text:
Talk:Fly tying

Science
Is it really a science??? CobaltBlueTony 14:03, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

It's not a Science, but it could be argued that it follows a scientific method in the development of new flies in the sense of create a hypothesis of what sort of fly a fish will hit upon, tye that fly, and attempt. If it works, continue to use it, if it doesn't, continue variations until you find something that will. Fish psychology combined with art? --BLP 04:14, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I think it can be loosely argued as a scientific discipline, especially when stream entomology is used to "match the hatch". Biology is as important a science as anything. -rockspecialist 2006

Bass Bugs
The categories were a good addition. I created a Misc category of flies to handle things like Bass Bugs and crab immitations often used in saltwater fishing. I don't think these things fit into the "streamer" category.

Potential Conflict of Interest Mike Cline
In the past I have sold flies and fly rods that I have built to friends and occasionally on Ebay. I don't make my living from Fly Fishing. Please evaluate any contributions I make to this article for NPOV in light of the above.--Mike Cline 10:42, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Tiers and tyers
Is there an agreed upon acceptable spelling? JStripes 14:44, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Really should maintain Separate Notes and References sections
See WP:Citing sources see relevant guidelines below

Maintaining a separate "References" section in addition to "Notes" It can be helpful when footnotes are used that a separate "References" section also be maintained, in which the sources that were used are listed in alphabetical order. With articles that have lots of footnotes, it can become hard to see after a while exactly which sources have been used, particularly when the footnotes also contain explanatory text. A References section, which lists citations in alphabetical order, helps readers to see at a glance the quality of the references used.

--Mike Cline 12:03, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Fishing Assessment Drive

This article has been selected for evaluation at the WikiProject Fishing Assessment Drive, a collaborative effort to improve Wikipedia's ratings of fishing-related articles. If you would like to participate, you can visit the WikiProject Fishing main page, where you can register your interest for the project and see a list of open tasks.

This article has not yet been reviewed by Assessment Drive member(s), or its evaluation is in progress at WikiProject Fishing/Assessment/Drive. This template has not been told the number of reviewer(s) involved in this assessment. Most likely, the page has not yet been reviewed, but a team of reviewers is planning to do so at the Assessment Drive entry for this article. This article's assessment by the Fishing Assessment Drive team is in progress, and can be found at the Current Discussions section of the Drive page. You are welcome to join us in the discussion! Added assessment template; completing nomination previously made at Article Assessment Drive. Laughing Vulcan 19:15, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

Tying Aids
While tying the artificial fly can be fun and rewarding, there are instances where the fingers themselves may need some attention as fine threads (some being silk), feathers and fur can be caught on the rough skin. Static electricity can also cause these materials to "stick" to the fingers which can be an aggravation.

Consumer hand-cremes are generally manufactured with various scents to tantalize our senses, it is common thinking that these hand-cremes transfer these scents/odors to the hand-tied fly and can be a true detriment to the catching of fish.

While at this time there is one "finger treatment" made available specifically for use for fly tyer's, there are a number of commercial products available for softening the hands for use while milking cows, as well as banker's hand cremes which are often used for handling dollar bills. The latter of the two are a creme for use on the entire hand and may or not harbor odors that could linger on the finished fly. This may or may not effect the actual "fish strike" or the taking of the fly.

The fly fishermans' Finger Treatment noted above is intentionally made to contain a minimun of oder containing products and is intended to not leave any residual odor on the finished fly. Image: Treatment 64.118.114.206 18:38, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Undertaken a Structural Rewrite of Article
I have undertaken a structural re-write of this article to expand on historical aspects of fly tying and provide more historical and comptemporary imagery. I really think the article should focus on FLY TYING and DESIGN, not necessarily the zillions of flies the process has produced. Additionally, I have expanded the references and cites to include both comtemporary and historical works. I removed the laundry list of fly types, how they are fished and example flies, as this can be, should be and is covered in fly fishing and artificial fly articles. The text of those sections is preserved here for the time being.

==Fly Patterns== Since the first development of the fishing fly, many different patterns have been created. The Professional Fly Tying manual classifies flies into five main groups. Flies are usually classified as being wet, dry, streamer, nymph or other. Although the classifications below denote the original intent of the designer of the fly (that it should float, sink or is intended to represent a particular food item) - in practice an angler may take a wet fly and fish it on the surface, or make a dry fly sink as needs demand. For an angler, rather than a fly tyer, a dry fly is one that is fished on the surface and a wet fly is one that is fished sub-surface - no matter what its designer intended. The main aim is to catch fish!

Dry Fly
A dry fly floats on the surface film of the water. They can imitate aquatic insects that have just emerged, insects that dapping on the surface of the water and depositing eggs, or those that have expired and fallen back into the water (spinners). Imitations of terrestrial insects that have accidentally fallen into the water are also tied as a dry fly.

Terrestrial
A terrestrial is a dry or wet fly designed to imitate a terrestrial ground insect, including crickets, grasshoppers, ants, spiders, and beetles. Larger terrestrial creatures such as mice may also be tied as a terrestrial dry fly for use in bass fly fishing.

Wet Fly
A wet fly is a fly that is fished below the surface of the water. They are usually tied to imitate the adult or immature form of mobile aquatic insects. The wet fly category covers a vast array of sizes and patterns, from nymphs and streamers to crawfish, leeches, and freshwater shrimp.

Emerger
The term Emerger refers to a wet fly that imitates the transitional form of an aquatic insect emerging from its nymphal cocoon into an adult, normally found anywhere from the river bottom to just below the surface. Emergers typically have small vertical wings, with a tail that trails down into the water.

Nymph
The term nymph is a type of wet fly that imitates the immature form of an aquatic insect such as the mayfly, damselfly, and dragonfly. Nymphs comprise the major part of the diet of trout and salmon. Nymphs are normally fished subsurface, and are often employed to catch fish holding in deeper current. Nymphs can be weighted or unweighted, and with or without a bead head of brass or tungsten. Un-weighted nymphs are employed in shallow water, while weighted or beadhead nymphs are used to reach the deeper reaches of a stream or river.

George F. Grant was an early pioneer of nymphs for trout. He began his innovative style of fly-tying in the early 1930s, and patented his unique method in 1939 (U.S. Patent No. 2,178.031). He was one of the first anglers to realize that large trout fed primarily beneath the surface on nymphs -- especially large stone flies -- and that one needed to imitate and learn to fish this insect-stage if one wanted to consistently catch large trout. In recognition for this work he received the Fly Fishing Federation’s coveted Buszek Awardin 1973.

Bouncer Flies
Contemporary Design. Snag resistant flies Innovative, fun, effective and long lasting. Design can be adapted to many fly patterns. Developed by Steve Duckett.

Streamer
A streamer is a type of wet fly that typically represents a bait fish or minnow. Though it can represent various creatures, streamers are usually constructed to represent minnows, sculpin, tadpoles, or other baitfish. Consequently, they tend to be fished in a more active fashion. Some are very beautiful, such as salmon or steelhead streamers. A certain percentage of artificial flies may never be fished, but are instead sought by collectors for their beauty and complexity.

Others
There are many other types of fly that may be used, limited only by the imagination and skill of the individual fly-tyer. These include bass bugs, 'sliders', and 'poppers' - surface lures often made of cork, foam, or deer hair. They may be designed to imitate frogs, mice, or injured baitfish.

Other fly patterns are tied as wet flies in order to represent different subsurface aquatic creatures such as leeches, crawfish, freshwater shrimp, baby sunfish, or immature game fish such as trout or bass. Salt water patterns are often created to imitate a baitfish, sand flea, or other saltwater creature.

Common Patterns
There are many fly patterns in the world. A few of the more widely-recognized and common patterns are listed below:

Dry Fly

Humpy, Royal Wulff, Adams, Hendrickson, Royal Coachman, Blue Dun, Light Cahill, Stimulator, Black Spinner, Trico, Red Tag, Griffith's Gnat and Elk Hair Caddis

Emerger
Klinkhammer, DHE, Shaving Brush, Cripple, Parachutte Adams

Nymph
Hare and Copper, Pheasant Tail Nymph, Montana Nymph, Flash Back Nymph, Diawl Bach (Little Devil), Brassie, Copper John

Wet
March Brown, Muddler Minnow, Woolly Worm, Invicta, Butcher, Mallard and Claret, Mrs Simpson

Streamer
Matuka, Zonker, Lefty's Deceiver, Double Bunny, Egg sucking leech, Clouser Deep Minnow and Woolly Bugger

Others
Gurgler (The Gurgler is a versatile surface fly for salt or fresh water, particularly striped bass), Crazy Charlie, Bass Bug, Merkin Crab, Deer Hair Mouse

--Mike Cline (talk) 21:03, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

Attractor Too Narrow Focus and Wrong Context
The term "Attractor" as applied to a school of fly design is really too narrowly focused for this article and is essentially out of context for several reasons.

 * 1) The concept of "Attractor" as a school of fly design is not well, if at all, supported by general fly design literature. I can find no general fly tying references that lay out an Imitation theory and a contrasting Attractor theory of fly design.  If one exists please cite it.

 * 2) The general concept of Attractor patterns as far I can tell is limited to Trout patterns. Even then, it is not a universal construct.  Dick Stewart and Farrow Allen in Trout Flies do not call the flies Attractors but instead General Purpose Dry Flies. On the other hand Saltwater flies, Bass and Panfish flies, Pike, Salmon, and possibly Steelhead flies are not label as "Attractors."  In Deke Meyer's 700 Saltwater Patterns there is no Attractor or Imitator breakdown.  This is an article about Fly Tying, not Tying Trout Flies.  Should such an article be created that focused only on trout flies, the concept of Attractor might be appropriate.  It isn't for this article.

 * 3) In general it appears that the term Attractor applies more to how a specific pattern is fished rather than its design. Gierach in Good Flies talks about fishing the "Royal Wulff" as an attractor when nothing is hatching.  But clearly, the Royal Wulff was not designed as an Attractor pattern, it merely got that label very late in life.  Indeed, a #10 Royal Wulff fished along Grasshopper bank on the Madison River on a windy day probably imitates a grasshopper pretty well to the fish.
 * 4) For the most part Attractor is a category label that fly retailers have used to segegrate trout flies that do not imitate anything specific. It is useful here to read the chapter in Frank Woolner's Hunting Trout (Winchester Press 1977) entitled "First Catch A Fisherman".  He explains very adeptly that 90% of all [trout] flies are designed to catch fisherman whereas only a few patterns are really required to catch fish consistently.  Using labels such as "Attractor" are part of that ploy.

 * 5) Finally, the most convincing argument in my view against using the term Attractor is from John Schullery in his three works: The Rise, The Royal Coachman and History of American Fly Fishing. Schullery contends that any school of fly design is a matter of perspective.  From the Fishes' perspective, all successful flies IMITATE something to the fish and all successful flies ATTRACT strikes from fish, otherwise they would be useless.  From the human perspective any given fly may imitate precisely or not so precisely some form of fish prey, and regardless of the degree of imitation, if a fly doesn't consistently ATTRACT strikes from fish, it is a useless fly.

--Mike Cline (talk) 13:15, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I felt that "non-imitative" was a poor choice of words because, is you yourself said, "all successful flys imitate something to the fish"

 * I could spend an hour explaining why I thought "attractor" was a good choice of words, but I will respectfully disagree with the usage of the term "non-imitative" and submit "attractor" as the best substitute i know of.Flyfisher56 (talk) 23:16, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Flyfisher56 - Thanks for forcing me to do a better bit of research and rewriting the Imitation section. Indeed Non-Imitative was not very accurate, but I wanted to stay away from a purely "Trout" explaination.  Although the rewrite does talk about "Trout", I think it does a better job of explaining the Imitation issues.--Mike Cline (talk) 12:55, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Dozens, To Hundreds, to Many types of materials
When I originally wrote Dozens several months ago, I feared I was overstating. By changing the phase to Hundreds, Flyfisher56 confirmed my original mistake. Originally if there were just hair, fur, feathers, and threads there were just four (4) types of material. Today there is, in addition to the above, mylar, nylon, rayon, epoxy, silicon, glass (to name some) that can be added to the list of materials available to the fly tier. That list is hardly in the hundreds. Indeed, there are an extraordinary amount of variations, colors and permutations of new synthetics, but the basic material list is pretty short. --Mike Cline (talk) 13:31, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

I would consider hair to be a category of material and deer hair, elk hair, polar bear hair, etc., to each be a type of material. However "many" is probably better, if less descriptive, considering the difference of interpretation.Flyfisher56 (talk) 22:49, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Eastern/Western Hatch Chart Links to Orvis Website Inappropriate
As much as the hatch charts on the Orvis website may be interesting the links to the site were deleted. The Orvis website is clearly a commercial website and inappropriate for this article. One might consider creating Eastern and Western Hatch Chart articles with information compiled from notable, but independent non-commercial sources. I am sure the Orvis hatch charts are extremely bias toward the flies they sell on their website.--Mike Cline (talk) 17:51, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

Removed Commerical Link Reference from Tools Text
The following text was added to the tools section. Although it maybe true the only reference was a commercial fly tying site link. Find a reliable 3rd party published source and them include it.

"According to Leo Pucklis, an expert fly tyer a helpful finishing tool that can be used is the end of a turkey feather"

--Mike Cline (talk) 14:17, 7 December 2008 (UTC)

3000 dozens of flies
As I was reading through the article, I noticed that it said that: "The professional, commercial fly tyer may produce upwards 3000 dozen flies annually". I was just wondering if there was a good reason to use 3000 dozen instead of something like 36000. It seems to me that it would be more clear to most readers if we simplified this.

Moontumbo (talk) 18:57, 26 June 2009 (UTC)

Synonym
Is there an accepted synonym for "fly tying" we could use in the article so that we repeat it less? Mtthwknnd4 (talk) 04:42, 9 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Not sure there is. In the 100s of fly fishing and tying books I've read, I don't recall it being referred to by anything except "fly tying" or in the late 19th century, "fly making" (which isn't used today). There are "fly tyers" (fly tiers) but there are no "fly makers". --Mike Cline (talk) 14:25, 9 December 2014 (UTC)

Markers?
Might markers fit on this page, perhaps in tools? They are helpful in striping while tying or even changing the color of a white fly to something else when fishing and away from the bench. Mlepisto (talk) 18:20, 12 May 2020 (UTC)

Focus on fly tying
I have started to shape this article to focus on all aspects of fly tying. There is another article, Artificial fly, that talks about the types of flys but not how they are tied. I am not sure if section "Imitation of prey" relates directly to fly tying. It should probably be in the article Artificial fly. I added a section on notable Fly tyers, which would relate to fly tying. The section on tools and material needs to be expanded so that it is understandable to anyone. Something should be said about technique and the order of applying materials. Will add more references for this as time permits. -- Talk to G Moore 23:07, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

Notable fly tyers
Notable fly tyers are those that have been recognized by major fly tying organizations and publications for their skills and contributions to fly tying.

-- Talk to G Moore 01:00, 24 February 2021 (UTC)

The following is the list that I came up with. Some have articles in Wikipedia but any of these could have an article.

 * John Barr (created Copper John (fly))
 * William Blacker (English)
 * William A. Chandler (American, refinement of Light Cahill)
 * Bob Clauser (American, Clouser minnow)
 * Charlie Craven (American, Colorado flies)
 * Reuben Cross (American)
 * Harry and Elsie Darbee (American)
 * Mary Dette (American, Dette Trout Flies)
 * Walt and Winnie Dette
 * Jay “Fishy” Fullum
 * Keith Fulsher (American, created Thunder Creek Flies)
 * Jack Gartside (American, Gartside Gurgler)
 * Poul Jorgensen (Danish)
 * Hans Van Klinken (Dutch, created the Klinkhammer)
 * Gary LaFontaine (American, Sparkle Pupa)
 * Mike Mercer
 * Jim Misiura (American, out of Shennandoah Valley, Virginia)
 * Minnie Morawski (Scottish, creator of tube fly in 1945)
 * James Ogden (English)
 * Merton J. Parks (American, 1916-1970, owner of Parks' Fly Shop)
 * Bob Popovics (created Surf Candy)
 * Enrico Puglisi
 * John "Jock" Scott (Scot, 1817?, Jock Scott Fly)
 * Helen Shaw (American)
 * Carrie G. Stevens (American)
 * Joan Stoliar (American)
 * Dick Talleur
 * Dave Whitlock

 * You can try submitting articles to WP:AFC, but I suspect that most will be rejected as not having sufficient depth-of-coverage from reliable sources. OhNo itsJamie Talk 04:02, 24 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Left the names above for considering writing articles. Others are in article now.  -- Talk to G Moore 00:41, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

Activity
The WikiProject Fisheries and Fishing doesn't seem to be active. I made several changes to this page to better explain and illustrate Fly tying. I add a new Template:Fly fishing to better connect the various fly fishing and fly tying articles.

-- Talk to G Moore 00:37, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

I also saw it appears to be defunct, but am watching it and willing to help as time allows - which fluctuates very widely for me. I have been following some of your related edits. Thank you for helping to improve those articles. DrGvago (talk) 12:47, 7 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fly tying


text:
Chico Rei

Chico Rei is a semi-mythic heroic figure from the slave trade in Brazil.

According to oral tradition, in about 1740, Galanga, a tribal leader from the Congo, was taken along with a large part of his tribe and sold as a slave. They were brought from Africa to Brazil in a slave ship and during this journey his authority amongst his compatriots was noticed by the Portuguese slave traders who nicknamed him "Chico Rei". In Brazil he was set to work in the gold mines of Minas Gerais. By hiding flakes of gold about his body and in his hair, he amassed sufficient funds to allow him, after 5 years or so, to buy his son's freedom and later his own. He was also able to acquire the Encardideira gold mine in Vila Rica (now Ouro Preto). Profits from the mine were used to help other slaves to buy their freedom and to build the church of Santa Efigênia, also in Vila Rica. The Encardideira mine has been disused since 1888 when slavery was abolished in Brazil and it is now open to the public.

The legend of Chico Rei has become part of the Brazilian folklore and his admirable tale of fight for freedom has captured the imagination of many Brazilian storytellers. His story is often told in Brazilian folklore tales books, and it has been told both in theater and cinema as well.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chico Rei


text:
User talk:Humanbot~enwiki

Years
Hi, r3m0t. Could you perhaps expand the script of humanbot to include such things as "1960's". I know these need careful checking (perhaps you could leave a note, as for capitals), but they bug me so much! Cheers, smoddy 19:04, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Some people like these, I think. Apostrophe (mark). r3m0t talk 19:24, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Sure. I'll run the queries later. :) r3m0t talk 19:30, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Only some odd American magazine... *spit* *spit*. Cheers for that, smoddy 19:37, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This is actually somewhat controversial. See English_plural. I believe it's come up on Wikipedia talk: Manual of Style without any consent. Please don't make the speller check for either way of doing this. Deco 01:11, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

cool
Hey there, this is great! I can see myself doing quite a lot of editing this way when I am bored. :) the wub (talk) 22:37, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

"Wanna" > "Want to"
Just tried it, and now it works :p However, I recommend removing "Wanna" as a mis-spelling of "want to". Granted, it can be mis-spelt like that, but too many song/book/film titles include it as wanna and users who don't see this as clearly as me could be corrected all sorts of things and making them factually wrong. For example:

Good Charlotte's "I Just Wanna Live" becomes "I Just Want To Live" (it's always called "I Just Wanna Live").

The lyric from a certain somebody's favourite artists song, Ashlee Simpson's "La La" goes from "You make me wanna la la" to "You make me want to la la" (the lyric is said as wanna).

Of course, users can check, but some will not know whether it is right or wrong and you get too many corrections which are infact doing the opposite ;) Hedley 23:44, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Then they should press "Don't know" on the left. I made it for a reason, y'know. r3m0t talk 09:43, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

I've remove "wanna" from the text replacement list. r3m0t talk 23:14, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

Bot bug
See Image:Humanbotbug.PNG: looks like a lot of false positives for consoles...? – ugen64 00:44, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Should work now. Removed those from the lists. r3m0t talk 22:16, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

removing plusses and other bugs
See: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gold&diff=14560003&oldid=14559887

In addition to fixing "artifical", humanbot removed all the '+' characters from the article; I reverted it.

Econrad 02:09, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * 1) Another one  Econrad 02:12, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) It munged some dashes here:  I reverted the article. Econrad 02:15, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) This one's messed up, replaced the Goenitz article with Gallantmon  I had multiple tabs open, which may have contributed.  I reverted. Econrad 02:21, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Last example:

I manually checked all my humanbot edits, and reverted where necessary. Econrad 02:30, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * All fixed. Actually, I'll just test the dashes... r3m0t talk 09:03, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * I suppose it was too intuitive. On Image:Humanbot turnon.png I warned not to use any other tabs... :( r3m0t talk 09:07, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * You are correct; I did not heed the tab warning. I'll help with the oops list, and test the new script tonight.  Thanks. Econrad 11:49, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I (and hopefully others) will look through User:Humanbot/oops. Open each article in a new tab, click on "history" on each tab, view the diff of the change on each tab, revert where necessary. Gruelling, but most pages were not adversely affected. r3m0t talk 10:07, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * Should we lay claim to sections, to ensure that we don't have people checking the same pages? smoddy 10:16, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * If you like. r3m0t talk 18:35, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * Update: the links on User:Humanbot/oops link directly to history pages now. :) r3m0t talk 18:40, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

Vandelising an article?
I found "%u2019s" several times in School Counseling. The article did not recognize decades such as 1960's. Also, I notice the the issue with "wanna" above. Maybe, you can program the bot to ignore text inside of quotes, but instead maybe post on a discussion page. Also, I'm not so sure my article really needs clean up.

 * Moved to Talk:School Counseling

Turning the bot off
Should anybody want to turn the bot off, it isn't quite possible, but remove the link on the page for starters. That way, people will be unable to start a new humanbot session. r3m0t talk 10:10, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * The "link on the page" will be directly on User:Humanbot/selectproj in future. r3m0t talk 14:17, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

decapitalizing
The bot atuomatically removes capital letters, which is bad for the start of a sentence. Maybe it could detect words starting with a capital? Twinxor t 00:53, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, that would be nice, but I'm not sure it could really fit into the current implementation. Meanwhile, the extra warning is OK. r3m0t talk 08:40, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

descendent / descendant
All dictionaries I checked permit "descendent" as a valid alternative spelling. OED has examples of this spelling going back to the 16th century. We probably don't need to change all "descendent" to "descendant". Nohat 18:50, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Descendent is an adjective, descendant a noun. Be careful, but the change is nine times out of ten valid. smoddy 21:12, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * OED says
 * Johnson gives Descendant n., Descendent adj., and remarks ‘It seems to be established that the substantive should derive the termination from the French, and the adjective from the Latin’. In the n. sense 1, and the related sense 2 of the adj. -ant is now always used; in the other senses of both, -ent is perhaps preferable, but these are either obsolete or so rarely used as to make the distinction one of little practical moment.
 * In other words, that distinction is not really valid in contemporary English. Merriam-Webster, for example, gives descendant as the primary spelling for both the noun and the adjective, but doesn't disprefer -ent in any way other than marking it as a variant. It all seems to me to be a matter of style, and not something that we should by default be "fixing". Nohat 21:39, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * "in the other senses of both, -ent is perhaps preferable, but these are either obsolete or so rarely used as to make the distinction one of little practical moment" - I interpret that as saying "there are some cases where -ent is used, but these cases are all obscure." – ugen64 03:29, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * That's not what it says at all. It says that there are senses for which -ent may be preferable, but those senses are obscure. The point is not that the -ent spelling is obscure, but that that a distinction between senses based on the spelling is not relevant in contemporary English. A spelling that gets 600,000 Google hits is not obscure . Less common, surely, but not obscure, and certainly not something that we should be wasting our time fixing, when there are plenty of indisputably misspelled words that need fixing. Nohat 04:06, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, note that -ant is listed as the variant form in American Heritage Dictionary.
 * I'm afraid I must agree with Ugen. Although I'd love to standardize spelling, we should not be automatically flagging something which is not clear-cut wrong in most cases. I was chastised once for changing "connexion" to "connection" in many articles, because some parts of Britain still use the old spelling, and editors there were offended. Deco 00:18, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You mean you agree with me, right? I'm saying that we shouldn't be automatically fixing "descendent" to "descendant" because both spellings are acceptable.... Nohat 07:32, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, descendent is remove from the database. I'll just remove it from the corrections list... r3m0t talk 09:53, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * After looking at the evidence (your google search is rather misleading: consistant, agressive, relevent, wierd, and recieved all have significant (over 700,000) numbers of google hits - recieved has almost 2 million hits), I would have to say that "descendent" is undoubtedly the preferred spelling (although "descendant" can also be used) for the adjectival form; however, the noun form, as I have always seen it written, is "descendant." But a variant spelling that gets less hits than "relevent" isn't really a common variant spelling, is it?

 * Nonetheless, I agree that it should be removed from the database, I agree: people aren't likely to realize that descendent is a quite acceptable spelling of the adjective, and is apparently a variant for the noun form - we'd have a lot of unnecessary changes. – ugen64 21:57, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * It is true those misspellings are common. However, none of them are listed in dictionaries, so they don't make for a very apt comparison to descendent/descendant. Also, you have to consider the relative prominence of the correct spelling.

 * {| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |

!'correct' spelling !! Ghits !! 'incorrect' spelling !! Ghits !! ratio
 * descendant || 1,750,000 || descendant || 669,000|| 2.6 to 1
 * consistent || 69,600,000 || consistant || 791,000 || 88 to 1
 * aggressive || 20,500,000 || agressive || 809,000 || 25 to 1
 * relevant || 146,000,000|| relevent || 829,000 || 176 to 1
 * weird ||20,000,000 || wierd || 1,200,000|| 17 to 1
 * }
 * relevant || 146,000,000|| relevent || 829,000 || 176 to 1
 * weird ||20,000,000 || wierd || 1,200,000|| 17 to 1
 * }
 * weird ||20,000,000 || wierd || 1,200,000|| 17 to 1
 * }

 * Here, we see that descendent and descendant are fairly close (2.6 to 1) whereas all the examples you give have a dramatically larger ratio between correct spellings and incorrect spellings. Nohat 22:54, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

411?
Any idea why I get an "error 411" when trying to use the system? — THOR 20:01, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

childrens'
I tried the spelling checker last night just to see how it worked, and out of ten checks, two of them were erroneously changing the plural possessive  childrens'  to the bizarre  children's' . --ScottDavis 01:44, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The nature of the change is silly, yes, and it would not be easy to fix. However, it is correct. You just need to remove the apostrophe after the s. r3m0t talk 12:09, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)

Yay!
I tried Humanbot for the first time today. I was a little disappointed it doesn't work in Mozilla (since Firefox's Find functionality won't search edit boxes), but it's still an amazing time-saver and quite well-done. I'm impressed. My only other complaint is to make it not spell-check URLs (although it might be neat to verify that the linked sites still exist automatically). Deco 01:38, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Links and Images
Great tool! That said, the bot shouldn't suggest spelling error fixes in 1) external http links or 2) image names. --Andy M. 05:24, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Mozilla
I notice this userpage says it only works with Firefox. Any chance you could get this to work with Mozilla proper? — Gwalla | Talk 07:39, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Moz isn't used very much any more, is it? Until you see that Greasemonkey supports Mozilla (check this page) I will be unable to support Mozilla. r3m0t talk 10:09, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * maybe no more developed, but used, I think, at least as much as Firefox (I'd even dare to suppose overwhelmingly more). Hey you guys, not eveybody reinstalls his system every 3 months! Although I've a 2.5GHz laptop, I still have my home computer from 10 years ago, which runs comfortably and without problem Win98 and RedHat linux (7.1 - or was it 6.1?) with its 32 MB RAM and 300 MHz CPU! And I'm far from wanting to change it! (Even if Firefox is therefore out of reach...)
 * To summarize, I'd also like to ask for Moz (if not brower independent) support. Can't there be a (parallel) maybe less comfortable system to perform the same thing? I can easily imagine that a tiny PHP and/or Java Script could do the job. If I knew more about the file formats, I'd write it myself....  — MFH: Talk 18:48, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The Mozilla Suite is still under development, although technically we're not supposed to call it "Mozilla" anymore. I'm not sure a new name has been selected yet, however.   — Gwalla | Talk 21:22, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You all just confused me horribly. I'm trying to get this thing working, so I downloaded what I know of as "Mozilla Firefox 1.5". Installed Greasemonkey (The version that supports Mozilla Firefox 1.5), and the script. However I get no box to start it. Not like in the screenshots anyway. Am I using the wrong program? Is there a difference between Mozilla, Firefox, and Mozilla Firefox???--Keitaro 19:35, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Edit preview diffs
This tool will be a lot more useful when MediaWiki 1.5 is rolled out on en.wikipedia. If we just auto-preview the diffs instead of the whole article it'll make checking that the changes are correct a lot easier. R3m0t, have you tried making the modifications necessary to make this work on Brion's test wiki test.leuksman.com? Nohat 07:45, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Even version one (we are now on version two) was ready for it. It already looks for the "Show changes" button, and if it doesn't find one, satisfies itself with "Show preview". (Note: It actually searches by names, so wpDiff and wpPreview.) Be assured this is 1.5 ready, although I haven't tested. :) In fact, I even asked on the development IRC channel about it being backported - but I can't be bothered to try to understand the MediaWiki codebase at this point when my exams are so close and 1.5 is so near to release. r3m0t talk 10:07, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * Awesome! Nohat 18:09, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

NOTICE: About improving the accuracy of changes
This is my policy. I will not try to improve the accuracy of changes beyond what it is now. Capital letters at the beginning of sentences will remain ignored; "childrens'" will keep changing into "children's"; and you will still sometimes get several entries in the green box for one change. The changes are meant to be all checked by humans (I always do) and are not necessarily perfect. If the error rate goes down to be so low that some people think it is perfect, some inappropriate changes will ensue.

If some people accept erroneous changes, they remain their responsibilities. If a word has apparently never made a good correction (only one which had to be reversed) I will remove it from the list. r3m0t talk 10:16, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree that users should be responsible for any changes made with Humanbot, but I don't think a low false positive rate will lead to more errors. Although the effect you describe does exist, it would be countered by the fact that there are less opportunities for error overall. I think we should have the best possible system and this isn't an excuse not to fix problems. If you don't have time, that's fine, I'm sure others would be glad to help. Deco 21:22, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with Deco, I wish it would be more accurate. Also, I wish it would be easier to compare the text diffs of the page. Whenever I use the bot, I only see the new version of the page, and it's much harder to check the corrections. nevermind, I didn't read above. - Stoph 00:42, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

fo: -> for:
It's changing fo: as in the fo: Wikipedia to for:. User:Luigi30 (Ταλκ) 17:44, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Fixed (since this probably affects many articles). r3m0t talk 21:36, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)

External links section
I'm not sure if it's being changed or not but on User:Humanbot someone suggests that "External Link" should be changed to "External links" but I thought the guideline is when there's only one link it should be "External link" (although I can't find where it says that) - am I wrong? -- Joolz 09:24, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * It should always be "External links". This style is not really set in stone, but it is referred to as that in several places in the manual of style, and it is convenient, because people will often forget to change it if they add more.  smoddy 10:47, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I think I must be thinking of this: "If there is only one link, some editors use the header "External link", but others use "External links" in all cases." which is from External links, not that it matters much ofcourse! :) -- Joolz 11:04, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * No, actually, it should be in the singular when there's one and multiple when there are more than one (or, technically, when there are none at all, but then the section should exist :-)). James F. (talk) 16:22, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

American and British English differences
Have American and British English differences been taken into account? According to the Manual of Style, we should leave as is. I've run into a few, but have just marked them as false positives, but I'm sure there are many that I'm not aware of. Here are some word lists for Brit/Can/American english....not sure how the coding works for humanbot, but it may be helpful. Just a heads up.--Docoga 06:48, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Anything on the List of common misspellings with a bullet point (not "commented out") has been searched for. Almost all entries have been included to fix. Because that page was once used for Special:Maintenance, I trust it. If you give me some examples I can remove them. r3m0t talk 11:03, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * licenced is an acceptable variation of licensed in the US, please stop the bot from making this change. Fawcett5 15:27, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

error in correction
Hello.

Someone just corrected the word "amoung" to "among" on the page minority languages of Sweden. The correct word was, in that case, "amount". Just a notice.

--Fred-Chess 20:05, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * A slip like that happens every so often, hence the bolded text on User:Humanbot: "It automatically sends you to the right page, makes the change for you, even presses the preview button so you can check it! You just need to check the edit is reasonable." Sango¹²³ 23:15, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

It looks like you broke a link on The Lord of the Rings page by wrongly changing "teh" to "the" when it was suppose to be the misspelling. You really should check what you are doing before blindly correcting. Sending a user to the preview page so they can check it is a great idea, just make sure that your users are actually taking the time to check. Arctic.gnome 16:28, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * That wasn't me. User:Roger McCoy is the one who should have checked it. I feel I have emphasised enough by now that people are meant to check their edits. I can't really do anything about it. r3m0t talk 14:13, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Minnesota Commercial
I've corrected a few of your corrections on the spelling of "commercial" to recapitalize the word when it is part of the phrase "Minnesota Commercial Railroad". This is a proper noun as it is the name of a short line railroad (the company's official website is still under construction) operating in Minneapolis, Minnesota. When you check your corrections, please read the sentence and ensure that words that should be capitalized remain capitalized. AdThanksVance! slambo 23:21, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * If that was me, you should have written at User talk:R3m0t. If not, to the other user's page. In any case, you will be able to write at User:Humanbot/selectproj in future about these false positives. r3m0t talk 14:15, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Completed!
Thanks User:r3m0t, that script is really clever and very useful, now that it is completed, what next? Has every article been checked now? if so i guess it should be re-run in a few months or something, or are there similar scripts that could be run to correct other kinds of errors? thanks again. Bluemoose 15:31, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Just look at my todo list at User:R3m0t. r3m0t talk 22:40, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Just an idea for Humanbot...
Could you say on the User:Humanbot page whether or not there are open projects? Because I just spent the last few hours trying to get FF to work with Greasemonkey (I was using a nightly that GM didn't like), and after all that, all edits are done. Just a suggestion. ral 315  21:23, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't worry, there will be new stuff soon. Anyway, I have put up such a notice. r3m0t talk 22:36, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Thread mode articles
I believe your bot should avoid thread mode articles like WikiProject Stub sorting/Criteria, since it's not polite to edit other users' comments. --cesarb 01:21, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Also General complaints. And Unusual requests. And possibly others I didn't see. --cesarb 20:47, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * And now Bot requests and Disabling edits by unregistered users and stricter registration requirement. --cesarb 02:32, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * It sort of seems to me that maybe Humanbot shouldn't edit in the WP: namespace? kmccoy (talk) 17:52, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps. It has done good on the document mode pages on the Wikipedia: namespace, but not on the thread mode pages. The problem is that, unlike the talk namespaces or the article namespace, the Wikipedia namespace is a mix of document mode and thread mode, and it's harder for a program to distinguish between both. I'd expect the fact that Humanbot needs human confirmation would avoid that kind of problem, but looks like it didn't. --cesarb 18:04, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The Wikipedia: namespace as a whole was removed. I had felt that if there were a lot of typos on such pages, it wasn't worth the bother, but otherwise nobody would mind. r3m0t talk 14:16, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

List of articles with errors?
Is it possible to create a list of articles where there have been errors found? One thing that I've noticed with this project, as well as with other projects on the Wikipedia that have looked for specific spelling errors, is that when then find one or more specific errors, I can usually go through the same page using SpellBound and find three or four more spelling errors. What I usually do is when a page on my Watchlist has been corrected for specific spellings is that I will then go through and do a general spell-check. Blank Verse  ∅ 15:09, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I will provide such a list soon, since you ask. r3m0t talk 14:16, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Humanbot
Hi, I'm from the Spanish Wikipedia. I'm really interested in Humanbot, is there anyway I could install this bot over there?--Fito 20:28, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * I will have to host it, because it isn't too difficult for it to become some sort of mad auto-blanker. ;) I will need a list of common misspellings, similar to List of common misspellings. Also, please translate the relevant messages, including "on", "off", "home", "auto-edit", section 0 of User:Humanbot, section 4, User:Humanbot/takeproj, and others. r3m0t talk 07:55, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I'll get to work on that list later today. By section 0, do you mean the "special script"?--Fito 16:48, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Okay, I created es:Wikipedia:Lista de errores ortográficos comunes, it's a small list, but it will grow. The translation of the script is located at es:Usuario:Humanbot/script. The location of the bot is es:Usuario:Humanbot and here's es:Usuario:Humanbot/takeproj. I'll translate the instructions as soon as we get the bot to work so I can take the screenshots. Please tell me if something's wrong or missing. Thanks a million! :) --Fito 01:07, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

New projects?
It seems I arrived here a bit late. Are there any plans for starting a new project? The idea behind this bot (and the implementation -- mmm, Greasemonkey) look great; I just wish I could try it out! :) -- Nathanael Barbettini June 29, 2005 04:37 (UTC)

I got here when someone suggested it for correcting a large-scale misspelling that is just one of many on the page that lists Wikipedia misspellings. I downloaded the greasemonkey and user script, but it looks like I need to wait for a new project? I'm confused as to how this all works, but it looks very useful and educational. I'll put a follow-up on assistance. Thanks. Spalding July 4, 2005 19:29 (UTC)

Both of you must wait. The next run is unlikely to be a spelling one - it takes 90 seconds to find a word in a wikipedia dump, and few mistakes have been introduced since the last runs. I still hope to make something, though. r3m0t talk 22:10, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

I too look forward to a new project. 71.112.105.18 03:02, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Greasemonkey Bug
A story has appeared at Slashdot saying that there is a serious exploit bug with Greasemonkey allowing arbitrary file execution. It is recommended that Greasemonkey be uninstalled as the exploit bug is so serious. This is, naturally, a serious problem for Humanbot should any new projects come up in the near future. David Newton 16:59, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * They fixed it. http://greasemonkey.mozdev.org/ — Ambush Commander (Talk) 17:19, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Unless Humanbot requires the special GM functions. — Ambush Commander (Talk) 17:29, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * It does. And I recommend the new greasemonkey version which lets you use the simpler scripts. And yes, it isn't just Slashdot's sensationalism - it's a very serious issue. r3m0t talk 22:09, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

It doesn't work at the moment for some reason. Can you help?
I have installed the User script and it shows up in the "manage user scripts" window. The problem is that the little box on the left hand side of the screen (between "toolbox" and "other languages"). Its nowhere to be found. I've tried a restart and reinstalling and purge but it won't appear. Is there a step that I've missed? Please help... --Celestianpower hab 16:43, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I have FireFox 1.5 RC 1 with the compatible greasemonkey, but it is providing a "Component is not available" error in the Javascript console and failing to run. Is this a limited problem or has the script not been updated for FF 1.5 yet? --MattWright (talk) 10:36, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

 * The box on the left doesn't appear for me either. I'm using .6.2 Greasemonkey. Is this bot not active anymore? Gflores Talk 01:48, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

 * The box should appear, but the bot is no longer operational. You won't be able to do much. Deco 03:11, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry for imposing, but why isn't operational? I would think this bot would be of much help to the many users involved in the typo project.

 * Confirmed. Just downloaded everything and the box isnt there. I was really hoping to try it out. American Patriot 1776 03:57, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

Sorry for not noticing this. The problem is that "As of Greasemonkey 0.6.4, however, user scripts now have their own JavaScript context and execute completely separately from the content document. This means that except by noticing changes the changes which they make to the DOM, content scripts can neither detect Greasemonkey scripts, nor interfere with them." - in other words, 0.6.4 broke compatibility with some scripts in order to secure Greasemonkey. This is a moot point anyway, considering that there are no active projects. I am the only person able to add new projects and I currently don't have a way to collect the data I need.

I have work to avoid today, so I may try to fix the script a little. Then the trouble will just be getting a project. r3m0t talk 14:53, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

When will he be here?
When will he be back up? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Firefoxman (talk • contribs) 22:08, 14 December 2006 (UTC).

Trouble.
I can't seem to understand the directions, I tried going to the website, but firefox gave me an error, so I tried a few more times, then I put the script into User:Yamakiri on Firefox's monobook, and still nothin. Can I get some help?  Y amakiri TC  09-30-2007 • 22:55:38

Disregard that, well I downloaded it, after realizing my stupid mistake, but now I'm not getting an off/on button. Help? Y   ДмΔќʃʀï →ГC←  10-2-2007 • 19:58:03 I am soooo stupid! No wonder, didn't pay attention to discussions Y   ДмΔќʃʀï →ГC←  10-2-2007 • 22:19:18

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Humanbot. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Humanbot~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:39, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:56, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Humanbot~enwiki


text:
Susan Starr Sered

Susan Starr Sered (born 1955) is Professor of Sociology at Suffolk University and Senior Researcher at Suffolk University's Center for Women's Health and Human Rights. Previously, she was the director of the "Religion, Health and Healing Initiative" at the Harvard University Center for the Study of World Religions, and a Professor of Sociology and Anthropology at Bar-Ilan University, Israel. Her interests include both research and advocacy/activism.

Professor Sered works closely with the Massachusetts Women's Justice Network and other organizations advocating for women's human rights and against mass incarceration.

Published works
Professor Sered is the author of seven books, nearly one hundred scholarly articles, and numerous op-eds and shorter articles focusing on women's health, mass incarceration, and a variety of religious issues.

Professor Sered's work Women of the Sacred Groves was severely criticized by Okinawan Studies related scholars in a "Declaration of Concern" published in issue 54 of the Ryukyuanist. Professor Sered later submitted "A Response to Critics" in issue 55 of the Ryukyuanist.

Books

 * Can’t Catch a Break: Gender, Jail, Drugs, and the Limits of Personal Responsibility. University of California Press (with Maureen Norton-Hawk) (2014).
 * Uninsured in America: Life and Death in the Land of Opportunity (with Rushika Fernandopulle) (2005)
 * Women As Ritual Experts: The Religious Lives of Elderly Jewish Women in Jerusalem, New York: Oxford University Press, (1992)
 * Priestess, Mother, Sacred Sister: Religions Dominated by Women, New York: Oxford University Press, (1994)
 * Women of the Sacred Groves: Divine Priestesses of Okinawa, New York: Oxford University Press, (1999)
 * What Makes Women Sick: Maternity, Modesty, and Militarism in Israeli Society, Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press : University Press of New England, (2000)
 * Religious healing in Boston : first findings, Ed. Susan Sered and Linda Barnes Cambridge, MA: Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard University, The Divinity School, (2001)
 * Religious healing in Boston : reports from the field, Ed. Susan Sered Cambridge, MA: Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard University, The Divinity School, (2002)
 * Religious healing in Boston : body, spirit, community, Ed. Susan Sered Cambridge, MA: Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard University, The Divinity School, (2004)
 * Religion and healing in America, Ed. Susan Sered and Linda L. Barnes Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, (2005)

Articles

 * 2013 (with Maureen Norton-Hawk) “Criminalized Women and the Healthcare System: The Case for Continuity of Services,” Journal of Correctional Health Care 19(3): 164-177.
 * 2012 (with Maureen Norton-Hawk) “Criminalized Women and Twelve Step Programs: Addressing Violations of the Law with a Spiritual Cure,” Implicit Religion 15(1): 37-60.
 * 2011 (with Maureen Norton-Hawk) “Whose Higher Power: Criminalized Women Confront the Twelve Steps,” Feminist Criminology 6 (4): 308-322.
 * 2011 (with Marilyn Delle Donne Proulx) “Lessons for Women's Health from the Massachusetts Reform: Affordability, Transitions and Choice,” Women’s Health Issues 21(1): 1-5.
 * 2008 (with Amy Agigian) “Holistic Sickening: Breast Cancer and the Discursive Worlds of Complementary and Alternative Practitioners,” Sociology of Health and Illness 30(4): 616-631.
 * 2005 Threadbare: Holes in America’s Health Care Safety Net (with Catherine Hoffman), Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, Washington DC.
 * 2002 “Healing and Religion: A Jewish Perspective,” Yale Journal for Humanities in Medicine, special issue “Spirituality, Religious Wisdom, and Care of the Patient.”
 * 1999 "'You are a Number, Not a Human Being': Israeli Breast Cancer Patients' Experiences with the Medical Establishment," Medical Anthropology Quarterly 13(3): 223-252.
 * 1999 "Talking about Mikveh Parties, or The Discourse of Status, Hierarchy and Social Control" in Rahel Wasserfall, ed. Women and Water: Niddah and Mikveh in Jewish Cultures, UPNE.
 * 1995 "Rachel's Tomb: The Development of a Cult," Jewish Studies Quarterly 2(2): pp. 103–148.
 * 1988 "Food and Holiness: Cooking as a Sacred Act Among Middle-Eastern Jewish Women," Anthropological Quarterly, 61(3): 129-140.

Awards

 * 1993: National Jewish Book Award in the Jewish Thought category for Women as Ritual Experts

title: Susan Starr Sered


text:
Pectoral cross

A pectoral cross or pectorale (from the Latin pectoralis, "of the chest") is a cross that is worn on the chest, usually suspended from the neck by a cord or chain. In ancient history and the Middle Ages, pectoral crosses were worn by both clergy and laity. By the Late Middle Ages, the pectoral cross came to be a special indicator of position worn by bishops. In the Roman Catholic Church, the wearing of a pectoral cross remains restricted to popes, cardinals, bishops and abbots. In Eastern Orthodox Church and Byzantine Catholic Churches that follow a Slavic Tradition, priests also wear pectoral crosses, while deacons and minor orders do not. The modern pectoral cross is relatively large, and is different from the small crosses worn on necklaces by many Christians. Most pectoral crosses are made of precious metals (platinum, gold or silver) and some contain precious or semi-precious gems. Some contain a corpus like a crucifix while others use stylized designs and religious symbols.

In many Christian denominations, the pectoral cross symbolizes that the person wearing it is a member of the clergy, or that the wearer is a member of the higher or senior clergy. However, in many Western churches there are an increasing number of laypeople who choose to wear some form of a cross around their neck.

While many Christians, both clergy and laity, wear crosses, the pectoral cross is distinguished by both its size (up to six inches across) and that it is worn in the center of the chest below the heart (as opposed to just below the collarbones).

Throughout the centuries, many pectoral crosses have been made in the form of reliquaries which contain alleged fragments of the True Cross or relics of saints. Some such reliquary pectorals are hinged so that they open to reveal the relic, or the relic may be visible from the front through glass.

Historical use
One of the earliest mentions of a pectoral cross is its mention by Pope Hilarius in 461. In 811 Nicephorus sent Pope Leo III a golden pectoral cross. At this time, pectoral crosses were worn by both clergy and laity.

The widespread official use of a pectoral cross, however, did not begin in the Western church until around the 14th century. The use of the pectoral cross in the Roman Rite was first required in the Roman Pontifical of Pope Pius V.

The first Anglican bishop to wear a pectoral cross was Edward King, Bishop of Lincoln (1885–1910).

Roman Catholic practice

In the Roman Catholic Church, a pectoral cross is one of the pontificals used by the pope, cardinals, archbishops and bishops. Various popes have extended this privilege to abbots, abbesses and some cathedral canons. For Cardinals, the use has been regulated since 1905 by Pius X's motu proprio Crux pectoralis.

A pectoral cross is worn with both clerical suits or religious habits, and when attending both liturgical or civil functions. With a clerical suit, the pectoral cross is worn either hung around the neck so it remains visible or is placed in the left shirt or coat pocket so the chain is still visible but the cross is not (this is not actually an official requirement, but is done for practical purposes). If a cassock is worn, the pectoral cross is either suspended from the prelate's neck and hangs free or is fastened to a front button with a special hook that is attached to the cross. The presence of a pectoral cross is useful to distinguish a bishop from a monsignor, since they wear similar cassocks.

In choir dress—that is, when the bishop wears a cassock, rochet and mozzetta—the pectoral cross is usually suspended by a cord of silk. This cord is green and gold for an archbishop or a bishop, and red and gold for a cardinal and gold for the pope. An abbot makes use of a black and gold silk cord while an abbess and canon would use a black silk cord. Formerly, protonotaries apostolic wore a pectoral cross on a purple silk cord when celebrating in pontificals. When celebrating Mass, bishops wear the pectoral cross suspended by the cord over the alb but under the chasuble, where it is not visible. However, some bishops wear their pectoral cross over their chasuble, suspended by a chain.

If clerics who do not possess episcopal character wish to wear a pectoral cross, it is presumed that they are free to wear it under their clothes, so as not to confuse them with bishops. Again, in practice, some clergy who are not prelates do wear a pectoral cross.

It is worn over the alb during liturgical functions. The prelate should kiss the cross before putting it on his neck, and while putting it on say the prayer Munire me digneris (the origin of which dates back to the Middle Ages), in which he petitions God for protection against his enemies, and begs to bear in mind continually the Passion of Jesus, and the triumphs of the confessors of the Catholic faith.

The pontifical pectoral cross is distinct from the simple cross, the use of which is often permitted by the pope to members of cathedral chapters. Canons, to whom this privilege has been granted, are permitted to wear the cross at choir service only, and not over the alb at liturgical services, unless specially permitted. The pectoral is the latest addition to episcopal ornaments. The custom, however, of wearing a cross on the breast either with or without holy relics, dates back to ancient time and was observed not only by bishops, but also by priests and lay people. The first mention made of the pectoral cross as a part of pontifical ornament is made by Pope Innocent III, and its use as such only became customary toward the close of the Middle Ages. Guillaume Durand, toward the end of the thirteenth century, is the first to mention it as an adornment for bishops, saying that "it was left to the discretion of the individual bishop to wear it or not".

Anglican practice
The widespread use of pectoral crosses has been revived in the Anglican Communion, and is usually limited to bishops. The pectorals worn by Anglican bishops do not normally have the corpus (body of Jesus) depicted on them. They may be decorated with amethyst or a bishop's mitre, and are usually suspended from a simple gold chain. Anglo-Catholic bishops may follow more of the Roman Catholic model.

Other Anglican clergy occasionally wear crosses around their necks, but their appearance and form are generally more modest so as not to confuse them with bishops (who also generally wear purple, palatinate, or amaranth magenta shirts).

At their meeting in The Vatican on 21 November 2009 to resolve tensions over an offer for disaffected Anglicans to convert to Rome, the Pope gave the Archbishop of Canterbury a pectoral Cross. This was interpreted by some observers as an indication that the Pope recognized the Archbishop of Canterbury as a Bishop, in spite of Apostolicae curae a papal bull from 1897 under which the Catholic Church refuses to recognize the validity of Anglican ordination. However the Catholic Church still rejects the canonical validity of Anglican clerical orders and often re-ordains Anglican clergy who convert to the Catholic faith.

Protestant practice
In recent years, Protestant churches have returned to more traditional ceremonial dress from either the Catholic, Orthodox or Anglican tradition. Pectoral crosses are worn by clergy in many denominations, mainly Lutheranism, by a bishop, or by a pastor or occasionally by choristers or liturgical assistants in other denominations. Generally speaking, only prelates will wear a gold cross suspended with a chain when wearing ceremonial garments or when wearing a suit, in one's left pocket over the heart. Clergy who are not bishops usually wear a silver cross suspended by a cord (usually black). In some denominations the colour of the cord refers to a specific position held in that denomination.

Church of Sweden
In the Church of Sweden, pectoral crosses were reintroduced for bishops in 1805 by king Gustav IV Adolf. The model of 1805 is still in use today. Bishops wear a simple Latin cross of gold suspended by a gold chain. The archbishop of Uppsala uses the same model with the addition of golden rays in the angles of the cross.

Eastern Catholic and Orthodox practice
In Orthodox practice, the pectoral cross is worn by all bishops, but not necessarily by all priests. In the Greek tradition, the pectoral cross is only given to specific priests for faithful service; in the Russian tradition, the silver cross is worn by all priests. Whenever the cross is put on, the wearer first uses it to make the Sign of the Cross on himself and then kisses it and puts it on.

The priest's cross depicts the crucified Christ, whether in painted form as an icon, or in relief. However, the Orthodox crucifix differs from the Western type by the fact that the soma (body of Christ) is not in full three-dimensional form, but in no more than three-quarter relief. It also bears the inscription INBI (the titulus that Pontius Pilate placed above the head of Jesus at the crucifixion) and the letters IC XC NIKA around the four arms of the cross. Orthodox pectoral crosses are almost always on chains of either silver or gold, sometimes with intricately worked links. Priest's crosses will often have an icon of Christ "Made Without Hands" at the top. This is the icon before which Orthodox Christians usually confess their sins. In Russian practice, the back of a priest's cross is usually inscribed with St. Paul's words to St. Timothy: "Be an example to the believers in speech and conduct, in love, in faith, in purity" (1 Tim. 4:12).

Orthodox pectoral crosses are awarded in several degrees (particularly in the Russian tradition):

 * The Silver Cross is awarded to all priests by their bishop on the day of their ordination. This tradition began with the last Tsar, Nicholas II, who awarded a silver cross to every priest in the Russian Empire. Even after the fall of the Romanov Dynasty, the practice of awarding the Silver Cross to Russian priests at their ordination has continued to this day. This practice helps to distinguish priests from deacons or monks, all of whom wear the same type of riassa (cassock), and are otherwise indistinguishable when not vested. The Silver Cross is not enameled or decorated in any manner except for engraving or relief. Russian Orthodox priests do not wear the cross by right of their priesthood, but only by permission of their bishop.  One way a bishop may punish one of his priests is to forbid him to wear the priest's cross.
 * The next-ranking award is the Gold Cross. This is a simple gold cross, similar to the Silver Cross, and similarly without enameling or other decoration. The Gold Cross is worn by archpriests, abbots and abbesses as a mark of their office, and may be awarded by the bishop to other priests, both married and monastic, for distinguished service to the church.
 * The highest pectoral cross, is With Decorations—that is, jeweled, and sometimes enameled—and normally has a depiction of an Eastern-style mitre at the top. This type of pectoral is also referred to as a "Jeweled Cross". This type of cross is worn by bishops, archimandrites and protopresbyters as a sign of their office, and may be awarded to other priests as well. All bishops are entitled to wear the pectoral cross with decorations, although most simply wear a Panagia when not vested for services.

When vesting before celebrating the Divine Liturgy, the pectoral cross is presented to the bishop who will bless the pectoral, cross himself with it, kiss the cross and put it on. Meanwhile, the Protodeacon, swinging the censer says the following prayer:

"He who would be my disciple, let him deny himself, take up his cross and follow me (, etc.); always, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen."

A priest may be granted the right to wear a second pectoral cross.

A priest who has been given the pectoral cross will typically wear it at all times, whether vested or not.

In Russian practice, a nun who is not an abbess may also be granted the privilege of wearing a pectoral cross, as an honorary award (however, this award is not granted to monks who are not priests).

Coptic Church
The pectoral cross worn by Coptic bishops and abbots is sometimes made from intricately worked leather, though metal pectorals are also used.

title: Pectoral cross


text:
Talk:Vague (club)

Untitled
Vague indeed! Suzie who? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Brianmcgovern (talk • contribs) 14:06, 1 June 2005

Improved notability
I have overhauled the article added notable sources and generally improved layout further expansion on the Vague sound and guest dj's will need expansion--Navops47 (talk) 05:21, 3 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Vague (club)


text:
Talk:National Treasure (South Korea)

I removed #274, the kobukson, on the grounds that it seems a cannon from a kobukson was actually #274 and that it was revealed to be a fraud. It seems possible that the ships themselves were then designated as #274, which could have led to the listing here, but I have no evidence of this. silsor 06:03, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Date of national treasure Jindo Dog listing?
Can someone verify somewhere the year in which the Korea Jindo Dog became a national treasure? An anon user dinked with the year in the article and all I can find on the web so far are duplicates of the wikipedia article. Elf | Talk 21:35, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * FYI, got a couple of answers as posted at Talk:Korea Jindo Dog. Elf | Talk 18:30, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Translation of Korean article
The Korean Wikipedia has what seems to be a complete list of the national treasures. The English list so far is only what I could find in incomplete English sources so it would be great if anybody could get a translation! The article is ko:대한민국의_국보. silsor 23:44, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

Good resource
This article is a good resource. Is there also an article for the South Korean Intangible Cultural Assets (which includes Jongmyo jeryeak, munbaeju, etc.)? Badagnani 03:51, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The Jongmyo article has some information on Jongmyo jeryeak. This is an online book in PDF form and is a good resource for intangible cultural assets.  .  If you go to the cultural heritage site and click "seach plaza" on the left column, you can also do a search, although the English translations are a bit lacking and some pages don't have images or information.  Hope that helps.  Tortfeasor 04:12, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Thanks! I actually wrote that portion of the Jongmyo article. I was wondering if English Wikipedia had an article listing the Intangible Cultural Assets numerically, as this article does for the national treasures. I guess someone will need to do that. I did find a nice English-language website yesterday that lists them, but it's not so easy to navigate. Badagnani 04:24, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Japanese origin
Regarding this edit, I think the editor may have meant not that the *culture* is of Japanese origin, but that this *cultural institution* (i.e., the idea of such a system of nominating official national treasures) came to Korea from Japan. That is not disputed, as all the articles state this. Badagnani (talk) 03:14, 30 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, I don't think he edited that in good faith per his contribution history. He/she tries to remove or minimize Korean influence on Japanese culture related articles as soon as s/he created her/his account yesterday. The editor Orchis29 and creator, KoreanShoriSenyou of the category are interesting indeed. The concept can be influenced by Japan and relevant description can be mentioned in the article instead of misleading Korean treasures from Japan which is false. Also, I'm very amazed that he/she is very knowledgeable of English Wiki rules already on contrast to his account creation date (just yesterday!). I guess I have to prepare something good for wikipedia.--Appletrees (talk) 03:54, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

Interesting--it seems that a few weeks ago some editor was inserting "Korean culture of Japanese origin" categories into articles such as Muk (Korean food), always without any comment. If these things are clearly not of Japanese origin and cannot be verifiably to be shown as such (taking into consideration that some Korean cultural objects are of Japanese origin, just as some Japanese cultural objects are of Korean origin), such a practice of editing seems childish and not at all something to be tolerated at Wikipedia. Badagnani (talk) 04:00, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

I update this list
I added no.317 Royal Portrait of King Taejo of Joseon. It is designated national treasure of Korea in 2012.--Donghwan Seong (talk) 14:09, 5 October 2013 (UTC)

Corrections
Some of the names of the items are faulty. As I am going through the list for my huwiki articles, I am going to slowly correct these based on the database of the Cultural Heritage Administration. Teemeah 편지 (letter)  12:47, 29 January 2016 (UTC)

Redid from scratch
Translated the korean wikipedia's version of this list; it's a solid list. I'm going to be doing similar with other heritage protection lists. I've already done it for National Intangible Cultural Heritage (South Korea). toobigtokale (talk) 02:04, 6 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:National Treasure (South Korea)


text:
User:Wiktator

de:Benutzer:Wiktator &

title: User:Wiktator


text:
Jeff Jones (Welsh politician)

Jeff Jones is a retired Labour Party politician from the town of Maesteg, Wales who rose to become Council Leader of Bridgend County Borough Council. He is known throughout South Wales as an outspoken local politician.

Jones was brought up, the son of a miner and steelworker, in Maesteg. He studied political history at the London School of Economics.

Jones was a councillor in Maesteg on the Mid Glamorgan County Council from 1981, initially for the Maesteg No. 2 ward, which became Maesteg East. From 1995 he became one of the two councillors for the Bridgend County Borough Council ward of Maesteg East. He retired from politics in 2004 before the Labour administration – which had held power since 1996 – was defeated by a coalition in the June 2004 council elections.

After writing a letter to Wales First Minister Rhodri Morgan citing concerns about the 2004 Clywch inquiry (into allegations of sexual abuse), there was an unsuccessful attempt to prosecute Jones for contempt. Jones says it was an attempt to silence him. Though found not to be in contempt, he had to pay £10,000 legal costs. In March 2006 Jones was cleared of claims he had breached the council's code of conduct, after a grievance had been brought against him by a council employee about comments made on a television programme in 2003. Jones' comments were described by the local government ombudsman as "somewhat hostile" but not "abusive".

His attempt to become a governor in 2008 of Maesteg Comprehensive School was thwarted by the county council.

Jones has subsequently set himself up as a local government consultant.

title: Jeff Jones (Welsh politician)


text: Talk:Spiritual Baptist/Shouter Liberation Day


text:
WCW World Television Championship

The WCW World Television Championship was a professional wrestling television championship owned by the now-defunct World Championship Wrestling (WCW) promotion.

The title was introduced on February 27, 1974 in Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling (MACW), a territory of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). MACW, also known as Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP), was purchased by Turner Broadcasting System in 1988, and subsequently renamed WCW. In March 2001, certain assets of WCW were sold by AOL Time Warner to the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). As such these assets, including the rights to the WCW World Television Championship, inactive since April 10, 2000, were now WWF property. Before it was known as the WCW World Television Championship (starting in 1991 and continuing until the title's deactivation), it was known as the NWA Mid-Atlantic Television Championship (1974 to 1977), the NWA Television Championship (1977 to 1985), and the NWA World Television Championship (1985 to 1991).

The title was often defended in matches with a time limit of ten or fifteen minutes. More often than with other championships, title matches resulted in time limit draws and the champion retaining the title. This was often used as a heat-building device to allow a villain champion to retain his title. The NWA version of the belt had the logos of the major television networks in the U.S. (NBC, CBS, and ABC) on either side of the belt, while the 1992–1995 WCW version of the belt had TBS on both sides of the belt.

Reigns
The inaugural champion was Danny Miller who won a tournament final on February 27, 1974. There have been 104 different championship reigns, with Booker T having the most reigns at six. The longest-reigning champion is Paul Jones on his fifth reign, Jones held the championship for 368 days from June 7, 1978 to June 10, 1979. Lex Luger, Chris Benoit and Booker T hold the record for the shortest reign each having a reign of one day. Arn Anderson holds the record for most days as champion, with 870 days over four title reigns. The last champion was Jim Duggan, who claimed the title while working as the WCW janitor after Scott Hall threw it in the garbage and he found it in a dumpster. The title was retired on April 10, 2000, after the Vince Russo-Eric Bischoff WCW reboot.

title: WCW World Television Championship


text: User:R3m0t/Talk header

title: User:R3m0t/Talk header


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Oliver the humanzee

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - redirected - SimonP 18:29, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Oliver the humanzee
This looks like palpable nonsense. However, someone may know better, in which case this needs a clarification and source verification. Simon Cursitor 14:18, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * "One very desperate individual came forward and admittef that he had repeatedly fathered children with his pet chimp daisy". Er, right. Would be BJAODN if it weren't for the total lack of capitalization and punctuation. Radiant_* 14:29, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as the article is a falsification and probably abuse. There was a chimp called Oliver that walked upright and had less hair than a chimp normally does (e.g. seemed more human than the average chimp) but was genetically 100% chimpanzee. I believe there was a TV programme about it (which of course spent an hour saying 'could he be the missing link' before admitting that he clearly wasn't.) . A proper article would warrant a keep, this warrants a speedy delete. Average Earthman 14:49, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted. A quick look shows many google hits for this title with many conflicting stories; whether mutant chimp or just an urban legend, perhaps an encyclopedic article could be written about Oliver, but the dubious ramble listed here certainly wasn't one (looked like a semi-literate grade school vanity insult). -- Infrogmation 14:52, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * We had an article for Chuman, so I put in a redirect.--Arcadian 23:23, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Dublin 2

Dublin 2, also rendered as D2 and D02, is a historic postal district on the southside of Dublin, Ireland. In the 1960s, this central district became a focus for office development. More recently, it became a focus for urban residential development. The district saw some of the heaviest fighting during Ireland's Easter Rising.

Area profile
Dublin 2 lies entirely within the Dublin Bay South constituency of the Irish parliament, the Dáil. The postcode consists of most of the southern city centre and its outer edges. It is the most affluent of the four postcodes that make up the bulk of inner city Dublin. The others being D1, D7, and D8. It is also among the most affluent of all 22 traditional Dublin postal districts and is one of the most affluent in the country.

Notable places
D2 includes Merrion Square, Trinity College, Temple Bar, Grafton Street, St Stephen's Green, Dame Street, and Leeson Street. It is home to several government departments and addresses such as Leinster House, Government Buildings, and the Mansion House.

Usage in Dublin addresses
Colloquially, Dubliners simply refer to the area as "Dublin 2". The postal district forms the first part of numerous seven digit Eircodes that are unique to every single address in the area. For addressing purposes, it appears in both its original form as Dublin 2 and as the first part of a seven digit postal code as D02 a line below. For example: Dublin City Council Lord Mayor's Office Mansion House Dawson Street Dublin 2 D02 AF30

General Letter Office for Ireland
Ireland's main post office was centered in the current postal district, Dublin 2, for over 100 years. In the seventeenth century the post office's letter office had followed the commercial centre of the city from the Dublin Castle area further west to a building in High Street backing onto Back Lane in 1668 and then to Fishamble Street, on the western border of Dublin 2 during the reign of Charles II. Around 1709 the letter office had moved closer to College Green, to Sycamore Alley, parallel to Crane Lane, known as Old Post-Office Yards. For 21 years, 1755 until 1771, Bardin's Chocolate House in Fownes' Court was rented along with other buildings on the site where the Central Bank of Ireland was located between 1979 and 2017 and is now Central Plaza.

The move to the heart of Dublin 2 in College Green, opposite the Irish Parliament House that became the Bank of Ireland in 1803, took place in 1771 but proved to be too small for the expanding mail demands even with renting more buildings in Suffolk Street over time. The cost of ground rent and rent were so high that, in 1810, the Post Office bought the College Green buildings. The following year it was decided to move to Upper Sackville Street claiming they needed more space and the cost of buying all the Suffolk Street property, demolish and rebuild appropriately with the College Green building would cost about £34,000. Other reasons were cited to move and build the first purpose built post office in Ireland were that, all mail coaches travelled out of Dublin on the north side of the Liffey except for the Wicklow mail coach and needed more space than College Green, and it also would be more convenient to deliver mail to directors and officials at their homes because many lived north of the river. The opening of the Francis Johnston designed GPO, at a cost of £50,000, on 6 January 1818, saw the end of an era of the Dublin 2 area as the post office's 100 plus years in the area.

Alongside, but entirely separate from the General Post Office, from September 1773 there existed a local penny post system that was authorised by the Postage Act 1765 (5 Geo 3 c.25). Known as the Dublin Penny Post, six sub-post offices, out of a total of eighteen initial locations, often in grocers and booksellers and called receiving houses, were set up in the future Dublin 2 area at: Anne Street, Castle Street, Clare Street, Cuff Street, Ship Street and George's Quay. The mail collected was brought to an office in the courtyard of the General Post Office for local delivery, or for forwarding outside the penny post area.

Even though the General Post Office had moved away, many penny post receiving houses had been opened and when the penny post was absorbed into the general postal system in 1831 around 30 locations had been opened, though some had also been closed. Those that remained would become sub-post offices. Within a few years of the establishment of the state, the 1929-30 Post Office Guide lists the following Dublin City offices within the area:

Pearse Street Sorting Office was opened in 1925 as the country's primary mail sorting location, situated on the corner of Pearse Street and Sandwich Street in an old distillery building. Staff complained about the work conditions there over its 42-year use, because of space constraints, the roof leaking tar due to the summer heat and rain in winter on workers below, paper dust, etc., such that the subject was raised in Dáil Éireann on a number of occasions. The sorting office had direct access to Westland Row station where trains departed to connect with the Dun Laoghaire to Holyhead mail boat for onward transmission to Great Britain and foreign destinations. It was eventually closed in August 1967 when a new sorting office opened in Sheriff Street with direct access to Connolly station. That facility was closed in 1994 and a new Dublin Service Unit opened on 17 February 1994 in Cardiff Lane, in the Dublin 2 section of the Dublin Docklands redevelopment. This operated until 2017 when its functions were removed from Dublin 2. The building was demolished and a new 28,000 sq meter commercial development called The Sorting Office was built.

Five years after the establishment of the state, in 1927, the Department of Posts and Telegraphs initiated a scheme that requested senders to add a code to each address in Dublin City and suburbs. When addressed in English the letter C with an appropriate number denoted the postman's walk where the letters were to be delivered, such as, College Green was C1 while Grafton Street was C3. The scheme was not popular and became defunct. The Dublin postal districts number were introduced in 1961 as "Dublin 2" in this south city area.

A dedicated post office was built in St Andrew's Street in 1948 to replace the one in Church Lane. Designed by the Office of Public Works architects Sidney Maskell and John Fox as a Branch Office, it is one of Dublin's busiest post offices. It is a seven-bay four-storey building with granite cladding and extensive windows with strong horizontal features had been influenced by modernist architecture. It is listed as a protected structure and was sold in 2022 for €9.5 million and, under a 25-year lease, An Post have retained the ground floor and part of the basement.

title: Dublin 2


text:
Talk:Namhansanseong

official english homepage of Namhansanseong(Namhan Mountain Fortress) http://www.fortress-namhansanseong.or.kr/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.194.141.211 (talk) 06:09, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

Photo
We need a good overview shot of the entire structure, kinda like this one here. Can anyone find and upload one with an appropriate copyright license? 104.232.119.107 (talk) 05:31, 14 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Namhansanseong


text:
Talk:Rodney McKay

Other appearances
Didn't he also turn up in the last SG1 series, where they traveled back to ancient Egypt to pick up a ZPM. That created a parallel world where the stargate was never discovered, but they did find the puddle-jumper used as a time machine. Rodney McKay turned up as the expert.

If anyone. can turn that into something useful, please do. -- User:Billpg

Article switches to Ronan
Why does the article become all about Ronan when describing season 4!? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.195.218.54 (talk) 11:02, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Employment by a Cat?
Slightly poor wording. "(...) while working for the USAF, and a cat."

New trivia
Why hasn't anything been added on his claustrophobia? It's mentioned a lot in the series! Like when he's about to drown or when he's about to connect to the VR-system. Ran4 22:43, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

Why is his last name mispronounced? While "McKay" appears also in Irish heritage, it appears in Scot's under Clan MacKay spelled "McKay"; "MacKay" or "McKay" at least when Scots is pronounced (incorrect phonetics, but bear with me) muh-kii (the Kay coming out as an "eye" sound with a K in front). If he is of Scots descent, being as intelligent as he is, I would think he would know this; being as arrogant as he is, I would think he would correct everyone. I could understand if he felt alone and didn't see the point in correcting people whom he feels to be somehow less than himself. ManOnPipes 06 August 2007

Category:Fictional musicians
Why is he in Category:Fictional musicians? I know that in Redemption he said that he was a pianist but has it been mentioned since? Philip Stevens 19:25, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Because it seem that there are some Wikipedians who live to place categories. PrometheusX303 03:34, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

Similarities
"* Rodney had similarities to Samantha Carter and Daniel Jackson because Sam was always technical on everything and Daniel was very emotional on what they do."

Simply being technical and emotional is not enough to list them as "similar". There are a dozen intellectual and emotional characters in Stargate, and Carter and Jackson have drastically different personalities from Rodney. JBK405 04:27, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Meredith
Should his name be changed to Merideth? PrometheusX303 03:29, 9 September 2006 (UTC) Read the article, dummy. PrometheusX303 03:32, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

I say not. why is everyone taking that name seriously? I think it's fake/a nickname because Meredith is FEMALE name NOT a male one and yes, I did look it up to be certain it wasn't like Leslie or another one of those female common male uncommon names. I have seen people editing the pages to reflect that this is his real name and I think it's disputable.

Faris b 19:29, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem is that your line beginning with "I think" is original research. All we know is that his sister said his name is Meredith, adding "but that's just a nickname" is not supported by what we saw on the show. Bryan 19:40, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * actually, rodney himself said it was his first name but that he goes by Rodney... -Xornok 21:42, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, Meredith is a female name, but that does not mean it is not Rodney's real name. Part of Rodney's comedic character is that he has a female name.

Really? I must have missed that part, I thought he said that's what she called him as a "pet name" or something rather.

Faris b 22:48, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * well, you took it out of context. here, ill explain it to you: when rodney and his sister beamed up to the deaddy, she called him meredith, then sam was like "what? your name is meredith?" and rodney goes something like "yes, its my real name, Meredith Rodney McKay, but i just go by Rodney" then his sister called him Mere/Meredith a few times before they reach atlantis. Then when they beamed down to the city, the sister calls him Mere and Shep goes "blah blah... Wait, did you just call him Mere?" and before jeannie can answer Rodney quickly goes "its a petname..*mumbles*" because he does not want Shep to know his real name. Later on, when he walks in on them eating together, Shep calls him Meredith, meaning that Jeannie told Shep and the others Rodney's real name... there you have it, you should really watch the episode again... -Xornok 23:48, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

On the season 5 episode, "The Shrine", Rodney developed an alien form of Alzheimer's, and his sister came to visit him. When she addressed him as Meredith he recognized that as his name. His sister then said "Yes, Meredith is your first name."

Wikipedia itself says "Meredith is a Welsh given name, and a surname common in parts of Wales. It is of Welsh origin and, as a personal name, was until recently usually given to boys." That it was McKay's given name is written in the script, and no, it is not "a female name", contrary to some opinions given here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:410:200:2C80:BDA6:7304:5A3B:C336 (talk) 06:50, 21 October 2021 (UTC)

Category:Fictional atheists
Why is Rodney here? I suppose he might be an atheist, but unless anyone can point out an episode that states this, I'll remove. For all we know, he's a pastaferian!
 * Well, saison 1 episode 14 "Sanctuary" strongly hint he has little respect for religion.
 * St Fan 10:26, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

He might also just not have believed in THEIR religion.216.86.101.103 00:46, 27 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't have access to the episode, but in season 3 episode 14 "Tao of Rodney" I remember he implies strongly he is non religious twice. Firstly, he tells Weir he has "never been big on leaps of faith." Also, in a scene with Carson, he tells him that anything and everything can be quantified, and that things many people find magical/mystifying such as ascension are really just "protons and electrons" sorry I don't have exact quotes.

Hallucinations
It says that he created the hallucination of Samantha Carter. It is heavely implied that the whale caused the hallucination —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.42.147.106 (talk) 22:34, 17 April 2007 (UTC).

 * This is mostly fan-speculation. It is never clearly stated in the episode, nor by the writers. And they'll probably keep it this way to let the fans guessing.
 * St Fan 10:25, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I doubt it was the whale. The whales cause headaches and create very specific hallucinations of the Ancients. Hypothermia and stress are more likely explanations. Chronolegion 12:40, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The whales projected the images of the Ancients because they were trying to inform the expedition that the same disaster was happening again. they may well have helped him by projecting the one person rodney's subconscious knew would be able to guide him in the right direction while waiting for rescue. --Edgjerp (talk) 22:17, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

Usable sources for expansion

 * http://www.gateworld.net/interviews/rodney_forever.shtml David Hewlett "Rodney Forever" September 2008
 * http://www.gateworld.net/interviews/brain_child.shtml David Hewlett "Brain Child" July 2008
 * http://www.gateworld.net/interviews/becoming_jean.shtml Kate Hewlett "Becoming Jean" January 2008
 * http://www.gateworld.net/interviews/im_with_genius.shtml David Hewlett "I'm With Genius" July 2007
 * http://www.gateworld.net/interviews/a_kaleidoscope_of_mckay_pa.shtml David Hewlett "A Kaleidoscope of McKay (Part 1 of 2)" December 2006
 * http://www.gateworld.net/interviews/a_kaleidoscope_of_mckay_2_.shtml David Hewlett "A Kaleidoscope of McKay (2 of 2)" December 2006
 * http://www.gateworld.net/interviews/out_of_the_bottle.shtml Kate Hewlett "Out of the Bottle" October 2006
 * http://www.gateworld.net/interviews/mckay_for_all_seasons.shtml David Hewlett "McKay For All Seasons" August 2006
 * http://www.gateworld.net/interviews/kissing_bandit.shtml David Hewlett "Kissing Bandit" December 2005
 * http://www.gateworld.net/interviews/gate_geek.shtml David Hewlett "Gate Geek" June 2004

 * http://www.adogsbreakfastmovie.com David Hewlett's blog

– sgeureka t•c 22:18, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

Does the current image of him have visible artifacts?
im not quite sure but it seems that the main image of rodney has weird color issues or something. can someone confirm? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dioxholster (talk • contribs) 15:24, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Looks a little blurry and has too much "soft" light, but the image seems fine to me otherwise. – sgeureka t•c 15:38, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

Allergy to citrus fruit
hi, I'm note sure, but does the alternative reality McKay in "Moebius" invites alternative Carter for his favourite made from citrus fruit meal, that the kitchen serves, although the real McKay is allergic to it? --Andreas -horn- Hornig (talk) 12:41, 1 October 2010 (UTC)

The article says (paraphrased) "McKay is a hypochondriac, claiming an allergy to citrus fruit, which has never been confirmed." However, McKay on one occasion states that the allergy is lethal, suggesting that he knows from personal experience. We can assume he had confirmation in that case. 2601:410:200:2C80:BDA6:7304:5A3B:C336 (talk) 06:40, 21 October 2021 (UTC)

Who cued him?
Rodney's credited as getting the most screentime, but does he also get credit for most dialog? (I'm guessing that wasn't Ronon. ;p) TREKphiler   any time you're ready, Uhura  01:51, 21 October 2010 (UTC)

Education

 * "Letters from Pegasus":
 * McKAY: I'm Doctor Rodney McKay of the Atlantis expedition, and as the facts of our heroic struggle against the Wraith and our untimely demise are already known to you, in that light, I'd like to pass along some final thoughts. Now, my extensive education, training and first-hand experience in the field of astrophysics has given me a unique perspective that few on Earth or, uh, well, on any other planet for that matter, can match.

http://www.gateworld.net/atlantis/s1/transcripts/117.shtml

 * "Duet":
 * McKAY: And do you have a degree in physics, hmm? Well, what about mechanical engineering, huh?

http://www.gateworld.net/atlantis/s2/transcripts/204.shtml

 * Four Diplomas: http://stargate.wikia.com/wiki/File:SGA204Duet2130001.jpg

 * "Miller's Crossing":
 * McKAY: That's what I'm saying – neither of us are doctors. Look, yes, I have a PhD ... two, actually ...

http://www.gateworld.net/atlantis/s4/transcripts/409.shtml

Based on the information provided above (already summarized in the article), Rodney McKay most likely has bachelor's degrees in physics & mechanical engineering and doctorates (Ph.D.s) in astrophysics & mechanical engineering.

--98.160.234.16 (talk) 17:14, 30 July 2014 (UTC)

Blindspot
Why hasn't Bill Nye stating his rivalry with Rodney McKay in Blindspot 3.20 Let It Go been included in the article. 1.43.206.160 (talk) 16:52, 6 June 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rodney McKay


text:
FEBO

FEBO is a chain of Dutch walk-up fast food restaurants of the automat type. Founded in 1941 in Amsterdam, Netherlands, FEBO is most notable for this automatic format: a counter is available for purchasing French fries, beverages, and hamburgers. Other FEBO snacks can be bought from the automats. The primary automat-vended items are krokets, frikandellen, hamburgers, kaassoufflés and similar items.

According to the company, FEBO has almost 60 shops all over the Netherlands, with 54 being franchises. There are 22 shops in Amsterdam alone.

The FEBO motto De Lekkerste (Dutch, ) is translated as "The Tastiest".

History
FEBO was opened as Maison FEBO by Johan de Borst (1919-2008), named after Ferdinand Bolstraat, and by 1960 it had grown into an automat restaurant, where homemade krokets and frikandellen were sold. When the bakery moved to Amstelveenseweg, the name FEBO was kept.

From here, new branches were opened both in Amsterdam and further afield, such as Purmerend, Hoorn and Hoofddorp, and this format's popularity grew to levels not seen since 1930s New York.

Johan de Borst's son Hans took over the company in 1990, later followed by his grandson Dennis. The founder died in May 2008.

A new production centre was opened in Amsterdam-Noord, near the Coen Tunnel, where the snacks are produced and brought to stores immediately after production.

title: FEBO