text:
Talk:A Global Threat

Minor Cleanup
I removed the line:

"The band has made a huge mistake by signing to jailhouse records, a label known for ripping off bands" --

-- at the end of the lineup section. Not only does it not make any sense for that statement to be floating around by itself in a section about the band's lineup, it doesn't conform to the neutrality policy of Wikipedia's article content, nor does it cite any sources.

Partial Discography
These are the albums currently listed on Amazon.com as of May 25, 2005 (sorted by release date):

 * The Kids Will Revolt 7"   released Feb,1998   Label: Crack Rock Records
 * Until We Die released February 15, 2000   Label: Gmm
 * What the Fuck Will Change? released July 4, 2000   Label: Step 1
 * Here We Are released April 16, 2002   Label: Punkcore Records
 * What the Fuck Will Change?   released November 19, 2002   Label: Punkcore Records
 * Until We Die   released January 13, 2004   Label: 'ADD'
 * A Global Threat / General Strike split CD   released Oct,2007   Label: Crack Rock Records

names
We need last names to go with the first names in the article. It looks like the link to the band's home page is broken or down. RJFJR 00:07, August 7, 2005 (UTC)

street punk
this band is street punk

Pictures
I am unable to access live internet (excluding Wikipedia)... I think there should be at least one band picture up. If someone could do that, it would be greatly appreciated by me, as well as others.

Thanks, ForcedInduction 17:31, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Please watch page
I noticed some vandalism on the page thanks Catalytic chrisT 03:38, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:A Global Threat


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David Bradby

David Bradby (27 February 1942 – 17 January 2011) was a British drama and theatre academic with particular research interests in French theatre, Modernist / Postmodernist theatre, the role of the director and the Theatre of the Absurd. He wrote extensively on the theatre of Samuel Beckett, Roger Planchon, Jacques Lecoq, Arthur Adamov among many others. He also translated several works, principally by Michel Vinaver, Jacques Lecoq and Bernard-Marie Koltès.

Life
Born in Kollupitiya in Colombo, Sri Lanka, where his father was principal of a teacher-training college, Bradby was educated at Rugby School in Rugby, England, where "he developed a passion for directing plays, taking over the production of light comedy from his English master". He originally studied Modern Languages at Trinity College, Oxford, but started to develop an interest in the theatre. During his time as a language assistant in Lyon, Bradby became a bit-part actor in Roger Planchon's theatre company.

Bradby's subsequent education saw him taking a postgraduate teaching course at the University of Bristol, and then a PhD on the playwright Arthur Adamov at the University of Glasgow.

His academic career included the founding of the Department of Drama at the University of Kent in 1970, as well as work with the British Council in Nigeria. He developed the first colloquium on popular film and theatre, featuring contributions from the British theatre director Max Stafford-Clark. Bradby was appointed head of the Department of Drama at the University of Caen, Normandy, before moving to Royal Holloway, University of London, in 1988, where he also took the position of department head. He retired in Summer 2007.

Bradby edited the Cambridge University Press "Studies in Modern Drama" series, as well as the journal Contemporary Theatre Review. His 1988 book Directors’ Theatre, co-written with David Williams, had "a defining influence on younger British innovators such as Katie Mitchell and Simon McBurney."

He was Professor Emeritus of Drama and Theatre at Royal Holloway. He gave many public lectures and broadcasts and was also a consultant and advisor to many productions of works by Jean Genet, Molière, Michel Vinaver and Bernard-Marie Koltès.

In 1997, Bradby was made a Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres by the French government in recognition of his contribution to the study of French culture. Bradby had been married to the author Rachel Anderson since 1965. He died aged 68 on 17 January 2011. A celebration of his life and work was held in and around the Department of Drama & Theatre at Royal Holloway on Sunday, 5 June 2011.

Awards named after Bradby are given out annually by the Theatre and Performance Research Association and the Standing Conference of University Drama Departments.

As editor

 * Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt: Plays I (2002)
 * Frontline Drama 6: New French Plays (1998)
 * Bernard-Marie Koltès: Plays I (1997)
 * Michel Vinaver: Plays I; Plays II. (1997).
 * Michel Vinaver: Théâtre de Chambre (1995)
 * Landmarks of French Classical Drama (1991)
 * New French Plays (with C. Schumacher) (1989)
 * Kean (1973)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: David Bradby


text:
Bill Alfonso

William Matthew Sierra (born August 11, 1957), better known by his ring name Bill Alfonso, is an American former professional wrestling referee and manager, currently performing for Major League Wrestling (MLW), where he serves as the manager of Matthew Justice. He achieved his greatest success in Extreme Championship Wrestling in the mid-to-late 1990s. He is well known for the whistle that was almost always hanging around his neck, which he blew constantly during his wrestlers' matches.

Early career, World Championship Wrestling and World Wrestling Federation (1979–1995)
Alfonso refereed his first match in Texas at the age of 21. He was the official in a chain match between The Sheik and Terry Funk. Shortly thereafter, he took on a regular role as a referee in Championship Wrestling from Florida. He is seen on footage from 1983 as an "NWA official" sitting in the conference room as the main event of the first Starrcade between Harley Race and Ric Flair is being announced by Bob Geigel. He then worked in every major American promotion, including World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation, where he was a referee for The Undertaker and Giant Gonzalez (who Alfonso was an agent for) match at WrestleMania IX.

Extreme Championship Wrestling (1995–2001)
Alfonso made his debut in Extreme Championship Wrestling In May 1995 at Enter the Sandman as a "trouble-shooting referee". Introduced by Shane Douglas, he angered many ECW fans with strict enforcement of the rules and disqualifications of wrestlers for such ECW traditions as using steel chairs as weapons. In this role, he engaged in a feud with ECW founder Tod Gordon that resulted in several wrestling matches.

Alfonso was then stripped of his refereeing duties and took on the role of Taz's manager and helped him on a winning streak that lasted over a year. In the midst of Taz's feud with Sabu, however, Alfonso turned on his charge and aligned with Sabu. In this role, he performed more than the usual duties, as he actually managed Sabu's finances. Rob Van Dam later took on Alfonso as a manager and formed a tag team with Sabu. Alfonso also led Van Dam to the longest ECW World Television Championship reign in the history of ECW. In September 1997 at As Good as It Gets, Alfonso fought Beulah McGillicutty with this match becoming infamous because Alfonso lost 1/3 of the blood in his body according to Paul Heyman.

Return to WWE (2005–2006)
Alfonso returned to the WWE (the former WWF) and was at the 2005 ECW One Night Stand managing Sabu and standing in the ring with RVD while RVD delivered a shoot style promo. Alfonso returned at ECW One Night Stand 2006 after Rob Van Dam won the WWE Championship, as he celebrated with him and the rest of the then-ECW Roster.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2010)
On August 8, 2010, Alfonso took part in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's ECW reunion show, Hardcore Justice, managing both Rob Van Dam and Sabu during their match against each other. On the following edition of TNA Impact!, the ECW alumni, known collectively as Extreme, Version 2.0 (EV 2.0), were assaulted by A.J. Styles, Kazarian, Robert Roode, James Storm, Douglas Williams and Matt Morgan of Ric Flair's Fourtune stable, who thought they didn't deserve to be in TNA.

Independent promotions (2001–2021)
Since the closing of ECW, Alfonso has appeared in several independent promotions. He worked one match in Xtreme Pro Wrestling as a referee. He has also worked in Elite Wrestling Entertainment as a referee and a manager, as well as managing wrestlers in Squared Circle Wrestling and Pro Wrestling Unplugged. In May 2007, he made his first appearance with Women's Extreme Wrestling, where he serves as a manager and as commissioner.

On December 18, 2021, Alfonso wrestled against Ziggy Haim in an intergender match for Absolute Intense Wrestling in Cleveland, Ohio in which Haim won.

Other media
In October 2002, fellow manager Missy Hyatt sued Alfonso in a case televised on Judge Mathis. She accused Alfonso of damaging her Porsche and was awarded $500. Alfonso also had other run ins with the law, being arrested for a stolen rental vehicle in Georgia, DUI and possession of cocaine in Tampa, violation of probation and testing positive for heroin. Alfonso served jail time in Tampa for the vop charges. He also found himself in trouble with the Tampa police for other charges throughout the early 2000's contributed from a heroin addiction.

Awards and accomplishments

 * Cauliflower Alley Club
 * Charlie Smith Referee Award (2024)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * PWI Manager of the Year (1997)

title: Bill Alfonso


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Spinifex pigeon

The spinifex pigeon (Geophaps plumifera), also known as the plumed-pigeon or gannaway pigeon, is one of three endemic Australian bird species within the genus Geophaps. It occurs within a broader group known as bronzewing pigeons. This species is listed under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List category of "least concern". It most frequently occurs in arid and semi-arid habitats containing hummock-forming grasses of the genera Triodia and Plectrachne.

Taxonomy
John Gould described the spinifex pigeon in 1842 and there have been several revisions at both the species and subspecies level. The current taxonomy was determined through a comprehensive examination of twelve variables in 712 specimens from 54 localities. Three subspecies are recognised:
 * 1) Eastern spinifex pigeon (central eastern white-bellied subspecies) Geophaps plumifera leucogaster
 * 2) North-western spinifex pigeon (north-western white-bellied subspecies) Geophaps plumifera plumifera
 * 3) Pilbara spinifex pigeon (brown bellied western subspecies) Geophaps plumifera ferruginea

Geophaps p. subsp. plumifera, is found in the arid areas of north-western and northern Australia, Geophaps plumifera subsp''. leucogaster inhabits central Australia and north-western Queensland, and Geophaps plumifera'' subsp. ferruginea, is found in the Pilbara, Western Australia.

The divergence of the subspecies recognised has been linked to isolation caused by aridity from climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene. It is thought that G. p. plumifera was originally present in the interior of Australia and much of north and central Australia in a less arid period. Subsequent aridity is thought to have resulted in the isolation of a western group, now recognised as G. p. ferruginea, followed by a later split of a northern group, currently recognised as G. p. leucogaster. The later split thought to have resulted in less divergence.

Subsequent oscillations in climate are thought to have resulted in a degree of hybridisation between the groups with a subsequent split leading to the presence of brown-bellied birds in the western Kimberly and residual genes of brown-bellied birds in the western portion of the central-eastern white-bellied group.

Description
The spinifex pigeon is a small and compact pigeon, which weighs 80-110 g, has a mean body length of 200 - 235mm, and has their wingspan of 300–350 mm. Males are slightly larger than females, and generally difficult to visually differentiate.

The plumage is distinctively rufous-brown with thin black bars on the wings and back. The forehead, sides of crown and ear coverts are grey and the bill is black. The facial markings are bold and distinctive, a bright red facial mask is bordered by a black supercilium and moustachial stripe. A white band extends from the chin to behind the eye and the throat is black. A white stripe is present on the breast, and the legs and feet are grey. There is no seasonal variation in plumage.

There is substantial geographical variation in the colour of the plumage on the belly, which is reflected in the separation of the western brown-bellied birds from the other subspecies recognised.

Distribution and habitat
The spinifex pigeon occurs throughout much of arid and semi-arid northern and central Australia. It lives in arid and semi-arid stony habitats on rocky hills and mountainous terrain, gorges, dry rocky creek beds and nearby gibber plains. It occupies environments which often experience extreme heat during the day, extreme cold during the night, high seasonal fluctuations in rainfall, and extended periods of severe drought. This species is most often encountered in habitats containing hummock forming grasses of the Triodia and Plectrachne genera, which are colloquially referred to as ‘spinifex grasses’. These grasses may form extensive areas of grassland in comprise the understorey component of low open savannah and woodlands of Desert Oak (Allocasuarina decaisneana), Eucalypts and Mulga (Acacia aneura). Although strong associations with spinifex are reported, in some areas it is rarely sighted in spinifex and prefers other types of sparse grassland.

Presence around urbanised areas is rare, however does occur in natural habitats occupied by humans and is reported to have foraged on food provided to domestic fowl on at least one occasion.

Spinifex pigeons do not travel long distances to water, requiring permanent water in close proximity to foraging areas. Both natural and man-made water sources are exploited including waterholes and watercourses and stock drinking troughs.

Behaviour
This species is considered gregarious and sedentary, restricted to habitats within a few kilometres of permanent supply of surface water. They are most often found in pairs or small groups of between four and twenty birds, however, on a rare occasion, have been recorded in a large flock conservatively estimated to number four hundred birds.

They are more frequently observed congregating around water sources in small groups for drinking prior to and during the hottest parts of the day around mid-morning and noon.

Congregations of larger groups occur during favourable seasonal conditions, with dispersal during less favourable conditions or when numbers build up in good seasons. Flocks appear to have regular home ranges, travelling to and from foraging and watering points as a group. It is thought that individuals may move between flocks, however the frequency of this is unknown.

On occasion, this species engages in a spectacular bowing display, where the tail is spread erect like fan, the folded wings are raised and the pupils contract. The shining patches of the secondary feathers flash into view at the same time that the black outer tail feathers become visible. The display is not always directed at other individuals and may simply self-assertive.

This species also has a head-shaking display that appears as a greeting between pairs and in threat to other individuals. The bird assumes a crouched over position with head lowered and crest flattened and thrusts forward shaking the bill and head.

Breeding
Breeding occurs throughout the year with highest levels during spring and summer, coinciding with peak rainfall periods and increased supply of food.

Copulation is performed on the ground. The nest is scratched out in a grass-lined depression on stony ground and may be located within sight of other nesting pairs. Two cream coloured eggs are laid and incubated by the female for 16 to 18 days by both the male and female. Observations of captive birds indicate that the young are independent at four to six weeks. Average lifespan for wild birds is not reported in the literature.

Large populations can form, however birds disperse and numbers decline following extended periods of extreme drought. After rain, when food supplies increase, there is often a slow recovery in numbers due to local breeding.

Food and foraging
Spinifex pigeons are unique among many other desert birds in that they are sedentary arid spinifex habitat specialists. They are capable of enduring extreme conditions and the availability of drought-resistant seed plants varies greatly with seasonal conditions, often declining substantially during periods of extended drought.

They forage on the ground singly, in pairs or small flocks for seeds, vegetable matter and insects, mostly in bare areas between clumps of grasses and occasionally in dry rocky watercourses or dry margins of wetlands.

The diet is almost entirely made up of the seeds of drought-resistant grasses and herbs, with spinifex perhaps surprisingly not an important food source overall (Frith and baker). Animals and vegetative material contribute to the diet in trace amounts. Spinifex pigeons will also take some foods given by humans, particularly around camping areas.

Foraging mostly occurs early in the morning and late in the afternoon during cooler periods of the day in close proximity to water sources.

Avoidance of predators
Spinifex pigeons are weak long distance fliers being more suited to vertical and short horizontal movements, which aid in escape from predators in preferred habitats such as steep hills and gorges. Approached birds are generally bold and may remain still until approached at very close distances. They are a predominantly terrestrial species and rely on running movements and the camouflage provided by their rufous plumage against the desert sand and rocks to escape predators, rather than evasion by flight, and will frequently run away when approached rather than take to the wing.

At the nest adults have been recorded to respond defensively in captivity and have been recorded to abandon the eggs or hatchlings as a decoy to predators in the wild.

Voice
The spinifex pigeon has a complex repertoire of calls including advertising calls, a display call, contact calls, alarm calls and threat calls (Hanzab). In general calls range from a soft high-pitched coo or cooloo-coo to a deep coo-r-r-r.

Adaptations to desert environments
Spinifex pigeon inhabit harsh desert environments and must be able to cope with substantial water and heat stress. Their geographic range includes one of the hottest places on earth, Marble Bar, Western Australia, where air temperatures exceed 37.8 °C up to 160 days of the year.

Hydration is achieved by drinking and metabolic water production, as water intake from food sources is low and maintenance of positive water balance is crucial due to the importance of evaporative cooling for thermoregulation at high ambient temperatures. Accordingly, spinifex pigeons generally occur in close proximity to permanent water sources.

The ability of the spinifex pigeon to withstand high ambient temperatures is a combination of low body heat production, the ability to increase non-evaporative heat loss by hyperthermia and elevated dry thermal conductance, and a relatively high evaporative water loss.

Threats and conservation
There are early reports from settlers that the replacement of horse studs with sheep grazing initially resulted in a reduction in the extent of suitable habitats for this species. Other authors suggest, however, that the range of this species is likely to have expanded since European settlement in Australia, due to the installation of permanent stock watering points in areas previously without surface water.

Current threats are more likely to include overgrazing by stock and feral animals, inappropriate fire regimes and increased ambient temperatures and reduction in water availability due to climate change.

Currently the species is listed on the IUCN Red List as a species of least concern and its habitats are protected in several national parks throughout its range including the Tjoritja/West MacDonnell National Park, Watarrka National Park, Purnululu National Park, Kakadu National Park and Diamantina Lakes National Park.

Similar species
The crested pigeon is the only other Australian pigeon species with an erect crest. However, the spinifex pigeon can be easily distinguished by its smaller size, rusty coloured plumage, distinctive facial markings and occurrence in desert habitats.

title: Spinifex pigeon


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Uruapan International Airport

Uruapan International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de Uruapan); officially ''Aeropuerto Internacional Lic. y Gen. Ignacio López Rayón'' (Lic. y Gen. Ignacio López Rayón International Airport) is an international airport located in Uruapan, Michoacán, Mexico. It serves domestic flights and it supports flight training, executive, and general aviation activities. Operated by Grupo Olmeca-Maya-Mexica (GAFSACOMM), a federal government-owned corporation, the airport is named after Ignacio López Rayón, a leader in the Mexican War of Independence. In 2022, the airport served 151,151 passengers, and in 2023, the passenger count was 173,005.

History
The first air services to Uruapan began in 1937, connecting the city to Acapulco. The airport joined the Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares (ASA) network in 1970. Regional airlines like Aero Cuahonte and Aero Sudpacífico were once based here. Over the years, Uruapan Airport has been served by various airlines, including Aeromar, Avolar, Lineas Aereas Azteca, and TAESA Airlines. International services started in October 2012 with Volaris offering flights to Los Angeles. In 2023, airport operations shifted to Grupo Olmeca Maya Mexica (GAFSACOMM), a military-owned entity, aligning with the López Obrador administration's strategy to involve the armed forces in major infrastructure projects.

Facilities
The airport is situated within the Uruapan urban area, covering an approximate area of 264 ha, at an elevation of 1603 m above sea level. It features a 2400 m asphalt runway, capable of accommodating aircraft such as Boeing 737 and Airbus A320. The commercial aviation apron spans 15652 m2 with the capacity to host three narrow-body aircraft. The official operating hours of the airport are from 7:00 to 19:00.

The passenger terminal, a two-story structure, accommodates arrivals and departures, offering standard services commonly found at regional airports. These services include parking facilities, a check-in area, a security checkpoint, a VIP lounge, retail outlets, immigration and customs facilities, baggage claim zones, an arrivals hall with car rental services and taxi stands, and a departure concourse with three gates providing direct access to the apron, allowing passengers to board their planes by walking to the aircraft. Furthermore, the airport houses logistics and courier companies, administrative, and police facilities.

Accidents and incidents

 * TAESA Flight 725, a DC-9, crashed on take-off from Uruapan International Airport en route to Mexico City on November 25, 1999, killing all 18 people on board.

title: Uruapan International Airport


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Lee Kyung-eun

Lee Kyung Eun (born February 14, 1992) is a South Korean group rhythmic gymnast. She represents her nation at international competitions. She competed at world championships, including at the 2015 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships.

title: Lee Kyung-eun


text: Portal:Ukraine/Featured picture

title: Portal:Ukraine/Featured picture


text:
Talk:TEC-XX

Ending
I am not sure if it was Mario or Peach he contacted in the ending. I'm about to go to bed, so I left it at Mario (also the reason many of the links aren't up). Could someone help me here? -SA-

Maybe it was Peach. Maybe i gots proof. i do. well, tec sorta loves peach.

title: Talk:TEC-XX


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Death of Garry Hoy

Garry Hoy  (January 28, 1954 – July 9, 1993) was a Canadian lawyer who died when he fell from the 24th floor of his office building at the Toronto-Dominion Centre in Toronto, Ontario. In an attempt to prove to a group of prospective articling students that the building's glass windows were unbreakable, he threw himself against the glass. The glass did not break when he hit it, but the window frame gave way and Hoy fell to his death.

Background
Garry Hoy was a corporate and securities law specialist for the law firm of Holden Day Wilson in Toronto. While giving a tour of the Toronto-Dominion Centre to a group of articling students, he attempted to demonstrate the strength of the structure's window glass by slamming himself into a window. He had apparently performed this stunt many times in the past, having previously bounced harmlessly off the glass. After one attempt which saw the glass hold up, Hoy tried once more. In this instance, the force of Hoy slamming into the window removed the window from its frame, causing the entire intact window and Hoy to fall from the building. This occurred in a small conference room adjacent to a boardroom where a reception was being held for new articling students.

Structural engineer Bob Greer was quoted by the Toronto Star as saying, "I don't know of any building code in the world that would allow a 160 lb man to run up against a glass and withstand it." In another interview, the firm's spokesman mentioned that the glass, in fact, did not break, but popped out of its frame, leading to Hoy's fatal plunge.

Hoy's death contributed to the closing of Holden Day Wilson in 1996, which at the time was the largest law firm closure in Canada.

In popular culture
Hoy's experience was featured in numerous television shows, including MythBusters and 1000 Ways to Die (in the episode "Unforced Errors").

Hoy's death was also adapted as a fictionalized plot point in the fifth season of Canadian dramedy series Workin' Moms.

title: Death of Garry Hoy


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Morton Deyo

Vice Admiral Morton Lyndholm Deyo (1 July 1887 – 10 November 1973) was an officer in the United States Navy, who was a naval gunfire support task force commander of World War II.

Born on 1 July 1887 in Poughkeepsie, New York, he graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1911, and served over a career of 38 years. His highest Navy rank in active service was Rear Admiral, attaining Vice Admiral at retirement. He was awarded three medals of personal honor, the Distinguished Service Medal (Navy), and the Legion of Merit with Gold Star.

Deyo served in both the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets. In the Atlantic, he commanded the destroyers which provided the first American escort assistance to allied convoys to England just prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. He later commanded naval gunfire support at Utah Beach in the Normandy invasion, Task Force 129 at the Bombardment of Cherbourg, as well as during the invasion of Southern France.

When transferred to the Pacific, Rear Admiral Deyo assumed command of Cruiser Division 13 (CruDiv 13). He commanded gunfire and covering force for the assault and occupation of Battle of Okinawa. During the battle, he was the last naval commander to form a battle line with battleships as they prepared to intercept the JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Yamato. At the war's end, he accepted the surrender of Japanese forces at Sasebo, Kyushu and directed the Allied Occupation of Western Japan.

Early career

Morton Deyo's career ashore meshed with the seagoing responsibilities he would take on at each stage of his career. Training at the U.S. Naval Academy prepared him in engineering and seamanship. He graduated as a member of the Class of 1911. Most of his academy years were under Superintendent Captain John M. Bowyer at a time of two-year rotations. Deyo then took his first assignment at sea aboard the battleship USS Virginia (BB-13).

Caribbean service
Early assignments at sea placed Morton Deyo in the Caribbean. Morton Deyo was aboard the battleship USS Virginia (BB-13) about the time she participated in coaling-at-sea operations. In the years of his service aboard Virginia, she would take station off Tampico and Vera Cruz, Mexico. Deyo next served aboard the destroyer USS Duncan (DD-46). In a tour cut short by decommissioning in 1914, Duncan went to the Caribbean for training, target practice and exercises. In 1914 and 1915, Deyo served aboard the armored cruiser USS Washington (ACR-11) under Captain Edward W. Eberle, commanding. The ship was stationed off of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, for diplomatic service; Vera Cruz, Mexico; Cap Haitien, Haiti; and returned to Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic, when a crisis recurred there. Deyo's last tour in the Caribbean before marriage and World War I was aboard the destroyer USS Jenkins (DD-42). She sailed to Tampico, Mexico and later supported the U.S. occupation of Vera Cruz. Jenkins was assigned patrol operations to search for possible German U-boats. Deyo married Maria Ten Eyck Decatur Mayo in 1916.

As an aide to the Commandant, First Naval District, Boston, 1920–1921, Deyo was a part of an ongoing upgrading of Naval District that would remain in place from 1920 to the outbreak of World War II. The First District absorbed the Second in 1919, and it expanded from a coastal strip to encompass inland states to more nearly correspond to Army districts. The District acquired its own full-time staff, gained new operational functions, and expanded administrative and logistical responsibilities. Proposal for reform of the Naval district regulations were to be revised to embody the lessons of World War I. This is fundamental naval strategy. Mahan had written, "deficient coast protection reacts unfavorably upon the war fleet, which in all its movements should be free from any responsibility for the mere safety of the ports it quits." Deyo's next assignment was as an aide to the U.S. military governor at Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

Service aboard one ship and command of another prepared Deyo for duty ashore in a politically and diplomatically sensitive role. In 1914–1915, Deyo had served on the armored cruiser USS Washington (ACR-11) during service related to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, Vera Cruz, Mexico, and Cape Haitien, Haiti. Capt. Edward W. Eberle, commanding, was active in U.S. attempts to mediate between government and insurgent forces towards a constitutional government with "observed" elections. When then Lieutenant Commander Deyo had his first command, of the destroyer USS Morris (DD-271), he was attached to the "Adriatic Detachment" performing political and diplomatic duties among nations of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1921–1923, Deyo served on the staff of the military governor closing out the American occupation of Santo Domingo. The military governor at the time was Warren Harding's appointment to fulfill his campaign promise to end the Wilson occupation of the Dominican Republic. Rear Adm. Samuel Robison served from 1921. The occupation officially ended July 1, 1924. In 1923 Deyo was assigned to the staff Battleship Fleet, aboard the battleship USS California (BB-44).

World War I
As a part of the new full-time staff in the First Naval District, Boston, in 1918, Deyo taught destroyer seamanship. He was assigned the year after Rear Admiral Albert Gleaves, then Commander, Destroyer Force, Atlantic Fleet, became Commander of United States Convoy Operations in the Atlantic in addition to his other duties. He was next transferred to the troopship Northern Pacific as a part of its regular USN officer complement. World War I's movement of a million men and their supplies was unprecedented. The crews of harbor and pilot boats, inshore scouts and patrol craft, new merchantmen, escorting vessels, all required training. In the First Naval District, Deyo was a part of the destroyer piece.

1920s Pacific
Deyo was attached to Admiral Samuel Robison's personal staff of ten officers aboard the USS Seattle (CA-11) in 1925–1926. Now a Lieutenant Commander, Deyo was the most junior officer as Flag Lieutenant. The next rung up the ladder was the Assistant Chief of Staff, then Commander Chester W. Nimitz.

Following early armored cruiser service in the Caribbean, World War I destroyer service operating in the North Atlantic, and cruiser service crossing the Pacific, Deyo was assigned to a three-year tour teaching seamanship at the Naval Academy, 1926–1929. He was appointed during the tenure of Superintendent Rear Admiral Louis M. Nulton and completed his tour under Rear Admiral Samuel S. Robison with whom he had served in the Dominican Republic. He returned to sea to take command of the destroyer USS Sloat (DD-316).

His exemplary promise as a commander at sea resulted in an appointment to the Naval War College staff immediately following his study there. He then returned to sea in 1934 as the Executive Officer aboard the light cruiser USS Milwaukee (CL-5).

World War II in the Atlantic
With accumulating experience in escort service in the Atlantic, fleet staff service crossing the Pacific, and Asiatic Squadron staff duty for operations and war plans during Japanese expansion, Deyo was prepared for Main Navy assignments from 1939 to 1941 as the Navy's assistant hydographer, then aide to the Secretary of the Navy until war sent him to sea again.

Then a Captain, Deyo was escort commander of Task Unit 4.1.1 and the Commodore of Destroyer Squadron 11. His group was tasked to escort 44 merchant ships ranging from a luxury liner to a rusty ship of the Levant. His pennant USS Ericsson (DD-440) and the USS Eberle (DD-430) were the only modern destroyers in the group. The others were "four-pipers" with "outmoded equipment and low fuel capacity" including the ships of two other squadron commanders. Canadian escorts protected the convoy for the first 350 miles, then the Americans until point "Momp" when the British escorted ships to Britain. Deyo then proceeded with the American destroyers to Iceland with three American merchantmen and one Icelandic.

There was no submarine attack, but the Navy destroyers were inexperienced in their seamanship. They progressed from patrolling only on calm moonlit nights within 1,000 yards of the convoy and staying on station if there was fog, to patrolling 5,000 yards out whatever the sea condition or visibility. U-boat searches were extended to over an hour at a time. Still there was extra work to escorting this convoy. Stragglers, breakdowns and laggards created a ragged formation which was difficult to cordon. The convoy could not sit in the water, so it made numerous course changes to buy time for at-sea overhaul of those falling behind. Nevertheless, when the Nigaristan sank in high winds and rolling seas, the Eberle rescued the entire 63-man crew. On return to the U.S., "Captain Deyo made a number of adversely critical comments in his report" relative to the demands of anti-submarine warfare, "leadership, seamanship and marksmanship."

On 6 June 1944, now Rear Admiral Deyo commanded the western Operation Neptune Force "U", supporting the landing of the American First Army at Utah and Omaha beaches during the Normandy landings.

Deyo served as Commander, Task Force 129 (CTF 129) during the Bombardment of Cherbourg, and supported General Collins' Army VII Corps in taking Cherbourg, France. The American and British ships dueled port-city shore batteries and surrounding German defenses. The battleship USS Texas (BB-35) and destroyers USS Barton (DD-722), USS Laffey (DD-724), and USS O'Brien (DD-725) were all damaged by enemy fire.

Deyo commanded the naval bombardment for the invasion of Southern France in August 1944 and received Legion of Honour, Officer by the Government of France.

World War II in the Pacific
Admiral Deyo's crowning achievement in the Pacific was command of gunfire and covering force for the assault and occupation of Okinawa. It was for service off Okinawa that he was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal.

Rear Admiral Deyo took over Cruiser Division 13 (CruDiv 13) from Rear Admiral Laurance T. DuBose. The Division consisted of four light cruisers: USS Biloxi (CL-80), USS Birmingham (CL-62), USS Mobile (CL-63), and USS Santa Fe (CL-60).

From 24 March to 4 May 1945, Task Force 54 under the command of Rear Adm. Deyo commanded battleships, cruisers and destroyers in the bombardment of Kerama Retto and the southeast coast of Okinawa, Japan. Following the war, he directed the landing of occupation forces in Northern Japan.

Cold War

Morton Deyo's last duty station, from 1946 to 1949, was as Commandant of the First Naval District, headquartered at the Boston Navy Yard. The First Naval District exercised administrative supervision of all Navy activities in the New England states, except for Connecticut.

Working out inter-service and inter-department conflicts was a serious goal for the U.S. Navy going into the Cold War. As of September 1945, the qualifications for a district commandant were those of a line officer eligible for command at sea, and the shipyard (specialist) commands were no longer to be held by the same officer. Deyo met the new qualification for District Commandant, and had served at Boston twice before as an instructor and aide to the Commandant during a time of reorganization. Inefficiency from command conflicts were taken under study even before the war ended by the "Farber Committee".

The main feature of reform related to the various types of authority over district activities. The Commandant was to have coordinating "military command" over all activities in the district akin to Army districts. The Navy Secretary directed satisfactory relationships. With a background of local relationships, technical expertise, leadership and diplomatic skills, Morton Deyo was the man chosen to make it happen.

He retired at the end of his tour with a promotion to vice admiral. In retirement he lived at Hooke's Cove in Kittery Point, Maine. In 1959 he was elected as an honorary member of the New Hampshire Society of the Cincinnati.

Admiral Deyo died November 10, 1973, at his home in Kittery Point, Maine.

Namesake
The destroyer USS Deyo (DD-989) was the 27th Spruance-class destroyer and the first ship to be named to honor Vice Admiral Deyo. She was commissioned on March 22, 1980. The Deyo was last home-ported in Norfolk, Virginia. Stricken from the Navy list on April 6, 2003, she was sunk as a target on August 25, 2005, in the Atlantic.

Biographical timeline
Milestones

1887, July 1 Born, Poughkeepsie, N.Y.

1916 Married Maria Ten Eyck Decatur Mayo

1949 Retired from navy as vice admiral

1973, Nov. 10 Died, Portsmouth, N.H.

Early service

1911 Graduated, United States Naval Academy

1911–1913 Served on USS Virginia (BB-13) (Battleship)

1913–1914 Served on USS Duncan (DD-46) (Destroyer)

1914–1915 Served on USS Washington (ACR-11) (Heavy cruiser)

1915–1916 Served on USS Jenkins (DD-42) (Destroyer)

1916–1918 Served on USS Allen (DD-66) (Destroyer), Ireland, "Sims' Destroyers"

1918 Trained destroyer crews, First Naval District, Boston, Mass.

1918–1919 Served on SS Northern Pacific (1914), troop transport, Europe to U.S.

1919 Served on USS Pretoria (1897) (German ship taken over as transport)

Interwar

1919–1920 Commanding USS Morris (DD-271) (Destroyer), Adriatic, Mediterranean

1920–1921 Aide to commandant, First Naval District, Boston, Mass.

1921–1923 Aide to military governor, Santo Domingo

1923–1925 Staff, Battleship Fleet, USS California (BB-44) (Flagship)

1925–1926 Staff, U.S. Fleet, USS Seattle (CA-11) (Flagship)

1926–1929 Instructor in seamanship, U.S. Naval Academy

1929–1930 Commanding USS Sloat (DD-316) (Destroyer)

1930–1931 Commanding USS Upshur (DD-144) (Destroyer)

1931–1934 Student, staff, Naval War College, Newport, RI

1934–1936 Executive officer, USS Milwaukee (CL-5) (Light cruiser)

Pre-war

1936–1939 Operations and war plans, staff, U.S. Asiatic Fleet, USS Augusta (CA-31) (Flag)

1939–1940 Assistant hydrographer, Navy Department, Washington DC

1940–1941 Aide to Secretary of the Navy, Washington DC

Atlantic

1941 Commanding Destroyer Squadron II, Atlantic, first convoy to Iceland

1942 Commanding USS Monticello (AP-61) (Auxiliary transport)

1942 Commanding USS Indianapolis (CA-35) (Heavy cruiser), Aleutians bombardment

1942–1943 Commanding destroyers, Atlantic Fleet

1944 Commanding Ranger Task Group Atlantic

1944 Commanded bombardment, Normandy and southern France, Atlantic

Pacific

1944 Commanded Cruiser Division 13, Task Forces in 3rd and 5th Fleets, Pacific

1945 Commanded Task Force 54, Okinawa campaign, Pacific

Post-war

1945 Commanded Task Forces 55 and 56, surrender, occupation of Japan

1946–1949 Commandant, First Naval District, Boston, Mass.

November 10, 1973, Admiral Deyo dies in Kittery Point, Maine

title: Morton Deyo


text:
TheWolfWeb

TheWolfWeb, also known as TWW or T-dub, is an unofficial message board for North Carolina State University (NCSU), created by Jacob Morgan (CrazyJ). TWW was the prototype for the "party in college" message boards, which provide an online community for a number of universities across the country. It was also a source of the codebase for TheCollegeWeb but is not part of that network despite the similarity of all of those sites to TWW.

It serves as a source of local (Raleigh, NC) news, as frequently posting members of the message board will provide both eyewitness accounts and frequent updates on events in the area, ranging from vehicle accidents to on-campus crime and suicide events. It has also been significant in transmitting many Internet memes through the NCSU student body (notably the terms pwnt, bwn, and FDT).

On February 26, 2004, News 14 Carolina, now known as Spectrum News North Carolina, was subject to a prank by members of TheWolfWeb when it was discovered that the system used to report closings and delays for businesses, schools, and churches for inclement weather put submissions on the air without review. Members of the message board exploited this fact to make fictitious business ranging from referencing All Your Base Are Belong To Us to containing lewd or obscene references be listed on the air during the channel's winter weather coverage. After the exploit gained national attention, many news stations, News 14 Carolina included, implemented or enhanced their verification and vetting processes for listing closings and delays as to avoid a repeat of the incident.

On June 16, 2016, the site went down suddenly and was down for approximately eight hours. When it returned, ownership announced that the site was underwater and could possibly be shut down in a matter of days. Panic set in for the users, who called for the immediate resignation of Tom Dollins, The Wolf Web’s CEO at the time. Dollins resigned two days later, on June 18, 2016, and then-CFO Henrico Flatchery was promoted to CEO. Flatchery’s vision led The Wolf Web into its current state, in what has been coined by regular users as “the glory days”.

TWW does not yet have a mobile app or mobile interface, but Flatchery has assigned a team of six software developers to the task. The mobile application (“TWW Mobile”) is expected to completed in late-2019.

title: TheWolfWeb


text:
Talk:Alcubierre drive/Archive 2

 * Note that this page is the talk page from the merged Alcubierre metric article

Time travel? Yes, necessarily
Hello, CH. I'm confident that you are correct about the metric, but my observation has nothing to do with closed timelike curves. Rather, it is based on the geometry of ordinary spacetime. Any FTL path is by definition outside the future lightcone of its originating point. It is an elementary consequence of Special Relativity that paths of this sort will, in some frames of reference, be seen to move backward in time. Since all frames of reference are equally valid, this means that the capability to travel FTL is necessarily equivalent to the capability to travel backward in time. This consequence of Special Relativity is independent of the conditions inside a hypothetical warp bubble. It pertains to the path followed by the moving system as a whole. You are correct that it does not involve closed timelike curves, but this is because a path outside the future lightcone is not timelike -- and that is the problem. I am restoring the observation, which is fundamental to understanding what claims of FTL travel mean. For discussion by a heavy-duty expert, see the comment | Grandfather Paradox by John Baez in the Physics FAQ. ---ED (still unregistered for the moment -- thanks for the note)

 * Hi again, 63.201.230.31, I removed the comment because I still think what you actually wrote is misleading.  (Maybe I don't understand what you intended by what you wrote.)   Note that "travel backward in time" can have various meanings.  The key point here is that the light cone/str thing a local phenomenon which holds for any Lorentzian spacetime, but when people discuss time travel in the context of warp drives, they mean a distinct global phenomenon.  Specifically, when you said any FTL path is by definition outside the future lightcone of its originating point, that is only true locally.  In a way showing why this (and related statements) can fail globally is the entire point of the warp drive spacetimes as pedagogical examples of Lorentzian manifolds (not solutions to the EFE) which exhibit unusual causal structure.

 * I have many many pans in the fire right now, unfortunately, but I do intend to greatly revise this article when I get a chance, based on a very long review paper on warp drives which I abandoned years ago when I decided that the subject isn't really sufficiently interesting to professional physicists to warrant a review. However, I do have some nifty illustrations I could upload.  Please bear with me, though, since I need to finish quite a few other things first.  Again, I agree that "time travel" is an issue which has been discussed in this context, but it will require much explanation and some good illustrations to clarify what this is about.---CH  (talk) 02:24, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The future and past light cones are global phenomena, defining which events can (according to relativity) be influenced by which other events. Accordingly, everything I stated is, in fact, global. Time-like worldlines are those in which every successive point is inside the future light cone of every predecessor point (this refers to predecessor and successor points in a simple trace-the-oriented-curve sense, which is time-independent). FTL motion is not time-like and hence would enable paths that violate relativistic causal constraints. This is widely understood. I am sorry that this presents a difficulty for the scheme described in this article, but these are the facts. I have provided substantial documentation for this point. I request that you do likewise to support any contrary conclusion, and that you not delete this discussion and its documentation. KED 18:56, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi, KED, you seem very sure of yourself, but you are wrong, and if you give me a chance I can tell you why.

 * One problem here is that the sci.physics FAQ entry you cited does not tell the whole story for warp drives, so if you understand local versus global I am puzzled why you think it is an appropriate citation here. Note that it specifically mentions "in str", which is incorporated into gtr at the level of tangent spaces, as I referred to above.

 * Yes, I understand local vs. global. There is no reason for the FAQ to mention local issues, because the travel in question, including time travel, isn't a local phenomenon inside a hypothetical warp bubble. It is about going somewhere far away. There is no need to consider funny business inside the bubble in examining the path of the bubble itself. All of this pertains to the path, not to the structure of the bubble.

 * Now, you are quite right that at least for globally hyperbolic spacetimes such as we have here, there is a global notion of past and future light cone (unfortunately people tend to use the same words for light cones at the level of tangent spaces and globally, which can lead to confusion, which may have happened here). However, the whole point of these warp drive spacetimes is that observers inside the warp bubble achieve effectively superluminal travel without their world lines ever becoming non-timelike.  Moreover, there are no closed timelike or closed null curves.

 * There is no need to consider observers inside a warp bubble. The path of the bubble is clear with respect to observers outside. It goes where and when they observe it going. If it is moving faster than light then, by definition, it is following a non-timelike path. This is fundamental to relativity. If you disagree with this, please point to some reputable source that supports your position.

 * You said

 * Any form of faster-than-light travel would (by definition) follow a path outside the future light cone of its point of origin in spacetime. The light cone defines the absolute future, hence these paths are not time-like or subject to causal constraints. Faster-than-light travel therefore would necessarily enable travelers to reach points in spacetime that fall in their past lightcones, that is to say, in their past (See Grandfather Paradox). This does not involve closed time-like paths, but is instead a consequence of the fundamental  Minkowsky geometry of spacetime.

 * The bubble velocity is defined as the velocity, as seen from the point of view of a flat space observer, of any matter contained within the curved space created by the faster-than-light drive.

 * I have removed these because I believe they are misleading or even wrong in this context. The alleged flat background mentioned in the second paragraph and implied in the first is ill-defined.  In particular, when you say observers inside the warp bubble can reach points outside their (global?) light cone, if you mean in the curved spacetime, this is false by definition; if you mean, in some flat background, this appears to be ill-defined.---CH  (talk) 02:47, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Allow me to try to clarify what I mean by the flat background, which is not at all ill-defined:

 * Imagine an interstellar flight using your warp bubble. (1) The bubble is presumably small compared to the distance to be traveled. (2) Therefore, we can define a sphere around it such that almost all of the warp, whatever that may be, is inside, and almost all of the distance to be traveled is outside. (3) The space outside is essentially flat. (4) The vehicle-plus-warp-bubble is traveling through that flat space. (4) The path of the vehicle in the flat space between the stars is the path of the bubble. (5) Because the path is through a flat space, special relativity can describe its properties. (6) The properties are as I have said. Is this clear? If I seem very confident, it is because I know what I am talking about, and the facts are very clear and simple.

 * I am becoming interested in procedures for adjudicating irreconcilable disagreements in Wikipedia. I am restoring my edit. Please leave it in place, or provide some evidence that it is wrong. Your arguments to date suggest that you do not understand special relativity. This is, however, a prerequisite for understanding general relativity, and thus for understanding the subject of this article. KED 08:03, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * One more tidbit: the #1 Google entry for <"faster than light" "time travel" minkowski >, by a physicist, notes that "since there is no absolute reference frame separating the regions of superluminal past and future, faster-than-light motion in Minkowski space-time implies the possibility of time travel". OK? I can pile this references higher, if you like. Here's one in Wikipedia: Faster-than-light. If you still think that what I wrote is misleading, I submit that the absence of any statement of this sort is far more misleading. If you don't agree, please edit the "Faster than light" entry to explain your position, which is incompatible with what is there. KED 08:31, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * KED, you keep citing irrelevant FAQ pages (incidently, Phil Gibbs, not John Baez, wrote the page on grandfather paradox). I already said that I have read the arXiv literature on warp drives (not all these papers are equally correct, but that is another question).  More to the point, I have constructed my own simplified warp drive spacetimes and analyzed them in detail.  Indeed, I have used bump functions with compact support to construct simple examples which are very similar to the Alcubierre example, but with the warp bubble completely confined to some compact region.  If you do this, and plot light cones (with two spatial dimensions suppressed), you will see that the bubble achieves effectively superluminal motion without any world lines ever becoming null or spacelike.

 * You keep referring to a background metric, but this doesn't make sense in the context of Lorentzian manifolds. If you do the exercise I suggested (plot the light cones in a simplified example) you should see what is wrong with your claim.  When you have convinced yourself, please remove the paragraph you added.  TIA---CH  (talk) 15:36, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Once again, rephrasing: nothing pertaining to the interior of the "warp bubble" has anything whatsoever to do with the issue at hand, which is about paths through the ordinary spacetime of interstellar space, regardless of what it is that follows a path. Ordinary spacetime has entirely uncontroversial properties in this regard. Accordingly, your repeated return to the properties of the "warp bubble" in this context is inappropriate. You have failed to provide any support for your view, much less for repeatedly removing a statement of the standard view. I think that this clearly violates NPOV. KED 02:10, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

The FTL paradox
Hi CH, I read through the debate, and it is an interesting one. Here's the problem as I see it: KED is echoing a viewpoint that is commonly taught in introductory GR courses: that superluminal travel implies time travel. Thus, there is an obvious, appearant paradox that the Albacurrie drive somehow avoids. I don't quite know how it avoids this, but simply stating that "the worldline of the observer has no loops", while appearantly true, doesn't help most readers resolve the paradox. Take me, for example: I know enough GR to both mostly understand the article and to be familiar with the basis of KED's complaints. I do not know enough to be able to guess the correct resolution for the paradox (yes, the "no loops" is a good clue, but still leave me hanging a bit). Thus, I fully expect other educated readers to also stumble over this, and protest in a fashion not unlike KED. It would be best if the article tried to deal with this issue in as direct a way as possible, and (among other things) acknowledge that there is a real paradox (which has a real resolution, if somewhat subtle.) linas 00:20, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The whole discussion is rather futile. What will happen, if we can distort the space-time, despite the need for negative energy densities, and a lot of other unphysical pre-conditions is like discussing the physics of the philosopher's stone. Anyway, while A. metric doesn't have CTC, the question of CTCs and trime travel in other but related metrics has been discussed, see e.g. gr-qc/9702049. --Pjacobi 08:40, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Pjacobi, but

 * I know that paper (I already said I read the literature some years ago!),
 * this article is about the Alcubierre spacetime, not the Krasnikov example.

 * The whole point is that KED is arguing that X must always happen, but that's wrong, as analysis of the Alcubierre example (or my simplified examples) shows.---CH (talk) 15:45, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Below is the text which is misleading. KED or whomever, if you want to put this someplace, can you create an article on the Krasnikov tube and put it there?  Please don't just add it  back to this article, because it doesn't apply to the Alcubierre warp drive spacetimes.  TIA---CH  (talk) 20:14, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

 * However, any form of faster-than-light travel would by definition follow a path outside the future light cone of its point of origin in spacetime, whether or not a vehicle is wrapped in a locally distorted metric. Because the interior of the future light cone defines the absolute future, these flight paths would not be time-like or subject to causal constraints. Faster-than-light travel therefore would necessarily enable travelers to reach points in spacetime that are within their past lightcones, that is to say, in their past (See Grandfather Paradox). This fact is a consequence not of  closed time-like paths, but of the fundamental  Minkowsky geometry of the essentially flat spacetime of interstellar space.

 * As I reiterate above, this is not an issue of General Relativity, since the motion in question is through (effectively) flat spacetime. This is an issue of Special Relativity. The view that I am presenting is noncontroversial. Your recourse to General Relativity indicates that you do not understand the issue. I have no idea what the relevance of a "Krasnikov tube" is, or why it would address the issue at hand for me to create a page on it. You have offered no relevant response. I have reverted the page. KED 02:13, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I reverted back to the last good version. KED, change your tone of voice and start disscussing please. Questions, rather than asertations of being correct would be apropreate here. DV8 2XL 03:07, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have a rather large collection of relevant papers, of which I only listed a handful in the references section (combination of not wishing to take the time plus not wanting to overwhelm readers). But anyone interested can search the arXiv like this (also try other keywords such as "quantum inequalities").  In addition, of course, you can do a conventional literature search, but I think pretty much the entire literature on warp drives is present in eprint form on the arXiv.  Probably I need not point out that there are some controversies in this literature, and also a handful of questionable preprints which other authors seem to ignore.  Par for the course.---CH  (talk) 23:46, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

RFC

 * KED, ironically enough, I have been considering submitting this content dispute for an RFC, but apparently you have already done this. I hope this means you are now willing to discuss the issue here reasonably.

 * You have declined to discuss your background, so I don't know how much you know about various relevant issues concerning curved Lorentzian manifolds, such as the distinction between various levels of structure (e.g. tangent space vs. local neighborhood vs. global structure, or conformal versus topological structure). Nor is it yet clear to me how well you understand the distinction between various different notions of "FTL" and "time travel", not all of which are relevant here.  You have also failed to clearly state whether you have read the dozen or so preprints available on the arXiv which deal with various aspects of so-called warp-drive spacetimes, which I have done.

 * I have also studied in great detail simplified versions of the Alcubierre spacetime, using smooth bump functions to construct a soda-can shaped warp bubble in an axisymmetric spacetime which is exactly locally flat outside the warp bubble, in distinction to the tanh function employed by Alcubierre to construct a spherical bubble in a spacetime which is approximately locally flat outside the bubble. In this variant warp-drive spacetime, the metric has the ADM form
 * $$ds^2 = -dt^2 + \left( dz + V(t) \, (1 - F(z) \, G(r)) \, dt \right)^2 + dr^2 + r^2 \, d\theta^2 $$
 * where F,G,V are appropriate smooth functions.

 * Therefore, I consider myself intimately familiar with the mathematical construction, analysis, and physical interpretation of warp-drive spacetimes. In particular, I know that the light cones look like in my own warp-drive spacetime, which is good enough to understand the relevant qualitative features in the original Alcubierre warp-drive.   I hope that the relevance of the appearance of the light cones is not in dispute.

 * As anyone who has studied the literature knows, other warp-drive spacetimes have been proposed, but this article is about the Alcubierre warp drive. My own warp-drive spacetime is only a minor variant of Alcubierre's construction, but some of the other proposals are significantly different.  In particular, some of the constructions which have been mentioned on this talk page are significantly different globally from my construction and the original Alcubierre construction discussed in this article.  I don't dispute that more general discussions in the published literature (mostly in CQG) or alternative constructions are in some cases notable, but these should probably go into a new article which I have been planning to write when I find the time.  (This has not been a very hot area recently, so filling other gaps in current Wikipedia coverage have, in my opinion, higher priority.)

 * Earlier, you cited Phil Gibb's "grandfather paradox" article in the sci.physics FAQ (of which I am another coauthor, by the way), but you didn't quote this bit which tends to support my contention that there are several possible notions of "FTL" and "time travel", not all of which are applicable here.

 * You also wrote:
 * Any form of faster-than-light travel would (by definition) follow a path outside the future light cone of its point of origin in spacetime. The light cone defines the absolute future, hence these paths are not time-like or subject to causal constraints. Faster-than-light travel therefore would necessarily enable travelers to reach points in spacetime that fall in their past lightcones, that is to say, in their past (See Grandfather Paradox). This does not involve closed time-like paths, but is instead a consequence of the fundamental Minkowsky geometry of spacetime.
 * The bubble velocity is defined as the velocity, as seen from the point of view of a flat space observer, of any matter contained within the curved space created by the faster-than-light drive.
 * This suggests you are trying to appeal to some kind of flat spacetime background metric, but in a curved spacetime such a background metric will usually not support an unambigious physical interpretation, at least not in a metric theory of gravitation like general relativity. There are some bimetric theories, but these are not nearly as well-studied as general relativity, and most of the literature on warp drives attempts to study the question of whether or not the putative energy-momentum tensor in warp-drive spacetimes makes sense physically if interpreted in the context of general relativity.  That is, we compute the Einstein tensor, which we can do for any Lorentzian manifold whatever, divide by $$8 \pi$$, and attempt to interpret the result as the energy-momentum tensor generated by some possibly "strange" matter plus possibly "exotic" nongravitational fields.
 * Assuming the default gtr context, in a spacetime like my own which is locally flat outside the bubble, the geometry in those regions is indeed Minkowskian, but a key point is that this doesn't mean that you can extend the flat spacetime metric inside the bubble, as you appear to want to do. It is true that some authors have used a flat spacetime background metric in the context of spacetimes with small curvature, but the Alcubierre warp-drive spacetimes (and minor variants like my own construction) do not fit this bill, at least for bubbles which actually go "effectively superluminal" at some point during their history.  See for example gr-qc/0412065, where the point is to study Alcubierre-like warp-bubbles with small curvature (which means they don't move very fast) in order to argue that certain objectional features of the their energy-momentum tensor are generic features of the basic Alcubierre construction.  The point is, this weak-field approximation is a valid tool for studying tensor fields (e.g. the metric perturbations does behave mathematically like a tensor field in flat spacetime, but it would be incorrect to naively assume that the background metric is physically observable or can be used to define some kind of velocity.  To do that you need to explain how to correlate events in two spacetimes (e.g. a globally hyperbolic warp-drive spacetime, outside the bubble, versus Minkowski spacetime); one of the benefits of my own variant of the Alcubierre spacetime, incidently, is that because my spacetime is locally flat outside the bubble, it is much easier to see potential pitfalls in attempting to make such a correlation.
 * I have already stated that much of what I am saying here will only become clear if I rewrite the article to include some material such as a plot of the light cones in my own variant of the Alcubierre spacetime (where the soda-can shape of the warp bubble makes it a bit easier to study the putative flow of energy-momentum around the bubble and also the to take dimensional reductions to more easily visualize the light cones, since my variant is axially symmetric while Alcubierre's warp drive spacetime is not truly spherically symmetric). I hope that you would have no objection to my doing that when I get a chance, but this might not occur for some time.
 * However, in the mean time I can propose a compromise. I think our content dispute basically boils down to my judgement that you keep editing the article to make statements which I think are misleading, simplistic, and too strong or too general.  However, a weaker statement or one which is suitably qualified might be acceptable.  For example, judging from your past edits, you want to claim that FTL implies time travel.  My basic objection to this is that "FTL" is ambiguous (tachyons and warp bubbles are quite different in how they achieve "superluminal motion" and indeed, this refers to two quite different senses of the geometrical meaning of "superluminal motion"), and "time travel" is also ambiguous (there are various distinct notions, not all of which apply to the Alcubierrre warp-drives and minor variants such as my own construction).  But instead, you could say that some of the literature on warp-drive constructions in general discusses the relationship between warp drives and certain notions of time-travel.  Would that be acceptable to you?  If so, I hope you will permit me to find an appropriate place to insert such a statement which won't break up the flow of ideas in the existing article.---CH  (talk) 20:53, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well I think CH is offering a good compromise here. Although I would like to see some of the literature get referenced. I dislike the phrase as often I see it as a Trojan Horse to introduce some very marginal ideas into science articles in Wikipedia. DV8 2XL 21:57, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks! As for literature, I have a rather large collection of relevant papers, of which I only listed a handful in the references section (combination of not wishing to take the time plus not wanting to overwhelm readers).  But anyone interested can search the arXiv like this (also try other keywords such as "quantum inequalities").  In addition, of course, you can do a conventional literature search, but I think pretty much the entire literature on warp drives is present in eprint form on the arXiv.  Probably I need not point out that there are some controversies in this literature, and also a handful of questionable preprints which other authors seem to ignore.  Par for the course.---CH  (talk) 23:46, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Afterthought: KED, in the above metric for an axially symmetric warp-drive spacetime, F,G are more or less arbitrary bump functions (one in the interior of the warp bubble, zero outside it, and taking intermediate values in the "walls" of the warp bubble, which is where the curvature and other weird stuff happens; the interior and exterior regions are both locally flat) and V controls the motion of the warp bubble. If you take F,G to be zero everywhere, the obvious timelike congruence shows that V is velocity like.  But when you take nontrivial bump functions, it is not so easy to give a purely geometric or physically meaningful defintion of "velocity".  For example, you could try to examine the motion of the locus where the bump functions become nonzero.  Mathematically that is well defined, but in a sufficiently small neighborhood of the "outer margin" of the walls of the warp bubble, the curvature is always neglible.  In my paper I pointed out that one can use optical effects like blue shift to define a velocity, but this is always subluminal.  This measureable velocity is related, for this class of spacetimes, to what you want to call, I think, "bubble velocity", but that formula is only valid if you know the spacetime has the given form!  Which of course means such a definition should probbably be regarded as physically dubious.  Perhaps this gives a better sense of what I mean when I say that you cannot simply continue the background metric inside the walls of the warp bubble to try to define a bubble velocity in a naive way.---CH  (talk) 00:13, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Oops, another afterthought: DV8 2XL, I entirely share your concern that some parties might use this RFC discussion as a "Trojan Horse" to give certain poor quality arXiv eprints greater weight than they deserve, although I don't know if we have the same parties in mind. That would of course amount to gaming the system (particularly if KED happens to be coauthor of one of these preprints--- by the way, KED, this is one reason why I think it would be helpful it you would divulge your identity) and in my view would be unacceptable behavior in the Wikipedia.  We shall see what develops, I guess.---CH  (talk) 00:21, 31 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, the usual suspects....DV8 2XL 01:00, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

I am puzzled by the the responses that CH has offered, which seem off-topic. I had stated in a revision of the article that:

Any form of faster-than-light travel would (by definition) follow a path outside the future light cone of its point of origin in spacetime....The bubble velocity is defined as the velocity, as seen from the point of view of a flat space observer, of any matter contained within the curved space created by the faster-than-light drive.

 * Sorry to interject my static in the middle of your comment (usually not a good practice), but KED, please ask yourself how precisely you intend to define the "velocity" of the bubble. Please think about this carefully.  Are you looking at the "edges" of the bubble, where the spacetime becomes perfectly flat?  (In my version which is locally flat outside the warp walls.)  Or are you trying to extend the flat spacetime metric inside the bubble, as some kind of background in a curved spacetime?  Or are you trying to obtain a physical definition, perhaps using the formula I mentioned relating blueshift of stars immediately ahead of the bubble, as seen by an observer within the bubble?  Note that my V(t) above presumably corresponds to what you want to call bubble velocity.  But while this is defined in this model, is this really physically well-defined?  Hope this helps, but if you still don't see what I mean, I think this can't be settled except at the whiteboard, unfortunately.  ---CH  (talk) 02:59, 8 November 2005 (UTC) and now back to KED's comment:

In this Talk page, I earlier stated that "nothing pertaining to the interior of the "warp bubble" has anything whatsoever to do with the issue at hand, which is about paths through the ordinary spacetime of interstellar space, regardless of what it is that follows a path....Accordingly, your repeated return to the properties of the "warp bubble" in this context is inappropriate."

In short: the bubble interior is beside the point. Only the bubble's path matters when considering where the bubble itself goes in spacetime, for example, backward in time. Yet CH's discussion above is entirely about the bubble interior and concludes with the statement: "I say that you cannot simply continue the background metric inside the walls of the warp bubble to try to define a bubble velocity in a naive way." No physics background is needed to see that this response is not relevant to the issue. By discussing the interior, it addresses the opposite of the point that I made. Please excuse my frustrated tone. In light of the above, I hope that it is understandable and perhaps even forgivable.

Regarding a compromise, a statement that some of the literature on warp-drive constructions in general discusses the relationship between warp drives and certain notions of time-travel strikes me as extremely vague. Perhaps ''Faster-than-light paths through flat spacetime are spacelike rather than timelike, and hence  enable travel backward in time. Some papers in the literature conclude that this does not hold for some warp-drive constructions.'' Since a statement regarding time dilation currently appears at the beginning of the article, it seems that a statement on this time-related issue should appear there as well. If this would disrupt the present flow of the article, then I would suggest that the present flow is obscuring a key issue, and should be altered.

By the way, I am not an author or coauthor of a preprint in this area. My chief interest is to see whether Wikipedia is as self-correcting as I had hoped. KED 07:31, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

 * KED- is is considered poor form to experiment in this way. DV8 2XL 00:54, 1 November 2005 (UTC)
 * DV8 2XL- Your reference on experiment is to a page titled Don't disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point. I plead innocent: I am not experimenting in any sense discussed on that page. I agree with the norms expressed there. I am trying to work within the system as best I understand it correct a scientific article to make a simple, true, and highly relevant point. I do hope to learn something from the process. KED 20:30, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

On reflection, I realize that I have been making the assumption that the circumference of a warp bubble would be small compared to the distance that it might travel, and that the speed of the bubble itself (rather than only that of its contents) is supposed to be superluminal. If this is not correct, and the superluminal paths in question are actually within a bubble that itself follows a subluminal path, please accept my apologies for my distracting misunderstanding. If this is the case, however, I would argue that the vast size of the warp bubble (or alternatively, the short distance traveled) be stated early and explicitly, and that the term "warp drive" perhaps be reconsidered as a description. KED 07:39, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

No criticism of the fact regarding time travel that I have stated has been offered, since the response (as I document in the paragraphs above) addressed a different and unrelated question. This fact is as or more important than the statement that it follows, and is on the same topic -- the consequences of FTL for the passage of time. Accordingly, I am restoring the statement and hope that this is satisfactory. KED 20:30, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
 * This topic of yours has absolutly nothing to do with the Alcubierre metric; you have not recived a consensus to re-insert this passage; it is unsourced. I am going to ask that you remove it until you recive such a consensus. DV8 2XL 20:48, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * KED, if it helps, I too am thinking of a "small" bubble. Part of my objection is that I don't think your bubble velocity is well-defined (please see above and consider thoughtfully my questions, hopefully drawing careful pictures of the light cones in examples of the simpler warp spacetime I gave above, which is locally flat outside the walls of the bubble).

 * Like DV8 2XL, I am alarmed my your statement above that my chief interest is to see whether Wikipedia is as self-correcting as I had hoped. Please be aware that this could easily be interpreted as a statement that you are hoaxing the Wikipedia or otherwise gaming the system to make some point which is obscure (and possibly uninteresting) to the general Wikipedia community of readers/editors.  I did you see that you disavowed such a purpose, but you didn't really explain what you did mean by this disturbing statement.

 * KED, I also ask that you voluntarily excise your claims until we can settle this dispute here. You did say that you are interested in learning, so despite my frustration in trying to explain my points, if neccessary I might be willing to try to prepare and upload some figures or something.---CH  (talk) 02:59, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

A Layman Comments:
I don't know very much about relativity, special or general; I'm only looking at this page as a result of my interests in science fiction. I must say, though, that this is an impressively heated intellectual discussion, and I have read through nearly all of it and am still very confused about what you all are actually arguing about.

KED's position, as best I can tell, is more or less: "In theory, the Alcubierre Metric would allow an object to travel faster than the speed of light without violating Einstein's Theory of Relativity. But everybody knows that Einstein's Theory of Relativity shows that it is impossible to travel faster than the speed of light; Therefore the Alcubierre Metric violates Einstein's Theory of Relativity, and so a disclaimer must be put into this article to the effect that the Alcubierre Metric is self-contradictory and false."

Everybody else's position seems to be, more or less: "KED, would you please actually read what you just wrote?"

Am I interpreting all this correctly? Or am I misunderstanding something?

--Robin Moshe 22:37, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alcubierre drive/Archive 2


text: User talk:68.81.234.31

title: User talk:68.81.234.31


text:
Environmental movement in New Zealand

The environmental movement in New Zealand started in the 1950s, a period of rapid social change. Since then numerous high-profile national campaigns have contested various environmental issues including forest protection, transport decarbonisation, and coal mining. The environmental movement eventually spawned the Values Party, which was the first political party with a strong focus on environmental issues to contest national elections. The Values Party eventually morphed into the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.

Beginnings
A number of commentators consider that the earliest major environmental issue in New Zealand was the national campaign to prevent the raising of the levels of Lakes Manapouri and Te Anau as part of stage two of the development of the Manapouri Power Project. A "Save Manapouri Campaign" ran from 1959 through to 1962, involving organisations such as the Forest and Bird Protection Society and the Scenery Preservation Society, resulting in two petitions to parliament and the formation of the Nature Conservation Council, a government advisory body. The "Save Manapouri Campaign", which commenced in Invercargill in October 1969, became a national campaign in 1970 with a third petition to parliament, a Cabinet Committee report and a Commission of Inquiry. The Save Manapouri debate lasted until the 1972 general election, when the incoming Kirk administration promised not to raise the levels of either Lakes Manapouri and Te Anau, establishing instead the Guardians of Lakes Manapouri and Te Anau to ensure that both lakes would be operated within their natural levels.

Certainly the Save Manapouri Campaign occurred during a time of heightened international concern for the popular concept of the 'environment', but it was neither the first - nor the last - of a succession of campaigns to preserve aspects of New Zealand's natural heritage dating back to the creation of the first scenic reserves and national parks. Earlier 'scenery preservation' campaigns, such as the Waipoua Forest debate, when the Waipoua Preservation Society, campaigned against the government's plans in 1946 to log the Waipoua Forest, included many recognisable elements of later 'environmental' campaigns - appeals to public opposition to the loss of natural landscapes, petitions and on-site consideration of the potential impacts of logging. What was different by 1969, therefore, was the sophistication of the conservation/environmental debate, which was able to use the new international lexicon of 'environmentalism' to describe those tangible and intangible features of the Manapouri landscape, which were threatened by the power project.

Campaigns
Other major issues have included nuclear energy, preventing native forest logging and halting the growing of GE food crops. Logging protests occurred in Whirinaki, Pureora, and on the West Coast of the South Island.

As of 2010 the environmental movement is active in many areas, including opposition to new large-scale hydro dams, protecting conservation land from mining and preventing overuse of water resources.

Organisations
The largest conservation organisation, formed in 1923, is Forest and Bird. Greenpeace New Zealand carries out advocacy and direct action in and around New Zealand. Environment and Conservation Organisations of Aotearoa New Zealand (ECO) is an umbrella organisation of about 50 environmental organisations.

title: Environmental movement in New Zealand


text: User talk:69.193.92.177

title: User talk:69.193.92.177


text:
Talk:Aboriginal Children's Advancement Society

Untitled
What's aboriginal reconciliation so we can link to it? I linked it Australian Aborigine


text:
List of high schools in Maine

This is a list of high schools in the state of Maine.

Androscoggin County

 * Lisbon High School, Lisbon Falls
 * Oak Hill High School, Wales
 * Poland Regional High School, Poland

Auburn

 * Edward Little High School
 * St. Dominic Academy

Lewiston

 * Lewiston High School
 * Lewiston Regional Technical Center

Turner

 * Leavitt Area High School
 * Calvary Christian Academy

Aroostook County

 * Ashland District School, Ashland
 * Central Aroostook High School, Mars Hill
 * Easton Senior High School, Easton
 * Fort Fairfield Middle/High School, Fort Fairfield
 * Fort Kent Community High School, Fort Kent
 * Hodgdon High School, Hodgdon
 * Madawaska High School, Madawaska
 * Maine School of Science and Mathematics, Limestone
 * Presque Isle High School, Presque Isle
 * Southern Aroostook Community School, Dyer Brook
 * St. John Valley Technology Center, Frenchville
 * Van Buren District High School, Van Buren
 * Washburn District High School, Washburn
 * Wisdom High School, St. Agatha

Caribou

 * Caribou High School
 * Caribou Technology Center

Houlton

 * Greater Houlton Christian Academy
 * Houlton High School
 * Region Two School of Applied Technology

Cumberland County

 * Bridgton Academy, Bridgton
 * Bonny Eagle High School, Standish
 * Cape Elizabeth High School, Cape Elizabeth
 * Falmouth High School, Falmouth
 * Freeport High School, Freeport
 * Gorham High School, Gorham
 * Gray-New Gloucester High School, Gray
 * Greely High School, Cumberland
 * Harpswell Coastal Academy, Harpswell
 * Pine Tree Academy, Freeport
 * Scarborough High School, Scarborough
 * South Portland High School, South Portland
 * Windham High School, Windham

Brunswick

 * Brunswick High School
 * Region 10 Technical High School

Naples

 * Lake Region High School
 * Lake Region Vocational Center

Portland

 * Baxter Academy for Technology and Sciences
 * Casco Bay High School
 * Cheverus High School
 * Deering High School
 * Portland Arts & Technology High School
 * Portland High School
 * Waynflete School

Westbrook

 * Westbrook High School
 * Westbrook Regional Vocational Center

Yarmouth

 * North Yarmouth Academy
 * Yarmouth High School

Franklin County

 * Mount Abram Regional High School, Strong
 * Rangeley Lakes Regional High School, Rangeley
 * Spruce Mountain High School, Jay

Farmington

 * Foster Career and Technical Education Center
 * Mount Blue High School

Hancock County

 * Bucksport High School, Bucksport
 * Deer Isle-Stonington High School, Deer Isle
 * George Stevens Academy, Blue Hill
 * Mount Desert Island High School, Bar Harbor
 * Sumner Memorial High School, Sullivan

Ellsworth

 * Ellsworth High School
 * Hancock County Technical Center

Kennebec County

 * Erskine Academy, South China
 * Gardiner Area High School, Gardiner
 * Hall-Dale High School, Farmingdale
 * Kents Hill School, Kents Hill
 * Maranacook Community High School, Readfield
 * Messalonskee High School, Oakland
 * Monmouth Academy, Monmouth
 * Waterville Senior High School, Waterville
 * Winslow High School, Winslow
 * Winthrop High School, Winthrop

Augusta

 * Capital Area Technical Center
 * Cony High School

Knox County

 * Camden Hills Regional High School, Rockport
 * North Haven High School, North Haven
 * Vinalhaven High School, Vinalhaven

Rockland

 * Oceanside High School
 * Mid-Coast School of Technology

Lincoln County

 * Boothbay Region High School, Boothbay Harbor
 * Lincoln Academy, Newcastle
 * Medomak Valley High School, Waldoboro
 * Wiscasset Middle High School, Wiscasset

Oxford County

 * Buckfield Senior High School, Buckfield
 * Dirigo High School, Dixfield
 * Fryeburg Academy, Fryeburg
 * Hebron Academy, Hebron
 * Mountain Valley High School, Rumford
 * Sacopee Valley High School, Hiram
 * School of Applied Technology, Mexico

Bethel

 * Gould Academy
 * Telstar High School

South Paris

 * Oxford Hills Comprehensive High School
 * Oxford Hills Technical School

Penobscot County

 * Brewer High School, Brewer
 * Central High School, Corinth
 * Dexter Regional High School, Dexter
 * Hampden Academy, Hampden
 * Hermon High School, Hermon
 * Katahdin High School, Stacyville
 * Lee Academy, Lee
 * Nokomis Regional High School, Newport
 * Old Town High School, Old Town
 * Orono High School, Orono
 * Penobscot Valley High School, Howland
 * Schenck High School, East Millinocket
 * Stearns High School, Millinocket
 * Tri-County Technical Center, Dexter

Bangor

 * Bangor Christian High School
 * Bangor High School
 * John Bapst Memorial High School
 * United Technologies Center

Lincoln

 * Mattanawcook Academy
 * Northern Penobscot Technical Center

Piscataquis County

 * Foxcroft Academy, Dover-Foxcroft
 * Greenville High School, Greenville
 * Piscataquis Community High School, Guilford
 * Penquis Valley High School, Milo

Sagadahoc County

 * Mount Ararat High School, Topsham
 * Richmond High School, Richmond

Bath

 * Bath Regional Career and Technical Center
 * Hyde School
 * Morse High School

Somerset County

 * Carrabec High School, North Anson
 * Forest Hills High School, Jackman
 * Lawrence High School, Fairfield
 * Madison Area Memorial High School, Madison
 * Maine Central Institute, Pittsfield
 * Upper Kennebec Valley Memorial High School, Bingham

Skowhegan

 * Skowhegan Area High School
 * Somerset Career and Technical Center

Waldo County

 * Islesboro High School, Isleboro
 * Mount View High School, Thorndike
 * Searsport District High School, Searsport

Belfast

 * Belfast Area High School
 * Waldo County Technical Center

Washington County

 * East Grand High School, Danforth
 * Jonesport-Beals High School, Jonesport
 * Narraguagus High School, Harrington
 * Shead High School, Eastport
 * Washington Academy, East Machias
 * Woodland Senior High School, Baileyville

Calais

 * Calais Middle/High School
 * St. Croix Regional Technical Center

Machias

 * Coastal Washington County Institute of Technology
 * Machias Memorial High School

York County

 * Kennebunk High School, Kennebunk
 * Massabesic High School, Waterboro
 * Noble High School, North Berwick
 * Old Orchard Beach High School, Old Orchard Beach
 * Robert William Traip Academy, Kittery
 * Thornton Academy, Saco
 * Wells High School, Wells
 * York High School, York

Biddeford

 * Biddeford High School
 * Biddeford Regional Center of Technology

Sanford

 * Sanford Christian Academy
 * Sanford High School
 * Sanford Regional Technical Center

South Berwick

 * Berwick Academy
 * Marshwood High School

title: List of high schools in Maine


text:
Portal:Ukraine/Be bold... but timid

A warning is in place not to stir up a hornet's nest, like dive into an article only: These all are legitimate discussion topics but they were discussed and before raising them, readers should make a good use of talk pages. Please read "Be bold!" guideline paying special attention to its "but don't be reckless!" chapter.
 * to replace Kiev with Kyiv throughout the text with the comment that Kyiv is "official", hence correct;
 * to replace Ukraine by Russia with the comment that there was no Ukraine until whatever years ago (or to do vice versa for that matter claiming that if something occurred in what's now Ukraine, it occurred in Ukraine no matter at what time)
 * to make sure that the article says that K__van Rus was a "Ukrainian state" or a "Russian state", for that matter (in a sense of modern "Russkie" and modern "Rossiya");
 * etc.

title: Portal:Ukraine/Be bold... but timid


text: User talk:68.92.151.6

title: User talk:68.92.151.6


text:
List of oldest Major League Baseball players

This is a list of Baseball players. Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization in North America. The oldest person ever to play MLB was Satchel Paige, who, at the age of 59, made a major league appearance twelve years after his Major League career had ended. The oldest player to appear regularly was Jack Quinn, who ended his last season at age 50, having made 14 appearances as a relief pitcher in that final season. The oldest active player is Houston Astros pitcher Justin Verlander, who is currently 41 years old.

All-time
Note: Paige, O'Leary, O'Rourke, Jennings, Street, McGuire and Evers each made one token major league appearance years (or even decades) after their careers had otherwise ended. The careers of Altrock, Miñoso, Austin, and Latham had also effectively ended many years before their final major league appearances, though each were brought back for token appearances several times (spanning several seasons) before their final game. Julio Franco is the oldest position player to appear regularly.


text:
Grim Reaper (Nedor Comics)

Grim Reaper is a fictional character and a superhero. Created by writer/editor Richard E. Hughes, he first appeared in Fighting Yank #7 (Feb 1944), and was quickly promoted to cover feature of Wonder Comics (Better Publications), beginning with #1 (May 1944). His origin story was told in Wonder Comics #2.

The character was revived in the modern age in Tom Strong #11 by Alan Moore and Chris Sprouse. He was killed by The Terror in the Terra Obscura miniseries.

Character history
Bill Norris is studying at the Sorbonne in Paris, France when the Nazis occupy the city. Intervening in a Nazi harassment of a citizen, Norris is arrested and sent to a concentration camp. He helps an old man, who eventually confides to Norris that he's the leader of the French Underground and knows the location of an important French General, who has to be safely brought to Africa to continue the battle. Fashioning an all black Grim Reaper outfit, Norris, with help from the French citizenry, rescues the General. The Reaper regularly kills his Nazi foes with his bare hands.

He is, at one point, number one on the Gestapo's wanted list.

The Grim Reaper is often shown working behind enemy lines in the German underground. The Reaper makes his way to England in Wonder Comics #4.

In one adventure, the Reaper brings an armored Nazi super-zeppelin to England and wants nothing more than to go back to the continent: "The only reward I want is a chance to fight the Nazi beasts again and again... to spread terror among the foulest terrorists the world has ever known! Tremble, you Nazis! The Grim Reaper is coming back!"

After the war ended, Norris returned to America in Wonder Comics #8 (Oct 1946), and continued his superheroics. He battled Mr. Meek, the Robed Phantom, the Chameleon and the Crying Bandit. His final story was published in Wonder Comics #17 (April 1948).

America's Best Comics
The Grim Reaper, along with other heroes from Nedor Comics, were revived by Alan Moore in his series Tom Strong. This revival set the characters on a parallel world called Terra Obscura, which was also the title of the resulting mini-series.

This Reaper eventually opposed the goals of the revived Black Terror and was killed, during his own unsuccessful attempt to put an end to the Terror.

Powers and abilities
The Grim Reaper has no superhuman powers, but in the Golden Age, he used guns and a sword to fight Nazis. When revived by ABC, his sword could project electromagnetic blasts.

In other media
A different variation of Grim Reaper appears in the two season seven episodes of Arrow, portrayed by John DeSantis. This version is an unnamed criminal who started to work for Ricardo Diaz's criminal organisation acting as his inside man at Slabside Maximum Security prison. His nickname comes from the tattoo on his neck. In "Inmate 4587", he begins to attack Oliver Queen with other goons as per Diaz's order. Later, Oliver Queen went to prison's courtyard beating up both Danny Brickwell and "Grim Reaper" prisoner as payback. In "The Demon", this prisoner is later placed in Level Two of the prison, where he was experimented and tortured for weeks by Slabside's corrupt chief psychiatrist Jarrett Parker, losing his sense of identity and turning him into a shell of his former self. After he was subjected to another Parker's treatment, "Grim Reaper" died due to the stress.

title: Grim Reaper (Nedor Comics)


text:
User:Jbuck

Hey buck buck

title: User:Jbuck