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Spencer Plaza

Spencer Plaza (Tamil: ஸ்பென்சர் பிளாசா) is a shopping mall located on Anna Salai in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, and is one of the modern landmarks of the city. Originally built during the period of the British Raj and reconstructed in 1985 on the site of the original Spencer's department store, it is the oldest shopping mall in India and was one of the biggest shopping malls in South Asia when it was built. It is one of the earliest Grade A commercial projects of the city, which were developed in the second half of the 1990s. As of March 2010, it is the 11th largest mall in the country, with a gross leasable (retail) area of 530,000 sq ft.

History
Spencer Plaza was built in 1863–1864, established by Charles Durant and J. W. Spencer in Anna Salai, then known as Mount Road, in the Madras Presidency. The property originally belonged to Spencer & Co Ltd. Spencer & Co opened the first department store in the Indian subcontinent in 1895. It had over 80 individual departments. After a few years, Eugene Oakshott, owner of Spencer's, shifted the department store to a new building, which was an example of Indo-Saracenic style of architecture. The building was designed by W. N. Pogson. In 1983, the original building was destroyed in a fire.

The present Spencer Plaza was constructed on the same site, measuring about 10 acres, and was opened in 1991. Spread across a million square feet built in three phases with parking space for 800 cars, the plaza is a major hangout for the people of Chennai. The mall was developed by Mangal Tirth Estate Limited in January 1993.

Building
The plaza is an eight-storey shopping-cum-office complex of approximately 1.068 million sq ft, consisting of nearly 600000 sqft of air-conditioned shopping units and 400000 sqft of office units. The shopping arcade is located on the ground, first and second floors in all three phases, and the office units are spread between the fourth and the seventh floors. The car parks are spread over the basement, ground, second and third floors, in addition to double basement parking lots in the third phase of the building.

The first phase of the building consists of about 300,000 sq ft, including about 125,000 sq ft of centrally air-conditioned shopping space and 100,000 sq ft of office units together with about 75,000 sq ft of service areas. The second phase consists of about 400,000 sq ft, with a provision for about 600 cars at the basement, with shops with various sizes ranging from 300 sq ft to 2,000 sq ft. The third phase covers another 300,000 sq ft. The theme of the third phase is based on colonnaded structure recreating the old Spencer's around a full-height atrium.

There are over 700 shops in the plaza and over 22,000 people visit the plaza every day, with the number increasing to 40,000 on weekends and to 60,000 on festival days. The complex has three counters to keep track of footfalls. Over 20,000 two-wheelers check into the parking lot on weekends.

Technical and safety aspects
Being a high-rise building, the complex has a wet riser system and electronic fire alarm system installed. The underground sump has a storage capacity of 100,000 L. A ring main surrounds the building from the pump room. Five wet risers run from basement to the second floor and three run from the fourth floor to the seventh floor. These risers are located at strategic points in each floor. The pump room has three pumps, one jockey pump, one main pump with an electric motor and one main pump connected with a diesel engine. The electronic fire detection system comprises smoke detectors and manual call points located in various points in common areas in all floors, sub-stations, electrical rooms, A/C plant and so forth, which are connected to a centralised computer located at the enclosures of the chief security officer. There are also many portable fire extinguishers at each floor in different locations. The rear periphery of the building has fire escape stairs, with fire escape routes displayed with signboards at various points of the building. The car ramps can also be used as fire escape routes. The building has two entrances, one from Binny Road and another from Anna Salai, for fire engines.

Fire safety includes a water capacity of 1.2 million litres, fire sprinklers, smoke and heat detection systems and fire extinguishers. The in-house fire department has six firemen per shift.

Shops
The mall hosts major anchor stores such as Westside (spread across 20,000 sq ft) and Landmark (40,000 sq ft), and several local and international brands such as Nike, Adidas, Bata, Regal, Health & Glow, Vummidiars, Van Heusen, Proline, Allen Solly, Florshaim shoes, Lipton, Louis Philippe, Titan, Levi's, Casio, V.I.P. Luggage, Spencer & Co (40,000 sq ft on the ground, first and second floors), Timex Watch Showroom, Swatch, Cookie Man, BPL (Profx), Color Plus, Navigator, Witco, Pantaloons (26,000 sq ft), Arrow, Lee, Music World (now closed), Food World, HSBC, ABN AMRO, American Express, Citibank (65,000 sq ft in second and third phases), First Flight and Du Bowl (16,000 sq ft). McDonald's, the world's largest fast food chain, has established an outlet.

On 26 February 2004, the Sri Lanka Export Development Board (SLEDB) established a trade centre at the complex at a cost of ₹17 million. The Sri Lanka Trade Centre is spread over 20,000 sq ft on the first floor at the third phase of the building. Seventeen frontline Sri Lankan companies display apparel, artificial flowers, confectionaries, footwear and leather products, gems and jewellery, herbal products, light engineering products, porcelain, tableware, Ceylon tea and toys.

Incidents
On 4 September 2008, a fire erupted on the first floor of the building's first phase around 10:20 p.m. local time, perhaps due to a short circuit. A garment shop was burned in the incident. With the help of 12 water tenders and 9 fire tenders, the fire was extinguished within 30 minutes, and no casualties were reported. The firemen had easy access to the spot, mainly due to the setback space available inside the building.

title: Spencer Plaza


text:
List of drugs: Dr–Dy

dra-dri

 * draflazine (INN)
 * Dralserp
 * Dralzine
 * dramedilol (INN)
 * draquinolol (INN)
 * Draximage MDP
 * drazidox (INN)
 * dribendazole (INN)
 * Dricort
 * drinabant (INN)
 * drinidene (INN)
 * Drisdol
 * Drixoral
 * Drize

drob-drot

 * drobuline (INN)
 * drocinonide (INN)
 * droclidinium bromide (INN)
 * drofenine (INN)
 * Drolban
 * droloxifene (INN)
 * drometrizole (INN)
 * Dromostanolone (Eli Lilly)
 * dronedarone hydrochloride (USAN)
 * dronabinol (INN)
 * dronedarone (INN)
 * dropempine (INN)
 * droperidol (INN)
 * droprenilamine (INN)
 * dropropizine (INN)
 * drospirenone (INN)
 * drostanolone (INN)
 * drotaverine (INN)
 * drotebanol (INN)
 * drotrecogin alfa (INN)

drox-droz

 * droxacin (INN)
 * Droxia
 * droxicainide (INN)
 * droxicam (INN)
 * droxidopa (INN)
 * droxinavir (INN)
 * droxypropine (INN)
 * drozitumab (USAN)

dt

 * Dtic-Dome
 * DTIC-Dome (Bayer)
 * DTPA

dua-dup

 * Duac
 * duazomycin (INN)
 * dulaglutide (USAN)
 * dulanermin (USAN, INN)
 * dulofibrate (INN)
 * duloxetine (INN)
 * dulozafone (INN)
 * dumorelin (INN)
 * Duo-Medihaler
 * Duocaine
 * duometacin (INN)
 * Duoneb
 * duoperone (INN)
 * Duotic
 * Duphalac
 * dupracetam (INN)
 * DUB-care Anti-Fibrinolytic (Burgeon pharma)

dur-duv

 * Durabolin-50
 * Durabolin (Redirects to Nandrolone)
 * Duracillin A.S.
 * Duraclon
 * Duradyne DHC
 * Duragesic
 * Duramorph PF
 * Duranest
 * Duraphyl
 * Duraquin
 * Duricef
 * Durveqtix
 * dutacatib (INN)
 * dutasteride (INN)
 * duteplase (INN)
 * dutogliptin (USAN, INN)
 * duvoglustat (USAN, INN)
 * Duvoid
 * Duvyzat

dv-dy

 * Dyazide
 * Dycill
 * Dyclone
 * dyclonine (INN)
 * dydrogesterone (INN)
 * dihydrocodeine (INN)
 * Dymelor
 * Dyna-Hex
 * Dynabac
 * Dynacirc
 * Dynapen
 * Dyrenium

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of drugs: Dr–Dy


text:
Talk:Internet Explorer shell

Article title
Is the right term "Internet Explorer shell extension" instead of "Internet Explorer shell"? — 2004-12-29T22:45Z 14:40, 29 April 2005 (UTC)

 * No. How are these applications "shell extensions" and not "shells"? I think you're confused about what a shell is. Confirm with Google; "Internet Explorer shell" is common terminology; "Internet Explorer shell extension" appears nowhere except in copies of the Wikipedia article after you renamed it. — mjb 18:59, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Are there any open source IE shells?
I am looking for a working GPL'd IE shell, as some of its code may be useful for this Firefox plugin/extension. (current extension version is here) --pile0nadestalk 03:00, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

IETab in Firefox
What category does this ever-so-helpful widget fall under? It opens new tabs, Firefox-style, but using Internet Explorer windows. It effectively allows me to merge the two browsers at will, with minimal IE vulnerability. Does it count as an IE/Trident shell? AKismet 12:15, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Basically, yes. -- Simxp 20:48, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

Introduction POV
From TFA: "...They share the bugs and Security vilnerabilities of the Trident engine". If these bug and security vulnerabilities were a major, well-referenced component of the Trident (layout engine) article, then this sentence might be justified; as it is, nothing of the sort is even mentioned in the Trident article and as such that sentence just reads POV. Any objections to removing it? -- Simxp 20:48, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Internet Explorer shell


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Louise Freeland Jenkins

Louise Freeland Jenkins (July 5, 1888 – May 9, 1970) was an American astronomer who compiled a valuable catalogue of stars within 10 parsecs of the sun, as well as editing the 3rd edition of the Yale Bright Star Catalogue.

She was born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. In 1911 she graduated from Mount Holyoke College, then she received a Master's degree in astronomy in 1917 from the same institution. From 1913 to 1915 she worked at the Allegheny Observatory in Pittsburgh. Afterwards, she was an instructor at Mount Holyoke from 1915 to 1920.

About 1921 she moved to Japan, becoming a teacher at the Women's Christian College, a missionary school. She returned to the United States in 1925 after her father died. A year later she returned to teach at a school in Himeji. (Hinomoto Gakuen girl's high school.)

In 1932 she returned to the US and became a staff member at Yale University Observatory. She was co-editor of the Astronomical Journal starting in 1942, and continued in this post until 1958. She would return to visit Japan later in her life.

She was noted for her research into the trigonometric parallax of nearby stars. She also studied variable stars.

Honors

 * The crater Jenkins on the Moon is named after her.

title: Louise Freeland Jenkins


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Kurt Eichenwald

Kurt Alexander Eichenwald (born June 28, 1961) is an American journalist and a New York Times bestselling author of five books, one of which, The Informant (2000), was made into a motion picture in 2009. He is senior investigative editor at The Conversation. Formerly he was a senior writer and investigative reporter with The New York Times, Condé Nast's business magazine, Portfolio, and later was a contributing editor with Vanity Fair and a senior writer with Newsweek. Eichenwald had been employed by The New York Times since 1986 and primarily covered Wall Street and corporate topics such as insider trading, accounting scandals, and takeovers, but also wrote about a range of issues including terrorism, the Bill Clinton pardon controversy, federal health care policy, and sexual predators on the Internet.

Early life and education
Eichenwald was born in 1961. He has stated that he is "Episcopalian with a Jewish father." He graduated from St. Mark's School of Texas in Dallas and Swarthmore College. His extracurricular activities during his time at Swarthmore included being a founding member of Sixteen Feet, an a cappella vocal octet.

During his first months of college, Eichenwald sustained a concussion, which was soon followed by noticeable epileptic seizures. Diagnosed with epilepsy in November of his freshman year, he continued to attend school despite repeated grand mal seizures.

After having two outdoor seizures on campus, he was dismissed from Swarthmore, in apparent violation of federal law. He contacted the United States Department of Health and Human Services and fought his way back into school, an experience that he has credited with giving him the willingness to take on institutions in his muckraking reporting. He graduated with his class in 1983, receiving a degree in political science, with distinction.

Career at The New York Times
Following a year at the Election and Survey Unit at CBS News, Eichenwald joined The New York Times in 1985 as a news clerk for Hedrick Smith, the paper's chief Washington correspondent. When Smith began writing his book The Power Game, Eichenwald became his research assistant, leaving in 1986 to become associate editor at The National Journal in Washington. During those years, he was a frequent contributor to The New York Times op-ed page, writing humorous pieces about political issues.

Eichenwald returned to The New York Times later in 1986 as a news clerk for the national desk in New York, participating in the paper's writing program for aspiring reporters.

His arrival on Wall Street coincided with the explosion of white-collar criminal investigations in finance. He wrote about the stock trading scandals involving speculator Ivan Boesky and junk bond king Michael Milken, as well as the Treasury markets scandal at Salomon Brothers. He also covered the excesses of the takeover era, including the biggest deal of the time, the acquisition of RJR Nabisco by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Company.

In 1995, Eichenwald began writing about assorted corporate misdeeds. He wrote a multi-part series for The New York Times, exposing significant deficiencies in the American business of providing kidney dialysis treatments. The series led to a review by the Clinton Administration of ways to create financial incentives to improve quality in dialysis treatment, a focus of Eichenwald’s series. The articles were honored in 1996 with a George Polk Award for excellence in journalism, the first of two that he was awarded.

After his dialysis series, he joined with Martin Gottlieb, a health reporter with the newspaper, in a multi-year investigation of Columbia/HCA Healthcare Corporation, which at the time was the largest health-care company in the world.

In 1998, Eichenwald was attached to The New York Times’ senior reporter program. He also teamed with another of the newspaper's reporters, Gina Kolata, for a multi-year investigation into how business interests affect the nation's system for medical research. Eichenwald and Kolata both were honored as finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for their work.

With the explosion of corporate scandals in 2002 – Enron, WorldCom, Arthur Andersen, Tyco and others – Eichenwald reported on the unfolding scandals and becoming a television fixture on such programs as Charlie Rose and The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer in explaining the meaning of the latest developments. Eichenwald, along with several other New York Times reporters, was selected as a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in 2003 for his work on the corporate scandals.

In 2005, he wrote a group of New York Times articles about online child pornography. One of those articles was about Justin Berry, a then-18-year-old who operated pornographic websites featuring himself and other teen males. For this reporting, Eichenwald received the Payne Award for Ethics in Journalism for "preserving the editorial integrity of an important story while reaching out to assist his source, Justin Berry, in reporting on Berry’s involvement in child pornography."

Five months after publication of the article, Eichenwald and Berry both gave Congressional testimony about online child abuse before a subcommittee of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. Eichenwald claimed in the testimony that he had stumbled across Berry while reporting on documents that proved to be fraudulent, leaving him believing there was no story but fearful there was a child in danger. "I began trying to figure out if it was real, not for the purpose of doing a story because truthfully I did not, it did not occur to me there would be a story there," Eichenwald testified.

After confirming that Berry was a real person in danger, Eichenwald testified, he along with two others launched an effort to rescue the young man. Weeks after that effort had been completed, during which Eichenwald met Berry, Berry contacted him and said he wanted to reveal everything he knew about the online child pornography business for a news article in hopes of "bringing down" the illicit enterprise.

In 2007 it came to light that Eichenwald had given Berry an undisclosed $2,000 before writing the reports; The New York Times published a note stating that "the check should have been disclosed to editors and readers". During his testimony that same day as a prosecution witness against one of Berry's abusers, Eichenwald said he and his wife had used the money as a means of forcing Berry to reveal his identity during the rescue effort. Eichenwald testified that when Berry offered to become a source for a news article, he told the young man that he could not begin any reporting until the financial conflict was resolved by Berry's returning the money to him from a lawful source of funds. Eichenwald testified that Berry obtained a loan from his grandmother which he used to repay him in July 2005, at which point the reporting began.

Condé Nast Portfolio
In the fall of 2006 Eichenwald left The New York Times and joined the staff of newly created business magazine Condé Nast Portfolio as a senior writer. He was recruited by Jim Impoco, a former New York Times editor and managing editor of the new Portfolio. The first edition of the magazine was published in April 2007. However, both Eichenwald and Impoco had a very short tenure at Portfolio. An Eichenwald article about terrorism that had been championed by Impoco was killed by editor-in-chief Joanne Lipman, leading to a significant dispute between the two editors. After several months of tension between them, Lipman fired Impoco in August 2007; Eichenwald resigned on the same day. Portfolio was not a commercial success, and was closed in April 2009. The failure of such a high-profile project was seen as a major setback for Condé Nast.

Vanity Fair and Newsweek
In 2012, Eichenwald joined Vanity Fair as a contributing editor where he wrote business articles for the magazine and an online column focusing on government and politics. In 2013, while continuing his work for Vanity Fair he joined Newsweek as a senior writer.

Books
Eichenwald's reporting on Prudential led to his first book, Serpent on the Rock (1995), which focused primarily on the limited partnership scandal at Prudential Securities, which is alleged to have defrauded 340,000 people out of eight billion dollars. The book was positively reviewed by Kirkus reviews, with a comparison to the bestseller Barbarians at the Gate.

In 2000, he published his second book, The Informant. While still a business book, The Informant was much more of a non-fiction police procedural depicting the inner workings of the FBI in detail. The book was subsequently adapted as the feature film a film adaptation. The movie, a dark comedy directed by Steven Soderbergh and starring Matt Damon, was released in 2009.

Eichenwald's investigation of Enron led to his third and most successful book, Conspiracy of Fools (2005). The book made The New York Times bestseller list in April 2005. The book was marketed as "a gripping corporate thriller with more plot twists than a John Grisham novel" by Random House. It was optioned as a movie by Warner Brothers, to potentially star Leonardo DiCaprio. However, the film was never made.

In 2012, he published his fourth book, 500 Days. Also a New York Times bestseller, the book chronicled the events in governments around the world in the 500 days after the 9/11 attacks. It revealed details of the American program of NSA eavesdropping, torture policy, the American government's briefings on the coming attacks before 9/11, and the details of debates within the British government.

Eichenwald's fifth book, A Mind Unraveled, was published in 2018 by Random House. The book is a memoir about medical struggles that almost killed Eichenwald when he was a young man.

Awards and recognition
Eichenwald is a two-time winner of the George Polk Award for Excellence in Journalism in 1995 and 1997, for articles about the dialysis industry and fraud at the nation's largest hospital company, Columbia/HCA Healthcare Corporation. He was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in 2000, along with his New York Times colleague Gina Kolata, for an investigation of medical clinical trials. In 2006, he won the Payne Award for Ethics in Journalism and the Best in Business Enterprise Award from the Society of American Business Editors and Writers.

Epilepsy
In a 1987 article about his illness for The New York Times Magazine, Eichenwald wrote about his epilepsy diagnosis at the age of 18 in 1979:

"The doctor warned me – and so did members of my family soon afterward – that if I did not keep my epilepsy a secret, people would fear me and I would be subject to discrimination. Even now, seven years after that scene in the dining hall, it is difficult for me to say that I have epilepsy. Back then, it was impossible. In the years since, I have had hundreds of various types of seizures. I have experienced the mental, physical and emotional side effects caused by changes in the anticonvulsant drugs I take each day. Yet, for the first two years, I refused to learn about epilepsy. My fears of being found out were my real concern."

His willingness to reveal his personal battle to readers won him praise. He was awarded a journalism prize from the Epilepsy Foundation of America for his 1987 article. In a 2002 NewsBios article titled "Kurt Succeeded Where So Many Others Would Have Quit," Dean Rotbart wrote:

"While Eichenwald has never since hidden his epilepsy, he also didn't make it a centerpiece of his life. After writing his story, his mission was clear and it was not to become a poster boy for the illness. 'My whole life from the time I got sick was focused on making sure that I was a student, a journalist, a husband, and a father,' Kurt tells me. 'Not that I was someone with this condition.'" This is his wife, you caused a seizure. I have your information and have called the police to report the assault. Dec 15, 2016 In late 2016, after making critical remarks about Donald Trump, Eichenwald was intentionally sent epileptogenic GIFs over Twitter. In mid-December, Eichenwald participated in an interview regarding Trump with Tucker Carlson. Following that, a second epileptogenic GIF arrived over Twitter, causing Eichenwald to have a seizure. He announced he would be taking a short break from Twitter while he pursued legal action against the sender.

In March 2017, a Maryland man was arrested in connection with the incident and charged with cyberstalking. The federal cyberstalking charge was later dropped, although he still faced one count of aggravated assault, with the tweet being considered "a deadly weapon." The trial of the suspect began on December 16, 2019. In September 2020, Eichenwald won a his civil suit, although the criminal trial is still pending.

Family
Eichenwald is married to Theresa Pearse, an internist. They have three children.

title: Kurt Eichenwald


text:
Wood frog

Lithobates sylvaticus or Rana sylvatica, commonly known as the wood frog, is a frog species that has a broad distribution over North America, extending from the boreal forest of the north to the southern Appalachians, with several notable disjunct populations including lowland eastern North Carolina. The wood frog has garnered attention from biologists because of its freeze tolerance, relatively great degree of terrestrialism (for a ranid), interesting habitat associations (peat bogs, vernal pools, uplands), and relatively long-range movements.

The ecology and conservation of the wood frog has attracted research attention in recent years because they are often considered "obligate" breeders in ephemeral wetlands (sometimes called "vernal pools"), which are themselves more imperiled than the species that breed in them. The wood frog has been proposed to be the official state amphibian of New York.

Description
Wood frogs range from 51 to 70 mm in length. Females are larger than males. Adult wood frogs are usually brown, tan, or rust-colored, and usually have a dark eye mask. Individual frogs are capable of varying their color; Conant (1958) depicts one individual which was light brown and dark brown at different times. The underparts of wood frogs are pale with a yellow or green cast; in northern populations, the belly may be faintly mottled. Their body colour may change seasonally; exposure to sunlight causes darkening.

Geographic range
The contiguous wood frog range is from northern Georgia and northeastern Canada in the east to Alaska and southern British Columbia in the west. They range all throughout the boreal forests of Canada. It is the most widely distributed frog in Alaska. It is also found in the Medicine Bow National Forest.

Habitat
Wood frogs are forest-dwelling organisms that breed primarily in ephemeral, freshwater wetlands: woodland vernal pools. They are nonarboreal and spend most of their time of the forest floor. Long-distance migration plays an important role in their life history. Individual wood frogs range widely (hundreds of metres) among their breeding pools and neighboring freshwater swamps, cool-moist ravines, and/or upland habitats. Genetic neighborhoods of individual pool breeding populations extend more than a kilometre away from the breeding site. Thus, conservation of this species requires a landscape (multiple habitats at appropriate spatial scales) perspective. They also can be camouflaged with their surroundings. A study was done on wood frogs dispersal patterns in 5 ponds at the Appalachian Mountains where they reported adult wood frogs were 100% faithful to the pond of their first breeding but 18% of juveniles dispersed to breed in other ponds.

Adult wood frogs spend summer months in moist woodlands, forested swamps, ravines, or bogs. During the fall, they leave summer habitats and migrate to neighboring uplands to overwinter. Some may remain in moist areas to overwinter. Hibernacula tend to be in the upper organic layers of the soil, under leaf litter. By overwintering in uplands adjacent to breeding pools, adults ensure a short migration to thawed pools in early spring. Wood frogs are mostly diurnal and are rarely seen at night, except maybe in breeding choruses. They are one of the first amphibians to emerge for breeding right when the snow melts, along with spring peepers.

Feeding
Wood frogs eat a variety of small, forest-floor invertebrates, with a diet primarily consisting of insects. The tadpoles are omnivorous, feeding on plant detritus and algae along with other tadpoles of their own and other species.

The feeding pattern of the wood frog is similar to that of other ranids. It is triggered by prey movement and consists of a bodily lunge that terminates with the mouth opening and an extension of the tongue onto the prey. The ranid tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth near the tip of the jaw, and when the mouth is closed, the tongue lies flat, extended posteriorly from its point of attachment.

In the feeding strike, the tongue is swung forward as though on a hinge, so some portion of the normally dorsal and posterior tongue surface makes contact with the prey. At this point in the feeding strike, the wood frog differs markedly from more aquatic Lithobates species, such as the green frog, leopard frog, and bullfrog. The wood frog makes contact with the prey with just the tip of its tongue, much like a toad. A more extensive amount of tongue surface is applied in the feeding strikes of these other frog species, with the result that usually the prey is engulfed by the fleshy tongue and considerable tongue surface contacts the surrounding substrate.

Cold tolerance

Similar to other northern frogs that enter dormancy close to the surface in soil and/or leaf litter, wood frogs can tolerate the freezing of their blood and other tissues. Urea is accumulated in tissues in preparation for overwintering, and liver glycogen is converted in large quantities to glucose in response to internal ice formation. Both urea and glucose act as cryoprotectants to limit the amount of ice that forms and to reduce osmotic shrinkage of cells. Frogs found in southern Canada and the American midwest can tolerate freezing temperatures of -3 to -6 C. However, wood frogs in Interior Alaska exhibit even greater tolerance, with some of their body water freezing while still surviving. Wood frogs in natural hibernation remain frozen for 193 +/- 11 consecutive days and reached an average (October–May) temperature of -6.3 C and an average minimum temperature of -14.6 +/-. The wood frogs has evolved various physiological adaptations that allow it to tolerate the freezing of 65–70% of its total body water. When water freezes, ice crystals form in cells and break up the structure, so that when the ice thaws the cells are damaged. Frozen frogs also need to endure the interruption of oxygen delivery to their tissues as well as strong dehydration and shrinkage of their cells when water is drawn out of cells to freeze. The wood frog has evolved traits that prevent their cells from being damaged when frozen and thawed out. The wood frog has developed various adaptations that allow it to effectively combat prolonged ischemia/anoxia and extreme cellular dehydration. One crucial mechanism utilized by the wood frog is the accumulation of high amounts of glucose that act as a cryoprotectant.

Frogs can survive many freeze/thaw events during winter if no more than about 65% of the total body water freezes. Wood frogs have a series of seven amino acid substitutions in the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 1 (SERCA 1) enzyme ATP binding site that allows this pump to function at lower temperatures relative to less cold-tolerant species (e.g. Lithobates clamitans).

Studies on northern subpopulations found that Alaskan wood frogs had a larger liver glycogen reserve and greater urea production compared to those in more temperate zones of its range. These conspecifics also showed higher glycogen phosphorylase enzymatic activity, which facilitates their adaptation to freezing.

The phenomenon of cold resistance is observed in other anuran species. The Japanese tree frog shows even greater cold tolerance than the wood frog, surviving in temperatures as low as -35 C for up to 120 days.

Reproduction
L. sylvaticus primarily breeds in ephemeral pools rather than permanent water bodies such as ponds or lakes. This is believed to provide some protection for the adult frogs and their offspring (eggs and tadpoles) from predation by fish and other predators of permanent water bodies. Adult wood frogs typically hibernate within 65 meters of breeding pools. They emerge from hibernation in early spring and migrate to the nearby pools. There, males chorus, emitting duck-like quacking sounds.

Wood frogs are considered explosive breeders; many populations will conduct all mating in the span of a week. Males actively search for mates by swimming around the pool and calling. Females, on the other hand, will stay under the water and rarely surface, most likely to avoid sexual harassment. A male approaches a female and clasps her from behind her forearms before hooking his thumbs together in a hold called "amplexus", which is continued until the female deposits the eggs. Females deposit eggs attached to submerged substrate, typically vegetation or downed branches. Most commonly, females deposit eggs adjacent to other egg masses, creating large aggregations of masses.

Some advantage is conferred to pairs first to breed, as clutches closer to the center of the raft absorb heat and develop faster than those on the periphery, and have more protection from predators. If pools dry before tadpoles metamorphose into froglets, they die. This constitutes the risk counterbalancing the antipredator protection of ephemeral pools. By breeding in early spring, however, wood frogs increase their offspring's chances of metamorphosing before pools dry.

The larvae undergo two stages of development: fertilization to free-living tadpoles, and free-living tadpoles to juvenile frogs. During the first stage, the larvae are adapted for rapid development, and their growth depends on the temperature of the water. Variable larval survival is a major contributor to fluctuations in wood frog population size from year to year. The second stage of development features rapid development and growth, and depends on environmental factors including food availability, temperature, and population density.

Some studies suggest that road-salts, as used in road de-icing, may have toxic effects on wood frog larvae. A study exposed wood frog tadpoles to NaCl and found that tadpoles experienced reduced activity and weight, and even displayed physical abnormalities. There was also significantly lower survivorship and decreased time to metamorphosis with increasing salt concentration. De-icing agents may pose a serious conservation concern to wood frog larvae. Another study has found increased tolerance to salt with higher concentrations, though the authors caution against over-extrapolating from  short-term, high concentration studies to longer-term, lower concentration conditions, as contradictory outcomes occur.

Following metamorphosis, a small percentage (less than 20%) of juveniles will disperse, permanently leaving the vicinity of their natal pools. The majority of offspring are philopatric, returning to their natal pool to breed. Most frogs breed only once in their lives, although some will breed two or three times, generally with differences according to age. The success of the larvae and tadpoles is important in populations of wood frogs because they affect the gene flow and genetic variation of the following generations.

Conservation status
Although the wood frog is not endangered or threatened, in many parts of its range, urbanization is fragmenting populations. Several studies have shown, under certain thresholds of forest cover loss or over certain thresholds of road density, wood frogs and other common amphibians begin to "drop out" of formerly occupied habitats. Another conservation concern is that wood frogs are primarily dependent on smaller, "geographically isolated" wetlands for breeding. At least in the United States, these wetlands are largely unprotected by federal law, leaving it up to states to tackle the problem of conserving pool-breeding amphibians.

The wood frog has a complex lifecycle that depends on multiple habitats, damp lowlands, and adjacent woodlands. Their habitat conservation is, therefore, complex, requiring integrated, landscape-scale preservation.

Wood frog development in the tadpole stage is known to be negatively affected by road salt contaminating freshwater ecosystems. Tadpoles have also been shown to develop abnormalities due to a combination of warmer conditions and toxic metals from pesticides near their habitats. These conditions allow them to be predated upon by dragonfly larvae more easily often causing missing limbs.

title: Wood frog


text:
The Land

The Land may refer to:

Film

 * The Land (1969 film), 1969 Egyptian film
 * The Land (1974 film), 1974 South Korean film
 * The Land (2015 film), 2015 short documentary directed by Erin Davis about an adventure playground of the same name
 * The Land (2016 film), coming-of-age film directed by Steven Caple Jr.

Literature

 * The Land (Torres novel), a novel by Brazilian writer Antonio Torres published by Readers International.
 * The Land (Taylor novel), a novel by Mildred D. Taylor
 * Haaretz, Israeli newspaper whose name means "The Land" (as in the Land of Israel)
 * The Land (newspaper), a rural newspaper in Australia owned by Australian Community Media
 * The Land (magazine), a Minnesota farm and rural life newspaper owned by CNHI
 * The Land, setting of Stephen R. Donaldson novels in The Chronicles of Thomas Covenant, the Unbeliever
 * The Land, setting for Robert J. Sawyer novels in Quintaglio Ascension Trilogy
 * The Land (poem), narrative poem by English poet Vita Sackville-West

Music

 * The Land (song), British protest song

Place

 * The Land (Epcot), pavilion at Walt Disney World's Epcot theme park
 * The Land (adventure playground), junk playground located near Wrexham in north Wales, UK
 * The Land, American venue of the Michigan Women's Music Festival
 * The Land, a nickname of the City of Cleveland, Ohio

title: The Land


text:
List of drugs: Eu–Ez

eu

 * eucatropine (INN)
 * eufauserase (INN)
 * Eulexin
 * Eumovate
 * eupatilin (INN)
 * euprocin (INN)
 * Eurax
 * Eurneffy
 * Euthroid
 * Eutonyl
 * Eutron

ev

 * evacetrapib (INN)
 * Evalose

 * evatanepag (USAN, INN)
 * Evenity
 * everolimus (USAN)
 * Evex
 * Evista
 * Evolocumab (INN)
 * Evoxac

ex

 * exagamglogene autotemcel (INN)
 * exalamide (INN)
 * exametazime (INN)
 * examorelin (INN)
 * exaprolol (INN)
 * exbivirumab (INN)
 * Exblifep
 * Excede
 * Excedrin
 * Excenel
 * Excenel RTU EZ
 * Exelderm
 * Exelon
 * exemestane (INN)
 * exenatide (USAN)
 * exepanol (INN)
 * Exidine
 * exifone (INN)
 * exiproben (INN)
 * Exna
 * Exosurf Neonatal
 * Exsel
 * Extra-Strength Aim
 * Extraneal
 * Exxua
 * Exzolt

ey

 * Eylea HD

ez

 * ezatiostat (USAN, INN)
 * ezogabine (USAN)

title: List of drugs: Eu–Ez


text:
Talk:Beaconsfield

Redirecting Davenies
I don't disagree at all with redirecting Davenies, but am curious as to why? SqueakBox 19:15, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

Distance from London
I think there is some confusion about the town's exact distance from London. Recently the article was edited by user:SYCS Alliance from about 30 miles to about 25 miles, then another user, user:Skanking removed the 'about' as if it was an exact number, as the road signs say so. I have now edited it to now read around 25 miles, as the figure is hardly exact. For example:

Charing Cross - Beaconsfield Old Town Roundabout (straight line) is 22.95 miles or 36.93 KM Charing Cross - Beaconsfield Railway Station (straight line) is 23.43 miles or 37.71 KM Charing Cross - Beaconsfield Old Town Roundabout (by road) is 24.86 miles or 40.00 KM - Feebtlas 13:32, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

I meant miles by road which isnt necessarily the same thing at all. Shouldnt it say almost? Ras Billy I 23:14, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Almost sounds good, go for it. - Feebtlas 15:52, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Dick Turpin
Can I have a strong reference please that suggests Turpin actually lived in Beaconsfield? As the old saying goes, if Dick Turpin stayed in all the places he was renowned to have stayed in, he would lived to 150 and only slept in hotels... -- Roleplayer (talk) 21:00, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Richard Hammond
While there are hundreds of references that state that Richard Hammond moved into Beaconsfield, here's one stating that he moved out again after only three days:. --  role player 22:46, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

 * The ref also says he moved into and out of Tylers Green which is not remotely Beaconsfield, I suggets removing any ref to him from the Beaconsfiled page. Thanks, SqueakBox 22:51, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I believe it was Hammersley Lane (Tylers Green/Wycombe) so definitely not Beaconsfield. Proteus4 (talk) 11:34, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Well it's one to keep an eye out for then, because Ozzy Osbourne also used to make a regular appearance on this page. --  role player 14:37, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Ozzy lives in Welders Lane, I believe at the Chalfont St Peter end. So no, he's not in Becks either. (I seem to have inadvertantly turned into a local correspondent for Hello magazine!) Proteus4 (talk) 19:14, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Becks? I sure hope you're not suggesting some kind of love affair between Ozzy Osbourne and David Beckham?  Now that really would make Hello magazine. --  role player 12:19, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

Notable residents
Until I can get all the entries in the notable residents list referenced I have added some notes asking users to stop adding people to the list who do not and never have lived in Beaconsfield. Most notably: --  role player 20:49, 26 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Vernon Kay and Tess Daly live in Fulmer, and have never lived in Beaconsfield
 * Phil Vickery and Fern Britton live in Holmer Green, and have never lived in Beaconsfield
 * The Osbornes used to live in Jordans, and have never lived in Beaconsfield
 * Re my most recent edits, here's a reference that shows Dirk Bogarde lived at Beel Park in Little Chalfont: . Also this reference from The Sun is full of inaccuracies and probably should not be trusted as a source. --  role player 03:36, 27 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I have been through and referenced everyone in the list, and removed all those that I have either found to be incorrect, or where there is no supporting evidence one way or the other. Please help me keep this list clean and tidy in the future. --  role player 02:32, 28 December 2010 (UTC)

Pronunciation guide and POV description
I see no reason to remove the pronunciation guide.

The description of the town as "affluent" is unsourced puffery, and POV. Meters (talk) 16:44, 10 July 2017 (UTC)
 * I agree. Nor should we claim the town is wealth in the 1st sentence, POV pushing is what it smack of. We dont say it about Britain so why would we say it about Beaconsfield. A measure of the actual wealth without opinionating is all that is required. ♫ RichardWeiss talk contribs 13:56, 11 July 2017 (UTC)

Burnham beeches
In the section about the name of the town, there's a partial sentence. "Although there's an incorrect assertion that it's named after a beacon. Local men did help..." Either remove "Although" or join the two sentences. Monado (talk) 12:35, 14 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Beaconsfield


text:
Portal:Ukraine/Categories

Select [►] to view subcategories

title: Portal:Ukraine/Categories


text:
Talk:Robin Klein

Untitled
Reverted from vandalised page JiMternet 19:15, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It would seem that you beat me to the reversion ^_^ Shastrix 19:19, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Robin Klein


text:
User:Ilanpi

Hello, I am Ilan Vardi. You can find out about me at my websites: and. I am mostly contributing things here in subjects I have thought a lot about and also written about elsewhere (see my websites), in particular, mathematics and its history. If I make a contribution, then it is very likely that I have already written about it in one of my books or papers (all of which were refereed). So please don't delete what I wrote without checking first.

ilan 01:29, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Ilanpi


text:
User talk:Sho19132

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 19:16, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sho19132


text:
Dark Circle Comics

Dark Circle Comics is an imprint of Archie Comic Publications, Inc. Under its previous name, Red Circle Comics, it published non-humor characters, particularly superheroes in the 1970s and 1980s.

It was a digital imprint from 2012 to 2014, and in 2015, it was converted back to a print imprint and was completely revamped as Dark Circle Comics, featuring darker and more mature content than previous incarnations of Archie's superhero line.

The term "Red Circle characters" is also used to refer to Archie Comics' superheroes, including such characters as the Black Hood, The Shield, the Wizard, the Hangman, The Fly, Flygirl, The Comet, The Web, Jaguar, and the Fox.

These characters were previously published when Archie Comics was MLJ Magazines, then published under various Archie imprints: Archie Adventure Series, Radio Comics/Mighty Comics Group, Red Circle Comics and the Red Circle Comics digital imprint (2012).

Archie licensed their Red Circle characters to DC Comics in the early 1990s under the DC imprint Impact Comics, and then again from 2007 to 2011, when DC attempted to integrate them into the DC Universe. When this failed, the characters reverted to Archie Comics, which launched the imprint digitally. The company retired this in late 2014; the line was relaunched as the Dark Circle Comics imprint in 2015.

MLJ Magazines
MLJ's first comic book published in November 1939 was Blue Ribbon Comics, with the first half of the magazine in full color and the second half in red and white tints.

In January 1940, Pep Comics debuted with the Shield, created by writer and managing editor Harry Shorten and artist Irv Novick. The Shield was one of the first superheroes with a costume based upon United States patriotic iconography, first appearing 14 months earlier than Joe Simon and Jack Kirby's Captain America.

MLJ's Golden Age heroes also included the Black Hood, who also appeared in pulp magazines and a radio show; and The Wizard, who shared a title with the Shield. Top-Notch Comics (featuring, among others, The Wizard, Black Hood, and The Firefly) was launched in December 1941.

The Archie character soon dominated MLJ publications, pushing out the superheroes. For instance, at first, the cover feature of Pep Comics  was The Shield; he and The Hangman shared the cover with Archie in Pep Comics #36 (February, 1943). Archie increasingly was given the cover until issue #51 (August, 1944), when he took over the cover permanently. The company was later (in 1946) renamed after the character.

MLJ superhero titles

 * Blue Ribbon Comics (November 1939 – March 1942) – 22 issues; also known as Blue Ribbon Mystery Comics
 * Hangman (Spring 1942 – Fall 1943) – 7 issues
 * Pep Comics (Jan. 1940 – Oct. 1947) – 64 issues; becomes all-humor after issue #65
 * Shield-Wizard Comics (Summer 1940 – Spring 1944) – 13 issues
 * Top Notch Comics (December 1939 – May 1942) – 27 issues
 * Zip Comics (February 1940 – Summer 1944) – 47 issues; became mostly humor after issue #35

Archie Adventure Series
Archie's Silver Age relaunch of its superheroes under the Archie Adventure Series line featured two new characters, The Jaguar and The Fly, as well as a new version of the Shield, inspired by DC's revivals of their 1940s characters. The Archie Adventure Series line debuted with the June 1959 release of The Double Life of Private Strong #1, by creators Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, which also introduced The Fly, also by Simon and Kirby. DC Comics' lawyers, citing similarity to Superman, forced Archie Comics to stop publishing Private Strong after two issues. Adventures of The Fly appeared two months after Private Strong #1 and ran for 30 issues under that title, until October, 1964. The Adventures of the Jaguar began in September 1961 and ran for 15 issues until November 1963. During this time, Archie Comics licensed the 1930s pulp character The Shadow, whom they portrayed first as a spy in a James Bond mode, before turning him into a costumed superhero. Archie's version of The Shadow ran for eight issues (Aug. 1964 – Sept. 1965). In addition, the Jaguar, The Fly, and his partner Flygirl appeared in issues of Pep Comics and Laugh Comics between 1961 and 1963. Much of the output during the Adventure Series period after the departure of Simon and Kirby was by writer Robert Bernstein and artists John Rosenberger and John Giunta.

Mighty Comics / Radio Comics
The Mighty Comics Group imprint (alternately known as Radio Comics) took over the Adventure titles in the mid-1960s as general imitation of Marvel Comics and the Batman TV show camp; Superman creator Jerry Siegel was brought in to be the imprint's main writer, along with Marvel Comics artist Paul Reinman. The shift to the Mighty imprint (which first appeared on covers dated January 1966) included changing the title Adventures of The Fly into Fly Man.

The first issue of Fly Man, #31, brought the company its first super hero team (similar to Marvel's Avengers), The Mighty Crusaders, made up of Fly Man, a newly revived version of The Shield, The Black Hood (who had appeared occasionally in Adventures of The Fly), and a newly revived version of The Comet (who had appeared a few months before in the final issue of Adventures of The Fly). The Mighty Crusaders spun off into their own title after three Fly Man appearances. The Wizard and the Hangman, who had been heroes during their MLJ publication, became recurring villains. In The Mighty Crusaders #4, many of the old MLJ heroes made cameo appearances. In November 1966, with issue 40, Fly Man changed its name again to Mighty Comics, which featured various Mighty super-heroes (The Shield, The Web, The Hangman, Steel Sterling, Mister Justice) in rotating solo adventures until its cancellation ten issues later. Similarly, the final issue of Mighty Crusaders was taken over by a solo adventure of Steel Sterling. The Mighty Comics Group line was cancelled in late 1967. Several stories from this period were published in the mass-market paperback High Camp Super-Heroes by Belmont Books in 1966 (Belmont was owned by the same company that owned Archie), which featured an introduction by Siegel, as well as in a 1966 deluxe special, Super Heroes Versus Super Villains.

Red Circle Comics
Red Circle Comics was launched in the early 1970s as a fantasy/horror imprint, but switched over to superheroes in the 1980s.

The line was first used to publish Chilling Adventures in Sorcery in October 1973, which for its first two issues was called Chilling Adventures in Sorcery as Told by Sabrina. With the third issue, the title was renamed and published under Red Circle Comics. The name "Red Circle" was based on the previous business that Michael Silberkleit's father had with Martin Goodman, with Gray Morrow as editor. With issue number 6 Chilling Adventures was renamed Red Circle Sorcery and lasted until issue number 11 (Feb. 1975).

Red Circle published one issue of The Super Cops (based on the movie of the same name) in July 1974. Shortly thereafter, Mad House (a re-title of Mad House Glads) was published under the Red Circle Comics line starting with issue number 95 (Sept. 1974). This ended after number 97 (January 1975), when the title reverted to being a standard Archie humor title.

In 1978 and 1979, Archie published two digests collecting their superhero materials from the 1960s. The first was titled Archie's Super Hero Special. The second issue was titled Archie's Super Hero Comic Digest Magazine, and is notable for publishing the previously unpublished revamp of the Black Hood done by Gray Morrow and Neal Adams. There was nothing on their covers to indicate they were Red Circle titles; only the interior indicia indicated the publisher.

In the 1980s, Archie made a concerted effort to reuse its superheroes. The first appearance was in JC Comics's JCP Features #1 (Dec. 1981), which reprinted the new Black Hood materials that appeared in Archie Super Hero Comic Digest Magazine #2. In March 1983, the Red Circle brand was resurrected with first issue of a new volume of Mighty Crusaders. That title lasted 13 issues and led to many new titles under the Red Circle Comics banner, including The Fly (nine issues, May 1983-October, 1984), Black Hood (three issues, June–October, 1983), Lancelot Strong, The Shield (two issues, June–August, 1983, before becoming Shield – Steel Sterling for issue #3 [Dec. 1983] and finally Steel Sterling for issues #4–7 [Jan.-July, 1984]), The Original Shield (four issues, April–Oct., 1984), Blue Ribbon (14 issues, including new material and reprints of older material; Nov. 1983-Dec. 1984) and The Comet (two issues of a three-issue miniseries, October–December, 1983). Though this 1980s incarnation featured Rich Buckler's work prominently, it also featured contributions from others, including artists Jim Steranko, Alex Toth, Steve Ditko, Rudy Nebres, Alan Weiss, Carmine Infantino, Dick Ayers, John Severin and Pat Boyette.

Archie Adventure Series revival
With the February 1984 issues, the Red Circle line was renamed the Archie Adventure Series, reviving the name from the company's superhero line of the early 1960s. During this period, the company published, as either Red Circle or Archie Adventure, a comic-book tie-in to Remco's ManTech Robot Warriors toy line (two issues, Sept.-Dec. 1984), a Katy Keene Special (Sept. 1983), and an issue of Thunder Bunny (Jan. 1984). By September 1985, the entire line that originated with Red Circle had been cancelled.

In 1988, however, with Archie's acquisition of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles license, the Archie Adventure Series returned as the imprint behind Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures, which ran 72 issues until October 1995. In the late 1980s, Archie Adventure Series published The Adventures of Bayou Billy, based on a popular video game, and in the early 1990s the imprint published Mighty Mutanimals, a superhero team comic spun off from the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.

Spectrum Comics
Archie planned to begin publishing superheroes again in the late 1980s with an imprint called Spectrum Comics, featuring a number of high-profile talents, including Steve Englehart, Jim Valentino, Marv Wolfman, Michael Bair, Kelley Jones, and Rob Liefeld. Planned Spectrum titles included The Fly, The Fox, Hangman, Jaguar, Mister Justice, and The Shield. Ultimately, Archie cancelled Spectrum Comics before publishing a single issue.

Impact Comics
DC Comics licensed the Red Circle characters and revamped them for publishing under the Impact Comics imprint from 1991 to 1992. This attempt also included a super team, called simply "The Crusaders". The stories in the line were set their own shared universe, unrelated to previous incarnations of the characters or to DC's own fictional universe.

Red Circle line

DC was granted the license to the Red Circle characters in 2008. DC planned to inject the characters into the DC Universe and tapped writer J. Michael Straczynski. The line folded in late 2010. In July 2011, it was revealed that DC no longer had the rights to them.

Red Circle digital imprint
Archie Comics announced at the New York Comic Con in October 2011 that its superhero line will return as an all-digital line under a subscription model with back issues archive access. This was announced as the Red Circle line starting with the New Crusader comic in 2012. The Red Circle Comics app provides readers access to a new chapter of the New Crusaders comic, as well as the Red Circle library of comics from the previous 70 years for a 99 cent weekly subscription price.

In 2012, New Crusaders was followed up with Lost Crusade: Prelude, a free one-shot focusing on the lives of the original Mighty Crusaders which debuted on August 29 through the Red Circle Comics app at RedCircleComics.com. Ian Flynn had pitched the idea as "I was really excited by all the prospective stories to be told between the end of the '80s series and our relaunch... There were so many open endings when the '80s era series wrapped up that it's hard to choose. What happened to Darkling? Who was the traitor? Did Black Hood figure it out or just make things worse? Did anyone mourn Doc Reeves?" The first arc of New Crusaders was also printed.

Chuck Dixon was announced as writing the second story arc of Lost Crusade and New Crusaders: Dark Tomorrow was announced for May 2013, but neither was released.

A five-issue The Fox miniseries by Mark Waid and Dean Haspiel began in October 2013, with The Shield back-up strips by J.M. DeMatteis (who co-wrote Fox #5 instead of Waid).

Dark Circle Comics
In July 2014, Archie Comics announced that the Red Circle Comics imprint would be relaunched as Dark Circle Comics in early 2015 with the past continuity removed. Tales will be self-contained, five-issue story arcs in ongoing series. Black Hood debuted in February 2015, followed by The Fox, continuing from the digital Red Circle line in April 2015, with The Shield debuting in September 2015 after being delayed. A digital exclusive, Sam Hill: In The Crosshairs, was released in October 2015 featuring former NYPD detective Sam Hill. A fourth series, The Hangman, debuted in November 2015. In July 2015, the publisher announced a revamped version of its 1940s character the Web would debut the following year. The announced series never materialised.

Dark Circle Comics titles

 * The Black Hood #1–11 (February 2015 — June 2016)
 * The Black Hood: Season 2 #1–5 (October 2016 – June 2017), a continuation of The Black Hood.
 * The Fox #1–5 (April 2015 — August 2015)
 * The Hangman #1–4 (November 2015 – October 2016)
 * New Crusaders: Dark Tomorrow Special #1 (March 2015), one-shot featuring the Red Circle Comics versions of the characters.
 * Sam Hill: In The Crosshairs (October 2015), a graphic novel released digitally featuring former NYPD detective Sam Hill.
 * The Shield #1–4 (October 2015 – November 2016)

Archie Comics one-shots
In March 2021, four years after the conclusion of the Dark Circle Universe, Archie Comics announced that Rob Liefeld would re-image the Mighty Crusaders with a four-issue series of one-shots, beginning with The Mighty Crusaders: The Shield #1. However, that May, Liefeld announced his departure from the project, after objecting to a variant cover being publicized by its artist that allegedly spoiled the end of The Shield one-shot. David Gallaher was then brought in to script a new story for the one-shot based on Liefeld's completed artwork. Despite the creative change, The Mighty Crusaders: The Shield #1 officially sold out at Diamond Comic Distributors.

After revamping The Fox for Red Circle Comics, and later Dark Circle Comics, Dean Haspiel returned to script a new one-shot titled The Fox: Family Values, published in May 2022. That November, Archie Comics released the one-shot Bob Phantom, which re-imagined the superhero's alter ego, Walt Whitney, as a struggling journalist who daydreams of a secret adventurous life.

In November 2023, Archie Comics rebooted the Red Circle superhero, Darkling (Darla Lang), with a one-shot by Sarah Kuhn and Carola Borelli. In February 2024, writer Keryl Brown Ahmed and artist Tango re-introduced readers to The Jaguar (Ivette Velez), who previously appeared in the 2012 mini-series, New Crusaders, in the one-shot The Jaguar. The first Jaguar, Ralph Hardy, also made a special appearance in the one-shot comic.

Characters

 * Black Hood (Matthew Burland)
 * Black Hood (Greg Hettinger)
 * Black Jack
 * Bob Phantom (Walt Whitney)
 * Captain Commando
 * The Comet
 * Darkling (Darla Lang)
 * Fireball
 * Firefly
 * The Fly/Fly-Man
 * Flygirl
 * The Fox
 * The Fox (Paul Patton Jr.)
 * The Hangman
 * The Jaguar (Ralph Hardy)
 * The Jaguar (Ivette Velez)
 * Mighty Crusaders
 * Mister Justice
 * Sam Hill
 * Shield (Joe Higgins)
 * Shield (Lancelot Strong)
 * Shield (Victoria Adams)
 * Steel Sterling
 * The Web (John Raymond)
 * The Web (Jane Raymond)
 * Wizard
 * Doc Reeves

title: Dark Circle Comics


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Internodeuser

__NOINDEX__


text:
Konstanty Gebert

Konstanty Julian Gebert (pseudonym Dawid Warszawski; born 22 August 1953) is a Polish journalist and a Jewish activist, as well as one of the most notable war correspondents of various Polish daily newspapers.

Background
Kostanty Gebert was born on 22 August 1953 in Warsaw, son of top Polish United Workers' Party official and former Polish Ambassador to Turkey Bolesław Gebert. He studied at the University of Warsaw. During the 1968 Polish political crisis he participated in students' demonstrations at age 15 with the expectation that his father, a former Communist Party of America organizer, would be proud of him. He commented "I was expecting he'd crack open a bottle of vodka and we'd have a great time. They locked me up at home for three days. Exactly what I would do if it happened to my kid. Fifteen years is not the right age for fighting on the streets. But what heartbreak. I thought I'd become one of the boys. Just like Dad."

Anti-Communism
In 1978, Gebert was one of the main organizers of the so-called Flying University, a secret institution of higher education educating people on various topics forbidden by the Eastern Bloc government of Poland. In 1980, he joined the Solidarity movement and became one of the members of the "Solidarity of Education and Technics Workers" union.

In 1989, Gebert was one of the accredited journalists present at the Polish Round Table talks. Since 1990, he has worked as a member of the Polish Council of Christians and Jews.

Post Communism
Since 1992, Gerbert has worked at the Polish daily newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza. He served as a war correspondent during the war in Yugoslavia.

In 1992 and 1993, he served as an advisor to Tadeusz Mazowiecki, then Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Commission of the United Nations and its representative in former Yugoslavia.

In 1995, he co-founded the Media Development Investment Fund and acted as its vice-chair until 2000.

Since 1997, he has served as head of the Midrasz Polish-Jewish monthly.

Since 2011, he has been an Associate Fellow of the European Council on Foreign Relations since 2011. He serves as "special advisor on international affairs" with nonprofit organisation Humanity in Action.

In a lecture on 9 January 2014 before the Israel Council on Foreign Relations, Gebert said: "People often ask about the importance of democratic traditions in Central Europe in ensuring the ultimate success of the revolution that swept away Communism. I do not think it is all that important, and for a straightforward reason. In Central Europe, with the one exception of Czechoslovakia, democratic traditions, such as they were, never played a significant role…I don’t think democratic traditions are like fruit preserves that you can take out of the larder and eat sixty-five years later.”"   He is a member of the European Press Prize preparatory committee.

Since November 2021 Gebert is part of the international advisory board of the Austrian Service Abroad.

Works
Books catalogued in the Library of Congress are:
 * Mebel (1990)
 * Magia słów: polityka francuska wobec Polski po 13 grudnia 1981 roku (1991)
 * 54 komentarze do Tory (2003)
 * Dziesięć dni Europy : archeologia pamięci (2004)
 * Wojna czterdziestoletnia (2004)
 * Nesim all around me : the life of David Mitzner as told to Konstanty Gebert (2004)
 * Living in the land of ashes (2008)
 * Miejsce pod słońcem: wojny Izraela (2008)
 * Polski alef-bet: Żydzi w Polsce i ich odrodzony świat with Anna Olej-Kobus, Krzysztof Kobus (2009)
 * Juifs en Pologne: quand la Pologne a cessé d'être une terre d'accueil by Alexandra Subrémon, afterword by Konstanty Gebert (2020)

title: Konstanty Gebert


text:
List of drugs: Fe

feb-fel

 * febantel (INN)
 * febarbamate (INN)
 * febuprol (INN)
 * febuverine (INN)
 * febuxostat (INN)
 * feclemine (INN)
 * feclobuzone (INN)
 * fedotozine (INN)
 * fedrilate (INN)
 * felbamate (INN)
 * felbatol
 * felbinac (INN)
 * feldene
 * felipyrine (INN)
 * felodipine (INN)
 * felvizumab (INN)
 * felypressin (INN)

fem

 * femara
 * femara (Novartis)
 * femcet
 * femhrt
 * feminone
 * femogen
 * femoxetine (INN)
 * fempatch
 * femring
 * femstat

fena-fenb

 * fenabutene (INN)
 * fenacetinol (INN)
 * fenaclon (INN)
 * fenadiazole (INN)
 * fenaftic acid (INN)
 * fenalamide (INN)
 * fenalcomine (INN)
 * fenamifuril (INN)
 * fenamisal (INN)
 * fenamole (INN)
 * fenaperone (INN)
 * fenbendazole (INN)
 * fenbenicillin (INN)
 * fenbufen (INN)
 * fenbutrazate (INN)

fenc-fenh

 * fencamfamin (INN)
 * fencarbamide (INN)
 * fencibutirol (INN)
 * fenclexonium metilsulfate (INN)
 * fenclofenac (INN)
 * fenclofos (INN)
 * fenclonine (INN)
 * fenclorac (INN)
 * fenclozic acid (INN)
 * fendiline (INN)
 * fendosal (INN)
 * feneritrol (INN)
 * fenestrel (INN)
 * fenethazine (INN)
 * fenetradil (INN)
 * fenetylline (INN)
 * fenflumizol (INN)
 * fenfluramine (INN)
 * fenfluthrin (INN)
 * fengabine (INN)
 * fenharmane (INN)

feni-feno

 * fenimide (INN)
 * feniodium chloride (INN)
 * fenipentol (INN)
 * fenirofibrate (INN)
 * fenisorex (INN)
 * fenleuton (INN)
 * fenmetozole (INN)
 * fenmetramide (INN)
 * fenobam (INN)
 * fenocinol (INN)
 * fenoctimine (INN)
 * fenofibrate (INN)
 * fenoldopam (INN)
 * fenoprofen (INN)
 * fenoterol (INN)
 * fenoverine (INN)
 * fenoxazoline (INN)
 * fenoxedil (INN)
 * fenoxypropazine (INN)
 * fenozolone (INN)

fenp-feny

 * fenpentadiol (INN)
 * fenperate (INN)
 * fenpipalone (INN)
 * fenpipramide (INN)
 * fenpiprane (INN)
 * fenpiverinium bromide (INN)
 * fenprinast (INN)
 * fenproporex (INN)
 * fenprostalene (INN)
 * fenquizone (INN)
 * fenretinide (INN)
 * fenspiride (INN)
 * fentanyl (INN)
 * fentiazac (INN)
 * fenticlor (INN)
 * fenticonazole (INN)
 * fentonium bromide (INN)
 * fenyramidol (INN)
 * fenyripol (INN)

fep-fet

 * fepentolic acid (INN)
 * fepitrizol (INN)
 * fepradinol (INN)
 * feprazone (INN)
 * fepromide (INN)
 * feprosidnine (INN)
 * feridex I.V.® (also known as Endorem® and ferumoxides), discontinued by AMAG Pharma in November 2008
 * fermagate (INN)
 * ferndex
 * fernisolone-P
 * fernisone
 * ferpifosate sodium (INN)
 * ferric (59 Fe) citrate injection (INN)
 * ferric carboxymaltose (USAN, INN)
 * ferric fructose (INN)
 * ferriseltz
 * ferrlecit
 * ferrocholinate (INN)
 * ferropolimaler (INN)
 * ferroquine (INN)
 * ferrotrenine (INN)
 * fertinex
 * fertinorm HP
 * fertirelin (INN)
 * ferumoxytol (INN)
 * fesoterodine fumarate (USAN)
 * fetoxilate (INN)

fex-fez

 * fexicaine (INN)
 * fexinidazole (INN)
 * fexofenadine (INN)
 * fezakinumab (USAN, INN)
 * fezatione (INN)
 * fezolamine (INN)
 * fezolinetant (INN)

title: List of drugs: Fe


text:
Ilya Kaler

Ilya Kaler (born June 2, 1963) is a Russian-born violinist. Born and educated in Moscow, Kaler is the only person to have won Gold Medals at all three of the International Tchaikovsky Competition (Moscow, 1986); the Sibelius (Helsinki, 1985); and the Paganini (Genoa, 1981).

Education
Born into a family of an orchestral musician, Ilya Kaler showed musical talent from an early age. At the Central Music School for Especially Gifted Children of the Moscow Conservatory he studied under Zinaida Gilels. He continued his studies with Leonid Kogan and Viktor Tretiakov at the Conservatory, where he earned both master's and doctorate degrees, and graduated with the Gold Medal Award. He also studied privately with Abram Shtern in Kyiv and Los Angeles.

Career
From 1996 to 2001 he was concertmaster of the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra. He has performed as soloist with the Leningrad, Moscow, and Dresden Philharmonic Orchestras, the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, the Danish and Berlin Radio Orchestras, and the Moscow and Zurich Chamber Orchestras, the Boston Philharmonic Orchestra, Detroit, Baltimore, Lansing and Seattle Symphony Orchestras, and at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., in the United States, and has toured Germany, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Singapore, Korea, Taiwan, England, Venezuela and Japan. In Japan, he played with the New Japan Philharmonic, the Japan Century Symphony Orchestra and the Hiroshima Symphony. Also an active chamber musician, Kaler has performed for several summers at the Newport Music Festival in Newport, Rhode Island. His solo recitals have taken him throughout Europe, Scandinavia, East Asia, and the former Soviet Union.

Kaler was formerly Professor of Violin at the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York, Indiana University School of Music in Bloomington, Indiana, DePaul University School of Music in Chicago, Illinois. As of 2018 he currently Professor of Violin at the Cleveland Institute of Music. He has adjudicated several violin competitions around the world including the International Tchaikovsky Competition.

Since 2007, Kaler has performed with cellist Amit Peled and pianist Alon Goldstein as the Tempest Trio both in the concert hall and in the recording studio.

Recordings
Kaler has made many recordings (see Discography). The recordings released in the last ten years include works by Eugène Ysaÿe, Bach, Brahms, Schumann, Shostakovich, Glazunov, Szymanowski, Dvorak, Paganini, Tchaikovsky and Messiaen. His solo CD Ilya Kaler, violin was nominated for the NAIRD Indie Award in 1995 in the solo classical category.

Discography

 * 1987 Ilya Kaler: Prokofiev Sonata No. 2, Tchaikovsky Meditation, Shostakovich Five Preludes, Paganini I Palpiti (LP), Melodiya
 * 1990 Ilya Kaler: Vitali, Brahms, Paganini, Marcello, Wieniawski (LP), Melodiya
 * 1991 Ilya Kaler: Brahms Sonata No. 3, Prokofiev Five Melodies, Ysaÿe Sonata No. 6 (LP), Melodiya
 * 1993 Paganini Violin Concertos No. 1, Op. 6 & No. 2, Op. 7, Naxos
 * 1993 Paganini 24 Caprices, Op. 1, Naxos
 * 1994 Schumann Violin Sonatas Nos. 1 & 2; Intermezzo from FAE Sonata, Naxos
 * 1994 Glazunov Violin Concerto; Dvorak Violin Concerto, Romance Op. 11, Naxos
 * 1995 Ilya Kaler, violin, recital of works by Barkauskas, Hindemith, Martinon, Prokofiev, and Ysaÿe, Ongaku
 * 1995 Brahms Double Concerto, Op. 102; Schumann Cello Concerto, Op. 129, Naxos
 * 1997 Shostakovich Violin Concertos Nos. 1 & 2, Naxos
 * 1997 Glazunov The Seasons, Violin Concerto, Naxos
 * 2002 Brahms Violin Sonatas, Naxos
 * 2004 Ysaÿe Solo Violin Sonatas, Naxos
 * 2004 Olivier Messiaen: Quartet for the End of Time, Theme and Variations, Ongaku
 * 2007 Szymanowski Violin Concertos Nos. 1 & 2, Naxos
 * 2007 Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto, Serenade melancolique, Souvenir d'un lieu cher, Valse-Scherzo, Naxos
 * 2008 Bach Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin, BWV 1001-1006, Naxos
 * 2008 Brahms, Schumann Violin Concertos, Naxos
 * 2011 Karlowicz Violin Concerto, Serenade, Op. 2, Naxos
 * 2012 Sibelius Violin Concerto; Dvorak Violin Concerto, Naxos

title: Ilya Kaler


text: Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Internodeuser/Evidence


text:
1953 Manitoba general election

The 1953 Manitoba general election was held on June 8, 1953 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. The election produced a majority government for the Liberal-Progressive party led by Douglas Campbell. His party won thirty-two of fifty-seven seats although with but 39 percent of the vote overall. To date this is the last election in which the Liberal Party won a majority of seats in Manitoba.

This was the first election held in Manitoba after the breakup of a ten-year coalition government led by the Liberal-Progressives and Progressive Conservatives. The coalition, which began in 1940, was ended in 1950 when the Progressive Conservatives crossed to the opposition side.

Prior to the 1949 election, Winnipeg's single at-large 10-member district was broken up into three four-member districts. The new districts, named Winnipeg Centre, Winnipeg North and Winnipeg South, elected four members each, through STV.

St. Boniface elected two members through STV.

(The 1953 election was to be the last provincial election in Manitoba to have multi-member districts and election by STV. After that election all Manitoba MLAs were elected through First-past-the-post voting in single-member districts.)

Each of the other districts elected one MLA using Instant-Runoff Voting. This was to be the last provincial election in Manitoba to use Instant-Runoff Voting in these districts.

The result of the election was a convincing victory for the Liberal-Progressive government of Premier Douglas Campbell, which won thirty-two of fifty-seven seats although with but 39 percent of the vote overall.

Three Independent Liberal-Progressives were also elected.

The Progressive Conservatives, led by Errick Willis, saw their representation in the legislature increase from nine to twelve members. This was a disappointing result for many in the party. Willis had been a prominent cabinet minister in the coalition government, and many questioned the sincerity of his new-found opposition to Campbell's ministry. The following year, he lost the leadership of the party to Dufferin Roblin.

The social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) suffered a disappointment under new leader Lloyd Stinson, falling from seven seats to five. Its 17 percent of the vote made it due about eight seats proportionally.

During the campaign, the Winnipeg Free Press newspaper devoted considerable attention to the return of the Social Credit Party in Manitoba. The party had not contested the previous provincial election, but was buoyed by the recent Social Credit victory in British Columbia and ran several candidates. The Free Press, which supported the Liberal-Progressives, and played up the threat of a Social Credit victory to rally popular support for the government. The actual threat posed by Social Credit was minimal: only two of its candidates were elected, although it did receive 13 percent of the vote.

The Communist Labor-Progressive Party also won representation in the legislature, with party incumbent Bill Kardash taking one of the four constituency seats in Winnipeg North. This was the last time that a Communist candidate won election to the Manitoba legislature, or indeed to any provincial legislature in Canada.

Two independent candidates were elected. Stephen Juba, the mayor of Winnipeg, was one of them.

Single-member constituencies
Arthur:

Assiniboia:

First Count

Fournier and Bloomfield were eliminated, and their votes were distributed as follows: Wightman 837, Mackling 768. 600 votes were non-transferable.

Final Count

Birtle:

Brandon City:

First Count

Wyborn was eliminated, and his votes were distributed as follows: Lissaman 272, Creighton 138. 646 votes were non-transferable.

Second Count

Carillon:

Cypress:

First Count

Ferg was subsequently declared elected on transfers from Philippe.

Dauphin:

First Count

Bullmore was subsequently elected on transfers.

Deloraine-Glenwood:

Dufferin:

First Count

McDonald was subsequently elected on transfers from Collins.

Emerson:

First Count

Solomon was subsequently declared elected on transfers from Friesen.

Ethelbert:

Fairford:

First Count

Joseph H. Kacher entered the contest as an Independent Liberal-Progressive, but withdrew before election day. Anderson was subsequently elected on transfers.

Fisher:

Gilbert Plains:

First Count

Brown and Elliott were eliminated, and their votes were transferred as follows: Mitchell 239, Wilson 222. 614 votes were non-transferable.

Final Count

Gimli:

Gladstone:

Hamiota:

First Count

Charles was eliminated, and his votes were distributed as follows: Venables 123, Shuttleworth 88. 314 votes were non-transferable.

Second Count

Iberville:

First Count

Hilgenga and Rempel were eliminated, and their votes were distributed as follows: Jarvis 207, McDowell 195. 637 votes were non-transferable.

Final Count

Kildonan—Transcona:

First Count

Although Melnyk ran as an independent, he was supported by the local Progressive Conservative association.

Both Carson and Melnyk were eliminated after the first count. Paulley received 275 additional votes on transfers, while Bodie received 163. It is assumed that all of these transfers came from Melynk's total, and that Paulley was declared elected before Carson's ballots were scrutinized. For the purposes of this article, Carson's final vote total is listed under "votes not transferred".

Second Count

Killarney:

First Count

Harrison was subsequently elected on transfers from Paterson.

Lakeside:

Lansdowne:

First Count

Sutherland was subsequently elected on transfers from Doherty. The Winnipeg Free Press of June 12, 1953, indicates that Sutherland had 2,160 votes on the second count.

La Verendrye:

Manitou-Morden:

First Count

Morrison was subsequently elected on transfers from O'Donnell.

Minnedosa:

First Count

Hutton was subsequently elected on transfers from Burgess.

Morris:

First Count

Tinkler was eliminated, and his votes were distributed as follows: Shewman 432, Beaubien 58. 354 votes were not transferred.

Second Count

Mountain:

Norfolk-Beautiful Plains:

First Count

Nelson was eliminated, and his votes were distributed as follows: McKinnon 342, Burch 257. 766 votes were not transferred.

Portage la Prairie:

First Count

Rempel was eliminated, and his votes were transferred as follows: Warren 200, Greenlay 94. 490 votes were non-transferable.

Rhineland:

Roblin:

Rockwood:

Russell:

First Count

Clement was subsequently elected on transfers.

St. Andrews:

St. Clements:

Fred Klym entered the contest as an Independent Liberal Progressive candidate, but withdrew before election day.

St. George:

Halldorson was also supported by the St. George Progressive Conservative Association.

Springfield:

First Count

Watt was eliminated, and his votes were distributed as follows: Storsley 206, Lucko 128. 309 votes were not transferred.

Swan River:

First Count

Renouf was subsequently elected on transfers.

The Pas:

Turtle Mountain:

Virden:

Eric Bailey was nominated for the Social Credit Party, but withdrew before election day. Herman Scheel was nominated in his place, but also withdrew after discovering that some electors who had signed his nomination papers believed they were endorsing Bailey.

St. Boniface
Two members elected

Valid votes in total = 19,557

Quota (amount that ensures election but not necessary to be elected)  = 6,519

At the end there were 3954 exhausted votes, votes that were no longer in play, either because there were no back-up preferences marked or because the candidates that were marked had already been eliminated.

Two Liberal-Progressive candidates were declared elected when the field of candidates narrowed through eliminations of lowest-ranking candidates to the point where these two were the last remaining candidates to fill the two seats, which had still not been filled by that point. Being the last ones remaining, they were elected even though they did not have quota.

Winnipeg Centre
The surpluses of Swailes and Juba were not transferred, as they were too small to affect the final candidate order. Scott was declared elected to the fourth position, despite finishing below the quota.

Winnipeg North
Kardash and Turk were declared elected to the third and fourth positions, even though both finished below the quota. Because of vote transfers from Lib-Prog Brotman and from Prog-Conservative Carrick, Lib-Prog Turk passed Lib-Prog Kozoriz who was in fourth place to take a seat.

2480 exhausted votes at the end.

Winnipeg South
Stinson's surplus of 146 was not transferred, as it would not have affected the candidate order.

Deferred elections
The election in Rupertsland was deferred to July 6, due to the difficulties of enumeration in this vast northern constituency. The election in Ste. Rose was also deferred to July 6, after incumbent Liberal-Progressive candidate Maurice Dane MacCarthy died on the eve of the general election.

The election did not technically end until July 21, 1953, when the final results for Rupertsland were announced.

Rupertsland (deferred to July 6, 1953):

First Count

The Progressive Conservatives initially nominated E.G. Perry, but he withdrew from the contest and endorsed Brown. Brown was declared elected following transfers from Abbott. The official Elections Manitoba report of this constituency lists Boulette as an official Liberal-Progressive candidate, but newspaper reports from the period indicate that he was an Independent Liberal-Progressive.

Ste. Rose:

First Count

Pineau was eliminated, and his votes were transferred as follows: Molgat 192, Fletcher 83. 616 votes were not transferred.

Second Count

Post-election changes
Ivan Schultz (Mountain, LP) resigned his seat in the first half of 1955, while James O. Argue (Deloraine-Glenwood, PC) died in the same period. By-elections for both constituencies were held on June 27, 1955. The CCF concluded that it did not have a chance of victory in either seat, and declined to nominate candidates. Social Credit also planned to stay out of the elections, until Roger Poiron entered the Mountain poll without consulting the provincial party. Although not technically an official candidate, he still received support from the Social Credit organization.

The Winnipeg Free Press's coverage indicates that the Campbell government was concerned with the results of the 1955 by-elections. Mountain had previously been regarded as one of the safest Liberal-Progressive seats in the province, and Boulic's performance was unexpectedly strong. Many leading government figures had campaigned for Clark in the campaign's final days, to ensure his victory. Clark received most of his support from Mountain's Anglophone majority and large Flemish community, while Boulic did well among French Canadians, who made up about one third of the voters.

St. George (dec. Christian Halldorson, 1956), December 30, 1956:
 * Elman Guttormson (LP) 1214
 * Magnusson (PC) 707
 * Allen (CCF) 510

Emerson (res. John Solomon, 1957), November 14, 1957:
 * John Tanchak (LP) 2183
 * Frank Casper (PC) 2008

[Note: These figures are taken from the Winnipeg Free Press, with 31 of 32 polls reporting. The outstanding poll was too small to affect the final result.]

Manitou-Morden (dec. Hugh Morrison, 1957), November 14, 1957:
 * Maurice Ridley (PC) 2240
 * David Lumgair (L) 1057

Gladstone (dec. William Morton, early 1958)

Dauphin (William Bullmore left the Social Credit party in either 1957 or 1958)

Arthur (dec. J. Arthur Ross, April 1, 1958)

title: 1953 Manitoba general election


text:
The Singles 81→85

The Singles 81→85 is a greatest hits album by English electronic music band Depeche Mode, released on 14 October 1985 by Mute Records. The compilation was not originally released in North America, where it was replaced by its counterpart Catching Up with Depeche Mode. This was the first release to feature a picture of the band on the cover (aside from the compilation album People Are People, which was released exclusively in North America in 1984).

In 1998, to coincide with the release of The Singles 86>98, the album was reissued and remastered under the title The Singles 81>85, featuring new cover art and two bonus tracks. As of April 2006, the 1998 reissue had sold 283,000 copies in the United States.

Artwork
On the inner sleeve of both the original LP and the reissue, as well as in the CD booklet and cassette inlay, each single's cover is pictured along with comments by certain reviewers, both positive and negative. Pre-Pet Shop Boys era, Neil Tennant's dismissive Smash Hits review from the actual release date of the double A-side single "Blasphemous Rumours"/"Somebody" is featured.

The photograph by Eric Watson featured on the cover was displayed at the National Portrait Gallery in London.

Track listing
All tracks written by Martin L. Gore, except where noted. All tracks produced by Daniel Miller and Depeche Mode, except where noted

CD
Notes
 * Original 1985 cassette release: side A (tracks 1–8), side B (tracks 9–15).

CD
Tracks 1–15 on remastered edition are the same as on originally 1985 release; brand-new tracks listed as tracks 16 and 17.

title: The Singles 81→85


text:
Fran Levstik

Fran Levstik (28 September 1831 – 16 November 1887) was a Slovene writer, political activist, playwright and critic. He was one of the most prominent exponents of the Young Slovene political movement.

Life and work
Levstik was born in 1831 in Dolnje Retje (now part of the municipality of Velike Lašče) in Lower Carniola (then part of the Austrian Empire, today in Slovenia) in a peasant Slovene family.

Levstik was the first notable writer of Slovene epic prose. Among his most known works are the short tale Martin Krpan From Vrh (Martin Krpan z Vrha), which became a classic work of Slovene literature, and the itinerary A Journey from Litija to Čatež (Popotovanje iz Litije do Čateža), the main objective of which is a literary manifesto. In the critical essay Napake slovenskega pisanja, he exposed his views on the development of the Slovene literary language.

Levstik was one of the main exponents of the Young Slovenes, a progressive and radical political group akin to the Young Czechs in the Czech Lands that challenged the then prevailing influence of conservatives, led by Janez Bleiweis, within the Slovenian National Movement. In his late years, he grew closer to Pan-Slavist ideals.

Levstik and his literary program had a great influence on future generations of Slovene authors of national liberal views, especially Josip Jurčič, Josip Stritar, Janko Kersnik, Anton Aškerc, Janez Trdina and Ivan Tavčar.

Slovene composer Breda Šček set Levstik’s texts to music.

He died in Ljubljana after a period of serious mental illness, which included delusions of a religious nature. He was buried in the former St. Christopher's Cemetery in the Bežigrad district of Ljubljana.

The Levstik Award for achievements in children's literature is named after him.

title: Fran Levstik


text:
List of drugs: Fl

fla-fli

 * Flagyl
 * flamenol (INN)
 * Flarex
 * flavamine (INN)
 * flavodic acid (INN)
 * flavodilol (INN)
 * Flavored Colestid
 * flavoxate (INN)
 * Flaxedil
 * flazalone (INN)
 * flecainide (INN)
 * flerobuterol (INN)
 * fleroxacin (INN)
 * flesinoxan (INN)
 * flestolol (INN)
 * fletazepam (INN)
 * Flexeril
 * Flexicort
 * flezelastine (INN)
 * flibanserin (INN)
 * flindokalner (USAN)

flo

 * floctafenine (INN)
 * Flolan
 * Flomax
 * flomoxef (INN)
 * Flonase
 * flopristin (INN)
 * flopropione (INN)
 * florantyrone (INN)
 * florbetaben (18F) (INN)
 * florbetapir (18F) (USAN)
 * flordipine (INN)
 * floredil (INN)
 * florfenicol (INN)
 * Florfeniject
 * florifenine (INN)
 * Florinef
 * Florone
 * Floropryl
 * flosatidil (INN)
 * flosequinan (INN)
 * flosulide (INN)
 * flotrenizine (INN)
 * flovagatran (INN)
 * Flovent
 * floverine (INN)
 * Flowtuss
 * floxacrine (INN)
 * Floxin
 * floxuridine (INN)

flua-fluc

 * fluacizine (INN)
 * flualamide (INN)
 * fluanisone (INN)
 * fluazacort (INN)
 * fluazuron (INN)
 * flubanilate (INN)
 * flubendazole (INN)
 * flubepride (INN)
 * flucarbril (INN)
 * flucetorex (INN)
 * flucicatide (18F) (USAN)
 * flucindole (INN)
 * fluciprazine (INN)
 * fluclorolone acetonide (INN)
 * flucloxacillin (INN)
 * fluconazole (INN)
 * flucrilate (INN)
 * flucytosine (INN)

flud-flui

 * fludalanine (INN)
 * Fludara
 * fludarabine (INN)
 * fludazonium chloride (INN)
 * fludeoxyglucose (18F) (INN)
 * fludiazepam (INN)
 * fludorex (INN)
 * fludoxopone (INN)
 * fludrocortisone (INN)
 * fludroxycortide (INN)
 * Fluenz
 * flufenamic acid (INN)
 * flufenisal (INN)
 * flufosal (INN)
 * flufylline (INN)
 * flugestone (INN)
 * Fluidil
 * fluindarol (INN)
 * fluindione (INN)

flum-flun

 * Flumadine
 * flumazenil (INN)
 * flumecinol (INN)
 * flumedroxone (INN)
 * flumequine (INN)
 * flumeridone (INN)
 * flumetasone (INN)
 * flumethiazide (INN)
 * flumetramide (INN)
 * flumexadol (INN)
 * flumezapine (INN)
 * fluminorex (INN)
 * flumizole (INN)
 * flumoxonide (INN)
 * flunamine (INN)
 * flunarizine (INN)
 * flunidazole (INN)
 * flunisolide (INN)
 * flunitrazepam (INN)
 * flunixin (INN)

fluo

 * flunoprost (INN)
 * flunoxaprofen (INN)
 * Fluocet
 * fluocinolone acetonide (INN)
 * fluocinonide (INN)
 * fluocortin (INN)
 * fluocortolone (INN)
 * Fluohexal (Hexal Australia) [Au]. Redirects to fluoxetine.
 * Fluonid
 * Fluor-Op
 * fluoresone (INN)
 * Fluorine F-18
 * fluorodopa
 * fluorodopa (18F) (INN)
 * fluorometholone (INN)
 * Fluoroplex
 * fluorouracil (INN)
 * Fluothane
 * fluotracen (INN)
 * Fluotrex
 * fluoxetine (INN)
 * fluoxymesterone (INN)

flup-fluq

 * fluparoxan (INN)
 * flupentixol (INN)
 * fluperamide (INN)
 * fluperlapine (INN)
 * fluperolone (INN)
 * fluphenazine (INN)
 * flupimazine (INN)
 * flupirtine (INN)
 * flupranone (INN)
 * fluprazine (INN)
 * fluprednidene (INN)
 * fluprednisolone (INN)
 * fluprofen (INN)
 * fluprofylline (INN)
 * fluproquazone (INN)
 * fluprostenol (INN)
 * fluquazone (INN)

flur-flus

 * fluradoline (INN)
 * fluralaner (INN)
 * flurantel (INN)
 * flurazepam (INN)
 * flurbiprofen (INN)
 * fluretofen (INN)
 * fluripiridaz (18F) (USAN)
 * flurithromycin (INN)
 * flurocitabine (INN)
 * flurofamide (INN)
 * flurotyl (INN)
 * fluroxene (INN)
 * flusalan (INN)
 * flusoxolol (INN)
 * fluspiperone (INN)
 * fluspirilene (INN)

flut-fluz

 * flutamide (INN)
 * flutazolam (INN)
 * flutemazepam (INN)
 * flutemetamol (18F) (INN)
 * Flutex
 * flutiazin (INN)
 * fluticasone (INN)
 * flutizenol (INN)
 * flutomidate (INN)
 * flutonidine (INN)
 * flutoprazepam (INN)
 * flutrimazole (INN)
 * flutroline (INN)
 * flutropium bromide (INN)
 * fluvastatin (INN)
 * fluvoxamine (INN)
 * fluzinamide (INN)
 * fluzoperine (INN)

title: List of drugs: Fl


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chinatowns in the Middle East

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page, if it exists; or after the end of this archived section. The result of the debate was no consensus, so kept. JYolkowski // talk 17:22, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Chinatowns in the Middle East
I added the vfd tag to this page because the two case examples, Tel Aviv and Dubai, seem to be unverifiable. There is no clear evidence that there is a single Chinatown in the Middle East. While there might actually be one, this page contribute no encyclopedia-worthy information. freestylefrappe 19:24, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

I am completing the nomination begun by Freestylefrappe.RJFJR 22:04, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * The supplied link gives some evidence of a Chinatown in Dubai (which is hardly surprising as Dubai is a truly cosmopolitan city), not sure about the Tel Aviv one. Anyway, any verified information can be merged into the Chinatown article and included in the List of Chinatowns, as this article gives no real information beyond the fact that they (supposedly) exist. -R. fiend 02:20, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and expand. Interesting article that's part of a Chinatowns in _____ series. I will try to contribute towards improving the article. -ÅfÇ++ 03:06, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, I doubt that an article as in depth and informative as the other Chinatowns in ___ articles. I don't believe that there are any other Chinatowns in the Middle East and an initial search for information on the Tel Aviv Chinatown is proving difficult. I suggest treating Dubai Chinatown as its own article much like other Dubai developments (Palm Islands, The World (archipelago), Burj Dubai, Dubai Land) -ÅfÇ++ 05:26, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Very weak keep if there are none. This article is here as part of the series from the  template.  If this article is deleted, the template should also be changed.  Or maybe update the template and then Delete this article. Vegaswikian 06:15, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 07:17, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be placed on a related article talk page, if one exists; in an undeletion request, if it does not; or below this section.


text: User talk:205.155.228.50

title: User talk:205.155.228.50


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Heatonville, Missouri

Heatonville is a small unincorporated community in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It lies along former U.S. Route 66 (Route 96), approximately six miles (10 km) north-east of Mount Vernon.

A post office called Heaton was established in 1872, the name was changed to Heatonville in 1888, and the post office closed in 1891. The community was named after Daniel Heaton, the original owner of the town site.

title: Heatonville, Missouri