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Dorothy Tangney

Dame Dorothy Margaret Tangney DBE (13 March 1907 – 3 June 1985) was an Australian politician. She was a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and served as a Senator for Western Australia from 1943 to 1968. She was the first woman elected to the Senate and one of the first two women elected to federal parliament, along with Enid Lyons.

Tangney was born in Perth to a working-class family of Irish descent. She spent her early years in country Western Australia and later in Fremantle. She trained as a schoolteacher and attended the University of Western Australia, where she was president of the University Labor Club. She was active in the Teachers' Union and community organisations. Tangney was elected to the Senate at the 1943 federal election, after several previous candidacies at state and federal level. She was re-elected on four further occasions before her defeat in 1967, serving nearly 25 years in the Senate. In the Senate, Tangney served on numerous committees and was particularly interested in education and social policy. She was her party's only female parliamentarian throughout her service.

Early life
Tangney was born on 13 March 1907 in North Perth, Western Australia. As an adult she claimed to have been born in 1911. She was the third of nine children born to Ellen (née Shanahan) and Eugene Tangney; her father was born in Ireland and her mother was of Irish descent. Her paternal grandfather Owen Shanahan assisted in Irish republican John Boyle O'Reilly's escape from Western Australia.

Tangney spent her early years in country Western Australia where her father was a locomotive driver and timber worker. The family lived in the Murchison for a period and later in Holyoake and Marrinup. When she was eight, her father found work in the port city of Fremantle where she attended St Joseph's Convent School. She won a scholarship to attend St Joseph's College, selling raffle tickets to raise money for her school uniform. Tangney passed her leaving certificate at the age of 15 and began training as a schoolteacher, combining her teaching work with part-time study at the University of Western Australia. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1927 and later completed a postgraduate diploma in education in 1932.

After several years in Fremantle, Tangney began teaching at Claremont Central School in 1929. She was involved in the Teachers' Union and a vice-president of the state Parents' and Citizens' Association. She attended the organisation's federal conference in Sydney in 1933 and was a delegate to the Pan-Pacific Conference in Wellington, New Zealand, in 1939.

Early political involvement
Tangney and her mother were active members of the Claremont branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). She was eventually elected to the Western Australian Labor Women's Organisation Committee, and then to the party's state executive. She helped establish the University Labor Club, later serving as its president, and was also the founding president of the Fremantle Young People's Ideal Club in 1929, which organised activities for the children of the unemployed and was absorbed into the Western Australian Young Labor League.

Tangney stood for the seat of Nedlands at the 1936 and 1939 Western Australian state elections, losing to her Nationalist opponent Norbert Keenan on both occasions. She won preselection for the ALP Senate ticket at the 1940 federal election, but was not elected.

Senate
Tangney was elected to the Senate at the 1943 federal election to fill a casual vacancy caused by the death of Bertie Johnston. She was the first woman elected to the Senate,    with her term beginning immediately upon her election; Enid Lyons simultaneously became the first woman elected to the House of Representatives. Tangney was sworn in six minutes before Lyons.

Tangney was re-elected at the 1946, 1951, 1955 and 1961 federal elections, on each occasion being placed first on the ALP's ticket in Western Australia. She was defeated at the 1967 election after being relegated to third place on the ticket. Her final term ended on 30 June 1968, after just under 25 years in the Senate. During this time she was the ALP's only female parliamentarian. Tangney's period of service was a record for parliamentary service by woman until surpassed by Kathy Sullivan in 1999 and a record for female senators until surpassed by Marise Payne in 2022. She was also the first woman to preside over the Senate, serving as a temporary chairman of committees in the early 1960s.

Political positions
In the Senate, Tangney "actively promoted the needs and interests of women, and provided vital conduits for women who approached them, either singly or in organised groups, to raise their concerns". She supported increased federal involvement in social services, including the expansion of child endowment, pensions for widow's and deserted wives, increased public housing and the introduction of a national health system with medical and hospital benefits. Tangney also took a keen interest in education, calling on greater federal support of universities. She supported the establishment of the Australian National University (ANU) and in 1951 was appointed to the inaugural ANU Council, serving until 1968.

In 1954, Tangney was elected to the ALP's parliamentary executive with the support of the left faction, although some of her views were considered right-wing. She was an anti-communist and opposed Jessie Street's Women's Charter movement, describing it as "Communist-inspired". According to her biographer Carmen Lawrence, she "projected a fairly conventional view of womanhood" and did not describe herself as a feminist. Despite her anti-communism, Tangney opposed Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War, particularly the use of national servicemen, citing the experiences of her family in earlier wars. She lobbied for the construction of a naval base in Cockburn Sound, which was eventually built as HMAS Stirling.

Later life
In 1968, despite the ALP's objection to imperial honours, Tangney became the first woman born in Western Australia to be appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE). Her award was for her services to the Australian Parliament. In retirement Tangney remained active in community causes and lived at her home in Claremont until 1978, when she moved to a nursing home. She died in Wembley on 3 June 1985, aged 78, and was buried in the Catholic section of Karrakatta Cemetery.

Legacies

 * In 1974 the federal electoral division of Tangney in Western Australia was named in her honour.
 * In 1999 a street in Canberra, formerly known as Administration Place, was changed to Dorothy Tangney Place.
 * In 1993 she and Dame Enid Lyons, the first female member of the Australian House of Representatives, appeared on an Australia Post postage stamp.
 * In 2001 she was inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women.
 * In 2013 the Norfolk Hotel in Fremantle, Western Australia was decorated with a wall sculpture of Tangney. It was carved by the Portuguese artist VHILS (aka Alexander Farto) and his assistants.
 * In March 2023, a dual bronze sculpture of Tangney and Dame Enid Lyons was placed in the gardens of Old Parliament House, Canberra. The statues, sculpted by Lis Johnson, were inspired by an iconic photograph of the pair entering the building on their first day of parliament in September 1943.

title: Dorothy Tangney


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Woodside Park, Barnet

Woodside Park is a suburban residential area in the London Borough of Barnet, in the North Finchley postal district of N12.

Description
The area to the east of the tube station consists predominantly of large Victorian and Edwardian houses, many of which have been converted into flats. It also contains Woodside Park Synagogue and a Jewish school operating from the synagogue.

The western and north-western part of the area, which can also be regarded as the part of Totteridge in N12 rather than N20, is sometimes called Woodside Park Garden Suburb and consists of semi-detached or detached 3 to 4 bedroom houses built in the 1950s. It includes the Woodside Park Club. The eastern boundary of the Garden Suburb is the Dollis Brook and the southern boundary is the Folly Brook. To the south of this suburb is Woodside Park Garden Suburb proper, an area of 1920s and 1930s houses, where all but one of the roads (Linkside) are named after places in Sussex, where the developer, one Fred Ingram, came from.

Between the Garden Suburb and the Northern line is an area originally of Victorian housing. Many of the houses, including the former residence of Spike Milligan (now marked by a blue plaque placed in 2004 - see picture in this article), have been replaced by modern housing or flats. The estate where Emma Bunton grew up is also located in the area.

There is a small amount of commercial activity around the mini roundabout at Chanctonbury Way, known as Sussex Ring, which was originally the main shopping area for Woodside Park, providing basic services such as a post office, a butcher and an ironmonger. Since the creation of North Finchley shopping parade, many of the original shops have closed down and have been replaced by specialised businesses.

History
A house of special interest is Woodside Grange built in the late 19th century. Pevsner describes it as: "Battlemented, with an irregular E entrance front of 3-2-2 bays, with stair tower rising behind." It was built by James Turle as a home and consultancy and later owned by Sir Arthur Douglas Derry the owner of Derry and Toms Store. In 1927 it was acquired by the Finchley Catholic Grammar School.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Woodside Park, Barnet


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Nové Město pod Smrkem

Nové Město pod Smrkem (Neustadt an der Tafelfichte) is a town in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,800 inhabitants.

Administrative parts
The villages Hajniště and Ludvíkov pod Smrkem are administrative parts of Nové Město pod Smrkem.

Etymology
The name literally means "New Town under Smrk".

Geography
Nové Město pod Smrkem is located about 20 km northeast of Liberec, on the border with Poland. The northern part of the municipal territory lies in the Frýdlant Hills, the southern part extends into the Jizera Mountains. The highest point is a contour line below the top of Smrk at 1115 m above sea level. The built-up area is situated in the valley of the Lomnice Stream.

History
Nové Město pod Smrkem was founded in 1584 by Melchior of Redern and called Nové České Město (Böhmisch Neustatt, literally "New Bohemian Town"). There were discovered iron ore and tin veins. In 1592 it received town privileges. From 1901, the town has its current name. Since 1945, only the Czech name is used.

In 1938, the town was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as a part of the Reichsgau Sudetenland. After World War II, the German-speaking population was expelled.

Transport
Nové Město pod Smrkem is the final station of a railway line from Liberec.

Sights
The Church of Saint Catherine was founded in 1607 and the tower was added in 1697. The nave was rebuilt to its present form in 1821–1829.

The Church of Saints Peter and Paul is located in Ludvíkov pod Smrkem. It dates from the second half of the 13th century and belongs to the best-preserved building in the region from this period. Modifications were made in the 16th and 18th centuries.

Notable people

 * Vincenz Hasak (1812–1889), German Catholic historian
 * Alfred Baeumler (1887–1968), German philosopher

Twin towns – sister cities
Nové Město pod Smrkem is twinned with:
 * 🇵🇱 Leśna, Poland
 * 🇵🇱 Mirsk, Poland
 * 🇵🇱 Świeradów-Zdrój, Poland

title: Nové Město pod Smrkem


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Talk:John Ford (Tennessee politician)

Comment
The resignation para belongs at the end of the article, not the beginning where it was put. However, as long as events are flying this fast, I will forego a thorough reediting of the article for the time being. Rlquall 12:07, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Comment
I apologize in advance if my edit is too silly, but it must be pointed out that citation is given to a mainstream news source and any edit that noted the event would come across as silly given what has occurred.TGGP 04:28, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

N
Does anyone know what his middle initial stands for for redirect and disambig purposes? Tyciol (talk) 19:07, 24 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Newton. The TN Encyclopedia of History and Culture contains articles on John and Harold, Sr, and gives his name as John Newton Ford.  I believe NJ, their father, is Newton John Ford: at least I know that his N also stands for Newton.  rags (talk) 23:08, 10 January 2018 (UTC)
 * The Harold Ford article gives their father's name as Newton Jackson Ford. Harold calls one of his sons Newton Jake.  Would his name be Newton Jackson, after his grandfather?  Seems likely.  rags (talk) 23:53, 10 January 2018 (UTC)

Sisters
There are also sisters, at least one of whom has held elective office (?Ophelia? not sure). rags (talk) 23:16, 10 January 2018 (UTC)

Defendant
OK, it's been a decade since Tennessee Waltz. I doubt it's still true that one person has yet to be tried. And who was that mysterious defendant, alleged bribor or acceptor of bribes? Is the information even relevant to this article about John Ford? Maybe not. rags (talk) 15:09, 21 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Ford (Tennessee politician)


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Leslie Knighton

Albert Leslie Knighton (15 March 1887 – 10 May 1959) was an English football manager. He managed Arsenal, Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic, Birmingham, Chelsea and Shrewsbury Town.

Management career
Knighton was born in Church Gresley, Swadlincote, Derbyshire. His own playing career was cut short by injury, after which he moved into coaching and management. He first had spells as an assistant manager at Manchester City (1909–12) and Huddersfield Town (1912–19) – and was briefly caretaker manager of the latter in 1912. In 1919 Knighton was appointed secretary-manager of Arsenal, shortly after the club had been promoted to the First Division.

He oversaw the club for six years, but Arsenal never finished higher than mid-table, their best finish during his tenure being ninth in 1920-21. Neither did Arsenal do well in the FA Cup under Knighton - in only one season, 1921-22, did Arsenal get beyond the second round of the competition, eventually losing to Preston North End in a quarter-final replay.

During his time at Arsenal, Knighton had numerous fallings-out with Arsenal chairman Sir Henry Norris; Norris put a strict cap of £1,000 on transfer fees and refused to sign any player under 5'8" tall or eleven stone. When Knighton signed the 5' tall Hugh "Midget" Moffatt from Workington in 1923, Norris was furious when he found out; he overruled his manager and promptly sold the player to Luton Town before he'd played a League game. To get round Norris's rules, Knighton used his guile to sign some unusual transfers, such as the amateurs Reg Boreham and Jimmy Paterson - the latter was the Arsenal club doctor's brother-in-law, and went on to play nearly 80 games for Arsenal.

Despite Norris's interfering, Knighton, thanks to an informal scouting system of his friends and former colleagues in the North, signed several high-quality players for Arsenal; these included Bob John, Jimmy Brain and Alf Baker, all of whom would be part of Arsenal's trophy-winning side of the early 1930s. However, he could never knit together a solid winning side and Arsenal's performances gradually declined towards the end of his tenure; they finished 19th in 1923-24 and 20th in 1924-25.

During his final season at Arsenal, Knighton was involved in one of the first recorded cases of doping; before a January 1925 FA Cup first round tie against West Ham United, Knighton gave the players what he described as "little silver pills", given to him by a Harley Street doctor who was a fan of the club; although the pills were successful in increasing the players' energy, the side-effects caused them to have raging thirst. Arsenal drew the match 0-0 and before the replay they rebelled and refused to take them; Arsenal eventually lost 1-0 in the second replay after the first finished 2-2. Knighton's activities, entirely legal under the rules at the time, were not made public until he recounted the episode in his memoirs.

Norris dismissed Knighton in the summer of 1925 and replaced him with Herbert Chapman. Knighton later alleged that Norris has only sacked him to avoid paying him a bonus (estimated at up to £4,000) from a benefit match that he was due. Norris denied this and instead cited Arsenal's poor record that season (having finished 20th and knocked out of the FA Cup first round), but later regretted his dismissal, stating it was the one mistake in his career and in his will left Knighton £100.

After leaving the Gunners, Knighton went on to manage Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic (1925–28), Birmingham (1928–33), whom he led to the 1931 FA Cup Final, Chelsea (1933–39) taking over from the long serving David Calderhead, and Shrewsbury Town (1945–48), before their election to the Football League. Knighton retired to Bournemouth after suffering ill health and took on the less pressurised job of a golf club secretary, during which he found time to write an autobiography, Behind the Scenes in Big Football (1948). He died in 1959, aged 72.

title: Leslie Knighton


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Boris Gardiner

Boris Gardiner (born 13 January 1943) is a Jamaican singer, songwriter and bass guitarist. He was a member of several groups during the 1960s before recording as a solo artist and having hit singles with "Elizabethan Reggae" (in 1970), "I Wanna Wake Up with You" and "You're Everything to Me" (both 1986). One of his most notable credits is bass on the influential reggae song "Real Rock".

Career
Born in the Rollington Town area of Kingston, Jamaica, Gardiner attended Franklin Town Government School and St Monica's College, dropping out of education after being diagnosed with tachycardia.

In 1960 he joined Richard Ace's band the Rhythm Aces, which also included Delano Stewart, later of the Gaylads. With the group he recorded "Angella", and the local hits "A Thousand Teardrops" and "C-H-R-I-S-T-M-A-S" (written with his brother Barrington). The group split up and by 1963 Gardiner had joined Kes Chin and The Souvenirs as vocalist, and began learning guitar. He went on to join Carlos Malcolm & the Afro Caribs with whom he started playing bass guitar after the original bassist left, and when that band ended he started his own group, the Broncos, named after the Bronco Club where they had a residency. He later played with Byron Lee's Dragonaires. In the late 1960s and 1970s he worked extensively as a session musician as a member of the Now Generation, The Upsetters, The Aggrovators, and The Crystallites. While working at Studio One he played on hits such as The Heptones' "On Top", Larry and Alvin's "Nanny Goat", and Marcia Griffiths' "Feel Like Jumping".

As a solo artist, Gardiner had a hit with the song "Elizabethan Reggae" in 1970, a version of Ronald Binge's "Elizabethan Serenade". When the single was released in the United Kingdom, the first copies were printed with the label incorrectly identifying Byron Lee (not Gardiner) as the performer. Lee was the producer of the track. The UK Singles Chart printed this error for the first chart entry and the first four weeks of its re-entry into the charts. After 28 February 1970, all printings gave Gardiner credit. Boris told Jamaican vlogger Teach Dem on February 14, 2023 that he did not receive a penny of royalties, or any payment, for "Elizabethan Reggae".

His debut album, Reggae Happening, was also released in 1970 but did not chart. Music journalist Ian McCann said that the album "sold respectably for a reggae LP" in the UK. Gardiner's music continued to be popular in Jamaica, but interest waned in the UK. During the 1970s he continued session work, including several recordings for Lee "Scratch" Perry including Junior Murvin's "Police and Thieves".

The Boris Gardiner Happening recorded a version of "Ain't No Sunshine" in 1973 with Paul Douglas singing lead, and Boris Gardiner playing bass guitar, for the album Is What's Happening.

In 1986, Gardiner recorded the single "I Wanna Wake Up with You", which became a surprise number one hit in the UK. It spent two months in the top ten. The accompanying album, Everything to Me also included the follow-up hit, "You're Everything to Me", which peaked at number 11. The single "The Meaning of Christmas" (a re-recording of "C-H-R-I-S-T-M-A-S") was also released later that year, and was a minor hit. Later, Gardiner signed to RCA Records. In 2002, a 22-track anthology, The Very Best of Boris Gardiner, was issued on CD by Music Club.

In 2015, his song "Every Nigger Is a Star" was sampled on "Wesley's Theory", the opening track of Kendrick Lamar's To Pimp a Butterfly. The song also opens the 2016 film Moonlight.

Albums

 * Reggae Happening (1970), Trojan
 * It's So Nice to Be with You (1970), Steady
 * Soulful Experience (1971), Dynamic Sounds
 * For All We Know (1972), Dynamic Sounds
 * Is What's Happening (1973), Dynamic Sounds
 * Every Nigger Is a Star OST (1973), Leal Productions
 * Everything to Me (1986), Revue, AUS No. 45
 * Lover's Lane (1989), TNT
 * Let's Take a Holiday (1992), WKS
 * Next to You (1992), VP
 * Reggae Songs of Love (Plus) (2008), Encore

Compilations

 * The Very Best of Boris Gardiner (2002), Music Club
 * I Want to Wake Up with You: The Best of Boris Gardiner (2004), Sanctuary/Trojan

title: Boris Gardiner


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Apple of Discord

The Apple of Discord (μῆλον τῆς Ἔριδος) was a golden apple dropped by Eris, the goddess of strife, at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis in the Greek myth of the Judgement of Paris. It sparked a vanity-fueled dispute among Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite that eventually led to the Trojan War.

In common parlance, the apple of discord is the core, kernel, or crux of an argument, or a small matter that could lead to a bigger dispute.

Derivative uses
In the Eixample district of Barcelona, there is a block nicknamed in Spanish La manzana de la discordia (Illa de la Discòrdia). The reason for this usage is that the word manzana means both "apple" and "city block" in Spanish. It was so named ("block of discord") because it features four different interpretations of Modernisme architecture: Antoni Gaudí's Casa Batlló, Lluís Domènech i Montaner's Casa Lleó Morera, Josep Puig i Cadafalch's Casa Amatller, and Enric Sagnier's Casa Mulleras.

"To the Most Beautiful"
In some later sources, Eris inscribed on the apple "for the fairest" or "to the most beautiful" before tossing it. The most popular version of the inscription is ΤΗΙ ΚΑΛΛΙΣΤΗΙ (τῇ καλλίστῃ, τη καλλίστη). Καλλίστῃ is the dative singular of the feminine superlative of καλός, "beautiful". In Latin sources, the word is formosissima.

In an attempt to rationalize the myth, Ptolemaeus Chennus wrote that instead of an apple, the three goddesses fought over which would get a man named Melus ("apple") as her priest, with Paris deciding in favour of Aphrodite.

title: Apple of Discord


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Indo-Pacific king mackerel

Indo-Pacific king mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus), also known as the spotted seer fish or spotted Spanish mackerel, is a sea fish among the mackerel variety of fishes. It is found in around the Indian Ocean and adjoining seas. It is a popular game fish, growing up to 45 kg, and is a strong fighter that has on occasion been seen to leap out of the water when hooked.

As food
It is popular among the countries of the Indian subcontinent including peninsular India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.

Seer fish is a delicacy in several regions of India. In Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, this fish is called Vanjaram in Tamil and Telugu as well as Shermai among the Deccanis of Telangana and is usually the costliest variety available. In the Konkan Division of coastal Maharashtra, the Marathi word for the fish is Surmāi, while in Goan Konkani it is called Visvonn or Isvonn. In coastal Karnataka, especially in the erstwhile South Canara district, they are called Anjal. In Kerala, in the region of North Malabar it is called Ayakoora whereas in southern districts of the state, it is called Ney-meen. They can be broiled, fried, and also made as curry. In addition to being cooked and eaten when fresh, it is also used to make fish pickle, usually eaten as a condiment with rice.

title: Indo-Pacific king mackerel


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Category:Spoken Wikipedia requests

To submit a request for an article to become part of WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia, just add the following template to the top of the talk page of the relevant article:

Replace  with a short explanation why you think someone should make an audio recording of the article. Something like "important subject" will do.

Of special note: Our team of volunteers will not record drafts, stubs, or anything that is short. We focus on FA first and work our way down. We will be implementing the page ranking next to the page name on this page for quicker identification.

You can find the pages in this category ordered by number of pageviews with the Massviews tool, or.

title: Category:Spoken Wikipedia requests


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Talk:Oxygen toxicity

Oxygen use by scuba divers
The article states that SCUBA divers use up to 100% oxygen. I'd like to see a cite for that; it makes no sense since it would be poison at a fairly low depth.

Learjeff (talk) 16:48, 17 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Hi Learjeff. The two biggest reasons for divers using 100% oxygen at depth are both done at shallow depths.
 * 1. Oxygen rebreathers are used by the military for shallow diving operations where detection needs to be limited. This paper discusses rebreathers and 100% oxygen use in them. (Please excuse the need for citations in the wiki article, I had not seen the requests until now and will address those soon)
 * 2. Divers use 100% oxygen for decompression stops. (Here is one of my abstracts)
 * Hope this helps! --Gene Hobbs (talk) 17:28, 17 March 2013 (UTC)

Consistency in basis of measurement, please!
I understand the distinction between oxygen partial pressure (e.g. 20% af 15 psi is 3 psi O2 partial pressure) and concentration of oxygen (oxygen percentage of inhaled atmosphere), but the article doesn't seem to. It bounces from one to the other as though they were somehow commensurate, which isn't so (e.g., 100% O2 at 5 psi and 25% O2 at 20 psi both produce an O2 partial pressure of 5 psi). If the partial pressure of O2 is relevant in some contexts and its atmospheric concentration is relevant in others, then some indication should be given of which is relevant where. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.223.125.164 (talk) 05:32, 13 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Could you be more specific please, and give some indication of where the problematic text is to be found (which section heading, at least, and if there is likely to be any confusion, quote the instance.) • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 11:47, 13 May 2013 (UTC)
 * From "Causes", subsection "Central nervous system toxicity": "Exposures, from minutes to a few hours, to partial pressures of oxygen above 1.6 bars (160 kPa)—about eight times the atmospheric concentration." Partial pressure (measured in kPa or bars) is not a concentration. Thank you, anonymous editor. I shall check through the whole article. Axl  ¤  [Talk]  12:23, 13 May 2013 (UTC)
 * A search on "concentration" and "fraction" shows that the use of these terms in the article is widespread, and in a high proportion of the cases they are used where partial pressure is the intended meaning. As there are many references to different ambient pressures in the article one cannot make the assumption of constant ambient pressure which would make the terms effectively equivalent, so they will have to be changed. I will make a start. Good feedback from 199.223.125.164. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 08:59, 14 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I have changed all the instances that I consider ambiguous. Those remaining seem appropriate. The section on Mechanism refers to dissolved oxygen, and I think concentration is appropriate in that context, but will defer to expert opinion. Otherwise most instances are now either referring to gas fraction directly as a percentage, or are in an implied normobaric context. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 09:37, 14 May 2013 (UTC)
 * The only problem is that the sources quite often use the word 'concentration' in an informal sense to mean either partial pressure or volume fraction (which coincide numerically at normobaric pressures). The first one I spot-checked was Bitterman 2009 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2688103/) which contained "Resolution of the acute phase of pulmonary oxygen toxicity or prolonged exposures to oxygen at sublethal concentrations such as during prolonged hyperoxic mechanical ventilation ...". Pedantically, there is no such thing as a "[sub]lethal concentration" of oxygen, since any concentration would become toxic at sufficiently high ambient pressure, but we all understand what Bitterman is saying. It may be that we need to consistently use "partial pressure of x bar" when considering exposure, but please remember that it is a cumbersome phrase, and "concentration of x" (implied at normal atmospheric pressure) represents the same condition, so many sources themselves do not distinguish between the two phrases. --RexxS (talk) 16:16, 14 May 2013 (UTC)
 * In "Causes", subsection "Pulmonary toxicity", paragraph 2, it is unclear if the rat experiments are at atmospheric pressure. At first, I assumed that this was the case. However the last sentence of the paragraph implies hyperbaric conditions. Axl  ¤  [Talk]  20:51, 14 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Demchenko et al's 2007 paper was conducted by having rats breathe >98% O2 at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 ATA, so the answer is "both", but it's effectively a hyperbaric trial. The authors are all colleagues of our Gene Hobbs, so we could always get more information almost first-hand if we needed. I've tried to clarify the text. --RexxS (talk) 02:37, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks. The current information is fine. An extended statement about these experiments is beyond the scope of this article, and interested readers should go to the source. Axl  ¤  [Talk]  10:58, 15 May 2013 (UTC)

Confusion between partial pressures for pulmonary toxicity
Current text reads: The statement about 50% partial pressure reads like an introduction, but the begins with clause in the next sentence contradicts it. These do not seem to be from the same source, suggesting the first statement is without source. Does someone have an unambiguous RS telling at what point pulmonary toxicity begins? Grammar'sLittleHelper (talk) 19:36, 7 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Pulmonary toxicity occurs with exposure to partial pressures of oxygen greater than 0.5 bar (50 kPa), corresponding to 50% oxygen at normal atmospheric pressure. Signs of pulmonary toxicity begins with evidence of tracheobronchitis (inflammation of the upper airways) after an asymptomatic period between 4 and 22 hours at greater than 95% oxygen,[1]
 * Both statements can be true (and probably are) as the time depends on the partial pressure and varies between people. Information is probably available in the US Navy diving manual, freely available on the internet, and there will be lots of reliable references in the Rubicon Research Repository also freely accessible, and definitely in the NOAA diving manual, which is not, as far as I know, freely available. It is more likely that the description needs to be clarified than that there is an error in the facts. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 19:58, 7 April 2016 (UTC)
 * OK, if I close one eye and squint the other, I can see that it might be consistent. But to a prima facie reader, I think it is confusing and contradictory.  I look forward to a clarified text from some editor who has greater certainty of the subject. Grammar'sLittleHelper (talk) 21:06, 7 April 2016 (UTC)
 * This is a fair point. I can see that my small edit may not have been sufficient to provide complete clarity to the layperson. My uncertainty in this case is specific to the numbers, not the concept. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 06:56, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * The figure of 0.5 bar was established by Lambertsen et al in 1987:
 * Lambertsen CJ, Clark JM, Gelfand R, et al. Definition of tolerance to continuous hyperoxia in man: an abstract report of predictive studies V. In: Bove AA, Bachrach AJ, Greenbaum LJ, eds. Proc 9th International Symposium on Underwater and Hyperbaric Physiology. Undersea and Hyperbaric Society, Bethesda, MD. 1987: 717-735.
 * The tolerance curves connecting O2 partial pressure and duration of exposure derived experimentally can be seen in the current reference 19:
 * The CNS tolerance curve is asymptotic to about 2.0 bar and the pulmonary toxicity curves asymptotic to 0.5 bar and represent exposures in excess of 30 hours for partial pressures marginally above 0.5 bar. These are typical relationships for normal individuals, not lower limits for the population as a whole. Signs may be observed as early as 4 hours if the partial pressure of O2 is higher. That's exactly what is written in the article.
 * SF: in excess of 30 hours is not in the current text, but is vital to understanding. Please add it.
 * I concur that the time scale is relevant and improves understanding. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 06:56, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * The problem is that you're trying to put a number of hours to when a curve reaches an asymptote. It doesn't. You might as well pluck out a figure of 36 hours or 24 hours instead of 30 hours. There's no simple number that does anything but mislead the reader. I've created a graph similar to Bitterman's, but much simpler, to illustrate the decrement in lung vital capacity resulting from pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Does that help? --RexxS (talk) 09:48, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * I find it useful information and relevant to the point. Whether it is sufficient for everybody I cannot say.• • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 10:45, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Now, I'm about to revert your edits because in a search for simpler language you've altered the meaning in several places. I'll give some examples:
 * Oxygen toxicity is managed by reducing the exposure to increased oxygen levels / Oxygen toxicity is managed by reducing the oxygen levels - for individuals undergoing recompression treatment, for example, the risk of pulmonary oxygen toxicity is managed by having a 5 minute "air break" every 30 minutes. Even a brief reduction in exposure allows the lungs to recover significantly. It's not the level of oxygen, it's the length of exposure that is used.
 * SF: The phrase, reducing the exposure to increased oxygen levels is self-contradictory. If you already know what it means, you do not need to read it.  But if you read it as a new person, it is difficult to scan.  How about periodically reducing the oxygen levels. I that is what you are describing?
 * My understanding of air breaks is that they are used to reduce the risk of CNS toxic episodes, and I do not know of them having a significant influence on pulmonary toxicity.• • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 06:56, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * No Peter. CNS seizures are ideally managed in situ, simply by removing the mask or hood from the patient and waiting for the seizure to subside before returning to oxygen breathing. There's nothing periodic about that. Air breaks are specifically designed to reduce pulmonary toxicity because of the effect that the lungs recover much more rapidly than they deteriorate. A 5-minute air break can allow the lungs to recover from 25 minutes of breathing oxygen at any ambient pressure below about 3 bar. @SF: Reducing the exposure to breathing at a given partial pressure means reducing the length of time spent breathing at that pressure. There's nothing self-contradictory about that. Your version implies that lower levels of oxygen may be used to manage risk of toxicity. That's simply untrue: the partial pressures used are decided by the treatment schedule for recompression (which depends on depth and duration of the dive and severity of symptoms). Toxicity is managed by treatment of any seizures (CNS) and air breaks (pulmonary) as I've explained. --RexxS (talk) 09:48, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Interesting. I am surprised that I managed to retain that misapprehension for so long. I will look for further clarification in the literature. If you can direct me to a good reference it may save me time. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 10:45, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm glad you asked, that,, because it forced me to search for sources for something I'd taken for granted for years. Turning to Bennett & Elliott (5th Ed), Moon and Gorman state on page 621 "... implement 100% O2 breathing throughout the entire treatment, with the exception of short 'air beaks', used to minimize pulmonary and CNS toxicity." So they attribute the breaks to both forms of toxicity. However, on pages 391 and 393, Clark and Thom provide graphs showing rates of decrement and recovery of lung vital capacity, where it can be seen that the reduction in VC occurs at rates of 1-2% per hour, depending on pp of O2, whereas recovery of VC initially takes place at rates of between 5-10% per hour or more. As for CNS toxicity, we usually track the CNS loading with the "oxygen clock", and that is normally considered to decay exponentially with a nominal half-time of 90 minutes at the surface. Calculating 2^(-5/90) we get 0.96, which isn't much of reduction in loading for a 5 minutes air break (even it were at 1 bar, which it isn't). The air break is going to give some small protection against CNS toxicity, but nothing like the prophylactic effect against pulmonary toxicity. Sorry about the synthesis and I'll keep looking for a good source that spells out the effect explicitly. Maybe will know? --RexxS (talk) 14:00, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * I have managed to find a couple of references that support the use of air breaks to reduce CNS risk - http://ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/content/1/5/150.full.pdf Hyperbaric oxygen therapy by Andrew David Pitkin MRCP, Nicholas John Hawksley Davies DM MRCP FRCA in British Journal of Anaesthesia CEPD Reviews  Volume 1 Number 5 2001 p155 Oxygen toxicity to the central nervous system, states "The development of oxygen toxicity is dependent on both partial pressure (dose) and the time of exposure. It is found that ‘air breaks’ lasting 5 min, i.e. short periods breathing air that interrupt the periods  breathing  oxygen  at  30  min  intervals,  allow  recovery  of antioxidant  defences.  This  strategy  significantly  extends  the time of HBO before there are any manifestations of oxygen toxicity. It is a much more effective way of preventing seizures that giving  prophylactic  anticonvulsants."  and at http://www.nbdhmt.org/position_statements.asp  National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology Position Statements Intermittent Air Breathing: (2009-04) August 2009 "It is the position of the National Board of Diving & Hyperbaric Medical Technology that every recompression treatment facility and every clinical hyperbaric chamber, regardless of type or class, be equipped to provide intermittent air breathing. Intermittent air breathing, commonly referred to as an ‘air break', serves to prophylax against and lower the incidence of, central nervous system oxygen toxicity. Intermittent air breathing also serves to treat premonitory signs and symptoms of oxygen toxicity, thereby reducing the potential for symptom progression to overt seizure. The application and sequencing of intermittent air breathing will be at the discretion of the hyperbaric physician. However, intermittent air breathing should be immediately instituted (by either the multiplace chamber tender or monoplace chamber operator) whenever an acute change in patient status occurs and is consistent with, or suggestive of, CNS oxygen toxicity. " Rubicon Research Repository has several articles referring to air breaks as protection against pulmonary tox in rats, but after going through about a hundred abstracts I ran out of steam. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 19:52, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * The Pitkin paper is published in British Journal of Anaesthesia, so has a good provenance. It also suggests a mechanism, so is convincing. The only problem for me is that Pitkin doesn't say what studies or reports his statement is based on, so I went to his "key references" section to see if I could track down his source. Oddly, the likeliest-looking source is given as a committee report by NP Hampson, UHMS 1999. I say odd because I don't know of NP Hampson, but NB Hampson has 18 publications in the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal that are archived at Rubicon. None of those is a 1999 committee report on HBOT, though. Anyway, the article is certainly reliable enough by Wikipedia standards, but personally I tend to be a little wary of articles where I can't find the source for the conclusions. I'll drop Gene a line and see if he can tell me where to find Hampson's report. --RexxS (talk) 22:28, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Would that be NP Hampson, the famous typographical error? • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 17:15, 9 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Protocols for avoidance of hyperoxia exist in fields where oxygen is breathed at higher-than-normal partial pressures / Protocols have been designed to avoid hyperoxia in the situations where it is a hazard - No. The protocols are specifically for use "where oxygen is breathed at higher-than-normal partial pressures", not some vague "situations where it is a hazard", which presumably might include fire hazard, etc.
 * SF: In the original text, the usage of "hyperoxia" is incorrect. See hyperoxia.  When oxygen is breathed at higher-than-normal partial pressures, hyperoxia is inevitable and cannot be prevented.  What CAN be prevented is oxygen toxicity, which is a hazard.  This statement should be corrected.
 * The text should read "for avoidance of the effects of hyperoxia". That's a good catch, but the "hazard" phraseology is very wrong. I'll amend the text. --RexxS (talk) 09:48, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * hyperoxia seizures - Please don't make up terms that don't exist in the literature.
 * SF: You are correct -- should have been hyoperoxic seizures].
 * I don't recognise that either. What makes tecvault.t101.ro a reliable source? I'm not aware of Johnny E. Brian's credentials as a published expert in the field. It's better to stick with what we find in the current sources as they have been vetted during the GAN and FAC processes. --RexxS (talk) 09:48, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * relative rarity - relative to what?
 * SF: This should be decreased incidence. The phrase "increasing rarity" is awkward and unnatural. The language does not usually increase to zero.
 * I disagree. Google finds plenty of ghits for "increasing rarity". The phrase "decreased incidence" is not a synonym and is less precise. A decrease in incidence from '1 in 2' to '1 in 3' would be "decreased incidence" as would a decrease in incidence from '1 in 20,000' to '1 in 30,000'; but only the latter would be an "increasing rarity". --RexxS (talk) 09:48, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * problems of managing premature infants / the problems of neonatal care of premature infants - This is a Featured Article. We don't use three words when one will do.
 * SF: The original text suggests those babies get annual performance reviews.  But since they are confined to incubators, they are easy to manage -- the problem is keeping them alive.
 * No, the main problem is finding a balance between keeping very premature babies alive and allowing their retinas to develop normally, which requires protocols to ensure adequate monitoring of their eyes' development while keeping them on supplemental oxygen. I really don't see where you find anything suggestive of "annual performance reviews" in the article text. --RexxS (talk) 09:48, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * the lower limit for toxicity is more than 0.3 bar / the minimum for toxicity is more than 0.3 bar - poor phrasing, begging the question "minimum what"? "lower limit" is clear and precise.
 * SF: "Lower limit" means something can go no lower, or should not be allowed to go lower. It does not mean what is intended here.  Minimum toxicity is meaningful in such contexts as
 * "A preliminary evaluation of efficacy and minimum toxic concentration of AQUI-S";
 * "We also calculated the "minimum toxicity" of the tested chemicals."
 * "predictions of minimum toxicity for nonreactive nonelectrolyte organic compounds"
 * "Limit" is also used as a value which is approached but not crossed by a trend. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 06:56, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * SF: Sure. But the dosage of oxygen delivered to the tissues is the subject. Surely we do not "limit" the dosage so that the patient always receives the toxic level, and hopefully nothing else "limits" the dosage in that way either.  Minimum toxicity is the term of art.  Why not use it? Grammar'sLittleHelper (talk) 07:11, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Because there's no source for a "minimum toxicity" for oxygen. There is a lower limit for the value of the inspired partial pressure of oxygen which can produce toxicity, probably somewhere between 0.3 and 0.7 bar, depending on other factors. Both Lambertsen and Bitterman discuss "lower limit" when discussing tolerance curves, but neither refers to a "minimum toxicity". Do you have a source that uses "minimum toxicity" in this context? --RexxS (talk) 09:48, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * And so on. If you want to discuss these changes, then I'm happy to do so. --RexxS (talk) 21:11, 7 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Discussion open. Grammar'sLittleHelper (talk) 22:43, 7 April 2016 (UTC)
 * ,, please edit your interleaved comments above do that a third party can follow the discussion. Currently it is very difficult to see who said what, and I would like to add my input. Cheers, • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 06:21, 8 April 2016 (UTC)--RexxS (talk) 10:32, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * "predictions of minimum toxicity for nonreactive nonelectrolyte organic compounds"
 * "Limit" is also used as a value which is approached but not crossed by a trend. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 06:56, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * SF: Sure. But the dosage of oxygen delivered to the tissues is the subject. Surely we do not "limit" the dosage so that the patient always receives the toxic level, and hopefully nothing else "limits" the dosage in that way either.  Minimum toxicity is the term of art.  Why not use it? Grammar'sLittleHelper (talk) 07:11, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Because there's no source for a "minimum toxicity" for oxygen. There is a lower limit for the value of the inspired partial pressure of oxygen which can produce toxicity, probably somewhere between 0.3 and 0.7 bar, depending on other factors. Both Lambertsen and Bitterman discuss "lower limit" when discussing tolerance curves, but neither refers to a "minimum toxicity". Do you have a source that uses "minimum toxicity" in this context? --RexxS (talk) 09:48, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * And so on. If you want to discuss these changes, then I'm happy to do so. --RexxS (talk) 21:11, 7 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Discussion open. Grammar'sLittleHelper (talk) 22:43, 7 April 2016 (UTC)
 * ,, please edit your interleaved comments above do that a third party can follow the discussion. Currently it is very difficult to see who said what, and I would like to add my input. Cheers, • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 06:21, 8 April 2016 (UTC)--RexxS (talk) 10:32, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * ,, please edit your interleaved comments above do that a third party can follow the discussion. Currently it is very difficult to see who said what, and I would like to add my input. Cheers, • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 06:21, 8 April 2016 (UTC)--RexxS (talk) 10:32, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

I've revisited 's multiple changes and incorporated those that will have consensus to a greater or lesser extent. I find that the remainder remove nuances (such as replacing "is usually associated with" by "causes"; replacing "coldness" with "hypothermia"), or dilute the point of the text (such as removing the statement that CNS toxicity can only occur under hyperbaric conditions), or are tautological (such as "the lungs and respiratory tract"). Please feel free to discuss further disputed changes below. --RexxS (talk) 10:32, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Instead of "sea-level air has a partial pressure of oxygen of 0.21 bar (21 kPa) and the lower limit for toxicity is more than 0.3 bar (30 kPa)", how about "sea-level air has a partial pressure of oxygen of 0.21 bar (21 kPa) but toxicity does not occur below 0.3 bar (30 kPa)." Axl ¤ [Talk] 10:44, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Interestingly, there is a slight contradiction with the phrase "Pulmonary toxicity occurs only with exposure to partial pressures of oxygen greater than 0.5 bar (50 kPa)". The key word here is "only". Can pulmonary toxicity ever occur with pO2 between 30 and 50 kPa? Axl ¤ [Talk] 10:48, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Actually, we don't know. All I can say is that I'm unaware of any reported incidents and that Lambertsen's conclusions settled on 0.5 bar as the lower limit for a normal male. Nevertheless susceptibility to toxicity seems very variable within the population. It seems likely that carbon dioxide retention and maybe the relative abundance of anti-oxidants in the body are also significant contributory factors, so I'd hate to try to quantify the susceptibility. We can be pretty sure the lower limit is at least 0.3 bar and it's probably more than 0.5 bar most of the time, but we misrepresent current knowledge if we try to be more precise. I know that's not much help. Anyway, I'd be perfectly happy with your reformulation of the text and it might meet one of Sfarney's concerns. Would "... toxicity has never been observed below 0.3 bar" be unnecessarily cagey? --RexxS (talk) 11:27, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Has it ever been reported below 0.5 bar? (whether it has been observed doesn't help us if it hasn't been reported, and by reported I imply by a plausible source, but not necessarily WP:MEDREF) • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 12:20, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Have a look at JM Clark's 1970 PhD thesis from http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/3863 pages 157–161 and you'll see that the lower limit for the partial pressure that can be tolerated indefinitely was postulated by Clark to be 0.33 bar for normal men and the upper limit for that value was definitely 0.79 bar. Both Clark and Lambertsen propose 0.5 bar as "the best approximation". It is worthy of note that in relation to very premature infants, Patel at al 2003 states "The cause [of retrolental fibroplasia] is almost always related to the liberal administration of high concentration of oxygen above 40% for a prolonged period (1-2 days) following birth." so there's a suggestion that 0.4 bar may represent the limit for premature infants. --RexxS (talk) 12:57, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * I took a look at Clark and Lambertson. I don't see any reason not to go with their best approximation of 0.5bar or their estimated lower limit of 0.33bar for adults until someone with good credentials publishes findings that differ. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 20:19, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

I want to thank you both for your careful attendance to these edits, and your general improvements to the topic. Grammar'sLittleHelper (talk) 22:42, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * You are welcome. Attention to detail, adequate coverage, and best reasonably achievable accuracy are what we aim for. Cheers, • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 17:10, 9 April 2016 (UTC)
 * In the absence of any objection, I have adjusted the toxicity statement in the article. Axl ¤ [Talk] 09:52, 12 April 2016 (UTC)

Irritability
From "Signs and symptoms", subsection "Central nervous system": "Central nervous system oxygen toxicity manifests as... irritability (personality changes, anxiety, confusion, etc.)." I don't think that confusion is a feature of irritability. Anxiety is borderline too. Axl ¤ [Talk] 10:00, 12 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Good catch,, I've looked again at Bennett & Elliott p376 and at Donald's original reports. They talk about "changes of behaviour" as a sub-category of effects. I've changed our text to:
 * Central nervous system oxygen toxicity manifests as symptoms such as visual changes (especially tunnel vision), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), nausea, twitching (especially of the face), behavioural changes (irritability, anxiety, confusion), and dizziness.
 * It doesn't need 'etc' in a list of examples. Does that read better? --RexxS (talk) 14:57, 12 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, thank you! Axl ¤ [Talk] 18:57, 12 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, thank you! Axl</b> ¤ <small style="color:#808000">[Talk] 18:57, 12 April 2016 (UTC)

Review continued
From "Signs and symptoms", subsection "Central nervous system": "In addition, many external factors, such as underwater immersion... will decrease the time to onset of central nervous system symptoms." Is that really true? (I can see that temperature and exertion could have a bearing.) <b style="color:#808000">Axl</b> ¤ <small style="color:#808000">[Talk] 11:00, 13 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Looks very familiar, but I can't quote a source offhand. A citation would be worth finding. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 13:46, 13 April 2016 (UTC)
 * An article at http://www.alertdiver.com/oxygen_toxicity mentions the effect. The article is written for divers (non-subject matter specialists) by a well known diving medicine researcher, i.e. probably reliable. Would you consider this sufficient? • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 14:02, 13 April 2016 (UTC)
 * That source states "Cold, exercise, some drugs and increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide increase susceptibility to oxygen toxicity." There is no mention of immersion itself as a predisposing factor. <b style="color:#808000">Axl</b> ¤ <small style="color:#808000">[Talk] 14:37, 13 April 2016 (UTC)
 * It also states In general, oxygen is better tolerated in dry, resting conditions than in wet conditions and while exercising as in diving.. (last paragraph of section "Who is Exposed to the Risk of Oxygen Toxicity?") Cheers, • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 08:17, 14 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Ref for impact of immersion and exercise is here. Enjoy! --Gene Hobbs (talk) 18:08, 13 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Thank you, Gene! <b style="color:#808000">Axl</b> ¤ <small style="color:#808000">[Talk] 19:00, 13 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Professor Donald was aware of the effect as long ago as 1947. "Oxygen Poisoning in Man: Part I" (No.4 in the Sources section) contains a diagram showing his apparatus for testing divers "in the wet" and a description of his experiments - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2053251/?page=3 . He concluded "... it was strongly suggested that there was a marked decrease of average tolerance compared with that obtaining in the experiments in compressed air." I have no idea of the mechanism, but the effect is well-known. --RexxS (talk) 20:49, 13 April 2016 (UTC)

From "Signs and symptoms", subsection "Lungs": "The radiological finding from the lungs shows inflammation and swelling (pulmonary oedema)." Pulmonary oedema is not inflammation and swelling. <b style="color:#808000">Axl</b> ¤ <small style="color:#808000">[Talk] 11:11, 13 April 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't know exactly what the source said as I can't find the full text for . Bennett & Elliott (Clark & Thom) page 383 is much less specific about the radiological data, stating "Chest roentgengrams ... have not revealed significant differences. However, much longer exposures to O2 at 101 kPa ... have been associated with characteristic radiological changes ... These lesions first appeared as diffuse, bilateral pulmonary densities which then extended and coalesced to involve almost the entire lung with dense, bilateral opacification in the most severe cases." I think it's probably best to just use what I can be sure of as a basis, so I'll amend the text. If anybody has access to the 1971 Pharmacological Reviews 23 (2): pages 37–133, and it gives more specific information, it can always be added. Do you think:
 * Radiological findings from the lungs show little change in the short term, but extended exposure leads to increasing density of lesions extending throughout both lungs.
 * is a reasonable reflection of the source? --RexxS (talk) 20:49, 13 April 2016 (UTC)
 * How about: "X-rays of the lungs show little change in the short term, but extended exposure leads to increasing diffuse opacification throughout both lungs." <b style="color:#808000">Axl</b> ¤ <small style="color:#808000">[Talk] 09:47, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
 * That looks good, apart from "opacification" - is there a synonym that's a real word? --RexxS (talk) 12:41, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Hmm, how about "shadowing"? <b style="color:#808000">Axl</b> ¤ <small style="color:#808000">[Talk] 10:26, 16 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Works for me - thank you, that section reads much better now. --RexxS (talk) 12:05, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

Research in animals
Although there is some interest in research into possible means of delaying the onset of oxygen toxicity, there are no secondary sources indicating any significant results in humans. The small amount of research in mice and rats does show promise, but primary sources are insufficient to support biomedical claims as outlined in WP:MEDRS. We should be waiting for secondary sources to assess primary sources and draw conclusions that would then be suitable for inclusion in an article.

This is a featured article and additional sections need to comply with FA criteria, particularly compliance with MOS - in this case, WP:MEDMOS, as well as norms of writing style, such as avoidance of single sentence paragraphs. As a result, I've decided to restore the prior version before the animal studies were added. Here is the text and sources that I've removed:

{{talkquote |1=

Research
A study in rats concluded that ketosis delays central nervous system oxygen toxicity.

Some antiepileptic drugs are also hypothesised to delay onset of oxygen-induced seizures in mice.

A study in mice found that biologically produced nitric oxide is part of the mechanism that causes oxygen toxicity, and that superoxide ions inhibit the oxygen-toxicity-causing role of nitric oxide.

}}

If wishes to reinstate the text, then that should be discussed here first. I'll ask if he thinks any part of the text or sources might be usable. --RexxS (talk) 11:29, 11 April 2017 (UTC)
 * I did a quick PubMed search to look for any new developments. I did not find any suitable review papers. <b style="color:#808000">Axl</b> ¤ <small style="color:#808000">[Talk] 12:00, 11 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Agree better to stick with reviews and other secondary sources.
 * We have reviews such as this one  Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 15:10, 11 April 2017 (UTC)

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Column widths of references
I made the positive decision to use a minimum column width of 30em as I feel that is the best compromise between whitespace and line-wrapping for this article. That's not to say that I intended the column widths to be set to the default value for Reflist, which is subject to change of course. If there is an rationale to use a different minimum column width, then I'm happy to discus it here. --RexxS (talk) 11:54, 25 March 2018 (UTC)
 * For what page widths did you make this analysis? How is it affected by different skins? · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 03:43, 26 December 2022 (UTC)

Updates, clarification and expansion
There are a few items I have identified as incomplete or requiring some clarification. This is normal, and does not mean the article needs to be delisted as a featured article as they are minor matters, but it is necessary to do some research to find suitable sources before making the changes. · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 06:01, 23 December 2022 (UTC)

Additional medical specialties involved in dealing with oxygen toxicity
Diving Medicine, Hyperbaric Medicine and Neonatal Medicine all have to deal with oxygen toxicity even more than Emergency Medicine. 2605:59C8:11CF:DF10:BCCB:C9FF:FE2A:B121 (talk) 04:38, 14 June 2023 (UTC)

 * As talk pages request (top of this page), state the specific proposed change to the article and supply a WP:MEDRS source. Zefr (talk) 05:11, 14 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Actually, where is emergency medicine cited? The IP is quite correct, and I have no idea why emergency medicine would be considered the relevant specialty. Also have no idea how the specialty is decided. · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 18:45, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Perhaps the thinking is that if you have this problem, it's probably a medical emergency, and not the sort of thing you should wait however long is necessary to get an appointment for?
 * I agree that it would be better to have the obviously relevant specialties added. As for sources, diving appears 63 times on the page,  hyperbaric 61 times, and infant 24 times.  Emergency, by contrast, only appears five times plus in the infobox.  Anyone who genuinely wonders whether these specialties are involved can start by checking the sources for those 148 existing mentions.  We do not need WP:POINTY-headed behavior over obviously correct information in an infobox.  Even the FA standards say that a given fact need only be cited a single time in an entire article. WhatamIdoing (talk) 23:31, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
 * While I agree in principle, in practice the reader may not be sufficiently familiar with the topic to recognise if, and where, the given fact has been cited elsewhere in the article, and finding it can be a lot of work even when one is very familiar with the topic. Cheers, · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 11:49, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I have changed the infobox according to the IP's suggestion, as those specialties definitely do have to deal with oxtox on a fairly routine basis, while emergency medicine is unlikely to have much exposure to acute oxtox which can only happen under pressure, or pulmonary or ocular oxtox which develop very gradually in almost all cases, and can be dealt with by the relevant specialist, or nurse, before they become emergencies. Cheers, · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 12:06, 22 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oxygen toxicity


text:
Augustus Applegath

 * Often appears mis-spelt as "Augustus Applegarth"

Augustus Applegath (17 June 1788 – 9 February 1871) was an English printer and inventor known for the development of the first workable vertical-drum rotary printing press.

Early life
Applegath was born in the Stepney district of London, the second child of Augustus Joseph Applegath, a captain in the East India Company and his wife, Ann, née Lepard. He went to school at Alfred House Academy in London and apprenticed with Benjamin Lepard, a wholesale stationer, at Covent Garden. In collaboration with his brother-in-law Edward Cowper (1790–1852), he carried out most of his work in the Dartford and Crayford areas of Kent.

Career
Applegath was a skilled printer who notably made a number of improvements to the steam-powered flat-bed press of Friedrich Konig (1813). Other inventions included processes for printing on silk and, in 1816, improvements to banknote printing. By 1819, Applegath's banknote machine was installed at the Bank of England.

In 1828, Applegath and Cowper built a flatbed printing machine for The Times in London. This press had the capacity of 4,200 prints per hour.

William Nicholson had patented a rotary printing press in 1790, but attempts to build a working prototype had been unsuccessful. It was not until 1848 that Applegath developed a working version. In that same year, it replaced the flatbed printer that had been in use at The Times for almost twenty years.

The design consisted of a large vertical cylinder, 200 inches in circumference. Ordinary type was used in columns to produce a polygonal printing surface. It had eight impression cylinders and needed eight people to feed the paper. It could produce 8,000 impressions per hour (on one side of the paper) and eventually up to 10,000 depending on the skill of those feeding it. A four-cylinder version of Applegath's press as used by the Illustrated London News was featured at The Great Exhibition of 1851 in London.

At the same time, Richard Hoe of New York was developing a more efficient horizontal rotary press which as available with two, four, six or ten impression cylinders. The first one of this type was imported by Edward Lloyd in 1856 and was soon adopted by many newspapers including The Times.

Applegarth had a joint patent, with engineer and inventor Joseph Gibbs, awarded on 29 March, 1833, for "certain improvements in steam-carriages."

title: Augustus Applegath


text:
Donald Guthrie (theologian)

Donald Guthrie (February 21, 1916 – September 8, 1992 ) was a British New Testament scholar, best known for his New Testament Introduction (1962) and New Testament Theology (1981) which are recognized as significant books related to the New Testament.

Life
Guthrie studied on the Bachelor of Divinity programme at London Bible College (now London School of Theology), which was accredited by the University of London. Before completing his degree, Guthrie began lecturing at the college, at the invitation of the college's principal, Ernest Kevan. He continued lecturing at the college until his retirement in 1982, becoming Vice-Principal in 1978. He then served as President of the college from 1983 until his death.

title: Donald Guthrie (theologian)


text:
Nikopol, Ukraine

Nikopol (Нікополь, ) is a city and municipality (hromada) in Nikopol Raion in the south of Ukraine, on the right bank of the Dnieper River, about 63 km south-east of Kryvyi Rih and 48 km south-west of Zaporizhzhia. Population:

Nikopol is the fourth-most populous city in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. Located on a cape by the Kakhovka reservoir, Nikopol is a powerful industrial city which has several pipe producing factories, such as the Interpipe corporation, and steel rolling mills, such as the factory of ferroalloys.

Formerly the settlement served as one of the capital cities of the Zaporizhian Sich and was known as one of the main crossings over the Dnieper.

General information
Renamed by the Russian Empire into Slaviansk and later Nikopol (after Νικόπολις), the city has a rich preceding history. Between 1638–1652, it was the settlement of Mykytyn Rih (Микитин Ріг, literally Mykyta's bend or Mykyta's horn), the capital of the Zaporizhian Sich. It was one of the main crossings over the Dnieper.

The 1911 edition of Encyclopedia Britannica gave the following description of Nikopol: "It was formerly called Nikitin Rog, and occupies an elongated peninsula between two arms of the Dnieper at a point where its banks are low and marshy, and has been for centuries one of the places where the middle Dnieper can most conveniently be crossed."

In 1900, its 21,282 inhabitants were Ukrainians, Jews and Mennonites, who carry on agriculture and shipbuilding. The old Sich, or fortified camp of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, brilliantly described in N. V. Gogol's novel Taras Bulba (1834), was situated a little higher up the river. A number of graves in the vicinity recall the battles which were fought for the possession of this important strategic point.

One of the graves, close to the town, contained, along with other Scythian antiquities, a well-known precious vase representing the capture of wild horses. Even now Nikopol, which is situated on the highway from Dnipro to Kherson, is the point where the "salt-highway" of the Chumaks (Ukrainian salt-carriers) to the Crimea crossed the Dnipro. Nikopol is, further, one of the chief places on the lower Dnieper for the export of corn, linseed, hemp and wool.

Archaeological excavations
According to archaeological excavations, the city's area was populated as early as the Neolithic epoch in the 4th millennium BCE as evidenced by remnants of a settlement discovered on banks of Mala Kamianka River. In burial mounds from the copper-bronze epoch of the 3rd-1st millenniums BCE, were found stone and bronze tools, clay sharp-bottomed ornamental dishes. Also found were burials from the Scythian-Sarmatian period, between the 2nd century BCE and the 2nd century CE.

Mykytyn Rih / Mykytyn Sich
In the beginning of 16th century, in the location of modern Nikopol, appeared a river crossing over the Dnieper controlled by Cossacks, called Mykytyn Rih. According to a folk legend, it was established by a Cossack named Mykyta Tsyhan. Under the same name, the crossing is mentioned in the diary of the Holy Roman Empire envoy Erich Lassota von Steblau, who visited the Zaporizhian Sich in 1594.

In 1638-1639, Cossacks led by F. Linchai built a fort which was named Mykytyn Sich (Микитинська Січ). In 1652, due to conflict with the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host, Kosh Otaman Fedir Liutay moved the administrative seat to Chortomlyk.

By 1648, in the close proximity of today's Nikopol, Mykytyn Sich was built. It is renowned for the location of Bohdan Khmelnytsky being elected as the Hetman of Ukraine, and as where the Khmelnytsky Uprising against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth started. Until 1775, the time of the Sich sacking, it was called "Mykytyn Rih", "Mykytyn Pereviz", or simply "Mykytyne".

The name rih (Ukrainian for horn) was given because the locality rose at a place reminiscing a peninsula, as it was almost surrounded by the Dnieper river (see Kryvyi Rih). Mykytyne was a town of the Kodak Palanka, an administrative division of the Zaporizhian Sich. Later it was renamed into Slovianske and then Nikopol.

Sloviansk / Nikopol
In the 18th century, Grigoriy Potyomkin ordered the building of an Imperial Russian fortress Slaviansk. Eventually the project was scratched. Soon after the liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich in 1782, the settlement was renamed as Nikopol.

During World War II, Nikopol was occupied by the German Army until 18 February 1944. Albert Speer referred to it as the "center of manganese mining", and therefore of vital importance to the German war effort.

The Soviet policy of industrialization created the Kakhovka Reservoir which existed from 1956 to 2023, submerging what could be now the most sacred place of an early distinctly Ukrainian statehood: the lands of the former Zaporizhian Host, with their burial sites.

Until July 2020, Nikopol was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Nikopol Raion, though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven, the city of Nikopol was merged into Nikopol Raion.

Just a few kilometres west of the city, the Kosh otaman Ivan Sirko is buried.

Nikopol is one of the largest towns in the region, with a population of 105,160 in 2022. The largest manufacturers include the former Nikopol Tube Plant, established in 1931, which is now divided into smaller plants (e.g. Centravis, Interpipe Niko Tube). The Nikopol Ferroalloy Plant is the largest in Europe and the second largest in the world in the production of Ferromanganese (FeMn) and Ferrosilicomanganese (FeSiMn).

Demographics
As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, Nikopol had a population of 138,218 inhabitants, of whom the majority are ethnic Ukrainians. Russians account for a quarter of the city's population, smaller Minorities are Belarusians, Germans and Jews. In terms of spoken languages, almost 60% of the population considers Ukrainian to be their first language, while roughly 40% considered Russian as their native language. The exact ethnic and linguistic composition was:

Transport links
There is bus station, railway station and river port, which connect the town with other cities.

Nikopol River Port facilitates transportation for the metallurgical industry and travel.

Sports

 * FC Nikopol
 * FC Metalurh Nikopol

Twin towns — Sister cities
Nikopol is twinned with:
 * 🇨🇦 Lloydminster, Canada
 * Perth, Scotland

title: Nikopol, Ukraine


text:
Talk:Eugenol

How much eugenol in spices
Does ordinary spice (cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, bay leaf, etc.) in an ordinary serving (around 1 tablespoon, not 1 teaspoon, have enough eugenol for any (even the tiniest) amount of anasthesia? Or does it have to be refined?  This is not a druggy question, if that is what you're thinking.   Chiss Boy  16:23, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I´m allergic to metil-eugenol and the ammount of it in spices (except for jamaican pepper and clove) isn´t enough to cause me allergic reactions. So I´d guess anasthesia (with normally would need FAR more metil-eugenol than what´s needed to trigger an allergic reaction) is ruled out. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.169.41.123 (talk) 19:08, 30 January 2013 (UTC)

Half Life

 * What is the halflife of eugenol in the human body? [[Image:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg|20px]] Chiss Boy 16:44, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

About two hours — Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.169.41.123 (talk) 19:14, 30 January 2013 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 01:05, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

The following results are for the verification of the claims in the article.....
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_q=Laurus+nobilis+Eugenol&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=title&as_sauthors=&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en&lr=&newwindow=1

http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&newwindow=1&q=allintitle%3A+Laurus+Eugenol&btnG=Search

http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&newwindow=1&q=allintitle%3A+nobilis+Eugenol&btnG=Search

I call for further verifications using commercial search engines--222.67.215.45 (talk) 04:43, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20101015103319/http://ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/10927/1/IND44023435.pdf to http://ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/10927/1/IND44023435.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20111230042603/http://www.ifraorg.org:80/en-us/standards_restricted/s3/p4 to http://www.ifraorg.org/en-us/standards_restricted/s3/p4

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How about this medical research?
Acaricidal Activity of Eugenol Based Compounds against Scabies Mites https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920318/ -- Ubikwit  連絡見学/迷惑 15:32, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
 * It appears to be about methyl eugenol and eugenol. Not the same compound.JSR (talk) 15:37, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

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Weedkiller and pest control
Use in "biological" weed killers and (at least in Tomcat brand) glue traps. Clove oil or eugenol are listed in some "bio" weed killer. Both clove oil or eugenol are listed in DIY weed control and pest control (e.g. roaches) recipes making the rounds on the web. People are likely to come here for background information. Might be nice if something could be added here. 2600:1700:1C60:45E0:35BD:3D78:99F0:8B75 (talk) 19:01, 18 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Needs a WP:SCIRS source. I coudn't find one strong enough to use. Zefr (talk) 21:54, 18 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Is a univeristy extension site good enough? https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W245.pdf page 7 There are many other examples. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/eugenol Section 3.6 Here's a government site for pesticide use of a derived substance methyl eugenol. https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/pdf/methyl_eugenol_tred.pdf This one mentions fungicide, which was new to me https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/eugenol#section=Agrochemical-Information section 9. Tomcat https://www.tomcatbrand.com/en-us/products/mice/tomcat-glue-traps-mouse-size-eugenol-enhanced-stickiness One "online recipe" site https://www.naturepest.com/articles/clove-oil-eugenol-a-pesticide-against-insects-mites-and-fungus/ No endorsements from any lesser dieties, though, if wikipedia requires that these days. --2600:1700:1C60:45E0:B531:4DBA:1E06:66F7 (talk) 00:36, 24 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Used the PubChem ref (which was already in the lede, but revised since) to make these two revisions. Hope that covers your concerns. Zefr (talk) 03:31, 24 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks. It's an improvement. Although US farmers might wonder whether they are now part of the European Union. LOL. The EPA has a code for it, so they know. https://iaspub.epa.gov/sor_internet/registry/substreg/searchandretrieve/substancesearch/search.do;jsessionid=WrO2z2O4tK0Mv3gmey8Aqq9qVEms3_LBhbdoPDCniove1nA6C30y!2139458256?synId=1359261&displaySynonym=

I'm surprised how little is coming up, But I think the FDA is caught in the conundrum that the substance does exist naturally in foodstuff and they don't want to have to regulate it.2600:1700:1C60:45E0:B531:4DBA:1E06:66F7 (talk) 09:56, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eugenol


text:
Nové Město nad Metují

Nové Město nad Metují (Neustadt an der Mettau) is a town in Náchod District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 9,300 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation.

Administrative parts
The town part of Krčín and villages of Spy and Vrchoviny are administrative parts of Nové Město nad Metují.

Etymology
The name literally means 'new town on the Metuje'.

Geography
Nové Město nad Metují is located about 7 km south of Náchod and 25 km northeast of Hradec Králové. It lies on the border between the Orlice Table and Orlické Foothills. The highest point is at 450 m above sea level. The old town and the castle lie on a rocky promontory in a meander of the Metuje River, hence the name.

History
The oldest inhabited part of Nové Město nad Metují is Krčín. An old Slavic settlement was in the territory of Krčín in the 7th and 8th centuries. The Krčín village was probably founded in the 13th century and first documented in the first half of the 14th century. After Nové Město nad Metují was founded, it became part of the Nové Město nad Metují manor.

Nové Město nad Metují was founded by Jan Černčický of Kácov on 10 August 1501. It was destroyed by fire in 1526. In 1527, the manor was acquired by the Pernštejn family. In 1527–1548, most of the houses on the square were then reconstructed in uniform Renaissance and late Gothic design. The elementary ground plan was kept. The connected gables, so-called swallow tails, gave the town the appearance of the northern Italian Renaissance. The castle was also rebuilt.

From 1548 to 1621, the manor was owned by Lords of Stubenberk, who expanded the castle. Albrecht von Wallenstein purchased the town in 1623, then it passed to the Trčkas of Lípa. After the assassination of Albrecht von Wallenstein and Adam Erdman Trčka in 1634, their properties were confiscated and Nové Město nad Metují manor received Walter Leslie, the main initiator of the assassination.

Walter Leslie has rebuilt the castle in the Baroque style. The Leslie family owned the manor until 1802, when the last member of the family died, and Nové Město nad Metují was inherited by the Dietrichstein family. The Dietrichstein family owned it until 1858.

After the revolution and administrative reform of the Austrian Empire in 1848, Nové Město nad Metují became independent of the nobility. From 1849 to 1949, Krčín was a separate municipality.

Economy
Nové Město nad Metují is a town with tradition in engineering, printing, textile and food industry. The town is known for watch-making production under the brand PRIM. The largest employers based in the town are Ammann Czech Republic, manufacturer of construction machinery, and Hronovský s.r.o., manufacturer of car parts.

Transport
Nové Město nad Metují is located on the railway lines Náchod–Choceň and Meziměstí–Týniště nad Orlicí.

Sights
The main landmark is the Nové Město nad Metují Castle. The castle mixes Renaissance and early Baroque styles and is open to the public. It includes a castle garden with unique wooden covered bridge statues of dwarves by Matthias Braun, and the 53 m high Máselnice tower with an accessible gallery at a height of 25 m.

The castle forms a unified architectural unit with Husovo Square. The most significant monuments are Church of the Holy Trinity from 1519, the northern row of Renaissance houses, or the well in the middle of the square from the 16th century. The historic centre is surrounded by preserved town fortifications. The Zázvorka guarding tower serves nowadays as a gallery.

Outside the historic centre is the monastery complex. The Monastery of the Merciful Brothers with Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary and Loreta Chapel was founded by Walter Leslie in 1692. Other notable building is Church of the Holy Spirit in Krčín, built in the early Gothic style in the 13th century.

Notable people

 * Philipp Josef Pick (1834–1910), Austrian dermatologist
 * Karel Klapálek (1893–1984), general
 * Jan Milíč Lochman (1922–2004), Czech-Swiss theologian
 * Vladimír Suchánek (1933–2021), graphic designer
 * Jiří Macháně (1940–2023), cinematographer
 * Pavel Černý (born 1962), footballer

Twin towns – sister cities
Nové Město nad Metují is twinned with:
 * 🇵🇱 Duszniki-Zdrój, Poland
 * 🇷🇴 Gârnic, Romania
 * 🇩🇪 Hilden, Germany
 * 🏴 Warrington, England, United Kingdom

title: Nové Město nad Metují


text:
Into Eternity (band)

Into Eternity is a Canadian progressive death metal band from Regina, Saskatchewan, formed in 1997 by Tim Roth, Scott Krall and Jim Austin.

First five albums
Into Eternity was formed in 1997 by founding members Tim Roth, Scott Krall and Jim Austin and later released an eponymous, independent album in 1999, with the addition of Chris Eisler and Chris McDougall. The band signed to Century Media Records a year later and then re-released their debut album.

In 2001, the band returned with their second album Dead or Dreaming, an album which saw a more pronounced integration of progressive and death metal. The trend continued on 2004's Buried in Oblivion and even further on 2006's The Scattering of Ashes.

Into Eternity performed on Gigantour 2006, which kicked off in Boise, Idaho on September 6, 2006. According to Soundscan, The Scattering of Ashes sold a little over 2,000 copies in the US during its first week of release. During the summer of 2007, Into Eternity (along with progressive metal band Redemption) toured in support of Dream Theater during their North American leg of the Chaos in Motion tour. Their new album entitled, The Incurable Tragedy, which is a concept album, was released on August 25, 2008, in Europe and on September 2, 2008, in North America.

The Sirens and deaths
On March 9, 2011, Into Eternity announced the addition of drummer Bryan Newbury. Also in 2011, Stu Block joined the band Iced Earth.

In February 2012, Amanda Kiernan joined the band as their new vocalist. In late 2012, Into Eternity began demoing new material with both Block and Kiernan.

On May 4, 2012, their former guitarist, Rob Doherty, died at the age of 41. On December 5, 2016, their former drummer, Adam Sagan, died from cancer at the age of 35.

In an interview in late 2013, Tim Roth confirmed that Stu Block was no longer a member and that they would continue on with Amanda Kiernan as a full-time vocalist. In May 2014, guitarist Justin Bender announced his departure from the band and that Untimely Demise guitarist Matt Cuthbertson would be his replacement. He also confirmed that Into Eternity's currently untitled sixth studio album was in the post-production stage and should see a release later in the year. On June 15, 2015, Into Eternity signed a worldwide record deal with Italian label Kolony Records. The band planned release its sixth studio album The Sirens in late 2015, but after being delayed for a few years, the album has been announced to be released on October 26, 2018. In 2021, following his departure from Iced Earth, Stu Block returned to the band to share vocal duties with Amanda Kiernan.

Musical style
The band employs a wide range of elements across the metal spectrum, including classic or melodic metal styling, thrashing riffs, neo-classical composition, power metal-style clean vocals, high to low-pitched death growls and black metal shrieking, fast tempoed death metal drumming with blast beats and sometimes interwoven with acoustic guitar playing. Into Eternity provides a sound that is considered to be rather difficult to describe, but the most common description of Into Eternity's music is progressive death metal.

Current members

 * Tim Roth − guitar, clean vocals/death growls (1997−present)
 * Troy Bleich − bass, clean vocals/death growls (2005−present)
 * Stu Block − clean vocals/death growls (2005−2013, 2021−present)
 * Bryan Newbury − drums (2011−present)
 * Amanda Kiernan − clean vocals/death growls (2013–present; touring member: 2012–2013)
 * Matt Cuthbertson − guitar (2014−present)

Former members
Vocals
 * Chris Krall − clean vocals/death growls (2003−2004)
 * Dean Sternberg − vocals (2004)

Guitars
 * Chris Eisler − guitar (1999)
 * Daniel Nargang − guitar, clean vocals (2001)
 * Rob "Smiley" Doherty − guitar, death growls (2003−2005; died 2012)
 * Collin Craig − guitar (2006)
 * Justin Bender − guitar (2006−2014)

Bass
 * Scott Krall − bass, backing vocals (1997−2005)

Keyboards
 * Chris McDougall − keyboards (1999−2001)

Drums
 * Jim Austin − drums, death growls (1997−2004, 2006)
 * Adam Sagan − drums (2004−2006; died 2016)
 * Steve Bolognese − drums (2006−2011)

Music videos

 * "Spiraling into Depression" (2004)
 * "Severe Emotional Distress" (2006)
 * "Timeless Winter" (2007)
 * "Time Immemorial" (2008)

title: Into Eternity (band)


text:
Streaked Spanish mackerel

The streaked Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus lineolatus) is found mainly in and around India, especially along the Maharashtra and Gujarat coasts. The peak season for fishing this fish is from October to December. It is also known by other names, such as streaked seer, hazard (French), sawara, and carite (Spanish). It is found off Asian coasts from the west coast of India and Sri Lanka east to Java and does not extend east of Wallace's Line. It is an important quarry species for fisheries where it occurs.

title: Streaked Spanish mackerel


text:
Fujian cuisine

Fujian cuisine or Fujianese cuisine, also known as Min cuisine or Hokkien cuisine, is one of the native Chinese cuisines derived from the cooking style of China's Fujian Province, most notably from the provincial capital, Fuzhou. "Fujian cuisine" in this article refers to the cuisines of Min Chinese speaking people within Fujian. Other cuisines in Fujian include Hakka cuisine, and the ethnic minority cuisines of the She and Tanka people. Fujian cuisine is known to be light but flavourful, soft, and tender, with particular emphasis on umami taste, known in Chinese cooking as xianwei, as well as retaining the original flavour of the main ingredients instead of masking them.

Many diverse seafood and woodland delicacies are used, including a myriad variety of local fish, shellfish and turtles, or indigenous edible mushrooms and bamboo shoots, provided by the coastal and mountainous regions of Fujian. The most commonly employed cooking techniques in the region's cuisine include braising, stewing, steaming and boiling.

As the people of Fujian often travel to and from the sea, their food customs have gradually formed a unique cuisine with creative characteristics. Fujian cuisine is famous for preparing mountain and seafood based on good color, aroma, and shape, especially "fragrance" and "taste." Its fresh, mellow, meaty, non-greasy style characteristics and the features of a wide range of soups take a unique place in the field of Chinese cuisine.

Particular attention is paid on the finesse of knife skills and cooking technique of the chefs, which is used to enhance the flavour, aroma and texture of seafood and other foods. Strong emphasis is put on the making and utilising of broth and soups. There are sayings in the region's cuisine: "One broth can be changed into numerous (ten) forms" and "It is unacceptable for a meal to not have soup".

Fermented fish sauce, known locally as "shrimp oil", is also commonly used in the cuisine, along with oyster, crab and shrimp. Peanuts (utilised for both savoury dishes and desserts) are also prevalent, and can be boiled, fried, roasted, crushed, ground or even turned into a paste. Peanuts can be used as a garnish, feature in soups and even be added to braised or stir-fried dishes.

Fujian cuisine has had a profound impact on Taiwanese cuisine and on the overseas Chinese cuisines found in Southeast Asia (particularly the Malay Archipelago) as the majority of Taiwanese and Southeast Asian Chinese people have ancestral roots in Fujian province.

Styles
Fujian cuisine consists of several styles:
 * Fuzhou: The taste is lighter compared to other styles, often with an equally-mixed taste of sweet and sour. Fuzhou is famous for its soups, and its use of fermented fish sauce and red yeast rice.
 * Putian/Henghwa: From the coastal town of Putian, best known for seafood dishes including lor mee and Doutuo clams.
 * Southern Fujian: The taste is stronger than other Fujianese cuisines, showing obvious influence from Southeast Asian dishes. Use of sugar and spices (like shacha sauce and five-spice powder) is more common. Various kinds of slow-cooked soup (not quite similar to the Cantonese tradition) are found. Many dishes come with dipping sauces.
 * Western Fujian: There are often slight spicy tastes from mustard and pepper and the cooking methods are often steaming, frying and stir-frying. The food is saltier and oilier compared to other parts of Fujian, usually focusing on meat rather than seafood.

Seasonings
Unique seasonings from Fujian include fish sauce, shrimp paste, sugar, shacha sauce and preserved apricot. Wine lees from the production of rice wine is also commonly used in all aspects of the region's cuisine. Red yeast rice is also commonly used in Fujian cuisine, imparting a rosy-red hue to the foods, pleasant aroma, and slightly sweet taste.

Fujian is also well known for its "drunken" (wine marinated) dishes and is famous for the quality of the soup stocks and bases used to flavour their dishes, soups and stews.

Notable dishes
One of the most famous dishes in Fujian cuisine is "Buddha Jumps Over the Wall", a complex dish making use of many ingredients, including shark's fin, sea cucumber, abalone and Shaoxing wine.

Fujian is also notable for yanpi, literally "swallow skin," a thin wrapper made with large proportions of lean minced pork. This wrapper has a unique texture due to the incorporation of meat and has a "bite" similar to things made with surimi. Yanpi is used to make rouyan, a type of wonton.

There are many eating places around the province that sell these specialties for two yuan, and which are thus known as "two-yuan eateries". In Xiamen, a local specialty is worm jelly, an aspic made from a species of marine peanut worm.

title: Fujian cuisine


text:
1911–12 in Swedish football

The 1911–12 season in Swedish football, starting January 1911 and ending July 1912:

Mellansvenska Serien 1911–12

Mellansvenska

Västsvenska

Svenska Mästerskapet 1911

 * Final

Corinthian Bowl 1911

 * Final

Kamratmästerskapen 1911

 * Final

Wicanderska Välgörenhetsskölden 1911

 * Final

National team results
Sweden: Oskar Bengtsson - Knut Sandlund, Jacob Levin - Ragnar Wicksell, Götrik Frykman, Sixten Öberg - Herman Myhrberg, Gustaf Ekberg, Karl Gustafsson, Josef Appelgren, Karl Ansén.

Sweden: Knut Gustavsson - Theodor Malm, Erik Lavass - Axel Lyberg, Götrik Frykman, Fritz Welander - Ivar Friberg, William Dahlström, Erik Börjesson, Helge Ekroth, Karl Ansén.

Sweden: Gerhard Pettersson - Johannes Hellgren, Sven Pettersson - Sven Svensson, Hans Lindman, Erik Bohlin - Gunnar Pleijel, Karl Persson, Ludvig Ericsson, Adrian Brolin, Rudolf Andersson.

Sweden: Josef Börjesson - Theodor Malm, Jacob Levin - Ragnar Wicksell, Knut Nilsson, John Olsson - Herman Myhrberg, Josef Appelgren, Erik Börjesson, Helge Ekroth, Karl Ansén.

Sweden: Erik Bergqvist - Konrad Törnqvist, Henning Svensson - Ragnar Wicksell, Gustav Sandberg, Karl Gustafsson - Herman Myhrberg, Einar Halling-Johansson, Arvid Fagrell, Helge Ekroth, Karl Ansén.

Sweden: Josef Börjesson - Theodor Malm, Jacob Levin - Ragnar Wicksell, Gustav Sandberg, Karl Gustafsson - Herman Myhrberg, Einar Halling-Johansson, Erik Börjesson, Iwar Swensson, Erik Bergström.

Sweden: Herbert Svensson - Theodor Malm, Konrad Törnqvist - Gustaf Ekberg, Knut Nilsson, Oscar Gustafsson - Axel Bohm, Karl Persson, Eric Dahlström, Hjalmar Lorichs, Birger Carlsson.

Sweden: Josef Börjesson - Jacob Levin, Erik Bergström - Ragnar Wicksell, Gustav Sandberg, Karl Gustafsson - Herman Myhrberg, Iwar Swensson, Erik Börjesson, Helge Ekroth, Karl Ansén.

Sweden: Josef Börjesson - Erik Bergström, Konrad Törnqvist - Ragnar Wicksell, Götrik Frykman, Karl Gustafsson - Herman Myhrberg, Iwar Swensson, Erik Börjesson, Eric Dahlström, Karl Ansén.

title: 1911–12 in Swedish football