text:
2006 Florida gubernatorial election

The 2006 Florida gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 2006. Incumbent Republican Governor Jeb Bush was term-limited, and could not run for reelection to a third consecutive term. The election was won by then-Republican Charlie Crist, the state's Attorney General. The election was notable in that for the first time, the state elected a Republican governor in three consecutive elections.

Turnout for the 2006 election was down 8.5% from 2002 and down 2.7% from 1998. With Republicans holding the seat, the state's governorship avoided being part of the wave in which Democrats netted a gain of six governorships across the nation. This remains the last time that Charlie Crist won a statewide election in Florida as well as the last election that he ran as a Republican. This was the last time until 2022 that anyone was elected Governor with a majority of the vote. As of 2024, this is the last time Florida simultaneously elected a United States Senate candidate and a gubernatorial candidate of different political parties.

Campaign
Jim Davis won the Democratic primary on September 5. Davis was the Congressman from Florida's 11th congressional district and served in the Florida House of Representatives, where he also served as the Majority Leader. On September 13, Davis selected former State Senator and 2002 gubernatorial candidate Daryl Jones of Miami as his running mate.

The Democratic primary turned heated as it approached primary day. Rod Smith attacked Jim Davis for a 1990 legislative vote denying restitution for two black men wrongfully imprisoned for murder. Davis countered that Smith was a "pawn" of the sugar industry, and that "big business" and special interests were funding many of Smith's attack ads.

Declared

 * Glenn Burkett
 * Carol Castagnero, retired teacher
 * John M. Crotty
 * Jim Davis, U.S. Representative from Tampa
 * Rod Smith, State Senator from Gainesville

Withdrew

 * Bud Chiles, son of former Governor Lawton Chiles
 * Scott Maddox, former Mayor of Tallahassee and former Chairman of the Florida Democratic Party

Declined

 * Betty Castor, former Education Commissioner of Florida, former President of the University of South Florida, 2004 Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate

Republican primary
Charlie Crist, the Republican candidate, won the primary on September 5 with 64% of the vote. Crist was Florida's Attorney General at the time. Previously he was elected State Education Commissioner, and has served in the Florida Senate. He faced Bob Graham for his seat in the United States Senate in 1998. On September 13, 2006, Crist announced that State Representative Jeff Kottkamp of Cape Coral would be his running mate.

The GOP primary did not end up being very competitive. Crist touted experience in statewide offices, and a strong fundraising capability. He portrayed himself as relatively moderate on social issues, which created some misgivings among conservative Republicans in the state, but not nearly enough to sway the vote to Tom Gallagher.

Declared

 * Charlie Crist, Attorney General of Florida, and nominee for U.S. Senate in 1998
 * Tom Gallagher, Chief Financial Officer of Florida, former State Treasurer-Insurance Commissioner, former Education Commissioner, and candidate for Governor in 1986 and 1994
 * Vernon Palmer
 * Michael W. St. Jean, minister

Declined

 * Toni Jennings, Lieutenant Governor of Florida

Candidates

 * Charlie Crist, Florida Attorney General (Republican nominee)
 * Jim Davis, United States Representative from Florida's 11th congressional district (Democratic nominee)
 * Max Linn, financial planner (Reform Party nominee)
 * John Wayne Smith, perennial candidate (No Party Affiliation)
 * Richard Paul Dembinsky, perennial candidate (No Party Affiliation)
 * Karl C.C. Behm, paintball facility owner (No Party Affiliation)

Results
Charlie Crist won by over 7 points, winning all Republican-leaning areas of Florida, as well as the notable "swing" region along the I-4 corridor (Daytona Beach, Orlando, Tampa/St. Petersburg). Davis performed well in the Democrat-leaning south Florida, Gainesville, and Tallahassee areas. Crist under-performed compared to his predecessor Jeb Bush, but still outpaced Davis, despite the low turnout. Reform Party candidate Max Linn received nearly 2% of the vote, but his sizeable haul of over 92,500 votes was still not enough to sway the election. Crist also won 18% of the African-American electorate, which outpaced previous Republicans' efforts in attracting this voting bloc in statewide elections.

Also on the ballot the same day was a constitutional amendment to raise the requirement for all future ballot initiatives to a supermajority (60%). Previously, constitutional amendments put on the ballot required only a simple majority (50% +1) to be approved, and led to some controversial amendments being put on the ballot. Support and opposition for the amendment fell loosely along party lines with Democrats generally opposing its passage. Both Crist and Davis publicly opposed the measure, but it was passed anyway by the voters with a 55% margin - a higher margin than either candidate received.

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

 * Franklin (largest city: Eastpoint)
 * Liberty (largest city: Bristol)
 * Calhoun (Largest city: Blountstown)
 * Hamilton (Largest city: Jasper)
 * Wakulla (Largest city: Sopchoppy)
 * Jackson (Largest city: Marianna)

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

 * Miami-Dade (largest city: Miami)

title: 2006 Florida gubernatorial election


text:
User:SebastianHelm/categorization/combining

Combining categories
Moved here from Categorization_policy

From a reader's perspective, a straightforward solution would be: Allowing the reader to combine existing categories. Categories such as the aforementioned Finnish botanists would be dissolved; any article would instead have two entries like Category:Botany and Category:Finnish people or three like Category:Botany, Category:Finland and Category:People. (The latter case might include a foreigner working about Finnish botany, but we may decide to live with this imprecision.)

Scenario: Heikki wants to find a Finnish botanist whose name he forgot. On the main page, he clicks on a link to Find by category. That page presents him links to all categories (possibly sorted alphabetically or hierarchically). Next to each of these, there is (instead of the bullet) a checkbox. Heikki checks "Botany" and "Finnish people". When Heikki clicks "Submit" he gets a list of all articles that pertain to both categories.

This will be a big improvement for Heikki over the current situation: Currently, he has to read half a page of Category schemes before he finds Lists of people (called "Biographies") and then he has continue on a cumbersome and detour-prone search till he finds Finnish botanists. And that assumes that he even knows that such a category exists in the first place! (Implementation detail: The link to Find by category should be in a prominent place. It could replace the link to Category schemes.)

It will also be an improvement for editors: We only need to remember a fraction of the current number of categories (- was that "Category:List_of_Libertarian_Economists_and_Business_Leaders" or "Category:List_of_Libertarian_Business_Leaders_and_Economists"?).

The same principle would be applied to stubs. Instead of we would simply use  and Category:People. In addition to the above advantages it would give us:
 * The categorization work won't have to be done twice.
 * Articles will be categorized correctly early on, which means among other things that anyone who looks up a category combination will automatically see all applicable stubs. We might even consider tagging stubs in category lists (e.g. with an icon) so that people are enticed into expanding them.

— S e b a s ti a n  ( T ) 17:14, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)

 * There is a bugzilla entry requesting boolean searches for categories, which would partially implement this suggestion. -- Beland 00:01, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Cool - thanks for the link! The bug seems more general and more demanding to implement and to use, though. — S e b a s ti a n   06:50, 2005 Apr 18 (UTC)

Um, need I remind you that there are serious server problems when a template gets used on a large number of articles? As it is, the work of stub sorters is largely trying to iensure that no stub template is used on more than a couple of hundred articles. Now you're suggesting replacing these stub category templates with one template for 35000 articles? Oh, and:
 * Scenario: Heikki wants to find a Finnish botanist whose name he forgot. On the main page, he clicks on a link to Find by category. That page presents him links to all categories (possibly sorted alphabetically or hierarchically). Next to each of these, there is (instead of the bullet) a checkbox. Heikki checks "Botany" and "Finnish people". When Heikki clicks "Submit" he gets a list of all articles that pertain to both categories.

Heikki is not likely to make that much work for himself. A more likely scenario is that Heikki goes to Category:Finland, easily finds Category:Finnish people, and from there finds Category:Finnish botanists. To do it by hunting through the entire category list would be a ridiculous waste of time. Grutness|hello? 05:42, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

This is not a fair comparison for three reasons:
 * 1)  Your scenario only works under the assumption that the specific combination Heikki needs is already there. What if he searches for an Israeli botanist? You leave him out in the cold.
 * 2) If you want to address that problem your way then you need 10,000s of new categories. (There are e.g. 34 subcategories under Category:Botanists by nationality, but 196 subcategories under Category:People by nationality. Difference = 162. Multiply with hundreds of occupations. And that's for occupations alone! What about books, music, history, organizations, plants, ...) Do you think this is feasible?
 * 3) You're comparing apples with oranges. Of course, if a category already exists then it will be easier for any user to find it. However, the difference is far less than you make it appear. You're comparing my long description with your abbreviated version. You're not even describing how Heikki finds Category:Finland in the first place! (Granted, though, there is an easier way than my proposal - see Categorization.)  — Sebastian (talk) 06:45, 2005 Jun 15 (UTC)

Nice
Well, as you probably guessed, I really like this idea and would have no problem with writing it as a complete proposal. However, this is mainly an implementation question. So if you know of some way to get one of the official programmers to comment, that would be the way to go. I know a couple of them but they tend not to respond to their talk pages overly much. Radiant_ >|< 13:50, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

The only ways I'm aware of are WP:VP and bugzilla. VP is a bit short lived for this. And bugzilla is no wiki, so it is less suited to the discussions we are used to. More importantly, two related requests (1106 and 1411) have already been posted and seem to have stalled. I'll ask the developer for 1411, Amgine about it.

I wonder if there's a more inviting place than my user page to discuss this. — Sebastian (talk) 07:25, 2005 Jun 17 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:24.95.154.77

title: User talk:24.95.154.77


text:
United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce

The Committee on Education and the Workforce is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. There are 45 members of this committee. Since 2023, the chair of the Education and the Workforce committee is Virginia Foxx of North Carolina.

History of the committee
Attempts were made to create a congressional committee on education and labor starting with the early congresses but issues over Congress's constitutional ability to oversee such issues delayed the committee's formation. Finally, on March 21, 1867, the Committee on Education and Labor was founded following the end of the Civil War and during the rapid industrialization of America. On December 19, 1883, the committee was divided into two, the Committee on Education and the Committee on Labor. The committees again merged on January 2, 1947, after the passage of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, becoming the Committee on Education and Labor again.

Name changes
On January 4, 1995, when the Republicans took over the House, the committee was renamed the Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities. It was renamed again as the Committee on Education and the Workforce two years later on January 7, 1997. On January 4, 2007, with the Democrats once again in the majority, the committee's name was changed back to Committee on Education and Labor. After Republicans recaptured the House majority in the 2010 elections, they returned to the name, Committee on Education and the Workforce, effective with the opening of the 112th Congress in 2011. After Democrats recaptured the House majority in the 2018 elections, they similarly returned to the previous name, Committee on Education and Labor, effective with the opening of the 116th Congress in 2019. With the passing of the new House Rules associated to the Speaker negotiations in January of 2023, the 118th Congress renamed the committee as the Committee on Education and the Workforce again.

Jurisdiction
From the Official Committee Webpage:

The Education and Labor Committee's purpose is to ensure that Americans' needs are addressed so that students and workers may move forward in a changing school system and a competitive global economy.

The committee and its five subcommittees oversee education and workforce programs that affect all Americans, from early learning through secondary education, from job training through retirement.

''The Education and Labor Committee Democrats' goal is to keep America strong by increasing education opportunities for students, by making it easier to send young adults to college, and by helping workers find job training and retirement security for a better future. The following education issues are under the jurisdiction of the Education and Labor Committee:''

Education. The Committee on Education and Labor oversees federal programs and initiatives dealing with education at all levels—from preschool through high school to higher education and continuing education. These include:

 * Elementary and secondary education initiatives, including the No Child Left Behind Act, school choice for low-income families, special education (the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), teacher quality & teacher training, scientifically based reading instruction, and vocational and technical education;
 * Higher education programs (the Higher Education Act), to support college access for low and middle-income students and help families pay for college;
 * Early childhood & preschool education programs including Head Start;
 * School lunch and child nutrition programs;
 * Financial oversight of the U.S. Department of Education;
 * Programs and services for the care and treatment of at-risk youth, child abuse prevention, and child adoption;
 * Educational research and improvement;
 * Adult education; and
 * Anti-poverty programs, including the Community Services Block Grant Act and the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP).

Labor. The Committee on Labor also holds jurisdiction over workforce initiatives aimed at strengthening health care, job training, and retirement security for workers. Workforce issues in the jurisdiction of the Education and the Labor Committee include:

 * Pension and retirement security for U.S. workers;
 * Access to quality health care for working families and other employee benefits;
 * Job training, adult education, and workforce development initiatives, including those under the Workforce Investment Act (WIA), to help local communities train and retrain workers;
 * Continuing the successful welfare reforms of 1996;
 * Protecting the democratic rights of individual union members;
 * Worker health and safety, including occupational safety and health;
 * Providing greater choices and flexibility (including "comp time" or family time options) to working women and men;
 * Equal employment opportunity and civil rights in employment;
 * Wages and hours of labor, including the Fair Labor Standards Act;
 * Workers' compensation, and family and medical leave;
 * All matters dealing with relationships between employers and employees.

Activity
In December 2023, the Committee held a hearing on antisemitism at which three university presidents were invited to speak about their handling of antisemitism on their campuses, and later pressured to resign. Ultimately, within weeks the president of the University of Pennsylvania, M. Elizabeth Magill, resigned as direct consequence of the hearing, and Claudine Gay, president of Harvard University was forced out because of plagiarism accusations amplified in part due to the hearing.

An April 2024 hearing with Columbia University president Minouche Shafik was held later in the morning of the first day of the 2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation.

Members, 118th Congress
Resolutions electing members: (Chair),  (Ranking Member),  (R),  (D)

115th Congress
Sources: (Chair),  (Ranking Member),  (D),  (R),  (D),  (R)

116th Congress
Sources: (Chair),  (Ranking Member),  (D),  (R),  (D),  (R),  (R),  (R)

 * Subcommittees

117th Congress
Resolutions electing members: (Chair),  (Ranking Member),  (D),  (R),  (removing Rep. Greene),  (D),  (D),  (R),  (D),  (R),  (D)
 * Subcommittees

Chairs

 * Committee on Education and Labor (1867–1883)

 * Committee on Education and Committee on Labor (1883–1947)

 * Committee on Education and Labor (1947–1995)

 * Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities (1995–1997)

 * Committee on Education and the Workforce (1997–2007)

 * Committee on Education and Labor (2007–2011)

 * Committee on Education and the Workforce (2011–2019)

 * Committee on Education and Labor (2019–2023)

 * Committee on Education and the Workforce (2023–present)


text:
Optio

An optio (, from optāre, 'to choose', so-called because an optio was chosen by a centurion; : optiones), was a position in a centuria (century) of a Roman army similar to that of an executive officer. The main function of an optio was as an optio centuriae, the second-in-command of a century, although there were many other roles an optio could adopt.

Optiones were vital in the Roman army. An optio was stationed at the rear of the ranks to keep the troops in order. Their duties would include enforcing the orders of the centurion, taking over the centurion's command in battle should the need arise, supervising his subordinates, and a variety of administrative duties.

Optio pay was double the standard legionary pay and they were the most likely men to replace the centurion if the position became vacant.

Types of optio
Titles held by optiones included:

 * Optio ad carcerem: chosen man on prison duty (incarceration).
 * Optio ad spem ordinis: optio being groomed for promotion to the rank of centurion.
 * Optio candidatus: optio being groomed or marked out for promotion to the rank of centurion.
 * Optio carceris: soldier in charge of the prison cells.
 * Optio centuriae: 'chosen man of the centuria '; second-in-command and rear rank officer of a centuria; classed as a duplicarius, a soldier receiving double basic pay; he carried a hastile (wooden staff).
 * Optio centurionis: 'chosen man of the centurion'; same as optio centuriae.
 * Optio custodiarum: soldier in charge of guard posts.
 * Optio draconarius: 'chosen man among the dragon bearers', a late Roman senior standard bearer.
 * Optio equitum: optio in the legionary or Praetorian cavalry (equus meaning horse).
 * Optio fabricae: soldier in charge of a workshop.
 * Optio navaliorum: soldier in charge of boats.
 * Optio praetorii: soldier attached to headquarters.
 * Optio principalis: optio who held supervisory rank (principales from the 2nd century onwards); not all who had the title of optio held this status.
 * Optio speculatorum: optio in the elite cavalry bodyguards.
 * Optio spei: optio being groomed for promotion to the rank of centurion.
 * Optio statorum: optio of military police.
 * Optio tribuni: assistant to a tribune.
 * Optio valetudinarii: orderly in charge of a hospital.

Uniform
Unlike the centurion, the cuirass was not the distinguishing part of the optio's uniform.

An optio's armour would be more like those of the common legionary. He could wear the lorica segmentata or a lorica hamata as well as have his gladius on the right, not the left, side. One thing that did separate him from the common legionary was the staff (called a hastile), which was used to keep the legionaries in line. This staff would be roughly as tall as the optio himself. Optiones often carried wax tablets on which they kept the orders of the day.

Vegetius on optiones
"The optiones are subaltern officers, so denominated from their being selected by the option of their superior officers, to do their duty as their substitutes or lieutenants in case of sickness or other accident."

- Flavius Vegetius Renatus

title: Optio


text: Talk:Adelphi University

title: Talk:Adelphi University


text:
The Importance of Being Idle (song)

"The Importance of Being Idle" is a song by English rock band Oasis. It was released on 22 August 2005 in the UK as the second single from their sixth studio album, Don't Believe the Truth (2005), written, produced, and sung by lead guitarist Noel Gallagher. The song was written by Gallagher in the mid-2004, before the band made their final attempt at recording what would become Don't Believe the Truth.

The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart and stayed there for a week, marking the first time that Oasis had ever earned two successive number ones in the same calendar year (having also charted at number one earlier in 2005 with "Lyla"). "The Importance of Being Idle" would prove to be the band's last UK number one prior to their break-up in 2009. Noel Gallagher got the title from the book of the same name, which he found whilst cleaning out a garage.

Background
In an interview with Q magazine, Noel Gallagher stated that "The Importance of Being Idle" sounds like songs from two British bands, The Kinks and The La's. In particular, the guitar playing, as well as the sentiment expressed, is noticeably similar to The Kinks' "Sunny Afternoon" and "Dead End Street", while the rhythm is similar to that of "Clean Prophet" by the La's. He also said that the lyrics are inspired by his own laziness, stating: "Having nothing to do is such a massive job that someone had to write a song about it." Additionally, the line "I begged my doctor for one more line" may be a reference to Noel's account of how he gave up cocaine in 1998.

Critical reception
Most reviewers acclaimed the track as one of the highlights of Don't Believe the Truth, which itself was widely praised as a marked return to form. The band mentioned in interviews in June 2005 that it would become the second single. The B-sides are Liam Gallagher's "Pass Me Down the Wine" and Gem Archer's "The Quiet Ones". Q magazine readers placed the song at number one in a list of 2005's greatest tracks. The song was ranked at number 117 in Xfm's 1000 Greatest Songs of All Time list. XFM also placed it at number 48 in their "100 Best Songs of the 2000s" list.

Music video
The promo film was directed by Dawn Shadforth, whose previous videos include Kylie Minogue's award-winning "Can't Get You Out of My Head". Shadforth's film for "The Importance of Being Idle" starred Welsh actor Rhys Ifans and pays homage to the style of early 1960s kitchen sink drama British films, and is set during preparations for a funeral procession in a northern town, with the extravagant undertakers parading the coffin at the video's climax and Ifans playing the part of a high-kicking funeral director whose own funeral it is.

The video is based on the film and play Billy Liar with Ifans playing the role of Billy. The Gallaghers play Shadrack & Duxbury, the owners of the funeral parlour where Billy works. The rest of the band (Gem, Andy and Zak) make brief appearances as lazy workers playing cards in the undertaker's office. The video is similar in style and concept to the black and white 1966 music video for "Dead End Street" by The Kinks. Liam Gallagher's second child, Lennon, cameos in the video.

A short behind-the-scenes documentary of the making of the music video, which was shot partly in Greenwich, was directed by Dick Carruthers. Archer describes it as "the best video I think we've ever done".

Track listings

 * UK and Japanese CD single; digital download
 * 1) "The Importance of Being Idle" (Noel Gallagher)
 * 2) "Pass Me Down the Wine" (Liam Gallagher)
 * 3) "The Quiet Ones" (Gem Archer)

 * UK DVD single
 * 1) "The Importance of Being Idle"
 * 2) "The Importance of Being Idle" (demo)
 * 3) "The Importance of Being Idle" (video)
 * 4) "The Making Of" (documentary)

 * UK 7-inch single and European CD1
 * 1) "The Importance of Being Idle" (N. Gallagher)
 * 2) "Pass Me Down the Wine" (L. Gallagher)

 * European CD2
 * 1) "The Importance of Being Idle" (N. Gallagher)
 * 2) "Pass Me Down the Wine" (L. Gallagher)
 * 3) "The Quiet Ones" (Archer)
 * 4) "The Importance of Being Idle" (video clip)

Credits and personnel

 * Noel Gallagher – vocals, lead guitar
 * Andy Bell – bass
 * Gem Archer – rhythm guitar, keyboards
 * Zak Starkey – drums

title: The Importance of Being Idle (song)


text:
File:Tourniquet - Stop the Bleeding.jpg

Fair use in Stop the Bleeding (Tourniquet album)
Though this image is subject to copyright, I feel its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It is a low resolution copy of a CD album cover.
 * 2) It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD album in any way.
 * 3) Copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist, Tourniquet (band).

title: File:Tourniquet - Stop the Bleeding.jpg


text:
Shi Jin

Shi Jin is a fictional character in Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels in Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Nine-Tattoo Dragon", he ranks 23rd among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the 108 Stars of Destiny.

Background
The only child of Squire Shi, headman of the Shi Family Village in Huayin County (in present-day Shaanxi province), Shi Jin is very passionate about martial arts since childhood that his father keeps looking for better instructors to train him. To look awesome, he even has nine dragons tattooed on his body, which earn him the nickname "Nine-Tattoo Dragon".

Meeting Wang Jin
Shi Jin is the first of the 108 Stars of Destiny to appear in the novel. He is practising with a staff in his house's courtyard when Wang Jin, an instructor of the imperial guards in the imperial capital Dongjing, walks in. Wang is temporarily putting up in the Shi household with his mother. They are fleeing to Weizhou and have by chance come to the Shi manor, where they are offered free lodgings for a night by the kindly Squire Shi. But the mother fell ill and the stay has to be extended. Wang has secretly left Dongjing in fear of revenge from his new boss Grand Marshal Gao Qiu. Gao was once beaten by Wang's father in a row at a time when Gao was still a commoner.

Finding Shi Jin's fighting skill wanting, Wang makes a frank comment which the young man overhears. Stung and ignoring his father's objection, Shi Jin challenges Wang to a fight. He is easily beaten by Wang. Humbled, Shi Jin apologises to the instructor and asks him to be his teacher.

Wang Jin coaches Shi Jin for some time before continuing his journey to Weizhou. Shi Jin becomes headman of Shi Family Village after his father died.

Becoming an outlaw

Chen Da, one of the three bandit chiefs on Mount Shaohua (少華山; southeast of present-day Hua County, Shaanxi), comes by Shi Family Village with his men on the way to plunder the well-stocked Huayin County for food. Shi Jin blocks his path and captures him in a one-on-one fight on horseback. When told the news, the other two chiefs, Zhu Wu and Yang Chun, comes to the village to beg Shi Jin to arrest them as well so that they can fulfill their oath to die together. Moved by their bond, Shi Jin frees Chen and becomes a friend of the three. Henceforth, the two sides often exchange gifts and hold feast for each other.

One day, a servant of Shi Jin, when returning from an errand to invite the bandit chiefs to a feast at his master's house, loses the reply letter of the outlaws after getting drunk and falling asleep in a grove. The letter is taken away by a hunter who submits it to the authorities. Soldiers are sent to Shi Jin's house to arrest the bunch on the night of the feast.

Finding his manor surrounded, Shi Jin burns it down and fights his way out with the bandit chiefs. They make it to Mount Shaohua, where Shi Jin declines Zhu Wu's plea that he be their chief. He leaves for Weizhou to look for Wang Jin.

In Weizhou (渭州; around present-day Pingliang, Gansu), Shi Jin could not find his teacher but meets and befriends Lu Da, a local garrison officer. Later, as he wanders aimlessly and resorts to robbery to obtain money, he runs into Lu Da again, who by then has become a monk with the Buddhist name Lu Zhishen to conceal his identity as he had killed a bully. The two joins together to defeat and kill a monk and a priest who enslaves the monks of a temple and holds a woman in captivity.

Joining Liangshan
Shi Jin returns to Mount Shaohua and is made its chief. One day he learns that Prefect He, the governor of Hua prefecture, or Huazhou, has abducted the daughter of a painter to force her to be his concubine. Shi sneaks into the prefect's house to save the woman but is captured.

The news riles Lu Zhishen, who has come to invite Shi Jin to join Liangshan. He rushes to Huazhou alone to rescue Shi. But Prefect He spots Lu behaving strangely in a crowd as he contemplates assassination seeing the official appearing in public with his guards. Prefect He lures Lu to come with him to his office where the monk too is seized. Mount Shaohua turns to Liangshan for help, which promptly sends a force led by Song Jiang. Posing as imperial officials sent by the Song court to pray at the hallowed Mount Hua, the Liangshan team commands Prefect He to come out of the city to meet them. As soon as He turns up, the outlaws kill him. They then enter the city to free Shi Jin and Lu Zhishen. The bandits of Mount Shaohua, led by Shi Jin, is absorbed into Liangshan.

When Liangshan attack Dongping prefecture for food, Shi Jin volunteers to infiltrate the city to launch an internal sabotage. He takes cover in the house of a prostitute whom he once patronised. But the brothel owner squeals on him, leading to his arrest. He is freed after the outlaws overran Dongping.

Campaigns and death
Shi Jin is appointed as one of the Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals of the Liangshan cavalry after all the 108 Stars of Destiny came together in what is called the Grand Assembly, He participates in the campaigns against the Liao invaders and rebels in Song territory following amnesty from Emperor Huizong for Liangshan.

In the battle of Runzhou (潤州; present-day Runzhou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) in the campaign against Fang La, Shi Jin slays an enemy officer Shen Gang. Later, he and five other Liangshan heroes are sent to attack Yuling Pass (昱嶺關; near present-day Zhupu Village, She County, Anhui), which is guarded by Pang Wanchun. Shi Jin meets his end when Pang hits him with an arrow. The other five were fatally shot by Pang's archers.

title: Shi Jin


text:
John Swales

John Malcolm Swales (born 1938) is a linguist best known for his work on genre analysis, particularly with regard to its application to the fields of rhetoric, discourse analysis, English for Academic Purposes and, more recently, information science. His writing has studied second language acquisition.

Biography
He was born in 1938 in Reigate, in the south of England, and attended various private schools before going up to Queens' College, Cambridge in 1957, graduating with a degree in psychology. He first taught in southern Italy for two years, both in a high school and at the local university, and then went to Sweden for a year as an English language teacher. His next move was as an Assistant Lecturer at the University of Libya from 1963-65. After a year studying for an advanced diploma in linguistics and English language teaching at the University of Leeds, UK he returned to Libya as Head of the English Section at the College of Engineering in Tripoli. After three more years at the Leeds Institute of Education, he returned to the Middle East, this time to the prestigious University of Khartoum, Sudan, where he was Director of the English Language Servicing Unit from 1973-1978. He returned to the UK in 1978 as a senior lecturer (later reader) in the Language Studies Unit at the University of Aston, where he jointly developed the first master’s course in the teaching of English for Specific Purposes.

In 1985 he moved to the University of Michigan on a visiting position and in 1987 was appointed Professor of Linguistics. He was appointed Director of the English Language Institute from 1985 to 2001. He retired in 2007, but remains Professor Emeritus of Linguistics and an active scholar. His writing on topics such as the concept of discourse community, the relating of descriptive linguistic research to pedagogical uptake, and the design of materials for advanced learners of English, has been influential in many countries around the world. In particular, his analysis of research article introductions (known as the CARS Model, short for "Creating A Research Space") has been widely adopted and extended. In more recent years, John Swales has been closely involved with two corpus projects at the English Language Institute at the University of Michigan: MICASE (The Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English) and MICUSP (The Michigan Corpus of Upper Level Student Papers). He has honorary doctoral degrees from Uppsala University (2004) and the University of Silesia (2015).

Overall, he has written or co-written twenty books and about 130 research articles or book chapters. He continues to be frequently invited to be a keynote speaker at conferences around the world. A partial list of his book-length publications follows.

Selected publications

 * That's One Good Thing About Dictators!: My Experience in Libya (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1969)
 * Episodes in ESP (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985, ISBN 0-132-83383-2)
 * Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings (Cambridge, 1990, ISBN 0-521-33813-1)
 * Other Floors, Other Voices: A Textography of a Small University Building (Erlbaum, 1998, ISBN 0-805-82088-4)
 * English in Today’s Research World: A Writing Guide (with C. B. Feak) (University of Michigan Press, 2000, ISBN 0-472-08713-4)
 * Academic Writing for Graduate Students, 2nd Ed. (with C. B. Feak) (Michigan, 2004, ISBN 0-472-08856-4)
 * Research Genres: Explorations and Applications (Cambridge, 2004, ISBN 0-521-53334-1)
 * Telling a Research Story: Writing a Literature Review (with C. B. Feak) (Michigan, 2009, ISBN 0-472-03336-0)
 * Abstracts and the Writing of Abstracts (with C. B. Feak) (Michigan, 2009, ISBN 0-472-03335-2)
 * Incidents in an Educational Life: A Memoir (of sorts) (Michigan, 2009, ISBN 0-472-03358-1)
 * Aspects of Article Introductions (Michigan, 2011, ISBN 0-472-03474-X)
 * Navigating Academia: Writing Supporting Genres (with C. B. Feak) (Michigan, 2011, ISBN 0-472-03453-7)
 * Creating Contexts: Writing Introductions Across Genres (with C. B. Feak) (Michigan, 2011, ISBN 0-472-03456-1)
 * Academic Writing for Graduate Students, 3rd Ed. (with C. B. Feak) (Michigan, 2012, ISBN 0-472-03475-8)
 * Reflections on the concept of discourse community (ASp, n. 69, 2016)
 * Other Floors, Other Voices: A Textography of a Small University Building, Twentieth Anniversary Ed. (University of Michigan Press, 2018, ISBN 0-472-03717-X)

title: John Swales


text:
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Whale shark name?
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Actually...
Per Naming conventions (people) it should be at AKINO (like Hulk Hogan The Rock (entertainer) etc)  Glen   04:03, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

The Football League 2005-06
Are you one of these deletionist people? Kingjeff 05:27, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

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What's wrong?
Hey, man, what's wrong with you? Why do you offend me? J.League Championship is finished and all scorers are known, what's wrong with it? --Repli cant 08:59, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

What's wrong?
What's wrong with you revert interwiki link ? Can you explain that? I reverted your edit already by the way. --Manop - TH (talk) 05:47, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

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Football League First Division
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The format is the same for all titles, Japanese or American. The vacant section is the same. --HHH Pedrigree (talk) 14:53, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Surge79uwf


text:
Ryan Martinie

Ryan Daniel Martinie (born August 6, 1975) is an American musician, best known as the bassist for heavy metal band Mudvayne.

Early life
Ryan Martinie was born on August 6, 1975, in Peoria, Illinois.

Mudvayne
In 1996, Mudvayne was formed. They initially had a different bass player, Shawn Allen (Barclay was a joke name for insiders). In 1997, still with Shawn as their bass player, Mudvayne released their first EP, Kill, I Oughta. The band released five studio albums in their career, and remained active until 2010 when they went on an indefinite hiatus. Mudvayne announced in April 2021 that they were reuniting for their first shows in more than a decade and possibly new music.

Other projects
Martinie was the guest bassist on Kurai, a project created by guitarist and vocalist Scott Von Heldt. The drummer was Abel Vallejo, the drum tech for Korn. The group released their debut EP, Breaking the Broken on December 17, 2013.

In 2015, Martinie began playing with a jazz fusion / progressive rock trio Soften the Glare. They recorded their first album Making Faces which was released on September 1, 2017.

Martinie has a "not yet defined" side project that he intends to materialize, saying "People are going to have to see my ugly mug again whether you want to or not... There is a lot going on it's just whether these things end up being Mudvayne things or other things I'm not going to worry about what ends up being what or where it goes". He said that his playing style will differ from that which was heard in Mudvayne. On August 2, 2012, Korn announced that Ryan Martinie will join them on their European tour that kicked off in Poland, as the band's bassist Fieldy and his wife were expecting a child. He starred in the meme "Most Brutal Death Metal Scream (year)" and later became popular for the "brbr deng" meme.

Musical style
Martinie is known for flicks (found throughout his music) and a flamenco style, notable on "Dull Boy" and the chorus of "Out To Pasture" in some way. On the chorus of "Out To Pasture", he does a "fast flamenco guitar-picking pattern that's as fast as my hand can possibly play. It's just this [extremely] fast pattern, and it's a sleeper, because it sounds like I'm playing single-notes almost, or chords, like I'm strumming chords, but really what's going on there is something completely different. It's the only thing you didn't mention, which makes me really proud, because it's supposed to be transparent, which is maybe one of the most important things that has come to me – in playing and in relating to the other instruments and in particular my band." He has a unique heavy fingering technique from which he gets the percussive tone and the sharper, more extreme attack from his bass. He also uses slapping and popping techniques on the most of the L.D. 50 album, most notably on the songs like "Dig". Martinie has developed his own tapping technique on the neck where he uses his index and middle fingers to tap an octave chord, usually high on the neck, while his left hand moves notes, doublestops or chords. This is very similar to a technique used by the Who's John Entwistle. On the album Mudvayne, he also plays complex bass parts in the intros of "Beautiful And Strange" and "I Can't Wait".

Personal life
Martinie often values a private lifestyle, sharing few details to the public. He resides in Danville, Virginia. Martinie is known as an avid reader. Some of his favorite musical artists include the Beatles, John Patitucci, Chick Corea, Genesis, King Crimson, Death, Meshuggah, and Mastodon. Multiple fan accounts recall Martinie as a very kind person to his audience, often generously signing autographs for most of his fans.

Basses

 * 1x Warwick Thumb NT Fretless Custom Shop Masterbuilt 5-string. He has used this bass with Soften the Glare, and it can be seen in their music video for "March of the Cephalopods".
 * 1x Warwick Vampyre 4-string, which he was advertising back in 2003, but he always preferred his Thumb basses, so he was never actually seen with this bass. Ryan used this bass in the music video for "Happy".
 * In 2021, Martinie teamed up with Fodera and released a signature model named "Blondie".

Amplification
Martinie primarily used Ampeg SVT Pro amplifiers until The New Game was released, at which time he switched to Warwick amplification. He currently uses the Warwick Xtreme 10.1 Amp Head and four Warwick WCA 411 Pro cabinets. He is also known for slaving Greg Tribbett's guitar cabinets during live shows.

Mudvayne
Studio albums

 * L.D. 50 (2000)
 * The End of All Things to Come (2002)
 * Lost and Found (2005)
 * The New Game (2008)
 * Mudvayne (2009)

Kurai

 * Breaking the Broken (2013)

Soften the Glare

 * Making Faces (2017)
 * Glint (2020)

title: Ryan Martinie


text:
User:Makeyourself

When bored play "Longest wikipedia title" with another person. The one who reaches 10 points (each longest title is a point) wins uhm... something? rules are like Calvinball, you make them on the go, but the only other rule is that only random article is available.

title: User:Makeyourself


text:
PAST storage utility

PAST is a large-scale, distributed, persistent storage system based on the Pastry peer-to-peer overlay network.

title: PAST storage utility


text:
Grassland yellow finch

The grassland yellow finch (Sicalis luteola) is a small passerine bird. Despite its name, it is not a finch, but is a seedeater. These were formerly united with the buntings and American sparrows in the Emberizidae, but are now known to be tanagers.

It is a resident in tropical South America, from Colombia south and east to the Guianas and central Ecuador, Peru and Brazil. Birds which breed further south in Argentina and Uruguay migrate to Bolivia and southern Brazil, (the cerrado etc.), in the austral winter. There are also isolated populations in Central America and Mexico. It was discovered on Trinidad in 2004, presumably having colonised from nearby Venezuela. Also known from Barbados, certainly since 1960 if not earlier.

The grassland yellow finch, as its name implies, is found in fields and other open grassland. The female lays 3 brown-speckled pale blue-green eggs in a grassy cup nest in tall grass, and several pairs may breed close to each other in suitable areas.

The grassland yellow finch is about 12 cm long and weighs 13 g. The males have bright yellow underparts and rump, and olive yellow upperparts. The crown and nape have dark streaking, and there is yellow around the eye. Females have dark-streaked pale brown upperparts and dull yellow underparts. The call is a sharp te-tsip, and the male's song, given from a perch or in a display flight, is a series of chips, buzzes and trills.

Grassland yellow finches eat seeds and insects, and are usually seen in pairs or small groups.

title: Grassland yellow finch


text: Category:History of Bengal

title: Category:History of Bengal


text:
Talk:John Swales

Untitled
Msanford 23:49, 1 February 2007 (UTC)
 * As an academic, a list of his published papers, articles and books should be included. (I have access to an extensive but likely not exhaustive bibliography of his work and will try to put it up at some point.)

not logged in when created page
user: 61.68.170.69 here is actually me :) -- ntennis 06:15, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:John Swales


text:
User talk:Neen!

If you make stupid edits like this you will be blocked from editing. Adam 06:16, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Neen!