text:
User talk:Hoice

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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Thanks for uploading Image:ECI1976.jpg and Image:Bio1.jpg. I notice they currently don't have image copyright tags. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, JYolkowski // talk 01:57, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:10-05-05 MG 4830.jpg
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Image tagging for Image:Armour car.jpg
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 01:05, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Brinks_com.gif
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 08:09, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Spilotr2.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:Spilotr2.jpg
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Image copyright problem with Image:Ryemedctr93b.jpg
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Image copyright problem with Image:Normanschool.jpg
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Etobicoke Collegiate Institute
A template has been added to the article Etobicoke Collegiate Institute, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with db-author. J 14:27, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Ry younge.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you. GreenJoe (talk) 15:50, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Young street ryerson.jpg
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Image copyright problem with Image:Trsomm.gif
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:Spilotr2.jpg)
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Image copyright problem with Image:Trsomm1.gif
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If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thanks again for your cooperation. Sdrtirs (talk) 21:56, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Zeppachino
A tag has been placed on Zeppachino requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about an organization or company, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for organizations and companies. You may also wish to consider using a Wizard to help you create articles - see the Article Wizard.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag - if no such tag exists then the page is no longer a speedy delete candidate and adding a hangon tag is unnecessary), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. Eeekster (talk) 02:06, 8 October 2010 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:Intro vray0270.jpg
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Intro vray0270.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. --Eeekster (talk) 02:07, 8 October 2010 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:Logo glass.jpg
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Speedy deletion nomination of Distilus

A tag has been placed on Distilus requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that the page was nominated in error, contest the nomination by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion" in the speedy deletion tag. Doing so will take you to the talk page where you can explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but do not hesitate to add information that is consistent with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. Harry the Dog WOOF  14:10, 4 March 2012 (UTC)

Nomination of Distilus for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Distilus is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Distilus until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Harry the Dog WOOF  06:15, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

Meatpuppetry
Be very careful about meatpuppetry. I noticed that a comment on the AfD page for Distilus was originally sumbitted by an IP, yet it has now been changed and is by you. And both you and the same IP have comments on the article's talk page regarding the Speedy. I am assuming good faith here, but please be extremely careful. Meat/sockpuppetry is taken exteremely seriously here, and it does you no favours in a deletion debate to appear to be engaging in it. Harry the Dog WOOF  12:13, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Dear madam, I am not even sure what or how I did. I have no intention of being clandestine or deceitful. I simply posted without longing in then when i realized that i resigned my response with the tildes. I am not sure what this so called "meatpuppet" is but it definitely not been performed knowingly by myself. Hoice (talk) 12:23, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

 * To start with, I am a sir! :-) You posted twice on the talk page of the article during the speedy discussion, once using an IP address and once logged in. You gave no indication that it was the same person, although clearly both were you. It looks like an attempt to give added weight to your side of the argument by making it appear that two people hold the same view, when in fact both contributions are by the same person. That is sockpuppetry WP:SOCK and it is seriously frowned upion. Harry the Dog  WOOF  12:30, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

 * My apologizes sir. I understand, I was not even aware of this but i assure you I would never try to perform something like that in such a blatantly fashion. I am here, I exist, and passionately want people to know it is myself who is arguing to keep this article. I apologize for any misunderstanding.

Problems with upload of File:Madeleine Meilleur 1.jpeg
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Problems with upload of File:Ontario arms 1.jpeg
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title: User talk:Hoice


text: User talk:83.157.170.54

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:83.157.170.54


text:
Rowland S. Howard

Rowland Stuart Howard (24 October 1959 – 30 December 2009) was an Australian rock musician, guitarist and songwriter, best known for his work with the post-punk group The Birthday Party and his subsequent solo career.

Early life
Rowland Stuart Howard was born on 24 October 1959 in Melbourne, to John Stanton Howard and Lorraine (née Stuart), the second of three children. His siblings were sister Angela Howard and brother Harry Howard, both also musicians. In a 2016 interview, his brother Harry Howard stated the family is of paternal English descent from Bolton, Lancashire and maternal Scottish descent.

1978–1990
Rowland Stuart Howard wrote "Shivers" at the age of 16 while in the band Young Charlatans. Howard gained acclaim after joining Melbourne-based band The Boys Next Door, when the song was released as a single. The band changed their name to The Birthday Party and Howard's discordant guitar remained a major factor in their sound. The Birthday Party relocated from Australia to London in 1980 and subsequently to West Berlin.

The Birthday Party's early records were released by Missing Link Records in Australia and 4AD Records in the UK. They later became associated with Mute Records in Europe. Howard was also a member of the short-lived project, Tuff Monks with Birthday Party bandmates, Nick Cave and Mick Harvey. However, Howard and singer Nick Cave suffered 'creative differences', and Howard left the Birthday Party as they transformed into The Bad Seeds. He soon became a member of Crime & the City Solution, a band led by Simon Bonney. Howard, with Crime & the City Solution, appeared in the 1987 movie Wings of Desire by German filmmaker Wim Wenders playing the song "Six Bells Chime" in a Berlin Club. Later he formed These Immortal Souls with girlfriend Genevieve McGuckin, brother, Harry Howard, and Epic Soundtracks.

Howard also collaborated with Lydia Lunch, Nikki Sudden, ex-Barracudas singer Jeremy Gluck, guitarist Gavin Poolman, French electro group KaS Product, Barry Adamson, Einstürzende Neubauten, guitarist Chris Haskett, The Gun Club singer and songwriter Jeffrey Lee Pierce, Fad Gadget, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Henry Rollins, and A.C. Marias.

Lydia Lunch and Thurston Moore recorded a version of Howard's song "Still Burning" for Lunch's In Limbo (1984). "Still Burning" had previously been recorded as a bass-heavy track with Howard on vocals, during the Honeymoon In Red recording sessions (1983–1987).

These Immortal Souls released their first album Get Lost, (Don't Lie!) in 1987 and played shows in Europe and America, returning to Australia for a short tour in 1988.

1990–1999
After the release of These Immortal Souls' second album, I'm Never Gonna Die Again, (1992) and another Howard/Lunch collaboration Shotgun Wedding, Howard, Lunch and members of The Beasts Of Bourbon performed live on tour in Australia and Europe with guitarist Link Benka. Shotgun Wedding was re-released with a second compact disc of live recordings. Shotgun Wedding featured cover versions of "In My Time of Dying" and Alice Cooper's "Black Juju". Recorded in Memphis with Link Benka (rhythm guitar), Joseph -Joe- Drake (bass) and Brent Newman (aka Glyn Styler) (drums).

Howard sang backing vocals on the Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds album Let Love In (1994). In 1995 These Immortal Souls contributed their version of "You Can't Unring a Bell" to a Tom Waits tribute album Step Right Up.

He left London to return to Melbourne in 1995.

Paul Godfrey a.k.a. Epic Soundtracks, the UK drummer for These Immortal Souls, was found dead in his London apartment on 5 November 1997. These Immortal Souls played their last show, at the Greyhound Hotel in St Kilda, with Lydia Lunch in 1998.

Howard lamented in a 1999 television interview (Studio 22, ABCTV) with Clinton Walker that people still asked him about "Shivers", a song he wrote when he was sixteen years old which first became well known when it was sung by Nick Cave.

Howard released a solo album called Teenage Snuff Film in Australia in 1999. He was backed by Mick Harvey on drums, and Brian Hooper on bass.

2000–2009
An unofficial Rowland S. Howard fan website was established as the amount of Rowland S. Howard related information and file swapping grew steadily on the internet from the mid-1990s.

Howard made a cameo appearance in the 2002 vampire movie Queen of the Damned as a musician in a vampire club band.

In August 2005, Howard performed at the premiere party for Scott Crary's film Kill Your Idols in Melbourne, Australia, along with the band HTRK.

French label Stagger Records released a double CD tribute album to Howard in 2007 featuring Mick Harvey, The Drones, The Holy Soul, Penny Ikinger, Loene Carmen, Nikki Sudden, Noah Taylor and many more.

In September 2007, Howard joined with Magic Dirt and Beasts of Bourbon for a tour of the east coast of Australia. Howard appeared at the All Tomorrows Parties rock festival in Australia in January 2009, curated by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. He was backed by Mick Harvey on drums, and JP Shilo on bass. Howard's second solo album, Pop Crimes, was released in October 2009 to acclaim from the musician Robert Forster. He appeared on the Magic Dirt EP White Boy playing guitar and supplying vocals on the track "Summer High".

Illness and death
Howard suffered from chronic Hepatitis C virus and had been told in 2003, when he was 44, that his liver was stricken with end-stage cirrhosis. Doctors compared it to the liver of a 74-year-old alcoholic. In an October 2009 interview, Howard said that the forthcoming album he was working on (Pop Crimes) was recorded quickly: "I contracted liver disease a while back and I've basically got liver cancer, I'm waiting for a transplant, if I don't get it things might not go so well...so..." . He died of hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to liver cirrhosis on 30 December 2009. Howard was 50 years old. His funeral was held at Sacred Heart Church, St Kilda, Melbourne on 7 January 2010.

His Birthday Party bandmates reflected upon his death: Nick Cave told WENN, "This is very sad news. Rowland was Australia's most unique, gifted and uncompromising guitarist. He was also a good friend. He will be missed by many". Mick Harvey remarked, "Sometimes people are ready to go because they have been sick for a long time, but Rowland really wanted to live. Things were going well for him outside his health and he wanted to take advantage of that, and he was very disappointed that he wasn't well enough to do so".

Legacy
In October 2011, filmmaker Richard Lowenstein (Dogs in Space) and Lynn-Maree Milburn (We're Living on Dogfood – documentary maker), released a 110-minute documentary film on the life of Rowland S. Howard titled Autoluminescent: Rowland S. Howard which had a limited release for cinema. On 24 April 2013, Port Phillip Council approved a proposal to name a St Kilda laneway Rowland S. Howard Lane to honour Howard's contribution to the St Kilda music scene. Pop Crimes: The Songs of Rowland S. Howard, an occasional band composed of Rowland's friends and bandmates began performing in 2013; they toured Europe in February 2020. In June 2020, Yves Saint Laurent used his song 'Shut Me Down' for an advertisement campaign.

AIR Awards
The Australian Independent Record Awards (commonly known informally as AIR Awards) is an annual awards night to recognise, promote and celebrate the success of Australia's Independent Music sector.

! Ref.
 * 2010
 * Pop Crimes
 * Best Independent Album
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

title: Rowland S. Howard


text:
Bevel

A bevelled edge (UK) or beveled edge (US) is an edge of a structure that is not perpendicular to the faces of the piece. The words bevel and chamfer overlap in usage; in general usage they are often interchanged, while in technical usage they may sometimes be differentiated as shown in the image at right. A bevel is typically used to soften the edge of a piece for the sake of safety, wear resistance, or aesthetics; or to facilitate mating with another piece.

Cutting tools
Most cutting tools have a bevelled edge which is apparent when one examines the grind.

Bevel angles can be duplicated using a sliding T bevel.

Graphic design
Typographic bevels are shading and artificial shadows that emulate the appearance of a 3-dimensional letter. The bevel is a relatively common effect in graphic editors such as Photoshop. As such, it is in widespread use in mainstream logos and other design elements.

Glass and mirrors
Bevelled edges are a common aesthetic nicety added to window panes and mirrors.

Geology
Geologists refer to any slope of land into a stratum of different elevation as a bevel.

Sports
In waterskiing, a bevel is the transition area between the side of the ski and the bottom of the ski. Beginners tend to prefer sharp bevels, which allow the ski to glide on the water surface.

In Disc Golf, the 'beveled edge' was patented in 1983 by Dave Dunipace who founded Innova Champion Discs. This element transformed the Frisbee into the farther-flying golf discs the sport uses today.

Cards
With a deck of cards, the top portion can be slid back so that the back of the deck is at an angle, a technique used in card tricks.

Semiconductor wafers
In the semiconductor industry, wafers have two typical edge types: a slanted beveled shape or a rounded bullet shape. The edges on the beveled types are called the bevel region, and they are typically ground at a 22-degree angle. While it is not possible to create a complete and functional die with the bevel material of a wafer, the area is still routinely processed throughout the manufacturing cycle to remove unwanted masks, residues, and films from the edge of a wafer that could potentially become a source of defects between manufacturing steps.

Welding
Beveling and chamfering (along with other profiles) are applied to thicker pieces of metal prior to welding, see Welding joint. The bevel provides a smooth clean edge to the plate or pipe and allows a weld of the correct shape (to prevent center-line cracking) to join the separate pieces of metal.

Simple bevels can be used with a backup strip (thin removable sheet behind the plate joint) with chamfers (and a small land) being used on open root welds. Particularly thick plate will have a J-shaped chamfer or U-shaped groove to reduce the amount of welding filler metal used.

Cruciform joint preparation can involve a double bevel to permit full penetration of each weld to the other, removing a possible void space in the center.

title: Bevel


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alda Ribiero Acosta

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete Alda Ribiero Acosta, keep Vladimir Roslik.

Alda Ribiero Acosta, Vladimir Roslik
Can someone verify this? Revolución 01:59, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * These should be seperate entries. Delete Alda Ribiero Acosta as unverifiable, I can find nothing on her. Keep Vladimir Roslik, many confirming articles and websites. -- Infrogmation 14:20, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Vladimir see delete Alda. BTW, there is no vfd notice on the Roslik article. Capitalistroadster 00:10, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:JoeBoucher

User Categorization
You were listed on the Wikipedia:Wikipedians/Canada page as living in or being associated with Canada. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians of British Columbia for instructions. --Doviende 19:57, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:JoeBoucher


text:
Touro Law Center

Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center, commonly known as Touro Law Center,  is an ABA accredited law school. It is located on Long Island, New York, in the hamlet of Central Islip. The Law Center is part of Touro University, a private, not-for-profit, coeducational institution based in New York City.

Touro Law Center has 36 full-time faculty members and 58 teaching adjunct faculty. Of the Touro graduates who took the New York bar for the first time in 2020, 70.7% passed, vs. an overall average of 85.7%.

Campus
Touro Law Center is the only law school in Suffolk County, New York. After briefly beginning operations in Manhattan, the Law Center's first campus was established in the town of Huntington, which is located in northwestern Suffolk County. In 2007, the Law Center moved to its current campus in Central Islip. The Central Islip campus, consisting of a four-story, 180,000-square-foot building, is located within walking distance of both the Alfonse M. D’Amato United States Courthouse and the John P. Cohalan State Court Complex, in which the Suffolk County District and Family Courts and the New York State Supreme Court sit.

Curriculum
Students may enroll in either a program to earn a Juris Doctor (JD) degree or a Master of Laws (LLM) degree. Both full-time and part-time programs are available to students in the JD program.

Touro Law Center is one of several law schools in New York State to offer a two-year accelerated JD program, in which accepted students fulfill their credit-requirements of study within 24 months, beginning with the summer of their first year, and sit for a Bar Examination 26 months after they begin their law school studies. In addition, Touro Law Center offers an accelerated JD program, referred to as a "three-plus-three" (BA/JD) program, with the University of Central Florida, and an accelerated JD Program which allows graduates of foreign law schools to earn a J.D. degree in two years.

Touro Law Center offers four concentrations for J.D. candidates, an L.L.M program for U.S. law school graduates and a Master of Laws in U.S. Legal Studies for foreign law graduates, and joint J.D./M.B.A, J.D./M.P.A., and J.D./M.S.W. programs with Touro College, State University of New York at Stony Brook, and LIU-Post.

Touro Law Center has at times offered summer programs in Vietnam, Germany, Croatia, China, India, and Israel. Only the Vietnam program was offered for the summer of 2018. In 2011, when the Vietnam program was first offered, Touro Law Center was the only law school to offer such a program within the borders of Vietnam.

Experiential learning programs
In September 2013, Touro Law Center joined the Educating Tomorrow's Lawyers Consortium, which consisted of 31 ABA-accredited law schools that have demonstrated a commitment to innovation in legal education and offer a number of law school courses "that implement a student-centered approach to legal education". The consortium was dissolved in 2017. In 2013, PreLaw Magazine recognized Touro Law Center as one of six law school schools in the nation offering innovative clinical and experiential learning opportunities, highlighting the law school's ProBono Uncontested Divorce Project. Touro Law Center is also a member of the Alliance for Experiential Learning in Law, an alliance that currently has 113 law school and legal service organization members, which was established in 2011 with the goal of integrating experience-based education into the traditional law school curriculum.

In Fall 2006, the Law Center began a pilot program that required all first year students to observe courtroom practice in both the federal Alfonse M. D’Amato United States Courthouse and the John P. Cohalan State Court Complex. In 2009, the Center for Court Innovation issued a report on its three-year study of the pilot program; the report concluded that consideration should be given to expanding the program either through increased observation opportunities or participation of students beyond their first year of law school. As of 2011, the program is a graduation requirement in which all first year students must participate, and upper-level students have the option of continuing the curriculum through coursework and court externships, clerkships, or pro bono projects.

Clinics and Centers
Touro Law Center's clinical program consists of legal clinics that specialize in the areas of:
 * Bankruptcy & Mortgage Foreclosure
 * Criminal Law (State Defense/Prosecution & Federal Prosecution)
 * Disaster Relief
 * Education and Youth Justice Clinic
 * Elder Law
 * Family Law
 * Immigration Law
 * Small Business and Not-for-Profit Law
 * Veterans' and Servicemembers' Rights

Touro Law Center also hosts the following Institutes and Centers:
 * Aging and Longevity Law Institute
 * Center for Innovation in Business, Law & Technology
 * Institute of Land Use and Sustainable Development Law
 * Jewish Law Institute
 * TLC Heart (TLC – Hurricane Emergency Assistance and Referral Team)
 * International Justice Center for Post-Graduate Development

The International Justice Center for Post–Graduate Development serves as a national clearinghouse for the law-school based incubator movement. Led by Fred Rooney, the Center launched Touro's Community Justice Center in 2013, housing eight-ten start-up law firms owned by Touro alumni.

The William Randolph Hearst William Randolph Hearst Public Advocacy Center (PAC), established in 2007, has 14 offices and houses on-campus non-profit legal service providers such as the Nassau/Suffolk Law Services Committee, Inc. (grant recipient of the Legal Services Corporation), New York Civil Liberties Union, and the Empire Justice Center (member of the Consumer Federation of America); there are also additional off-campus member affiliates. Thomas Maligno has served as the Executive Director of the Public Advocacy Center since it opened.

History
Touro Law Center was established and admitted its first class in the Fall of 1980. The first class graduated in Spring 1983, and in that same year, the Law Center was provisionally accredited by the American Bar Association. It began operations in a building located at 30 West 44th Street in Manhattan, New York City, which is now the home of the Penn Club of New York. In 1982, the law school moved to the town of Huntington in Suffolk County, New York and the building it occupied for twenty years, formerly Toaz Junior High School. At the time of its move to Huntington, Touro Law Center was the only law school on Long Island to offer a part-time program to students. In April 1986, the Law Center was officially named the Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center, in honor of Judge Jacob D. Fuchsberg, who served as an associate judge of the New York State Court of Appeals from 1975 to 1983. Judge Fuchsberg began serving on the Board of Trustees of Touro College at the time it was established in the 1970s, and during his tenure on the Board, he advocated for the establishment, accreditation, and growth of the Law Center. The Law Center achieved full accreditation by the American Bar Association in 1989.

Deans
John S. Bainbridge was the dean of the law school from 1982 to 1985. During his tenure, Bainbridge recruited the founding faculty and administrators and guided the school through the first American Bar Association inspection that led to its provisional national accreditation. Howard A. Glickstein served as the dean of the Law Center from 1986 to 2004. During Glickstein's tenure, the Law Center was accepted as a member of the American Association of Law Schools, which occurred in 1994. During his eighteen-year tenure, Glickstein also oversaw the initial plans for the Central Islip, New York campus and the development of the construction project. Construction on the new campus began in March 2005, shortly after Glickstein's tenure ended. From 2004 to 2012, Lawrence Raful served as dean. During Raful's tenure, the construction of the Central Islip campus took place, opening in 2007. In 2012, Patricia Salkin was appointed the dean of the law school. She served until 2016, when she was promoted to the position of provost of graduate and professional studies for the Touro College and University system. Harry Ballan, senior counsel at Davis Polk & Wardwell, LLP was subsequently appointed to the position. In June 2019, Elena B. Langan was announced as the new dean of the law school, having previously served as dean of Concordia Law School and interim dean of Nova Southeastern University's Shepard Broad College of Law.

Legal scholarship & publications
In May 2014, Touro Law Center was identified by one law school rankings system as the 13th "most undervalued" law school in the country, based on the spread between the Law Center's U.S. News peer reputation and the number of downloads from the Social Science Research Network of Touro law faculty scholarship. This particular system, first established in a law review article in 2006 by two law professors, compares the U.S. News Rankings to scholarly impact as measured by download counts from the Social Science Research Network. In 2013, Touro Law Center launched its SSRN Legal Studies Research Paper Series eJournal.

The students and faculty of Touro Law Center currently publish four journals:

 * Touro Law Review (first published Spring 1985)
 * Touro International Law Review (formerly known as the Touro Journal of Transnational Law; first published Fall 1988)
 * Touro Law Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity (first published August 2006)
 * Touro Journal of Experiential Learning (first published Fall 2014)

Employment
According to Touro's 2018 ABA-required disclosures, 67.9% of the Class of 2016 had obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment by nine months after graduation. Touro Law Center's Law School Transparency under-employment score for the Class of 2017 is 20.3%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2017 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation. For the graduating class of 2021, Touro's LST employment score of 59.1% is the lowest of any law school in New York state.

Costs
The cost in tuition and fees for attending Touro Law Center full-time for the 2018–19 academic year is $24,900 per semester and $18,605 per semester for part-time programs.

Notable faculty

 * Joseph Frank Bianco – Appointed by President George W. Bush as a US District Judge in the Eastern District of New York; teaches National Security and the Law.
 * Sol Wachtler – Former Chief Judge of New York Court of Appeals; Distinguished Adjunct Professor.

Notable alumni

 * Kathleen M. Rice (1991) – U.S. House of Representatives, New York's 4th Congressional District, November 2014
 * Sal Iacono (1996) – Comedian, writer and game show host; best known for his roles on The Man Show and the late night television show Jimmy Kimmel Live!
 * Gata Kamsky (2004) – Chess grandmaster, and a former World Rapid Chess Champion
 * Bikram Singh (musician) – Housing attorney; said to be the most famous Bhangra fusion star in North America according to the New York Times
 * Martin Tankleff (2014) – Activist
 * Bradley Blakeman (1986) – Fox News Contributor; Former Senior Advisor to President George W. Bush; Georgetown University politics professor
 * Gabriel Silva Marques (2014) – Former Deputy Nassau County Comptroller, member of the Portuguese Government's Diaspora Advisory Council (Conselho das Comunidades Portuguesas).
 * Joseph Addabbo, Jr. (1992) – New York State Senator, 15th Senate District
 * John J. Flanagan (1990) – Former New York State Senator, 2nd Senate District
 * Al Graf (2002) – Former New York State Assemblyman, 5th Assembly District
 * Marc Alessi (2003) – Former New York State Assemblyman, 1st Assembly District
 * Kenneth LaValle (1987) – Former New York State Senator, 1st Senate District
 * Sam Nunberg (2009) – Former campaign advisor to Donald Trump

title: Touro Law Center


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thanks

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was this article was Speedy Deleted at 16:04, 1 Jun 2005 UTC by MacGyverMagic. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 04:44, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Speedy this? I think not! Take a bow, gang! (Oh, and delete). Denni ☯ 02:01, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)
 * Enshrine somewhere before deletion. An interesting way to say thanks. A better way would be to return the favor and contribute stuff :-) A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  03:07, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * No vote, but endorse the sentiment. --Simon Cursitor 07:42, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep somewhere, somehow - someone be creative and think where!--Doc (?) 08:16, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Would BJAODN do? Proto 11:24, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * You're welcome but also delete Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 12:49, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * This content is speedy-able as an attempt to correspond. If someone were to write an actual article about the practice of thanking as part of etiquette and its role in various cultures, I might vote to keep. Meelar (talk) 13:45, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I agree it may be speedy deleted. If someone wishes to copy it to the latest BJAODN, go ahead. -- Infrogmation 14:12, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Copied to Village Pump since I love the idea of the message. Radiant_* 14:35, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Article author: "so just go on and delete this". It's copied and preserved. Now it can be speedied. Mgm|(talk) 16:03, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thanks


text:
Shade avoidance

Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. This set of responses is collectively called the shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS).

Shade responses display varying strength along a continuum. Most plants are neither extreme shade avoiders or tolerators, but possess a combination of the two strategies; this helps adapt them to their environment. However, the ability to perceive and respond to shade plays a very important role in all plants: they are sessile by nature and access to photosynthetically active radiation is essential for plant nutrition and growth. In addition, the time at which a plant starts to flower is affected by the amount of light that is available.

Over the past few decades, major increases in grain yield have come largely through increasing planting densities. As planting densities increase so does the proportion of far red light in the canopy. Thus, it is likely that plant breeders have selected for lines with reduced SAS in their efforts to produce high yields at high density.

Sensing shade
Plants can tell the difference between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant, as well as the presence of nearby plants that may compete with and shade it in the future. In the shade of a plant, far red light is present in a higher irradiance than red light, as a result of the absorption of the red light by the pigments involved in photosynthesis, while a nearby plant forms an intermediate ratio. This is known as far red enrichment. Phytochrome can be used to measure the ratio of far red to red light, and thus to detect whether the plant is in the shade of another plant, so it can alter its growth strategy accordingly (photomorphogenesis). In Arabidopsis, phytochrome B is the predominant photoreceptor that regulates SAS. Phytochromes exist in two forms: PR and PFR. It is synthesised as PR, but red light triggers a conformational change, producing PFR. Far red light causes the phytochrome to be converted back into PR. For a given red:far red light ratio, there will be a dynamic equilibrium in the relative quantities of PR and PFR present. Far red enrichment causes a build-up of PR. If PR is present above a species-specific threshold, shade avoidance signal transduction pathways will be activated.

Seedling response
Seedling response is the most well understood factor of shade avoidance. In the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana, the shade avoidance response varies at different points in the life cycle. Dry, dormant seeds will not germinate if they are in the shade. Once dormancy has been broken and they have imbibed water, the seeds are committed to germination. Water-imbibed seeds display hypocotyl elongation; if the shade were caused by excessive soil depth, this would help the seedling grow vertically very quickly and push up and out of the ground. If an Arabidopsis seedling becomes shaded, its petioles and internodes elongate. It may even lose rosette morphology.

Pathway
Studies using Brassica rapa indicate that the light quality and ratio available to seedlings is sensed in the cotyledons, which upregulates the production of auxin. Arabidopsis was used to demonstrate PIF (Phytochrome Interacting Factor) involvement in auxin production. PIFs are transcription factors that regulate thousands of genes related to germination repression and shade avoidance, and PIF4, PIF5, and PIF7 directly regulate genes that code for the enzymes required in auxin synthesis. Other PIF proteins are thought to be involved in regulating auxin and the plant's response. In shade conditions, PR induces the dephosphorylation of PIF proteins, which strengthens their ability to bind DNA and promote transcription of genes involved in shade avoidance response, including in the production of auxin and its receptors. Where the auxin lay, the plant grows on that side which causes it to bend in the opposite direction. Auxin is transported to the hypocotyl to promote elongation, although the mechanism it uses to do so remains unclear.

Adult response
Shade avoidance response in adult plants is less commonly studied than it is in seedlings, though adult Arabidopsis show more complex response patterns than seedlings. Shaded adults have elongated petioles at the rosette, smaller leaf blades, and suppressed axillary bud growth. By elongating the petiole sideways, the plant repositions its leaves away from shading plants to absorb more red light, though there is a trade off in leaf size. The leaves can also bend upwards towards potential light sources as a result of higher growth on the underside of the petiole than the top, a process called hyponasty. Flattening of leaves in plants with normally curled leaves also increases surface area for light absorption.

If a mature plant becomes shaded, shade avoidance also often prompts changes in reproductive strategies. Plants may flower early, as it is unlikely that growing more structures will result in profitable nutrient gain in the short term. In Arabidopsis, early flowering is linked to overall lower reproductive success due to lower seed production, smaller fruit, and lower germination rate of seeds, although germination success is also dependent on genetic variation between individuals.

Pathway
Like seedlings, adult plant shade avoidance involves several mechanisms acting together. Petiole elongation is both a result of cell expansion and cell division, though not at the same stage in petiole and leaf formation. In newly growing leaves, cell division is the primary factor, while fully formed leaves and petioles rely on cell expansion. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) are a family of cell wall modifying proteins. In shade conditions, the genes coding for XTH9, XTH15/XTR7, XTH16, XTH17, and XTH19 are up-regulated and these proteins act to hydrolyze and weaken the cell wall, allowing for expansion of the petiole cells. Like in seedlings, PIF7 is involved in the regulation of petiole and leaf growth due to low R:FR, by up-regulating auxin-related and brassinosteroid-response genes which promote growth. Auxin signalling is also essential to hyponasty, though its role is not yet fully understood.

Leaf curling is primarily a response to phytochrome B converting to PR in shade conditions, which promotes unequal proliferation and growth of cells on the upper and lower leaf sides. Two redundant genes, ATHB4 and HAT3, code for transcription factors that regulate leaf curling, with loss of function mutants having plants with leaves that curl downwards, and plants with over-expressive copies of these genes having leaves that curl strongly upwards. By changing expression of these genes, plants can straighten their leaves in response to shade.

title: Shade avoidance


text:
West High School (Waterloo, Iowa)

Waterloo West High School is one of three public high schools under the auspices of the Waterloo Community School District in Waterloo, Iowa. The school is located at the intersection of E. Ridgeway Ave. and Baltimore Ave.

Mascot
The school mascot is Westy the Wahawk. The name "Wahawk" is a portmanteau of the city name (Waterloo) and the county name (Black Hawk). Much controversy has surrounded the mascot, which was once an Indian chief thought to be politically incorrect. It was later changed to a flying eagle flying through a flaming hoop but was changed back after 3 years.

The logo is currently the "Flying W," a capital "W" with a feather hanging off of it. More recently an arrow has been added behind the "Flying W". This is also the only school in the United States with "Old Rose" as its school color.

Demographics
In the 2015–2016 school year, West High had an enrollment of 1,638 students. The racial makeup of the school during the 2015–2016 school year was 60% White, 18.5% African-American, 10% Hispanic, 4.6% Multiracial, 4.5% Asian and 2.4% from other races.

Athletics
The Wahawks compete in the Mississippi Valley Conference in the following sports:
 * Cross Country
 * Volleyball
 * Football
 * Basketball
 * Boys' 1925 Class A State Champions
 * Wrestling
 * 17-time State Champions (1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1951, 1952, 1955, 1959, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1977, 1989)
 * Swimming
 * Track and Field
 * Boys' 1981 Class AA State Champions
 * Golf
 * Boys' 10-time State Champions (1950, 1951, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1977, 1998)
 * Girls' 4-time State Champions (1956, 1957, 1981, 1993)
 * Coed 5-time State Champions (1972, 1973, 1980, 1981, 1985)
 * Soccer
 * Softball
 * Baseball
 * 1991 Class 4A State Champions
 * Tennis
 * Boys' 1991 Class 2A State Champions
 * Bowling
 * Girls' 2013 Class 2A State Champions
 * Boys' 2-time Class 3A State Champions (2020, 2023)

Notable alumni

 * Bob Bowlsby, Big 12 Conference commissioner (2012–current), athletic director at Stanford University (2006–2012) University of Iowa (1990–2006).
 * Dan Gable, 1972 Olympic gold medalist in freestyle wrestling at 1972 Summer Olympics, former head wrestling coach at University of Iowa.
 * Molly Goodenbour, women's basketball coach, University of San Francisco
 * Nikole Hannah-Jones, journalist
 * Don Perkins, former professional football player, Pro Bowl running back for Dallas Cowboys
 * Cal Petersen, American professional ice hockey player
 * Jack Rule, Jr., former professional golfer who played on PGA Tour in 1960s
 * Mike van Arsdale, retired mixed martial artist; current MMA coach
 * Emily West, country music singer-songwriter, signed with Capitol Records; America's Got Talent (season 9) runner up

title: West High School (Waterloo, Iowa)


text:
User talk:UptownActivist

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --JYolkowski // talk 02:02, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:UptownActivist


text: User talk:69.107.83.97

title: User talk:69.107.83.97


text:
1967 New Brunswick electoral redistribution

The 1967 New Brunswick electoral redistribution was the first redistribution of electoral district boundaries in the New Brunswick, Canada, since 1926, and the first change in number of members since 1946.

At the time, New Brunswick operated on electoral districts with fixed boundaries, and the number of members to which they were entitled varied based upon their respective population. From 1926 to 1967, each of the province's 15 counties was a district. The cities of Saint John and Moncton were districts in their own rights. These districts elected members using the bloc voting system.

Under this redistribution, all six of New Brunswick's cities became electoral districts, and Saint John County was split into two districts, creating a total of 22 ridings. For the first time since 1946, this created several districts that returned only one member using the first past the post system.

Electoral districts

 * Albert: Albert County; two members
 * Bathurst: City of Bathurst; one member
 * Campbellton: City of Campbellton, Village of Atholville and the Village of Tide Head; one member
 * Carleton: Carleton County; three members
 * Charlotte: Charlotte County; four members
 * Edmundston: City of Edmundston; one member
 * Fredericton: City of Fredericton; two members
 * Gloucester: Gloucester County less the City of Bathurst; five members
 * Kent: Kent County; three members
 * Kings: Kings County; three members
 * Madawaska: Madawaska County less the City of Edmundston; three members
 * Moncton: City of Moncton; three members
 * Northumberland: Northumberland County; five members
 * Queens: Queens County; two members
 * Restigouche: Restigouche County less the riding of Campbellton; three members
 * Saint John Centre: City of Saint John; four members
 * Saint John East: Saint John County east of the Saint John River and outside of the City of Saint John; two members
 * Saint John West: Saint John County west of the Saint John River and outside of the City of Saint John; one member
 * Sunbury: Sunbury County; two members
 * Victoria: Victoria County; two members
 * Westmorland: Westmorland County less the City of Moncton; four members
 * York: York County less the City of Fredericton; two members


text: Category:Touro University System

title: Category:Touro University System


text:
Category talk:Provinces and territories of Canada

Mnemonic to remember the 11 Canadian Provinces. From "TWO TERRITORIES": 1)YUKON, 2)NORTHWEST, and a native named "BASMOQ" 3)BRITISH COLUMBIA, 4)ALBERTA, 5)SASKATCHEWAN, 6)MANITOBA, 7)ONTARIO & 8)QUEBEC drank 9)MINI-SODA (Minnesota) with 10)PRINCE EDWARD (island) & his four "Ns" 11)NUNAVUT, 12)NEWFOUNLAND & LABRADOR, 13)NEW BRUNSWICK & 14)NOVA SCOTIA.

The problem with the mnemonic above is Canada has 11 provinces and 3 territories.

A better one is: Billy and Sally Might Make Our Queen Nervous Playing Near Needles. (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Minnesota, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, PEI, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland)

Then for the territories: You're Not Nice (Yukon, Northwest Territory and Nunavut)

I've added all the actual articles on the provinces and territories to this category, because that's what this category is for. The fact that they are also members of specific subcategories shouldn't matter, because they're only in those specific sub-categories as the title articles, or whatever. john k 17:44, 10 June 2007 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Johan

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - moved - SimonP 23:26, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Johan
vanity, non-notable Josh Parris ✉ 02:05, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC) Keep it. Lead programmer and game designer. Well known in appropriate circles. Similiar to Will Wright/Sid Meir. ~ Duuk
 * Agreed with Josh parris on vanity. The name "Johan" however is variation of "John", so I would support a redirect to John. Sjakkalle 06:51, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/redir per Sjakalle. English is about the only language that abbreviates names of classical figures, so people could plausibly look for Johan (or Johannes) when searching for biblical figure John. Radiant_* 14:33, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * What if it was transferred to Johan Andersson? TheSeez
 * Move to Johan Andersson Fornadan (t) 00:07, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Johan Andersson. Also I disagree with being non-notable, Johan is quite well-known among people who follow game design. --King of Men 01:17, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Move the NPOV bits to Johan Andersson or Paradox Interactive, then redirect to John per Sjakkalle. -- Grev -- Talk 03:16, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Johan Andersson or incorporate into Paradox Interactive. He's the head programmer of an established gaming company, and he has a semi-cult status among the fans of Paradox' games – Rafiki (talk) 06:26, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Johan sucks teh horsecock, in addition Wiki rules say that personal tribute pages are not allowed, as Johan is only a half-wit programmer at a fourth rate games company, he does not warrent a page. - Kyu
 * (comment left by Anilocra 14:18, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I agree with Kyu, besides, the Johan Anderssen is already taken
 * (unsigned comment left by ) Anilocra 14:18, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It was not taken when the move was suggested. In fact, what's there now may quickly end up on the VfD.  Further, it was created by this anonymous user, probably to block such a move from being carried out if that's what's decided. -- Grev -- Talk 15:21, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Johan


text: Template:U.S. Governors

title: Template:U.S. Governors


text:
Charmbracelet

Charmbracelet is the ninth studio album by American R&B singer Mariah Carey, released on November 20, 2002, through MonarC Entertainment and Island Records. The album was Carey's first release since her breakdown following the release of her film Glitter (2001) and its accompanying soundtrack album. Critics described Charmbracelet as one of Carey's most personal records, following 1997's Butterfly. Throughout the project, she collaborated with several musicians, including Jermaine Dupri, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, 7 Aurelius and Dre & Vidal.

According to Carey, love is the album's main theme, and the songs combine introspective and personal themes with celebration and fun. The album contains a mixture of R&B beats, and the songs incorporate elements of other genres, such as gospel and soul. Compared to Glitter, which featured a variety of sampled melodies from the 1980s, Charmbracelet has a softer hip hop and R&B sound to it. Cam'ron, Jay-Z and Freeway also appear on the album.

Charmbracelet received mixed-to-negative reviews, with some critics praising Carey's return to her core audience while others criticized the album's production. The album debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200 chart, and sold 241,000 copies in its first week. Internationally, the album reached the top-ten in Japan and Switzerland, and peaked inside the top-forty in seven other countries. Three singles were released to promote the album. The lead single, "Through the Rain" reached number one in Spain and peaked inside the top-ten in Canada, Switzerland, Sweden, Italy and the United Kingdom. In the US, it topped the Hot Dance Club Play chart, but stalled at number 81 on the Billboard Hot 100. To promote the album, Carey embarked on the Charmbracelet World Tour (2003-2004) and performed on televised programs such as the 30th Annual American Music Awards, Today, The View, the Soul Train Music Awards and The Oprah Winfrey Show. Internationally, she traveled to several countries to promote the record, including a performance on the Brazilian program Fantástico, in addition to several acoustic performances and interviews on MTV Europe and MTV UK.

Background
Before the release of Charmbracelet, Carey experienced a year of critical, commercial and personal struggles, following the poor reception of her debut film Glitter (2001) and its accompanying soundtrack, as well as her subsequent hospitalization. After divorcing her husband, Tommy Mottola, Carey released Butterfly (1997). With her next release, Rainbow (1999), Carey incorporated elements of R&B and hip hop into her music, particularly on the lead single "Heartbreaker". According to The Sacramento Bee, she attempted to sound more "ghetto". She stopped working with longtime pop producers such as Babyface and Walter Afanasieff, in order to pursue a new sound and audience, and worked with writers Sean Combs and Jermaine Dupri. Following the worldwide success of Rainbow, Carey left Columbia Records. Controversially, Mottola and executive Benny Medina in 1999 used several songs Carey had written and co-written for Jennifer Lopez. Carey's 2001 film debut Glitter was panned by movie critics, and earned less than eight million dollars at the box office.

Carey's $100 million recording contract was bought out by Virgin Records for $28 million. Carey checked into a hospital in Connecticut, following a controversial appearance on Total Request Live, in which she gave ice cream to fans, left troubling messages on her website and demonstrated what was considered by the media as "erratic behavior". Carey said she had an "emotional and physical breakdown." After a fortnight's hospitalization, Carey flew to Capri, Italy, where she stayed for five months and began writing and producing material for a new studio album about her recent troubles. She was signed by Island Records, and started her own imprint, MonarC Entertainment, for her intended "comeback" release, Charmbracelet.

Development and recording
Carey started writing songs for the album in early 2002, before she signed the record deal. She decided to rest, traveled to Capri and moved into a recording studio where she could focus on writing and recording without distractions. Most of the album was recorded in Capri, although she traveled to Atlanta, New York and Philadelphia to record some tracks. That year, Carey claimed Charmbracelet to be the "most personal album" she had ever made. She worked with longtime collaborators Jermaine Dupri, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Randy Jackson and other songwriters and producers 7 Aurelius, Just Blaze, Damizza and Dre & Vidal. The opening track and the first track to be written for the album, "Through the Rain", was written by Carey and Lionel Cole, was inspired Carey's recent experiences, and was co-produced by Jam and Lewis. It was released as the lead single from the album.

Jam, Lewis and Carey also worked "Yours", which Jam said contains "probably one of the best hooks [ever]", and likened it to one of trio's previous collaborations, "Thank God I Found You" (2000). Initially, the song was recorded as duet with pop singer Justin Timberlake. However, due to contractual complications, it was never released and a solo version was featured on the album. Jam and Lewis produced two more songs, "Wedding Song" and "Satisfy"the latter featuring background vocals from Michael Jacksonwhich were not released on the album.

Carey decided to work with Just Blaze after she heard the song "Oh Boy", which he produced for Cam'ron. Just Blaze and Carey produced "Boy (I Need You)", a remake of "Oh Boy", and "You Got Me". Carey said "Boy (I Need You)" was one of her favorites on the album. "You Got Me" features rap verses from Jay-Z and Freeway, was noted by Carey as a "signature Just Blaze track". Jay-Z was in Capri on vacation, and went to the studio to hear the song and said that he wanted to contribute to it and added rap verses of his own. Dupri produced "The One" and "You Had Your Chance". He said that they wanted to stick to the "same familiar sound" from his previous collaborations with Carey. Carey said "The One" was a personal song, which was about being hurt in past relationships and the uncertainty about forming new ones. Carey decided to experiment with a live band for the album. In April 2002, she met 7 Aurelius and asked him to produce songs for the album. They flew to Nassau, Bahamas and recorded a mixture of mid-tempo and up-tempo tracks and ballads with a live band. 7 Aurelius said that Carey was "an amazing writer" and described the process of recording:

We did three or four songs in three or four days. The way we was doing it, I had [a horn section] down there along with me. We had the whole room set up with candles, some nice wine[it was] a very good vibe. It was completely stripped down, like 'Mariah Carey Unplugged'. She stripped herself down to her talent. She was really trusting of me and my vision, and I was trusting of who she was.

Randy Jackson contributed to four tracks on the album, and said it was "the most real and honest record she's made. She didn't care what anyone thought of the lyrics. They were only important to her." Carey included a cover of Def Leppard's song "Bringin' On the Heartbreak". During the photo shoot for Charmbracelet at Capri, Carey happened to listen to Def Leppard's greatest hits album Vault (1995), which contains the song, and decided to cover it. In an interview with Billboard, Carey said that the song is "an example of her musical diversity". Jackson also worked on "My Saving Grace", which Carey said describes her thoughts about the writing, recording and mastering process. While working in Capri, Carey's father became ill with cancer and she returned to New York to spend some time with him; he died soon after. In his memory, Carey wrote and produced the song "Sunflowers for Alfred Roy". Carey said that the song represents "his side of the family and is kind of hard to talk about." The song proved to be "very emotional" for Carey, and she sang it only once in the studio. DJ Quik also produced songs for the album, but none of them were included.

Music and lyrics
Carey attempted to make a musical comeback with Charmbracelet, which focused on bringing Carey back to her R&B and soul roots in an attempt to recapture her audience. Critics both praised and criticized the condition of Carey's voice on the album; many called the songs average, and felt that most lacked sufficient hooks. The album's lead single, and Carey's boldest attempt at recreating the ballads from the early years of her career, was "Through the Rain", which was produced by Carey, and was described by one critic as "the sort of self-help ballad Ms. Carey was singing a decade ago". The songs on the album are a mixture of several genres.

Carey's cover of "Bringin' On the Heartbreak", was recorded using live instrumentation, and was the album's third single. It begins as a "piano-driven slow jam", which is followed by a "dramatic chord progression" after the second chorus, and Carey's "precise and fluttery voice reaches incredible heights" as it "turns the power ballad into something more delicate." Kelefa Sanneh from The New York Times called "Yours" "a delectable combination of breathy vocals and playful rhythms." Barry Walters from Rolling Stone wrote that on "Yours", "Carey's lead vocals blend into choruses of overdubbed Mariah's cooing overlapping phrases. Circling these are choirs of more Mariahs singing harmonies and countermelodies. Topping it off are generous sprinklings of the singer's patented birdcalls, wails, sighs and whispers."

Critics considered "Subtle Invitation" to be one of the album's strongest songs because of its "well executed" jazz influence. The song begins with the sounds of people dining, then introduces the strong bassline and drums. Towards the end of the song, Carey belts out the climax. Sarah Rodman from The Boston Herald described it as fascinating and wrote, "it sounds as though Carey is singing in falsetto while still in her chest voice." "Clown" drew strong media attention, and its lyrical content led critics to speculate that Carey aimed it at rapper Eminem, who had publicly announced that he had had a relationship with Carey. Rodman said "Clown" was "languidly sinister", with lyrics such as, "I should've left it at 'I like your music too' ... You should never have intimated we were lovers / when you know very well we never even touched each other." Critics compared "I Only Wanted" with "My All"'s instrumentation and structure of verse, chorus and guitar solo. According to Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine, Carey makes vague allusions to her ex-husband Tommy Mottola with the line, "Wish I'd stayed beneath my veil". The song uses Latin-inspired guitar instrumentation and wind sounds as an additional backbone to the melody, and dripping water as its percussion.

"Sunflowers for Alfred Roy", one of the album's most personal songs, is named after Carey's father; she makes direct reference to him and a moment they shared at his death bed. The song is backed with a simple piano accompaniment, and Carey recounts a visit with her father in his hospital room: "Strange to feel that proud, strong man / Grip tightly to my hand."

Singles
Three singles were released from the album. The lead single, "Through the Rain" was released on September 24, 2002. It received mixed reviews from critics, some of whom said it was too similar to her earlier ballads, such as "Hero" and "Outside", while others praised Carey's vocals in the song. It was one of Carey's poorest-selling US singles, reaching number 81 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. However, it topped the Hot Dance Club Play charts and reached the top twenty of the Adult Contemporary chart. Outside the US, the single topped the Spanish charts and performed moderately elsewhere, peaking within the top ten in Canada, Switzerland, Sweden, Italy and the UK, and within the top 20 in Ireland, Australia, Norway and Denmark. The music video of "Through the Rain", directed by Dave Meyers, is based on the courtship and eloping of Carey's parents. Scenes of Carey singing in a street when rain starts to fall are juxtaposed with the story of a mixed-race couple who run away from their families, who oppose their relationship.

"Boy (I Need You)", which was released as the second single on November 26, 2002, received mixed reviews from critics. The single failed to make much impact on charts worldwide; it reached number 68 on the US Billboard Hip-Hop/R&B Songs chart and number 57 on the US Hot Singles Sales chart. Elsewhere, the song reached number 17 in the UK, and peaked within the top 40 in Australia, the Netherlands, Ireland and New Zealand. The music video for "Boy (I Need You)" was directed by Joseph Kahn and was filmed at Shibuya and Los Angeles. Initially, "The One" was scheduled to be released as the second single and the music video was shot for that song. However, halfway through the filming, the single was changed to "Boy (I Need You)". Described as "Speed Racer meets Hello Kitty meets me and Cam'ron" by Carey, the video incorporates elements of Japanese culture and features Carey's alter-ego Bianca.

The third single from the album was Carey's cover version of "Bringin' On the Heartbreak", released on November 25, 2003. Though it gained mostly positive reviews,  it failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, but reached number five on the Hot Dance Club Play chart. Outside the US, the song saw its highest peak in Switzerland, reaching number 28 and staying on the charts for eight weeks. It also charted in Austria and the Wallonia region of Belgium. The music video for the song was directed by Sanaa Hamri. Another cut from the album, "Irresistible (Westside Connection)" charted at number 81 on the US Billboard Hip-Hop/R&B Songs.

Promotion
Following the release of "Through the Rain", Carey embarked on several US and international promotional tours in support of Charmbracelet and its accompanying singles. Promotion for "Through the Rain" began at the 2002 NRJ Awards, where Carey performed wearing a long black skirt and denim blazer. Three days before the album's US release, a one-hour program titled Mariah Carey: Shining Through the Rain, in which Carey was interviewed and sang several songs from Charmbracelet and her back catalog, aired on MTV. Carey addressed rumors of her breakdown and its cause, and spoke about the album and its inspiration, and conducted a question and answer session with fans. During the first month after the album's release, Carey appeared on several television talk shows. She launched her promotional tour on Today, where she performed four songs at Mall of America for a crowd of over 10,000. On December 2, Carey traveled to Brazil for South American promotion of Charmbracelet, appearing on the popular television program Fantástico. She sang "My All", and performed "Through the Rain" and "I Only Wanted" wearing a long pink gown. She also made a surprise appearance on Show da Virada, singing "Through the Rain" and "My All", while wearing a short silver dress. On December 3, 2002, Carey appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show, where she performed "Through the Rain" and "My Saving Grace", and gave a highly publicized interview about her hospitalization. Before her breakdown, Carey had been booked for a private interview with ABC's Barbara Walters, executive producer of The View, following Glitter's release. Instead of giving Walters the full-coverage interview following Carey's return to the public eye, Island decided Oprah was more appropriate, and changed the appearance. Carey's interview with Matt Lauer on Dateline NBC aired the same evening.

On December 17, Carey performed "I Only Wanted" on The View after guest co-hosting the program. One month later, Carey was one of the headlining performers at the 30th annual American Music Awards, held on January 13, 2003. She performed "Through the Rain" alongside a live gospel choir, and wore a long black evening gown. During the performance, images of newspaper headlines reporting Carey's breakdown were projected on a large curtain behind her, with one reading, "When you fall down, you get back up." Carey received a standing ovation. In mid-February, Carey was the headline performer at the NBA all-star game, which was Michael Jordan's last game. She wore a long, purple, skin-tight Washington Wizards' dress, and performed "Boy (I Need You)", "My Saving Grace" and "Hero", which received a standing ovation and brought Jordan to tears. On March 1, 2003, Carey performed at the Soul Train Music Awards, sporting a retro-curled hairstyle and wearing a burgundy evening gown. She performed "My Saving Grace", and as at the American Music Awards, images of newspaper headlines and inspirational photographs were projected onto a large screen. Following the performance, Carey was awarded a lifetime achievement award for her contribution to music. Towards the end of March, Charmbracelet was released in Europe and Carey appeared on several television programs to promote the album. She performed the album's leading two singles on the British music chart show, Top of the Pops, and a similar set on The Graham Norton Show and Fame Academy. On the latter program, Carey was joined on stage by the show's finalists, who sang the climax on "Through the Rain" alongside her.

Tour
To promote the album, Carey announced the Charmbracelet World Tour in April 2003. The tour was her most extensive yet, lasting over eight months and performing 69 shows in venues worldwide. In the United States, the tour was marketed as "An Intimate Evening with Mariah Carey", with concerts being held in smaller venues. Carey expressed a desire to give fans more "intimate", Broadway-influenced shows. In contrast to the US leg of the tour, Carey performed in arenas for larger audiences in Asia and Europe. In the UK, it was Carey's first tour to feature shows outside London; she performed in Glasgow, Birmingham and Manchester. The Charmbracelet World Tour garnered generally positive reviews, with music critics and audiences praising the quality of Carey's live vocals and the production of the shows.

Critical reception
Upon its release, Charmbracelet was released to mostly negative critical reception. Aggregator website Metacritic, which averages professional reviews into a numerical score, gave Charmbracelet a score of 43/100, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic rated the album two and the half out of five stars, and criticized its production and the condition of Carey's voice. He wrote, "Whenever she sings, there's a raspy whistle behind her thin voice and she strains to make notes throughout the record ... Her voice is damaged, and there's not a moment where it sounds strong or inviting." Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly said she was "in fine voice". He wrote that "Through the Rain" sinks in its own sodden sentimentality, as do by-the-numbers efforts like 'Yours' and 'I Only Wanted' ", and added that "'Clown' is a moody number graced with mournful acoustic guitar and a gorgeously nuanced vocal, while 'Sunflowers for Alfred Roy' is a short, sweet song sung to a lovely piano accompaniment". He finished by saying that "too much of Charmbracelet is mired in middle-of-the-road muck."

Billboard editor Michael Paoletta praised Carey's return to her core audience. He said that although Carey might have alienated her hip hop followers from her previous three albums, her older fans from the 1990s would be more receptive to the material and her new image. Kelefa Sanneh from The New York Times wrote that the album "is generally pleasant, although it's not always exciting, and a few of the collaborations go awry". He called Carey's voice "invariably astonishing", and said that "she can hit high notes that barely sound human", praised her versatility, and wrote that she "also knows how to make a hip-hop hit by holding back and letting the beat shine." Ethan Browne of New York slated the album's whimsical chimes and tinkling keyboards, and wrote, "Was Charmbracelet recorded in a Casio shop? This instrument needs to be stopped."

Rating Charmbracelet two out of five stars, Barry Walters from Rolling Stone wrote that none of the songs were bold, that the lack of hooks made the album weak, and said, "Carey needs bold songs that help her use the power and range for which she is famous. Charmbracelet is like a stream of watercolors that bleed into a puddle of brown." Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine complimented Carey's mixture of pop and hip hop melodies, and wrote, "Though there's nothing as immediate as 'Fantasy' or 'My All' here, Charmbracelet is significantly less contrived than 1999's Rainbow and almost as creatively liberating as Butterfly. British columnist Angus Batey, writing for Yahoo! Music UK called the songs on Charmbracelet forgettable, and wrote, "She used to take risks, but Charmbracelet is conservative, unadventurous and uninspiring; and, while it's understandable that simply to make another record marks a triumph of sorts, it's impossible to admire Mariah to the degree that her talent ought to merit." John Mulvey from NME criticized its content, writing, "Nominally, Charmbracelet is R&B, much like Tony Blair is nominally a socialist ... Tragedies, all told, have been worse"

At the 17th Japan Gold Disc Award in 2003, the album was nominated in the category of Rock and Pop Album of the Year (International).

Commercial performance
Charmbracelet was initially slated for release in the US on December 10, 2002. However, the date was revised to December 3, 2002. It was released through Island Records and Carey's label MonarC Entertainment. A highly anticipated release, it debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 241,000 units, more than the first-week sales of the critically panned Glitter soundtrack, but fewer than 1999's Rainbow, which sold 323,000 units in its first week. Next week, the album fell to number fourteen, despite selling a further 173,000 units. It stayed on the chart for 22 weeks. Charmbracelet was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of one million units in the US. , the estimated sales of the album in the US (compiled by Nielsen Soundscan) were 1,166,000 copies which was a slight improvement over the sales of Glitter.

In Canada, the album debuted and peaked on the Canadian Albums Chart at number 30. This placement was a decline in contrast to Glitter, which debuted at number four on the chart. It was certified Gold by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA) for shipments of 50,000 copies. On the week dated December 15, 2002, Chamrbracelet entered the Australian Albums Chart at its peak position of number 42. It exited the chart the next week, becoming one of Carey's lowest charting albums in the country. In Japan, Charmbracelet debuted at number four on the Oricon Albums Chart, its second-highest peak worldwide, and sold 63,365 units in its first week. The album spent another week at number four, and sold 71,206 units. It stayed on the charts for a total of 15 weeks and according to Oricon, has sold 240,440 copies. The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) certified Charmbracelet platinum for shipments of 200,000 copies.

In Austria, the album peaked at number 34 and stayed on the charts for seven weeks. In the Flemish region of Belgium it charted and peaked at number 48 and reached number 28 in the Walloon region of that country. Charmbracelet entered the French Albums Chart at number 20 in the week dated December 7, 2002, spent 30 weeks on the chart and was certified Gold by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP), denoting shipments of 100,000 units. Charmbracelet charted and peaked at number 32 in Germany It reached number 50 in Sweden. In Switzerland, the album peaked at number nine on the Swiss Albums Chart and stayed on the charts for 10 weeks; it was certified Gold by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). In the United Kingdom, the album peaked at number 52, selling 19,000 copies in its first week. It has sold a total of 122,010 copies as of April 2008. In February 2003, it was certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipments of 100,000 copies in the UK. In the Netherlands, the album debuted at number 48, the issue dated December 14, 2002. The following week, it peaked at number 30. It stayed on the charts for 19 weeks, and made two re-entries, one in June 2003 and other in August 2003.

Charmbracelet was certified Gold in both Brazil and Hong Kong by Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos (ABPD) and IFPI Hong Kong respectively. The album has sold an estimated three million copies worldwide.

Re-release
While preparing for the Asian leg of the Charmbracelet World Tour, Carey announced that Charmbraclet would be re-released with four additional tracks in Europe and Asia on July 26, 2003 – the first day of the North American leg of the tour. Carey included her duet with Busta Rhymes, "I Know What You Want", which was released as a single from his album, It Ain't Safe No More (2002), and became Carey's highest-charting song internationally in 2003, reaching top five peaks in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Ireland, Italy, Switzerland, the US and the UK. In an interview with Carson Daly, Carey said, "The Busta Rhymes duet ... has become so successful and we always said I would put it on my album as well." The re-release also included "There Goes My Heart", "Got a Thing 4 You" featuring Da Brat and Elephant Man, and "The One (So So Def Remix)" featuring Bone Crusher. The re-released version of the album charted for three weeks on the Oricon album chart in Japan, where it peaked at number 96 on the issue dated July 14, 2003.

Track listing
Notes
 * "Boy (I Need You)" contains samples of "Oh Boy" by Cam'ron and "Call Me" by Tweet.
 * "You Had Your Chance" contains a sample of "I Want'a Do Something Freaky to You" by Leon Haywood.
 * "Irresistible (Westside Connection)" contains a sample of "You Know How We Do It" by Ice Cube.
 * "Bringin' On the Heartbreak" is a cover of "Bringin' On the Heartbreak" by Def Leppard.

Personnel
Credits for Charmbracelet taken from the album's liner notes.

 * Mariah Carey – producer, executive producer, vocals, background vocals
 * Asif Ali – engineer
 * Florian Ammon – digital editing, audio mixing, vocal engineer
 * Giulio Antognini – assistant engineer
 * Bobby Ross Avila – guitar
 * Rob Bacon – guitar, electric guitar
 * Karen Elaine Bakunin – viola
 * Charlie Bisharat – String Quartet, strings
 * Printz Board – trumpet
 * Oswald "Wiz" Bowe – assistant engineer
 * Denyse Buffum – viola
 * Eve Butler – string quartet, strings
 * Cam'ron – rap
 * David Campbell – string arrangements
 * Darius Campo – string quartet, strings
 * Shawn Carter – featured artist
 * Dana Jon Chappelle – engineer, vocal engineer
 * Susan Chatman – string quartet, strings
 * Andrew Chavez – assistant engineer
 * Lionel Cole – piano, synthesizer bass
 * Larry Corbett – cello
 * Bryan-Michael Cox – producer
 * Kenneth Crouch – bass, Fender Rhodes, keyboard
 * Damizza – producer
 * Melonie Daniels – background vocals
 * Vidal Davis – mixing
 * Mario Diaz de Leon – string quartet, strings
 * Joel Derouin – string quartet, strings
 * Vincent Dilorenzo – assistant engineer
 * DJ Vice – programming
 * Karen Dreyfus – viola
 * Jermaine Dupri – mixing, producer
 * Elizabeth Dyson – cello
 * Brian Frye – engineer
 * Matt Funes – viola
 * Kevin G. – engineer
 * Armen Garabedian – string quartet, strings
 * Paul Gregory – assistant engineer, engineer
 * Kevin Guarnieri – digital editing, engineer
 * Matt Gunes – viola
 * Mick Guzauski – mixing
 * Reggie Hamilton – bass
 * Dawn Hannay – viola
 * Andre Harris – mixing
 * David Ryan Harris – guitar
 * Steve Hodge – engineer, mixing
 * John Horesco IV – assistant
 * Randy Jackson – bass, bass guitar, percussion, producer
 * Jimmy Jam – guitar, instrumentation, producer
 * Eric Johnson – acoustic guitar
 * Just Blaze – instrumentation, producer
 * Suzie Katayama – cello, string contractor
 * Gimel "Young Guru" Katon – mixing
 * Steve Kempster – string mixing, track engineer
 * Peter Kent – string quartet, strings
 * Kevin G. – engineer
 * Ann Kim – violin
 * Lisa Kim – violin
 * Myung Hi Kim – violin
 * Melissa Kleinbart – violin
 * Soohyun Kwon – violin
 * Trevor Lawrence – drum programming
 * Jeanne LeBlanc – cello
 * John Lemkuhi – percussion, Sound design
 * Ken Lewis – mixing
 * Terry Lewis – guitar, instrumentation, producer
 * Liza Lim – violin
 * Trey Lorenz – background vocals
 * Bob Ludwig – mastering
 * Mario Deleon – strings
 * Rob Mathes – conductor, string arrangements
 * Jeremy McCoy – bass
 * Melanie Daniels – background vocals
 * Colin Miller – engineer
 * Ann Mincieli – assistant engineer
 * Tadd Mingo – assistant engineer
 * John D. Mitchell – drum programming
 * Bill Molina – engineer
 * Billy Odum – guitar
 * William Odum – guitar
 * Tim Olmstead – assistant engineer
 * Suzanne Ornstein – violin
 * Alyssa Park – string quartet, strings
 * Sara Parkins – string quartet, strings
 * John Patitucci – bass
 * Kelly Price – singing, background vocals
 * Michelle Richards – string quartet, strings
 * Steve Richards – cello, strings
 * Alexander Richbourg – drum programming, vocal programming
 * Robert Rinehart – viola
 * Tom Rosenthal – viola
 * Jeff Rothschild – assistant engineer
 * Laura Seaton – violin
 * 7 Aurelius – producer, programming
 * Andrew Sherman – piano
 * Jaime Sickora – assistant engineer
 * Dexter Simmons – mixing
 * Fiona Simon – violin
 * Carl "Butch" Small – percussion
 * John Smeltz – engineer, mixing
 * Dan Smith – cello, strings
 * Daniel Smith – cello
 * Xavier Smith – assistant, assistant engineer
 * Jay Spears – assistant engineer, digital editing
 * Brian Springer – engineer
 * Brian Sumner – assistant engineer
 * Phil Tan – engineer, mixing
 * Mary Ann Tatum – background vocals
 * Lesa Terry – string quartet, strings
 * Michael Thompson – guitar, classical guitar, steel guitar
 * Jeremy Turner – cello
 * German Villacorta – assistant engineer
 * Seth Waldman – assistant engineer
 * Evan Wilson – viola
 * John Wittenberg – string quartet, strings
 * Mary Wooten – cello
 * Jason Wormer – assistant engineer
 * James "Big Jim" Wright – producer
 * Sharon Yamada – violin
 * Jung Sun Yoo – violin
 * Bradley Yost – assistant engineer
 * Antony Zeller – assistant engineer

title: Charmbracelet


text:
Jubë

Jubë is a village in the Durrës County, western Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Durrës.

title: Jubë


text:
User talk:Trishkincade

Welcome!
Hello, Trishkincade. I see you've just created your User page. Welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Read the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
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 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
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Good luck! –Hajor

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

United Citizens Alliance
Hey, sorry for voting to delete on your page. Don't feel bad, perhaps in a couple of months when the organisation is running more smoothly come back and add it again. The article to me seems written on a very personal level and is very one sided. Perhaps next time just start with a stub? I am interested in the idea though :) - FrancisTyers 10:23, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey, you should recreate this page (probably best starting with a 2-3 paragraph stub) when the treaty is signed. Also Press Secretary eh, would a move to the USA be required? ;) - FrancisTyers 14:59, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

--- http://themothermoon.blogspot.com/2007/04/minerwen-tradition.html Trish Kincade is an Alias of Dirk Wolf, the founder of the United Citizens Alliance.

title: User talk:Trishkincade