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WWL (AM)

WWL (870 kHz) is an AM radio station in New Orleans, Louisiana, owned by Audacy, Inc.  WWL and 105.3 WWL-FM simulcast a news/talk format with sports talk at night. The studios are in the 400 Poydras Tower in the New Orleans Central Business District.

WWL is a clear-channel, Class A station. It is powered at 50,000 watts, the maximum for commercial AM stations in the U.S. It uses a directional antenna with a two-tower array. The transmitter is in the Jean Lafitte National Historical Park in Estelle, Louisiana. The daytime signal provides at least secondary coverage to large parts of the Gulf Coast, with city-grade coverage reaching as far east as Pensacola, Florida, and as far west as Lafayette, Louisiana. At night it can be heard across much of the central and southern United States.

WWL is the Louisiana Primary Entry Point for the Emergency Alert System (EAS). With sister station 101.9 WLMG, it is responsible for activation of the Southeast Louisiana EAS plan.

News - Talk
The weekday schedule features news and talk programming mornings and early afternoons, shifting to sports talk and live play-by-play after 4 pm. All weekday programming from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. is hosted by local WWL personalities and reporters. The only nationally syndicated programs are Infinity Sports Network shows at 8 pm, family finances expert Dave Ramsey at 1 a.m. and This Morning, America's First News with Gordon Deal, at 4 am.

Weekend programming includes shows on money, law, gardening, home improvement and the outdoors before sports takes over the schedule. WWL is a long-time affiliate of the CBS Radio Network. Most hours on weekdays begin with local newscasts branded as WWL First News, while CBS News begins most hours nights and weekends.

Sports
Sports shows begin during afternoon drive time, hosted by former NFL quarterback Bobby Herbert. WWL-AM-FM are part-time Infinity Sports Network affiliates. Programming from that network is heard in late evenings, and in several blocks during the day on weekends. When two live sporting events occur at the same time, one of the games moves to sister station WWWL 1350 AM, which airs a mostly sports format.

For many years, WWL has been the flagship station for broadcasts of New Orleans Saints football games, continuously since the 1995 season. WWL-AM-FM continue to be the lead stations on the New Orleans Saints Radio Network, with affiliates in Louisiana, Mississippi and three other states.

WWL-AM-FM are also the flagships for New Orleans Pelicans basketball broadcasts. The team had been with 100.3 KLRZ Larose for five years leading up to 2024. With the 2024-25 season, team broadcasts return to WWL-AM-FM.

WWL-AM-FM serve as the New Orleans outlets of the LSU Tigers, simulcasting all football games, while some men's basketball and baseball games are also heard. It shares flagship status with WDGL 98.1 FM in Baton Rouge. WWL was previously the radio home of the Tulane Green Wave.

Early years

Effective December 1, 1921, the Department of Commerce, which controlled radio at the time, adopted regulations formally establishing a broadcasting station category. It set aside the wavelength of 360 meters (833 kHz) for entertainment broadcasts, and 485 meters (619 kHz) for farm market and weather reports.

On March 31, 1922, Loyola University in New Orleans was issued a "Limited Commercial License" for a new station on the 360-meter "entertainment" wavelength. The station call letters, WWL, were randomly assigned from a roster of available call signs. WWL was the second broadcasting station licensed in Louisiana, following WGV, also in New Orleans, licensed 10 days earlier. However, WWL was the first station in the state to begin broadcasting operations.

Loyola University
Starting before World War I and continuing until June 1922, the university sponsored a radio training school, with both civilian and military students. WWL's initial equipment was installed at Marquette Hall on the Loyola campus, with construction performed by Edward T. Cassidy, a Jesuit seminarian and physicist serving as the head of the radio school, and L. J. N. "Joe" du Treil, a former school head who worked at the Commerce Department's New Orleans district office of its Radio Service section.

WWL received authorization by telegraph and signed on the air on March 31,1922. It began broadcasting on the shared 360-meter entertainment wavelength, as a 10-watt station. The station's primary initial purpose was to promote a university fundraising project. Loyola president Father Edward Cummings opened the first half-hour broadcast with a three-minute fundraising plea on behalf of the university's building drive, stating that "We are organizing the radio operators in the state to spread the story of Loyola's needs. Will you lend your support to our campaign, both by radio and individual effort which will aid us in making Loyola University one of the greatest institutions of learning in the Southland?" This was followed by Tulane University's Guiseppe Ferrate playing an original piano composition.

Frequency changes
In mid-1923, the station was reassigned to 1070 kHz. That was changed to 1090 kHz in early 1925. It switched to 1220 kHz in late 1927. On November 11, 1928, under the provisions of the Federal Radio Commission's General Order 40, WWL was assigned to 850 kHz, on a shared basis with KWKH in Shreveport. As part of the equal distribution standards mandated by the Davis Amendment, each of five regions had been allocated eight high-powered "clear channel" frequencies, which were granted dominant and widespread nighttime coverage. 850 kHz was one of the frequencies assigned to "Region 3", consisting of states in the southeastern United States. WWL's power was increased to 5,000 watts on March 31, 1929, following the installation of a new transmitter in Bobet Hall.

In 1929, Loyola University decided that WWL would include commercial operations, with the station profits providing an endowment for the university. Loyola is owned and operated by Catholic priests belonging to the Society of Jesus, commonly known as "Jesuits". There was concern that commercial operation might violate both Catholic and Jesuit prohibitions on priests operating businesses. However, a decision was made that the station's non-religious programming and advertising had an existing analogy in church-run efforts, such as publications, which had content that included advertising. In addition, a separate holding company, WWL Development, was formed to run the station, with the provision its profits would be transferred to Loyola. In 1932, the station upgraded to 10,000 watts, with new studios in the Roosevelt Hotel. In 1934, WWL's contentious application to gain fulltime use of 850 kHz was granted, which resulted in its timeshare partner, KWKH, being moved to 1100 kHz. WWL's attainment of fulltime operations made the station attractive to the national radio networks, and it began an affiliation with the CBS Radio Network on November 1, 1935, which had been previously held by WDSU. This also greatly increased the profits being transferred to the university.

50,000 watts
On November 30, 1938, WWL formally dedicated a power increase to 50,000 watts. On March 29, 1941, with the implementation of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA), stations on 850 kHz, including WWL, moved to 870 kHz.

In the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, the station was famous for the live broadcasts of local Dixieland jazz bands. Some jazz performers heard on WWL included Louis Armstrong, Papa Celestin, Sharkey Bonano, Irving Fazola, Tony Almarico, and Lizzie Miles.

TV and FM stations
An FM companion station, WWLH at 100.3 MHz, debuted on September 11, 1946, but ended operations on February 28, 1951. Station management stated "we have been unsuccessful in establishing in New Orleans a sufficient audience of FM listeners to justify continued operation." A television partner WWL-TV came on the air on September 7, 1957, which was also affiliated with CBS. A new FM companion station, WWL-FM at 101.9 MHz (now WLMG), debuted on March 15, 1970, with its own music format.

WWL was mentioned in an opening scene of "The Swan Bed" (October 21, 1960) episode of the Route 66 TV series. Main characters Todd and Buzz (Martin Milner and George Maharis) turn on the car's radio as they are driving across the Greater New Orleans Bridge and hear the WWL call letters announced.

Starting on March 14, 1971, WWL was home to a long-running overnight country music program aimed at truck drivers called The Road Gang. It used the slogan "Interstate 87", and offered weather forecasts in major cities along the east-west interstates I-10, I-20, I-30, etc. Advertising was focused on long-haul truckers. It was originally hosted by Charlie Douglas. Later hosts included Dave Nemo and Big John Parker. The station also helped popularize Southern Gospel by late-night broadcasts of the Mull Singing Convention.

WWL's transmitter site was moved from Kenner, Louisiana, on the south shore of Lake Pontchartrain, to Estelle, Louisiana, in 1975.

New Orleans Saints
WWL has been the radio home of the New Orleans Saints football team for most of its history. WWL is the long-time flagship station for the New Orleans Saints Radio Network. Jim Henderson and ex-Saint Hokie Gajan were the broadcast team from 2000 until Gajan's death from cancer on April 11, 2016. Prior to the 1998 NFL Draft, when son Peyton Manning was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts, Archie Manning provided commentary on WWL's Saints coverage from his retirement as a player in 1985 through 1997.

Former Saint Deuce McAllister succeeded Gajan as Henderson's color commentator in 2016. Longtime Saints offensive tackle Stan Brock was Henderson's commentator in 1998 and 1999.

Changes in ownership
Loyola sold WWL, WLMG, and WWL-TV to separate companies in 1989. The sales price helped to build the university's endowment. That same year, the university began operating carrier current station "WLDC". Using the electrical grid as an antenna, this station's power was low enough to be limited to campus reception, so it did not need an FCC license. It was subsequently replaced by Crescent City Radio, an internet radio station broadcasting from the Communications/Music Complex on the corner of Calhoun and Saint Charles Avenue.

Keymarket Communications of Greenville, South Carolina, became the new owner of WWL and WLMG. Baltimore-based Sinclair Broadcast Group assumed ownership of both stations in 1996. Most of Sinclair's radio stations, including WWL and WLMG, were acquired by Entercom Communications of Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania in 1999.

WWL has been "monogrammed" into the Internal Revenue Code. A section excluding certain types of income of nonprofit organizations from income tax mentions entities licensed by federal agencies (like the station's FCC license) and carried on by religious orders (like the Jesuits). The three subsections of this tax provision, 26 U.S.C. 512(b)(15), begin with W, W, and L, respectively. The exclusion was directed at WWL specifically, and the joke has been attributed to Senator Russell Long of Louisiana.

In April 2006, WWL programming returned to the FM band, via simulcasting on WWL-FM 105.3. The station was previously Hot AC WKZN "105.3 The Zone". In the months after Hurricane Katrina, Entercom decided WWL's important news programming should also be heard on the FM dial.

Hurricanes Katrina and Ida
Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans and the Gulf Coast in late August 2005. WWL was for a time one of the few radio stations in the area remaining on the air. Announcer Garland Robinette continued broadcasting from an improvised studio built in a closet after the real studio's windows were blown out.

WWL's emergency round-the-clock coverage was simulcast on the frequencies of numerous other radio stations. The broadcast was named "The United Radio Broadcasters of New Orleans". Mostly WWL staff were heard on-air. The United Radio Broadcasters were a partnership between Entercom (now Audacy, Inc.) and competitor Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia). The WWL website was completely rebuilt in only one day by the staff of Entercom stations in other cities.

The company also dispatched staffers from stations throughout the country to help WWL, and to provide their own stations coverage from the hurricane ravaged New Orleans area. For some time after Hurricane Katrina, WWL was simulcast on shortwave outlet WHRI, owned by World Harvest Radio International.

When Hurricane Ida hit New Orleans in 2021, WWL was ready from what it learned 16 years earlier. It simulcast its Hurricane Ida coverage on all of its Audacy sister stations in the New Orleans cluster.

title: WWL (AM)


text:
NTDS

NTDS can refer to:
 * Naval Tactical Data System
 * Neglected tropical diseases
 * Neural tube defects
 * NT Directory Service

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: NTDS


text:
Matthew Warchus

Matthew Warchus (born 24 October 1966) is an English theatre director, filmmaker and dramaturg. He has been the Artistic Director of London's The Old Vic since September 2015.

Early life and education
Warchus grew up in Selby, North Yorkshire where he attended Selby High School. He majored in music at Bristol University and studied in the school's department of drama.

Early career
Warchus has directed for the National Youth Theatre, Bristol Old Vic, Donmar Warehouse, Royal Shakespeare Company, National Theatre, Opera North, West Yorkshire Playhouse, Welsh National Opera, English National Opera in the West End and on Broadway. He won the Globe's Most Promising Newcomer Award for Much Ado About Nothing in the West End, the Evening Standard Best Director award, and Olivier Award nominations for Henry V and Volpone.

Productions include Sejanus his Fall (Edinburgh), "Master Harold"...and the Boys (Bristol Old Vic), The Suicide, Coriolanus (National Youth Theatre), Life is a Dream, Plough and the Stars(West Yorkshire Playhouse), True West, (West Yorkshire Playhouse, Donmar Warehouse, Broadway), Henry V, The Devil is an Ass, Hamlet (RSC), Volpone (RNT), Troilus and Cressida (Opera North), Rake's Progress (Welsh National Opera), Falstaff (Opera North & ENO), and Art (West End and Broadway).

His 1997 productions of Hamlet at the Barbican Theatre and Falstaff at the English National Opera have been nominated for several Olivier Awards including Best Director. Hamlet was also seen at the Brooklyn Academy in New York and the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C.

Warchus directed Yasmina Reza's plays The Unexpected Man (RSC) and Life x 3 (National Theatre) in London and New York (at, respectively, the Promenade Theatre and Circle in the Square Theatre). In 1999, he completed his debut feature film – an adaptation of Sam Shepard's play Simpatico – which he co-wrote and directed, starring Nick Nolte, Jeff Bridges, Albert Finney and Sharon Stone. In 2000 he directed Sam Shepard's True West starring Philip Seymour Hoffman and John C. Reilly. In 2002 he directed Our House, at the Cambridge Theatre, a new musical written by Tim Firth featuring the music of Madness which won the Olivier Award for Best New Musical.

In 2007 he directed The Lord of the Rings, the stage adaptation of the novel The Lord of the Rings, which played at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane from May 2007 to July 2008 and which he wrote the music and book for. It was the most expensive stage production ever at the time of its debut. In 2008 he directed David Mamet's Speed-the-Plow, starring Kevin Spacey and Jeff Goldblum and Alan Ayckbourn's trilogy of plays The Norman Conquests at London's The Old Vic, and Boeing Boeing at New York's Broadhurst Theatre for which he received a Tony Award nomination for Best Direction of a Play.

During the 2009 Broadway season, Warchus directed two productions. One was the critically lauded, 2009 Tony Award winner for Best Revival of a Play transfer of his Old Vic production of The Norman Conquests, for which he won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Play. The other was the 2009 Tony Award winner for Best Play, Yasmina Reza's God of Carnage, for which Warchus won the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play.

In 2010, Warchus directed the acclaimed Royal Shakespeare Company musical Matilda, with a book by Dennis Kelly and music and lyrics by Tim Minchin, which transferred to the West End in October 2011 at the Cambridge Theatre, before opening at the Shubert Theatre on Broadway in March 2013. The musical has since gone on to tour the US, Australia and New Zealand, winning multiple awards with a record-breaking seven Olivier Awards including Best New Musical and Best Director for Warchus.

Warchus's production of Ghost: The Musical, a stage adaptation of the Academy Award winning 1990 film Ghost, premiered at the Manchester Opera House in March 2011, and opened at the West End's Piccadilly Theatre in July 2011 and closed on 6 October 2012. The show transferred to Broadway beginning at the Lunt Fontanne Theater on 15 March 2012 and closed on 18 August 2012. Ghost The Musical was on tour in UK and USA in 2013 while also playing in Budapest. It opened in Korea in November 2013.

His film Pride was selected to be screened as part of the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Queer Palm award on 23 May 2014.

A film adaptation of Matilda the Musical based on the stage musical, also directed by Warchus with screenplay by Dennis Kelly and songs by Tim Minchin was released by Netflix on 23 November 2022 in the United Kingdom and 9 December 2022 in the United States.

In September 2024 he will direct a revival of Seán O'Casey's Juno and the Paycock starring J. Smith-Cameron and Mark Rylance at the Gielgud Theatre in London's West End.

Artistic Director of The Old Vic (2015-26)
In May 2014 Warchus was appointed Artistic Director of The Old Vic in London, succeeding Kevin Spacey. His first season began in September 2015 directing a new play, Future Conditional by Tamsin Oglesby, starring Rob Brydon. In 2016 he also directed The Master Builder by Henrik Ibsen starring Ralph Fiennes, The Caretaker by Harold Pinter starring Timothy Spall, Daniel Mays and George Mackay, and the world premiere of the new musical Groundhog Day with book by Danny Rubin and music and lyrics by Tim Minchin. The musical ran for 8 weeks from July to September 2016 before transferring to the August Wilson Theatre on Broadway from April to September 2017. The musical later returned to the Old Vic from May to August 2023 before playing at the Princess Theatre, Melbourne from January to April 2024.

His second season at the Old Vic saw him direct the 20th anniversary revival of  'Art'  starring Rufus Sewell, Tim Key and Paul Ritter from December 2016 to February 2017 (followed by UK tours in 2018 and 2019).

For the 2017 Christmas season, Warchus directed a new adaptation of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol by Jack Thorne starring Rhys Ifans as Scrooge which has since returned to The Old Vic every year due to its popular demand starring Stephen Tompkinson, Paterson Joseph, Stephen Mangan, Owen Teale and Christopher Eccleston as Scrooge. It has also played the Lyceum Theatre, Broadway for the 2019 season a US tour in 2021 and the Comedy Theatre, Melbourne in 2022 and 2023.

In 2019 he directed a revival of Noël Coward's Present Laughter starring Andrew Scott, followed by Duncan Macmillan's Lungs starring Claire Foy and Matt Smith.

In 2020, Warchus was planned to direct Amy Herzog’s 4000 Miles starring Eileen Atkins and Timothée Chalamet in April to May 2020, however due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the production has been postponed with the rescheduled dates to be announced. Also his production of Lungs which was due to transfer with Claire Foy and Matt Smith reprising their roles to the Brooklyn Academy of Music, New York in March to April 2020 was also cancelled due to the pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic a series called Old Vic: in Camera began broadcasting performances from the empty auditorium of The Old Vic live to audiences around the world via Zoom, beginning with a social distanced version of Lungs with Claire Foy and Matt Smith returning. This was followed by Three Kings by Stephen Beresford starring Andrew Scott, Faith Healer by Brian Friel starring Michael Sheen, David Threlfall and Indira Varma and A Christmas Carol (which was due to return for a fourth consecutive season) starring Andrew Lincoln as Scrooge.

In summer 2024, Warchus will direct The Constituent, a new political drama by Joe Penhall starring James Corden and Anna Maxwell Martin at the Old Vic. In January 2025, Warchus will co-direct with Hofesh Shechter a new adaptation of Oedipus by Ella Hickson starring Rami Malek and Indira Varma at the Old Vic.

It was announced that he will step down as Artistic Director at The Old Vic from September 2026 after 11 years in the role.

Personal life
Warchus is married to American actress Lauren Ward, who played the role of Miss Honey in the Stratford-upon-Avon, London, and Broadway productions of Matilda the Musical. Ward and Warchus met when he directed her in the 2001 revival of Follies on Broadway. They have three children.

Filmography

 * Simpatico (1999) (director, screenwriter, co-producer)
 * Pride (2014) (director)
 * Matilda the Musical (2022) (director)

title: Matthew Warchus


text:
Talk:Vivien Thomas

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old comments
I believe Vivien Thomas was remarkable in knowing medical procedures with only a high school education.I do believe that he should be recognized in Black History63.27.158.63 21:40, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I'm often inspired by these stories. I am, however, saddened by the fact that so many gifted African Americans' talents were not fully realized. . . but for the hatred that was (and still is) prevalent in our society. Think of what Dr. Thomas might have contributed to society if he'd been treated fairly and given an equal opportunity to advance. Think of the hundreds of thousands of men and woman just like Viven Thomas that were born and died. . . . It's our society that suffers. . ..

YOU SHOULD CHECK OUT THE MOVIE 'SOMETHING THE LORD MADE' STARRING MOS DEF HE PLAYS VIVIEN THOMAS THIS IS AN EXCELLENT MOVIE.

"dr."?
My understandng is that recipients of honorary doctorate degrees are not given the title "Dr." before their name. Can anyone confirm or deny this?

 * You are correct. But I don't think his honorary degree is his title is based on; it's because he was a de facto doctor.  I'm sure he was called doctor before his JHU honorary degree Taco325i 01:22, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I wonder about the "Doctor of Laws" degree.  This is what big donors or famous people get.  The honorary doctoral degree for scientific work is usually the "Doctor of Science" (DSc.) degree.   This is often given to persons who already have a doctoral degree of some sort and/or to persons ( like Thomas ) who make a major scientific contribution but don't have a doctoral degree.  It definitely qualifies you to be called "Doctor".  Vivien Thomas certainly earned a DSC..   Perhaps John Hopkins doesn't offer this degree or it was somehow blocked.   The "Doctor of Laws" sounds like some sort of compromise.

 * Also, in some systems (e.g., English and Swedish ) the medical degree ( particularly for Surgeons ) is/was a Bachelor of Medicine (MB).  Such people get called "doctor" even if technically they don't have a doctoral degree.

 * Finally, there are all sorts of legal complications about awarding MD degrees.  Which is why he did not get that.  Similarly,  there are occasional cases of people getting earned PhDs with-out having an undergrad degree.  Why didn't he qualify ?   His thesis could have been his work.   Lots of unanswered questions here.Vaultdoor (talk) 19:47, 15 March 2010 (UTC)

Doesn't most of this article look like http://www.answers.com/topic/vivien-thomas?

'''I concur...the movie is an excellent visualization of the history. In reading Mr. Thomas's autobiography, the movie was very accurate.'''

It really is a shame that Morgan State University rejected Dr. Thomas' attempt to enroll at the Historical Black University (HBU). I wonder why more consideration was not given to a person of his stature by a university developed to provide opportunities to black people.

Style
If anyone is reading this page, I've tried to stop an IP from changing the pre-existing style of the article (from Thomas' to Thomas's, as well as other nouns that end in s). See MOS:POSS. I've even left two comments on their Talk page. They're not listening, and I have no basis for a fourth revert. Also, out of ignorance as to Wikipedia style, the IP is also putting quotation marks outside periods. See MOS:LQ.--Bbb23 (talk) 00:10, 15 May 2012 (UTC)

Detected inaccuracy
I believe that this article is somewhat incorrect. Thomas, in fact, was working as a janitor at Vanderbilt university before blalock took him on. He hired Thomas as his surgical assistant. You may want to consider adding this info. Look it up, it can be verified. MintyNinja41 (talk)

I believe you're correct. Vivien Thomas was hired as a maintenance worker (janitor) at Vanderbilt when Blalock "discovered" him. He made Thomas his     laboratory assistant. I'll add this information as soon as I can; verified by Dr. Thomas's book, "Partners of the Heart". Starsmark (talk) 04:19, 23 February 2018 (UTC)

Another inaccuracy
The article states as follows in the lead-in: "A documentary based on his life, Something the Lord Made, in May 2004 on HBO." This in incorrect. Something the Lord Made is a 2004 HBO movie dramatization based on Vivien Thomas's book, "Partners of the Heart". It is not a documentary. It stars Alan Rickman as Alfred Blalock, Mos Def as Vivien Thomas, and Mary Stuart Masterson as Helen Taussig.

The PBS series, "The American Experience" produced a documentary on Dr. Thomas's life in 2003.

I apologize if this sounds critical, but the line, "A documentary based on his life, Something the Lord Made, in May 2004 on HBO," in not a grammatically correct sentence.

I will undertake these corrections as soon as I find my copy of "Partners of the Heart", and the correct citations for the 2004 HBO movie and the 2003 PBS documentary. Starsmark (talk) 04:43, 23 February 2018 (UTC)

Add Infobox
Shouldn't there be an infobox in the top right corner just like most other pages? — Preceding unsigned comment added by MaximusAlphus (talk • contribs) 00:05, 28 February 2014 (UTC)

new(remove "new" when old): French translation
Vivien Thomas is a great character in history and has greatly contributed into making the people rejected by the white people able to access employments, status and salaries equal to white men. Therefor, there only is "humans". "Skin color" isn't considered anymore to define a person's value - because we all have a great value. Demonstrating the human rights by the Vivien Thomas example in French would be really well appreciated. I could try it - but i am not familiar with Wikipedia and have no account. Thanx! All your efforts are appreciated! :)

Citation
Reference #32, to Thomas's autobiography, cites pages 1154–155. However, it's a 245 page book. Did you mean pages 154–155? (The edit.)

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weaknesses and strengths
maybe the article should have included the weakness he has undergone in his journey with balock .... why ? to enriched future cardiologists and for the sake of future reference 41.90.179.210 (talk) 17:37, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

They switched the names
Thomas was impressed by Bailocs work 2600:100F:A013:5B9F:CC39:32E0:661:4BA1 (talk) 19:06, 25 December 2022 (UTC)

I believe Dr. Thomas was born in Mee Iberia, LA. 2601:182:500:6E40:38DB:F359:CB52:4740 (talk) 11:13, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vivien Thomas


text:
David Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan

David Steuart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan (1 June 1742 – 19 April 1829), styled Lord Cardross between 1747 and 1767, was a Scottish antiquarian, founder of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1780 and first vice president, and patron of the arts and sciences.

Background and education
Erskine was the second but eldest surviving son of Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan, by Agnes, daughter of Sir James Steuart, 7th Baronet. He was the brother of Henry Erskine and Lord Erskine. His elder sister was Lady Anne Agnes Erskine who was involved with the evangelical methodists of Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion. He studied at St. Andrews University (1755–59) Edinburgh University (1760-62) and Glasgow University (1762–63). He studied under Adam Smith, and Joseph Black. He married, on 15 October 1771, his second cousin Margaret Fraser (d. 12 May 1819), the great-granddaughter of David Erskine, 9th Earl of Buchan. They had no children.

His main residence was Kirkhill House in Broxburn, West Lothian. He inherited the property, dating from 1590 and had it extensively remodelled in 1770-1.

Career
His active criticism helped to effect a change in the method of electing Scottish representative peers to the House of Lords.

He was offered the post of Secretary at the British Embassy in Madrid in 1766–67 but declined it due to the illness of his father who died in 1767. He was also the Grand Master of Scottish Freemasons from 1782 to 1784.

He was friends with Benjamin Franklin, originating probably from Franklin's visit to Scotland in 1759 and met him several times in London in 1764. A supporter of the American cause, he corresponded with George Washington and sent him a box made from the oak that hid William Wallace after the Battle of Falkirk. The box was designed by the Goldsmith Company of Edinburgh, and the earl requested that Washington, upon his death, pass it on to the man in his country who he believed should merit it best, and upon the same conditions that induced the earl to send it to Washington. In his will Washington thanked the earl for presenting the box to him along with sentiments which accompanied it; feeling incapable of making the choice asked of him he bequeathed the box back to the earl.

In 1780 he founded the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. As he outlined in a letter of November 1780 he wished to create a body to promote antiquarian researches in that part of Great Britain. It drew on traditions that involved Sir John Scot of Scotstarvit, (who preserved the cartographic work of Timothy Pont and others) Sir Robert Sibbald, and Sir John Clerk of Penicuik. The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland was formally constituted on 18 December 1780. He later disagreed with some policies of the Society and withdrew in 1790.

However, after withdrawing from the management of the Society of Antiquaries he remained active in the area, contributing papers and became involved with the Literary and Antiquarian Society of Perth in 1785. In 1794, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society. Erskine was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1816. He was also elected to honorary membership of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in 1785 and of its Icelandic counterpart in 1791.

Spending much of his later time at Dryburgh House he embellished the grounds with monuments including commemorations of his ancestors and of Robert Burns and William Wallace. He also commissioned a cable-stayed bridge over the River Tweed at Dryburgh. He opened this bridge on 1 August 1817 but it collapsed within months. A replacement was built after a redesign, but this too collapsed in 1838. A more permanent bridge did not arrive until 1872, when the suspension system was used instead.

In later years he became increasingly eccentric a trait which tended to obscure his talents, as was noted by Sir Walter Scott. After the earl's death "when he was put into the family burial-ground, at Dryburgh, his head was laid the wrong way, [to] which Sir Walter Scott said was little matter, as it had never been quite right in his lifetime."

His correspondents included Horace Walpole, and he produced an Essay on the Lives of Fletcher of Saltoun and the Poet Thomson (1792) and several other writings.

There is an interesting story concerning the Earl in which the writer George Dyer brought him to meet Charles Lamb at his flat in Mitre Court Buildings. Charles Lamb was not home and his sister Mary Lamb was deeply flustered at having to greet an Earl unannounced in her household.

Death
He died at his residence at Dryburgh (near Dryburgh Abbey, in the Scottish Borders) in April 1829, leaving no legitimate children, and the earldom passed to his nephew Henry though all his non-entailed properties including Dryburgh were passed to his illegitimate son, Sir David Erskine.

title: David Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan


text:
WWL-TV

WWL-TV (channel 4) is a television station in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, affiliated with CBS. It is owned by Tegna Inc. alongside Slidell-licensed MyNetworkTV affiliate WUPL (channel 54). The two stations share studios on Rampart Street in the historic French Quarter district; WWL-TV's transmitter is located on Cooper Road in Terrytown, Louisiana.

WWL-TV formerly served as the CBS affiliate of record for the Gulf Coast region of Mississippi, until ABC affiliate WLOX (channel 13) in Biloxi launched a CBS-affiliated digital subchannel in 2012.

Early history
The station first signed on the air on September 7, 1957. Coincidentally, it was the fourth television station (and the third commercial station) to sign on in the New Orleans media market, behind WDSU-TV (channel 6), WJMR-TV (channel 61, now WVUE-DT on channel 8) and non-commercial WYES-TV (channel 8, now on channel 12)—all signing on in under a timeframe of nine years. It was originally owned by Loyola University of the South (now Loyola University New Orleans; it was one of a very few handful of commercial TV stations owned by a university), which also owned radio station WWL (870 AM). WWL-TV has been an affiliate of the CBS television network since its inception, as WWL radio had been (and still is) an affiliate of the CBS Radio Network (now CBS News Radio) since 1935. Channel 4 competed head-to-head with NBC affiliate WDSU for first place during the 1960s and 1970s. However, after Edgar B. Stern Jr. sold WDSU to South Carolina-based Cosmos Broadcasting in 1972, it began deemphasizing local features in favor of its highly regarded newscasts. By comparison, WWL-TV, as the only locally owned station, heavily stressed its local roots. By the early 1980s, WWL-TV had emerged as the market's ratings leader.

In 1988, WWL-TV and Cox Cable, the major cable provider serving areas of Greater New Orleans located south of Lake Pontchartrain, entered into a joint venture to form a cable-only news channel called NewsWatch 15 (named after the cable slot on Cox where the channel is carried). It debuted on October 20, 1989. NewsWatch 15 was one of the first regional cable news channels in the United States at the time. The channel airs rebroadcasts and live simulcasts of local newscasts seen on WWL-TV, along with breaking news coverage that does not necessarily warrant extended coverage on channel 4.

In 1989, Loyola sold its media properties to different owners. WWL radio and its FM sister station, WLMG (101.5) were purchased by Keymarket Communications, while WWL-TV's employees formed a group called Rampart Broadcasting (named after the road, Rampart Street, where the station's studio facility is located). Led by general manager J. Michael Early and longtime news director and station editorialist Phil Johnson, the employees group bought the station, with the deal closing on August 27, 1990. It was the first (and thus far, only) time that an employee-investor group acquired a U.S. television station. (CHEK-TV in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, was similarly acquired by an employee-led group in 2009, which narrowly prevented the station's shutdown.)

In 1990, WWL-TV began running one of the most successful station image campaigns in the United States with the debut of its "Spirit of Louisiana" promotions. The one-minute spots focus on the region's musical and cultural heritage, and also showcase life in southeastern Louisiana. Many of the ads in the campaign, which continues to this day, feature well-known area musicians and singers.

Belo ownership
The station's local ownership came to an end in 1994, when the station was bought by the Dallas-based Belo Corporation. That year, channel 4's status as the unofficial "home" station of the New Orleans Saints came to an end after CBS lost the broadcast rights to the National Football Conference television package to Fox in December 1993. WWL-TV had aired most of the Saints' games since the team's inception in 1966, when CBS was the broadcast rightsholder for the pre-merger NFL, and continued upon the merger of the American Football League and the National Football League in 1970 with CBS becoming the NFC rightsholder. After CBS lost the NFC broadcast rights, the Saints telecasts moved to then-Fox affiliate WNOL-TV (channel 38) for the 1994 and 1995 seasons, before moving again to WVUE-TV (channel 8) upon that station's switch from ABC to Fox in January 1996. Today, WWL-TV only carries select games televised by CBS, primarily those in which the Saints play host to an AFC opponent at the Caesars Superdome although NFL cross-flexing procedures established in 2014 now allow for road games or NFC home games to be carried by CBS. The station also aired the Saints' victory in Super Bowl XLIV. WWL also provided local coverage of five New Orleans hosted Super Bowls, including IV and VI which were played at local Tulane Stadium, as well as Super Bowls XII, XXIV, and XLVII which were played at the Superdome.

In 2005, Viacom—which owned UPN station WUPL-TV (channel 54, now a MyNetworkTV affiliate) at the time through its Paramount Stations Group subsidiary—had made an offer to acquire WWL-TV, which would have created a duopoly with WUPL and turned channel 4 into a CBS owned-and-operated station (Viacom owned CBS from its 1999 merger with the network, which ironically traces the former company's history back to its existence as a syndicator of CBS programming, until December 2005, when shared parent National Amusements decided to split Viacom and CBS into two separate companies; they would remerge in 2019). However, after Belo rejected Viacom's purchase offer for WWL, Viacom instead reached a deal to sell WUPL to Belo in July of that year for $14.5 million. The deal was slated to close by the end of 2005, but was placed on hold when Hurricane Katrina devastated the Greater New Orleans area in late August. As a result, on February 9, 2006, CBS filed a breach of contract lawsuit against the Belo Corporation over the failure to finalize the sale of WUPL to Belo. The litigation was later settled on February 26, 2007, with Belo announcing that it would complete its purchase of WUPL. The deal had already received Federal Communications Commission approval, and was finalized on February 26, 2007; Belo moved WUPL's operations into WWL's Rampart Street studio facility in mid-April 2007.

Hurricane Katrina
Two days prior to Hurricane Katrina's landfall, WWL-TV began 24-hour continuous coverage of the storm on August 27, 2005, from its Rampart Street facility. Following a meeting between chief meteorologist Carl Arredondo and then-news director Sandy Breland on enacting a plan to evacuate station staff, at 10:45 p.m. on August 28, the station moved its operations to the Manship School of Mass Communications at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge—which had agreed the year prior to allow WWL to use the journalism school as a backup facility in the event that a major hurricane forced the station to evacuate from New Orleans. 20 employees were evacuated to the LSU campus, 20 more were moved to the transmitter site in Gretna and an additional 28 staffers remained at the Rampart Street facility (those staffers eventually evacuated to the Hyatt Regency Hotel as conditions worsened). LSU students and staff helped produce the telecast with WWL-TV staff in a "bare bones" fashion.

The station briefly returned to its Rampart Street studios in New Orleans on August 29 at 4 p.m. Flooding forced the station to again move operations back to the LSU campus in Baton Rouge, as well as a foyer used as a makeshift studio at the Gretna transmitter site, which did not sustain significant damage as the facility—built in 2000—was constructed to withstand 140 mph winds with the transmitter building positioned 15 ft above ground on concrete; the transmitter site was evacuated on August 30 due to looting concerns. WWL was the only New Orleans station that was able to provide coverage of the storm and its aftermath uninterrupted, as it relayed its signal via fiber optic relay and used a satellite truck loaned to the station by Houston sister KHOU-TV to provide live field reports and helicopters loaned from KHOU and Dallas sister station WFAA. Due to overcrowding with WWL and other Belo station staffers at the Manship School building, on September 1, the station moved operations again, this time to the studios of Louisiana Public Broadcasting station WLPB-TV in Baton Rouge. This provided WWL with a much larger facility and expanded its audience to include LPB's statewide network; the station's coverage was also carried by many PBS stations in Louisiana and Mississippi as well as by KHOU and WFAA. WWL's operations returned to New Orleans about six weeks later.

WWL-TV's extensive coverage of Hurricane Katrina earned the station its sixth Peabody Award in early April 2006, as well as a duPont–Columbia Award in 2007; it was also recounted in an episode of The Weather Channel documentary series Storm Stories.

Post-Katrina
After Hurricane Katrina, some of the station's most visible talent—including weekend anchor/reporter Josh McElveen and reporter Stephanie Riegel—left channel 4 to pursue other opportunities. 10 p.m. anchor Karen Swensen also left WWL to work at Boston-based regional news channel New England Cable News; meteorologists David Bernard and John Gumm also left the station (Bernard was already scheduled to leave the station before the storm struck).

Following the storm, WWL-TV brought back a station editorial segment. Modeled after the editorials presented for many years until the 1990s by longtime news director and station manager Phil Johnson, editorials seen in the present day (which air during the station's 6 p.m. newscast on Tuesday nights) are read via script by WWL-TV political analyst Clancy Dubos, who discusses current political issues related to the post-Katrina redevelopment of New Orleans.

In 2004, WWL-TV and Belo announced plans to construct a new multimillion-dollar broadcasting facility for the station and WUPL at 700 Loyola Avenue in downtown New Orleans. The complex—to have been named the J. Michael Early Broadcast Center, after the station's former general manager—was originally scheduled to be completed in late 2007 or early 2008. Groundbreaking of the new facility occurred on July 25, 2005 (just over one month before Katrina hit on August 29); however, its construction has been delayed (as of recently, the site is still a parking lot). As a result, WWL-TV and WUPL will remain at the existing Rampart Street studio location for the foreseeable future. WWL-TV celebrated its 50th anniversary of broadcasting on September 7, 2007; it observed its 55th anniversary half a decade later, in 2012; its 60th in 2017, and its 65th in 2022.

Hurricane Gustav
The same agreement for the use of Louisiana Public Broadcasting's studio facilities and the simulcast on LPB's stations statewide that was enacted following Hurricane Katrina was also utilized for coverage of Hurricane Gustav, when the storm hit southern Louisiana in early September 2008.

WWL-TV's coverage also carried on the second digital subchannels of fellow Belo sister stations WFAA-TV in Dallas and KHOU-TV in Houston for the convenience of evacuees who relocated to Texas to avoid the storm.

Sale to the Gannett Company and Gannett-Tegna split
On June 13, 2013, the Gannett Company announced that it would acquire Belo's television properties, including WWL-TV and WUPL, for $1.5 billion. The sale received FCC approval on December 20, and was formally completed on December 23, 2013.

On June 29, 2015, Gannett split in two with one side specializing in print media and the other side specializing in broadcast and digital media. WWL-TV and WUPL were both retained by the latter company, named Tegna.

Programming
WWL-TV carries the majority of the CBS network schedule, although the station splits the CBS Dream Team block over two days (the first two hours of the block air on Saturday mornings, while the final hour airs on Sundays).

WWL-TV preempted moderate amounts of CBS programming from the 1960s to the 1980s—including most notably, programs that the network aired weekdays during the 9 a.m. hour, as well as CBS' late night lineup, prior to the debut of Late Show with David Letterman in 1993. During the 1970s, WWL-TV preempted the last hour of the network's Saturday children's programming, between noon and 1 p.m., with local programming. Prior to 2015, WWL-TV would air The Late Late Show on a half-hour delay at 12:07 a.m., with syndicated programming (including The Insider) filling the program's 11:37 p.m. network timeslot on weeknights. Since then, WWL-TV airs what is currently After Midnight in its current 11:37 p.m. slot after The Late Show with Stephen Colbert.

On September 1, 1986, WWL-TV dropped the CBS Morning News and began airing a two-hour morning newscast from 6 to 8 a.m., along with then-CBS affiliate WAGA in Atlanta. It was the first New Orleans station whose morning newscast ran past 7 a.m., predating the launch of WVUE's morning newscast by about 15 years. WWL-TV's morning news was followed by Live with Regis and Kathie Lee. The station eventually expanded its weekday morning newscast, Eyewitness Morning News, into the 8 a.m. hour. CBS reached agreements with other area stations to carry its morning shows: Cox Cable carried the program in the late 1980s using a microwave relay from WAFB, followed by short-lived then-independent station WCCL. LeSEA owned-and-operated station WHNO (channel 20) picked up This Morning in 1998; its successor, The Early Show, moved from WHNO to WUPL in January 2005. Despite preempting the weekday edition, WWL-TV did air the Saturday edition. On December 5, 2016, WWL-TV began carrying CBS This Morning (now CBS Mornings) weekdays for the entire two hours (likely due to a corporate mandate from Tegna in order to satisfy their CBS affiliation agreements), while WUPL now carries the 7–9 a.m. block of Eyewitness Morning News.

News operation
WWL-TV presently broadcasts 27 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with $4 1/2$ hours each weekday, $2 1/2$ hours on Saturdays and two hours on Sundays). In addition, the station produces the half-hour sports highlight and discussion program 4th Down on 4, which airs Sunday nights at 10:35 p.m. The station also operates a Northshore bureau located on North Causeway Boulevard in suburban Mandeville.

The station implemented the Eyewitness News format on February 26, 1968, having rebranded its newscasts from the Evening News title it had been using for the previous two years. WWL-TV has been the top-rated station among the New Orleans market's local newscasts for nearly 30 years, according to Nielsen Media Research. During the November 2007 sweeps period, the first major ratings period in New Orleans reported to Nielsen since Hurricane Katrina, the results affirmed that WWL-TV continued to lead its nearest competitors, WDSU and WVUE, by a wide margin.

In March 2006, WWL-TV began producing a half-hour newscast called I-News, featuring more in-depth reporting on topics important to viewers. The program also featured live interviews with local, state and national officials. The newscast aired weekday evenings on the station's website, WWLTV.com, after its 6 p.m. newscast and was rebroadcast on channel 4. (The webcast has since been canceled.)

On June 4, 2007, WWL-TV began producing a half-hour prime time newscast each Monday through Friday evening at 9 p.m. for MyNetworkTV-affiliated sister station WUPL. Titled My54 Eyewitness News at 9, it was anchored by Lucy Bustamante and Mike Hoss—who also anchored the station's 10 p.m. newscast, Eyewitness News Nightwatch—until Bustamante departed WWL-TV for sister station WVEC in Norfolk on October 1, 2010. Bustamante was replaced by Karen Swensen—whom Bustamante replaced as evening co-anchor—as anchor of the 9 p.m. newscast on WUPL and the 10 p.m. newscast on channel 4 on February 24, 2011; in the interim, Hoss anchored the newscast on WUPL with a rotating series of co-anchors. The 9 p.m. newscast on WUPL was discontinued on April 26, 2013, as a result of consistently low ratings.

Since the anchor changes, WWL-TV has lost its significant ratings lead over WDSU, WVUE and WGNO, according to Nielsen Media reports, but its newscasts remain the highest-rated among the New Orleans market's news-producing stations. WWL-TV had once doubled the ratings of each of its competitors in every time period, but its lead gradually declined, reaching as close a margin as one household rating point ahead of second place WDSU (in the 6 p.m. timeslot) during the July 2011 sweeps period. At 5 p.m., WWL-TV led WDSU by only two ratings points, while claiming ratings wins in key demographics at both 5 and 6 p.m.—marking the first time in about 25 years that a station other than WWL-TV had placed first in the 25-54 demographic. At 10 p.m., WWL-TV led WVUE by 1.9 ratings points. Newscasts in less competitive time periods of 4:30 a.m. and 4 p.m. also scored wins in key demographic categories, as well as in household ratings.

In April 2010, WWL-TV became the second station in the market to install an HD-based weather system. Former WDSU morning anchor Melanie Hebert joined channel 4 in January 2012, however she did not appear on-air until that July due to a non-compete clause in her previous WDSU contract. (Hebert left WWL-TV in July 2013, after a year at the station.) In September 2010, WWL-TV began broadcasting its local newscasts in 16:9 widescreen standard definition; the WUPL newscast was included in the upgrade. Then WWL-TV switched to full HD on October 1, 2014. Presently, WGNO and WDSU continue to broadcast their local newscasts in widescreen SD rather than in true high definition; (the first news-producing station in the market to have upgraded their news production to HD was WVUE, which had broadcast its local news programming in the format since April 2007). On October 25, 2012, WWL-TV introduced a new state-of-the-art news set designed by FX Group that includes the station's first full-size weather center to be integrated with the main set (it replaced a set that debuted in 1997, which had been refreshed a few times during its lifespan).

On August 9, 2014, WWL-TV debuted hour-long weekend editions of its Eyewitness Morning News broadcasts on Saturdays at 8 a.m. and Sundays at 6 a.m. On September 9, the station restored an evening newscast on WUPL's schedule with the debut of a half-hour 6:30 p.m. newscast on weeknights.

Notable current on-air staff

 * Meg Farris – general assignment reporter/medical reporter ("Medical Watch")

Notable former on-air staff

 * Frank Davis – feature reporter (1981–2011; "In the Kitchen" and "Naturally N'Awlins" host) (deceased)
 * Bill Elder – anchor/investigative reporter (1966–2000; nicknamed the "Mike Wallace of Louisiana") (died of complications of radiation treatment for brain cancer, September 17, 2003)
 * Hap Glaudi – sports anchor (1961–1978; subsequently moved to WWL(AM); died December 29, 1989; longtime on-air rival of Buddy Diliberto, who succeeded him at WWL-AM)
 * Jim Henderson – longtime Eyewitness Sports director (May 1978–Jan. 2012; longtime radio play-by-play announcer for the New Orleans Saints, later at WVUE-DT as Saints analyst and commentator; retired)
 * Angela Hill – anchor (1975–2013; retired as an anchor on April 4, 2013; now works for WWL-TV's special projects department and hosted An Open Mind/What's Trending? on WWL-AM/WWL-FM between 2013 and 2015)
 * Hoda Kotb – anchor/reporter (1992–1997; now with NBC News as co-host of Today)
 * Larry Matson – sports anchor (1981–1986; now with the St. Charles Parish Recreation Department)
 * Jim Metcalf – anchor/reporter/host of A Sunday Journal (1966–1977) (deceased)
 * Chris Myers – sports reporter/anchor (1982–1986; now with Fox Sports)
 * Nash Roberts – chief meteorologist (1978–1984)/weather consultant/hurricane analyst (1984–2001) (deceased)
 * Sally-Ann Roberts – anchor (sister of Good Morning America co-host Robin Roberts) (Mar 1977–2018) (retired)
 * Garland Robinette – anchor/reporter (1970–1990; married to co-anchor Angela Hill from 1978 to 1987; then at WWL-AM/WWL-FM; retired)
 * Norman Robinson – reporter (1979–1989; later anchor at WDSU; retired)
 * Charles Zewe – anchor/reporter (1971–1976; later at WDSU and CNN; now Vice President of Communications for the Louisiana State University System)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

On September 8, 2010, former owner Belo signed an agreement with the Disney–ABC Television Group to carry the Live Well Network on WWL-TV and four other stations (WFAA, KMOV in St. Louis, WVEC in Norfolk, Virginia, and WCNC-TV in Charlotte). The network began to be carried on digital subchannel 4.2 on November 8. After ABC announced the discontinuation of the Live Well Network in late 2014, WWL-DT2 (as well as other Tegna O&O stations) switched affiliations to the new Justice Network in 2015. In May 2016, Tegna launched Weigel's Decades network on WWL-DT3, which was later removed sometime in Q2 2023. Twist, Get, and Local Now were launched from mid-to-late quarter 2021. Only Get has since remained on the station's subchannels.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WWL-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 4, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 36, using virtual channel 4.

As part of the SAFER Act, WWL-TV kept its analog signal on the air until July 12 to inform viewers of the digital television transition through a loop of public service announcements from the National Association of Broadcasters.

title: WWL-TV


text:
User:JohnDBuell/Images

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title: User:JohnDBuell/Images


text:
Lajos Csordák

Lajos Csordák (2 February 1864 in Kassa, Kingdom of Hungary – 28 June 1937 in Kosice, Czechoslovakia) was a Hungarian painter.

Csordák started to study painting around 1880. In 1883, his whole family moved to Munich. From 1889 to 1895 he studied at Academy of Fine Arts, Prague, under the guidance of Czech landscape painter Julius Mařák, and became a member of the artistic group Mánes Union of Fine Arts. After 1908, he lived permanently in Kassa.

In painting he specialised on landscapes using dry materials pastels. He was influenced by impressionism in his works.

title: Lajos Csordák


text:
Les Horvath

Leslie Horvath (October 12, 1921 – November 14, 1995) was an American football quarterback who won the Heisman Trophy while playing for the Ohio State Buckeyes in 1944. Horvath was the first Ohio State player to win the Heisman, an award given to the best college football player in the United States. The school retired his jersey number 22 in October 2000.

Horvath grew up in Parma, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland and became a standout high school athlete despite his small stature. He entered Ohio State in 1939 on a work scholarship, but tried out for and made the football team the following year. He played as a reserve halfback on the 1942 team coached by Paul Brown that won Ohio State's first-ever national championship. Horvath graduated that year and moved to Ohio State's dental school. In 1944, however, acting Ohio State football coach Carroll Widdoes asked Horvath to rejoin the team, taking advantage of a World War II-era rule allowing graduate students with remaining eligibility to play. Horvath agreed, and helped lead the Buckeyes to a 9–0 record and a second-place showing in the AP Poll. He won the Heisman and was named an All-American at the end of the season.

Horvath graduated from dental school in 1945 and served as a dental officer in the U.S. Navy for two years. Following his discharge, he played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Los Angeles Rams in 1947 and 1948 before being released and signing with the Cleveland Browns in |1949. The Browns won the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) championship that year. Horvath retired from playing in 1950 and moved to Los Angeles to practice dentistry, and lived there for the rest of his life. Horvath was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1966 and the Ohio State Athletics Hall of Fame in 1977.

Early life
Horvath was born to immigrant parents from Hungary in 1921, in South Bend, Indiana; his family soon moved to Parma, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland. He attended Parma Senior High School starting in 1936 and played on the track, basketball and football teams until the 11th grade. He decided to switch schools because he felt his basketball teammates were not taking the sport seriously. Horvath's family relocated, and in 1938 he enrolled at James Ford Rhodes High School in Cleveland, one of Parma's rivals. Playing as a quarterback for the Rhodes Rams, Horvath guided the team to seven straight wins in 1938, but the team lost to West Technical High School for a chance to be the Cleveland Senate League's Western Conference representative in the city championship. He graduated in 1939.

College career
After graduating, Horvath attended Ohio State University on a work scholarship, but managed to make the school's football team in 1940. Horvath was small for a football player – he weighed just 160 pounds – but was a quick runner and had a strong arm. Ohio State's football team was a disappointment in 1940, however, finishing the season with a 4–4 win–loss record under head coach Francis Schmidt. Schmidt was fired after the season and replaced by Paul Brown, an Ohio high school coach who had guided Massillon Washington to a series of undefeated records and state championships. Brown simplified Ohio State's offense, but imposed a level of discipline and organization that had been absent under Schmidt. Horvath was a reserve halfback in the Buckeyes' single-wing offense in 1941, when the team posted a 6–1–1 win–loss–tie record and finished second in the Big Ten Conference standings. He played in many games, but senior fullback Jack Graf and senior halfback Tom Kinkade got most of the carries for Ohio State.

Despite his small frame, Brown recognized Horvath's potential as a senior in 1942 and made him a regular starter at halfback beside Paul Sarringhaus and fullback Gene Fekete. While Sarringhaus and Fekete were Ohio State's main offensive weapons, Horvath averaged eight yards per carry in a victory over Pittsburgh and scored two touchdowns and passed for 109 yards in a win over Illinois in Cleveland. Ohio State was ranked first in the country in the AP Poll early in the season, but fell in the rankings after a loss to Wisconsin in October. The team won the rest of its games, however, including a 21–7 victory over arch-rival Michigan at the end of the season. Horvath passed to Sarringhaus for a 35-yard touchdown and caught another 32-yard touchdown pass from Sarringhaus in the Michigan game. Ohio State's 9–1 record put it on top of the Big Ten standings and in the final AP Poll, giving the school its first-ever national championship.

Horvath expected his college football career to be over in 1942. He finished his undergraduate degree that year and enrolled in a graduate program at the Ohio State University College of Dentistry. Ohio State's football program, meanwhile, struggled in 1943 after Brown and many of its best players entered the military during World War II. Carroll Widdoes, an assistant under Brown, was appointed the acting head coach and led the team to a 3–6 record.

The following year, Widdoes asked Horvath to return to the team, taking advantage of a wartime rule that allowed college programs to use graduate students if they had not exhausted their four years of college eligibility. Widdoes promised Horvath a leading role as the team's left halfback, a level of prominence he had been denied under Brown. Horvath agreed to come back and be a veteran leader for a team that was composed mostly of freshmen because of older players' service in the war. Horvath had a breakout season in 1944, gaining 669 rushing yards and 1,200 all-purpose yards as the Buckeyes turned in a 9–0 record and finished second in the national polls. The highlights of Horvath's season included scoring the winning touchdown in Ohio State's annual matchup against Michigan. Calling all of Ohio State's offensive plays, he was nicknamed the "playing coach".

Horvath was named a first-team All-American by sportswriters and the Most Valuable Player in the Big Ten after the season. He was voted by his teammates as Ohio State's Most Valuable Player. He also won the Heisman Trophy, an award given each year to the best college football player in the country. Horvath was the first Ohio State player to win the Heisman, and he remains the only Heisman winner not to have played football the previous season. In early 1945, Horvath played in the annual East–West Shrine Game, a college all-star game. While at Ohio State, he was a member of Delta Tau Delta fraternity.

Military and professional career
After graduating from Ohio State's dental school in 1945, Horvath signed to play for the Cleveland Rams of the National Football League. Horvath, however, applied for a commission to join the U.S. Navy and was sworn in as a lieutenant j.g. that August. He was sent at first to Naval Station Great Lakes in Illinois for training, where he practiced dentistry and acted as an assistant to Brown, who had entered the Navy and was coaching the base's football team. Horvath served in Hawaii and coached a football team there that won a service national championship. He later traveled on assignment as far as China as a naval dental officer.

Before his discharge from the Navy in 1947, there was speculation that Horvath might join the Cleveland Browns, a new team coached by Brown in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). Horvath was still under contract with the Rams, however, and joined the team, which had moved from Cleveland to Los Angeles in 1946. Led by quarterback Bob Waterfield, Los Angeles finished the season with a 6–6 record in 1947. Horvath rushed for 68 yards and had three receptions. Horvath had 118 yards of rushing the next season, when the Rams finished with a 6–5–1 record and took third place in the NFL West division.

Horvath, who worked as a dentist in the offseason in Los Angeles, was released by the Rams in 1949. He signed with the Browns a week later, closing his dental office and moving to Cleveland to reunite with Brown. Horvath, who was used primarily on defense early in the season, had an 84-yard fumble return for a touchdown in a game against the New York Yankees, and ran for two touchdowns in a November game against the Chicago Hornets. Cleveland finished the season with a 9–1–2 record and won a fourth straight AAFC championship. The AAFC disbanded after the season and the Browns were absorbed by the NFL, but Horvath decided to quit football to practice dentistry back in California.

Later life and death
Horvath married Shirley Phillips, an airline hostess after the 1949 season, and moved back to Los Angeles. He coached little league football and practiced dentistry in Glendale, California, a major Los Angeles suburb, for the rest of his life. His wife died in 1973, he remarried two years later to Ruby Aylor, whom he met in Hawaii while on vacation in 1974. They were married for 20 years, until Horvath's death in 1995 of heart failure.

Horvath was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1966 and became a member of Ohio State's athletics hall of fame in 1977. Ohio State retired his number 22 uniform in 2001, six years after his death. He was inducted into the Parma Senior High School athletics hall of fame in 2007.

Awards and honors

 * 1942 AP National Championship (with the Ohio State Buckeyes)
 * 1944 Heisman Trophy winner
 * 1944 First-team All-American
 * 1949 AAFC Champion (with the Cleveland Browns)
 * College Football Hall of Fame inductee (class of 1966)
 * Ohio State "Block O" Varsity Hall of Fame inductee (class of 1977)
 * Parma Senior High School Hall of Fame inductee (class of 2007)
 * Number retired by Ohio State (#22)

title: Les Horvath


text:
QR III

QR III (or Quiet Riot III) is the fifth studio album released by American Hard rock/heavy metal band Quiet Riot. It was released in 1986 on Pasha / CBS. It is the last album to feature lead singer Kevin DuBrow until the 1993 album Terrified.

Background
QR III is short for "Quiet Riot III". It is the band's fifth studio album, following limited release albums Quiet Riot and Quiet Riot II, and major label albums Metal Health and Condition Critical. Following the massive success of Metal Health and the more reasonable success of Condition Critical, sales of QR III were lower, reaching only No. 31 on the US charts and not achieving any certification. It marked one of Quiet Riot's final plunges from stardom as only one more of the band's following releases would enter the charts at all.

This Quiet Riot album is the first album to feature Chuck Wright, formerly of Giuffria, on bass as an official member. He had performed bass work on 2 tracks from Metal Health. He would rejoin the band on an on/off basis over the years, and re-joined the band for years afterward.

The lead single, "The Wild and the Young", is a stadium hymn to the energy of youth. Its accompanying video (featuring game show host Wink Martindale in a cameo appearance) painted an Orwellian picture of the future, where totalitarian militarists fought to wipe out rock and roll—a reference to the Senate hearings concerning explicit language in metal songs. The video received active rotation on MTV. Another video for the promotional single Twilight Hotel only managed to get light rotation.

Track listing
Credits taken from album liner notes.

Quiet Riot

 * Kevin DuBrow – lead vocals, backing vocals, guitar
 * Carlos Cavazo – guitar, backing vocals
 * Chuck Wright – bass, backing vocals
 * Frankie Banali – drums, electric & acoustic percussion

Additional personnel

 * John Purdell – keyboards, programming
 * Marcus Barone – EMU sampling, emulator
 * Bobby Kimball – backing vocals on "Still of the Night"
 * Debra Raye, Michelle Rohl – backing vocals on "The Pump"
 * Jimmy Whitney and the Bible of Dreams Choir – backing vocals on "Slave to Love"

Production

 * Spencer Proffer – producer
 * John Purdell – producer
 * Hugh Syme – art direction and cover painting

title: QR III


text:
Ray Knight

Charles Ray Knight (born December 28, 1952) is an American former Major League Baseball infielder best remembered for his time with the Cincinnati Reds and New York Mets. Originally drafted by the Reds in the tenth round of the 1970 Major League Baseball Draft, he is best remembered to Reds fans as the man who replaced Pete Rose at third base, whereas Mets fans remember Knight as the man who scored the winning run of game six of the 1986 World Series and as the MVP of that series. He was most recently a studio analyst and occasional game analyst for the Mid-Atlantic Sports Network's coverage of the Washington Nationals from 2007 to 2018.

Early life
Knight grew up in Albany, Georgia, and attended Dougherty High School and Albany Junior College.

Cincinnati Reds
Knight made his major league debut with Cincinnati as a September call-up in 1974. He spent all of 1975 and 1976 with the triple A Indianapolis Indians. In 1976, with only one home run coming into the final month of the season, Knight borrowed a bat from Reds star George Foster and hit nine in the remaining games of the year. He would later borrow Foster's bat again in the major leagues when Foster was injured. During those seasons, the Reds won two World Series titles. He returned to the majors in 1977.

Knight was a .232 hitter with two home runs and 19 runs batted in when he assumed the role of starting third baseman for the "Big Red Machine" following Rose's signing with Philadelphia Phillies in 1979. Knight responded with a .318 Batting average, 10 home runs, 79 RBIs and 64 runs scored to finish fifth in National League Most Valuable Player balloting.

On May 13, 1980, Knight broke out of an 0-for-15 slump by homering twice in the fifth inning of a 15–4 win over the Mets. He was the first Red to hit two home runs in one inning. Aaron Boone matched the feat on August 9, 2002. He made his first All-star appearance in 1980, hitting a single off Tommy John in his first at-bat.

In 1981, Knight batted .259 with six home runs and 34 RBIs. On December 18, 1981, he was traded to the Houston Astros for César Cedeño, to accommodate Johnny Bench's move from behind the plate to third base.

Houston Astros
Knight split his time between third and first base with the Astros. He made the All Star team in 1982, and played third base in the game. However, he made more appearances at first than he did at third during the regular season.

After batting .304 in 1983, Knight was batting only .237 in 1984, he was traded on August 28, 1984, to the New York Mets for three players to be named later (Gerald Young, Manuel Lee and Mitch Cook).

New York Mets
Knight platooned third base with the newly acquired Howard Johnson for the 1985 and 1986 seasons. In his first full season with the Mets, Knight batted only .218 with six home runs and 36 RBIs. During the off-season, the Mets attempted to trade Knight to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Lee Mazzilli, but were denied.

Knight adopted a new batting stance in 1986 and saw immediate results, crushing six home runs and batting .306 with twelve RBIs in the month of April. Teammate Ron Darling spoke highly of Knight's contributions in a midseason interview: "Besides our pitching, it has been Ray Knight's emergence that has been the difference. He carried us for a long time." On July 22, Knight incited a bench clearing brawl at Riverfront Stadium against his former teammates. Eric Davis pinch-running for Reds player/manager Pete Rose in the tenth inning stole second and third base. Knight took the throw from Mets catcher Gary Carter late, brought his glove to Davis' face and knocked his helmet off. A stare off ensued, followed by a right cross from Knight. The benches emptied and as a result of all the ejections from this fight (along with Darryl Strawberry who had previously been ejected for arguing balls and strikes), back-up catcher Ed Hearn was brought into the game, and Carter moved from behind the plate to third. The Mets won the game in fourteen innings.

The Mets won 108 games in 1986 and took the National League East convincingly by 21.5 games over the Phillies. For the season, Knight batted .298 with eleven home runs and 76 RBIs to earn NL Comeback Player of the Year honors. Knight batted only .167 in the 1986 National League Championship Series against his former teammates, the Houston Astros. In the World Series, however, Knight broke out with a .391 batting average and five RBIs.

The Mets won the 1986 World Series in seven games over the Boston Red Sox. Knight's single in the tenth inning of game six of the Series drove in Gary Carter for the first run of the inning, and also pushed Kevin Mitchell to third, allowing him to score on Bob Stanley's wild pitch. Knight then scored the winning run from second after Mookie Wilson's ground ball went through the legs of Bill Buckner, and Knight's celebration as he rounded third to score was one of the indelible images of the series.

He hit the tiebreaking home run in game seven, and was rewarded with the World Series MVP award and the Baseball Writers' Association of America's Babe Ruth Award for the best performance in the World Series.

Baltimore Orioles
Unable to agree on a contract with general manager Frank Cashen for 1987, Knight became the first player to join a new team the season after winning the World Series MVP award, signing with the Baltimore Orioles. Knight later said he wanted to sign a 2-year contract with the Mets to finish his career, but Cashen would only offer a 1-year contract, with a minuscule $5,000 raise. The Orioles finished sixth in the American League East in 1987, narrowly avoiding one hundred losses (95). For his own part, Knight batted .256 with 65 RBIs and tied his career high with fourteen home runs. Following the season, he was traded to the Detroit Tigers for pitcher Mark Thurmond. Knight served primarily as the Tigers' first baseman or designated hitter, though he did see some playing time at third and in the outfield. Knight batted only .217 with three home runs, and retired at the end of the season.

Post-playing career
Upon retiring from baseball, Knight became an ESPN broadcaster. He accepted his first coaching job with the Reds in 1993. Early in the 1995 season, Reds owner Marge Schott announced that Knight would replace Davey Johnson as manager of the Reds in 1996 regardless of how the Reds did. Schott and Johnson had never gotten along, and relations between the two had deteriorated to the point that she almost fired Johnson after the 1994 season. However, the Reds were doing so well under Johnson (they led the National League Central at the time of the 1994 Major League Baseball strike and won the division in 1995) that she instead opted to name Knight as assistant manager, with the understanding that he would succeed Johnson in 1996.

Knight managed the Reds from 1996 to 1997, and served as acting manager for a single game in 2003. He made his managerial debut on April 1, 1996, but the game was postponed when home plate umpire John McSherry suffered a severe cardiac episode and later died after only seven pitches. In 1997, he forgot how many outs there had been in a half-inning in which the Reds were at bat and called for a bunt at an inopportune time. He later fined himself $250 for the incident. The team's lack of success would lead to his firing midway through the 1997 season in favor of Jack McKeon.

From 2007 to 2018, Knight was a broadcaster with the Mid-Atlantic Sports Network (MASN) and co-hosted Nats Xtra, MASN's pregame and postgame show for its Washington Nationals broadcasts. Johnny Holliday, Knight's fellow MASN broadcaster and Nats Xtra co-host, playfully referred to him as the "Silver Fox."

1986 Mets reunion
Knight was one of several members of the 1986 championship team not to attend the 20th anniversary celebration at Shea Stadium on August 19, 2006; the others included manager Davey Johnson, (who was managing Team USA in Cuba), Dwight Gooden (who was serving a jail sentence), Roger McDowell (who was the Atlanta Braves pitching coach at the time), Lee Mazzilli (who was the New York Yankees bench coach at the time), and pitching coach Mel Stottlemyre. Knight's absence was due to a previous commitment.

Personal life
Knight married LPGA golfer Nancy Lopez on October 25, 1982, in Pelham, Georgia. The wedding, the second for both, was at the home of his partner in a Pelham sporting goods store. Knight and Lopez met by chance in Korakuen Stadium in Tokyo in 1978. He and Lopez had three daughters together, Ashley Marie (1983), Erinn Shea (1986) and Torri Heather Knight (1991). They lived in Albany, Georgia, and also had a home in The Villages, Florida. Lopez designed her first golf course for The Villages and the three nines of the 27-hole Lopez Legacy course are named for the daughters: Ashley Meadows, Torri Pines, and Erinn Glenn. In 1985, he had a 7 handicap in golf and sometimes caddied for her, but not in big tournaments. Knight and Lopez divorced in 2009. A son from his first marriage, Brooks Knight, died in 2022.

In 2013, Phoebe Putney Hospital in Albany, Georgia, unveiled a street on the property named Ray Knight Way.

Knight is good friends with former Reds' teammate Harry Spilman, who grew up twenty minutes away from Knight in Georgia. While they were both in the Reds' system, the two spent $700 on a pitching machine to work on their hitting.

Knight is a member of the Golden Gloves boxing association.

On October 23, 2017, Knight was arrested after an altercation at his condo in the Alexandria, Virginia, area with an unidentified 33-year-old man. Both were taken to the hospital and Knight was charged with assault and battery. The charges were subsequently dropped.

Knight participated in the 2021 ESPN 30 for 30 documentary series about the 1986 New York Mets season, Once Upon a Time in Queens.

title: Ray Knight


text:
Rodriguez

Rodriguez ( in Peninsular Spain or in Latin America) is a Hispanic surname meaning "son of Rodrigo". It is often rendered without the accent mark, primarily outside Spanish-speaking countries. It may refer to:

People

 * Rodríguez (surname), people with the surname or mononym Rodríguez
 * Rodrigues (surname), people with the surname Rodrigues

Music

 * Sixto Rodriguez (1942–2023), singer-songwriter who recorded and performed under the mononym Rodriguez
 * Rodriguez (band), American rock band active in the mid-late 1990s
 * Adrián Rodríguez, Spanish actor and singer
 * Adrian Rodriguez (DJ), German trance producer and DJ, known as Rodriguez
 * Adrian Rodriguez (musician), American musician, bassist of The Airborne Toxic Event
 * Magan & Rodriguez, Spanish musical duo
 * Martínez Rodríguez, Cuban vocalist who collaborated with Tacabro

Place names

 * Rodrigues Island, a dependency of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean
 * Rodriguez, California, alternate name of Muroc, California, United States
 * Rodriguez, Rizal, municipality in the Philippines

American court cases

 * San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973), a decision in which the United States Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution does not confer a fundamental right to receive an education
 * Rodriguez v. United States (2015), a decision in which the United States Supreme Court ruled that, without reasonable suspicion, police officers may not extend the length of a traffic stop to conduct a dog sniff

title: Rodriguez


text:
Incoherent scatter

Incoherent scattering is a type of scattering phenomenon in physics. The term is most commonly used when referring to the scattering of an electromagnetic wave (usually light or radio frequency) by random fluctuations in  a gas of particles (most often electrons).

The most well known practical application is known as incoherent scatter radar theory, a ground-based technique for studying the Earth's ionosphere first proposed by Professor William E. Gordon in 1958. A radar beam scattering off electrons in the ionospheric plasma creates an incoherent scatter return. When an electromagnetic wave is transmitted through the atmosphere, each of the electrons in the ionospheric plasma essentially acts as an antenna excited by the incoming wave, and the wave is re-radiated from the electron. Since the electrons are all moving at varying speeds as a result of ionospheric dynamics and random thermal motion, the reflection from each electron is also Doppler shifted. The receiver on the ground then receives a signal composed of the superposition of the re-radiated waves from all the electrons in the path of the incoming wave. Since the positively-charged ions also present in the ionosphere are orders of magnitude more massive, they are not as readily excited by the incoming electromagnetic wave in the way that the electrons are, so they do not re-radiate the signal. However, the electrons tend to remain close to the positively-charged ions. As a result, the distribution function of the ionospheric electrons is modified by the much slower and more massive positive ions — electron density fluctuations relate to ion temperature, mass distribution, and motion. The incoherent scatter signal allows measurement of electron density, ion temperature and electron temperatures, ion composition and plasma velocity.

Electron Density
If there is a greater amount of electrons present in the ionosphere, then there will be more individually reflected electromagnetic waves which reach the receiver, corresponding to greater intensity of the echo at the receiver. Since the amount of energy reflected by an individual electron is known, the receiver can use the total intensity measured to determine the electron density in the selected region.

Ion and Electron Temperature
Since each of the individual electrons and ions exhibits random thermal motion, the received echo will not be at the exact frequency it was transmitted. Instead, the signal will be composed of a range of frequencies near the original frequency, since it is the superposition of many individual Doppler-shifted reflections. The width of the range corresponds then to the temperature of the ionosphere. A higher temperature results in greater thermal velocity, which results in a larger Doppler shift and greater distribution in received frequency. However, it is important to note that the thermal behavior differs between electrons and ions. The ions are orders of magnitude more massive, and they do not interact with radiated heat in the same way that electrons do. As a result, the electron temperature and the Ion temperature differ.

Ion Drift
If the Ionospheric plasma is in motion as a whole, then there will also be an overall Doppler shift in the received data as well. This can be seen as a shift in the mean frequency, which reveals the overall Ion Drift in the Ionosphere.

title: Incoherent scatter


text:
Seriatim

In law, seriatim (Latin for "in series") indicates that a court is addressing multiple issues in a certain order, such as the order in which the issues were originally presented to the court.

Legal usage
A seriatim opinion is an opinion delivered by a court with multiple judges, in which each judge reads his or her own opinion rather than a single judge writing an opinion on behalf of the entire court. Traditionally, judges read in order of reverse seniority, with the most junior judge speaking first. In the United States, this practice was discontinued in favour of majority opinions contra the British tradition of separate opinions.

In the United Kingdom
Most frequently used in modern times (when used at all) pleadings as a shorthand for "one by one in sequence". For example, in English civil cases, defence statements generally used to conclude with the phrase "save as expressly admitted herein, each allegation of the plaintiffs is denied as if set out in full and traversed herein seriatim." This formulation is now superfluous under the English Civil Procedure Rules, especially rule 16.5 (3)–(5).

Also sometimes seen in older deeds and contracts as a more traditional way of incorporating terms of reference. For example "the railway by-laws shall apply to the contract as if set out herein seriatim."

It is sometimes found as part of the longer phrase breviatim et seriatim, meaning "briefly and in series".

The term is also used when replying to a communication that contains a number of points, issues or questions to denote that the responses are in the same order in which they were raised in the original document: "To deal with your queries seriatim..."

In England, use of the word, and other Latin phrases, has become less frequent in legal discourse as a result of the Woolf Reforms and, among other factors, efforts by groups such as the Plain Language Movement to promote the use of "plain English" in legal discourse.

In the United States
During the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Marshall, 1801 to 1805, the practice of judicial opinions being delivered in seriatim was discontinued. It was restored by Justice William Johnson, who, from 1805 through 1833, wrote nearly half of the Supreme Court's dissenting opinions.

In 2009, Title III, Rule 15(a)(1) of the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure regarding Amended and Supplemental Pleadings (part of pretrial procedure) was amended to allow three changes in the time previously allowed to make one change. "This provision will force the pleader to consider carefully and promptly the wisdom of amending to meet the arguments in the motion... and will expedite determination of issues that otherwise might be raised seriatim." The right to make changes now ends 21 days after service of a motion.

Actuarial usage
Actuarial calculations made in respect of a database (such as insurance policies or asset holdings) may be referred to as seriatim. This implies calculation results are produced for each database record explicitly, i.e. without model compression (data grouping) and before summation.

title: Seriatim


text:
Cashtown (disambiguation)

Cashtown may refer to the following places:

 * Cashtown, Pennsylvania, a census-designated place in Adams County
 * Cashtown, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community
 * Cashtown Inn, an inn near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
 * Cashtown Corners, part of Clearview, Ontario

title: Cashtown (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Airdrie, Alberta

Untitled
Raised importance rating to 'Mid', following guidelines. PKT (talk) 13:33, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

I changed the racial and religious make-ups back because the numbers were inaccurate. -- Earl Andrew - talk 21:50, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * They were wrong. I just don't think Airdrie needed a table to tell the story. Seems excessive for a place with 25,000 people. Also, I think "racial make-up" is a really poor term. -Tyson2k

What happened to objectivity? People who don't live here wont know that its all white people unless they can find that out somewhere. What you think shouldn't have anything to do with it. Quackgrassacrez 03:00, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Dot
Someone needs to change the location of Airdrie on the map -- it's not anywhere near Oyen. You're all way off.
 * Yikes! I've moved the dot to a more accurate position. I would guess that that location bit was a copy/paste of a new or updated template, and just wasnt corrected for Airdrie. Resolute 20:49, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * What browser are you using? with |dot_x =130 |dot_y =240 it displays correct in internet explorer7, opera and firefox. Your edit placed the dot west of alberta. --Qyd 21:15, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
 * IE6. It appears correct on Firefox. Odd. Resolute 04:47, 26 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I have asked the folks at the village pump for their opinion on this. The request is here: Village pump (technical). This is truly strange.  Please feel free to add any information to that request that you feel may help.  —MJCdetroit 19:55, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I think we may have solved the problem. I temporarily switched the template to Infobox City/Test to see if the fix works.  Since it looks like all the pages using the "dot map" of Infobox city will have to have the placement adjusted before switching to the live template this page may stay with a "test" template for a couple of weeks.

 * I have tested this dot placement in the following browsers and OSs: Firefox 2 & IE7 in WinXP and Safari 2.0.4 & Firefox 1.5.0.11 in Mac OS X (10.4.9). The dot does not seem to move.  Thanks for pointing this problem out. —MJCdetroit 01:26, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Resolute, is this fixed now that the div width was forced in superimpose with this edit? --Qyd 14:44, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Yup. It is now showing up correct on the computer and browser where it appeared wrong in the past. Resolute 14:51, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

Reverted vandalism
Edits by seemed fine, until he brought up the HMCS Bruno Gerussi. There ain't no such animal. I didn't even know hollow-core plywood could float. --NellieBly (talk) 05:02, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Airdrie, Alberta