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The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)

The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged) (also known as The Compleat Wrks of Wllm Shkspr (Abridged)) is a play written by Adam Long, Daniel Singer, and Jess Winfield. It parodies the plays of William Shakespeare with all of them being performed in comically shortened or merged form by only three actors. Typically, the actors use their real names and play themselves rather than specific characters.

Overview
The fourth wall is nonexistent in the performance, with the actors speaking directly to the audience during much of the play, and some scenes involve audience participation. The director and stage crew may also be directly involved in the performance and become characters themselves.

The script contains many humorous footnotes on the text that are often not included in the performance. However, improvisation plays an important role and it is normal for the actors to deviate from the script and have spontaneous conversations about the material with each other or the audience. It is also common for them to make references to pop culture or to talk about local people and places in the area where the play is being performed. Also, the authors' notes strongly encourage performers to update outdated references and jokes so that the material doesn't come off as out of touch. As a result, performances differ, even with the same cast.

History
The writers, Long, Singer, and Winfield—founding members of the Reduced Shakespeare Company—performed a "reduced" version of Hamlet at the Renaissance Pleasure Faire in Novato, California in the early 1980s. They presented an expanded version including Shakespeare's other plays at Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1987, and later at the Criterion Theatre in London, where it ran for nine years.

Synopsis
The three actors introduce themselves to the audience, the first (Daniel Singer) reminding the audience not to record the show, the second (Jess Winfield) giving a speech about how unappreciated William Shakespeare is and the third (Adam Long) giving a biography of Shakespeare mixed up with Adolf Hitler.

They begin with a parody of Romeo and Juliet. Next, they caricature Titus Andronicus as a cooking show. Following that is Othello done as a rap song. The rest of the first act summarizes most of the other plays. All the comedies are combined into one convoluted reading (the justification being that they all recycle the same plot devices anyway). The histories are portrayed as an American football game with the British Crown as the football (or as a soccer match in at least one German production, or an Australian Rules football game in an Australian production). Julius Caesar is shortened to his death, followed immediately by a brief Antony and Cleopatra, and Macbeth abridged to one duel while explaining all about ketchup and mustard and other elements (witches, Macbeth's downfall, etc.) in poor Scottish accents. There is also a failed attempt at scholarly discussion of the Shakespeare Apocrypha.

At the end of the act, the characters realise that they forgot to perform Coriolanus which Adam refuses due to the vulgarity of the title, and also Hamlet, Shakespeare's epitome. Adam becomes nervous and petulant about performing the famous and difficult play, so he runs around the theatre and out the door chased by Jess. Daniel is left alone to improvise before calling for intermission.

After the intermission, Jess and Adam return, saving Daniel from having to cover the sonnets by writing them down on a 3x5 card and passing it around the audience. Adam is convinced to continue with the performance. The entire second act comprises Hamlet. The audience gets involved during this segment when one audience member is asked to portray Ophelia for the Nunnery Scene. The rest of the audience makes up Ophelia's subconscious, divided into three sections representing her ego, superego, and id. After the performance of Hamlet, the actors repeat it several times increasing their speed of delivery, and finish by reciting it backwards.


text:
Talk:Navistar

Why I removed two sections
When you fill out a stub for an article about a company, write something interesting or useful about the company. "Interesting or useful" might include their history, the people who run the place, their important, and similar stuff. "Interesting or useful" does not include long lists of products made by one of their subsidiaries or lists of competing companies. Isaac R 06:18, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Locations
60 dealers in 90 countries? I don't think that is right, unless the dealers are built on the border and have a door in each country. I'm not saying those stats are completely wrong, they probably just need to be restated.

 * There are many more than 60 dealerships, I believe that there are 62 countries in which these dealerships are located. From internationaldeilvers.com - "With nearly 1,000 dealer locations in North America,"

Removed something
Right after the part about International trucks being made by Budget Rental Company was something about how Ford, GM, and Isuzu also have contracts.

So what? To me, that looks like some kind of advertising gimick, like a "us too!" approach. This page is about Navistar International, there is little reason to post information about other companies other than ones Navistar is directly involved with in some manner.

Scryer_360 18:56, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

History section attention
As is, the section dedicated toward's Navistar's history is too long and could be better divided into several sub-sections. This would help divide up content while allowing room for expansion where there may need to be more added. One long section makes it too hard to make changes. --SteveCof00 (talk) 09:21, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Page re-format explanation
As it was previously written, the History section was not well-organized chronologically. I felt there needed to be a way to better highlight things.

 * I created a sub-section just for the company's joint ventures, as they could have enough space on their own.

 * Also, as it's something I'm familiar enough with, I added in content about Navistar's role in the bus industry (this is just a start); the company has significant ties there.

 * As the content about the XT pickups was a "little" out of date (they have been out of production for 2 years now, and it was written like they were still for sale), I changed that oversight and expanded on their space here.

The subsection dealing with the present-day company will need a little work on its content; there's quite a lot of room to fill in. This is just the start, however. --SteveCof00 (talk) 09:46, 8 July 2010 (UTC)
 * More changes As the images currently featured in the article's history section did not really contribute, I created a separate section for them.  One addition I am suggesting sometime in the future is the Navistar "red-diamond" logo...it can be featured in the infobox along with the Navistar logo (or in the lead-in section).--SteveCof00 (talk) 05:33, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

Workmaster trucks & truck bodies?
Doesn't Navistar own Workmaster now? I saw mention of in the Nov/Dec issue of "Red Power" magazine. There's nothing in the article about this acquisition or division. Scalhotrod - Just your average banjo playing, drag racing, cowboy... (talk) 03:31, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Pardon me, its WorkHORSE not Workmaster. My apologies for the incorrect reference. The "Red Power" magazine article was incorrect. --Scalhotrod - Just your average banjo playing, drag racing, cowboy... (talk) 16:55, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

I found a citable reference from Heavy Duty Trucking magazine and added some verbiage. I hope no one objects to it. --Scalhotrod - Just your average banjo playing, drag racing, cowboy... (talk) 18:57, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

Furthermore, through the Workhorse subsidiary, Navistar in 2009 acquired Monaco Motor Coach and continues to market the brand (see the Monaco Motor Coach Wikipedia entry). This article should mention that acquisition, but I don't know enough about corporate maneuvering to write it up (wkemp 5/8/2013). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.163.66.192 (talk) 15:18, 9 May 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080630211318/http://biz.yahoo.com:80/ap/080627/navistar_filings.html?.v=1 to http://biz.yahoo.com/ap/080627/navistar_filings.html?.v=1
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20141206041226/http://www.journalgazette.net/article/20121028/BIZ/310289967 to http://www.journalgazette.net/article/20121028/BIZ/310289967

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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Navistar International. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20101231170214/http://www.icbus.com/ICBus/Buses/Motorcoach/ to http://www.icbus.com/ICBus/Buses/Motorcoach/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20151025180835/http://www.motorindiaonline.com/2008/09/mahindra-international-is-now-mahindra.html to http://www.motorindiaonline.com/2008/09/mahindra-international-is-now-mahindra.html

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External links modified
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Removed sentence
I removed this sentence: "In 2005, the 6.0L ripped the tires any truck you put that engine in." from the fourth paragraph of the "1990s-early 2000s: Rediversification" section. I have no idea what it's supposed to be saying, but it didn't sound like it belonged at all. If it was meant to mean anything, here it is saved for posterity to be re-written. --97.77.48.12 (talk) 07:55, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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Explanation of reconstruction
Things have been modified to the page structure and I want to explain a bit. To a point, a few content items were overtaking the overall content of the history section and needed to be re-grouped (parts about Navistar Defense, engine strategy, and accounting issues); the section made no chronological sense whatsoever and needed to be restructured. While the article still has a long way to go (in terms of improvement), there is now a better starting point to work from. --SteveCof00 (talk) 09:19, 22 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I haven't looked at it yet, but can I only imagine that it's an improvement. Best,  Mr.choppers |   ✎  13:06, 22 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Yep, better.  Mr.choppers |   ✎  13:08, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

Article split for Navistar Defense
Simply put, this content has taken on a life of its own within the article and is in need of its own space. In terms of noteworthiness, there are already separate articles for several Navistar subsidiaries, including MWM International Motores (Brazilian diesel manufacturer), AmTran and IC Bus (Navistar school bus manufacturers, past and present). A split would serve a dual purpose of allowing this content to thrive on its own basis and clean up the primary article of the parent company. --SteveCof00 (talk) 10:36, 15 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Support, per nom. JackFromReedsburg (talk | contribs) 23:53, 12 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Support, per nom. Eight.valve (talk | contribs) 11:31, 14 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Support, per nom. Lectrician2 (talk) 14:11, 6 December 2021 (UTC)

15 Jan 2023
I believe in general: S was Medium and Heavy-duty local/short highway. Navistar improved medium-duty 1900 to 4000 and added heavy-duty 8000. "New Generation Vehicles" (2001- ) evolved bigger/better. MD 1900/4000 < NGV 4000/DuraStar/MV. HD 2500/2600/8000 < NGV 7000/WorkStar/HV, ProStar/RH/L. "New not NGV" Severe service Paystar 5000i < new 5000i/PayStar/HX and highway 9000i < new 9000i shared old then new aluminum cab. Sammy D III (talk) 22:02, 15 January 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Navistar


text:
Talk:Upper Darby School District

Untitled
GFDL Compliance Notice: This article contains data merged from Upper Darby High School prior to redirecting that link here. -- Un focused 06:18, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Fix District URL
Would it be kosher to fix the link pointing to the district website? I'm the staff web-master for UDSD. We're trying to move everything over from udsd.k12.pa.us to upperdarbysd.org. While both domains go to the same server, the .ORG domain is considered more "proper" and someday official support of the k12.pa.us domain might be lost. Knippschild 16:49, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

Spanish name
http://www.magellanofpa.com/media/491841/ell_fair_spanish_9-14-2013.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/6LIr7BYWi - uses "Distrito Escolar Upper Darby" WhisperToMe (talk) 20:27, 21 November 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Upper Darby School District


text:
1938 Chilean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Chile on 25 October 1938. The result was a narrow victory for Pedro Aguirre Cerda of the Radical Party, who received 50.5% of the vote.

Electoral system
The election was held using the absolute majority system, under which a candidate had to receive over 50% of the popular vote to be elected. If no candidate received over 50% of the vote, both houses of the National Congress would come together to vote on the two candidates that received the most votes.

title: 1938 Chilean presidential election


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Negative Zone

The Negative Zone is a fictional setting, an antimatter universe appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The location is depicted in various publications from Marvel, most frequently in Fantastic Four and Captain Marvel. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, it first appeared in Fantastic Four #51 (June 1966).

Fictional description
The Negative Zone in the Marvel Universe is used as a fictional universe parallel to Earth's. While the universes are similar in many respects they are different in that: all matter in the Negative Zone is negatively charged; the Negative Zone is entirely filled with a pressurized, breathable atmosphere; and near the center of the Negative Zone is a deadly vortex of unspeakable power. Since the Negative Zone is largely uninhabited, several would-be conquerors have attempted to bridge the gap to Earth and take over its population. A few notable residents of the Negative Zone include Blastaar and Annihilus.

The Negative Zone is often visited by the Fantastic Four as Mister Fantastic discovered it, and has mapped portions of it extensively. The Age of Apocalypse version of Blink also visited it once, which proved that there's only one Negative Zone, as Annihilus remembered the Fantastic Four even though they never existed in the Age of Apocalypse.

For a number of years, Captain Mar-Vell and Rick Jones were bonded to each other, causing one of them to exist in the Negative Zone while the other would exist in the regular universe. They exchanged places by clasping the special bracelets each wore or automatically after a few hours.

Spider-Man has also visited the Negative Zone, and acquired a costume that allowed him to merge with shadows and become practically invisible. When he was framed by Norman Osborn a few weeks later, he used the costume to become the dark, mysterious Dusk (one of his four new superhero identities during the Identity Crisis story arc). A few months later after Spider-Man's name was cleared, Cassie St. Commons was given the guise of Dusk and joined the Slingers. Cletus Kasady also visited the Negative Zone, finding and bonding with a symbiote there, as he had lost the original Carnage symbiote when Venom absorbed it into his own symbiote.

History
The earliest origins of the Negative Zone and its culture have not been revealed, but rough estimates place its height of science and art over 1.5 million years ago, nearly coinciding with the rise of the Skrull and Kree races. It is believed that around that time the Negative Zone ceased expanding and began its "Big Crunch", contracting toward a central nexus. Some of the most powerful and influential races thereby faced destruction and sought to preserve their lives.

One of the more aggressive races at this time were the Tyannans. The lion-like bipeds explored much of the Negative Zone and eventually began to seed many of the planets, including Baluur, with their "spores of life". However, their final mission went awry.

A debris field had begun forming around Tyanna, which was at the very heart of the Negative Zone. The Big Crunch had begun pulling the universe back towards its center and planets crumbled under the increased pressure. One of the last remaining Tyannan ships careened off a large chunk of rock and crashed on the desolate planet of Arthros. The ship's engines dead and food processors destroyed, the Tyannan captain ordered the release of their life spores. Life slowly began to evolve on the planet, much as it did on Earth.

Farther from the core of the Negative Zone, other cultures thrived. One culture had gone so far as to cover half of their planet with a giant city, and then developed an artificial brain for it. The city, Ootah, even began to develop a sense of self-preservation and drove the inhabitants out of its boundaries, building up greater defenses to prevent them from returning.

Farther still from the core, the world of Kestor also flourished. It was the first recorded world beyond Tyanna that faced obliteration at the hands of the Big Crunch, roughly 10,000 years ago. Unlike Tyanna, whose gravitational force became greater than could sustain life, Kestor's sun was pulled toward the nexus. This caused the planet's several moons to shift their respective orbits and wreak havoc on the planet itself. As 20,000 beings left Kestor in a great space ark, the sun exploded with the fury of a supernova, substantially damaging their ship. All but 500 of the crew died and the navigational systems were destroyed, eliminating all hope of finding a new planet to call home.

One of the planets the Tyannans spored, Baluur, developed in a more barbarous manner. The inhabitants grew very large and powerful, and even the meek among them were stronger than an ordinary human. While they did progress technologically, their advances were at least partially driven by war. But they apparently began to experience the effects of the Big Crunch and several millennia ago they took their cities underneath the planet's surface. A sole entrance exists and is known only to the Baluurians themselves. They established a quiet monarchy and became very reclusive, only venturing into space on rare occasions.

Sentient life eventually developed on Arthros. A lone insect-like creature emerged from the primordial marsh one thousand years ago, and began to reason. A frail creature, he used his superior intellect to avoid larger predators and soon stumbled upon the Tyannan's derelict ship. Inside the craft, he donned a helmet in an attempt to warm himself. The helmet in fact had recordings of all the Tyannan technology and culture, and the creature was deftly able to assimilate all of it. He took the power from discarded life canisters and created a Cosmic Control Rod, capable of granting the wielder great power. Taking the name Annihilus, he set out to not only right those who wronged him, but to ensure that no one should ever harm him again.

While Annihilus forcibly took control of his immediate sector of space, a king rose to prominence on Baluur. Blastaar was a ruthless and powerful leader who sought to expand Baluurian domain. The other Baluurians feared him and were eventually able to depose him by sedating him heavily and sending him to what they hoped would be his destruction in the center of the Negative Zone.

While searching for a way to travel through sub-space, Reed Richards stumbled upon a gateway to the Negative Zone. He spent a fair amount of time studying it through probes, and determined that it was largely unpopulated. So much so, in fact, that he—and others—used the Negative Zone on several occasions to get rid of difficult enemies, such as the Mad Thinker's android, the Super-Adaptoid, and even Galactus. Reed and the Fantastic Four have since done more detailed explorations of the Zone and no longer use it to dispose of villains.

For some time, the Norse realm of Asgard was lost in the Negative Zone.

In the Super-Hero Civil War, a group of heroes led by Iron Man, Mister Fantastic and Yellowjacket have created a massive prison in the Negative Zone (similar to the Vault) to house captured non-registering heroes as they wait for their trials. It is designated Negative Zone Prison Alpha but nicknamed Fantasy Island by inmates. Tony Stark himself named it "Project 42", as it had been the 42nd idea out of a hundred that he, Reed Richards and Hank Pym had created following the Stamford Disaster. There are portals to it planned for every single state so prisoners can be transported there by the different teams in the Fifty State Initiative- including one at Ryker's Island. It is very clean, with sanitation, but extremely heavily guarded, including password-changes every ten minutes. Its most notable former inmates were Iron Fist (posing as Daredevil at the time), Cloak and Dagger, Speedball, Prodigy and Prowler. It is also the setting for the final battle of the super hero civil war, as Iron Man lays a trap for Captain America but the Captain retaliates by using his planted mole, Hulkling, to release all the prisoners of 42 who come to his aid. Though in the ensuing battle Cloak manages to teleport all its superhuman detainees out, it remains as a prison for villains such as Lady Deathstrike and Taskmaster. (Taskmaster was later released to become the trainer for new Initiative recruits and Deathstrike seemingly escapes to assist in the Purifiers crusade during the Messiah Complex.) It also holds many of the Sakaaran forces from World War Hulk.

In the one-shot Civil War: The Return, the Prison's warden was revealed as the first Captain Marvel, apparently back from the dead. Although he was later revealed as a Skrull sleeper agent named Khn'nr, whose conditioning was so strong he kept believing he was the Captain even after he had realized he really was not.

In the Secret Invasion: Fantastic Four limited series, the Skrull warrior Lyja (posing as Susan Richards) sends the Baxter Building into the Negative Zone. She reveals herself to Johnny Storm (her former spouse) and attacks him, feeling angry that he had forgotten her. During the course of their battle, Johnny saves Lyja from being hit by a police car, pulled in through the portal. The two reconcile after that, but a Negative Zone creature attacks them. They manage to defeat the creature, but Lyja passes out from her injuries. A bit later, when the "new" Fantastic Four fly off to the prison, Franklin and Valeria are grabbed by Negative Zone creatures, but Lyja saves them. Later when Ben, Johnny, Franklin, Val and the Tinkerer are ready to leave the Negative Zone she refuses to leave, because she wants to find out who she is.

After the events of Secret Invasion, the inmates of the prison took control of the facility after their correction officers abandoned the prison. Blastaar later overrun the prison during the prelude to the War of Kings story arc.

The Negative Zone is used to dispose of Earth-616's Galactus when he is accidentally transferred to the Ultimate Marvel universe due to the temporal distortions caused by the events of Age of Ultron. The heroes of the Ultimate Marvel universe reasoned that Galactus will starve to death in the Negative Zone because it is a universe made of antimatter and Galactus would not have anything to eat there.

During the Annihilation storyline, the Negative Zone is later visited by the Sentry, who is struggling to understand his new state of self and find a way to separate himself from the Void. Upon soaking up the negative cosmic rays, the Sentry is able to separate himself from the Void but is left in the powerless form of Bob Reynolds. The Void was then drawn to the Cancerverse realm, where nothing could die, and impersonating and taking on the appearance of the Sentry, the Void became the new leader of its forces. He then led them back to the Negative Zone, forcing longtime enemies Blastaar and Annihilus to team up against them to prevent the Negative Zone kingdoms from being ravaged by the Undying Ones. Led by the Revengers, an ever-growing army of zombie-esque drones slaughter and infect their way from world to world giving no quarter as they leave destruction in their wake. As their desperate attempt to defend their domain fails, both rulers discover in the process that the Void is planning to conquer the Negative Zone and its denizens before returning to his own universe to spread the Cancerverse's infection even further. Annihilus then crosses into the positive matter universe to seek assistance, only to land right in the lap of Richard Ryder the last Nova, however, the past trauma at the hands of the Cancerverse, caused Ryder to flee, leaving Annihilus at the mercy of his enemies. The Void then attempt to cross over into the positive Universe, but was stopped by Beta Ray Bill and Lockjaw, with Beta Ray Bill forced to sacrifice his magical hammer, Stormbreaker, in the process.

Squirrel Girl later banished her clone Allene and her squirrels to the Negative Zone. They later settled on one of the planets which they established as Squirreltopia 5000.

Silk later visited the Negative Zone with Fact Channel News members Lola and Rafferty to find her parents Albert Moon Sr. and Nari Moon. They befriend a dragon named David where they find that Nari has been operating as the Red King who leads the Knights Gheva and Albert Moon Sr. is a prisoner of Ash King. Silk rescued her parents and the five of them returned to Earth.

The Crossroads of Infinity
Initially, it was generally believed that getting caught in the gravitational pull of the vortex at the center of the Zone meant certain death. However, some theorized that if one could survive entry into the vortex, one could travel to another dimension. However, this was only a theory until Doctor Doom gambled the lives of the Fantastic Four to prove it. Once inside the so-called Crossroads, individuals flip through a series of other parallel dimensions while progressing through. Coming to a halt seems to stabilize the Crossroads and then allows movement in the universe arrived in.

However, it still remains a risky trip for a number of reasons. First and foremost is the expenditure of energy necessary to keep from imploding. On one occasion, it required the use of both Annihilus' Cosmic Control Rod and the Invisible Woman's force field to stave off death. Second, and almost equally important, is the lack of control one has while passing through different dimensions. Even with the precise calculations of Dr. Doom, it required several hops to reach the dimension he sought.

Staying on a straight course to the very heart of the Crossroads leads one to Tyanna. Although it was believed to have been destroyed centuries earlier, the Tyannans' technology proved capable of sustaining them within the center of the vortex. Using their advanced machines, they were able to modify their bodies to exist safely in the immense pressures, but at the cost of being forced to remain hidden within the Crossroads. The Tyannans remain there, content to pursue their scientific interests.

The Distortion Area
Beings normally enter the Negative Zone through the Distortion Area. This is an invisible sphere of energy that resides in the Negative Zone but is accessible from many parts of Earth. By hitting the field with a precise wavelength of energy, a rift opens between both dimensions connected by the Distortion Area. This area acts as a buffer between the two polar opposite universes and alters a traveler's own polarity so that they may exist in the other dimension without harm.

When activated, the Distortion Area appears from the outside as a crackling energy source roughly six feet in circumference. This effect only lasts as long as the field is activated and, once closed, becomes invisible again. Nearby matter is sucked into the near-vacuum of the Distortion Area and "falls" for about 50 seconds before emerging on the other side.

The Distortion Area itself is nothing short of indescribable. Humans cannot begin to accurately fathom or record what transpires within the Distortion Area and travelers' minds try to compensate with a bizarre display of light and color. Combined with the natural turbulence in the area, many find the trip rather nauseating.

Like any other mode of transport, choosing where to enter the Distortion Area in part affects where an individual is deposited on the other side. Reed Richards' former lab in the Baxter Building, for example, deposited someone at the outskirts of the Debris Field near Arthros. A rift opened on Yancy Street, however, dropped a traveler on the planet Tarsuu.

Other methods may be employed to reach the Negative Zone but, while they tend to be more spatially accurate, they are very difficult to come by. Generally, this mode of transport is reserved by extremely powerful entities like Thor, the Supreme Intelligence, Galactus and the Watchers. Captain Mar-Vell's Nega-Bands could also transport the wearer to the Negative Zone but the precise destination was dependent upon the location of the Nega-Band's counterparts worn by Rick Jones.

Emotions
One of the rather undocumented side-effects the Negative Zone has on people seems to involve bringing forth what are usually considered negative emotions. At this point, it is difficult to determine the cause of this unusual phenomenon, but a number of dealings with the Negative Zone have given the impression that something inherent within it can lead to emotional distress.

The severity of this distress can vary greatly. On a few occasions, it has manifested itself as a citywide panic. Other times, it merely caused a single person to temporarily lose their hope. Still other times, it caused several individuals to experience emotionally charged flashbacks, pulled from their subconscious. And, although it could be attributed to his psyche, Annihilus' main motivation is an obsessive fear of death.

Not all inhabitants of the Negative Zone experience anything beyond normal anxieties, but the number of known instances of unusual psychological distress seems rather high. Visitors to the Zone may or may not experience anything emotionally disturbing. While there is no concrete evidence to show the correlation the Negative Zone has with emotional discord, it remains a significant feature of the region.

Life
As mentioned previously, the Negative Zone was originally thought to be largely uninhabited. Though this is now known to be incorrect, life having arisen on a number of its planets, the Zone is still mostly unoccupied space. Most of the encounters heroes have had with the Negative Zone revolve around Annihilus and/or Blastaar.

Curiously, for as little life as there exists in the Negative Zone, it is very capable of supporting life. There, outer space itself is permeated with an oxygen-rich atmosphere, closely approximating Earth's. Consequently, humans can exist peacefully in space without the need for cumbersome pressure suits or oxygen masks.

It is perhaps an issue of gravitational pull that is one of the biggest hindrances to life in the Negative Zone. While all objects of reasonably sized mass (planets, moons, asteroids, etc.) obviously have their own gravitational pull, it is weak enough to be overcome with minimal effort. Most heroes with flight capabilities can escape a planet's gravitational field with ease, as can any machine with the capacity for flight. Because of this lowered gravity, it is believed that vegetation has difficulty seeding properly, giving life a tenuous foothold at best on any given planet.

Moisture also seems to be an issue in the dearth of life in the Negative Zone. While each planet has hardly been explored in full, many of the ones studied—including those that are inhabited—have shown few, if any, natural water sources. Most planets appear to be very arid, with cultures adapting to the lack of moisture much as was done on Earth's deserts.

Time
Being a different dimension with different laws of physics, time flows differently in the Negative Zone than it does on Earth. Although a comprehensive analysis has never been completed, preliminary findings suggest that two weeks pass in the Negative Zone for every hour on Earth, making a 336:1 ratio. On a smaller scale, every minute on Earth is a little over five and half hours in the Negative Zone.

It seems, however, that this ratio changes as one approaches the center of the Negative Zone. Since there have been several instances of pan-dimensional conversations between the two planes, it appears the time ratio is much closer to 1:1 when one is at the nexus of the Negative Zone. It is currently unclear at what rate the time difference increases as one moves away from the vortex or if there is an upper limit to how great the difference between the two universes can become.

Planets
The Negative Zone includes the following planets:

 * Argor – A planet that is home to the Argorans.
 * Arthros – A planet that is home to Annihilus and the Arthosians (a race of insectoids).
 * Baluur – A planet that is home to Blastaar.
 * Kestor – A planet that was destroyed causing the Kestorians to become nomads.
 * Squirreltopia 5000 - A planet that is settled on by Allene Green (a clone of Squirrel Girl) and her loyal squirrels.
 * Tarsuu –
 * Tyanna – A planet that is home to the Tyannans (a race of lion-like aliens). Tyanna is located at the Crossroads of Infinity. The Tyannan scientists genetically engineered a spore that could be scattered over an uninhabited planet's surface where they can grow into new plants and animals. This terraforming made the planet habitable.

Other versions
In the Blink miniseries, it is established that there is in fact only one Negative Zone in the multiverse of Marvel Universe, with exit points to different realities and timelines, as the Blink from the Age of Apocalypse found herself in a Negative Zone that still remembered the Fantastic Four's role in defeating Annihilus despite the fact that the team never existed in her world. This goes along with the Mutant X Universe, where Havok tried to get back from the Mutant X-verse to the main Marvel earth by a detour through the Negative Zone. Additionally both Rikki Barnes and Onslaught traveled from the Pocket Universe of Heroes Reborn to the mainstream Marvel Universe through the Negative Zone. During the Cataclysm event it is again established that there is in fact only one Negative Zone in the multiverse of Marvel Universe, with exit points to different realities and timelines, as the Ultimate Marvel heroes, after a brief trip to Earth-616 to acquire local information on Galactus, eventually manage to send Galactus to the Negative Zone, reasoning that he will eventually starve to death because Negative Zone is made of anti-matter, however, following an incident on Earth 616 where the Eternal known as Ikaris is brainwashed by a Kree device called the God's Whisper, the Eternals retrieve, with help from Aarkus, the comatose Galactus from the Negative Zone, and state that they plan to use the God's Whisper to unleash him upon the Kree when he awakens as revenge for what they did to Ikaris.

Ultimate Marvel (The N-Zone)
The Ultimate Marvel equivalent of the Negative Zone was originally called the N-Zone, a zone that exists directly below the Ultimate Marvel universe. It is tied to the powers granted to the Fantastic Four and is the homeplace of the Ultimate Fantastic Four villain Nihil. The N-Zone is a universe in the later stages of entropic heat death, with less than a million years of existence left to it. There are few stars still burning, mostly long-lived red dwarf stars, and despite the advanced technology of many races, life barely maintains a toehold on its existence. Space is also apparently foreshortened in this universe, with the Fantastic Four's shuttle Awesome achieving speeds that would be impossible in our own universe. It has an atmosphere that is lethally acidic to humans and the Ultimate Fantastic Four, with the exception of the Thing, required space suits to live.

Later it was reckoned that the N-Zone is one of many other zones, labeled with letters (e.g. the Z-Zone and the Q-Zone) implying that the N is merely a categorization, not a shortening of the word "negative" therefore no longer connected to the Negative Zone. A proper Negative Zone was eventually introduced in the Ultimate Marvel where The Ultimates confront Reed Richards.

Heroes Reborn (2021)
In an alternate reality depicted in the 2021 "Heroes Reborn" miniseries, the Negative Zone is used by the Squadron Supreme of America to imprison Earth's most dangerous villains, such as General Annihilus, Doctor Juggernaut, the Hulk, Mister Beyonder, Namor, and Hank Pym / Ultron.

Television

 * The Negative Zone appears in the Fantastic Four (1994) episode "Behold the Negative Zone".
 * In a scripted, but unproduced episode of Silver Surfer titled "Down to Earth", Reed Richards uses the Negative Zone as a means to contain Terrax.
 * The Negative Zone appears in Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes. This version is inhabited by various serpentine and insectoid creatures and serves as a nexus to other universes.
 * The Negative Zone appears in the Iron Man: Armored Adventures episode "The Makluan Invasion". This version is a dark, empty void.
 * The Negative Zone appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes.
 * The Negative Zone appears in Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H..

Film
In the original script for Fantastic Four (2015), the Negative Zone was depicted as a planet home to an ancient alien civilization that was destroyed by Galactus. However, after re-shoots and edits, the Negative Zone was renamed Planet Zero, and reworked into a planet with a cracked landscape and unstable energy that becomes the source of the titular characters' and Victor von Doom's mutations.

Video games

 * The Negative Zone appears in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2. It contains "Prison 42", a prison for unregistered heroes and nanite-controlled supervillains, and where the Fold first becomes active before Nick Fury destroyed it to keep the Fold from invading Earth.
 * The Negative Zone appears in Marvel Super Hero Squad: The Infinity Gauntlet.

title: Negative Zone


text: User talk:69.173.26.28

title: User talk:69.173.26.28


text:
User talk:Kimdo

Welcome
Good morning, cheers, and welcome to Wikipedia! Its always a pleasure to have another editor start up — can never have too many good editors.

Some useful stuff/Things to remember:
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * Opentasks — These are important things that aren't getting done. We need your help with them.
 * Tutorial — What you need to know about editing pages.
 * Test area — If you need to test an edit but don't want to do it on an article.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * As you mature as an editor, the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines will become more important.
 * Always Always Always try to maintain a Neutral point of view when you're editing.
 * Try not to be anonymous. Sign your posts (like I did this one), by using the tilde '~' symbol.  Three tildes (~~~) leaves your username, four (~~~~) leaves your username, plus the timestamp.
 * Be bold in editing pages.
 * A happy editor is an excellent editor. Enjoy yourself!

Cheers, →Ingoolemo←   talk  06:21, 2005 Jun 7 (UTC)

Islamist terrorism
I realise that you think that the article should be placed at Islamic terrorism, but please understand that there has been a significant amount of discussion on this topic, and there is strong support to leave the article at Islamist terrorism. If you wish to dispute this, please do so at Talk:Islamist terrorism, and cease revert-warring at Islamic terrorism. I would like to point out Wikipedia's three revert rule, which states that any user that reverts an article more than three times in 24 hours can be blocked from editing automatically. Please do not revert further. Thank you, →Ingoolemo←   talk  06:21, 2005 Jun 7 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kimdo


text: User talk:71.98.81.79

title: User talk:71.98.81.79


text:
Priscila Uppal

Priscila Uppal FRSC (October 30, 1974 – September 5, 2018) was a Canadian poet, novelist, fiction writer, and playwright. Her poetry addressed various social issues regarding "women, violence, sexuality, culture, religion, illness and loss."

Personal life and career
Uppal was born in Ottawa, Ontario, she graduated from Hillcrest High School in 1993. She earned her Honours Bachelor of Arts from York University in 1997, a Master of Arts degree in English from the University of Toronto, and a Ph.D. from York University in 2004. Following graduation, she was a professor in the Department of English at York University in Toronto and taught literature and creative writing.

In 2007, her book of poetry Ontological Necessities was shortlisted for the Griffin Poetry Prize. Uppal's poetry collection Pretending to Die (2001) was shortlisted for the ReLit Award, and her memoir Projection: Encounters with My Runaway Mother was shortlisted for the Hilary Weston Writers' Trust Prize for Nonfiction in 2013. She served as the first poet-in-residence for the Rogers Cup Tennis Tournament in 2011. She was also the Olympic poet-in-residence at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games and the 2012 London Summer Olympics. As a result of her role as the poet-in-residence for the London Summer Olympics, she was dubbed "Canada's coolest poet" by Time Out London magazine. Uppal also became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2016.

Uppal died of synovial sarcoma on September 5, 2018 after being diagnosed with the disease three years prior.

Awards and honours
Uppal became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2016.

Poetry

 * How to Draw Blood From a Stone, Exile Editions, Ltd. 1998. ISBN 978-1-55096-230-7.
 * Confessions of a Fertility Expert, Exile Editions, Ltd. 1999. ISBN 978-1-55096-550-6.
 * Pretending to Die, Exile Editions, Ltd. 2001. ISBN 978-1-55096-519-3.
 * Live Coverage, Exile Editions, Ltd. 2003. ISBN 978-1-55096-571-1.
 * Cover Before Striking, Lyricalmyrical Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-9736588-4-2
 * Holocaust Dream, MacLaren Arts Centre, 2005, ISBN 978-0-9693555-9-5 (photographs by Daniel Ehrenworth)
 * Ontological Necessities, Exile Editions, Ltd. 2003. ISBN 978-1-55096-045-7.
 * Traumatology, Exile Editions, 2010, ISBN 978-1-55096-139-3
 * Winter Sport: Poems, Mansfield Press, 2010, ISBN 978-1-894469-49-4
 * Successful Tragedies, Bloodaxe Books, 2010, ISBN 978-1-85224-860-4

Fiction

 * The Divine Economy of Salvation, Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2002, ISBN 978-1-56512-365-6; Doubleday Canada, 2003, ISBN 978-0-385-65805-8
 * To Whom It May Concern, Doubleday Canada, 2009, ISBN 978-0-385-65993-2
 * Cover Before Striking, Dundurn Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1-459-72952-0

Non-fiction

 * We Are What We Mourn, McGill–Queen's University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7735-3456-8
 * Projection, Dundurn Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-77102-274-3

Anthologies (as editor)

 * The Exile Book of Canadian Sports Stories, Exile Editions, 2010, ISBN 978-1-55096-125-6
 * The Exile Book of Poetry in Translation: Twenty Canadian Poets Take on the World, Exile Editions, 2009, ISBN 978-1-55096-122-5
 * Barry Callaghan: Essays on his Works, Guernica, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55071-253-7
 * Uncommon Ground: A Celebration of Matt Cohen – 2002 (edited with Graeme Gibson, Wayne Grady, and Dennis Lee)
 * Red Silk: An Anthology of South Asian Canadian Women Poets, Mansfield Press, 2004, ISBN 978-1-894469-16-6 (edited with Rishma Dunlop)

Anthologies (as contributor)

 * Alphabet City 11: Trash
 * Body Language: A Head to Toe Anthology
 * Certain Things About My Mother: Daughters Speak
 * In the Dark: Stories from the Supernatural
 * Larger Than Life
 * Mentor's Canon: poems about / for / after writers
 * New Canadian Poetry
 * Writer's Gym

Plays

 * What Linda Said

title: Priscila Uppal


title: File:Redback1.jpg


text:
Talk:Counter-Enlightenment

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 29 August 2018 and 7 December 2018. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Mchen2019.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:33, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
This article can be improved. Please prep however with Dictionary of the History of Ideas: "The Counter-Enlightenment" before adding to this report of a movement in the history of ideas and keep to the subject. This is not an occasion for essay paragraphs justifying a Christian approach to rationalism. --Wetman 06:26, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This link is currently invalid --Mchen2019 (talk) 20:27, 29 November 2018 (UTC)
 * 'Wayback' archive of the link in question is available: Dictionary of the History of Ideas: "The Counter-Enlightenment" —Blanchette (talk) 20:22, 9 March 2021 (UTC)

Rousseau as the source of Counter-Enlightenment
The notion of Jean-Jacques Rousseau as the origin of the counter-enlightenment was suggested earlier than in 2003 with Garrard, viz. in The American Political Science Review, Vol 90, No. 2 (June 1996) by Arthur M. Melzer. The article is called 'The Origin of the Counter-Enlightenment: Rousseau and the New Religion of Sincerity'. Because of the earlier date I have given Melzer prominence over Garrard. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.66.192.177 (talk) 19:51, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

Graeme Garrard suggests in his book, Rousseau's Counter-Enlightemnet, that William R. Everdell was the first to place Rousseau as origin of the Counter-Enlightenment in his book Christian Apologetics in France, 1730-1790: The Roots of Romantic Religion (1987). Added this info about Oversell's contributions.Tmnh07 (talk) 01:26, 2 August 2016 (UTC)Tmnh07

Franco Lopez?
There is a situation at Franco Lopez (recently created by an anon, no sources cited) where someone claimed the article is a fake (indeed, it was deleted). I restored it, since the name existed as a red link in this article since its creation, adding the {{unsourced}} tag and a note about the situation on Talk:Franco Lopez. I did not find a reference to Lopez in the online sources for this article. Can someone take an interest in the situation? We did have a user recently who created some hoax articles, not all of which have been found yet. Demi T/C 23:47, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

 * It's a hoax, I've deleted it. DS 01:58, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I am not sure if it is a hoax. Although the deleted "Franco Lopez" article was a hoax, this name had been up for over 21 months (since the creation of the article). Perhaps Lopez is referenced in Berlin's book? --67.175.171.92, 21:26 11 December 2005 (UTC)

Horkheimer/Adorno
"The locus classicus of this view is Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno's "Dialectic of Enlightenment" (1947), which traces the degeneration of enlightenment from ancient Greece (epitomised by the cunning 'bourgeois' hero Odysseus) to twentieth century fascism. (Tellingly, they say nothing about communism, which is, for many liberal critics of the Enlightenment like Berlin and Jacob Talmon, directly descended from the rationalism of the philosophes)."

This is not entirely correct - at least Adorno included communist totalitarism into his critique of enlightenment in his later texts. I am not sure about the Dialectic of Enlightenment, but as far as I remember the Soviet Union was referenced in it too. I am sorry, I don't have my (german) copy of the book with me - could someone check this? I didn't want to change it since I don't have access to my library currently, so I can't source. Sorry if I made a mistake in formating, I am not used to Wikipedia. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 154.20.16.100 (talk) 12:27, 6 March 2007 (UTC).

Yeah, that didn't sound right to me, but I don't have a copy either to check. 81.106.196.126 00:09, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

"The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters"
Why is this here?70.20.106.127 (talk) 04:29, 10 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Oh I see, it's mentioned far down in the article, my bad.70.20.106.127 (talk) 04:38, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

Counter-Enlightenment
I doubt that there are any academic merits in the polemical phrase "counter-enlightenment" which implies an opposition to enlightenment. --Arebenti (talk) 22:49, 9 May 2011 (UTC)
 * What makes you say that? The bibliography in this article documenting the existence in the academic world of this concept is pretty extensive, and several important works could be added. --Saddhiyama (talk) 08:19, 10 May 2011 (UTC)

 * I'll take up this lack-of-academic-merit flag by pinpointing that there's no definition (as far as I can see) in the article. Surely, if one political philosopher coined the term, then it has a coherent definition somewhere? What is the theorized Counter-Enlightenment reaction reacting against? Using the intellect? Or against perceived flaws in the Enlightenment such as a perceived atheism? (The list "relativist, anti-rationalist, vitalist and organic" might serve as a starting ground of a definition, maybe, but it doesn't correlate to the Enlightenment itself.) Rursus dixit. ( m bork3 !) 06:54, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

Enemy of the Enlightenment
The phrase "enemy of the Enlightenment" is so loaded and negative. I don't believe in Enlightenment valuse but I'm not "enemy" of Enlightenment. Enlightenment is something that some people believe in. And I have different beliefs.

I think this article is being written by Enlightenment fanboys. So "the others" are "enemies." Such a shame...--95.10.95.52 (talk) 04:42, 25 April 2015 (UTC)

Silly
These thinkers are being presented prejudicially as monsters of unholy criminality and nastiness instead of the highly cultured, highly educated and often acutely reasonable people they were -

De Bonald, de Maistre and many of the individuals presented even used Enlightenment logic to very incisively contend the Enlightenment ideology itself, such was their rationality, even Baudelaire said de Maistre was a master of rationalistic argumentation...

Any objective historians around these parts...? Or just interested parties of Marxian bent intent on labeling all who do not fit into their theories as "unprogressive fascistic" etc. ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:304:B34B:A940:F051:AB0F:3A76:DE48 (talk) 19:09, 18 June 2015 (UTC)
 * I didn't see that in the article. <> Alt lys er svunnet hen (talk) 04:20, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

Contradictory Claims
"The first known use of the term in English was in 1908" "Although the term 'the Counter-Enlightenment' was first used in English (in passing) by William Barrett in a 1949 article" Lewis Goudy (talk) 19:33, 7 May 2017 (UTC)

Maladroit
The presentation is muddled in terms of whether it is an article about the thinkers of the counter-Enlightment proper or the 20th century exegeses of the former. Naturally it should cover both, but with more forethought in the arrangement of claims. Sennalen (talk) 03:31, 11 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Counter-Enlightenment


text:
Tai Lue language

Tai Lue (New Tai Lü:, Tai Tham: , kam tai lue, ) or Xishuangbanna Dai is a Tai language of the Lu people, spoken by about 700,000 people in Southeast Asia. This includes 280,000 people in China (Yunnan), 200,000 in Burma, 134,000 in Laos, 83,000 in Thailand and 4,960 in Vietnam. The language is similar to other Tai languages and is closely related to Kham Mueang or Tai Yuan, which is also known as Northern Thai language. In Yunnan, it is spoken in all of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, as well as Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County in Pu'er City.

In Vietnam, Tai Lue speakers are officially recognised as the Lự ethnic minority, although in China they are classified as part of the Dai people, along with speakers of the other Tai languages apart from Zhuang.

Phonology
Tai Lue has 21 syllable-initial consonants, 9 syllable-finals and six tones (three different tones in checked syllables, six in open syllables).

Initials
The initials - and - are palatalized before front vowels (which in the language are, , and ) and become and , respectively. For example, "hard" and  "ten" are pronounced as  and  respectively. (Some textbooks denote as ).

Vowels
Each vowel quality occurs in long-short pairs: these are distinct phonemes forming distinct words in Tai Lue.

Generally, vowels in open syllables (without codas) occur as long whereas ones in closed syllables are short (except and ).

Diphthongs
Additionally, Tai Lue uses several diphthongs:

Contrastive tones in unchecked syllables
The table below presents six phonemic tones in unchecked syllables, i.e. closed syllables ending in sonorant sounds such as, and and open syllables. There are six tones for unchecked syllables, although only three are allowed in checked syllables (those ending with -p, -t or -k).

Contrastive tones in checked syllables
The table below presents two phonemic tones in checked syllables, i.e. closed syllables ending in a glottal stop and obstruent sounds which are, and.

Syntax
Word order is usually subject–verb–object (SVO); modifiers (e.g. adjectives) follow nouns.

Vocabulary
As in Thai and Lao, Tai Lue has borrowed many Sanskrit and Pali words and affixes. Among the Tai languages in general, Tai Lue has limited intelligibility with Shan and Tai Nua and shares much vocabulary with, the other Southwestern Tai languages. Tai Lue has 95% lexical similarity with Northern Thai (Lanna), 86% with Central Thai, 93% with Shan, and 95% with Khun.

Below, some Thai Lue words are given with standard Central Thai equivalents for comparison. Thai words are shown on the left and Tai Lue words, written in New Tai Lue script, are shown on the right.

Different words
Many words differ from Thai greatly:
 * ยี่สิบ → ᨪᩣ᩠ᩅ (, twenty; cf. Lao: /sáːw/, Northern Thai: /sāw/)
 * พูด → ᩋᩪᩢ (, to speak; cf. Northern Thai: /ʔu᷇ː/)
 * พี่ชาย → ᩋᩢᩣ᩠ᨿ (, older brother; cf. Lao: /ʔâːj/, Northern Thai: /ʔa᷇ːj/)

Similar words
Some words differ in tone only:
 * หนึ่ง → ᨶ᩠ᨦᩧ᩵ (, one)
 * หก → ᩉᩫ᩠ᨠ (, six)
 * เจ็ด → ᨧᩮ᩠ᨯ (, seven)
 * สิบ → ᩈᩥ᩠ᨷ (, ten)
 * กิน → ᨠᩥ᩠ᨶ (, to eat)

Some words differ in a single sound and associated tone. In many words, the initial ร in Thai is ฮ  in Tai Lue, as is also the case in Lao and Tai Yuan:
 * ร้อน → ᩁᩢᩬᩁ (, hot; cf. Lao: /hɔ̂n/, Northern Thai: /hɔ́ːn/)
 * รัก → ᩁᩢ᩠ᨠ (, to love; cf. Lao: /hāk/, Northern Thai: /ha᷇k/)
 * รู้ → ᩁᩪᩢ (, to know; cf. Lao: /hûː/, Northern Thai: /húː/)

Aspirated consonants in the low-class consonant group(อักษรต่ำ ) become unaspirated:
 * เชียงราย → ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ (, Chiang Rai city and province)
 * คิด → ᨣᩧ᩠ᨯ (, to think; cf. Northern Thai: /kɯ́t/)
 * พ่อ → ᨻᩳ᩵ (, father; cf. Northern Thai: /pɔ̂ː/)
 * ทาง → ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ (, way; cf. Northern Thai: /tāːŋ/)

(Note that the vowels also differ greatly between Tai Lue and Thai in many words, even though they are etymologically related and share the same root.)

Though many aspirated consonants often become unaspirated, when an unaspirated consonant is followed by ร the unaspirated consonant becomes aspirated:
 * ประเทศ → ᨷᩕᨴᩮ᩠ᩆ (, country; cf. Northern Thai /pʰa.têːt/)

Other differences:
 * ให้ → ᩉᩨᩢ (, to give, let)

Writing systems
Tai Lue is written in three different scripts. One is the Fak Kham script, a variety of the Thai script of Sukhothai. The second is the Tham script, which was reformed in the 1950s, but is still in use and has recently regained government support. The new script is a simplified version of the old script.

Fak Kham
An ancient script, also used in Kengtung, Northern Thailand and Northern Laos centuries ago.

Tham
The Tham script is called 老傣文 lao dai wen (Old Dai script) in Chinese. Readable by the most people in Burma, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam.

New Tai Lue
New Tai Lue is a modernization of the Lanna alphabet (also known as the Tai Tham script), which is similar to the Thai alphabet, and consists of 42 initial consonant signs (21 high-tone class, 21 low-tone class), seven final consonant signs, 16 vowel signs, two tone letters and one vowel shortening letter (or syllable-final glottal stop). Vowels signs can be placed before or after the syllable initial consonant.

Similar to the Thai alphabet, the pronunciation of the tone of a syllable depends on the class the initial consonant belongs to, syllable structure and vowel length, and the tone mark.

Related varieties
The Bajia people (八甲人), who number 1,106 individuals in Mengkang Village (勐康村), Meng'a Town (勐阿镇), Menghai County, Yunnan, speak a language closely related to Tai Lue. There are 225 Bajia people living in Jingbo Township 景播乡, Menghai County (You 2013:270). The Bajia are also known as the Chinese Dai 汉傣.

title: Tai Lue language


text:
Watford High Street railway station

Watford High Street is a railway station in Watford, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. It is served by the Watford DC line on the London Overground network. It is the only station on the line's sole deviation from the West Coast Main Line.

History
The station was opened by the Watford and Rickmansworth Railway (W&RR) on 1 October 1862, with services running from Watford Junction to Rickmansworth (Church Street). In 1912 a branch was opened to Croxley Green. The line came under the ownership of London and North Western Railway (LNWR), which was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) in 1923, following the grouping of Britain's railway companies.

Additional rail services were introduced to Watford High Street; on 16 April 1917 the Underground Electric Railways Company of London extended its Bakerloo line through this station to Watford Junction, and in 1922 the LNWR completed the suburban Camden to Watford Junction New Line, linking Watford High Street to London Euston via the Watford DC Line (shared with the Bakerloo line).

After nationalisation in 1948, the Watford DC Line was run by British Rail (from 1986 under its Network SouthEast brand). At the height of operation around the 1950s, Watford High Street was served by the Bakerloo line, and by British Rail trains on both the Croxley Green and Rickmansworth branches, a local all-stations service to Euston and another local service to Broad Street via Primrose Hill. Over the years, most of these services were gradually withdrawn. The Rickmansworth branch was a poorly used service and passenger services were terminated by BR in 1952. Croxley Green services continued as Parliamentary trains until the line closed fully in 1996. On 24 September 1982, London Transport cut back the Bakerloo line to run only as far north as (reinstating the service as far as  in 1984). London Broad Street station was closed in 1986 and trains on the Primrose Hill route were diverted to Liverpool Street until 1992, when passenger services on the Primrose Hill line were withdrawn completely. After the withdrawal of the Croxley, Bakerloo and Broad Street routes, the only remaining service running from Watford High Street was British Rail's Watford DC Line to Euston.

Following the privatisation of British Rail the franchise for the Watford DC Line was taken over by National Express who ran the line under its Silverlink Metro name. In 2007 the line was brought under the control of Transport for London, who today operate it as part of the London Overground network; this service uses the 750 V DC lines for its all-stations local service with the 4th rail presently redundant except as part of the electrical return circuit.

Location
Watford High Street station is located in the Lower High Street in Watford town centre. In the immediate vicinity around the station are a number of retail and civic amenities including the Watford Museum, containing a gallery of fine art and displays of local heritage, and the 1.4 e6sqft atria Watford Shopping Centre (also known as the Harlequin Centre), the largest shopping centre in Hertfordshire, which attracts more than 17 million customers each year. Various other shopping parks are also close to the station, including a large Tesco Extra, Waterfields Shopping Park (containing large stores such as Sports Direct and Next), as well as many stores situated on the High Street.

Watford town centre has many popular bars and clubs, such as PRYZM; the only producing theatre in Hertfordshire, the Watford Palace Theatre; as well as numerous restaurants and cafes, both chain and independent.

To the east of the railway line is the site of Benskins Brewery, the office building for which is now Watford Museum. The brewery was rail-served by sidings until 1956. The station is situated in a deep cutting covered by a single platform canopy. The roof of the canopy is connected to the concrete sided cutting by ornamental metal trusses.

Services
All services to this station are operated by London Overground. It is on the Watford DC line of the network and operates with a frequency of 4 trains per hour, approximately every 15 minutes Monday to Sunday.

Connections
The station is served by local Routes 8, 142, 258, 306, 306B, 306C, 398, 602, W19 and W20.

Other services to alternate destinations operate from Watford town centre bus stops, which are a short distance from the station.

Future
In 2011, a project to extend the London Underground's Metropolitan line to Watford Junction was announced. The planned Croxley Rail Link would have diverted the Metropolitan line branch across the town along a reinstated stretch of disused track of the former Watford and Rickmansworth Railway; the link would then have joined the Watford DC Line just south of Watford High Street, and Underground trains would have shared track with London Overground through to Watford Junction. The scheme was cancelled in 2018 due to funding difficulties.

title: Watford High Street railway station


text:
User:Bawpcwpn

Talk to me here if you want.

Contributions i have made:

 * Norfolk Jet Express
 * Norfolk Island

Entries i have started
 * Production Diary
 * Post Production Diary
 * Lifted
 * Wall-E

title: User:Bawpcwpn


text:
Sonnet L'Abbé

Sonnet L'Abbé, is a Canadian poet, editor, professor and critic. As a poet, L'Abbé writes about national identity, race, gender and language.

Career
L'Abbé has a PhD in English literature from the University of British Columbia, a master's degree in English literature from the University of Guelph and a BFA in film and video from York University. They have been a script reader and taught English at universities in South Korea, as well as teaching creative writing at the University of Toronto. From 2012 to 2014, they taught creative writing at UBC's Okanagan campus, and they currently teach at Vancouver Island University. In 2015, they were the Edna Staebler Writer-in-Residence at Wilfrid Laurier University.

As a critic, they were a reviewer of fiction and poetry for The Globe and Mail and have written scholarly articles on Canadian contemporary poetry. They also worked as an assistant poetry editor at Canadian Literature and were an occasional contributor to CBC Radio One and the National Post. L'Abbé was the guest editor of the Best Canadian Poetry 2014 anthology. They are currently on the editorial board of Brick Books and on the poetry editorial board of The Malahat Review.

Their work has appeared in a number of literary journals and several anthologies including Rising Tides, Force Field: 77 BC Women Poets, Best Canadian Poetry 2009, Best Canadian Poetry 2010, Open Field: 30 Contemporary Canadian Poets and Red Silk: An Anthology of South Asian Canadian Women Poets. She was shortlisted for the 2010 CBC Literary Award for poetry and won the Bronwen Wallace Memorial Award for most promising writer under 35. In 2013, they were the Artist-in-Motion for 2017StartsNow!, a series of talks launched by CBC Radio-Canada, Via Rail and Community Foundations of Canada that joined Canadians across the country in a conversation about how to celebrate the Canadian sesquicentennial.

Family
L'Abbé was born in Toronto, Ontario, to Jason L'Abbé, a Franco-Ontarian ceramic artist, and Janet L'Abbé, an artist of Guyanese Dougla descent (South Asian and African mixed descent). Their name, Sonnet, is a combination of parts of their parents' first names.

Books

 * A Strange Relief (McClelland and Stewart, 2001)
 * Killarnoe (McClelland and Stewart, 2007)
 * Best Canadian Poetry in English 2014 (guest editor, Tightrope Books, 2014)
 * Anima Canadensis (chapbook, Junction Books, 2016)
 * Sonnet's Shakespeare (2019)

Awards

 * Malahat Review Long Poem Prize, 1999
 * Bronwen Wallace Memorial Award, 2000
 * Shortlist, CBC Literary Award (Poetry), 2010
 * bpNichol Chapbook Award, 2017
 * Shortlist, Dorothy Livesay Poetry Prize, 2020

title: Sonnet L'Abbé


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Talk:Hua Tuo

Untitled
huatuo sounds so witchdoctor-ish(: you know the way he predicts that someone will die within ten years and he does, and when they will suffer relapses(: yeah.

Wrong.
Hua Tuo was introduced to Sun Ce by Yu Fan not Dong Xi. --80.227.100.62 05:34, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Fact vs. Fiction
A lot of the article refers to events based on Romance of the Three Kingdoms, rather than history (eg. Guan Yu playing Go, Cao Cao executing Hua Tuo). I think that we need to clarify in the article what is history and what is fiction. --theorb 11:25 April 15 2006

Cao Pi not emperor?
Makes you wonder. If Cao Cao had just let Hua Tuo live, would he himself have lived? I'm sure you've all thought this question, but it does make you think. Cao Wei 01:58, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Hua Tuo's Exercises
I don't know much about these myself but a book I'm reading mentions that he recorded a set of exercises based upon the movements of five animals (tiger, deer, bear, monkey and stork). The relevance is that the book claims that this is a publicized proof that martial arts existed in China prior to Bodhidharma's arrival. I hope to find out more about this - if I do perhaps I'll add something myself.

P.S. The book is The FIghting Arts by Howard Reid and Michael Croucher

 * But Hua Tuo's exercises weren't martial in nature. Besides, there's plenty of proof that martial arts existed in China prior to Bodhidharma—Shuai Chiao, Sun Bin Chuan, et al. The Taisho Tripitaka, a primary source, even notes that Seng Chou, a Shaolin monk who predates Bodhidharma, was known for his skill with the tin staff.

And is The Fighting Arts even still in print? JFD 21:07, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure it is - but it's certainly an interesting read - wouldn't mind finding the TV series either. Thanks for your updates.

Cao Cao's headache
Are you people sure that it's not another of Lua Guanzhong fabrication that Cao Cao ordered his death? Seemed pretty far-fetched, Romance of Three Kingdoms villainize Cao Cao in every opportunity. And how can a doctor identify a brain tumor without x-ray machine? Suredeath 06:19, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Totally Fictitious
A famouse Chinese historian, Chen Yinke 陳寅恪, pointed out that all those medical miracles performed by Hua Tuo, accoding to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, were actually from Indian Buddhism bibles. Even Hua Tuo's name gives away a hint: Hua means Chinese, and Tuo means buddhism monk. There is not a questions that which part of what Hua Tuo did was real and which was fictitious -- all are fictitious, period. However, there might be a scholar called Hua Tuo, who just did not perform any medical miracle.--Mongol 00:08, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I dont know about whether or not Hua Tuo existed, but if i remember my history, Cao Cao outlived Guan Yu, though he was diagnosed and died shortly afterward. Furthermore, to the person above, a person can diagnose many brain problems by mental state and eye dilation in certain lights.

69.221.248.122 23:14, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hua Tuo is a historical person. He is recorded in the Sanguozhi, however most people mix up his fictional account with his historical account.  In fact, this article's historical account is a part of the fictional account in the Sanguo Yanyi.  Hua Tuo was not executed because Cao Cao was paranoid, he was executed because he refused to treat Cao Cao.  And Hua Tuo was long dead even before Guan Yu led his assault on Fancheng (although there was a doctor that treated Guan Yu's wound, but he was not named).  I'll fix this article up a bit. (whipsandchains 17:48, 21 August 2007 (UTC))

Typo
Forth as in "with forth bushels of lentils" is clearly a typo, but in this context I'm not sure whether it should read "with forty bushels of lentils" or "with four bushels of lentils".  Ϣere Spiel  Chequers  09:59, 18 May 2017 (UTC)
 * OK I have gone with some as that is true for either four or forty.  Ϣere Spiel  Chequers  15:16, 13 September 2018 (UTC)

 * That's a quote, so that would be inappropriate too. I'm just going to inline tag the text for someone who has access to the reference. --Cold Season (talk) 23:15, 24 June 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hua Tuo


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Wikipedia:Peer review/Race and intelligence/archive1

Race and intelligence
In response to positive comments from a vote for deletion attempt, I think this article is ready to move towards featured article candidacy. I think that this article is, as one editor put it, "proof that a community-edited article can work even when the subject is controversial". However, the article is very large, so some problems may have been overlooked. Note that to save space many ancillary and background debates have been only briefly noted and readers are referred to related articles in-line. I do not believe this topic is amenable to an article split; this would likely compromise NPOV. --Rikurzhen 06:30, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * To my uneducated eyes this is a decent article, but it seems to be lacking in some areas. The first thing I see is that it is much too focused on the on the United States. There is a brief "IQ gaps in other nations" section and some other international citations elsewhere, but all of them seem to be included for the light they can shed on the situation in the States. Secondly the page is almost wholly on the modern scholarly debate. I would like to see some of the earlier history of the issue. Thinkers as far back as Montesquieu have pondered this question and it certainly played a role in the eugenics movement and in the institutional racism of many governments. While this early scholarship is today universally rejected some mention of it would be useful because it did often had a major impact. - SimonP 19:41, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Unfortunately, the emphasis on the U.S. is a reflection of the available research. It's difficult to find data on other countries. A history section is a good idea. --Rikurzhen 22:25, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * This kind of research (contemporary)is pretty restiricted to American institutions, although critics of it come from further afield. I agree that it the historical context and research should also be discussed. The reference list is a tad ridiculous, only list the sources you used to write the article, general bibliographiesa aren't really useful to the reader.--nixie 00:30, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll screen out orphan references. --Rikurzhen 01:02, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * History section added. --Rikurzhen 19:03, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well the topic is of interest, but that opening graph is just plain offensive, at least to me. Both scientifically and ethically, not to mention that it's always the first thing you see when you open the page. Sorry, but I'm highly sceptical of results like that. Was the graph data generated using orphan twins testing that compensated for cultural and economic factors? Was it only from data collected in the U.S.? I think the graph should be moved further down the page and accompanied by appropriate details on how the data was derived. Thanks. :-) — RJH 16:06, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, the data in the graph is the least controversial aspect of the article. That is, this article is so controversial that there's no where to hide it. The data is representative of scores from hundreds of thousands of people in the U.S., tested over the last 90 years. In the end, this is an article about a research topic where the public is very underinformed about the current state of research, and so for many the things in the article will be very surprising. However, I think we need to keep criticism/skepticism to the level found in the research literature, rather than adding in our own. --Rikurzhen 17:44, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * The caption doesn't suggest that the graph compensates for economic factors; it's a cumulative distribution. It demonstrates the immediate issue that prompts the article -- a correlation of race and intelligence measures. Whether that is caused by cultural biases, socioeconomic differences, etc. is exactly the question the article looks into. Christopher Parham (talk) 21:18, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * I can see that it has been discussed previously on the talk page, but still: maybe that data should be shown as overlapping bell curves instead. I understand the reasons against it, but (1) non-cumulative distributions are easier to grasp for many people, and (2) it's less offensive. Indeed, the overlapping curves would show very clearly that (a) the article presents data that makes claims about averages, (b) the variance is mainly within groups, and (c) individuals with a certain IQ can be found in each race. Thus we could make these three good, important points graphically, and on the first image. Now, I am a professional mathematician, handle these topics daily, and can read the current graph just fine, but for a general audience overlapping Bell curves might would address some of the comments RJHall voiced above, at least in part. Arbor 07:13, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I made a mock-up and put it on the talk page. I think it's even harder to understand. --Rikurzhen 07:20, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * RJH, actually one of my own first ideas when I saw the article was to move the second graph to the top. (The one that stratifies by income group.) That seems to be close to what you are suggesting. The problem is that that graph is much more "offensive": it shows you that the average black child of two doctors scores less than the average white trailer park kid. It also is much more POV in that this study is a very (and largely unanswered) challenge to the culture-only hypothesis. Instead, the current first image is extremely solid and remains open to all sorts of interpretations. For example, it is largely compatible with different versions of the culture-only hypothesis. However, I would be vary happy if you kept an eye on this article. If we can avoid offending people in presenting this debate then more people will likely read the article, so for that reason a conciliatory tone is highly desirable. I think the article could improve a lot from your help. Arbor 08:18, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well I wasn't so much suggesting getting rid of the graph as moving it down past the introduction. When your browser is set to a certain size, the graph dominates the entire page. I.e. it's too large. It effectively becomes the introduction. Thanks. — RJH 17:48, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. That's much easier to fix. We're looking at new designs on the talk page. --Rikurzhen 17:59, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think this is fixed. --Rikurzhen 03:58, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Too many short paras, merge. Remove external links from main body, move to notes, link with Footnotes. Looks good overall. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:48, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * In progress --Rikurzhen 22:54, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

This is simply way too long as-is and is many times the recommended point where articles may be considered too long (going above that requires more and more substantiation that the increased reading time is warranted; the larger the article, the more substantiation that is needed). Much summarizing and spinning off of detail is needed per point 6 of the FA criteria. See also Summary style. --mav 04:06, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * If you're up to it, we're debating that on the talk page here. --Rikurzhen 04:11, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe this has been fixed. --Rikurzhen 06:45, Jun 24, 2005 (UTC)


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Al McGuire

Alfred James McGuire (September 7, 1928 – January 26, 2001) was an American college basketball coach and broadcaster, the head coach at Marquette University from 1964 to 1977. He won a national championship in his final season at Marquette, and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1992. He was also well known as a longtime national television basketball broadcaster and for his colorful personality.

Early life
McGuire played three years of basketball at St. John's Prep, then located in Brooklyn, New York (graduated 1947), and went on to star at St. John's University (1947–1951), where he played for four years and captained the 1951 team that posted a 26–5 mark and finished third in the NIT.

NBA career
After college, McGuire played in the NBA, with his hometown New York Knicks for three seasons, 1951–54. While with the Knicks, he once famously pleaded with his coach for playing time, with this guarantee: "I can stop Cousy." Inserted into the lineup, McGuire then proceeded to foul the Celtics star on his next six trips down the court.

On September 17, 1954, the Knicks traded McGuire and Connie Simmons to the Baltimore Bullets for Ray Felix and Chuck Grigsby. McGuire rode the bench for the Bullets, playing just 98 minutes in ten games and scoring 23 points; actually, the record books don't even credit McGuire for those numbers. In late November, the NBA revoked the franchise of the 3–11 (and bankrupt) Bullets, and decided to wipe Baltimore's games away as if they had never been played, along with all individual statistics. Several ex-Bullets (including All-Star Frank Selvy) hooked on with other NBA teams, but McGuire (who had been sidelined by a leg injury) did not, ending his playing career.

Coaching career
McGuire began his coaching career as an assistant at Dartmouth College (1955–1957) for head coach Doggie Julian. McGuire coached the freshman team at Dartmouth. One of his players was Dave Gavitt. McGuire then took his first head coaching job at Belmont Abbey College (1957–1964), in Belmont, North Carolina, where he recruited many high school players off the streets of New York. McGuire became head coach at Marquette University in Milwaukee in 1964 where he enjoyed success, including the NIT Championship in 1970 and a Final Four appearance in 1974 against the eventual champion NC State Wolfpack. He also served as athletic director for the program starting in 1973.

His final assistant coaches were Hank Raymonds (hired in 1961) and Rick Majerus (hired in 1971), who became a successful college head coach. He cited them as the final key to the team's success in 1977, stating, "We worked because we didn't associate socially and our rhythms were different. Hank was the encyclopedia, the administrator, the rule book with solid basketball knowledge. Rick was the cousins sandwich, the guy to bridge the age gap with the players, the recruiter with a flair for modern-day basketball. I was the Houdini, who did his disappearing act. I know that 85 percent of me is buffalo chips, and the other 15 percent is rare talent. I'd say in that 15 percent, in the mental toughness, the media, keeping an eye on the elephant, not the mice, and extending the life of the extinct kiwi bird, which is nocturnal."

McGuire led Marquette to its only NCAA basketball championship in 1977, his final season as a head coach. On December 17, 1976, McGuire stunned fans by announcing that he would retire as coach after the end of the current season, to become vice chairman of Medalist Industries, effective May 1, 1977; he had served on the board of directors of the sporting goods firm for six years. North Carolina coach and friend Dean Smith had stated that McGuire never intended to be a "lifer" as a coach. McGuire was an executive with the company for less than a year, resigning on March 20, 1978. For the entire tournament, Maguire would wear a black sport coat and gray pants that he believed was lucky. Marquette's team, led by Alfred "Butch" Lee, Maurice "Bo" Ellis and Jerome Whitehead would have a run that Maguire later referred to as "the magical weekend", which saw Whitehead receive a full-court pass and subsequently made a last-second shot to propel Marquette past UNC Charlotte in the national semifinals. Two days later, they defeated Dean Smith's North Carolina Tar Heels for the title. Ranked sixteenth, Marquette had seven losses going into the NCAA tournament, the most losses up to that time for a team that would win the NCAA Championship. The thrilling weekend in Atlanta's Omni Coliseum provided a happy sendoff. Maguire was succeeded by his assistant Hank Raymonds, who in turn was succeeded by Majerus in 1983; Marquette would not reach another Final Four until 2003.

While at Marquette, McGuire founded "Al's Run," a charity event for the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin. The race celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2017.

Broadcasting career
After coaching and a brief stint in business, McGuire became a popular commentator for NBC Sports and CBS Sports. McGuire's on-air banter with colleague Billy Packer helped increase the popularity of college basketball across the United States. McGuire was courtside for the landmark 1979 championship game between Indiana State and Michigan State that pitted Larry Bird against Magic Johnson, which is remembered as a game that vastly enhanced the appeal of college basketball. Reflecting on the event ten years later, McGuire said that the 1979 title game in Salt Lake City "put college basketball on its afterburner." That national championship game remains the highest-rated NCAA Final broadcast. He announced his retirement from broadcasting after calling a matchup between Wisconsin and Indiana on March 5, 2000.

Pine Bluff Incident

On February 12, 1984, McGuire was broadcasting the Arkansas Razorbacks upset victory over the undefeated and #1 ranked North Carolina Tar Heels led by Michael Jordan. As time expired, the Tar Heels missed the game winning shot, losing their first game of the season. However, McGuire inexplicably shouted “It’s good!” while the shot was in the air. After the shot was missed, McGuire was embarrassed and silent, even though the huge upset warranted excitement and description from the broadcast team. Arkansas fans were angry over this errant call.

Death
After a long bout with leukemia, McGuire died at age 72 in 2001 in Brookfield, Wisconsin.

Legacy
The Al McGuire Center, which includes a statue in his honor, opened on the Marquette campus in 2004.

He was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1993.

McGuire's brother Dick (Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductee 1993) was also a prominent figure in basketball, having starred at St. John's and then with the New York Knicks of the NBA. Dick and Al both played for the Knicks. They are the only pair of brothers, and one of only two sibling pairs (the other being Cheryl and Reggie Miller), inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Others in the Hall of Fame Class of '92 included Lou Carnesecca, Phil Woolpert, Jack Ramsay, Connie Hawkins, Bob Lanier, Sergei Belov, Nera D. White and Lusia Harris Steward. McGuire is not related to the late North Carolina and South Carolina coach Frank McGuire. Al and Frank coached against each other when Frank was head man at South Carolina. Al played for Frank at St. John's. Frank McGuire has been considered Al's coaching mentor.

McGuire was survived by his wife, Patricia, three children, sons Allie (who played for his father at Marquette) and Rob and daughter Noreen, and six grandchildren.

Play
Al McGuire's former television broadcast partner and friend, Dick Enberg, penned a one-man theatrical play entitled Coach portrayed by actor Cotter Smith.

It debuted at Marquette University's Helfaer Theater in 2005, and returned there by popular demand in 2006. The play was then presented at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta during the 2007 Final Four Championship, at Hofstra University in February 2008, and at the North Coast Repertory in San Diego County in April 2008. It returned to North Coast Rep by popular demand in August 2008, and subsequently was seen at Central Michigan University, Dick Enberg's alma mater on October 10, 2008. A benefit performance for the San Diego Chargers was presented on November 12, 2008. From January to June 2017, the play entitled "McGuire" was presented by the Milwaukee Repertory Theater, starring Tony Award winner Anthony Crivello. That run broke all box office records for the space, playing to 'sold-out' houses in the 150 seat Stackner Cabaret. Crivello received critical praise for his work in the show, and won 2017 Wisconsin Footlights Award for "Outstanding Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play."

A five-minute presentation of the show was presented at the 2017 Wisconsin Sports Award on May 20, 2017, at the University Of Wisconsin Field House. The audience included All-Pro Green Bay Packers QB Aaron Rodgers, All-Pro Green Bay Packers LT David Bahktieri and noted sports figures including Green Bay Packers players Jason Spriggs, Kyle Murphy, former Packer player Mark Tauscher,  Milwaukee Brewers player Jonathan Villar,  Milwaukee Bucks player Jabari Parker, UW head women's basketball coach Jonathan Tsipis, former University of Wisconsin Milwaukee head men's basketball coach and current Butler head coach Lavall Jordan, Marquette University head men's basketball coach Steve Wojceichowski, UW head men's basketball coach Greg Gard, executives and broadcasters Bill "Rock" Schroeder, Steve "The Homer" True, Tim Van Vooren from ESPN, FOX Sports Wisconsin, Major League Baseball, Good Karma Broadcasting founder Milwaukee's ESPN Radio owner Craig Karmazin, top male and female athletes from Wisconsin, Marquette University, UW Green Bay, UW Milwaukee, Marquette University athletic director Bill Scholl, Wisconsin women's volleyball HOF 2017 athlete of the year Lauren Carlini,  Wisconsin men's basketball players including Zack Showalter, athletic director/ NCAA HOF former head football coach Barry Alvarez.

Four books have been written about McGuire's life. McGuire's biography "You Can Call Me Al: The Colorful Journey of College Basketball's Original Flower Child, Al McGuire," written by Chicago area author and journalist Joseph Declan Moran with McGuire's cooperation, was first published in March 1999 by Prairie Oak Press (Madison, WI); "I Remember Al McGuire: Personal Memories and Testimonials to College Basketball's Wittiest Coach and Commentator (as told by the people who knew him)," written by Mike Towle, was published in December 2001 by Cumberland House Publishing; "Cracked Sidewalks and French Pastry: The Wit and Wisdom of Al McGuire," written by Tom Kertscher, was published by University of Wisconsin Press in November 2002; "Al McGuire: The Colorful Warrior," written by Roger Jaynes, was published by Sports Publishing LLC in July 2004.

NBA
Source

Coaching accomplishments

 * Belmont Abbey record: 109–64
 * Coached Belmont Abbey to five postseason appearances
 * Marquette record: 295–80
 * Coached team to 11 consecutive postseason bids at Marquette
 * NIT championship (1970)
 * Coached team to a 28–1 season (1971)
 * Associated Press, United Press International and United States Basketball Writers Association Coach of the Year (1971)
 * NABC Coach of the Year (1974)
 * NCAA championship (1977)
 * Among a select few coaches who have won both the NIT and NCAA championships
 * Marquette captured its only NCAA championship with a 67–59 victory over North Carolina in McGuire's last game as coach
 * More than 92 percent of his student-athletes completed requirements to earn their degrees from Marquette
 * Twenty-six of his players were drafted into the NBA
 * Marquette University athletic director (1973–77)
 * Conducted clinics at two Air Force bases in Europe (1971)

Broadcasting experience

 * College basketball analyst, NBC Sports and CBS Sports
 * Basketball analyst, 1988 Olympic Games
 * Color commentator for one NBA on NBC telecast in 1991
 * Color commentator for CBS Sports' March Madness
 * Perhaps his most famous line as a commentator came during the 1992 NCAA tournament at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee, when McGuire blurted out "Holy mackerel! Holy mackerel! Holy mackerel!" following a game-winning buzzer beater by Georgia Tech's James Forrest. The shot was the first three-pointer of Forrest's collegiate career in the first game McGuire broadcast for CBS.
 * Following his broadcast of a 1996 NCAA Regional Championship, McGuire garnered fame for dancing with the players of Syracuse who were celebrating their entry into the Final Four. He would do the same the following year with the players from the University of Minnesota. The Minnesota players proclaimed they wanted to "Get down with Al!"
 * McGuire's broadcasting career was capped by a warm and poignant reunion less than a year before his death. When Dick Enberg joined CBS Sports in 2000 after a long career with NBC, McGuire was able to be reunited with Enberg and longtime CBS commentator Billy Packer. On February 5, 2000, the trio called its final game together when Michigan State easily defeated UCONN 85–66. It was the first game the trio had called in nineteen years when Indiana defeated North Carolina for the 1981 NCAA National Championship game for NBC.

title: Al McGuire


text:
Podocarpus nubigenus

Podocarpus nubigenus (also known as P. nubigena) is a species of podocarp, endemic to the Valdivian temperate forests of southern Chile and adjacent southwestern Argentina. It is the southernmost podocarp in the world. It grows from 38°S to Ultima Esperanza (53°S), in wet and swampy soils. It can settle clear grounds, with a faster growth than the other Chilean Podocarpaceae.

It is a medium to large tree, growing to around 20 –, exceptionally to 35 m. The bark peels off in papery flakes, with a purplish to golden brown hue. The sharp, green, needle-like leaves are stiff and leathery, 2 cm long. The cones are highly modified with two to four fused, fleshy, berry-like, juicy scales, bright red when mature, bearing one (rarely two) rounded seeds at the apex of the scales.

In a classic example species-pair of the Antarctic flora, it is very closely related to Podocarpus totara from New Zealand, to the extent that if planted together, they are very difficult to distinguish. The best distinction is the slightly brighter green tone of the leaves, compared to the more greyish-green of P. totara.

Cultivation and uses
The wood is hard and straight grained, and very resistant to rot; it is yellow with reddish marks, semiheavy, semihard, and resistant to decay, but due to scarcity, is little used.

P. nubigenus is occasionally grown as an ornamental tree in the western British Isles and the Pacific Northwest of North America, where it receives the cool summers and high rainfall it requires for successful growth. This tree is tolerant to about -25 °C. It does not have any common English name; cloud podocarp' (a translation of the scientific name); male maniu (a literal translation from the most common name in Chile), Chilean podocarp, and Chilean totara have been suggested, but are little used. Mapuche Native American and Latin American Spanish names include and mañio macho or mañíu macho and huililahuán. In southern Chile, it is also known as mañío de hojas punzantes (which is translated as prickly-leaved maniu).

Etymology
Podocarpus is derived from Greek and means 'stalked fruit'. The name is in reference to the distinctive shape of the fruit stalks of some species.

Nubigenus means 'cloud-born' or 'cloud-formed'.

title: Podocarpus nubigenus


text:
Jan Eliasson

Jan Kenneth Eliasson (born 17 September 1940) is a Swedish diplomat who was Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations from July 2012 to December 2016. A member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party, Eliasson served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 24 April to 6 October 2006. Eliasson was appointed as Governing Board Chair of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute in April 2017 and assumed his role as of 1 June 2017.

Biography
Jan Eliasson was born in a working-class family in Gothenburg in Sweden. His father John was a taxi driver, previously a metal worker at SKF, and his mother Karin was a seamstress. His father was engaged in the labor union for transport. He was an AFS exchange student in Indiana, United States, from 1957 to 1958 and was commissioned a naval officer in the reserve after training at the Royal Swedish Naval Academy in 1962. During his time in the United States, he once met John F. Kennedy. In 1965 he earned a master's degree in economics from the School of Business, Economics and Law at the University of Gothenburg where he was also a president of the local AIESEC committee. He also holds honorary degrees from American University (1994), University of Gothenburg (2001) and Uppsala University (2005).

Eliasson has authored and co-authored numerous books and articles and is a frequent lecturer on foreign policy and diplomacy. Since 1988 he has been a visiting lecturer on mediation, conflict resolution and UN reform at Uppsala University.

Eliasson started his diplomatic career in 1965, when he was employed at the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. From 1982 to 1983 he served as Diplomatic Advisor to the Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme, and from 1983 to 1987 as Director General for Political Affairs in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.

From 1980 to 1986, Eliasson was part of the U.N. mission, mediating in the Iran–Iraq War. From 1988 to 1992 he served as Sweden's Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York, where he also served as the Secretary-General's Personal Representative on Iran/Iraq.

In 1991, Eliasson was chairman of the U.N. General Assembly's working group on emergency relief and Vice President of the U.N. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) from 1991 to 1992. In 1992 he was appointed as the first U.N. Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs. He was involved in operations in Somalia, Sudan, Mozambique and the Balkans. He also took initiatives on issues such as land mines, prevention and humanitarian action.

In 1993–94 Eliasson served as mediator in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

From 1994 to 1999, Eliasson served as Swedish State Secretary for Foreign Affairs. From 2000 to 2005 he served as Sweden's Ambassador to Washington, D.C., United States. On 13 June 2005 he was unanimously elected President of the United Nations General Assembly, for its sixtieth session. He served as president from 13 September 2005 to 11 September 2006.

From 24 April 2006 to 6 October 2006 he also served as Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Social Democratic cabinet of Göran Persson. Following the 2006 Swedish general election when his party lost the election, he announced that he will teach at Uppsala University.

Eliasson condemned the 2006 Lebanon War: "The military offensive of Israel is an extremely dangerous escalation of the situation in the region". He also condemned the attacks of Hezbollah.

In December 2006, then U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan announced Eliasson as Special Envoy to Darfur, Sudan. He left this mission in June 2008.

In March 2009, Eliasson gave a lecture entitled "Armed Conflict: The Cost to Civilians" at the University of San Diego's Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice Distinguished Lecture Series.

Eliasson is an Eminent Member of the Sergio Vieira de Mello Foundation and he currently sits on the advisory board of the Alliance for Peacebuilding. Eliasson was Chair of WaterAid Sweden. Since 2010 he serves in the UN Secretary-General's Advocates Group for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Eliasson is a former Board member of DARA.

On 2 March 2012, Jan Eliasson was appointed Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. He took office as Deputy Secretary-General on 1 July 2012.

He always carries in his pocket a print of the UN charter.

He was awarded the Illis quorum in 2016.

On 23 October 2017, the Tallberg Foundation announced that its Global Leadership Prize will henceforth be named after Jan Eliasson.

On 27 April 2017, the Swedish Government appointed Jan Eliasson as Chair of the SIPRI Governing Board. Eliasson has formally assumed the position as of 1 June 2017.

On 13 May 2022, Eliasson published a memoir titled Ord och Handling : ett liv i diplomatins tjänst ("Words and Action : a life in service of diplomacy").

Personal life
Eliasson is married to Kerstin Eliasson, former Swedish State Secretary for Education and Science. They have three children: Anna, Emilie and Johan. He is a GAIS supporter.

title: Jan Eliasson