text:
User talk:Stane

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Hi Stane, great work expanding Lepenski Vir. I hope you will stay here and write some more on the archaeology of your region. adamsan 19:11, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
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Hi Stane, could you verify pictures on Lepenski Vir article, please. They are going to delete them all (and article as well) if we give them a chance. Thx. --Ninam 02:15, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Hervanta3.jpg
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 13:11, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Lepenski vir 11.jpg)
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Speedy deletion nomination of File:HervantaSculpture.jpg
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Speedy deletion nomination of File:Scribe.jpg
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Non-free rationale for File:Lepenski vir 12.jpg
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Non-free rationale for File:Lepenski vir 11.jpg
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Stane


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jack Ford

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 02:58, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Jack Ford
The mayor of Toledo, Ohio. I'm not too familiar with him, and he gets Google hits, but I don't know if the mayor is all that notable. Aside from that, the article is one sentence long. Hedley 19:13, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, mayor of a decent-sized city. You might want to give things more than 3 minutes to grow before you take them "off to vfd". Kappa 19:20, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable Mayor. Klonimus 08:12, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Toledo is a city of over 300,000; Five wikipedia articles point to him; '"Jack ford" ohio' gets about 10,000 hits, '"Jack Ford" mayor' gets 9,000 hits. I think he counts as notable. — Asbestos | Talk  19:39, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Holy Toledo, let's keep this one. My city (population: 12,698 according to our article) shouldn't qualify its mayor to be in an encyclopedia just for being mayor, but Toledo certainly should. -- Jonel 19:50, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep the article, but it may need disambiguation: I think there are at least two Jack Fords who are more famous (Jack Ford, the son of President Gerald Ford, and Jack Ford, the TV commentator) - Nunh-huh 19:55, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. A disambig would not be a bad idea, either. -- BD2412  talk  20:04, 2005 May 29 (UTC)
 * K Clearly notable, especially given his service in the Ohio legislature. Fawcett5 20:31, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but disambiguate. RickK 21:36, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mayor of reasonable size city and former member of the Ohio legislature. Disambiguation may be necessary. Capitalistroadster 02:32, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and disambiguate. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 03:31, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep For reasons cited above. Even though my vote isn't needed here, every now and then it's nice to join a crowd that I agree with.  ;)  -- Un  focused  03:53, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep a notable character, informative article! UkPaolo 16:41, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Brynäs IF

Brynäs IF is a Swedish professional ice hockey team from Gävle. The club currently plays in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL), promoted from the HockeyAllsvenskan, the second tier of ice hockey in Sweden, following the 2023–24 season. The club played in the top-tier Swedish league from 1960 to 2023 (1960-75 called Division I, 1975-2023 called the SHL), a total of 63 seasons, longer than any other Swedish club, before suffering relegation for the first time in franchise history at the conclusion of the 2022–23 season. They have won the Swedish championship 13 times, second only to Djurgården with 16 wins. In the 2023/2024 Hockeyallsvenskan season Brynäs won promotion back to the SHL after beating Djurgården 4-0 in the final.

History
Brynäs IF was formed by Nils Norin, Ferdinand Blomkvist, and Thure Ternström on 12 May 1912 and began to play ice hockey in 1939. The club has also competed in soccer, athletics, bandy, swimming, and water polo. The team has played in the hockey league's top flight since 1960 and has won the Swedish championship 13 times, most recently in 2012.

Brynäs IF became the world's first ice hockey club to collaborate with the United Nations Program UNICEF, after signing a five-year contract with the organisation on 20 November 2013 (expiring in 2018). On 3 June 2014, the club also signed a five-year contract with Gävle Municipality (expiring after the 2018–19 season). The municipality acquired the naming rights for the club's home arena and renamed it Gavlerinken Arena. The latter collaboration also meant the municipality would pay the club to play with ad-free jerseys, starting in the 2014–15 season, as the only SHL team. The arena is since September 2019 named Monitor ERP Arena.

In 2021, after finishing 13th (out of 14 teams) in the regular season, the team was forced to defend its SHL status for the first time since 2008, playing a best-of-seven series against the last-placed team, HV71, with home advantage. At the conclusion of the 2022–23 season, Brynäs was relegated from the SHL for the first time in franchise history, after losing the relegation playout series, 1–4, to the Malmö Redhawks. They returned to the SHL after the 2023-24 season.

Season-by-season
''This is a partial list, featuring the five most recent completed seasons. For a more complete list, see List of Brynäs IF seasons.''

Current roster
Updated 8 May 2024

Team captains

 * Jan Larsson (1999–2003)
 * Tommy Sjödin (2003–2008)
 * Andreas Dackell (2008–2012)
 * Jakob Silfverberg (2012)
 * Jörgen Sundqvist (2012–2014)
 * Niclas Andersén (2014–2015)
 * Anton Rödin (2015–2016)
 * Jacob Blomqvist (2016–2019)
 * Anton Rödin (2019–2023)
 * Johan Larsson (2023–)

Head coaches

 * Axel Svensson (1943–1944)
 * Conny Eriksson (1954–1957)
 * Arne Backman (1960–1961)
 * Nils Bergström (1961–1963)
 * Herbert Pettersson (1963–1966)
 * Börje Mattsson (1966–1967)
 * Nils Bergström (1967–1969)
 * Tommy Sandlin (1969–1977)
 * Rolf Andersson (1977–1979)
 * Lennart Johansson (1979–1980)
 * Tord Lundström (1980–1981)
 * Lennart Johansson (1981–1982)
 * Stig Salming (1982–1987)
 * Tord Lundström (1987–1988)
 * Staffan Tholson (1988–1991)
 * Tommy Sandlin (1991–1996)
 * Göran Sjöberg (1996–1998)
 * Roger Melin (1998–2002)
 * Esko Nokelainen (2002)
 * Gunnar Persson (2002–2004)
 * Tomas Jonsson (2004)
 * Roger Kyrö (2004–2005)
 * Wayne Fleming (2005–2005)
 * Leif Boork (2005–2007)
 * Olof Östblom (2007–2008)
 * Tomas Thelin (2008)
 * Leif Boork (2008)
 * Niklas Czarnecki (2008–2011)
 * Tommy Jonsson (2011–2014)
 * Thomas Berglund (2014–2017)
 * Roger Melin (2017–2017)
 * Tommy Sjödin (2017–2018)
 * Magnus Sundquist (2018–2020)
 * Peter Andersson (2020–2021)
 * Mikko Manner (2021-2023)
 * Ove Molin (2023)
 * Niklas Gällstedt (2023–)

Individual season records

 * Most Goals in a season: Tom Bissett, 40 (1998–99)
 * Most Assists in a season: Jan Larsson, 43 (1998–99)
 * Most Points in a season: Lars-Göran Nilsson, 62 (1970–71)
 * Most Penalty Minutes in a season: Tommy Melkersson, 118 (1996–97)
 * Most Points in a season, defenseman: Pär Djoos, 48 (1998–99)

Scoring leaders
These are the top-ten point-scorers in SHL history. Figures are updated after each completed SHL regular season.

Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game; = current Brynäs IF player

Team
Le Mat Trophy
 * 1963–64, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1979–80, 1992–93, 1998–99, 2011–12

Individual
Coach of the Year
 * Tommy Sandlin: 1991–92, 1992–93
 * Roger Melin: 1998–99

Guldhjälmen
 * Jan Larsson: 1998–99
 * Jakob Silfverberg: 2011–2012

Guldpucken
 * Håkan Wickberg: 1970–71
 * William Löfqvist: 1971–72
 * Stig Östling: 1974–75
 * Mats Näslund: 1979–80
 * Tommy Sjödin: 1991–92

Håkan Loob Trophy
 * Kenneth Andersson: 1983–84
 * Evgeny Davydov: 1996–97
 * Tom Bissett: 1998–99
 * Jan Larsson: 1999-00

Honken Trophy
 * Johan Holmqvist: 2005–06
 * Jacob Markström: 2009–10

Rinkens Riddare
 * Lars Bylund: 1968–69
 * Håkan Wickberg: 1969–70
 * Jan-Erik Lyck: 1971–72

Rookie of the Year
 * Nicklas Bäckström: 2005–06
 * Jacob Markström: 2009–10
 * Mattias Ekholm: 2010–11
 * Johan Larsson:2011-12

title: Brynäs IF


text:
Rukh

Rukh may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Rukh, an ancestor god of the Dwarfs in the Warhammer fantasy fictional universe
 * Rukh, the "home of souls" and source of all natural phenomena in the world of Magi: The Labyrinth of Magic
 * Rukh, the jungle, in Kipling's first written story about Mowgli, "In the Rukh"
 * Rukh (film), a 2017 Indian film
 * Rukh (Star Wars), a character in the Star Wars universe

Places and buildings

 * MCS Rukh, a municipal stadium in the Ivano-Frankivsk city park, Ukraine
 * Rukh, Iran, a village in Hormozgan Province, Iran

Other uses

 * People's Movement of Ukraine or Rukh, a Ukrainian political party
 * Roc (mythology) or Rukh, a mythological giant bird
 * Rook (chess), from Persian رخ (transliterated rukh or rokh)

title: Rukh


text:
Talk:Barong tagalog

I wondered whether the Spanish imposition of the Barong Tagalog on the Filipinos was folklore or not. A further condition regarding the Barong was, in the same untraceable source in which I originally read the contents of the article, that it should have no pockets. Not having pockets meant, to the colonial Spanish, that the Pinoys could not steal the silver.

An ironical twist to the tale is that all visitors to Malacañang (The presidential palace) are now required to wear the barong. Folklore? I've never been invited to the palace. But I wonder if George W. Bush has a barong in his closet. Shirt tails out (to show deference), thin material (he could thus not hide a WMD) and no pockets in which to hide GMA's silver?

An interesting thought! How much of this is truth and how much folklore?

Sean (Cape Town, ZA)

Source: An untraceable email. Hoping there is someone out there who can coroborate/refute.

There is a competing theory which disputes the official story about the barong. The alternate theory is that the barong is the Philippine adaptation of the guayabera, a shirt which is popular in Latin American communities. Harvzsf 06:54, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, it seems the some of the Spanish themselves believe the "official" theory. Soluziona, a Spanish company, reportedly prohibits its Filipino employees in the Philippines from wearing the Barong in the office, because of its colonial implications. --seav 14:26, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

BARONG IS UNIQUELY A FILIPINO DRESS.
Barong Tagalog is like the Filipino culture, a fusion of Asian and Western culture. Bold text

baros and indios?
It says in the fourth paragraph: "Connoisseurs of historical details say that during the Spanish era, the rulers required that the baro of the indio be made of flimsy material so that he could not conceal weapons on his person." What's a baro and an indio? Neither of the things that they linked to make sense so I'm removing the links, but if someone does know what they are and/or how the old links were relevant, I hope they'll fix it and maybe update the baro and indio pages to better explain. 75.22.207.224 (talk) 03:03, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

Baro is the Tagalog word for Blouse in girls (like the BARO't Saya which is the Philippine National dress for Women) and shirt for men (BAROng Tagalog which is literally Tagalog Shirt in English).

Indio, on the other hand, in English translation, is Indian. In colonial times, all the natives are caled Indio. The term Filipino is used for Spaniards who were born in the Philippines. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.85.21.251 (talk) 07:20, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

The Aussie Racial Superiority Insult.
The Aussie racists are very quick to judge any cultural aspect on it's face, a dress is a dress but the Aussie Imperialists see the world for their own bigoted mind, Hitler is very happy because the Aussie racists are gaining strength from not keeping their intellectual mouths shut.DON'T Judge in ORDER not to be judged, and please remove the controversy section it ignites the open minded Filipinos here, thanks a lot. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.54.68.114 (talk) 10:56, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Page is chock full of advertising for "barongwarehouse.com"
Page is chock full of advertising for "barongwarehouse.com" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.56.76.6 (talk) 17:43, 4 June 2017 (UTC)

You're right. I've removed it. Scottjduffy (talk) 19:30, 28 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:09, 24 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Filipino Painting 43.jpg

Barong Tagalog
Voice of a teacher and British accent 136.158.25.116 (talk) 07:23, 1 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Barong tagalog


text:
UFO Tofu

UFO Tofu is the third album by Béla Fleck and the Flecktones, released in 1992. The title is a palindrome, which is also a musical theme in the title track; the idea originated with the musician Baby Gramps.

Production
The album was produced by Fleck, Roy Wooten, Howard Levy, and Victor Wooten. "Bonnie & Slyde" is a tribute to Bonnie Raitt and her slide guitar mastery. "Sex in a Pan" was inspired by a dessert offered at a restaurant in North Carolina.

Critical reception
The Indianapolis Star deemed the album "a savory blend of jazz, country and world beat—with a generous dollop of funk, just for fun." The Morning Call stated that it "blends the Flecktones' high-tech electronics with Fleck's lyrical, often melodic playing."

In his AllMusic review, music critic Thom Owens wrote of the album: "Though the Flecktones didn't change their formula with their third album, UFO Tofu, they did manage to craft one of their more consistent and impressive efforts... Occasionally, the material is lightweight, functioning only as vehicle for the group's solos. Then again, the whole point of Fleck's music is the solos, so that shouldn't upset his fans too much. Of course, it doesn't help him win new ones, either."

Track listing
All songs by Béla Fleck unless otherwise noted.
 * 1) "The West County" – 4:30
 * 2) "Sex in a Pan" (Victor Wooten) – 3:33
 * 3) "Nemo's Dream" – 5:07
 * 4) "Bonnie & Slyde" – 4:18
 * 5) "Scuttlebutt" – 4:04
 * 6) "UFO Tofu" – 3:46
 * 7) "Magic Fingers" – 5:13
 * 8) "True North" – 4:54
 * 9) "Life without Elvis" – 5:06
 * 10) "Seresta" (Howard Levy, Manfredo Fest) – 3:39
 * 11) "The Yee-Haw Factor" – 6:57
 * 12) "After the Storm" – 3:52

Personnel

 * Béla Fleck – acoustic (tracks 1-3, 6-8, 11, 12), slide (track 4), electric (track 5) & nylon strung (tracks 9, 10) banjos, synth (track 9)
 * Howard Levy – diatonic harmonicas (G, A, Bb, C & D) (tracks 1-4, 7, 9-12), synth (track 7), piano (tracks 1, 3, 4, 6-8, 10), synthesizers (tracks 1, 3-5, 9, 12), Hammond B3 Organ (tracks 7, 11), pennywhistle (track 8) & ocarina (track 11)
 * Future Man – Synth-Axe Drumitar
 * Victor Wooten – 4 string bass, 5 string bass, 5 string fretless bass (tracks 1, 4, 12), stereo effect (tracks 2, 7) & tenor bass (tracks 8, 10)
 * Bil VornDick – engineer

title: UFO Tofu


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Talk:Myra Landau

Untitled
Right now this page just seems like self-serving vanity, it has no links to any other wiki pages and seems like an artist's resume. I won't submit it for deletion (I'm trusting this person is notable enough to deserve an article) but -- just my opinion-- this really need attention. Etacar11 19:17, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I've added the NPOV tag to this. I'm not sure it merits a Vote for Deletion yet, but this was admittedly written by the artist's publicist (as per her email to me).  It needs serious clean-up. --Etacar11 05:25, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

A warning to anyone who helps clean this page up: It is loaded with unnecessary &nbsp; entities (and possibly others). Use the Show Preview button liberally while cleaning to avoid accidently deleting content (I almost did). —CrazyDrumGuy 15:41, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Clean up
This article has had long standing notability issues. I have just removed the prod, supplied some references, and done a savage clean up. Myra Landau is a known artist - though English language internet sources are hard to come by as the bulk of her work was done in Latin America. There are books and journals in which she is written about by notable art critics. The main issues with this article appears to be that it was written by either the artist herself or by her publicist. All that content has now been removed apart from a few words in the first sentence. It can now be built upon by people who have knowledge of or an interest in modern Latin American art.  SilkTork  * SilkyTalk 17:57, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Nice job! Looks like a new article! --Stormbay 20:47, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Myra Landau


text:
JASON (advisory group)

JASON is an independent group of elite scientists that advises the United States government on matters of science and technology, mostly of a sensitive nature. The group was created in the aftermath of the Sputnik launch as a way to reinvigorate the idea of having the nation's preeminent scientists help the government with defense problems, similar to the way that scientists helped in World War II but with a new and younger generation. It was established in 1960 and has somewhere between 30 and 60 members. Its work first gained public notoriety as the source of the Vietnam War's McNamara Line electronic barrier. Although most of its research is military-focused, JASON also produced early work on the science of global warming and acid rain. Current unclassified research interests include health informatics, cyberwarfare, and renewable energy.

Activities
For administrative purposes, JASON's activities are run through the MITRE Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation in McLean, Virginia, which operates Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs) for the federal government. The Department of Defense ended its contract with MITRE in April 2019, effectively cutting ties with JASON. However, due to the efforts of the Department of Energy as well as others within the government, to include an act of Congress, the contract was reinstated and is now again with the Department of Defense.

JASON typically performs most of its work during an annual summer study. Its sponsors include the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, and the U.S. Intelligence Community. Most of the resulting JASON reports are classified.

The name "JASON" is sometimes explained as an acronym, standing either for "July August September October November", the months in which the group would typically meet; or, tongue in cheek, for "Junior Achiever, Somewhat Older Now". However, neither explanation is correct; in fact, the name is not an acronym at all. Mildred Goldberger, wife of group member Murph Goldberger, disliked the name given by the Pentagon, Project Sunrise, and suggested the group be named Jason, inspired by the mythological character Jason. JASON studies have included a now-mothballed system for communicating with submarines using extremely long radio waves (Project Seafarer, Project Sanguine), an astronomical technique for overcoming the atmosphere's distortion (adaptive optics), the many problems of missile defense, technologies for verifying compliance with treaties banning nuclear tests, a 1979 report describing CO2-driven global warming, and the McNamara Line's electronic barrier, a system of computer-linked sensors developed during the Vietnam War which became the precursor to the modern electronic battlefield.

Among the more recent activities was a non-consensus-commensurate (in other words, providing a view alternative to the prevailing one in the federal executive department which commissioned the report), and now declassified, report to the State Department dismissing sounds associated with the Havana syndrome cases as caused by crickets as opposed to microwave weapons. This was followed by a 2021 report, in which JASON again found no compelling evidence that the anomalous health incidents (AHI) were caused by a deliberate attack using a radio-frequency or any other directed energy weapon.

Membership
JASON members, known informally as "Jasons," include physicists, biologists, chemists, oceanographers, mathematicians, and computer scientists, predominated by theoretical physicists. They are selected by current members, and, over the years, have included eleven Nobel Prize laureates and several dozen members of the United States National Academy of Sciences. Claire Ellen Max was the first female scientist invited to join in 1983. All members have a wide range of security clearances that allow them to do their work.

The founders of JASON include John Wheeler and Charles H. Townes. Other early members included Murray Gell-Mann, S. Courtenay Wright, Robert Gomer, Walter Munk, Hans Bethe, Nick Christofilos, Fredrik Zachariasen, Marshall Rosenbluth, Ed Frieman, Hal Lewis, Sam Treiman, Conrad Longmire, Steven Weinberg, Roger Dashen, and Freeman Dyson.

Some Nobel Prize-winning members of JASON include Donald Glaser, Val Fitch, Murray Gell-Mann, Luis Walter Alvarez, Henry Way Kendall, and Steven Weinberg.

Chairs
In chronological order:
 * Marvin Leonard Goldberger (1960–1966)
 * Harold Lewis (1966–1973)
 * Kenneth M. Watson
 * Edward A. Frieman
 * Richard Garwin
 * William Nierenberg
 * William Happer (1987–1990)
 * Curtis Callan (1990–1995)
 * William H. Press (1995–1998)
 * Steven Koonin
 * Roy Schwitters (2005–2011)
 * Gerald Joyce (2011–2014)
 * Russell J. Hemley (2014–2019)
 * Ellen D. Williams (2019–present)

Early history
In 1958, a military-issues physics summer study program named Project 137 was launched by physicists John Archibald Wheeler, Eugene Wigner, and Oskar Morgenstern. Participants included Murph Goldberger, Kenneth M. Watson, Nick Christofilos, and Keith Brueckner.

Out of that program came the idea of a permanent institution for advanced scientific research, a proposed National Defense Institute, on behalf of the Department of Defense. Wheeler was offered such a position by DARPA's Herb York but turned it down, having put in the effort to establish Project 137. Murph Goldberger also turned down the request.

However, in December 1959 Marvin Stern, Charles H. Townes, Keith Brueckner, Kenneth M. Watson, and Marvin Leonard Goldberger met in Los Alamos where several of them had been working on nuclear-rocket research and launched JASON as an ongoing summer study program, with financial and administrative support supplied by the Institute for Defense Analyses. In the early 1960s, JASON had about 20 members. By the end of the decade it had grown to over 40 members, with close ties to the President's Science Advisory Committee. In the early 1970s the backing institution for JASON was changed from IDA to SRI.

Vietnam War
The Vietnam War had a significant effect on JASON's membership and research focus. A major initiative of JASON became the McNamara Line electronic barrier, promoted by the hawks. (According to Freeman Dyson, a member of JASON, this research was actually not carried out by JASON, but by a group called JASON EAST). By around 1966, the team had become strongly divided along political and ethical lines. In March 1967, Freeman Dyson, Robert Gomer, Steven Weinberg, and S. Courtenay Wright produced a report, approved by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara and titled "Tactical Nuclear Weapons in Southeast Asia." Declassified in 2002 through a Freedom of Information Act action brought by the Nautilus Institute, the paper predicted catastrophic consequences for U.S. global interests as well as for the people and environment of Southeast Asia of a tactical nuclear weapons strike in the area. Going into great detail, the paper strongly contradicted game-scenario research from the RAND Corporation and other groups that was optimistic about a nuclear option. Co-author Wright later stated that the report's main finding was that "employment of nuclear weapons by the US would be of little use against a widely distributed opponent but disaster if copied by the opponent." In a nuclear counterstrike against U.S. troops, the report concluded that, in the worst-case, "the U.S. fighting capability in Vietnam would be essentially annihilated." Co-author Weinberg showed the political point of view of the writers and the increasing political division:

"I have to admit that its conclusions were pretty much what we expected from the beginning, and if I had not expected to reach these conclusions then, for the ethical reasons that we left out of the report I would not have helped to write it."

Seymour Deitchman, a national security consultant who served with the IDA for over 28 years, said, "To the extent of my personal knowledge, the talk of using nuclear weapons in that war stopped after the JASON report on the subject." Gordon J. F. MacDonald, executive vice president of IDA at the time, reflected on the JASON report in 1998. MacDonald said that the "grim picture" painted in the report had a major effect on both Johnson and McNamara. It was central to McNamara's differences with the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who were sanguine about the nuclear option; this ultimately led to McNamara's resignation. RAND experts also conceded the report's credibility.

There arose internal conflict between hawkish JASON members such as William Happer, Edward Teller, and William Nierenberg and others such as MacDonald, Sid Drell, and Richard Garwin. Public attention to JASON's involvement in the Vietnam War led to public criticism and attacks, even against JASON members who were not hawks; for example, MacDonald's garage was burned down and Richard Garwin was called a "baby killer."

Around this time, some members critical of the war left, and others directed JASON research into unclassified, non-military work on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy on problems like global warming and acid rain.

Recent history
In 2002, DARPA decided to cut its ties with JASON. DARPA had not only been one of JASON's primary sponsors, it was also the channel through which JASON received funding from other sponsors. DARPA's decision came after JASON's refusal to allow DARPA to select three new JASON members. Since JASON's inception, new members have always been selected by its existing members. After much negotiation and letter-writing—including a letter by Congressman Rush Holt of New Jersey —funding was subsequently secured from an office higher in the defense hierarchy, the office of the Director, Defense Research & Engineering, name changed to Assistant Secretary of Defense (Research & Engineering) (ASD (R&E)) in 2011.

In 2009, JASON issued its classified recommendations on the future of the United States nuclear arsenal, finding that a new generation of nuclear weapons was unnecessary. In 2010, JASON issued recommendations for the Department of Defense to support cyber-security research. In 2011, the panel published a public analysis of and recommendations for international greenhouse gas monitoring by the United States government. In 2014, the panel published results of its 2013 summer-study focus on health information exchange.

In April 2019, JASON lost its contract with the Department of Defense. On 28 March, Representative Jim Cooper (D–TN), who chairs the strategic forces subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee, revealed that the MITRE Corporation, a nonprofit based in McLean, Virginia, that manages the JASON contract, received a letter from the Department of Defense ordering it to close up shop by 30 April. However, on 25 April 2019 the National Nuclear Security Administration in the Department of Energy offered the group an 8-month contract that would continue to employ JASON.

Research
About half of JASON's work is classified, ranging from recommendations on the United States nuclear arsenal and missile defense, to electronic surveillance and cyber-security.

Much of JASON's public work has involved energy and the environment, including Gordon MacDonald's project to model climate change that soon convinced him that fossil-fuel burning would lead to dangerous global warming that would outstrip any industrial cooling effects. For decades, MacDonald was a prominent scientific advocate for action on climate change. Current JASON energy research has included reports on advanced biofuel production and how to reduce the Department of Defense's carbon footprint for strategic and environmental reasons. However, several other members of JASON, including past chairs Nierenberg, Happer, and Koonin, have cast doubt on climate science and policies that would limit the use of fossil fuels.

JASON studies include:
 * Managing the Risk From COVID-19 During a Return to On-Site University Research, (August, 2020, JSR-20-NS1)
 * Fundamental Research Security, (December 2019; JSR 19–21)
 * Artificial Intelligence in Health and Healthcare, (December 2017, JSR-17-Task-002)
 * Data for Individual Health, (November 2014, JSR-14-TASK-007)
 * A Robust Health Data Infrastructure, (April 2014, JSR-13-700)
 * Compressive Sensing for DoD Sensor Systems, (November 2012, JSR-12-104)
 * Impacts of Severe Space Weather on the Electric Grid, (November 2011, JSR-11-320)
 * The $100 Genome: Implications for the DoD. (November 2010, JSR-10-100)
 * Science of Cyber-Security, (November 2010, JSR-10-102)
 * High Frequency Gravitational Waves, (October 2008; JSR-08-506)
 * Human Performance, (March 2008; JSR-07-625)
 * Microbial Forensics, (May 2008; No. JSR-08-512)
 * Wind Farms and Radar, (January 2008; JSR-08-125)
 * Navy Ship Underwater Shock Prediction and Testing Capability Study, (October 2007; JSR-07-200)
 * Reliable Replacement Warhead Executive Summary, (September 2007; JSR-07-336E)
 * Pit Lifetime, (January 2007; JSR-06-335)
 * DAHRT, (October 2006; JSR-06-330)
 * Engineering Microorganisms for Energy Production, (June 2006; JSR-05-300)
 * Reducing DoD Fossil-Fuel Dependence, (September 2006; JSR-06-135)
 * NIF Ignition (June 2005; JSR-05-340)
 * Tactical Infrasound (May 2005; JSR-03-520)
 * Quantifications of Margins and Uncertainties, (March 2005; JSR-04-330)
 * High Performance Biocomputation (March 2005; JSR-04-300)
 * Sensors to Support the Soldier (Feb. 2005; JSR-04-210)
 * Horizontal Integration: Broader Access Models for Realizing Information Dominance (December 2004; JSR-04-312)
 * Active Sonar Waveform, (June 2004; JSR-03-200)
 * The Computational Challenges of Medical Imaging, (February 2004; JSR-03-300)
 * Requirements for ASCI, (October 2003; JSR-03-330)
 * Portable Energy for the Dismounted Soldier, (June 2003; JSR-02-135)
 * Turbulent Boundary Layer Drag Reduction, (May 2003; JSR-01-135)
 * High Power Lasers, (April 2003; JSR-02-224)
 * Biodetection Architectures, (February 2003; JSR-02-330)
 * Opportunities at the Intersection of Nanoscience, Biology and Computation, (November 2002; JSR-02-300)
 * Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program, (April 2002; JSR-01-315)
 * Non-GPS Methods of Geolocation, (January 2002; JSR-00-105)
 * Radiological Weapons, (2002; JSR-02-340)
 * Biofutures, (June 2001; JSR-00-130)
 * Spintronics, (February 2001; JSR-99-115)
 * Imaging Infrared Detectors II, (October 2000, JSR-97-600)
 * Advantage of Base-Line Redundancy in Sparse Apertures, (September 2000; JSR-2000-551)
 * Space Infrastructure for 2020, (September 2000; JSR-99-125)
 * Imaging Infrared Detectors II, (June 2000; JSR-97-500)
 * Molecular Electronics: Interfacing the Nano- and Micro-Worlds, (May 2000; JSR-99-120)
 * Power Sources for Ultra Low Power Electronics, (June 2000; JSR-98-130)
 * 100 LBS TO Low Earth Orbit (LEO): Small-Payload Launch Options, (January 2000; JSR-98-140)
 * Data Mining and the Human Genome (January 2000; JSR-99-310)
 * Primary Performance Margins (December 1999; JSR-99-305) (unclassified introduction)
 * System-Level Flight Tests, (December 1999; JSR-98-310)
 * Remanufacture (of Nuclear Weapons), (October 1999; JSR-99-300)
 * Army Battlefield Communications (September 1999; JSR-96-605)
 * Characterization of Underground Facilities (April 1999; JSR-97-155)
 * Non-destructive Evaluation and Self-Monitoring Materials (April 1999; JSR-98-145)
 * Electro Thermal Chemical Gun Technology Study (March 1999; JSR-98-600)
 * Small Unit Operations (June 1998; JSR-97-142)
 * Signatures of Aging Revisited (March 1998; JSR-98-320)
 * Signatures of Aging [of nuclear weapons] (January 1998; JSR-97-320)
 * Counterproliferation (January 1998; JSR-94-140)
 * High Energy Density Explosives (October 1997; JSR-97-110)
 * Human Genome Project (October 1997; JSR-97-315)
 * Small Scale Propulsion: Fly on the Wall, Cockroach in the Corner, Rat in the Basement, Bird in the Sky (September 1997; JSR-97-135)
 * Subcritical Experiments (March 1997; JSR-97-300)
 * New Technological Approaches to Humanitarian Demining, November 1996; JSR-96-115)
 * Quantum Computing (July 1996; JSR-95-115)
 * Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Review (March 1996; JSR-96-300)
 * DNA Computing (October 1995; JSR-95-116)
 * JASON Nuclear Testing Study: Summary and Conclusions, August 1995; JSR-95-320)
 * Accelerator production of tritium - 1995 review (June 1995; JSR-95-310)
 * Accelerator based conversion of plutonium (March 1995; JSR-94-310)
 * Microsurveillance of the Urban Battlefield (February 1995; JSR-95-125)
 * JASON Nuclear Testing Study: Summary and Conclusions (1995; JSR-95-320)
 * Jason Final Report, January 1995; JSR-94-105)
 * LIDAR (September 1994; JSR-93-310)
 * Science based stockpile stewardship (November 1994; JSR-94-345)
 * Counter proliferation /draft/ (August 1994; JSR-94-140)
 * MTPE /draft/ (August 1994; JSR-94-750)
 * ARM /draft/ (July 1994; JSR-94-300)
 * greenhouse mitigation (May 1994; JSR-93-340)
 * Underwater explosions ONR/DNA/NAVSEA /draft/ (January 1994; JSR-94-220)
 * Clouds and radiation – a premier [sic] (January 1993; JSR-90-307)
 * Verification of dismantlement of nuclear warheads and controls on nuclear materials (January 1993; JSR-92-331)
 * Small satellites and RPVs (January 1993; JSR-91-197)
 * SCHAMMP (Dec 1992; JSR-91-310)
 * JASON Global Grid Study (July 1992; JSR-92-100)
 * ARM review 1991 /draft/ (September 30, 1991; JSR-91-300)
 * Small satellite and RPAs in global change research /draft/ (August 1991; JSR-91-330-12)
 * Small Satellites (August 3, 1991; JSR-91-330-10)
 * ARM /draft/ (July 1991; JSR-91-300)
 * Verification Technology: Unclassified Version (October 1990; JSR-89-100A)
 * High gain arrays /draft/ (July 1990; JSR-90-210)
 * Detecting the greenhouse signal (May 1990; JSR-89-330)
 * JASON Review of Brilliant Pebbles, Vol. I, Executive Summary (September 1989; JSR-89-900)
 * Neutrino Detection Primer (March 1988; JSR-84-105)
 * Airships (1988; JSR-88-230)
 * Occultation study summary (February 1987; JSR-86-108)
 * JASON study on OTHB radars (1987; JSR-87-801)
 * Development stability of strategic defenses (October 1986; JSR-85-926)
 * Submarine detection: Acoustic contrast versus Acoustic glow (July 1985; JSR-85-108)
 * Seismic discrimination (April 1985 ; JSR-84-117)
 * SEASAT Report (January 1985; JSR-83-203)
 * Multiple scattering effects in radar observations of wakes (August 1984; JSR-84-203B)
 * SEASAT III & IV (August 1984; JSR-84-203)
 * SEASAT Report (March 1984; JSR-83-203)
 * The Long Term Impact of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Climate: preliminary report (1979) JSR-78-07 and (1980) JSR-79-04; more fully published as MacDonald et al., (1982)
 * Sonic Boom Report (November 1978; JSR-78-09)
 * Laser Propulsion Study (Summer 1977; JSR-77-12)
 * Low frequency sound propagation in a fluctuating infinite ocean II (June 1975; JSR-74-6)
 * Low frequency sound propagation in a fluctuating infinite ocean (April 1974; JSR-73-10)
 * The effect of surface currents on the equilibrium surface wave spectral energy density (October 1973; JSR-73-2)
 * Collected working papers on internal—surface wave interactions and related problems (August 2, 1972; JASON-72-Working Paper no.33)
 * Internal Wave-Surface Wave Interactions Revisited (March 1972; Paper P-853)
 * Wake Collapse in a Stratified Fluid: Linear Treatment (September 1971; Paper P-816)
 * Report of the 1971 JASON Laser Summer Study. Volume I. Recommendations and Conclusions (1971)
 * Report of the 1971 JASON Laser Summer Study. Volume II. Supporting Appendices A-M (1971)
 * Generation and Airborne Detection of Internal Waves from an Object Moving through a Stratified Ocean, Vol II (April 1969; S-334)
 * Oil Pollution in the Sea: Problems for Future Work (June 1968, Paper P-432)
 * Tactical Nuclear Weapons in Southeast Asia(March 1967; S-266)
 * Air-Supported Anti-Infiltration Barrier (August 1966; S-255)
 * Manned Barrier Systems: A Preliminary Study (August 1966; Paper P-322)
 * Air-Sown Mines for the Massive Barrier (August 1966; Paper P-315)
 * Late Stage of Rayleigh-Taylor Instability (August 1961)

Archival collections

 * Richard L. Garwin nuclear arms control and disarmament collection, 1963-2011, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
 * Richard L. Garwin addition to nuclear arms control and disarmament collection, 1967-2003, Niels Bohr Library & Archives

title: JASON (advisory group)


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User talk:Coolioeditor

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -  BanyanTree 19:17, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Coolioeditor


text: File:SkiDip.jpg

title: File:SkiDip.jpg


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Anglo-Saxon model

The Anglo-Saxon model (so called because it is practiced in Anglosphere countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Ireland ) is a regulated market-based economic model that emerged in the 1970s based on the Chicago school of economics, spearheaded in the 1980s in the United States by the economics of then President Ronald Reagan (dubbed Reaganomics), and reinforced in the United Kingdom by then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (dubbed Thatcherism). However, its origins are said to date to the 18th century in the United Kingdom and the ideas of the classical economist Adam Smith.

Characteristics of this model include low levels of regulation and taxation, with the public sector providing minimal services. It also means strong private property rights, contract enforcement, and overall ease of doing business as well as low barriers to free trade.

Disagreements over meaning
Proponents of the term "Anglo-Saxon economy" argue that the economies of these countries currently are so closely related in their liberal and free market orientation that they can be regarded as sharing a specific macroeconomic model. However, those who disagree with the use of the term claim that the economies of these countries differ as much from each other as they do from the so-called "welfare capitalist" economies of northern and continental Europe.

The Anglo-Saxon model of capitalism is usually contrasted with the Continental model of capitalism, known as Rhine capitalism, the social market economy or the German model, but it is also contrasted with Northern-European models of capitalism found in the Nordic countries, called the Nordic model. The major difference between these economies from Anglo-Saxon economies is the scope of collective bargaining rights and corporatist policies. Differences between Anglo-Saxon economies are illustrated by taxation and the welfare state. The United Kingdom has a significantly higher level of taxation than the United States. Moreover, the United Kingdom spends far more than the United States on the welfare state as a percentage of GDP and also spends more than Spain, Portugal, or the Netherlands. This spending figure is still considerably lower than that of France or Germany.

In northern continental Europe, most countries use mixed economy models, called Rhine capitalism (a current term used especially for the macroeconomics of Germany, France, Belgium and the Netherlands), or its close relative the Nordic model (which refers to the macroeconomics of Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland).

The debate amongst economists as to which economic model is better, circles around perspectives involving poverty, job insecurity, social services and inequality. Generally speaking, advocates of Anglo-Saxon model argue that more liberalized economies produce greater overall prosperity while defenders of continental models counter that they produce lesser inequality and lesser poverty at the lowest margins.

The rise of China has brought into focus the relevance of an alternate economic model which has helped propel the economy of China for thirty years since its opening up in 1978. The socialist market economy or a system based on what is called "socialism with Chinese characteristics". A confident China is increasingly offering it as an alternate development model to the Anglo-Saxon model to emerging economies in Africa and Asia.

History of Anglo-Saxon model
The Anglo-Saxon model came out in the 1970s from the Chicago School of Economics. The return to economic liberalism in the Anglo-Saxon countries is explained by the failure of Keynesian economic management to control the stagflation in the 1970s and early 1980s The Anglo-Saxon model was made from the ideas of Friedman and the Chicago School economists and the conventional wisdom of pre-Keynesian, liberal economic ideas which stated that success in fighting inflation is dependent on managing the money supply whilst efficiency in the utilization of resources and that unrestricted markets are the most efficient for this goal of combating inflation.

By the end of the 1970s the British post-war economic model was in trouble. After Labour failed to solve the problems it was left to Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives to reverse Britain's economic decline. During Thatcher's second term in office the nature of the British economy and its society started to change. Marketization, privatization and the deliberate diminishing of the remnants of the post-war social-democratic model were all affected by the American ideas. The Thatcher era revived British social and economic thinking. It did not entail wholesale import of American ideas and practices, so the British shift to the right did not cause the any real convergence toward American socio-economic norms. However, with time the British approach, that European economies should be inspired by the success of the United States, built an ideological proximity with the United States. After a process of transferring policy from the United States, it became apparent that a distinctive Anglo-Saxon economic model was forming.

Types of Anglo-Saxon economic models
According to some researchers, not all liberal economics models are created equally. There are different sub-types and variations among countries that practice Anglo-Saxon model. One of these variations is neo-classical economic liberalism exhibited in American and British economies. The underlying assumption of this variation is that the inherent selfishness of individuals is transferred by the self-regulating market into general economic well-being, known as the invisible hand. In neo-classical economic liberalism, competitive markets should function as equilibrating mechanisms, which deliver both economic welfare and distributive justice. One of the main aims of the economic liberalism in the United States and United Kingdom, which was significantly influenced by Friedrich Hayek's ideas, is that government should regulate economic activity; but the state should not get involved as economic actor.

The other variation of economic liberalism is "balanced model" or ‘ordoliberalism’ (the concept is from the concept of ‘ordo’, the Latin word for ‘order’). Ordoliberalism means an ideal economic system which would be more well ordered than the laissez-faire economy supported by classical liberals. After the 1929 Stock Market Crash and Great Depression, the German Freiburg School's intellectuals argued that to ensure that market functions effectively, government should undertake an active role, backed by a strong legal system and suitable regulatory framework. They claimed that without strong government private interests would undercut competition in the system which is characterized by differences in relative power. Ordoliberals thought that liberalism (the freedom of individuals to compete in markets) and laissez-faire (the freedom of markets from government intervention) should be separated. Walter Eucken, the founding father and one of the most influential representatives of the Freiburg School, condemned classical laissez-faire liberalism for its ‘naturalistic naivety.’ Eucken states that the market and competition can only exist if economic order is created by a strong state. The power of government should be clearly determined, but in its area in which the state plays a role, the state has to be active and powerful. For ordoliberals, the right kind of government is the solution of the problem. Alexander Rüstow claimed that government should refrain from getting too engaged in markets. He was against protectionism, subsidies or cartels. However, he suggested limited interventionism should be allowed as long as it went "in the direction of the market’s laws." Another difference between two variations is that ordoliberals saw the main enemy of free society in monopolies instead of the state. It is hard to empirically show a direct influence of the history of ordoliberalism on Australia or Canada. However, economic liberalism in Australia and Canada resembles German ordoliberalism much more than neo-classical liberalism of the US and UK. Differing interpretations of the Anglo-Saxon economic school of thought and, especially different justifications and perceptions of state intervention in the economy, led to policy differences within these countries. Then these policies continued and influenced the relationship between the public and private sectors. For example, in the United States, the state enforces notably lower tax rates than in the United Kingdom. In addition, the government of the United Kingdom invests more money proportionately on welfare programs and social services than the government of the United States.

title: Anglo-Saxon model


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Talk:Reprobation

Expansion request
The first paragraph there is confusing "reprobation" with "double-predestination" (a facet of hyper-calvinism).

I added a request for expansion. This is an important theological topic for the understanding of Calvinism which, though I don't agree with all of it, is surely one of the great schools of Christian thought. The page needs work! KHM03 19:21, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I've taken a shot at expansion by adding explanation from Boettner which I feel is helpful and to the point. I also added some external links and a few internal wiki-links.  It's a start.  Regards, Jim Ellis July 6, 2005 19:25 (UTC)

 * First paragraph fixed a bit due to above complaints. I agree that this is often confused with hyper-Calvinism. Obiwanjacoby (talk) 06:24, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

I added some "opposition" material, though it is pretty much just Wesley. At some point, I will need to add (or someone will need to add) Biblical passages and perspectives from other theologians & traditions. It's a start, at any rate. KHM03 17:52, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

I don't believe "opposition material" is appropriate here, as it does nothing to clarify reprobation. Perhaps your talents could be used over on the holocaust page to sum up the neo-Nazis' denial. Your addition would be rather like me vandalizing the Wesley page using this page as a source, as well as the election page to show valid opposition to Wesley's heresies.This opposition should be removed, and your proselytizing be limited to the methodist pages.12.214.209.168 23:24, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

It is perfectly legitimate to include a summary of Christian criticisms of reprobation on a page devoted to this subject. It is no more 'proselytizing' than presenting the definition of reprobation is 'evangelizing' for Calvinism. My one suggestion would be that alternatives to a Wesleyan view should be presented, and there is plenty of material in the history of the Church before Wesley or Arminius to support this - the early Church Fathers, for example. 131.111.220.6 (talk) 19:01, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

Further developments
IMHO, this section is irredeemable. It misunderstands both double predestination and hyper-calvinism. It contradicts the Predestination (Calvinism) article. Considering the current errors, it needs to be deleted: The rest is lifted straight from R. C. Sproul, but his article is referred to in Predestination (Calvinism), anyway. The whole thing's got to go. StAnselm 13:46, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
 * synonym for a symmetrical view of predestination - if it's used like that, that would be erroneous
 * Such a view makes God the author of sin - that's debatable
 * universally rejected by Reformed thinkers - no citation

9/11 reference seems to not fit.
The reference of Bush's statement about 9/11 hijackers doesn't fit the context of a reprobate, because the hijackers felt they were doing a noble deed by the standards of their world. Of course in our world it's heinous and senseless, but that has little bearing on the mindset of the perpetrators. I just thought I'd explain why I removed it. Cheers!Batvette (talk) 09:42, 8 August 2010 (UTC)

Reprobation before Calvin
Reprobation was discussed centuries before Calvin. This article needs to take stock of that fact. I would do it, but it's not going to happen any time soon. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.11.75.129 (talk) 02:01, 23 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reprobation


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Talk:Flight of the Cosmic Hippo

<^>v!!This album is connected!!v<^>

 * All song titles serve as redirects to this album, have their own pages, or have been placed at the appropriate disambiguation pages.--Hraefen Talk 20:08, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Flight of the Cosmic Hippo


text: Talk:UFO Tofu

title: Talk:UFO Tofu


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Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-05-30/Features and admins

In the push to cite sources, participants in the featured article process continue to debate best practices for providing references in articles. Meanwhile, a new type of featured content—featured lists—has been created in the past two weeks, with criteria modeled on the existing featured article requirements. There are also 14 new featured articles, 10 new featured pictures, and 5 new administrators.

Featured lists
First came featured articles, then featured pictures, and now, featured lists. In the past, list articles have been nominated as featured article candidates, but rejected because they did not contain sufficient prose explanation. Filiocht proposed that lists should form a new category of featured content, alongside articles and pictures. Filiocht's idea quickly generated discussion about whether or not lists were featurable, and if they were, what the featured list guidelines should be. Others suggested that collections of content such as categories might also be featurable, but this idea faced more opposition.

Filiocht based the new featured list requirements on the criteria for featured articles, and the list requirements were amended and improved by ALoan and Dmcdevit, mandating that all featured lists be examples of the Wikipedia's best work by being useful, comprehensive, factually accurate, stable, and well-organized. Images are recommended, but are not required. To be promoted, consensus must be reached that a candidate list meets these standards, with at least four votes of support within 14 days. Discussion continues over the acceptable number of red links in a list; as some point out, a list of red links is not helpful for the reader, but conversely, red links encourage editors to add to Wikipedia's coverage. To date, no lists have been featured, but eight are currently candidates.

Featured articles
Discussion related to featured articles has lately focused on referencing and citations. A number of users have expressed a desire to see more stringent inline citation requirements for featured articles, but others are not pleased with the current methods, pointing out that they are not useful for the user or make the article too difficult to read.

Also being discussed is the increasing use of subarticles and how references on such articles should be included. Some suggested that the references from the main article be used, but others pointed out that that would require a rereading of the references to verify that their contents did indeed confirm the specific section of the main article. Another suggestion was formally referencing the main article in the subarticle, but this suggestion faced strong objection from several wikipedians.

Among the 14 total articles promoted were two by prolific featured content authors Maveric149 and Filiocht (History of the Grand Canyon area and Imagism, respectively). Imagism was lauded for its eloquence and excellent research, causing at least one user to wonder if Filiocht is a famous author outside of Wikipedia. Myxobolus cerebralis, Tamil people, Military history of Puerto Rico and Whale song also received abundant support, while others, like Habsburg Spain and Papal Tiara, were subject to more extensive discussion before promotion.

From earliest to most recent, the newly featured articles are: Welding, History of the Grand Canyon area, Imagism, Blue Whale, Dawson's Creek, Papal Tiara, WGA screenwriting credit system, Whale song, Military history of Puerto Rico, Hero of Belarus, Habsburg Spain, Grunge music, Tamil people, and Myxobolus cerebralis.

Featured article removal candidates Goa and Java programming language were both kept. The POV problems in Goa were largely judged to be insufficient cause to remove its featured status, and Java programming language improved greatly during the voting process. Currently, Computer security, Copyright, Mahatma Gandhi, and Nuclear weapon face having their featured status removed.

Featured pictures
10 pictures were featured, and Gold Coast (from The Spit) survived the featured picture removal process.

Admins
Following votes on Request for adminship, five users were made admins in the past two weeks—Clarkk, Arcadian, Wiglaf, Evil Monkey, and Oven Fresh. Clarkk and Evil Monkey were promoted unanimously, while the others faced some opposition, either by users with specific adminship criteria or by users with concerns about insufficient experience.

Also this week: Official positions — Time article — Rock rat — Election — Features — Vandal fighting — Substubs, templates — Trophy — T.R.O.L.L.


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Category:Esperantido

An Esperantido is a language derived in some fashion from Esperanto.

title: Category:Esperantido


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Parody religion

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:49, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Parody religion
non notable 198.214.51.1 19:24, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong Keep parody religions are numerous and interesting. It's virtually a sub-genre of comedy - lostsocks
 * Keep. There are enough of them out there.  Smerdis of Tlön 22:08, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep extremely notable -CunningLinguist 22:34, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep My concern is where to draw the line between parody and real religions. --Xcali 23:59, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep - creating parodies of religions is a concept with an ancient pedigree. -- BD2412  talk  00:51, 2005 May 30 (UTC)
 * Keep. Article is a good summary and notable topic. Capitalistroadster 03:11, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Quite a nice article so far, don't understand the nomination at all.  -- Un  focused  04:09, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep there are many of these out there. Revolución 04:19, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep legitimate topic. carmeld1 00:04, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep agree with Revolución Falphin 19:51, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, unless we are going to delete Religion.     22:36, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Bat (goddess)

Bat is a cow goddess in Egyptian mythology who was depicted as a human face with cow ears and horns or as a woman. Evidence of the worship of Bat exists from the earliest records of the religious practices in ancient Egypt. By the time of the Middle Kingdom, after the unification of Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, her identity and attributes were subsumed within that of the goddess Hathor, a similar goddess worshipped in another nome. The imagery of Bat persisted throughout the history of ancient Egypt on the sistrum, a sacred instrument that remained associated with religious practices.

Worship
The worship of Bat dates to earliest times in ancient Egypt and may have its origins in Late Paleolithic cattle herding cultures. Bat was the chief goddess of Seshesh, otherwise known as Hu or Diospolis Parva, the 7th nome of Upper Egypt.

Name
The epithet, Bat, may be linked to the word ba with the feminine suffix 't'. A person's ba roughly equates to one's personality or emanation and often is translated as 'soul'.

Depictions in ancient Egyptian culture
Although it was rare for Bat to be clearly depicted in painting or sculpture, some notable artifacts (such as the upper portions of the Narmer Palette) include depictions of the goddess in bovine form. In other instances she was pictured as a celestial bovine creature surrounded by stars, or as a woman. More commonly, Bat was depicted on amulets, with a human face, but with bovine features, such as the ears of a cow and the inward-curving horns of the type of cattle first herded by the Egyptians.

Bat became strongly associated with the sistrum and the center of her cult was known as the "Mansion of the Sistrum". The sistrum is an ankh-shaped musical instrument, which was one of the most frequently used sacred instruments in ancient Egyptian temples. Some instruments would include depictions of Bat, with her head and neck as the handle and base and with its rattles placed between her horns. The imagery is repeated on each side of the instrument, having two faces, as mentioned in the Pyramid Texts:.
 * I am Praise; I am Majesty; I am Bat with Her Two Faces; I am the One Who Is Saved, and I have saved myself from all things evil.

Relation to Hathor
The imagery of Bat as a divine cow was remarkably similar to that of Hathor, a parallel goddess from another nome. In two dimensional images, both goddesses often are depicted straight on, facing the onlooker and not in profile in accordance with the characteristic Egyptian convention. The significant difference in their depictions is that the horns of Bat curve inward and those of Hathor curve outward slightly. It is possible that this could be based in the different breeds of cattle herded at different times.

Hathor's cult center was in the 6th Nome of Upper Egypt, adjacent to the 7th nome where Bat was the cow goddess, which may indicate that once they were the same goddess in Predynastic Egypt. By the Middle Kingdom, the cult of Hathor had again absorbed that of Bat in a manner similar to other mergers in the Egyptian pantheon.

title: Bat (goddess)