text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tony Collette

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. JeremyA 04:57, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Tony Collette
Non-notable User:Luigi30 (Ταλκ) 03:23, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; I almost speedied it, but I don't think vanity pages qualify for speedying. Antandrus (talk)  03:25, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Wait a minute. A level 53 human paladin? Surely that qualifies for Wikifame (or what hope do I have?). --Tysto 03:29, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)
 * Delete and why not speedy? We all know that no one is going to vote to keep this for legitimate reasons. -- Barfooz  (talk)  03:53, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Policy is here: Deletion policy -- vanity articles are supposed to go through the VfD process.  I seem to remember a squabble over changing the policy a few months ago, but it was decided not to make vanity speediable. Antandrus  (talk)  03:58, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The poll is at Wikipedia:Proposal_to_expand_WP:CSD/Proposal_III_%28Vanity_articles%29. It failed with only 44% support while 80% was needed to pass. Basically many users preferred see ten blatant vanity articles go through a long VfD process and finally get deleted, in order to save the one article which looked like vanity but actually was notable. But this is clearly vanity, even with a level 53 human paladin, so delete from me. Sjakkalle (Check!) 06:48, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC) Redirect to Toni Collette is perhaps a better option yes. Sjakkalle  (Check!)  11:43, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * In practice things like this do get speedied a lot, it fits under the "no claim to notability" criterion being proposed on the vfd talk page. Kappa 07:26, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and recreate as a redirect to Toni Collette. RickK 05:43, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and redirect like RickK said. jni 06:59, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Toni Collette. JamesBurns 09:28, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Toni Collette. A common enough misspelling. Mgm|(talk) 11:41, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per RickK This link is Broken 16:27, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. 53 isn't even maxed out, is it?

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Tueller Drill

The Tueller Drill is a self-defense training exercise to prepare against a short-range knife or melee attack when armed only with a holstered handgun.

Sergeant Dennis Tueller of the Salt Lake City Police Department wondered how quickly an attacker with a knife, or other melee weapon, could cover 21 ft, so he timed volunteers as they raced to stab the target. He determined that it could be done in 1.5 seconds. These results were first published as an article in SWAT magazine in 1983 and in a police training video by the same title, "How Close Is Too Close?"

A defender with a weapon has a dilemma. If he shoots too early, he risks being accused of murder. If he waits until the attacker is definitely within striking range so there is no question about motives, he risks injury and even death. The Tueller experiments quantified a "danger zone" where an attacker presented a clear threat.

The Tueller Drill combines both parts of the original time trials by Tueller. There are several ways it can be conducted:

 * 1) The (simulated) attacker and shooter are positioned back-to-back. At the signal, the "attacker" sprints away from the shooter, and the shooter unholsters his gun and shoots at the target 21 ft in front of him. The attacker stops as soon as the shot is fired. The shooter is successful only if his shot is good and if the runner did not cover 21 ft.
 * 2) A more stressful arrangement is to have the attacker begin 21 ft behind the shooter and run towards the shooter. The shooter is successful only if he was able take a good shot before he is tapped on the back by the attacker.
 * 3) If the shooter is armed with only a training replica gun, a full-contact drill may be done with the attacker running towards the shooter. In this variation, the shooter should practice side-stepping the attacker while he is drawing the gun.

MythBusters covered the drill in the 2012 episode "Duel Dilemmas". At 20 ft, the gun-wielder was able to shoot the charging knife attacker just as he reached the shooter. At shorter distances the knife wielder was always able to stab prior to being shot.

The "21-foot rule" has been implemented in some police department policies, and was the focus of a dissent in the excessive force case BUCHANAN v. CITY OF SAN JOSE where police officers shot a knife wielding person at a distance of 55 feet.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tueller Drill


text:
Talk:The Two Coreys

Consider deleting - duplicate
What is the point of this page? They each have their own page and the show with this title has its own as well. 2601:601:1600:5F70:2A67:83C:2C98:2B37 (talk) 06:24, 17 August 2022 (UTC)

 * It seems like a fair question given the current state of the page. If nobody responds with an answer you find satisfactory, you may want to look into WP:Proposed deletion. DonIago (talk) 12:22, 17 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Two Coreys


text:
Talk:Facial (sexual act)

hey
Hi I would love to know more about this 2601:441:8202:DA70:A4A7:5FD5:6220:5214 (talk) 03:22, 23 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I hear you man. Give it a read. Zanahary (talk) 22:03, 31 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Facial (sexual act)


text:
Talk:Doxy (Theology)

Doxy is also Jazz piece by Sonny Rollins. --Thydzik 09:53, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Appropriate?
Is this article really appropriate? It seems more like a dictionary entry, if even that. 192.82.6.39 06:03, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Doxy (Theology)


text:
Talk:Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (book)

Newt Scamander's categories
I see that the Newt Scamander section has some categories. Unless I am mistaken, and the categories are just buggily coded, I don't belive article sections can have categories of their own -- the rules don't say they can't, but they don't say they can, either. Right now the article is showing up incorrectly on the category entries for Category:Fictional writers. I'll remove those cats. Deborah-jl Talk 04:54, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

How much goes to charity?
It says near the top of that page that 80% of the profits go to charity, then at the bottom of "the Fictional Book" it says "only 20% goes to charity, not 80% as stated above"

Was this added as spam? And if not, which one is true? Someone please fix this.
 * I've checked the book, it says 20%. John Reaves 22:39, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I found here|here that Jo says that they will give about 80%... Either she was estimating, over-exagerating, or something else...  I don't know.  Could someone clear this up?  76.188.26.92 00:33, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Post scriptum: to passages are quoted below by her, saying 80%:

"Everyone who would usually take a cut from the book is giving their services for free and they're donating what would've been their proceeds to Comic Relief which means booksellers, paper suppliers, publishers and my royalties, everything will be going to Comic Relief, over 80% of the cover price will be going to Comic Relief." -J.K. Rowling, 12Mar.A.D.2001

"I would say that you will be doing real magic by buying these books, you will have in your power by parting with £2.50, or whatever it might be in your particular country, to transform other children's lives because the money you hand over, over 80% of it will go to the neediest children in the poorest parts of the world. So there is probably never a better thing to spend your pocket money on." -J.K. Rowling, 12Mar.A.D.2001

I'm confused... 76.188.26.92 00:33, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

More categories
This book belongs to two more categories: Books by fictional authors, and books written in an in-universe style. That is to say, it matches up quite nicely with Bad Twin, a book from the Lost universe which was part of an Alternate reality game. Both books had fictional authors, and both were written as if the book itself was from the world it purports to describe. --205.201.141.146 21:31, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Errata Section & Doodling
I have added a brief errata section to this article and I'll expand on it if I find anything else. Seltzer100 09:53, 25 September 2007 (UTC)Seltzer100

Do you guys think that a doodling section containing a list of all the doodles in Harry's version of the book is a good idea? It would almost double the size of the article and it could be breaching copyright, but it is of interest. I'll add it if it's proposed as feasible. Seltzer100 09:53, 25 September 2007 (UTC)Seltzer100

It's OK. As long as it's called "Errata" and not "Trivia" no one will jump on it. However, the doodles are part of the published book, it's pointless to list every one of them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.8.57.46 (talk) 17:14, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Fantastic beasts.JPG
Image:Fantastic beasts.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:57, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

sources story-wise
Newt Scamander describes the various beasts in rather slim pockets of text, almost as condensed stories, summing up a few things about its appearance, its habitat, behaviour and so on. A similar formula is often used in Medieval bestiaries, which I think would be useful in shedding light upon the way the book is structured and how Rowling wrote this book. Would it be sensible to enter this aspect into the article? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.125.176.95 (talk) 13:33, 30 June 2010 (UTC)

Sourcing
Replaced the original Facebook source given re:movie with a Wall Street Journal source, as I believe Facebook is not considered a reliable source by Wikipedia. I figured no one would argue with the WSJ being cited. 68.146.70.124 (talk) 14:37, 12 September 2013 (UTC)

Movie
I recently undid an edit claiming that they will be making a movie about this book. We should probably add a section on said movie given that it seems to be supported by many reliable sources. It appears Rowling will be the screenwriter. Jinkinson (talk) 20:37, 12 September 2013 (UTC)

Whoops, it's already there and already has its very own page. Guess I just didn't notice. Jinkinson (talk) 20:46, 12 September 2013 (UTC)

Sales Figures Don't Add Up
This and the Quidditch Through the Ages pages claim that together, these books have earned over 17 million pounds, while the numbers in the sidebar only add up to about a million. Damienivan (talk) 04:18, 15 October 2014 (UTC)

NOT a film adaptation
Rather, the movie is purported to be Scamander's "making of". 46.173.12.68 (talk) 07:42, 13 April 2015 (UTC)

Film adaptation
Now that there is a film adaptation dedicated article, this section should be reduced and simplified. Hektor (talk) 13:27, 18 August 2015 (UTC)

Use of the word "the" in the introduction
"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2001 book written by British author J. K. Rowling..."

Though the sentence as it stands is understandable, it reflects an abbreviated news style and is somewhat less encyclopedic. A similar issue was brought up at the MOS talk page, but was more succinctly discussed by the user SMcCandlish here. Sorry if I come across as bit cheeky on this, but I regard it as an inoffensive change and a simple improvement, which is why I'm sometimes bewildered by such staunch opposition. Jg2904 (talk) 21:30, 13 April 2016 (UTC)

— SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  21:57, 13 April 2016 (UTC)
 * This seems to be what we're talking about, the removal of "the" before "British author". It's not grammatically, but I agree it reads more smoothly as "...written by the British author J. K. Rowling".  There is no possibility that anyone could assume we were trying to say there is only one British author, since a) that would be silly, and b) such an assertion would require a comma, as in: "the British monarch, Elizabeth II" (which is correct in modern context, e.g. side-by-side reference to her and several other current world leaders; "the British monarch Elizabeth II" also works, in a historical context with other British monarchs like Henry V; just "British monarch Elizabeth II" is contextually vague and headline-ish: "BRITISH MONARCH ELIZABETH II TO VISIT WHITE HOUSE ON TUE.").  Compressing our text so that it reads like a newspaper headline is neither necessary nor desirable, including in the lead.  Leads should be summarizing, but never so concise as to be awkward. A general principle here is that editors' attempts to improve an article should not be reverted unless they do violence to it; adding "the" here is harmless and a minor improvement. PS: My concern about "the" at Talk:Lauren Lapkus was that the exact construction there was using it to imply " Chris Alvarado" like he was remarkably notable, when he's not notable at all AFAIK. That issue doesn't arise here; one of the best-selling authors in history is clearly notable. And the constructions aren't parallel to begin with; if the author of this were not notable but the book were for some reason, the "the" wouldn't imply the author was special in this case.
 * Thanks for the input, SMcCandlish. Any thoughts, ScrapIronIV? Jg2904 (talk) 19:05, 14 April 2016 (UTC)
 * My instincts are usually good, but I do occasionally make mistakes. In this context, both "British" and "author" perform as adjectives. "Author" in this case is a noun adjunct (or a noun describing another noun, behaving as an adjective) and the article becomes unnecessary.  Remove the adjectives, and you are left with "the J. K. Rowling" which is patently incorrect.  All of that being said, I will always defer to consensus.  Scr ★ pIron IV 19:22, 14 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Real language doesn't work like computer language. Put it this way: You are at the SPCA to pick out a puppy. They have a big room where people can interact with them, and there are 20 puppies in there, of which 12 are brown. After half an hour, a volunteer there asks if you picked one out, and you say, "yes, I want the white poodle, Sparky. The brown bulldog Floppy bit me, and the brown terrier Puddles peed on my leg, while the others don't seem like my kind of dog."  You don't say "... Brpwn bulldog Floppy bit me, and brown terrier Puddles peed on my leg."  The "the" is syntactically expected, even if, were you a mechanical algorithm processor, you might conclude that it was redundant. Only in "telegraphic writing", such as in actual old-school telegrams, or in mdoern text messages, and news headlines, do we drop the "the". A large number of features of all natural languages are redundant, and they've evolved this way on purpose to make communication and understanding more certain. It's a form of wetware error detection and correction, a brain "bio-computer" version of check digits and the like.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  04:46, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
 * In each of these cases you cite, the comma is, in fact, required. As you used "the white poodle, Sparky" you would also use the "he brown bulldog, Floppy" and "the brown terrier, Puddles" - syntactically, there is no difference in usage or punctuation. In these cases you are using the name (Sparky, Floppy, Puddles) as a clarifying noun; poodle, bulldog and terrier are the active nouns in the phrase.  In the case of Rowling, author is not the noun; rather, it is an adjunct noun or adjectival noun. While they occupy the same position in their respective phrases, their function is different and different rules apply.  Scr ★ pIron IV 14:23, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

Graduated or expelled
The book says that Newt graduated from Hogwarts. The film says he was expelled. It is my belief that we should use the book's version of events in this article while including an appropriate note about the conflicting story told in the film. Elizium23 (talk) 03:14, 22 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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text: Talk:Fawkes

title: Talk:Fawkes


text:
Talk:Consociationalism

Formatting

 * I only started wikifying this pages, alot more work to go. Especially for rewriting alot of the criticism paragraphs to make more sense. --EatAlbertaBeef 03:30, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I have changed this from wikification to copy-editing.--EatAlbertaBeef 22:04, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

copyedit +/- done -- needs content work
Interesting! I learned some stuff while working on it. So the grammer is now pretty much together. Some content suggestions for someone who is more familiar with this subject.

 * Explain "accommodation"
 * Define "stable democracy"
 * Citations! Especially for the criticism sections and for quotes.
 * When did Lijphart forulate the theory?
 * In the Other Crit. section, who said what? Then give citations.
 * I removed Calif./Alaska example -- find one from a consociationist society?
 * What does "survival of arrangement" mean? Clarify and add descriptors to Goals section.
 * Rewrite Positives section.
 * Did I mention, Citations!

Psora 04:30, 27 Jun 2005 (UTC)

If anyone is at a university, a lot of the pertinent articles can be found on the JSTOR database. Especially Lijphart's original Consociational Democracy articles from the 1960s, and even some of his more recent publications (1990s). ProQuest is another good way to get a hold of some of his stuff, especially the more recent work. I wrote a fairly extensive case study analysis of Consociational Theory for a graduate poli sci seminar about 7 months ago. When the quarter is over, I could take another look at my sources and try to include some appropriate quotes and citations.

 * I think we could best merge & move this article to the non-existence article Consensus democracy (Arend Lijphart), because that term would be more encompassing. We could base the article on Patterns of Democracy and earlier works of Lijphart, which I happen to be surrounded by. I actually am in the process of writing an article on Patterns of Democracy & consensus democracy and have a relatively short and useful introduction nearby. C mon 16:50, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

Pronunciation?
How is it pronounced? Is it like Association, with Con replacing the initial A? then alism? --Red King (talk) 19:54, 25 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Correct. Cordless Larry (talk) 15:10, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

My Whole Edit Summary Inwhole That I Did Not Get Enough Room To Fill Out
The reason I tagged clarify is that the "of" beside clarify does not explain if the politcal practitioners invented this, and the academic experts did not (apropo, "from") (academic experts did not invent this eariler); or does it mean that academic experts invented this, but that these academic experts did not know that politcal practitioners invented this, and vice versa.96.53.149.117 (talk) 04:33, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Given that it's a quotation there's not much I can see that we can do to clarify. Cordless Larry (talk) 17:13, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

UK? federation?
Since devolution in 1999 in the United Kindom, in which Scotland and Wales were granted their own parliament and assembly respectivly, Britain has been considered by some as a consociational democracy, although England and other areas like Cornwall have yet to receive their own indepedent parliament or assembly.--24.126.188.244 (talk) 03:00, 29 October 2010 (UTC)
 * There's a difference betwen federalism and consociationalism, although the latter often involves the former. When you say "considered by some", do you have any sources? Cordless Larry (talk) 07:52, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

Definition
Wikipedia articles should start with the definition of the thing they talk about. This one doesn't. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.110.29.67 (talk) 21:49, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

Example - Province of Canada - an example surely?
I'm surprised that the Province of Canada from 1841 to 1867 isn't listed as an example. A quick scan of the literature suggests that the first example was in 1917 in the Netherlands. So what am I missing here - given the obvious parallels of Canada's Joint Premiers to Northern Ireland's First Minister and deputy First Minister. Obviously we can't list it, without any literature supporting this. Nfitz (talk) 17:18, 14 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Yes, that does look like consociationalism given the double majority system. Let's look for citations. Bondegezou (talk) 20:24, 14 June 2017 (UTC)

Edits on 30 November and 1 December
An IP editor (not signed on) has twice edited the article to delete properly cited material without any explanation, has made opinionated (though arguably true but uncited) comments about Lebanon, and has added a long OpEd about Colombia that was unsupported by citations. I have reverted in each occasion per wp:BRD.

I invite the editor to stop the wp:edit war and use this talk page to make the case for the changes they want to make. Provided that the changes are supported by citation and proportionately sized, there should be no issue. --Red King (talk) 09:37, 1 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Consociationalism


text:
Firpo Marberry

Frederick "Firpo" Marberry (November 30, 1898 – June 30, 1976) was an American right-handed starting and relief pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1923 to 1936, most notably with the Washington Senators. The sport's first prominent reliever, he has been retroactively credited as having been the first pitcher to record 20 saves in a season, the first to make 50 relief appearances in a season or 300 in a career, and the only pitcher to lead the major leagues in saves six times. Since relief pitching was still seen as a lesser calling in a time when starters were only removed when clearly ineffective, Marberry also started 187 games in his career, posting a 94–52 record as a starter for a .644 winning percentage. He pitched in later years for the Detroit Tigers (1933–1935) and New York Giants (1936) before ending his career in Washington.

Career overview
Born in Streetman, Texas, Marberry became well-known around the majors for the scowl he seemed to constantly have on his face that sometimes frightened batters; his appearance and demeanor reminded observers of boxer Luis Firpo, earning Marberry the nickname for which he often expressed disdain.

Marberry began his major league career with the Senators. When he first came up in August 1923, Marberry was effective in $44 2⁄3$ innings pitched for the remainder of the season. He went 4–0 that year, proving himself ready for the pros. An 11–12 season with a 3.09 ERA came the year after, which might have seemed fairly average in that era were it not for Marberry's relief work, which saw him save 15 games – a new major league record, although it was not realized at the time. Marberry's role was crucial in helping the Senators reach the World Series for the first time in franchise history.

In the 1924 World Series against the Giants, Marberry was thrown into a difficult situation in his first appearance; after the Senators had taken a 3–1 lead going into the 9th inning of Game 2 at Griffith Stadium, starter Tom Zachary allowed the Giants to score twice to tie the game. Marberry came in to strike out Travis Jackson to end the inning, and the Senators scored in the bottom of the ninth to tie the Series; Zachary was credited with the win, although modern rules would have credited it to Marberry. The next day, Marberry started Game 3 at the Polo Grounds, but allowed two unearned runs in the second inning, was pulled for a pinch hitter in the top of the fourth while trailing 3–1, and was charged with the loss. He rebounded in Game 4 the next day, however, entering in the eighth inning with a 7–2 lead and closing out the victory to again tie the Series.

In Game 7 at Griffith Stadium, Marberry entered with two men on base and no one out in the sixth inning, leading 1–0. Although the Giants scored three times in the inning, two of the runs were unearned, and Marberry effectively shut the Giants down through top of the eighth, being pulled for a pinch hitter as the Senators tied the score in the bottom of the inning. Legendary Walter Johnson came in for the ninth inning, and redeemed himself after two losses in the Series by shutting out New York for four innings; the Senators scored in the bottom of the 12th to take what would be the only World Series title in Senators history. Marberry ended the Series with a 1.12 ERA in four games.

Marberry again saved 15 games in 1925 to tie his own record as the Senators won their second consecutive pennant. But although he allowed no runs in two appearances, Washington dropped the Series to the Pittsburgh Pirates, again going seven games. Marberry had an excellent year in 1926, breaking his own record again with 22 saves and posting a 3.00 ERA, the lowest of his career (besides his brief 1923 season) in an era which strongly favored hitters. He also took over the major league record for career saves, with 52. After two subpar seasons, he came back in 1929 to again lead the American League with 11 saves, while also winning a career-high 19 to finish fourth in the AL.

Marberry was never a full-time starter, but was often considered one of the few great pitchers who could go back and forth from the bullpen to being a starter, since there were so few of his era. In 1930 and 1931, Marberry was employed primarily as a starter, and posted an overall record of 31–9 for the two seasons. In 1931, showcasing his talents as both a starter (25 starts), and a reliever (20 appearances), he posted a 16–4 record with a 3.45 ERA (fifth in the league) and 88 strikeouts. While he recorded 11 complete games and one shutout as a starter, he also had seven saves, and finished 13th in MVP voting (Lefty Grove won the award).

After again leading the league in saves in 1932, for the fifth and last time, he was traded to Detroit on December 14. With the Tigers, Marberry posted a record of 31–16 in 1933. After appearing in only five games for Detroit in 1935, Marberry was offered a job as an AL umpire, and he did serve in that capacity for the remainder of the season, though never in a Washington game. He made a single relief appearance for the Giants in 1936 before ending his career on June 10 in Washington, D.C.

On May 6, 1934, Marberry allowed a record-tying four consecutive triples to the Boston Red Sox. The four hitters were Carl Reynolds, Moose Solters, Rick Ferrell, and Bucky Walters.

In a 14-season career, Marberry had a lifetime record of 148–88 with a 3.63 ERA in 551 games (187 starts), accumulating 86 complete games and seven shutouts. He struck out 822 batters in $2067 1⁄3$ innings pitched. His career records of 364 relief appearances and 101 saves – both more than double the previous records – were surpassed by Jack Russell in 1940 and Johnny Murphy in 1946 respectively. The save was created as a pitching statistic in the 1960s, and later research was done to identify saves earned in the past.

As a hitter, Marberry posted a .192 batting average (128-for-668) with 60 runs, 21 doubles, 3 triples, one home run, 65 RBI and 22 bases on balls in 551 games. He finished his career with a .965 fielding percentage.

Later in life Marberry owned a car dealership in Mexia and also lost his left arm in an automobile accident. Marberry died of a stroke at age 77 in Mexia, Texas, and was buried in Birdston Cemetery near Streetman.

Highlights

 * Top 10 in the American League in wins, five times (1929, '30, '31, '33, '34)
 * Top 6 in the league in ERA, four times (1924, '29, '31, '33)
 * Led the league in saves, five times (1924, '25, '26, '29, '32); in the top 10 four more times (1927, '28, '31, '34)
 * Led the league in games, six times (1924, '25, '26, '28, '29, '32), and led the league in games finished, four times (1924, '25, '26, '28)

title: Firpo Marberry


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Geoffrey Bell

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. JeremyA 05:09, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Geoffrey Bell
Delete. Another obvious vanity article that, unfortunately, can't be speedied. A и D я 01D TALK  EMAIL  03:30, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- "Obsessed with Wikipedia"? Well, he's not all bad. --Tysto 03:40, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)
 * Delete and why not speedy? We all know that no one is going to vote to keep this for legitimate reasons. -- Barfooz  (talk)  03:53, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Patent vanity. jni 07:00, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Another vanity article of a non-notable high school student. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 09:09, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 09:29, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete insufferable vanity. --Etacar11 17:06, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Insufferable? Probably. Knows it all? Probably not.  216.158.31.195 17:12, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Okay, they say not to give your full name out over the internet, but I regret to inform you that this is about me.  I had nothing to do with its creation; my friend did that without telling me first (my response: "I'm gonna list it on Votes for Deletion!").  I'll add that it's all true, and that I hope I won't always be non-notable ;-) --Theaterfreak64 21:31, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * In that case, have your friend slap a  on it. There's no reason to keep this around. (Also, tell your "friend" that posting personal information about you under your real name really ought to be your decision.)  A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  21:58, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps I should have mentioned that, upon hearing about it, another of my friends came along and added the second paragraph. Any ideas? --Theaterfreak64 23:25, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * I guess this one gets to wait it out, then. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  23:42, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NeoJustin 02:22, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Err, the speedy tag goes on the article, and the one I suggested above no longer applies, because more than one editor has contributed to the article's content. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  01:51, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User talk:Macarenabootie

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Longhair | Talk 03:32, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Vandalism on User talk:TheCustomOfLife
Please do not vandalize other users' talk pages like that. This edit was completely inappropriate, and was promptly reverted. If you continue such behaviour, I will have to block you, so please try to work cooperatively with other editors rather than sinking to such a low level.

Thank you for your anticipated cooperation. -Frazzydee|✍ 03:34, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Macarenabootie


text: User talk:68.6.119.67

title: User talk:68.6.119.67


text:
Talk:Hedwig (Harry Potter)

Previously redirected to: Talk:Magical creatures in Harry Potter

title: Talk:Hedwig (Harry Potter)


text: Talk:Nagini

title: Talk:Nagini


text:
Aaron Douglas (actor)

Aaron Douglas (born August 23, 1971) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his role as Galen Tyrol on the Sci Fi Channel's television program Battlestar Galactica.

He headlined on the CTV drama The Bridge, which was also picked up by CBS for broadcast in the United States. Douglas played Frank Leo, a charismatic police union leader who is simultaneously battling criminals on the street while facing down corruption within the ranks of his own department. CBS ordered thirteen episodes, which began production in May 2009 but the series was dropped after just three episodes had been aired. Douglas starred alongside fellow Battlestar Galactica actor Paul Campbell in a Syfy original movie, Killer Mountain, which premiered August 27, 2011.

Early life
Aaron Douglas was born in New Westminster, a suburb of Vancouver, British Columbia. His father, Michael Douglas, is a professor and his mother, Arlene Elliot, is a psychologist. He has a brother Chris, who is four years his junior. The family lived in Vancouver until Douglas was 10, at which time they moved to a town in the interior of the province of British Columbia, Creston, where he attended Prince Charles Secondary School as a teenager and acted in school productions, played in a rock band and participated in community theater. At age 26, he quit his job and moved back to Vancouver to pursue a career in acting. He studied at Canada's famed William Davis Centre for Actors Study at VanArts.

After completing the program at VanArts, Douglas performed with the Okanagan Shakespeare Company in Canada. Many of his early acting jobs were the result of his work as a "reader" for auditions. His job was to read the other side of the dialogue for the person auditioning for a role. Often, after the audition was finished, the director would turn to him and say something like, "You know that cop role with three lines, do you want to do it?", he began building his resume off those small parts.

Personal life
On November 1, 2004, Douglas' wife Debbie died from breast cancer. He has a son, Taylor, from a previous relationship, born in 1996.

Douglas has a love of hockey and has been on skates since he was two years old. He still plays hockey as an adult, usually as a goalie. He is a Vancouver Canucks fan and can usually be found at home games screaming at the referees along with friends and fellow Sci-Fi alums Daniel Bacon, Dan Payne, and Ryan Robbins. He is also an avid fan of Wil Wheaton from Star Trek: The Next Generation. Aaron has admitted to going "fangirl" on him when meeting him for the first time at a convention in 2008. He is also a self-confessed fan of The Ricky Gervais Show.

Awards and nominations
At the 2013 Canadian Screen Awards Douglas was nominated for best TV series dramatic guest performance for his role in the TV series Flashpoint, episode: "Day Game".

title: Aaron Douglas (actor)


text:
Ziziphus mauritiana

Ziziphus mauritiana, also known as Indian jujube, Indian plum, Chinese date, Chinee apple, ber and dunks is a tropical fruit tree species belonging to the family Rhamnaceae. It is often confused with the closely related Chinese jujube (Z. jujuba), but whereas Z. jujuba prefers temperate climates, Z. mauritiana is tropical to subtropical.

Ziziphus mauritiana is a spiny, evergreen shrub or small tree up to 15 m high, with trunk 40 cm or more in diameter; spreading crown; stipular spines and many drooping branches. The fruit is of variable shape and size. It can be oval, obovate, oblong or round, and can be 1-2.5 in (2.5-6.25 cm) long, depending on the variety. The flesh is white and crisp. When slightly underipe, this fruit is a bit juicy and has a pleasant aroma. The fruit's skin is smooth, glossy, thin but tight.

The species is believed to have originated in Indo-Malaysian region of South and South-East Asia. It is now widely naturalised throughout the Old World tropics from Southern Africa through the Middle East to the Indian subcontinent and China, Indomalaya, and into Australasia and the Pacific Islands. While the Rhamnaceae family are considered nitrogen fixing trees, Ziziphus mauritiana can form dense stands and become invasive in some areas, including Fiji and Australia, and has become a serious environmental weed in Northern Australia. It is a fast-growing tree with a medium lifespan, that can quickly reach up to 10–40 ft (3 to 12 m) tall.

Botany

Ziziphus mauritiana is a medium-sized tree that grows vigorously and has a rapidly developing taproot, a necessary adaptation to drought conditions. The species varies widely in height, from a bushy shrub 1.5 to 2 m tall, to a tree 10 to 12 m tall with a trunk diameter of about 30 cm. Z. mauritiana may be erect or wide-spreading, with gracefully drooping thorny branches, zigzag branchlets, thornless or set with short, sharp straight or hooked spines.

The leaves are of different size with ovate or elliptic shape with rounded apex, with 3 depressed longitudinal veins at the base. The size (length x width) of the leaves from the tender to senescent states ranges, ~4.7 cm x 2.5 cm - 9.6 cm x 7.3 cm. The upper side (adaxial) of the leaves displays a deep green hue with an oily surface, while the lower side (abaxial) covered with micro-fibers surface. The fiber diameter of matted abaxial leaf surface ranges, ~5.6 to 7.1 micrometers. Recently, Mahesh Chandra Dubey, reported that the micro-fibrous surface morphology of the abaxial leaf surface exhibits superhydrophobicity and contributes to the "cool roof" characteristics of the leaves.

The flowers are tiny, yellow, 5-petalled and are usually in twos and threes in the leaf axils. Flowers are white or greenish white and the fruits are orange to brown, 2–3 cm long, with edible white pulp surrounding a 2-locular pyrene.

This quick growing tree starts producing fruits within three years. The fruit is a soft, juicy, drupe that is 2.5 cm diameter, though in some cultivars the fruit size may reach up to 6.25 cm long and 4.5 cm wide. The form may be oval, obovate, round or oblong; the skin smooth or rough, glossy, thin but tough. The fruit ripen at different times even on a single tree. Fruits are first green, turning yellow as they ripen. The fully mature fruit is entirely red, soft, juicy with wrinkled skin and has a pleasant aroma. The ripe fruit is sweet and sour in taste. Both flesh texture and taste are reminiscent of apples. When under ripe the flesh is white and crispy, acid to subacid to sweet in taste. Fully ripe fruits are less crisp and somewhat mealy; overripe fruits are wrinkled, the flesh buff-coloured, soft, spongy and musky. At first the aroma is apple like and pleasant but it becomes peculiarly musky when overripe. There is a single, hard, oval or oblate, rough central stone which contains 2 elliptic, brown seeds, 1/4 in (6mm) long.

Ecology
Ziziphus mauritiana is a hardy tree that copes with extreme temperatures and thrives under rather dry conditions with an annual rainfall of 6 to 88.5 in (15–225 cm). In Fiji, sometimes naturalised Ber trees grow along roadsides and in agricultural land, usually near sea level but occasionally up to an elevation of about 600 m. It also grows well on laterite, medium black soils with good drainage, or sandy, gravelly, alluvial soil of dry river-beds where it is vigorously spontaneous. In Australia, this species grows on a wide variety of soil types, including cracking clays, solodic soils and deep alluvials, in the tropics and sub-tropics where the average annual rainfall is in the range 470-1200mm. In the drier parts of this range, it grows best in riparian zones. Commercial cultivation usually extends up to 1000 m. Beyond this elevation trees do not perform well, and cultivation becomes less economical.

The tree has a high tolerance to both water-logging and drought and can grow where annual rainfall ranges from 125 to 2,225 mm, but is more widespread in areas with an annual rainfall of 300 to 500 mm. In China and India, wild trees are found up to an elevation of 5,400 ft (1,650 m). In India, the minimum shade temperature for survival is 7–13° and the maximum temperature is 50 °C. Studies report that this species flourishes in alkaline soils with a pH as high as 9.2. However, deep sandy loam to loamy soils with neutral or slightly alkaline pH are considered optimum for growth. In India, the tree grows best on sandy loam, neutral or slightly alkaline.

Reproductive biology
Some cultivars attain anthesis early in the morning, others do so later in the day. The flowers are protandrous. Hence, fruit set depends on cross-pollination by insects attracted by the fragrance and nectar. Pollen of the Indian jujube is thick and heavy. It is not airborne but is transferred from flower to flower by honeybees. The flowers are pollinated by ants and other insects, and in the wild state the trees do not set fruits by self-pollination. Best propagates by seeds, seedlings, direct sowing, root suckers as well as by cuttings. Ber seeds are spread by birds, native animals, stock, feral pigs and humans who eat the fruit and expel the seeds. Seeds may remain viable for 2½ years but the rate of germination declines with age. Cross-incompatibility occurs, and cultivars have to be matched for good fruit set; some cultivars produce good crops parthenocarpically.

Propagation

Ziziphus mauritiana is one of the two Ziziphus species that have considerable horticulture importance, the other being Chinese jujube (Z. jujuba). Indian jujube (Z. mauritiana) is more tropical, whereas Chinese jujube is a more cold hardy species.

In India, there are 90 or more cultivars, varying in the habit of the tree; leaf shape; fruit form, size, color, flavor and keeping quality; and fruiting season. Among the important cultivars, eleven are described in the encyclopaedic Wealth of India: 'Banarasi (or Banarsi) Pewandi', 'Dandan', 'Kaithli' ('Patham'), 'Muria Mahrara', 'Narikelee', 'Nazuk', 'Sanauri 1', 'Sanauri 5', 'Thornless' and 'Umran' ('Umri'). The skin of most is smooth and greenish-yellow to yellow.

Propagation is most commonly from seed, where pretreatment is beneficial. Storage of the seed for 4 months to let it after-ripen improves germination. The hard stone restricts germination and cracking the shell or extraction of seeds hastens germination. Without pretreatment the seeds normally germinate within six weeks whereas extracted seeds only need one week to germinate.

Seedlings to be used as rootstock can be raised from seed. Several studies indicate that germination can be improved by soaking seeds in sulfuric acid. Germination time can also be shortened to 7 days by carefully cracking the endocarp. Ber seedlings do not tolerate transplanting, therefore the best alternatives are to sow the seeds directly in the field or to use polythene tubes placed in the nursery bed. Seedlings are ready for budding in 3 to 4 months. In addition, seedlings from the wild cultivars can be converted into improved cultivars by top-working and grafting. Nurseries are used for large scale seedling multiplication and graft production. The seedlings should also be given full light. The seedlings may need as long as 15 months in the nursery before planting in the field.

Scientists in India have standardised propagation techniques for Ber establishment. Budding is the easiest method of vegetative propagation used for improved cultivars. Different types of budding techniques have been utilised with ring-budding and shield-budding being the most successful. Wild varieties of ber are usually used as the root-stock. The most common being Z. rotundifolia in India and Z. spina-christi in Africa.

Season and harvesting
Plants are capable of seed production once they reach a height of about 1 metre. Wild-growing plants in northern Australia may take 8 years to reach this size. In Australia, plants growing under natural conditions are capable of producing seeds once they reach a height of about 1m. Plants between 1 and 2m high produce, on average, less than five fruits per season. Large plants (>5m high) can produce 5000 or more fruits in a single season.

In India, some types ripen as early as October, others from mid-February to mid-March, others in March, or mid-March, to the end of April. In the Assiut Governorate, there are 2 crops a year, the main in early spring, the second in the fall. In India the trees flower in July to October and fruits are formed soon after. In February–March the fruits are mature and in some places a second crop is produced in the fall. Pickings are done by hand from ladders and about 110 lbs (50 kg)is harvested per day. The fruits remaining on the tree are shaken down. Only fully mature fruits are picked directly from the tree. They are transported in open bags to avoid fermentation.

Seedling trees bear 5,000 to 10,000 small fruits per year in India. Superior grafted trees may yield as many as 30,000 fruits. The best cultivar in India, with fruits normally averaging 30 to the lb (66 to the kg), yields 175 lbs (77 kg) annually. Special cultural treatment increases both fruit size and yield.

World production and yield
The major production regions for Indian jujube are the arid and semi arid regions of India. From 1984 to 1995 with improved cultivars the production was 0.9 million tonnes on a land of 88,000 ha. The crop is also grown in Pakistan, Bangladesh and parts of Africa. Trees in northern India yield 80 to 200 kg of fresh fruit/tree/year when the trees are in their prime bearing age of 10–20 years.

Uses
The fruit is eaten raw, pickled or used in beverages. It is quite nutritious and rich in vitamin C. It is second only to guava and much higher than citrus or apples. In India, the ripe fruits are mostly consumed raw, but are sometimes stewed. Slightly underripe fruits are candied by a process of pricking, immersing in a salt solution. Ripe fruits are preserved by sun-drying and a powder is prepared for out-of-season purposes. It contains 20 to 30% sugar, up to 2.5% protein and 12.8% carbohydrates. Fruits are also eaten in other forms, such as dried, candied, pickled, as juice, or as ber butter. In Ethiopia, the fruits are used to stupefy fish.

The leaves are readily eaten by camels, cattle and goats and are considered nutritious.

In India and Queensland, the flowers are rated as a minor source of nectar for honeybees. The honey is light and of fair flavor.

Ber timber is hard, strong, fine-grained, fine-textured, tough, durable, and reddish in colour. It has been used to line wells, to make legs for bedsteads, boat ribs, agricultural implements, tool handles, and other lathe-turned items. The branches are used as framework in house construction and the wood makes good charcoal with a heat content of almost 4,900 kcal per kg. In addition, this species is used as firewood in many areas. In tropical Africa, the flexible branches are wrapped as retaining bands around conical thatched roofs of huts, and are twined together to form thorny corral walls to retain livestock.

The fruits are applied on cuts and ulcers; are employed in pulmonary ailments and fevers; and, mixed with salt and chili peppers, are given in indigestion and biliousness. The dried ripe fruit is a mild laxative. The seeds are sedative and are taken, sometimes with buttermilk, to halt nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pains in pregnancy. They check diarrhea, and are poulticed on wounds. Mixed with oil, they are rubbed on rheumatic areas. The leaves are applied as poultices and are helpful in liver troubles, asthma and fever and, together with catechu, are administered when an astringent is needed, as on wounds. The bitter, astringent bark decoction is taken to halt diarrhea and dysentery and relieve gingivitis. The bark paste is applied on sores. The root is purgative. A root decoction is given as a febrifuge, taenicide and emmenagogue, and the powdered root is dusted on wounds. Juice of the root bark is said to alleviate gout and rheumatism. Strong doses of the bark or root may be toxic. An infusion of the flowers serves as an eye lotion.

The fatty-acid methyl ester of Z. mauritiana seed oil meets all of the major biodiesel requirements in the USA (ASTM D 6751-02, ASTM PS 121-99), Germany (DIN V 51606) and European Union (EN 14214). The average oil yield is 4.95 kg oil/tree or 1371 kg oil/hectare, and arid or semi-arid regions may be utilised due to its drought resistance.

Pests and diseases
The greatest enemies of the jujube are fruit flies. Some cultivars are much more susceptible than others, the flies preferring the largest, sweetest fruits. 100% of those may be attacked, while on a neighbouring tree bearing a smaller, less-sweet type, only 2% of the crop may be damaged. The larvae pupate in the soil and it has been found that treatment of the ground beneath the tree helps reduce the problem. Control is possible with regular and effective spraying of insecticide.

A leaf-eating caterpillar and the green slug caterpillar attack the foliage. Mites form scale-like galls on twigs, retarding growth and reducing the fruit crop. Lesser pests include the small caterpillar of Meridarchis scyrodes, that bores into the fruit.

The tree is subject to shrouding by a parasitic vine. Powdery mildew causes defoliation and fruit-drop, but it can be adequately controlled. Lesser diseases are sooty mould, brown rot and leaf-spot. Leafspot results from infestation by Cercospora spp. and Isariopsis indica var. zizyphi. In 1973, a witches'-broom disease caused by a mycoplasma-like organism was found in jujube plants near Poona University. It proved to be transmitted by grafting or budding diseased scions onto healthy Z. mauritiana seedlings. Leaf rust, caused by Phakopsora zizyphivulgaris, ranges from mild to severe on all commercial cultivars in the Punjab.

In storage, the fruits may be spotted by fungi. Fruit rots are caused by Fusarium spp., Nigrospora oryzae, Epicoccum nigrum, and Glomerella cingulata.

title: Ziziphus mauritiana


text:
User talk:Nicolelea

Image Tagging Image:0004.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:0004.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. --Spundun 03:37, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:004.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:004.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. --Spundun 03:39, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:0004.jpg
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:0004.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. Please go to its page for more information if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. MetsBot 20:03, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:004.jpg
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:004.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. Please go to its page for more information if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. MetsBot 20:03, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nicolelea


text:
Talk:Move Along

Fair use rationale for Image:Move Along The All American Rejects albumcover.jpg
Image:Move Along The All American Rejects albumcover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 23:34, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

no trivia sections!
removed the trivia section and integrated it with the bonus tracks section. minor grammar changes as well.

Where's the tracklist?
?!?!?! -- FishStik 23:07, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

power pop?
sure maybe but i think emo should be included in there as well. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.221.153.204 (talk) 06:31, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

Huh? Reference? We don't just think... we reference. Remember, WP:OR. Tag will be removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.211.221.52 (talk) 06:53, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Move Along


text:
Talk:Robert Morris (cryptographer)

Moving from Robert Tappan Morris Sr.
The current article probably misstates Dr. Morris's name. See this primary source by Dennis Ritchie, who knows Morris personally. The article refers to the same cryptographer as Bob (Robert H.) Morris.

http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/crypt.html

This article should probably be renamed to "Robert H. Morris" or "Robert H. Morris (cryptographer)". The identification of this Morris as "Robert Tappan Morris" is probably an incorrect inference from the name of his son (Robert Tappan Morris or Robert Morris, Jr.).

This article should also be updated to reflect some of the material from the Dennie Ritchie article.

Also, there is no recent information cited indicating whether Morris still works at NSA/NCSC or not. He did clearly work there during the time periods described in Stoll's book and Ritchie's article.

... the Ritchie article seems to indicate that Morris has retired from the government.

I second that we should move the page. I do not know the correct middle initial, but Tappan is definitely wrong -- NedMike.
 * I think it's "H.", but probably "Robert Morris" is adequate for the time being. See a Google search that provides evidence that Robert Morris Sr. is Robert H. Morris Sr. -- Schoen 30 June 2005 03:11 (UTC)
 * Since Robert Morris is a useful disambiguation page, how about making this page be Robert H. Morris and the page for rtm be Robert Tappan Morris, eliminating the existing disambiguation page at Robert Tappan Morris? Then the existing rtm article should become a redirect to Robert Tappan Morris, and the Robert Morris page can include accurate references to both corrected pages. -- Schoen 30 June 2005 03:18 (UTC)

 * I know the correct middle initial as 'h' as Bob's login was "rhm". He authored quite a few Unix tools. Crypto was merely one of Bob's interests. It was not his primary area of work at Bell Labs. That work was not generally discussed or discussable (ASW). 209.129.244.250 (talk) 22:32, 29 January 2013 (UTC)

OK, this particular move has now been accomplished, and the disambiguation page has been fixed, too. --Schoen 20:12, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

The number puzzle
The person who added the solution suggested, if I remember correctly, that the solution should be provided or else the puzzle should not be mentioned. My preferences would be:
 * (1) My original version (which gives a link to the solution after a spoiler warning template),
 * (2) Give the solution after a spoiler warning template,
 * (3) Do not mention the puzzle at all, or at least do not pose it to the reader as a puzzle, and
 * (4) The current version, which gives the puzzle and the answer with no spoiler warning.

Does anyone have comments on this? --Schoen 07:37, 4 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not totally sure that the puzzle needs to be mentioned at all, to be honest. But if the puzzle is mentioned, then it would be good to avoid giving away the solution. A spoiler template could work, although it's a little heavy for such a minor item -- perhaps a footnote would work better? — Matt Crypto 09:05, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Source for "3 rules of computer security" quote?
I've tried to track down where the "The three golden rules to ensure computer security are: do not own a computer; do not power it on; and do not use it." quote came from, without success. The given citation is just one of numerous re-publishings of the quote, not an actual original source. If anybody has further leads, please post. JesseW, the juggling janitor 03:50, 8 August 2013 (UTC)

Your ref is to a 2003 book. I cannot find anything earliest than 26 April 2000 on a Debian newsgroup, by Cesar Mendoza, attributed to Robert _T._ Morris. I will go systematically through my usual plethora of techniques, newspapers.com, newspaperarchive, Factiva, perhaps lexis advance, oldestsearch, discmaster, google books, google scholar, google groups, even bing, but I don't think it'll turn up anything. So I suspect, unfortunately, this is an apocryphal quote and I think it deserves a "dubious - discuss" tag at least. Cancerward (talk) 02:10, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Replaced with a close, sourceable quote from Grampp and Morris, 1984. Cancerward (talk) 03:54, 2 August 2023 (UTC)

Co-author of "dc" and "be"
According to

 * https://wiki.tuhs.org/doku.php?id=people:robert_morris
 * Libes, Don; Ressler, Sandy; Ressler, Sanford (1989). Life With UNIX: A Guide For Everyone. Prentice Hall. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-13-536657-8.

Avindra talk 16:51, 10 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Morris (cryptographer)


text:
34th Street–Herald Square station

The 34th Street–Herald Square station (also signed as 34th Street) is an underground station complex on the BMT Broadway Line and the IND Sixth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. It is located at Herald Square in Midtown Manhattan where 34th Street, Broadway and Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas) intersect, and is served by the D, F, N, and Q trains at all times; the R train at all times except late nights; the B, M, and W trains on weekdays; and the <F> train during rush hours in the peak direction.

The Broadway Line platforms opened on January 5, 1918, as part of the Broadway Line, which was built for the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) as part of the Dual Contracts. The Sixth Avenue Line platforms opened in 1940, completing construction of the first phase of the Independent Subway System (IND). The IND platforms functioned as a terminal for some trains until 1968, when the Chrystie Street Connection opened. The station complex was renovated in the 1990s.

The BMT and IND stations both have two island platforms and four tracks, and there is a mezzanine above both sets of platforms. The station complex contains elevators, which make it compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. There is an out-of-system connection to the PATH's 33rd Street station, as well as closed passageways to the adjacent 42nd Street–Bryant Park station and to 34th Street–Penn Station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. The 34th Street–Herald Square station is the third-busiest station in the system as of 2019, with over 39 million passengers entering the station that year.

Dual Contracts
The New York Public Service Commission adopted plans for what was known as the Broadway–Lexington Avenue route (later the Broadway Line) on December 31, 1907. A proposed Tri-borough system was adopted in early 1908, incorporating the Broadway Line. Operation of the line was assigned to the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT; after 1923, the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation or BMT ) in the Dual Contracts, adopted on March 4, 1913. The Public Service Commission approved plans for the segment between 26th and 38th Streets, including the 28th Street and 34th Street stations, in April 1914. The contract for that section went to the second-lowest bidder, the United States Realty and Construction Company, as the lowest bidder was too inexperienced. U.S. Realty began constructing the tunnel between 26th and 38th Streets in August 1914. A. W. King was hired to install finishes in the 34th Street station in July 1917.

The Broadway Line opened between 14th Street–Union Square and Canal Street in 1917; it originally only served local trains. On January 5, 1918, the Broadway Line was extended north to Times Square–42nd Street and south to Rector Street, and express service started on the line. Before the 34th Street station had officially opened, Women's Wear Daily reported that the stop would be "one of the most important subway stations in the world", as it would lead directly to three busy crosstown streets (32nd, 33rd, and 34th Streets).

IND expansion
New York City mayor John Francis Hylan's original plans for the Independent Subway System (IND), proposed in 1922, included building over 100 mi of new lines and taking over nearly 100 mi of existing lines. The lines were designed to compete with the existing underground, surface, and elevated lines operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT). The IND Sixth Avenue Line was designed to replace the elevated IRT Sixth Avenue Line. In 1924, the IND submitted its list of proposed subway routes to the New York City Board of Transportation (NYCBOT), which approved the program. One of the routes was a segment of tunnel from Fourth Street to 53rd Street. Part of this stretch was already occupied by the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad (H&M)'s Uptown Hudson Tubes. As a result, negotiations between the city and the H&M continued for several years. The IND and H&M finally came to an agreement in 1930. The city had decided to build the IND Sixth Avenue Line's local tracks around the pre-existing H&M tubes, and add express tracks for the IND underneath the H&M tubes at a later date. The IND started advertising bids for the section of the Sixth Avenue Line between 43rd and 53rd Streets in April 1931.

In April 1935, engineers started planning in earnest for the Midtown portion of the Sixth Avenue Line. The city government issued corporate stock to pay for the $53 million cost of the project, since the line was not eligible for federal Public Works Administration funds. The first contract, for the section between 40th and 47th Streets, was awarded to Rosoff-Brader Construction in October 1935. Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia broke ground for the Sixth Avenue subway at Bryant Park on March 23, 1936. The Carleton Company was hired in September 1936 to construct the section from 27th to 33rd Streets, and Rosoff-Brader was hired that October to build the segment from 33rd to 40th Streets.

The line was built as a four-track tunnel north of 33rd Street, but there were only two tracks south of that street. The work largely involved cut-and-cover excavations, although portions of the subway had to be tunneled through solid rock. The builders also had to avoid disrupting the Sixth Avenue elevated or the various utility lines on the avenue. The line had to be built below the H&M and BMT tunnels, but it also had to pass above the East River Tubes at 32nd and 33rd Streets. Excavation work was conducted 24 hours a day, with most of the blasting work being conducted at night. Workers had to use small charges of dynamite to avoid damaging nearby buildings or the parallel Catskill Aqueduct. The section north of 33rd Street had mostly been excavated by November 1937. The H&M's old 33rd Street terminal closed on December 26, 1937, and a rebuilt terminal opened on September 24, 1939. The IRT's Sixth Avenue elevated closed in December 1938, just before the Sixth Avenue subway was completed. Otis Elevator received a contract to install 16 escalators at the station.

The IND's 34th Street–Herald Square station opened on December 15, 1940, as part of the opening of the IND Sixth Avenue Line from 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center to West Fourth Street. The opening of the Sixth Avenue Line relieved train traffic on the Eighth Avenue Line, which was used by all services except for the G Brooklyn–Queens Crosstown service. The line was initially served by the rush-hour BB, the D, and the F; the BB and D terminated at 34th Street.

Later years
On April 19, 1961, ground was broken for a $22 million project to build two express tracks between the West Fourth Street and 34th Street–Herald Square stations. The express tracks were part of an $80 million subway improvement program that began with the reconstruction of the DeKalb Avenue station in Brooklyn. The project was part of the Chrystie Street Connection, which would allow 45 additional trains per hour, carrying a combined 90,000 passengers, to enter Manhattan during rush hours. On November 26, 1967, the first part of the Chrystie Street Connection opened and Sixth Avenue Line express tracks opened from 34th Street–Herald Square to West Fourth Street. With the opening of the connection to the Manhattan Bridge, BB service was renamed B and it was extended via the new express tracks and the connection to the BMT West End Line in Brooklyn. D service was routed via the connection and onto the BMT Brighton Line instead of via the Culver Line. It only ran express during rush hours. F service was extended from Broadway–Lafayette Street during rush hours, and from 34th Street during other times to Coney Island via the Culver Line.

On November 28, 1969, the turnstiles and exit gates at the northern end of the station were relocated, making four more staircases from the Broadway Line platforms available for transfers to the Sixth Avenue platforms. Previously, transfers could only be made from two staircases. This complex was overhauled in the late 1970s. The Transit Authority fixed the station's structure and renovated its appearance. The overhaul replaced the original wall tiles, old signs, and incandescent lighting to the 1970s modern look wall tile band and tablet mosaics, signs and fluorescent lights. It also fixed staircases and platform edges.

On February 9, 1983, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) announced that it had awarded a $6.1 million contract to replace 16 escalators at the station to two companies.

In the early 1990s, the station received another major repair, which included an upgrade for ADA-accessibility and modernized wall tiling. The MTA repaired the staircases, re-tiling for the walls, installed new tiling on the floors, upgraded the station's lights and the public address system, installing ADA safety treads along the platform edge, new signs, and new track-beds in both directions. William Nicholas Bodouva & Associates, the renovation architects, also intended to streamline various passageways and ramps that had been added piecemeal over the years. The $66.4 million project was completed in 1996.

On August 28, 2004, Shahawar Matin Siraj and James Elshafay were arrested for planning to bomb the Herald Square station during the 2004 Republican National Convention. Elshafay cooperated with prosecutors and received a plea deal; Siraj was convicted of conspiracy on four counts, the most serious of which was plotting to bomb a public transportation system, in 2006 and was sentenced to 30 years in prison in 2007.

The station's token booths were shuttered in May 2005, after fare tokens were replaced with MetroCards; station agents were deployed elsewhere in the station to answer passengers' queries. This was part of a pilot program that was tested at seven other stations. To save energy, the MTA installed variable-speed escalators at 34th Street–Herald Square and three other subway stations in August 2008, although not all of the escalators initially functioned as intended. A Korean restaurant, Nōksu, opened on the station's mezzanine level in late 2023.

Station layout
This station complex has a long mezzanine above the platforms. Three staircases and two elevators lead to each of the two Broadway line platforms. Three pairs of escalators lead to the Sixth Avenue line platforms (two to the northbound one and one to the southbound one). There is a non-ADA-compliant ramp that leads to an intermediate level. This level has two sets of staircases leading to each of the Sixth Avenue platforms. The elevators to this level are at the north end of the mezzanine.

Two works of art are installed on the mezzanine as part of the MTA Arts & Design program. The first of these is Radiant Site by Michele Oka Doner, which consists of 11,000 gold-colored wall tiles. The tiles were manufactured at Pewabic Pottery in Michigan and installed along a 165 ft stretch of passageway; according to Oka Doner, they were meant "to fill the underground with light and feeling". The second artwork is Halo by Nicholas Pearson and consists of seven orbs, each made of coiled aluminum rods and placed on small beams above the mezzanine. The MTA selected these artworks, along with David Provan's Yab-Yum sculpture above the IND platform, as part of the Herald Square Subway Complex Art Competition in 1988. Herbert Muschamp of The New York Times wrote of the artworks: "Unfortunately, though one feels like a subway vandal to say so, the plan's parts don't add up to an effective whole. A surfeit of mismatched design elements defeats the intended airiness."

Exits
At the north end of the primary mezzanine is the 35th Street exit, which contains a bank of turnstiles, token booth, and street stairs. Three staircases lead to all corners of Sixth Avenue and 35th Street except the southwest one. There is also a short passageway to either western corner of Broadway and 35th Street.

When the station was built, there were entrances at each of four corners of Broadway, Sixth Avenue, and 34th Street. Two stairs each led to the sidewalk outside Macy's Herald Square on the northwest corner; the Marbridge Building on the northeast corner; the Hotel McAlpin on the southeast corner; and Saks on the southwest corner. As of 2023, the primary mezzanine has connections with the two entrances at Broadway/Sixth Avenue and 34th Street. The entrance on the west side is staffed full-time and has two staircases to 34th Street. The northwest staircase has an entrance to an underground Burger King. There is a long passageway containing a single street elevator that leads to PATH at 33rd Street. The entrance on the east side of 34th Street is staffed part-time and when the token booth is closed, only two HEET turnstiles provide access to the mezzanine. This entrance has a passageway that connects to the 35th Street exit and has two pairs of exit-only turnstiles from the mezzanine.

Upon the station's opening, there were also four entrances at 32nd Street: three from the street and one from the PATH (then H&M) station. As of 2023, there is a separate mezzanine at the south end of the Sixth Avenue level that has two staircases leading to each platform. It is directly underneath the PATH station mezzanine (two levels from street level) and has a passageway leading to the entrance at Broadway and 32nd Street. Outside of fare control, there is an entrance leading directly to the two basement levels of J. C. Penney in the Manhattan Mall. There are also escalators that lead to the front entrance of the mall. The entrance at Broadway and 32nd Street is unstaffed, has two street stairs, and one stair to each of the two Broadway platforms on the very south end. There are street stairs to either northern corner of Broadway and 32nd Street, as well as to the northeast corner of 6th Avenue and 32nd Street.

Passageways
There are closed passageways (but not free transfers) to the adjacent 42nd Street–Bryant Park station to the north and to 34th Street–Penn Station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line.

Gimbels passageway
There was once an out-of-system passageway under 33rd Street, which ran to Pennsylvania Station, one block west. The passageway was called the "Gimbels passageway" because it was next to the basements of the Gimbels department store and the Hotel Pennsylvania. The passageway was designed by McKim, Mead & White and constructed by the George A. Fuller Company. The Gimbels passageway opened on May 29, 1920, after one and a half years of construction. It measured 800 ft long by 18 ft wide. The south wall of the passageway originally contained 25 storefront windows, four entrances to the Gimbels store, and two entrances to the hotel. The north wall included 74 spaces for advertisements.

Over the years, the entrances to the Gimbels store and the Hotel Pennsylvania were closed. During the 1970s and 1980s, the New York City Subway had high rates of crime, as did the rest of the city; the passageway similarly experienced high crime rates. This passageway was closed in 1986 after an epidemic of sexual assaults, and passengers now must walk at street level to connect to the commuter railroads and Amtrak. A real estate developer, Vornado Realty Trust, proposed in 2010 to reopen the passageway as part of the development of the 15 Penn Plaza office tower.

Passageway to Bryant Park
The IND station's mezzanine originally extended north from 34th Street to the 42nd Street station. Proposed by the Board of Transportation in 1936, the passageway was outside of fare control but was intended to relieve passenger flow at the 42nd and 34th Street stations. At both ends of the passageway, pedestrians could descend to turnstiles at platform level. The passageway itself measured 35 ft wide and was very plain in design, with white-tiled walls. There were entrances at 34th, 35th, 38th, and 40th Streets. At 35th Street, there was a smaller passageway extending westward to Broadway, near the northern end of the BMT Broadway Line station at 34th Street–Herald Square. According to a 1940 report from the New York Herald Tribune, the passageway was believed to be "the longest of its kind in the world".

In the 1980s, the passageway became a gathering spot for homeless people and drug users. On March 20, 1991, a woman was raped behind a pile of debris in the subway passageway during rush hour, which had entrances at 38th Street. Other commuters passed nearby but were unaware of what was happening. That passageway was closed the day after; it was used by 400 daily riders and recorded 30 felonies since January 1, 1990. In response, on March 28, 1991, the NYCTA ordered the closing of the 15 most dangerous passageways in the system within a week, which the Transit Police and citizen advocacy groups had called for since the previous year. A woman was raped in the passageway in July 1990 with no response, but after another rape took place in August, the passageway's closure was called for by the local community board in September when a woman was raped in this passageway. Bureaucratic delays had prevented their closure, with their presentation to the MTA Board not scheduled until April 1991, after a public hearing on systemwide service reduction was to be held. The agency feared that closing the passageway without public comment would have caused an outcry for advocates for the homeless. The NYCTA's director of public information said that the agency had erred in waiting for formal approval. The locations were chosen based on crime volume, lighting, traffic and physical layout. These entrances were closed under the declaration of a public safety emergency, and were blocked off with plywood and fencing until public hearings were held and official permission was obtained.

BMT Broadway Line platforms
The 34th Street–Herald Square station on the BMT Broadway Line is an express station that has four tracks and two island platforms. This level opened several years after the opening of the Port Authority Trans-Hudson station; the Sixth Avenue line platforms were built later. The station was operated by the BMT until the city government took over the BMT's operations on June 1, 1940.

Each platform has three staircases and one elevator to the main mezzanine on the north half and another staircase at the extreme south end to 32nd Street. North of the station are diamond crossovers in both directions that are used by N trains on weekdays when they operate express in Manhattan.

Because Queens-bound N trains switch from the express to the local track north of this station, trains are often held here until another train arrives on the opposite track. Depending on the schedule, they may not leave in the same order in which they arrived. This causes confusion among riders as they run back and forth on the northbound platform trying to catch the train that will leave first. This is also true at other stations where two services that run to the same destination stop at the same platform but do not stop on the same side of the platform. The New York Times calls this The Subway Shuffle.

In 1996, artist Christopher Janney installed "REACH New York, An Urban Musical Instrument". The piece consists of green racks with sensors, which hang along both platforms. Waving one's hands in front of the sensors creates a corresponding sound from the rack.

IND Sixth Avenue Line platforms
The 34th Street–Herald Square station on the IND Sixth Avenue Line is an express station that has four tracks and two island platforms. The mezzanine elevators are at the north end of the station while the staircases to the Manhattan Mall entrance are at the south end. The platforms have numerous stairs and escalators leading to the main mezzanine. Stairs on both platforms lead to a non-accessible ramp leading to the mezzanine.

The platforms are not equal in length, as the northbound one is longer than the southbound one. North of this station are numerous crossovers and switches that allow trains from uptown to terminate here on the express tracks during construction and closures. The crossovers were reconfigured in 2018 to reduce the duplication of track switches of the downtown and uptown tracks, most notably, the switch from the express to local tracks.

Above the northbound local tracks is Yab-Yum, a sculpture created by David Provan in 1992. It consists of fourteen paddles, each measuring 12 ft, which are painted red to match the colors of the columns on the platform. Whenever a train arrived or departed, it would create wind gusts that caused the paddles to spin. By 2012, the propellers were no longer capable of spinning.

Notable places nearby

 * Empire State Building, one block east of the 34th Street entrances
 * Manhattan Mall, in which the 32nd Street entrance is located
 * Herald Square, directly in between the 34th Street entrances
 * Macy's Herald Square, near the northwestern entrance at 34th Street
 * Penn Station and Madison Square Garden, both one block west of the 32nd Street entrance

title: 34th Street–Herald Square station


text: User talk:69.179.33.133

title: User talk:69.179.33.133


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Talk:Pets in the Harry Potter series

Untitled
This page should probably redirect to something like Animals in the Harry Potter series or similar. The animals listed here are not really "pets" in the conventional sense, given that they are supposed to have magical properties and are often used for a particular purpose -- post owls are hardly pets, for example. Exploding Boy 16:15, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * There are at least two other pages for animals in general, Magical_beasts_(Harry_Potter) and Minor_Harry_Potter_Beasts. The animals listed here are all owned by a character in the books, which is why they're listed as pets (even if some of them are useful in addition to being pets). --Icarus 21:27, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Yeah. I'm just not convinced that a page like this is warranted, especially if there are already other animal-related articles/lists. Exploding Boy 03:26, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pets in the Harry Potter series


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Talk:Scabbers

Should this be merged with Peter Pettigrew, since they are the same character and that fact is apparent on either page when you read it. (Discuss) Sandpiper 09:43, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

I agree. - jerdwyer 21 December 2005
 * I agree as well, they are the same person, it is redundant to have two articles. Cyclone49 09:26, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

Three months is surely long enough for dissenters to voice their opinions: done, therefore. Telsa (talk) 17:39, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

I wasn't around when this discussion took place. I disagree. Having a redirect link from Scabbers to Peter is a very big giveaway; it should not be said that Scabbers is Peter until within a Spoiled section. -- Jokes Free4Me 11:20, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scabbers


text: Category:Cantons of Costa Rica

title: Category:Cantons of Costa Rica


text: Category:Subdivisions of Costa Rica

title: Category:Subdivisions of Costa Rica


text: User talk:70.213.108.18

title: User talk:70.213.108.18


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User:Tirin/Uploaded images

These are the images I have sourced elsewhere which are either in the public domain or published under fair use provisions.

title: User:Tirin/Uploaded images


text: Category:Subdivisions of Luxembourg

title: Category:Subdivisions of Luxembourg


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Matthew 3:17

Matthew 3:17 is the seventeenth (and final) verse of the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. Following Jesus' baptism by John the Baptist, a voice from heaven states that Jesus is "God's beloved son".

Content
In the King James Version of the Bible, the text reads:
 * And lo a voice from heaven,
 * saying, This is my beloved
 * Son, in whom I am well pleased.

The World English Bible translates the passage as:
 * Behold, a voice out of the
 * heavens said, "This is my beloved
 * Son, with whom I am well pleased."

The 1881 Westcott-Hort Greek text is:
 * και ιδου φωνη εκ των ουρανων λεγουσα
 * ουτος εστιν ο υιος μου ο αγαπητος εν ω ευδοκησα

For a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 3:17.

Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this verse are:
 * Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 405 (~ 200)
 * Papyrus 101 (3rd century)
 * Codex Vaticanus (~325–350)
 * Codex Sinaiticus (~330–360)
 * Codex Washingtonianus (~400)
 * Codex Bezae (~400)
 * Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450)

Analysis
This verse ends the baptism scene (verses 13-17). The voice is generally presumed to be that of God the Father. This is one of only two times in the Gospel of Matthew where God intervenes directly, the other being in Matthew 17:5. This is in contrast to most of the Old Testament where God's direct actions occur regularly. Hill notes that the word beloved can be interpreted as meaning only. The entire message is often seen as a reference to. There is also a possible link to Isaiah 42:1, the opening verse of the first of the "servant songs", which also speaks of a beloved of whom God is pleased. Matthew uses this verse at 12:18, and it is translated in the same manner as it is here. The editors of the Jerusalem Bible suggest that Matthew's purpose here is to show that Jesus is the "suffering servant" foretold by Isaiah. The substitution of "son" for "servant" is possible because the Greek word παῖς (pais) can mean either "son" or "servant".

There are also possible links to and.

Jesus' divine status was earlier implied at Matthew 1:18, but it does not become known to those around him until much later in the narrative. There is thus a debate over whether the voice in this verse was public pronouncement. In Luke the baptism occurs in front of a large crowd, but he and Mark both make the announcement seem private by having the message read "you are my son." Matthew's "this is my son" makes it seem as though all present were addressed. In Matthew no crowds are mentioned, and only Jesus and John are noted as being at the Jordan. The gospel is thus internally consistent, but is somewhat difficult to reconcile with the other two synoptics.

This verse, when combined with the one before it, is seen by many Christians as one of the most trinitarian passages in the entire New Testament. However, some writers disagree, since Matthew 3:16 already has the Holy Ghost present in the form of a dove. This verse does not clearly distinguish it as a distinct entity, the voice is assumed to be "God, the heavenly father", who makes explicit reference to Jesus as his son.

Commentary from the Church Fathers
Augustine: Not as before by Moses and the Prophets, neither in type or figure did the Father teach that the Son should come, but openly showed Him to be already come, This is my Son.

Hilary of Poitiers: Or, that from these things thus fulfilled upon Christ, we might learn that after the washing of water the Holy Spirit also descends on us from the heavenly gates, on us also is shed an unction of heavenly glory, and an adoption to be the sons of God, pronounced by the Father's voice.

Jerome: The mystery of the Trinity is shown in this baptism. The Lord is baptized; the Spirit descends in shape of a dove; the voice of the Father is heard giving testimony to the Son.

Ambrose: And no wonder that the mystery of the Trinity is not wanting to the Lord's laver, when even our laver contains the sacrament of the Trinity. The Lord willed to show in His own case what He was after to ordain for men.

Pseudo-Augustine: Though Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are one nature, yet do thou hold most firmly that They be Three Persons; that it is the Father alone who said, This is my beloved Son; the Son alone over whom that voice of the Father was heard; and the Holy Ghost alone who in the likeness of a dove descended on Christ at His baptism.

Augustine: Here are deeds of the whole Trinity. In their own substance indeed Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are One without interval of either place or time; but in my mouth they are three separate words, and cannot be pronounced at the same time, and in written letters they fill each their several places. By this comparison may be understood how the Trinity in Itself indivisible may be manifested dividedly in the likeness of a visible creation. That the voice is that of the Father only is manifest from the words, This is my Son.

Hilary of Poitiers: He witnesses that He is His Son not in name merely, but in very kindred. Sons of God are we many of us; but not as He is a Son, a proper and true Son, in verity, not in estimation, by birth, not adoption.

Augustine: The Father loves the Son, but as a father should, not as a master may love a servant; and that as an own Son, not an adopted; therefore He adds, in whom I am well-pleased.

Saint Remigius: Or if it be referred to the human nature of Christ, the sense is, I am pleased in Him, whom alone I have found without sin. Or according to another reading, It hath pleased me to appoint Him, by whom to perform those things I would perform, i. e. the redemption of the human race.

Augustine: These words Mark and Luke give in the same way; in the words of the voice that came from Heaven, their expression varies though the sense is the same. For both the words as Matthew gives them, This is my beloved Son, and as the other two, Thou art my beloved Son, express the same sense in the speaker; (and the heavenly voice, no doubt, uttered one of these,) but one shows an intention of addressing the testimony thus borne to the Son to those who stood by; the other of addressing it to Himself, as if speaking to Christ He had said, This is my Son. Not that Christ was taught what He knew before, but they who stood by heard it, for whose sake the voice came. Again, when one says, in whom I am well-pleased; another, in thee it hath pleased me, if you ask which of these was actually pronounced by that voice; take which you will, only remembering that those who have not related the same words as were spoken have related the same sense. That God is well-pleased with His Son is signified in the first; that the Father is by the Son pleased with men is conveyed in the second form, in thee it hath well-pleased me. Or you may understand this to have been the one meaning of all the Evangelists, In Thee have I put My good pleasure, i. e. to fulfil all My purpose.

title: Matthew 3:17


text: Category:Districts of Luxembourg

title: Category:Districts of Luxembourg


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title: Category:Cantons of Luxembourg


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Baca National Wildlife Refuge

The Baca National Wildlife Refuge is a 78697 acre United States National Wildlife Refuge located in southern Colorado. It is within the Sangre de Cristo National Heritage Area.

Fauna
Many bird species such as the kestrel, great horned owl, northern flicker, robin, yellow warbler, and Bullock's oriole roam in the riparian areas of this refuge. Waterfowl that inhabit here include mallard, pintail, teal, Canada goose, avocet, killdeer, white-faced ibis, egret, and heron.

Geography
The wildlife refuge is located on the lands of the Luis Maria Baca Grant No. 4 near Crestone, Colorado in the San Luis Valley in southern Saguache and northern Alamosa counties, about 30 mi northeast of the town of Alamosa, on the west side of the Sangre de Cristo Range.

The site was authorized by the United States Congress in 2000 as part of legislation that also authorized the nearby Great Sand Dunes National Park. It was formally established in 2003 when administration began under the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. It is administered jointly with the nearby Alamosa and Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuges, as part of the Alamosa/Baca/Monte Verde Complex.

Description
The Baca National Wildlife Refuge consists of rangeland and some riparian wetlands. The original ranch headquarters and other buildings are on the wildlife refuge. As is usual on federal wildlife refuges, grazing and hay production continue on a limited basis. It includes several thousand acres of irrigated hay meadows.

Several streams arising in the nearby Sangre de Cristos flow onto the Refuge. Crestone Creek in its lower reaches is a spring-fed perennial stream inhabited by four native fish species: Rio Grande sucker (Catostomus plebeius), Rio Grande chub (Gila pandora), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae)

History
The establishment of the refuge and national park was part of complex land transfers undertaken by the federal government in cooperation with the Nature Conservancy and the State of Colorado. Approximately 3300 acre of the land was previously under the management of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and was transferred to the Fish and Wildlife Service.

Approximately 97036 acre of the land for the refuge and park was part of the historic Baca Ranch and was purchased by the Nature Conservancy before its transfer to the federal government. The refuge forms part of complex of wetlands in the San Luis Valley consists of lands of nearby landowners, including the Colorado Board of Land Commissioners, the National Park Service, and the Nature Conservancy.

Oil and gas exploration
The mineral rights to the lands of the Baca NWR are owned by a third party, Lexam Explorations (U.S.A.) Inc. (Lexam). There is believed to be a small chance that commercial quantities of natural gas may be discovered (An existing artesian well on the land, called "the gas well", produced enough gas to heat one home).

Draft environmental assessment
Litigation by the San Luis Valley Ecosystem Council contesting the environmental assessment with respect to the drilling of two exploratory wells resulted in a settlement in September, 2010 requiring preparation of a new assessment by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Completion of a draft environmental assessment was announced by the Fish and Wildlife Service on January 7, 2011 and was made available for download or viewing at the refuge's website.

Proposed executive summary: "Implementation of the Preferred Alternative – the Service is requiring that specific protective measures and standards are followed during all phases of oil and gas exploration being proposed by Lexam, including the intended drilling of two exploratory gas wells on the Refuge, to ensure maximum protection of the surface estate (including all surface and subsurface natural resources not considered minerals) of the Refuge and associated cultural, socioeconomic, and aesthetic resources from unreasonable degradation or impacts. With these requirements incorporated into Lexam’s Plan of Operations, potential impacts are expected to be less than significant in regards to NEPA. Information gathered in this Draft EA indicates that the temporary nature of the proposed exploration (<180 days), along with implementation of the preferred alternative, will not unreasonably degrade or result in significant impacts to the surface estate (including all surface and subsurface natural resources not considered to be minerals) of the Refuge and associated cultural, socioeconomic, and aesthetic resources."

Public review
A public meeting was held in January 2011 at the Colorado College Baca Campus Conference Center in Crestone, Colorado. It was an informational open house with a presentation by the Fish and Wildlife Service followed by a question-and-answer session. Written comments regarding the environmental assessment were accepted at this meeting. "'There’s no legal way to say ‘no’ for that mineral owner to access those minerals,' [Mike Blenden, Project Leader, San Luis Valley NWR Complex] said."

Comments can also be sent via mail to David Lucas, Chief, Division of Refuge Planning, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Refuge Planning, P.O. Box 25484, Denver, CO 80225-0486 or via email to: BacaDraftEAComments at fws.gov and must be received no later than February 7, 2011.

The draft assessment includes consideration of the option of purchasing the mineral rights but rejects the $8.4 million demanded by Lexam as not a fair market price. By the terms of a Federal District Court settlement the final environmental assessment is due April 1, 2011.

title: Baca National Wildlife Refuge