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User talk:M. Dingemanse/Archive5

Glory, glory, glory
I'm a huge fan of your language work. The lang map, first time I saw it, looked as though it were out of a book... I wondered what kind of license we had it under!

Also, I hope we can work out something reasonable and fun tomorrow :-) To brush away all this extraneous gloom.
 * Wow, thank you, Sj, for your kind words! It's great to hear that people appreciate my work.  — mark ✎ 12:20, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Removing entries on users talk page
Please do not remove comments left on other peoples user page. The page is theirs and if they want it removed let them remove it themselves. What you are doing is considered vandalism
 * [Posted by after my removal of insulting language at TBSDY's talk.]

Sprelling and Chinese
Ha! You show your true nature just in time! Instead of the Distinguished Order of the TPH that I was about to confer on you, for bravery in the Great April Fool's War, I'm vindictively designing a special "Sprelling Nazi Barnstar" just for you...! ;-) Mark, only if you have the time to spare, do you think you could see your way to commenting on Chinese language on peer review? Listed by Karmosin, a pretty new user. I've noted down some superficial impressions, but that's after all not a lot like getting informed commentary. --Bishonen|Talk 07:37, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, sure, thanks for notifying me — it's my practice indeed to comment on all articles linguistic at PR! I believe I've met Karmosin at some other linguistic articles. As for the Sprelling Branstar, I'm looking froward to it (although my share in the Great April Fool's War was somewhat limited as I was out, spending a sunny day of spring with my fiancée...) (I might as well admit that my addiction to Wikipedia has attracted her attention...)  — mark ✎ 12:13, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!
Hi Mark, Thank you for support and very kind words in my nomination and my talk page. All those extra tabs are sort of intimidating. On a separate note, I've been vaguely following your exchange with Trilobite, but am uncertain where things now stand with Xed's DRC culture page... Thanks again! BanyanTree 04:10, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, Xed has assured me that it is not lost, though it might take some time before we can use it. It is deleted from Wikipedia now, as all of Xed's pages have been deleted, then recreated and subsequently redirected (though admins can view deleted edits, try at User:Xed/draft5). It will come back eventually.  — mark ✎ 07:24, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Stop removing other users comments on other users talk page
Feel free to remove anything you would like on YOUR talk page, but do not remove comments from other users talk page. If that user wants it removed, they can remove it themselves. If you continue doing this you will be blocked
 * [posted by ]
 * You are posting insulting language on the Talk page of a user that has left Wikipedia. Please don't be a hypocrite.  — mark ✎ 14:28, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Images and media for deletion

 * I am contacting people who previously helped to vote to delete a generally objectionable photograph by a vote of 88 to 21, and who might be unaware that immediately after that image was voted to be deleted someone posted another which was very similar in content. My objections to this, and the previous image that was voted to be deleted might be based upon reasons far different from any that you have, but I do object to it, and consider the posting of such images to be acts of asinine stupidity, which burdens the project and its major educational aims in ways that they should not be burdened, and can be extremely detrimental to the acceptance and growth of WIkipedia's use and influence. Thus far those who I believe to be in the extreme minority of Wikipedians who would like to include these images, many who have been channeled to the voting page from the article with which it is associated have dominated the voting, 23 to 12 (as of the time that I composed this message). I would like to be somewhat instrumental in shedding a bit more light upon the issue, and if possible, helping to turn the tide against its inclusion. It might also be necessary to begin making an effort to establish an explicit Wikipedia policy against explicite photographic depictions of humans engaged in erotic, auto-erotic, or quasi-erotic activities. To my limited knowledge such images have not been accepted as appropriate anywhere else within this project, and frankly I can agree with those who are casually labeled prudes for opposing their inclusion, that they should not be. Vitally important information that might be unwelcome by some is one thing that should never be deleted, but un-needed images that can eventually prevent or impede many thousands or millions of people from gaining access to the great mass of truly important information that Wikipedia provides is quite another matter. There are vitally important distinctions to be made. Whatever your reasons, or final decisions upon the matter, I am appealing for more input on the voting that is occurring at Wikipedia:Images_and_media_for_deletion. ~ Achilles † 04:05, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Chinese language
Hi Mark,

I noticed you gave quite a few very constructive comments at Peer review/Chinese language/archive1, two of which were: I recently went ahead and totally rewrote the Phonology section, splitting it up into Morphology and Phonology, and explaining in greater detail the structure of words and syllables. Do you think you can take a look at it and give me your comments on what you think about the new revision? [Start here]
 * Phonology — strictly speaking, talk about syllables belongs to morphology rather than phonology. (I suspect you don't feel like writing a 'Morphology' section — it might be better to place this bit into 'Grammar' then, but I'm not sure).
 * Regardless of the placement, if I read that "Chinese phonology is strictly bound to a set number of syllables with a fairly rigid construction", I wonder why that 'set number of syllables' isn't disclosed and why that 'fairly rigid construction' is not outlined; in other words, I would expect a little something about canonical word and syllable structure (I believe Chinese lects have a preference for open syllables).

Thanks! --Umofomia 08:55, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Sure! I just read it, and it looks great! I have a few comments, which I will post on the Peer review request page.  — mark ✎ 10:09, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for taking the time to review my revisions, Mark. I replied to some of your comments on the peer review page, so feel free to reply to them if necessary.  Anyway, it's way past time for me to go to bed now, so I will see you tomorrow. :)  --Umofomia 11:07, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!
Thanks for rv'ing the "Wikipedia is communism" stuff on my user page yesterday. FreplySpang (talk) 12:07, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not at all! The vandal hit me, too (incidentally, the first time that my user page was vandalized).  — mark ✎ 12:11, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks from me too. Guess that guy was mad at me for asking him to stop before. — Knowledge Seeker দ 19:46, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Incidentally, out of curiosity, why do you have the  in your signature? — Knowledge Seeker দ 19:47, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The em-dash is part of my sig but I don't want it to be wikilinked. So I cancel the first wikilinkage by using a space between nowiki tags, then follows the em-dash, and then the rest. There might be a better way to do this... :)  — mark ✎ 12:51, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * My signature is the same way; I had the same problem. When MediaWiki got upgraded recently, it became easier to do it. Go to your preferences, and click "Raw signature"—that way, you can type exactly what you want to appear as your signature; the software won't add any extra characters or links. I have   for mine. Hope this helps! — Knowledge Seeker দ 17:59, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Testing... — mark ✎ 18:34, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, great — thanks for the tip!

Thanks for removing the WP:PR references on WP:AD
That had been thoroughly confusing me, and a number of others (novice users and WP:PR long-timers surprised at the WP:AD referrals they were getting alike!). Well done and thank you :) VivaEmilyDavies 15:52, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not at all! I think the many accuracy disputes that ended up on PR got me thinking; when I did a 'what links here' from WP:PR, I was led to WP:AD (which I never had come across before...). — mark ✎ 17:09, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

VfD Hiplife
You probably know more about Votes for deletion/Hiplife than I do... - Mustafaa 06:57, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for alerting me, I put in a vote. The debate seems to have died down, but I think Hip Life will make it. It's a shame that people put these things on VfD so fast and reckless. — mark ✎ 21:58, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thank you!
Thank you for your vote of confidence on my RfA. It particularly means a lot coming from someone whose work I respect so much, both in and out of the article space. I shall attempt to put the shiny new buttons to good use! Mindspillage (spill yours?) 20:51, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

For bravery and being there -> the WikiMedal for Janitorial Services
You've had a long day of reverting vandalism and general tidying-up in Aramaic language. Your edit summary, "What is it with Aramaic, I thought. And then I found out that it's on the Main Page today", seemed particularly poignant. Please accept this medal given in gratitude for your vigilance with the wikimop. --Gareth Hughes 23:22, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the medal! That's very kind of you. I'm afraid it also shows that I'm a Wikiholic... — mark ✎ 12:32, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Mende mended
Happy to keep an eye out. What would the polite term be - pseudohistory? You might be interested in The Languages of Africa, by the way. - Mustafaa 19:40, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for looking into it. The Languages of Africa is a very nice article (don't forget to add references tho) :). — mark ✎ 21:18, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

My conversation with Roylee

 * Since Roylee doesn't want my questions on his talk page, I'm preserving my conversation with him here on my own talk page. — mark ✎ 07:22, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Mende
Would you care to elaborate on you recent additions to Mende language? I'm not sure what you were trying to say there. I've pulled them out pending citation, if you don't mind — let's talk about it first on Talk:Mende language. Regards, — mark ✎ 14:19, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The same holds for your additions to Mende tribe, which were full of so-called weasel words. Please remember that Wikipedia's job is only to report facts, not to 'reshape the views of scholars', to borrow a part of your text at Mende tribe. Also, you really might want to check your sources. Not every website can be treated as a reputable source (see Reliable sources). Kind regards, — mark ✎ 14:56, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I note that you were using a misleading edit summary at Mende language. You described your recent edit as 'adding external academic references' whereas in fact you reverted to your own version of the article, furthermore adding a misinformed statement about English and Mende. Why not discuss this on Talk:Mende language first, like I asked you? I believe I clearly explained my position and my actions. Kind regards, — mark ✎ 15:22, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Worries
Hi, Roylee. After reviewing some of your contributions more closely I'm starting to feel worried. It appears that you have been trying to lend your arguments credibility by citing phrases of articles that you have added yourself before. Two examples: Please review the No original research, Cite sources, Verifiability and Check your facts policies and refrain from doing this in the future.
 * You edited the history section of West Africa to include a statement about shipbuilding, referring to the article shipbuilding. Turning to that article, we find that you yourself added a tidbit about seafaring Saharans, perhaps not surprisingly referring to West Africa. This is an obvious (and profoundly worrying) circularity.
 * You have posted a lengthy essay at Talk:Timeline of motor and engine technology. In it, you refer to the articles Shipbuilding (yet again) and West Africa (...). You also cite Maritime archeology, which, not surprisingly, also refers to the statements you yourself added to the history section of West Africa.

I note furthermore that several other editors have tried to make this clear to you. What are your own thoughts about this policies and about the above examples of your editing pattern? — mark ✎ 17:11, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Roylee's answer to this was, apart from deleting my comments:

Users: Mende/tree

 * 1) You reference the above ... my debut on Wiki. However, as you may find, the above finds modern research support.
 * 2) I'm allowing the edits to stand. So let's leave it at that. However I sense and suspect underlying hostility and deception in your writing styles. Therefore, I don't want your words here. Maybe my personal feelings are to blame. Either way, please don't revert my Talk page. Sincerely, Roylee

 * After this, some other editors also posted question and comments to Roylee's talk, followed by blanking. The last exchange Roylee and I had before he blanked his talk page again:

Mende etc.
Hi, Roylee. I will not push it and revert your deletion of my (and other's) comments again. I just want to say that deleting comments you disagree with is frowned upon by many people here, because it makes it difficult to talk in honesty and clarity. Please keep in mind that it might even make it look like you're trying to hide something. If you don't want to talk, then don't; but please refrain from reverting changes of other editors who take the time to explain what they did and why. Kind regards, — mark ✎ 15:04, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Sorry, but you are a con artist mixing disguise, deception and truth. All my personal and prior experiences guide me away from attempting to engage in any intelligent discussion. Apparently you have problems with memory, because as I said before, I don't want your words here. How many times must I say this? Begone. --Roy Lee

Suez Canal
Thanks for your note about Roylee's Suez Canal edits. Perhaps he will get his hypotheses peer-reviewed elsewhere before bringing them back again. logologist 22:12, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

User:Evertype
Thanks for the explanation on user pages. I'll read it. 2004-12-29T22:45Z 07:26, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Kayla/Kaïliña article/s
I move we merge both to Kaïliña, and copy/paste the Talk from Kayla to Talk:Kaïliña. Notifying you since you've participated on the Talk page at either or both of the articles. Tomer TALK 03:20, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for notifying me! — mark ✎ 16:59, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

J/R/T RfC
I've filed a joint RfC concerning the behavior of the users Johan Magnus, Ruhrjung and Tuomas at Requests for comment/Johan Magnus, Ruhrjung, Tuomas. I would very much appreciate comments from experienced users like yourself in this matter. Peter Isotalo 21:35, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Afrikaanse talen
Hi Mark, Ik zag dat je wat ervaring hebt met Afrikaanse talen. Ik spreek alleen een beetje isiXhosa en ben begonnen daarover wat in de nl wiktionary neer te zetten. Ik heb wat bladzijden met uitleg over het klasse-systeem neergepend. Ik weet alleen niet hoe algemeen bruikbaar dat is voor andere Bantoe-talen. Weet jij daar wat meer van. Overigens pas op met Yuba, ik heb wel eens wat vraagtekens achter zijn 'kennis' gezet en ontzettend ruzie gekregen (over Sheshonq I en zo) nl:Gebruiker:Jcwf
 * Je spreekt isiXhosa, wat gaaf! Heb je dat in Zuid Afrika geleerd? Wat betreft het klasse-systeem: het systeem 'werkt' in heel Bantu ongeveer hetzelfde; de verschillen zijn vooral te vinden in de precieze vorm van de prefixen (Swahili mu-/m- komt bijvoorbeeld overeen met u- in isiZulu/isiXhosa voor klasse 1), en in het aantal klassen per taal (Sotho heeft er bijvoorbeeld ongeveer 20, Swahili ongeveer 15 en Ngumba nog maar 8). Maar hoe het in de zin werkt, bijvoorbeeld dat de klasse-prefix verschijnt voor het werkwoord en voor het bijvoeglijk naamwoord, dat is in grote lijnen hetzelfde in heel Bantu.
 * Wat betreft Yuba: ik weet het, daarom pak ik het zo omzichtig aan en ben ik zo duidelijk over mijn veranderingen en voorstellen op nl:Berbertalen. Hij is ooit hier op de Engelse Wikipedia (zonder succes) bezig geweest om een nogal chauvinistische visie in de Berber-gerelateerde artikelen te krijgen. Helaas lijkt dat op de Nederlandse Wikipedia wel gelukt te zijn, en dat is één van de redenen waarom ik er nog maar zo weinig gedaan heb. (Een andere reden is dat ik het handiger vind om mijn aandacht en tijd maar aan één versie te wijden). — mark ✎ 22:01, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Enkosi kakhulu, mhlobo wam. Ik heb dus bladzijden aangemaakt als WikiWoordenboek:Bantoe/Elfde klasse met daarop een samenvatting van hoe het in het isiXhosa gaat. Als ik je goed begrijp kan dezelfde bladzijde ook voor andere Bantoe talen gebruikt worden evt. en dat wilde ik even weten. Dingemanse? Hm, die naam hoorde ik wel vaker toen ik in Terneuzen woonde... En ja daarna heb ik 3 jaar in de vroegere Ciskei gezeten en nu dus in de VS. Ik verblijf wat wiki betreft vnl. op nl.wiki (sinds er zon 400 bladzijden waren), maar tegenwoordig zit ik meer op af. en sinds kort wat op wiktionary. Groeten nl:Gebruiker:Jcwf PS We kunnen je hulp tav Yuba goed gebruiken. Hij is een onopgelost probleem. PPS Ik heb een jaar of zo geleden wel eens een emailtje naar Harry Stroomer gestuurd hij is prof in dit soort talen aan een Ned. universiteit (Leiden geloof ik). Hij verklaarde zich bereid om korte stukjes in te leveren over berbertalen en zo. Ik ben er verder niet meer op in gegaan maar wellicht is het een goede bron om gerichte vragen aan te stellen?

Yuba
Ik heb geen zin me weer met hem te bemoeien, maar achter de schermen steun ik je van harte wat betreft Yuba. Zijn edits zijn vaak eenzijdig qua POV, en door de meesten van ons moeilijk te verbeteren omdat we van de betreffende onderwerpen geen verstand hebben. - Andre Engels 11:52, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Dank voor je steun, Andre. Het zou al veel helpen als er veel mensen op nl:Overleg:Berbertalen kwamen zeggen dat ze academische publicaties van gerenommeerde Berber-taalkundigen meer vertrouwen dan Yuba's Arabische websites, en dat de wijzigingen en toevoegingen die ik heb aangebracht het artikel significant verbeteren (als dat zo is). Ik probeer het zo te spelen dat het accent niet op Yuba komt te liggen maar op wat hier heet Reliable sources. — mark ✎ 12:19, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Hallo Mark, er zijn eigenlijk niet zoveel mensen die mij Michael noemen, ik was zelfs vergeten dat ik die naam op mijn gebruikerspagina gezet heb :-) Ja wat Yuba betreft ... wat kan ik over hem zeggen. Vorig jaar nog had ik hem nog geprobeerd wat bij te brengen in de taalkunde. Deze gebruiker is behoorlijk irritant en heel koppig. Ik wil niet oneerbiedig of onvriendelijk zijn, maar dat is vaak een kenmerk van onwetende mensen. Zoals André hierboven gezegd heeft, heb ik eigenlijk ook niet zoveel zin om met hem te bemoeien. Aan de andere kant ligt hier een taak voor ons om mensen te 'onderwijzen'. Wij zijn immers bezig om een complete encyclopedie op poten te zetten en niet om mensen te 'hersensspoelen' of om onze meningen door te laten drukken oid. Zoals je zelf geschreven hebt in je gebruikerspagina: Laat u niet overwinnen door het kwade, maar overwin het kwade door het goede hehehe ... Maar goed ik zal in elk geval wat erover zeggen in de pagina Overleg:Berbertalen. Ik ben overigens ook voor de term Berbertalen. Deze overkoepelende term is algemener dan Amazight of iets wat erop lijkt. Meursault2004 23:52, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Zulu
Mark, I didn't really have a problem with User:212.139.198.229's edits to that page, and, mindful of don't bite the newbies, I am just asking what your issue was that deserved a revert. Wizzy… ☎   12:37, May 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * You're right, especially about not biting the newcomers. It looked to me (and still looks to me) like a sort word game, trying to change as many words as possible without altering the flow of the article, and that's why I didn't like it. I shouldn't have reverted though — I should've asked. — mark ✎ 21:15, 6 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks to me like a word game - indeed, there is no substance change. I am leaving it alone. Wizzy… ☎   08:08, May 7, 2005 (UTC)

Lovely map at Bantu languages, thank you. Wizzy… ☎   10:09, May 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's my job :). Glad you like it! — mark ✎ 10:30, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Thank you!
Mark, what a lovely comment on the RFA page, thank you very much! As immodest as I've become, it made me blush with undeserving. Bishonen | talk 11:11, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

Sunflower of thanks
I noticed you left a sunflower of thanks in my talk page. Thank you. :-D --Chris 00:04, 8 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Not at all, glad you like it! — mark ✎ 00:12, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Somali language
Mark, I wrote this response on the other two threads, my talk and talk:Somali language. So, basically let me paste it for you once more.

I edited and wrote 'occupied Somali region of Ethiopia" because there was/is no official and clarified agreement the former or current goverments of Somalia and Ethiopia. This dispute resulted one major war, plus another two minor unofficial wars regarding that region called "Soomaali Galbeed" (Western Somalia) by Somalis. It is still in official dispute, which most Somalis regard unsolved. So this justifies my reasoning of it being 'occupied.' Mind you the "border" between Somalia and Ethiopia isn't internationally recognized, and no body has an official agreement where to draw the line. Even the colonial powers who divided the Somali people let that "boundary" be vague, as it is today. It isn't a border per se as other international known boundaries are.

PS1, I know wikipedia for about two years now and, believe me, read all its rules and regulations. Even though I hardly used edite and that I am very familiar the so-called 'edit wars.' Honestly, It isn't my cup of tea to have a dispute on online, even in real life....it isn't just me!

PS2, where did you learn that phrase, "nabadeey," from? I am presuming you aren't Somali, are you?
 * [posted by Somaali (Talk) 06:05, 8 May 2005]
 * Thanks for explaining. I'll respond on Talk:Somali language. — mark ✎ 08:30, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

Welcome to the Fact and Reference Check WikiProject
Dear new member,

Welcome to the Fact and Reference Check WikiProject!

No doubt you're familiar with what our noble (and somewhat lofty!) goal is, and I'm really glad you've decided to help to try and make it a reality. Especially at this point, it's important that articles make good use of references so people know that it is now a requirement that we reference all added material for high-quality articles. Thank you so much for helping out in our noble cause :)

You might find the biweekly special article interesting. Every fortnight, an otherwise good article that lacks any sources is chosen, and the Fact and Reference Check team works collaboratively to add references to the article. We typically follow the guidelines suggested at Footnote3; however, we have used and  rather than  and  in the past. and were created solely because they thought it was a better name, and has no other advantages over  and.

If you have any questions, feel free to leave a message on the project's talk page. You can also contact me personally.

— Frazzydee|✍ 00:00, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the nice welcome, Frazzydee! — mark ✎ 00:04, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

ISBNs
I understand and agree about purchasers of books based on ISBN; who's going to go out and buy a book just because it's referenced in an encyclopaedia? But being linked into all my local major libraries means it's very easy for me to check for an old, out of print, expensive book that I can read, as a reference. And without ISBNs it's too much work doing a Library of Congress / Amazon lookup (I've done several, to supply ISBNs, I know what a pain in the butt it can be, especially in languages other than my own). With ISBN links, only one person needs to do the work - once. ISBN lookups is something I've done for wikipedia in the past, and expect to do in the future; having all the pages needing the attention in one place eliminates the hunt for articles missing ISBNs. Josh Parris ✉ 07:29, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Javanese Wikipedia
Hé Mark, ik begrijp dat je een moderator bent. Kan je misschien iets voor ons doen en dat is om het Javaans op de hoofdpagina te zetten bij de wikipedia's die al meer dan 1.000 artikelen tellen. Wij hebben op dit moment al ruim 1.400! Ok alvast bedankt hé :-) Meursault2004 16:40, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Hey Mark, as an administrator can you please do us a favour? Please put the Javanese wikipedia on the Main Page as it already reached 1,000 articles. At this moment we already have more than 1,400 articles. Thanx! Meursault2004 16:40, 11 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Just did it/net gedaan. Gegroet, — mark ✎ 16:58, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Thanks/Bedankt! Meursault2004 15:04, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Cough on ice
Oh, no, you put cough on ice, really? How awful, I blame myself, yet can't but be gratified by your insinuating compliment, "Bishonen, nobody is truly ignorant the way you are!" I'll be charmed to take a look at Gbe languages tomorrow. Mark, if you have any time to spare, do you think you could see your way to commenting on Requests for comment/Johan Magnus, Ruhrjung, Tuomas? It's an RFC that's moving rather slowly, and, hmm, oh yeah, it's about events at some articles on Swedish, probably an interest of yours as, uh, cough, one of the less-known African languages. --Bishonen | talk 01:16, 12 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm looking forward to it! As for the RfC, I'll look into it; Peter Isotalo pointed me to it before. In fact, I've already read huge parts of it, but I can't seem to grasp what it is all about, and don't know where to start commenting. — mark ✎ 12:54, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Bantoid languages
Great job on turning the redirect at Bantoid languages into an article! Should the genetic language details for 'Bantoid language' in articles like Luganda language and Kiswahili point to Bantoid languages or Bantu language? TreveXtalk 19:58, 12 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, those two are both Bantu languages, in the sense that they belong to the 'Bantu' language family, and therefore that is where they should point. To obscure the matter, this family is called 'Narrow' Bantu in the language tables at Swahili and Luganda which is because in the past linguists didn't always agree on the exact make-up of the Bantu family (see Narrow Bantu languages for the details). This family in turn is a branching of the 'Bantoid'-grouping, which next to Bantu includes languages somewhat more distantly related to the Bantu languages. I'm not sure if I answered your question — it might help to take a look at this overview at the Ethnologue, which shows Bantoid and its branches. — mark ✎ 20:44, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Imagism
Thanks for the missing "as" and the very positive vote. Filiocht | Blarneyman 11:31, May 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's simply worth it. Thanks for giving Wikipedia such articles. — mark ✎ 22:22, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Dorobo
Hi, came across your to-do list item on the Dorobo; a few months ago I created a (inaccurate, I belive) sub-stub based on what my parents had told me — while Googling I quickly realised that I didn't know enough even to write a decent stub. I, for one, would be very happy to read a decent Wikipedia article on this topic, if you find time to write one. (I've also heard the term "Okiek" applied to (N)Dorobo). — Matt Crypto 21:30, 16 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi! I gathered some references at User:Mark_Dingemanse/draft4 but I couldn't get around yet to actually writing a decent article — it's a very complicated (but equally intriguing) subject; your help would be appreciated! As for (N)Dorobo being used to refer to the Okiek, I noted a similar thing in Okiek language. I didn't know of the Ndorobo stub. I came across a few of your articles on Tanzanian subjects lately — it's nice and somehow strange to see you working in this corner of Wikipedia, because I associate you first of all with cryptography :). But now I come to think about it, I remember I saw you at the Swahili Wikipedia also — kwa heri! — mark ✎ 21:50, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

What happen?
Mark, the template on the Gbe languages talk page is doing some weird stuff. I put in a bit more about references a while ago, at the end of the edit fied, but on the page, it appears kinda in the middle. If I look at the text via peer review, otoh, that post doesn't appear at all. wtf? --Bishonen | talk 23:59, 16 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I suspect it's merely a caching problem. Try flushing — mark ✎ 00:05, 17 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Bah, the man thinks I don't know from flushing. No, I've figgered it. I used a three-deep heading on the Talk page, and that produced a separate subpage on peer review. Stupid of me... still, using the template kind of invites it, and I noticed Karmosin had done the same thing. I deleted both the separate pages and pasted Karmosin's part back into the template, minus the heading (my own was just a stopgap note to you from earlier today)—I think that's fixed it.--Bishonen | talk 00:45, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

Adminship
Thanks Mark. I have noticed your work with appreciation. Perhaps we should do some work on the cognitive linguistics part together.--Wiglaf 19:06, 25 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds good! -- mark ✎ 20:36, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

 * There was someone leaving a comment here Talk:Prototype (linguistics) that stereotype and Prototype (linguistics) were nowhere near. In my experience prototypical has a very similar meaning to stereotypical, in cognitive semantics. Please correct me if I wrong. If you have the time, the article is in sore need of an expansion.--Wiglaf 21:24, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

Template:Limitedgeographicscope
I have already discussed it on the tfd page. And I note that my edit was reverted without explanation. RickK 22:59, May 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * (replied over there)
 * And I saw YOUR comment on the Talk page, which was basically, "yeah, whatever, I don't see any bias, so just go ahead and revert it." That's certainly dialogue.  RickK 23:06, May 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * No, it was basically "Yeah, whatever, RickK in my opinion has failed to explain why anything was POV or offensive about it." And please note that I deliberately did not edit the template — I was only leaving a comment there to start a dialogue. But you're right, my comment was toned rather impatiently. I'm really sorry for that, and I hope we can cool down and settle this thing in a sensible way. — mark ✎ 23:24, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Concerning explaining your reasoning: the closest you came to an explanation was the following comment:
 * "I wouldn't have listed it, if the "limited worldview" POV weren't attached to it. This is a deliberate slap in the face to those editors who don't kowtow to the idea that everything American and/or Western is inherently bad."
 * Several editors have expressed their surprise as to why one would want to interpret the text of the template this way. Remember what it said: "the general perspective and/or the specific examples represent a limited worldview" — I would think that's not a matter of POV but just a matter of fact.
 * I feel that you're maybe taking this too much as an assessment of the editor instead of the article. There's no talk anywhere of any editor having a limited worldview (which would be a slap in the face indeed); the only thing that is said it that the perspective or the examples of the article are limited in scope.
 * Let's take Sociology of clothing for a clear example. Don't you agree that its general perspective is limited in scope? And don't you think that the specific examples at present, too, are limited in scope? Well, that's all that this template intends to point out, to make more editors aware of the fact that they are writing for a global audience. — mark ✎ 23:24, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * All I see is that "limited worldview" is a dig at an editor, not even implying, but baldly stating, that, as I said, they're either biased or ignorant. RickK 23:28, May 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * OK. But you do see at the same time that the text of the template in fact only talks about the contents of the article? Really Rick, I'm not anti-Western or something, (actually I think you're the very first to suggest anything like that, though I don't take offense) and I loathe personal attacks as much as you do. I suggest we cool down before we talk further. — mark ✎ 23:33, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Although I'm very interested in what you think about Sociology of clothing. — mark ✎ 23:46, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Roylee
hi Mark -- I agree that (as far as I can see) all the stuff added by Roylee is utter gweuskor. Unfortunately, I cannot support you as energetically as I would like, just now, but I'll be happy to sign any rfc, request to "cite your sources", etc. "stating the basis" of this. best regards, keep protecting the wiki, dab (ᛏ) 09:59, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * rogue admin? Well, what did you expect, on a rogue encyclopedia project! cheers, — dab (ᛏ) 12:41, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Signpost featured articles
Hi Mark, sorry those last ones didn't get in the Signpost. It doesn't look like they were featured until late Sunday, and unfortunately, I finished up the article on Sunday morning and didn't get a chance to check if other articles were featured later. They'll be in next week's issue. --Spangineer ∞ 11:02, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:M. Dingemanse/Archive5


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Steve Jarvis

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Trilobite (Talk) 15:27, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Steve Jarvis
Delete: subject is not notable as secondary school teacher and hockey coach. Article apparently written by his favourite pupils. Cleduc 17:15, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity article (the vain one being undoubtedly one of the 'favourite pupils'). Average Earthman 18:26, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. UkPaolo 20:55, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete student vanity. --Etacar11 01:31, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Riding a rail

Riding the rail (also called being "run out of town on a rail") was a punishment most prevalent in the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries in which an offender was made to straddle a fence rail held on the shoulders of two or more bearers. The subject was then paraded around town or taken to the city limits and dumped by the roadside.

Being ridden on a rail was typically a form of extrajudicial punishment administered by a mob, sometimes in connection with tarring and feathering, intended to show community displeasure with the offender so the offender either conformed behavior to the mob's demands or left the community.

A story attributed to Abraham Lincoln has him quoting a victim of being ridden out of town on a rail as having said, "If it weren't for the honor of the thing, I'd just as soon it happened to someone else."

In popular culture
In the film O Brother, Where Art Thou?, Homer Stokes denounces the Soggy Bottom Boys as hostile to the social order and accuses them of associating with African Americans. Stokes then reveals that he is a member of the Ku Klux Klan, which further angers the crowd, and several men carry him out of the building on a rail.

In Mark Twain's book Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), two traveling swindlers known as "The King" and "The Duke" are finally caught in the act and are ridden out of town "astraddle a rail" after tarring and feathering.

title: Riding a rail


text:
William Boyd, 3rd Earl of Kilmarnock

William Boyd, 3rd Earl of Kilmarnock (died 1717) was a Scottish nobleman.

He fought for the British Government during the Jacobite rising of 1715.

title: William Boyd, 3rd Earl of Kilmarnock


text:
Pydna

Pydna (Greek: Πύδνα, Pýdna) is a small town and a former municipality in the northeastern part of Pieria regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pydna-Kolindros, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 105.059 km2, the community 41.334 km2. Pydna is situated in fertile land close to the Thermaic Gulf coast. The main village of the former municipality is Kitros. It lies 6 km north of Korinos, 8 km south of Methoni and 13 km northeast of Katerini. Motorway 1 and the Piraeus–Platy railway (nearest station at Korinos) pass east of the village.

title: Pydna


text:
Talk:Great Brink's Robbery

Capture
How did the robbers get caught? Was the first arrest for the Brinks Robbery or something else? Spec O'keefe turned states evidence and ratted out the group. §Richard Maffie2603:9000:BA86:4800:71DC:E730:BAB6:CCBD (talk) 23:07, 1 September 2018 (UTC)Adolph Maffie

Vandalism
I reverted the article to non-vandalized version. None of the later editors bothered to check where the half of the article had suddenly disappeared - Skysmith 08:35, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

Sentences
Article seems to indicate that the robbers actually served their life sentences. The film notes that all of those sentenced to life were released "and returned to live comfortable lives in Boston". I'll find out more details about release dates when I get the chance. Ellsworth (talk) 04:14, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

Stashed loot
where di they come up with the money being in Minnesota. I heard it was in New Hamphire —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.127.94.7 (talk) 16:35, 29 December 2008 (UTC)

Arrests
The article says that all 11 were arrested, but it also says that one of them was dead by the time arrests were made...? Ericgoldman (talk) 02:22, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

Error in Title
The TITLE of this page contains an erroneous apostrophe - Brinks is the name, it's not "Brink's," a possessive form. I don't know how to correct the title of an article. Suggest that someone should re-create the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.145.160.195 (talk) 13:38, 17 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Brink's was founded by Perry Brink, so Brinks would be the incorrect spelling. Company calls itself Brink's, both spellings appear common. MartinSFSA (talk) 09:45, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

Wrong plan
The 'Plan' section has it all wrong. Different people made different claims, but MacGinnis did not plan the robbery - he was brought in to deal with things like getting rid of evidence - which he failed at.I believe Pino was the first one in the facility, and it was him who recruited guys to go in with him. There's a good book that gives the facts - I'll see if I can get hold of it again and make corrections. MarkinBoston (talk) 18:09, 25 September 2012 (UTC) The names a either wrong or misspelled. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.33.220.209 (talk) 22:34, 6 March 2016 (UTC) The Brinks Job by Noel Behn is the most accurate. Behn worked with Tony Pino, Jazz Maffie and Sandy Richardson.§Richard Maffie — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2603:9000:BA86:4800:71DC:E730:BAB6:CCBD (talk) 23:12, 1 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Great Brink's Robbery


text:
Benjamin F. Stapleton

Benjamin Franklin Stapleton (November 12, 1869 – May 23, 1950) was the mayor of Denver, Colorado, for two periods (comprising five terms), the first from 1923 to 1931 and the second from 1935 to 1947. He also served as the Democratic Colorado State Auditor from 1933 to 1935 and was a member of the Ku Klux Klan.

Early years
Stapleton was born November 12, 1869, in Paintsville, Kentucky, son of Elizabeth Jane Newman (1851–1927) and Samuel Stapleton (1847–1911). He attended National Normal University in Lebanon, Ohio, graduating with a law degree. Early in the 1890s, Stapleton went to live in Denver, and in 1899, he was admitted to the Colorado Bar.

On June 21, 1917, Stapleton married Mabel Freeland, with whom he had 2 children, Lois Jane and Benjamin, Junior.

Stapleton enlisted for service in the Spanish–American War. He served with the First Colorado Regiment, Company 1, Colorado Volunteers Infantry in the Philippine Islands, rising to the rank of first sergeant.

At the conclusion of his war-time service, Stapleton returned to Denver to practice law and first became actively interested in politics, helping found the Veterans of Foreign Wars.

Stapleton later became a member of the Ku Klux Klan.

Political career
Stapleton's political career began in 1904 as police magistrate, where he remained until 1915, when President Woodrow Wilson appointed him postmaster. During his appointment, he oversaw the completion of the Denver Post Office building.

As chronicled by Robert Alan Goldberg in his book Hooded Empire : The Ku Klux Klan in Colorado, Stapleton was the Klan candidate for mayor of Denver in 1923 and won the election with Klan support. When Stapleton declared his candidacy for mayor in March 1923, he was Klan member number 1,128 and a close friend of the Colorado Klan Grand Dragon, John Galen Locke. Rumors of Stapleton's Klan membership circulated during the mayoral campaign. Stapleton responded by denying that he was a Klan member and condemning the Klan, "to appease his Jewish and Catholic supporters." Stapleton declared, "True Americanism needs no mask or disguise. Any attempt to stir up racial prejudices or religious intolerance is contrary to our constitution and is therefore un-American." The voters believed Stapleton's denial and he was elected, defeating an unpopular incumbent, Dewey Bailey. Stapleton then appointed fellow Klansmen to multiple positions in Denver government, though he initially resisted Klan pressure to appoint a Klansman as chief of police.

An anti-Stapleton backlash developed due to the Klan's infiltration of Denver government. The anti-Stapleton coalition began the process of petitioning for a recall election. Stapleton knew that to survive the recall he would need Klan support. He capitulated to the Klan demand that he appoint a Klansman as police chief, with the result that the police department became in effect a Klan organization. This galvanized the anti-Stapleton forces and they succeeded in forcing a recall election of Stapleton in August 1924.

According to Goldberg's description of the recall election, "[t]he Klan dominated the Stapleton campaign, contributing more than $15,000 and scores of election workers." "On July 14, 1924, Mayor Stapleton addressed a Klan gathering on South Table Mountain and reaffirmed his commitment: 'I have little to say, except that I will work with the Klan and for the Klan in the coming election, heart and soul.  And if I am reelected, I shall give the Klan the kind of administration it wants.'"  The anti-Stapleton coalition had run a poor candidate against Stapleton in the recall election (Dewey Bailey, the incumbent mayor  Stapleton defeated in 1923), and Stapleton won the recall election by a landslide. On the night of the election, Denver Klansmen burned crosses on South Table Mountain to signify their victory.

Cracks in the Klan's stranglehold on Denver began appearing early in 1925. Stapleton ordered the Good Friday vice raids on April 10, 1925, bypassing the Klan police chief he had appointed under pressure from KKK leaders. The raid rounded up over 200 bootleggers, prostitutes, and gamblers and exposed a dozen Klan members who had been serving in the police force, who were ultimately dismissed. On June 30, 1925, Colorado Klansmen voted to banish Stapleton, Senator Rice Means, Secretary of State Carl S. Milliken and six other members of the mayor's city hall faction from the Klan in a statement of loyalty to Grand Dragon Locke, who was under fire from national Klan forces. Locke, however, remained in power, but two weeks later, Stapleton declared his independence from Locke and the Colorado Klan by firing the Klan police chief, Candlish, whom he had appointed earlier in his term to appease them.

In 1932, Stapleton won election to the post of state auditor. Unsatisfied, Stapleton decided in 1935 to campaign again for election as for mayor, winning in that year and also in 1939 and 1943.

Projects
Stapleton was responsible for many civic improvements during his five terms as mayor of Denver. Most projects attributed to Stapleton were during his third term as mayor when he had access to funds and manpower from the New Deal. During this time, he saw through the creation of the Denver Civic Center and the Denver Municipal Airport, and the considerable expansion of Denver Mountain Parks system, including the Amphitheatre at Red Rocks Park.

Denver Municipal Airport
The construction of Denver Municipal Airport was begun in early 1929 and completed that same year. Its grand opening celebration took place over four days from October 17–20 – a week before the stock market crashed. It was widely viewed at the time as a huge boondoggle. Stapleton was excoriated as either corrupt or incompetent, or both, for having the taxpayers subsidize a mere plaything of the wealthy; what the Denver Post sneeringly dubbed "Stapleton's Folly", and others jokingly called "Rattlesnake Hollow". It was viewed by some as too far from civilization to be practicable. The close relationship Stapleton seemed to have with land-owning political backers who stood to benefit, conspicuous among them H. Brown Canon of Windsor Farm Dairy, were a factor in his loss in the 1931 mayoral election to George D. Begole. The airport was later renamed Stapleton International Airport on August 25, 1944, in his honor. Today, the airport no longer exists, replaced by a neighborhood, which was named Stapleton. After two previous attempts, the name of the neighborhood was changed to Central Park amid increasing political and racial pressure on August 1, 2020 due to Stapleton's adherence to white supremacy and controversial membership in the Ku Klux Klan.

Red Rocks Amphitheatre
In 1935, Stapleton appointed George Cranmer, a wealthy former stockbroker, as manager of Improvements and Parks. Cranmer had luckily pulled his assets out of the stock market a year before the crash of 1929. The two, as it turned out, had completely different visions for what to do with a particularly striking locale at Red Rocks Park.

Some time before his appointment, while Cranmer pondered a boulder field that was surmounted by large projecting rocks on either side, his thoughts drifted to a memory of something he had once seen while on tour in Sicily: an ancient Greek open-air theater with stone seating. He began to envision something similar, yet unique, for this location.

Whereas Cranmer dreamed of clearing a starry-skied stage, Stapleton saw the boulders strewn there as the members of a naturally formed, one-of-a-kind 'rock garden', and wanted them preserved.

Unbeknown to Stapleton, Cranmer was attempting to persuade the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) to quietly go ahead with plans to demolish the rocks with dynamite. He was successful in this, and the rocks were razed. With Stapleton's rock garden removed, the process began of hiring architects to design and oversee the eventual building of the Red Rocks Amphitheatre.

Other projects during Stapleton's tenure as mayor include Denver's water system and the Valley Highway project.

After politics
Stapleton's career in politics ended when he lost his 1947 mayoral re-election bid to J. Quigg Newton.

Stapleton died on May 23, 1950, at his home in Denver. He is the great-grandfather of Walker Stapleton, who was elected Colorado Treasurer in 2010, and the grandfather of Craig Roberts Stapleton, former U.S. ambassador to France and the Czech Republic.

Controversy
In early 2018, Stapleton's great-grandson, Walker Stapleton, a candidate for governor of Colorado, was accused of paying off the History Colorado Center to remove mention of the family's ties with the white supremacy movement and the beginnings of the Ku Klux Klan in America from their exhibitions.

In June 2020, in the period after the murder of George Floyd the Stapleton Master Community Association (MCA) voted to rename the neighborhood of Stapleton, Denver because of his links to white supremacy and the KKK. The neighborhood has since been voted to be renamed Central Park, after its largest green space. The name garnered 63% of the final vote, beating the other finalist, Skyview.

title: Benjamin F. Stapleton


text:
Thermalisation

In physics, thermalisation (or thermalization) is the process of physical bodies reaching thermal equilibrium through mutual interaction. In general, the natural tendency of a system is towards a state of equipartition of energy and uniform temperature that maximizes the system's entropy. Thermalisation, thermal equilibrium, and temperature are therefore important fundamental concepts within statistical physics, statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics; all of which are a basis for many other specific fields of scientific understanding and engineering application.

Examples of thermalisation include:
 * the achievement of equilibrium in a plasma.
 * the process undergone by high-energy neutrons as they lose energy by collision with a moderator.
 * the process of heat or phonon emission by charge carriers in a solar cell, after a photon that exceeds the semiconductor band gap energy is absorbed.

The hypothesis, foundational to most introductory textbooks treating quantum statistical mechanics, assumes that systems go to thermal equilibrium (thermalisation). The process of thermalisation erases local memory of the initial conditions. The eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis is a hypothesis about when quantum states will undergo thermalisation and why.

Not all quantum states undergo thermalisation. Some states have been discovered which do not (see below), and their reasons for not reaching thermal equilibrium are unclear.

Theoretical description
The process of equilibration can be described using the H-theorem or the relaxation theorem, see also entropy production.

Systems resisting thermalisation
Some such phenomena resisting the tendency to thermalize include (see, e.g., a quantum scar):

 * Conventional quantum scars,   which refer to eigenstates with enhanced probability density along unstable periodic orbits much higher than one would intuitively predict from classical mechanics.
 * Perturbation-induced quantum scarring:  despite the similarity in appearance to conventional scarring, these scars have a novel underlying mechanism stemming from the combined effect of nearly-degenerate states and spatially localized perturbations,  and they can be employed to propagate quantum wave packets in a disordered quantum dot with high fidelity.
 * Many-body quantum scars.
 * Many-body localisation (MBL), quantum many-body systems retaining memory of their initial condition in local observables for arbitrary amounts of time.

Other systems that resist thermalisation and are better understood are quantum integrable systems and systems with dynamical symmetries.

title: Thermalisation


text:
Apollo 100

Apollo 100 was a British instrumental group that had a U.S. Billboard Hot 100 top 10 hit with the Bach–inspired single "Joy" in 1972.

History
Apollo 100 was founded by arranger and multi-instrumentalist Tom Parker, who was known for his arrangements from the Young Blood catalogue, such as the Top 20 American hit "Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep" and a number of Don Fardon's recordings. Parker had played keyboards, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet, trombone and a number of other instruments from an early age, and entered the music industry as a session musician by the 1960s. In the intervening time, he associated with a number of groups, including The Mark Leeman 5, Jimmy James and the Vagabonds and Eric Burdon with the New Animals.

Parker formed Apollo 100 in the latter part of 1971 with fellow session musicians drummer Clem Cattini, guitarist Vic Flick, guitarist Zed Jenkins, percussionist Jim Lawless, and bassist Brian Odgers. In December 1971, they released their first single, "Joy", an electrified arrangement by Clive Scott of Bach's "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring". The single rose to number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the U.S. None of their subsequent efforts was as successful, and they broke up in 1973.

Parker went on to form the New London Chorale.

Soundtrack appearances
"Joy" has been featured on the soundtracks of the films Boogie Nights, One Day in September and The 40-Year-Old Virgin, as well as the television series The Man Who Fell to Earth. While not featured on the Battle of the Sexes soundtrack, the song is heard during a scene in the film and is cited in the end credits.

title: Apollo 100


text:
List of companies based in Minneapolis–Saint Paul

The Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area is the 16th-largest urban agglomeration in the United States, and is home to many corporations, companies, and divisions. The core cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul host many companies, but a majority are in suburban cities.

Economy
The Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area is the country's 13th largest economy based on GDP and has surpassed the Detroit metropolitan area as the Midwest's second largest economy.

As of 2020, there are 24 Fortune 1000 companies headquartered in the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area. Six companies made Fortune's 2013 Global 500 list. There were also five Minneapolis–St. Paul–based companies listed on Forbes' 2012 Largest Private Companies list, including Cargill, the largest privately held corporation.

Minneapolis
• Allina Health

• Ameriprise Financial

• Bright Health

• Capella University

• Code42

• Coloplast US

• Endeavor Air

• Graco

• Jamf

• Jefferson Lines

• Lucas Corporation

• Piper Sandler

• Rhymesayers Entertainment

• Sleep Number

• Surly Brewing Company

• SPS Commerce

• Target Corporation (Global 500 No. 113)

• Thrivent Financial for Lutherans

• U.S. Bancorp

• Valspar

• Xcel Energy

Saint Paul
• Bremer Financial Corporation

• Ecolab Inc.

• Pearson's Candy Company

• Securian Financial Group Inc.

• Summit Brewing Company

Arden Hills

 * Land O'Lakes Inc.

Bayport

 * Andersen Corporation (Forbes Private 500 No. 188)

Blaine

 * Aveda Corporation (subsidiary of Estée Lauder Companies)

Bloomington

 * Bethany House
 * Ceridian
 * Dairy Queen – a unit of Berkshire Hathaway
 * Donaldson Company
 * Gander Outdoors (division of Camping World)
 * Great Clips
 * Holiday Companies (Forbes Private 500 No. 106)
 * Josten's
 * Pearson VUE
 * Quality Bicycle Products (QBP)
 * Salsa Cycles
 * Surly Bikes
 * SkyWater Technology
 * Thermo King
 * The Toro Company

Brooklyn Center

 * Caribou Coffee
 * Surly Brewing Company

Chanhassen

 * Life Time Fitness

Eagan

 * Blue Cross Blue Shield of Minnesota
 * Sun Country Airlines
 * Thomson Reuters

Eden Prairie

 * Bluestem Brands Inc.
 * C.H. Robinson Worldwide Inc.
 * Lifetouch
 * Home & Local Services
 * Optum
 * Phillips & Temro
 * Supervalu (United States)

Edina

 * Admit One Home Systems
 * Minnesota Security
 * Coustic Glo International

Fridley

 * Medtronic (operational headquarters)

Golden Valley

 * Allianz Life
 * General Mills
 * Mortenson Construction
 * Pentair United States headquarters
 * Resideo

Hastings

 * Anytime Fitness

Inver Grove Heights

 * CHS Inc. (Global 500 No. 259)

Little Canada

 * St. Jude Medical Inc.

Maple Grove

 * Great River Energy

Maplewood

 * 3M Company

Medina

 * Polaris Industries Inc.

Mendota Heights

 * Patterson Companies
 * Patterson Dental

Minnetonka

 * Cargill (Forbes Private 500 No. 1)
 * Carlson (Forbes Private 500 No. 91)
 * Communication Systems Inc.
 * Digi International
 * Digital River
 * Famous Dave's
 * Polaroid Corporation
 * UnitedHealth Group (Fortune Global 500 No. 10)

New Brighton

 * H. Brooks and Company

Oakdale

 * Imation

Plymouth

 * Christopher & Banks
 * Protolabs

Richfield

 * Best Buy

Roseville

 * Old Dutch Foods
 * Colder Products Company
 * HED Cycling Products

St. Louis Park

 * Coolibar / Coolibar Inc.
 * Nordic Ware / Northland Aluminum Products
 * nVent Electric United States headquarters
 * Regis Corporation

Shakopee

 * Canterbury Park

Shoreview

 * Deluxe Corporation

Vadnais Heights

 * H.B. Fuller

Woodbury

 * EcoWater, a unit of Berkshire Hathaway

Merged or defunct companies
Wells Fargo continues to have a major presence in Minneapolis, and the city is home to the Wells Fargo Home Mortgage division. In 1998, Norwest Bank of Minneapolis bought Wells Fargo Bank of San Francisco, California. Because Wells Fargo had more brand recognition, Norwest chose to rename itself Wells Fargo Bank and moved its headquarters from Minneapolis to San Francisco.

Honeywell was headquartered in Minneapolis but moved to Morristown, New Jersey to occupy Allied Signal's headquarters after the two companies merged in 1999. Honeywell's former headquarters is now occupied by Wells Fargo.

The Soo Line Railroad is based in Minneapolis, but is owned by the Canadian Pacific Railway. The old company headquarters still exist as the Soo Line Building. The current headquarters is Canadian Pacific Plaza.

Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company produced Ceresota flour in Minneapolis from 1891 to 1953. Its Elevator A, and A and F mills are still standing and two of these structures are in use as office buildings.

ReliaStar Life Insurance Co. was bought by ING of the Netherlands but still maintains division headquarters in Minneapolis.

Dain Rauscher was bought by RBC of Canada but still maintains division headquarters in Minneapolis.

Burlington Northern was based in St. Paul until it merged with the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway to form the BNSF Railway. It is now based in Fort Worth, Texas.

The St. Paul Companies was the oldest company in Minnesota. In 2004, they merged with Travelers and in 2009 they moved their headquarters to New York City.

In 2008, Northwest Airlines announced that it was merging with Delta Air Lines and moving its headquarters to Atlanta, Georgia.

In December 2010, ADC Telecommunications was purchased by TE Connectivity. By May 2011, they had moved the operations out of the Eden Prairie HQ of ADC to other facilities. TE Connectivity continues to use ADC's Shakopee, MN facility.

Department 56, Inc. was headquartered in Eden Prairie, MN. The maker of collectibles and giftware, notably Christmas Village buildings and Snowbabies, filed for bankruptcy in 2009 after purchasing Lenox from Brown & Foreman in 2005. Department 56 was eventually acquired by Enesco and moved all operations except the artistic talent to Enesco's headquarters in Itasca, Illinois.

In 2001 Pillsbury Company was purchased by General Mills (also located in the Minneapolis–St. Paul area). Parts of Pillsbury were sold to International Multifoods Corporation which was later purchased by The J.M. Smucker Company of Orrville, Ohio, in 2004.

The Musicland Group, Inc. was an entertainment company which ran Musicland, Sam Goody, Suncoast Motion Picture Company, On Cue, and the Media PlaySuperstore Chains. The Musicland Group was purchased by Best Buy in 2001.

Control Data Corporation was a supercomputer firm which broke up into Control Data Systems and Control Data Corporation (CDC). CDC currently operates as Ceridian.

Jasc Software was a software company in Eden Prairie which was founded by the creator of Paint Shop Pro. It was acquired by Corel Corporation in 2004.

PepsiAmericas was merged into Pepsi Beverage Co. in 2009.

Lawson Software was an ERP software company based in St. Paul prior to being acquired by Infor.

Nash Finch merged with Spartan Stores to become SpartanNash and the headquarters was moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan.


text:
Talk:Wan Chai

Wan Chai (area) and Wan Chai District
Wan Chai should be different from Wan Chai district, which also includes Causeway Bay. --Jerry Crimson Mann 17:22, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Population and area figures in the article
The population figure (170,000) is for the (broader) district, not for Wan Chai alone (not sure about the area figure). — Instantnood 18:36, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The data is up-to-date, because it is adopted from the newly-launched GO2HK website listed in the reference. :) -- Jerry Crimson Mann 19:27, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, but the data is for the broader Wan Chai District, not for the Wan Chai area. — Instantnood 20:15, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * O... -- Jerry Crimson Mann 20:29, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Centre of the area
The centre of Wan Chai in the post-war period was at Tonnochy Road, while the present-day centre is more like to be around the MTR station. — Instantnood 18:36, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

Police Museum
This part will be deleted. It should belong to the Peak. -- Jerry Crimson Mann 10:01, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

ATV
There's a documentary about Wan Chai on ATV Asia...i've recorded it, and surely this would help much with this entry :) -- Jerry Crimson Mann

Holy Cow!
Wow. You guys are legends! I did not expect having such an indepth article on Wanchai here. The detail is amazing. You guys (and you all know who you are) are legends! novacatz 03:57, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Good Article nomination
Hi to all contributors to this article. This article is exceptional in the amount of informtion and images (the coastline one is amazing!) it contains. However, I am going to fail it's nomination. The style is at places unencyclopedic, there are rather many occurences of "many people say" without attribution, and it is a bit long and a bit of a mess.

This is on its way to a Featured Article, if you ask me, but you should:
 * Reference it. Seriously, there are practically no references in a 45 KB article. Anything of this length needs inline references or at least mentions of the sources in the text. Facts in this monster are very hard to check.
 * Clean it up a bit. Think about keeping it around 25KB and moving some sections to their own articles.
 * Get rid of weasel words. Read this: Avoid_weasel_words.

I feel rather bad about failing your nomination, but I just don't think it's quite there yet. You should put some effort into this piece and aim for FA status, if you ask me. Thank you for making this article! -- Mstroeck 14:19, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Urban Renewal Authority
Some of the information are moved to Urban Renewal Authority as it is more related to this article. Shrimp wong 03:51, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

More cleanup on the way
Does anyone know the reclamation scheme name? If it is the Praya Reclamation Scheme then the year is likely off. Benjwong 07:42, 24 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Looks to be cleaned up. It was also the "praya east" reclamation. Benjwong 20:16, 28 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I have been cleaning up grammar, and its good to see the 80 storey mosque is no longer there. But we still need more text on the Administrative and political aspects, such as what all the constituencies are called and who are the elected representatives, otherwise it would fail the broad in coverage rule for GA. Removing the expand tag does not expand the section! Another thing to clean up is the list of important roads.  This should all be included as prose, as some is already. Graeme Bartlett 13:26, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Perhaps the "need expansion" area should not be a section at all. I am more than welcome to move the sentence to the intro and let it be. I think you are looking for something bigger like a political affiliation with some representatives. I am not sure the small area of Wan Chai has any special administrative policies compared to other districts. Benjwong 13:36, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I am not expecting any more than the name of the constituencies and representatives. Also the Wan Chai Church of Christ — is this the Church of Christ in China Wanchai Church next to the Hopewell Centre? (at http://www.wcc.org.hk/html/home.asp).  If so this is not primarily for Filipino's, but mostly for Cantonese speakers.  So the sentence in the Religion section should be amended if this is the Church talked about. A good source of local history can be found in the documents found at government reports online Graeme Bartlett 15:07, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

I have deleted the two sentences about the churches. Most of the religious section was not written by me. I have done some research, and it is difficult to say whether a church is for any particular group. So is either we mention it very very anonymously or we delete it. Either way is fine cause they are currently just red links with no articles. Benjwong 21:04, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

About the constituencies info, after doing some looking around, I am not sure there is a select group that watches over Wan Chai. Going one step up, anyone that manages Wan Chai district probably belong in the Wan Chai district article instead. I'll throw a question out at wikiproject HK to see if anyone can assist. Benjwong 21:04, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I had assumed you were from the area or familiar with it. I have visited there many times, but I am not an expert.  Take a look at  for proposed boundaries.  With a street directory, you could work it out.  On the church front, they could be mentioned with out having a wikilink.  Not every church will get an article, but can easily be in a local article like this one. Graeme Bartlett 22:46, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

My understanding is that Wan Chai district is the one with exact boundaries worth putting up like this, but that is a separate article. I have emailed the towns people once, they suggested electorial lines can change yearly. I have a lot of maps, none of them draw an exact boundary of where Wan Chai starts or ends. I am going to delete the 3 constituencies statement because that can be misleading especially with the half constituency. You raised a good point. For simplicity purpose, we should only say 11 constituencies are part of Wan Chai district, and mention no more. I am not from Wan Chai. Just happen to be improving the quality of another article. Benjwong 13:29, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Constituency area
I think there may be some confusion regarding what are the constituency areas of Wan Chai District. I'm not sure Wan Chai as a whole is a constituency. Take a look at this - - I think Wan Chai may consist of several constituency areas. Although personally I'm not sure out of those areas, which is officially considered part of Wan Chai. Hong Qi Gong (Talk - Contribs) 20:42, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

GA review
The article contains a wealth of information, and is reasonably well-written, though I made a few minor spelling/grammatical changes. It's mostly well-sourced, though there are a couple of gaps. The 'administration' section is very short, and unsourced. This section more information on Wan Chai District, who represents it on the city council, how does it fit into city politics, etc? 'community life', 'buildings and construction', and 'transportation', are largely short of references. The government's urban renewal projects should be sourced as well.

Consider moving the education section into it's own main section, not under 'community life'. It also seems incomplete - it largely only talks about one school, and the teacher Mo Dunmei. It seems like if there are "several renowned schools" in the district, more should be included in this section. Are the any institutions of higher education in the district?

The following line in the 'southorn activities" section seems blatantly obvious: "Some people dress very casually when taking part in these pastimes, perhaps a T-shirt, shorts and flip-flops that borderline public pajamas. People call this kind of outfit the "neighbour look"." Really? I never would've guessed what people wear when they play sports! OMG! Did Ric Romero write this section? I don't think this is necessary here,...

The images are overall very good, although I am uncertain of the point of the two images (Fleming Road and Tai Yau Arcade) near the top of the article? They don't seem to be accomplishing anything there. Why not add those to the gallery, which only currently contains two images?

I don't understand all those numbers in the 'buses' section under 'transportation' (e.g. NWFB: 2, 2A, 2X, 8, 8P, 15, 18, 18P, 19, 23, 23A, 23B, 25, 26, 38, 42, 63, 66, 81, 720, M722)? Are those bus stops? It doesn't seem very encyclopedic; the article should cover a description of the services, and some details on how they operate and such, written as prose. Details like specific bus stops and routes are unnecessary, as you can find those by reading the bus company's own brochures. Same goes for the numbers in the 'minibus' section.

There's still some rather flowerly language and weasel words in the article. These should be removed. A couple of examples (though probably not a complete list) include:

 * "world-class conference centre"
 * "Notable plays praised locally include ..."
 * "Wan Chai's street stores offer an astonishing range of shopping. Walking down Queen's Road East a number of excellent rattan and Chinese furniture shops could be encountered. Spring Garden Lane and the stretch of Johnston Road near it are great places to pick up simple clothes and bags at unbelievably competitive prices."
 * "world-class commercial complexes and skyscrapers."
 * "Throughout Wan Chai's history, construction styles have changed and grew by leaps and bounds."

Hope this helps improve the article. I will place this on hold at WP:GAC for 5 days (until September 7, 2007), and revisit it again. Feel free to contact me with any questions or clarifications. Cheers! Dr. Cash 18:53, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

GA review response
I have cleaned up just about all the weasel words and moved the education section over to the history. The two remaining issues are the administration and bus routes.

Administration
 * The administration section has been entirely cleaned out. I think there are still misunderstanding. By international standards Wan Chai district would be like a town, and Wan Chai (this article) would be an area within the town with no presentable boundaries.  You can see user Hong Qi Gong's response above. He is pretty much saying the same thing I was. Literally it covers just a few streets sitting on top of a few political constituencies. It doesn't even cover those constituencies to the exact size or borderline.  I have in my possession a number of maps, all of them outline Wan Chai district at the lowest level.  That would be 1 level higher than this article.  It is different enough from the usual state-town-district structure found in other countries that we can't quite treat it the same.
 * If I geta couple of free hours I could fix this bit up, but it may not happen till the GA is failed again. Graeme Bartlett 05:35, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * What do you have in mind? You can list the streets, but those draw a guess-etimate boundary for you at best.  Benjwong 05:43, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * What I have in mind is to name the current constituencies that overlap with Wan Chai, or have Wan Chai in their name and who represents them. Future candidates and representatives or supporters will then be keen to maintain it in the future.  Shek Tong Tsui is an example of what I did before. Graeme Bartlett 06:33, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Well if you look at the constituency maps I can say Wan Chai sits on top of B11, B10, B01. But these are electoral boundaries.  If anything these belong in the other Wan Chai district article instead.  Last time I emailed the towns people, they admit these can even change yearly.    —Preceding unsigned comment added by Benjwong (talk • contribs) 13:45, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

Bus routes
 * I can see why the route info seems unencyclopedic. So far I just relabeled it as routes, so no one is confusing the numbers as bus names etc.  Please consider that very few people own cars in HK.  Public transport info make up 95% of any transportation data. Benjwong 05:17, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * for local articles at the lowest levels it makes sense to have the transport options like bus routes listed. But I think the GA reviewer did not understand that the numbers meant route numbers. Graeme Bartlett 05:35, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah, is either have subway routes/bus routes etc or nothing. Benjwong 05:43, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I would suggest looking at the transportation sections of some other articles, such as New York City (specifically, Manhattan, which might be more relevant to this article) or London. Specific bus routes are just not very encyclopedic, as you can look up much more relevant and accurate information in published bus route guides. This section should actually be talking, in prose, about where you can go on the system (numbers are meaningless), how many passengers per day/month/year, maybe some information about the average cost of a ticket, etc? Dr. Cash 18:47, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

The article is looking much better. Though, there's still a few issues here and there. I would suggest taking a look at the Manhattan article, which is probably similar to Wan Chai in that it is also a part of a city (a borough), and not a city unto itself. Manhattan is also a currently listed good article. East End of London would also be a good article to look at, and it's also on the GA list as well. One thing to notice specifically about these articles, is the organization and the prose - notice that the sections generally do not use bulleted lists, and are mainly well-organized and constructed paragraphs. Dr. Cash 18:56, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I think there is still a misunderstanding. If we do a direct comparison, then Manhattan would be like Hong Kong, and that already has its own transport page.  Wan Chai would be similar to just a couple of streets in Manhattan.  We really can't expect Wan chai transportation section to rival the entire HK or Manhattan.  That might be too much. Mostly we are trying to get an idea of what it takes to GA a small area such as Wan Chai. Benjwong 21:11, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Then perhaps 'transportation' is just not important enough for something like Wan Chai, if it is more like a "neighborhood". I still think that things like listing bus stops in any medium (not just wikipedia) is pretty much useless to most readers without a map of where those bus stops are. From your responses, I could see now the justification for just dropping the whole transportation section as it is, moving a few notable tid bits with perhaps the 'reclamations' section, and calling it 'geography' or something similar. Describe some of the roads, and the overall layout of the area. Drop everything pertaining to mass transit, buses, minibus, and taxis, since none if it even has a reference anyway; and even if it did, it's just not that important. Maybe consider merging it with an article about greater Hong Kong, since many of the mass transit (railway and bus) connections and taxis will supercede the boundaries of Wan Chai anyway. I mean, no offense or anything; but this mostly is just meaningless and non-notable. Bus routes? Why do I need to know that the New World First Bus stops at M722, when I don't even know where M722 is (the article provides zero connection to that)? It's just wiki-cruft,... Dr. Cash 06:25, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Those numbers and letter numbers are the bus route numbers, not the bus stop numbers. The information is useful if you want to know how to get to Wan Chai by bus, and it could be expanded to say what general area each route covers.  The MTR is already well covered, and I think it is OK in the article here too.  The station is exception in the great number of exists it has.  Public transport plays a big role in the life of Hong Kong people, and a large fraction of the Wan Chai residents will be using one of the transport options every day.  So I think it is significant enough to be mentioned. The information suggested above about where the route goes (definately availbale) and numbers of passengers (may be OR) would be good. Graeme Bartlett 06:37, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Bus route info are not useful to readers outside of HK. I completely understand and agree on that. I am just trying to figure out how to draw the line and suggest "we can't have any more bus routes because we are shooting for high quality articles." The local citizens feel this is an integral part of their lifestyle. Afterall HK is 90% public transportation. Bus route info appears on a number of HK articles actually. So how we treat this one can also affect future nominees. If someone told me this would end up being the most questionable part for going GA, I would have never guessed. Benjwong 18:30, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

We should be careful with the level of details that are offered as far as something like bus routes and MTR routes are concerned. They should be mentioned, but not at a very fine grain level of information, because that would be a violation of either WP:NOT or WP:NOT. In essence, the article should not be written in a way that readers come here specifically to look for directions on how to get to and from Wan Chai. That's not the purpose of WP. Hong Qi Gong (Talk - Contribs) 19:21, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * If you want to make a heads up edit to cleanup what doesn't fit, please go right ahead. If this does go GA, we will have to treat other articles the same eventually. At the moment it seems rather harsh to delete what the local people might find useful.   Benjwong 21:01, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Hehheh, come now, locals don't need to come to English WP to figure out how to get to and from Wan Chai. I mean, seriously, Wan Chai?  Everybody knows how to get there.  It's right on the MTR map even if you don't know what bus or mini-bus to take.  Hong Qi Gong (Talk - Contribs) 21:15, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Well I'll wait till you make an edit. You can change it to whatever grainy level you feel is appropriate. I just think if it is on every locale page, there must be enough significance.  Benjwong 22:10, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm just making a suggestion. I don't think I am interested enough to devote editing time to this.  I assume the goal is to take this article to FA status, and if so, I think WP:NOT issues are going to be brought up in a FAC.  Hong Qi Gong (Talk - Contribs) 22:22, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

The article has been failed at WP:GAC as the on hold time has elapsed without issues being resolved. Please feel free to renominate it once the issues are resolved. The article is pretty close; the introduction & history section look good. Reference citations are still severely lacking in the buildings and community life sections. The organization of the transportation section is also sub-par; for the most part, it lacks good, readable prose (although the main roads and tunnels subsection appears reasonably good, the rest is just a collection of very trivial and hardly notable cruft. I also don't see why the 'external links' section has a second section after it called 'bibliography', which only contains external links anyway? This seems very redundant, and makes the article's organization look quite poor. All external links should go in the section entitled 'external links', and nowhere else; the section should be also listed at the end of the article as well.

Please feel free to renominate the article once you've addressed the issues (though I can't keep this indefinitely on hold while you debate the matter amongst yourselves).

Hope this helps improve the article! Cheers! Dr. Cash 04:07, 18 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the inputs. We'll take these info into future considerations. Benjwong 16:50, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Central a.jpg
Image:Central a.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 19:59, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

History
I removed the line (even though it is referenced):
 * When the British arrived in Colonial Hong Kong, Wan Chai began modernizing in the 1840s as a high-class commercial centre..

'Modernising' is an odd term to use - what is modern in 1840? Moreover, the source I quote, a Chinese University historian, paints a very different picture, of lowly paid outcasts from bustling Central, and part of the area as a red-light district. So if anyone can reconcile this info, please do so, or discuss here. Earthlyreason (talk) 09:25, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

Also, can someone (the author,?) clarify the line:
 * During the Japanese occupation in the 1940s, many bombardments took place.

Were these aerial bombardments? Certainly not after the original invasion. Or bombings? - also unlikely under rigid Japanese control. Earthlyreason (talk) 09:29, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wan Chai


text:
AIFL

AIFL may refer to:
 * American Indoor Football Association, professional indoor football league
 * America–Israel Friendship League, an American/Israeli non-profit
 * The Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale, art and culinary school

title: AIFL


text:
Betsy Jolas

Elizabeth Jolas (born 5 August 1926) is a Franco-American composer.

Biography
Jolas was born in Paris in 1926. Her mother, the American translator Maria McDonald, also studied singing. Together with Betsy's father, the poet and journalist Eugene Jolas, she founded and edited the magazine transition, which published over ten years most of the great names of the interwar period.

Her family settled in the United States in late 1940. While completing her general studies in New York, then specializing in music at Bennington College, she joined the Dessoff Choirs, thus discovering notably Renaissance music which was to have a lasting influence on her work.

After graduating from Bennington College, Jolas returned to Paris in 1946 to continue her studies at the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique, notably with Darius Milhaud and Olivier Messiaen. From 1971 to 1974 she served as Messiaen's assistant at the Conservatoire and was appointed herself to the faculty in 1975. She has since then also taught in the United States, at Yale, Harvard, Mills College (D. Milhaud chair), the University of California (campuses at Berkeley, Los Angeles, and San Diego), Tanglewood, and the University of Michigan.

Jolas is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters (1983) and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1995).

Her numerous works (she has been composing steadily since 1945) are written for a great variety of combinations and have been widely performed internationally by artists such as Kent Nagano, Anssi Karttunen, Claude Delangle, William Christie, Håkan Hardenberger, Antoine Tamestit, Nicolas Hodges, and Sir Simon Rattle, and leading ensembles and orchestras including the Ensemble intercontemporain, the Berlin Philharmonic, the Orchestre de Paris, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and the BBC Symphony Orchestra.

Among Jolas's notable students is the composer Robert Carl.

Style
Descriptions of Jolas’s individual style note her early experience of 16th-century polyphonic vocal music of Western Europe (in particular, the works of Orlando di Lasso), continual exploration of vocality encompassing both vocal and instrumental works, and pursuit of a flexible but steady flow free from the conventional stresses of metric pulse. Though drawn to some aesthetic aspects of the serialism of close contemporary Pierre Boulez and others, Jolas has steadfastly remained an independent figure who never adopted serial technique.

Personal life
Jolas married the physician Gabriel Illouz in 1949; the pair had three children. She retains dual U.S./French citizenship.

List of major works

 * For an extended list, see List of compositions by Betsy Jolas.

Operas

 * Le Pavillon au Bord de la Rivière (1975), chamber opera in 4 acts
 * Schliemann (1982–83), opera in 3 acts
 * Le Cyclope (1986), chamber opera in 1 act

Orchestral

 * D'un opéra de voyage (1967) for chamber orchestra
 * Quatre Plages (1967) for string orchestra
 * Well Met (1973) for string orchestra
 * Tales of a summer sea (1977) for orchestra
 * Cinq pièces pour Boulogne (1982)
 * B Day (2006) for symphony orchestra
 * A Little Summer Suite (2015)
 * Les Belles Années (The Good Years)  (2023) (World premiere 14 June 2023, LSO, Barbican, London, as a gift to Sir Simon Rattle on elevation to Conductor Emeritus of the LSO)

Solo works with orchestra or ensemble

 * Points D'Aube (1968) for viola and ensemble
 * Musique d'hiver (1971) for organ and small orchestra
 * Trois Rencontres (1973) for solo string trio and symphony orchestra
 * Stances (1978) for piano and orchestra
 * Histoires vraies (2015) double concerto for trumpet and piano
 * Side Roads (2017) for cello and string orchestra
 * b Tunes for Nicolas (2021) piano concerto for Nicolas Hodges and BBC Symphony Orchestra

Works for large ensemble

 * Figures (1965) for 9 instruments
 * J.D.E. (1966) for 14 musicians
 * D'un opéra de poupée en sept musiques (1982) for 11 instruments
 * Préludes, Fanfares, Interludes, Sonneries (1983) for wind band
 * Sonate à 8 (1998) for cello octet

Chamber music

 * Quartet Nos. 1–6 (1956–1997)
 * O Wall (1976) for wind quintet
 * Quatuor VII (Afterthoughts) (2018) for trumpet, violin, viola and cello
 * Episode No. 1–9 (1964–1990) for various solo instruments
 * B for Sonata (1973) for piano
 * Musique de jour (1976) for organ
 * Signets, hommage à Maurice Ravel (1987) for piano
 * Femme le soir (2018) for cello and piano

Chorus

 * Mass (1945) for choir, soloists and orchestra
 * Motet I–IV (1947–2002) for various voices, chorus, orchestra, ensemble
 * Enfantillages (1956) for women's or children's choir in 3 equal voices
 * L'oeil égaré dans les plis de l'obéissance au vent, cantate radiophonique (1961) for soprano, contralto, baritone, mixed choir and orchestra
 * Dans la chaleur vacante, cantate radiophonique (1963) for choir and orchestra
 * Autres enfantillages (2000) for children's or women's choir with clarinet ad libitum

Vocal

 * Mots (1963) for soprano and ensemble
 * Quartet No. 2 (1964) for soprano and string trio
 * Liring Ballade (1980) for baritone and orchestra
 * Sigrancia-Ballade (1995) for baritone and orchestra
 * L'Ascension du Mont Ventoux (2004) for soprano, narrator, flute, clarinet, violin, cello and harp

Honors

 * Officier de la Légion d'honneur (2006)
 * Prix de l'Académie Charles Cros pour l'ensemble de son œuvre (2015)
 * Officier de l'Ordre du Mérite (2003)
 * Berlin Prize (2000)
 * Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres (1985)
 * Prix International Maurice Ravel (1992)
 * Grand prix de la SACEM (1982)
 * Grand Prix de la Ville de Paris (1981)
 * Prix National de la Musique (1974)
 * Koussevitzky Prize (1974)
 * Copley Foundation award (1954)

title: Betsy Jolas


text:
NewsGuild-CWA

The NewsGuild-CWA is a labor union founded by newspaper journalists in 1933. In addition to improving wages and working conditions, its constitution says its purpose is to fight for honesty in journalism and the news industry's business practices. The NewsGuild-CWA now represents workers in a wide range of roles including editorial, technology, advertising, and others at newspapers, online publications, magazines, news services, and in broadcast. The current president is Jon Schleuss.

History
The organization's founders were Joseph Cookman an editor of the New York Post, Allen Raymond of the New York Herald Tribune and Heywood Broun of the New York World-Telegram. The inaugural chapter was based in Cleveland, Ohio, and Carl Randau was its first director from 1934 to 1940. It was originally called the American Newspaper Guild, but it simplified its name to Newspaper Guild in the 1970s to reflect the fact that it also operated outside the United States. It had expanded into Canada in the 1950s.

It became affiliated with the American Federation of Labor in 1936, then left to go into the new Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1937, when it expanded its membership to non-editorial departments. It merged with the Communications Workers of America in 1995. The Guild is also affiliated with the International Federation of Journalists.

The Guild has more than 25,000 members in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. Its membership has expanded from just journalists to many other employees of newspapers and news agencies, such as clerks who take classified ads and computer support workers. It also represents workers in a number of other industries.

In 2015, the union changed its name from Newspaper Guild to its current name, NewsGuild, to reflect that newspapers are not the only publishers of news.

In 2021, the union changed its logo to reincorporate an eye motif from the original logos back to the union's founding and to modernize the look of the union for the future.

Broun's influence
The Newspaper Guild, represented by many journalists and other written media workers since 1933, became one of the most continuous and effective media organizations in the United States. Heywood Broun was one of the most respected journalists and most popular, highly paid contributors. On August 7, 1933, Broun acknowledged the New York World-Telegram column and the progress of the newspaper's business which was successful. He evaluated the progress more closely with his bosses than any other colleague of similar economic standing. Broun wrote, "the fact that newspaper editors and owners are genial folk should hardly stand in the way of organization of a newspaper writers' union. There should be [always] one." His column has influenced journalists from many states to rise up in opposition to the newspapers' authorities and organize by publishers to show the importance of the newspaper union and expanding the foundation.

Heywood launched the Guild during the Depression according to the biography which Richard O'Connor said, "newspapermen to take a more practical view of their working conditions and organize against the rapacity of publishers". During the earlier times of the Guild, there were complaints from the "rapacious" publishers about federal regulation of minimum wages and maximum hours for newsroom workers set by the National Recovery Act. The publishers wanted an amount of money to not pay tax on from the NRA on constitutional grounds and their First Amendment rights would be prohibited if the workers were forced to restrictive management under the government as the forty-hour work week. This rallied around from Broun's call for labor union and one would speak for all newsmen and newswomen.

Status in 1942
In 1942 Henning Heldt, as a Nieman Fellow, contributed an article on the Newspaper Guild to a collection published by Nieman Fellows that year at Harvard University.

In 1934 a convention of the Guild was held in St. Paul, Minnesota. In an effort to elevate the standards of journalism, it was resolved:

"That the American Newspaper Guild strive tirelessly for integrity of news columns and the opportunity for its members to discharge their social responsibility: not stopping until the men and women who write, graphically portray or edit news have achieved freedom of conscience to report faithfully, when they occur – and refuse by distortion and suppression to create – political, economic, industrial and military wars."

Heldt described the radical past, arrival, and conservative turn of the Guild in 1942:

"The Guild's radical strength is in the New York unit. Estimated at but one-tenth of the total membership of that unit, the radical element has been able to constitute a majority in the past at most meetings by being able to command full attendance of its group. Control of the New York unit with its large membership and voting power at national conventions, equal to one-fifth of the whole Guild, gave this element a disproportionate influence."

"The Guild has established itself as a fixture in the American newspaper scene. The early period of mushrooming growth has come to an end. But the number of locals, of dues-paid members, and of signed contracts continues to grow."

"Militant and leftist in both policies and politics during its formative years, the Guild has now swung abruptly to the right, following a national referendum last fall. A conservative slate of officers was elected on a platform promising strict attention to economic activities of the Guild, strict avoidance of any radical political action."

Positing a "legend of newsmen", Heldt lamented that the Guild finished off the legend:

"The coming of the Guild has destroyed, however, the romantic legend of the profession of journalism. Gone forever are the days when the newspaperman himself, as well as the public, considered his work as something unique, a shining adventure and somewhat sanctified calling, not to be measured in terms of dollar-and-cent rewards. Newspapermen now realize their place in the economic picture. They know themselves to be skilled white-collar workers and have adopted the methods of other skilled groups to improve their economic status."

In 1970s, the union expanded its scope outside of the United States. and adopted the name of Newspaper Guild or TNG. It also collaborated with another union called the Communications Workers of America (CWA) in 1977. The combined union had hundreds of thousands of workers in telecommunications and media, and later adopted a new name, The Newspaper Guild-CWA.

Campaigns
In 1957, the Guild adopted a resolution demanding that the United States end its prohibition on the travel of American journalists to China. The Guild described the travel ban as "offensive intrusion against people's right to know in a democracy such as ours and an unwarranted hindrance of newsmen in the pursuit of their duty to keep our people informed."

On May 18, 2020, the NewsGuild launched the Save The News campaign to advocate for local news outlets as part of the federal government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Between January and August 2020, as many as 36,000 journalists had experienced pay cuts, furloughs, or layoffs.

As part of the campaign, the group has supported legislative efforts, such as S.3718, to expand access to the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) for local news outlets that have been excluded from it, as well as H.R.7640 to create tax credits incentivizing subscribing to and advertising in local newspapers.

In July 2020 NewsGuild president Jon Schleuss sent a letter to Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, noting his warning "that the local news industry is facing an extinction-level event".

On April 13, 2021, more than 650 tech workers at The New York Times announced that they were unionizing with the NewsGuild-CWA. In July 2021 the workers filed for union certification with the National Labor Relations Board. On August 11, 2021, the New York Times Tech Guild held a half-day work stoppage in protest of alleged union-busting tactics from the New York Times management for which the Guild filed at least three unfair labor practices charges with the NLRB. If the union is certified, it will be the largest union representing tech workers with collective bargaining rights in the country. The New York Times Tech Guild campaign exists within the broader context of the Campaign to Organize Digital Employees (CODE-CWA) initiative by the Communications Workers of America to organize tech, game, and digital workers in the US and Canada.

Presidents

 * 1933: Heywood Broun
 * 1940: Kenneth G. Crawford
 * 1940: Donal M. Sullivan
 * 1941: Milton Murray
 * 1947: Harry Martin
 * 1953: Joseph F. Collis
 * 1959: Arthur Rosenstock
 * 1967: James B. Woods
 * 1969: Charles Perlik
 * 1987: Charles Dale
 * 1995: Linda Foley
 * 2008: Bernie Lunzer
 * 2019: Jon Schleuss

Archives
The Walter P. Reuther Library is the official repository of The Newspaper Guild Official Archives. Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
 * Newspaper Guild Records, 1933–1973. 156.5 linear feet.
 * St. Louis Newspaper Guild Local 47 Records, 1933–1966. 10.5 linear feet.
 * Detroit Newspaper Guild Local 22 Records. 1933–2007. 67.25 linear feet.
 * Pacific Northwest Newspaper Guild Local 82 Records. 1950–1976. 6.5 linear feet.
 * Columbus Newspaper Guild Local 13 Records. 1934–1986. 5.5 linear feet.
 * Newspaper Guild of Albany, N.Y., Local 34 Records. 1936–1989. 5.25 cubic feet.

title: NewsGuild-CWA


text: Talk:Principia College

title: Talk:Principia College


text:
Colón Department

Colón Department may refer to:

 * Colón Department (Honduras)
 * Colón Department, Entre Ríos, Argentina
 * Colón Department, Córdoba, Argentina
 * Colón Department (Colombia)

title: Colón Department


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Infamous Hacks

Please do not delete or re-direct page until June 15. I would appreciate if you give our professor the time to look at it and grade it before you do anything. Thanks for your understanding.

 * I'm sorry, but this is not acceptable. Wikipedia is not a place for you to put up assignments or term papers. It is either a legitimate article or it's not and will be treated accordingly. --khaosworks 18:01, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)