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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jencyclopaedia

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete Zzyzx11 (Talk) 06:49, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Jencyclopaedia
I know some great Jens too - but I really can't see how this is notable --Doc (?) 00:28, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I think the "random jenerator" qualifies it for BJAODN. Regretfully delete, fails my "anyone could do it" test. Kappa 00:38, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Wikipedia is not advertising/self-promotion. --bainer (talk) 00:39, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: The author did not add the page, I did. I mentioned this in the talk page. I won't vote because I did add the article, however I did think it was an interesting site worth a mention, as there are other "as interesting" sites on wiki.
 * <>Who 01:11, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a web directory. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  01:28, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Interesting, but not really notable. Columbia 01:30, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NeoJustin 01:55, June 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete' unless evidence is presented that it's a well-known site. But too bad it's not the Jengodcyclopedia. Then it would be worth an extreme keep. -- Decumanus 01:56, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)
 * Shall we delete it even if it has a voluminous article on User:Jengod? ;) -- Jonel 03:39, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-encyclopedic.   — J I P | Talk 10:10, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - It is a website that is not well known (in the U.S. at least, don't know about England or the UK). I would vote against deletion, if this was a piece of published work instead of a website. Besides, nothing links here (what article would?) —Kjammer 10:35, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. not vanity, but not notable. Nateji77 12:53, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: 310 google hits for Jencyclopaedia. Article is an orphan. -- Infrogmation 17:09, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * BJAODN 18:52, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)216.186.53.4
 * Delete unless it can be shown that this article could be significantly expanded (in accordance with Importance). ··gracefool |☺ 00:46, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Way more interesting than a lot of the non-notable high school articles flowing in here, and at least as relevant to the Jens of the world. Denni ☯ 02:52, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)
 * Delete Meaningless. --minghong 06:21, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: User talk:69.143.182.222

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.143.182.222


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User:Yuber/todo

These are just some articles I want to improve in the future.

Cities of Syria

 * Damascus

Castles of Syria

 * List of castles in Syria
 * Category:Castles in Syria

Archaeology

 * Dura Europos
 * Bosra
 * Ugarit
 * Ebla

Templates and organization

 * Possible template:History of Syria template
 * categories of Syria

title: User:Yuber/todo


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Category:Cantons of Ecuador

Cantons of Ecuador

title: Category:Cantons of Ecuador


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Michelle McLean

Michelle McLean (born 31 July 1972) is a Namibian actress, writer, model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Universe 1992 in Thailand. McLean was 19 years old when she was crowned Miss Universe, and became the first Namibian woman to win the title. McLean had been crowned Miss Namibia 1991 before Miss Universe, and also placed as the fourth runner-up at Miss World 1991.

Early life
At the age of 13, Michelle McLean entered the world of International modelling, being crowned Miss Namibia in 1991 and reaching the all-time high as Miss Universe, crowned in Bangkok, Thailand, in 1992 - at the age of 19.

Personal life
Michelle married Neil Bierbaum. They had a son together, Luke McLean Bierbaum in 1999. They then divorced in 2006.

Michelle McLean and former Manchester United goalkeeper Gary Bailey married on 9 March 2013.

Miss World
Before Miss Universe, McLean competed in Miss World 1991. In the preliminary competition she was tied in second place with a score of 51 along with Miss South Africa, behind the eventual winner, Venezuela's Ninibeth Leal; McLean eventually finished in the top 5.

Miss Universe
In the 1992 Miss Universe pageant she finished second in the preliminary with a score of 9.147, right behind Carolina Izsak of Venezuela, who won all three preliminary competitions. Nonetheless, McLean's warmth and love for children helped clinch the crown over Izsak, Paola Turbay of Colombia, and Madhushri Sapre of India.

Life after Miss Universe
McLean campaigns for charities, notably The Michelle McLean Children Trust in Namibia and the Michelle McLean Primary School, also in Namibia, which has 890 students. The Michelle McLean Children's Trust in Namibia, which focuses on the education and care of under-privileged children, was founded in 1992 and has raised over 50 million dollars to help children in her native Namibia, in Southern Africa.

Michelle was instrumental in bringing the Miss Universe pageant to her country in 1995. In 2009 Michelle co-hosted the Miss World pageant held in South Africa. In 2019, McLean formed part of the selection committee of the Miss Universe 2018.

title: Michelle McLean


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Foreign commerce and shipping of the Empire of Japan

During the Empire of Japan and up to 1945, Japan was dependent on imported foods and raw materials for industry. At the time, Japan had one of the largest merchant fleets in the world with a total of approximately 6 million tonnes of displacement before December 1941. Despite heavy naval losses during the Pacific War, Japan was still left with 4,700,000 tonnes.

Trade
Despite popular perception, during the 1930s Japan was exporting low-cost items successfully. However, between the years of 1929 and 1938 foreign commerce dropped from 3.7% to 3.5%. Japan ran a trade deficit, selling a total of US$12.85 and buying US$15.25 per capita. This was in part brought on by the purchase of wartime materials.

Japan's primary trading partners in order were:

 * United States
 * Manchukuo
 * Wang Jingwei Government
 * Mengjiang
 * Occupied Chinese territories
 * India
 * United Kingdom
 * Dutch Indies

Japan exported 32% of its total output to the United States, and purchased 21% of its foreign trade.

Japan's imports were as follows:
 * 32% - cotton
 * 9% - wool
 * 9% - iron
 * 6% - petroleum
 * 4% - machinery
 * 3% - soybeans
 * 2% - wheat

Japan's exports were as follows:
 * 19% - wool articles
 * 15% - raw silk
 * 15% - rayon
 * 3% - machinery

Japan's primary exports were raw silk, controlling 80% of the world's production, and tea, controlling 10%.

Japan's total foreign trade was equivalent to Belgium, a country with less than 10% of Japan's population.

In 1897, the local monetary unit, the yen, was valued on the gold standard at a base level of 24.5 British Pence, which permits the use in the figures of the pound sterling or gold-backed US dollars.

(1 Yen = 24.5 British Penny or 10.8 Yen = 1 British Guinea = 1.05 Pounds Sterling)

During the worldwide depression (1931 to 1934), Japanese exterior commerce grew. The expansion of this trade was in part due to European difficulties in supplying their colonies, allowing Japan to expand into new markets. Before the war, crude silk represented one-third of exports and 10% of processed silk. Other products for export were rayon, cotton, processed silk and others. In 1937 exports were crude silk, cotton fabrics, and rayon. Japan was importing raw cotton, wool, and oil imported products.


text: Category:Cantons

title: Category:Cantons


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Drizzle

Drizzle is a light precipitation which consists of liquid water drops that are smaller than those of rain – generally smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter. Drizzle is normally produced by low stratiform clouds and stratocumulus clouds. Precipitation rates from drizzle are on the order of a millimetre (0.04 in) per day or less at the ground. Owing to the small size of drizzle drops, under many circumstances drizzle largely evaporates before reaching the surface, and so may be undetected by observers on the ground. The METAR code for drizzle is DZ and for freezing drizzle is FZDZ.

Effects
While most drizzle has only a minor immediate impact upon humans, freezing drizzle can lead to treacherous conditions. Freezing drizzle occurs when supercooled drizzle drops land on a surface whose temperature is below freezing. These drops immediately freeze upon impact, leading to the buildup of sheet ice (sometimes called black ice) on the surface of roads.

Occurrence
Drizzle tends to be the most frequent form of precipitation over large areas of the world's oceans, particularly in the colder regions of the subtropics. These regions are dominated by shallow marine stratocumulus and trade wind cumulus clouds, which exist entirely within the marine boundary layer. Despite the low rates of surface accumulation, it has become apparent that drizzle exerts a major influence over the structure, coverage, and radiative properties of clouds in these regions.

This has motivated scientists to design more sophisticated and sensitive instruments such as high-frequency radars which can detect drizzle. These studies have shown that the quantity of drizzle is strongly linked to cloud morphology and tends to be associated with updrafts within the marine boundary layer. Increased amounts of drizzle tend to be found in marine clouds that form in clean air masses that have low concentrations of cloud droplets. This interconnection between clouds and drizzle can be explored using high-resolution numerical modelling such as large eddy simulation.

Influence of aerosols
It has been hypothesized by a group of atmospheric scientists at Texas A&M University that particulates in the atmosphere caused by human activities may suppress drizzle. According to this hypothesis, because drizzle can be an effective means of removing moisture from a cloud, its suppression could help to increase the thickness, coverage, and longevity of marine stratocumulus clouds. This would lead to increased cloud albedo on a regional to global scale, and a cooling effect on the atmosphere. Estimates using complex global climate models suggest that this effect may be partially masking the effects of greenhouse gas increases on global surface temperature. However, it is not clear that the representation of the chemical and physical processes needed to accurately simulate the interaction between aerosols, clouds, and drizzle in our current climate models is sufficient to fully understand the global impacts of changes in particulates.

title: Drizzle


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Talk:Lynbrook, New York

Weird Demographics
Errr.. the article gives these figures for census breakdown in 2010:

As of the 2010 census [4] the population of the village was 85.3% White 77.7% Non-Hispanic White, 3.7% African American, 0.1% Native American, 4.5% Asian, 4.3% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13% of the population.

This adds up to 181.4%. Is it possible there's an error here? (Looking for an obvious error, like inputting of too many "7"'s)Even if "other white" is adjusted to 7.7%, it still sums to more than 100%. AgProv (talk) 22:17, 13 April 2014 (UTC)

Untitled
The article mentions Lynbrook, CA, yet I can't find anything online that says such a place actually exists...

 * It does not appear to now. Propose to clear this comment and the one above. MKoltnow 01:31, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Article Organization
Propose to move statement about Chambers to bulleted Trivia list. MKoltnow 01:31, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

I removed the following.
I removed the following paragraph-

is frequently called "Lynbrook, U.S.A.", in the belief that there is no other town in the United States with the same name. There is another place in Fairfax County, Virginia with the same name, according to the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). Go to: http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:140865077567707::NO::P3_FID:1493240 [1] Actually, the GNIS link is for an elementary school called "Lynbrook Elementary", located in Springfield VA. Lynbrook is not the name of that town.

This looked like a disagreement in the middle of the article. Also there is no source that it is frequently called Lynbrook U.S.A.--BeckiGreen (talk) 16:18, 18 May 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lynbrook, New York


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Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway

Henri de Massue, 2nd Marquis de Ruvigny, Earl of Galway, (9 April 1648 – 3 September 1720) was a French Huguenot soldier and diplomat who was influential in the English service in the Nine Years' War and the War of the Spanish Succession.

Biography
Massue was born in Paris. He was the son of the 1st Marquis de Ruvigny, a distinguished French diplomat, and a nephew of Rachel, the wife of Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton. He was a soldier and served in the French army under Turenne, who thought very highly of him. Probably on account of his English connections he was selected in 1678 by Louis XIV to carry out the secret negotiations for a compact with Charles II, a difficult mission which he executed with great skill. He succeeded his father as general of the Huguenots, and refused Louis's offer, at the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, to retain him in that office. In 1690, having gone into exile with his fellow Huguenots, he entered the service of William III of England as a major-general, thereby forfeiting his French estates.

In July 1691 he distinguished himself at the Battle of Aughrim, and in 1692 he was for a time commander-in-chief in Ireland. In November of that year he was created Viscount Galway and Baron Portarlington, and received a large grant of seized estates in Ireland. The title had previously belonged to Ulick Burke, 1st Viscount Galway, a Jacobite officer who had been killed at Aughrim.

In 1693 he fought at Neerwinden and was wounded. In 1694, with the rank of lieutenant-general, he was sent to command a force in English pay that was to assist the Duke of Savoy against the French, and at the same time to relieve the distressed Vaudois. In 1695 Savoy changed sides, the Italian peninsula was neutralised, and Galway's force was withdrawn to the Netherlands. From 1697 to 1701, a critical period of Irish history, the Earl of Galway (he was advanced to that rank in 1697) was practically in control of Irish affairs as Lord Justice of Ireland. After some years spent in retirement, he was appointed in 1704 to command the allied forces in Portugal togheter with François Nicolas Fagel, a post which he sustained with honour and success until the Battle of Almanza in 1707, in which Galway, in spite of care and skill on his own part, was decisively defeated by the Duke of Berwick. His aide de camp was Hector Francois Chataigner de Cramahé, son in law of Jacques de Belrieu, Baron de Virazel.

Galway scraped together a fresh army, and, although infirm, was reappointed to his command by the home government. He took part in one more campaign, and distinguished himself by his personal bravery in action. Marquis de Bay defeated him at the Battle of La Gudina. After this, he retired from active life. His last service was rendered in 1715, when he was sent as one of the lords justices to Ireland during the Jacobite insurrection. As most of his property in Ireland had been restored to its former owners, and all his French estates had long before been forfeited, Parliament voted him pensions amounting to 1500 pounds a year. He died unmarried. The Irish peerage died with him, but not the French marquisate. The French Hospital in north London was incorporated under the Great Seal in 1718, with Galway as its governor.

title: Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway


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Deep-level trap

Deep-level traps or deep-level defects are a generally undesirable type of electronic defect in semiconductors. They are "deep" in the sense that the energy required to remove an electron or hole from the trap to the valence or conduction band is much larger than the characteristic thermal energy kT, where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature. Deep traps interfere with more useful types of doping by compensating the dominant charge carrier type, annihilating either free electrons or electron holes depending on which is more prevalent. They also directly interfere with the operation of transistors, light-emitting diodes and other electronic and opto-electronic devices, by offering an intermediate state inside the band gap. Deep-level traps shorten the non-radiative life time of charge carriers, and—through the Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) process—facilitate recombination of minority carriers, having adverse effects on the semiconductor device performance. Hence, deep-level traps are not appreciated in many opto-electronic devices as it may lead to poor efficiency and reasonably large delay in response.

Common chemical elements that produce deep-level defects in silicon include iron, nickel, copper, gold, and silver. In general, transition metals produce this effect, while light metals such as aluminium do not.

Surface states and crystallographic defects in the crystal lattice can also play role of deep-level traps.

title: Deep-level trap


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File:EN003 Seeing Enceladus Faults.jpg

Southern Samarkand Sulci on Saturn's moon Enceladus

Original caption released with image:

This high-resolution image from Cassini shows a 70 kilometer x 84 kilometer (43 mile x 52 mile) region of "smooth plains" terrain on Enceladus' surface located slightly north of the equator on the moon's Saturn-facing hemisphere.

The image shows a variety of tectonic features that attest to Enceladus' dynamic geological history. At the top of the image is a relatively fresh-looking crevasse system with individual fractures that are over a kilometer wide. The crevasse system crosscuts a complex northeast-to-southwest-trending system of older faults. A 12 kilometer (7 mile) -wide band of crudely aligned, chevron-shaped features runs down the center of the image.

Among the most intriguing features in this view are a series of dark, small, 125 to 750 meter (400 to 2,500 feet) diameter spots. The dark spots often seem to be aligned in chains parallel to narrow fractures. The contrast of the dark features with the surrounding bright terrain suggests that they may be compositionally distinct, but their origin is a new Enceladus mystery.

The orientation of the image is such that north is approximately 30 degrees clockwise from the bottom of the frame. Enceladus is 505 kilometers, 314 miles in diameter.

The image was taken in visible light with the narrow angle camera on February 17, 2005, from a distance of 21,208 kilometers (13,178 miles) from Enceladus and at a Sun-Enceladus-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 27 degrees. Pixel scale in the image is 125 meters (410 feet) per pixel. The image has been contrast-enhanced to aid visibility.

title: File:EN003 Seeing Enceladus Faults.jpg


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Christy Marx

Christy Marx is an American scriptwriter, author, and game designer, especially narrative designer. She is best known for her work on various television series including Jem, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Conan the Adventurer, G.I. Joe, Hypernauts, and Captain Power. She is also known for her comic book work, including her original comic book series Sisterhood of Steel as well as work on Conan, Red Sonja, and Elfquest. Marx has also authored several biographies and history books.

Career
Marx's earliest published works in the comics industry included Red Sonja stories.

She would make her debut in the gaming industry with both writing and designing with Conquests of Camelot in 1990, and followed it with the sequel Conquests of the Longbow.

She began working at Zynga in late 2010, where she continued to work with games such as Hidden Chronicles. She left the company in 2017.

In June 2012, it was announced that Marx would be writing the character of Amethyst, Princess of Gemworld in a revival of the comic book series Sword of Sorcery, which was released in August 2013.

She has also authored a writing manual, Writing for Animation, Comics, and Games. The book covers how to write for multiple mediums and formats.

Personal life
Marx's first husband, Peter Ledger, was an illustrator. The computer game Conquests of Camelot and the Sisterhood of Steel graphic novel features his art.

Awards

 * In 2000, Marx won the Animation Writers Caucus Animation Award from the Writers Guild of America for her contributions to the field of animation writing.
 * Best Computer Adventure game 1990, by Video Games and Computer Entertainment Magazine, for Conquests of Camelot: The Search for the Holy Grail
 * Best Adventure game 1991, by Computer Game Review and Enchanted Realms, for Conquests of the Longbow: The Legend of Robin Hood
 * Marx was part of the team that won a 2006 Distinguished Achievement Award from the Association of Educational Publishers for the Harcourt Achieve Steck-Vaughn IMPACT Graphic Novels series

Books

 * Life in the Ocean Depths (Life in Extreme Environments) 2003
 * Watson and Crick and DNA (Primary Sources of Revolutionary Scientific Discoveries and Theories) 2005
 * The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 (Tragic Fires Throughout History) 2004
 * Jet Li (Martial Arts Masters) 2002
 * Writing for Animation, Comics, and Games 2007

Comics

 * Sword of Sorcery Volume 1: Amethyst, 2013
 * Birds of Prey #27, 2014
 * Convergence: Zero Hour Book 1, published in 2015

Television
(series head writer denoted in bold)
 * The New Fantastic Four (1978)
 * Spider-Man (1981-1982)
 * Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends (1981-1982)
 * G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (1985)
 * Jem (1985-1988)
 * Captain Power and the Soldiers of the Future (1988)
 * Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1988)
 * Dino-Riders (1988)
 * The Twilight Zone (1989)
 * G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (1990)
 * Bucky O%27Hare and the Toad Wars! (1991)
 * Conan the Adventurer (1992-1993)
 * Babylon 5 (1994)
 * Mighty Max (1994)
 * Darkstalkers (1995)
 * Hypernauts (1996)
 * Captain Simian %26 the Space Monkeys (1997)
 * ReBoot (1997)
 * Pocket Dragon Adventures (1998)
 * Beast Wars: Transformers (1998)
 * Shadow Raiders (1998-1999)
 * Roswell Conspiracies: Aliens, Myths and Legends (1999)
 * Kong: The Animated Series (2000)
 * X-Men: Evolution (2001)
 * Ultimate Book of Spells (2001)
 * Stargate Infinity (2002)
 * He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (2003)
 * Alien Racers (2005)
 * Zorro: Generation Z (2006)
 * Legend of the Dragon (2006)
 * Biker Mice from Mars (2006)
 * Dork Hunters from Outer Space (2008)

Film

 * What Waits Below (1984)
 * 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (2002)

Video games

 * Conquests of Camelot: The Search for the Grail (1990)
 * Conquests of the Longbow: The Legend of Robin Hood (1991)
 * The Legend of Alon D'ar (2001)
 * Tao Feng: Fist of the Lotus (2003)
 * CSI: Hard Evidence (2007)
 * The Lord of the Rings: War in the North (2011)

title: Christy Marx


text:
Talk:The Legend of Zorro

Move
Name is properly titled: The Legend of Zorro. ,. K1Bond007 00:35, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * This article has been renamed as the result of a move request. violet/riga (t) 22:19, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Divorce?
that point in the film--probably still the laws of Mexico? But as far as I remember, the cause of the emancipation of the woman wasn't very far advanced at that time yet... any experts on this?

The laws of the United States applied then seeing as it was an American possession. However, Mexican law applied to all contracts initiated prior to America acquiring possession of the state during the Mexican War. Here, the marriage occurred in 1840; thus, Mexican Law applied. In California in 1850, there was wife-initiated divorce. However, oddly enough, the courts maintained that a marriage initiated by the Catholic Church or that was between two that were "faithful" to the Church was inviolate and could not be dissolved by the state. Thus, the movie is not incorrect assuming that the marriage was not contracted inside the Catholic Church and was not being maintained by two "faithful" to the Church. However, the fact that they were later re-married by the priest makes it all highly unlikely. The community property laws of California made American divorce immediately very popular.--wilkyisdashiznit 23:08, 6 January 2008

Spoiler
I'm adding a spoiler tag to this article, the goofs contain information regarding the ending. (I haven't seen it yet, and this article just spelled out what is going to happen at the end). Then again you can say that I shouldn't be looking at the article, or that I should expect what happens, but I still believe it deserves a spoiler tag. --ImmortalGoddezz 04:54, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Spoilers are for simpleminded people, who watch e.g. Titanic and think "will the ship in the end sink OR NOT"? Because if you know the ship will sink, it is (within the Logic of these stubborn and naiv people) "spoiled" and impossible to watch this 3 hour masterpiece, because you know the end already.... well, i hope you get the knack what's it all about.

Another anachronism, just for the record
Since there are so many historic anachronisms noted in the article already, I see no reason to add this one but, sure enough, the president welcoming California to the union (in 1850) was Abraham Lincoln! --JWMcCalvin 23:32, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

It was Lincoln, the DVD commentary acknowledges, but not yet President Lincoln. And yeah, Lincoln never went to California, but it's fiction, hombres! Mdiamante 01:22, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Added a point about the similarities to Goldfinger. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.109.182.43 (talk) 00:02, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

Offenses against Horse Sense

 * After a long hard ride, Alejandro does not give Tornado a much needed rub-down. This is an atrocity.
 * Tornado catches up with the anachronistic Train, which has quite a bit of a head start. Is he a superhorse from Krypton?Das Baz 19:43, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Wait, you're saying that a horse cannot catch up with a train, but you have no problem with it jumping on to one? Or with it smoking a pipe? Or with it drinking out a wine bottle? Or that it understands commands in Spanish but not in English? Or that no one recognizes de la Vega's horse being the same as Zorro's? --Otheus (talk) 08:31, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

Some of these things are problems, but not all. It makes sense that Tornado should understand Spanish and not English. Many dogs understand commands in German, but not in any other language. My dog Princess understood Hebrew better than English. I have heard Circus Elephants been given commands in Hindi. Das Baz, aka Erudil 17:07, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Alejandro de la Vega
I don't think that Alejandro de la Vega's name change constitutes anachronism. Clearly Elena comes from a more powerful family than Alejandro so it's quite all right for Alejandro to take up Elena's last name as his new last name. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 129.97.20.53 (talk) 21:11, 7 February 2007 (UTC).

3rd Film?
Is there a possibility of a 3rd film? it was said in a documentry od the 2nd DVD that the reason they didnt use a deleted scene with the grown up son writing the history of the second film was because they then couldnt use Antonio Banderas and Catherine Zeta-Jones in a future film. Lovingnews1989 09:21, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Voting on whether to become part of the US?
Did this really happen in history? I thought California was conquered by force? Isnt this the major deviation from history?--Burgas00 22:05, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

No. California was conquered by force but was then ruled as a conquered territory by a military governor. There was a constitutional convention in 1849, the year before the movie indicates. The following year, Congress would admit California to the Union. In addition, Maryland-born Governor Riley and Kentucky-born Abraham Lincoln also were not Hispanic. Lincoln never came to California and an attorny from Illinois would have had no authority to admit California into the Union.--wilkyisdashiznit 23:28, 6 January 2008

Good news links for a production section
IGN Movies See especially Elena in a Zorro outfit? and Hopkins cameo? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mdiamante (talk • contribs) 01:02, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

timeline of the movies
The first movie The Mask of Zorro begins in 1821 and says "20 years later" when Hopkins is about to escape from his prison. Later he finds Banderas, trains him as his successor and so on... In the end the baby (Joaquin) was born. So the first film ends (and the birth of Joacquin is taking place) definitively not before 1841. The second movie begins 1950. Count and think for yourself. --93.134.254.4 (talk) 00:04, 3 September 2010 (UTC)

Citations for use

-Wildroot (talk) 04:30, 25 October 2010 (UTC)

Plot
I am just about done with a copy edit, but I will say that the plot section is very detailed, perhaps too detailed. - Pax  Verbum  05:15, 22 June 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Legend of Zorro


text:
User talk:69.21.43.114

March 2020
Hello, I'm NinjaRobotPirate. I noticed that you made an edit concerning content related to a living (or recently deceased) person   on Scott Glenn, but you didn't support your changes with a citation to a reliable source, so I removed it. Wikipedia has a very strict policy concerning how we write about living people, so please help us keep such articles accurate and clear. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you! NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 03:45, 13 March 2020 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

title: User talk:69.21.43.114


text: User talk:68.45.22.227

title: User talk:68.45.22.227


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User:Xiong/zanskar-tan

Zanskar is a region in the Kargil district, part of the north-west Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The administrative centre is Padum. Zanskar, together with the neighbouring region of Ladakh, formerly belonged to Guge or Western Tibet.

Geography
Zanskar covers an area of some 7,000 square kilometres (2,700 square miles), at a height of between 3,500 and 7,000 metres (11,500–23,000 feet). It consists of the country lying along the two main branches of the Zanskar river. The first, the Doda, has its source near the Pensi-La (4,400 metres) (14,450 feet) mountain-pass, and then flows south-eastwards along the main valley leading towards Padum, the capital of Zanskar. The second branch is formed by two main tributaries known as Kurgiakh-chu, with its source near the Shingo-La, and Tsarap-chu, with its source near the Baralacha-La. These two rivers unite below the village of Purne to form the Lungnak river (also named Lingti or Tsarap). The Lungnak-Chu then flows north-westwards along a narrow and precipitous gorge towards the Padum Valley, where it unites with the Doda river to form the Zanskar river.

The Zanskar river then takes a north-eastern course until it joins the Indus river in Ladakh. High mountain ridges lie on both sides of the Doda and Lingti–Kurgiakh valleys, which run north-west to south-east. To the south-west is the Great Himalayan Range which separates Zanskar from the Kisthwar and Chamba basins. To the north-east lies the Zanskar Range, which separates Zanskar from Ladakh. The only outlet for the whole Zanskar hydrographic system is thus the Zanskar river, which cuts a deep and narrow gorge through the Zanskar range.

These topographical features explain why access to Zanskar is difficult from all sides. Communication with the neighbouring Himalayan areas is maintained across mountain passes or along the Zanskar river when frozen. The easiest approach leads from Kargil through the Suru Valley and over the Pensi La. It is along this track that in 1979 the first and only road in Zanskar was built to connect Padum with the main road from Srinagar into Ladakh. The remoteness of this region also explains why only a few western travellers have visited the area until recent times, the Tibetologist Alexander Csoma de Koros being probably one of the first, in 1823. Moreover, because of the recent border conflicts between India and Pakistan or China, Zanskar was declared a restricted area, and was reopened to foreigners only in 1974.

Flora and fauna
Much of Zanskar's vegetation is found in the lower reaches of the valleys, and consists of alpine and tundra species. Most impressive are the meadows covered with thousands of edelweiss. Crops including barley, lentils, and potatoes are grown by farmers at the lower elevations, as well as apricot trees. Domesticated animals such as the yak, dzo, sheep, horse, and dog are found in the region.

Among the wildlife that can be found in Zanskar are the marmot, bear, wolf, snow leopard, kiang, bharal, alpine Ibex, wild sheep and goats, and the lammergeier.

Climate
Zanskar is a high altitude semi-desert lying on the Northern flank of the Great Himalayan Range. This mountain range acts as a climatic barrier protecting Ladakh and Zanskar from most of the monsoon, resulting in a pleasantly warm and dry climate in the summer. Rain- and snowfall during this period is thus scarce, although it seems that recent decades have seen an increase in precipitation. Several water-driven mills were built during ancient periods of drought at a great distance from the villages, but have been abandoned because running water is now available nearer to the settlements. Zanskari houses, though otherwise well built, are not adapted to the recently increasing rainfall, as their roofs leak, catching their surprised inhabitants unprepared. Most of the precipitation occurs as snowfall during the harsh and extremely long winter period. These winter snowfalls are of vital importance, since they feed the glaciers which melt in the summer and provide most of the irrigation water.

Population
Zanskar's population is small; at the last census in 1971, it was 6,886, and was estimated to be around 10,000 by 2005. Tibetan Buddhism is the main religion, although the influence of relicts of animistic and shamanistic rituals persists. There is also small minority of Shiite Muslims. The population lives mainly in scattered small villages, the largest being the capital Padum, with nearly 700 inhabitants. Most of the villages are located in the valleys of the Zanskar river and its two main tributaries. Given the isolation of this region, the inhabitants tend towards self-sufficiency, and until recently lived in almost complete autarky. External trade has, however, always been necessary for the acquisition of goods such as tools, jewellery, or religious artefacts.

The Zanskaris' main occupations are cattle-rearing and farming of land that they almost always own. Cultivable land is scarce, and restricted to alluvial fans and terraces, cultivated fields being rarely found above an altitude of 4,000 metres. The Zanskaris have developed a system of intensive arable agriculture and complex irrigation to produce enough food in these conditions. The scarcity of cultivable land has also resulted in a tendency towards a stable, zero-growth population. An efficient birth-control system in Zanskar has historically been achieved by the common practice of polyandrous marriage, in which several brothers are married to the same wife, and the widespread adoption of a celibate religious life. A high (natural) infant mortality rate also contributes to the maintenance of population stability.

Livestock
Livestock, and especially the yak, is of paramount importance in Zanskar. Yaks are used to plough the land, to thresh the grain, to carry heavy loads (up to 200 kilograms), and their dung not only serves as fertiliser but is also the only heating fuel available in the region. They are a vital source of milk and sometimes, but rarely, of meat. The yak's fur is used to make clothes, carpets, ropes, and bed covers.

History
The first traces of human activity in Zanskar seem to go back as far as the Bronze Age. Petroglyphs attributed to that period suggest that their creators were hunters on the steppes of central Asia, living between Kazakhstan and China. It is suspected that an Indo-European population known as the Mon might then have lived in this region, before mixing with or being replaced by the next settlers, the Dards. Early Buddhism coming from Kashmir spread its influence in Zanskar, possibly as early as 200 BCE. The earliest monuments date from the Kushan period. After this eastward propagation of Buddhism, Zanskar and a large part of the Western Himalaya were overrun in the 7th century by the Tibetans, who imposed their then animistic Bön religion.

Buddhism regained its influence over Zanskar in the 8th century when Tibet was also converted to this religion. Between the 10th and 11th centuries, two Royal Houses were founded in Zanskar, and the monasteries of Karsha and Phugtal (fig 1.8) were built. Until the 15th century Zanskar existed as a more or less independent Buddhist Kingdom ruled by between two and four related royal families. Since the 15th century, Zanskar has been subordinate to Ladakh, sharing its fortunes and misfortunes. In 1822 a coalition of Kulu, Lahoul, and Kinnaur invaded Zanskar, plundering the country and destroying the Royal palace at Padum. From 1842 onwards, Zanskar and Ladakh became part of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

In the mid-20th century, border conflicts between India, Pakistan, and China caused Ladakh and Zanskar to be closed to foreigners. During these wars Ladakh lost two thirds of its original territory, losing Baltistan to Pakistan and the Aksai Chin to China. Ladakh and Zanskar, despite a tumultuous history of internal wars and external aggressions, have never lost their cultural and religious heritage since the 8th century. Thanks to its adherence to the Indian Union, this is also one of the rare regions in the Himalaya where traditional Tibetan culture, society, and buildings survived the Chinese Cultural Revolution. In the last twenty years, the opening of a road and the massive influx of tourists and researchers have brought many changes to the traditional social organisation of Zanskar.

Etymology
Zanskar is also often written “Zangskar” in sociological studies or “Zaskar” in older geographers' reports or maps of the Himalaya. An etymological study (Snellgrove and Skorupsky, 1980) of the name reveals that its origin might refer to the natural occurrence of copper in this region, the Tibetan word for which is “Zangs”. The second syllable however seems to be more challenging as it has various meanings: “Zangs-dkar” (white copper), “Zangs-mkhar” (copper palace), or “Zangs-sKar” (copper star). Crook (1994) partly shares this interpretation but suggests that the origin of this name might also be “Zan-mKhar” (food palace), because the staple food crops are so abundant in an otherwise rather arid region.

Some of the religious scholars of the district, also cited by Snellgrove and Skorupsky (1980) and Crook (1994), held that it was originally “bZang-dKar”, meaning good (or beautiful) and white. “Good” would refer to the triangular shape of the Padum plain, the triangle being the symbol of Dharma and religion; “white” would refer to the simplicity, goodness, and religious inclinations of the Zanskaris. Thus, even if etymologically it would be more correct to use “Zangskar”, the most frequently found spelling for this region is undoubtedly “Zanskar”.

Tourism
Zanskar is extremely difficult to reach for tourists between November and May, because of the coldness and the heavy snowfall. Only very well-prepared visitors should try to attempt this, and then only with a knowledgeable Zanskari guide. However, one can visit all of Zanskar during the hotter months. Trekking is the best method to gain full access to Zanskar, although one may hire a jeep or take a bus to drive from Kargil to Padum over the Pensi-La mountain pass.

Even though Padum, the administrative capital of Zanskar, is not of great interest, one can take from there the Padum-Stongdey-Zangla-Karsha-Padum round trip, which covers most of the cultural sites of Zanskar. Another prime attraction along the road to Padum is the Pensi-La, 4,200 metres (13,800 feet) high, and separating Zanskar from the Suru Valley and Ladakh.

The most popular trekking routes to enter Zanskar by foot are the one leading from Darcha or Sarchu (on the Manali-Leh road) to Padum and the one from Lamayuru (on the Srinagar-Leh road) to Padum. Both routes take about ten days to complete.

Tourism is probably the major disruption that Zanskar has experienced during recent times. The opening of this region to foreigners has brought benefits such as the financing of schools and the restoration of monasteries and roads, but has also taken its toll on this fragile mountain environment and its population. Not only do the campsites along the trekking routes look more and more like junkyards at the end of the tourist season, but the local population has sometimes developed a questionable attitude towards visitors, involving begging, and very occasionally stealing.

title: User:Xiong/zanskar-tan


text:
Joe Carollo

Joseph Xavier Carollo (born March 12, 1955) is a Cuban-American politician who served as mayor of Miami from 1996 to 1997 and again from 1998 to 2001. Following his loss in the 2001 mayoral election, he served as Doral, Florida city manager from January 2013 until his firing in April 2014; he was reinstated in June 2017, then immediately resigned. He successfully ran for election to the Miami city commission in 2017.

Carollo's combative and erratic behavior in his political career earned him the name "Crazy Joe" from award-winning Miami Herald journalist and author Carl Hiaasen. The Miami New Times called him "Loco Joe."

Miami City Commission
In 1979, Carollo was elected to the City of Miami commission at the age of 24. He quickly gained a reputation for making enemies, and in 1982, the police chief Kenneth Harms sent a memo accusing Carollo of seeking political favors for Sheik Mohammed Al-Fassi, bribing the police, seeking career favors for his friends on the police force, and enforcing these demands by withholding budget funds for the police.

During the mayoral election in 1983 between Maurice Ferré and Xavier Suarez, Carollo was set to endorse Ferré at a public event with the incumbent mayor. Ferré had endorsed Carollo five years earlier for his city commission seat. Instead, at the event, Carollo accused Ferré, who was Puerto Rican, of being anti-Cuban, and lambasted Ferré. Ferré won the election but this event remains a fixture in Carollo’s career in Miami politics.

In 1986, as a city commissioner, Joe Carollo attacked a plan to develop Watson Island as funded by communists. The plan was backed by several conservative leaders, such as former U. S. Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick, conservative anti-Castro lobbyist Jorge Mas Canosa, and the Democratic then-mayor Xavier Suarez.

In 1987, at a fundraiser for his mayoral re-election campaign, Suarez said of Carollo "He's really kind of an embarrassment to those people who really are fighting communism and giving their lives and their talents and their time and their money, and in the halls of the U.S. Congress, and in South America and Africa they sometimes give their lives. In fact I think he's an all-around embarrassment."

Carollo lost his Miami City Commission seat by a wide margin to Victor De Yurre in 1987.

Return to Miami City Commission and first mayorship (1996–1997)
Eight years later, in 1995, Joe Carollo beat Victor De Yurre to retake the same seat on the Miami City Commission he lost to De Yurre.

One year later, Carollo won a special election to replace Stephen P. Clark, who died of cancer, as mayor of City of Miami.

Not long after taking office, several city commissioners were arrested in a bribery sting and it came to light that the City of Miami was $68 million in debt. Carollo brought in Merritt Stierheim as interim city manager to create a recovery plan. While the city faced scrutiny from Governor Lawton Chiles, reduced bond ratings from Moody, and calls to dissolve the city government, Stierheim’s plan was approved by the city commission.

In 1997, with the first Strong-mayor system in the City of Miami’s history at stake, Carollo lost his re-election campaign in a runoff election to Xavier Suarez. Although Carollo alleged ballot fraud in the first voting round, Suarez took office.

Voter fraud lawsuit
Carollo continued his lawsuit alleging ballot fraud in the first round of voting of the 1997 mayoral race. On March 5, 1998, Thomas S. Wilson Jr., a judge in the Florida circuit court voided the first round of the election writing "this scheme to defraud, literally and figuratively, stole the ballot from the hands of every honest voter in the city of Miami."

A Miami Herald investigation of the mayoral race found that campaign workers for Xavier Suarez and city commissioner Humberto Hernandez were registering voters where they didn't live, punched absentee ballots for voters without permission, casting ballots for voters who did not vote, and signed absentee ballots as witnesses that they did not witness, including for dead people.

On March 13, 1998, Joe Carollo was sworn in as Miami mayor after the 3rd District Court of Appeals threw out 5,100 fraudulent absentee ballots.

Second mayorship (1998–2001)
Carollo's second mayorship was marked from the beginning with struggles with the City Commission. After City Commissioner Humberto Hernandez was removed from his office by Governor Lawton Chiles, Carollo fired the City Manager Jose Garcia-Pedroza, who had been appointed by his predecessor, Mayor Xavier Suarez. The City Commission voted to reinstate Garcia-Pedroza and Carollo fired him again, a back-and-forth that led to Garcia-Pedroza being fired three times before asking the City Commission to let his dismissal stand.

Miami Circle
Main page: Miami Circle

Real estate developer Michael Baumann tore down an existing apartment building in the summer of 1998 and after being pushed to do a required archaeological survey, discovered an ancient 2,000 year old, 38-foot-wide circle beneath the soil at the mouth of the Miami River. Carollo and the developer first attempted to move the site away from its historical location. Carollo opposed preserving the site as it stood because of the possibility of significant tax revenue from Baumann's planned apartment building. However, Miami-Dade County Mayor Alex Penelas took up the cause of preserving the site after pressure from Native American groups, schoolchildren, archaeologists, the Smithsonian Institution, as well as international scrutiny.

Voter referendum
On Election Day, November 3, 1999, Miami voters voted to change their system of government to a Strong-mayor model. As a result, city manager Donald Warshaw was fired and Carollo was forced to run for re-election the following March, effectively cutting his term in half. After the election, Carollo sued to overturn the results of the election, arguing that it constitutes an illegal recall vote.

The results of the election found defenders with City Commissioners Arthur Teele, Tomás Regalado, and Joe Sanchez, whose attorneys asked the Florida Supreme Court to intervene so they could begin to plan and advertise the March election. When the Florida Supreme Court refused to intervene, Carollo successfully defended his seat against the election results.

Elián González affair
Main page: Elián González

In November 1999, Elián González and his mother, along with other Cuban migrants, left Cuba for the United States. While at sea, their boat failed, and most of the passengers, including González's mother, died. González and two other survivors were rescued at sea by fishermen. After arriving, González's family in Miami sued to retain custody of Elián while his father in Cuba, Juan Miguel González Quintana in Cuba, demanded that Elián be returned to Cuba.

The cause to keep Elián González in the United States was taken up by Miami's Cuban community. On March 29, Miami-Dade County Mayor Alex Penelas held a press conference where he announced that the county police department would not assist federal police in removing Elián González from Little Havana.

At that point Joe Carollo began a media blitz where he appeared on television more than 50 times, including Rivera Live, Nightline, Hannity, and frequent visits to Miami-area Spanish-language talk radio station Radio Mambi.

Carollo's media appearances garnered local and national derision. He accused Juan Miguel González of child abuse. In the days leading up to the April 21st federal raid, City Manager Donald Warshaw wrote memos saying that Carollo was attempting to direct the police to defend the González's home. After Elián was taken by federal agents and reunited with his father, Carollo was one of the first to say that photos of Elián with his father were faked, and said that any supporters of Elián in Little Havana with guns were agents of Fidel Castro.

Carollo fired City Manager Donald Warshaw, who did not support Carollo's actions in the Elián González affair. Subsequently, City of Miami Police Chief William O'Brien resigned. The shakeup caused Miami City Hall was inundated by bananas, referring to Carollo's leadership as a "banana republic", with boxes of bananas being delivered and drivers throwing bananas at the building.

Failed reelection bid
Facing a field of nine opponents and the pressure of a public domestic violence scandal, Carollo failed to make the runoff in the November 2001 election for mayor. He was defeated by former Miami mayor Maurice Ferré and eventual winner Manny Diaz (Florida politician).

Doral city manager (2013-2014)
After the resignation of Doral City Manager Yvonne Soler-McKinley, Joe Carollo was appointed January 2013 as city manager without a search being held for a new manager by Mayor Luigi Boria and the Doral City Council by unanimous vote. Interim City Manager Merrett R. Stierheim, who had been brought in to lead the search, called the appointment "a terrible decision."

Fifteen months later, in April 2014, Carollo was fired by the City Council in a 3-2 vote, as according to Vice Mayor Christi Fraga, Carollo "has now escalated to nonsense, untrue allegations, insubordination, intimidation, and bullying by our manager." Carollo had accused several members of the council of taking bribes for votes and predicted his firing in an earlier press conference. The city council members who voted to remove him said that he was creating a toxic work environment leading to high turnover in city staff.

Carollo sued the mayor and city council members on first amendment grounds and Florida whistleblower protections. In 2017, Carollo and the city of Doral settled, and Carollo was reinstated as city manager so he could resign.

Miami City Commission (2017-present)
November 21, 2017, Joe Carollo defeated Alfie Leon in a runoff election to take the district 3 seat on the Miami city commission. The seat was papal held by his brother, Frank Carollo, who was term limited.

Replacing Viernes Culturales
Viernes Culturales (Cultural Fridays) is a festival in the Little Havana neighborhood in Miami held on the last Friday of the month run by a nonprofit made up of area business-owners and community members. In 2018, Carollo applied for permits on the same space and time that would have held Viernes Culturales in a move to force the festival to shut down. Carollo said that he felt the existing event had become "a flea market." One of the Viernes Culturales nonprofit board members, William "Bill" Fuller, said that the actions were taken to attack him personally.

Ouster of police chief
In March 2021, Mayor Francis Suarez announced that he had recruited and hired Houston police chief Art Acevedo. Acevedo said he would "not tolerate mediocrity at the Miami Police Department", and would make reforms to improve the department. Acevedo quickly began to follow through with high profile firings of police officers starting in June 2021, which brought controversy to his position, and criticism from the Miami City Commission.

Although Art Acevedo won praise from the Cuban community of Miami for standing with them during rallies to support the 2021 Cuban protests, the relationship soured when, in a statement to staff, he referred to a "Cuban mafia" that controlled the Miami Police Department. Carollo criticized him for the statement, calling it "unbelievable," and pointed out that Fidel Castro used the same language to denigrate Cubans in Miami. Carollo expressed disbelief that Acevedo, himself Cuban, could be unaware of that history.

During a September 2021 hearing on the future of Acevedo as police chief, commissioners aired grievances against Acevedo, including his "Cuban mafia" comments, the firings of popular officers, and the hiring process by the mayor. Carollo brought in a video of Acevedo impersonating Elvis for a fundraiser. Carollo then proceeded to freeze the video and bring attention to Acevedo's crotch, stating "Do you find it acceptable for your police chief to go out in public with pants like that, with his mid-section and pants so tight?"

Art Acevedo was fired by the city manager in October 2021. At the swearing in of his replacement, Manny Morales, Carollo played the theme from the film The Godfather, referencing the "Cuban mafia" statement.

Actions against homeless
In October 2021, Carollo sponsored an ordinance criminalizing tent encampments in the city of Miami. Critics said that the ordinance would criminalize being homeless. Carollo and his supporters say that homelessness is a choice, with Carollo himself saying that the homeless are "people that are out there because they want to be out there."

As a result of this action, the city of Miami was sued by the ACLU of Florida in federal court alleging that the city was destroying the property of residents. The plaintiffs in the case reported city workers destroying personal belongings such as clothing, family photos, identification documents, and an urn containing one plaintiff's mother's ashes.

Carollo also pushed a plan to build an encampment on Virginia Key to keep homeless people. The plan drew sharp criticism from many sectors of Miami, including the Miami-Dade County Homeless Trust, Miami-Dade County Mayor Daniella Levine Cava, advocates for the homeless, area historians, environmentalists, and nearby residents. After vocal disagreement from the Virginia Key Beach Park Trust, which manages the beach due to its history as a Black beach during the Jim Crow era, the city commission took over the board.

Racism and antisemitism
In the 1976 Democratic primary, Carollo supported the segregationist Governor of Alabama George Wallace. In 1979, Carollo, who was then a police officer, was reprimanded for putting Ku Klux Klan cartoon pamphlets in the mailbox of a fellow Black officer.

Filmmaker Billy Corben accused Carollo of using “an anti-Semitic dog foghorn” when Carollo teased him repeatedly using his Jewish birth name instead of his professional name during a tense committee meeting.

Domestic violence
On February 8, 2001, Carollo was arrested on charges of domestic violence. He was accused of throwing a terra cotta pot at his then-wife, leaving a golf-ball-sized welt on her head. The Miami-Dade State Attorney's Office eventually dropped domestic violence charges against Carollo after he agreed to attend anger-management courses.

Civil lawsuit
While serving as a commissioner, Carollo was sued by two businessmen for actions he took as commissioner that they felt violated their First Amendment rights. They claimed Carollo "weaponized" the code enforcement department against them and their businesses as a result of them supporting one of his political opponents. Carollo claims he exercised his powers as commissioner properly. In June 2023, a jury found Carollo liable for $15.9 million in compensatory damages and an additional $47.6 million in punitive damages. Carollo says he plans to appeal. November 2023 a Federal court ordered the city of Miami to garnish the his wages to pay the $63.5 million judgement against him. In January 2024 a Federal court approved a writ of execution for US Marshals to begin seizing $63,500,000 in assets.

title: Joe Carollo


text:
User:Xiong/zanskar-mel

Zanskar is a region in the Kargil district, part of the north-west Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The administrative centre is Padum. Zanskar, together with the neighbouring region of Ladakh, formerly belonged to Guge or Western Tibet.

Geography
Zanskar covers an area of some 7,000 square kilometres (2,700 square miles), at a height of between 3,500 and 7,000 metres (11,500–23,000 feet). It consists of the country lying along the two main branches of the Zanskar river. The first, the Doda, has its source near the Pensi-La (4,400 metres) (14,450 feet) mountain-pass, and then flows south-eastwards along the main valley leading towards Padum, the capital of Zanskar. The second branch is formed by two main tributaries known as Kurgiakh-chu, with its source near the Shingo-La, and Tsarap-chu, with its source near the Baralacha-La. These two rivers unite below the village of Purne to form the Lungnak river (also named Lingti or Tsarap). The Lungnak-Chu then flows north-westwards along a narrow and precipitous gorge towards the Padum Valley, where it unites with the Doda river to form the Zanskar river.

The Zanskar river then takes a north-eastern course until it joins the Indus river in Ladakh. High mountain ridges lie on both sides of the Doda and Lingti–Kurgiakh valleys, which run north-west to south-east. To the south-west is the Great Himalayan Range which separates Zanskar from the Kisthwar and Chamba basins. To the north-east lies the Zanskar Range, which separates Zanskar from Ladakh. The only outlet for the whole Zanskar hydrographic system is thus the Zanskar river, which cuts a deep and narrow gorge through the Zanskar range.

These topographical features explain why access to Zanskar is difficult from all sides. Communication with the neighbouring Himalayan areas is maintained across mountain passes or along the Zanskar river when frozen. The easiest approach leads from Kargil through the Suru Valley and over the Pensi La. It is along this track that in 1979 the first and only road in Zanskar was built to connect Padum with the main road from Srinagar into Ladakh. The remoteness of this region also explains why only a few western travellers have visited the area until recent times, the Tibetologist Alexander Csoma de Koros being probably one of the first, in 1823. Moreover, because of the recent border conflicts between India and Pakistan or China, Zanskar was declared a restricted area, and was reopened to foreigners only in 1974.

Flora and fauna
Much of Zanskar's vegetation is found in the lower reaches of the valleys, and consists of alpine and tundra species. Most impressive are the meadows covered with thousands of edelweiss. Crops including barley, lentils, and potatoes are grown by farmers at the lower elevations, as well as apricot trees. Domesticated animals such as the yak, dzo, sheep, horse, and dog are found in the region.

Among the wildlife that can be found in Zanskar are the marmot, bear, wolf, snow leopard, kiang, bharal, alpine Ibex, wild sheep and goats, and the lammergeier.

Climate
Zanskar is a high altitude semi-desert lying on the Northern flank of the Great Himalayan Range. This mountain range acts as a climatic barrier protecting Ladakh and Zanskar from most of the monsoon, resulting in a pleasantly warm and dry climate in the summer. Rain- and snowfall during this period is thus scarce, although it seems that recent decades have seen an increase in precipitation. Several water-driven mills were built during ancient periods of drought at a great distance from the villages, but have been abandoned because running water is now available nearer to the settlements. Zanskari houses, though otherwise well built, are not adapted to the recently increasing rainfall, as their roofs leak, catching their surprised inhabitants unprepared. Most of the precipitation occurs as snowfall during the harsh and extremely long winter period. These winter snowfalls are of vital importance, since they feed the glaciers which melt in the summer and provide most of the irrigation water.

Population
Zanskar's population is small; at the last census in 1971, it was 6,886, and was estimated to be around 10,000 by 2005. Tibetan Buddhism is the main religion, although the influence of relicts of animistic and shamanistic rituals persists. There is also small minority of Shiite Muslims. The population lives mainly in scattered small villages, the largest being the capital Padum, with nearly 700 inhabitants. Most of the villages are located in the valleys of the Zanskar river and its two main tributaries. Given the isolation of this region, the inhabitants tend towards self-sufficiency, and until recently lived in almost complete autarky. External trade has, however, always been necessary for the acquisition of goods such as tools, jewellery, or religious artefacts.

The Zanskaris' main occupations are cattle-rearing and farming of land that they almost always own. Cultivable land is scarce, and restricted to alluvial fans and terraces, cultivated fields being rarely found above an altitude of 4,000 metres. The Zanskaris have developed a system of intensive arable agriculture and complex irrigation to produce enough food in these conditions. The scarcity of cultivable land has also resulted in a tendency towards a stable, zero-growth population. An efficient birth-control system in Zanskar has historically been achieved by the common practice of polyandrous marriage, in which several brothers are married to the same wife, and the widespread adoption of a celibate religious life. A high (natural) infant mortality rate also contributes to the maintenance of population stability.

Livestock
Livestock, and especially the yak, is of paramount importance in Zanskar. Yaks are used to plough the land, to thresh the grain, to carry heavy loads (up to 200 kilograms), and their dung not only serves as fertiliser but is also the only heating fuel available in the region. They are a vital source of milk and sometimes, but rarely, of meat. The yak's fur is used to make clothes, carpets, ropes, and bed covers.

History
The first traces of human activity in Zanskar seem to go back as far as the Bronze Age. Petroglyphs attributed to that period suggest that their creators were hunters on the steppes of central Asia, living between Kazakhstan and China. It is suspected that an Indo-European population known as the Mon might then have lived in this region, before mixing with or being replaced by the next settlers, the Dards. Early Buddhism coming from Kashmir spread its influence in Zanskar, possibly as early as 200 BCE. The earliest monuments date from the Kushan period. After this eastward propagation of Buddhism, Zanskar and a large part of the Western Himalaya were overrun in the 7th century by the Tibetans, who imposed their then animistic Bön religion.

Buddhism regained its influence over Zanskar in the 8th century when Tibet was also converted to this religion. Between the 10th and 11th centuries, two Royal Houses were founded in Zanskar, and the monasteries of Karsha and Phugtal (fig 1.8) were built. Until the 15th century Zanskar existed as a more or less independent Buddhist Kingdom ruled by between two and four related royal families. Since the 15th century, Zanskar has been subordinate to Ladakh, sharing its fortunes and misfortunes. In 1822 a coalition of Kulu, Lahoul, and Kinnaur invaded Zanskar, plundering the country and destroying the Royal palace at Padum. From 1842 onwards, Zanskar and Ladakh became part of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

In the mid-20th century, border conflicts between India, Pakistan, and China caused Ladakh and Zanskar to be closed to foreigners. During these wars Ladakh lost two thirds of its original territory, losing Baltistan to Pakistan and the Aksai Chin to China. Ladakh and Zanskar, despite a tumultuous history of internal wars and external aggressions, have never lost their cultural and religious heritage since the 8th century. Thanks to its adherence to the Indian Union, this is also one of the rare regions in the Himalaya where traditional Tibetan culture, society, and buildings survived the Chinese Cultural Revolution. In the last twenty years, the opening of a road and the massive influx of tourists and researchers have brought many changes to the traditional social organisation of Zanskar.

Etymology
Zanskar is also often written “Zangskar” in sociological studies or “Zaskar” in older geographers' reports or maps of the Himalaya. An etymological study (Snellgrove and Skorupsky, 1980) of the name reveals that its origin might refer to the natural occurrence of copper in this region, the Tibetan word for which is “Zangs”. The second syllable however seems to be more challenging as it has various meanings: “Zangs-dkar” (white copper), “Zangs-mkhar” (copper palace), or “Zangs-sKar” (copper star). Crook (1994) partly shares this interpretation but suggests that the origin of this name might also be “Zan-mKhar” (food palace), because the staple food crops are so abundant in an otherwise rather arid region.

Some of the religious scholars of the district, also cited by Snellgrove and Skorupsky (1980) and Crook (1994), held that it was originally “bZang-dKar”, meaning good (or beautiful) and white. “Good” would refer to the triangular shape of the Padum plain, the triangle being the symbol of Dharma and religion; “white” would refer to the simplicity, goodness, and religious inclinations of the Zanskaris. Thus, even if etymologically it would be more correct to use “Zangskar”, the most frequently found spelling for this region is undoubtedly “Zanskar”.

Tourism
Zanskar is extremely difficult to reach for tourists between November and May, because of the coldness and the heavy snowfall. Only very well-prepared visitors should try to attempt this, and then only with a knowledgeable Zanskari guide. However, one can visit all of Zanskar during the hotter months. Trekking is the best method to gain full access to Zanskar, although one may hire a jeep or take a bus to drive from Kargil to Padum over the Pensi-La mountain pass.

Even though Padum, the administrative capital of Zanskar, is not of great interest, one can take from there the Padum-Stongdey-Zangla-Karsha-Padum round trip, which covers most of the cultural sites of Zanskar. Another prime attraction along the road to Padum is the Pensi-La, 4,200 metres (13,800 feet) high, and separating Zanskar from the Suru Valley and Ladakh.

The most popular trekking routes to enter Zanskar by foot are the one leading from Darcha or Sarchu (on the Manali-Leh road) to Padum and the one from Lamayuru (on the Srinagar-Leh road) to Padum. Both routes take about ten days to complete.

Tourism is probably the major disruption that Zanskar has experienced during recent times. The opening of this region to foreigners has brought benefits such as the financing of schools and the restoration of monasteries and roads, but has also taken its toll on this fragile mountain environment and its population. Not only do the campsites along the trekking routes look more and more like junkyards at the end of the tourist season, but the local population has sometimes developed a questionable attitude towards visitors, involving begging, and very occasionally stealing.

title: User:Xiong/zanskar-mel


text:
User:Maxiop

Hey welcome too my user ive been here a while.i love sports, talk to me at my user page.

hi maxiop...ATX forever

title: User:Maxiop


text: Category:Subdivisions of Canada

title: Category:Subdivisions of Canada


text:
Potidaea

Potidaea (Ποτίδαια, Potidaia, also Ποτείδαια, Poteidaia ) was a colony founded by the Corinthians around 600 BC in the narrowest point of the peninsula of Pallene, the westernmost of three peninsulas at the southern end of Chalcidice in northern Greece.

History
While besieged by the Persians in 479 BC, the town may have been saved by a tsunami rather than a particularly high tide. Herodotus reports how the Persian attackers who tried to exploit an unusual retreat of the water were suddenly surprised by "a great flood-tide, higher, as the people of the place say, than any one of the many that had been before". Several tsunamigenic layers have been identified along the Thracian Coast, indicating that the region is prone to tsunamis. While tsunami are generally associated with earthquakes, Herodotus, the source of this story, makes no mention of an earthquake at the time. This makes it more likely that the event was a meteotsunami. Not only are such events relatively common in the Mediterranean, but their effect is amplified in a long, narrow body of water, which is a good description for the situation of Potidaea, which lies at the head of Toroneos gulf.

During the time of the Delian League, conflicts occurred between Athens and Corinth. However, the Corinthians still sent a supreme magistrate each year. Potidaea was inevitably involved in all of the conflicts between Athens and Corinth. The people revolted against the Athenians in 432 BC, and it was besieged at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War and taken in the Battle of Potidaea in 430 BC.

The Athenians retook the city in 363 BC, but in 356 BC Potidaea fell into the hands of Philip II of Macedon. Potidaea was destroyed and its territory handed to the Olynthians. Cassander built a city on the same site which was named Cassandreia. It was probably at this time that the canal, which still exists today, was dug through the sandy soil at the narrowest part of the isthmus, perhaps with the aim of making the city a naval base. In 43 BC a Roman colony was settled by the proconsul of Macedonia, which in 30 BC was resettled by Octavian (the future Augustus) and took the official name Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis.

Modern legacy
The modern settlement of Nea Poteidaia, built for refugees from Asia Minor after the First World War, is situated near this ancient site.

In popular culture, the fictional character Gabrielle from the TV series Xena: Warrior Princess was described as being from Potidaea.

title: Potidaea


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Comments of Japanese Finanzes

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - kept - SimonP 13:41, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Comments of Japanese Finanzes
Stimate Deleters:

in first Place,in the present space why having making i sended other interesting information relationed with Japanese Empire Finanzes aspects.

debt at reason of space,if impossibly to putting these information over realities of Zaibatsus and others and numbers of Japanese economy why are more diffrent in these times why present japanese economy,no poses any space in present articles of japanese ancient economy.

i considered "VERY IMPORTANT" this article for complement with another relationed information of japanese economy.additionally i am beliving why if time of take leaving of yours.i have to decided retireing of my contributor activity too in next times, and are my lasts articles...

 * Dear editor, please edit wikipedia in your native language. mikka (t) 01:00, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I find this comment unacceptable. Charles Matthews

 * Delete drini ☎ 00:52, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. One might consider merging of salvageable pieces of facts, but the source is unknown, hence low credibility. mikka (t) 01:00, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Resubmit when in English. EDM 01:06, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for reasons already stated elsewhere. It might as well be nonsense. -- Captain Disdain 01:31, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep: Please see comments at this vfd for reasoning. Wikibofh 03:38, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This article has now been cleaned up. It needs to be Moved or merged to a better title or location.  Changing my vote appropriately.  Wikibofh 19:44, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * has been cleaned up here, but still needs work. Nateji77 14:23, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, perfectly salvageable article, I have dealt with this type of material many times. Charles Matthews 15:32, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Eagleamn 13:55, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, it appears to have been cleaned up enough to at least be salvagable. Scott5114 19:50, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

historical objetive
one objetive of economical commercial sections and ancient dates and other relationed if aid to reconstructed at commercial and some aspects of japanese common life style,how theirs thinked and your ideology and local policy. in comparison at present japanese contemporary and your actual lifestyle and political thinking.for this informations and dates are antiquated but debt to seeing in the perspective of these time in comparison with actual times.

other idea if the knowed are the economical resources and your founts for why japanese empire poses monetary resources in your war efforts in pacific conflict.

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Musée Grévin

The Musée Grévin (euronext: GREV) (Grévin Museum) is a wax museum located on the Grands Boulevards in the 9th arrondissement of Paris on the right bank of the Seine. The Musée Grévin also has a location in Seoul. Musée Grévin Montreal opened in 2013, and closed in 2021.

History
The museum was founded in 1882 by Arthur Meyer, a journalist for Le Gaulois, on the model of Madame Tussauds founded in London in 1835, and named for its first artistic director, caricaturist Alfred Grévin. It is one of the oldest wax museums in Europe. Its baroque architecture includes a hall of mirrors based on the principle of a catoptric cistula in 2018, a young American author, composer, interpreter and designer, Krysle Lip was in charge of the artistic and esthetical transformation of the Hall of Mirrors The hall of mirrors was built for the Exposition Universelle in 1900. It was originally housed in the Palais des mirages designed by Eugène Hénard.

Attractions
The Musée Grévin now contains some 450 characters arranged in scenes from the history of France and modern life, including a panorama of French history from Charlemagne to Napoleon III and bloody scenes of the French Revolution, with the original wax figures of the late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessing their technical evolution. By contrast, the more contemporaneous movie stars, athletes, and international figures such as Albert Einstein, Mahatma Gandhi, Shah Rukh Khan, Pablo Picasso, Michael Jackson, Josephine Baker and Pope John Paul II use the modern techniques of modeling. The tableau of Charlotte Corday murdering Jean-Paul Marat created in 1889 includes the actual knife and bathtub used.

New wax characters are regularly added to the Museum among more than 2000 made since it opened. They include Zinedine Zidane, Jean Reno, Monica Bellucci, Jean Dujardin, Isabelle Adjani and Nolwenn Leroy.

Bollywood celebrities whose wax has been added include Shah Rukh Khan, Aishwarya Rai and Ranveer Singh.

Wax Figure Controversies
In October 2023, the museum unveiled a new wax figure of actor Dwayne Johnson, aka The Rock. However, many people on social media made comments about how little the sculpture actually looked like him. Many fans pointed out that the figure's skin tone was incorrect. Even Dwayne Johnson himself called on the museum to "update my wax figure with some important details, starting with my skin colour." . The museum later had its skin tone darkened after the statue drew a wave of attention on social media for its too-light look.

In July 2024, the museum unveiled a new waxwork figure of Beyonce. Despite the attention to detail in the hair and costume, something quite major was amiss—the singer’s face was totally unrecognisable. Many fans took to social media to share their confusion, as the wax figure looked rather different from the real-life Beyonce.

Grévin Seoul
The Grévin Seoul is a waxwork museum in Seoul, South Korea. The museum was founded in 2015.

title: Musée Grévin


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Talk:Rook (bird)

Refs needed
This excellent article needs references. Properly sourced it would be suitable for WP:FAC. --Theo (Talk) 00:41, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

There are some good close-up photographs of rooks for the english taxbox on the other language wikis. (I am not sure how to bring them into the Endlish version). Snowman 14:32, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

Collective name?
Whats a gathering of rooks called? Highlandlord 02:59, 21 June 2006 (UTC)
 * A flock - most other names eg murder, parliament etc are literary conceits with no real currency. jimfbleak 06:30, 21 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I suppose, but its little info and it doesn't hurt right? Highlandlord 05:46, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Well a murder is a group of crows, not rooks. And I have heard of groupings of rooks being called a parliament before. BethEnd 17:36, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty curious about this. There's a Neil Gaiman/Sandman story called "A Parliament of Rooks" that suggests rooks have a pretty peculiar behavior; namely, a kind of "trial" that they subject one bird to, with either an apparent not-guilty verdict (bird lives) or guilty (rest of the birds kill the one on trial). If this is completely false it should probably be noted as both a "popular media" bit + clarification.
 * As an avid Sandman fan, I've been curious about this myself. According to the story, all the rooks in a parliament gather around one rook who tells the others a story.  If the story is liked, all the birds fly away as one; if it's disliked, the storyteller is killed.  Willbyr (talk | contribs) 18:04, 25 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Dang, I had the exact same question. I looked up rook after reading "A Parliament of Rooks." 65.43.147.44 07:12, 2 January 2007 (UTC)
 * It seems that a considerable amount of people look up 'rook' after reading "A Parliament of Rooks". Is there anybody that knows any truth behind this story? If so, I concur that it should be included under "popular media". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.211.194.169 (talk) 17:40, 27 March 2009 (UTC)

Lol, pretty sure, without checking, that the collective noun for a gathering of rooks is a "Gathering"! Gaiman's ref was to the parliament they hold, which may result in the death of a bird (which is documented in some other species, maybe rooks). Parliament is the collective noun for owls, as well. Didn't they have QI in 2006? cygnis insignis 19:51, 22 June 2019 (UTC)

True or false (for Brittons mainly)
In the UK and Ireland Crows are black (not like east of aproximate longitude 10 East, where crows are partly grey and easier to distinguish from Rooks). I once heard that "In England a lonley Rook is a Crow, but 100 Crows together are Rooks !" There seems to be something in that statement, Rooks are more social (and also more urban). But anyone that have heared the expression (or something like it) ? Boeing720 (talk) 23:12, 2 April 2014 (UTC)

Intelligence
This is the text that I would like to include in the article in the "Inteligence" section. Another editor is repeatedly removing some of this information thereby making the article less comprehensive. Does anyone else have views as to whether this content should be included? Cwmhiraeth (talk) 17:53, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: [moved from GA subpage, which does not appear on watchlists cygnis insignis 19:11, 22 June 2019 (UTC)]

"Although outside of captivity rooks have not shown probable tool-use, in captivity, when confronted with problems, they have been documented as one of several species of birds capable of using tools as well as modifying them to meet their needs. Captive rooks have shown the ability to use and understand puzzles; in the Trap-Tube Problem, rooks learned how to pull their reward out of the tube while avoiding a trap on one side.  Rooks learned that if they push a stone off a ledge into a tube, they will get food. The rooks then discovered they could find and bring a stone and carry it to the tube if no stone was there already. They also used sticks and wire, and figured out how to bend a wire into a hook to reach an item. Rooks also understood the notion of water levels. When given stones and a tube full of water with a reward floating, they not only understood that they needed to use the stones to raise the water level, but also the best stone to use. Rooks show the ability to work together to receive a reward; though having no preference for working as a group compared to working alone. and also seem to possess an elementary notion of gravity. "

I'm not fresh with the reading on corvids outside my area of bias, but this paper's abtract mentions the relevance of chimps, who are thought to not 'understand' how the trap works due to lack of "a priori theoretical concepts (such as gravity) to mediate their use of tools" "Recently, Seed et al. (2006) tested eight rooks (Corvus frugileus} with a modified version of the trap tube, the two-trap tube task. " and that half the test subjects "rapidly mastered the problem and transferred the solution to a visually and conceptually similar task" (which apes are not so good at) Shall I keep going? cygnis insignis 19:05, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I restored the GA version, but that may have wiped another improvement. I did not see the seemingly arbitrary removal of information as an improvement eg. // Edit via Wikiplus/Trivia. I think I can fill the redlink, and bring some more weight with references for verifiability and notability, cygnis insignis 18:38, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes, do! Cwmhiraeth (talk) 19:15, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I need to deep dive the literature, for a comparison of how they rate with other smart birds, Gisella Kaplan is a leading researcher. Birds tend to outperform mammals, so they are a good comparative test subject and I think this species is one of the best studied, great apes are only quite intelligent for mammals (humans have other advantages that skew measures of intelligence, not sure if they have been compared to corvids). I have a strange story about magpies, and another about crows, but that is pers comm and irrelevant here :-) cygnis insignis 19:42, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I am tired and about to sleep, but my thinking is veering keep. Need to read it properly tomorrow Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 15:25, 23 June 2019 (UTC)

external links modified
Just added a link to educational article with a video about Rook. I think would be very interesting for kids (video) and adults — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mark.barkan (talk • contribs) 09:32, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rook (bird)