text:
Talk:Category (mathematics)

Page name
I moved this page from category (category theory) back to category (mathematics) as this is the most common usage. The other usage is category (topology) which is usually referred to by Baire category, first category, or second category. -- Fropuff 17:31, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)

Subcategories of Set?
The examples given, Rel through Uni, don't appear to be subcategories of Set since generally a set can be made into, for example, a group in many nonisomorphic ways. I think the original author meant to point out that they are concrete categories over Set. Moreover, Rel doesn't even appear to be concrete, since many relations are not functions. Is there some way of viewing these categories as subcategories of Set that I'm not seeing? If so, it should probably be noted, even if not explained in detail. SirPeebles 03:25, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

I'm writing to concur with SirPeebles; Rel is a supercategory of Set, not a subcategory. Also, the start of the section promises to describe composition in each example, but this is not done for Rel. 66.32.207.31 20:33, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I removed the following offending sentence:
 * (The following are subcategories of Set, obtained by adding some type of structure onto a set, by requiring that morphisms are functions that respect this added structure, and where morphism composition is simply ordinary function composition.)
 * I agree they don't seem to be subcategories; perhaps the original author wanted to say "there is a forgetful functor from these Set", which is not the same thing as saying they're subcats. However, it seems premature to try to talk about forgetful functors so early in this article, and so it seems better not to say anything at all. Err, I take that back; this article is notable in failing to use the words "concrete category", and so perhaps a few sentences to that effect should be written, and the list properly classified. linas 04:16, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Done. Cruft patrol. Some editor unthinkingly slapped Rel at the top of the list. I simply changed "subcategory" to "concrete category" and so all should be well. linas 04:49, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

The term "hom-class" in the Definition
The Definition contains this phrase. "... denote the hom-class of all morphisms from a to b." but hom-class is not a link to a definition. What about defining hom-class in the article on Class (set theory) and linking to that? Regards,              ... PeterEasthope 18:58, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * That sentence is attempting to define the phrase "hom-class" as the "class of morphisms"; that's all that it is. "Class of morphisms"is a mouthful, so its just "hom-class" for short. linas 03:56, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Basic Category Theory for Computer Scientists
I was reading Basic Category Theory for Computer Scientists (Pierce, 1991) today, and the intro to the first chapter seemed... to remind me of something. After doing some history searching, it seems that anon user 63.162.153.xxx wrote the Category theory article from scratch, and that text was eventually broken up to create this article. Problem is, that the definition of a category that was used is very, very close to directly lifted from Pierce's book.

I don't want to suggest that the whole article is a copyvio, but it certainly would be good to re-write the definition section in new language that doesn't duplicate this text. -Harmil 19:10, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I take that assertion of blame back, and appologize to whoever that anon user is. The history link only shows edits back to that revision, but the article's origin is actually not available in the history. If you keep clicking on the "older version" link, you eventually get to the automated conversion. So, we may never know who put the text in there, but we can certainly re-write it. -Harmil 19:18, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Sigh. Can you be more specific? I don't have a copy of Pierce's book. But I can pick up, for example, Rotman "An Introduction to Algebraic Topology" and on page 6, there is a definition of a (locally small) Category that is very similar to that in this article. It differs only in punctuation, and misc "filler" words that don't change the flow. I doubt Pierce copied from Rotman's older (1988) book, but from this distance, the definition of a category seems very generic. Is it really verbatim, or just logically similar? linas 03:43, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Composition is a binary operation?
The article says "binary operation hom(a, b) × hom(b, c) → hom(a, c) called composition of morphisms". I think that we only call binary operation to a function S × S → S, not to a function S × R → T. Maybe we could call it function (but hom(a, b) × hom(b, c) and hom(a, c) need not to be sets; I don't know if an association between an unique element of B with each element of A is also called an function from A to B when A and B are proper classes.) Jayme 12:33, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The article binary operation seems to define something called an "external binary operation" that is closer to what you want. But all this seems to be quibbling anyway. I don't believe there is any grave error committed by saying "composition is a binary operation", irrespective of whether the things being composed are classes. Right? linas 03:51, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with you. About binary operations, I believe that there is a notion of "partial binary operation" that would be a function S' ⊆ S × S → S. Then any function A × B → C would be a partial binary operation: just take S = A ∪ B ∪ C...! Jayme 16:58, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

Ens
In MacLane's book, there is repeated mention to a category Ens which seems to me like elements of a power set along with endomorphisms of the original set as arrows among the correct elements of the power set. Does this seem right?
 * Ens is short for "Ensemble" which is how to say "Set" in french. From the definitions of Ens and Ens_v on p.11 and p.12 of CWM, I take Ens to be a generic label for any category of sets, parameterized by and defined in terms of various (any) supersets V. The category Set itself is one of these, the category of "all small sets". I think the motivation for what may seem to be a roundabout or technical relation between Ens and Set is to take a lot of care with avoiding problems like defining the "set of all somethings" in these definitions, but it's probably more nuanced than that. Netrapt (talk) 00:34, 16 August 2021 (UTC)

why to use small categories?
Cone_of_a_functor says: ''Let J be a small category and let C^J be the category of diagrams of type J in C (this nothing more than a functor category). ''

Is there a typical thing I'd like to do with a category, but can't if it is large. Or specific. How about the above article. Can't I define the category of type J in C if J is a large category?

Thanks, JanCK 11:43, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * In between I read Category_of_small_categories

the category of small categories, denoted by Cat, is the category whose objects are all small categories  ''The category Cat is itself a large category, and therefore not an object of itself. ''
 * So what I'm supposed to get is: obj(C) of a category C is a class. So the elements have to be sets? The class article reads

class is a collection of sets (or sometimes other mathematical objects)
 * What kind of objects are these other mathematical objects? JanCK 12:04, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

category definition of real numbers, if available
given their importance it would be great if a definition of the reals could be given in this article. Rich Peterson4.246.233.26 (talk) 10:36, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

 * How about: Reals = class of all complete, ordered fields with field-isomorphisms between them? Thus, Dedekind cuts, equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences, and other models of the Reals are merely the objects of the category: Pick any one of them if you want to work on the internal details; but what makes the Reals the Reals is what all those models have in common -- which exactly what the stated class and its morphisms describe.  Just a suggestion. Jmacwiki (talk) 16:39, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

Recent revisions to the definitions
Hello, I have reverted the revamp to the definition made by COGDEN. The revamp to the intro was quite nice, but I'm not sure why the definitions were revised. I found the revised wording misleading. The revision implied that a category was just a collection of objects and a collection of morphisms; this is not true. By definition, a category must also have a composition operation that is associative. I think this needs to be stressed clearly in the definition: the composition and associativity are not derived properties of categories, they are part of the data. My other concern was the notation hom(a,b), where a and b are classes of objects. I've never seen that in print before, and I don't it's a fundamental notion. Feel free to discuss or rework if you like, though. Sam Staton (talk) 14:59, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

 * An arrow/morphism is usually defined as being composable and associative. Most of the literature definitions I've seen make it really simple: a category is a collection of objects and arrows (arrows being composable and associative). This is also consistent with the definition found in morphism. CO GDEN  07:41, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Composition is an operation defined at the level of a category. Morphisms are composable because the belong to a category. If you read carefully the definition in morphism you see that it refers to the category the morphisms belong to. In order to avoid a circular definition, composition should really be defined here. -- Fropuff (talk) 07:56, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Sam Staton is right (and a professional). A collection of objects and a collection of morphisms, together with the operations 'source' and 'target', is simply a directed graph.  A category is, by definition, such a graph equipped with composition and identity operations satisfying associativity and unit axioms.  A single graph can carry many different category structures.  You have to specify which one you want.  86.156.166.193 (talk) 02:14, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

I removed the statement "The morphisms of a category are sometimes called arrows due to the influence of commutative diagrams." I don't believe there is any evidence for the "influence of commutative diagrams". When I used it in my writing (for example, Michael Barr and Charles Wells, Category Theory for Computing Science third edition. Les Publications CRM, Montreal, 1999.) my motivation was to avoid the suggestion that "map" and "morphism" give that an arrow has to be defined on elements. But others who use the word may have other motivation. Better not to say anything. Wellsoberlin (talk) 19:46, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

Cat category?
Why is the category of categories and functors a small category? Or even locally small? What aspect of the stated definition fails to cover the case of all categories and functors? Jmacwiki (talk) 16:44, 3 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Cat is not small and the "categorie of all categories" (in the sense described in this article) does not exist, since the class of all classes does not exist.Stephan Spahn (talk) 12:36, 11 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Well, either I misread, or the article has been fixed to remove any statement that Cat is small. Either way, my confusion is reduced.
 * As for it not existing: The set "S" of all sets does not exist, as those words are conventionally understood. That's because we can prove that it doesn't: The generally accepted axioms of set theory (ZFAC, presumably) require that the intersection of any set [hypothesized to be S, here] with any class C [of all things having the property that they do not contain themselves as members] be a set; only it isn't, because of the contradiction.  So S itself must not exist.
 * I do not recall that the axioms, or others that are generally accepted, impose the same requirement on classes. (Indeed, that seems to be the value of distinguishing sets from classes in ZF.)  Do they? Jmacwiki (talk) 01:20, 30 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Well, there is the notion of Cat which is the category of all strict small categories. See  for details.  Seems we also have an article here on WP: Category of small categories. And, by appealing to the idea of a 2-category to hold them all (the enriched category over Cat), aka higher category theory, you can build the 2-category of all categories, without contradiction. Or so they say; I don't yet understand it. linas (talk) 04:23, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

Does hom mean homomorphism?
In the Definition section, it's implied that hom(a,b) means "a morphism from a to b". So first of all, is this is a correct supposition?

One reason the article leaves this in doubt is because "hom" is conspicuously similar to "homomorphism", which in turn is conspicuously different from plain "morphism". So a reader (ie: me) would be resistant to jumping to conclusions about which one is actually the same as (or a superset of) the others. For example, would it be correct to infer that "homomorphism" is a synonym for "morphism"?

Anyhow, it would be very helpful for these basics to be spelled out. Gwideman (talk) 01:11, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Hom(a, b) is the collection of morphisms, not an individual one.

 * Yes, it's short for homomorphism. I don't think there's a fundamental difference. It's just that in some contexts you talk about homomorphisms, while morphism is a more general term. Peter jackson (talk) 15:03, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

Since in category theory we speak of the morphisms of a category rather than the homomorphisms of a category, why is "hom" used rather than a term that suggests morphisms rather than homomorphisms. One possibility would be "morph". John Link (talk) 14:48, 22 February 2020 (UTC)

Rel and allegories
''The category Rel consists of all sets, with binary relations as morphisms. Abstracting from relations instead of functions yields allegories instead of categories.''

This is very confusing. I think the underlying problem is that "allegories instead of categories" implies, falsely, that allegories are not categories. 68.239.116.212 (talk) 05:31, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

"Between" two objects
Any preordered set (P, ≤) forms a small category, where the objects are the members of P, the morphisms are arrows pointing from x to y when x ≤ y. Between any two objects there can be at most one morphism.

Is "between any two objects" ambiguous? If there is one morphism from A to B and one from B to A, is the condition "between any two objects there can be at most one morphism" violated? Not according to the meaning it must have in the above, but one might interpret it otherwise. How about saying "There can be at most one morphism from any object to any other object"? 68.239.116.212 (talk) 06:05, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

Lead
Hi. In March I put the category of sets in the second sentence of the article, because I believe it is the most important and informative example of a category. I've reinstated it there. It's true that monoids and preorders are categories, and that is often useful, but that's not why categories were invented and it's rarely the primary motivation for them. Still, I've left them in the third sentence in case Classicalecon feels strongly about it. Best, ComputScientist (talk) 09:57, 3 June 2011 (UTC)

Element-free definition needed.
Somewhere toward the end of this article, we should provide several alternative definitions for a category, including an element-free one. viz using diagrams. In particular, it would be nice to show how a category is a 3D simplicial set with objects being 0-D, morphisms 1-D, composition 2D and associativity 3D. I think that's a slick trick worth showing. Also at least a short blurb about enriched categories and other extensions... linas (talk) 04:41, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I have no clue why I felt I needed to write the above. Its just another random idea, a to-do list item. linas (talk) 04:46, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Hmm, the article on enriched category has several figures that could be recycled here... linas (talk) 05:28, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

Large and Locally Small Categories
I think that all the examples you have given of large categories are locally small.

An example of a large category that was not locally small and stated as such would help make the distinction clearer. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.27.207.97 (talk) 23:04, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

"Mathematical objekt"
I noticed that "mathematical objekt" redirects to Category (mathematics) instead of mathematical object. What is the reason for this? Jarble (talk) 01:47, 3 April 2018 (UTC)

 * I don't know the answer to your question, but you could change the redirect to Mathematical_object. John Link (talk) 21:22, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

"Like group" vs. "like monoid"?
Why do we start with the statement that categories are "like groups"? If we want the reader to start from something familiar, why mention the less similar "group" instead of the closer "monoid"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jmacwiki (talk • contribs) 22:33, 3 May 2018 (UTC)

This entire article is strange
The fact that Category here is compared to Groups and other Algebraic structures seems completely ridiculous, and it gives the wrong intuition I think for what a Category is. The correct analogy would be from Small Categories to other other Algebraic structures, since then the statement “A Small Category is a set equipped with ...” would logically map onto the other Algebraic structures in the chart at the top. As it stands it is extremely confusing why Catgory is so much more profound than group theory, because it appears that Categories are just groups but with less structure. INLegred (talk) 22:29, 6 November 2018 (UTC)

Below is a link to a video of a lecture by Eugenia Cheng that explains categories with simple mathematical examples and also non-mathematical examples. Perhaps this line of thinking could be used to make this article less strange and more accessible to a wider audience.

Category Theory in Life: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho7oagHeqNc

John Link (talk) 23:22, 22 February 2020 (UTC)

Why the term "category"?
I know that mathematics uses all sorts of terms whose mathematical meanings does not correspond to their everyday meanings. But I'm still curious about the reason for using the term "category", which in everyday use seems to have a meaning close to that of "set" or "class". John Link (talk) 14:58, 22 February 2020 (UTC)

Why is this article separate from Category theory?
It seems to me that either they should be merged, or that at the very least, there should be hatnotes for disambiguation and context. It is too far out of my competence for me to do it, but something either is wrong, or incomplete. JonRichfield (talk) 04:29, 3 September 2020 (UTC)

Should the property of transitive arrows be in the group like structures table
categories need transitive arrows, but this is not written in the group like structures table. Is this because every group like structure has one? is it just a natural property of a closed property inherent in a group? I think it should be added for clarity. Glubs9 (User Talk:Glubs9:talk) 22:19 12 August 2021 (UTC)

Definition makes it sound almost as if hom(a, b) is non-empty for all a, b
> for every three objects a, b and c, a binary operation hom(a, b) × hom(b, c) → hom(a, c) called composition of morphisms; the composition of f : a → b and g : b → c is written as g ∘ f or gf.

I like the way nlab says the same thing but with morphisms instead: https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/category#OneCollectionOfMorphisms

> for every pair of morphisms f and g, where t(f) = s(g), a morphism g∘f, called their composite

Actually, their second definition of a category is even easier for me to read: https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/category#AFamilyOfCollectionsOfMorphisms Mateen Ulhaq (talk) 10:12, 22 December 2021 (UTC)

"Locally small category" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Locally small category and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 September 23 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. 1234qwer1234qwer4 08:25, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

Not good information for me
Please note 2001:56B:3FE5:3FAD:D5A0:4D47:10FE:3E5 (talk) 01:32, 28 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Category (mathematics)


text:
Winx

Winx or WINX may refer to:

Winx Club franchise

 * Winx Club, an Italian-American animated television series
 * World of Winx, an Italian animated television series and a spin-off of Winx Club
 * Fate: The Winx Saga, an Italian-British live action television series based on Winx Club
 * The Winx, the protagonists and title characters of Winx Club

Radio

 * WINX-FM, a radio station from Maryland
 * WINX, former call sign for WLXE, (1600kHz–Rockville, Maryland)

Other uses

 * Winx (horse) (foaled 2011), Australian Thoroughbred racehorse
 * Winx, alias of American DJ Josh Wink (born 1970)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Winx


text:
John MacAulay

John Alexander MacAulay, (May 29, 1892 – November 6, 1978) was a Canadian lawyer, businessman, and community volunteer from Winnipeg, Manitoba. He was a member of the Canadian Red Cross Society, as well as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, eventually serving as the chairman of the Board of Governors of the International League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. He was also involved with the Canadian Bar Association, and served a one-year term as the national president of the CBA. He was also Honorary Colonel of the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada.

Early life
MacAulay was born in Morden, Manitoba, one of the seven children of Finlay MacAulay (1842-1918) and Margaret MacDonald (1860-1930). He obtained his LL.B. from the University of Manitoba in 1918 while serving in the Canadian Medical Corps.

Legal practice and business activities
Upon being called to the bar, MacAulay joined the Winnipeg law firm of Aikins, MacAulay & Thorvaldson. He eventually became partner in the firm, specializing in tax law. In 1931, his status in the profession was recognized by his appointment as King's Counsel by the Manitoba government.

MacAulay was also a businessman. He was a vice-president and director of the Bank of Montreal, and is credited with bringing the Safeway grocery chain to Canada. He was a vice-president of Safeway until his death.

President of the Canadian Bar Association
MacAulay was active in the Canadian Bar Association. In 1953-54, he served as national president of the CBA. He was the third lawyer from Aikins MacAulay & Thovaldson to serve as national president, the previous two being Sir James Aikins (1914-1927) and Gordon Harold Aikins (1942-1943). A fourth lawyer from Aikins MacAulay & Thorvaldson, A. Lorne Campbell, would also be president (1970-1971).

Red Cross work
MacAulay was a long-time volunteer with the Red Cross. During the Second World War, he was president of the Manitoba Red Cross, and from 1950 to 1951 he was president of the Canadian Red Cross Association.

In 1952, he chaired the 18th International Conference of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Toronto, when tensions over the Korean War threatened to shatter the international association. His diplomatic handling of the situation, and response to the positions of opposing factions within the association, helped to preserve the unity of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

From 1959 to 1965, he was chairman of the Board of Governors of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. During his tenure, the number of national societies rose from 88 to 106. He was chairman when the International Red Cross Committee and the League of Red Cross Societies received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1963.

Personal interests
MacAulay was a member of Westminster United Church in Winnipeg. During the 1930s and 1940s, he taught one of the largest adult Bible classes in Canada.

An avid art collector, he was active with the Winnipeg Art Gallery (1950-1953) and the National Art Gallery of Canada (1955-1957). Part of his collection is now housed in the Winnipeg Art Gallery.

Honours

 * 1931 - appointed King's Counsel by the Manitoba government
 * 1953 - awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Manitoba
 * 1967 - appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada, the highest Canadian civilian honour, for his services to the Red Cross at home and abroad.
 * 1970 - awarded the Centennial Medal of Honour by the Manitoba Historical Society
 * 1970 - awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Winnipeg
 * 1971 - appointed an Honorary Patron of the Canadian Foundation of the International College of Surgeons
 * 1973 - awarded the Henry Dunant Medal, the highest honor the Red Cross can award, at the 22nd International Conference in Tehran. He was the first Canadian to receive this medal.
 * Honorary life member of the St. Andrew's Society of Winnipeg.

title: John MacAulay


text:
User:BodachMor

A person with interests sufficient for terminal diffusion of effort.

The words 'bodach mor' are Scottish Gaelic, meaning, 'big old man'.

title: User:BodachMor


text:
Oba Otudeko

Oba Otudeko CFR is a Nigerian businessman who serves as the founder and chairman of the Honeywell Group. He was a former chairman of FBN Holdings and founder of the Oba Otudeko Foundation. As of June 2017, his estimated net worth was US$550 million.

Early life and education
Ayoola Oba Otudeko was born in Ibadan, Oyo State, South-West Nigeria on 18 August 1943 to a royal family, thus making him an Omoba of the Yoruba people. His mother was a business woman. He studied at St. John's School,Oke Agbo, Ijebu-Igbo in Ogun State, and Olivet Baptist High School, Oyo. Later, he studied Accountancy at the Leeds College of Commerce Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom (which is now part of the Leeds Beckett University). Professionally, Oba Otudeko is a Chartered Banker, Chartered Accountant and a Chartered Corporate Secretary.

Oba Otudeko has also attended executive management training programmes at International Institute for Management Development (IMD), Harvard Business School and Hult International Business School (then known as Arthur D. Little School of Management).

Banking career
Oba Otudeko was in bank employment for 23 years, rising to become the General Manager and acting Chief Executive Officer of then Cooperative Bank, Ibadan. He retired from the bank in 1983. The Federal government of Nigeria appointed him a Director to the Board of the Central Bank of Nigeria.

Honeywell Group
In the 1970s, Oba Otudeko founded Honeywell Enterprises. The trading enterprise company later grew into Honeywell Group, a diversified industrial, trading and investment conglomerate.

Achievements and awards
Oba Otudeko was elected the 16th President of the Nigerian Stock Exchange in September 2006, and tried to transform the Nigerian capital market. In addition to the Honeywell Group, Oba Otudeko was also Chairman of FBN Holdings Plc and has, at various points, been Chairman of Airtel Nigeria Limited and Fan Milk of Nigeria Plc. He was on the Board of First Bank of Nigeria Plc for 12 years, retiring as the Chairman in 2010. He has also held directorship positions in private companies operating in real estate, international trade and finance, and brewing, including Guinness Nigeria and Ecobank Transnational Inc.

Oba Otudeko was Chairman of the Nigerian-South African Chamber of Commerce (NSACC) and aimed to facilitate investment flows into Nigeria. During his tenure as the NSACC Chairman, the volume of Nigeria-South Africa bilateral trade grew significantly from $16.5 million in 1999 to $2.9 billion in 2010. He was also on the Board of the NEPAD Business Group – Nigeria.

He was Chairman of the Business Support Group (BSG) for delivery of the National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan (NIIMP). In 2013, he was also appointed the chairman of the Digital Africa Conference Exhibition in Abuja, Nigeria

From 2001 to 2010, he was Chancellor of the Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State

Oba Otudeko's awards include: Honorary Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) from Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye. Honorary Doctor of Science in Banking and Finance from Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Honorary Doctor of Science Degree (D.Sc.) from Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo Town, Oyo State;. Entrepreneur of the Year Award at the ThisDay Awards in 2009. Ernst & Young Lifetime Achievement Award; Leadership Newspaper Business Person of the Year 2015; Silverbird Extraordinary Lifetime Achievement Award and recently, the 2016 Africa CEO Forum's Africa CEO of the Year Award.

Personal life
He is married to Mrs Adebisi Aderonke Otudeko and he is the founder of the Oba Otudeko Foundation.

title: Oba Otudeko


text:
Polly Berry

Polly Berry (c.1803–1805 – after 1865) was an African American woman notable for winning two freedom suits in St. Louis, one for herself, which she won in 1843, and one for her daughter Lucy, which she won in 1844. Having acquired the surnames of her slaveholders, she was also known as Polly Crockett and Polly Wash, the latter of which was the name used in her freedom suit.

Polly was born into slavery in Kentucky, first held by the Beatty family. She was separated from her mother when she was seven or eight years of age, when she was sold to Joseph Crockett. In October 1817, the Crocketts moved to Illinois, taking Polly with them. While in Illinois, she worked in exchange for lodging for the Crockett family, corn for their livestock, and $2 a day in wages. According to state law, enslaved people were freed after residing in the state for more than 90 days. In April 1818, Crockett had Polly taken to Missouri, where she was sold. She was with different owners over a five-year period, and then sold to Major Taylor Berry. After his death, she was owned by Taylor's wife, Fannie, and upon her death she was held as an enslaved woman by Judge Robert Wash. She was with the Berry and Wash families for 12 or 13 years. During that time, she was married to one of the Berry's enslaved men. They had two daughters, Nancy and Lucy. Robert Wash sold her husband to someone in the Deep South, separating Polly and her husband for the rest of their lives.

Polly sought freedom for herself and her daughters. Her daughter Nancy escaped to Canada. She sued for her own freedom based on having been held illegally as a child slave in the free state of Illinois. In 1842, Polly sued for the freedom of her daughter Lucy Ann Berry, as the girl had legally been born to a free woman. That case was argued by Edward Bates, the future United States Attorney General under President Abraham Lincoln.

Wash was declared a free woman of color and received a freedom bond on September 26, 1843 and was allowed to reside in the state of Missouri. In a separate, but related suit, Lucy was freed. The mother and daughter worked together as seamstresses and lived together with Lucy's husband of 42 years.

Polly's life is known through the records of her freedom suit and her daughter Lucy Delaney's memoir, From the Darkness Cometh the Light, or, Struggles for Freedom (1891), which give different accounts of Polly's life before Lucy was born.

Early life
Polly Wash was born a slave of the Beatty family of Wayne County, Kentucky around 1803 or 1805. She was with her mother until she was seven or eight, when she was sold to Joseph Crockett of the same county. Crockett's son-in-law was David Beatty, who may have been Polly's slaveholder. Shortly after her purchase, the Crocketts settled in an area near the Kentucky and Tennessee border, where Crockett ran grist and saw mills and was a farmer.

In October 1817, when she was about fourteen, Crockett moved Polly and his family about four miles from Edwardsville, Illinois. The Crocketts lived in a cabin near two other families, the John Woods and the Andrew Poseys, who all knew each other in Kentucky. Polly lived with the Poseys. Known at that time as Polly Crockett, she was hired out as a domestic worker and spinner to their neighbors for $2 per week and in exchange for corn to feed their livestock and the use of a cabin for the Crocketts.

Illinois, a free state, held that slaveholders who brought slaves into the state for extended periods forfeited their rights to their "property." After 90 days in the state, slaveholders were required to register their slaves as indentured servants, which legally made them free. Concerned that Polly might be entitled to her freedom, Crockett's son, William, pressed him to continue on his journey to Missouri. At his father-in-law's request, David Beatty accompanied William on the trip to sell Polly in Little Dixie of central Missouri in April 1818. She was taken up the Missouri River and lived there, within the slave state of Missouri, from 1818 to around 1823. During the five-year period, Polly was purchased by a farmer, Thomas Botts, with whom she stayed for a year. In debt, he sold all of his property, including his slaves.

The Berry and Wash households
Around 1823, Polly was sold to a Major Taylor Berry in St. Louis, Missouri and was then known as Polly Berry. She worked as a domestic servant, laundress, seamstress, and nursemaid.

Major Berry was a land speculator. In 1824, Berry was tried and acquitted for charges of forgery and perjury by Abiel Leonard, the prosecuting attorney for the First Judicial District of Missouri in Howard County. Embarrassed by the trial, Berry used a rawhide whip to assault Leonard, who challenged him to a duel. On September 1, 1824, Berry was shot in the lung and three weeks later died of pneumonia. By June 3, 1826, his widow, Frances (Fannie) Christy Berry married Robert Wash, one of three Supreme Court of Missouri justices. Polly was then known as Polly Wash. Polly, Lucy, and Nancy moved to Wash Mansion. Frances traveled to Pensacola, Florida for her health and died there by February 6, 1829.

Polly was enslaved by the Berry and Wash families for 12 or 13 years. During that time, she was married to a slave, said to be a mulatto, and had two daughters, Lucy Ann and Nancy. Lucy was born about 1830. While Polly was with Robert Wash, he had hired Polly out in Illinois, up the Illinois River, for five weeks or more. Wash received $15 a month for her wages.

According to Lucy, she and her family were to be set free, according to Taylor Berry's will. But, Berry's will does not mention freeing any slaves. Fannie's widower Robert Wash sold Polly's husband to a plantation in the Deep South. At some point, Polly, Lucy, and Nancy went to Taylor and Fannie Berry's daughter, Mary. Lucy was hired out for a time to a Mrs. Underhill.

Flight
Committed to pulling her daughters out of slavery, Polly prepared her daughters for escape. Mary Berry was married to Henry Sidney Coxe on March 21, 1837, and Nancy was taken with them on their honeymoon trip, with a stop in Niagara Falls, New York. Nancy, instructed by Polly to escape into Canada (where slavery was abolished), received guidance from a servant at their hotel and made it safely across the border and into Canada. Polly was owned by the Coxes. She worked on the riverboat The Banner along the Mississippi River, during which there were stops in Illinois and Missouri. She was also said to have worked as a chambermaid on a steamboat that traveled along the Illinois River.

As the result of an argument, the Coxes decided to sell Polly at a slave auction on Main Street of St. Louis. She was sold to Joseph Magehan, a carpenter and lumberman from St. Louis. According to Lucy, Polly escaped to Chicago, was caught, and returned to St. Louis. Polly claimed that Magehan assaulted her on September 30, 1839, after which she filed her freedom suit.

Lucy remained a slave of Mary Berry and Henry Sidney Coxe, both of whom had "fiery personalities". She took care of their children. Lucy went to Mary's younger sister, Martha, around the time that Polly filed her freedom suit. She was believed to have been a wedding present when Martha married David D. Mitchell, who was a regional Superintendent for Indian Affairs. Lucy was a domestic servant, tasked with doing the laundry. She used water from the Missouri River, which was muddy and often ruined the clothing. As a result, Martha's attempted to physically abuse her, and Lucy resisted. After being threatened to be sold in the Deep South, Lucy escaped to the cottage of her mother, who had her hide at a friend's house.

Freedom suits
In 1824, Missouri passed a law that allowed for people to sue for their freedom.

Polly Wash
Polly filed a freedom suit in the St. Louis Circuit Court on October 3, 1839, on the basis that, as a child, she had been illegally held as a slave in the free state of Illinois (Polly Wash v. Joseph M. Magehan). Her attorney was Harris Sprout.

She sued Magehan for freedom and $500 in damages to pay for her time as a slave in the free state of Illinois. She was hired out as a laundress. This had happened due to a request by Magehan, which Judge Luke Lawless ordered on January 20, 1840. She was hired out to Elijah Haydon (also spelled Hayden), a schoolmaster and reformer from Alton, Illinois who had settled in St. Louis. If she lost the suit, Magehan and the state of Missouri would be compensated with her wages. Haydon allowed her freedom to move throughout St. Louis, and in April 1840 to Illinois, where Polly communicated with possible witnesses while the case languished in the Missouri courts. In court, the witnesses noted that she had been in Illinois for an extended period of time, during which Crockett was aware of the law that would free her and he also promised to free her.

Four years after filing the suit, in the St. Louis Circuit Court, Polly Wash won her liberty and a single dollar in damages. By law, a slave's residence in a free state conferred freedom. According to the doctrine "once free, always free," that liberty was permanent.

On June 6, 1843, Polly Wash was declared a free woman by an all-white jury, on the basis of witnesses who testified she had been held as a slave in Illinois for months. This precedent of "once free, always free" had been set in the 1824 Missouri case of Winny v. Whitesides. Polly had asked for $500 (~$ in ) in damages. The court awarded her one dollar. She was issued a freedom bond on September 26, 1843.

Lucy Ann Delaney
Polly filed suit on September 8, 1842, as a "next friend" of her daughter against David D. Mitchell. Her own case had not yet been tried, and as a slave she had no individual legal standing, but the law allowed her to file a suit on behalf of her minor daughter. According to the rule of partus sequitur ventrem, which had been adopted into US slave law, the status of children followed that of the mother. Since Lucy was born to a woman considered free at the time in Illinois, she should also have been free. A $2,000 bond was established by Judge Bryan Mullanphy, should Mitchell try to reclaim Lucy. Mitchell wanted to ensure that Lucy was kept in St. Louis until the trial. Lucy was remanded to jail, where she was held for 17 months. Lucy's case was not heard until February 7 and 8, 1844, and until that time, Lucy was ill from the poor conditions of the jail that was crowded, cold, damp, and smelled of sewage. She did not have sufficient clothing for the conditions. Lucy benefited from visits from her mother and the kindness of the jailor Benjamin Lacy's sister-in-law, likely Minerva Ann (Doyle) Lacy, the wife of Lewis Fernandez Lacy. Francis B. Murdoch, the former district attorney for Alton, Illinois, prepared the case to free Lucy. He was highly involved in freedom suits in St. Louis.

The prominent Whig politician Edward Bates, a slaveholder, argued the case in court. He was later appointed as the US Attorney General under President Abraham Lincoln. With the case settled by the principle of "once free, always free," Bates was able to convince the jury that her daughter Lucy should be freed. She left the jail the day the verdict was made. Once free, Lucy would have had to register with the city of St. Louis and find someone to post bond in support of her registration.

Wash filed a second suit on behalf of her daughter, for $1,000 in damages against David D. Mitchell for false imprisonment. By this suit, Polly and Murdoch may have been trying to preclude Mitchell from appealing the court's decision, in addition to seeking reparations for poor conditions that Lucy suffered in jail. They later dropped the suit without trial.

Freedom
Polly lived with her daughter Lucy Ann for the rest of her life. They worked together as seamstresses. They made a comfortable living and were able to travel to Canada to visit Nancy. Polly visited her daughter Nancy and grandchildren in Toronto in 1845, and the younger woman offered to settle her there. Berry chose to return to Lucy Ann and her familiar St. Louis roots.

Lucy married Frederick Turner, but soon after he died in a steamboat explosion. She then was married in St. Louis to Zachariah Delaney. Four of their children died in their youth. The Delaneys were married for 42 years.

Polly died after the Civil War, without seeing her husband again. Lucy located her father near Vicksburg, Mississippi, and Lucy, Nancy, and their father reunited for a visit in St. Louis.

More than 45 years after attaining her freedom, after a life of civic activism, in 1891, Lucy published her memoir From the Darkness Cometh the Light, or, Struggles for Freedom. It was the only first-person account of a freedom suit.

title: Polly Berry


text:
Capel-le-Ferne

Capel-le-Ferne is a village on the White Cliffs of Dover, near Folkestone in Kent, England. Its name derives from a medieval French term meaning "chapel in the ferns". In 2011 the village had a population of 1,884. It is perched on top of the White Cliffs of Dover.

Its foremost attraction is the Battle of Britain Memorial, opened by the Queen Mother on 9 July 1993 and dedicated to those who fought in the battle. The Memorial is built upon part of a coastal battery (No. 2 and No. 3 guns) used during the Second World War (the other part of the battery site is privately owned and is under restoration).

The Channel Tunnel runs underneath the northernmost part of the village.

The village is twinned with the commune of Oye-Plage, which is about seven miles (12 km) east of Calais, France.

Transport
The New Dover Road, also known as the B2011, runs through the village. The A20 runs to the north, and is used by freight and ferry traffic heading for Dover.

Governance
The electoral ward of Capel-le-Ferne includes Hougham Without and at the 2011 census it had a population of 2,347.

In popular culture
Russell Hoban gave Capel-le-Fern the name "Crippel the Farn" in his post-apocalyptic novel Riddley Walker (1989).

title: Capel-le-Ferne


text:
Corton (wine)

Corton is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for red and white wine in the Côte de Beaune subregion of Burgundy. It is located on a hill shared between the three villages of Aloxe-Corton, Pernand-Vergelesses and Ladoix in the Côte de Beaune, Burgundy. The appellation covers the lower parts of the Corton hill and includes several subordinate vineyard names, or climats, within the AOC. Because of the size of the AOC and the variability of these climats, it is the rule rather than the exception that the name of the climat is indicated together with that of the Corton AOC, leading to designations such as Corton Clos du Roi and Corton Les Bressandes. Corton is rare in this aspect, as the 'climat' is seldom used for other Grand Cru appellations in Côte d'Or. The AOC was created in 1937.

Corton wines are mostly red (around 95 per cent of the total production in the AOC) and made from the Pinot noir grape, however a smaller quantity of white Corton from Chardonnay is also produced. Around 500,000 bottles a year are produced from the vines.

The Corton appellation itself is the Côte de Beaune's only Grand Cru appellation for red wine, and is the largest Grand Cru of Burgundy.

Production
In 2008, 94.78 ha of vineyard surface was in production within the AOC, and 2,984 hectoliter of wine was produced, of which 2,822 hectoliter red and 162 hectoliter white. This corresponds to just under 400,000 bottles, of which just over 21,000 were white Corton.

Producers
As with most Burgundy vineyards, several different producers own parts of the vineyard and produce and sell their own finished wines, or sell their grapes or wines to négociant-éleveurs for vinification or bottling and distribution.

Corton, Corton-Charlemagne and Charlemagne
There are three partially overlapping Grand Cru AOCs that cover the vineyards on the Corton hill; Corton for red and white wine, Corton-Charlemagne for white wine, and the little used Charlemagne for white wine. Corton-Charlemagne from Chardonnay grapes mostly originate from the higher parts of the hill. The vineyard surface of these three appellations totalled 147.5 ha in 2008. Many vineyard parcels on the hill are allowed to be used either for red Corton or white Corton-Charlemagne.

Climats
Climats within the Corton AOC and permitted on bottlings include:

In Aloxe-Corton:

In Ladoix-Serrigny:

In Pernand-Vergelesses:

title: Corton (wine)


text:
Robinson Canó

Robinson José Canó Mercedes (born October 22, 1982) is a Dominican-American professional baseball second baseman for the Diablos Rojos del México of the Mexican League; he also captains the Estrellas Orientales of the Dominican Professional Baseball League. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, Seattle Mariners, New York Mets, San Diego Padres, and Atlanta Braves.

A native of San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic, Canó signed with the Yankees organization as an amateur free agent in 2001. He played for the Yankees from 2005 to 2013, also winning the 2009 World Series over the Philadelphia Phillies. In December 2013, Canó signed a 10-year, $240 million contract with the Mariners and he played for them from 2014 to 2018, when he was traded to the Mets. Canó recorded 1,695 hits in the 2010s, the most of any major league player during that decade. He is an eight-time MLB All-Star, a five-time Silver Slugger Award winner, and a two-time Gold Glove Award winner. Canó is also the 2017 All-Star Game MVP and the 2011 Home Run Derby winner.

Canó has tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs twice. In 2018, Canó was suspended from MLB for 80 games for violating the league's joint drug agreement by using furosemide. Canó was also suspended for the entire 2021 season after testing positive for stanozolol.

Canó has represented the Dominican Republic in international play. In the 2013 World Baseball Classic (WBC) tournament, he won both a gold medal and a Most Valuable Player Award (MVP). Along with WBC teammates Octavio Dotel and Santiago Casilla, Canó became one of four players to have won both a World Series and a WBC.

Early life
Cano's father, José Canó, signed with the New York Yankees as an amateur free agent in 1980 and pitched in the Yankees' and Atlanta Braves minor league systems before making his Major League debut and pitching six games for the Houston Astros in 1989. Robinson was named after baseball legend Jackie Robinson.

Canó was born in San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic, and grew up in the Dominican Republic, though he lived in New Jersey for three years. He spent seventh, eighth, and ninth grades in the Newark School System, attending Barringer High School for one year. When his family moved back to the Dominican Republic, Canó attended San Pedro Apostol High School in San Pedro de Macorís, where he played for the school's baseball and basketball teams. In the Dominican Winter Baseball League he plays for his hometown team, the Estrellas Orientales.

Minor leagues
After graduating from high school, Canó was signed by the Yankees on January 5, 2001, as an amateur free agent, receiving a signing bonus of over $100,000. He began playing in their minor league system that season, debuting with the Gulf Coast Yankees of the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League and the Staten Island Yankees of the Class-A Short Season New York–Penn League. Canó played for Staten Island and the Greensboro Bats of the Class-A South Atlantic League in 2002. Canó played for the Tampa Yankees of the Class-A Advanced Florida State League and Trenton Thunder of the Class-AA Eastern League in 2003, by which point he was viewed as a top prospect. Canó appeared in the 2003 All-Star Futures Game.

Canó was one of the five prospects offered to the Texas Rangers to complete the Yankees' acquisition of Alex Rodriguez before the 2004 season. The Rangers selected Joaquín Árias instead.

Canó began the 2004 season with Trenton, receiving a promotion to the Columbus Clippers of the Class-AAA International League. When the Kansas City Royals began to seek trade offers for Carlos Beltrán, the Yankees moved Canó to third base in an effort to showcase Canó for the Royals. The next month, the Yankees attempted to trade him to the Arizona Diamondbacks as part of a package to acquire Randy Johnson. He began the 2005 season with Columbus.

2005
Canó was called up to the major leagues on May 3, 2005, while hitting .330 in 108 at bats with Columbus, and took over second base from Tony Womack. On May 5, Canó got his first career base hit off of Hideo Nomo of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. Canó belted his first career grand slam this season as well. He finished second in American League Rookie of the Year balloting to Huston Street of the Oakland Athletics. Canó finished the year, however, with the third-worst walk percentage in the league, 3.0%. During 2005, manager Joe Torre compared Canó to Hall of Famer Rod Carew. Torre clarified that he meant that Canó "reminded" him of Carew, in terms of his build, presence at the plate, and smoothness in his swing.

2006: First All-Star season
In 2006, Canó led the American League (AL) All-Star balloting at second base, but could not play after being placed on the disabled list for a strained hamstring. After his return from injury, however, on August 8, 2006, Canó led the league in batting average, doubles, and runs batted in. During late September 2006, Canó accumulated enough at-bats to once again qualify for the AL batting race. Canó was rewarded the AL Player of the Month award for September.

Canó finished 2006 with the third best batting average in the AL (.342, just two points behind teammate shortstop Derek Jeter and five points behind Minnesota Twins catcher Joe Mauer), and ninth in the league in doubles (41). He also led the AL in batting average on the road (.364; 96/264) and after the sixth inning (.353; 55/156). He had the third-worst walk percentage in the league at 3.6%. Canó received three votes for AL MVP.

2007–2008
In 2007, Canó gave up his number 22 to Roger Clemens, choosing to wear the number 24, a reversal of Jackie Robinson's number 42, in tribute to him. After a slow start to the 2007 season which saw him hit a meager .249 through May 29, Canó found his stroke batting .385 in the month of July with six home runs and 24 RBI to raise his season average to .300 by the end of the month. He finished 2007 sixth in the league in games played (160), ninth in triples (7), and tenth in hits (189), doubles (41), and at bats (617). He was the only batter in the top 10 in doubles in the AL in both 2006 and 2007.

On January 24, 2008, Canó signed a contract extension for $28 million over the next four years in the 2008 through 2011 seasons. The deal also included options for the Yankees for the 2012 and 2013 seasons, worth $27 million.

Canó struggled early in the 2008 season, hitting only .151 in April with just 7 RBIs. He improved later in the year, hitting .300 from May through August.

Canó recorded the final walk-off hit in Yankee Stadium history by singling in the winning run in the bottom of the 9th inning in the Yankees 1–0 victory over the Orioles on September 20, 2008. In the final game at Yankee Stadium the next night (September 21, 2008), Canó recorded the final RBI in Stadium history with his sacrifice fly in the 7th inning, scoring Brett Gardner with the Stadium's final run. Canó missed only five games over the 2007 and 2008 seasons, and was one of only three Yankees to hit a home run as a pinch hitter.

2009: World Series Championship
In 2009, Canó hit .320 with 204 hits, 25 home runs and 85 RBI. Canó ranked in the top ten among players in the American league in hits, extra base hits, total bases, at bats, doubles, batting average, runs scored, and triples. It was his first year hitting over 20 home runs. His 200th hit against the Boston Red Sox to clinch the AL East Division made him and Derek Jeter the first middle infield duo in MLB history to both have 200 hits in the same season.

His 204 hits ranked third for hits during the 2009 season, and first among all second basemen. Canó also led second basemen in batting average. Canó also played in 161 games which was the most games played by a player during the 2009 season. He also hit his first career walk-off home run: a 3-run walk-off home run on August 28 against the White Sox. On November 4, Canó threw out Shane Victorino for the final out of the 2009 World Series.

2010: Second All-Star and first Gold Glove season
With the departure of Hideki Matsui, Canó was moved into the fifth spot in the batting order. For his early season performance, Canó was named the AL Player of the Month for April 2010. He was elected as the starting second baseman in the 2010 MLB All-Star Game and was selected to participate in the 2010 Home Run Derby; however, he withdrew due to a minor injury. He finished the season with a milestone 200 hits and 100+ RBIs (109).

Canó performed ably in the middle of the lineup, replacing Matsui and Alex Rodriguez while Rodriguez was on the disabled list, as he had improved his batting with runners in scoring position.

Canó hit .343 with four home runs and 6 RBIs in the 2010 postseason. He finished the season with a .996 fielding percentage, the best for a second baseman in MLB, committing only three errors in 158 games. He turned 114 double plays and recorded 341 putouts. Canó won the American League Gold Glove Award for second basemen in 2010, the first by a Yankee second baseman since Bobby Richardson's five-year run from 1961 to 1965. Canó also won the American League Silver Slugger Award for second basemen with a batting average of .319, 29 home runs and 109 runs batted in. In addition, he finished third in the voting for AL MVP.

2011: Third All-Star and first Silver Slugger season
Canó had a rough first half to his defensive season. By July, he had committed twice as many errors as he had in his entire Gold Glove-winning 2010 season, in which he had three.

Canó was selected for the 2011 MLB All-Star Game as a starting second baseman, and was chosen to participate in the 2011 Home Run Derby. With his father pitching, Canó won the derby, setting a record for home runs in the final round with 12 home runs despite having an additional four outs remaining.

Facing the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim on August 10, Canó fell a single short of hitting for the cycle. It marked the second time in his career that he missed the cycle by a single (the first being in 2005). Canó finished the 2011 season with 188 hits, 28 home runs, and a career-high 118 RBIs in 159 games.

In Game 1 of the 2011 AL Division Series, Canó hit a grand slam in the bottom of the sixth inning to give the Yankees an 8–1 lead. It marked his fourth grand slam of the year, including the regular season. He sandwiched the home run between two run-scoring doubles, giving him 6 total RBI for the game. The Yankees would eventually lose the series in five games to the Detroit Tigers.

2012: Fourth All-Star season
While Canó hit only one home run in April, he recovered to hit seven homers in May, and a career-high 11 home runs in June. He returned to compete in the 2012 Home Run Derby but was not able to repeat the previous year's victory. Instead, he hit zero home runs and finished in last place, and was booed by the Kansas City fans for not having chosen the Royals' Billy Butler to participate in the competition after previously stating that he would choose a Royal. He became the ninth player to fail to hit a home run in the Derby, and first since Brandon Inge in 2009.

On July 20, 2012, Canó extended his career-high hitting streak to 23 games with a single off of Oakland Athletics pitcher Tommy Milone in a 3–2 Yankees loss. And, in the last 10 games of the season, he went on a ferocious tear, going 24-for-39 for an .615 average with three home runs, seven doubles and 14 RBI. Canó finished the 2012 season with a .313 batting average, 48 doubles, 33 home runs, and 94 RBI.

Canó performed poorly during the postseason. Over his first eight games in the 2012 AL Division Series and AL Championship Series, he batted .083 (3-for-36), including a stretch from October 9–16 when he was hitless after 29 at-bats, the longest hitless streak for any single year of the postseason play in MLB history. In the Game 4 finale, when the Tigers' sweep of the Yankees was complete, again Canó went 0-for-4, and his 2012 postseason average dropped to .075 (3-for-40).

On October 29, the Yankees exercised Canó's club option for 2013 for $15 million, keeping him away from free agency for another year.

2013: Fifth All-Star season
On April 13, 2013, Canó made his first career appearance at shortstop. He began the first half of the 2013 season with a .302 batting average, 21 home runs, and 65 RBI. He was named the AL captain for the 2013 Home Run Derby. During his only plate appearance of the 2013 All-Star Game, he was hit by a pitch thrown by Matt Harvey and suffered a right quad contusion. Cano left the game and was replaced by Dustin Pedroia. He only played for two pitches.

On August 20, Canó hit his 200th career home run, a three-run blast to center field off of Toronto Blue Jays pitcher Esmil Rogers at Yankee Stadium. During the 2013 season, Canó batted .314 with 190 hits, 27 home runs, and 107 RBI in 160 games played.

Seattle Mariners (2014–2018)
In December 2013, Canó signed a 10-year, $240 million contract with the Seattle Mariners. Canó was offered a seven-year, $175 million contract to return to the Yankees, but turned it down in search of a longer deal.

2014: Sixth All-Star season
Canó made his debut for the Mariners on March 31, going 2-for-4 with a double. Canó recorded his first RBI for the Mariners on April 2. On July 6, Canó was named the AL starting second baseman for the 2014 MLB All-Star Game. This marked Canó's sixth career All Star selection, and his fifth consecutive. Canó finished the season with a .314 batting average with 14 home runs and 82 RBI. During August, he began to suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms that were later diagnosed as resulting from an intestinal parasite.

After the season, Canó traveled to Japan to join a team of MLB All-Stars playing against All-Stars of Nippon Professional Baseball in the 2014 Major League Baseball Japan All-Star Series. He fractured a toe during the series, requiring 3–4 weeks to heal.

2015
Canó suffered through acid reflux during the 2015 season, which resulted from the treatment of the parasite. He was not named to the 2015 All-Star Game roster, ending a streak of five consecutive years as an All-Star. He hit .287 with 21 home runs, 34 doubles, and 79 RBIs in 156 games during the 2015 season, but improved in the second half of the season, batting .330. He tied for 2nd in the AL in double plays grounded into, with 26. After the 2015 season, Cano had surgery to repair a sports hernia.

2016: Seventh All-Star season
On May 7, 2016, Canó hit his 250th career home run, joining Joe Gordon and Jeff Kent as the only second basemen to reach 250 career home runs within the first 12 years of their career. He was selected to his seventh All-Star Game, played at Petco Park in San Diego. On August 28, Canó reached 30 home runs for the second time in his career, hitting it against the Chicago White Sox. In 161 games, Canó finished the season with a .298 batting average, 195 hits, 33 doubles, 39 home runs, and 103 RBI.

2017: Eighth All-Star season
On May 16, 2017, the Mariners placed Canó on the 10-day disabled list due to a right quadriceps strain, retroactive to May 13. It was only the second time that Canó went on the disabled list in his career. In the All-Star Game at Marlins Park, Canó hit a home run in the top of the tenth inning off of Wade Davis that would give the American League a 2–1 win, earning him All-Star Game MVP honors. On September 13, Canó was ejected for the first time in his career for arguing with Vic Carapazza over a strike call. Canó hit his 300th career home run on September 21 versus Keone Kela of the Texas Rangers, becoming just the third second baseman in history to reach the milestone, following Jeff Kent (377) and Rogers Hornsby (301). The home run also made him the 16th major leaguer to bat at least .300 with 2,000 hits, 1,000 runs scored, 1,000 runs driven in, and 500 doubles.

2018: Suspension-shortened season
Canó homered versus Lance McCullers Jr. in a 4–1 loss to the Houston Astros on April 18, 2018, to give him 302 for his career, and pass Hornsby for second place all-time among second basemen. On April 29, Canó hit his 100th home run as a member of the Mariners, versus Josh Tomlin in a 10–4 victory over the Cleveland Indians. On May 13, against the Tigers, Canó was hit by a pitch on the right hand, and left the game. His right hand was diagnosed with a fracture in the fifth metacarpal bone.

Two days into his injury, on May 15, Canó was suspended 80 games for testing positive for Furosemide, a diuretic better known as Lasix, which was a violation of MLB's performance-enhancing drugs policy. Canó returned to the Mariners on August 14, having served his suspension.

For the season, he batted .303/.374/.471.

New York Mets (2019–2022)
On December 3, 2018, the Mariners traded Canó, Edwin Díaz, and $20 million to the New York Mets for Jay Bruce, Jarred Kelenic, Anthony Swarzak, Gerson Bautista, and Justin Dunn, as part of the Mariners' mass-rebuilding process.

In his first at bat as a Met, Canó hit a home run off of Max Scherzer of the Washington Nationals. However, after a first half of the season which included two stints on the injured list, a career-high strikeout rate, and an 'F' grade from Mike Puma of the New York Post, the Mets' trade for Canó was described as "a massive misstep" by Connor Byrne writing for MLB Trade Rumors, and as "an unmitigated disaster" by Mike Mazzeo of Yahoo Sports. On July 23, 2019, Canó had his first career three-home-run game and drove in all five of the team's runs during a game at Citi Field against the San Diego Padres. Canó's second half saw a major improvement – he posted a second half OPS of .880 versus a .646 OPS in the first half.

In 2019, Canó batted .256 (the lowest of his career)/.307/.428 with 13 home runs and a career-low 39 RBIs. He rebounded in the pandemic-shortened 2020 season. His .316/.352/.544 slash line was second on the team in batting average and slugging percentage and his 141 wRC+ was fourth. It proved to be his best offensive season since leaving the Yankees in terms of OPS+ and wRC+. After the 2020 season, he played for Dominican Republic in the 2021 Caribbean Series.

On November 18, 2020, Canó was suspended for 162 games after testing positive for Stanozolol in violation of MLB's performance-enhancing drugs policy, rendering him ineligible for the entire 2021 season. This was his second time testing positive for a PED. Canó returned to the Mets in 2022. On May 2, the Mets designated Canó for assignment after he batted .195 with one home run in 41 at bats. He had only received sporadic opportunities to play, not regularly but coming off the bench. On May 8, the Mets released Canó, making him a free agent.

San Diego Padres (2022)
On May 13, 2022, Canó signed a major league contract with the San Diego Padres. Canó batted .094 in 12 games for the Padres, with 10 strikeouts in 34 plate appearances, and was released by the Padres on June 2.

On June 10, Canó re-signed with the Padres on a minor league contract and was assigned to the El Paso Chihuahuas of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League.

Atlanta Braves (2022)
On July 10, 2022, the Padres traded Canó to the Atlanta Braves for cash considerations. He made his Braves debut against the New York Mets the next day. The Braves designated Canó for assignment on August 1, after acquiring Ehire Adrianza; Canó batted 4-for-26 (.154) in nine games for the Braves. He was released on August 4, becoming a free agent.

In aggregate, in 2022 in 33 games and 100 at bats for the three teams, he batted .150/.183/.190 with 4 walks and 25 strikeouts, and was the slowest second baseman in major league baseball, with a sprint speed of 24.3 feet per second.

Dubai Wolves (Baseball United)
In September 2023, Canó joined the ownership group of Baseball United, a professional baseball league based in Dubai. On October 23, 2023, he was selected sixth overall in the league's draft by the Dubai Wolves. During the league's inaugural all-star showcase, Cano batted leadoff for the United West All-Stars in both games and went a combined 2 for 7 with 2 doubles and a walk.

Diablos Rojos del México
On March 1, 2024, Canó signed with the Diablos Rojos del México of the Mexican League.

Dominican Republic
Canó has participated for his native country, Dominican Republic, in four World Baseball Classic (WBC) tournaments, held in 2009, 2013,2017, and 2023.

In the 2013 edition, Canó batted 15-for-32 (.469). The Dominican Republic defeated Puerto Rico 3–0 in the finals to win the championship and became the first undefeated team in the tournament's history. Canó was named the Most Valuable Player of the Classic. He joined Dominican Republic teammates Octavio Dotel and Santiago Casilla as part of the four players to ever have won a World Series and World Baseball Classic, after Daisuke Matsuzaka completed the feat. The four were later joined by a fifth, Koji Uehara, after he won in 2013 with the Boston Red Sox. Eleven more players have gone on accomplish the feat, including David Robertson with whom Cano won a World Series in.

In 2017, Canó was named the captain of the Dominican Republic team. After going 3–0 in the first round, the Dominican Republic lost its first game to Puerto Rico which ended their streak of 11 straight wins dating back to the 2013 World Baseball Classic. The team failed to advance to the championship round and Canó finished 6-for-20 (.300) with a home run and 3 RBIs.

Highlights

 * Awards and exhibition team selections
 * All-World Baseball Classic team (2013)
 * 2× American League Player of the Month (September 2006, April 2010)
 * 7× American League Player of the Week (September 18, 2005; July 22, 2007; August 5, 2007; May 30, 2010; August 22, 2010; July 1, 2012; May 8, 2016)
 * Baseball America MLB Rookie All-Star at second base (2005)
 * GIBBY/This Year in Baseball Awards for Rookie of the Year (2005)
 * 3× Home Run Derby participant (2011–13)
 * Home Run Derby Champion (2011)
 * 8× MLB All-Star (2006, 2010–14, 2016, 2017)
 * Starting second baseman (2010–14)
 * MLB All-Star Game MVP (2017)
 * New York Yankees Minor League Player of the Year (2004)
 * 2× Rawlings Gold Glove Award at second base (2010, 2012)
 * 2× Wilson Defensive Player of the Year Award at second base (2012, 2013)
 * 5× Silver Slugger Award at second base (2006, 2010–13)
 * South Atlantic League All-Star at shortstop (2002)
 * Staten Island Yankees (Class A) uniform number (17) retired (2007)
 * 2× World Baseball Classic participant for Dominican Republic (2009, 2013)
 * World Baseball Classic MVP (2013)

Personal life
Canó has a son, also named Robinson, who lives with his mother in the Dominican Republic.

On November 13, 2012, Canó became a naturalized United States citizen.

Canó is noted for his charity work. Hackensack University Medical Center (in New Jersey) named a pediatric rehabilitation ward after him. In 2015, Canó opened a Montessori school in his hometown of San Pedro de Macoris.

title: Robinson Canó


text:
Lucky Bag

The Lucky Bag is the term for the United States Naval Academy yearbook dedicated to the graduating classes. A traditional Lucky Bag has a collection of photos taken around the academy and photographs of each graduating officer along with a single paragraph describing the individual written by a friend. While no one knows for sure, it is speculated that it is named after the "lucky bag" that contains the possessions of sailors who lost items at sea.

Each year, every midshipman and graduating officer receives a Lucky Bag and every edition of the Lucky Bag is archived by both the Naval Academy and the United States Naval Academy Alumni Association. Lucky Bag digital copies (1894 - 1974) are shared on Nimitz Library Collections.

History
Every man-of-war, you know, has her Lucky Bag, containing a little of every thing, and something belonging to every body.

For variety of contents, a regular Lucky Bag may vie with the caldron that witches boil and bubble “at the pit of Acheron.”

 * horse of middy and waister’s sock,
 * dresses of a cat mouse game
 * Purser’s slops and topman’s hat,
 * Boatswain’s call and colt and cat,
 * Belt that on the berth-deck lay,
 * In the Lucky Bag find their way;
 * Gaiter, stock and red pompoon,
 * Sailor’s pan, his pot and spoon,
 * Shirt of cook and trowser’s duck,
 * Kid and can and “doctor’s truck,”
 * And all that’s lost, and found on board,
 * In the Lucky Bag is always stored.''

“This bag,” Mr. Editor, which I am about to overhaul, has been open for fifteen or twenty years. The facts collected about the Navy during that time — hints dropped by messmates — opinions, notions, &c., have, been picked up and carefully preserved in this “bag.” Before I proceed though, to arrange from this medley of the “bit o’ writin” for you, mm, I must in good earnest bespeak the indulgence of your readers, and seriously invite their attention to the facts which go to show a link to 10 pages,

Matthew Fontaine Maury, USN, used the term "Lucky Bag", and defined it, long before the United States Naval Academy was created. Matthew Maury wrote many articles about the "Lucky Bag" and called the articles, "Scraps From The Lucky Bag". It was information on Naval reform in all its venues and more. This is well known by serious historians. The use of term goes back further than 1820 in the United States Navy and back to the British Navy. Read the link to see a typical "Lucky Bag Scrap" on US Naval Reform. The United States Naval Academy, to a huge extent, was created due to Matthew Maury's "Scraps From The Lucky Bag" that were published under noms de plumes in newspapers, copied, and passed around in flyers in and outside of the USN to stir people to action for changes in the Navy and transcribed by William Maury Morris for these modern times.

The lucky bag is also defined as a where loose items from a ship are stored until being returned to the owner. According to the 1940 edition of The Bluejacket's Manual (a handbook for U.S. Navy enlisted personnel), "The lucky bag is a place where the police petty officers stow for safe-keeping effects that are found adrift about the ship. All clothes, etc., found about the decks are placed in the lucky bag. When clothes are piped down, the police petty officer attends and takes care of all clothes not called for and places these in the lucky bag. All effects in this bag belong to the person who lost them. At frequent intervals the lucky bag is opened and the effects distributed to the owners. Where persons have been guilty of carelessness in leaving their effects adrift, they are placed on the report." According to the log of the USS Yosemite, on June 24, 1898 several sailors were given 72 hours extra duty for having an article in the lucky bag.

Lucky Bag Presidents
Collaborating with Jostens, the Lucky Bag president is responsible for managing the complete production of the Lucky Bag at the United States Naval Academy. This includes documenting 36 companies, 36 varsity sports, 20 club sports, 20 Brigade Support Activities, over 130 Extracurricular Activities, and numerous events across the Brigade of Midshipmen. The substantial weight of the book, often at 13 pounds, is a reflection of the comprehensive content it contains.

title: Lucky Bag