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Academy (English school)

An academy school in England is a state-funded school which is directly funded by the Department for Education and independent of local authority control. The terms of the arrangements are set out in individual Academy Funding Agreements. 80% of secondary schools, 40% of primary schools and 44% of special schools are academies (as of October 2023).

Academies are self-governing non-profit charitable trusts and may receive additional support from personal or corporate sponsors, either financially or in kind. Academies are inspected and follow the same rules on admissions, special educational needs and exclusions as other state schools and students sit the same national exams. They have more autonomy with the National Curriculum, but must ensure their curriculum is broad and balanced, and that it includes the core subjects of English, maths and science. They must also teach relationships and sex education, and religious education. They are free to choose their specialisms.

Types
The following are all types of academy:

An academy trust that operates more than one academy is known as a multi-academy trust, although sometimes the terms academy group or academy federation are used instead. An academy chain is a group of trusts working together under a shared management structure.
 * Sponsored academy: A formerly maintained school that has been transformed to academy status as part of a government intervention strategy. They are consequently run by a Government-approved sponsor. They are sometimes referred to as traditional academies.
 * Converter academy: A formerly maintained school that has voluntarily converted to academy status. It is not necessary for a converter academy to have a sponsor.
 * Free school: Free schools are new academies established since 2011 via the Free School Programme. From May 2015, usage of the term was also extended to new academies set up via a Local Authority competition. The majority of free schools are similar in size and shape to other types of academy. However, the following are distinctive sub-types of free school:
 * Studio school: A small free school, usually with around 300 pupils, using project-based learning
 * University Technical College: A free school for the 14-18 age group, specialising in practical, employment focused subjects, sponsored by a university, employer or further education college.
 * Maths school: A selective sixth form free school for those with significant mathematical aptitude, specialising in mathematics. They are sponsored by a selective mathematics university.
 * Faith academy: An academy with an official faith designation.
 * Co-operative academy: An academy that uses an alternative co-operative academy agreement.

Features
An academy is an independent state school governed by the Academy Agreement it makes with the Department for Education, and at that point it severs connections with the local education authority. The current advisory text is the Academy and free school: master funding agreement dated March 2018. The governors of the academy are obliged to publish an annual report and accounts, that are open to scrutiny and inspections.

All academies are expected to follow a broad and balanced curriculum but many have a particular focus on, or formal specialism in, one or more areas such as science; arts; business and enterprise; computing; engineering; mathematics; modern foreign languages; performing arts; sport; or technology. Although academies are required to follow some aspects of the National Curriculum, they are otherwise free to innovate; however, as they participate in the same Key Stage 3 and GCSE exams as other English schools, they teach a curriculum very similar other schools, with only small variations.

Like other state schools, academies are required to adhere to the National Admissions Code, although newly established academies with a faith designation are subject to the 50% Rule requiring them to allocate at least half of their places without reference to faith. In terms of their governance, academies are established as companies limited by guarantee with a Board of Directors that acts as a Trust. The Academy Trust has exempt charity status, regulated by the Department for Education. The trustees are legally, but not financially, accountable for the operation of the academy. The Trust serves as the legal entity of which the school is part. The trustees oversee the running of the school, sometimes delegating responsibility to a local governing body which they appoint. The day-to-day management of the school is, as in most schools, conducted by the head teacher and their senior management team. In Sponsored Academies, the sponsor is able to influence the process of establishing the school, including its curriculum, ethos, specialism and building (if a new one is built). The sponsor also has the power to appoint governors to the academy's governing body.

History
The Labour Government under Tony Blair established academies through the Learning and Skills Act 2000, which amended the section of the Education Act 1996 relating to City Technology Colleges. They were first announced as part of the Fresh Start programme  in a speech by David Blunkett, then Secretary of State for Education and Skills, in 2000. He said that their aim was "to improve pupil performance and break the cycle of low expectations ''.

The chief architect of the policy was Andrew Adonis (now Lord Adonis, formerly Secretary of State at the Department for Transport) in his capacity as education advisor to the Prime Minister in the late 1990s.

Academies were known as City Academies for the first few years, but the term was changed to Academies by an amendment in the Education Act 2002. The term Sponsored Academies was applied retroactively to this type of academy, to distinguish it from other types of academy that were enabled later.

By 2024, about 80% of state-funded secondary schools were academies or free schools, and about 40% of primary schools were academies.

Sponsored academies
Sponsored Academies originally needed a private sponsor who could be an individual (such as Sir David Garrard, who sponsors Business Academy Bexley), organisations such as the United Learning Trust, mission-driven businesses such as The Co-operative Group or outsourcing for-profit businesses such as Amey plc). These sponsors were expected to bring "the best of private-sector best practice and innovative management" to academies, "often in marked contrast to the lack of leadership experienced by the failing schools that academies have replaced" (known as predecessor schools). They were originally required to contribute 10% of the academy's capital costs (up to a maximum of £2m). The remainder of the capital and running costs were met by the state in the usual way for UK state schools through grants funded by the local authority.

The Government later removed the requirement for financial investment by a private sponsor in a move to encourage successful existing schools and charities to become sponsors.

Sponsored Academies typically replaced one or more existing schools, but some were newly established. They were intended to address the problem of entrenched failure within English schools with low academic achievement, or schools situated in communities with low academic aspirations. Often these schools had been placed in "special measures" after an Ofsted inspection, as has been the case for schools in the Co-op Academies Trust (one of the larger business-supported trusts). They were expected to be creative and innovative because of their financial and academic freedoms, in order to deal with the long-term issues they were intended to solve.

Originally all Sponsored Academies had to have a curriculum specialism within the English Specialist Schools Programme (SSP). However, this requirement was removed in 2010. By May 2010 there were 203 Sponsored Academies in England.

Converter academies
The Academies Act 2010 sought to increase the number of academies. It enabled all maintained schools to convert to academy status, known as Converter Academies and enabled new academies to be created via the Free School Programme.

At the same time the new Conservative-led Coalition Government announced that they would redirect funding for school Specialisms [i.e. Technology College Status] into mainstream funding. This meant that Secondary Schools would no longer directly receive ring-fenced funds of £130K from Government for each of their specialisms. One way to regain some direct control over their finances and retain specialist funding was to become a Converter Academy and receive all of their funding direct from Government, with the possibility of buying in services at a cheaper rate. This, along with some schools wanting more independence from local authority control, meant that many state secondary schools in England converted to academy status in subsequent years.

By April 2011, the number of academies had increased to 629, and by August 2011, reached 1,070. By July 2012 this number reached 1,957, double that of the previous year. and, at 1 November 2013, it stood at 3,444.

Financial accountability
The Education Funding Agency monitors financial management and governance of academies. In March 2022, a report by parliament's Public Accounts Committee found that academy trusts paying a staff member more than £100,000 had increased from 1,875 to 2,245 in 2020-2021 from the previous financial year. The committee concluded that lack of financial transparency undermined parents' capacity to hold school leaders and the funding agencies to account.

The converting procedure (2022)
The governors of a school are persuaded to consider academy status, perhaps in response to an approach by a multi-academy trust (MAT). They have two choices: remain with their current local authority, or join a multi-academy trust; converting to be a stand-alone trust ceased to be an option prior to 2018. If they were only given a 'satisfactory' (now referred to as 'requir[ing] improvement') Ofsted rating, they don't have the power to make the decision. The governors assess the MATs available and willing to take them on. Ethos and values, geographical mix of schools and practicality, how individual schools have succeeded in retaining their identity, value for money, and the trust's capacity to support the development of schools and staff are all factors that are compared. The governors then select a partner trust.

They then register interest with the DfE and inform the Regional Schools Commission. Governors open consultation with parents and staff, and with this information make a decision as to whether to proceed. Assuming they do, the Regional Schools Commissioner approves the decision to join the selected trust and the Secretary of State issues an academy order. The school staff to are transferred to the MAT in accordance with TUPE regulations, and land and commercial assets are transferred from the local authority. The school can change its mind until documents are sent to the Secretary of State in order to be signed; this is usually around three weeks before the agreed conversion date.

There are legal costs involved, and £25,000 is given to a converting academy to cover these costs. The local authority must grant a 125-year lease to the academy trust for the land. School land and playing fields are protected under Section 77 of the School Standards and Framework Act 1998. The school pays a proportion of its central funding to the MAT for shared services but can in theory take better measures to ensure best value.

Support
Whilst still in the fairly early stage of development, supporters pointed to emerging data showing "striking" improvements in GCSE results for academies compared to their predecessors, with early results showing that "GCSE results are improving twice as fast in academies as in state schools".

In an article in The Observer, that regarded many of the Government's claims for academies with scepticism, journalist Geraldine Bedell conceded that:

 * They seem, so far, to be working – not all as spectacularly as Mossbourne, but much better than most of the struggling inner-city schools they replaced.

The article singles out the cited academy, Mossbourne Community Academy in Hackney, as "apparently the most popular [school] in Britain – at least with politicians" and "the top school in the country for value-added results".

Since the early stages of the academies sector, the sector has grown substantially, and as of January 2022, more than half (53%) of all pupils in England are educated in an academy, and academies account for 39% of primary schools (40% of the primary school population), 80% of secondary schools (79% of secondary school pupils) and 43% of special schools (40% of special school pupils). This growth in the academies system coincides with the improvement of Ofsted judgement across schools, with 88% of all schools rated Good or Outstanding, an improvement from 68% in August 2010.

Research from the University of Nottingham into how the academies sector responded to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic showed how strong and sustainable trusts are a resilient and protective structure for pupils and schools.

Sector experts such as Leora Cruddas, Chief Executive of the sector body Confederation of School Trusts, support the concept of academy trusts being the ideal vehicle for school improvement, as, unlike in local authorities, “it is the legal vehicle that enables schools to work together in a group in a single legal entity. The trust, therefore, creates the capacity for school improvement. As the legal entity, the trust can also create the conditions and the culture of improvement.” They also highlight the impact academy trusts have made in tackling the attainment gap in areas of the country such as the North.

Criticism and opposition
Academies have continued to be controversial,  and their existence has frequently been opposed and challenged by some politicians, commentators, teachers, teachers' unions, and parents. Even after several years of operation and with a number of academies open and reporting successes, the programme continues to come under attack for creating schools that are said to be, among other things, a waste of money, selective, damaging to the schools and communities around them, forced on parents who do not want them, and a move towards privatisation of education "by the back door".

Opposition within Labour
The introduction of academy schools was opposed by teachers' trade unions and some high-profile figures within the Labour Party, such as former party leader Lord Kinnock. Lord Kinnock criticised the academies scheme, saying that they were a "distortion of choice" and risked creating a "seller's market" with "schools selecting parents and children instead of parents selecting schools".

Education Select Committee in 2005
The House of Commons Education and Skills Select Committee reported in March 2005 that it would have been wiser to limit the programme to 30 or 50 academies in order to evaluate the results before expanding the programme, and that "the rapid expansion of the Academy policy comes at the expense of rigorous evaluation". The Select Committee was concerned that the promising results achieved by some academies may be due to increased exclusions of harder-to-teach pupils. They noted that two Middlesbrough academies had expelled 61 pupils, compared to just 15 from all other secondary schools in the borough.

Criticism of choice of sponsors
The programme of creating academies has also been heavily criticised by some for handing schools to private sector entrepreneurs who in many cases have no experience of the education sector: such as the Evangelical Christian car dealer, Sir Peter Vardy, who has been accused of promoting the teaching of creationism alongside macroevolution in his Emmanuel Schools Foundation academies. This is also linked to the wider debate in the education sector as to the benefits or otherwise of the growing role of religion in the school system being promoted by the New Labour government in general, and Tony Blair in particular, with many academies (one estimate puts it at "more than half" ) being sponsored either by religious groups or organisations/individuals with a religious affiliation.

A parliamentary report in 2015, entitled "Free Schools and Academies", recommends that "In the meantime the Government should stop exaggerating the success of academies and be cautious about firm conclusions except where the evidence merits it. Academisation is not always successful nor is it the only proven alternative for a struggling school". In 2016 a major study by the Education Policy Institute found no significant differences in performance between academies and local council run schools.

Expense and diversion of funding
The original City Academy programme was attacked for its expense: it cost on average £25m to build an academy under this scheme, much of which was taken up by the costs of new buildings. Critics contend that this is significantly more than it costs to build a new local authority school. Some operators are paying senior staff six-figure salaries, partly funded by central government.

In December 2012, the Public Accounts Committee of the House of Commons questioned Henry Stewart, of the Local Schools Network, and Rachel Wolf, of the New Schools Network, on accountability and funding of academies and free schools. The Committee was review a report by the Auditor General, Managing the Expansion of the Academies Programme (HC 682), which had identified that in 2011-12 £96,000,000 had been diverted from supporting under-performing Local Authority schools to the academies programme, followed by a further £400,000,000 in the financial year 2012-13. The Committee also questioned Chris Wormald, then Permanent Secretary at the Department for Education, who admitted that the Government had deliberately chosen to remove money originally allocated to support under-performing schools. Chris Wormald stated, "The Government took a very conscious decision that its major school improvement programme was the academies programme."

Effectiveness
In December 2018, the Sutton Trust published a report on the effectiveness of MATs in improving the performance of disadvantaged children, with its authors noting that "Our five-year analysis of sponsor academies' provision for disadvantaged pupils shows that while a few chains are demonstrating transformational results for these pupils, more are struggling."

Party policies, and developments since the end of the Labour Government
The Conservative Party has supported the academy proposal from its inception but wants the scheme to go further. This accord was reflected in a remark made by Conservative spokesman David Willetts in 2006:

In 2004, the Liberal Democrats were reported as being "split" on the issue and so decided that academies should not be mentioned in the party's education policy. The position of Phil Willis, the education spokesman at the time, was summarised as:

In 2005, Willis' successor, Ed Davey, argued that academies were creating a "two-tier education system" and called for the academy programme to be halted until "a proper analysis can be done". At the subsequent election, Academies were supported by all three main political parties, with a further cross-party initiative to extend the programme into primary schools currently being considered.

In 2010 the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats coalition government announced plans to expand the academy programme with the Academies Act 2010. In May 2010 the then Education secretary Michael Gove wrote to all state schools in England inviting them to opt out of Local Authority control and convert to Academy status. Gove also stated that some academies could be created in time for the new Academic year in September 2010. By 23 July 2010, 153 schools in England had applied for academy status, lower than the prediction that more than 1,000 would do so. In spite of the expanding Academy programme, in August 2010 Gove announced that 75 existing academy rebuild projects were likely to be scaled back. Nevertheless, by September 2012, the majority of state secondary schools in England had become Academies. Monthly updated information on existing academies and free schools, and applications in process, is published by the Department for Education.

Comparisons
The city academy programme was originally based on the programme of City Technology Colleges (CTCs) created by the Conservative government under Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s, which were also business-sponsored. From 2003, the Government encouraged CTCs to convert to academies; did so (for example, Djanogly CTC is now Djanogly City Academy) was a 2003 conversion.

Academies differ from CTCs in several ways; most notably, academies cannot select more than 10% of pupils by ability, whereas CTCs can. Academies have been compared to US charter schools, which are publicly funded schools largely independent of state and federal control.

s
A number of private and charitable organisations run groups of academies, known as Multi-Academy Trusts (MATs). These major operators include ARK Schools, Academies Enterprise Trust, E-ACT (formerly Edutrust Academies Charitable Trust), Emmanuel Schools Foundation, Harris Federation, Oasis Trust, Ormiston Academies Trust, Tauheedul Education Trust and United Learning Trust.

The Department for Education publishes a full list of active academy sponsors.

Concern about MATs taking over primary schools that are then rebrokered
In 2019 there were 5,539 primary academies in England, of which 514 were forced away from local authority control after being failed by Ofsted. The Department for Education (DfE) paid out at least £18.4m to the academy trusts taking on these schools. The parents, governors and local authorities had no say in how this money was spent or how the assets were used.

Since 2013–14, more than 300 primary academies have been rebrokered (receiving government setup money again) or moved between trusts. In 2017–8, seven trusts running primary schools closed leaving all their schools in search of another sponsor. This leads to uncertainty and expense as the new trust will rebrand and parents must pay for new school uniform. New rules, staff and systems are set in place.

title: Academy (English school)


text: Category:Divisions of Fiji

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Divisions of Fiji


text: User talk:81.130.34.120

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Henry Young

Sir Henry Edward Fox Young, KCMG (23 April 1803 – 18 September 1870) was the fifth Governor of South Australia, serving in that role from 2 August 1848 until 20 December 1854. He was then the first Governor of Tasmania, from 1855 until 1861.

Early life
Young was the third son of Sir Aretas William Young, a well-known peninsular officer, and was born at Brabourne, Kent. He was educated at Dean's School, Bromley, Middlesex, and, intended for the bar, entered as a student at the Inner Temple.

Early career
Young was appointed in 1827 to a position in the colonial treasury in Trinidad, and in 1828 was transferred to Demerara, British Guiana. From 1833, he was involved in the emancipation of slaves in the British Caribbean colonies. In 1834, he was posted briefly to St Lucia as treasurer, secretary and member of the council, and in 1835 returned to British Guiana as government secretary.

In 1847, Young returned to London, before he was appointed lieutenant-governor of the Eastern District of the Cape Colony (later the Eastern Cape) in South Africa. He was knighted in 1847.

Governor of South Australia
Young was transferred a few months later to South Australia where he arrived on 1 August 1848 on the Forfarshire. It was hoped that he would be able to announce some measure of responsible government but he had nothing to say on this subject, and it was not until February 1851 that an ordinance was passed constituting a Legislative council of 24 members, of whom eight were nominated by the crown (four officials and four appointed by the governor) and 16 were to be elected. Under Young, South Australia received its first formal parliament.

The South Australian House of Assembly comprised 36 members each elected from a different area. It was Governor Young who offered a prize of £2000 in 1851 for the first person to travel up the Murray River to its junction with the Darling River (now the town of Wentworth) in a paddle steamer. The prize was claimed in 1853 by Francis Cadell with his steamer Lady Augusta (named for Sir Henry's wife). Due to the difficulty of navigating the Murray Mouth, Young supported building the railway from the river port of Goolwa to the new sea port at Port Elliot (named after his friend, Charles Elliot). Young was a supporter of St Peter's College and the Young Prize, awarded annually from income from a section of land at Dry Creek, and vested in the college for the purpose, was named for him. He was president of the Adelaide Philosophical Society 1853–1854. Though it was expected sooner or later, the order for his transfer to Van Diemen's Land (today's Tasmania) gave little time for the usual formalities and farewells.

Governor of Van Diemens Land/Tasmania
Young began his duties in Van Diemens Land in January 1855. Sir Henry Fox Young's term as Governor of Van Diemens Land was significant, because in 1856 the Island colony received self-government, and was renamed Tasmania to mark the fact and as a deliberate measure by free-settlers to distance its convict past. Sir Henry was the first Tasmanian Governor to occupy Government House, Hobart, the beautiful neo-gothic Vice-Regal residence on the banks of the River Derwent.

At this time the constitution act was awaiting the royal assent, and the legislative council might wisely have postponed meeting until news of this had been received. It, however, met in July and one of its acts was to form a committee to inquire into the working of the convict department. Dr Hampton, the comptroller-general of convicts, was summoned to appear as a witness and refused to attend. The council decided he was guilty of contempt and arrested him. Hampton served a writ of habeas corpus upon the sergeant-at-arms and the opinion of the law officers of the crown was against the legality of the council's proceedings. Young then attended at the house and prorogued the council until 20 October. The Times severely commented upon Young's conduct, but he was commended by the British government. The Tasmanian supreme court ruled against the council, and when it was taken to the privy council this decision was confirmed. The new constitution was soon successfully instituted and Young welcomed the change in his position, feeling that he was now above the battle and freed from much trying responsibility. He travelled through the island, showed much interest in its development, and capably carried out the work of his office.

Later life
Young left Tasmania on 10 December 1861 for Melbourne, whence he travelled to England and lived in retirement in London until his death there on 18 September 1870. He is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.

Youngtown, Tasmania, was named in honour of Young.

Family
Young married Augusta Sophia Marryat (born 1829) in 1848. She was the daughter of a former slaveholder, Charles Marryat, of Potter's Bar, Middlesex, who had been compensated part of £34,000 in the 1830s upon the emancipation of slavery. Augusta (later Lady Young) was the niece of the novelist Captain Frederick Marryat, and sister of Charles Marryat, Dean of Adelaide (1887–1906). Her mother was Caroline Short, whose brother, Augustus Short, was the first Anglican bishop of Adelaide.

The couple had four children, two boys and two girls.

The town of Port Augusta in South Australia is named after Augusta, as is the tiny suburb of Marryatville in Adelaide's eastern suburbs.

Augusta outlived her husband by 43 years, dying in Christchurch, Hampshire in 1913.

title: Henry Young


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Paul Black (musician)

Paul Mars Black (born Paul Marmorstein; March 17, 1959) is an American singer and drummer. He is most notable for his time as lead vocalist in L.A. Guns, with whom he wrote most of their self-titled debut album.

Early life and career
Born in San Francisco, California, Black's roots were in bluegrass. In the 1970s, his high school rock band was called Your Mother. He also played in several jazz cover bands. In 1978, he was a percussion major at San Jose State University.

Black moved to Los Angeles in May 1980, still using his given name, Paul Martin Marmorstein. His first L.A. band was Mad Captions who played CBGB in New York and The Hot Club in Philadelphia with The Dead Boys. In 1981, Paul joined The Mau-Mau's, a Los Angeles–based punk band which was fronted by Rick Wilder of The Berlin Brats. During Paul's time with The Mau-Mau's, he shortened his name to "Paul Mars." Paul played drums for a Mau-Mau's record produced by Robbie Krieger of The Doors which was never released. In 1984, Paul Mars Joined The Joneses and recorded the drums for Keeping Up With The Joneses.

L.A. Guns
Black began putting together a side project for his songs to be called "Faster Pussycat" with guitarist Mick Cripps. Black switched to lead vocals, Cripps switched to bass, and the two joined guitarist Tracii Guns and drummer Nickey "Beat" Alexander and later on guitarist Robert Stoddard to complete this line-up.

The name was switched to L.A. Guns because the owner of the name, Raz Cue, offered to back the band if this line-up would re-use L.A. Guns, a name which had been abandoned over a year prior by a former band of Guns's (Guns N' Roses). Black changed his name again to Paul Black. From 1985 to March 1987, Paul Black wrote and co-wrote a number of songs, which led L.A. Guns to a record deal with Polygram Records. However, Black left before the record was finished and before the deal was signed. Black was replaced by Phil Lewis.

After leaving L.A. Guns, Black formed Black Cherry, which quickly became one of the most popular and sought after bands in L.A. But, a lawsuit filed by Black against his former band L.A. Guns and Polygram Records kept Black Cherry from signing a deal. One of the founding members of Black Cherry was guitarist/vocalist Bartt Warburton, who is currently known as "Ukulele Bartt." Black retired in 1993 and seldom played shows. In 2000, Black wrote and recorded an album with Jo Almeida of Dogs D'Amour called Jo & Paul's Sonic Boom, Sun Down And Yellow Moon.

Two compilation albums featuring unreleased archive material of Black singing with L.A. Guns, Black City Breakdown (1985-1986) and Black List, as well as Sun Down And Yellow Moon from Jo & Paul's Sonic Boom, were released on his own label Black City Records.

From 2006 to 2008, he was the lead singer of Tracii Guns's L.A. Guns, a spinoff band that existed at the same time as Phil Lewis' L.A. Guns.

With Jo Dog & Paul Black's Sonic Boom

 * Sun Down And Yellow Moon (2000)
 * Everybody Rains on My Parade (2022)

With L.A. Guns

 * Black City Breakdown (1985–1986) (2000)
 * Black List (2005)

The Joneses

 * Keeping Up With... (1986)

title: Paul Black (musician)


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Category:King's College London

King's College London in London is the largest and second oldest college in the federal University of London, with 21,500 registered students. King's was so named to indicate the patronage of King George IV.

title: Category:King's College London


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Dimethylsulfoniopropionate

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S+CH2CH2COO−. This zwitterionic metabolite can be found in marine phytoplankton, seaweeds, and some species of terrestrial and aquatic vascular plants. It functions as an osmolyte as well as several other physiological and environmental roles have also been identified. DMSP was first identified in the marine red alga Polysiphonia fastigiata.

Biosynthesis
In higher plants, DMSP is biosynthesized from S-methylmethionine. Two intermediates in this conversion are dimethylsulfoniumpropylamine and dimethylsulfoniumpropionaldehyde. In algae, however, the biosynthesis starts with the replacement of the amino group in methionine by hydroxide.

Degradation
DMSP is broken down by marine microbes to form two major volatile sulfur products, each with distinct effects on the environment. One of its breakdown products is methanethiol (CH3SH), which is assimilated by bacteria into protein sulfur. Another volatile breakdown product is dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3; DMS). There is evidence that DMS in seawater can be produced by cleavage of dissolved (extracellular) DMSP  by the enzyme DMSP-lyase, although many non-marine species of bacteria convert methanethiol to DMS.

DMS is also taken up by marine bacteria, but not as rapidly as methanethiol. Although DMS usually consists of less than 25% of the volatile breakdown products of DMSP, the high reactivity of methanethiol makes the steady-state DMS concentrations in seawater approximately 10 times those of methanethiol (~3 nM vs. ~0.3 nM). Curiously, there have never been any published correlations between the concentrations of DMS and methanethiol. This is probably due to the non-linear abiotic and microbial uptake of methanethiol in seawater, and the comparatively low reactivity of DMS. However, a significant portion of DMS in seawater is oxidized to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

Relevant to global climate, DMS is thought to play a role in the Earth's heat budget by decreasing the amount of solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface. This occurs through degradation of DMS in the atmosphere into hygroscopic compounds that condense water vapor leading to the formation of clouds.

DMSP has also been implicated in influencing the taste and odour characteristics of various products. For example, although DMSP is odourless and tasteless, it is accumulated at high levels in some marine herbivores or filter feeders. Increased growth rates, vigour and stress resistance among animals cultivated on such diets have been reported. DMS, is responsible for repellent, 'off' tastes and odours that develop in some seafood products because of the action of bacterial DMSP-lyase, which cogenerates acrylate.

title: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate


text: User talk:61.68.60.179

title: User talk:61.68.60.179


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Stefano Bontade

Stefano Bontade (23 April 1939 – 23 April 1981), born Stefano Bontate, was a powerful member of the Sicilian Mafia. He was the boss of the Santa Maria di Gesù Family in Palermo. He was also known as the Principe di Villagrazia (Prince of Villagrazia) − the area of Palermo he controlled − and Il Falco (the Falcon). He had links with several powerful politicians in Sicily, and with prime minister Giulio Andreotti. In 1981 he was killed by the rival faction within Cosa Nostra, the Corleonesi. His death sparked a brutal Mafia War that left several hundred mafiosi dead.

Early life and Mafia career
Bontade was born Stefano Bontate on 23 April 1939 in Palermo, Sicily, into a family of Mafiosi. His father and grandfather were both powerful Mafia bosses in the area Villagrazia, Santa Maria di Gesù and Guadagna, which were rural districts before they were absorbed into the city of Palermo in the 1960s. Stefano's father, Francesco Paolo Bontade, was one of the most powerful mafiosi on the island and a pallbearer at the funeral of Mafia boss Calogero Vizzini – one of the most influential Mafia bosses of Sicily after World War II until his death in 1954.

Stefano Bontade and his brother Giovanni Bontade, who would become a lawyer, studied at a Jesuit college. In 1964, at the age of 25, Stefano Bontade became the boss of the Santa Maria di Gesù Mafia Family when his father, Don Paolino Bontade, stepped down because of ill-health (he suffered from diabetes). The Mafia went through difficult times at that moment. A bloody internal struggle (known as the First Mafia War) culminated in the Ciaculli Massacre in June 1963 that killed seven police and military officers sent to defuse a bomb in an abandoned Alfa Romeo Giulietta after an anonymous phone call. The Ciaculli Massacre changed the Mafia war into a war against the Mafia. It prompted the first concerted anti-mafia efforts by the state in post-war Italy. Within a period of ten weeks 1,200 mafiosi were arrested, many of whom would be kept out of circulation for five or six years. The Sicilian Mafia Commission was dissolved and those mafiosi who had escaped arrest went into exile abroad or had to hide out in Italy. In 1968, 114 went to trial, though only ten minor figures would be convicted of anything. Bontade nonetheless managed to remain a highly important figure within Cosa Nostra, and he was also one of those responsible for ordering the death of Michele Cavataio by sending two of his soldiers, Gaetano Grado and Emanuele D'Agostino, to kill him in the Viale Lazio massacre.

After the killing of Pietro Scaglione – Chief Prosecutor of Palermo – on 6 May 1971, the police rounded up the known Mafia bosses. Bontade was arrested in 1972 and he was sentenced to three years in the second Trial of the 114 in July 1974, but the sentence was annulled in appeal. Nevertheless, Bontade was sent in banishment to Qualiano (in the province of Naples). The policy of banishing mafiosi to other areas in Italy backfired, because they were able to establish contacts outside the island as well. Bontade, for instance, linked up with Giuseppe Sciorio of the Maisto-clan of the Camorra, who would be initiated in Cosa Nostra.

Cigarette smuggling and heroin trafficking
Bontade and other banished mafiosi managed to get into the market of international cigarette smuggling by imposing first their protection, and later their involvement, upon the smugglers in Naples (who were connected with the Camorra) and Palermo who had been running this activity since the 1950s. For instance, a thriving smuggler such as Nunzio La Mattina, was initiated into the Santa Maria di Gesù Family. It was only through cigarette smuggling and subsequently heroin trafficking that many mafiosi were able to survive the difficult period after the Ciaculli Massacre. But then they started to accumulate large amounts of money rapidly. According to pentito Antonio Calderone, Bontade used to say that fortunately Tommaso Spadaro did a little bit of cigarette smuggling and gave him part of the profits, "because they were starving to death." Spadaro was related to Bontade, being a godfather to one of his children.

Bontade was closely linked to the Spatola-Inzerillo-Gambino network. This network and other Sicilian suppliers dominated heroin trafficking since the mid-1970s until the mid-1980s when US and Italian law enforcement were able to significantly reduce the heroin supply of the Sicilian Mafia (the so-called Pizza Connection). The Bontade-Spatola-Inzerillo traffickers supplied the Gambino Family – through John Gambino – in New York with heroin that was refined in laboratories on the island from Turkish morphine base. According to Giovanni Falcone, the investigating magistrate, the group had made about US$600 million. The proceeds were re-invested in real estate. Rosario Spatola, who in his youth peddled watered milk in the streets of Palermo, became Palermo's largest building contractor and biggest taxpayer of Sicily.

Francesco Marino Mannoia, who belonged to the Santa Maria di Gesù Family and who was highly sought after by all Mafia families for his skills in chemistry, after becoming a pentito recalled having refined at least 1,000 kilograms of heroin for Bontade. Marino Mannoia, who had been close to Bontade, decided to cooperate with the Italian state in October 1989, after his brother was killed by the Corleonesi (and subsequently saw his mother, his sister and his aunt killed as well). According to Marino Mannoia, Sicilian-born banker Michele Sindona laundered the proceeds of heroin trafficking for the Bontade-Spatola-Inzerillo-Gambino network.

Mattei affair
In May 1994 Mafia turncoat Buscetta declared that Bontade had been involved in the murder of Enrico Mattei, the president of Italy's state-owned oil and gas conglomerate ENI. Mattei was killed in 1962 at the request of the American Cosa Nostra because his oil policies had damaged important American interests in the Middle East. The American Mafia in turn was possibly doing a favour to the large oil companies. Buscetta claimed that the killing was organized by Bontade, Salvatore Greco "Ciaschiteddu", and Giuseppe Di Cristina on the request of Angelo Bruno, a Sicilian born Mafia boss from Philadelphia. Buscetta also claimed that the journalist Mauro De Mauro was killed in September 1970 on the orders of Bontade because of his investigations into the death of Mattei. Buscetta said that Bontade organized the kidnap, because De Mauro's investigations into the death of Mattei came very close to the Mafia, and Bontade's own role in the affair. Other pentiti said that De Mauro was kidnapped by Emanuele D'Agostino, a mafioso from Bontade's Santa Maria di Gesù Family. De Mauro's body has never been found. Marino Mannoia testified that he had been ordered by Bontade in 1977 or 1978 to dig up several bodies, including De Mauro's, and dissolve them in acid.

Sindona's bogus kidnapping
Michele Sindona was in charge of one of the biggest banks in the United States, the Franklin National Bank, controlled the Vatican foreign investments, and was a major sponsor of the Christian Democracy party (DC – Democrazia Cristiana), according to a 1982 parliamentary inquiry. The inquiry also pointed out Sindona's relationship with Giulio Andreotti – who served as the prime minister of Italy seven times – and who once defined Sindona as the "rescuer of the lira". After Sindona's banks went bankrupt in 1974, Sindona fled to the US. In July 1979, Sindona ordered the murder of Giorgio Ambrosoli, a lawyer appointed to liquidate his failed Banca Privata Italiana. At the same time the Mafia killed police superintendent Boris Giuliano, who was investigating the Mafia's heroin trafficking and had contacted Ambrosoli two weeks before to compare investigations.

While under indictment in the US, Sindona staged a bogus kidnapping in August 1979 to conceal a mysterious 11-week trip to Sicily before his scheduled fraud trial. Bontade's brother in law Giacomo Vitale (a freemason, like Bontade) was one of those who organised Sindona's travel. The real purpose of the kidnapping was to issue lightly disguised blackmail notes to Sindona's past political allies – among them Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti – to engineer the rescue of his banks and recover Cosa Nostra's money. The plot failed and after his "release" Sindona surrendered to the FBI. The Sindona-affair showed the close links between the Mafia and certain important businessmen, freemasons and politicians. In the aftermath of the investigations it appeared that many of them were connected through the secret P2 lodge (Propaganda Due) of Licio Gelli.

Political connections
Stefano Bontade had links with the Christian Democracy politician Salvo Lima and Antonio Salvo and Ignazio Salvo, two wealthy mafia-cousins from Salemi who acted as the tax collectors on the island (tax collection was contracted out by the government). Through them Bontade had access to Giulio Andreotti. Italy's highest court, the Court of Cassation, ruled in October 2004 that Andreotti had "friendly and even direct ties" with top men in the so-called moderate wing of Cosa Nostra, Stefano Bontade and Gaetano Badalamenti, favoured by the connection between them and Lima. According to pentito Francesco Marino Mannoia, Andreotti contacted Bontade to try to prevent the Mafia from killing DC-politician Piersanti Mattarella. Mattarella became the President of the autonomous Sicilian Region in 1978 and wanted to clean up the government's public contracts racket that benefitted Cosa Nostra. Bontade and other mafiosi felt betrayed by Mattarella (his father Bernardo Mattarella was rumored to be associated with the Mafia, but all accusations against him were not proven before any court of law).

Andreotti's attempt failed. After the murder of Mattarella on 6 January 1980, Andreotti again contacted Bontade to try to straighten things out. However, according to Marino Mannoia, Bontade told Andreotti that "we are in charge in Sicily, and unless you want the whole DC canceled out, you do as we say." In the mid-1970s, Stefano Bontade was also in touch with Silvio Berlusconi (Berlusconi was prime minister from 1994–1995, 2001–2006, and from 2008 to 2011). At the time, Berlusconi was still just a wealthy real estate developer and started his private television empire. Bontade visited Berlusconi's villa in Arcore on the outskirts of Milan, according to Antonino Giuffrè, a mafioso who was a key aide to Mafia kingpin Bernardo Provenzano but turned state witness after his arrest in April 2002. Bontade's contact at Arcore was the late Vittorio Mangano, a convicted mafioso who used to be a stable manager there. Giuffrè said: "When Vittorio Mangano got the job in the Arcore villa, Stefano Bontade and some of his close aides used to meet Berlusconi using visits to Mangano as an excuse." Berlusconi's lawyer dismissed Giuffrè's testimony as "false" and an attempt to discredit Berlusconi and his party.

Sicilian Mafia Commission
In 1970, the Sicilian Mafia Commission was revived. It consisted of ten members but would initially be ruled by a triumvirate consisting of Gaetano Badalamenti, Stefano Bontade and the Corleonesi boss Luciano Leggio, although it was Salvatore Riina who actually would represent the Corleonesi. At the time Bontade was emerging as one of the Sicilian Mafia's acknowledged leaders. Young, rich, personable, intelligent and judicious, as well as the son of a renowned Mafia boss, it all made Bontade an undisputed candidate to sit on the Sicilian Mafia Commission. In 1975, the full Commission was reconstituted under the leadership of Badalamenti. The Mafia Commission was meant to settle disputes and keep the peace, but Leggio and his stand-in and successor, Salvatore Riina, were plotting to decimate the Palermo clans, including Bontade and Bontade's ally, Salvatore Inzerillo. At the close of 1978, the leadership of the Sicilian Mafia changed. Gaetano Badalamenti, was expelled from the Commission and Michele Greco replaced him. This marked the end of a period of relative peace and signified a major change in the Mafia itself. Greco was actually allied with Salvatore Riina, and he subsequently used his position to lure many more of Bontade's friends to their deaths in the subsequent Mafia War. Historically, the Greco clan from Croceverde Giardini had been at odds with the Greco clan of Ciaculli led by Salvatore "Ciaschiteddu" Greco, of whom Bontade was an ally.

Second Mafia War
The Second Mafia War raged from 1981 to 1984. In fact, two wars were being waged simultaneously by the Corleonesi clan. Riina had secretly formed an alliance of mafiosi in different families, cutting across clan divisions, in defiance of the rules concerning loyalty in Cosa Nostra. This secretive inter-family group became known as the Corleonesi. They slaughtered the ruling families of the Palermo Mafia to take control of the organisation, while waging a parallel war against Italian authorities and law enforcement to intimidate and prevent effective investigations and prosecutions.

The Corleonesi initiated the war against the coalition led by Bontade and Badalamenti to try to control heroin trafficking. They began by first eliminating Bontade's allies outside Palermo, including Giuseppe Di Cristina and Giuseppe Calderone, the bosses of Riesi and Catania, in an effort to isolate the Palermitan bosses. Despite the larger economic means and the wider international network, the Bontade-Spatola-Inzerillo-Badalamenti network was unable to withstand the overmuch violence of the Corleonesi. The most important members of the Inzerillo, Spatola and Gambino clans were arrested in March 1980 for heroin trafficking, which undermined Bontade's position significantly. In 1981, in an attempt to control the situation, Bontade plotted Totò Riina's killing but the latter learned all through Michele Greco, a Bontade's former ally.

Assassination
On the evening of April 23, 1981, while driving home from his 42nd birthday party in Palermo, Bontate was killed; this happened at a red light in via Aloi while sitting in his Alfa romeo giulietta 2000. At 11:30 pm, he was reached by a motorcycle driven by Giuseppe Lucchese with behind him Giuseppe Greco also known as Scarpuzzedda ("little shoe") who shot him to death with an AK-47, leaving him unrecognizable. Three weeks later Bontade's close ally Salvatore Inzerillo was shot to death outside his mistress house by a group of hitmen armed with the same rifle.

Many of Bontade and Inzerillo's friends, fellow mafiosi and relatives were cut down in the following months to prevent them from avenging the death of their bosses. One of Bontade's close friends was Tommaso Buscetta, who subsequently became a pentito (collaborating witness) after he was arrested in Brazil in October 1983. Salvatore Contorno, one of Bontade's trusted aides, followed Buscetta's example. They were the key witnesses that enabled prosecuting magistrates Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino and the Antimafia pool to successfully prosecute the Mafia in the Maxi Trial in the mid-1980s.

title: Stefano Bontade


text: Category:Irish film directors

title: Category:Irish film directors


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alexander Springs

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE except redirecting Clearwater Lake. Golbez 08:37, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

Alexander Springs and others
Alexander Springs, Big Scrub, Big Bass Lake, Clearwater Lake, Doe Lake, and Buck Lake are all campsites in a US National Forest. They are also single line stubs of the sort that used to be called substubs. The info has already been merged from all these articles as one section on the page on the forest. These should either be deleted or redirect to the Ocala National Forest article. Grutness...  wha?  10:32, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC) note: Another one just added (Lake Delancy). Grutness...  wha?  14:15, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non notable Fornadan (t) 11:25, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Probably easiest, GFDL-wise, to redirect. Meelar (talk) 13:48, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect Clearwater Lake, Delete the rest. Information on campgrounds belongs with the article on Ocala National Forest.  In addition to the campsite, Clearwater Lake is a geographical feature large enough to show up on my maps of Florida and thus my reluctance to delete it out of hand. --Allen3 talk 13:58, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Most of these names are common for lakes in national forests, state forests, state parks, and so forth. If we put in a bunch of redirects, we'll soon need disambiguation pages by the dozen.  Delete the substubs, weak redirect Clearwater Lake (perhaps with "(Florida)") per Allen3, but note that under that reasoning, all one needs is a more detailed map to justify hundreds of campground entries per state.  Comment:  I'm a hiker and would like having thousands of campgrounds and trails in WP, but the verifiability and maintainability and disambiguation issues would be substantial.  Better to have them appear only in articles about each park or forest.  Barno 14:25, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I agree with Barno's reasoning on campground content. We should avoid redirects for campground names because they are so common Tobycat 05:18, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge or keep and disambiguate. --SPUI (talk) 05:50, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge or Keep and disambiguate. Redirects are cheap. Kappa 21:35, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: User:Weyes/talkpageheader

title: User:Weyes/talkpageheader


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User:Jakob Suckale

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title: User:Jakob Suckale


text: User talk:81.56.223.85

title: User talk:81.56.223.85


text:
Wigilia

Wigilia is the traditional Christmas Eve vigil supper in Poland, held on December 24. The term is often applied to the whole of Christmas Eve, extending further to Pasterka—midnight Mass, held in Roman Catholic churches all over Poland and in Polish communities worldwide at or before midnight. The custom is sometimes referred to as "wieczerza" or "wieczerza wigilijna", in Old Polish meaning evening repast, linked to the late church service, Vespers from the Latin.

The word Wigilia derives from the Latin vigil. The associated feasting follows a day of abstinence and traditionally begins once the First Star has been sighted. Christmas is also sometimes called "Gwiazdka", "little star".

Traditions and customs
Children usually decorate the Christmas tree. Sometimes a handful of hay is placed under the tablecloth of the dining table to symbolise Jesus's birth in a manger. One old tradition states that when children playfully remove a piece of straw from under the tablecloth, its colour has meaning: Green indicates wealth or possibly a marriage, while black foretells bad luck for the year.

Another tradition is to make an extra place-setting for the "unexpected guest", to celebrate hospitality. The feast begins with saying grace, breaking the opłatek Christmas wafer to symbolize the gift of daily bread, and wishing each other blessings for the coming year. In the country, it was customary to share a special (pink) wafer with livestock and dogs and cats as the animals of the household were to be treated with special reverence on that day, in honour of the animals in the Bethlehem stable. There was a belief that at midnight they were granted the power of human speech.

The Wigilia supper
A Christmas Eve dinner excludes meat, as abstinence is required, and should comprise twelve distinct dishes in memory of the twelve Apostles. It begins with a soup, either borscht with uszka (tortellini), or wild mushroom consommé (grzybowa), followed by herring in different forms. Fish provides the main dish of the Christmas Eve feast across Poland. There are variations of carp fillet, carp in aspic, gefilte fish (Jewish-style carp), sweet with onions, carrots, almonds and raisins or fish in the Greek Style. Accompaniments consist of cabbage, cooked red or sauerkraut with apple salad. The bread served at the meal is often challah, doubtless borrowed from Poland's centuries-long Jewish fellow countrymen. Polish kutia wigilijna, consisting of barley, poppy seeds, honey, and sweetmeats (łakocie) like figs, raisins, and nuts. Then there is an array of desserts, including dried fruit compote, followed by cake: poppy seed cakes, babka, makowiec, and other sweets including edible Christmas ornaments. Regional variants include żurek sour rye soup, siemieniotka (in Silesia), pierogi filled with cheese and potatoes as well mushrooms and cabbage, stuffed cabbage with mushrooms and rice, gołąbki (cabbage rolls), łazanki, kluski with poppyseed, and makówki (in Silesia). There is in places a belief that whatever happens on Wigilia affects the incoming year; if a quarrel should arise, it foretells a quarrelsome and troublesome year.

The Shepherd's mass
Some families as well as individual worshippers attend the traditional midnight mass/Shepherd's Mass (pasterka), where Christmas carols are also sung.

A major part of the Wigilia festivities is the opening of gifts. After everyone has finished supper the children often open their gifts and hand out the gifts for the adults from under the tree. The gift-givers in Polish tradition are "Święty Mikołaj" (Saint Nicolas), "Aniołek", an angel, "Gwiazdka", a star, "Dzieciątko" (Christkind) in Silesia, Saint Nicholas' feminine counterpart – or the Gwiazdor (masculine), which is either a pagan tradition or represents the little Star of Bethlehem. Saint Nicholas traditionally used to bring gifts on December 6. This varies and in some families Saint Nicholas brings presents both on the 6th and at Christmas.

The Christmas breakfast
Christmas Day is a national holiday in Poland and most Poles spend the day with their family. After Wigilia there are two more days of celebrations. Christmas breakfast often consists of scrambled eggs, cold cuts served with horseradish sauce, smoked or fried salmon, marinated salads, and cakes, especially, pierniki Toruńskie (a gingerbread), cake, and decorated biscuits.

title: Wigilia


text:
User talk:Donwarnersaklad

Older Discussion
remind me of the criticism of Dr. Lister when he suggested that doctors should wash their hands before seeing patients. After Dr. Lister presented his idea he lost most of his friends, he had no credibility in the medical community. Many people who knew Dr. Lister at that time thought he was completely crazy, insane, nuts. For a generation doctors thought Dr. Lister had nothing to contribute to the practice of medicine. People in Dr. Lister's time believed that he was incapable of making any rational contributions to the practice of medicine. People thought that Lister's big idea was nonsense and they attacked him constantly for it. For a generation doctors had no sympathy for Dr. Lister and his cause. Hopefully, before Dr. Lister's critics died they looked in the mirror and saw what idiots they had been. Dr. Lister's critics eventually all died. His cause was accepted, taken up, followed by the next, the following generations of doctors and today we can be very happy for that. But you know, while I remember Dr. Lister's name, I'll be DARNED if a single one of his critics comes to mind. By the way, do you remember the names of even one of his critics?, surely somebody must remember some of them because they were SO numerous and SO vociferous for SO long. Help me out here man, i'm hurtin!

Boy some people got a lot of time on their hands, don't they?

They're quite a bit behind the times. Somebody needs to be reinformed how badly they're informed. They're attempting to imply something else that he's a stalker looking for assistants. The don saklad obsessives repeatedly post information about him. Triangular is a small cotton ball manufactured in a johnson and johnson factory sometime in may 2005. Nobody knows too much about them except that they are obviously a light weight. Some other don saklad obsessives are the vague sound of a wind chime down the block. A goat shaped lump of rock in northern nevada. Plus many others too numerous to name. I think that so and so argues that the boil on his ass is inhabited by extraterrestrials. It's far more interesting to find out who the don saklad obsessives are and why they can't control their writing about him. We need to find out if they need to be institutionalized or something. We already know this about don saklad, come on! don saklad 's getting all the help he needs. His therapy consists of all the stuff he's posting on the web.

But what therapy do the don saklad obsessives need. Maybe to post more stuff on the web. Great minds don't want to know any more

Hi. Your stream of consciousness writing reminds me a lot of a friend of mine who does the same thing. Check out User:Popeccola to see what I mean. However, the "Don saklad obsessives" entry really belongs on your user page and not the main article space. Thanks and have fun! - Lucky 6.9 05:52, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Hi Donwarnersaklad, sorry to see your article got deleted. Please remember to sign your posts on talk pages. Here's the standard {{welcome}} which says how.

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Kappa 10:35, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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Mucho thanks Kappa! -- dsaklad@zurich.csail.mit.edu 07:40, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Are you Don Saklad from ark?
Hi, I just saw that name and thought I had to ask. Are you the same Don Saklad who used to post on alt.religion.kibology? I posted there a few times myself. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 18:33, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * That's me! Donwarnersaklad 18:45, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

email [mailto:dsaklad@zurich.csail.mit.edu dsaklad@zurich.csail.mit.edu]

 * Welcome to Wikipedia. It's always nice to see a familiar name.  I used to post on ark as Sherilyn. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 07:45, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Please do not recreate deleted content
Please do not recreate deleted content and do not attempt to avoid deletions by creating them under other names or as templates. Template:Not before we know-stub was deleted because you were attempting to recreate deleted content despite an ongoing undelete vote. Please await the outcome of that vote. - Tεx  τ  urε  15:25, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Kantar
Actually the Kantar article was quite funny. Here's what it said:

Little is known about the glorious man known only to mortals as Kantar. He was last spotted on Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, at approximately 11:20 p.m. on April 7, 2005. His real name, age, and place of residence are unknown to all, aspects that only add to Kantar's mystique.

The following are known facts about Kantar:

 * He drives a BMW M3 convertible, black in color. He will pass you, weave mercilessly through traffic, jump buses, etc. at his discretion. You will know it is him because of his self-describing vanity plate.

 * His official theme song is "Showdown" by ELO.

 * He has a tattoo across his back that reads "Easter Sunday." He is not a Christian.

 * Referring to the philosopher Kant will greatly irritate Kantar. Kantar does not like philosophy.

 * Kantar once tied together 30,000 live snakes to create a rope bridge across the Grand Canyon; he then drove across in his M3 convertible. The bridge remains there to this day, although the snakes are now dead.

 * He sued the creators of the televsion show Knight Rider over likeness rights. They settled out of court.

All other details regarding Kantar remain a mystery to man. However, 2005 has brought a 28% increase in Kantar sightings (over 2004 figures), meaning that the AKRS (American Kantar Research Society) has been gathering information on Kantar at a staggering rate.

Weird stuff! Sound like anybody you know? :) --Tony Sidaway|Talk 17:38, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This is what the history looks like. Hope this is what you want. Times are in UTC timezone.

 * 07:17, 11 Apr 2005 . . Feco (flag vfd)
 * 07:11, 11 Apr 2005 . . 155.33.79.208
 * 07:07, 11 Apr 2005 . . 155.33.79.208
 * 07:06, 11 Apr 2005 . . Feco (flag speedy)
 * 07:02, 11 Apr 2005 . . JukeBoxHero04
 * 06:59, 11 Apr 2005 . . JukeBoxHero04 (Kantar)
 * 06:58, 11 Apr 2005 . . JukeBoxHero04

--Tony Sidaway|Talk 07:59, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * On re-reading your request, I think I should confirm that the text as I pasted it was the whole of the article as posted. There were no links, it was almost completely unwikified. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 11:12, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hi. Your stream of consciousness writing reminds me a lot of a friend of mine who does the same thing. Check out User:Popeccola to see what I mean. However, the "Don saklad obsessives" entry really belongs on your user page and not the main article space. Thanks and have fun! - Lucky 6.9 05:52, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

html
Hi. Please don't add html tags to article text. They are very seldom (almost never) needed nor appropriate with the Wiki markup system we use; see the Manual of Style for tips. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 04:09, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Please explain!...

 * See Help:Editing Ashi b aka tock 21:41, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Wiki markup
Don: we'd like you to feel welcome here on Wikipedia, and the concept of a Wiki revolves around having a lot of people creating articles and improving the ones we already have.

However, a lot of your edits (I'm thinking of Votes for deletion/Don Saklad, primarily, but there are others) are definitely not appropriate Wiki markup, or, if proper markup, aren't appropriate style (comments not signed, etc.)

Please review the tutorial, and do some test edits in the sandbox. Other important references are the manual of style, and wikiquette.

Again, welcome to our community. We try not to bite, and, with a bit of your help, we hope that you can make some significant contributions.

-- Kaszeta 13:09, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

a. If you would, please include remarks about exactly how to do something... please give an example or examples about exactly how to do what needs to be done.

 * First of all, read over Wikipedia markup and use that instead of html. Some html works here, but often there is a better way to do it with Wiki markup.

 * The big one I see with your edits is that you are inserting text that is just indented with spaces, which has a particular meaning in Wiki markup (it means it'll be added verbatim, with a dashed box around it). The proper technique to do what you are trying to do (respond to someone else's comments) is to prefix the whole paragraph with a colon (if you edit this page and look at what I'm writing here, you'll see I do just that.

 * Remember to sign your entries. This is a simple as adding -- ~ to the end of your entry.

 * Hope this helps, and again, welcome to Wikipedia -- Kaszeta 17:07, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

b. What does it mean on the project page when the colon, the asterisk, the two words appear?... :*First edit.

 * This is Wikipedia markup. In short, a colon on the beginning of a line is markup for an indent, and the asterisk is markup for making a bulleted list.

 * You're seeing this on because it's traditional when doing a vote for deletion to not count the votes of new or anonymous users (since that can encourage vote fraud), and other users are just pointing out that the particular entries. -- Kaszeta 17:07, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Category
...is what I meant by "cat." What I did was remove from your user page a link to Category:Pages on votes for deletion. You had a copy of the votes for deletion template on the page, which includes the category, and thus put the page in the catefory reserved for only pages that are being considered for deletion. It did not belong. The only thing you lost was the little category link at the bottom, and since I didn't think you really wanted that anyway, I was pretty sure you wouldn't mind. Normally editing someone's user page can be seen as a strong transgression (though I don't really mind), but in this case with such a trivial matter I went ahead and did it. Contact me if you have any more questions/concerns. Thanks for your understanding. :) --Dmcdevit·t 00:10, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

Human Rights Servey on Wikipedia (The final post of I_sterbinski)

 * Dear all,

 * Wikipedia was recently a subject of intensive research of an huge international human right organization. A team of people from different nationalities and ages were acting on Wikipedia for 20 days, investigating previously noted anomalities of Wikipedia free editing and forming a final report, which (between the others similar reports) will later be a guide to all future moves of the organization concerning Wikipedia. Acting under an account of a real person, their privacy is to be held private. Therefore, very few private information will be revealed.
 * Also, this is a result of the lack of final possition of the organization concerning Wikipedia and human rights, which was still not formed.

 * The team's final post on Wikipedia, where they explain their actions can be found on the following addresses:
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:I_sterbinski
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Macedonia#Human_Rights_Servey_on_Wikipedia_.28The_final_post_of_I_sterbinski.29

 * The team would like to thank to all the persons who took part in the correspondence with us.
 * We also want to appologise for keeping our identity secret for a longer period.

 * Best regards,
 * Aleksandar, Biljana, Asparuh, Christos, Valjon, Michael and Ana Luiza
 * I sterbinski 01:27, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Requests for arbitration/Template/Workshop
You, or any Wikipedia user, can contribute your suggestions and comments to the /Workshop page of any active arbitration case. Comments on evidence or proposals can help in understanding the import of evidence and in refining proposals. Proposed principles, findings of fact, or remedies may be listed on /Proposed decision and form part of the final decision. Fred Bauder 18:45, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

AMA
Hello, you are receiving this message because your name is on the list of members of the Association of Members' Advocates. There is a poll being held at Wikipedia talk:Association of Members' Advocates for approval of a proposal for the revitalisation of the association. You are eligible to vote and your vote and input are welcome. Izehar 22:18, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

AMA Coordinator Election
Dear AMA Member,

You are entitled to vote in the AMA Coordinator election, set to begin at midnight on 3 February 2006. Please see the pages on the election and its candidates and the procedure and policy and cast a vote by e-mail!

Wally 11:06, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Lonesome guest
Hi there; a comment relating to Joseph Goebbels has appeared on my talk page with, it would appear, your name affixed as author. The comment is a short piece relating to the Herr Doktor's aspirations as an author, and is in fact a nrar qwuote from the article about him, to which I contributed. Is this a Wiki glitch, or were you in reality asking a question? If so, what was it?--Anthony.bradbury 08:59, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

An Automated Message from HagermanBot
Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You may also click on the signature button located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your name and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you! HagermanBot 14:23, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

your recent edits
Please do not add nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. JoeSmack Talk 16:09, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Please stop adding inappropriate external links to Wikipedia. It is considered spamming and Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or promotion. Since Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, additions of links to Wikipedia will not alter search engine rankings. If you continue spamming, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. JoeSmack Talk 19:39, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

--dsaklad@zurich.csail.mit.edu 19:56, 19 February 2007 (UTC) What would persuade you that the discussion link is for talk about the topic!?

 * It's not, this is an encylopedia, not a forum for discussion of your thought experiment. Do not re add your post please. JoeSmack Talk 20:02, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Please allow readers to contribute.

> JoeSmack > Please do not add nonsense to Wikipedia

Why do you believe this to be nonsense?...

 * The discussion tab is specifically for talking about the content of the article, not to discuss a link to a livejournal site. JoeSmack Talk 21:13, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

> JoeSmack > It is considered vandalism

Why do you believe an idea about sexually transmitted infections is vandalism to an article about sexually transmitted infections?

 * It looked to me as if you were putting the link on the talk page in order to encourage people to discuss the issue and to go the the website. While the idea is very interesting, that's not what the talk page of the AIDS article is for.  The talk page is only for discussion about how to edit the AIDS article.  The website is probably not appropriate to put into the AIDS article either, because the AIDS article is only for presenting facts from reliable sources, not for discussing ideas.  Discussing ideas is good;  it's just that Wikipedia is not the place for discussing ideas.  There are other places on the Internet for discussing ideas.  For example, a Usenet newsgroup about AIDS would probably be a good place. --Coppertwig 13:26, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

--dsaklad@zurich.csail.mit.edu 20 February 2007. Well, preventing acquired immune deficiency syndrome should include it !

Association of Members' Advocates/Requests/February 2007/Donwarnersaklad
What's the story? SilkTork 21:43, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

What can be done to make it easier to use the wikipedia? It's disheartening to encounter so many false accusations, ad hominem attacks, presumptive users. Apparently the ideal that people are acting good faith isn't being observed. It's difficult finding an adequate venue to submit concerns, feedback, suggestions. The usual venues don't work well. Better features are needed for submitting feedback, suggestions, resolving concerns that are more readily available than having to naviagate around to locate where a concern can be expressed adequately. For example, it's puzzling whether to take a complaint up with another user on your own talk link or their talk link. The usability of the wikipedia needs to be improved.

Hi again. I'm getting an idea now of what is happening. Yes, I agree with you that Wiki can be a bit of a maze. It's all too easy to make mistakes. And sometimes other users are impatient and snappy. However, I'm here to help you. I will give you whatever guidance I can to help you make valuable contributions, and try to steer you away from trouble! You seem keen to share information on talk pages. Would you also want to contribute to the articles? SilkTork 16:50, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Hi Don. I am closing this case due to lack of response. However, you are free to contact me on my talk page at any time. Warm regards SilkTork 17:27, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

by Seth Finkelstein
by Seth Finkelstein. Scandal Kabuki, Compassion vs. Cover-up in the Wikipedia Deception. http://sethf.com/infothought/blog/archives/cat_wikipedia.html

> Talk pages
> Talk pages are for discussing improvements to the article itself. They are not a forum for general discussion about the article's subject. --Onorem♠Dil 13:06, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

References         http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Onorem          Notes          ♠spade mark

Speedy deletion of Stefan Barton
A tag has been placed on Stefan Barton, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia per CSD g2.

Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not meet basic Wikipedia criteria may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as an appropriate article, and if you can indicate why the subject of this article is appropriate, you may contest the tagging. To do this, add  on the top of the article and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion. To do this, add  on the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag) and leave a note on the page's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. Phgao 19:12, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

> 19:20, 2 October 2007 Number 57 (Talk | contribs) deleted "Stefan Barton"  (CSD A3: No content) An example of overreactive kneejerk authoritarians using the template in a manner that hinders usability.

Overreactive kneejerk authoritarians
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoritarianism

Speedy deletion of Boston Finance Commission
A tag has been placed on Boston Finance Commission, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia per CSD A1.

Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not meet basic Wikipedia criteria may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as an appropriate article, and if you can indicate why the subject of this article is appropriate, you may contest the tagging. To do this, add  on the top of the article and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion. To do this, add  on the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag) and leave a note on the page's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself.  Agüeybaná  17:04, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Revision history of Boston Finance Commission.
(cur) (last) 17:04, 14 October 2007 Agüeybaná (Talk | contribs) m (258 bytes) (Requesting speedy deletion (CSD A1). using TW) (undo)

db-nocontext

This page may meet Wikipedia’s criteria for speedy deletion. The reason given is: It is a very short article providing little or no context (CSD A1). Speedy concern: It is a very short article providing little or no context (CSD A1).

Attention: User talk pages are generally not speedy-deletable per this guideline. As such, a rationale parameter must be used on User talk pages explaining the justification for the deletion use the code: db-userreq|rationale=rationale.

If this page does not meet the criteria for speedy deletion, or you intend to fix it, please remove this notice, but do not remove this notice from pages that you have created yourself. If you created this page and you disagree with its proposed speedy deletion, please add:

hangon

directly below this tag, and then explain why you believe this user talk page should not be deleted on this talk page. This will alert administrators to permit you the time to write your explanation.

Administrators: check links, history (last), and logs before deletion.

Please consider placing

A tag has been placed on User talk:Donwarnersaklad, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. If you plan to expand the article, you can request that administrators wait a while for you to add contextual material. To do this, affix the template   to the article and state your intention on the article's talk page. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. dsaklad at zurich.csail.mit.edu 21:03, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

OR

A tag has been placed on User talk:Donwarnersaklad, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. If you plan to expand the article, you can request that administrators wait a while for you to add contextual material. To do this, affix the template   to the article and state your intention on the article's talk page. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. dsaklad at zurich.csail.mit.edu 21:03, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

on the User Talk page of the author.

The Boston Finance Commission is an agency that monitors the city's finances. The watchdog agency's Reports are available to the public at Boston Finance Commission 152 North Street Boston Massachusetts 02109 USA tel 617 635-2202 email jeff.conley at cityofboston.gov

Public meetings of the FinComm are open to observers interested in municipal government.

Authorizing Statutes
Finance Commission Massachusetts Acts of 1908 c562 Massachusetts Acts of 1909 c486 s17 Massachusetts Acts of 1964 c740 s3 pages 22-23 at http://cityofboston.gov/citycouncil/pdfs/2007_City_Charter.pdf

Please use email for non-Wikipedia information
Please use my talk page for wikipedia matters ONLY.  Thank You!  Please use email for non-Wikipedia information.  Thank You!  Lentower 23:46, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

my arrogant cruel behaviors
dismissive too often with the people i know, i have been arrogant and cruel rather than as helpful as i would want to be toward other people, impatient and intolerant toward people who have not understood my explanations or advice. others' failings become excuses for my behaviors. on one hand i subscribe to a philosophy of doing good deeds. on the other hand i have acted otherwise. then there has been my ingratitude toward people who have been kind to me.

Demoulas/Market Basket Contact Information
Hi! You recently posted a question on Talk:DeMoulas/Market Basket asking if there was any way to contact Demoulas staff through e-mail. Although at the time I assumed there was no information on any e-mail addresses they might have had, I recently found one you might want to use. rsbean (at) demoulasmarketbasket (dot) com (name scrambled to prevent spam). This is Bob Bean, who is the administrator for www.demoulasmarketbasket.com, a website owned by the Demoulas Corporation. I don't know if he checks it or you can get some information back from him, but I thought it was worth mentioning, as you wanted to contact them. Have a nice day! Pmo22 (talk) 14:10, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

re Talk:Bifid rib
Someone put a Wikiproject tag on there (for Wikiproject Genetics), then removed it. There was no other content. --Golbez (talk) 18:48, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Editing
I found this blog that has a lot of information about Donwarnersaklad, I am kind of new to editing, would this be a worthwile source to quote:

como conquistar a una mujer

If so let me know and I will go ahead and do the work — — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.50.115.1 (talk) 17:32, 4 March 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Donwarnersaklad


text:
Ernak

Ernak was the last known ruler of the Huns, and the third son of Attila. After Attila's death in 453 AD, his Empire crumbled and its remains were ruled by his three sons, Ellac, Dengizich and Ernak. He succeeded his older brother Ellac in 454 AD, and probably ruled simultaneously over Huns in dual kingship with his brother Dengizich, but in separate divisions in separate lands.

Priscus, during his stay at Attila's court in 448 or 449 AD, recorded a personal occasion between Attila and Ernak. At a banquet Attila looked on him with serene eyes, while taking small account of his other sons. He was Attila's favorite son, because as a certain Hun explained to him, the Hunnic prophets prophesied his genos would fail, but would be restored by this son.

Ernak has often been identified with Irnik from the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans, who is noted as a descendant of the Dulo clan and leader of the Bulgars for 150 years, starting approximately from 437 AD.

Etymology
The name is recorded in two, possibly three variants, Ήρνάχ (Ernakh) by Priscus, and Hernac by Jordanes in Getica, and possibly Ирникъ (Irnik) in Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans. Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen discounted this last connection, arguing that the name is just as similar to the Armenian Arnak, a figure living at the same time as Ernak, as it is to Irnik. Nicholas Poppe argued that the name originally had h- in initial position (er < här, her).

Omeljan Pritsak derived the name from Turkic erän, irregular plural of ēr, meaning "man, real man, hero". He argued that the ending -nik was a diminutive suffix, -näk or -nik, found only in the Altai dialects, sometime also used as an augmentation. The name, reconstructed by Pritsak as Hērnäk, could thus mean both "hero" and "little [lucky] man".

Maenchen-Helfen, while aware of Pritsak's theory, considered the name to be of unknown origin.

History
The oldest brother Ellac died in 454 AD, at the Battle of Nedao. Jordanes recorded 'When Ellac was slain, his remaining brothers were put to fight near the shore of the Sea of Pontus where we have said the Goths settled ... dwelling again in their ancient abodes". Jordanes recounts c. 454-455:

"[After the Ostrogoths led by their king Valamir, and his brothers Theodemir and Vidimir received Pannonia] Now it happened that the sons of Attila, regarding the Goths as deserters from their rule, came against them as though they were seeking fugitive slaves and attacked Valamir alone, when his brothers knew nothing of it. He sustained their attack, though he had but few with him, and after harassing them a long time, so utterly overwhelmed them that scarcely a portion of the enemy remained. The remnant turned in flight and sought the parts of Scythia which border on the stream of the river Danaber, which the Huns call in their own tongue Var. Whereupon he sent a messenger of good tidings to his brother Theodemir ... on the very day the messenger arrived ... Theoderic was born [in 454]".

"Hernac, the younger son of Attila, with his followers, chose a home in the most distant part of Scythia Minor. Emnetzur and Ultzindur kinsmen of his, seized by force Oescus and Vtus and Almus in Dacia on the bank of the Danube, and many of the Huns, then swarming everywhere, betook themselves into Romania; descendants of them are to this day called Sacromontisi and Fossatisii".

The toponyms Vtus (at the mouth of river Utus, today Vit), Oescus, near present Gigen at the mouth of river Iskar, and Almus, the present Lom, were situated in Dacia Ripensis. The Sacromontisi may have received their name from the holy mountain in Thrace, while the Fossatisii (fossatum, military camp) linguistically points to Moesia. Jordanes makes distinction between the Huns who seized land, and Alanic and Germanic tribes who received it.

In early 458, Western Roman Emperor Majorian gathered a vast army formed by barbarian tribes, including Chunus, for the campaign against the Vandals. Sidonius Apollinaris recounts that "around thee thronged thousands under diverse standards. Only one race denied thee obedience, a race who had lately, in a mood even more savage than their wont, withdrawn their untamed host from the Danube because they had lost their lords in warfare, and Tuldila stirred in that unruly multitude a mad lust for fight which they must needs pay dear". This account refers to the loss of Ellac and other chieftains, the Battle of Nedao was fought only few years before, and they withdrawn from the Danube, now occupied by former Germanic subjects. Those Huns were situated in Moesia Superior and Dacia Ripensis.

Priscus recorded that in 465-466, Dengizich and Ernak sent diplomats to Constantinople. They wanted a peace treaty, and a market place on Danube "according to the ancient customs" between Romans and Huns, but were rejected. While Dengizich died in 469, it is considered that Ernak managed to maintain peaceful relations with the Romans living in the Dobruja region. It seems he was content, compared to Dengizich, with the limited land he was given. The fate of Ernak is unclear.

Legacy
Irnik, a village in Bulgaria is named after Irnik (Ernak).

Irnik Point on Snow Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Irnik (Ernak).

title: Ernak


text:
Category talk:Days

Dumb Format

What is with the dumb format on the individual days pages? I mean like October 20, that makes no sense at all in the English language. Shouldn't it be 20th of October or at least October the 20th? October 20 sounds like October of 1920, like it is the 20th in a list of Octobers not days within October. - Josquius

A response: I think the current convention is as good as any. The most important thing, in my opinion, is consistency. - Pomakis 16:49, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

What about fictional birthdays?

A lot of characters in various books, manga, anime, and video games are given fictional birthdays. Does anybody think that these birthdays should be added to a regular day page (like January 1, for example)? They could even be under a heading; "Fictional Birthdays". ~MoogleFan

Rather than having a heading for "Fictional Birthdays", perhaps a more general "Fiction" heading would be better. This would allow for all sorts of fictional events to be listed. There are already some examples of this on some day pages. For example, November 12 lists a fictional event. - Pomakis 16:49, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Thanks! :) ~MoogleFan

I just want to show my support for the addition of fictional events to the days. I have a list of fictional birthdays already and would be glad to assist, not that Wikipedia doesn't have all of them already.

February 27
Can anyone explain to me why February 27 does not show in this category? None of the Day articles seem to have the Category explicitly entered; does it come together with the "months" template that seems to be included in them at the bottom? February 27 also includes this template, but doesn't show up in the category. --Brian G 17:46, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I made an edit to February 27 which reloaded Template:Months that adds the category. Now the page appears in this category. "action=purge" didn't work. -- User:Docu

 * Thanks. I was also trying to figure out how to get March 2004 out of this category.  It looks like whatever you did fixed that also. --Brian G 12:28, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Days


text:
File:Mort-cover.jpg

Mort cover, from http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?22915

title: File:Mort-cover.jpg


text:
Template:User ta

Usage

 * If your browser does not properly display the Tamil script characters, please see Enabling complex text support for Indic scripts, linked here, for instructions on how to configure your computer.

title: Template:User ta