text:
International Computers and Tabulators

International Computers and Tabulators or ICT was a British computer manufacturer, formed in 1959 by a merger of the British Tabulating Machine Company (BTM) and Powers-Samas. In 1963 it acquired the business computer divisions of Ferranti. It exported computers to many countries and in 1968 became part of International Computers Limited (ICL).

Products
The ICT 1101 was known as the EMIDEC 1100 computer before the acquisition of the EMI Computing Services Division who designed and produced it.

The ICT 1201 computer used thermionic valve technology and its main memory was drum storage. Input was from 80-column punched cards and output was to 80-column cards and a printer. Before the merger, under BTM, this had been known as the HEC4 (Hollerith Electronic Computer, fourth version).

The drum memory held 1K of 40-bit words. The computer was programmed using binary machine code instructions. When programming the 1201, the machine code instructions were not sequential but were spaced to allow for the drum's rotation. This ensured the next instruction was passing under the drum's read heads just as the current instruction had been executed.

The ICT 1301, and its smaller cousin the ICT 1300, used germanium transistors and core memory. Backing store was magnetic drum, and optionally one-inch-, half-inch- or quarter-inch-wide magnetic tape. Input was from 80-column punched cards and optionally 160-column punched cards and punched paper tape. Output was to 80-column punched cards, printer and optionally to punched paper tape. The first customer delivery was in 1962, a 1301 sold to the University of London. One of their main attractions was that they performed British currency calculations (pounds, shillings and pence) in hardware. They also had the advantage of programmers not having to learn binary or octal arithmetic as the instruction set was pure decimal and the arithmetic unit had no binary mode, only decimal or pounds, shillings and pence. Its clock ran at 1 MHz. The London University machine still exists (January 2006) and is being reinstated to working condition by a group of enthusiasts.

The ICT 1302, used similar technology to the 1300/1301 but was a multiprogramming system capable of running three programs in addition to the Executive. It also used the 'Standard Interface' for the connection of peripherals allowing much more flexibility in peripheral configuration. The 'Standard Interface' was originally prototyped on the 1301 and went on to be used on the 1900 series.

The ICT 1400 was a first generation computer using thermionic valves, but was overtaken by transistor technology in 1959 and no sales were made.

The ICT 1500 series was a design bought in from the RCA Corporation, who called it the RCA 301. RCA also sold the design to Siemens in Germany and Compagnie des Machines Bull in France who called it the Gamma 30. It used a six-bit byte and had core stores of 10,000, 20,000 or 40,000 bytes.

The ICT 1900 series was devised after the acquisition of Ferranti's assets which brought in the new Ferranti-Packard 6000 machine from Ferranti's Canadian subsidiary, which was considerably more advanced than the existing 130x line. It was decided to adapt this machine to use the 'Standard Interface', and it was put on the market as the ICT 1904, the first in a range of upward-compatible computer systems.

In 1968 ICT merged with English Electric Computers, itself formed from the prior mergers of English Electric Leo Marconi (EELM) and Elliott Automation. The resulting company became International Computers Limited (ICL). At the time of the merger English Electric Computers was in the process of making a line of large IBM System/360-compatible mainframes based on the RCA Spectra 70, which was sold as the ICL System-4. Both 1900 and System-4 were eventually replaced by the ICL 2900 Series which was introduced in 1974.

title: International Computers and Tabulators


text:
Talk:Parliament of Lebanon

= This Page Needs Updating =

Untitled
They Changed the law in Qatar on Tuesday. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Yozef (talk • contribs) 16:58, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Parliament not National Assembly
Visit the official site of the Lebanes parliament. It's in arabic, but check the title: "Lebanese parliament". Click on the english section that still under construction, the term "parliament" is also mentionned. So the official name is "Parliament" even though "National Assembly" is very often used.500LL 19:54, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Role of Hezbollah
Aren't Hezbollah's 23 MPs in the Lebanese parliament worthy of note?

Hezbollah
They are worthy of note if you can find me a reliable source for the statistic. The line in the article that says Hezbollah added eight MPs to its existing fifteen, making 23, is contradicted by the table further on and even by the reference helpfully provided to the website of the Council on Foreign Relations to substantiate it:

http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/

Does Hezbollah play an active role in the Lebanese politics? (sic)

''Yes. After the 2005 elections, Hezbollah won fourteen seats in the 128-member Lebanese Parliament. In addition, Hezbollah has two ministers in the government, and a third is endorsed by the group.''

So where did we get 23 from? I have amended the line pending a reliable citation to the contrary.

Isn't Michel Murr's bloc independant? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.75.88.83 (talk) 23:15, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

Role/Powers of the Speaker of the Parliament
I believe that in this article the role of the speaker of the parliament should be more detailed. What are his powers, what does he do in the parliament's meetings etc.. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.187.79.116 (talk) 17:57, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

It would be great too if the article covered *how* the speaker actually gets elected. --PseudoNova (talk) 16:49, 22 January 2020 (UTC)

Armenian catholic in Beirut-1
In the table 'Allocation of seats in the 2009 election for the Parliament of Lebanon (Majlis an-Nuwwab) according to The Doha Agreement' the column 'Armenian' should be split in 'Armenian orthodox' and 'Armenian catholic'. One seat in Beirut-1 is for a 'Armenian catholic', all others now designated 'Armenian' are for 'Armenian orthodox'.Bancki (talk) 13:51, 23 September 2015 (UTC)

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Semi-protected edit request on 11 November 2019
i would like to add a small section in the definition of parliament of Lebanon. seeing as many politicians in Lebanon steel millions of dollars which has been proven and not acted upon thus leading to the revolution i would like the following section "the main role of parliament in Lebanon is keeping long standing political dynasty rich and in power by stealing the peoples money." i know this is not normal procedure but if you are with democracy and freedom of speech please change the page 213.175.190.169 (talk) 18:40, 11 November 2019 (UTC)
 * ❌. Too poorly-written and major lapses in neutrality, sorry. El_C 18:42, 11 November 2019 (UTC)

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Infobox
I do not think the party list in the infobox needs collapsing, this isn't done for other countries and there's no reason the information shouldn't be visible right away. Jnoubi75 (talk) 23:38, 15 March 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Parliament of Lebanon


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Starlette

Starlette
Self-nom. I expect to be charged of objectifying women for this one, but there's to much dead things on that page yet ;-). Ericd 19:54, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose. It's a photograph of photographers which I think is silly. It's a no, no from me. • Thorpe •
 * Comment. This picture also illustrates Photojournalism where the photographers are the subject. -- Solipsist 19:17, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. I love it. It seems to tell so much. Also, something different than usual FP candidates. Junes 16:45, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I spotted this on Ericd's images page a couple of weeks ago. I'm impressed that we have professional(?) photographers contributing images of this quality. I particularly like the way the starlet is sunlit, whilst the photogaphers are in shadow. (And curiously the photographers appear to have dated more than the starlet.) -- Solipsist 18:06, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Amateur. I was in high school when I shot this one. That's beginners luck. Ericd 22:52, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I umed and ahed but then decided it was very interesting considering when it was taken. Love the fashions on the photographers. -- Silversmith  Hewwo 18:14, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I also found this photo a few weeks ago and I love it, it's somehow very different. I like how it captures the clothing fashion of the time. Teklund 18:19, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Lingerie-clad woman with oogling men -- do we not have enough of this in the media? Need it be a FP too? Chicago god 18:50, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Notice how no one is actually looking at the woman? They're all studying their cameras, and the photo is of them, not her. How profoundly illustrative. And also great photography. - Matthew Cieplak (talk) (edits) 01:00, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - curiously appealing. They're all so stuck in their roles. Denni ☯ 02:45, 2005 Jun 16 (UTC)
 * Support - fine photography and fine psychology. Kosebamse 05:25, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - psychologically very interesting, adds to the article -- Chris 73 Talk 14:03, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. The subject matter is a different beast to many of the other nominations here, and the profusion of action is nice. Enochlau 07:36, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support -- good image. - Longhair | Talk 01:53, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support -- illustrative, striking and different. - Haukurth 20:03, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Symbol support vote.png|15px]] Support -- brian0918 ™  13:11, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support -- captures several essence of the times in one shot Robin klein 15:00, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Interesting.  — Chameleon 01:49, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This link is Broken 1 July 2005 02:34 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Gliese 876

Planet c in habitable zone?
OK you physicists-- stop quibbling over magnitudes and invent us a starship! Sean7phil 23:20, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

In the article it says the apparent magnitude of the star is 10.16, which makes it 36.96 magnitudes dimmer than the sun, which translates to a factor of approx. 608*1012. If we correct for distance (multiplication with (1 AU / 15 ly)2 = approx. 1.11*10-12), we find that the sun is about 676 times as luminous as Gliese 876. The insolation in 0.13 AU distance (planet c) is 1/(0.132*676) = approx. 0.0876 times that at earth - it's as much as at 3.38 AU distance from our sun. I think this is outside the region where water is liquid. 193.171.121.30 19:55, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Shouldn't we be talking about the absolute magnitude for calculations on Habitable Zones?? Stating its apparent magnitude is nice, but not helpful. Can you clarify this (aside from a not stated calculation to its absolute magnitude)? --JorisvS 12:50, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

If I would have taken the absolute magnitude instead of the apparent magnitude the distance correction would have had to be with the standard distance (10 parsec) and not with the actual distance. But I think the above explanation was too short, so here again in greater detail:

apparent magnitude of the sun: -26.8 apparent magnitude of Gliese 876: 10.18 (apparently changed from 10.16 in an earlier version of the article) difference: 36.98

5 magnitudes difference mean a factor of 100, therefore 36.98 magnitudes mean a factor of 100(36.98/5) = 6.19 * 1014 This means as seen from earth, the sun looks 6.19 * 1014 times as bright as Gliese 876.

To make a better comparision, we've to put Gliese 876 at the same distance as the sun, i.e. at 1 AU. Since the brightness drops with the square of the distance, Gliese would be ((real distance of Gliese 876)/(1 AU))2 as bright as it is now if we put it at a distance of 1 AU. The real distance of Gliese 876 is 15.33 light years = 1.450 * 1017 m = 9.695 * 105 AU.

If we divide the brightness factor fom above by the squared distance measured in AU, we get a new factor of about 659, i. e. the sun is 659 times as bright as Gliese 876 when viewed at the same distance.

Now planet c is at a distance of 0.13 AU. To get the brightness of the star from there, we have again to take into the account the distance-squared law: The star would be 1/0.132 = 59.2 times as bright as at 1 AU, that is 59.2/659 = 0.0898 times as bright as the sun at 1 AU.

Now we want to know at which distance would the sun have this brightness? Again the distance-squared law, now in the other direction, i. e. we've got a brightness factor and want to know the distance; it should be clear that we have to take the inverse of the square root of the factor: 1/sqrt(0.0898) = 3.337 AU (not exactly the same numbers as above, maybe there was a different distance of the star in the article or I took less acurate numbers).

So far about the calculations, but I think the problem is that the star is a red dwarf and thus emitts a greater fraction of its power in the infrared, while the magnitude is only determined by the visible component.

The luminosity of the star as it is in the table is 0.0016 suns, although according to my calculations its 1/659 suns which is closer to 0.0015 suns (in the article about astronomical luminosity it is claimed that luminosity is directly related to magnitude, although it's also stated that "luminosity is the amount of energy a body radiates per unit time", which cannot both be true; of course my calculated value applies only in the case that it's directly related). With 0.0016 instead of 1/659 in the alculations above we get a bightness as at a distance of 3.249 AU in the solar system, which I think is still too far away for liquid water (but this is pretty much irrelevant now that we know about the infrared radiation). 193.171.121.30 06:48, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Passed GA
This article matches the standard of other GAs on a similar topic, so I have no hesitation in passing it. Congratulations. It's good to see that Wikipedia is so well-served in terms of astronomy articles. MLilburne 08:04, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

temperature?
The temperature is given to ridiculous precision-- 4 significant figures? It appears the value 3223 K is based off the values for R, and L, although each of these is somewhat uncertain. It is far better policy to quote a value for temperature which is independently determined, such as from colors or from spectral fitting. Leggett 1996 seems to put T in the range 3100-3250

876/581
Wasn't the new planet found in the solarsystem to gliese 581 and not 876? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Dead Fish Jr (talk • contribs) 20:12, 25 April 2007 (UTC).

According to scientific american it was And new scientist I think the inclusion of the planet in this article is a mistake.. unless the star has two names for some reason EvilFred

 * They're completely different systems. Gliese 876 d was in the news a couple of years ago when it was the smallest known extrasolar planet around a normal star. It is no way habitable as it orbits very close to its star.— JyriL talk 13:54, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

GA Sweeps Review: Pass
As part of the WikiProject Good Articles, we're doing sweeps to go over all of the current GAs and see if they still meet the GA criteria. I'm specifically going over all of the "Planets and Moons" articles. I believe the article currently meets the criteria and should remain listed as a Good article. I have made several minor corrections throughout the article. Altogether the article is well-written and is still in great shape after its passing in 2006. Continue to improve the article making sure all new information is properly sourced and neutral. I would recommend going through all of the citations and updating the access dates and fixing any dead links. If you have any questions, let me know on my talk page and I'll get back to you as soon as I can. I have updated the article history to reflect this review. Happy editing! --Nehrams2020 (talk) 01:33, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

Masses of Gliese 876d and 876?
There are three mentions of the mass of 876d. The first one is given as the initial estimate. The second is given as an estimate using orbital parameters. The third, given in the table, is different from both of these masses, yet it doesn't state in the article how that mass was derived. The same goes for the mass of 876c, which is different in the table from the "true mass" whose derivation was explained in the article. I'm not well-verse in extrasolar planetary systems, so I'm wondering if someone can clear up this confusion. 98.180.50.81 (talk) 01:17, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

 * The section on the planetary system could do with a rewrite. The table values are from the most recent study of the system and based on the largest radial velocity dataset available. Icalanise (talk) 17:20, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

Rotational velocity
Does anybody know where the rotational velocity of 1.38 km/s came from? The value seems unusually concise. I checked the very recent Jenkins et al. (2008), but they only list a value <= 2.0. SIMBAD doesn't have any values listed for v sin i. I tried checking the other reference links in the infobox, but didn't find it. (I'm also curious how the rotation period was determined. Is the inclination of the axis known?) Thanks.—RJH (talk) 18:14, 4 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Found it.—RJH (talk) 17:00, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

Orbital elements
I think the table of planetary orbital elements should mention the same proviso that is listed in the paper: "Quoted uncertainties in planetary masses and semi-major axes do not incorporate the uncertainty in the mass of the star." After all, the mass of the star is only known within ~9%.—RJH (talk) 17:25, 26 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Agreed, done. Icalanise (talk) 18:09, 26 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Thank you kindly.—RJH (talk) 21:51, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

Photo of the Star
Need an astronomy photo of Gliese 876 for the infobox.

Something like this http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap980626.html. That one is from the NASA site, but I'm pretty sure its by an amateur astronomer, so not sure about permissions.

Anyone have a telescope with a decent camera ? --EvenGreenerFish (talk) 01:29, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

Resonance Animation
Would improve the article a lot to have an animation to illustrate the orbital properties of the planetary system. Something like the Jupiter one: Or this http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Animation_of_the_planetary_system_around_Sun-like_star_HD_10180.ogv --EvenGreenerFish (talk) 01:45, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

Candidature for Good Topic Removal
I've had a skim through the standards relating to the definition of a "good topic" and I'm unsure as to where this current article fails. If there are specific portions that are causing concern could the nominator for removal provide a short list of areas that need to be addressed? Perry Middlemiss (talk) 22:20, 15 November 2014 (UTC)
 * The problem isn't with this article, but rather Gliese 876 e (which isn't a good article currently). Armbrust The Homunculus 05:43, 16 November 2014 (UTC)

Gliese 876 emits X-rays, but so what?
It states in the article here, in one very short sentence, that "Gliese 876 emits X-rays." but then all main sequence stars are likely to have hot enough coronae to emit X-rays. So, pointing out that it does something that most other stars in the universe do too, and then ending it there without explaining the significance of that, really does not tell you all that much, and I don't think it backs up the previous sentence's claim that it is likely to host large sunspots. The paper quoted, at the end of that short sentence, I think actually gives Gliese 876 a fairly modest X-ray count, well at least by the standards of other red dwarf stars they've managed to detect X-rays coming from.

title: Talk:Gliese 876


text:
Talk:Clark electrode

Untitled
The de:Substub was speedy deleted ({d}) - why no deletion here? AN 19:57, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

What on earth does machanical flea refer to? Or mechanical flea??

see stir bar 131.180.38.37 (talk) 11:52, 23 November 2007 (UTC)

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Silver electrode?
Is the silver electrode anode or some type of reference electrode? If reference what's the anode? Whats the anode reaction? What's the electrolyte?150.227.15.253 (talk) 15:51, 27 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clark electrode


text:
Call Me (Blondie song)

"Call Me" is a song by the American new wave band Blondie and the theme to the 1980 film American Gigolo. Produced and composed by Italian musician Giorgio Moroder, with lyrics by Blondie singer Debbie Harry, the song appeared in the film and was released in the United States in early 1980 as a single. "Call Me" was No. 1 for six consecutive weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, where it became the band's biggest single and second No. 1. It also hit No. 1 in the UK and Canada, where it became their fourth and second chart-topper, respectively. In the year-end chart of 1980, it was Billboard's No. 1 single and RPM magazine's No. 3 in Canada.

Record World called it a "stirring electronic dance cut".

Composition and recording
"Call Me" was composed by Italian disco producer Giorgio Moroder as the main theme song of the 1980 film American Gigolo. It is played in the key of D minor with a tempo of 143 beats per minute, with Blondie's vocals ranging from C4 to E5. Moroder originally asked Stevie Nicks from Fleetwood Mac to perform a song for the soundtrack, but she was prevented because of a recently signed contract with Modern Records. Moroder turned to Debbie Harry of Blondie, presenting Harry with an instrumental track called "Man Machine". Harry was asked to write the lyrics, a process that Harry states took a mere few hours. The lyrics were written from the perspective of the main character in the film, a male prostitute.

Harry said the lyrics were inspired by her visual impressions from watching the film and that "When I was writing it, I pictured the opening scene, driving on the coast of California." The completed song was then recorded by the band, with Moroder producing. The bridge of the original English-language version also includes Harry saying "call me" in two European languages: and.

In 2014, keyboardist-composer Harold Faltermeyer remembered the recording process as having three main sections: first Moroder and his music crew recorded an instrumental version of the song at Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles, with the tape locked to SMPTE timecode so that it would synchronize with the film. Then the project moved to New York for the Blondie recording session, at which the band surprised Moroder by insisting they would play their own parts. Faltermeyer was engineering when Harry sang and Chris Stein played electric guitar. Stein's guitar and amplifier were buzzing and noisy, so his setup was repaired to get a clean recording. The band had difficulty locking to sync, so Moroder stopped the unfinished sessions to save time, and took the project back to Los Angeles to more quickly add the final parts with his own picked musicians, including a keyboard solo by Faltermeyer.

On the American Gigolo soundtrack album, Blondie the band is credited only for vocals, with other credits naming Moroder's crew of Keith Forsey on drums/percussion and Faltermeyer on keyboards and arrangements. Faltermeyer said the band was angry about being replaced by session players, but the song turned out to be very successful, so they took it in stride. Blondie keyboard player Jimmy Destri was obligated to play Faltermeyer's solo in concerts.

Release
In the US, the song was released by three record companies: the longest version (at 8:06) on the soundtrack album by Polydor, the 7" and 12" on Blondie's label Chrysalis, and a Spanish-language 12" version, with lyrics by Buddy and Mary McCluskey, on the disco label Salsoul Records. A Spanish-language version, titled "Llámame", was meant for release in Mexico and some South American countries. This version was also released in the US and the UK and had its CD debut on Chrysalis/EMI's rarities compilation Blonde and Beyond (1993). In 1988, a remixed version by Ben Liebrand taken from the Blondie remix album Once More into the Bleach was issued as a single in the UK. In 2001, the "original long version" appeared as a bonus track on the Autoamerican album re-issue.

In 2014, Blondie re-recorded the song for their compilation album Greatest Hits Deluxe Redux. The compilation was part of a 2-disc set called Blondie 4(0) Ever which included their tenth studio album Ghosts of Download and marked the 40th anniversary of the forming of the band.

Harry recorded an abbreviated version of the song that was backed by the Muppet Band for her guest appearance on The Muppet Show in August 1980. It was first broadcast in January 1981.

Popularity and acclaim
The single was released in the United States in February 1980. It spent six consecutive weeks at number one and was certified Gold (for one million copies sold) by the RIAA. It also spent four weeks at No. 2 on the US dance chart. The single was also No. 1 on Billboard magazine's 1980 year-end chart. The song lists at No. 57 on Billboard's All Time Top 100. It was released in the UK two months later, where it became Blondie's fourth UK No. 1 single in little over a year. The song was also played on a British Telecom advert in the 1980s.

25 years after its original release, "Call Me" was ranked at No. 283 on the list of Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In 1981, the Village Voice ranked "Call Me" as the third-best song of the year 1980 on its annual year-end critics' poll, Pazz & Jop. In 2017, Billboard ranked the song number three on their list of the 10 greatest Blondie songs, and in 2021, The Guardian ranked the song number four on their list of the 20 greatest Blondie songs.

In 1981, the song was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, as well as for a Golden Globe for Best Original Song.

Music video
There were two videos made:
 * One was clips and video footage of Debbie Harry in New York City. The video can be found on the 1991 UK video compilation The Complete Picture: The Very Best of Deborah Harry and Blondie.
 * The other, which came out in 1981, did not feature any of the band. It depicted a New York City taxi driver (who had appeared in several other Blondie music videos) driving his Checker Taxi through Manhattan traffic. This version was part of the 1981 "Best of Blondie" compilation video.

1980 release

 * US, UK 7" (CHS 2414)
 * 1) "Call Me (Theme from American Gigolo)" (7" edit) — 3:32
 * 2) "Call Me" (7" instrumental) — 3:27

 * UK 12" (CHS 12 2414)
 * 1) "Call Me" (7" edit) — 3:32
 * 2) "Call Me" (Spanish version – 7" edit) — 3:32
 * 3) "Call Me" (7" instrumental) — 3:27

 * US 12" (Polydor PRO 124) [promo only]
 * 1) "Call Me" (Theme from American Gigolo) — 8:04
 * 2) "Night Drive" (Reprise) - by Giorgio Moroder — 3:52

 * US 12" (Salsoul SG 341)
 * 1) "Call Me" (Spanish version, extended) — 6:23
 * 2) "Call Me" (Instrumental) — 6:10

1989 release

 * UK 7" (CHS 3342-1)
 * 1) "Call Me" (Ben Liebrand Remix edit) — 3:48
 * 2) "Call Me" (Original Version) — 3:31

 * UK 12" (CHS 12 3342)
 * 1) "Call Me" (Ben Liebrand Remix) — 7:09
 * 2) "Backfired" (Bruce Forrest And Frank Heller Remix) — 6:03
 * 3) "Call Me" (Original Version) — 3:31

 * UK CD (CHSCD 3342)
 * 1) "Call Me" (Ben Liebrand Remix) — 7:09
 * 2) "Backfired" (Bruce Forrest And Frank Heller Remix) — 6:03
 * 3) * Performed by Debbie Harry
 * 4) "Call Me" (Original Version) — 3:31
 * 5) "Hanging on the Telephone" — 2:23

Notable samples & covers

 * A version of this song appeared on the 1980 album Chipmunk Punk by the Chipmunks.
 * In 2022, electronic dance music producers Gabry Ponte, R3hab and Timmy Trumpet released a cover of the song. It peaked at No. 80 on the Dutch Single Top 100.
 * In September 2023, U2's single Atomic City credited Harry/Moroder as co writers on the track given the clear inspiration of Call Me.
 * In June 2024, German europop group Cascada released a cover of the song as the second single from their 5th studio album Studio 24.

title: Call Me (Blondie song)


text:
Talk:International Computers and Tabulators

[Untitled]
I would be very glad if someone could add some of the Power Samas derived machines to the products list.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by RogerHolmes (talk • contribs) 19:59, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC).

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Redding Regional Airport

Redding Regional Airport, formerly Redding Municipal Airport, is 6 miles (10 km) southeast of Redding in Shasta County, California, United States. It is one of two airports in Redding, along with Benton Airpark. In addition to general aviation, the airport has scheduled passenger flights nonstop to and from Burbank (BUR) on Avelo Airlines Boeing 737s, Los Angeles (LAX) and San Francisco (SFO) on United Express Canadair CRJ200, CRJ700 and Embraer 175 regional jets, and Alaska Airlines Embraer 175 service to Seattle (SEA).

History
The city wanted a new airport and put in for a Works Progress Administration project that was called the Stillwater Airfield. Before the airfield was built in 1942, the site was acquired by the United States Army Corps of Engineers for the United States Army Air Forces and built the Redding Army Airfield. Initially, this was a sub-base for Chico AAF and garrisoned by the 433d Army Air Force Base Unit. It was under IV Fighter Command at Hamiltion AAF.

The mission of Redding Army Air Field was advanced flight training of new airmen prior to their deployment overseas into the combat zones of the Pacific, China, Mediterranean or European Theaters. The USAAF 399th Fighter Squadron, 369th Fighter Group operated P-39 Airacobras from the airfield for that mission.

On November 1, 1944, control of Redding AAF was transferred from the Fourth Air Force to the Sacramento Area Command of the Army Air Forces' Air Technical Service Command headquartered at McClellan Field near Sacramento. The host unit was redesignated as the 4191st Army Air Force Base Unit. The mission was changed from training aircrews to being a refueling and maintenance facility for transient aircraft. Redding AAF was sporadically used by the Army Air Forces' Air Transport Command as a refueling and service stop.

On December 19, 1945, the military declared Redding AAF excess, and on November 18, 1946, it was turned over to the city for a civil airfield. The final transfer was in 1949, ending military ownership.

The City of Redding continues to operate the airport and has started a major commercial development.

Southwest Airways was serving the airport during the late 1940s with Douglas DC-3 service with a roundtrip routing of San Francisco - Oakland - Vallejo/Napa - Sacramento - Marysville/Yuba City - Chico - Red Bluff - Redding - Yreka - Medford operated several times a day. By 1959, Southwest Airways successor Pacific Air Lines had introduced new Fairchild F-27 turboprop flights operated on a daily roundtrip routing of Redding - Chico - Sacramento - San Francisco - San Jose - Bakersfield - Los Angeles and was also operating nonstop DC-3 service from Eureka/Arcata and Portland, OR. Pacific Air Lines then merged with Bonanza Air Lines and West Coast Airlines to form Air West which in 1968 was operating all of its flights from the airport with Fairchild F-27 turboprops with direct service to San Francisco, Sacramento, Fresno, Las Vegas, Portland, OR, Eureka/Arcata and Crescent City. Air West was subsequently renamed Hughes Airwest following its acquisition by Howard Hughes and in 1970 was operating all of its flights from Redding with Fairchild F-27 turboprops with nonstop and direct flights to San Francisco, nonstop flights to Chico, Eureka/Arcata and Klamath Falls, and direct flights to Sacramento, Portland, OR, Seattle and Santa Barbara.

Historical jet service included Hughes Airwest (formerly Air West) with Douglas DC-9-10s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s to San Francisco (SFO), Los Angeles (LAX), Portland, OR (PDX) and Seattle (SEA). Frontier Boeing 737-200s flew to Denver (DEN) via Sacramento (SMF). United Airlines flew 737s nonstop and direct to San Francisco (SFO) for several years starting in 1983. Pacific Express BAC One-Elevens flew nonstop to San Francisco (SFO) and on to Los Angeles (LAX) and also to Portland (PDX). In addition, American Eagle service operated by Wings West on behalf of American Airlines, using Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner (Metro III) commuter turboprops, flew nonstop to San Jose (SJC), San Francisco (SFO), Eureka/Arcata (ACV), and Klamath Falls (LMT) at various points until late 1993.

According to the Official Airline Guide (OAG), three airlines were serving the airport in 1995 including Alaska Airlines wholly-owned subsidiary Horizon Air with de Havilland Canada DHC-8 Dash 8 and Dornier 328 turboprop service nonstop from Eureka/Arcata (ACV) and Portland (PDX) as well as direct from Seattle (SEA), Reno Air Express operated by Mid Pacific Air on behalf of Reno Air with British Aerospace BAe Jetstream 31 turboprop service nonstop from Chico (CIC), Medford (MFR), Reno (RNO), Sacramento (SMF) and San Jose (SJC), and United Express operated by WestAir Airlines on behalf of United Airlines with Embraer EMB-120 Brasilia turboprop service nonstop from San Francisco (SFO). By 1996, Sierra Expressway was operating nonstop BAe Jetstream 31 turboprop service to Oakland (OAK).

On July 17, 2008, President George W. Bush and his staff landed at Redding in Air Force One to allow the president to see the damage done by wildfires.

On June 3, 2016, Donald Trump held a campaign rally on the airport tarmac.

Facilities
Redding Regional Airport covers 1584 acre and has two asphalt runways: 16/34, 7,003 x 150 ft (2,135 x 46 m) and 12/30, 5,067 x 150 ft (1,544 x 46 m).

In 12 months through December 31, 2022 the airport had 60,902 aircraft operations, average 167 per day: 63% general aviation, 33% air taxi, 3% scheduled commercial and 1% military. 240 aircraft were based at this airport: 175 single-engine, 15 multi-engine, 19 helicopter and 31 jet.

Ground transportation
The airport is southeast of Redding along Airport Road at Knighton Road. Interstate 5 can be reached to the west via Knighton Road, and California State Route 44 can be reached to the north via Airport Road. Both long-term and short-term parking are available, as well as car rental and taxi services.

Expansion plans
The City of Redding's remodel and expansion of the terminal building was complete as of November 11, 2014, when the grand opening took place. The project cost approximately $9.8 million, with the majority of funds coming from the FAA Airport Improvement Program. The terminal building was expanded from 20,000 sq. ft. to approximately 30,000 sq. ft. The secure passenger holding area increased its holding capacity from 70 passengers to over 200. The holding area now has restrooms, a convenience for passengers who previously had to leave the secure area if they needed to use the restroom. This project was constructed by the general contractor Danco Builders Northwest, out of Arcata.

title: Redding Regional Airport


text:
Chultun

A chultún (or chultun, plural: chultunob '  or chultúns) is a bottle-shaped underground storage chamber built by the pre-Columbian Maya in southern Mesoamerica. Their entrances were surrounded by plastered aprons which guided rainwater into them during the rainy seasons. Most of these archaeological features likely functioned as cisterns for potable water.

Chultunob' were typically constructed in locations where naturally occurring cenotes were absent (such as the Puuc hills, which sit hundreds of feet above the Yucatán Peninsula aquifer). While many were constructed to collect water, not all may have served that purpose. Some chultúns may have been used for storage of perishable comestibles or for the fermentation of alcoholic beverages. Experimental research conducted in the 1960s by Mayanist Dennis E. Puleston demonstrated that chultúns around Tikal were particularly effective for long-term storage of ramon nuts (Brosimum alicastrum).

Associated with water, rain, and child sacrifice, chultunob' are widely viewed as points of access to the Maya underworld. This makes chultunob' an excellent source of information on both the life and death of ancient settlements of the Prehispanic Maya.

title: Chultun


text:
User talk:Vincej

'''Please feel free to comment on any of my contributions.

Many thanks.'''

Nursing
________________

Great work

 * Wonderful job on Nursing ethics! -THB 13:37, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Category:Nurses
Hi Vince, I sincerely sympathize with your concern, and I'm not entirely surprised that someone was unhappy about that. If there was some way to put it lower down on the page, I assuredly would have done so. FYI, I also added the same link on Category:Physicians, after I discovered that Category:Doctors convicted of murdering their patients was no longer a sub-cat. The problem is that it's name was changed in a recent CFD. With the new name & scope, it no longer works as a sub-cat of either profession, and I'm concerned that readers are unlikely to think to look for it in the parent cat, Category:People in health professions. I myself did not agree with the renaming; I argued for profession-specific categories. I don't think anybody foresaw the problem that would be created by removing the category from its former parent.

Hmmm. Tell you what -- I'm going to revert the edit for now, and try to come up with a better solution. Regards, Cgingold (talk) 13:06, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

RE: Health coaching
I've replied on the talk page. —Cyclonenim (talk · contribs) 13:38, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Tidal model
Just noticed your nice work on this article, was just wondering about it the other day so I was really glad to see it already created. I've been working on Recovery model and it seems we should get the two to link to each other. EverSince (talk) 17:24, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I've had a go at inserting a brief summary of it to Recovery model, which you might want to improve. I put it after the psych rehab points as it seems to come from a professional setting... Cheers EverSince (talk) 12:16, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Or to expand of course... EverSince (talk) 16:00, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Good point...kept thinking when adding more different aspects to that section that it was getting quite long and jumbled. Will address it there. EverSince (talk) 18:21, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

About my list on Barack Obama
"I was responsible for tagging your article on articles about Obama..."

Thanks for being up front about it;

and indeed for elaborating your views on the subject.

However, it wasn't an article about articles,

but a list---which are common in wikipedia.

RHaworth deleted it on the grounds that it was redundant, and he showed where to my great satisfaction.

Thanks for the greetings and (otherwise) kind words. ;-)

Cheers,

Yartett (talk) 13:10, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Traumatic brain injury
Hi! I see from your user page that you're a nurse who's interested in health care and mental health. I've been working on the TBI article and wondered if you'd mind taking a look at it, particularly the rehabilitation and complications sections. There's a peer review open, or the talk page would work fine. Surprisingly, there's really little mental health info in the article, I'm afraid I might have introduced an emergency and acute time frame bias. Anyway, if you have time and would like to take a look, great, otherwise no worries. Thanks much! Peace, delldot   ∇.  23:13, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

Would appreciate your input on Psychiatric and mental health nursing
Hi mate! I'd like to change the redirect structure on your article, Psychiatric_and_mental_health_nursing, wondered if you could check out my note on the talk page? Basie (talk) 10:07, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

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File:Terry's of York.jpg listed for deletion
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WikiProject Disability
I have noticed that you are interested in articles related to disability, so I'd like to invite you to participate in WP:WikiProject Disability. Roger (talk) 16:17, 17 September 2010 (UTC)

Sentiments
That change at Ken Robinson wasn't a nice sentiment - see Articles for deletion/My Dear Sweet Heart and Avinash patra. Peridon (talk) 15:30, 14 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Interesting. Good job I reverted it. -- Vince (talk) 14:21, 10 March 2011 (UTC)

Penge
Since you posted comments on the Penge Wikipedia page about the class of the article, I have been slowly trying to bring it up to scratch. I have now sought a peer review and would like to invite you back home to Penge to see what you think of the improvements and offer any suggestions. One has already come up (the Penge Murders are mentioned a couple of times but they are not directly referenced). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bebofpenge (talk • contribs) 05:26, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Vincej


text:
Ganelon

In the 11th century Matter of France, Ganelon is the knight who betrayed Charlemagne's army to the Saracens, leading to the 778 Battle of Roncevaux Pass. His name is said to derive from the Italian word inganno, meaning fraud or deception. He is based upon the historical Wenilo, the archbishop of Sens who betrayed King Charles the Bald in 858.

Appearances
Ganelon's most famous appearance is in The Song of Roland, where he is represented as a well-respected Frankish baron; Roland's own stepfather and Charlemagne's brother-in-law. According to this Old French chanson de geste Ganelon was married to Charlemagne's sister and had a son with her. Ganelon resents his stepson's boastfulness, great popularity among the Franks and success on the battlefield. When Roland nominates him for a dangerous mission as messenger to the Saracens, Ganelon is deeply offended and vows vengeance.

This revenge takes the form of treachery, as Ganelon plots the ambush at Roncesvals with Blancandrin. At the end, justice is served when Ganelon's comrade Pinabel is defeated in a trial by combat, showing that Ganelon is a traitor in the eyes of God. Ganelon is torn limb from limb by four fiery horses.

In Canto XXXII of the Book of Inferno in Dante's The Divine Comedy, Ganelon (Ganellone) has been banished to Cocytus in the depths of hell as punishment for his betrayal to his own country in the second round of the ninth circle called Antenora.

Ganelon (Gano; commonly: Gano di Pontieri, i.e. "Ganelon of Ponthieu" or Gano di Maganza, i.e. "Ganelon of Mainz") also appears in Italian Renaissance epic poem romances dealing with Charlemagne, Roland (Italian: Orlando) and Renaud de Montauban (Italian: Renaldo or Rinaldo), such as Matteo Maria Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato and Luigi Pulci's Morgante. The treachery and dishonesty of the House of Maganza became proverbial in Italy, as for example in this inscription of 1472 on the wall of a castle in Canzo: Non te fidare de femina nesuna / che sono tute dela caxa de Maganza (Don't trust any woman, / for they're all from House of Mainz).

In Don Quixote, Cervantes wrote, "To have a bout of kicking at that traitor of a Ganelon, he [Don Quixote] would have given his housekeeper, and his niece into the bargain."

He is also mentioned in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, both in "The Shipman's Tale", where his gruesome fate is a byeword (193-94: "... God take on me vengeance/ as foul as evere hadde Genylon of France") and in "The Nun's Priest's Tale" (225: "O false assassin, lurking in thy den! O new Iscariot, new Ganelon!").

The Account of Ganelon's treachery
Following is an account of Ganelon's crucial role in Charlemagne's willful ignorance, which brings about the death of Duke Benes of Aygremount, derived from the prose version chanson de geste and prose romance "Les Quatre Fils Aymon" (also known as "Renaud de Montauban") and translated to English by William Caxton as "The Right Pleasant and Goodly Historie of the Foure Sonnes of Aymon".

''Now, a little before the feast of St. John the Baptist, King Charlemagne held a great court in Paris, and Duke Benes did not forget to go there as he had promised. And so he departed from Aygremount with two hundred knights and took his way to Paris to serve the king, as he would have him do.''

Now, the King being in Paris, his nephew the Earl Ganelon, Foulkes of Moryllon, Hardres, and Berenger, came to him and told him that Duke Benes was coming to serve him with two hundred knights, and Ganelon said: "Sire, how may you love or be well served by him who so cruelly has slain your son, our cousin? If it were your pleasure, we should well avenge you of him, for truly, we would slay him."

"Ganelon," said the king, "that would be treason, for we have given him our truce. But do as you will, so that the blame turn not upon me; and keep you well. For in certain the Duke of Aygremount is very powerful and of great kindred; and well might you find yourself with much to do, if you carry out your intent."

"Sire," said Ganelon, "care nothing for that. There is no man in all the world rich enough to undertake anything against me or my lineage. And Sire, tomorrow early we shall depart with 4,000 fighting men; and you may be sure we shall deliver the world of him."

"Certainly," said the king, "that would be treason."

"Care nothing for that," said Ganelon, "for he slew well your son Lohier by treason, and he was my kinsman; and therefore I will be avenged if I may."

"Now do as you will," said the king, "understanding always that I am not consenting thereto."

''When morning came, Ganelon and his knights departed early from Paris, and with them full 4000 fighting men. And they rode without tarrying until they came to the Valley of Soissons; and there they encountered Duke Benes with his followers.''

When Duke Benes saw them coming he said to his men, "Lords, I see that yonder are some people of the king's coming from the court."

"It is of no importance," said one of his knights.

"I know not what it may be," said the Duke, "for King Charlemagne is well able to think to avenge himself. And also he has with him a lineage of people who are deadly and cruel; that would be Ganelon, Foulkes of Moryllon, and certain others of his court. And in truth, last night I dreamed that a griffin came out of the heavens and pierced my shield and armor, so that his claws struck into my liver and my spleen. And all my men were in great torment and eaten by boars and lions, so that none escaped but one alone. And also, it seemed to me that out of my mouth issued a white dove."

''Then one of his knights said that all was well, and he should not dismay himself because of the dream. "I know not what God shall send me," said the Duke, "but my heart dreads me for this dream."''

''Then Duke Benes commanded that every man should arm himself. And his knights answered that they would glady do so, and all sought their arms and equipment. And now you shall hear of the hard hewing and of a thing heavy to recount: the great slaughter that was made of the good Duke Benes of Aygremount, by the traitor Ganelon.''

The text is online at:

https://archive.org/details/rightplesauntno4400caxtuoft

title: Ganelon


text:
User:Bonbayel

I am an American technical writer, but I lived in Denmark for a number of years. There I studied Environmental Management methods, but have had difficulty interesting American businesses in it.

As a technical writer, I mostly work on contracts with small businesses, helping with writing policies and procedures and product user guides. I have also studied Systems Analysis as a methodology to plan these writing projects.

My dream is to work with a company that has an environmentally sustainable product, or that would like to implement environmental management procedures.

title: User:Bonbayel


text:
Talk:Sprawl trilogy

Dystopia?
I think it can be argued that the Sprawl Trilogy does not represent a dystopic world because the reactions of the characters within the world are not, on the whole, negative. In other words, their reaction to the world is to to accept it as normal and live within its constraints, much as we do. I think this is an important point; for much of its history, science fiction has alternated between utopian and dystopian visions of the future. Gibson offers a view rendered in shades of gray, in which most characters are a mix of good and evil, dystopian and utopian.

 * The world in the books is described in a distopian setting, thus that alone simply makes it distopian. Though the characters aren't inherantly negative, they aren't exactly saints either. Case, Molly, and so forth are people who exist in the fringes of the serie's society and thus, their outlook will hardly represent that general world as a whole. In this instance, I believe that in their particular existence, these characters will find solidarity and happiness in a manner that doesn't conform to the world they live in. Also rampant and unchecked technology advances have pretty much rendered governments useless and corporations essentially keep the world's status quos in check. If Gibson's Sprawl Trilogy isn't a vision of a dystopic future, then I think the basis of classifying his books within the cyberpunk genre should be reconsidered. Gibson Cowboy 14:30, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Whatever the things you mention are good or bad is open to discussion, also worth noting is that the main characters in this books are hardly representative of the whole world they live in. It is clear that there are plenty of happy people there having normal lives as well as people suffering in misery, I would say this is not very different from the world we currently live in. Also I would completely disagree that the cyberpunk genre requires a dystopian view of the future. --Lost Goblin 02:34, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Note that most characters in most distopian novels "accept [the world] as normal and live within its constraints, much as we do." Most of the folks in Brave New World are actually pretty happy, but it is still a distopia.Wachholder0 06:36, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Your point is valid, but I don't think that this issue is very relevant. --Lost Goblin 02:34, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I think this is very much an issue of point of view, I personally would consider it "realistic"(for lack of a better word) science fiction, in contrast to the utopian/dystopian science fiction you refer to. Of course some people will not like that future, but I don't think that is necessarily even the most common view. Also given the following definition of "dystopia", I don't think it applies at all:

dystopia n 1: state in which the condition of life is extremely bad as          from deprivation or oppression or terror [ant: {utopia}] 2: a work of fiction describing an imaginary place where life is extremely bad because of deprivation or oppression or        terror
 * To me it feels very much like our current world, with a very heterogeneous combination of good and evil, with the good/evil ratio changing depending on your point of view and personal values. And I think *that* is the beauty of it, that it presents us a world without making a moral judgement of what is presented in it. --Lost Goblin 02:21, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

Name of the trilogy
When did the name for the trilogy become Sprawl Trilogy? In my books this is called the Cyberspace Trilogy. 24.205.52.47 05:55, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure if the trilogy has an "official" name, I have also seen it mentioned as "the Neuromancer Trilogy", and the "The Sprawl trilogy" seems a bit of a misnomer as much of the action happens elsewhere, and "The Sprawl" as such doesn't have a very central role in the story. Still I think it is known most commonly under this name, but at least mentioning the various alternative names might be a good idea. --Lost Goblin 02:39, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I think the 'Sprawl Trilogy' name started being used when the phrase 'Bridge Trilogy' started being used - as a way to seperate the 2 'sets', to show they're not connected.

 * Personally, I've always considered there to be 4 books in the Sprawl set - since Burning Chrome should be included, especially as many of the stories and characters are referred to in the other 3 books.

193.243.227.1 11:30, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

More appropriate covers?
The photo is of covers from the 1996 editions. (and IMHO, these covers suck) The covers from earlier (original?) editions look much better. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.195.59.182 (talk) 18:32, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

Octagon?
Does this word really belong in the glossary? I always thought it was merely a description of the shape of the pills. I'm not sure synecdoche is the right word, but it's close in meaning, more like a poetic description of the form of the drug rather than intended as a part of the actual and literal vernacular of the setting. 72.73.33.64 (talk) 02:46, 23 September 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sprawl trilogy


text:
Tom Sneva

Thomas Edsol Sneva (born June 1, 1948) is a retired American race car driver who won the Indianapolis 500 in 1983. He primarily raced in Indy cars, and was named to the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2005.

A former math teacher and junior high principal from Spokane, Washington, Sneva's win at Indianapolis came after three runner-up finishes and a spectacular crash in 1975. Nicknamed "The Gas Man," he was an outstanding qualifier, winning the pole position three times (1977, 1978, 1984). He was also the fastest qualifier on a fourth occasion in 1981, but because of qualifying rules did not start the race from the pole position that year.

Sneva won two consecutive USAC National Championships for Indy cars in 1977 and 1978.

Career
Born in Spokane, to Edsol "Ed" and Joan, Sneva's first powered vehicle was a go-kart, which he received at age 14; by age 18 he was racing stock cars. Sneva graduated from Lewis and Clark High School, where he played football and basketball, before attending Eastern Washington State College, where he played a year of college basketball. After graduating from Eastern, he was hired by the high school in Sprague, where he taught math and physical education. Sneva was the eldest of five brothers, all racers; the next oldest was Jerry, who also competed at Indy.

At Indianapolis in 1977, Sneva drove his famed Norton Spirit McLaren M24/Cosworth racer for car owner Roger Penske, and became the first driver to qualify for the Indianapolis 500 at a speed at 200 mph or more. His one-lap track record on May 14 was 200.535 mph.

Sneva won 2 races in 1977, including a 1-2 finish for Team Penske at the Pocono 500, and became the first driver in Team Penske history to win a championship. In 1978, Sneva did not win a race but with 5 second-place finishes and 16 top fives, Sneva still won the championship. Despite this, Sneva was released by Penske after the 1978 season. Although it was speculated that his dismissal was for not winning to Penske's expectations, Penske later said in a 2009 Centennial Era interview that, in reality, he and Tom had disagreements on the direction of the team, and that was the reason for them parting ways.(30) Sneva exercised a stock option on Penske Automotive Group shortly after his dismissial, a prudent decision that paid dividends down the road.

In 1984, Sneva became the first to qualify for the Indianapolis 500 over 210 mph in his Texaco Star March 84C/Cosworth driving for the new Mayer Motor Racing team. His one and four lap track records on May 12 were 210.689 mph and 210.029 mph.

Sneva's career at the Indianapolis 500 was known for fast qualifying, second-place finishes, near misses and several crashes. Three times (1977, 1978, 1980) Sneva ended up the bridesmaid by finishing second. Finally, Sneva broke through in dramatic fashion in 1983 after a thrilling late race duel with Penske driver Al Unser and the lapped car of Unser's rookie son, Al Jr. It was Sneva's 1983 win in his Texaco Star March 83C/Cosworth for Bignotti-Cotter Racing that led to his nickname of "The Gas Man." That win was also famous for it being the last of George Bignotti's record seven Indianapolis 500 wins as a chief mechanic. For Sneva, the victory was sweet revenge, as he had been fired by Roger Penske in 1978 despite having won back-to-back USAC championships.

Sneva's second-place finish in 1980 is notable as it is one of only two occasions of such a finish by a driver starting last. It is also one of only three times the driver who started last (33rd) led laps during the race, a record matched by Alex Tagliani in 2016 and James Davison in 2017. Several other times Sneva was in contention for the win, but did not make it to the end of the race. It was during this time that Sneva, racing for Jerry O'Connell, became one of the first drivers at Indianapolis to race with a spotter, an idea Sneva attributed to his time coaching football, where common practice was to have an observer sitting high up in the media center. In 1981, Sneva charged hard from his 20th starting position to lead early in the race, but his untested Blue Poly March 81-C/Cosworth was fragile and his clutch failed early on. One year later, Sneva was in a duel with eventual winner Gordon Johncock and eventual runner-up Rick Mears when his engine in his Texaco Star March 82-C/Cosworth began losing power and eventually failed near the end of the race.

In 1983, Sneva captured his first Indianapolis 500 win, engaging in a duel with Al Unser and his son in the final 20 laps. Al Unser Jr. was widely criticized after the race for trying to impede Sneva to help his father win, as well as having passed several cars under caution, and jumping the final restart for which he received a two-lap penalty. As defending champion in 1984, Sneva dueled with Mears only 32 laps from the finish, but a CV joint failed, enabling Mears to win. The 1985 race was a testament to Sneva's ability as he drove an ill-handling Skoal Bandit Eagle/Cosworth to second place before exiting in a crash with the lapped car of Rich Vogler. It was this series of near misses combined with second-place finishes and hard-charging qualifying and racing style that made Sneva a fan favorite at Indianapolis.

He suffered one of the most famous crashes at Indianapolis during the 1975 race, his second. After touching wheels with Eldon Rasmussen, 26-year-old Sneva flipped up into the catch fence and tore his car in half, but suffered mostly minor burns on 15% of his body in the fiery crash. He walked to the ambulance but was placed in the intensive care unit at Methodist Hospital, mainly for lung issues due to the fire retardant. Describing the crash years later Sneva quipped, "In a situation like that it's important to talk to yourself: 'Faint, you coward, faint!'"

In 1986, he was warming up his car during the pace lap, but lost control and crashed before the race started. In 1987, Sneva crashed three cars, two in practice, and one during the race. He crashed during the Indianapolis 500 in 1975, 1979, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, and 1992, a record for crashes during the race.

After Sneva's Indy victory in 1983, he never finished the race again. He dropped out of the race in 1984–1990, failed to qualify in 1991, and dropped out of the 1992 race as well. Some observers have attributed his decline in success to the switch to radial tires (the series transitioned to radials over a period from 1985 to 1987). His driving style was more apropos to bias ply tires.

Sneva showed his versatility by competing in eight NASCAR Winston Cup Series events in his career, spanning from 1977 to 1987. He earned one top-ten, a 7th in the 1983 Daytona 500.

Sneva's final start was the 1992 Indianapolis 500. He arrived at Indianapolis without a ride for 1993, and was unsuccessful in landing a car for the race. He retired with 13 career Indycar wins and 14 pole positions.

After Sneva retired from driving, he was a color commentator for ABC television network's Wide World of Sports program and called several Indianapolis 500s. He is also heavily involved in the golf course business where he resides in Paradise Valley, Arizona.

Personal life
Sneva's father, Edsol ("Ed") was a local racer in the Spokane region.

Sneva is the oldest of five brothers and one sister: Jerry, Jan, Blaine, Ed ("Babe") and Robin. He said the brothers were always racing something growing up. Babe (1951–1976) succumbed to severe head injuries more than eighteen months after a race crash in British Columbia.

Sneva was an ace in mathematics, and graduated from Eastern Washington State College in nearby Cheney with an education degree. He became a math teacher in a school district outside of Spokane city limits, and drove the school bus.

American open-wheel racing
(key) ( Races in bold indicate pole position )

NASCAR
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

International Race of Champions
(key) ( Bold – Pole position. * – Most laps led. )

Awards
In 2004, Sneva was inducted into the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame. The following year he was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America.

title: Tom Sneva


text:
Grace Fortescue

Grace Hubbard Fortescue, (née Bell) (November 3, 1883 – June 24, 1979), was a New York City socialite who murdered a man, later proven innocent, who was accused of raping her daughter. After being convicted of manslaughter at a sensational trial, her ten-year sentence was commuted to a single hour by Hawaii's Territorial Governor Lawrence Judd.

Early life
Grace Hubbard Bell was born November 3, 1883, in Washington, D.C. Her father Charles John Bell was first cousin of inventor Alexander Graham Bell. Her mother was Roberta Wolcott Hubbard Bell (1859–1885). Her maternal grandfather Gardiner Hubbard was the first president of Bell Telephone Company. When her mother died in childbirth in 1885, her father married her mother's sister, Grace Hubbard.

The family lived at Twin Oaks, their estate in the Cleveland Park neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Newspaper reports indicate that Grace could be classified a prankster: as a youth, she and her friends stole a trolley car for a joy ride through the streets of Washington and, on another occasion, she blocked traffic on Pennsylvania Avenue by joining hands with friends and roller-skating down the avenue.

Personal life
In 1910, she married U.S. Army Major Granville "Rolly" Fortescue (1875–1952), one of the sons of Robert Barnwell Roosevelt. Her husband was first cousin of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. The marriage was not as financially successful as she would have wished. She was the mother of three daughters:

 * Thalia Fortescue Massie (1911–1963), who married Thomas Hedges Massie (1905–1987), a Navy lieutenant.
 * Marion Fortescue (1912–c. 1983), who married Daulton Gillespie Viskniskki in 1934.
 * Kenyon Fortescue (1914–1990), better known as actress Helene Whitney; she married J. Louis Reynolds in 1936.

Outwardly, the Fortescues appeared to be wealthy country gentry. In reality, financial affairs became a primary concern for them after Granville's final retirement from the army. With the exception of a short stint as a fiction editor for Liberty magazine in 1930, he did not have steady employment, preferring to wait for the fortune his wife would inherit at the death of her parents.

Murder trial
In 1932, Grace Fortescue was charged with murder and convicted by a jury of manslaughter for the death of Joseph Kahahawai, one of the defendants in the alleged rape of her daughter Thalia in Hawaii in 1931. Also charged and convicted with Fortescue were two sailors, Edward J. Lord and Deacon Jones, and Fortescue's son-in-law, Thomas Massie, who participated in the abduction and murder of Kahahawai.

Attorney Clarence Darrow defended Fortescue, Jones, Massie, and Lord. He subsequently obtained a commutation of their sentence (ten years' imprisonment for manslaughter) to a one-hour confinement in the executive chambers of Territorial Governor Lawrence M. Judd.

In 1966, while being interviewed by author Peter Van Slingerland, Albert O. Jones admitted that he was the one who shot Joseph Kahahawai.

title: Grace Fortescue


text: User talk:70.243.35.89

title: User talk:70.243.35.89


text:
Lebedev (crater)

Lebedev is a crater on the far side of the Moon. It is named after Russian Physicist Pyotr Lebedev. It is located at the eastern edge of the irregular feature known as Mare Australe. The crater lies to the southeast of the larger, flooded Lamb, and to the east-northeast of Anuchin. To the southeast of Lebedev lies the smaller crater Cassegrain.

This is a worn and eroded crater formation with an uneven outer rim, although no significant impacts overlay the rim edge. There are a few small craterlets along the inner wall, with a pair along the southeast and another to the southwest. The most distinctive feature about this crater, however, is the dark, lava-flooded interior. This surface is pitted with many tiny craterlets and has a low ridge in the southern half, but is otherwise level and nearly featureless.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Lebedev.

title: Lebedev (crater)


text:
USS Laramie (AO-16)

USS Laramie (AO-16) was a Kaweah-class fleet replenishment oiler in the United States Navy.

Laramie was built in 1920 under USSB contract by William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia; acquired by the Navy at Mobile, Alabama, 17 December 1921; and commissioned 28 December 1921.

Steaming from Mobile 10 January 1922, Laramie reached Norfolk 13 January and decommissioned 19 June. She recommissioned in ordinary 26 June 1940 at Philadelphia. She arrived Brooklyn Navy Yard 28 June for alterations; recommissioned in full 6 December; returned to Philadelphia 15 December; and arrived Norfolk 17 January 1941 for duty with the Atlantic Fleet.

South American operations
Between 18 January and 5 June Laramie made six runs to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to transport fuel oil to Norfolk and Bermuda. She sailed from Norfolk to Bahia Bay, Brazil, via Guantanamo Bay 24 June to 21 July; operated along the Brazilian coast until 13 August; then returned to Norfolk 1 September for overhaul. Departing 11 October, she carried fuel oil via Boston and St. John's, Newfoundland, to Narsarsuaq, Greenland, site of a United States air base known as Bluie West One, where she arrived 25 October.

World War II Atlantic Theatre operations
When the United States entered the war against the Axis powers, Laramie was operating along the southwestern coast of Greenland carrying oil and gasoline. She steamed from Narsarsuaq to Norfolk via Sydney, Nova Scotia, 11 to 23 December; and, after completing two fueling runs to Baton Rouge, she cleared Casco Bay, Maine, 8 March 1942 with a cargo of gasoline and oil for Army bases in Greenland. Throughout the remainder of 1942 and during 1943 she plied the stormy North Atlantic, transporting liquid and dry cargo to Greenland from Boston; New York; Sydney, Nova Scotia; and NS Argentia and St. John's, Newfoundland.

Torpedoed in the Belle Isle Strait
Loaded with 361,000 gallons of aviation gasoline, 55,000 barrels of oil, and with general cargo, including depth charges. Laramie departed Sydney for Greenland 26 August 1942 as part of convoy SG-6. On the evening of the 27th she was torpedoed while steaming in convoy at the eastern end of Belle Isle Strait during a part of the Battle of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Hit on the port side forward by a torpedo fired by U-165 commanded by Eberhard Hoffman, she immediately listed to port and went down by the bow some 37 feet. The blast demolished the forward crew's quarters, killing four men; opened a hole 41 feet long and 34 feet high, causing extensive flooding forward; and ruptured the port gasoline tank, spraying the ship with volatile liquid and explosive fumes.

Despite flooding and imminent danger of explosion, the captain, Comdr. P. M. Moncy, took immediate and effective action to save Laramie. Although gasoline ran ankle-deep over the forward gun platforms, no fires broke out, and a steam-smothering system protected unruptured holds. Prompt pumping of liquid cargo corrected the list and reduced the forward draft.

Return to Sydney for repairs
Escorted by U.S. Coast Guard cutter Mohawk, Laramie returned to Sydney 30 August before steaming to Boston 2 to 5 September for damage repairs. Commander Moncy later received the Navy Cross for directing the saving of Laramie under extremely hazardous conditions.

After a run to Aruba, Netherlands West Indies, from 21 February to 2 March 1944 for a cargo of gasoline, Laramie resumed voyages to Greenland out of Boston 25 March. She returned to Aruba 28 August; carried fuel to Newfoundland via Guantanamo and Boston 7 to 27 September; then returned to the Caribbean 17 October to shuttle liquid cargo between Aruba and Guantanamo. Steaming to New York via Bermuda 9 to 20 November, she resumed shuttle runs along the eastern seaboard to Newfoundland and Greenland.

After the war
On 8 August 1945 Laramie arrived in Boston from Grønnedal, Greenland. Steaming to Norfolk 4 to 6 September, she decommissioned 16 November 1945. She was transferred to the Maritime Commission 11 June 1946 and on 1 July 1947 was delivered to Boston Metals Co., Baltimore

title: USS Laramie (AO-16)


text:
Talk:William Duer (Continental congressman)

Untitled
Interesting "Duer was part of a conspiracy of equally avaricious aristocrats. Like all those who would follow them in the centuries to come, they were way over extended and crashed. New Yorkers were so outraged at their behavior that they chased Duer through the streets, nearly disemboweled him until he was arrested and taken to debtor's prison where he died in 1799."
 * Aristocrats is a bit much; but he was a High Federalist. We should mention his connection with Clive, and with Schuyler, and above all his office as first Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 21:12, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was no consensus. PeterSymonds (talk)  00:31, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

William Duer covers this man, his son (William Alexander Duer, which is disambiguated) and his grandson, briefly a Congressman. I believe this Duer is primary usage, as membet of the Continental Congress and first Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; we should move him to William Duer instead of the current unclear parenthetical dab (I think delegate is supposed to mean delegate to the Continental Congress), and move William Duer to William Duer (disambiguation). Septentrionalis PMAnderson 21:12, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

Survey

 * Support as nom. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 21:12, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Oppose As this involves 3 people, all from the same family, all being involved in American politics and law, having a disambiguation page, at William Duer, with clear biographies, seems the best solution. William Duer (delegate) has alreay been moved from William Duer (1747-1799), I don't see that moving it again to William Duer will aid anyone trying to find a particular person. Tassedethe (talk) 22:29, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
 * This William Duer is much better known than his grandson; the grandfather and William Alexander Duer, the father, are both in American National Biography; the grandson is not. We have plenty of incoming links here, not all from the template; the grandson has none but his immediate family and the minimal links that any Congressman must have. Having checked them, I also see that they are prone to error; links which should go to the other two are dabbed erroneously to the grandson. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 02:17, 8 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Oppose for several reasons.  (1) I am unconvinced that 80% of readers searching for William Duer will want the Continental Congressman, which is the rock-bottom requirement for any utility.  For that matter, I'm not sure that any of them are well-known enough to make the argument.  (2) There is a non-trivial risk of confusion by readers.  Many Americans have a view of history that resembles the New Yorker's map of the country: there is great confusion of dates about anything older than living memory.  (3) If a careless editor links to the "primary" William Duer, meaning William Alexander Duer, it will never be detected by a bot and may cause genuine perplexity by even a reader with a strong general background.  (4) I think that for bios, a disambiguation page with one or two sentence capsule biographies makes Wikipedia better.  Robert A.West (Talk) 13:15, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

Discussion
At the least, the disambiguation should be changed. Calling him delegate because he was a member of the Continental Congress is willful obscurity; nor is it what he was best known for (that would be the Assistant Secretaryship). Any of the following would be preferable:
 * (Continental Congress), since (Congressman) does not distinguish.
 * (Assistant Secretary)
 * (Treasury)
 * (Federalist); his grandson was a Whig. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 15:07, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

I agree with this, especially since dates are deprecated as disambiguation text. I propose disambiguating as follows:
 * William Duer (Continental Congress). Retain the redirect thereby created.
 * William Alexander Duer. Add a redirect from William Duer (jurist) and William Duer (Columbia University), since an editor attempting a link could try either one.
 * William Duer (U.S. Congressman). Leave the deprecated disambiguation as a redirect.

I'll put a note on the third William Duer page. Robert A.West (Talk) 13:26, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Actally, I was just bold and moved the grandson's page as I suggested above. That, at least, seems uncontroversial. Robert A.West (Talk) 17:03, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

No consensus
It seems clear that there is no consensus for the proposed move to Wlliam Duer. I have removed the tag.
 * Probably not, but an admin might as well do that, and possibly impose a change of parenthetical. I would agree with Continental Congressman. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 17:14, 12 August 2008 (UTC)
 * We can change the parenthetical ourselves, just not while an RM is pending. Robert A.West (Talk) 18:48, 12 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

First insider trader
A section can be added about the insider trade act.

Few references:

 * http://archive.fortune.com/galleries/2010/fortune/1005/gallery.dumbest_insider_trades.fortune/8.html
 * https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2017/04/05/the-man-behind-the-panic-of-1792-and-the-first-wall-street-insider/
 * http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2005/06/02/DI2005060201513.html?noredirect=on

Baijum81 (talk) 12:28, 13 December 2018 (UTC)

Devon
Do we know where in Devon he was born? 2A00:23C4:6C0C:A900:C913:4388:A7DE:6516 (talk) 10:15, 25 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Duer was born in Devonshire, England. Source: Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Allreet (talk) 17:29, 22 August 2022 (UTC)

Dispute Founding Father claim
@User:Randy Kryn: William Duer is considered a Founding Father by whom? Since you didn't add a citation, we have no way of telling. So please apply one so we can discuss what your source is and then what other sources have to say. Allreet (talk) 10:16, 2 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Having signed the Articles of Confederation, Duer is considered a founding father. Thus, I removed the disputed template. Allreet (talk) 17:06, 22 August 2022 (UTC)

Duer...an attorney?
As best as I've been able to determine, Duer was not an attorney. His U.S. Congress bio provides no indication that he studied or practiced law, nor does any other source that I could find. What's confusing the issue is the fact that Duer had been appointed a justice of the peace and later served as a judge. It should be noted that many justices of the peace are not attorneys so his appointment as a judge could be a similar case.

Thus, without any sources to back up the use of "attorney" in the lede sentence, I've replaced it with "jurist". If anyone finds any source to further clarify the issue, I would appreciate it. Allreet (talk) 18:24, 22 August 2022 (UTC)

 * Immediately after posting this, I accessed King of the Alley on Google Books, which covers Duer's financial dealings. The book indicates Duer's appointment to the courts was based on his status as a landowner. That would explain how he became a jurist without being an attorney, though it doesn't entirely rule out the possibility. Allreet (talk) 18:28, 22 August 2022 (UTC)

 * In the Revolutionary era and immediately afterwards, most lawyers had been trained in England or by English lawyers, so they were untrusted and many were disbarred. As a result, it was pretty typical for non-lawyers to serve as judges until a new crop of non-English lawyers came along. In Vermont, the voters created (and still maintain) the position of assistant judge -- two per county. They are allowed to sit in family court and civil court, and act as triers of fact, while the presiding judge acts as the trier of the law. The side judges are supposed to keep an eye on the presiding judge.

 * Judges in Vermont I can think of off the top of my head who were not attorneys include Daniel Peaslee, Jacob Bayley, John Strong, Theophilus Harrington, Paul Brigham, Moses Robinson, John Shepardson, John Fassett Jr., Thomas Chandler Jr., John Throop, Paul Spooner, Increase Moseley, and Luke Knowlton. I'm sure there are others. I hope this helps. Billmckern (talk) 20:49, 22 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the additional details. Really? You know these Vermont judges that well? And yes, the background you've provided does help. What you indicated also fits with the fact that Duer's first experience on the bench was filling in for the presiding judge.
 * Duer's father was an attorney so he may have received tutoring from him, but there's no source indicating he was ever admitted to the bar or practiced - the business of making money being his sole concern. I was also basing part of what I said on a founder I'm very familiar with, George Taylor. Taylor managed iron foundries, had no educational background per se and through his political connections acquired as an ironmaster, was appointed justice of the peace in two Pennsylvania counties.
 * Beyond all this, Duer comes off as the least admirable of all the founders not only for his role in the Panic of 1792 but for cashing in at every opportunity from the early 1770s through his demise. Allreet (talk) 21:32, 22 August 2022 (UTC)

Namespace changes to "(U.S. Founder)"
Hello,

Been following this thread for a bit. Any reason why we prefer the description "(U.S. Founder)" in the namespace?? I get that being on the Articles of Confederation means you are a "founding father", but I think "U.S. Founder" is a poor and obtrusive way to point this out. We don't say "George Washington (U.S. Founder)" or "Samuel Adams (U.S. Founder)" for their pages; I personally would prefer "William Duer (politician)" or, as was, "William Duer (Continential congressman)".

Some other page changes that happened this morning, include:
 * Andrew Adams (politician) -> Andrew Adams (U.S. Founder)
 * John Collins (Continental Congress) -> John Collins (U.S. Founding Father) -> John Collins (U.S. Founder)

It seems the user making these changes was just blocked for using multiple accounts. So, just trying to gain consensus on whether to revert or produce a standard (well, at least a standard for these 3). --Engineerchange (talk) 13:34, 23 August 2022 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Kane Cyberkommunist

Kane Cyberkommunist AKA Sean Paul Aiken, was born on July 17th, 1986 in the North-West city

Vancouver, Washington. Kane graduated from Skyview High School in the year of 2005 and then

after that he became a Sickey. A Sickey is someone who wants attention usually and is also

very mis-understood. The Sickey is an Anarcho-Socialist and like hard rock music. They

usually try to become different, or in their words "a freak" they wear different looking

clothes and other people tend to call them bum because they do not like to look good because

as Kane told it " Society molests people to much by advertising lies and saying that you will

not be eccepted in the statis quo if you don't wear their product, I think that is a bunch of

bull!"

Kane Cyberkommunist has since, been trying to be known for something and he has changed

some also because he has become lonely and suicidal, he threatend ahile back that he would

kill himself in 1 month but then again he could og been just trying to get attention also.

title: User talk:Kane Cyberkommunist


text:
Talk:Chae An

Adult film actress?
I'm concerned about the edits on 23:54, 11 Jun 2005 by 12.41.61.138. Several of them seemed to be vandalism and were removed, and I plan to check to see if this woman is really an adult film actress, etc. or whether the page should just be reverted. - GregoryWeir 20:09, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * No evidence of the sensationalist claims on the intarweb, no evidence that her site's pornographic. Reverted. - GregoryWeir 22:34, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Kevin Nash?
Can someone verify if she dated Kevin nash or not? This is the first I've heard of this. Thanks.MgHoneyBee 04:19, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chae An


text: User talk:65.95.181.247

title: User talk:65.95.181.247


text:
Talk:Richard F. Pettigrew

Blacklisted Links Found on the Main Page
Cyberbot II has detected that page contains external links that have either been globally or locally blacklisted. Links tend to be blacklisted because they have a history of being spammed, or are highly innappropriate for Wikipedia. This, however, doesn't necessarily mean it's spam, or not a good link. If the link is a good link, you may wish to request whitelisting by going to the request page for whitelisting. If you feel the link being caught by the blacklist is a false positive, or no longer needed on the blacklist, you may request the regex be removed or altered at the blacklist request page. If the link is blacklisted globally and you feel the above applies you may request to whitelist it using the before mentioned request page, or request it's removal, or alteration, at the request page on meta. When requesting whitelisting, be sure to supply the link to be whitelisted and wrap the link in nowiki tags. The whitelisting process can take its time so once a request has been filled out, you may set the invisible parameter on the tag to true. Please be aware that the bot will replace removed tags, and will remove misplaced tags regularly.

Below is a list of links that were found on the main page:

 * http://shmore.no-ip.org/tiki-download_file.php?fileId=1
 * Triggered by  on the global blacklist

If you would like me to provide more information on the talk page, contact User:Cyberpower678 and ask him to program me with more info.

From your friendly hard working bot.— cyberbot II NotifyOnline 15:48, 8 December 2013 (UTC)

important writings
perhaps this book: https://www.amazon.com/Course-Empire-Official-Record/dp/1298709938/ref=sr_1_3?dchild=1&keywords=Richard+Franklin+Pettigrew&qid=1626800642&sr=8-3

should be included - George Seldes and other seem to consider it quite important.

title: Talk:Richard F. Pettigrew


text:
Richard Peters (Atlanta)

Richard Peters (November 10, 1810 – February 6, 1889) was an American railroad man and a founder of Atlanta, Georgia, in the 1840s.

Early life
Peters was born on November 10, 1810, near Philadelphia at Germantown, Pennsylvania. He was the son of Ralph Peters (1777–1842) and Catherine (Conyngham) Peters (1786–1839). His paternal grandfather was Judge Richard Peters Jr. (an associate of George Washington).

Career
The young Peters was educated in Philadelphia. He worked with the architect William Strickland and as a rodman (surveyor) with John Edgar Thomson for $1.50 a day. Thomson liked the 26-year-old's work and in late 1834 offered him a job as chief engineer for $1,000 a year to help with construction of the new Georgia Railroad.

Peters paid $100 for a rough paddlewheeler trip into camp near Charleston, South Carolina, in the brutally cold February 1835. He worked on the state railroad for the eight years it took to complete it from Augusta, to the new town of Marthasville, Georgia. During this period, he developed what became a lifelong friendship with Lemuel Grant; they both bought land in the new town.

When the railroad was completed, Peters was hired as superintendent. In that position he heard many complaints about the name Marthasville, which people thought took too long to write in log books, freight records, etc. He traded letters with Thomson on the subject and, when the latter suggested Atlanta, Peters began printing up thousands of circulars to distribute from Augusta to Tennessee advertising the new name. It was officially changed in December 1845.

Atlanta years
Peters founded the first Atlanta steam factory, a flour mill at the Georgia RR between Butler and Calhoun streets (the location of today's Sloppy Floyd office building). Lacking a water power source, the mill had to be powered by wood. Peters purchased 405 acre, the land lots 80 and 47, for $2,000 to serve as a lumber lot for pine wood. This area later developed as Midtown, between North Avenue and 8th Street. Later development of this land in the city proved to be the key to Peters' future wealth.

Always interested in transportation, Peters had operated a stage coach line between Atlanta and Montgomery, Alabama. After completion of the Atlanta & West Point Railroad, he moved the northern end to West Point, Georgia, and extended it to Montgomery.

Also an avid livestock breeder and horticulturist, in 1854 he established a nursery in Atlanta.

Civil War
In early 1861, he sold the steam engine from his mill for $12,000 to be used in the Confederate Powderworks at Augusta. He was the civilian transportation agent for all Atlanta railroads, which were critical to supplying the Confederacy. He contracted with the blockade running Crenshaw Company, supplying cotton by rail in exchange for foodstuffs. During the American Civil War, Peters remained in Atlanta until a few days before the invasion of Union General Sherman's army.

By the time of the Battle of Atlanta, he and his family had moved to Augusta, where they stayed until April 1865. After Sherman left Georgia in December 1864, Peters hired James R. Crew to repair the 24 mi of destroyed Atlanta and West Point Rail Road; Lemuel Grant worked to repair the nearly 100 mi of wrecked Georgia Railroad. By April, the war was over, and rail service was restored to Atlanta.

Postbellum years
In 1871 Peters built Atlanta's first street railway, Atlanta Street Railway Company, with the real estate developer George Adair.

After the Kimball House was destroyed by fire, Peters helped lead the efforts to have that center of Atlanta life rebuilt. He invited Hanniball Kimball back to town to help raise money.

Peters would do even more for Atlanta. His influence considerably cushioned the impact of Reconstruction in Atlanta. He planned and successfully maneuvered the transfer of the state capitol from Milledgeville to Atlanta after the war and donated the land on which the Georgia capitol building sits.

With new migrants flocking to the boomtown of Atlanta, Peters began to subdivide his north Atlanta land, first by laying out roads: north/south streets were named by trees (myrtle, juniper, apple, etc.) to match the naming of Peachtree Street. He threw in Penn to harken back to his Pennsylvania roots. The east/west streets were numbered, starting with 3rd Street (since North Avenue and Ponce de León were long-since named) and ending with the northernmost extent of his property, 8th Street.

He built his final home on the highest part of his land: the block bounded by Peachtree, 4th, Cypress and 5th streets. In 1884 Peters sold 180 acre surrounding West Peachtree to Kimball for $1,000 an acre to create Peters Park, a development that eventually failed for lack of sales. In 1887 he sold 5 acre of his remaining holdings to the state for $10,000 and donated another four acres to help found the Georgia School of Technology.

Personal life
In 1848, Peters built a home in Atlanta and was married to Mary Jane Thompson, the daughter of the early settler and doctor, Joseph Thompson, and his wife. Together, Richard and Mary Jane had several children together, including: Richard, Edward, Ralph, Nellie, who all became prominent.

Peters died on February 6, 1889, and was buried in Oakland Cemetery in Atlanta.

Legacy
He left a million-dollar estate. Of his two sons, Edward stayed on the estate and built Ivy Hall, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Ralph moved to New York, where he became president of the Long Island Rail Road.

title: Richard Peters (Atlanta)