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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lourdes Ciccone

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - should be merged - SimonP 19:41, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Lourdes Ciccone
Substub. All that can be said about young Ms. Ciccone is that she sprouted from Madonna's womb, and has barely had a chance to do anything notable. — Gwalla
 * Keep. Lourdes Ciccone is already 8 years old. I also think that this article is more important than Madonna on Letterman and Madonna Kiss.Vorash 02:03, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC) Merge and redirect - is not good ,because Madonna's article is already overloaded with info. Vorash 11:08, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC) If article will be kept, i will expand it. Vorash 15:36, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * So what has this child done in those 8 years to meet the WP:BIO criteria? Uncle G 02:55, 2005 Jun 6 (UTC)
 * Redirect: This is an old, old issue. Redirect to the mother, who has enough coverage. Geogre 03:06, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to her mother. (Lourdes, btw, seems to have assumed the surname of her mother's ex-boyfriend (her father), so perhaps we need a redirect to mom from Lourdes Leon - or Lourdes Ritchie if a surname change follows the assumption of fatherly duties by mom's husband.) - Nunh-huh 03:11, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. RickK 04:15, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to her mother. Lourdes gets enough mention in the press that it is reasonable that a Wikipedia user would enter the name for more info.  The Madonna page should be the correct destination.Tobycat 04:39, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonnotable, fancruft. --Angr/undefined 06:14, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to mother, only notable due to Madonna's fame. -- Consumed Crustacean | Talk | 06:29, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect any useful info to Madonna. Mgm|(talk) 10:08, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Madonna (entertainer). JamesBurns 10:41, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I normally don't try to keep relative-of-someone-famous articles, but come on: at age 8 she's already attracted more press attention than probably 99.99% of the folks we have articles on.  Virtually everyone in the civilized world has heard of her at least once, and fame like that, regardless of its reason, deserves an article. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:02, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Commenting... but a seperate article? A redirect or something could serve fine. As for "Virtually everyone...", that's a very presumptious thing to say. Many of us don't watch those stupid celebrity "news" shows. -- Consumed Crustacean | Talk | 00:40, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Madonna. I hate not simply deleting this one, but I don't control the celebrity-obsessed media.   Un  focused  12:20, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The child gets enough attention, having done anything or not, to be notable. Secondly, the Madonna article is too busy and huge and this is a valid sub-page. SchmuckyTheCat 14:16, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Currently this is a single line article, and has been since creation. A single line won't expand the Madonna article appreciably.  When it develops into a full section, the redirect can be expanded, wouldn't you agree?  -- Un  focused  14:59, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This is a single line article, only because it's a candidate for "deletion".If it will be kept, i will expand it.Vorash 15:04, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. We are not E! News or Access Hollywood, and media coverage is not the sole barometer of notability. Encyclopedic notability, in my mind, rests on two axioms: achievement and recognition. Henry Procter is an example of someone with noteworthy (though mostly negative) achievement, while someone like Paris Hilton or even Terry Schiavo has recognition without achievement (although not terribly notable of themselves, circumstances or family and circumstances have made them so).  This person lacks achievement, and her recognition is solely due to being born the child of Madonna. --Scimitar 15:29, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect. This doesn't need an article. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 19:53, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename & Redirect - definitely doesn't merit her own article now, but like it or not the very fact that she's Madonna's kid is notable in itself...however, per Nunh-huh, rename the redirect to Lourdes Leon. StopTheFiling 22:23, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to her mother's article. --Carnildo 22:57, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Redirect to Madonna. We can give Lourdes her her own page when she does something outrageous enough to match her mama. Denni ☯ 03:14, 2005 Jun 7 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Madonna. How many celebrity children are there? -- Silversmith Hewwo 20:06, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect -- to Madonna. - Longhair | Talk 16:16, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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List of high schools in Puerto Rico

This is a list of high schools in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Adjuntas Municipality

 * José Emilio Lugo High School

Aguada Municipality

 * Escuela Superior Arsenio Martínez
 * Escuela Superior Dr. Carlos González

Aguadilla Municipality
(Interamericana)
 * First Bilingual Preparatory School
 * Benito Cerezo Vázquez
 * Colegio San Carlos
 * Liceo Aguadillano
 * Juan Suárez Pelegrina
 * Vocacional Salvador Fuentes
 * Colegio Corpus Christi
 * Ramey High School
 * Carib Christian School
 * Advanced Bilingual School
 * Academia Adventista
 * Escuela Antolina Velez
 * Friedrich Froebel Bilingual School

Aguas Buenas Municipality

 * Josefa Pastrana School
 * Escuela Urbana De Aguas Buenas

Aibonito Municipality

 * Dr. José N. Gándara School

Añasco Municipality

 * Luis Muñoz Marín School
 * Sergio Ramírez de Arellano-Hostos Regional Bilingual Secondary School

Arecibo Municipality

 * Abelardo Martínez Otero School
 * Academia Adventista del Norte
 * Colegio San Felipe
 * Dra. María Cadilla De Martínez Urban Community High School
 * Hogar Colegio La Milagrosa hclmpr.com
 * Superior Vocacional Antonio Lucchetti
 * Trina Padilla De Sanz School

Arroyo Municipality

 * Carmen Bozello De Huyke School - La High de Arroyo
 * Natividad Rodriguez - New High School

Barceloneta Municipality

 * Fernando Suria Chávez School
 * Academia Nuestra Señora de Fátima

Barranquitas Municipality

 * Luis Muñoz Marín School, Código escolar : 26021
 * Pablo Colón Berdecía School, Código escolar:

Bayamón Municipality

 * Academia Claret
 * Academia Discípulos de Cristo
 * Agustín Stahl High School
 * Academia Santo Tomás de Aquino Superior
 * Agustín Stahl School
 * American School
 * Antilles High School, Fort Buchanan
 * Avanze 2000 ( Wilma Chavez)
 * Bayamón Military Academy (B.M.A.)
 * Baldwin School
 * Colegio Adazul
 * Cacique Agüeybaná Superior School
 * Colegio Beato Carlos Manuel Rodríguez (Antigua Escuela Superior Católica)
 * Colegio Hostosiano de Puerto Rico
 * Colegio De La Salle
 * Colegio Luterano Santísima Trinidad
 * Colegio Nelson Velázquez
 * Colegio Nuestra Señora del Rosario
 * Colegio Pedro "EL GALLERO" Flores
 * Colegio Sagrada Familia
 * Colegio San Agustín
 * Colegio Santa Rosa Superior
 * Colegio Santiago Apóstol
 * Escuela Ecológica Siglo XXI Dr. José Antonio Dávila
 * Emadrian Bilingual School
 * es:Escuela especializada en bellas artes Pablo Casals
 * Miguel De Cervantes Saavedra School
 * Miguel Meléndez Muñoz School
 * Papa Juan XXIII (23) School
 * Pedro P. Casablanca School
 * Puerto Rico Advancement College (PRACI)
 * Rexville Superior School
 * Tomás C. Ongay School

Cabo Rojo Municipality

 * Monserrate León de Irizarry High School
 * Colegio San Agustín
 * Cabo Rojo Christian Academy
 * Inés María Mendoza High School
 * Luiz Munoz marin
 * Colberg

Caguas Municipality

 * Colegio Católico Notre Dame
 * Academia Cristo de los Milagros
 * Caguas Military Academy
 * Colegio Bautista de Caguas
 * Colegio San José de Villa Blanca
 * Colegio San Juan Apóstol
 * Colegio Santa Rosa Superior
 * Dr. Juan José Osuna School
 * Felipe Rivera Centeno School
 * Colegio Kiany
 * José Gautier Benítez
 * Manuela Toro Morice
 * New Generation Christian Academy (formerly, Colegio Las Americas)
 * Thomas Alva Edison School
 * Caguas Private School
 * Eloisa Pascual
 * Escuela Vocacional-Rep de Costa Rica
 * Esc. Felix A Gonzalez

Camuy Municipality

 * Luis F. (Pipo) Crespo High School
 * Pablo Avila Superior School (Old High School)
 * Santiago R. Palmer Superior School

Canóvanas Municipality

 * Antonio R. Barceló School
 * Colegio Nuestra Señora del Pilar
 * Eduardo García Carrillo School
 * Georgina Baquero School
 * Luis Hernáiz Veronne School

Carolina Municipality

 * Academia del Carmen
 * Academia Presbiteriana
 * Ángel P. Millán Rohena School
 * Carlos F. Daniels Vocacional De Área School
 * Carvin School, Inc.
 * Calvary Baptist Christian School
 * C.I.E.M. (Centro de Instrucción y Educación Moderna) Private School
 * Colegio Bautista
 * Colegio De Diego De Carolina
 * Colegio María Auxiliadora
 * Colegio Luterano Resurrección
 * Colegio Miguel García
 * Colegio Nuestra Señora de Lourdes
 * Colegio Santa Gema
 * Dr. José M. Lázaro School
 * Fountain Christian Bilingual School
 * Gilberto Concepción De Gracia School
 * Lola Rodríguez De Tió School
 * Lorenzo Vizcarrondo School
 * Luz América Calderón School
 * Manuel Febres González School
 * Saint Francis School
 * Jesús María Sanromá School
 * Colegio Cervantes

Cataño Municipality

 * Francisco Oller School

Cayey Municipality

 * Benjamin Harrison School
 * Academia La Milagrosa
 * Colegio Radians
 * Miguel Meléndez Muñoz High School
 * Colegio La Merced

Ceiba Municipality

 * Santiago Iglesias Pantín School

Ciales Municipality

 * Colegio Nuestra Señora del Rosario
 * Juan A. Corretjer School

Cidra Municipality

 * Ana J. Candelas School
 * Luis Muñoz Iglesias
 * Superior Vocacional
 * Escuela Especializada Bilingüe

Coamo Municipality

 * Colegio Nuestra Señora de Valvanera
 * José Felipe Zayas School
 * Ramón José Dávila School

Comerío Municipality

 * Juana Colón School
 * Escuela Superior Vocacional Antolín Santos Negrón

Corozal Municipality

 * Colegio Sagrada Familia
 * Emilio R. Delgado School
 * Porfirio Cruz García School
 * Escuela Manuel Bou Gali

Culebra Municipality

 * Antonio R. Barceló School

Dorado Municipality

 * Dorado Academy
 * José S. Alegría High School
 * T.A.S.I.S. (The American School In Switzerland) Dorado

Fajardo Municipality

 * Ana Delia Flores Superior Vocacional School
 * Colegio Santiago Apóstol
 * Vanguard Christian Academy
 * Dr. Santiago Véve Calzada School
 * Escuela Evangélica Unida de Fajardo
 * Fajardo Community Private School
 * Colegio Sonifel
 * Fajardo Academy

Florida Municipality

 * Juan Ponce De León II School

Guánica Municipality

 * Aurea E. Quiles High School
 * Escuela Franklin D. Roosevelt (superior)
 * Escuela Beata Imelda (Privada Catolica)

Guayama Municipality

 * Escuela Especializada en Ciencias y Matemáticas Genaro Cautiño Vazquez
 * Adela Brenes Texidor School
 * Colegio San Antonio
 * Dr. Rafael López Landrón School
 * Escuela de La Comunidad Oscar Hernández Guevara
 * Francisco García Boyrie School
 * Guamani Private School
 * San Alfonso de Ligorio Catholic High School
 * San Antonio Academy
 * Mid-wood High School of Brooklyn
 * Academia Adventista del sur
 * Saint Patrick Bilingual School

Guayanilla Municipality

 * Arístides Cales Quiros School
 * Asunción Rodríguez De Sala School
 * Francisco Rodríguez López High School

Guaynabo Municipality

 * Academia San José
 * American Military Academy
 * Colegio Adianez
 * Colegio Jesucristo Rey de Reyes
 * Colegio Marista Guaynabo
 * Colegio Nuestra Sra. de Belén
 * Colegio Puertorriqueño de Niñas (C.P.N.)
 * Colegio Rosa Bell
 * Colegio Sagrados Corazones
 * Colegio San Pedro Mártir de Verona
 * Escuela Mercedes Morales
 * Escuela Rosalina C. Martínez
 * Fowlers Academy
 * Josefina Barceló High School
 * Margarita Janer High School
 * Commonwealth-Parkville School
 * Wesleyan Academy

Gurabo Municipality

 * Colegio San Ignacio
 * Dra. Conchita Cuevas School
 * American Academy

Hatillo Municipality

 * Colegio Evangélico Capitán Correa
 * Academia Interamericana De Arecibo
 * Colegio Nuestra Señora Del Carmen
 * Lorenzo Coballes Gandía School
 * Padre Aníbal Reyes Belén School

Hormigueros Municipality

 * Segundo Ruiz Belvis

Humacao Municipality

 * Ana Roqué De Duprey School
 * Colegio del Perpetuo Socorro
 * Colegio San Antonio Abad
 * Eastern Bilingual School
 * The Palmas Academy - Palmas del Mar
 * Petra Mercado Bougart School
 * Superior Vocacional Manuel Mediavilla Negron School
 * Su Agapito Lopez Flores
 * La Carlos Rivera Ufret

Isabela Municipality

 * Dr. Heriberto Domenech School
 * Francisco Mendoza School
 * Colegio de Aprendizaje Integral Cristiano
 * Escuela Especializada en Bellas Artes
 * Montclaire
 * Colegio San Antonio

Jayuya Municipality

 * Josefina León Zayas School

Juana Díaz Municipality

 * Carmen Belén Veiga School
 * Dr. Máximo Donoso Sánchez School
 * Josefa Cangiano Toro School
 * Luis Lloréns Torres School

Juncos Municipality
AAFET
 * Isabel Flores School
 * José Collazo Colón School
 * Alfonso Dias Lebron

Lajas Municipality

 * Leonides Morales Rodríguez School

Lares Municipality

 * Domingo Aponte Collazo School
 * Gabriela Mistral School
 * Ramón de Jesús Sierra
 * S.U. Bartolo School

Las Marías Municipality

 * Escuela Superior Eva y Patria Custodio

Las Piedras Municipality

 * Escuela Superior Vocacional Ramón Power Y Giralt
 * Escuela Superior Florencia García
 * Colegio Superior Rubí

Loíza Municipality

 * Carlos Escobar Lopez School
 * Superior Vocacional de Loíza

Luquillo Municipality

 * Isidro A Sánchez Escuela Superior

Manatí Municipality

 * Academia Cristiana de Manatí
 * Academia Discípulos de Cristo
 * Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepción
 * Colegio Marista
 * Fernando Callejo School
 * Jesús T. Piñero
 * José A Montanez Genaro School
 * Juan S. Marchand
 * Juan A. Sánchez Dávila
 * Petra Corretjer De O'Neill School
 * Piaget Bilingual Academy

Maricao Municipality
Escuela Raul Ybarra Escuela Superior Urbana

Maunabo Municipality

 * Alfonso Casta Martínez School

Mayagüez Municipality

 * Academia Adventista del Oeste
 * Academia Inmaculada Concepción
 * C.R.O.E.M. (Centro Residencial de Oportunidades Educativas de Mayagüez) School
 * Colegio de La Milagrosa
 * Colegio Presbiteriano Pablo Casasus
 * Colegio San Benito
 * Dr. Pedro Perea Fajardo School
 * Eugenio María De Hostos School
 * José De Diego Superior School
 * PRACI Oeste (Puerto Rico Advancement College)
 * S.E.S.O. (Southwestern Educational Society)
 * Colegio Episcopal San Andrés

Moca Municipality

 * Marcelino Rodríguez School
 * Nueva Escuela Superior School

Morovis Municipality

 * Escuela Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz

Naguabo Municipality

 * Juan José Maunez School
 * Rafael Rocca High School

Naranjito Municipality

 * Francisco Morales High School
 * Vocacional New High School
 * Academia Santa Teresita

Orocovis Municipality

 * José Rojas Cortés School

Peñuelas Municipality

 * Urbana (Nueva) Superior School
 * Maria Teresa Umbridge Academy

Ponce Municipality

 * Academia Adventista del Sur
 * Academia Alexandra
 * Academia Cristo Rey
 * Academia Santa María Reina
 * Academia Ponce Interamericana
 * Colegio CEDAS
 * Colegio del Sagrado Corazón
 * Colegio Episcopal Santísima Trinidad
 * Colegio La Milagrosa
 * Colegio Mercedario San Judas Tadeo
 * Colegio Ponceño
 * Colegio San Conrado
 * Colegio Sagrada Familia
 * Dr. Alfredo M. Aguayo High School (Ponce Playa; closed)
 * Escuela de Bellas Artes (Calle Lolita Tizol; grades 1 thru 12)
 * Escuela Especializada en Ciencias y Matematicas Thomas Armstrong Toro
 * Escuela Especializada Ramón Marín (Special Education; includes grades 1 thru 12)
 * Escuela Libre de Música (Calle Lolita Tizol; grades 1 thru 12)
 * Escuela Superior Bethzaida Velazquez Andujar (in Urb. Las Delicias)
 * Escuela Superior Dr. Manuel de la Pila Iglesias
 * Escuela Superior Jardines de Ponce
 * Escuela Superior Juan Serrallés (Barrio Coto Laurel)
 * Escuela Superior Lila Mayoral Wirshing (Barrio El Tuque)
 * Escuela Superior Vocacional Bernardino Cordero Bernard
 * Instituto de Música Juan Morel Campos (grades 7 thru 12)
 * Family Christian Academy
 * Fountain Christian Bilingual School
 * Liceo Ponceño
 * Ponce Christian Academy
 * Ponce High School

Quebradillas Municipality

 * Juan Alejo de Arizmendi School
 * Manuel Ramos Hernández Superior School

Rincón Municipality

 * Manuel García Pérez (Nueva) School

Río Grande Municipality

 * Superior Casiano Cepeda
 * Superior Urbana Pedro Falú Orellano
 * Academia Cristiana Canaán
 * Academia Regional Adventista del Este
 * Colegio Nuestra Señora del Carmen
 * Colegio Bautista Rosa De Sarón
 * The Kingdom Christian Academy

Sabana Grande Municipality

 * Academia Adventista del Suroeste
 * Academia San Agustin Espiritu Santo
 * Escuela Superior Luis Negrón López

Salinas Municipality

 * Albergue Olímpico School
 * Stella Márquez School
 * Superior Urbana

San Germán Municipality

 * Academia Sangermeña
 * Colegio San José
 * Escuela de San Germán Interamericana
 * Escuela Laura Mercado
 * Escuela Lola Rodríguez de Tió

San Juan Municipality

 * Academia Bárbara Ann Roessler
 * Academia del Perpetuo Socorro
 * Academia María Reina
 * Academia Menonita
 * Academia Santa Monica, Santurce
 * Academia Sagrado Corazón
 * Academia San Jorge
 * Academia San José
 * Academia Santa Teresita, Santurce
 * Albert Einstein School
 * Amalia Marín School
 * American Military Academy
 * Antonio Sarriera Egozcue School
 * Berwind Superior School
 * Bonneville School, Río Piedras
 * Escuela Central de Artes Visuales–
 * Escuela Dáskalos
 * Colegio Calasanz
 * Colegio Espíritu Santo
 * Colegio Congregación Mita
 * Colegio Lourdes, Hato Rey
 * Colegio Nuestra Señora de Lourdes, Río Piedras
 * Colegio Nstra. Sra. Del Carmen, Río Piedras
 * Colegio Nstra. Sra. De la Guadalupe, Puerto Nuevo
 * Colegio Nstra. Sra. de La Merced, Hato Rey
 * Colegio Nuestra Señora de la Providencia
 * Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola, Río Piedras
 * Colegio San Antonio, Río Piedras
 * Colegio San José, Río Piedras
 * Colegio San Vicente de Paúl
 * Commonwealth-Parkville School, Commonwealth Campus in Hato Rey
 * Cupey María Montessori School, Río Piedras
 * Cupeyville School
 * Dr. Facundo Bueso Sanllehí School
 * Dr. José Celso Barbosa School
 * Ernesto Ramos Antonini Musical School
 * Episcopal Cathedral School, Santurce
 * Escuela Especializada Bilingüe Padre Rufo
 * Escuela Especializada en Ciencias y Matemáticas University Gardens
 * Escuela Libre de Música
 * Escuela Superior Comercial Rafael Cordero
 * Lic. Guillermo Atiles Moreu School, Hato Rey
 * Gabriela Mistral School
 * José Julián Acosta School
 * Juan José Osuna School
 * Juan Ponce De León School
 * Madame Luchetti School
 * Miguel Such School
 * Padre Rufo Bilingual School
 * Programa Educativo Alcance
 * Rafael Cordero School
 * Ramón Power Y Giralt School
 * Ramón Vilá Mayo School
 * República De Colombia School
 * Robinson School
 * Saint John's School
 * St. Mary's School, Cupey
 * Trina Padilla De Sanz School
 * University Gardens High School (UGHS)
 * University of Puerto Rico Secondary School (UHS)

San Lorenzo Municipality

 * Cristo Redentor (in front of the old cemetery)
 * José Campeche School
 * María Cruz Buitrago School
 * María Teresa Delgado Marcano
 * S.U. Carlos Zayas
 * Vocacional Antonio Fernós Isern
 * Gerardo Sellés Solá
 * Luis Muñoz Rivera

San Sebastián Municipality

 * Emilio Scharon Rodríguez High School
 * Manuel Méndez Liciaga Vocacional School
 * Patria Latorre Ramírez High School
 * Academia San Sebastián Mártir
 * San Sebastian High School

Santa Isabel Municipality
Elvira Colón High School

Toa Alta Municipality

 * Escuela Adela Rolón Fuentes
 * Nicolás Sevilla School

Toa Baja Municipality

 * Academia Espiritu Santo
 * Adolfina Irizarry School
 * Colegio Carmen Sol
 * Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos School
 * María Teresa Piñeiro School
 * Christian Nazarene Academy

Trujillo Alto Municipality

 * Africa García School
 * Antilles Military Academy
 * Avanze 2000 (Wilma Chaves)
 * Colegio Santa María del Camino
 * Colegio Santa Cruz
 * Medardo Carazo School
 * Petra Zenón De Fabery School
 * Pomayuán Private School

Utuado Municipality

 * José Vizcarrondo School
 * Judith A. Vivas School
 * Luis Muñoz Rivera School (Under renovation)
 * Antonio Reyes Padilla Occupational School
 * Colegio San Miguel (closed)

Vega Alta Municipality

 * Academia Cambú
 * Academia Discípulos de Cristo
 * Colegio De La Vega
 * Ileana de Gracía School
 * Ladislao Martínez School

Vega Baja Municipality

 * Academia Regional Adventista del Norte
 * Christian Military Academy
 * Colegio Ivosai
 * Colegio Nuestra Señora del Rosario
 * Colegio Génesis
 * Juan Quirindongo Morell School
 * Lino Padrón Rivera School
 * North Point
 * Specialized School in Math and Science Brígida Álvarez Rodríguez

Vieques Municipality

 * German Rieckehoff School

Villalba Municipality

 * Escuela Superior Vocacional
 * Lysander Borrero Terry School
 * Centro Residencial de Opportunidades Educativas de Villalba (CROEV)

Yabucoa Municipality

 * Colegio Dr. Roque Díaz Tizol
 * Luis Muñoz School
 * Ramón Quiñones School
 * Teodoro Aguilar Mora School

Yauco Municipality

 * Colegio de La Virgen del Santísimo Rosario (Holy Rosary)
 * Loáiza Cordero del Rosario (Abigail Ortiz de Lucena)
 * Luis Muñoz Marín School
 * Santiago Rivera Garcia Vocacional School
 * Vocacional de Area Santiago Rivera García
 * Yauco High School

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of high schools in Puerto Rico


text:
Spoonbridge and Cherry

Spoonbridge and Cherry is a sculptural fountain designed by Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen. It was funded by a $500,000 donation from art collector Frederick R. Weisman and is permanently located in the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden. The piece was completed and installed in 1988 for the Sculpture Garden's opening and consists of a large cherry resting atop a large spoon partially straddling a small pond.

History
In the mid-1980s, the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota, commissioned a piece of work from married couple Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, whose first artistic collaboration had come in 1976. The work, which had its $500,000 budget donated by art collector Frederick R. Weisman, was to be placed in the new outdoor Minneapolis Sculpture Garden across Vineland Place from the Walker on land owned by the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board.

An early concept for the sculpture was a Viking ship with a dragon figurehead set in a circular reflecting pool; a 1986 article in the Star Tribune describes this vision as having been "quickly abandoned". The iconography of the spoon had been present in Oldenburg's work for a number of years since he acquired a piece of kitsch depicting a spoon atop a mass of chocolate in 1962. The cherry was contributed by van Bruggen, who found inspiration in the formality of the sculpture garden's design, in the Palace of Versailles, and in the dining etiquette of Louis XIV's court. Walker curator Siri Engberg said in 2013 that the bowl of the spoon was associated with "the prow of a Viking ship, a duck rising out of the water, various flora and fauna, [and] ice skating" for Oldenburg and van Bruggen. Martin Friedman, director of the Walker, said of the work that the artists did not intend to craft a "sculptural symbol of Minneapolis" but that he believed Spoonbridge and Cherry would "be a landmark and [would] give a lot of people pleasure".

The piece was fabricated between 1987 and 1988 at two shipyards, one in Boothbay, Maine, and the other in Bristol, Rhode Island, and finished in New Haven, Connecticut, at sculpture fabricator Lippincott, Inc. It was placed in the northern portion of the Sculpture Garden by two cranes on May 9, 1988. The Sculpture Garden held opening ceremonies September 9–11 of that year, with an official dedication on September 10 featuring a band of spoon players.

Spoonbridge and Cherry was entirely repainted in 1995. In 2012, the word "Kony" was spray painted onto the sculpture's spoon, possibly as part of Invisible Children's Cover the Night campaign, requiring the sculpture to be scrubbed and repaired, which Walker staff were able to complete within 48 hours. In 2021, the cherry of the Spoonbridge and Cherry was sent to New York to be entirely repainted again. It was returned to the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden in 2022.

Design
Spoonbridge and Cherry measures 9 x and straddles a small pond built in the shape of a linden tree seed, evoking the lindens in the surrounding park. The pond's shores were lined with irises and reeds. The sculpture is built from stainless steel and aluminum and coated with polyurethane enamel. The cherry portion of the piece weighs 544 kg while the spoon portion weighs 2630 kg.

The sculpture emits filtered water from both the tip and the base of the cherry's stem, the latter intended to keep the cherry gleaming in the light.

Reception
The editors of Phaidon Press wrote favorably of the sculpture's placement in a park frequented by families, writing that the "surprise of finding a oversized fruit spooned up in a park, together with its curved forms and the bright colour, creates a sensuous joy that makes the work immediately accessible to a wide audience, including children."

Writing in the Star Tribune a year after the Sculpture Garden's opening, Chris Waddington found the linden seed pond critical to enjoying Spoonbridge, writing that in winter months when the pond was frozen and snowed over, the sculpture "can seem like a soulless mock-up, a quirky idea that lost its charm somewhere between the artist's hand and the factory where it was built; but with spring comes the fountain's spray, the pool's play of liquid reflections on steel and an animate charge that recalls the poetry of the artists' original sketches."

Within a decade of the Sculpture Garden's opening, the Star Tribune reported that Spoonbridge was "something of an icon for the Walker". In 2001, Eric Dregni wrote that the sculpture had "become the unofficial symbol of Minneapolis" and in 2008, City Pages described it as "one of the Twin Cities' most iconic images." The Walker reported receiving more requests for images of Spoonbridge and Cherry than any other work in its collections.

title: Spoonbridge and Cherry


text: User talk:69.211.98.47

title: User talk:69.211.98.47


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-06-06/Content arbitration

A broad discussion of Wikipedia's dispute resolution system began last week, after a renewed suggestion to consider a method for arbitrating article content issues. The performance of the mediation process, and ideas for reactivating it, also came under scrutiny.

Content Committee proposed
The initiative for this dialogue came from members of the Arbitration Committee. After some discussion on their private mailing list, arbitrator Raul654 drafted an analysis of the situation and requested comment from the community. He proposed the creation of a "Content Committee" that could issue rulings in disputes over article content, questions that the Arbitration Committee has so far generally avoided deciding.

Part of the rationale for this idea was that already some arbitration cases ultimately boil down to content disputes, as the worst troublemakers are now being dealt with more efficiently. The proposal would theoretically be a delegation of the Arbitration Committee's power, as the arbitration policy says the arbitrators may hear any dispute "at their discretion." However, the policy also includes a guideline that they "will primarily investigate interpersonal disputes", and arbitrator The Epopt indicated that he would not agree to consider content-based disputes.

As formulated, the proposal would make the Content Committee subordinate to the Arbitration Committee, which would serve as a court of appeal. In situations where two people or groups were debating over two versions of an article and unable to reach a compromise, the Content Committee would have the authority to issue binding decisions in the matter. Meanwhile, cases involving user conduct would still go directly to arbitration.

Other alternatives
The resulting debate included reactions to this proposal, a number of suggested alternatives, and general commentary about the dispute resolution process. Several people offered variations on the original idea, such as having the Content Committee limited to reviewing the adequacy of sources for disputed assertions, or focused on policies such as no original research and verifiability.

Not everyone was certain that these limited proposals would do enough to solve the problem. Meelar said, "If you ask me, consensus on talk pages is capable of handling most matters of factual accuracy; it's other types of disputes that present the largest challenge to the current system of dispute resolution." Meanwhile, Tony Sidaway questioned whether there was even a problem amenable to this type of solution, arguing that "Wikipedia cannot write stable articles on subjects about which there is significant disagreement that cannot be expressed in a manner neutral enough to satisfy all major parties."

Viability of mediation
Mgm suggested reviving the Mediation Committee as an alternative, as the mediation process has struggled to be effective. The committee has not been visibly active in processing requests for mediation for over a month, and recently lost its chair as Jwrosenzweig is taking a hiatus from Wikipedia. In an effort to address the situation, Mgm has nominated himself as a new mediator and indicated that he would be willing to take over as chair.

In response to this proposal, Raul654 argued that the mediation system was a failure, and that this was due to fundamental flaws in the process rather than the mediators being overworked. However, others expressed sympathy for the ideals of mediation, although they remained unsure of the best way to correct its weaknesses. Additional ideas were floated including a major expansion of the Mediation Committee and making mediation mandatory.

For the time being, the general debate is limited to proposals and discussion. No voting is taking place, although Mgm and several earlier candidates have open nominations being considered on the Mediation Committee page.

Also this week: Downtime — Passwords — Content arbitration — Brockhaus — Features — Top 100 list — T.R.O.L.L. — Press coverage


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Hastings Park

Hastings Park is a municipal park located in the northeast sector of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in the Hastings-Sunrise neighbourhood. The 62 ha park features several sports and recreation facilities, including Hastings Racecourse and Playland amusement park. The southern portions of the park are also used as the fairgrounds for the Pacific National Exhibition.

The park was granted in trust by the government of British Columbia to the City of Vancouver. Horse racing first took place at the park in 1892, with the PNE holding its first exhibition in 1910. An amusement park was opened at Hastings Park in 1926.

Etymology
Its name references the Hastings Townsite, part of which was also known as New Brighton, which lay at the end of the Douglas Road from New Westminster, founded as a resort and watering-hole and as a port to connect the other settlements of the inlet—Gastown, Moodyville and Barnet—to the city.

History
The land was originally granted in trust to the City by the Province in 1888 as part of the will of its late owner, with the site to be kept in perpetuity as wilderness park for public use. However, throughout most of the twentieth century, Hastings Park has been home to two institutions: the Pacific National Exhibition (PNE) and the Hastings Racecourse, and the PNE's amusement park, Playland. Over the years, the site lost its park character because of the construction of many buildings and parking lots. These included the long-vanished Exhibition Building, a Mission-style affair with ornate cupolas and decor, torn down by the 1920s due to structural inefficiencies. In its place three large art deco concrete buildings and one smaller one - the Showmart, Food Building and Forum and the Gardens, respectively. Following Canada's declaration of war on Imperial Japan in 1942, Hastings Park was used to house and process Japanese Canadians before being sent to internment camps in the interior of British Columbia.

Over time PNE facilities grew in the post-war period by the addition of the BC Building, housing the once-famous Challenger Relief Map of British Columbia and the Agrodome, plus the regular expansion of buildings and structures in Playland, most visibly its roller coaster, prominent on the eastern approach into the city via Hastings Street and via Highway 1, but also a vintage games arcade and electric bumper-car "rink". Next to it, in time for the British Empire Games hosted by Vancouver in 1954, was Empire Stadium, its concrete stands now a community track and sport facility. Added still later was the Pacific Coliseum, the park's largest single structure and for many years the city's largest indoor sports and entertainment venue (with Empire Stadium being the largest outdoor). Operations at the racecourse also expanded over times, with an extensive collection of horse barns and horse-trailer parking lots.

A Restoration Plan was prepared with the neighbourhood residents and approved by the City in 1997.

Facilities

 * Hastings Racecourse
 * Livestock barns (used in the Japanese Canadian internment in the 1940s)
 * Pacific Coliseum
 * Playland (Vancouver)
 * PNE Agrodome
 * PNE Garden Auditorium
 * Rollerland
 * Vancouver Forum

Demolished buildings

 * BC Pavilion (now the site of the Sanctuary Pond)
 * Empire Field (demolished after renovations of BC Place)
 * Empire Stadium

Sanctuary
The sanctuary at Hastings Park was one of the many developments made between 1997 and 2001 in order to improve the facilities associated with the park. Within the sanctuary is a large pond surrounded by native plants and walkways. The sanctuary also supports many species of birds and small animals. Furthermore, the pond is stocked with rainbow trout that can be fished for off of a small dock at the northwest corner of the pond.

The Creekway Park is a daylighted stream that will connect the sanctuary to New Brighton Park. This project, which completed its first stage in September 2013, also includes new pedestrian and bicycle pathways between the two parks as well as providing an ecological corridor to the Burrard Inlet. The sanctuary area of the park continues to be developed.

title: Hastings Park


text:
Marianne Wilkinson

Marianne Margaret Wilkinson (Berton) is a Canadian local politician and ex-Councillor for Kanata North (Ward 4) in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Career
Wilkinson was born in Ottawa, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Vivian Francis Rowe Berton. The family moved to Calgary when she was nine, but returned 9 years later. She finished high school at Glebe Collegiate Institute. After high school, she graduated in geography from Trinity College, University of Toronto. After university, she began her career as a high school teacher. The family moved to Kanata in 1968 where she immediately joined the Kanata Beaverbrook Community Association. The next year, she was elected to March Township Council, winning 635 votes. She finished in 4th place in the four-seat at-large election. She was a member of the March Township council from 1970 to 1975, the first woman to run for a seat there. At the time of her first election her three children were 5, 2 and 4 months. In 1976 she became the first female Reeve of March Township and the council had a majority of women. In 1978 she helped create an amalgamation of March Township with parts of Goulbourn and Nepean Townships. The name Kanata was approved by a vote of the electorate. From 1978 to 1985, she served as Kanata's first mayor following its incorporation.

Wilkinson served as a mayor for seven years and regional councillor for nine years as Reeve and Mayor, from 1976 to 1985, and returned for a further term as a councillor in Kanata from 1991 to 1994. In 1994 she ran to represent Kanata at the Regional Municipality of Ottawa Carleton, but lost to Alex Munter. After Kanata was amalgamated with Ottawa in 2001, Wilkinson was elected to Ottawa City Council in the 2006 election. She was re-elected as councillor of Ward 4, Kanata North, in the 2010 and 2014 Ottawa municipal election.

Wilkinson announced on March 6, 2018, that she would not run for re-election. but return to community service. She is working to create a health hub in Kanata to provide needed medical services; as a consultant to provide advice to municipal audit committees and as Warden for St. John's Anglican church. She continues to support many community groups as well.

In 2021, Wilkinson applied for her old position as city councillor for Kanata North, after city council decided to appoint a councillor rather than hold a by-election after the seat was vacated by her successor, Jenna Sudds. In a city council vote, Wilkinson lost to Cathy Curry, 12–8.

Wilkinson used to be a Progressive Conservative, and served on the PC Party's Provincial Executive. She left the party in 2003. She then ran in the 2003 provincial election as a Liberal and finished second against Norm Sterling with 23,466 votes (38.79%).

As a lifetime volunteer she helped in creating the Kanata Food Cupboard, the Western Ottawa Community Resource Centre, the Kanata Choral Association among others. She served on executives of the Council of Women at the local, provincial and national levels; on the Canadian Federation of University Women executive in Kanata and nationally; and supported many other local organizations. During her years on municipal councils she served on the executive of the Association of Municipalities in Ontario becoming president in 1985 and on the Board of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities. When not in elected office she worked for Parks Canada, as a Realtor and for non profit organizations. Wilkinson is a long-time resident of Kanata and a veteran public servant in the former city.

Personal life
Wilkinson has three children, two sons and a daughter. She has 4 granddaughters.

title: Marianne Wilkinson


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Dartmouth College/archive1

Dartmouth College
This article has a lot of good information, and with some cleaning up and re-organizing, could be a featured article.--AaronS 01:52, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I glanced through the article and it seems to be too long on student activites with little information on the university's academic life. I think you might consider cutting some of the info on student life or creating a subpage Student life at Dartmouth College. In addition, the final two articles should have summaries of the subpages. I would even merge the Native Americans at Dartmouth article into the page as I don't think it's long enough to warrant a separate article. Finally, if you wish this to go up for featured article you will need references. Looks like you've done admirable work already, just a bit more polish and you will have a nice featured article. Ganymead 06:09, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * There's two bits on the film club, time to merge them? --  user:zanimum


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Hankyu Arashiyama Line

The Hankyu Arashiyama Line (嵐山線) is a railway line in Kyoto, Japan, operated by private railway operator Hankyu Railway. It connects Katsura and Arashiyama on the west side of the city, linking the area along the line to the Hankyu Kyoto Main Line that extends east to central Kyoto and south to Osaka. The line is 4.1 km long.

Trains on the line mainly use 4-car Hankyu 6300 series electric multiple unit trains, which were originally built for limited express services on the main line from 1975 and refurbished for Arashiyama Line services from 2009.

History
The line opened as 1435mm gauge dual track electrified at 1500 VDC in November 1928.

One line of the dual track was removed in 1944 for metal collection as part of the Japanese war effort. Crossing loops at both intermediate stations were built in 1950.

Stations
All four stations on the line are in Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto. While the entire line is single track, both the intermediate stations are equipped with crossing loops.

title: Hankyu Arashiyama Line


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Albert kellermann

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedied. — Xezbeth 07:09, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Albert kellermann
Seems to be a swipe at somebody the author knows. — Gwalla | Talk 01:55, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * All google results are in German, while the article claims that this "Albert Kellerman" lives in Orlando, FL. This person is not notable. Delete -- Barfooz   (talk)  01:59, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete (but I'll let others do it, in case there is a salvation to be had): Geogre's Law failure, and a general purpose libel page. Geogre 03:04, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No point here. - DS1953 03:49, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete. The content is utter nonsense. Tobycat 04:41, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. It has been deleted before and I'll delete it again now. Shanes 05:52, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Geogre and Gwalla, you are making false assumptions about Albert Kellermann in saying that the article is a libel page attacking someone the contributor knows. Everything in the article is true, if only written in a misleading manner. Geogre, if you were to read(it is too late now) a recently "vanity page" article on which you voted for deletion(and even left humorously insulting remarks about the contributor), you would see Kellermann mentioned there in passing, by first name only, yet in a way that is more upfront about his identity and that would clear up the aforesaid false assumptions. unsigned comment by
 * We try not to include articles that are "written in a misleading manner" on this encyclopedia. --Scimitar 15:32, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Strawberry clock

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 06:23, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Strawberry clock
Vanity. Bordering on nonsense.  Barfooz  (talk)  01:56, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. This page has (apparently) already been deleted at least once today and re-created.--1pezguy 02:50, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete if already deleted. Otherwise, delete for Newgroundscruft and clockcruft. From recent deletions, it seems that Newgrounds is invading Wikipedia. Nestea 02:52, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * See Votes for deletion/Clock Crew for a related discussion. Uncle G 03:00, 2005 Jun 6 (UTC)
 * Delete: Absurdly worthless forum fancruft, and it's not even about incense and peppermints. Geogre 03:02, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 10 points to Geogre for obscure pop music reference ;-) Soundguy99 04:39, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

If you delete this youre just a hater
 * Delete. Nonsense. - DS1953 03:48, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic or notable.  Content contains a lot of nonsense. Tobycat 04:43, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. So nonsensical that I don't see why it was not speedied out. -- Consumed Crustacean | Talk | 06:30, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense. JamesBurns 10:42, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete can't even tell what this is supposed to be about. --Etacar11 19:18, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, forum fan vanity. --bainer (talk) 02:49, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Strawberry Alarm Clock (that's likely what someone would be looking for if they typed in "Strawberry clock"). Blackcats 07:21, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep strawberry clock is HUGE and should be on wikipedia. Strawberry Clock is King of teh Portal!. --TailsClock 09:50, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

everyone here is just being fascist, the clock crew produces wonderful movies,please don't delete it.

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Hiram Abiff

Hiram Abiff (also Hiram Abif or the Widow's son) is the central character of an allegory presented to all candidates during the third degree in Freemasonry.

Hiram is presented as the chief architect of King Solomon's Temple. He is murdered inside this Temple by three ruffians, after they failed to obtain from him the Master Masons' secrets. The themes of the allegory are the importance of fidelity, and the certainty of death.

The Masonic legend of Hiram Abiff

The legend of Hiram Abiff as related in Anglo-American Masonic jurisdictions underpins the Third Degree and first appeared in the early 1720s. It generally starts with his arrival in Jerusalem, and his appointment by Solomon as chief architect and master of works at the construction of his temple. As the temple is nearing completion, three fellowcraft masons from the workforce ambush him as he leaves the building, demanding the secrets of a master mason. Hiram is challenged by each in turn and, at each refusal to divulge the information, his assailant strikes him with a mason's tool (differing between jurisdictions). He is injured by the first two assailants, and struck dead by the last.

His murderers hide his body under a pile of rubble, returning at night to move the body outside the city, where they bury it in a shallow grave marked with a sprig of acacia. As the Master is missed the next day, Solomon sends out a group of fellowcraft masons to search for him. The loose acacia is accidentally discovered, and the body exhumed to be given a decent burial. The hiding place of the "three ruffians" is also discovered, and they are brought to justice. Solomon informs his workforce that the secret word of a master mason is now lost. He replaces it with a substitute word which is considered a secret by Masons.

In Continental Freemasonry, the tale is slightly different: a large number of master masons, and not just Hiram, are working on the Temple, and the three ruffians are seeking the passwords and signs that will give them a higher wage. The result is the same, but this time, it is Master Masons who find the body. The secrets are not lost, but Solomon orders them buried under the Temple, inscribed on Hiram's grave, and the same substitution is made as a mark of respect. The secrets "lost" in the other tradition are here given to new Master Masons as part of their ritual. In this version, Hiram is often renamed Adoniram.

Historical Origin of the Legend
There have been many proposals for the origin of the Masonic Hiram Abiff story that are dismissed by most historical-critical Masonic scholars.

The leading theory supported by many scholars of historical Freemasonry was advanced by the French masonic historian Paul Naudon who, in 2005, highlighted the similarity between the death of Hiram and the murder of Renaud de Montauban in the late 12th Century chanson de geste, The Four Sons of Aymon. Renaud, like his prototype Saint Reinold, was killed by a hammer-blow to the head while working as a mason at Cologne Cathedral, and his body hidden by his murderers before being miraculously re-discovered.

In 2021, Christopher Powell published a paper in the journal of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, the Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, which argues that John Theophilus Desaguliers likely authored the Hiram Abiff legend in the early 1720s and introduced it into the Master Mason degree. In his research, Powell notes how Desaguliers also introduced the "lost word" aspect of the Royal Arch degree which he likely read in a book he owned titled "The Temple of Solomon, portrayed by Scripture-light." If the word was to be found, it would need to be first lost, hence the Hiram Abiff story. According to Powell, Desaguliers as a Frenchman living in England, would have known the chanson de geste legend, and used it as a base for the legend of Hiram Abiff. However instead of being used as a ritual since the 12th century, Powell argues that Desaguliers used this existing myth to create a central story for the newly created Master Masonic degree, for which there is no evidence before 1720.

Hirams in the Bible
In the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament, there are three separate instances of people named Hiram that were involved in the construction of the temple of Solomon:

 * Hiram, King of the realm of Tyre (today, in the modern nation of Lebanon), is credited in 2 Samuel 5:11 and 1 Kings 5:1–10 for having sent building materials and men for the original construction of the Temple in Jerusalem. In the Masonic drama, "Hiram, King of Tyre" is clearly distinguished from "Hiram Abiff". The former is clearly a king and the latter clearly a master craftsman. They can be confused in other contexts.
 * In 1 Kings 7:13–14, Hiram is described as the son of a widow from the tribe of Naphtali who was the son of a Tyrian bronze worker, sent for by Solomon to cast the bronze furnishings and ornate decorations for the new temple. From this reference, Freemasons often refer to Hiram (with the added Abiff) as "the widow's son." Hiram cast these bronzes in clay ground in the plain of the Jordan between Succoth and Zarethan/Zeredathah (1 Kings 7:46–47).
 * 2 Chronicles 2:13–14 relates a formal request from King Solomon of Jerusalem to King Hiram I of Tyre, for workers and for materials to build a new temple. King Hiram (Huram in Chronicles) responds "And now I have sent a skillful man, endowed with understanding, Ḥuram 'abi. (the son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre), skilled to work in gold and silver, bronze and iron, stone and wood, purple and blue, fine linen and crimson, and to make any engraving and to accomplish any plan which may be given to him, with your skillful men and with the skillful men of my lord David your father." The phrase italicised above is translated in the New King James Version as "Huram my master craftsman". Most translations of this passage take the "'ab-" in "'abi" as the construct state of 'abba, here translated as master. Older translations preferred to translate "'ab-" as father. The common translation of the -i suffix is "my", giving the problematic reading that Hiram was sending his own father, also called Hiram. This is found in the Vulgate, the Douay–Rheims Bible and in Wycliffe's Bible. The other reading is as the old Hebrew genitive, and some variant of "of my father" is found in the Septuagint, the Bishop's Bible and the Geneva Bible. In his 1723 "Constitutions", James Anderson announced that many problems with this text would be solved by reading "'abi" as the second part of a proper name, which he rendered as "Hiram Abif", agreeing with the translations of Martin Luther and Miles Coverdale's reading of 2 Chronicles 4:16.

Other accounts of a biblical Hiram
Flavius Josephus in his Antiquities of the Jews (Chapter 8:76) refers to Hiram as τεχνίτης, tekhnítēs, artificer, craftsman. "Now Solomon sent for an artificer out of Tyre, whose name was Hiram: he was by birth of the tribe of Naphtali, on his mother's side (for she was of that tribe); but his father was Ur, of the stock of the Israelites."

The Targum Sheni, an Aramaic commentary on the Book of Esther written sometime between the fall of Rome and the Crusades, credits Hiram with the construction of a miraculous throne for Solomon, which in Esther's time is being used by the descendants of Cyrus the Great.

Later accounts of Hiram Abiff
The most elaborate version of the legend occurs in Gérard de Nerval's 1851 account, Voyage en Orient, where he relates the tale, inserting all the masonic passwords, as part of the story of Balkis, the "Queen of the Morning" and "Soliman", Prince of the Genii. This is an elaboration of the second version above, where the Master Craftsman is named Adoniram. Before his death, he undergoes mystical adventures as his tale is interwoven with that of Solomon and Balkis, the Queen of Sheba. The ruffians who kill him are under the instruction of Solomon himself. De Nerval relates the story as having been told in an Eastern coffee house over a two-week period. A similar account is given in Charles William Heckethorn's The Secret Societies of all Ages and Countries, where Solomon plots to destroy Hiram because of the mutual love between Hiram and the Queen of Sheba. Meanwhile, in 1862, the whole adventure of Adoniram's love for Balkis and his murder by three workmen in the pay of Solomon had been set to music in Charles Gounod's opera, La reine de Saba.

Seqenenre Tao II
According to authors Robert Lomas and Christopher Knight, the prototype for Hiram Abiff was the Egyptian king Seqenenre Tao II, who (they claim) died in an almost identical manner. This idea is dismissed by most Masonic scholars, some of whom have described the theory as "highly imaginative" but ultimately one with "no historical validity."

Dhul-Nun al-Misri
In his book The Sufis, the Afghan scholar Idries Shah suggested that Dhul-Nun al-Misri might have been the origin of the character Hiram Abiff in the masonic Master Mason ritual. The link, he believes, was through the Sufi sect Al-Banna ("The Builders") who built the Jami Al-Aqsa and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. This fraternity could have influenced some early masonic guilds which borrowed heavily from the Oriental architecture in the creation of the Gothic style.

Others, such as, German orientalist Annemarie Schimmel, are critical of the work of Shah. She has claimed that The Sufis, along with his other books, "should be avoided by serious students".

title: Hiram Abiff


text:
Talk:Hiram Abiff

"Chair of Hiram Abiff"
Not disputing the accuracy of this... but it is really worth mentioning? It strikes me as a bit of Masonic Trivia that readers would not need to know. Blueboar (talk) 01:53, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

Missing modern scholarship on the Masonic legend
This article is missing the modern interpretation of the Masonic legend.

"From reading rituals Hiram Abiff turns out to be the Great Architect of the Universe.  however, is not obvious at all, at least for most modern Masons.  Hiram Abiff is explicitly referred to as the architect of the temple of king Solomon; and the Bible is explicit about who designed that temple, viz. God. Therefore it should not surprise us to find that Hiram Abiff, the architect of the temple, turns out to be God." –BoBoMisiu (talk) 20:55, 11 September 2016 (UTC)

 * That's a new one... I would dismiss it as an extremely fringe opinion. Blueboar (talk) 21:25, 11 September 2016 (UTC)
 * No, scholarly and not fringe.
 * This Snoek interpretation is cited in  –BoBoMisiu (talk) 22:13, 11 September 2016 (UTC); modified 22:25, 11 September 2016 (UTC)
 * "Scholarly" and "fringe" are not mutually exclusive. Fringe simply means "beyond the mainstream".  And whether we are talking about the biblical Hiram or the Masonic version, the idea that Hiram = God is... Definitely out there, way beyond the mainstream. Blueboar (talk) 22:30, 11 September 2016 (UTC)
 * It looks like an obvious mapping of simple facts with almost no interpretation. –BoBoMisiu (talk) 22:54, 11 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Oh dear. Snoek bases his conclusions on Vibert's theory that Freemasonry started with only one degree. This dates from the 1920s, and is hopelessly outdated and wrong. Eddy is better, but what can we add? There is a tenuous link between the third degree of Freemasonry and Renaissance Neoplatonism? This is much better explored in Stevenson (Eddy's source), and has more to do with the attraction of Freemasonry in the early modern period than anything specifically to do with Hiram Abif. Enjoyed the read, but wrong article. Fiddlersmouth (talk) 00:08, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
 * can you cite an academic source that rebuts Snoek on the subject of who is Hiram Abiff? –BoBoMisiu (talk) 00:33, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
 * No need - it's his opinion (see Blueboar above). Does it have sufficient weight to be added to "other theories"? I note that Eddy does NOT quote Snoek as stating that Hiram Abif is God. However, as Snoek is a respected scholar, and in spite of his basing his findings on Vibert and Pritchard (the Modern's rite), I think his opinion should be added, not least so we can all have a good laugh. Fiddlersmouth (talk) 01:01, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
 * you can laugh at the man who has a page on an academic portal for masonic research and has published many works about masonry. –BoBoMisiu (talk) 01:32, 12 September 2016 (UTC)

I can laugh at a man who uses terrible sources to arrive at a very silly conclusion, yes. I just said it needs included. What the hell else do you want? Fiddlersmouth (talk) 01:41, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I still disagree on adding it. The guy may be a scholar, but this particular idea of his is too far out in left field to mention.  WP:Undue. Blueboar (talk) 02:11, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I added the "you can laugh at the man..." comment so other editors who read this discussion can arrive at their own conclusion about whether to laugh at Snoek once they read his credentials. –BoBoMisiu (talk) 02:11, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
 * As an aside: you quote Snoek as saying "From reading rituals...", which begs the question: which rituals did he read? I can't speak to every ritual ever written, but I can speak to the ritual used in New York... where it is clear that Hiram is NOT God.  1) It is stated that on the day of his death, "he repaired to the unfinished Sanctum Sanctorum of the temple, to offer up his devotions to God."  He was not praying to himself. Furthermore, 2) He is described as being "the son of an Ishmaelitish widow of a Tyrian citizen"... ie he is presented as being a mortal man, with mortal parents. Blueboar (talk) 11:58, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
 * the work is linked for editors to read. From what I saw in Google Scholar search, he is a mason and has written comparisons of English and French masonic catechisms in masonic journals like Heredom (for his discussion about variations of rituals, see: ). I think he is describing floating signifiers, but I am not a mason. –BoBoMisiu (talk) 16:54, 12 September 2016 (UTC); modified 19:01, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Seriously, thanks. Snoek's Evolution is a very useful document. I could quibble on the over-use (again) of Pritchard. Pritchard's little book was a catechism, not a full ritual, and he was a disillusioned ex-mason who probably wasn't a member for very long. He's important because he is the earliest indicator of the third degree ritual, but must be regarded as unreliable. The French sources, to which we must add the cipher "Vrai Catechisme" ca 1744 are the most useful. The Marquis de Gage is the earliest full ritual I have found, and should be better studied by English speaking researchers. So, what do we do with this stuff? Fiddlersmouth (talk) 00:11, 13 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't know, I was looking for content for the other article and just pointed out what read. Abiff is only incidental to my current interest. –BoBoMisiu (talk) 01:03, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

Masonic Belief in Immortality of the Soul and Karma
I tweaked... Hiram Abiff (also Hiram Abif or the Widow's son) is the central character of an important story presented to all candidates during the third degree in Freemasonry.

Hiram is presented as the chief architect of King Solomon's Temple. He is murdered inside this Temple by three ruffians, after they failed to obtain from him the Master Masons' secret passwords. The themes of the story are the importance of fidelity and the certainty of karma after death. 2601:589:4801:5660:EC71:24D9:9C8A:2D4C (talk) 06:49, 24 July 2021 (UTC)
 * I have reverted. Karma isn’t mentioned in the majority of masonic jurisdictions, and we want to generalize so as to keep this applicable to all of them. Blueboar (talk) 11:28, 24 July 2021 (UTC)

Albert Mackey
Albert Mackey has an explanation for the origin of Hiram Abiff. Is there any particular reason why it has not been included?--Berig (talk) 20:26, 9 November 2021 (UTC)

Hiram Avi
According to Jewish commentator Metzudat David, the expression 'avi' relates to the fact the Hiram was also Hiram's father's artist. 2A01:73C0:601:5BFF:0:0:A2F5:38B6 (talk) 13:43, 22 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hiram Abiff


text:
Andy Hazell

Andy Hazell (born 25 April 1978 in Gloucester) is a former English rugby union player who played at flanker and spent his entire career at Gloucester Rugby.

Club career
He took up the game aged 12 when he joined Old Richians, where he stayed for four years before joining another of his local teams, Gloucester Old Boys. His first representative game was for the South West U16s before joining the Premiership and making his debut at 19. He went on to establish himself as the main openside flanker.

He was in the Powergen Cup winning side of 2003 and the Gloucester Rugby side that finished top of the 2003 Zurich Premiership. He was a try scorer in the 2006 European Challenge Cup Final Victory over London Irish at The Stoop. On 2 April 2013, it was announced that he had signed a one-year contract extension to keep him at Gloucester until the end of the 2013–2014 season. On 4 February 2014, Hazell announced his retirement from all forms of rugby due to persistent concussion injuries. Hazell was the longest-serving player at any professional rugby union club since the professional era began in 1995, spending 17 years with Gloucester Rugby and making a total of 266 appearances for the Cherry and Whites.

International career
He pulled on an England shirt for the first time playing for England U21s and was a member of the SANZAR squad that played in the Argentina competition back in 1999. In 2001 he played for the England XV that took on the Barbarians and also went on the England tour to North America, playing in both midweek games and scoring a try against British Columbia. His England A debut came in 2002 when he played Scotland A at Headingley and impressed throughout the 2003 England A Six Nations tournament.

Hazell was chosen for England's highly successful senior tour of New Zealand and Australia in June 2003 and played in the 23–9 victory over New Zealand Māori in New Plymouth, before flying to Vancouver to become a member of England's Churchill Cup winning side in 2003 and returned again the following year. He was part of the wider 43-man England squad for the 2003 World Cup.

Hazell won his first cap starting as openside flanker in England's victory over Canada at Twickenham in November 2004 and another as a replacement in the match against South Africa a week later. The Investec series represented his first serious breakthrough into the senior England team.

Hazell played in four games of the 2005 Six Nations, scoring a try against Italy.

title: Andy Hazell


text:
Paul Greengrass

Paul Greengrass (born 13 August 1955) is an English film director, film producer, screenwriter and former journalist.

One of his early films, Bloody Sunday (2002), won the Golden Bear at 52nd Berlin International Film Festival. Other films Greengrass has directed include three entries of the Bourne action-thriller film series: The Bourne Supremacy (2004), The Bourne Ultimatum (2007) and Jason Bourne (2016). He also directed United 93 (2006), for which Greengrass won the BAFTA Award for Best Director and received an Academy Award for Best Director nomination; as well as Green Zone (2010) and Captain Phillips (2013). In 2004, he co-wrote and produced the film Omagh, which won the British Academy Television Award.

In 2007, Greengrass co-founded Directors UK, a professional organisation of British filmmakers, and was its first president until 2014. He ranked 28 on EW's The 50 Smartest People in Hollywood in 2007. In 2008, The Telegraph named him among the most influential people in British culture. In 2017, Greengrass was honoured with a British Film Institute Fellowship.

Early life
Greengrass was born 13 August 1955 in Cheam, Surrey, England. His mother Joyce Greengrass was a teacher and his father Phillip Greengrass a river pilot and merchant seaman. His brother Mark Greengrass is an English historian.

Greengrass was educated at Westcourt Primary School, Gravesend Grammar School and Sevenoaks School; he attended Queens' College, Cambridge. He studied English literature at the same time as Roger Michell.

Journalism
Greengrass first worked as a director in the 1980s, for the ITV current affairs programme World in Action. At the same time, he co-authored the infamous book Spycatcher (1987) with Peter Wright, a former assistant director of MI5. It contained enough sensitive information that the British government made an unsuccessful attempt to ban it. In the mid 80s, the book was banned due to revealing insights into how MI5 operated.

Film
Greengrass moved into drama, directing non-fiction, made-for-television films such as The One That Got Away, based on Chris Ryan's book about the experiences of the British Army's Special Air Service during the Gulf War and The Fix, based on the 1964 British betting scandal. His 1998 film The Theory of Flight starred Kenneth Branagh and Helena Bonham Carter, who played a woman with motor neurone disease. The film dealt with the difficult issue of the sexuality of people with disabilities.

Greengrass directed The Murder of Stephen Lawrence (1999), an account of Stephen Lawrence, a Black British youth whose murder was not properly investigated by the Metropolitan Police. His mother's investigations resulted in accusations about institutional racism in the police. His next film, Bloody Sunday (2002), depicted the 1972 Bloody Sunday massacre during the Troubles in an almost documentary style; it shared First Prize at the 2002 Berlin Film Festival with Hayao Miyazaki's Spirited Away. Bloody Sunday was inspired by Don Mullan's politically influential book Eyewitness Bloody Sunday (Wolfhound Press, 1997). A schoolboy witness of the events of Bloody Sunday, Mullan was co-producer and appeared as a figure in Bloody Sunday.

In 2004, Greengrass co-wrote the television film Omagh with Guy Hibbert. Based on the bombing of 1998, the film was a critical success, winning British Academy Television Award for Best Single Drama. This was the first professional film that Greengrass had not directed; he was credited as a writer and producer. He had been working on The Bourne Supremacy. The film was directed by Pete Travis. It was the second film Greengrass had written about terrorism and mass killing in Ireland after Bloody Sunday.

Based on that film, Greengrass was hired to direct 2004's The Bourne Supremacy, a sequel to the 2002 film The Bourne Identity. The first film's director, Doug Liman, had left the project. The film starred Matt Damon as Jason Bourne, an amnesiac who realises he was once a top CIA assassin and is being pursued by his former employers. An unexpectedly major financial and critical success, it secured Greengrass's reputation and ability to get his smaller, more personal films made.

In 2006, Greengrass directed United 93, a film based on the 11 September 2001 hijacking of United Airlines Flight 93. The film received critical acclaim, particularly for Greengrass's quasi-documentary-style. After receiving many Best Director awards and nominations from critics' circles (including the Broadcast Film Critics Association), Greengrass won the BAFTA award for Best Director at the 60th British Academy Film Awards and received an Oscar nomination for Achievement in Directing at the 79th Academy Awards. For his role in writing the film, he earned the Writers Guild of America Award and a BAFTA nominations for Best Original Screenplay.

Greengrass then returned to the Bourne franchise with The Bourne Ultimatum. Released in 2007, Ultimatum was an even bigger success than the previous two films. Greengrass was nominated for BAFTA Best Director at the 61st British Academy Film Awards.

In 2007, he co-founded Directors UK, a professional association for British directors. He served as founding president until July 2014.

Greengrass's Green Zone stars Matt Damon as the head of a U.S. military team on an unsuccessful hunt for weapons of mass destruction in post-war Iraq. It was filmed in Spain and Morocco and released in 2010. The film was first announced as based on the bestselling, award-winning, non-fiction book Imperial Life in the Emerald City, by Rajiv Chandrasekaran, the Washington Post's Baghdad bureau chief. But the final film is a largely fictionalised action thriller only loosely inspired by events in the book.

Captain Phillips, Greengrass's film about the Maersk Alabama hijacking in 2009, was based on the book A Captain's Duty. It starred Tom Hanks, Barkhad Abdi and Faysal Ahmed. It was shot in 2012 in Massachusetts and Virginia in the United States, as well as Malta. It was released in 2013.

In September 2014, it was announced Greengrass would return to direct the fifth Jason Bourne film, Jason Bourne, with Damon starring again. The film was released on 29 July 2016.

In 2017, Greengrass began filming 22 July, a docudrama film following the 2011 Norway attacks perpetrated by Anders Behring Breivik and their aftermath, on location in Norway. The film was released on Netflix and in select theaters on 10 October 2018.

In February 2019, Greengrass signed on to direct the film adaptation of the Paulette Jiles novel News of the World for Fox 2000 Pictures, reuniting him with actor Tom Hanks. The film was eventually released in the United States by Universal Pictures on 25 December 2020 and released internationally by Netflix in 2021.

In May 2022, it was announced that Greengrass would write and direct medieval action film The Hood, starring Benedict Cumberbatch and based on the story of the English Peasants' Revolt in 1381. On September 15, it was announced Greengrass would write and direct an adaptation of the Stephen King novel Fairy Tale after King, a fan of Greengrass's films, sold him the option to adapt the film; Greengrass will also produce alongside Gregory Goodman. In November 2023, it was announced that Greengrass would write and direct a film adaptation of the T. J. Newman novel Drowning: The Rescue of Flight 1421 for Warner Bros. Pictures. In January 2024, it was announced Greengrass would direct the thriller The Lost Bus, written by Brad Ingelsby and based on the 2021 nonfiction book Paradise: One Town’s Struggle to Survive an American Wildfire by Lizzie Johnson, about the 2018 California wildfires, for Apple Studios; Matthew McConaughey and America Ferrera will star in the project.

He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to the arts.

Personal life
Greengrass has said that he does not believe in god but has "great respect for the spiritual way". Greengrass is married to talent agent Joanna Kaye, with whom he has three children, and is the father of two more children from an earlier marriage.

He is a supporter of Crystal Palace.

Television
TV movies

Documentary series

title: Paul Greengrass


text:
USS Saginaw (1859)

The first USS Saginaw was a sidewheel sloop-of-war in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. The ship was in operation throughout the 1860s, but in 1870 wrecked on what is now known as Kure Atoll, a Pacific island. The event produced several books and one of the surviving boats from the ship is in a museum.

The wreck of the USS Saginaw was found in 2003.

History
The first vessel built by the Mare Island Navy Yard, Saginaw was laid down on 16 September 1858; launched as Toucey on 3 March 1859; sponsored by Miss Cunningham, daughter of the commandant of the Navy Yard; renamed Saginaw; and commissioned on 5 January 1860, Commander James F. Schenck in command.

The new side-wheel ship sailed from San Francisco Bay on 8 March 1860, headed for the western Pacific, and reached Shanghai, China on 12 May. She then served in the East India Squadron, for the most part cruising along the Chinese coast to protect American citizens and to suppress pirates. She visited Japan in November but soon returned to Chinese waters. On 30 June 1861, she silenced a battery at the entrance to Qui Nhon Bay, Cochin China, which had fired upon her while she was searching for the missing boat and crew of American bark Myrtle.

On 3 January 1862, Saginaw was decommissioned at Hong Kong and returned to Mare Island on 3 July for repairs.

Relaunched on 3 December 1862 and recommissioned on 23 March 1863, Saginaw was attached to the Pacific Squadron and operated along the United States West Coast to prevent Confederate activity. She visited Puget Sound in the spring of 1863 to investigate reports that Confederate privateers were being outfitted in British Columbia, but returned after learning that the scheme had no chance of success.

Her cruises in 1864 took Saginaw to ports in Mexico and Central America to protect the interests of the United States endangered by Confederate activity and by European interference in Mexico. During the closing months of the year, she escorted steamers of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company carrying rich cargoes of bullion from the California gold fields. In the spring of 1865, the ship was assigned to the United States Revenue Cutter Service but was returned to the Navy on 2 June 1865. She spent the remainder of 1865 protecting American citizens at Guaymas and other Mexican ports during the unrest and disorder which beset Mexico during the struggle between Emperor Maximilian I and Benito Juárez.

In March 1866, Saginaw returned to Mare Island. She sailed in August 1866 for Puget Sound to support settlers in the Pacific Northwest. While there, she aided the Western Union Company in laying a cable which brought the first telegraphic service to the region. After returning to Mare Island in December 1866, the ship remained at the navy yard through 1867.

In April 1868, a year after the United States purchased Alaska from Russia, Saginaw got underway for the Alaska Territory and, with the exception of a run home late in the year for replenishment, spent the next year exploring and charting the Alaskan coast. In the February 1869 Kake War the USS Saginaw destroyed three deserted villages and two forts near present-day Kake, Alaska. Prior to the conflict, two white trappers were killed by the Kake in retribution for the death of two Kake departing Sitka village in canoe. Sitka was the site of a standoff between the Army and Tlingit due to the army demanding the surrender of chief Colchika who was involved in an altercation in Fort Sitka. While no Kake, or possibly a single old woman, died in the destruction of the villages, the loss of winter stores, canoes, and shelter led to the death during the winter of some of the Kake.

After steaming back to San Francisco Bay in April 1869, Saginaw departed her home port on 28 July 1869 and operated along the coast of Mexico until arriving back at Mare Island on 11 November 1869.

Fate
Saginaw's next assignment took her to Midway Atoll to support dredging operations to deepen the entrance to the harbor. She reached Midway on 24 March 1870 and completed her task on 21 October 1870. A week later, she sailed for San Francisco, intending to touch at Kure Atoll (at that time known as Ocean Island) en route home to rescue any shipwrecked sailors who might be stranded there. The next day, 29 October 1870, as she neared this rarely visited atoll, Saginaw struck an outlying reef and grounded. Before the surf battered the ship to pieces, her 93 crew managed to transfer much of her gear and provisions to the atoll.

On 18 November, a party of five men, headed by Lieutenant John G. Talbot, the executive officer, set out for Honolulu in a small boat to get relief for their stranded shipmates. As they neared Kauai, 31 days and some 1500 mi later, their boat was upset by breakers. Only Coxswain William Halford survived to obtain help. He landed on Kauai, where Captain Dudoit of the schooner Wainona offered to take him straight to Honolulu leaving his return freight for a later trip. They sailed on Tuesday 20 Dec and arrived at Honolulu on Saturday 24 December and was taken to the United States Consulate there.

The US Consul authorised the despatch of a fast sailing coaster, the Kona Packet, which departed on Sunday 25 December, and the King of Hawaii, Kamehameha V, sent the inter-island steamer, Kilauea under Captain Thomas Long, to rescue the shipwrecked sailors. After loading with coal for 2 days and food and copious fresh water they departed on Monday 26 December. The Kilauea arrived at Kure on 4 January 1871, and the Kona Packet a day later. Due to uncertainty over the coal required for the return journey they steamed to Midway Island loading 40 tons of coal and left on 7 January, arriving back in Honolulu on 14 January, a round trip of 2350 miles. Captain Long was presented with a heavy gold-cased chronometer watch by the U.S. Government as thanks for successfully undertaking the rescue mission.

The Saginaw's gig survived being capsized in the breakers, and was sold at auction in January 1871. The purchaser presented it to the rescued crew of the Saginaw, whereupon it was transported back to San Francisco on the A.P. Jordan. Until 2015, it was displayed in the Curator Collection at the Castle Museum of Saginaw County History in Saginaw, Michigan. As of May 2021, the boat was stored off public display in the Naval History and Heritage Command (NHHC) Headquarters Artifact Collection.

The crew of the Saginaw may have been aware of the loss of the whaler Gledstanes on the same reef on 9 July 1837, as the crew of the Gledstanes faced the same predicament and constructed a schooner Deliverance from the wreckage of the Gledstanes over many months, whereupon Captain J.R. Brown with 8 men sailed for Hawaii on 15 Dec to secure a rescue ship which took the remaining men off the atoll in February. The wreck of Saginaw was discovered in 2003 and remains under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command.

The book A Civil War Gunboat in Pacific Waters: Life on Board USS Saginaw (by Hans Van Tilburg, University Press of Florida, 2010) covers the ship's construction, her ten years of service in the Pacific, and her loss at Kure Atoll. Van Tilburg led the team which discovered the wreck site in 2003.

The book The Wreck of the Saginaw (by Keith Robertson, The Viking Press, 1954, 144 pp) covers the voyage of the five sailors who sailed a small boat to Hawaii seeking rescue for the survivors remaining on Kure Atoll.

title: USS Saginaw (1859)


text:
John Bell (explorer)

John Bell (c. 1799 – 24 June 1868) was born Isle of Mull, Scotland and emigrated to Canada where he worked for the Hudson's Bay Company as a fur trader and colonizer. He was one of the colonizers of the Yukon River. Bell was appreciated by the company for his "professionalism, flexibility and dedication to the interests of the fur trade" as well as his abilities as a "manager of men".

In 1839, he was sent to colonize the land west of the Mackenzie River. With the assistance of Alexander Kennedy Isbister, he established Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories on the Peel River not far from the Mackenzie, and colonized the Peel into what is now the Yukon Territory.

In 1845, Bell crossed the mountains into the Yukon River watershed, and went down the Rat River to its confluence with the Porcupine River. The Rat River has been renamed the Bell River in his honour. After managing the fur trade at Fort McPherson until 1845, he returned to the Bell River, and Followed the Porcupine to its juncture with the Yukon River, the eventual site of Fort Yukon. He set the stage for the Yukon trade which proved extremely lucrative for the Hudson's Bay Company and for Canada's claim over what is now the Yukon Territory.

He had some involvement in organizing John Rae's 1848–1849 expedition to search for Sir John Franklin, and continued working in the Mackenzie District for the Hudson's Bay Company until 1860. Although his exploits as an explorer are most often publicized, Bell preferred to work as a manager and organizer. He accepted the exploring jobs as required but did so "without the enthusiasm and sense of destiny that inspired other HBC explorers. He was, in fact, a fur trader rather than an explorer, both in talent and temperament."

Bell completed his career in Quebec, retiring from the company in 1860. He then moved to Saugeen, Ontario and farmed in the area until his death.

title: John Bell (explorer)


text:
CNBC Arabia

CNBC Arabia (Arabic: CNBC عربية) is an Arab free-to-air television channel. It covers regional and international affairs from an Arab economic perspective.

CNBC Arabia is the Arab World's preeminent and first 24-hour Arabic language financial and business information Channel, presenting in-depth & up-to-the-minute coverage of regional and international affairs from an Arab economic perspective. CNBC Arabia brings real-time information to the most influential, powerful, and affluent audience in the Middle East and Northern Africa.

CNBC Arabia's daily program schedule features the region's business news summary, including regional stock market summary, regional corporate news, news about women in business, news about green businesses, and personal finance.

It is the only business-focused channel that delivers live regional market data in the Middle East, providing a ticker and analytical reporting.

Headquarters
CNBC Arabia's broadcast facilities are based in Dubai Media City in the United Arab Emirates, with bureaus in Qatar, KSA, Cairo, Kuwait, and London and correspondents reporting from Iraq and Lebanon.

title: CNBC Arabia


text:
Fabri-Kal

Fabri-Kal  is a United States company. It is a provider of plastic foodservice and custom thermoformed packaging. Products include consumer and foodservice products including plastic cups, containers and lids. It is privately owned. It is headquartered in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Fabri-Kal specializes in materials including PP, PET, PCR-PET, HDPE, PLA, renewable agricultural pulp and HIPS.

Company history
Fabri-Kal Corporation was founded in Kalamazoo, Michigan in 1950 when seven investors purchased the plastic segment of the Kalamazoo Paper Box Company. The owners decided to call the new business Fabri-Kal, a portmanteau of "fabricated in Kalamazoo".

Located in downtown Kalamazoo, their initial 5,000 square foot operation began in a former A&P grocery store. The company built a 25,000 square foot manufacturing facility on East Cork Street in Kalamazoo, which was followed in 1961 by a second manufacturing facility in Hazleton, Pennsylvania.

As the company continued to grow, the Fabri-Kal Foundation was established in 1969 to provide higher-education tuition assistance to young-adult children of all employees. In 1981 a new headquarters building was constructed in Kalamazoo and a third manufacturing facility opened in Piedmont, South Carolina.

In 1991 the Kalamazoo manufacturing facility closed its doors, leaving all manufacturing capacity outside of Michigan. The company was able to overcome its hardships and purchased a 400,000 square foot building in 2008 and after a two year renovation once again opened their doors. In 2010 the Kalamazoo manufacturing facility was awarded the LEED® Silver certification.

On October 15, 2015, Fabri-Kal held the grand opening for their new 100,000 square foot manufacturing facility in Burley, Idaho employing approximately 50 people with an additional 100 people planned in the next five years.

On October 1, 2021, it was announced that Pactiv acquired the company through its wholly-owned subsidiary Pactiv Evergreen Group Holdings, for $380 million.

Product lines

 * Greenware cold drink cups and portion cups
 * Kal-Clear PET drink cups
 * Nexclear polypropylene drink cups
 * RK translucent drink cups
 * Kids cups
 * Juice cups
 * Portion cups
 * Alur round containers
 * Indulge dessert containers
 * Pro-Kal deli containers
 * Microwavable bowls
 * Mushroom tills
 * Produce clamshells
 * Lids

Greenware
Fabri-Kal produces sustainable Greenware cold drink cups, lids and portion cups made entirely from plants, not petroleum. All Greenware products are 100% made in the U.S.A.

title: Fabri-Kal


text: Category:Ghost in the Shell characters

title: Category:Ghost in the Shell characters


text:
Talk:Nicolás Massú

Comment
Massú's performance at the 2004 Olympics was of the highest order, and it's truly one for the ages.

Chi
Whoops... I saw Chi after his name on BBC (Wimbledon 2006) and I thought he was from China. Doesn't look it... Thank you Wikipedia for telling me he's Chilean.

Is he Jewish?
Some proof is needed for this fact please.--Nitsansh 03:24, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Why? Did you try googling it (faster than asking for proof)?  It is pretty clear.  --Epeefleche 03:52, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

That reference only cites that his mother is jew, but in another references he doesn't get clear about his religion because he went from a mixed family, with a father that came from muslim roots. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.164.255.28 (talk) 04:25, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

If his mother is Jewish and providing he has not converted to another religion, then that makes him so. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.66.68.130 (talk) 13:11, 2 August 2008 (UTC)

Is his father Lebanese or Palestinian?
I invite the anonymous (and any other) editor who says that Massú's father is Palestinian to provide sources. Epeefleche has cited credible sources that say he's Lebanese. Of course, he could be a Palestinian Lebanese, but in any case, it must be sourced. SamEV 12:47, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Thank you, SamEV
For a perfect compromise :) ☆ CieloEstrellado 21:29, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

 * You're welcome. SamEV (talk) 06:30, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

Discussion concerning this article
A discussion that may affect the name or title of this article is ongoing here. Please voice any opinions or concerns on that page. After the discussion concludes, this article may be moved to a different title, in accordance with Wikipedia's Naming Conventions. Thank you. Tennis expert (talk) 19:32, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

His father is Palestinian, and I'm not sure about him being jewish...
The Massú family of Chile comes from the town of Beit Jala, near Bethlehem, in Palestine. About Nicolas being Jewish, I have never seen a credible source saying that. His mother is a Jew, but that doesn't make him a Jew. He isn't a Christian just because his father is.

Here is one source: http://espndeportes.espn.go.com/futbol/report?leagueCup=CHI.1&id=259115

it's ESPN about football, but it clearly states that "El tenista chileno Nicolás Massú es hijo de padre descendiente de palestinos y madre de origen judío." (Tennis player Nicolas Massu is son of a father of palestinian descent, and a mother of jewish roots.") —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.21.230.48 (talk) 20:17, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I thought this was settled, a year ago.
 * Anyway, the link accompanying the claim that his father is Lebanese was dead, so I tried to find a replacement, while also taking advantage of this opportunity to try and settle the matter of whether he's Lebanese or Palestinian. The number of Google hits were about the same for both claims, but those for Lebanese were the less reliable ones (or even UN-reliable), I thought. I found a story in El Mercurio which states that his father is of Palestinian origin. That makes two reliable sources, so I made the change to Palestinian.
 * Concerning his being Jewish, there are three sources for that, and they're specifically Jewish websites. SamEV (talk) 06:20, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

It was. There were formerly three cited sources for his being Jewish. As to his being Lebanes, the cited source was a good one. Wiki policy does not suggest that the source and statement be deleted once the link goes dead.--Epeefleche (talk) 09:54, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

Also, the fact that he played in the Maccabiah games is of course consistent with him being Jewish.--Epeefleche (talk) 09:54, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Regarding the dead link, you're right. On the other hand, it's not right to remove two sources and replace them with one which supports one's claim. There's room for all three, per WP:NPOV. SamEV (talk) 20:59, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

Tx. Perhaps you differ on this, but I thought that the official olympics site was by far the most reputable of the four for these purposes.--Epeefleche (talk) 08:50, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

Double gold at the Olympics
The introduction states that Massú "is the first and only player to have won both gold medals (singles and doubles) in the same Olympic Games". This is not true. Vincent Richards did this already at the 1924 Summer Olympics. See Tennis_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics. 217.136.154.213 (talk) 22:29, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Thank you. It's fixed. SamEV (talk) 06:08, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Madrid Masters
There is no mention of his Madrid Masters final in his career finals section, it's just not on there. Someone should remedy this as I don't know what date the final took place. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.28.161.228 (talk) 11:29, 1 June 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Nicolás Massú


text:
Hastings–Sunrise

Hastings–Sunrise is a neighbourhood located in the northeastern corner of the city of Vancouver, British Columbia.

One of Vancouver's oldest neighbourhoods, Hastings–Sunrise is primarily residential, with a dense strip of shops and services along East Hastings Street and in pockets along Nanaimo Street, Broadway, Boundary Road and Renfrew Street. The residences are mostly single family detached dwellings, with some multi-family buildings. There is substantial parkland, and the area north of Hastings is partially zoned for light industrial.

Geography
Hastings–Sunrise is bordered by Burrard Inlet to the north, Boundary Road to the east, East Broadway to the south, and Nanaimo Street to the west. The part north of Hastings Street, bordered by Semlin Drive in the west and Renfrew Street in the east, is commonly known as the Round Cape due to its topography. It is a distinct neighbourhood in its own right, with a long history of settlement.

History
The name "Hastings" is a common and historical one in Vancouver for roads, businesses and even a townsite. It is commonly thought to have been derived from the Battle of Hastings from the Norman conquest of England in 1066. In fact, it was named in the mid 19th century to commemorate the visit of the Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Navy Rear Admiral George Fowler Hastings of the Royal Navy from 1866–1869.

Hastings Townsite
Hastings–Sunrise is the northern half of a block of land ear-marked by the Province of British Columbia in the mid-19th century as the future location for a harbour city to complement New Westminster, the town on the Fraser River which was then (in 1863) BC's capital and the terminus city for Western Canada. While Gastown became the shipping destination for the BC coast, New Brighton, as the area was then called, became a popular recreational destination for 19th century New Westminster residents.

The northern half was re-christened Hastings (officially 'The Hastings Townsite') in 1869 in honour of a visit by Admiral Hastings. The first road, hotel, post office, telephone, real estate transaction, and subdivision in what is now Vancouver were all built at Hastings Townsite. The area's first ferry service between Burrard Inlet and Victoria, also operated from here. The area didn't become part of the City of Vancouver until 1911.

20th Century
Hastings as a resort destination drew vacationers not only to the beachfronts, but also to the Hastings Park racetrack. Local residents lobbied for more 'wholesome' activities and draws, and in 1910 the Pacific National Exhibition (PNE) was the result. The PNE leased City land through the Province until 1994, when (again on the basis of local input), the City began to redevelop some of the PNE land into parkland.

By the 1920s, much of the waterfront was occupied by railyards, wheat pools, and the Port of Vancouver, which continues to be a major employer for the area. There is still public waterfront access at New Brighton Park, near the original Hastings resort site, north of Hastings Park and the PNE.

Historically, the area has been primarily working class, with a large immigrant population, mostly Italian-Canadian. More recently, the area has become an attractive location for young professionals and artists, as well as an influx of immigrants from China and other South-East Asian countries.

Demographics
According to the 2001 Census (Vancouver City statistics in brackets), Hastings–Sunrise, with a population of 33,045 residents, is slightly less dense than Vancouver as a whole, at 40.69 people per hectare (47.58). The age demographics of the neighbourhood closely match those of Vancouver City, with both regions having 55.2% of residents under 40 years of age. 41.2% of Hastings–Sunrise residents reported Chinese as their first language (26.4%), with English second at 36.4% (49.4%), and Italian at 7.3% (1.3%).

The average size of Hastings–Sunrise households is considerably higher than that of Vancouver as a whole, at 3.0 persons (2.3), and while the average household income is less than average, at $53,968 (57,916), the percentage of low income households in the neighbourhood is also slightly below average, at 25.7% (27%).

Politics and government
Provincially, Hastings–Sunrise is part of the Vancouver-Hastings electoral district, and federally it is contained within the riding of Vancouver East. Since Vancouver has an at large civic electoral system, there is no local representation on City Council. The neighbourhood has a history of voting for left of centre parties, and for several successive elections (as of 2013) has been represented both federally and provincially by the left wing New Democratic Party.

title: Hastings–Sunrise