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Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock

Helen Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock, (née Wilson; 14 April 1924 – 20 March 2019) was an English philosopher of morality, education, and mind, and a writer on existentialism. She is best known for chairing an inquiry whose report formed the basis of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. She served as Mistress of Girton College, Cambridge from 1984 to 1991.

Early life and education
Warnock was born Helen Mary Wilson on 14 April 1924 in Winchester, England, and was the youngest of seven children. Her mother Ethel was the daughter of the successful banker and financier Felix Schuster. Her father Archibald Edward Wilson (1875–1923) was a housemaster and German teacher at Winchester College and died before her birth. Her mother did not marry again.

Warnock was brought up by her mother and a nanny. She never knew her eldest brother, Malcolm (1907–1969), who had autism and was cared for in a nursing home, spending his last days in a Dorset hospital. Another brother died when very young. Her other brother, Duncan Wilson (1911–1983), was a British diplomat who became Ambassador to the Soviet Union before taking up an appointment as master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. When Warnock was seven months old the family moved to Kelso House, a three-floor Victorian house, now the music centre at Peter Symonds College. She and her sister Stefana were cared for primarily by the family nanny. Warnock was educated as a boarder at St Swithun's School, Winchester, followed by Prior's Field School in the town of Guildford in Surrey.

Warnock said that when she was a child she was embarrassed by her mother, who looked different from most people, often by wearing long flowing dark red clothes and walking with turned out feet. However, when Warnock was about 15 years old, she began to admire her mother's eccentricity and independent thinking.

The family's inherited wealth offered Warnock a privileged education; starting in 1942 she studied classics at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Her studies were interrupted during the war whilst she taught for two years at Sherborne School for Girls in Dorset. She returned to Oxford and graduated in 1948.

Philosophy
From 1949–66, Warnock was a fellow and tutor in philosophy at St Hugh's College, Oxford. In addition to her husband Geoffrey Warnock, then a fellow of Magdalen College, her circle during this period included the philosophers Isaiah Berlin, Stuart Hampshire, David Pears and Peter Strawson, as well the authors Kingsley Amis and David Cecil. She participated in radio debates on philosophy broadcast on the Third Programme. She was invited to write on contemporary ethics for a series published by Oxford University Press, which led her to study Sartre and Existentialism, resulting in three books published between 1963 and 1970.

She was Talbot Research Fellow at Lady Margaret Hall from 1972 until 1976. She published a book entitled Imagination in 1976. From 1976–84, she was a senior research fellow at St Hugh's College, and was made an honorary fellow of the college in 1985. She served as mistress of Girton College, Cambridge from 1984 to 1991. She retired in 1992, but continued to serve on public committees and to write and edit books, including The Uses of Philosophy (1992), Imagination and Time (1994) and An Intelligent Person's Guide to Ethics (1998). She delivered the Gifford Lectures, entitled "Imagination and Understanding," at the University of Glasgow in 1992. In 2000, she was a visiting professor of rhetoric at Gresham College, London.

Warnock wrote extensively on ethics, existentialism, and philosophy of mind.

Education
In the early 1960s, whilst still teaching at St Hugh's College, Warnock took a seat on the Oxfordshire Local Education Authority. From 1966 to 1972, she was Headmistress at the Oxford High School for Girls, giving up the position when her husband was appointed principal of Hertford College, Oxford. In the late 1970s, she published three books on the topic of education. In the 1980s and 1990s, she wrote a column for the Times Educational Supplement, as well as a pamphlet "Universities: Knowing Our Minds", and gave the Richard Dimbleby Lecture in 1985 on the topic, "Teacher Teach Thyself".

Broadcasting
Warnock was a member of the Independent Broadcasting Authority from 1972 to 1983. In 1980, she was considered for the post of Chair of the Board of Governors of the BBC.

Public policy
Because of her background as an educationalist, Warnock was appointed in 1974 to chair a UK inquiry on special education. Her report, published in 1978, brought radical change in the field, by placing emphasis on the teaching of learning-disabled children in mainstream schools and introducing a system of "statementing" children in order for them to gain entitlement to special educational support. Warnock subsequently expressed dissatisfaction with the system that she helped to create, calling it "appalling" because of the expense of its administration and its tendency to deny support to mildly disadvantaged children. She recommended the establishment of a new inquiry.

From 1979–84, she sat on a Royal Commission on environmental pollution. From 1982–84, she chaired the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology. Her report on this occasion gave rise to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990, which governs human fertility treatment and experiments using human embryos. Its effect has been to require licensing for procedures such as in vitro fertilisation and to ban research using human embryos more than 14 days old. According to Dame Susan Leather, a former chair of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, "perhaps the greatest achievement of the Warnock committee is that it managed to get an ethical consensus that people understood as well as shared".

From 1984 to 1989, Warnock chaired a Home Office Committee on animal experimentation; she was a member of the Government advisory panel on spoliation from 1998. In 2008, Warnock, a committed advocate of euthanasia, caused controversy with an opinion that people with dementia should be allowed to elect to die if they felt they were "a burden to their family or the state". Aged 90, Warnock took part enthusiastically in a review of her public life as documented by BBC Sound Archives (12 July 2014).

Charity appointments
Warnock was the President of Listening Books, a charity providing audiobooks for people who struggle to read due to an illness, disability, learning difficulty or mental health issue. She was a patron of The Iris Project, a charity that promotes the teaching of classics.

Appointments and honours
In the 1984 New Year Honours, she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE). Warnock was created a life peer on 6 February 1985, taking the title Baroness Warnock, of Weeke, in the City of Winchester. She sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher until her retirement from the House on 1 June 2015. Warnock was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to charity and to children with special education needs.

Warnock was elected an honorary Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 2000 and an Honorary Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2011. She was awarded an honorary D.Litt. degree by the University of Bath in 1987. She was made an Honorary Fellow of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford in 1984, and of Hertford College, Oxford in 1997.

In 2018, she was named as one of the TES ten most influential people in education, in recognition of her work on special educational needs. That same year, she was awarded the 2018 Dan David Prize for her work in bioethics.

Personal life
Warnock married Geoffrey Warnock, later vice-chancellor of Oxford University, in 1949. They had two sons and three daughters; he died in 1995. She died aged 94 on 20 March 2019.

She was often described as an "atheist Anglican".

Works
As chair of committees of inquiry:
 * The Warnock Report (1978): Special Educational Needs. London: HMSO (report by the Committee of Enquiry into the Education of Handicapped Children and Young People)
 * The Warnock Report (1984): Report of the Committee of Enquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology. London: HMSO
 * Warnock, Mary (1978). Meeting Special Educational Needs: A brief guide by Mrs Mary Warnock to the report of the Committee of Enquiry into Education of Handicapped Children and Young People. London: HMSO

As author:
 * Ethics Since 1900 (Oxford University Press, 1960); ISBN 0-9753662-2-X
 * The Philosophy of Sartre (Hutchinson University Press, 1963)
 * Existentialist Ethics (London: Palgrave Macmillan, New York: Springer, 1967) ISBN 9780333011782
 * Existentialism (Oxford Paperbacks, 1970) ISBN 0-19-888052-9
 * Imagination (1976) ISBN 9780520037243
 * Schools of Thought (Faber and Faber, 1977); ISBN 0-571-11161-0
 * Memory (1987) ISBN 9780571147830
 * The Uses of Philosophy (Blackwell, 1992) ISBN 9780631185833
 * Imagination and Time (Blackwell Publishers, 1994) ISBN 0-631-19019-8
 * Mary Warnock: A Memoir – People and Places (Duckworth, 2001); ISBN 0-7156-2955-7, ISBN 0-7156-3141-1
 * Making Babies: Is There a Right To Have Children? (2001) ISBN 9780192805003
 * The Intelligent Person's Guide to Ethics (1998) ISBN 9780715646151
 * Nature and Mortality: Recollections of a Philosopher in Public Life (2004); ISBN 0-8264-7323-7
 * An Intelligent Person's Guide to Ethics (Duckworth, 2004); ISBN 0-7156-3320-1
 * Easeful Death, with Elisabeth MacDonald (OUP, 2008) ISBN 9780199561841
 * Dishonest to God: On Keeping Religion Out of Politics (Continuum, 2010); ISBN 978-1-4411-2712-9
 * Critical Reflections on Ownership (Edward Elgar, 2015); ISBN 978-1-78195-547-5

As editor:
 * Sartre: A Collection of Critical Essays (1971)
 * Women Philosophers, London, J. M. Dent (1996) ISBN 9780460877381
 * Art for All?: Their Policies and Our Culture (2000; with Mark Wallinger) ISBN 978-0953977208

title: Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock


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User:Manop

Manop from Thai Wikipedia which is my home Wiki. You might leave me a message at either:
 * Thai Wikipedia - th:User:Manop
 * Twitter - @manop

Note to self - Page(s) to go

 * RFPP

th:user:manop

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Manop


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Chesley Awards

The Chesley Awards are the "pinnacle award" for art in the science fiction and fantasy genre. Established in 1985 by the Association of Science Fiction and Fantasy Artists, the awards recognize individual artistic works and achievements during a given year. The Chesleys were initially called the ASFA Awards, but were later renamed to honor famed astronomical artist Chesley Bonestell following his death in 1986. The awards are presented annually, typically at the World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon).

Chesley Award categories

 * Chesley Award for Best Cover Illustration – Hardcover
 * Chesley Award for Best Cover Illustration – Paperback/Ebook
 * Chesley Award for Best Cover Illustration – Magazine
 * Chesley Award for Best Interior Illustration
 * Chesley Award for Best Three-Dimensional Art
 * Chesley Award for Best Color Work – Unpublished
 * Chesley Award for Best Monochrome Work – Unpublished
 * Chesley Award for Best Product Illustration
 * Chesley Award for Best Gaming-Related Illustration
 * Chesley Award for Best Art Director
 * Chesley Award for Artistic Achievement
 * Chesley Award for Contribution to ASFA (through 2006)

Chesley Award results
Award Winners are listed on the ASFA website here: https://asfa-art.com/the-chesley-awards/past-winners/

title: Chesley Awards


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At Five in the Afternoon

At Five in the Afternoon is a 2003 film by Iranian writer-director Samira Makhmalbaf. It tells the story of an ambitious young woman trying to gain an education in Afghanistan after the defeat of the Taliban. The title comes from a Federico García Lorca poem and is a tale of flourishing against the odds.

It is the first film of Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban.

The film premiered In Competition at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival and was awarded the Jury Prize and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury. It won Golden Peacock (Best Film) at the 34th International Film Festival of India.

Plot
Nogreh is a young woman living in a war-torn Kabul with her father, sister-in-law and her sister-in-law's baby. covertly attending an all girls school against her conservative father's wishes. Nogreh is one of the few girls at the school who dreams of one day becoming president. While searching for water one day after school she comes across several truckloads of refugees returning from Pakistan and helps them resettle in the ruins she calls home. However, the number of refugees overwhelms the shelter where her family have been living and they are eventually forced out by several other families. They manage to find shelter in an abandoned airplane but this, too, is eventually overcrowded by refugees.

Nogreh meets a refugee among the ruins who is a poet. She asks him if he knows whether the president of Pakistan is a man or a woman and he, like everyone else, does not know. However, after befriending Nogreh and learning of her ambitions to be president, he helps procure political speeches and goes with her to a photographer to get photos of her that she can use to campaign.

Nogreh's father learns from one of the refugees that his son has died. Unwilling to tell his daughter-in-law, he moves the family further into the desert where his grandson dies of starvation and malnourishment.

In the desert they meet an old man who is waiting by his donkey, who is dying of hunger and thirst. The man had been trying to get to the city to speak on behalf of Osama Bin Laden to try to prevent him from being given to the Americans. Nogreh's father informs him he is too late and that the Americans have already invaded. After Nogreh's father buries his grandson the family continues on into the desert.

Development
At Five in the Afternoon was the first film to be shot in Kabul after the NATO invasion. It was an international co-production between the Iranian company Makhmalbaf Productions and the French companies Bac Films and Wild Bunch.

Makhmalbaf had difficulty finding an actress willing to play the lead character. Her original choice for the role would not allow her face to appear on camera.

Samira's 14-year-old sister Hana Makhmalbaf made a documentary about the making of the film, entitled Joy of Madness (Lezate divanegi). It documents Samira's trials and tribulations whilst trying to persuade people in Kabul to take part in her film. As a teenager, Hana was able to amass a lot of digital video footage unnoticed.

Reception
Deborah Young of Variety called the film "[a] poetic journey into the heart of Afghanistan today".

title: At Five in the Afternoon


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Adamant (disambiguation)

Adamant is a poetic term used to refer to any especially hard substance.

Adamant may also refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Adam Adamant Lives!, a BBC television series in the 1960s
 * Adamant (album), an album by the German band Stahlmann
 * Adam Ant (born 1954), New Romantic singer of the 1980s

Ships

 * HMS Adamant, several ships of the Royal Navy
 * USS Adamant (AMc-62), a 1941 Accentor-class minesweeper in the US Navy during World War II
 * Adamant (ship), several merchant vessels

Other uses

 * Adamant, Vermont, an unincorporated community in the US
 * Adamant Co., Ltd., a Japanese company

title: Adamant (disambiguation)


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Talk:Gold(III) chloride

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:08, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * AuCl3 furan alkylation.gif

Caution with app's
The research literature on gold-based catalysis is voluminous. For this reason, it is prudent to stick to secondary or tertiary literature. All organic chemists want the readers of their publications to conclude that the work is "useful". I could be wrong, but there are zero applications of any of soluble gold complex in the production of any commercial organic compound. Zero. The biggest app for gold remains jewelry, around 80%.--Smokefoot (talk) 23:40, 14 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Not all gold goes to the jewelry industry, some gold-based medicine are known and are actively used, such as Auranofin. However, I agree there are very little applications of gold compounds to produce any organic compounds. Keres🌕Luna edits! 02:04, 15 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Great. Yes, some antiarthritic drugs and such.  I really wish that Au was useful in org syn.  Maybe it'll happen, but I wanted to check that you knew.  Good luck with the article. Keep it up. --Smokefoot (talk) 03:41, 15 April 2023 (UTC)

" that Gold(III) chloride can directly convert a primary amine to a ketone without any additional steps?"
That statement describes a cool transformation. For a chemist, however, the statement requires qualification. The reaction is not very general. No one uses the process. It is stoichiometric. So ca. 300 g of AuCl3 is required to convert 100 g of cyclohexylamine to cyclohexanone that is easier to make otherwise. Chemists are however a critical crowd, and it may well be fun to tell the general audience that gold chloride has some potential as a reagent. --Smokefoot (talk) 23:58, 14 April 2023 (UTC)

Cyclohexylamine
Is this article referring to cyclohexylamine as a secondary amine? Edsanville (talk) 13:49, 20 May 2023 (UTC)

 * That was a recent vandalism. Fixed. Keres🌕Luna edits! 17:30, 22 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gold(III) chloride


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/1900 in television

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Consolidate with other pre-1925 years Mindspillage (spill yours?) 18:56, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

1900 in television
This page only lists one event. It is very unlikely that more events are going to be added. Also, see the List of years in television—years 1907, 1908, and 1923, which are also not rich with events, are listed there without a corresponding article. I do not see why 1900 should be different.Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis) 19:17, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete . I changed my vote. Consolidate per BD2412's compromise proposal below amended as per my comment (i.e., use 1925 as the cut date).—Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis) 19:28, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Objective and verifiable. It may be seen as trivial, but WINP.  Blackcats 19:42, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * My main objection is that it breaks the flow of the years in television. All these articles are interlinked (e.g., 1988 would point to 1987 and 1989).  1900 cannot be interlinked this way.  While Wikipedia is indeed not paper, I still don't see why 1900 should be kept, especially when 1907, 1908, and 1923 (not to mention all the years in between) are non-existent.  I will have no objections to (re-)creating these articles when they have more content than current one-liners (remember, the information in the article will not be lost, but merely moved to the main list of years).  I understand this reasoning of mine may still not be good enough for some voters to vote in favor of deletion, but I feel that I should let it be known.  Thanks.—Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis) 20:29, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Compromise proposal - how about making Before 1910 in television, and sticking everything pre-1910 in it. There's not much on the technology side, but should be plenty of births. -- BD2412 talk 20:38, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * I like it, but I would rather like see the Before 1925 in television article, as there is not really much information (besides, obviously, births) to be added.—Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis) 20:41, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * I thought about that, but my concern is that there would be too many births, as just about anyone who was significant on TV up to, say, the early 1960s was probably born before 1925. -- BD2412 talk 23:01, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)
 * Right now there are no births listed at all. When the list grows to the point of being unmanageable (if it ever does), we will deal with that problem separately.—Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis) 21:01, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. This information is just a copy of what is already at list of 'years in television'. Double Blue  (Talk) 01:06, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Consolidate all pre-1925 years articles into one, as suggested by Ezhiki. 23skidoo 01:26, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Consolidate per Ezhiki. --Jeffrey O. Gustafson 02:06, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as duplicate of information in another list. Vegaswikian 03:27, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Consolidate, again as per Ezhiki's Before 1925 in television suggestion. Angmering 10:26, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Consolidate per Ezhiki makes sense to me. — RJH 16:57, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Talk:Swedish Security Service

Move page to Swedish Security Service
I think this page should be moved to Swedish Security Service. I doubt the SÄPO acronym is much used in an English language context. It isn't even the official Swedish name/acronym for the service. Of course, SÄPO should still be kept as a redirect. / Alarm 19:18, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I see no reason to object to your proposition. I used the Isotalo Bible, google.com, and it agreed with you. --Fred-Chess 20:20, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Since there has been no objections whatsoever, I figure it's about time to move the page now. / Alarm 18:17, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * How exactly was this search performed? When I Google for the terms (for pages in English) SÄPO is twice as common. The number of hits for "Swedish Security Service" goes down quite a lot when adding "-wikipedia". Here are links to the searches:
 * +"Swedish Security Service" -wikipedia - 315 hits
 * +SÄPO -wikipedia -atogwan (the latter being first name of someone who actually has the last name "Säpo") - 843 hits
 * Some of the pages are in the SÄPO-search are actually in Swedish, though they don't seem to make up a significan amount of the hits. I frankly don't know which one is the most commonly used by, say, the CIA or MI5, though. Whatever they use should be the most relevant.
 * Peter Isotalo 12:07, 10 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The official home of SÄPO -- www.securityservice.se -- titles the security service "Swedish Security Service" in their English version of the home page. Furthermore, the site address itself should tell this being likely to be the official English name, and their main e-mail is securityservice@securityservice.se. -- Northgrove 00:30, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Swedish Security Service


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Autoantibody

An autoantibody is an antibody (a type of protein) produced by the immune system that is directed against one or more of the individual's own proteins. Many autoimmune diseases (notably lupus erythematosus) are associated with such antibodies.

Production
Antibodies are produced by B cells in two ways: (i) randomly, and (ii) in response to a foreign protein or substance within the body. Initially, one B cell produces one specific kind of antibody. In either case, the B cell is allowed to proliferate or is killed off through a process called clonal deletion. Normally, the immune system is able to recognize and ignore the body's own healthy proteins, cells, and tissues, and to not overreact to non-threatening substances in the environment, such as foods. Sometimes, the immune system ceases to recognize one or more of the body's normal constituents as "self", leading to production of pathological autoantibodies. Autoantibodies may also play a nonpathological role; for instance they may help the body to destroy cancers and to eliminate waste products. The role of autoantibodies in normal immune function is also a subject of scientific research.

Cause
The causes of autoantibody production are varied and not well understood. It is thought that some autoantibody production is due to a genetic predisposition combined with an environmental trigger, such as a viral illness or a prolonged exposure to certain toxic chemicals. There is generally not a direct genetic link however. While families may be susceptible to autoimmune conditions, individual family members may have different autoimmune disorders, or may never develop an autoimmune condition. Researchers believe that there may also be a hormonal component as many of the autoimmune conditions are much more prevalent in women of childbearing age. While the initial event that leads to the production of autoantibodies is still unknown, there is a body of evidence that autoantibodies may have the capacity to maintain their production.

Diseases
The type of autoimmune disorder or disease that occurs and the amount of destruction done to the body depends on which systems or organs are targeted by the autoantibodies, and how strongly. Disorders caused by organ specific autoantibodies, those that primarily target a single organ, (such as the thyroid in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis), are often the easiest to diagnose as they frequently present with organ related symptoms. Disorders due to systemic autoantibodies can be much more elusive. Although the associated autoimmune disorders are rare, the signs and symptoms they cause are relatively common. Symptoms may include: arthritis-type joint pain, fatigue, fever, rashes, cold or allergy-type symptoms, weight loss, and muscular weakness. Associated conditions include vasculitis which are inflammation of blood vessels and anemia. Even if they are due to a particular systemic autoimmune condition, the symptoms will vary from person to person, vary over time, vary with organ involvement, and they may taper off or flare unexpectedly. Add to this the fact that a person may have more than one autoantibody, and thus have more than one autoimmune disorder, and/or have an autoimmune disorder without a detectable level of an autoantibody, complicating making a diagnosis.

The diagnosis of disorders associated with systemic autoantibodies starts with a complete medical history and a thorough physical exam. Based on the patient's signs and symptoms, the doctor may request one or more diagnostic studies that will help to identify a specific disease. As a rule, information is required from multiple sources, rather than a single laboratory test to accurately diagnose disorders associated with systemic autoantibodies. Tests may include:
 * blood tests to detect inflammation, autoantibodies, and organ involvement
 * x-rays and other imaging scans to detect changes in bones, joints, and organs
 * biopsies to look for pathologic changes in tissue specimens

Indications for autoantibody tests
Autoantibody tests may be ordered as part of an investigation of chronic progressive arthritis type symptoms and/or unexplained fevers, fatigue, muscle weakness and rashes. The antinuclear antibody (ANA) test is often ordered first. ANA is a marker of the autoimmune process – it is positive with a variety of different autoimmune diseases but not specific. Consequently, if an ANA test is positive, it is often followed up with other tests associated with arthritis and inflammation, such as a rheumatoid factor (RF), an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a c-reactive protein (CRP), and/or complement protein|complement levels.

A single autoantibody test is not diagnostic, but may give clues as to whether a particular disorder is likely or unlikely to be present. Each autoantibody result should be considered individually and as part of the group. Some disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be more likely if several autoantibodies are present, while others, such as mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) may be more likely if a single autoantibody, ribonucleic protein (RNP), is the only one present. Those who have more than one autoimmune disorder may have several detectable autoantibodies.

Whether a particular autoantibody will be present is both very individual and a matter of statistics. Each will be present in a certain percentage of people who have a particular autoimmune disorder. For instance, up to 80% of those with SLE will have a positive double strand anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) autoantibody test, but only about 25–30% will have a positive RNP. Some individuals who do have an autoimmune disorder will have negative autoantibody test results, but at a later date – as the disorder progresses - the autoantibodies may develop.

Systemic autoantibody tests are used to:

 * Help diagnose systemic autoimmune disorders.
 * Help determine the degree of organ or system involvement and damage (Along with other tests such as a complete blood count or comprehensive metabolic panel)
 * Monitor the course of the disorder and the effectiveness of treatments. There is no prevention or cure for autoimmune disorders at this time. Treatment is used to alleviate symptoms and to help maintain body function.
 * Monitor remissions, flares, and relapses

Antibody profiling
Antibody profiling is used for identifying persons from forensic samples. The technology can uniquely identify a person by analyzing the antibodies in body fluids. A unique, individual set of antibodies, called individual specific autoantibodies (ISA), is found in blood, serum, saliva, urine, semen, perspiration, tears, and body tissues, and the antibodies are not affected by illness, medication, or food/drug intake. An unskilled technician using inexpensive equipment can complete a test in a couple of hours.

List of some autoantibodies and commonly associated diseases
Note: the sensitivity and specificity of various autoantibodies for a particular disease is different for different diseases.

title: Autoantibody


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bob And George

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirected to the existing and more complete Bob and George. - Mgm|(talk) 11:25, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

Bob And George
Delete. This is non-notable and probably self-promotion.WAvegetarian 19:19, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC) Redirect - I know of a few readers, and I'd argue it is notable. (Though personally I don't see the appeal) --John Kenneth Fisher 22:15, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's notable to me; it was one of the first webcomics that I started reading (though I no longer do). I don't think it's self-promotion (the author of the webcomic doesn't have to stoop that low), but it may be non-notable. For me, it's a weak keep. jglc | t | c 19:41, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - fairly notable - over 11,000 Google hits . Blackcats 19:47, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)  (Switch to redirect now that other article has been found) Blackcats 08:00, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment It has under 5,000 true hits, include the artist's last name. It only gets 11,000 if you count Bob and George (insert family name here) WAvegetarian 21:01, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The Google search I did was for "Bob and George" (in quotes like that) along with the word "comics." I'm pretty sure the vast majority of those hits were about this comic strip, and that a lot of people talk about the comic strip without mentioning the last name of the artists.  5,000 is actually impressive for last name too, since that means there are five thousand more in depth discussions about it online. Blackcats 21:56, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. In addition, certain resources tout this as "the first sprite-based webcomic ever," which, imho, is a notable position in webcomic history. jglc | t | c 20:14, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I've heard of it, and it's actually pretty funny, but the Alexa rank of 64,745 doesn't speak volumes about its notability. Somebody's probably going to say that that's "pretty good for a web comic" or something along those lines, but I don't see why we need different standards for webcomics vs. websites in general. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  21:10, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: If the assertion that B&G is really "the first sprite webcomic ever," I would think that might be grounds for notability. Would you accept making an exception to the Alexa-ranking criteria for a less-well-known, but genre-creating or -altering entry?  jglc | t | c 06:52, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 06:12, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - Andrew mentioned that he's heard of it, but I don't know if he's really into comics or not. I'm not a comic aficionado at all, but I'd heard of it.  For me that's a rule of thumb when judging notability - if the word's gotten around enough that someone like me, who's not into the overall genre has heard of it, then it must be notable.  Of course the converse of that wouldn't neccesarily be true.  But yeah - since I've heard of it, and I'm not a comics or web comics fan (and don't have any kind of personal connection with the authors and they don't live in my area) then it's notable.  Blackcats 19:24, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: a long-time staple of the webcomics genre (6 years with very few breaks), possibly the first sprite comic ever created, and for some time was actually funny; definitely notable. However, article does not establish notability and definitely needs expansion. --Oh!  Redirect Bob and George.  No wonder this article sucks--we've already got a much better one!  Marblespire 08:18, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect now that Marblespire's found Bob and George. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 08:26, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Curses! Capitalisation, mine foul enemy, thou hast struck me again! shakes fist. jglc | t | c 16:20, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Abram Smith

Abram Smith may refer to:

 * Abram Smith (American football) (born 1998), American football player
 * Abram D. Smith (1811–1865), American lawyer and politician
 * an African-American lynched in 1930 - see Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith

title: Abram Smith


text:
Witzelsucht

Witzelsucht ( "joking addiction") is a set of pure and rare neurological symptoms characterized by a tendency to make puns, or tell inappropriate jokes or pointless stories in socially inappropriate situations. It makes one unable to read sarcasm.

A less common symptom is hypersexuality, the tendency to make sexual comments at inappropriate times or situations. Patients do not understand that their behavior is abnormal; therefore they are nonresponsive to others' reactions. This disorder is most commonly seen in patients with frontal lobe damage, particularly right frontal lobe tumors or trauma. The disorder remains named in accordance with its reviewed definition by German neurologist Hermann Oppenheim, its first description as the less focused Moria (psychiatry) (pathologic giddiness or lunatic mood) by German neurologist Moritz Jastrowitz, was in 1888.

Case studies
A condition rarely diagnosed, Witzelsucht has been well documented in the recent era in at least two cases:

Case #1: A 30-year-old, right-handed man was admitted to the department of neurology for irritability, inappropriate behavior, and morbid hyperphagia with obesity. His inappropriate laughter and persistent pun and joke telling was a sharp contrast to his personality as an intellectual theological scholar, known for his exceptional memory as opposed to his sense of humor. This behavior was generally prompted by environmental stimuli such as physician’s rounds or blood sampling. To the patient, his behavior seemed normal, which explains why he remained nondiscriminating toward his jokes, their context, and their impression on those around him. Neurological examination revealed mild spastic left hemiparesis with minimal motor coordination and impairment of voluntary fine movements. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed hypoperfusion, or decreased blood flow, in the right frontoparietal area. Additionally, verbal and performance tests showed evidence of poor concentration skills, high distractibility, and difficulty with visual-spatial tasks. The patient’s performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was severely impaired, suggesting frontal dysfunction.

Case #2: A 56-year-old man, KS, was admitted to the hospital with signs of a putaminal hemorrhage, including dense paralysis on the left side of his body and face, difficulty swallowing, and visual field defects on his left side. On the fifth day of hospitalization, he was alert and cooperative with no disorientation, delusion, or emotional lability. He then became euphoric and outspoken, speaking in puns and witticisms with an exaggerated smile. The content of his conversations, however, was not bizarre or random. He would work in puns and jokes while speaking his concerns about his other physical symptoms from the stroke in a coherent manner. Sometimes he would not crack a smile at something he said to make others around him laugh hysterically, while other times he could not appreciate others' jokes. During this time, KS also developed hypersexuality, using erotic words and inappropriate behavior toward the female hospital staff. Before his stroke, KS's family reported he did make jokes on occasion, but never in this bizarre manner, and never behaved impolitely to women. MRI tests showed bleeding at the right putamen, extending into the posterior and lateral portions of the right thalamus and defects in the thalamus and right basal ganglion. Another test showed deficits in recent memory, orientation, abstract thinking, drawing, and verbal fluency.

Altered sense of humor
In both case studies, patients showed an altered sense of humor, mostly in regard to producing and appreciating humor. The right hemisphere is involved with processing speed and problem solving, which plays a role in humor processing. These patients have difficulty fully interpreting a joke's content, but can recognize the importance of the form of a joke. Patients with Witzelsucht often find non sequiturs, slapstick humor, and puns funniest since these forms of humor do not require integration of content across sentences. In other words, the end of the joke is not dependent on the first part; one does not need to make a logical connection to understand humor. Patients show no change in understanding simple logic, and understand the importance of surprise in humor (hence why they choose slapstick humor instead of the “correct” punch line); however, once they have registered this surprise, they cannot connect the punch line to the body of the joke to fully appreciate the true humor behind the joke. Successful jokes require a juxtaposition of the sound and the meaning of words used to understand the punchline. However, patients with witzelsucht have difficulty connecting the two, resulting in an inability to appreciate humor.

Additionally, patients show no emotional reaction to humor, whether produced by themselves or others. This lack of responsiveness is due to dissociation between their cognitive and affective responses to humorous stimuli. That is, even when a patient understands that a joke is funny (based on quantitative brain activity), they do not respond with laughter, or even a smile. While they have grasped the cognitive basis of humor, they do not affectively respond. This is also considered a cognitive component of empathy, affecting one's ability to take the perspective of others; hence why patients often do not respond to humor produced by other people.

Hypersexuality
This symptom is much rarer than the unusual use of puns and nonresponsive sense of humor most notably seen in Witzelsucht patients. Nonetheless, patients can still exhibit hypersexuality by making sexual comments at socially inappropriate times. Some signs of this behavior include impulsivity, poor judgment, deficits in emotional regulation, excess preoccupation with sex, and cognitive rigidity (difficulty in appreciating another’s emotion, inability to yield). More than likely this symptom is linked to amygdala damage that can occur during a stroke, which can also induce frontal lobe damage.

Role of the frontal lobe
Damage to the frontal lobe has been related to changes in personality. The frontal lobes are crucial for the development of personality, sense of self, and humor development. Anatomically, there are meaningful connections between the frontal lobes (specifically the polar and ventral/medial areas) and other brain regions related to affective-emotional responses. Early cases of Witzelsucht observed damage to the mesial-orbital region of the frontal lobe. In general, damage to this area results in puerility, disinhibition, and an inappropriate jocular affect. . The frontal lobes are also involved in processing narrative conversation and understanding abstract or indirect forms of communication, such as sarcasm. This is a critical role in humor appreciation. Subjects with damage to the right superior frontal cortex (Brodmann areas 8/9) choose punchlines which are simplistic and do not integrate content across a narrative. This region of the brain is responsible for problem-solving skills and holding information to recall during processing (i.e. working memory). Only damage to the right hemisphere of the brain, not the left, is linked to humor. Specifically, pathology in the right frontal lobe (specifically the superior and anterior regions) correlated with deficits in humor in patients as opposed to other brain regions in the right hemisphere.

One of the main roles of the right hemisphere, which is organizing and integrating information, is found in the right frontal lobe. Additionally, it is also responsible for episodic memory, which is essential in humor appreciation. A person may remember experiences in order to fully understand a joke in the current context. This remembering of personally experienced events is considered episodic memory. Appreciating humor requires integrated operations within the brain, all of which can be processed in the right frontal lobe. It has been considered a heteromodal cortex, which means that it responds to multiple stimuli, capable of interpreting internal and external sensory input. The coordination of these sensory interpretations are ideal for humor appreciation and production, one of the highest and most evolved human cognitive functions.

Functional behavior
One of the major theories of humor is the incongruity-resolution model, which considers humor appreciation as a problem-solving task. The punch-line, which can be taken out of place from the body of the text, must be detected and then connected with the lead. This logical process is an important role in the frontal lobes; therefore, damage to this area of the brain leads to difficulty connecting the start of a joke to the punch-line. In incongruity-resolution, there is more information to be integrated within the frontal lobe (i.e. when the joke makes more sense, in a somewhat logical way, the scripts within the brain can be unified better.) Patients with Witzelsucht cannot make that logical connection in incongruity-resolution jokes, hence why they communicate through nonsense humor, mostly in the form of puns and non sequiturs.

Two other components related to the frontal lobes contribute to the social behavior of a Witzelsucht patient. Previous studies have established a connection with the right hemisphere and emotional responsiveness. The specific anatomical location is still unclear, but it was shown that the right frontal operculum was most relevant in emotional gesturing. This, combined with the dissociation between cognitive and affective stimuli can explain why patients show no reaction to humor. Personality and drawing on past experiences have been shown to influence humor processing and appreciation. A person may remember past experiences in their own life in order to fully understand a joke in the current context. This remembering of personally experienced events is considered episodic memory, which is processed within the frontal lobes. Additionally, this inability to remember past experiences could also cause a person to forget what is socially appropriate; which could explain why Witzelsucht patients sometimes say hypersexual comments in public.

Hypersexuality in the brain
The amygdala plays a significant role in processing emotional stimuli and producing affective responses, which in turn is utilized in social interactions. The amygdala regulates the attachment of emotional significance to corresponding sensory stimuli. Lesions in the amygdala do not disrupt a specific sexual mechanism. Instead, they disturb the emotional processing of stimuli, which causes random and/or inappropriate responses. The amygdala has a positive effect on sexual behavior by allowing the appropriate attachment of emotional significance to external sexual stimuli. Previous human studies have shown an association between temporal lobe dysfunction and altered sexual behavior. There has also been evidence of hypersexual behavior after epileptic seizures. Epileptic foci can be found on the temporal lobe, near the amygdala. It has been postulated that there is an increased likelihood that a patient would exhibit hypersexuality directly after a seizure. Due to limited cases studying the connection between witzelsucht and hypersexuality, studies concerning epileptic foci on the temporal lobe could be looked at to gain more information.

Relation to other diseases
Witzelsucht can occur in the context of frontotemporal dementia, a neurological disorder resulting from degeneration of the frontal lobes and/or anterior temporal lobes. There are a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with frontal lobe dementia, including progressive declines in social conduct, insight, and personal and emotional regulation and reactivity. The most common social changes that arise in patients include awkwardness, decreased propriety and manners, unacceptable physical boundaries, and/or improper verbal or physical acts. Childish, frivolous, or silly behavior is associated with damage to the right frontal, and most likely adjacent orbitofrontal lobe involvement. This can be associated with Witzelsucht, as well as moria- a similar disorder resulting in childish euphoria and cheerful excitement.

Witzelsucht is considered a disorder of mirth or humor, which is distinct from disorders of laughter. Patients with Witzelsucht are essentially insensitive to humor, but are capable of producing it while other patients excessively laugh, often at things that are not funny. The most common disorders of laughter are associated with pseudobulbar palsy, which can be caused by severe brain trauma, most commonly in the right hemisphere. Pathological laughter in this can be triggered by trivial stimuli, which could be disconnected from the underlying mood, and be combined with crying. Pathological laughter can also occur in the absence of pseudobulbar palsy. Gelastic (laughing) seizures are another neurological case of inappropriate or excessive laughter occurring in brief bursts. Treatment for these disorders can include antidepressants and antimanic agents.

Potential treatment
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, venlafaxine, were given to case study KS four months after initial stroke that started symptoms of witzelsucht. Changes back to his original behavior were noticeable after daily dose of 37.5 mg of venlafaxine for two weeks. In subsequent two months, inappropriate jokes and hypersexual behavior were rarely noticed. Due to the rareness of this disorder, not much research into potential treatments has been conducted.

title: Witzelsucht


text:
Talk:Kailao

Untitled
I believe the title of the article is wrong. As far as I can make out the name of the dance the Tonga rugby union team do is called the Kailao not the Sipa tau. GordyB 19:21, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I have moved the article accordingly.

Changes
The Kailao and the Sipi Tau were confused in this article, but are two completely different dances. I didn't want to delete the info on the Sipi Tau, so it is still there. So you know that I'm not misinformed, I am Tongan and have been performing Tongan cultural dance since 1994, competing in dance competitions in New Zealand and Tonga, and touring New Zealand and Europe in its folk festivals with the Kafaola and Siueli 'oe Pasifiki Tongan cultural groups.

I just want to know why this song, that supposedly has nothing to do with rugby (if you read this article) has lyrics that pertain specifically TO rugby union (maul, loose forwards, half-backs, etc.) This is a BIG non-sequitar and must be changed accordingly.

title: Talk:Kailao


text:
The Fiery Angel (opera)

The Fiery Angel (Огненный ангел), Op. 37, is an opera by Russian composer Sergei Prokofiev. The opera was composed between 1919 and 1927. It was premiered posthumously in 1955 in Venice, in Italian. The work was not presented to Russian audiences until the 1990s, most notably by the Mariinsky Theatre, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Bryusov’s novel
Prokofiev's The Fiery Angel is based on a novel of the same name by Valery Bryusov. Prokofiev was more intrigued by the “orgies” (here, indulgence of passion) presented in the novel rather than the story ideas. The novel was inspired by Bryusov’s own experiences with Nina Petrovskaya, and was considered one of the beginnings of the Russian Symbolist movement known as Vesy, or “The Scales”. Petrovskaya was the mistress of Andrey Bely. In their time together, Petrovskaya also came to know Bryusov in 1904, which sparked concerns for Bely. There was an anticipated brawl on a remote road in Moscow, but a mutual friend of Bryusov and Bely prevented the fight. Petrovskaya, Bely, and Bryusov inspired Prokofiev’s characters in his opera, making the novel the prime source of inspiration for the work. The novel was also the basis for the libretto of Prokofiev’s opera, which the composer himself wrote with the help of Demchinsky.

Synopsis
The opera was originally composed of three acts and eleven scenes but was eventually reorganized into five acts and seven scenes.

Act 1
Renata, a young woman searching for a missing love, resides at an inn. Ruprecht, a knight errant, meets Renata at the inn. She tells him that, since her childhood, she has been in love with an angel. This angel, Madiel, encouraged her to do good deeds, and at the age of seventeen she finally asked for his physical love. The angel, in response, glowed in fury, but agreed to return in human form. After Madiel’s promise, Renata had met Count Heinrich von Otterheim. Convinced that this was her angel returned to Earth, Renata immediately gave herself to him. One year later, Otterheim left. In denial, Renata begs Ruprecht to help her search for Otterheim.

Act 2
As the two search for Otterheim, Ruprecht soon falls in love with Renata, although she does not share the feeling. They decide to resort to sorcery to find Otterheim, and a spell is cast. Three knocks are then heard at the door. Renata assumes the spell has worked and nearly goes insane at the thought of Otterheim returning. But nobody is there. Ruprecht and Renata seek out the powerful sorcerer Agrippa von Nettesheim. Once in his lair, they are met with his refusal to help; his concerns lie with the power of the Inquisition.

Act 3
Ruprecht learns that Renata has finally found Count Heinrich von Otterheim, who has rejected her. She begs to be avenged, learning that he was never her angel. Ruprecht attempts to exact revenge for Renata by dueling with Otterheim. The duel is one-sided, as Otterheim easily overcomes Ruprecht and injures him.

Act 4
Ruprecht and Renata have moved in together, but Renata now insists on joining a convent to better herself and for her soul’s sake. There is a comic relief, involving Faust and Mephistopheles at a tavern. (This tavern scene, used to break up the dark sarcastic nature of the opera, is sometimes left out.)

Act 5
Renata is in the convent, where the leaders accuse her of demonic possession. As an attempt to heal Renata ensues, all Hell essentially breaks loose (both on stage and in the orchestra) as the other nuns are also possessed. She is condemned by the Inquisitor to be burned at the stake.

History
With no previous commissions or any actual production being present, Prokofiev set out to write The Fiery Angel at one of the only times of his life in which religion was considered for his works. The thematic style is more like Prokofiev’s pre-Revolution operas (such as The Gambler), even with the ambiguity. The only theme that strays from the ambiguous is the theme involved with the evil forces.

The opera as a whole is a contrast to some of Prokofiev’s earlier operas (such as his opera The Love for Three Oranges) just by being a tragedy, and the story was considered very appropriate for Prokofiev’s dark and sarcastic style.

Prokofiev faced several challenges during the production of the opera. There was a large amount of extra material in the work, there were what was considered violations of theater, negotiations with different theaters both in Europe and America continued to fail. In the midst of it all, Prokofiev felt like he was unappreciated and unwanted, but his pride kept him striving for recognition.

In 1926, Bruno Walter made Prokofiev an offer to have The Fiery Angel produced at a Berlin theater, which prompted the composer to work on the orchestration. The orchestration was finished in 1927. The production was still unsuccessful. The opera and inspiration came and went, but it was the promises of production that kept Prokofiev writing.

Prokofiev, who had been working on the opera for years, was reluctant to let the music languish unperformed, and after hearing a concert performance of its second act given by Serge Koussevitzky in June 1928, he adapted parts of the opera to make his Symphony No. 3 in C minor, Op. 44, later that year.

Reception
The Fiery Angel was met with mixed reviews for different reasons. Largely, The Fiery Angel was, despite lack of productions, reviewed as Prokofiev’s “… strongest and most dramatically intense scores.” In a review of the Bolshoi performance of The Fiery Angel, it is said that Prokofiev’s “…score is crazy, but shouldn’t sound chaotic.” Prokofiev may have only been interested in the overarching story rather than the smaller details. It was also criticized that maybe the language would have been better in French rather than Russian. Some even called the opera a “16th-century Carmen with supernatural trimmings” amongst other mixed reviews. Another criticism is that The Fiery Angel is nothing but confusion and noise with the “modern” title. Using staging should not be there to make up for the music, but to mix with it and make a grand production. Prokofiev was able to write the music how he saw fit, which appealed to many more than the staging has, according to different reviews.

Recordings

 * The first was recorded in 1957, conducted by Charles Bruck with the Orchestra of the Paris Opera. The opera was performed in French with Xavier Depraz and Jane Rhodes in the leading roles.
 * The first Russian-language recording was released in 1990, conducted by Prokofiev specialist Neeme Järvi with the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra, starring Nadine Secunde and Siegfried Lorenz as Renata and Ruprecht with Bryn Terfel, Heinz Zednik and Kurt Moll in supporting roles.
 * Valery Gergiev, who has recorded a wide array of Russian operas with the Kirov Opera, released a recording taped from a series of performances at the Kirov opera, with Sergei Leiferkus and Galina Gorchakova as Ruprecht and Renata.

Source: Recordings of The Fiery Angel on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk

title: The Fiery Angel (opera)


text: User talk:68.216.29.69

title: User talk:68.216.29.69


text:
User:Pate~enwiki

Pate Cantrell lives in Gainesville, Florida. He is a student at the University of Florida and is employed at Barr Systems.

title: User:Pate~enwiki


text:
Institute of Education (Dublin)

The Institute of Education (IOE), is one of the largest private secondary schools in Ireland, teaching 4th, 5th and 6th year pupils. As well as preparing for the Leaving Certificate, fourth year pupils at the Institute have the option to study a selection of subjects from the Cambridge International GCSE programme (IGCSE) as well as CEFR Language exams.

Academic offering
A Senior Cycle-only school, the Institute provides several programmes. Those who wish to study full-time at the school are known as day students and pay standard yearly fees. Students may also attend the school's part-time and evening "grind" classes, which take place in the evenings and Saturday mornings, with intensive tuition, and fees based on the number of subjects taken. Intensive five-day revision courses are also available during normal school holidays at Christmas, Easter, winter mid-term break, in May and August. Study skills seminars available in September. The institute also runs preparation courses for the Health Professions Admissions Test (HPAT).

The Institute of Education is an official exam centre for Irish Leaving Certificate and BioMedical Admissions Test.

Self-financing
Unlike other secondary schools in the country, the Institute receives no government funding and is therefore not subject to the school rules and regulations put in place by the Department of Education.

Buildings and facilities
The school is located in a number of refurbished Georgian, terraced houses on Leeson Street in Dublin. It also has three newer buildings at the back of the terraced houses. The institute has a science laboratory, art room, home economics kitchen, computer laboratory, and a specialised technical drawing classroom. There are two halls for supervised study. All classes are recorded and livestreamed on Panopto for students to access. The Moodle system allows teachers to communicate with students and post online learning resources.

Academic performance
The institute is a grind school due to its focus on exam results, and is the single biggest provider of students to third level colleges and universities in Ireland.

Media
Between 2008 and 2012 the Institute of Education contributed to Exam Brief by the Irish Independent, a yearly six-part supplement dedicated to preparation for Leaving and Junior Certificate exams. This supplement is published in February, March and April each year.

Notable alumni

 * Stephen Byrne - (RTÉ) presenter
 * Katy French - socialite, model, writer, television personality and charity worker
 * Jedward - entertainers
 * Evanna Lynch - actress
 * Adam Murphy - footballer
 * Paul Murphy - Teachta Dála for Solidarity

title: Institute of Education (Dublin)


text:
Brad Delp

Bradley Edward Delp (June 12, 1951 – March 9, 2007) was an American-Canadian musician who was the original lead singer and frontman of the rock band Boston. He joined the band in 1970 and appeared on every album except Walk On (1994) and also participated in every tour prior to his death in 2007. Delp was known for his "unique and soulful singing and the vocal range of his 'golden' voice". ILoveClassicRock.com described Delp's tenor voice as "flawless" and "effortless", and ranked Delp third on its list of the top 10 male classic rock vocalists.

Early life
Delp was born in Peabody, Massachusetts, on June 12, 1951, to French-Canadian immigrant parents and raised in Danvers, Massachusetts.

Career
In 1969, guitarist Barry Goudreau introduced Delp to Tom Scholz, who was looking for a singer to complete some demo recordings. Eventually Scholz formed the short-lived band Mother's Milk (1973–74), which included Delp and Goudreau. After the band produced a demo, they were signed by Epic Records. Mother's Milk was renamed Boston.

The band's debut album, Boston, was released in August 1976. With over 17 million copies sold, the album ranks as one of the best-selling debut albums in U.S. history. The band was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. The album spawned three singles, "More Than a Feeling", "Long Time", and "Peace of Mind", all of which made the national charts. The album peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and remained on the charts for 132 weeks.

Boston was followed by Don't Look Back (1978), and Third Stage (1986). "Amanda", the lead single from Third Stage, went to number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Subsequent singles "We're Ready" and "Can'tcha Say" reached numbers nine and 20, respectively.

In 1990, Delp stated that he wanted to concentrate on other projects while Scholz concentrated on the legal dispute between Scholz and Paul Ahern, the band's manager at the time. In 1991, Delp and Goudreau formed a band called RTZ. When Scholz called Delp in to record the vocals on Walk On, Delp was already committed to doing a tour with Goudreau/RTZ and was unavailable to record with Scholz. Scholz contacted Fran Cosmo to complete the record. After Walk On was released in 1994 with Fran Cosmo on vocals, Delp and Boston reunited later that year for another major tour. Delp continued to record vocals on several albums and projects, including new tracks for Boston's 1997 Greatest Hits compilation and their 2002 release Corporate America.

From the mid-1990s until his death in 2007, Delp played in a side project, a Beatles tribute band called Beatlejuice. During this time, Delp also co-wrote and recorded with former Boston bandmate Barry Goudreau, and in 2003 released the CD Delp and Goudreau.

On October 16, 2007, several months after Delp's death, Barry Goudreau released a song with Delp on vocals. Entitled "Rockin Away", the song was co-written by Delp and Goudreau and recorded in mid-2006. It is an autobiography of Delp's musical career. The song reached #20 on the U.S. rock charts in January 2008.

Personal life
Delp was married and divorced twice, and had two children by his second wife, Micki, who had been a flight attendant on tour with Boston. Micki's sister, Connie, subsequently married band member Goudreau. Brad and Micki married in 1980 and divorced in 1996.

Delp was a vegetarian for over 40 years, and contributed to a number of charitable causes.

Death and aftermath
Sometime between 11:00 pm on March 8 and 1:20 am on March 9, 2007, Delp committed suicide via carbon monoxide poisoning in his home at 55 Academy Avenue, in Atkinson, New Hampshire. The Atkinson police discovered his body on the floor of his master bathroom. Two charcoal grills were found to have been placed in the bathtub and lit, causing the room to fill with smoke. The following day, Boston's website was replaced with a simple black background and white text message: "We've just lost the nicest guy in rock and roll."

A concert known as "Come Together: A Tribute to Brad Delp" occurred on August 19, 2007, at the Bank of America Pavilion in Boston.

The reason for Delp's suicide has been the subject of contradictory news reports and various lawsuits. A series of interviews conducted by the Boston Herald alleged that lingering hard feelings from Boston's disbandment in the 1980s and personal tension between Delp and bandleader Scholz drove the singer to suicide. Scholz denied these claims and filed defamation lawsuits. The court ruled that statements attributing Delp's suicide to Scholz were "statements of opinion and not verifiable fact and therefore could not form the basis of a claim of defamation". On June 6, 2016, the Supreme Court of the United States declined to review the case.

with Boston

 * Boston (1976)
 * Don't Look Back (1978)
 * Third Stage (1986)
 * Corporate America (2002)

with Barry Goudreau

 * Barry Goudreau (1980)

with Orion the Hunter

 * Orion the Hunter (1984)

with RTZ

 * Return to Zero (1991)
 * Lost (1998)
 * Lost and Found (2004)

with Delp and Goudreau

 * Delp and Goudreau (2003)
 * "Rockin' Away" (2007)

with Mark "Guitar" Miller

 * Whatcha Gonna Do! (2008)

Other appearances

 * Keith Emerson - Best Revenge - Playing For Keeps (1982)
 * Bruce Arnold - Orpheus Again (2010)

title: Brad Delp


text:
User talk:Lenov

Hello
Hello,

I'm one of the contributors to the Systems Biology article. I just wanted to thank you for your input and I hope that you will keep contributing to the Systems Biology article and talk pages.

Best Wishes and Happy New Year

Robnpov 22:51, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

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Image permission problem with Image:JPChangeux-small.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:JPChangeux-small.jpg I noticed that that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the image (or other media file) agreed to license it under the given license.

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 * make a note permitting reuse under the GFDL or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to [mailto:permissions-en@wikimedia.org permissions-en@wikimedia.org], stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the image to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the image has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to [mailto:permissions-en@wikimedia.org permissions-en@wikimedia.org].

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the image's use on the article or articles where it is included. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Images lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Moonriddengirl (talk) 21:39, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

 * To the above, I wanted to add that we have a similar concern with Image:DennisBray.jpg. Particularly when images have been demonstrably published elsewhere prior to placement here, we need external verification that we have authorization to use them. This is necessary to protect the project from legal difficulties. With this second image, the matter can be easily cleared up by having a release placed here. Alternatively, the e-mail processes above can also work. The Wikimedia Foundation assigns these e-mails an OTRS number which is placed on the image's page so that if at any point in the future our right to use the image is legally challenged, we are able to present proof of compliance with US copyright law. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 21:47, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Thank you for letting me know. I have tagged the images OTRS pending, which alerts other administrators that you have sent the letter. When the OTRS ticket is logged, the images should be cleared. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 00:59, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi. It often takes a few days for permissions letters to make it through the Communications Committee. Have you received any response to your e-mail? The images shouldn't be deleted while that permission letter is pending, but if they are, they should be easily restored once it is cleared. The only real problem I foresee would be if for some reason your permissions e-mail did not cover the necessary points to log the clearance, but even then it should be a simple matter to put them back on Wikipedia once the problems are straightened out. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 23:11, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

changeaux
your realise, of course, the word bibliography means list of books, or more specifically list of publications, right? further it is by overwhelming numbers the standard option for use as section headings. --emerson7 19:47, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

Disputed non-free use rationale for Image:JPChangeux-small.jpg
Thank you for uploading Image:JPChangeux-small.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale provided for using this image on Wikipedia may not meet the criteria required by Non-free content. This can be corrected by going to the image description page and add or clarify the reason why the image qualifies under this policy. Adding and completing one of the templates available from Non-free use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy. Please be aware that a non-free use rationale is not the same as an image copyright tag; descriptions for images used under the non-free content policy require both a copyright tag and a non-free use rationale.

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File:JPChangeux-small.jpg again
Did you forward the email giving permission to use this file to permissions-en@wikimedia.org as you were previously asked to do? Please do so as a matter of urgency. The image will be deleted shortly if you do not do so. I've listed the image at. Many thanks, Angus McLellan (Talk) 21:18, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

 * By far the simplest method of getting a picture uploaded is to have someone take a picture and upload it themselves on Wikimedia Commons. It will be useable here just as if it had been uploaded here only without endless emails and with much less chance of confusion as to acceptable licenses. Regards, Angus McLellan (Talk) 23:02, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Can you forward the email you got as explained at Requesting copyright permission and add OTRS pending to the image when you've done so? Many thanks, Angus McLellan (Talk) 20:07, 10 January 2010 (UTC)

Your recent edits
Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You may also click on the signature button located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your username or IP address and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. --SineBot (talk) 23:09, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

Picture of Jean-Pierre Changeux
Now that a message has been sent to OTRS, the matter should be straightened out soon. — Malik Shabazz Talk/Stalk 02:09, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

WikiProject Computational Biology
Hi Lenov. I saw that you recently changed the assessment for an article in the WikiProject Computational Biology. We have recently tried to revitalise this project by identifying and tagging articles of relevance. I'm not sure we've done a good job with systems biology articles so far. So if you were able to add tags to any of those you thought were relevant we'd be delighted :) There is a growing list of other tasks that you can help out with if you have a few free moments. See the discussion page. All the best. Alexbateman (talk) 08:25, 13 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your recent assessments! Much appreciated. If you have time to help any more I used a tool to identify all the articles in the Systems Biology category (and one depth of subcategory) that currently are lacking the Computational Biology WikiProject:

http://toolserver.org/~magnus/catscan_rewrite.php?depth=1&categories=Systems_biology&comb[union]=1&templates_no=WikiProject+Computational+Biology&templates_use_talk_no=1&PHPSESSID=s3l4ihbac6c7oqc1rln30ven14&doit=1

Hmm, looks like the wikipedia rendering is screwing up the URL. Hope you can work it out Alexbateman (talk) 17:35, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

Importance of biographies in WikiProject Computational Biology
Hi User:Lenov,

I see that we have now assessed all the ~750 article in the WikiProject, Yay! I was having a look through the Top importance articles and noticed that you had added some biographies in that category. I have been adding all the biographies as low importance unless they were someone who perhaps was completely fundamental to the field and then only giving them a mid importance. It would be good for us to get some consistency in our approach. From my perspective the top importance articles are those that someone from outside the field might come across or be interested in such as Bioinformatics. These articles are also likely to get a lot of traffic. Here is some very short guidance I found:

What do you think? Alexbateman (talk) 10:04, 17 June 2011 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:DennisBray.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:DennisBray.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

If you created this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to , stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to .

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read the Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. –Drilnoth (T • C • L) 17:59, 1 July 2011 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for November 24
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Neuroscience welcome
I just wanted to say welcome to WP:WikiProject Neuroscience. --Tryptofish (talk) 22:25, 2 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes, me too. Looie496 (talk) 22:51, 2 June 2013 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for January 15
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Disambiguation link notification for January 28
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Disambiguation link notification for February 27
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Stuart J Edelstein
This is an automated message from MadmanBot. I have performed a search with the contents of Stuart J Edelstein, and it appears to be very similar to another Wikipedia page: Stuart J Edestein. It is possible that you have accidentally duplicated contents, or made an error while creating the page— you might want to look at the pages and see if that is the case. If you are intentionally trying to rename an article, please see Help:Moving a page for instructions on how to do this without copying and pasting. If you are trying to move or copy content from one article to a different one, please see Copying within Wikipedia and be sure you have acknowledged the duplication of material in an edit summary to preserve attribution history.

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Reference errors on 26 July
Hello, I'm ReferenceBot. I have automatically detected that an edit performed by you may have introduced errors in referencing. as follows: Please check this page and fix the errors highlighted. If you think this is a false positive, you can [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=edit&preload=User:A930913/RBpreload&editintro=User:A930913/RBeditintro&minor=&title=User_talk:A930913&preloadtitle=ReferenceBot%20–%20&section=new report it to my operator]. Thanks, ReferenceBot (talk) 00:19, 27 July 2015 (UTC)
 * On the Nicolas Le Novère page, [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=673205511 your edit] caused a PMC error (help) . ([ Fix] | [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Help_desk&action=edit&section=new&preload=User:ReferenceBot/helpform&preloadtitle=Referencing%20errors%20on%20%5B%5BSpecial%3ADiff%2F673205511%7CNicolas Le Novère%5D%5D Ask for help])

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Cooperative binding
Hi, I am here about one of your reverts. I did not intend to vandalize the page; I was trying to make the page conform to MOS:HEAD (sentence case for headings and avoiding the repetition of the title in section headings). I have partially redone my edit (I agree that the first heading I changed would probably be clearer as it was) if that's all right with you. 20:29, 24 February 2017 (UTC)

Managing a conflict of interest
Hello, Lenov. We welcome your contributions, but if you have an external relationship with the people, places or things you have written about on Wikipedia, you may have a conflict of interest (COI). Editors with a conflict of interest may be unduly influenced by their connection to the topic. See the conflict of interest guideline and FAQ for organizations for more information. We ask that you:

 * avoid editing or creating articles about yourself, your family, friends, company, organization or competitors;
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Also please note that editing for the purpose of advertising, publicising, or promoting anyone or anything is not permitted. Thank you. Kirbanzo (talk) 18:24, 12 December 2018 (UTC)

May 2019
Hello. Your recent edit appears to have added the name of a non-notable entity to a list that normally includes only notable entries. In general, a person, organization or product added to a list should have a pre-existing article before being added to most lists. If you wish to create such an article, please first confirm that the subject qualifies for a separate, stand-alone article according to Wikipedia's notability guideline. Thank you. MrOllie (talk) 10:57, 9 May 2019 (UTC)

Cafetran Espresso moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, Cafetran Espresso, does not have enough sources and citations as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page. Dreamy Jazz 🎷 talk to me | my contributions 17:04, 23 May 2019 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Cafetran Espresso (May 23)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reasons left by AngusWOOF were:

The comment the reviewer left was:

Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved.

 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Draft:Cafetran Espresso and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Draft:Cafetran Espresso, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "db-self" at the top of the draft text and click the blue "publish changes" button to save this edit.
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AngusWOOF ( bark  •  sniff ) 22:16, 23 May 2019 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Cafetran Espresso (May 24)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by AngusWOOF was:

The comment the reviewer left was:

Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved.

 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Draft:Cafetran Espresso and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Draft:Cafetran Espresso, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "db-self" at the top of the draft text and click the blue "publish changes" button to save this edit.
 * If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and may be deleted.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&action=edit&section=new&nosummary=1&preload=Template:Afc_decline/HD_preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Cafetran_Espresso Articles for creation help desk], on the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:AngusWOOF&action=edit&section=new&nosummary=1&preload=Template:Afc_decline/HD_preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Cafetran_Espresso reviewer's talk page] or use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors.

AngusWOOF ( bark  •  sniff ) 16:21, 24 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Hey Nicolas, let's hold off from resubmitting this until (a) we've integrated all external references that we can find and (b) we've decided whether or not to integrate the notability evidence (or simply leave it in the Talk page). -- leuce (talk) 16:30, 24 May 2019 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Cafetran Espresso (February 16)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Sulfurboy was:

Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved.

 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Draft:Cafetran Espresso and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Draft:Cafetran Espresso, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "Db-g7" at the top of the draft text and click the blue "publish changes" button to save this edit.
 * If you do not make any further changes to your draft, in 6 months, it will be considered abandoned and may be deleted.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk&action=edit&section=new&nosummary=1&preload=Template:Afc_decline/HD_preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Cafetran_Espresso Articles for creation help desk], on the [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Sulfurboy&action=edit&section=new&nosummary=1&preload=Template:Afc_decline/HD_preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Draft:Cafetran_Espresso reviewer's talk page] or use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors.

Sulfurboy (talk) 07:50, 16 February 2020 (UTC)

WikiProject Medicine
If you're interested in connecting with other folks who edit medicine-related articles, then please feel free to drop by Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Medicine and say hello. There's a WikiProject Medicine/Newsletter if you'd like to see what's going on. WhatamIdoing (talk) 03:31, 12 February 2021 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:Cafetran Espresso

Hello, Lenov. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Cafetran Espresso".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been deleted. If you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Ə XPLICIT 03:29, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

Invitation to take part in a survey about medical topics on Wikipedia
Dear fellow editor,

I am Piotr Konieczny, a sociologist of new media at Hanyang University (and User:Piotrus on Wikipedia). I would like to better understand Wikipedia's volunteers who edit medical topics, many associated with the WikiProject Medicine, and known to create some of the highest quality content on Wikipedia. I hope that the lessons I can learn from you that I will present to the academic audience will benefit both the WikiProject Medicine (improving your understanding of yourself and helping to promote it and attract new volunteers) and the wider world of medical volunteering and academia. Open access copy of the resulting research will be made available at WikiProject's Medicine upon the completion of the project.

All questions are optional. The survey is divided into 4 parts: 1 - Brief description of yourself; 2 - Questions about your volunteering; 3 - Questions about WikiProject Medicine and 4 - Questions about Wikipedia's coverage of medical topics.

Please note that by filling out this questionnaire, you consent to participate in this research. The survey is anonymous and all personal details relevant to your experience will be kept private and will not be transferred to any third party.

I appreciate your support of this research and thank you in advance for taking the time to participate and share your experiences! If you have any questions at all, please feel free to contact me at my Wikipedia user page or through my email listed on the survey page (or by Wikipedia email this user function).

The survey is accessible through the LINK HERE.

Piotr Konieczny Associate Professor Hanyang University If you wish to opt-out of future mailings, please remove yourself from the mailing list. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:24, 13 December 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lenov


text:
HMS Revenge (1805)

HMS Revenge was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 13 April 1805. Sir John Henslow designed her as one of the large class 74s; she was the only ship built to her draught. As a large 74, she carried 24-pounder guns on her upper gun deck, rather than the 18-pounder guns found on the middling and common class 74s.

Career
Newly commissioned, and captained by Robert Moorsom, she fought at the Battle of Trafalgar, where she sailed in Collingwood's column. Revenge was engaged at the Battle of Basque Roads in April 1809 under Captain Alexander Robert Kerr. In October 1810, Revenge captured the French privateer cutter Vauteur off Cherbourg after a five-hour chase. Vauteur had been armed with 16 guns, but she threw 14 of them overboard during the chase. She had been out of Dieppe for 45 hours but had made no captures. She was the former British cutter John Bull, of Plymouth, and was restored to Plymouth on 19 October. The report in Lloyd's List announcing this news appears to have confused names. Vauteur appears to have been Vengeur. There is no account of Revenge capturing a Vauteur, but on 17 October, Revenge captured the French privateer lugger Vengeur, off Cherbourg. The lugger crossed to windward of Revenge before daylight, and Revenge gave chase, finally capturing her quarry after three hours. Vengeur was armed with 16 guns and had a crew of 78 men. She was one day out of Dieppe and had not taken any prizes.

On 6 November, HMS Donegal (1798) captured the privateer Surcouf. Revenge, Donegal, and the hired armed lugger HIRED ARMED LUGGER Sandwich would share in the prize money for Vengeur and Surcouf.

On 13 November 1810, the frigates HMS Diana (1794) and Niobe attacked two French frigates (FRENCH FRIGATE Elisa and Amazone), which sought protection under the shore batteries near Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue. Revenge and Donegal arrived two days later and together the four ships fired upon the French for as long as the tide would allow. The operation cost Donegal three men wounded. Élisa was driven ashore and ultimately destroyed as a result of this action; Amazone escaped safely into Le Havre.

She took part in the 1840 Syria operations as part of the Mediterranean fleet, under Capt. Waldegrave and was present in the attack on Acre.

Fate
Revenge served until 1842, being broken up in 1849. She was one of the first warships of the Royal Navy to be painted with the Nelson Checker.

title: HMS Revenge (1805)


text:
User:Monkey Tennis

Hello!

Monkey Tennis isn't my real name. It is a non-existent TV programme title suggested by Alan Partridge during my favourite scene of the BBC series I'm Alan Partridge.

If you want to know more about me you might be able to glean some vague, spurious information from my flickr account.

title: User:Monkey Tennis