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Michael Kiske

Michael Kiske (born 24 January 1968) is a German singer who is the co-lead vocalist for the power metal band Helloween. Kiske has also released four solo albums, two albums with the hard rock band Unisonic, has participated on various metal and rock related projects such as Avantasia, Place Vendome and Kiske/Somerville, and has performed with numerous bands as a guest vocalist.

Early life
Prior to joining Helloween, Kiske sang with the German band Ill Prophecy at the age of 17. The band recorded a demo, but it was never released commercially.

Personal life
According to Kiske "Usually I do a lot of reading, I like to watch American Sitcoms, I like Comedy, I like Science Fiction movies. When it comes to books I'm reading a lot of serious stuff. Maybe this is the balancing. When you read serious stuff, you also need to have fun that brings you down." "I'm very sensitive and I take betrayal very, very heavy. I don't wanna sound stupid, but I think I'm a good friend. If I call someone a friend, he's my friend, and it stays that way, and I don't betray...After the split with Helloween, I kind of locked myself up and was basically just living in books for a number of years. I had some amazing years just being like spiritual. Just being, thinking, learning and trying to understand life. The musician's life is very often very superficial. Everything happens as a big party, so the years after Helloween were the total opposite of that. I didn't have much happening on the outside, everything happened on the inside."

Helloween (1986–1993, 2017–present)
At the age of eighteen, Kiske was asked to join the German power metal band Helloween, which was fronted by singer/guitarist Kai Hansen. Hansen had some difficulties being both the lead guitarist and lead vocalist, and it was decided that a new vocalist would be needed. According to Kiske "I started very early as a singer, I got my school band and when I just barely got out of high school Markus from Helloween showed up in the rehearsal room telling me they were looking for a singer." Kiske rejected Helloween's first offer, because he disliked the sound of the band's Walls of Jericho album, but accepted the second and joined Helloween in late 1986. Kiske's first album with the band was 1987's Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part I, widely considered to be one of Helloween's best albums and a milestone in the creation of the power metal genre. Helloween went on to release Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II in 1988, which went gold in Germany and brought even more success than its predecessor. The Keeper of the Seven Keys albums proved to be highly influential and aided in the formation of a new wave of European power metal bands, such as Blind Guardian, Stratovarius, HammerFall and Edguy. The album's worldwide success enabled the band to embark on an extensive world tour and perform at famous festivals such as Monsters of Rock.

After the completion of the band's 1988 headlining tour, the album Live in the UK was released, while Kai Hansen left the band and was replaced by guitarist Roland Grapow.

Legal disputes with their record company prevented Helloween from releasing new material until 1991's Pink Bubbles Go Ape, which was followed by 1993's Chameleon. These two albums saw the band moving away from their power metal roots and experimenting with different sounds. Both Pink Bubbles Go Ape and Chameleon were commercial failures and resulted in Kiske leaving Helloween. Kiske was fired from the band in 1993, reportedly for personal reasons. He was replaced by Pink Cream 69's Andi Deris, who has remained with Helloween ever since.

In 2016 it was announced that Michael Kiske would join Helloween, together with Kai Hansen, for a reunion tour that would take place during 2017 and 2018. Kiske stated in 2018 that "For a long time, this was totally impossible for me, because I was hurt and full of anger and I didn't want to have anything to do with it. For a long time I didn't want anything to do with the metal scene. It went very deep. But in the last couple of years before the reunion, without me noticing, things changed somehow, and I realized something is different when I ran into Michael Weikath. It was a festival and suddenly I was standing in front of him and he said something like, 'Michael, what have I done that you can't forgive me?', which I thought was a great line. Then I just said, 'You know what? I think I have forgiven you a long time ago.' That was just how I felt. There was no anger — I was totally relaxed." It took another year until he agreed to take part in the reunion tour, as he asserted during a 2017 interview: "We'd just played some shows in Spain with Unisonic. We were getting changed backstage, getting out of our clothes, and Kai said: 'If we don't ever do anything under the name of Helloween again, we're just idiots.' And I said: 'You know what? I'm open.'" "Helloween was the mother ship and this tour somehow sums it up to me. It is almost like a circle that gets to the starting point. I got off the band, I have been through a lot of experiences and I don't want to miss any of it, because I know how important it was to go through all this. I am not angry anymore and I can forgive and forget."

The Pumpkins United World Tour started in October 2017 in South America and continued in Europe with concerts lasting close to three hours. On 8 December 2017 the single Pumpkins United, featuring the reunited line-up, was released. The reunion tour continued throughout 2018 in Japan, Russia, Ukraine and Europe in general, North America, Canada and Latin America. The Pumpkins United World Tour was the biggest one in the band's history as it comprised 69 shows and lasted for 14 months. A live DVD/Blu-ray entitled United Alive and the live album United Alive in Madrid were released on 4 October 2019.

The band embarked on a Brazilian tour in September 2019, which started at Rockfest (Sao Paulo) and ended with their performance at the Rock In Rio Festival.

A new album with Kiske and Hansen was released on 18 June 2021. The self titled album reached top ten positions in several international music charts.

Solo work (1996–2008)
On 16 August 1996, three years after leaving Helloween, Kiske released his first solo album, Instant Clarity. The album featured guest appearances by Adrian Smith of Iron Maiden, Kai Hansen and Ciriaco Taraxes and contained songs in a wide variety of styles. A music video for the ballad "Always", dedicated to deceased Helloween drummer Ingo Schwichtenberg, was filmed and produced in New York City.

During the same time he also wrote a book, Kunst Und Materialismus, (in English: Art and Materialism.) which is only available in German. Kiske said in 2003: "First of all, I wrote this book for myself. First I had to collect and define myself. This was a very good personality enhancement story. I then printed a few thousand in self-publishing. It is very difficult to translate as I have quoted many quotes from thinkers from the good old days in Germany."

His second solo album, Readiness to Sacrifice, was first only released in Japan on the Victor Label in April 1999, and later reissued in Europe 2001 by Noise Records. The music on the album featured Kiske moving completely away from his heavy metal roots towards a smoother AOR sound. Kiske also sang on two symphonic orchestral songs with The Bremer Weser Quartett on strings.

Kiske stated in 2003: "After I left Helloween I was insecure about myself. The situation with Helloween created such an inner conflict inside me, that I needed those albums to rediscover myself. I was disappointed in everything and everyone. I was angry at some people, but most of all of the metal-industry."

In 2003, out of desire to make rock music again, Kiske formed a band with studio musicians, named SupaRed. They released a self-titled album in January 2003 on Noise Records. This album had a modern rock sound and a song structure, distinct from both his solo albums and the heavy metal sound of Helloween. The project was under promoted, unsuccessful and because of some personal reasons Kiske dissolved the band. "It didn't work", he said in an interview.

In 2006, Kiske released his third full-length solo album under the name of Kiske. This was his first solo album released by the Italian Frontiers Records. The album contained songs in a mellow, acoustic singer-songwriter style and was a step away from the sound of his previous solo albums. According to Kiske:"It's a healthy-careless and musically free album. I am very proud of this record because it is a true statement from myself". Instant Clarity was also reissued in 2006 with the addition of 4 newly recorded bonus tracks. Kiske sees his solo albums as "the best I could do in those days. I see those years after Helloween as a learning phase. I was learning so much...Even the process of setting up the microphones, mastering, mixing."

In 2008, Kiske released his fourth solo work, entitled Past in Different Ways. The album contained acoustic re-arrangements of his old Helloween material and one new song. According to Kiske the album "on one hand shows that I don't reject my past just because I'm a different person today, and on the other hand it can maybe give people who were part of that past a different view at those songs".

In an interview with Spanish Metal Journal, in May 2021, Kiske said that he was recording a new acoustic solo album. The album will contain new songs and various cover versions.

Avantasia (since 2000)
In 2000, Tobias Sammet (vocalist of the band Edguy) asked Kiske to participate in the rock opera project Avantasia. Kiske agreed to sing on the project, in the role of Lugaid Vandroiy, but only under the nickname of Ernie. The nickname was printed on the back of the first Avantasia release, The Metal Opera, but not on the sequel, The Metal Opera Part II, where he was featured under his real name. As Kiske recalls "In the '90s, I didn't even think that I would ever go on stage again or anything like that. I was frustrated and disappointed, and didn't want to have anything to do with it...it started with Toby [Tobias Sammet] talking me into laying vocals down on some of his songs that sounded very Helloween-like. In the beginning I was even saying; 'no, I don't want to do stuff like that anymore'; I was very anti-everything in that direction! But he's the kind of guy that doesn't give up that easily, so he was calling me up and he was really talking me into doing it, and I did it just for him because I liked him. That's why I'm called Ernie on that record [The Metal Opera, 2001]; that was my way of dealing with everybody." He had a main role in the concept of the Metal Opera albums and performed on the songs "Reach Out for the Light", "Breaking Away", "Farewell", "Avantasia", "The Tower", "The Seven Angels" and "No Return".

During 2007, he recorded guest vocals for two Avantasia tracks; "Promised Land" and "Lost in Space [Extended Version]", both of which appeared on the Lost in Space Part I & II compilation album ("Promised Land" was also featured on the EP Lost in Space Part II).

In 2008, Kiske took part in the Avantasia album The Scarecrow, singing lead on the track "Shelter From The Rain" and backing on the title track and on "What Kind of Love".

During 2010, Kiske performed on the Avantasia albums The Wicked Symphony and Angel of Babylon, singing on the tracks "Wastelands", "Runaway Train" and "Stargazers". Between November and December, he also took part in "The Metal Opera Comes to Town Tour", sharing the stage with Tobias Sammet, Kai Hansen, Jørn Lande, Bob Catley, Amanda Somerville, Sascha Paeth, and Oliver Hartmann among others.

On 6 August 2011, Kiske performed with Avantasia at the Wacken Open Air Festival.

During 2013, Kiske took part in the Avantasia album The Mystery of Time, singing on the songs "Where Clock Hands Freeze", "Savior in the Clockwork" and "Dweller in a Dream". Between April and August, he also participated on "The Mystery World Tour", which included 10 European festival appearances and 3-hour long shows in South America, Japan, Russia and Europe.

On 2 August 2014, Michael performed with Avantasia at the Wacken Open Air festival once again.

In 2016, Kiske participated in the Avantasia album Ghostlights, singing on the songs "Ghostlights", "Unchain The Light" and on the bonus track "Wake Up To The Moon". Between March and August of the same year, he was part of the biggest Avantasia tour, entitled "Ghostlights World Tour", which consisted of more than 40 concerts in Europe, North America, South America, Canada, Japan, Russia and Scandinavia.

During 2019, Michael took part in the Avantasia album Moonglow, singing on the song "Requiem For A Dream".

In 2022, Kiske participated in the Avantasia album A Paranormal Evening with the Moonflower Society, singing on the songs "The Inmost Light" and "Arabesque".

Place Vendome (2005–2017)
In 2005, Kiske took part in the Place Vendome project, on Frontiers Records. According to Kiske "Place Vendome was always a project. It started with Serafino asking me if I'd like to do a record where I'm singing AOR music" Place Vendome consisted of Dennis Ward (bass and production), Kosta Zafiriou (drums) and Uwe Reitenauer (guitars) from the German band Pink Cream 69, Gunther Werno (keyboards) from the band Vanden Plas and Kiske on vocals. The project's debut album, Place Vendome, was a blend of melodic hard rock and AOR (comparable to the sound of bands such as Foreigner or Journey) and the majority of the songwriting was provided by Dennis Ward. As Kiske recalls "That was supposed to be a bit of a tribute to the 80's AOR and the songs turned out really good, especially with my voice as I don't have a typical AOR voice…I was surprised at how they turned out and how well they worked."

In 2009, the Place Vendome project released its second album entitled Streets of Fire. A video was filmed for the song "My Guardian Angel", marking Michael's visual return since 1996. The songwriting for the second album was provided by musicians Magnus Karlsson (Primal Fear), Torsti Spoof (Leverage), Ronny Milianowicz (Saint Deamon) and Robert Sall (Work of Art).

In 2013, Frontiers Records released Place Vendome's third album entitled Thunder in the Distance. The songwriters for this release were Alessandro Del Vecchio (Hardline), Timo Tolkki (ex-Stratovarius), Brett Jones, Tommy Denander (Radioactive), Magnus Karlsson (Primal Fear), Sören Kronqvist (Sunstorm), Roberto Tiranti and Andrea Cantarelli (Labyrinth). A video was filmed for the song "Talk To Me".

In 2017, the Place Vendome project released its fourth album entitled Close to the Sun. The album featured songs written by Magnus Karlsson, Alessandro Del Vecchio, Jani Liimatainen (Cain's Offering, ex-Sonata Arctica), Olaf Thorsen (Vision Divine, Labyrinth), Fabio Lione (Vision Divine, Angra, ex-Rhapsody of Fire), Simone Mularoni (DGM), Aldo Lonobile (Secret Sphere) and Mike Palace. In addition, it was the first Place Vendome album to feature guest guitar solos by Gus G (Firewind, Ozzy Osbourne), Kai Hansen (ex-Helloween, Gamma Ray, Unisonic), Mandy Meyer (Krokus, ex-Asia, Unisonic), Alfred Koffler (Pink Cream 69), Michael Klein, Magnus Karlsson and Simone Mularoni.

Kiske/Somerville (2009–2015)
In late 2009, Kiske collaborated with female vocalist Amanda Somerville in a duet project, put together by Frontiers Records. The project was named Kiske/Somerville and it marked the contribution of musicians Mat Sinner, Magnus Karlsson, Sander Gommans, Martin Schmidt and Jimmy Kresic. The self-titled debut album was released on 24 September 2010. Two videos were filmed for the songs "Silence" and "If I Had A Wish", enabling most of the participants to actually meet in person.

The second Kiske/Somerville album entitled City of Heroes was released on 17 April 2015. Mat Sinner, Magnus Karlsson and Veronika Lukesova handled the instrumentation, while Jacob Hansen and Sinner were in charge of the production. Two music videos were filmed for the songs "City Of Heroes" and "Walk On Water".

Unisonic (2009–2017)
On 10 November 2009, Michael formed the band Unisonic together with Dennis Ward, Kosta Zafiriou and Mandy Meyer. Unisonic embarked on a short tour in June 2010, playing some warm-up shows in Germany and performing at Sweden Rock Festival and Masters of Rock Festival as well. This small tour marked Kiske's return to the live stages after 17 years of absence. In March 2011, Kai Hansen joined the band, and on 15 October the new line-up performed its first show at Loud Park Festival (Japan).

Kiske stated in a 2012 interview: "We started off with the basic idea in about 2009, when Kosta and Dennis were contacting me about this idea of doing a real band. And very quickly, Dennis added Mandy Meyer to make it a four-piece band. We did two festivals in 2010, and we started to write songs and stuff…We wrote a lot of stuff, but somehow it needed this extra creative force of Kai Hansen to complete the thing, which happened c. 2010. We were on stage together with Avantasia, and toured several places in the world…We just thought that there was a great thing going on. We've always had a good relationship even after the Helloween years anyway, but we never thought of doing something together like this until we were on stage together with Avantasia. After that it didn't take long for me to suggest him to join Unisonic. From that day on, I think everything fell into place very quickly."

The band released the EP Ignition, together with their first video for the song "Unisonic" in January 2012, through EarMusic (Edel AG). The release of their self-titled debut album followed on 30 March 2012. The debut album entered several international music charts, scoring the highest points on the Finnish albums chart, Japanese Albums Chart, German Albums Chart and Swedish albums chart.

Unisonic embarked on their first world tour in May 2012 performing in South America and in various European music festivals, such as Masters of Rock, Hellfest, Rock Hard Festival and Gods of Metal among others. The second half of the tour included concerts in Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Russia, Spain and Germany.

The band's second EP, For the Kingdom, came out in May 2014, the video for the song "Exceptional" followed in July, while their second album, Light of Dawn, was released on 1 August 2014. Light of Dawn entered several international music charts, scoring the highest entries on the Finnish albums chart, German Albums Chart, Swiss albums chart, Czech albums chart and Japanese Albums Chart.

The band embarked on a summer festival tour in July 2014, performing at Masters Of Rock, Leyendas del Rock, Moscow Metal Meeting, Bang Your Head, Skogsrojet and Rock Pod Kamenom. A Japanese and European tour together with Edguy followed, while the band's final show was at the Knock Out Festival in December 2014.

On 5 August 2016, Unisonic performed a show at Wacken Open Air Festival, which was recorded and released under the title Live in Wacken on 21 July 2017.

Collaborations and guest appearances
In 1995, Kiske participated as a guest on Gamma Ray's (Kai Hansen's band, formed after his departure from Helloween in late 1988) Land of the Free album, singing lead vocals on the song "Time To Break Free" and additional vocals on the title track.

During 2002, Michael sang the song "Key to the Universe", which was featured on Timo Tolkki's (guitarist of the band Stratovarius) solo album Hymn to Life.

In 2003, Kiske took part in the metal opera Days of Rising Doom by Aina, in the role of the Narrator, singing on the songs "Revelations", "Silver Maiden", "Serendipity" and "Restoration". During the same year he also sang on the duet "Heroes" (together with Jørn Lande), featured on Masterplan's self-titled debut album.

In 2004, Michael sang on the duet "The Encounter", together with the female vocalist of the band Thalion on their debut album Another Sun.

During 2005, Kiske was a guest on the heavy metal album Execution by the band Tribuzy, singing on the duet "Absolution". Following this participation Kiske also sang as a guest on the song "Judas at the Opera", featured on Edguy's Superheroes EP.

In 2007, Michael sang on the duet "Breathe in Water", together with the female vocalist of the band Indigo Dying on their self-titled debut album.

During 2008, Timo Tolkki departed from Stratovarius and formed the band Revolution Renaissance. The band's debut album, New Era, was recorded by session musicians and Kiske on the role of the main singer, performing vocals for the tracks "I Did It My Way", "Angel", "Keep The Flame Alive", "Last Night on Earth" and "Revolution Renaissance".

In 2009, he was a guest on Trick or Treat's album Tin Soldiers, singing all vocals on the song "Hello Moon" and additional lead vocals on the duet "Tears Against Your Smile".

During 2010, he recorded guest vocals for the song "All You Need To Know", featured on Gamma Ray's To The Metal album.

In 2011, Kiske appeared as a special guest in Gamma Ray's concert in Pratteln (Switzerland). The full show was released in both CD and DVD under the name Skeletons & Majesties Live in 2012. Michael sings on the songs "Time To Break Free", "A While in Dreamland" and "Future World".

In 2012, Michael sang the song "The Ethereal Dream (Reprise)", featured on the album 34613 by the project Tomorrow's Outlook.

During 2013, Kiske took part in Timo Tolkki's metal opera project Avalon. Michael sang the self-titled track on the project's debut album The Land of New Hope. In the same year he also sang as a guest on the duet "Fly", featured on Infinita Symphonia's self-titled album. During December, he participated in the "Christmas Metal Symphony 2013 tour", sharing the stage with Joey Belladonna, Udo Dirkschneider, Chuck Billy, Joacim Cans, Floor Jansen and a symphonic orchestra.

In 2014, he sang on the duet "Black And White Forever", featured on Starchild's self-titled debut album.

During 2015, Kiske sang as a guest on the title track of the Wolfpakk album Rise of the Animal. In August of the same year he sang as a special guest with Rock Meets Classic (a project featuring Mat Sinner and the Bohemian Symphony Orchestra Prague) performing at the Rock of Ages Festival and at Wacken Open Air Festival. On 19 September, he performed at the Rock In Rio festival with the band Noturnall.

In 2016, he participated as a guest vocalist on the Hansen & Friends XXX : 30 Years of Metal album and on the project's performance at Wacken Open Air Festival. The live performance was recorded and released on both CD and DVD under the title Hansen & Friends Thank You Wacken, on 23 June 2017. During the same year he also sang on the duet "Halleluja" with Swedish singer Aino Löwenmark, featured on her album "Human". Kiske returned to work on this recording with ex. SupaRed-members, the guitar player Sandro Giampietro and drummer Jürgen Spiegel.

During 2018, Kiske sang on the duets "Angel Of Light" and "King Thorgan's Hymn", featured on the album Legend of Valley Doom part 2 by Marius Danielsen.

In 2022, Kiske sang on the song "A King Has Gone", featured on the album Universal by Michael Schenker Group. The song was a tribute to Ronnie James Dio and featured guest appearances by former Rainbow members Tony Carey, Bob Daisley and Bobby Rondinelli.

Influences and singing style
His influences include Elvis Presley, Bono, John Farnham, Bruce Dickinson, Geoff Tate, Rob Halford and Ronnie James Dio. In comparison to Kai Hansen, Kiske had a more vibrant and clean voice. Some fans and critics have likened his singing style and range to that of Geoff Tate or a young Samson-era Bruce Dickinson, with shades of Rob Halford. He has a tenor type voice and possesses an almost 4 octave vocal range, as he is capable of reaching extremely high notes (A5) and low baritone notes (E2) as well. Kiske's time in Helloween has proven to be highly influential and many singers cite him as a major influence.

Recognition and honors
Named favorite vocalist Rank:5. In Burrn! magazine's Readers poll (April 2012 issue).

Named best vocalist of 2012. In Burrn!'s Readers poll (April 2013 issue).

Named best all-time singer in rock and metal Rank:18. In German Metal Hammer readers poll (June 2013).

With Helloween

 * Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part I (1987)
 * Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II (1988)
 * Live in the UK (1989; Live Album )
 * Pink Bubbles Go Ape (1991)
 * Chameleon (1993)
 * Pumpkins United – Single (2017)
 * United Alive in Madrid (2019; Live Album )
 * Helloween (2021)

Solo albums

 * Instant Clarity (1996)
 * Always (EP) (1996)
 * The Calling (EP Japan-only)(1996)
 * Readiness to Sacrifice (1999)
 * Kiske (2006)
 * Past in Different Ways (2008)

With Avantasia

 * Avantasia (Single) (2001), songs "Reach Out for the Light" & "Avantasia"
 * The Metal Opera (2001), songs "Reach Out for the Light", "Breaking Away", "Farewell", "Avantasia" & "The Tower"
 * The Metal Opera Part II (2002), songs "The Seven Angels" & "No Return"
 * Lost in Space Part II (EP) (2007), song "Promised Land"
 * Lost in Space Part I & II (2008), songs "Lost in Space [Extended Version]" & "Promised Land"
 * The Scarecrow (2008), songs "Shelter From The Rain", "The Scarecrow" & "What Kind of Love"
 * The Wicked Symphony, songs "Wastelands" & "Runaway Train"
 * Angel of Babylon (2010), song "Stargazers"
 * The Mystery of Time (2013), songs "Where Clock Hands Freeze", "Dweller in a Dream" & "Savior in the Clockwork"
 * Ghostlights (2016), songs "Ghostlights", "Unchain The Light" & "Wake Up To The Moon" (bonus track)
 * Moonglow (2019), song "Requiem For A Dream"
 * A Paranormal Evening with the Moonflower Society (2022), songs "The Inmost Light" & "Arabesque"

With SupaRed

 * SupaRed (2003)

With Place Vendome

 * Place Vendome (2005)
 * Streets of Fire (2009)
 * Thunder in the Distance (2013)
 * Close to the Sun (2017)

With Kiske/Somerville

 * Kiske/Somerville (2010)
 * City of Heroes (2015)

With Unisonic

 * Ignition (2012, EP )
 * Unisonic (2012)
 * For the Kingdom (2014, EP )
 * Light of Dawn (2014)
 * Live in Wacken (2017; Live Album )

Guest appearances

 * Gamma Ray
 * Land of the Free (1995), songs "Time To Break Free" & "Land of the Free"
 * To the Metal! (2010), song "All You Need To Know"
 * Skeletons & Majesties Live (2012; Live Album ), songs "Time To Break Free", "A While In Dreamland" & "Future World"
 * Timo Tolkki
 * Hymn to Life (2002), song "Key to the Universe"
 * Masterplan
 * Masterplan (2003), song "Heroes"
 * Aina
 * Days of Rising Doom (2003), songs "Revelations", "Silver Maiden", "Serendipity" & "Restoration"
 * Thalion
 * Another Sun (2004), song "The Encounter"
 * Tribuzy
 * Execution (2005), song "Absolution"
 * Edguy
 * Superheroes (2005), song "Judas at the Opera"
 * Indigo Dying
 * Indigo Dying (2007), song "Breathe in Water"
 * Revolution Renaissance
 * New Era (2008), songs "I Did It My Way", "Angel", "Keep The Flame Alive", "Last Night on Earth" & "Revolution Renaissance"
 * Trick or Treat
 * Tin Soldiers (2009), songs "Hello Moon" & "Tears Against Your Smile"
 * Tomorrow's Outlook
 * 34613 (2012), song "The Ethereal Dream (Reprise)"
 * Timo Tolkki's Avalon
 * The Land of New Hope (2013), song "The Land of New Hope"
 * Infinita Symphonia
 * Infinita Symphonia (2013), song "Fly"
 * Starchild
 * Starchild (2014), song "Black And White Forever"
 * Wolfpakk
 * Rise of the Animal (2015), song "Rise of the Animal"
 * Aino Löwenmark
 * Human (2016), song "Halleluja"
 * Hansen & Friends
 * XXX : 30 Years of Metal (2016), song "Stranger In Time"
 * Thank You Wacken (2017; Live Album ), songs "I Want Out" & "Future World"
 * Marius Danielsen
 * Legend of Valley Doom part 2 (2018), songs "Angel Of Light" & "King Thorgan's Hymn"
 * Michael Schenker Group
 * Universal (2022), song "A King Has Gone"

title: Michael Kiske


text:
Talk:Troika Games

Vampire series
Which company will continue the "Vampire" series now that Troika has gone?

 * No idea. As far as I know no other games were already in the works; and given that the old Vampire: The Masquerade line is finished now anyway, no doubt White Wolf are free to negotiate a new deal with whoever they like to develop games based on Vampire: The Requiem. -- Guybrush 03:46, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

But wasnt Vampire: The Masquerade - Bloodlines part of the Vampire: The Requiem series? I think in Bloodline's credits it says so.
 * Mentioning Vampire: The Masquerade and then Vampire: The Requiem in the same line is giving this page a certain irony. Its quite clearly using data from Masquerade, not Ruquiem, when in-game. CABAL 04:22, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I think the uncredited user is inquiring whether the two are related. It has been even stated by a reviewer of Masq' on Amazon UK... _> MonstaPro:Talk 17:51, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Business specifics
I haven't found a specific site of Troika's yet (I haven't looked very hard) but peering through GameSpot's archives shows they went bust in Feb' 2005. Verify pelase. _> MonstaPro:Talk 17:51, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

 * February 28, 2005 - Troika Games closes its doors
 * September 30, 2005 - Troika Games files with the state for dissolution
 * December 24, 2005 - Troika Games files its final tax return (the last step in dissolution)
 * http://www.rpgcodex.net/phpBB/viewtopic.php?p=175503&highlight=#175503 --190.48.127.214 18:41, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Ex-Troika staff: Now Interplay again. =) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.5.11.5 (talk) 13:26, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

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Real reason for leaving Interplay
Should a more accurate information replace current vague one? Recently Tim started sharing his memories on working on the Fallout 1 and 2 on youtube. Specifically video titled "Why I left Fallout 2" after about 12:56. And according to him the real reason he left Interplay was not because of "disagreement about the future team structure" but because he was burned out and Brian Fargo was unfair to him at a point when he was already exhausted from crunch and unhappy being roped into F2 development. This pushed him over the edge and he decided to leave while Leonid and Jason joined him. 2A00:1370:8178:1504:DD3B:B29C:551:E03F (talk) 18:01, 12 June 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Troika Games


text:
Siegfried Kampl

Siegfried Kampl (born 13 August 1936) is an Austrian politician. Kampl has been mayor of the town of Gurk since 1991, and was a member of the Federal Council of Austria (the Bundesrat) from 2004 to 2009.

Biography and political career
Kampl was born in Steuerberg, in the Austrian state of Carinthia. He completed the agricultural vocational school and an agricultural technical school. He married Elizabeth Bucher in 1960.

In 1974 he was selected to be the local party chairman of the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) in Gurk; two years later he became its district party chairman. In 1979 he was elected to the Gurk local council, and was selected immediately to be vice mayor, a position he retained for twelve years. During this time period, he was also elected to the state parliament (Landtag) of Carinthia, in which he served for the FPÖ from 1982 through 1994. In 1991, he was elected mayor of Gurk with 53.4% of the vote, and also remained a member of the Landtag. In 2004, he was sent as a representative of Carinthia to the Federal Council of Austria (the Bundesrat), where he again sat with the FPÖ.

In the Federal Council, Kampl was closely allied with controversial FPÖ leader Jörg Haider, who he had helped propel to the party leadership in 1986. Kampl calls himself "very homeland-connected" and nationalist. When the FPÖ split in April 2005, Kampl followed Haider to his new party, the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ). He resigned from the party on 7 June 2005 as the result of a controversy (see below), and left its parliamentary fraction on 1 November 2005, sitting the rest of his term as an independent.

2005 controversy
On 19 April 2005 Kampl made a speech against the rehabilitation of Austrian armed-forced members who had deserted during World War II. He argued that the deserters were "assassins of battle comrades", and criticized what he called the "brutal persecution" of Austrian Nazis after 1945, saying that "more than 99% of Austrians" had been members of the Nazi Party. He was heavily pressured to resign, and agreed to do so on 28 April. However, about a month later (on 29 May), he said he stood by his views (although he said he may have phrased them differently in retrospect), and would not in fact be resigning. He attributed his decision not to resign partly to what he called the "provocative" manner in which Federal Council President Georg Pehm (a Social Democrat) had demanded he do so. He did, however, resign his membership in the BZÖ, saying he did not want to burden the party with the controversy.

Kampl's backtracking on resignation caused an even bigger controversy because, coincidentally, he was scheduled to take over the six-month rotating presidency of the Federal Council on 1 July. Left-leaning lawmakers demanded that Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel intervene to prevent Kampl from assuming the presidency of the upper house, and threatened a walkout if he was allowed to do so. In the end, the Federal Council resolved matters itself by passing a constitutional amendment, informally labelled Lex Kampl (Latin for "Kampl's law"), allowing the Council to, by a two-thirds vote, replace anyone scheduled to take over the rotating presidency with a different member of the same party. The amendment was agreed upon by all four main parties (including the FPÖ and BZÖ) and passed unanimously, although BZÖ member Roland Zellot left the chamber before the vote. The amendment entered into force on 25 June, just in time to prevent Kampl from becoming president of the Council.

title: Siegfried Kampl


text:
Bombardier Transportation

Bombardier Transportation was a Canadian-German rolling stock and rail transport manufacturer, with headquarters in Berlin, Germany. It was one of the world's largest companies in the rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing and servicing industry. Bombardier Transportation had many regional offices, production and development facilities worldwide. It produced a wide range of products including passenger rail vehicles, locomotives, bogies, propulsion and controls. In February 2020, the company had 36,000 employees, and 63 manufacturing and engineering locations around the world. Formerly a division of Bombardier Inc., the company was acquired by French manufacturer Alstom on 29 January 2021.

1970s: Formation and first orders
Canadian company Bombardier Inc. entered the rail market in 1970 when it purchased Lohner-Rotax of Austria. While Lohner built trams, Bombardier was more interested in its Rotax business, which built engines for its Ski-Doo snowmobiles. But Bombardier held onto the rolling stock business, and in 1974 secured an order from Société de transport de Montréal (STM) to build metro trains for the Montreal Metro. The core of the transportation group was formed when Bombardier purchased the Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW) in 1975. The purchase of MLW gave Bombardier a rail focused manufacturing facility, that had an established history of building locomotives, freight railcars, and passenger railcars.

1980s: Expansion to the US and Europe
With the purchase of the MLW, Bombardier acquired the LRC (Light, Rapid, Comfortable) tilting train design which it heavily marketed to both Amtrak and Canada's Via Rail, however, the program was only modestly successful with Bombardier selling about 100 LRC coaches to Via. In 1987, Bombardier bought the assets of two major US railcar manufacturers, Budd and Pullman-Standard. With these new assets, and no desire to remain in the business of building freight locomotives or freight cars, Bombardier sold off MLW to General Electric in 1988.

In the late 1980s Bombardier Transportation gained a manufacturing presence in Europe with the acquisition of a 45% share in BN Constructions Ferroviaires et Métalliques (whose principal facility was in Bruges, Belgium) in 1986. This was followed by the acquisition of the second-largest French railway manufacturer ANF Industrie with its main plant in Crespin in 1989. Bombardier Transportation had become by that time the leading North American producer of rail equipment which had sold 825 subway cars to New York City in the 1970s and 1980s.

1990s: Expansion to Mexico, Germany and the UK
Back home in Canada, 1991 brought a big expansion for Bombardier. The company was able to acquire the Urban Transportation Development Corporation (UTDC) from the Government of Ontario after its parent company Lavalin went bankrupt. In addition to the core UTDC assets, Bombardier also received the rail manufacturing division of Hawker Siddeley Canada which had been purchased by Lavalin and merged into UTDC. The Hawker Siddeley assets included a manufacturing plant in Thunder Bay, Ontario.

That same year in Europe, the company established its Bombardier Eurorail division consisting of ANF, BN, BWS (the former assets of Lohner), and the English bodyshell maker Prorail, which it had purchased in 1990. The company also owned the North-American rights to the French TGV through an agreement with GEC Alsthom. In 1992, the company acquired Mexico's largest railway rolling-stock manufacturer, Concarril, from the Mexican government.

The late 1990s also saw a major expansion in European operations. The company purchased Waggonfabrik Talbot (whose factory was in Aachen, Germany) in 1995 and Deutsche Waggonbau (DW) in 1998, which added factories in Bautzen and Görlitz, Germany along with a plant in Villeneuve, Switzerland which DW had purchased the prior year from Ateliers de Constructions Mécaniques de Vevey.

2000s: Western world's largest rail-equipment manufacturer
The company's biggest acquisition came just after the turn of the century when it purchased Adtranz from DaimlerChrysler. Adtranz was a sprawling multi-national company twice the size of Bombardier at the time, which had only become profitable in the months before the merger. The combination would make Bombardier the largest rail-equipment manufacturer.

DaimlerChrysler agreed in August 2000 to sell Adtranz for US$711 million (equivalent to US$billion in ), a price considered to be low by industry analysts. The sale was cleared by the European Union in April 2001 on the condition that Bombardier would license or sell the Adtranz regional train and tram products to Stadler Rail in the German market, due to the large market share of Bombardier and Adtranz in the country. The deal would make Stadler a viable independent company providing competition to Bombardier. The takeover came into legal effect on 1 May 2001 with a final price of US$725 million. After the purchase, Bombardier Transportation moved its head office to Europe, while keeping a few plants in the US and Canada for the smaller North American market.

However, the merger was not smooth. Within weeks Bombardier said that it was misled about the financial situation of Adtranz, and the combination of the two companies took years to resolve. One of the major issues was the sprawling footprint of the two companies in Europe. Even after closing some locations, in the early days after the merger Bombardier planned to operate 27 manufacturing sites across 14 countries. The number of sites meant that some would see the scope of their work decreased.

In 2004, amid overcapacity in the European passenger train industry, Bombardier announced eight sites would close. Later that year in September, DaimlerChrysler agreed to refund Bombardier US$209 million, making the final sale price for Adtranz just $516 million.

2010s: Global operations and decline
The transportation division's financial woes continued into the 2010s, reflecting a broader trend within the company. Bombardier's aviation division racked up billions of dollars in debt developing the CSeries airliner and the Global 7000 business jet.

Between 2012 and 2015, the company announced the closure of several plants including the former Waggonfabrik Talbot plant in Germany, and a factory in Australia,  and a facility in Hungary was nationalized.

In the same period, Bombardier agreed to several potentally lucrative, but risky contracts to build R179 cars for the New York City Subway, the Fleet of the Future for San Francisco's Bay Area Rapid Transit, Flexity streetcars for Toronto, Aventra EMUs for the London Overground and Twindexx EMUs for Switzerland's SBB. Each of these contracts was valued between 600 million to 1.8 billion dollars, but each called for highly specialized, one-of-kind equipment, and many also included late-delivery penalties. Deliveries of each would be delayed, beset by software issues, and reliability problems once trains were placed in service.

Under increasingly dire financial pressure, Bombardier Inc. announced in May 2015 that it planned to split or spin-off Bombardier Transportation as a separate publicly traded company, while retaining control as the majority owner. The sale would generate money needed to continue the financing of the troubled CSeries jet, and Transportation division managers said the independence would allow them to better compete with a growing Chinese presence in the European market. An IPO was planned for late 2015.

However, before the IPO could be floated, the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (CDPQ) stepped in and agreed to give Bombardier a US$1.5 billion infusion of cash. In exchange CDPQ, a crown corporation which manages pension and insurance plans, would receive a 30% stake in the company. The deal was structured as a bond/equity hybrid, with shares returned to CDPQ dependent on the financial performance of the company.

Over the next few years, Bombardier worked to correct issues with the cars it agreed to build in the earlier half of the decade, and simplify production though more selective bidding, greater standardization and centralized procurement. It also planned to layoff thousands of workers in Germany. However, the penalties the company was hit with for late deliveries wiped out many of the divisions profits. By 2018, Bombardier slipped to become the 3rd largest rail-equipment manufacturer in the Western World and fourth globally, eclipsed by CRRC, Siemens and Alstom.

Between mid-2018 and late-2019, Bombardier started selling off many of its commercial aviation assets, notably selling the CSeries to Airbus. This left the company as a manufacturer of rail vehicles and business jets.

2021: Sale to Alstom
In February 2020, Alstom agreed to buy the Bombardier Transportation division and signed a memorandum of understanding to do so, for between €5.8 billion and €6.2 billion. The deal required approval by Alstom shareholders at a meeting held in October 2020, as well as approval by European regulators. Bombardier's major shareholder, Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec, had already agreed to the sale. In July 2020, the European Commission approved the sale. Bombardier Inc. announced on 1 December 2020 that the transaction would be closed on 29 January 2021 for €4.4 billion.

Rapid transit rolling stock

Bombardier's standard metro vehicles were the mid-sized fully automated and driverless Innovia Metro with the option for linear induction motor propulsion or a conventional rotary motor, and the high-capacity customizable Movia platform, which is powered by conventional motors and can also be fully automated. In addition, Bombardier produced many custom models not based on either model.
 * AirTrain JFK: Innovia ART 200 (ART Mark II)
 * Ankara Metro: Modified H-6
 * BART: Fleet of the Future (Type D and E cars)
 * Beijing Subway: QKZ5 cars for the Airport Express line
 * Berlin U-Bahn: H & HK train stocks
 * Boston MBTA: "#3 Red Line" cars (01800 series)
 * Bucharest Metro: Movia 346 for lines 1, 2 and 3
 * Chicago "L": 5000 series
 * Delhi Metro: Broad-gauge Movia trainsets
 * Detroit People Mover: Innovia ART 100 (ART Mark I)
 * Docklands Light Railway: all rolling stock
 * Helsinki Metro: M200
 * Hong Kong MTR: A-Stock
 * Crossrail, London: Aventra Class 345
 * London Underground: 2009 Stock (Victoria line), S Stock (subsurface routes)
 * London Overground: British Rail Class 378 in 2009 and British Rail Class 710 in 2019
 * Montreal Metro: MR-73, MPM-10
 * Mexico City Metro: NC-82 (First Canadian Rolling Stock Based on Mexican NM79 Series) NM-02 (Co-Built with CAF) and Bombardier participated in the Refurbish and Rehabilitation Program for Alstom original MP68 rolling stock)
 * New York City Subway: R62A, R110B, R142, and R179
 * Rapid KL: Innovia ART 200 and 300 (ART Mark II and Mark III) cars for the Kelana Jaya Line
 * Rotterdam Metro: Series 5300, Series 5400, Series 5500 (R Stock / RSG3), and 5600 Series (R Stock / SG3)
 * Shanghai Metro: Movia 456
 * Singapore MRT: Movia C951 for Downtown MRT line in 2013. Movia R151 for North South and East West lines.
 * Stockholm metro: The new C30 stock cars, being introduced in 2020.
 * Taipei Rapid Transit System: The extension line of Muzha Line system, which entered official operation on 4 July 2009. Innovia APM 256
 * Toronto subway: S-series (produced by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation), T-series, and TR-series (based on Movia)
 * Vancouver Skytrain: Innovia ART 100, 200 and 300 (ART Mark I, Mark II and Mark III)

Monorails
The company's main product was the Innovia Monorail.

 * Cairo Monorail – Two lines, 42 km October City to suburban Giza and 54 km Nasr City to New Cairo, Egypt (under construction, due to open in 2024)
 * Cal Expo monorail 1968
 * Carowinds Monorail 1973 – system closed in 1994 and sold to Vidafel Mayan Palace Resort in Acapulco, Mexico but still not in use
 * Hersheypark monorail 1968; now as BlueCross monorail and acquired additional cars from Six Flags Magic Mountain
 * Jacksonville Skyway monorail 1997; system built by Bombardier
 * King Abdullah Financial District in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: 3.6 km Bombardier Innovia Monorail 300 (under construction)
 * King's Dominion 1975; dismantled in the 1990s when the Safari Village attraction was closed and sold to Jungle Jim's International Market
 * Kings Island Action Zone monorail 1974; system removed in 1994
 * Las Vegas Monorail 1995 – The Mark VI monorail still in operation today
 * Line 15 (Silver) 2014 – São Paulo, Brazil: 24 km line INNOVIA Monorail 300
 * Minnesota Zoo's Northern Trail monorail 1979
 * Six Flags Magic Mountain Metro 1971; closed 2001 with cars sold to Hersheypark and system dismantled in 2011
 * Tampa International Airport monorail 1991; system built by Bombardier
 * Walt Disney World Resort 1989 – The Mark VI monorail still in operation today
 * Miami MetroZoo 1984; system and cars acquired from 1984 Louisiana World Exposition

Note: Bombardier Transportation acquired Universal Mobility Incorporated's UM III technologies in 1989. UMI produced nine monorail systems from 1969 to 1984, which are included in the list above.

Trams and light rail vehicles

 * Cobra
 * Eurotram
 * Flexity Family
 * Flexity Outlook Cityrunner
 * Flexity Outlook (Toronto streetcar)
 * Flexity Freedom (Toronto Eglinton Crosstown LRT, Waterloo Ion LRT, and Edmonton Valley Line LRT)
 * Flexity Classic
 * Flexity Swift
 * Flexity Link (tram-train) BOCLF70
 * BerlinFlexity Berlin
 * Flexity 2
 * Bombardier Flexity Melbourne
 * Incentro
 * Max Light Rail Type 1 LRV in Portland, Oregon (1984–1986)
 * Variotram (unit used on Helsinki tram network only; the Variotram brand has since to Stadler Rail)

Locomotives
Bombardier's locomotives were mostly linked to their acquisition of Adtranz and Montreal Locomotive Works, as well as joint venture with Alstom.

Other than the LRC, all other locomotives were based on European designs.
 * ALP-46 – electric locomotive
 * ALP-45DP – dual-mode locomotive
 * EP10 – electric locomotive
 * LRC – diesel locomotive
 * Bombardier–Alstom HHP-8 – electric locomotive
 * Iore – electric locomotive
 * TRAXX – electric and diesel-electric locomotives
 * FS Class E.464 – electric locomotive

Passenger cars

 * BiLevel Coach – commuter rail
 * MultiLevel Coach – commuter rail
 * Double-deck Coach now renamed Twindexx
 * Comet coaches – commuter rail
 * Horizon coaches – intercity rail
 * Shoreliner coaches – commuter rail
 * LRC coaches
 * Superliner II – intercity rail

Regular-speed multiple-unit trains
V/Line VLocity at Southern Cross Station in Melbourne, Australia
 * Aventra – EMU, successor for the Electrostar
 * Adelaide Metro A-City 4000 Class
 * AGC (Autorail à grande capacité) – Dual mode or electric MU regional train
 * Electrostar – EMU, (see also British Rail Classes 357, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379 and 387)
 * Highliner – Double deck EMU commuter trains for Metra
 * IC3 – EMU or DMU
 * CP2000 (Portuguese Railways Class 3400)
 * EA202 series (KRL i9000) – In cooperation with INKA (Industri Kereta Api) for KA Commuter Jabodetabek
 * M7 – EMU commuter train for the Long Island Rail Road and Metro-North Railroad
 * MR-90 – EMU commuter train for the Réseau de transport métropolitain Deux-Montagnes line.
 * Interurban Multiple Unit (160 series), Suburban Multiple Unit (260 series) & New Generation Rollingstock EMU's for Brisbane and South East Queensland
 * RegioSwinger – tilting DMU
 * Talent – DMU or EMU regional train
 * Talent 2 – EMU regional train
 * Talent 3 – EMU regional train. Business to be transferred to CAF in 2022
 * Turbostar – DMU counterpart to the Electrostar, (see also British Rail Classes 168, 170, 171 and 172)
 * VLocity DMU trains for V/Line
 * Spacium "Le Francilien" – EMU commuter train for the Transilien H, K, J, L and P lines
 * Sprinter Lighttrain – 4 car EMU regional rail trainset for Nederlandse Spoorwegen
 * Omneo – EMU for French operator SNCF
 * Twindexx – EMU variation of the former German double-deck coach cars
 * EA203 series Airport train operated by Railink. They use Bombardier MITRAC engines. Body made by PT INKA

High-speed trains

 * Acela (former leader of a project in which Alstom is a participant)
 * Intercity Express (participant in a Siemens-led project)
 * JetTrain (experimental)
 * Regina
 * Voyager, Super Voyager and Meridian diesel-electric multiple units
 * Zefiro, trainsets built for the Chinese market, which have a maximum speed of 380 km/h Business to be transferred to Hitachi Rail in 2022.
 * AVE S-102 (Talgo-350) and Alvia S-130 (Talgo 250) with Talgo.

People movers

 * Guided Light Transit (GLT)
 * Bombardier Innovia

Bombardier also supplied propulsion units, train-control systems, bogies, and other parts, and maintained train fleets.

Services
In addition to manufacturing a wide variety of passenger rail vehicles and locomotives, Bombardier Transportation provided services for commuter train providers.
 * Maintenance: Bombardier Transportation had several maintenance contracts for the servicing of commuter trains. This includes fuelling, storage, train washing and upkeep. Some of its key clients were GO Transit, MARC Train, Réseau de transport métropolitain, and Metrolink.NCTD Coaster Phase-II SantaFe.jpg Phase II livery Bombardier BiLevel Coach cab car at the San Diego Santa Fe Depot.]]
 * Train operation: Bombardier Transportation operated a number of commuter and light rail systems under contract with various transit agencies. It was the operator for six of the seven GO Transit commuter train lines in Ontario from 2008 to 2015. As of February 2015, It operated all GO Transit rail train lines. In 2015, it also began the operation of the Union Pearson Express airport link in Toronto. Other systems operated by Bombardier include SunRail in central Florida, MARC Train's Brunswick and Camden Lines in Washington and Maryland, the Sprinter and Coaster lines in the San Diego area, and the River Line in New Jersey. The company also operated a number of airport people-mover systems, typically systems it built, such as the AirTrain JFK and AirTrain Newark in New York City under contract with the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey.
 * From 2012/2013, the Savli factory (India) is also planned to assemble Electro-Motive Diesel products for Asian customers.
 * In November 2016, Bombardier Transportation signed an eight-year contract worth of $331 million to supply operating and maintaining services with Réseau de transport métropolitain's six commuter rail lines in Montreal.

Facilities
Bombardier Transportation had production facilities or product development in:
 * Africa:
 * : Traction converter equipment factory at Isando, opened 2016.
 * Asia:
 * : Joint ventures with native companies Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles, CRRC Puzhen Bombardier Transportation Systems Limited, Bombardier NUG Propulsion and Signaling Systems, Shentong Bombardier (Shanghai) Rail Transit Vehicle Maintenance Company. Together these joint ventures produced over 4,700 railway passenger cars, 580 electric locomotives and 3,000 metro cars, Monorail, APM and trams for China's rail transit market.
 * : Movia-car manufacturing and electrical component manufacture in Vadodara, Gujarat.
 * Europe:
 * : Sites include Bombardier Wien Schienenfahrzeuge (former Lohner-Werke)
 * : Passenger vehicles, at former BN Constructions Ferroviaries et Métalliques plant
 * : freight rolling stock
 * Mixed-consist MAX train arriving at Sunset TC in 2012.jpg: Continues production of IC3 "flexiliner" passenger multiple units.
 * : Regional and suburban trains, metros, at former ANF Industrie plant in Crespin (north of France).
 * : Major facilities for production of mass transit, regional, and high speed passenger trains. Control systems. Diesel and electric locomotive manufacture. Sites include :
 * Former LEW Hennigsdorf nr. Berlin
 * Former Henschel & Son locomotive works in Kassel
 * Former ABB Werk-Sued Mannheim – rail vehicle drive and control systems; passenger and signalling systems; inductive charging (PRIMOVE); as well as project management, sales and fleet management/ ), and others.
 * Former Waggonbau Görlitz plant producing Double-deck Coaches
 * : From 1999 to 2009 Bombardier manufactured train parts for the then OSE SA which were assembled by the Hellenic Shipyards Skaramaga with other companies.
 * : Production site for FS Class E.464 at former Tecnomasio plant in Vado Ligure
 * : Servicing of Adtranz products NSB Class 73 and GMB Class 71 built at former Adtranz factory in Strømmen (see Strømmens Værksted), also manufactures NSB Class 93
 * : (Bombardier Transportation Polska), included manufacturing site in Wrocław (former Pafawag factory), Katowice, Łódź and Warsaw.
 * : Underground trains in Bucharest, mass transport.
 * : Trapagaran
 * : Production, engineering, development Also manufactures Regina EMUs.
 * : Research and design – propulsion and bogies, also manufacture of high capacity (double decker) passenger vehicles. Sites include former Ateliers de Constructions Mécaniques de Vevey in Villeneuve
 * : Derby Litchurch Lane Works – Manufacturing Turbostar, Electrostar and Aventra passenger multiple units and London Underground Stock, Such as, the S stock, 2009 Stock.
 * North America:
 * : Engineering facilities in Saint-Bruno, Quebec and Millhaven, Ontario (former Urban Transportation Development Corporation facility); manufacturing facilities in Thunder Bay, Ontario (former Canadian Car & Foundry Can-Car Rail plant), and La Pocatière, Quebec (former Moto-Ski plant)
 * : Ciudad Sahagún (former Concarril factory) – engineering and production site.
 * Plattsburgh, New York
 * West Mifflin, Pennsylvania (originally Westinghouse Electric and ADtranz)
 * Pittsburg, California (originally AnsaldoBreda, leased from Hitachi Rail)
 * Oceania:
 * : Bombardier Transportation Australia – Dandenong, Victoria and Milton, Queensland
 * South America:
 * : Monorail manufacturing facility in Hortolandia São Paulo state.
 * South America:
 * : Monorail manufacturing facility in Hortolandia São Paulo state.

Deutsche Bahn
In early 2013, Deutsche Bahn announced that it was suing Bombardier for €350 million because of some serious defects in trains used on the suburban S-Bahn rail network in Berlin. This was in addition to the €160 million it was asking for from Bombardier because of problems with more than 200 regional trains operating in southern Germany and problems with the brakes in regional and local trains in Munich. The matter was settled out of court in March 2015. Lutz Bertling, head of Bombardier's transportation division at the time, confirmed the two firms had come to an agreement, saying: "The settlement is a positive signal for our future cooperation."

Everline
In January 2015, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) reported  that South Korea's Special Investigation Unit for anti-corruption produced a report accusing Bombardier Transportation of corruption in the pursuit of the 2004 contract to build an 18 km elevated Light Rapid Transit (LRT) rail system called the Everline connecting the Giheung Station on the Bundang (Yellow Line) of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system to a large amusement park named Everland, via Yongin, the 12th largest city in South Korea, about 30 km from central Seoul.

The investigation report alleges that Bombardier provided gifts and trips to Canada for civil servants and politicians involved in the contract decision, which was based on revenue expected from an inflated estimate of 180,000 passengers per day using the service. It also alleges that Bombardier created a $2-million slush fund for the Canadian citizen Kim Hak-Pil, a high-ranking Bombardier executive in South Korea. Bombardier has consistently denied the corruption allegations, stating that "They were not pleasure trips. There is a need to convince the people that our technology works well.... If it had been corruption, they would have charged us." The statute of limitations has now expired, due to lack of evidence according to Bombardier.

Everline operation has been financially troubled since construction was completed in 2010. The system remained dormant until service began in 2013 while the line owner successfully negotiated with the city of Yongin a minimum revenue guarantee of 29.5 billion KRW per year regardless of passenger load. This is said to be a serious burden for the city because ridership is reported to have risen to only about 20,000 passengers per day on the 30 carriages, or about a quarter of the maximum possible capacity of the fleet in a 12-hour day. A reason suggested for this is the fare of 1100 KRW (about US$1 in 2015); it is impossible to pay for Everline trips via a transfer surcharge on a connecting subway ticket. A 2014 web page of a Seoul tour service retailer makes no mention of the Everline among the suggested modes of bus transport between Seoul and Everland. A lawyer who filed legal action on behalf of the citizens of Yongin is reported to have provided details about Bombardier's pursuit of the contract. He said that "between 2003 and 2005, Bombardier funded three luxurious trips to Canada to each of 37 people" including 18 Yongin city councillors on so-called "LRT field trips".

Toronto Transit Commission
On 16 October 2015, the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) announced that it had asked its board to consider legal action against Bombardier. TTC staff is recommending that the TTC board "commence legal action, or make a claim allowed for already in the contract, of $50 million for late delivery" against Bombardier. Bombardier had committed to delivering 67 custom-built Flexity Outlook streetcars to the TTC by October 2015 for its streetcar system, but only 10 were in service at the time.

On 28 October 2015, the TTC board voted in favour of a lawsuit against Bombardier "for at least $50 million to recoup lost costs", according to Chair Josh Colle, because of the company's failure to deliver the additional new streetcars.

title: Bombardier Transportation


text:
Eduard Deisenhofer

Eduard Deisenhofer (27 June 1909 – MIA 31 January 1945) was a German commander in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany. He was an early member in the SS, and served with the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler and at the Dachau concentration camp in 1930s. During World War II, Deisenhofer served with several combat divisions on both the Eastern and Western fronts, earning the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He held a PhD in political economy.

Early SS career
Deisenhofer received his PhD as a political economist. During his time at university, he had come into contact with the Nazi Party, and soon applied to join the SA. A few months with the SA, Deisenhofer transferred to the SS, beginning his service on 1 October 1930. Deisenhofer held various low level command positions, including service with the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler in 1934 and at the Dachau concentration camp in 1935. Over the next two years he served in both the Totenkopfverbände units SS Totenkopf Verbande Sachsen and SS Totenkopf Standarte Thuringen.

World War II
At the outbreak of war Deisenhofer served in the SS Totenkopf Standarte, which was responsible for the police and security measures during the Invasion of Poland. After the Polish campaign, his unit was absorbed into the newly formed SS Division Totenkopf, where he served as a battalion commander during the Campaign in the West, receiving the Iron Cross First Class for his bravery in combat. In May Deisenhofer was appointed commander of a battalion of the newly formed Dutch and Belgian volunteer formation SS Volunteer Standarte Nordwest.

In August 1941, Deisenhofer was transferred to the command of the Regiment Germania, one of the Infantry regiments of the SS Division Wiking, currently serving on the Eastern Front. Deisenhofer was sent back to the Totenkopf division in February 1942 as a regimental commander. The division was encircled in the Demyansk Pocket, where he commanded a battle group during the breakout, receiving a Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his actions. Deisenhofer then served as an SS training officer. In March 1944, Deisenhofer was sent back to a combat formation, this time to command a regiment of the 10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg, which took part in the operation to relieve the encircled 1st Panzer Army of Generaloberst Hans-Valentin Hube in what was known as the Kamenets-Podolsky pocket.

The Frundsberg was sent to the Normandy to attempt to halt the advance of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery's 21st Army Group, currently advancing on Caen. Deisenhofer's unit saw action during Operation Epsom, which resulted in German defeat. In mid July, Deisenhofer was ordered back east to take command of the SS Division Wiking, currently engaged in heavy fighting in the area near Modlin. However, he was rejected by SS General Herbert Gille, the new commander of the IV SS Panzer Korps, who decided to keep Standartenführer Johannes Mühlenkamp in place as commander of the Wiking Division. At the end of August, he took over command of the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen. Near the end of January, Deisenhofer disappeared when traveling to a new command post. His staff car was attacked by a Soviet Ground Attack Aircraft. He was classified as missing in action.

Summary of SS career

 * NSDAP #: 250,226
 * SS-#: 3,642

 * Awards
 * German Cross in Gold (1942)
 * Iron Cross Second (1940) and First (1940) Classes
 * Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 8 May 1942 as SS-Sturmbannführer and commander of the I./SS-"Totenkopf"-Infanterie-Regiment 1.

title: Eduard Deisenhofer


text:
Jeff Jacobson

Jeff Jacobson may refer to:
 * Jeff Jacobson (politician), Ohio State Senator
 * Jeff Jacobson (photographer) (1946-2020), American photographer
 * Jeff Jacobson (CEO), former CEO of Xerox Corporation
 * Jeffrey E. Jacobson, American lawyer

title: Jeff Jacobson


text:
Microwave antenna

A microwave antenna is a physical transmission device used to broadcast microwave transmissions between two or more locations. In addition to broadcasting, antennas are also used in radar, radio astronomy and electronic warfare.

Uses

 * One-way (e.g. television broadcasting) and two-way telecommunication using communications satellites
 * Terrestrial microwave relay links in telecommunications networks including backbone or backhaul carriers in cellular networks linking BTS-BSC and BSC-MSC.
 * Radar
 * Radio astronomy
 * Communications intelligence
 * Electronic warfare

Reflector antennas
A parabolic antenna is an antenna that uses a parabolic reflector, a curved surface with the cross-sectional shape of a parabola, to direct the radio waves. These devices range anywhere from 6" to more than 12' diameter depending on application and use.

Horn antennas
A horn antenna or microwave horn is an antenna that consists of a flaring metal waveguide shaped like a horn to direct radio waves in a beam. Horns are widely used as antennas at UHF and microwave frequencies, above 300 MHz.

Lens antennas
A lens antenna uses a lens to direct or collect microwave radiation.

Array antennas
An array antenna is a high gain antenna consisting of an array of smaller antenna elements.

Leaky wave antenna
A leaky wave antenna uses a leaking transmission line to obtain radiation.

Spiral antenna
A spiral antenna, configured in the shape of a spiral, serves as a radio frequency antenna. It can function independently or as a feeder for satellite communication reflector antennas. It ensures excellent impedance matching and radiation pattern performance across the entire operating frequency band.

title: Microwave antenna


text:
Talk:Deep grammar

[Untitled]
Is this perhaps a conflation of the actual Chomskian terms Deep Structure and Universal Grammar?

I have a passing familiarity with Chomsky's theories and have never heard the term "Deep Grammar."

I wonder if this article needs to be here at all.

title: Talk:Deep grammar


text:
Talk:Missing person

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Adaughte.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 04:17, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Statistics
The European statistics on sexually abused children are unsupported by references as far as I can see. Whilst an immediate search for this stat produces sites which repeat the statement of "one in five children", the links to the main studies they quote define sexual abuse quite widely; including under age (under 16) persons being asked sexual questions in chat rooms. Whilst such activity would not be condoned by most people, I also expect that few people would define this as "sexual abuse". Further, a number of the studies compiled into this Europe wide report include statistics such 'consisting of “indecent exposure (40.8% of victims), touching (25.8% of victims), and abduction (23.1% of victims)"' with only 10% experiencing more than one of these events (from the source). This seems to indicate that the number may be inflated to include abduction statistics, or other crimes aligned with sexual abuse but not comprising of it. Ultimately, without source referencing, the 1 in 5 statistic is hard to justify. If references were added, of course, I would withdraw this objection.

Remove line
unless anybody has evidence that the vast majority of missing persons are female, I'm going to remove that line - it doesn't seem to be true in my own experience, plus if you want to be politically incorrect and stereotypical, for every woman missing due to domestic violence, there's a man missing due to a drug deal gone wrong.

 * there are statistics of missing persons generated monthly and they DO show many more females missing. Your own experience is not factual.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.54.190.252 (talk) 04:49, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

American statistics
The article claims that over a million people are reported missing each year. I assume this means a million on the US. This should be made clear, one way or the other.

Photo
Rather than having a photo of a missing statue in this article, why not post a photo of a real missing person? Maybe it might help lead to that person being found. - Brian Kendig 16:39, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I've removed that image. It doesn't really serve any need or add any value to the article other than an attempt at a joke. -- Longhair 16:52, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Disappearance by paranormal phenomena
There are some reports of people that disappeared by paranormal phenomena, which are not similiar like UFOs. In some cases it is reported that the person was just away in others the sighting of mysterious clouds moving on the ground, which captured the person are reported. Which cases are known? Which of them are best proofed? See e.g. on,  , ,

 * This article need to very sensitive to such people as would search for this article, and it should not wander into alarmist inference, or junk science such as above. Fringe theorists wishing to push this kind of POV spam are advised to take their crap elsewhere. The vast majority of people reported as missing turn up within 48 hours, and UFO or 'mysterious clouds' stuff should be kept to UFO or 'mysterious clouds' pages, and not ones where real people with missing loved ones might visit to see what probability holds. Coil00 23:43, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Do you have any proof that it is something OTHER than paranormal phenomena that accounts for some missing persons? I think it is clearly within bounds to have citations that link a portion of missing persons to 'paranormal phenomenea' if such verifible cites exist.

Closure / Monument
I have changed the following text:

"On May 26, 2002, a monument to missing persons was unveiled in County Kilkenny, Ireland by President Mary McAleese. At the time it was the first monument of its kind in the world. [2]"

to

"On May 26 2002, a monument to missing persons was unveiled in County Kilkenny, Ireland by President Mary McAleese. It was the first monument of its kind in the world. [2]"

Presumably if the monument was the first of it's kind when unveiled, it will always remain the first of it's kind.

I have also re-titled the section "Monument" as I could not understand why "Closure" was an appropriate title. ColourSarge 10:51, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

Application of Biometric Recognition Techniques
Not that I would wish to break Wikipedia's veracious "No Original Research" policy. However, it seems that Biometric techniques (spotting, for example, the faces of missing persons within a crowd) can be used in order to provide assurance (to the police at least) of the fact that a particular missing person is still alive. Such "facial recognition in a crowd" technology is already used in many situations (mostly to track criminals). Given that criminals are usually defined as missing in some sense (they are, afterall, on the run from the police often) - could it not be said that biometrics have found application to the tracking down of missing persons?

ConfusciousSays (talk) 05:38, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

Misunderstandings
Does not discuss misunderstandings as major reason. --Daniel C. Boyer (talk) 17:40, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

Methods of finding missing persons
This article should say more about how the government goes about looking for missing persons. E.g., they look at credit card and cell phone activity, right?  Tisane  talk/stalk 07:45, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

No Adults?
This article only mentions missing children and never shows any statistics on missing adults and teens. These need to be included into the article.--Paleface Jack (talk) 21:50, 12 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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help to find
Missing persons and unidentified decedents have seen much better science applied recently. It could be mentioned here: Locate International - https://locate.international/about/who-we-are/ is an example, as is the DNA Doe project. It also helps to say why people go missing and Missing Persons UK has looked into that for children and adults. 80-90% adults have mental illness, about 20% of children. For older adults 40% have dementia. There are better figures on Missing Persons which can be added. For example very high % of missing being found within 2 days. These can make the article more accurate and also more useful for those wanting to help in finding a missing person.

Yes I know this is an encyclopedia, but people will read this article with often an activist framing. 88.112.31.26 (talk) 09:17, 14 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Missing person


text:
File:Grimjack 1.jpg

Cover to Grimjack issue #1.

title: File:Grimjack 1.jpg


text:
Lethbridge (provincial electoral district)

Lethbridge was a provincial electoral district in Alberta mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1905 to 1909, and again from 1921 to 1971.

History
The riding has existed twice, from 1905 to 1909, and again from 1921 to 1971. The Lethbridge electoral district was founded as one of the original 25 electoral districts contested in the 1905 Alberta general election upon Alberta joining Confederation in September 1905. The electoral district was a continuation of the Lethbridge electoral district responsible for returning a single member to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1891 to 1905.

In 1905, the Lethbridge electoral district covered a large patch of southern Alberta and was subsequently broken into Lethbridge District and Lethbridge City in 1909. After Lethbridge District was broken up into Taber and Little Bow in 1913, Lethbridge City was all that remained, using the Lethbridge name; in 1921 Lethbridge was reformed after City was dropped from the name.

The Lethbridge electoral district was abolished in the 1971 electoral district re-distribution, and the territory was formed into Lethbridge-East and Lethbridge-West electoral districts.

The riding was named after the Southern Alberta City of Lethbridge.

Representation
Liberal Leverett George DeVeber was elected as the first representative for the Lethbridge electoral district in 1905, DeVeber had previously held the Lethbridge seat in the Northwest Territories Legislature from 1898 to 1905. DeVeber's time as the representative was short as he was appointed to the Senate on March 8, 1906.

1948 electrification plebiscite
District results from the first province wide plebiscite on electricity regulation.

1957 liquor plebiscite
On October 30, 1957 a stand-alone plebiscite was held province wide in all 50 of the then current provincial electoral districts in Alberta. The government decided to consult Alberta voters to decide on liquor sales and mixed drinking after a divisive debate in the Legislature. The plebiscite was intended to deal with the growing demand for reforming antiquated liquor control laws.

The plebiscite was conducted in two parts. Question A asked in all districts, asked the voters if the sale of liquor should be expanded in Alberta, while Question B asked in a handful of districts within the corporate limits of Calgary and Edmonton asked if men and woman were allowed to drink together in establishments.

Province wide Question A of the plebiscite passed in 33 of the 50 districts while Question B passed in all five districts. Lethbridge and Wetaskiwin were the only cities in Alberta to vote against the proposal. It was defeated by the narrowest margins with polls showing a clear split between the north and south sections of the city. The voter turnout in the district was well above the province wide average of 46% with well over half the electors turning out to vote.

Official district returns were released to the public on December 31, 1957. The Social Credit government in power at the time did not considered the results binding. However the results of the vote led the government to repeal all existing liquor legislation and introduce an entirely new Liquor Act.

Municipal districts lying inside electoral districts that voted against the Plebiscite such as Lethbridge were designated Local Option Zones by the Alberta Liquor Control Board and considered effective dry zones, business owners that wanted a license had to petition for a binding municipal plebiscite in order to be granted a license.


text:
Nepean Gorge

The Nepean Gorge is a gorge on the Nepean River west of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The gorge is located south of the western suburb of Penrith and is administered and protected by the National Parks and Wildlife Service. It is carved through the sandstone typical of the region, Hawkesbury sandstone. There is some speculation as to why it runs through the eastern edge of the Blue Mountains rather than around it.

The gorge is popular for water recreation by small watercraft all year. Lookouts above the gorge are accessible by dirt roads on both banks and the area is steeped with Aboriginal history. Evidence of prehistoric volcanic activity in the area also exists in the soil and stone of nearby hills.

title: Nepean Gorge


text:
Eucatastrophe

A eucatastrophe is a sudden turn of events in a story which ensures that the protagonist does not meet some terrible, impending, and very plausible and probable doom. The writer J. R. R. Tolkien coined the word by affixing the Greek prefix eu, meaning good, to catastrophe, the word traditionally used in classically inspired literary criticism to refer to the "unravelling" or conclusion of a drama's plot. For Tolkien, the term appears to have had a thematic meaning that went beyond its literal etymological meaning in terms of form. In his definition as outlined in his 1947 essay "On Fairy-Stories", eucatastrophe is a fundamental part of his conception of mythopoeia. Though Tolkien's interest is in myth, it is connected to the gospel; Tolkien calls the Incarnation of Christ the eucatastrophe of "human history" and the Resurrection the eucatastrophe of the Incarnation. The explosion of the Death Star in Star Wars, or the kiss that saves Snow White, have been characterized as eucatastrophes. Longtermists such as Owen Cotton-Barratt and Toby Ord have adopted the word to refer to any hypothetical future transition that would provide "existential hope" of not only averting human extinction, but also hope of an "efflorescence" of future abundance.

Eucatastrophe in fiction has been labelled by some as a form of deus ex machina, due to both sharing an impossible problem being suddenly resolved. However, differences between the two have been noted, such as eucatastrophe's inherent connection to an optimistic view on the unfolding of events in the narrative of the world. In Tolkien's view, eucatastrophe can occur without the use of a deus ex machina.

Eucatastrophe could be held in apposition to dyscatastrophe, another word that Tolkien also used to refer to the sudden turn from which there is no upward movement or hope.

Examples in Tolkien's work

The best-known and most fully realized eucatastrophe in Tolkien's work occurs in the climax of The Lord of the Rings. Though victory seems assured for Sauron, the One Ring is permanently destroyed as a result of Gollum's waylaying of Frodo at Mount Doom. Frodo essentially fails his impossible quest at its very end, claiming the Ring for himself – however, at this moment, Gollum suddenly appears, steals the ring, and in his ecstatic gloating falls into the fire. If not for Frodo's previous mercy in sparing Gollum's life (a great risk owing to Gollum's obvious treachery, met with bitter protest by Sam), and if not for the Ring's own corruptive influence on Gollum, Sauron would surely have reclaimed it. Thus, Evil is inadvertently and unforeseeably defeated through a small act of kindness and through its own corruptive machinations.

Another example of eucatastrophe is the recurring role of the eagles as unexpected rescuers throughout Tolkien's writing. While their role has been described as that of a deus ex machina, Tolkien described Bilbo's "eucatastrophic emotion" at the eagles' appearance in The Hobbit as one of the key moments of the book.

title: Eucatastrophe


text:
Atlantic Starr

Atlantic Starr is an American rhythm and blues band based in White Plains, New York. They are best known for the hits "Always", "Secret Lovers", "Circles", and "Masterpiece".

History
Atlantic Starr began in Greenburgh, New York with trumpeter Duke Jones (who left the band prior to their first recordings), drummer Porter Carroll Jr., bassist Clifford Archer, percussionist and flautist Joseph Phillips, Sheldon Tucker (guitar; parted ways with the band before the first recordings), and three brothers: David Lewis (vocals and guitar), Wayne Lewis (keyboards and vocals), and Jonathan Lewis (keyboards and trombone). The band's membership eventually stabilized around Carroll, Archer, Phillips, the three Lewis brothers, lead singer Sharon Bryant (who was later replaced by Barbara Weathers), trumpeter William Sudderth III, and saxophonist Damon Rentie (who was later replaced by Koran Daniels).

In 1977, the band came to Westwood, California, and performed on the nightclub scene under the name "Newban," which they agreed to change at the request of A&M Records executive Herb Alpert when they were signed. Having already agreed to keep the Starr part of an early idea for a new band name, the members decided to add the word Atlantic, because of their East Coast roots. The nine-member band were now A&M employees.

Throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s, Atlantic Starr scored several hits on the R&B charts. However, significant crossover success (onto the pop charts) did not come until halfway into the 1980s, with the release of their album As the Band Turns (their last on A&M Records), and the single "Secret Lovers". By this time, the band had pared itself down to a quintet, consisting of the three Lewis brothers, Phillips, and Weathers. In 1987 (after signing to Warner Bros. Records), the band solidified their pop success by scoring a No. 1 pop (and R&B) hit with "Always", a love ballad off their album All in the Name of Love. Following this success, Weathers left for a solo career, and she was replaced by Porscha Martin for the band's next album, 1989's We're Movin' Up. Although this album was not quite as successful as its predecessors, it did produce another No. 1 R&B hit with "My First Love."

The band continued to score hits on both the R&B and Pop charts into the early 1990s. 1991 saw the introduction of yet another new female lead singer, when Martin was replaced by Miss Black America 1986, Rachel Oliver, for the album, Love Crazy. This album featured the band's biggest hit of the 1990s, with "Masterpiece" reaching No. 3 on both the pop and R&B charts in early 1992. The group toured to Japan in 1992 with yet another female vocalist at the helm, Crystal Blake, a studio vocalist for Stevie Wonder who had also sung the female lead parts on the minor hit title track for Eddie Murphy's How Could It Be album and Young MC's "Bust a Move."

Following the release of Love Crazy, Atlantic Starr's relationship with Warner Bros. Records dissolved, and in 1994, the band recorded one album for Arista: Time. That album was a commercial disappointment and the single "I'll Remember You" only made it to the fifties on Billboard's R&B and pop singles charts. Time (which was David Lewis' last album with the band) found a fifth female singer, Aisha Tanner, replacing Oliver. And when 1999's Legacy was distributed by the small, independent Street Solid label, Atlantic Starr unveiled yet another lineup—one that consisted of two Lewis Brothers (Wayne and Jonathan) as well as Oliver (who had returned and replaced Tanner) and a new male singer named DeWayne Woods. Although Legacy received little attention, Atlantic Starr still continues to perform today and released their 14th album, Metamorphosis in 2017, featuring L'john Epps and Melessa Pierce.

Original members
After leaving Atlantic Starr, original drummer and founding bandmember Porter Carroll Jr. released a self-titled solo album (Porter Carroll II) in 1986. This album featured contributions from several prominent musicians, including Marcus Miller, David Sanborn, and former Starr bandmate Sharon Bryant. He has continued to do session work since that time, and is currently playing percussion in Daryl Hall's live band.

Following her exit from Atlantic Starr, singer Bryant embarked on a solo career and released an album in 1989, scoring several big hits on the R&B charts, as well as a minor Pop hit from the project.

Original saxophonist Damon Rentie went on to a solo career of his own, releasing his first solo album, Designated Hitter in 1985. His second and third solo albums followed in each successive year (1986 and 1987, respectively). He had also previously done session work with DeBarge.

Original trumpeter William Sudderth continues to follow an active schedule in the music business, performing in many diverse settings and having become one of the most sought-after horn players in the industry.

Cameos
In April 1992, Atlantic Starr appeared as themselves on an episode of the daytime soap opera Another World. They sang at local nightspot Sassy's during the episode.

Compilation albums

 * Secret Lovers: The Best of Atlantic Starr (1986, A&M)
 * Classics, Vol. 10 (1987, A&M)
 * Always - The Very Best Of (1993, Tusk Music Co. (Pty) Ltd.)
 * Greatest Hits (1997, Dominion)
 * Ultimate Collection (2000, Hip-O)
 * 20th Century Masters: Millennium Collection - The Best of Atlantic Starr (2001, A&M)
 * Secret Lovers (2006, KRB Music Companies)
 * Newban and Newban 2 (2012 BBE Records)
 * The Best of Atlantic Starr (2015, MMT)

title: Atlantic Starr


text:
Bankstown railway station

Bankstown railway station is located on the Bankstown line, serving the Sydney suburb of Bankstown. It is served by Sydney Trains T3 Bankstown line services.

History
Bankstown station opened on 14 April 1909, when the Bankstown line was extended from Belmore. It served as the terminus of the line until it was extended to Regents Park on the Main South line in 1928. Opposite platform 2 lies a parcel platform that was used by Electric Parcels Vans until 1966.

In December 2013, planning approval was granted for an upgrade project including the installation of new stairs, ramps, canopies and ticket barriers. Work commenced in July 2014 and completed in 2015.

Sydney Metro City and Southwest
Transport for NSW is currently extending the Sydney Metro to Bankstown, with a delayed opening date of 2025. Before the extension opens, the line between Bankstown and Sydenham will close, so that the nine intermediate stations can be converted for driverless Metro operation. Sydney Trains will continue to run services between Bankstown station and the Main Southern railway line to the west.

As part of the project, Bankstown station will be upgraded to have an additional at-grade station entrance at the eastern end of the existing platforms, which will align with The Appian Way and Restwell Street. The new entrance will also provide access to Sydney Metro platforms, which will be built east of the new entrance over the road connection between North and South Terraces. The existing station entrance will be retained and the existing platforms is proposed to be retained and extended westwards. The former parcels office, as well as a crossover at the eastern end of the station, will be removed for construction.

Platforms and services
Traditionally, services operated in a loop from the city via Sydenham to Bankstown, then on to Lidcombe, returning to the city via Strathfield and the Main Suburban line and vice versa. In more recent years alternate trains on the line were extended to Liverpool station and trains to Lidcombe no longer return via Strathfield. In the past, there were also limited services to Blacktown via a loop connection to the Main Western line near Lidcombe.

Currently services operate to Lidcombe and Liverpool on an alternate basis. To the west of the station, lies a headshunt to allow trains to terminate. This facility is only used by a few trains each night and during trackwork, as there are no trains scheduled to terminate at Bankstown at other times.

Transport links

Transit Systems operates nine bus routes via Bankstown station:
 * 487: to Canterbury
 * 905: to Fairfield station
 * 907: to Parramatta station
 * 908: to Merrylands station
 * 909: to Parramatta station
 * 911: to Auburn station
 * 913: to Strathfield station
 * 920: to Parramatta station
 * M90: Liverpool station to Westfield Burwood
 * M91: Parramatta station to Hurstville

U-Go Mobility operates 12 bus routes via Bankstown station:
 * 922: to East Hills
 * 923: to Panania
 * 924: to East Hills
 * 925: Lidcombe to East Hills
 * 926: to Revesby Heights (to Padstow weekdays off peak only)
 * 939: to Greenacre
 * 940: to Hurstville station
 * 941: to Hurstville station
 * 944: to Mortdale
 * 945: to Hurstville station
 * 946: to Roselands Shopping Centre
 * 960: to Sutherland station

Bankstown station is served by one NightRide route:
 * N40: East Hills station to Town Hall station

title: Bankstown railway station


text:
Bradbury Science Museum

The Bradbury Science Museum is the chief public facility of Los Alamos National Laboratory, located at 1350 Central Avenue in Los Alamos, New Mexico, in the United States. It was founded in 1953, and was named for the Laboratory's second director (1945–1970), Norris E. Bradbury. Among the museum's early exhibits, artifacts and documents from World War II Manhattan Project were displayed upon declassification. Other exhibits include full-size models of the Little Boy and Fat Man atomic bombs. Admission is free.

Early years
Robert Krohn, who oversaw early nuclear testing at what was then known as Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, thought the facility required a museum to house historical relics related to weapons research in 1953. Krohn convinced Norris Bradbury (Laboratory director, 1945–1970) a museum could preserve the Laboratory's history and provide a place for official visitors to learn about the Laboratory's weapon programs.

An old ice house on the bank of Ashley Pond across from Fuller Lodge became the first Laboratory museum. Already fitted with a vault door, the ice house satisfied security standards for housing the classified exhibits Krohn wanted to preserve. The ice house Museum opened to official visitors in 1954.

In 1963, Robert Porton, director of community relations at the Laboratory, expressed an interest in adding unclassified exhibits to the Museum.

Bradbury approved the transfer of unclassified exhibits to an area open to the public, and soon World War II-era documents and photographs, tracing the development of the town and the Laboratory, were displayed with scientific memorabilia and working models of unclassified research projects. In its first year, 14,000 visitors from 50 states and 40 countries visited the Museum.

In 1965, the Museum was moved to larger quarters. The range and number of exhibits grew rapidly and included many hands-on models contributed by scientific groups and divisions within the Laboratory.

Named after Norris E. Bradbury
In 1970, the museum was renamed the Norris E. Bradbury Science Museum, honoring the laboratory's second director. Eventually, the museum's official name was shortened to the Bradbury Science Museum. Major renovations to the Museum took place in 1981. Informal, donated exhibits gave way to professionally designed exhibits in a formal museum atmosphere. Videotapes, videodisks, and interactive computer programs were introduced. New artifacts included a Mark 12A warhead, models of Vela and Navistar verification and communication satellites, and an air-launched cruise missile.

Moved to downtown Los Alamos
By 1987, annual attendance had reached 80,000, and parking space for visitors was disappearing. Laboratory officials began exploring options for relocating the Museum site. In April 1993, the Museum moved into its new and present location in the heart of downtown Los Alamos. The building was designed by William Agnew and Associates and is leased by the Laboratory from a private owner.

Today
Approximately 40 interactive exhibits trace the history of the World War II Manhattan Project, highlight the Laboratory's current and historic research projects related to defense and technology, and focus on Laboratory research related to national security, nuclear weapons stockpile stewardship, and other fields. Recent additions to the museum's collections are exhibits about the history of supercomputers, the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos' contributions to the Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity rover), nanotechnology, algae biofuels, and high explosives.

title: Bradbury Science Museum


text:
Back in Baroque... The String Tribute to AC/DC

Back in Baroque: The String Tribute to AC/DC is a classical version of the album Back in Black by hard rock band AC/DC. It replaces the vocals and guitars of the original songs with an array of stringed instruments.

Track listing

 * 1) Hells Bells
 * 2) Shoot to Thrill
 * 3) What Do You Do for Money Honey
 * 4) Give the Dog a Bone
 * 5) Let Me Put My Love into You
 * 6) Back in Black
 * 7) You Shook Me All Night Long
 * 8) Have a Drink on Me
 * 9) Shake a Leg
 * 10) Rock & Roll Ain't Noise Pollution