text:
Vapor pressures of the elements (data page)

CRC.a-m
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Vapor Pressure
 * Uncertainties of several degrees should generally be assumed. (e) Indicates extrapolated values beyond the region of experimental data, subject to greater uncertainty. (i) Indicates values calculated from ideal gas thermodynamic functions. (s) Indicates the substance is solid at this temperature. As quoted from these sources:
 * a - Lide, D.R., and Kehiaian, H.V., CRC Handbook of Thermophysical and Thermochemical Data, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1994.
 * b - Stull, D., in American Institute of Physics Handbook, Third Edition, Gray, D.E., Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 1972.
 * c - Hultgren, R., Desai, P.D., Hawkins, D.T., Gleiser, M., Kelley, K.K., and Wagman, D.D., Selected Values of Thermodynamic Properties of the Elements, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1973.
 * d - TRCVP, Vapor Pressure Database, Version 2.2P, Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
 * e - Barin, I., Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, VCH Publishers, New York, 1993.
 * f - Ohse, R.W. Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali Metals, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1994.
 * g - Gschneidner, K.A., in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 77th Edition, p. 4-112, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1996.
 * h -.
 * i - Wagner, W., and de Reuck, K.M., International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State, No. 9. Oxygen, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987.
 * j - Marsh, K.N., Editor, Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987.
 * k -
 * l -
 * m -

CR2
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements
 * The equations reproduce the observed pressures to an accuracy of ±5% or better. Coefficients from this source:

KAL
National Physical Laboratory, Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants; Section 3.4.4, D. Ambrose, Vapour pressures from 0.2 to 101.325 kPa. Retrieved Jan 2006.

SMI.a-s
W.E. Forsythe (ed.), Smithsonian Physical Tables 9th ed., online version (1954; Knovel 2003). Table 363, Evaporation of Metals
 * The equations are described as reproducing the observed pressures to a satisfactory degree of approximation. From these sources:
 * a - K.K. Kelley, Bur. Mines Bull. 383, (1935).
 * b -
 * c - Brewer, The thermodynamic and physical properties of the elements, Report for the Manhattan Project, (1946).
 * d -
 * e -
 * f -
 * g - ;
 * h -
 * i -.
 * j -
 * k - Int. National Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 306, (1928).
 * l -
 * m -
 * n -
 * o -
 * p -
 * q -
 * r -
 * s - H.A. Jones, I. Langmuir, Gen. Electric Rev., vol. 30, p. 354, (1927).


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Whitwell, Hertfordshire

Whitwell is a village in the parish of St Paul's Walden about six miles south of Hitchin in Hertfordshire, England. Situated on a tableland, a spur of the Chilterns, Whitwell is about 92 m above sea level. The soil is mostly clay with flints.

It contains a number of early brick and half-timbered houses, several of which are of the 18th century. Waterhall Farm (an open farm and craft centre) is one of the village's attractions.

With the River Mimram running north-west to south-east through Whitwell, the village has been noted for its historical production of watercress.

In 2019, construction began on a new housing development named The Heath, located on Bendish Lane opposite St. paul’s Walden School. It opened in summer 2020, with the new road named ‘Chime Dell’ after a field formerly located on the site.

History
Whitwell was once known for its ‘notorious seven’ public houses, but today only one remains; The Bull Inn. The most recent to close was The Maiden's Head in 2015, which is currently (2021) being developed as a private residence. There are over thirty listed buildings in the village.

From 1926, a factory building on Hitchin Road on the east side of the village was home to engineering company C & A Roberts. The site remained until 2000, when it was demolished, and was eventually replaced by a street of houses named Roberts Court.

Roman coins have been found in Whitwell.

Whitwell Players
Whitwell also has a thriving amateur dramatics society - The Whitwell Players. As far as it is possible to tell, there has been some form of am dram society in Whitwell for over a century, but The Whitwell Players, in its current guise, came into being in the 1980s. The players perform at least two or three times a year in Spring, Autumn and a Panto in December. As a result of their labours, many people have benefitted as the Players make donations to support local charities on a regular basis.

Highlights include: the company's first Shakespearean production - A Midsummer Night's dream - in 2002, performed both in the village hall and in the open air at the stunning St Paul's Walden Bury gardens, as well as Much Ado About Nothing, Hobson's Choice, Allo, Allo, Blackadder, Calendar Girls, and See How They Run.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Whitwell, Hertfordshire


text:
Talk:Toni Basil

Lyric interpretation
I removed the claim that the lyric "I'll take it like a man" in "Mickey" was meant to imply anal sex. Reliable sources for this claim are in short supply; the most reliable source I am aware of was a possibly ironic claim in a review of an unrelated album. However, the exact same line appeared in the lyric when the song was called "Kitty" and sung by a male singer addressing a woman, a context in which it would probably have had to have a different meaning. Anyway, the interpretation of the lyrics of "Mickey" should be discussed, if at all, in Mickey (song) rather than in the overall biography of Toni Basil. --99.140.179.169 (talk) 06:03, 31 May 2008 (UTC)
 * "...a context in which it would probably have had to have a different meaning." - Why? Gwladys24 (talk) 22:41, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

Filmography
The filmography doesn't mention her work on American Graffiti - although it is mentioned in the body of the article. VK2AFL (talk) 23:00, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

Age
How can she be 78 if she was born 22.09.43? Surely she should be 79? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:C7C:46A5:6C00:6927:F0E0:47B8:7B9 (talk) 16:25, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Toni Basil


text:
Ricardo Zamora

Ricardo Zamora Martínez (21 January 1901 – 8 September 1978) was a Spanish footballer and manager. He played as a goalkeeper for, among others, RCD Espanyol, FC Barcelona and Real Madrid. As an international he played for both the Catalan XI and Spain. As a manager, he won two La Liga titles with Atlético Madrid (then Atlético Aviación) and briefly managed Spain.

RCD Espanyol
Born in Barcelona, Spain, Zamora began his career as a junior with Universitari SC before signing for Espanyol in 1916, at the age of fifteen, after playing a series of friendly matches with the club. He made his debut for the club on 23 April 1916 against Madrid FC (now Real Madrid CF), keeping a clean sheet in a goalless draw. He then helped Espanyol win the Campionat de Catalunya in 1918. Zamora never had the support of his parents to play football because they wanted him to focus on studying medicine like his father, but his teammates such as Pakán encouraged him to keep playing. But even so, in 1919, he decided to resume his studies, at the will of his family, so he abandoned the ranks of Espanyol. However, he resumed the activity shortly after due to a large offer from local rivals FC Barcelona, which he accepted despite his family's opposition and an argument with Espanyol's board.

After three successful seasons at Barça he returned to Espanyol in 1922. On 2 February 1929, he made his La Liga debut with Espanyol during the competition's inaugural season. In the same year, under the management of Jack Greenwell and together with Ricardo Saprissa, he helped the club win both the Campionat de Catalunya and their first ever Copa del Rey in 1929, after beating the likes of Atlético Madrid in the quarter-finals, the soon-to-be La Liga champions Barcelona in the semi-finals and Real Madrid 2–1 in the final. After playing 26 La Liga games for Espanyol, he joined Real Madrid in 1930.

FC Barcelona
Between 1919 and 1922 Zamora was a prominent member of the legendary FC Barcelona team, coached by Jack Greenwell, that also included his close friend Josep Samitier, Sagibarba, Paulino Alcántara and Félix Sesúmaga. During his time at Barcelona, he helped the team win the Campionat de Catalunya three times and the Copa del Rey twice in 1920 and 1922, keeping a clean-sheet in the 1920 final in a 2–0 win over Pichichi's Athletic Bilbao.

Real Madrid
In 1930 Zamora signed for Real Madrid. He was one of several new arrivals, and among the others was Jacinto Quincoces. During the 1931–32 season they helped the club win La Liga for the first time. The following season Zamora and Quincoces were joined at the club by Josep Samitier and the trio helped Real retain the title. In 1934 Francisco Bru took over as the Real coach and he guided Zamora and company to victory in two Copa de España finals. In the 1934 final they beat a Valencia CF team coached by Jack Greenwell 2–1. The 1936 final saw Real Madrid meet FC Barcelona for the first time in a cup final, and despite playing with ten men for most of the game, the Madrid club beat Barça 2–1 at the Mestalla. Barça's attempts to equalize in the final minutes were thwarted by Zamora's spectacular save from Josep Escolà.

Spain
In 1920 together with Josep Samitier, Félix Sesúmaga, Pichichi and José María Belauste, Zamora was a member of the first ever Spain national team. The squad, coached by Francisco Bru, won the silver medal at the 1920 Olympic Games. Zamora subsequently made 46 official appearances for Spain, including in the infamous game against England on 15 May 1929, in which England took a 2-0 lead within 20 minutes following mistakes from him, who had injured his sternum early on, but despite that he carried on playing and Spain won the game 4–3, becoming the first team from outside the British Isles to defeat England. Zamora also represented Spain at the 1934 World Cup.

Zamora was also Spain's most capped player for 45 years until being surpassed by José Ángel Iribar.

Catalan XI
Zamora also played at least 13 games for the Catalan XI. However, records from the era do not always include accurate statistics and he may have played more. Together with Paulino Alcántara, Sagibarba and Josep Samitier, he helped the Catalan XI win two tournaments of the Prince of Asturias Cup, an official inter-regional competition organized by the RFEF, winning in 1923-24 and 1926.

Style of play
Zamora, nicknamed El Divino, was noted for wearing a cloth cap and a white polo-neck jumper on the field, a look later copied by several of his contemporaries. He claimed it was to protect him from both the sun and his opponents. As a goalkeeper, he was primarily known for his athleticism, quick reflexes, shot-stopping abilities, large frame, and bravery in goal. In 1929 while playing for Spain against England, he carried on playing despite breaking his sternum. Spain won the game 4–3, becoming the first team from outside the British Isles to defeat England. Zamora is also remembered for a spectacular last-minute save he made in the 1936 Copa del Rey final while playing for Real Madrid against FC Barcelona.

Legacy
Regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers of his generation, along with Gianpiero Combi and František Plánička, as well as one of the greatest of all time, in 1999, the IFFHS elected Zamora as the best Spanish goalkeeper – as well as the fourth best in Europe and fifth best overall – of the twentieth century; in the same year, he was voted one of the greatest players of the 20th century by World Soccer magazine. The award for the best goalkeeper in La Liga, the Ricardo Zamora Trophy, is named in his honour.

Spanish Civil War Prisoner
In July 1936 during the early days of the Spanish Civil War, ABC falsely reported that Zamora had been killed by Republicans. The Nationalists then attempted to exploit this as propaganda. However, Zamora was alive and well and, as rumours began to spread of his death, he was arrested by Republican militia and then imprisoned at the Modelo prison. Among his fellow prisoners were Ramón Serrano Súñer and Rafael Sánchez Mazas. His life was saved by both the actions of the prison governor Melchor Rodríguez García and because of his own willingness to play and talk football with the guards. Zamora was eventually released after the Argentinian Embassy interceded on his behalf. He then made his way to France where he was reunited with Josep Samitier at OGC Nice. He later returned to Spain and on 8 December 1938 played for a Spain XI against Real Sociedad in a benefit game for Nationalist soldiers.

In the 1950s, the Franco regime awarded Zamora the Great Cross of the Order of Cisneros, a medal created in 1944 to reward "political merit."

Controversies
Zamora was also the subject of controversy throughout his career. He allegedly enjoyed drinking Cognac and smoking up to three packs of cigarettes a day. During the 1920 Olympic Games he was sent off against Italy after punching an opponent and on the way back from the same tournament he was arrested, imprisoned and fined for attempting to smuggle Havana cigars. In 1922 he was suspended for a year when he lied to the tax authorities about the signing on fee he received when he returned to RCD Espanyol. He also received 40,000 pesetas of the 150,000 peseta fee that took him from Espanyol to Real Madrid.

Zamora's ostensible political allegiances were also the subject of debate and controversy. Despite playing regularly for the Catalan XI, he was accused of rejecting Catalan nationalism. In 1934, he was awarded an Order of the Republic medal by his namesake Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, president of the Second Spanish Republic, while during the Spanish Civil War he was exploited by Nationalist propagandists and he played in a benefit game for their cause. During the 1950s he was awarded the Great Cross of the Order of Cisneros by the Franco regime.

Coaching career
In 1939 Zamora was appointed coach of Atlético Madrid, then known as Athletic Aviación and later to become Atlético Aviación, following a merger with Aviación Nacional, a Spanish Air Force team. With Zamora as manager, the club won their first La Liga in 1940 and then retained the title in 1941. In 1946 he moved to Celta de Vigo and during the 1947–48, he led a Celta team that included Pahiño and Miguel Muñoz to fourth in La Liga and the Copa del Generalísimo final. In June 1952 he coached Spain for two games. In 1953 was hired as coach by La Salle F.C. of Caracas (Venezuela). He later returned to Celta de Vigo and then had two spells as coach at Espanyol.

Personal life
Zamora died on 8 September 1978 in Barcelona, and is interred in the city's Montjuïc Cemetery.

Club

 * Espanyol
 * Copa del Rey (1): 1928–29
 * Catalan Champions (2): 1917–18, 1928–29

 * Barcelona
 * Copa del Rey (2): 1920, 1922
 * Catalan Champions (3): 1919–20, 1920–21, 1921–22

 * Real Madrid
 * La Liga (2): 1931–32, 1932–33
 * Copa de España (2): 1934, 1936

International

 * Spain
 * Olympic Games: Silver medallist 1920

 * Catalan XI
 * Prince of Asturias Cup (2): 1923–24 and 1926

Individual

 * IFFHS Best Spanish Goalkeeper of the Twentieth Century.
 * IFFHS Fourth Best European Goalkeeper of the Twentieth Century.
 * IFFHS Fifth Best World Goalkeeper of the Twentieth Century.
 * FIFA World Cup Team of the tournament: 1934
 * FIFA World Cup Best Goalkeeper Award: 1934.

Manager
Atlético Aviación
 * Spanish Second Division
 * Winners: 1939

 * 1939 Mancomunado
 * Winners (1): 1939

 * La Liga:
 * Winners (2):1939–40, and 1940–41.

 * Spanish Super Cup
 * Winners (1): 1940.

 * Copa Presidente Federación Castellana
 * Winners (1): 1940–41.

Celta Vigo
 * Copa del Generalísimo
 * Runner-up (1):: 1947–48

title: Ricardo Zamora


text:
115th Infantry Regiment (United States)

The 115th Infantry Regiment, Maryland Army National Guard was an infantry regiment of the United States Army. It traced its roots back to the American Revolutionary War, although its official U.S. Army lineage begins in 1881. The units to which the 115th Regiment claims lineage served in the Revolutionary War and the Civil War, but the 115th itself was only credited with service in World War I, World War II, and the Global War on Terror. Prior to the reorganization into the 58th Brigade Combat Team, the 1–115th was part of the Third Brigade, 29th Infantry Division (Light). In 2006, the 115th was consolidated (merged) with the 175th Infantry Regiment. As a result of this consolidation, it no longer exists as a separate regiment.

Missions
The 1–115th IN had two major missions:
 * 1) As part of the US Army under the "Total Army" concept, to deploy anywhere in the world and engage and defeat the enemies of the United States.
 * 2) ..to assist the state authorities in providing emergency relief to the people of Maryland in the event of natural disasters, such as floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, and snowstorms, and to secure persons and property in times of civil disturbance. The unit also serves the community in other ways.

HHC
The Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1–115 Infantry, was located in Silver Spring, Maryland. While the rifle companies made up the bulk of the personnel and combat power of the battalion, the headquarters company was made up of specialties that extend and expand the capabilities of the battalion. It leads, supports, sustains, and protects.

Included in the headquarters company were:

 * Anti-armor Platoon
 * Communications Platoon
 * Medical Platoon
 * Mortar Platoon
 * Reconnaissance Platoon
 * Support Platoon

A Company
Alpha Company, 1–115 Infantry, located in Frederick, Maryland, was an Infantry Rifle Company.

Included in the company were:

 * 3 rifle platoons
 * Mortar section
 * Anti-Armor section

B Company
Bravo Company, 1–115 Infantry, located in Olney, Maryland, was an Infantry Rifle Company.

Included in the company were:

 * 3 rifle platoons
 * Mortar section
 * Anti-armor section

C Company
Charlie Company, 1–115 Infantry, located in Greenbelt, Maryland, was an Infantry Rifle Company.

Included in the company were:

 * 3 rifle platoons
 * Mortar section
 * Anti-armor section

HHC
The Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 2–115 Infantry, was located in Chestertown, Maryland. While the rifle companies made up the bulk of the personnel and combat power of the battalion, the headquarters company was made up of specialties that extend and expand the capabilities of the battalion. It leads, supports, sustains, and protects.

Included in the headquarters company were:

 * Anti-armor Platoon
 * Communications Platoon
 * Medical Platoon
 * Mortar Platoon
 * Reconnaissance Platoon
 * Support Platoon

A Company
Alpha Company, 2–115 Infantry, located in Glen Burnie, Maryland, was an Infantry Rifle Company.

Included in the company were:

 * 3 rifle platoons
 * Mortar section
 * Anti-Armor section

B Company
Bravo Company, 2–115 Infantry, located in Queen Anne, Maryland, was an Infantry Rifle Company.

Included in the company were:

 * 3 rifle platoons
 * Mortar section
 * Anti-armor section

C Company
Charlie Company, 2–115 Infantry, located in Catonsville, Maryland, was an Infantry Rifle Company.

Included in the company were:

 * 3 rifle platoons
 * Mortar section
 * Anti-armor section

History
The 115th Infantry has long claimed lineage and honors that have not been recognized by the U.S. Army Center of Military history. The unit's official lineage and honors certificate only recognizes lineage extending back to 1881, while the regiment has traditionally held that it was descended from Cresap's Rifles, a company of infantry raised in 1775. The mismatch stems from a lineage system unique in the U.S. armed forces to the Army National Guard, which requires continuous militia presence in a particular community or, if a unit is moved, proof that the same members served in the unit at both locations. Because of a lack of support for militia units in the 1870s, many, including the First Maryland (predecessor to the 115th) ceased to exist as organized militia units. Army National Guard lineage rules state that any unit that becomes inactive has its lineage terminated, and that such lineage cannot be "resurrected," even if a unit with identical designation is later established.

Revolutionary War
The 115th Infantry claims lineage back to the earliest militia units formed to protect the frontier of western Maryland. The birthdate of the unit, 14 June 1775, is also the birthdate of the United States Army. The first two companies to leave Maryland were assembled in Frederick in the summer of 1775 under the command of Captains Cresap and Price; they were organized in response to the Continental Congress' call to active duty. They left Frederick in August and marched 551 mi in 21 days to report to General Washington in September to support Washington's efforts to drive the British out of Boston. These personnel later became part of the 1st Maryland Regiment, "Maryland 400" or "Maryland Line," who repeatedly charged a numerically superior British force during the Battle of Long Island, sustaining heavy casualties, but allowing General Washington to successfully evacuate the bulk of his troops to Manhattan. This action is commemorated in Maryland's nickname, the "Old Line State."

Civil War
During the Civil War, two First Maryland Infantry (USA) regimental infantry units were organized:
 * The 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry was organized at Baltimore, Maryland and 4 companies (A, B, C and D) were mustered into Union service on 16 May 1861. The regiment's first commanding officer was Col. John Kenly, a Baltimore attorney who had served in Mexican–American War as a major of volunteers.
 * The 1st Maryland Infantry, Potomac Home Brigade and four companies (A, B, D and I) recruited in Frederick County, one company (C) recruited from Baltimore City and three companies (E, F and H) recruited from Washington County and two other companies recruited from several counties was organized at Frederick, Maryland beginning 15 August 1861 and mustered in on 13 December 1861 for three years under the command of Colonel William P. Maulsby.

The 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry (USA), commanded by Colonel John R. Kenly, and the 1st Maryland Infantry (CSA), commanded by Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, constituted the major part of the forces engaged at the Battle of Front Royal on 23 May 1862. During this battle, in which the Confederates were successful, Colonel Kenly gave utterance to the famous command, "Rally round the Flag," which is to this day the motto of the 115th Regiment. This was the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state engaged each other in battle. The 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA had been composed primarily of soldiers the Baltimore-based Fifth Regiment.

1880s to 1910s
A direct descendant of this regiment was organized 29 September 1881 as the First Battalion of Infantry, Maryland Army National Guard, from existing independent companies at Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. This is the date of organization officially recognized as the start of the regiment's lineage by the U.S. Army. It was expanded and redesignated First Regiment of Infantry on 7 May 1886 by the consolidation of the First Battalion of Infantry with several more independent companies of infantry throughout the state.

The unit mustered into federal service 11 May 1898 as the First Maryland Infantry Regiment, U.S. Volunteers, and was assigned to the Second Army Corps during the Spanish–American War. The regiment was mustered out of Federal Service 15 March 1899 without serving outside the continental United States. On 28 June 1916 the regiment was again called into active service and saw duty at Eagle Pass, Texas during the Mexican Border Incident. Two of the battalion commanders who served during this period were Majors Milton A. Reckord (future Adjutant General, State of Maryland) and D. John Markey (future regimental commander). The unit was mustered out of federal service on 4 November 1916.

First World War
In October 1917, while at Camp McClellan, Alabama, the First Maryland was consolidated with the Fourth and Fifth Maryland Infantry Regiments to form the 115th Infantry Regiment. The 115th became one of the four regiments brought together into the 29th Infantry Division, which was formed in July 1917, at Sea Girt, New Jersey. The division was not even a year old when it received its baptism of fire in France. Company K, 115th, was the first unit in the 29th Division to engage the enemy when it repelled a German raid in July 1918.

During the Meuse-Argonne offensive they would fight for 21 straight days, moving over 6 mi, throwing back elements of six enemy divisions, and suffering a staggering 4,781 casualties in the process. After the Armistice was signed, the Twenty-Ninth Division was brought home in July 1919 and dissipated. The 1st Battalion, 115th Infantry, is authorized two campaign streamers for its service in World War I: one for Alsace and one for Meuse-Argonne. The next time the division would be reformed was for the maneuvers in 1936.

Following the First World War, the regiments returned to state status and assumed their previous designations, First Maryland and Fifth Maryland (the Fourth Regiment was not re-established after the war).

Second World War
On 3 February 1941, the First Maryland Infantry Regiment, Maryland Army National Guard, was inducted into federal service as the 115th Infantry Regiment at Frederick, Maryland as part of the second partial mobilization of the National Guard for World War II, and then moved to Fort George G. Meade on 18 February 1941 to join the 29th Infantry Division. The regiment completed in-processing, traded in its equipment for modern equipment, and started to repeat its division level training. It was then transferred to the A.P. Hill Military Reservation on 22 April 1942 to participate in maneuvers, and then moved to the Carolina Maneuvers to participate in large unit maneuvers on 8 July 1942. It then moved on to Camp Blanding to fill its empty personnel slots on 19 August 1942, and then staged at Camp Kilmer on 20 September 1942, and shipped out from the New York Port of Embarkation on 5 October 1942 on the RMS Queen Mary and RMS Queen Elizabeth. They arrived in England on 11 October 1942, and then were attached to the 1st Infantry Division in preparation for the D-Day invasion. They moved with the 1st Infantry Division from 2 June 1944, and remained with 1st Infantry Division until 7 June 1944, when they returned to the 29th Infantry Division for further operations. Their participation in the Normandy Campaign continued until it was over on 24 July 1944. They immediately moved into the Northern France Campaign on 25 July 1944, which continued until it was over on 14 September 1944.

During this period the 115th Infantry Regiment was engaged in one of the war's forgotten chapters, "The Battle of Brest". The Battle for Brest was one of the fiercest battles fought during Operation Cobra, the Allied breakout of Normandy which began on 27 July 1944, during the Battle of Normandy during World War II.

Part of the Allied plan for the invasion of mainland Europe called for the capture of port facilities, in order to ensure the timely delivery of the enormous amount of war material required to supply the invading Allied forces (it was estimated that the 37 Allied divisions to be on the continent by September 1944 would need 26,000 tons of supplies each day). The main port the Allied forces hoped to seize and put into their service was Brest, in northwestern France. Brest also served as a major German U-boat base from 18 June 1940 until its surrender to U.S. forces during the Brittany Campaign.

''Officers from the 115th Regimental Combat Team of the 29th Infantry Division (Photo Taken September 1944). From Left to Right; Lt Col John P. Cooper (110th Field Artillery); Capt William Bruning; Lt Col Louis Smith; Major Glover Johns (VMI class of 1931); Major Anthony Miller Jr.; Major Harold Perkins; Major Randolph Millholland; Major William Bratton.''

Generalmajor Hans von der Mosel, Konteradmiral Otto Kähler and Generalmajor Hans Kroh surrender at Brest.

The 115th Infantry then started participation in the Rhineland Campaign on 15 September 1944, whereupon the 115th Infantry crossed from France to Belgium and the Netherlands both on 27 September 1944, and entered Germany on 30 September 1944.

This campaign continued unabated until 21 March 1945, and the 115th Infantry did not take part in the Ardennes Campaign. With the end of the Rhineland Campaign, the 115th Infantry moved to the Central Europe Campaign on 22 March 1945, which continued until the end of Hostilities, which took place on 8 May 1945, but the campaign was not declared terminated until 11 May 1945.

The 115th Infantry was on occupation duty at Bremen, Germany on VE Day, and this continued through 1946. The regiment returned to the New York Port of Embarkation on 16 January 1946, and mustered out at Camp Kilmer the next day.

The 115th Regiment sustained 5,948 casualties during the fighting in Europe. Campaign streamers for Normandy (with arrowhead), North France, Rhineland, and Central Europe were added to the colors. Additional decorations included a distinguished unit streamer embroidered "St. Laurent-Sur-Mer," a streamer in the colors of the French Croix du Guerre with palms embroidered "St. Laurent-Sur-Mer," and, for the First Battalion, a streamer in the colors of the French Croix du Guerre with Silver Star embroidered "St. Lo."

Post-war to present
After the war the 29th Infantry Division came home; however, unlike the end of World War I, the division was retained as a National Guard division. In 1968, due to changing requirements, the division's colors were retired and its elements broken up into separate brigades. The 115th became part of the 28th Division, the Keystone Division of Pennsylvania. Later the 1–115th and other Maryland units were organized into the 58th Infantry Brigade, whose units were located entirely in Maryland.

In 1984 requirements changed again, prompting the reactivation of the 29th Infantry Division as a new, streamlined "Light" Infantry Division, ready to meet the demands of an ever-changing national defense, now and into the 21st century. The division was reactivated on 5 Oct 1985, and included the 115th and other historic regiments from Maryland and Virginia. As part of this reactivation, the 58th Infantry Brigade became the 3rd Brigade, 29th Infantry Division. Elements of the brigade included the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 115th Infantry.

In October 2001, in the aftermath of terrorist attacks on the continental United States, the battalions of the 115th were called to active federal service as part of Operation Noble Eagle. The 115th carried out critical security duties, protecting US federal installations from threats to the national security.

On 6 January 2005, Company B, 1–115th Infantry, mobilized again for active duty as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. They were assigned as part of the 48th Infantry Brigade (Mechanized), based in Georgia, for this operation. They spent a year in Iraq. For the first 5 months they conducted operations in a town called Saba Al boor north of Baghdad that had a population of between 50,000 and 65,000. Saba Al Boor's population was half Sunni and Shia. B Co 1/115th was the main effort for Task Force 2/70th Armor which is an active duty unit from Ft. Riley, Kansas. B Co conducted raids, counter IED ambushes, air assaults, cordon and searches as well as combined patrols with the Iraqi Army. For the remaining 7 months they performed convoy security operations out of the Marine base at Al Asad. These convoy security missions included missions to country of Jordan, the Iraqi towns of Rawa, Hit, and al Taqaddum. During B Co's time conducting convoy security operations they were able to reduce the rate of losses from 11% of escorted equipment and supplies that was suffered by the unit previously conducting the mission to less than 2%.

In the beginning of 2006, the elements of the 115th were reorganized, along with the rest of the 3rd Brigade, 29th Infantry Division, as part of the 58th Infantry Brigade Combat Team. In August 2006 the colors for the 115th Infantry Regiment were cased and its lineage consolidated (merged) with that of the 175th Infantry Regiment (Fifth Maryland).

Since 2003 the heritage of the regiment lives on along Route 15 through Maryland, where the Maryland Senate dedicated it as the 115th Infantry Regiment Memorial Highway.

title: 115th Infantry Regiment (United States)


text:
User talk:Ianmhunt

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -- Karada 13:59, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Unfortunately, we are an encyclopedia, not a memorial site for pets. Could you stop, please? -- Karada 14:04, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ianmhunt


text:
Horace (video game series)

The Horace video game series was created in the 1980s by William Tang for Beam Software. The series comprised Hungry Horace, Horace Goes Skiing and Horace and the Spiders.

Hungry Horace and Horace and the Spiders were two of the few ZX Spectrum games also available in ROM format for use with the Interface 2.

Hungry Horace
The original Horace game, Hungry Horace was written as a simple Pac-Man clone, published in 1982. In it, Horace must gather food from around a park and move onto the next section while avoiding park guards. It is possible for him to collect a bell to panic the guards and render them vulnerable, like the power pills in Pac-Man. This title was available on the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64 and Dragon 32. The ZX Spectrum original was marketed and distributed by Sinclair themselves, the Commodore 64 and Dragon 32 versions by Melbourne House.

Horace Goes Skiing
In 1983 Tang produced Horace Goes Skiing, in which Horace must cross a dangerous road teeming with traffic, à la Frogger, to rent out a pair of skis, then get back over the road and successfully navigate a ski course.

Like Hungry Horace, this title was available on the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, and Dragon 32. As before, Sinclair distributed the Spectrum version, Melbourne House the Commodore 64 and Dragon 32 versions. In 2017, the game placed on Eurogamer's "10 games that defined the ZX Spectrum" list. Horace Goes Skiing was released on Steam by Pixel Games UK in October 2020.

Horace and the Spiders
In 1983, Tang produced the third title in the series, Horace and the Spiders which was primarily a platform game. The first level sees Horace climbing a hill while jumping over spiders. The second level involves crossing a bridge by swinging on spider threads. The third level is the final confrontation with the spiders – he must create holes in the web, luring the spiders into the holes to fix them and subsequently jumping on them.

Unlike the earlier two titles, this game was only released for the ZX Spectrum. The first stage of this game shared similarities with both Pitfall and the ColecoVision game Smurf: Rescue in Gargamel's Castle, whilst the third platform stage is essentially a Space Panic clone.

Horace to the Rescue
This title was announced in 1985 but the game never appeared, due to the author Tang suffering a collapsed lung and being unable to continue.

Horace in the Mystic Woods
Horace made a comeback in 1995 with the platform based game Horace in the Mystic Woods for the Psion 3-Series of palmtop computers. This fourth entry in the Horace series is a platform game split into one-screen levels in the style of Manic Miner and was coded by Michael Ware of Proteus Developments. It is Series 3a/3c and 3mx compatible.

In 2010, a conversion of the game to the ZX Spectrum was released by indie coder Bob Smith.

Other appearances
In the Spectrum version of the 1987 game Inspector Gadget and the Circus of Fear, Gadget has to make his way through several scrolling worlds. In the first of these, he is hindered by Horaces travelling in the opposite direction; if he trips over too many of them, he loses a life.

A reference to Horace is also present in the 2003 PlayStation 2 game Dog's Life, which features a shop named Horace's Ski Shop. The name is written in a font similar to the one used on the ZX Spectrum, and is accompanied by a Spectrum-style rainbow pattern.

A fan made game Horace Goes to the Tower was released in 2011.

title: Horace (video game series)


text:
User talk:DavidSteimle

Welcome!
Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at the Guide to layout, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 14:02, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Rosey Rokkits
Rosey Rokkits has been proposed for deletion. Please see the article for details. NickelShoe 20:28, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:DavidSteimle


text:
User talk:JohnJSal

Welcome!
Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at the Guide to layout, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 14:02, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:JohnJSal


text: Category:Santa Fe Province

title: Category:Santa Fe Province


text:
St Paul's Walden

St Paul's Walden is a village about 5 mi south of Hitchin in Hertfordshire, England. The civil parish of St Paul's Walden also includes the village of Whitwell and the hamlet of Bendish. At the 2011 Census, the population of the civil parish was 1,293.

After the Reformation the manor belonged to St Paul's Cathedral; the name St Paul's Walden serves to distinguish the parish from King's Walden, although the Dean and Chapter sold their property in the 17th century.

Notable residents
St Paul's Walden has two 18th-century mansions.

Stagenhoe
Sir Arthur Sullivan rented the property in the 1880s around the time he composed The Mikado.
 * Stagenhoe was once owned by the Earls of Caithness

St Paul's Walden Bury
St Paul's Walden Bury is owned by the Bowes-Lyon family. Members include Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. While the details of her birth in 1900 are uncertain, the house is one of the locations that has been posited as her birthplace. It is accepted that she was baptised in All Saints' church, St Paul's Walden.

On 23 January 1923, the then Prince Albert, Duke of York, later to become King George VI, drove up to St Paul's Walden in his sports car, and proposed to Elizabeth in the woods at the Bury.

Gardens
The gardens of St Paul's Walden Bury are listed as grade I on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England. They are occasionally opened to the public under the National Garden Scheme, a charity of which the Queen Mother was patron.

title: St Paul's Walden


text:
Glenn Slater

Glenn Slater (born January 28, 1968) is an American lyricist for musical theatre. He has collaborated with Alan Menken, Christopher Lennertz, Andrew Lloyd Webber, among other composers. He was nominated for three Tony Awards for Best Original Score for the Broadway version of The Little Mermaid at the 62nd Tony Awards in 2008, Sister Act at the 65th Tony Awards in 2011, and School of Rock at the 70th Tony Awards in 2016.

Early life
Slater was born in Brooklyn, New York. He is Jewish. Raised in East Brunswick, New Jersey, he graduated from East Brunswick High School as part of the class of 1986; he became interested in drama while at high school after an unsuccessful effort as a songwriter with a band. In 1990, he graduated from Harvard University where he composed Hasty Pudding Theatricals' 141st production, Whiskey Business. He has received the ASCAP Foundation's Richard Rodgers New Horizon Award with composer Stephen Weiner.

Career
Slater wrote the lyrics for the Off-Broadway stage revue Newyorkers produced by the Manhattan Theatre Club in 2001. He has written lyrics for six editions of Ringling Brothers & Barnum and Bailey Circus.

His first work with Alan Menken was writing the lyrics for the film Home on the Range in 2004 and the stage production Sister Act the Musical (2006).

He wrote the lyrics for the stage adaptation of Disney's The Little Mermaid (2008), replacing the animated film's original lyricist Howard Ashman, who died in 1991. He also worked with Menken on the new musical version of Leap of Faith.

Slater and his wife, Wendy Leigh Wilf, wrote the book, music and lyrics to a new musical Beatsville that received a production at the 2008 NAMT Festival of New Musicals, in New York. It is based on the 1959 Roger Corman film A Bucket of Blood.

He has also composed the lyrics and co-wrote the book for the major Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Love Never Dies, which is a sequel to Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical The Phantom of the Opera. The show premiered in the West End in March 2010.

Adding to his career as a lyricist, Slater wrote the lyrics for the songs in Disney's 50th animated feature Tangled. In 2015 he worked again with Andrew Lloyd Webber for the Broadway musical School of Rock and continued his working relationship with Alan Menken writing lyrics for the songs of Galavant on ABC.

Slater attended the BMI Musical Theatre Workshop and was a resident writer with Musical Theatreworks.

Awards and honors
Slater has received the Kleban Award for Lyrics, the ASCAP Foundation Richard Rodgers New Horizons Award and the Jonathan Larson Award.

He was nominated for the 2008 Tony Award for Best Original Score for The Little Mermaid and received his second nomination for this award in 2011 for Sister Act.

He won a Grammy Award at the 2012 Grammy Awards (held on 12 February 2012), in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category for the song "I See The Light" from the animation movie Tangled. In July 2020, Slater won a Daytime Emmy Award for Original Song in a Children's, Young Adult or Animated Program for the song "Waiting in the Wings" from Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure.

Personal life
Slater lives in New York City with his wife, Wendy Leigh Wilf, and two sons, Benjamin and Daniel. He is a supporter of the Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur.

title: Glenn Slater


text:
Jo Freeman

Jo Freeman aka Joreen (born August 26, 1945), is an American feminist, political scientist, writer and attorney. As a student at the University of California, Berkeley in the 1960s, she became active in organizations working for civil liberties and the civil rights movement. She went on to do voter registration and community organization in Alabama and Mississippi and was an early organizer of the women's liberation movement. She authored several classic feminist articles as well as important papers on social movements and political parties. She has also written extensively about women, particularly on law and public policy toward women and women in mainstream politics.

Early life and education
She was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1945. Her mother Helen was from Hamilton, Alabama, and had served during World War II as a first lieutenant in the Women's Army Corps, stationed in England. Soon after Jo's birth Helen moved to Los Angeles, California where she taught junior high school until shortly before her death from emphysema. Freeman attended Birmingham High School, but graduated in the first class of Granada Hills High School in 1961.

She received her BA with honors in political science from UC Berkeley in 1965. She began her graduate work in political science at the University of Chicago in 1968 and completed her PhD in 1973. After four years of teaching at the State University of New York she went to Washington, D.C., as a Brookings Fellow and stayed another year as an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellow. She entered New York University School of Law in 1979 as a Root-Tilden Scholar and received her JD degree in 1982. She was admitted to the New York State Bar in 1983.

Freeman moved to Park Slope, Brooklyn in 1979 to attend law school and has lived in Kensington, Brooklyn since 1985.

Student activist at Berkeley
At Berkeley, Freeman was active in the University Young Democrats and the campus political party, SLATE. SLATE worked to abolish nuclear testing, to eliminate the University's ban on controversial speakers, and to improve undergraduate education at Cal. It developed a guide to classes and professors entitled the SLATE Supplement to the General Catalog, for which Freeman wrote reviews of professors and their courses.

One of SLATE's fundamental principles was that students should have the same rights to take stands on issues on campus that they had as citizens off campus. The University had restricted such activity since the 1930s. It became a major issue when the civil rights movement came to the Bay Area in the fall of 1963 because students wanted to support the movement on campus as well as off.

In the fall of 1964 the question was dramatized when student organizations set up tables on campus to solicit money and recruit students for off-campus political action in defiance of the ban. One person was arrested and several students were issued administrative citations. After a mass arrest was narrowly avoided by last minute negotiations with University president Clark Kerr, the Free Speech Movement (FSM) was formed by the student groups to continue the struggle. Freeman represented the University Young Democrats on the FSM executive committee. After two months of fruitless negotiations, Freeman was one of "the 800" students who were arrested for sitting in at the main administration building on December 2–3, 1964. This was the biggest mass arrest in California history. The publicity it generated compelled the Regents of the University to change the rules so that students could pursue political issues on campus.

Civil rights activist
When the civil rights movement came to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1963, it picketed local employers who didn't hire blacks. Demonstrations were organized at Lucky supermarket and Mel's Drive-In to get them to sign hiring agreements. Success here was followed by unsuccessful negotiations with San Francisco's most elegant hotels and several automobile dealers. Freeman was one of 167 demonstrators arrested at the Sheraton-Palace Hotel in March 1964, and one of 226 arrested at the Cadillac agency in April. She was acquitted in her first trial and convicted in her second, resulting in a fifteen-day jail sentence. Her second trial kept her from attending the 1964 Freedom Summer project in Mississippi. After it ended she hitchhiked to the 1964 Democratic National Convention in August in Atlantic City, New Jersey, to support the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party's petition to be seated in place of the all-white regular Mississippi delegation.

Following graduation from UC Berkeley, Freeman joined the Southern Christian Leadership Conference's (SCLC) summer project, SCOPE (Southern Community Organization and Political Education). When the summer was over, she joined the SCLC staff as a field worker. For the next year she did voter registration in Alabama and Mississippi, spending a few days in jail in both states. In August 1966, when she was working in Grenada, Mississippi, the Jackson Daily News published an exposé of her work as a "professional agitator" on its editorial page, implying that she was a communist sympathizer. The exposé was accompanied by five photographs, including one taken during the FSM. Thirty years later a federal court order disclosed that these were provided to the newspaper by the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission. An informant had documented Freeman's participation in the FSM and recognized her in Grenada. Concerned for her safety, SCLC sent Freeman back to Atlanta, where she worked in the main office and also as Coretta Scott King's assistant for six weeks. In October she was sent to work with SCLC's Chicago project. As the SCLC 's Chicago project faded out, Freeman went to work for a community newspaper, the West Side TORCH. When this job ended she tried to find jobs as a journalist and photographer in Chicago, where she was told that girls can't cover riots. Eventually she found work as a re-write editor for a trade magazine, later becoming a freelance writer.

Women's liberation activist and author
In June 1967, Freeman attended a "free school" course on women at the University of Chicago led by Heather Booth and Naomi Weisstein. She invited them to organize a woman's workshop at the then-forthcoming National Conference of New Politics (NCNP), to be held over Labor Day weekend 1967 in Chicago. A woman's caucus led by Freeman and Shulamith Firestone was formed at that conference and tried to present its own demands to the plenary session. The women were told their resolution was not important enough for a floor discussion and when through threatening to tie up the convention with procedural motions they succeeded in having their statement tacked to the end of the agenda, it was never discussed.

When the National Conference for New Politics Director William F. Pepper refused to recognize any of the women waiting to speak and instead called on someone to speak about the American Indian, five women, including Firestone, rushed the podium to demand to know why. Pepper patted Firestone on the head and said, "Move on little girl; we have more important issues to talk about here than women's liberation," or possibly, "Cool down, little girl. We have more important things to talk about than women's problems."

Freeman and Firestone called a meeting of the women who had been at the "free school" course and the women's workshop at the conference — this became the first Chicago women's liberation group, known as the Westside group because it met weekly in Freeman's apartment on Chicago's west side. After a few months Freeman started the newsletter Voice of the women's liberation movement. It circulated all over the country (and in a few foreign countries), and gave the new movement its name. Many of the women in the Westside group went on to start other feminist organizations including the Chicago Women's Liberation Union.

In the fall of 1968, Freeman enrolled in graduate school in political science at the University of Chicago. However, she took courses outside the discipline which would give her an opportunity to explore the research on women, sex roles and related topics. Most of the term papers she wrote were later published in various magazines and in college textbooks. When consciousness about women at the University was raised by a sit-in prompted by the firing of a popular female professor, Freeman led efforts to examine women's experiences at the University and in academia. These included teaching a "free course" on the legal and economic position of women early in 1969, chairing the student subcommittee of the new Committee on University Women, and organizing a major campus conference on women the following fall.

At the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association (APSA) in 1969, she helped to found the Women's Caucus for Political Science, eventually serving as its treasurer for one year. She also served on APSA's Committee on the Status of Women.

As a result of her publications, Freeman was invited to speak at many other colleges and universities, mostly in the Midwest. She spent the summers of 1970 and 1971 hitchhiking through Europe distributing feminist literature. Her lecture at the University of Oslo in 1970 is credited for sparking its first new feminist group. The literature she distributed was also a boon to feminists in the Netherlands.

Although Freeman had not been active in Democratic Party politics since leaving California in 1965 (except for a brief stint on Eugene McCarthy's 1968 Presidential campaign), she ran for delegate to the 1972 Democratic National Convention in order to put Shirley Chisholm's name on the ballot. She came in ninth out of 24 candidates in Chicago's first district and attended the convention as an alternate with the Chicago Challenge Delegation that unseated Mayor Daley's hand-picked slate. She later worked on California Senator Alan Cranston's 1984 Presidential campaign and became active in Democratic Party politics in Brooklyn, New York.

Freeman wrote four classic feminist papers under her movement name "Joreen", which analyzed her experiences in the women's liberation movement. The most widely known is The Tyranny of Structurelessness, which argued there is no such thing as a structureless group; power is simply disguised and hidden when structure is unacknowledged and that all groups and organizations need clear lines of responsibility for democratic accountability, a notion that underlies the theory of democratic structuring. The 1969 BITCH Manifesto is considered an early example of language reclamation by a social movement, as well as a celebration of non-traditional gender roles. A third article, Trashing: The Dark Side of Sisterhood, illuminated an aspect of the women's movement that many participants experienced but few wanted to discuss openly. The 51 Percent Minority Group: A Statistical Essay appeared in the 1970 anthology Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From The Women's Liberation Movement, edited by Robin Morgan.

Freeman's 1973 dissertation analyzed the two branches of the women's movement, arguing that they were separated more by generation and experience than by ideology. What she called the "younger branch" was started by women with experience in civil rights, anti-war, and New Left student activism. The "older branch" was founded by women who had been members of or worked with the President's Commission on the Status of Women and related state Commissions. The latter branch gave rise to such organizations as the National Organization for Women (NOW) and the Women's Equity Action League (WEAL). The resulting book, The Politics of Women's Liberation, was published in 1975 and won the APSA's prize for the best scholarly work on women in politics. Freeman wrote The Bitch Manfesto in fall of 1968. In this work, Freeman notes that women are labeled as a bitch in society based on three principles, their personality, orientation, and physicality. Freeman argues that women that are labeled "a bitch" are often seen as aggressive or as a man hater. Freeman asked women to embrace their inner bitch, noting that it is difficult to make societal change without angering people (and therefore receiving the bitch label).

In 1977, Freeman became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP).

Freeman is featured in the feminist history film, She's Beautiful When She's Angry.

Career in law and political science
Before receiving her PhD from the University of Chicago in 1973, Freeman taught for four years at the State University of New York. She then spent two years in Washington, D.C., as a fellow at the Brookings Institution and then as an APSA Congressional Fellow. With an increasing interest in public policy, and unable to find a full-time appointment in academia, Freeman decided to study law after she was offered a Root-Tilden Scholarship at New York University School of Law. She received a J.D. degree in 1982 and was admitted to the New York State Bar the next year. She maintained a private practice in Brooklyn, New York for many years, serving as counsel to women running for political offices and to pro-choice demonstrators.

Freeman has published 11 books and hundreds of articles. Most are on some aspect of women or feminism, but she also writes about social movements and political parties. Two of these are considered classics: "On the Origins of Social Movements" and "The Political Culture of the Democratic and Republican Parties." Women: A Feminist Perspective went into five editions and for many years was the leading introductory women's studies textbook. A Room at a Time: How Women Entered Party Politics (2000) also won a prize for scholarship given at the APSA.

She has continued to attend the major party political conventions, but as a journalist. Many of her articles are posted to her webpage, as are some of her photographs of political events and a small selection from her button collection.

Books

 * The Politics of Women's Liberation: A Case Study of an Emerging Social Movement and Its Relation to the Policy Process (Longman, 1975; iUniverse, 2000). ISBN 978-0-595-08899-7
 * Women: A Feminist Perspective, editor (Mayfield, 1975, 1979, 1984, 1989, 1995). ISBN 1-55934-111-4
 * Social Movements of the Sixties and Seventies, editor (Longman, 1983). ISBN 0-582-28091-5
 * Waves of Protest: Social Movements Since the Sixties, editor with Victoria Johnson (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999). ISBN 0-8476-8747-3
 * A Room at a Time: How Women Entered Party Politics (Rowman & Littlefield, 2000). ISBN 0-8476-9804-1
 * At Berkeley in the Sixties: The Education of an Activist, 1961–1965 (Indiana University Press, 2004). ISBN 0-253-34283-X
 * We Will Be Heard: Women's Struggles for Political Power in the United States (Rowman & Littlefield, 2008). ISBN 978-0-7425-5608-9

title: Jo Freeman


text:
User:Kils/Antarctic krill

this page frozen by faculty patron Uwe Kils on June 10 2005 as teaching material for the Virtual_university proposals "Biology of Antarctica" - for the active page go Antarctic krill - this will by updated soon again

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a species of krill (Arthropoda / Crustacea / Malacostraca / found in Antarctic waters in the Southern Ocean.

Krill live in large and dense schools (swarms) (up to 20 000 individuals per cubic meter) and convert the primary production directly into a relatively large animal : they grow to a length of 6 cm, weigh 2 grammes, and live probably for 6 years. The step between predator and prey is unusually large, normally it takes 3 or 4 steps from the 20 micrometer small phytoplankton to organisms of krill size (via copepods and small fish). The next size-step in the food chain to the whales is also enormous, a phenomenon of the Antarctic ecosystem which is found nowhere else in the world.

Geographical Distribution

Krill is thronging the surface waters of the Southern Ocean, has a circumpolar distribution with highest concentrations in the Atlantic sector. The Antarctic convergence defines more or less the northern boundary. That is the circumpolar front where the cold Antarctic surface water submerges below the warmer subantarctic waters.

The Southern Ocean with its Atlantic, Pacific and Indian sectors stretches from the polarfront at ca. 55 degree South to the edge of the continent, covering 32 million square kilometers. That is 65 times the size of the North Sea. Whereas during winter more than three fourth are covered by ice, vast areas (24 million square kilometers) become icefree in South summer. The water temperatures are between - 1.3 and 3 degree Centigrade.

The waters of the Southern Ocean form a system of currents. In the West Wind Drift the surface strata is traveling round Antarctica eastwards. Close to the continent the East Wind Drift runs counterclockwise. At the front between both large eddies develop, for example in the Weddell Sea.

Position in Antarctic ecosystem
Antarctic krill is the keystone species of the ecosystem of Antarctica, and is an important food organism for whales, seals, Leopard Seals, fur seals, Crabeater Seals, squid, icefish, penguins, albatrosses and many other birds. E. superba lives only in the Southern Ocean, in the North Atlantic, Meganyctiphanes norvegica and in the Pacific, Euphausia pacifica are dominant species.

Systematic
The order euphausiacea are shrimplike eucarida, whose carapax is joined with all thoracomers and so short on the sides that the gills are visible. None of the thoracopods is formed into a gnathopod, differentiating this order against the decapoda.

Biomass
Their biomass is estimated to be between 100 and 800 million tonnes, making E. superba the most successful animal on the planet; for comparison, the total non-krill yield from all world fisheries is about 100 million tonnes per year. Why can krill build up such a high biomass? The waters around the icy continent harbors one of the most gigantic plankton assemblages of our world, maybe the biggest one of all. It is so full of phytoplankton because here water rises from the depths to the light flooded surface, bringing nutrients from all oceans back to the photic zone. There are fears that the biomass is declining rapidly over the last decade, probably caused by the reduction of the pack ice zone as a consequence of global warming. The juveniles need apparently the ice for good survival. They hide in the caves and harvest the surface. In years with low ice conditions krill is substituted by salps.

Fisheries

The fishery of krill is on the order of 90,000 tonnes per year. The products are used in Japan and for feeds. Krill fisheries are difficult in two aspects: Because a krill net needs to have very fine meshes it has a very high drag, producing a bow wave, deflecting the krill to the sides. Also fine meshes clog very fast. A fine net is also a very delicate net, and the first krill nets exploded while fishing through the schools. Another problem is how to bring the catch on board.

During hauling of the full net out of the water the organisms compress each other, and much juice is lost. Experiments are carried out to pump krill, still in water, through a large tube on board. A special krill net is under development too. The processing of the krill has to be very quick because it deteriorates within a few hours. One goal is to split the muscular hind part from the front part and to separate the chitin armor, in order to produce frosted products and concentrate powders. Its high protein and vitamin content makes krill interesting for direct human consumption and for the animal-feed industry.

The gut of E. superba can often be seen shining in green through its transparent skin, an indication that this species feeds predominantly on phytoplankton, e.g. diatoms, which it filters from the water with a "feeding basket", but they can also catch copepods, amphipods and other small zooplankton. Krill is called light-shrimp because it can produce light with light-organs (bioluminescence), one pair at the eyestalk and the hips of the 2nd and 7th thoracopods and single ones at the four pleonsternites. These lightorgans transmit from time to time a yellowgreen light for 2 to 3 seconds and are so highly developed that they can be compared with a torchlight: A concave reflector in the back and a lens in the front guide the produced light, and the whole organ can be rotated by muscles.The function of this light is not quite clear, some argue they compensate their shadow so that they are not visible for predators from below, others speculate it is important for mating or schooling at night.

Development

Main spawning time of krill is from January to March, over the shelf, but also in oceanic areas over deep waters. As typical for euphausiaceans the male attaches a sperm package to the genital opening of the female. For this purpose the first pleopods of the male are constructed as tools. According to the classical hypothesis of MARR 1962, which he derived from the results of the great Discovery-Expedition, the development is this: Gastrulation sets in during the descent of the 0.6 mm eggs, on the shelf at the bottom, in oceanic areas in depths around 2000 m. From the egg hatches the 1st nauplius and starts the migration towards the surface with the aid of its three pairs of legs ("developmental ascent"). The next two larval stages, 2nd nauplius and metanauplius, do not eat but are nourished by the yolk. After three weeks the little krill has finished as 1st calyptopis the ascent. Growing larger additional larval stages are following (2nd and 3rd calyptopis, 1st to 6th furcilia). They are characterized by increasing development of the additional legs, the compound eyes and the setae. At 15 mm the juvenile krill resembles the habitus of the adults. After two, maybe three years krill reaches maturity. As characteristic for all crustaceans krill must molt in order to grow. Approximately every 13 to 20 days krill ejects from its chitin skin and leaves it as exuvia behind.

Filter feeding
How can they achieve to utilize directly the minute phytoplankton cells (no other higher animal of krill size can do such)? They developed in their front legs a very efficient filtering apparatus: Slow motion movie (300 frames per second) of pump filtering of the feeding basket formed by the six thoracopods shown by krill collecting phytoplankton from the open water. The krill is hovering at a 55 degree angle at the spot. This behavior is shown under very high phytoplankton concentrations. In lower food concentrations the feeding basket is pushed through the water over half a meter in an opened position, like indicated in the watercolor sketch.

Detail of the filter formed by the thoracopods. Like a comb long setae stretch forwards to cover over the gap between the thoracopods.

The first degree filter setae carry in v-form two rows of second degree setae, pointing towards the inside of the feeding basket (electron microscope image). To display the total area of this fascinating structure one would have to tile 7500 times this image.

Into these gaps are then third degree setae reaching half the distance. In some parts of the net the openings are only 1 micrometer wide (electron microscope image).

Icealgae raking

Krill can scrape off the green lawn of ice algae from the underside of the pack ice. In this image, taken via a ROV, most krill swim in an upside-down position directly under the ice. Only one animal (in the middle) is hovering in the free water.

Escape reaction

Krill evades predators by very fast backward swimming (lobstering), flipping its telson. They reach speeds of over 60 cm per second. The trigger time to optical stimulus is, in spite of the low temperatures, only 55 milliseconds.

Literature
MARR J W S 1962 The natural history and geography of the Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba - Discovery report 32:33-464

 * list

title: User:Kils/Antarctic krill


text:
Portal:India/Intro

National Anthem of India More about India ...

title: Portal:India/Intro


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LMS Hughes Crab

The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Hughes Crab or Horwich Mogul is a class of mixed-traffic 2-6-0 steam locomotive built between 1926 and 1932. They are noted for their appearance with large steeply-angled cylinders to accommodate a restricted loading gauge.

Overview
Designed by George Hughes, chief mechanical engineer of the LMS, and built at the ex-L&YR works at Horwich and the ex-LNWR works at Crewe. The inspiration came from a Caledonian Railway design at the grouping, however the cylinders were too large for the LMS's English section's loading gauge, resulting in Hughes having to adapt the concept. They were put into service by his successor, Henry Fowler. The design incorporated a number of advanced features for the time such as long travel valves, compensated brake gear, a new design of tender and a new boiler, the latter based on the one fitted to Hughes's four-cylinder Baltic tank locomotives built at Horwich.

Fowler tried to have the design altered to use standard Derby components. However the design process and pre-production were sufficiently advanced to prevent the fitting of a smaller Derby pattern boiler, and the cylinders and motion also remained as designed by Hughes. The tender was replaced by a Derby standard type, which was narrower than the cab. Standard Midland Railway boiler fittings and brake equipment were also substituted, and the class became something of a hybrid design. Nevertheless they performed rather well in most circumstances and gained a strong reputation in some areas, especially in Scotland, where they became the preferred locomotive for heavy unfitted mineral work on difficult routes, even after the introduction of the Stanier mixed traffic 4-6-0s.

Experiments
In 1931, five engines, 13118, 13122, 13124, 13125 and 13129 were fitted with Lentz valve gear. They were renumbered as 42818, 42822, 42824, 42825 and 42829 after nationalisation. In 1953, the Lentz valve gear on these engines was replaced with Reidinger valve gear.

Tests at Rugby Locomotive Testing Station in 1954 indicated the design had a maximum steaming rate of 16000 lb/h. Modifications of the chimney and blast pipe improved the maximum rate to 20000 lb/h but no other engine was modified to take advantage of this.

Successor
When an order was placed by the traffic department for delivery of 40 more examples of this type, the new chief mechanical engineer, William Stanier, decided to introduce a taper boiler version, in line with his policy of using taper boilers on all new locomotive designs. There were so many changes to the layout of the locomotive, such as higher boiler pressure and smaller cylinders, that it became a new design, the LMS Stanier Mogul.

Numbering
Initially numbered 13000–244, as standard locomotives they were given the lower numbers 2700–2944 in the LMS 1933 renumbering scheme. After being taken into British Railways stock an additional 40000 was added to their numbers, becoming 42700–42944.

Withdrawal
The class survived intact until 1961 when three were withdrawn. The remainder of the class were withdrawn over the next six years.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 23 February 1937, an express freight train hauled by locomotive No. 2765 was derailed at West Hampstead, Middlesex.
 * On 27 August 1950, locomotive No. 42885 was in a collision Penmaenmawr, Denbighshire. The engine was shunting when it was inadvertently diverted onto the mainline. The Irish Mail, hauled by LMS Rebuilt Royal Scot Class 4-6-0 No. 46119 Lancashire Fusilier, collided with it from behind. 6 people were killed in the accident.
 * On 19 May 1957, locomotive No. 42806 was derailed at Parkhouse, Ayr.
 * On 21 January 1960, in the Settle rail crash, a freight train derailed following damage to the track from a failed connecting rod assembly on a passenger locomotive on the adjacent track. The derailed locomotive, No. 42881, struck the stopped passenger train, killing 5 passengers and injuring 8 more.

Nicknames
These locomotives were referred to by train spotters as "Crabs", although the term "Horwich mogul" was preferred by the LMS. Several authors have claimed that this refers to the resemblance to a crab's pincers of the outside cylinders and valve motion. Another suggestion is that the nickname refers to the "scuttling" motion felt on the footplate when the engine is being worked hard, due largely to the inclined cylinders, producing a sensation that it is walking along the track. In some areas they also received the nickname "frothblowers" from their tendency to prime easily when the boiler was overfilled, or the feedwater contaminated.

Survivors
Three have survived to preservation

Note: Engine numbers in bold mean their current number.

Models
Models exist in 00 gauge. An old model was produced by Lima, and an updated model has since been produced by Bachmann. N gauge models are produced by Graham Farish.

title: LMS Hughes Crab


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Category talk:Pornography

removed
I removed which do not include all of Porn
 * Category:Movie genres
 * Category:Mass media
 * Category:Photography by genre

It's fundamentally important to realize that the only cats that Category:Pornography can be tagged with (included in, made a subcat of) are the ones that also could include every article that can be in either Category:Pornography or any of its subcats.

These two: are good tags: pornography is inherantly about sexuality (even when it's really about power, it's about sexuality as a form of power), and nudity is so close to being essential to pornography as to do no harm.
 * Category:Sexuality
 * Category:Nudity

These: are on the borderline: I won't argue if someone takes them out as well.
 * Category:Sex businesses
 * Category:Sexual arts
 * homemade porn for one's own use is porn without being a sex business, and
 * only the vagueness of "arts" makes it plausible that all porn, no matter how spontaneous and inept, should be included.

--Jerzy·t 14:05, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

individuals should go into "porn stars"
I think all names of individuals should not appear here but in cat. Porn stars or a more specific subcat. thereof (unless they are company owners or film directors or so). Can some robot do this ? — MFH:Talk 16:36, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

merge of erotica

 * Oppose Erotica is not pronography. 172.129.61.138 22:24, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose Although erotica perhaps is not such a commonly used word as porn, it makes for a decent, refined category. - Gilliam 04:25, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose Erotica is heavily under-represented in wikipedia, but that's no reason to take it out. I'm adding things wherever I can... Cypherpress 01:19, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose I see them as being distinct and meriting distinct categories AMProSoft 02:19, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Erotica encompasses such works as the erotic frescoes of Pompeii and various works of erotic literature, neither of which are considered "pornography" by most people.  There is a grey area, but there is a body of work (no pun intended) that can be distinguished as erotica and not pornography.  Joie de Vivre 18:11, 18 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose. It's not the same thing. --Two Wings (jraf ) 12:21, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Support. Please provide definitions of what erotica is that pornography isn't. Arundhati lejeune 17:25, 24 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose The boundary between erotica and pornography may be difficult to define - it depends on the individual and his/her taste, culture etc - but they are not the same thing, unless of course you are an outright puritan. There is a world of difference between the Biblcal Song of Solomon and a hardcore porn film! I see nobody has added a comment here since July 2007 and therefore propose removing the Merge tag in the near future as the consensus is overwhelmingly for maintaining the two categories (check out the relevant interwikis as well). Enaidmawr (talk) 21:48, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Pornography


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Lost volume seller

Lost volume seller is a legal term in the law of contracts. Such a seller is a special case in contract law. Ordinarily, a seller whose buyer breaches a contract and refuses to purchase the goods can recover from the breaching buyer only the difference between the contract price and the price for which the seller ultimately sells the goods to another buyer (plus, under some circumstances, incidental damages).

In the case of a lost volume seller, the seller goes on to sell the goods to someone else, usually for the same price. Under the usual measure of damages, such a seller would have no damages (the contract price, less the sale price to the other customer, is zero), and the breaching buyer would have no liability.

The objective of the law of contracts with respect to damages is to put the aggrieved party in as good a position as the aggrieved party would have been in if the breaching party had fully performed. The ordinary measure of damages fails to put the lost volume seller in as good a position as the lost volume seller would have been if the breaching buyer had been fully performed. The lost volume seller would have had the profit from two sales if the first buyer had performed, instead of the profit from only one sale as a result of the first buyer's breach. In such a case, some laws (including Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code in the United States) permit the aggrieved seller to recover the lost profit that the seller would have made if the buyer had not breached (plus, under some circumstances, incidental damages).

Lost volume sellers tend to be those whose capacity to sell or to produce or acquire the subject goods is sufficiently large to meet the demands of all customers who seek to buy those goods. The term generally arises in the context of a breach of contract action in which the selling party seeks to recover against a breaching buyer who repudiates his or her promise to buy. For a lost volume seller, the failure to make one sale (because of the buyer's breach) reduces the seller's profit by the amount of profit that would have accrued from the sale.

Example
For example, if a T-shirt maker has 100 T-shirts, and a customer agrees to buy a shirt from the seller and then breaches that agreement (i.e. refuses to take delivery and pay), the seller will likely be able sell the shirt at the same price to the next customer who walks in. Such a seller has no damages by the usual measure (there is no difference between the contract price with the breaching buyer and the price paid by the buyer who subsequently bought the T-shirt).

However, if the seller has the ability to sell a shirt to any customer who walks in, the customer who breaches the agreement to buy has prevented the seller from earning profit that the seller would have earned if the agreement had been honored. The initial buyer’s breach has caused the seller to receive the profit from only one sale (the sale to the second buyer), instead of the profit from two sales (the sale to the second buyer, plus the sale for which the breaching buyer contracted).

Accordingly, the T-shirt seller can recover from the breaching buyer the profit that the seller would have made on the sale of the T-shirt for which the breaching buyer contracted.

title: Lost volume seller


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Estadio Jalisco

The Jalisco Stadium is a football stadium located in Guadalajara, Mexico. It is the third-largest Mexican football stadium behind Estadio Azteca and Estadio Olímpico Universitario with a capacity of 56,713 spectators.

History
Estadio Jalisco was the home ground of Guadalajara, one of the oldest football teams in Mexico, until 2010. It remains the home stadium of Atlas in the Liga MX and Club Universidad de Guadalajara in the Liga de Expansión MX. Several football preliminary matches took place for the 1968 Summer Olympics.

The stadium hosted games in two separate FIFA World Cups in 1970 and 1986. During both of those tournaments the Estadio Jalisco was the temporary home of the Brazilian national team and today remains a liaison between the people of Guadalajara and the Brazilian national team. The stadium is centrally located in the heart of the neighbourhood called Colonia Independencia, and is in front of the Plaza de Toros Nuevo Progreso ("New Progress" Bullring).

The stadium also hosted eight games in the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup, including the third-place game.

After 50 years, Guadalajara moved to the Estadio Omnilife in 2010.

1970 FIFA World Cup
The stadium hosted eight matches in the 1970 FIFA World Cup, including six group matches, a quarterfinal, and the semifinal in which Brazil defeated Uruguay 3-1.

1986 FIFA World Cup
The stadium hosted six matches in the 1986 FIFA World Cup, including all three group matches involving Brazil, a round-of-16 match, a quarterfinal, and a semifinal. Brazil played in every single game the stadium hosted except one of the semifinals where it was hoped Brazil would play as well but it didn't happen as the French men's national football team defeated Brazil on penalties in the quarterfinals.

Renovations
On 31 January 2017, Clubes Unidos de Jalisco announced a renovation project to replace seating at the Jalisco, to replace the deteriorating roof, remodeling dressing rooms and adding a large 360 degree screen above the field. The 360 screen was set to debut during the match vs Tigres UANL on 8 September 2017; however, it was determined that the match would be suspended due to the screen being installed merely 8 meters above the field, thus making it impossible for regular gameplay.

title: Estadio Jalisco