text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 27

June 27

 * 2009 – Kingfisher Airlines Flight 3334, an Airbus A320, registration VT-ADR, collides with a building at Bagdogra Airport, India. The aircraft was substantially damaged.

 * 2008 – A C-130 Hercules is damaged beyond repair in an emergency landing northeast of Baghdad International Airport. All 38 on board were transported to nearby Sather Air Base for medical evaluation. The aircraft was significantly damaged in the landing, and was deemed a write-off and destroyed.

 * 2007 – The pilot of a twin engine, nine-seat Golden Wings Charter aircraft walked away from a low impact crash at the Airport Industrial Park. According to authorities whose emergency systems sprang into high gear once the alert was received.

 * 2005 – An AH-64D Apache from 3–3rd Aviation Regiment is shot down by a shoulder-fired missile near Mishahda, killing the two pilots.

 * 1996 – An Air National Guard General Dynamics F-16C Fighting Falcon makes a dead-stick landing at Elizabeth City Air Station following an engine failure. Capt Chris H. Rose of 121st Fighter Squadron was returning from a training mission when his engine suffered a flameout at 13,000 feet, but he was able to jettison his fuel tanks and glide for 15 miles to a successful landing with the assistance of his three wingmen and air traffic controllers. For his outstanding airmanship he was awarded the Koren Kolligian Jr Trophy.

 * 1995 – Launch: Space Shuttle Atlantis STS-71 at 19:32:19 UTC. Mission highlights: Spacelab mission.

 * 1987 – Philippine Airlines Flight 206, a Hawker Siddeley HS 748, crashes on the slopes of Mount Ugo, Benguet, as it begins its approach to Loakan Airport in Baguio City; all 50 passengers and crew are killed. Poor visibility is blamed for the crash.

 * 1985 – An RAF Lockheed C-130K Hercules C.1P, XV206, of 1312 Flight, and a Royal Navy Westland Sea King HAS5, XZ919, helicopter of 826 Naval Air Squadron, collide in cloud north of the Falkland Islands, at around 300 ft. The Hercules lost the wing beyond its #1 (port outer) engine but still managed to land. The Sea King, based at RNAS Culdrose, was lost and all four on board killed.

 * 1983 – Ballooning pioneer Maxie Anderson and his co-pilot Don Ida die in a balloon accident near Bad Brückenau, West Germany, during the 1983 Gordon Bennett Cup balloon race.

 * 1982 – Launch: Space shuttle Columbia STS-4 at 15:00:00 UTC. Mission highlights: Last shuttle R&D flight, first DoD payload.

 * 1980 – Itavia Flight 870, a Douglas DC-9, crashes into the sea near the island of Ustica, Italy, in unclear circumstances, killing all 81 people on board.

 * 1979 – Israeli Air Force F-15 Eagles shoot down four Syrian Air Force Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21s

 * 1977 – First flight of the CASA C-101

 * 1976 – Air France Flight 139, an Airbus A300, is hijacked from Athens by two Palestinians and two Germans who divert the flight to Libya and then to Uganda, where the plane is met by pro-Palestinian forces from Idi Amin's government; Israeli troops eventually storm the airport in Operation Entebbe, killing hijackers and Ugandan soldiers and freeing all but three of the hostages; Israeli colonel Yonatan Netanyahu, brother of Benjamin Netanyahu, is also killed in the raid.

 * 1970 – Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Cessna L-19 Bird Dog of No.4 Army Aviation Squadron, Dhamial Air Base, piloted by Major Tahir Mahmood Jilani, with Observer Captain Noor Mohammed, went missing, while on search and recovery mission to locate a drowned military officer Captain Bahadur's body, over the mighty river Indus near Kalabagh-Khushal Garh area. No debris or bodies were located, in the very extensive ground and aerial search that followed, however.

 * 1969 – First flight of the Interceptor 400

 * 1965 – The Vietnam War’s largest airmobile operation thus far takes place as 150 helicopters airlift the U. S. Army’s 173rd Airborne Brigade and two South Vietnamese Army airborne battalions to attack a Viet Cong stronghold just north of Bien Hoa, South Vietnam.

 * 1960 – A Boeing KC-97G-27-BO Stratotanker, 52-2728, of the 380th Air Refueling Squadron, Plattsburgh AFB, New York, suffers failure of lubrication on an engine impeller shaft, during an evening four-hour training mission to refuel a Boeing B-47 Stratojet. During rendezvous at 15,500 feet, bomber crew sees the tanker's number one (port outer) engine burst into flames, burning fuel threatening the wing integrity. As the bomber moves away from the burning tanker, the crew tries unsuccessfully to put out the blaze. The plane goes into a spin as the wing fails outboard of the engine and crashes on Jonathan Smith Mountain, a hill east of Puzzle Mountain in Newry, Maine. The flash of the fire is seen from as far away as Lewiston and Bridgton, and several people witness the crash, including hundreds of movie-goers at the Rumford Point Drive-In. All five crew are killed - two are found wearing unused parachutes. KWF are Lt. William Burgess, commander, of Indian Lake, New York; Technical Sgt. Robert Costello, boom operator, of Springfield, Illinois; Lt. Raymond Kisonas, navigator, of Waterbury, Connecticut; Lt. Lewis Turner, co-pilot, of Spokane, Washington; and Master Sgt. Harold Young, flight engineer, of Selma, Alabama. Wreckage covers five acres and is still there.

 * 1958 – A USAF Boeing KC-135A-BN Stratotanker, 56-3599, c/n 17348 Crashed on takeoff from Westover AFB, Chicopee, MA attempting to set a world speed record from New York-London. 7 crew and 8 passenger fatalities.

 * 1950 – A USAF F-82 Twin Mustang shoots down a North Korean Air Force Yak-9, the first air-to-air kill of the Korean War.

 * 1950 – USAF B-29 Superfortresses of the 19th Bombardment Group attack Seoul railway station and the bridge over the Han River in the first strategic bombing mission of the war.

 * 1950 – First flight of the FMA IAe 33 Pulqui II

 * 1950 – U. S. Air Force C-47 Skytrains and C-54 Skymasters evacuate U. S. nationals from Korea.

 * 1950 – Japan-based PBM-5 Mariners of Patrol Squadron 47 (VP-47) begin the first U. S. Navy maritime air patrols of the Korean War.

 * 1935 – United States Coast Guard Lieutenant Richard L. Burke sets a world seaplane altitude record of 5,449.050 m (17,877.46 ft) carrying a 500-kg (1,102-lb) load, flying a Grumman JF-2 Duck.

 * 1930 – Canadian Airways Ltd., formerly Western Canada Airways, was incorporated.

 * 1923 – Capt L H Smith and Lt J P Richter, made the first in-flight aerial refueling by the United States Army Air Service de Havilland DH-4 B over Rockwell Field, San Diego. They also set a distance record of 3,293 miles covered in the flight.

 * 1916 – Fokker's chief designer and test pilot Martin Kreutzer takes a Fokker D.I for test flight, but when he kicks rudder hard over, it jams and he is severely injured in subsequent crash, dying in hospital the next day.

 * 1914 – Lincoln Beachey completes the first loop-the-loop and inverted flying in Canada during an exhibition at Maisonneuve Park in Montreal.

 * 1912 – Following successes using aircraft against the Turks in North Africa, Italy forms a specialised Air Battalion (Battagliore Aviatori).

 * 1909 – Three New York Papers (the Sun, Times and Herald) carry the world's first advertisement of a practical airplane for sale to the general public.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 27


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 28

June 28

 * 2012 – A Russian Air Force Sukhoi Su-27UB crashed near Besovets during a weather-check flight, two pilots ejected safely but all Russian Su-27s were grounded pending investigation.

 * 2012 – The U.S. military announces that wreckage revealed by a retreating glacier in Alaska and discovered during June 2012 is that of a U.S. Air Force C-124A Globemaster II which crashed into Mount Gannett on 22 November 1952, killing all 52 people on board. Originally identified on 28 November 1952, the wreckage had become buried in ice and snow and had been lost for nearly 60 years.

 * 2007 – First flight of the Rans S-19 Venterra

 * 2007 – TAAG Angola Airlines crash was a fatal accident in which a Boeing 737-2 M2 owned by TAAG Angola Airlines undershot the runway upon landing in M’banza-Kongo, causing the collapse of the right main landing gear. The plane collided with two cars and a building, resulting in the deaths of four passengers and one crew member.

 * 2004 – First non-stop 10,000-mile-plus passenger airline flight. Singapore Airlines launched a non-stop 18 1/2 h, 10,335-mile flight on the long-range Airbus 340-500 between Singapore to Newark, New Jersey (June 28–29).

 * 1988 – First flight of the Sukhoi Su-35

 * 1984 – First flight of the Fuji T-5

 * 1978 – Entered Service: Dassault Super Étendard with the Aéronavale

 * 1976 – First woman was admitted to Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Co.

 * 1976 – ČSA flight 001 registration OK-NAB was an Ilyushin Il-18 B 4 engine turboprop, operating as a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Prague’s Ruzyně airport to Bratislava-Ivanka Airport, both in Czechoslovakia, which crashed into the Zlaté Piesky (Golden Sands) Lake while attempting to land in Bratislava. All 6 crew members and 70 out of 73 passengers died.

 * 1968 – Retired: Avro Anson (RAF)

 * 1958 – The 22-year operational career of the Avro Anson comes to an end with asix-plane formation fly-past over their base by the Southern Communications Squadron at Bovington, Hampshire, in the United Kingdom.

 * 1957 – Entered Service: KC-135 Stratotanker with 93d Air Refueling Squadron

 * 1957 – In two separate accidents, two newly delivered Lockheed U-2s of the SAC's 4028th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron (SRS) based at Laughlin Air Force Base, Del Rio, Texas, are lost on the same day. At 08:55 Lt. Ford Lowcock is killed when his aircraft, U-2A 56-6699, Article 366, crashes while on the approach to Laughlin. Less than two hours later, Lt. Leo Smith is also killed when his aircraft, U-2C 56-6702, Article 369, crashes in the New Mexico desert. At this time U-2s are not equipped with ejection seats to save weight, but at around this point this policy is reversed. Three months later on 26 September, the squadron's Commanding Officer, Col. Jack Nole climbs out of his disabled U-2A, 56-6694, Article 361, the first airframe of the initial USAF order, (wing flaps deployed in flight) near Del Rio, Texas, making the highest ever parachute escape to date, from 53,000 feet.

 * 1956 – An Argentine Air Force Vickers VC.1 Viking T-5 crashed at Resistencia, Argentina.

 * 1955 – Jean Moire lands a Bell 47 helicopter on top of Mont Blanc, at an altitude of 4,807 m (15,772 ft)

 * 1952 – American Airlines Flight 910, a Douglas DC-6 carrying 55 passengers and 5 crew collides with a Temco Swift private plane on final approach to Dallas Love Field, killing both occupants of the Swift; the DC-6 lands safely with no injuries to the passengers or crew.

 * 1950 – USAF B-26 Invaders fly the first strike mission of the Korean War on a railroad marshaling yard in South Korea that had been captured by invading North Korean forces. The first strike into North Korea itself would be the following day when B-26s of the Third Bomb Group would strike the airfield at Pyongyang.

 * 1948 – Sdn Ldr Basil Arkel sets a new helicopter speed record of 124 mph (200 km/h) in a Fairey FB-1 Gyrodyne.

 * 1945 – 485 B-29 s drop 3,519 tons (3,192,416 kg) of bombs on Okayama, Sasebo, and Moji, Japan.

 * 1944 – A/C AD Ross, Sgt JR St Germain, Cpl M Marquet, LAC MM McKenzie, and LAC RR Wolfe made repeated attempts to rescue the crew of a burning bomber of No. 425 Squadron in spite of bomb explosions. All of the crew were saved. Ross, St Germain and Marquet were awarded the George Medal; McKenzie and Wolfe the British Empire Medal.

 * 1943 – To increase the visibility of the national insignia on its military aircraft, the United States replaces the marking adopted in June 1942 with a new marking consisting of a white star centered in a blue circle flanked by white rectangles, with the entire insignia outlined in red. The new marking will cause confusion with Japanese markings and will remain in use only until September 1943.

 * 1943 – (Overnight) 608 British bombers attack Cologne, Germany, losing 25 of their number. In Cologne, 4,377 people are killed – by far the highest number killed in any single Bomber Command raid so far – 10,000 injured and 230,000 rendered homeless. In the next two raids, Cologne will incur another 1,000 killed and 120,000 made homeless

 * 1941 – At the end of the first week of Operation Barbarossa, the Luftwaffe has destroyed 4,017 Soviet aircraft in exchange for 150 of its own.

 * 1941 – In the early morning hours, 35 British bombers attempting an attack on Bremen stray so far off course that they mistakenly bomb Hamburg – 110 km (68 mi) northeast of Bremen – Instead, losing five of their number to German night fighters over the city while killing seven people, injuring 39, and leaving 280 homeless.

 * 1939 – Britain's Women's Auxiliary Air Force is formed.

 * 1939 – The Pan Am Yankee Clipper, the largest airplane of the day, left Botwood on the first scheduled transatlantic passenger flight. The New York-to-Southampton route was made with stops at Shediac, Botwood and Foynes.

 * 1927 – June 28-29 – A US Army Fokker C-2 makes the first non-stop flight from the continental US to Hawaii.

 * 1923 – First flight of the Armstrong Whitworth Awana

 * 1919 – The Treaty of Versailles is signed. Among its many provisions is one which prohibits Germany from ever again possessing armed aircraft.

 * 1918 – First flight between Hawaiian Islands.

 * 1917 – An aircraft takes off successfully from a flying-off platform mounted on a warship’s gun turret for the first time when Royal Naval Air Service Flight Commander F. J. Rutland takes off from a platform aboard the British light cruiser HMS Yarmouth in a Sopwith Pup.

 * 1911 – The first airplane charter flight is made by English aviator Thomas Sopwith who is hired by Wannamaker’s New York store to deliver repaired glasses to Philadelphia merchant W. A. Burpee.

 * 1908 – Jacob Ellehammer makes the first piloted, powered aeroplane flight in Germany.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 28


text:
Ya'uq

According to the Qur'an, Yaʿūq (يعوق) was an idol worshipped in the days of Noah. A synagogue dedicated to Rahmanan named Ya'uq is mentioned in a South Arabian inscription as "mkrbn yʿwq".

"And they say: Forsake not your gods, nor forsake Wadd, nor Suwa', nor Yaghuth and Ya'uq and Nasr. (Qur'an 71:23)"

Maulana Muhammad Ali adds the following commentary on the passage:

The names of the idols given here are those which existed in Arabia in the Prophet's time, and hence some critics call it an anachronism. [...] According to IʿAb, the idols of Noah's people were worshipped by the Arabs, Wadd being worshipped by Kalb, Suwāʿ by Hudhail, Yaghūth by Murād, Yaʿūq by Hamadān and Nasr by Ḥimyar (B. 65:lxxi, 1). The commentators say that Wadd was worshipped in the form of a man, Suwāʿ in that of a woman, Yaghūth in that of a lion, Yaʿūq in that of a horse and Nasr is that of an eagle (Rz).

title: Ya'uq


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 29

June 29

 * 2012 – A United States Navy MH-53 of HM-14 was destroyed fire after an emergency landing near Pohang, South Korea, all 12 on-board vacated the helicopter safely.

 * 2012 – Six Uyghur men armed with aluminum crutches and explosives attempt to hijack Tianjin Airlines Flight 7554, an Embraer ERJ-190 on a flight from Hotan to Ürümqi, China, with 95 other people aboard. The crew and other passengers resist them and foil the hijacking attempt. Two hijackers are killed and 13 people (two hijackers, two security officers, two flight attendants, and seven passengers) are injured, and the plane returns safely to Hotan.

 * 2011 – KLM becomes the first airline in the world to provide flights using biofuel.

 * 2011 – The French military confirms that it had air-dropped weapons in early June to Libyan rebels fighting in the highlands south of Tripoli, which Russia and the African Union in particular argue was in violation of the arms embargo against Libya under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973.

 * 2009 – PK-BRO, a DHC-6 Twin Otter operated by Aviastar Mandiri, crashes on approach to Wamena Airport, Indonesia, killing all three crew.

 * 2007 – The plane of the Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast Guillaume Soro was attacked by unknown Friday morning with the airport of Bouaké (center), an act insulated which made at least four died, but saved Mr. Soro, and thrown a cold on the process of reconciliation in progress in the country. Ivory Coast Prime Minister Guillaume Soro survived a rocket attack on his plane after it landed at an airport in the central town of Bouake, said spokesman Issa Doumbia.

 * 2007 – First flight of the Piasecki X-49

 * 2004 – Northwest Airlines Flight 327 was a flight from the Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Romulus, Michigan to the Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California. This event happened aboard N543US, a Boeing 757-200. The suspicious behaviour of a party of 13 Syrian musicians, on their way to an engagement in San Diego, alarmed flight attendants and passengers and raised concerns that they were observing a terrorist attack or a dry run test.

 * 1995 – First flight of the Bell 407

 * 1977 – Italian Professor Enrico Forlanini’s steam-powered helicopter is tested at Alexandria, Egypt.

 * 1972 – In the 1972 Lake Winnebago mid-air collision, North Central Airlines Flight 290, a Convair CV-580, and Air Wisconsin Flight 671, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, collide over Lake Winnebago near Appleton, Wisconsin, killing all 13 people on board the two aircraft.

 * 1972 – Forward air controller and OV-10 Bronco pilot Capt. Steven L. Bennett lost his life after a gun battle with Viet Cong gun positions, and was awarded a posthumous Medal of Honor.

 * 1966 – For the first time, President Lyndon B. Johnson’s administration authorizes attacks on industrial targets in northeastern North Vietnam and on North Vietnam’s entire petroleum, oil, and lubricants system.

 * 1966 – The U. S. Air Force bombs Hanoi for the first time

 * 1963 – First flight of the Saab 105

 * 1962 – First flight of the Vickers VC10, an Evolution of the long-range British airliner.

 * 1960 – Entered Service: English Electric Lightning with the Royal Air Force’s No. 74 Squadron at RAF Coltishall

 * 1955 – The first operational B-52 Stratofortress was delivered to the 93rd Bombardment Wing, Heavy, at Castle Air Force Base, Merced, California.

 * 1948 – The Air Parcel Post Bill becomes U. S. law, establishing domestic air parcel post and raising first class postage rates for air mail from five cents to six cents.

 * 1945 – Messerschmitt test pilot Ludwig "Willie" Hofman ("Hoffman" in American source) attempts to ferry captured Messerschmitt Me 262A1a/U4, Werke Nummer 170083, originally coded V-083, named Happy Hunter/Wilma Jeanne II, from Lagerlechfeld, near Augsburg, Germany, to Airfield A-55 near Cherbourg, France on behalf of the USAAF Air Technical Intelligence ("Watson's Whizzers") for loading aboard the HMS Reaper, suffers catastrophic failure of starboard engine at ~9,000 feet altitude and is forced to bail out over Normandy, suffering massive bruising as he deploys parachute at high speed. Aircraft was one of two conversions carrying Rheinmetall BK-5 50 mm anti-tank gun in nose for bomber attack, although it was never used operationally. American sergeant admits a year later that he had failed to inspect this aircraft's engines before the flight.

 * 1944 – Republic P-47D-1-RA Thunderbolt, 42-22331, c/n 82, accepted March 30, 1943, of C Flight, 1st AF / 1st FG / E Section / 124th Base Unit (Fighter), "A-362", from Bluethenthal AAF, piloted by 2nd Lt. Robert B Boyd, Jr., makes gear-up crash landing on Ocean Isle Beach, North Carolina. Abandoned in place, the hulk of the wings and lower fuselage is uncovered by Hurricane Floyd in 1999. Now stored at the Carolinas Aviation Museum, Charlotte, North Carolina.

 * 1941 – Curtiss XSO2C-1 Seagull, BuNo 0950, crashed at NAS Anacostia, Washington, D.C.. To mechanics school at NAS Jacksonville, Florida.

 * 1939 – During another Khalkhin Gol Incident dogfight between Soviet and Japanese aircraft, the Soviets claim to have shot down 25 Japanese planes in exchange for the loss of two Soviet aircraft.

 * 1939 – Dixie Clipper completes First commercial plane flight to Europe.

 * 1934 – June 29-30 – Benjamin and Joseph Adamowicz brothers, amateur pilots, flew across the Atlantic

 * 1927 – June 29 – July 1 – Richard Evelyn Byrd with crew flies Fokker F.VIIa/3 m "America" from New York City to France.

 * 1927 – First flight from West Coast arrives in Hawaii.

 * 1927 – Flight Lieutenant G. E. Brooks, flying in an Avro 504 K conducts the first flight test of Wallace Turnbull’s variable-pitch propeller, a major Canadian innovation in aviation technology.

 * 1914 – Glenn Curtiss takes up nine passengers in New York in his seaplane America, built for Rodman Wanamaker, to make an attempt on the £10,000 prize offered by the Daily Mail for the first transatlantic crossing in a heavier-than-air machine.

 * 1909 – In opening demonstration flights before the U. S. Army at Fort Myer, Virginia, Orville Wright makes the first flight with the new Wright A built to replace the one destroyed in September 1908.

 * 1900 – Antoine de Saint-Exupery, aviator and writer was born.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 29


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 30

June 30

 * 2012 – Eighty-four percent of U.S. domestic airline flights have arrived within 15 minutes of their scheduled arrival time since January 1, their best on-time performance since the United States Government began tracking their on-time performance in 1988 and an improvement from 77 percent between January 1 and June 30, 2011. They also set a record-low rate of baggage handling mistakes, misdirecting, damaging, or losing only three suitcases per 1,000 passengers on domestic flights between January 1 and June 30, 2012.

 * 2009 – Lithuanian airline Star1 Airlines commences operations.

 * 2009 – Yemenia Flight 626, an Airbus A310-300 flying from Sana'a, Yemen to Moroni, Comoros, crashes into the Indian Ocean with 153 people aboard; one 12-year-old is found clinging to the wreckage.

 * 2007 – A pilot attempting to return to the air after his small plane ran out of room on a wet runway slammed into a house in Arkansas Saturday, killing himself and a woman inside the home.

 * 2007 – A small plane SABRE Lithium matriculation XASMR of ten seats, originating of Monterrey Nuevo Leo’n, piloted by its proprietor Daniel Reedbeds Insipid, confused to a flank of the airport Plan of Guadalupe.

 * 1999 – A NAS Whiting Field, Florida, flight instructor bails out of a Beechcraft T-34C Turbo Mentor and parachutes to safety moments before the plane crashes near East Brewton, Alabama.

 * 1994 – Airbus A330 test flight crash at Toulouse France (7 killed).

 * 1989 – First flight of the Boeing 737-500

 * 1985 – 39 remaining hostages from Flight 847 are freed in Beirut.

 * 1978 – First flight of the Rutan Defiant

 * 1977 – US president Jimmy Carter cancels the B-1 Lancer program

 * 1975 – The United States Navy reclassifies all of its “attack aircraft carriers” (CVA) as “aircraft carriers” (CV); “nuclear-powered attack aircraft carriers” (CVA(N)) become “nuclear-powered aircraft carriers” (CVN).

 * 1972 – The American 1972 bombing campaign against North Vietnam has destroyed 106 bridges, all of the country’s oil depots, and the pipeline running south to the Demilitarized Zone.

 * 1971 – The crew of Soyuz 11, Georgi Dobrovolski, Viktor Patsayev and Vladislav Volkov, are killed after undocking from space station Salyut 1 after a three-week stay. A valve on their spacecraft accidentally opens when the service module separates, letting their air leak out into space. The capsule reenters and lands normally, and their deaths are only discovered when it is opened by the recovery team. Technically the only fatalities in space (above 100 km).

 * 1968 – First flight of the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy

 * 1967 – Thai Airways International Flight 601, a Sud Aviation Caravelle, crashes into the sea on landing at Kai Tak Airport, killing 24 of 80 on board.

 * 1962 – Aeroflot Flight 902, a Tupolev Tu-104, is shot down by a missile near Voznesenka, Krasnoyarsk Krai; all 84 die in Russia's worst air accident at that time.

 * 1959 – 1959 Kadena Air Base F-100 crash, A U. S. Air Force North American F-100 Super Sabre fighter suffers an in-flight engine fire over Okinawa. The pilot ejects safely, but the F-100 crashes into Miyamori Elementary School and surrounding houses in Uruma, killing 11 students at the school and six other people in the neighborhood and injuring 210 others, including 156 students at the school.

 * 1956 – The 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision between United Airlines Flight 718, a DC-7 and TWA Flight 2, a Lockheed Constellation, over the Grand Canyon, kills all 128 aboard both planes; operating under Visual Flight Rules, the planes fail to see each other; the Federal Aviation Administration is created in the aftermath; the FAA establishes new rules for passenger carriers, among them the requirement to operate under Instrument Flight Rules, even in good weather.

 * 1953 – A SNCASO S. O. 4000 (prototype of the Sud Vautour fighter-bomber) becomes the first European aircraft to exceed the speed of sound in a shallow dive.

 * 1951 – United Airlines Flight 610, a Douglas DC-6, flies into a mountain in Larimer County, Colorado due to navigational error; all 45 passengers and 5 crew members are killed.

 * 1951 – The second prototype Republic XF-91 Thunderceptor, 46-681, had an engine failure during takeoff from Edwards AFB, California. Republic Aviation test pilot Carl Bellinger escaped from the aircraft just as the tail melted off; total flight time was a mere ninety seconds. By the time fire apparatus arrived, driving seven miles (11 km) across the dry lake bed, the tail section had been reduced to ashes.

 * 1950 – A Royal Canadian Navy Lt. Mervin C. “Butch” Hare of the 803 Naval Fighter Squadron departs from Montreal, Quebec in Hawker Sea Fury FB.11, TF997, but fails to arrive at home base of HMCS Shearwater, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. Despite a massive international air search, nothing is found. In February 1968, two foresters discovered the wreckage in a remote area of Maine. The Sea Fury had struck a tree on top of the ridge with its port wing root and struck the ground within about 150 feet. The force of the impact dug a 15 foot diameter crater and the aircraft broke up and scattered, within a 50 yard radius. There had been several small fires. Lt. Hare’s parachute harness pieces were later found near the crater, ending an initial speculation that he had bailed out and perished somewhere else in the Maine woods.

 * 1950 – P-51 Mustangs of No. 77 Squadron RAAF are sent to Korea as part of Australia's contribution to the war.

 * 1947 – First flight of the Avions Fairey Junior

 * 1947 – First flight of the Vickers Valetta

 * 1943 – U. S. forces land on Rendova Island. A sweep by 27 Japanese Zero fighters over the area accomplishes little and almost is wiped out, and 43 U. S. aircraft bomb Munda Airfield. In the evening, a Japanese torpedo strike by 25 Mitsubishi G4 Ms (Allied reporting name “Betty”) escorted by 24 Zero fighters sinks an attack transport, with 17 of the G4 Ms shot down by U. S. Marine Corps F4U Corsairs and antiaircraft fire.

 * 1943 – Since November 1, 1942, Italy has lost 2,190 military aircraft and suffered another 1,790 damaged.

 * 1943 – Since June 1, the U. S. Army Air Forces‘ Eleventh Air Force has flown 407 sorties against Japanese forces on Kiska in the Aleutian Islands. U. S. Navy PV-1 Venturas have made additional night bombing attacks on the island.

 * 1943 – Royal Air Force Bomber Command has lost 3,448 aircraft – About 1,600 of them to German night fighters – And about 20,000 aircrewmen on night raids since the beginning of World War II. Since April 1, Bomber Command has lost 762 aircraft, 561 of them to German night fighters.

 * 1941 – No. 410 (Night Fighter) Squadron and No. 412 (Fighter) Squadron were formed in England.

 * 1941 – German fighter pilot Werner Mölders shoots down five Soviet bombers, bringing his aerial victory total to 82. He becomes the first pilot to surpass the World War I record of 80 victories set by Manfred von Richthofen in 1918 and the highest-scoring ace in history at the time.

 * 1930 – U.S. Navy Douglas PD-1 flying boat, BuNo A-7989, of VP-6 in the Hawaiian Islands, is lost in the Pacific off Hawaii, only six months after delivery. Airframe had only 42:40 hrs. flight time.

 * 1926 – Alan Cobham sets out on a round trip from England to Australia in a de Havilland DH.50. He will arrive back in London on October 1 and receive a knighthood for his accomplishment.

 * 1920 – A provisional establishment of 1340 officers and 3905 airmen for the CAF was authorized by Order-in-Council.

 * 1911 – The Curtiss A-1 seaplane is tested for the first time by Glenn Curtiss.

 * 1910 – The first airplane bombing tests are made as Glenn H. Curtiss drops dummy bombs from his own Curtiss biplane on the shape of a battleship marked by flagged buoys on Lake Keuka, New York.

 * 1901 – At enormous personal risk, Herr Berson and Professor Süring of the Berliner Verein für Luftschiffahrt establish the first ratified altitude record for balloons. Their 8,510-cu. ft. balloon Preussen (Prussia) ascends to 35,435 feet.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 30


text:
File:Ptolemaic dynasty.GIF

Family tree of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

Creator: Matjlav

title: File:Ptolemaic dynasty.GIF


text:
1 Reconnaissance Commando (South Africa)

The 1 Reconnaissance Commando was the first South African special forces unit, founded by General Fritz Loots - the founder of the South African Special Forces, and the first General Officer Commanding of the South African Special Forces. He appointed 11 qualified paratroopers (known as "The Dirty Dozen", although they were made up of only 11 men) as the founder members. Included in these 11 paratroopers was Jan Breytenbach, who was placed in command of the Founder Members by General Loots.

History
Major General Loots and the Chief of the Army, Lt. General Willem Louw realised the need for a South African Defence Force to have a special operations capability, but the Chief of the SADF, General Rudolph Hiemstra resisted. It was not until Admiral Hugo Biermann became Chief of the South African Defence Force in 1972 that the go-ahead was granted.

The unit was originally based at Oudtshoorn in the Cape Province, but was moved to Durban in 1974, where it was formally named 1 Reconnaissance Commando. In the early 1980s, the unit had less than 40 Recce's based at 1RR of which the majority were white. It was renamed 1 Reconnaissance Regiment in 1996, but was disbanded and integrated into 4 Reconnaissance Regiment and 5 Reconnaissance Regiment in 1997.

The South African Special Forces is a unit under the South African National Defence Force and were originally called the Reconnaissance Regiments. "South African Special Forces: Salary, World Rating, Weapons, Quick Facts", published by the website BuzzSouthAfrica. As the BuzzSouthAfrica article states, capabilities for a special forces unit was established in 1968. However, the actual unit was not created until 1972. According to the South African History website, legislation was passed in 1912 that allowed for the development for a special forces unit. The unit is still intact today. The creation of the Reconnaissance Commando was created in Outdshoorn, South Africa. The unit currently operates out of Durban, South Africa. The Reconnaissance Commando was formed in order to increase the strength of the South African military. This unit makes soldiers with very specialized and rare skills that make them an extremely valuable asset to South Africa's military.

Leadership
The South African Special Forces Association website shed a light onto the leader of the Reconnaissance Commando and the 11 men who first served in the unit. Commander JD Breytenbach led these men and pioneered a standard of training and professionalism that the SASF has followed since. A Special Forces unit was created by two Generals who pushed for permission to create it. Once they were given the go-ahead, the Generals appointed 12 troopers to the unit and began training them.


text:
Talk:Therion (band)

Untitled
I have plans to update this page fully shortly, so if it looks incomplete or untidy over the next few days, please be paitent while I complete the detailed history of this band - thanks (10/6/05)

Removed "Atlantis Lucid Dreaming" from the Discography section, seeing as how there is no such album. There has been information regarding this phantom album floating around, but it does not exist. - Ocarina (21 August 2005)
 * That's not true. Atlantis Lucid Dreaming is released by Nuclear Blast (CAT# NB1498) and you can find some informations about this album at the Therion's official website and at the official store  Visor 15:31, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I have a copy of Atlantis Lucid Dreaming sitting here in front of me right now. It most certainly does exist. dystopianray 09:37, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

The "History" section is very long, someone with more familiarity with the band than I should break it into multiple sections. An example of this can be found at the article for the Beastie Boys.--ByrnedHead 23:33, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

Seeing that Lemuria and Sirius B are two albums, not three, how come they're called a trilogy? -- 2006-03-23

1 or 3?
On another wikipedia article (Dragon Rouge, I think), it said all the band members were members of the organization. This article implies only one is. Could someone with more knowledge clear this up?

"The metal band Therion, popular in their field, and Dragon Rouge members, is particularly notable"

Liastnir 23:56, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Therion and DR and mr Eriksson
Previous member Tommie (Tommy) Eriksson, whom I added to the past members links since he was strangely missing, was and is a member of Dragon Rouge. At the present, it is however rather likely that Christofer is the sole member of this order in Therion. You might want to add Kim Blomqvist who played bass on tours between 1998-1999, tall guy with long blond hair on the pics from megatherion.com (for verification).

Martina Aster
Wasn't Martina Aster in Therion once? She isn't mentioned under former members, but I read that she was in the band at once time. Can someone with more knowledge look into this? Asarelah 01:57, 15 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, Martina Hornbacher Aster was a guest musician on Vovin tour and she sang on "Seawinds" (Crowning of Atlantis). Visor 21:32, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Little beast?
User:Brian G. Crawford made a correction to this article on March 18, stating that ''“Therion is a diminutive, and it means "wee beasty." Seriously.”'' No further substantiation was provided. A search on Google has revealed a few places where the word “therion” is indeed described as a diminutive of “ther”. But the fact that this is mentioned in so few sources, combined with the fact that I have never heard of such a translation before, makes me somewhat uncertain about this. Could someone with a knowledge of Greek confirm or refute this? --qvvx 00:28, 23 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Ah, User:67.68.14.130 has edited the phrase back to “simply beast”. Well, I hope this is right. --qvvx 20:30, 24 April 2006 (UTC)
 * See the LSJ page Njál 13:49, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Anders Engberg
I removed the links to Anders Engberg. I can't imagine that this is the same Anders Engberg as Lotta Engbergs former husband. Correct me if I'm wrong. Therion is a metal band, and one thing I know is that Lotta Engberg is definately NOT metal (Lotta Engberg is called "dansband" in Swedish).

User:J 1982

GA recommendation
I'm not going to fail the article or anything, but i'd like to raise a concern. As is the case with many band articles I find, this one goes way overboard in the background. While it is certainly broad, its definently too broad, if you have to make that many sections separated by year, I think that's a good sign you've gone into too much detail. Try to think of it like this, you're supposed to be writing an encyclopedic article on this band. Would all of the information in this article be included in a good looking encyclopedia? Someone familiar with the article may just want to start cutting large chunks out of stuff that isn't very important, I notice many times large gaps in wikilink coverage are a sure sign someone's gone off on an over-broad speal. Homestarmy 22:30, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * If someone takes the above person's advice, any info they cut would be beneficial in the album's respective article. LuciferMorgan 21:52, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Also, the article needs a lot more inline citations. There should be a few online webzine interviews with Christofer that could be used. LuciferMorgan 21:54, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
 * With these comments in mind, I'm failing this for now. Editors need to decide what information is going to stay where, clean up the cites, and get better referencing.  The images worry me a bit as well, so I suggest looking into that.  My suggestion, however, is to not eliminate information, but move it around.  If some of it can better be told in the album article, put it there.  Otherwise, keep it in here.  Background information is never bad, but make sure it's relevant. --badlydrawnjeff talk 15:56, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Where to is Richard Evensand's appointment and dismissal mentioned in the article? LuciferMorgan 05:13, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

The current photograph
It's...terrible...no offense to anyone but there's no way we can keep that. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.238.170.154 (talk) 15:48, 2 February 2007 (UTC).
 * No offense taken. And sorry, the image will stay until another free image is found. -- ReyBrujo 03:29, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

I kinda agree, we need a new photo. "International rock star - gravy maker extraordinaire." (Ozzy) 00:00, 18 April 2007 (UTC)
 * sofixit :-) -- ReyBrujo 03:29, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

 * You may use any picture you like from the official Therion web page. If you need some kind of written assignment for that, please mail the webmaster and we'll sort that. User:Christofer Johnsson  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.225.144.44 (talk) 02:19, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Bells of Doom.jpg
Image:Bells of Doom.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 02:04, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Requested move
Unconvinced that the proposed move to Therion, dispacing the disambiguation page currently there, is justified. How notable is this band? More so than the constellation Lupus, or the beast in Revelation? Andrewa (talk) 05:24, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
 * It is a pretty notable band. However, I once read that locations should always have a higher precedence when removing disambiguations, that would mean it should redirect to the constellation. But I am not confident that name is still used for the constellation. I am neutral in this matter. -- ReyBrujo (talk) 05:32, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Perhaps it's safer to leave the disambig where it is. Andrewa (talk) 06:18, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Too many alternative uses. Cross porpoises (talk) 22:21, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

I'm closing this one as a no consensus, per the above discussion. -GTBacchus(talk) 01:33, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Tribute band?
Article quotes
 * described as "the most adventurous metal band at present"

So how do i add it to WP's list of Spinal Tap tribute bands? --Jerzy "Certainly the ... longwindedest editor" Jerzinski•t 17:01, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

Lemuria/Sirius B
A question: Why does the "next/previous" template for the albums list Sirius B first? I say because, despite them both being released at the same time, alphabetically Lemuria comes first, and this is a policy the label has used on the spine of the double album (putting Lemuria first). It's picky, but WP shouldn't give incorrect impressions - I was surprised to see Sirius B first, as I had always played Lemuria before it, and so had to check in case I was wrong, but was not... 88.105.75.3 (talk) 18:45, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

Christofer Johnsson
In the article there is a line saying that in marsch 2006 Christofer Johnsson performed singing last time. I've found a live clip at Youtube with Christofer Johnsson as the lead singer in the song 'The Blood Of Kingu' and the clip is supposed to be from the Wacken festival 2007. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.226.183.96 (talk) 23:43, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

sorry, dude, there were 4 lead singers on that concert, and CJ was not among them. you might be simply confusing people. this non-issue should be deleted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.14.197.35 (talk) 15:55, 29 July 2010 (UTC)

Correct, it was probably Snowy Shaw, I can see the confusion. Drumkid13 —Preceding undated comment added 11:52, 31 August 2010 (UTC).

first quarter Moon (☽)
That image is not a first quarter moon. It is a waxing crescent. (In fact, that's the current lunar phase.) –  Ker αun oςc op ia◁ galaxies  14:32, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

Past Members?
I disagree with the inclusion of Matti Kärki as a previous (full) member of the band - (as far as I am aware) he was only the session vocalist for Therion's first demo. Drumkid13 (talk) 11:48, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

associated acts review
Please review this list Carbonized,  Serpent, Demonoid, Shadowseeds, Candlemass, Dezperadoz. per Template:Infobox musical artist/doc guidelines. It should not have Johnsson's non-Therion solo projects (but you can list those under Johnsson's infobox), nor bands where it acquired or released one or two members from unless it's an official band merger or a band spinoff. It should not have the one-time collaborations with orchestras and singers. If the band does get added to the list, their relationship should be detailed in the article. The Modern Art studio, if it has spawned a bunch of notable bands, can be given a separate article, or a section either under Johnsson if he is running that show, or here if the band is managing the effort.-AngusWOOF (talk) 20:59, 25 March 2013 (UTC) updated AngusWOOF (talk) 20:16, 28 March 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Beloved Antichrist article
Hello, today I created an article for Beloved Antichrist. Therion fans, please consider it a work in progress and add to it as you see fit. Actually I am not too knowledgeable about Therion and the album article needs more information, especially in the "Personnel" section. Enjoy! ---  DOOMSDAYER 520 (Talk|Contribs) 16:40, 11 June 2018 (UTC)

Leviathan Article
Greetings, i m writing this to let you all know i am working on an article for Leviathan, which as of writing this post the album is 4 days old. It is still very much WIP and i hope will not take too long to make, especially since this is my first wikipedia article. you can see me working on it at Draft:Leviathan (Therion Album). have fun you all. 🜚 Yatagarasu 🜚</b> 17:35, 26 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Therion (band)


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 3

June 3

 * 2012 – On approach to a landing at Lagos, Nigeria, the crew of Dana Air Flight 992, a McDonnell Douglas MD-83, reports engine trouble and declares an emergency. Shortly thereafter, the aircraft crashes into a furniture works and printing press building in the Iju-Ishaga neighborhood of Lagos, killing all 153 people aboard and ten people on the ground.  Additional people on the ground are injured.  This is the second-deadliest plane crash in Nigeria and the deadliest-ever involving an MD-83.

 * 2011 – An American unmanned aerial vehicle strike in South Waziristan, Pakistan, kills Ilyas Kashmiri, a senior al-Qaeda member and leader of the Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami.

 * 2011 – NATO attack helicopters go into combat in Libya for the first time, when two British Army Air Corps AgustaWestland Apaches operating from the Royal Navy amphibious assault ship HMS Ocean (L12) attack a radar site and an armed checkpoint near Brega and French Aérospatiale Gazelles simultaneously attack other Libyan government targets.

 * 2007 – Paramount Airlines helicopter crash: A Mil Mi-8 helicopter operated by Paramount Airlines crashed near Lungi International Airport in Sierra Leone, killing approximately 20 to 22 people.

 * 2006 – A People's Liberation Army Air Force converted KJ-200 (converted from Shaanxi Y-8), Y-8F-600, AWACS crashes in Guangde County in the People's Republic of China. All 40 people on board died.

 * 1977 – During an aerial demonstration at the Paris Air Show at Le Bourget Airport, Fairchild-Republic chief test pilot Howard W. "Sam" Nelson fails to recover from a loop in Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II, 75-0294, c/n A10-0043, '97', from Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, tail strikes runway with airframe in nose-high attitude, aircraft tumbles and disintegrates. Pilot dies en route to hospital.

 * 1975 – First flight of the Mitsubishi F-1 59-5107

 * 1973 – The first production Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic airliner (pictured) broke-up during a demonstration flight at the Paris Air Show, killing 14.

 * 1967 – Air Ferry Douglas DC-4 G-APYK on a charter flight from Manston Airport to Perpignan crashes into Mount Canigou, France, killing all 88 passengers and crew.

 * 1966 – Gemini 9 launched; 7th US 2-man flight (Astronauts Stafford & Cernan aboard).

 * 1966 – The Felthorpe Trident crash occurred when Hawker Siddeley Trident 1 C G-ARPY entered a deep stall from which the crew were unable to recover. The aircraft crashed at Felthorpe, Norfolk killing all four crew. This was the first loss of a Trident aircraft.

 * 1965 – Gemini 4 launched; 2nd US 2-man flight (Astronauts McDivitt & White aboard). Astronaut Edward White became the first American to “walk” in space, during the flight.

 * 1963 – Northwest Airlines Flight 293, a Douglas DC-7C, crashes into the Pacific Ocean, 182.5 miles (293.7 km) WSW of Annette Island, Alaska, killing all 101 on board.

 * 1962 – Air France Flight 007, a chartered Boeing 707, skids and burns after the pilot rejects takeoff, killing many of Atlanta, Georgia 's civic and cultural leaders; two flight attendants are the only survivors, as 130 die in the worst one-aircraft accident to that date.

 * 1962 – Bluegill, the first planned test of Operation Fishbowl, under Operation Dominic, to fly a nuclear warhead on Douglas SM-75 Thor IRBM, 58-2310, vehicle number 199, from Johnston Island in the Pacific Ocean, fails. Launched just after midnight, the missile appears to be on a normal trajectory, but the radar tracking system loses track of the vehicle. Because of the large number of ships and aircraft in the area, there is no way to predict if the missile is on a safe trajectory, so the range safety officers order the missile with its warhead to be destroyed. No nuclear detonation occurs, but no data is obtained either. Although, by definition, this qualifies as a Broken Arrow incident, this test is rarely included in lists of such mishaps.

 * 1959 – First class graduates from Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

 * 1959 – RAF de Havilland DH-106 Comet 2R, XK663, is destroyed in a hangar fire at RAF Watton. No fatalities.

 * 1959 – Second prototype North American XA3J-1 Vigilante, BuNo 154158, c/n NA247-2, crashes at Columbus, Ohio when hydraulic and electrical failures cause loss of control. Pilot was named Hopkins.

 * 1954 – Cape Canaveral, Florida Missile Test Range, supports the first attempted recovery of a winged missile that flew a programmed pattern and then returned to the Cape for refurbishing and reuse. A Northrop N-69A Snark missile, GM-3394, was successfully guided for landing on the Cape Canaveral Skid Strip, but the missile's rear skid was not locked and the vehicle crashed and exploded upon contact.

 * 1949 – First flight of the Lockheed XF-90.

 * 1949 – Sole Sukhoi Su-15 (Aircraft P) twin-engined jet all-weather interceptor develops severe vibration during 39th test flight, breaks up in mid-air forcing pilot S. N. Anokhin to eject. Project abandoned, second prototype never finished.

 * 1945 – (3-7) The ninth Kikusui attack off Okinawa involves only 50 kamikazes and causes no significant damage.

 * 1944 – Air attacks in support of the upcoming U. S. amphibious landings in the Mariana Islands begin with a raid by Southwest Pacific land-based planes against Palau.

 * 1944 – 41 Japanese planes attack U. S. landing forces off Biak, losing 11 of their number without inflicting any serious damage.

 * 1944 – F/L RE McBride and crew in a Consolidated Canso of No. 162 Squadron sank the German submarine U-477 north of the Shetland Isles.

 * 1943 – A Boeing B-17F-55-DL Flying Fortress, 42-3399, "Scharazad", of the Plummer Provisional Group, 318th Bomb Squadron, flying to Grand Island, Nebraska from Pendleton Army Air Base in Oregon crashes on Bomber Mountain in the Big Horn Mountains of Wyoming. 10 crew members were killed. Wreckage finally discovered on 12 August 1945.

 * 1942 – The Akutan Zero - During a Japanese raid on Dutch Harbor, eastern Aleutians, Alaska, the Mitsubishi A6M Model 21, 4593, 'D1-108', flown by Flying Petty Officer 1st Class Tadayoshi Koga (10 September 1922 - 3 June 1942) takes hit to oil line in a brush with a U.S. Navy PBY Catalina. Pilot realizes he cannot make return flight to carrier Ryujo so he attempts emergency landing on what appears to be grassy terrain on Akutan Island but turns out to be soft muskeg, fighter overturning as undercarriage makes contact, pilot killed by a broken neck. Attempt by Japanese submarine crew to rescue pilot is unsuccessful. U.S. Navy search team discovers nearly undamaged Zero with dead pilot still under the canopy, retrieves it and in August 1942 ships it to the Assembly and Repair Department at NAS North Island, San Diego, California for repair and evaluation, the second intact example to fall into American hands. Airframe had been built by Mitsubishi at Nagoya in February 1942.

 * 1942 – In an effort to decoy U. S. forces away from planned Japanese landings on Midway Atoll and to cover planned Japanese landings on Attu and Kiska, aircraft from the carriers Junyo and Ryūjō strike Dutch Harbor in the Aleutian Islands. Although only 12 planes, all from Ryūjō, manage to reach Dutch Harbor, they inflict considerable damage.

 * 1941 – RCAF 405 Squadron Wellington bombers made the first raid on Germany.

 * 1941 – Emilio Mola y Vidal, first Duke of Mola, Grandee of Spain (June 9, 1887 – 1937) was a Spanish Nationalist commander during the Spanish Civil War. He is best known for having coined the term “fifth column“. Mola died when the aircraft in which he was traveling crashed in bad weather while returning to Vitoria.

 * 1937 – Heinkel He 112, outfitted with a Kummersdorf weapons range-designed 4B rocket motor, piloted by Captain Erich Warsitz, on flight from out-of-way Markwalde airfield at Neuhardenberg, ~70&nbspkm E of Berlin, after normal takeoff, pilot engages rocket at half power to avoid overheating. Shutting down after ten seconds of mild acceleration, and gliding "the pilot noticed a strong acrid odor of burning rubber and paint clearly perceptible hot gases flowed under the pilot's seat. The pilot looked to the rear and noticed a strong flickering in the tail area. The airplane at this time was still at an altitude of about a hundred meters. Because the pilot had to fear that the mobility of the control surfaces would be compromised by the fire in the tail section, and because the nitrogen for fire extinguishing was completely exhausted, he decided on an immediate landing. Sufficient altitude to extend the landing gear was no longer available. The aircraft landed with fully extended flaps on its belly and skidded about 45m along the ground. Damage was significant. An unanticipated region of low aerodynamic pressure around the tail had caused alcohol fumes to be sucked back into the fuselage, where they were ignited by heating or the ignition flame." Repaired, the aircraft flies a few more times over the summer but as the safety of the system is doubtful, a redesign is ordered.

 * 1937 – The Spanish Nationalist commander General Emilio Mola dies when his plane crashes on the hill of Alcocero de Mola, near Burgos.

 * 1936 – In a crash that closely parallels the loss of the Boeing 299, General Walther Wever, Chief of Staff of the Luftwaffe, is killed at Dresden, Germany on take-off in a Heinkel He 70 when he fails to activate a lever in the cockpit that unlocks the control services. Wever, a supporter of four-engine long-range bomber design, had been developing a strategic bombing capability for the Luftwaffe, but following his death, Hermann Göring cancels these projects and the German Air Force never fields a viable strategic bomber — despite the RLM selecting this day to ironically announce the Bomber A aircraft design competition for such an aircraft.

 * 1936 – The British Air Ministry awarded a contract to Hawker for 600 Hurricane Mk. 1 fighters, the first of a new breed of high-speed, eight-gun interceptors for the RAF. This was the biggest peacetime order placed in Britain to date.

 * 1932 – First flight of the RWD 6

 * 1925 – Goodyear airship "Pilgrim" makes first flight (first with enclosed cabin).

 * 1923 – First flight of the Vickers Venture

 * 1918 – One Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI, a four-engined German biplane strategic bomber, modified as a float-equipped seaplane for the Marine-Fliegerabteilung (Imperial German Naval Air Service), with the designation Type L, serial 1432, using Maybach engines, first flown on 5 September 1917, crashes during testing on this date.

 * 1795 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard experiments with a parachute, releasing a silk parachute 20 feet in diameter, loaded with weight over England. Later he drops dogs attached to parachutes from his balloon.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 3


text:
Aprelevka

Aprelevka (Апре́левка) is a town in Naro-Fominsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located along the Moscow–Kaluga railway, 42 km from Moscow. Population:

Etymology
The town was named after the nearby Aprelevka River. While the name is quite similar to the Russian word "апрель" (April), it bears no etymological connection to it. Rather, it is derived from the word "прель", meaning a "damp place" or a "bog".

History
Aprelevka was founded in 1899. It was granted urban-type settlement status in 1935 and the town status in 1961.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with eight rural localities, incorporated within Naro-Fominsky District as the Town of Aprelevka. As a municipal division, the Town of Aprelevka is incorporated within Naro-Fominsky Municipal District as Aprelevka Urban Settlement.

Economy

Aprelevka's most notable industry was the Soviet Union's largest plant producing vinyl discs, which was founded in 1910 by three German businessmen: Gottlieb Moll, his son Johann, and August Kybarth. There is also a chemical plant in the town.

title: Aprelevka


text:
Wadd

Wed (وَدّ) (Ancient South Arabian script: 𐩥𐩵) is a pre-Islamic Arabian god. He was the national god of the Minaeans of South Arabia, Yemen, associated with snakes. He is also called Waad and Wadum.

In Arabian tradition, Wed was worshipped by the Banu Kalb tribe and his idol was located in the city of Dumat al-Jandal. The idol was said to be destroyed by Khalid ibn al-Walid. He is also mentioned in the Quran as a false god in Surat Nuh.

Pre-Islamic era
Wadd was the national god of Ma'in, or the Minaeans; the magic formula Wd'b or "Wadd is [my?] father" was written on amulets and buildings. These writings were often accompanied with a symbol; a crescent moon with the small disc of Venus.

An altar dedicated to him was erected by Minaeans living on the Greek island of Delos. The altar contains two inscriptions, one of which is in Minaean language and the other in Greek. Minaean inscription on the altar begins with symbols of three Minaean god one of which is of Wadd whose symbol is a snake. The Minaean text on the altar reads, "Hāni' and Zayd'il [of the lineage] of Hab erected the altar of Wadd and of the deities of Ma'in at Delos." The Greek inscription reads, "[Property] of Oaddos, god of the Minaeans. To Oaddos." He was also worshipped by Minaean colonists in Dedan (modern-day Al-'Ula) during the Lihyanite rule. A temple of Wadd evidently existed in Dedan. There is evidence from Minaean inscriptions of the presence of Levites in the temple of Wadd who according to some scholars were either as priests or cult servants who could later be promoted to higher positions.

Wadd was also the national god of the Awsan kingdom. It is known that in the Hellenistic era, a king of Awsan was proclaimed as "son of (god) Wadd", receiving offerings as if he himself were a god.

Islamic era
The theophoric name Abd Wadd is attested in the name of Amr ibn Abd Wadd, a champion of the tribe of Quraish who challenged the Muslims for a duel during the Battle of the Trench. Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin, accepted the challenge and killed Amr.

According to Hisham ibn al-Kalbi's Book of Idols, the Banu Kalb tribe worshipped Wadd in the form of a man and is said to have represented heaven. His idol and temple stood in Dumat al-Jandal, and Malik ibn Harithah, a former devotee of Wadd, describes his idol: "lt was the statue of a huge man, as big as the largest of human beings, covered with two robes, clothed with the one and cloaked with the other, carrying a sword on his waist and a bow on his shoulder, and holding in [one] hand a spear to which was attached a standard, and [in the other] a quiver full of arrows."

He is mentioned in the Qur'an (71:23) as a deity of the time of the Prophet Noah.

"And they say: By no means leave your gods, nor leave Wadd, nor Suwa'; nor Yaghuth, and Ya'uq and Nasr. (Qur'an 71:23)" The temple dedicated to Wadd was demolished on the orders of Muhammad in the expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (2nd Dumatul Jandal).

title: Wadd


text:
Luxury box

The luxury box (or skybox ) and club seating constitute the most expensive class of seating in arenas and stadiums, and generate much higher revenues than regular seating. Club ticketholders often receive exclusive access to an indoor part of the venue through private club entrances, to areas containing special restaurants, bars, merchandise stands, and lounge areas of the venue that are not otherwise available to regular ticketholders.

Location
These special private seating sections located within stadiums, arenas, and other sporting and entertainment venues, are typically located in the midsection and/or main stand or grandstand. However at some tennis venues (where stadiums are smaller) the luxury boxes are often but not always located at the lowest ring of seats, nearest to the playing court.

Stadium luxury boxes sometimes have their indoor facility glass panels which can be opened to a balcony type area, in order for the user to feel immersed in the action of the event.

Interior and amenities
The inside of a luxury box typically includes a bar, televisions, a small seating area, and a private bathroom. The boxes are usually catered, with guests enjoying corporate hospitality, with champagne, canapés, shrimp, and sushi being common favorites. The lease to a box usually comes with allocated parking spaces at the venue and access is usually provided with separate entrances, away from the general public gates.

Commercial aspects
Most luxury suites are leased by contract on a yearly basis, though some are bought in a manner similar to that for a condominium. These methods usually grant access to the box by the leaseholder or owner for every event held at the venue. A few venues rent them on a per-event basis. Prices vary from US$5,000 up to the millions of dollars depending on the venue and events held there.

Luxury boxes are a significant source of revenue for most professional sports teams and venue owners. Since the late 1990s, it has been proven that luxury suites and club seating are lucrative revenue-generating features that make pro sports teams financially successful in order to remain competitive long-term. While originally widespread among North American major pro sports, this trend is also gaining popularity in Europe. For instance, Emirates Stadium's revenue from premium seating and corporate boxes alone is nearly as high as the revenue from Arsenal F.C.'s previous stadium at Highbury.

Particularly in North American major professional sports leagues, luxury suite revenue does not have to be shared unlike gate receipts which are split with visiting teams, leading to teams demanding new venues that contain more luxury boxes.

Effect on other fans' seating
Some have commented that the rise of the luxury box, along with club seating, has degraded the game-day experience for the average fan, because placement of the boxes has moved the upper decks higher and farther away from the playing surface. Three current North American venues, Ford Field, Red Bull Arena, and Levi's Stadium, have addressed these concerns by placing all luxury boxes on one side of the playing surface, which allows the other sides of the venue to have closer sightlines than most modern venues. State Farm Arena in Atlanta formerly had all of its premium seating on one side of the arena; however, renovations that took place during 2017 removed the upper level luxury boxes and were replaced with a traditional upper deck and premium seating spread throughout the arena.

Prevalence
The stadium with the most luxury boxes is the Estadio Monumental "U" in Lima, Peru: with 1,251. The first stadium to contain a luxury box was the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, built in 1965. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway constructed their first luxury boxes (dubbed the "Turn Two Suites") in 1973 as part of the existing motel complex on the grounds. One unusual set of luxury boxes is located on the campus of Boston College. The school's main indoor arena, Conte Forum (also known as Kelley Rink for hockey games), is directly attached to its football venue, Alumni Stadium. Some of the luxury boxes in the combined complex overlook both the stadium's playing field and the arena floor. The University of South Dakota later borrowed Boston College's concept when it built the Sanford Coyote Sports Center, which opened in 2016 as the new home for the school's basketball and volleyball teams. Several boxes at the Sports Center allow their users to watch games at both the arena and the attached DakotaDome, home to USD football.

Luxury boxes have become a feature of the major professional sports league system in North America. The Palace of Auburn Hills' large number of luxury suites was a pioneer for the building boom of modern-style NBA arenas in the 1990s. The Detroit Pistons played in The Palace from its opening in 1988 through the 2016–17 season, by which time it was one of the NBA's oldest arenas. Nonetheless, The Palace's forward-thinking design contained the amenities that most NBA teams sought in newer arenas. The Pistons moved to the new Little Caesars Arena in midtown Detroit for the 2017–18 season, by which time only one of the five other NBA venues that opened in the 1988–89 season was still in use—the Bradley Center, which was replaced in 2018 by Fiserv Forum and then demolished in early 2019. Three others had already been demolished (Amway Arena, Charlotte Coliseum, and Miami Arena), and the last, Sleep Train Arena, was replaced in 2016.

Top-tier European pro association football teams have moved to new stadiums designed with a large number of luxury boxes, such as Benfica, Bayern Munich, Arsenal, and Juventus. Other clubs such as Real Madrid and Manchester United have extensively renovated their existing stadiums to add large numbers of luxury boxes.

Use in the NFL
Most notable in their use of luxury boxes is the National Football League. Under the NFL's current revenue sharing agreement, teams must forfeit a large portion of their ticket revenues so that the funds can be redistributed among all the teams, particularly those in smaller markets. However, the luxury boxes, quickly becoming a top source of revenue for the franchises, were exempted from this sharing requirement.

Furthermore, the NFL's blackout rule has led stadium operators to sacrifice seating capacity in favor of the luxury boxes, as it makes a sell-out easier with a lower total number of regular seats. Teams have used the threat of relocation to press state and local governments for financial assistance to either build new stadiums or renovate older venues.

Club seating
Club seating, club-level seating, or premium seating is a special section of seating in modern sports stadiums and arenas. These may be known by different terms, such as "Legends Suite seats" at Yankee Stadium or "Platinum Club" at Scotiabank Arena. Club-level seating is open to the elements, as opposed to the entirely enclosed luxury boxes, which gives more of an outdoor impression at roofless and open-roof stadiums and arenas. Club-level seating is typically considered a more exclusive class of seating than elsewhere in the venue, other than the luxury boxes.

Club-level seating can either be sold as individual tickets, or marketed on a contract basis (similar to luxury suites) to allow for maximum profit on the part of the venue. This gives club seats more flexibility for individuals and small companies, while luxury boxes can typically only be leased by large corporations willing to pay around US$500,000 or higher a year. Like luxury suites, club seating generates much higher revenues than regular seating.

While luxury boxes and personal seat licenses have been around since the 1960s, club-level seating is a recent innovation of the 1990s. The mid-stage is the optimal placement for luxury boxes in order to give them good sightlines to make them attractive for lessees, however only a limited number of luxury boxes can be placed there, as adding too many mid-level boxes will reduce seating capacity and degrade the viewing experience for other parts of the venue. For the area/stadium designer, club-level seating can be implemented in the middle tier at lower cost and less space than having all luxury boxes.

Description
Club levels normally provide fans several additional amenities than standard seating. The seats themselves are often wider and more comfortable than regular seats. The club level provides fans with special access to an indoor part of the venue exclusive to fans with special tickets. These areas are air conditioned and allow access to special restaurants, merchandise stands, and lounge areas of the venue that are not otherwise available to standard ticketholders. Concession stands and vendors on the club level also often offer different menus than in other stands to give more of a special feel to the club. These areas are closed off to the rest of the venue, and they usually can only be accessed through the exclusive, private club entrances. Parking and concierge service are often available to club levels. The ratio of toilets to fans is considerably higher in the club level than general seating, avoiding the long washroom lineups that plague regular admission fans.

The club level is usually located towards the middle of the stage of seating sections, above the lower deck but below the upper deck. They are usually situated near the luxury boxes, whether right above, right below, or sandwiched between two levels of luxury boxes. Unlike some luxury box levels, most club levels do not extend very wide or wrap entirely around the venue. Some club levels stop at a certain point, giving way to an expansion of the mezzanine, while others give way to lower-class luxury boxes (such as "party suites"). A notable exception to this is Emirates Stadium in London, which has a complete tier of club seating. Some venues such as the MetLife Stadium have luxury suites that are not completely enclosed and come with exposed seats similar to those at club level.

title: Luxury box


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Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 25

June 25

 * 2012 – Turkey accuses Syria of firing at a second Turkish Air Force plane while it is searching for crew of the F-4 Phantom II shot down on 22 June.

 * 2009 – Zest Airways Flight 863, a Xian MA60, registration RP-C8892, overruns the runway at Godofredo P. Ramos Airport, Philippines. The aircraft is substantially damaged but is to be repaired.

 * 2007 – PMTair Flight 241: Search-and-rescue teams combed the jungles of southern Cambodia after a passenger plane with 22 people on board crashed Monday while flying between two popular tourist destinations, officials said.

 * 1997 – First flight of the Ka-52 Alligator combat helicopter.

 * 1997 – Third Air Force Academy Slingsby T-3A Firefly crash in 28 months kills senior Cadet Pace Weber, 20, and his instructor, Captain Glen Comeaux, 31, when the engine sputters during a turn at ~500 feet altitude, aircraft enters spin and explodes on impact, two miles E of the Colorado Springs academy airfield. "Their plane had been written up by pilots 10 times for engine problems, including one during the flight immediately before the fatal trip. The Air Force said the engine was running at impact, although it was producing so little power that the propeller was barely turning."Although the Academy continues to fly the type, another incident in which the T-3 engine quits in-flight, forcing a dead-stick landing at the airfield, finally leads to USAF to ground the design on 25 July 1997, with the whole fleet eventually scrapped.

 * 1992 – Launch: Space Shuttle Columbia STS-50 at 12:12:23 pm EDT. Mission highlights: Spacelab mission.

 * 1972 – First flight of Yakovlev Yak-50 (1975) aerobatic sports airplane, V. I. Loychikov test pilot.

 * 1965 – A USAFUSAF Boeing C-135A-BN Stratolifter, 60-0373, c/n 18148, out of McGuire AFB, New Jersey, crashed after 0135 hrs. take off in fog and light drizzle from MCAS El Toro, California, USA. Pilot flew into Loma Ridge at 0146. 84 died. Aircraft was bound for Okinawa.

 * 1955 – First flight of the Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer

 * 1950 – Israeli airline El Al begins service.

 * 1950 – The Korean War breaks out as North Korea invades South Korea.

 * 1950 – The United States Air Force begins evacuating American citizens from South Korea.

 * 1947 – First flight of the Boeing B-50 Superfortress

 * 1946 – First flight of the Northrop YB-35 Flying Wing.

 * 1944 – First flight of the Composite jet and piston engine airplane. Ryan FR Fireball.

 * 1942 – No. 425 (Bomber) Squadron was formed in England.

 * 1942 – (Overnight) Royal Air Force Bomber Command flies its third “thousand-bomber raid, ” with 1,067 bombers targeting Bremen, badly damaging the city in exchange for the loss of 55 bombers; night fighters of II Gruppe of the Luftwaffe’s Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 alone shoot down 16 of them. The Avro Manchester bomber flies its last combat mission in this raid.

 * 1938 – The official public opening of Manchester Airport at Ringway, England, is held with an extensive air display.

 * 1936 – First flight of the Bristol Blenheim prototype K7033

 * 1935 – United States Coast Guard Lieutenant Richard L. Burke sets a world seaplane speed record carrying a 500-kg (1,102-lb) load over a 100 km (62 mi) course at an average speed of 280.105 km per hour (174.049 mph) flying a Grumman JF-2 Duck.

 * 1933 – Boeing Y1B-9A, 32-307, '190', of the 49th Bombardment Squadron, departs Logan Field, Baltimore, Maryland at 2020 hrs. on routine night training mission to Langley Field, Virginia, but experience difficulties at ~2200 hrs., attempts crash landing in the James River ~one mile from Rushmere Island. Bomber strikes water nose first, breaks in half, sinks, killing four crew including pilot 2nd Lt. Lewis Horvath and co-pilot H. W. Macklean.

 * 1928 – First flight of the Boeing Model 83 biplane, the last from this company in which wood was used for the wing frame and the last biplane built by Boeing.

 * 1928 – First flight of the Boeing P-12 with the United States Army Air Corps.

 * 1924 – Westbound from Rangoon to Akyab, the United States Army Air Service flight of Douglas World Cruisers attempting the first aerial circumnavigation of the world unknowingly flies over the Vickers Vulture II amphibian of the Royal Air Force team of MacLaren, Plenderleith, and Andrews, which is sheltering in a coastal bay in Burma while eastbound from Akyab to Rangoon during its own attempt at a circumnavigation.

 * 1923 – First flight in the USSR of K. K. Artseulov on a glider.

 * 1919 – The world’s most modern airliner, the Junkers F-13, makes its first flight at Dessau, Germany. It is made entirely of metal, with a strong, corrugated outer skin and cantilever wing structure, without struts or bracing wires.

 * 1914 – Tom Blakely flies the West Wind in Calgary, Canada. The Curtiss-type biplane was designed by Frank Ellis.

 * 1910 – The Hubbard monoplane, also referred to as ‘Mike’, was entered in the Montreal Air Meet of 25 June-5 July, 1910.

 * 1894 – Hermann (Julius) Oberth, German scientist who was one of three founders of space flight (with Tsiolkovsky and Goddard), is born.

 * 1886 – Henry H. "Hap" Arnold is born at Gladwyne, PA. Arnold, who had received flying instructions from Orville Wright in 1911, was the Commanding General of the U. S. Army Air Force in WW II. Arnold retired in 1946 and died near Sonoma, CA on January 15, 1950.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 25


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Azizos

In ancient Arab mythology, Azizos or Aziz (Palmyrene: 𐡰𐡦𐡩𐡦 ʿzyz) is the Palmyran Arab god of the morning star. He is portrayed as riding a camel with his twin brother Arsu, although one source says that "Azizos is depicted as a horseman, whereas Arşu is a cameleer." He was venerated separately in Syria as god of the morning star, Phosphoros, in company with the astral god Monimos, Hesperos.

Azizos was identified as Ares by Julian in his work 'Hymn to King Helios'. He says "Now I am aware that Ares, who is called Azizos by the Syrians who inhabit Emesa..."

title: Azizos