text:
Léon Wurmser

Léon Wurmser (31 January 1931 – 15 February 2020) was a Swiss psychoanalyst, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at West Virginia University and a training and supervising analyst of the New York Freudian Society. He was formerly Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program at University of Maryland, Baltimore.

Career
Wurmser was born in Zürich. He was the author of more than 350 scientific papers, 15 books, and several book chapters and essays. His works deal with issues of masochism and depression, focusing on problems of shame, guilt, resentment, and the "archaic superego," both in the individual and in culture, religion, and history. Wurmser has written papers and one book on Judaism: The World of Ideas and Values of Judaism: A Psychoanalytic View (published in German). He also dealt with the understanding and treatment of drug addicts, drawing on his experience running drug rehabilitation programs for addicts. In recent years, he has published several papers and one book on jealousy and envy, in partnership with German psychoananalyst Dr. Heidrun Jarass.

His approach to psychoanalysis was Freudian. His major works, published in English and German, include The Mask Of Shame (ISBN 978-0801825279), published in 1981 and frequently reprinted; "The Hidden Dimension: Psychodynamics of Compulsive Drug Use " (1978, ISBN 978-0876683088) on the psychodynamics of drug addiction; The Power of the Inner Judge (2000, ISBN 978-0765701770); and Torment Me, But Don't Abandon Me: Psychoanalysis of the Severe Neuroses in a New Key  (2007, ISBN 978-0765704702).

In 2004, Wurmser was awarded the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association's Journal Prize for a paper titled Psychoanalytic Reflections on 9/11, Terrorism and Genocidal Prejudice: Roots and Sequels.

He resided in Towson, Maryland, where he maintained a private practice. He supervised colleagues in the United States and in Europe in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. He lectured in Europe and was an honorary member of a number of psychoanalytic societies in Germany and in Austria.

He died on 15 February 2020, at the age of 89.

Books
Wurmser, Leon, Jarass, Heidrun, ed., "Nothing Good is Allowed to Stand - An Integrative View of the Negative Therapeutic Reaction" - Routledge, 2013
 * Wurmser, L. "The Power of the Inner Judge: Psychodynamic Treatment of the Severe Neuroses" (New York, J. Aronson, 2000) 0765701774
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Das Rätsel des Masochismus" (Berlin: Springer, 1993) 3540637397
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Raubmörder and Räuber, Kriminalistik," 1959
 * Wurmser, Leon. "The Hidden Dimension" : Psychodynamics in Compulsive Drug Use" (New York : J. Aronson, 1978, republished 1995. (English and German eds. cited by 81 articles on Web of Science) 0876683081
 * Wurmser, Leon, co-editor with G. Balis et al. "Psychiatric Foundations of Medicine" Volumes I - VI. (Butterworth, 1978)
 * Wurmser, Leon. "The Mask of Shame" Johns Hopkins Press, 1981, republished 1994, Jason Aronson. 080182527X,
 * translated into German as "Die Maske der Scham" Berlin: Springer, 1990) (English and German eds. cited by 271 articles on Web of Science)
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Flucht vor dem Gewissen" –– Analyse von Über-Ich und Abwehr bei schweren Neurosen, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1987, 1993, V & R 2000
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Die zerbrochene Wirklichkeit –– Psychoanalyse als das Studium von Konflikt und Komplementarität" Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1989, 1993, V & R 2001/2002
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Die Maske der Scham" (translated, revised and enlarged version of Mask of Shame, 1981) Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, March, 1990, 1993, 1997
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Das Rätsel des Masochismus" 1993, Springer-Verlag Die verborgene Dimension: 1997 Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
 * Wurmser, Leon. "The Hidden Dimension"
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Magische Verwandlung und tragische Verwandlung. Die Behandlung der schweren Neurose." Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1999
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Die eigenen verborgensten Dunkelgänge." Mit Fr. H. Gidion. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1999
 * Wurmser, Leon. "The Power of the Inner Judge." Jason Aronson, 2000
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Flight from Conscience" (unpublished)
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Ideen- und Wertewelt des Judentums. Eine psychoanalytische Sicht." Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2001
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Torment me, but do not abandon me." 2007, Rowman & Littlefield
 * Wurmser, Leon and Heidrun Jarass: "Jealousy and Envy –– New Views about Two Powerful Feelings." Monograph, Psychoanalytic Inquiry, Francis & Taylor;  2007
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Scham und der böse Blick", Kohlhammer Verlag, 2011.
 * Wurmser, Leon, ed. "Psychoanalytic Inquiry": "Superego Revisited –– Relevant or Irrelevant", 2004

Selected journal articles

 * Wurmser, L. "A defense of the use of metaphor in analytic theory formation" Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 46:466-498.	(1977)
 * Wurmser, L. Psychoanalytic Considerations of the Etiology of Compulsive Drug... J. Amer. Psychoanal. Association, 22:820-843. (1974) (cited by 125 articles on Web of Science)
 * Wurmser, Leon "Abyss Calls Out to Abyss": Oedipal Shame, Invisibility, and Broken Identity" The American Journal of Psychoanalysis  63:4    (Dec. 2003.)
 * Wurmser, Leon. "Flight from conscience: experiences with the psychoanalytic treatment of compulsive drug users." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 4:157-168. (2001)

title: Léon Wurmser


text:
Littlewood–Offord problem

In mathematical field of combinatorial geometry, the Littlewood–Offord problem is the problem of determining the number of subsums of a set of vectors that fall in a given convex set. More formally, if V is a vector space of dimension d, the problem is to determine, given a finite subset of vectors S and a convex subset A, the number of subsets of S whose summation is in A.

The first upper bound for this problem was proven (for d = 1 and d = 2) in 1938 by John Edensor Littlewood and A. Cyril Offord. This Littlewood–Offord lemma states that if S is a set of n real or complex numbers of absolute value at least one and A is any disc of radius one, then not more than $$ \Big( c \, \log n / \sqrt{n} \Big) \, 2^n $$ of the 2n possible subsums of S fall into the disc.

In 1945 Paul Erdős improved the upper bound for d = 1 to
 * $${n \choose \lfloor{n/2}\rfloor} \approx 2^n \, \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}$$

using Sperner's theorem. This bound is sharp; equality is attained when all vectors in S are equal. In 1966, Kleitman showed that the same bound held for complex numbers. In 1970, he extended this to the setting when V is a normed space.

Suppose S = {v1, …, vn}. By subtracting
 * $$\frac{1}{2} \sum_{i = 1}^n v_i$$

from each possible subsum (that is, by changing the origin and then scaling by a factor of 2), the Littlewood–Offord problem is equivalent to the problem of determining the number of sums of the form
 * $$\sum_{i = 1}^n \varepsilon_i v_i$$

that fall in the target set A, where $$\varepsilon_i$$ takes the value 1 or −1. This makes the problem into a probabilistic one, in which the question is of the distribution of these random vectors, and what can be said knowing nothing more about the vi.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Littlewood–Offord problem


text:
Talk:Léon Wurmser

Untitled
VFD candidate? →Iñgōlemo←  talk 07:34, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)

PROD removal
I've removed the proposed deletion tag on this article; a few months back, I did some cleanup and expansion on this after thinking myself that it might be proddable. It would appear from the Google Scholar results I linked to at the bottom of the page that the subject is, in fact, notable and should pass WP:PROF for his body of work and the awards received. Apologies if it reads like vanity; I'm certainly not the subject, I know that much - I stumbled over this article through the random article link and decided it needed fixing. Tony Fox (arf!) 20:31, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I dunno, he published some papers but doesn't seem to fir the WP:PROF that I can tell --AW 23:01, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I think my consideration is that his book "The Mask of Shame" is cited by quite a few other authors and has been reprinted numerous times over the years. Here's a Google Scholar link of the cites to that book. He's also got several other books that aren't quite as established, and is apparently still writing these days. I think that fits criteria 3 and 4. Tony Fox (arf!) 00:59, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I have added the count of papers from PubMed (a free database), and the citation counts for papers and books from  Web of Science, a more complete source than Google Scholar for anything pre-1998, if one has access. The number of books is more than sufficient for N, especially considering the number of citations. The number of papers is also more than enough even considered separately from the books. Unfortunately his career was before the era of google, but that does not make him less notable.  The translations prove international repute, the many eds. prove wide-spread use.   DGG 01:04, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

Just weighing in 15 months later. I read an article by Wurmser in a compendium of the Annals of the New York Academy of Science titled 'Opiates in Mental Illness,' published 1980. It piqueued my interest enough to look it up and I was pleased but surprised to find an article. I do admit it's a little too much like a resume, but such is the nature of an article on this subject just like a stub on a chemical is going to read like a chart. I'm glad it was kept and if I can find some relevant places to link to it, I will do so. However, someone like Wurmser I think is more likely that the article is searched for than stumbled upon through wikibrowsing, so its orphan status is not as important as the article itself. Mr0t1633 (talk) 19:48, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Léon Wurmser


text:
Otello (Rossini)

Otello is an opera in three acts by Gioachino Rossini to an Italian libretto by Francesco Berio di Salsa after William Shakespeare's play Othello, or The Moor of Venice; it was premiered in Naples, Teatro del Fondo, 4 December 1816.

The plot of the libretto differs greatly from Shakespeare's play in that it takes place wholly in Venice, not mainly on Cyprus, and the dramatic conflict develops in a different manner. The role of Iago is much less diabolical than Shakespeare's play or Verdi's 1887 opera Otello, which was also based on it. Shakespeare derived his play from the story Un Capitano Moro ("A Moorish Captain") by Cinthio, a disciple of Boccaccio, first published in 1565. In further contrast, the role of Roderigo, a sub-plot in Shakespeare and Verdi, is very prominent in Rossini's version—some of the most difficult and brilliant music being assigned to the character Rodrigo. The roles of Otello, Iago, and Rodrigo are all composed for the tenor voice.

Rossini's Otello is an important milestone in the development of opera as musical drama. It provided Verdi with a benchmark for his own adaptations of Shakespeare. A 1999 Opera Rara CD of the opera includes an alternative happy ending, a common practice with drama and opera at that period of the 19th century.

19th century
The first performance took place at the Teatro del Fondo in Naples on 4 December 1816. It was first performed in Paris on 5 June 1821 at the Théâtre Italien (with Manuel García as Otello and Giuditta Pasta as Desdemona), in London on 16 May 1822 at the King's Theatre, and in New York on 7 February 1826 at the Park Theatre.

The role of Iago is indicated in the early scores as that of a tenor and was taken up in the early years by tenors Ciccimarra, Luigi Campitelli and Domenico Reina. Yet curiously, only three years after the premiere, Rossini adapted the role for the baritone voice and it was frequently sung thereafter by baritones, including the most renowned bel canto-era "secondo basso cantante", transitional baritones, and practicing Verdian baritones of the 19th century. During this period, Iago was assigned to the Italian sometimes-second-tenor, sometimes-baritone Giovanola at the Théâtre Italien in Paris on 26 July 1823 with Giuditta Pasta as Desdemona. The Spanish baritone (later pedagogue) Manuel García, Jr. sang the role on his family's trip to New York in 1826. The Italian baritone Ferdinando Lauretti sang it at Verona in 1827 and a review of this performance was dispatched to London's The Harmonicon, which mentions his "character of Iago, a part for a bass which was greatly improved by Rossini, during his engagement at your Italian opera." Domenico Cosselli sang the role at Turin's Teatro d'Angennes in 1828, as did the Italian primo basso Federico Crespi (1833), Antonio Tamburini (from 1834), Luciano Fornasari (in 1844), Giovanni Belletti (in 1849), Joseph Tagliafico in 1850, Giorgio Ronconi (from 1851), Francesco Graziani (from 1869), and Antonio Cotogni (in 1869). French baritone Paul Barroilhet appeared in 1844 in Paris, where he interpolated the aria "" (transposed from C to B-flat) from Rossini's La donna del lago. His successor, Jean-Baptiste Faure, sang the role in 1871.

A French printed edition from 1823 shows Iago's part written in the bass clef.

20th century and beyond
After a long period of relative neglect, in the late 20th century the opera began once more to appear on the world's stages. A production by Pier Luigi Pizzi was given at the Rossini Opera Festival in Pesaro in 1988. The same production was performed at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in 2000 with Bruce Ford, Mariella Devia, Juan Diego Flórez and Kenneth Tarver in leading roles. The opera received its premiere recording in 1978, with a cast headed by José Carreras and Frederica von Stade under the direction of Jesús López Cobos for Philips Records. Despite the relatively small discography of the opera in its entirety, the overture has been recorded multiple times, by artists including Sir Neville Marriner, Riccardo Chailly, Christian Benda and Donato Renzetti. The French conductor Antonio de Almeida also recorded ballet music from the opera in 1976 for Philips Records.

In October 2012, Opera Southwest in Albuquerque, New Mexico, presented three performances of the opera. The first gave both the original and the alternative "happy" ending. Prior to the second performances, the audience voted for the ending they preferred, and the chosen version was then performed. Also in 2012, the opera was staged in Zürich by the Vlaamse Opera. The same production was given in Ghent and Antwerp in February and March 2014. Buxton Festival presented the opera in concert form in July 2014.

Otello was performed in a production at the Theater an der Wien and the Oper Frankfurt in 2019, with Enea Scala in the title role, cast by Damiano Michieletto as a successful Muslim Arab in today's Venetian business world, with Karolina Makuła and Nino Machaidze as Desdemona.

Synopsis

 * Place: Venice
 * Time: End of the 15th Century

According to the booklet of the performances of 1818 in Milan:

"Otello, an African in the service of Adria (Venice), returns victorious from a battle against the Turks. He secretly weds Desdemona, daughter of his enemy Elmiro Patrizio Veneto, already promised to Rodrigo, son of the Doge. Jago, another lover rejected by Desdemona and secret enemy of Otello, in order to be revenged for wrongs done to him, pretends to favor the love-suit of Rodrigo. He intercepts a letter by the latter, with which he leads Otello to believe his wife unfaithful, which is the basis for the action, which ends with Otello stabbing Desdemona to death, and the death of Otello himself, after discovering the deceit of Jago and the innocence of his wife."

As in Verdi's Otello, Desdemona's aria "Salce" ("Willow Song") is a pivotal moment in the final act.

Related works
Franz Liszt based the Canzone from the Années de pèlerinage, supplement Venezia e Napoli, on the offstage gondolier's song "Nessun maggior dolore" from this opera.

title: Otello (Rossini)


text:
Assad Kotaite

Assad Kotaite (أسعد قطيط) (November 6, 1924 - February 27, 2014), was a Lebanese politician who served as Secretary-General and Council President of the International Civil Aviation Organization from 1976 to 2006.

Early life
Kotaite was born in Hasbaya, Lebanon. In 1948, he graduated from Saint Joseph University (Université Saint-Joseph) in Beirut, Lebanon. In 1952, he earned a doctorate in law from the University of Paris, and continued his education at the university's Institute of Higher International Studies. Furthermore, he graduated from The Hague Academy of International Law, and was elected as President of the Association of Attendees and Alumni of the Hague Academy of International Law in 1952.

Career
Returning to Lebanon in 1953, Kotaite accepted the post of Chief of Legal Services for International Agreements and External Relations at the Lebanese Directorate of Civil Aviation. In 1956, he became Lebanese Representative to the ICAO Council, serving until 1962. From 1963 to 1964, he served as Chief of Administrative Services for the Lebanese Directorate-General of Transport. In 1965, he was reappointed as Lebanese Representative to the ICAO Council serving until his appointment as the fifth Secretary-General of the ICAO in 1970 and served in that post until his appointment as ICAO Council President. From 1976 to 2006, he served as President of the ICAO Council. He was succeeded as Council President by Roberto Kobeh González.

After retiring from active service with the ICAO, Kotaite established the Assad Kotaite Graduate and Postdoctoral Fellowship Fund. This scholarship programme acknowledges the importance of assistance and cooperation in the field of specialized aviation training, with the objective of advancing the safety and development of civil aviation by strengthening the capabilities of national civil aviation personnel.

Awards and honors

 * After retirement, Kotaite was named President Emeritus of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
 * Recipient of the 2005 Philip J. Klass Award for Lifetime Achievement from Aviation Week & Space Technology.
 * In September 2013, he received the highest honour in the world of civil aviation, the Edward Warner Award

Death
Kotaite died on 27 February 2014 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada at the age of 89. He had lived in Montreal, where the ICAO headquarters are located since beginning his service with the organization,

title: Assad Kotaite


text:
Foetidia

Foetidia is a genus of flowering plants first described as a genus in 1788.

Most authors place the genus in the family Lecythidaceae, the sole genus in the subfamily Foetidioideae, but some prefer to treat it as a distinct family, the Foetidiaceae. It is native to eastern Africa and to various islands in the Indian Ocean.

Species
Source:

• # Foetidia africana - Uzaramo District in Tanzania

• # Foetidia asymetrica - Madagascar

• # Foetidia capuronii - Madagascar

• # Foetidia clusioides - Madagascar

• # Foetidia comorensis - Mayotte

• # Foetidia cuneata - Madagascar

• # Foetidia delphinensis - Madagascar

• # Foetidia dracaenoides - Madagascar

• # Foetidia macrocarpa - Madagascar

• # Foetidia mauritiana - Mauritius, Réunion

• # Foetidia obliqua - Pemba I, Madagascar

• # Foetidia parviflora - Madagascar

• # Foetidia pterocarpa - Madagascar

• # Foetidia retusa - Madagascar

• # Foetidia rodriguesiana - Rodrigues

• # Foetidia rubescens - Madagascar

• # Foetidia sambiranensis - Madagascar

• # Foetidia vohemarensis - Madagascar

The wood of Foetidia mauritiana is one of several woods known as stinkwood because of its unpleasant smell.

title: Foetidia


text:
José Uribe

José Altagracia González Uribe (January 21, 1959 – December 8, 2006) was a Dominican Major League Baseball shortstop from 1984 until 1993. Most of his ten-year career was spent with the San Francisco Giants. He played for the Giants in the 1989 World Series against the Oakland Athletics.

Minor leagues
Born in San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic, Uribe was signed by the New York Yankees in 1977, but was released shortly afterwards without even having played a minor league game with the club. He eventually signed with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1980, and after four seasons in their farm system, received a September call-up in 1984. In eight games with the Cards, Uribe batted .211 with three runs batted in and four runs scored.

"The ultimate player to be named later"
In February 1985, Uribe, David Green, Dave LaPoint and Gary Rajsich were dealt to the San Francisco Giants for Jack Clark. Between the time of the initial trade and his delivery, he changed his name from José González Uribe (Uribe is his mother's maiden name; González is his father's name. (See Spanish naming customs) to just José Uribe because, as he put it, "There are too many Gonzálezes in baseball!" Thus, he was humorously referred to as "the player to be named later" and sometimes "the ultimate player to be named later", a quote attributed to coach Rocky Bridges.

San Francisco Giants
Uribe was the Giants' principal shortstop for eight seasons, including their 1987 National League Western Division championship and 1989 National League pennant, leading the league with 85 double plays in the latter season. In the 1987 National League Championship Series he had a two-run single with the bases loaded in the second inning of Game 5, giving the Giants a 4–3 lead. He then stole third base and scored as the Giants won 6–3 for a 3–2 series lead, though San Francisco went on to lose the final two games. He won the 1988 Willie Mac Award honoring his spirit and leadership.

Uribe was also a fan favorite at Candlestick Park, where the home crowd had a unique chant for the relatively light-hitting infielder. When he would come to bat, fans on one side of the stadium would shout "OOH!" after which fans on the other side would respond with "REE-bay!". Giants fans would later use the same chant for Juan Uribe, José's second cousin. He also received the uncommon nickname José "Game Winning" Uribe from ESPN announcer Chris Berman when the stat known as the "Game Winning RBI" was an official statistic.

After an injury-plagued 1991 season, Uribe lost his starting job to Royce Clayton in 1992. He signed with the Houston Astros as a free agent for 1993, but only appeared in 45 games that season.

1990 Fleer baseball card
For several years, Jose Uribe's 1990 Fleer baseball card was considered a "common" in a dramatically over-produced baseball set. However, in 2018, several of these cards began selling on eBay for hundreds of thousands of dollars with claims that they are rare.

According to eBay sold listings data, some copies of this card have sold for enormous amounts, though according to Beckett Media, those sales are dubious at best. Beckett has stated that there is nothing rare or uncommon about the card, and its exorbitant asking price in some auctions has no definable merit.

Personal life
His first wife, Sarah, died at the age of 27 of a heart attack, two days after giving birth to their third child.

Uribe was killed, at age 47, December 8, 2006, in a car crash at about 3:00 a.m. near his hometown of Juan Baron, Palenque, Dominican Republic. He is survived by his second wife, Wendy Guerrero, with whom he had four children. He was a second cousin of former major league infielder Juan Uribe.

title: José Uribe


text:
Alice Henry

Alice Henry (21 March 1857 – 14 February 1943) was an Australian suffragist, journalist and trade unionist who also became prominent in the American trade union movement as a member of the Women's Trade Union League.

Henry Street in the Canberra suburb of Cook is named in her honour.

Early life
Henry was born on 21 March 1857 in Richmond, Melbourne. She was the daughter of Charles Ferguson Henry, an accountant and his wife Margaret (née Walker), a garment worker. She had one brother, Alfred, who was born in 1859. Both of her parents were Scottish and moved to Australia in 1853. She attended several schools in Melbourne, eventually matriculating with credit from Richard Hale Budd's Educational Institute for Ladies in 1874.

Career
After completing high school, Henry taught briefly and eventually became a featured reporter for The Melbourne Argus and the Australian. Her journalism mainly focused on progressive causes such as labour reform, disabled children and proportional representation. She also became involved with Australian politics in the 1890s, and began to lecture on topics such as women's rights, suffrage and labour. She became closely associated with the progressive movement in Melbourne. Henry moved to the United States from Australia in 1906 and became office secretary of the Women's Trade Union League in Chicago. While working for the Women's Trade Union League she became prominent in the fight for women's suffrage, union organisation and labour rights. She served a variety of jobs within the union including field organiser and director of the education department.

Henry remained involved in writing during her time in America. She edited the women's section of the Chicago Union Labor Advocate and was the founding editor of the Women's Trade Union League's Life and Labor periodical until 1915. Henry also wrote two books, The Trade Union Woman (1915) and Women and the Labor Movement (1923). Both of these books focus on the particular struggles and inequalities working-class women faced during this time period.

Suffrage and the Women's Trade Union League
The Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) was established in 1903 and consisted of reformers seeking to combine trade unionism and feminism to create a new force towards the obstacles women faced when organising women into unions. In Henry's 1915 essay "A Separate Piece" published in The Trade Union Woman she discussed some of the problems associated with organising. One of the issues she addressed was the tension between middle-class reformers of the WTUL and the working-class women. A possible solution that she advocated was the establishment of separate women's locals.

Henry's background with Fabian socialism, as well as her knowledge of Australian labour legislation and woman suffrage attracted the attention of Margaret Dreier Robins, a prominent reformer of the time. Henry was invited by Robins to work for the National Women's Trade Union League of America in Chicago as a lecturer and field-worker. As a field worker Henry organised new branches, and as a journalist she became a key figure and voice in the campaign for 'woman suffrage, union organisation, vocational education, and labour legislation.'

Between 1907 and 1925 Henry served as an editor, publicist and lecturer for the WTUL. Henry played an active role in mobilising both the middle class as well as trade union support for the League's legislative, educational and organizational goals. As an activist she participated in many clubs such as the Melbourne Shakespeare Society, was secretary of the Women Writer's Club, lectured and frequently at women's organisations (like the Prahran and Kew Progressive League). Alice also served as an advisory member on committees set up by the National Council of Women and the Victorian Women's Federation. It is important to note that she was not a leader or organiser of the women's movement rather she worked as a prominent publicist within it. Life and Labor was the journal of the National Women Trade Union League. It was published in Chicago and effectively promoted women's suffrage.

On 19 May 1911 a suffrage meeting was held at The Pfister Hotel club room, there Henry urged that the best ways to obtain result was to carry out a campaign along intensive lines. There she advocated for street meetings to create interest in the suffrage cause. Henry said,

"Many persons will stop to listen at a street meeting who would not come to a suffrage meeting...The talks should be short about five minutes for those who are attracted will only pause for a few moments and a long speech would be lost on them. Any ready speaker would do." Henry had the ability to captivate American audiences when she spoke due to her conviction and energy she exuded. Henry saw current legislation and policy as not helping. "I do not feel that the vote is any sort of advance for women. If you give suffrage to men and not women you are putting women on a relatively lower plane. Society will go backward if women don't get to vote."

Through her own personal experience in Australia she said that women's suffrage there had resulted in a more positive shift in attitudes toward women in the industry. She cited that wages and factory conditions have improved and that in general industries had become more humanised. Henry did admit that the women had not been the only factor in these changes but that the increased power in women had a materially role in aiding these changes.

Later life and legacy
Henry retired to Santa Barbara, California in 1928 after completing a lecture and investigation tour in Britain. After suffering financially during the Great Depression, Henry returned to Australia in 1933. She continued her work later in life, and compiled a bibliography of Australian woman writers in 1937. Henry died on 14 February 1943 in a hospital in Melbourne.

Throughout her life Henry was passionate about feminism and the equal rights of women. Her passion for the emancipation and equality of women is her main legacy, as she devoted much of her life and writing towards that cause. Her two books The Trade Union Woman and Women and the Labor Movement offer insight into the lives of working-class women involved in progressive movements in the early twentieth century.

title: Alice Henry


text:
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 * Mu: List of people Mu Links

N - Q

 * N: List of people N Links
 * O: List of people O Links
 * P: List of people P Links
 * Pa: List of people Pa Links
 * Pe: List of people Pe Links
 * Q: Q

R

 * R: List of people R Links
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 * Ro: List of people Ro Links

S

 * S: List of people S Links
 * Sa: List of people Sa Links
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T - U

 * T: List of people T Links
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X - Z

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title: User:Jerzy/Links to all LoPbN Pages


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Funeral Age

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 00:22, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

Funeral Age
Bandcruft with 597 google hits. →Iñgōlemo←  talk  07:42, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * So if a band can be found on Google then it isn't worth inclusion in Wikipedia? Do they have to pass some sort of test of cultural relevance or something?  I just wrote the article and I'm confused as to why it's suddenly up for deletion. --JWhiton
 * See the guidelines at WP:MUSIC. The band in question doesn't appear to meet them. --Carnildo 22:15, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete nn band vanity. --Etacar11 00:17, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity and promotion of non-notable group. Does not meet any of the guidelines at WP:MUSIC Tobycat 04:34, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User:JRBliss

My name is Jonathan. I am a classics major at University of California, Santa Cruz. I like questionable music.

title: User:JRBliss


text:
Placido Falconio

Placido Falconio, also called Falconi in some sources, was an Italian composer of the 16th century. His birth and death dates are unknown; his first publication dates from 1575, his last from 1588.

In 1549, he entered a Benedictine monastery, and the title pages of his published works indicate that he was a monk in the abbey of Monte Cassino at the time of their printing. According to the dedication of Falconio's Psalmodia vespertina (Vespers psalms), the composer was part of a group or consortium that helped introduce Venetian music printing methods into his native Brescia.

Falconio's works are all of the sacred vocal category, and include introits, alleluias, magnificats, psalm settings, and works relating to the Passion. He seems to have taken pains in many cases to make his works readily performable even for less-trained forces in smaller parishes. This is illustrated in that, despite the prevailing atmosphere of polychoral works, or at least works for five or more voices, Falconio wrote often for but four voices, and even for three on one occasion, a Voces Christi. Contributing also to this accessibility is the simple, homophonic nature shared by many of his works, though of course such an idiom had begun to dominate in the post-Tridentine era of the 1570s and 80s. Perhaps more telling, then, of Falconio's practicality is that, when he did compose in a more contrapuntal fashion, in his collection Introitus et Alleluia per omnes festivitates totius anni, he included an explicit part for organ accompaniment in the publication. While Falconio almost surely did not invent the technique, and this work of 1575 is very probably pre-dated by the presence of other such organ parts in manuscript, it contains the first known published example of "basso seguente." This technique, in which a line for organ simply provides the lowest note being sounded in the vocal parts at any given time, is the precursor of the basso continuo (for further explanation of this, see Figured bass).

title: Placido Falconio


text: User talk:216.60.246.197

title: User talk:216.60.246.197


text:
Aethusa cynapium

Aethusa cynapium (fool's parsley, fool's cicely, or poison parsley) is an annual (rarely biennial) herb in the flowering plant family Apiaceae, native to Europe, western Asia, and northwest Africa. It is the only member of the genus Aethusa. It is related to hemlock and water-dropwort, and like them it is poisonous, though less so than hemlock. It has been introduced into many other parts of the world and is a common weed in cultivated ground.

Description
It has a fusiform root and a smooth hollow branched stem growing to about 80 cm high, with much divided (ternately pinnate) smooth leaves with an unpleasant smell, and small compound umbels of small irregular white flowers.

Toxicity
Poisoning from fool's parsley results in symptoms of heat in the mouth and throat and a post-mortem examination has shown redness of the lining membrane of the gullet and windpipe and slight congestion of the duodenum and stomach. Some toxins are destroyed by drying, and indeed, hay containing the plant is not poisonous.

title: Aethusa cynapium


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tox Uthat

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 00:22, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

Tox Uthat
STTNG is the second best TV series of all time, but we still don't need a summary of every technology mentioned only once in the series. →Iñgōlemo←  talk  07:47, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)

 * Delete, trekcruft. Memory Alpha exists for a reason. --bainer (talk) 08:28, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and redirect to Gambit (Star Trek), the only episode in which this artifact appears or is mentioned. This delete vote is from a devoted fan. Xoloz 10:33, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Device isn't even described, so no point in a merger. — RJH 16:09, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not because I don't think that this deserves mention in Wikipedia but because it is not an article at all. "The Tox Uthat is a device exists in the Star Trek universe." I doesn't describe the device, its function or significance. This is not an article at all. --M412k 22:41, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Memory Alpha, nuff said. And it's actually Captain's Holiday that features this device. ;) --Etacar11 00:20, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:V100

Untitled
Anyone thought about doing a Page for the V100 phone? Was my first mobile phone, oh the memories! So impractical but it was pretty...

title: Talk:V100


text:
User talk:Jamesmage

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

That's the welcome message I got, anyway. I think they have a welcome commitee that doles them out, but since you're looking for help, and I'm here, I copied over my welcome message.

If you want to edit the DC Focus page, have a look at How to edit a page for the process. A couple of other good pages to have a look at are the Fiction page and maybe Impact (comics) to give you a comparison of another DC Comics imprint page. Anyway, any questions just ask on my talk page, and I'll reply on yours. Steve block 07:48, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jamesmage


text:
Talk:Environmental ethics

Untitled
This article is extremely biased. I edited the questions to make them less loaded ("Should we continue to propagate when the Earth is over it's capacity?" and the like). Tempete821 (talk) 08:32, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

Anyone think that the opening paragraph is too long and off the point? Maybe the list of examples of ethical decisions should be elsewhere along with the reference to the opinions of Alan Marshall.
 * Muxxa 07:50, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

A strict Darwinian survival of the fittest worldview is deterministic. Success is by definition survival and proliferation and continued consumption. Extinction is the rightful fate of the weak and unfit, whether that extinction be the rainforest at the hands of humanity or humanity as a result of over consumption. An environmental ethic must grapple with this stark reality. An anthropocentric humanism seems the only way out. Humanity must be felt to have the capability to overcome biology or action in the environmental realm is impossible. We must be seen as the species with the adaptive capability to resist our nature, which is of course efficient consumption. If not, the “environmentalist” would be forced to argue that our best course is to accelerate fossil fuel consumption, rainforest destruction, etc in order to bring about scarcity which is the only pressure that will produce the adaptation we supposedly want. One must argue that humanity has a privileged status. Axiomatically, we must have the potential to act; which means to resist our fundamental biological imperatives. In other word, we must view humanity as super-natural. Doesn't this have to be addressed as a starting point of an environmental ethic.

jim field

 * If I may comment on this argument, I do not think that this is the starting point of environmental ethics. I think that there is importance in determining what precisely are our fundamental biological imperatives.  In this argument it states that We must be seen as the species with the adaptive capability to resist our nature, which is of course efficient consumption, I find this problematic for several reasons, first is the collective nature with which it addresses unequal effects on nature, humanity is a collective of all individuals and their adaptivity is collective, not dependent on the actions of individuals or cultural groups, for example, the Iroquois Confederacy and the passenger pigeon coexisted, however, it was Euroamericans who engaged in its extermination.  This leads to the second difficulty which is what is adaptive, efficiency is too general a term, I believe, to adequately describe successful evolutionary strategies.L Hamm 02:31, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

L Hamm, I appreciate your response and would appreciate your further input in that my ideas here are in a state of development and self-critic.

I mean consumption here in the sense that a lion consumes, as she is a predator. A lion is successful in the Darwinian sense if she reproduces. More particularly she in successful if she reproduces at rates greater than her competitors. Her reproduction is fundamentally dependant on her capability as a predator. This is evident in the numerous adaptations that she possesses that function to make her a capable predator (speed, strength of jaw, claws, etc). These adaptations exist of course only because they serve her selective advantage. Therefore, her selective advantage is her capability to predate.

Lions have restricted resources in that they are carnivores. A grizzly bear has the ability to sustain itself with both animal and plant resources. This is one of her selective advantages.

The human species is an omnivore, which is one of her advantages. Her abilities go far beyond this of course. Humanity has displayed many and varied behaviors that have served to support her proliferation. Here is where I introduce the term consumption as opposed to one form of consumption, namely predation. The utilization of clothing and the construction of shelter for example clearly represent selective advantage that the human species has used to succeed. The construction of shelter results in the utilization of recourses (e.g. trees). This is only indirectly related to the acquisition of food. And yet it clearly supports that project and is therefore an element of humanity’s selective advantage. Consumption therefore refers to the sum of the activities of a species as it utilizes the recourses of the environment available to it.

Bears consume salmon, berries and perhaps a small amount of land resource for dens, etc. This is a bear’s biologic imperative in that this is what bears do and it is what “survival of the fittest” has given them. Perusing this behavior defines a bear as a bear. It is of course absurd to argue that a bear should not eat salmon for whatever reason one might purpose. It is a bear’s biologic imperative to consume salmon to the degree that supports its success.

Humanity has displayed the ability to inhabit many (perhaps all) environments of the ecosphere. One can certainly pick out individual characteristics that have given humanity particular advantage. Obvious examples are upright posture or the prehensile thumb. But in a broad sense, or to use your word a collective sense, it is humanity's ability to adapt to the various available environments of the ecosphere that has lead to her collective success. And what does humanity do in those environments? She produces, she proliferates, and she consumes. This is what I mean when I say that humanity’s efficient consumption is the capability that has been selected for by the ecosystem itself. And it is this advantage that is responsible for humanity’s fantastic success. It is what we are as a species and therefore it is our biologic imperative.

I do not use the term success in an ethical or a moral sense. Here it is use in a Darwinian sense. We are, for better or worse, the most successful species the ecosystem has produced. We are a natural product of that ecosystem. We play by the rules of that ecosystem and we have succeeded by those rules. And we may proceed to self destruction by those rules as well.

This is the challenge in formulating an environmental ethic.

An environmental ethic is a statement of principals, of axiomatic assumptions that form the foundation of the environmental project. An environmental ethic does not state our hopes. It’s not enough to want a model of sustainability to succeed over a model of efficient consumption. We need to propose some way in which that might actually happen. Its not enough to want the "Iroquois" to have succeeded over the "euro Americans". As it happened, it didn’t turn out that way. Its not enough to idealize a pastoral harmony between spiritually attuned humans and nature. Particularly when human biological behavior has been so consistent over the past 100,000 years and Nature herself has rewarded us with ever increase in numbers.

In order to move from growth to sustainability, would we not have to behave in a way so fundamentally different from our nature that it would be “unnatural”? Our behavior throughout the history of our species is at least habit and I have termed it “biologic imperative”. Can we stop? What gives us the faith that we have the capability to stop? Do we not have to propose a capability beyond our nature (i.e. supernatural)? From an environmental stand point, what is success? Clearly it is not the same as Darwinian “success”. Don’t we have to stop succeeding in a Darwinian sense in order to succeed in an environmental sense? But isn’t Darwin describing how the world actually is?

Sorry for the diatribe but I find these ideas hard to get past. I’m looking for a vigorous critic.

Jim Field

 * Jim, I appreciate your framing your ideas here, I have several questions. There are certain elements of your surmise of which I am skeptical.  For example:  "A lion is successful in the Darwinian sense if she reproduces.  More particularly she is successful if she reproduces at rates greater than her competitors. Her reproduction is fundamentally dependant on her capability as a predator.  This is evident in the numerous adaptations that she possesses that function to make her a capable predator (speed, strength of jaw, claws, etc)."  This is certainly an attractive argument, the features of a species are produced by natural selection and are therefore necessary and important for present Darwinian success.  But this would ignore the phylogeny of the species, and its sociobiology.  A lion that claims and holds all the game for itself from all comers will be ousted from the pride.  Cooperative sociobiology (or behavioral ecology as it has come to be termed) shapes interspecies and intraspecies interactions.

These social systems, like morphological adaptations, exist within a community of populations, prey, predator and otherwise, any adaptation if it is not quickly countered (ironically) can lead the death of the predators population, as it kills off far more prey than can be replenished. The 'bottom line' in natural selection is affected by history of the creature, the reproductive time, the community in which it exists, etc. Maximum efficiency in reproduction does not necessarily make an evolutionarily stable strategy - but could easily lead to population collapse within the lifetime of a parent.

You wrote: "But in a broad sense, or to use your word a collective sense, it is humanity's ability to adapt to the various available environments of the ecosphere that has lead to her collective success. And what does humanity do in those environments?  She produces, she proliferates, and she consumes. This is what I mean when I say that humanity’s efficient consumption is the capability that has been selected for by the ecosystem itself.  And it is this advantage that is responsible for humanity’s fantastic success. It is what we are as a species and therefore it is our biologic imperative."

I find that speaking of what 'humanity do[es]' is often a distraction - environmental ethics, I believe, should be concerned with all the myriad ways that work, rather than identifying the our own failings. People speak of 'we' and 'humanity' the same way, however, we are not humanity, or decisions are not the decisions of humanity, and it is hubris to say so.

It seems that you are positing that in order to reduce our impact to a sustainable level we (meaning all human beings) must learn to control their biologic imperative? Is that so?

Thank you. L Hamm 20:39, 10 October 2005 (UTC)==Environmental philosophy== "Environmental philosophy" redirects to this article, which starts out suggesting that environmental philosophy and environmental ethics are the same thing. However, the second full paragraph of the article contradicts that: "Environmental ethics is properly but a sub-section of environmental philosophy, which includes..." I agree that environmental ethics are a sub-set of environmentally-related philosophy, so I'd like to take out the "or environmental philosophy" clause in the lead sentence, but I don't know what we should do about the redirect. Schi 16:57, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I've just come across the same issue with the article. You could have turned the environmental philosophy redirect into a stub article, or put it up in Articles for Deletion (WP:AfD). It's a shame no one has fixed this sooner. —Pengo 22:24, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

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WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 03:58, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Applied Theology addition
I plan to add to the applied theology section because it seems a bit sparse. I plan on including a synthesis of the paradigm shift of theology in environmentalism. Please take a look at my talk/sandbox page. You will find a research log, annotated bibliography of my sources as well as a few drafts of the additions I plan to make. Any comments or critiques would be greatly appreciated. — Preceding unsigned comment added by A ceja1994 (talk • contribs) 17:50, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

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I don't that this article is "extremely" biased; although, it certainly encapsulates the perspectives of others, making it seem biased. What other philosophers and thinkers do you think could contribute to the notion of environmental ethics and the way in which we understand the human-earth relationship? Mstanley294 (talk) 01:40, 20 January 2018 (UTC)

Environmental ethics
How does environmental ethics knowledge help a disaster manager,like me,to make decisions before and after any hazard Ego Dollar (talk) 15:02, 31 January 2018 (UTC)

Climate Change Ethics
Hello! I plan to add a section on Climate Change Ethics because there is hardly anything on climate change at all in the article currently and with climate change being a globally-important environmental issue with immense ethical implications I think that there is much to say on the topic.

Also, I think that the definition of environmental ethics in the lead section is a bit too specific. I think that environmental ethics started off with only being concerned with arguments for protecting nature but now has broadened to include other environmental issues (climate change, conservation, air and water pollution, mining, etc.). This specificity is part of the reason why the article's scope is so limited. Juliacat728 (talk) 14:06, 27 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Environmental ethics


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kimberly L. Browne

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 00:23, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

Kimberly L. Browne
Complete fiction. See also Votes for deletion/Mawbea, North Sodor for more of the same. Postdlf 07:53, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fiction. -- RHaworth 07:58, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * Delete, fiction. --bainer (talk) 08:33, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Timewasting hoax AlexTiefling 08:54, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Fiction, and biased.
 * How is this article biased? I'm not even going to entertain the notion that it is fiction, as I votated for M. Browne.

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:Raymond Ranjeva

Categorized
I put this person in Category:International Court of Justice judges, but I'm not sure if he's technically a judge. Kappa 07:53, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The President and Vice President of the ICJ are considered Judges of the Court. - --TommyBoy 16:54, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Raymond Ranjeva


text:
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

IEEE Transactions on Information Theory is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IEEE Information Theory Society. It covers information theory and the mathematics of communications. It was established in 1953 as IRE Transactions on Information Theory. The editor-in-chief is Muriel Médard (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). As of 2007, the journal allows the posting of preprints on arXiv.

According to Jack van Lint, it is the leading research journal in the whole field of coding theory. A 2006 study using the PageRank network analysis algorithm found that, among hundreds of computer science-related journals, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory had the highest ranking and was thus deemed the most prestigious. ACM Computing Surveys, with the highest impact factor, was deemed the most popular.

title: IEEE Transactions on Information Theory


text:
Bluebarn Theatre

The Bluebarn Theatre, located at 1106 S. 10th Street in Omaha, Nebraska, United States, is a nationally recognized theater.

Begun in 1989, the theater was founded by a group of 1988 graduates from the theater program at Purchase College: Kevin Lawler, Hughston Walkinshaw, Nils Haaland and Mary Theresa Green.

The theater was started at the invitation of the Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts, with whom the theater initially shared a space. In 2015 the theatre built its own 96-seat theatre with an indoor/outdoor performance space.

The Bluebarn produces the works of contemporary American playwrights as well as original works. Omaha-born filmmaker Alexander Payne, who has been a longtime supporter of the theater, volunteered to be interviewed on the stage in 2002 for a fundraising event for the Bluebarn by Hughston Walkinshaw and current Artistic Director Susan Clement-Toberer.

title: Bluebarn Theatre


title: File:Nemesis1.jpg


text:
Architecture of Portland, Oregon

Portland architecture includes a number of notable buildings, a wide range of styles, and a few notable pioneering architects.

The scale of many projects is relatively small, as a result of the relatively small size of downtown-Portland blocks (200 feet by 200 feet) and strict height restrictions enacted to protect views of nearby Mount Hood from Portland's West Hills. Although these restrictions limit project size, they contribute to Portland's reputation for thoughtful urban planning and livability.

Many older buildings have been preserved and re-used, including many glazed terra-cotta buildings.

Portland is a leader in sustainable architecture and is known for its focus on urban planning. As of 2009, Portland has the second highest number of LEED-accredited "green" buildings of any city in the U.S., second only to Chicago.

Architects
Well-known architect Pietro Belluschi began his career in Portland with the prolific firm of A.E. Doyle, leaving his imprint upon the city until the 1980s. Other notable architects and firms who have worked in Portland are Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM), Michael Graves, Cass Gilbert, Rapp and Rapp, Daniel Burnham & Co., Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF), Frank Lloyd Wright, Richard Neutra, Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Architects (ZGF) and Brad Cloepfil of Allied Works. Local architects that have had a large influence on Portland's architecture include Francis Marion Stokes and his father William R. Stokes (combined works include over 270 buildings from 1882 to the 1960s), the Victorian-era architect Warren H. Williams (architect of several surviving cast-iron buildings including the Blagen Block as well as the stick-gothic Old Church) and Whidden & Lewis (architects of Portland City Hall, the long demolished Portland Hotel, the Weinhard Brewery Complex, the Failing Office Building, several office buildings on SW 3rd Ave. and numerous residences).

Tallest buildings
The tallest high-rises and skyscrapers in Portland (as of April 2016) are:
 * 1) Wells Fargo Center (546 ft./166 m., completed 1972)
 * 2) U.S. Bancorp Tower (536 ft./163 m., completed 1983)
 * 3) KOIN Center (509 ft./155 m., completed 1984)
 * 4) Park Avenue West Tower (501 ft./153 m., completed 2016)
 * 5) PacWest Center (418 ft./127 m., completed 1984)
 * 6) Fox Tower (376 ft./113 m., completed 2000)
 * 7) Standard Insurance Center (367 ft./112 m., completed 1968)
 * 8) Cosmopolitan (338 ft./104 m., U/C, began construction July 2014)
 * 9) John Ross Tower (325 ft./99 m., completed 2007)
 * 10) The Ardea (325 ft./99 m., completed 2008)
 * 11) Mirabella Portland (325 ft./99 m., completed 2010)
 * 12) Congress Center (325 ft./98 m., completed 1980)
 * 13) Mark O. Hatfield United States Courthouse (318 ft/97 m., completed 1997)
 * 14) Moda Tower (formerly ODS Tower) (308 ft/94 m., completed 1999)
 * 15) The Meriwether, West Building (303 ft/92 m., completed 2006)
 * 16) Lloyd Center Tower (290 ft/88 m., completed 1981)
 * 17) 1000 Broadway (288 ft./88 m., completed 1991)

Other notable buildings
Other notable buildings in Portland include:

 * The Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, a restored historic theater (formerly The Paramount) and accompanying Heathman Hotel.
 * The Benson Hotel, an elegant, restored historic hotel.
 * Pietro Belluschi's Equitable Building was the first aluminum-clad building and the first to be completely sealed with an air-conditioned environment.
 * Lloyd Center mall, Oregon's largest mall, opened in the summer of 1960.
 * The Meier & Frank Building – Meier & Frank's full-block, glazed terra-cotta flagship department store.
 * The Moda Center, home of the Portland Trail Blazers.
 * The Oregon Convention Center's twin spires are a prominent feature on the eastside skyline.
 * The Pioneer Courthouse, the oldest federal building in the Pacific Northwest and the second-oldest west of the Mississippi River.
 * The Pittock Mansion is a popular tourist attraction.
 * The Portland Building, by Michael Graves, the major post-modern building constructed in the U.S.
 * The Seward Hotel, better known as the Governor Hotel (east wing), now part of the Sentinel Hotel.
 * Union Station, an active Florentine-style train station with a 150 ft. clock tower.
 * The United States National Bank Building, a large classical-style bank building built in 1917 that remains in near-original condition
 * One of the largest collections of cast iron architecture in the United States, primarily in Old Town. A classic example of such construction is the Grand Stable and Carriage Building, built by Oregon business pioneer Simeon Gannett Reed.

Bridges
Portland has many bridges:

Bridges on the Willamette River

 * St. Johns Bridge (1931; suspension)
 * Burlington Northern Railroad Bridge 5.1 (1908 swing span converted in 1989 to vertical-lift)
 * Fremont Bridge (1973; tied-arch)
 * Broadway Bridge (1913; bascule truss)
 * Steel Bridge (1912; steel through-truss, double-deck vertical lift)
 * Burnside Bridge (1926; bascule draw)
 * Morrison Bridge (1958; bascule draw)
 * Hawthorne Bridge (1910; through truss, vertical lift)
 * Marquam Bridge (1966; through truss)
 * Tilikum Crossing (2015; cable-stayed)
 * Ross Island Bridge (1926; cantilever truss)
 * Sellwood Bridge (2016; deck arch)

Bridges on the Columbia River

 * Glenn L. Jackson Memorial Bridge (1982; segregated concrete box girder)
 * Interstate Bridge (1917/1958; through truss, vertical lift)
 * Burlington Northern Railroad Bridge 9.6 (1908; with a 450-foot swing section)

Other bridges

 * Vista Bridge

title: Architecture of Portland, Oregon


text:
Adia Chan

Adia Chan (born 21 January 1971) is a Hong Kong actress, singer and model.

Life and career
Chan was born to Chinese Ethnic Indonesian parents. Chan's parents are Indonesian Chinese and her family moved to Hong Kong when she was three years old. She started show business in 1985 at the age of 14, winning a Sally Yeh impersonation contest hosted by TVB, within the show Enjoy Yourself Tonight (歡樂今宵). Thereafter she hosted many children's show and sang many children's songs which gained her much popularity within the younger generation. Chan stars in films as well as Hong Kong/Singaporean/mainland-Chinese television serials although she is most well known for many of her roles in the TVB series, especially Song Bird. She has also performed alongside Jacky Cheung in the musical Snow.Wolf.Lake, the Mandarin and Cantonese version.

In 1995, Chan changed her name from 陳松龄 to 陳松伶. The pronunciation was still the same – Ling – but a different character was used. The 'Ling' in her original name means "age" and the 'Ling' in her new name is part of a phrase that means "intelligent and witty". As her short hair grew longer, Chan went through yet another metamorphosis in 1999. She officially changed her English name from Nadia to Nnadia. The added "n" was a self reminder to "never give up." It also symbolized "new". In 2012, she again changed her English stage name to Adia, removing the 2 initial "n's". A reason for the change has not been given publicly.

Chan is now settled in Beijing after marriage to Chinese actor Zhang Duo.

Filmography

 * Porky's meatball 鬼馬校園 (1986)
 * The Last Conflict (1988)
 * Shanghai Heroic Story 英雄地之小刀會 (1992)
 * Banana Club 正牌香蕉俱樂部 (1996) (cameo)
 * Troublesome Night 6 陰陽路六之凶周刊 (1999) (cameo)
 * Troublesome Night 7 陰陽路七之撞到正 (2000)
 * Troublesome Night 8 陰陽路八之棺材仔 (2000)
 * The Enemy 敵對 (2001)
 * Life Is a Miracle 生命因愛動聽 (2001)
 * Return from the other World 賭神之神 (2002)
 * The Hidden Enforcers 殺手狂龍 (2002)
 * Money Suckers 一屋貪錢人 (2002)
 * Modern Cinderella 現代灰姑娘 (2002)
 * Dizzy Date 心跳 (2002)
 * Man in Blues 男人之苦 (2004) (cameo)

Television (official year | first air date)

 * Song Bird 天涯歌女 (1989|25 December 1989) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Beside the Seaside, Beside the Sea 月兒彎彎照九州 (1990|23 December 1991) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Be My Guest 我愛玫瑰園 (1991|2 April 1991) (Guest Stars) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Brother Cry for Me 忠奸老實人 (1991|27 May 1991) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * The Zu Mountain Saga 蜀山奇俠之仙侶奇緣 (1991|22 July 1991) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Mark of Triumph 92鍾無艷 (1992|9 March 1992) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * The Spirit of Love 精靈酒店 (1993|30 November 1993) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * The Fate of the Last Empire 清宮氣數錄 (1993|11 April 1994) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Knot to Treasure 婚姻物語 (1994|4 July 1994) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Instinct 笑看風雲 (1994|21 November 1994) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * The New Justice Pao 新包青天之劫聖旨 (1995|N/A) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * To Love with Love 水餃皇后 (1995|5 June 1995) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Cold Blood Warm Heart 天地男兒 (1996|5 February 1996) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Once Upon a Time in Shanghai 新上海灘 (1996|2 September 1996) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * The Zu Mountain Saga (1996) (Home TV, India)
 * A Place of One's Own 大澳的天空 (1997|9 February 1998) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Love in a Chaotic World 星星 月亮 太陽 (1998|N/A) (Mainland China)
 * Happy Ever After 金玉滿堂 (1999|15 March 1999) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Coup De Scorpion 天蠍行動 (1999|N/A) (MediaCorp, Singapore)
 * Legendary Four Aces 金裝四大才子 (2000|7 August 2000) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * In the Realm of Success 公私戀事多 (2001|17 September 2001) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Doomed to Oblivion 鄭板橋 (2001|N/A) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Life's Angels 生命天使 (2002|N/A)
 * You Are the One 1/2緣份 (2004|N/A) (MediaCorp, Singapore)
 * Strike at Heart 驚艷一槍 (2005|N/A) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Trimming Success 飛短留長父子兵 (2005|15 May 2006) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * Blood Isn't Cold 血未冷 (2007|September-2007) (Mainland China)
 * Relatives by Marriage 亲家 (2007|February-2008) (Mainland China)
 * Legend of Yujing 太安堂之玉井传奇 (2008|) (Mainland China)
 * Three Folk-Tales 京东三枝花 (2008|) (Mainland China, guest star)
 * Single Mother (2008|) (Mainland China)
 * ICAC Investigators 2011 (2011) (RTHK, Hong Kong)
 * The No No Girl 全職沒女 (2017|April) (TVB, Hong Kong)
 * The Ghetto-Fabulous Lady (2019)
 * Sisters Who Make Waves 乘风破浪的姐姐 (2020)

Discography

 * Porky's Meatballs 鬼馬校園 (Crown 1985)
 * Curfew 宵禁 (Crown 1987)
 * ''89 Chan Chung Ling 89陳松齡 (Crown 1989)
 * Songbird 天涯歌女 (Crown 1990)
 * 走路新郎哥 兒歌兒歌 (Crown 1990)
 * Beside the Seaside, Beside the Sea 月兒彎彎照九州 (Crown 1991)
 * Zu Mountain Saga II/Brother Cry for Me 仙侣奇緣 忠奸老實人 (Crown 1991)
 * Dream Comes True/Confused Love 夢境成真 迷惘的愛 (Crown 1992)
 * I Fell in Love with a Hero 我愛上了英雄 (Crown 1993)
 * What's Falling Is Not Rain 天邊洒的不是雨 (Crown 1994)
 * Remembrance 松松牽掛 (Crown 1994)
 * Love for a thousand years 愛到一千年 (CIE 1995)
 * Girl of My Age 同齡女子 (Rock 1998)
 * Love Is Not Simple 愛你不是渾閑事 (Rock 1999)
 * Chan Chung Ling's Greatest Hits 滾石香港黄金十年—陳松伶 (Rock 2003)
 * Restart 松新開始 (Universal 2004)

Musicals

 * Snow Wolf Lake 雪狼湖 (original Cantonese version 1997) – 寧靜雪
 * Snow Wolf Lake 雪狼湖 (Mandarin version 2005) – 寧玉鳳

Publications

 * (Charity Photo Album 慈善影集) Memoir in South Africa 非起點 (1999)
 * (Charity Photo Album 慈善影集) Memoir in New York 扭壹紐(2001)
 * Nnadia Magic Tips 松書01 – 松松姐姐美容魔法 (1 January 2004)
 * Interviews with 12 Fermale Celebrities 松書02 – 伶感十二 (1 August 2004)

Miscellaneous TV appearances

 * 刑警本色 (TV movie 1989, TVB)
 * Passion Among Us (TV movie 1994, TVB)
 * 謎情殺機 (TV movie 1994, TVB)
 * 西鐵情緣 (TV movie 1999, KCR)
 * Death Trap 咫尺疑魂 (TV movie 2000, TVB)
 * Coping With Work Stress 工作減壓有良方 (2001, Occupational Safety Council)
 * Jade Solid Gold (JSG) 勁歌金曲 (2002, TVB)
 * Women With Dreams 2006 女人多自在3之強人媽咪 (2006, RTHK)

title: Adia Chan


text:
Talk:Gabriele d'Annuncio

This "orphan" has now been merged with main article: Gabriele D'Annunzio

Text was:

Gabriele d'Annunzio (March 12, 1863 – March 1, 1938) was an Italian author and military hero.

He was born at Pescara (Abruzzi) in central Italy on the Adriatic coast. His father was a wealthy landowner and mayor of the town whose name was originally Francesco Rapagnetta. He legally added d'Annunzio to his name.

Gabriele studied at the Liceo Cicognini in Prato, which was considered one of the best in Italy.

He published his first poems in 1879 at the age of 16. He went to the University of Rome in 1881, contributing to various newspapers during his time as a student. In 1883, he married Maria Hardouin di Gallese, who was the daughter of a duke. They had three sons, but the marriage ended in 1891.

D'Annunzio published his first novel in 1889. In the 1890s, he moved to Naples, where his work was serialized in Il coriere de Napoli. He had a well publicized affair with actress Eleonora Duse.

In 1897, he was elected to parliament. However, he was forced to flee to France in 1910 because of his debts. There, he wrote a play called Le martyr de Saint Sébastien with music by Claude Debussy.

When World War I broke out, he returned to Italy and became a military leader. Mussolini was influenced by d'Annunzio, but he never held an important post in the fascist government. He spent his later years writing at his home on Lake Garda. In 1924, he was made Prince of Monte Nevoso.

He died of a stroke at his desk in 1938 and was buried with a state funeral.

title: Talk:Gabriele d'Annuncio


text: Category:990 deaths

title: Category:990 deaths


text:
The 8th Habit

 The 8th Habit: From Effectiveness to Greatness is a book written by Stephen R. Covey, published in 2004. It is the sequel to The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, first published in 1989. The book clarifies and reinforces Covey's earlier declaration that "interdependence is a higher value than independence." This book helps its readers increase the dependence of themselves and others.

8th habit

 * The eighth habit is Find your voice and inspire others to find theirs. Voice is Covey's code for "unique personal significance." Those who inspire others to find theirs are the leaders needed now and for the future, according to Covey.

The central idea of the book is the need for steady recovery and application of the whole person paradigm, which holds that persons have four bits of intelligence - physical, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual. Denial of any of them reduces individuals to things, inviting many problems. The Industrial Age is assumed to have been a period dependent on such denial. Covey believed the Information Age and a foreseen "Age of Wisdom" require "whole" people (in whole jobs).

The book is divided into two sections, with the first few chapters focusing on finding your voice, while the later chapters are about inspiring others to find their voice. Some versions of the book come with a DVD, although all the short films on this DVD can be viewed via Covey's website. Most of the chapters in the book include a section discussing one of the 'stories' from the DVD, which are intended to illustrate the theme of the chapter (for example the story of Helen Keller and another about the Berlin Wall).

The book talks of "5 Cancerous Behaviors" (page 135) that inhibit people's greatness:
 * Criticism
 * Complaining
 * Comparing
 * Competing
 * Contending

People can discover their voice because of the three gifts everyone is born with:

 * 1) The freedom to choose
 * 2) The natural laws or principles – those that dictate the consequences of behavior. Positive consequences come from fairness, kindness, respect, honesty, integrity, service, and contribution
 * 3) The four bits of intelligence – mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual.

Covey talks about great achievers expressing their voice through the use of their intelligence. Achievers for example

 * develop their mental energy into vision
 * develop their physical energy into discipline
 * develop their emotional energy into passion
 * develop their spiritual energy into conscience – their inward moral sense of what is right and wrong and their drive towards meaning and contribution.

title: The 8th Habit


text:
Talk:Geoffrey Elton

Norman Cantor in his book Inventing the Middle Ages claims that Elton was a descendent of one of Central Europe's greatest rabbinical families, but provides no source for that assertion. Does anyone know anything about this matter? A.S. Brown

Czech republic and Czechoslovakia
In 1929, there was no Czech republic but Czechoslovakia. It should be corrected.

Internment during World War II
This article doesn't mention that he was interned as an "enemy alien" during World War Two, in the Isle of Man. In 1940 all German's were interned, even Jews. He is mentioned in the list of high-profile internees in Isle of Barbed Wire: The Story of World War Two Internment on the Isle of Man by Connery Chappell, but I can't find any other references to it online. Does anyone know of other sources? (It could be that Elton tried to forget about this period, as I imagine that it was probably an embarrassment for him). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jamesfranklingresham (talk • contribs) 00:17, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

Birthday
The article listed his birthday as August 17, which is the date given in "Tudor Rule and Revolution: Essays for G R Elton from His American Friends". However, both ODNB and his obituary notice in Proceedings of the British Academy list it as August 21 (albeit both have the same author). On the assumption that ODNB is more reliable than the preface of an edited volume I'm going to put August 21 instead, although I would love a better source for either of those dates.

Atchom (talk) 22:56, 3 June 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geoffrey Elton


text:
Lichos

Lichos (Lixoze; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.

title: Lichos


text:
Impunity game

The impunity game is a simple game in experimental economics, similar to the Dictator Game.

The first player "the proposer" chooses between two possible divisions of some endowment (such as a cash prize):
 * 1) The first choice will be a very unequal division, giving most of the endowment to herself, and sharing little with the second player (the partner or the "responder").
 * 2) The second choice is a more even division, giving a "fair" proportion of the initial pie to the responder, and keeping the rest for herself.

The second and final move of the game is in the hands of the responder: he can accept or reject the amount offered. Unlike the ultimatum game, this has no effect on the proposer, who always keeps the share she originally awarded herself.

This game has been studied less intensively than the other standards of experimental economics, but appears to produce the interesting result that proposers typically take the "least fair" option, keeping most of the reward for themselves, a conclusion sharply in contrast to that implied by the ultimatum or dictator games.

title: Impunity game


text:
Divine Madness (Madness album)

Divine Madness is the 1992 greatest hits album from the British ska/pop band Madness.

Content
The album presents the group's UK single A-sides from 1979 through 1986 in chronological order, though their version of "The Sweetest Girl" is omitted. ("The Sweetest Girl" was the only Madness single of this era to miss the top 30.) Also, some tracks are presented in their LP rather than single versions. The 1992/1995 Japanese CD versions add "In The City", which was a single there.

Releases
The album peaked at number 1 in the UK charts, and it eventually led to a Madness reunion and their first concert in six years (which was recorded for their Madstock! album).

Divine Madness was also released as a video and eventually DVD with all Madness music videos, including the album track "Bed & Breakfast Man", the omitted single "Sweetest Girl", and the 1988 single "I Pronounce You" (issued as by The Madness). The group's Japanese TV adverts for Honda City cars were also included.

The album was re-packaged in 1998 as The Heavy Heavy Hits with the addition of the single version of "The Sweetest Girl" (placed in its correct chronological position after "Uncle Sam").

In 2000 it was re-issued, under its original title of Divine Madness, with the further 1999 singles "Lovestruck" and "Johnny the Horse" included, but once again omitting "The Sweetest Girl". The album versions of "The Prince", "One Step Beyond...", "The Return of the Los Palmas 7", "Cardiac Arrest", "Shut Up" and "Tomorrow's Just Another Day" were replaced with the single versions, although the heavily edited version of "Shut Up" was used, which, at 2:51, fades out more than 30 seconds short of the actual single version.

Track listing

 * 1) "The Prince" from One Step Beyond...
 * 2) "One Step Beyond" from One Step Beyond...
 * 3) "My Girl" from One Step Beyond...
 * 4) "Night Boat to Cairo" from One Step Beyond...
 * 5) "Baggy Trousers" from Absolutely
 * 6) "Embarrassment" from Absolutely
 * 7) "The Return of the Los Palmas 7" from Absolutely
 * 8) "Grey Day" from 7
 * 9) "Shut Up" from 7
 * 10) "It Must Be Love" Single release only
 * 11) "Cardiac Arrest" from 7
 * 12) "House of Fun" from Complete Madness
 * 13) "Driving in My Car" Single release only
 * 14) "Our House" from The Rise & Fall
 * 15) "Tomorrow's Just Another Day" from The Rise & Fall
 * 16) "Wings of a Dove" Single release only
 * 17) "The Sun and the Rain" Single release only
 * 18) "Michael Caine" from Keep Moving
 * 19) "One Better Day" from Keep Moving
 * 20) "Yesterday's Men" from Mad Not Mad
 * 21) "Uncle Sam" from Mad Not Mad
 * 22) "(Waiting for the) Ghost Train" from Utter Madness

title: Divine Madness (Madness album)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/RAERRKLREKLEKGKLER

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was irrelavent, the article was speedy deleted by Burgundavia. bainer (talk) 09:14, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

rAERRKLREKLEKGKLER
Patent neologism. →Iñgōlemo←  talk  08:04, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Old Bewick

Old Bewick is a rural village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Bewick, in the county of Northumberland, England, notable for its Bronze Age cairn, Iron Age hill fort, 12th-century church; and for cup and ring marked stones – some of the first to be documented in Britain. In 1951 the parish had a population of 82.

Geography
Old Bewick village is 4.3 km west-north-west of Eglingham, and 4.6 km south of Chillingham in Northumberland, England, on a south-west facing slope of the River Breamish valley at approximately 322 feet above sea level. The village is 0.75 km west of the 765 feet Bewick Hill, the site of an Iron Age hill fort known as Bewick Hill Camp and comprising two adjacent semi-circular multivallate enclosures. The village is on a minor road forming a western extension of the B6346 road, as that road turns south-west, west of Harehope Hall, to join the A697 road.

The village's situation, within the Scottish Marches, the Anglo-Scottish border area of the late medieval and early modern eras, which was characterised by violence and cross-border raids, is of significance to Old Bewick insofar as its church was damaged by Scottish invaders in the 13th-century, and it was selected as the location of one of the many defensive towers erected in Northumberland in the 15th-century.

The village's name – Old Bewick, rather than merely Bewick – seems to go back into antiquity, reflecting the development of a distinct settlement, New Bewick, 1.3 km to the south and on the other side of River Breamish. Joan Blaeu's 1662 map, Comitatvs Northvmbria, shows Bewick Great and Bewick Little in positions approximating to Old and New Bewick, and both are listed in a 1663 rent roll for the district.

History
John Charles Langlands, tenant of Old Bewick Farm from May 1823, wrote and presented a detailed history of Old Bewick to the Berwickshire Naturalists Club on 30 May 1866.

Langlands starts by noting that in times before documented history, Old Bewick must have been the centre of a very considerable population, given the extensive remains of camps and dwellings of the race by whom it was occupied prior to the Roman period; and asserts that foundations of buildings of later periods found in surrounding fields indicate that its inhabitants continued to be numerous after the Roman period, drawn together probably for protection, to a fortified tower which had taken the place of the ancient camp.

The village is surrounded by hillforts, including Bewick Hill Camp noted above; Bewick Hill Moor camp, a partial contour fort 2.15 km to the east-north-east; and Bewick Bridge East, a hillslope fort 0.86 km to the north-west. Other prehistoric features in the vicinity of the village include cup and ring marked rocks to the east of Bewick Hill Camp; and slightly further east, round cairns north of Tick Law.

Cup and ring marked stones
Langlands discovered five cup and ring marked stones on the east top of Bewick Hill in the 1820s; these are amongst the earliest to be documented in Britain, notably in George Tate's 1865 The Ancient British Sculptured Rocks of Northumberland. Upon the discovery in 1852 of similar stones near Roughting Linn, near Doddington, Tate took it on himself to investigate the occurrence of these 'singular and mysterious inscriptions', using the platform of his presidency of the Berwickshire Naturalists Club to promulgate interest in the subject.

Two of Langlands' stones are found within Bewick Hill Camp. One, near to the outer rampart and eastern entrance, has five figures traceable, one of which is as deeply cut as 3//5 inch; the centre appears as a raised boss, and the whole figure looks like the impression of a horse's foot. The other is about 20 yard northward of the first, close to the rampart, and has two figures.

A large block, 9+1⁄2 foot by 6+1⁄2 foot, stands about 30 yard eastward of the camp, and has six figures traceable on its rough sloping surfaces, the largest of which is 10 inch in diameter. Another block, about 100 yard from the camp, presents two figures.

The chief group of sculptures, 27 in number, is found on the first stone discovered by Langlands, about 100 yard east of the camp; an irregular quadrangular shape, 10 foot by 8 foot, sloping northward, and rising where highest 4+1⁄2 foot above the ground.

Land ownership
Throughout the period of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria, and into the Norman period, the manor of Old Bewick was holden to the Court leet of Bamburgh Castle and tenanted under a drengage system peculiar to the kingdom, amounting to a feudal free tenantry with military duties.

Around or before 1107 the manor – termed the lands of Archi Morell – was given to Tynemouth Priory by Matilda of Scotland, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland and wife of Henry I of England. Malcolm III had been killed in 1093 whilst campaigning near Alnwick, by Morell of Bamburgh, a steward of Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, and was interred at Tynemouth Priory. Langlands suggests that the land formed part of Matilda's dowry. J. C. Hodgeson, writing in 1905, specifies that Bewick and Eglingham were lands owned by Morell of Bamburgh, confiscated in 1095 after a conspiracy to depose William II of England and place Stephen of Aumale on the English throne.

Philip C. Hardwick, in a letter to Langlands read to the Berwickshire Naturalists Club in May 1857, suggests that Old Bewick's 12th-Century Church of the Holy Trinity, situated at a distance to the north-west of the village, is mainly the work of the monks of Tynemouth starting from the date of Matilda's grant; albeit Hardwick opines that the apse may predate the rest of the structure.

In 1138 Old Bewick and lands around Eglingham were granted by the Priory to Edgar, son of Gospatric II, Earl of Lothian, but were later seized as forfeit by Henry II of England after Edgar opposed him, and later restored to the priory in recognition of Matilda's grant. Henry III of England in 1253 granted the monks of Tynemouth the right to hold a market in Old Bewick, weekly, on a Thursday. A 1292 valuation of the manor is recorded as £30 15s 6d.

Old Bewick reverted to the Crown in January 1539 during the period of the dissolution of the monasteries under Henry VIII, and in 1551 a grant of possession was made to John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland. Upon Dudley's execution for sedition, the lands once again reverted to the Crown, Elizabeth I granting possession to Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland in c.1569. The lands again reverted to the Crown on the death of the 9th Earl in 1632. Thereafter lands in the parish were held by a succession of free tenants, including by 1839 the Baker-Cresswell family.

Bewick Tower
In his 1891 The Border Holds of Northumberland, Cadwallader John Bates notes: "A most remarkable picture of the desolate and barbarous condition of the North of England has been left by Æneas Sylvius Piccolomini, afterwards Pope Pius II, who passed through it disguised as a merchant in 1486, on his return from a mission to Scotland. The entire male population of the town in which he spent the night after crossing the Border made off, he tells us, at the end of his protracted supper, for a tower at some distance for fear of the Scots, who were accustomed to take advantage of the tide being out to make a nocturnal raid across the river."

As a consequence, the border area, according to Bates, 'literally bristled' with defensive towers; Old Bewick was selected as the location for one such, and a peel tower was erected, presumably at some point in the 15th-century, since the first documented mention is in a 1509 Chapter House book suggesting it could accommodate 40 horsemen. Bewick Tower is described as a 'good tower', in Sir Robert Bowes and Sir Ralph Ellerker 1541 View of the Castles, Towers, Barmekyns, and Fortresses of the Frontier of the East and Middle Marches, wording which Bates suggests conveys a meaning that it was capable of housing 50 people; but equally, despite recent repairs to part of its roof, the tower was found not to be in good repair nor completely watertight.

In a later, 1584, report by the Commissioners on the Borders, for Elizabeth I, Bewick Tower was found to be decayed, and recommendations were made that it be rebuilt (at a cost of £20) and ideally augmented by a barmkin defensive wall, and stabling for 50 horses, at a cost of £200. The recommendations do not seem to have been acted on; a 1608 survey found:

"a faire stronge tower, with a garth and a dovecoate of hewen stone, which hath beene wholy covered with leade but most parte of the leade is now decayed or purloyned away wherby it is not inhabitable but in one comer that is vaulted over. This tower hath commonly beene a refuge for the Tenants ther in time of danger."

Ruins of the tower were extant in 1715, but it had been demolished and the foundations covered by the Alnwick to New Haggestone turnpike road, projected in an 1825 Local Act of Parliament and built shortly thereafter.

Governance
Old Bewick is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Old Bewick was formerly a township; from 1866 Old Bewick was a civil parish in its own right until it was abolished on 1 April 1955 to form Bewick.

title: Old Bewick


text:
Hong Kong Top Brand Awards

Hong Kong Top Brand Awards (formerly known as Hong Kong Top Ten Brandnames Awards, renamed in 2004) is a competition held in the Hong Kong Products Expo.

Rename and Introduction of new logos
From 2004, the Hong Kong Top Ten Brandnames Awards was renamed as "Hong Kong Top Brand Awards" and a brand-new logo has been implemented to reinstate the previous Award logo. Supervised by Kan Tai Keung (靳埭強), the logo retained the fundamental features of previous "Top Mark", while also looking more internationalised, noticeable, fashionable and vibrant. On 2005 January 1, the previous Award logo will be totally suspended for any purpose. To reinforce the supervision of the use of logo, the Association also put the Hong Kong Top Brand Mark Scheme into practice autonomously, so as to bring in a unified identity system for Awardees, and to improve the reviewing process and continuing development of the Award.

Hong Kong Top Brand Mark
All awardees should account to the Organizer concerning products under the winning brands. The license is subject to renewal on an annual basis. If the winning company falls short to renew license for any product, it should not use the Mark in any case use the Mark or promote individual products by means of the awards; and they are required to evidently signify the entire title of the award, the year of conferment and the name of Organizer whenever quoting the award in literature.

1999

 * A-Fontane
 * Airland
 * Aji Ichiban
 * GP Batteries
 * Hang Heung
 * Knife Brand
 * Lee Kum Kee
 * Nin Jiom
 * Hoe Hin Pak Fah Yeow
 * Wing Wah

Top Ten Brandnames

 * AXE
 * Crocodile
 * Eagle's
 * Goodway
 * Lion & Globe Brand
 * Long Far
 * Red A
 * Sau Tao Brand
 * Universe
 * Vitasoy

Most Popular Brandname On-line

 * Crocodile

Top Ten Brandnames

 * Aqua Pure
 * Dai Pai Dong
 * Eu Yan Sang
 * Flower
 * Garden Bakeries
 * German Tops
 * Golden Elephant Brand
 * Maid Brand
 * Tung Rong Hung
 * Wai Yuen Tong

Emerging Brandname

 * Lo Hong Ka

Most Popular Brandname On-line

 * Dai Pai Dong

The Honorary Award

 * A-Fontane

Top Ten Brandnames

 * Camel Brand
 * Chicks
 * Chow Tai Fook
 * Four Seas
 * Hung Fook Tong
 * Lamex
 * Lo Hong Ka
 * Neil Pryde
 * Red Lantern
 * Sea Horse

Emerging Brandname

 * LK

Most Popular Brandname On-line

 * Chow Tai Fook

The Honorary Award

 * Eu Yan Sang
 * GP
 * Lion & Globe Brand

Top Ten Brandnames

 * 3D-Gold
 * Amoy
 * Fortune
 * Golden Statue
 * Greendotdot
 * Maxim's
 * Octopus
 * Sau San Tong
 * Watsons Water
 * Weiyuen

Emerging Brandname

 * Ling Nam

Most Popular Brandname On-line

 * Sau San Tong

Hong Kong Premier Brand

 * Aqua Pure
 * Lee Kum Kee

Hong Kong Top Brand

 * American Roses Brand
 * Doll noodle
 * FLUID
 * Fung Yip
 * Goods of Desire
 * German Pool
 * Imperial Bird's Nest
 * Luk Fook Jewellery
 * Saint Honore
 * San Miguel Brewery
 * Tien Chu

Emerging Brand

 * Tsit Wing

Most Popular Brand On-line

 * Lee Kum Kee

Hong Kong Top Brand

 * Catalo
 * LK
 * Madame Pearl's
 * Mr. Juicy
 * Super Star
 * Taikoo
 * Tung Chun
 * Vita Green Lingzhi

title: Hong Kong Top Brand Awards


text:
2nd Dalai Lama

Gedun Gyatso, (, "Sublimely Glorious Ocean of Spiritual Aspirants", layname: Yonten Phuntsok; 1475–1542) also Gendun Gyatso Palzangpo, was considered posthumously to have been the second Dalai Lama.

Early life
Gedun Gyatso was born near Shigatse at Tanak as Sangye Phel, in the Tsang region of Central Tibet. His father, Kunga Gyaltsen (1432–1481), was a ngakpa (married tantric practitioner) of the Nyingma lineage, a famous Nyingma tantric master. His mother was Machik Kunga Pemo, they were a farming family. According to scholar Gene Smith, "the rebirth of the First Dalai Lama as the son of Grub chen Kun dga' rgyal mtshan resulted in the end of a hereditary line of Shangs pa Bka' brgyud pa lamas."

Legend has it that soon after he learned to speak, he told his parents his name was Pema Dorje, the birth name of Gendun Drup (1391–1474) and that his father was Lobsang Drakpa, which was Tsongkapa's ordination name. When he was four, he reportedly told his parents he wished to live in the Tashilhunpo monastery (next to Shigatse and founded in 1447 by Gendun Drup) to be with his monks.

He was proclaimed the reincarnation of Gendun Drup as a young boy – according to some sources at the age of four years, and to others at eight.

He received his novice vows from Panchen Lungrig Gyatso in 1486, at the age of ten, and his vows of an ordained monk from Ghoje Choekyi Gyaltsen who gave him his ordination name of Gedun Gyatso. At the age of eleven, he was enthroned as the reincarnation of Gendun Drup at Tashilhunpo monastery. He received his novice and then full ordination vows.

He remained at Tashilhunpo until he was 16 or 17 but, then, due to "some controversies or jealousy" he had to leave the monastery and went to Lhasa to study at Drepung Monastery.

Buddhist influence
Gedun Gyatso was a renowned scholar and composer of mystical poetry, who traveled widely to extend Gelugpa influence, and became abbot of the largest Gelugpa monastery, Drepung, which from this time on was closely associated with the reincarnation line which eventually would be known as that of the Dalai Lamas. According to Sumpa Khenpo, the great Gelug scholar, he also studied some Nyingma-pa tantric doctrines.

It is said that Palden Lhamo, the female guardian spirit of the sacred lake, Lhamo La-tso, promised the First Dalai Lama in one of his visions "that she would protect the reincarnation lineage of the Dalai Lamas." Since the time of Gendun Gyatso, who formalised the system, monks have gone to the lake to seek guidance on choosing the next reincarnation through visions while meditating there. Gendun Gyatso is said to have been the first to discover the sacredness of Lake Lhamoi Latso.

In 1509 he went to southern Tibet and founded the monastery of Chokorgyel Monastery (Chokhor-gyal) close to lake Lhamo La-tso, about 115 km northeast of Tsetang and at an altitude of 4,500 m (14,764 ft), while the lake itself is at an altitude of about 5,000 m. (16,404 ft).

Gedun Gyatso became abbot of Tashilhunpo in 1512 at the age of thirty-six. In 1517 he became abbot of Drepung monastery and he revived the 'Great Prayer Festival' or Monlam Chenmo in 1518, presiding over the celebration with monks from the three large Gelug monasteries of Sera, Drepung and Gaden (Ganden was the original monastery of the Geluk order, founded by Je Tsongkhapa himself in 1409). He then became abbot of Sera monastery in 1525; Sera had been founded in 1419, by Jamchen Chojey (Sakya Yeshe), a disciple of Tsong Khapa.

His Seat has been Drepung.

Gedun Gyatso died deep in meditation at the age of 67 in 1542.

title: 2nd Dalai Lama