text:
Talk:Weight class (boxing)

Merge with boxing page?
Someone going to add a list of weight classes to the other page anyway so why not just merge these?86.46.70.156 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 17:29, 30 March 2010 (UTC).

Olympics
Do the Olympics use these same classifications? --24.61.26.216 02:35, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Super heavyweight?
What happened to Super Heavyweight?

 * This article isn't finished plus it's a stub Cokehabit 15:25, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Addition
I like the addition of organizations and the different boxing names. It works for some confusion of multiple names. Maya Levy 03:05, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Rename?
Would this article be better named 'List of boxing weight classes', to better fit the other sports related lists ? CultureDrone (talk) 13:48, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree. I'll move it right now.oknazevad (talk) 18:20, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

New rewrite
I wrote a new page called Weight class (boxing), redirected the old List of boxing weight classes to the new page, and moved Talk:List of boxing weight classes to Talk:Weight class (boxing). The history of the old page is of course still accessible if needed (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_boxing_weight_classes&action=history) jnestorius(talk) 10:20, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

Question:
I am trying to resolve a contradiction between two sentences in the "Culture" section. It says both "A boxer may fight different bouts at different weight classes" and "In both cases, the competitors could never face each other in reality" (one of the cases being boxers at different weight classes). It seems that boxers (like Manny Pacquiao) sometimes do fight above their own weight class and can hold titles in different weight classes simultaneously. Therefore boxers in different classes could "face each other in reality." Maybe there needs to be an edit here or maybe I am just not understanding the rules properly. Someone help me out with this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.195.220.225 (talk) 12:38, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

Confusing sentence
The following sentence:

'A catch weight may be agreed for an individual bout—sometimes even for a championship bout—but championships are awarded only at the standard weight classes.'

Seems self-contradictory, and is very confusing. Perhaps an editor could rewrite it for clarity? 80.1.150.213 (talk) 12:09, 11 March 2012 (UTC)

 * It means if you're supposed to fight for the 135 lb title (LW), and your opponent shows up at 137 at the weigh-ins. Then legally I'm fighting for the title, and he isn't. The fight happens ("catchweight") but only the person who made weight is fighting for the prize. DA1 (talk) 12:15, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

When was the Cruiserweight weight limit was raised from 190 pounds to 200 pounds...
The Cruiserweight article states... ''The current weight limit for the division is 200 pounds (14 stone 4 pounds / 90.7kg). When originally established, the weight limit was 190 pounds (86.2kg).'' does anyone know when was the weight limit was raised from 190 pounds to 200 pounds, and was it done a single-step, or was the weight limit raised incrementally? Best Regards. DynamoDegsy (talk)

A possible contradiction?
Hello. There appears to be a contradiction, or at least a tension, between these two sentences, with parts highlighted by me for emphasis.

Although professional boxers may fight above their weight class, an amateur boxer's weight must not fall below the lower limit. (from the opening paragraph)

Theoretical comparisons of the merits of boxers in different weight classes are a popular topic for boxing fans, with a similar speculative appeal to comparing sports figures from different eras; in both cases, the competitors could never face each other in reality. (from the end of the section on culture)

Am I missing something?

Best wishes,

"Dr. Dave"

phiosopherdavid@hotmail.com

96.238.5.233 (talk) 18:12, 4 June 2017 (UTC)

Proposal
Add Cyber Boxing Zone in the column. Pacphobia (talk) 15:40, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

Potentially daft question re: light heavyweight vs heavyweight
Why is there a gap of 25 lbs in the table, without clarification? Especially considering the lede sentence "The lower limit of a weight class is equal to the upper weight limit of the class below it." I'm assuming there is a common understanding of this, but the article definitely doesn't explain this glaring oddity....Peace and Passion ☮ ("I'm listening....") 05:05, 26 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Oh, I'm starting to get it, the way "ranges" are being used is not immediately apparent (nor intuitive)... and the various tables use ranges in an inconsistent manner. This needs to be made much more clear; there has to be a way to reformat these tables to make it immediately apparent what type of data they're actually displaying.Peace and Passion ☮ ("I'm listening....") 05:11, 26 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Weight class (boxing)


text:
Category talk:Philosophers by continent

anti-geo-phil
I'm not an advocate of entrenching geo-philosophy, which tends to support a number of rather non-philosophical characterisations in the first instance, but I'm more accepting when it fits into another existing schema of some generality (like professions by nationality), which does not indicate that there is something particularly unique about geographical divisions of philosophy that can be better conveyed by using continents as an intermediate grouping. I'm putting all related categories up for deletion in support of the previous order. Buffyg 02:35, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I thought it might be a good way to have a place to link to Eastern philosophers or Soviet philosophers without having to have completely unrelated categories. It may also avoid the British vs. English/Irish/Scottish/Welsh problem. KSchutte

Not inclusive enough
The concept of continents leave outisde islands, archipelagos and so on, where philosophical thinking can grow as well. The current definition affects, for example, the categorization of, which in the present moment is a subcategory of North America philosophers, an absurdity. In portuguese wikipedia we applied a bigger concept of philosophers by region of the world, which can be better approximated to such kind of spatialities. JoaquimCebuano (talk) 11:00, 15 September 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category talk:Philosophers by continent


text:
Rod Love

Roderick Michael Love (August 5, 1953 – October 26, 2014) was a Canadian political strategist. He served as chief of staff to Ralph Klein during Klein's tenure as Mayor of Calgary and Premier of Alberta.

Political career
He was born in Yorkton, Saskatchewan, in 1953. In 1992, he ran in the Calgary-Buffalo by-election as Progressive Conservative, receiving just 15% of the vote. In 1998, he established Rod Love Consulting Inc.

Love attended the University of Alberta and the University of Calgary and was a member of the board of governors of the University of Calgary and the Canada West Foundation.

In 2012, Love was a co-host with Karin Klassen of Type A, a CBC Radio One talk show about the Canadian economy. He died at home surrounded by his family on October 26, 2014, of pancreatic cancer, aged 61.

title: Rod Love


text:
Category talk:European philosophers

phil by geo
Please see Category Talk:Philosophers by geography. Buffyg 02:38, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:European philosophers


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Constance Hall

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Merge. -- Jonel | Speak 05:47, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Constance Hall
Un-notable Australian Big Brother contestant. The first one to be disqualified but otherwise not notable. MrHate 02:40, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Redirect -- and merge to Big Brother (Australian TV series). I don't think we'll be hearing much more from her. - Longhair | Talk 02:46, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect is ok, but delete is ok, too. This is not the winner of the "competition," just some chick. Geogre 02:59, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Big Brother (Australian TV series)--AYArktos 03:23, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge. Niteowlneils 03:33, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with redirect.--Cyberjunkie 03:58, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect.' (or alternatively, delete). Ambi 05:01, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Big Brother (Australian TV series) . Keep on second thoughts she probably is notable/notorious enough for an entry. JamesBurns 05:19, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. The decision to expel her and the other housemate is an important part of the development of the show especially as the show's bid for more single housemates has led to a much raunchier program than previous years and hence more controversy. Capitalistroadster 07:05, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. I hate Big Brother as much as the next man, but contestants usually end up having their fame extended beyond the house, which to me establishes notability. That said, this really only applies up to around the 3rd series in any country. Jamyskis 07:26, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: The winner of the first Australian series, Ben Williams doesn't have an article. I didn't even know his name without checking. -- Longhair | Talk 07:48, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Weak keep per what Jamyskis said -CunningLinguist 07:34, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge or delete game show contestant, and not even a winning one. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 09:38, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, first one to be disqualified establishes notoriety. Kappa 10:52, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Big Brother (Australian TV series), even though I really see no harm in deleting. I feel that finalists in Idol are notable, they have shown some skill in getting there, but Big Brother? ...Sigh, if there are people interested in that TV-show I guess that a merge is better than a deletion. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:56, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * redirect. Scimitars Law: as number of reality TV shows approach infinity, notability of reality TV show contestants approaches zero. --Scimitar 14:29, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. What else has she done? -- BD2412 talk 15:56, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)
 * Merge to the BB series, since it is easy to re-split on the off chance that she does something notable. Brighterorange 18:30, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I don't think we should have articles on everyone who has ever appeared on TV somewhere. KFP 18:54, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per above. Radiant_ >|< 09:27, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge - no notability outside context of TV show. Alphax τεχ 06:16, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Still Life (video game)

Still Life is a 2005 adventure game by Microïds. Still Life is a sequel to Post Mortem. A sequel, Still Life 2, was released in 2009. The game has since sold 240,000 copies worldwide.

A major theme throughout the game is art, especially the technique of still life that the game is named after. The game also uses a storytelling device of switching back and forth between two player characters.

Gameplay
Still Life is a point-and-click graphic adventure. Unlike its predecessor, which featured dialogue trees and first-person navigation, the player controls Victoria from a fixed third-person angle and conversations are linear in nature. A variety of puzzles must be completed to progress the narrative, which sometimes require backtracking to different stages that have been unlocked on the map.

The game features no hint system, nor an objective list, but the player may find clues on to what to do and where to go next by accessing documents obtained throughout the game in the menu. Also accessible is the inventory, which allows players to keep track of items obtained and examine them.

Plot
FBI Special Agent Victoria McPherson is investigating a series of brutal murders in 2004 Chicago. While visiting her father for Christmas she discovers an old notebook that belonged to her grandfather, private investigator Gustav McPherson. Victoria is surprised to learn that Gus had been involved with investigating a very similar series of murders in 1920s Prague. The player alternates between these two characters as they work to hunt down what seems to be the same serial killer more than 70 years apart.

In both cases the murderer targets sex trade workers: street prostitutes in Prague, and employees of an exclusive Chicago massage parlor and S&M club called the Red Lantern. The killer or killers are disguised in a dark cloak, top hat, and silver mask.

Gus eventually identifies the man responsible for the Prague murders, but the killer escapes justice and relocates to America. Near the end of the game Victoria discovers that similar murders occurred in 1931 Chicago and later in 1956 Los Angeles.

The identity of the 2004 Chicago killer is never revealed. Victoria encounters him several times, but never sees behind his mask. She does not believe he is the same person as the Prague killer, but rather a younger person who has been influenced by the Prague killer in some way. At the climax of the game, Victoria manages to shoot the Chicago killer, but he plunges into the Chicago river and does not surface. As the game ends, the Chicago police are still searching the river for the killer's body. Victoria plans to travel to Los Angeles to learn more about the 1956 killings.

A controversy surrounding the game is its lack of an ending. Originally planned as the second of a trilogy, with Post Mortem as the first, Still Life ends without revealing the villain. The story was meant to continue in a third game, but it seemed unlikely that the finalé would ever be made, as part of the development arm of Microïds in Canada was bought out by Ubisoft. However, on December 6, 2007, Microïds announced the development of a sequel, Still Life 2, which was released in 2009. On September 19, 2008 a new Still Life series website was opened, covering the three games.

Development
Still Life was made with Virtools applications; the same software as Post Mortem and some other Microïds games. The point and click gameplay is also based on the first two games in the Syberia franchise.

Reception
According to Microïds, Still Life and its predecessor, Post Mortem, were commercial successes. The publisher reported combined global sales for the series above 500,000 units by September 2008. The worldwide sell-through of Still Life alone surpassed 240,000 units by May 2009.

Still Life received fairly favorable reviews from critics. Its Metacritic scores are 75/100 for PC and 70/100 for Xbox, based on reviews by respectively 27 and 29 critics. Its GameRankings scores are 75.77% for PC and 68.68% for Xbox, based on reviews by respectively 35 and 31 critics. David Clayman of IGN commented: "Still Life is an enjoyable albeit short diversion for fans of classic adventure games. As usual, this type of game controls better on a PC and character movement feels slow and clunky with the Xbox controller." Eurogamer's John Walker: "There's a lot that Still Life does well, but in the same way adventure games were doing things well ten years ago. There is therefore no excuse for it to not manage other basic, fundamental elements when rehashing these decade-old ideas." Shannon Hall of Just Adventure: "Anyone who loves a mystery and has an investigative mind will get many hours of pleasure from Still Life." Ryan Davis, writing for GameSpot: "Its slavish dedication to convention will scratch the methodical, cerebral itch all diehard adventure game fans have. As a genre exercise, though, it exerts little energy to draw in new players."

Still Life was a finalist for PC Gamer US's "Best Adventure Game 2005" award, which ultimately went to Indigo Prophecy.

In 2011, Adventure Gamers named Still Life the 20th-best adventure game ever released.

title: Still Life (video game)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/My Funny Valentine

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Kelly Martin 20:24, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

My Funny Valentine
These lyrics should not be there... Florilegist 02:42, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC) titled "My Funny Valentine" most of which relate to this song. BTW, there is a Miles Davis live album of the same name which is considered by some to be one of the best versions of standards ever recorded. See Capitalistroadster 08:02, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC) Apparently, Chet Baker had a big hit with it in the 1950's and the song was sung in Pal Joey by Kim Novak. I might have at expanding this myself.Capitalistroadster 08:10, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Check for copyvio. Mr Bound 02:45, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: First, copyrighted material. Second, incomplete, so no transwiki to source, even if the lyrics were free. Geogre 02:59, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand: It is one of the landmark songs, as it has been a bravura piece by crooners since its writing. I'm in favor of articles on very few and extremely important popular songs, and this qualifies, but we ought to discuss it as a landmark. Geogre 12:17, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I've put in a legit stub. It may be okay now. --Arcadian 03:50, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Arcadian's stub. RickK 04:42, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep new stub, but it really should be expanded; if we are going to have articles on songs they should have some real substance, not just a short list of facts. Also, the potential copyvio in the history could be a problem if this isn't in the public domain. -R. fiend 05:04, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I agree with R. fiend that an article on a song should typically be more than a short list of facts, but I think there is certainly a legitmate interest in some songs (like this) that have a history beyond a single artist or medium.  In some cases there may not be more than a few facts, or at least a few important facts.  For example, if this particular song was performed by six other artists but their versions were never popular, I don't see that we add value here by mentioning the appropriately forgotten versions. DS1953 05:33, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Jamyskis 07:29, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Notable song with Allmusic.com stating that there are nearly 1300 versions of a song
 * Strong Keep I'm in favour of keeping most songs, and one as famous as this definitely needs an article. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 09:40, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * I fleshed it out a little more, using Capitalistroadster's posting as a starting point. Question: is it copyvio to include the chords? I added those in because they're so familiar to jazz musicians. I think that including the chords is fair use, but I could also see the other side of the argument, and wouldn't object if they were removed. --Arcadian 12:08, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It is definitely not a copyright violation to include the chords the way you have done. Copyright only covers the author's actual expression.  For example, to quote a passage from a book you would need to rely on "fair use" because you are using the author's own words.  If you briefly summarize the author's book in your own words, that simply does not violate his copyright.  There are obviously areas in between, but your listing of the chords clearly is not even in the grey area. DS1953 14:13, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Cool -- thanks. --Arcadian 01:57, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. I can see some curious individual wondering what "my funny valentine" means or is a reference to; it sorta sounds like a common expression. --Robojames 18:20, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. An important song from the period of unpopular music.  FWIW, at least some brief quotation of the lyrics, perhaps illustrating the use of the title in the song, would certainly be fair use.  Smerdis of Tlön 19:30, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep revised version. --FuriousFreddy 19:40, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ''This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.


text:
Acmispon glaber

Acmispon glaber (previously Lotus scoparius) (common deerweed, deer weed, deervetch, California broom or western bird's-foot trefoil) is a perennial subshrub in the family Fabaceae (pea family). The plant is a pioneer species found in dry areas of California, Arizona, and Mexico. It is commonly found in many areas including chaparral, coastal sand and roadsides at elevations below 1500 m.

Description
The Acmispon glaber stems are green, erect, somewhat branched, with small, deciduous, pinnate leaves consisting of three to six leaflets. The plant blooms from about March to August and has flowers that are bilateral, small (7–11 mm), yellow, and clustered together in an inflorescence consisting of two to seven flowers in the upper leaf axils. The flowers become reddish with age. The fruit consists of a curved legume with two seeds.

Ecology
Acmispon glaber is a food consumed by numerous wildlife, providing intake for hummingbirds, bees, butterfly larvae, and deer. Among the larvae are the Acmon blue, Afranius duskywing, Avalon scrub hairstreak, bramble hairstreak, funereal duskywing, and northern cloudywing. Common plant associates in chaparral, especially in the transition between coastal chaparral and coastal sage scrub, include California sagebrush and toyon.

Landowners seeking to provide a home for reintroducing the Palos Verdes blue butterfly have been required to have sufficient Acmispon glaber plants to provide the butterflies with shelter.

Adult Acmispon glaber plants are usually killed by fire due to their thin epidermis and broom-like foliage that burns easily, but the seeds of Acmispon glaber are scarified by fire and readily germinate in the first rainy season after a fire. For 2 to 3 years after a fire in a sage scrub habitat, the flora consists primarily of herbaceous annuals and short-lived herbaceous perennials, but after the first 2–3 years, Acmispon glaber generally becomes dominant, being gradually replaced by long-lived shrubs after 5–10 years post-fire.

Due to their seeds' fire adaptation, Acmispon glaber benefits from heat scarification in cultivation. Heat treatment significantly increases germination rate.

 * Acmispon glaber var. brevialatus  is endemic to California.

title: Acmispon glaber


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Schissel

Schissel
final (12/1/0) ending 02:43 20 June 2005 (UTC) Schissel has been with Wikipedia since October of 2004 and has made many quality contributions. I first ran into him when I noticed his List of compositions for cello and orchestra. I was amazed at his diligence and the great contributions he has made to Wikipedia; Schissel is particularly active in the classical music fields. Besides creating and writing great articles, he has also been active in copy-editing and fixing broken wiki-links. I believe that Schissel would make an excellent admin, due to his past work, and that the time is ripe for the community to promote him! Flcelloguy 02:43, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Candidate, please indicate acceptance of the nomination here: Accepted, thank you. Schissel : bowl listen 04:19, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Customary first vote as nominator. :) Flcelloguy 02:43, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support, without a doubt.  A superb contributor, smart and level-headed, and apt to be an equally superb admin. Antandrus  (talk)  02:45, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support. Sjakkalle (Check!)  06:25, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support. utcursch | talk 06:03, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Support, a courteous, sensible Wikipedian. --RobertG ♬ talk 14:27, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Support. --Kbdank71 14:47, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Support. I believe you are ready for the responsibilities of administrator. Bratsche talk  5 pillars 22:39, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Support. Has done excellent things for the classical music section of Wikipedia; I expect he'll use adminship wisely and well. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 23:24, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Support. --Missmarple 10:42, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Wow, Schissel, you do get around. Enthusiastically support. A Man In Black 22:26, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Support. Worthy contributions to the field of music. --Sn0wflake 01:30, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Support, same reasons as Mindspillage. Pavel Vozenilek 20:49, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 07:32, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Note : Boothy443 has opposed every single admin request on this page, failing to give a reason every time. If you would, Boothy443, kindly give us a reason for opposing every admin? Thanks! Flcelloguy [[Image:Bass clef2.gif|25px|Cello today?]] Give me a note! Eighth note (crop).gif Desk 21:05, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Because Boothy443 has opposed every adminship request on this page without reason, I have left him a polite comment/suggestion on his user talk page that he either provide reasons for his opposition or withdraw his votes. Flcelloguy [[Image:Bass clef2.gif|25px|Cello today?]] Give me a note! Eighth note (crop).gif Desk 21:22, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Neutral

Comments
 * Kate's Tool says 2186 edits --MikeJ9919 04:49, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. Rollback-reversion, blocking, perhaps temporary page protection. Reversion editing has occupied a bit of my time.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. Cello Sonata No. 1 (Brahms), Violin Sonata No. 1 (Schumann), and Symphony No. 6 (Nielsen) for giving these major works descriptions in adequate detail; Nikolai Myaskovsky for musical and biographical detail on a major Soviet-era pedagogue and composer.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
 * A. When disagreements here have led to stress rather than to productive discussions as has sometimes been the case, I've often found it best to try to remove myself from the person or situation if I can. When this is not possible judgment is called for, but recusing 'self is preferable! Schissel : bowl listen 04:19, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Day-later edit to answer to 3. The most serious conflicts I can remember that I have been involved in were over Categories and Templates; I created a Template that I shouldn't have, and did delay in asking for it to be deleted (also, the information I received which led me to do so arrived only awhile later, but I should not have assumed that state-produced images were public domain); by then a category had been created referring to the template. This seems to have been resolved. The other situations revolved around the category Category:Romanticism and may not be resolved as yet; I don't know. Schissel : bowl listen 02:43, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Harold Ford Sr.

Untitled
I would surely like to see a reference for the ballot box story. I know one part of it as is currently in the article is erroneous, the Shelby County Election Commission was never all, or even predominantly, Republicans, in 1974 or now; Tennessee law requires a majority on each county election commission to be members of the legislature's majority party, which from then until now has been Democratic. (Until the election of the first Republican governor in a half century in 1970, they were required to be members of the governor's party.) I would like to see evidence of this, such as a citiation to a newspaper article or some other reference. Rlquall 02:44, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think that he could have been on the House Assassinations Committee in his first term; that began January 3, 1975; the House Assassinations Committee began its work in 1977, I believe. Rlquall 02:19, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

NY?
The article remarks that Harold Ford Jr. returned from New York to Tennessee to run for Harold Ford Sr.'s congresstional seat in 1996. It's possible he might have been transitting through New York for some reason, but Harold Ford Jr. was attending law school at the University of Michigan in 1996. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.59.45.65 (talk) 19:42, 9 June 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Harold Ford Sr.


text:
Hartig Drug

Hartig Drug Stores is a chain of pharmacy/retail stores based out of Dubuque, Iowa. The company provides pharmacy services not only to the general public, but to area institutions as well. Along with this pharmacy focus, Hartig Drug stores offer convenience retail items. The company has operated for over 100 years; currently, it is the second-oldest family-run pharmacy chain in the United States.

History
Hartig Drug was founded in 1904 by A.J Hartig, upon graduation from pharmacy school at Northwestern University. Originally created in the likeness of the many drug stores prevalent in the Midwest at the time, it has since grown into regional chain of mixed retail stores and pharmacies.

The drug chain has a long history of progressive retail practices. In 1941, Hartig Drug opened the first Self-service drug store in Iowa, drawing more than 10,000 customers in its first two days of operation. It was also one of the first stores to hire women as pharmacists and store managers.

USA Drug affiliation
In 1999, Hartig Drug entered into a partnership with national retailer USA Drug as a supplier of generic-brand items. At the same time, some Hartig Drug stores were renamed "Hartig USA Drug" in recognition of the cooperative association. Although this association continues, Hartig Drug is not a franchise of USA Drug.

Current ownership
Hartig Drug has been owned by the same family since its creation in 1904. The current owner and chairman of the board is Richard J. Hartig. In 2001, Hartig hired Keith Bibelhausen as the first non-family president of the drug chain. In 2007, the store reported an employment of around 400 persons.

Location
Hartig Drug stores can be found in 21 different locations throughout eastern Iowa, northwest Illinois, and southwest Wisconsin.

Hartig Drug stores are generally characterized by a mix between retail store and pharmacy, similar to national chains like Walgreens. Stores offer items including Hallmark cards, gifts, sports themed merchandise, snack foods, beverages, photographic printing, beauty supplies and non-prescription medications (along with prescription drugs at the pharmacy counter).

National associations
Hartig Drug is a member of the National Community Pharmacists Association.

title: Hartig Drug


text:
Henry III, Count of Sayn

Henry III "the Great" (? – 1246) was the count of Sayn (1202–1246), a county located near the Sieg River in northern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Henry III shared the first year of his reign with his uncle, count Henry II, as he and his father Eberhard II had co-ruled the county. Gottfried II (Count of Sponheim) had been a regent from 1181 and continued until his death in 1220. John, count of Sponheim-Starkenburg, was regent from 1226 until Henry's death in 1246.

In 1233, Conrad of Marburg, Conrad Dorso and John the One-Eyed accused Henry of indulging in satanic orgies. Henry pleaded his case successfully to an assembly of bishops in Mainz and was acquitted. Conrad, however, refused to accept the verdict, but eventually left Mainz. While passing near Marburg, Conrad was ambushed and killed by a group of knights. It is unknown whether they were in the service of Henry.

Henry died in 1246. His county was inherited by his brother-in-law, count Eberhard III of Sponheim-Eberstein.

title: Henry III, Count of Sayn


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Jōsei Toda

Jōsei Toda (戸田 城聖) was a teacher, peace activist and second president of Soka Gakkai from 1951 to 1958. Imprisoned for two years during World War II under violating the Peace Preservation Law and the charge of lèse-majesté from against the war, he emerged from prison intent on rebuilding the Soka Gakkai. He has been described as the architect of the Soka Gakkai, the person chiefly responsible for its existence today.

Toda was the disciple of Tsunesaburō Makiguchi and mentor of Daisaku Ikeda, respectively the first and third presidents of the Soka Gakkai. He used the term "human revolution" to embrace Makiguchi's thoughts on the pursuits of education and happiness in life as "inextricably connected in a lifelong journey toward continual self-development." Toda's leadership in building the Soka Gakkai is the theme of Ikeda's 12-volume roman à clef, "The Human Revolution" ("Ningen kakumei")

Early life
Toda was born in 1900, the eleventh son of a fisherman's family in the coastal village of Shioya, in modern-day Kaga, Ishikawa, off the Sea of Japan. In 1904 his family moved to Hokkaido, settling in the fishing village of Atsuta. From the age of 15 he worked his way through school, earning certification first as a substitute primary school teacher at age 17 then, three years later, as a full-time primary school teacher. In 1920 he moved to Tokyo where he met Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, an elementary school principal, who was to become his mentor. He taught for Makiguchi until 1922, after which he opened a private school and tutored students preparing for their middle-school entrance exams.

Toda and his wife suffered the loss of a six-month old daughter in 1923 and his wife died two years later from tuberculosis. Toda contracted the same illness and was often ill.

His financial fortunes changed with the successful publication and reception of his arithmetic tutorial book.

Personality
After he began teaching in Yubari, young coalminers in the area would come to his home after work to discuss issues such as politics and history. It is documented that he also submitted an education reform proposal to the Ministry of Education containing ideas to improve the conditions of teachers as well as developing more capable school leaders. According to a diary entry in 1920, part of his reason for moving from Hokkaido to Tokyo was an ambition to become "a world citizen."

Toda's vivid personality stood in stark contrast to that of his mentor, Tsunesaburo Makiguchi who was a scholar and pedagogue. Toda has been described as "a hard-sell pitchman for his faith--frank, vigorous, often rude, talkative. He had the ability to vividly and strongly articulate the ideas of Nichiren and Makiguchi. Toda also evidenced strength in organizational innovation, in establishing a grid of vertical and horizontal communication lines that lent cohesiveness to the Soka Gakkai's organizational structure.

Educator
Although Toda's work in education is best known through his editing and financing Makiguchi's System of Value-Creating Pedagogy, he was also active as a teacher and author.

Early work as an educator
Toda's first teaching assignment was at Mayachi Primary School, located in a remote section of Ubari, Hokkaido, a coal-mining town. He started working there in 1918 as a substitute teacher and a year later was appointed as a 6th grade teacher upon passing a certification exam. He quit suddenly in 1920 but remained in correspondence with his students for 15 years.

The most exhaustive treatment of Toda's educational ideas is by Shiohara. According to Shiohara, Toda derived a teaching method from his own research specifically geared to meet the needs of his Miyachi elementary school students, who came from disadvantaged backgrounds and suffered low grades.

Makiguchi hired Toda as a substitute teacher at Nishimachi Elementary School. Toda changed positions in order to keep working with Makiguchi when the latter was forcefully transferred to Mikasa Elementary School, a school for poorer students in Tokyo.

Jishu Gakkan
Rather than traveling with Makiguchi to Shirokane Elementary School when Makiguchi was forcefully transferred again, Toda opened an tutorial school called Jishu Gakkan where he applied value-creating pedagogy in an independent setting. Toda rented a vacant lot near Meguro Station and built a two-story facility which formally opened in 1924. Jishu Gakkan operated for two decades, earning a prominent reputation for its success rate in preparing pupils for secondary-level entrance examinations.

Toda used a liberal and creative approach to study developed in consultation with Makiguchi. Ikeda described Jishu Gakkan in the opening chapter of his semi-fictionalized biography of Toda.

Publication of "The System of Value-Creating Pedagogy"
Makiguchi's major work, The System of Value-Creating Pedagogy, was published on November 18, 1930. This event marks the day the Soka Gakkai considers as its founding. Makiguchi parallels Toda's role in publishing this book to that of Christen Mikkelsen Kold who popularized the educational ideas of N. F. S. Grundtvig in Denmark. Toda organized Makiguchi's enormous volume of scribbled notes into a manuscript which then Makiguchi thoroughly reviewed. The System of Value-Creating Pedagogy was ultimately published by Fuzanbo, of which Taizo Oinuma, the publisher of Makiguchi's Geography of Human Life, was a manager. Four volumes were published between 1930 and 1932. During the difficult years of publishing, Toda also organized the parents of many of his Jishu Gakkan students who were also students at Shirokane Elementary School to protest and ultimately delay Makiguchi's forced retirement from Shirokane. As a result, Makiguchi was able to publish the first two volumes as an incumbent school principal, just as he wished.

Toda was active in creating a prominent group of 28 supporters who endorsed The System of Value-Creating Pedagogy including Tsuyoshi Inukai, who was to rise to become prime minister of Japan in 1931. The first volume of The System of Value-Creating Pedagogy included a calligraphy by Inukai as well as forewords by Inazo Nitobe, who at that time was one of the Under-Secretaries General of the League of Nations, sociologist Suketoshi Tanabe, and the folklorist Kunio Yanagita.

Additional educational publications
Toda's first published work, Katei Kyoikugaku Soron (An Anatomy of Home Education: Talking about entrance exams for middle level school, and turning our precious children into straight-A students), published in December 1929, was based on Makiguchi's work before the publishing of The System of Value-Creating Pedagogy. He forcefully denounced "entrance examination hell" and the predicament of students who are devalued because of their poor grades. He blames teachers who try to educate children uniformly, ignoring their unique interests and perspectives. In 1930 he published the Suirisiki Sido Sanjutsu (Guidebook to Mathematics Through Reasoning based on the principles of Value-Creating Pedagogy). This became a best seller selling over one million copies. Makiguchi credited this book as being an excellent example of his theories, resulting in "an economy to learning," helping students achieve remarkable progress in the development of mathematical understanding as they develop their own powers of reasoning, and fostering their abilities to reason their way to "the life of value."

Toda also founded and edited an educational magazine dedicated to spreading and promoting Value-Creating Pedagogy entitled Shinshin Kyozai Kankyo (New Teaching Material: The Environment). The educational magazine continued as a series for more than six years, changing its title to New Collection of Teaching Materials, to New Teaching Materials, and, finally, to Educational Remodeling. In these research magazines he helped elementary school teachers to put Makiguchi's pedagogy into practice.

In addition to these editing and publishing assignments, Toda wrote two works, Guidelines for Teaching Mathematics and The Establishment of the System of Value-Creating Pedagogy, both based on the principles of value-creating education. He expanded his methodologies to other fields. He published four books for fifth and sixth graders entitled Guidance on Reading Through Reasoning. Although never published, he edited the book Guidance on the Three Subjects of Science, Geography and History, which applied the system of Value-Creating Pedagogy to these fields. His final pre-war contribution to education came in the January of 1940; Toda launched a magazine for learning, entitled Shogakusei Nihon (Elementary School Children Japan) which included correspondence materials. In each issue, he contributed a foreword and poured his passion into editing duties. He managed this despite strict restrictions imposed in the nation's system of militarism support.

Co-founder of Soka Kyoiku Gakkai
Following Makiguchi, Toda began practicing Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism some time between 1928 and 1930, which brought a "spiritual dimension" to their work on Makiguchi's educational theories and underlying premise that each individual has potential. Apparently Toda was initially not as eager as Makiguchi in his new faith but, out of respect and gratitude, followed his mentor's direction and attributed his personal successes to Makiguchi's teachings of modern philosophy combined with lay Nichiren Buddhism.

Toda supported the editing and publication of Makiguchi's Sōka kyōikugaku taikei ("The System of Value-Creating Pedagogy") which was published in 1930 and marked the founding of the Sōka Kyōiku Gakkai ("Value Creation Education Society"), the organization that preceded the Soka Gakkai.

It appears that Toda financed much of the operations of the Soka Kyoiku Gakkai singlehandedly. His pre-war net worth was more than ¥6,000,000, approximately 9,500,000USD in today's currency. Toda served as chairperson of the board of directors. His tutoring school had signage above the door bearing the name of the Soka Kyoiku Gakkai, perhaps indicating that it was used as the organization's convening place. He did cite his faith as the reason for his business success.

Although he provided financial support to the Soka Kyoiku Gakkai, Toda appeared to be more interested in his business activities. He expanded his holdings to control 17 companies. He enjoyed drinking parties with his employees and Soka Kyoiku Gakkai members.

Imprisonment during World War II
Makiguchi and Toda were arrested and jailed by the government in 1943 on charges of blasphemy against the deified emperor (lèse-majesté) and violating the 1925 Peace Preservation Law. At first intended to suppress "thought crimes" of left-leaning groups, the law was amended in 1941 to include religious organizations. Toda and Makiguchi were among the approximate 80,000 people arrested for violating this law between 1925 and 1945. A total of 21 Soka Kyoiku Gakkai leaders were arrested and this effectively shuttered the Soka Kyoiku Gakkai organization. Makiguchi died in prison in 1944, and Toda was released just weeks before Japan's surrender in 1945.

During his incarceration Toda endured malnutrition, interrogation and physical abuse without succumbing to his interrogators' demand that he recant his faith. At the start of 1944 Toda began meditating, studying, and chanting fiercely to understand the Lotus Sutra. He experienced two awakenings that had an enduring effect on the rest of his life. The first was a realization in March that the Buddha can be conceived of as "the essence of cosmic life itself" and therefore an inherent dignity shared by all human beings, which resulted in the quality of fearlessness in Toda's life. A second awakening took place in November 1944 when he became convinced that he was, in fact, one of the Bodhisattvas of the Earth, the mythic figures who appear in the Lotus Sutra and symbolize the inherent compassionate qualities within all people. From this realization Toda envisioned modern prospects of a movement whereby people awaken to life's inherent dignity and teach others to do the same.

He was released from prison on July 3, 1945, in failing health, severely impacted by malnutrition and harsh living conditions. Yet his prison experiences enabled him to undergo an inner transformation that brought to light his qualities of courage, wisdom, compassion, as well as an enhanced capacity for dialogue.

Reconstructor of Soka Gakkai
Released from prison on July 3, 1945, six weeks before the surrender of Japan on August 15, and physically weakened by his two years of imprisonment, Toda began reconstructing the Soka Kyoiku Gakkai.

His first task was to rebuild his businesses which he saw as the financial underpinning of the new organization. During the war he had accumulated more than ¥2,000,000 of debt. He attempted businesses starting with correspondence courses. The post-war business climate was tumultuous and racked by inflation and scarcity of materials. Many of his ventures met with failure.

News of his release began to spread and many prewar members came to consult with him to rebuild their personal faith. Toda began to sponsor study lectures on the Lotus Sutra and Nichren's writings and he presided over small group discussion meetings. On May 1 Toda was appointed chair of the board of directors. The organization name was changed from Soka Kyoiku Gakkai to Soka Gakkai, publications resumed, a youth division was organized, and membership grew by about 200 members in 1946. On August 14, 1947, Daisaku Ikeda attended a discussion meeting and met Toda; he joined the Soka Gakkai ten days later.

Ultimately Toda had to resign his position on November 12, 1950, due to his business failures. He regarded these business failures as "divine retribution for failure to devote himself to leading Soka Gakkai." After deep reflection he assented to the role of second president on May 3, 1951. At that time the membership consisted of approximately 3,000 families. At his inauguration he announced to the 1500 assembled members his determination to reach a membership of 750,000 families before his death, a target that was met with disbelief from most of the attendees.

Toda's contributions to the growth of the Soka Gakkai
Toda made several important and lasting contributions to the Soka Gakkai.

Initiator of the movement's doctrine of "the oneness of mentor and disciple"
Toda's accomplishments as the second president of the Soka Gakkai are a crucial link in the Soka Gakkai lineage referred to as "the oneness of mentor and disciple. Toda was the only one of Makiguchi's disciples who did not disavow his faith and so remained in prison. He inherited the legacy of Makiguchi and transformed the group, which had collapsed during the war, into a mass movement dedicated to personal and societal transformation. In so doing he reshaped Makiguchi's philosophy of value creation to the pressing needs of people in postwar Japan. He formed a "living bond between Makiguchi and Ikeda." Over the course of eleven years of training, he raised Daisaku Ikeda who then led the Soka Gakkai for over 50 years.

Strand notes that most religious movements have a trio of founders, corresponding to the three phases of "creation, development, and stabilization". In the case of the Soka Gakkai Makiguchi's was the act of creation. Toda took on the difficult work of formation. He provided the crucial link between the initiator, Makiguchi, and Ikeda who led the third task of international evangelism.

Delineator of the Soka Gakkai's "life philosophy"
Early traces of Toda's "life philosophy" can be found in his first published textbook, An Anatomy of Home Education, as well as his most successful textbook, A Deductive Guide to Arithmetic.

Toda's epiphanous realizations in 1943 and 1944, while confined to a cell in Sugamo prison, conceptually linked the vitalistic, inexhaustible "life force" of the Buddha and his sense of mission as among the Bodhisattvas of the Earth with Makiguchi's philosophy. Toda equated this with "the true meaning of life."

Later Toda captured these realizations in the term "human revolution" which entailed transforming one's karma through Buddhist practice. This term was borrowed from a phrased used by Shigeru Nambara, president of the University of Tokyo, in 1947. The latter called for an inner transformation in the Japanese people to enable the success of occupation policies geared for social and political revolution. Toda used this term as the title of his autobiography published in 1957.

After his release, Toda lectured and wrote extensively about his realizations, now calling them a "life force philosophy" (also translated as "philosophy of life") ("seimeiron"). As McLaughlin concludes: "When Toda emerged from prison half a year later, he was driven not only by obligation to the memory of his master Makiguchi but by a sense of mission confirmed during his mystical experience that he was personally connected to Nichiren, to the primordial Buddha Śākyamuni, and to the eternal Dharma."

Publisher of Nichiren's complete works
Toda believed that the wartime collapse of the Soka Kyoiku Gakkai was due to a weakness in the "doctrinal discipline of its members." According to McLaughlin, upon his 1951 inauguration and declaration of "The Great Shakubuku March," his first priority was quickly publishing doctrinal study materials. In preparation, he shifted the contents of his study lectures from explanations on the Lotus Sutra to studies on Nichiren's writings. He also created a Study Department consisting of 24 leading students who also gave local lectures.

The first product of the Study Department was Shakubuku kyoten (The Shakubuku Manual), published on November 18, 1951, which served to instruct members on how it exceeded other belief systems, and Makiguchi's theory of value. It spelled out the benefits of proselytizing and also provided detailed guidance about how to proselytize under different circumstances. The manual underwent eight editions and 39 printings, and included chapters on Makiguchi's theory of value and Toda's "philosophy of life."

The second project Toda undertook was the collection of the extant writings of Nichiren. Throughout its 700-year history, Nichiren Shoshu, although claiming it was the orthodox teaching of Nichiren, had not produced its own canon of Nichiren's writings and had to rely on collections produced by other sects. Often these collections omitted writings of Nichiren the sect deemed as essential, such as the Ongi Kuden (The Record of the Orally Transmitted Teachings). Toda offered to sponsor a definitive publication of Nichiren's writings based on the beliefs of Nichiren Shoshu. The work was completed in less than a year by members of the Study Department under the supervision of Nichiko Hori, the retired 59th high priest of Nichiren Shoshu. The resulting one-volume compilation, Shimpen Nichiren Daishonin gosho zenshu (New Edition of the Complete Writings of Nichiren Daishonin), was published on April 28, 1952, to commemorate the 700th anniversary of Nichiren's proclamation of his teachings in 1253, and remains the Soka Gakkai's most important source for its Nichiren Buddhist practice.

Initiator of a Youth Division
Soon after his inauguration, Toda created a section called the "Young Men's Division" on July 11, 1951. Its inaugural meeting consisted of 187 members who were divided into four "corps." Among the attendees was Daisaku Ikeda who was to become Toda's successor. In Toda's speech he outlined his vision that the young men would lead his propagation campaign, comparing them to the youth who were the vanguard of the Meiji Restoration. The "Young Women's Division" was formed on July 19, 1951, with seventy members organized into five corps.

According to McLaughlin, this was Toda's second key initiative toward achieving his propagation goal: "attracting and mobilizing a youth base ... charged with primary responsibility to achieve the spread of kosen rufu."

The aggressive propagation style of the Youth Division, which also employed military-sounding organizational terms including "corps commander" and "staff office," drew increasingly alarmist press coverage. In addition to propagating the religion to neighbors, Youth Division members challenged other sects to religious debates. Though their propagation efforts were depicted by one scholar as "belligerent, activist, and ideological", the Youth Division grew exponentially, reaching a 10,390 members by the end of 1954.

Architect of the Soka Gakkai movement, a practical Buddhism
According to McLaughlin, Toda's third initiative for the Great March of Shakubuku was creating a vision of Buddhism that is practical and attainable. To the people of the tumultuous post-war period, Toda used language that was optimistic and focused on progress. He spoke in an intuitive rather than esoteric way, for example referring to the Gohonzon as "a happiness-producing machine." He spoke to the real problems members were facing such as economic woes, illness, and family discord, stressing the fundamentals of chanting daimoku and conversion.

Shimazono states that the doctrines developed by Toda represent a significant departure from the theology of the Nichiren Shoshu sect as well as of the Gakkai's founder, Makiguchi. Toda's vision, reshaping the traditional teachings of Nichiren Shoshu, was one of this-worldly salvation similar to other modern and popular Buddhist movements. Toda stressed that practice of Nichiren Buddhism, of which propagation efforts were an essential component, would result in secular benefits. In fact, he stressed that faith must be actualized through victories in daily life.

Membership grew rapidly under Toda's leadership, to more than 750,000 households by December 25, 1957, just months before his death on April 2, 1958.

Scholars have put forth different theories to account for Toda's success in building the Soka Gakkai. The media have pointed to aggressive propagation which sometimes resulted in violent removal of other religious artifacts from the homes of new members. The author questions, in contemporary terms, whether forced activities could result in the spontaneous actions needed to sustain a campaign.

Other scholars point to the success in finding a willing and sympathetic substratum of society to serve as its base. Toda made repeated references to "the poor and the sick," making it evident that his propagation campaign was aimed at such people and, Murata concludes, "evidently, for many of them, their new faith worked." Media impressions also portrayed the Soka Gakkai as "a conglomeration of lower social elements —the working class, the less educated, the low in status." According to Dower, after the war the Japanese population displayed a "kyodatsu condition," a mass state of personal and collective disorientation and depression characterized by war-weariness, sickness, malnutrition, numbness, and despair as many people poured into cities in search of work and food. To these people Toda's reconceptualization of a Buddha with life force and his focus on Buddhism as a transformative force in culture and politics had appeal which resulted in rapid growth in the early 1950s.

White, on the other hand, recognizes the unique personality of Toda and its effect on youth: to them he was "the great master, the transmitter of the teachings, the commander and guide." Metraux emphasizes Toda's ability to empathize with and counsel the suffering people of his time; he had strong organizational abilities and work ethic. Seager highlights the unique fit between Toda and a new generation of youth that enabled the Soka Gakkai to develop into a dynamic force, more specifically, the relationship between an ailing Toda and an energetic Ikeda.

Advocate for nuclear disarmament
On February 17, 1952, for example, Toda introduced his concept of "chikyu minzoku shugi," variously translated as "global nationalism" or "one-worldism." Author Olivier Urbain suggests that a modern-day equivalent would be "global citizenship," by which Toda advocated a worldview that prioritizes the interests of humanity above the interests of the state.

Addressing an assembly of 50,000 Soka Gakkai youth members on September 8, 1957, Toda issued a declaration for abolishing nuclear weapons as his will to future generations. At little more than a page of text, it was a succinct statement to the effect that there is neither victor nor humanity in any nuclear confrontation, overturning the Cold War logic of nuclear deterrence and its underlying denial that "we, the citizens of the world, have an inviolable right to live." This "Toda Declaration", proclaiming nuclear weapons to be "the ultimate evil of mankind, our numbed and remorseless readiness to deprive others of their inviolable right to live," remains the guiding principle of the Soka Gakkai peace movement.

In discussing the Russell-Einstein Manifesto with Daisaku Ikeda, Sir Joseph Rotblat characterized Toda's denunciation of nuclear arms as a "moral approach." Toda's analysis and approach toward nuclear disarmament have gained traction and form.

Aggressive proselytizing
Toda adopted an aggressive method of proselytizing, based on shakubuku (折伏), "as an 'active' way to bring the 'true faith' to all in the shortest possible time," or a method described as "to criticize and to convince". It resulted in widespread criticism in the popular press and also by other Buddhist sects. By some accounts, overenthusiastic members were responsible for excessive activities despite the cautions of Toda.

Other scholars are skeptical of the interpretation that the growth of the Soka Gakkai under Toda's leadership could be simply ascribed to forced conversion. Some point to the organization's growth as the product of Toda's organizational acumen. During the rebuilding years of 1945–50 Toda reassembled prewar members, changed the organization's name to Soka Gakkai, developed organizational infrastructure, and began laying a foundation for propagation.

Toda's programmatic approach to doctrinal teachings and organizational form as well as his keen social observations created a proselyting movement that was characterized as both militant and vigorous yet highly successful throughout the organization's rapid growth period. Toda was also effective in incorporating the powerful imagery of classical literature into his discussions and actions. For example, Toda named the young men select training group he formed the "Suiko Kai," Water Margin Club, named after the novel attributed to Shi Nai'an, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, written in vernacular Chinese rather than Classical Chinese. His intention was to inspire the group of young men to aspire the group of 108 heroic outlaws depicted in the novel. He encouraged the young men in this group and the young women in the accompanying "Kaiyo Kai" group to read classical works such as Hugo's Ninety-Three, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Caine's The Eternal City, Dumas' The Count of Monte Cristo, and Gogol's Taras Bulba. In this vein, in October 1954, Toda is said to have made a speech to over 10,000 Gakkai members while mounted on a white horse, proclaiming: "We must consider all religions our enemies, and we must destroy them."

A case in point was Ikeda's conversion through his meeting Toda in 1947. Disaffected by the imperial state's war propaganda, Ikeda was apparently impressed by the fact that Toda went to prison for his beliefs as much as Toda's reflective clarity of message in their encounter.

In 1997, Ikeda clarified that the method of propagation of Nichiren Buddhism depends upon the locality and the times, and that in dialogue with other faiths, "Our task is to bring forth the inherent goodness in people's hearts and, based on the concerns we share as human beings, work together in our own capacities for peace and happiness."

Relationship with Nichiren Shoshu
Toda's relationship with Nichiren Shoshu went through many ups and downs throughout his Soka Gakkai presidency.

Early relationship
Toda began his presidency with a determination to build closer cooperation with Nichiren Shoshu even though his appraisal of the school was at times critical. He often spoke of "bad priests" and his wartime experiences led him to conclude that his faith was stronger than that of some of the priests. On May 12, 1951, Toda requested from High Priest Nissho a special Gohonzon for attaining the organization's goal of propagation which was bestowed on May 20, 1951, and enshrined in the Soka Gakkai headquarters. On November 18, 2013, this Gohonzon was moved and enshrined at the newly constructed "Hall of the Great Vow" near the Soka Gakkai's headquarters in Tokyo; members from around the world visit and chant to this Gohonzon.

Tanuki incident
In particular Toda was extremely critical of Jimon Ogasawara, an ultranationalist priest. Providing context to the prewar situation, Montgomery explains: "During the Pacific War, most religions supported the militaristic policies of the Japanese government. While some religions did so in order to avoid political oppression, it seems that in the end most religions in Japan became permeated with the ultranationalistic spirit and supported the war effort rather voluntarily. In particular, the Nichiren tradition of Buddhism produced thinkers such as Chigaku Tanaka or Jimon Ogasawara, who, drawing on the political aspects of Nichiren's teaching, created ultranationalist ideologies legitimizing Japanese military policies of expansionism and colonization. These ideologies were then adopted by many Japanese religions. Reiyukai, which, through schismatic movements, produced many New Religions, such as Rissho Koseikai, was one of those religions which embraced Tanaka's ideology and, thus, avoided wartime oppression." Ogasawara also articulated an amalgam of Buddhism and Shinto, claiming that Buddhist deities were only manifestations of the true Shinto deities, thus placing Shinto superior to Buddhism. By supporting Ogasawara's ideology, Nichiren Shoshu managed to avoid the wartime government's goal of unifying all Nichiren groups. Toda held that Ogasawara was primarily responsible for the government repression of the Soka Kyoiku Gakkai, his and Makiguchi's imprisonment, and, ultimately, Makiguchi's death. In 1942 Ogasawara was expelled from Nichiren Shoshu.

One incident occurred in 1952 which tarnished the reputation of the young Soka Gakkai movement. On the eve of April 28, 1952, a special commemorative event was held at the head temple to honor the 700th anniversary of Nichiren's declaration of his school with 4,000 Soka Gakkai members in attendance. As it turns out, Ogasawara had been secretly readmitted to the priesthood without the knowledge of the Soka Gakkai and was present at the event. When Ogasawara's presence was discovered, a group of 47 young men, with the participation of Toda and Ikeda, confronted him and demanded an apology for his wartime actions. Holte conjectures that 47 youth were chosen to draw a parallel to the Japanese tale of the Forty-seven Ronin. During this confrontation Ogasawara kicked Toda and Toda struck him twice. Ogasawara refused to apologize for his actions during the war or recant his doctrines.

The young men then seized Ogasawara, tore off his priestly robe, and forcibly carried him to Makiguchi's grave with a placard inscribed "Tanuki Bozu" (Raccoon Monk) placed on him. Under duress he signed a letter of apology at the gravesite. Ogasawara filed a complaint with the authorities against Soka Gakkai for assault and battery and later a complaint with the high priest. After Toda's apology, and with Ogasawara's lawsuit against Nissho, public sentiment turned against him and he withdrew both complaints.

Additional accounts of the incident provide more details. Brannen notes that Toda was temporarily banned from entering the temple. Shimada informs that though no legal action was taken, this incident helped establish a public view of the organization as a violent cult, a reputation which has abated over the years. The Soka Gakkai has never denied the factual events of the story but has provided its own narrative about the incident. Ikeda gives an almost 40-page explanation of the incident in The Human Revolution, his fictionalized biography of Toda.

Later relationship
The incident did not strain relationships between Toda and Nichiren Shoshu for a long time. The day following the incident, April 28, 1952, Toda published the first edition of the Complete Works of the Great Sage Nichiren (Shinpen Nichiren Daishōnin gosho zenshū), a single-volume collection of Nichiren's writings that continues to serve as the organization's primary source for its Buddhist practice. Several months later, in November 1952, Nissho, the high priest of Taiseki-ji, reprimanded Toda for the April 27th incident. Toda responded with an article entitled "Apology" printed in the Soka Gakkai's newspaper. In May 1955, Ogasawara issued a pamphlet in which he repented his indiscretion in having had the conflict with the Soka Gakkai. As time went on Nichiren Shoshu prospered as never before due to financial support from the Soka Gakkai and pilgrimages by members.

In 1952, the Soka Gakkai was legally registered as a religious organization in Japan, overcoming some initial resistance from Nichiren Shoshu clerics. At the end of that year, at the seventh Soka Gakkai general meeting, Nichijun Horigome, who was to become the 65th high priest of the order, stated, "I entrust the great propagation of the Law to the members of the Soka Gakkai."

Starting in 1954, Toda financed and donated to Nichiren Shoshu the first three of many local temples. He provided funding for the restoration of Taisekiji's Five-Storied Pagoda and the Somon Gate. In 1955, he constructed on the Taisekiji site the Hoan-den to house the Dai Gohonzon and the Grand Lecture Hall in 1958. (The latter building was demolished by Nichiren Shoshu in 1995.) On New Year's Day 1956, Nichijun made highly complimentary statements about the Soka Gakkai Toda had built.

Despite his support for Nichiren Shoshu, Toda kept a wary eye on priests. In 1951, he tells in his own hand, in an essay entitled "The History and Conviction of the Soka Gakkai," his experience before the war, his realizations during his imprisonment, his efforts to rebuild the Soka Gakkai, and his concerns for the future. In this essay he expresses praise for Nissho, the high priest at that time, but also issues strong cautions about degenerate priests.

Toda died on April 2, 1958. Nichijun, at the eighth general meeting of the Soka Gakkai held one month later, eulogized Toda stating: "It was President Toda who, as their leader, called forth those bodhisattvas; it was in the Soka Gakkai that they gathered. In other words, it was President Toda who manifested the five and seven characters of Myoho-renge-kyo as 750,000 [bodhisattvas]." Upon his death, Toda was given the title-rank of "Chief of all the preachers of the Hokkekyo" by Nichinjun, who said Toda was "considered to be the greatest among laymen."

Death
Toda died on 2 April 1958, while the funeral was held at his home and the coffin was afterwards carried to the Nichiren Shōshū Jozai-ji temple in Ikebukuro, where he was buried. Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi and the Education Minister Matsunaga attended the Soka Gakkai funeral held in Tokyo on April 20, where 250,000 members from Japan and overseas gathered. Event news coverage asserted that although the two government officials were not members, "they bowed to some two million voters behind the altar." For two years after Toda's death, there was a leadership vacuum and the Gakkai had no president, as it was unclear if anyone was able to replace him.

Legacy
After World War II, Toda transformed the Soka Gakkai into "a national phenomenon," increasing its membership exponentially and positioning it as "a grassroots social movement that championed peace and the rights of ordinary people." Although the movement was derided as one composed of "the poor and sick," Toda taught his members that such criticism was a source of pride. Toda revitalized the traditional teachings and practices of Nichiren Shoshu so they became vital for people in the modern age. Toda firmly aligned the Soka Gakkai movement with a commitment to peace in the secular world.

Toda is recognized by scholars to be the primary influence on Ikeda. In turn, Ikeda describes the impact of Toda on his life in numerous published dialogues he has conducted with leading intellects.

A number of awareness-raising initiatives by the Soka Gakkai International and its president can be traced back to Toda's 1957 call for the sake of "we, the citizens of the world" to ban both nuclear arms and the logic behind their existence. These initiatives include: the exhibit "Nuclear Arms: Threat to Our World," created in the 1980s with support from the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; the campaign People's Decade for Nuclear Abolition, launched in 2007 with the exhibit "From a Culture of Violence to a Culture of Peace: Toward a World Free From Nuclear Weapons"; and the exhibit "Everything You Treasure – For a World Free From Nuclear Weapons," launched in 2012 at the 20th World Congress of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War with support from the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons.

Toda's call for nuclear disarmament currently takes institutional form in the Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research which was founded in 1996 by Ikeda. The institute promotes peace research through the organization of conferences, the publication of books, and of the yearly journal Peace & Policy. The Toda Institute focuses on three main themes: Human Security and Human Rights, Dialogue and Nonviolent Conflict Transformation, and Global Governance and World Citizenship. It seeks concrete solutions to three main issues: Abolition of Nuclear Weapons, UN Reform, and Sustainable Peace through Environmental Integrity and Social Justice.

Toda's experiences in prison as well as his efforts to build the Soka Gakkai are chronicled in two films by Japanese film director Toshio Masuda, the 1973 film The Human Revolution (Ningen Kakumei) and a 1976 sequel, The Human Revolution II (Zoku Ningen Kakumei), both starring and produced by Toho.

title: Jōsei Toda


text:
Talk:Dan Kuykendall

Untitled
References for the dumspter story would be nice. Rlquall 02:48, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

No all-Republican election commissions in Tennessee

 * No Tennessee election commission is or ever has been all-Republican. Until 1971, the law declared that there would be three members from the majority party and two from the minority party, with the party of the governor being the "majority", which worked well from a Democratic standpoint, as all governors elected between 1922 and 1970 were Democrats.  In 1970, Republican Winfield Dunn was elected governor, but a Democratic majority was returned to the General Assembly.  Almost immediately upon its being convened in 1971, it voted to redefine "majority" as being the party with a majority of both houses of the General Assembly combined.  This has been a Democratic majority until the present.  Thusly, there has never been an all-Republican, or even Republican-majority, election commission in Tennessee.  What the Shelby County Election Commission may have been at the time is all-white; i'm not really sure of its racial makeup at the time.  I'm correcting this, but will admit that it is possible that one or more white Democrats of the era might well have preferred a Congressman of a different party but the same race to one of the same party but a differnt race; however that's a diffent matter than the erroneous story given here up till now.   Rlquall 02:42, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dan Kuykendall


text:
Creature (Moist album)

Creature is the second studio album by Canadian alternative rock band Moist, released in 1996. It features the singles "Leave It Alone", "Resurrection", "Tangerine", and "Gasoline", all of which were hits in Canada. The album was nominated for Album of the Year and Rock Album of the Year at the 1998 Juno Awards.

Commercial performance
Creature debuted at #7 on The Record's Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified triple Platinum in Canada in 1997. Between 1996 and 2016, Creature was among the top forty best-selling albums by Canadian artists in that country.

Track listing
All songs written by Moist

Singles

 * "Leave It Alone"
 * "Resurrection"
 * "Tangerine"
 * "Gasoline"

Trivia

 * "Ophelia" is featured on the first edition of MuchMusic's Big Shiny Tunes, which was released in 1996.
 * "Tangerine" won two MuchMusic Video Awards, for Best Director and Best Video in 1997.

Credits

 * David Usher – vocals
 * Mark Makoway – guitars
 * Kevin Young – keyboards
 * Jeff Pearce – bass
 * Paul Wilcox – drums
 * Matt Watkins – trumpet on "Creature"
 * Claude Lamothe – cello on "Tangerine"

title: Creature (Moist album)


text:
Category talk:American philosophers

Untitled
Please see Category Talk:Philosophers by geography. Buffyg 02:50, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:American philosophers


text:
Category talk:African philosophers

Please see Category Talk:Philosophers by geography. Buffyg 02:51, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:African philosophers


text:
Category talk:Australian philosophers

Phil cats
Please see Category Talk:Philosophers by geography. Buffyg 02:52, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Australian philosophers


text: Category:Flemish philosophers

title: Category:Flemish philosophers


text: User talk:68.83.40.127

title: User talk:68.83.40.127


text:
Pilot fish

The pilot fish (Naucrates ductor) is a carnivorous fish of the trevally, or jackfish family, Carangidae. It is widely distributed and lives in warm or tropical open seas.

Description
The pilot fish congregates around sharks, rays, and sea turtles, where it eats ectoparasites on, and leftovers around, the host species; younger pilot fish are usually associated with jellyfish and drifting seaweeds. They are also known to follow ships, sometimes for long distances; one was found in County Cork, Ireland, and many pilot fish have been sighted on the shores of England. Their fondness for ships led the ancients to believe that they would navigate a ship to its desired course.

The pilot fish's colour is between dark blue and blackish-silver, with the belly being lighter in colour. The pilot fish is also known to have a temporary variation of colour when excited; its dark-coloured bars disappear, and its body turns silvery-white, with three broad blue patches on its back. It can be recognised by its five to seven distinctive traverse bands, which are of a much darker colour than the rest of the body. The pilot fish can grow up to 60–70 cm in length.

The pilot fish is edible and is said to taste good,  but it is rarely available due to its erratic behaviour when caught.

While pilot fish can be seen with all manner of sharks, they prefer accompanying the oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus. The pilot fish's relationship with sharks is a mutualist one; the pilot fish gains protection from predators, while the shark gains freedom from parasites. It was often said by sailors that sharks and pilot fish share something like a "close companionship"; there were even tales of this fish following ships which had captured "their" shark for up to six weeks and showing signs of distress in its absence.

It is rare that a shark will feed on a pilot fish, and smaller pilot fish are frequently observed swimming into sharks' mouths to clean away fragments of food from between their teeth.

Etymology and metaphors
There are a few possible, conflicting etymologies for the term "pilot fish". One is that seafaring people believed that pilot fish, which would appear around the bow of their ships when they were close to land, were leading (or piloting) them back to port. An alternative etymology is that pilot fish were once, erroneously, thought to be piloting sharks to food, or even (as legends have it) piloting ships, whales and swimmers to safety.

The pilot fish is sometimes used as a metaphor or simile; "they are like the pilot fish to the shark, serving to lead him to his victim". Pilot fish are also used as a metaphor or simile for scavengers or looters which accompany a greater threat.

In myth
In Greek mythology a sailor called Pompilus helped the nymph Ocyrhoe when she was fleeing away from the god Apollo. The sailor moved the nymph from Miletus to Samos and the god punished him by making him a pilot fish.

Pancrates of Arcadia stated that it was a sacred fish in honour to Poseidon and that it was forbidden to eat it: actually a fisherman called Epopeus ate it and paid for his audacity with his life.

title: Pilot fish


text:
Talk:Meanings of minor-planet names

Auto-grey redirects via Lua?
I saw this and thought I could write a small helper template, like Meanings of minor planet names/Grey, that will check the page for a redirect and return the necessary table wikitext to grey it out, and otherwise return normal table wikitext. What do you think? ~ Tom.Reding (talk ⋅dgaf) 11:55, 6 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Hi . Sure, go for it!  R fassbind  – talk  12:53, 6 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Also consider to reuse some of your new code for the templates and, where automatic #R-detection and greying-out links could be applied as well, I think.   R fassbind  – talk  13:08, 6 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes, between the helper template & LinkCatIfExists2, I believe I can cover all cases.  ~ Tom.Reding (talk ⋅dgaf)  13:53, 6 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Totally forgot about this, but finally got around to it, via MoMP index element...  ~ Tom.Reding (talk ⋅dgaf)  22:01, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

External links in lists
Hi, would it be possible to turn all the references on the subpages (the lists) to proper references with. I find it confusing that these pages have a different system and use other symbols. Including other information about the url such as name and archive url also helps the verifiability long term. See also Bare URLs. Dajasj (talk) 05:56, 20 September 2023 (UTC)

 * I agree. These should be turned into proper citations. Rublamb (talk) 14:42, 22 November 2023 (UTC)

Rating partial MoMP lists & redirects
I think having the partial lists classified as list from inception is the best option (as opposed to redirect or <blank>), whether or not they are currently a redirect, or have already been turned into a proper list. 2 reasons for this: One of the goals, I think, is to minimize the steps necessary to bring a page out of dormancy as a redirect to a proper list, which list does, with no real downside. Ping to who has done some recent rating here. ~ Tom.Reding (talk ⋅dgaf) 14:30, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
 * 1) the category output of WikiProject banner shell is the same for both #Rs and for proper lists (easily tested on non-#R &  examples) due to its redirect-detection
 * 2) using redirect or <blank> places the page into 4 unassessed WikiProject categories (list, ast, astro, & ss) once the page becomes a proper list, which adds more work to be done after a page is converted from a redirect, and into  if redirect is used
 * Yes, a redirect will automatically override the class setting, so there's no harm in setting it to 'list'. However, the way WP:AST importance ratings are assigned, a redirect has a 'na' importance while a 'list' will have a normal low/med/high/top importance. Praemonitus (talk) 05:00, 5 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I think it's ok if the temporary #Rs are misclassified as lists for the time they remain #Rs, even if that time is lengthy, since their intended purpose and eventual destination is to be a list. Otherwise it just seems like a distinction without much of a difference. But, if you want to keep track of that, go for it.  ~ Tom.Reding (talk ⋅dgaf)  17:24, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Meanings of minor-planet names


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles

Citizendium porting
See User_talk:Rich_Farmbrough. Also the lists at WikiProject Citizendium Porting and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Emijrp/Citizendium. All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 05:37, 30 July 2014 (UTC).

Africana
User:Duckduckstop/list_of_encyclopedia_africana_articles

All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 14:13, 5 October 2014 (UTC).

RedLink tool is down
From that talk page I copy this. I don't really understand why but

[]

Possible redirects from various missing topics lists
From WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/MadMax List/6
 * Council on the Auglaize River = Northwest Indian War (Grand Council at the mouth of the Auglaize River is a redirect)
 * Grand Council on Muscle Shoals = Cherokee–American wars

From WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/MadMax List/10
 * Confederacy Conscription / Conscription Act (Confederate States of America) = Confederate Conscription Acts 1862–1864
 * CSS Denbeigh = Denbigh (ship)

From WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/MadMax List/24
 * American Civil War and Immigrants = Foreign enlistment in the American Civil War
 * Union-Confederate prisoner exchanges = American Civil War prison camps
 * Mass Media and the Vietnam War = United States news media and the Vietnam War
 * Jewish Community in the United Kingdom = British Jews (Jews in the United Kingdom is a redirect)
 * Panzer Tanks = German tanks in World War II (Panzer Tank is a redirect)
 * Bombing Raids on Britain in World War I / Zeppelin Air Raids = German bombing of Britain, 1914–1918
 * Edward Stanley I = Edward Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
 * Edward Stanley II = Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby
 * Manchester Society for Suffrage = Manchester Society for Women's Suffrage
 * Society for the Abolition of Slave Trade = Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade
 * National Union of Suffrage Societies = National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
 * National Union for Equal Citizenship = National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
 * International Suffrage Alliance = International Women Suffrage Alliance
 * New Constitutional Society = New Constitutional Society for Women's Suffrage
 * London Society for Suffrage = Fawcett Society
 * Church League for Suffrage = Church League for Women's Suffrage
 * Fabian Women's Group = Fabian Society

From WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Dsp13 List:
 * Barthélémy Thimonnier = Barthélemy Thimonnier
 * Gaspard Tagliacocci = Gaspare Tagliacozzi
 * Ernest-Sylvain Bollée = Éolienne Bollée (Ernest Sylvain Bollée is a redirect)
 * Edward Payson Bullard = Bullard Machine Tool Company (Edward Payson Bullard, Sr. is a redirect)
 * Charles François Marie-Thérèse Lartigue = Lartigue Monorail (Charles Lartigue is a redirect)
 * Mrs Stock = Ellen Weeton
 * Theodora Morris Cope Stanwell-Fletcher = Theodora Stanwell-Fletcher
 * Eleanor Vere (E V B ) Boyle = Eleanor Vere Boyle
 * Vlada Cherozamsky / Vlada the Chauffeur = Vlado Chernozemski
 * Klaus Schenk von Stauffenberg = Claus von Stauffenberg
 * Catharina Amalie = Countess Amalia Katharina of Waldeck (Amalia Catharina is a redirect)
 * Geneva Estelle Massey Riddle Osborne = Estelle Massey Osborne
 * Marie d'Agreda = Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
 * François Claude Fauchet = Claude Fauchet (revolutionist)
 * Racial attitudes = Race (human categorization) (Racialist attitude is a redirect)
 * Gold, God, and Glory = Imperialism (Gold, God and glory is a redirect)
 * The Great Tulip Mania = Tulip mania
 * Black immigrants = Emigration from Africa
 * New York City immigrants = New York City ethnic enclaves
 * Initial Public Offering (IPO) = Initial public offering
 * Organic Intellectuals = Cultural hegemony (Organic intellectual is a redirect)
 * Iraq-U.S. War = Iraq War
 * Richard F. Kahn = Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn
 * Markup Pricing = Markup rule (Markup pricing is a redirect)
 * Karl Marx: Impact on Economics = Marxian economics
 * Karl Marx: Impact on Sociology = Marxist sociology
 * Parent-child relationships, Transition to parenthood = Parenting
 * Person Perception = Social perception (Person perception is a redirect)
 * Southern Politics = Politics of the Southern United States
 * Urban Poverty = Poverty (Urban poverty is a redirect)
 * Public Assistance = Welfare (Public assistance is a redirect)
 * Quebecois Movement = Quebec sovereignty movement
 * Trade Quotas = Import quota
 * Race-blind policies = Racial color blindness
 * Sample attrition = Attrition (research)
 * Self-defeating behavior = Self-defeating personality disorder
 * Blanch Parry = Blanche Parry
 * Marlène Dumas = Marlene Dumas
 * Elizabeth Knevitt, Countess of Lincoln = Elizabeth Clinton, Countess of Lincoln
 * Cecilia Heron = Cecily Heron
 * Ella Ervilla Kellogg = Ella Eaton Kellogg
 * Victoria Comicrabit Reid = Victoria Reid
 * María Cristina Rodriguez Cabral = Cristina Rodríguez Cabral
 * El Paso Smeltertown = Smeltertown, Texas
 * Ol’ga Andreevna Shapir, Ol’ga Andreevna Kislaikova = Olga Shapir
 * Nadezhda Vasil’evna Stasova = Nadezhda Stasova
 * Marjorie Eldershaw = Marjorie Barnard
 * U.S. Women in Military Service = United States Armed Forces
 * American suppression of the Philippine Insurrection, American suppression of the Insurrection in Philippines = Philippine–American War
 * Polish Independent Women's Battalion = Emilia Plater Independent Women's Battalion
 * Trauma of World War I = Aftermath of World War I?
 * SPARs = SPARS
 * Militant Serbian Nationalism = Serbian nationalism?
 * Nicena Battiscombe Gunn = Battiscombe Gunn?
 * Margarethe Hilferding = Margarete Hilferding
 * Hanna Heilborn-Fenichel = Hanna Fenichel
 * Magli Elster-Raknes = Magli Elster — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.94.190.241 (talk) 22:04, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

From User:Skysmith/Missing topics about Hoaxes:
 * Theodore Attardo di Cristoforo de Bouillon = Theodore Palaeologo (pretender)
 * Peter Mills (claimant) = Peter Mills (pretender)
 * Nicholas Macdonald Sarsfield Cod'd of Wexford = Nicholas Macdonald Sarsfield Cod'd

74.94.190.241 (talk) 15:14, 3 April 2023 (UTC)

Missing topics list request: Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels
This is a missing topics list for Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles. It is based on "Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels" by M. Keith Booker (2019). Out of 343 original entries, there are 38 left.

Individual Comic Book and Graphic Novel Titles or Characters
 * Action Comics
 * Adventure Comics
 * Alice in Sunderland
 * All-American Comics
 * All Star Comics
 * Alpha Flight
 * Amazing Fantasy
 * American Born Chinese (comics)
 * American Flagg
 * American Splendor
 * Ant-Man
 * Aquaman
 * Archie (comics)
 * Arkham Asylum
 * Astro City
 * The Authority
 * Avengers
 * Barefoot Gen
 * Batman
 * Batman & Dracula
 * Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary
 * Birth of a Nation
 * The Black Condor
 * Blackhawk (comics)
 * Black Hole (comics)
 * Black Panther (comics)
 * Black Widow (comics)
 * Blankets (comics)
 * The Blue Beetle
 * Blueberry (comics)
 * Bone (comics)
 * Buddha (comics)
 * Cages (comic)
 * Captain America
 * Captain Marvel
 * Casper the Friendly Ghost
 * Castle Waiting
 * Catwoman
 * Cerebus the Aardvark
 * City of Glass (comics)
 * Civil War (comics)
 * Classics Illustrated
 * Conan the Barbarian
 * Concrete (comics)
 * A Contract with God
 * Crime Does Not Pay (comics)
 * Crisis on Infinite Earths
 * The Crow
 * Daredevil (comics)
 * Dark Horse Presents
 * The Dark Knight Returns
 * DC: The New Frontier
 * Dennis the Menace (comics)
 * Detective Comics
 * Doc Savage
 * Doctor Strange
 * Earth X
 * Eightball (comics)
 * ElfQuest
 * Elseworlds
 * Epileptic (comics)
 * Ex Machina (comics)
 * Famous Funnies
 * Fantastic Four
 * Felix the Cat
 * The Flash
 * The Frank Book
 * Fritz the Cat
 * From Hell
 * Fun Home
 * Gemma Bovery
 * Ghost Rider
 * Ghost World (comics)
 * Gotham by Gaslight
 * Graphic Classics
 * Green Arrow
 * Green Lantern
 * Grendel (comics)
 * Groo the Wanderer
 * Heavy Metal (comics)
 * Hellblazer
 * Hellboy
 * A History of Violence (comics)
 * The Homeless Channel
 * Howard the Duck
 * Identity Crisis (comics)
 * I, Joker
 * The Incal
 * The Incredible Hulk
 * I Never Liked You
 * The Invisibles
 * Iron Man
 * It’s a Good Life, If You Don’t Weaken
 * Jimmy Corrigan: The Smartest Kid on Earth
 * JLA/Avengers
 * Journey into Mystery
 * Justice League of America
 * Justice Society of America
 * The Killing Joke (comics)
 * Killraven
 * King: A Comics Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr.
 * Kingdom Come (comics)
 * The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
 * Lone Wolf and Cub
 * Lost Girls (comics)
 * Louis Riel (comics)
 * Love and Rockets (comics)
 * Luke Cage
 * Madman (comics)
 * Manhunter (comics)
 * The Man of Steel (comics)
 * Marvel Boy (comics)
 * Marvels
 * Marvel Super Heroes Secret Wars
 * Maus: A Survivor’s Tale
 * More Fun Comics
 * Mystery Men (comics)
 * My Troubles with Women
 * Nat Turner (comics)
 * New Mutants
 * The Nikopol Trilogy
 * “Omaha” the Cat Dancer
 * 100 Bullets
 * Optic Nerve (comics)
 * Palestine (comics)
 * La Perdida
 * Persepolis (comics)
 * Phantom Lady
 * Planetary (comics)
 * Plastic Man
 * The Playboy
 * Preacher (comics)
 * Pride of Baghdad
 * Promethea
 * The Punisher
 * RAW (comics)
 * Richie Rich (comics)
 * Road to Perdition (comics)
 * The Rocketeer
 * Ronin (comics)
 * Runaways (comics)
 * Sabre (comics)
 * The Sandman (Gaiman)
 * The Sandman (Golden Age)
 * Seaguy
 * Seven Soldiers of Victory
 * Sgt. Fury and His Howling Commandos
 * The Shadow
 * Shooting War
 * Silver Surfer
 * Sin City
 * Spawn (comics)
 * Speeding Bullets
 * Spider-Man
 * The Spirit
 * Stagger Lee (comics)
 * Star Spangled Comics
 * Strangers in Paradise
 * Strange Tales
 * Stuck Rubber Baby
 * The Summer of Love (comics)
 * Superman
 * Superman: Birthright
 * Superman: Red Son
 * Swamp Thing
 * Tales from the Crypt (comics)
 * Tarzan (comics)
 * Teen Titans
 * Terminal City (comics)
 * Thor (comics)
 * 300 (comics)
 * Tintin (comics)
 * Tomb of Dracula
 * Tom Strong
 * Transmetropolitan
 * V for Vendetta
 * The Walking Dead (comics)
 * Watchmen
 * Weirdo (comics)
 * Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?
 * What If? (comics)
 * Witchblade
 * Wonder Woman
 * World’s Finest Comics
 * The World’s Greatest Superheroes
 * X-Men
 * Yossel
 * Y: The Last Man
 * Zap (comics)

Individual Writers and Artists
 * Neal Adams
 * Mike Allred
 * Brian Azzarello
 * Peter Bagge
 * Kyle Baker
 * Matt Baker
 * Carl Barks
 * Lynda Barry
 * Brian Michael Bendis
 * Chester Brown
 * Ed Brubaker
 * Kurt Busiek
 * John Byrne (comics)
 * Eddie Campbell
 * Howard Chaykin
 * Chris Claremont
 * Daniel Clowes
 * Gene Colan
 * Max Allan Collins
 * Reed Crandall
 * Robert Crumb
 * Alan Davis
 * Steve Ditko
 * Chuck Dixon
 * Will Eisner
 * Warren Ellis
 * Garth Ennis
 * Al Feldstein
 * Ramona Fradon
 * Frank Frazetta
 * Neil Gaiman
 * William Gaines
 * Dave Gibbons
 * Jean Giraud (Moebius Gir)
 * Phoebe Gloeckner
 * Mark Gruenwald
 * Herge
 * Hernandez Brothers
 * Burne Hogarth
 * Jack (Jaxon) Jackson
 * Geoff Johns
 * Bob Kane
 * Gil Kane
 * Ben Katchor
 * Jack Kirby
 * Robert Kirkman
 * Harvey Kurtzman
 * Jim Lee
 * Stan Lee
 * Steve Leialoha
 * Paul Levitz
 * Jeph Loeb
 * Joe Matt
 * Scott McCloud
 * Todd McFarlane
 * David (Dave) McKean
 * Mike Mignola
 * Mark Millar
 * Frank Miller
 * Jim Mooney
 * Alan Moore
 * Grant Morrison
 * Dean Motter
 * Fabian Nicieza
 * Dennis O’Neil
 * Harvey Pekar
 * George Perez
 * Christopher Priest (comics)
 * Ted Rall
 * Trina Robbins
 * John Romita, Jr.
 * John Romita, Sr.
 * Alex Ross
 * Greg Rucka
 * P. Craig Russell
 * Joe Sacco
 * Tim Sale (comics)
 * Seth (comics)
 * John Severin
 * Marie Severin
 * Joe Shuster
 * Jerry Siegel
 * Bill Sienkiewicz
 * Dave Sim
 * Joe Simon
 * Gail Simone
 * Walter (Walt) Simonson
 * Art Spiegelman
 * James (Jim) Steranko
 * Dave Stevens
 * J. Michael Straczynski
 * Curt Swan
 * Osamu Tezuka
 * Alex Toth
 * Brian K. Vaughan
 * Mark Waid
 * Chris Ware
 * Joss Whedon
 * Al Williamson
 * S. Clay Wilson
 * Marv Wolfman
 * Basil Wolverton
 * Wallace (Wally) Wood

Themes and Genres
 * Adaptations from Other Media
 * Cold War
 * Crime Comics
 * Educational Comics
 * Espionage
 * European Comics
 * Fantasy
 * Feminism
 * Folklore in Comics
 * Funny Animal Comics
 * Gay and Lesbian Themes
 * History in Comics
 * Horror Comics
 * Jungle Comics
 * Manga
 * Memoir/Slice-of-Life
 * Themes
 * Mutants (comics)
 * Nazis
 * Politics and Politicians
 * Post-Apocalyptic Narratives
 * Race and Ethnicity
 * Religion
 * Romance Comics
 * Satire
 * Science Fiction
 * Superheroes
 * Underground and Adult Comics
 * Vampires and Zombies
 * War Comics
 * Westerns (Comics)
 * Youth Culture in Comics

Comics Publishers
 * Charlton Comics
 * Dark Horse Comics
 * DC Comics
 * EC Comics
 * Fantagraphics
 * Image Comics
 * Kitchen Sink Press
 * Marvel Comics
 * Milestone Comics
 * Quality Comics
 * Warren Publishing

Miscellaneous
 * Ages of Comics
 * Comics Code
 * Comics Scholarship
 * Eisner Awards
 * Harvey Awards
 * Merchandising and Licensing
 * Retcon
 * Fredric Wertham

74.94.190.241 (talk) 20:07, 13 April 2023 (UTC)

Requested Articles talk banner
FYI has been requested to be merged with ; for the discussion, see Templates for discussion/Log/2023 October 2 -- 67.70.25.175 (talk) 02:58, 5 October 2023 (UTC)

The topic of making a new project much more active :p - Please talk to me on my talk page if you want to do a project similar to this! 23/03/2024 - 20:37 UK — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79lives (talk • contribs) 20:37, 23 March 2024 (UTC)