOC above? (and, as you say, it invites people to put in every destination).
 * You do many more of these than I do: what is your sense of the consensus 'custom and practice'? My objective in this discussion is to create a proper 'template documentation' that is much needed for this template. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 14:08, 16 September 2014 (UTC)
 * As I see it, (c) has crept in over recent years based on the parameter in . It used to be limited to routeboxes appearing in Metro station articles but then popped up in Crossrail stations. At best, it tells the reader what they already know. At worst, it adds another layer of complication as service patterns don't always allow for neat distinctions (e.g. Reading/Oxford), meaning that several rows would be needed to accurately reflect the situation. However, we're now straying into WP:NOTTIMETABLE territory. Surely the most simple solution is to follow the standard approach that routeboxes run from north to south, west to east. That way, we're only interested in the preceding and following stations without having to check TOC timetables to see if Bournemouth or Crinkley Bottom is actually the terminus for the service in question. Lamberhurst (talk) 16:22, 16 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't think that is referring to the "towards" items in the left/right columns of routeboxes like this, but to the station pairs in the central column of routeboxes like this. -- Red rose64 (talk) 19:19, 16 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I see...I hadn't come across that before. Although I can understand how such an addition can be useful, adding such a level of detail poses difficulties in terms of keeping the routes indicated up-to-date for complex service patterns. The point is well-illustrated by the situation at Oxford. Today's timetable between 1128 and 1243 reveals three different XC services: Newcastle/Southampton, Reading/Newcastle and Manchester/Bournemouth. Only the third service is correctly referred to in the Oxford routebox with the first omitted entirely and the second inaccurately mentioned. And I haven't even checked the rest of the day's XC services. Lamberhurst (talk) 20:58, 16 September 2014 (UTC)
 * The problem is particularly evident/severe in places like Oxford and Reading because the lines used by the XC services don't have pretty names like WCML or even EWRL, more a bit of this bit of that. As the template stands, this central box assumes that there will be such a nice name. Where it doesn't exist, people make something up like the Terminus-1 - Terminus-2 notation. Unfortunately that in turn becomes problematic if there are in fact no services from this station to one or other of those terminuses.
 * We also have to think of the 'world-wide perspective' in proposing rules for the template: just taking two places at random - Gare de Lyon-Perrache and Bologna Centrale railway station - in all cases the middle box is used simply for the type of service (TGV, intercity, sleeper, regional) [which, IMHO, would be an improvement on the mess we have here]. Maybe it is just too late to stuff the cat back in the bag? --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 15:25, 17 September 2014 (UTC)
 * If such detail is not given either at Perrache or Bologna, that gives further support to the notion that it is not needed here. As far as I can see, it appears to be the action of a minority of editors, and I would therefore suggest not continuing it. This to Bletchley highlights the difficulties involved: the Southern service to MK from Croydon runs over the WCML, the Dudding Hill line, the WLL and the BML. Furthermore, the service has been known to start from South Croydon. The information there about the service is therefore inaccurate (but understandably so as the route is not well-known); why create a rod for our backs? Lamberhurst (talk) 11:15, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

Consistency in route (succession) boxes
I've used these (as a reader), and also edited a few. I've noticed that they often contain a number or errors and inconsistencies. At the very least, I would expect that if you started at the first station on a line and selected the "following station", and repeated this you would eventually get to the last station... (More difficult if you're dealing with an unused or historic railway where maybe not all stations have an associated article).

I recently tried to "virtually travel" from Birmingham (New Street) to Liverpool Lime Street (with intermediate stations Cosely, Wolverhampton, Penkridge, Stafford, Crewe, Runcorn, Liverpool Parkway). Also, for simplicity, I've not included visiting the smaller stations of Winsford, Hartford, and Acton Bridge (and striked them out in the following table).

The following table shows the route boxes in the order of travel:

It goes reasonably well until you get the Runcorn, where (clicking on "following station") you get to Crewe - to go to Runcorn (Oh! Mr Porter). It begins to sort itself out after that but there are some other inconsistencies: I've seen these sorts of errors/inconsistencies when following through different succession boxes (try the South Wales valley lines or the lines passing through Bristol Temple Meads).
 * The route is shown in four different ways (Birmingham-Liverpool, Liverpool-Birmingham, Birmingham New Street - Liverpool Lime Street, and Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford Line), and that's ignoring minor differences of brackets, spacing, wikilinking or not...
 * Where the route is wikilinked, it points to three different lines (West Coast Mainline, Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford Line, and Crewe to Liverpool Line). Some of this might actually be ok - but only if it was done consistently.

I'm quite happy to have a go at tidying this up, but have some questions: Robevans123 (talk) 00:17, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Would you name the line as Liverpool-Birmingham or Birmingham-Liverpool? I think I favour Liverpool-Birmingham - most (all?) route maps (including the West Coast Main Line) have some relationship with the geography showing (for example) Liverpool above Birmingham - it seems slightly more intuitive that the "following station" describes the next station moving down (south-ish). And lets not get into West/East routes just yet...
 * Should the links underlying the route names point to different routes? BTW The West Coast Line doesn't show Liverpool Parkway, but the Crewe to Liverpool line does.
 * If yes, what would they be? I'd certainly put the Crewe to Liverpool line under the link in the route boxes for Liverpool Lime Street, Liverpool Parkway, Runcorn, and probably Crewe. But for the remaining stations, should they point to the West Coast Main Line or the Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford Line?
 * As regards direction, there is a convention (which is not universal) that the left-hand column shows the station that is further west or north, the right-hand column shows the station that is further east or south. -- Red rose64 (talk) 00:28, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Thanks - useful to know - must admit I've not been able to discern a convention... Is it described somewhere? Which takes precedence - N-S or W-E? But would it be better to establish a convention based on the general direction of the whole line? You can then move from one "following" station to another "following" station?

 * I'm sure one of the South Wales valley lines effectively goes in the opposite direction to all the others (and they all basically run N-S) - will check it. And the Welsh Marches line seems the wrong way round to me... Robevans123 (talk) 01:10, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I have been gradually amending routeboxes to reflect the convention mentioned by Redrose64. It's preferable to have one approach for all routeboxes precisely to avoid the situation that you have highlighted very well in the examples above. In the routebox, there should always be a link to the route and if the link is piped, the description given should be the same for all routeboxes on the route. I'm happy to go with L'pool-B'ham but it should be consistent. The Crewe to Liverpool line should be linked only in routeboxes for stations on the sections of the route via Weaver Junction. Lamberhurst (talk) 10:43, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I'll go with Liverpool-Birmingham throughout. For the stations from Liverpool Lime Street to Crewe, I'll put the Crewe to Liverpool line in the link; and for Stafford to Birmingham New Street I'll put the Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford line in the link.
 * It would still be nice to know where the convention mentioned above is described - useful if someone objects to changes, or is just asking about it.
 * Good to see someone else working on these lines. Should we set up a mini-project somewhere in UK trains? Nothing complicated - just three lists (routes checked/edited and ok; routes checked and found wanting; and routes not yet checked)? Robevans123 (talk) 14:04, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * It isn't documented anywhere but there have been discussions over the years. The closest one gets is here. There's a red link on WP:UKRAIL which refers to Guidelines where this sort of information should go. Without it being documented, you run the risk of somebody reverting your edits as happened to me  Lamberhurst (talk) 14:37, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * That's interesting - definitely a need for a discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject UK Railways and if possible something derived from that to go in Guidelines (and while we're at it, the contents of the routeboxes as in previous topic on this page, and also the amount of detail shown in the route diagrams as well...). All three topics that exhibit a wide variety of detail and inconsistency. I'll have a think about that, but in the meantime I'll try to bring some semblance of order to Liverpool-Birmingham. It'll be interesting to see if anybody reverts or rejects. Robevans123 (talk) 16:05, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

So here's what the stations on the Liverpool-Birmingham route should look like (I've left the station names in for now for ease of editing):

I'll start editing the stations soon (expect more reverts round Birmingham than Liverpool)...

Came across the Severn Beach Line recently and tweaked two of the stations to go in the same direction as the others. Services run from Severn Beach, via Avonmouth, to Bristol Temple Meads, but many start at Avonmouth, and services from Bristol Temple Meads often terminate at Avonmouth. I'm not sure the Avonmouth entry is quite right to reflect this variation of service. If anyone would like to check and correct?

An alternative convention to N-S, W-E, that I've noticed on a number of UK main line routes is: "start at London and work out". Robevans123 (talk) 17:56, 5 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Severn Beach line looks ok; SB is the northern terminus and Avonmouth is the 2nd station to the south. St Andrews Rd needs tweaking as Chittening Platform was to the north. Same with the Henbury Loop reference in the Avonmouth routebox. Lamberhurst (talk) 19:19, 5 March 2015 (UTC)

Using Template:Rail line in infoboxes
Currently, using Template:Rail line in Template:Infobox station doesn't work because some of the formatting is broken. A couple of minor changes fixes this. This will allow succession boxes to be placed in infoboxes without needing to create and debug the multiple sub-templates required for Template:S-line.

See User:Antony-22/Rail line and Merced (California High-Speed Rail station) for a test case. The changes needed are as follows:
 * Add  to each cell of Template:Rail start
 * Remove  from the first line of Template:Rail line
 * Add  to each of the three table cell style elements in Template:Rail line.

After the changes the template should look like this:

Thanks. Antony–22 (talk⁄contribs) 19:36, 2 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please make your requested changes to the template's sandbox first; see WP:TESTCASES - also, please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. -- Red rose64 (talk) 20:11, 2 November 2015 (UTC)

Discussion
Okay, I've made the changes to the sandbox, see Template:Rail line/testcases. It looks like the Template:S-rail titles still work so the changes to Template:Rail start are unneeded. Any feedback? Antony–22 (talk⁄contribs) 21:02, 2 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment: Are these changes really necessary? Template:Rail start is predominantly used by UK articles and there is no consensus for integrating the routebox into the infobox. UK station infoboxes typically contain more information than those in the US, so including yet more information would add to the "infobox bloat", especially where the routebox is particularly long - see for example King's Cross. Lamberhurst (talk) 09:15, 3 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Template:S-line is used extensively in the US for both Amtrak and rapit transit; see, for example, King Street–Old Town station or Diridon Station. The problem is that S-line requires multiple sub-templates to be set up.  Utlimately I'm not proposing changing how the templates are used, I'm suggesting providing an easier backend, since giving the option of using rail line instead allows the values to be plugged in easily.  Antony–22 (talk⁄contribs) 19:18, 3 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Are there any other objections or concerns? Or does silence constitute consensus around here? Antony–22 (talk⁄contribs) 23:23, 6 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Well, this page has only 19 watchers (including myself and probably Lamberhurst). Have you advertised the discussion at a page with more visibility, such as WT:RAIL (336 watchers)? -- Red rose64 (talk) 00:52, 7 November 2015 (UTC)
 * If s-line is used extensively for US articles, why provide for rail line? Are you going to go through all these articles and rework them to rail line? Am I going to have to formally object here to prevent the semblance that consensus exists for these changes? Lamberhurst (talk) 11:40, 7 November 2015 (UTC)
 * No changes will be made to existing infoboxes. Fixing the formatting gives the option to use this template, which is much easier to use than S-line, in new infoboxes.  Honestly, I thought that a minor fix to prevent a template from displaying incorrectly in some circumstances, and that is transparent to all other uses, would be uncontroversial.  Antony–22 (talk⁄contribs) 21:29, 7 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I use s-line almost all the time, but there are occasions when it would be silly to create all the background templates for a single use. This could apply to discontinued service where not every station still exists and you want to indicate the previous continuity for the few that remain. Secondarywaltz (talk) 22:07, 7 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Is this enough discussion to make the change? I really don't think it's necessary to essentially run an RfC just to get the text to center properly.  Antony–22 (talk⁄contribs) 00:37, 5 December 2015 (UTC)
 * You didn't answer my q of 00:52, 7 November 2015 - where was this proposal notified? -- Red rose64 (talk) 10:15, 5 December 2015 (UTC)

All right, I can post a note at WT:RAIL. To anybody joining this conversation now, I want to emphasize that I'm merely observing that both Template:Rail line and Template:S-line are acceptable for station succession boxes, that both the bottom of the article and the infobox are acceptable locations, and that the text doesn't center correctly for one combination of these. I'm only proposing to fix the formatting to get the text to center correctly, and not any change to the usage of any of the templates. See Template:Rail line/testcases. For the sake of clarity, the only changes are: Antony–22 (talk⁄contribs) 18:56, 5 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Remove  from the first line.
 * Add  to each of the three table cell style elements.

Template-protected edit request on 7 January 2020
Please, add vertical-align: middle among the attributes of style= for the three text cells. Used within "Infobox station" (services parameter) as it is now, this template ends up with the text vertically aligned on the top. Yak79 2.0 (talk) 17:30, 7 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please make your requested changes to the template's sandbox first; see WP:TESTCASES. – Jonesey95 (talk) 19:05, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

I made the requested change on the template's sandbox, and seeing the template's textcases page, it's working just fine. Regards, Yak79 2.0 (talk) 22:15, 7 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done – Jonesey95 (talk) 22:41, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Rail line


text:
Johnny Morris (footballer)

John Morris (27 September 1923 – 6 April 2011) was an English footballer who played as an inside forward in the Football League for Manchester United, Derby County and Leicester City.

Morris was born in Radcliffe, Lancashire. He started his career as a trainee with Manchester United in 1939, and turned professional in 1941. He guested for clubs including Bolton Wanderers, Charlton Athletic, Wrexham, and Everton during the Second World War, and made his debut for Manchester United on 26 October 1946 in a 3–0 home win against Sunderland in the First Division. He helped the club win the 1948 FA Cup, then, after scoring 35 goals from 93 appearances in all competitions, he was transferred to Derby County in March 1949 for a world record fee of £24,000. After three seasons at Derby, he finished his League career with Leicester City, where he made more than 200 appearances, and then became player-manager of non-league club Corby Town.

Morris was capped three times for England. He scored on his debut, on 18 May 1949 in a 4–1 win against Norway, and scored twice in his second game four days later against France.

Later life and death
Morris continued to attend functions for the Former Players' Association of Derby County and also played golf regularly into his 80s. He died on 6 April 2011 in a Manchester Nursing home at the age of 87. He was survived by his wife Marian and his two sons, and outlived his only daughter. His granddaughter Jenny still talks about him in Woolies club every Saturday.

title: Johnny Morris (footballer)


text:
User:Prikryl

I'm from Prague, Czech Republic. I was born in 1979.

I'm a programmer, the author of WinSCP, and a father of a small floorball player. That explains my focus on Wikipedia.

Articles I started or significantly rewrote
The articles I started are marked (N).
 * 1. SC Vítkovice (N)
 * Champions Cup (floorball)
 * Comparison of SSH clients
 * FBC Ostrava (N)
 * Florbal Chodov (N)
 * Florbal MB (N)
 * Secure copy protocol
 * SSH File Transfer Protocol
 * Superliga florbalu
 * Tatran Střešovice (N)
 * WinSCP

cs:Wikipedista:Prikryl

title: User:Prikryl


text: User:Alfakim

title: User:Alfakim


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/I'll Be There (Mariah Carey song)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 13:39, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I'll Be There (Mariah Carey song)
This is a cover of the Jackson 5 song, which already has an article at "I'll Be There". Although it's not yet official WikiProject Songs policy, songs that are recorded by more than one artist have one article which discusses all major versions of the song, and uses compound infoboxes (examples: "Radio Ga Ga" and "I Heard it Through the Grapevine"). I was going to go ahead and merge and disambiguate with no redirects, but I wanted to get a consensus first before I did so. FuriousFreddy 14:42, 27 May 2005 (UTC) (Note I've written a merged article, which is up at I'll Be There/temp) --FuriousFreddy 02:12, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — Number 1 hit song for more than a week and nominated for a grammy. — RJH 15:02, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * ...but since it's the same exact song as the Jackson 5 one, does it really need its own article? --FuriousFreddy 15:09, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to I'll Be There. I think the article is keepable, but since it's the exact same song, it'd probably be better all in one article.  -- Grev -- Talk 15:22, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't think a merge would be good for either article.  Both articles identify the song as the same one and there are mutual links.  I don't want to see the Jackson 5 article swamped by the Mariah Carey statistics, which are in themselves encyclopedic. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 15:36, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep separate, especially since it's a #1 song, also seems to be part of a Mariah Carey wikiproject. Kappa 15:39, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Please do not merge these two articles. As mentioned above, we are in the middle of a Mariah Carey wikiproject, and as Tony Sidaway mentioned, merging these two articles will not enhance either of them and will bring down the overall quality of the articles. OmegaWikipedia 16:34, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with I'll Be There. Articles on songs should cover notable versions of the song. The Wikiproject can link to the article which should mention that Mariah Carey had a number one hit with it. We should have a consistent policy for songs and perhaps we should have a policy forum to decide one. We shouldn't have one rule for Mariah Carey cover versions and one for everybody else. Capitalistroadster 18:01, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This was my main concern. This same issue could occur with a song such as "Lady Marmalade", which was a major #1 hit for two different acts. --FuriousFreddy 21:23, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, separate of the Jackson 5 entry. Mike H 19:45, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. Having an article on every song ever recorded by Mariah Carey is ludicrous.  This is even more fanboyish than Everyking's Ashlee Simpson obsession.  RickK 20:04, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, articles on hit singles are important. I'm not familiar with the Mariah Carey project; are they really writing articles for *every* Mariah song? --FuriousFreddy 23:54, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes unfortunately *every* song. Megan1967 02:49, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Excuse Me, Rick and Megan, but I really don't think you should be talking when you don't know exactly what you're talking about. The project is not about *every* Mariah Carey song, it's about all her single releases. And Rick, It's a bit rude too to be insulting Everyking and his Ashlee Simpson articles too. And Freddy, I'll Be There is one of the bigger and more remembered hits of Mariah's career. I understand the points mentioned about songs usually being put together, but as mentioned above, it is a project that we have been working on for some while, and they help to maintain the flow the of the Mariah Carey single articles, and merging would really disrupt it. OmegaWikipedia 06:34, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you aware that Everyking became so obsessive about the matter that it eventually went to the arbitratin committee, where he was forbidden from making any edits to Ashlee Simpson aticles? RickK 18:58, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have no obsession. You know as well as I do what the arbitration cases were about. Everyking 23:56, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if it being one of Mariah's "bigger and more remembered hits" is a valid reason to keep it seprate from the other article, which is the Jackson 5's biggest and most remembered hit (and the biggest pre-1988 Motown hit ever).--FuriousFreddy 02:31, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and defer the policy making to the relevant Wikiprojects. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 20:56, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and Delete, don't redirect, it isn't a logical search key. --W(t) 21:34, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
 * Merge. I have a suggestion of my own. Use headings for each significant version—here, the Jackson 5 original and Mariah Carey's. Then, change links in all other articles to point either to the Jackson 5 section, the Mariah Carey section, or the main article, depending on context. Dale Arnett 21:56, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * keep this sep please Yuckfoo 23:44, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with "I'll Be There". Megan1967 02:49, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, these are a fantastic set of articles and are well written, leave them alone and stop putting them on votes for deletion. A lot of hard work has been put into them, and this article should be left the way it is. Both this and the Jackson 5 article have relevant information and merging them is too much. This article is also too well written and factual to be deleted. Ultimate Star Wars Freak 13:48, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't want the article deleted; I suggested a merge (essentially a copy-paste job with the removal of redundant information). I'm not trying to hurt anyone's feelings or undermine anyone's work. The purpose of me putting this on VfD was to get a consensus instead of simply going ahead and merging the articles without a consensus. --FuriousFreddy 21:23, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I understand your point of view, but if you read both articles you'll find they have little to do with each other due to their separate impact and the huge difference between both acts and also there is too much information for a merge to make sense. Ultimate Star Wars Freak 19:47, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Not exactly. Again, it's the same. exact. song. The only impact either really had is that they (both of them) were major #1 hit records. Should I jump the gun and merge it as an example? --FuriousFreddy 23:28, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Everyking 23:56, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I've done a merge, located at I'll Be There/temp. Maybe seeing the example will help the situation. I expanded the information on both records, including correcting some information from both articles that was incorrect. --FuriousFreddy 00:31, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the example, but I think it demonstrates that separate articles are better. Kappa 10:44, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Some songs like Dragostea Din Tei work with one, others need two. In this case two is better. Hedley 01:04, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect, as per Rick. JamesBurns 11:07, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Agreed with above comments, merging the articles does not look good, and keeping them seperate is better SoSoDef 20:08, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This is User:SoSoDef's second edit, the first of which was for Votes for deletion/O Holy Night (Mariah Carey song)--FuriousFreddy 22:55, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Fetor hepaticus

Fetor hepaticus or foetor hepaticus (Latin, "liver stench" ("fetid liver") (see spelling differences), also known as breath of the dead or hepatic foetor, is a condition seen in portal hypertension where portosystemic shunting allows thiols to pass directly into the lungs. It is a late sign in liver failure and is one of the clinical features of hepatic encephalopathy. Other possible causes are the presence of ammonia and ketones in the breath. The breath has a sweet, fecal, or musty smell to it.

The compound volatile dimethyl sulfide has been associated with it, raising the possibility of an objective noninvasive measure of liver failure. A secondary form of trimethylaminuria is also associated with liver failure, and it has been suggested that trimethylamine is also a contributor to the odor of fetor hepaticus.

title: Fetor hepaticus


text:
Talk:Neartown Houston/Archive 1

More than half this article is about the Westheimer Street Festival. Perhaps that part should be moved to an article of its own. Rockhopper10r 14:44, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I have moved the Westheimer Street Festival section to its own article. Rockhopper10r 14:05, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Intro paragraph
OK, this paragraph is clearly not NPOV. I invite the author to try and fix it... if not, I think it might have to be deleted. :-( kdogg36 04:24, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2 contains errors of fact: "Longtime residents sometimes call it "The Montrose," although that has become less common. The name was originally pronouced as if it were two words, that is, 'Mont Rose.'" er

I have been a resident of Montrose since 1954. In the 1980s, the phrase, "The Montrose" was introduced as a pejorative reference (usually in connection with sensational reports of vice), by local TV newsreaders (not native Houstonians, let alone neighborhood residents), and was always a risible indication of their ignorance and unfamiliarity with the neighborhood and its history. Only someone whose knowledge of the neighborhood came from TV news would have used the bizarre and alien locution, "The Montrose."

The neighborhood's name was originally pronounced as one word, "Mon'trose," never as two words, -- in fact the pronunciation as two words, "Mont' Rose" has been a reliable indication that the speaker was not a long-time resident of the neighborhood.

Naming of article
Okay, this is an "official name" vs. "name everyone uses" battle. "Neartown" appears on city documents and so on, but I have never heard anyone call this neighbourhood (where I lived for five years before finances dictated my move to Westbury) "Neartown". Its notoriety as Houston "gay district" has given nationwide recognition of the name Montrose. Any thoughts? Rockhopper10r 21:40, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Gay Houstonian here. I agree with you, Rockhopper... I've never even heard 'Neartown' used before, and I've lived in the Houston area for approximately half of my life. This article should be titled "Montrose"... Otherwise, it's just very confusing (it took me longer to find this article to send to a friend). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 70.248.225.251 (talk • contribs).

I moved the page, give me a few days so I can return with a rationale for the move. In the mean time, be patient and try to understand why this article is named Neartown and not Montrose. Just know that Neartown is not a "neighborhood" or a "subdivision"—it is an area of which includes Montrose and many other neighborhoods. In summary, Montrose is a "neighborhood" that is located within Neartown, an "area" which contains more than one neighborhood. If we were to talk about Montrose (the neighborhood) technically, almost all of the materials in this article would need to be deleted. The actual Montrose is very small and there is really nothing to talk about. Most of the materials in this article is about the surrounding area, which falls under Neartown. I'll create a section within this article exclusively for Montrose. —RJN 06:59, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

I do not care if you are gay—this does not give you more authority in your arguments. Let us not drag sexual orientation and lifestyle into the discussion of naming this article. Since you already drag sexuality into this, then I will go into further details of where gay establishments are really located. The area where Hollywood Cafe/Restaurant, JR's, Mining Company, South Beach (night club), and many others are located in the neighborhoods of Avondale and Hyde Park, not Montrose. Technically, the real Montrose neighborhood is located south of Westheimer Rd, west of Montrose Blvd, north of West Alabama, and east of Mandell St. With that said, everything in the current article talks about Neartown, not Montrose. —RJN 07:39, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

 * There's no need to be so confrontational. Remember the Wikipedia credo. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 70.248.225.251 (talk • contribs).

Many "neighborhoods" thought to be Montrose include Westmoreland, Avondale, Mandell Place, Winlow Place, Courtlandt Place, Hyde Park, and Cherryhurst. The materials in this article represent these neighborhoods—not just Montrose—and therefore must be appropriately named Neartown. In summary, Neartown is not just Montrose and vice versa—it is an area with a collection of many neighborhoods that are all thought to be Montrose. —RJN 07:46, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
 * As I said at the beginning, this is a "name everyone uses" vs. "official name" question. Whether correct or not, "Montrose" is what this area is called by nearly everyone. I realise that does not make it correct, but it may well make it easier to find the article. I have never heard anyone refer to this area as "Neartown" in regular conversation. Definitely the article should have an explanation for what the official name is and that the official name is not in general use.Rockhopper10r 16:18, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Neartown Houston/Archive 1


text:
Talk:Crash

There's a reference to JG Ballards novel Crash in the section mention the film adaption of said book, but there is no mention of the novel itself. Procrustean 02:14, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

Faulty definition
One definition in the "Disambiguation page" of "Crash", namely "Sudden events", is wrong.
 * Only very few of all aviation accidents and incidents (airplane crashes) are "collisions". Therefore, airplane crashes have to be listed separately from "Collisions".
 * The required change could look this way:

 * Collision, an impact between two or more moving objects
 * Traffic collision, also known as a car crash
 * Mid-air collision between aircraft
 * Airplane crash, see Aviation accidents and incidents
 * --Uli Elch (talk) 15:19, 30 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Crash


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Ninety Pound Wuss

Ninety Pound Wuss (sometimes styled as 90 Lb. Wuss) is an American punk rock band formed in Port Angeles, Washington, in 1994. They signed to Tooth & Nail Records in 1995 and released three studio albums over the next five years which would be supported by several national tours. In 2023 they reunited to play at least two reunion shows.

In the mid-1990s Ninety Pound Wuss established itself as part of the Christian punk scene with their self-titled debut. The release of their second album, Where Meager Die Of Self Interest (1997) saw the band's sound take a dramatic shift, becoming much darker and more dynamically complex. Ninety Pound Wuss continued this development further on their post-punk swan song, Short Hand Operation (1999), by not only displaying an increased use of guitar effects and synthesizers, but also by showcasing some of the strongest songwriting of their career. However, the juxtaposition of being a punk band associated with the Christian music industry proved too exhausting and would ultimately lead to their disbandment in 2000.

Formation and early years (1994–1996)
Ninety Pound Wuss was formed by drummer Marty Martinez, guitarist John Himmelberger and bassist Matt "Gunner" Nelson in Port Angeles, Washington in 1994. Lead vocalist Jeff Suffering joined the band shortly thereafter, and was the only original member left in the band when they disbanded in 1999. After signing with Tooth & Nail Records, Matt "Gunner" Nelson departed and was replaced with bassist Jiles O'Neal, who was also a member of the MxPx side project The cooties. Ninety Pound Wuss released their self-titled debut album in 1995, recorded at Robert Lang Studios in Seattle, Washington with producer Bob Moon. The sessions featured drum tech Yuri Ruley, better known as the drummer of MxPx, who the band toured with and opened shows for. Upon release, Ninety Pound Wuss established the group as part of the Christian punk community with a relatively straightforward punk rock sound that included elements of both hardcore punk and pop punk. This combination of styles can be heard on "Something Must Break", the album's best known song due to compilation appearances and a music video. Lyrically, the album expressed their Christian faith in a somewhat one-dimensional way as compared to later releases, frequently mentioning Christ or Jesus. In 1996, Ninety Pound Wuss issued the Kick You Hard EP which included the newly recorded track "Heresy", as well as borrowing "Misplaced Society" from their debut.

Where Meager Die of Self Interest (1997–1998)
Ninety Pound Wuss returned to Robert Lang Studios to record their follow-up, Where Meager Die Of Self Interest, with producer Tim Mac who had previously worked with Babes in Toyland, Today Is the Day and Unsane. The album's writing and recording process would take place during a transitional period, with the band undergoing several line-up changes. Dale Yob (The Cootees, Slick Shoes) replaced bassist Matt Nelson prior to recording, while John Spalding took over for guitarist John Himmelberger midway through the sessions. Due to these changes, Suffering began to take a more active role in the band's songwriting. Where Meager Die of Self Interest saw release on October 28, 1997, and differed drastically from their debut, with the music taking on a much darker post-punk dynamic that also introduced the incorporation of Suffering's keyboard work. In addition to these changes, the vocals would become more frantic and inaudible, yet the lyrics still maintained their beliefs with a newfound sense of maturity, as made evident on tracks like "Queen Maggot" and "Sick and You're Wrong". Along with continued touring in 1998, Ninety Pound Wuss contributed the non-album track "In Silence" to Home Alive Benefit Series: Vol. 3, a split EP with The Captives that included an informative zine outlining the Home Alive anti-violence organization.

Short Hand Operation and breakup (1999–2000)
Prior to their next album, Ninety Pound Wuss would undergo another member change with Matt Johnson (Blenderhead, Roadside Monument) replacing bassist Dale Yob. Shortly after, the band entered Seattle based Avast! Recording Company with producer Steve Kravac, known for his work with Blink-182, Less Than Jake, MxPx and Youth Brigade. The outcome would be their third effort, Short Hand Operation, released on April 22, 1999. The album marked another drastic shift in the band's music by building on the post-hardcore experimentalism and vivid lyrical imagery of their previous offering, with a noticeable increase in both the keyboard playing of Suffering and the guitar effects of Spalding. These factors helped to further evolve the band's post-punk sound, creating the most dynamic album of their career with songs ranging from the chaotic onslaught of "Torment in Tension" and "What I Am" to widely atmospheric tracks like the synth-laden "It Seems So Far Away" and epic album closer "At the End of It All". Satisfied with the final outcome, Suffering referred to Short Hand Operation as "quite possibly ...the best [album] I'll ever record." To support the release, Ninety Pound Wuss embarked on another United States tour.

Throughout their existence, the group had been active in both the Christian and general-market music scenes; however, their growing displeasure of being associated with the Christian music industry began to take its toll on the band. Suffering was uncomfortable with being part of a marketplace that exploited God and religious beliefs for the sake of personal and financial gain. Ninety Pound Wuss tried to reject its association with the industry, which proved unsuccessful in part because Tooth & Nail Records, a predominantly Christian punk label, were contractually owed another album by the band. These circumstances lead to the band's breakup in 2000, with Suffering putting simply, "We had a rough tour and nobody wanted to continue playing in the Christian music industry."

Other projects and post activity
Ninety Pound Wuss issued the posthumous live album Hierarchy of Snakes in 2000. The album, which was likely released to fulfill their contractual obligations with Tooth & Nail Records, included many songs from Short Hand Operation and Where Meager Die of Self Interest. It also featured the Bauhaus cover "Double Dare", as well as the unreleased track "Dead End". Unlike their studio albums which would see release on multiple formats, Hierarchy of Snakes was only available as a limited edition CD.

Members of Ninety Pound Wuss began branching out into other projects towards the final stages of the band and after its breakup. Jeff Suffering, Matt Johnson, and John Spalding formed Raft of Dead Monkeys, who released their debut EP "DBM" in 1999. Johnson left the band in 2000, and was replaced by Davey B. The band followed up "DBM" with Thoroughlev on Burnout Records in 2001. That same year, Suffering organized the group Suffering and the Hideous Thieves, going on to issue several full-length albums, in addition to split releases with Rocky Votolato, The Hush Hush and Discover America. Matt Johnson recorded with The Out Circuit, a project fronted by Nathan Burke (formerly of Frodus) who, like Suffering and the Hideous Thieves, released multiple albums through Lujo Records.

Although Spalding was diagnosed with cancer sometime in 2004, he continued on with a home recording project that came to be known as Loveland, performing the majority of the music himself. Members of Minus the Bear, The Blood Brothers, These Arms Are Snakes and Pretty Girls Make Graves would also contribute to these recordings. After a grueling four-year battle against cancer, Spalding died on November 23, 2008. The Loveland album, The Beautiful Truth, would be released posthumously on Tigre Blanco Records in 2009. Inspired by his music and friendship, Suffering created a blog shortly after Spalding's passing in an attempt to document his own life, which included his ministry at Mars Hill Church in Seattle, where he and Johnson attended and served as pastors.

The band is set to play at least two one-off reunion shows in 2023, in Bremerton, WA and at Furnace Fest in Birmingham, AL.

Band members

 * Current line-up
 * Jeff Suffering – lead vocals, keyboards (1994–2000,2023-present)
 * Marty Martinez – drums (1994–2000,2023-present)
 * John Himmelberger – guitar (1994–1997,2023-present)
 * Matt Bailey - bass (several other years, 2023-present)

 * Final line-up (Before 2023 Reunion)
 * Jeff Suffering – lead vocals, keyboards (1994–2000)
 * Marty Martinez – drums (1994–2000)
 * John Spalding – guitar, backing vocals (1997–2000)
 * Matt Johnson – bass guitar (1999–2000) (Ex-Blenderhead)
 * Former members
 * Jiles O'Neal – bass guitar (1995–1996)
 * Matt Nelson – bass guitar (1994–1995)
 * John Himmelberger – guitar (1994–1997)
 * Dale Yob – bass guitar (1997–1999)
 * Matt Bailey - bass guitar (serveral years)

 * Timeline

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Ninety Pound Wuss (1996)
 * Where Meager Die Of Self Interest (1997)
 * Short Hand Operation (1999)

 * Live albums
 * Hierarchy of Snakes (2000)

 * Extended plays
 * Kick You Hard (1996)
 * Home Alive Benefit Series: Vol. 3 (1998)

title: Ninety Pound Wuss


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David McCreery

David McCreery (born 16 September 1957) is a Northern Irish former professional footballer who played for Newcastle United and many other clubs during his long career.

He mostly played in midfield, but was very versatile, and during his career played in every position bar goalkeeper. McCreery made 67 appearances for the Northern Ireland national football team, and played in the World Cup finals of 1982 and 1986. He was named in the All Star Select XI at the World Cup 1982 for his continuous high quality performances.

McCreery started his career with Manchester United, where he was a used substitute as they won the 1977 FA Cup and FA Charity Shield. After scoring eight goals for the club, he transferred to Queens Park Rangers for £200,000 in 1979. In 1981, he joined Tulsa Roughnecks of the North American Soccer League playing both the 1981 and 1982 summer seasons in the United States. He also played in the 1981–82 winter indoor league for Tulsa, netting two goals.

In 1982, he was transferred to Newcastle United where he gained promotion in the 1983–84 season, before shorter spells at Heart of Midlothian and Hartlepool United.

He would later manage Carlisle United and Hartlepool, in the English Division 2. His greatest success at these clubs came in 1993–94, when he guided Carlisle to a place in the Division Three playoffs, where they were eliminated in the semi-finals by eventual winners Wycombe Wanderers. He won Manager of the Month Award twice within his tenure at the club. He then joined Hartlepool United but was unable to win promotion and resigned after one season to initiate Major League Soccer in America. Within the MLS role, McCreery worked with Bruce Arena, Dave Sarachan and Rinus Michels, coaching and then selecting suitable players to raise the profile of the MLS in its inaugural season and beyond.

His knowledge of global soccer and networks led McCreery to join a United States-based soccer management company, then he became European Consultant for Boca Juniors and scouted for a number of Premier and Championship League clubs in England.

McCreery was named head coach of Myanmar National League club Magway FC in late 2010. Straight away, he established a strong youth development programme at the club, and this resulted in five squad players being called up to the Myanmar U22 squad. After two years in Burma, McCreery moved to Malaysia to take charge of the Sabah state team in the Malaysian Premier League. After leading the club to a Malaysia Cup playoff spot, he resigned from the role in July 2013.

Honours
Manchester United
 * FA Cup: 1976–77; runner-up: 1975–76
 * FA Charity Shield: 1977

title: David McCreery


text:
Mouse Island (Ohio)

Mouse Island is a seven acre private island located in Lake Erie off the northern tip of Catawba Point in Ottawa County, Ohio, United States, near the city of Sandusky (41.59111°N, -82.83306°W). It was formerly named "Ship Island", as denoted on early-19th-Century maps (and in some late-18th-Century documents). It was later named Mouse Island for its small size. It is part of Catawba Island Township.

The island was once owned by the American president Rutherford B. Hayes. The Hayes family built two small cabins, a hand ferry to the shore, a tennis court and supplied the island with running water. In the 1930s the island fell into disuse and all amenities were destroyed by fire or neglect. The Hayes family owned the property until 1966 as none of the former president's grandchildren remained in the area. Remains of the structures can still be found on the island today – including the native stone chimneys of the summer cabins as well as part of the foundation.

The Island is privately owned and is not open for public visitation. A limestone reef between the island and shoreline presents a safety hazard for watercraft that draw more than 3 feet.

title: Mouse Island (Ohio)


text:
Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan

Fumihito, Crown Prince Akishino (秋篠宮皇嗣文仁親王) is the younger brother and heir presumptive of the Emperor of Japan, Naruhito, and the younger son of Emperor Emeritus Akihito and Empress Emerita Michiko. Since his marriage in June 1990, he has had the title Prince Akishino (秋篠宮) and has headed his own branch of the imperial family.

Fumihito has a bachelor's degree in political science from Gakushuin University and a PhD in ornithology from the Graduate University for Advanced Studies. In 1990, he married Kiko Kawashima, with whom he has three children: Mako, Kako, and Hisahito. In November 2020, Fumihito was officially declared heir presumptive to the throne, during the Ceremony for Proclamation of Crown Prince (Rikkōshi-Senmei-no-gi) in Tokyo. Preceding his investiture as Crown Prince, the ongoing Japanese imperial succession debate had resulted in some politicians holding a favorable view on rescinding agnatic primogeniture, which was implemented in 1889 and reinforced on the constitution of Japan by the Allies after World War II. However, once Fumihito and Kiko had their son Hisahito in September 2006 he became next in the line of succession following his father. Fumihito's niece and Emperor Naruhito's only child, Princess Aiko, remains at present legally ineligible to inherit the throne, while debate about the possibility of having future empresses regnant continues.

As active working members of the imperial family, Fumihito and his wife Kiko's schedule includes attending summits, and organizational and global event meetings. The couple has particularly represented the Japanese imperial house in ceremonies involving heads of state and VIPs abroad.

Early life and education
The prince was born on 30 November 1965 at 12:22 am in the Imperial Household Agency Hospital, Tokyo Imperial Palace. His given name is Fumihito. His mother, Empress Emerita Michiko, is a convert to Shinto from Roman Catholicism. His childhood appellation was Prince Aya (礼宮 Aya-no-miya). He attended the primary and secondary schools of the Gakushūin. He played tennis in primary and secondary schools of the Gakushūin.

In April 1984, the prince entered the Law Department of Gakushuin University, where he studied law and biological science. After graduating from the university with a bachelor's degree in Political Science, he studied the taxonomy of fish at St John's College, Oxford in the United Kingdom from October 1988 to June 1990. According to British government documents released by the National Archives, Fumihito's requests to follow in his elder brother's footsteps and study in Britain were initially turned down by the Imperial Household Agency.

Upon the death of his grandfather, Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito), on 7 January 1989, the prince became second-in-line to the throne after his elder brother, Crown Prince Naruhito.

The prince received a PhD degree in ornithology from the Graduate University for Advanced Studies in October 1996. His doctoral dissertation was titled, "Molecular Phylogeny of Jungle Fowls, genus Gallus and Monophyletic Origin of Domestic Fowls". He conducted field research in Indonesia in 1993 and 1994, and in Yunnan Province in the People's Republic of China. When the Emperor Emeritus was then Crown Prince, he introduced tilapia to Thailand as an important source of protein. Tilapia can be easily cultured and Prince Fumihito, who is also known as a "catfish specialist," has managed to maintain and expand the aquacultural studies with the people of Thailand. The prince has worked as a researcher at The University Museum of The University of Tokyo where he also is an Honorary Fellow.

Prior to Fumihito's birth, the announcement about the then-Crown Prince Akihito's engagement and marriage to the then-Ms. Michiko Shōda had drawn opposition from traditionalist groups, because Shōda came from a Roman Catholic family. Although Shōda was never baptized, she was educated in Catholic schools and seemed to share the faith of her parents. Rumors also speculated that Empress Kōjun had opposed the engagement. After the death of Fumihito's paternal grandmother Empress Kōjun in 2000, Reuters reported that she was one of the strongest opponents of her son's marriage, and that in the 1960s, she had driven her daughter-in-law and grandchildren to depression by persistently accusing her of not being suitable for her son.

Marriage and children
On 29 June 1990, Fumihito married Kiko Kawashima, the daughter of Tatsuhiko Kawashima (professor of economics at Gakushuin University) and his wife, Kazuyo.

The couple met when they were both undergraduates at Gakushuin University. Like his father, the emperor emeritus, the prince married outside the former aristocracy and former collateral branches of the imperial family. Upon marriage, he received the title Prince Akishino (Akishino-no-miya – strictly "Prince Akishino") and authorization from the Imperial Household Economy Council to form a new branch of the Imperial Family. The marriage was bitterly resented by officials at the Imperial Household Agency, who had desired that the Prince adhere to tradition and not get married before his elder brother.

Children
Crown Prince and Crown Princess Akishino have two daughters and one son:
 * Mako Komuro (小室 眞子); formerly Princess Mako (眞子内親王); following her civil marriage to Kei Komuro on 26 October 2021, Mako gave up her imperial title and left the Imperial Family as required by 1947 Imperial Household Law.
 * Princess Kako of Akishino (佳子内親王)
 * Prince Hisahito of Akishino (悠仁親王)

Functions
Fumihito serves as the president of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology and the Japanese Association of Zoological Gardens and Aquariums. He is also the honorary president of the World Wide Fund for Nature Japan, the Japan Tennis Association, and the Japan-Netherlands Association.

The prince and princess have made numerous official visits to foreign countries. In June 2002, they became the first members of the Imperial Family to visit Mongolia, in celebration of the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations. In October 2002, they visited the Netherlands to attend the funeral of Prince Claus of the Netherlands. In September 2003, they made goodwill visits to Fiji, Tonga and Samoa, again, the first time ever members of the Imperial Family had visited these countries. In March 2004, the prince and princess returned to the Netherlands for the funeral of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. In January 2005, they visited Luxembourg to attend the funeral of Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte. From October to November 2006, they visited Paraguay to commemorate the 70th anniversary of Japanese emigration to that country. In January 2008, they visited Indonesia for a ceremony commemorating the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and the Republic of Indonesia.

The prince and princess visited Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania in May 2009 on the occasion of "Japan-Danube Friendship Year 2009" and the Netherlands in August 2009 for the commemorative event of the 400th anniversary of the trade relations between Japan and the Netherlands. They have also visited Costa Rica, Uganda, Croatia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Peru, and Argentina.

In addition, Fumihito carried out public duties on behalf of the Emperor when he was hospitalized. He and other members of the imperial family visited the affected areas after the Great East Japan earthquake in March 2011. From June to July 2014, Prince Fumihito and Princess Kiko visited Republic of Zambia and United Republic of Tanzania.

In accordance with legislation passed allowing his father's abdication, he became heir presumptive to the throne on 30 April 2019. Once plans were announced for the impending abdication and his brother's enthronement, Fumihito suggested that instead of using public money the imperial family should pay for the religious rituals in the enthronement as the constitution separates religion and state, despite the government agreeing to foot the bill. In June–July 2019, the Crown Prince and his wife carried out the first official overseas visit by the imperial family following the accession of Emperor Naruhito. They visited Poland and Finland to participate in the celebrations for the 100th anniversary of establishment of diplomatic relationship between Japan and the two countries. In August 2019, the couple and their son, Hisahito, arrived in Bhutan for a visit.

The public proclamation of Fumihito as crown prince did not take place on 19 April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. His accession as crown prince took place privately. On 8 November 2020, Fumihito was formally declared first in line to the chrysanthemum throne. During the ceremony he said "I will carry out my duties by deeply acknowledging my responsibilities as crown prince".

His older brother during his time as Crown Prince carried the title Kōtaishi (Crown Prince, 皇太子 lit. "Great Imperial Son"), and was also referred by the Japanese press with this title until his accession to the throne. However Prince Akishino did not receive the title Kōtaishi as heir to the throne, apparently due to personal reluctance as not being raised as crown prince unlike his older brother, and chose the title Kōshi (皇嗣 lit. "Imperial Heir") instead.

Titles and styles

 * 30 November 1965 – 28 June 1990: His Imperial Highness Prince Aya
 * 29 June 1990 – 30 April 2019: His Imperial Highness Prince Akishino
 * 1 May 2019 – present: His Imperial Highness Crown Prince Akishino

Honours

 * 🇮🇹 Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown
 * 🇵🇪 Peru: Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun
 * 🇪🇸 Spain: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
 * 🇵🇾 Paraguay: Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit

Honorary Thai degrees

 * Honorary degree (Kasetsart University, 1995)
 * Honorary degree (Burapha University, 1995)
 * Honorary degree (Khon Kaen University, 1999)
 * Honorary degree (Chulalongkorn University, 2001)
 * Honorary degree (Srinakharinwirot University, 2001)
 * Honorary degree (Ubon Ratchathani University, 2003)
 * Honorary degree (King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 2007)
 * Honorary degree (Chiang Mai University, 2011)
 * Honorary degree (Kasetsart University, 2011)
 * Honorary degree (Thammasat University, 2012)

Honorary positions

 * Member of the Imperial House Council
 * President of Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
 * President of Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums
 * Patron of the Society for the Protection of Mitera Sennyuji
 * Patron of the Social Welfare Organization "Saiseikai" Imperial Gift Foundation Inc.
 * Patron of the Agricultural Society of Japan
 * Patron of the Japan Forestry Association
 * Patron of the Japan Association of Botanical Gardens
 * Patron of the Foundation for Academic Specimens of Domesticated Animals
 * Honorary President of World Wide Fund for Nature Japan
 * Honorary Patron of the Japan-Netherlands Society
 * Honorary Patron of Association for All Nippon Gourd Fanciers
 * Honorary President of Japan Water Prize Committee
 * Honorary President of the Waksman Foundation of Japan INC
 * Honorary Vice President of the Siam Society
 * Researcher Extraordinary of the University Museum, the University of Tokyo
 * Guest professor of Tokyo University of Agriculture
 * Honorary Associate of the Australian Museum

title: Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan


text:
Veritas Stadion

Veritas Stadion is an association football stadium in Turku, Finland. It is situated in the district of Kupittaa, in an area dedicated to sporting venues. The stadium serves as the home venue for FC Inter Turku and Turun Palloseura playing in Finland's premier football league, the Veikkausliiga.

The stadium underwent an expansion in 2009, when a stand with 1,644 seats was built to meet the demands for the UEFA Women's Euro 2009. The stadium has a capacity of 9,372 spectators, with 8,072 seats and 1,300 standing places.

In Veritas Stadion there are two stands opposite to each other. The old Olympic stand (Olympiakatsomo) was built for the 1952 Summer Olympics and the new, modern main stand was ready in 2003. After that the name of the stadium was changed to Veritas Stadion, having formerly been known simply as the "Kupittaa's football stadium" (Kupittaan jalkapallostadion). The old Kupittaa Stadium's record attendance was approximately 15,000 spectators for the 1987–88 UEFA Cup match between Turun Palloseura and Italian giants Inter Milan. The attendance record of 9,125 spectators was set at a match between Inter Turku and Kuopion Palloseura in 2019.

The natural grass field was replaced to artificial turf surface in the early 2023.

title: Veritas Stadion