text:
Talk:The Sound of Silence

Christian images
hmmm

Both Simon and Garfunkel were jewish, so saying that The Sound of Silence is stock-full of christian images is not exactly accurate, considering that they were both practicing jews. Saying "religious" imagery may be a better way.

 * Not sure. They both were brought up as jews but didn't Simon have a song called "Jesus is the Answer"? Will look this up, worried cf. Norman Greenbaum. Also worth pointing out that there's no good reason why Christ allegories can't be used by non-christians. See The Matrix.Matthew Platts 9 July 2005 17:02 (UTC)

I've wondered this too, and have left a note at Talk:Paul Simon asking about his religious affiliation. There are other songs on "Wednesday Morning 3 AM" that are distinctly christian, much more obviously so than "The Sound of Silence": "You Can Tell The World", "Benedictus", "Go Tell It On The Mountain". Of course, S&G didn't write those songs, but they did choose to sing them. --Angr/undefined 09:42, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Most of the things on the internet, especially the interviews with S&G say that the song is about alienation and society's inability to communicate on an emotional level. As a christian, I really do not see any link to the book of Exodus here. Yes, there is a little "religious" language, but it's a poetic thing - it provides a wonderful contrast between the light and dark, the gentle and the harsh. These are the bigger themes in the song.

 * I think there is some religious imagery, but most of it is about Prophets and god in general. I think Tanakh or maybe Old Testament, if he had become christian, imagery is possible. I don't recall thinking any of it is specifically about Christ though and I've heard this song my whole life.(My parents were fans of this group and also quite strongly catholic so I think they would've picked up on such a thing)--T. Anthony 15:22, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I altered that section. I know I have no source for this, but I think it reads as more justifiable to the song.--T. Anthony 15:13, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

The "Bowed and prayed to the neon god they made" bit kind of reminded me of the whole golden calf debacle in the old testament, but I didn't really think that's what it was actually supposed to be about. I just figured it represented the "shiny objects" that distract us from one another.--71.229.77.97 (talk) 18:59, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Just adding to this as someone who grew up on this song, became part of the "Jesus Movement"/Jesus Freaks"/"JesusPeople" of the early 70s, and gravitated to a coffeehouse called "The Bridge," which was very much referring to "Bridge over Troubled Waters" and was a mission for teens and young adults in the college town I lived in. Much older now, I just watched a special tribute to Paul Simon last week. (End of December 2022, since this is an old thread.)
 * We knew Bridge over Troubled Waters was not a Christian song, just like we knew this wasn't. But Paul Simon is very much a poet, so took from experience. America was never a "Christian nation," however, the country did have assumed morals taken from the Old Testament/Pentateuch/Torah, and didn't start questioning them until the late 60s. He lived in that era, but he was also one of the voices singing a different tune. (Pun unintended, but enjoyed.)
 * I see this as a surprisingly prophetic song, 50+ years later. Not Christian, but America has created a more modern morality by accepting the philosophy found on subway walls and tenement halls. Read what the taggers write, and see if it isn't what America practices today. 2600:4040:7EDC:6400:84CF:1B96:7D78:6EC5 (talk) 18:37, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

I traveled to Latin America last year and there they sing a traditional catholic hymn that has the same exact melody as this song. I don't know the hymn's name but clearly Simon and Garfunkel took the melody. --24.226.31.126 (talk) 22:55, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

 * " . . . clearly Simon and Garfunkel took the melody" — Personally, I'd want a lot more evidence than that. What seems more likely to me is that the melody was adapted for that "traditional hymn".  I've known quite a few cases where things were labeled as being "traditional" within five years or so after being composed.  Half a century (or a little less, when that comment was posted) is plenty of time.  If you don't even know the name, what evidence do you have that it's "traditional"??  "The Sounds of Silence" was tremendously popular in the mid-1960s.   Davecat4 (talk) 03:20, 16 February 2021 (UTC)

Actually, the hymn's name is Padre Nuestro (Our Father). Its melody is originally from Simon and Garfunkel (being The Sound of Silence), and the Latin Americans adapted it to be a more Catholic song.

Also noted the reference to a "false" god in the article when discussing the "neon god" lyric. The term "false god" is not found in the song and no sources have been provided to suggest this Christian association. I'd suggest this should be changed unless anyone has justification for it? SycamoreWood (talk) 11:09, 16 February 2023 (UTC)

Full Lyrics?
Is there any reason why this article shouldn't contain the entire lyrics for this song?--User:Gravinos 02:31, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Unless there is any objection, I'm going to add the full lyrics of the song to this article. I will wait one week for any objections to my proposal before carrying it out. If no one voices their objections on this page, I will take it as a sign that there are none. --User:Gravinos 02:31, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

 * That would be copyright violation; there is already an external link to the lyrics. The lyrics already on the page might be too much already, I am not sure. BryanOU 22:45, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * WikiProject_Songs states that we shouldn't put lyrics on the main pages, as they are most likely copyrighted already. I think we'd have to show that they aren't copyrighted in order to actually post them. Banaticus 04:18, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Well I'm glad they're there. Leave them. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 64.122.208.51 (talk) 15:19, 1 February 2007 (UTC).

 * I've removed the lyrics for the aforementioned copyright reasons. If people really want to find them, they're out there, and it's a clear copyright violation. El Zoof 04:27, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

Quotes
This whole section is based on quotes found on a webpage with no references or citations. Can we please find sources for any of these?

Title is wrong.
It's "Sounds" not "Sound" Zazaban 05:02, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, it is "Sound", and this controversy should be noted in the article. The original name is "The Sound of Silence", then when Bob Wilson reissued the "electric" version, it was renamed "The Sounds of Silence", and as such it was known for many years, till Paul Simon finally got to unify the title in every S&G record, back to the original title. Nazroon 00:27, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * To confirm this, yes, the song is "The Sound of Silence," but this fact was not acertained with certainty until the 1990s. I want to say that it was when the Old Friends box set came out. I'll have to dig out my copy of the box set, but I remember the essay in that box said that a lot of research, going back to the original copyright registration, handwritten lyrics and the like, was involved in determining the song's true title. Even on Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M., the song was listed as "The Sounds of Silence" with an S, and the 45, the later LP of the same name, the Greatest Hits album and even Live Rhymin' had it with an S. I don't advocate changing the name of the page, but I'd think there needs to be a redirect reflecting that most people know the song (incorrectly) as "The Sounds of Silence". Cheemo 04:34, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Problem with authorship of song
From the first paragraph: It was written by Paul Simon in the aftermath of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963.

From History section: This song, contrary to all popular belief, was not written by Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel. Like many other Simon and Garfunkel songs, it was written by a man under contract with them who would ask for his time to be witheld.

These two bits of information can't both be right. WHICH ONE is right? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wendingwanderer (talk • contribs) 00:51, August 26, 2007 (UTC)
 * Of courser it's by Simon, that other bit is just a fluke.. /Strausszek (talk) 03:46, 1 August 2009 (UTC)

Inconsistencies
This article states in the opening section that the song reached #1 on New Years Day 1966 (Jan 1, 1966). Later in the article, it states that it reached Number One on US charts late 1965, and early 1966, causing them to reunite. It then states that their next album 'Sound of Silence' was hastily recorded Dec 1965 - Jan 1966. How could they do this without being back together which didn't happen until at least 1966? Donnyj (talk) 22:55, 29 April 2008 (UTC)Donnyj

The article is wrong. I'll fix it. Simon & Garfunkel reunited in December 1965, primarily to record most of the tracks for Sounds Of Silence. The original track of Simon & Garfunkel's vocals and acoustic guitar of "The Sounds of Silence" single was from Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M., recorded 10 March 1964. Tom Wilson held an overdub session on 15 June 1965 to record the electric guitar, bass, and drums for the single track. The B-side "We've Got A Groovey Thing Goin'" was recorded on 5 April 1965. The single was released in September 1965. Once the single entered the charts in the fall of 1965, Simon returned to the USA from Europe, where he had been performing solo for several months prior. See my page here: Absecon 59 (talk) 12:20, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

The edition I saw made this statement: "The single was released in September 1965 and immediately began climbing the charts." It appears that the phrase, "immediately began climbing the charts," is pure rhetoric, without any factual backup. In point of fact, the record was released on September 18. It was not listed on the Billboard Hot 100 until November 20, and the ARSA does not list it as being on any radio station's charts prior to October 11. Therefore I am removing this phrase. — Preceding unsigned comment added by AQuandary (talk • contribs) 16:19, 26 December 2015 (UTC)

This and many other sources claim that Tom Wilson used the same musicians for the overdub as were used on Bob Dylan's "Like a Rolling Stone." However, a comparison of musician credits in the Wikipedia articles for these two songs indicate that the only musician who played on both was drummer Bobby Gregg. Bass was played on LARS by Joe Macho, Jr.; on TSOS by Bob Bushnell; guitar on the former by Mike Bloomfield; on the latter by Al Gorgoni. Either the musician credits or the general assertion is wrong. Somebody with accurate knowledge please clarify. — Preceding unsigned comment added by AQuandary (talk • contribs) 15:20, 27 December 2015 (UTC)

Another Cover
Burton C. Bells side project, Ascension of the Watchers, covered the song on their CD Numinosum —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.91.144.11 (talk) 12:03, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

Vienna Teng covered this song as well. She has never released it officially but apparently covered it on one of her tours. Some fans of her seem to have it linked on her official forums at http://www.viennateng.com, however I have no proper link at the moment. There is also a YouTube video showing a woman dancing while having that cover song in the background, but I'd rather not link it here since I'm not sure about possible copyright issues. --178.1.7.187 (talk) 22:16, 25 April 2010 (UTC)

Blender's worst songs
Somehow this song made it onto Blenders 50 worst songs of all time. I'm not sure if this should be included in the article because it seems like a joke because a few other well received songs are on that list as well like The End by The Doors, but i'm still unsure weather or not to include it in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mjosephs (talk • contribs) 00:09, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

Cover
Point Valid and Catherine Asaro also released a copy of this song on their album/soundtrack Diamond Star. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.101.59.38 (talk) 06:01, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

Paul Simon Sound of silence rare beatle PROMO RECORD dj copy
VERVE yellow promo dj copy 45 vinyl has John Lennon Paul Mccarthy Beatles Lady Madonna on one side and Paul SIMON Sound of Silence on other side. 45 rpm vinyl record in procession. Tmmassari (talk) 20:33, 23 September 2010 (UTC) tmmassari

Paul Simon Sound of silence verve promo dj beatile copy
VERVE yellow promo dj copy 45 vinyl has PAul Simon Sound of silence John Lennon Paul Mccarthy Beatles Lady Madonna on other side ````

Reference conflicts with article information
The article names the Bob Dylan band members who added the electric instruments and drums to the original acoustic recording. But the cited references do not support the information, and footnote 8 specifically names a different drummer and an additional guitarist. Please clarify. ˜˜˜˜ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.167.92.175 (talk) 07:19, 6 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I've corrected it. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 13:12, 6 November 2011 (UTC)

 * There are two conflicting lists of musicians in this page: in the first paragraph it has Al Gorgoni, Bob Bushnell and Bobby Gregg on guitar/bass/drums, but further down it lists Gorgoni and Vinnie Bell on guitars, Joe Mack on bass and Buddy Salzman on drums. They can't both be correct; which is it? Shalom S. (talk) 16:35, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

Legacy/Presence in other Media
Anyone want to help me form a list of all its appearance in media? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.82.187.1 (talk) 09:26, 4 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Please read In_popular_culture first. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 22:42, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

To whoever updates this Wikipedia entry business, A section of The Sound of Silence appeared on Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist on April 5, 2020 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoey%27s_Extraordinary_Playlist) in the episode called "Zoey's Extraordinary Silence." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:583:300:D20:2D9F:BFE9:3FCF:F2AB (talk) 08:22, 8 April 2020 (UTC)

Mass Texting/MP3s Foretold
This song was always discussed as echoes of a bleak technological wasteland. Here we are living the lyrics. People too busy with their devices to look up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.167.238.81 (talk) 07:20, 6 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Please limit discussion on article talk pages to efforts to improve the article. Thanks. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 21:40, 6 February 2013 (UTC)

another cover
rocksteady cover by THE GAYLADS 1967 prod. by C. S. DODD http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsone_Dodd

I can't link a youtube video but you can easy find it — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.147.119.176 (talk) 17:55, 6 May 2013 (UTC)

"The Awakening" did a cover in 1997 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zt72iC7GJrQ) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risen_(The_Awakening_album)) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.241.102.94 (talk) 03:16, 18 May 2013 (UTC)

Sergio Denis (old and popular spanish cover)
Los sonidos del silencio... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.225.70.219 (talk) 17:08, 22 March 2015 (UTC)

Disturbed needs update
Need to update Disturbed chart rank with its continued climb.2602:30A:C016:A3A0:6526:6EEE:1B3A:1F03 (talk) 08:47, 4 July 2016 (UTC)GAfromCA

Song Meaning Misquote
Quote from the article:

"Garfunkel once summed up the song's meaning as 'the inability of people to communicate with each other, not particularly internationally but especially emotionally, so what you see around you are people unable to love each other.'"

First, the word "internationally" makes no sense in this context. I believe Paul Simon actually explained the meaning of the song. See this Youtube video

Evan Canady (talk) 03:29, 19 January 2017 (UTC)

 * You're right. I watched the YouTube video and the word is "intellectually", not "internationally", which makes much more sense. This might have been misheard and misquoted because there is a short burst of microphone noise. [CJL, Wikipedia user, UK] 109.147.47.68 (talk) 12:55, 12 March 2024 (UTC)

D# natural minor?
Either it's D# minor or  D natural minor. Kortoso (talk) 21:39, 14 March 2017 (UTC)

 * Minor_scale - not natural as in "D natural". (But as this is the usual meaning of "D minor" as a key, 'natural' could probably be omitted.)  TSP (talk) 00:08, 15 March 2017 (UTC)

Key
The article notes that the song is in D♯ minor - however, live, Simon and Garfunkel have sung it keys including D and E. Unfortunately I don't think a reliable source has ever remarked on this - but keep an eye out in case one ever does and we can put it in the article! TSP (talk) 00:36, 21 March 2017 (UTC)

Original version
This Wiki page is all about the mixed CBS version Sound of Silence, not the original song, this page need updates badly, the covered version gets all the attention this way! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.80.157.6 (talk) 10:30, 5 August 2017 (UTC)

 * I think the page has a good balance on the two S&G versions (the remix is MUCH more notable than the original). I don't quite understand what you consider "the covered version."  That said, I think the Disturbed version is getting a bit more space than it might.  I have never heard it or anything about it outside this page - but that may just be my "bubble." --John (User:Jwy/talk) 17:57, 5 August 2017 (UTC)

 * From my perspective, the Disturbed cover was literally inescapable for months or even years. I can't stand it, but it definitely made a big dent. Jules TH 16 (talk) 17:04, 24 April 2021 (UTC)

Meme status
The most ubiquitous usage of this song is in memes. Why is there absolutely no mention of this? Taric25 (talk) 12:43, 29 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Can you provide a reliable source documenting the notability of this? TSP (talk) 13:22, 29 August 2018 (UTC)

Not a lot out there which is a shame because its definitely a relevant subject to the popular culture section. Would dictionary.com meet the standards in the apparent absence of anything better?

https://www.dictionary.com/e/memes/hello-darkness-my-old-friend/ SycamoreWood (talk) 11:20, 16 February 2023 (UTC)

 * I've recently added a reliable source, The Independent, which mentions this to some extent. It's included in the popular culture section now. Coalah (talk) 19:13, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

Remix section
Errors are visible in the text. -Inowen (nlfte) 06:40, 28 November 2018 (UTC)

Soundtrack of this song
Can maybe someone add soundtrack to this song article? I mean, if there aren't any copyrights. -Undiine55 (talk) 21:28, 12 January 2019 (UTC)

Problem areas in the article
This article overall has a good structure, but some of the points in the article may need to be cleaned up a bit. It’s already been made clear that the article is weak with citations, but the opening paragraphs and the Other Cover Versions section need some serious work. Not only are they insufficiently cited, but both of them seem to be overstretched. I would suggest moving some of the opening information down to the body of the article and either cleaning up Other Cover Versions or removing it entirely. If these things were fixed I feel that this could be a high quality article. AlexhendersonSCC (talk) 23:40, 30 March 2019 (UTC)

"lost" covers
Way back this page had a comprehensive listing of covers that were removed by an ip edit at some point. Some of the tracks on the list feel much more relevant that what is currently in the section. I'll re-add them to the The Sound of Silence section unless there are any objections. -- Hairmare (talk) 00:54, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

 * The Bachelors released a cover version as a single (Decca F12351, 9 Apr 1966), hitting number 3 in the UK charts. The track has been included on many of their albums.
 * B.B. Seaton and The Gaylads recorded a Reggae version in 1967.
 * Boudewijn de Groot, a famous Dutch artist, included a translated version of the song on his 1965 Apocalyps album. The lyrics were translated by his textwriter Lenneart Nijgh.
 * It was covered in French by Gérard Lenorman under the title "Chanson d'innocence" (1981).
 * German ethereal band Dark Orange released two versions of the song in 1992 as a single.
 * "The Sounds of Silence" was covered by Icelandic singer Emilíana Torrini for a 1996 compilation, Stone Free
 * Gregorian recorded a version for their 1999 album Masters of Chant.
 * Progressive metal band Nevermore also recorded their own rendition for their 2000 album, Dead Heart in a Dead World. While directly borrowing Simon's lyrics and vocal melody, musically, Nevermore's version barely resembles the original, lasting over two minutes longer, and with only the introductory guitar chords resembling the original melody.
 * German metalband Atrocity covered this song for their album Gemini in 2000. It features Norwegian singer Liv Kristine.
 * Dinu Bomha released an instrumental version on the panflute in 1999
 * Shaw Blades, consisting of Night Ranger's Jack Blades and Styx's Tommy Shaw, covered the song on their 2007 album Influences.
 * In November 2007, the female British classical choral quartet All Angels of Universal Records released a cover of the song on their album Into Paradise.
 * Argentinian singer Sergio Denis has made a spanish cover of this song.
 * Ascension of The Watchers on album Numinosum
 * Ove Jungsjö wrote lyrics in Swedish, as En ton av tystnad, which was recorded by Tommy Körberg in 1970 as B-side for the Sol på Jorden single, which was at Svensktoppen for two weeks during the period 10-17 October 1971, with the positions 6 and, and by Anni-Frid Lyngstad in 1993 on the album ''Tre kvart från nu'.
 * While not a cover, per se, Rush riffs on Sounds of Silence in The Spirit of Radio, from their 1980 album Permanent Waves: "For the words of the prophets were written on the studio wall/Concert hall/And echoes with the sounds of salesmen/Of salesmen/Of salesmen"

Origins
What do fellow editors make of these news articles and memoir from last summer? If the story and source are reliable, presumably that info should be included. What more corroboration does this need? Also, is the published memoir reliable?
 *
 * See also Sanford Greenberg which corroborates his friendship with Art Garfunkel.
 * Simon Grant (talk) 17:48, 2 April 2021 (UTC)

Original music
El Cóndor Pasa 78.55.235.141 (talk) 18:14, 23 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Sound of Silence


text:
Talk:Onychophora

Translation from German
There is an excellent (and acknowledged as such) article on these creatures at the German wikipedia. I've started a translation but it may take a while because the article is enormous and contains a lot of technical detail. Yummifruitbat 00:44, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to update, I got about 6 paragraphs into the translation and then my real life workload picked up pretty heavily. I'd sort of forgotten about this until Richard001 asked me whether I was still working on it. The answer is, currently, no, but I'd like to pick it back up again when I've finished uni which will be in about 2 months' time. I'll make it a priority then, but in the mean time if someone else wants to tackle it I won't protest. Sorry to have left it for so long. --YFB ¿  12:44, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

Placenta?

 * Onychophorans are among the few animals other than mammals with placentas. Most species, including Epiperipatus biolleyi, give live birth. (National Geographic, October 1993, p. 136)

What are the other non-mammal animals to have placentas? This is amazing! -- Toytoy 14:19, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Is this actually true? Why isn't it in the article?  The Jade Knight 00:11, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I saw these paragraphs in the German Wiki :

 * Echt lebendgebärende Arten finden sich in beiden Familien, besonders in tropischen Regionen mit einem über das Jahr hinweg stabilen Klima und gleichmäßigem Nahrungsangebot. Die sich aus den nur mikrometergroßen Eiern entwickelnden Embryonen werden im Uterus von ihrer Mutter ernährt; sie werden daher als matrotroph bezeichnet. Die Versorgung erfolgt entweder durch mütterliche Sekretabgabe in den Uterus oder durch eine echte Gewebeverbindung zwischen dem Gebärmutterepithel und dem heranwachsenden Embryo, eine so genannte Plazenta . Ersteres kommt nur außerhalb des amerikanischen Kontinents vor, letzteres findet sich in erster Linie in Amerika und der Karibik, seltener in der alten Welt. Die Tragzeit, an deren Ende die Jungtiere bereits weitgehend entwickelt geboren werden, kann bis zu 15 Monate betragen. Die im Uterus eines Weibchens vorfindlichen Embryonen müssen nicht notwendigerweise gleichaltrig sein; es kann durchaus vorkommen, dass sich dort zahlreiche unterschiedlich entwickelte Tiere finden, die zudem von verschiedenen Männchen abstammen.

 * Die Peripatopsidae weisen verhältnismäßig viele als ursprünglich oder "primitiv" eingeschätzte Merkmale auf. Sie besitzen 13 bis 25 Beinpaare; hinter oder zwischen dem letzten davon befindet sich die Geschlechtsöffnung (Gonopore). Sowohl eierlegende (ovipare), eierlebendgebärende (ovovivipare) als auch echt lebendgebärende (vivipare) Arten kommen vor, eine Plazenta besitzen Peripatopsidae allerdings grundsätzlich nicht. Ihr Verbreitungsgebiet liegt zirkumaustral in Australien und Tasmanien, Neuseeland, Neu-Guinea, Südafrika und Chile.

 * Die Peripatidae zeigen eine Reihe von abgeleiteten Merkmalen. Von größerer Durchschnittslänge als die Peripatopsidae besitzen sie auch mehr Beinpaare: Deren Zahl variiert innerhalb der Gruppe zwischen 22 und 43; die Gonopore liegt immer zwischen dem vorletzten davon. Ovipare Arten gibt es bei den Peripatidae nicht, die weitaus überwiegende Anzahl ist vivipar. Bei vielen Weibchen der letzteren Gruppe bildet sich eine Plazenta aus, die den heranwachsenden Embryo mit Nährstoffen versorgt. Vorkommen der Peripatidae sind auf die tropische und subtropische Zone beschränkt; im Einzelnen kommen sie in Mittel- und im nördlichen Südamerika sowie auf mehreren karibischen Inseln vor, daneben auch in Westafrika, Nordindien, Malaysia und einzelnen indonesischen Inseln.

 * Sorry, my German is not that good. -- Toytoy 12:42, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

No class or order?
Have a class and order been named for the phylum's taxonomy? If not, why not? Aren't order and class standard ranks that are always added? The phylum Placozoa has only one family with one species, but they still made an order and class for it. So where are these for Onychophora? Jerkov 17:29, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Translation still in progress
As noted above, I've been working intermittently on a translation of the Featured Article on this subject from the German Wikipedia. I've got a bit more done of late and my progress so far can be seen in my sandbox. I'm going to hold off merging it until it's completed, but any wikifying etc. that people might feel like doing while it's still in the sandbox would be very welcome. Once again, sorry for the long drag - I'll get there eventually, honest! --YFB ¿  02:33, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I've wikified the classification section as best I could, replacing the Latin taxon names with the usual English ones, and assumed the dagger meant the taxon was extinct. (I haven't bothered doing it for subtaxa since that's kind of implicit :) And wow, Peripatopsidae has a lot of genera!) Hairy Dude 00:34, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

How about a line drawing?
Thanks for the picture, but how about a labeled line drawing of the beastie? I'm having trouble envisioning its segmented head. The Sanity Inspector 18:57, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Translation Complete!
I've finally finished the translation from the German "exzellentes Artikel" that I've been tackling on-and-off since May last year. I've tried to make it as literal a translation as possible but have made adjustments where necessary to make the English more natural. There are probably quite a few errors so corrections are welcome! Cheers, --YFB ¿  19:12, 1 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks, it's much better than before! It does need some tweaking though, especially about the annelid/arthropod relationships.  When I get the time I'll go through and edit it for those things and grammar.  KarlM (talk) 15:43, 2 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Great, look forward to seeing your edits. The phylogeny and taxonomy sections were a bit beyond my level of expertise so I'm pretty sure I've used the wrong terms in places. Thanks, --YFB ¿  18:10, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Segmented?
Here's an excerpt from Stephen Jay Gould's essay The Reversal of Hallucigenia:

About eighty species of living onychophorans have been described...

...They are elongated, soft bodied, and unsegmented (the ringlike "annulations" on antennae, legs, and sometimes on the trunk are superficial and do not indicate the presence of segments, or true divisions of the body).

--Roivas (talk) 21:43, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

Examples?
Would this overview article on the phylum be improved by two or three brief examples of named species? I'm thinking of largest, smallest, most widely-distributed, and the most frequently-encountered as exotic pets: there's no need for more than a sentence each, with a link to a stub article (or a real one if they exist) for the named species.

Nile (talk) 22:52, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

Pigmentation
Just a note I need to elaborate on when I get the chance to source it - http://www.biologia.ucr.ac.cr/rbt/attachments/onicof/onynew99/onyevolu.htm

http://download.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=119239364&PLACEBO=IE.pdf&mode=pdf

Martin  (Smith609 – Talk)  22:28, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

Eyes
The section on sensory organs mentions the eyes which is not coming from the German article most of the rest is coming from. It says:

 * The rhabdomeric eyes of the onychophora are thought to be homologous with the median ocelli of arthropods; this would imply that the last common ancestor of arthropods bore only median ocelli.[3] However, the innervation shows that the homology is limited: the eyes of onychophora form behind the antenna, whereas the opposite is true in arthropods.[4]

This seems both NPOV and flawed to me, for the following reasons:

1) "this would imply" is a counterfactual, i.e. it would but it doesn't. However, the link is to an abstract of a scientific paper that actually makes that claim, and since Wikipedia must remain NPOV, either this is a valid scientific claim (in which case it should be refrased to something like "scientists have claimed that ..."), or it isn't, in which case I'd like to see more than one dismissals of it. Which brings me to

2) the "however" part which dismisses the idea brought forth in 1) is referenced only by an ISDN number, one that I haven't been able to trace, with no description or title or whatever. This doesn't seem to me a very valid rebuttal. And even if it is, has it more value than the other source? Also

3) "the homology is limited: (...) behind the antenna, whereas the opposite (...) in arthropods". However, this claim is only valid when the antenna of the velvet worms and arthropods are homologous, which this article claims it isn't. I quote:

 * [The velvet worm antenna] probably do not correspond directly to the antennae of the Arthropoda, but perhaps rather with their "lips" or labrum

If this is true, the homology of the eyes is still very much possible, as the labrum in arhtropods are below the eyes.

Perhaps someone can shed a light on what is true and what is not, as I am unfortunately no expert on matters.

One more remark: the text mentions the eyes are "just underneath the head". I think what's meant is that they are just below the skin of the head. I'm not entirely sure, the original German text doesn't seem to mention it.

Jalwikip (talk) 10:18, 12 June 2009 (UTC)

Hallucigenia?
It seems that everybody is now looking at the pre-Cambrian animal hallucegenia as a form of onychophora. I'm no expert, so what do people think of this development! 124.170.123.65 (talk) 06:35, 29 September 2009 (UTC)
 * It's been pretty well established for some time. The depiction in Wonderful Life is upside down.  KarlM (talk) 08:13, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

Details
What texture is the body (ie slimy, soft, hard, etc)? It mentions that they have slime glands, but not very much else on this topic. UNIT A4B1 (talk) 22:30, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

False information
Apparently I have to write here to show a very common mistake: "The segmented worm-like organisms" They are not worm-like at all, anything but a worm. Calling it a worm is like calling a caterpillar a worm - so unless any proof can be shown that it is indeed, a worm - it will be deleted. They have cuticle, something a worm does not have. They have 'legs', something a worm does not have. Others example follows. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.112.133.48 (talk) 03:01, 10 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I think the point of that is to give the reader a general idea of what velvet worms are like. How about "caterpillar-like"?  ~XarBioGeek  ( talk ) 21:19, 10 May 2010 (UTC)

A velvet 'worm' is much more similar (anatomically and physiologically) to a caterpillar then to a worm. I would whole-heartedly agree to this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.112.133.48 (talk) 23:06, 10 May 2010 (UTC)

 * They are often compared to worms, caterpillars and slugs, e.g. "Onchyophorans, or velvet worm s, are ... worm like bilaterians ... Because they resemble worm s with legs ... Superficially they resemble caterpillar s, but have also been compared with slug s" (my underlining) Ruppert, Fox & Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition, p.505. Peter coxhead (talk) 14:56, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

Not sure what to do or when I can do it, but...
I find the article to be incoherent in places and with some curious claims. I am not an expert on the Onychophora and the article is long, so I am not willing to undertake to edit it in case other commitments hit the fan or my memory simply lets me and everyone else down. Besides, I have very little literature on onychophora at my disposal. Life is so sad. However, I shall try to remember to do what I can as soon and as well as I can. And as coherently. Meanwhile, I hope that this inspires any well-informed and sympathetic parties to see what they can do in the mean time. JonRichfield (talk) 19:12, 19 July 2014 (UTC)

Why does "Protracheata" redirect here?
Not mentioned in article. 86.179.191.90 (talk) 01:57, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

Where the word "bear" is used is meant "water bear"?
I think a word may have been omitted.Jrm2007 (talk) 01:54, 21 March 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 21:54, 26 June 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Paragraphs which may need splitting
The sections "[s]kin and muscle" (first paragraph), "[c]irculation", "[f]eeding" (both paragraphs), and "[r]eproduction and life cycle" (first paragraph) all have paragraphs that I think need splitting. Could someone please tell me where I should split them?--Thylacine24 (talk) 02:59, 25 December 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Onychophora


text:
Talk:John P. Mohr

Untitled
Mohr hosted poker games at the Blue Ridge Club in West Virginia that included many high level fbi and cia persons. This may also have been the place where Hoover's secret files were kept after his death. See for example page 734 of Gentry's book.

title: Talk:John P. Mohr


text:
Crescent Town

Crescent Town is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the former borough of East York. It is located near Victoria Park Avenue and Danforth Avenue. It mainly consists of high-rise apartment complexes, built originally to take advantage of the opening of the adjacent Victoria Park subway station, which connects to the central quadrangle via a partially covered walkway.

History
In the late 19th century, Walter Massey (1864–1901), a younger son of Hart Massey, Canada's first major industrialist, and uncle to actor Raymond Massey, purchased a 240 acre country property centered on Dawes Road and Victoria Park Avenue. He established a model farm and named it "Dentonia Park" after his wife, Susan, whose maiden name was Denton.

The Massey farm sold fresh eggs and poultry as well as fresh trout, which was caught in the many streams and rivulets that criss-crossed the farm. The Massey farm was also the home of the City Dairy Company Limited, which produced the first pasteurized milk in Canada.

In 1933, Susan Massey donated her mansion and 40 acres of the Dentonia farm land to Crescent School, where her grandsons were educated. Crescent School operated at the Dentonia site until 1969, when this property was sold to the developers who built the present-day Crescent Town neighbourhood.

Current status
Crescent Town is considered by some as an interesting experiment in community planning in that all of its pedestrian walkways are located above the street level. It is a multicultural neighbourhood, whose population includes extensive numbers of Bangladeshi, Indian, Jamaican, Pakistani and Tamil Canadians. There are many Bangladeshi-owned businesses near the neighbourhood (Victoria Park-Danforth).

Some of the buildings are condominiums (Massey Square), while others are rental apartments (Crescent Place). Toronto council classified Oakridge under Taylor-Massey as a neighborhood improvement area in 2014.

title: Crescent Town


text:
The Land (Epcot)

The Land is a pavilion located in the World Nature neighborhood of Epcot, a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida. The pavilion is dedicated to human interaction with the Earth, focusing on agriculture, conservation, and travel. It opened on October 1, 1982, as part of the Phase I features for the grand opening of what was then known as EPCOT Center. It explores how humans can both use the land for their benefit, and how they can also destroy it. Future Technology in better preserving the land is also explored in the pavilion, along with a focus on the celebration of the land itself.

The 24 hectare (2.5 million square foot) facility features four attractions; Soarin', Living with the Land, Harvest Theater (including Awesome Planet), and Behind the Seeds Tour.

History
While "The Land" pavilion has existed since 1982, it has gone through three significant phases. The pavilion's first incarnation involved a ten-year sponsorship under Kraft Foods Inc. from 1982–1990. Kraft General Foods, Inc. from 1990–1992. Kraft played a vital role in co-financing the everyday functions of the attractions, restaurants, and shops inside the pavilion. The pavilion's interior and exterior design featured earth tone colors and exotic plant life.

Kraft General Foods, Inc. withdrew its sponsorship on September 26, 1992,

In November 24, 1992, plans were made to update and modernize the overall tone of EPCOT Center, including a major refurbishment of "The Land" pavilion. with Nestlé taking Kraft's place officially on January 1, 1993. Co-financed by Nestlé and the Walt Disney World Resort, a gradual refurbishment of the pavilion began on September 27, 1993.

The pavilion itself was cosmetically freshened. While some of the original design elements remained, the addition of more vibrant colors and fabrics to the various restaurants and shops gave the pavilion a more modern and refreshed look. The names of certain shops, restaurants, and attractions also changed during this time. The pavilion's main attraction, Listen to the Land, which took guests on connected boats through various exhibits within the pavilion, reopened mostly unchanged as Living with the Land on December 10, 1993.

The Kitchen Kabaret Revue, another of the pavilion's original attractions featuring an Audio-Animatronics presentation about nutrition, closed on January 3, 1994. It was replaced with a new show titled Food Rocks, which featured some of the elements from the original show with an updated presentation intended to be more modern and appealing to younger audiences.

Symbiosis, the last of "The Land"'s three original attractions, was closed on January 1, 1995. This attraction, which was a cinematic presentation that discussed both the positive and negative aspects of human relationship with the land, eventually reopened as Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable, a new film featuring characters from The Lion King. Like the Food Rocks show, this new attraction recycled some of the elements of its predecessor, and was intended to be another refreshed and modernized feature of "The Land" that would better appeal to younger audiences.

In 2003, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of "The Land"; however, it was under agreement that Nestlé would oversee its own refurbishment to both the interior and exterior of the conservatory-style pavilion. Between 2004 and 2005, the pavilion underwent its second major refurbishment. It received a new color scheme featuring a vibrant selection of white, yellow, and green. New foliage was added to complement the existing greenery. The walkways and stroller parking to the pavilion's entrance were redefined and widened. All of the carpeting in the pavilion was replaced, and the main food court was completely redesigned. The pavilion's signage was updated, incorporating the new color scheme, new typography, and a modernized logotype. The pavilion's original dedication plaque remained unchanged.

The most significant change to "The Land" during its 2004–2005 refurbishment was the closure and entire demolition of Food Rocks, which initially occurred on January 3, 2004. Taking its place would be Soarin', a major attraction that was originally designed and built for Disney California Adventure Park. Simulating the experience of hang gliding over various landscapes, Soarin's massive movie screens and ride mechanics required the construction of a large physical addition to the pavilion itself. Both Soarin' at Epcot and Lights, Motors, Action!: Extreme Stunt Show at Disney's Hollywood Studios opened to guests on May 5, 2005, coinciding with the start of Disney's Happiest Celebration on Earth Campaign. "The Land" officially reopened that same day. While "The Land" as a pavilion has somewhat changed, its purpose has not, and it remains a positive and serious experience featuring elements from all three of its phases, allowing today's guests to experience all that "The Land" has to offer.

On February 13, 2009, Nestlé pulled out of sponsorship, leaving "The Land" without a sponsor.

"Living with the Land" was closed for a vehicle update from August 2, 2009, to October 2, 2009. This update increased passenger capacity from 36 to 40 guests per vehicle. Newer, more wheelchair-friendly vehicles were also a new addition.

On July 29, 2011, Chiquita signed on as the new sponsor for the ride Living with the Land. However, it is not mentioned in-ride by the narrator (Mike Brassell) nor does it have a VIP lounge in The Land building itself.

Horticulture research
In addition to being an entertainment venue, "The Land" is also a demonstration, production, and research facility. 43,000 ft² (0.4 hectares) of the pavilion are dedicated to experimental horticulture techniques in hydroponics, irrigation methods, and integrated pest management.

Current attractions

 * Soarin' Around the World—Take flight on a breezy, airborne adventure as you hang glide above the breathtaking wonders of the world.
 * Living with the Land—A narrated boat tour about ecology and agriculture that takes guests through an indoor dark ride portion and an outdoor greenhouse and hydroponics lab, revealing the crops and animals cultivated for use at Epcot.
 * Harvest Theater (1982-)
 * Awesome Planet—A 4D film about the Earth's biomes and the perils of climate change, with narration by Ty Burrell.
 * Behind the Seeds Tour—For an extra fee, an approximately 1 hour long tour of the research facility that explains what is being researched, and how the research is conducted.

Current dining

 * The Garden Grill - Family restaurant with a farm house atmosphere, which includes a rotating seated area, offering a view of the dark ride section of Living with the Land. The revolving floor had remained stationary for several months over the spring of 2014, and despite rumours of a permanent stoppage, the floor returned to operation from June 17, 2014.
 * Sunshine Seasons - A food court
 * Asian Shop - A variety of noodle bowls and stir-fries.
 * Sandwich Shop - A variety of made to order sandwiches.
 * Soup/Salad Shop - A variety of soups and salads.
 * Wood-Fired Grill Shop - Rotisserie chicken, beef and fish.
 * Bakery - Nestlé Toll House cookies, ice cream, among others.
 *  Breakfast - Breakfast here offers pastries, and combos that include eggs, one choice of bacon or sausage, and a drink.

Current shopping

 * Soarin' Tour Desk - A desk, located to the left of the entrance to Soarin', where Guests may sign up for the Behind the Seeds Greenhouse Tour, which takes place in the greenhouse section of the Living With The Land attraction. Guests may also purchase Mickey's Mini Gardens, tiny plants produced through tissue culture in nutrient gel and packaged in sterile tubes.
 * Green Thumb Emporium - A small merchandise area, located across from the Soarin' Tour Desk. A small assortment of Soarin' T-shirts and pins, along with disposable cameras and Mickey's Mini Gardens are available for purchase. Note that this shop has taken on the name of the former, much larger, shop at The Land which occupied the same approximate area.

Former attractions

 * Listen to the Land (October 1, 1982 - September 27, 1993) - A boat ride about agriculture. Replaced with Living with the Land.
 * Kitchen Kabaret (October 1, 1982 - January 3, 1994) - An audio-animatronics stage show about nutrition. Replaced with Food Rocks.
 * Food Rocks (March 26, 1994 - January 3, 2004) - An audio-animatronics stage show about nutrition, featuring parodies of classic songs. Replaced with Soarin'.
 * Harvest Theater  (1982–present)
 * Symbiosis (October 1, 1982 - January 1, 1995) - A film about symbiosis. Replaced with Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable.
 * Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable (January 21, 1995 - February 3, 2018) — A film about Simba describing symbiosis to Timon and Pumbaa. Replaced with Awesome Planet.

Former dining

 * The Good Turn Restaurant (October 1, 1982 - May 1, 1986) - The original name of the present Garden Grill Restaurant.
 * The Land Grille Room (May 2, 1986 - November 15, 1993) - The second name given to the present Garden Grill Restaurant.
 * Farmer's Market (October 1, 1982 - October 25, 1993) - The name of "The Land's" original food court.
 * The Sunshine Season Food Fair (1994–2004) - The second name given to "The Land's" food court.
 * Ice Cream - Nestlé Toll House cookies, ice cream, among others.
 * Potato Store - A variety of potato dishes.
 * Pasta - A variety of pasta dishes.
 * Soup/Salad - A variety of soups and salads.
 * Barbecue - BBQ chicken and beef.

Former shopping

 * Broccoli & Co. - Original shop alongside Kitchen Kabaret. Sold merchandise of said attraction, including magnets, plush and other souvenirs related to the pavilion.
 * The Green Thumb Emporium - Second gift shop; small but with a focus on food and gardening.

Facts and figures

 * Capacity: 3,600 persons
 * Size: 253,780 square feet (24,000 m²) Roughly the size of Fantasyland in the Magic Kingdom of Walt Disney World.
 * Sponsor(s): Kraft Foods Inc. (October 1, 1982 - September 26, 1993), and Nestlé (September 27, 1993 - Early 2009)

title: The Land (Epcot)


text:
TinyURL

TinyURL is a URL shortening web service, which provides short aliases for redirection of long URLs. Kevin Gilbertson, a web developer, launched the service in January 2002 as a way to post links in newsgroup postings which frequently had long, cumbersome addresses. TinyURL was the first notable URL shortening service and is one of the oldest still currently operating.

Service
The TinyURL homepage includes a form which is used to submit a long URL for shortening. For each URL entered, the server adds a new alias in its hashed database and returns a short URL. According to the website, the shortened URLs will never expire.

TinyURL offers an API which allows applications to automatically create short URLs.

Short URL aliases are seen as useful because they are easier to write down, remember or distribute. They also fit in text boxes with a limited number of characters allowed. Some examples of limited text boxes are IRC channel topics, email signatures, microblogs (such as Twitter, which notably limited all posts to 140 characters at first, and later 280 characters), certain printed newspapers (such as .net magazine or even Nature), and email clients that impose line breaks on messages at a certain length.

Starting in 2008, TinyURL allowed users to create custom, more meaningful aliases. This means that a user can create descriptive URLs rather than a randomly generated address. For example,  leads to the Wikipedia article about the website.

Preview short URLs
To preview the full URL from the short TinyURL, the user can visit TinyURL first and enable previews as a default browser cookie setting or copy and paste the short URL into the browser address bar, and prepend the short  with. Another preview feature is not well documented at the TinyURL site, but the alternative shortened URL with preview capability is also offered to shortcut creators as an option at the time of the creation of the link.

Similar services
The popularity of TinyURLs influenced the creation of at least 100 similar websites. Most are simply domain alternatives while some offer additional features.

Twitter
People posting on Twitter often made extensive use of shortened URLs to keep their tweets within the service-imposed 140-character limit. Twitter used TinyURL until 2009, before switching to Bit.ly. Currently, Twitter uses its own  domain for this purpose, automatically shortening links longer than 31 characters using its   domain.

TinyURL-whacking
The TinyURL method of allocating shorter web addresses has inspired an exploration activity known as TinyURL-whacking. Random letters and numbers can be appended after the first forward slash, in an attempt to find and reveal interesting sites without finding and copying a previously known referrer's link.

title: TinyURL


text:
Guy Mannering

Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer is the second of the Waverley novels by Walter Scott, published anonymously in 1815. According to an introduction that Scott wrote in 1829, he had originally intended to write a story of the supernatural, but changed his mind soon after starting. The book was a huge success, the first edition selling out on the first day of publication.

Composition
Scott began the composition of Guy Mannering in the last days of 1814, immediately after completing his last long narrative poem The Lord of the Isles. Writing with remarkable speed, he finished it by mid-February 1815. In a letter dated 19 January 1815, Scott writes: "I want to shake myself free of Waverley, and accordingly have made a considerable exertion to finish an odd little tale within such time as will mystify the public... W. Erskine, and Ballantyne, are of opinion that it is much more interesting than Waverley."

Editions
Guy Mannering appeared in three volumes in Edinburgh, published by Archibald Constable and Co. The print run was 2000, and the selling price one guinea (£1.05). The London publishers were Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, who had to wait some days before receiving their consignment of 1500 copies by sea, anticipated by copies sent down via the faster road route by Edinburgh publishers. As with all the Waverley novels before 1827, publication was anonymous. The first edition was followed by a further 5,000 copies in March and May, the second and third editions. There is no clear evidence for authorial involvement in these, or in any of the novel's subsequent appearances except for the 18mo Novels and Tales (1823) and the "Magnum" edition. Some of the small changes to the text in 1823 are attributable to Scott, but that edition was a textual dead end. At the beginning of 1828 he provided the novel with an introduction and notes, and revised the text, for the Magnum edition in which it appeared as Volumes 3 and 4 in August and September 1829.

The standard modern edition, by P. D. Garside, was published as Volume 2 of the Edinburgh Edition of the Waverley Novels in 1999: this is based on the first edition; the Magnum material appears in Volume 25a.

Plot background
Guy Mannering is set in the 1760s to 1780s, mostly in the Galloway area of southwest Scotland, but with episodes in Cumberland, Holland, and India. It tells the story of Henry "Harry" Bertram, the son of the Laird of Ellangowan, who is kidnapped at the age of five by smugglers after witnessing the murder of a customs officer. It follows the fortunes and adventures of Harry and his family in subsequent years, and the struggle over the inheritance of Ellangowan. The novel also depicts the lawlessness that existed at the time, when smugglers operated along the coast and thieves frequented the country roads.

Plot summary
Guy Mannering, after leaving Oxford, is travelling alone in southwestern Scotland, on the coast of the Solway Firth. After losing his way at nightfall, he is directed to Ellangowan, the home of Mr Godfrey Bertram. The friendly but incompetent Bertram welcomes him, although his wife is in labour with their first child. As they await news, Mannering meets Dominie Sampson, a learned but socially inept tutor, and Meg Merrilies, in a wild-looking, strident Gypsy woman, who has come to tell the child's fortune. The young student, however, offers to do this from the stars, and predicts that three periods of the boy's life will be very hazardous. Not wishing to concern the parents, he leaves his predictions to be opened when the child is five years old. Mannering also meets smuggler Dirk Hatteraick, who captains vessels active off the wild coast by Ellangowan. However, before his fifth birthday is over, little Harry Bertram disappears while in the care of an excise-man, Kennedy, who is murdered by smugglers. No trace can be found of the child, though Kennedy's body is found at the foot of a cliff. In her distress, his mother goes into labour once again, and after giving birth to a daughter, she dies.

Seventeen years elapse, and Mannering, now a Colonel, returns from India and visits Scotland once again. He arrives at Ellangowan in time to be present at the death of the now destitute Godfrey Bertram. The possessions and home of Bertram and his daughter Lucy are being sold. Mannering attempts to buy the estate, but is called back to England to attend to his own daughter who is reported to have a lover, so misses the sale. The Ellangowan estate is purchased at a reduced rate by the conniving Glossin, whose unscrupulous dealings have been one of the causes of the Bertrams' downfall. The estate is sold on the condition that if the male heir is found, the estate will return to the Bertrams.

Mannering's daughter Julia has in fact been entertaining the affections of Vanbeest Brown, a young cavalry officer from her father's regiment, though she does not admit this to her father. Brown is unsure of his parentage, having been raised in Holland, and told that though born in Scotland, he was rescued at a young age from smugglers. Colonel Mannering in fact believes that he killed Brown in a duel in India, a fact which weighs heavily on his conscience. (Out of concern that Mannering will disapprove of Brown's low status, Mannering's wife had led him to believe that Brown's affectionate visits were to her, not her daughter. Mannering's wife dies before the truth of the matter is explained.)

Mannering brings his daughter with him to Scotland, and rents a house called Woodbourne, not far from Ellangowan. He invites Lucy Bertram to be a companion for his daughter, and Dominie Sampson to be his librarian.

Brown follows Julia Mannering to Scotland, taking a roundabout route to explore some of the wilder parts of his birth country. He dines at an inn called Mump's Hall, where he meets a jolly farmer, Dandie Dinmont. Here he also meets Meg Merrilies, who seems to recognise him. The proprietress of Mump's Hall sends thugs to rob Dinmont on the road, and Brown arrives in time to help fend them off. In gratitude Dinmont invites Brown to stay at his farm with his large family (and their many terriers, all called Mustard or Pepper) for some days. While hunting with his new friend, Brown meets a gamekeeper called Gabriel, who also seems to recognise him.

Meanwhile, at Woodbourne, a group of excise-men seek protection from a gang of smugglers, who outnumber them. Under the superior tactics of Mannering, the smugglers are driven off, and several of their ringleaders killed or mortally wounded.

Proceeding on his wintry journey, Brown becomes lost; following a light, he comes to a ruined hut in a ruined hamlet of Dernclough, in which Meg Merillies is tending a dying man (one of the smugglers), singing incantations to free the soul from the body. She hides Brown, saying the dead man's accomplices will kill him. Brown watches from a cramped hiding place under some straw as the thugs empty his portmanteau and dispose of all his papers, weapons and money. In the morning, Meg shows him the road and gives him her well-ladened purse, exacting at the same time a promise that he will come to her immediately whenever she calls him to do so. He continues on his way.

Writing to a friend, Julia makes great fun of the Dominie's peculiarities, and mentions Lucy's discouragement of her suitor, young Hazlewood, because she has no fortune and he is wealthy. Julia then describes with horror the sudden appearance of Brown, who intercepts them on a path through the woods. Hazelwood, nervous from the smugglers' attack, threatens Brown, who tries to disarm him; in the struggle Hazelwood is shot in the shoulder. Brown is now a wanted man and on the run, although Hazelwood acknowledges that the shooting was accidental.

The attorney Glossin, now a justice of the peace, is indefatigable in endeavouring to trace Hazelwood's attacker, in the hope of ingratiating himself to the Hazelwood family. He hears with pleasure that the gaoler McGuffog has a man in custody. However, the man is not Brown but Dirk Hatteraick, a Dutch smuggler, known well to Glossin, who has in the past been his accomplice. Hatteraick warns Glossin that Harry Bertram has been seen in Scotland. Glossin engineers Hatteraick's escape from custody, and meets him in a hidden smuggler's cave, close to where Hatteraick caused the death of Kennedy. It is revealed that Glossin was involved with the smugglers who committed the murder, and gave them the child to dispose of. Hatteraick explains that the child was adopted and educated in Holland, and that he has recently been seen by an ex-smuggler, Gabriel, in the local hills. He also reveals that it was Harry Bertram/Brown who injured Hazelwood. Glossin is determined to kill the young heir.

An elderly aunt of Lucy Bertram's dies in Edinburgh, generating hope that her fortune may have been left to Lucy. Mannering, accompanied by the Dominie, travels to Edinburgh to place the matter in the advocate Mr Pleydell's hands. He strikes up a lively friendship with Pleydell, but they find that the old lady has left her estate to the heir of Ellangowan, when he is found. They learn from a serving-maid that Meg Merrilies planted the idea that Harry Bertram is alive in the old lady's head. Dandie Dinmont is also there, and his robust honesty earns Mannering's respect, despite the class divide.

Harry retreats to Cumberland, and writes to his regiment for replacement papers. He also manages to correspond with Julia, whose letter draws him back to Scotland. He is landed at Ellangowan, and he explores the ruined castle beside the modern estate, finding it strangely familiar. There he encounters Glossin, who promptly has him arrested for shooting Hazlewood, and lodges him in the dismal bridewell (small prison) adjoining the custom-house at Portanferry. Here he is visited, unexpectedly, by Dinmont, who has heard from Gabriel of his being in danger. Dinmont manages to convince McGuffog to allow him to stay the night in Harry's cell. (Harry at this stage still believes himself to be Vanbeest Brown.)

Meanwhile, the Colonel has returned from Edinburgh. Meg Merrilies intercepts the Dominie on a ramble, and sends an urgent note by him to Mannering. She also stops young Hazlewood, and tells him to cause the soldiers who have been withdrawn from Portanferry to be sent back there instantly. Glossin has "warned" Hazelwood's father of an attack on his estate, in order that Portanferry is left unguarded, so that Glossin's men can attack and kill Harry Bertram. During the night the custom-house is fired by a gang of ruffians; strangely, however, Bertram and Dinmont are assisted to escape, and led to a carriage. It later emerges that Gypsy relatives of Meg and Gabriel have infiltrated the party.

On the same evening Counsellor Pleydell arrives to visit his new friend Mannering, and Mannering admits that he has sent a carriage to Portanferry on the strength of a note from the old Gypsy woman. They wait impatiently for the arrival of the carriage, unsure whom it will carry. Just as they have given up, the carriage arrives. Mannering is shocked to see Brown, alive; Julia, too, is shocked by her lover's arrival; Lucy is terrified to see the ruffian who injured her lover, Hazelwood, on the road; Sampson thinks he has seen the ghost of Old Bertram. Once things have been explained, Pleydell announces finding that Bertram is heir of tailzie to the estate of Ellangowan. Harry Bertram, now acknowledged as the heir, is tearfully welcomed. Sampson hugs his "little Harry" with delight, and Mannering, his conscience cleared, welcomes the young man. Lucy embraces her long-lost brother, and Julia confesses her love to her father.

However, a legal right to Ellangowan has not been established, and Mannering and Pleydell must organise bail. Meanwhile, Bertram and the two young ladies are walking when Meg Merrilies meets them and demands that Harry come with her. He agrees, and Meg is pleased that Dinmont can accompany him as protector. The women then meet Hazelwood, and send him to follow on horseback. Meg leads the way to the Dernclough hut and arms them, then takes them to the smugglers' cave. Here the three men overcome Hatteraick, but Meg is mortally wounded in the struggle. Hatteraick is imprisoned, and crowds gather at Dernclough, where Meg is dying. They welcome the heir of Ellangowan with delight. Meg's dying revelations, along with testimony from Gabriel, furnish sufficient evidence to arrest Glossin also.

In prison, Glossin bribes McGuffog to obtain access to the smuggler's cell to concoct a defence. In fury, Hatteraick kills Glossin, then hangs himself.

Having recovered the property of his ancestors, Harry Bertram is able to discharge all his father's debts. With the help of Julia's dowry, he builds a new mansion, which includes a snug chamber called "Mr Sampson's apartment," and a separate bungalow for Colonel Mannering. Harry's late aunt's estate has also reverted to him, but he resigns it to his sister on her marriage to Hazelwood.

Characters
Principal characters in bold
 * Guy Mannering, afterwards a colonel in the Indian army
 * Sophia Mannering, his wife
 * Julia Mannering, their daughter
 * Archer, a cadet
 * Godfrey Bertram, of Ellangowan
 * Margaret Bertram, his sister
 * Harry Bertram, his son, alias Vanbeest Brown
 * Lucy Bertram, his daughter
 * Mr Charles Hazelwood, her lover
 * Sir Robert Hazelwood, Charles's father
 * Dominie Sampson, a failed minister, and afterwards Harry's tutor
 * Meg Merrilies, a gipsy
 * Gabriel Faa (Tod Gabriel), her nephew
 * Gilbert Glossin, an attorney
 * Scrow, his clerk
 * Dirk Hattaraick, a Dutch smuggler
 * Mr Frank Kennedy, a supervisor of Excise
 * Mr MacMorlan, Sheriff-Substitute of Dumfries
 * Mrs MacMorlan, his wife
 * Mr and Mrs Mervyn, friends of Colonel Mannering
 * Dandie Dinmont, a farmer
 * Mrs MacCandlish, hostess of the Golden Arms at Kippletringan
 * Deacon Bearcliff, a villager
 * Vanbeest Brown, a smuggler
 * Tib Mumps, mistress of a public-house
 * MacGuffog, a constable
 * Paulus Pleydell, an Edinburgh advocate

Chapter summary
Volume One

Ch. 1: Guy Mannering loses his way while visiting Dumfriesshire and is conducted to Ellangowan by a local boy.

Ch. 2: Guy meets the decayed laird of Ellangowan and his companion Dominie Sampson, a failed minister.

Ch. 3: The gipsy Meg Merrilees arrives for the birth of Ellangowan's heir, and Guy contemplates the stars prior to drawing up a scheme of nativity for the infant (Harry Bertram), though without himself believing in astrology.

Ch. 4: Guy is surprised that the new scheme is identical with one he had prepared for his wife before their marriage. He comes across Meg spinning and singing a spell, interrupted by the smuggler Dirk Hatteraick seeking her blessing for his boat.

Ch. 5: Ellangowan tells Guy of his unhappiness at being passed over as a justice of the peace; Guy gives him the sealed nativity scheme.

Ch. 6: Four years pass. With the help of his agent Glossin, Ellangowan becomes a Justice of the Peace and exercises his power severely.

Ch. 7: Relations between Ellangowan and the gipsies on his land deterioriate.

Ch. 8: The gipsies are evicted, provoking a dramatic rebuke by Meg.

Ch. 9: Francis Kennedy is killed after interrupting smugglers, and Harry Bertram whom he has taken with him disappears.

Ch. 10: An investigation by the Sheriff-Depute draws a blank.

Ch. 11: Seventeen years pass. At the local inn Guy hears differing versions of Harry's disappearance.

Ch. 12: Guy writes to his friend Arthur Mervyn telling how during his service in India he had shot the cadet Brown [later to be identified as Harry Bertram] in a duel arising from Brown's [apparent] attentions to his wife Sophia. Sophia's poor health was further damaged by this incident and she died leaving Guy a daughter Julia. Guy discusses with the Sheriff-Substitute Mac-Morlan the forthcoming sale of the Ellangowan estate, the likely purchaser being Glossin.

Ch. 13: Ellangowan dies at the sale.

Ch. 14: The sale is suspended for a fortnight, but Guy's written authority to Mac-Morlan to purchase is delayed in transmission and the estate goes to Glossin.

Ch. 15: Sampson accompanies Lucy Bertram to live with the Mac-Morlans, where Mac-Morlan requires him to stop teaching Charles Hazlewood who evidently has an interest in Lucy.

Ch. 16: Mervyn writes to Guy telling how Julia, staying with him in Westmorland, has been serenaded from a boat on the lake.

Ch. 17: In letters to her friend Matilda Marchmont, Julia indicates that her serenader was Brown, whose attentions in India had been directed to her rather than her late mother.

Ch. 18: In further letters Julia tells of repeated visits by Brown, and of her father's decision that she should move with him to a newly-rented house in Scotland.

Ch. 19: Guy completes arrangements for the household at Woodbourne which will include Sampson and Lucy as Julia's companion.

Ch. 20: The household settles in at Woodbourne.

Ch. 21: In a letter to his regimental friend Delasserre, Brown explains his cautious tactics in his pursuit of Julia.

Volume Two

Ch. 1 (22): Brown encounters the farmer Dinmont and Meg at a Cumberland inn, where Dinmont tells of the developments at Ellangowan.

Ch. 2 (23): Brown reminds Meg of Harry in his appearance. On the road he helps Dinmont to repel two highwaymen and they arrive at his farm Charlieshope.

Ch. 3 (24): Brown's reception at Charlieshope.

Ch. 4 (25): At a fox-hunt one of the participants behaves in an oddly shifty way.

Ch. 5 (26): A week's rural sports ensue: Brown enquires about the strange hunter, but ascertains only that he is called Gabriel.

Ch. 6 (27): Resuming his journey Brown loses his way in a snowstorm and finds Meg singing over a dying man [Vanbeest Brown]. She conceals him as five ruffians arrive.

Ch. 7 (28): After hiding overnight Brown loses his money and papers, but receives even more money and treasure (possibly stolen) from Meg and promises to be immediately available when she calls for him.

Ch. 8 (29): In a letter to Matilda, Julia reports on her teasing treatment of Lucy and Hazelwood.

Ch. 9 (30): Julia writes of an attack on Woodbourne by smugglers, repelled by Guy and Hazlewood.

Ch. 10 (31): Julia writes that Brown has appeared suddenly and has accidentally wounded Charles Hazelwood in an ensuing struggle.

Ch. 11 (32): Hoping to improve his standing in the community, the attorney Gilbert Glossin pursues Brown with inquiries.

Ch. 12 (33): The jailor MacGuffog brings Glossin the smuggler Dirk Hattaraick whom he has apprehended. Glossin arranges for him to escape, mindful that he had collaborated with him in abducting Harry, whose return Hattaraick announces.

Ch. 13 (34): In a cave Hattaraick tells Glossin that Gabriel (Meg's nephew) had recognised Harry at the hunting. They discuss the possibility of Hatteraick removing Harry from the country again.

Ch. 14 (35): Glossin tells Guy that Lucy is likely to benefit by the will of her aunt Margaret Bertram.

Ch. 15 (36): Guy goes to Edinburgh to attend the reading of the will and finds the lawyer Paulus Pleydell indulging in High Jinks. Pleydell dismisses a trivial territorial dispute of Dinmont's.

Ch. 16 (37): Pleydell takes Guy to Greyfriars Church. Next day Guy attends Miss Bertram's funeral.

Ch. 17 (38): The lawyer Protocol produces Miss Bertram's final will leaving the estate in trust to him for the eventual benefit of Harry on his return to Scotland.

Ch. 18 (39): Pleydell provides Guy with introductions to eminent Edinburghers, of whom he sends brief accounts to Mervyn. Guy's investigations determine that Miss Bertram heard of Harry's survival from Meg.

Volume Three

Ch. 1 (40): After a short stay in Cumberland, Harry is landed at Ellangowan.

Ch. 2 (41): At Ellangowan, Harry encounters Glossin, who has him arrested.

Ch. 3 (42): Glossin arranges for Harry to be examined by Sir Robert Hazelwood.

Ch. 4 (43): Harry is examined.

Ch. 5 (44): Harry is confined in the Portanferry jail.

Ch. 6 (45): Dinmont arrives, hears Harry's story, and stays in the jail to protect him.

Ch. 7 (46): Sampson meets Meg at Derncleugh: she gives him a message for Guy.

Ch. 8 (47): Guy gives orders to his valet on receiving Meg's letter. Meg tells Charles Hazelwood to get the guard sent back from Hazelwood House to Portanferry, but Mac-Morlan actually does this.

Ch. 9 (48): As the custom house and prison are attacked by smugglers two of them help Harry and Dinmont to escape.

Ch. 10 (49): Pleydell arrives at Woodbourne, where Guy tells him he has complied with Meg's instructions to send a carriage to bring people from Portanferry.

Ch. 11 (50): Harry and Sampson arrive at Woodbourne, where matters are clarified.

Ch. 12 (51): Sampson introduces Harry and Lucy to each other as brother and sister. Guy and Julia sort out Guy's confusion about Harry's attentions in India (see Ch. 17).

Ch. 13 (52): Although Pleydell sees difficulties in establishing Harry's identity in law, Sir Robert Hazlewood is persuaded to grant him bail. Observing Ellangowan from a distance, Harry is confronted by Meg.

Ch. 14 (53): Meg leads Harry and Dinmont to the cave.

Ch. 15 (54): Hattaraick is captured, and in the process Meg is shot.

Ch. 16 (55): Meg dies and Harry is acclaimed.

Ch. 17 (56): Pleydell examines Hattaraick and Glossin, resulting in their committal to prison.

Ch. 18 (57): Hattaraick kills Glossin and hangs himself.

Ch. 19 (58): Plans are made for the marriages of Charles and Lucy, and Harry and Julia. Guy will have a bungalow close to a large and splendid new house to be built at Ellangowan.

Places and importance of various characters
The title character, Guy Mannering, is a relatively minor character in the story, a friend of the family who uses his knowledge of astrology to predict Henry's future on the day of his birth.

The old gypsy woman Meg Merrilies, is evicted from the Bertram lands early in the novel. In spite of this she remains loyal to the Bertram family, and much of the plot is dependent on her actions. She was based on an 18th-century gypsy named Jean Gordon.

Dandie Dinmont is a rough but friendly farmer from the Liddesdale hills, who owns a number of terriers—the Dandie Dinmont Terrier is named after him. An upland sheep-raiser of Scott's acquaintance named Willie Elliot, of Millburnholm, was probably the model for this character.

Dominie Sampson, according to Nuttall, was "a poor, modest, humble scholar, who had won his way through the classics, but fallen to the leeward in the voyage of life". "Dominie" is the Lowland Scots term for a school master.

Tib Mumps was the disreputable landlady of the inn where an important meeting takes place between Meg Merrilies and Bertram. The inn was later revealed by Scott to be based upon Mumps Hall in Gilsland.

Reception
Although Guy Mannering sold briskly the critical reception was mixed. Most of the reviews were broadly favourable, but they generally had more or less substantial reservations. Positive features mentioned by several reviewers included the energetic and virtuoso writing, the vivid descriptions, the acute knowledge of human nature, and the near-sublime Meg Merrilies with the contrasting Dandie Dinmont. John Wilson Croker in The Quarterly Review was alone in thinking that Meg was given undue importance. There were objections to the inappropriate introduction of astrology, the weak plot, the insipid young ladies and the exaggerated Dominie Sampson (though he was generally appreciated), and the unintelligible Scots speeches.

Adaptations
Daniel Terry, an English playwright and friend of Scott, wrote an adaptation of the work for the stage for which Henry Bishop provided the music. The musical play was premiered at the Covent Garden Theatre in London on 12 March 1816, with Sarah Egerton in the role of Meg Merrilies. It may have been the first full opera production performed in New Zealand, when it was toured to Dunedin by the Carandini troupe in September 1862.

title: Guy Mannering


text:
Ellie Cornell

Ellie Cornell is an American retired actress and producer. She made her film debut in the 1988 film Married to the Mob before becoming known for her roles as Rachel Carruthers in Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers (1988) and Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers (1989), and as Detective Janet Wright in the TV series Femme Fatales.

Producer

 * Free Enterprise (1998) executive producer, as Ellie Gottwald
 * Where No Fan Has Gone Before: The Making of Free Enterprise (1999) executive producer, as Ellie Gottwald
 * The Specials (2000)

title: Ellie Cornell


text:
Marina Baker

Marina Augusta Pepper (née Baker; born 8 December 1967) is an English Liberal Democrat local politician, journalist, children's book author and former model and actress. She was Playboy ' s Playmate of the Month for March 1987.

Early life
Born in Windsor, Berkshire, and originally from Taplow, Buckinghamshire, she and her older brother Martin "moved around a lot" until they reached Norfolk. She had an unconventional, hippie, nomadic upbringing in the rural environs of Norfolk, as well as different parts of the Midlands and the Southeast. By her own account, her family "thought we were getting a new-built home, but it wasn't ready, and my mother, being as practical as ever, said: 'Well, we are homeless, so we are travellers until we are housed'. I remember trees, bushes and grass and a toilet in a shed. There was this enormous chrome caravan with those sort of lacy doily things in the window, and my birthday party in a tent, playing pass the parcel in the pouring rain. Rain is still my favourite weather". As a girl, her dreams were to become a dancer and prime minister, because she "liked the idea of being in charge".

Baker travelled widely as a teenager spending three years visiting France, Corsica, Italy, Greece and Switzerland, before ending up on Cape Clear, an island off the southern tip of Ireland, "because there was a ferry leaving to go there". She trained as a dancer at Bush Davies ballet school and left with six O-levels, but later abandoned A-levels in Drama, English and History at Norwich City Tech for London.

Her initial career ambition was politics, inspired by her mother's environmental activism as well as her relationship with PR boss Matthew Freud, son of the ex-Liberal MP Clement Freud, whom she met while working as a waitress in London. She said: "I got into it when I was 18. My boyfriend’s father was Clement Freud, and I used to help out. I loved it. Nicholas Parsons would be there stuffing envelopes, and I'd be out chatting to people.... It really suited me knocking on doors going "Hello! How are you? How are things for you? Is your MP helpful? What could be better round here? Oh, I see what you mean ... Terrible state of the roads".

To supplement her modest income, Baker began glamour modeling as a Page 3 girl at age 17 before she was discovered by noted erotic photographer Byron Newman. When asked about what influenced her decision, she answered, "I really didn't have any problems about my body. It wasn't ever an ambition. It was just one of those things—if you are a certain height with a certain look and a certain pneumatic silhouette—sooner or later in that sort of company it's a bit inevitable really". She claimed that her comfort with posing nude was due to the liberating influence of her mother, Margaret Ayrton, a Witch. She said "I suppose being brought up by hippies as parents, I had absolutely no problem being naked. The problems I had were actually wrestling with the whole sort of feminist thing. I tried to justify it to myself that there were loads of jobs that I thought were equally demeaning because they had such a low wage. When I waitressed, my take home pay was what I could earn in two hours modelling". She attributes her buxom figure to a combination of rigorous ballet-training and having Irish and Welsh ancestry.

Playboy Playmate
Baker was first approached to pose for Penthouse but turned them down and did her Playmate shoot in 1986 when she was 18. When the March 1987 issue of Playboy was released to newsstands she had only recently turned 19. In 1995 Baker wrote a lengthy article about her experiences as a Playmate for the London edition of Time Out magazine.

Acting, journalism and writing career
Baker has appeared in two films: the 1987 TV movie Casanova, starring Richard Chamberlain, and the 1990 short film Man from China. She also acted in the musical Forever Elvis (in the role of Priscilla Beaulieu Presley), and played Nina in a stage production of Chekov's The Seagull. By this time, she got involved in fighting chemical factories, ran a campsite with a cafe, worked on a goat farm, looked after a child and ran a community theatre.

Following the death of a boyfriend she retired from acting and modeling while still in her early twenties and for a brief time went back to waitressing in England. Back home, she decided to further her education and completed a BA (Hons) in journalism from the London College of Printing and an MA in dramatic writing from the University of Sussex. She ended up doing work experience at the News of the World, before joining the London Evening Standard. During the 1990s, Baker worked extensively as a journalist, most often for The Independent, The Telegraph and The Guardian newspapers, as well as Punch, and Junior Magazine in the United Kingdom.

She is known today as a practising Wiccan and author of several children's books on Witchcraft, including Spells for the Witch in You; Spells for Teenage Witches: Get Your Way with Magical Power; Marina Baker's Teenage Survival Guide; and Spells for Cats (the last was published under the name Daisy Pepper). In 2001, she worked as a magic consultant for a BBC documentary about the Harry Potter books.

Political career
Baker is active in local politics in the Lewes area of England, now working under her married name of Marina Pepper.

In 2006, she chaired the Lewes district council, where she represented the coastal communities of East Saltdean and Telscombe Cliffs, just five miles east of the cosmopolitan hub of Brighton in Sussex. She lost her seat on 3 May 2007 when she was defeated for re-election by the Conservatives.

She has also served as the mayoress of Telscombe and at the 2005 general election she stood for Parliament in the Brighton Kemptown constituency as a Liberal Democrat, but was unsuccessful. She has been quoted as saying, somewhat facetiously, "I'm not sure Page Three girls can become MPs".

Baker is active in a number of local environmentalist programs such as the Saltdean "walking bus", which accompanies a line of children to school, reducing the number of cars on the road and giving the children "a good bit of exercise" before school. She has also set up a community recycling scheme for a local preschool and ran eco-fairs to help promote understanding of sustainable living.

As a member of the Telscombe town council, she takes an active role in REGEN—part of the Local Strategic Partnership—where she organises projects to promote social economic and environmental well-being in the towns of Peacehaven, Telscombe and East Saltdean.

She organises regular REGEN events in the community, including "The Circle", a sustainability fair which has run in conjunction with Telscombe's Town fair, RANDOMfreeFEST—a youth festival in Peacehaven—and "Cool Yule", a seasonal market held at the beginning of the Christmas shopping season, promoting local food and gifts.

Marina also appeared in the 2011 documentary "Just Do It" on environmental activism.

In July 2013, she was arrested by police for obstruction when she joined a protest against fracking in Balcombe in West Sussex.

Appearances in Playboy

 * Playboy (USA) March 1987, vol. 34, iss. 3, pp. 94–107, by: Byron Newman, "Playmate Of The Month: Great Briton". Playmate pictorial and data sheet.
 * Playboy (USA) April 1987, vol. 34, iss. 4, pg. 129, by photographer Richard Fegley, "Here Comes Casanova".
 * Playboy (USA) January 1988, vol. 35, iss. 1, pg. 162, by: n/a, "Playboy's Playmate Review". Features photograph of Miss Baker nude whilst wearing an Edwardian-style costume corset.
 * Playboy (USA) August 1989, vol. 36, iss. 8, pp. 62–69, by: Photographer Byron Newman, "Off With Their Clothes!" Semi-nude pictorial featuring Miss Baker as Marie Antoinette.

title: Marina Baker


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Joe Mashburn

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP   — Gwalla | Talk 20:29, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Joe Mashburn
Marked for speedy but isn't a candidate. Substub. Nominator abstains from voting.  — Gwalla | Talk 00:18, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. He is a notable person and nationally known in the architecture school world. UH Collegian
 * Keep. Awful stub but he is the Dean of the University of Houston's Hines College of Architecture and has won awards for his design work. Seems notable to me. -
 * Keep. Notable in the state of Texas.  He's been the most pro-active architecture Dean in the state.  He founded the ID program, and got the school a perfect NAAB score.  Who say's he's not notable?  200 additional students each year know him by face and name.  Maybe if he made news for running over his spouse in a Clear Lake hotel parking lot he'd be "notable", but he didn't.  This is a limitless encyclopedia so keep him on here. - DS1953 00:37, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I fixed it a little. DS1953 00:48, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. He's not notable. Jacob1207 01:07, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not a sub-stub now. Also, if we are allowing articles on every single state representative, then this person is definitely notable. Keep. -- Barfooz  (talk)  02:10, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 07:12, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non notable. --Edcolins 19:30, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Deans of accreditted colleges/universities meet my personal notablity criteria. --Scimitar 20:01, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. NeoJustin 20:13, June 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, it's not easy to become a dean of an accredited college/university. Kappa 20:43, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, perennially considered in the top 3 architecture schools in the U.S.  according to the University of Houston article. So its Dean is clearly notable. Average Earthman 21:31, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Article should establish notability more clearly. A Dean of a leading school in its field is notable and our article should establish this. Capitalistroadster 23:58, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into the school article. When there are several entries, they can be split out to one article for all of the deans at the school.  I don't like the logic that the school is noteable so the dean must be.  Vegaswikian 05:42, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Bill Haselman

William Joseph Haselman (born May 25, 1966) is an American professional baseball coach and former player. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) for 13 seasons between 1990 and 2003. A first-round selection in the 1987 MLB draft, he played for the Texas Rangers, Seattle Mariners, Boston Red Sox and Detroit Tigers. He previously was the bullpen coach and first base coach for the Red Sox and the third base coach for the Los Angeles Angels. He has also served as a manager in Minor League Baseball.

Early life
Haselman was born in Long Branch, New Jersey, and graduated from Saratoga High School in Saratoga, California. At Saratoga, he played high school football in addition to baseball. He committed to play college football at the University of Nevada, Reno, but backed out in order to attend the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). There, he played for the UCLA Bruins baseball team as an understudy to Todd Zeile. He also played briefly for the UCLA Bruins football team—while some sources state he was a backup for starting quarterback Troy Aikman, Haselman has stated this is incorrect, as during his half-season with the team, the starting quarterback was David Norrie.

Texas Rangers
Haselman was drafted as the 23rd pick of the first round of the 1987 Major League Baseball draft by the Texas Rangers. He began his professional career that year for the Gastonia Rangers of the South Atlantic League. In 1988, he was promoted to the Port Charlotte Rangers of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, where he hit .245 in 122 games.

Haselman spent 1989 and 1990 with the Double-A Tulsa Drillers of the Texas League. He was a September call-up with the Rangers in 1990 and made his MLB debut at the age of 24 as a pinch hitter on September 3, 1990, against the Cleveland Indians. He recorded his first hit, also as a pinch hitter, off Joe Klink of the Oakland Athletics on September 27. In 14 games, he had two hits in 13 at bats.

Haselman returned to the minors and spent 1991 and the first part of 1992 with the Oklahoma City 89ers of the Triple-A American Association.

Seattle Mariners
On May 29, 1992, Haselman was selected off waivers by the Seattle Mariners, who assigned him to the Calgary Cannons of the Pacific Coast League, where he hit .255 in 88 games with 19 home runs and 53 runs batted in (RBI). He also appeared in eight games for the Mariners in September and had five hits in 19 at bats.

Haselman spent most of 1993 as the Mariners back-up catcher and hit his first home run on May 8 off of Jim Deshaies of the Minnesota Twins. On June 6, 1993, Haselman was hit by a pitch thrown by Baltimore Orioles pitcher Mike Mussina, leading to him charging the mound and igniting a bench-clearing brawl. In parts of three seasons with Seattle, he appeared in 104 games and hit .234 with 6 home runs and 24 RBI.

Boston Red Sox
Haselman signed as a free agent with the Boston Red Sox on November 7, 1994, and played with the Red Sox through the 1997 season as a backup catcher. Haselman's most dramatic offensive performance came in a game at Fenway Park against the Toronto Blue Jays on June 27, 1995. With the bases empty and the score tied, 5–5, he pinch hit for catcher Mike Macfarlane in the bottom of the 11th inning. Haselman shattered his bat, sending a Woody Williams' offering sailing over the Green Monster to give the Red Sox their first walk-off win of their 1995 American League East division-winning campaign. Haselman's only postseason appearance was during the 1995 American League Division Series, when he played in one game against Cleveland and was hitless in two at bats.

Haselman had his best season in 1996, when he hit .274 with 8 home runs and 34 RBI in a career-high 237 at bats for the Red Sox. He also led American League catchers with a 7.64 range factor. Haselman was the battery-mate for Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens on September 18, 1996, when Clemens struck out 20 batters in a game against the Detroit Tigers to tie his own major league single-game strikeout record in a nine-inning game. It was also a productive night for Haselman, who had three hits and two RBIs in the memorable Red Sox victory.

Texas Rangers (second stint)
The Red Sox traded Haselman (along with Mark Brandenburg and Aaron Sele) on November 6, 1997, to the Texas Rangers for Damon Buford and Jim Leyritz. In 40 games, he hit .314 with 6 home runs.

Detroit Tigers
Haselman signed as a free agent with the Detroit Tigers on December 14, 1998. With the 1999 Tigers, he hit .273 in 48 games. The Tigers traded Haselman back to the Rangers (along with Frank Catalanotto, Francisco Cordero, Gabe Kapler, Justin Thompson and a minor leaguer) on November 2, 1999, in exchange for Juan González, Danny Patterson and Gregg Zaun.

Texas Rangers (third stint)
Haselman remained with Texas from 2000 through 2002. He appeared in at least 47 MLB games during each of those seasons. Overall, in three stints spanning parts of five seasons with the Rangers, Haselman played in 225 games and hit .273.

Late career
Haselman rejoined the Tigers again on a free agent contract on January 20, 2003, but was released on March 27, before the season started.

Haselman was signed as a free agent by the Red Sox on April 11, 2003. In his second stint with Boston, he was hitless in three at bats in four games. He played in his final major league game on September 27, 2003. He also played in 79 games with the Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox.

Haselman signed as a minor-league free agent with the Baltimore Orioles on December 3, 2003, but retired at the age of 37 before playing in any games.

Career statistics
In a thirteen-year major-league career, Haselman played in 589 games, accumulating 416 hits in 1,606 at bats for a .259 career batting average, along with 47 home runs, 210 RBI and a .311 on-base percentage. He had a .991 career fielding percentage as a catcher. While predominantly a catcher (524 games), Haselman also made appearances as a designated hitter (39 games), outfielder (six games), first baseman (three games), and third baseman (one game).

Haselman played in 783 minor-league games over 10 seasons, batting .269 with 95 home runs and 400 RBIs.

Coaching and managing career
Haselman served as the Red Sox' interim first base coach in 2004, filling in for Lynn Jones from early May to late July, after Jones sustained a non-baseball eye injury. The team went on to win the World Series. Haselman served as the team's bullpen coach in 2005, and was first base coach for the 2006 season. Boston then offered him a manager position in the minor leagues, but Haselman declined, as he did not want to spend that much time away from his family.

In August 2009, Haselman was named a volunteer assistant coach, to work with catchers and act as first base coach, for the Washington Huskies baseball team, under head coach Lindsay Meggs.

In 2010, Haselman returned to professional baseball as manager of the Class A Bakersfield Blaze, a California League affiliate of the Texas Rangers. In 2011, the Red Sox hired Haselman to assist their minor-league catching instructor. The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim named Haselman as the manager of the club's Inland Empire 66ers minor league team on January 9, 2012. In 2013, Haselman guided Inland Empire to a California League title.

Haselman joined the Los Angeles Dodgers organization in 2014 as the manager for the Great Lakes Loons of the Midwest League. In 2015, the Dodgers assigned Haselman to be the manager of the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes of the California League. He led them to a 78–62 record and the team's first California League championship since 1994. In 2016, Haselman became the manager of the Oklahoma City Dodgers in the Triple-A Pacific Coast League (PCL). That season, the team compiled an 81–60 record and advanced to the championship series of the PCL. He remained with the team as their manager through the 2018 season.

Following cancellation of the 2020 minor-league season, Heselman returned to Oklahoma City as bench coach and third base coach for the 2021 season.

Haselman joined the Angels' major-league staff in January 2022 as the team's catching instructor, succeeding José Molina. In July, he temporarily served as the Angels' manager for two games, due to the suspension of interim manager Phil Nevin and acting interim manager Ray Montgomery. For the 2023 season, Haselman was named the Angels' third base coach, succeeding Mike Gallego.

Personal life
Haselman and his wife have two children. After he left the Red Sox following the 2006 season, Haselman took a position working for Merrill Lynch and also worked as a postgame radio host during Seattle Mariners games. Son Ty was a catcher for the UCLA Bruins during the 2018 season.

title: Bill Haselman


text:
Talk:Croft (Scotland)

The title of this page seems to imply that Croft is a place in Scotland. Should it not be moved to Croft (Scotland) or Croft (farming) which would imply that it's a concept (?) rather than a place? Maccoinnich 00:19, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)

I've been bold and merged this article into Croft (land).CarolGray 18:51, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Croft (Scotland)