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Battle of the Crimissus

The Battle of the Crimissus (also spelled Crimisus and Crimesus) was fought in 339 BC between a large Carthaginian army commanded by Asdrubal and Hamilcar and an army from Syracuse led by Timoleon. Timoleon attacked the Carthaginian army by surprise near the Crimissus river in western Sicily (originally it was thought that it was the modern Belice river in southwest Sicily, but it has been recently identified with the modern Freddo river in northwest Sicily) and won a great victory. When he defeated another much smaller force of Carthaginians shortly afterwards, Carthage sued for peace. The peace allowed the Greek cities on Sicily to recover and began a period of stability. However, another war between Syracuse and Carthage erupted after Timoleon's death, not long after Agathocles seized power in 317 BC.

Carthage had tried to prevent Timoleon's arrival on Sicily, where he had been invited by the citizens of Syracuse to depose the Greek tyrants and restore democracy and order. After liberating Syracuse itself, Timoleon sent his mercenaries to raid the Carthaginian territory on western Sicily. Carthage had already gathered a large army, which was moving towards Syracuse in response to the raids.

Vastly outnumbered, Timoleon attacked the Carthaginian army while it was crossing the Crimissus river. The Carthaginians fiercely resisted the initial assault, but a storm which started during the battle worked to the advantage of the Greeks. When the first rank of the Carthaginian army was defeated, the whole army was routed. The Greeks killed or captured many of those who fled and Carthage lost a large number of its wealthiest citizens in the battle.

Background
Because the citizens of Syracuse suffered from political upheaval and civil war under the regime of Dionysius II, they appealed to Corinth (which had founded Syracuse) to send them a general to depose the tyrants and administer their city. The Corinthian senate chose to send Timoleon.

In 359/8 BC Dionysius II had made peace with Carthage. Carthage probably profited from the political instability on Sicily because it weakened the military power of the Greeks. As a consequence they tried to prevent Timoleon from setting foot on Sicily in 345/4 BC, but were unsuccessful. A confusing siege of Syracuse ensued in 344/3 BC with Timoleon, Dionysius, Hicetas and his Carthaginian allies each controlling different parts of the city. The two primary sources which describe the siege, Diodorus Siculus and Plutarch, give very different accounts. According to Plutarch Dionysius surrendered the acropolis to Timoleon right away and was expelled to Corinth. Diodoros states that this happened at the end of the siege in 343/2 BC. The Carthaginians broke off the siege and retreated. Timoleon then attacked the forces of Hicetas and drove them out of Syracuse.

Timoleon then proceeded to liberate the other Greek cities on Sicily in 342/1 BC in order to restore them their autonomy and democracy. He sent his mercenaries to raid the Carthaginian territory in western Sicily, which gained him a large amount of booty. As his military strength and reputation grew, all the other Sicilian Greek cities submitted to him voluntarily because of his policy of restoring autonomy to them. He was approached by many other cities under the control of Carthage, including those of the Sicels and the Sicanians, who wished to become his allies.

Prelude
The Carthaginians were alarmed by Timoleon's success and shipped a large army to Lilybaeum. According to Plutarch it numbered seventy thousand men and included siege engines and chariots with four horses each. Their army was large enough to conquer Sicily in its entirety, even with the Greeks united under Timoleon. When they received news that their territory was being raided by Timoleon's mercenaries, they marched against them immediately under the command of Hasdrubal and Hamilcar. When the Syracusans heard about the coming of the huge Carthaginian army, they were terrified; Timoleon could gather no more than 3,000 of them to march against the Carthaginians. While on the march, 1,000 of Timoleon's 4,000 mercenaries deserted him and returned to Syracuse. His army now numbered 5,000 foot and 1,000 horse. He led them on march of eight days away from Syracuse towards the river Crimissus, where the Carthaginians were concentrating. Diodorus Siculus reports a greater size of Timoleon's army, giving a number of 12,000 men.

Battle
The battle was fought in early June 339 BC. Timoleon was positioned on a hill with his army, overlooking a plain where the Carthaginian army was located. The Crimissus river separated the two armies and covered the plain in a thick fog, making it impossible to see the Carthaginian camp. However, the noise signaled to the Greeks that the Carthaginians were going to cross the river. The sun had risen higher in the sky and dissipated the fog in the plain, making the Carthaginian troops visible. The four-horse chariots were at the vanguard of the army. Behind them was infantry which the Greeks identified as Carthaginian citizens and at the rear were the foreign troops. Timoleon noticed the army was separated by the river, giving him a good opportunity to attack. He decided to send the cavalry ahead to prevent the Carthaginian citizen infantry from forming their phalanx.

Timoleon then commanded his army to descend into the plain. He assigned the other Sicilian Greeks and a few of his mercenaries to his wings. He commanded the center, which was composed of the Syracusans and his best mercenaries. He saw that his cavalry could not attack the enemy infantry because of the chariots. He ordered his cavalry to ride past the line of chariots to attack the infantry on the flank. He then charged the enemy with the infantry. The Carthaginian citizen infantry resisted the Greeks sturdily however, thanks to their excellent armor and large shields. Fortunately for the Greeks a thunderstorm rose up behind them and started a shower of hail and rain. The storm hit the Greeks in the back, but the Carthaginians in the face. The storm put them at a severe disadvantage: the water and mud made them ineffective fighters because of their heavy armor. To make things worse for the Carthaginians, the storm caused the Crimissus to overflow from its banks and many smaller streams to flow over the plain.

The Carthaginian army fled when the Greeks defeated the first rank of four hundred men. Many of those who fled over the plain were overtaken by the Greeks and killed. Some drowned in the river when they met the part of the Carthaginian army which still tried to cross the river. Out of the 10,000 casualties for the Carthaginian army, 3,000 were Carthaginian citizens. Carthage had never lost so many of its own citizens before because it was used to employing Libyans, Numidians and Iberians for its armies. At least 5,000 prisoners were accounted for, and many more were hidden or stolen by the Greek soldiers. As they stripped the dead bodies of their possessions, the Greeks acquired a great deal of gold and silver from the rich Carthaginian citizens. After the Greek army captured the Carthaginian camp so much effort was required to gather the spoils that it took until the third day to erect a trophy on the site.

Diodorus Siculus calls the Carthaginian citizen infantry as the Sacred Band of Carthage. He puts their number at 2,500 and states that they all fought to the death. Of the other nationalities of the army, more than 10,000 perished and 15,000 were taken captive.

Aftermath
Timoleon left his mercenaries to plunder the Carthaginian territory and returned to Syracuse. Hicetas and Mamercus, the tyrants who still controlled respectively Leontini and Catana, made an alliance with the Carthaginians. The Carthaginians sent a fleet of seventy ships and Greek mercenaries under Gisco to their aid. This force landed in the territory of Messana, where they defeated four hundred of Timoleon's mercenaries. Another group of his mercenaries was ambushed and eliminated by the Carthaginians near Ietae, in Carthaginian territory.

Nevertheless, Plutarch relates that Timoleon managed to defeat Hicetas in the Battle of the Damurias River. Mamercus was defeated by Timoleon in the Battle of the Abolus River, in which the Carthaginian soldiers he received from Gisco made up a large part of the casualties. After this defeat Carthage decided to make peace with Timoleon, to which he agreed. The terms were that Carthage was to keep its territory within the Lycus river, to restore the family and property to anyone who wished to move to Syracuse and that it would end their alliance with the tyrants. Mamercus fled to Messana where he took refuge with the tyrant of that city, Hippo. When Timoleon besieged Messana by land and sea, Hippo tried to escape aboard a ship, but was caught and executed by the city's inhabitants. Mamercus then surrendered to Timoleon. In the account of Diodorus Siculus Hicetas is mentioned as well, but Mamercus and Hippo are not. Diodorus does mention other tyrants which Timoleon deposed: the Campanians in Aetna, Nicodemus in Centuripae and Apolloniades in Agyrium.

Timoleon succeeded in ending the warfare on Sicily between the Greek tyrants and with Carthage, but peace and stability did not last for long after his death. A new tyrant, Agathocles, seized power in Syracuse in 317 BC and started another war with Carthage.

title: Battle of the Crimissus


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Peter Simpson (footballer, born 1945)

Peter Frederick Simpson (born 13 January 1945) is an English former footballer who played most of his career as a defender with Arsenal.

Career
Born in Gorleston-on-Sea, Norfolk, Simpson initially joined Arsenal as a member of the club's groundstaff in 1960, before signing as an apprentice a year later in October 1961. He turned professional seven months later, in May 1962. He played for Arsenal's youth and reserve teams at first, before making his first team debut against Chelsea, in a First Division match on 14 March 1964; Arsenal lost 4–2.

He was not immediately a regular in the Arsenal side, making just 22 appearances over the course of three seasons. However, with the appointment of Bertie Mee before the start of the 1966–67 season, Simpson was promoted to a first-team place, and became a mainstay of the Arsenal side for the best part of a decade. He started out as a utility man playing in every outfield position, but by the time he was a regular he had settled into the centre half position, usually alongside Frank McLintock.

Simpson was a leading figure in Arsenal's brief period of success in the early 1970s. After losing both the 1968 and 1969 League Cup finals, Simpson was a key part of the side that won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1969–70, making a total of 57 appearances in all competitions that season. Simpson went on to be part of the side that won the League Championship and FA Cup Double in 1970–71; though he missed the first three months of that season with a cartilage problem, he returned in time for the FA Cup run, and appeared in the final, a 2–1 victory over Liverpool after extra time.

Despite his long career at the top, he was never capped for England, although he was called into a few squads by Sir Alf Ramsey during 1969–70. He continued to play for the club in the trophyless years following the Double, playing more than 35 games a season for four seasons. However, by 1975 age was starting to get the better of him, and he only played nine times in 1975–76. He earned a recall in 1976–77, appearing in 25 games, but was dropped the following season. He left Arsenal in 1978, having played 477 times for the club, having scored 15 goals; as of 2006 he is tenth in the Arsenal all-time appearances list.

He had brief stints with the New England Tea Men of the NASL in the US, and then returned to England to play for non-league Hendon, before retiring. For the remainder of the 1968 summer season he played in the National Soccer League with Toronto Hellas.

Honours
Arsenal
 * Football League First Division: 1970–71
 * FA Cup: 1970–71; runner-up: 1971–72
 * Inter-Cities Fairs Cup: 1969–70

Individual
 * Arsenal Player of the Season: 1968−69

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Peter Simpson (footballer, born 1945)


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User talk:Plasmamatx

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You (Talk) 23:35, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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Ooops
Hi there. If you didn't know, the story and sound file supposedly a 1932 recording of "Oops!... I Did It Again" by Louis Armstrong is a silly hoax. And if you did know, note that deliberatly putting false information into article is considered vandalism. Hope this helps, -- Infrogmation 06:18, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Plasmamatx


text:
Quintessenz

Quintessenz (German for "quintessence") is a civil liberties advocacy organization based in the Museumsquartier in Vienna, Austria.

Founded in 1994, Quintessenz works on Internet and on-line liberty issues in co-operation with other civil liberties advocates around the world.

In 1999 Erich Moechel represented Quintessenz as a speaker at the Computers, Freedom and Privacy 99 Conference in Washington DC.

Quintessenz is a co-organizer of the Austrian version of the Big Brother Awards and a member of European Digital Rights.

title: Quintessenz


text: User talk:70.60.93.210

title: User talk:70.60.93.210


text:
Stuart Law

Stuart Grant Law (born 18 October 1968) is an Australian-born cricket coach and former cricketer. He was a part of the Australian squad which finished as runners-up at the 1996 Cricket World Cup. Law currently serves as the coach of the United States’ men’s senior team.

He played one Test and 54 One Day Internationals (ODIs) for Australia. Law also captained Queensland to five Sheffield Shield titles and two one day trophies, making him the most successful captain in Australian domestic cricket; he is also Queensland's all-time leading run scorer in first-class cricket.

He is also a cricket coach, who has coached Sri Lanka (2011), Bangladesh (2011–2012), West Indies (2018–2019) and Middlesex (2019–2021).

Early life
Law was born and raised in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. He attended Brisbane State High School.

Domestic career
After a couple of seasons with the Australian youth team, Law made his first-class debut for Queensland in the 1988/89 Sheffield Shield, scoring 179 in his second match. In 1990/91, he had a superb season, with a batting average over 75 and scoring more than 1,200 runs.

In 1996, Law made his English County Championship debut, with Essex, and such was his success in England that he averaged over 55 in all but one of his six seasons at the county, making his career-best score of 263 in 1999. However, disagreements within the club led him to leave for Lancashire for 2002.

During his first season with Lancashire, Law was awarded his county cap. Apart from an enforced absence through injury for part of the 2004 season, Law continued to pile up the runs for his new team, scoring 1,820 in 2003 at an exceptional average of 91, and after hitting 1,277 championship runs in 2007, signed a new one-year deal with the club. Following Mark Chilton's resignation as captain at the end of the 2007 season, Law was appointed Lancashire captain ahead of players such as Dominic Cork, Glen Chapple and Luke Sutton. He was released in October 2008 to be replaced by Glen Chapple as captain for the 2009 season, before signing a contract to play for Derbyshire in limited overs cricket in 2009.

Law has represented the Chennai Superstars in the Indian Cricket League as their captain.

International career
Law made his debut for Australia in a one day international in 1994, and captained Young Australia in England the following summer. In total, Law played 54 one day matches for Australia between 1994 and 1999, including the 1996 World Cup. He batted mainly in the middle order, and took 12 wickets with a mix of medium pace and leg spin bowling.

In December 1995, he played his only Test match, the opening match of a home series against Sri Lanka. Playing in place of the injured Steve Waugh, Law scored 54 not out. Law was dropped when Waugh returned for the following match.

Honours
Law was selected as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1998. In 2007, he was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia.

Coaching career
Law was appointed as Sri Lanka's assistant coach in October 2009. He was then head coach in 2011–2012 of Bangladesh Cricket when Trevor Bayliss left shortly after the 2011 world cup. The Pakistan Cricket Team was trying to make him their coach but Mickey Arthur was announced the head coach instead. On 27 January 2017, Stuart Law was appointed as the head coach of West Indies Cricket team on a two-year contract, starting on 15 February 2018.

He also coached Middlesex (2019–2021).

In February 2022, Law was named interim head coach of Afghanistan. In June 2022, he was appointed head coach of the Bangladesh national under-19 cricket team.

In April 2024, Law was appointed as the new head coach of the United States national cricket team.

title: Stuart Law


text:
Oenas

Oenas is a genus of blister beetle related to the well-known Lytta vesicatoria (a.k.a. "Spanish Fly"). The genus is Mediterranean in its distribution (from Morocco & Spain, east to Caucasus, Palestine & Iran).

title: Oenas


text:
Baby powder

Baby powder is an astringent powder used for preventing diaper rash and for cosmetic uses. It may be composed of talc (in which case it is also called talcum powder), corn starch or potato starch. It may contain additional ingredients such as fragrances. Baby powder can also be used as a dry shampoo, cleaning agent (to remove grease stains), and air freshener.

Health risks
Talcum powder, if inhaled, may cause aspiration pneumonia and granuloma. Severe cases may lead to chronic respiratory problems and death. The particles in corn starch powder are larger and less likely to be inhaled.

Some studies have found a statistical relationship between talcum powder applied to the perineal area by female babies and the incidence of ovarian cancer, but there is not a consensus about causality. In 2016, more than 1,000 women in the United States sued Johnson & Johnson for covering up the possible cancer risk associated with its baby powder. In 1975, an official at the US federal Food and Drug Administration stated that "No mother was going to powder her baby with 1% of a known carcinogen irregardless [sic] of the large safety factor" as a comment on the testing methodology that J&J backed. The company stopped selling talc-based baby powder in the United States and Canada in 2020 and has said it will stop all talc sales worldwide by 2023, switching to a corn starch-based formula. However, Johnson & Johnson says that its talc-based baby powder does not contain asbestos and is safe to use.

title: Baby powder


text:
User talk:BankruptOnSelling

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You (Talk) 23:38, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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 * Manual of Style

November 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. At least one of your recent edits, such as the edits you made to Born This Way, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. There is a 10 review maximum in the Album ratings template, and the review source you are adding is not notable nor professional. Please refrain from adding it. Dan56 (talk) 19:06, 29 November 2011 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia. At least one of your recent edits, such as the edits you made to Past Life Martyred Saints, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. There is a 10 review maximum in the Album ratings template, and the review source you are adding is not notable nor professional. Please refrain from adding it. AndrewAllen15

title: User talk:BankruptOnSelling


text:
Firefighters Association of the State of New York

The Firefighters Association of the State of New York, more commonly known as FASNY, is an organization whose mission is to educate, serve and support volunteer firefighters in New York State. FASNY was founded in 1872 and its main headquarters are in Albany, New York. Originally known as the Firemen’s Association of the State of New York, it changed its name in 2022. FASNY currently has more than 40,000 members. The Firefighters's Association also maintains the FASNY Firemen's Home and the adjacent FASNY Museum of Firefighting in Hudson NY. FASNY provides information, education and training for the volunteer fire and emergency medical services throughout New York State. FASNY strives to recognize the true champions of these services through numerous awards programs. They also recognize educators for their work in fire prevention education. Additionally, FASNY provides legislative representation that monitors and takes action on topics of importance to the services.

Leadership
The current president is John Farrell Jr, the First Vice President is Edward Tase Jr, and the Second Vice President is Eugene J Perry Jr..

Training and education
Each year, FASNY provides training and education programs around the state on a variety of topics. Experts present training to thousands of emergency service providers across the State of New York.

The purpose of the Training and Education Committee is threefold. First, the committee promotes FASNY as the voice of the volunteer fire service in New York State. The second purpose is to increase the membership of FASNY. The final and most important purpose is to reduce the number of injuries and deaths of fire and EMS responders by providing training in safety and other fire and EMS related topics. This training takes place via workshops and programs covering a wide range of fields: administration, Chaplain's, Fire Police, Haz-Mat and emergency response.

Legislation
The FASNY Legislative Committee confronts issues on behalf of its membership on a regular basis, striving to resolve them and provide solutions to future questions and concerns through advocacy.

Awards
Each year, FASNY recognizes achievements in firefighting, EMS, teaching, fire safety education and community service. FASNY also helps recognize those volunteer firefighters who have achieved 50 years of service in New York State.

 * EMS Provider of the Year
 * FASNY Gerard J. Buckenmeyer Volunteer Scholarship
 * Firefighter of the Year
 * Firefighter Recognition 50/100 Year Award
 * Fire Safety Educator of the Year
 * Fire Service Community Achievement Award
 * Golden Trumpet
 * Teacher of the Year
 * Youth Group of the Year

Committees

 * Chaplains Committee
 * Fire Service Community Achievement Award Committee
 * Scholarship Advisory Committee
 * Emergency Medical Services Committee
 * Fire Chiefs Committee
 * Legislative Committee
 * Standards and Codes Task Force Committee
 * Membership Committee
 * Training and Education Committee
 * Firefighter of the Year Committee
 * Member Services Committee
 * Two Percent Tax Committee
 * Fire Police Committee
 * Public Relations Committee
 * Ways and Means Committee
 * Fire Prevention and Life Safety Committee
 * Recruitment and Retention Committee
 * Youth in the Fire Service Committee

Firemen's Home
The FASNY Firemen’s Home is a 126000 sqft facility designed with the members’ comfort in mind. Specialized rehabilitation for both younger and older members includes health care, the camaraderie of socializing with fellow firefighters, and continued connections to firefighting activities.

Licensed by the New York State Department of Health.

Federal Credit Union
The FASNY Federal Credit Union is chartered to serve the financial needs of members, immediate family members and employees of the Firemen's Association of the State of New York (FASNY) and the Firemen's Home, volunteer organizations such as fire departments, districts, fire companies, EMS and ambulance squads. Also included are members of LAFASNY, as well as employees, State, Department, and Personal members of the National Volunteer Fire Council (NVFC).

Museum of Firefighting
The FASNY Museum of Firefighting is home to years of firefighting history in New York State. At the 51st State Firemen's Convention held in Hudson in 1923, a resolution signed by the Presidents and Secretaries of both the Volunteer Firemen's Association and the Exempt Firemen's Association of the City of New York said that if the State Association of the Firemen's Home would authorize the erection of a suitable building for a museum, four fire engines, one built in England in 1725, a Gooseneck more than one hundred years old, a piano-style engine 63 years old and a double-deck engine, would all be donated as the first pieces.

So, amid much anticipation, the Museum was built with a center hall 49 ft long with two adjoining wings 24 ft long, amounting to 2600 sqft of museum space. At 3 am on the morning of November 12, 1925, six large trucks brought the valuable collection up from New York City. The items were numbered and cataloged and then placed on display. The Museum was dedicated on Memorial Day 1926 with appropriate ceremonies.

In order to accommodate the numerous donations to the Museum, additions were necessary. The first addition was added in 1957, 31 years after the initial opening. The second addition came in 1972, with another expansion in 1989, and yet another in 2000 adding to the current size, totaling more than 50000 sqft.

History
In August 1872 as the parade moved along the main street of Auburn, N.Y., a state convention of a benevolent organization had just concluded one of its annual meetings and the members were passing review of the town folk. A group of local volunteer firemen stood on the curb watching, when one of them, whose name history does not record, spoke up, asking: “Why not have a firemen’s convention?” Little did any of those boys realize at the time that this chance remark would provide the incentive for the formation of what was to become one of the largest organizations in the state.

Word was passed around in the various fire companies that they were to meet soon to consider organizing the details for a permanent Firemen's Association. On September 2 the members of the Auburn fire department met at the courthouse. After “much free and uninterrupted discussion” it was agreed that each of the six fire companies at their next monthly meetings would select three members to act as a committee. This steering committee was to meet with the officers of the department on September 6 to present the report relative to forming a national firemen's association.

Three members each from Logan Hook and Ladder Co. No. 1, Neptune Hose Co. No. 1, Auburn Hose Co. No. 2, Niagara Hose Co. No. 3, Cayuga Hose Co. No. 4 and Union Hose Co. No. 5 were selected at the regular monthly meetings of the companies on September 4. This committee met the next evening and prepared a report, which was presented at the September 6th meeting of the entire fire department.

The report was in the form of a resolution stating that the object of the association be “co-operative in nature and with the view to improve the general government of the fire departments, the discussion and adoption of modern and improved fire apparatus, as well as a general interchange of ideas and a discussion of important questions pertaining to the various duties of firemen.”

The resolution also called for the appointment of an executive committee of three, with full power, and subordinate committees on finance, entertainment, and reception. It stated that at the convention there shall preside a president, six vice-presidents, one corresponding secretary and one recording secretary, also that each company in all fire departments be entitled to one representative in the convention, his expenses to be defrayed by his respective company.

The report was again read and adopted by clauses. On motion, the following persons were appointed to the respective committees named in the resolution:

Finance Committee George Milk-Logan and Ladder Co. Joseph H. Norris-Neptune Hose Co. George Friend-Auburn Hose Co. N.D. Kierst-Niagara Hose Co. Wright Milk-Cayuga Hose Co. Charles Tallowday-Union Hose Co.

Reception Committee George Smith-Logan Hook and Ladder Co. A. Sanford-Niagara Hose Co. Wright Milk-Cayuga Hose Co. Lewis Montgomery-Union Hose Co.

Entertainment William McEwan-Logan Hook and Ladder Co. Joseph Furness-Neptune Hose Co. H.P. Brown-Cayuga Hose Co.

A meeting of the executive committee was held on September 11. At this meeting it was decided that the first annual Convention of the Firemen's National Association be held in the City of Auburn on Tuesday and Wednesday, October 1 and 2, 1872. It was also decided that each fire company in every fire department in the United States be invited to send one delegate, and that the Chief Engineer of every department be requested to procure a list of the names of the delegates selected in his locality and forward the same to the secretary.

As the day for the opening of the Convention drew near, interest and enthusiasm in the project grew by leaps and bounds. Eleven states sent letters indicating that they would send delegates, though when the Convention opened, only Paterson, NJ and Des Moines, IA were represented. The business community was generous in supplying funds to be used “toward carrying out the purposes of the Committee of Arrangements and the Reception Committee for the hospitable entertainment of all delegates, who will be cared for with a welcome to ensure their best comfort.”

Plans for the first day called for the business of organizing a Firemen's National Convention and “addresses from good speakers.”

In the evening, a Grand Inauguration Ball would be held at the Academy of Music. The second day would be devoted to a parade and amusements. Visiting steam fire engines, hose and other companies would compete in tests, and a trial of the city water works would be given. As a special feature, arrangements were made for a half-mile race between Hose Co. No. 7 of Ithaca and Niagara Hose Co. No. 3 of Auburn.

Invitations were sent to Syracuse, Ithaca and Oswego inviting fire engine companies to be present with their apparatus. For music, the 49th Regiment Band was engaged. The committee let it be known that contributions were being solicited for dinners of the visiting firemen and that baskets of refreshments of any kind should be left at the Academy of Music by 10:00 a.m. on the second day of the Convention.

The morning session began an hour later than the scheduled time period. Only two pieces of business were enacted—the report of the Business Committee and the appointment of the first Executive Committee.

Mr. Smith of Oswego, chairman of the Business Committee presented his report in the form of a Resolution, the main points being "That the firemen of Auburn did a wise and beneficent act in organizing the Convention" and that it was found upon assembling that only a portion of this and other states were represented, "Therefore, Be It Resolved: That this body be known as the Firemen's Association of the State of New York."


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Cape Kormakitis

Cape Kormakitis (Ακρωτήριο Κορμακίτη, Akrotírio Kormakíti, Koruçam Burnu), anciently known as Crommyon or Krommyon (Κρομμύων ἄκρα or Κρομμύου ἄκρα ) and also Crommyacum or Krommyakon (Κρομμυακόν) is a promontory on the north-western coast of the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, located in the self-proclaimed republic of Northern Cyprus. Named after the nearby Maronite village of the same name, the cape marks the northernmost extent of Morphou Bay. The nearest coastal town to Cape Kormakitis is Kyrenia. Anciently, it was opposite to Anemurium in Cilicia on what is now the Turkish mainland.

The Beşparmak Trail, a 255 km long hiking trail, starts at Cape Kormakitis, and follows the Kyrenia Mountains all the way to Cape Apostolos Andreas, the north-easternmost point on Cyprus, at the tip of the Karpaz Peninsula.

title: Cape Kormakitis


text: User talk:204.138.110.15

title: User talk:204.138.110.15


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bad Acid Trip

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 01:15, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Bad Acid Trip
Non-notable band, just released first CD. From their website: ''15 years after its inception Bad Acid Trip ... seems to have solidified their line-up....their seemingly constant line-up changes has never compromised anything for the band except their ability to tour extensively, but never you fear for B.A.T. may soon have a show in your hometown,or somewhere near. '' Well, write again when their "ability to tour extensively" (or some other WP:MUSIC criterion) resurfaces.—Wahoofive (talk) 23:39, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete band fails wikipedia guidelines. JamesBurns 06:33, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Finschhafen District

Finschhafen is a district on the north-east coast of the Morobe province of Papua New Guinea. It is named after the port town of the same name, Finschhafen.

The port was discovered (for Europeans) in 1884 by the German researcher Otto Finsch. In 1885 the German colony of German New Guinea created a town on the site and named it after the discoverer (-hafen = -harbor). Evangelical Lutheran missionaries, organized by Johann Flierl, settled near the town, establishing a Mission station at Simbang, and later at Sattelberg, approximately 5 km away. Malaria was the bane of the town from the start. An epidemic in 1891 caused the colonists to briefly leave and only to return and then leave again ten years later in 1901. Other New Guinea towns were favoured instead, especially Rabaul.

During the Second World War Finschhafen was fought over by Japan and Australia, along with the United States. The Japanese first occupied the town on 10 March 1942. Australian forces, as part of US Rear Admiral Daniel E. Barbey's task force, landed nearby and seized the town in October 1943. (See New Guinea campaigns.)

Many of the original houses were destroyed during the war, and the city was re-developed somewhat further away, in the proximity of the military airport built by the Japanese. The airport was established as an important base for the US Army. Today this airport is used for civilian use (designation FIN).

The district is commonly spelled "Finschaffen" in PNG media. The US World War II base is usually written as "Finschafen" and occasionally "Finschaven" is also used.

title: Finschhafen District


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User talk:Joel D. Reid

Note from ‘the editor’
I'm very open to discussion, especially constructive criticism (I don't really know what I'm doing). One thing I'm pretty uptight about is the idea of 'compliance,' so most of my [non-article-writing] edits are always going to be to bring the article closer to WP guidelines, not to make the article 'closer to how I want it.' If I've made edits that are; contrary to WP style, contrary to WP guidelines, against other policies (there are a lot!), miss the 'spirit' of a WP guideline, or otherwise hurt more than they help, I encourage the reader to let me know (preferably here?).

Cheers all. *grin* Oh, p.s., I love this place. I'd bet you do, too! Don't forget to donate! —Joel D. Reid 13:06, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joel D. Reid


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Great American Scream Machine (Six Flags Great Adventure)

Great American Scream Machine was a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey. The 173 ft ride opened in 1989 as the tallest and fastest looping roller coaster in the world, reaching a maximum speed of 68 mph. It was designed by Ron Toomer and manufactured by Arrow Dynamics, which built two other coasters with similar layouts – Shockwave at Six Flags Great America and Viper at Six Flags Magic Mountain. Great American Scream Machine featured seven inversions including a batwing and double corkscrew. Records set by the ride were succeeded by Viper the following year in 1990. It operated until July 2010 and was replaced by a stand-up roller coaster, Green Lantern, in 2011.

History
The coaster was originally going to be named Ninja, but there were problems with the crowds drawn to the Ninja coasters in other parks. Instead, the name Great American Scream Machine was selected. Great American Scream Machine was announced in September 1988. It opened to the public on April 15, 1989.

The coaster track was painted red and the supports were white. The trains were named Freedom (red), Liberty (white) and Spirit (blue). The ground underneath the ride featured a red and white design resembling the stripes on a waving American flag. The maximum capacity of the ride was 1,680 guests per hour.

The over-the-shoulder restraint handles were made of foam instead of metal. The Scream Machine's on-ride camera was located at the curve before entering the double corkscrew, unlike those of its sister coasters; the cameras on both rides were located at the bottom of the Boomerang.

Modifications
During the 1992–93 off-season, the top of the vertical loops were removed and replaced by track with additional strength bracing. This was due to issues with other Arrow coasters, including Shockwave at Six Flags Great America. The top of the original first loop can be found in the monkeys' enclosure in the Wild Safari at Six Flags Great Adventure. Along with the new loop tops, a trim brake was installed after the first loop. The modifications were used to slightly adjust the speed of the train and to alleviate the stress to the ride’s structure and trains.

In 2005, The Great American Scream Machine and Batman and Robin: The Chiller were repainted.

In 2009, the Liberty (white) train was ad-wrapped as an advertisement for one of the ride's sponsors, got2b Glued Styling Spiking Glue, a hair gel. Assorted signs were also placed on the station platform advertising. It was the first train in the park to feature advertisements, but as this idea spread throughout the Six Flags chain, it was joined by Kingda Ka and El Toro, whose trains feature The Karate Kid and Stride Gum ads, respectively.

In the 2010 operating season, guests noticed that the Liberty (white) train was adwrapped as an advertisement for another ride sponsor, Axe, a grooming product for young males. Signs for the product could be found around the rides entrance.

Removal
During the 2010 season, speculation that Great American Scream Machine was being removed at the end of the season began circulating on message boards, pegging June 30, 2010, as a possible last day of operation. None of the rumors initially were confirmed nor denied until July 1, 2010, when a staff member stated that the coaster was not being removed. In a contradicting statement released on July 5, 2010, Six Flags Great Adventure informally announced the coaster's permanent closure would occur on July 18, 2010, in order to clear space for a new attraction in 2011. The announcement was officially confirmed on the park's website a few days later.

As announced, the ride's last operating day was on July 18, 2010. Deconstruction began soon after, and signs teasing the construction of its replacement were posted. A first look at the outline of the new ride replacing the Scream Machine was revealed on August 6, 2010. Six Flags requested permission from Jackson Township to remove parking spaces from the area behind Superman: Ultimate Flight to accommodate the ride's construction. On September 15, 2010, Six Flags unveiled the new ride as Green Lantern, a stand-up roller coaster relocated from then known as Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom, where it originally operated as Chang. It would be re-themed to the DC Comics Green Lantern superhero.

Following the demolition, only Viper at Six Flags Magic Mountain remained from the original three Arrow installations involving their custom, 7-inversion design. The other one, Shockwave at Six Flags Great America, was demolished in 2002.

Ride experience
After departing the station, the train crossed a transfer track and traveled down a small dip, then completed a 180-degree turn to the left onto the lift hill. After a 173 ft climb, the train dropped 155 ft to the left, reaching a top speed of 68 mi/h. The train then traveled through its first inversion, a 136 foot tall, single vertical loop. After exiting the loop, the train turned to the left and traveled through a double-loop, the first loop being 107 feet tall and the second loop being 97 feet tall. The train then traveled upward with a left turn onto the mid-course brake run. The train came to a complete stop for 2 seconds. The train then dropped down into a boomerang element. After the boomerang, the train made a right turn, where riders' pictures are taken. The train then proceeded to enter the double corkscrew, then completed a 180-degree turn to the left onto the final brake run back into the station.


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Talk:Sheffield Shield

Untitled
This page is erroniously linked-to from the article on Sheffield Wednesday FC (an english Soccer team) on the Wikipedia Main page I don't know how to fix this but I bet it's easy done. ''This is fixed now. Thanks!'' When did the states adopt their nicknames? Here in England we generally ignore them and stick with the plain state names, so I'm not sure when the change was made; I can't quite see "Southern Redbacks" playing in the 1890s! Loganberry (Talk) 23:41, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Winners table
Would it be a good thing to make the table like this: Maybe the colours needed to be adjusted a bit. JPD 10:20, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Looks good. why not? It'd also be good to show the runner up team in the table. -- Ian ≡ talk 10:32, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Yep, looks fine to me. I'd suggest using the one-day colours, but if those are the one-day colours then I see no problem. Runners-up might be a bit hard to dig up, though. Sam Vimes 10:44, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

 * You'd have to go through either cricketarchive or Cricinfo (the latter would probably be marginally better). Having done that for List of Australian intercolonial cricket matches recently, I'm not putting my hand up! -- Ian ≡ talk 13:37, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

 * It would be good (and relatively straighforward) to list runners-up for at least the seasons that had finals. I'll get around to that at some point, if no-one else does first. The one-day uniforms change from year to year, but (thankfully) mainly use the traditional colours. I firstly tried to use the normal colours like this:

 * but they're not so easy to read, so I softened Vic and Qld. It might be easier on the eyes to soften all of them a bit:

 * What do you think? JPD (talk) 14:56, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

or... Ian ≡ talk 00:52, 3 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I like Ian's version - the colours are good (although I'd like to revise my original NSW colour to 66CCFF), and I can read it, but it is a bit garish, which some people can't handle. I notice that similar tables using political party colours tend to use even softer colours. I had a quick look for any similar sporting tables, but the closest I could find was at Premier League, which has the table without colour and a timeline next to it. I have mixed feelings about that approach. JPD (talk) 18:51, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

I have put a version of the table, using the colour scheme I currently like best at User:JPD/Pura Cup. It includes the runners-up since 1982/3, when the Sheffield Shield first had a final to determine the winner. Please comment! JPD (talk) 17:00, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * It is a wee bit garish, especially with the two colours next to each other. Hm. *ponders* Sam Vimes 17:02, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

That was my feeling. I've added an even softer version to that page, but I'm still not sure that having the colour of the runner up is ever going to be a good idea. JPD (talk) 17:39, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I like the second (softer) one as you've got it, and with the runner up coloured. If you're only going to have the winner listed, you may be better using Wiki EasyTimelines (see  for examples), like in Premier League. This on the other hand gives another layer of info. Good work. -- Ian ≡ talk 01:47, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * As I alluded earlier, I'm not sure I like the layout at Premier League, as it seems a bit redundant. On the other hand, the table including the runner's up is growing on me. I'll go ahead and add the second version to the page. I can soften the colours even more, if anyone thinks that's needed. Do you think we should bother digging up runners up for years with no finals, or should only losing finallists be noted as runners-up? JPD (talk) 10:35, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

I'm adding all positions for all years. Does anyone know what tie-breaker method was used in the days before quotients and first innings points? eg 1892/93 Victoria won, but did NSW or SA come second?

Fair use rationale for Image:Pura Cup logo.jpg
Image:Pura Cup logo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:04, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Name change
What would be the reaction if I suggested renaming this article to Sheffield Shield? At the moment, I think it's a good idea. If the naming sponsor was ever to change, I think it would be an excellent idea. (Incidentally I posted the same discussion on Ford Ranger One Day Cup - the reasoning for that article is better because it has had about 8 different names, but it doesn't have a obvious "neutral name".) -- Chuq (talk) 09:22, 27 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I actually came here to post the same thing if you can believe that. The NRL and AFL articles aren't called the Telstra/Toyota Premiership either, I think this should be renamed to the Sheffield Shield fwiw. Bongomanrae (talk) 09:56, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Well todays announcement solved this problem for us :) -- Chuq (talk) 07:55, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

Batting averages in the records section
The qualification of 20 innings is completely unrealistic in the modern competition, since the teams only play ten games in the normal season. StAnselm (talk) 10:19, 22 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I was reading it as a season's average. My mistake. StAnselm (talk) 08:59, 11 April 2015 (UTC)

Darren Lehmann's runs record
In the intro section, in the box to the right, the most runs record is incorrect. It reads 12971 but should be 13635. Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Australis Lupus (talk • contribs) 21:55, 25 January 2020 (UTC)

Is there now, or has there ever been, an actual metal shield?
This article doesn't discuss if an actual shield exists now or has ever existed. The Stanley Cup articles says "There are actually three Stanley Cups:..." and then goes on to describe them. There should be a similar discussion in this article. Iloilo Wanderer (talk) 10:14, 24 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, there is a real shield. It's wood and metal. It's disappointing that we don't have picture of it. A Google image search will help you find it. With luck, you can see it here. HiLo48 (talk) 10:21, 24 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sheffield Shield


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User:Icefire Saphirae

Hello! I am a newbie... Just so you know.... --Icefire Saphirae

title: User:Icefire Saphirae


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John Gordon Lane

John Gordon Lane (August 5, 1916 – August 9, 2001) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1971 to 1987 as a Progressive Conservative.

Background
Lane was born on Barrie Island, Ontario, the eldest son of six children of George and Martha Lane who farmed on Barrie Island almost all their adult lives. His father George was born in England and migrated to Canada around 1890. Lane was educated at Ontario schools until age fourteen, and worked as a farmer and insurance executive. With wife Louise, he had two children, Sharon and Ronald.

Politics
Lane served as a councillor in Barrie Island from 1941 to 1960, and as a councillor in Gore Bay for four years. He was mayor of Gore Bay from 1967 to 1972.

He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1971 provincial election, defeating New Democrat Roger Taylor by 1,298 votes in the northern constituency of Algoma—Manitoulin. Lane defeated NDP challenger Winston Baker by 1,127 votes in the 1975 election, and won more convincingly in 1977. He did not face serious challenges in the elections of 1981 and 1985.

Lane was a government backbencher until 1985, when the Progressive Conservative ministry led by Frank Miller was defeated in the legislature. In opposition, he served as his party's critic for Agriculture and Tourism and Recreation. He did not run for re-election in the 1987 provincial election because he wished to spend more time with his family.

Lane was known as a strong defender of his constituency interests. Premier Bill Davis once singled out Lane and Ron McNeil as the two backbenchers who most frequently wrote to him about constituency issues. Also a strong defender of northern interests, Lane supported the creation of a Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, and served as parliamentary assistant to the first minister.

Later life
Lane died in 2001, four days after his 85th birthday. Members of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario spoke in his honour on October 1 of the same year.

title: John Gordon Lane


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Soulcalibur III

Soulcalibur III (ソウルキャリバーIII) is a fighting video game produced by Namco as a sequel to Soulcalibur II and the fourth installment in the Soulcalibur series. It was originally released for the PlayStation 2 in 2005. An improved arcade version, Soulcalibur III: Arcade Edition, was released in 2006. It was the last Soulcalibur game to receive an arcade version, as IV onwards did not have an arcade release, and was also the last to be released by Namco as an independent company, as it would merge with Bandai's video game division to form Bandai Namco Entertainment in 2006.

Gameplay

The game includes new modes such as Tales of Souls, an interactive story-driven mode comparable to Edge Master Mode from Soul Edge; Character Creation, in which players can create custom characters from 13 total occupations, with multiple weapons and fighting styles; and Chronicles of the Sword, a real-time-play mode that allows players to take their created souls through adventures of their own. The game also has the largest character roster — 24 characters playable in Tales of Souls mode and an additional 18 playable in all other modes — and largest battle stage selection in Soul series history.

The Character Creation Mode allows the player to choose from several classes, clothing and armor, and physical features. Most of the classes can use up to five disciplines, three of which are unique, and two of which are "Soul of ..." disciplines: an exact replica of a main story character's moves. The created fighter's personality can be altered, which influences their quotes and their actions during battle. However, the personality is chosen by the equipment the character wears, and not directly by the player.

The Soul Arena is a mode that allows both the eight-match Quick Play (the standard Arcade Mode of the game), which is light on story and allows a speedy confrontation with Abyss, as well as the pre-defined Missions which include variations on the standard matches. There is a World Competition mode created to simulate tournament rounds (of either eliminations or Round Robin) against the CPU.

The Tales of Souls mode is presented as a book, narrating the selected character's story in detail during various chapters. The player can input button combos when an icon appears in the top right-hand corner during cut scene movies. The cut scenes can have different outcomes depending on whether the player successfully inputs the sequence. During movies that precede a battle after the cut scene ends, not inputting the code could result in the player starting the subsequent battle with a disadvantageous effect.

Although the Mortal Kombat, Dead or Alive, and Street Fighter series all supported online play, Soulcalibur III does not. The game's producer Hiroaki Yotoriyama said "At the current time, the online infrastructure is extremely different between countries, and there are people that can not enjoy network gaming. We've decided to concentrate on improving the game's offline content and its characters so that people all over the world will be able to have fun."

Chronicles of the Sword
Chronicles of the Sword is a single player mode gametype that combines Real Time Strategy (RTS) gameplay with the standard Soul Calibur fights. It begins with the player starting out as a new commander for the Grandall Empire. There are 20 chronicles, which are essentially a map of objectives to defeat. After the objectives are satisfied, the player moves on to the next map, which get more difficult as the player progresses.

In this mode, the player and computer send out their "troops", and a commander. The player must fight their enemies and take their strongholds scattered through the level. The player may allow his troops/commander to fight on the RTS board, or choose to do a traditional Soul Calibur battle with various characters for each side. The player can lose property if they lose on the RTS board; a risk not present when fighting in the traditional Soul Calibur style.

Chronicles of the Sword and the other modes are tied together, as well. Disciplines, costumes/armor, weapons, characters, and various aesthetics and skills carry over from one mode to another, and each rely on the other to unlock items. You cannot, for example, use certain skills or weapons without unlocking the proper discipline(s), and this could be based on playing different modes. All rewards are valid in all modes.

Characters
The main three new warriors in the game are Zasalamel, Tira and Setsuka, all with totally different fighting styles than other series fighters. Nearly all of the warriors previously featured in Soul series titles return, with the exception of Inferno, Necrid, Seong Han-myeong, Edge Master and the console-exclusive Soulcalibur II special guests (Heihachi, Link, and Spawn). Soulcalibur II's mimic character Charade does return in a non-playable form, as do the generic Lizardmen.

Unlockable characters include personnel in the Chronicles of the Sword, opponents from the Tales of Souls mode, and the weapon, armor, and item shop owners. In the Character Creation mode, players can re-create KOS-MOS from the Xenosaga series as well as Taira No Kagekiyo from Genpei Tōma Den and Gilgamesh from The Tower of Druaga and even Valkyrie from Valkyrie no Densetsu.

Plot
This game takes place shortly after the events of Soulcalibur II, in 1590. The amount of time is not specified, but taking into account the various characters' profiles, a minimum of four months has already passed (one month needed to carry Kilik and Xianghua back to his master's hermit, three months that took Kilik to surpass his master's training).

The wicked Soul Edge survived its fated encounter with the wielder of Soulcalibur, Xianghua, and restored its control over the body of Siegfried Schtauffen, turning him back into the Azure Knight Nightmare. Four years later, Nightmare was about to restore Soul Edge, when suddenly a man named Raphael appeared, intending on taking Soul Edge. Nightmare defeated the attacker, but was distracted by Siegfried's latent will trying to restore his body. Using the distraction, Raphael pierced Soul Edge's eye, giving Siegfried the edge he needed to break free from Soul Edge's control once again.

After waking up, Siegfried found the holy sword, free from its entrapment within the wicked sword, and out of instinct used it to pierce Soul Edge. The result led to both swords sealed together in a fateful embrace, an "Embrace of Souls". Siegfried took both weapons and started a quest to find a definitive way of sealing Soul Edge, but memories of his slaughters, plus the attacks of those resentful of the Azure Knight, drove his mind towards insanity. Unbeknownst to him, the evil soul of the blade escaped and obtained a temporary shell, starting a new killing spree to strengthen himself while seeking its body, Soul Edge.

What neither of the two warriors knows is that a man behind the scenes is controlling their steps, searching to end an everlasting curse. And that many other warriors ventured in search of the blade as well.

Release
The console version of the game was first released in North America on October 25, 2005. A soundtrack for the game was released as Soulcalibur III Original Soundtrack - Legend of Sounds. Two guide books were released in Japan in November–December 2005: Famitsu's Soul Calibur III Starting Guide Book and Namco's own Soul Calibur III Official Complete Guide.

Soulcalibur III: Arcade Edition
Soulcalibur III: Arcade Edition is a re-tuned and glitch-fixed version of Soulcalibur III that was first released in the arcades on April 3, 2006. Almost the entire cast from the home version returns as playable characters except Abyss, who is now a non-playable boss character alongside Night Terror. From the 17 bonus characters only three made it into the arcade: Hwang Seong-gyeong, Li Long and Amy Sorel, who have been reworked and expanded into more deep playing styles. The total roster of the arcade ascends to 27 selectable characters.

The game has three different modes: Training Mode, where one can try the characters' moves for a set time; Standard Mode, which is a traditional arcade mode with nine battles in a row, without cut scenes or endings; and Legends Mode, a complex eight-round mode based upon the creation of and competition between customized characters with accumulated skills taken from the home version's Chronicles of the Sword mode, such as increased stamina or the ability to automatically escape grapples.

The Standard mode brings back Inferno as a sub boss character (Stage 8). The only difference is Inferno will now only use a move set similar to Cervantes instead of randomly doing the moves of any character.

Technical issues
If the player moves, deletes or does anything to any piece of data on a memory card that was created before a Chronicles of the Sword save file, the save file will become corrupt and unreadable, and sometimes has the potential of also corrupting all of Soulcalibur III's save data. This could also leave a block of corrupted data on the memory card that can't be deleted. This will force players to start the game all over again. The only way to prevent this is to have a Soulcalibur III save file as the first saved on the player's memory card.

Reception
The game has generally positive reviews with an aggregate score of 86/100 on Metacritic. IGN lauded it for its "stunning environment" and "charming characters" but thought that the game could use more diverse sound effects. GameSpot praised the "fun, fast-paced gameplay" but criticized the lack of online play.

Awards

 * E3 2005 Game Critics Awards: Best Fighting Game
 * E3 2005 GameSpot Awards: Best Fighting Game
 * IGN: Best Fighting Game of 2005
 * AIAS 9th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards: Fighting Game of the Year

In 2011, Complex ranked it as the 34th best fighting game of all time.

Collectible card game
Soulcalibur III is part of the Universal Fighting System collectible card game, created by Sabertooth Games and later published by Fantasy Flight Games. It was one of the official founding franchises of the card game, next to Street Fighter, when the game was released April 2006. UFS has seen five expansions based on Soulcalibur III's characters and history.

title: Soulcalibur III


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Vicat softening point

Vicat softening temperature or Vicat hardness is the determination of the softening point for materials that have no definite melting point, such as plastics. It is taken as the temperature at which the specimen is penetrated to a depth of $1 mm$ by a flat-ended needle with a $1 mm2$ circular or square cross-section. For the Vicat A test, a load of $10 N$ is used. For the Vicat B test, the load is $50 N$. It is named after the French engineer Louis Vicat.

Standards to determine Vicat softening point include ASTM D 1525 and ISO 306, which are largely equivalent.

The vicat softening temperature can be used to compare the heat-characteristics of different materials.

Four different methods may be used for testing.

ISO 10350 Note

ISO 10350 Vicat values are tested using the B50 method.

Similar Standards: ASTM D1525

title: Vicat softening point


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Morphou Bay

Morphou Bay (Κόλπος Μόρφου, Kolpos Morfou; Güzelyurt Körfezi), is a part of the Mediterranean Sea, located on the north-western side of the island of Cyprus. It is named after the nearby inland town of Morphou (Μόρφου; Güzelyurt).

The Morphou Bay region is home to a couple of historical sites, the ancient Greek city of Soli and the ruins known as Vouni Palace.

The bay forms the westernmost seaboard of the break-away Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which claims the bay as its own territorial waters. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus has received diplomatic recognition only from Turkey, on which it is dependent economically, politically and militarily. The rest of the international community, including the United Nations and European Union, recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire island, including Morphou Bay. It was here that Turkey began landing supplies and volunteers to assist the Turkish Cypriots when the intercommunal violence between the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities started in December 1963.

title: Morphou Bay


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User talk:Alec74

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You (Talk) 23:45, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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Rome as the largest municipality in Europe
This is simply not true. There are many municipalities in Europe that are larger by area. For instance I know lots of Norwegian municipalities that are much larger by area, like Kautokeino, the largest Norwegian municipality, with an area of almost 10.000 km². And there are lots of larger ones in Sweden, too. But I'm curious to know where you've read that Rome is the largest in Europe? Because that source is clearly wrong. Shanes 12:55, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I received your mail about Municipalities in Europe. Thanks for looking into this.
 * Yes, there are differences between countries in what defines a municipality (or commune), and thats probably why there aren't many rankings of municipalities from different countries around. That said, the Norwegian municipalities are very much "real" municipalities in that they constitutes an administrative unit governed by a Mayor running a municipality council etc. That many Norwegian municipalities are very thinly populated is of course true, but that's beside the point here. (Unless you want to write that "Rome is the largest municipality by area if one only counts municipalities with a population of more than 100.000" or something like that). The most populated Norwegian municipality I can find with an area larger than Rome is Tromsø (Area: 2,566 km² and population 61,897). But there are 17 municipalities in Norway larger than Tromsø by area. I also found a List of municipalities of Sweden by area, listing more than 70 municipalities larger than Rome. And List of Finnish municipalities by area has 47 municipalities larger than Rome. I haven't checked other countries, but wouldn't be surprised if there are some in Russia larger by area, too.

 * Oh, well. I guess it's ok to put it like you did saying that Rome is one of the largest. Even if there are a couple of hundred larger municipalities in Europe, it all depends on what "one of the largest" means. I guess it could mean one of the 200 largest, too. But maybe the largest in Southern Europe or largest in Italy would be a more accurate and actually interesting statement. Or maybe that it's the largest among state capitals, which is also a somewhat interesting fact maybe worth stating. I don't know. That there aren't any clear definition of what a municipality is makes the whole topic a bit obscure.

 * Shanes 14:34, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Model of ancient Rome.jpg.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Model of ancient Rome.jpg.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Could you add a tag to let us know its copyright status? (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know on the image description page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Otherwise, see Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. Thanks so much. --Error 03:06, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Project.jpg
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Image Copyright Problem RE: Image:Moschea7.jpg
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 * The copyright status

The copyright holder is usually the creator. If the creator was paid to make this image, then their employer may be the copyright holder. If several people collaborated, then there may be more than one copyright holder. If you created this image, then you are the copyright holder.

Because of the large number of images on Wikipedia, we've sorted them using image copyright tags. Just find the right tag corresponding to the copyright status of this image, and paste it onto the image description page like this:.

There are 3 basic ways to licence an image on Wikipedia:
 * An open content licence
 * Public Domain
 * Fair Use

 * The copyright holder gets the best protection of his work by licencing their work under an open content license like the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike licence. If you have the express permission of the copyright holder to licence their work under the above licence, use the image copyright tag: cc-by-sa-2.5.  The GNU Free Documentation License is another choice for licencing one's work.  Again, if you have the express permission of the copyright holder, use the tag: GFDL.

 * The copyright holder can also release his work into the public domain, see here for images released into the public domain.

 * Images from certain sources are automatically release into the Public Domain. This is true for most governments like the federal United States government. (See   here  for images from the government of the USA and here for other governments)  However not all governments release their work into the public domain, such as the UK government (See herefor images from the UK government).  Non-free licence governments are listed here.

 * Also, in some cases, an image is copyrighted but allowed on Wikipedia because of Fair Use. To see if this image qualifies and then how to tag it, see Fair use.

For any other sources of for more information see Image copyright tags. Please remember that if you don't tag your images, they will be deleted.

 * P.S. If you have uploaded other images without including copyright tags, please go back and tag them.  Also, please tag all images that you upload in the future.

If you have any questions, just leave a message on my talk page. Thanks again. --Secretlondon 23:45, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Eur09.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Eur09.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. -- Longhair 10:59, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Roma01.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Roma01.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. – Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 06:36, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alec74


text:
USS Lardner (DD-286)

The first USS Lardner (DD-286) was a Clemson-class destroyer in service with the United States Navy from 1919 to 1930. She was scrapped in 1931.

History
Lardner was named for James L. Lardner. She was launched by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Squantum, Massachusetts, 29 September 1919; sponsored by Miss Margaret Large, granddaughter of Rear Admiral Lardner; and commissioned 10 December 1919.

Assigned to Destroyer Force, Atlantic Fleet, Lardner departed Newport, Rhode Island, for Cuba where she participated in tactical exercises, battle practice. and fleet maneuvers. She returned to Boston, Massachusetts 15 May 1920 and operated with destroyer squadrons patrolling off the Florida coast. On 28 August she joined the reserve fleet at Charleston, South Carolina to train Naval Reservists until departing for Jacksonville, Florida, in April 1921.

Lardner operated along the Atlantic coast through 1921 and 1922. In January 1923, she departed Boston and joined the Scouting Fleet off Cuba and in February joined the Pacific Fleet off Panama. Lardner departed for the United States arriving Norfolk, Virginia 24 April 1923 for refit, and then rejoined the Scouting Fleet off the New England coast until the winter when she sailed for the Caribbean, returning to the United States in the spring of 1924. She patrolled along the Atlantic coast until September 1925, and then departed New York for Guantanamo and Haiti returning to Charleston, 28 April 1926.

Lardner joined Destroyer Division 27 on 17 June 1926, visiting several ports in northern Europe. September found Lardner off Gibraltar and in the Mediterranean, visiting various ports. Lardner departed for the United States towing USS Scorpion (PY-3), arriving at Philadelphia 12 July 1927. Between August 1927 and September 1929, Lardner continued operations along the Atlantic coast with annual winter cruises to the Caribbean, often training Naval Reservists.

Fate
Lardner decommissioned at Philadelphia 1 May 1930, in accordance with the London Naval Treaty, and was struck from the Navy Register 22 October 1930. She was sold for scrapping to the Boston Iron & Metal Company, Baltimore, Maryland, 17 January 1931.

title: USS Lardner (DD-286)


text:
Adaptive clothing

Adaptive clothing is clothing designed around the needs and abilities of people with varying degrees of disability, including congenital disabilities, acquired disabilities (such as the result of an injury, illness or accident), age (elderly people may have trouble with opening and closing buttons ) and temporary disabilities, as well as physical disabilities. Adaptive clothing is influenced by factors such as age, disability type, level of independence, mobility and dexterity, as well as whether a person requires help when dressing, such as from a caregiver. People who struggle with zippers, shoelaces, buttons or even fabrics and texture due to a type of disability may need adaptive clothing. Most adaptive clothing designs are taken from general-market clothing, the comfort of which began to increase in the 1950s, with new technologies such as elastic waistbands and stretchy fabrics.

Adaptive clothing is utilized by people with a wide range of disabilities, from wheelchair users and people with visible disabilities to those whose disabilities are not as visible, but still find themselves limited by the construction of typical clothing. Those with autism may experience sensory sensitivities to certain fabrics, which is not a visible ailment. There is also use of adaptive clothing by the elderly and children with and without disabilities, to make it easier to operate their clothing without assistance or to assist caregivers in dressing the user. Adaptive design, a core component of adaptive clothing design and construction, proactively addresses these foreseen limitations by adapting clothing to the user, benefitting both them and caregivers or healthcare professionals to be more efficient, increasing independence, as well as preventing potential back and shoulder injuries. If both functional and fashionable, adaptive clothing can increase an individual's quality of life and confidence.

Types of adaptations
There are some other adaptations that take place in order to make the clothes as comfortable as possible for these individuals.

One example is breathability as well as using natural fibres as to not irritate the skin. Another is specialized garment patterns, seams, and closures, for example having outward facing seams in order to not irritate skin or closures that are easily opened and close like magnets. Being able to adjust temperature is important because people with physical disabilities sometimes have different temperature needs than others. Adaptive clothing typically incorporates flat seams to reduce friction, and discreet adaptations that provide an outward appearance as consistent with fashion norms as possible. For example, pants can have longer inseams in the back to provide more coverage for wheelchair users. These adaptations may include easy-access snap fasteners and velcro fastenings, fabric that stretches in one or both directions, clothing design with room to accommodate incontinence aids, a longer rise in the back of trousers to accommodate wheelchair users, and an elasticated waist for increased comfort and easier dressing.

Individuals with limited or no dexterity may experience difficulty in manipulating certain fastenings, such as buttons and zippers. For this reason, it is common for adaptive clothing to utilize velcro or magnetic closures in the place of closures that would require more dexterity.

Similarly, disabled people whose mobility limits them from engaging in the typical full range of motion commonly experience difficulty when dressing in clothing that must be pulled up from the feet or pulled over the head; as such, adaptive clothing may feature hidden flap-openings or additional closures that allow the garment itself to be pulled on without having to bend over or reach up. These may take the form of velcro flaps at the neck and shoulders, allowing the neckline to expand when the garment is pulled down over the head. The same adjustments may also be made for shoes and other accessories, with velcro closures being the most common feature in adaptive shoes.

The development of adaptive-functional clothing tailored to the needs of individuals with disabilities is a complex undertaking that necessitates ongoing research and draws upon knowledge from various fields. The sophistication of these garments designed for the disabled hinges on two primary factors. First, the clothing should incorporate an aesthetic dimension, ensuring it aligns with the aesthetic preferences of individuals with disabilities without emphasizing their impairments. This clothing should promote psychological well-being, maintain a harmonious color palette, and contribute to concealing any disabilities. Second, the clothing should be attuned to the physical characteristics of the disabled individuals, both in static and dynamic situations, taking into account factors such as age, health status, and other relevant considerations. Furthermore, the clothing should offer comfort during both the dressing and undressing processes, requiring as little physical effort as possible.

Factors of design
Clothing is designed with human, environment, and, obviously, clothing in mind. This is called the “Human-Clothing-Environment.” These 3 factors contribute to the design of each piece of clothing. The human category is further broken down into subcategories, which includes visible or invisible disabilities and how that affects the user of an article of clothing. Only when all of the “Human-Clothing-Environment” is in equilibrium will the clothing be comfortable, functional, and fashionable for the user.

There is a process by which clothing creators may follow to design more functional clothing articles. The first step is to identify the problem at which they are trying to solve. For example, are there issues with zippers or buttons, or does the wearer use a wheelchair? Next the get preliminary ideas. After making initial designs and seeing what works and what doesn’t, creators make design refinements. Finally, it comes time to make a prototype. Once the prototype it done, it will be evaluated for its form and function. If it does not meet the criteria, the design process is repeated, starting where the creator believes the mistakes were first made. At the end of the process, the clothing design can be implemented and used.

title: Adaptive clothing