text:
User talk:Lenthe

Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  20:23, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

Srinivasa ramanujam
TAKE A LOOK AT THE TALK PAGE BEFORE U ASK OTHERS TO!!!
 * I am sorry, I missed that. But please next time make a reference to the talk page in the Edit Summary. I will explain on the Talk page then why I believe that the Tamil name should be really there. --Lenthe 08:38, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Punctuation
Aloha. Instead of writing done, you can just remove the entry that you've finished and note that you've completed it in the edit summary. --Viriditas | Talk 10:14, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Edit summary
When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labelled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this: The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See m:Help:Edit summary for full information on this feature. When you leave the edit summary blank, some of your edits could be mistaken for vandalism and may be reverted, so please always briefly summarize your edits, especially when you are making subtle but important changes, like changing dates or numbers. Thank you. Oleg Alexandrov 15:23, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

USS McCawley
Let's talk about the changes you've made to this index/disambig. The 'pedia has literally hundreds of these ships' index articles, primarily created by members of the WikiProject Ships. If you'd like to recommend changes to the format of such articles, I suggest doing so on the project page. Thanks. Jinian 10:45, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, I will refrain from making changes to these ship index pages. They are of course quite good, I just would like to see them more conform the (minimalist) disambig standard. As you must have noted there is some tendency on wikipedia to overload disambig pages with information and links up to the point that they become articles themselves, which is certainly not their function. But ok, there are more important things to focus on, and of course consistency between the different Ships disambig pages is important as well...
 * I see your point, and it's a good one. Back in the beginning, the ship "index" pages had the complete histories of each ship. Then it was decided to give each ship her own page, and include only some historical information on the index page. So, you're really taking this to the next step. I'm not saying that I necessarily disagree, just that the change should be discussed with the larger project audience that will be creating most of the pages. Jinian 12:09, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Capitalization
Honestly, I'm not aware. I've have a tendency to capitalize a lot, mostly automatically (it is similar to my tendency to automatically confuse has and as/this and these/its and it's, although I know where each word is used). As it is the name of a dish, I capitalize it. Really, I don't even know if it is a rule in English (in Portuguese, the rule is: if we are talking about the subject and describing a subject we capitalize it). At least the British variety also tends to capitalize things... I'm more worried with the spelling errors or readability of my text. I often confuse different grammars… or I'm just thinking about the subject and I don't take much care about text style, has I'm often reading and adapting information, or taking it from memory, so I don't have much time for "text styling". More, I like to see people editing my text, so I don't take to much care in sp. errors. :) -Pedro 15:44, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Fourier
Hi. Why did you move Fourier? It doesn't seem like a good idea. William M. Connolley 14:19:50, 2005-08-04 (UTC).

L'Hospital
If you're going to rename the page on Guillaume de l'Hôpital (which I agree was a good idea), you need to go find the "double redirects", which are pages that redirect to the old name, and fix them so that they now redirect to the new name. See what links here and How_to_rename_%28move%29_a_page. Thanks. -- Dominus 15:35, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

And similarly for Joseph Fourier and anything else you might have renamed. -- Dominus 15:39, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, yes. I started reediting the double redirects on both but I guess I got bored somewhere half-way. I'll finish the job soon. Greetings, lt. --Lenthe 17:48, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It is boring, isn't it? -- Dominus 09:12, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I wish their was some kind of semi-automatic way to do it... e.g. a page which shows you all suggested redirect changes and a simple checkbox next to all of them (change: yes/no). --Lenthe 09:32, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

Translation request
Hi. I wrote the article Regent Parrot mostly by translating the Dutch article at nl:Bergparkiet. There were some words etc. where my Dutch let me down, and those remain commented out. I'd appreciate it if you could edit the article and finish the translation. Thanks for your time and attention. Cheers, Tom e rtalk 09:58, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
 * If you looked in on the article, thanks for your time...my questions have been answered. :-) Tom e rtalk  20:53, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

VWN en WCN
Beste Lenthe Al enige tijd is er een Nederlandstalig chapter in oprichting, te vinden op http://nl.wikimedia.org. Dit wordt de Vereniging Wikimedia Nederland (VWN). Je kunt je interesse om lid te worden van deze vereniging hier aangeven.

Deze vereniging gaat eind augustus/begin september een Wikimedia Conferentie in Nederland (WCN) houden, volgend op Wikimania in Boston, gedeeltelijk erop inspelend middels een aantal discussiegroepen. Om iets dergelijks te organiseren is imput erg gewenst. Dus als je wilt meehelpen, of als je interesse hebt om bij een dergelijk evenement aanwezig te zijn, geef dat dan aan op nl.wikimedia. Ik hoop daar snel je imput tegemoet te zien! Met vriendelijke groet, effeietsanders 16:32, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Quadratic reciprocity etc.
Thanks for pointing this out: I did not know that Gauss used the notation. However, I do not think that is sufficient reason for taking it out.

The "R" and "N" notation are much clearer than the usual mathematical notation. Please remember, this is a general encyclopedia, not one for mathematicians. So it is important that the beginning of each article states succinctly in terms that the general reader will understand.

I'd appreciate if you would edit and improve my edits, rather than peremptorily remove them.

Thanks

 * Johnbibby 14:51, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Lenthe


text:
Talk:Lena Hades

Untitled
Is this artist notable enough for Wikipedia? Google search finds 167 results, but many of these have similar wording and have been inserted into various directories. --Macrakis 20:23, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Yes, the artist is notable enough -- Koenemann Publishing House used as the cover for the monography about Nietzsche Hades' painting -- Zarathustra and Dwarf. The book was published in seven languages in Germany and abroad. The works of the artist are in various museums, the Russian Academy of Science has published the Nietzsche's book Also sprach Zarathustra with 20 reproductions of Hades works and on the cover of the book there is the Hades' painting Eagle and Snake from Zarathustrian cycle. 213.141.159.69

Note: the article itself was posted by 213.141.159.69

Is Chimaeras a major artwork, or series? It has been removed from the dab article Chimera on the ground that it is not explicitly mentioned in this article. Septentrionalis 05:32, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

About the Hades birth day I found it here - http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=19591002 Rohlinae (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 15:11, 22 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120918144949/http://themoscownews.com/society/20101206/188258696.html to http://themoscownews.com/society/20101206/188258696.html
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COI tag (June 2022)
Chris Troutman ( talk ) 18:45, 29 June 2022 (UTC)

 * I don't know who it is, just a strange man (or woman) wrote that I am related to Hades herself. He (or she) must see Russian Wikipedia and all MY contributions made by me for Wikipedia!! Or he(she) is blind? Or just a paranoid everywhere looking for Lena Hades !? It's insane. A very strange person indeed. Vika007 (talk) 07:53, 30 June 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Lena Hades


text:
User talk:Mnewmanqc

Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  20:23, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

New York English
So you want to remove all information on the facts on the Three Main Accents of New York City? You don't want to do only original research, you want to change past history and what is accepted. You shouldn't use wikipedia as a way to change things and rename stuff. 65.42.87.249 00:06, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

You really showed your ignorance with the Trump and Guliani comment. To speak an New York Irish accent, you do not have to be Irish-American. It's not about ethnicity, it's about the way a person talks. Colin Quinn is Irish, but he does not speak with an New York Irish accent, his accent is more New York Jewish.

You also say you do not think something should be included because of what the majority of New Yorkers believe, but what you want to do is put in what you believe. Why is what you, one person, not from New York, believe more important than what has been accepted by New Yorkers in New York City? 65.42.87.249 00:14, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I didn't spell street wrong. I put that people pronounce street as shtreet sometimes. TeckWiz 02:29, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

"House" vowel
I made my best guess from the phonetic pronunciation that had been there originally. The trouble is that growing up in Central NJ I never actually heard a Piney accent, so I had no first-hand memory of it to go on. But thank you. I value your professional opinion.

I have recently developed a more focused interest in your field -- sociolinguistics in general, not necessarily your specific area of interest. Are there any good introductory books you can recommend to a layman? TCC (talk) (contribs) 21:08, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

I, like, agree
at least partially. (P.S. My initial remark was neither directed to you, nor your post, in case you didn't notice.) dr.ef.tymac 15:26, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

New York Dialect
Hey, what's a good way to learn the accent of New York? I can't exactly afford to go there for a few yrs but I haven't found too much in Australia..there are a few tapes here and there but it doesn't feel serious enough..i wanna learn to tɔɪk like them.. and I am an actor and many plays do use American accents with a lot of New Yorkese ones..Domsta333 12:41, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Dialects guidelines
It's an awful lot of work to start and maintain a new WikiProject, so I've decided to raise the issue at WikiProject Languages, which deals with a lot of the same issues. See Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Languages for my proposal. Thanks.--Pharos 04:40, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

Baltimore
You might be interested in the discussion at the bottom of Talk:Baltimorese. AJD 04:09, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

New Jersey English Talk Page
Please don't take what I'm about to say as a personal attack; I'm only observing what I saw. You may be a great linguist, but you're not the best mediator. Here's a few things that you said: "Mrblondnyc, can we just let Thegryseone have the last word (before me) and just drop this as fruitless. Thegryseone, can we have your silence on this issue and can you consider this over without necessarily taking Mrblondnyc's silence as aquiesence?" Now it's true that you may be trying to hide your favoritism, but clearly you do have some favoritism towards Mrblondnyc. Let's look at the pronouns you used. In the first sentence you wrote, "Mrblondnyc, can we". Already, you're trying to show Mrblondnyc that you're on his side, while at the same time excluding me, by using the first person plural pronoun we. You're also trying to suggest that I'm the immature one, by saying, "can we just let Thegryseone have the last word (before me) and just drop this as fruitless." You're trying to put yourself and Mrblondnyc in the "mature adult" group and me in the "immature" group. You forget that Mrblondnyc has been involved in this "drama" as much as I have (in fact, he's the one who started it in the first place); he's continued to try to have the last word after everything I've written. In the second sentence, you use we again; however, this time rather than using it to mean you and I, you use it once again to mean you and Mrblondnyc. You wrote, "Thegryseone, can we have your silence". Clearly, you were referring to you and someone else, in this case Mrblondnyc, wanting my silence. Once again, you are implying that I'm the troublemaker, and that you are all for Mrblondnyc. In the future, if you're going to be a mediator, please don't show favoritism in any form as you did here, and in doing so make one party feel excluded. Once again, this is not a personal attack; I have nothing against you as an editor. It's fine with me if you don't respond, but I had to state my case. Thanks. Thegryseone (talk) 02:15, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

Oh yeah, and I do take Mrblondnyc's silence as aquiesence. There's no way a mediator can prevent an editor from taking another editor's silence as aquiesense, so I don't understand why you bothered to write that. That's a bit silly. Thegryseone (talk) 02:30, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

 * My goal was to end the back and forth, mediate if you want to call it that. In any case, I had to say "let him have the last word" because at that moment that you had made the last comment. If he had, then I would have had to ask you to let him have the last word. You're right in a way, I was trying to take his point of view, to decide which would be his perspective, and obviously from his perspective, you were in the wrong. As for my position, let me say this. You have made a really great contribution to both NY and NJ pages, really cleaned them up and improved them. However, in this dispute, you have been thin skinned, too defensive, and to quick to attack. I have absolutely no idea who you are, but I suspect you are a lot younger than me, so I'm gonna play that card: Do you want to get all upset every time you get a slight in your life?  It's just a wikipedia page. There are all kinds of haters out there. None of it matters.  I'll repeat this on your page, but if you don't want it there, just erase it afterwards. mnewmanqc (talk) 02:40, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

New York City English
I was just trying to make the point that if someone grows up in the New York City dialect area, then I think we have to call his/her accent a NYC accent, no matter what it actually sounds like. Everyone in New York City has an accent and it always will be that way as long as people still live there (people who aren't mute, that is). The New York City accent can never disappear unless New York City disappears. Some people might say that some upper class New Yorkers speak "General American", but I don't believe in the existence of "General American", so that's impossible. Thegryseone (talk) 04:33, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

The Bronx
Happy to award you the Barnstar. It's so often we take folks for granted.

You might want to look at the Huuuuge Talk:Bronx debate about whether the article should be titled The Bronx or Bronx. Never has so much verbiage been spilled about 3 little letters. Mostly civilly, though.Bellagio99 (talk) 00:24, 23 September 2010 (UTC)

New Jersey English
Hey, I'd like to move New Jersey English to English dialects of New Jersey given that there is no such thing as a New Jersey dialect as such. Are you opposed or do you have a different suggestion? You can respond there, but I'll watch bothe here and there. Thanks. μηδείς (talk) 01:33, 11 June 2011 (UTC)
 * It occurs to me New Jersey English dialects will also work. μηδείς (talk) 01:35, 11 June 2011 (UTC)
 * also ok with me as I said on the talk page.

 * I have no problem with that. On the contrary, I've never liked the NJ English title. However, I imagine some opposition from others. mnewmanqc (talk) 06:32, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

A proposito
Tu interes en el espanol de Nueva York me fascina. Lo aprendi yo trabajando como cocinero con inmigrantes ilegales y en las calles de Mott Haven y University Heights. Que historias podria contarte. μηδείς (talk) 16:53, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

New York Dialect
Thanks for headsup. Perhaps I'm too busy getting deadlined work done, but I didnt/dont see it as an edit war, but just routine reversion. Will be more attentive in the future.

Thanks,MNe for doing this. Can you revert back to dialect? I don't know how to. Bellagio99 (talk) 17:19, 27 August 2013 (UTC)

I can, but I'm waiting for a discussion to happen or not. Personally, I'd rather have NYC English, but we had that discussion earlier, and I got no support for it. mnewmanqc (talk) 00:24, 28 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Got your message. I understand and am with you. Bellagio99 (talk) 19:59, 28 August 2013 (UTC)

Sorry, I don't know how to handle Requests to Move. Your solution seems a good possibility. Bellagio99 (talk) 12:53, 1 September 2013 (UTC)

New York accent
But regardless of what the word "accent" literally means, isn't New York City English still most popularly and historically referred to as a "New York accent"? The latter phrase gets nearly 3000 more hits on Google Scholar, just as a quick example. According to Article titles, for an article title, "Wikipedia prefers the name that is most commonly used." Wolfdog (talk) 02:55, 31 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Good point. But what I'd say is that the way you phrased it, it came out as a synonym, which it isn't in fact, however popular the term is. I think it would be helpful to say the point as you made it here. The only problem is that the editing specifications say "no original research." So I'm not sure how you can get your point in. Of course "New York Accent" redirects to this article in any case. mnewmanqc (talk) 03:03, 31 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Yeah. I'm now pondering adding the phrase in the first sentence as "--,popularly labeled the New York accent,--" or under "Linguistic features" putting something about the phonology being considered "a New York accent." But this all seems too forced, I would think. Wolfdog (talk) 03:42, 31 January 2014 (UTC)

US English Dialect Page Titles (revived?)
You might have an interest in contributing to this discussion: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Languages. Wolfdog (talk) 14:52, 1 August 2014 (UTC)

New York Latino English
Hey, noticing that you have an interest in New York Latino English, I was wondering if any studies have been done about that dialect outside of the city itself. I've seen one source that calls it "East Coast Latino" English/dialect, and I'm wondering if that is becoming a more accurate name. I've worked a lot in the Hartford metropolitan area and have heard a very noticeable Hispanic dialect (which to me, sounds equivalent to NYLE) in this region, but it's hard for me to find academic sources that talk about a "Hartford Latino English" or any similar Latino ethnolect outside of NYC; in other words, I haven't found any source that seems to designate the regional boundaries of NYLE. However, it seems to be an urban/ethnic phenomenon beyond just NYC (and maybe even beyond Greater NYC). Do you have any info (or even thoughts) on this? Wolfdog (talk) 18:27, 12 July 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm not aware of any studies beyond NYC and Miami. Describing dialect boundaries is hard particularly for non-White varieties, but there are definitely distinctly NYCE features in NYLE, such as raised THOUGHT. I wouldn't want to say it's the same as what is spoken outside the NY metro area. mnewmanqc (talk) 19:17, 12 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Yeah I agree with all of what you're saying. However, I wonder if this Hartford ethnolect is branching off from speakers originally of New York City/Hispanic origin, since I hear an obvious relationship there (clear "L" sounds, a mix of AAVE and NYCE grammar and phonological features like non-rhoticity, etc.). But your hesitance to call it "the same" is totally understandable but also even more interesting, because it suggests that urban East Coast areas outside of NYC, like Hartford, may be developing their own varieties. (I was just wondering if you knew of any connections of NYLE to Hartford. For example, I've read about a Latino variety's emergence in North Carolina here.) Wolfdog (talk) 16:26, 13 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Likely, but we don't know. Until someone does some research on it, and I don't think anyone has. Looking for a dissertation topic or at least an article? ;) mnewmanqc (talk) 19:17, 13 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Haha. Right now I more enjoy reading the research than doing it. Wolfdog (talk) 20:53, 13 July 2015 (UTC)
 * You read [] yet? I heard it's highly entertaining if a bit overpriced. mnewmanqc (talk) 20:58, 13 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Hmmm... no, I haven't. Wolfdog (talk) 16:20, 14 July 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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PALMS of New York
There's some confusion at Talk:New York City English article about the status of the father-bother merger in New York. Can you help clarify? AJD (talk) 03:11, 19 November 2016 (UTC)

Reference errors on 19 November
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 * On the New York City English page, [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=750434027 your edit] caused a broken reference name (help) . ([ Fix] | [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Help_desk&action=edit&section=new&preload=User:ReferenceBot/helpform&preloadtitle=Referencing%20errors%20on%20%5B%5BSpecial%3ADiff%2F750434027%7CNew York City English%5D%5D Ask for help])

Back vowel chain shift on New York English
Hello, sir. Currently, on the New York English page, it speaks of a back chain vowel shift. As I couldn't find this anywhere else on the web, I doubt it's factual, but there was a debate on that talk page. So, only for my own sake, I wish for some clarity. Thank you. 74.102.216.186 (talk) 02:04, 20 November 2016 (UTC)

Reliability
Hello. I beg your pardon, sir. On the page New York City English, there seems to be a source used whose reliability I question. Given that you have worked with this subject longer than I have, you probably would know better than me. The source is listed as follows: Do you happen to know if this source is reliable? I'm asking because I have no idea. Thank you.LakeKayak (talk) 16:09, 28 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Gordon, Matthew (2004) "New York, Philadelphia and other Northern Cities" in Kortmann, Bernd & Schneider, Edgar W. (Eds.) A Handbook of Varieties of English: Volume 1: Phonology Walter de Gruyter ISBN 3-11-017532-0

 * Yes, Matt Gordon is a well respected sociolinguist. He's not actually an expert in NYCE (as I'm sure he'd be the first to tell you), but he's definitely an expert in the field in general. mnewmanqc (talk) 16:56, 28 December 2016 (UTC)

Thank you, sir.LakeKayak (talk) 20:07, 28 December 2016 (UTC)

New York City English: Back vowel chain shift
I beg your pardon, sir. I have one question about the back vowel chain shift in New York. The page New York City English says as follows:

"The result of the shift is that cart in New York sounds similar to cot/caught in Boston or caught in General American, with its round-lipped vowel."

Is this accurate? To my knowledge, the resultant vowel in "cart" is much lower. Either way, I am confused. So, any insight would be helpful. Thank you.LakeKayak (talk) 13:08, 2 January 2017 (UTC)
 * I agree. There's a difference between car and 'cart I think it's in my book somewhere, but maybe not. Can't remember. However, it is here: . Feel free to make the change. I prefer to have someone else cite my work rather than me. And please what's it with the sir''s. We're all editors in this role. mnewmanqc (talk) 13:43, 2 January 2017 (UTC)

It seems you report a higher F1 value for the /ɑɹ/ vowel, as a rough approximation 700 Hertz. According to the page Formant is approximate F1 value of /ɔ/ is 500 Hertz. So, therefore, according to my interpretation of your works, which may not be accurate, the New York /ɑɹ/ is quite differently from the General American /ɔ/. That helps. Thank you.LakeKayak (talk) 18:15, 2 January 2017 (UTC)
 * There is some overlap on a vowel chart, but the /r/ coloring, mainly involving a lowering of F3, means that perceptually, there is no overlap. It doesn't sound like [ɔɹ], more like [ʌɹ]. mnewmanqc (talk) 09:33, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

I beg your pardon. I fail to understand you. Could you please elaborate? Thank you.LakeKayak (talk) 17:40, 6 January 2017 (UTC)
 * The first two formant values are related to actual physical properties associated with moving the tongue up and down and back and forth, but they're only part of what goes into the full acoustics of the sound and the way that acoustics is processed. The r-coloring is associated with the lowering of F3, but I don't know any more than that. mnewmanqc (talk) 17:46, 6 January 2017 (UTC)

Use of labiodental approximant in New York City English
On the page, Pronunciation of English ⟨r⟩, it says that this consonant is sometimes used as an allophone for. Is this accurate? You probably would know better than I would, on this one. Thank you.LakeKayak (talk) 17:44, 6 January 2017 (UTC)
 * I have no data on that. Sorry. mnewmanqc (talk) 18:20, 6 January 2017 (UTC)

That's all right. Thank you for your input, anyway.LakeKayak (talk) 18:53, 6 January 2017 (UTC)

Lexical sets
I beg your pardon. I saw your edit on the page Lexical set. It didn't dawn on me initially, but in the end, I only feel it may be misleading to say that the TRAP set does not have the tensed /æ/ in split dialects of American English. The short-a split sometimes tenses words that are not in the RP BATH class. However, at the same time, I have respect for you as an editor. So if you object, by all means, I wish to hear your point of view. Thank you.LakeKayak (talk) 17:38, 10 January 2017 (UTC)
 * right, but the sets don't necessarily have all the same words in each dialect. Words that are tense are by definition BATH words in the dialect that has them mnewmanqc (talk) 17:40, 10 January 2017 (UTC)

I may still find it a little misleading, but I can see your side. Either content will do for the page.LakeKayak (talk) 17:49, 10 January 2017 (UTC)
 * It's just the way lexical sets work; the set for Australia and southern UK are different too.

In any case, I originally reverted your edit. I think I probably should reinstate your changes. Thank you for your help.LakeKayak (talk) 20:58, 10 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Please do.

Done.LakeKayak (talk) 21:03, 10 January 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mnewmanqc


text:
Bog spavin

Bog spavin is a swelling of the tibiotarsal joint of the horse's hock which, in itself, does not cause lameness. The joint becomes distended by excess synovial fluid and/or thickened synovial tissue bringing about a soft, fluctuant swelling on the front of the joint, as well as in the medial and lateral plantar pouches. Bog spavin is generally an indication of underlying pathology within the joint.

Causes
Bog spavin is a physical finding, and does not directly create lameness. Causes include synovitis (inflammation of the lining of the joint capsule), degenerative joint disease, or excessive strain of the joint capsule. In horses younger than the age of three, most cases of bog spavin are caused by a defect in the tibiotarsal joint, while in older, fully mature horses, it is most likely because of chronic strain of the joint capsule. Infection of the joint causes a severe synovitis, and should be treated as an emergency.

Many horses with bog spavin will not be lame. However, bog spavin can be a sign that the horse has joint disease, which is a very significant finding. Usually lameness will occur if the workload of the horse is increased. Bog spavin should not be treated lightly, and it is best to have a veterinarian examine the horse to find the cause, even if the horse does not appear lame.

Unlike bone spavin, bog spavin does not show any changes to the bone itself. For this reason it is considered to be of no interest to those studying animal paleopathology (Baker and Brothwell, 1980).

Management
A veterinarian will usually radiograph the hocks of the horse to check for bony changes as it is important to address the underlying cause of the joint distension. It's important to have a veterinarian perform an equine prepurchase exam to identify an existing condition such as a bog spavin. If the bog spavin is drained then it will simply refill unless the underlying cause has healed or been treated. In many cases it may be difficult to achieve resolution of the distension. Treatment may involve injection of corticosteroids or hyaluronan into the joint and some cases may require arthroscopic surgery. Rest or controlled exercise is often indicated.

title: Bog spavin


text:
User talk:NightWolfe

Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  20:24, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

Advertising
I don't much care whether you convinced another editor that your link there is appropriate -- it's obviously and blatantly and ad, and hence is not. Wikipedia does not exist for you to promote your business. RadicalSubversiv E 00:41, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

well please remove the other 9 links above it that are doing the exact same thing .. my entry falls well within the rules .. just like the other 9 external links there .. if you remove mine you need to remove the other ones there as well ...

title: User talk:NightWolfe


text:
User talk:ZAmodeo

Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  20:25, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:ZAmodeo


text: User talk:18.33.1.71

title: User talk:18.33.1.71


text:
China Girl

China Girl may refer to:

Music

 * "China Girl" (song), a 1977 song by David Bowie and Iggy Pop, rerecorded and released as a single by Bowie in 1983
 * "China Girl", a song by John Cougar, released in 1982 on the album American Fool
 * "China Girl", a song by the group The 411 from their album Between the Sheets
 * "China Girl", a single by Afric Simone

Other uses

 * China girl (filmmaking), an image appearing in reel leaders to assist with color calibration
 * China Girl (1942 film), starring Gene Tierney and George Montgomery
 * China Girl (1987 film), a 1987 film directed by Abel Ferrara
 * China Girl (manga), a manga serialised in Big Comic
 * Top of the Lake: China Girl, the second season of the Australian-New Zealand series Top of the Lake

title: China Girl


text: Category:Peers of Scotland

title: Category:Peers of Scotland


text: Category:Dukes in the Peerage of Scotland


text:
Henrique Galvão

Henrique Carlos da Mata Galvão (4 February 1895 – 25 June 1970) was a Portuguese military officer, writer and politician. He was initially a supporter but later become one of the strongest opponents of the Portuguese Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar.

Career
On 1 August 1934 he was created a Grand-Officer of the Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ.

In the 1940s, while serving as the Angolan Deputy to the Portuguese National Assembly, Henrique Galvão read his "Report on Native Problems in the Portuguese Colonies" at the Assembly. In this report, Galvão condemned the "shameful outrages" he had uncovered under the then "Statute of the Indigenous", notably the forced labour of "women, of children, [and] of decrepit old men." He concluded that, in Angola, "only the dead are really exempt from forced labor". Furthermore, he stated that as many as 30% of all Angolan forced labourers died. Galvão cited the government's policy of replacing deceased native workers, without directly charging the employer, as being instrumental in encouraging the poor care of the workers. Galvão further noted that this practice would often then result in their death, and said that this state policy, which differed from policy in other colonial societies, eliminated the employer's incentive to maintain the welfare of the workers. He therefore accused the Portuguese government, due to its colonial policies, of the elimination of native workers in Angola. The Portuguese government rejected these accusations and ignored Galvão's report. While as a Minister, he was responsible for the launching of the historical documentaries presented for decades until his death by José Hermano Saraiva.

Galvão was arrested in 1952. He was compulsorily retired from his military career, where he was an Army Captain, but was awarded a state pension. In 1959, he escaped from Portugal to Venezuela, where he continued to oppose the Estado Novo at that time.

Shortly before the Portuguese Colonial War, on 22 January 1961, Galvão led the Santa Maria hijacking, also known as Operation Dulcinea. The hijackers seized the ship and took command of the vessel under Galvão's leadership. In this process, they isolated the vessel by cutting off all communication, killing one officer and wounding several others. Galvão used the hijacking to send radio broadcasts from the ship calling attention to his concerns and views on what he characterized as the fascist Portuguese regime. The event received wide international press coverage. It is understood that the hijackers forced the captain of the ship, Mário Simões Maia, along with crew members, to redirect the ship's course. One of the hijackers, Camilo Mortágua, needlessly and with the reproval of Galvão, shot and killed the third mate, João José da Conceição Costa. The liner, rebaptized Santa Liberdade, evaded both the U.S. Navy and British Royal Navy for eleven days before docking safely at Recife, Brazil. On 2 February 1961, the hijackers were met by Brazilian officials off the coast of Recife. After negotiating with Brazilian officials, Galvão released the ship's passengers in exchange for his own political asylum in Brazil. Galvão later said that his original intentions for the operation were to sail the ship to the Portuguese overseas province of Angola, where he had planned to declare the independence of Angola from the Portuguese government, in opposition to António de Oliveira Salazar's regime. Galvão remained exiled in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, where he died in 1970. He was buried in a monumental grave at the Prazeres Cemetery, in Lisbon, in the very same cemetery where the third mate killed during the Santa Maria hijacking also lies in a memorial grave.

On 7 November 1991 he was posthumously awarded with the Grand-Cross of the Order of Liberty.

Writings
Henrique Galvão's writing can be seen in famous published works, including the five-volume 1933 study Da vida e da morte dos bichos: subsídios para o estudo da fauna de Angola e notas de caça (Of Animals Life and Death: Contributions to the Study of the Fauna of Angola and Hunting Notes), co-authored with Teodósio Cabral and Abel Pratas, and Outras Terras, Outras Gentes. Galvão's account of the Santa Maria hijacking was translated into English as Santa Maria: My Crusade for Portugal (New York, 1961).

Complete written work without a translation of the work's title.

 * Huíla: Relatório de Govêrno, 1929
 * Em terra de pretos (Crónicas d'Angola), 1929
 * Nacionalização de Angola: conferência, 1929
 * "La Presse Coloniale et le probleme du travail indigene", 1931
 * "Revolução, peça em 3 actos, 1931
 * História do nosso tempo: João de Almeida (sua obra e acção), 1931 (2.ª edição, 1934)
 * O poeta Lopes Vieira em Africa e o seu Relatorio, Edição do autor, 1932
 * "Informação Económica sôbre Angola", 1932
 * "As feiras de amostras coloniais", 1932
 * "As embalagens no comércio com as Colónias", 1932
 * O vélo d'oiro: romance colonial (co-escrito com Eduardo Malta), ediç. Francisco Franco, 1932
 * "Um critério de povoamento europeu nas Colónias", 1933
 * "Galícia en el poblamiento de las colonias portuguesas", 1933
 * "A função colonial, razão de ser da nacionalidade", 1934
 * "Álbum comemorativo da Primeira Exposição Colonial Portuguesa", 1934
 * No rumo do Império. Ilustrações de Carlos Carneiro. Porto, Litografia Nacional, 1933? 1934?
 * Terras do Feitiço (contos africanos), 1934
 * Da vida e da morte dos bichos: subsídios para o estudo da fauna de Angola e notas de caça. Com Teodósio Cabral e Abel Pratas. 5 vols., Lisboa, Livraria Popular de Francisco Franco, 1934
 * Vol. I - Elefantes e Rinocerontes
 * Vol. II - O Hipopótamo, A Girafa, O Crocodilo, Os Javalis
 * Vol. III - O Leão
 * Vol. IV - Búfalos, Gorila, Leopardos, Antílopes, etc.
 * Vol. V - Narrativas de Caça Grossa em África

 * "Primeira Exposição Colonial Portuguesa", 1935
 * "O povoamento europeu nas Colónias Portuguesas", 1935
 * "Portugal Colonial" (6 vol.), 1931-37
 * "Dembos" (2 vol.), 1935
 * "O povoamento europeu nas colónias portuguesas, 1935 (2.ª edição, 1936)
 * "Como se faz um homem, peça em 4 actos", 1935
 * "O velo d'oiro. Fantasia colonial em 3 actos" (adaptação teatral do romance do autor pelo próprio e João da Silva Tavares), 1936
 * O sol dos trópicos: (romance colonial), Henrique Galvão, 1936, 322 p.
 * "Angola (Para uma nova política colonial)", 1.º volume, 1937
 * "Fisionomia do passado, aspectos de presente. Da ocupação...", 1937
 * "Ronda do Império", 1937
 * O Império. Lisboa, Secretariado de Propaganda Nacional, 1938
 * "Colonos, peça de 1 acto", 1939
 * O Império na Literatura Portuguesa, 1939
 * "Clima de guerra, ao microfone da Emissora Nacional", 1939
 * "Álbum Comemorativo da Secção Colonial da E. M. P.", 1940
 * "Portugal, 1940: álbum comemorativo fundação : festas de...". Com Eduardo Malta e Manuel Lapa, 1940
 * "Zonas colonizáveis de Angola", 1940
 * Ronda de África: Outras terras, outras gentes. Viagens em Moçambique. Com Fausto Sampaio, 2 vols., Porto, Jornal de Notícias, 1941 e 1942
 * "Bissaya Barreto". Tradução do livro em Francês de Pierre Goemaere, 1942
 * "A caça no império português". Com António Montês e José Arantes de Freitas Cruz, 1943-45
 * Kurika: romance dos bichos do mato, 1944
 * Impala: romance dos bichos do mato, 1946
 * "Irreverência?: (Notas à margem da política e dos costumes), 1946
 * Antropófagos. Porto, editado pelo Jornal de Notícias, 1947 (2.ª ed., Lisboa, Livraria Popular Francisco Franco, 1974)
 * "101 clichés fotográficos de Alvão, Porto, fotógrafo...", 194?
 * Vagô: romance dos bichos do mato (também chamadoO homem e o tigre: vagô), 1954
 * Por Angola: quatro anos de actividade parlamentar. Edição do autor, cerca de 1949
 * Comédia da Morte e da Vida: Uma peça em três actos, seguida de duas peças em um acto: «A Mulher e o Demónio» e «Um caso raro de loucura», Lisboa, Empresa Nacional de Publicidade, 1950
 * Império ultramarino português: monografia do império. Com Carlos Selvagem, 4 vols., Lisboa, Empresa Nacional de Publicidade, 1950-1953)
 * Vol. I (1950): Introdução; Cabo Verde; Guiné
 * Vol. II (1951): Guiné (continuação); S. Tomé e Príncipe
 * Vol. III (1952): Angola
 * Vol. IV (1953): Moçambique; Índia; Macau; Timor.

 * Pele. Lisboa, Sociedade Gráfica Nacional, 1956
 * Grades serradas, 1959
 * "Relatório de Henrique Galvão e Thomaz Ribeiro Colaço". Escrito com Tomás Ribeiro Colaço para o grupo de apoiantes de Humberto Delgado, 1959
 * "Os últimos dias do fascismo português: Memórias dum...". Com Maria Archer, 1959
 * Carta aberta ao dr. Salazar, Buenos Aires (distribuído também em Portugal), Edição da Comissão de Libertação Nacional, 1959 (2ª edição, Caracas, igualmente distribuído também em Portugal, Movimento Nacional Independente, 1960, 3ª edição Lisboa, Arcádia, 1975)
 * A Minha Cruzada Pró-Portugal. Santa Maria, São Paulo, Livraria Martins, 1961 (2.ª edição sob o título O assalto ao Santa Maria, Lisboa, Delfos, 1974
 * Depoimento torpedeado: Portugal, a ONU, o salazarismo e a situação na África Portuguesa. São Paulo, Frente Antitotalitária dos Portugueses Livres Exilados, 1962
 * Da minha luta contra o salazarismo e o comunismo em Portugal, São Paulo, 1965 (2.ª ed., Lisboa, Arcádia, 1976)
 * "A cultura da aveleira", 1968
 * Diário de Peniche, Lisboa, Livraria Popular de Francisco Franco, 1974 ou 1975
 * Crónica de horas vazias, Lisboa, Livraria Popular de Francisco Franco, 1975

Fontes

 * As obras indicadas têm como fonte o catálogo PORBASE da Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
 * A biografia tem como fonte as seguintes obras:
 * ANTÃO, Nelson Moreira; TAVARES, Célia Gonçalves. «Henrique Galvão e o assalto ao Santa Maria. Percurso de uma dissidência do Estado Novo e suas repercussões internacionais» in Revista Sapiens, Lisboa, dezembro de 2008.
 * Pacheco, Carlos. "Luzes e Sombras de Uma Insurreição: o Bluff do Desembarque em Angola", in Angola, Um Gigante com Pés de Barro e Outras Reflexões Sobre a África e o Mundo, Lisboa, Nova Vega, 4.ª edição, 2014, pp. 185-196 (ISBN 978-972-699-960-7)
 * Peres, Luis Miguel Solla de Andrade. Henrique Galvão, 1895-1970: Aspects of an Euro-african Crusade 1895-1970. University of South Africa, março de 2009.
 * «Henrique Carlos Mata Galvão», in ROSAS, Fernando; BRITO, J. M. Brandão de. Dicionário de História do Estado Novo, Venda Nova: Bertrand Editora, 1996, vol. I, pp. 378-379.
 * Peres, Luis Miguel Solla de Andrade. Henrique Galvão, 1895-1970: Aspects of an Euro-african Crusade 1895-1970. University of South Africa, março de 2009.
 * «Henrique Carlos Mata Galvão», in ROSAS, Fernando; BRITO, J. M. Brandão de. Dicionário de História do Estado Novo, Venda Nova: Bertrand Editora, 1996, vol. I, pp. 378-379.

title: Henrique Galvão


text: User talk:81.157.45.9

title: User talk:81.157.45.9


text:
Elections in Northern Cyprus

Elections in Northern Cyprus are organized to elect governments, presidents and representatives of local administrative bodies in Northern Cyprus, known as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Electoral system
The presidency, which is served in five-year terms, was instituted with TRNC's first presidential election in 1985 and continued with the elections of 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005,2010 with the next election scheduled for April 2015. The legislature, Cumhuriyet Meclisi (Assembly of the Republic of Northern Cyprus), has 50 members, elected for a five-year term by mitigated proportional representation. The territory has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and another party which is also electorally successful.

In the presidential election, a candidate must obtain at least 50% of the votes in order to secure a first-ballot victory. Upon failing to do so, the two top candidates compete in a runoff election, with the winner assuming the presidency.

The mitigated proportional representation system in use for legislative elections obligates each party to cross the 5% of the total vote election threshold in order to be seated in the 50-member parliament, which is chosen from five districts: Lefkoşa, Gazimağusa, Girne, Güzelyurt and İskele.

In the parliamentary elections, voters choose individual candidates with two options in the manner of voting: a party-line vote which, in effect, means a vote for each candidate from that party in that election district or, alternatively, the voter may choose different MP candidates from various parties. In this type of mixed voting, the voter may not choose more than the number of MPs from that district.

Residents of Northern Cyprus are eligible to stand for election and vote in the national elections of the Republic of Cyprus, but not able to run for presidency (the Constitution states that a Turkish-Cypriot should be vice-president of the Republic). Turkish Cypriot communal representation in the Republic of Cyprus government de facto ended in 1963. Until 2004, the case of Ibrahim Aziz in the European Court of Human Rights, Turkish Cypriots could not vote in the Republic of Cyprus.

Parliamentary elections
In 2009 President Mehmet Ali Talat claimed that in 1990 and 1998 Turkish government officials along with other influential powers from Turkey interfered with the Parliamentary Elections.

title: Elections in Northern Cyprus


text:
User talk:Cwphd97

Ghena Dimitrova
Hi, welcome to Wikipedia. Please don't insert copyrighted material into Wikipedia articles. Copyright violations can cause legal problems for Wikipedia. RickK 20:29, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cwphd97


text:
Union of Democratic Forces

Union of Democratic Forces or Union of the Democratic Forces is the name of:

 * Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)
 * Union of the Democratic Forces (France)
 * Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea
 * Union of Democratic Forces (Mauritania)
 * Union of Democratic Forces (Republic of the Congo)

title: Union of Democratic Forces


text:
Talk:Peter Morello

Inaccurate material
Massively incorrect. Makes far too many assumptions. Use with caution. It's just a repetition of many old Mafia myths. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.35.29.89 (talk • contribs)

Out-of place addintion moved here
The real name of "Buster from Chicago" was Sebastiano Domingo, born in 1910 in Castellammare del Glofo, murdered in May 1933 on the lower east side of Manhattan. Since Domingo lived most of his short life away from New York, he was the ideal candidate to fight for Maranzano in the Castellammare War of 1930 to 1931, since his identity was unknown to the opposing camp of Joseph Masseria. Because Domingo spent little time in New York, his identity was unknown either to the New York Police Department and to those who wrote about the War, except for Joseph Bonanno, who gave the name of Buster in his 1983 book. Followup researches confirmed that he was the man.

The full details, with sources, are given in this article:

David Critchley, "Buster, Maranzano and the Castellammare War, 1930-1931" Global Crime journal, volume 7 number 1 (2006) pages 43 to 78. —Preceding unsigned comment added by ukthesis (talk • contribs)

 * Joe Bonanno never gave the name of Buster, he basically said that he had no idea who it could have been and that the physical description DID NOT match his friend Domingo.... Most knowledgable crime historians have generally accepted that "Buster" was a pseudonym used by Valachi to describe deeds he did in murder charges since it has no statute of limitations.

 * Global crime journal tends to often state misguided facts (Maddog Coll's participation in the baby killing incident for example...) I would honestly advise doing independant research rather than reading most organized crime books and bio pieces. Supposed writers have gotten into the habit of re-stating stories read in other books that also got it wrong.. a never ending cycle.. Subscribing to the New Work Times online archives would be a huge help. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.215.252.167 (talk • contribs)

Date of Birth
According to the records in Saint John's Cemetery Morello's date of birth was closer to 1870 than 1880, so I changed it. JBAK 16:45, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Merge
Currently, there exists two Wikipedia articles: Giuseppe Morello and Peter Morello. Both articles are seemingly about the same individual -- a mafiosi with a one-fingered hand who died in August 1930. I suggest a merge. Flask (talk) 08:05, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I have redirected Peter Morello to Giuseppe Morello. See Mike Dash, The First Family, Simon and Schuster, 2009, pp. 330–1. "Masseria would be accompanied by [Giuseppe] Morello, whom the Castellammarese knew as Peter Morello – 'Don Petru' – an alias he adopted since leaving prison." Ericoides (talk) 12:29, 25 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Peter Morello


text:
Chaoulli v Quebec (AG)

Chaoulli v Quebec (AG) [2005] 1 S.C.R. 791, , was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada of which the Court ruled that the Quebec Health Insurance Act and the Hospital Insurance Act prohibiting private medical insurance in the face of long wait times, up to 9 months, violated the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms. In a 4 to 3 decision, the Court found the Acts violated Quebecers' right to life and security of person under the Quebec Charter. The ruling is binding only in Quebec. Three of the seven judges also found that the laws violated section seven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. One judge did not rule on the Canadian Charter. The result was a 3–3 tie on the question of the Canadian Charter, so Chaoulli decision does not apply to any other province.

Background
Having suffered in the past from numerous health problems including a hip replacement, 73-year-old salesman George Zeliotis became an advocate for reducing waiting times for patients in Quebec hospitals.

Jacques Chaoulli is a doctor who provided home appointments to patients. He attempted to get a licence to offer his services as an independent private hospital but was rejected due to provincial legislation prohibiting private health insurance.

Together, the two men sought a declaratory judgment to contest the prohibition.

Court's opinions
Three separate opinions were written. The first is by Deschamps who found a violation of the Quebec Charter, but stated there was no necessity for her to rule on the Canadian Charter. A second opinion was written by McLachlin C.J. and Major J., with Bastarache J. concurring, on the violation of section seven. A dissenting opinion was given by Binnie and LeBel JJ. with Fish J. concurring in dissent. .

The appeal court's characterization of the issue as an infringement of an economic right is rejected by Deschamps. She goes on to note that the long waits at hospitals can result in deaths and that private health care prohibited by the Quebec Acts would likely have saved those lives. The wait lists, she claims, are an implicit form of rationing, and it is the government's rationing policy that is being challenged here as a violation of the right to "security of person" (per Canadian Charter) and "personal inviolability" (per Quebec Charter).

Deschamps sides with the trial judge, who found a violation of section 7 of the Canadian Charter, but she interprets it as being more of a violation of the similar section 1 of the Quebec Charter. She adopts a broad interpretation, citing R. v. Morgentaler among others as examples of delay in medical treatment as a violation of security of person. She further rejects the dissenters' suggestion that a patient could seek medical treatment outside of the province as too extreme and case-specific.

Turning to the requisite analysis to justify the violation, Deschamps points to the "minimal impairment" expectation to be the one of the most interest. Expert and witness testimony was examined of which she found it to be not particularly credible or useful. She then examines other provinces' health legislation, finding the lack of prohibitory legislation allows her to conclude that the Quebec Acts are not necessary to preserve the public health plan. Studies on public health programs in other countries examined by Deschamps support this claim.

The issue of deference to government is considered. "When the courts are given the tools they need to make a decision, they should not hesitate to assume their responsibilities," she states, claiming that social policies developed by the government should not be shied away from by the courts. Deference should be given only with a justification consistent with democratic values and sufficiently necessary to maintain public order.

In concluding, Deschamp points her finger squarely at the government and suggests the need for change: "For many years, the government has failed to act; the situation continues to deteriorate. This is not a case in which missing scientific data would allow for a more informed decision to be made. The principle of prudence that is so popular in matters relating to the environment and to medical research cannot be transposed to this case. Under the Quebec plan, the government can control its human resources in various ways, whether by using the time of professionals who have already reached the maximum for payment by the state, by applying the provision that authorizes it to compel even nonparticipating physicians to provide services (s. 30 HEIA) or by implementing less restrictive measures, like those adopted in the four Canadian provinces that do not prohibit private insurance or in the other OECD countries. While the government has the power to decide what measures to adopt, it cannot choose to do nothing in the face of the violation of Quebecers' right to security. The government has not given reasons for its failure to act. Inertia cannot be used as an argument to justify deference."

McLachlin and Major
Both McLachlin and Major agree with Deschamp's reasoning but rely more on section 7 and section 1 of the Canadian Charter to reach the same outcome. They observe that the "Charter does not confer a freestanding constitutional right to health care. However, where the government puts in place a scheme to provide health care, that scheme must comply with the Charter."

To determine a violation of the Charter, they look at how the Quebec Acts differ from the Canada Health Act'. They note that unlike with other legislation, the impugned Acts remove the ability to contract for private health care insurance and in effect create a virtual monopoly for the public health system. On the evidence of significant delays in service, this monopoly harms the right to security of person. Delays in medical treatment could have physical and stressful consequences.

In reviewing the public health care systems of several countries they find that the connection was missing. In defence of this, they criticize the dissenters' rejection of international data as well and reliance on what they characterized as inconsistent reports from Romanow and Senator Kirby.

Binnie and LeBel
They begin by phrasing the question as being not one of rationing, but rather "whether the province of Quebec not only has the constitutional authority to establish a comprehensive single-tier health plan, but to discourage a second (private) tier health sector by prohibiting the purchase and sale of private health insurance."

They then describe the problem as an issue of public policy and social values which is not for the courts to decide. "In our view, the appellants' case does not rest on constitutional law but on their disagreement with the Quebec government on aspects of its social policy. The proper forum to determine the social policy of Quebec in this matter is the National Assembly."

The characterization of the problem by the majority contains too much ambiguity, they claim. How can the court determine what is a "reasonable" wait time, they ask?

Binnie and LeBel primarily take issue with the majority's claim that the law is arbitrary contrary to the principles of fundamental justice. "appellants' argument about "arbitrariness" is based largely on generalizations about the public system drawn from fragmentary experience, an overly optimistic view of the benefits offered by private health insurance, an oversimplified view of the adverse effects on the public health system of permitting private sector health services to flourish and an overly interventionist view of the role the courts should play in trying to supply a "fix" to the failings, real or perceived, of major social programs."

The dissenters' interpretation of the legislation finds a rational connection to the objectives of the Canadian Health Act: "Not all Canadian provinces prohibit private health insurance, but all of them take steps to protect the public health system by discouraging the private sector... the mixture of deterrents differs from province to province, but the underlying policies flow from the Canada Health Act and are the same: i.e. as a matter of principle, health care should be based on need, not wealth, and as a matter of practicality the provinces judge that growth of the private sector will undermine the strength of the Canada Health Act."

They admit agreeing with the majority and the trial judge that the law will put some Quebecers life and "security of person" at risk, but they do not see the matter being resolved by or applicable to the constitution. They state that "it will likely be a rare case where s. 7 will apply in circumstances entirely unrelated to adjudicative or administrative proceedings." However, they claim, this is not one of those times. Instead, they lament the overextension of the constitution: "The Court has been moving away from a narrow approach to s. 7, which restricted the scope of the section to legal rights to be interpreted in light of the rights enumerated in ss. 8-14."

In effect, the dissenters say, the Court is only protecting the right to contract and pushing Canada into its own Lochner era, while dismissing those that claimed privatizing will not necessarily solve the problem.

They characterize the majority's use of the word "arbitrary" as meaning "unnecessary," claiming that if that were true, it would require the courts to interfere too much with lawmakers.

The dissenters' final objection is the majority's expansion of the reasoning in R. v. Morgentaler. Binnie and LeBel distinguish R. v. Morgentaler from the current case, as the former was about "manifest unfairness" and criminal liability, not arbitrariness and public health policy, which, they claim, requires a very different analytical approach.

Aftermath
The decision proved to be highly contentious by its political nature and its conflict with the present government's policy on health. There are those, who argue that this decision could potentially lead to the dismantling of the Canadian Medicare system, while others suggest that this could be a much-needed wake-up call to repair the ailing system.

This ruling could have a direct effect on most provinces that currently have laws that are designed to discourage the private sector, in particular Ontario, Manitoba, British Columbia, Alberta, and Prince Edward Island, which all have legislation very similar to the impugned laws in Quebec.

After the Supreme Court rendered its judgment, the Attorney General of Quebec asked the Court to stay (suspend) its judgment for 18 months. The Court granted the stay for only 12 months; it therefore expired on June 8, 2006.

In August 2005, delegates to the Canadian Medical Association adopted a motion supporting access to private-sector health services and private medical insurance in circumstances where patients cannot obtain timely access to care through the single-payer health care system.

In November 2005, a Quebec provincial white paper on limited private reforms was leaked to the media. The paper proposed allowing the purchase of private medical insurance. To prevent doctors from abandoning the public system, the paper would force doctors to perform a minimum amount of work in the public sector before they would be allowed to perform in the private sector.

Court documents

 * Court of Appeal decision (translated from French)
 * Facta
 * Factum of Appellant
 * AG Quebec Respondent factum
 * AG Canada intervener factum
 * AG Canada intervener factum

Analysis

 * Supreme disagreement: The highest court affirms an empty right - analysis in the CMAJ by lawyer Colleen Flood and Cancer Care Ontario President Terrence Sullivan.
 * analysis of case from mapleleafweb.com
 * Supreme Court slaps for-sale sign on medicare - analysis by Lawrie McFarlane, deputy minister of health for British Columbia.
 * "inside Chaoullli" analysis by CUPE.
 * Réseau de recherche en santé des populations du Québec conference on Chaoulli containing various analyses (French)
 * A Hitchhiker's Guide to Chaoulli Comment on the practical effect of the Chaoulli decision by Tom McIntosh, Director of Canadian Policy Research Networks (CPRN), Health Network

Press reports

 * Freedom Fighter - Western Standard article by Peter Jaworski.
 * A doctor challenges Canada's health care system - International Herald Tribune article by Clifford Krauss.
 * Chaoulli decision was not judicial activism - a commentary by Arthur Weinrib.
 * Lament for a health care system - a CMAJ editorial about the court ruling.

title: Chaoulli v Quebec (AG)


text:
Sophie Zelmani

Sophie Zelmani (born 12 February 1972), later raised with the surname Edkvist, is a Swedish singer-songwriter who released her first single in 1995, called "Always You".

Early life
Zelmani was born in the suburbs of Stockholm in 1972. Her father bought the family a guitar when Zelmani was 14. Despite no professional music training, Zelmani became a songwriter and recorded some songs at a local studio. After she mailed the demos to three record companies, Zelmani was offered a record deal by Sony Music Sweden.

Career
Sophie Zelmani recorded her debut, eponymous album with Sony in 1995. The album was produced and arranged by Lars Halapi and co-produced by Patrik Sventelius. She described the process of making the album: "In the beginning Lars and I spent a few months in the studio. We had fun and then picked the musicians. We recorded in two weeks but the whole thing took half a year." By 1997, Zelmani's debut album had sold 200,000 copies in Europe and Asia Pacific, before moving to the US market, distributed by Columbia Records. Zelmani said, "I had no ambitions to go abroad. I knew I wanted to make a record. That's all I wanted." Columbia's marketing campaign included CD sampler giveaways, consumer press, and rotation on Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) flights between Scandinavia and the US.

Zelmani has continued to record albums while making only a small number of public appearances due to shyness. She won a best newcomer award in Sweden's Grammy awards in 1996.

In popular culture
Zelmani has also contributed music to the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Dawson's Creek. Her cover of Bob Dylan's "Most of the Time" appears on the soundtrack to Masked and Anonymous.

Her song "Stand By" appeared in the film Independence Day (1996). Her song "Always You" appeared in the film My Best Friend's Wedding (1997).

Zelmani's "Going Home" from Sing and Dance was covered in Mandarin Chinese as "乘客" (Passenger) and Cantonese as "花事了" (Withered Flower) by 王菲 (Faye Wong) in a 2003 album 将爱 (To Love).

title: Sophie Zelmani


text: User talk:70.187.218.33

title: User talk:70.187.218.33


text:
Talk:Odometer

Hubodometer
While waiting at a traffic light, I incidently noticed on the wheel of a nearby trailer axle a deviced named 'hubodometer'. I don't know if it's necessary to make the distinction, but maybe we could simply cite it as a particular type of odometer, with some notes about its usefullness, maybe as a new article? I'm not a specialist thoug, and not English native speaker. --Olivier Debre 10:09, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * what is this thing anyway? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.164.160.4 (talk) 10:26, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Based on given information, I would assume "hub odometer", i.e. odometer on a (wheel? diff?) hub, measuring travel distance (or rotations) specifically for the trailer (or the axle) for purposes of maintenance checks, wear, fatigue, etc., since the travel distance for a trailer is different from the vehicle pulling it (multiple vehicles, not hitched on all trips of the vehicle, ...). If that is to be listed, though, maybe there should be source mentioning it first? 84.250.167.86 (talk) 22:21, 9 October 2021 (UTC)

Expansion
I just added the entire part about China, because before there was only a brief sentence saying that the scientist Zhang Heng had invented it in the 2nd century.--PericlesofAthens 20:22, 6 April 2007 (UTC)♠

The article needs a section about odometers and vehicle titles. And what happens when, eg, a 5 digit odometer reaches 99,999. --Una Smith (talk) 05:26, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Mechanism
The article is conspicuously missing an explanation of the actual mechanism(s). Superm401 - Talk 01:41, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * indeed. how do modern odometers work, in our everyday automobiles? I notice the speedometer article is similarly lacking. --Kvuo (talk) 04:36, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

 * oops, maybe not... apparently the odometer uses same principle as speedometer --Kvuo (talk) 04:39, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

Definition of mile
I removed the definiton of the international mile from the introduction, it's not relevant to this article, not to that extent at least. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.163.145.226 (talk) 10:02, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

Substract mileage
The text states that older vehicles could be driven in reverse to subtract mileage, but most vehicles i have worked on (as old as 1960) would not do so. Instead, the distance traveled backwards is not counted at all. This sentence could be removed to avoid the confusion as long as there is no good reference.

62.21.206.209 (talk) 10:54, 11 November 2010 (UTC)

MErge?
Should the articles Hubometer and Odometer be merged? I know that they are different things, but technically, a hubometer IS an odometer, and they portray the same type of information, and there's a section about it on the page for Odometer as well. 99.48.137.248 (talk) 06:02, 3 July 2011 (UTC)

Name of the mechanical display?
Modern odometers are typically digital, but until recently most used a series of wheels with digits on them that slowly turned. Does this sort of mechanical display have a well-known name? Maury Markowitz (talk) 17:51, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Mechanical counter? --Filzstift (talk) 13:34, 3 September 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Benjamin Franklin, (link to source)
The URL http://learn.fi.edu/franklin/inventor/inventor.html redirects to https://www.fi.edu/benjamin-franklin-faq, now. But I can not find the word 'Odometer' in that page. I've also tried searching at https://www.fi.edu/benjamin-franklin/inventions page, but there is nothing there too.

I have no time to search at Wayback Machine or something else, at the moment, sorry. --79.25.129.78 (talk) 07:47, 7 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Found at https://web.archive.org/web/20150829041636/http://learn.fi.edu/franklin/inventor/inventor.html, but I'm not good in managing with these templates and I'm in a hurry, sorry. --79.25.129.78 (talk) 08:45, 7 August 2018 (UTC)

Is the definition wrong?
Reading the definition it appears to make little sense to me, is it incorrect? Travelled? How many km's has Elon Musk's Tesla travelled so far? Is it's odometer faulty or is the meaning not actually travelled? What about cars travelling 1000s of KMs from one city to another in Australia on the back of a car carrier? ZhuLien (talk) 12:40, 5 January 2021 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.17.129.186 (talk)

Mileometer
This BBC Archive video Sat nav without a satellite in the 1970s? includes "mileometer" as a common term in 1971 (around 01:50 in the video). Maybe you could remove the "dubious" sources about that word used on countries with imperial units, at the end of the first paragraph. -- Alvy (talk) 18:50, 28 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Odometer


text: Category:History of Bedfordshire

title: Category:History of Bedfordshire


text:
Kristeen Von Hagen

Kristeen von Hagen (born in Victoria, British Columbia) is a Canadian/American comedian, writer and actress. She is currently the opening comedian for the Las Vegas residency of Puppetry of the Penis

Kristeen is a 4 time Canadian Comedy Award winner and has been seen on the Just for Laughs Festival, Winnipeg Comedy Festival, Showtime's Comedy without Borders as well as 2 Comedy Now! CTV Specials.

As a writer and producer Kristeen has won 4 Canadian Screen Awards. Her recent writing credits include the Juno Awards, Stronger Together, Canada Day and Canada's Walk of Fame.

. Von Hagen has won Best Female Stand-up of at the Canadian Comedy Awards twice. She appears in the NFB documentary on aspiring comics, The Next Big Thing.

title: Kristeen Von Hagen