text:
Mary Lee (suffragist)

Mary Lee (née Walsh) (14 February 1821 – 18 September 1909) was an Irish-Australian suffragist and social reformer in South Australia.

Early life
Mary Lee was born in Ireland at Kilknock Estate in the county of Monaghan. She was married in 1844 to George Lee. The couple had seven children and a 2018 biography gives details of her life in Ireland, notably running a school for girls. Her son John Benjamin Stedham "Ben" Lee moved to Adelaide, South Australia. When he fell ill in 1879, Lee, now a widow, and her daughter, Evelyn, immigrated to Adelaide aboard the steamship Orient on its maiden voyage. Ben died on 2 November 1880.

Australia
In 1883 Mary Lee became active in the ladies' committee of the Social Purity Society. The Society advocated changes to the law relating to the social and legal status of young women, advocating an end to child labour to protect girls from abuse and preventing them from becoming prostitutes or child brides. The group's success was a passage in the 1885 Criminal Law Consolidation Amendment Act that raised the age of consent from 13 to 16. Her first achievement was a new law to protect young women, which made it illegal for a man to have sex with a girl under 16.

The Social Purity Society also was concerned with the working conditions of women. After the bill was passed in 1885 the group began campaigning for workers' rights. In December 1889 at a public meeting Lee proposed the formation of a women's trade union. The Working Women's Trades Union was founded in 1890, Mary Lee was the union's secretary for two years. In 1893 Lee attended the Trades and Labor Council meetings, served on the sub-committee which examined conditions in the clothing industry, and on the Distressed Women and Children's Committee which distributed clothes and food to the families hit by the economic depression of the 1890s.

On 13 July 1888 Lee, the Social Purity League, and others met and formed the South Australian Women's Suffrage League. She was the League's co-honorary secretary and for six and half years she fought for women's suffrage. Her own letters and reports of her speeches show that she was an astute and logical woman, employing sound argument, wit and humour in her correspondence and public speaking. In 1889 she wrote: "Let husbands, brothers, fathers, be kept in mind that it is the duty of every free man to leave his daughters as free as his sons. -as women assist in maintaining Government they have a right to a say how and by whom they shall be governed. Nineteenth century civilisation has accorded to women the same political status as to the idiot and the criminal. Such is the basis of our reverence for the person of women and of our estimate of her work."

Lee was active in advocating the rights of the working class, publishing the following thoughts in The Barrier Miner in respect of the 1892 Broken Hill miners' strike:

"... Sir, this strike has one feature which renders it more profoundly interesting than any of its predecessors...which must secure it a prominent and distinguished page when the history of these colonies shall be written. It is that the women of Broken Hill are the first great body of working women who have raised their voices in united protest against the glaring injustice that 'the present constitution will not allow them a voice in framing the laws ...'"

Bills to grant women's suffrage were put forth in the South Australian parliament between 1889 and 1893, all failed. Spurred on by the grant of women's suffrage in New Zealand, Lee, the Social Purity League, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Democratic League travelled all over South Australia, which included the Northern Territory at the time, collecting signatures on a petition. On 23 August 1894 when the Adult Suffrage Bill was read in the South Australian parliament, the women presented the great petition. The petition contained 11,600 signatures, on paper sheets from all over the colony, that had been pasted together to make a roll 122 metres long. The bill passed on 18 December 1894, granted women the right to vote and stand for parliament, and South Australia was the first legislation worldwide to do so.

Once women had the vote, Lee was active in voter education, encouraging women to enrol and vote. By her 75th birthday, 60,000 women had enrolled to vote. In 1895 she was nominated to stand for parliament but refused.

She was appointed to the honorary position of the only female official visitor to the Lunatic Asylums in 1896. During this latter part of her life, Lee struggled financially and had to sell her library. She continued to correspond with women in other Australian states where suffrage was not yet granted.

She died in 1909 from pleurisy following influenza and was buried with her son Ben.

Mary Lee Close in the Canberra suburb of Bonython is named for her.

In 1994, to mark the centenary of the enfranchisement of women in South Australia she was accorded recognition as a national hero. A special proof coin was issued by the mint in her honour.

A full-scale biography of Mary Lee by Denise George was published in 2018 and well reviewed.

title: Mary Lee (suffragist)


text:
Boylan Catholic High School

Boylan Central Catholic High School is a private Catholic high school located in Rockford, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1960, Boylan is the only Catholic high school in the city.

At the start of the 2010–2011 school year, there were 1187 students enrolled. Enrollment numbers have decreased in the subsequent years. According to the school's website, in 2015–2016, the total number of students was only 956. It is located in and administered by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockford.

Athletics
Boylan competes in the Northern Illinois Conference (NIC-10), and is a member of the Illinois High School Association (IHSA); the association which governs most sports and competitive activities in the state. Boys teams are stylized as the Titans, while women's teams are stylized as the Lady Titans.

The school sponsors interscholastic teams for both young men and women in basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, swimming & diving, soccer, tennis, volleyball and track & field. Men may compete in baseball, football, and wrestling, while young women may compete in Soccer, swimming, basketball, track, cross country, golf, bowling, tennis, volleyball, cheerleading and softball. While not sponsored by the IHSA, the school also sponsors a dance team for women in all grade levels.

The following teams have won their respective IHSA sponsored state championship tournaments or meets:

 * Football: 2011 IHSA 7A State Champions. 2010 IHSA 6A State Champions.
 * Golf: 2013 IHSA 2A State Champions. 2002 IHSA 2A State Champions
 * Soccer: 2010 IHSA 3A State Champions. 2021 IHSA 2A State Champions.

Notable alumni

 * Virgil Abloh (1998), former DJ and fashion designer, as the Men's Artistic Director of Louis Vuitton and also with notable brands Off-White and Pyrex Vision
 * Jodi Benson (1979), American actress and singer, best known for her role as the voice of Princess Ariel from Disney's The Little Mermaid
 * Joe Coniglio (2004), former college football defensive end and current outside linebackers coach for the Los Angeles Rams
 * Derek Dimke (2008), former NFL kicker for Tampa Bay Buccaneers
 * Robert Greenblatt (1978), American television executive, former Chairman of NBC Entertainment
 * Damir Krupalija (1998), Bosnian-American professional basketball executive and former player
 * Dan Lindsay (1997), documentary filmmaker who won an Academy Award in 2012 for the documentary Undefeated
 * Marin Mazzie (1978), actress and singer best known for her work in musical theater
 * Joe Mantello (1980), two–time Tony Award-winning director (Assassins, Take Me Out)
 * Anthony Tyler Quinn (1980), American actor who played Jonathan Turner on Boy Meets World
 * Jake Smolinski (2007), MLB outfielder, Oakland A's
 * Dean Lowry (2012), NFL defensive end for the Green Bay Packers

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Boylan Catholic High School


text:
Talk:Electric arc

Untitled
Can melt or vaporize "virtually anything?" What is that supposed to mean? Sounds like a magic weapon! Maybe be specific on hardnesses of things it can't melt? I don't know enough about it, but that made me laugh.

 * This is a little late I guess, but what it means is that an arc's temperature is typically anywhere from 10,000 to 30,000 degrees F, or greater. In other words, a temperature ranging from a yellow star to a blue giant. That is well beyond the vaporization point of any material, including carbon (even in the form of diamond). Zaereth (talk) 00:20, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 147.154.235.51 (talk) 18:59, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

It is generally dangerous to look at an electric arc (except perhaps from a great distance), because it generally makes UV radiation that can be blinding, as I have been told. You might want to add that here on the arc page - and even flag it in your front page article on welding.Pdn 02:25, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

We have tons of articles about arcs and sparks but I am still not clear on the differences between each. See Talk:Spark gap for some questions I have about the different kinds of discharge. - Omegatron 14:20, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Does the magnetic field of the arc "attract" itself and change its shape? I know the shape changes due to heating of the air and convection. It seems like maybe the magnetic field would twist the arc? Just a hunch. - Omegatron 13:40, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

There seems to be an incorrect use of the word "etch" in the "Plasma Path" section. Also, the entire section seems anecdotal and non-essential. -- Brian Williams

I deleted plasma path section --Vladimír Fuka 19:55, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Electrical properties
A glow discharge is not an arc. Discuss current vs. voltage characteristics of arcs; higher current arcs need less voltage to sustain them, so there is an incremental negative resistance (source of many interesting properties). Discuss the regieme of currents - arcs only appear at fractions of an amp and upwards; microamp and nanoamp discharges aren't arcs. I'll have to read A. H. Howatson, An Introduction to Gas Discharges, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1965  again this weekend. --Wtshymanski 20:37, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

Can someone include some science in this artical which discribes the physics as to how an electrical arc occurs? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.201.224.96 (talk) 15:48, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

Removed paragraph for copyvio
Removed a paragraph from the Undesired arcing section. Copied from this source provided as a citation, which doesn't make it okay. I don't have a grasp of the material adequate to attempt a rewrite. Richigi (talk) 00:32, 30 March 2013 (UTC)

Lightning not an arc
Lightning IS NOT an arc discharge as your photograph states, it is an electrostatic discharge, a spark. Here is your own article. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning

Does anyone check this stuff? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Morzh (talk • contribs) 02:03, 1 October 2013 (UTC)

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Fluorescent lamp is not an arc lamp
I'm not definitive, but I'm fairly certain fluorescent lighting is a glow discharge, not an arc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.167.166.109 (talk) 10:37, 8 February 2018 (UTC)

 * It depends on the type of fluorescent lamp. Most fluorescent lamps emit electrons from the cathode due to thermionic emission. This is why rapid-start lamps actually preheat the cathode. By definition, the thermionic emission of electrons is an arc. However, it is a low-pressure arc, so that it emits more spectral lines than continuum radiation and is fat enough to fill the tube.

 * Cold-cathode fluorescent lamps operate using a glow discharge, basically operating like a neon light. These don't require a ballast, because they operate at a much higher voltage and pressure, and the reactance of the transformer is enough to limit the current. These are most often used for back-lighting for flat-screen TVs and similar applications. I hope that helps. For more info see Fluorescent lamp. Zaereth (talk) 17:53, 8 February 2018 (UTC)

The discovery is wrongly attributed to Vasily V. Petrov
The role of Petrov is a little questionable. Even in Russia it was already debunked as Russian propaganda, and uncovered that it was British, who actually discovered electric arc, while working under Petrov, who just appropriated his discovery: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2289495 ''>Русский ученый Петров никакой электрической дуги не открывал. Дугу открыл Мейджер — россиянин, но английский подданный, поэтому его, конечно, по боку, а Петрова назначили первооткрывателем...''

It is a common trope in Russia, when all discoveries are duplicated and named after Russian scientists. I heard France had similar practice.

--NikitaSadkov (talk) 10:26, 23 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Electric arc


text:
Long-range locator

A long-range locator is a class of fraudulent devices purported to be a type of metal detector, supposedly able to detect a variety of substances, including gold, drugs and explosives; most are said to operate on a principle of resonance with the material being detected.

Theory of operation
Skeptics have examined the internals of many such devices and found those that have been examined to be incapable of operating as advertised, and have dismissed them as overpriced dowsing rods or similarly useless devices. Virtually all such devices claim to operate on a resonant frequency principle where the device is said to emit an electromagnetic signal, either through an antenna or a probe, that will respond to a specific substance such as gold, silver, or sometimes even paper money, and that the device will indicate the presence of such material by indicating a change in direction relative to the operator.

This theory of operation is not supported by scientific theory; the devices have not been shown to work in blind testing, and the resonance principle invoked has not been shown to work in laboratories (and is not consistently employed by LRL manufacturers). In addition, the Inverse-Square Law limits the effective possible signal strength of any putative LRL; moreover, not only does this attenuation apply to the supposed emissions from the LRL devices, but the return signals from the sought-after targets are further attenuated by the same constraints. Since most of these LRL devices are powered by low voltage, low current AA, AAA or 9v cells, the resultant power available for emissions is quite minuscule at best, and the return signal would suffer even greater attenuation. Examples exist of LRL devices having no internal power source at all, and these are advertised as being self-powered or powered by ambient static electricity; these are indistinguishable from dowsing rods.

Scientific evaluation
Many such devices contain non-functional circuitry or naively constructed approximations of radio transmitters. A few do have functional circuitry, putting out a weak signal with a function generator or a simple timer circuit, but are still largely useless in comparison with a coil-based metal detector; others have been found to contain intentionally obfuscated or completely superfluous components (from individual components such as inductors or ribbon cables up to, in some cases, pocket calculators), often indicative of intentional fraud, incompetence, or both, by the designer. Such functioning circuitry as exists in such devices usually has no obvious way (motor, solenoid, etc.) to connect to any rotating joint in the device either, meaning the devices are often entirely dependent on the ideomotor effect to function.

Media exposure and controversy
Author Tom Clancy came under fire for including the DKL Lifeguard, a long-range locator purported to be useful for detecting people, in critical passages of his novel Rainbow Six. A study by Sandia National Laboratories proved the Lifeguard to be completely useless, and other designs by the Lifeguard's creator Thomas Afilani have been shown to contain numerous dummy components with no clear function.

Accusing the manufacturers of fraud, the UK banned export of the GT 200, used by the government of Thailand, and the ADE 651, used by the government of Iraq, in January 2010.

title: Long-range locator


text:
Talk:Michiel Horn

Untitled
I will add a pic and more stuff when I have time.

Dates inserted
Just in case you-all wonder where I got Michiel's birth date and his wedding date, well I just happen to be Michiel Horn's older brother and I just hapened to be a guest at their wedding, in other words Cornelia Maria Schuh is my sister-in-law.

Cheers folks, Peter Horn 03:33, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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text:
Bass Bumpers

Bass Bumpers are a German DJ and record production team, known for their Eurodance/techno music. They are originally from Germany, with members Henning Reith, Caba Kroll, CJ Stone, George Dee, Akira Yamamoto, and Reinhard "DJ Voodoo" Raith. They produced their own hits such as "Good Fun", "The Music's Got Me" (a number 36 hit on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Songs chart in 1992), "Move to the Rhythm" and "Rhythm Is a Dancer 2003" with Snap!. Perhaps their biggest success was when they co-produced Crazy Frog's remake of the popular hit "Axel F", which peaked at number one in the UK on 31 May 2005.

In 1992, they also produced some songs for Amanda Lear's album Cadavrexquis.

Their own tracks, "The Music's Got Me" (1992) and "Runnin (1993) were minor hits on the UK Singles Chart. The group also had a UK hit single in 2006 with a mash-up of "Phat Planet" by Leftfield and the Baywatch theme tune (as performed on the TV show's credits by Survivor vocalist Jimi Jamison as "I'm Always Here"). This new version was entitled "Phat Beach (I'll Be Ready)", with the group being credited as Naughty Boy (four years before British record producer Shahid Khan had a hit on the UK charts under that name.

In 2015, the group released "The Music's Got Me" with new mixes from North2South, La Chord, and Taito Tikaro.

title: Bass Bumpers


text:
Hilde Schramm

Hilde Schramm ( Speer; 17 April 1936) is a German politician for Alliance 90/The Greens (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen). Internationally she is best known as the daughter of the German architect and high-ranked Nazi Party official Albert Speer (1905–1981), and the younger sister of Albert Speer Jr. (1934–2017).

Biography
As a teenager, Schramm was awarded an American Field Service scholarship to study in the United States. The US government initially refused her a visa, but reversed its decision in the face of publicity, including offers of hospitality from several families (some of them Jewish).

Schramm became a prominent European political figure who distinguished herself for helping victims of antisemitism and Nazi atrocities. In 1994, she was awarded the Moses Mendelssohn Award from Berlin for her work. Schramm is active in politics, and has been a leader of the Green Party in Berlin. She has served as member of the Berlin House of Representatives from 1985 to 1987 and 1989 to 1991 and its vice president between 1989 and 1990.

Schramm had a lengthy correspondence with her father while he was in Spandau Prison, from which he was released in October 1966.

title: Hilde Schramm


text: User talk:64.66.192.61

title: User talk:64.66.192.61


text:
User:Pravoka

Pravoka is an important town located northeast of Castle Coneria in the fictional Final Fantasy world. Bikke the pirate initially controls the town, although he will relinquish it (and his ship) to whoever can defeat his nine pirates.

The word "pravoka" also has cultural significance outside the game. Sometimes when a man takes out an assault and battery warrant after being brutally kicked in the crotch by his girlfriend, police will ask, "Did you pravoka?"

title: User:Pravoka


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Meetro

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 03:41, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Meetro
Non-notable... As per Alexa test: Alexa ranking is 735,991. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 02:28, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  02:33, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Contentless advertisement.  Almafeta 03:31, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 05:56, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - vanity -CunningLinguist 06:48, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Non-notable, obvious vanity/advertising --capnez 21:11, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability not yet established. ElBenevolente 02:51, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Meetro


text:
WBT

WBT may refer to:

 * WBT (AM), a radio station, Charlotte, North Carolina, US
 * WBT-FM, a radio station, Chester, South Carolina, US
 * WLNK, a radio station, Charlotte, North Carolina, US; was WBT-FM
 * Warrington's Own Buses, a bus company in Warrington, England formerly known as Warrington Borough Transport
 * Web-based training
 * Wet-bulb temperature

title: WBT


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/WWDC-FM

Keep the topic, but delete the existing article. The station has a significant enough history for an article, but the current one's too opinionated. Fredo 02:32, 31 May 2005 (UTC) Update: I overhauled the article Fredo 20:52, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/WWDC-FM