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Delta Geminorum

Delta Geminorum (δ Geminorum, abbreviated Delta Gem, δ Gem), formally named Wasat, is a triple star system in the constellation of Gemini.

Nomenclature
δ Geminorum (Latinised to Delta Geminorum) is the system's Bayer designation.

It bore the traditional name Wasat, which derives from the Arabic word for "middle". In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Wasat for this star on 21 August 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.

In Chinese, 天樽 (Tiān Zūn), meaning Celestial Wine Cup, refers to an asterism consisting of Delta Geminorum, 57 Geminorum and Omega Geminorum. Consequently, Delta Geminorum itself is known as 天樽二 (Tiān Zūn èr, the Second Star of Celestial Wine Cup.). From this Chinese name, the name Ta Tsun has appeared.

Properties

Delta Geminorum is a subgiant star with the stellar classification F0 IV. It is about 60.5 ly distant. This star has 1.57 times the mass of the Sun and is rotating rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 129.7 km s−1. The estimated age is 1.6 billion years.

It has an apparent visual magnitude of +3.53, allowing it to be seen with the naked eye. It is 0.18 degree south of the ecliptic so it is occasionally occulted by the Sun, Moon and, rarely, by a planet; and is eclipsed by the sun from about 10-12 July. Thus the star can be viewed the whole night, crossing the sky, in mid-January. The last occultation by a planet was by Saturn on June 30, 1857, and the next will be by Venus on August 12, 2420. In 1930, the dwarf planet Pluto was discovered about 0.5° to the east of this star by American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh.

Delta Geminorum is a triple star system. The inner components form a spectroscopic binary with a period of 6.1 years (2,238.7 days) and an orbital eccentricity of 0.3530. A cooler class K companion is not apparent to the naked eye but clearly visible in a small telescope. It orbits the inner pair with a period of 1,200 years and an eccentricity of 0.11. Although according to its radial velocity is away from the Sun, it is actually approaching the Solar System. In about 1.1 million years, it will make its closest approach at a separation of roughly 6.7 ly.

title: Delta Geminorum


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Gendarmerie Nationale

Gendarmerie Nationale most commonly refers to:

 * Gendarmerie Nationale (France)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Belgium), merged with Belgian police in 2001

Gendarmerie Nationale may also refer to:

 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Algeria)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Benin)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Burkina-Faso)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Burundi)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Cameroon)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Chad)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Gabon)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Madagascar)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Mali)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Mauritania)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Niger)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Senegal)
 * Gendarmerie Nationale (Togo)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gendarmerie Nationale


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Portraiture and Biography

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:17, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Portraiture and Biography
Poorly titled POV personal essay Blackcats 09:17, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 12:06, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all this period eye cruft as personal essays. Non-notable, original "research" Wikibofh 14:18, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Original research. Geogre 14:54, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete along the lines of everything else this user has done: Original research, POV, bias. jglc | t | c 17:57, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: Talk:Lamb shift

title: Talk:Lamb shift


text:
Jack McKinney (writer)

Jack McKinney was a pseudonym used by American authors James Luceno and Brian Daley before the latter's death.

As well as adapting Robotech into novel form, they were also responsible for the Sentinels series which continued to expand the Robotech Universe. They also wrote the Black Hole Travel Agency series. Robotech: The End of the Circle (1990) is the final Robotech novel co-written by both before Brian Daley's death.)

title: Jack McKinney (writer)


text:
1938 in South Africa

Тhe follоwing lists evеnts that hapрened during 1938 in South Africа.

Incumbents

 * Monarch: King George VI.
 * Governor-General and High Commissioner for Southern Africa: Sir Patrick Duncan
 * Prime Minister: James Barry Munnik Hertzog.
 * Chief Justice: John Stephen Curlewis then James Stratford.

July

 * 1 – The South African Press Association is established with offices in Cape Town, Johannesburg, Durban, Bloemfontein and Pretoria.

December

 * 16 – The cornerstone of the Voortrekker Monument is laid.
 * 23 – A coelacanth, a fish thought to have gone extinct prehistorically, is caught off the east coast near Chalumna River mouth.

Unknown date

 * A contract is awarded to the Hollandse Anneming Maatschappij Eiendoms Beperk to construct a new Table Bay harbour in Cape Town by reclaiming ground on the Foreshore and building new and deeper docks.
 * South African Jewish Maritime League is established.

Births

 * 17 January – Percy Qoboza, journalist, author and critic of the Nationalist government, in Sophiatown. (d. 1988)
 * 5 June – David Nthubu Koloane, artist, in Alexandra.
 * 4 July
 * Cyril Mitchley, South African cricketer, umpire and match referee.
 * Ernie Pieterse, South African racing driver.
 * 13 August – Lindiwe Mabuza, South African politician and diplomat (d. 2021)
 * 12 November – Steve Tshwete, activist and politician, in Springs. (d. 2002)
 * 18 November – Zanele Dlamini Mbeki, former First Lady of South Africa as the wife of former President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki, founder of Women's Development Bank

Railway lines opened

 * 6 November – Transvaal – Midway to Bank, 21 mi.

Locomotives

 * Three new locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways (SAR):
 * The first of the Class 15F 4-8-2 Mountain type, at 255 the most numerous steam locomotive class on the South African Railways (SAR).
 * One hundred and thirty-six Class 23 locomotives enter service, the last and the largest 4-8-2 Mountain type locomotive to be designed by the SAR.
 * The first of sixteen Class GM 4-8-2+2-8-4 Double Mountain type Garratt articulated steam locomotives.

title: 1938 in South Africa


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Lethbridge, Victoria

Lethbridge is a rural township outside Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Bluestone from Lethbridge quarries was used to build several significant buildings in Melbourne, including the steps to the Parliament House. At the, Lethbridge had a population of 1,014.

Lethbridge Post Office opened on 10 September 1857 and closed in 1980.

The community of Lethbridge has a range of facilities and services including:
 * Lethbridge Primary School
 * The town hall (which offers community groups including Karate and Cub scouts)
 * Lethbridge Airpark
 * Sports and Community facility (Lethbridge Recreation Reserve) (with two football ovals and three tennis courts, also offering Playgroup and Community functions. A skate park and playground are located nearby.
 * Lethbridge Equestrian Centre
 * Lethbridge General Store
 * Country Fire Authority
 * Lethbridge Lake (equipped with BBQ shelters and room for recreational activities such as fishing)
 * Lethbridge Wines
 * Golden Plains Equine, specialist veterinary clinic for horses.

History
The rural township was formally named Muddy Water Holes, the original name was most likely because of the line of ponds across Bruce's Creek. In 1854 the township was proclaimed and named as Lethbridge. Lethbridge was along the horse and carriage tracks that connected Geelong and Ballarat to connect Geelong's port access with Ballarat's goldfields, which became the primary route between the two cities which is now Midland Highway.

The railway came to the town with the opening of the Geelong-Ballarat line in 1862, with the local railway station opened soon after, but today only grain and fruit trains use the line.

Throughout the 19th century, Lethbridge became a growing community. Multiple schools including a catholic school and a Presbyterian school opened up, however, they were all shut down when the township introduced a government school in 1874, known now as Lethbridge Primary School. The original site for Lethbridge Primary School continued to be used up until 2010, the school was relocated to a brand new premise in Stephenson Street, the original bluestone schoolhouse still remains intact at the former site.

Local bluestone was sourced from Lethbridge quarries, the shire hall in Bannockburn and the war memorial in Inverleigh have also used bluestone in their construction. Football, cricket clubs, and even a mechanics' institute were introduced to Lethbridge.

Lethbridge introduced its first Catholic church built in the early 1860s, St Mary's church. Before the 1860s Lethbridge was included in the parish of St Mary's Geelong. Lethbridge Uniting Church was built in 1868–69, originally built on the Midland Highway but later relocated to opposite the local railway station. The sites for both St Mary's church and Lethbridge uniting church still exist today,

Moranghurk, a Lethbridge homestead dating from approximately the 1840s, located on the Midland Highway, is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register. The Moranghurk shearer's quarters have been restored and can accommodate for up to 30 guests.

During the 1900s, Lethbridge was not as busy as it once was. A portion of the population were farms settled by soldiers when part of the Moranghurk estate was subdivided during World War II. The population census even recorded a population as low as 172 in 1966.

Peter Lalor, the leader of the Eureka Stockade rebellion, hid overnight in Lethbridge while fleeing from Ballarat to Geelong in November 1854.

George Elmslie, first Labor Premier of Victoria, was born in Lethbridge in 1861.

Present day
Population and activity in Lethbridge has declined since its peak during the mid-19th century. At the 2016 census, Lethbridge had a population of 1,014, as opposed to the 1861 population of 1,267. The predicted population for Lethbridge (and surrounding areas such as Meredith and She Oaks) in 2021 is 2,460 and expected to reach 3,007 in 2041.

Many of the facilities mentioned above are located in one central area, despite Lethbridge being located on the Midland Highway, the central area is located away from the highway. Although the history of Lethbridge is preserved through buildings such as the railway station and old school site. At the Lethbridge lake, the former railway water tank still exists today, used to supply water for steam engines that needed to take on water at the railway station.

Cricket
Lethbridge has a cricket club that was established in 1879, playing at the sports facilities.

Football
Lethbridge offers football teams for junior players, also playing at the sports facilities in Lethbridge.

Equestrian
Lethbridge has an indoor equestrian arena for horse sports

title: Lethbridge, Victoria


text:
Talk:LotusScript

Some links for advanced LotusScript programmers:
 * Agent FAQ
 * Custom LotusScript classes
 * XML classes in Domino/Notes 6 part 1
 * XML classes in Domino/Notes 6 part 2
 * LotusScript mode for jEdit jEdit

Kanngard
 * LotusScript highlighting for Notepad++ (Ravi Luthra)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on LotusScript. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100705112420/http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/pdfs/sg244856.pdf to http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/pdfs/sg244856.pdf

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title: Talk:LotusScript


text:
Lambda Sagittarii

Lambda Sagittarii (Latinized from λ Sagittarii), formally named Kaus Borealis, is a star in the southern constellation of Sagittarius. The star marks the top of the Archer's bow.

Properties
With an apparent visual magnitude of +2.82, this is one of the brighter members of the constellation and, according to the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale, it is readily visible to the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements, it is 78.2 ly from the Sun.

Being 2.1 degrees south of the ecliptic, Lambda Sgr is sometimes occulted by the Moon and, rarely, by a planet. The last planet to pass in front of it was Venus, on 19 November 1984. The previous occasion was 5 December 1865, when it was occulted by Mercury.

Kaus Borealis is a subgiant star with a stellar classification of K0 IV. It has a mass 2.6 times that of the Sun and a physical size of about 11.2 times the Sun's radius. This expanded outer envelope is radiating energy at an effective temperature of 4,770 K, causing it to glow with the cool orange hue of a K-type star. It appears to be rotating at a leisurely rate, with a projected rotational velocity of 3.81 km s−1.

Nomenclature
λ Sagittarii (Latinised to Lambda Sagittarii) is the star's Bayer designation.

It bore the traditional name Kaus Borealis, which derives from the Arabic قوس qaws 'bow' and Latin boreālis 'northern'. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Kaus Borealis for this star.

This star, with Gamma Sagittarii, Delta Sagittarii, Epsilon Sagittarii, Zeta Sagittarii, Sigma Sagittarii, Tau Sagittarii and Phi Sagittarii comprises the Teapot asterism.

In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi al Mouakket, this star was designated Rai al Naaim, which was translated into Latin as Pastor Struthionum, meaning keeper of the ostriches.

This star is Al Tizini's Rāʽi al Naʽāïm (ألراع ٱلنعم), the Keeper of the Naʽams (Ostrich), meaning the "keeper" the two asterisms al-Naʽām al-Wārid ( النعام الوارد ), "The Going Ostriches" and al-Naʽām al-Ṣādir (النعم الصادر), "The Returning Ostriches".

In Chinese, 斗 (Dǒu), meaning Dipper, refers to an asterism consisting of Lambda Sagittarii, Phi Sagittarii, Mu Sagittarii, Sigma Sagittarii, Tau Sagittarii and Zeta Sagittarii. Consequently, Lambda Sagittarii itself is 斗宿二 (Dǒu Sù èr, the Second Star of Dipper.)

title: Lambda Sagittarii


text:
Microbiology Society

The Microbiology Society (previously the Society for General Microbiology) is a learned society based in the United Kingdom with a worldwide membership based in universities, industry, hospitals, research institutes and schools. It is the largest learned microbiological society in Europe. Interests of its members include basic and applied aspects of viruses, prions, bacteria, rickettsiae, mycoplasma, fungi, algae and protozoa, and all other aspects of microbiology. Its headquarters is at 14–16 Meredith Street, London. The Society's current president is Prof. Gurdyal S. Besra. The Society is a member of the Science Council.

History
The society was founded on 16 February 1945 as the Society for General Microbiology. Its first president was Alexander Fleming. The Society's first academic meeting was in July 1945 and its first journal, the Journal of General Microbiology (later renamed Microbiology), was published in 1947. A symposium series followed in 1949, and a sister journal, the Journal of General Virology, in 1967. The society purchased its own headquarters in Reading in 1971, after initially sharing accommodation with the Biochemical Society in London. In 2014 the Society moved to Charles Darwin House, London, sharing the premises with several other learned societies. In 2015, the Society changed its name to the Microbiology Society, after its members voted in favour of the change. In 2019 the Society moved to its new headquarters at 14–16 Meredith Street, London.

Activities
The Society currently organises a large Annual Conference and a number of smaller Focused Meetings, which cover a specific microbiology discipline. It publishes a magazine, Microbiology Today (formerly SGM Quarterly), and academic journals in virology and microbiology:
 * Microbiology
 * International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
 * Journal of General Virology
 * Journal of Medical Microbiology
 * Microbial Genomics
 * Access Microbiology
 * JMM Case Reports (now closed)

Society Prizes
The Microbiology Society awards a range of prizes in recognition of significant contributions to microbiology.

In 2009, the Society announced the Society for General Microbiology Prize Medal, awarded annually to a microbiologist of international standing whose work has had a far-reaching impact beyond microbiology. The first medal was awarded to Stanley Prusiner. The recipient of the Prize Medal gives a lecture based on the work for which the award has been made, which is usually published in a Society journal. In 2015, the prize was renamed the Microbiology Society Prize Medal.

The Marjory Stephenson Prize is awarded annually for an outstanding contribution of current importance in microbiology. The winner receives £1000 and gives a lecture on his/her work at a Society meeting. The lecture is usually published in a society journal. Marjory Stephenson was the second president of the Society (1947–1949) and a distinguished pioneer of chemical microbiology.

The Fleming Prize Lecture is awarded annually to recognise outstanding research in any branch of microbiology by a microbiologist in the early stages of his/her career. Sir Alexander Fleming was the first President of the Society (1945–1947) and received a Nobel Prize for his discovery of penicillin.

The Sir Howard Dalton Young Microbiologist of the Year Competition is presented annually to a Society member who is a PhD student or early-career postdoctoral researcher. The competition is judged on the participants' oral or poster presentations at Society conferences. The prize was renamed in 2009 in honour of the late Howard Dalton.

The Peter Wildy Prize Lecture is awarded annually for contribution to microbiology education or communication. It is named after Peter Wildy, a virologist and was established in 2001.

The Microbiology Outreach Prize was established in 2009.

Presidents
Source: Microbiology Society

title: Microbiology Society


text:
Eta Geminorum

Eta Geminorum (η Geminorum, abbreviated Eta Gem, η Gem), formally named Propus, is a triple star system in the constellation of Gemini. It is a naked-eye variable star around 380 light years from the Sun.

Nomenclature
Eta Geminorum is the star's Bayer designation. The traditional names Tejat Prior, Propus (from the Greek, meaning forward foot) and Praepes and Pish Pai (from the Persian Pīshpāy, پیش‌پای, meaning foreleg). In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Propus for this star.

This star, along with γ Gem (Alhena), μ Gem (Tejat Posterior), ν Gem and ξ Gem (Alzirr) were Al Han'ah, "the brand" (on the neck of the camel). They also were associated in Al Nuḥātai, the dual form of Al Nuḥāt, "a Camel's Hump".

In Chinese lunar mansion, Tejat Prior is the only member of the lunar mansion 钺 (Pinyin: Yuè, Chinese 'Battle Axe').

Surroundings
η Geminorum lies at the foot of the Castor side of Gemini, about two degrees west of μ Geminorum and two degrees southeast of the bright open cluster M35. Between the two stars are several faint areas of nebulosity. η Gem just to the west of the supernova remnant shell IC 443. Further east around μ Gem is the emission nebula S249. In between is the small faint emission nebula IC 444 around the 7th magnitude 12 Geminorum.

η Geminorum is 0.9 degree south of the ecliptic, so it can be occulted by the Moon and, rarely, by planets. The last occultation by a planet took place on July 27, 1910, by Venus, and the next to last on July 11, 1837, by Mercury.

Variability
In 1865, Julius Schmidt first reported that η Geminorum was a variable star. The light variations were described by Schmidt and other observers as having long maxima of constant brightness, minima of greatly varying size and shape, and a period around 231 days. The star was classified as both a semiregular variable and an eclipsing variable. The eclipse period has been set at about eight years, corresponding to the orbit of an unseen companion. The eclipses were initially questioned, but special projects led to the eclipses of February 1980, April 1988 and October 2012 being well observed. Eclipses have depths of about half a magnitude and durations of several weeks.

The semi-regular variations have been classified as type SRa, indicating relatively predictable periodicity with some variations in amplitude and light curve shape. These types of variable are considered to be very similar to Mira variables, but with smaller amplitudes. Many long-period variables show long secondary periods, typically ten times longer than the main period, but these changes have not been detected for η Geminorum. The main period has been refined to an average of 234 days.

System
η Geminorum is a triple system, with the luminous class M star having a close companion known only from radial velocity variations, and a more distant companion resolved visually.

In 1881, Burnham observed that η Geminorum had a close companion (η Gem B). At that time the separation was measured to be 1.08". This has now increased to 1.65" and an orbit has been calculated to be 474 years long and rather eccentric. Little is known about the companion, although it is 6th magnitude. It is given a G0 spectral type and is assumed to be a giant on the basis of its brightness.

In 1902, William Wallace Campbell reported that η Geminorum A showed radial velocity variations. The assumption was that the star was a spectroscopic binary, although no period or other orbital parameters were determined. An orbit calculated in 1944 is essentially unchanged today, with a period of 2,983 days and an eccentricity of 0.53. Observations were made looking for sign of eclipses corresponding to the derived orbit, but the evidence was regarded as inconclusive, and the eclipses were not confirmed until much later. Due to the appearance of the spectrum, the spectroscopic companion is suspected to be a fainter M-class star. Since the secondary star alone would be too small to cause the observed eclipses, it is probably surrounded by a circumstellar disk.

Evolution
The luminous main component of η Geminorum is an asymptotic giant branch star, a highly evolved cool luminous star that was originally on the main sequence.

Namesakes
USS Propus (AK-132) was a United States Navy Crater class cargo ship named after the star.

title: Eta Geminorum


text:
File:Vertex.png

QCD vertex and color line representation Created by: User:Bambaiah

title: File:Vertex.png


text:
Rothersthorpe

Rothersthorpe is a small village of medieval origin, in West Northamptonshire, England, with a population of 500 in the 2001 Census, reducing to 472 at the 2011 census. It is 4 mi from the town of Northampton.

Governance
The village is currently governed by West Northamptonshire council. Before local government changes in 2021 the village was in the area of South Northamptonshire District Council and Harpole and Grange ward, together with the villages of Milton Malsor, Gayton, Harpole and Kislingbury. The ward had a total population of 1,721 in the 2001 census. The village is part of the Daventry constituency.

History
The village's name means 'Counsellor's outlying farm/settlement'. Alternatively, the primary element could also be a personal name, 'Hreitharr', 'Reithar' or 'Redhar'.

The Berry ringworks are medieval fortifications built and occupied from the late Anglo-Saxon period to the later 12th century. They are situated between the junction of North Street and Church Street and were small defended areas of buildings surrounded partly or completely by large ditches and earthworks topped by wooden palisades. They are rare nationally.

The Berry is the site of a ringwork which stood at the centre of medieval Rothersthorpe. The site is irregularly shaped with a wide ditch on the north and west sides. There are the remains of an inner rampart in the north east corner and southern end. Features in the west of the interior of the works show the locations of former buildings. Remains of ridge and furrow farming are on the eastern side.

Murder
The remains of Andrzej Kulesza, 27, were found in a field in the village in April 2011 by a woman walking her dog and confirmed as his in July 2011. A £20,000 reward was offered for information about his kidnap and murder. He disappeared from his home in Stamford Hill in September 2010 after going out to shop. His girlfriend received ransom calls and paid some money, but the calls stopped days after he went missing. Two men were arrested on suspicion of kidnap and murder and bailed to return later. On 7 August 2013 Kamil Dreszer was convicted of Kulesza's murder and sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum term of 22 years. Artur Janik was found guilty of manslaughter, kidnapping, false imprisonment and preventing the lawful burial and disposal of a corpse. He was jailed for 11 years. Daniel Kosowski was found guilty of preventing the lawful burial and disposal of a corpse and jailed for 30 months.

Demographics
The 2001 Census shows 500 people living in the parish, 237 male and 263 female, in 191 dwellings.

Facilities
The village has a mixed Church of England primary school, and the church of SS Peter and Paul. A pub, The Chequers, closed in 2011.

The M1 motorway with the Northampton (formerly known as Rothersthorpe) Service Area and junction 15A is nearby but mostly out of hearing as the prevailing wind is south-westerly. There is, however, light pollution from the service area and a large area of warehouses in the nearby area of Northampton.

The Northampton Arm of the Grand Union Canal, built in 1815 passes near to Rothersthorpe. Seventeen locks, taking the canal into Northampton and its junction with the River Nene, takes about two hours for a boat to travel through.

The village is bisected by the Banbury Lane, an ancient drovers' road along which cattle were once taken to market in Banbury from as far afield as Scotland. Along this road a mile or so south was a level crossing with the West Coast Main Line railway route from London Euston to Glasgow, Scotland. The crossing was one of few left on the line and the first outside Euston, some 65 miles south. The level crossing and an adjacent bridge over the Grand Union Canal were replaced by a curved bridge in 2005. This was for safety reasons following projected speed increases to 125 miles per hour on the line operated by tilting Class 390 Pendolino trains.

title: Rothersthorpe


text:
Talk:Microbiology Society

Young Microbiologist of the Year
The list of Young Microbiologists of the Year needs to be populated. Can anyone from the SGM provide details? 212.183.136.193 (talk) 23:44, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Copyright
OK, sorry for the confusion - it's my first time. I've rewritten the article on the temp page. I am a long term member of this Society, and we would like to be represented on Wikipedia! Is there anything else I need to do to achieve this?

 * In time - about a week or so - the copyvio will be deleted and be replaced by the temp article automatically. Gamaliel 19:52, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thanks. ajc 19:08, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Microbiology Society


text:
Electra (star)

Electra, designated 17 Tauri, is a blue-white giant star in the constellation of Taurus located approximately 400 light years away. It is the third-brightest star in the Pleiades open star cluster (M45), visible to the naked eye with an apparent magnitude of 3.7. Like the other bright stars of the Pleiades, it is named for one of the Seven Sisters of Greek mythology.

Properties
Electra has an apparent brightness of 3.72, the third-brightest of the stars in the group. It belongs to the spectral class B6 IIIe and is approximately 400 light-years from the Sun. The Pleiades cluster is thought to be 444 light-years away. A number of papers have reported Electra to be a multiple star, but these have been contradictory and never confirmed.

The projected rotational velocity of this star is $5.91$, making it a fast rotator. This is the velocity component of the star's equatorial rotation along the line of sight to the Earth. The estimated inclination of the star's pole is $14,700$, giving it a true equatorial rotational velocity of $3.412$. The rapid rotation rate of this star flattens the poles and stretch the equator. This makes the surface gravity of the star non-uniform and causes temperature variation. This effect is known as gravity darkening, because it results in a variation of radiation by latitude. The rapid rotation extends the life span of the star by increasing the core density and reducing the radiation output.

This is classified as a Be star, which is a B-type star with prominent emission lines of hydrogen in its spectrum. The Be stars have a rotation rate that is 1.5–2 times the rotation of normal B-type stars. This high rate of rotation may allow mass loss during even minor prominences. Changes in the radial velocity measurements indicate that this star may have a companion, which would make Electra a spectroscopic binary. However, follow-up studies including interferometry have failed to confirm any companion star(s), so it is likely a single star.

Electra may be a variable star, and it appears in the New Catalogue of Suspected Variable Stars as NSV 15755. Low amplitude variability of the brightness of Electra was detected by Kepler/K2, and Fourier analysis of the star's light curve shows several periods of oscillation, the strongest being 1.107 and 1.165 days. The International Variable Star Index classifies it as a slowly pulsating B star.

Infrared observations of this star showed an excess level of radiation equal to about 0.5 magnitudes. This emission is probably from a gaseous disk created by radiation-driven mass loss and rapid rotation of the star. These disks are created by an ejection of material roughly every ten years, which then settles into the equatorial plane about the star. However, the bright nebulosity that surrounds this star makes the observation uncertain.

Nomenclature
17 Tauri is the star's Flamsteed designation.

It bore the traditional name Electra. Electra was one of the Pleiades sisters in Greek mythology. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Electra for this star on 21 August 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.

Military namesakes
USS Electra (1843) and USS Electra (AK-21/AKA-4), were both ships of the United States Navy.

title: Electra (star)


text:
The Clash of the Wolves

The Clash of the Wolves is a 1925 American silent Western film produced and distributed by Warner Bros. Directed by Noel M. Smith, the film stars canine actor Rin Tin Tin, Charles Farrell and June Marlowe. It was filmed on location in Chatsworth, California, and at what would later become the Joshua Tree National Park. It was transferred onto 16mm film by Associated Artists Productions in the 1950s and shown on television. A 35mm print of the film was discovered in South Africa and restored in 2003. In 2004, The Clash of the Wolves was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.

Plot
Lobo, wolfdog leader of a wolf pack, has a price on his head. One day while suffering from a thorn in his paw, he is found by Dave Weston, a borax prospector and befriended. The animal returns love and loyalty. Later, Lobo saves Dave from attacks of scheming villain William 'Borax' Horton, who has designs on Dave's claim. Once again the villain attacks the young prospector and leaves him for dead on the site of the claim. Lobo arrives and Dave sends him with a message to town for help. In the meantime, a posse is hunting Lobo, but he manages to escape them and, at the same time, decoy them to Dave. There, they learn that Lobo is man's best friend.

Cast

 * Rin Tin Tin as Lobo
 * Nanette as Lobo's Mate
 * Charles Farrell as Dave Weston
 * June Marlowe as May Barstowe
 * Heinie Conklin as Alkali Bill
 * Will Walling as Sam Barstowe
 * Pat Hartigan as William 'Borax' Horton

Reviews and reception
Michael L. Simmons wrote in the Exhibitors Trade Review, that "He (Rin-Tin-Tin) brings to the role of leader of a wolf-pack, an intelligence, a beauty of motion, an impressive cleverness that should find wide favor. He is a spectacle, in my opinion, well worth the price of admission." Simmons went on to say that "It is obvious throughout; every time the human cast stacks up alongside the exploits of the animal players, the latter stands out far ahead in the ability to compel interest." Motion Picture News reviewer George T. Pardy praised the performance of Rin-Tin-Tin, saying; "his work all through is extraordinary and far above that of his average doggish contemporaries in filmland...the thrills are many and pungent, mostly arising from the endeavors to trap or shoot Lobo of folks who know that there is a price set on the head of the kingly wolf." A review in The Film Daily was critical of the film stating, "No doubt the author is chiefly to blame for furnishing a script that is a mixture of dizzy melodrama, burlesque, caricature - anything in fact far removed from reality. Director Noel Smith struggled bravely with it. He deserves credit for getting over the dog sequences with a snap and a punch. The rest of the weak story seemed to have him licked."

Box Office
According to Warner Bros records the film earned $232,000 domestically and $38,000 foreign.

Preservation status
A 35mm projection print of The Clash of the Wolves was found in South Africa and returned to the United States. It underwent restoration and preservation in 2003. Abridged and full versions survive in the Library of Congress Packard Campus for Audio-Visual Conservation.

Accolades
In 2004, The Clash of the Wolves was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.

title: The Clash of the Wolves


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User:Sobotta

 Uwe Sobotta`s page is under development.

 Some Facts about Uwe Sobotta

 Other pages:

My contributions to the English Wikipedia

de:benutzer:Sobotta es:usuario:Sobotta

title: User:Sobotta


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Talk:Suburban electrification of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway

What is the point of this article? It is almost entirely negative, and seems to suggest that the only electrification schemes worth talking about are those of the "Big Four". The Liverpool Overhead Railway opened in 1893 and was connected to the L&YR (part of the LMSR surely?) in 1905; the L&YR followed in 1904/06/13 with the Merseyside lines to Southport; and the L&NWR (another part of the LMS) got going in London with the lines out from Euston and Broad Street in 1916/1922; the Bury line (L&YR again) 1916; the Midland on the Lancaster to Morecambe line. Why does the article have to worded thus - the other railways mentioned (eg Southern) took over already existing schemes too.
 * and in point of fact the Hammersmith and City line (electrified in 1906) was joint Metropolitan/Great Western Railway; and the Ealing & Shepherd's Bush Railway, although worked by the Central London Railway, belonged to the GWR too - so the observation about the GWR is strictly incorrect.
 * I have a feeling that the article is all "off the top-of-the head" stuff!!! Peter Shearan 09:33, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This article needs a lot of work, i'm (slowly) incorporating most of the infomration into the bigger article Railway electrification in Great Britain (as i can't see the equivilant of this article for Soutehrn, GWR or LNER). Pickle 14:42, 1 October 2006 (UTC)


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User:Natethewriter

Transcendentalism 19th Century French Literature Modern Poetry Post-Modernism Language Poetics Literary Theory

Recent Additions
Henri Murger Biography Charles Bernstein's Works edits to Ron Silliman's site edits to Bob Perelman's site an article on the Silingi tribe created a W.D. Snodgrass stub

title: User:Natethewriter


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User:Charlitos~enwiki

es:Usuario:Charlitos

title: User:Charlitos~enwiki


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Beta Virginis

Beta Virginis, a name Latinised from β Virginis, is a star in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It has the proper name Zavijava, and, despite its designation 'beta', is the fifth-brightest star in Virgo with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.604. The distance to this star is 35.7 light-years based on parallax, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +4.1 km/s. It is 0.69 of a degree north of the ecliptic, so it can be occulted by the Moon and (rarely) by planets. The next planetary occultation of Beta Virginis will take place on 09 november 2210, by Venus.

Properties
This is an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F9 V, which means it is generating energy through core hydrogen fusion. Sun-like oscillations have been detected in Beta Virginis, allowing its internal structure to be modeled in more detail. It is around 2.9 billion years old with a projected rotational velocity of 4.3 km/s and appears to be near the end of its main sequence lifetime. Larger and more massive than the Sun, it is comparatively metal-rich (that is, it has a higher preponderance of elements heavier than helium). It is radiating 3.6 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of $1.413$.

According to Nelson & Angel (1998), Beta Virginis could host two or three jovian planets in wide orbits. The authors have set an upper limit of 1.9, 5 and 23 Jupiter masses for the putative planets with orbital periods of 15, 25 and 50 years, respectively. Also Campbell et al. 1988 inferred the existence of planetary objects or even brown dwarfs around Beta Virginis. However, more recent studies have not confirmed the existence of any substellar companion around Beta Virginis yet. McDonald Observatory team has set limits to the presence of one or more planets with masses between 0.16 and 4.2 Jupiter masses and average separations spanning between 0.05 and 5.2 astronomical units.

Nomenclature
β Virginis (Latinised to Beta Virginis) is the star's Bayer designation.

It bore the traditional names Zavijava (also Zavijah, Zavyava and Zawijah) and Alaraph. Zavijava is from the Arabic زاوية العواء zāwiyat al-cawwa’ 'corner of the barking (dog)'. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Zavijava for this star on 21 August 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.

In Chinese, 太微右垣 (Tài Wēi Yòu Yuán), meaning Right Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure, refers to an asterism consisting of Beta Virginis, Sigma Leonis, Iota Leonis, Theta Leonis and Delta Leonis. Consequently, the Chinese name for Beta Virginis itself is 太微右垣一 (Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán yī, Supreme Palace Enclosure Right Wall One), representing 右執法 (Yòuzhífǎ), meaning The Right Law Administrator. 右執法 (Yòuzhífǎ), spelled Yew Chi Fa by R.H. Allen, means "the Right-hand Maintainer of Law".

title: Beta Virginis


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1989 Norwegian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 10 and 11 September 1989. The Labour Party remained the largest party in the Storting, winning 63 of the 165 seats.

The non-socialist parties gained a majority, and Jan P. Syse became prime minister of a coalition minority cabinet consisting of the Conservative Party, the Christian Democratic Party, and the Centre Party. This cabinet was disbanded a year later after the Centre Party broke with the Conservatives over the Norwegian EU membership issue. Gro Harlem Brundtland became prime minister in 1990, forming a minority Labour government until the 1993 election four years later.

title: 1989 Norwegian parliamentary election


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File:Crown-gall detail.jpg

A detail photo of a crown-gall on a Kalanchoë infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Photo made by Bhai

title: File:Crown-gall detail.jpg


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Honda Clarity

The Honda Clarity is a nameplate used by Honda on alternative fuel vehicles. It was initially used only on hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicles such as the 2008 Honda FCX Clarity, but in 2017 the nameplate was expanded to include the battery-electric Honda Clarity Electric and the plug-in hybrid electric Honda Clarity Plug-in Hybrid, in addition to the next generation Honda Clarity Fuel Cell. Clarity production ended in August 2021 with US leases for the fuel cell variant continuing through to 2022.

History
The Honda FCX Clarity is based on the 2006 Honda FCX Concept and only available as a hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicle. The FCX Clarity had electric car qualities such as zero emissions while offering five minute refueling times and long range in a full function large sedan. It was the first hydrogen fuel cell vehicle available to retail customers.

Production began in June 2008 with leasing in the U.S. commenced in July 2008. It was introduced in Japan in November 2008. The FCX Clarity was available for lease in the U.S., Japan and Europe. In the U.S., it was only available to customers who live in Southern California where several hydrogen fuel stations are available. FCX Clarity were leased for US$600 a month in 2010, including collision coverage, maintenance, roadside assistance and hydrogen fuel. There were around 10 others on lease in Japan and another 10 in Europe in 2009. One of the reasons for such a low number of cars in the U.S. was a lack of hydrogen filling stations. In 2014 Honda announced to phase out the FCX Clarity. From 2008 to 2015, Honda leased a total of 48 FCX units in the US.

Specifications
The FCX Clarity electrical power comes from a 100kW Honda Vertical Flow (V Flow) hydrogen fuel cell stack whereby electricity is supplied on demand. In common with many electric vehicles, the car has regenerative braking and uses a separate battery to store energy recovered during braking.

The electric motor is based on the motor used in the EV Plus, rated at 134 hp and 189 lbft torque at 0–3056rpm. The range on a full hydrogen tank (4.1kg at 5000psi) is EPA certified at 240 mi. The vehicle is estimated to get about 77 mi per kilogram of hydrogen in the city, 67 mi per kilogram highway and 72 mi per kilogram in combined driving.

Design
The FCX Clarity is about 4 inch shorter than a 2008 Honda Accord. The display in the dashboard includes a dot that changes color and size as hydrogen consumption grows, to make it easier for the driver to monitor their driving efficiency. A separate display shows the battery power level and another shows motor output. A speedometer is placed above the cockpit display to make it easy for the driver to keep eyes on the road. In the interior, upholstery on the seats and door linings are made with Honda's plant-derived Bio-Fabric.

Production
The FCX Clarity was produced in Japan at a dedicated fuel-cell-vehicle assembly line in the Honda Automobile New Model Center (Takanezawa-machi, Shioya-gun, Tochigi Prefecture). The fuel cell stack itself is produced at Honda Engineering Co., Ltd. (Haga-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi Prefecture).

It is reported that Honda plans to offer hydrogen fuel cell vehicle at costs competitive with gasoline mid-size cars by 2020 although its 2005 hand-built predecessor to the Clarity cost about $1 million.

In July 2014 Honda announced the FCX Clarity would be discontinued and replaced by a new and higher-volume hydrogen fuel-cell vehicle to be introduced.

Running costs
It is reported in 2009 that hydrogen made from natural gas cost about $5 to $10 per kilogram in California, and after compression cost and transportation cost, retails for $12 to $14 per kilogram. Although it was more than double the equivalent amount of gasoline during the summer of 2009, fuel-cell cars have double the efficiency of similar models with a gasoline engine. The FCX Clarity averaged 60 mi per kilogram of hydrogen.

Features
The FCX Clarity's features include an AM-FM car radio with CD player, integration for iPod and iPhone, a USB port, auxiliary input, a voice-activated GPS navigation system, XM satellite radio, cloth seating surfaces, Bluetooth, and digital instrumentation.

Reception
Since the car's unveil at the 2007 Los Angeles Auto Show, it was reported in May 2008 there were 50,000 people inquiring about the car through its Web site.

History
In November 2014, Honda unveiled the Clarity Fuel Cell concept in Japan. In November 2015, Honda unveiled the Clarity Fuel Cell at the 2015 Los Angeles Auto Show and announced a plug-in hybrid (PHEV) variant. In April 2016, Honda announced that the Clarity Plug-In variant would be released in 2017 and also a Clarity Battery Electric (BEV) variant. Each drive-train variant is distinguished by a unique "hero color" and different front styling, headlights, and taillights.

US sales peaked in 2018, the Clarity's first full year of sales, when just over 20,000 units (all variants) were registered, but dropped steadily and only 2,597 Claritys were delivered in 2021. In June 2021, Honda announced that production of the Clarity Plug-in Hybrid and Clarity Fuel Cell would end in August 2021 with Honda's Sayama plant scheduled to close in March 2022.

Fuel Cell
Retail deliveries of the 2017 Honda Clarity Fuel Cell began in Southern California in December 2016. The Clarity was available in 12 approved Honda dealerships located in select California markets, including six dealerships in Southern California, five in the San Francisco Bay Area, and one in Sacramento. The Clarity Fuel Cell, with range of 366 mi, had the highest EPA driving range rating of any zero-emissions vehicle in the U.S., including fuel cell and battery electric vehicles, until the Hyundai Nexo was released in early 2019. The 2017 Clarity also has the highest combined and city fuel economy ratings among all hydrogen fuel cell cars rated by the EPA, with a combined city/highway rating of 67 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPGe), and 68 MPGe in city driving.

Fuel economy ratings (fuel cell models)
The following table shows fuel economy ratings from the United States Environmental Protection Agency test procedures for both the 2014 FCX Clarity and the 2017 Clarity Fuel Cell, expressed in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPGe). One kg of hydrogen is roughly equivalent to one U.S. gallon of gasoline.

Electric
In April 2016, Honda announced that in addition to the new generation Clarity Fuel Cell there are two additional variants — the Clarity Electric and Clarity Plug-in Hybrid, which were both released in 2017. The all-electric Clarity EV with a 25.5kWh battery has 89 mi of range, and is only available for a three-year lease (US$199/month with US$899 down) for residents of California or Oregon.

For the US market, the Clarity Electric is equipped with a CCS Type 1 combo port for DC charging, which also accepts J1772 plugs for AC charging. A full charge requires approximately 3.5 hours on a 240V AC charger, or 19 hours on a standard 120V US wall outlet.

Production stopped for the Clarity Electric at the end of 2019.

Plug-in hybrid
The plug-in hybrid (PHEV) model was launched December 1, 2017 in the U.S. market with a starting MSRP of $34,290; it was eligible for the full $7,500 federal tax credit in the U.S. unlike some other PHEVs due to its larger battery size, along with other incentives for plug-ins in certain states. The Clarity PHEV has an EPA-rated all-electric range of 47 mi, with a total combined gas/electric range of 340 mi.

It is the only Clarity model available in all 50 U.S. states as well as Canada, where it was launched nationwide in the latter on December 14, 2017, starting at an MSRP of C$39,990, before available government incentives up to C$13,000.

For the North American market, the Clarity Plug-in Hybrid is equipped with a J1772 charge port for AC charging at up to 6.6kW. A full charge takes approximately 2.5 hours at the full 6.6kW speed (240V 27.5A), or 13 hours from a standard 120V US wall outlet.

The Clarity PHEV was the only variant available in the Forest Blue Pearl exterior color. Other distinctive exterior features found only on the plug-in variant include a chrome bar above the front grille, chrome rear deck lid garnish, and a unique wheel design. The Clarity PHEV was subsequently released in Japan on July 20, 2018, with an MSRP of ¥5,880,600 including 8% consumption tax, with an advertised all-electric range of 114.6 km on the JC08 driving cycle or 101 km on the WLTP driving cycle. Compared to the North American model, the Japanese model includes an additional CHAdeMO DC fast charging connector, providing an 80% battery charge in 30 minutes.

For the 2020 model year, the Clarity received a new Acoustic Vehicle Alert System, which emits an audible noise when the car is driving at low speeds in pure electric mode.

In August 2019, Honda limited stock of the Clarity PHEV in the United States to only California dealerships, though it could still be ordered nationally. The Clarity PHEV was discontinued in 2021, along with the Fuel Cell model.

FCX Clarity
On 25 July 2007 the United States Internal Revenue Service announced that the Honda FCX Clarity met the requirements of the Alternative Motor Vehicle Credit as a qualified fuel-cell motor vehicle. Purchasers of the 2005 and 2006 Honda FCX were eligible for a US$12000 Section 30B(b) income tax credit, but consumers were not allowed to purchase the vehicle, as it was only available leased in Southern California, where public hydrogen refueling stations are available. The tax credit expired in 2014.

The leasing program began in July 2008 at a price of US$600 per month for three years which includes collision coverage, all maintenance and roadside assistance. Honda announced Power Honda Costa Mesa, Honda of Santa Monica and Scott Robinson Honda as the initial dealers, which were chosen for their proximity to hydrogen refueling stations.

Clarity FCV
The Clarity Fuel Cell is eligible for a federal tax credit of US$8000, as the tax credit for fuel-cell vehicles was given in December 2015 a short-term extension through the end of 2016. As a zero-emission vehicle (ZEV), the Clarity FCV is eligible for a purchase or lease rebate in California of US$4500 through the Clean Vehicle Rebate Project. However, Honda only currently offers the Clarity FCV for lease, so the federal incentives are retained by Honda rather than the lessee; leasee is able to receive the CVRP rebate from California.

Clarity Plug-in hybrid
Owners of the Clarity Plug-In Hybrid are eligible for a maximum US$7500 tax credit through U.S. federal tax credit programs.

Pace car in IndyCar series
The Honda FCX Clarity was the pace car in 2008 Indy Japan 300 which took place at the Twin Ring Motegi in Tochigi, Japan, April 2008. It also served as the official pace car for the 2011 Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg in March 2011.

Awards and recognition

 * World Green Car of the Year - 2009
 * 2008 Good Design Award from the Japan Industrial Design Promotion Organization
 * "Most important car for 100 years" - BBC Top Gear

title: Honda Clarity


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Virgin Mary as the Ideal Woman

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:17, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

The Virgin Mary as the Ideal Woman
POV personal essay - perhaps merge any salvagable content into Blessed Virgin Mary Blackcats 09:39, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nothing worth merging here. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 12:06, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all this period eye cruft as personal essays. Non-notable, original "research" Wikibofh 14:18, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: I don't see what's to be saved, really, that wouldn't still be original research. It's true that the BVM=ideal woman was a huge trope in the middle ages, but that stuff gets so overplayed these days as to be ridiculous. Geogre 14:56, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per my vote on Virgin Mary and bare-breasted. -- BD2412 talk 17:55, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Pi Sagittarii

Pi Sagittarii (π Sagittarii, abbreviated Pi Sgr, π Sgr) is a triple star system in the zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +2.89, bright enough to be readily seen with the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements, it is roughly 510 ly from the Sun.

The three components are designated Pi Sagittarii A (officially named Albaldah, from the traditional name of the entire system), B and C.

Nomenclature
π Sagittarii (Latinised to Pi Sagittarii) is the system's Bayer designation. The designations of the three constituents as Pi Sagittarii A, B and C, derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).

The system bore the traditional name Albaldah, which comes from the Arabic بلدة bálda 'the town'. In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire multiple systems. It approved the name Albaldah for the component Pi Sagittarii A on 5 September 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi al Mouakket, this star was designated Nir al Beldat, which was translated into Latin as Lucida Oppidi, meaning 'the brightest of the town'.

This system, together with Zeta Sagittarii and Sigma Sagittarii may have been the Akkadian Gu-shi-rab‑ba, 'the Yoke of the Sea'.

In Chinese, 建 (Jiàn), meaning Establishment, refers to an asterism consisting of Pi Sagittarii, Xi² Sagittarii, Omicron Sagittarii, 43 Sagittarii, Ro¹ Sagittarii and Upsilon Sagittarii. Consequently, the Chinese name for Pi Sagittarii itself is 建三 (Jiàn sān, the Third Star of Establishment.)

Properties
The spectrum of the system's primary, Pi Sagitarii A, matches a stellar classification of F2 II. The 'II' luminosity class is for a bright giant star that has exhausted the hydrogen at its core and has followed an evolutionary track away from the main sequence of stars like the Sun. Because it has nearly six times the mass of the Sun, it reached this stage in a mere 67 million years. The outer envelope is radiating energy at an effective temperature of about 6,590 K, giving it the yellow-white hue of an F-type star.

Pi Sagittarii A has two nearby companions. The first is separated by 0.1 arcseconds, or at least 13 AUs. The second is 0.4 arcseconds away, which is 40 AU or more. Nothing is known about the orbits of these stars.

Being 1.43 degrees north of the ecliptic, Pi Sagittarii can be occulted by the Moon, and, very rarely, by planets. The next occultation by a planet will be by Venus on February 17, 2035.

title: Pi Sagittarii


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Henry Shepherd Pearson

Henry Shepherd Pearson (c. 1775–1840) was acting Governor of Penang from 1807 to 1808.

According to "The Worthies of Westmorland" by George Atkinson, Pearson was the second son of Sir Richard Pearson and Hannah Shepherd. He was christened at Saint Mary the Virgin in Dover, Kent on 8 February 1777. Another source holds that he was born in Dover on 20 October 1776 and that his mother was the former Margaret Harrison. In 1820, he married Caroline Lyons, daughter of John Lyons of Antigua and Catherine Walrond, and had the following children:

 * Caroline Pearson (1827–1909), who married barrister and solicitor Charles Evan-Thomas of Glamorganshire, Cardiff, Wales
 * Augusta Pearson (c. 1828–1922), who married barrister and solicitor George Arthur Knightley Howman (later Little)
 * Emily Pearson (1830–1876), who married Captain Cowper Phipps Coles, R.N.
 * Richard Lyons Otway Pearson (1831–1890)
 * Henrietta Maria Pearson (1832–1890), who married Sterling Browne Westhorp
 * Agnes Minna Pearson (1835–1908), who married the Rev. Richard Lister Venables in 1867 and had two daughters: Katherine Minna (1870–1956), who married Sir Charles Leyshon Dillwyn-Venables-Llewelyn, 2nd Bt., and Caroline Emily Venables (1872–1963)

When Pearson was writing his will (held in National Archives, PROB 11/1931, Image Reference 227/203) in July 1839, he noted that he was "formerly of Bombay" but currently was "of Liverpool House, Dover" (actually Walmer, Kent) and was residing in Boulogne-sur-Mer, Kingdom of France. He continued to live in Boulogne-sur-Mer and was there when he wrote a final codicil to his will on 14 January 1840, proved on 28 July that year. In his will, Pearson wrote that he wished to be buried where he died in the plainest manner possible. He died on 18 April 1840 in Boulogne-sur-Mer and is probably buried in the British section of the Eastern Cemetery there.

April 1807
On 4 April, Mr. W. C. Clubley was appointed deputy secretary:"Government Orders. Fort Cornwallis on 10 April. The whole of the troops at the presidency are to parade this afternoon, at half past four o'clock, in front of the Government-house, to attend the remains of the honourable Philip Dundas, late Governor of this island, to the place of interment. Lieutenant-colonel Basset to command. Three rounds of light cartridges per man to be served to the 20th regiment, which corps only is to fire over the grave, on account of the narrowness of the ground. Forty-five-minute guns, corresponding with the years of age of the deceased, are to be held in readiness to be fired during the funeral procession and to be commenced by a signal from the Government-house. The Bengal artillery furnished the carrying party. The garrison colours are to be hoisted at half mast at sun-rise and continue until sunset. (signed) John Drummond, Town Major. On 13 April, a salute of 19 guns to be fired, on H. S. Pearson Esq. taking his seat as governor of this island. Also a salute of 11 guns on W. E. Phillips, Esq. taking his seat as a member of the council. By order of the honourable governor and council. (signed) Thomas Raffles, Secretary to government."

October 1807
On 17 October:"Yesterday, the Hon. Colonel Norman Macalister in conformity with the orders of the hon. governor-general in council took the usual oaths and his seat as governor of this presidency. A salute of 19 guns was fired on the occasion. Henry Shepherd Pearson Esq. also took the oaths and his seat, as the second member of the council. Appointments. Captain M'Innes, to be private secretary to the governor, with the established salary of 120 Spanish dollars per month. Lieut. Robert Campbell, to act as aids-de-camp to the hon. the governor. Mr. Robert Ibbetson, to be assistant in the collector's office. Mr. Quintin Dick Thompson, to be paymaster, and commissary of provisions and petty stores. Mr. John Macalister, to be an assistant collector of customs and land revenues at Malacca. Mr. William Bennet, to be assistant to the warehouse-keeper. The office of deputy warehouse-keeper is to be abolished from the first of the ensuing month. Henry Shepherd Pearson, Esq. to be warehouse-keeper and paymaster. Mr. J. C. Lawrence is to be acting Malay translator to the government."

title: Henry Shepherd Pearson


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Smoke deflectors

Smoke deflectors, sometimes called "blinkers" in the UK because of their strong resemblance to the blinkers used on horses, and "elephant ears" in US railway slang, are vertical plates attached to each side of the smokebox at the front of a steam locomotive. They are designed to lift smoke away from the locomotive at speed so that the driver has better visibility. On the South Australian Railways they are called "valances".

Overview
Smoke deflectors became increasingly common on later steam locomotives because the velocity of the smoke exiting the chimney had been reduced as a result of efficiency gains obtained by improved smokebox design, such as the Kylchap exhaust and Giesl ejector.

Styles
Various styles of smoke deflectors have been used by different railway operators. However, many are essentially a variation of one of two designs of Windleitbleche (wind deflecting plates) developed by the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (the German State Railway Company) between the World Wars: the earlier, larger Wagner-type deflector, and the later, smaller Witte-type deflector, such as those found on the preserved LNER Gresley A3 class 4472 Flying Scotsman.

The Southern Railway in the UK was one of the first adopters and standardised on its own distinctive style where the deflectors only reached to halfway up the smokebox from the running plate. Wind tunnel testing showed that these less tall deflectors would adequately lift the smoke on the locomotives for which they were designed, without unduly detracting from the appearance.

title: Smoke deflectors


text: User talk:85.74.18.169

title: User talk:85.74.18.169


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David Nasmith

David Nasmith (March 1799 – 17 November 1839) founded The City Mission Movement in the UK, the US and in Europe.

Biography
Born in Glasgow, Scotland, Nasmith began life in manufacturing as an apprentice. He set up The Young Men's Society for Religious Improvement (1824), Glasgow City Mission (1826), Edinburgh City Mission (1832), and London City Mission (1835). He "died poor", in 1839, aged 40, in Guildford, Surrey, England. He was buried in Bunhill Fields. His wife was later buried in Highgate Cemetery and some friends from the City Missions erected a monument to David Nasmith over her grave. The inscription reads:

IN MEMORY OF DAVID NASMITH (BORN A.D.1799 DIED A.D.1839) FOUNDER OF THE LONDON CITY MISSION AND OF VARIOUS CITY AND TOWN MISSIONS THROUGHOUT ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, IRELAND AND AMERICA. A FEW FRIENDS CONNECTED WITH THESE SOCIETIES HAVE ERECTED THIS STONE AS A MEMORIAL OF THEIR ESTEEM AND RESPECT FOR HIS CHARACTER AND WORKS.

Influence
City and Gospel missions, also known as Gospel Rescue Missions in the US, are practical religion outside the walls of the church and an example of Evangelical parachurch organisations. "'David Nasmith originated the Young Men’s Christian Association in Glasgow, and set the institution at work in other cities and around the world. His life work was noted for being instrumental in welding the various denominations together for useful purposes. In 1821 he became secretary of the 'Religious Societies of Glasgow' at the 'Institution Rooms', 59 Glasswork Street. Nasmith possessed a marvelous power of organization and capacity for work. He was a true reformer, and thoroughly sincere in his endeavors to benefit others. He founded City Missions and Young Men’s Christian Associations'. (A. G. Callant, author of Saint Mungo's Bells)" "'Clubs and associations, missions and societies were in his blood. So many of them could claim him as founder that it is doubtful whether, at the age of thirty-six, he could have kept an accurate record of them all. As a founder of missions, it would be hard to find his equal.' (Phyllis Thompson, author of To the Heart of the City)"

City Missions worldwide

 * London City Mission
 * Mission Australia
 * Association of Gospel Rescue Missions
 * City Mission Movement

title: David Nasmith


text:
Karol Świerczewski

Karol Wacław Świerczewski (callsign Walter; 22 February 1897 – 28 March 1947) was a Polish and Soviet Red Army general and statesman. He was a Bolshevik Party member and served in the Soviet Red Army during the Russian Civil War and participated in the wars against the Polish and Ukrainian Republics. He also participated alongside the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War. At the start of World War II In 1939, he participated in the Soviet invasion of Poland. At the end of the war he was installed as one of leaders of the Soviet-sponsored Polish Provisional Government of National Unity. Soon later, Świerczewski died in a country-road ambush shot by the militants from OUN-UPA. He was an icon of communist propaganda for the following several decades.

Life
Born in Warsaw in Congress Poland, Karol Świerczewski grew up in a poor working-class family and began working at age 12 in a local Warsaw factory. During the First World War, at the age of 18 he was evacuated in 1915 to Moscow by the Russian Imperial Army. According to his official biography in the Polish People's Republic he was a member of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania.

In 1918 he joined the Bolshevik Party, and fought in the Russian Civil War as a soldier of the Red Army. In 1919 during the Polish-Soviet War he fought on the Soviet side against the Polish Second Republic and was wounded. He remained in Russia and in 1928 on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of establishment of the Red Army he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner (no. 146), his first military award. From 1921, Świerczewski taught in the Soviet School for the Red Commissars. In 1927 he graduated from Frunze Military Academy in Moscow and worked in the Red Army General Staff.

Spain
In 1931-1933 and maybe later Świerczewski was involved in armed insurrection trainings, delivered by Comintern to Spanish communists in Moscow. His direct role is inclear, though he later produced highly detailed reports on the classes given; he suggested a number of measures to improve their quality. Already at the time he used the nick-name Walter. In 1936, under the name General Walter, he was sent to Spain during the Spanish Civil War, where he initially led the XIV International Brigade in the Battle of Lopera, and later the 35th International Division in the Segovia offensive, and the battles of Brunete, Belchite, Teruel, and the Aragon Offensive. By April 1938 Spanish communist leaders wanted the replacement of many International Brigade commanders due to poor performance, and although André Marty disagreed, he had to compromise and General Walter and Vladimir Ćopić were replaced.

General in the Red Army
Following the outbreak of the Second World War and the Soviet invasion of Poland, Świerczewski served as general in the Soviet Army. On June 27, 1941 he was given command of the 248th Rifle Division as it began forming at Vyazma. He led the division until it was largely encircled and destroyed during Operation Typhoon in the first weeks of October, although he remained in nominal command until late December. His Russian commanders, seeing Świerczewski's apparent incompetence and worsening alcoholism, moved him to a reserve command away from the front lines—the decision was made by General Georgi Zhukov himself. The fact that Świerczewski gave most of his orders under influence of alcohol had tragic consequences for his soldiers, described in General Zygmunt Berling's book Wspomnienia (Memories).

In 1943 he became one of the generals charged with the creation of the Soviet-controlled Polish Armed Forces in the East, the 1st Polish Army. His alcoholism and disregard for the life and health of his soldiers stirred conflict with Zygmunt Berling, and led to his removal from command on several occasions. Świerczewski's alcoholism-related orders gained criticism from other Polish generals as well, including General Aleksander Waszkiewicz.

In 1944 he became one of the leaders of the Polish Workers' Party and the government of People's Republic of Poland. In the winter of 1944 and the spring of 1945 he led the Polish Second Army during the fighting for western Poland and the Battle of Berlin. His leadership in the Battle of Bautzen (Budziszyn) has been severely criticized by modern historians, and he is held responsible for the Second Army's very heavy casualties in that engagement. While commanding, he might have been drunk, and was temporarily relieved of his command. However, due to important backing in the Soviet political apparatus (Main Intelligence Directorate or NKVD), not only did he retain his command, but his mistakes were hushed up, and after the war he was glorified as a hero.

In February 1946 Świerczewski became the Deputy Defense Minister of Poland. He was involved in the persecution of the anti-communist underground movement in Poland, and signed many death sentences, while establishing the communist regime.

Death
Świerczewski was heavily wounded in a skirmish near Baligród in March 1947 while driving in a car without escort for the inspection of Polish troops fighting Ukrainian insurgents. He was ambushed by a unit of Ukrainian Insurgent Army, and died from his wounds within hours. There were several conspiracy theories claiming that the ambush was arranged by the Soviet intelligence due to his insubordination. According to one theory, the information about the general's arrival to the area was passed to Ukrainians by the NKVD and his escort prevented from leaving by mechanical problems with both trucks that transported the escort's soldiers. Most other hypotheses also suggest Soviet or even direct orders from Stalin. The general, a Pole by ethnicity but essentially a Soviet officer with a military record from the Spanish Civil War and a long Red Army war record, had been previously placed lower in the command structure than prewar Polish officers Berling and Rola-Żymierski.

For several years after the Second World War ended, the Ukrainian Nationalist insurgency, led mainly by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, continued fighting in the South-East of Poland. This war, largely supported by the local Ukrainian part of the population, continued until 1949, with some sporadic fights taking place as late as 1956. Świerczewski's death was used as direct cause for the forcible expulsion of the Ukrainian civilian population in Operation Vistula from the territories in the South Eastern part of the post-war Poland to the Recovered Territories (Ziemie Odzyskane, areas of western Poland, which before the war had been part of Germany). In the socialist Poland many myths were created around Karol Świerczewski ("The General of Three Armies"), but details of his life and especially his service in the Red Army during Polish-Soviet War as well as the details of his Spanish War record were never mentioned.

Awards

 * Polish People's Republic:
 * POL_Order_Budowniczych_Polski_Ludowej_BAR.svg Order of the Builders of People's Poland (posthumous)
 * POL_Virtuti_Militari_Wielki_BAR.svg Virtuti Militari (Grand Cross) (posthumous)
 * POL_Virtuti_Militari_Komandorski_BAR.svg Virtuti Militari (Commander)
 * POL_Order_Krzyża_Grunwaldu_1_Klasy_BAR.svg Order of the Cross of Grunwald (1st class)
 * POL_Złoty_Krzyż_Zasługi_BAR.svg Gold Cross of Merit
 * POL_Medal_Zwycięstwa_i_Wolności_BAR.svg Medal of Victory and Freedom 1945
 * POL_Śląski_Krzyż_Powstańczy_BAR.svg Silesian Uprising Cross
 * POL_Medal_za_Odrę_Nysę_i_Bałtyk_BAR.svg Medal "For Oder, Neisse and the Baltic"
 * POL_Za_Warszawę_1939-1945_BAR.svg Medal "For Warsaw 1939-1945"
 * POL_Medal_Za_Wolność_Naszą_i_Waszą_BAR.svg Medal "For Your and Our Freedom" (posthumous)
 * Soviet Union:
 * Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png 2 Orders of Lenin (1937, 1945)
 * Order of Red Banner ribbon bar.png Order of the Red Banner, three times (1928, 1938, 1944)
 * SU_Order_of_Suvorov_1st_class_ribbon.svg Order of Suvorov, 1st class (1945)
 * Ribbon_Medal_For_The_Liberation_Of_Warsaw.png Medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw" (1945)
 * Caputureberlin_rib.png Medal "For the Capture of Berlin" (1945)
 * Order_of_Glory_Ribbon_Bar.png Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (1945)
 * 20_years_saf_rib.png Jubilee Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" (1938)
 * Other countries:
 * TCH_Rad_Bileho_Lva_2_tridy_(pre1990)_BAR.svg Order of the White Lion, 2nd class (Czechoslovakia)
 * Silver_Medal_of_the_Order_for_Liberty_Rib.png Silver Medal of the Czechoslovak Military Order for Liberty (Czechoslovakia)
 * Noribbon.svg Laureate Plate of Madrid (Spanish Republic)
 * Noribbon.svg Order of the Liberation of Spain (Spanish Republic)
 * Order_for_courageousness_Rib.png Order of Bravery (Yugoslavia)
 * Order_of_the_partisan_star_with_golden_wreath_Rib.png Order of the Partisan Star, 1st class (Yugoslavia)

Legacy
In People's Republic of Poland, the Polish communist propaganda made him into a hero, and many controversial aspects of his life such as alcohol abuse and his incompetence during the Battle of Bautzen, as well as postwar Stalinist crimes were hushed up. In 1953, a Polish two-part film depicting the life of Świerczewski, Żołnierz zwycięstwa (A Soldier of Victory), was released. Józef Wyszomirski portrayed the General.

In the years 1945-1991 the present Miguel de Cervantes Liceum in Warsaw was named after him.

During the years 1975–1996 Karol Świerczewski's picture was on the popular 50 złoty banknote, initially the equivalent of two bottles of cheap Vodka. After 1989 with the end of the Warsaw Pact and the coming to power of Solidarity, many of his monuments were removed and streets renamed because of his role in implementing the communist regime in Poland.

On May 21, 2003, the Polish organization of former veterans and independence fighters applied to the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) to investigate 'crimes against the Polish nation' committed by Karol Świerczewski. In a letter, they recall that he was "one of the people who consciously worked towards [the] enslavement of Polish nation, through enforced communist regime that was [a] vassal towards Moscow". Among crimes that are not subject to expiry and should be investigated by the IPN are 29 death sentences on Polish soldiers and officers, which were signed by Świerczewski during his command of the Soviet-controlled 2nd Polish Army.

Photography
While generally unwilling to let himself be photographed, General Walter was a keen amateur photographer. His daughter donated 333 of his photographs to the Asociación de Amigos de las Brigadas Internacionales in Albacete, Spain, to form a permanent part of their archive.

title: Karol Świerczewski


text: User:Jamesmorrison

title: User:Jamesmorrison


text:
Category:Mountains of Malawi

The mountains of Malawi.

title: Category:Mountains of Malawi


text:
User talk:Sammcknight

Warning against porn
Would you stop spreading those pics around Wikipedia, please ??? Thanks you in advance for your cooperation.Qwertzy2 09:50, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sammcknight


text:
Crazy Quilt

Crazy-Quilt is the name of several characters in DC Comics.

Publication history
The Earth-Two Crazy Quilt first appeared in Boy Commandos #15 (March 1946) and was created by Jack Kirby.

The Paul Dekker version of Crazy Quilt first appeared in Blackhawks #180 and was created by artist Dick Dillon and an uncredited writer.

The unidentified female version of Crazy Quilt first appeared in Villains United #2 and was created by Gail Simone and Dale Eaglesham.

Earth-Two Crazy Quilt
Crazy Quilt is an unnamed noted painter who leads a double-life as a master criminal. He gives the plans for his crimes to various henchmen through clues left in his paintings. However, he is blinded by a gunshot wound after one of his henchmen betrays him. Subsequently, he volunteers for an experimental procedure to restore his vision, but is left unable to see anything but bright colors. In his second published appearance, he largely regains his vision using a special helmet that emits bright colored lights.

Paul Dekker
In a 1963 issue of Blackhawk taking place on Earth-One, a fence named Paul Dekker uses the name Crazy Quilt, but the title heroes capture him. As a result of this appearance, some resources report the original Crazy-Quilt's true identity as Dekker. This includes at least one comic, the Kevin Smith-penned Batman: The Widening Gyre #4. However, the earlier Batman Encyclopedia, another official source endorsed by DC Comics, states that Dekker is a separate character from the original Crazy Quilt.

In the Post-Crisis, Paul Dekker's history is similar to the Earth-Two Crazy Quilt. Crazy Quilt's sight is restored briefly after he kidnaps a surgeon to assist him. Batman and Robin intervene, during which Crazy Quilt is blinded again after Robin reflects his light beams at him. Obsessing over his young adversary, he becomes one of the few bat-villains to hate Robin more than his mentor.

Later, attempting to enact revenge upon Robin, Crazy Quilt mistakenly takes out his aggression on Jason Todd, nearly killing him. He later fought Jason Todd again after knocking Batman unconscious.

When Ra's al Ghul caused a mass prison break at Arkham Asylum and Blackgate Penitentiary, Crazy Quilt was among the freed inmates that worked for Ra's al Ghul by abducting Alfred Pennyworth, Commissioner James Gordon, Vicki Vale, Harvey Bullock, and Julia Pennyworth.

Crazy Quilt was later seen in Arkham Asylum when Batman was Arkham Asylum's latest patient. He joins the other inmates in attacking Batman who ends up defeating them.

During the Underworld Unleashed storyline, Crazy Quilt was among those who were offered a carved black candle of Neron.

Crazy Quilt appears in the Belle Reve riot in Justice League #34, lugging around the eviscerated body of the prison warden. The prisoners, along with much of humanity, were being affected by the entity Mageddon and the mind control of Hector Hammond.

Crazy Quilt also has a role in one of the many incarnations of the Secret Society of Super Villains. He and dozens of villains gather in response to the JLA's new moon base and extended team efforts. During the meeting, Quilt has his outfit insulted by the Monocle. The meeting turns out to be a JLA trap and all the villains are captured.

In The New 52 (a 2011 reboot of the DC Comics universe) during the story arc Batman: Endgame, Dr. Paul Dekker appears as insane ex-Wayne Enterprises geneticist who Batman suspects supplied the Joker with his newest serum filled with Dionesium, but is found out to not be guilty. He is also a member of the Doctors Three along with Doctor Death and Hugo Strange. Dekker calls out claiming that the Joker has given him the opportunity to become one of the "Dionesium Men" as well and gleefully injects himself with a syringe despite Batman's warnings. Almost immediately, Dekker's tissues begin to decay and rot from his body and he drops from the window into the waiting crowd of infected who tear what remains of him to pieces. In a nod to his pre-Crisis alter ego, Dekker is found covering his nude body with a patchwork quilt.

Female Crazy Quilt
An unnamed, female version of Crazy Quilt appears as a member of Alexander Luthor Jr.'s version of the Secret Society. She works with many other supervillains to take down the Secret Six. In Outsiders #50, she is captured by the Suicide Squad.

In the Secret Six series, she is one of the villains who accepts the offer of a bounty on the Secret Six from mysterious crime boss Junior, only to be gravely wounded. She later appears in James Robinson's Justice League: Cry For Justice miniseries as one of the many villains who attacks the team.

Skills and equipment
Crazy Quilt has a helmet that allows him to hypnotize his victims using colorful flashing lights. It can project lethal laser beams and function as artificial eyes, since his original ones do not work anymore. The lenses feed their input signals straight into his brain. All versions possess an expertise in gadgetry.

Television

 * The Paul Dekker incarnation of Crazy Quilt appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by Jeffrey Tambor.
 * The Paul Dekker incarnation of Crazy Quilt appears in DC Super Hero Girls, voiced by Tom Kenny. This version is a teacher at Super Hero High.

Film

 * Crazy Quilt makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in DC Super Hero Girls: Super Hero High.
 * Crazy Quilt appears in DC Super Hero Girls: Hero of the Year, voiced again by Tom Kenny.
 * Crazy Quilt makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in DC Super Hero Girls: Intergalactic Games.
 * Crazy Quilt appears in DC Super Hero Girls: Legends of Atlantis, voiced again by Tom Kenny.
 * Crazy Quilt makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in The Lego Batman Movie.

Video games
Crazy Quilt appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.

Miscellaneous
Crazy Quilt appears in Justice League Adventures #6.

title: Crazy Quilt


text: Category:Geography of Malawi

title: Category:Geography of Malawi


text:
Talk:Government of Singapore

Important notice
The government section of the "Outline of Singapore" needs to be checked, corrected, and completed -- especially the subsections for the government branches.

When the country outlines were created, temporary data (that matched most of the countries but not all) was used to speed up the process. Those countries for which the temporary data does not match must be replaced with the correct information.

Please check that this country's outline is not in error.

If you have any questions or comments, please contact The Transhumanist.

Thank you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Boweja (talk • contribs) 18:25, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

Technology development agency?
Is there a Singapore Government Technology development agency? None is mentioned in the article.

I heard recently of a "Singapore Government Technology Development Agency" (mentioned in a recent broadcast of The Space Show, (mp3 recording, 28 Dec 2010, @ approx. 43:00 into the recording) when mentioning which government entity in Singapore had signed the memorandum of understanding for use of the Bigelow Aerospace commercial space station facilities, aiming for on-orbit build in 2014/2015. What agency is it and is there an article on Wikipedia about this agency?  Cheers.  N2e (talk) 06:39, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I haven't heard about this yet, but I imagine it might be the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star). By the way, the talk page isn't really for queries of this nature. You might want to try posting them at "Reference desk" instead. — Cheers, Jack Lee  –talk– 08:55, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

Contradictory?
The government is the executive branch of government? --Huang (talk) 05:31, 10 December 2013 (UTC)
 * See "Government of Singapore". — Cheers, Jack Lee  –talk– 10:36, 10 December 2013 (UTC)

Footnotes inquiries
What does "S 142/2009" mean? 175.156.99.200 (talk) 14:31, 15 August 2014 (UTC)
 * It's the citation for a piece of subsidiary legislation. The "S" indicates that the piece of subsidiary legislation was published in the Subsidiary Legislation Supplement of the Government Gazette. The numbers indicate that it was the 142nd piece of subsidiary legislation issued in this Supplement in 2009. — Cheers, Jack Lee  –talk– 05:48, 20 August 2014 (UTC)

"The Cabinet is formed by the political party that gains a simple majority in each general election" There isn't a source for this. The footnote is just about GE after five years of parliament. Moreover, it should be: "... that have won the most number of parliamentary seats in each...", totally nothing to do with proportion of votes. 175.156.99.200 (talk) 15:24, 15 August 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree that that passage requires some rephrasing. I'll look into it when I have some time. — Cheers, Jack Lee  –talk– 05:48, 20 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Took the liberty of fixing it. — SMUconlaw (talk) 16:51, 25 August 2014 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Government of New Zealand which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 11:31, 31 May 2020 (UTC)

Notice
Hi, I trimmed the last paragraph as I do feel whether the government is 'good' or 'bad' in different aspects has nothing to do with explaining the day-to-day governance and could possibly come off as original research and opinionated. It's not present in other government articles either, from autocratic states such as Russia to democracies such as Sweden. The entire section seemed bloated previously as well and so I merged the 3rd paragraph with the 2nd. Anyway this is just a minor change in the state of things but I'd just like to point it out in case there are any misunderstandings. 122.11.212.71 (talk) 04:01, 1 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Government of Singapore


text:
Konstanty Hrynakowski

Konstanty Hrynakowski (May 21, 1878 – September 4, 1938) was a Polish chemist. He studied natural sciences at the St. Vladimir University, branching into inorganic chemistry and mineralogy at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute, and earning a degree in 1904.

Having participated in student riots during the 1905 revolution he was exiled to Siberia, where he worked at the Technological Institute in Tomsk as an assistant professor and physics and chemistry teacher.

He received a scholarship which enabled him to remove to Göttingen in Germany, where he was interned when the First World War broke out. Upon release from the internment camp he moved to Stockholm, where he worked at the High Technical School.

In March 1920 Hryniewiecki became the first director of the Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division at the University of Poznan. He revamped the basement of the Poznan castle to contain chemical and analytic laboratories and initiated the construction of Poznan's Collegium Chemicum.

Hryniewiecki published over 210 pieces, including over 100 scientific studies and several chemistry manuals. He presided over the Poznan branch of the Polish Chemistry Association and was vice-president of the national PCA office.

title: Konstanty Hrynakowski


text:
Jayaram Padikkal

R. Jayaram Padikkal was an IPS officer. He had served as the Director General of Police (DGP), the highest rank in the force in the period 1993–94.

Early years
Jayaram Padikkal I.P.S. was born in Peruvemba village Palghat in Kerala as the son of an Indian Army officer and had his education in Pune. He was said to be a good hockey player and a voracious reader, especially history, crime and philosophy and later joined the Indian Police Service.

In 1982 he was made the Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG), for the state of Kerala and thus became the youngest DIG in the country. He was one of the few Indian Police officers to have received training at the Scotland Yard. He was a recipient of President's Police Medal.

Controversy
When he was Deputy Inspector General (Crime Branch) of Kerala police, he and Pulikkodan Narayanan were accused of complicity in the torture and death of a student named Rajan at the hands of the police during the period of The Emergency. He was convicted but the conviction was overturned on appeal. He was known to maintain a good relationship with the then Kerala Chief minister K. Karunakaran.

In 1972, as District Superintendent of Police at Thrissur, Padikkal was involved in brutally assaulting Nawab Rajendran and destroying his press office. Its alleged that the attack was in retaliation to Nawab Rajendran's investigative journalism scoop against corruption done by then Home Minister K. Karunakaran in the land acquisition for setting up Kerala Agricultural University at Thrissur.

A book about his life and career, called The Crime Diary of Jayaram Padikkal, was written by Venganoor Balakrishnan in 1997. It describes him as "a NOTORIOUS and controversial IPS officer from Kerala, India." He died in the same year, after falling ill. Before that, he was attacked by some militants on his way from Ernakulam Town railway station to his home nearby.

Popular culture
In 2006 an experimental drama 'Ormakal Zindabad' (Memories longlive) staged in certain places in Kerala, directed by G.Ajayan based on the custodial death of Rajan. The parts of leading characters Jayaram Padikkal and Rajan were done by Salih Rawther and Shabu Madhavan respectively

title: Jayaram Padikkal


text:
Talk:Tripterygium wilfordii

Orthography
Tripterygium wilfordii is the right form. Qwertzy2 09:53, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Which part of the plant is used
Which part of the plant is used in TCM, and by what process are extracts of active ingredients made ? - Rod57 (talk) 07:56, 2 January 2013 (UTC)

The Pinyin is "Lei Gong Teng". Teng in this case is usually translated as "vine." However, the latin pharmaceutical is "Radix Tripterygium Wilfordii" indicating that is actually the root.2602:306:CF7B:23F0:D42D:AEFD:E0CB:AB97 (talk) 00:13, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

Thunder Duke Vine?
"雷公" in "雷公藤" apparently refers Lei Gong, which is a Chinese traditional religion deity. "Duke" really makes no sense here. --Ahyangyi (talk) 07:43, 3 April 2014 (UTC)

Perhaps the above mistranslation is due to the interpreting the character http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC that denotes male instead of "duke." I have been trying to locate the source but I've heard this herb also called "qī bù sǐ" or "seven steps till death", referring of course to its extreme toxicity.2602:306:CF7B:23F0:D42D:AEFD:E0CB:AB97 (talk) 00:08, 16 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Sounds like one of the fictitious poisons in wuxia novels, or possibly Yellow Jessamine, which may be the "intestine-breaking plant" that killed Shennong. The "Seven Steps Till Death" poison is the sap of the Upas tree, Antiaris toxicaria, which is found from Yunnan to Polynesia.  That, and various gods in Chinese mythology are given titles to denote their position in the Celestial Bureaucracy.--Mr Fink (talk) 01:49, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Tripterygium wilfordii. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20150102164744/http://sd.zjpharma.cn/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6TH7-51HB79F-2-6&_cdi=5275&_user=4861547&_pii=S003194221000395X&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2011&_sk=999279998&wchp=dGLzVtz-zSkzS&_valck=1&md5=7203fd267090d325b2474c1c245ffb9c&ie=/sdarticle.pdf to http://sd.zjpharma.cn/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6TH7-51HB79F-2-6&_cdi=5275&_user=4861547&_pii=S003194221000395X&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2011&_sk=999279998&wchp=dGLzVtz-zSkzS&_valck=1&md5=7203fd267090d325b2474c1c245ffb9c&ie=/sdarticle.pdf
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20150102164744/http://sd.zjpharma.cn/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6TH7-51HB79F-2-6&_cdi=5275&_user=4861547&_pii=S003194221000395X&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2011&_sk=999279998&wchp=dGLzVtz-zSkzS&_valck=1&md5=7203fd267090d325b2474c1c245ffb9c&ie=/sdarticle.pdf to http://sd.zjpharma.cn/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6TH7-51HB79F-2-6&_cdi=5275&_user=4861547&_pii=S003194221000395X&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2011&_sk=999279998&wchp=dGLzVtz-zSkzS&_valck=1&md5=7203fd267090d325b2474c1c245ffb9c&ie=/sdarticle.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 07:22, 29 February 2016 (UTC)

as contraceptive, take2
See this recent one: https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/uoc--fcl051217.php --grin ✎ 16:33, 16 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tripterygium wilfordii


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Football

Welcome to this WikiProject related to association football. This page and its subpages contain suggestions on how to improve the articles on the subject. If you would like to help, please inquire on the talk page or write yourself up below. The significant milestones and achievements of the project can be found at the Milestones subpage.

Scope
This WikiProject aims primarily to establish and organize standards for football related articles resulting in well-structured and well-written articles, and possibly also in featured articles, and also making all articles related to football easy to find.

Goals
Write articles:

 * 1) on an overview of football in every country.
 * 2) on women's national teams in every country.
 * 3) on all notable football clubs in every country.
 * 4) on all notable football players in every country.
 * 5) on all notable football stadiums in every country.
 * 6) on all notable football competitions in every country.

Improve articles:

 * 1) to make them comply with standards set up here.
 * 2) to make them featured articles eventually.

Categorize articles:

 * 1) to make it easy to find what you want to find.

Obtain non-copyrighted images to improve the quality of our articles

Members
You can find a list of all Members here. Joining WikiProject Football is easy – just add your username to the bottom of the list. When joining the project, you should watch this page. This allows you to keep up-to-date with discussions about the project on the talk page.

Manual of style
Guidelines and help pages for writing articles and other contributions.

Articles
Manual of style for a few common types of article:

 * Club manual of style
 * National team manual of style
 * National association manual of style
 * Competition manual of style
 * League season manual of style
 * Club season manual of style
 * Country season manual of style
 * Match manual of style
 * Player manual of style
 * Stadium manual of style

For player naming conventions and disambiguation, please see the association football section at Wikipedia:Naming conventions.

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Info on in what category articles should be placed:

 * Category structure

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Numerous templates exist, how to find them and how to use them:

 * Template list

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How to know if an article should be on Wikipedia or not:
 * WP:GNG Wikipedia's general notability guideline
 * Notability guideline for players sport-specific guideline
 * Leagues that are fully professional to confer player and coach notability
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 * Notability guidelines for leagues (WikiProject guideline)

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The Assessment department focuses on assessing the quality of Wikipedia's Association football related articles.

The proportion of all articles with an assessed project banner is:

The proportion of all articles with known importance is:

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For a list of recently created football articles, see:
 * New articles

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 * Follow this link to go to the specific section of Requested articles that lists the requested articles for football.

Articles currently under a review
This section lists those articles that are currently undergoing Peer review or are currently featured content candidates. Current good article candidates can be found on the good article nominations page under the Sports subheading.

Recognised content
Some of the articles supported by WikiProject Football have reached featured article or featured list status (FA and FL, respectively), meaning they are amongst the very best content in Wikipedia. They are listed below; a bold title indicates the article was "today's featured article" or "today's featured list" for the date listed. Also included here are articles that are featured article candidates (FAC) that failed, those that have undergone peer review (PR) as part of an effort to get them to FA status, and those that have achieved good article (GA) status, the next-highest level of quality.

Previously reviewed articles
This section lists articles that have gone through an external peer review. This includes articles that have been through a peer review, or a featured article or featured list nomination but were deemed to have failed to meet the criteria at the time. It also lists those articles were previously featured but subsequently de-listed due to a featured article review.

Vital articles
Some of the articles supported by WikiProject Football have been selected as Wikipedia's "vital articles". They are listed here.

Similar WikiProjects
For other WikiProjects on other forms of football, see:
 * WikiProject Australian Football League (Australian rules football)
 * WikiProject American football (American football)
 * WikiProject College football (American college football)
 * WikiProject National Football League (gridiron football)
 * WikiProject Rugby (rugby football)
 * WikiProject Rugby league (rugby league)
 * WikiProject Rugby union (rugby union)

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Football