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Dempsey

Dempsey is a surname of Irish origin.

Background
Dempsey is an anglicised form of Ó Díomasaigh, 'descendant of Díomasach'; this personal name is the Irish adjective díomasach 'proud'. The family originated in the Kingdom of Uí Failghe.

According to John Grenham:

"In the original Irish Dempsey is Ó Diomasaigh, from diomasach, meaning "proud" or "arrogant". The name was also occasionally anglicised "Proudman". The Ó Diomasaigh originated in the territory of Clanmalier, on the borders of what are now counties Laois and Offaly, and remained powerful in the area until the seventeenth century. In the 12th century, Henry II set his court up in Dublin and summoned the Leinster Chiefs. The O’Dempsey, Chief of Offaly, refused to attend. Strongbow together with his son-in-law De Quincy marched into the O'Dempsey territory to take land by force. In a famous battle the O'Dempsey together with his followers routed the Normans with great slaughter, an action that kept the Normans out of the Dempsey territories for over 300 years. In later years, their allegiance was to the English and they were involved with the newcomers in the massacre of the O’Lalors in Laois in 1577, an action which local tradition says was responsible for their later losses. Sir Terence: son of Dermod Ruadh; was knighted in May 1599 for services to the Crown by Robert Devereux, earl of Essex, lord lieutenant of Ireland; Charles the first recognised the strength of the family by granting the English titles of Viscount Clanmaliera and Baron Philipstown in 1631 to Terence O'Dempsey. (PJ Goode – The O'Dempsey Chronicles) The loyalty of the family to the Crown was short-lived, however, and the Williamite wars later in the century destroyed their power and scattered them."

Another source states:

"The O'Dempsey family derive their name from Diummasach, an 11th-century Uí Failge prince of the Clann Máel Ugra, aka Cenél Maoilughra. The Clann Máel Úgra, in turn, took their name from Máelaugrai, an Uí Failge chieftain who flourished in the middle of the 9th century. The center of their territory, anglicized Clanmalier, was near Ballybrittas in northeast Co. Leix. Their power later extended into the barony of Upper Phillipstown. O'Donovan, in his Ordnance Survey letters, places Clann-Maoilughra in the present Barony of Upper Philipstown in the King's County and the Barony of Portnahinch in the Queen's County."

According to historian C. Thomas Cairney, the O'Dempseys were one of the chiefly families of the Ui Failghe who in turn were a tribe from the Dumnonii or Laigin who were the third wave of Celts to settle in Ireland during the first century BC.

Descent
An Ó Diomasaigh genealogy records the following: Flann m. Máel Ruanaid m. Cellaich m. Máel Augra m. Conchobuir m. Áeda m. Tomaltajich m. Flaind m. Díumasaich m. Congaile m. Forannáin m. Congaile m. Máel h-Umai m. Cathail m. Bruidge m. Nath Í m. Rosa Failgi.

The final person may be identical with Failge Berraide (fl. 507–514), a king of the Uí Failghe and of Laigin descent.

A new bloodline has been recently traced to when the Dempseys came to America. When the family known as the Dempseys got off the boat, they were asked their legal names by American officials, who would put them in the American records, making them a citizen, it was misspelt Dimsey, therefore creating the Dimsey bloodline. Another group of the family came on the boat, and was correctly identified as Dempsey, leading to the American Dempsey bloodline. Similarly, Dempcy dating back to the Revolutionary War, was also a misspelling of Dempsey.

Dempseys in the annals
The Irish annals list a number of members of the family:

 * 789: Áedh [grandfather of Máelaugrai] was slain by Óengus son of Mugrón, king of Uí Failghe, in the oratory of Kilclonfert.
 * 1141: Donnchadh, son of Goll Gaibhle, i.e. Ua Conchobhair Failghe, was killed by the Uí Failghe themselves, i.e. the Clann-Maelughra.
 * 1161: Domhnall, son of Conghalach, son of Cuaifne Ua Conchobhair Failghe, Tanist of Uí Failghe, was slain by the Clann-Maelughra.
 * 1164: Maelseachlainn Ua Conchobhair Failghe, was slain by the Clann-Maelughra.
 * 1193: Diarmait, son of Cubrogam Ua Diumasaigh, chief of Clann-Mailighra and king of Uí Failghe for a long time, died.
 * 1383: Dermot O'Dempsy, Lord of Kinel-Maoilughra, was slain by the English.
 * 1394: Thomas O'Dempsy, heir to the lordship of Clann-Maoilughra, was slain by the English.

Other Dempsey families
An unrelated family, rendered in Irish as Mac Diomasaigh, are found in County Antrim and its neighbouring counties.

Bearers of the name
Notable people with the surname Dempsey include:
 * Amy Dempsey (born 1963), American art historian
 * Bill Dempsey (born 1942), former Australian rules footballer
 * Bill Dempsey (footballer) (1896–1967), English footballer
 * Candace Dempsey, American author, journalist and travel writer
 * Cedric Dempsey, former American sports executive
 * Chester Dempsey (1896–1969) American farmer and politician
 * Clint Dempsey (born 1983), American soccer player
 * Courtenay Dempsey (born 1987), Australian rules footballer
 * Damien Dempsey, Irish singer and songwriter
 * Dan Dempsey, Australian rugby league footballer
 * Denis Dempsey (1826–1896), Irish soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Donald Dempsey (c. 1932 – 2005), American recording executive
 * Ed Dempsey, Canadian ice hockey coach
 * Frank Dempsey (1925–2013), American football player
 * Gary Dempsey, multiple people
 * George Dempsey, multiple people
 * Girvan Dempsey (born 1975), Irish rugby union footballer
 * Henry Dempsey, pilot who survived being sucked out of an airborne Beechcraft 99 aircraft in 1987
 * Holli Dempsey, British actor
 * Ian Dempsey (born 1961), Irish radio presenter
 * Jack Dempsey (1895–1983), American boxer
 * Jack Dempsey (disambiguation), other people with this name
 * James Dempsey (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Jillian Dempsey (born 1991), American ice hockey player
 * Jillian Lee Dempsey, American inorganic chemist
 * John Dempsey, multiple people
 * Judy Dempsey (born 1956), Irish journalist and researcher
 * Julia Dempsey (known as Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey), American religious sister, nurse and hospital administrator
 * Kyle Dempsey (born 1995) English footballer
 * Lawrence Dempsey (died 1690), an Irish soldier
 * Lorcan Dempsey (born 1958), Irish library information expert
 * Luke Dempsey (born 1979/1980), Irish Gaelic football manager
 * Mark Dempsey, multiple people
 * Martin Dempsey (born 1952), American general, 18th chairman, US Joint Chiefs of Staff
 * Michael Dempsey, multiple people
 * Mick Dempsey, Irish Gaelic footballer
 * Miles Dempsey (1896–1969), British general of World War II
 * Nathan Dempsey (born 1974), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Nick Dempsey (born 1980), English windsurfer
 * Nicola Dempsey (fl. 2015–), one half of comedy duo Flo and Joan
 * Noel Dempsey (born 1953), Irish politician
 * Nonpareil Dempsey (1862–1895), ring name of Irish-born American boxer John Kelly
 * Patrick Dempsey (born 1966), American actor and race car driver
 * Paul Dempsey (born 1976), Australian rock musician
 * Ray Dempsey, Irish Gaelic footballer
 * Rey Dempsey, retired American college football coach
 * Richard Dempsey (born 1974), English actor
 * Rick Dempsey (born 1949), retired American baseball player
 * Rosemary Dempsey, American feminist activist
 * Rosie Dempsey (fl. 2015–), one half of comedy duo Flo and Joan
 * Sandra Dempsey, Canadian playwright
 * Sandy Dempsey (1949–1975), actress
 * Shawna Dempsey, Canadian performance artist
 * S. Wallace Dempsey (1862–1949), American Republican politician, Congressman 1915–1931
 * Thomas Dempsey (disambiguation) or Tom Dempsey, multiple people
 * Tommy Dempsey, American college basketball coach
 * Tony Dempsey (politician) (born 1944), Irish Fianna Fáil politician, TD 2002–2007
 * Travis Demsey, born Travis Dempsey, Australian musician

As a given name:
 * Dempsey Bob (born 1948), Canadian woodcarver
 * Dempsey Burges (1751–1800), American politician, Congressman 1795–1799
 * Dempsey Wilson (1927–1971), American racecar driver
 * P. Dempsey Tabler (1876–1956), American actor, athlete and businessman

Fictional Characters:
 * "Tank" Dempsey (born before 1917), fictional U.S Marine from Call of Duty: Black Ops's Zombies mode
 * Zach Dempsey, a character in the novel and Netflix series 13 Reasons Why

title: Dempsey


text: User talk:70.58.43.157

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:70.58.43.157


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Delbert Black

Delbert D. Black (11 July 1922 – 5 March 2000) was a senior sailor in the United States Navy who served as the first Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy from 13 January 1967 to 1 April 1971.

Early life and family
Black was born in Orr, Oklahoma, graduating from high school in 1940. He enlisted in the United States Navy on 14 March 1941. Delbert "Del" Black was married to Ima Black for 50 years and had a son Donny D. Black. Grandfather to Dylan and Nathan Black.

Naval career
Upon completion of recruit training in San Diego, Black was assigned to the USS Maryland (BB-46) and was aboard during the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. He later served at Receiving Station, Pearl Harbor; USS Doyle C. Barnes (DE-353); Naval Air Base Samar, Philippines; USS Gardiners Bay (AVP-39), USS Boxer (CVA-21); USS Antietam (CVA-36); U.S. Navy Ceremonial Guard, Washington, D.C.; Yokosuka, Japan ship repair facilities; USS Brush (DD-745); USS Carpenter (DDE-825); USS Norfolk (DL-1); Recruiting Duty, Columbia, Tennessee; USS Springfield (CL-66); USS Independence (CV-62); and Fleet Anti-Air Warfare Training Center (FAAWTC), Dam Neck, Virginia. During his career, he advanced from striking for the rate of Gunner's Mate to the rank of Master Chief.

Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
On 13 January 1967, the Secretary of the Navy announced the appointment of Master Chief Gunner's Mate (GMCM) Black as the first Senior Enlisted Advisor, the position that would evolve into Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy. As such, he was the highest rated enlisted man in the United States Navy, serving as the enlisted representative to the Chief of Naval Operations. His function was to counsel the highest ranks of the Navy on issues associated with enlisted guidance, leadership, and policy. Black was the first enlisted man to write a foreword for The Bluejacket's Manual.

Retirement and later work
Upon retirement from active duty, Black continued his involvement with the Navy through retired and active duty organizations. He was an active member of the USO Council of Central Florida; the Fleet Reserve Association; and Co-Chairman on the Secretary of Navy Committee on Retired Personnel. He died at his home in Winter Park, Florida from a heart attack at the age of 77. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Section 11, Site 496 LH.

At a 13 March 2015 ceremony at the Navy Memorial in Washington, D.C., Navy Secretary Ray Mabus and Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (AW/NAC) Michael D. Stevens announced that an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, USS Delbert D. Black, would honor Delbert Black.

Awards and decorations

 * 7 gold Service stripes.

title: Delbert Black


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Talk:Sexuality in Star Trek

LGBT in DS9
I do remember a lesbian episode in DS9. With Dax kissing another women. --Dima io (talk) 15:23, 10 February 2011 (UTC)

I also recall Quark getting a sex change in one episode of DS9

TNG
No mention anywhere of the tryst between Riker and Ensign Ro Laren in the TNG episode "Conundrum"?? One of the sexiest scenes ever.

Riker: "What if I snore in my sleep?" Ro: "What makes you think you're gonna get any sleep?" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.34.135.230 (talk) 16:27, 13 July 2017 (UTC)

Keiko and Miles O'Brien
Miles O'Brien, is infact of European decent, however that is because he is infact European. O'Brien is the only major Star Trek character described as both ethnically Irish and born in Ireland.

TNG had de facto gay characters
TNG did air episodes that seemed to have LGBT characters in them, and seemed to be offering a critique of homophobia.

This i moved from the article, as it seems to contradict the sources, and be OR (seem to whom?) Later paragrapgs go on to discuss fan speculation, but this sentence goes to far, making it sound like LGBT characters were really there, which they were not, imo. We have quotes from the writers saying there are no gay characters, which trupmps uncited speculation.Yobmod (talk) 10:41, 15 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I've found a source saying that Q was very slashable - http://www.genders.org/g27/g27_st.html -Malkinann (talk) 22:20, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

TOS had de facto gay characters
Granted,acting "effeminate" doesn't necessarily mean a man is gay. However, for decades such behavior (often with character flaws) was Hollywood's offensive shorthand for a gay male character. Due to this, I believe TOS did have gay characters -- certainly Petri in "Elaan of Troyius." I'd guess that the ruthless Claudius Marcus in "Bread and Circuses" was intended as bisexual. "Plato's Stepchildren" also fit the (then) stereotype of decadent, orgy-having Greeks or Romans. Gene Roddenberry admitted to making anti-gay jokes before he changed his mind late in life. In latter-day Trek (TNG and after), sympathetic nods to homosexuality are extremely rare, and all the non-hetero characters in DS9's Mirror Universe are decadent and villainous. Obviously, what you make of all this depends on how you, as a viewer, feel about gay rights. As you can guess, I agree with those who find it very disappointing. ProfessorAndro (talk) 15:47, 9 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't think this is the right forum for your paragraph. Lots42 (talk) 00:59, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

How so? I am disputing the article's section on TOS, which cites two other characters as "the closest" TOS came to having gay characters. Also, it's impossible to deal with sexuality in Star Trek without describing the lack of positive, homosexual characters. 207.210.129.124 (talk) 15:34, 18 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, you've stumbled onto a lot of problems. One, no citations that Trek was mocking gay people. Two, many of the Trek creators are still alive so saying they were mocking gay people goes into the mucky territory of libel and being sued and all that good stuff Wikipedia is concerned with. In short, proof proof and more proof is what you need and I fail to see. And sure, you have every right to have the opinion that what Trek has in way of gay characters is dissapointing, but that's just it. It's opinion. "Mirror Universe Kira is bisexual." is fact. "It sucks that the bisexual Mirror Kira was evil." is opinion and would be rightfully edited. Lots42 (talk) 18:00, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Truthfully ST could have had more background gay relations but they were very afraid of combining the regular cast need for serial monogamous relationships (keeping the support cast fresh and underpaid) with gay/bisexual. However, Troy was explicitly mentioned as being bisexual soon after introduced. Something about Riker had no problem with the extra women and Troy but could not tolerate the advances from the men. Try's mama was also explicitly mentioned and shown as bisexual although her drive was to possess a strong male. Also didn't they reveal that Tasha Yar was a closet gay right before they killed her character off. Yes early on Q suggested that he could swing either way because he was not actually tied to a particular physical body over which to have hang ups. 65.26.139.168 (talk) 02:40, 12 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Dude, what? The only part of that I really understood was the last sentence. Sources, man, sources. Lots42 (talk) 04:52, 12 February 2010 (UTC)

Nemesis
The movie Nemesis had Data welcome men, women and transgendered species to Riker and Troi's wedding... Lots42 (talk) 09:33, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

Interracial
I think that the article needs some profound restructuring. The main section is entirely devoted to LGBT issues, which seems a bit... overweighted to me. Memory Alpha by contrast has a large section on the Kirk/Uhura kiss in Plato's Stepchildren, which was controversial for its interracial issues. -mattbuck (Talk) 03:21, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Kirk/Spock
After trimming all the OR and uncited for Kirk/Spock fan fiction article, it is small enough to fit into this as a subsection (with some info going to Slash fiction). Should it be merged?YobMod 10:44, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Probably, it doesn't really seem like a subject which could stand on its own. -mattbuck (Talk) 12:37, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I wouldn't actually. This article is already at 48 kilobytes and that article is a respectable size. Also it has references which are generalized to that article and would be mungled if merged over here. A subsection summary here would make sense pointing to that as the main article for more info. -- Banj e  b oi   13:25, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm wondering how much of the stuff YobMod deleted before proposing this merge was initially drawn from those non-inline sources... --Malkinann (talk) 04:48, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

 * If I am understanding the thrust (pun intended) of this thread, the Kirk-Spock phenom should only merit a sentence or two. Because, at this point in time, so much slash-fic exists. Once you get to Hogwarts/Squid (no, really) it becomes a mite overwhelming. Lots42 (talk) 09:28, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I really feel this discussion is premature, especially as the slash fiction article is underdeveloped. I believe this merge discussion could be a case of demolishing the house before it's built, as I gather that YobMod wishes to take slash fiction to GA.  Taking that article to GA would mean that the literature would need to be looked at, which would have flow-on benefits for related articles such as Kirk/Spock - the first documented slash pairing.  (Allegedly, The Man from UNCLE slash was written prior to Kirk/Spock, but there's little evidence.) Hogwarts/Squid is slash for the sheer fun of it, just so that you can say "OMG, isn't it funny, I just read this slash with Hogwarts and the Giant Squid..."   It's not a One True Pairing (from the days when that actually meant something), as Kirk/Spock is.
 * Please note that I have expanded the Kirk/Spock article with information on the "Pon farr" subgenre of Kirk/Spock slash fiction.  Kirk and Spock is about the story where friends become more - where their mutual accord in the series is explored and turned into something powerfully romantic for the fans, by the fans.  According to Tosenberger, Kirk/Spock influenced the slash scholarship to focus on the "friends become more" story, not examining other movements in slash... "Friends become more" obviously wouldn't work for the contemporary popular pairing of Harry Potter/Draco Malfoy. --Malkinann (talk) 11:13, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

The line: "reams of Kirk/Spock fan fiction which began to dominate fan publications in the mid- to late 1970s" is not true. There was very, very little Kirk/Spock fiction published in the 1970s, certainly not "reams." While there was much more Kirk/Spock fiction in fan publications in the 1980s and onward, slash NEVER dominated fan publications. Some stats are here: https://fanlore.org/wiki/Category:Star_Trek_TOS_Zines Slash may appear to have dominated, but that's only because it was often talked about more amongst fans and others; it certainly was a go-to for journalists for the "shock value". But in terms of actual amount, the statement about the 1970s is certainly wrong, as well as any statement about later years and fan publications. 97.127.4.1 (talk) 18:06, 18 June 2023 (UTC)

Starfleet Academy comics
Has this been touched upon before? I dimly remember a plotline in the Marvel comics Star Trek: Academy line where there was 'reverse' intolerance. If the following hasn't been confirmed and touched on in the article, it should. A commisioned ensign (it got complicated) expressed distaste for the concept of bisexuallity (or being gay, one of them) and a regular ensign got mad at this intolerance. In an odd twist, the regular ensign was disciplined because his intolerance was affecting the performance of his duties. The commissioned ensign was allowed to have the stupid feelings, it wasn't affecting -his- work in any real way. 09:27, 12 April 2009 (UTC)
 * How odd, it looks like my tilde signature for the above paragaph got broken. Lots42 (talk) 01:51, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Nah, you just added an extra tilde. yields "01:54, 13 April 2009 (UTC)"; ~ yields "--EEMIV (talk) 01:54, 13 April 2009 (UTC)". erm... --EEMIV (talk) 01:54, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

Human/Android?
Didn't Data have a relationship with a human woman? Not Yar, at that time both were mentally ill. Another woman. Lots42 (talk) 22:29, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, in "In Theory", with an attractive blonde. :-). --EEMIV (talk) 22:41, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

Major reorganization
This article was renamed "Sexuality in Star Trek" about a year and a half ago (see archives) in an attempt to broaden its scope, but this seems not to have happened as the article is almost exclusively written from an LGBT viewpoint. I suggest that, rather than breaking down the article by series, it's better to divide it by topic, with sections such as marrages, sexuality outside of marrage, interracial relationships, and LGBT relationships. This should provide a framework making it easier for future contributors to add material that addresses the full range of sexuality topics in Star Trek. Let me know what you think; I'll proceed shortly if there are no objections. Antony-22 (talk) 20:07, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

 * No objection; full endorsement. Happy editing! --EEMIV (talk) 20:10, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Make it so. -mattbuck (Talk) 21:02, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

Best and the Brightest
The novel 'Best and the Brightest'...I just thought the homosexual subplot was one cadet falling in love with another cadet of the same gender and accepting this. Nothing further. Lots42 (talk) 22:19, 17 May 2009 (UTC)

info for the page, or the page on "Rejoined"
This page has been greatly improved in the past 9 months. A possible addition: Cinefantastique Vol. 28 #4/5 (Nov. 1996) has an article on DS9: "Rejoined," "Taboo Breaker" by Dale Kutzera (pages 44-46). On page 46, Kutzera states: "The reaction to the episode was predictably mixed. Some affiliates did not air the episode.  Others excised the scene with the kiss.  Mail to the writing staff was heavier than for any other episode (these writers) had been involved in, and much of it negative." However, on the same page, writer Rene Echevarria describes the mail as being "ten-to-one pro (the episode)"; Echevarria also calls the lesbian kiss "by far the most passionate gay kiss I've ever seen on television." ProfessorAndro (talk) 16:31, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

We can have this...
But we can't have webcomics? 128.122.89.59 (talk) 00:08, 1 September 2009 (UTC)
 * As far as I know, articles on webcomics are allowed. Lots42 (talk) 02:12, 2 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Notable webcomics are allowed. DJ Clayworth (talk) 17:54, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

Inter-species mating
Shouldn't it be noted that most of the time inter-species romances occurred between humans and aliens of the same skin colour? All of Sisko's love interests — human or non-human — were black, while all of Riker's were white. On the other hand, Geordie really was "colour blind" as one would assume humans in the 24th century would be.--Dvd-junkie (talk) 12:32, 24 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I fail to see how any of this could be relevant to any Wikipedia article. Lots42 (talk) 04:34, 25 October 2009 (UTC)
 * My point is that, despite Star Trek's often progressive stance, there was some kind of segregation at work.--Dvd-junkie (talk) 10:14, 30 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Even if I agreed with you, it would still be original research and thus forbidden. 09:15, 31 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, I don't have any sources to back this up. Maybe someone else does.--Dvd-junkie (talk) 13:33, 31 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia gets weird on this original research idea. Because Dvd-junkie could publish to a website and then someone else cite you. When in fact the original research idea is irrelevant here when EVERYONE has access to the research material and the analysis is trivial. Original research should only be an issue when the source material is not easily obtained or the analysis is non-trivial so as to require a statistics or math expert.
 * HOWEVER, while there is a strong trend in Riker's girlfriends, he did have at least one black girl with which he had an over the top romance with. One of the Risa girls if I remember correctly. Use your publicly available source material. But you are correct in that Riker had no "shipboard romances" with black women though he looked with strong interest at several that where already taken, like Worf's ambassador girl. In an interview, the actor who played Cisco mentioned insisting on all the black actress because he thought new black actors were underrepresented in Star Trek. Heh he prolly just liked to hit on them.65.26.139.168 (talk) 02:31, 12 February 2010 (UTC)

 * First successful inter-species marriage makes a certain social sense as a meeting of like or complementary minds plus intelligent "kinkiness". However, inter-species offspring do not make SciFi sense except by huge technological gene engineering as was eventually done for Klingon-Humans (and even then marginally plausible without further technology. Remember Romulan-Vulcan is a case of ancient colonization. Thus Spock makes little sense except in the context of rarely mentioned (mostly fan-based) speculation about galactic seed colonization by some ancient race using the same proto-human stock and cross engineering it with a native animal of each planet.

 * If we cast aside the improbable theme of sexual compatibility between species, then preponderance of heterosexuality, or at least non-monogamous bisexuality, in space going races makes sense. Until artifical breeding technology the genetics of monogamous homosexuals would be lost. Species that have large lifetime homosexual populations suffer a reproductive penalty counter to their survival at least until artificial breeding means become an everyday viable.

 * As much as side romances played a part in Star Trek, I just do not think that TV was comfortable about making alternate sexuality the main focus of episodes. Because realistically species with large "natural" (non-tech supported) fractions of homosexuals or bisexuals would have dominated episodes. I mean you could have a race that naturally had a heterosexual phase and then evolved after mating in gay life partners...but that point would tend to become the crisis point of the episode. And as noted star Trek focused on societies built upon life long relationships for most of its airings, even in the more risque polygamous marriages. Truthfully ST could have had more background gay relations but they were very afraid of combining the regular cast serial monogamous relationships with gay/bisexual. 65.26.139.168 (talk) 02:31, 12 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Do you have any sources for this alleged fear? Lots42 (talk) 04:54, 12 February 2010 (UTC)

"White" and "Non-White"
Re "interethnic kisses between white and non-white actors", I've removed the latter phrase, I think it suffices to say inter-ethnic. Describing actors as "white" and "non-white" is problematic and debatable, so best avoided. (Personally I consider it a peculiar quirk of US racial politics that Spanish people are considered white, whereas Mexicans are deemed non-white, even though a Mexican person may be 100% of European stock.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gymnophoria (talk • contribs) 14:21, 5 July 2010 (UTC)
 * "Describing actors as "white" and "non-white" is problematic"

Not really since it only says some are caucasic and others aren´t. Nothing else.--77.11.163.90 (talk) 21:07, 22 May 2016 (UTC)

Criticism of Exclusion of Lesbian and Gay Characters
I think the entry as it stood lacked NPOV balance. Granted, Gene Roddenberry himself and many of the lead characters support change, and fan productions have included lesbian and gay characters- but it is the executive production staff of the official franchises that control the licensed versions of the series and have continued to exclude out lesbian and gay core characters from those television series and their film spin-offs. This is resented within some sections of the LGBT science fiction, fantasy and horror community, who can now turn to numerous other television series that are more inclusive, who have rejected the franchise as a result. Calibanu (talk) 23:00, 28 January 2011 (UTC)User Calibanu
 * Maybe that ist simple due to the fact that lesbian and gay characters are a very small minority?77.11.163.90 (talk) 21:08, 22 May 2016 (UTC)

Was this lost or did I miss it?
I seem to remember a couple of characters coming into conflict in the Star Trek: Academy comics. One was gay the second had problems. The first one couldn't deal well with these problems but was told to deal with it (by Sisko?) because the second one had the right to his feelings as long as it did not affect his work (which it did not). Am I remember this right? And if so, is it in the article? Lots42 (talk) 11:18, 29 January 2011 (UTC)

Della van Hise's Star Trek novel Killing Time
The reference to Della van Hise's Star Trek novel Killing Time currently has three "citation needed" tags. The statements are evidently true e.g.   but I'm not sure whether any of those are suitable for use as citations. Anyway, this evidence is good enough to reduce the three tags to one. – Fayenatic  L ondon 13:01, 6 November 2012 (UTC)

Cast and crew perspectives - undue weight
This section is overly detailed and tedious. Needs to be trimmed way down. Rodenberry's thoughts are relevant, the cast's much less so. There is easily 3 times more material in the section than is warranted. ►  Belch fire - TALK 21:09, 7 January 2013 (UTC)
 * On what policy basis do you make this argument? As far as I can tell, you are simply trolling LGBT articles again and tagging them willy-nilly. Viriditas (talk) 02:13, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
 * This is a LGBT article? Who knew?  I thought it was about Star Trek.  Well, this explains a LOT.  Apparently, some editors have an ownership interest here.  So, where should I apply to become an approved editor of this LGBT article?  ►  Belch fire - TALK  02:24, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

 * That's a disingenuous and evasive response. You're continuing to purposefully target articles tagged as LGBT as a member of WikiProject Conservatism.  The campaign against LGBT elements in sexuality in Star Trek was begun by the now "disappeared"   in 2010 and has been ongoing for two years.  You've returned to continue maintenance tag warring on LGBT-related articles. As a result of your unending edit warring behavior against LGBT-tagged articles, I'm reporting you to ANI/3. Viriditas (talk) 02:33, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

 * I think you might want to redact your personal attack, or we will indeed have something to discuss at ANI should you be so impertinent as to go there. Feel free to discuss the content of this article if you like, but no, I do not need to respond to your unfounded accusations.  ►  Belch fire - TALK  02:45, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Do what you must. Members of WikiProject Conservatism have been disrupting LGBT-related topics for years. Viriditas (talk) 03:06, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Belchfire has been disrupting and attacking editors repeatedly, soon enough they'll be shown the door if they can't control themselves and their radical POV efforts. Insomesia (talk) 03:09, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

Belchfire, can you explain this "appears to be a copyvio" edit.-- В и к и  T  23:02, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

Notable episodes
Only one of the notable episodes has a citation to a third-party source. Anyone watchlisting this article willing to delve into e.g. the TNG or DS9 Companion or Google News archives to dig up some commentary on these episodes? I agree that these episodes hook into the article subject, but the dearth of citations to news/critical outlets to back up this notion that they're "notable" is a serious shortcoming. --EEMIV (talk) 13:10, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

I thought it was gonna be all sexy
but the article sucks — Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.155.181.226 (talk) 19:30, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

Trill, and (lack of) trans representation in Star Trek
'Joined Trill that have bonded with male and female hosts have some commonality with transgendered humans, but are in fact the precise opposite of the species in "The Outcast". They are pansexual, with clear memories of what it is like to have been the opposite gender, or to have had a different sexual orientation.'

Speaking as a transgender human Star Trek nerd, it seems pretty different to me. Typically, a binary-gendered trans person's gender identity doesn't *change*; they just recognise at some point that their gender identity doesn't correspond with their assigned gender. (For genderfluid and other non-binary trans* people it can be more complicated than that.) In any case, it doesn't make a lot of sense to try to explain joined Trill gender identity in terms of human transgender experience, when the vast majority of readers are not likely to understand the latter very well, and any trans readers are likely to be thinking "Oh really?" with an eyebrow raised higher than Spock's.

Trill hosts have their own brains and gender identities, and are presumably trans at about the same frequency as humans are, or at least there's no reason given to believe otherwise.

Also, being trans doesn't really give me much insight into what it would be like to remember a totally different body. Despite the simplistic "trapped in a man's/woman's body" trope, trans people have the same body all their lives; they just change some aspects of it (if they medically transition).

Fact is, Star Trek's representation of trans people had been even closer to non-existent than its representation of gay and bi people, except for the two *awful* episodes of DS9 that the article mentions, but are frankly best forgotten. Trill are not an exception to this.

Finally, citation needed for joined Trill always being pansexual. If this was stated, I don't remember it. Daira Hopwood ⚥ (talk) 03:50, 31 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Transgenders are an extremely small minority. It would not represent reality if we would see much if them in Star Trek.77.11.163.90 (talk) 21:10, 22 May 2016 (UTC)

File:Plato's Stepchildren kiss.jpg listed for deletion
A file that this article uses, File:Plato's Stepchildren kiss.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. postdlf (talk) 13:43, 31 July 2013 (UTC)

Wired article
Wired published a piece on Star Trek and LGBT issues, here. I've had it bookmarked since May to integrate with this article, and per usual, just haven't had/made the time :-/. Dropping the URL here in case someone else has time to delve. --EEMIV (talk) 05:41, 15 August 2013 (UTC)

LGBT - undue weight
For a show that never featured gay characters through its entire history, this article devotes a hugely disproportionate amount of space to the topic, occupying like 40% of the article. The LGBT section could be greatly trimmed. The topic seems way over-emphasized. ~Amatulić (talk) 07:20, 16 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Huh. I just re-read this article, and came here to the talk page intending to comment on undue weight, and I find I already did that almost a year ago. And nothing has changed. If nobody objects, I will take a shot at trimming that section. The "notable episodes" subsection could easily be deleted, for example, or just converted to a list. ~Amatulić (talk) 16:31, 12 September 2014 (UTC)

 * What is it you think should be trimmed? You say that there is undue weight in LGBT section, but it seems that the topic has been discussed in roughly 13 sources, so I don't really see the problem.- MrX 17:06, 12 September 2014 (UTC)

 * I believe I made the point quite clearly in the first sentence of this section. The number of sources in the article are not relevant. WP:UNDUE requires that weight be given in proportion to the available reliable sources, not given in proportion to the individual interests of editors. For example, there has been more coverage (mostly pre-internet) of the first interracial kiss than there is of the absence of LGBT content, and yet the LGBT section is about half the article.

 * The lists of other examples, examples outside the Star Trek universe, video games, etc. in the LGBT section are just lists with most of the items not even notable LGBT context. These lists get into WP:TRIVIA or WP:INDISCRIMINATE territory. The presence of those lists along with the omission of, say, lists of episodes, novels, and games featuring cross-species relationships, gives the impression of an editing community that's trying to make a WP:POINT about LGBT that, frankly, doesn't need belaboring. ~Amatulić (talk) 19:17, 12 September 2014 (UTC)

 * I don't fully agree with your original premise, but I would be fine with removing all or most of the non-canon content, and the list entries in "Other examples" that are unsourced or truly trivial. That would trim the LGBT section significantly. We should also trim plot trivia from the rest of the articles, and the unsourced original research, for example in "Later interracial relationships" and "Inter-species mating".- MrX 21:06, 12 September 2014 (UTC)

 * I concur completely. This article is a highly politicized mess. 91.49.220.215 (talk) 07:58, 28 April 2016 (UTC)

OK, years later... I made a start at making the episode list more concise without losing any references. I also removed the video games section as unsourced original research. I didn't get further than that, however. ~Anachronist (talk) 00:52, 12 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Per MrX's suggestion above, I have trimmed out the unsourced original research from the "novels" section, as well as removed a badly sourced paragraph from "fan response" about rumor and speculation. The LGBT section is still about 1/3 of the article, but I think the overall weight is better balanced now that the cruft has been removed. ~Anachronist (talk) 17:35, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

LGBT characters I noticed
I currently go through all the series and films, and some things I noticed not ended in this article yet (or anywhere else, lik on Memory Alpha).

Eg. in one of the TNG episodes in the background we can see two female character going hand-to-hand to do you-know-what. While not explicitly a relationship, it IS a sexual contact.

In DS9 where all the crew go powerhungry maniacs Kira offers herself to the much-negletcting Jadzia Dax, who don't even notice. While it is all "only by gestures", the gestures are evident.

Finaly (I only finished to DS9 2nd season until yet) Jadzia is the perfect implementation of a bisexual person with her ever-changing sex. While for "a lifetime" Dax is either male or female, in literal-sense it perfectly sounds "for this moment". And the constant phrase "this is now a 28 year old woman" is ALWAYS balanced out with "well, who knows what comes in the next life", and some of the occassional witty-talk, like "I think you, Kira, bother too much with outlook. Ye, that alien has the brain out. That's natural for that species." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.133.47.71 (talk) 21:01, 23 February 2014 (UTC)

Article relevance?
Is this article relevant at all? It´s not that sexuality is a special theme in Star Trek at all. The show is not about that.77.11.163.90 (talk) 21:13, 22 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Not often but the show does sometimes addresses matters of gender and sexuality. However, reliable sources outside of Star Trek and non-canon sources do go on about Sexuality a whole lot, people have even written books about it. Makes me think that this article would be more accurate if it was named "Sexuality and Star Trek" (I'd rename it "Star Trek: Sexuality" if I could but that wouldn't fit with Wikipedia article naming conventions). -- 109.76.195.195 (talk) 06:03, 21 June 2021 (UTC)

Male/male kiss on DS9
No mention of the kiss between Quark and Nilva in "Profit and Lace"? Granted, the characters are both heterosexual and Quark was (temporarily) female-bodied, but it still must surely be the first on-screen kiss between two male actors in Star Trek history. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 13:59, 13 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Is there an independent reliable source describing it? ~Anachronist (talk) 17:38, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

LGBT section - for protagonists only?
In DS9, Kira's opposite in the alternate universe, the Intendant of the station, clearly finds both women and men sexually attractive. So many people here and connected with the franchise say there have been no LGBT characters, but the Intendant is a recurring character, and she is clearly bi in her behavior. That's the B in LGBT. Is she not included because she is an antagonist? She seems kinda obvious to me. Dcs002 (talk) 08:23, 19 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Is there a reliable source on that topic? If not, then it's original research. ~Anachronist (talk) 15:38, 3 September 2020 (UTC)

Merge from Pon farr
I have serious concerns whether Pon farr has stand-alone notability, but this is a good merge target. Thoughts? Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 11:19, 23 December 2021 (UTC)
 * In theory it could work, in practice it would not be a clean merge, or would take a whole lot of work. (It wouldn't be the first time that a "merge" in fact ended up being a delete.) This article is heavily weighted in certain directions that do not make it a good fit for discussion of puberty and mating rituals that Pon farr represents. Sometimes smaller discrete articles work better, and it would be preferable if something could actually be done to fix your concerns about the notability of the Pon farr article. -- 109.79.175.164 (talk) 14:24, 25 December 2021 (UTC)
 * No, it's fine as a separate notable and well known topic. Randy Kryn (talk) 12:23, 30 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Closing, given the uncontested objections and no support with stale discussion. Klbrain (talk) 12:28, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sexuality in Star Trek


text:
User:Crystalion

Crystalion is the internet pen name I choose in January 1997 when I started playing Diablo (computer game) and I have continued to use it since in MMORPG or other online gaming contexts. While it has never been difficult to trace my True Names from Crystalion I'll nonetheless use it here for a modicum of simulated privacy.

I worked at Electronic Arts during what that article characterizes as the "early era" and was a Technical Director when I left. Aside from my by now obvious interest in Computer and video games I am also interested in various board and card games, Game theory, subparts of economics, philosophy, Philosophy of Science, Jiddu Krishnamurti, General Semantics, Tragerwork, SF&F, raising children, Intentional Community, and social and technical aspects of computer mediated community, such as the Wikipedia itself, but more often biased toward play (ala Homo Ludens, eh?).

title: User:Crystalion


text:
User:Mahlum~enwiki

no:Bruker:Mahlum

title: User:Mahlum~enwiki


text:
Talk:Zinc chloride

Solubility
Is zinc chloride really THIS soluble? Adding 432 grams of dry powder in 100 grams of water, and still say that it dissolves? Wim van Dorst July 8, 2005 19:43 (UTC).

 * Yes, true, according to the Merck Index and the CRC Handbook. If I get a chance I will check this, but I seem to recall reading something like, "Zinc chloride has the remarkable ability to dissolve in only ...."  The solubility in boiling water is even more remarkable, 614g per 100g H2O!  And ZnBr2 has similar solubility.  Walkerma 19:50, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Solubility
I have tried to dissolve 100g in 1 L of H20 at 25 deg C. It doesn't work. I ought to have a pH 5 solution according to the MSDS, but I have a pH 5.5 solution and I estimate just under half the ZnCl2 remaining undissolved. Sigma-Aldrich have suggested lowering the pH of my solution, but I'm convinced the pH of the water wasn't a factor. I'm hoping Chemistry is wrong, and I'm right; so if anyone else would like to check this for themselves...

 * I went and tested this for myself, I took of zinc chloride from the stockroom, and at 29 °C (it's hot here today!) I got just over 20 g of it to go into 5.0 mL. Our stuff is not dry, as you can see from the picture, but it did give out a significant amount of heat as it dissolved so it's not totally hydrated away either.

 * I wonder if your problem is related to the fact that ZnCl2 can hydrolyse. This problem is more often seen with tin(II) chloride and bismuth(III) salts, you can see the description of this problem with SnCl2 here.  In other words, you may have some zinc oxide or zinc oxychloride present as an insoluble material.  You can (a) filter it off (I bet it's a lot less than half, too!) and use the part that's left or (b) add HCl to get it all to dissolve at (hopefully) pH 5, or (c) buy a fresh bottle.  Let us know what you find, please! Walkerma 20:40, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I have added HCl and I have dissolved all the Zinc Chloride. The pH is approximately 5, I think a little insoluble material is still present but that won't matter for what I need it for.  Thanks for your help.  Karl.  15/09/05.

As an aside, does anybody know why we can't make a 10% solution of zinc chloride using de-ionised water, but we can make a 50% solution using distilled water? Thanks, Karl. 21/09/05.

 * Have you checked the quality of the deionised water lately? That may indeed be the problem. After all, zinc carbonate is insoluble! For my tests I used distilled water.  Cheers, Walkerma 15:49, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I haven't checked our deionised water, but I also had to make up a calcium chloride solution. I used distilled but just out of interest I made up a small amount with deionised and the solution formed a precipitate, which I'm guessing is calcium carbonate.  Karl 22/09/05.

 * Deonisation normally happens by exchanging cations against H+ and anions against OH-. Either cation exchange is not working anymore and you therefore get a fairly basic solution from your ion exchange columns (check pH). Or both columns are not working, there is a fairly high carbonate content and the tap water passes unchanged. Iridos 22:38, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

What about the formation of zinc oxychloride (ZnCl2.5Zn0.6H2O)? . 131.180.39.0 (talk) 07:48, 6 May 2014 (UTC)

It's a common procedure to make ZnCl by adding HCl to an excess of Zinc carbonate, however the carbonate becomes soluble in acidic solutions. Could the problem be un-reacted Zn carbonate in solution and possibly the common ion effect? — Preceding unsigned comment added by QParallax (talk • contribs) 18:02, 15 May 2015 (UTC)

Wait. Surely you are measuring the solubility in HCl, not water? Polymath uk (talk) 08:14, 5 February 2023 (UTC)

Errors
This makes no sense (a mix of topics) and has no citations: "Typically this flux was prepared by dissolving zinc foil in dilute hydrochloric acid until the liquid ceased to evolve hydrogen, for this reason such flux was known as killed spirits. because of its corrosive nature it is not a suitable flux for situations where any residue cannot be cleaned totally away, such as electronic work. This property also leads to its use in the manufacture of magnesia cements for dental fillings and certain mouthwashes as an active ingredient. "
 * Yes, this was probably added by someone passing through who was familiar with the use. It seems plausible.  Do you know anything about this topic, enough to rewrite it with a citation?  Or should we just delete it?  When I originally wrote the article, my source only stated that it was used as a flux - no details. Walkerma 20:59, 6 November 2006 (UTC)
 * This property also leads to its use in the manufacture of magnesia cements for dental fillings and certain mouthwashes as an active ingredient. does not sound plausible - which property exactly leads to its use in mouthwashes?! I suggest to delete it (well, keep it here on the discussion page) until someone comes with a source and it can be rewritten properly. Iridos 22:42, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Delisted GA
This article has been removed from the GA list due to a lack of in line citations. Tarret 18:14, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Failed "good article" nomination
This article failed good article nomination. This is how the article, as of March 20, 2007, compares against the six good article criteria:

 * 1. Well written?: The grammar and format is good. Unfortunately, it contains too many unexplained technical terms and jargon; a reader would not want to click on every single link to find out what the mentioned word means.
 * 2. Factually accurate?: Inline citations are an issue. Although they are not absolutely required, they are helpful especially in areas with possibly dubious information.
 * 3. Broad in coverage?: "Precautions" is just two short sentences and needs expansion.
 * 4. Neutral point of view?: Follows NPOV.
 * 5. Article stability? Stable.
 * 6. Images?: Good.

When these issues are addressed, the article can be resubmitted for consideration. If you feel that this review is in error, feel free to take it to a GA review. Thank you for your work so far.

King of ♥   ♦   ♣   ♠  19:49, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

 * GA review (see here for criteria)

King of ♥   ♦   ♣   ♠  19:49, 20 March 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) It is reasonably well written.
 * a (prose): b (MoS):
 * 1) It is factually accurate and verifiable.
 * a (references): b (citations to reliable sources):  c (OR):
 * 1) It is broad in its coverage.
 * a (major aspects): b (focused):
 * 1) It follows the neutral point of view policy.
 * a (fair representation): b (all significant views):
 * 1) It is stable.
 * 2) It contains images, where possible, to illustrate the topic.
 * a (tagged and captioned): b lack of images (does not in itself exclude GA):  c (non-free images have fair use rationales):
 * 1) Overall:
 * a Pass/Fail:
 * a Pass/Fail:

 * Unfortunately, it contains too many unexplained technical terms and jargon;
 * That seems a little unfair - it is a chemical article. You can't go around and explain what covalent means in every article mentioning covalent bonds. Same goes for Lewis acid, etc. etc.- the only (!!) term I see that could be easily explained would be hygroscopic (attracts water). Everything else would just be to complex//too far away from the topic to explain in here. Perhaps what you complained about has already been fixed (?) - if not, please explain which jargon you see that could be easily explained (or expressed differently without garbling its meaning). Iridos 04:39, 26 April 2007 (UTC)
 * All too often we get that complaint, though in this article I tried to keep the style readable & accessible. I agree, it's hard to write a thorough chem article without "jargon".  I also believe in writing in levels - beginner, medium, expert - and some of the expert may have put off this reviewer. User:KOH is a very experienced reviewer, though, and I'm sure we could make this article much better (as you're doing, Iridos!). Walkerma 05:10, 26 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I think you didn't do a bad job with this - only the 1st, perhaps the 1st two paragraphs are on non-chemist level, I think. Hardly any non-chemist will be interested in the details about in which synthesis zinc chloride is mainly used... so the complaint about jargon can only mean the first paragraphs. And there I don't see much room for improvement. Let's go through this:
 * or its hydrates
 * or its crystalline forms containing crystal water (hydrates)?
 * hygroscopic
 * deliquescent
 * skip hygroscopic, explain ''deliquescent (attracts enough water from air moisture to form a solution when exposed to air)
 * alternatively: (forms solutions with water attracted from air moisture)
 * or explain hygroscopic (attracts water) and link deliquescent as already done
 * hexagonal close-packed
 * don't see how that can be explained further in a few words
 * metallurgical fluxes
 * ditto.
 * Apropos: Shouldnt it be: is used as metallurgical flux?
 * ionic
 * ditto
 * covalent
 * ditto. Cant explain the concept of covalent bonds here.
 * melting point
 * should be understood by non-chemists?
 * solubility
 * should be understood by non-chemists?
 * diethyl ether
 * should be understood by non-chemists?
 * Could include the formula - but would that help to understand the article?
 * lewis acid
 * too complex to explain here, I think. Any explanation will only add confusion. Keep the link.
 * pH
 * I expanded that to "[..ZnCl2 solutions...] are acidic with a pH around 4."
 * hydrolized
 * hm... (reacted with water)
 * oxychloride
 * Well, dunno - could show the formula.
 * anhydrous/hydrated (again)
 * hydrolysis
 * dioxane
 * Could show formula, but would that help understanding the article?
 * precipitate

hm "percipitates or crystallizes" (crystallization being the more common term??)
 * sublimation
 * Just put your comments inside the list (with two '::')... I think it's important not to overdo it, though - else the article stops being readable and nothing is gained.

 * as for the other issues:
 * Citations I don't think there 'dubious information' in here (??) so the citaions are no issue?
 * Anyways, they might become one. Could check here:
 * Precautions being to short: I expanded it (now it's actually too long and does not only contain precautions, but also health effects).
 * Iridos 22:28, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Toxicity
I was missing this data on toxicity in the article. The LD-50 value gives you a rough estimate of the amounts when a substance will be toxic (like, if you're factor 100 or 1000 away from it it should be non-toxic for a single exposure). Not sure, if all of those should be entered, or only some of them, so I put them here for discussion first. They should probably go in the table in some way. LD50: Source: http://www.camd.lsu.edu/msds/z/zinc_chloride.htm Iridos 04:15, 26 April 2007 (UTC) It is not? It's a trace mineral, present in many enzymes (e.g. for zinc fingers), absolutely essential for the body and yet, you can be poisoned by it... But anyways, I cant see "flooding" by having a pretty long table. Space for text is not an issue in Wikipedia. Readability and a clear structure are, of course, and that was my concern (else I would have just edited the article). Why is it a problem, when people with small chemical knowledge enter safety data? If it makes them read the article and some related articles, they will probably learn a lot and I'm all for it :) Hm, apropos zero-knowledge - ORL-RAT is pretty clear. SCU is probably subcutane (?) MUS is a weird abbreviation for mouse (?!?) and -duh- IPR means intraperitoneal and I got no clue what GPG should be. Well, that makes the decision which of those to skip quite a lot easier *g*. Apropos cyanide - the cyanide anion doesnt have a very exciting space-fill model, so I would regard that one as cruft :) 199.74.98.127 03:50, 27 April 2007 (UTC)
 * ORL-RAT LD50 350 mg/kg
 * IPR-RAT LD50 58 mg/kg
 * ORL-MUS LD50 350 mg/kg
 * IPR-MUS LD50 24 mg/kg
 * SCU-MUS LD50 330 mg/kg
 * ORL-GPG LD50 200 mg/kg
 * Please limit the biomedical MSDSy info. One can flood all chemistry article with tons of safety-tox data that is not highly relevant to the technical gist of this project.  In special cases, WE-Chem has created articles on specific toxicities, e.g. Arsenic poisoning.  Cyanide has an extensive and regularly edited section on its toxicity.  These more acute poisons indeed merit attention.  Also another problem is that including extensive safety info encourages contributions from individuals that have zero knowledge of chemistry.  It is awkward reversing such well intentioned cruft.  Many new contributors, kids and students probably, love to paste in safety info.  ZnCl2 is not particularly interesting from a toxicology perspective, especially relative to more pressing compounds in the WE-chem project that really need this kind of attention.  IMHO. --Smokefoot 22:53, 26 April 2007 (UTC)
 * ZnCl2 does not have particularly interesting toxicology. Zn2+ of course does being so pervasive in enzymology and in natural waters etc.   But most of the effects that you will allude to arise from Zn2+, fairly independent of the counter anion.  So by all means write an article about the biomedical chem of Zn2+!  Great project for you and WE-chem.  But it might save your time and that of readers if the information were consolidated, otherwise one would need to include very similar information into dozens of articles describing Zn2+ salts (thousands are known).  And each one of these individualised safety blurbs (on the sulfate, bromide, chloride, iodide, carbonate, mixed anion...) would be subjected to independent editing by well meaning individuals who rarely understand even introductory coordination chemistry or the difference between various hydrates and gegenions and the difference between solid state structures and solution structures.  But maybe you have some deeper insights and we look forward to reading them.  There are four crystalline modifications of anhydrous ZnCl2 and several hydrates.  Each has its own MSDS - so how do you decide which one gets the priority???  Ditto for many of the zinc salts. --Smokefoot 12:58, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

Well, this is generally true for ionic substances - only a lack of solubility in water or decompositon in water can change this fact for any salt. Still, ZnCl2 is one major Zn2+ compound... Anyways - 'Four crystalline forms, so-called polymorphs, of ZnCl2 are known,' Is different from 'Four crystalline hydrates of zinc chloride are known' You didnt provide a source there... where's that from?199.74.98.127 15:45, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

dissociation
The fact that zinc chloride dissolves very well does not imply that it always dissociates. It is not a salt like but a rather covalent material. On concentrated solutions (or molten hydrates if you prefer) FTIR and EXAFS studies show various Zn-Clx-H2O complexes in existence. Jcwf (talk) 17:18, 7 November 2008 (UTC) between a number and the unit of measurement. For example, instead of 100 mL, use 100 mL, which when you are editing the page, should look like: 100&nbsp;mL.[?] You may wish to browse through User:AndyZ/Suggestions for further ideas. Thanks, Wim van Dorst (Talk)'' 09:05, 21 March 2007 (UTC)}} Substituted at 11:17, 30 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Per Wikipedia:Manual of Style (numbers), please spell out source units of measurements in text; for example, the Moon is 380,000 kilometres (240,000 mi) from Earth.[?] Specifically, an example is 100 mL.
 * Please make the spelling of English words consistent with either American or British spelling, depending upon the subject of the article. Examples include: behaviour (B) (American: behavior), catalyse (B) (American: catalyze), hydrolyze (A) (British: hydrolyse), molt (A) (British: moult).
 * Please ensure that the article has gone through a thorough copyediting so that it exemplifies some of Wikipedia's best work. See also User:Tony1/How to satisfy Criterion 1a.[?]

title: Talk:Zinc chloride


text:
User:Vanban

Bonjour. Je m'appelle Vanban.

title: User:Vanban


text:
Talk:Molecular-beam epitaxy

Lattice strain
I have read suggestions that by putting a superconductor under high strain, the critical temperature appears to increase. I suggested to a researcher in the physics department, working on MBE, that perhaps that could be something he could look into with regards to lattice mismatch, and being able to fix the strain in place without any outside mechanical influence.

I'm not sure if any work has been done on that, or if it'd even be possible, but I was reminded of it when I read the end of the article. I'd be interested to hear from anyone who works with MBE about the feasibility of doing so. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.160.105.44 (talk) 15:49, 28 January 2011 (UTC)

Incorrect growth rate
Is the mentioned growth rate 1000 nm per minute correct? Google search gives articles with the rate about 500 nm per hour. 80.188.247.76 (talk) 20:51, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

another source: "Typical MBE growth rates are 1 Å per second, this equates to one atomic layer per second". We have 360nm from here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 156.17.226.200 (talk) 00:13, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

1000 nm per hour is pretty typical (anywhere from 500 nm per hour to 1500 nm per hour is reasonable). Certain materials can be grown faster or slower, depending on the kinetics involved. Sethbank (talk) 06:01, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

Illustration
This page could use an illustration --Unclevortex 21:22, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It has one now :) (although some sort of diagram showing how the process works would be cool too...) --Wulf 21:07, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

I recently made a new version of the concept sketch: 1. Beam Flux Monitor, 2 Substrate (Green) Heating Element (Red), 3 RHEED gun, 4 Heating Coils, 5 Effusion Cells, 6 Mass Spectrometer, 7 RHEED Screen, 8 Cryo Panels, 9 Ionization gauge, 10 Mechanical Feedthrough for CAR assembly, 11 To Buffer Chamber I'm not sure which is better for use here. If the community thinks the labels are better than the numbers I'll see if I can get Inkscape to agree with me on how the output file should look. El.vegaro (talk) 20:31, 12 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Looks very nice either way -- thanks! I will also take a few pictures when I have a chance.  A13ean (talk) 13:45, 13 October 2011 (UTC)

The Beam Flux Monitor would be of no use where it is shown. It must be inserted into the beams for calibration and then removed. Also, the Mass Spectrometer wouldn't do well down there at the bottom, typically on a port the chamber is being pumped down with, sometimes a nearby processing chamber. --DrMemory 08:27, 23 Feb. 2013 (UTC)

Linked
[| Wired] used this as an article link. Daemon8666 15:10, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, they use Wikipedia links a lot :) --Wulf 21:04, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Incorrect facts
Molecular beam epitaxy was actually first developed by Gunter in 1958 K.G. G\"{u}nther Aufdampfschichten aus halbleitenden III-V Verbindungen Z. Naturforsch. 13a (1958) 1081-1089

...and actual epitaxial deposition by Davey in 1968: J.E. Davey and T. Pankey Epitaxial GaAs Films Deposited by Vacuum Evaporation J. Appl. Phys. 39 (1968) 1941-1948

 * This may be correct. The earliest paper on the subject by Cho that I could find (J. Appl. Phys v41 p2780) references the above articles, though I have not read them.  I do believe that Cho is commonly viewed as a pioneer of the technique. Sewebster 07:14, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

There is a presumption of validity with a granted patent. Dr. John R. Arthur was named as first inventor (along with Dr. Al Y. Cho) on the US patent for the invention of molecular beam epitaxy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.140.244.138 (talk) 22:53, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

Alfred Y. Cho
Cho has several awards for his MBE work which was one of the most important techniques for the realisation of opto and high frequency GaAs devices. He received the US National Medal of Technology in 2007; Cho had already picked up the National Medal of Science back in 1993.

Cho switched to Bell Labs in 1968, where he hooked up with John Arthur to work on GaAs.

"I wanted to combine the ion propulsion knowledge with the surface physics knowledge to form a viable new crystal growth technology - MBE," explained Cho.

As IntelliEpi CEO Yung Kao told Cho, the beauty of MBE is its flexibility - it can be used for state-of-the-art nanostructure development, but also commercial IC production.

The innovations will surely continue – MBE has also been identified as one of the key technologies to ensure that silicon chip makers can continue to follow Moore's Law, because the technique can be used in advanced processing to deposit high-k gate dielectrics and metals.

http://compoundsemiconductor.net/cws/article/news/30691

In 2006 Veeco Instruments Inc., one of the leading MBE equipment manufacturers, announced its co-sponsorship of two major MBE awards: the Al Cho Award and the MBE Innovator Award. Initiated in 2004, the Al Cho Award, is presented in early-September at the International MBE Conference.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=RedirectURL&_method=externObjLink&_locator=url&_plusSign=%2B&_targetURL=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.mbe2006.all-nano.waseda.ac.jp

Another MBE equipment maker, Riber, of France, in 2004 announced that the first recipient of the RIBER/NAMBE sponsored "Al Cho" award was Professor C. Thomas Foxon of the Department of Astronomy and Physics at Nottingham University in the UK. The award recognizes an outstanding contribution over a sustained period of time by an individual or individuals to the understanding of the MBE process and to the realization of its potential as an enabling technology. His pioneering work on MBE growth mechanistic studies and the preparation of some of the very first truly ultra high mobility MBE heterostructures at Philips Laboratories in Redhill and more recently his work on GaN materials and Spintronics at Nottingham was, and continues to be, very instrumental in stimulating and maintaining the interest of generations of MBE scientists and technologists the world over. At the Philips Research Laboratories, in collaboration with Prof Joyce, he began the first work in Europe on the growth of III-V semiconductors by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), and at Nottingham University, in collaboration with Prof Orton, he established the first work in Europe on the growth of group III-Nitrides by MBE. C. Thomas Foxon has been one of the world key MBE scientists for 35 years. During this time he has filed several patent applications, co-authored over 500 publications, many invited talks and numerous other presentations in international conferences.

He fabricated the first MBE artificial superlattice, the first MBE hyper-abrupt junction varactor, IMPATT diode, mixer diode, field effect transistor operating at microwave frequencies, and the first MBE double- heterostructure laser operating cw at room temperature.

http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/biography/cho.html

I reckon this guy deserves a WP page all to himself!

Latest one to receive the Cho Award was University of Illinois' Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Norman K.Y. Cheng has received the MBE Innovator Award, a recognition that acknowledges individuals whose innovative work has significantly advanced the field of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).

Cheng accepted the award at the North American MBE (NAMBE) conference Sept. 25 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The award presented to Cheng included a $3,000 honorarium and engraved plaque. A citation given at the presentation, attended by more than 200 people, said Cheng made "outstanding contributions to the development InGaAs-based heterostructures for ultra-high-speed devices and pioneering work in III-V dilute nitride semiconductor alloys in addition to his invention of rotating substrate holder used in MBE systems."

Cheng. "I’ve learned a lot of things from Al Cho - not only restricted to the research, but in ways of dealing with research topics. I think students are also an important part, and I appreciate their help. In collaboration with Professor Milton Feng, Cheng is also making a new version of the heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT), a device that can handle signals of very high frequencies over five hundred GHz with a high power handling capability."We’re reaching the world record, almost 700 GHz,” said Cheng. "We’ll deliver the results at this year’s International Electron Device Meeting (IEDM) in December in Washington D.C. It is the most prestigious conference for new devices."

http://www.ece.uiuc.edu/news/headlines/hl-cheng-mbe.html

Royzee (talk) 18:40, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Alfred Y. Cho already does have a WP page to himself :) --KJ Cheetham 3 May 2008 —Preceding comment was added at 17:23, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

Addition of information
This page really needs more information about the specifics of MBE. The CBE (chemical beam epitaxy) page actually has better info about MBE than MBE's own page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.61.35.109 (talk) 04:15, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

Poundel?
Whoever added the word "Poundel" to the beginning of the article should justify its usage. --Shanedidona (talk) 21:22, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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Image
Does this image fit within the article? The description says only "MBE at IICO". Wouterhagens (talk) 19:31, 13 November 2021 (UTC)

It's a UH vacuum chamber for sure, but I don't see any MB epitaxy sources there, so I'd say no, it doesn't illustrate MBE that well. Ponor (talk) 00:07, 14 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Molecular-beam epitaxy


text: User talk:69.210.73.174

title: User talk:69.210.73.174


text:
Democratic Popular Party

Democratic Popular Party may refer to:-

 * The Social Democratic Party (Portugal) formerly known as Democratic Popular Party
 * The Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico
 * The Democratic Popular Party (Spain)
 * The Popular Democratic Party (France)

title: Democratic Popular Party


text: User talk:83.22.25.254

title: User talk:83.22.25.254


text:
Mission-type tactics

Mission-type tactics (German: Auftragstaktik, from Auftrag and Taktik; also known as mission command in the United States and the United Kingdom) is a method of command and delegation where the military commander gives subordinate leaders a clearly-defined objective, high-level details such as a timeframe, and the forces needed to accomplish that objective. The subordinate leaders are given the planning initiative and freedom of execution: they decide on the methods to achieve the objective independently. This allows a high degree of flexibility at the operational and tactical levels of command, which allows for faster decision-making on the ground and frees the higher leadership from managing the tactical details to concentrate on the strategic picture. This may be contrasted with "Befehlstaktik" or command-type tactics.

For the success of the mission-type tactics, the subordinate leaders must understand the orders' intent and be trained to act independently. The success of the doctrine rests upon the subordinates' understanding of the intent of the issuer of the orders issuer and their willingness to achieve the goal even if their actions violate other guidance or received orders. In armies which don't, as a whole, embody mission-style tactics, taking the risk of disobeying some orders or questioning limitations in the normal course of achieving a mission is sometimes associated with elite units, which sometimes foster a particular type of innovative culture which enables and rewards this behaviour.

Mission-type tactics were a central component of German armed forces' military tactics since the 19th century. Mission-type tactics are advocated but not always used by the chain of command in the US, Canadian, Dutch and British armies.

The term Auftragstaktik was coined by the tactic's opponents, who preferred Normaltaktiker. Strictly speaking, the term Auftragstaktik grammatically appears to refer to a type of tactics, rather than a method of leadership and delegation. Therefore, in the modern German Army, the Bundeswehr, the term Führen mit Auftrag ("leading by mission") is used instead. However, the older and shorter but unofficial term is more widespread.

Etymology
When it is translated to English, the German word, which has never been part of the official German military's lexicon, loses some of its effect. The German word does not describe a set of tactics per se, and it certainly neither is limited to the tactical level of operations nor a method of leadership. However, it encapsulates a style of command: "tactics focused on accomplishing the task/mission", as opposed to Befehlstaktik ("tactics focused on executing a set of orders"). Direct orders are an exception in the German military, and "tasks" are the standard instrument of leadership from the high command down to the squad level.

Many other terms were used to denote concepts of mission-type tactics in Germany between 1891 and 1914, a few being Freies Verfahren ("free method"), Freie Taktik ("free tactics"), Auftragsverfahren ("mission method"), Individualverfahren ("individual method") and Initiativverfahren ("initiative method"). A discussion of the evolution of the terminology is given by Stephan Leistenschneider.

Characteristics
As a crucial characteristic of this method of command and delegation, subordinate leaders must understand the intent of their orders, are given proper guidance and are trained to act independently. Conversely, superior commanders must give their subordinates no more orders than are essential (every order given is regarded as an additional constraint upon its recipient) and to be rigorous, clear and succinct in the expression of their commands.

The success of the doctrine rests upon the recipient of orders understanding the intent of whoever issues the orders and acting to achieve the goal, even if their actions violate other guidance or orders they have received. Mission-type tactics assume the possibility of violating other previously expressed limitations in order to achieve a mission. They are a concept most easily sustained in a decentralised command culture. This stands in contrast to organizational structures in which, at every level, a subordinate is only expected and therefore only trained to follow detailed orders.

The classic German Auftragstaktik approach called for every commander to be trained to function effectively at two levels of command above his appointment; a platoon commander—an appointment that was, and is, an NCO one in the German Army—would be expected to control battalion actions, if need be.

Some would say that today, such a culture is associated only with elite units, not a whole army. Few armies seem to have mastered the approach. The Wehrmacht are perhaps the premier example, a degree of competence that was achieved only after rigorous training under Hans von Seeckt between 1919 and 1935. Since World War II, only the Israeli Defence Force seems to have come close to matching the Wehrmacht of World War II in the exercise of command in this style, partly because of a conscious decision on the part of Moshe Dayan. He fought under British command in World War II and attended a British Army Staff training course that his memoirs state greatly disappointed him.

This style of command originates in a state (Prussia) that saw itself as small, surrounded by enemies and in imminent danger of destruction; the same may be said of Israel. That may offer a clue to the failure of other equally developed armies to adopt this way of exercising command. For example, the British Army in 1987 announced an intention to adopt 'Mission Command', but an internal 2004 British Army review of command and control in the Iraq War in 2003 clearly shows that it had achieved the reverse: British orders were substantially more detailed, and subordinates more constrained than twenty years prior. This may indicate that simply adding "process" does not result in Auftragstaktik.

Origins
Napoleon had fought a continual battle of movement. Throughout his career, at least until the Peninsular War, he demonstrated his ability to defeat any enemy by the greater flexibility of his units and through better deployment. The fact that French troops were mainly composed of conscripts indicates that it was Napoleon's organization of the troops, rather than their professional training, that gave the French an overall advantage.

After the severe defeat of the Prussians by Napoleon in 1806 in the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, the Prussian military rethought their military approach and aimed to build a college of military capability, the General Staff, as a systemic counter to the individual genius that had so soundly beaten them. The Prussian Army thus aimed to institutionalize excellence, to build in its structure a flexibility akin to Napoleon's. To enable this flexibility, the Prussian Army also sought to inculcate in General Staff Officers the ability to ensure that each military unit understood and executed its mission.

One of the earliest alleged uses of Auftragstaktik was at the Battle of Königgrätz in the Austro-Prussian War. Auftragstaktik is one of the tools often claimed to have given the Prussians their decisive victory. That claim is difficult to accept since no appreciation of Auftragstaktik had been accepted officially. The Bohemian Campaign could have been an example of its use only if having subordinate commanders that ignore directives from superiors, who march southward when ordered to march east and treat their senior commanders with barely concealed contempt can truly be described as a form of "flexible command". Most of the Prussian commanders, particularly Frederick Charles of the 1st Prussian Army, had no real understanding of Moltke the Elder's strategy. Frederick Charles did not much like the parts that he understood, was uncooperative under Moltke's orders, and disobeyed him several times. During the battle and without authorisation, he acted on his own initiative and launched a premature attack on the Austrian Army, which nearly ended in disaster. If Crown Prince Frederick William had arrived only an hour later, the battle might have been decisively lost.

After the First World War, the monitoring, coaching and training role built a level of trust, competency and understanding across the whole 4,000-strong German post-war officer corps that made a new level of excellence possible.

Excellence in this case is derived in part from the tradition of Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Carl von Clausewitz and Helmuth von Moltke and was based upon the premise that hard-and-fast rules had no place in the environment of war, which was the realm of human emotion, friction, chance and uncertainty. Moltke is considered one of the principal advocates of independent thinking and acting among his subordinates: "Diverse are the situations under which an officer has to act on the basis of his own view of the situation. It would be wrong if he had to wait for orders at times when no orders can be given. But most productive are his actions when he acts within the framework of his senior commander's intent."

Under the Auftragstaktik system, the selection of combat formations, as well as their route and rate of advance, was based upon a unit's mission, the terrain and the enemy's disposition, something Napoleon was renowned for doing. Building a high level of trust, competency and understanding is crucial for the success of such a doctrine. The freedoms that might imply have challenged many armies' views of military discipline, including that of the Prussian Army.

A review and analysis of mission-type tactics in a variety of military establishments is provided by Eitan Shamir.

Training
The force flexibility that underlies this command style poses particular challenges once the new task-oriented formation is created. The creation of combined-arms forces poses particular challenges to command, especially if they are attached during a battle. To that end during and before the Second World War, the German General Staff cross posted officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) between the different branches of the army. It was therefore not unusual to find an armour commander with experience of artillery and infantry command. Similarly, NCOs with cross-branch tactical experience ensured that these combined-arms teams did operate in an integrated fashion. The German High Command (OKH) ran multiple exercises, or war games, in the 1930s starting with small operations and in later years involving very large formations and major movements to ensure doctrinal coherence and the opportunity to revise and learn. The General Staff played a vital role in assuring the quality of these exercises and in ensuring that lessons were learnt and much of the philosophy was incorporated in its 1933 Field Manual Truppenführung.

Doctrine
Doctrine is the conceptual underpinning of how to think and to operate effectively, and teaching leaders what to think is dogma. Doctrine is thus a framework to ensure common understanding and is the basis of training in armies.

A few statements underline the general motivation of Auftragstaktik:

 * "Everything in war is very simple but the simplest thing is difficult." (Carl von Clausewitz)
 * "No operational plan can, with any degree of safety, go further than the first encounter with the enemy's main force." (Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke, a slightly more colloquial paraphrase is "No plan survives first contact with the enemy")
 * "Nothing is enduring, except the change of situation." (common adage of German soldiers)

Thus, Auftragstaktik can be seen as a doctrine within which formal rules can be selectively suspended in order to overcome "friction". Problems will occur with misplaced communications; troops going to the wrong location; delays caused by weather etc.; and, in during battle, successes of the enemy. It is the duty of the commander to do his best to overcome them. Auftragstaktik encourages commanders to exhibit initiative, flexibility and improvisation while in command. Auftragstaktik does not allow a commander to actually disobey orders, but it allows, which may be seen as surprising by some, and even demands for him to consider an order no longer binding if it would not have been given in the changed situation (according to his own judgment). Only the intent of the higher commander must be maintained.

That demands, of course, junior officers and NCOs, which are rarely private ranks, to have the skill and also the self-confidence to treat the order accordingly. A sub-leader whose first fear is to be lectured by his superior cannot bring himself to do anything else with orders than to execute them to the letter; he is not capable of Auftragstaktik. Also, it means that the so-called leader on site (German: "Führer vor Ort"; it has to be determined who that is if, say, soldiers from different units without uniting command structure fight together in one place) becomes rather more important than the vertical chain of command. That is because the leader on site must be obeyed unconditionally (that is, within the bounds of international law, penal law and human dignity). As for higher but absent leaders, it is ultimately in the responsibility of the leader on site to determine whether the situation has changed, but, of course, if he deviates from an order he will have to explain his actions afterward.

There are cases cited during combat in which the operational orders were a copy of orders that had been issued for an earlier operation or training exercise. It is claimed that almost the only thing that has been changed were unit names and locations. That strongly suggests that long experience of operations allowed senior commanders to be quite abstract in their orders, which were issued without great fear of being misunderstood. It also suggests that sequences of moves on quite a large scale were already familiar to the forces involved, which probably improved their execution.

Information Age
Mission command is compatible with modern military network-centric concepts, and less-centralised approaches to command and control (C2) in general.

"The paradox of war in the Information Age is one of managing massive amounts of information and resisting the temptation to overcontrol it. The competitive advantage is nullified when you try to run decisions up and down the chain of command. All platoons and tank crews have real-time information on what is going on around them, the location of the enemy, and the nature and targeting of the enemy's weapons system. Once the commander's intent is understood, decisions must be devolved to the lowest possible level to allow these front line soldiers to exploit the opportunities that develop". —General Gordon R. Sullivan, quoted in Delivering Results by David Ulrich.

Effectiveness
Analysis by the US Army of the 1939 German invasion of Poland found, "The emphasis which the Germans placed on the development of leadership and initiative in commanders during years of preparatory training brought its rewards in the Polish campaign. With confidence that these principles had been properly inculcated, all commanders, from the highest to the lowest echelons, felt free to carry out their missions or meet changes in situations with a minimum of interference by higher commanders". It recognised that "initiative, flexibility and mobility" were the essential aspects of German tactics.

A key aspect of mission-type tactics is forward control. To understand what is happening at the point of action and to be able to take decisions quickly, the operational commander must be able to observe results. The decision to deviate from original plans in pursuit of the mission must be made for 'friction' to be overcome and momentum to be sustained. The impact of the application of personal influence was thought to be critical and to be possible only because of the bench-strength provided by general staff officers managing in the formations' rear.

That aspect is also responsible for the high casualty rate amongst commanders even in successful operations (5% of all of the dead). Heinz Guderian ensured that all German tanks had radio receivers to make his command effective.

The domination of the battlefield, combined with the difficulty of discerning the pattern of the attacker's assault, which used integrated command of combined arms teams, meant that conventional force strategies were rendered ineffective as the "Front seemed to disappear".

External links and further reading

 * Generals Balck And Von Mellenthin On Tactics: Implications For NATO Military Doctrine a 1980 paper where the concept of the Auftragstaktik is explained and demonstrated.
 * Werner Widder (de): Auftragstaktik and Innere Führung. Trademarks of German Generalship. In: Military Review (2002), September–October, p. 3–9
 * Manuel de Landa, War in the Age of Intelligent Machines, 1991.
 * von Luck, Hans. Panzer Commander. Cassell Military, 1991. Available online, accessed 4 October 2005.
 * "Auftragstaktik, or Directive Control, in Joint and Combined Operations." Parameters, US Army War College Quarterly. Autumn 1999, Vol. XXIX, No. 3. David M. Keithly and Stephen P. Ferris. Available online, accessed 11 November 2005.
 * Gerhard Muhm: German Tactics in the Italian Campaign.
 * Gerhard Muhm, "La tattica tedesca nella campagna d'Italia," in Linea gotica avamposto dei Balcani, a cura di Amedeo Montemaggi – Edizioni Civitas, Roma 1993.
 * Originally published in German as Heeresdienstvorschrift 300: Part 1 (1933) and Part 2 (1934)..
 * Jeremy Tozer, Leading Through Leaders, 2012, Kogan Page, London.
 * Stephen Bungay, The Art of Action, 2011, Nicholas Brealey, London.

title: Mission-type tactics


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-05-30/Vandal fighter

Anti-vandalism tool written by Wikipedian
CryptoDerk has this week released the latest version of some open source software he has written to help combat vandalism on Wikimedia Foundation projects. The software, titled simply CryptoDerk's Vandal Fighter or CDVF for short, works on Wikipedia and its sister projects, and runs off a live feed via IRC of the recent changes on the project. CryptoDerk first released the software on 9 May, and has been rapidly adding new features and functionality, releasing version 2.1 on 26 May.

Features
CDVF runs under Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS, and is essentially a GUI for a recent changes feed which allows users to customise what changes they see in a variety of ways. Most usefully, usernames and IP addresses can be added to blacklists and whitelists; changes made by users on the blacklist are flagged with an icon, while those on the whitelist do not show up.

Users can import their watchlist into the program, allowing the program to highlight changes made to articles on it. The program can also be set to automatically blacklist users whose edits have been reverted by users in the whitelist. Another feature handy for detecting suspicious edits is a display of the number of bytes added or removed at each edit, quickly revealing any page blanking or section removal.

Recent changes via IRC
The software is yet another enhancement for those for whom the simple recent changes page is not enough. Hard core Wikipediholics have for some time been able to take advantage of live feeds of recent changes, which update in real time, and have more recently been able to monitor changes via IRC. An IRC channel tracking recent changes was recently installed on one of the Wikimedia servers.

CDVF takes recent change watching one step further, and many users have already declared themselves hooked. CryptoDerk expects to keep up the rapid release of new versions, and has many new feature developments in the pipeline. More information about CVDF, including where to download it from, can be found on CryptoDerk's CDVF page.

Also this week: Official positions — Time article — Rock rat — Election — Features — Vandal fighting — Substubs, templates — Trophy — T.R.O.L.L.


text: User talk:69.157.17.12

title: User talk:69.157.17.12


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Handful of Rain

Handful of Rain is the eighth studio album by American heavy metal band Savatage, released in 1994. This is the first album since the death of the band's founding member and lead guitarist Criss Oliva. who had contributed to writing on its songs "Taunting Cobras" and "Nothing's Going On" before his death.

Handful of Rain was the only time that Savatage had recorded together as a three-piece, their only release with guitarist Alex Skolnick (who had replaced Oliva), and their only one without Johnny Lee Middleton (who is credited on the insert, but did not perform) since 1985's Power of the Night. Drummer Steve Wacholz (also credited) had already left Savatage by the time the album was recorded. Instead of replacing Middleton and Wacholz, Jon Oliva provided both drums and bass on the album as well as rhythm guitar, piano, keyboards, and backing vocals.

Recording
Before the recording of the band's previous album, Edge of Thorns, Jon Oliva had temporarily left the band and stepped down as lead vocalist, and was replaced on vocals by Zak Stevens. After the recording drummer and founding member Steve Wacholz left the band and was replaced by Andy James, who quit the band immediately after Criss Oliva's death and was also contacted by Zak Stevens and Jon Olivia about tracking drums for HOA but declined to do so. The band's original plan for the next album was to have Jon Oliva rejoin the band on keys and secondary vocals, along with former rhythm guitarist Chris Caffery at a later date, but this was shaken up due to the death of lead guitarist and founding member Criss Oliva at the end of 1993.

Jon Oliva and producer Paul O'Neill decided to keep Savatage going to honour the memory of Criss, and went to Morrisound Studios in Tampa, Florida, to work on the next album. They had invited Middleton, Stevens, Wacholz and Caffery to join them, but they were still dealing with the death of Criss and did not show up. Jon Oliva and O'Neill started writing and recording the album together, with Oliva performing all drums and bass on the album, with both he and O'Neill responsible for rhythm guitar and keyboards. Oliva also performed some lead guitar, but the pair eventually enlisted former Testament guitarist Alex Skolnick to record most of the guitar solos, and subsequently contacted vocalist Zak Stevens to record the vocal parts for the album.

The first album since the death of Criss Oliva, the music is often dark in reflection of brother Jon Oliva's loss. "Chance" is about Chiune Sugihara, a Japanese diplomat in Lithuania during World War II who defied government orders by signing exit visas for thousands of Jewish refugees. "Castles Burning" is about Giovanni Falcone, an Italian magistrate killed by the mafia in 1992. "Alone You Breathe" is a tribute to Criss which reuses the chord progression (albeit in a different key) and lyrics from the Streets song "Believe" in its long coda, and also part of the ending chorus in the Gutter Ballet song "When The Crowds Are Gone", although the lyrics do not mirror his death and the songs are not literally about him.

The album also marked the first time Savatage wrote a trademark vocal counterpoint in a song. The third section of "Chance" has at one point, five overdubbed vocals from singer Zak Stevens.

Release and promotion
Although it was more a Jon Oliva's solo effort, the album was released on August 16, 1994, as the eighth Savatage album. Oliva could not appear as a band member for contractual problems and so the sleeve and booklet included photos of both Wacholz and Middleton to maintain a more "classic" Savatage line-up feeling to the release. Wacholz is also in the video for the song "Handful of Rain". Jeff Plate, a former bandmate of Stevens, did not play the drums on the album, but was pictured as part of the band line-up in the European edition of the album. Plate would become a full-fledged member of the band by the time of their next release, Dead Winter Dead in 1995.

The title track was originally released as an abridged version, missing its second verse. Some editions of the album (for instance, the "Rock Masters" version released on the iTunes Store) include the omitted piece, referred to by the band and fans alike as "The Barmaid Verse".

The touring band consisted of Stevens on lead vocals and Middleton on bass guitar as the only remaining members of the line-up from the previous album. The tour also featured the official return of Jon Oliva to the band, who played keyboards, rhythm guitar and also performed vocals on several songs. The line-up was rounded out by lead guitarist Skolnick and Plate on drums.

The tour in support of Handful of Rain was documented in the live album Japan Live '94, which was released in 1995.

Reception
In a contemporary review for Rock Hard magazine, Matthias Breusch was disappointed for not being able to elect Handful of Rain among the best records of the month, like he did with Edge of Thorns. Despite sounding like a true Savatage album and a natural progression from previous works, he found the album lacking "catchy tunes" and "uptempo anthems", with the best tracks being slower songs and ballads exalted by Skolnick's guitar work.

Modern reviews are mixed. Alex Henderson of AllMusic considered Handful of Rain an excellent album "that is melodic, ambitious, often operatic and consistently absorbing" and the band "impressively consistent", even after the personnel changes caused by Criss Oliva's death. Martin Popoff instead wrote that the album was "upsetting and confusing" for older fans, confirming the band's "fascination for power pomp, accomplished, progressive light/heavy balladry", with less focus on fast heavy metal.

Credited line-up

 * Zachary Stevens - vocals
 * Alex Skolnick - guitar
 * Johnny Lee Middleton - bass
 * Steve Wacholz - drums

Actual line-up

 * Jon Oliva - drums, bass guitar, rhythm and lead guitar, piano, keyboards, backing vocals, co-producer, co-lyricist
 * Paul O'Neill - rhythm guitar, keyboards, producer, lyricist
 * Zachary Stevens - lead and backing vocals
 * Alex Skolnick - lead guitar

Touring line-up

 * Zachary Stevens - lead vocals
 * Jon Oliva - keyboards, rhythm guitar, vocals
 * Alex Skolnick - lead guitar
 * Johnny Lee Middleton - bass
 * Jeff Plate - drums

Production

 * Paul O'Neill - producer
 * Jim Morris - engineer
 * Judd Packer, Mark Prator, Tom Morris - additional engineering
 * Brian Benscoter, Dave Wehner, Jeff MacDonald, Steve Heritage - assistant engineers
 * Howard Helm - keyboards engineer
 * Bob Kinkle - pre-production engineer
 * Andy van Dette - mastering at Masterdisk, New York

title: Handful of Rain


text:
Talk:Handful of Rain

Samples
Are we cool with the external samples? And what about the whole-song thing?

Five overdubbed vocals?!
I see that there is a reference to an article that claims that "Chance" has 5 overdubbed vocals at one point. I wouldn't like to be the one questioning the authenticity of the original article, but there are clearly 6 vocals that can be heard in that part of the song: two singing "Father can you hear me/This is not how it was meant to be/I am safe and so are you/As for the other's destiny" (original melody and the third, respectively), two singing "I believe that situations/All depend on circumstance" (again original melody and the third respectively), one singing "Look away/Look away" and one singing "Pictures at an exhibition/Played as he stood in his trace/Staring at his inhibitions/All the time believing/That it now came down to nothing but this chance". That actually counts six. Just listen to the song if you don't believe me. :)

Hudini669 (talk) 18:45, 13 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Handful of Rain


text: User talk:84.191.192.132

title: User talk:84.191.192.132


text:
Sérgio Ferreira

Sérgio Ferreira may refer to:

 * Sérgio Henrique Ferreira (1934–2016), Brazilian physician and pharmacologist
 * Sérgio Ferreira (writer) (1946–2006), Portuguese-Cape Verdean writer and filmmaker

title: Sérgio Ferreira


text: User talk:68.45.80.119

title: User talk:68.45.80.119