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John Brumby

John Mansfield Brumby (born 21 April 1953) is the current Chancellor of La Trobe University and former Victorian Labor Party politician who was Premier of Victoria from 2007 to 2010. He became leader of the Victorian Labor Party and premier after the resignation of Steve Bracks. He also served as the Minister for Veterans' Affairs and the Minister for Multicultural Affairs. He contested his first election as premier at the November 2010 Victorian state election. His government was defeated by the Liberal/National Coalition led by Ted Baillieu. Brumby resigned as Labor leader after the election, on 30 November, to be replaced by Daniel Andrews. Within weeks of this leadership change, Brumby left parliament, with a Broadmeadows by-election taking place on 19 February 2011.

Brumby currently is the national president of the Australia China Business Council.

Early life
Brumby was born in Melbourne on 21 April 1953. He is one of four children born to Alison Aird and Malcolm Brumby. His father was a World War II naval veteran and chartered accountant who became managing director of shoe retailer Ezywalkin. In the 1970s his parents relocated to a grazing property near Coleraine, Victoria, where his father served as president of the Wannon Shire Council in the 1990s.

Brumby grew up in the suburb of Ivanhoe. He was educated at Ivanhoe Grammar School and then later, Melbourne Grammar School. He graduated in commerce (BCom) at University of Melbourne, in 1974; and he completed a Diploma of Education (DipEd) at the State College of Victoria at Rusden, in 1975.

He was a teacher at Eaglehawk High School, in Bendigo, from 1976 to 1979. From 1979 to 1983 he was an employee of the Victorian Teachers Union. He was also active in the Labor Party.

Federal MP
In 1983 Brumby was elected to the Australian House of Representatives for the seat of Bendigo, which he held until his defeat in 1990. A member of the Labor Unity faction, he was a strong supporter of Prime Minister Bob Hawke and an opponent of the Socialist Left faction, which historically had its stronghold in the Victorian branch of the Labor Party.

Brumby then worked as a consultant before being appointed chief of staff to the federal Minister for Resources and Tourism, Alan Griffiths with responsibility for the development of policy in areas such as energy, petroleum, minerals and tourism. He held this position until February 1993, when he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council at a by-election for the seat of Doutta Galla Province in Melbourne's western suburbs.

State opposition leader
The Victorian Labor government of Joan Kirner was defeated at the October 1992 state elections by the Liberal Party led by Jeff Kennett. Kirner resigned as leader after a short period and was succeeded by her deputy Jim Kennan. When Kennan resigned from parliament in June 1993, Brumby was elected his successor. He resigned from the Legislative Council and was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly at a by-election for Kennan's seat of Broadmeadows in Melbourne's outer north.

In 1996, Brumby opposed the Kennett state government's proposed relocation of the State Museum to the Carlton Gardens site adjacent to the Royal Exhibition Building. At this time, Brumby first proposed that the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens be nominated for World Heritage listing. The World Heritage nomination was opposed at the time by the Kennett Liberal state government. It was not until after the 1999 state election that the Bracks Labor government nominated and obtained World Heritage Listing for the site.

From 1993 to 1996 Brumby worked to restore Labor's fortunes in Victoria. The defeat of the federal Labor government in March 1996 prompted Kennett to call an early state election three weeks later. Labour only managed a net two-seat gain, leaving it 20 seats behind the Coalition. This defeat was claimed to have undermined Brumby's position as leader. Brumby was later replaced as Labor leader in March 1999, agreeing to resign in favour of Shadow Treasurer Steve Bracks.

Bracks government
Steve Bracks narrowly won the state election called by Kennett in September 1999 and appointed Brumby as Minister for Finance, Assistant Treasurer and Minister for State and Regional Development. Brumby formed part of the core leadership team of senior ministers in the new government along with Bracks, Deputy Premier John Thwaites and Attorney-General Rob Hulls. Bracks initially served as treasurer and premier, assisted by Brumby who was responsible for Victoria's finances and most of the workload of the Treasury portfolio. On 22 May 2000, Brumby was appointed state treasurer.

As treasurer, Brumby presided over steady economic growth in Victoria, and his economic management was given some of the credit, along with the personal popularity of Bracks, for Labor's landslide re-elections in 2002 and 2006. Brumby ensured that the Labor Government maintained a budget surplus.

During 2004 Brumby was criticised by the state Liberal opposition for sharp increases in the rate of land tax in Victoria, which was criticised by many for potentially threatening the viability of many small businesses. Land tax rates were cut in the 2005 state budget. Faced with a choice of having to fund road infrastructure at the expense of the development of Victoria's schools, hospitals and public transport, Brumby decided to impose a toll on the new Scoresby Freeway (later known as EastLink) in eastern Melbourne. The decision, which broke a 2002 pre-election promise, provoked a hostile response from the Liberal Opposition and local community groups as well as caused the (Liberal) Federal Government to withhold its share of the funding for the project.

Premier of Victoria
On 27 July 2007 the then Victorian premier, Steve Bracks, announced his retirement from politics, citing family reasons for the decision. Deputy Premier John Thwaites also announced his resignation later that day. On 30 July Brumby was elected unopposed as leader, and was sworn in as premier later that day with Attorney-General Rob Hulls as his deputy.

Brumby even gained the endorsement of Jeff Kennett, the man he made an unsuccessful attempt to oust as Premier at the 1996 election.

An early challenge occurred in November 2007 when State Labor MP Tammy Lobato publicly criticised Brumby over a decision by cabinet to allow genetically modified canola to be grown in Victoria. Other State Labor MPs were also said to be upset over Brumby's approach to the issue, and in particular, the way that he allegedly rail-roaded the policy through.

Brumby's response to a plan proposed by then Liberal Party Prime Minister John Howard for the federal government to assume control of the Murray-Darling Basin water catchment from the states was also an early issue. Under the previous Premier, Steve Bracks, Victoria had been the only state to refuse to accept Howard's plan. Following the election on 24 November 2007 of a new Australian Labor Party controlled federal government Brumby agreed to commit Victoria to an amended plan on 26 March 2008.

In April 2008 he was widely applauded for his move to break up the Victorian poker machine gambling duopoly starting in 2012. The move was supported in particular by organisations such as the Interchurch Gambling Taskforce and the Australian Hotels Association. Some concerns, however, were raised that the decision could ultimately result in a A$1 billion compensation claim from the companies standing to lose their duopoly status as a result of the decision, Tattersalls and Tabcorp. The government, however, denied that any claim for compensation would be successful.

In May 2008, following the reporting of several episodes of violence in various Melbourne Bars and Clubs in the media, Brumby announced a 2am entry curfew on Melbourne city bars, pubs and clubs. The move sparked considerable opposition, with venue operators launching successful legal contests to the legislation, and patrons protesting outside State Parliament House. Brumby announced the dropping of the plan in November 2008, following an increase in violence which the legislation had been aimed at curbing. Critics of the curfew system called the plan populist and regressive, with little concern for the impact on the vast majority of club-goers that did not instigate violence. Subsequently, liquor licensing changes impacted live music venues, notably with The Tote Hotel (amongst others) claiming they had been forced into closure as the operator could no longer afford to support the extra staff required under changes to legislation. Critics argued that these types of venues were not often problem areas for police, and that legislative changes were poorly planned and implemented.

During 2008 Brumby's government passed an act decriminalising abortion.

He contested as Premier at the November 2010 Victorian state election and his government was narrowly defeated by the Liberal/National Coalition led by Ted Baillieu.

On 30 November, Brumby announced that he was standing down as Labor leader in Victoria, and that the parliamentary Labor Party would meet on 3 December to elect a new leader and shadow ministry. Ted Baillieu was sworn in as Premier on 2 December formally ending Brumby's tenure, with Brumby resigning from parliament on 21 December.

Post-political career
Following his resignation from parliament, Brumby was appointed as a joint Vice Chancellor's Fellow at Monash University and the University of Melbourne, chairman of Motor Trades Association of Australia Superannuation Fund, member of the federal government's GST Distribution Review panel, and a director of Huawei in Australia. In 2017 he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia for distinguished service to the Parliament of Victoria, to economic management and medical biotechnology innovation, to improved rural and regional infrastructure, and to the community. He is currently the Australian China Business Council national president.

In February 2019, Brumby resigned from the Huawei board and in March 2019 took up his appointment as Chancellor of La Trobe University.

Personal life
John Brumby is married to Rosemary McKenzie and has three children. His father, Malcolm Brumby, died from a stroke on 26 September 2010.

title: John Brumby


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User:DanDawson

Hello! I am Dan Dawson and now live in Bend, Oregon, but prior to that lived in Santa Cruz County, California.

When I first came across Wikipedia I thought it was an EXCELLENT concept! It didn't take long at all before I made an edit or two, next thing I knew I was creating new articles.

I'm a web developer, professional photographer and also a private pilot. You will see most of my edits probably pertaining to those areas as well as the local history of the Santa Cruz area.

My most recent project has been documenting a bit of the history of the airports in Santa Cruz County. All but one of them are now closed or restricted to being private-use airports.

I currently fly Cessna 172's, 182's, and Cherokee 140's and did most of my flying out of Watsonville Municipal Airport. I am also an FAA Part 107 certified pilot of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and volunteer with my local Sheriff's office Search and Rescue team as their Air Operations Team Coordinator.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:DanDawson


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Talk:Structural equation modeling

Suggestions from the Membership of the SEM-Net listserv
SEM-Net is a large and longstanding email listserv of people who are interested in Structural Equation Modeling. A group of them, led by Leslie Hayduk, put together a set of suggestions for content for the article. They do not have a lot of experience editing Wikipedia, so they gathered the material and emailed it to me to ask for help converting it to Wiki Markup. I am nearly done with this in my Sandbox, and I will start moving content over to here (Talk page) or to the main article. Suggestions or help moving content both welcome! Prof. Eric A. Youngstrom (talk) 18:36, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

Sample size section
"Complexities which increase information demands in structural model estimation increase with the number of potential combinations of latent variables; while the information supplied for estimation increases with the number of measured parameters times the number of observations in the sample size – both are non-linear. Sample size in SEM can be computed through two methods: the first as a function of the ratio of indicator variables to latent variables, and the second as a function of minimum effect, power and significance. Software and methods for computing both have been developed by Westland (2010)."

There is a long history addressing the issues of sample size in SEM. I have edited out what I feel are personal, unfounded and unscientific assertions from an anonymous poster. Indeed this quote is from my research: both the ECRA article and my Springer book "Structural Equation Models: From Path to Network Analysis". (JC Westland)

Software
Hey, I don't think that directing folks to the software implementations of the method counts as a link directory WP:LINKSTOAVOID.

>Researchers using SEM employ software programs (such as Mplus, lavaan (in R), LISREL, OpenMx, SPSS AMOS, Stata)

Would you be ok if we changed the external links to bluelinks?

> Researchers using SEM employ software programs (such as Mplus, lavaan (in R_(programming_language)), LISREL, OpenMx, SPSS AMOS, Stata)

I think that way we wouldn't lose the important information about software without feeling like we're advertising, which I think is your concern

Mason (talk) 12:29, 7 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Making a list of external links to software is exactly a link directory, and exactly the sort of thing we shouldn't be doing. I also don't agree that lists of examples should be present. I don't feel this is 'important information' since Wikipedia isn't supposed to be a site that recommends particular software to users. - MrOllie (talk) 12:35, 7 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Ah, ok. I can see where you're coming from. Let me think about it because as someone who teaches SEM, these are pretty much "all" the major software implementations that researchers use. I've found that folks are much more receptive to applying techniques if they're already familiar with the software. Mason (talk) 12:45, 7 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Looks like we both missed the section on software, lol. Structural_equation_modeling. I'll putt the missing information there.Mason (talk) 12:58, 7 July 2022 (UTC)

Discuss Differences to Bayesian Networks
E.g. cyclic dependencies are allowed. Could you add more, including literature on it? Biggerj1 (talk) 21:08, 22 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Structural equation modeling


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Sheldon Silver

Sheldon Silver (February 13, 1944 – January 24, 2022) was an American Democratic Party politician and attorney from New York City who served as speaker of the New York State Assembly from 1994 to 2015. A native of Manhattan's Lower East Side, Silver served in the New York State Assembly from 1977 to 2015. In 1994, he was selected as the Speaker of the Assembly; he held that position for two decades. During this period, Silver was known as one of the most powerful politicians in the state.

Silver was arrested on federal corruption charges in early 2015, and resigned as Speaker of the Assembly shortly afterward. At his trial that November, he was convicted of all charges; the felony convictions triggered his automatic expulsion from the Assembly. Silver's conviction was overturned on appeal, but in May 2018, following a retrial, he was found guilty on the same charges. After another appeal, the Second Circuit Court dismissed the guilty verdicts for three of the charges, but upheld them for four others. Silver was resentenced in July 2020 to $6 1/2$ years in prison and a $1 million fine. He was incarcerated in the federal prison at Otisville, New York. Silver was released on May 4, 2021, under a provision of the CARES Act, which allows prison bureaus to release those deemed vulnerable to COVID-19, but was recalled to a medical-care specialized federal prison at Devens, Massachusetts two days later on May 6. He died at a hospital in nearby Ayer, Massachusetts, on January 24, 2022, while still serving his sentence.

Early life
An Orthodox Jew whose parents were Russian immigrants, Silver was a native of Manhattan's Lower East Side. He graduated from the Rabbi Jacob Joseph High School on Henry Street, where he was captain of the basketball team. Silver graduated from Yeshiva University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965, and earned his Juris Doctor from Brooklyn Law School in 1968.

Law career
Silver practiced law with the firm of Schecter and Schwartz from 1968 until 1971, and then served as law secretary for New York City Civil Court Judge Francis N. Pecora from 1971 to 1976. In addition to Silver's duties in the New York State Assembly from 1977 to 2015, he was "of counsel" at Weitz & Luxenberg, one of New York State's largest personal injury litigation firms.

For years, Weitz & Luxenberg insisted that Silver's ties with the firm were negligible. In 2007, the New York Post charged that Silver's refusal to disclose the terms of his employment or the income he received raised suspicions of a conflict of interest. The income Silver received from Weitz & Luxenberg and the manner in which Silver obtained it ultimately led to his 2015 arrest on federal corruption charges.

Elections
Silver was first elected to the Assembly in 1976. Silver advanced to the chairmanship of the Assembly Ways and Means Committee in 1991 and became speaker of the Assembly in 1994.

During the election years of his speakership, 1994–2014, Silver's district typically re-elected him with 80 to 90 percent of the vote. In 2008, he had his first Democratic primary challenge in over two decades, winning 69 percent, or 7,037 votes, to defeat his challengers, Paul Newell, who earned 22 percent (2,401 votes), and Luke Henry with 9 percent (891). Silver was re-elected on November 4 with 27,632 votes. His Republican challenger, Danniel Maio, received 7,387 votes.

Speaker of New York State Assembly
On February 11, 1994, after Saul Weprin died from a stroke, Silver became the Speaker of the New York State Assembly. Silver served as Assembly Speaker until November 30, 2015.

Death penalty
As Speaker, Silver was instrumental in the reinstatement of the death penalty in New York State in 1995. New York's death penalty law was eventually ruled unconstitutional by the New York Court of Appeals in People v. LaValle (2004). The law provided that juries in capital cases would be instructed that if they deadlocked between sentencing a defendant to life imprisonment without parole and sentencing a defendant to death, the judge would sentence the defendant to life imprisonment with parole eligibility after 20 to 25 years. The Court found this provision unconstitutional, reasoning that this instruction would make execution seem preferable to juries because they would wish to avoid a defendant's potential future release on parole. Although no executions were carried out under the 1995 law, New York's crime rate dropped significantly in the decade since the law was passed. Silver let the law expire without much debate.

In December 2005, after two New York City police officers were killed in as many months, Governor George Pataki called for reinstatement of the death penalty. The New York Times quoted Silver's spokesman Charles Carrier as saying, "He no longer supports it because Assembly hearings have shown it is not the most effective way to improve public safety."

Affordable housing
In 1997 and throughout his Assembly career, Silver was a key advocate of state-administered rent regulation of New York apartments. This complex and highly politicized system made the Speaker a central figure, continually courted by major participants in the real-estate industry.

In 1967, New York City leveled the 20 acres Seward Park Urban Renewal Area in Silver's neighborhood, and removed more than 1,800 low-income largely Hispanic families, with a promise that they could return to new low-income apartments when they were built. However, the site was kept undeveloped for decades afterward, as Silver and key allies, for example, the Metropolitan Council on Jewish Poverty strove to maintain the area's Jewish identity and opposed affordable housing, which would have brought more Hispanic and Chinese American residents. Finally in 2012, the site was approved for the Essex Crossing mixed-use development project. Construction is scheduled to be completed in 2024, some 57 years after the site was cleared.

Commuter tax
In 1999, Silver was instrumental in the repeal of New York City's commuter tax on non-resident earners. The repeal was a benefit to those commuting to work in the city from surrounding areas, but came at a substantial cost to New York City residents. Silver was criticized by city leaders for removing the tax, and although he suggested he would support reinstating it after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, he took no steps to do so.

Attempted "coup" and criticism
In 2000, Silver faced an attempted "coup" in the Assembly as members, primarily from Upstate New York and dissatisfied with his leadership style, tried to overthrow him as Speaker. Michael Bragman, the leader of the backlash, lost his position as majority leader. An editorial in The Buffalo News, written in response, criticized Silver for having too much power: "The problem—which also exists in the State Senate—can be boiled down to a single overarching issue: The Assembly speaker has too much power. He controls everything, from the legislation that can be voted on to how his normally docile members vote on it. He decides what the Assembly will accept in a state budget. He negotiates secretly with the other two leaders to hammer out important, expensive and far-reaching laws. And he ignores the wishes of less-exalted lawmakers."

New York congestion tolls
In July 2007, Silver was skeptical about New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's New York congestion pricing program. When a meeting of the Democratic Assembly Conference indicated the proposal lacked sufficient support, Silver declined to schedule a vote on the measure, and it died. Although he stated that he "probably would have voted for the bill," a majority of his conference opposed the proposed plan.

Mixed martial arts
Silver, in his role as Speaker, was widely blamed for the delay in passing legislation allowing professional mixed martial arts in New York State. New York became the last of the 50 states to allow the sport in early 2016, after Silver had been expelled from the Assembly.

Failure to investigate sexual harassment
A former top aide to Silver, chief counsel J. Michael Boxley, was accused of raping two legislative aides while he was working for the Speaker, and Boxley eventually pleaded guilty to sexual misconduct. Silver was sued for failing to investigate the accusations properly and for tolerating a culture of sexual harassment in the Assembly. In 2006, Silver and the Assembly leadership agreed to pay $500,000 to settle the lawsuit. Similar settlements in 2012 and 2015 resulted from multiple harassment charges against former Assemblyman Vito Lopez, and Silver was accused of not acting forcefully to prevent Lopez's behavior. Silver apologized for not reporting cases to the Assembly's Ethics Committee as required, and said that since then he "put in place new policies to ensure these incidents are dealt with swiftly and transparently."

Criminal proceedings
On January 7, 2015, Silver was re-elected Speaker of the New York State Assembly for the 11th time, with almost unanimous support from the Democratic majority despite an ongoing federal probe into his outside income.

Two weeks later, on January 22, Silver was arrested on federal corruption charges resulting from that probe. He was charged with extortion, wire fraud, and mail fraud. The federal inquiry, which followed the state's abrupt disbandment of its Moreland Commission to Investigate Public Corruption, focused on large payments that Silver received for years from Goldberg & Iryami, a law firm that specialized in seeking reductions of New York City real estate taxes for real estate developers. Silver was alleged to have persuaded developers who had business with the state to use the firm, which in turn generated $700,000 in referral fees to Silver. Investigators led by U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York Preet Bharara charged that Silver did not properly disclose the payments from the firm on his annual financial disclosure filings with the state. Goldberg & Iryami's major client was the state's single-largest political donor. One of the firm's founding partners, Jay Goldberg, was Silver's former Assembly counsel. Goldberg's partner at the firm, Dara Iryami, agreed to testify under immunity.

Similar charges were also filed involving millions of dollars in referral fees that Silver received from the law firm Weitz & Luxenberg. In this scheme, Silver was alleged to have directed about $500,000 in state grants to Dr. Robert Taub, a researcher in diseases caused by asbestos and the director of the Columbia University Mesothelioma Center. Taub then referred asbestos claimants to Weitz & Luxenberg, which paid Silver $1.4 million in salary and another $3.9 million in referral fees, although he did no work for them. After the charges were announced, Weitz & Luxenberg promptly placed Silver on leave. Both Taub and another of Silver's longtime associates, Brian Meara, provided key information to investigators in exchange for non-prosecution agreements.

On January 30, after a week of intense political pressure and dwindling support, Silver submitted his resignation as Speaker, effective February 2, while retaining his seat as a member of the Assembly and vowing to fight the charges against him. On February 3, the Assembly elected Carl Heastie as their new Speaker.

On April 25, 2015, Silver was indicted on additional charges of making illegal investments through private vehicles, netting a profit of $750,000. He pleaded not guilty to those charges three days later, on April 28.

Trial
Silver's trial on seven corruption charges lasted for much of November 2015. On November 30, 2015, a unanimous jury found Silver guilty on all seven counts, triggering his automatic expulsion from the Assembly. The New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, which handles judicial and attorney misconduct, affirmed his automatic disbarment for the felony convictions.

On May 3, 2016, federal judge Valerie E. Caproni of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, who presided over the trial, sentenced Silver to 12 years in prison, and ordered him to pay $5.3 million in ill-gotten gains and $1.75 million in additional fines. Silver received two prison terms: 12 years for six criminal counts against him and 10 years on the seventh, to run concurrently.

Appeal
After the conviction, Silver remained free on bail as a panel of judges considered his appeal based on the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in McDonnell v. United States that reversed the corruption conviction of former Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell.

The Supreme Court decision in the McDonnell case narrowed the kinds of activities that could constitute corruption, and Silver's conviction was overturned by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in Manhattan on July 13, 2017.

Second trial, conviction, appeal, and resentencing
After his conviction was overturned, Silver was retried on the same charges. On May 11, 2018, he was again found guilty on all counts. On July 27, 2018, Judge Caproni sentenced him to seven years in prison, five years less than the sentence she gave him for his first conviction, citing his advancing age.

Silver was due to report to prison on October 5, 2018, but this was stayed as he again appealed his conviction to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. While his case was under continued appeal, he remained free on $200,000 bail.

On January 21, 2020, the panel unanimously dismissed the three charges stemming from Silver's involvement in the asbestos exposure cases but upheld the four charges related to the kickbacks from Goldberg & Iryami and money laundering, sending the case back to Judge Caproni for resentencing. Silver was resentenced by Judge Caproni on July 20, this time to $6 1/2$ years in prison and a fine of $1 million. He reported to federal prison at Otisville, New York, on August 26, 2020. After being furloughed briefly, Silver was transferred to Federal Medical Center, Devens in May 2021.

Assessments
A number of commentators reflected on Silver's political career in the aftermath of his criminal convictions. Sara Foss, writing for the Daily Gazette, said that during his speakership, "he wielded an enormous amount of power, while also using his office for personal gain." She attributed to Silver an "opaque and autocratic style of governance". Joseph Spector and Jon Campbell in the Observer Dispatch said that, "for more than two decades" Silver "was one of the most powerful and feared politicians in New York". In 2018, Daniel Leddy of the Staten Island Advance wrote "As speaker of the New York State Assembly, Sheldon Silver was corruption personified, an iron-fisted dictator who turned that legislative body into his own personal, profit-making enterprise. The full extent of Silver's sleaziness will never be known, nor will the identity of those irreparably harmed by it".

Personal life and death
Silver and his wife Rosa, a former special needs schoolteacher, had four children. According to court papers unsealed during the sentencing phase of his first trial, Silver was alleged to have had two extramarital affairs, both of which were connected to his Albany position. Both Silver and the two women who were the subject of the allegations have denied the affairs.

By the time he became Speaker of the Assembly, he was known to play basketball with other high-ranking officials, including former Governor Mario Cuomo and former New York State Comptroller Alan G. Hevesi.

Two weeks after Silver's first criminal conviction, his son-in-law Marcello Trebitsch was sentenced to prison for a separate multimillion-dollar crime, also prosecuted by Bharara's office.

At the time of his death, Silver was imprisoned at the Devens Federal Medical Center in Devens, Massachusetts. He died at Nashoba Valley Medical Center in nearby Ayer, Massachusetts, on January 24, 2022, less than a month before his 78th birthday.

title: Sheldon Silver


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User talk:Protikche

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Stop-loss order, but we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. Perhaps you would like to rewrite the article in your own words. For more information about Wikipedia's policies and guidelines, take a look at our Five Pillars. Happy editing! --W(t) 05:28, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)

Semi-automated template substitution

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User:Ajc

Ajc is a Senior Lecturer In the Department of Biology at the University of Leicester. His interests include viruses, e-Learning and amphibians.

title: User:Ajc


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Bobby Cannavale

Bobby Cannavale (born May 3, 1970) is an American actor. His breakthrough came with the leading role as FDNY Paramedic Roberto "Bobby" Caffey in the NBC series Third Watch, which he played from 1999 to 2001.

Cannavale received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for Will & Grace in 2005, and received nominations for his recurring role on Nurse Jackie (2012, 2013). He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for portraying Gyp Rosetti in Boardwalk Empire in 2013. Other television roles include Vinyl, Mr. Robot,  Blue Bloods and Master of None. He has also starred in the Amazon Prime series Homecoming (2018–20), the Hulu miniseries Nine Perfect Strangers (2021), and Netflix's The Watcher (2022).

Cannavale made his Broadway debut in the Theresa Rebeck's 2008 play Mauritius for which he earned a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play. In 2011 he starred in Stephen Adly Guirgis comedic play The Motherfucker with the Hat earning a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play nomination. He portrayed Richard Roma in the 2012 revival of David Mamet's Glengarry Glen Ross.

Cannavale has acted in the dramatic films The Station Agent (2003), Win Win (2011), Blue Jasmine (2013), I, Tonya (2017), Motherless Brooklyn (2019), The Irishman (2019), and Blonde (2022). He has also been in comedic films, such as Paul Blart: Mall Cop (2009), The Other Guys (2010), Annie (2014), Spy (2015), and Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017). He entered the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) portraying Jim Paxton in Ant-Man (2015) and Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018). He has voiced recurring roles for the animated Netflix series BoJack Horseman and Big Mouth.

Early life
Cannavale was born on May 3, 1970, in Union City, New Jersey, where he grew up, the son of Isabel and Salvatore "Sal" Cannavale. His father is of Italian descent, while his mother is Cuban and moved to the U.S. in 1960. He was raised Catholic and attended St. Michael's Catholic School, where he participated in a number of extracurricular activities, including being an altar boy and member of the chorus.

When he was eight, Cannavale secured the plum role of the lisping boy, Winthrop, in his school's production of The Music Man and later played a gangster in Guys and Dolls, which cemented his love for performing. Cannavale's parents divorced when he was 13 and his mother moved the family to Puerto Rico. After two years in the American territory, they settled in Margate, Florida. From 1983 to 1986, Cannavale attended Coconut Creek High School, but during his senior year, he was expelled “for being a cutup.” He then returned to New Jersey to live with his grandmother, in order to be closer to New York to launch his acting career and went to summer school to earn a diploma from Union Hill High School.

Career
Cannavale began his acting career in the theater – with no acting training – and gained early film roles in Night Falls on Manhattan (1997) and The Bone Collector (1999), Cannavale became well known when he starred as Bobby Caffey for two seasons on Third Watch. Following this, in 2001, he starred with Alan Arkin in 100 Centre Street – which was written and directed by Sidney Lumet, his then-father-in-law.

In 2002, he joined the cast of Ally McBeal for the last five episodes, but the show was then cancelled. Following this, he starred with Yancey Arias and Sheryl Lee in the miniseries Kingpin. In 2003, Cannavale briefly appeared on the last two episodes of Oz. He also appeared in the film The Station Agent as a man who befriends a little person removed from society. From 2004 to 2006, he had a recurring guest role on Will & Grace as Vince D'Angelo, the boyfriend (and eventual husband) of Will Truman (Eric McCormack). However, in the reboot, they are revealed not to be married. For this role, he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series in 2005. He has also appeared in the films The Guru (2002), Shall We Dance? (2004), Romance & Cigarettes (2005) and Snakes on a Plane, and guest-starred in Sex and the City, Six Feet Under, Oz, Law & Order – and its spin-off series Law & Order: Criminal Intent and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. He appeared in The Take (2007) as Agent Steve Perelli, alongside John Leguizamo and Tyrese Gibson.

Cannavale serves as the voice of Corado R. Ciarlo, known as "Babe", in the Ken Burns PBS film series The War (the story of World War II) from the perspective of the men who fought in combat and their loved ones at home. He also read the audiobook versions of Richard Price's 2008 novel Lush Life and Ed Falco's 2012 novel The Family Corleone. On August 25, 2008, ABC ordered his pilot Cupid, a remake of the 1998 program which had starred Jeremy Piven and Paula Marshall, to series. In the new version of the series, Cannavale starred opposite Sarah Paulson with script development overseen by original series creator Rob Thomas. ABC debuted Cupid on March 31, 2009, but cancelled the series after less than two months, on May 19, 2009.

In 2008, he received a Tony Award nomination for his role as Dennis in the Broadway play, Mauritius. In 2009, CBS announced Cannavale would reprise his role of Det. Eddie Saccardo on the television show, Cold Case, for three episodes, starting with the third episode of Season 7. Cannavale was in the film The Other Guys (2010), and played the role of Terry Delfino in the film Win Win (2011). He later starred in the Broadway play The Motherfucker with the Hat alongside Chris Rock and Annabella Sciorra. On May 3, 2011 (his 41st birthday), he was nominated for a Tony Award for his leading role in that production.

In 2012 and 2013, he guest-starred in the fourth and fifth season of Showtime's Nurse Jackie, for which he was nominated twice again for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series in 2012 and 2013, as well as joining the cast of HBO's Boardwalk Empire, portraying the psychopathic Sicilian gangster Gyp Rosetti in the third season. His performance on Boardwalk Empire won critical acclaim, earning him the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2013. That same year he also played Lewis, a vengeful clown on Modern Family during the third season, for which he was nominated for Best Guest Performer in a Comedy Series at the 2nd Critics' Choice Television Awards in 2012. TV Guide, in its "Cheers & Jeers 2012" issue, praised Cannavale for this "trifecta of great performances", commenting, "This guy is so good at playing bad, it's scary." He played what Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com called a "heroically moving" lead role in Danny Collins in 2015.

Since 2015, Cannavale has been involved with voice-over work for Playing On Air, a non-profit organization that "records short plays [for public radio and podcast] written by top playwrights and performed by outstanding actors." He has starred in three short plays, including Crazy Eights by David Lindsay-Abaire, co-starring Rosie Perez and John Leguizamo; Mere Mortals by David Ives; and 2 Dads by David Auburn.

In January 2020, Cannavale appeared with his real-life partner Rose Byrne in the play Medea, written and directed by Simon Stone.

In 2021, Cannavale played Tony Hogburn in the Nicole Kidman led Hulu miniseries Nine Perfect Strangers (based on the novel of the same name by Liane Moriarty), which also featured Melissa McCarthy, Michael Shannon, Luke Evans, Samara Weaving, and Asher Keddie.

In 2022, Cannavale was seen portraying Dean Braddock in the 2022 Netflix series, The Watcher.

Personal life
From 1994 to 2003, Cannavale was married to actress/screenwriter Jenny Lumet – director Sidney Lumet's daughter and performer Lena Horne's granddaughter – with whom he has a son, actor Jake Cannavale. Cannavale and Jake were cast as father and son in season four of Nurse Jackie.

Cannavale has been in a relationship with Australian actress Rose Byrne since 2012. Their first son was born in 2016, and a second son in 2017.

title: Bobby Cannavale


text:
Crucian

Crucian can refer to:

 * A person who is from Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
 * A dialect of Virgin Islands Creole, spoken on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
 * Crucian carp, a freshwater fish
 * Crucian (Dungeons & Dragons), a creature in Dungeons & Dragons

title: Crucian


text:
Talk:Battle of Westport

Copy violation?
While I sympathetic to this section History of Preservation of Battle of Westport Sites and Byram's Ford it reads like it was lifted whole cloth. I did various searches and can't find it online so am leaving it for now. It should probably be rewritten to be more unique and wiki friendly. Americasroof 15:50, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. - Ecjmartin (talk) 00:44, 25 May 2009 (UTC)

Ringo?
I see this notes that Johnny Ringo was in the battle, and yet on his own page it has him heading out west in July of 1864, as a 14-year-old. Is there a contradiction? 128.206.249.150 (talk) 19:39, 25 April 2011 (UTC)bjones
 * Good point. I removed the information, since I can't directly check the source to verify it. It certainly does seem to contradict what was on his page, as he wouldn't have been in a wagon with his family at the same approximate time that he was allegedly serving with Price's forces--and probably not at fourteen years of age, if it was the latter. - Ecjmartin (talk) 20:28, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

Current landmarks?
shall we include current landmarks for places? I don't know exactly where the "open field" is, for instance, I would like to. I do understand that the "gulch" in question is currently known as "Rockwell Lane" which is of course west of the north side of Loose Park. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.190.202.56 (talk) 23:33, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

open prairie?
"a see-saw battle ensued in the open prairie" is strange. Vacant lots in the land in question -- between Mission Hills and Wornall House -- become woody quickly now, the climate wasn't that much different a century and a half ago. It might have been deforested, but it has never been "open prairie." "Swan Creek" may have had meadows, and the whole thing is sort of a little mesa, but I doubt we've ever had open prairie in the hills of kansas city. Or can a prairie be a forest? Prairie seems to indicate that it could have been prairie once but since it never burns anymore (since there's a city there, and fires get put out) the trees win now but didn't always.

open prairie?
"a see-saw battle ensued in the open prairie" is strange. Vacant lots in the land in question -- between Mission Hills and Wornall House -- become woody quickly now, the climate wasn't that much different a century and a half ago. It might have been deforested, but it has never been "open prairie." "Swan Creek" may have had meadows, and the whole thing is sort of a little mesa, but I doubt we've ever had open prairie in the hills of kansas city. Or can a prairie be a forest? Prairie seems to indicate that it could have been prairie once but since it never burns anymore (since there's a city there, and fires get put out) the trees win now but didn't always. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.197.10.202 (talk) 16:17, 30 November 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Iron Brigade
"Shelby counterattacked with the famed Iron Brigade under M. Jeff Thompson in the lead." I don't think the Iron Brigade ever traveled to the trans Mississippi theater & fought on behalf of the CSA. High Leader (talk) 05:47, 25 June 2021 (UTC)

 * I've corrected the piped link, . Shelby's Iron Brigade was a Confederate cavalry unit in the Trans-Mississippi. Hog Farm Talk 10:53, 25 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of Westport


text:
User:Zimbabweed

Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street building has been renamed, every date has been altered. And the process is continuing day by day and minute by minute. History has stopped. Nothing exists except an endless present in which the Party is always right.

–George Orwell, 1984

title: User:Zimbabweed


text: User talk:83.220.64.49

title: User talk:83.220.64.49


text:
User:The Cardigan Kid/Romance & Cigarettes

Romance & Cigarettes is a 2005 musical-comedy movie, set in Brooklyn, that will be released in the United States on 19 August 2005.

Cast

 * James Gandolfini as Nick Murder
 * Susan Sarandon as Kitty Kane
 * Mary-Louise Parker as Constance
 * Kate Winslet as Tula
 * Steve Buscemi as Angelo
 * Christopher Walken as Cousin Bo
 * Kumar Pallana as Da Da Kumar
 * Mandy Moore as Baby
 * Aida Turturro as Rosebud
 * Eddie Izzard as Gene Vincent
 * Bobby Cannavale as Fryburg
 * and Elaine Stritch as Grace Murder

The film is written and directed by John Turturro, who also has a minor role.

Producers include Joel Coen, Ethan Coen and Justin Berfield.


text:
Talk:Paul Thomas Anderson

Cleanup
Will work on it soon, tagged in the meantime. -fftbm

removed all references to "independent film influences," as Anderson's films, excluding the low-budget Hard Eight, exhibit virtually no independent film influence - rather, they hearken back to older films from the thirties and forties that used long takes, usually on dolly shots, as well as Scorsese films such as Casino and Age of Innocence that employ steadicam tracking shots of long duration —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.237.212.101 (talk) 10:40, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

NPOV
"... intricate camera moves so sublime that viewers can't even comprehend the genius of what they are taking in" and "he times lyrical songs ... with a perfection that is inhuman"

Is this a joke? Clear violation of NPOV policy. -67.34.137.50

Agreed. The latest entry contains far too much personal opinion (and overblown at that). -David L Rattigan

I'll also third the objections to the two recent paragraphs of analysis, which might be appropriate in a film review or scholarly paper, but not here. -Hedgey42 08:19, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This still reads like a puff piece. 194.144.92.20 22:41, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Cigarettes and Coffee shut down
The most well known PTA fan site apparently went dark last month. I'm removing the links for time being, although a member of the Xixax.com message board suggests it may be revived...(note: the site has been revived at: www.cigarettesandredvines.com by one of the original owners]

Recommendations
I deleted the recommendations section -- doesn't seem to be relevant. --Arcadian 5 July 2005 01:43 (UTC)

Rebels on the Backlot
The following content was removed on 22:26, 28 July 2005 by 68.67.33.33 -- Should it be reincluded? --Alan Au 22:38, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * His most obvious influences are the directors Martin Scorsese and Robert Altman.

 * Sharon Waxman's 2005 book Rebels on the Backlot was highly critical of Anderson's behavior as a director. She specifically states that while filming Magnolia, Anderson would not listen to advice or criticism from anyone because he had been given 'final cut' of the film.

About terminology
«He is part of the first generation of "VCR filmmakers" - directors such as Quentin Tarantino, who through seeing thousands of films on video, have an encyclopedic knowledge of technique and cultural references.»

Although this may be true, I think it is not clear whether that terminology is usual or not —specially after searching through Google, only to achieve three results for "VCR filmmakers", all of them mere copies of the main article.

The Other Paul Anderson?
Is it worth adding a link to the other famous Paul Anderson (now credited as Paul W. S. Anderson)? Their names strike me as very similar (not to mention they're in the same profession) and I've seen disambig links for less (like Dave Chappelle linking to David LaChapelle). --Do Not Talk About Feitclub (contributions) 15:16, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * seems reasonable to me, just reverted an anon ip trying to remove it. Arniep 00:37, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

I don't see a reason to have this at the top of the page. A note at the end is more tasteful. I was under the impression ANYONE was allowed to participate in the editing. It seems a small group keep reverting this back.

I really see absolutely no reason to have the link at the top of the page for Paul W.S. Anderson. It seems to me that it is entirely unlikely that someone would search "Paul Thomas Anderson" if they meant the "Paul W.S. Anderson." Furthermore, if someone types in "Paul Anderson," they are taken to a disambiguation page. That seems more than enough. Sixtus LXVI 04:11, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

I agree, I don't really see how anyone could really confuse the two to the point of coming here for W. S.. I say leave it off. --badlydrawnjeff 14:18, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

Recent edits
Is there some reason not to link to Maya Rudolph? Tom Harrison (talk) 02:19, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
 * None that I know of... looks like an anonymous user who perhaps isn't Rudolph's biggest fan. FWIW, Rudolph's page links to PTA's. - Hedgey42 07:24, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

I restored the original edit. It was fine, with OR without a link to Rudolph.

Again, the original edit was fine but I see we have a few bullies who will keep reverse editing it. There is no rule that every sentence has to be chocked full of hypermarkups. Hedgey and Crumb, stop adding snarky personal comments in your edits. It's very unprofessional to say the least.

Date of birth
It was changed in accordance with the U of Chicago's record on screenwriters. June 26 was a change made by IMDB in February 2006 which was changed from the January 1 date for no given reason. The correct date is January 1. Lincher 18:40, 24 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry for the change, here and here gives the correct dates. IMDB probably changed it afterwards. Lincher 18:43, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Photograph
It hardly needs to be said that the current picture of Mr. Anderson is distinctly unflattering, to such a degree that I question the motives of you who keep it up. Are we implying that the subject has a cocaine habit, or just being generally juvenille? Renfield 23:42, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I replaced it with a more flattering picture, although it is a little smaller. [[Image:Huskyoog.jpg]] Husky (talk page) 11:11, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

The photograph in there now is pretty bad, since you can't even see his face at all. How hard can it be to find a picture of the guy where he's looking at the camera? I know they exist, I've seen them. 64.95.27.5 21:20, 24 July 2007 (UTC)sean

I changed the picture from one that I found on Imdb.com Sugreev2001 (talk) 19:17, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

Can we get a new picture in their instead of leaving it blank Anarchonihilist (talk) 03:14, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

I see no reason why this picture can't be included until a better one is found. You have to use what you have - 75.69.143.210 (talk) 05:44, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

Magnolia and Kevin Smith
I found it strange that this feud makes up a major part of the article. Wouldn't it make more sense to put this info into a "trivia" section? Johannes Wich-Schwarz 20:32, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

I agree - I made that change. NickBurns 05:19, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Removed section
His three big-budget films (after Hard Eight) were headlined by Mark Wahlberg, Tom Cruise and Adam Sandler, respectively. I took this out as the trivia entry is about actors who work repeatedly with Thomas, not to mention that Wahlberg was cast (after DiCaprio turned him down) after Thomas saw him in The Basketball Diaries and Tom Cruise does not "headline" Magnolia. RoyBatty42 19:53, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Land of the Loops
The page for one of my favorite musicians (Land of the Loops) has been removed and now redirects to this page. Is there any reason for this?Rejecticon (talk) 09:31, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

I would also like to know why Land of the Loops redirects here. It don't make no sense. It makes so little sense that I think it must be accidental or some kind of intentional vandalism. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.151.73.171 (talk) 16:12, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

About the Frequent Cast table
I don't think it's an unnecessary table. It's a useful way to show the amount of collaboration from Anderson's frequent stars. The table was taken directly from the one on Kevin Smith's article. Thief12 (talk) 10:46, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

Cigarettes and Red Vines
The PTA site http://www.cigarettesandredvines.com/ appears to be down. Don't know if it's a temporary glitch or something more permanent. If so the links and references will have to be removed. yorkshiresky (talk) 16:23, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

The "VCR filmmakers"
I don't think using made-up terms is a good thing to do on Wikipedia, and it also doesn't really make much sense. Several directors of the New Hollywood movement (and even before, if we go outside American cinema) were basically film buffs who watched a lot of movies and then had the chance to make their own - it's nothing something new, although it became more popular in the 90s with the rise in popularity of independent cinema. I don't think using made-up terms really helps this article's reliability, and I also don't believe that just because PTA is a 90s director he has to be in some way associated with other Generation X directors. I don't think we need to make up a whole term just to stuff Tarantino, Smith, Linklater and other mostly unrelated directors in PTA's article - the fact that he didn't go to film school is crucial but I don't see how him reaching success when other directors did is any relevant. I noticed that many articles tend to mention Tarantino even when he has nothing to do with them, do I sense a bit of fanboyism? —Preceding unsigned comment added by ThisManHasNoName (talk • contribs) 17:34, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Recurring Collaborators chart
I was unaware that this table had already been made and deleted when I made it. I also like these types of tables, so it two against one emo-boy(ElliottSmith001). Yinzland (talk) 11:23, 11 March 2010 (Refactored from the About the Frequent Cast table section, above. That section was about a similar, but different Frequent Casting chart (i.e. ), not the Recurring Collaborators chart (i.e. ) which is currently in dispute. —  T RANSPORTER M AN  ( TALK ) 16:04, 15 March 2010 (UTC))

 * I am a Third Opinion Wikipedian who noted that you had placed a tag here. I have removed that tag, however, because no corresponding listing was made on the Third Opinion project page and a Third Opinion can only be obtained by listing it there. I would note, however, from the instructions on the Third Opinion project page that, "Before making a request here, be sure that the issue has been thoroughly discussed on the article talk page. 3O is only for assistance in resolving disagreements that have come to a standstill." Since there has been no discussion of the Recurring Collaborators chart here, yet, you should not list it at the Third Opinion project until you can get some discussion going here and unless that discussion does not resolve the issue. If you can't seem to get discussion going here, you might want to consider making a request for comments at Content noticeboard or some other more specific noticeboard or project such as Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Actors and Filmmakers. (Note to other 3O Wikipedians: In the event that this request is listed at the 3O page, I have not yet "taken" it or somehow "reserved" it, so please go ahead and opine on it if you care to do so.) Best regards,  T RANSPORTER M AN   ( TALK ) 16:04, 15 March 2010 (UTC)

Self-published source in external links
A rather angry IP editor has restored a Ray Carney essay as the top external link for the article. I won't edit war over it, but this inclusion seems silly to me for several reasons.

First, a quotation from Carney's essay could easily be integrated into the essay as with any other critic's views; there's no reason that he should stand alone. Per WP:EL, the external links section should be reserved for major external resources that can't be integrated into the article. Second, it doesn't appear to me a more valuable resource than the others listed here; I'm not sure I understand the insistence that Carney be listed at the top. Third, if Carney's views are so important, let's at least find a non-self-published version somewhere. If no publication was ever willing to publish Carney on this topic, it suggests to me that his views are not, in fact, the most important web resource existing on PTA. Just my two cents, though, and I'll be interested to hear what others think. -- Khazar2 (talk) 18:08, 18 May 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Paul Thomas Anderson. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://www.webcitation.org/662qUu2zg?url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/2008,2380,BA.html to http://www.bafta.org/awards/film/film-awards-nominees-in-2008,224,BA.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121108043403/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118012101?refCatId=13 to http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118012101?refCatId=13
 * Added archive https://www.webcitation.org/662qbWBMe?url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/life_and_entertainment/2008/02/02/2_BLOOD_DIRECT.ART_ART_02-02-08_D3_OB97O7I.html to http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/life/stories/2008/02/02/2_BLOOD_DIRECT.ART_ART_02-02-08_D3_OB97O7I.html?sid=101
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120111155022/http://theview.abc.go.com/blog/maya-rudolph-announces-shes-pregnant-view to http://theview.abc.go.com/blog/maya-rudolph-announces-shes-pregnant-view
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111220051201/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/pdf/films-of-2008.pdf to http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/pdf/films-of-2008.pdf

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Frequent collaborators
I decided to be bold and remove anyone who had appeared in fewer than 3 of PTA's films. Two films does not make one a "frequent collaborator". I don't think the chart is necessary at all, especially since there is a text block with references talking about the actors and other collaborators who have worked with Anderson numerous times. If we're going to have such a section at all, it should be text, as it is in the Terry Gilliam article, because those charts just take up space for no good reason. --- The Old Jacobite The '45 14:39, 30 December 2017 (UTC)
 * You may as well delete the whole section while you're at it- now that you've deleted most of them, half the columns are blank. D ARTH B OTTO talk • cont 09:35, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

Personal life.
Under personal life it states Anderson dated Fiona Apple from 1997 to 2002. Underneath that it states He has been in a long-term relationship with actress and comedienne Maya Rudolph since November 2001. So which is it? Did he date Fiona until 2002 while being in a serious relationship with Maya Rudolph since 2001? Also the check mark table thing under frequent collaborators is big and ugly and makes the page look wonky. Paige Matheson (talk) 18:46, 24 February 2021 (UTC)

Misleading Photograph
PTA's photo makes him look very bland, and fails to capture his intensity. Please change it, as his work is exceptional and it's important not to portray him as some run-of-the-mill wannabe (which the photo makes him look). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.6.32.218 (talk) 00:37, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

PTA is a friendly person so it's okay if the photo doesn't make him look intense. More relevantly, the photo is 15 years old, it should be updated. Dlh9690 (talk) 16:56, 9 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paul Thomas Anderson


text:
Pit school

A pit school was a covert school for African American children from the time when they were prevented from receiving an education due to repression and lack of freedom of assembly.

These schools were held at night. A pit would be dug and covered over.

A pit school is referred to in the book Nightjohn by Gary Paulsen.

title: Pit school


text:
Francisco Antonio Pinto

Francisco Antonio Pinto y Díaz de la Puente (July 23, 1785 – July 18, 1858) was a Chilean politician who served as President of Chile between 1827 and 1829.

Early life
He was born in Santiago, the son of Joaquín Pinto and Mercedes Díaz de la Puente. Pinto completed his early studies in the Convictorio Carolino, the best school in the country at the time, and then studied law at the Real Universidad de San Felipe, being admitted to practice on October 11, 1808.

In his youth he dedicated himself to commerce. According to the social norms of the time, he also became a militia officer in the "Regimiento del Rey" (King's regiment). In 1810, while in Lima, he heard of the formation of the Government Junta of the Kingdom, and immediately returned to the country, where he was charged with a diplomatic mission to Buenos Aires. After that successful first mission, he was sent to England, and then to other European countries, with the mission of gathering support for the independence movement. While in Europe he learnt of the news of the defeat of the Chilean army in the Battle of Rancagua and the recapture of Chile by the Spanish troops. He then returned to Argentina to cooperate in the formation of a new army.

Pinto married Luisa Garmendia Aldurralde and had two children, Aníbal Pinto, who would become President of Chile, and Enriqueta Pinto, future wife of President Manuel Bulnes. His grandnephew (and grandson of José Miguel Carrera), Ignacio Carrera Pinto, became a hero at the War of the Pacific.

Political career
In 1820 he finally returned to Chile. He was then sent by Bernardo O'Higgins to Peru, to help in the independence of that country. In 1824 he was named as Minister of Government and Foreign Affairs, and in 1825, Intendant of Coquimbo.

In 1827, due to the resignation of President Agustín Eyzaguirre, General Ramón Freire was elected president, while General Pinto was elected Vice President. When General Freire himself resigned on May 5, 1827, General Pinto took over the position as "Accidental President". As such he participated in the drafting of the Constitution of 1828.

A new presidential election was called in May 1829. General Pinto was the clear winner out of 9 candidates, with 118 electoral votes (29.06%), and was proclaimed elected on October 19. Nevertheless, the onset of the Chilean Civil War of 1829 was at hand.

The problem that caused the revolution happened in the vice presidential election. The winner should have been the first runner-up, Francisco Ruiz-Tagle (98 electoral votes or 24.13%), or the second runner-up, General José Joaquín Prieto, (61 votes or 15.02%), both conservatives. Nonetheless, Congress was controlled by the liberals and presided by Francisco Ramón Vicuña, also liberal. Arguing that no vice-presidential candidate had a majority, they selected Joaquín Vicuña, brother of the president of the senate, even though he only got 48 electoral votes (11.82%). That was all the excuse needed by the conservatives to rebel.

Pinto resigned the Presidency on November 2 (less than two weeks after his proclamation), an event that marked his retirement from public life. All his powers were assumed by the President of Congress, Francisco Ramón Vicuña, who was already acting as "Accidental President" since July 16, 1829, when Pinto had delegated his powers on him for the duration of the electoral campaign.

Cabinet
Pinto only returned to public life in 1841, as a congressman. The Liberal party proclaimed him as a candidate to the Presidency in the Chilean presidential elections of 1841, in opposition to his son in law, General Manuel Bulnes, who finally resulted elected. He did not participate in the campaign in any active form. Nonetheless he was elected a deputy for La Serena, and president of the chamber, on May 30, 1843. He was elected a senator in 1846, and became a member of the permanent war and navy commission. He was also named Privy Council by President Bulnes.

In 1846, botanist Claude Gay published Pintoa, a genus of flowering plants from Chile, belonging to the family Zygophyllaceae and named in honour of Francisco Antonio Pinto.

On July 5, 1847 he was elected president of the Senate. He was reelected as a senator on 1855. Pinto died in Santiago at the age of 72, on July 18, 1858, before the end of his mandate as senator.

title: Francisco Antonio Pinto


text: User talk:212.138.47.18

title: User talk:212.138.47.18


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rebecca Rawson

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. — Xezbeth 07:30, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Rebecca Rawson
Nom (& vote Del on) this tragic figure whose only apparent notablility is being exploited as a model for a forgotten novel's heroine. --Jerzy·t 05:42, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Very early American settlers and 17th-century Bostonians are inherently notable.  Emiao 06:01, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I am not sure what logic was used to reach this conclusion, but since so many users have since hopped on the bandwagon I guess there must be something there. Indrian 03:41, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Appears to be notable. JamesBurns 06:51, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, verifiable. Kappa 07:17, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per all of the above. - DS1953 14:45, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Emiao. carmeld1 04:33, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with Jerzy.  Early American settlers are not inherently notable, even if they inspired a forgotten potboiler. The idea of creating an individual article for thousands anonymous 16th century dirt scratchers is just absurd. This belongs in an article for the novel at best. Gamaliel 03:47, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Reich-The-Jew

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:51, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Reich-The-Jew
Do anonymous player nicknames on Starcraft (though it is a good game) really deserve a page? Nominator abstains from voting. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 05:43, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no evidence of notability. --W(t) 05:45, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)
 * IMO we shouldn't allow articles on players at all, like, ever--which, of course, means I'll never be honored with a greyscale49 article, but that's a burden I'm willing to bear. Nuke it--err, excuse me, Delete.  Marblespire 06:41, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, but I disagree with Marblespire: Certain players eventually gain enough notoriety to become known solely for their gameplaying abilities and gaming-related publicity (Dennis "Thresh" Fong comes to mind). Regardless, Reich-the-Jew fails this criterion as well. jglc | t | c 15:10, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 06:49, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN. carmeld1 04:23, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Filipino name

Filipinos have various naming customs. They most commonly blend the older Spanish system and Anglo-American conventions, where there is a distinction between the "Christian name" and the "surname". The construct containing several middle names is common to all systems, but the multiple "first" names and only one middle and last name are a result of the blending of American and Spanish naming customs.

Today, Filipinos usually abide by the Spanish system of using both paternal and maternal surnames, with the latter (maternal) used as the "middle name". The particle y is used only for legal purposes and is otherwise dropped. The middle name in its natural sense would have been the second name if the person had one, but it is never counted as an individual's given name.

Historical context and examples
In ancient times, the Tagalogs had a naming system that changed via family dynamics. A Tagalog man (especially a chief) would lose his name, take his first-born's name, and become known as "child's father"; rather than his offspring adopting his surname like today. If he was baptized into Christianity, he would take a Spanish "Christian name" but retain his native name as surname. For example, Calao's father became Don Luis Amanicalao (Lord Luis, a chief of Tondo, Calao's Father). This also applied to mothers (e.g., Inanicao) etc. One also gained numerous "poetic" titles (i.e., "pamagat"; lit. "to have something to go before", today literally translated as "title", from where the prenom "Gat" is derived) from his renown/actions (e.g. valiance in battle) or other naming means (like a naming feast for those without offspring).

Historical examples: Manila/Tagalog chiefs listed in the Tondo Conspiracy (1587–88) Phelipe Amarlangagui/Amarlangagui ('Felipe, Ama ni Langawi'), Luis Amanicalao (Luis, Ama ni Calao), and Omaghicon/Amaghikon (Ama ni Hikon).

Another example is found in the only surviving baybayin writings; i.e., the Sto. Thomas Land Titles (1613-1625). In Document B (1625), Line 12, a certain Amadaga was named. The contract stated that the owner of the land adjacent to the one sold in the contract was Maria Gada who had acquired it from Amadaga. Although no other context was given in the document, it is quite possible that Maria Gada is the daughter of "Ama ni Gada" (misspelled) and inherited the land from him as a legacy.

Given names
Filipinos may have one or more official given names (as registered in their birth certificates and baptismal certificates) and various types of temporary or permanent nicknames. Filipinos commonly give themselves or each other nicknames and monikers. Some nicknames are carried for life, and others are used only with certain groups. A person can have multiple nicknames at different ages or among different groups of people.

Abbreviations, combinations, and elisions
Long given names can be shortened in various ways. Emmanuel can become Eman, Manuel, Manolo, Manny, or Manoy, and Consolación can be shortened to Connie, Cons, Sol, or Chona.

Filipino women with two given names such as María Cristina or María Victoria may choose to abbreviate the very common María (in honor of the Virgin Mary) as Ma. (with a period), thus rendering these given names as Ma. Cristina or Ma. Victoria. Filipino males with two given names such as José Mariano or José Gerardo could follow the same practice of abbreviating José as Jo., though this is not as consistent. Another common practice seen in other cultures (most commonly with Spanish conventions) is to elide or combine multiple given names into one nickname. The aforementioned María Cristina and María Victoria may thus acquire the nicknames Maricris and Marivic. Thus the Filipino names Maricel, Maritoni, Marijo, Maritess, and Maricon come from Maria Celia (or Celeste), María Antonieta (or Antonia), María Josefa (or Josefina), María Teresa, and María Concepción (or either Consuelo or Consolación), respectively.

A related custom is that parents combine their given names to create a name for their child. For example:
 * Joseph + Maria = Jomari
 * Alberto + Erica = Alberic
 * Maria + Carlos = Malolos
 * Elvin + Liza = Elliza
 * Marino + Erlinda = Marinerl

Some first names like Lodegrano or Lorimer may have been invented on the spot by the parents or be derived from some partially-remembered foreign term. Other coined first names have unusual spellings or spellings that are pronounced differently.

Honorifics and titles
Honorifics and titles are sometimes used in place of a person's actual name. As such, titles for family elders are often used by the younger persons and then adopted by the wider community: Apo (grandson/granddaughter). Lolo (grandfather) and Lola (grandmother) are used for senior elders; Tatay/Itay/Ama (father) or Tito/Tiyo/Tsong (uncle) and Nanay/Inay/Ina (mother) or Tita/Tiya/Tsang (aunt) for middle-aged elders; Manong or Kuya (elder brother) and Manang or Ate (elder sister) for anyone slightly older than the person speaking.

People in the Filipino community are often addressed by their military or police rank, professional titles or job descriptions, either with or without their names (e.g., Architect, Attorney, Engineer, Teacher etc.), instead of Mister, Miss, Ms., or Mrs., especially when the addressee's name is not yet known by the speaker. That applies to all people that are living and working in the Philippines. Sir and Madam/Ma'am are usually not used before a nickname.

Numerals and birth order patterns
People with the same name as their father are registered as Junior (abbreviated to Jr.) or numbered with Roman numerals (III, IV, V, etc.); their father adds Senior (Sr.) after his surname or suffix. Inevitably, the younger person tends to be nicknamed Junior, Jun or Junjun permanently. That can also be applied to numerals; i.e., the nickname can be Third or Fourth. Therefore, a family necessarily bestows a variety of unofficial nicknames to distinguish the various people with nearly identical official given names.

Many nicknames are bestowed by parents or other elders on children while they are still toddlers (e.g., Boy, Toto/Totoy (young boy), Girlie, Baby, etc.) and these nicknames are often carried by the person throughout their lives. These names may follow a certain pattern in certain cases, such as beginning with a certain letter of the alphabet (e.g., Diego Arnel, Diamond Amelia), such that all their initials will be the same (e.g. DAZL if the middle name is Zulueta and the surname is Lim). An example is former Senator Joker Arroyo's brother, Jack. Children can also be named after certain themes, such as countries, car trademarks, and popular brand names. For instance, World Champion boxer and incumbent Senator Manny Pacquiao named his two daughters Queen Elizabeth and Princess.

Reversals, indigenized names, and anglicization
The Filipino given name Dranreb was invented by reversing the spelling of the English name Bernard, and someone calling himself Nosrac bears the legal name Carson. Joseph Ejército Estrada, the 13th president of the Philippines, began as a movie actor and received his nickname Erap as an adult; it comes from Pare spelled backwards (from Spanish compadre, which means "fellow godparent").

An old custom is to replace or insert Filipino phonemes into a Spanish or English name: Edwin becomes Aweng, Eduardo becomes Dwarding, Roberto becomes Berting, Ponciano becomes either Popoy, Onse, or Syano, and Ricardo becomes Karding. Sometimes there is a tendency to convert a grandiose given name into something more mundane, such as when John Paul becomes JayPee, Peter John becomes Peejong, Anthony becomes Tonyo and María Elena becomes Ineng or Inyang. Complementary to this is the practise of anglicizing (with the implication of "modernising") a Spanish given name. Thus, José Roberto becomes Joseph Robert (further shortened to Joebert) and Eduardo becomes Edward and then Eddy or Eddie Boy (sometimes further shortened to Daboy).

Monikers and progressional names
The variety of Filipino names, some of which have with negative connotations in the English language, often take English speakers by surprise. However, most Filipinos usually do not notice these negative connotations unless they are pointed out.

Many Filipino celebrities and high-status personalities, such as actors and politicians, are often more well known by their nicknames than their actual given names. One example is film and television celebrity German Moreno, who is more known by the nickname Kuya Germs (kuya = elder brother).

Indigenous languages
Though most Filipinos adopted Spanish surnames, some preserved surnames that derive from words in indigenous languages, like Tagalog, Visayan (Cebuano and Hiligaynon), Ilocano, Kapampangan, and Pangasinan. Many indigenous surnames derive from words displaying qualities of people, especially those related to strength (e.g., Tagalog Panganiban), defiance (e.g. Tagalog Dimayuga), or settlement (e.g.Hiligaynon Magbanua).

Most indigenous surnames are spelled closely following the Spanish-derived orthographic conventions of the time. Many of these words are spelled differently today in the various Philippine languages (following spelling reforms since the late 19th century).

Cordilleran
Unlike their lowlander counterparts, Igorots living in the Cordillera Central in northern Luzon were not conquered by the Spaniards and preserved their naming customs from foreign influence. Each group had their own naming customs, but generally, like Indonesian names, there is only one given name and no surname to speak of. The given name's meaning is usually connected to natural phenomena or objects, such as danum for water. Only the Igorots who had interacted with Spaniards and lowlanders for trade were given a name that follows the binomial "first name"-"surname" system, such as Mateo Cariño and Mateo Carantes.

At the beginning of the 20th century and the advent of the American occupation of the Philippines, the Igorots' naming customs slowly conformed with the national legal naming system used today, aided by the evangelization efforts of American Protestant missionaries. Most older people, however, still keep the singular given name given to them by their parents while also using the "Christian names" to conform to Philippine law. The singular given names of some individuals living in the early 20th century have since been adopted as a surname by their descendants.

Spanish
Almost all Filipinos had Spanish or Spanish-sounding surnames imposed on them for taxation purposes, but a number of them have indigenous Filipino surnames. On November 21, 1849, Governor General Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa issued a decree stating that Filipinos should adopt Spanish surnames to make census counting easier. Some Filipinos retained their native pre-colonial names, especially those who were exempted from the Clavería decree such as the descendants of rulers of the Maginoo or noble class. These surnames of the native nobility include Lacandola, Macapagal, Macabulos, and Tupas whom each descended from different Datus. They were allowed to keep the name to claim tax exemptions.

The Spanish surname category provides the most common surnames in the Philippines. At the course of time, some Spanish surnames were altered (with some eventually diverged/displaced their original spelling), as resulted from illiteracy among the poor and farming class bearing such surnames, creating confusion in the civil registry and a sense of detachment from their better-off relatives. Except for the "ñ", Filipino surnames from Spanish are written without accents due to US-imported typewriters used in civil registry that lack special characters.

Chinese
Chinese Filipinos whose ancestors came to the Philippines from 1898 onward usually have single syllable Chinese surnames. On the other hand, most Chinese ancestors came to the Philippines prior to 1898 usually have multisyllablic Chinese surnames such as Gokongwei, Ongpin, Pempengco, Yuchengco, Teehankee, and Yaptinchay among such others. They were originally full Chinese names that were transliterated into Spanish orthography and adopted as surnames.

Common single-syllable Chinese Filipino surnames are Tan (陳), Lim (林), Chua (蔡), Uy (黃) and Ong (王). Most such surnames are spelled according to their Hokkien pronunciation.

There are also multiple syllable Chinese surnames that are Spanish transliterations of Hokkien words. Surnames like Tuazon (大孫, eldest grandson), Dizon (二孫, second grandson), Samson/Sanson (三孫, grandson), Sison (四孫, fourth grandson), Gozun/Gozum/Gozon/Goson (五孫, fifth grandson), Lacson (六孫, sixth grandson), Tecson/Tiocson/Teoxon (德孫/蒂奥森/东阳顺, seventh grandson) and Sioson (西奥森, eight grandson) are examples of transliterations of designations that use the Hokkien suffix -son (孫) used as surnames for some Chinese Filipinos who trace their ancestry from Chinese immigrants to the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era. The surname Son/Sun (孫) is listed in the Classical Chinese text Hundred Family Surnames, perhaps shedding light on the Hokkien suffix -son used here as a surname alongside some sort of accompanying enumeration scheme.

Moros
Moros (Muslim Filipinos) usually bear surnames of Arabic origin, usually Muslim given names that were used as patronymics. Other sources of Moro surnames are clan names, especially among the Maranao and Maguindanao peoples.

title: Filipino name


text:
User talk:Emperorbma/Archive1

Archives:
 * Archive 0

lots of edits, not an admin
Hi - I made a list of users who've been around long enough to have made lots of edits but aren't admins. If you're at all interested in becoming an admin, can you please add an '*' immediately before your name in this list? I've suggested folks nominating someone might want to puruse this list. Thanks. -- Rick Block (talk) 18:31, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

I Need your help on 'Move Tsushima Islands' Issue

 * Since you seem to know at least one eastern language, your services in evaluating some of the disputed content from eastern web pages would be particularly valuable in the following matter. If you can help, I can target you on the paragraph to look at to see if it supports one side or the other. Hey -- you may not yet be an admin, but you could be an expert witness! (Hope finals are going/have gone well! Been there, done that! Frank

Hi! You appear to be an QUALIFIED interested disinterested bystander... I'm just making the rounds to everyone that has made their mark on Tsushima Islands which lead me to Fg2, (thence to then YOU! Congrats! Booby Prize, but I badly need some responsible People to help me mediate therein that are familiar with things Japanese... errr English!  Sorry, but I infer that's still YOU!) in the last month trying to mediate this flaming revert war — I can use your help — Bring lots O water! (Better yet Beer) Frank
 * This is the message I've been dropping on anyone on the Talk or Article pages since 13 May, I'd appreciate it if you can familarize yourself on the small article and stand-by to jump in on Tuesday with some cogent watersprays from a logical firehose! Thanks for the trouble -- the issue is trivial, (Is proper name plural or singular, Forsooth!) save there seem to be at least two teens in a war going well over three hundred edits in this one month sampling interval, over 70 edits in the past three days.

 * I would appreciate a rational explaination (after you read my Comments in the subject dispute Talk:Tsushima Islands), of the arguement or arguments you consider vital and germane to the discusion and vote. Frankly, MOST all of you are being silly over nothing of particular importance, since both names can be redirected into the one used. I have left a comment concerning my contribution to the article, which contribution — seems to have triggered the current edit and revision wars. For that I apologize, but see the Comments on the vote. I am also taking the liberty of putting the vote section AFTER the Comments about same.
 * Still, I have just spent over four hours of valuable spare time, and would welcome your thoughts after you read and understand the distinction I put forth between a governments termonology as a governing body and a geographical reference like an archepelego, which it certainly is.
 * More to the point, I'd like to see your defense regarding your favorite POV of what I had to say viz a viz the mergest attitude of the senior editors and administrators that frequent the VfD discussions. To my recollection, I don't recollect any of you hotheads in this dispute ever spending anytime thereon, possibly excepting Mel Etitis, but rarely even then.
 * In any event, I'm neutral here, and have asked that the article be kept EDIT FREE for the next three days by placing  The Inuse template into it — I'd copyedited over two and half hours before I suspended that effort the other night because this shameful fued was going on — proper English grammer does depend, unfortunately, on whether one uses the plural or the singular. I saved that on my hard drive, but I don't need to wade through yet another 70 edits to finish the job. As it is, this matter will probably double the time it takes for such a simple job.
 * If you are local to Japan, some history of the canals or Sea-channel is certainly germane to the ongoing discussion, moreover, any cogent arguement you condsider being particularly telling needs to be clearly repeated in the current on going comments if you want them counted on in the vote.
 * I will make sure this message goes to each contributor to the article the past month, so you are not being singled out. Now is the time to take a deep breath, for rational concise summaries, not all the arguing that is so wearisome in 66 printed pages - half a novelette, I'd guess! It's certainly a lot to ask your fellow editors to wade through on a minor issue.
 * I will also personally be making sure that at least a dozen other Administrators I'm acquainted with take a look at the debate after the time below. I will in fact ask for twenty commitments, so be clear and respectful of our time!!!
 * Thankyou for your time, attention, and good professional behaviour. I'll check the Talk state again no sooner than Monday around Noon (UTC), And ask the uninvolved others to do the same. PLEASE BE CONCISE.  [[User:fabartus | FrankB || TalktoMe]] 03:41, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * [[User:fabartus | FrankB || TalktoMe]] 03:41, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Well that's my heads up, and appeal -- Hope you can help. I really don't have a dog in this fight! If you can alert a few others qualified on matters Japanese, or distinguishing English plurals from singulars, (sort of, sad to say) by all means, please do so!

Aircraft specifications survey
Since you are a contributor to aircraft articles, you may be interested in a survey currently underway to help develop a revised version of our standard specifications section. Bobblewik 19:40, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Imperia
On 14 June 2005 you deleted two paragraphs on the article about "Imperia". Why? They were correct IMHO.

Furthermore, the article should be disambiguated, since "Imperia" is also the Italian city "Imperia" in the Italian province "Imperia", a German software producer  of a content management system of the same name, an ancient German motorbike brand ( in German), and also an Italian maker of pasta machines. Feel free to contact me for further questions.

Mass (liturgy)
Hello,

Re: Your recent edits to "Mass (liturgy)".

I noticed that you added a couple of links to this article relating to Lutheran practices. I was wondering whether it's entirely appropriate to that article: its concern is the form of the normative Roman Rite; as such, the liturgies of other denominations don't really pertain to it. Furthermore, for balance, it would be necessary to include links to the liturgies in Anglicanism and Orthodoxy and so forth, which would again constitute a departure from the article's purpose. I'd propose that the best solution is to leave such links from this article, perhaps adding them to the appropriate places on the Eucharist page, to which this article already refers users who are seeking information on liturgies other than the Latin Rite.

I'd appreciate your opinions on the matter.

Pax tecum,

--Oogaland 13:41, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your reply. I see your point: the structures of the two liturgies seem very similar. However, I still feel that the article's original author intended to present a description of the normative Latin Rite. Consider the opening paragraphs:

The user is pointed towards the Eucharist page if non-Catholic liturgy info is desired, although I understand your qualms about putting your links there; they don't quite fit. Indeed, not only does the article restrict itself to Catholicism, it is limited to one particular rite. The old Latin Rite, the myriad Eastern Rites and other assorted rites (Dominican and so forth) are not treated here; links are provided to appropriate articles. Perhaps the Lutheran Mass should have its own page? This should probably coincide with a renaming of this article, since "Mass (Liturgy)" is a bit too general for what it actually covers.

A side note: there's a new English translation of the Missale Romanum in the works, so concordance between the two liturgies might be less accentuated in the future than it is currently (for example, the dialogue before the Preface that you mentioned is likely to change).

Pax,

--Oogaland 18:51, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

The disambiguation sounds like a good idea. Probably not something that I should touch, though, largely due to the fact that I'm not familiar with the mechanism. If it's something that you feel like pursuing, though, might I suggest that the articles on the Divine Liturgy be referenced somehow? The term 'Mass' isn't used in the Eastern Churches (Orthodox or Catholic), but it would probably be useful to include such links. In fact, a considerable amount of disam. would be required (something I'd be happy to have a go at at a later time, if a minimal, functional disam. page was already in place), due to the number of Eastern rites and the current clumsiness of the naming of the articles on the Latin rites.

Thanks,

--Oogaland 20:41, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Vitamins?
Last year, you contributed to the Vitamin D article, saying (among other things) that the formal name for Vitamin D5 is "irridated 7-dehydrositosterol".

Where did you get this information? More importantly, what do you mean by "irridated"? If it's simply a misspelling of "irradiated", well... that doesn't make any sense in this context. Was your source talking about isotopic labelling, maybe? But in that case, wouldn't it have given locants? And if you knew enough about chemical nomenclature to understand what isotopic labelling in a formal name means, and why you could eliminate nuclear locants and just call it "radioactive (whatever)", then you'd also know why doing that in this context would be worse than pointless. Usually if I saw something like this in an article, I'd just blame it on a vandal and snip it out, but you're clearly not a vandal.

I dunno, man. Look, I'm going to be bold and snip it out of the article, but if you could maybe explain what the hell it's supposed to mean, it can go back in.

Okay? DS 14:24, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah, okay. Typo for "irradiated", except meaning by UV instead of by free neutrons. A better name would be "UV-activated 7-dehydrositosterol". The problem is that your original typo now exists on 200+ wikimirrors; I hope the correction spreads as well. DS 11:42, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Emperorbma/Archive1