text:
List of English words that may be spelled with a ligature

This list of words that may be spelled with a ligature in English encompasses words which have letters that may, in modern usage, either be rendered as two distinct letters or as a single, combined letter. This includes AE being rendered as Æ and OE being rendered as Œ.

Until the early twentieth century, the œ and æ ligatures had been commonly used to indicate an etymological connection with Latin or Greek. Since then they have fallen out of fashion almost completely and are now only used occasionally. They are more commonly used for the names of historical people, to evoke archaism, or in literal quotations of historical sources. These ligatures are proper letters in some Scandinavian languages, and so are used to render names from those languages, and likewise names from Old English. Some American spellings replace ligatured vowels with a single letter; for example, gynæcology or gynaecology is spelled gynecology.

The fl and fi ligatures, among others, are still commonly used to render modern text in fine typography. Page-layout programs such as QuarkXPress and Adobe InDesign can be configured to automatically replace the individual characters with the appropriate ligatures. However this is a typographic feature and not part of the spelling.

Given names
Note: The variants Ædith, Cœline and Matthœo were a used (see citations), hypercorrected form of the names.

ß
The grapheme ß was originally made out of the characters long s (ſ) and z, the latter of which evolved into s. In Germany, the grapheme is still used today. Throughout history, various names have been spelled with ß. Many of the spelling variations are hypercorrected variants of other spellings of the name. Nowadays, most of the spelling variations and names are considered archaic or obsolete.

Æ
Note that some words contain an ae which may not be written æ because the etymology is not from the Greek -αι- or Latin -ae- diphthongs. These include:

 * In instances of aer (starting or within a word) when it makes the sound IPA (air). Comes from the Latin āër, Greek ἀήρ.
 * When ae makes the diphthong (lay) or  (eye).
 * When ae is found in a foreign phrase or loan word and it is unacceptable to use the ligature in that language. For example, when in a German loan word or phrase, if the a with an umlaut (ä) is written as ae, it is incorrect to write it with the ligature.


text:
Internal auditor

An internal auditor is an auditor who is appointed by the Board of directors of the company in order to carry out the internal audit function. Generally, an employee of the company acts as an internal auditor, whereas some companies appoint an external expert as an internal auditor.

Though an internal auditor is appointed by the management or an employee of the company, independence is the prime requisite for the execution of an internal audit. Compromise in independence may distort the objectivity of an internal audit.

An internal auditor is responsible to the Board functionally and administratively to the management of the company, and the auditor submits the report to the Board. Their job description is said to include financial record examination, compliance analysis, risk management, and theft and fraud detection skills, along with good communication.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Internal auditor


text:
Meng Da

Meng Da (died c. March 228 ), courtesy name Zidu, was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the early Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served the warlords Liu Zhang and Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty before defecting to Wei. In Wei, he served under the first two rulers, Cao Pi and Cao Rui. Around late 227, he started a rebellion in Wei and aimed to rejoin the Shu-Han but the revolt was swiftly suppressed by the Wei general Sima Yi. Meng Da was captured and executed for treason.

Service under Liu Zhang and Liu Bei
Meng Da originally served Liu Zhang, the governor of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing). He defected to another warlord, Liu Bei, when the latter invaded Yi Province in the early 210s and seized control of the province from Liu Zhang. Liu Bei sent Meng Da to guard Jiangling (江陵), and promoted him to Administrator (太守) of Yidu (宜都) later after settling Yi Province. Meng Da's original courtesy name was "Zijing", but he changed it to "Zidu" to avoid naming taboo because "Zijing" was also the courtesy name of Liu Bei's uncle.

In 219, Meng Da was ordered to lead a force from Zigui (秭歸) to attack Fangling (房陵). After conquering Fangling, Meng Da advanced further north and captured another city, Shangyong (上庸), where he rendezvoused with Liu Feng, Liu Bei's adoptive son. Later that year, when Liu Bei's general Guan Yu was trapped by enemy forces in Jing Province, Guan requested reinforcements from Liu Feng and Meng Da, but they refused. Guan Yu was eventually captured by forces of the eastern warlord Sun Quan and was executed.

Defection to Wei
Meng Da was afraid that he would be punished for refusing to help Guan Yu. At the time, his relationship with Liu Feng was also strained. Hence, he brought 4,000 soldiers with him and defected to Liu Bei's rival Cao Pi, who gave him a warm welcome. Meng Da then wrote a letter to Liu Feng, informing the latter that he was in grave danger, because someone close to Liu Bei had spoken ill of him, and he urged Liu Feng to surrender to Wei as well. However, Liu Feng ignored Meng Da's advice and returned to Chengdu, where he was executed by his adoptive father for failing to reinforce Guan Yu and failing to stop Meng Da from defecting.

Cao Pi later ended the Eastern Han dynasty by forcing Emperor Xian to abdicate the throne to him, after which he assumed the title of emperor and established the state of Cao Wei, marking the start of the Three Kingdoms period. In Wei, Meng Da received various important appointments and the title of a marquis. Cao Pi merged the three commanderies of Fangling, Shangyong and Xicheng (西城) to form a larger commandery, Xincheng (新城), and he appointed Meng Da as the Administrator (太守) of Xincheng and tasked him with defending Wei's southwestern border. Liu Ye advised Cao Pi, "Meng Da is always looking out for rewards which are not rightfully his, and he is prone to schemes due to his talent. Thus, he will not be grateful to Your Excellency. Xincheng borders Sun Quan's and Liu Bei's territories. If the regional situation changes, it will create troubles for the realm."; Cao Pi ignored Liu. Meng Da became close friends with the Wei officials Huan Jie and Xiahou Shang.

In 225, Li Hong (李鴻), a former Wei subject who surrendered to Shu Han (a state founded by Liu Bei), came to meet Shu's chancellor Zhuge Liang and the Shu officials Jiang Wan and Fei Shi. Li Hong told them about Meng Da's meeting with a person called Wang Chong (王沖), who told him that Zhuge Liang urged Liu Bei to execute Meng Da's family after Meng defected to Wei, but Liu Bei refused. Meng Da also did not believe Wang Chong.

Rebellion and death
Zhuge Liang attempted to contact Meng Da and induce him to defect back to Shu, despite objection from Fei Shi, who remarked that Meng Da was an untrustworthy traitor. By then, the Wei emperor Cao Pi had died and was succeeded by Cao Rui, who treated Meng Da less favourably. Meng Da's close friends Huan Jie and Xiahou Shang had also died, so Meng Da felt isolated and became increasingly disgruntled with the Wei imperial court. After some exchanging of letters between Zhuge Liang and Meng Da, the latter gradually developed animosity towards Wei and harboured the intention of starting a rebellion.

In 228, Zhuge Liang launched the first of a series of Northern Expeditions against Wei, and he succeeded in persuading Meng Da to assist the Shu army by rebelling against Wei. However, Meng Da's rebellion plot was leaked out by Shen Yi (申儀), the Administrator of Weixing (魏興), whom Meng Da had a feud with. The Wei general Sima Yi wrote letters to Meng Da to put the latter in a dilemma on whether to rebel or not, and secretly led an army from Wan (in present-day Nanyang, Henan) to attack Meng Da's base in Xincheng. Sima Yi's forces arrived at Xincheng in just eight days and caught Meng Da completely off guard. Meng Da was betrayed by his nephew Deng Xian (鄧賢) and subordinate Li Fu (李輔) and his rebellion was swiftly suppressed. He was captured and executed by Sima Yi.

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Meng Da appeared as a character in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. His courtesy name in the novel is "Ziqing". His role in the novel is mainly centred on the events in the Xincheng Rebellion.

title: Meng Da


text:
Talk:MaraDNS

I have archived the talk page discussion
I have archived the talk page discussion. In a nutshell:

 * Archive 1 shows the consensus going from it being OK for me to extensively edit the article as long as I was neutral to being one where I had to be extremely careful editing the article because of my COI.
 * Archive 2 shows the article being proposed for deletion then finally nominated for deletion, and the references dug up to show that MaraDNS is, indeed, notable. It also has my request to have the article updated for the 2010s (done).

I am very pleased the MaraDNS article survived AfD (the vote to see if MaraDNS is notable enough to have on the Wikipedia) with a strong “Keep” consensus because of the significant coverage in third party sources establishing notability. MaraDNS will probably be my legacy, the thing I will show my grandkids when they ask me what I accomplished in my life. I will tell them that “it even has a Wikipedia article.”

I’ll be back on the talk page should six months or more go by with the Wikipedia’s “current release” field out of date. Otherwise, I’ll probably not be here...and I hopefully will never need to edit the article space MaraDNS article ever again. Samboy (talk) 07:17, 12 April 2013 (UTC)

MaraDNS 2.0.09 released
MaraDNS has been updated to 2.0.09, which was released on February 12, 2014 release notes. The page currently incorrectly claims the most recent version is 2.0.07b; 2.0.07b hasn’t been the most recent version of MaraDNS since September 20, 2013 (over six months ago), as per the MaraDNS changelog. Samboy (talk) 06:43, 30 March 2014 (UTC)
 * ✅, sorry for the long wait. I've updated the article to show the latest 2.0.09 release. Thanks! ~Super Hamster  Talk Contribs 01:48, 28 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you for doing that. This should only have to be done once a year; MaraDNS is finished and I only release about one update a year (barring a security problem). Samboy (talk) 17:18, 15 June 2014 (UTC)

MaraDNS 2.0.11 released
MaraDNS 2.0.11 released on January 30, 2015:

 * http://marc.info/?l=maradns-list&m=142259978324283&w=2
 * http://samiam.org/blog/2015-01-29.html
 * http://maradns.samiam.org/changelog.html
 * https://github.com/samboy/MaraDNS (I would give you the commit for the release, but Github is down right now)

Samboy (talk) 11:35, 6 May 2015 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the update! Samboy (talk) 13:33, 11 June 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Sources which establish notability for MaraDNS
I brought this up back in 2013 during the SNOW keep AfD this article had, but I will provide an updated list here, since MaraDNS continues to be published in reliable sources, further cementing its notability:

 * This book devotes an entire chapter (over 7,000 words in total) to MaraDNS
 * Observe the word “MaraDNS” in the title of this ZDNet article.
 * "MaraDNS (version Deadwood-3.0.03), Microsoft DNS (version Windows Sever 2008 R2) and Unbound (version 1.4.11), are immune to the ghost domain attack [...] MaraDNS, has already applied the first solution listed in the above section. It only accepts a zone’s delegation data from its parent zone"
 * MaraDNS is discussed at depth in “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to DNS cache poisoning” by Sooel Son and Vitaly Shmatikov. We’re not talking a casual mention confirming MaraDNS’ existence.  We’re talking an in-depth description and comparison of MaraDNS’ cache poison resistance compared to BIND and Unbound (My summary: MaraDNS has a unique way of handling baliwick, NS referrals, and caching data that is remarkably simple and secure from blind spoofing attacks)  This article was published in the book “Security and Privacy in Communication Networks: 6th International ICST Conference, SecureComm 2010.” (edited by Sushil Jajodia, Jianying Zhou) and printed by Springer, and is more recent than the references I added to the talk page in 2009.
 * A two-part article about MaraDNS, published in Enterprise Networking Planet: (part 1) and  Both articles talk about pretty much nothing but MaraDNS; that’s over 2400 words from a reliable third party source.
 * The same author as the above articles got a book published by O’Reilly where she mentions MaraDNS again.
 * “Figure 2, for instance, shows that the BIND server performs worse than MaraDNS under the same attack, which means that the later is able to sustain a larger number of attacks than the first”

Samboy (talk) 20:34, 11 April 2018 (UTC)

Updating MaraDNS version number
Just a heads up that I, as an editor with a conflict of interest, have updated MaraDNS’s version number in this diff. I feel this is an uncontroversial edit which improves the Wikipedia. If anyone feels this is not an appropriate change for an editor with a COI to engage in, please let us know by responding here. Samboy (talk) 16:08, 29 January 2020 (UTC)
 * And, I just did it again, bumping the version number to 3.5.0002. Since I have automated a lot of the release engineering in the slow process of making MaraDNS use a Continuous Integrated approach, I can make fully tested releases a lot more quickly and easily now. Samboy (talk) 15:17, 4 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I have release 3.5.0005 earlier this week. I should have 3.5.0006 out later this summer, with the Dockerfile finished up (right now, MaraDNS compiles and runs fine in Docker, but one needs to enter the Docker container to edit configuration files, and Deadwood, the recursive half, really should have its own Dockerfile) and a Docker HOWTO written up. Samboy (talk) 04:05, 7 June 2020 (UTC)
 * And again, I did an update, mainly to get the bad taste of editing an article about an unpleasant murder out of my mouth. I’m actually updating MaraDNS a lot more right now until the COVID-19 crisis tides over and I can be a professional software developer again, and have made MaraDNS a lot easier to update.  I won’t update this article again until spring of 2021; it would be better for someone else to update the version number, but, for a period longer than six months, the harm of having an editor with a conflict of interest making a neutral edit is less than the harm of the article being outdated.  Samboy (talk) 11:24, 31 August 2020 (UTC)

MaraDNS 3.5.0018 and 3.5.0019 released
Since this article was last edited MaraDNS 3.5.0018 and MaraDNS 3.5.0019 have been released. Since one person raised concerns that my editing the article to update its version number might be an issue well over a decade ago (I’m the MaraDNS implementer), I will not update the article unless it’s over six months out of date. Since MaraDNS 3.5.0018 was released on December 20, 2020, I will update this article on June 21st unless someone else does it first. Samboy (talk) 22:06, 24 April 2021 (UTC)

Version number is out of date
The version number has been out of date since March 16, when I released MaraDNS 3.5.0019. I have subsequently released 3.5.0020 and 3.5.0021. Unless someone else updates the version number, I will do so after September 16th (when the version number is over six months out of date). As per the above, the harm of an editor with a conflict of interest making a neutral non-contentious edit to the article is less than the harm with the version number being out of date for over six months. Samboy (talk) 01:56, 4 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Updated. Samboy (talk) 18:52, 17 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:MaraDNS


text: User talk:193.29.205.252

title: User talk:193.29.205.252


text:
User talk:Bastion

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 05:09, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Hijacked/Highjacked
A cockup rather than a conspiracy! I accidentally overtyped hijacked and thought I was simply reinstating it. My old english teacher would be proud! --Red King 20:11, 12 August 2005 (UTC) No biggie, just noticed the error while I was checking for reverts ;) Bastion 20:12, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

User talk pages
To post a comment (such as your reply to me above, which should really go on my page - or to write a Cease and Desist), just click on the user name. That brings up their main page, that only they may edit. Click on the Discussion tab - same as a normal article - and post your comment there. That's how I did this. Feel feel to experiment using mine. --Red King 11:59, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

Irish Wikipedians' notice board
As you are a Tá sé, you might like to note and sign up at Irish Wikipedians' notice board --Red King 12:02, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

Twink's house in Knocklyon
The source of the house being Idrone House next to the Superquinn was a current resident of Knocklyon. The source of its description was this press article in the Irish Times, 20 January 2005. Fibula 14:43, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedia UK/Wikimania 2006
Hi, this is a circular to Wikipedians in Ireland to draw your attention to Wikimedia UK, where the establishment of a local Wikimedia chapter for the United Kingdom (and possibly for the Republic of Ireland) is being discussed. See the talk page, as well as the mailing list; a meetup will take place to discuss matters in London in September, for anyone who can get there. On another topic, plans are being drawn up for a UK bid for Wikimania 2006, which would be conveniently close to Ireland. On the other hand, Dublin's bid was one of the final three last year - might we bid again? --Kwekubo 03:39, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Planetary Flight & Neveron
This forums post seemed pretty final to me, hehe.

Yep, that was me. Neveron just takes, oh, 100% of your time, though - I couldn't keep it up! Nice to see neveron players around. :)

You'd have to ask Ceejayoz if he played Nev, though. I certainly dont know.

TheDeadlyShoe 01:16, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Eve Online
RE your comment on my talkpage (I assume it was you) 'gamer' is also an ambiguous term. As long as we specify in the article that we refer only to accounts rather than players we stick only to the known facts. I am aware that CCP, in common with other developers, talk up their player frequencies but I feel we can avoid prejudicial language. I've made a recent edit to delete references to player numbers and replaced it with a more neutral term ('avatar'). Let me know if you see anymore unverifiable language if you don't have time to change it yourself. --Davril2020 13:48, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bastion


text:
Category talk:Fictional computers

Untitled
I added this to Category:Fictional characters by nature due to the fact that many of the computers act as characters in their respective stories. CyberSkull 05:09, 2005 Jun 5 (UTC)

Missing computers?
Anybody care to add Orac and Zen from Blake's 7?

Or Deep Thought, from the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy?

 * Second that, Deep Thought is badly missing, as well as Eddie, Hactar, and therefore... the Earth!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.206.96.73 (talk) 21:50, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Also missing is TIM, from The Tomorrow People

And Synergy, the Holographic Computer of Jem and the Holograms

AIVAS fromt the Pern Series?

 * Write articles about these computers then add those articles to this category. I don't know enough about those fictional computers, so you'll have to do it. Val42 06:23, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Abraham Abulafia is a computer?

title: Category talk:Fictional computers


text:
Magic: The Gathering core sets, 1993–2007

The collectible card game Magic: The Gathering published nine base sets from 1993–2007, also referred to as core sets. The base sets were considered descendants of the original Limited Edition, and shaped the default setting and feel of Magic. These sets consisted entirely of reprinted cards. These cards were generally simpler than cards in expansion sets, omitting multicolored cards, and used only the original abilities and keywords of Magic such as Flying and Trample. This simplicity led to many cards from these sets being considered "staples" of deck design. All cards were given a white border to mark them as reprints, with a few exceptions (Tenth Edition, foil cards in Seventh-Ninth Editions). From Fourth Edition in 1995 onward, a new base set would come out once per two years in the spring or early summer; for tournament play, that set would be legal for two years in the Standard format until the next core set replaced it.

Early in the history of Magic, the sets sold out nearly instantaneously, and supplying the game's growing fan base proved tricky. Sales were also concentrated on the West Coast of the United States, where Wizards of the Coast was based. The earliest base sets—Unlimited, Revised, and Fourth Edition—helped provide the first experience with Magic for many players in areas where Magic had never been sold before, enabling them to catch up on the base game with cards that, while technically reprints, had never been available to them before. As the market became saturated, the base sets took on a changed role; they began to be marketed as the entry point for new Magic players, with less interest expected from dedicated Magic players who likely owned many of the cards already. Seventh Edition, released in 2001, was sold both as a "Basic" and an "Advanced" product, with the expansion sets of the time marked as "Expert". Eighth and Ninth editions were marketed similarly. However, sales were disappointing, an alarming problem for Wizards, as some entry point for newer players was required to keep Magic alive. In 2009, Wizards of the Coast changed their policy for base sets, and began making smaller base sets that included new cards, starting with the Magic 2010 set. According to Wizards of the Coast, the previous base sets had "been completely marginalized by the enfranchised player base", and change was required to make the base sets of interest to players of all skill levels once more.

Unlimited
Unlimited Edition, occasionally referred to as Second Edition, was the second Magic: The Gathering set and the second base set. It was released on December 1, 1993; this time the run was 40 million cards. Unlimited Edition contains exactly the same cards as Limited Edition, including the Power Nine cards. Unlimited cards have white borders rather than black, however. This precedent that white borders implied a reprint was honored until the 2007 release of Tenth Edition, which returned to black borders.

Unlimited was sold in starter packs of 60 cards and booster packs of 15 cards. It was the first set to be officially titled as something other than just Magic: The Gathering. The "Unlimited Edition" label appears on the booster boxes, decks, and booster packs. While it is possible to distinguish Unlimited cards from Revised cards by just looking at the text (wording and type set) the cards from both sets are more easily distinguished by comparing the borders of the cards. The picture frame of Unlimited cards has a beveled edge which Revised cards have not.

Revised Edition
Revised Edition (also simply known as Revised) was the sixth set and third core set released for Magic: The Gathering. Like previous core sets, it had no expansion symbol. Revised Edition cards are white-bordered and generally known for their washed-out look. The set was released in April 1994 and contained 306 cards. It was the first base set to contain cards from black-bordered sets other than Alpha and Beta.

An advertisement in the first issue of The Duelist stated that the set would have gray borders and be released with a "constantly changing card mix", the first of which would be 30 cards from Arabian Nights.

Printing and distribution
Printing of Revised began in early April 1994 and continued until April 1995, when Fourth Edition was announced. It is estimated that about 500 million cards of the set were produced, which fully eliminated the distribution problems of earlier sets. The cards of Revised were still widely available even well into 1996.

The cards of Revised like the cards of the preceding Unlimited Edition all had white borders, no expansion symbol, and the artist credit at the bottom left. However, the cards were far paler than their Unlimited counterparts, and the three-dimensional beveling of the cards was cropped out. The omission of the bevel in the card frame was an error. This gave the cards an appearance that was widely criticized as "washed out" and even unprofessional. The beveling was returned in 4th Edition, and the colors were much more vibrant in that set. The large print run meant that Revised basic lands were so numerous and common that it was uncommon to find any other lands in decks until several years later.

The collation of the cards made it possible for a basic land card to appear in the common and uncommon slots of a pack. This was intentional; the land cards were printed on the common and uncommon print sheets. Basic lands would get their own full print sheets in 4th Edition, making Revised the last tournament-legal set until Seventh Edition in which basic lands could be found in booster packs. Basic lands returned as a card slot in the Shards of Alara block of 2008.

Revised was the first base edition of the game to be sold in multiple languages. Black bordered, limited editions were produced in French, German, and Italian. Unlimited, white bordered editions in the same languages were produced after the limited editions had sold out.

Misprints
One card-printing error of note appeared on the card. This blue creature card was misprinted with a green border and a picture of another card,. The name, mana cost and rules text were all correct, though. The Revised version is now the most common due to the limited print run of the original, intended versions.

The card was missing the clause "and cannot be regenerated".

The card incorrectly listed the artist as Kerstin Kaman instead of Anson Maddocks.

Rule changes
The printing of Revised cleared up a number of problems with the Limited Edition and Unlimited Edition rules. Two changes had a large effect on game play. First, the rule that "multiple effects resolve simultaneously unless a conflict arises" was changed to "effects always resolve last-in-first-out". The concept was later refined and then referred to as the "stack", an idea taken from computer programing's stack. Second, the rule for Protection from was changed from "the creature is unaffected by X" to the more precise "the creature cannot be blocked by X creatures, be the target of X spells or abilities, or be enchanted by X enchantments; and all damage dealt to this creature by X sources is reduced to zero".

The most visually obvious of Revised's changes was the elimination of the Mono/Poly/Continuous qualifiers to artifacts. With the advent of the game's first tap symbol (a "T" turned forty-five degrees clockwise in a light gray circle), the qualifiers used to differentiate when and how often an artifact could be used were no longer needed. Artifacts that were previously classified as Mono artifacts were given the new tap symbol, while Poly and Continuous artifacts were simply re-templated without the tap symbol.

Summer Magic
The Summer Magic print run of Revised Edition were printed in the summer of 1994. This print run intended to fix some of the errors with Revised, including the washed-out color, but had problems of its own. The colors were considered too dark and the artist credited for stayed uncorrected as well as the artist credited for Serendib Efreet, although the Efreet had received its original color and art again. A new misprint occurred with the green card ; the so-called "blue Hurricane" is one of the rarest and most sought-after cards in the entirety of Magic because of its misprint with a blue border. On the secondary market it sells for thousands of dollars. The print run was recalled and destroyed; however, about 40 booster boxes that were shipped to England and Tennessee survived. No more than 11 or 12 of each rare exists.

This print run is known primarily for its extremely scarce and valuable cards and packs. Cards are distinguished by dark coloring and a 1994 copyright date displayed at the bottom, along with the artist credit. Booster packs look identical to normal Revised Edition packs, and as such, telling them apart is impossible without opening them. No starter decks were made.

Notable cards and card changes
Twenty Revised cards were originally in the Arabian Nights expansion, and another nineteen were originally in the Antiquities expansion. Thirty-five cards that were in Unlimited were not in Revised, including the Power Nine. A few of the cards that were removed from the base set reappeared in later sets, such as, which would be reprinted in Ice Age. A few others would be reprinted in Eighth Edition to celebrate the game's 10th anniversary. Cards removed were generally thought to either be confusing, or to have power level issues.

Notable cards include:
 * The Dual Lands: ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ' and '. These lands provide two colors of mana with the benefit of possessing two basic land types, an uncommon trait on non-basic lands. All future dual lands would be printed with restrictions. They are now a defining part of the Legacy and Vintage formats, due in particular to their ability to be searched for by the various Fetchlands released many years later. While many cards were removed from Revised for power reasons, the original dual lands were retained.
 *  – The original and most powerful "tutor" card ever printed. This card is restricted in Vintage and banned in Legacy. All future tutors were printed with restrictions or made more expensive like Odyssey's.
 *  - This blue card was printed with the wrong art and a green card frame, making it the most commonly seen misprint.
 *  – While all of the zero-casting cost mana artifacts were removed from Revised, Sol Ring remained with its single casting cost. Its mana acceleration has caused it to be restricted in Vintage and banned in Legacy.

Fourth Edition
The Fourth Edition of Magic: The Gathering was the tenth set released for the game, and the fourth base set. The set was released in April 1995 and contained 378 cards. It was the first set to reprint cards from the expansions Legends and The Dark. Fourth Edition cards have white borders. The set has no expansion symbol.

Fourth Edition was the first Magic set to be printed in Asian languages. It was published in English, French, German, Italian, and as a first for a Magic set in Japanese, traditional Chinese, Korean, Spanish, and Portuguese, which was printed primarily for the Brazilian market. Korean and Chinese Fourth Edition cards have been made with black borders, Japanese, Portuguese, and Spanish cards exist with white and black borders.

Physical attributes
Fourth Edition included the beveled border missing from the previous core set, Revised. The colors were also much more saturated than in Revised. This set was also the first core set to include a Wizards of the Coast copyright notice at the bottom of the card, in addition to the standard illustration credit.

Booster packs, for the first time in a core set, came in packs with cropped card art on the packaging. Up to this point, Alpha, Beta, Unlimited, and Revised all had a common-looking booster pack packaging. The cards Brass Man, Hurloon Minotaur, Mana Vault, Mesa Pegasus, and Spirit Link were shown on the booster packs. Starter packs were also improved, with mana symbols replacing the simple colored dots present on the card back. Finally, an overall red-brown theme was given to the packaging, which would persist for Fifth Edition before changing to green in 6th Edition.

Starter decks in this set included an additional rare, bringing the total to three. However, the starter decks contained fewer uncommons, going down to nine from the previous thirteen. Booster Packs included one rare, three uncommons, and eleven commons. Fourth Edition was the first set to offload its land printings to a dedicated land sheet. This freed up room on the other card sheets to include more spells. As a result, booster packs could now be produced without any lands, which Wizards decided to do. Fourth Edition lands were only available in starter decks. The change was mostly seen as a positive, since by this time lands were ubiquitous and players were unhappy to find a land in place of a "real" card.

Fourth Edition introduced the modern turned arrow tapped symbol, replacing the rotated "T" that had been introduced in Revised, as a universal tap symbol to include on cards in all language editions of the game. This symbol was first used in an expansion with Ice Age, which was released in the summer. Current cards still use the turned arrow, albeit with a slightly different illustration.

Cards removed
Like the previous core set and all core sets since, several cards were removed and new ones were added from Fourth Edition. Among those cards removed were those that had attracted controversy from those outside the game. Most of the cards whose art depicted nude or near-nude humanoid forms (including and ) were excised, as were many that had overtly religious themes (including  and ), though one demon,, remained. One card, Unholy Strength had its artwork altered to remove a flaming inverted pentagram in the background (as compared to this). Also removed were the original ten "dual lands" (one for each pair of Magic's five colors). With the ability to tap for one mana of either of two colors, they were deemed too powerful. A number of other cards would also be pruned from the set for being too powerful, but some (such as ) would appear in future sets.

Alternate Fourth Edition
Wizards has used Cartamundi as their card printer since Alpha. For some undocumented reason, during the production of 4th Edition, the company experimented with using other vendors. Some cards were printed by the United States Playing Card Corporation, and had a thicker stock along with a glossy overcoat on the back. While these cards were not intended to be released, some starter packs were leaked out into public circulation. The cards do not glow under blacklight, unlike normal cards, and did not have the normal dot design on the back.

Notable cards

 *  – This card can act as a Wrath of God, Armageddon, and Mind Twist all at once if played at the right time. It was one of the few extremely powerful cards left in the 4th Edition. Even after its restriction, it was still able to warp tournament formats.
 *  – While most of the cards deemed too powerful were removed from 4th Edition, this one was actually added in. Strip Mine was originally from Antiquities but had not been included in Revised. Tournament play quickly showed that Strip Mine was too powerful and it was eventually restricted to one per deck in Standard and Vintage. Today it is banned in Legacy. Over time, Wizards of the Coast has come to downplay land destruction as an element of the game and Strip Mine has not been reprinted since in a regular set in part due to this policy.

Fifth Edition
Fifth Edition was the seventeenth Magic: The Gathering set, released in March 1997. It contained 449 cards, counting multiple illustrations of the basic lands, making it the largest card set in the game's history. It was the first edition of the core set to reprint cards from Fallen Empires, Ice Age, and Homelands.

Like its predecessors, Revised and Fourth Editions, Fifth Edition made numerous changes to the game's rules and card mix. The set's designers stated in The Duelist that they wanted to prune from the base set cards that were too powerful or too weak. Many overpowered cards from Limited and Unlimited Editions that had survived the past two rotations were removed from Fifth, but a handful, including, still survived. Unlike its predecessors, though, Fifth Edition also removed many cards that Magic ' s Design and Development team saw as just a little bit too good, but not quite so powerful as to heavily disrupt tournaments, including, , and. Many of these cards were brought back in later sets after the designers had re-evaluated their impact on play. A few cards that were in Revised but had been cut from Fourth were brought back as well.

Fifth Edition also set a new precedent by changing the artwork and/or flavor text on many cards, especially the five basic lands, each of which was given four new illustrations to replace its original three. This was done so that WotC would not have to continue to pay for the use of many arts done for earlier sets, as originally artists were paid royalties for their artwork being used, instead of a flat fee as is done today for new Magic art.

Fifth Edition was the first version of the base set to reprint cards from the Fallen Empires and Homelands expansion sets; it also reprinted more cards from those sets than any other version of the base set has. Because those expansion sets were perceived by some players as weak, there was some dissatisfaction with the Fifth Edition card mix. However, many of the reprinted cards were good enough to be used in tournaments, and at least one Ice Age card,, was later considered so overpowered as to merit banning from a number of sanctioned tournament formats.

Fifth Edition was the first version of the base set to use the cosmetic changes that were introduced in the Mirage expansion (including a slightly expanded text box and bolder, more visible power/toughness numbers) It was also the last version of the base set to use what are sometimes referred to as the "old rules". The rules were drastically changed in Sixth Edition.

Sixth Edition
Sixth Edition, also known as Classic, was released on April 27, 1999. It contains 350 cards including both reprints of cards from previous core sets as well as new reprints from expansion sets through the Weatherlight expansion. The name "Classic" was prominently featured on cases of packs of the set, and the set was referred to by both titles by both Wizards of the Coast and players.

Sixth Edition was the first base set to have its artist information centered on the card (a printing practice started in Exodus). It was also the first base set to have collectors' numbers (which also originated in Exodus). The rules text on basic lands was also replaced with just a mana symbol, as featured in the Portal starter sets of 1997 and 1998.

Perhaps the biggest cosmetic change to the base set, however, was the expansion symbol. Sixth Edition was the first core set to have an expansion symbol, which was necessary to show the cards' rarities (another practice that originated in Exodus). The set's expansion symbol was the Roman numeral VI, or 6. (This change had occurred slightly earlier in the Traditional Chinese version of Fifth Edition, which used a Roman Numeral 'V' as the expansion set. The Traditional Chinese version came out notably later than the English version, by which time Wizards of the Coast had decided the feature was necessary.)

Rule changes
The release of Sixth Edition brought a new version of the rules. Notable changes included:
 * The "batch" system of spell resolution was replaced with the "stack" system in Sixth Edition. Previously, spells resolved in complicated batches, in which a player could only respond to the spells in the batch. Also, once a batch began to resolve, no more spells could be played until the entire batch of spells resolved. This was replaced with the stack system (much like a computer stack), in which spells could be added regardless of what was on it. Also, spells resolve one at a time in the stack, utilizing the "last in first out" system.
 * The new stack system removed the "timing" aspect of spells. Therefore, the interrupt spell type was removed as being redundant. All spells that were interrupts (generally counterspells) became instants.
 * Before Sixth Edition, spells and abilities that produced mana were known as mana sources and couldn't be countered. In Sixth Edition, mana source spells (such as ) became instants, which could be countered just like other instants. (Mana source abilities, on the other hand, became "mana abilities"; these didn't use the stack and still could not be countered.)
 * Triggered abilities were clarified. Under the old system, these confused many players who didn't know how (or when) to respond to them. With the "timing" aspect removed in Sixth Edition, it became clearer just when a player could play a spell to combat a triggered ability.
 * The "damage-prevention step" was removed. Now, when a spell deals damage, it deals it immediately on resolution, rather than waiting for damage prevention. The difference lies in when a player can play damage prevention: Previously, a player would play it after the damage spell resolves. After the rule change, the player had to play it before the damage spell resolves.
 * Artifacts also received a rule change. Before the change, an artifact "shut off" or stopped working while it was tapped, unless it was an artifact creature. After, an artifact remains active while tapped. This was to bring artifacts more in line with other cards. Some artifacts (like and ) retained the "shut off" aspect, which necessitated explicitly printing that they only worked while untapped.
 * Combat was restructured. Each step of combat was clearly demarcated, and each step had opportunities for players to play spells.
 * Combat damage from creatures was also put on the stack where spells and abilities would normally go. In this way, combat damage could be responded to before the damage is actually dealt. This allowed (among other things) creatures in combat to be sacrificed for effects and still deal damage as though they were still in play. This change would later be reversed in the rule changes introduced with the Magic 2010 core set.
 * One of the loss conditions was changed. Before the change, a player that lost all of their life didn't lose the game immediately; if they were able to raise their life to at least 1 before the end of the current phase, they lived. Under 6th Edition rules, a player loses the game as soon as a player has priority once their life total is zero or less. This brought that loss condition in line with the other loss condition specified by the rules; a player being forced to draw a card when he or she has an empty library has always been an immediate loss.
 * Originally, spells that summoned creatures were called summon spells; they were not used to represent creatures unless the creature in question had been successfully summoned and was in play. However, a few cards like Raise Dead had been incorrectly referring to summon spells as "creatures" or "creature spells" for a long time regardless of their location. Rather than correct the wording on these cards, WotC decided to abolish summon spells entirely and replace them with the functionally equivalent "creature spell"
 * Originally, if two cards had the same ability, that ability would be expressed the same way on both cards. Starting in 6E, lands would no longer have their abilities written out. Instead, a giant mana symbol appeared in the text box. However, cards that had the exact same ability as a basic land, such as Llanowar Elves, would still have the ability written out.
 * Banding was discontinued

Some of these changes were well-received, but the combination of all of the changes proved to be extremely controversial and divisive, and was compared to the Portal set and rules. The state of the game prior to these changes was often referred to as "real Magic" by people who hated the changes, a fact that Wizards of the coast eventually acknowledged on the "Old Fogey" card from the Unhinged expansion.

Seventh Edition
Seventh Edition was a Magic: The Gathering set released on April 2, 2001. It is the only core set since the original Limited Edition to have introduced all-new art for every card. The set contained 350 cards. The expansion symbol was a stylized 7.

Despite being an "Advanced" level set, Seventh Edition contained a separate basic subset for new players similar to the products that were previously offered as Starter 2000. Cards that appeared in the Seventh Edition Starter special pre-constructed theme decks did not appear in boosters. This would be the last starter level product released by Wizards of the Coast.

Seventh Edition was the last base set printed in the 'old' frame; Eighth Edition introduced the modern card frame. Seventh was the first base set to contain foil cards, which were printed with black borders. It was the last base set to be released prior to the final expansion of the then-current block (Seventh Edition was released before Apocalypse). Starting with Eighth Edition, the base set editions (which, with 8th, would become known as Core Set editions) were released after the last expansion of the then-current block and before the first expansion of the subsequent block.

Unusually for a core set, Seventh featured a loose storyline that tied together most of the cards in a core set, a practice usually reserved for expansion sets. The story involved a conflict between the North, South, East, and West Paladins. Magic Origins, 14 years later, would also feature a loose story.

Eighth Edition
Eighth Edition, also known as Core Set, was a Magic: The Gathering set released on July 28, 2003. Its expansion symbol is the number 8 with 3 cards behind it. Eighth Edition was released to coincide with the 10th anniversary of the original release of Magic. Every previous expansion had at least one card reprinted in Eighth that had not been reprinted in the base set before, with a series of votes on the Wizards website deciding what got reprinted. Eighth was also the first base set with a promotional card given to players who played in a prerelease tournament. Eighth features many cards from older base sets and expansions. While many of these cards were powerful during their original print run, on the whole they were not perceived as measuring up to the power in Standard at the time, known for "Affinity" decks powered by cards from the Mirrodin block. Thus, few cards in Eighth Edition saw tournament play.

A new card face was introduced in Eighth Edition. The colored frames around the edges of the card were redesigned and narrowed, boxes were placed around card names and creatures' power and toughness, card names were printed in a new font (Matrix Bold, rather than Goudy Medieval), artifacts switched from a brown background to a silvery-white background, and mana symbols appearing in the text box were no longer colored. The later two changes themselves were changed shortly thereafter; in Fifth Dawn, the artifact face was darkened to be more distinguishable from white cards. In Champions of Kamigawa, Wizards restored colored mana symbols in card text boxes.

Several tournament staples which had appeared in 7th Edition, including, , , and , were not present in Eighth Edition. The Circle of Protection series, a perennial core set entity, remained in the set but changed from common to uncommon. A number of simple cards, such as, were reprinted only for products directed at new players and were not present in booster packs.

Ninth Edition
Ninth Edition was a Magic set released on July 29, 2005. It continued Eighth Edition's terminology change of referring to itself as a core set. Ninth Edition contained 350 cards available in booster packs, all reprints from earlier Magic sets. Similar to Eight Edition, the Ninth Edition Core Game contained 9 "starter cards", labeled with the collector numbers S1 through S10 (there is no card labeled S6, however), which were not available in booster packs. These were simple "vanilla" creatures, such as, which were designed to introduce new players to the game.

Ninth Edition features only mechanics present in previous expansions. However, Ninth Edition does modify the list of mechanics considered suitable for base sets. The trample and protection mechanics were included after being removed from Classic Sixth Edition and later base sets. Equipment, first introduced in the Mirrodin set, is also in Ninth Edition, although it was moved up in rarity. Furthermore, all mechanics now have reminder text; mechanics such as flying and trample did not in earlier sets. Ninth Edition is also the first set to be printed using the new template for enchantments. Previously, enchantments that were played on other permanents were called "local enchantments" and were printed with the type "Enchant creature", "Enchant land", etc. With the Champions of Kamigawa set, Wizards of the Coast made an effort to simplify the type line, which had contained rules interactions that were not written on the card. "Enchant [entity]" was changed to "Enchantment - Aura" and the targeting restriction moved to the text box. Mark Gottlieb explained the changes in the article "Aura Hygiene". Errata was issued to make all such cards conform to this template, and Ninth Edition became the first set where the cards were actually printed with this changed wording.

With Ninth Edition came a redesign of Fat Packs, special products that came with an array of both booster packs and side Magic items such as life counters. The Fat Pack consisted of two boxes wrapped around by a card box wrapper featuring new art. The player's guide was also reduced in size but was now sturdier. Also added were 6 divider pieces with artwork for inside the boxes.

As of 2013, Ninth Edition is the last Magic set to be printed with white borders. The set's premium foil cards were printed with black borders. Cards made available in Cyrillic when Ninth Edition was marketed in Russia also were black-bordered; this marked the first time a new language had been printed for the game since Simplified Chinese was added to Fifth Edition.

Tenth Edition
Tenth Edition was a Magic set released on July 13, 2007, replacing Ninth Edition as the core set of cards for standard tournament play. The symbol for Tenth Edition is the Roman numeral "X". As part of their "Selecting Tenth Edition" promotion, Wizards of the Coast gave fans the chance to manage a part of the set's brand. The results gave the Roman numeral "X" over the number "10", along with many other card, art, and flavor text choices. Tenth Edition was the first core set since Beta to be printed with black-bordered cards, rather than white-bordered ones. Tenth Edition is also the first core set to include legendary creatures (two of each color), bringing back flavorful relics of Magic's past such as, and.

As with Eighth and Ninth Edition, part of the development process for Tenth Edition included allowing fans to select certain cards for inclusion in the set. This process began in mid-June 2006 and continued for 10 weeks. Tenth Edition starter packs include land cards from Magic's next set, Lorwyn.

Foil cards in Tenth Edition do not have reminder text. Many use the extra space to add flavor text that does not appear on the nonfoil versions. Others, such as, simply center their existing text in the text box for added impact.

The keywords defender, double strike, equip, fear, first strike, flash, flying, haste, landwalk, lifelink, protection, reach, regeneration, shroud, trample, and vigilance are in Tenth Edition. Of these, defender, double strike, flash, lifelink, reach and shroud appeared in core sets for the first time. Tenth Edition also reprinted several cards from previous sets with changed rarity, such as and.


text:
Jack Goldman

Jacob E. "Jack" Goldman (July 18, 1921 – December 20, 2011) was an American physicist and former chief scientist of Xerox Corporation. He was also a faculty member at Carnegie Tech and directed the Ford Scientific Laboratory. He is especially notable for hiring physicist Dr. George Pake to create the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, which produced many seminal ideas in modern computing.

Goldman was born in Brooklyn, New York, and died in Westport, Connecticut.

Among the projects that Goldman worked on at Ford in the 1960s was the sodium–sulfur battery for electric cars. After narrowly surviving a fiery crash of his gasoline-powered Lincoln, Goldman quipped "I guess I proved gasoline is more dangerous than a sodium–sulfur battery."

Jack Goldman died from congestive heart failure on December 20, 2011.

title: Jack Goldman


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User talk:HittheSwitch

Please don't write rubbish at wikipedia, SqueakBox 05:11, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:HittheSwitch


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Tian Feng

Tian Feng (died November 200 ), courtesy name Yuanhao, was a Chinese politician serving under the warlord Yuan Shao during the late Eastern Han dynasty.

Life
There are two accounts of Tian Feng's origins: One said that he was from Julu Commandery (鉅鹿郡), which is around present-day Julu County, Hebei; the other claimed that he was from Bohai Commandery (勃海郡), which is around present-day Nanpi County, Hebei. He lost his parents at a young age and lived a rather unhappy life. However, he was known for being well-read, knowledgeable and intelligent. He started his career probably sometime during the reign of Emperor Ling ((r. undefined – undefined) 168–189) as a minor official in the office of the Grand Commandant (太尉). Later, he was nominated as a maocai (茂才; outstanding civil service candidate) and promoted to an Imperial Clerk (御史). When the eunuch faction dominated the imperial court, Tian Feng felt so disillusioned with politics that he resigned and returned home.

Around 190, the warlord Yuan Shao joined a coalition of warlords in a campaign against the tyrannical warlord Dong Zhuo, who controlled the Han central government and the figurehead Emperor Xian. He had heard of Tian Feng and wanted to recruit him as an adviser, so he sent Tian Feng expensive gifts and wrote him a letter in a humble and sincere tone. Tian Feng accepted the invitation because he saw it as an opportunity for him to serve the Han Empire and save it from collapse. Yuan Shao appointed him as an Attendant Officer (別駕).

Around 195, Tian Feng advised Yuan Shao to welcome Emperor Xian to Ji Province so that he could control the Emperor and use him as a "trump card" against rival warlords. However, Yuan Shao refused after listening to his other advisers. Eventually, Yuan Shao's rival Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian to his base in Xu (許; present-day Xuchang, Henan) and established the new imperial capital there.

Throughout the 190s, Yuan Shao engaged Gongsun Zan in a war for supremacy over northern China. During the Battle of Jieqiao in 192, when Yuan Shao came under attack by Gongsun Zan, Tian Feng urged him to take cover behind a wall, but Yuan Shao threw his helmet to the ground and said it would be cowardly of him to hide behind a wall. Nevertheless, Yuan Shao heeded Tian Feng's advice and managed to defeat Gongsun Zan at the Battle of Yijing in 199. After securing his control over the four provinces in northern China, Yuan Shao prepared to wage war against Cao Cao and launch an attack on the imperial capital Xu. Tian Feng and Ju Shou advised Yuan Shao to adopt a slow, steady and step-by-step approach, so as to gradually wear out Cao Cao's forces. However, Yuan Shao heeded the advice of Guo Tu and others instead, and chose to start an all-out war against Cao Cao immediately.

In 200, when Cao Cao was away attacking Liu Bei in Xu Province, Tian Feng urged Yuan Shao to seize the opportunity to launch an attack on Cao Cao's base at Xu. However, Yuan Shao refused and said that he was more concerned about his son, who was sick. The frustrated Tian Feng hit the ground with his staff and said, "What a pity that he let a rare opportunity slip by just because of a child's illness!" In the meantime, Cao Cao defeated Liu Bei and retook Xu Province. Liu Bei fled north after his defeat and took shelter under Yuan Shao.

Later in 200, before the Battle of Guandu, Tian Feng analysed the situation, advised Yuan Shao to fight a long-term war against Cao Cao and pointed out how it would work to Yuan Shao's advantage. When Yuan Shao refused to listen, Tian Feng repeatedly attempted to push his ideas through. Yuan Shao, thinking that Tian Feng was trying to dampen his troops' morale, became furious and ordered Tian Feng to be put in chains and thrown into prison.

After Yuan Shao lost the Battle of Guandu against Cao Cao, someone told Tian Feng, "Your talents will be put to good use again." Tian Feng, however, replied, "If our army won the battle, I will survive; if they lost, I will die." Tian Feng was not on good terms with Pang Ji, one of Yuan Shao's other advisers. After the battle, Pang Ji lied to Yuan Shao that Tian Feng had clapped his hands and had rejoiced upon hearing of their defeat. Yuan Shao became so angry that he ordered Tian Feng's execution.

title: Tian Feng


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Talk:Hispanophone

Please remove Brazil from this article
there is no such thing as a brazilian speaking portuñol as a primary language or secondary language, it's not even a recognized language, i live in Brazil and i never heard of such thing,no such thing as 20 million hispanics in brazil, that is complete BullS***, Spanish is tought in brazilian schools but that doesn't mean that it's considered a hispanophone country, Australia also teaches spanish in schools, Lol, this article is completely messed up, saying that brazil is part of the hispanophone is like saying that Brazil is also considered part of the german speaking world because there are some german brazilians that speak a variety of german

Prove that there isn't "20 million hispanics in brazil"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Brazil — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jan Gabriel Viljoen (talk • contribs) 23:59, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

Mr. Jan gabriel, you should prove that there is 20 milion hispanics in Brazil.Where they came from? From Mars? Even you show a wikipedia article, it's not fully academic. Anyone can change datas e informations. So you can lie that there are 100 milions of icelanders living in Brazil, for exemple.

BRAZILIANS ARE NOT HISPANICS!!!! WE SPEAK PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE AND JUST A BRAZILIAN WITH ANY TRAINING CAN UNDERSTAND SPANISH LANGUAGE. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 186.204.175.222 (talk) 03:58, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

'...migrated to the new lands they had conquered.' The warriors that conquered the indigenous empires initially comprised mostly of other native nations. In the subsequent decades and centuries Old World diseases wiped out a large percentage of the native population, including indigenous allies, which allowed biracials/mestizos, who were less susceptible to these diseases thus were able to thrive at their expense and have also outnumbered those of pure European ancestry early on in the colonization process, to gain the ascendancy and gradually absorb, forcefully or voluntarily, the remaining indigenous populations spread across the region. So labelling these events as a solely Spanish effort isn’t entirely accurate.

In the US
How true is it that "hispanophone" is used as a synonym for "Hispanic" in the U.S.? It seems to me (an American from the Northeast) that they mean subtly, but clearly, different things. "Hispanic" as used in the United States refers to someone whose recent ancestors are from the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America, and is used more or less interchangeably with "Latino" (although the former term is often taken to be somewhat patronizing). One does not have to actually speak Spanish to be considered Hispanic, just as a person whose ancestors are from Italy does not have to actually speak Italian in order to be considered "Italian" in an American context. In my view, "hispanophone" seems clearly to mean "speaker of Spanish", not just someone with family roots in Spanish-speaking culture. I rarely hear "hispanophone" used all that much, so perhaps it is used (in the Southwest, perhaps?) in the same sense as "Hispanic". I welcome any input on this point. --Skoosh 05:12, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You're correct that they are different. A "Hispanophone" is a Spanish-speaking person, just as a "Francophone" is French-speaking and "Anglophone" English-speaking.  "Hispanic origin" is an ethnic category.  In the 2000 census, 12.5% of the population was of Hispanic origin, while 10.7% of the population spoke Spanish.  Thus there are some people who are Hispanic but not Hispanophones (and there may well be Hispanophones who aren't Hispanic). Funnyhat 04:26, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

Although it is true that the term Hispanic and Hispanophone are two different thing there is another factor in determining someone who is Hispanophone because if you continue living in the Hispanic tradition and culture but do not speak spanish such as the Filipinos they are still Hispanic in culture. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.58.177.208 (talk) 01:24, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

98.14.179.69 (talk) 14:19, 15 December 2010 (UTC)== New Mexico ==

Should New Mexico be added to the map? Spanish is an official language there. BobbyAFC 20:51, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * It doesn't have an official name (not even English), no matter how commons is Spanish. See the New Mexico article. Mariano (t/c) 08:50, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

Not if it is inside of the United States... But what kind of credibility do I have? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.129.85.4 (talk • contribs)

This is a widespread misunderstanding. New Mexico actually has no official language. Certain governments documents appear--but are not, except for ballots, required to appear--in multiple languages, but that happens in most states to varying degrees. 98.14.179.69 (talk) 14:19, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

Overall, I find this section of the article to be misleading. Few Americans, if asked, would describe the US as part of a Hispanosphere in any meaningful sense. Rather, the US is the locus of the Anglosphere, the larget English-speaking country in the world. The overwhelming majority of Americans are monolingual in English--sometimes proudly, defiantly so--and Americans are notorious the world over for their reluctance to learn foreign languages. The fact that the US receives large numbers of Latin American immigrants does not make it Hispanophone in any deep way. The largest ancestral group in the US would actually be German, but this demographic bent does not make the US part of the German Sprachraum. Even in areas like Miami where Spanish has an important role, English is the lingua franca and the language of upward mobility. There's a kind of Spanish imperialism built into this article, as one user noted about the section on Brazil. The presence of pockets of Spanish speakers does not necessarily subvert the dominant language and culture of any society. I think this article calls for radical revision.98.14.179.69 (talk) 14:35, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

The Hispanophone country map is confusing. (One shade of blue can have two different meanings across one map - one meaning for the United States section and another for other countries.) Is there anyone who could create a separate map of the United States, with the information on the amount of Spanish spoken in the American states? The original Hispanophone country map could ask the reader to refer to the special case of the United States. 70.138.217.107 (talk) 23:57, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

Western Sahara are 'not' Hispanics nor a Spanish speaking nation
There is a problem with the Hispanophone map. The problem is that the Western Sahara region is shaded green. The green shade needs to be erazed because the Majority of the people of Western Sahara are 'not' Hispanics nor a Spanish speaking population. The Majority of it's people are of Arabic and African descent. Arabic is the official language of Western Sahara and it remains the sole language of the country. The map needs to be change because it is giving out mis-leading information. thanks!--Cajamarca express 2:48 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Well to be truthfull the really only Hispanics are Spaniards. Western Saharans have the same right to be "Hispanics" as Mexicans and Cubans. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Casey14 (talk • contribs) 19:19, 17 April 2007 (UTC).
 * Spanish is talked by the free saharauis (those who don't live in occupied territories) this is only thanks to Cuba and it's usually taught by Cuban teachers. http://www.lavozdegalicia.com/santiago/2008/03/04/0003_6622703.htm http://www.diagonalperiodico.net/spip.php?article6301 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.103.137.161 (talk) 10:19, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

Morocco and Western Sahara
In the map Morocco and Western Sahara appear as Hispanophone (albeit stating that they are "Countries and regions where the Spanish language is spoken without official recognition, or where Spanish-based créole languages (Chamorro, Chavacano, Papiamento, Portuñol, etc) are spoken with or without official recognition, and areas with a strong Hispanic influence."). I believe that Spanish speaking populations outside Ceuta and Melila are neglectable. I'm raising this issue at the Commons. Thank you! The Ogre 13:56, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
 * The text even states that Northern Morocco was a Spanish colony! if you read the article on Morocco, the situation was much more complex, it states "Successful Portuguese efforts to invade and control the Atlantic coast in the fifteenth century did not profoundly affect the Mediterranean heart of Morocco. After the Napoleonic Wars, Egypt and the North African maghreb became increasingly ungovernable from Istanbul, the resort of pirates under local beys, and as Europe industrialized, an increasingly prized potential for colonization. The Maghreb had far greater proven wealth than the unknown rest of Africa and a location of strategic importance affecting the exit from the Mediterranean. For the first time, Morocco became a state of some interest in itself to the European Powers. France showed a strong interest in Morocco as early as 1830. Recognition by the United Kingdom in 1904 of France's sphere of influence in Morocco provoked a German reaction; the crisis of June 1905 was resolved at the Algeciras Conference, Spain in 1906, which formalized France's "special position" and entrusted policing of Morocco to France and Spain jointly. A second Moroccan crisis provoked by Berlin, increased tensions between European powers. The Treaty of Fez (signed on March 30, 1912) made Morocco a protectorate of France. By the same treaty, Spain assumed the role of protecting power over the northern and southern Saharan zones on November 27 that year."!!! The Ogre 13:56, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Brazil
Hispanophone imperialism is just hilarious. There's no such thing as people speaking Spanish or Spanish based languages as first language in Brazil! That's completely erroneous and should be changed!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.155.244.18 (talk • contribs)

Actually there are at least 20 million hispanics in Brazil many still use Spanish as a first language. Your statement is based on the fact the Brazil only has one official language. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.165.197.205 (talk) 03:40, 27 February 2009 (UTC) <!--Autosigned by SineBot--

People forget that although Portuguese is the official language of Brazil there are many Spanish and Hispanic migrants in Brazil that speak Spanish as a first language but also speak Portuguese. This is never acknowledged anywhere they seem to think that spanish speakers simply disappear when they move to Brazil, ignorant thinking.

 * Just go to the border areas and also into the big cities. Millions of Brazilians speak Spanish as either a first or second language. Hardly surprising given the geography of the country and its rapidly growing economic links with the rest of South America.

Hispanics in the United States - requested move
Hello everyone. There is at present a discussion going on at Hispanics in the United States, due to the request that the page be moved to Hispanic Americans. Would you like to comment please? Thank you. The Ogre 18:02, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

Merge with Hispanic Culture
Dbachmann proposed this article should be merged with Hispanic culture. I desagree - the reason being Hispanic Culture is a redirect to just Hispanic (but not Talk:Hispanic culture though!). Is this what Dbachmann had in mind - for Hispanophone to be merged with Hispanic? Please clarify. Thanks! The Ogre (talk) 20:13, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

I decided to merge Hispanic culture into Hispanic instead (which is why it is now a redirect). I don't suggest any further mergers. dab (𒁳) 19:06, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

 * on second thoughts, there is nothing here that isn't also covered at Hispanic. So we should perhaps merge this stub there after all. But I don't insist. dab (𒁳) 19:20, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

The article is now bloated with stuff that duplicates and belongs in the Hispanic articles. This article is now arguably a WP:POV fork. --JWB (talk) 04:35, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

Neologism?
I've never actually seen this term used in English (as opposed to French), and identifies it as a neologism. --JWB (talk) 20:20, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

 * It gets 74k Google hits, which surprised me. (I filtered out Wikipedia and its mirrors, as Wikipedia itself recommends).
 * But this article desperately needs better sourcing. SamEV (talk) 07:08, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Blah blah blah about nations/subcultures in Spain
I see that the fringe regionalists from Spain have hijacked this page to try to "educate" with their propaganda the "true" reality of Spain. I don't understand why there is such a long section filled with such blatantly non-neutral points of views even most people from those opressed nations without states within the artificial Spanish state.

Enough wikipedia pages have been hijacked by this fringe. Does this page need to be as well?

This is an articule about the "Hispanophone world." To my knowledge, even without taking into account regionalist whining, Spain as a state is a Hispanophone country. I see it being very appropriate to note that there are other languages within the nation that are used by significant minorities of the population. But I don't understand this need to trash the article with this "nation/subculture" nonsense.

Eboracum (talk) 16:58, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I am taking out all the aforementioned nonsense. It does not belong in this page to begin with and is hardly a NPOV Eboracum (talk) 21:53, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

The article refers to Castile as THE economic territory of Spain. Politically, most definitely. Economic? The ports of Bilbao and Barcelona are critical and were historically a major reason for Spain's interest in them. Further, the Basque regions contain extremely important financial and industrial centers. This has historically made control of Basque areas critical to Spain. Further, in addition to cultural and political identity, economic independence has historically been an important tenent of Basque and Catalan seperatist movements. Perhaps a more neutral point of view would refer to Castile as the politically and culturally dominant territory. Dispite my comments about economic importance, modern Basque and Catalan areas are culturally dominated by Spain's central regions, dispite the efforts of many to maintain seperate identities. Just sayin'. Ingcupes (talk) 17:33, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

Wrong method for calculating Spanish-speaking population
I think it is very important to make a clear distinction between people who actually speak Spanish every day (active speakers), and people who are able to speak Spanish but actually don't speak it for several reasons (passive speakers).

The former are those who live countries, regions or cities where Spanish language is widely spoken everywhere, eg Madrid, Argentina, Mexico DF and so on. The latter are those people who know Spanish because they attend to Spanish accademies in non Spanish-speaking countries or regions, those who just attend to Spanish lessons at school since Spanish is a mandatory foreign language in their countries, those who have Spanish-speaking parents and so on.

To make things easier, in this group the following cases should be taken into account:

1) A Swede who is attending to a Spanish language accademy (eg Cervantes Institute).

2) A Mexican Indian who knows Spanish because it's official in the whole country but actually doesn't use it since his context is non Spanish-speaking.

3) A Spanish citizen who was born in the central Catalonia, where the 90% of total population speaks only Catalan in daily situations (Catalan-speaking context).

4) A Spanish citizen who was born in a Spanish-speaking context (eg Madrid) but who moved to a non Spanish-speaking country (eg China, where nobody speaks Spanish).

Note that it has nothing to do with Spanish being or not the official language. Indeed, in the 2nd and 3rd cases Spanish is an official language, but the context is non Spanish-speaking. It has neither anything to do with Spanish being mother tongue. Indeed, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd cases consist of people who don't have Spanish as mother tongue.

I think just in the way I explained before we'll be able to develop an accurate article. --Mreq (talk) 19:34, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Wrong Hispanosphere map
The world map of the section "Hispanosphere" has to be corrected. In the Spanish regions of Catalonia, Valencian Community, Balearic Islands, Basque Country and Galicia Spanish is not the sole official language, and thus these territories should be coloured in dark blue. --Mreq (talk) 19:18, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

 * As the spanish is official language there i think it must appear as dark blue. Other way it would be a complete nonsense. i.e. Go to Barcelona, Valencia, Vigo, Mallorca and Bilbao and hear the voice of the street. iT is spanish —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.0.43.16 spanish 7 (talk) 14:31, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

 * It has nothing to do with social use, I'm talking about shared officiality. In the regions I mentioned Spanish is not the sole official language, so it should be coloured in dark blue. The only nonsensical position is yours.
 * --Mreq (talk) 22:14, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

Cities, regions or towns where spanish creoles are spoken such as Chavacano in The Philippines or Papiamentu in the Netherlands Antilles should be included in the hispanophone map being part of the speaking world as creoles are intelligible to native speakers. FiLoCo (talk) 12:11, 21 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I would question the assertion that creoles are intelligible to native speakers...I can understand more than the average native hispanoparlante only because I don't speak only Spanish...so much so that I can understand Papiamentu better than I can understand Mexicans (especially from western Mexico!)... If regions where Spanish creoles are spoken are to be included, they should definitely be indicated as areas where Spanish creoles are spoken, rather than as areas where Spanish is spoken... I still say, for the record, that the map at present reeks of politicking, rather than doing true justice to the regions where Spanish is spoken...Tomertalk 10:22, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Andorra is not a Spanish speaking country
Andorra is not a Spanish speaking country, so I have eliminated it from the list of countries that "speak Spanish". Andorra official language is Catalan but neither French no Spanish are official. There is people speaking French, Portuguese or Spanish, but his does not make Andorra part of the Francophonie or the Lusofonia or the Spanish Sprachraum.

Enric (talk) 14:32, 26 August 2009 (UTC)Enric

 * The United States is on that list too. I'm pretty sure it's just supposed to be a list of countries where some people speak Spanish. --Alynna (talk) 00:48, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

Actually the reason why a majority of Andorans speak Spanish is because they are Spanish residents living in Andorra and since they are Hispanic they are considered a Spanish speaking majority there. Plus Andorra is technically part of Spain which it shares soviergnty with France. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rosadobigd (talk • contribs) 01:38, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

Hispanics in USA
There are 46,943,613 hispanics in USA according to the Census Bureau. 34,559,894 is a figure about the spanish speakers as a first language older than 5 years old (because they speak it at home and it is their mother tongue), but in any country all the population speaks spanish as a first language even in Spain (only 89% speak spanish as a first language). The figures of the table are all about the hispanic population. The other figure (34,559,894) would be correct if the table were about spanish speakers as a first language. --Migang2g (talk) 00:12, 26 October 2009 (UTC)

Spanish in Brazil
I want to make it clear to everyone that many Spanish and Hispanic people in the past and recently have moved to Brazil and their first language has and still is Spanish, but they simply learned Portuguese as a second language. First of all this native Spanish speakers did not disappear so to pretend to not show them on the map or even speak about the Hispanophone population and growth within in Brazil is ignorant and incorrect. Feel free to give me your thoughts thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rosadobigd (talk • contribs) 01:32, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

I just edit the format of Rosadobigd text.
 * There are millions that speak Spanish in Brazil as a first or second language. It is only a small percentage of Brazil's population, but significant.  They are near Brazils borders with Spanish speaking countries and in the big cities, as the economic integration of South America increases quickly. It is also easy for a Brazilian to learn Spanish, which is useful if he has business in other Latin American countries.

Official and co-official
There are several issues with the map of Spanish as official or co-official language. What is the criteria used to determine if a country has Spanish as a co-official rather than the sole official language?
 * Spain is shown as a country where Spanish is the sole official language. Yet, there are another 3 co-official languages Catalan (Valencian), Basque and Galician. Granted, these are co-official only in specific autonomous communities and not in the entire Spanish territory;
 * Then, following the same logic as above, Argentina is shown as a country where Spanish is the sole official language, even if in the province of Corrientes, Guaraní is co-official with Spanish;
 * Yet, Mexico is shown as a country where Spanish is co-official with other languages, even though there is not even a single legal document that has established Spanish as the official language in the country. There is a "General Law of Linguistic Right of the Indigenous Peoples" that declares that "indigenous languages [without specifying which] are also national languages equally valid in the territories in which they are spoken". In other words, the indigenous languages, declared "national" are "valid" [official?] only in the territories in which they are spoken, but not at a federal level. In other words, Nahuatl is equally valid to Spanish in the indigenous communities of the mountains of Puebla, but not in Yucatán, where it is not spoken.

Following the same logic as in Spain or Argentina, Mexico, if at all, should be shown as a country with a sole official language. Or, on the other hand, following the same logic as in Mexico, Argentina and Spain should be shown as countries where Spanish is co-official with other languages. -- the D únadan 19:59, 15 January 2011 (UTC)

BELIZE In Belize (Central America) according to their own Census, Spanish is the most spoken language by natives (46%), spoken as a second language by 65% of the population. So, Belize should be included in the list.--88.9.234.5 (talk) 13:16, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

Sahara
It is not clear how many speak Spanish in the Sahara. The 430,000 seem to be the total population. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.27.11.202 (talk) 15:11, 10 March 2012 (UTC)

Primary vs. secondary language
How can the number of people who speak Spanish as either primary or secondary language be smaller than the number of people who speak it as primary language? Surely the number of people who have it as secondary language cannot possibly be negative...? --Oddeivind (talk) 06:39, 3 June 2012 (UTC)
 * The article needs to clarify what is meant by "Secondary Also" to avoid this confusion. --Once in a Blue Moon (talk)
 * True, but none of the links under "Source" now work so we can't easily track back. To avoid having to maintain different tables in this difficult topic I'd favour removing this table and linking to the more complete one in Spanish language, which doesn't suffer from this problem at least Noyster (talk),  11:04, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

Mexico
In Mexico, Spanish is the only "national" language even if there are many minority languages like Nauahtl spoken by just 5% of the population but which the rest of Mexicans don´t know. In Spain, cooficial languages like Catalan have much more recognition.--213.60.237.52 (talk) 19:43, 15 March 2017 (UTC)

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Map of Languages in Spain
The map is slightly misleading. It's somewhat useful for historical language ranges, but these have long since passed. In Bilbao the capital of El Pais Vasco basque is incredibly rare to hear, but it's marked on the map as being a basque speaking region. Same is true for the Valencian Community, a dialect of Catalan was spoken there, however it's quite rare to hear Catalan now a days, as its been almost completely supplanted by Spanish. Even in Catalonia the majority language is Spanish and not Catalan. Given the current political situation in Spain, this map could be taken as being propagandistic.

Language of Cataluña by population and percentage there of: https://www.idescat.cat/pub/?id=eulp&n=3163&lang=es Valencian Community: http://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/2660_2679/2667/e266702.html El Pais Vasco: http://www.euskara.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/argitalpenak/es_6092/adjuntos/EEH/GAZTELAN/EEH2_CAS.PDF

I'm not saying that it has to be removed entirely, but it ought to be qualified because as is it's disingenuous. 181.137.201.190 (talk) 00:26, 24 August 2018 (UTC)

Brazilian fragility
What' is All the fuss over a tiny portion of Brazil on this map? it's not even the whole country. It's not even half. It's a small part that's listed and everyone is having a heart attack over it. chill out. what I find disturbing enough is why is Israel The United States of America & France colour coded? Regardless of the immigrants it has nothing to do with Hispanics. (If you don't count Florida & most of the Western USA & even that it's fringe) If Brazil "doesn't belong there" then sure enough the USA France and Israel doesn't belong there. What are they doing there? it's like placing Bulgaria as a Chinese speaking country because of some inhabitants. And by the way like it or not Brazil has ALOT more in common culturally with their Spanish speaking neighbor countries from Mexico to Peru to Colombia to Chile than Israel, USA or France. 76.167.193.57 (talk) 20:52, 7 June 2022 (UTC)

Phillippines in the map "Geographic distribution of the Spanish language"
Why does the Phillippines have a light blue dot over the island of Luzon? The dot doesn't have a dark outline like the dots used to symbolize smaller territories and no administrative divisions of Luzon are colored in. I think it should be removed or should be changed to match the style of the rest of the map. 69.75.36.225 (talk) 21:59, 27 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Hi there. The existing consensus is that while there is a Spanish-speaking community in the Philippines and the language is spoken, it is not spoken widely enough that it merits the entire country being colored in, which is why you see the blue dot over the area which is supposedly Manila. Although I do not personally agree with the outcome of this consensus, as I personally believe the country should be shaded in entirely, that is where the consensus currently stands, and better that Spanish-speaking Filipinos are at least represented in the map rather than, as some would want it to be, not represented at all. --Sky Harbor (talk) 00:51, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hispanophone


text:
Vilen Galstyan

Vilen Galstyan (Վիլեն Գալստյան, (Vilen Sargsyan) 12 February 1941 – 4 June 2021) was an Armenian ballet dancer and actor who was popular in the former U.S.S.R. and especially in Armenia. He was awarded by the People's Artist of Armenia honorary title.

Biography
Galstyan was born on 12 February 1941 in Yerevan. He trained at Yerevan Choreographic School, before he began performing with Spendiaryan Opera and Ballet Theater. He also performed internationally, including at the Bolshoi Theatre. He took part in a Canadian tour with Mikhail Baryshnikov, during which Baryshnikov defected. Galstyan stated that he was questioned by the KGB as a result. He won gold medals at Varna International Ballet Competition and another international competition in Cairo in 1968 and 1971 respectively. He appeared in over 60 films during his 40-year career, including in The Color of Pomegranates, after he was spotted by director Sergei Parajanov during a performance of Giselle.

After studying at the balletmaster department of Russian Institute of Theatre Arts, he started staging ballets worldwide. In 2000, he started the balletmaster department at Yerevan State Institute of Theatre and Cinematography. From 2014, he was the chief choreographer of Spendiaryan Opera and Ballet Theater. He also served as the director of Yerevan Choreographic College. He was awarded the People's Artist of Armenia honorary title.

He was married to ballet dancer and teacher Nadezhda Davtyan, and had a daughter who became an opera singer, and a son who is also a ballet dancer. He died on 4 June 2021.

title: Vilen Galstyan


text:
Tripp Eisen

Tod Rex Salvador (born June 29, 1965), known professionally as Tripp Eisen, is an American musician and convicted sex offender, best known as the former guitarist of industrial metal band Static-X. He is the current guitarist for the band Face Without Fear, and a former member of Dope, Murderdolls, and Roughhouse.

Dope (1997–2000)
Dope was formed in 1997, when Eisen met with brothers Edsel and Simon Dope. Eisen brought in friend Preston Nash to play drums, and the band worked the New York City club circuit. In 1998, Dope was signed to Flip/Sony records, and Eisen moved from bass guitar to lead guitar, bringing in Acey Slade—who had first referred Eisen to Dope a few years earlier—to play bass.

After the release of the album Felons and Revolutionaries (1999), the band toured extensively throughout the U.S. and Canada with acts such as Sevendust, Kid Rock, Static-X, Slipknot, Disturbed, Chevelle, Fear Factory, Staind, and Alice Cooper. During this time, Eisen met Wayne Static and Joey Jordison, with whom he would go on to collaborate. Eisen appeared in the Dope videos for "Sick" and "Everything Sucks", and gained much notoriety from his wild antics and stage persona. He split with the band in late 2000.

The debut album sold in excess of 250,000 copies.

Murderdolls (1999–2002)
Originally formed by Joey Jordison under the name "the Rejects" in 1995, Eisen joined after meeting Jordison on tour in 1999. After touring as the Rejects until 2002, the band changed their name and released their debut Beyond the Valley of the Murderdolls under the name Murderdolls that same year. Eisen left the group in 2002 to be replaced by Dope bandmate Acey Slade, citing conflicts between touring plans and his work recording with Static-X.

Static-X (2000–2005)
Eisen joined the band Static-X in the year 2000, after the departure of guitarist Koichi Fukuda. He contributed to the recording of the bands sophomore album Machine, as well the subsequent releases Shadow Zone and Start a War.

Eisen has claimed that a number of the tracks on the 2020 Static-X album Project Regeneration Vol. 1 were co-written by him and Wayne Static. He went on to accuse the band of attempting to alter the compositions in order to deny him songwriting credits, and to say that a legal claim he made against the band was the reason for the album's delay. In a response to a query from a fan on Instagram, the band claimed that Eisen had no involvement in the production of the album beyond compositional credits from his time in the band.

Face Without Fear (2019)
In April 2019, Eisen announced a new project named Face Without Fear through a short promo video. The group features Ken "Mantis" Hoyt (Crushpile) on vocals, TJ Cooke (Methodical) on drums, Dante on rhythm guitar, and Nick Sledge on bass. The band released "Deliverance", their first single, in June 2019. FWF played their live debut in August at Newark's QXT, New Jersey, in August 2019. The band released their second single, "My Parasite", in March 2020 and performed their first livestream event in June 2020.

Legal issues
While a member of Static-X, Eisen was arrested on February 10, 2005, on a felony charge of statutory sexual contact with a minor in Orange County, California. He was released on bail after only a few hours in custody. Just two weeks later, on February 24, 2005, Eisen was arrested on a previous charge in California by New Jersey detectives, ultimately being convicted of the charge "luring with a motor vehicle".

Upon hearing of the arrests, Static-X replaced Eisen with the original guitarist Koichi Fukuda (whom Eisen had replaced after Fukuda left the band in 2000). On June 24, 2005, Eisen pleaded guilty to the charges in California and was sentenced to a year in state prison. He was released later that year and due for an October 7, 2005 arraignment in New Jersey on the February 24 charges.

Eisen was back in jail on December 10, 2008, following a parole violation. He was released on October 19, 2009.

On February 23, 2017, Eisen gave his first interview in more than a decade. In an interview with Totally Driven Radio, he spoke about his arrest and subsequent release from prison:

"There were two cases [involving two separate girls]. I had to deal with both things. And I got through it. [...] People can... It's been out there. It's been so long ago. That's why it's kind of hard to talk about it. But I'm here, I'm alive, I'm well, I survived it, and the fact that... It was difficult. [...] Horrible judgment. What happened to me was really bad judgment, terrible mistakes that I made, and I paid a price for 'em."

Equipment
In 2004 to 2005, BC Rich guitars produced a Tripp Eisen signature model of their Wave guitar. It featured in Gun metal gray, with two BDSM closed humbuckers, his signature on the back of the headstock and the Static-X symbol inlaid 12th fret. In 2005 Epiphone produced a prototype ES-335 signature model, with EMG Pickups, locking nut, and no f-holes. The ES-335 was, however, never commercially manufactured. After Eisen's return to performing from 2017 he has continued using his B.C. Rich Wave guitar.

Discography

 * Roughhouse
 * Roughhouse (1988) – (guitar, backing vocals)

 * Dope
 * Felons and Revolutionaries (1999) – (guitar, backing vocals)
 * American Psycho: Music from the Controversial Motion Picture (2000) – (guitar, backing vocals)
 * Scream 3: The Album (2000) – (guitar, backing vocals)
 * The Fast and the Furious (2002) – (guitar, backing vocals)
 * Felons for Life (2002) – (guitar, backing vocals)
 * Dope – The Early Years – 1997/1998 (2017) – (guitar, backing vocals)

 * Murderdolls
 * Beyond the Valley of the Murderdolls (2002) – (guitar, backing vocals)

 * Static-X
 * The Family Values Tour 2001 (2001) – (guitar, backing vocals)
 * Static-X: Chaos! Comics (2002) – (bonus DVD)
 * Queen of the Damned Soundtrack (2002) – (guitar)
 * Shadow Zone (2003) – (guitar)
 * Static-X: X-Posed (2003) – (DVD)
 * Texas Chainsaw Massacre Soundtrack (2003) – (guitar, backing vocals)
 * Beneath... Between... Beyond... (2004) – (guitar)
 * Static-X: X-Rated (2005) – (DVD)
 * Start a War (2005) – (guitar; uncredited)
 * Static-X: Original Album Series (box set) (2008) – (guitar)
 * Project: Regeneration Vol. 1 (2020) – (songwriting)

title: Tripp Eisen