text:
Mario Moraes

Mario Ermirio de Moraes Filho (born December 20, 1988, in São Paulo) is a Brazilian professional race car driver. Moraes started his career in minor youth motorsports. In 2003 Moraes competed in American Formula Renault with World Speed Motorsports and won races against some competition such as Marco Andretti. In 2005 he drove for the Bassan Motorsport team in Formula Three Sudamericana and finished eighth. In 2006 he finished second in F3 Sudamericana, then moved to the British Formula Three National Class driving for Carlin Motorsport and earned several good finishes while not competing for series points. He finished in 14th place in the 2007 British Formula Three championship's Championship Class, again competing for Carlin.

In 2008, he drove in the IndyCar Series for Dale Coyne Racing. He finished 21st in points with a best finish of seventh at Watkins Glen International.

Moraes drove for KV Racing Technology in 2009, with a best finish as third at Chicagoland.

American open–wheel results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

IndyCar

 * 1 Run on same day.
 * 2 Non-points race.
 * 2 Non-points race.

title: Mario Moraes


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of current and former capital cities within U.S. states

List of current and former capital cities within U.S. states
(was List of current and former capital cities within the United States)

Partial self-nom; easy to read table displays complex local histories. Hopefully. :) jengod 05:41, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nomination withdrawn.
 * It seems to be going through a radical overhaul - shall we leave it on the list as a candidate or would you prefer to bring it back later? -- ALoan (Talk) 18:36, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Object for now - generally, an excellent list and worthy of featured status, but: it needs some references; would it be possible to add some images (say, small icons of state flags, like the UN list below); and I'm not keen on some aspects of the presentation: CAPITAL LETTERS FOR STATES are off-putting, it should be possible to make the tables the same width (using % in the table heading), and some colours (other than white and grey) would make it more interesting to look at.  -- ALoan (Talk) 17:43, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. We'll take another look at it. jengod 19:42, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * A map might be a helpful illustration. I hesitate a bit about adding the current state flags, as it's not necessarily the one used at the time of the former capital. As most capitals are mentioned in the linked articles, the references there should be sufficient. -- User:Docu
 * Yes - a map showing the location of the current and previous capitals would be great. Also, I note that some information ("when") is missing for the last section ("Within current possessions"). -- ALoan (Talk) 09:25, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, looks good to me, although references would be helpful. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 16:04, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Could use more information on capitals of colonies other than those which became the first 13 states. The title and introductory paragraph imply the list will be broad, but it ends as the familiar list of states and insular territories. -Acjelen 20:19, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * capitals of colonies other than those which became the first 13 states I'm sorry, I just want to clarify what you mean: Other British colonies like St. Kitts and Nevis and Nova Scotia or...We're working to get ya'll whatcha need. :) jengod 20:31, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * What about non-English colonies like New Mexico and Louisiana? Spanish colonies had capitals, didn't they? (I see that Spanish Florida is covered btw). And what of colonies that were later merged with other colonies?  Plymouth was the capitol of Plymouth Colony which later merged with Massachusetts, yet this is not mentioned under Massachusetts. NoSeptember (talk)  23:10, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Object, comprehenisive list, but it could also use a map and, as stated above, small icons of flags. Phoenix2 23:16, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, I think with a few more minor tweaks this list is featured material. Phoenix2 19:21, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of military actions by or within the United States

List of military actions by or within the United States
Partial self-nom; originally was the entire content of Military history of the United States before that was a collaboration of the week. jengod 01:13, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nomination withdrawn.

 * Comment - why are some of the links bold and others not? Presumably it has to do with importance, but is there some sort of specific criteria? --Spangineer ( háblame ) 11:01, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * New note: The bolded items are the U.S. wars most often considered to be major conflicts by historians and the general public. :) jengod 19:41, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - some of these items, like the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, were not military actions (performed?, title seems to be missing a word) by or within the United States. Many links need to be fixed because they redirect to probably better titles.  In general, the scope of the article and the subdivisions are not clear -- in what way is the Republic of Vermont a secessionist attempt (or is it an etc.?); all items listed should go to an article on the topic (or should be a red link pointing to the topic), not a generic article like Nantucket.; also needs references; why are some battles specifically mentioned (like the Battle of Tippecanoe)? this seems to imply that they were a separate military action somehow, but that appears to not be the case; the "miscellaneous" section needs to be organized (appears to be items with no military involvement, but then why relevant? and items listed elsewhere, like Weathermen, also seem to have no military involvement). Tuf-Kat 21:36, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Grand Bahama Football League

The Grand Bahama Football League was the highest form of association football on the Bahamian island of Grand Bahama. Before 2008, the champion of the Grand Bahama Football League would compete with the champion of the New Providence Football League to determine the national title. In 2008, the two leagues merged to form the BFA Senior League.

Grand Bahama Football League Champions

 * 1996 – Pub on the Mall Red Dogs
 * 2000 – Abacom United FC
 * 2001 – Abacom United FC
 * 2002 – Abacom United FC
 * 2003 – Abacom United FC
 * 2004 – Quality Superstars
 * 2005 – unknown
 * 2006 – Brita Red Bulls
 * 2007 – apparently not played
 * 2008 – apparently not played
 * 2017 – Dwayne Whylly FC

title: Grand Bahama Football League


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of countries where United Nations peacekeepers are currently deployed

List of countries where UN peacekeepers are currently deployed
Self-nomination. Fulfills all the requirements, I believe, and it's only a day old, too. --Dmcdevit 14:12, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. A lovely, useful list. Filiocht | Blarneyman 14:18, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, looks good to me. --Spangineer ( háblame  ) 15:20, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Dsmdgold 01:57, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support for content, but please consider using a less saturated and lighter color for the background of the table cells (the headers are fine). My eyes hurt! I previewed it with #F4F9FF and that looks much better to me. -- grm_wnr Esc  23:55, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose for two reasons, first being the painful blue color. Also, it looks odd there not being anything in the "conflict" box for Burundi.  I understand that whatever's going on there may not have an article or common name, but it must be possible to put something there, maybe with a link to the appropriate part of History of Burundi? Tuf-Kat 01:21, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, wow. Actually there is an article for the Burundi Civil War, that just totally slipped my mind, so good catch. Now, about the color, it was just copied from another table I saw. I'm no good with this html color stuff, so I changed it using grm_wnr's suggestion. However, now I think it needs a bit darker color so Cyprus' white flag doesn't get lost. Any suggestions. (Change it yourself if you like) --Dmcdevit 08:26, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Change to support. I don't mind losing Cyprus' flag too much -- if anyone really cares, they'll click on it, but if someone wants to make the color darker, that'd be alright. Tuf-Kat 16:24, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, though I don't like the coloring either. -- User:Docu
 * Comment - I know that external links normally go at the end, but in this instance the links to the UN operations' websites would be much more useful if they were included in the table. Otherwise you have to refer back in order to work out which acronym relates to which operation. OpenToppedBus - Talk 11:32, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of companies operating trains in the United Kingdom

List of companies operating trains in the United Kingdom
A factually accurate comprehensive list of current and former Train Operating Companies since privatisation. Thryduulf 12:21 June 1st (UCT)

 * Good candidate, but needs references. Filiocht | Blarneyman 12:47, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose for lack of references. Also, I think in order to be featured, this should have descriptions, such as of the areas covered by each train line, or a brief history of the company or whatever is most important. Tuf-Kat 01:21, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment This article does not have references, but I cannot see what should be referenced. Also, I am not sure that descriptions would be a good idea, as these would rapidly make the page large, and all of the information is provided in the main articles.  Surely this is not the purpose of a list.--John 13:03, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The list is dreadful, there is no "UK railway network", the British network is separate to the Irish, it is half a list and half an article and a complete mess. — Dunc|☺ 20:38, 29 March 2006 (UTC)


text: User talk:68.46.123.211

title: User talk:68.46.123.211


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of religious topics

List of religious topics
Clearly of wider interest than some of the nominees. Michael Hardy 05:54, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Object, needs pictures, references, and a lead, for starters. --Dmcdevit 06:44, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * What the criteria says is "Have images where appropriate, with good captions and acceptable copyright status. However, a list does not have to have a picture to be featured.". However, a lead and some kind of refs required. Filiocht | Blarneyman 07:42, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, that's true, I was wrong about the criteria. But can you imagine a FAC ever being passed without pictures? It makes the article less detailed (comprehensive) and less interesting to read. --Dmcdevit 19:58, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * But this isn't an FAC! Superm401 | Talk 02:41, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * And isn't there a list of FAs without images at the bottom of WP:FAC? ####

 * Object, needs a lead for starters, and while not required, pictures definitely improve a list. Adding images of people or symbols near their position in the list would make the page more interesting and attention holding. Though I'm not sure about references for a list like this... it seems to be inherently incomprehensive, since it seems to be just composed of articles on wikipedia or articles on religion that people want.  --Spangineer ∞ 11:10, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * This talk of "comprehensiveness" is ridiculous. Nothing can ever hope to be comprehensive.  Example: A comprehensive list would list every cardinal of the Catholic Church about whom a Wikipedia article exists.  A less comprehensive list would link to list of cardinals and list of deceased cardinals and those in turn would link to articles about individual cardinals, while only exceptionally important individual cardinals might appear in the list of religious topics.  Choosing among these various alternatives would be a matter of intelligent judgment of those who edit these lists, just as all editing of articles is decided that way.  Michael Hardy 01:39, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * IMHO, a comprehensive list would list every cardinal of the Catholic Church. Wikipedia having articles on them is totally irrelevant. I'm not interested in simple navigational aids (that's what a category is); I'm interested in content.  A comprehenisve list of deceased cardinals would list every single cardinal that has died.  Making a comprehensive list of patron saints is possible, because there is a finite number of them (I think).  Using "intelligent judgment" to define which cardinals are "exceptionally important" is difficult and will certainly result in instability.  Thus, I'd argue that making a comprehensive list of "important cardinals" is not possible unless some specific definition of "important" is provided (a certain rank, served more than x number of years).  In such cases, just make a list of Cardinals of the Catholic Church who served more than 20 years and nominate that. More discussion on the talk page. --Spangineer ( háblame ) 13:29, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * The kind of "instability" you're talking about is the same kind that affects all featured articles that appear on the main page. Probably every featured article that has appeared there has been improved by edits that happened while it was featured on the main page; does that make it "unstable" and therefore unsuitable?  "Unstable and therefore unsuitable" is something that should apply to things changing far faster than that--something like Pope Benedict XVI six weeks ago.  Haven't you looked at the list of religious topics and its edit history?  It's nowhere near as unstable as that. Michael Hardy 20:29, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Unlike the maths list, I do not fell that anyone can argue that a list that begins "Many Wikipedia articles on religious topics are not yet listed on this page" is comprehensive. While I agree that this criterion could all too easily be taken to its reductio ad absurdum (and that this is happening on the maths list discussion), this one rather shoots itself in the foot. Then there's the lack of a lead. Filiocht | Blarneyman 07:28, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object I think this should have a more clearly-defined purpose. A list of a whole bunch of religion topics with no apparent rhyme or reason is not particularly helpful for the reader. Tuf-Kat 01:21, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object This isn't even remotely comprehensive Dsmdgold 22:01, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object - the lead is unhelpful, there are no references, and it is not (and has little hope of becoming) comprehensive. -- ALoan (Talk) 12:40, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Beeramid (old)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Keep Zzyzx11 (Talk) 20:34, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Beeramid
Un-notable neologism, no links, ho hum. Eliot 22:56, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, cleanup, add pictures. 5,000+ Google hits shows that this is no neologism. Numerous references to both the architectural feat and the drinking game. -- BD2412 talk 01:20, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)
 * Agreed, keep. I've seen some impressive structures of this type.  This is a coined word, but a significant one.  --L33tminion (talk) 03:08, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete trivial & not encyclopedic. JamesBurns 03:21, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. 22,600 results from Google when I searched for "beeramid" tonight. These structures are very common and well-known. Though it may be on the encyclopedic/Wiktionary edge, it appears to be notable/non-trivial, and non-neologic. Some external links were added the same day it was nominated. I admit, this was my first article; though it was the lack of an article for such a well-known phenomenom that actually moved me enough to stop using Wikipedia as a reference tool alone (as I had been for the last 3 years) and start making contibutions. DurtyWilly 05:10, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Article seems reasonably well written, but still appears on Orphaned pages. Josh Parris ✉ 03:20, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of lists of mathematical topics/archive1

List of lists of mathematical topics
Not to be confused with list of mathematical topics. The latter is perhaps by far the longest topics list. This list of lists... is a better way for a mathematician to find out about the great diversity of coverage. I suspect more mathematicians than experts in any other field are found among Wikipedians. Michael Hardy 05:53, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Object, again, as it needs pictures, references, and a lead. --Dmcdevit 06:46, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't see how this would benefit from pictures or what sorts of pictures one might add. Can you give an example? --MarkSweep 06:58, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't see how we can have a featured list without image (especially since it's in the criteria). But I can the difficulty for this list. I think the new list of Presidents of the United States shows a great way to integrate images with the list. Next to each item, you could show an image from one of the topics in the list. --Dmcdevit 07:08, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * What the criteria says is "Have images where appropriate, with good captions and acceptable copyright status. However, a list does not have to have a picture to be featured.". However, a lead and some kind of refs required. Filiocht | Blarneyman 07:42, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * It now has a prefatory section. It certainly does not need pictures. Michael Hardy 00:35, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I think this is a fantastic list (of course being a mathematician I'm biased), as Michael implied it gives a good view of the breadth of coverage in mathematics. However, this list is primarily a navigational tool, and as such doesn't need references, images or a lead. The article makes no assertions, other than the self-evident fact the articles listed are Wikipedia articles, so what would you reference?. I don't think images would be particularly useful, although some could be added for aesthetic reasons I suppose. A lead consisting of a one sentence description of the list might be useful, but I think the list is self-explanatory. Perhaps what this really means is that such lists (i.e. those which simply list of other articles) were not considered when the criteria for "featured lists" were developed? Paul August ☎ 21:05, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what I think about lists of lists and other lists that can't be referenced. I stated my preliminary opinion on the talk page; feel free to do the same. --Spangineer ∞ 11:23, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. The List of mathematical topics contents box at the top of the list is misleading because it can easily be mistaken for a contents box for this list. If it is to stay in that position, it should be explained. --Theo  (Talk) 09:12, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Fixed! Michael Hardy 00:10, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I do not think that we should insist on references for the self-evident. The overriding question has to be "Is this the best that it can be"? If the answer is "yes", and we are still not satisfied, then the question becomes "Should this exist at all?" and that is a deletion issue rather than a 'featured' issue. --Theo  (Talk) 08:24, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - will support if the lead is expanded to explain the organisational princilpes more clearly. I do not see that images are needed. Ditto refs in this case. I would also propose that the criteria be ammended to read "Includes references where appropriate". Filiocht | Blarneyman 07:22, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object until lead is expanded. I also want to see an organizational structure that convinces me that this list is more useful than a category.  Also, the link to itself should be removed.  I remain unsure of unreferenced lists, but that is not part of this objection. --Spangineer ( háblame ) 12:03, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object I'd like to see something other than straight alphabetical order, such as groupings by topic, or at least captions briefly explaining each item. (e.g. why is list of knots considered a mathematical topic?) Tuf-Kat 01:21, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd have guessed it was obvious why list of knots is a mathematical topic, even though, like some of the other items, there are also other fields than mathematics in which it could be included. Michael Hardy 01:37, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not obvious to me. Tuf-Kat
 * Support Tuf-Kat 00:20, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Object I think it should be somehow categorized rather in alphabetic order. I'll try. Oh, and I fixed the knots. Samohyl Jan 08:53, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Check User:Samohyl Jan/List of lists of mathematical topics for a categorized list proposal. Also, I now think that the list is very incomplete, there is for instance no list of optimization topics, no list of ordinary dif. equations etc. Samohyl Jan 10:53, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * That categorized listing looks much, much better than the straight alphabetic one that exists now. It also makes it alot easier to look at a category and figure out what is missing.  However, I'd like to get Michael Hardy's opinion (and/or the opinions of others involved in the creation of the list) before switching to this new format. --Spangineer ( háblame ) 20:08, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanx for fixing the list of knots link. Tuf-Kat

 * Object With all respect to the authors of mathematics on Wikipedia, I am now not convinced that the list is complete (and if it could ever be). Just from the top of my head, I think there should be also List of optimization topics, List of decision-making topics, List of probability density functions, List of statistical tests, List of function spaces, List of equations by type (to the reference tables - something like if your equation is like this, then it's of this type etc.) Also, I still don't like the List of wave topics, because it's all physics. Samohyl Jan 06:29, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't understand this objection. Nobody ever said it's complete.  Obviously, completeness is impossible and undesirable.  Certainly more can be added; that's how Wikipedia works. Michael Hardy 15:43, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The featured list criteria are that it should be comprehensive. Even if I neglect the fact that Wikipedia will never contain everything (there is still a debate about if navigational content is featureable), the lists I mentioned are in my opinion important and useful for navigation and the topics are already covered in Wikipedia. Samohyl Jan 07:29, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Object - I have thought about this for a while. The organisational structure is much better - well done - and I think think this has the potential to be featured.  However, ignioring the lack of references (I think references would be pointless for this list), it still needs a decent lead, and some illustrative images (say, an image illustrating algebra or geometry or whatever) would help to give the text a little more interest. -- ALoan (Talk) 11:31, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)


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Don Rodrigo

Don Rodrigo is an opera in three acts by Alberto Ginastera, the composer's first opera, to an original Spanish libretto by Alejandro Casona. Ginastera composed the opera on commission from the Municipality of the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The first performance was at the Teatro Colón, Buenos Aires, Argentina on 24 July 1964 with Carlo Cossutta in the title role. The production was directed by Jorge Petraglia and conducted by Bruno Bartoletti.

On February 22, 1966, Plácido Domingo had his international breakthrough by singing the title role of this opera at the US premiere of the work by the New York City Opera. Other cast members included Jeannine Crader as Florinda, Spiro Malas as Teudiselo, the king's tutor, and David Clatworthy as Don Julian, Florinda's father. Julius Rudel conducted, and the opera received 9 performances at New York City Opera. In November 1967 the production was also given, still with Plácido Domingo, on tour at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. Ginastera prepared from the opera a concert work for soprano and orchestra, which received its own first performance in October 1964.

Malena Kuss has published a detailed study of Ginastera's use of motives and of Argentine musical idioms in the opera. Pola Suares Urtubey has published an analysis of the dramatic structure of the opera.

Roles

 * Don Rodrigo, King of Spain (dramatic tenor)
 * Don Julian, Governor of Ceuta	(baritone)
 * Florinda, daughter of Don Julian (dramatic soprano)
 * Teudiseld, Don Rodrigo's tutor (bass)
 * Fortuna, maidservant to Florinda (mezzo-soprano)
 * First maiden (soprano)
 * Second maiden	(mezzo-soprano)
 * Bishop (baritone)
 * Blind hermit (baritone)
 * First page (tenor)
 * Second page (baritone)
 * First blacksmith (tenor)
 * Second blacksmith (baritone)
 * First messenger (tenor)
 * Second messenger (baritone)
 * Young messenger (contralto)
 * Voice in the dream (deep bass)
 * Peasant boy (child)
 * Peasant girl (child)

Synopsis
The setting is Toledo, Spain in the 8th century. A note is that Don Rodrigo is also the Spanish name for Roderic, the last Visigothic king of Spain. The three acts of the opera are divided into nine scenes linked by interludes, with labeling of the scenes as follows:

Act I
 * Scene 1: Victory
 * Scene 2: Coronation
 * Scene 3: Secret

Act II
 * Scene 4: Love
 * Scene 5: Outrage
 * Scene 6: Message

Act III
 * Scene 7: Dream
 * Scene 8: Battle
 * Scene 9: Miracle

The scenes mirror each other in a format resembling a dramatic palindrome, with Scene 1 mirrored in Scene 9, Scene 2 mirrored in Scene 8, and so on, with Scene 5 forming the dramatic climax and fulcrum of the story.

At the start, Don Rodrigo has avenged an attack on his father. He is then about to be crowned King of Spain. Don Julian, Governor of Ceuta in Africa, introduces the King to his daughter Florinda. Rodrigo promises Don Julian that he will look after her as a daughter if she is permitted to stay at the royal court. At the coronation of Rodrigo, Florinda drops the crown. Although some regard this accident as a baleful sign, Rodrigo then retrieves the crown and places it on his own head. Historically, a chest in the Vault of Hercules has contained a locked mystery, which every King of Spain has respected since ancient times. However, Rodrigo opens the locked chest, where he sees the secret in the form of an Arab flag and a curse. The curse states that he who has opened the chest will be the last of his dynasty and that the Arabs will enslave Spain.

Later, Florinda bathes in a fountain, which Rodrigo sees. He goes to Florinda’s bedroom at night, and forces himself on her. Rodrigo then abandons her. Florinda writes to her father, angrily calling for revenge on Rodrigo.

Don Julian raises a rebellion against Don Rodrigo. At the battle at Guadalete, Don Julian is victorious against Don Rodrigo, which allows the Moors to enter Spain, fulfilling that part of the curse. Rodrigo becomes a penniless vagrant, and eventually finds shelter with a blind hermit. Florinda eventually discovers Rodrigo there. Rodrigo confesses his sins, and finally dies in Florinda's embrace.

title: Don Rodrigo


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/Line of succession to the British Throne/archive1

Line of succession to the British Throne
Wherein one learns, to quote from the talk page, how the "Norwegian intelligence services would only have to kill 60 people in order to unite the Norwegian and British Crowns". Useful stuff.--Pharos 23:04, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - I so want to support, but there are so many red links. Filiocht | Blarneyman 07:29, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * The ones that should never be articles should simply not be links. - Taxman Talk 19:26, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - I enjoy this article. All the red links are there because most of the people on the list are not noteworthy, they may be the third son of the great grandson of Queen Victoria.  Their only relevance is that they are a cousin of QEII in the Royal line and so are on this list, what else would an article about them say?  The top of the list is well linked, and the article is useful to get to articles about distant family members.  NoSeptember (talk)  16:34, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment – I agree with Filiocht, but also with NoSeptember—there are alot of red links, and that's (usually considered) bad, but here's a list of people that are not notable for anything other than being on this list. Would an article on any of them survive VfD?  If not, perhaps they should not be linked at all.  That's not to say that all the red links on the page should be removed, rather only the people that could never have an article.  But of course, if some were removed and others weren't, then we're looking at a list that's something like 40% blue links, 20% red links, and 40% no links, and that would look a bit strange, I think.  Should the guideline related to the number of red links be edited again? --Spangineer ( háblame ) 18:34, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose no references and too many red links. If those people don't deserve an article, they should be de-linked. Tuf-Kat 01:21, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support reasonable structure, not too many red links at the beginning. The "Family branches of the line of succession" might be shown in the main list as well. -- User:Docu
 * The red links do not worry me too much: I will support if some references are added. -- ALoan (Talk) 12:21, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Object -red links must go. If they aren't important enough to deserve an article then don't link to them. I also worry about keeping this article up to date. There are so many people on this list that I wouldn't be suprised if one of them has died or a had a child by now messing up the line. This link is Broken 01:23, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

SUPPORT: I cannot believe that the red link issue is important. This list is simply factual. The people are on the list because of birth - not because of accomplishment. To the best of my knowledge, it is a unique list and should be a featured part of Wikipedia. It displays extraordinary learning and industry.

 * Just check Elizabeth Ward in the list. It links to Elizabeth Gracen (whose birth name was Elizabeth Ward), but it is NOT the Elizabeth Ward who is in line of succession.  After the first few dozen people on the list, the rest should be de-linked with the exception of notable individuals such as other monarchs.  B Cas 06:59, 17 December 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of fictional bears

List of fictional bears
A classic thorough list.--The_stuart 15:41, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Object - sorry, just don't think this is the sort of list we can feature: there is no way it is (or indeed can be) comprehensive. For example, there are unmentioned bears in the Pullman His Dark Materials books for a start; are you sure there is only one play and three' films with bear in them? It could also do with a short lead section to explain the list, and there are no references. -- ALoan (Talk) 15:52, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Just out of curiosity how could we refrence this kind of list other than saying where each bear came from? --The_stuart 01:31, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * There is more to it than just listing a bunch or works. If it had a good lead section discussing the purpose, occurence, trends, history, etc. of fictional bears, that, at least, would need references. --Dmcdevit 05:50, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Object- no references or lead, and like ALoan, I question its comprehensiveness. --Dmcdevit 17:38, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Object not comprehensive. Off the top of my head I can think of several bears not mentioned...Since we are listing Teddy Bears, where is Radar O'Reilly's teddy bear? I seem to remember a movie about called The Bear several years ago that was somewhere on the line between a nature docementary and narrative story about a young bear being pursued by hunters.  I also remember a movie called The Bears and I.  From my childhood, I remember a book called, I think, The Bears of Big Stream Valley.  Please note that looking up these references and putting them into the list will not fix my objection. You will get over 600 returns on the IMDB if you search for the word "Bear" by character. Granted many of these are human characters with the word Bear in their character names, but not all.  I also don't think that non-humans actors get pages on the IMDB, so bears playing bears woldn't show n this list. Also the vast majority of this list are fictional Bears from English language sources, are there no French Bears, no Native American Bears, no Russian Bears? What about bears in folklore and mythology? In short I believe that is the type of list that can never be featured because of the open ended nature of its subject Dsmdgold 03:29, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object due to the comprehensivity concerns raised above. It needs references, and some content explaining how and why bears occur in fiction. Tuf-Kat 01:21, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment it's a dynamic list and I'm currently suggesting to amend the criteria to not require those to be exhaustive. -- User:Docu
 * This list, though, fails on other counts besides comprehensiveness. It doesn't even have a lead. --Dmcdevit 04:51, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd need to spend some time comparing it to similar lists to support it. In general, I don't think it needs to provide as references as detailed as List of ministers of the environment/Sources. -- User:Docu


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of Ohio county name etymologies/archive1

List of Ohio county name etymologies
Self nom. Comprehensive list of information on Ohio county namesakes. The initial page has some summary information and the actual etymologies are on two separate pages so neither is excessively long. Everything is sourced and I even created stubs on the namesake people who didn't already have articles. PedanticallySpeaking 18:39, May 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * Object - sorry, I think this list should contain the information on List of Ohio county name etymologies, A-K and List of Ohio county name etymologies, L-Z (as a whole, the three lists are excellent, by the way - I just think we need a single article, not three separate articles). -- ALoan (Talk) 15:52, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I separated the material because in the past with other articles, I've gotten complaints because articles were too long. So I can't win either way.  PedanticallySpeaking 18:46, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, first, I don't think the articles are that long (how many kb, combined?); second, the article size limits are less imporatnt that they used to be; and last I don't think the limits were applied to lists anyway. But no, noone ever wins :) -- ALoan (Talk) 23:21, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support though the "Sources" sections should be renamed references and moved to the bottom of the pages.  Also, the "Seems wrong" under "Adams County" should be removed if it is editorial judgement, or it should be cited.  I tend to think the articles should be merged as well, but it's not a big deal.  Size limits used to be much more strictly adhered to -- nowadays, size doesn't matter too much, I think, especially for lists. Tuf-Kat 01:21, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, a thorough list, the only of the few I checked of Category:U.S. county name etymologies that referenced various etymologies. Personally I wouldn't mind having it on one page as well, but I'm sure if you merge them, people will come along telling you to split it ;-). Also, I might have placed the summary/"Analysis" in a table. -- User:Docu
 * Support, although I would prefer to see the three articles combined. The main article is 5.3 KB, while A-K and L-Z are both 11.5 KB, for a total of 28.3 KB which is well below the old 32K limit. Dsmdgold 21:53, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Object, A-K and L-Z need to be included in this list. Even if it were over 32K, for lists, it's not a big deal. --Spangineer (háblame)  12:18, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Will support the version on one page by Docu, though a more standard method of inline citations would be preferable, as would the removal of the "seems wrong" after John Quincy Adams. --Spangineer (háblame)  00:27, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment, here's a version on one page to compare: Talk:List of Ohio county name etymologies/Test. -- User:Docu
 * Yes yes yes! Much better!!  Enthusiastically support!!! -- ALoan (Talk) 18:43, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I, too, prefer the combined version. --Theo (Talk) 20:11, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Filiocht | Blarneyman 12:41, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC) I'd support this if the references section were moved to the bottom of the page. Many users will not want to read the refs, they'll want the meat. Filiocht | Blarneyman 10:51, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you move this to the live version so I can promote it! Apart from Fil's reference comment, the only objections as for the A-K and L-Z lists to be combined. -- ALoan (Talk) 12:08, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Hopefully I did that right; I copied and pasted, removed the Ohio template, moved the references to the bottom of the page, added an explanatory note, and I removed the "seems wrong" comment. The lead's short, but I think this is ready for FL status. --Spangineer (háblame)  12:25, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Excellent - nearly there! The "Analysis of Names" table seemed to be broken - I have fixed it on the assumption that the second column under "counties" should have been headed "plus" and added in some &nbsp; to fill in empty cells so the lines show properly.  I've also moved images to stop the two top images colliding, added alphabetic headings, and a compactTOC. And a modified lead section. -- ALoan (Talk) 14:43, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Given my recent involvement, I'd be grateful if someone else would take a look and promote this if they think my recent changes are ok. -- ALoan (Talk) 21:49, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text: User:Tranlen

title: User:Tranlen


text:
County island

A county island is a small or large portion of an unincorporated area that is within the jurisdiction of a county, usually surrounded by adjacent areas that are incorporated into a municipality. On maps, these geopolitical anomalies will form jagged or complex borders and 'holes' in the city limits. Generally found more frequently in the western United States, county islands form in areas of expansion when previously smaller cities will annex and incorporate more land into their jurisdiction. If residents or landowners in a particular unincorporated area do not vote to incorporate with the surrounding city, the area remains unincorporated. The formation of a county island usually follows stages where it will come into being on the edge of an incorporated area, and as more territory is incorporated, be cut off from the rest of the unincorporated area within the county. These areas are not actually exclaves by definition, because they are simply unincorporated outside of a surrounding city.

Description
Residents in county islands may resist annexation for a variety of reasons. Generally, people living on county islands have agricultural livelihoods which could come under threat if they incorporated; the risk of eminent domain seizure of their land is greater should they incorporate into a city that is quickly enveloping all available land for development in “urban sprawl”. Other times, the real estate of a county island is owned by one or a small number of owners who live elsewhere, and have no interest in annexation, or who intentionally hold onto the land inside a growing metropolitan area to capitalize on land values going up drastically.

Because these patches of land are not incorporated into the city surrounding them, they usually fall under the jurisdiction of the county in which they are located. This can create problems if a county island is itself densely populated; they must rely on the parent county for services such as waste management, fire protection, and policing (with only county police or Sheriff having jurisdiction). Situations which beg the surrounding city to provide emergency services to these unincorporated areas, both in their own self-interest and at the behest of those needing them. Other problems, such as dumping and other illegal activities that occur in county islands, can prove to be a blight on the surrounding areas.

Arizona
County islands are a common feature of the fast-growth communities in fast growing areas with incorporated communities such as the Phoenix and Tucson metro areas. By law, 51% of landowners in an area as well as the city must approve annexation before it can take place.

California
Some county islands are populated places, such as Olive, which is surrounded by Orange. Another common kind of county islands are cemeteries, such as Greenwood Memorial Park, which is surrounded by San Diego.

In some cities with many county islands, such as Fresno and Bakersfield, the nearest fire station is dispatched to an incident regardless of city lines. Also, in these areas, both city police and county sheriff may respond to calls together, but the area they are in will determine who is primary officer and who will take the report.

Colorado
The city of Glendale, Colorado, is one of two areas belonging to Arapahoe County, but surrounded by the City and County of Denver. The other such area, including the neighborhoods of Holly Hills and Holly Ridge, is located just east of I-25 between Iliff Avenue and Hampden Avenue. According to the definition established in the article, Glendale is not precisely a county island because it is a city in its own right. However, the Holly Hills area is a county island.

At the county level, both of these areas are true exclaves because they are portions of one county surrounded by another county.

Illinois
Many county islands were eliminated in Illinois by a 1986 state law that automatically annexed them into the surrounding city. Uniquely among the 22 affected cities, Springfield exercised its home rule powers to retroactively reverse this annexation. As a result Springfield continues to have unincorporated enclaves including the neighborhoods of Laketown and Cabbage Patch.

Illinois also has some incorporated exclaves. Mount Greenwood Cemetery is completely surrounded by the city of Chicago but is incorporated into the neighboring suburb of Merrionette Park.

Tennessee
Memphis surrounds the Bridgewater area of Shelby County, Tennessee, that is subdivision of Cordova, with I-40 as a north boundary, Whitten Road as a west boundary, Shelby Farms Park as a south boundary, and roughly between Appling and Cordova Rd as an east boundary. Memphis attempted to annex the entire area in the 2000s but decided to hold off because of a lack of funding and annexed only the portion between Appling Rd and Germantown Pkwy.

Chattanooga surrounds the St Elmo #2 political district of Hamilton County, Tennessee, which forms non-contiguous county island boundaries (some as small as an individual parcel). Chattanooga does not actively pursue annexation of this area as past attempts have resulted in significant landowner resistance; however, Chattanooga does allow individual landowners to voluntarily join their jurisdiction in exchange for access to city trash and police service; most residential homeowners do not consider this worth the additional 40% property tax burden. Voluntary annexation is usually initiated by business owners within the county, one reason being to lower insurance premiums for certain commercial activities.

Texas
Two county islands exist at the eastern end of Grand Prairie, Texas; the islands house a drag strip and a small speedway which the city has chosen not to annex (as per Texas law the city would then be required to provide law enforcement to them).

title: County island


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of Presidents of the United States/archive1

List of Presidents of the United States
Update: This is now a stand-alone article. Please disregard the introductory comments of the original nomination, which follows below. --MarkSweep 06:16, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

This is an embedded list within the President_of_the_United_States aricle, and, as I had said on the criteria talk page, embedded lists, IMHO, just like other lists, play an important role and should be eligible (there is no specification as of yet, but I think there is general agreement on this matter). In any case, a well-laid out and easy-to-read list (with colors for parties), with references, a good lead section (which is an article in itself), all blue links, and pictures within the article itself. Quite a deserving list. --Dmcdevit 06:06, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Support This is a finite list for which information is readily available and which is both encyclopedic and presents a flavor of the treatment of a very common list for comparison across reference resources. Courtland 04:41, 2005 May 29 (UTC)
 * Object - sorry (oh dear - three objectts : - As I said on the talk page, I don't think we can feature lists unless they are free-standing articles, not embedded in other articles. We would not have a section as a featured article. -- ALoan (Talk) 15:52, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't know how I missed your comment :), I guess I just looked to the bottom. Well I would support a move of the list, per your suggestion, to its own article anyway, as the article is quite long. I'm hesitant to do it myself, because it means we're going to have to make a lead section and references and pictures, etc., also, and this is not my area of expetise. Anyone else want to give it a start? --Dmcdevit 17:35, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Update: It's now a stand-alone list with pictures. --MarkSweep 01:32, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Support now it is a separate article. -- ALoan (Talk) 18:57, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Support as stand alone list. Dsmdgold 01:41, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: the new list needs references and a (better) lead. --Dmcdevit 06:29, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added references from the POTUS article. --MarkSweep 06:53, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: will support if lead is expanded. Support now. Filiocht | Blarneyman 07:29, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC) Filiocht | Blarneyman 14:16, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've expaned the lead paragraphs with what I believe is relevant background information for this list. --MarkSweep 00:16, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - fantastic list, well done--Sophitus 01:31, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to be clear I've stricken my nomination for the old list and am placing my support for the new one here. --Dmcdevit 01:56, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support (see above for reasons)Superm401 | Talk 02:44, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. This meets all the criteria and looks outstanding. --Theo (Talk) 09:20, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. — Paul August ☎ 03:45, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support --Spangineer ( háblame  ) 15:48, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Tuf-Kat 01:21, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, comprehensive list with enough facts. Phoenix2 15:54, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I had wondered whether there was a need for a key to the colours used, but I think it's self-evident. OpenToppedBus - Talk 11:50, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. The list duplicates the embedded one on President_of_the_United_States. -- User:Docu
 * Does President of the United States need its own list? Can't it cross-refer to this list instead? -- ALoan (Talk) 18:14, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I had originally created Template:Presidents of the United States to better coordinate between President of the United States and this list (which was split off during the early phases of this nomination; see comments above). Later I removed the list from President of the United States, but after discussion on its talk page, someone added a slightly different version (without pictures or footnotes, and using a different CSS style) back into the already rather long POTUS article. If you think the duplication is unnecessary, please join the discussion on the POTUS talk page. --MarkSweep 13:54, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Object I am not a US citzen, I have no idea what the colour coding means. - Ta bu shi da yu 02:27, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think the average US citizen would know what the colors mean, since many of the 19th century parties no longer exist and there are no standard conventions one can follow. Rather, it is assumed that people will look at the listed party affiliations and notice that they correspond to certain colors. It's not the case that there is a deeper meaning behind the color scheme that would only be intelligible to US citizens. I was about to say that the colors are self-explanatory in the context of the list, but clearly that's not the case. --MarkSweep 13:54, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Is this an unactionable objection, try as I might, I can think of no way that the nominator can turn TBSDY into an American citizen. Filiocht | Blarneyman 10:48, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hint - there is a corelation between the colour and a president's political party (which is already expressly noted). -- ALoan (Talk) 16:00, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support I like it, although I agree with Ta bu shi da yu that it would be useful to have some brief comments about what the parties mean, jguk 13:44, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Red River campaign

The Red River campaign, also known as the Red River expedition, was a major Union offensive campaign in the Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War, which took place from March 10 to May 22, 1864. It was launched through the densely forested gulf coastal plain region between the Red River Valley and central Arkansas towards the end of the war. The offensive was intended to stop Confederate use of the Louisiana port of Shreveport, open an outlet for the sugar and cotton of northern Louisiana, and to split the Confederate lines, allowing the Union to encircle and destroy the Confederate military forces in Louisiana and southern Arkansas. It marked the last major offensive attempted by the Union in the Trans-Mississippi Theater.

The expedition was a Union military operation, fought between approximately 30,000 federal troops under the command of Major-General Nathaniel P. Banks, and Confederate forces under General E. Kirby Smith, whose strength varied from 6,000 to 15,000. The Battle of Mansfield was a major part of the Union offensive campaign, which ended in defeat for General Banks.

The expedition was primarily the plan of Major General Henry W. Halleck, former General-in-Chief of the Armies of the United States. A diversion from Lieutenant-General Ulysses S. Grant's plan to surround the main Confederate armies by using Banks's Army of the Gulf to capture Mobile, it was characterized by poor planning and mismanagement, and led to bitter enmity between Major-General Richard Taylor and his immediate superior, Kirby Smith, after Smith ordered Taylor to send half of his army to north to Arkansas, rather than south in pursuit of Banks, following the battles of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill.

Union strategy
The Union had four goals at the start of the campaign:
 * 1) Capture of Shreveport, the state capital and headquarters of the Trans-Mississippi Department.
 * 2) Destroy Confederate forces in the District of West Louisiana commanded by General Richard Taylor.
 * 3) Confiscate as much as a hundred thousand bales of cotton from the plantations along Red River.
 * 4) Organize 'pro-Union' state governments throughout the region under Lincoln's "ten percent" plan.

Union strategists in Washington thought that the occupation of east Texas and control of the Red River would separate Texas from the rest of the Confederacy. Texas was the source of much needed guns, food, and supplies for Confederate troops.

Other historians have claimed that the campaign was also motivated by concern regarding the 25,000 French troops in Mexico sent by Napoleon III and under the command of Emperor Maximilian. At the time, the Confederates offered to recognize the government of Maximillian in return for French recognition of the Confederacy; the Confederates also hoped to gain access to valuable war goods through this recognition. However, Banks's campaign on the Texas coast during November and December 1863 had satisfied U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who wrote to Banks, "My thanks for your successful and valuable operations in Texas."

Planning
Halleck's plan, finalized in January 1864, called for Banks to take 20,000 troops up from New Orleans to Alexandria, including the 47th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, the only regiment from the Keystone State to fight in this campaign, on a route up the Bayou Teche (in Louisiana, the term bayou is used to refer to a slow moving river or stream), where they would be met by 15,000 troops sent down from Major-General William T. Sherman's forces in Vicksburg, Mississippi, and under the command of Brigadier-General Andrew J. Smith. Smith's forces were available to Banks only until the end of April, when they would be sent back east where they were needed for other Union military actions.

Banks would command this combined force of 35,000, which would be supported in its march up the Red River towards Shreveport by Rear-Admiral David Dixon Porter's fleet of gunboats. At the same time, 7,000 Union troops from the Department of Arkansas under the command of Major-General Frederick Steele would be sent south from Arkansas to rendezvous with Banks in his attack on Shreveport, and to serve as the garrison for that city after its capture.

This plan was ready to be set in action in early March 1864, after somewhat belated communication initiated by Banks to inform Sherman and Porter of their roles in Halleck's strategy. Banks sent Sherman, Halleck, and Porter a report prepared by Major David Houston clearly showing the near impossibility of maintaining an occupation in Shreveport and east Texas without major resources. Most of Banks' men, accompanied by a large, poorly trained, cavalry force would march north toward the middle river. Banks would allow cotton speculators to come along, and Porter was bringing barges to collect cotton as lucrative naval prizes.

Senior staff officers of the Confederate States Army were confused as to whether the Red River region, Mobile Bay, or coastal Texas was the primary objective of the Union army spring 1864 campaign. General E. Kirby Smith, commanding general of the Trans-Mississippi Department, nevertheless started moving many of his troops to the Shreveport area.

Union
The Union order of battle at the start of the campaign was as follows:
 * Department of the Gulf
 * Major-General Nathaniel P. Banks
 * 19th Army Corps (Major-General William B. Franklin)
 * Detachment of the 13th Army Corps (Brigadier-General Thomas E. G. Ransom)
 * Detachment of the 16th and 17th Army Corps (Brigadier-General Andrew J. Smith)
 * Department of Arkansas (Major-General Frederick Steele)
 * Artillery Reserve (Captain Henry W. Closson)
 * Cavalry Division (Brigadier-General Albert L. Lee)
 * 1st Brigade,  Corps D'Afrique  (Colonel William H. Dickey)
 * Mississippi Squadron (Rear-Admiral David D. Porter)

Confederate
The Confederate order of battle at the start of the campaign was as follows:
 * Trans-Mississippi Department
 * General E. Kirby Smith
 * District of West Louisiana (Major-General Richard Taylor)
 * Walker's Division (Brigadier-General John G. Walker)
 * Mouton's Division (Brigadier-General Alfred Mouton)
 * Sub-District of North Louisiana (Brigadier-General St. John R. Liddell)
 * Cavalry Division (Brigadier-General Thomas Green)
 * Detachment of the District of Arkansas (Brigadier-General Thomas J. Churchill)
 * Missouri Division (Brigadier-General M. M. Parsons)
 * Arkansas Division (Brigadier-General James C. Tappan)

The campaign
Major-General William B. Franklin, commanding the advance divisions of Banks's Army of the Gulf, began his march from southern Louisiana on March 10. Meanwhile, A. J. Smith and his two corps detachments traveled via boat from Vicksburg down to Simmesport. After an all-night march, Smith's men surprised and captured Fort DeRussy on the Red River on March 14, capturing 317 Confederate prisoners and the only heavy guns available to the Confederates. This signaled the beginning of the expedition. Admiral Porter was then able to remove a giant raft blocking the river without much difficulty. Taylor was forced to retreat, abandoning Alexandria, and ceding south and central Louisiana to the Union forces.

A. J. Smith's force arrived at Alexandria on March 20, 1864, intending to rendezvous with Banks's forces, under the immediate command of Franklin. However, Franklin did not arrive at Alexandria until March 25, 1864, and Banks himself, travelling separately from his troops, did not arrive at Alexandria until March 26, 1864. Banks' failure to arrive in a timely manner for his rendezvous with Smith was the first of many logistical miscues that caused much acrimony between Banks and his subordinates during the expedition. While he waited for Banks to arrive, Smith sent Brigadier-General Joseph A. Mower on a successful mission to capture much of Taylor's cavalry and his outpost upriver from Alexandria at the Battle of Henderson's Hill on March 21. Nearly 250 Confederates and a four-gun artillery battery were captured without a shot being fired.

When he arrived at Alexandria, Banks found an important message waiting for him. Two weeks earlier, on March 12, 1864, Lieutenant-General Ulysses S. Grant had been named General-in-Chief of the Armies of the United States, replacing Halleck. In Grant's message, he told Banks it was "important that Shreveport be taken as soon as possible," because A. J. Smith's command must be returned to Sherman by the middle of April, "even if it leads to the abandonment of the main object of your expedition."

Kirby Smith had nearly 80,000 men to call upon, but was undecided where to move them to counter the three Union forces now known to be moving toward Shreveport. Taylor would never fight with more than 18,500 men throughout the entire campaign.

By March 31, Banks's men had reached Natchitoches, only 65 miles south of Shreveport. Franklin's men had been delayed most of a week by rain, but it had not mattered because Admiral Porter had a similar delay trying to get his heaviest gunboats over the falls at Alexandria, which was covered with mines because the river had failed to achieve its seasonal rise in water level. Porter had also spent time gathering cotton in the interior, and Banks had conducted an election in the interim. Taylor now stationed himself 25 miles northwest at Pleasant Hill, still with fewer than 20,000 men. Once Banks had assembled more supplies, he continued advancing a week later.

Constant cavalry and naval skirmishing had been going on since March 21. On April 2, Brigadier-General Albert L. Lee's division of Union cavalry collided with 1,500 arriving Confederate Texas cavalrymen. These Confederates would continue to resist any Union advance. Union intelligence, meanwhile, had determined that there were additional forces besides Taylor and the cavalry up the road from them. All of the senior Union officers expressed doubts that there would be any serious Confederate opposition, except for the naval flotilla. Banks' army followed Taylor and the cavalry into a dense pine forest area away from the river, probably to keep them in their front. Approaching Pleasant Hill, the Union army was excessively strung out due both to the existence of only a few camping areas with water and the lack of monitoring of the position of the rear elements. Taylor kept moving back toward Shreveport.

Battle of Mansfield
Heavy cavalry fighting, often dismounted, had continued on April 7 at Wilson's Farm and Tenmile Bayou. On April 8, Lee boldly charged a small force of Confederate cavalry at the Moss Plantation, three miles south of Mansfield, Louisiana, and pushed the Confederate horsemen off Honeycutt Hill. Taylor had stationed one infantry division (led by Brigadier-General Alfred Mouton) in the woods along the edge of the clearing just north of Honeycutt Hill and east of the road. Seeing this increase in enemy strength, Lee requested infantry support. Landram's 2,400-man division of the 13th Corps was sent to Lee's aid and deployed to face Mouton. Banks went to the front to see for himself. Meanwhile, Taylor brought up a second infantry division (Walker's) to the woods on the other side of the road in the middle of the day. The arrival of Walker's division gave Taylor a numerical edge – he had about 9,000 men; Banks had about 5,000 men. More significantly, the Union deployment was aligned to its right, facing Mouton, with only a cavalry brigade holding the left wing.

Taylor had hoped to provoke Banks into attacking him, but following an artillery duel, he became convinced that the Union army was in disarray and would not attack. Around 4 p.m., Taylor ordered the attack to begin. Mouton led his infantry across an 800-yard wide field and attacked the Union right, formed behind a rail fence. While Mouton's assault was repulsed by Landram's infantry, Taylor advanced the rest of his entire line, including Walker's division, against the Union left. Walker's men brushed aside the lone cavalry brigade, sweeping in behind the rest of the Union forces. Banks had called for additional reinforcements, but they were too late. The Union line collapsed and a significant number of men from Landram's division were captured. A few hundred yards down the road, the reinforcements – Cameron's division – set up a second line, but this line also broke when faced with Taylor's superior numbers. The wagon train of the Union cavalry obstructed the road, resulting in the loss of artillery which could not be extracted in the retreat. However, Confederate soldiers halted to loot some of the Union wagons, giving Banks' troops needed time to fall back.

As Confederate command and control was reestablished for the pursuit, the men ran into a third Union force, under Brigadier-General William H. Emory, about 5,800 men sitting atop a ridge overlooking Chatman's Bayou. The Confederates pushed forward, but Emory's division repulsed attempts to take this location. However, the Union forces did not have control of the precious water in the bayou. During the night, Banks decided to withdraw back to Pleasant Hill because of lack of water and the desire to unite with A. J. Smith's men.

The Battle of Mansfield was over. The Federals suffered approximately 2,400 casualties, almost half of which were from Landram's division – two of his eight regiments were captured in the battle, and both of his brigade commanders were wounded and captured. The Confederates suffered about 1,000 casualties, including Mouton, who was killed leading his men in the opening charge.

Battle of Pleasant Hill
Taylor did not learn of Banks's retreat until dawn the next day; he then ordered an immediate pursuit with Brigadier-General Thomas Green's cavalry. When they came upon Banks' line of battle near the town of Pleasant Hill, Taylor had the cavalry retreat a mile and wait for the infantry to arrive, which started arriving shortly after noon. Since the infantry had marched forty five miles in thirty-six hours, Taylor let them rest for two hours before ordering an attack.

At 4 p.m. the next day, Confederate Brigadier-General Thomas J. Churchill's arriving infantry started the attack on the Union forces. Churchill thought he was sending them into the Union flank, but it was actually the center. Confederate cavalry also miscalculated positions and suffered heavily from flank fire. Churchill's men did succeed in collapsing this Union center position, but this also brought his men into the middle of a U-shaped position, with A. J. Smith's unused divisions forming the base of the "U". Though part of the advanced Union right had also collapsed, the forces of Smith and Mower next launched a counterattack and, joined by neighboring regiments, they routed Taylor's men from the vicinity of Pleasant Hill. Some cannon were recaptured.

Short of water and feed for the horses, not knowing where his supply boats were, and receiving divided opinions from his senior officers, Banks ordered a rapid retreat downriver to Natchitoches and Grand Ecore. Both sides at the Battle of Pleasant Hill suffered roughly equal casualties of 1,600. It was a tactical victory for the Federals, but a strategic Confederate one because the Union army retreated following the battle.

More than 2,000 Union soldiers were captured during the battles of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, many of whom were marched to Camp Ford near Tyler, Texas, where they were held until their release during subsequent prisoner exchanges between the Union and Confederate armies, or until their deaths there from disease or malnutrition.

Splitting of General Taylor's command
On the river, the Confederates had diverted water into a tributary, causing the already low Red River level to fall further. When Admiral Porter, slowly heading upriver, learned that Banks was retreating, he followed suit. There was a brief engagement near Blair's Landing on April 12, in which General Green was decapitated by a naval shell. At Grand Ecore near Natchitoches, Banks received confidential orders from Grant to move the army to New Orleans. The river also continued to fall, and all the supply boats had to return downriver. Sensing that they were involved in a perceived defeat, Banks's relations deteriorated with the cantankerous A. J. Smith and the Navy and with most of the other generals as well.

General Kirby Smith decided to take three infantry divisions from Major-General Richard Taylor and lead them north into Arkansas to crush Steele's army, despite Taylor's strong protests they should be used against Banks. General Steele would never make it to Shreveport, due to supply difficulties and fights with Confederates. The Camden Expedition ended with the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry and Steele retreating to Little Rock. Smith left Taylor with one infantry division and the cavalry with which to continue to harass Banks. Learning that some of Taylor's 5,000 men had gotten south of him and that the fleet had left for Alexandria, Banks ordered a retreat from Grand Ecore. At the Battle of Monett's Ferry on April 23, some of Banks's forces crossed the Cane River on the Confederate flank and forced a division of Confederate cavalry under Brigadier-General Hamilton P. Bee to flee. The rest of the march to Alexandria was unremarkable, but Porter ran into a delaying ambush at the mouth of Cane River after he tarried to blow up the stuck USS Eastport (1862).

Banks's retreat
At Alexandria, relations between Banks and many of the others deteriorated further. Each side sent exaggerated accounts to friendly newspapers and supporters. Major-General John A. McClernand arrived with reinforcements from Texas, and he had also previously had poor relations with A. J. Smith and Porter. Smith obeyed only those orders he wanted to obey.

Porter could not get many of his ironclads over the falls at Alexandria. Colonel Joseph Bailey designed Bailey's Dam, to which Banks soon gave night-and-day attention. Several boats got through before a partial dam collapse. An extra upriver dam provided additional water depth, allowing the march to resume. When the Federals left Alexandria, the town went up in flames, the origins of which are disputed. Because the Confederates had already burned most of the cotton, many speculators at Alexandria were disappointed.

Taylor attempted to fool the Union command into believing many more men were present, but he did not try to stop the dam construction. He did shut down the lower river by attacking boats. Yet though General Taylor had promised to prevent the escape of the Federals, he could not do so. He blamed Kirby Smith for lack of support. En route to the Mississippi, an engagement at Mansura on May 16 was fought with almost no casualties. Yellow Bayou, the final conflict of the campaign, took place on May 18 with significant casualties in a burning forest. Transport ships were lashed together to allow Union forces to cross the wide Atchafalaya River. General Banks, on arrival near the Mississippi, was met by Brigadier-General Edward Canby, who had been named Banks's superior in a newly created regional department.

Aftermath
The expedition was a Union failure, the outcome of which did not have a major impact on the war. Conversely, it may have extended the length of the war by several months, as it diverted Union efforts from the far more important objective of capturing Mobile, Alabama. That event did not occur until 1865, and could probably have been accomplished by June 1864 if not for the Red River campaign.

The failure of the expedition effectively ended the military career of Banks, and controversy surrounding his retreat, the presence of cotton speculators and the use of military boats to remove cotton dogged his early postbellum congressional campaigns. Admiral Porter realized a substantial sum of money during the expedition from the sale of cotton as prizes of war.

The Confederates lost two key commanders, Mouton and Green, and suffered casualties they could not afford. Perhaps more importantly, relations between the aggressive Taylor and cautious Smith were permanently damaged by their disagreement over Smith's decision to remove half of Taylor's troops following the Battle of Pleasant Hill. The lost opportunity to capture the entire Union fleet as it lay helpless above the falls at Alexandria haunted Taylor to his dying day; he was certain that Smith had robbed him a chance to cripple the Union forces. The arguments between the two generals resulted in Taylor's transfer to command of the Department of East Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama soon after the campaign ended.

title: Red River campaign


text:
User:Pjanini1

I am a chemistry student at Georgia State University. I have previously worked on the synthesis of novel DNA binders. I am currently working in an analytical chemistry lab.

Areas of Knowledge

 * Chemistry
 * Music
 * Literature
 * Military History
 * Knots
 * Wilderness Survival
 * epee fencing

title: User:Pjanini1


text:
Piero Rodarte

Piero Rodarte is a race car driver born in Mexico on November 30, 1983.

Rodarte competed in Karting in Mexico, winning several National Championships including the Formula Super A championship, from there he moved to race Formula Reynard in Mexico winning the championship in 1999. In 2000, He raced the USFF2000, having a lot of top 5s and finishing 3rd place at Indianapolis at the famous Night Before the 500, in 2001 he continued to race the USFF2000, having pole positions, several top 3's and victories, been the most important the one at the Night Before the 500 in Indianapolis. For 2002 Barber Dodge Pro Series, finishing 12th in the final standings, after a not very lucky season in Barber Dodge, in 2003 he was hired in Mexico by Chrysler to drive for the official Mopar Neon team, winning the Neon Challenge Championship. In 2004 he raced  the F3 Winter Cup in Spain, having a great race, and fighting for the overall win at the rain with Nico Rosberg (now in F1), he finished 3rd,  and in 2005 returned to motorsport with the Spanish Formula Three Championship team ECA having several pole positions and victories, he ended the season in 3rd place even though he started the season at the third race due to the lack of sponsors and budget to complete the whole season. Now he is retired from professional racing and Piero owns a Formula Renault Team in Mexico and combines this with driver coaching in the US, and with his duties as a professional airplane pilot. Piero is now head engineer for Campos racing at F4 Spanish Championship and at the European F3 Championship.

American Open-Wheel racing results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest race lap)

title: Piero Rodarte


text:
Talk:Marty Booker

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title: Talk:Marty Booker


text:
Estadio Morelos

Estadio Morelos is a football stadium located along Periférico Independencia, in the Independencia sector, near the base of Cerro del Quinceo in northwest Morelia, Michoacán, México. It is the site of professional football teams, it currently is the site of Atlético Morelia in the Liga de Expansión MX, Mexico's second division. It used to host Monarcas Morelia in the top division of Mexican football and Monarcas Primera A in the league under that. This structure holds various events, such as concerts, religious gatherings, and mass. Its official name Estadio José María Morelos y Pavón honors a hero of the Mexican War of Independence.

The stadium has an irregular shape, because the areas behind the goals only have one level and 32 rows, along the side there are 4 levels (one grandstand, one other seating area and two box areas) and 49 stands.

According to the Monarcas Morelia website, the capacity of the stadium is 35,000.

History
The city of Morelia before the existence of this structure, counted on the Estadio Venustiano Carranza as the home of first division side, Atlético Morelia. In 1984, two years before the 1986 FIFA World Cup held in Mexico, it was officially announced that Morelia would be one of the sites for the tournament, and a scale model of the new stadium was shown, very similar in capacity and structure to the Estadio Corregidora of Santiago de Querétaro, and would be located in the Southeast of the city, on the current grounds of the sport unit of Adolfo López Mateos. Excavation work soon began but problems in the foundation led to the suspension of the work and no other sites were sought. The World Cup site was transferred to the Estadio Sergio León Chavez, in Irapuato.

Following the league tournaments of 1986–1987 1987–1988, despite not reaching the finals, the local side put on 2 brilliant displays in the liguilla. Demand for the new structure resurged. A group of Michoacán businessmen led by Luis Álvarez Barreiro, and with support from the new governor, Luis Martínez Villicaña, created a pro-construction sponsorship which was financed privately by ticket sales. At the conclusion of the construction, the sponsorship was handed over to the state of Michoacán. The stadium was one of the venues for the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup.

On February 16, 2016, during his first visit to Mexico, Pope Francis spoke to an estimated 50,000 young people at the stadium.

title: Estadio Morelos


text:
File:H2G2 PrimaryPhase CD 1996 front.jpg

Scan of the front cover of the three-CD set for The Primary Phase of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series). Released by the BBC in 1996.

Fair use rationale

 * 1) This image is only being used in the article about the 1978-1980 radio series for informational and educational purposes.
 * 2) It is a low-resolution image, in an inferior graphics format (JPEG).
 * 3) The image is from an out-of-print release of the compact discs, and is now rare.
 * 4) It is not believed that this image will interfere with the rights of Douglas Adams's estate, or his current publishers, in the sales of recordings of the radio series.
 * 5) It is also not believed that the use of this image will infringe upon the rights of BBC Worldwide.


text:
Talk:Joe Borowski (politician)

should there be a link at the top of this page noting the chicago cubs pitcher of the same name....?

I'm not familiar with that Borowski, but I won't object if someone else were to write a page on him + create a disamb. page. CJCurrie 03:41, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Citations... The entire article only cites one single source, and there are very few citations throughout much of it, from things like Borowski's appointment being "surprising" to derogatory comments that were made, etc etc etc. Shouldn't there be a warning at the top of the article that the page comes mostly from a single source or lacks citations? --Balleyne (talk) 17:02, 13 May 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joe Borowski (politician)


text:
File:H2G2 SecondaryPhase CD 1996 front.jpg

Scan of the front cover of the three-CD set for The Secondary Phase of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series). Released by the BBC in 1996.

Fair use rationale

 * 1) This image is only being used in the article about the 1978-1980 radio series for informational and educational purposes.
 * 2) It is a low-resolution image, in an inferior graphics format (JPEG).
 * 3) The image is from an out-of-print release of the compact discs, and is now rare.
 * 4) It is not believed that this image will interfere with the rights of Douglas Adams's estate, or his current publishers, in the sales of recordings of the radio series.
 * 5) It is also not believed that the use of this image will infringe upon the rights of BBC Worldwide.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Todd Tillett

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:29, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Todd Tillett
Appears to be completely non-notable. A google search yields only 4 results, and the name is not found on IMdB. The first result on google can be ruled out as being related to this article: the age doesn't make sense considering the fact that this guy was born in 1984. -Frazzydee|✍ 23:00, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. DS1953 00:57, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted, substub of little use. -- Infrogmation 02:06, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Siegmund~enwiki

place holder

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Siegmund. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Siegmund~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:59, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:51, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Siegmund~enwiki


text:
Shōtōkai

Shotokai (松濤會) is the organisation formed originally in 1930 by master Gichin Funakoshi to teach and spread the art of karate-Do. Nowadays, the name also designates a formal practice method.

Origins
Shotokai is not an official style of karate. Shotokai is the name of the association launched by Gichin Funakoshi originally in 1930. The original name was Dai Nihon Karate-do Kenkyukai. The association is known in Japan as Dai Nihon Karate-do Shotokai since 1936. Shotokan is the name of its Honbu Dojo (main practicing hall). Gichin Funakoshi's karate style is also known as Shotokan ryu.

After Master Funakoshi died 26 April 1957 in Tokyo, according to the wishes of Master Funakoshi's oldest son, Giei, the Shotokai (seniors were Genshin Hironishi and Shigeru Egami) was to conduct the funeral. The JKA / Kyokai led by Masatoshi Nakayama protested that they should be the ones to conduct the funeral. No agreement could be reached and JKA / Kyokai boycotted the funeral. This created a rift in Shotokan which continues to the present.

The name derives from Shoto, the pen name which Funakoshi used to sign his poems, literally translated as "pine leaves". Kai means "group" or 'method'; therefore, Shotokai is translated as "Shoto's group" or "Shoto's method." Shotokai's most prominent masters are Gichin Funakoshi with his top students Giko (Yoshitaka) Funakoshi, Genshin (Motonobu) Hironishi, Tadao Okuyama and Shigeru Egami.

At Funakoshi's death in 1957, his students split into several factions: on one side was a group known as Nihon Karate Kyokai (Japan Karate Association, JKA) and on another side the Shotokai Association. One of the largest issues between them was the question of whether competitions were to be introduced or not.

Although Shotokai is the name of Shotokan Karate association, it has a defined practice method widely known as Shotokai Karate. Master Shigeru Egami defined the broad outlines of the new way of practising that he developed after having, in a number of tests, thought and concluded there was some inefficiency of the karate method developed by other schools until that time.

After years of research, Egami found an efficient way of striking by executing the movement in a relaxed state of mind and body. This is the basis of Shotokai. It focuses on suppleness and relaxation, as opposed to tenseness that generates force. Elaborating this basic idea, he suggested new forms of techniques and a new way of practising.

Shotokai refrains from competition because its founding master Gichin Funakoshi, who was also a Confucianist philosopher and a teacher, used to say that there are no contests in Karate. Master Egami wrote: "First of all, we must practise Karate like a combat technique and then, with time and experience, we will be able to understand a certain state of soul and will be able to open ourselves to the horizons of 'jita-ittai' (the union of one with the other) which lay beyond fighting. This is the principle of coexistence which enables us to live together in prosperity."

Shotokai is the keeper of Gichin Funakoshi's Karate heritage, and has for example republished his books for many years. It has also kept the art of Shotokan Karate weaponry (primarily the traditional weapon of okinawan bojutsu, or Bō/kon in Japanese) within practice schedule.

Master instructors
Gichin Funakoshi (1868–1957)

Isao Obata (1904–1976)

Takeshi Shimoda (1901–1934)

Gigō Funakoshi (1906–1945), Gichin's third son, also known as Yoshitaka Funakoshi or Waka Sensei (the young master).

Shigeru Egami (1912–1981) Shigeru Egami was the chief instructor of the Shotokan Dojo 1976–1981.

Motonobu Hironishi (1913–1999), studied under Gichin and Yoshitaka. He was the president of the Shotokai 1962–1995.

Tadao Okuyama (1918–2006)

Toshio Watanabe (1918-2018)

Matsuo Shibuya (1925-)

Hiroshi Noguchi

Jotaro Takagi (1927–2016), was the chairman of the Shotokai in Tokyo from 1995.

Mitsusuke Harada (1928–2021), studied under Gichin and Yoshitaka Funakoshi. He received his fifth dan from Gichin Funakoshi in 1956.

Tetsuji Murakami (1927–1987)

Ayahito Sugimoto ( 1932–2005)

Sadaharu Honda (1939-)

Atsuo Hiruma (1941–)

Tomoji Miyamoto (1945–)

Kenjiro Kawanabe (1931–)

The style
Shotokai Karate differs much from other Shotokan karate branches (JKA, SKI, ITKF, SKA, etc.) in that it emphasizes spiritual practice over competitive tournaments. The traditional 15 forms or kata proposed by G. Funakoshi are practiced in the same way as in other forms of karate, although Shotokai often emphasizes smooth, flowing movements rather than the sharp, snappy, rigid movements of other styles, which does not mean that the style is gentle but rather it believes that an effective hand or foot strike resides in "decontraction". Sparring or Kumite in some Shotokai schools is often practiced with full strength attacks, and it is tightly controlled in terms of who is attacking and defending, and the attacks that can be performed in order to reduce the chance of injury. The essence of Shoto-Kai karate is found in the tactic of "sen no sen" - "irimi". This is the ability to predict an opponent's intent and entering into his attack, anticipating it; thus catching the opponent very early. A seasoned practitioner should be able to predict the opponent's intentions often before there is any visible movement, which is the ultimate fulfillment of Funakoshi's statement that stated: 'there is no first attack' in karate. The emphasis on "sen no sen" tactics is a profound and distinguishing element of Shoto Kai practice.

title: Shōtōkai


text:
Amha Records

Amha Records was an Ethiopian record label founded by Amha Eshete. The company released 103 singles and 12 albums between 1969 and 1975.

Prominent singers and musicians who recorded for the label included Alemayehu Eshete, Bizunesh Bekele, Mahmoud Ahmed, Hirut Bekele, Mulatu Astatke and Tilahun Gessesse.

title: Amha Records


text: User talk:81.134.153.235

title: User talk:81.134.153.235


text:
Estadio Victoria

Estadio Victoria is sports stadium in the Mexican city of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes. The stadium opened in 2003 and has a capacity of 23,000 seats. Although the stadium is capable of multi-use, its main use is for soccer games. It is the home stadium of football Club Necaxa, which played in Mexico City at the Estadio Azteca before relocating to Aguascalientes and Estadio Victoria. The stadium is named after a leading brand of beer brewed by Grupo Modelo.

History
Club Necaxa plays at the Estadio Victoria. The first football match at the Estadio Victoria on July 29, 2003, saw Necaxa against Guadalajara and Mexico's national team winning 8–0 over Dominica. Club León had a dispute for its stadium, and is currently playing in the stadium. Their first match here ended 3–2 against Club América.

Casa Club, Necaxa's training facilities in Aguascalientes holds sub-17, sub-20, and Amateur soccer try-outs every year. The club offers other competitive sports such as, basketball, volleyball, and swimming.

Concerts

 * Maná - December 7, 2003 & February 24, 2008
 * Luis Miguel - March 21, 2006
 * Shakira - May 11, 2007
 * Juanes - October 25, 2008

title: Estadio Victoria


text:
Éthiopiques

Éthiopiques is a series of compact discs featuring Ethiopian singers and musicians. Many of the CDs compile songs from various singles and albums that Amha Records, Kaifa Records and Philips-Ethiopia released during the 1960s and 1970s in Ethiopia. Prominent singers and musicians from this era appearing on Éthiopiques releases include Alemayehu Eshete, Asnaketch Worku, Mahmoud Ahmed, Mulatu Astatke and Tilahun Gessesse. However, some other releases contain new recordings.

Overview
The Paris-based world music record label Buda Musique began the Éthiopiques series in 1997 and initially compiled Ethiopian popular music releases from the 1960s and 1970s. Some of the subsequent CDs focus on traditional music, while others highlight individual musicians or specific styles. As of 2017, there have been 30 releases. None of the CDs feature modern-day synthesizer-based Ethiopian pop music. Francis Falceto is the producer of the series.

Some songs from Éthiopiques Volume 4 were featured in the Jim Jarmusch film Broken Flowers.

Discography

 * (1998) Éthiopiques Volume 1: The Golden Years of Modern Ethiopian Music, various artists
 * (1998) Éthiopiques Volume 2: Tètchawèt! Urban Azmaris of the 90s, various artists
 * (1998) Éthiopiques Volume 3: Golden Years of Modern Ethiopian Music, various artists
 * (1998) Éthiopiques Volume 4: Ethio Jazz & Musique Instrumentale, 1969–1974, Mulatu Astatke
 * (1999) Éthiopiques Volume 5: Tigrigna Music, various artists
 * (1999) Éthiopiques Volume 6: Almaz, Mahmoud Ahmed
 * (1999) Éthiopiques Volume 7: Ere Mela Mela, Mahmoud Ahmed
 * (2000) Éthiopiques Volume 8: Swinging Addis, various artists
 * (2001) Éthiopiques Volume 9, Alemayehu Eshete
 * (2002) Éthiopiques Volume 10: Tezeta - Ethiopian Blues & Ballads, various artists
 * (2002) Éthiopiques Volume 11: The Harp of King David, Alemu Aga
 * (2003) Éthiopiques Volume 12: Konso Music and Songs, various artists
 * (2003) Éthiopiques Volume 13: Ethiopian Groove, various artists
 * (2003) Éthiopiques Volume 14: Negus of Ethiopian Sax, Getatchew Mekurya
 * (2003) Éthiopiques Volume 15: Jump to Addis, various artists
 * (2003) Éthiopiques Volume 16: The Lady with the Krar, Asnaketch Worku
 * (2004) Éthiopiques Volume 17, Tilahun Gessesse
 * (2004) Éthiopiques Volume 18: Asguèbba! various artists
 * (2005) Éthiopiques Volume 19: Alemye, Mahmoud Ahmed
 * (2005) Éthiopiques Volume 20: Live in Addis, Either/Orchestra with Mulatu Astatke, Getatchew Mekurya, Tsedenia G. Markos, Bahta Hewet, Michael Belayneh
 * (2006) Éthiopiques Volume 21: Ethiopia Song, Emahoy Tsegué-Maryam Guèbrou
 * (2007) Éthiogroove (DVD): Mahmoud Ahmed & Either/Orchestra, with Tsedenia G. Markos
 * (2007) Éthiopiques Volume 22: Alèmayèhu Eshèté, featuring Girma Bèyènè
 * (2007) Éthiopiques Volume 23: Orchestra Ethiopia
 * (2007) The Very Best of Éthiopiques: Hypnotic Grooves from the Legendary Series
 * (2009) Éthiopiques Volume 24: Golden Years of Modern Ethiopian Music 1969–1975
 * (2009) Éthiopiques Volume 25: Modern Roots 1971–1975
 * (2010) Éthiopiques Volume 26: Mahmoud Ahmed & His Imperial Bodyguard Band 1972-74
 * (2010) Éthiopiques Volume 27: Centennial of the First Ethiopian Recordings, Azmari Tèssèma Eshèté 1910
 * (2011) The Very Best of Éthiopiques: Cult Hits from the Original Series
 * (2013) Éthiopiques Volume 28: Great Oromo Music, Ali Mohammed Birra
 * (2014) Éthiopiques Volume 29: Mastawesha, Kassa Tessema
 * (2017) Éthiopiques Volume 30: "Mistakes On Purpose", Girma Bèyènè & Akalé Wubé

title: Éthiopiques


text:
User:Hashc0de

Hi, I'm Abhay Kumar. I'm currently live in San Francisco and work for Powerset, Inc. I have lived in New York, NY and Garden City South, NY (my hometown). I have worked for Swivel, Inc. and Kaplan, Inc. and am formerly a student of New York University

My Blog: Open Synapse

title: User:Hashc0de


text:
Bomarzo (opera)

Bomarzo  is an opera in two acts by the Argentinian composer Alberto Ginastera, his Opus 34. He set a Spanish libretto by Manuel Mujica Laínez, based on his 1962 novel about the 16th-century Italian eccentric Pier Francesco Orsini.

The opera makes use of twelve-tone techniques, quarter tones – primarily in the harp parts – and controlled stochastic textures of non-synchronous repetitions of motifs and cells. Published by Boosey & Hawkes, New York, the work's two acts encompass a prelude and 15 scenes. Pola Suarez Urtubey has published an analysis of the opera with an outline of the dramatic structure.

Productions
The opera had its world premiere at the Opera Society of Washington, Washington D.C., on 19 May 1967. The same production was first given at New York City Opera on 14 March 1968. The work had been scheduled for its first performance in Argentina on 4 August 1967 at the Teatro Colón, but the Argentine de facto president, Juan Carlos Onganía, had banned the production, objecting to the sexual content of the story. The first performance in Argentina did not occur until 1972, with the composer in attendance.

The first UK production was by the English National Opera on 3 November 1976, in an English translation by Lionel Salter.

The first production in Spain was at the Teatro Real, Madrid, on 24 April 2017 with John Daszak in the title role, as a joint production by Pierre Audi with the Dutch National Opera.

Roles

 * Pier Francesco Orsini, Duke of Bomarzo (tenor)
 * Girolamo, elder brother of Pier Francesco (baritone)
 * Maerbale, younger brother of Pier Francesco (baritone)
 * Bomarzo's father (bass)
 * Diana Orsini, Bomarzo's grandmother (contralto)
 * Pantasilea, courtesan of Florence (mezzo-soprano)
 * Julia Farnese, the Duke's wife (soprano)
 * Silvio de Narni, alchemist to the Duke (baritone)
 * Abul, slave to Bomarzo (silent role)
 * Nicolás, nephew to Bomarzo (tenor or alto)
 * A messenger (baritone)
 * A shepherd (boy soprano)
 * Pier Francesco, Girolamo and Maerbale as children (child speakers)
 * A skeleton (dancer)

Synopsis
Pier Francesco Orsini, the Duke of Bomarzo, a stunted hunchback, drinks what his astrologer Silvio de Narni claims to be a magic potion that will grant the Duke immortality. However, the drink turns out to be poisoned. After the poison starts to work, Bomarzo begins to recall his life in a series of flashbacks.

His father drags the young Pier Francesco into a room where a large skeleton dances and haunts him. Later, his father falls in battle. In Florence, the young, virginal Pier Francesco goes to see to the courtesan Pantasilea. However, he sees his image in her room of mirrors, to his disturbance.

Pier Francesco's brother Girolamo falls from a cliff and dies, and Pier Francesco becomes the new Duke of Bomarzo. He meets Julia Farnese, who prefers Bomarzo's brother Maerbale, to his anger. At a dance festival, the Duke experiences various dreams. While courting Julia, he spills a glass of red wine on her dress, which he interprets as a premonition of death.

Bomarzo and Julia eventually marry, but Bomarzo then becomes impotent. As time passes, the Duke creates large stone sculptures on his estate, symbolic of his tortured feelings. He starts to think that Julia is betraying him with Maerbale. The Duke orders his slave Abul to kill his brother.

The astrologer Silvio mixes the magic potion as Bomarzo's nephew Nicolás watches. Nicolás then poisons the drink. After he drinks the potion, the Duke dies.

Recording

 * CBS 32 310006: Salvador Novoa, Isabel Penagos, Joanna Simon, Claramae Turner, Brent Ellis, Richard Torigi, Michael Devlin; Joaquin Romaguera; Chorus and Orchestra of the Washington Opera Society; Julius Rudel, conductor, 1967

title: Bomarzo (opera)