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Bupivacaine

Bupivacaine, marketed under the brand name Marcaine among others, is a medication used to decrease sensation in a specific small area. In nerve blocks, it is injected around a nerve that supplies the area, or into the spinal canal's epidural space. It is available mixed with a small amount of epinephrine to increase the duration of its action. It typically begins working within 15 minutes and lasts for 2 to 8 hours.

Possible side effects include sleepiness, muscle twitching, ringing in the ears, changes in vision, low blood pressure, and an irregular heart rate. Concerns exist that injecting it into a joint can cause problems with the cartilage. Concentrated bupivacaine is not recommended for epidural freezing. Epidural freezing may also increase the length of labor. It is a local anaesthetic of the amide group.

Bupivacaine was discovered in 1957. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Bupivacaine is available as a generic medication. An implantable formulation of bupivacaine (Xaracoll) was approved for medical use in the United States in August 2020.

Medical uses
Bupivacaine is indicated for local infiltration, peripheral nerve block, sympathetic nerve block, and epidural and caudal blocks. It is sometimes used in combination with epinephrine to prevent systemic absorption and extend the duration of action. The 0.75% (most concentrated) formulation is used in retrobulbar block. It is the most commonly used local anesthetic in epidural anesthesia during labor, as well as in postoperative pain management. Liposomal formulations of bupivacaine (brand name EXPAREL) have not shown clinical benefit compared to plain bupivacaine when used in traditional perineural injections, although some industry-funded studies have suggested benefits when used in local infiltration.

The fixed-dose combination of bupivacaine with Type I collagen (brand name Xaracoll) is indicated for acute postsurgical analgesia (pain relief) for up to 24 hours in adults following open inguinal hernia repair.

Bupivacaine (Posimir) is indicated in adults for administration into the subacromial space under direct arthroscopic visualization to produce post-surgical analgesia for up to 72 hours following arthroscopic subacromial decompression.

Contraindications
Bupivacaine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity reactions to bupivacaine or amino-amide anesthetics. It is also contraindicated in obstetrical paracervical blocks and intravenous regional anaesthesia (Bier block) because of potential risk of tourniquet failure and systemic absorption of the drug and subsequent cardiac arrest. The 0.75% formulation is contraindicated in epidural anesthesia during labor because of the association with refractory cardiac arrest.

Adverse effects
Compared to other local anaesthetics, bupivacaine is markedly cardiotoxic. However, adverse drug reactions are rare when it is administered correctly. Most reactions are caused by accelerated absorption from the injection site, unintentional intravascular injection, or slow metabolic degradation. However, allergic reactions can rarely occur.

Clinically significant adverse events result from systemic absorption of bupivacaine and primarily involve the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. Effects on the central nervous system typically occur at lower blood plasma concentrations. Initially, cortical inhibitory pathways are selectively inhibited, causing symptoms of neuronal excitation. At higher plasma concentrations, both inhibitory and excitatory pathways are inhibited, causing central nervous system depression and potentially coma. Higher plasma concentrations also lead to cardiovascular effects, though cardiovascular collapse may also occur with low concentrations. Adverse effects on the central nervous system may indicate impending cardiotoxicity and should be carefully monitored.

 * Central nervous system: circumoral numbness, facial tingling, vertigo, tinnitus, restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, seizure, coma
 * Cardiovascular: hypotension, arrhythmia, bradycardia, heart block, cardiac arrest

Toxicity can also occur in the setting of subarachnoid injection during high spinal anesthesia. These effects include: paresthesia, paralysis, apnea, hypoventilation, fecal incontinence, and urinary incontinence. Additionally, bupivacaine can cause chondrolysis after continuous infusion into a joint space.

Bupivacaine has caused several deaths when the epidural anaesthetic has been administered intravenously accidentally.

Treatment of overdose
Animal evidence indicates intralipid, a commonly available intravenous lipid emulsion, can be effective in treating severe cardiotoxicity secondary to local anaesthetic overdose, and human case reports of successful use in this way. Plans to publicize this treatment more widely have been published.

Pregnancy and lactation
Bupivacaine crosses the placenta and is a pregnancy category C drug. However, it is approved for use at term in obstetrical anesthesia. Bupivacaine is excreted in breast milk. Risks of stopping breast feeding versus stopping bupivacaine should be discussed with the patient.

Postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis
Bupivacaine is toxic to cartilage and its intra-articular infusions may lead to postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis.

Pharmacodynamics
Bupivacaine binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels and blocks sodium influx into nerve cells, which prevents depolarization. Without depolarization, no initiation or conduction of a pain signal can occur.

Pharmacokinetics
The rate of systemic absorption of bupivacaine and other local anesthetics is dependent upon the dose and concentration of drug administered, the route of administration, the vascularity of the administration site, and the presence or absence of epinephrine in the preparation.
 * Onset of action (route and dose-dependent): 1–17 min
 * Duration of action (route and dose-dependent): 2–9 hr
 * Half life: neonates, 8.1 hr, adults: 2.7 hr
 * Time to peak plasma concentration (for peripheral, epidural, or caudal block): 30–45 min
 * Protein binding: about 95%
 * Metabolism: hepatic
 * Excretion: renal (6% unchanged)

Chemical structure
Like lidocaine, bupivacaine is an amino-amide anesthetic; the aromatic head and the hydrocarbon chain are linked by an amide bond rather than an ester as in earlier local anesthetics. As a result, the amino-amide anesthetics are more stable and less likely to cause allergic reactions. Unlike lidocaine, the terminal amino portion of bupivacaine (as well as mepivacaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine) is contained within a piperidine ring; these agents are known as pipecholyl xylidines.

Legal status
On 17 September 2020, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Exparel, intended for the treatment of post-operative pain. The applicant for this medicinal product is Pacira Ireland Limited. Exparel liposomal was approved for medical use in the European Union in November 2020.

Economics
Bupivacaine is available as a generic medication.

Research
Levobupivacaine is the (S)-(–)-enantiomer of bupivacaine, with a longer duration of action, producing less vasodilation. Durect Corporation is developing a biodegradable, controlled-release drug delivery system for after surgery. As of 2010, it has completed a phase-III clinical trial.

title: Bupivacaine


text:
Madingley

Madingley is a small village near Cambridge, England. It is located close to the nearby villages of Coton and Dry Drayton on the western outskirts of Cambridge. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 210. The village was known as Madingelei in the Domesday Book of 1086, a name meaning "Woodland clearing of the family or followers of a man called Mada". Madingley is well known for its 16th-century manor house, Madingley Hall, which is owned by the University of Cambridge.

Madingley Hall
The village is home to Madingley Hall, which was built by Sir John Hynde in 1543 and occupied as a residence by his descendants until the 1860s. It is surrounded by parkland. Queen Victoria rented the Hall in 1860 for her son Edward (the future King Edward VII) to live in while he was an undergraduate at the University of Cambridge. The family sold the Hall in 1871 to Henry Hurrell.

It was then sold to Colonel T. Walter Harding in 1905. In 1927, he died and left it to his only son, the zoologist Ambrose Harding, who moved there with his wife and adult children. His daughter Rosamond Harding, notable musicologist and music historian, lived there for 20 years until her late father's trust sold it to the university.

University of Cambridge
The Madingley Hall estate, including its surrounding park and farmland have been owned by the University of Cambridge since 1948, and still is today. It is now the official home of their Institute of Continuing Education. In addition to its extensive English gardens, the Madingley Hall estate includes 1150 acres of countryside which are maintained by the university.

Cambridge American Cemetery and Memorial
The Cambridge American Cemetery and Memorial is a major military cemetery and memorial for American servicemen, dedicated in 1956. It is situated on the southern edge of the parish of Madingley and close to the city of Cambridge.

3,811 American military dead from World War II are buried in the cemetery. In addition, the names of 5,127 are inscribed on the Wall of the Missing, Americans who lost their lives but whose remains were never recovered or identified. Most of these died in the years-long Battle of the Atlantic or in the strategic air bombardment of Northwest Europe. The entire 30½ acres used for the American Cemetery and Memorial were donated to the United States government by the University of Cambridge following World War II.

Village life
The village's former public house, The Three Horseshoes, is now a restaurant though it still has a bar that serves beer. The village has an independent pre-preparatory school which caters for reception to year-two students. There is also a village church, where services are held weekly. The church has a 12th-century canonical sundial on the south wall.

The village has two cricket teams, both playing in the Cambridgeshire Cricket Association leagues and one cricket team playing in the Cambridge Business House Midweek League.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Madingley


text:
User talk:Chubiness

Hello world

title: User talk:Chubiness


text:
Expedition (book)

Expedition: Being an Account in Words and Artwork of the 2358 A.D. Voyage to Darwin IV is a 1990 speculative evolution and science fiction book written and illustrated by the American artist and writer Wayne Barlowe. Written as a first-person account of a 24th-century crewed expedition to the fictional exoplanet of Darwin IV, Expedition describes and discusses an imaginary extraterrestrial ecosystem as if it were real.

The extraterrestrial or alien organisms of Darwin IV were designed to be "truly alien", with Barlowe having grown dissatisfied with the common science fiction trope of alien life being similar to life on Earth, especially the notion of intelligent alien humanoids. None of Darwin IV's wildlife have eyes, external ears, hair, or jaws, and they bear little resemblance to Earthlings. Various sources of inspiration were used for the creature designs, including dinosaurs, modern beasts and different types of vehicles.

Expedition garnered very favorable reviews, being praised particularly for its many illustrations and for the level of detail in the text, which serves to maintain the illusion of realism. Several reviewers also criticized the life forms, finding some of them to be implausible or doubting that Darwin IV could actually function as an ecosystem. In 2005, Expedition was adapted into a TV special for the Discovery Channel titled Alien Planet. Barlowe served as the design consultant and one of the executive producers of the adaptation.

Premise
Expedition is written as though it is published in the year 2366, five years after Barlowe partook in a crewed expedition to the planet Darwin IV. In the 24th century, the exploitation of the Earth's ecosystem has created an environment so toxic that mass extinctions have wiped out nearly most of its nonhuman animal population. Most of the remaining fauna, with the exception of humans themselves, have suffered horrible mutations and can only be found in zoos. Aided by a benevolent and technologically superior alien race, the Yma, humanity begins to repair their ravaged world while simultaneously learning more about the universe around them. When an uncrewed Yma probe discovers evidence of alien life on Darwin IV, the titular "expedition" is sent to investigate.

Barlowe presents his findings in a collection of paintings, sketches, field notes, and diary entries from his explorations of Darwin IV. He details a variety of alien lifeforms such as "Gyrosprinters", "Arrowtongues", "Grovebacks", "Daggerwrists", "Skewers", "Emperor Sea Striders", and "Eosapiens". Unlike the creatures presented in much of popular science fiction, which often seem to be variations of terrestrial lifeforms, Barlowe's animals are truly alien; none of them possess eyes or true jaws, their body structures are often unlike any found on Earth, and they have unique modes of locomotion, sensing, and eating. Very late in the expedition, the explorer encounters lifeforms which use tools (the Eosapiens), giving a very strong indication they are intelligent.

A conservationist theme is present throughout the book. The expedition is designed to have as minimal an impact as possible on Darwin IV's environment. When two of the expedition's members suffer a fatal accident, Yma technology is used to remove all traces of the accident from Darwin IV's environment. At the conclusion of the expedition, Darwin IV is left in the same pristine state it was in prior to the expedition, with the exception of a metal obelisk placed in a remote area by the Yma.

Development
According to Barlowe, the book was partly inspired by the books on prehistoric life published by paleontologist Josef Augusta and paleoartist Zdeněk Burian. Barlowe is the son of two natural history illustrators, and viewed Expedition as a way to continue in their tradition, but also doing it in his way. The first painting completed for the book was that of the 'Rayback' a 'liquivorous' predator. At the time, the painting was just an "alien wildlife painting", with Barlowe not yet having decided to write an entire book. It was only with the second painting, which depicted the 'Daggerwrist', that the idea of the project took form. With the 'Daggerwrist' painting, Barlowe decided on the ground rule that none of the creatures were to have eyes, hair or external ears.

Barlowe used various sources of inspiration to come up with the creatures of Darwin IV. The 'Arrowtongue', a large predator, was inspired by the dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex. In some cases, features of several different Earth animals were combined to create something otherwordly: the 'Sac-back' took inspiration from hornbills, camels and cuttlefish. In other cases, the inspirations were not even biological: the flying predatory 'Skewers' were inspired by airplanes and the 'Emperor Sea Strider' was inspired by ships at sea. The 'Eosapiens', the most intelligent and sophisticated of Darwin IV's creatures (roughly on the level of australopithecines) were deliberately designed to be as non-human as possible, due to Barlowe disliking the trope of intelligent aliens in science fiction being humanoids. Expedition took nearly five years to write and illustrate.

Reception
A review in Publishers Weekly stated that the book had an "abundance of lavish full-color illustrations and detailed black-and-white sketches" and that the many details mentioned in the book, such as information on the planet of Darwin IV itself, and the intricate details on the behavior of the various creatures, "help maintain the illusion of realism and immediacy such a first person narrative demands". In his 2005 review in The Space Review of Alien Planet, a 2005 TV special based on Expedition, space historian Dwayne A. Day described Expedition as "highly regarded".

The book was nominated for the 1991 Chesley Award for Artistic Achievement. Also in 1991, Expedition was named the 'Best Book for Teenagers' by the New York Public Library. A portion of the book, "Sea Strider Skull and Littoralope" was reprinted by the American Littoral Society in 1996.

A review in The Vindicator described Expedition as a "lavish science-fiction bestiary", but stated that the "weird creatures lack the necessary aura of plausibility". This review was not the only one that found some of the creatures implausible. In his 2005 review of Alien Planet, which featured the same lifeforms, Dwayne A. Day stated that "the animals are bizarre and frequently border on the implausible" and that "they do not appear to have been developed with a single biological theory in mind". Day however also noted that they are thought-provoking and that their strangeness is a good departure from the typical science fiction approach of making alien life look much like Earth life (such as using humanoid aliens). According to Day, the life of Darwin IV "makes the point that alien life, if it is detected, will challenge our abilities to understand and even comprehend it". A review of Alien Planet in the Washington Post noted that "a few too many of the creatures seem like cartoonish monsters". The Publishers Weekly review also pointed out the bizarre nature of some of the creatures, stating that "while superbly executed, Barlowe's visualization of an alien world falls short imaginatively and is naturalistically unconvincing. Many animals look like dinosaurs designed by a committee and discerning readers will suspect that Darwin IV wouldn't work as an ecological system, no matter how alien".

Possible sequel
Barlowe has hinted that he at some point intends to return to do something similar to Expedition again. In the 1995 artbook The Alien Life of Wayne Barlowe, he wrote, concerning a painting of a marine alien lifeform, that "in the future, I may further explore the oceans of some distant world". In The Alien Life of Wayne Barlowe, Barlowe also included a section on a joint speculative evolution/science fiction project between Barlowe and visual effects supervisor Phil Tippett, concerning another fictional planet with life, called 'Belon 3'. Though nothing has yet materialized, both the marine alien painting and a painting of Belon 3 are included on the Expedition section of Barlowe's website under the heading "Expedition II . . . . . . ?".

Adaptation
In 2005, Expedition was adapted into the television special Alien Planet, which first aired on the Discovery Channel on 14 May 2005. Barlowe served as the executive producer and design consultant of the adaptation. The lifeforms in Alien Planet are for the most part faithful to their depictions in the book; however, the expedition is conducted by sophisticated robotic flying machines instead of humans.

title: Expedition (book)


text: Category:Subdivisions of Brazil

title: Category:Subdivisions of Brazil


text:
Utility computing

Utility computing, or computer utility, is a service provisioning model in which a service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customer as needed, and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate. Like other types of on-demand computing (such as grid computing), the utility model seeks to maximize the efficient use of resources and/or minimize associated costs. Utility is the packaging of system resources, such as computation, storage and services, as a metered service. This model has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire computer resources; instead, resources are essentially rented.

This repackaging of computing services became the foundation of the shift to "on demand" computing, software as a service and cloud computing models that further propagated the idea of computing, application and network as a service.

There was some initial skepticism about such a significant shift. However, the new model of computing caught on and eventually became mainstream.

IBM, HP and Microsoft were early leaders in the new field of utility computing, with their business units and researchers working on the architecture, payment and development challenges of the new computing model. Google, Amazon and others started to take the lead in 2008, as they established their own utility services for computing, storage and applications.

Utility computing can support grid computing which has the characteristic of very large computations or sudden peaks in demand which are supported via a large number of computers.

"Utility computing" has usually envisioned some form of virtualization so that the amount of storage or computing power available is considerably larger than that of a single time-sharing computer. Multiple servers are used on the "back end" to make this possible. These might be a dedicated computer cluster specifically built for the purpose of being rented out, or even an under-utilized supercomputer. The technique of running a single calculation on multiple computers is known as distributed computing.

The term "grid computing" is often used to describe a particular form of distributed computing, where the supporting nodes are geographically distributed or cross administrative domains. To provide utility computing services, a company can "bundle" the resources of members of the public for sale, who might be paid with a portion of the revenue from clients.

One model, common among volunteer computing applications, is for a central server to dispense tasks to participating nodes, on the behest of approved end-users (in the commercial case, the paying customers). Another model, sometimes called the virtual organization (VO), is more decentralized, with organizations buying and selling computing resources as needed or as they go idle.

The definition of "utility computing" is sometimes extended to specialized tasks, such as web services.

History
Utility computing merely means "Pay and Use", with regards to computing power. Utility computing is not a new concept, but rather has quite a long history. Among the earliest references is: If computers of the kind I have advocated become the computers of the future, then computing may someday be organized as a public utility just as the telephone system is a public utility... The computer utility could become the basis of a new and important industry.

IBM and other mainframe providers conducted this kind of business in the following two decades, often referred to as time-sharing, offering computing power and database storage to banks and other large organizations from their worldwide data centers. To facilitate this business model, mainframe operating systems evolved to include process control facilities, security, and user metering. The advent of mini computers changed this business model, by making computers affordable to almost all companies. As Intel and AMD increased the power of PC architecture servers with each new generation of processor, data centers became filled with thousands of servers.

In the late 1990s utility computing re-surfaced. InsynQ, Inc. launched [on-demand] applications and desktop hosting services in 1997 using HP equipment. In 1998, HP set up the Utility Computing Division in Mountain View, CA, assigning former Bell Labs computer scientists to begin work on a computing power plant, incorporating multiple utilities to form a software stack. Services such as "IP billing-on-tap" were marketed. HP introduced the Utility Data Center in 2001. Sun announced the Sun Cloud service to consumers in 2000. In December 2005, Alexa launched Alexa Web Search Platform, a Web search building tool for which the underlying power is utility computing. Alexa charges users for storage, utilization, etc. There is space in the market for specific industries and applications as well as other niche applications powered by utility computing. For example, PolyServe Inc. offers a clustered file system based on commodity server and storage hardware that creates highly available utility computing environments for mission-critical applications including Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server databases, as well as workload optimized solutions specifically tuned for bulk storage, high-performance computing, vertical industries such as financial services, seismic processing, and content serving. The Database Utility and File Serving Utility enable IT organizations to independently add servers or storage as needed, retask workloads to different hardware, and maintain the environment without disruption.

In spring 2006 3tera announced its AppLogic service and later that summer Amazon launched Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud). These services allow the operation of general purpose computing applications. Both are based on Xen virtualization software and the most commonly used operating system on the virtual computers is Linux, though Windows and Solaris are supported. Common uses include web application, SaaS, image rendering and processing but also general-purpose business applications.

title: Utility computing


text:
Alex Kurtagić

Alex Kurtagić (born 1970) is a British artist, musician, novelist, and publisher. He is the founder of Supernal Music, an independent metal label, and various publishing houses. Between 2009 and 2013 he was a far-right speaker and writer, but in 2019, he stated that he had disengaged from political extremism.

Life
Kurtagić was born in 1970 to family of Spanish and Slovenian ancestry. Due to his parents' jobs, he spent part of his youth in South America. In 1995, he founded the Black Metal music project Benighted Leams, which has since released four albums between 1996 and 2006. In 1996, he founded Supernal Music.

During the mid-to-late 1990s, his illustrations appeared on albums by black metal artists, such as Dimmu Borgir, Deinonychus, and Tormentor, among others. His cover of Dimmu Borgir's Stormblåst is featured in the book Heavy Metal Thunder: Album Covers That Rocked the World.

Writer
Kurtagić's dystopian novel, Mister, was published in 2009. From then until 2013, he was active as a far-right intellectual figure. In 2011, a collection of articles and essays was published in book form by Unitall Verlag in German translation, with the title Ja, Afrika muss zur Hölle gehen. A second collection, also in German, was published by Antaios in 2013 as Warum Konservative immer verlieren.

In 2019, a book collecting his artwork was published, containing also anecdotal, fictional, semi-fictional, and satirical texts. In the preface, he distanced himself from political extremism.

A second novel, Angel, was published in 2022.

Supernal Music
Supernal Music offered a mail order catalogue of underground music throughout the late 1990s, particularly extreme metal and black metal. Its later roster included bands such as Astrofaes and Drudkh from Ukraine, Fleurety and Mayhem from Norway, and The Meads of Asphodel from the United Kingdom.

Benighted Leams

 * Caliginous Romantic Myth (1996)
 * Astral Tenebrion (1998)
 * Ferly Centesms (2004)
 * Obombrid Welkins (2006)

Translations

 * The Golden Tread by Miguel Serrano. The Palingenesis Project, 2017.
 * The Veil Lifted for the Curious, or the Secrets of the French Revolution Revealed with the Aid of Freemasonry by Jacques-François Lefranc. Spradabach Publishing, 2022.

title: Alex Kurtagić


text:
Apios priceana

Apios priceana is a rare species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names Price's potato-bean, Price's groundnut, and traveler's delight. It is a climbing yellow-green vine in the growing from a stout, potato-like tuber. The plant is native to the Southeastern United States.

Description
The vines may be up to 3 to 5 m long. It has a large underground tuber, distinguishing it from other Apios species. The leaves are alternately arranged on the stem, about 20 - 30 cm long, and comprising seven leaflets. The fragrant pale pink or greenish-yellow pea-like flowers bloom in the summer. The fruit is a long slender pod about 10 to 15 cm long.

Distribution and habitat
The plant is native to the U.S. states of Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, and Tennessee. It occurred in Illinois in the past but its population there was destroyed. It is usually associated with openings in the forest canopy in mixed hardwood stands where ravine slopes grade into creek or stream bottoms.

Ecology
The flowers are pollinated by bees and the long-tailed skipper (Urbanus proteus).

The threatened status of the species is primarily due to habitat destruction, but other impacts such as disease, predation, and historical tuber collection have also contributed.

Conservation
With about 50 to 100 known occurrences, the plant is federally listed as a threatened species.

Uses
The plant was probably used as a food source by Indigenous peoples of the Americas and early white settlers.

title: Apios priceana


text:
User:Vijaypawnarkar

Test is a test

title: User:Vijaypawnarkar


text:
Dick, Kerr Ladies F.C.

Dick, Kerr Ladies Football Club was one of the earliest known women's association football teams in England. The team remained in existence for over 48 years, from 1917 to 1965, playing 755 games, winning 682, drawing 39, and losing 34.

During its early years, matches played for charity attracted anywhere from 4,000 to over 50,000 spectators per game. In 1920, Dick, Kerr Ladies defeated a French side 2–0 in front of 25,000 people, a match that went down in history as the first international women's association football game. The team faced strong opposition by The Football Association (FA), who banned the women from using fields and stadiums controlled by FA-affiliated clubs for 50 years (the rule was repealed in 1971).

Origins
Dick, Kerr Ladies F.C. was founded in Preston, Lancashire, England as a World War I-era works team for the company Dick, Kerr & Co. They played in charity fixtures against similar teams around the country and raised money for injured servicemen during and after the war.

The women on the team had joined the company in 1914 to produce ammunition for the war. Although women had initially been discouraged from playing football, it was believed that such organised sporting activity would be good for morale in wartime factories and would aid production, so competitive sport was encouraged.

During a period of low production at the factory in October 1917, women workers joined the apprentices in the factory yard for informal football matches during their tea and lunch breaks. After beating the men of the factory in an informal game, the women of Dick, Kerr formed a team, under the management of office worker, Alfred Frankland.

The Daily Post wrote, "Dick, Kerr were not long in showing that they suffered less than their opponents from stage fright, and they had a better all-round understanding of the game. Their forward work, indeed, was often surprisingly good, one or two of the ladies showing quite admirable ball control." Players were paid 10 shillings a game by Dick, Kerr & Co. to cover their expenses.

The matches drew strong crowds from the beginning; Dick, Kerr beat Arundel Coulthard Factory 4–0 in front of a crowd of 10,000 on Christmas Day 1917 at Deepdale.

International charity matches begin (1920)
The team played the first women's international in 1920 against France. The French team was composed of players from several Parisian football clubs and led by the great patron of women's sport in France, Alice Milliat.

Dick, Kerr played a total of four games in the UK the same year. The first match was played at Deepdale, where the squad won 2–0. The second match at Stockport was won by the Dick, Kerr Ladies 5–2, followed by the third game in Manchester which drew 1–1. The final was won by the French at Stamford Bridge in London with a score of 2–1.

The Dick, Kerr Ladies went on to tour in France where they played in Paris, Roubaix, Le Havre and finally Rouen, drawing the first three and winning the final game.

The French tour generated tremendous publicity. Boxing Day of 1920 [Dick, Kerr Ladies 4–0 St Helens Ladies|their match against St Helens Ladies]] at Goodison Park, Liverpool put on to raise money for the Unemployed Ex Servicemens Distress Fund drew a crowd of 53,000 spectators, a world record for women's club matches that lasted for over 98 years. The team were featured regularly in the Pathé newsreels of the day and players like Lily Parr and Alice Woods became an appealing draw at British football grounds.

Dick, Kerr Ladies F.C. played against Huddersfield Atalanta Ladies F.C. at Hillsborough, Sheffield, on 6 May 1921; a programme for the match survives.

FA ban (1921)
The Football Association banned women's football at its members grounds on 5 December 1921. The FA claimed that that football was unsuitable for females and that charitable donations were being misappropriated.

The resolution passed by the FA's Consultative Committee read:

"5. Women's Football Matches. The following Resolution was adopted: Complaints having been made as to football being played by women, Council felt impelled to express the strong opinion that the game of football is quite unsuitable for females and should not be encouraged. Complaints have also been made as to the conditions under which some of the matches have been arranged and played, and the appropriation of receipts to other than charitable objects. The Council are further of the opinion that an excessive proportion of the receipts are absorbed in expenses and an inadequate percentage devoted to charitable objects. For these reasons the Council requests the Clubs belonging to the Association refuse the use of their grounds for such matches."

The FA ban stayed in place for fifty years – finally being rescinded in 1971 – and ultimately became a major setback for the women's game in England. The grounds that were under the FA's governance were the only ones that held enough capacity to meet the demand of the women's games in the early 1920s. Because of the ban, women's games were relegated to smaller capacity fields with less resources and exposure. The FA finally recognised women's football in July 1971, 50 years after they had banned the game and six years after the team folded. The later Preston North End W.F.C., now Fylde Ladies, is unrelated to this team.

The women's game in England was left on its own until 1993 when the FA took over its administration and funding.

American tour (1922)
Despite the FA ban, the team continued to play on non-FA grounds. In late 1922, the team travelled abroad for a tour of Canada and the United States. Upon their arrival, Canada's Dominion Football Association prevented the team from playing anywhere in the country. The Washington Post reported on 23 September 1922, "The Dick, Kerr's team of English women soccer football players arrived today on the steamship Montclare en route to the United States where they will play a series of games. The girls will not be allowed to play Canadian soccer teams under order from the Dominion Football Association which objects to women football players. The team's first game will be at Patterson, N.J., on September 24th." The team played nine U.S.-based men's teams before crowds ranging from four to ten thousand spectators. Some of the opposing teams included immigrants who had previously played in the British football league, plus at least one American who would go on to represent the U.S. at the 1930 World Cup finals. Dick, Kerr Ladies acquitted themselves well, winning three games, drawing three, and losing three. They proved tough opponents. "I played against them in 1922," recalled Paterson goalkeeper Peter Renzulli. "We were national champions and we had a hell of a job beating them."

The Fall River Evening Herald in Fall River, Massachusetts, described the match there as "one of the biggest things in soccer ever to have visited the United States." Newspapers often described the team as "showing great stamina, clever combination of play, and considerable speed."

"World Champions"
In September 1923 they played a match against the leading Scottish side Rutherglen Ladies (led by James H. Kelly and based in Rutherglen near Glasgow) at Shawfield Park; Dick, Kerr Ladies had the unusual experience of a defeat, the Scottish team winning 2–0. Kelly declared his team "World Champions" following the match. It is speculated that the defeat prevented any rematch as Kerr's team were expected to win their matches. The title of "World Champions" was still used in Dick Kerr's advertising and in 1925 Kerr's team was claiming to be World Champions from 1917 to 1925.

Colours
The team's club colours were black and white striped jerseys with a small Union Jack on the left breast and blue shorts. Their England colours were white jerseys and blue shorts. The women also wore striped hats to cover their hair.

Preston Ladies F.C. (1926–1965)
In 1926, Alfred Frankland had a falling-out with the Dick, Kerr Ladies ownership. The team's name changed to "Preston Ladies F.C." and carried on playing until 1965. Despite having to play in more obscure locations due to the FA ban, the team saw an average of 5,000 spectators at their matches throughout the 1930s. In 1937, the team played against Scottish women champions, the Edinburgh Ladies, and won 5–1, earning the "unofficial" title of world champions for the first time.

The side defeated a team from Paris 4–0 in 1954 with Bill Shankly as referee. The winners were presented with a cup afterwards.

Nation on Film – Women's Football
The story of the Dick, Kerr Ladies F.C was featured in the BBC's Nation on Film – Women's Football in 2005, which featured archive film footage of the team in action shot by professionals and amateurs.

When Football Banned Women
Dick, Kerr Ladies' history was revisited in When Football Banned Women, a documentary presented by Clare Balding and broadcast on Channel 4 in 2017: the programme featured archive footage and still photographs as well as historians discussing the club and analysing the reaction of the football authorities to the women's game.

Our Girls Our Game
Our Girls Our Game is a play based on the story of Dick, Kerr Ladies F.C., written by Victoria Saxton and directed by Charlotte Westenra for British Youth Musical Theatre in 2021.

Famous and Forgotten
Famous and Forgotten is a play based on the story of Dick, Kerr Ladies F.C., written by playwright Andrew Colley. In 2004 the play won the 'Naked Talent' playwriting competition at the Mercury Theatre, Colchester, and it has been widely performed by amateur and professional groups in the UK and abroad. It was performed at the college at Braintree in 2011.

Unfit for Females
The story of the Dick, Kerr Ladies, set against the backdrop of the impact of the Suffragette movement and The Great War, has provided the inspiration for a play called Unfit for Females, produced by London theatre company Bold Over Theatre. The show ran from 24 March to 13 April 2014 at Riverside Studios, Hammersmith, before embarking on a national tour.

No Man's Land
No Man's Land by Stephanie Alice McKervill was produced by Ribcaged Productions in 2014. It tells the story of the Dick, Kerr Ladies' rise and their treatment both during and after the Great War. It toured Lancashire, including the Grand Clitheroe, Blackburn Empire and Lowther Pavilion, Lytham, in 2014.

Not a Game for Girls
Not a Game for Girls, a play written by Benjamin Peel, was first performed by Matthew Wignall's Off the Rock Productions company at Friargate Theatre, York, in June 2017, directed by Alison Young. Using a mixture of real, composite and fictional characters, it begins with the team's formation in 1917 and ends with the 1921 ban. The production illustrates the social changes during and after the Great War, as well as the effect of the conflict on men.

Quite Unfit For Females
'Quite Unfit For Females' was performed by About Time Dance Company as part of the 2021 Lancashire Encounter Festival. The piece was performed in their home city of Preston at the site of its flag market. The piece used dance to tell their story from inception, through FA ban and beyond.

title: Dick, Kerr Ladies F.C.


text:
Barry Mason

John Barry Mason (12 July 1935 – 16 April 2021) was an English singer and songwriter. A leading songwriter of the 1960s, he wrote the bulk of his most successful songs in partnership with Les Reed. Mason gained many gold and platinum awards for his work including five Ivor Novello Awards, the most recent of them in 1998.

Life and career
Mason was born in Wigan, eldest son of Phyllis née Hart, and journalist, Cecil Mason, who died when Barry was nine. He had a younger brother, and two half-sisters by his mother's second husband, an American GI He grew up in the village of Coppull, near Chorley in Lancashire and attended Baines Grammar School in Poulton-Le-Fylde. His songwriting credits included three UK Singles Chart number ones, "Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)", "The Last Waltz", and "I Pretend", as well as "Here It Comes Again", "There Goes My First Love", "A Man Without Love", "Winter World of Love" "Now That You are Gone", "Rowbottom Square", "Delilah", "Love Is All", and "You Just Might See Me Cry".

His songs have been recorded by Tom Jones, Dalida, P. J. Proby, David Essex, The Drifters, Rod Stewart, Petula Clark, Perry Como, Elvis Presley, Engelbert Humperdinck, The Fortunes, Charles Aznavour, Tony Christie, Connie Francis, Mireille Mathieu, Barbra Streisand, The Dave Clark Five, Cliff Portwood, Malcolm Roberts and Our Kid.

Mason credited his start in songwriting to his first hit in 1960 as a producer. "I met this boy called Tommy Bruce and I spent my last few pounds making a demo of him singing an old Fats Waller song, Ain't Misbehavin' – and he had a hit (No.3, UK, 1960). Suddenly, I was his manager, not knowing anything about the business. But the important thing was, I was in the business." Mason and Reed wrote a song for Kathy Kirby, "I'll Try Not to Cry", as part of A Song for Europe 1965, the BBC's contest to choose the United Kingdom entry for that year's Eurovision Song Contest in Naples. The song was beaten by "I Belong". "The Last Waltz" became a million-selling UK number one for Humperdinck in September 1967. In 1968, the duo scored another UK number 1 hit with Des O'Connor's recording of "I Pretend". Mason and Reed also wrote "Who's Doctor Who", a novelty song recorded by Doctor Who star Frazer Hines in 1967, but it failed to chart. They also wrote "Marching on Together" (aka "Leeds! Leeds! Leeds!"), the anthem of Leeds United F.C. His last chart topping song was "Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes), for session group, Edison Lighthouse, in January 1970.

Mason enjoyed singing his catalogue of hits and in the early 70s often took a working vacation to Malta playing at various venues accompanied by his small band including pianist Norman Hale (The Tornados) and drummer Jon Werrell (The Mojos)

He was the major songwriter for the English singer Declan Galbraith for his first album Declan (2002), including the hit "Tell Me Why" (No. 29 in UK ) and "Till the Day We Meet Again".

He founded his own publishing company, Barry Mason Enterprises Ltd.

Mason was a frequent guest on the BBC1 panel game Pop Quiz, hosted by Mike Read.

He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2020 Birthday Honours for services to music.

Personal life
Barry Mason had two daughters and a son. He died in April 2021.

Albums

 * The Songwriter (1976), Magnet
 * The Singer and the Songs (1978), Magnet

title: Barry Mason


text:
Raspletin (crater)

Raspletin is a lunar impact crater that is located along the southeastern inner edge of the much larger walled plain Gagarin, on the far side of the Moon.

The southeastern inner wall of Raspletin has merged with the edge of Gagarin's rim, giving it the appearance of a much wider face along that side. The remainder of the rim is somewhat polygonal in outline, with straight faces to the north and west. The edge is eroded, with some small craters along the southern rim. A small crater is attached to the southern outer rim where Raspletin joins Gagarin's inner face.

The interior floor is irregular in the southeastern half, and more level to the northwest. At the midpoint is a merged pair of small crater rims that appear worn and rounded. There is a small crater along the edge of the inner wall to the northeast and another along the southwest inner side.

title: Raspletin (crater)


text:
Talk:La Légende des siècles

Cleanup
Needs a lot more than this! A curate's egg 20:23, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

-

Translation?
perhaps a translation of the title into English, as this is the English Wiki page... This seems to be a common problem on pages of French works--another example are the works of Balzac. It feels a bit pretentious and presumptuous, to me at least... Alex8541 (talk) 04:24, 19 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Article titles try to follow what the majority of English-language sources use: Boule de Suif versus Exit the King. See WP:NC-BK and WP:EN. Xanthoxyl  < 21:59, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

There needs to be some translation of the titles of the individual poems, rather than the collection itself -- it would hugely helpful to understanding the scope of the work. Korossyl (talk) 14:31, 22 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:La Légende des siècles


text:
David Morse

David Bowditch Morse (born October 11, 1953) is an American actor. He first came to national attention as Dr. Jack "Boomer" Morrison in the medical drama series St. Elsewhere (1982–88). His film career has included roles in The Negotiator, The Good Son, Horns, Contact, The Green Mile, Dancer in the Dark, Disturbia, The Long Kiss Goodnight, The Rock and 12 Monkeys.

In 2006, Morse had a recurring role as Detective Michael Tritter on the medical drama series House, for which he received an Emmy Award nomination. He portrayed George Washington in the 2008 HBO miniseries John Adams, which garnered him a second Emmy nomination. He received acclaim for his portrayal of Uncle Peck on the Off-Broadway play How I Learned to Drive, earning a Drama Desk Award and Obie Award. He has had success on Broadway, portraying James "Sharky" Harkin in The Seafarer. From 2010 to 2013, he portrayed Terry Colson, an honest police officer in a corrupt New Orleans police department, on the HBO series Treme. Morse appeared in the WGN America series Outsiders (2016–17), the Showtime miniseries Escape at Dannemora (2018), and the Netflix comedy drama series The Chair (2021).

Early life
Morse was born October 11, 1953, in Beverly, Massachusetts, the son of Jacquelyn Morse, a teacher, and Charles Morse, a salesman. He was raised in Essex, Massachusetts and Hamilton, Massachusetts. As a teenager, he was confirmed in the Episcopal church, and he has said that he continues to pray daily into adulthood. His middle name, Bowditch, comes from mathematician Nathaniel Bowditch.

Early career in theater
After graduating from high school in 1971, Morse was invited by Esquire Jauchem, who had directed him in one of his school plays, to audition for the repertory theater he was helping form in Boston, the Boston Repertory Company. Morse became a member that summer at age 17 and spent six years performing there while living in the Fort Hill section of Roxbury.

In 1975, Jauchem, by then the artistic director of the Boston Repertory Theater, adapted and directed a stage musical version of The Point! that starred Morse as Oblio. The production later toured to the Trinity Square Repertory Company in Providence. In the late 1970s, Morse moved from Boston to New York to further his stage career with the Circle Repertory Company and to study acting at the William Esper Studio.

Film and television
In 1980, Morse made his theatrical film debut in the drama Inside Moves. Morse was listed as one of the twelve most "Promising New Actors of 1980" in John A. Willis's Screen World, Vol. 32.

Morse's big break came in 1982 when he was cast in the television medical drama St. Elsewhere. He played Dr. Jack "Boomer" Morrison, a young physician who is forced to deal with the death of his wife and the struggles of a single parent professional.

Morse appeared in a number of supporting roles following St. Elsewhere. He is quoted as saying, "I made the decision that I didn't care if there was any money in the role or not. I had to find roles that were different from what I had been doing." His turn in Desperate Hours as antagonist showed a darker side of Morse. He later starred in The Indian Runner and The Crossing Guard. He has appeared in three adaptations of Stephen King stories: The Langoliers, Hearts in Atlantis, and The Green Mile. He was a guest star on Homicide: Life on the Street, playing a racist cousin of Detective Tim Bayliss. In 2002, Morse starred as Mike Olshansky, an ex-Philadelphia police officer turned cab driver, in the television film Hack. For his role in the 2002 crime-drama film Shuang Tong, Morse was nominated as Best Supporting Actor in the Golden Horse Awards, the first ever nomination for an English-speaking actor. He appeared as suspicious neighbor Mr. Turner in the 2007 thriller Disturbia. Film critic and commentator John Podhoretz wrote that Morse is a "largely unsung character actor who enlivens and deepens every movie fortunate enough to have him in the cast."

In 2006, Morse received a phone call from David Shore, who had previously worked with him on the Hack series. Shore asked him if he would be interested in having a guest role on House. When Morse watched the show, he could not understand why people enjoyed it because he believed "this House guy is a total jerk." When he told some of his friends about the offer, however, their excited reactions convinced him to accept the role. Morse portrayed Michael Tritter, a detective with a vendetta against Dr. House. He earned his first Emmy Award nomination for his work on the series.

In 2008, Morse portrayed George Washington in the HBO miniseries John Adams, for which his nose was made bigger with prosthetics. Morse commented, "The first thing that comes to mind is my nose; it was my big idea to do that nose. We didn't have a lot of time, because they asked me to do this about three weeks before they started shooting, and I just kept looking at these portraits and thinking 'this man's face is so commanding.' And I did not feel that my face was very commanding in the way his was. So I convinced them that we should try the nose, and we tried it on, and everybody went, 'Wow, that's Washington.'" Morse's portrayal earned him his second Emmy Award nomination. He also portrays Washington in voice form as part of The Hall of Presidents show in Walt Disney World Resort's Magic Kingdom.

Morse has stated that out of all of the films he has done, his favorites are The Green Mile, The Crossing Guard, and The Indian Runner.

In 2010, he guest starred in two episodes of the HBO drama series Treme as Lt. Terry Colson of the New Orleans Police Department. He was promoted to series regular starting with the show's second season, which began in April 2011. Later that year, Morse won the best actor award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival for his role in Collaborator. He played an ex-CIA agent in the film World War Z (2013). He played the late NFL player Mike Webster in the biographical sports drama Concussion (2015).

Stage
In addition to performing in films and on television, Morse has continued to appear on stage. For his performance in the 1997 Off-Broadway production of Paula Vogel's Pulitzer Prize-winning drama How I Learned to Drive, he received an Obie Award, a Drama League Award, a Drama Desk Award, and a Lucille Lortel Award. That same year, he played Father Barry in the play adaptation of On the Waterfront. From 2007 to 2008, Morse appeared on Broadway in Conor McPherson's play The Seafarer. He received a Tony Award nomination for his role in the 2018 Broadway revival of The Iceman Cometh.

Personal life
Morse has three younger sisters and had one stepsister. He has been married to actress and author of The Habit, Susan Wheeler Duff Morse since 1982. They have one daughter and twin sons. After losing their home in the 1994 Northridge earthquake, Morse and his family moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Morse has food sensitivities and has to prepare almost all food he eats himself.

title: David Morse


text: User talk:82.33.100.170

title: User talk:82.33.100.170


text:
Janneke Jonkman

Janneke Jonkman (born Leiderdorp, Netherlands 20 January 1978) is a Dutch writer.

After primary school, Jonkman studied dance at the Koninklijk Conservatorium for three years. She quit her studies there and subsequently attended the Stedelijk Gymnasium in Leiden, where she obtained her diploma in 1997. Whilst studying Dutch at the Universiteit van Amsterdam she became a member of the editorship of the literary magazine Nymph.

In 2001, Jonkman's debut novel Soms Mis Je Me Nooit (Sometimes You Never Miss Me) was published by Dutch publishers Prometheus/Bert Bakker. Her second book was called De Droomfotograaf (The Dream Photographer). Her third novel, entitled Verboden Te Twijfelen (Forbidden To Doubt), was published in October 2006. Jonkman's novel Vederlicht(Featherlight) was published in 2009.

Janneke Jonkman co-authored the television movie Near Neighbors, along with director Marleen Jonkman, in 2010.

Interviews with Jonkman have appeared in Dutch magazines including Sp!ts, Folia, Spui, Plug, Avant Garde and Viva.

She currently lives and works in Amsterdam, working part-time for the magazine AvantGarde.

title: Janneke Jonkman


text:
Talk:Winsome Sears

LIBERAL BIAS IN ARTICLE
Why have all the racist accusations from Democrat Party officials and talking heads been snatched out of this article? That stuff needs to be in the article for completeness. Examples of the racist slander was that she is a "Black mouth" of White supremacy" and "White Supremacy By Ventriloquist" by Democrat Michael Eric Dyson. Joy Reid's claimed she "legitimizes white supremacy" just because she thinks differently from Democrat Black people.  WTF?  PUT IT BACK!§

 * I'm one of the people who added some of those quotes, but my addition was reverted. Here's the diff which shows my content being removed:

 * https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winsome_Sears&type=revision&diff=1053772996&oldid=1053771984

 * And here's the content that I added, which was removed. I put this in the "Career" section, and I created a new sub-section called, "Accusations of being a white supremacist"

 * The Atlantic writer Jemele Hill said of Sears, "It’s not the messaging, folks. This country simply loves white supremacy."

 * Vanderbilt University Professor Michael Eric Dyson said of Sears, "The problem is, here, they want white supremacy by ventriloquist effect... There is a black mouth moving but a white idea running on the runway of the tongue of a figure who justifies and legitimates the white supremacist practices."

 * When I added the content, I commented, "Accusations of white supremacy. Both accusers are notable enough to have their own wikipedia articles, so I think these accusations are notable."

 * The person who removed it commented, "violates WP:UNDUE and WP:NPOV"

 * I'm curious to heat what others think of this.

 * Baxter329 (talk) 17:42, 29 January 2022 (UTC)

I just added the content back in.

User:KidAd, the same person who had removed it before, removed it again, and commented: "absolutely not"

I am interested in hearing what others think.

Baxter329 (talk) 21:32, 26 February 2022 (UTC)
 * You do not have consensus for this content. It is a violation of WP:UNDUE, WP:BLPBALANCE, and WP:NPOV. KidAd  •  SPEAK  21:35, 26 February 2022 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 10:47, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Addition inappropriately rejected
My addition to this article (included below) was rejected as "undue," without any specific reason given. Therefore, I'm forced to address every possible objection. Here goes:

-- "Neutrality requires that main space articles fairly represent all significant viewpoints that have been published by reliable sources, in proportion to the prominence of each viewpoint in the published, reliable sources." My addition fairly represents a significant viewpoint (actually, it represents facts). The cited sources are reliable, including the Human Rights Campaign, the pre-eminent gay rights organization in the United States, and the Daily Press, the mainstream newspaper of record for the Tidewater, Virginia, region.

-- "Giving due weight and avoiding giving undue weight means articles should not give minority views or aspects as much of or as detailed a description as more widely held views or widely supported aspects. Generally, the views of tiny minorities should not be included at all, except perhaps in a "see also" to an article about those specific views. For example, the article on the Earth does not directly mention modern support for the flat Earth concept, the view of a distinct (and minuscule) minority; to do so would give undue weight to it." My addition represents facts, not views. The "views" are not of a "tiny minority," but pertain to the entire gay population. To label it a "fringe" is, at best, not cognizant of modern-day concepts of a large, valid, high-profile, often-discriminated segment of the population."

-- The facts included in my addition are based primarily on writings of the subject of the biography HERSELF, not "fringe" critics.

-- "Undue weight can be given in several ways, including but not limited to the depth of detail, the quantity of text, prominence of placement, the juxtaposition of statements, and the use of imagery." My addition does not reflect undue weight in any of those regards.

-- "Specifically, it should always be clear which parts of the text describe the minority view. In addition, the majority view should be explained sufficiently to let the reader understand how the minority view differs from it, and controversies regarding aspects of the minority view should be clearly identified and explained." Again, I presented facts, not opinions; they are not "minority views."

-- The person who is the subject of the biographical piece is a politician -- a very controversial one at that -- and her views on gay rights are absolutely relevant, as her official actions may arguably be affected by her personal viewpoints. Gay rights is NOT a fringe issue, and her views are not only fair to include in my addition, but SHOULD be included.

This is the addition I attempted to include:

Controversy over gay rights
Sears, accused by the Human Rights Campaign of running political campaigns based on “her staunch opposition to LGBTQ rights,” wrote a 2004 op-ed piece in the [], stating that she “emphatically” supported a constitutional amendment “preserving the institution of marriage to be between a man and a woman.” In the piece, she added, “I also believe our society has gone immeasurably beyond almost all standards in accommodating the homosexual community over the last couple of decades.” During a 2004 political debate, she criticized comparisons of the gay civil rights movement to the Black civil rights movement, saying, “I and people who look like me can’t believe our movement is being hijacked.”

DavidMWalter (talk) 23:33, 13 November 2021 (UTC)David Walter
 * I know that you're new here and and an WP:SPA, but rejected as "undue," without any specific reason given is nonsense. WP:UNDUE is Wikipedia policy. That means it is the specific reason given. Per WP:STRUCTURE, Segregation of text or other content into different regions or subsections, based solely on the apparent POV of the content itself, may result in an unencyclopedic structure, such as a back-and-forth dialogue between proponents and opponents. It may also create an apparent hierarchy of fact where details in the main passage appear "true" and "undisputed", whereas other, segregated material is deemed "controversial", and therefore more likely to be false. Try to achieve a more neutral text by folding debates into the narrative, rather than isolating them into sections that ignore or fight against each other. This article would benefit from a neutrally-written "Political positions" section. I do not suggest that you attempt to create one. KidAd  •  SPEAK  23:50, 13 November 2021 (UTC)

KidAd: Thank you for the explanation. Below is my revised addition, proposed for inclusion under "2021 lieutenant gubernatorial election." Citations will be entered into the appropriate format upon overall content approval.

Preceding unsigned comment added by DavidMWalter (talk • contribs) 02:15, 14 November 2021 (UTC)

Deleted proposed content revision from this talk page and published it to live page. DavidMWalter (talk) 21:43, 16 November 2021 (UTC)DavidMWalter

Seeking consensus
Hello,

I made very substantial revisions in response to feedback on my originally proposed edits, but they were reverted, with no further specific feedback. The text of the reverted revision appears below. I seek consensus to have it added to the article, in the "2021 lieutenant gubernatorial election" section.

-

"The campaign and election of Sears, an evangelical Christian, were hailed by conservative outlets, including the Christian Broadcasting Network’s 700 Club, which praised her in an article headlined, “A Born Leader Hoping to Change the World.” The conservative The Washington Times said the election of Sears and Virginia attorney general candidate Jason Miyares “showcased the increasing diversity among Republicans and the party’s success in recruiting women and minority candidates to deliver a conservative message of freedom and opportunity.” However, Sears was criticized by liberals such as MSNBC host Joy Reid, who accused Republicans of “rolling out their latest can’t-call-it-racist card in the form of newly elected black lieutenant governor, former – the former national chair of Black Americans to Reelect Trump” and asserted that the Republican Party “stoke[s] white supremacism.” Sears responded, “[Reid] talks about white supremacy. Does she know that I ran against a white supremacist?”

Sears also lashed out against criticism of campaign materials that included a photograph of her holding a rifle. Among critics was Virginia Democratic Delegate and Army veteran Dan Helmer, who claimed, “The use of that iconography and imagery is meant to inspire feelings of militancy and separation instead of bringing use together at a time of deep divisiveness….” Sears countered, “I am a Marine. I’m very comfortable with weapons, and, by the way, we do have a Second Amendment right to have these weapons.”

The Human Rights Campaign accused sears of running political campaigns based on “her staunch opposition to LGBTQ rights,”. Sears wrote a 2004 op-ed piece in the Daily_Press_(Virginia), stating that she “emphatically” supported a constitutional amendment “preserving the institution of marriage to be between a man and a woman.” In the piece, she added, “I also believe our society has gone immeasurably beyond almost all standards in accommodating the homosexual community over the last couple of decades.” During a 2004 political debate, she criticized comparisons of the gay civil rights movement to the Black civil rights movement, saying, “I and people who look like me can’t believe our movement is being hijacked.” In the same debate, she said, “I don’t try to impose my beliefs on anyone else, but my beliefs are who I am.”"

DavidMWalter (talk) 23:06, 16 November 2021 (UTC)DavidMWalter

 * To my mind, the "undue" part was the sheer volume taken up in comparison to the rest of the article. It was extremely detailed compared to the treatment given other items in the article. It came across as almost an article in itself. Perhaps if the entire content were condensed to a paragraph. signed, Willondon (talk) 23:46, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree with Willondon. Toddst1 (talk) 20:30, 19 November 2021 (UTC)

Thanks for your response, Willondon. I understand the "undue" concept now, however, I think it does not apply in this instance. Sears rose from near-obscurity to national attention instantly upon her election. She has entered a new public arena in which the primary focus will be on her political beliefs, aspirations and performance. The comparative paucity of other information in her biography doesn't diminish the applicability of the three paragraphs I wrote. DavidMWalter (talk) 01:46, 17 November 2021 (UTC)DavidMWalter
 * The feedback you've gotten (that you keep saying you haven't gotten) is that the material you're adding constitutes undue weight in the article. There seems to be strong consensus about that, with one editor who seems to have a WP:COI being an outlier, you.  Looking at your behavior here, it shows a few characteristics of WP:TIMESINK. Perhaps you should think about that. Toddst1 (talk) 22:16, 19 November 2021 (UTC)

 * I disagree with your comment in multiple respects, however, in the interest of moving forward, I offer the following revision:

"The campaign and election of Sears were hailed by conservative outlets, including the Christian Broadcasting Network’s 700 Club and The Washington Times, which said the election of Sears and Virginia attorney general candidate Jason Miyares “showcased the increasing diversity among Republicans and the party’s success in recruiting women and minority candidates to deliver a conservative message of freedom and opportunity.” Liberals reacted critically. MSNBC host Joy Reid accused Republicans of “rolling out their latest can’t-call-it-racist card in the form of [the] newly elected black lieutenant governor.” The Human Rights Campaign claimed that Sears ran political campaigns based on “her staunch opposition to LGBTQ rights,” . Sears wrote in 2004 that she “emphatically” supported a constitutional amendment “preserving the institution of marriage to be between a man and a woman,” and during a debate that year, she criticized comparisons of the gay civil rights movement to the Black civil rights movement, saying, “I and people who look like me can’t believe our movement is being hijacked.”"

 * DavidMWalter (talk) 01:26, 20 November 2021 (UTC)DavidMWalter
 * Of course you disagree. I'm thinking 2 sentences seems maybe about right. Toddst1 (talk) 15:21, 20 November 2021 (UTC)

 * You refer to the election as a prominent turning point in her career. Indeed it is, but I think that that is attested to in the article by the fact that it enjoys a separate subsection, header and all. The present detail given is accordant with the rest of the article. And we must also consider the dangers of presentism when deciding what weight to give it in the article. signed, Willondon (talk) 15:48, 20 November 2021 (UTC)

Toddst1 Willondon OK, trying once again. Here's the content, reduced to two sentences:

The campaign and election of Sears were hailed by national conservative outlets, including the Christian Broadcasting Network’s 700 Club and The Washington Times. Prominent liberals, including MSNBC host Joy Reid,” and the LGBTQ-rights group the Human Rights Campaign denounced Sears’s campaign and election.

DavidMWalter (talk)
 * How about something less partisan and more encyclopedic and factual like:

"Sears' candidacy was supported by Christian Broadcasting Network’s 700 Club and The Washington Times, while opposed by the Human Rights Campaign."
 * The articles about those organizations <- are that way. Just present the facts. That's what we're here to do.  If I've over-trimmed the refs, please include them. More refs are better. Toddst1 (talk) 04:43, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your further input, Toddst1. I think, though, that the final edit you proposed could be interpreted to mean that only two organizations supported Sears and only one organization opposed her. Also, I chose the words "hailed" and "denounced" for their precision in reflecting the polarization of opinions expressed about Sears; "supported" and "opposed" are insufficient. I appreciate your and Willondon's thoughts on this, but the condensing of my originally proposed edits to a single sentence strays too far from what I believe is warranted for this article. I'm going to open this up for additional input. — Preceding unsigned comment added by DavidMWalter (talk • contribs) 20:49, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

RfC on Winsome Sears revision
Please see the "Seeking consensus" section above. What is the appropriate amount of content to include in the proposed revision? DavidMWalter (talk) 21:05, 21 November 2021 (UTC)
 * See discussions above where DavidMWalter refuses to get the point of the consensus and drop the stick.  This RFC is WP:WIKILAWYERING at best and should be closed. Note that this disruptive editor is already blocked from editing the article because of other disruption.   Toddst1 (talk) 00:33, 22 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Maybe None - There appears to be a consensus against the inclusion.   Robert McClenon (talk) 05:04, 22 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Agree with others above., from my personal experience I recommend you stop making proposals for the article for a while and just lurk around wikipedia and related articles to observe other instances of consensus process, the wiki style, and the WP:PAGs. It can be mighty helpful to learn that way how to do it.  A. C. Santacruz  ⁂  Talk  05:56, 22 November 2021 (UTC)
 * No change Editors, including myself, have attempted to treat with respect and patience because he is an inexperienced user. To reiterate the message I wrote on my talk page, it is in his best interest to stop editing Winsome Sears and pursue his other interests on this website. There is a lot to choose from.  KidAd  •  SPEAK  17:20, 22 November 2021 (UTC)
 * No change It's fine as it is. The detail and content is consistent with the rest of the article. Willondon (talk) 00:11, 24 November 2021 (UTC)
 * No change Fine as is. Eruditess (talk) 22:52, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

Meta-discussion by OP
Toddst1, Robert McClenon, A. C. Santacruz, KidAd: Thank you for taking the time to respond to this RfC. I will leave it open for another few days in case others wish to respond, and then remove the tag. I am writing an essay about my experience here, for submission to a to-be-determined publication. Sometime after the holiday, I will include a list of observations/questions on my user page, and will welcome any comments/rebuttals you may have. I will include a notice here when the list is available. — Preceding unsigned comment added by DavidMWalter (talk) 00:04, 24 November 2021 (UTC)DavidMWalter (talk • contribs) 00:01, 24 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you should spend a little more time learning about how things work before jumping to conclusions. You're certainly not contributing like you understand the WP:5 Pillars of editing, especially WP:5P4 and the part about consensus.  Continuing to insist that you are right, with no new points like you have done here does not build consensus.  I think if you spend some time learning instead of charging ahead with your own point of view, you may develop a very different perspective. While our content is crowd-sourced, that doesn't mean you can write whatever you want and expect folks to accept it.
 * Seriously, take a look at WP:DISRUPTSIGNS. It's pretty obvious that you've been exhibiting at least two of them but I can tell you would like to engage constructively.   Toddst1 (talk) 02:06, 24 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the additional comments, Toddst1. I think you'll find when you see my list of observations and questions, that I'm writing an essay to illuminate, not excoriate. That's why I'm taking my time coming up with the list. I have been reading the recommended articles -- and others as well -- and am spending quite a bit of time pondering the points made here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by DavidMWalter (talk • contribs) 03:29, 24 November 2021 (UTC)

RfC tag removed. DavidMWalter (talk) 21:48, 26 November 2021 (UTC)DavidMWalter

I have included observations/questions on my talk page. All are welcome to respond. Thanks. DavidMWalter (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 23:00, 27 November 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:54, 14 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Winsome Sears campaign photo.jpg

Section heading: "Gay rights" vs. "LGBTQ rights"
it's probably better to discuss this here than through edit summaries. I prefer titling the section "Gay rights" over "LGBTQ rights". Both labels are accurate, but I think the former is more helpful to readers because it's more specific. (For the same reason, I don't think we should rename the "Abortion" section to "Women's rights"). The only information I can find about Sears's views on LGBT rights are her views on gay marriage, and the gay rights movement more generally (e.g. the quote about going too far "accommodating the homosexual community", and her comments about the gay rights movement not being comparable to the civil rights movement). What do you think? Colin M (talk) 21:04, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I think it's less helpful for readers because it's more specific. The HRC, arguably an authority on the matter, uses "LGBTQ". It's not a hill I'm willing to die on, however. :) Good either way. --Kbabej (talk) 22:10, 17 February 2022 (UTC)

HRC quote
An IP editor (who I unfortunately can't ping) has removed the following sentence from the "Gay rights" section a couple times:

Their stated rationale is that "HRC is an interest group not a reliable source... it's like putting the NRA opposes x or y Democrat, interests groups are never used authoritatively".

I'm actually leaning in favour of removing the sentence, mostly because I don't think it adds much to the reader's understanding of the topic. We've already established she strongly opposed gay marriage and has expressed a general aversion to the gay rights movement. Is it at all surprising that the HRC finds this problematic?

Analogously, in the "Abortion" section we establish that she's generally opposed to abortions, and would support legislation to strictly limit their availability. Would the section be improved by adding a sentence stating that EMILY's List has described her as "rabidly anti-abortion"? (per ) I'm inclined to think this would not be useful.

Thoughts? Colin M (talk) 22:44, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I think it adds context, and expands beyond simply gay issues. It's the first mention of LGBTQ issues as a whole, and it states she has "staunch opposition" to them. I'm in favor of inclusion. --Kbabej (talk) 23:03, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * But does she actually oppose any LGBT rights that aren't gay rights? As I said above, I haven't found any evidence of her expressing views on trans rights. I think their enlargement of scope to "LGBTQ rights" obscures the matter more than it illuminates. Colin M (talk) 23:17, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * The source directly states she does oppose LGBTQ rights. I don't see how that could possibly be confusing for anyone reading this article. --Kbabej (talk) 23:19, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't think you've really engaged with my question above: does she actually oppose any LGBT rights that aren't gay rights? If not, then enlarging the scope of the statement to "LGBTQ rights" just confuses the issue. Colin M (talk) 00:03, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Also, the HRC is the largest lobbying and advocacy org in the US dealing with LGBTQ issues. It's an important org, regardless of one's political leanings. I think their analysis makes sense here. --Kbabej (talk) 23:05, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Just to understand where you're coming from, what do you think about the abortion example I described above? Or what about adding a quote to the section about guns saying that the NRA has described Sears as "committed to protecting our fundamental right to keep and bear arms"? Would these improve the article? I would regard these as similar situations. Just as HRC is the largest lobbying LGBT lobbying group, Emily's List and the NRA are probably the largest groups in their advocacy areas. Colin M (talk) 23:24, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I think the gun and abortion sections are quite clear. The "gay rights" section (which you renamed) isn't as clear, since gay rights and LGBTQ rights are different things. LGBTQ rights include gay rights, but gay rights don't necessarily include LGBTQ rights. Does that make sense? --Kbabej (talk) 23:27, 17 February 2022 (UTC)

I completely agree with all of that; the first comment. If HRC is an opinion article and using it is somehow neutral then what stops us from just blasting interest groups as opinion articles on all Wikipedia pages? Can I just put this Democrat is running an anti-gun rights campaign according to the NRA? Or like you say this Republican is anti-abortion according to Planned Parenthood? I've never noticed this kind of opinion article on Wikipedia sourced like that. They normally state a second party source that interest group x or y says the they get an A score. Like, Smith received an A- from the NRA. (Source: Vote Smart) This deviates tremendously from the norm and is unnecessary and undue biased. It's a slippery slope if allowed. Although the HRC is certainly a powerful group for LGBT matters, the NRA is for guns but it's not sourced like that at present. To me this seems like an unnecessary attack with bad precedence. Completely slanted, particularly given article's size and scope. It's clearly an opinionated entry with undue bias on page. I hope this precedence doesn't stand. 107.77.241.57 (talk) 23:29, 17 February 2022 (UTC)

Also, the notion that the HRC source brings something new that's not already discussed on the article isn't really valid. The point was made with the current material. It's purpose is just to state opposition from an interest group. I don't see how that's neutral or balanced material. 107.77.241.57 (talk) 23:37, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * The point is not made with the current material, as (stated above) "gay rights and LGBTQ rights are different things. LGBTQ rights include gay rights, but gay rights don't necessarily include LGBTQ rights." The inclusion covers two topic matters under the subsection. --Kbabej (talk) 23:53, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * No, it doesn't bring anything new to the article besides their stated opposition. For that point to even be valid it would have to note her opposition to other aspects of LGBT rights and it doesn't. It just notes their opposition to her campaign. Also, you haven't made a compelling point about why this should break precedence on sourcing. I've not found an analogous example on Wikipedia of a source used like this. 107.77.241.57 (talk) 00:02, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Can you show me a WP policy that states this would violate sourcing requirements? Subject matter experts are routinely quoted on pages, including BLPs. --Kbabej (talk) 00:05, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Apparently the HRC article is considered an opinion article and it should be used with deference to balance. The idea is not to use opinion articles as authoritative sources, thus you should consider balance when using them. It doesn't bring any new information besides HRC's opposition to her campaign so it brings undue balance to the page and should be removed. 107.77.241.57 (talk) 00:18, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Can you show me a WP policy stating that? I also don't agree that it's an opinion article. It also does bring new info, as it states she is opposed to LGBTQ rights, not just gay rights. --Kbabej (talk) 00:21, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * it states she is opposed to LGBTQ rights, not just gay rights I think you're reading too far into it. Even if she is opposed to just gay rights, it's still accurate to say she's opposed to LGBT rights. Sometimes sources use an umbrella "LGBT" even if a more specific term applies. Analogy: source A says that Sally's Smoothies has opened three new locations in France. Source B says that Sally's Smoothies has expanded to Europe. We cannot logically infer that B provides new information, i.e. that the business has locations in Europe, not just France. Colin M (talk) 00:35, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Conversely, I don't think you understand the difference between LGBTQ and gay. You're also wanting to go down the OR route. You can't assume you know the intent of the HRC by stating Sometimes sources use an umbrella "LGBT" even if a more specific term applies. As the arguable experts on the matter, I think they choose their language carefully. Even if they don't, it's still what was stated, and it's not for you or any other editor to interpret. --Kbabej (talk) 00:47, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

It was flagged as an "opinion piece" by an administrator (and it clearly is since HRC is an organization with a clear agenda like the NRA) and it's a mix of reliable sources and undue so like WP:RS and WP:Undue. Thus, there should be a compelling reason for its inclusion and I don't see one. It doesn't state anything new besides their opposition to her campaign. Colin M and I broadly agree to exclude it. Why do you care so much about its inclusion? 107.77.241.57 (talk) 00:42, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Simply put, you're trying to sanitize an article when the content is clearly DUE. I could also ask you why you care so much about its exclusion? I've made thousands of edits on WP. You've made less than 50. Proportionally, your edits are much more focused on one issue than mine are. Your IP is basically an SPA. --Kbabej (talk) 00:50, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Please assume good faith. I don't think these kinds of accusations are fair or helpful, nor do I see how their number of edits is relevant. Colin M (talk) 01:01, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Describing an IP as an SPA whose last six of seven contributions this year are focusing on removing info on a BLP is hardly unfair. —Kbabej (talk) 01:48, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * You also accused them of "trying to sanitize" the article. That's an imputation of bad faith. Colin M (talk) 01:53, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

I read both articles that were mentioned on the history section and I stand by my statements and I reread the policy I stated. You decided to be offensive. I never attacked you. And I won't continue this because you just want to insult. I care about the golden rule. I'm sure you wouldn't treat me like this in real life given my background. I made my point to its conclusion. Colin, I appreciate it and you know my stance. And finally never assume motivation, some of us don't fit into a box. I for one care about treating others with love not just stating this person opposes me or we oppose them. Stating policy or laws they oppose is generally neutral fact while interest groups have an agenda that needs to be balanced for accuracy, purpose, and scope. Not all people that the interest groups supposedly support actually agree with their agenda. It's opinion after all, not fact. 107.77.241.57 (talk) 02:05, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Winsome Sears


text:
Who Am I This Time?

"Who Am I This Time?" is a short story written by Kurt Vonnegut, published in the Saturday Evening Post in 1961. The story was collected in Vonnegut's anthology Welcome to the Monkey House, published in 1968. It was originally titled "My Name is Everyone".

Synopsis
The story centers on a character named Harry Nash, who is an extremely shy and characterless small-town man. However, whenever he takes a part in the local amateur theater production, he personifies the character to an overwhelming extent. Helene Shaw, a recent addition to the town and participant in the local play currently in production, falls in love—not with Nash, but with his character in the play.

Main characters
Harry Nash is a clerk at Miller's Hardware Store who acts in local amateur productions at the North Crawford Mask and Wig Club. He's known for his ability to completely personify a role, whatever it calls for. Before the story's timeline, his roles included Captain Queeg in The Caine Mutiny Court Martial, Abe Lincoln in Abe Lincoln in Illinois, the young architect in The Moon is Blue, Henry VIII in Anne of the Thousand Days and Doc in Come Back, Little Sheba. He's also known for his intense shyness when he's out of character or without a script in front of him. When approached with a new role, he asks "Who am I this time?". In the story, he plays Marlon Brando's role in A Streetcar Named Desire. It's in this context that he meets Helene, who plays his wife on stage. He ultimately marries Helene.

Helene Shaw works for a phone company and travels the country teaching local girls how to take care of the company's new billing machine. The director notices her beauty and persuades her to audition for a part in A Streetcar Named Desire. Her initial audition falls flat as she seemingly has no passion to draw on. She confesses that she's never been in love but that she wants to be. It's not until she reads the script again, with Harry fully in character, that she's able to tap into the emotion necessary for the part. Over the course of the auditions, she falls in love with Harry's onstage persona. After the final performance, she gives him a copy of Romeo and Juliet which they read from and, together, they take on the characters' personas. She stays in North Crawford, marries Harry a week later and they seem to be happy, depending on which play they're reading from that week.

The short story is written from the unnamed director's point of view.

Adaptations

 * The short story was made in a short television movie in 1982 starring Christopher Walken and Susan Sarandon and directed by Jonathan Demme.
 * In 2008 it was adapted into a radio play for BBC Radio 4 starring Lou Hirsch, Kerry Shale, Joanne Froggatt and Maureen Lipman.

title: Who Am I This Time?


text: Talk:Sam Pollock

title: Talk:Sam Pollock


text:
Baran (film)

Baran (literally: Rain) is a 2001 Iranian film directed by Majid Majidi, based on an original script by Majid Majidi. The movie is set during recent times in which there are many Afghan refugees living on the outskirts of Tehran. Baran won a number of awards both nationally and internationally for the director and writer Majid Majidi.

Synopsis
It is winter in Tehran. Lateef is 17. He works at a construction site managed by Memar. Lateef prepares and serve tea and food for the workers with whom he frequently quarrels. They come from throughout Iran, but particularly Iranian Azerbaijan. Some are refugees from Afghanistan. They have no identity cards and are employed illegally. When labour inspectors arrive, they must hide. An Afghan worker, Najaf, falls, breaks his leg and is taken to hospital. Soltan, another Afghan, brings in Rahmat, Najaf's son, who is around 14 years old, to replace him. Memar soon realizes that Rahmat is too young and switches the jobs of Rahmat and Lateef. Lateef is furious, threatens Rahmat, tries to sabotage his work and spies on him.

One day, he is shocked to discover that Rahmat is a girl. As he watches her comb her hair, he becomes disoriented and hears strange sounds. His attitude changes; he becomes protective, helpful and desperately in love. While Rahmat does not express herself, over time she seems to respond. During a surprise visit of the inspectors, they encounter Rahmat. She panics and flees, and they pursue her. Lateef restrains the inspectors, allowing Rahmat to escape. Lateef is beaten and arrested. Memar must pay a fine, comply with the law, and lay off all illegals.

Lateef can't bear Rahmat's absence, and seeks Soltan for news. He goes to where the Afghans live, walks around, meets an enigmatic cobbler, and ends up in the courtyard of a shrine near a graveyard where Afghans are gathered for a milk ceremony. He inquires about Soltan, but gets no clues. Among the Afghans stands Rahmat in female clothing. She sees Lateef, stares at him, then leaves. Lateef is not aware of her. The next day, he finds Soltan, and learns that Rahmat works near the river. Lateef rushes there to find Rahmat working unhappily with other women carrying heavy stones. He is distressed, and wants to find a way to help her. He obtains his wages and hands them to Soltan to pass them to Najaf. They agree to meet the next day at the shrine. Instead of Soltan, Najaf shows up to inform Lateef that Soltan has gone to Afghanistan. He tells Lateef that Soltan came to him and offered him money he'd borrowed from someone but he refused it and advised Soltan to use it to leave for Afghanistan where he had a serious family issue.

The next day Lateef he overhears that Najaf is also faced with family problems in Afghanistan, as his brother has been killed. He hears Rahmat's real name is Baran. Lateef goes to find an exhausted Baran carrying logs. The next morning, Najaf is at the construction site begging Memar unsuccessfully for a loan. Lateef sells the only valuable thing he has, his identity card. When he brings the money, Lateef learns that Najaf and his family will use it to return to Afghanistan. Lateef is overwhelmed and finds refuge in the shrine. There, he hears the same sounds he heard when he first saw Baran. He accepts his fate.

The next day, while helping Najaf to load a truck with household effects, Lateef is finally face-to-face with Baran. Through eye contact and proximity, they exchange their feelings of love. As Baran covers herself and walks to the truck, her shoe gets stuck. Lateef takes her shoe out of the mud, and hands it to her. The truck takes Baran away. Alone, Lateef stares at the footstep in the mud, and smiles while the rain covers it.

Release
Miramax released the film for viewing in New York and Los Angeles on 7 December 2001.

Cast

 * Hossein Abedini as Lateef, worker
 * Zahra Bahrami as Baran/Rahmat
 * Mohammad Amir Naji as Memar, employer
 * Abbas Rahimi as Soltan, another worker
 * Gholam Ali Bakhshi as Najaf, a worker, Rahmat/Baran's father

Awards

 * 2001 Grand Prix of the Americas Award for Best Film at the Montreal World Film Festival
 * 2001 Best Screenplay & Best Director at the Gijón International Film Festival
 * 2001 Oecumenical Special Award for Best Film at the Montreal World Film Festival
 * 2001 Nominated Best Foreign Film Satellite Awards
 * 2001 Best Film & Best Director Awards at the 19th Fajr International Film Festival

title: Baran (film)