text:
Talk:Burwell, Cambridgeshire

Barn Fire
If anyone wants to add or correct the section? What's there is largely what I remember of being told back in Year 3 I think it was, when I was 8. - JVG 11:45, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Aims

 * Short term: Climb above Start class - ✅
 * Medium term: To get GA status.
 * (Probably very) Long term:  To get FA status.

To-do-list

 * Sort existing material into new article framework
 * Make Museum section sound less like an advert! - ✅ with rewrite as part of incorporation into reworked Education section pending - JVG (talk) 22:11, 9 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Re-write Lead - Current Lead is entirely new text, but needs further expansion. - JVG (talk) 18:48, 11 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Re-write History section - - JVG (talk) 18:48, 11 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Add Governance section - ✅ but want to redo to de-politicise somewhat - ✅
 * Add Geography section - ❌
 * Add Demography section - ❌
 * Add economy section - ❌
 * Add Culture & Community section(s) - ❌
 * Add landmarks section if enough suitable material? - ❌
 * Add transport section - ✅
 * Bring together & Rework Education section - ❌
 * Develop Religious section around the very very basic existing St Mary's material. - ❌
 * Develop Sports section or merge into culture & Community as a sub-section. - ❌
 * Same with Notable People - ❌
 * Add Public Services Section. - ❌
 * Add Media section. - ✅
 * Ensure everything referenced
 * Probably re-rewrite Lead to reflect new content
 * Tidy references - ❌
 * Proof read - ❌
 * Peer Review - ❌

Potential Sources
In addition to those currently scattered through the building site that currently passes for an article:
 * Cromwell Collection (1900 info)
 * ECDC Conservation & Listed Buildings & Conservation area map for Burwell
 * ,
 * 1830s map of Cambs showing Newmarket Racecourse in Staploe Hundred (and by extention, Burwell parish)
 * Antique Maps:
 * Burwell St Marys (1794)
 * Burnwell (c. 1724)
 * Burwells Churches (presumably St Marys & St Andrews) & Burwell Fenns (1636)
 * Burwell or Burwell St Marys & Burwell or Burnwell (1777)
 * History Plaques
 * British History: Local Government (as yet unused) - JVG (talk) 12:41, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Just checked the geology (I am not a geologist so you need to check this somewhere else too). According to Geology of Britain viewer, Burwell sits on an chalk outcrop. More specifically, it sits on a north-east to south-west running West Melbury Marly chalk formation with the southern most part of the village outcropped by a zig zag chalk formation.

 * Icknield Way probably passes nearby or through Burwell? That has historical roots (Iron Age?) and is a modern ramblers walk

 * News?
 * The Times Tuesday 11 July 1786 p. 3, col.3 Extract of a letter from Cambridge, July 7th: Murder in Burwell
 * The Times Saturday 8 March 1851 p. 8, col. F A riot in The Fens
 * --Senra (Talk) 15:05, 10 October 2010 (UTC)

 * "The principal locally-produced building stone is Burwell Stone, or Burwell Rock, from the [geological] horizon of the Totternhoe Stone in the Lower Chalk. Penning and Jukes-Browne (1881, p. 46) remarked of Carter's Pit, Burwell, that the lowest beds exposed were used only for interior work but that the over-lying 'bond' stone, 3 ft thick, if properly dried became very hard and made a good building stone. In a pit just to the south a block of it weighing 5 tons, and measuring roughly 100 cu ft, had been obtained. The blocks were shaped with a tool somewhat like a two-edged battle-axe, and allowed to get thoroughly dry before being used for building. In 1952 the 'bond' stone had been worked out at Carter's Pit, but compact unjointed chalk from below its level was being worked for external repairs to Woburn Abbey. ..."

 * --Senra (Talk) 15:39, 10 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Icknield is more important than perhaps you think. I am frantically searching for the reference (no luck still looking) but from memory, if you draw a line south-west from Norwich you are drawing a line along the Icknield Way; along a chalk-escarpment. The Fens have been undrained since, erm, 16th century or even before (some say the Romans drained the Fens; some disagree). Anyway, Icknield Way is ancient and dry and well before the Romans. Talking about the Romans, not sure you have a major named Roman road in your area - maybe a minor one
 * Clunch is basically a local name for chalk (OED A soft white limestone forming the lower and harder beds of the chalk, occasionally used for building purposes, esp. internal carved work.) --Senra (Talk) 17:16, 10 October 2010 (UTC)
 * How many of these have you got? (I think I removed all the Lincolnshire ones)
 * Jenyns, Soame  (1704–1787), author and politician
 * Mandeville, Geoffrey  de, first earl of Essex  (d. 1144), magnate, was the son and heir of William de Mandeville, constable of the Tower of London
 * Metcalfe, Robert  (1579–1652/3), Hebraist and benefactor
 * Stephenson, Marjory  (1885–1948), biochemist
 * Tiptoft, John, first Baron Tiptoft  (c.1378–1443), administrator and speaker of the House of Commons
 * Barrow, Samuel  (1625?–1683), physician and lawyer of the army
 * Benedict of Ramsey [Master Benedict  (d. in or after 1211)], ecclesiastic and administrator, was one of King John's royal clerks
 * Bouyer, Reynold Gideon  (1741–1826), Church of England clergyman
 * Davis, Richard  (1658–1714), Independent minister, was born probably in Cardiganshire, of unknown parents
 * Fitzball [formerly Ball,  Edward  (1793–1873)], playwright and writer, was born at Burwell in Cambridgeshire
 * Fuller, Andrew  (1754–1815), Baptist minister and theologian
 * Jelfe, Andrews  (c.1690–1759), masonry contractor and architect - ran quarry at Burwell
 * Jenyns, Soame  (1704–1787), author and politician
 * I am not saying all the above are notable enough for your village. Some editors frown on too many notable people but if youi get short, some of the above may be of use to you --Senra (Talk) 17:40, 10 October 2010 (UTC)

Etymology: You say this already but I thought you may want a definitive source "‘spring or stream by the fort’, OE burh + wella: Burwell Cambs. Burcwell 1060, Buruuella 1086 (DB)"

--Senra (Talk) 09:18, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

Mapping:
 * 1) There is an OS Openspace map available via the Little Thetford village website at Little Thetford .org - choose Interactive Parish Map, then zoom out as far as it will go and slide the map south-east to Burwell. The map may be more useful than google maps as it can zoom in closer and the Lat/Long of any point on the map is continuously available (bottom right hand corner). The map is also larger than the OS maps available via OS Get-a-map. I am not saying the village website is WP:RS - it most certainly is not - but you may find the village interactive map useful for your research --Senra (Talk) 12:12, 11 October 2010 (UTC)
 * 2) The Cambridgeshire County Council Geodemographics tool is well worth looking at for boundary information and demographics  --Senra (Talk) 12:19, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

Horses
With Newmarket Racecourse at least patly being in the parish in the past, horses are obviously pretty important in the area. The Newmarket horse poisoner may be worth adding too... - JVG (talk) 18:36, 10 October 2010 (UTC)

Rewrite Notes

 * See also User:Burwellian/Burwell

History

 *
 * Roman Road (A1304)

Anglo-Saxons

 * 6th Century?: Devil's Dyke
 * High Town
 * First Fort?

Middle Ages

 * Burnt down by Hereward the Wake in 1071 BH:Burwell
 * Stephen vs. de Mandeville (The Anarchy)East Cambridgeshire On-Line News: English Anarchy & Geoffrey de Mandeville - Scourge of the Fens (mentions Mandeville's death being due to arrow attacking Burwell Castle)
 * Burwell Castle (1142-44 Poss source)
 * St Mary (12th C?) & St Andrew (built by c. 1170 pg24)
 * North Street (CCC: 1350)
 * Newnham (CCC: 1440)
 * Priory [of St John?] (Poss in Religious Buildings instead) (Woodland Trust: Priory wood named after Priory of St John, HER06864) Evidence thin/non-existant pg25)

Early Modern History

 * St Andrew abandoned (pg 24: ruinous by 1743), St Mary becomes CofE
 * New Lode, 17th C (BH:Bur) Before 1685
 * Fen drainage begins
 * Barn Fire
 * Community webste page
 * Church Times (NOTE: "...the largest loss of life in a single building ever recorded in the UK." (which seems to be true as far as fires are concerned; more have died from other causes such as crushes)
 * BBC: Plaque unveiling
 * ECDC: Tombstone is Grade II listed, made of limestone
 * Information Britain: Burwell Puppet Show Fire
 * Newmarket local history society
 * Murder

Modern History

 * Riot
 * Industry
 * Brickworks
 * Chemical Works
 * Railway
 * WW2
 * HMS Burwell
 * Development towards Ness Road & Low Road

Geology and Topography

 * Geology
 * Clunch
 * Chalk
 * &
 *
 * Topography
 * The Fens
 * Burwell Lode
 * Farmland & Woods?
 * Devil's Dyke

Village structure

 * Urban structure
 * North/South
 * Burwells (High Town, Newnham & North Street)
 *

Demography

 * Current population and where the figure is taken from.
 * The ethnic composition.
 * The religious composition.
 * Economic activity of the population.
 * The population change over the last century.
 * A note on social class (strictly where citation allows).

 * Cambridgeshire County Council: Summary and Analysis of Population, 2008

Economy

 * Farming/Rural
 * Commuter for Cambridge
 * Pubs
 * Local Amenities
 * A note on major employment sectors.
 * A note on major employers.
 * A note on traditional or former sectors.
 * A note on regeneration/gentrification projects are encouraged here.

Culture & Community

 * Burwell Carnival
 *
 * Reach Fair
 * Twinning

Landmarks

 * St Mary's (Grade I)
 * Steven's Mill (Grade II*)
 * 6 High St (Grade II*)
 * Memorial Hall
 * etc...

Education

 * BVC(P)
 * BVC, SVC & St Bedes
 * Cambridge Collegiate Board
 * Former schools at Old School Close, Parsonnage Lane, etc
 * Library
 * Museum

Religion

 * St Mary's
 * Church website
 * old St Andrew's (High St, long gone)
 * New St. Andrews? (North St)
 * Priory?
 * Trinity Church
 * Baptist Church
 * Cemetery on Ness Road
 * RC = St Etheldreda in Newmarket.
 * Nearest mosque? Synagogue?
 * BH: Churches & Non Conformity

Sport

 * Sports Centre
 * Swimming Pool

Notable People
People from Burwell are referred to as Burwellians. Hazel Williams bio: "...twice as chairman from 1988-90 and 1995-97, being the first woman chairman, as well as the first non-Burwellian to hold this office.", Community website's community page, middle bottom link: "Ex-Burwellians"
 * Edward Fitzball, Playwright
 * Oliver Jarvis, Racing Driver
 * Francis Pym, Minister in Margaret Thatcher's government lived at The Tan House.
 * Jon Ridgeon, athlete, grew up in Burwell.
 * John Louis Mansi, actor from 'Allo 'Allo!
 * Eric Ennion, doctor, naturalist, author and artist

Public Services

 * water companies - Anglian Water
 * Examining Anglian Water we discover:
 * The Crown public house 88 High St, Burwell, Cambridge has the postcode CB25 0HD
 * Putting CB25 0HD into the "In Your Area" section of the Anglian Water website we find Burwell (or at least CB25 0HD) is in The Newmarket Public Water Supply Zone FS03 which, from an Anglian Water Company perspective has total population of 28,347
 * The water supply for Newmarket supply zone originates from ground water sources
 * Drinking quality: Excellent
 * Hardness: 2010 is 296 mg/l
 * Lead: 0.209 microgrammes per litre which favourably compares with the regulatroy standard of less than 25 microgrammes per litre
 * Nitrate: 31.8 milligrammes per litre compared with regulatroy 50 milligrammes per litre
 * Chlorine levels in this zone are 0.31 milligrammes per litre free chlorine and 0.360 milligrammes per litre total chlorine
 * A full Drinking Quality Report for Jan 2009 to December 2009 is available from the Anglian Website
 * --Senra (Talk) 15:58, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

 * notable reservoirs which form part of the local supply - Grafham Water
 * body/authority is responsible for waste management and/or sewerage. - ??
 * Distribution Network Operator for electricity - EDF Energy
 * notable energy arrangements in the locality (i.e. wind farm, power station) - Substation.
 * any hospitals, surgeries, or other health centres in the settlement (with the possibility of elaborating where the nearest NHS hospital may be). - Newmarket Road surgery, Addenbrookes & Newmarket.
 * Using CB25 0HD again, this time on the NHS - Your choices website], we find
 * six doctors surgeries within 8 km of Burwell (erm, strictly CB25 OHD); the nearest is The Burwell Surgery, Newmarket Road, Burwell, Cambridge, Cambs, CB250AE 0.2 miles from CB25 0HD
 * the nearest of ten Hospitals is Newmarket Community Hospital, (providing services for Suffolk PCT), 56 Exning Road Newmarket Suffolk CB8 7JG 3.45 miles from CB25 0HD whilst Addenbrookes is 10.34 miles away
 * NOTE: Newmarket has no A&E so Addenbrookes is the closest in that regard.
 * the nearest of ten dental surgeries is The Dental Surgery, (3.8 miles) 123 High Street, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 9AE
 * NOTE: There's also a private Dentist on Ness Road in the village.

 * NHS Trust serves the area. - NHS East of England
 * ambulance service operates in the area.
 * police forces serves the settlement, and if any stations are in the area.
 * fire service serves the settlement and if any stations are in the area.
 * A note on any other notable public services (telecommunications, social housing, and local businesses are not generally suitable).

Others
See also: commons:Category:Burwell, Cambridgeshire

External Pics

 * Geograph: "Burwell"
 * Geograph: "Burwell, Cambridgeshire" (both released under CC-BY-SA 2.0 license)
 * Railway line from Devil's Dyke
 * "New" St Andrews Church on North St

Flickr

 * CC 2.0: Steven's Mill in 1965
 * CC 2.0: Steven's Mill in 1988
 * CC 2.0: St Mary's at night
 * CC 2.0: Burwell & District bus
 * ALL RIGHTS RESERVED: Burwell Castle, 1906 < I've seen a black and white version of this before too; basically want to pic like this one showing the wall (on the right) which survived until the 1930's. - JVG (talk) 22:55, 12 October 2010 (UTC)
 * This would be the b&w version, c1910. Alas, it's (c) Cambs County Council. - JVG (talk) 23:12, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

Nearest RC church in Newmarket?
I'm not sure that this merits a mention in an article about Burwell. Would it also be relevant to mention e.g. that the nearest Hindu temple is in Leicester? Or that the nearest mosque is in e.g. Cambridge? Burwell lacks many institutions and amenities - should they all be mentioned as NOT being there? If there had once been a Catholic church in Burwell, then IMHO it would be fair to mention it. Other views? Thanks. --TraceyR (talk) 12:27, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

 * It was already there that villagers attend it, and I was planning on putting such a note as an aside later anyway. There's a lot about the churches actually in Burwell that isn't here yet and can be added, that will make the catholic bit just be a footnote once it's done. There's tons about St Mary's alone, then there's BOTH St Andrews (yes there've been two and in different parts of the village), the chapel in the Cemetery, Trinity, Baptist... - JVG (talk) 13:08, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

Burwell quarry and Anglesey Abbey
During a tour of Anglesey Abbey (in Bottisham) a few years ago, the guide explained that a previous owner of the Anglesea Abbey estate persuaded the owner of the (then defunct) quarry in Burwell to reopen it, in order to provide building materials for the extension he was planning (the quarry had provided stone for original buildings). This detail can no doubt be provided by the National Trust, perhaps even online - a quick search reveals that the first Lord Fairhaven and his brother bought the property in 1926, employing "top London architects" to plan alterations, while "taking great pains to retain the original stonework and features of the 13th-century priory". "They built ... a new wing out of old stone in 1939" - perhaps the "old stone" came from the Burwell quarry.

While on this subject, isn't Burwell Brick from the defunct brickworks on the Lode between Burwell and Wicken very distinctive for its pale yellow colour ("Burwell whites")? If so, this deserves a mention too. --TraceyR (talk) 22:25, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

 * If you can source it, add it. Be bold! - JVG (talk) 18:06, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

Eric Ennion and Burwell
This source shows the link between the eminent naturalist and artist Eric Ennion and Burwell. --TraceyR (talk) 22:32, 6 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Unfortunate typo in edit comment; should have been "add" of course!
 * What typo? ;) Firstly, such info isn't even on his own wiki page at the moment so would be worth adding there. As for here; is he significant to the village? Is he a significant part of village culture perhaps? If you can justify it though, add it. There was a notable people list before but I think I stripped it out as unencyclopaedic and untidy in the state it was in; it was a list when it should have been prose really, and may be re-added as a section in such a format if there're enough people of significance to the subject matter of Burwell village. - JVG (talk) 18:17, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Burwell, Cambridgeshire


text:
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional

The Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional, also known as LALIGA (the abbreviation LFP was used until the 2015–16 season), is a sports association responsible for administering the two professional football leagues in Spain, the Primera and Segunda Divisions, or LALIGA EA SPORTS and LALIGA HYPERMOTION for sponsorship reasons. Founded in 1984, the organisation has independent legal status from the Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) and it is autonomous in its operations. Its main role, in addition to defending its members' interests, is to organise the National League Championship in conjunction with the RFEF.

LaLiga has been detecting and denouncing attitudes of racism, xenophobia and violence to the RFEF Competition Committee and the Spanish State Anti-Violence Commission for years. Faced with what LaLiga considered to be inaction on the part of these bodies, it filed a complaint with the Hate Prosecutor's Office some time ago. However, due to the disparate criteria and the lack of convictions by the prosecutor's office, LaLiga went a step further and since the 22/23 season has gone directly to court in the case of racist insults. This route, although it is starting to produce results, is slow. That is why, given the lack of sanctions and sentences for what LaLiga denounces, LaLiga has requested sanctioning powers to decree the total or partial closure of sports venues, the prohibition of access to the same and the imposition of economic sanctions. LaLiga has also stated that if they are given the sanctioning powers, they will put an end to racism in football in a matter of months.

The Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional rejects the European Super League for being an exclusive and exclusionary championship that does not reward sporting merit, eliminates domestic leagues as the vehicle for earning a place in Europe's elite, and bases its governance model on the power of wealthy clubs.

LaLiga is headquartered at the Murano Building, in Calle de Torrelaguna 60, Madrid. Since 2013, Javier Tebas serves as the chairman of the organisation.

Competition: National League Championship
The 41 member clubs of LaLiga are grouped into two divisions: Primera División or LALIGA EA SPORTS (20 clubs) and Segunda División or LALIGA HYPERMOTION (22 clubs, including Villarreal B). In any given season a club plays each of the others in the same division twice, once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents. This makes for a total of 38 games played each season in LALIGA EA SPORTS and 42 in LALIGA HYPERMOTION.

Clubs gain three points for a win, one for a draw, and none for a defeat. At the end of each season, the club with the most points in Primera División is crowned Spanish champions. If points are equal, the head-to-head records determine the winner. If still equal, the goal difference and then goals scored become the deciding factors. As for Segunda División, at the top end three clubs win promotion to Primera, with the bottom three LALIGA clubs taking their places. At the lower end, four clubs are relegated to Primera Federación, while four teams from Primera Federación join Segunda instead.

The National League Championship has only been interrupted on two occasions throughout its history, during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The competitions were suspended between 9 March and 11 June 2020, when they began again without spectators.

Organisation
Headquartered in Madrid, the institution is also present in 55 countries through its 11 offices and 46 delegates. The majority of the association's social outreach work is carried out by its Foundation. Featuring amongst LaLiga's main responsibilities is the organisation of the professional football competitions, the implementation of a financial control system, managing the centralised sale of the audiovisual rights and overseeing an internationalisation and technology leadership strategy. During the COVID-19 pandemic and in light of the announcement of a state of alarm that saw citizens confined to their homes, LaLiga organised various cultural and sports events online.

General Assembly
The General Assembly is the deliberative assembly of la "Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional". It is composed of the 42 football clubs and public limited sports companies (Sociedad Anónima Deportiva, S.A.D.) that make up the Primera and Segunda División. Each club/S.A.D. is usually represented by its respective president.

President
The president, along with the other members of the executive committee, is responsible for the day-to-day running of the organisation. The current president is Javier Tebas, who was elected to the post in April 2013 and re-elected in October 2016 and in December 2019.

Name & Sponsorships
In its first statutes, which were passed in 1984, the organisation was officially named as the National Professional Football League, although amongst the media and supporters the institution's name was shortened and informally referred to as La Liga or the Professional Football League, with the acronym "LFP" commonly used.

In the 1996/97 season, the media began to refer to the competition by its nickname, Liga de las estrellas ('League of the stars'). The onset of financial prosperity, conversion of clubs to SADs, sale of audiovisual rights and the Bosman ruling, which enabled greater movement of European Union footballers (and other foreigners, including South American and African players), attracted the best foreign footballers and saw the Spanish game take off once and for all. At this time, the competition was often referred to as the Professional Football League, despite this not being its official name.

This unofficial moniker, which didn't represent any issue amongst the Spanish media, did begin to prove problematic, given that it was identical to and featured the same acronym as France's Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP).

The competition's first sponsorship agreement was signed with BBVA. From 2008, the top flight's name featured BBVA, its lead sponsor, and was known as the Liga BBVA, whilst the second rung was referred to as the Liga Adelante. The sponsorship deal with BBVA ran up until the 2015/16 campaign.

On 21 July 2016, the association signed a three-year sponsorship deal with Santander Bank. This saw the name of the league regain independence as it came to be known as LaLiga whilst the organisation's corporate identity was revamped. The sponsorship agreement with Santander Bank resulted in new names for the institution's two main competitions. The top flight was renamed as LaLiga Santander, whilst the second tier would now be known as LaLiga 1|2|3. The latter underwent another name change in August 2019, when it became known as LaLiga SmartBank.

Following the sponsorship agreement signed with Electronic Arts in 2022, LALIGA EA SPORTS and LALIGA HYPERMOTION are the names of the Primera and Segunda Divisions, starting in the 2023–24 season and for the following four seasons.

Ball Sponsorship
Nike was the official ball supplier of LaLiga for more than 10 seasons between the 1996/97 season and the 2018/19 season, taking over from Adidas. From 2019 to 2020, German sportswear company Puma became the official provider of match balls.

Official match ball

 * 1996–1998: Nike 850 Geo
 * 1998–2000: Nike 800 Geo
 * 2000–2002: Nike Geo Merlin
 * 2002–2004: Nike Geo Merlin Vapor
 * 2004–2006: Nike T90 Aerow I
 * 2006–2008: Nike T90 Aerow II
 * 2008–2009: Nike T90 Omni
 * 2009–2010: Nike T90 Ascente
 * 2010–2011: Nike T90 Tracer
 * 2011–2012: Nike Seitiro
 * 2012–2013: Nike Maxim
 * 2013–2014: Nike Incyte
 * 2014–2015: Nike Ordem 2
 * 2015–2016: Nike Ordem 3
 * 2016–2017: Nike Ordem 4
 * 2017–2018: Nike Ordem 5
 * 2018–2019: Nike Merlin
 * 2019–present: Puma

Cleaning up finances & financial controls
A process involving a clean-up of Spanish football's finances and the implementation of financial control measures began in 2013 in response to the critical financial plight of the majority of the clubs. In an assembly meeting held on 21 May 2014, the clubs approved the Financial Control Regulations for the National Professional Football League Member Clubs and Public Limited Sports Companies, which saw the clubs and SADs self-impose a series of stricter regulations than those enforced by UEFA and establish that LaLiga would be responsible for overseeing a financial control system and monitoring of its member clubs and SADs.

This saw the clubs and SADs embark on a process during which they settled outstanding player wages and reduced their debts with the Spanish tax authorities (AEAT) and social security. This led to improved financial solvency and established fair competition between clubs, avoiding financial doping.

Audiovisual Rights
LaLiga's progress and consolidation is also the result of the centralised marketing of the audiovisual rights of the top-flight and second-tier clubs (LALIGA EA SPORTS and LALIGA HYPERMOTION) and public limited sports companies. The centralised sale of audiovisual rights, which represents the clubs' primary source of revenue, was approved during the Congress of Deputies held on 14 May 2015, with the regulations established in the Royal Decree-Law 5/2015.

This decree law put an end to the tug-of-war between LaLiga, the RFEF and the government, which began in 1997 with the ruling that one game per week must be shown free.

Socio-economic impact
The financial activity generated by LaLiga represents a strategic sector. According to a study published by Price Waterhouse Coopers (PwC) in 2019, the competition generated €15.7 billion in the 2016/17 season, which represented 1.37% of Spain's GDP and provided 185,000 direct and indirect job positions.

The PwC report reveals that the financial impact of the professional football industry in the 2016/17 season was double the levels recorded in the 2012/13 campaign, when its impact was valued at €7.6bn and accounted for 0.75% of Spain's GDP. Meanwhile, the industry's impact on employment opportunities experienced a 28% increase during this same period (rising from 140,000 to 184,600 job positions) and tax receipts rose by 41%, from €3bn to €4.1bn.

Football generates revenue for other businesses that use the game as a lever to generate activity. This 'tractor impact' reveals that of the €2.4bn that supporters spent on matchdays, €1.07bn was spent inside the stadium, €1.23bn in bars and €100bn on tourist activities; €561 million was spent on pay-TV channels and media consumption apiece, whist €261m was spent on betting and €217m on video games.

Every euro of revenue earned by LaLiga generated €4.20 across the rest of the activities and each of the competition's job positions created another four roles in other sectors. In terms of the contribution to Spain's tax coffers, the professional football industry contributed €4.1bn. Ref: LaLiga.com

According to the Economic-Financial Report for the 2019–2020 season, the first season affected by the confinement and restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic, Spanish soccer manifested its strength and sustainability, exceeding 5 billion in revenues for the first time, despite the impact of the pandemic. LaLiga was the only major league competition to achieve a positive net result (77 million euros), and the one that generates the most revenue per capita. All of this was thanks to the responsibility shown by Spanish clubs in containing costs.

Seasonal Income
Ref: LaLiga

In 2021 LaLiga contributed more than €125 million to other entities for the development of non-professional soccer and other sports. Of this amount, the RFEF received 52% (€65.6 million), the CSD 39.5% (€48.8 million) and the players' unions 8.9% (€11.3 million). This means an increase of 13% with respect to the 19/20 season and 202% with respect to the 14/15 season.

LaLiga – CVC agreement
In August 2021, LaLiga agreed on the creation, together with the private equity fund CVC Capital Partners, of a holding company and a joint accounts agreement, whereby the fund contributed €2.7 billion in exchange for 10.95% of the profits generated from the commercial exploitation of the different LaLiga products, to be repaid by the clubs over 50 years. The project was called LaLiga Impulse.

LaLiga Impulse was unanimously approved by the clubs at the Delegate Commission of 4 August 2021 and approved at the General Assembly by a majority of 39 clubs (out of 42 in total) on 12 August. At this assembly, Real Madrid CF, FC Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao and Real Oviedo voted against, although the Asturian club finally decided to sign up to the agreement days later to guarantee its sporting project. However, in June 2023, Fútbol Club Barcelona withdrew from the lawsuit against LaLiga and the clubs, leaving only Real Madrid and Athletic Bilbao as the only clubs opposed to the agreement.

The agreement between CVC and LaLiga foresees the possibility of any club opting out or joining at a later date, where the sums corresponding to these clubs are subtracted from the initial amount. Following the decision by the aforementioned clubs not to form part of it, the final amount was set at around €2.1 billion in exchange for a percentage of almost 10.95% of the commercial profits. As for the use made of the funds by the clubs, 70% must be destined to infrastructure, 15% to settling debt, and the remaining 15% for increasing the wage limit for players in the first three years.

Digitalisation
The gradual digitalisation within our society has been mirrored in the professional ranks of the Spanish game, resulting in an enhanced audiovisual product and multimedia development. LaLiga boasts a digital ecosystem that revolves around three elements: channels, services and data, which enable clubs and supporters to interact. Through its website, mobile apps and LaLigaSportsTV, the over-the-top platform launched in early 2019, the institution has achieved the participation of those supporters who interact with all of these devices, whilst the services speed up and simplify fan access. All of the data generated as a result of this interaction is used to customise content, affording the association the opportunity to tailor content across all of the channels in the ecosystem.

Data has become an essential element of LaLiga's strategy when it comes to centralising, organising, preparing and providing all of the necessary information to make decision-making more effective and efficient. Over time, the clubs have been provided with the various tools and technological applications based on artificial intelligence, which, amongst other purposes, serve to detect cases of match-fixing and assist when making decisions about kick-off times to ensure optimum stadium attendance and viewing figures.

In 2021, LaLiga developed LaLiga Tech, a digital ecosystem based on artificial intelligence data and digital processes that offers technological solutions for sports and entertainment.

Audiovisual production
The biggest games in each round of fixtures are recorded using a 4k High Dynamic Range (HDR) system with 20 HDR cameras, whilst for special fixtures (El Clasico or finals) 30 cameras are employed. Since the 2017/18 season, all of the LaLiga stadiums have been equipped with a tactical camera that automatically follows the play and produces a live tactical overview that is made available to the teams' analysts. In addition, the stadiums also boast an aerial camera that is positioned 21 metres above the pitch, and 38 ultra-high definition cameras are located around the stadiums to generate 360º volumetric video clips and provide replays of each move from every angle. In addition, Replay 360 technology is also used to generate virtual graphics during live broadcasts.

Technological tools
Artificial intelligence, a plentiful supply of data and the use of specific tools serve to assist clubs when it comes to making decisions on certain issues.

Mediacoach offers the 42 top-flight and second-tier teams statistical and analytic data (supplied by GPS cameras that monitor each player) regarding the performance levels of every player. This allows for analysis of the play and the technical-tactical and fitness aspects involved in a game.

Players are provided with access to the Players APP, an exclusive application developed for LaLiga players in conjunction with the Club del Deportista magazine, which provides them with the data collected by Mediacoach and personalised information at the end of every game.

Calendar Selector is a LaLiga-developed tool used to optimise stadium attendance and TV audience figures. An algorithm uses tens of historical variables including kick-off times, TV audiences, stadium attendance figures, league standings, etc. to help to optimise decision-making when it comes to scheduling kick-off time.

Sunlight Broadcasting Planning: This tool involved the reconstruction of the LaLiga stadiums in detailed 3D images. The software allows for a date and kick-off time to be input into the system, which offers a completely accurate picture of the sunlight, light, shade, brightness, etc. and provides a prediction of how this will impact on the supporters and the TV image. This tool is also used to make improved decisions regarding kick-off times.

Applications & games
As of October 2021, the LaLiga apps had registered over 116 million downloads, of which 80% were from beyond Spain's borders. LaLiga has developed the following apps: the official LaLiga App, Quiniela (football pools), club apps (available for 23 LaLiga clubs), LaLiga Fantasy, Head Football, Tiny Striker LaLiga, LaLiga Top Cards, LaLiga Educational Games and voice assistants (Google, Cortana, Skype, Samsung Bixby, Movistar Home).

In the 2017/18 season, LaLiga entered the virtual world of eSports. During the 2019/20 campaign, the eLaLiga Santander tournament was held as a part of the official EA Sports TM FIFA 20 Global Series in Spain competition, which involved the participation of 33 LaLiga Santander and LaLiga SmartBank teams.

Social media
In February 2022, LaLiga surpassed 150 million followers across its social media channels (in the 2013/14 season its followers numbered just 3.9m).

The institution has 22 accounts across the following 12 platforms: Facebook, Twitter (LaLiga, LaLigaEN, LaLigaArab, LaLigaBRA, LaLigaFRA, LaLigaJP, LaLigaID, LaLigaTH, LaLigaSports, eSportsLaLiga, Fundación LaLiga), Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, four networks in China (Weibo, WeChat, Douyin, Toutiao); two social media channels in Russia (OK, VK); Line (three accounts: one for Japan, another for Thailand and one for Indonesia).

LaLiga boasts a global audience that spans across the world. The country with the highest number of followers is Spain (7m), followed by Indonesia (over 5.2m); India (more than 5.1m); Mexico (over 5m); Brazil (more than 4.7m) and China and Egypt (over 4m apiece).

When interacting with all of these users, LaLiga communicates in over 15 languages. In addition to addressing followers in Spanish, the institution also communicates its message in English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Japanese, Portuguese, Turkish, Russian, Hindi, Bengali, Indonesia, Thai, Filipino, Danish, Vietnamese, Pidgin English, Swahili, Wolof, Lingala, and Hebrew, amongst other languages.

Measures against violence, match-fixing & piracy
One of the objectives actively pursued by LaLiga is to eradicate violence, xenophobia and racism, match-fixing and audiovisual piracy. In December 2023, the LALIGAVS platform brought together the various actions to prevent hate in professional football. Together with the clubs, LaLiga has promoted more than 700 initiatives aimed at education, prevention and action. It has also created the Monitor for the Observation of Hate in Sport (MOOD) to measure the effectiveness and success of its strategies among fans.

Racist conduct is reported to the Spanish courts, to the State Commission against Violence, Racism, Xenophobia and Intolerance in Sport and to the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) after each matchday. LaLiga's Legal and Integrity and Security departments apply a system of prevention, detection and reporting. LaLiga also acts as a prosecutor in any criminal proceedings related to violence and racism in football. To speed up the identification of these behaviours, the institution has created a reporting channel on its website.

LaLiga submits a weekly report to the RFEF and the Anti-violence Committee with information regarding chants heard during matches that incite violence or feature content that is insulting in nature. The aforementioned bodies are the only ones possessing the authority to impose sanctions.

With regards to match-fixing, in addition to the use of technology, talks on integrity and security are given to all players involved in both leagues. The technology monitors all bookmakers throughout the world and detects any abnormal betting patterns, which are analysed by experts, and where any suspicion arises, the case is referred to the police and legal authorities. In the fight against match-fixing and the detection of cases through the use of technology, clubs have been equipped with tools such as Tyche 3.0. There have been instances where complaints brought by LaLiga have resulted in legal proceedings, as was the case with Operacion Oikos.

In relation to audiovisual piracy, as well as boasting a specific anti-piracy department that works alongside other European leagues, the institution advocates legal action, lobbies and works to establish institutional relations to favour the implementation of anti-piracy legislation (both in Spain and abroad). The digital tools employed by LaLiga in the pursuit of cases of piracy, including the Marauder software, have been shared with the Spanish Ministry of Culture, which has made significant strides in tackling fraud and intellectual property crime.

LaLiga Sports
LaLigaSports was founded in 2016 in response to the commitments made under the Royal Decree-Law 5/2015 and as a means to support other Spanish sports apart from football and boost the sports industry in general. The organisation is made up of 64 federations and receives 1% of the revenue from the sale of football's audiovisual rights. One of the association's objectives is to cover the social security payments of elite athletes who compete in other sporting disciplines, as well as funding their participation in international competitions. The financial assistance, which amounts to 1% of the audiovisual rights, is administered by the CSD, which in the 2018/19 season paid out €13,350,000 across the following three areas: social security, grants and international competitions.

LaLigaSportsTV
At the start of 2019, LaLiga launched the LaLigaSportsTV platform, an over-the-top service which offers live coverage of a variety of Spanish sports competitions, and that, in addition to football, provides viewers with the latest news of the other sports which receive less media coverage. The platform broadcasts the competitions via streaming, which means that they are available to all users, although some of the coverage is open access and other content requires the payment of a fee. In terms of the football coverage, users must make a prior payment to gain access to LaLiga Hypermotion matches, whilst the rest of the sports are available at no cost (with exceptions). Top-flight football fixtures are not available via the platform, although match highlights and pre- and post-match interviews are offered. In short, the platform provides coverage of a great number of Spanish sports and competitions, but content which is typically paid for (basketball leagues, tennis tournaments, etc.) is not included. At the close of 2019, the platform boasted over 400,000 registered users and featured coverage of 30 sporting disciplines.

Women's football
A LaLiga department to study and promote the female game and support the clubs in their decision-making in relation to the professionalization and visibility of female players and women's football fixtures was opened in 2015. This department was also a driving force behind the creation of the Spanish Association of Women's Football Clubs, which works to promote a broad range of activities that contribute to the development of ladies' football. When created in 2015, the association had 13 founder members, with this number having risen to 69 participating clubs in 2020.

Foundation
The Professional Football League's Foundation is a private, cultural organisation, created following a unanimously approved initiative proposed by the National Professional Football League's general assembly. The institution, which is an independent legal entity and a non-profit-making organisation with full functional autonomy, was legally constituted on 5 February 1993.

The Foundation's main objective is the promotion, development, funding, investigation and organisation of cultural activities in general and, in particular, those relating to physical culture and football.

In the pursuit of its objectives, the Foundation runs cultural activities through the awarding of scholarships and study grants for the purposes of sports training, learning and research, artistic competition and promotion, exhibitions, conferences, publications, youth football competitions and any other cultural and sporting events.

Since 2017, the Foundation has organised LaLiga Genuine, a football league for intellectually challenged footballers that features the participation of 36 LaLiga clubs. Among other socio-educational activities, LALIGA Za'atari Social Project has been organised in the Za'atari refugee camp in Jordan since 2020.

LaLiga Business School
The institution, created to contribute to the training of leaders in the football industry and across other global sports, opened its doors in 2018. Run in conjunction with the Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, the school offers postgraduate studies and a range of other training courses. The school runs the following master's programmes: Law Applied to Professional Football; Management, Methodology and Analysis in Football; and Global Sports Marketing, whilst also providing the following courses: LaLiga eSport, Digital Strategy & Data, and Behind the scenes at a sports event. All of these courses include both theoretical and practical elements and are imparted by seasoned industry professionals.

Stay at home: COVID-19
During the course of the COVID-19 crisis, which brought the competition to a temporary standstill, LaLiga organised a series of activities as a part of the Quédate En Casa (Stay At Home) campaign as it created entertainment content that could be enjoyed at home.

The first of these initiatives was LaLiga Santander Challenge, a FIFA 20 tournament contested by one representative from each of the LaLiga squads, with Real Madrid's Marco Asensio ultimately prevailing as victor. Followed by over a million users, the competition raised €180,000 towards the battle against COVID-19.

The institution also organised LaLiga Santander Fest, a music festival featuring a line-up of famous artists and footballers, who took part from their homes as they contributed to raising funds for the purchase of medical supplies.

Elsewhere, LaLiga's partners in China assisted during the health crisis by donating 170,000 facemasks. All of these initiatives saw LaLiga make the following donations to Spanish society: 1,435,000 high-risk facemasks, 115 non-invasive respirators, 12,595 disposable, sterile gowns and 500,000 sets of gloves.

International growth
The rise in interest in the Spanish game has prompted the global expansion of the National Professional Football League, which has been grounded on three fundamental cornerstones: its international offices, the Global Network and the joint-venture partnerships that the institution has established across the world. The institution's international offices are located in: Belgium (Brussels), China (Shanghai and Beijing), South Africa (Johannesburg), the United States (New York), the United Arab Emirates (Dubai), India (New Delhi), Nigeria (Lagos), Mexico (Mexico City), Singapore (Singapore), the UK (London) and Spain (Madrid and Barcelona).

The LaLiga Global Network is formed by 44 delegates, who are based in locations throughout 41 countries. Featuring amongst the joint-venture partnerships signed by the institution are LaLiga North America, in conjunction with RELEVENT, that aims to introduce the Spanish game into the United States. LaLiga was recognised at the WFS Industry Awards 2019 for Best Internationalisation Strategy.

In 2020, LaLiga was named as the Honorary Ambassador of Brand Spain in the international relations category, "on account of its contribution to offering a positive image of Spain across the world through football" and "assisting the internationalisation of both Spanish companies and athletes."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional


text:
Charles K. Harris

Charles Kassel Harris (May 1, 1867 – December 22, 1930) was a well regarded American songwriter of popular music. During his long career, he advanced the relatively new genre, publishing more than 300 songs, often deemed by admirers as the "king of the tear jerkers". He is one of the early pioneers of Tin Pan Alley.

Biography

Harris was born in Poughkeepsie, New York into a Jewish family of ten children. His father was a fur trader and moved the family to Saginaw, Michigan and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he grew up. From his early fascination with the banjo, he wrote his first song "Since Maggie Learned To Skate" for the play The Skating Rink by Nat Goodwin in 1885.

In 1892, Harris wrote "After the Ball", a song about an old man recounting the story of his long-lost love to his niece. He caught the attention of John Philip Sousa, who played the tune at the 1893 World Columbian Exposition in Chicago, boosting sheet music sales to in excess of five million copies in the 1890s.

His next hit "Break the News to Mother", about a dying soldier, coincided with the Spanish–American War in 1897 and furthered his popularity. It was also a hit during 1917 and 1918, with recordings by the Shannon Four and Henry Burr.

In 1899, he drew upon his own experiences as a Jew to compose "A Rabbi's Daughter".

Harris's sentimental songs were introduced on stages and music halls, but they found ready acceptance among folkloric string bands of the South. Both "Fallen By the Wayside"' and "There’ll Come a Time" were recorded by Charlie Poole and the North Carolina Ramblers, and both "Mid the Green Fields of Virginia" and his extremely popular song from 1901, "Hello Central, Give Me Heaven", were recorded by The Carter Family.

Later, Harris began writing songs for musicals, working with Oscar Hammerstein. His plays The Scarlet Sisters and What's The Matter With Julius had moderate success.

Books
In 1906 Harris also penned and self-published the book How to Write a Popular Song. In 1926, Harris published his autobiography bearing the title, After the Ball. According to The New York Times Book Review, the book generated a " of letters from amateur musicians expressing their high regard for his work."

Death
He died in New York City in 1930.

title: Charles K. Harris


text:
Category:Arsenal F.C. managers

This category is for people who have held the post of manager (or secretary-manager, as it used to be known) of Arsenal Football Club; caretaker-managers are also included.

Assistant managers, coaches, trainers, physios etc. are found in Category:Arsenal F.C. non-playing staff.

title: Category:Arsenal F.C. managers


text:
All Seeing I

The All Seeing I were a British electronic music group from Sheffield, England, comprising Dean Honer, Jason Buckle and DJ Parrot (real name Richard Barratt).

Biography
The band released their first single "I Walk" in 1997, but it was not until the year after that they gained mainstream commercial success with the song "Beat Goes On", a remixed cover of the Sonny Bono song, using the vocals from Buddy Rich's version, which were sung by his daughter Cathy.

Their works were something of a Sheffield collective, and the trio worked with artists from the city including Tony Christie, Jarvis Cocker, Philip Oakey, Babybird and many others. Their regular live vocalist was Bozz, who later went on to form electronica duo Hiem.

All Seeing I were asked in November 1998 to produce a cover of "Beat Goes On" for Britney Spears' debut album ...Baby One More Time. They have also remixed a variety of artists, including Pulp.

Dean Honer also fronts the similarly styled group, I Monster.

Buckle went on to be a part-time member of Fat Truckers and formed Relaxed Muscle with Jarvis Cocker. He also has a brief cameo as one of the Weird Sisters rock band in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, along with Cocker, Pulp's Steve Mackey, Steve Claydon of Add N to (X), and Phil Selway and Jonny Greenwood of Radiohead.

Barratt was part of the duo Sweet Exorcist with Richard H. Kirk (of Cabaret Voltaire fame).

EPs

 * 1999: The All Seeing I – free 5-track promo CD with Jockey Slut magazine (London Records)

Promotional singles

 * "Megabeat" (1998)
 * "Disco Pussy" (1999)

title: All Seeing I


text:
Tony James (musician)

Anthony Eric James (born 12 April 1953) is an English pop musician and record producer, who was the bassist for the 1970s–1980s bands Generation X, Sigue Sigue Sputnik and the Sisters of Mercy.

Early life
Tony James was born in Shepherd's Bush in West London on 12 April 1953, and spent his childhood years in Twickenham. After formal education at Hampton Grammar School he attended Brunel University, from which he graduated with first-class honours in mathematics and computer science. Before becoming a professional musician he was briefly employed as a computer programmer in the accounting department of a company.

London S.S.
In 1975, James was a member of an early London proto-punk rock formation styling itself as The London S.S., along with Brian James (later of The Damned) and Mick Jones and Terry Chimes (both future members of The Clash).

Generation X
In late 1976, James joined the new band Chelsea as its bassist, the group included William Broad (a member of the Bromley Contingent) on guitar, John Towe on drums and Gene October as its frontman/lead singer. After a few weeks and a handful of support gigs in London and Manchester, James and Broad parted company with Gene October over a lack of personal chemistry, which October reciprocated the sentiment of, and departed taking John Towe with them to form another new band which they named Generation X. Broad renamed himself with the performance punk pseudonym "Billy Idol" as he switched from the guitarist's role to be the singer/frontman on the recruitment of Bob "Derwood" Andrews as its lead guitarist.

Generation X played their first gigs in London in December 1976, and swiftly began writing their own material and playing live in venues around London and further afield. After five months Towe was dropped from the group's formation at James's instigation, and was replaced by the drummer Mark Laff, to complete the line-up that signed to Chrysalis Records and released the band's first single, "Your Generation" in September 1977, which entered the Top 40 of the UK Singles Chart. The band went on to release two long-players, the self-titled Generation X (1978) and Valley of the Dolls (1979), and several singles, all but one of which charted, and through a hectic touring schedule increasingly gained media recognition as one of the acts with a potentially bright commercial future that had emerged from the punk-rock scene.

However, in early 1979 the band's internal cohesion began to come apart after the relative commercial failure of the Valley of the Dolls L.P., which had gone no higher than #51 in the U.K. Albums Chart, and disagreements arose within it about its future musical direction in London's post-punk landscape, the writing process and credits for its work, augmented by the appearance of personality clashes. These came to a head in late 1979 during the recording of what was the band's (unfinished) third long-player (retrospectively commercially released 20 years later the under the title Sweet Revenge). Generation X broke up in acrimony at the year's end with Andrews the lead guitarist quitting the act, and Idol and James asking its drummer Mark Laff to leave the band shortly afterwards over another disagreement.

Gen X
After abandoning the recording sessions at Olympic Studios, in early 1980 James and Idol re-launched the band in the New Romantic style, re-titled with the new name Gen X, with the drummer Terry Chimes. Re-recording some of the material from the abortive Olympic sessions, along with several new songs, at the beginning of 1981 it released a long-player entitled Kiss Me Deadly, featuring session-playing from several different lead guitarists in the absence of a permanent one in the band's line-up. A small tour was also carried out to promote the new band with James Stevenson having been brought in as its stand-in guitarist. Kiss Me Deadly was a commercial failure on release, failing to enter in the UK's Albums Chart, with its only single release "Dancing with Myself" also failing to enter the Top 40 Singles Chart; in consequence Chrysalis Records dropped the band's contract and the band broke up, with Idol leaving to pursue a solo career in the United States of America.

Sigue Sigue Sputnik
In 1981, after writing the single release "Russian Roulette" for the band The Lords of the New Church, playing on The London Cowboys' album Animal Pleasure and producing Sex Gang Children's album Song and Legend, James formed the rockabilly/cyberpunk act Sigue Sigue Sputnik, with whom he wrote and performed until 1989.

Subsequent career
In 1990, James became the bassist with The Sisters of Mercy, recording with it on the Vision Thing album; he also played on the band's subsequent live tours, however he left the band the following year. On 20 September 1993, during Billy Idol's No Religion Tour, James joined Generation X for a one-off reunion performance at the Astoria Theatre in London's West End.

From 2002 to 2013 James worked with Mick Jones, his erstwhile associate from The London S.S. in the mid-1970s, in an act titled Carbon/Silicon, with James co-writing songs and playing guitar.

James appeared at the 2023 Glastonbury Festival as a member of Generation Sex, featuring James and Billy Idol from Generation X, and Steve Jones and Paul Cook from the Sex Pistols.

Generation X

 * 1978 – Generation X (Chrysalis Records)
 * 1979 – Valley of the Dolls (Chrysalis Records)
 * 1998 – Sweet Revenge (Empty Records) (originally recorded in 1979)
 * 2004 – K.M.D. – Sweet Revenge Xtra (Revel Yell Music) (featuring bonus tracks)
 * Generation X Compilations:
 * 1985 – The Best of Generation X (Chrysalis Records)
 * 1990 – The Idol Generation (Castle Communications) (Australia only.)
 * 1991 – Perfect Hits 1975–81 (Chrysalis Records)
 * 1999 – Live at the Paris Theatre '78 & '81 (EMI Records) (edited and reissued in 2002 as One Hundred Punks – BBC Live in Concert)
 * 2002 – Radio 1 Sessions (Strange Fruit Records)
 * 2003 – Anthology (EMI Records)
 * 2003 – Live at Sheffield (Empty Records)
 * 2005 – Live (EMI Records)

Gen X

 * 1981 - Kiss Me Deadly (Chrysalis Records).

London Cowboys

 * 1982 – Animal Pleasure (Underdog Records)

The Lydons and the O'Donnells

 * 1986 – Family Album (MBC Records)

Sigue Sigue Sputnik

 * 1986 – Flaunt It (Parlophone Records)
 * 1988 – Dress for Excess (Parlophone Records)
 * 1996 – Sputnik: The Next Generation (EMI Records) (as "Sputnik: The Next Generation")
 * 2000 – Sci-Fi Sex Stars (Sputnikworld Records) (as "Sci-Fi Sex Stars")
 * 2001 – Piratespace (Sputnikworld Records)
 * 2002 – Blak Elvis vs. The Kings of Electronic Rock and Roll (Sputnikworld Records)
 * 2003 – Ultra Real (Sputnikworld Records)

 * Sigue Sigue Sputnik Compilations:
 * 1990 – The First Generation (Jungle Records)
 * 1997 – The First Generation – Second Edition (Jungle Records)
 * 1998 – The Ultimate 12" Collection (Sputnikworld Records)
 * 1999 – Flaunt It + Dress for Excess – French single CD edition of both albums (minus "Success" and "Dancerama").
 * 2001 – 21st Century Boys: The Best of Sigue Sigue Sputnik (EMI Records)
 * 2003 – The First Generation – Vid Edition (Jungle Records)
 * 2008 – 1984 Flaunt It: Demos and More (Cleopatra Records)

The Sisters of Mercy

 * 1990 – Vision Thing (MBC Records)

Fin de Siécle

 * 2003 –  This Is What I Like......  (Sputnikworld Records)

Carbon/Silicon

 * 2007 – The Magic Suitcase EP (Carbon/Silicon Records)
 * 2007 – The Last Post (Carbon/Silicon Records)
 * 2008 – Carbon Casino (Carbon/Silicon Records)

 * Carbon/Silicon Digital Releases:
 * 2010 – A.T.O.M. (Carbon/Silicon Records)
 * 2010 – Western Front (Carbon/Silicon Records)
 * 2010 – The Crackup Suite Parts 1 and 2 (Carbon/Silicon Records)
 * 2010 – The Carbon Bubble (Carbon/Silicon Records)
 * 2013 – Big Surprise (Carbon/Silicon Records)

title: Tony James (musician)


text: File:Steviewonder innervisions.jpg

title: File:Steviewonder innervisions.jpg


text:
1910 in Swedish football

The 1910 season in Swedish football, starting January 1910 and ending December 1910:

Svenska Mästerskapet 1910

 * Final

Corinthian Bowl 1910

 * Final

Kamratmästerskapen 1910

 * Final

Wicanderska Välgörenhetsskölden 1910

 * Final

National team results
Sweden: Erik Alstam - Erik Lavass, Jacob Levin - Bertil Nordenskjöld, Sixten Öberg, Thor Ericsson - Herman Myhrberg, Sven Landberg, Ivar Friberg, Karl Gustafsson, Samuel Lindqvist.

title: 1910 in Swedish football


text:
Talk:Tanjung Piai

Sarcasm
Wow. This is so factual and NPOV I almost can't believe it. It's got the little stub disclaimer and everything. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.68.57.247 (talk • contribs) 11:20, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Restaurants
Where does Tanjung Piai itself have restaurants? Those are in Kukup, no? Sejtam (talk) 05:21, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

Coordinate error
The following coordinate fixes are needed for

1.155133, 103.304305

—121.247.140.120 (talk) 09:21, 3 December 2011 (UTC)

 * as existing coordinates appear to be correct. Please feel free to re-list and say why you think they're incorrect and why the ones you suggest are correct. — TransporterMan  ( TALK ) 20:53, 5 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I concur with the decline. 121.247.140.120 appears to have confused degrees-minutes-seconds with decimal-degrees.  Our current coordinates are 1°15′58″N 103°30′39″E and appear to be correct.  121.247's coordinates of 1.155133°N 103.304305°E correspond to 1°09'18"N 103°18'15"E which is 14 miles away, on the Indonesian side of the Malacca Strait, just north of the island Pulau Mentjes Besar.  If 121.247 had intended to suggest 1°15'51"N 103°30'43"E, then that point is only 800 feet to the SE of ours, and is a bit closer to the shore, but ours does a bit better job of centering on the region of land which includes the Tanjung Piai National Park. -- ToE 13:55, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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title: Talk:Tanjung Piai


text:
Franklin Township Community School Corporation

Franklin Township Community School Corporation (FTCSC) is a public school district in Franklin Township, Marion County, Indiana, United States. It is responsible for seven elementary schools, two intermediate schools, one junior high, and one high school. The school district's 2022 enrollment was 11,139 students. Adding to its total, the district built one more elementary school, and a freshman academy addition, which opened in 2009, at the high school to keep up with continued growth.

Demographics
According to the Indiana Department of Education, the district's enrollment population is 82.1% White, 6% Black, 4.9% Multiracial, 4% Hispanic, 2.8% Asian, and 0.3% Native American. The district's gender ratio is 49.2% females to 50.8% males.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Highly cited researcher

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Speedy delete, only an external link. Thue | talk 21:23, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Highly cited researcher
Useless topic. Seems to have been created just to insert one link, though I can't tell if it's an advertisement. Fredrik | talk 11:21, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Spam, no content. Delete, candidate for speedy deletion. - Mike Rosoft 13:19, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. No content except spam link.  Quale 16:43, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, recreation of deleted page with same content. --cesarb 17:27, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * SD as solely consisting of an ad. Fawcett5 20:40, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy --Xcali 21:15, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
I Monster

I Monster are an English electronic music duo, composed of the Sheffield based record producers Dean Honer and Jarrod Gosling. Best known for their songs Who Is She ? and Daydream in Blue, both of which appeared on their 2003 album Neveroddoreven. They have also produced records for acts such as The Human League or HK119 and worked on a documentary about the origins of electronic music.

I Monster and its label Twins of Evil are both named after horror films starring Peter Cushing (i.e., I, Monster and Twins of Evil).

Early life
Gosling played in a rock band called Candy Paige as a teenager. Honer left school at 16 and moved to Sheffield shortly after. He started producing music and joined numerous bands. In 1990, he opened Neptune studio, a recording studio, together with Duncan Wheat.

Formation and Daydream In Blue (1996–2002)
Dean Honer and Jarrod Gosling first met in 1991, when a mutual friend introduced them to each other. Honer was setting up his studio and invited Gosling to make music together. Early influences included early Warp Records releases, Fad Gadget and Blancmange. They were already making techno music akin of Aphex Twin, Autechre and Black Dog together for years when they founded I Monster in 1998. Drawing inspiration from the psychedelic rock, progressive rock and easy listening of the '60s as well as Ennio Morricone, they would go buy vinyl records and start to chop them into songs. This was the process that resulted in an early version of Daydream in Blue, which sampled The Gunter Kallmann Choir's version of "Daydream". After finishing their first album These Are Our Children in 1999, the two musicians received an Arts Council grant to press 500 CDs which they had to give away for free, due to sample clearance issues. After being evicted from Neptune studio in 2001, Honer set up Bowling Green studio, where he has been situated since.

Daydream in Blue, which already featured on their first album, was reworked and released as a single in 2001 on Cercle Records, a record label founded by Honer and frequent collaborator Barry Smith of Add N To (X) along with singles from Smith's band and All Seeing I members. Honer describes this era of creative cooperation as "quite a bit of cross-pollination between Add N To (X), the All Seeing I, and I Monster". After British radio host Nemone picked up the song and played it on her show, interest grew in the duo and they signed to Instant Karma shortly thereafter. Daydream peaked at number 20 in the UK charts.

Neveroddoreven (2003–2008)
In 2003 I Monster returned with their second album Neveroddoreven. The original artwork featuring a skull was created by Gosling under the pseudonym of Varrod Goblink. The duo was able to tour after the release and were joined by Marion Benoist and Fred de Fred of The Lovers. According to the group, the label mishandled some of the release strategy, leading to them leaving. In 2005 the album was re-released with a new sleeve by Dharma Records.

In 2007 Chicago rapper Lupe Fiasco heavily sampled "Daydream in Blue" on his hit song "Daydreamin'" featuring Jill Scott, popularizing the song even more.

I Monster started collaborating with Finnish pop artist, HK119, for her second album in 2007. The resulting project, Fast, Cheap and Out of Control was released in September 2008 on One Little Indian Records, and saw I Monster co-write and co-produce over three quarters of the album. This collaboration came from Dean Honer's previous role as a remixer for HK119's debut single, "Pick Me Up", from her eponymous debut album in 2006.

A Dense Swarm and People Soup (2009–2013)
I Monster released their third studio album A Dense Swarm of Ancient Stars in 2009. The coverart was once again designed by Gosling, as well as the artwork for every I Monster release thereafter.

In 2011, the band produced The Human League's ninth album Credo, its first in 10 years. Joseph Stannard, writing for The Quietus, called the album a "terrific synthpop record" and better than 1981's Dare.

October 2012 saw the duo releasing two albums, Rare and Remixed, compromised of bonus tracks and rarities from "Neveroddoreven".

In 2013, they released a collection of songs that didn't make it onto A Dense Swarm of Ancient Stars under the name of Swarf. 2013 also saw the release of I Monster Presents People Soup, an album heavily featuring a fictional band entirely consisting of female singers over more pop-oriented instrumentation.

Bright Sparks documentary (2015–2016)
Bright Sparks, a two hour-long documentary, produced by Dave Spiers of GForce and I Monster, about the origins and pioneers of electronic music, was released in 2015, joined by an accompanying album of the same title in 2016. The feature documentary contains numerous interviews with instrument designers and musicians. The first half of the movie, called "A Side", focuses on US inventors, while the "B Side" features British innovators. Interviewees include Adrian Utley, Daniel Miller, Billy Currie, Karl Hyde, Alessandro Cortini, Will Gregory and many more.

The album Bright Sparks consists of eight songs paying tribute to different innovators of electronic music, including but not limited to Robert Moog, Herbert Deutsch, Ken Freeman, Don Buchla, Harry Chamberlin and Alan R. Pearlman among many others.

Bright Sparks Instrumental, an instrumental version of the album, was released on 19 July 2016 on the group's Bandcamp site. Included on this album is a preview track for Bright Sparks Volume Two.

Comeback (2022–present)
I Monster didn't release any music in over 5 years, but after the sixth track of Neveroddoreven called "Who Is She ?" gained overnight virality on TikTok in 2022, the duo started work on an expanded version of that album. This resulted in the release of Neveroddoreven (Redux) in March 2024. This version added three new songs and an acoustic version of Daydream in Blue to the end of the album.

The newfound attention on their music also allowed them to tour Europe for the 20th Anniversary of Neveroddoreven, called the Who Are They Tour. They were joined by two vocalists, Jenny Green and Hannah Hu, with visuals created by Katie Mason.

In June 2024, I Monster confirmed they were working on a new album.

Other musical projects
Honer, alongside DJ Parrot and Jason Buckle, was a founding member of electronic music group The All Seeing I, whose 1998 hit record "The Beat Goes On" was most notably covered by Britney Spears on her debut album ...Baby One More Time. Honer recounts the aftermath of the success as "a flood of work", remixing a lot of songs and even turning a Madonna remix down.

Honer plays in multiple other bands together with long-time collaborator Adam Flanagan, such as The Eccentronic Research Department, The Moonlandingz (together with Lias Kaci Saoudi and Saul Adamczewski of Fat White Family) and The International Teachers of Pop (together with Leonore Wheatley from The Soundcarriers). In 2018, he started a new project with Will Goddard, called Frogman, whose output was exclusively released on cassette tapes. The music was created as a soundtrack to a fictional TV series, featuring spoken word written by Goddard and recorded by HK119, Russell Senior, Richard Speight and Terry O'Connor.

In 2020, Honer formed yet another group, Another New Thing, with Don Himlin and Paul Nagle, releasing their debut album XYZZY in 2021 via Dipped In Gold.

Gosling is also a part of multiple music projects besides I Monster. Cobalt Chapel consists of him (exclusively on organ) and Cecilia Fage, a London based singer and clarinettist. Influences for the acid folk band include horror films Valerie and Her Week of Wonders and The Stepford Wives. They released their selftitled debut in 2017.

Gosling has also released multiple progressive rock albums under the alias of Regal Worm. Regal Worm released their first album Use and Ornament in 2013. Gosling was planning his sophomore effort Klara Till Slutet while still finishing Use and Ornament. "It was going to be a concept album" Gosling told in an interview, but it got scrapped. Some of the songs written for Klara Till Slutet were released as part of Dissecting The Worm and Sausages, two EPs which also came out in 2013. 2015 saw the release of Neither Use Nor Ornament. Pig Views, the final installment of his initial trilogy, came out in 2018. Regal Worm's fourth album The Hideous Goblink was released in 2021. Their sound has been described as a mix of "Canterbury, Psychedelia, Space Rock, Zeuhl and the Rock In Opposition movement". Gosling himself called the Regal Worm output "a continuation of [I Monster], but channeled through a more progressive rock and psychedelic style rather than electronic pop".

Studio albums

 * These Are Our Children (1999)
 * Neveroddoreven (2003)
 * A Dense Swarm of Ancient Stars (2009)
 * People Soup (2013)
 * Bright Sparks (2016)
 * A Dollop Of HP (2017)

EPs

 * Dear John EP (2009)
 * Monsters of the Deep (Inspired by 'The Outlaw Ocean' a book by Ian Urbina) (2021)

Instrumental albums

 * Bright Sparks Instrumental (2016)

Compilation albums

 * Rare (2012)
 * Remixed (2012)
 * Swarf (2013)
 * Neveroddoreven Redux (2024)

Singles

 * "As Long as There Is You and Me" (2006)
 * "Lust for a Vampyr Part 1" (2009)
 * "Lust for a Vampyr Part 22 (2009)
 * "Only A Show" (2010)
 * "A Short Song About Snow" (2021)
 * "The Living Dead" (2022)
 * "The Weather" (2023)
 * "The Desert" (2024)
 * "Won't Give Your Love" (2024)

Production Credits
Production by I Monster, noted if otherwise.

In popular culture
The duo's music has featured in movies such as Shaun of the Dead, Riders (Steal) and Endorphine.

Daydream in Blue featured on the soundtrack of Mr. Robot Season 2 Episode 1 called "eps2.0_unm4sk-pt1.tc".

title: I Monster


text:
Joseph Rainey

Joseph Hayne Rainey (June 21, 1832 – August 1, 1887) was an American politician. He was the first black person to serve in the United States House of Representatives and the second black person (after Hiram Revels) to serve in the United States Congress. His service included time as presiding officer of the House of Representatives.

Born into a family of farmers and planters, Rainey was a member of the Republican Party.

Early life and education
Joseph Hayne Rainey was born in 1832 in Georgetown, South Carolina. His mother Grace was of Indigenous and French descent. His father, Edward Rainey had been allowed by his master to work independently to earn money and develop a successful business as a barber. He paid a portion of his income to his master as required by law. Edward saved a substantial sum, and by the 1840s, he purchased his freedom and that of his wife and two sons. With opportunities for education severely limited for black people, Rainey followed his father into the barber's profession as an adult. It was an independent and well-respected trade that enabled him to build a wide social network in his community.

Personal life
In 1859, Rainey traveled to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he met and married Susan, a free woman of color from the West Indies, who was also of African-French descent. They returned to South Carolina, where their three children were born: Joseph II, Herbert and Olivia.

American Civil War
In 1861, with the outbreak of the American Civil War, Rainey was among the free black people who were conscripted by the Confederates to work on fortifications in Charleston, South Carolina. He also worked as a cook and laborer on blockade runner ships.

In 1862, Rainey and his family escaped to the British Imperial fortress colony of Bermuda, 640 miles off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. They settled in the town of St. George's, Bermuda (from which Charleston and South Carolina had been founded in 1669 under Governor William Sayle). There, Rainey worked as a barber. His shop was accessed from Barber's Alley and was located in the cellar of the "Tucker House", the building on the corner of Water Street and Barber's Alley that had previously been the home of Council President and sometimes acting Governor Henry Tucker of Bermuda. His wife, on the other hand, became a successful dressmaker with her own shop. In 1865, the couple moved to the town of Hamilton, Bermuda, when an outbreak of yellow fever threatened St. George's. Rainey worked at the Hamilton Hotel as a barber and a bartender, where his customers were mostly white. He became a respected member of the community and he and his wife earned a prosperous living in Bermuda. Bermuda, which had maintained close links with the former colonies in the South of the United States since the 17th Century, profited immensely from the war as the major point from which British and European manufactured weapons and supplies were trans-shipped by Confederate blockade runners into Charleston and other Southern ports, and Bermudian seamen, like Thomas Leslie Outerbridge, crewed blockade runners smuggling arms to the blockaded South. Not all Bermudians supported the Confederates, however. Black Bermudian stevedores brawled with Confederate sailors, and cargoes of Confederate cotton were burnt by arsonists on the docks of St. George's. Many black and white Bermudians fought for the Union, mostly in the U.S. Navy. Those who served in the U.S. Army included First Sergeant Robert John Simmons, who served in the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment and died in August 1863 as a result of wounds received in an attack on Fort Wagner, near Charleston, South Carolina, Robert Tappin (who had previously served in the U.S. Navy from 1863 to 1864), John Wilson and Joseph Thomas of the 31st Colored Infantry Regiment, John Thompson of the 26th Colored Infantry, Wate O. Harris, of the 6th Coloured Infantry, and George Smith.

Return to the U.S. and politics
In 1866, following the end of the U.S. Civil War, Rainey and his family returned to South Carolina, where they settled in Charleston. In 1870, 43 percent of the city's population was African American, including many people of color who, like Rainey, had been free and held skilled jobs before the war. His experience and wealth helped establish him as a leader and he quickly became involved in politics, joining the executive committee of the state Republican Party. In 1868, he was a delegate to the state constitutional convention.

In 1870, Rainey was elected to the South Carolina Senate and became chair of the Finance Committee. He served only a short time as that year he won a special election as a Republican to fill a vacancy in the 41st United States Congress. This vacancy had been created when the House refused to seat Benjamin F. Whittemore, the incumbent. He had been censured by the House for corruption but re-elected.

Rainey was seated December 12, 1870 and was re-elected to Congress, serving a total of four terms. Serving until March 3, 1879, he established a record of length of service for a black Congressman that was not surpassed until that of William L. Dawson of Chicago in the 1950s. He supported legislation that became known as the Enforcement Acts, to suppress the violent activities of the Ku Klux Klan. This helped for a time, before white insurgents developed other paramilitary groups in the South, such as the White League and the Red Shirts.

Rainey made three speeches on the floor of Congress in support of what was finally passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1875. In 1873, he said he was not seeking 'social equality' and was content to choose his own circle.

He went on to say, "But we do want a law enacted that we may be recognized like other men in the country. Why is it that colored members of Congress cannot enjoy the same immunities that are accorded to white members? Why cannot we stop at hotels here without meeting objection? Why cannot we go into restaurants without being insulted? We are here enacting laws for the country and casting votes upon important questions; we have been sent here by the suffrages of the people, and why cannot we enjoy the same benefits that are accorded to our white colleagues on this floor?"

With violence against black people increasing in the South, in 1874 Rainey purchased a "summer home" in Windsor, Connecticut. As a U.S. representative from South Carolina, Rainey could not use Windsor as his primary residence, but he moved his family there for their safety. While visiting, he became an active member of the First Church of Windsor. The "Joseph H. Rainey House", a c. 1830 Greek Revival, is located at 299 Palisado Avenue (it is used as a private residence). It was designated as one of 130 stops on the Connecticut Freedom Trail, established in 1996 to highlight the achievements of African Americans in gaining freedom and civil rights.

He also worked to promote the Southern economy. In May 1874, Rainey became the first African American to preside over the House of Representatives as Speaker pro tempore.

In the closing hours of Congress in 1878, Rainey was one of the few sober members present. He acted to ensure the passage of an $18 million civil service appropriation bill that would not have been passed without his firm presence.

Beginning in 1874, paramilitary terrorist groups such as the Red Shirts in North and South Carolina and Louisiana had acted openly as the military arm of the Democratic Party to suppress black voting. In July 1876, six black people were murdered in the Hamburg Massacre and, in October, between 25 and 100 were killed by white paramilitary groups in several days of violence in Ellenton, both in contested Aiken County, South Carolina.

In 1876, Rainey won re-election from the Charleston district against Democratic candidate John Smythe Richardson. Richardson challenged the result as invalid on the grounds of intimidation of Democrats by federal soldiers and black militias guarding the polls, but Rainey retained his seat. The 1876 election was marked by widespread fraud in the state. For instance, votes counted in the upland Edgefield County for the Democratic gubernatorial candidate Wade Hampton III exceeded by 2,000 the total number of registered voters in the county; similar results were counted in Laurens County. That year Democrats ultimately took control of the state government, and the next year the federal government withdrew its troops from the South as part of a national compromise; Reconstruction was ended.

In mid-1878, Rainey warned President Hayes of increasing violence and rhetoric meant to limit the African-American vote in South Carolina.

In 1878, Rainey was defeated in a second contest with Richardson, although black men continued to be elected for numerous local offices through much of the 19th century. White Democrats used their dominance of the state legislature to pass laws for segregation, Jim Crow and making voter registration more difficult, effectively disenfranchising black people. In 1895, they passed a new state constitution, that completed the disenfranchisement of most black people, stripping them of political power and excluding them from the political process for the next several decades into the 1960s.

Later life and death
After leaving the U.S. Congress, Rainey was appointed as a federal agent of the US Treasury Department for internal revenue in South Carolina. He held this position for two years, after which he began a career in private commerce. He worked in brokerage and banking in Washington, DC for five years.

Rainey retired in 1886 and returned to South Carolina. At the age of 55, he contracted malaria and died less than a year later, in August 1887 in Georgetown, the city of his birth.

Legacy
In 2018, the Joseph Rainey Center for Public Policy, a post-partisan, 501(c)3 think-tank was founded by Sarah E. Hunt and Bishop Garrison with the goal of empowering the voices of women, minorities and mavericks in public policy.

title: Joseph Rainey


text:
Alexander Seton

Alexander Seton may refer to:

 * Alexander Seton (Governor of Berwick) (fl. 1311 – 1340)
 * Alexander Seton (d. 1332), nobleman
 * Alexander Seton, Lord Gordon (died 1440)
 * Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline (1555–1622)
 * Alexander Seton, 1st Viscount of Kingston (1620–1691)
 * Alexander Seaton (before 1626 – after 1649, also spelled Seton)
 * Alexander Seton, 3rd Earl of Dunfermline (1642–1677), grandson of the 1st Earl
 * Sir Alexander Seton, 1st Baronet (1639?–1719)
 * Alexander Seton (priest) (died 1797), Archdeacon of Aghadoe

title: Alexander Seton


text:
Onobox

Onobox is a 1992 comprehensive 6-disc collection of Yoko Ono's work from 1968 to 1985. The discs are grouped by era and theme. Disc one centers around the albums Fly and Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band, while Disc two features nearly the entirety of Approximately Infinite Universe in a different running order and most of the tracks remixed exclusively for this boxed set. Disc three features the entire Feeling the Space project, which was originally conceived and recorded as a double album before being edited down, while disc six is the previously unreleased 1974 album A Story, which was later reissued separately with an expanded track listing, along with the rest of Ono's back catalogue.

Discs four and five center on her relationship with her late husband and musician John Lennon, with "Kiss, Kiss, Kiss" highlighting songs from their duet albums Double Fantasy and Milk and Honey, while "No, No, No" focuses on the albums Yoko released in the aftermath of the murder of John Lennon.

Onobox was complemented by an accompanying one-disc "greatest hits" release, entitled Walking on Thin Ice. While the Rykodisc press release for Onobox declared the collection "not as bad as you might think", it also urged the public to "smash your preconceptions". Which, for the most part, they did, finding the box gave "Yoko Ono the avant- garde heroine her due".

Track listing
All songs written by Yoko Ono except "No Bed for Beatle John" written by John Lennon/Yoko Ono.

Many songs were edited or remixed for this compilation. These mixes and edits have not been officially released elsewhere.

Previously unreleased material
Onobox includes 20 previously unreleased songs. Some of these songs have appeared on other Ono releases.

 * The first 9 tracks from Disc 6 were all included on the A Story album when it was released in 1997.
 * "The Path" was included on the 2017 Reissue of Fly.
 * "Warrior Woman", "Potbelly Rocker", "It's Been Very Hard", "Mildred, Mildred" and "Left Turn's the Right Turn" were all included on the 2017 Reissue of Feeling the Space.
 * "There's No Goodbye" was re-recorded for the album Take Me to the Land of Hell.

In addition to this, "Head Play" (a medley of the songs "You", "Airmale" and "Fly" specially made for this boxset) was included on the 2017 Reissue of Fly.

Ultracase edition
A limited edition version of Onobox was released called the "Ultracase" Edition. This version included the entire 6-disc box set along with the accompanying 1-disc Walking on Thin Ice compilation and a sculpture by Yoko called A Key to Open the Universe with a signature by Ono, all packaged in a protective carrying case. This edition was released limited to 350 copies, and a small number of boxes without Onobox but all other items were also made for those who already owned the Onobox set.

title: Onobox


text:
James Seton

James Seton may refer to:

 * Sir James Seton (died 1606), commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland in 1593 and 1596, represented Dumbartonshire (UK Parliament constituency)
 * James Seton (died 1673), commissioner for Stirlingshire between 1665 and 1672
 * James Seton (died 1702), commissioner for Stirlingshire between 1673 and 1686
 * James Seton, 4th Earl of Dunfermline (died 1694), Scottish peer
 * James Alexander Seton (1816–1845), last British person to be killed in a duel on English soil

title: James Seton


text:
App

App, Apps or APP may refer to:

Computing

 * Application software
 * Mobile app, software designed to run on smartphones and other devices

 * Web application or web app, software designed to run inside a web browser
 * App (file format), a file format used by HarmonyOS as an app package
 * Adjusted Peak Performance, a metric to measure computing performance in 64-bit processors and above
 * Application Portability Profile, NIST standards and specifications for the Open System Environment
 * Atom Publishing Protocol, simple HTTP-based protocol for creating and updating web resources

Education

 * Advanced Placement Program, a program offering college-level curriculum and examinations to high school students
 * Appalachian State University, a university in Boone, North Carolina, US
 * Appalachian State Mountaineers, the university's athletic program
 * Assessing Pupils' Progress, an assessment methodology used in schools in England and Wales

Entertainment and media

 * APP (film), a 2013 Dutch film that utilizes second screen technology
 * Apps (film), a 2021 anthology horror fantasy film
 * The App, a 2019 Italian drama
 * Asbury Park Press, a newspaper of Monmouth County, New Jersey, US
 * Associated Press of Pakistan, news agency of Pakistan
 * Archive of Public Protests (Archiwum Protestów Publicznych), a collective of photographers and writers and their work documenting protests in Poland

Medicine

 * Acute-phase protein, a class of proteins whose concentration changes in response to inflammation
 * Advanced practice provider, or mid-level practitioner, a class of healthcare providers
 * Amyloid-beta precursor protein, a protein whose fragments are associated with Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders

Organizations

 * African Prisons Project, a UK-based NGO
 * Alberta Provincial Police, a Canadian police force from 1917 to 1932
 * American Principles Project, a libertarian and conservative political think tank
 * Asia-Pacific Partnership, an international environmental protection alliance
 * Asia Pulp & Paper, a pulp and paper company based in Jakarta, Indonesia
 * Associated Press of Pakistan, a national news agency of Pakistan
 * Association of Pickleball Professionals
 * Association of Professional Piercers, an international organization for body piercing

Politics

 * All People's Party (disambiguation), various political parties
 * Alliance populaire progressiste or People's Progressive Alliance, a party in Mauritania
 * Animal Protection Party, United Kingdom
 * Australian Protectionist Party
 * Austrian People's Party
 * Aggrupation of Parties for Prosperity, a local Philippine party
 * Alliance for the Homeland, a Romanian party
 * American Principles Project, a think-tank
 * Reason Party (Poland) (or Anticlerical Progress Party)

People

 * App (surname)
 * Apps (surname)

Train stations

 * Appleby railway station, England (by GBR code)
 * Appleton, Wisconsin, United States (by Amtrak station code)

Other uses

 * Atactic polypropylene, a hot-melt adhesive
 * Authorized push payment fraud (APP fraud), fraudulent diversion of funds
 * App, a slang term for "appetizer"

title: App