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2001 French Open

The 2001 French Open was the second Grand Slam event of 2001 and the 100th edition of the French Open. It took place at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France, from late May through early June, 2001.

Men's singles
🇧🇷 Gustavo Kuerten defeated 🇪🇸 Àlex Corretja, 6–7(3–7), 7–5, 6–2, 6–0
 * It was Kuerten's 4th title of the year, and his 14th overall. It was his 3rd (and last) career Grand Slam title, and his 3rd French Open title.

Women's singles
🇺🇸 Jennifer Capriati defeated 🇧🇪 Kim Clijsters, 1–6, 6–4, 12–10
 * It was Capriati's 3rd title of the year, and her 12th overall. It was her 2nd career Grand Slam title, and her 1st French Open title.

Men's doubles
🇮🇳 Leander Paes / 🇮🇳 Mahesh Bhupathi defeated 🇨🇿 Petr Pála / 🇨🇿 Pavel Vízner, 7–6(7–5), 6–3

Women's doubles
🇪🇸 Virginia Ruano Pascual / 🇦🇷 Paola Suárez defeated Jelena Dokic / 🇪🇸 Conchita Martínez, 6–2, 6–1

Mixed doubles
🇪🇸 Virginia Ruano Pascual / 🇪🇸 Tomás Carbonell defeated 🇦🇷 Paola Suárez / 🇧🇷 Jaime Oncins, 7–5, 6–3

Boys' singles
🇪🇸 Carlos Cuadrado defeated 🇦🇷 Brian Dabul, 6–1, 6–0

Girls' singles
🇪🇪 Kaia Kanepi defeated 🇷🇺 Svetlana Kuznetsova, 6–3, 1–6, 6–2

Boys' doubles
🇨🇴 Alejandro Falla / 🇨🇴 Carlos Salamanca defeated 🇩🇪 Markus Bayer / 🇩🇪 Philipp Petzschner, 3–6, 7–5, 6–4

Girls' doubles
🇨🇿 Petra Cetkovská / 🇨🇿 Renata Voráčová defeated Neyssa Etienne / 🇩🇪 Annette Kolb, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3

title: 2001 French Open


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User talk:John2000

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Fenice 14:32, 5 January 2006 (UTC)
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john2000
I am a regular contributor and consumer of Wikipedia. Topics of interest include: software development methodologies, computer science, content management, etc.

Contact: john2000@iJSolve.com

update log
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_2_Platform%2C_Enterprise_Edition refined definition to more closely match intent of J2EE specifications.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_management_system#Types_of_CMS fixed copy-editing.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_service updated JAX-RPC, clarified usage of transport w.r.t. soap and xml.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/applet clarified definition of applet, made up-to-date.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterphone created article on the waterphone (musical instrument).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter_%28computing%29 removed pejorative remark against the "java community"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameter refined definition of parameter as used in mathematics.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameter_%28computer_science%29#Calling_conventions refined definition of call-by-reference, added call-by-address

Possible Ancestors
Pierre Prieur (c. 1626-1676) was a French enamel painter.

Pierre Louis Prieur (Prieur de la Marne) (August 1, 1756 - May 31, 1827) was a French politician.

Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois (December 2, 1763 - August 11, 1832), was a French engineer and a politician during the French Revolution and afterwards.

No Child Left Behind Act
So, where are the pro arguments? Rkevins82 05:07, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

JFSM
A template has been added to the article JFSM, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with db-author.

AfD nomination of Bias disorder
An editor has nominated Bias disorder, an article on which you have worked or that you created, for deletion. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "What Wikipedia is not").

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You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 01:59, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Plugpoint

The article Plugpoint has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "I can find no evidence of consistent established usage for this term. Searching Google for plugpoint API returns no results featuring this word, but pages using 'socket' instead; forcing it with +plugpoint API finds nothing. The page is an orphan (no articles link here), and attempted de-orphaning failed 4 years ago. Although this page has been tagged for nine months for transwiki to Wiktionary, I do not think it has valid content to be added there."

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:John2000


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yule Marble

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Sjakkalle (Check!)  14:26, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Yule Marble
Short orphaned article, seems to have no potential besides someday being merged with Marble. Delete Eliot 19:47, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - well, it appears to be Colorado's official state rock (don't the politicians have anything better to do than declare official rocks?) Average Earthman 20:41, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge... info should be included, but this article doesn't appear to have much potential for expansion, is solely a dictdef. Merge with Marble (and could include info in Colorado page too). UkPaolo 20:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Right, I've Googled. It was used for a memorial for some chap called Lincoln in some place called Washington D.C., and also the Tomb of the Unknowns in some cemetery in a place called Arlington. These sound at all interesting to you perhaps? Keep. Average Earthman 20:53, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable type of rock. Thanks Earthman. Kappa 21:18, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge Now that there's some good information coming in. Seems like this could quickly turn into an article about the Yule quarry rather than about the stone itself. Eliot 21:37, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. --Sn0wflake 23:21, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Well done Average Earthman for the rewrite. Capitalistroadster 01:17, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Earthman's rewrite. Notable rock. Megan1967 10:03, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep notable. JamesBurns 09:14, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - I like rocks. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:03, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Split tone

Split tones are a multiphonic effect on brass instruments. During normal play, the upper and lower lips will vibrate together at the same speed. If, however, the lips are set to vibrate at different speeds two pitches may be perceived. When not done intentionally, split tones are referred to pejoratively as "double buzzing".

Notation
In Keren by Iannis Xenakis, split tones are notated with two pitches sharing a stem. The lower note is in parentheses. Though the notation is not explained in the score, in another work from 1986, Jalons, Xenakis explains that the two notes should be produced with the lips and not with singing. Throughout Jalons, Xenakis uses split tones extensively in the woodwinds and trombone.

Usage
Split tones can sound similar to a technique called growling, in which additional noise is produced from the throat while playing. The double buzz is distinctly different in that all noise and vibrations are initiated by the embouchure.

Liza Lim makes extensive use of split tones in Ehwaz for trumpet and percussion. In the preface to the score, she states that split tones "tend to be unstable and prone to distortion," and, "it is expected that a degree of fluctuation or 'fraying' will occur in most split tones and this should be regarded as part of the overall timbral quality of the trumpet part."

Method
In a blog post for his Cologne-based ensemble musikFabrik, American trombonist Bruce Collings provided a basic method for producing split tones:

"In my experience, the best way to execute a split tone is to aim for the upper note, push the lower jaw a bit forwards and purse the lips a little more than normal. Out of the upper note a second, lower note should come out simultaneously. This note should be the next lower harmonic, so depending upon where you play it, it can be a different interval. F-B♭ in 1st position, F-C in F1 (or 6th position) or F-D♭ in F5 (V) position with the valve."

Treatment
When split tones occur unintentionally, they are referred to as double buzzing. This phenomenon is widely understood to occur due to fatigue. David Hickman writes "In most cases, double buzzes occur because of sore or bruised lips. This causes the player to tilt the mouthpiece unconsciously at an abnormal angle to relieve pressure on the sore area. In these cases rest over several days is the best remedy."

A double buzz results from an uneven balance of pressure between the upper and lower lips. Tilting the horn either up or down will balance the pressure. Others suggest focusing on producing a clear tone on the mouthpiece only. It can be helpful to experiment with the double buzz and learn to produce it on demand. Learning to control it may help in learning to "turn it off" during regular playing.

A completely different approach, favored by pedagogue William Adam and others, is for a student to not pay any attention to the physical aspects of the phenomenon and focus only on producing a clear, focused sound on the instrument.

title: Split tone


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Nancy St. Alban

Nancy St. Alban is an American actress.

Born as Nancy Worrell Franklin, she grew up in Baltimore as one of eight siblings. A ballet dancer since the age of seven, St. Alban attended the Baltimore Actors' Theatre Conservatory, a small private high school for the arts. She later graduated from Syracuse University with a BFA in musical theatre.

Prior to joining the cast of Guiding Light in October 2000 in the role of Michelle Bauer Santos, St. Alban appeared in over 50 commercials, as well as in the CBS Hallmark Hall of Fame television movie, Durango (1999). She also recently appeared in the independent feature, Some Fish Could Fly, (1999). Her theater credits include Chicago, Kiss Me, Kate, Crimes of the Heart and Verona Wall.

St. Alban and her husband, photographer Chris Puleo have been married since November 14, 1998; they have two daughters, Frankie and Lucie, and a son Jamie.

title: Nancy St. Alban


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Reginald Wightman

Reginald Frederick Wightman (May 28, 1899 – January 23, 1981) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal-Progressive from 1949 to 1958.

Wightman was born in Nesbitt, Manitoba. He was educated at Manitoba University, which later became the University of Manitoba. He worked as a pharmacist, and was the owner and operator of several pharmacies in the Winnipeg area. He began his political career at the municipal level, serving as chair of the St. James School Board for four years, and as a councillor for six years. Wightman became Mayor of St. James in 1945, and continued to serve as the mayor of the suburb even after his election to the provincial legislature. In 1928, he married Alice Maud Thring.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1949 provincial election, defeating incumbent Cooperative Commonwealth Federation MLA Ernest R. Draffin by 1,214 votes in the constituency of Assiniboia. He was re-elected in the 1953 election, defeating CCF challenger Alvin Mackling by 281 votes. Wightman was a backbench supporter of Douglas Campbell's government during his time in the legislature.

The Liberal-Progressives lost power following the 1958 provincial election, following a large-scale electoral redistribution. Wightman was defeated in the redistributed constituency of St. James, losing to Progressive Conservative Douglas Stanes by 476 votes.

Wightman returned to municipal politics after his provincial defeat. In 1969, he became the first finance committee chair of the new city of St. James–Assiniboia.

He died in Winnipeg at the age of 81.

His son, Reginald C. Wightman, is also a public figure in Winnipeg.

title: Reginald Wightman


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Glanton

Glanton is a small rural village, in the county of Northumberland, England. Agriculture dominates the surrounding area.

Governance
Glanton is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed. As a district, it is a part of the unitary authority of Northumberland.

Landmarks
The Devil's Causeway passes the eastern edge of the village. The causeway was a Roman road which started at Port Gate on Hadrian's Wall, north of Corbridge, and extended 55 mi northwards across Northumberland to the mouth of the River Tweed at Berwick-upon-Tweed.

Notable people

 * Hugh Trevor-Roper, Lord Dacre of Glanton, historian

title: Glanton


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Chase Stevens

Chase Bradley Stevens (born January 17, 1979) is an American professional wrestler, best known under the ring name of "The Natural" Chase Stevens. He is known primarily for his work in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he was a member of The Naturals alongside his tag team partner Andy Douglas.

Professional wrestling career
In high school, Chase Stevens was a Golden Gloves boxing champion. After attending a professional wrestling training session, in order to watch a friend, Stevens decided to become a wrestler and joined the training school. After several weeks, veteran wrestler Tracy Smothers took him under his wing and became his trainer and mentor. Stevens debuted in 1998 under a mask as "Glacius", losing to fellow trainee Johnny B. Dazzled.

Stevens found a niche as a tag team specialist, teaming with Blaze as "High Velocity" and Cassidy O'Reilly as "The Hotshots". The latter team appeared with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling in July 2002, and were given full-time contracts. The team split when Reilly left TNA due to travel problems, and Stevens was sent to USA Championship Wrestling for seasoning.

In USA Championship Wrestling Stevens was placed in a tag team with Andy Douglas by Bob Ryder. While on a fishing trip they chose the name "Natural Heat", which was later shortened to "The Naturals". The Naturals became a pair of sneaky, cheating villains.

The Naturals began working for Jerry Lawler's Memphis Wrestling promotion in 2003, where they were renamed "The Alternative Express". The Alternative Express - a gothic pair of rock fans who wore black clothing and recolored their hair and fingernails - were managed by The Goddess Athena.

The Naturals (2003–2006)
The Naturals were brought into TNA in late 2003, immediately beginning a lengthy feud with America's Most Wanted. In the course of the feud, they defeated America's Most Wanted for the NWA World Tag Team Championship on July 7, 2004. The Naturals successfully defended their titles against Triple X, but were eventually beaten by Chris Harris and Elix Skipper (one member of each team) on September 8, 2004.

In 2005, The Naturals formed an alliance with Chris Candido, who also became their manager. On April 26, they defeated America's Most Wanted to become NWA World Tag Team Champions for a second time. The sudden death of Candido two days later led to a surge in popularity for The Naturals, eventually turning them into fan favorites.

On June 19, 2005 at Slammiversary, The Naturals were assisted in a title defence against Team Canada by Jimmy Hart. They were managed by Hart throughout mid-2005, with their reign ending on the October 22 episode of TNA Impact!. Then they lost to America's Most Wanted following interference from Jeff Jarrett and Gail Kim. They were defeated by AMW in their rematch at Bound for Glory on October 23, again following interference from Kim.

During the October 25 Impact! tapings, Stevens injured his neck after landing badly during a match. He was diagnosed as having suffered an avulsion fracture of his C5 and C6 vertebrae, in addition to herniating his C4 vertebra (described by TNA as the "mildest form of trauma associated with a broken neck"). The injury did not require surgery, and Stevens returned for Genesis on November 13, teaming with Douglas and Lance Hoyt in a loss to the Diamonds in the Rough.

In April 2006, Stevens began a bit of singles work in light of his partner being injured by Scott Steiner. Stevens' singles run did not go overly well, as he was unable to post a victory in any of his competitions, losing to Samoa Joe twice, Abyss once, and losing an Xscape match at Lockdown 2006.

In June 2006, Stevens and Douglas began to be managed by the returning Shane Douglas after he approached them, asking to be their manager. The duo accepted his offer and were shown "training" in several vignettes which aired on Impact!.

Newly Franchised (2006–2007)
At Victory Road, The Naturals returned in brand new black and yellow attire (to replace their black and pink attire) and were managed by Shane Douglas. They were called 'The Newly Franchised Naturals', in reference to Shane's nickname 'The Franchise', and beat The Diamonds In The Rough. On the August 17 edition of Impact!, Stevens defeated Chris Harris, Frankie Kazarian and B.G. James to win a tag team championship shot for him and Andy. Shane took their tag title match away from them after they lost a match on Impact! to teach them a lesson. They then won a Tag Team "Triple Chance" Battle Royal the following month at No Surrender. This suggested that their push that had been going for several months would finally conclude with them getting a tag title shot at Bound for Glory, but they ended up losing a Four Corners match on the undercard of the show, not even getting the title shot. The Naturals then began a feud with Team 3D and defeated them in a Tables match on TNA's primetime debut. Then it started speculation that the storyline would once again get better for The Naturals, but then on the December 21 episode of Impact!, Shane turned his back on The Naturals after they lost the second Tables match to Team 3D, saying "This experiment is over".

Stevens wrestled Lance Hoyt at Final Resolution on January 14, 2007. He lost the match, which led to Shane coming out asking why he was wearing the Franchised gear, when he said the experiment was over. This led to Stevens shoving him, with security separating the two. On May 10 both Stevens and Douglas were released from their contracts.

Sporadic appearances (2013–2022)
Stevens returned to TNA on March 17, 2013 as he took part in 10 man Battle Royal which featured TNA Wrestlers from the past and present, the match was won by Matt Morgan. On March 18, 2013, The Hot Shots (Cassidy Riley and Chase Stevens) were defeated by the Aces & Eights (Wes Brisco and Garett Bischoff) in the first round of the TNA Tag Team Tournament. At Slammiversary, on June 19, 2022, Stevens made an unannounced appearance as a participant in the Reverse Battle Royal, which he failed to win as he was eliminated by Shera.

World Wrestling Entertainment / WWE (2007–2008, 2012)
Stevens alongside his Naturals partner, Andy Douglas, were originally going to receive a try-out match for World Wrestling Entertainment at a Raw taping in September 2007, but was cancelled when Douglas posted the tryout information on his Myspace without WWE's permission.

Stevens later appeared on the March 21, 2008 edition of WWE SmackDown, alongside his Naturals partner Andy Douglas, fighting in a losing effort to the Big Show. He made another appearance on the September 16, 2008 edition of ECW, losing to Jack Swagger and again the next week against Mike Knox.

Stevens was in attendance for a tryout at the March 12, 2012 WWE RAW SuperShow in Cleveland. The next day, on March 13, 2012, Stevens wrote on his Twitter page that he was backstage in Columbus for the SmackDown tapings, saying he was as ready as he will ever be.

Independent circuit (2007–present)
Stevens returned to wrestle on the southeast independent circuit with Naturals partner Andy Douglas. He has wrestled in many organizations such as Showtime All-Star Wrestling, United States Wrestling Organization, United Wrestling Association and The Jerry Lawler Tribute Show where he and Andy Douglas defeated Big Bully Douglas and Seven. In late 2008 Andy Douglas turned on Stevens while Stevens teamed with Arrick Andrews and Nikki Vaughn in a tag team match against the A-Team thus Douglas aligned himself with The A-Team joining TNA Alumni, David Young and Rick Santel. This created a bitter rivalry between the two spanning over a year long and culminating in several matches, until Andy's retirement in early 2010. Chase Stevens is a former SAW International Heavyweight Champion, a championship he won from Kid Kash on the same night Andy Douglas and himself, had their final war. He lost the title to Phill Shatter.

On September 28, 2012, Stevens defeated Matt Hardy in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee at KFW Black Harvest 2012. On October 20, 2012, Stevens defeated John Skyler, Jon Malus and Sixx at WrestleForce Fall Brawl 3: All Or Nothing to win the WrestleForce Championship.

On November 3, 2012, at Crossfire Wrestling's TV Taping The Hot Shots (Cassidy Riley and Chase Stevens) defeated Diamonds in the Rough (David Young and Sigmon) in Nashville, Tennessee.

On May 17, 2013, at WrestleForce Revenge Stevens teamed with TNA Superstars Crimson, D.O.C and Gunner defeating Team WrestleForce Brady Pierce, Cedric Alexander, John Skyler and Jon Malus.

On May 30, 2014, Stevens participated in a match for the UCW (Universal Championship Wrestling) Heavyweight title in a street fight, but lost the match. He faced Rhyno after "The Headliner" Chris Michaels was a no-show.

On June 14, 2013, Stevens challenged Rob Conway for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship at the NWA SAW Gathering of the Champions event, the match ended in a draw after time had expired. In 2014, Chase Stevens participated in a Triple Threat Match in Puerto Rico for the Entertainment Wrestling Organization's (EWO) World Championship against Dameon Slugga and Mike Piconose, during EWO's "Renacer" (Reborn) event, where Stevens successfully captured the championship. On May 11, 2015, Stevens was announced as part of the roster for the Global Force Wrestling (GFW) promotion.

Acting career
Stevens appeared in the film Chained: Code 207 alongside TNA wrestler Crimson and OVW wrestler Ryan Howe.

Championships and accomplishments

 * American Pro Wrestling Alliance
 * APWA World Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with Bobby Shields, Christian York, Jock Samson and The Stro (1) and Damon Divine (1)
 * Big Bad Wrestling
 * BBW Championship (1 time)
 * BBW 24/7 Championship (1 time)
 * BBW Tag Team Championship (2 times)
 * Birchfield Promotions
 * BPW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Andy Douglas
 * Battle Zone Wrestling
 * BZW Tag Team Championship (1 time)
 * Coastal Championship Wrestling
 * CCW International Championship (1 time, current)
 * Entertainment Wrestling Organization
 * EWO World Championship (1 time)
 * Great Championship Wrestling
 * GCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Andy Douglas
 * Hardcore Wrestling Federation
 * HWF Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
 * International Wrestling Association
 * IWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Andy Douglas
 * New South Championship Wrestling
 * New South Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * North American Wrestling Alliance
 * NAWA Championship (1 time, current)
 * Hercules Cup (2020)
 * NWA Florida
 * NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Omni Pro Wrestling
 * Omni Pro Mid-South Championship (1 time)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * PWI ranked him #90 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2005
 * Remix Pro Wrestling
 * Remix Pro Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Showtime All-Star Wrestling
 * SAW International Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * SmashMouth Pro Wrestling
 * SPW North American Championship (1 time)
 * Totally Lethal Wrestling
 * TLW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Andy Douglas
 * Tri-State International Wrestling Association
 * TSIWA Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
 * TSIWA Tag Team Championship (1 time)
 * Ultimate Championship Wrestling
 * UCW Southern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * USA Championship Wrestling
 * USACW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * USACW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Andy Douglas
 * United Wrestling Association
 * UWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * United States Wrestling Organization
 * USWO Heavyweight Championship (3 time)
 * Wrestle Birmingham
 * Wrestle Birmingham Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * WrestleForce
 * WrestleForce Championship (1 time)

title: Chase Stevens


text:
Talk:Wole Soyinka

Nobel Prize
Didn't Naguib Mahfouz win a Nobel? Technically, Egypt is Africa, right? maybe say "Subsaharan Africa"? dvyost 17:53, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Wole Soyinka was the first African to win it, in 1986. Mahfouz won it in 1988. And Nadine Gordimer won it in the 90's.--62.6.139.10 10:14, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Now "the first sub-Saharan African to be honoured in that category" seems to imply that there were other Africans awarded before him. I didn't check the official Nobel website, but this Wikipedia page (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African_Nobel_laureates) only has Albert Camus and Claude Simon before him, both of whom are French [respectively Algeria- and Madagascar-born]. DylanLow108 (talk) 14:28, 25 May 2024 (UTC)

Question
Does anyone know why Soyinka chose to teach at UNLV? Teaching in Las Vegas seems like an odd choice for him, and surely many of the top universities worldwide would love to have him on their faculties. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.232.225.156 (talk • contribs) 02:07, 20 May 2006

 * Well to my own knowledg i beleive that prof. Wole Soyinka is one of the most talented prof. in the world and he is one that like to study and lecture more about literature and english....well i have seen most of his poems and his dramers ,well they are just so wounderful and nice to read and to watch....... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.190.249.61 (talk • contribs) 07:18, 15 June 2006

Education
"He then studied at the University College, Ibadan (1952-1954)where he founded the pyrates confraternity (an anti-corruption and justice seeking Student organization) and the University of Leeds (1954-1957) from which he received an First class honours degree in English Literature." I'm pretty sure Soyinka got a 2:1 from Leeds. Can't find a source but I'm a leeds student myself and I remember being surprised and encouraged to see that one of the English department's most famous sons didn't in fact get a first. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.157.239.6 (talk) 21:56, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I can find no evidence that he got a first. Most of the sources and biographies just say he graduated with honours. I have removed it for now until details can be sourced. Span (talk) 22:19, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

Prisonettes
Ian Bogost tells a somewaht compelling story about Soyinka's time in prison and writing short poems called Prisonettes, limited by the conditions of his confinement. See his post about it. Does anyone have a reliable source on this? Should we mention it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Barraponto (talk • contribs) 04:30, 20 October 2012 (UTC)

Nobel Prize for Literature
I feel that the addition to the significance of his Nobel Prize is a must-add. Like the author of the cited source says, it is "thoroughly deserved."NestleNW911 (talk) 23:22, 3 April 2013 (UTC)

The Diaspora
The introduction mentions "the diaspora". This is vague and most people aren't going to know which "diaspora" is being described. My best guess is the refers to a diaspora of black people out of Africa. This term needs to be qualified to tell the reader what diaspora is being referred to.

2001:470:E962:1:9172:BC5B:53BC:411C (talk) 23:09, 1 October 2013 (UTC)

Legacy and honours
In 2008, Wole Soyinka was invited to serve as a mentor for the Rolex Mentor and Protégé Arts Initiative, an international philanthropic programme that pairs masters in their disciplines with emerging talents for a year of one-to-one creative exchange. Out of a very gifted field of candidates, Soyinka chose Tara June Winch as his protégée. — Preceding unsigned comment added by RMP2014 (talk • contribs) 13:22, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

Personal life
Is he married? what kind of lifestyle does he live? Bobby shabangu  talk  20:50, 3 August 2014 (UTC)

Oxford academic
As far as I can tell, he has never held any appointment at the University of Oxford and so ought not to be in. This detailed profile doesn't mention teaching at Oxford (although it does mention Cambridge, Harvard, Yale and Cornell). He gave Oxford's 2014 African Studies Annual Lecture but that's not enough to put him within the category (because people aren't categorised according to venues or institutions at which they've given a lecture). If no-one can find something to show that he has held an academic appointment at Oxford then I'll remove the category again. BencherliteTalk 19:48, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Wole Soyinka. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20060103224626/http://www.tribune.com.ng:80/271105/news05.htm to http://www.tribune.com.ng/271105/news05.htm

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110410092723/http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/anglophone/soyinka.html to http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/anglophone/soyinka.html

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External link linkfarm
I removed this set from the EL section:

 * Maya Jaggi, "Profile: Ousting monsters", The Guardian, 2 November 2002
 * Uchenna Izundu, "Inspiring Nigeria's political dawns", BBC, September 2007.
 * Amy Goodman, "Legendary Nigerian Writer Wole Soyinka: Darfur Crisis 'A Blot on the Conscience of the World'", Democracy Now! 18 April 2006.
 * Amy Goodman, "Legendary Nigerian Writer Wole Soyinka on Oil in the Niger Delta, the Effect of Iraq on Africa and His New Memoir", Democracy Now! 18/19 April 2006.
 * Dave Gilson, "Wole Soyinka: Running to Stand Still", Mother Jones, July/August 2006.
 * Paul Brians, "Study guide for The Lion and the Jewel, The Trials of Brother Jero, and Madmen and Specialists", Washington State University.
 * "The Climate of Fear", Soyinka's Reith Lectures, BBC, 2004.
 * Uzor Maxim Uzoatu, " The Essential Soyinka", African Writing Online, No. 7.
 * "Wole Soyinka - Ake: The Years of Childhood", World Book Club, BBC World Service, 29 May 2007.
 * Martin Banham, "Wole Soyinka: an appreciation", Leeds African Studies Bulletin, 45 (November 1986), pp. 1–2.
 * Archival material at

Most of these are further reading where, seen the size, referencing and the further reading section of the article, I doubt that most add significant data. However, some may be useful as an additional reference. --Dirk Beetstra T C 09:57, 13 February 2020 (UTC)

LGBT
It should be noted he supports LGBT rights in Nigeria and Africa in general and opposed the 2014 anti homosexuality law in Nigeria Nlivataye (talk) 11:17, 29 September 2020 (UTC)

Albert Camus
@Ymblanter Albert Camus was a French colonialist known as a Pieds-Noir. They never assimilated into the native culture of Algeria because they viewed themselves as superior. The term “indigenous” was only given to the native Muslim inhabitants of Algeria because the Pieds-Noirs were seen as French, not African. Albert Camus and other Pieds-Noirs have always been described as French people. For this same reason, Rudyard Kipling was not an Indian or Asian. Kuing5 (talk) 22:12, 26 November 2021 (UTC)
 * The current version says "first sub-Saharan African". This is correct and universally accepted by reliable sources. Replacing it by something which sonme sources believe is correct and others thik it is POV is not appropriate.--Ymblanter (talk) 22:17, 26 November 2021 (UTC)

Civic education
Who is wole soyinka wife name 105.112.190.113 (talk) 11:40, 24 September 2022 (UTC)

Religion
On Sunday, 20th November, 2022; during a public presentation of his two-volume collection of essays, Soyinka disclosed his religion as Mythologist from his statement which reads: “Do I really need one (religion)? I have never felt I needed one. I am a mythologist. “But religion? No, I don’t worship any deity. But I consider deities as creatively real and therefore my companions in my journey in both the real world and the imaginative world,” he said. Maibadali (talk) 02:37, 22 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wole Soyinka


text:
Sutton, Ontario

Sutton is a suburban community located nearly 2 km south of Lake Simcoe in Ontario, Canada. The community was formerly a village but is now part of the Town of Georgina after amalgamation with it and North Gwillimbury in 1971. The Black River runs on the north end of the downtown. Highway 48 goes just south of the downtown. Sutton has a population of just over 6,000 people. Sutton is located about 1 hour north of Toronto.

Sutton has a population of 5,938 (2011), which is a -1.4% decrease since 2006.

Geography
Sutton is located in the Regional Municipality of York, and is situated around a small river, the Black River, that flows from the south and East. Sutton is passed by a road linking Woodbine Avenue and the highway linking Toronto and Beaverton (Highway 48) forming a T junction to the southeast. The nearest superhighway is Highway 404 to the southwest which was extended to reach Keswick, Ontario in 2014 at Ravenshoe road and Woodbine Ave. Woodbine Avenue runs from Steeles Avenue at the Toronto-Markham border all the way to Lake drive in Georgina when the road curves and turns into Baseline Road. The road known as Baseline Road connects Sutton to Keswick. Sutton was once bounded with the old township of North Gwillimbury to the west. From the amalgamation, Sutton is in the central part of Georgina. The Canadian National rail runs south of Sutton and links with Toronto and Orillia as well as Northern Ontario. Sutton is located E of Keswick, about 25 to 30 km SW of Beaverton, S of Orillia, W of Lindsay, about 12 to 15 km N of Mount Albert, about 70 to 75 km N of Toronto and about 35 km NE of Newmarket.

Sutton is sandwiched between forests and farmlands. A large forest dominates the south and southeast covering about 50 to 100 km2 directly outside Sutton. The forest are mainly made up of pine and other varieties of trees. Farmlands cover the west and southwest dominating about 50 km2 and to the east. The downtown streets are aligned at a 45° angle. Snake Island is situated to the northwest. A small bay is to the northeast.

Housing developments came in the mid-20th century to the northern part and continued slowly until the 1980s. The subdivision 2 km to the east continued in the 1980s and the early-1990s whereas each street is alphabetized from A to L. Housing projects later slowed in the 1990s and the 2000s and the population has slowed. Cottages are also found in the area located along the shore of Lake Simcoe.

History
The first inhabitants were Aboriginal people, as Sutton was a rich area for hunting, fishing, and gathering thousands of years ago.

James O'Brien Bourchier was the first settler in 1821 and built saw and grist mills. The community was originally named Bourchier's Mills, but was renamed Sutton West in 1885, possibly after Sutton-on-Hull in East Yorkshire. However, it's usually called just Sutton.

Sibbald Point Provincial Park
Sibbald Point Provincial Park is a day use and campground facility, with a large sandy beach, electrical and non-electrical sites, hiking trails, boating access to Lake Simcoe, and the Sibbald Family Museum.

Pioneer Village
Located near the shore of Lake Simcoe, the Pioneer Village is a 10-acre space with many buildings to teach the history of Georgina between the years of 1850 and 1920. There is a one-room school house, general store, train station, blacksmith shop, an apothecary and a log house. They also have many archives including family documents, land records, photos, and scrapbooks. The Pioneer village holds tours, camps, workshops, and other events throughout the season. Admission is granted by donation unless specified for a certain event.

Beaches
Sutton is home to many beaches including De La Salle Park, Holmes Point Park, Jackson's Point/Bonnie Park, North Gwillimbury Park, Willow Beach Conservation Area, Willow Wharf, and Young's Harbour. These areas are extremely popular in the summer months, attracting tourism, holding sports, activities and events.

Sutton Fair and Horse Show
The Sutton Fair & Horse Show is an annual event that takes place at the fairgrounds located near the Sutton arena. The four-day event on the second weekend in August is put on by the Sutton Agricultural Society. The Sutton Fair is held at the Sutton Fair Grounds which are located at 3 Fairpark Lane, in Sutton West, Ontario, Canada. Sutton is located in York Region, Ontario, just north of Toronto. The event grounds are available for rental during the rest of the year. The location offers parking onsite, 2 pavilions, 3 horse rings (1 dirt and 2 grass rings), race track, outdoor stage, ticket booths, barricades/gates and more. The fair contains a variety of events including Horse & Livestock Competitions, Home craft Exhibits, Truck & Tractor Pull, Dog Show, Horse Pull, Demolition Derby, Worlds Finest Midway. Arena displays and vendors set up all around the premises are sure to have something that will catch your eye.

Canada Day
With the new ROC (Recreational Outdoors Centre), Canada Day festivities are held in a much larger and accommodating space. Live entertainment, children's activities, food, Ribfest, and fireworks are the main attractions.

Santa Claus Parade of Lights
The annual Santa Clause Parade of Lights takes place beginning at 5pm to makes Christmas lights shine on the floats. The parade begins at Lake Drive East and Dalton Road and ends at the Sutton Fairgrounds.

Notable People
Ailish Forfar, former professional women's hockey player for the Markham Thunder of the CWHL and represented Canada on the international stage at the 2019 Winter Universiade. She is now a host on Sportsnet and the Sportsnet Radio Network.

Nearest places

 * Keswick, west
 * Mount Albert, south
 * Pefferlaw, east
 * Jackson's Point, north
 * Beaverton, east

title: Sutton, Ontario


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Safety trial

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Eugene van der Pijll 18:10, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Safety trial
The entire text of this article is: "A safety trial is when a nuclear bomb is exploded on purpose without almost any release of nuclear energy." Although I am not an expert, I believe this is both incomplete and inaccurate. Anyway, information about the safety testing procedures for nuclear weapons ought to be in the nuclear weapon article, not a separate article. Russ Blau (talk) 19:54, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A 'safety trial' can be a wide range of things, the vast majority of which do not involve the detonation of nuclear bombs. Average Earthman 20:39, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete article is very vague, as above safety trial can cover a host of meaning. Article is very incomplete and misleading. UkPaolo 20:47, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Chase Stevens

Updating Information
Hello. My Name is Ashley Anderson. I am Chase Steven's PR Agent. I am working on behalf of Chase Stevens. I need to have the default photograph updated immediately. I need to update it myself or have the owner of this article (mshaker3) contact me as soon as possible for updates. Thanks in advance. Fiestychaos14@gmail.com — Preceding unsigned comment added by Fiestychaos14 (talk • contribs) 22:22, 23 July 2013 (UTC) Information and photos have been updated :) A.Anderson 7-23-2013 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.87.25.134 (talk) 23:33, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Chase Stevens


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Category:Studebaker

 * The former Studebaker Motor Company
 * Later the Studebaker-Packard Corporation, also defunct now.

title: Category:Studebaker


text:
Paragraph 175 (film)

Paragraph 175 is a 2000 documentary film, directed by Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman, and narrated by Rupert Everett. The film was produced by Rob Epstein, Jeffrey Friedman, Janet Cole, Michael Ehrenzweig, Sheila Nevins and Howard Rosenman.

Summary
The film chronicles the lives of several gay men and one lesbian who were persecuted by the Nazis. The gay men were arrested by the Nazis for the crime of homosexuality under Paragraph 175, the sodomy provision of the German penal code, dating back to 1871. Between 1933 and 1945, 100,000 men were arrested under Paragraph 175. Some were imprisoned, others were sent to concentration camps. Only about 4,000 survived.

In 2000, fewer than ten of these men were known to be living. Five come forward in the documentary to tell their stories for the first time, considered to be among the last untold stories of the Third Reich.

Paragraph 175 tells of a gap in the historical record and reveals the lasting consequences, as told through personal stories of gay men and women who lived through it, including: Karl Gorath; Gad Beck, the Jewish resistance fighter who spent the war helping refugees escape Berlin; Annette Eick, a Jewish lesbian who escaped to England with the help of a woman she loved; Albrecht Becker, German Christian photographer, who was arrested and imprisoned for homosexuality, then joined the army on his release because he "wanted to be with men"; and Pierre Seel, the Alsatian teenager, who watched as his lover was eaten alive by dogs in the camps.

Awards

 * Teddy Award for best documentary film, 2000

title: Paragraph 175 (film)


text:
User talk:Fryderyk Francois Chopin

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Soundguy99 19:55, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Air properties
In addition to the "Welcome" I posted above, I'm writing to (regretfully) inform you that I am not sure that your article on Air properties can be used here as it may be a violation of copyright. While it is from a U.S. government website that seems to have no specific copyright notice attached, there is a single person listed as its original author. Accordingly, I have replaced the text with a "Copyright violation" notice and listed the article at Copyright problems in order to get more informed and experienced input from other editors. Please don't take this personally; as Wikipedia is licensed for use under the GFDL it is very important that we not have copywritten material or images here. I may very well turn out to be wrong; if you feel that I am incorrect, please find the article's listing at Copyright problems and you can comment there. Again, welcome to Wikipedia; I hope you stick around and continue to contribute here. Soundguy99 20:20, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fryderyk Francois Chopin


text:
2001 Australian Open

The 2001 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Melbourne Park in Melbourne in Australia. It was the 89th edition of the Australian Open and was held from 15 through 28 January 2001.

Men's singles
🇺🇸 Andre Agassi defeated 🇫🇷 Arnaud Clément 6–4, 6–2, 6–2
 * It was Agassi's 7th career Grand Slam title and his 3rd Australian Open title.

Women's singles
🇺🇸 Jennifer Capriati defeated Martina Hingis 6–4, 6–3
 * It was Capriati's 1st career Grand Slam title and her 1st Australian Open title.

Men's doubles
🇸🇪 Jonas Björkman / 🇦🇺 Todd Woodbridge defeated Byron Black / 🇩🇪 David Prinosil 6–1, 5–7, 6–4, 6–4
 * It was Björkman's 3rd career Grand Slam title and his 3rd Australian Open title. It was Woodbridge's 18th career Grand Slam title and his 4th Australian Open title.

Women's doubles
🇺🇸 Serena Williams / 🇺🇸 Venus Williams defeated 🇺🇸 Lindsay Davenport / 🇺🇸 Corina Morariu 6–2, 2–6, 6–4
 * It was Serena Williams's 7th career Grand Slam title and her 1st Australian Open title. It was Venus Williams's 8th career Grand Slam title and her 2nd Australian Open title.

Mixed doubles
🇺🇸 Corina Morariu / Ellis Ferreira defeated 🇦🇹 Barbara Schett / 🇦🇺 Joshua Eagle 6–1, 6–3
 * It was Morariu's 2nd and last career Grand Slam title and her only Australian Open title. It was Ferreira's 2nd and last career Grand Slam title and his 2nd Australian Open title.

Boys' singles
Janko Tipsarević defeated Wang Yeu-tzuoo 3–6, 7–5, 6–0

Girls' singles
Jelena Janković defeated 🇸🇪 Sofia Arvidsson 6–2, 6–1

Boys' doubles
🇺🇸 Ytai Abougzir / 🇦🇷 Luciano Vitullo defeated 🇨🇦 Frank Dancevic / 🇪🇨 Giovanni Lapentti 6–4, 7–6 (7–5)

Girls' doubles
🇨🇿 Petra Cetkovská / 🇨🇿 Barbora Strýcová defeated 🇷🇺 Anna Bastrikova / 🇷🇺 Svetlana Kuznetsova 7–6 (7–3), 1–6, 6–4

Men's doubles

 * 🇦🇺 John Fitzgerald / 🇦🇺 Wally Masur defeated 🇦🇺 Darren Cahill / 🇦🇺 Brad Drewett, 6–2, 6–4,

Mixed doubles

 * 🇦🇺 Nicole Bradtke / 🇦🇺 Tony Roche defeated 🇦🇺 Elizabeth Smylie / 🇺🇸 Stan Smith, 2–6, 6–2, 7–5

Men's singles

 * 1) 🇧🇷 Gustavo Kuerten (second round, lost to Greg Rusedski)
 * 2) 🇷🇺 Marat Safin (fourth round, lost to Dominik Hrbatý)
 * 3) 🇺🇸 Pete Sampras (fourth round, lost to Todd Martin)
 * 4) 🇷🇺 Yevgeny Kafelnikov (quarterfinals, lost to Arnaud Clément)
 * 5) 🇸🇪 Magnus Norman (fourth round, lost to Sébastien Grosjean)
 * 6) 🇺🇸 Andre Agassi (champion)
 * 7) 🇦🇺 Lleyton Hewitt (third round, lost to Carlos Moyá)
 * 8) 🇬🇧 Tim Henman (fourth round, lost to Patrick Rafter)
 * 9) 🇪🇸 Juan Carlos Ferrero (second round, lost to Andrew Ilie)
 * 10)  Wayne Ferreira (third round, lost to Andreas Vinciguerra)
 * 11) 🇦🇷 Franco Squillari (second round, lost to Daniel Nestor)
 * 12) 🇦🇺 Patrick Rafter (semifinals, lost to Andre Agassi)
 * 13) 🇫🇷 Cédric Pioline (third round, lost to Todd Martin)
 * 14) 🇸🇰 Dominik Hrbatý (quarterfinals, lost to Patrick Rafter)
 * 15) 🇫🇷 Arnaud Clément (final, lost to Andre Agassi)
 * 16) 🇫🇷 Sébastien Grosjean (semifinal, lost to Arnaud Clément)

Women's singles

 * 1)  Martina Hingis (final, lost to Jennifer Capriati)
 * 2) 🇺🇸 Lindsay Davenport (semifinals, lost to Jennifer Capriati)
 * 3) 🇺🇸 Venus Williams (semifinals, lost to Martina Hingis)
 * 4) 🇺🇸 Monica Seles (quarterfinals, lost to Jennifer Capriati)
 * 5) 🇪🇸 Conchita Martínez (second round, lost to Emmanuelle Gagliardi)
 * 6) 🇺🇸 Serena Williams (quarterfinals, lost to Martina Hingis)
 * 7) 🇫🇷 Mary Pierce (third round, lost to Paola Suárez)
 * 8) 🇷🇺 Anna Kournikova (quarterfinals, lost to Lindsay Davenport)
 * 9) 🇷🇺 Elena Dementieva (third round, lost to Dája Bedáňová)
 * 10)  Amanda Coetzer (quarterfinals, lost to Venus Williams)
 * 11) 🇺🇸 Chanda Rubin (first round, lost to Janette Husárová)
 * 12) 🇺🇸 Jennifer Capriati (champion)
 * 13) 🇫🇷 Amélie Mauresmo (fourth round, lost to Venus Williams)
 * 14) 🇫🇷 Sandrine Testud (third round, lost to Justine Henin)
 * 15) 🇧🇪 Kim Clijsters (fourth round, lost to Lindsay Davenport)
 * 16) 🇺🇸 Amy Frazier (second round, lost to Rita Grande)

title: 2001 Australian Open


text:
Jan van der Crabben

Jan van der Crabben (born 1964) is a Belgian baritone singer.

Born in 1964 in Genk, Belgium, van der Crabben studied music at the Etterbeek Academy under the direction of Aquiles Delle Vigne and subsequently at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels. He has performed in Belgium and internationally and has worked such as Pierre Bartholomée, Shalev Ad-El, Andrew Lawrence-King, and Alexander Rahbari. He has recorded multiple CDs of the baroque and classical music of Johann Sebastian Bach, Willem de Fesch, George Frideric Händel, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Franz Schubert, and others.

He has regularly collaborated in the field of historically informed performance with Sigiswald Kuijken's La Petite Bande. In 2005 he appeared with them in a concert of Bach cantatas at the Rheingau Musik Festival in the Eibingen Abbey, together with Siri Thornhill, Petra Noskaiová and Christoph Genz. He recorded in 2000 Bach's four short Missae with Patrick Peire and the Capella Brugensis.

He was awarded prizes for best "Interpretation of a French Song" and best "Contemporary Music" at the 1990 Concours International d'Oratorio et de Lied in Clermont-Ferrand and was a semi-finalist at the 1996 Queen Elisabeth Music Competition in Brussels.

title: Jan van der Crabben


text:
Talk:Vehicle armour

Only Good Against HEAT?
Spaced armor also defeats HESH rounds which can kill operators inside crew compartments without spall liners. AshRandom (talk) 13:43, 24 July 2009 (UTC)

Chobham
The article seems to refer to Chobham armour and composite armour as being the same thing: "Composite (aka Chobham)" I believe this to be incorrect, Chobham uses metals so it is not a true composite. More importantly Chobham is made from specific materials, which has a different sense to composite which would cover any combination of non-metal materials.

 * It's certainly true "Chobham" and "composite" shouldn't be equated; and your last remark is certainly true: "composite armour" is the more inclusive term. However, though those tanks most commonly associated with Chobham armour, the Challenger 2 and the M1 Abrams, today certainly use additional heavy metal armour modules, this wasn't always the case. "Chobham", in its original (and I would say "correct" :o) sense refers to the ceramic modules. And all operational AFV's have some metal element as part of their armour package.

--MWAK 06:23, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Hi.

Composite armour is a generic term and means any armour system using two or more materials. Thus Chobham is composite. I know because I was taught armour design by the people who made....Chobham armour. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.28.139.156 (talk) 16:14, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

Hi,

Also Chobham armour is called Chobham because that's the town where the defence research establishment was located that invented it. Similar principle to Pendine Blocks which were named after the town in Wales where they were first made. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.28.139.156 (talk) 16:19, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

German WWII panzer armor skirts (picture)
The armor skirts of WWII on German panzers were not added to counter HEAT warheads. Their purpose was to protect the drive-train and suspension against Soviet anti-tank rifles (in contrast to HEAT in widespread use on the eastern front). I once read a pretty well written article about this (and other) wrongs of allied intelligence, but I can't find it right now. - Alureiter 15:05, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Is this also the function of the turret wrap-around, and the top of the skirt protecting the hull? I can clarify the description, but this is still a good example of this type of spaced armour, and I'm speculating that it probably would have defeated bazookas, etc.  See also the second picture at T-34.  —Michael Z. 2005-11-18 15:24 Z

 * That is correct, the Soviet 14.5mm AT rifles could penetrate the side armor of German tanks; the schurzen (skirts) were developed specifically to counter that threat. It certainly would have provided standoff for HEAT but sometimes that actually helps penetration - it depends. May I suggest that a different photo be used to illustrate the concept of spaced armor since we may be inadvertently be perpetuating a myth otherwise? DMorpheus 18:04, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I only know about the armor skirts. And to be more precise: The factory added skirts consisting of plates. There have been other skirt-like field modifcations, e.g. with flexible meshes that are also more spacy than the skirts which are only a few centimetres from the tracks and rollers and those were (IMHO) clearly made to counter HEAT.
 * BTW: The (again IMHO) best example of spaced armour were the (anti-) torpedo bulges of capital warships of the 1880-1940 era, but I haven't found a good picture yet. - Alureiter 15:48, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

I'll rewrite the section to better reflect the reality. If someone can find a good reference, it would be helpful—I can't find much more than speculation in a quick Internet search. I still like the picture; it's a good example of spaced armour skirts regardless of their originally-intended function, but go ahead and replace it with another if you like. —Michael Z. 2005-12-9 19:07 Z

Tangential to that, I was thinking this article might be better with a more generic name, since it could apply to warships, aircraft, armoured trains, perhaps bunkers, etc. I was thinking of armour plate, but then that doesn't cover things like ERA. —Michael Z. 2005-11-18 16:17 Z

A reference to "Electrically charged armour" Can be found here;

http://www.armedforces-int.com/article.asp?pubID=15&catID=232&artID=451

I'm afraid I haven't the time to set the references up but it explains it pretty well

Hi,

Your both correct. The skirts were added to specifically defeat inert kinetic energy projectiles and give drive chain protection. However as an unintended bonus they could disrupt a shape charge by utilizing the spaced effect. This is for two reasons (1) All shape charges have an optimal standoff (roughly three times the diameter of the cone depending on cone angle) from the target where maximum penetration is achieved. Thus the plates would provide a greater standoff than this and hence reduce the penetration effect of the jet onto the rear/main armour and (2) more importantly the jet is only stable when it is in a material ie when it is penetrating, when is exits the rear surface of the target it becomes very unstable and in essence just splatters itself about it is no longer a defined jet. What this means is that the jet would penetrat the skirts as a jet, but would then break up as it exited this and just splatter onto the main armour behind with little to no significant penetration. This is what bar and splat armours do today. They detonate the warhead before the target and cause the jet to go through fresh air, break up and just splatter onto the target.

It would be nice to get the original design documents to see how much this was appreciated, after all the germans/Hungarians did do a hell of a lot of original research into shaped charges and the like. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.28.139.156 (talk) 16:39, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

Tanks only?
The article concentrates exclusively on the heavy armour carried by tanks. Other vehicles and their armour are not mentioned at all – cars, aircraft, ships and even satellites. Jll 17:12, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * True, this article is more like "AFV armour" right now. Be bold!  —Michael Z. 2006-02-07 17:42 Z

Armor vs Armour?
Which is it? IMHO "Armor" runs off the tongue better. --Theredstarswl 08:27, 6 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Either should be fine (American or British). It just has to be consistent throughout the article per WP:MOS. heqs 11:12, 6 May 2006 (UTC)

 * How about beyond the article? At the moment some Wiki pages are English(British :P) spelling, others American. For example armor directs to armour and reactive armor to reactive armour while slat armour directs to slat armor (ok, it actually directs to cage armor, but you get the point. Pissedpat (talk) 07:34, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Wiki policy is pretty clear on international spelling issues. US or British English are both fine as long as the spelling is consistent throughout the article. The original author decides. Whatever spelling was used by the creating editor should remain.Dino246 (talk) 12:12, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
 * But if its an American subject then US spelling probably should be used, and "English" English for European subjects. I didnt see any official policy on being consistent throughout the article so why not just reflect the international nature of Wikipedia and each subject? And "armor" looks like a typo to me anyway, especially in context of being developed at Chobham Commons, England. I'm not British, I just borrow their language lol...Webwat (talk) 23:49, 10 March 2010 (UTC)
 * There is an official policy of being consistent in an article. Technical and scientific subjects cross borders.  Steel behaves the same in Europe and the US and in Japan.  Georgewilliamherbert (talk) 03:25, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

Glacis and mantlet
I find this edit a bit odd. The heaviest armour generally is on the glacis or mantlet of a tank. The remaining armour comprises the turret front (which sometimes is the heaviest), and the front belly (the antitank gunner's sweet spot on a cresting vehicle, which generally is not). Ergbert, can you explain the edit? —Michael Z. 2006-12-16 00:31 Z

Non sequitour!
> Electrically charged armour is a recent development in the UK by the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory. A vehicle is fitted with two thin shells, separated by insulating material. The outer shell holds an enormous electrical charge, while the inner shell is a ground. If an incoming HEAT jet penetrates the outer shell and forms a bridge between the shells, the electrical energy discharges through the jet <

Some shaped charge warheads use glass material for the cone insert, not the usual copper, so they are not conducting and thus nullify electromagnetic armour. It is not worth the money developing this tech if it is so easily defeated. 81.0.68.145 23:03, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Electrically charged armour?
Per the Reactive armour article, electrically charged armour (rightly electric armour, electric reactive armour or electromagnetic reactive armour) is a sub-set of Reactive Armour, thus that portion could probably be removed from this article or merged with the Reactive armour article, without losing the topic entirely. Just losing a little weight from this article. The link from the Reactive Armour section to the Reactive armour main article should suffice. So, who wants to do the honors of cleaning this up? Assuming that's non-controversial. Feel free to post a note when it's done. Mgmirkin 06:56, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Electric charged armour is kind of reactive but doesnt cause any actual reaction, mostly just closes an electrical circuit to damage the fuse. Its more like spaced armour; still kind of unique but not enough to deserve a whole article. I vote to leave it there... Webwat (talk)

Armour alloys
It would be nice to meniton there what was the typical composition of alloys used for (tank) armour construction for ww1, ww2 and soviet T-60. It meas typical composition of metal armour before some composites, boron ceramic and such hi-tech materials were invented. Was it just Hi carbon steel, or hi alloy (chromium, nikel... ?) What was the typical mechanical properties such as tensil strength of typical armour plate? German tanks has forged panzer plates welded together but soviet tanks has molten turret. What was the difference between these different armours? If someone say that "this warhead penetrate 1000mm of steel armour" what people should think? It means steel plate of tensill strenght 500MPa 1000MPa or 2000MPa? —Preceding unsigned comment added by ProkopHapala (talk • contribs) 12:55, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

Sloped Armour - check ?
The "Sloped Armour" section says:

"it encloses less volume with less material"

Shouldn't this be "it encloses more volume with less material" ? Darkman101 (talk) 16:02, 8 October 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. Maybe "it encloses more area with less material".Dino246 (talk) 07:41, 10 October 2011 (UTC)

Slat Armour
The explanation for how cage armour functions does not match the explanation in the main "Slat Armour" article. Edit? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.42.239.84 (talk) 16:30, 17 February 2012 (UTC)

Aircraft armour is not common???
Then why the Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter was made a example for having no cockpit armour when compared to WW2 western aircraft designs of the same period like the P-40? FWIW, someone really needs to do something about this ridiculous claim in the section. Thoughts? Anyone. -- Dave ♠♣♥♦™№1185©♪♫® 11:36, 7 May 2019 (UTC)

What steel composition/grade/spec
At the moment, under Steel, the article just says "cast steel" - can we be more specific than that please. Is it a maraging steel, What alloying elements does it contain apart from carbon ? - Rod57 (talk) 22:10, 22 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vehicle armour


text:
Tavrey Airlines

Tavrey Airlines, also known as Tavrey Aircompany was an airline based in Odesa, Ukraine.

Fleet
The Tavrey Airlines fleet consisted of three Yakolev Yak-42s when it ceased operations in 2008.

 * 4 Yakovlev Yak-42

title: Tavrey Airlines


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jeremy Stribling

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mackensen (talk) 23:34, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Jeremy Stribling
Short article about a college student who got some minor media attention last month for hoaxing a computer science conference. Apparently not notable enough to warrant any links. The hoax itself might be worth an article that this name could redirect to, but right now it doesn't have one. Eliot 20:06, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * agreed, delete UkPaolo 20:51, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neither the hoax nor the hoaxer is encyclopedic. -- BD2412  talk  21:38, 2005 May 30 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 10:03, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The hoax was fairly notable, and in fact was somewhat significant. However, since there's no article on the conference nor its parent organization, and no established name for the hoax, the relevant part of the content should be merged to some article like Academic hoaxes or Hoaxes in computing.  Mr. Stribling probably does not merit an article, as most of the coverage was about his computer program rather than about him, but the name should be a redirect to whatever article gets the hoax writeup.  By the way:  I see a number of article on VfD that read as if they were written by Stribling's program.  Is he playing here?  Barno 21:00, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non encyclopedic. JamesBurns 09:16, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Template:WikiProject Cycling

title: Template:WikiProject Cycling


text: Template:Polsoc

title: Template:Polsoc


text:
The Cat and the Cobra

The Cat and the Cobra is the second album by Les Savy Fav. It was the first CD released by Frenchkiss Records, bassist Syd Butler's label. The vinyl LP was released by Self-Starter Foundation.

The first track, "The Orchard," features guest backing vocals by Toko Yasuda, who went on to play in Enon.

Track listing

 * 1) "The Orchard" – 3:19
 * 2) "We've Got Boxes" – 3:59
 * 3) "Who Rocks the Party" – 2:31
 * 4) "Wake Up!" – 3:21
 * 5) "Roadside Memorial" – 6:20
 * 6) "Dishonest Don, Pt. I" – 1:34
 * 7) "Dishonest Don, Pt. II" – 3:57
 * 8) "The End" – 3:22
 * 9) "This Incentive" – 3:19
 * 10) "Reformat" – 3:12
 * 11) "Titan"/"Our Coastal Hymn (live, hidden track)" – 14:53

Credits

 * Tim Harrington (vocals)
 * Gibb Slife (guitar)
 * Harrison Haynes (drums)
 * Seth Jabour (guitar)
 * Syd Butler (bass guitar)

title: The Cat and the Cobra


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SCIgen

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mackensen (talk) 23:30, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

SCIgen
Short article on a piece of software which generates nonsense, which got minor media notice last month for generating a paper which was accepted by a CS conference. Not notable enough to have any links to it, hard to see how it could expand any more. Could redirect to an article on the hoax, if there were one. Eliot 20:06, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - comes up a lot on the web. -- BD2412 talk 03:18, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)

SCIgen was written to hoax the organisers of SCI World MultiConference on Systemics, Cybernetics. This conference has been criticised Justin Zobel. The claim for 50% acceptance appears to be solely on the experience with the authors experience in submitting two papers to this one conference Stribling et al.
 * Keep provided it is edited to put it in context DAHordle
 * Keep a new about that appears on Scientific American, June 2005 (Spanish edition, Barcelona). Pèrez 2 July 2005 07:25 (UTC) Post Scriptum: That might be an example as someone can vandalize an Scientific project.

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SCIgen


text:
Jean Papineau-Couture

Jean Papineau-Couture, (November 12, 1916 – August 11, 2000) was a Canadian composer and academic.

Born in Montreal, Papineau-Couture is the grandson of conductor and composer Guillaume Couture. As a child he studied piano with his mother. He first studied privately in Montreal with Gabriel Cusson before entering the Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf where he received a Bachelor of Arts in 1937. He then attended the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston where he received a Bachelor of Music in 1941. He studied with Nadia Boulanger at the Longy School of Music in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Returning to Quebec, Papineau-Couture's teaching career started in 1946 when he joined the faculty of the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal where he stayed until 1962. He also taught in the Faculty of Music at the Université de Montréal. He was named vice-dean in 1967 and dean from 1968 until 1973. His students included François Morel, Pierre Rolland, and Jeannine Vanier.

In 1962 Papineau-Couture was awarded the Calixa-Lavallée Award. In 1968, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada and was promoted to Companion in 1993. In 1989, he was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec. Papineau-Couture received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement in 1994 for his contribution to classical music.

title: Jean Papineau-Couture


text:
Nicolas-Jacques Conté

Nicolas-Jacques Conté (4 August 1755 – 6 December 1805) was a French painter, balloonist, army officer, and inventor of the modern pencil.

He was born at Saint-Céneri-près-Sées (now Aunou-sur-Orne) in Normandy and distinguished himself for his mechanical genius, which was of great avail to the French army in Egypt. Napoleon called him “a universal man with taste, understanding and genius capable of creating the arts of France in the middle of the Arabian Desert”.

Aeronautics
One of his early interests while still at Sées was in the newly developing science of aeronautics. He made at least one hot-air balloon, which he flew in the public square. He contributed to the improvement of the production of hydrogen gas, as well as the treatment of the gas bag of the balloon itself.

In Egypt, Conté was called on to exercise his expertise in ballooning and was asked to prepare an ascent for the celebration of the French New Year on 22 September 1798. He was not sufficiently prepared, so the event was postponed to 1 December. On that occasion his efforts met with a near disaster. The balloon caught fire, and the Egyptians received the impression that what had been demonstrated was a machine of war for setting fire to the enemy encampments. At a second attempt with a larger balloon, it is said that the ascent was witnessed in Esbekia Square by 100,000. It is probable that the use of the balloon in Egypt was limited to impressing the local population and was never found suitable for military purposes. Al-Jabarti, (‘Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti al-Misri) in his account of the ascent said: “Their claim that this apparatus is like a vessel in which people sit and travel to other countries in order to discover news and other falsifications did not appear to be true.”

Writing and drawing equipment
Conté invented the modern pencil lead at the request of Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot. The French Republic was at that time under economic blockade and unable to import graphite from Great Britain, the main source of the material. Carnot asked Conté to create a pencil that did not rely on foreign imports. After several days of research, Conté had the idea of mixing powdered graphite with clay and pressing the material between two half-cylinders of wood. Thus was formed the modern pencil. Conté received a patent for the invention in 1795 and formed la Société Conté to make them. He also invented the conté crayon named after him, a hard pastel stick used by artists.

At the 1798 Exposition des produits de l'industrie française Conté won an honorable distinction, the highest award, for his "crayons of various colours".

title: Nicolas-Jacques Conté


text:
Jonas Björkman

Jonas Lars Björkman (born 23 March 1972) is a Swedish former professional tennis player. He is a former world No. 1 in doubles, and also a former world No. 4 in singles. Björkman retired from professional tennis after competing at the 2008 Tennis Masters Cup doubles championships. As of 2019, he is ranked in the top 40 on the all-time ATP prize money list with over $14.5 million.

Björkman has had long-term successful doubles partnerships with Jan Apell, Jacco Eltingh, Nicklas Kulti, Max Mirnyi, Pat Rafter, Kevin Ullyett, and Todd Woodbridge. He has won the career Grand Slam in men's doubles, holding a total of nine major championships.

In March 2015, he joined Andy Murray's coaching team. He has also coached the Swedish men's padel team.

Biography
The son of tennis coach and mailman Lars Björkman, Jonas began playing tennis at the age of six. At 18, he won the Swedish Junior Championship and was among the top-5 Swede junior players. He married Petra on 2 December 2000 in Stockholm, and they have a son, Max (born 15 January 2003).

He plays right-handed and has a particularly good record against left-handed players. He claims it's because his father plays left-handed.

Career
He turned professional in 1991. In 1993, he won three Challenger singles titles. In 1994, he won seven titles in doubles including the 1994 ATP Tour World Championships in Jakarta. In 1995, he reached his first career ATP singles final in Hong Kong. In 1997, he became the ninth ever Swedish tennis player to finish in ATP top 10 at No. 4. He advanced to his first Grand Slam semifinal at the US Open, defeating Francisco Clavet, Todd Martin, Gustavo Kuerten, Scott Draper and Petr Korda before losing to Greg Rusedski. At the 1998 Australian Open, he won his first career doubles Grand Slam title. 2000 saw him finishing in the singles top 50 for the fifth time in seven years.

In his ATP career, he won six singles titles and 54 titles in doubles, including nine Grand Slam titles in doubles.

He made his Davis Cup debut in 1994 and was a regular for Sweden throughout his career. He compiled a 21–14 record in doubles and a 14–9 record in live singles rubbers. He was a member of Sweden's Davis Cup championship teams in 1994, 1997, and 1998.

In 2002, Björkman won the Nottingham Open by defeating Wayne Arthurs in the final, however, at Wimbledon, he found himself drawn against top seed Lleyton Hewitt in the first round. Björkman was defeated in straight sets, as Hewitt went on to win the tournament.

In the 2006 Wimbledon, he unexpectedly made it into the singles semifinals at the age of 34, making him the oldest player to get there since Jimmy Connors in 1987. He had only made it into the singles quarterfinals once in 2003. He was unseeded, but defeated 14th-seeded Radek Štěpánek in a match which included saving a match point. He had previously ousted his doubles partner Max Mirnyi and another Swede, Thomas Johansson, and Lukáš Dlouhý and Daniele Bracciali to make the quarterfinals. In the semifinal he found world No. 1 and defending champion Roger Federer too good and was overpowered in straight sets, 6–2, 6–0, 6–2. When John McEnroe announced his official return to the ATP Pro Tour in 2006, he teamed up with Björkman to win the doubles title at the SAP Open in San Jose.

During Wimbledon in 2008, he announced that he would be playing in his final Wimbledon as he was planning on retiring at the end of the season. Although being knocked out in the first round of singles, Björkman and Kevin Ullyett made it to the final, being defeated by second seeds Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić, though receiving a hero's farewell to his extensive career at Wimbledon.

Björkman retired from professional tennis, after the Swede and his partner Ullyett failed to qualify for the doubles semifinal at the 2008 Tennis Masters Cup.

On 2 October 2013, he announced a comeback on tour in If Stockholm Open doubles draw, receiving a wild card in pair with fellow countryman Robert Lindstedt.

He competed as a celebrity dancer in Let's Dance 2015.

Coaching

Andy Murray added Björkman to his coaching staff in March 2015, initially on a five-week trial to help out in periods when Amélie Mauresmo was unavailable as she only agreed to travel with him for 25 weeks of the tennis year when she first became Murray's coach in June 2014. However, at the end of the 2015 Australian Open, Mauresmo had informed Murray that she was pregnant and expecting in August. Murray then announced in late April 2015 that Björkman would be his main coach for all of the North American hard-court swing, while Mauresmo would be on maternity leave after 2015 Wimbledon until late in the year. Jonas Björkman joined Murray's team in April 2015, helping Murray win the BMW Open in Munich; his first clay-court title. This was followed by Murray winning his first Masters 1000 title on clay in Madrid. In June 2015, Björkman was with Andy Murray through Queen's where Murray ended up winning his fourth Queen's Club title at the Aegon Championships. and Björkman was Murray's main coach when Murray won the 2015 Canadian Open in Montreal, which was Murray's third Canadian Open title. In the middle of December 2015, Murray decided not to renew Bjorkman's contract. The Swede, who joined the world No. 2's entourage earlier in 2015, took charge of his coaching for the last four months of the season in the absence of Amélie Mauresmo but was not part of the team afterwards.

title: Jonas Björkman


text: User talk:24.228.78.25

title: User talk:24.228.78.25


text:
Talk:Elephant bird

Page move
Would there be any objection to moving this page to Elephant bird? In general, animals are listed under their common names, not scientific names, with the scientific name as a redirect. (Examples: Canis lupus --> Wolf, Panthera leo --> Lion, Haliaeetus leucocephalus --> Bald Eagle.) At least one prehistoric animal (Sarcosuchus imperator, aka SuperCroc) has also been listed by a popular name rather than scientific name for the main article. I think the same should be done here for consistency. Firebug 20:01, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Not one genus for Elephant birds
Well I disagree if the text remains like it is now! Why, because this is about the genus Aepyornis, not about Elephant Birds in general. There are (actually were) also Elephant birds of the genus Mullerornis. Pmaas 22:02, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

I wouldn't object to moving it if the text would be changed and all the described species are included, not only three of the Aepyornis genus. So shall we move it? Pmaas 22:07, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Elephant Bird Species

 * Aepyornis gracilis Monnier, 1913
 * Aepyornis hildebrandti Burckhardt, 1893
 * Aepyornis maximus Geoffroy-Saint Hilaire, 1851
 * Aepyornis medius Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1866
 * Aepyornis titan (might be a synonym of Aepyornis maximus)

 * Mullerornis betsilei Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1894
 * Mullerornis agilis Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1894
 * Mullerornis rudis Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1894

 * Fossil Aepyornithidae
 * Vorompatra Central: Lore

Concerning The "Divine Eagle"
Can we remove the blurb about the Divine Eagle from "Return of the Condor Heroes" being an elephant bird? The description of it doesn't sound anything remotely like an elephant bird, at all.--Mr Fink 04:53, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I have no objection. Another possibility is to ask for citation or verification. Peter Maas 12:02, 15 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and deleted the "Divine Eagle" reference, as the guy in the story learns swordplay from a giant eagle, not an elephant bird. And in the movies, it's portrayed as looking like a giant eagle, not an elephant bird.--Mr Fink 15:29, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Date of Extinction
In the "Description" section, the article says Flacourt reported Elephant Birds as being extant and well known. In the "Extinction" section, no reference is made to the 17th century reports. If Flacourt is a reliable witness, then the Elephant Bird was still around in the 17th century; if not then the reason why he is not reliable must be given. Can someone resolve this, please? --APRCooper (talk) 17:56, 25 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Now the lead says they went extinct around 1000-1200. Which is it? This BBC article says they went extinct "around 1000 years ago" but the wiki page lists so many examples of eggs and such from later than that. I really have no idea what's going on and I have no expertise in this topic. 96.41.225.223 (talk) 04:58, 14 September 2018 (UTC)

Split
Aepyornis and Mullerornis should definitely have separate articles. FunkMonk (talk) 16:40, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

"Elephant bird"
Does elephant bird refer to Aepyornithids in general, Aepyornis, or only Aepyornis maximus? FunkMonk (talk) 18:31, 16 September 2009 (UTC)
 * It has been suggested that Elephant bird should redirect to Aepyornis. But that should only be done if 1: Aepyornithidae is retaiend as a separate article, or if two: Aepyornithidae is a monotypic taxon, which it isn't. FunkMonk (talk) 23:55, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

Largest Bird?
How can this species be the largest recorded when the Moa bird of New Zealand was 2 feet taller and one hundred pounds heavier? Firemanic9 (talk) 07:54, 31 October 2009 (UTC)

Please update this article to indicate that it is in fact not the largest ever bird species to have existed - the Moa (extinct) of New Zealand had two species (of 11), Dinornis giganteus and Dinornis novaezelandiae, reached about 3.7 m (12 ft) in height with neck outstretched, and weighed about 230 kg (510 lb). (MERNZ) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.89.156.113 (talk) 08:15, 17 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Scanning both articles suggests that the moa reached a weight of 230 kg, while the elephant bird reached 400 kg - significantly heavier. WolfmanSF (talk) 17:20, 17 January 2012 (UTC)

I heard on the "Today" programme on 26 September 2018 that the elephant bird was the largest bird. The programme also called the elephant bird the veronday. Vorbee (talk) 08:00, 26 September 2018 (UTC)

Assessment
I have reassessed the quality of this article down from B-class: initially to Start-class, but upon closer inspection, I'm pushing it back up to C-class. Although only one Cn is used, others can and should be added. Aside from citation issues, the article could use a lead paragraph or two... anything more than a single sentence. (That lead sentence should also mention Madagascar, since that is where the birds were endemic to.) At first glance, it seemed like basic information was missing from the article (such as geographic ranges, habitat preferences, etc.), but I realize that the secondary literature is probably pretty sparse. Properly filling in the article would probably require extensive reviews of the primary literature... but that's just a guess. Otherwise, the article's greatest fault is in its citations, causing it to fail the first criteria for B-class: "The article is suitably referenced, with inline citations where necessary." Otherwise the prose is good and topic coverage seems nearly complete, though far from comprehensive. Again, the Start-class rating was hasty, and I apologize. –  VisionHolder  «  talk  »  18:12, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

Hi. About the citations, I have found the article I think was used to create the part about ratite eggshells in the Canary Island. "Ratite Eggshells from Lanzarote, Canary Islands E. G. Franz Sauer and Peter Rothe", published in Science 7 April 1972: Vol. 176. no. 4030, pp. 43 - 45. I had seen this reference, without citation, in several articles related to this one. If anyone could add it to the article, I would be most grateful (As I am really clumsy editing citations!!)

212.163.172.180 (talk) 09:02, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Egg
The measurements of the egg - am wondering about the proportions of something 13" long and 36" around - more like a ball than the egg shape of the illustration. Anyone? Manytexts (talk) 23:44, 16 May 2013 (UTC)
 * That's 5" short of a ball's circumference. What do you think it should be? WolfmanSF (talk) 04:28, 17 May 2013 (UTC)

Elephant bird in Art
I think it would be worth adding the following tidbit to the article, but my edit was controversial enough to be quickly reverted. I therefore submit it here on the talk page to see if time and exposure can resolve the controversy.

 * The 2009 Disney/Pixar movie Up featured a large bird-like creature named Kevin.

The criticism on the revert was that the movie does not specify the type of bird that Kevin was. However, the appearance and size of the bird, and the overall narrative in the movie of a search for a long-lost species - they all fit the elephant bird quite well.

Comments? AresLiam (talk) 01:17, 4 April 2014 (UTC)
 * This is a great "example of original" research, which is not allowed. Furthermore, the bird doesn't look like an elephant bird at all, and doesn't take place in Madagascar. FunkMonk (talk) 01:19, 4 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Among other things, none of the source materials for Up ever mention the elephant bird as an inspiration for Kevin, let alone identify her as one. It is mentioned that the Himalayan monal is the inspiration for her plumage, but, nothing about the elephant bird.--Mr Fink (talk) 01:37, 4 April 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090303044044/http://www.taxonomy.nl:80/Main/Classification/51286.htm to http://www.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/51286.htm

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Taxonomic revision and new genus
An article has just been published that completely overturns a lot of long standing beliefs regarding aepyornithid taxonomy, and it might be a bit of a mess to sort out here. A lot of species have been reshuffled, and one new genus has been named, Vorombe. It concerns me a bit that this is based on morphology alone, when DNA is available, but oh well. So what should we do about this? Wait for more confirmation, or do the changes? FunkMonk (talk) 08:26, 26 September 2018 (UTC)
 * It's quite possible that things will get revised again when someone gets around to doing further DNA work. For now, however, it seems we have little choice but to accept the new taxonomy, as this latest publication appears to be the most extensive and authoritative work on the subject to date. WolfmanSF (talk) 16:52, 26 September 2018 (UTC)
 * FWIW - several more refs, which may (or may not) be relevant to the discussion, are noted below - in any case - Enjoy! :) Drbogdan (talk) 17:17, 26 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Certainly relevant, but we should probably also cite the actual study, as I linked above. FunkMonk (talk) 17:27, 26 September 2018 (UTC)

Inconsistent dates
The front of this article states that they went extinct between 1000-1200 AD. However, other sources and articles on this site claim these birds survived until the 17th century. So which is it? This site should be consistent. 24.51.242.175 (talk) 15:59, 25 February 2022 (UTC)

Human involvement in extinction
There are new scientific articles indicating that humans and elephant birds coexisted for millennia:

* Sept 2018: New find clears Madagascar's first settlers of wiping out world's largest bird | Science | AAAS

* Sept 2018: For Thousands of Years, Humans Coexisted with the Largest Birds That Ever Lived | Live Science

* May 2019: To Kill an Elephant Bird: The Extinction of Madagascar's Avian Giants - Capeia

Even a Britannica article from 2019 mentions the extinction is believed to be a result of multiple causes that do include humans, but also include climate and vegetation changes on the island: elephant bird | Summary & Facts | Britannica

I have seen statements of theorized human involvement, but all of these lack evidence other than presuming other examples of human migration leading to species extinction applying to this case as well. It's worth mentioning that the examples of this I've found are all dated prior to the 2018 findings being published.

Lindsey40186 (talk) 15:57, 10 June 2022 (UTC)

 * The arrival date for humans on Madagascar is seriously contested, as you would find if you looked up the citing literature, with other scholars placing the date in the latter half of the first millennium AD. Also long coexistence doesn't necessarily preclude ultimate human cause of the extinction as this paper from last year attributes the extinction to changing land use to agro-pastoralism and increasing deforestation. Hemiauchenia (talk) 17:56, 10 June 2022 (UTC)

Attenborough
"David Attenborough owned an almost complete eggshell, dating from 600 to 700 AD, which he pieced together from fragments that were given to him while making his 1961 BBC series Zoo Quest to Madagascar."

Why "owned" past tense? Drsruli (talk) 00:56, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

extinction date
pretty sure there's something wrong with the date of extinction cus it says 1200 ce at first but then switches to "at least the 17th century" 2601:89:C700:90:9171:8B34:7066:2CAA (talk) 13:31, 15 January 2023 (UTC)

Vorombe a junior synonym?
See they suggest that the size difference is likely sexual dimorphism. Hemiauchenia (talk) 07:16, 21 March 2023 (UTC)

Common names vs Binomial name
Both should be used the common names come from Exinct Birds 2012 Ostrich2Emperor (talk) 14:55, 27 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Unless other sources are routinely using them, I really doubt we should use them.--Mr Fink (talk) 15:10, 27 April 2023 (UTC)
 * look your making excuses there are no reasons not uses common name
 * also other thing we should try to make elephant bird articles more moa
 * all elephant bird species should have articles like the moa and also i gave you my source and you still making excuses Ostrich2Emperor (talk) 16:37, 27 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I would think not using a common name in priority to the scientific name because the common name is not commonly used outside of one 11 year old source and just you would be a good excuse.--Mr Fink (talk) 16:46, 27 April 2023 (UTC)
 * why did you criticize that it 11 year old that pretty good for elephant birds
 * you seem not understand that elephant birds are very obscure
 * i would be shocked if even a million poeple had ever heard of elephant birds
 * we only get new stuff about elephant birds every like 5 years
 * and also why did you call there common names obscure there everywhere
 * now most wiki articles were elephant bird are mentioned common names are used Ostrich2Emperor (talk) 17:05, 27 April 2023 (UTC)
 * And throwing a temper tantrum will convince me, or gain consensus to go along with WP:UNDUE how?--Mr Fink (talk) 17:18, 27 April 2023 (UTC)
 * also why do call Binomial names scientific names Ostrich2Emperor (talk) 17:24, 27 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Common names are only to be used if they are actually more commonly used than their scientific names, which you have not demonstrated here. However, those common names can be redirected to the species articles and perhaps listed in the intros. FunkMonk (talk) 19:33, 27 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Elephant birds are not obscure. This article gets nearly 300,000 views per year about 1/3 that of the Dodo, which is definitely not obscure. Most people who know about elephant birds are not familiar with the species-level distinction within the elephant birds, but Aepyornis maximus is much more likely to recognisable that "giant elephant bird", same with the other species. Hemiauchenia (talk) 19:42, 27 April 2023 (UTC)

Origin of the epithet "Elephant bird"
Does anybody know what the origin of this name actually is? I've done some digging, and it's not clear to me. I've found secure evidence that it was in use by 1947 to refer to aepyornithids,, but the evidence for its use prior to this is pretty sparse. . (Note that "Some Avian Exhibits That Recall the Past" dates to 1971, not 1844). This 1861 book uses it to refer to the moa genus Dinornis instead. . Hemiauchenia (talk) 23:15, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Looking at google books, I've now found results from 1931 and 1897 . Hemiauchenia (talk) 23:50, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Now 1893 . Hemiauchenia (talk) 23:56, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Having looked through the entirety of google books, I can't find a specific mention of the phrase "elephant bird" referring to aepyornithids that predates the 1890s. Hemiauchenia (talk) 00:01, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Elephant bird


text:
Lucifer Rising (book)

Lucifer Rising (ISBN 0-85965-280-7) is a book written by author and Church of Satan priest Gavin Baddeley and published by Plexus Publishing in 1999. The book covers both the recent and ancient history of Satanism, and provides an examination of modern Satanist culture.

Organized into three parts, much of the book is composed of interviews with a wide variety of people associated with Satanic religion or its concomitant aesthetic, including Anton Szandor LaVey, Kenneth Anger, and Kerry Bolton.

Other individuals discussed in Lucifer Rising include Aleister Crowley, Michael Aquino, and Charles Manson.

Synopsis
The book is divided into three parts, the first of which covers Satanism's history from the beginnings of the Black Mass to the aristocratic members of the Hellfire Club.

The second half looks at Satanism in the twentieth century, including Aleister Crowley, the Church of Satan, the Manson Family, and the growth of occult-inspired bands such as Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin.

The final section of the book examines the new waves of Thrash Metal, Death Metal, and Scandinavian Black Metal, the Burzum's Varg Vikernes Euronymous' murder, the neo-Nazi element and the religious right's courts quest of heavy metal.

The book is richly decorated throughout with graphics, mediaeval ornaments, and exquisite images, and it also includes a comment from Anton LaVey, author of The Satanic Bible.

title: Lucifer Rising (book)


text:
Go Forth

Go Forth is the third album by Les Savy Fav, released in 2001 via Frenchkiss Records. It was mixed in June 2001 at Magic Shop in Manhattan, and was mastered by John Loder at Abbey Road Studios, London.

Track listing

 * 1) "Tragic Monsters" – 3:14
 * 2) "Reprobate's Resumé" – 3:04
 * 3) "Crawling Can Be Beautiful" – 3:00
 * 4) "Disco Drive" – 4:05
 * 5) "The Slip" – 2:54
 * 6) "Daily Dares" – 3:08
 * 7) "One to Three" – 2:48
 * 8) "Pills" – 3:29
 * 9) "Adopduction" – 3:26
 * 10) "No Sleeves" – 4:06
 * 11) "Bloom on Demand" – 6:35
 * 12) "I Hope You Like This-Love LSF" – 2:56

Personnel
All songs by Les Savy Fav:
 * Tim Harrington – vocals
 * Syd Butler – bass
 * Seth Jabour – guitar
 * Harrison Hayes – drums

Additional personnel

 * Produced and Engineered by Phil Ek
 * Mastered by John Loder

title: Go Forth