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Donbassaero

Donbassaero (Донбасаеро, Russian: Донбассаэро) was an airline with its head office on the property of Donetsk International Airport in Donetsk, Ukraine. It operated domestic and international scheduled services. Its main bases were Donetsk International Airport and Boryspil International Airport in Kyiv. The main shareholder of the company was PrivatBank, controlled by Ihor Kolomoyskyi.

History
The airline was founded in 1993 as Donetsk State Airline, then re-organized and re-branded as Donbassaero in 2003. Their website was launched in July 2005 and their online booking system started in November of the same year.

Since 25 March 2012, as a result of the Anti-monopoly committee of Ukraine's decision to allow the consolidation of the Ukrainian Aviation Group's physical and operational assets, Donbassaero no longer operated flights with its own code, but rather on behalf of its parent company Aerosvit.

The airline filed for bankruptcy and ceased operations on 14 January 2013.

Destinations
Donbassaero served the following scheduled destinations (as of January 2013):

 * Armenia
 * Yerevan - Zvartnots International Airport
 * Azerbaijan
 * Baku - Heydar Aliyev International Airport
 * Cyprus
 * Larnaca - Larnaca International Airport
 * Georgia
 * Tbilisi - Tbilisi International Airport
 * Greece
 * Athens - Athens International Airport
 * Lithuania
 * Vilnius - Vilnius International Airport
 * Russia
 * Moscow - Domodedovo International Airport.
 * Sweden
 * Stockholm - Stockholm International Airport
 * Syria
 * Aleppo - Aleppo International Airport
 * Turkey
 * Istanbul - Atatürk International Airport
 * United Arab Emirates
 * Dubai - Dubai International Airport
 * Ukraine
 * Donetsk - Sergey Prokofiev International Airport hub
 * Kharkiv - Kharkiv International Airport
 * Kyiv - Boryspil International Airport hub
 * Odesa - Odesa International Airport

Fleet
The Donbassaero fleet included the following aircraft (as of December 2012):

title: Donbassaero


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Karl-Heinz Granitza

Karl-Heinz Granitza (born 1 November 1951) is a German former professional footballer who played as a forward. In the United States, he is a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame.

Granitza was born in Lünen, North Rhine-Westphalia. He played in Germany for VfB Lünen, Eintracht Dortmund, Lüner SV, DJK Gütersloh, SV Röchling Völklingen and Hertha BSC. In 1978 and again for the 1979 season, he transferred to the Chicago Sting of the NASL, leading the team to two league championships. He also excelled at the indoor game. Granitza was known for his powerful and accurate left foot. He was also very effective with direct free kicks, having the ability to strike the ball with top spin over the wall of defenders, and into the upper corners of the goal. He would finish as the NASL's second all-time leading scorer.

In the 1990s Granitza owned "State Street", an American-style sports bar in Berlin.

In 2003, Granitza was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame. His #12 shirt has been retired by the Chicago Storm.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Karl-Heinz Granitza


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Lukas Podolski

Lukas Josef Podolski (born Łukasz Józef Podolski, ; 4 June 1985) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward or attacking midfielder for Ekstraklasa club Górnik Zabrze. He is known for his powerful and accurate left foot, explosive shooting, technique and probing attacks from the left side.

Podolski joined 1. FC Köln in 1995 where he made it into the first team in 2003 resulting in 81 appearances for the club before moving to Bayern Munich. With Bayern, Podolski won the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal double in 2008. Podolski returned to 1. FC Köln in 2009. He later signed for Premier League club Arsenal in 2012, with whom he won the FA Cup in 2014. He then moved on loan to Serie A club Inter Milan in January 2015, before signing six months later for Galatasaray where he also won the Turkish Cup of 2016.

Born in Poland, Podolski was eligible to play for both Poland and Germany (due to his Silesian paternal grandfathers being born in then-Imperial Germany), and he was open to playing for the Polish team but was rejected by the then Polish coach Paweł Janas in 2003, having already appeared for Germany at youth level. After making his first appearance for the senior team in 2004, Podolski enjoyed great success with the Germany national team. He was part of the squad in seven major tournaments, winning the 2014 FIFA World Cup. He is the third most-capped player in German history, with 130 caps, and the third-highest goalscorer in German history, having scored 49 times.

On 29 May 2013, Podolski scored the fastest goal in Germany national team history, after just nine seconds of the 4–2 friendly win over Ecuador (before Florian Wirtz broke his record in 2024). It was at that time the second fastest international goal in history, second only to San Marino's Davide Gualtieri's 8.3-second strike against England in 1993. Podolski retired from international football on 22 March 2017 after scoring the winner in a friendly against England.

1. FC Köln
Podolski began playing football at the age of six in the youth team of FC 07 Bergheim, where he played until he joined 1. FC Köln at the age of ten. It was there that Podolski's talents were first noticed. In 2003, at the age of 18, Podolski was still part of the club's youth side. At this time the club found itself in dire straits battling to avoid relegation from the Bundesliga. First team boss Marcel Koller, working on a shoestring budget, invited Podolski to train with the senior players and he made his top flight debut shortly afterwards on 22 November 2003. Even though Köln failed to avoid a drop to the 2nd division, Podolski had shown what he could do, scoring 10 goals in his first 19 senior appearances. This was the best tally by an 18-year-old in the history of the Bundesliga until Florian Wirtz overtook the record in 2021.

Though his call up to the German Euro 2004 squad brought along interest from several top clubs, Podolski stayed at Köln to help the club gain promotion in the 2004–05 season. With 24 goals, Podolski advanced to become the league's best scorer. Somewhat unusually, Podolski remained part of the Germany squad, even though he did not play in the national top-tier league.

After Köln were promoted, the pressure was on Podolski to keep the club in the Bundesliga practically singlehandedly. Podolski managed to score 12 goals in the 2005–06 season, but eventually, Köln were relegated again. It became clear that Podolski would not stay again to push them through the 2006–07 season—even more so, as Podolski was becoming an integral part of the national team.

FC Bayern Munich
In 2006, clubs such as Liverpool, Bayern Munich, Hamburger SV, Werder Bremen, and Real Madrid manifested their interest in Podolski, even though he had a contract with 1. FC Köln through 2007. On 1 June 2006, Podolski announced that a transfer agreement had been reached with Bayern Munich, allowing him to join the Bavarian side for the 2006–07 season. Financial details of the deal were not immediately available, but the transfer fee was speculated to be around €. He made his Bundesliga debut for Bayern on 11 August 2006, coming on as a substitute in the 88th minute of a 2–0 victory against Borussia Dortmund. On 9 September 2006, he came on as a second-half substitute in a DFB-Pokal game versus FC St. Pauli. Only 26 seconds after the second half started, he scored the equaliser, levelling the match at 1–1. On 14 October 2006, with his first Bundesliga goal for Bayern, Podolski helped to secure the club's 4–2 win over Hertha BSC. On 26 October 2006, Podolski suffered a serious injury to his right ankle joint caused by teammate, Mark van Bommel, during a training session. Consequently, Podolski missed more than five match weeks. He returned from this injury and scored against Alemannia Aachen.

After Bayern bought in Italian striker Luca Toni in 2007, Podolski received less playing time due to coach Ottmar Hitzfeld's preference to partner Miroslav Klose and Toni together instead. However, Bayern ended the 2007–08 season by winning a league and cup double, giving Podolski the first major silverware of his career.

Despite former national team coach Jürgen Klinsmann taking charge of Bayern for the 2008–09 season, Podolski again failed to break into the team's regular first choice line-up. After a rather unhappy spell at Bayern, he returned to former club Köln on 1 July 2009.

Return to 1. FC Köln
After Podolski was assured by national team coach Joachim Löw that a return to FC Köln would not harm his chances of international football, an agreement to sign him was agreed between Bayern Munich and Köln in January 2009, although he would not return to Köln until the start of the summer transfer window. On 1 July, Podolski returned to Köln on a four-year contract, at a reported fee of around €10 million, equivalent to the fee Bayern paid to sign him in 2006. Köln created a website where people were able to buy pixels of an image of Podolski for €25 per 8x8 pixel square, in order to gather €1 million to reduce the cost of the transfer; Formula One driver and Köln supporter Michael Schumacher bought several pixels for €875.

Having just moved from Bayern Munich, Podolski had a poor first season at Köln, scoring just three times the entire season. One of his goals however, came from a free kick against his former club to salvage a draw.

In the 2010–11 season, Podolski scored his 50th Bundesliga goal in the match against Hannover 96 in March 2011. Throughout the entire season, Podolski scored 13 goals and made seven assists.

The 2011–12 season was the final season in his second spell for Köln. Despite the team's relegation to the 2. Bundesliga, Podolski scored 18 goals in 29 league Bundesliga appearances.

Out of respect for his loyalty and achievements for the club, 1. FC Köln chose to retire his famous No. 10 shirt as long as he is an active football player. However, Köln began assigning the number 10 shirt again at the start of the 2014–15 Bundesliga season.

2012–13 season
Podolski was linked with Premier League club Arsenal throughout the 2012 winter transfer window but no deal materialised. However, on 30 April 2012, it was officially announced that Podolski had signed for Arsenal on a long-term deal, for an undisclosed fee. On 12 August 2012, Podolski started for Arsenal in a pre-season match against his former club, Köln, scoring twice, once from a penalty in a 4–0 victory. Podolski took the number 9 from Park Chu-Young, who had been loaned out to Celta Vigo, after the number 10 shirt vacated by Robin van Persie was given to Jack Wilshere. Podolski then started in his first official match for Arsenal against Sunderland on the opening day of the Premier League on 18 August 2012. He played 63 minutes before being subbed off for another 2012 summer signing, Olivier Giroud, in the match which finished 0–0. He scored his first goal for Arsenal on 2 September in a 2–0 win against Liverpool at Anfield whilst also providing the assist for Santi Cazorla to score his first for the Gunners. Podolski scored his second goal for Arsenal in the following game, scoring a free-kick from 25 yards in a 6–1 victory against Southampton.

On 18 September 2012, he scored his first UEFA Champions League goal for the Gunners in a 2–1 away win against Montpellier. In Arsenal's second game in the Champions League, Podolski scored again as Arsenal defeated Greek champions Olympiacos 3–1 on 3 October. Podolski then scored his first goal in more than a month against Fulham in a thrilling 3–3 draw. On 17 November, Podolski scored his fourth League goal as Arsenal defeated Tottenham 5–2 in the North London derby. He then helped Arsenal qualify for the last 16 of the Champions League by scoring the second goal as Arsenal beat Montpellier 2–0. Podolski then played a pivotal part in an impressive 5–2 win away from home against Reading at the Madejski Stadium, scoring the first goal and assisting 2 more, which had helped teammate Santi Cazorla to score his first ever hat-trick. On 30 December 2012, Podolski played an integral part of the team that beat Newcastle 7–3. His first contribution was an incisive pass to Theo Walcott for Arsenal's first goal. In addition, due to Newcastle's failure to clear the ball off their line, Podolski pounced on a header for his last goal of 2012. He was substituted for Aaron Ramsey to a standing ovation. On 23 January 2013, Podolski produced an impressive performance as Arsenal beat West Ham 5–1, scoring one goal and setting up three others. On 2 February 2013, Podolski scored the only goal via a deflected free-kick to earn the Gunners a 1–0 victory over Stoke City. On 13 April, Podolski sealed a 3–1 win over Norwich City by scoring his first goal since February. After Giroud's three-game ban appeal was rejected, Podolski began playing as a centre forward, starting with the 1–1 draw against Manchester United. Podolski then scored twice in a 4–1 victory over Wigan Athletic, resulting in Wigan's relegation from the Premier League. Podolski ended his first season in Arsenal with a total of 16 goals and 11 assists.

2013–14 season
On 24 August 2013, Podolski netted his first goals of the 2013–14 season, scoring twice for Arsenal away at Fulham in a 3–1 win. However, he was injured in his next match in the Champions League qualifier against Fenerbahçe and was ruled out for 10 weeks. Podolski returned for Arsenal against West Ham United in a 3–1 win on Boxing Day, scoring the team's third goal in the 79th minute. Podolski netted his first two goals in 2014 with a brace in a 4–0 FA Cup fourth round win over Coventry City. He later scored in a 2–1 FA Cup win over Liverpool in February to send Arsenal through to the quarter-finals of the competition.

Podolski scored two goals in March as he began to feature more regularly in the Gunners starting line-up. His first was a goal against his former club, FC Bayern Munich, in the return leg of the UEFA Champions League last 16 tie. Podolski's goal proved nothing more than a consolation, as Arsenal crashed out of Europe, losing 3–1 on aggregate to the defending champions.

His second goal in March was an equaliser against Swansea City in the Premier League clash. A minute after scoring, Podolski provided an assist for teammate Olivier Giroud, who gave Arsenal a 2–1 lead. However, a last minute own goal by Mathieu Flamini meant the game finished 2–2 and effectively ended Arsenal's hopes of lifting the Premier League title for another season.

Arsenal qualified for the FA Cup final on 12 April following a win against Wigan, in which Podolski was substituted after 68 minutes. He scored twice in Arsenal's next game, a 3–1 win against West Ham United at the Emirates Stadium and followed that display up with another brace in Arsenal's next game, a 3–0 win away to Hull City. He started in the 2014 FA Cup Final against Hull City and left the pitch for Yaya Sanogo after 61 minutes as Hull led Arsenal 1–2. Arsenal went on to win the game 3–2 after extra time, thereby ending the club's nine-year trophy drought.

2014–15 season
After winning the World Cup for Germany, Podolski and compatriots Per Mertesacker and Mesut Özil were excused by Arsenal from the 2014 Community Shield, which they won 3–0 against Manchester City.

In November, Podolski spoke about his unrest with his current role with Arsenal and his lack of game time, saying: "Of course I am not happy with my situation right now. I can't be satisfied with that. It is hard when you can't do what you love."

Inter Milan (loan)
On 5 January 2015, Arsenal announced that Podolski had completed a move to Serie A club Inter Milan on loan for the remainder of the 2014–15 season. He joined the side for training after the deal was finalised ahead of their league match away to Juventus on 6 January. In the 1–1 draw at the Juventus Stadium, he came on as a substitute for Zdravko Kuzmanović after 54 minutes. Podolski was not named in Inter's squad list for the knockout stages of the UEFA Europa League with coach Roberto Mancini preferring Xherdan Shaqiri over the German international. On 28 April 2015, Podolski scored his only goal with Inter to win the match 2–1 in the 65th minute against Udinese.

Galatasaray
Podolski signed a three-year contract with Turkish club Galatasaray on 4 July 2015 for an initial fee of £1.8 million, after which the Süper Lig champions will pay Arsenal £2.1 million for three consecutive seasons thereafter. He instantly won the Turkish Super Cup. In the final of the Turkish Cup on 26 May 2016, he scored the decisive goal for Galatasaray in the 1–0 win over Fenerbahçe.

Vissel Kobe
On 2 March 2017, Podolski announced his transfer to Japanese club Vissel Kobe after the completion of the Turkish season. On 29 July 2017, he played his first match for Vissel Kobe and scored two goals in a 3–1 win over Omiya Ardija in the J1 League. On 11 August 2018, he assisted Andrés Iniesta's first goal in the J1 League in a 2–1 win over Jubilo Iwata.

On 8 December 2019, he scored a hat-trick in a 4–1 win over Júbilo Iwata. It was his first hat-trick in the J1 League.

On 1 January 2020, Podolski won his first trophy in Japan, starting in Vissel Kobe's 2–0 victory over Kashima Antlers in the final of the 2019 Emperor's Cup; it was also the club's first ever major trophy.

Antalyaspor
On 23 January 2020, Podolski joined Antalyaspor on a one-and-a-half-year contract.

Górnik Zabrze
On 6 July 2021, Podolski was announced by the Ekstraklasa club Górnik Zabrze, having signed a one-year contract that comes with the option of another year, and with the club being probably his last club before retiring, after stating it's his dream to finish his footballing career playing for Górnik. He made his debut on 30 July, coming on as a substitute in a 3–1 league home defeat against Lech Poznań at the Arena Zabrze. On 21 November 2021, he scored his first goal for Górnik Zabrze, in the Ekstraklasa home fixture against Legia Warsaw 3–2.

On 19 May 2022, Podolski agreed to a one-year contract extension. On 5 November 2022, he scored a goal from inside his own half in a 4–1 away win against Pogoń Szczecin. On 19 May 2023, he extended his Górnik contract until 2025.

International debut and breakthrough
In late 2003, after several impressive performances in his first few Bundesliga games, Polish media suggested then-Poland national team coach Paweł Janas should check Podolski out, as he was still eligible to play for Poland. Janas ignored the request stating in one of the press interviews that "as for today we have much better strikers in Poland and I don't see a reason to call up a player just because he played one or two good matches in the Bundesliga. He's not even a regular starter at his club." By that time Podolski was still interested in representing Poland, but as the season progressed German media increasingly highlighted his performances to suggest he should be called up to the Germany national team. When his full potential was finally unveiled, he had already decided to represent Germany. At the end of the season Köln were relegated, but Podolski impressed so much, that he held his debut for Rudi Völler's Germany on 6 June 2004, at age 19, in Kaiserslautern against Hungary with a late substitute appearance. He had become the first second-division player since 1975 to break into the national team.

Euro 2004
Podolski played for Germany at Euro 2004, where he was the squad's youngest player. He made one substitute appearance in the game against the Czech Republic, when he came on for Torsten Frings at half-time.

2006 World Cup
Podolski was selected in the Germany squad for the 2006 World Cup, where he partnered Miroslav Klose as the attack duo in the starting lineup. He scored his first World Cup goal in Germany's third group match against Ecuador, and both goals in the 2–0 win over Sweden in the round of 16. He became the first player since 1962 to score two goals in the first 12 minutes of a World Cup match and only the third player ever to accomplish the feat. Germany finished third in the tournament, and while his teammate Miroslav Klose won the Golden Boot competition, Podolski's three goals tied him for second place with Ronaldo, Thierry Henry, Fernando Torres, David Villa, Maxi Rodríguez, Hernán Crespo and Zinedine Zidane. Podolski was named the World Cup's Best Young Player ahead of players like Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo.

UEFA Euro 2008
In a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying game against San Marino in Serravalle Podolski netted four goals in Germany's record 13–0 thrashing. He is one of only four German players to score four goals in an international match. He was the third after Gerd Müller and Michael Ballack, and since this, Mario Gómez has accomplished this feat. In Germany's 4–1 win against Slovakia in Bratislava on 11 October 2006, he scored the first and the last German goal, both on assists by Miroslav Klose. He has continued to score goals at an astonishing rate. On 17 November 2007, in a Euro qualifier match against Cyprus, Podolski was involved in every goal in Germany's 4–0 victory. This was one of Podolski's best performances for the national team. Even though he played out of his natural position, playing at left midfield, he netted one goal himself and was voted Man of the Match.

On 8 June 2008, Podolski made his Euro 2008 entrance against debutants Poland in a Group B match in Klagenfurt, Austria. He scored both goals in a 2–0 victory. He avoided celebrating his goals, however, to show respect for his country of birth. After the game he gave an emotional interview on Polish television. The goals put him in the lead in the Euro 2008 goal-scoring list for two days until David Villa scored a hat-trick for Spain against Russia.

On 12 June, Germany played Croatia in their second Group B match, again in Klagenfurt. Podolski scored the German team's only goal of the game in the 79th minute, by which time the Croatians were already leading 2–0. He did not celebrate this goal either despite it putting him joint first on the Euro 2008 goal-scoring list with David Villa. Podolski's goal was not enough to snatch a draw, with Croatia holding out for a 2–1 victory over Germany. On 19 June, Germany played Portugal in the quarterfinal in Basel, Podolski was instrumental in the first goal, whipping a cross into the penalty box that was slotted home by Bastian Schweinsteiger in the 22nd minute to give Germany a 1–0 lead.

On the international scene, Podolski seemed to be gravitating towards an attacking left midfield role from his traditional place as a striker. Initially, Löw had moved him to the wing in order to accommodate the partnership of Klose and Mario Gómez up front. When this backfired, he resumed his forward position in the UEFA Euro 2008 Final, but was unable to prevent Germany losing 1–0 to Spain. In a controversial incident, Podolski was headbutted by Spanish midfielder David Silva, although this went unnoticed by the referee and his assistants, and went unpenalised. Podolski was named in the 23-man squad as one of the players of the tournament along with countrymen Michael Ballack and Philipp Lahm.

2010 World Cup
On 6 September 2008, Podolski scored the opening two goals in Germany's first 2010 World Cup qualifier against Liechtenstein in Vaduz; a match that ended in a 6–0 victory for the Germans. He scored the opener in the 2–1 home win over Russia on 11 October, when he turned Vasili Berezutski on the edge of the penalty area, before unleashing a powerful shot past Russia's goalkeeper Akinfeev. He finished the qualification campaign second highest scorer of Group 4 with six goals, behind teammate Miroslav Klose's 7. During one of the qualifying matches, he was involved in a bust-up with team captain Michael Ballack.

On 13 June 2010, Podolski, who had become accustomed to his position as a winger scored the first goal in Germany's World Cup opening game in a 4–0 win against Australia, before assisting teammate Thomas Müller for the third goal. On 18 June, Podolski missed a second-half penalty after a handling infraction committed by Nemanja Vidić in the 1–0 loss to Serbia. The German team had gone down to 10-men after a second yellow was shown to Miroslav Klose in the 36th minute. Even though the Germans played with 10-men throughout the rest of the game, Podolski had numerous chances on goal. However, he was unable to capitalize, and the game ended in a surprise defeat for the Germans. However, he managed to score against England in the last 16, giving Germany a 2–0 advantage in the first half. They went on to beat England 4–1. In the quarter-final against Argentina, Podolski provided the assist for the first of Klose's two goals, bringing the score to 2–0. The Germans won the match 4–0.

Euro 2012
During qualification, Podolski provided assists for three goals and scored three times, helping Germany to win all ten matches of their qualification campaign. During Euro 2012, Podolski started all three of Germany's Group B games, the third being his 100th appearance for Germany; a game in which he also scored. Podolski's last game at Euro 2012 was the successful Italy national team in the semi-finals against Germany, 2–1.

2014 World Cup
Podolski was part of Germany's 2014 World Cup campaign. Prior to the tournament, he played in five qualification matches. In the World Cup finals in Brazil, he appeared in the victories over USA and Portugal in the group stages, but did not play the full 90 minutes. Germany went on to become World Champions.

Euro 2016 and retirement
Podolski was included in the squad for UEFA Euro 2016. He made a substitute appearance against Slovakia during the tournament. After the tournament, on 15 August, he announced his retirement from international football (effective 23 March 2017) saying he wants to shift his focus and spend more time with his family. He was given his last ever international appearance for Germany against England on 22 March 2017 where he scored the winning goal.

Style of play
Podolski possesses an explosive and accurate shot, reaching speeds of nearly 100 mph. Arsene Wenger described Podolski saying "He's certainly one of the best finishers I've ever seen...If there's one you want to see in front of the goal in a shooting position, it's him". In his early years, Podolski possessed explosive speed with great acceleration which was later affected by some lengthy injuries. He usually cuts inside either to shoot or pass the ball. Podolski is a physically strong player able to hold up the ball and produce key passes. Podolski has good dribbling and technical skills and is also a good crosser of the ball having set up many goals for his teammates from the left side. He is a penalty specialist, having missed only two penalties in his career.

International

 * Scores and results list Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Podolski goal.

Honours
1. FC Köln
 * 2. Bundesliga: 2004–05

Bayern Munich
 * Bundesliga: 2007–08
 * DFB-Pokal: 2007–08
 * DFL-Ligapokal: 2007

Arsenal
 * FA Cup: 2013–14
 * FA Community Shield: 2014

Galatasaray
 * Turkish Cup: 2015–16
 * Turkish Super Cup: 2015, 2016

Vissel Kobe
 * Emperor's Cup: 2019

Germany
 * FIFA World Cup: 2014; third place: 2006, 2010
 * UEFA European Championship runner-up 2008

Individual
 * 2.Bundesliga Top scorer: 2004–05
 * FIFA World Cup Best Young Player: 2006
 * Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2006, 2010, 2014
 * Silver Shoe: Euro 2008
 * UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament: 2008
 * kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2010–11
 * Goal of the Year (Germany): 2017
 * Ekstraklasa Top assists provider: 2022–23

Charity and philanthropy

Podolski is the founder of the Lukas Podolski Foundation for Sport and Education (Lukas Podolski Stiftung für Sport und Bildung), whose objectives are to provide opportunities for socially disadvantaged children and youth, combat child poverty, and advance social inclusion, integration, and international understanding.

He is also an ambassador of the Christian Children's Fund the Ark (Die Arche). One of his projects is a community day care centre for children located in a distressed part of Praga-Północ district in Warsaw, Poland, opened in 2014. The facility is run by Arka Fundacja Dzieci sponsored by Podolski's foundation.

Personal life
Podolski was born to Waldemar Podolski and Krystyna Podolska in the Silesian industrial city of Gliwice near Katowice in Poland. Waldemar is a former footballer who played in Poland and Germany. Krystyna is a former member of the Poland national handball team.

In 1987, when Podolski was two years old, his family emigrated from Poland to West Germany and were given Aussiedler status as a result of his paternal grandparents having German citizenship prior to World War II (Gliwice was a part of Germany until 1945 as Gleiwitz). Podolski grew up in Bergheim, North Rhine-Westphalia, and later in Pulheim, both near Cologne.

Podolski possesses dual citizenship, both German and Polish, but has stated that he does not have a Polish passport. In an interview Podolski said that the Polish Football Association never cared about him until he started playing for the German under-21 team and received coverage in the media. At that point, Podolski had already decided to play for Germany, but nevertheless "there are two hearts beating" in his chest. Podolski speaks Polish and sometimes communicated with Bayern Munich and Germany strike partner Miroslav Klose, also a Polish-born Aussiedler, in Polish to hinder their opposition's understanding of their conversation. Podolski is a fan of KS Górnik Zabrze, a football team based 10 km from his place of birth.

In April 2011, Podolski married his longtime girlfriend Monika Puchalski in Cologne, Germany. They had a church wedding in Kamionna, Węgrów County, Poland in June 2011. They have a son born 14 April 2008, a daughter, born 6 June 2016, and a third child. They currently reside in Katowice, Poland, where Podolski owns an apartment in the Pierwsza Dzielnica neighborhood.

Podolski owns an ice cream parlour and a kebab shop in Cologne.

On 30 June 2021, Podolski was announced as a judge for the 15th season of Das Supertalent, the German version of Got Talent. He will become the first association football player to judge any version of the franchise owned by Simon Cowell.

title: Lukas Podolski


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Queen sacrifice

In chess, a queen sacrifice is a move that sacrifices a queen, the most powerful piece, in return for some compensation, such as a tactical or positional advantage.

Queen sacrifice: real versus sham
In his book The Art of Sacrifice in Chess, Rudolf Spielmann distinguishes between real and sham sacrifices. A sham sacrifice leads to a and immediate benefit for the sacrificer, usually in the form of a quick checkmate (or perpetual check or stalemate if seeking a draw), or the recouping of the sacrificed  after a forced. Since any amount of material can be sacrificed as long as checkmate will be achieved, the queen is not above being sacrificed as part of a combination.

Possible reasons for a sham queen sacrifice include:

 * a forced checkmate (or stalemate or perpetual check if seeking a draw) after the opponent takes the queen;
 * more than adequate material compensation (say, a rook and two knights) after a forced continuation;
 * clearing the way for a pawn's promotion to a replacement queen along with some other advantage;
 * the subsequent capture of the opponent's queen along with some positional or material gain.

Despite the terminology "sham", sham queen sacrifices are still often considered brilliancies and are often featured in famous games.

On the other hand, "real" sacrifices, according to Spielmann, are those where the compensation is not immediate, but more positional in nature. Because the queen is the most powerful piece (see chess piece relative value), positional sacrifices of the queen virtually always entail some partial material compensation (for example, sacrificing the queen for a rook and bishop).

An opportunity may arise where a player trades off their queen for other pieces which may together be of equal or greater value than the queen. Bent Larsen remarks that giving up the queen for a rook and two is sometimes called a "queen sacrifice", but since a rook plus two minor pieces is more valuable than the queen, he says it should not be considered a sacrifice.

Anderssen vs. Kieseritzky, 1851
A celebrated game by Adolf Anderssen, the Immortal Game, featured a queen sacrifice as part of White's final mating combination. In the diagram position Anderssen gave up his queen with 22.Qf6+! to deflect Black's knight: the game continued 22...Nxf6 23.Be7#. This is an example of a sham queen sacrifice, as the sacrifice resulted in checkmate only one move later. White was able to mate since his minor pieces were clustered around the Black king, while Black's pieces were either undeveloped or trapped in the white camp and so unable to defend.

Anderssen vs. Dufresne, 1852
In another celebrated game by Anderssen, the Evergreen Game, Anderssen once again sacrificed his queen for a mating combination, playing 21.Qxd7+!!. The game continued 21...Kxd7 22.Bf5+ Ke8 23.Bd7+ Kf8 24.Bxe7#. The game is another example of a sham queen sacrifice. Although Black is on the verge of checkmating White, his defences around his king are weak, so White was able to mate.

Spielmann vs. Moeller, 1920
For an example of a "real" (positional) queen sacrifice, Rudolf Spielmann presented this game against Jorgen Moeller in Gothenburg 1920. In the first diagram Black threatens 9...Bg4 winning the queen, since it must not leave the f2-square unguarded under threat of checkmate. But Spielmann played 9.Nd2! allowing Black to win his queen, and after 9...Bg4 10.Nxe4 Bxf3 11.Nxf3 Qh6 12.Nf6+ Kd8 13.h4 the position in the second diagram was reached. White has only a knight and bishop for his queen and pawn, but his minor pieces are very active and the black queen is out of play. White won on move 28.

Pilnik vs. Reshevsky, 1942
A queen sacrifice can sometimes be used as a resource to draw. Here Hermann Pilnik (White) is defending an endgame three pawns down, but played Qf2!, when Samuel Reshevsky (Black) had nothing better than ...Qxf2 stalemate.

Byrne vs. Fischer, 1956
In The Game of the Century, Bobby Fischer uncorked a queen sacrifice to obtain a winning material advantage. In the first diagram, White's king is stuck in the center and Black has control of the open e-file. Fischer ignored the threat to his queen and played 17...Be6!!. The game continued 18.Bxb6 Bxc4+ 19.Kg1 Ne2+ 20.Kf1 Nxd4+ 21.Kg1 Ne2+ 22.Kf1 Nc3+ 23.Kg1 axb6 24.Qb4 Ra4 25.Qxb6 Nxd1 and Black has emerged with a large material and positional advantage. He can threaten back-rank mate to win even more material; his pieces are coordinated and White's rook is trapped in the corner. Black went on to win the game.

Carlsen vs. Karjakin, 2016
In the World Chess Championship 2016, Magnus Carlsen defeated Sergey Karjakin in the final tie-break game with the queen sacrifice 50.Qh6+!!. Either way the queen is captured, there is mate on the next move: 50...Kxh6 51.Rh8#, or 50...gxh6 51.Rxf7#.

Other notable games

 * In the Opera Game, Morphy gave his queen in a final sacrifice in order to mate.
 * In the Gold Coins Game, Marshall's final move placed the queen on a square where it could be captured by three different pieces, with any capture leading to victory, triggering a shower of gold coins according to legend.
 * In a friendly game between Edward Lasker and George Alan Thomas, Lasker found a celebrated queen sacrifice which initiated a king hunt, bringing the black king to White's first, where it was mated.
 * Philidor's Legacy refers to a smothered mate involving a queen sacrifice.
 * In a whirlwind of tactics, Bent Larsen sacrificed his queen to defeat World Champion Tigran Petrosian in 1966.
 * In an blitz Chess.com game played in 2020, Brazilian grandmaster Luis Paulo Supi used a queen sacrifice to defeat World Champion Magnus Carlsen. The match was subsequently named "the Brazilian Immortal".

title: Queen sacrifice


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Ursa Major Dwarf

Ursa Major Dwarf is a name for two dwarf spheroidal galaxies orbiting the Milky Way Galaxy.

 * Ursa Major I Dwarf, also called UMa I dSph, was discovered in 2005.
 * Ursa Major II Dwarf, also called UMa I| dSph, was discovered in 2006.

title: Ursa Major Dwarf


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Talk:Aleurites

The oil from the Aleurites Fordii nut (from the tung tree) is known as "tung oil" and is used as a penetrating wood finish. The nut from Aleurites Moluccana is used, ground to a pulp, in Indonesian cuisine. It is known as "Kemiri" or "Buah Keras".

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title: Talk:Aleurites


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Jurica Vranješ

Jurica Vranješ (born 31 January 1980) is a Croatian former professional footballer. He was described as versatile midfielder, playing both as a defensive and a central midfielder, noted for his tackling and passing abilities.

Club career
Vranješ was born in Osijek, Croatia. He started playing in NK Osijek where he played between 1997 and 1999. Some websites say Vranješ started his career at FK Vojvodina, but Vranješ himself explained how those websites confused their statistics with another player, Mićo Vranješ, playing back then in Vojvodina.

After playing with Osijek in the Prva HNL, he then moved to Bayer Leverkusen where he played three seasons until moving to VfB Stuttgart in 2003 and finally to Werder Bremen in 2005. In August 2009 Werder Bremen announced that he could leave the club. On 29 January 2010, he left Werder Bremen and was loaned to Gençlerbirliği for the rest of the season.

In September 2011, Vranješ joined Aris Saloniki He made his debut in the yellow jersey against Olympiacos. His contract was terminated on 10 January 2012. In May 2012, he joined Rijeka in Croatia, where he played six games before his contract with the club was terminated in November 2012.

International career
Vranješ made his debut for Croatia in a June 1999 Korea Cup match against Egypt and earned a total of 26 caps, scoring no goals. He was part of the national team squad at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, where he played in two games. He also played in the Croatian team at the 1998 Under-18 European Championship when Croatia won the third place. His final international was an October 2007 friendly match against Slovakia.

Honours
Osijek
 * Croatian Cup: 1999

Bayer Leverkusen
 * Bundesliga runner-up: 1999–00 2001–02
 * DFB-Pokal runner-up: 2002
 * UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2001–02

Werder Bremen
 * Bundesliga runner-up: 2005–06, 2007–08
 * DFB-Pokal: 2009
 * DFL-Ligapokal: 2006
 * DFL-Supercup: 2009
 * UEFA Cup runner-up: 2008–09

Individual
 * Croatian Footballer Hope of the Year: 1998

title: Jurica Vranješ


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Northside (band)

Northside are an English alternative rock band from Blackley and Moston in north Manchester, England. Formed in 1989, they released their only album, Chicken Rhythms, on Factory Records in 1991. The band became part of the 1990s Madchester/baggy/indie-rave scene.

Career
Northside was formed by Warren "Dermo" Dermody (vocals/lyrics) and Cliff Ogier (bass). They were later joined by Michael Upton (guitar) and Paul Walsh (drums). Upton was replaced by Timmy Walsh before the release of their first single, "Shall We Take a Trip".

Chart success
"Shall We Take a Trip" was banned by the BBC for its many references to drugs (specifically LSD), but despite the lack of airplay it eventually broke into the Top 50 in the UK Singles Chart.

The next single from Chicken Rhythms, "My Rising Star", was released in October 1990 and reached No. 32, staying on the chart for 7 weeks.

The album itself peaked at No. 19 in June 1991. It was produced by Ian Broudie.

In 1991, Northside scored a minor hit in the United States when their single "Take 5" reached No. 5 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart for the week of 5 October. It also reached No. 34 on the Dance/Club Play Songs charts that same month. The band performed "Take 5" on Top of the Pops on 6 June 1991, a rare occasion where a song that was not in the Top 40 was played on the show. That week the single was at No.41 and would peak at No.40.

Second album and breakup
A second album was recorded, with a planned release date and a catalogue number for the first single "Want a Virgin", however Northside's label Factory Records declared bankruptcy in November 1992 and the band split up.

Post-split
In 2003, Dermo and Ogier formed the band Silent Partners, with drummer Malc Law and guitarist Danny Yates; however Ogier left and was replaced by Dom Morrison. The band toured extensively in the UK, opening for Happy Mondays.

Drummer Paul Walsh went on to record and tour with Manchester rock outfit Sons of the Stage, releasing an independent LP, Angel Hill.

In 2006, Northside played gigs in Leeds and Manchester, however singer Dermo was the only returning original member. Chicken Rhythms was also re-issued in 2006 on LTM Recordings.

In 2006, BBC 6 Music played the song "Shall We Take a Trip" in its entirety on the Marc Riley show, and again on the Steve Lamacq show in 2016 as part of the My Generation series on 1989. "Shall We Take a Trip" was also used as Granada's Soccer Night theme tune throughout the 1990s.

Dermo formed V Thirteen in March 2011 with Matt Rynn, Doug McCloud and Miz DeShannon. V Thirteen is named after a song by Big Audio Dynamite.

Reunion
In late 2013, Northside announced that they were reforming with all four original members. They toured England in April and May 2014.

In 2017, Dermo went solo with his debut single "Vultures" on Eromeda Records.

Tim Walsh worked as a sound engineer for 25 years, on shows such as Brookside and Hollyoaks. He died on 19 August 2019.

Selected discography
Vinyl Releases on Factory Records:

Albums

 * 1991: Chicken Rhythms FAC 310 – UK No. 19

Singles
* longer version.
 * 1990: "Shall We Take a Trip" / "Moody Places" FAC 268 (12")
 * 1990: "Shall We Take a Trip" / "Moody Places" FAC 268/7 (7") – UK No. 50
 * 1990: "My Rising Star"* / Instrumental FAC 298 (12")
 * 1990: "My Rising Star" / Instrumental FAC 298/7 (7") – UK No. 32
 * 1991: "Take 5"* / "Who's to Blame" (Instrumental) FAC 308 (12")
 * 1991: "Take 5" / "Who's to Blame" (Instrumental) FAC 308-7 (7") – UK No. 40

Music videos

 * "Shall We Take a Trip"
 * "My Rising Star"
 * "Take 5"

title: Northside (band)


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Live at the Bottom of the Hill in San Francisco

Live at the Bottom of the Hill in San Francisco is a live album by Avail recorded during a show at Bottom of the Hill in San Francisco in 1997. The show was part of Avail's tour supporting their latest studio album, 4am Friday, which was released in 1996. Live at the Bottom... was released on Lookout! Records in 1998.

Track listing

 * 1) "South Bound 95" (Dixie) - 1:32
 * 2) "Stride" (Satiate) - 2:55
 * 3) "Order" (4am Friday) - 1:46
 * 4) "Tuning" (Dixie) - 2:31
 * 5) "Fix" (4am Friday) - 2:12
 * 6) "FCA" (4am Friday) - 2:24
 * 7) "Pinned Up" (Satiate) - 2:41
 * 8) "Nickel Bridge" (Over the James - unreleased at time) - 1:46
 * 9) "Simple Song" (4am Friday) - 3:07
 * 10) "Clone" (Dixie) - 2:19
 * 11) "Nameless" (4am Friday) - 3:22
 * 12) "Scuffle Town" (Over the James - unreleased at time) - 1:19
 * 13) "Blue Ridge" (4am Friday) - 3:55
 * 14) "Virus" (Dixie) - 2:35
 * 15) "Model" (Dixie) - 3:54


text: User talk:82.68.35.230

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Jaroměř

Jaroměř (Jermer) is a town in Náchod District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 13,000 inhabitants. It is known for the Josefov Fortress. Josefov is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation, the historic town centre of Jaroměř is procected as an urban monument zone.

Administrative parts
The town parts of Cihelny, Jakubské Předměstí, Josefov and Pražské Předměstí and the villages of Dolní Dolce, Jezbiny, Semonice and Starý Ples are administrative parts of Jaroměř.

Geography
Jaroměř is located about 18 km west of Náchod and 16 km northeast of Hradec Králové. It lies mostly in a flat agricultural landscape of the East Elbe Table. The eastern tip of the municipal territory extends into the Orlice Table. The highest point is at 291 m above sea level.

The town lies at the confluence of the rivers Elbe, Úpa and Metuje. There is also the confluence of the Metuje and Stará Metuje, which flows through the eastern part of the territory. There are several fishponds in the municipal territory; the largest of them is Jaroměřský in the northern part.

In the area between the Metuje and Stará Metuje rivers is the Josefov Meadows Bird Reserve. It is home to many rare and endangered species of birds and amphibians thanks to its returning wetlands ecosystem.

History
The area around the local rivers was populated as early as 40,000 BC. The first written mention of Jaroměř is from 1126, when a fortress founded by Duke Jaromír is documented in the area of today's Church of Saint Nicholas. The village was probably promoted to a royal town by King Ottokar I of Bohemia and first referred to as a town in 1298. In 1307, it became a dowry town administered by Queen Elizabeth Richeza.

During the Hussite Wars, the town surrounded to Hussites. In 1437, it became a dowry town of Queen Barbara of Cilli, but the citizens did not want to give up its privileges and submit to the Queen. Barbara pledged the town to King George of Poděbrady in 1445. At the end of the 15th century, the town was badly damaged by a fire. After it recovered, it suffered during the Thirty Years' War. Despite the war, several Renaissance and Baroque monuments were created here at this time. In 1791, Jaroměř became again a royal town.

From 1780 to 1787, Emperor Joseph II had built the imperial fortress Ples on the left bank of the Elbe and Metuje rivers to prevent the threat of a Prussian invasion. Later this conurbation took the name of Josefstadt (Josefov in Czech, literally "Joseph's Town"). The fortress was never attacked and was closed in 1888.

In the 19th century, industry and business developed in Jaroměř. The railway was built in 1857.

In 1948, the town of Josefov and the villages of Dolní Dolce and Jezbiny were incorporated into Jaroměř.

Economy
There are no major companies. The largest employers are the companies of Gumotex Automotive Jaroměř and Karsit, both manufacturers of automotive parts and both employing more than 250 people.

Transport
The D11 motorway runs west of the town.

Jaroměř lies on the interregional railway lines Prague–Trutnov and Liberec–Pardubice. In addition, the town lies on the line from Hradec Králové to Svoboda nad Úpou.

Culture
Each summer, the town hosts the four-day Brutal Assault, the biggest central European extreme metal music festival. Over 10,000 metalheads from all over Europe attends the festival.

Sights
Jaroměř is best known for the Josefov Fortress. The fortress with the underground system is accessible and is one of the main tourist destinations of the region. In Josefov there is also the Church of the Ascension of the Virgin Mary. It was built in the Empire style in 1805–1811.

The historic centre of Jaroměř is located around the meander of the Elbe. On the square there is a Marian column designed by Matthias Braun from 1723–1727. The eastern side of the square is closed by the a town gate with bell tower, the last preserved element of town fortification, and by the Church of Saint Nicholas. It was built in the early 14th century. The church is one of the most significant church buildings of the High Czech Gothic and it used to be part of the fortification. Next to the church is the Baroque building of the rectory from 1786.

Near the village of Semonice is a conciliation cross. With a height of 1.67 m, it is considered the largest in the Czech Republic.

Notable people

 * Géza Fejérváry (1833–1914), Hungarian general
 * Otakar Španiel (1881–1955), sculptor and engraver
 * Josef Šíma (1891–1971), painter
 * Zdeněk Veselovský (1928–2006), zoologist
 * Antonín Švorc (1934–2011), operatic bass-baritone
 * Ivo Pešák (1944–2011), singer and comic performer
 * Jiří Novák (born 1950), ice hockey player
 * Otto Dlabola (born 1973), pair skater
 * Andrea Kalousová (born 1996), model

Twin towns – sister cities
Jaroměř is twinned with:
 * 🏴 Warrington, England, United Kingdom
 * 🇵🇱 Ziębice, Poland

title: Jaroměř


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User:Toi/temp

List of common misspellings

Spelling

perjorative => pejorative

title: User:Toi/temp


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Giorgio Chinaglia

Giorgio Chinaglia (24 January 1947 – 1 April 2012) was an Italian footballer who played as a striker. He grew up and played his early football in Cardiff, Wales, and began his career with Swansea Town in 1964. He later returned to Italy to play for Massese, Internapoli and S.S. Lazio in 1969. Chinaglia led Lazio to the club's first league championship in the 1973–74 season, during which he was also the league's leading scorer. He played international football for Italy, making 14 appearances and scoring 4 goals between 1972 and 1975, including two appearances at the 1974 FIFA World Cup. Chinaglia was the first player in Italian football history to be called up internationally from the second division.

In 1976, Chinaglia left Lazio to sign with the New York Cosmos of the North American Soccer League. With the Cosmos team that also featured Pelé and Franz Beckenbauer, Chinaglia won four league titles, and retired in 1983 as the NASL's all-time leading goal scorer with 193 goals. In 1980 Chinaglia scored a record 50 goals in regular- and post-season play, plus another 26 in friendly matches. In all matches played, including friendly, exhibition and pre-season games, Chinaglia scored 734 goals, giving him a lifetime average of a goal a game.

In 2000, Chinaglia was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in the United States and was named the greatest player in Lazio's history during the club's centenary celebrations; with 29 goals, he is also the highest-scoring Lazio player in international competitions. A prolific goalscorer, some sources state that he is the highest scoring Italian player in all professional competitions, with 398 goals, ahead of Silvio Piola, although this claim is also disputed, as the NASL did not abide to certain FIFA regulations at the time. He is also the Italian player with the best goalscoring ratio in domestic championships, with 319 goals scored in 429 league matches played across both Italy and the United States.

Chinaglia was given the nickname "Long John", a reference to Chinaglia's physical style of play, as well as his resemblance to the similarly large Welsh footballing legend John Charles who also played in Italy and Wales.

Early life
Chinaglia was born in Carrara, Tuscany in 1947, but in 1955, he moved to Cardiff, Wales with his father Mario, mother Giovanna and his sister Rita, because of unemployment in Italy following World War II. Because his family was poor, Chinaglia said, "All four of us lived in one room," he says, "My father was an ironworker and it was tough. I used to take the milk left on people's porches and drink it for breakfast." Chinaglia, whilst living in Cardiff, attended St Mary's of The Angels Catholic Primary School for an unknown period.

Swansea
At age 13, Chinaglia was spotted scoring a hat trick for Cardiff Schools, and joined Swansea Town in the Football League Third Division as an apprentice in 1962.

Chinaglia made his senior debut for Swansea in October 1964 at Rotherham United, with his League debut following in February. His final Swans appearance was in March 1966, coming on as a substitute against Brentford.

With Swansea, Chinaglia won the 1965 West Wales Senior Cup, scoring in the 3–0 victory in the final against Llanelli, and represented the Swansea Senior Association Football League in 1964 in a representative match against the Birmingham & District Works Football Association.

Serie C
In 1966, because of the lack of interest from British clubs and his compulsory Italian military service, Chinaglia, then age 19, and his family moved back to Carrara. He credited the military requirement with getting his career on track, saying, "Otherwise, I'd probably still be in Wales, slogging it out in the mud and drinking ale. The Italian army has a special regiment for soccer players, so all I did in the service was to train all day, and when my club had a game, get a pass."

Chinaglia was banned from playing in Serie A, the top division, for three years because he had played professionally outside of Italy, and his father fixed him up with Massese, a Serie C club in Massa near his home.

The following season, he joined another Serie C club, Internapoli in Naples, where he played two seasons and scored 26 goals in 66 matches.

Lazio
Chinaglia rose to fame as a prolific goalscorer in Italy's Serie A, playing for S.S. Lazio, scoring 12 goals in his debut Serie A season, including a notable goal against European Cup holders Milan, led by Gianni Rivera. He scored nine goals in his second season, which was insufficient to prevent Lazio from being relegated to Serie B the following season. Despite Lazio's poor league form that year, Chinaglia won the Coppa delle Alpi with Lazio in 1971, defeating Basel 3–1 in the final. He helped Lazio to gain promotion to Serie A during the following season, leading the club to a second-place finish in Serie B that year, and finishing the season as the leading goalscorer in Serie B, with 21 goals. The following season, Chinaglia scored 10 goals in Serie A, as Lazio narrowly missed out on the title, losing it to Juventus on the final matchday. During the 1973–74 season, he led the top Italian league in scoring, with 24 goals, and he helped his team to the Serie A title that year, scoring the decisive goal from a penalty in a 1–0 win over Foggia. He was named the club's captain during his final season in Italy, concluding his European career with 14 goals. In total, he scored 98 league goals for Lazio in 209 appearances, 77 of which were scored in Serie A, in 175 appearances. He scored 122 goals in 246 appearances in all competitions for Lazio, scoring 13 goals in 28 Coppa Italia appearances, and nine goals in 11 European matches.

New York Cosmos
In Rome, Chinaglia's family faced abuse from opposing fans and threats of kidnap by terrorist groups, and he voiced frustration at Italian tax and corporate laws that he said led to business failures. In 1972, Chinaglia began investing in American real estate while on a tour of the United States with Lazio. And in 1975, his family bought a house in Englewood, New Jersey with the idea that he would commute to matches from there. Instead, he walked into the office of Clive Toye, then president of the New York Cosmos of NASL, and said he would either play for the Cosmos or buy his own team.

Chinaglia joined the Cosmos in 1976 and finished his career in New York with 397 goals in outdoor games and 38 goals in 21 indoor, a total of 435 goals in 413 matches. He led his team in scoring for 13 straight seasons, six at Lazio and seven at the Cosmos, scored two or more goals 54 times for the Cosmos, of which 14 were playoff games, scored three or more goals in a game 16 times, five in the playoffs, and scored seven goals in a playoff game against the Tulsa Roughnecks in 1980 as well as seven goals in an indoor game against the Chicago Sting on 8 December 1981. Chinaglia won the NASL Most Valuable Player Award in 1981.

Chinaglia scored 49 goals in 41 playoff games for the Cosmos for his career and scored five goals in five Soccer Bowls, three of which were game winners (1977, 1978, and 1982).

In 1980 Chinaglia scored 76 goals in 66 total matches, including 32 goals in 32 regular-season games and 18 goals in seven playoff games. The NASL regular-season record for most goals is also held by Chinaglia with 34 goals in 1978.

In December 1981, Chinaglia played indoor soccer, and in his first game against the Chicago Sting, he set an individual all-time NASL indoor record for most goals in a single match, by scoring seven.

He also became a close associate of Warner Brothers president Steve Ross, part-owner of the franchise, and was known to thoroughly enjoy the cultural diversions that New York provided.

In 1984, Cosmos, facing mounting losses and having never turned a profit, sold 60 percent of the club's ownership to Chinaglia, with no money exchanging hands. Chinaglia, at that time Lazio's president, handed the controls to his personal assistant and general manager Peppe Pinton. When the league and the club folded in 1986, Pinton ended up retaining the rights to the Cosmos name and memorabilia, including trophies and playing gear, associated with the club.

In 2000, he was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame.

In 2009, Pinton sold the Cosmos name to new owners, and in 2014 the new Cosmos team retired Chinaglia's n° 9 jersey. The ceremony was held before a match, with the three children from his first marriage in attendance.

International career

Chinaglia's play with Lazio earned him a place on head coach Ferruccio Valcareggi's shortlist for the Italy squad in the 1970 FIFA World Cup. He did not make the final 22-man squad, but Valcareggi took him to Mexico for experience. Italy reached the final of the tournament.

In 1971, after Lazio were demoted to Serie B, Chinaglia became the first Italy national team player in modern history to be selected from a second-tier division club. Chinaglia scored on his debut in a friendly match against Bulgaria, on 21 June 1972, in Sofia.

In 1973, Chinaglia returned to Britain with the Azzurri to face England in a friendly match. In the 86th minute, Chinaglia beat English defender Bobby Moore and sent in a cross that was tapped in by Fabio Capello, helping Italy to its first win over England at Wembley Stadium.

Along with his teammates Re Cecconi and Wilson, Chinaglia took part in 1974 FIFA World Cup in Germany, although he was used scarcely by Italy manager Ferruccio Valcareggi. Chinaglia became notoriously famous for his strong verbal reaction when he cursed upon being substituted by Valcareggi for Anastasi during his nation's opening match of the tournament against Haïti, which ended in a 3–1 victory to the Italians, although they would later suffer a first round elimination from the competition. With his successor, Fulvio Bernardini, the situation did not improve. In total, he scored 4 goals for Italy in 14 appearances between 1972 and 1975.

Style of play
Regarded as one of the top and most prolific Italian strikers of all time, Chinaglia was a large, strong, fast, and powerful player, with a keen eye for goal. Often described as one of the first true old fashioned centre-forwards in Italy, his physical, determined, and opportunistic style of play was initially seen as unorthodox, but he developed into a prominent and prolific goalscorer. Chinaglia was known for his powerful and accurate shot, heading ability, and clinical finishing, both inside and outside the area, as well as his athletic and acrobatic ability in the air. Although he was not initially regarded as the most talented or technically gifted player, he developed his skill and control with time, showing great technical improvements and finesse later on in his career, which also led him to dribble with the ball at speed during counterattacks on occasion. He was also an accurate penalty taker.

In addition to his footballing attributes, Chinaglia was a confident, charismatic and highly influential player on the pitch, due to his flamboyant, outspoken, eccentric, and extroverted personality, as well as his unique sense of humour with his teammates, which led him to become one of the first true footballing stars. He was also known for his leadership throughout his career, in particular during his time at Lazio. However, despite his prolific goalscoring record, he was criticised at times for being selfish, arrogant, and for his limited work-rate off the ball. Although he was popular with fans and teammates, he also had a controversial, brash, and rebellious character, and an aggressive temper at times, which led to arguments and altercations with some of his managers and teammates throughout his career. He also drew negative attention to himself in the press due to his lifestyle off the pitch, which included certain legal problems throughout his career, as well as accusations of criminal activity.

Personal life
In 1970, married his first wife, Connie Eruzione, daughter of a retired American army sergeant who was living in Italy and cousin of Mike Eruzione, member of the gold medal-winning 1980 United States men's national ice hockey team that won the "Miracle on Ice" game against the Soviet Union. They had three children together: Cynthia, Giorgio Jr. and Stephanie. After his divorce with his first wife, Chinaglia married Angela Cacioppo; they had two children: Anthony and Donald.

In 1979, Chinaglia became a naturalized American citizen, telling The New York Times Magazine reporter Diane Ackerman that he proudly kept his citizenship papers in his locker next to his bottle of Chivas Regal.

In 1996, Chinaglia was given a two-year prison sentence for fraudulent and false bankruptcy in the financial statements attributable to the management of Fin Lazio (1986–87), the financial owner of S.S. Lazio. He was Lazio's club president from 1983 to 1985, and was investigated by Italian authorities over a failed attempt to buy the club in 2006 over money laundering allegations involving suspected associates of the Casalesi clan, a clan of the Camorra crime syndicate. He had previously attempted to buy another Italian club, U.S. Foggia, in 2004, but that attempt also failed after money laundering allegations and he fled to the United States. In October 2006, Chinaglia was also accused of extortion and manipulation and an arrest warrant was issued by the Guardia di Finanza, but he remained a fugitive due to him residing in the United States. In November 2007, Chinaglia was fined €4.2 million by the Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa for the alleged intention of a Hungarian chemical-pharmaceutical group to acquire the majority stake in S.S. Lazio. In July 2008, another arrest warrant was issued to Chinaglia. Football Show co-host Charlie Stillitano said Chinaglia never returned to Italy because "He never wanted to take the chance".

At the time of his death, Chinaglia was co-host of a daily football talk show, The Football Show on Sirius Satellite Radio.

Chinaglia died in Naples, Florida of a heart attack on 1 April 2012. His body was brought back to Rome for burial at Cimitero Flaminio, in the chapel of the Maestrelli family, where former Lazio coach Tommaso Maestrelli is buried. The Giorgio Chinaglia Foundation, a non-profit organisation to help youth football programmes and disabled children, was later formed by the three children from his first marriage.

Honours
Lazio
 * Serie A: 1973–74
 * Coppa delle Alpi: 1971

New York Cosmos
 * North American Soccer League Soccer Bowl: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982
 * NASL Atlantic/National Conference: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982
 * NASL Regular Season: 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982
 * NASL Eastern Division: 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982

Individual
 * Serie A top scorer: 1973–74
 * Serie B top scorer: 1971–72
 * Coppa delle Alpi top scorer: 1971
 * NASL top scorer: 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981
 * NASL MVP: 1981
 * Soccer Bowl MVP: 1980, 1982
 * NASL All-Stars: First-team: 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980 1981 1982 Second-team: 1983; Honorable mention: 1977
 * N° 9 jersey retired by the Cosmos

title: Giorgio Chinaglia


text:
Primeval Whirl

Primeval Whirl was a steel Wild Mouse roller coaster at Disney's Animal Kingdom at the Walt Disney World Resort. The ride was a spinning roller coaster purchased from Reverchon Industries. The ride was part of Chester and Hester's Dino-Rama, which is itself part of DinoLand U.S.A. It was a roller coaster in the "Mild But Wild Thrills" category. It had cars that spun in circles while traveling on tracks, permitting the ride experience to vary greatly each time it is ridden. The ride featured 13 cars, each seating up to 4 riders. Disney demolished the ride in September of 2021.

Similar to Space Mountain at the Magic Kingdom, Primeval Whirl was actually two roller coasters facing opposite directions. Unlike Space Mountain, both tracks had an identical layout instead of the mirrored track.

History
The original plan for DinoLand U.S.A. was to include a wooden roller coaster named The Excavator. Its concept would utilize mine cart style train cars in a ride through the old work site where, in the backstory for the land, the very first bones were found in Diggs County. Warning signs would flank the entry as guests boarded what could be assumed was an attraction set up by the grad students that ran the nearby dig site. During the ride, guests would pass through dinosaur bones and around the centerpiece for this out-of-control wooden roller coaster: an old excavator that the college kids altered to look like a dinosaur, giving the attraction its name. The Excavator would be cancelled due to budget cuts after the failure of Disneyland Paris, formerly known as Euro Disney. Fortunately, officials revisited the idea of a mine train roller coaster for Expedition Everest, which would open in 2006.

On September 29, 2000, Disney announced that they would be adding new attractions to their Magic Kingdom and Animal Kingdom parks. The Magic Kingdom would be getting The Magic Carpets of Aladdin, a family ride based on the 1992 film Aladdin. Disney's Animal Kingdom would be receiving Chester and Hester's Dino-Rama, which would be located in the DinoLand U.S.A. area. The new section would feature several carnival games and a snack trailer on an old asphalt parking lot across from a gas station and store. Plus, this area would include two new rides, which were Primeval Whirl and TriceraTop Spin. TriceraTop Spin would be similar to The Magic Carpets of Aladdin, while Primeval Whirl would be a dual track spinning Wild Mouse roller coaster built by Reverchon Industries.

Primeval Whirl officially opened to the public on March 31, 2002. It was the first roller coaster to open at Disney's Animal Kingdom.

On June 17, 2019, the ride was reduced to seasonal operation, and later in September, park officials stated that the attraction would only be operating on a seasonal basis. On July 16, 2020, officials confirmed that the attraction would not re-open after various speculation. After the announcement, the ride vehicles were removed from the track.

In September 2021, construction walls were installed in the surrounding area of the attraction. Demolition of the ride began that same month on September 22 with the removal of track sections. The entrance sign was taken down a few days later. By November, both tracks were completely demolished.

Ride
The ride was themed to time travel and to the meteor which was believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. This gave the coaster a storyline very similar to that of Dinosaur, the nearby dark ride.

Reception
Primeval Whirl received mixed reviews from guests, as some praised the theming and dual track ride experience, but others criticized it as not being up to Disney standards. Many guests only saw a cheap carnival with off-the-shelf rides and games sitting in a cracked asphalt parking lot. In reality, it was all carefully designed and constructed to be a loving tribute to the roadside attractions between the 1940s and 1960s before the Interstate Highway System rendered the old routes obsolete. The shabby asphalt was actually carefully textured concrete.

Incidents
On November 29, 2007, a Disney employee, Karen Price, aged 63, died in a hospital after falling from the Primeval Whirl ride platform and hitting her head. Four months later, Disney announced it was adding sensors that would detect if a cast member entered into areas that are off-limits and stop the movement of the ride vehicles in the immediate area.

On March 14, 2011, Russell Sherry Roscoe, aged 52, died after suffering from head trauma while working on a dip on the ride the previous day.

title: Primeval Whirl


text:
Das Schwarze Korps

Das Schwarze Korps (German for "The Black Corps") was the official newspaper of the Schutzstaffel (SS). This newspaper was published on Wednesdays and distributed free of charge. All SS members were encouraged to read it. The chief editor was SS leader Gunter d'Alquen; the publisher was Max Amann of the Franz-Eher-Verlag publishing company. The paper was hostile to many groups, with frequent articles condemning the Catholic Church, Jews, Communism, Freemasonry, and others.

The newspaper was published in close co-operation with the Sicherheitsdienst (SD; Security Service), which had substantial editorial control. The first edition appeared on 6 March 1935. In November of the same year, publication reached 200,000 and by 1944 had increased to 750,000. The newspaper saw some distribution outside Germany.

History and contents
Formed in 1935, Das Schwarze Korps was the official newspaper of the Schutzstaffel (SS). The newspaper was created to be a defender of Nazism, as well as to disseminate and promote the ideological messages of their organization and its leader, Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. The paper was used to reinforce Himmler's beliefs, to identify and attack elements within German society that he found unacceptable, to boost morale among members of the SS, to combat anything considered to be pernicious enemies within the Nazi state, and to encourage the racial doctrine that "pure-blooded Nordics must be bred"—which included promoting the idea that it was partially the responsibility of members of the "elite" SS corps to correspondingly produce "beautiful" illegitimate children. Illegitimate births aside, marriage was depicted as an obligation to the state, part of the mechanism to establish a racially productive community in which individual happiness was of no importance.

In its inaugural edition, Das Schwarze Korps authors reiterated the Nordicist opinion of German scholars like Hans Günther—an important figure in official Nazi Party racial doctrine—that the "cradle of the Nordic peoples" was found "near the North Pole." As the Olympic Games approached, the journal extolled sport as an expression of racial beauty, a means of strengthening the body, the mind, and physical contest as a form of preparation for war, echoing the doctrine of the SS itself. On other occasions the paper served to inform its readers on the pseudo-scientific research Himmler commissioned to support his beliefs in the mystical powers of the ancient Germanic predecessors. In one edition, Das Schwarze Korps reported on the archaeological whereabouts (previously unknown) of Henry I's remains, claiming that, "scientific evidence has established that the remains discovered during excavations in the crypt of Quedlinburg cathedral are in fact those of Henry I."

Besides the esoteric pursuits of Himmler, the SS newspaper strongly criticized party leaders whose worldview differed from SS doctrine. Carefully crafted articles gave SS men and the other readers an elitist image of the organization. This by means of information about the SS, its activities and successes, which were constantly scattered throughout the paper. In place of the traditional aristocracy that existed in Germany and Europe proper, the SS advocated a culture of performance and merit. This included the articulation of new standards; for example, concerning the traditional title of "von" among the Junkers, Das Schwarze Korps quipped:

Das Schwarze Korps routinely contained foreign news reports, analyses of threats, and theoretical essays on Nazi policies. Praise for motherly women and families was contrasted against the women's movement; Nazi doctrine characterized women participating in politics as being too manly and called them "Amazons" so as to discredit them. It had a strong pro-natalist slant, encouraging procreation or adoption. Anti-clerical articles appeared in the paper, many of which attacked senior members of the clergy, each article part of an effort to "demolish the moral authority of the Catholic Church." Christian concepts like original sin were described as "intolerable" ideas that were "incompatible" with Nordic man and the otherwise "heroic ideology" about Germanic blood.

The paper also covered foreign press attacks with instructions on how to refute them. In accordance with doctrines of Blood and Soil, it spoke of the need to break up the aristocratic estates, although this was not implemented. Historian Amy Carney described Das Schwarze Korps as "a conduit through which the SS was able to reveal its ambitions to the German people." Das Schwarze Korps provided members of the SS with articles reminding them of their need to "be mindful of their family's biological heritage when marrying" and for general readers, the paper demonstrated "how dedicated its men were to their Führer and to the Reich and what an example they were setting for the entire Volk by adhering to the principles of eugenics." Individual SS lives were given credence for their collective place in the framework of kith, kin, tribe, and the greater German Reich.

Prior to the passing of the 1935 Nuremberg Laws, the paper called for a law to ban Rassenschande or intercourse between Jews and Germans, as preferable to the extra-legal violence that the SA Stormtroopers indulged in against interracial couples; after that edition, articles on the "Jewish Question" did not increase in number, but did grow more harsh in tone. Judicial leniency was either criticized or ridiculed and a 1937 issue explained the obligation of lawyers to protect the "national community."

In the late 1930s, the paper featured an article written by physicist and Nobel Prize winner Johannes Stark, who argued that the racial, physical triumph of the Aryan over 'the Jew' would only be a "partial victory" unless Jewish ideas and sentiments were not also fully destroyed. Stark added that, "we also have to eradicate the Jewish spirit, whose blood can flow just as undisturbed today as before if its carriers hold beautiful Aryan passes." In October 1938, an editorial argued that German Jews as "are also responsible for whatever world Jewry undertakes against Germany" and that they were also "liable for the damages which world Jewry inflicts and will inflict upon us."

A subsequent edition of Das Schwarze Korps communicated the harsh and foreboding message that if any single Jew harmed a German, they would all be held responsible, while another explicitly stated: "The day a murder weapon that is Jewish or bought by Jews rises against one of the leading men of Germany, there will be no more Jews in Germany!" Immediately in the wake of the carnage of Kristallnacht, Nazi threats became reality and the SS-sponsored paper promoted ideas that anti-Semitism had been prevalent in all racially healthy peoples for thousands of years, but the Nazis were the only ones willing to take practical actions; meanwhile the periodical claimed the international community was full of hypocrites who refused to offer the Jews "safe refuge." Additional propagandistic usage of the SS journal included the promotion of the cult of personality surrounding Adolf Hitler, as his portraits abounded within the text. A telling example of the adulation dedicated to the Nazi leader shows in the following extract from Das Schwarze Korps:

Such deification of Hitler accompanied by anti-Semitic propaganda made the editorial staff of the SS newspaper a responsible entity in the institutional framework of the Holocaust. The newspaper itself is an indictment against the Nazi Party collectively since it revealed even before the war that the SS was prepared to take radical action against the Jews. Besides praising Hitler, the paper made specious claims against any perceived enemy; for example, Jews were portrayed as having an inclination towards Bolshevism (a widely known enemy of the Nazi state) in Das Schwarze Korps, indicated in the following excerpt from the 24 November 1938 edition:

Hate-speech from the editors of the SS newspaper portended the Jews' later fate. Despite the sweeping statements made in the official SS-journal, SD chief Reinhard Heydrich—among the leading perpetrators of the Holocaust—rarely appears within its pages, as he thought it was "ill-organized and poorly written." This did not stop Heydrich from using the paper to reinforce his message that any and all dissenters to the Anschluss with Austria were to be arrested, whether or not they wore a Nazi uniform.

Malleable to the political needs of the Nazi state, Das Schwarze Korps along with the Völkischer Beobachter were both used as propaganda mechanisms to promote the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between the Soviet Union and Germany in August 1939. Commenting accordingly, the SS-newspaper optimistically asserted that the former tsarist empire "had originally been a Germanic state" that saved Prussia twice in the past, and the two countries "had always flourished when they were friends."

During the war, whenever the Waffen-SS would join the army in maneuvers, particularly at Hitler's behest, the instances were proudly reported in Das Schwarze Korps. Deliberate propaganda efforts to bolster morale formed a notable portion of the content of the newspaper, especially in encouraging members of the SS and the public at large to remain prepared to report anyone who might oppose the war effort. For example, a 1943 article told the story of a soldier on leave from Stalingrad who overheard an old woman thought to be mentally impaired complaining about the war; the paper encouraged extreme action against people like this, calling them "cowardly traitors" and claiming in no uncertain terms that such persons deserve the same "harshness that we show toward the enemy, regardless of how stupid and innocuous we find them. This a war for our very survival. He who does not want our victory wants our defeat. He who wants our defeat wants our death."

Das Schwarze Korps was never officially dissolved and continued to publish until Germany's defeat in World War II, with its final edition coming out on March 29, 1945.

title: Das Schwarze Korps


text:
Tangerine (color)

The color tangerine is a tone of orange named after the fruit of the same name.

Use in graphic design
Hues of tangerine are sometimes important to graphic designers when constructing identities, brand recognition, and stand-out ads for clients. Because of the brightness of the color variants, they are often employed to make a small but centrally important object stand out, especially when surrounded by the flat colors of earth tones. Tangerine hues may also be selected as complements to other bright hues, and because of their relative rarity of use.

One of the original "fruit-flavored" iMacs released in 1999 was the Tangerine iMac (Apple could not call it "Orange" due to the existence of the rival firm Orange Micro).

In sports, the English association football club Blackpool play in and are strongly identified with the color of tangerine since 1923.

title: Tangerine (color)


text:
Palomar 4

Palomar 4 is a globular cluster of the Milky Way galaxy belonging to the Palomar Globular Clusters group. It was discovered in 1949 by Edwin Hubble and again in 1955 by A. G. Wilson. It is calculated to be 100000 pc from the Sun.

This star cluster is further away than the SagDEG satellite galaxy.

Initially it was thought to be a dwarf galaxy, and it was given the name Ursa Major Dwarf. However, it was later discovered to be a globular cluster.

title: Palomar 4


text:
Smells Like Nirvana

"Smells Like Nirvana" is a song parody written and performed by American musician "Weird Al" Yankovic. A parody of Nirvana's song "Smells Like Teen Spirit", it was released as the lead single from Yankovic's Off the Deep End album in April 1992. "Smells Like Nirvana" was written during a three-year career low for Yankovic after the financial failure of his film UHF, but captured the quickly-rising popularity of grunge and Nirvana's success. The song was written to ridicule the fact that many people could hardly understand Nirvana singer Kurt Cobain's lyrics in the original song. After being unable to contact Nirvana conventionally, Yankovic called Cobain while the band was on the set of Saturday Night Live, where Cobain quickly gave permission to record the parody.

Recording the song was a change for Yankovic and his band. Usually, the group were forced to record several overdubs. "Smells Like Nirvana", however, was relatively straightforward in its musical composition. To promote the single, Yankovic created an associated video for the song that parodied and closely mirrored the original "Smells Like Teen Spirit" video, even going so far as to hire several of the same actors and use the same set.

"Smells Like Nirvana" was met with critical praise and helped to re-energize Yankovic's career. Cobain considered the parody as a sign that they had "made it" as a band. The song is one of Yankovic's most successful singles and was his second top 40 hit in the United States, reaching number 35 on both the Billboard Hot 100 and the U.S. Mainstream Rock Tracks. The song's video was nominated for a 1992 MTV Video Music Award for Best Male Video.

Background
Prior to writing "Smells Like Nirvana", Yankovic's music career had suffered from the poor financial performance of his 1989 feature film, UHF and the associated soundtrack. Yankovic called that "the beginning of three years where it was kind of hard for me to recover". He started work on a new studio album around 1990. To revitalize his career, he considered creating a parody of a Michael Jackson song, which had proven successful twice before with "Eat It" and "Fat". He had composed a parody of Jackson's "Black or White", titled "Snack All Night", but Jackson said he was uncomfortable with the parody, given that the original song was intended to be a political statement. Yankovic would later believe that Jackson's refusal was, retrospectively, a blessing; he felt that "Snack All Night" was not one of his better works. While he had compiled other original songs for a new album, he feared the lack of a good parody song would doom the album to failure and held off from releasing anything until an idea presented itself.

The band Nirvana started to become popular in the music scene at the time, creating "big, seismic shifts in pop culture" according to Yankovic. Yankovic felt that the band's 1991 album Nevermind, which featured "Smells Like Teen Spirit", was "really great", but feared that at its release the band was not popular enough to warrant a parody. By early 1992, Nevermind had reached platinum certification and led the Billboard charts, which led Yankovic to start working on a parody. Yankovic decided to base his parody on the publicity around Nevermind, much of which dealt with the inability to comprehend the songs' lyrics, both in their phrasing and the manner in which they were sung by lead vocalist Kurt Cobain. He noted, "I try not to go the obvious route all the time, but sometimes the most obvious is actually the best." Yankovic had initial difficulty getting permission for the parody, as his manager claimed he was unable to contact the group numerous times. When Yankovic learned that Nirvana would be performing on the January 11, 1992, show of Saturday Night Live, he called his UHF co-star, Victoria Jackson, at the time a regular cast member of the show. Jackson managed to give the phone to Cobain so that Yankovic could make his request. Cobain agreed, though initially he inquired if the song would be about food, a common theme in many of Yankovic's songs. Yankovic explained that the song would be about Cobain's incomprehensible lyrics, to which Cobain replied, according to Yankovic, "Oh, sure, of course, that's funny."

Recording and lyrics
Recorded around January 27, 1992 at Santa Monica Sound Records, in Santa Monica, California, the song was the final one recorded for the album, as Yankovic generally records the songs that will be released as singles last. Recording took between three and four days. The band worked to match the same fluctuating tempos that were in the original song; Jon Schwartz, Yankovic's drummer, noted that "the [drum] part was pretty loose. [...] Tempos were up and down. We adjusted the tempos on our song to meet the Nirvana version. It's by no means steady." Compared to previous parodies, where upwards of 20-some instruments had to be mixed together, the simpler composition of "Teen Spirit" made it much easier for the band to complete the song.

Yankovic later noted that recording the song's vocals was particularly difficult, because he was singing "for eight to 12 hours a day", which caused strain on his vocal cords. For the verse where Yankovic mumbles the lyrics to the song, he placed several cookies in his mouth to achieve the garbled effect. During the parody's musical interlude, Yankovic gargled water to the tune of the original's guitar solo. The solo also features kazoos and a tuba, with the latter being played by Tommy Johnson.

Lyrically, "Smells Like Nirvana" mocks the original song's incomprehensible words. The opening verse begins "What is this song/All about?/Can't figure any lyrics out". At one point, Yankovic purposely garbles the lyrics: "It's hard to bargle nawdle zouss [sic]/With all these marbles in my mouth". He admitted in an interview that he woke up "in the middle of the night" and wrote down the phrase "bargle nawdle zouss", thinking that it would "be important someday."

Music video
The music video, directed by Yankovic's manager Jay Levey, is a near shot-for-shot parody of the original video for "Smells Like Teen Spirit", which depicts the band playing at a high school concert while it descends into riot. Yankovic is present on guitar and vocals as Kurt Cobain, with Steve Jay on bass as Krist Novoselic, and Jon "Bermuda" Schwartz on drums as Dave Grohl. All three wear clothing and long-haired wigs to imitate the look of Nirvana in "Smells Like Teen Spirit". Yankovic's video uses many of the same props, actors and camera angles; in particular, the video was shot in the same Culver City, California sound stage as Nirvana's video, several of the cheerleaders and audience members were from the original video, and Tony De La Rosa reprises his role as the janitor. Levey said that they were able to recreate much of the same setting with help of the producers of the original Nirvana video once they were aware that the song had Cobain's blessing. Levey had a brief conversation with Samuel Bayer, the original director of "Smells Like Teen Spirit" in preparation for the video shoot. Although Levey noted that "he was certainly going along with it", he felt that Bayer was "the least enthused" because "he was a true artíste".

The video includes actor Dick Van Patten in a guest role. Van Patten, being one of the few celebrities that could be reached through immediate contacts, was a last-minute addition by Yankovic. According to Yankovic, Van Patten became "kind of [their] good luck charm", and he would appear in a few of Yankovic's future videos. Professional skateboarder Tony Hawk also appears as one of the many extras as a result of the Birdhouse Skateboards team providing "skater/punks" for the video, although Yankovic was not aware of this until a 2009 Twitter post by Hawk. Schwartz attempted to recreate Grohl's wild headbanging during filming, leaving him with a stiff neck several days afterward.

Release and reception
The single for "Smells Like Nirvana" was released on April 2, 1992, while the album containing it, Off the Deep End, saw its release on April 14, 1992. The single was backed with a song called "Waffle King", a song detailing a man who becomes famous through making waffles and ends up letting the fame get to his head. This song was originally intended to appear on Off the Deep End, but was excluded due to Yankovic's fear that the song "I Was Only Kidding" would have a lyric that wouldn't be funny by the time the following album was released. While the song later ended up on the following album, Alapalooza, Yankovic put it as the b-side to "Smells Like Nirvana" "in case there wasn't going to be a next album".

The single charted on several Billboard charts, making it Yankovic's most successful single since his single "Eat It", which charted in 1984. The song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on April 25, 1992. It peaked at number 35 and remained on the chart for two weeks. The single also charted on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks, also peaking at number 35 and remaining for two weeks. The single was also popular in the other countries. In Canada, the single charted at number 48. In the United Kingdom, the single entered the charts on April 7, 1992, and peaked at number 58, spending only one week on the charts. In Australia, "Smells Like Nirvana" was released on June 14, 1992, and spent six weeks on the charts. It peaked at number 24.

After its release, "Smells Like Nirvana" was considered, at the time, the largest comeback in Yankovic's career. The song was well-received by the media. AllMusic reviewer Barry Weber wrote that the song illustrated "the kind of brilliant writing Yankovic was still capable of doing". Anthony Violanti, a reporter for The Buffalo News, called the song "the high point" of one of Yankovic's concerts. Nirvana famously enjoyed the parody. Cobain is claimed to have considered that Nirvana had "made it" with the success of Yankovic's parody. In his personal journals that were later published, he calls Yankovic "America's modern pop-rock genious [sic]". Grohl is also reported to have realized his band was truly successful when Yankovic asked for permission to record the parody. According to an executive for Nirvana's label, DGC Records, "Smells Like Nirvana" was responsible for selling an additional million copies of Nirvana's album Nevermind. The video was nominated for the 1992 MTV Video Awards for "Best Male Video", although it did not win. At the awards ceremony, Nirvana was initially asked to perform, but they declined. The offer was then extended to Yankovic, before Nirvana relented. Yankovic later joked that "I might've been a bargaining chip".

Legacy
After Cobain died by suicide in 1994, Yankovic and his band were hesitant to play the extremely popular "Smells Like Nirvana" during live shows. For several months after Cobain's death, Yankovic would first perform a somber tribute to Cobain prior to playing the song itself. Shortly after Cobain's death, Yankovic was scheduled to play a show in Seattle, where Nirvana first became famous. Due to this connection, Yankovic was hesitant to perform the spoof, as he worried about how the audience might react to the parody. However, Yankovic was urged by journalists to go through with the performance, as they said that the song would be "cathartic" for the area. Ultimately, the performance "went over extremely well". Yankovic continues to play "Smells Like Nirvana" live, stating that "Kurt was a fan of the song" and "he would have wanted it that way."

In The Simpsons episode "That '90s Show", set primarily in flashback to the 1990s, Homer Simpson is shown creating one of the first grunge bands while trying to cope with Marge's infidelity; the band, called "Sadgasm", becomes highly popular. At one point, Homer writes a new song called "Shave Me"—itself a loose parody of Nirvana's real single "Rape Me". Homer's song is then parodied as "Brainfreeze" in both song and video by "Weird Al" Yankovic, who voices himself. Homer takes Yankovic's parody as a sign that his band has become successful, but his depressed state after breaking up with Marge leaves him unable to enjoy the song's humor; he gloomily bemoans, "He who is tired of Weird Al, is tired of life". The sequence of events was written to parallel much of the history of "Smells Like Nirvana", including Kurt Cobain's reaction to the parody.

Live performances
During live performances, Yankovic dons clothing similar to what Cobain wore in the video for "Smells Like Teen Spirit". This includes a left-handed electric guitar, a shirt similar to Cobain's, and a blonde wig. The costuming for the performance is critical; Schwartz explained that "if anything's missing, Al won't do it". The rest of Al's band also participates. Steve Jay, who plays bass, uses two bass straps to emulate and exaggerate "Novoselic's low-hanging bass". He explained that he positions his instrument "to where I can just barely touch the strings". The members of the band also mock-mosh. Jim West, the band's guitarist, noted that moshing is usually tame, but that there "were a few collisions where people got hurt, but not the audience, just the band." A couple of local female dancers also accompany Al and his band performing cheerleading routines. Sometimes during the third verse, after Yankovic sings "And I forgot the next verse," he drops out for the next few lines, pretending to actually forget the lyrics.

Track listing
US pressing
 * 1) "Smells Like Nirvana" – 3:42
 * 2) "Trigger Happy" – 3:46
 * 3) "Waffle King" – 4:26

US cassette single
 * 1) "Smells Like Nirvana" – 3:42
 * 2) "Waffle King" – 4:26

Personnel

 * "Weird Al" Yankovic – vocals, background vocals, production, arrangement
 * Jim West – guitar
 * Steve Jay – bass guitar
 * Jon "Bermuda" Schwartz – drums
 * Tommy Johnson – tuba
 * Tony Papa – engineering

title: Smells Like Nirvana


text:
Template talk:Politics of Poland

I have modified Halibutt's excellent version from earlier today - in my opinion, the coat of arms was simply too large and flashy, diverting attention from the actual content of the individual articles. I have also made the table narrower to create more space for article content. To improve readability, I increased the font size, as the table can easily accommodate all required text, even with the new narrower width. I've had to remove a few indents, but I believe they are not indispensable. Finally, I inserted a new section for political parties - including the nine parties which appear to have a realistic chance of entering the Sejm as per the latest available CBOS poll. --Thorsten1 23:26, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * As I said in the edit summary, this template is not mine, it's merely a localisation of the table on Politics of China. I must say that I like your version, with the exception of indent in the lower part. Perhaps it could be reintroduced? Or the whole election thingie could be reorganised a tad? I'm not sure, but the way it is now, the lower part is not that easily-readable. Or perhaps we could make the year links really tiny?

 * As to political parties - why not? I only made some two minor glitches: I reverted back to the term referenda (referendums sounds so collonial...) and corrected the PD abbreviation. Other than that I like the template even more now. Thanks for the corrections! Halibutt 00:06, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * I have now decreased the font size for the party acronyms and election years - looks better that way, indeed. Regarding the indents - personally, I feel they are dispensable, as the headline/content relationship is obvious enough without them. The main reason why I removed them, however, was sheer laziness, as I found it too tricky to get them right within the narrower template. So if you feel like tinkering with them, go ahead and good luck ;-).
 * As for referenda vs. referendums, "colonial" is an apt label for the latter :-D - but, picking up on the idea, the pidgin plural appears to have retroacted on the language of the masters: A quick Google search confirms my intuition that "referendums" is clearly more common these days (compare  and ). Ironically, many of the results for "referendums", including the top one, originate with the BBC, that keeper of the Holy Gral of language... ;-). Against this backdrop, "referenda" does have a slight haute bourgeois or bildungsbürger ring to it. Nonetheless, if you are on a mission to restore the original plural to its rightful place, I am not going to stop you, and this is as good a place as any other to start the crusade...
 * On a completely different note, I found that the PDPoland template rests awkwardly in the articles; both in Firefox and Opera, the text next to it looks as if it were glued to the border of the box (it's not quite as bad in Internet Explorer). Personally, I have no idea what is causing this; if you are more savvy about the intricacies of wiki syntax, maybe you could take care of that some time? --Thorsten1 11:03, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, it looks much better now. I'll have a try with those non-breaking spaces and see what I can do. As to the Royal Language - I'm by no means an expert and I believe we can go either way here. And if so, then why not to use a more pleasant-looking version? :) Also, there's no need to waste our time on a non-existent article name, so I won't oppose if anyone decides to switch to "referendums".
 * As to the other template - I have no idea what is wrong with it... Seems fine to me. Halibutt 14:49, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * The referenda/ums issue really isn't worth having a row over - let's cross that bridge when we come to it. ;-) Regarding the template - it's good to hear that it looks fine to you. Maybe I will put up a screenshot later on to demonstrate what I mean. But as no one apart from me seems to have this problem, it probably isn't worth the effort. --Thorsten1 18:07, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Politics of Poland