text:
Talk:M2 Browning

"Ma Deuce"?
"Ma Deuce" is a bogus nickname. No one in the US military uses this term. It is the creation of pompous asshat Peter Kokalis, a hack writer for various gun magazines.

Referring to a .50 caliber Browning as "Ma Deuce" is a certain indication that the speaker is a fake wannabe "veteran"... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.149.233.160 (talk) 11:38, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Again, the text you are removing cites reliable sources. Your personal take is irrelevant original research. ROG5728 (talk) 21:16, 15 September 2010 (UTC)
 * R Lee ERMEY called it “Ma Deuce” (with much enthusiasm) in his “Mail Call” series more than once. ¿IS HE a fake veteran? (I tell you what YOU go tell him that, I’ll read about it in the papers the next day- I’m scared even mentioning it, that he’ll read this and let me have it.)Trying To Make Wikipedia At Least Better Than The ''Weekly World News.'' (talk) 20:40, 29 September 2011 (UTC)
 * I served a total of 15 years in the Marine Corps. Post military, I have worked with active duty Soldiers and Marines on numerous programs.  The term "Ma Deuce" has been used frequently by both services.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.64.0.252 (talk) 16:27, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
 * When I used it 45 years ago, it seemed perfectly logical to us young frenchmen to call a M2 "Ma Deuce", since we spelled it "M' deux", and was next to "Ma Douce" ('My sweet one"). We called it also "La Nana" (The Chick), which helped us to carry it along, pig-a-back, during some night works... T.y. Arapaima (talk) 10:59, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

I served in the U.S. Army mos 11B (infantry) from 1967–1973, Vietnam 69–70, I never heard the term "ma deuce" before reading this article. It's a new one on me. This weapon was called, and always will be, a "fifty cal" 174.24.250.45 (talk) 21:06, 26 November 2016 (UTC)Anthony Gumbrell

 * Friends who served in the UK armed forces from the mid-1990s also referred to the BMG as the 'fifty-cal', while calling the L7 a 'jimpy'. These were standard terms. I find it hard to believe the US forces were regularly using the 'Ma Deuce' term, but sources (and internet chinese whispers) are more potent than real-world experience on Wikipedia, because you can cite one and not the other. 2A00:23C7:3119:AD01:A09B:229B:CF76:530E (talk) 16:18, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

Sniper rifle
This whole section is silly. Yes it is capable of long range shooting, most machine guns are, and as one of the larger ones it has one of the longer effective ranges. Yes it has been around long enough for some people to make very long range kills with it. But none of this has anything to do with calling it a "sniper rifle", no sniper pair would ever carry an M2 and tripod into their OP. The section is a misunderstanding of what a sniper is and what he does — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.99.175.174 (talk) 06:54, 10 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Apparently at least one sniper used the Browning as a sniper rifle. To be sure, GlobalSecurity.com and Sgt. Grit are not the sources I would prefer to use to bolster a section of a Wikipedia article. --Yaush (talk) 13:32, 10 April 2014 (UTC)

 * I think its use as a sniper rifle is notable because Carlos Hathcock was crazy enough to try it; his article probably has better sources. Glrx (talk) 22:16, 19 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Let's remove the Carlos Hathcock legend and put the sniper aspect on firmer ground. Not only was it used by Army units in the Korea War as a sniper weapon with a telescopic sight, the practice was officially adopted and made doctrine in the US Army FM 23-65, dated December 1955, Apendix III. It was again included in the 1972 version of the same manual.  The section was only dropped in the 1991 version, when purpose built .50 cal sniper rifles were coming into their own.  Hathcock pioneered nothing; he merely read the manual for his assigned weapon (he was trained as a machine gunner).  In point of fact, a 15 February 1967 Sea Tiger (the official newpaper of the 1st MarDiv) credited MSGT Reinke, not Hathcock, with reintroducing the practice among the division's snipers - which was a few weeks before Hathcock supposedly first used the weapon in Operation Deckhouse VI.  Best to skip the popular fanboy books with dubious foundations and stick to the far more credible official documents.
 * 98.255.89.22 (talk) 06:43, 10 September 2015 (UTC)

Operating handle
Should be noted the operating handle on an M2 only retracts the bolt, similar to an M16. It does not cycle with the bolt and is less of a safety hazard. The recoil spring is very strong, it can take 2 hands to lock and load a Ma Deuce!65.129.181.111 (talk) 15:47, 9 November 2016 (UTC)

"Colt MG53-2", the M2 used in Brewster Buffalo?
I have tried to find information on the exact version of M2 used in Brewster B-239s Finland bought during the Winter war, all of the sources I can find call it "Colt MG53-2" but from what I see all search results on Google are about the Finnish "Buffalos" and/or LKk-42, the reverse-engineered copy of M2 that Finland produced during the Continuation war, is "Colt MG53-2" just the manufacturer's own name for the weapon (AN/M2 etc. are US military designations after all)? Ape89 (talk) 18:54, 27 March 2017 (UTC)

HELP!
Hi all guys! First time writing here i have a big question for y'all! Does someone have a book or a source about the effectiveness of AN/M3 .50 Cal Browning Heavy Machine gun in aircraft use such as mounted on F86 Sabres etc... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.40.181.1 (talk) 23:59, 13 April 2017 (UTC)

 * Anthony G. Williams is a published expert in the field. He considers the effectiveness issue here: WORLD WAR 2 FIGHTER ARMAMENT EFFECTIVENESS, here: Cannon or Machine Gun, and here: Modern Fighter Gun Effectiveness. His site is a treasure trove. ( Hohum  @ ) 00:24, 14 April 2017 (UTC)

Unable to edit the "Users" wikitable?
So i was going to add a second variant of the M2 Browning that the Swedish have used but i was unable to unmerge the last row of the table. This is needed for the edit as the Swedish variant i was going to add is the AN/M2 and not the M2HB. Does anyone know how to fix this as i would rather not try to edit the wikitable by going through the code as i have basically no experience with working with the code of wikitables?--Blockhaj (talk) 08:44, 7 August 2018 (UTC)

About the M2A1's manual trigger block safety

 * "Features" section of the

The upgraded M2A1 has a manual trigger block safety.
 * but where and in what form is the "Manual Trigger Block Safety" on the M2A1?
 * --240fe0730c1 (talk) 06:06, 28 May 2021 (UTC)

Puzzle
How could Pershing before July 1917 request a gun to counter an aircraft that first appeared in August 1917? Clairvoyance, or did Junkers give him a tour of their factory? Alansplodge (talk) 22:15, 2 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I thought first that one writer frustrated with Pershing's omnipotence as at it appears viewed from the source was temptatively led to hint at the fact that the solid point regarding Pershing personal involvement was his 1918 July 18th cable to the Ordnance Department but after a detailed review of that rather complicated subject in source I'm convinced that the expression "U.S. Army Ordnance" like it is used in .50 BMG can be rendered perfectly equivalent to "General Pershing wanted", with only very minor style adjustements. So no frustrated writer but the Junkers J.I was introduced in the paragraph erroneously, the July 1918 mainly mediatized circumstance being the failure of 0.30 cal. tracers to disable a G.IV. Remains the paragraph to be reorganized besides, Pershing already wanted a 2,700 feet per second and heavy-caliber armory-piercing projectile in 1917, it seems he increased the spec at 2,750 feet per second in 1918, and specified that 0.50 would stand as an adequate measure. He also rejected Winchester's attempt to mitigating the possible applications of its munition at the same occasion it seems? --Askedonty (talk) 22:05, 8 February 2023 (UTC)

Misconception of Geneva Convention prohibition
I think this section, while trying to clarify the legal discussion surrounding the usage of the gun, is itself completely missing the issue, thus adding more confusion to an already controversial topic.

First of all, to my knowledge the Geneva Conventions would not be relevant as to whether the M2 can be used on personnel; that would be the Hague Conventions of 1899 or the Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868. The former is also mentioned in one of the sources. While the section is seemingly correct in that the legal problems surrounding the M2 is often wrongly attributed to the Geneva Conventions, the misconception seems to be that the Geneva Conventions is thought to be the sole source of international law in war.

Secondly, the problem is not with the M2 gun in itself or its 12.7 mm caliber, but explosive and/or incendiary components typically found in such munitions. Ex: the Raufoss Mk 211.

I suggest heavily editing the section (including its header) to explain and address the actual legal problems usually held up by opponents, while possibly retaining some of its points to the degree they concern the legality of using non-expanding solid 12.7mm bullets. As to whether using the M2 on soft targets, is in fact illegal, it seems to hinge on lots of technical and legal details such as what weapons classification the M2 belongs in, the damage typically caused in human tissue, whether the relevant treaties have precedent over other laws or legal concepts such as the right to self defense, etc. Is there anyone with more knowledge on such details that can expand on this part?

If nothing else, I suggest simply removing the current section and replacing it with the first two paragraphs from this section concerning the ammunition., which with a slight edit to make it applicable to the gun itself, seems to cover it pretty well.

Also, I'm not at all an expert on law, so it would be great if anyone with more knowledge could verify or correct the points brought up here, before changes are made to the article.

The abelian fox (talk) 13:02, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Okay, so I went ahead and changed the article as proposed. Borrwing heavily fromthe Raufoss Mk 211 page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by The abelian fox (talk • contribs) 20:56, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

 * I see you reverted the changes that I made. Can you please modify the text to address the issues cited? That is referring to the Hague convention as the relevant treaty, and use of expanding ammunition? The abelian fox (talk) 22:53, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

 * There was no source added with for Hague Conventions text to support it. But I can add that back and tag it. -Fnlayson (talk) 23:05, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. For the Hague conventions, might I suggest the law texts here?.
 * Even so, I still struggle to see the relevance of mentioning the Geneva Convention at all. It is 'obviously' not the 'correct treaty' to discuss the legality of different weapons, as it mostly just concerns the rights of combatants, non-combatants and POWs and there are other treaties that does just that. Yes, it is mentioned in your sources, but seemingly only to confirm it's irrelevance. Furthermore, there are certain treaties that are ratified by the wider international community but not the United States, such as the Hague Convention (IV,3) of 1899. It was not clear to me if your source only concerns whether the M2 can legally be used on personel by US tropps, or soldiers of any military. If the former is the case, this should be explained in the article. The abelian fox (talk) 18:52, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Confusing
WP has an article about the Browning M1921, which covers its development and the fact that it was the basis for further development resulting in the M2, which has long been well known.

This article opens with a statement that the M2 was designed at the end of WW1? But that was the M1921? And not the actual M2?

I'm very confused by this. Anyone else spot this? 2A00:23C7:3119:AD01:A09B:229B:CF76:530E (talk) 16:22, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

 * See the History section and the 2nd paragraph that starts with "Around July 1917..." that "Browning started redesigning his .30-06 M1917". -Fnlayson (talk) 16:48, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:M2 Browning


text:
Talk:Grimjack

Stub
OK. Like it says, this is a stub, because I don't have the time right now to write up the article that this topic deserves. I'll post more as I have time. --Popefelix 02:53, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

GrimJack page revival
I figured with the recent rerelease of GrimJack stuff, it would be worth expanding the page... I also moved it to the more correct 'GrimJack' page. --Triseult 07:28, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Merging Bob (First Comics) here
The character of Bob is non-notable outside of the GrimJack series. The brief information in that article should be moved into this one. -- JHunterJ 18:56, 3 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Gonna have to agree on that one. Despite my personal feelings on Grimjack, for Wikipedia, it can all be summed up in a single entry for now. Donovan Ravenhull 19:22, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Oppose What do you have against poor Bob? This is, what, the second or third time you've gone after something related to the character? Bob had many stories separate from GJ in the Munden's backup feature. Otto4711 19:35, 3 November 2006 (UTC)
 * What I've got against Bob can be summed up as "lack of notability". I have never gone after him; you may have taken it personally when I reverted your addition of the then-redlink article to the Bob disambig page, but that was out of general disambiguation-article guidelines, not out of anything against Bob.  I notice you have no problem recommending other articles be deleted or merged for notability (which I tend to agree with).  Why do you think Bob is more notable than the winner of some reality TV show? -- JHunterJ 21:41, 3 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Naw, I didn't take it personally, just a reaction to what seemed to be a manifestation I've noted recently of editors jumping on stuff very quickly. As for Bob's notability, he's an important supporting character in a well-regarded series about which interest is continuing, who had a number of solo stories apart from the main character. See for example Willie Lumpkin (who, admittedly, has the comic strip to boost his notability). Now, if you wanted to do a section in the GrimJack article for supporting characters and link it back to Bob's article, I'd be fine with that, and I plan to write some more articles about other characters and flesh out Bob's article, but the character is sufficient to sustain his own page. Otto4711 00:50, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

 * In thinking about this further, I still think there's enough information about Bob to sustain his own article and I'm still planning on writing more about other supporting characters, but in the interest of concentrating the information I'm thinking that a GrimJack supporting characters article would better serve. Comments? Otto4711 16:53, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Comics B-Class Assesment required
This article needs the B-Class checklist filled in to remain a B-Class article for the Comics WikiProject. If the checklist is not filled in by 7th August this article will be re-assessed as C-Class. The checklist should be filled out referencing the guidance given at Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment/B-Class criteria. For further details please contact the Comics WikiProject. Comics-awb (talk) 16:40, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

The quote from Zelazny
The section "Influence of GrimJack in other published works" (BTW, isn't it redundant to have "of GrimJack" in that?) contains a quotation from the Roger Zelazny short story, "The Shroudling and the Guisel" which is both italicized and in quotation marks. If this is a line of spoken dialogue from the story, then that's fine, but it sounds more like narrative text, in which case quote marks alone would suffice. So I must ask: Is it indeed dialogue, or is this story told in first person narration? --Ted Watson (talk) 20:52, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Those have been fixed sometime in the last 3+ years. But the title of the story "Manx Cat" was in italics, which are usually used for the names of books or other full-size works. I changed the double apostrophes to double-quotes. --Thnidu (talk) 03:55, 4 January 2012 (UTC)

C-Class rated for Comics Project
As this B-Class article has yet to receive a review, it has been rated as C-Class. If you disagree and would like to request an assesment, please visit WikiProject_Comics/Assessment and list the article. Hiding T 14:11, 23 February 2009 (UTC)

Move?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was PAGE ALREADY MOVED. This seems to be in line with the article's sources. -GTBacchus(talk) 01:01, 3 March 2009 (UTC)
 * GrimJack →  — (Discuss) — The comic is correctly spelled with lower-case "j" per any number of editorials and letters pages within issues of the comic itself. Unclear where this notion of a capital J came from in the first place but it's wrong. —
 * Needs to be moved back. This was in the contested section, not the uncontested section. The correct spelling is GrimJack. See http://www.grimjack.com/ 199.125.109.102 (talk) 13:29, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
 * ''(I made that move-back. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 19:28, 25 February 2009 (UTC))
 * Clearly not uncontroversial. JPG-GR (talk) 17:47, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Then why was the logo—until very late in the original run—in two tiers, with "Grim" on top of "Jack"? That's no less than two separate words. And the title of a Wikipedia article is never changed ("moved") without discussion. --Ted Watson (talk) 22:36, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
 * That is not actually true. There are actually several cases where a name is moved without discussion. For, example video game articles from Japanse comapnies are often moved immeditaly when the English title is announed due to WP:UE etc. Obvously, this one needs discussion but it is not alaways necessary in every case. --76.66.186.226 (talk) 23:38, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Comment. That is true. The principle is to be bold and fix things that you see that need to be fixed. In cases where you know there is doubt, the principle is to discuss first, and in cases where you have no clue, the principle is to ask first. This was originally presented at WP:RM in an incomplete manner, with no place here for discussion. A cursory look at the article showed that the grimjack.com website used GrimJack, indicating doubt about the move. It is now open for discussion. Stylistically the title appears to be all lowercase for Grim and all uppercase for Jack in the illustration. Go figure. However the website uses GrimJack. 199.125.109.126 (talk) 03:19, 26 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Comment re: lower-case grim capital JACK. This is just a logo, similar in use to any other logo for any other product. The Diet Pepsi bottle sitting on my desk uses all lower-case for "diet" and all caps for "PEPSI". I don't think anyone would use that as the impetus for moving Diet Pepsi to "diet PEPSI". The GJ logo design was also changed beginning with issue 75, to all lower-case, which argues against the logo being considered as a factor in naming the article. Otto4711 (talk) 17:51, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

When I did a Google search I found both spellings, but it appears that the folks that publish the comic book on the Internet spell it GrimJack. I would suggest that John Ostrander (the writer) take it up with ComicMix, if he wants it spelled Grimjack. They spell it GrimJack. 199.125.109.102 (talk) 01:47, 1 March 2009 (UTC)
 * The comic book itself uses lower-case. This is the definition of "no-brainer". Otto4711 (talk) 05:20, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Why does the website use GrimJack? Are they not authoritative? FYI, you can read the comic book online, and it uses ALL CAPS, so I do not see how you can say it uses lower-case. By the way, this never should have been moved to Grimjack while this discussion was still in progress. 199.125.109.102 (talk) 05:59, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't know why the website uses the capital J. I do know, as I already said once, that the paper comic book uses lower-case beginning with Grimjack #1 (maybe even dating back to the Starslayer issues) in editorials, lettercols, any time the name appears in print outside of a word balloon. The creator uses lower-case. I have no idea who copy-edited the website text or if anyone copy-edited the website text. God knows proof reading isn't exactly a highly prized skill on the Internet. Given the choice between considering the comic book, which was produced by the creator and remained consistent through 81 issues, plus the various and sundry other books in which the character appeared which also used lower-case, and one website the author or editor of which may not have anything to do with the creation of the content or the character, go with the approximately 100 appearances of lower-case. Additionally, NAME indicates that "Grimjack" should be used and Manual_of_Style_(trademarks) states CamelCase is best used "where it reflects general usage and makes the trademark more readable". General usage as illustrated by the comic book itself is lower-case and the capital J does not make the trademarked name more readable. Otto4711 (talk) 17:19, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Could you take a look at the website and see if it is a faithful reproduction of the printed comics? I am reading through them, and I see that GrimJack is often referred to as "Jack". I see all uppercase, is that not the same with the printed copies (other than the covers, which all use "grim JACK")? 199.125.109.102 (talk) 17:53, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
 * The comic available online was never to the best of my knowledge published on paper. As I'm sure you're aware, in comics all lettering is done upper-case (except when used for an effect) so what appears in-panel isn't germane. Otto4711 (talk) 18:16, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
 * So if all comics are done in upper-case, where are you getting the statement that in the comic book itself it is lower-case? 199.125.109.102 (talk) 18:46, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
 * The text within the story is all done upper-case. There is also text that is outside the story. Ostrander wrote frequent editorials, which are typeset in regular type. There are letters to the editor columns, also done in standard type. There are lists of monthly titles, also typeset. Each time the name appears set in type it's done with the lower-case j. Do you own any comic books? Look at a letters page or a "Bullpen Bulletin" or a "Direct Currents" page and you'll see what I'm talking about with the typesetting of such pages. Otto4711 (talk) 22:33, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I would suggest that the owner of the character, John Ostrander, knows how to spell his own character's name and has spelled it with the lower-case j since creating the character over 25 years ago. What you're saying is the equivalent of "Well, Marvel has spelled 'Spider-Man' with a hyphen since the beginning but there are Google hits without the hyphen so our article should be without the hypen." Otto4711 (talk) 03:07, 1 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Superman does not go around calling himself Man, GrimJack calls himself Jack. 199.125.109.102 (talk) 12:31, 1 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Where does GJ call himself "Jack"? His friends call him (depending on the incarnation) "Jawn", "Gaunt", "Grinner", "Jackknife", "Boss", "Jim" or "Twilley". And what does this have to do with anything? Otto4711 (talk) 16:10, 1 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Also note that the ISSN and the Statement of ownership, management and circulation, both documented in issue 21, use the lower-case j. Otto4711 (talk) 17:26, 1 March 2009 (UTC)
 * See the link above. There are many others like that in "The Manx Cat". 199.125.109.102 (talk) 00:38, 3 March 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Family tree?
The biography section is very confusing to read, trying to keep track of brothers, half-brothers, more brothers (oops, that's father's brother, so uncle on the father's side).

And then we get to lovers and more... not to mention reincarnation in various forms. Somebody please diagram this! --Thnidu (talk) 03:46, 4 January 2012 (UTC)

Movie
I'm undoing the anonymous blanking of the brief section on the aborted plan to make a movie. Instead, I'm marking it "citation needed" and pinging the person who originally added the section. --Thnidu (talk) 14:57, 29 September 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Grimjack


text:
Cringleford

Cringleford is a civil parish and village in the English county of Norfolk. The village sits on the River Yare and forms part of the outskirts of Norwich.

History
Cringleford's name is of mixed Viking and Anglo-Saxon origin and derives from an amalgamation of the Old English and Old Norse for a circular ford over the River Yare.

In the Domesday Book, Cringleford is listed as a settlement of 25 households located in the hundred of Humbleyard. In 1086, the village was divided between the estates of Odo of Bayeux, Alan of Brittany and Roger Bigod.

Geography
According to the 2011 Census, Cringleford has a population of 2,963 residents living in 1,275 households.

Cringleford falls within the constituency of South Norfolk and is represented at Parliament by Richard Bacon MP of the Conservative Party.

St. Peter's Church
Cringleford's parish church is of Norman origin and is dedicated to Saint Peter. The tower was significantly remodelled in the Fourteenth Century with a further aisle being added in the late Nineteenth Century. The stained glass was installed in the early Twentieth Century by Lavers, Barraud and Westlake with a further depiction of Saint Andrew completed by Herbert Bryans.

Amenities
The majority of local children attend Cringleford Church of England Primary School which was recently extensively refurbished and extended. In 2017, Cringleford Primary was rated by Ofsted as 'Outstanding.'

Sports
Cringleford Lodge Cricket Club was founded in 2000 after the merger of Cringleford C.C. and Earlham Lodge C.C.

Cringleford Junior Football Club was founded in 2005 and is open to Children between ages 5 and 17.

War memorial
Cringleford's war memorial takes the form of a carved wooden plaque located inside St. Peter's Church. It lists the following names for the First World War:
 * Captain Kenneth N. W. Gibson (1888–1918), 32nd Battery, Royal Field Artillery
 * Lieutenant Norman Ayris (1891–1915), 98th (Field) Company, Royal Engineers
 * Private John Thrower (d.1916), 11th Battalion, Durham Light Infantry
 * Private William Shorten (1880–1916), 25th (Nova Scotia Rifles) Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force
 * Private Arthur E. Denmark (1882–1914), 1st Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
 * Private Ernest Elsey (d.1915), 9th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
 * Boy-Second Class Henry P. Fickling (1901–1918), HMS Powerful
 * Harold Bloomfield
 * William Broom
 * Leslie Bryant
 * John Moore
 * Charles Smith

And, the following for the Second World War:
 * Lieutenant-Commander Stanley L. Garrett (1905–1942), HMS Anking
 * Captain Maurice P. Gaymer (1916–1942), 4th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
 * Flight-Lieutenant Cyril D. G. Garland (1904–1942), No. 80 Squadron RAF
 * Corporal William A. C. Bond (1919–1944), No. 614 Squadron RAF
 * Lance-Corporal Percy H. J. Clark (d.1941), Royal Pioneer Corps

St. Peter's Church is also home to a second wooden plaque with a Roll of Honour listing the men of Cringleford who fought and returned from the First World War.

title: Cringleford


text:
East of Hope Street

East of Hope Street is a 1998 award-winning film drama directed and produced by Nate Thomas. It was executive produced by Tim Russ (best known for his role as Lieutenant Commander Tuvok on the Star Trek: Voyager television series) who also stars in the film. East of Hope Street had a limited release in theaters beginning on November 5, 1999 by The Cinema Guild. It had a home video street date on September 21, 2004. The gritty, urban, fact-based story is loosely based on director Nate Thomas's 10 years of experience working as a counselor in a group home for pregnant teens in Los Angeles. Russ plays a role autobiographical of Thomas. The film has been called "timely and provocative" by the Los Angeles Daily News, "an emotional and powerful film" by KCOP-TV, "stark and unflinching" by Backstage, and "a testament to the human spirit" by The Austin Chronicle.

Plot
East of Hope Street tells the real-life coming of age story of Alicia Montalvo, a teenage Salvadoran refugee caught up in the labyrinthine Los Angeles child protection system. Alicia struggles to survive the abuses of home, the inner city, and an overburdened social system in a Los Angeles most people never see.

Featured cast

 * Jude Herrera (as Jade Herrera).... Alicia
 * Tim Russ.... Casey
 * Magda Rivera.... Rosa
 * Eve Rivera....Carmen
 * Greer Bohanon.... Tameeka
 * Asanio Lara.... Carlos
 * Roxanne Coyne.... Bianca
 * Fabiana Medici....
 * Ranjani Brow.... Missy
 * Pete Panos.... Luis
 * Susanne McKenrick.... Mrs. Robertson
 * Daniel Chace.... Mr. Robertson
 * Joyce Rae.... Louise Carrington
 * Sebastian Cetina.... Mario
 * Barbara Jones.... Judge Francis Albee
 * Rafael H Robledo....Mr. Valez

Awards and nominations

 * Best Feature Film (New Orleans Urban Film Festival 1998)
 * Best Actor Award (Jude Herrera) (New Orleans Urban Film Festival 1998)
 * Best Urban Drama (New York International Independent Film Festival 1998)
 * 1st Place Cross Cultural (Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame Festival 1998)
 * Jury Award (Hollywood Black Film Festival 1999)
 * Best Feature Film nomination (Imagen Foundation 2000)
 * Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Film (Jude Herrera) (FAITA Awards 2000)

title: East of Hope Street


text:
User:Apetc

ApEtc <- That's me

Residence
I currently live in Mesa, Arizona and have for just over 11 years.

Interest in Wikipedia
This is a fantastic resource for most anything I've needed to look up. Whenever I find that something I'm interested isn't available or if further information is available on something that does exist, I update it.

Interests
As far as school goes, I'm currently a college student, going towards a BS in Computer Systems Engineering. Somewhat tentative choice of major, but the frontrunner so far.

For work I do tech support and in-house projects for a large tech company. This includes Windows, Linux, Mac OS X and any of a variety of Unix-based systems on a regular basis.

Computers have been a long-time hobby of mine. For the most part, all my computers are home-built. The one major exception being my laptop, a Dell Latitude D810.

Between everything else, I try to occasionally play video games, particularly my PlayStation 2. I'm a big fan of rhythm games, such as Konami's Bemani series and play Dance Dance Revolution, Stepmania (a DDR clone) and BeatMania IIDX at home regularly. DDR and IIDX on the PS2, SM on a PC. I also frequent a local arcade which has a large selection of rhythm games available.

I am also a big anime fan. Current series include Naruto, Witch Hunter Robin, Bleach, Yakitate!! Japan and Ghost in the Shell: Stand-Alone Complex.

For music, I am a longtime industrial fan, with some of my favorite bands being VNV Nation, Assemblage 23, and Imperative Reaction.

title: User:Apetc


text:
Bombardier Challenger

The Challenger is a family of mid-sized business jets produced by Canadair, and later by Bombardier Aerospace.

Aircraft include:

 * Bombardier Challenger 600 series, the original family of business jets, with the CL-600, CL-601, CL-604, and CL-605
 * Bombardier Challenger 300, business jet, originally called the Bombardier Continental
 * Bombardier Challenger 800/850, a business jet derived from the CRJ-200

title: Bombardier Challenger


text:
Talk:Cringleford

hello i have written a temporary article for cringleford which does not violate anything i believe.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Cringleford. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.cringlefordchurch.org.uk/trial_documents_011.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091101121908/http://www.south-norfolk.gov.uk/democracy/cringleford_parish.asp to http://www.south-norfolk.gov.uk/democracy/cringleford_parish.asp
 * Added tag to http://www.cringlefordchurch.org.uk/trial_documents_011.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111031094313/http://www.humbleyardpractice.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=57 to http://www.humbleyardpractice.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=57
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050417230835/http://www.eastspace.net/cringleford/home.asp to http://www.eastspace.net/cringleford/home.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:42, 14 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Cringleford. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110701212057/http://cringleford.com/history/history.shtm to http://cringleford.com/history/history.shtm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:07, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cringleford


text:
Talk:M1917 Browning machine gun

Untitled
The Browning design is completely different from that of the Maxim. The only thing they have in common is utilization of recoil energy for functioning.

No, the belt feed/water cooling/forward ejection/tripod/tee-slot breech block are almost an exact copy of of Maxim's/Vickers' designs. Even the short recoil system looks exactly the same, until you get to the lock.Ever see a Browning and a Vickers up close? The front of the breechblocks, look very similar. When you cycle the action manually with flaps up, they look alike feeding. Browning's tipping lock  was similar to a lot of his earlier designs. Troops say:"Brownings don't Break"--the best compliment. Make headspace/timing adjustment in the morning, and fire all day.70.176.118.196 (talk) 03:22, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

The Browning doesn't use a "tipping lock." The breechblock is locked by a "locking block" that slides vertically in the barrel extension, cammed by the "locking block cam" in the bottom of the receiver.

Nor does it have "forward ejection": the fired cases are pushed out of the T-slot and drop vertically out of the receiver.

I'm pretty sure the Germans impressed Polish Ckm wz.30s into the Wehrmacht during WWII, but I can't remember under what designation. If anyone has that info, add it both to this page under the Ckm wz.30 note, and on the wz.30 page itself.

 * I hate to nitpick, but of course they had many, many features in common. Both water-cooled, tripod-mounted, fabric belt-fed.....pretty standard stuff for heavy MGs of that era. DMorpheus 15:01, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

It's not Nitpicking--much of this was Very Close copies of Maxim's/Vickers' design. He should have paid royalties! However, the metal link belt Was an American invention,  in 1919. Browning designs could feed either. Now, everyone uses it. WE should get royalties!70.176.118.196 (talk) 03:22, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Hiram Maxim was an American, therefore the Maxim Gun is an American invention and the Vickers is a derivative. You owe us royalties. Pay up. Al Cook USA.

Browning M1917s supplied to the British Home Guard were in .30-06, not .303 caliber. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.4.171.144 (talk) 11:45, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

"Cradling?"
The M1917/18/19 were issued with an  asbestos glove to "cradle" (hip-fire) it in expedient fire if necessary; i.e; no tripod set up  or immediate use for AA fire. One American G.I. got the medal of honor (forgot whom) for that. He did it bare-handed, got two Zeroes in the Pacific theater. He had no glove and burnt his left hand. This is shown in a movie with Burt Lancaster in the role.70.176.118.196 (talk) 03:29, 5 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm pretty sure you're thinking of John Basilone, who was awarded the Medal of Honor after repositioning one of these guns on Guadalcanal and receiving serious burns to his arm in the process (and in turn fought off an entire Japanese Army regiment almost single-handedly with it). My understanding is that he did have to fire it from the hip before getting it repositioned.  I don't know of Burt Lancaster ever playing Basilone, but it's certainly possible he did. Wilhelm Meis (Quatsch!) 15:42, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

Derivatives
Should the M2 be listed as a derivative rather than related? I am under the impression that the actions are almost identical and the M2 is just scaled up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.125.2.134 (talk) 18:41, 5 May 2011 (UTC)

Edit to M1917A1
A few days ago I added a paragraph to the subject "M1917 Browning Machine Gun" and the paragraph M1917 and M1917A1 Ammunition Chests". Everything worked to include the references that appear in the "Notes". So yesterday I tried to add another paragraph to the same site. That one went in OK but the references of the first paragraph I had entered then was missing and I got a big error message.  So I went back in to edit and tried to correct this and spend a couple hours trying again and again to change it.  The correct information does show up under "show preview" and "show changes" but not on the main page.

I have given up trying to change it and I hope somebody else can fix it. Or better yet just delete the two paragraphs I added and forget the whole thing. I would do this myself but I think I might just make it worse.

The two paragraphs are the second and third paragraphs in the above cite reference beginning with "The wood ammunition box chest was replaced during WWII...." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:2:5C00:5EB:8559:4F1F:6E03:FAA4 (talk) 16:06, 20 January 2014 (UTC)

Range
I'm dubious about the claim that the French and British cartridges were longer range. Both of them, the 8mm Lebel in particular, are much less powerful rounds. Even if they did have a longer range, "50% greater range" is a HUGE difference. How could a 8mm Lebel be effective out to 50% greater range than the bruising .30-06? Even the .303 was pretty outdated by comparison to the .30-06...smaller case capacity, weaker case...the 8mm Lebel was even worse. It was already outdated by the start of WWI, yet they claim it was effective to such a vastly longer range? Seems extremely dubious to me. The only cartridge to achieve rough parity to the .30-06 was the German 8mm Mauser round, to the best of my knowledge..45Colt 07:16, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

 * The statement is sourced. The original .30-06 had lousy aerodynamics. Glrx (talk) 18:56, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

Article image
I believe the image for the article is actually a screenshot from the video game Battlefield 1 — Preceding unsigned comment added by VH1881 (talk • contribs) 05:58, 3 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:M1917 Browning machine gun


text:
User:Dkeithley

Todo: Something.

title: User:Dkeithley


text:
Belen

Belen, Belén or Beleń may refer to:

Places

 * Belén, the Spanish name for Bethlehem

Argentina

 * Belén, Catamarca

Bolivia

 * Belén (Aroma), La Paz Department, Bolivia
 * Belén (Potosí), Bolivia

Colombia

 * Belén, Boyacá
 * Belén, Nariño
 * Belén, Medellín, Antioquia.

Peru

 * Belén District, Maynas
 * Belén District, Sucre

Turkey

 * Belen, Çanakkale
 * Belen, Ezine
 * Belen, Hani
 * Belen, Hatay, a town and district of Hatay Province
 * Belen, Kumluca, Antalya Province
 * Belen, Kıbrıscık, Bolu Province
 * Belen, Tarsus, Mersin Province
 * Belen Pass

United States

 * Belen, Mississippi
 * Belen, New Mexico
 * Belen (Rail Runner station)

Elsewhere

 * Belén, Chile
 * Belén (canton), Heredia, Costa Rica
 * Belén, Honduras
 * Belén, Rivas, Nicaragua
 * Belén River, Panama
 * Belén, Paraguay
 * Beleń, Poland
 * Belén, Uruguay

People

 * Belen (given name), a list of people
 * Ana Belén (born 1951), Spanish singer
 * Marta Belen (1942–2005), American opera singer
 * Mhicaela Belen (born 2002), Filipino volleyball player

Schools

 * Belen High School (Belen, New Mexico), United States
 * Belen Jesuit Preparatory School, Miami, Florida, United States
 * Instituto Técnico Militar, formerly Colegio de Belén, Havana, Cuba

Other uses

 * Belén, a traditional Christmas nativity scene common in the Philippines
 * Belén Fraga, a fictional character in the Argentine telenovela Chiquititas
 * A.D. Belén, a Costa Rican football club
 * Belen point, a type of projectile point

title: Belen


text:
Pacific Raceways

Pacific Raceways is a mixed-use road racing and drag racing facility near Kent, Washington. The race track was constructed in 1959 and opened in 1960. The track was originally named Kent Pacific Raceways, then became known as Seattle International Raceways in 1969. After the landowner regained control of the track in 2002, the name reverted to Pacific Raceways.

Pacific Raceways features a 2.250 mi road course which is used by the SCCA, Society of Vintage Racing Enthusiasts (SOVREN), and ICSCC for automobile road racing. The Washington Motorcycle Road Racing Association (WMRRA) uses the course for motorcycle road racing. The course has more than 125 ft of elevation change and a naturally wooded back section.

The track hosted two NASCAR Winston West Series between 1984 and 1985, won by Jim Bown and Dale Earnhardt respectively and also hosted a NASCAR Northwest Series race in 2003, won by Jeff Jefferson.

Pacific Raceways hosts a performance driving school which offers several curricula, including sanctioned race licensing courses, performance driving, lapping clinics, and specialty driving instruction.

The facility also features a dragstrip, which hosts the NHRA Camping World Drag Racing Series Northwest Nationals and regional races, plus a dirt motocross track.

Since 1988, Pacific Raceways has been home to the Northwest Nationals (originally known as the Seafair Nationals ) of the NHRA Drag Racing Series.

The track played an important role during the heyday of professional sports car racing in the U.S. during the 1960s. From 1963 through 1968, Pacific Raceways hosted the Pacific Northwest Grand Prix, which was a round of the United States Road Racing Championship. From 1967 through 1970, the venue hosted an annual round of the SCCA Trans-Am Series, including the season finales in 1967 and 1968. The Trans-Am Series returned to the track in 1975, 1977, and 1982 through 1984. The SCCA Continental Championship for Formula 5000 cars visited the track from 1969 through 1971, and again in 1973.

The track hosted a two heat race weekend of the USAC Championship Car series in 1969. The first heat was won by Mario Andretti and the second was won by Al Unser.

Among the other champion drivers who have visited victory lane at Pacific Raceways are Mark Donohue, Brian Redman, David Hobbs, Ronnie Bucknum, Peter Gregg, Tony Adamowicz, Parnelli Jones, Elliott Forbes-Robinson, Pedro Rodriguez, Dave MacDonald, Ken Miles, Jim Hall and Jerry Titus.

Lap records
The fastest official race lap records at Pacific Raceways (formerly known as Seattle International Raceways) are listed as:

title: Pacific Raceways


text:
Leverett George DeVeber

Leverett George DeVeber (sometimes spelled De Veber ) (February 10, 1849 – July 9, 1925) was a Canadian politician who served as Member of the Legislative Assemblies of Alberta and the North-West Territories, minister in the government of Alberta, and member of the Senate of Canada. Born in New Brunswick and trained as a physician, he joined the North-West Mounted Police and came west, eventually settling in Lethbridge after leaving the police force. He represented Lethbridge in the North-West Legislative Assembly from 1898 until 1905, when Lethbridge became part of the new province of Alberta. He was appointed Minister without Portfolio in Alberta's first government, but resigned four months later to accept an appointment to the Senate, where he remained until his death.

Early life
DeVeber was born February 10, 1849, in Saint John, New Brunswick. His great-grandfather, Gabriel DeVeber, had been a British army officer who was rewarded for his service in the American Revolution with land in New Brunswick, where his descendants had lived since. Leverett George DeVeber was educated in Saint John and Kingston before attending King's College in Windsor, Nova Scotia. He was a prominent rower in New Brunswick, and also played cricket and baseball and took part in shooting, hunting, and fishing events.

He studied for a year at Harvard College and then completed his medical studies at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London, from which he graduated in 1870. He then studied at the University of Pennsylvania for a year. He practiced medicine in Saint John for six years, before coming west to join the North-West Mounted Police as a surgeon in 1882. Over the next three years he was stationed at Fort Walsh, Calgary, and Fort Macleod; it was in this last town that he left the NWMP to set up a civilian practice in 1885.

In 1885 DeVeber married Rachael Ann Ryan, who was born in Melbourne where her father was posted with the British Army. The pair had two children: Marion Frances DeVeber, who married shipbuilder Francis Dunn and moved to England, and Leverett Sandys DeVeber, who worked in Toronto for the Bank of Montreal.

DeVeber moved to Lethbridge in 1890, and became its Medical Officer of Health in 1893, in which capacity he continued until at least 1924. In Lethbridge he was involved in music: he took charge of his church's choir in 1891, and the same year sang at a local concert after the intended headliner, Nora Clench, failed to show up. He was also active with the Episcopalian church and the Canadian Order of Foresters.

Territorial and provincial service
DeVeber was acclaimed to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories in the 1898 election, and re-elected in the 1902 election. Though he was a Liberal, he wholeheartedly supported the efforts of Premier Frederick W. A. G. Haultain to conduct territory politics along non-partisan lines. As the federal government prepared to create two new provinces, Alberta and Saskatchewan, out of the Northwest Territories, DeVeber joined with Haultain in advocating the continuation of this non-partisan approach into the governments of the new provinces. This position put him at odds with the Liberal federal government, led by Wilfrid Laurier, who wanted the new provinces' governments to be Liberal. A Liberal, George Bulyea, was therefore appointed Lieutenant Governor of Alberta, and it was understood that he would appoint a Liberal as the province's first premier.

After Alberta's two most prominent Liberals, Peter Talbot and Frank Oliver, made it clear that they were not interested, DeVeber considered himself as a possible candidate. Less than two months before Alberta's formal creation, he wrote to his colleague in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories, Alexander Cameron Rutherford, that the possibilities "practically came to you and I, both of us weak enough God knows but we have the sense to see it." DeVeber's belief that he may be appointed premier does not appear to have been well-founded: his opposition to the introduction of party lines earned him the enmity of some Liberals, not least because it aligned him with Haultain, a Conservative. In the estimation of historian L. G. Thomas, DeVeber's fellow Liberals "were not inclined to take him too seriously" as a potential premier.

Once it became clear that he was not to become premier, DeVeber turned his ambitions towards the Senate of Canada. Though he had little interest in sustained involvement with the government of Alberta, he accepted Rutherford's (for Rutherford had been named premier) invitation to serve in his first cabinet as Minister without Portfolio. He made clear that he viewed the appointment as an interim one, to give Rutherford time to evaluate the many novice politicians entering the new province's legislature and, in DeVeber's words, "ascertain who of the new blood will rise to the surface". In keeping with the expectations of a government minister in the Westminster system, DeVeber ran in the 1905 provincial election, defeating Conservative William Carlos Ives by a comfortable margin in the Lethbridge electoral district.

Senator
DeVeber did not serve long either as minister or Member of the Legislative Assembly: having received word that he was to be appointed to the Senate, he resigned from cabinet on March 1, 1906—exactly four months after his appointment—and from the legislature March 7. He formally began his term as Senator the next day. His time as an MLA was so short he did not sign the rolls in the Alberta Legislature and was never sworn in.

While in the Senate, DeVeber chaired the Standing Committee on Public Health and Inspection of Foods. One issue examined by this committee was water pollution: beginning in March 1909 and for nearly a year afterwards, it studied the question in view of the increasing mortality from typhoid fever, and concluded, in the words of the University of Michigan's Jennifer Read, "that the country required some form of legislation to manage the problem. However, it was at a loss about the form it should take and from what body it should emanate." As chair of the committee, DeVeber attended an October 1910 federal-provincial conference in Ottawa called to attempt to coordinate all Canadian jurisdictions' responses to water pollution. Besides recommending that provincial governments use their constitutional authority over health and municipal government to prevent undue water pollution from municipal sewage systems, it advised the federal government to use its authority over navigable waterways to prohibit the dumping of most waste into them; DeVeber supplied a draft bill for Parliament's consideration.

At the same time, DeVeber's colleague Napoléon Belcourt was championing a similar measure in the Senate (as an Ottawa resident, Belcourt was disturbed by the effect on the city's water supply by the dumping of waste upstream, in Aylmer, Quebec), and while doing so he quoted extensively from the report of DeVeber's committee. When Belcourt's bill came up for debate, DeVeber scolded him on the floor of the Senate for misrepresenting the committee's report as being much more supportive of the bill than it actually was; in the estimation of University of Ottawa law professor Jamie Benidickson, DeVeber's comments assured the bill's defeat.

DeVeber remained a Senator until his death in 1925. Alberta's Mount DeVeber, located in Willmore Wilderness Park, is named in his honour.

title: Leverett George DeVeber


text: User talk:69.22.77.74

title: User talk:69.22.77.74


text: User talk:70.25.137.67

title: User talk:70.25.137.67


text:
Talk:List of metropolitan areas in the Americas

Why I made the reverts
Why I made the reverts: This is not a US Census bureau list, it is one got from the World-Gazetteer. Secondary cities are only listed if they are over 10% of the population of the metro area. -- Earl Andrew - talk 03:05, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

appologize
Since this is not the U.S. Census list, then I appologize for the comment I made on the summary edit. I based my information on the U.S. Census when I made the edit. UH Collegian

 * Thanks, there is a list I believe that bases it on US Census Bureau populations, just like there is a list based on Statistics Canada. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 06:50, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Just out of idle curiosity
Just out of idle curiosity ... Why does this list stop at 116> It seems like an odd number to stop with. :) RickK 07:22, May 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * It has more to do with the populations than the rankings. Note #116 has just a little over 1,000,000 people, signalling that that is the cut off. :) -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 08:18, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Binational Areas
Why not add in Detroit-Windsor, San Diego-Tijuana, and El Paso=Juarez? 69.171.160.71 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 23:16, 11 November 2009 (UTC).

Wrong, inconsistent and out of date data
The list seems to have wrong information. e.g. New York is listed as having 22 million whereas the United States metropolitan area article, which links here, lists it at 18,323,002. This leads me to believe that there are more problems with this list. Mind you, such a lists must be maintained regularly to be of any value..... Chelman 18:13, 26 November 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not wrong. The world gazatteer site has different paramaters for metropolitain areas. -- Earl Andrew - talk 18:47, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

In the case of the United States this list is mixing census defined MSAs and CSAs. (For instance uses New York's larger CSA                      figure and Chicago's smaller MSA figure.)  The source needs to settle on a single source of parameters. And yes when you look at New York's metro figure and not its CSA, the number you arrive at is between 18 and 19 million.chazman 18:34, 28 May 2007 (UTC) Charlotte metro has at least 2,500,000,you have almost 1,700,000 that actially down from the 2,067,000 you had befor Charlotte one of the fastest growing cities in the US how did the Metro Population go down,your list do not make sense. I moved to Rock Hill S.C.last year from Buffalo N.Y. I know how a city and area look when its lost POPULATION schools closing services declining boards being send in from the state to run the city.What I see here is new roads being build everywhere schools not having enough room and new ones being build. I just read an article where York country S.C.which Charlotte spills over into has over 208,000 people now, where in 1990 it had 140,000 and you can say that for all 12 of the N.C. and the 3 S.C. coutries Lancaster, Chester and York. Also your article about Statesvile being a Micametro is a joke Stateville growth is a part of the runoff of Charlotte a lot of these people work and play see the arts go to football games basketball games in Charlotte. COME ON LET GET REAL HERE.

San Francisco-San Jose?
Shouldn't it be San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose? or San Francisco bay area?
 * Oakland didn't make the 10% threshold I had for inclusion on this list. (was not 10% of the metro area population) -- Earl Andrew - talk 02:29, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

A strange source
I REALLY question the use of the World Gazetteer as the source for this information. They have some strange ideas on how a metropolitan area is defined. First and foremost, no nation considers cross-border proximity when calculating metropolitan area populations. It is a very strange move. This is not done because the border acts as somewhat of a barrier to regional economies and commerce. Many legitimate areas have whole corporations representing them; something that does not happen accross a national border. People also do not commute a great deal accross national borders for work... some DO, but not enough to warrant a declaration of a relationship of the same type that occurs among juristications whereby this sort of activity is not hampered by political and economic barriers.

Regardless, you will not see this done by either Statistics Canada or the US Census Bureau. Instead, I suggest combining StatsCan and Census Bureau data to use as the source. It just makes more sense. --24.85.245.200 01:55, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree on the strangeness of using the "World Gazetteer" as the source, and I would suggest to use those sources you cite (StatsCan and US Census Bureau), and also INEGI (for Mexico), and whatever is appropiate for other countries...

 * However, I disagree on your implication that the border acts as a barrier to regional economies and commerce. After all, the NAFTA agreements allow for cities in the US-Mexico and US-Canada border to trade, and I know many people who live in Mexico and work in the US, or who live in Canada and work in the US, and viceversa, simply by living in border towns. I think that listing border towns as metropolitan areas is a good move.

 * Finally, some Metro areas have special names given to them by sociologists or researches, such as the Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV Combined Statistical Area (CSA), or the Mexico Valley Metropolitan Area, which comprises what is commonly agreed to be the Mexico City metro area, plus the adjacen Toluca, and the urban sprawl of towns all over the surrounding side of the State of Mexico, in the Mexico Valley... Indeed, delimitating a metropolitan area according to a certain source or another will greatly affect how the population is measured. For example, Mexico City proper by itself, is 18 million in population, but adding the commonly agreed adjacent municipalities would give it the 22 million reported in this list (just below New York), but the Mexico Valley Metropolitan Area is the largest Urban Sprawl in the world, and the most populous with a little over 30 million inhabitants, so, different sources and different definitions of Metro areas will give different measurements, and a common one is needed to accurately compare the Metropolitan areas. --Hseldon10 12:50, 31 January 2006 (CST)

 * For CSA's that reach international borders, the definitions should stick to geographic sense (especially with Canada) and should be based on census divisions (counties, regional districts, etc.) instead of municipalities. For instance, the Detroit MSA across in Windsor should have all of Essex County, and the Buffalo-Niagara MSA should have all of the Region of Niagara. As for Mexico, it is harder to figure that one out as I don't know how they break it down. Vancouver BC should also be adjusted; I'd put at least Whatcom County, Washington in the consolidated area if that is the definition used. CrazyC83 03:45, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

Part of the problem with the source, at least when measuring U.S. metros, is that it relies on several sources for information. This leads to some interesting stats. For instance the people of Trenton NJ are counted twice in both the New York and Philadelphia figures. This happens because the New York CSA (a statistical region used by the Census that measures areas that receive a small but still measurable number of commuters coming from outlying areas into a the defined New York urban area for work)and the Delaware Valley Region (a non statistical region that relies on geography and public perception) are both used to measure the population of Trenton. For this source to be reliable it would have to settle on a single source to determine its figures. In the U.S. and Canada this is easily done by settling on using those country's census defined metropolitan areas. (For the record....Trenton has its own metro area.)chazman 18:11, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

United States Metropolotian Areas
Some of the United States Metropolotian Areas seem to be very unreliable. I find it hard to believe that the city of Rochester has a larger population than that of Calgary.
 * The metro areas of Calgary (1,060,300) and Rochester (1,039,028) are basically the same size in terms of population (as of 2005). --Polaron | Talk 03:40, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Some US Cities are small in population but large in suburban or metro areas. Salt Lake City and Orlando are good examples of cities around 150,000 people that have over one million people in their metro areas. Calgary has almost all it's people in the central city and few in it's metro area. This is why Rochester and Calgary are similar but the difference is most people in Calgary live in the central city, while most people in Rochester live in the suburbs

 * there's an edmonton calgary corridoor that covers an area comparable to some US metro cities.

that place would have 2-3 million people. 4.143.230.146 (talk) 05:16, 19 March 2008 (UTC)eric

Questions?
Where is all the information from the source used here, World Gazetteer? I could not find the specific info was looking for on World Gazetteer, maybe some of the other info is there, maybe I just didn't look hard enough, maybe it is now missing, I don't know. What actually constitutes a metropolitan area? Or better yet, what is the definition being used for this article?

I came to this article originally from the main Tennessee Wikipedia article, because it stated that the Tri-cities metro area (Johnson City, Kingsport, Bristol, TN/Bristol, VA) was the fourth largest in Tennessee, which I thought was in error. I thought the Chattanooga metro area had to be larger than the Tri-cities metro area. However when I found this article it listed Johnson City at 200 with a population of 504,827, which is WRONG, way WRONG! Johnson City has a population of about 55K as of last census (which I know for a fact, I live there and go by a city limit sign which states the population everyday). Maybe the article is supposed to read Johnson City metro area, if so then it should be Johnson City, Kingsport, Bristol, TN/Bristol, VA metro area, or better yet Tri-cities metro area.

Well, I decided to crunch some numbers and I added up surrounding counties/cities numbers I came up with a number close to the 504,827 figure. Again, what actually constitutes a metropolitan area? Also I understand the Tri-cites figure is going to include figures from Virginia, but stating largest metro areas in Tennessee, should the VA numbers be included? Are Arkansas numbers used for Memphis? Are Georgia numbers used for Chattanooga? (at least in the Tennessee article?)

I think this article needs a definition of what constitutes a metropolitan area, some kind of formula to go by. I also think there should be individual links for each figure stated.

I find Wikipedia to be a very good source for the most part, except when it comes to numbers, that is why I checked this source. Also I did check for vandalism, recent edits and this discussion page.

Also, I'd like to state that I respect ALL of you Wikipedians!!! You all work hard and provide a very good service to the world. I would do more myself for Wikipedia, but I do not have the time or patience, plus I really do not undrstand all the formatting, edit wars, etc, etc, etc. Also I just don't feel comfortable changing someone elses hard work, unless I ABSOLUTELY positive it is wrong, which I will do here. I will change Johnson City to Tri-cities or Johnson City, Kingsport, Bristol, TN/Bristol, VA, if I can figure out the formating.

Hope I haven't ruffled any feathers, if so I'm sorry I meant no offense. 24.158.102.32 00:13, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Ok, I changed Johnson City back to Tri-Cities again. I don't know if this data is correct, but I do know that there is no way Johnson City has that large of a population. Earl Andrew, you really seem like you know what you are doing, but why revert my change without an explanition? Maybe it was an accident, I don't know.24.158.102.32 18:55, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

Article needs to be updated
The source provided on this page has new data. Someone please update this listing. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Cooljuno411 (talk • contribs) 23:14, 10 April 2007 (UTC).

Golden Horseshoe
How come Toronto - Hamilton defines the golden horseshoe? They share one Television market and a lot of people commute from Niagara, Kitchener,etc. to Toronto. Toronto alone has 6 million people. I feel it should be Hamilton Toronto or St Catharines - Hamilton - Toronto - 8.15 million making it 8th in the Americas.

The Golden Horseshoe is not a metropolitan area but a region that closely resembles the CSAs found in the United States that are included in this source. The problem with this list is that it only sometimes list metropolitan areas as they are defined by census authorities. The list does include many CSAs, which are not metro areas, found in the United States (such as New York and Los Angeles....cities with much smaller metro areas than found here) and if it is to be a list of these larger urban regions, it should include the 8 million plus found in the Golden Horseshoe. If it does this however it should not purport to be a list of metropolitan areas.

in Canada metro area is comparable to csa. that's why metro Chicago and Denver are allowed to cover areas 10 times larger than Canadian metro areas do. that has to be taken into account when putting together lists like this. A third of Canada's population (11-12 million people) lives in an area that would be included in metro areas of some US cities. To have a city like that below Houston is indicative of a problem in the list.

chazman 18:25, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

Page doesn't match source...
On the article page it says one thing, but on the source it say something completely different. ex: Article on this page says San Diego-Tijuana is the 19th largest. On the source it says it is the 21st.

wrong
Santiago's population was 5.6 millions according to 2002 census, the list shows santiago with 5 millions according to 2008 proyection, but it really has nearly 7 millons now. Wrong data, I assume there is a lot of other wrong information here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.164.189.121 (talk) 19:23, 16 December 2008 (UTC)

List overhaul
I would like to propose completely overhauling this list to use official definitions of metropolitan areas and their population figures where available. The only countries that do not appear to have official metropolitan area or urban agglomeration definitions are Venezuela, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic. For these, we can keep the World Gazetteer source. For the U.S, which has two definitions, I am planning to use the monocentric metropolitan statistical area definition, rather than the polycentric combined statistical area. I will likely proceed in a few days unless there is strong objection. --Polaron | Talk 15:06, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

This is a bad idea. I believe that the "Metropolitcan Statistical area definition" does not truely reflect the true size of these areas. Los Angeles and Riverside-San Bernardin are truely one single Metropolitan area. San Diego, USA and Tijuana, Mexico is also truely a single metropolitan area that is split by the international border. The same is true for Detroit and Windsor, Canada. user:Mrsmith93309 —Preceding undated comment added 23:40, 22 April 2009 (UTC). Wenn sie nicht möchten das seiten bearbeitet werden müssen sie die seiten. (SPERREN) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.3.174.173 (talk) 23:42, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Convert to English please, so that we could answer your concerns. --Moreau36 (talk) 23:48, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

very biased information here
if you look at the stats you have cities like Denver covering areas close to 10 times more than some Canadian cities like Vancouver when Vancouver could easily double its population if it did the same thing. Toronto has 10 million people in the horseshoe area which covers an area almost the same as Chicago metro area. By US standards Montreal would have 5 million people. Toronto 10 million Montreal 5 million Vancouver 4 million

in Canada metro area is comparable to csa. that's why metro Chicago and Denver are allowed to cover areas 10 times larger than Canadian metro areas do. that has to be taken into account when putting together lists like this. A third of Canada's population (11-12 million people) lives in an area that would be included in metro areas of some US cities. To have a city like that below Houston is indicative of a problem in the list.Grmike (talk) 17:35, 10 April 2010 (UTC)grmike

Love it!
I love this list!!! But it would be better maybe if it includes top 60 cities? PlatinumFire (talk) 16:58, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

Inconsistency
This article is essentially choosing its own definitions of metropolitan areas without even being clear about how those choices are made. Among other things it states that it is using "official" definitions though since these are not legal entities, and the governments sometimes publish multiple definitions for what a given metro area is, it is not clear which definition the article is using, or what rationale it has for using this.

As a simple example, consider the New York metro area. The article states the population as 19,006,798. This would appear to be the population of the OMB-defined MSA. But there is also the OMB-defined CSA which has a population of well over 20 million. There is also the BEA-defined EA (economic area) which has a population in excess of 25 million. And none of these are legal entities nor do they have any degree of "officiality" beyond the statistics they are used for (indeed the local communities often define these areas differently).

Without clarification and a consistent methodology for determining how information in published here this article is essentially WP:OR.

--Mcorazao (talk) 22:07, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

 * P.S. The best thing would be to find a single, reliable source that publishes statistics for all of these. This would be the least original research. --Mcorazao (talk) 22:09, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

 * The Census bureau doesn't classify CSAs as metropolitan areas. MSAs are what the census bureau classifies as a metropolitan area. Choosing any other definition for US metropolitan areas wouldn't be appropriate then. Elockid ( Talk·Contribs ) 02:20, 8 March 2010 (UTC)

Los Angeles shortchanged
In the 1990s, the L.A. area was said to have more than 17 million persons (because it included Riverside, San Bernardino, Oxnard, etc.) The current definition of an MSA is not really compatible or reflective of reality. the CMSA comes closer to being real. Ryoung 122 18:35, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree on this but the definition of a CSA isn't a metropolitan area. If we make an exception, that might cause disputes and will create inconsistencies in the article.  E lockid  ( Talk ) 21:28, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

I'm sorry, I tend to agree on this. The United States always gets short-changed on these type of lists. A CSA is a metropolitan area. It just means that two large regions sit so close together geographically that they also have a combined metro area. There are tens of thousands of people that commute each way between San Jose and San Francisco, or Baltimore and Washington, DC. Therefore, each of those regions are actually one metro area. Not to mention they share the same tv stations, same newspapers, same radio stations; i.e, they are the same metro area. Now, tv and radio stations signals in San Jose aren't picked up in Los Angeles. And people aren't commuting between San Jose and Los Angeles everyday; therefore, they are two separate metro areas. Other countries of the world may have only one definition of a metro area, and may not have both CSA's and MSA's like the United States. But the definiton their governments are using is comparable to the United States' CSA's. Think about it this way: if Baltimore had a population of 60,000 people it would surely be in the metro area of Washington, DC; it's only 40 minutes away. But because it has 600,000 people it is now suddenly not part of the metropolitan area? That doesn't make sense. The city itself hasn't moved, it just grew. ---Another example: Tacoma (pop. 198,000) is considered part of the Seattle (pop. 608,000) metro area (MSA). Now if decades from now Seattle has 1 million people, and Tacoma has 800,000 are they now in separate metro areas? No. They are still in the same metro area. The U.S. government will simply state what was once known as the MSA for the entire region is now the CSA; and it will give figures and data for that. And it will then give figures and data for Tacoma and its extremely immediate environs, excluding Seattle and its extremely immediate environs. This is done simply because each city has a population large enough that some people may want various statistics about one of the cities and its immediate environs. But that doesn't mean they are not still in the same metropolitan area. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.211.88.48 (talk) 08:37, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I believe the Combined Statistical Area article even describes the area as a metropolitan area. It is the most expansive concept in America of the metropolitan area and is what is considered by everyday Americans as the metropolitan area. For instance, people consider the Los Angeles metropolitan area as encompassing of the Inland Empire (California) when, in fact, they are two different metropolitan statistical areas grouped under the Greater Los Angeles Area - or CSA. 08OceanBeach S.D.  18:22, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

I do consider the Inland Empire as part of the Los Angeles metro area. Yes, the federal government has given each of them their own metro designations, but this is because they both have large populations. Basically, there are commuters who only live, work, and commute in Los Angeles and its more immediate environs such as Burbank, Long Beach, or Anaheim. There are also commuters who only live, work, and commute within the Inland Empire. So due to this commute pattern and the large population of each, the federal government releases statistics on each one like population, racial make-up, housing costs, etc, since some people are more concern about data from only one of the areas. But there is another set of commuters: the tens of thousands that travel on a daily basis between the Inland Empire and Los Angeles/Orange County. As they travel between the two areas they share the same radio stations, they do not lose radio signals; when they come home they share the same tv stations; and they can also pick up a copy of the Los Angeles Times newspaper anywhere in Ontario or Riverside if they wanted to. -Not to mention the fact that there is suburban rail service (Metrolink) that runs between the Inland Empire and L.A. Suburban rail agencies across the country only serve the areas that are suburbs of the central city. If the Inland Empire were not part of the metro area, the ONLY rail service between the two would be Amtrak. -It's kinda like one person stating they own a Buick and another person stating they own a Chevy. Yeah; but it's still all GM. One person owns an Acura, another a Honda; but it's still all the Honda Corporation, doesn't matter. So L.A./Orange County and the Inland Empire are different divisions of the same metro area. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.211.82.178 (talk) 11:29, 7 July 2011 (UTC)

Inconsistent
This is very inconsistent; come on guys, get on it and fix this. The New York City statistics gives the number for the Combined metro population (CSA) while that of Los Angeles and San Francisco give the smaller MSA numbers instead of the CSA numbers. Los Angeles should be listed at roughly 17 million and San Francisco at about 8.5 million. Good writing is keeping facts consistent; people come to Wikipedia for accurate information. Get it fixed, keep it consistent and accurate.

List of metropolitan areas by area size (km²)?
Does somebody knows where one can find a list of metropolitan areas by size, preferrabily in square km? Why this list doesn't have this info in the table?

--Cesarakg (talk) 00:19, 13 February 2013 (UTC)

Guatemala city
is listed twice. oh sheeeeit.

 * Awesome city, eh? Has both 2.9 million AND 4.1 million people. Of course, the figures are a year apart, so maybe 1.2 million people moved there in 2011. Imagine the housing boom. 154.20.40.23 (talk) 08:55, 12 August 2013 (UTC)
 * The metropolitan area has a population of 4.1 million people as of 2011, perhaps there was an expansion between these figures or they are based on a different definition. Either way, the problem should be addressed. TB randley  (T • C  • B) 16:44, 12 August 2013 (UTC)

Toronto
I just wanted to point out issues with the numbers chosen for "Toronto."

This appears to be the citation for the Toronto figure. As it comes from Statistics Canada, it's a reputable source and that would seemingly end debate. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=535&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1

This is the link that shows the map for the definition of the Toronto Metropolitan Area. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page_Map_Carte_Detail.cfm?Lang=E&G=1&Geo1=CMA&Code1=535&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1&geocode=535

The problem is, as any Torontonian would tell you, a definition of a Metro Toronto area that excludes both Oshawa and Hamilton is, simply put, insane. People reading this are unlikely to be from Toronto, so I will simply point you to this. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area

The simple way to handle it would be to change Toronto to "Toronto-Hamilton." Oshawa's CMA does not meet the 10% inclusion threshold, but would also be included out of simple common sense. This would give Toronto a metropolitan area that more closely approximates what the US Census does. The corrected number, as listed here, (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Toronto_and_Hamilton_Area) is 6,574,140. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.62.175.171 (talk) 07:24, 6 May 2014 (UTC)

Caracas

 * Caracas Urban area is much bigger than here says, is at least 5-6 million pepole. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.73.95.88 (talk) 23:33, 6 December 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on List of metropolitan areas in the Americas. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.edomex.gob.mx/poblacion/docs/2009/PDF/ZMVM.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.edomex.gob.mx/poblacion/docs/2009/PDF/ZMVM.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 06:27, 2 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on List of metropolitan areas in the Americas. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20161113173513/http://www3.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/tabuladosbasicos/default.aspx?c=33725&s=est to http://www3.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/tabuladosbasicos/default.aspx?c=33725&s=est
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150612132512/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/ftp/cuadros/poblacion/proy_1025_depto_caba.xls to http://www.indec.mecon.ar/ftp/cuadros/poblacion/proy_1025_depto_caba.xls
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150404142938/http://www.oj.gob.gt/estadisticaj/files/poblacion-total-por-municipio1.pdf to http://www.oj.gob.gt/estadisticaj/files/poblacion-total-por-municipio1.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151106110552/http://www.ihsi.ht/pdf/projection/Estimat_PopTotal_18ans_Menag2015.pdf to http://www.ihsi.ht/pdf/projection/Estimat_PopTotal_18ans_Menag2015.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:44, 22 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on List of metropolitan areas in the Americas. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034241/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/ftp/cuadros/poblacion/proy_1025_depto_buenos_aires.xls to http://www.indec.mecon.ar/ftp/cuadros/poblacion/proy_1025_depto_buenos_aires.xls
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160131052513/http://www.one.gob.do/Multimedia/Download?ObjId=6299 to http://www.one.gob.do/Multimedia/Download?ObjId=6299
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120417084852/http://notizulia.net/images/notizulia/multimedia/Tapones_Viales/Plan/Ordenanza%20de%20Contenido%20General%20del%20Plan%20de%20Desarrollo%20Urbano%20del%20Municipio%20Maracaibo.pdf to http://notizulia.net/images/notizulia/multimedia/Tapones_Viales/Plan/Ordenanza%20de%20Contenido%20General%20del%20Plan%20de%20Desarrollo%20Urbano%20del%20Municipio%20Maracaibo.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:51, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

Mix up of CSA and MSA within US cities
The Wikipedia entry for US MSA is more accurate than this list which mixes up MSA and CSA. For ex. Dallas has the MSA value and Washington DC has a source that uses CSA numbers. This entry is for "List of metropolitan areas in the Americas" so the MSA values should be used. 2603:8081:210B:AAD:F89E:1632:1339:5C7E (talk) 21:11, 3 April 2024 (UTC)


text:
Supreme Court of Western Australia

The Supreme Court of Western Australia is the highest state court in the Australian State of Western Australia. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters (although it usually only hears matters involving sums of A$750,000 or more), and hears the most serious criminal matters.

Structure
The Supreme Court consists of a General Division (equivalent to the Trial Division in other states) and the Court of Appeal.

The General Division deals with serious criminal matters, civil cases where the amount claimed is greater than $750,000, criminal appeals from the Magistrates Court and appeals from other bodies such as the State Administrative Tribunal. The General Division sits in the David Malcolm Justice Centre for civil proceedings and the District Court of WA Building and the original Supreme Court Building for criminal proceedings.

The Court of Appeal hears both civil and criminal appeals from cases in the General Division, the District Court and the State Administrative Tribunal. It sits in the original Supreme Court Building.

When required, Supreme Court judges may also constitute the Industrial Appeal Court and sit as a Court of Disputed Returns.

The current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is Peter Quinlan SC who was appointed to the position in August 2018.

History
The Supreme Court was established on 18 June 1861 when the Court of Quarter Sessions (a criminal court for serious matters) and the Civil Court were amalgamated. Sir Archibald Burt was the first Chief Justice of the court.

The Full Court of the Supreme Court was established in 1886 to decide both criminal and civil appeals. In 1893 the criminal appeals were transferred to the Court of Appeal which was then reconstituted as the Court of Criminal Appeal in 1911.

The Supreme Court, Full Court and Court of Criminal Appeal were effectively the one court with each judge able to sit on cases in any of the courts.

Plans to relocate the Court building were announced to the public in March 1901, after a parliamentary committee examined various options and decided on the current location on St George’s Terrace. A government decree that only local materials be used in the construction caused difficulties and delays, culminating in a Royal Commission in 1902. Finally, the new building was officially opened on 8 June 1903, by newly-arrived Governor, Sir Frederick Bedford.

In 2004 the Full Court and the Court of Criminal Appeal were subsumed by the Court of Appeal, which, while still a division of the Supreme Court, has judges which sit solely on appeal cases.

Judicial officers
The Supreme Court is currently constituted by the following judicial officers (in order of seniority):

Chief Justice

 * Peter Quinlan (13 August 2018)

President of the Court of Appeal

 * Michael Buss (18 July 2016; appointed as Judge of Appeal on 1 February 2006)

Judges of the Court of Appeal

 * Graeme Murphy (3 August 2010; appointed as Judge on 28 April 2009)
 * Robert Mazza (2011; appointed as Judge on 4 March 2010)
 * Robert Mitchell (18 July 2016; appointed as Judge in October 2014)
 * Andrew Beech (24 May 2017; appointed as Judge on 25 June 2007)
 * Janine Pritchard (President, State Administrative Tribunal as of 4 June 2019; appointed as Judge of Appeal on 13 September 2018; appointed as Judge on 11 June 2010)
 * John Vaughan (4 June 2019; appointed as Judge on 30 April 2018)

Judges of the General Division

 * Rene Le Miere (Senior Puisne Judge) (2 February 2004)
 * Kenneth Martin (23 March 2009)
 * Stephen Hall (6 July 2009)
 * Michael Corboy (19 April 2010)
 * Jeremy Allanson (9 August 2010)
 * Jeremy Curthoys (10 February 2014)
 * Paul Tottle (10 August 2015)
 * Bruno Fiannaca (31 August 2015)
 * Joseph McGrath (28 November 2016)
 * Gail Archer (29 May 2017)
 * Anthony Derrick (6 March 2018)
 * Jennifer Smith (27 June 2018; acting judge from 1 August 2017)
 * Jenni Hill (4 June 2019)
 * Larissa Strk (9 June 2021)
 * Marcus Solomon (4 August 2021)

Master

 * Craig Sanderson

Principal Registrar

 * Kate McDonald (Acting)

Registrars

 * Christopher Boyle
 * Sandra Boyle
 * Danielle Davies
 * Simon Dixon
 * June Eaton (Registrar Court of Appeal)
 * Rainer Gilich
 * Janet Whitbread

Supreme Court building
The Supreme Court building has considerable heritage significance in Western Australia. In 1899, a joint parliamentary committee was formed to decide on the location of the new court building with three sites being considered. The locations were a site in Irwin Street, the old Government Boys' School on St George's Terrace and the current site. After a decision was made and a contract awarded for £55,888 11s 3p to RP Vincent and Sons in February 1901, an announcement was made to the public during March of that year. The foundation stone was laid on 2 June 1902 and would open on 8 June 1903 with WA Governor Sir Frederick Bedford present as was the Chief Justice Sir Edward Stone and the full court.

The two-storey brick building was designed by John Harry Grainger (father of Percy Grainger), Chief Architect with the Public Works Department of Western Australia. It is designed in the Federation Academic Classical style: a style that was often used for major public buildings of the time. The original design called for only local materials to be used with Donnybrook stone, Meckering granite and jarrah wood the choice. Stuccoed cement had to be substituted when insufficient quantities of Donnybrook stone of identical texture and colour were lacking for the building. Another change was the slate roof, when a galvanized roof was installed instead saving £5,425. Originally, the grand foyer was to be painted in colours reflecting those of the glass domes, but again shortage of funds dictated the substitution of whitewash. The foyer was more appropriately redecorated to celebrate the Court’s centenary in 2003.

David Malcolm Justice Centre
On 11 July 2016, the Supreme Court's Registry and General Division (Civil) relocated from the original Supreme Court Building to the new David Malcolm Justice Centre  located at 28 Barrack Street which is immediately north of the State Buildings complex.

title: Supreme Court of Western Australia


text:
Rebelde

Rebelde (English: Rebel) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Pedro Damián for Televisa, broadcast by Canal de las Estrellas (now known simply as Las Estrellas). It is a remake of the Argentine telenovela, Rebelde Way, adapted for the Mexican youth audience, leading to differences in characters' backgrounds. Rebelde originally aired from Monday, 4 October 2004, to Friday, 2 June 2006. It was replaced with Código Postal.

Rebelde is set in the Elite Way School, a prestigious private boarding school on the outskirts of Mexico City, with a major plot line revolving around six adolescent students – Mía Colucci Cáceres (Anahí), Roberta Pardo Rey (Dulce María), Miguel Arango Cervera (Alfonso Herrera), Diego Bustamante (Christopher von Uckermann), Guadalupe "Lupita" Fernández (Maite Perroni) and Giovanni Méndez López (Christian Chávez) – forming a band. Additional subplots involve the school's faculty and the students' parents. One trademark of the telenovela is the random use of English words and phrases, often used by fresa characters.

Another notable aspect is that the actors playing the band members are themselves in an actual group named RBD and perform most of the music used on the telenovela, including the opening theme song, "Rebelde". The group achieved international success from 2004 until their separation in 2009 and sold over 15 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling Latin music acts of all time.

Univision aired Rebelde weekdays afternoon at 3pm/2c from 21 March 2005, to 15 December 2006, replacing Corazones al límite. The last episode was broadcast on Friday, 15 December 2006, with Las dos caras de Ana replacing it on Monday, 18 December 2006.

In 2021, Netflix announced a reboot of the show, set for release the following year. The series, also titled Rebelde, was released on 5 January 2022, and is set 16 years after the end of the soap opera.

Caesars Entertainment Group announced that Rebelde will take residence at Caesar’s Palace in Las Vegas for six months in June 2024.

Plot
The Elite Way School is a private boarding school with international prestige where high-class students receive a high level of education to be prepared for a great future. The school has a scholarship program for people with low financial resources who have an excellent academic level. However, few even graduate since they are persecuted by a secret society called "La Logia" ("The Lodge"), whose purpose is to conserve the purity of the privileged class. Among the students are Mía (Anahí), Roberta (Dulce María), Miguel (Alfonso Herrera), Diego (Christopher von Uckermann), Lupita (Maite Perroni) and Giovanni (Christian Chávez). Six adolescents who, despite their differences, discover something that will unite them above all – their love for music.

Starring

 * Enrique Rocha as León Bustamante
 * Juan Ferrara as Franco Colucci
 * Ninel Conde as Alma Rey
 * Patricio Borghetti as Enrique Madarriaga (seasons 1, 3)
 * Leticia Perdigón as Mayra Fernández
 * Anahí as Mía Colucci Cáceres
 * Dulce María as Roberta Alejandra Pardo Rey
 * Alfonso Herrera as Miguel Arango Cervera
 * Christopher von Uckermann as Diego Bustamante
 * Estefanía Villarreal as Celina Ferrer
 * Karla Cossío as Pilar Gandía
 * Zoraida Gómez as Jóse Luján Landeros
 * Jack Duarte as Tomás Goycolea
 * Maite Perroni as Guadalupe "Lupita" Fernández
 * Eddy Vilard as Teódoro "Téo" Ruiz Palacios
 * Angelique Boyer as Victoria "Vico" Paz
 * Rodrigo Nehme as Nicolás "Nico" Huber
 * Christian Chávez as Giovanni Méndez López
 * Michel Gurfi as Joaquín Mascaró (season 1)
 * Grettell Valdez as Renata Lizaldi (season 1)
 * Miguel Rodarte as Carlo Colucci (season 1)
 * Tony Dalton as Gastón Diestro
 * Héctor Gómez as Hilario Ortiz Tirado (season 1)
 * Nailea Norvind as Marina Casares de Colucci (seasons 2–3)
 * Derrick James as Santos Echagüe Robles / Santos Echague (seasons 2–3)
 * Diego Boneta as Rocco Bezauri (seasons 2–3)
 * María Fernanda Malo as Sol De La Riva (seasons 2–3)
 * Antonio Sáenz as Iñaki (seasons 2–3)
 * Allisson Lozano as Bianca Delight (seasons 2–3)
 * Viviana Ramos as Dolores "Lola" Arregui (seasons 2–3)
 * Ronald Duarte as Jack
 * Rafael Inclán as Guillermo Arregui (season 2)
 * Patsy as Inés (season 3)

Also starring

 * Felipe Nájera as Pascual Gandía
 * Pedro Weber "Chatanuga" as Pedro / Peter
 * María Fernanda García as Alicia Salazar
 * Manola Diez as Pepa
 * Xochitl Vigil as Rosa Fernández
 * Gabriela Bermúdez as Elena Cervera de Arango
 * Alejandra Peniche as Damiana Mitre de Ferrer
 * Lourdes Canale as Hilda Acosta / Profesora Hilda Bernard
 * Dobrina Cristeva as Yolanda "Yoli" Huber
 * Abraham Stavans as Joel Huber
 * Jorge Zamora as Maurice
 * Aitor Iturrioz as Esteban Nolasco
 * Tiaré Scanda as Galia Dunoff de Gandía
 * Roberto "Puck" Miranda as Cosme Méndez
 * Patricia Martínez as Luisa López de Méndez
 * Cynthia Coppelli as Mabel Bustamante
 * Salvador Julián as Carlos Velásquez
 * Liuba De Lasse as Catalina "Cata"
 * Yessica Salazar as Valeria Olivier (seasons 2–3)
 * Gerardo Klein as Fernando Ferrer (seasons 2–3)
 * Lisardo as Martín Reverte / Octavio Reverte (seasons 2–3)
 * Lourdes Reyes as Julia Lozano (seasons 2–3)
 * Claudia Schmidt as Sabrina Guzmán (seasons 2–3)
 * Alfonso Iturralde as Héctor Paz (seasons 2–3)
 * Roxana Martínez as Milagrosa (season 3)
 * Miguel Ángel Biaggio as Javier Alanis (season 3)

Recurring

 * Eleazar Gómez as Leonardo Francisco Blanco (season 2)
 * Florencia del Saracho as Romina (season 2)

Special guest stars

 * Hilary Duff as herself
 * La Quinta Estación as themselves
 * Lenny Kravitz as himself
 * Ricardo Montaner as himself
 * Tiziano Ferro as himself
 * José Ron as Enzo

Casual
Both girls and boys wear red sport jackets with matching ties, and long-sleeved white dress-shirts. Boys wear blue jeans and black dress-shoes with their jackets and shirts, while girls wear blue denim miniskirts and black knee-boots. Moreover, girls often untuck and tie up their white dress-shirts, exposing their midriff. Girls also wear regulation underwear: full-cut black briefs with matching sport-bras, as demonstrated by Mia in the series' pilot. In the last season, girls wear denim blue skirts with blue knee boots.

Alternate casual
In later seasons, some girls wear a different ensemble with their white dress-shirts: ochre plaid miniskirts and brown sport jackets, with black Mary Janes and white knee-socks.

Formal
Both girls and boys wear black sport jackets with matching ties, and long-sleeved blue dress-shirts. Boys wear black dress-slacks with matching dress-shoes, while girls wear dressy black miniskirts with matching knee-boots. Girls rarely tie up their formal dress-shirts.

RBD
One of the topics that marked the success of the telenovela was the formation of a group named RBD (abbreviation for "ReBelDe"). The production of the series conceived the idea of the musical group to promote both the characters and the show itself. The project quickly surpassed the telenovela in success, so much so that it can now be considered as a separate concept (as Erreway of Rebelde Way did in Argentina). The series was a great promotion for the group since it was able to reach all of Latin America, United States, and several European nations. The group is one of the most impressive in the Latin pop genre and has had great success in Hispanic countries, the U.S. and even Brazil, where the telenovela and the group were highly successful. The show's success was so great that during the third season, the producers decided to lengthen the time of the episodes to one hour and a half, being the first telenovela with such duration.

Main songs

 * "Rebelde" performed by RBD.
 * "Solo Quédate en Silencio" performed by RBD.
 * "Malas Intenciones" performed by Erik Rubín.
 * "Plástico" performed by Natasha.
 * "Sálvame" performed by Anahí (as part of RBD).
 * "Nuestro Amor" performed by RBD.
 * "Aún hay algo" performed by RBD.
 * "México, México" performed by Anahí, Dulce María and Maite Perroni.
 * "Tras de Mí" performed by RBD.
 * "Este corazón" performed by RBD.
 * "No Pares" performed by Dulce María (as part of RBD).

title: Rebelde