text:
Kabankalan

Kabankalan, officially the City of Kabankalan (Dakbanwa sang Kabankalan; Dakbayan sa Kabankalan; Lungsod ng Kabankalan), is a 1st class component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 200,198 people making it the second most populous city in Negros Occidental next to Bacolod.

Kabankalan is also the second city with the highest gross and net income in Negros Occidental next to Bacolod. In terms of land area, Kabankalan City is the largest city in the province of Negros Occidental and is the second largest city in the entire Negros Island next to Bayawan of Negros Oriental with a total area of 697.35 square kilometers.

The city hosts three major festivals: the Kabankalan Sinulog every third Sunday of January (celebrated together with Cebu City), Udyakan sa Kabankalan and the Charter Anniversary. Kabankalan is also known for its Mag-aso Falls and the Balicaocao Resort. Also located in the city is the main campus of the Central Philippines State University (CPSU).

Kabankalan City won the major award as the "Best Performing City" in Region VI in the 2011 Regional Search for Excellence in Local Governance (EXCEL). The award was given during the Pagdayaw 2011 program held at the Iloilo Grand Hotel in December 2011.

History

According to historians, the first inhabitants of Kabankalan were people who came from neighboring towns. They derived the name Kabankalan from the word "bangkal" (Nauclea orientalis), a tree that is abundant in the place. The settlers established the Barangay form of government, with which every group has its own leader, called the Capitan.

In 1566 the Christianization of the Island of Negros began with the foundation of the mission of Binalbagan (1575), Tanjay (1580) and Ilog (1584) by the Augustinian missionaries. In 1622, at the request of Bishop Pedro de Arce of Cebu, the Recollects came to evangelize Negros. The spiritual administration of Binalbagan including that of Kabankalan was ceded to them. When the mission of Ilog was turned over to the Jesuits, it had four towns, Ilog being the chief town. The next was Kabankalan which already appears in a document dated 1630 as the center of encomienda of Admiral Cristobal de Lugo y Montalvo. The third was either Jima or Sima. The fourth was probably Su-ay. The Jesuits who served Kabankalan were Fr. Esteban Jayme. After the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Philippines in 1767, the Dominican missionaries came to continue the spiritual administration of Negros with Father Manuel Diez assigned in Kabankalan in 1769. During the Spanish regime, Spaniards taught the people the Spanish language and introduced to them the Roman Catholic religion.

In 1830, the three Capitanes- Polito Moreno, Vicente Rojas and Mariano Vingal-petitioned the government to transfer their barangay located at the Hilabangan River towards the area of Orong and established a town. They elected a migrant from Tigbauan, Iloilo-Leocadio Tayum y Gregorio- their new head, who served for one year. In 1856, 500 commissaries and policeman of Governor Emilio Saravia stationed in the poblacion attacked the stronghold “made of trunk” of the local chief Manyabog at Carol-an who endured the Spanish artillery for a long time. They disbanded only when a stray bullet killed Manyabog. Seeing their leader killed, they set themselves on fire with their houses. The tribal suicide resulted in the deaths 300 of Manyabog's men, while seven died on the opposite side. Prior to the actual revolt in 1898, clandestine activities had already been in the offing, the leaders of the revolution such as Aniceto Lacson joining the Katipunan and others arming themselves. By mid-1896, arms were unloaded in Binicuil, Kabankalan for the hacienderos of Kabankalan, Ilog, Himamaylan, Su-ay and Cauayan but they refrained to join the revolt knowing that they were not prepared and had no confidence in victory. It was not until November 7, 1898, that Kabankalan took up arms after Bacolod was taken over from the Spanish authorities. The Cantonal Republic of Negros was declared on November 5, 1898.

When the Americans came, they introduced a democratic form of government. During this time, a lot of improvements came to the town and new modern techniques of farming were introduced by the Americans to the local farmers that improved their products. On April 2, 1903, the Philippine Commission passed Act No. 716 reducing the 34 municipalities of the Province of Negros Occidental to 21 whereby the municipality of Cavancalan was merged to Ilog. On March 14, 1907, Philippine Commission passed Act. No. 1612 increasing the number of municipalities in Negros Occidental from 21 to 22 by separating from Ilog the former municipality of Cavancalan and reconstituting the same under the name Kabankalan. In mid-1907, a group of rebels called "Pulahanes" led by Papa Isio, raided the town and burned down all the houses. However, the people of Kabankalan quickly recovered and rebuilt the town from the destruction caused by the dissidents. Lorenzo Zayco was elected Municipal President in a special election and took his oath of office, along with other elected officials on January 2, 1908. Pre War-Kabankalan saw the emerging development of the sugar industry. Sugar mills were put up in Hacienda Bearin and Hacienda San Isidro.

During the Second World War, Kabankalan was made a garrison town by Japanese Imperial Forces. Sugar mills were destroyed, school buildings were demolished and houses razed to ground. During this time, a recognized guerrilla unit and the local troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army were formed to oppose the foreign aggression and many people fled to the mountains to avoid Japanese military abuse. When the Americans returned to the island to aid Filipino soldiers under the Commonwealth Army and Constabulary, and the recognized guerrillas, they helped the people be freed from Japanese occupation. Post war era concentrated on rehabilitation efforts that saw the establishment of two Sugar Mills-Dacongcogon and SONEDCO-placing Kabankalan at the crossroad of agro industrial development and setting the ground as a hub of business and trade in southern Negros. With the growth of the sugar industry, banks and other financial institutions and commercial establishments put up branches and offices in Kabankalan. The establishment of two sugar mills in the 1960s and early 1970s gave the town a boost into the list of the top improving towns of Negros.

Cityhood
The town of Kabankalan was declared by then President Fidel V. Ramos as a chartered city on August 2, 1997, under Republic Act No. 8297.

Geography
Kabankalan occupies the central portion of the Southern Negros Island and its geographically located at 10° north and 122° east. It is bounded on the north by the Himamaylan, on the northwest by Panay Gulf, on the southwest by the municipality of Ilog and on the southeast by the province of Negros Oriental. It is 88 km away from Bacolod City, 127 km from Dumaguete, and 99 km from the southernmost town of Hinoba-an. With an area of 697.95 square kilometers, it is the largest city in Negros Occidental and the second largest in the whole Negros Island, after Bayawan (which has an area of 699.08 square kilometers).

Climate
Under the Coronas climate classification system, Kabankalan falls under Type III. Dry season is from December to May, while the rainy season is from June to November. Average temperature is 26°C (80°F).

Barangays
Kabankalan City is politically subdivided into 32 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Bantayan
 * Binicuil
 * Camansi
 * Camingawan
 * Camugao
 * Carol-an
 * Daan Banua
 * Hilamonan
 * Inapoy
 * Linao
 * Locotan
 * Magballo
 * Oringao
 * Orong
 * Pinaguinpinan
 * Barangay 5 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 6 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 7 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 8 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 9 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 1 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 2 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 3 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 4 (Poblacion)
 * Salong
 * Tabugon
 * Tagoc
 * Tagukon
 * Talubangi
 * Tampalon
 * Tan-Awan
 * Tapi

Demographics
Major languages are Hiligaynon, followed by Cebuano (both of those languages are used interchangeably in to day-to-day activities) with English and Filipino being used as second languages.

The city is the only place where the Karol-an language is used. Due to its geographical area of usage, the Karol-an language is classified as a vulnerable language, making its conservation a top priority, as it is vital to the culture and arts of Kabankalan natives.

Kabankalan City, along with the cities of Sipalay, Escalante, Cadiz, Sagay and San Carlos and the municipalities of Hinoba-an, Don Salvador Benedicto, La Castellana, Moises Padilla, Toboso and Calatrava, are the only places in Negros Occidental who are bilingual speakers, as the people in those areas can speak and understand both Cebuano (Bisaya) and Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) at the same time, due to the influx of Cebuano-speaking settlers in those areas.

Transportation
Kabankalan is over an hour's drive south of Bacolod City by car. Public utility vehicles reach the place in about two hours. The city, which serves as the hub of economic activities in southern Negros, is also the take-off point for various destinations down south, and links the province to Dumaguete, the capital of Negros Oriental, via the Kabankalan-Mabinay Highway.

Currently under construction, the Kabankalan City Domestic Airport, once opened, will be the second active airport in the province (after the Bacolod-Silay International Airport).

title: Kabankalan


text:
La Carlota, Negros Occidental

La Carlota, officially the City of La Carlota, (Dakbanwa sang La Carlota; Dakbayan sa La Carlota; Lungsod ng La Carlota), is a 4th class component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 66,664 people. making it the least populous city in the province.

Until two years after its foundation in 1871, it was known as Simancas, a barrio under the jurisdiction of the neighboring town of San Enrique, which was led by a Spaniard who was married to a woman named Carlota. Legend has it that she was well-loved by the natives for her social works so that they named their settlement after her when it was created as a municipality near the end of the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines. In line with the Spanish practice of adding an article before a proper noun, “La Carlota” became its official name. On June 19, 1965, by virtue of Republic Act No. 4585, La Carlota was granted a city charter, becoming one of the two landlocked cities in Negros Island, the other being neighbouring Canlaon in Negros Oriental.

In 2011, the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) awarded the city with a "seal of good housekeeping" for its efforts in advancing accountability and transparency in local governance. In the same year, it was also named as one of the top-performing local government units in the Philippines, ranking eighth in the component cities category. On December 29, 2011, the city was nominated for excellence in local governance, an honor given by the provincial government under its Pagpasidungog Awards.

History

Throughout much of its early history, agriculture was the main source of livelihood for the native settlers of Simancas. The original inhabitants grew rice for their own consumption and latter ones cultivated tobacco for export during the Spanish colonial era. Early settlers were drawn to Candaguit River from where Simancas expanded. In 1856 historians began mentioning the village of Mampunay in their accounts of the settlement's history. The local parish priest of San Enrique at the time designated Simancas as a barrio.

Prior to the establishment of the permanent Spanish settlement in the Philippines in 1565, Simancas was led by Mangkas, a negrito warrior. He lived around the area of what is today known as Canman-ug Creek. People looked up to him for his bravery in warding off hostile forces and for keeping the peace. Legend says that because the people revered him, they named their children after him. With many inhabitants named Mangkas, the settlement eventually became known as Simancas.

The Spanish began establishing their administration over the Philippine archipelago since the late 16th century.

The division of Negros island into two distinct provinces (Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental) took place in 1890 at the start of this historic decade. La Carlota as well saw a flowering of culture during this decade, which ushered in what many consider as its golden literary age. Near the end of that decade was born in La Carlota one of its most famous children in the literary field: Adelina Gurrea. She later gained world prominence as a journalist, poet and novelist in Spain where she espoused women's causes in her writings.

From 1901 to 1906, La Carlota figured prominently in the anti-American resistance movement on Negros. It produced some of the best-known Babaylan leaders, chief among whom was Papa Isio. He led the struggle against the American occupation that replaced the Spanish regime as a result of the Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War and ceded control of the Philippines to the United States. Babaylans  or entrencirados  conducted guerrilla warfare against the American forces in the towns of La Carlota, Isabela, Kabankalan and La Castellana. From its humble beginnings as a small settlement, La Carlota has evolved into one of the major sugar-producing cities in the Philippines.

Geography
La Carlota City is geographically located at the north-central portion of Negros Occidental. It is bordered in the north by Bago, in the east by Kanlaon Volcano and Canlaon of Negros Oriental, in the southeast by the town of La Castellana, in the southwest by Pontevedra and in the west by San Enrique. It has a total land area of 13729 ha, most of it devoted to agriculture.

La Carlota City is 43 km from Bacolod.

Climate
The city enjoys two distinct seasons like the rest of the Philippines: The dry season from January through May and the wet season from June through December.

Barangays
La Carlota is politically subdivided into 14 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Currently, there are 3 barangays which considered urban (highlighed in bold). The farthest from the city is Barangay Yubo, which is 17.9 kilometers from the urban core. The city's barangays are as follows:
 * Ara-al
 * Ayungon
 * Balabag
 * Batuan
 * Cubay
 * Haguimit
 * La Granja
 * Nagasi
 * Barangay I (Poblacion)
 * Barangay II (Poblacion)
 * Barangay III (Poblacion)
 * Barangay RSB (Consuelo)
 * San Miguel
 * Yubo

Demographics
The first recorded census, conducted in 1903, pegged the population at 3,097. The 1995 Philippine Statistics Authority survey recorded a population of 56,414. Two years later, the population grew to 57,982, increasing to 62,094 in 2002. By then population density was 4.5 persons per hectare. Of the 14 barangays or villages, Barangay II has the biggest population with 9,221 and Barangay Yubo has the smallest with 1,962.

About 96% of the people use a local Negrense variant of Hiligaynon as their main language of communication, while the remaining 04% of the population use Cebuano. English, and sometimes Filipino, are generally understood and spoken by a large segment of the city's population, especially amongst the well-educated peoples.

Tourism

 * Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage Roman Catholic Church: Standing in the heart of La Carlota City on La Paz Street, Barangay I, Poblacion is this old church, built in 1876 during the Spanish era. It has the distinction as one of the very few churches of Romanesque architectural design in the region.

 * A distinct quality of this church was its use of Silay red bricks and coral stones bonded together by lime mixed in duck eggs as a binder. The materials were taken from Guimaras Island. The church was built by Filipinos forced to work under the polo system during the Spanish regime. The unpopular practice required Filipino males from age 16 to 60 to render free labor constructing churches, roads, bridges and other infrastructure for a total of forty days during the year.

 * Muscovado Sugar Mill Brick Chimney Ruins: This muscovado sugar mill brick chimney at Hacienda Canman-ug, Barangay Batuan was constructed before the establishment of Central Azucarera de La Carlota. It was powered by an A & W Smith Company steam engine manufactured in 1883 in Glasgow. This tourist destination offers a glimpse into the lives of Mangkasanons over a century ago and serves as a vehicle of knowledge on how the sugar industry in this part of the world has evolved.

 * Iron Dinosaurs of Central Azucarera de La Carlota: Visitors entering through the western part of the city are greeted by a black vintage steam locomotive, which the locals have dubbed as the “Iron Dinosaur” of La Carlota.

 * Infante Heritage House: On December 12, 2001, the house was designated by the National Historical Institute as a heritage house, and a historical marker was placed on the property.

 * Presidencia Building: The seat of the local government, constructed in 1934, is a landmark in the city center.

 * La Granja Agricolas: This agricultural model farm was established in 1881 through a Spanish royal decree issued on November 15, 1881, and was formally opened on July 8, 1884. The Philippines government maintains a stock farm in Barangay La Granja as well as a research center established by the Philippine Sugar Commission.

 * Agora Public Market: It was constructed in 1981 to replace the old public market of La Carlota that was destroyed by fire in 1978. It is named after the Greek term "Agora", which stands for a public open space used for assemblies and markets. It is located just a few meters away from the public plaza.

Festivals

 * Pasalamat Festival:
 * The Christmas Festival of Lights and Music:

Notable personalities

 * Adelina Gurrea - Spanish Philippine poet and journalist.
 * Gilbert Luis R. Centina III - Filipino-American novelist and prize-winning poet.
 * Pancho Villa - World flyweight champion from 1923 to 1925.
 * Small Montana - World flyweight crown holder from 1935 to 1938.
 * Little Dado (Eleuterio Zapanta) - Boxer from 1938 to 1944.

Sister Cities

 * Carson, California, United States

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: La Carlota, Negros Occidental


text:
La Castellana, Negros Occidental

La Castellana, officially the Municipality of La Castellana, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 79,492 people.

Etymology
The town is named after the Paseo de la Castellana in Madrid, Spain.

History
According to popular belief, the early settlers of the town came from Marayo (now Pontevedra), calling their place of settlement as the village of "Lapak".

During the Spanish conquest of the Philippines, the Spaniards named the place "La Castellana" due to its similarity in vegetation with Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid, Spain. Under Spanish colonization, the Spaniards established haciendas and sugar plantations. These improved heavily on the local economy and soon many nationalities and natives flocked to the place to find work and opportunities. La Castellana became one of the major center of trade and commerce in the region.

Under the American colonial government, the municipality was formally established on January 1, 1918. It became a municipality by virtue of Executive Order No. 101, as proclaimed by American Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison.

Geography
La Castellana lies at the base of Kanlaon Volcano, known for its natural springs and water falls. It is 65 km from Bacolod.

Barangays
La Castellana is politically subdivided into 13 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
 * Biaknabato
 * Cabacungan
 * Cabagnaan
 * Camandag
 * Lalagsan
 * Manghanoy
 * Mansalanao
 * Masulog
 * Nato
 * Puso
 * Robles (Poblacion)
 * Sag-Ang
 * Talaptap

Economy
La Castellana is an agricultural town engaged in sugarcane, rice, and banana farming.

Culture
La Castellana holds many festivals namely Bailes de Luces, Banana Festival and Senior San Vicente Ferrer Feast Day where devotees far and near attend to for healing. Caduhada Spring Resort is a popular tourist spot located in Sitio Mambangon, Barangay Cabacungan.

title: La Castellana, Negros Occidental


text:
Talk:Bitola inscription

Falsified Study
The following paragraph:

''On the 23rd International Congress of Byzantine Studies in 2016, archaeologists Elena Kostić and Georgios Velenis—who worked on the field with the plate itself—reported that on the very top part of the plate, there were holes and channels to fit Π-shaped metal joints. Therefore, the plate could not have the 13th row and that it was more likely that the plate was part of a much older object from the Roman period. Based on the form of the used letters, they gave the date 1202–1203, when Kaloyan was the Bulgarian ruler. Nevertheless both researchers have summarized that most researchers who studied the inscription believe that the inscription is the last written source of the First Bulgarian Empire with an accurate dating, some others argued it is from the 13th century and only a single study proclaimed it as a forgery. ''

seems to have been falsified in its entirety. I chased down both sources. The first one, The Issue of the Pre-Dated Inscriptions in Contrary with the Falsified, actually exists but concerns a completely different inscription—in a church in Edessa. It was claimed to date back to Samuel's reign, but was actually a later forgery, which has been proven several times already. Here the two researchers present another argument in favour of the forgery, by comparing the shape of the letters.

The second source is not a source. I downloaded the entire transcript of the proceedings, which was about half a gigabyte. Not even a menton about Elena Kostić and Georgios Velenis or the Bitola Inscription. They did not even participate in the congress (!!!).

I would like for someone to corroborate this (cause there is always the possibility that I am going senile or something), preferably not a Bulgarian. However, the only Macedonian I would trust not to lie to my face is Steve McKey. Or however it's spelled, I'm probably butchering the name. Until corroboration comes, the paragraph should stay here.

I have to say this sort of thing is getting increasingly more common—from the North Macedonian side. Over the past year, I have discovered, on multiple occasions, statements that directly refute or misrepresent the source they are quoting. However, this is a new low. I hope to have the time to look through the edits and see who has done this. I believe there is one person doing these things and although I am fuzzy on what Wikipedia's policy is, I think if they actually do this over and over again, they should be run out of Wikipedia. This is sociopathic behaviour. VMORO 16:53, 21 February 2024 (UTC)

 * First of all, please keep your national battleground mentality to yourself. I'd strongly recommend you redact everything you wrote above about what you think about Macedonian contributors. This attitude will get you blocked or topic-banned otherwise.
 * About the issue at hand, the passage in question was first introduced here by User:Forbidden History, in 2020. This was certainly introduced in very poor form, but contrary to what you saw, it seems that at the very least there is a relevant contribution by authors Kostić and Velenis in the 23 International Congress of Byzantine Studies. It was published in the "Thematic Sessions of Free Communications" part of the online proceedings, not in the "Plenary Papers" (which may be the reason you couldn't find it), but it is at the page given, p.128, in that volume, online here. The authors do claim that the plaque didn't have a lost upper line of text as reconstructed earlier by Zaimov. They also say that the date in the text that was interpreted as 1015/17 by earlier editors was in fact misread and that in reality it's clearly readable as 1203/04. So, while I'm not sure this is a fully reliable source in the absence of a more formal and full publication, and while its summary in the present form is far from satisfactory, the reference is certainly not a complete fabrication.
 * Now, having said this, it is of course high time that this article be fixed and rewritten, by defocussing the entire inane and petty nationalist point-scoring that seems to have been the only perspective Wikipedia editors from all "sides" have ever brought to this topic. The idiocy inherent in using this artifact as a mere pretext for nationalist polemics over that "Bulgarian" word is breathtaking. Fut.Perf. ☼ 17:33, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Hello. The paragraph above contained original research introduced by the Macedonian editor (who is now topic banned) mentioned above, which I removed. Apart from that, the paragraph is not really originally researched, but it could be rewritten if needed. We could also consult WP:RSN if needed, since I'm unsure about the reliability of the source too. I'm open to all suggestions on how to fix and rewrite this article. I tried to distance it from fringe views as much as I could. StephenMacky1 (talk) 18:09, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm going to take a stance here that's a bit offtopic. VMORO, although there are indeed Macedonian editors who are not correct in their edits, StephenMacky1 is an example of a completely objective editor. Jingiby (talk) 18:17, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The alternative dating section is about a fringe views and is too long for an undue weight issue. It must be much shorter. No need to remove credible sources from it. Jingiby (talk) 13:21, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
 * We could do away with the whole section. There is no reason to have such a section when reliable sources do not dispute the dating. Considering that it has been subject to POV pushing, I think that's the best option. StephenMacky1 (talk) 13:27, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Honestly, I do not see why views devoid of elementary logic and common sense should be so widely advocated in this article. Jingiby (talk) 13:36, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The section presents other reliable sources advocating for an alternative dating. Although Wikipedia does stick with the mainstream view, it also describes other relevant views. In this case there are reliable and/or authoratative sources and figures advocating for an altervative view, hence it should remain.
 * Again, calling those views "devoid of elementary logic" seems quite one-sided and unconstructive. The mainstream view is presented in the entire article and having a section on alternative dating won't lead the reader of the article to have a skewed perception on the inscriptions' dating.
 * I moved the bit about the kinship etc. in a more suitable category, as it describes the content of the text. Also having a paragraph based on one source nearly as long as one based on multiple reliable soures seems undue. Kluche (talk) 14:37, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Per WP:COMMONSENSE, Wikipedia has many policies or what many consider "rules". Instead of following every rule, it is acceptable to use Common sense as you go about editing. Why isn't "use common sense" an official policy? It doesn't need to be; as a fundamental principle, it is above any policy.  The common sense says, there is no logic this Bulgarian ruler from the inscription, called Ivan, who claimed to be the grandson of Comita Nikola and Ripsimia of Armenia, and son of Aron of Bulgaria, who was Samuel of Bulgaria's brother, to be Ivan Asen, Kaloyan, etc., rulers who lived centuries later. The only historical person whose origin fits this description is Ivan Vladislav. And this categorically defeats the other options. Therefore, I insist that these marginal views be reduced as much as possible.Jingiby (talk) 15:11, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I doubt the relevance (or reliability) of these sources and views, considering how they have received almost no attention from reliable sources. It appears that only Bulgarian sources have addressed these views. While there are cases where Wikipedia can present other relevant views, at the end of the day, it's still an encyclopedia where mostly mainstream knowledge is to be presented. StephenMacky1 (talk) 15:16, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
 * StephenMacky1, I do not understand your position. May you please, explain clearer your final proposal. Thanks. Jingiby (talk) 15:29, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
 * It's pretty simple. I think the whole section should be removed. StephenMacky1 (talk) 15:37, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, this is who I meant by "Steve McKey" (= [User:StephenMacky1]), and I agree with you. VMORO 04:47, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Honestly, bla-bla-bla. If I had a "nationalist background mentality", I wouldn't have wanted the sources to be corroborated by a non-Bulgarian editor now, would I? Both previous sources were fallacious, weren't they? You have a remarkable tendency to launch into personal attacks given that you are an administrator. But whatever, thank you for the source you've dug up. VMORO 05:16, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I fail to see why Lunt's views should be removed. Kostic and Velenis does not seem to have received much attention yet. And the final paragraph of the section is just why Bulgarian researchers disagree with this. -- Local hero talk 06:00, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

I do not think Lunt or Kostic/Velenis's views should be removed. However, they should not take over the entire text. I have drastically reduced the paragraph about Kostic/Velenis, as it still went on and on about the shape of the letters and so on—which refers to the falsified inscription in Edessa. All the other material referring to Edessa has also been removed. I am reposting again the actual source provided by ☼, page 128: https://www.byzinst-sasa.rs/srp/uploaded/PDF%20izdanja/Thematic%20Sessions%20of%20Free%20%20Communications.pdf. VMORO 06:10, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

 * When it comes to Lunt, I found a source that criticized his views on the inscription, but it's too bad that the guy criticizing him turned out to be a civil engineer. We need a secondary source and preferably about his views on the inscription. If you plan on reducing it further too, I won't mind. StephenMacky1 (talk) 13:32, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Well, he's just always been pro-Macedonian, including in matters that have put him agasinst the entire world. He spent 4 years or so at the U.S. embassy in Belgrade and wrote the first Macedonian grammar. I can speculate that there was CIA involvement of the type "the Macedonians are the good commies and the Bulgarians are the bad commies", but this has no factual grounds -- perhaps he just liked and sympathised with Macedonia. Anyway, I have done what (in my opinion) would be optimal, could you give an opinion? VMORO 14:38, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

FALSIFICATIONS
TWO editors are on contrary, and some ENGLISH TENSE nickname user is doing ERROR edits. — Preceding unsigned comment added by PianoRoll$ (talk • contribs) 12:30, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

Missing information
Can we find some more reliable information about which parts of the text (including the various historical references to years, events and names) are actually visible, which parts are considered securely reconstructed, and which are purely conjectural? According to the description we're citing to Stojkov (footnote 14), the following bits all seem to be in the "missing", unreadable parts:
 * 1) the two instances of calendar dates (line 1 and left part of line 12,
 * 2) the references to Comita Nikola and Ripsimia (line 8)
 * 3) the reference to the battles of Stipon (line 10) and Klyuch (line 13)
 * 4) the two references to emperor Basil (line 10, only the final three letters -lia readable, and line 12)
 * 5) the reference to Samuil as Aron's brother (end of line 8)

I suppose where researchers have discussed the reading of the calendar date they must have been referring to the second one (the first one being in the entirely conjectural first row), so was or is that part of line 12 actually readable after all, or partly readable – what did researchers report they were actually seeing? Which parts of this do the different reconstructions (Zaimov, Moshin and Ugrinova-Skalovska) actually agree on? Fut.Perf. ☼ 12:06, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

Reconstruction image
This image, File:Bitolski nadpis Markovski.jpg, is odd – it claims to be a "copy" of the inscription, with Zaimov's reconstructed text, "from the home of Venko Markovski", i.e. in the private possession of the image uploader. So, what is this, an amateur's home-made re-creation in stone? Is there any reason we would want to display this in the article? Fut.Perf. ☼ 13:27, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

 * It would appear so. I see the image uploader was also defending inclusion of this image of his personal copy in a previous discussion here. -- Local hero talk 15:06, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Curiously, I now remembered we had another very similar image earlier, at File:Bitola Inscription1.jpg, uploaded by a different editor but without any source – it seemed to show the same physical object, though mounted on a wall and with some apparent retouching coloring up the letters. Are there multiple identical "copies" out there? Fut.Perf. ☼ 15:20, 10 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I have seen 2 such identical exhibits. One at the National History Museum in Sofia and another in the museum exhibition at the site of the battle of Klyuch near Petrich.Jingiby (talk) 12:43, 11 July 2024 (UTC)
 * It'd probably be better to have photos of those rather than of one from the home of an editor of this page. -- Local hero talk 03:35, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

Template
I happened to stumble upon this article and while reading it I thought that it could really benefit if it used Sfn (or Harvnb when it's appropriate) template for sourcing. That could help save space, especially in note [20], making it easier to navigate; but it requires some work. Piccco (talk) 12:35, 11 July 2024 (UTC)

 * I would not mind if this gets implemented. It would just have to be consistent throughout the whole article. StephenMacky1 (talk) 14:21, 11 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bitola inscription


text:
Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland

Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (6 April 1914 – 11 October 1988), styled Lord Hugh Percy between 1918 and 1940, was a British landowner, soldier and peer. He was the son of Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland, and Lady Helen Gordon-Lennox. He succeeded to the dukedom of Northumberland in 1940 when his brother, the 9th Duke, was killed in action in World War II.

He served in the Northumberland Hussars and the Royal Regiment of Artillery during World War II, rising to the rank of captain. After the war, he served as a Conservative whip in the Churchill caretaker ministry. Later, he served as Lord Steward of Queen Elizabeth II's Household from 1973 until his death, Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland from 1956 until 1984 and as the first Chancellor of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne from its formation in 1963 until his death.

Early life and family
Hugh Algernon Percy was born on 6 April 1914. He was the second son of Alan, Earl Percy, later the 8th Duke of Northumberland, and his wife, Lady Helen Gordon-Lennox, herself the daughter of the 7th Duke of Richmond. From birth, as the younger son of an earl, he was entitled to the prefix The Honourable by courtesy. When his father acceded to the dukedom upon the death of his paternal grandfather, the 7th Duke, in 1918, he became known as Lord Hugh Percy. His siblings included: George, 9th Duke of Northumberland; Elizabeth, Duchess of Hamilton; Diana, Duchess of Sutherland; and Lord Richard Percy.

He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford.

Career
On 15 April 1936, he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Northumberland Hussars. He became 10th Duke of Northumberland on 21 May 1940 when his childless elder brother was killed in action in Flanders, Belgium, in the leadup to the Battle of Dunkirk. In 1940, as a lieutenant, he transferred to the Royal Regiment of Artillery. He served in Crete and on the North African campaign. In 1947, as a captain, he transferred back to the Northumberland Hussars.

Following the death of his brother, he took his seat in the House of Lords as a Conservative Lord Temporal, making his maiden speech on 29 November 1944 in reply to King George VI's Speech from the Throne. He also took on management of the family estates, namely Alnwick Castle in Northumberland, Albury Park in Surrey and Syon House in London. He also succeeded his brother as Master of the Percy Foxhounds.

On 1 June 1945, he was appointed Lord in Waiting to King George VI, remaining in the position until 23 October 1945. As Lord in Waiting, he was a junior government whip in the Churchill caretaker ministry.

In 1957, he gained the additional peerage of Baron Percy upon the death of his kinsman, James, 9th Duke of Atholl.

In 1963, when the University of Newcastle upon Tyne became independent from the University of Durham, Northumberland was appointed their first Chancellor and retained the post until his death. As chancellor, the Duke presented an honorary degree to the Martin Luther King Jr. in November 1967, five months before Dr King's assassination. He donated many books and works of art to the university's library.

He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland on 18 May 1956, a position previously held by his father and many of his ancestors which he held until 1984. On 2 January 1973, Northumberland succeeded the 10th Viscount Cobham as Lord Steward of the Household of Queen Elizabeth II, the most senior of the Great Offices of the Royal Households of the United Kingdom.

In 1970, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. On 9 March 1973, he was appointed a member of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. He chaired or was a member of a number of councils and committees such as the Agricultural Research Council, Medical Research Council and the Committee of Enquiry on Foot and Mouth Disease. He was president of the Royal Agricultural Society of England in 1956 and 1962.

He held the position of Honorary Colonel in various battalions of the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, Northumbrian Volunteers and the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.

In recognition of his service, on 24 April 1959, he was appointed the 922nd Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter and made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order in the 1981 Birthday Honours.

Marriage and issue
On 12 June 1946, he married Lady Elizabeth Diana Montagu Douglas Scott, daughter of the 8th Duke of Buccleuch, at Westminster Abbey. The Duke rode on horseback from Alnwick to Drumlanrig Castle to propose to Lady Elizabeth. The marriage united the Percy and Douglas families who had feuded for centuries, including at the Battle of Otterburn in 1388. Guests at the wedding included King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, Queen Mary, King George II of Greece, Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret.

They had seven children:
 * Lady Caroline Mary Percy (born 3 May 1947). She married Pierre, Comte de Cabarrus, on 12 January 1974 and had issue.
 * Lady Victoria Lucy Diana Percy (born 19 April 1949). She married, firstly, Aidan Cuthbert on 4 October 1975 and had issue including Lucy, wife of Prince Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud. They were divorced in 2000 and she married secondly, the same year, Charles Lyon Fellowes, whom she divorced in 2006.
 * Lady Julia Helen Percy (born 12 November 1950). She married Nicholas Craig Harvey on 11 June 1983 and had issue.
 * Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland (1 July 1953 – 31 October 1995). Godson of Queen Elizabeth II. He succeeded his father as 11th Duke of Northumberland in 1988.
 * Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland (born 16 November 1956). He married Jane Richard on 21 July 1979 and had issue, including Lady Catherine Percy, George, Earl Percy, and Lady Melissa Trafelet. Succeeded his brother as 12th Duke of Northumberland in 1995.
 * Lady Louise Percy (25 May 1962 – 27 May 1962). Died in infancy.
 * Lord James William Eustace Percy (born 18 June 1965). He married Lucy Caroline Rugge-Price in 2000 and had issue.

Death
The Duke died of a heart attack at his London home, Syon House, on 11 October 1988 at the age of 74. He was succeeded as duke by his eldest son, Henry, Earl Percy, who became the 11th Duke of Northumberland. He was succeeded as Lord Steward and Chancellor of Newcastle University by the 4th Viscount Ridley, who had succeeded him as Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland four years earlier. His ashes were interred on 18 November 1988 in the Northumberland Vault at Westminster Abbey.

Honours

 * Order of the Garter UK ribbon.svg 24 April 1959: 922nd Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG)
 * UK Royal Victorian Order ribbon.svg 13 June 1981: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO)
 * Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg 9 July 1957: Knight of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem (KStJ)
 * Ribbon - Efficiency Decoration (South Africa).png 17 November 1961: Recipient of the Territorial Decoration (TD)

Appointments

 * 1970: Fellow of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge (FRS)
 * 1973: Member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council (PC)
 * Honorary Associate of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons

Military ranks

 * 15 April 1936: Second Lieutenant, Northumberland Hussars
 * 1940: Lieutenant, Royal Regiment of Artillery
 * 20 June 1944: Captain, Royal Regiment of Artillery
 * 28 August 1947: Captain, Northumberland Hussars

Honorary military appointments

 * 25 September 1948 – 23 April 1968: Honorary Colonel of the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers
 * 1 April 1967 – 1 April 1969: Honorary Colonel of the 7th (Territorial) Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers
 * 1 April 1969 – 31 March 1971: Honorary Colonel of the 7th Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers
 * 1 April 1971 – 31 March 1975: Deputy Honorary Colonel of the Northumbrian Volunteers
 * 1 April 1975 – 11 October 1988: Honorary Colonel of the 6th (Volunteer) Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers

title: Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland


text:
User talk:Bruce Elgort

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Flcelloguy 15:44, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Bruce Elgort


text:
Manapla

Manapla, officially the Municipality of Manapla, is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 55,083 people.

The town is notable for its signature delicacy puto.

Manapla is 44 km from Bacolod.

Barangays
Manapla is politically subdivided into 12 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
 * Chambéry
 * Barangay I (Poblacion)
 * Barangay I-A (Poblacion)
 * Barangay I-B (Poblacion)
 * Barangay II (Poblacion)
 * Barangay II-A (Poblacion)
 * Punta Mesa
 * Punta Salong
 * Purisima
 * San Pablo
 * Santa Teresa
 * Tortosa

Demographics
Majority of the people in Manapla are adherents of the Roman Catholic Church and the Philippine Independent Church.

title: Manapla


text:
Moises Padilla

Moises Padilla, officially the Municipality of Moises Padilla (Banwa sang Moises Padilla; Bayan ng Moises Padilla), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 43,462 people.

Formerly known as Magallon, it is famous for its vast livestock yard, the major source of income of the town. Traders all over the island of Negros come to buy, sell, and trade a variety of farm and dairy animals. The town's official emblem shows the "Carabao" or the Water buffalo.

History
Three miles north from the town is a small sitio called Magallon Cadre. Here lie the ruins of field hospital of the U.S. Army and USAFFE before the World War II. Magallon had witnessed the brutality and terror of World War II. However no event was ever recorded in public documents. It is believed and verified by older citizens that the opening attack of Japanese invaders were sending the two well-armed Mitsubishi Zero fighters. The Japanese commander had chosen cleverly to initiate the attack during the market day of the Magallon which is every Tuesdays; where the large population gathered and met to buy food, clothing, farm tools, and everything of value. According to witnesses, the two Japanese Zero fighters began their low level flight from Crossing Magallon all the way to the heart of Magallon that have a distance of about 7 kilometers. They strafed anything that moved in the road: people, children, and animals of all kinds. They finally dropped their two lethal cargoes of bombs right in the center of the market. After recovering from initial shock, the Japanese infantry began pouring in from every direction of the barangay.

In 1951, the barrios of Magallon, Odiong and Guinpanaan, then belonging to the town of Isabela, were separated to form the town of Magallon. The boundary between the two towns were as surveyed by the Bureau of lands in accordance with Resolution No. 1. of the joint session of the Provincial Board of Negros Occidental and the Municipal Council of Isabela dated November 15, 1949, and subsequently concurred to by Resolution No. 79 of the Municipal Council of Isabela dated December 26, 1949.

In 1957, the town was renamed to Moises Padilla, a public figure who was tortured and killed for political reasons by assassins of former Governor Rafael Lacson in Negros Island. Padilla was declared a martyr by the late Ramon Magsaysay, then a Secretary of National Defense during the early 1950s. It was believed that Moises Padilla was an ardent supporter of Magsaysay in every political arena after the war.

Geography
Moises Padilla is situated in central part of Negros Island. The location of the town provides a good view of the Kanlaon Volcano in its near perfect cone shape. Along the east side part of the town is the longest river in Negros Island, the Binalbagan River.

The town a natural spring in the heart of the town. Large concrete storage tanks were constructed to store the clean and fresh water. No mechanical device is needed to extract the water.

Barangays
Moises Padilla is politically subdivided into 15 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. • Barangay 1 (Poblacion)

• Barangay 2 (Poblacion)

• Barangay 3 (Poblacion)

• Barangay 4 (Poblacion)

• Barangay 5 (Poblacion)

• Barangay 6 (Poblacion)

• Barangay 7 (Poblacion)

• Crossing Magallon

• Guinpana-an

• Inolingan (Hda. Salapid)

• Macagahay

• Magallon Cadre.

• Montilla

• Odiong

• Quintin Remo

Demographics
Hiligaynon is the main language of Moises Padilla followed by Cebuano. Tagalog and English are also used.

Majority of the people in the municipality are Christians.

Economy
Sugarcane, rice, corn, root crops, lumber, and livestock are the main produce of the town.

Transportation
Regular trips of bus and other utility vehicles to and from Bacolod, Canlaon in Negros Oriental, and Cebu City.

title: Moises Padilla


text:
Murcia, Negros Occidental

Murcia, officially the Municipality of Murcia, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 88,868 people. It is 17 km east of Bacolod.

History
Murcia was founded by an Augustinian Recollect priest named Fr. Miguel Alvarez in 1860.

During World War II, the municipal hall of the town was used as a garrison by the invading Japanese. Due to resistance from Filipino guerillas, the Japanese withdrew from the municipality on April 21, 1945.

Barangays
Murcia is politically subdivided into 23 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Abo-abo
 * Alegria
 * Amayco
 * Zone I (Poblacion)
 * Zone II (Poblacion)
 * Zone III (Poblacion)
 * Zone IV (Poblacion)
 * Zone V (Poblacion)
 * Blumentritt
 * Buenavista
 * Caliban
 * Canlandog
 * Cansilayan
 * Damsite
 * Iglau-an
 * Lopez Jaena
 * Minoyan
 * Pandanon (Silos)
 * San Miguel
 * Santa Cruz
 * Santa Rosa
 * Salvacion
 * Talotog

Tourism
The Mambukal Resort in Barangay Minoyan, Murcia, Negros Occidental has bats as tourist attraction. There resort has 3 species of bats – the Philippine Flying Fox (Philippine Giant Fruit Bat), the Philippine bare-backed fruit bat, and the Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox, which is already endangered. They produce a nitrogen-rich organic fertilizer called guano. Bats are included in the list of animals protected by Republic Act 9147 (Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act). The provincial government-owned Mambukal Resort inaugurated its "Butterfly Garden," on December 2007. Live predators of butterflies like tarantula, wild geckos, scorpions, millipedes and centipedes were displayed.

Aside from the Mambukal Mountain Resort, Murcia is also famous for its Pandanon River Resort situated in the Murcia-Don Salvador Benedicto municipality border. A golf and country club is situated in Barangay Blumentritt. The newly built Kahulihoha Herbal Garden and Serenity Park can be found in Barangay Alegria.

Notable personalities

 * Donnie Nietes - Professional Boxing World Champion

Twin cities

 * 🇪🇸 Murcia, Spain
 * 🇵🇭 Baguio, Philippines

title: Murcia, Negros Occidental


text:
User talk:Sktrdie

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Flcelloguy 15:45, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Image Tagging Image:P1010083.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:P1010083.JPG. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Could you add a tag to let us know its copyright status? (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know on the image description page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Otherwise, see Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. Thanks so much. --michael180 14:16, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * The page which uses it is now your user page. -- RHaworth 18:05:05, 2005-09-05 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sktrdie


text:
Bramber

Bramber is a former manor, village and civil parish in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It has a ruined mediaeval castle which was the caput of a large feudal barony. Bramber is located on the northern edge of the South Downs and on the west side of the River Adur. Nearby are the communities of Steyning to the west and Upper Beeding to the east, and the other side of the river. The closest historical connection, however, is with the village of Botolphs to the south.

The ecclesiastical parishes of Bramber and Botolphs were united possibly as early as 1526, but certainly by 1534 with the priest living at Botolphs. Later the priest's official residence became the imposing Bramber mansion and landmark now called "Burletts" and located on Clays Hill. The union of the civil parish councils followed 400 years later in 1933.

Castle
Bramber was the caput of a large feudal barony held from the 11th to 14th centuries by the Braose family which was noted for its impact on the medieval history of the southern Welsh Marches. On a small hill stand the remains of Bramber Castle, a Norman castle built by the family.

Bramber Parish Church of St Nicholas was originally built as the castle chapel and is the only part of the castle site not in ruins. The church attracts large numbers of tourists, and is the oldest post-Conquest Norman church in Sussex. Bramber Castle originally protected the Rape of Bramber, the historic sub-division of the county of Sussex.

Feudal barons
The feudal barons of Bramber were as follows:
 * William de Braose, 1st lord of Bramber (d. 1093/1096)
 * Philip de Braose, 2nd lord of Bramber (d. ca 1135)
 * William de Braose, 3rd lord of Bramber (d. aft. 1179)
 * William de Braose, 4th lord of Bramber (1140/1150 – 1211) infamous for the Christmas Day Massacre of Welsh Princes at Abergavenny Castle in 1175
 * Giles de Braose, bishop of Hereford, (d. 1215)
 * Reginald de Braose (d. 1228)
 * John de Braose (d. 1232)
 * William de Braose, 1st Baron Braose (d. 1291)
 * William de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose (d. 1326)
 * John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray (d. 1361)
 * John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray (c. 1328–1368)
 * Thomas de Mowbray who became 1st Duke of Norfolk

After this time the honour of Bramber was held by the Dukes of Norfolk.

St Mary's House
Another historic building in Bramber is St Mary's House, a late 15th-century timber-framed house on a site associated with the Knights Templar. The present building was constructed in about 1470 by William of Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester and founder of Magdalen College, Oxford. The house has beautiful gardens with topiary figures, and a quite large secret garden at the back. The house is open to the public in season, and there is a tearoom in the grounds. The house has a music room which has two 14th-century ornately carved stone chantry tombs serving as fireplaces, and is regularly used for concerts and recitals.

Originally it was a monastic hostel for pilgrims and monks who collected the tolls at Bramber bridge, a 170 ft bridge over the River Adur, incorporating a Chapel dedicated to St Mary the Virgin on its central span, though now reduced to a flat bridge of just a few feet over a tributary of the river, following silting, and a change of course. This should not be confused with the nearby Beeding Bridge, a hump-back bridge which now spans the main course of the river. King Charles II is claimed to have stayed at St Mary's House during his escape to France after defeat at the Battle of Worcester.

The Monarch's Way long-distance footpath, following Charles' supposed route to Shoreham-by-Sea, crosses the Adur at Bramber. The house has been used in a number of television productions including an episode of Doctor Who where the TARDIS landed inside. Its owners since 1984 are Peter Thorogood and Roger Linton.

Maudlin District
Just outside Bramber, in the direction of Botolphs village, formerly stood a medieval hospital and nunnery, caring for sufferers of leprosy, and dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene. Although long since closed, this part of Bramber is still known as the "Maudlin District", spelt following a phonetic pronunciation of the saint's name. Maudlyn House stands on the site of the hospital, and nearby roads include Maudlin Lane, Maudlyn Park, Maudlyn Parkway, and Maudlyn Close.

Political representation
Historically, Bramber returned two members (MPs) to the unreformed House of Commons. Amongst the most famous politicians to serve as Member for Bramber was William Wilberforce, the anti-slavery campaigner, and independent Tory politician.

Former taxidermy museum
Taxidermist Walter Potter was a native of Bramber, and is buried in its churchyard. His museum of taxidermist's tableaux was once much visited. The museum building still stands, part having been incorporated into an Indian restaurant, and part having become garages for houses.

title: Bramber


text:
Pontevedra, Negros Occidental

Pontevedra, officially the Municipality of Pontevedra, is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 54,502 people.

The town celebrates the annual Handurayo Festival every May.

Former actress Rio Diaz served as vice mayor of the town from 1998 to 2004.

Geography
Also called Marayo, Pontevedra's center or poblacion area is marked by the St. Michael the Archangel Parish, with the Saint Michael Academy beside it. To the east is the Public Market, ending up with Barangay Antipolo which is a notable place of some of prominent family "Hacienderos" as well as political clans of the town. The western side offers scenic views of Panay Gulf as well as the islands of Guimaras and Panay.

At the northern end of the town is Barangay San Juan which is named in honor of Saint John the Baptist and offers turnips that are common in the area. Its southern part is Barangay Miranda, forming the boundary of Pontevedra and Hinigaran, where most people make their means of living through fishing.

Pontevedra is 40 km from Bacolod.

Barangays
Pontevedra is politically subdivided into 20 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Antipolo
 * Barangay I (Poblacion)
 * Barangay II (Poblacion)
 * Barangay III (Poblacion)
 * Buenavista Gibong
 * Buenavista Rizal
 * Burgos
 * Cambarus
 * Canroma
 * General Malvar
 * Gomez
 * M. H. Del Pilar
 * Mabini
 * Miranda
 * Pandan
 * Recreo
 * San Isidro
 * San Juan
 * Zamora

title: Pontevedra, Negros Occidental


text:
Pulupandan

Pulupandan, officially the Municipality of Pulupandan (Banwa sang Pulupandan; Bayan ng Pulupandan), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 30,117 people.

With an area of 23 square kilometers, it is the smallest town in terms of area in Negros Occidental.

The town was once a barrio of Valladolid before it became a separate municipality in 1917. It was in the beaches of Pulupandan in the early dawn of March 29, 1945 that the historical event of the landing of American liberation forces without any opposition, who together with the Filipino guerillas, drive the Japanese forces away from the island of Negros during the Battle of the Visayas.

The town is also known for their annual "Salapan Festival".

Etymology
The town's name is derived from the vernacular phrase Pulo sang Pandan, meaning the "Isle of Pandan".

Saint Philomena is the patron saint of Pulupandan. August 11 is the feast day. The main street is named after St. Philomena, the Wonderworker.

Geography
Pulupandan is 29 km from Bacolod.

Barangays
Pulupandan is politically subdivided into 20 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Barangay Zone 1-A (Pob. / Paco beach)
 * Barangay Zone 4-A (Poblacion)
 * Barangay Zone 1 (Pob. / Green beach)
 * Barangay Zone 2 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay Zone 3 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay Zone 4 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay Zone 5 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay Zone 6 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay Zone 7 (Poblacion)
 * Canjusa- Punong Barangay Cecilia J. Yuro
 * Crossing Pulupandan
 * Culo
 * Mabini
 * Pag-ayon
 * Palaka Norte
 * Palaka Sur
 * Patic (Sitio Kalubhian)
 * Tapong
 * Ubay
 * Utod

Demographics
The people in the municipality speak the Hiligaynon language. Filipino and English are generally understood.

Majority of the town are adherents of the Philippine Independent Church, followed secondly by the Roman Catholic Church.

Politics
The current mayor of Pulupandan is Miguel C. Peña, son of its former mayor Magdaleno "Magsie" Peña who, until recently, was mayor of Moises Padilla town.

Known for being a bailiwick of the Liberal Party, the town is notable for being the only municipality in Negros Occidental where Rodrigo Duterte won during the 2016 presidential election.

President Bongbong Marcos won by a landslide with a delivery vote of 89% (12,544 votes) in the 2022 Presidential election.

Transportation
Pulupandan currently has a sea port with RORO vessels traveling straight to the island province of Guimaras.

Notable personalities

 * Lea Salonga, singer-actress

title: Pulupandan


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/St Matthew's Church, Kensington, Adelaide

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep due to no consensus (9 delete, 4 keep from established users, 1 merge, 1 keep from an anon), this is a little short of two thirds with the main discussion being whether or not all churches are encyclopedically notable. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:05, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

St Matthew's Church, Kensington, Adelaide
I have listed this article for deletion because (a) it is incorrectly named, (b) it is more of an advertisement than an article and (c) it is not notable.  Cyber  junkie  15:51, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Disagree on notability, but points a and b are granted. Furthermore "St. Bart's" is probably "St. Bartholomew's". --Scimitar 15:56, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge with Churches in Adelaide or somewhere. How is (a) a reason for deletion? Kappa 16:12, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Do you mean article titles are not reasons for deletions? I think it is a reason. It shouldn't be "..., Kensington, Adelaide" just as an article shouldn't be "..., London, England, United Kingdom, Earth, etc". If it is to be kept, it should be either "..., Kensington" or "..., Adelaide".--[[Image:Flag_of_Australia.svg|20px]]  Cyber  junkie  16:18, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * So if London was entitled London, England, United Kingdom, Earth you would nominate it for deletion? Kappa 17:11, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Not unless it also qualified under points (b) and (c). Otherwise a move would suffice.--[[Image:Flag_of_Australia.svg|20px]]  Cyber  junkie  00:12, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge and redirect to Adelaide —Wahoofive (talk) 22:58, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ad for a church --nixie 23:09, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable, wikipedia is not a directory. JamesBurns 23:45, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, some info could be merged into Kensington, South Australia if we got round to creating that. --ScottDavis 00:24, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, merge useful info to appropriate suburb article, if existing.--Takver 01:40, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Advertising removed. Now a perfectly valid stub. It should be moved to a better name (preferably Churches of St. Matthews and St. Bartholemew's, Adelaide), but moving while a vfd notice is in place is a no-no. Grutness...  wha?  03:00, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, if we can keep every school that ever existed, we should keep every church that ever existed. RickK 05:30, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, agree with RickK, and definite room for expansion. Alphax τεχ 13:30, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC) (forgot to sign earlier)
 * Delete, nn. Radiant_ >|< 09:49, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as Kappa. SchmuckyTheCat 04:13, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn.  Grue   17:56, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Why is wikipedia not a directory? If it's an encyclopedia, it should have information about places. It shouldn't matter how obscure or small the place is. There is no harm in having an article on it. There is an article on the Adelaide suburb Golden Grove for example. How is that different? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.26.206.130 (talk • contribs) 04:54, 19 Jun 2005 Kappa 09:38, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 07:50, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Sagay, Negros Occidental

Sagay, officially the City of Sagay (Dakbanwa sang Sagay; Dakbayan sa Sagay; Lungsod ng Sagay), is a 2nd class component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 148,894 people.

Sagay can be identified in the map of Negros Occidental because of its "ice-cream cone" shape sliced from the northern tip of Negros. It is bounded in the north by Asuncion Pass and the Visayan Sea; the city of Talisay, the municipality of Calatrava in the south; cities of Cadiz and Silay in the west and the city of Escalante and municipality of Toboso in the east.

Etymology
The name of the city comes from the semi-spherical shell called "sigay", which can be found in the area.

Spanish era
Sagay was originally called Argüelles when Lt. Francisco Rodríguez and Basilio Córdova founded it in 1860 in the mouth of the Bulanon River. Later, by the order of the Spanish governor the town was transferred to Pueblo de Magallanes (now known as Old Sagay) in honor of Ferdinand Magellan.

Having the status of a pueblo, Sagay was entitled to have a capitán del pueblo, the highest town official during the time. The first to be appointed to this position by the Spanish Governor was Eulalio Rodríguez. Gregorio Parreño, then Pedro Katalbás y Villanueva, later succeeded him.

During the Philippine Revolution, Sagay contributed to what proved to be a successful national struggle for independence. The First Philippine Republic was however short-lived when the country passed to the hands of another colonial power, the United States of America in 1898.

The American period
In 1906, during the administration of the second President Benjamin Adolfo, the name of the town was officially changed to Sagay. The name was taken from the semi-spherical shell called "sigay", which can be found in the area. The American influence seeped into every aspect of Sagay's life, politically and culturally. At this period of Sagay's history, land transportation began to supplant sea travel, but the seaside community continued to flourish. The first public schools conducted in English were established. Cornelio Pascual Sr. was the first English Teacher assigned in Vito. American missionaries were sent to tutor more Filipino English teachers.

Meanwhile, sometime in 1907, the Insular Lumber Company, reputed to be the biggest hardwood lumber mill in the world, was established in what is now Barangay Fabrica. Though measures to prevent the destruction of Sagay's rich forest were made, reforestation programs failed. Later, the old forest areas were converted mostly into sugarcane fields and some into cornfields. With the exhaustion of the forest resources of Sagay, the ILCO – Philippines was phased out in 1975 and later transferred to Hinoba-an.

A major industrial development gave Sagay another big step forward: the establishment of the Lopez Sugar Corporation in the 1920s. Also during these years, sugar, copra, lumber and fishing became the important source of income for the inhabitants. The economic growth of Sagay brought about influx of migrants from Iloilo, Guimaras, Cebu and Bohol. This trend made Sagay a melting pot of ethnically different but equally-hardworking Cebuanos and Ilonggos. With these developments, business and industry flourished. Leading both sectors were big businessmen and industrialists like the Lopezes, the Cuaycongs, the Jisons, the Gamboas, and the Vasquezes. The sugar boom brought the "old families" into the industry like the Pueys, the Nichols, the Katalbases, and the Tupases, which branched out to the Marañons, the de la Pazes, the Ibrados and the Libo-ons.

World War II
During the Japanese occupation, two Civil Governments existed in Sagay. Under the Japanese national government of Jose P. Laurel, Vicente Katalbas was appointed mayor, while the resistance government of the province, headed by Alfredo Montelibano Sr. as governor, appointed Tomas Londres as Mayor whose seat of government was in the mountain areas of Sitio Balibag, Lopez Jaena. Their term however, abruptly ended when the combined Filipino and American forces liberated the province from the Japanese at the early part of 1945. When Sergio Osmeña, took over as president, Teodoro Lopez Sr. was appointed Mayor of Sagay. During his short term, Lopez concentrated in rebuilding the administrative machinery of the local government.

Several hundreds thousand Filipino soldiers and officers of the 7th, 72nd and 75th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and the 7th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary liberated and re-occupied the town of Sagay by attacking and driving off Japanese troops in 1945.

The factories were destroyed and the economy was in shambles. The Eusebio Lopez Memorial School Building in Barangay Paraiso served as the incarceration area for captured Filipino soldiers and American pilots and soldiers. It also served as the headquarters of Fourth Flight Division of the Japanese Imperial Air Force whose airfield was located in Pula-Bunglas area in Barangay Malubon. During the last days of the war, the Fourth Flight Division of the Japanese Imperial Airforce organized kamikaze or suicide units to be stationed here and in Bacolod. Known later as the Third Regiment Suicide Corps, it was headed by Major Tsuneharu Sirai with Capt. Tetsuzu Kimura as his Chief Staff Officer. Of its 59 pilots and crews, 30 were killed in the Battle of Leyte Gulf which they played a major role as kamikaze pilots. The Pula – Bunglas area of Barangay Malubon served as the Japanese landing field for the Fourth Flight Division. It was also a site where the local soldiers, guerrillas and civilians, after Japanese spies identified them as guerrilla members or collaborators, were forced to dig holes and consequently executed and buried. Old residents believe that almost 1,542 people were buried here.

Barrio 3 Wharf, Fabrica served as the transport point of processed lumber destined to Japan from Insular Lumber Company and also a docking area of Japanese supply ship during the war-torn years. The Iglanggam Bridge at Barangay Tadlong served as the dumping site of executed local soldiers, guerrillas and civilians. This is also known as the site where confiscated money, especially silver Peso coins encased in concrete blocks, were dumped by the retreating Japanese soldiers.

Balibag Hill, Lopez Jaena was the place where the seat of the resistance government of Free Sagay under Mayor Londres was established. It was also known as tabo-an or market place during the war and in 1944, a group of Japanese soldiers killed about 27 homeguards or "toltog" guerrillas. After the mass killing, the Japanese soldiers set the whole area on fire, burning the shanties and the dead. The Japanese "puppet" government under Katalbas was established at the Big House, Central Lopez, Paraiso. A Japanese barracks and checkpoint was established. A Japanese anti-aircraft still can be found inside the ground of the house.

At Barangay Poblacion II, Japanese zero fighters left bullet holes when they intended to destroy the water supply of the people during the last days of the war. Holes from 60mm machine-guns left an indelible mark on the water tank.

A training site of USAFFE (United States Army Forces in the Far East), under the supervision of Lt. Dominador Gaerlan, was established at Tangnonon, Barangay Fabrica at the ancestral home of Lopez Kabayao.

On July 26, 1942, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered a national mobilization in the Philippines and on August 23, 1942, the first group of reservist in Negros were called on duty by virtue of Philippine Army HQ order of August 4 and they were trained here. The first group reported in the said mobilization camp constituted the 71st Infantry Regiment.

Post war period
The first election held right after the Second World War made Jose B. Puey Sr. and Amalio Cueva Sr. Mayor and Vice Mayor respectively. However, shortly after, Mayor Puey was appointed member of the Provincial Board of Negros Occidental thus Vice Mayor Cueva took over the Municipal leadership and through his initiative, the seat of government was transferred to its present site, Dalusan. Incidentally, the transfer signaled the diminishing importance of sea travel and the takeover of overland transportation as the conveyor of progress and development. Old Sagay (the previous seat of government) is an old coastal center of population while Dalusan is a late highway occurrence. The transfer was made possible partly through land donations for the town site by Doña Rosario Cooper and the heirs of Clayton Nichols. Schools, markets and commercial establishments were soon established. Puey remained Provincial Board Member until his election as congressman for the first District Negros Occidental in 1953.

In the late 1950s, two Sagaynon politicians were in the forefront of Negros politics, Jose B. Puey Sr. (Congressman from 1953 to 1957) and Alfredo E. Marañon Sr. (board member from 1956 to 1959). This meant that provincial and national aid were extended to Sagay. More roads and school buildings were constructed, thousands of hectares of logged off area of the Insular Lumber Company were planted with coconut trees and sugarcane. Sherman Hill, near Barangay Bato was discovered to contain rich deposits of the highest silica. The growing markets for sea products brought about unprecedented boom in the fishing industry for which the coastal waters of Sagay proved to equal the demand. The municipal population rose to more than 60,000 and the revenue increased. After Mayor Amalio Cueva, came Tereso Canoy, Bruno Cueva Sr. and Quintin Katalbas.

In 1963, Jose H. Puey Jr. was elected mayor of Sagay. The income continued to rise. More schools were built and more roads, linking the barangays to the town capital, were constructed. The inefficient electrical system was updated, fire fighting equipment and the police units were modernized. It was during this time that Alfredo Marañon Sr. began entertaining the idea of putting up another sugar mill in Sagay which farmers can partly own. He campaigned for support, but there was too much opposition even from some of his close friends. Nevertheless, his idea became a reality when in 1967, shortly after his death, Sagay Central Inc. was born. Marañon's dream was made real through the help of President Ferdinand Marcos and the then Philippine National Bank President Roberto S. Benedicto who both shared his vision for Sagay. With the new sugar mill at Barangay Bato, new areas were opened and planted with sugarcane. Today the new sugar mill factory is benefiting hundreds of small farmers.

The then Mayor, Congressman and Governor of Negros Occidental Alfredo G. Marañon Jr. assumed the political leadership of Sagay in 1972. Under his administration, Sagay acquired a new town hall, a municipal gymnasium, a livestock auction market, public markets for a number of barangays and municipal wharves in barangays Vito and Old Sagay. He caused the organization of Sagay Water District in 1978. He effected the purchase of a municipal subdivision for the municipal employees in 1979. These achievements by themselves have helped make Sagay a first-class C municipality (the highest in the entire Negros). The then Mayor Alfredo G. Marañon Jr.'s successful negotiation of the sponsorship contract with the German District Osterholz is his most important achievement.

Cityhood
The leadership of Mayor Joseph G. Marañon and Vice Mayor Fortunato S. Javelosa inspired the authorship of Congressman Alfredo G. Marañon of House Bill No. 6543, "An Act Converting the Municipality of Sagay into a component city of Negros Occidental" during the 10th Congress. Passing through the legislation process, a public hearing was held in Sagay on February 22, 1996. On May 3, 1996, Sen. Raul Roco sponsored the Senate Bill No. 1191, the Senate version of the cityhood. On June 11, 1996, then President Fidel V. Ramos signed into law RA8192, now the charter of Sagay City. On June 10, 1996, the residents voted and ratified RA8192 and made Sagay, officially Sagay City.

Geography
Sagay City is 82 km from Bacolod.

Barangays
Sagay is politically subdivided into 25 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Andres Bonifacio
 * Bato
 * Baviera
 * Bulanon
 * Campo Himoga-an
 * Campo Santiago
 * Colonia Divina
 * Rafaela Barrera
 * Fabrica
 * General Luna
 * Himoga-an Baybay
 * Lopez Jaena
 * Malubon
 * Maquiling
 * Molocaboc
 * Old Sagay
 * Paraiso
 * Plaridel
 * Poblacion I (Barangay 1)
 * Poblacion II (Barangay 2)
 * Puey
 * Rizal
 * Taba-ao
 * Tadlong
 * Vito

Andres Bonifacio
Andres Bonifacio became a barrio in the late 60s; once called Sitio Maasin. It was the largest sitio of Barrio Vito and contributed a huge income because of its lime quarries and vast land area. The separation of Andres Bonifacio from Vito was materialized through land donation of the barrio and school sites by the family of Carlos and Elea Canoy-Esperancilla. It was Canoy-Esperancilla who suggested to name the new barrio Andres Bonifacio in honor of the Filipino hero. It is also noted for its natural and man-made caves.

Bato
Sometime in 1929, Bato, then a forested land with few inhabitants was a place of gathering of people living in the hinterlands. There used to be a place called “tabu”, where people from the hinterlands meet for recreation like cockfighting (“tari”) or horse fighting in a clearing area near the Himoga-an River where a big rock (“bato”) was a landmark. The place was also used by the people during “tabu”, a day set by them for marketing or bartering their products. For the few residents of the place, this clearing also served as a place of recreation. For people who visited the place for recreation or for economic reasons, they named the place Bato because of the big rock.

Baviera
Baviera was once covered with thick forest where wild pigs and other wild animals abound in this area. It is located in the southwestern part at the foot of Sherman Hill. Before the Second World War, tall big trees were cut down by workers of the Insular Lumber Co. for it was under the concession with the Philippine Government. After leaving the area, sometime in 1932, a businessman by the name of Fausto Baviera cleared the area by making kaingins and planted the place with root crops, rice, cassava and others. Being a businessman he likewise gathered products like rattan, hagnaya and balao and sold these products in Paraiso, a progressive barangay of Sagay.

Bulanon
During the pre-Spanish time, the village was inhabited by various non-Christian tribes who were independent of and hostile towards each other. The known history of Barangay Bulanon started sometime in the year 1880 when the Spanish conquistadores first founded a settlement of non-Christian Filipinos near the twin big rivers. The village was originally named Arguelles after father Arguelles, the founder of the said settlement. The place later became the first pueblo.

Campo Himoga-an
Campo Himoga-an got its name from the word “campo” which means “Camp” of the Insular Lumber Co. (ILCO) personnel, where housing, a canteen, bodega and locomotive water tank were constructed while Himoga-an was taken from the name of the river traversing the place was located. Literally, Campo Himoga-an is a camp of laborer residents. In 1935, after the camp was completed, a civic- minded citizen named Simeon Templado, convinced all parents in the camp to have a school for their children, and a school building was constructed by way of self-help cooperation. Later, they organized the Parent-Teacher Association in which Templado became president. With his leadership, the PTA passed a resolution requesting the local government of Sagay to release a donation of four hectares of land for the school site and public plaza. The resolution was indorsed by the local government of Sagay to the Bureau of Land which later approved the proposal and survey was then conducted. Upon completion of the survey, another PTA resolution was passed requesting for the declaration of Campo Himoga-an as one of the barrios of Sagay. After several months, the Municipality of Sagay approved the proposal and declared Campo Himoga-an as a new barrio of Sagay.

Colonia Divina
In 1957, Retired Reverend Dr. Roberto G. Mahilum, who was called Master and Father and Founder of a Trinitarian Religious Organization, legally known as the ALAPH DIVINE TEMPLE, duly established and organized in accordance with the laws of the Republic of the Philippines, teaching the doctrine of the Holy Trinity, ventured himself together with a group of his adherents and settled in the vicinity of Barangay Campo Santiago which they called Colonia Divina. On May 2, 1963, through Municipal Resolution #59 of the Municipal Council of Sagay, petitioned the Provincial Board of Negros Occidental to declare Colonia Divina as a Chartered Barrio. Then, on July 19, 1963, Colonia Divina became a Chartered Barrio as per Resolution #614 of the Provincial Board of Negros Occidental.

Fabrica
The name FABRICA refers to lumber factory or sawmill. It was told, that when a group of visiting Americans/ Europeans asked about the place the local residents just answered “Pabrica” referring to the mill itself (not knowing exactly what was being asked). However, with their American accent instead of Pabrica they pronounced it “FABRICA” since then the place bears that name.

General Luna
The recorded history of Barangay General Luna started in 1929, when the Insular Lumber Company began its logging operation in the area. The inhabitants followed to clear the area and began cultivating the land with rice and corn. The families with big clearings are the Duncaras and the Piccios. They donated portion of their cleared land to the government for the barrio and the school site, Later they named the new barangay after General Luna, one of the prominent Filipino heroes.

Lopez Jaena
Barangay Lopez Jaena is located in the eastern part of Sagay. The history of the barangay dates back in 1902, which started as a very small settlement. Missionaries from foreign lands came and found out that this place was scarcely populated. The place was covered with big trees or forest. Among the first residents was Pedro Paculba and was considered as the most respected person in this place. He named this place “Lopez Jaena” in honor of Graciano Lopez Jaena, an Ilonggo hero who was recognized for his great contribution to the history of the country. The Missionaries brought about changes especially in the educational and religious aspect in the life of the people. At that time the head of the people was called “ Cabeza del Barrio “. Education had given them opportunities in finding means to improve their ways of living. School was established and the first teachers were mostly missionaries. All of the leaders have contributed their part in transforming this place into a big settlement. There was intermingling of dialects. Many have established permanent dwellings in this place. This barangay was also awarded the cleanest barrio in Sagay, under the leadership of Felix Rodillado, who at that time was the Barrio Lieutenant or Teniente del Barrio.

Malubon
The term “Malubon” is an ethnic Negrito term which connotes a white plain area suited to rice farming. As part and parcel of the lumber concession of the defunct Insular Lumber Company (ILCO), Malubon was a heavily forested area. After the rapid cutting of the forest trees, ILCO moved to the upland areas which are still forested leaving Malubon as agricultural area which has become very attractive for settlers and homesteaders. Sometime in the years 1939–40, Malubon was officially organized as a distinct barrio separated from Fabrica. A school was opened to accommodate the educational needs of its children.

Maquiling
Many years ago, there was a small settlement located in the rolling hills of Sagay. The place was covered with thick vegetation and trees and people come to visit the place and later decided to dwell. These people who first migrated called the place SAPLAD. Later on, through the efforts of a civic-spirited group, a school was built which encouraged more people to settle and owned lands. One of the first settlers was Crispin Maquiling, member of the Philippine Constabulary and who later became the barrio lieutenant. His leadership was looked upon by the people, being their good leader that they decided to name the place Maquiling in his honor.

Molocaboc
Sometime in the year 1880, the first known settlers in the island were the Abong brothers led by Eusebio Abong popularly known as Kapitan Sebio. They were grown fishermen from Sicogon Island, Carles Iloilo. At that time, the whole island had no name to call on. Kapitan Sebio together with his brothers Francisco and Atong cleared the island and utilized the area as pasture of their herbs. They divided area among themselves the island for them to settle and the most frequent place for gathering is the place of Atong which they called it Cangatong, a Cebuano word which means “it's Atong's place.” Cangatong is a place where a big Mocaboc tree grows that most transient fishermen usually took their siesta time. The said Mocaboc tree is a kind of mangrove that was very famous at that time as medicinal tree. Then, it was Francisco who suggested to name the island Mocaboc after the tree considering the abundance of the species in the island. However, the Spanish authorities cannot pronounce Mocaboc properly so they inserted the syllable “lo” making it Molocaboc. From that time on, the place bore the name Molocaboc and is now noted for various species of mangroves lining its coast and of bubble shell deposit

Old Sagay
The recorded history of Sagay dates back to the 1860 era when Teniente Francisco Rodriguez and Basilio Cordova founded a small settlement in the mouth of a river known as Bulanon River. The settlement was then called Arguelles. In due time the settlement prospered and became the town proper. Arguelles was the center of commerce and trade in the area for about ten years from the time of its founding. In 1870, the Spanish Governor ordered the transfer of the town site to a bigger and more progressive community, also near the sea. The place was christened “Pueblo de Magallanes, the present site of Barangay Old Sagay. After World War II, the seat of government was transferred to the present Poblacion site, Dalusan but the barangay retained its name as Sagay with the prefix old referring to the old settlement in the coastal area

Demographics

Sagay City's inhabitants are known to speak a mixture of Hiligaynon and Cebuano. Tagalog and English are widely used in schools, businesses, and government offices.

Government
The elected mayor in the 2007 Elections is Alfredo Marañon Jr. with his vice mayor elect Leo Rafael Cueva. In the 2010 election, Leo Rafael Cueva elected as Mayor with his vice mayor Kent Javelosa. The current Mayor is Alfredo D. Marañon, III son of then Governor Marañon, Jr with Vice – Mayor Narciso L. Javelosa Jr.

Festivals

 * Feast of St. Joseph & Sinigayan Festival (March 19)
 * Feast of San Vicente Ferrer, Vito ( May 1–2)
 * Charter Day Anniversary (June 11)

Notable personalities

 * Rona Mahilum – child hero who saved her 5 siblings from a fire in their home in Barangay Colonia Divina
 * Ronnie Lazaro
 * Ramon Bagatsing

Tourism attractions

 * Sagay Marine Reserve
 * Carbin Reef
 * Panal Reef
 * Macahulom Reef
 * Suyac Island Mangrove Eco-Park
 * Molocaboc Island
 * Himogaan River is the longest river of Sagay City.
 * Inangtan Hanging Bridge
 * The Legendary Siete
 * San Vicente Ferrer Church (Vito Church)
 * Lady's Circle Garden and Living tree museum
 * Museo Sang Bata sa Negros children's museum

title: Sagay, Negros Occidental


text:
Anne Wolf

Anne Wolf (born 31 May 1967) is a Belgian jazz pianist. She studied classical piano for ten years before entering the conservatory in 1985, where she was taught by Michel Petrucciani, Eric Legnini, and Charles Loos.

She plays as well alone as with jazz, pop, and world musicians. In 2001, she released her first trio album. She won the Golden Django for best new talent in 2002 (although she had already appeared on several recordings).

Wolf has recorded with Sttellla, Frédéric Ruymen, Citizen Jane, Kendigo, Manu Hermia, Ben N'Gabo, Cheiro de Choro, and The Big Day.

title: Anne Wolf


text:
User talk:Eighties electro

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title: User talk:Eighties electro


text:
Don Salvador Benedicto

Don Salvador Benedicto, officially the Municipality of Don Salvador Benedicto (Banwa sang Don Salvador Benedicto; Bayan ng Don Salvador Benedicto) or simply Salvador Benedicto and abbreviated as DSB, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 26,922 people.

The municipality is a post-colonial provincial hill station, designated the Summer Capital of Negros Occidental, and is a popular tourist site.

History
The idea for the creation of the municipality originated from Nehemias “Nene” de la Cruz, a political dissident who was imprisoned during the Martial law era. While in prison, he began dreaming of creating a town out of the “cradle of insurgency/rebellion”, and after his release, gained the support of his friend Mike Coronel, who was also the provincial commander of the Philippine Constabulary in Negros Occidental, in establishing the upcoming municipality based in Barangay Igmaya-an, which was then part of Murcia, in 1976. Located at the center of the mountains of northern Negros Occidental, Don Salvador Benedicto was chartered in 1983 through Batas Pambansa Bilang 336 by then President Ferdinand Marcos. It consolidated all the remote barangays of San Carlos City and the towns of Calatrava and Murcia. which were apparently neglected due to inaccessibility.

The town is named after the former Vice Governor Salvador Valois Benedicto (March 31, 1889–November 28, 1956) who played an important role in the setting up of a Revolutionary Government in Negros Island particularly in Barangay Igmaya-an, when the country was occupied by the Japanese during World War II. He was also the main guerrilla coordinator in both Negros Oriental and Negros Occidental during the said war. Salvador Benedicto is a relative of Roberto Benedicto, a crony of Marcos.

Geography
Don Salvador Benedicto is 47 km east of Bacolod, via Negros Occidental Eco-Tourism Highway (N69).

Barangays
Don Salvador Benedicto is politically subdivided into 7 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
 * Bago (Lalung)
 * Bagong Silang (Marcelo)
 * Bunga
 * Igmaya-an
 * Kumaliskis
 * Pandanon
 * Pinowayan (Prosperidad)

Demographics
Major languages are Hiligaynon, followed by Cebuano with English and Filipino being used as second languages.

Economy
Although a small town, the town of Don Salvador Benedicto has seen a rise in its municipal economy thanks to tourism and local agriculture. Due to its high altitude like Baguio, the town can support crops that grow in temperate areas, making it ideal for a multitude of farming businesses. Tourism is on the rise for the town especially when travellers head out into the heart of the province. Also located in the municipality are the Choco Hills, similar to Bohol's Chocolate Hills, with shared boundary of Barangay Prosperidad, San Carlos City.

title: Don Salvador Benedicto