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The Bone Collector

The Bone Collector is a 1999 American crime thriller film directed by Phillip Noyce and starring Denzel Washington and Angelina Jolie. The film is based on the 1997 crime novel of the same name written by Jeffery Deaver, and focuses on a quadriplegic homicide detective and a newly recruited patrol officer investigating a series of murders in New York City.

Plot
In 1998 New York City, forensics expert Lincoln Rhyme is bed-bound after an accident that left him paralyzed from the neck down. Amelia Donaghy, a newly recruited patrol officer, discovers a mutilated corpse buried at a Civil War-era railroad bed. Rhyme is directing her through a free video/audio feed sent from Amelia to him in his bedroom. Due to clue-like objects found at the crime scene, Rhyme concludes that the scene was staged and subsequently teams up with an initially hesitant Amelia, impressed by her natural forensic instincts.

The killer poses as a taxi driver and, before Rhyme and Amelia met, abducts married couple Alan and Lindsay Rubin. Alan is the body discovered by Amelia at the railroad station, while Lindsay is revealed to be alive and tied up at a steam junction. Using the clues found at the railroad bed, including a torn piece of scrap paper, Rhyme successfully tracks the whereabouts of Lindsay. The detectives and Amelia arrive just after she is scalded to death by an open steam pipe. Amelia finds a piece of Lindsay's bone by her body and another scrap of paper. Rhyme instructs Amelia to sever Lindsay's hands in order to obtain evidence, but she refuses and storms off.

The killer abducts an NYU student, who is taken to a derelict slaughterhouse, tied to a pole, and left with an open wound that attracts nearby rats. Amelia and Rhyme, again using the clues left by the killer at the scene of the previous murder, find the victim's body mutilated by rats. Amelia finds another scrap of paper and a piece of bone. The pressure of the tense investigation and bureaucratic challenges to Amelia and Rhyme's involvement in the case begin to have serious impacts on Rhyme's health and stability. Thelma, Rhyme's carer and nurse, reveals to Amelia his plans to euthanize himself out of fear of seizures that could leave him in a vegetative state.

After piecing together the message the killer was sending using the paper scraps, Amelia and Rhyme are led to an old crime novel called The Bone Collector, which details crimes the killer is replicating. The fictional outline leads them to the location of the next victims, a grandfather and granddaughter who have been tied to a pier during a rise in tide. The paramedics successfully resuscitate the young girl, but the grandfather dies. At the scene, Amelia finds another piece of bone, part of an old police badge, and a subway map. These clues together with the asbestos left by the killer at the scene of Lindsay's death lead Amelia to an abandoned subway station, where numbers on the side of a carriage have been tampered with to spell out Rhyme's police badge number.

The killer arrives at Rhyme's house and kills both Thelma and Police Captain Howard Cheney. The killer is revealed to be Richard Thompson, the medical technician in charge of Rhyme's medical equipment. Richard's real name is Marcus Andrews, a former forensics expert convicted after Rhyme wrote an article exposing him for planting evidence that resulted in the wrongful imprisonment of six innocent people, one of whom hanged himself. Maintaining his judgment as correct, Marcus blames Rhyme for his imprisonment and the abuse he endured during incarceration, and has schemed to humiliate Rhyme by testing his abilities in a game of wits before killing him. Rhyme manages to crush Marcus' hand in his medical bed, resulting in a struggle in which he manages to harm Marcus severely by biting his neck. Unable to move, Rhyme is about to be stabbed to death when Amelia arrives and shoots Marcus dead.

The following Christmas, Rhyme, having abandoned his plans to commit suicide, meets his sister and niece coming to visit him along with Amelia and his other colleagues.

Development
The project originated when producer Martin Bregman acquired the film rights to the Jeffery Deaver novel of the same name, Phillip Noyce was brought on to direct. Jeremy Iacone penned the screenplay adaptation; while staying faithful to Deaver's source material, Iacone condensed the plot "down to three murders" and honed in on the dynamic between the lead characters. The script would undergo further work when Christopher Crowe was brought on to do a screenplay polish.

Universal Pictures sold half of the distribution rights to Columbia Pictures, as the studio was worried about making its money back. Noyce made a deal with the studio that if the production went over budget, he'd pay the difference out of his own pocket, and if it came in under budget, then he would get to keep half.

Casting
When the script was being written, the role of Lincoln Rhyme was written with Al Pacino in mind, since Bregman had served as producer on Pacino's previous films like Serpico, Dog Day Afternoon, Scarface, and Carlito's Way. However, Pacino was unavailable due to him filming The Insider. Harrison Ford and Sean Connery were also suggested by the studio, but Noyce cast Denzel Washington in the lead role.

In preparation for his role as a quadriplegic, Washington met with other quadriplegics including Christopher Reeve, as well as a police officer paralyzed by a gunshot wound.

For the role of Amelia Donaghy, both Demi Moore and Nicole Kidman were considered for the role before Angelina Jolie was cast. Other principal roles would be played by Michael Rooker, Queen Latifah, and Ed O'Neill.

Filming
Aside from exterior shots filmed on location in Manhattan, New York City, filming primarily took place in Montreal.

Release
The film was originally slated for release on October 1, but was moved to November 5, 1999, receiving mixed reviews, but earning $151.5 million against a budget of $48 million.

Critical reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, The Bone Collector holds an approval rating of 28% based on 86 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The site's critics consensus states: "A talented cast is wasted on a bland attempt at a suspenseful, serial killer flick." Metacritic gave the film a weighted average score of 45 out of 100 based on 33 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Eric S. Arnold of Newsweek gives a mainly positive review, stating that "The Bone Collector may be formulaic—but many good recipes are." William Arnold of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer describes the film as having "the characteristics of a bad slasher movie" in a mainly negative review, calling the plot "ultimately preposterous". Multiple critics called out the improbabilities and cliches of the script and negatively compared the film to similar crime thrillers such as Seven and The Silence of the Lambs, but said Washington and Jolie's performances were just enough to make the film engrossing. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the film's acting, but deplored the plot's "utter absurdity", writing: "The movie is a peculiar experience to sit through, because the quality of the acting is so much better than the material deserves." Stephen Hunter of The Washington Post wrote, "As for the mystery that these forays into the shocking are meant to penetrate, it's probably the least interesting thing in the movie." He concluded, "Yet for all the carping one can do, the following is indisputably true: At the narrative level, 'The Bone Collector' is extremely gripping. You may have as much fun tearing it apart in its aftermath as you do watching it, but the fun is still genuine."

Potential sequel
In June 2023, it was reported that a sequel was in the works, with Washington and Jolie reprising their roles, according to Deaver, the 11th novel in the book series, "The Skin Collector", is more of a direct sequel to the first book.

TV series adaptation
On January 17, 2019, it was announced that NBC had given the production a pilot order under the name Lincoln based on The Bone Collector novel. Sony Pictures Television and Universal Television were shopping the show to the American broadcast networks. VJ Boyd and Mark Bianculli would write the series and also serve as executive producer, and Seth Gordon would direct the potential pilot. In May 2019, NBC picked up the series, which would be titled Lincoln Rhyme: Hunt for the Bone Collector, and premiere January 10, 2020. The pilot episode was released early online on January 1, 2020, ahead of its network debut on January 10. The series was cancelled after one season, on June 10, 2020.

Noyce briefly consulted on the project, but he declined an offer to direct the first episode: "I spoke to the makers and I said, "Okay, I'll make the pilot, but this is what I’d be looking to do". "They made their pilot, but they made the most basic mistakes in their casting". "They [also] tried to lighten it, which was not the way to exploit that material".

title: The Bone Collector


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Discaria

Discaria is a genus of 6 species of flowering plants in the family Rhamnaceae, native to temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere, in Australia, New Zealand and South America.

They are deciduous thorny shrubs or small trees growing to 2–5 m tall. They are also non-legume nitrogen fixers.

Many of the world's Discaria species qualify as xerophytes in the true sense of the term, and the Australian species are no exception. They frequently occur on porous or well-drained sites and on soils of low fertility. Some species can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere with the help of symbiotic bacteria (Frankia) that form nodules in their roots.

Species
Discaria comprises the following species:
 * Discaria americana Gillies & Hook.
 * Discaria articulata (Phil.) Miers

 * Discaria chacaye (G.Don) Tortosa

 * Discaria nitida Tortosa
 * Discaria pubescens (Brongn.) Druce

 * Discaria toumatou Raoul

Hybrids
The following hybrid has been described:
 * Discaria × serratifolia Benth. & Hook.f. ex Mast.

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status
The status of the following species and hybrids is unresolved:
 * Discaria × andina (Miers) Speg.
 * Discaria aphylla Meyen
 * Discaria parviflora Hook.f.
 * Discaria pauciflora Hook.f.
 * Discaria weddeliana (Miers) Escal.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Discaria


text: User talk:172.156.255.165

title: User talk:172.156.255.165


text:
50 goals in 50 games

In the National Hockey League (NHL), the phrase "50 goals in 50 games" (50-in-50) refers to a player scoring 50 goals within the first 50 (or fewer) games of his team's season. Only five players in eight different seasons have reached the mark, most recently Brett Hull in 1990–91. Wayne Gretzky (three times) and Hull (twice) are the only players to do so more than once.

Maurice Richard

 * 50 in 50 games (50-in-50)

Maurice Richard of the Montreal Canadiens was the first player in NHL history to score 50 goals in one season. He scored his 50th goal on March 18, 1945, in the 50th (and final) game of the 1944–45 NHL season on goalie Harvey Bennett of the Boston Bruins. Richard's accomplishment also broke the NHL single-season goal-scoring record; it had previously been held by Joe Malone of the Montreal Canadiens, who scored 44 goals in a 20-game season in.

Besides Richard's 50-in-50 feat, he also led the NHL in goals on four other occasions and was the league's first career 500-goal scorer. Richard never again reached the 50-goal mark in his career, even though the NHL extended its schedule to 60 games in and later to 70 games in ; Richard retired in 1960. In recognition of his achievements, the NHL created an annual award in 1999, the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy, which was donated by the Montreal Canadiens, to be presented to the top goalscorer in the league.

Richard's 50-goal season was the last until Bernie Geoffrion scored 50 goals in the 1960–61 season, also with the Canadiens. When Bobby Hull finally broke the single-season goal record with 54 goals in 1965–66, fans of the then-retired Richard, noting that Hull was playing in a 70-game schedule, demanded that the NHL continue to recognize Richard's record. Hull's fans countered that Richard had achieved his record during World War II, during which many NHLers enlisted in the military. (Richard, who was notoriously prone to injury throughout his career, was deemed unfit for service.) Additionally, the counterargument noted Richard's failure to match the record in peacetime, with the caliber of the NHL not similarly hindered, even though he played in eleven 70-game seasons.

The NHL awarded Hull the record, while at the same time recognizing Richard as the first, and to that point only, player to score 50 goals in 50 games, firmly establishing the achievement into NHL lore.

Mike Bossy

 * 50 in 50 games (50-in-50)

In the 1980–81 season, Mike Bossy of the New York Islanders became only the second player to score 50 goals in 50 games, 36 years after Richard had done so. Bossy's quest for the milestone was heavily covered by the hockey press, as Bossy was unofficially competing with Charlie Simmer of the Los Angeles Kings to be the first to accomplish it since Richard. Their "competition" was intense during late January 1981, with both players participating in their 50th game on January 24, 1981: Simmer started the day with 46 goals and Bossy 48. Simmer had a hat trick against Boston, giving him 49 goals in 50 games, barely missing the mark. Making his game against the Quebec Nordiques particularly dramatic, Bossy was scoreless for much of the game but beat goaltender Ron Grahame twice within the final five minutes. He could have had 51 goals in 50 games soon after, but passed the puck back to Bryan Trottier because he felt it was the right play and had already achieved his goal of 50 goals in 50 games. Bossy finished the season with 68 goals in 79 games, while Simmer would finish with 56 goals in 64 games.

Wayne Gretzky

 * 61 in 50 games (50-in-39)
 * 61 in 50 games (50-in-42)
 * 53 in 50 games (50-in-49)

Wayne Gretzky of the Edmonton Oilers broke the 50-in-50 mark less than a full year after Bossy had tied Richard. In Gretzky's 38th game of the 1981–82 season, he scored four goals, giving him 45 on the season. In his next game, on December 30, 1981, he scored a rare five goals in one game against the Philadelphia Flyers, the fifth being an empty-net goal with three seconds left in the game, to give him the record of 50 goals in 39 games. He had 50 goals before any other player had scored 30, and would finish the season with an NHL-record 92 goals, having participated in all 80 of the Oilers' games.

Gretzky went on to score 50 goals within 50 games twice more in his career. In 1983–84, he scored his 50th goal in the team's 42nd game, on January 7, 1984, and finished the season with the second highest single-season total with 87 goals in 74 games. Gretzky's 50th goal was an empty-net goal that put the Oilers up 5–3 in a win over the Hartford Whalers at home. It was also Gretzky's third goal of the game, completing a hat trick. Also in 1983–84, Gretzky accumulated the fastest 50 goals recorded over consecutive games at any point of a season when he scored 50 goals over 34 consecutive games from December 14, 1983, through March 11, 1984.

In 1984–85, he scored his 50th goal in Edmonton's 49th game, ending the season with 73 goals in 80 games. Gretzky's 50th goal came on January 26, 1985 (his 24th birthday), the first of three he scored in a 6–3 win over the Pittsburgh Penguins, beating goaltender Denis Herron. It was the third time Gretzky scored 50 goals within 50 games, and the third time he did so with a hat trick.

Mario Lemieux

 * 54 in 50 games (50-in-46)

Mario Lemieux of the Pittsburgh Penguins was the next player to score 50 goals in 50 or fewer games, achieving the feat on January 20, 1989. Lemieux's 50th goal came in game 46 of the team's schedule against the Winnipeg Jets and goaltender Pokey Reddick. Lemieux was playing his 44th game of the season. Lemieux finished the season with the fourth highest single season total with 85 goals in 76 games.

Brett Hull

 * 52 in 50 games (50-in-49)
 * 50 in 50 games (50-in-50)

Brett Hull scored 50 goals in 50 games or fewer twice in his career, both times while playing for the St. Louis Blues. Hull first did it in the 1990–91 season when he scored his 50th goal, and second of the game, against goalie Dave Gagnon of the Detroit Red Wings on January 25, 1991, in the Blues' 49th game. Hull finished the season with the third highest single season total with 86 goals in 78 games played.

His second time, the most recent season the feat was achieved, was during the subsequent 1991–92 season. On January 28, 1992, Hull scored his 50th goal against Kings goalie Kelly Hrudey in game number 50, a 3–3 tie in Los Angeles. He ended the season with 70 goals in 73 games.

50 goals in player's first 50 games
By definition, the 50-in-50 is an official achievement only when a player completes it within his team's first 50 games, reflecting Maurice Richard's achievement in the 50-game season of. This specificity of the first 50 games thus differs from records for most goals in a season, which is not limited by the increasing number of scheduled games in an NHL season, which has been as high as 84 games ( and ), and has been set at 82 games since the, barring circumstances such as the lockouts of 2004–05 and 2012–13, and the COVID-19 pandemic.

While not considered an official record, the following players scored 50 goals in their first 50 games, but outside of their teams' first 50 games, due to having missed some of the team's first 50 games due to injury, disciplinary action, or other reasons.

World Hockey Association
Bobby Hull, the father of two-time 50-in-50 scorer Brett, never reached 50 in 50 during his NHL career, but he did record a 50-in-50 season in 1974–75 with the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association. The elder Hull's accomplishment made him the first player to reach the mark in any professional hockey league since Maurice Richard's 50-in-50 season in 1944–45. Hull had 47 goals through 49 games before recording a hat trick in his 50th game to reach the milestone. He finished the season with 77 goals in 78 games, which was the new NHL/WHA single-season record for most goals scored at the time (Phil Esposito of the Boston Bruins had scored 76 in 78 games in, though he only scored his 50th goal in his 58th game).

Anders Hedberg broke the record in 1976–77, also while playing for the Jets. He scored 51 goals in 49 games, becoming the first NHL or WHA player to score 50 goals in fewer than 50 games. He scored 70 goals in 68 games that season.

title: 50 goals in 50 games


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Henry A. Peirce

Henry Augustus Peirce (December 15, 1808 – July 29, 1885) was an American businessman and diplomat. Some sources spell his last name as Pierce.

Early life and business
Peirce was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts (now part of Boston) on December 15, 1808. His father was Joseph Hardy Peirce (1773–1832), the son of Joseph Peirce; his mother was Frances Temple. He had at least one brother and five sisters. He attended public schools in Boston, and then about 1822 worked for his father and uncle as a court clerk. On October 24, 1824, he enrolled on the crew of the merchant ship Griffon mastered by his brother Marus T. Peirce. On March 25, 1825, the Griffon landed in Honolulu for provisions. He was promoted to ship's clerk for the three-year trading voyage on the west coast of British Columbia. In September 1828 the Griffon was back in Honolulu, and Peirce stayed while his brother returned.

Peirce worked as a clerk for fellow ex-New Englander James Hunnewell (1794–1869), who ran a mercantile business. He eventually became a partner, and then owner when Hunnewell left in 1830. In 1834 he chartered the Becket from King Kamehameha III and traveled to China trading sandalwood and merchandise to the Kamchatka Peninsula. In 1835 he formed a partnership with one of the commanders of his ships, Captain Charles Brewer (1804–1885), and continued to develop the shipping business. Some time around 1828 he took a common-law wife (before marriages were legally required to be recorded) named Kahoa, or Virginia Rives, whose mother was a Hawaiian noble and father was Jean-Baptiste Rives, the French former Secretary of Kamehameha II. They had a son named Henry E. Pierce in 1830 (changing the spelling the last name), whom he took to the mainland for his education. Kahoa divorced in 1837, and Henry E. and his mother moved to Kamchatka.

In 1836 after sailing on one of his ships to China, he traveled to New York. It was his first time back in his native country for 12 years. On January 19, 1837, he sailed again out of Boston to Brazil. He then went around Cape Horn to Peru, where he was employed as Peruvian Consul to Hawaii. In November 1837 he sold a ship in Valparaíso, Chile and traveled overland back to Brazil. From there he sailed back to New York and Boston. He married Susan R. Thompson on July 3, 1838. Less than a year later he purchased the schooner Morse and left again on April 21, 1839. Via Cape Horn again, he arrived in Honolulu October, 1839. In November 1841 he sailed for Alta California. Although there were plans for American settlement, it was still a spare Spanish outpost. In a letter to Thomas Cummins in February 1841 he wrote:

"In my opinion California will become, in its future history, a second Texas....in less than six years more than fifteen thousand persons will have emigrated to California...we shall, I hope, see the country governed by our own enlightened laws, and the people speaking our own language."

He sailed south down the California coast, continuing to trade as he went. After reaching San Blas, Mexico, he traveled by land to Mexico City and the eastern coast, then boat to Cuba. From there he traveled north to Washington, D.C., where he met with Daniel Webster who was then Secretary of State. Finally he saw his family again for the first time in three years.

In 1843 Peirce retired from the Honolulu business, which became C. Brewer & Co. After some other owners, the name would be changed back by Brewer's nephew, the name it would keep through the 21st century. It became one of the Big Five companies that dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii.

In 1844 Peirce took a tour of Europe, but continued to invest in shipping ventures. One of his ships was chartered in 1847 to send provisions to Monterey, California, for the U.S. forces there. At the start of the California Gold Rush, he sailed on the ship Montreal on January 19, 1849. When they arrived in San Francisco in July 1849, the entire crew left to join the gold rush. By September he had gathered another crew and sent the Montreal back to New England, while he went to Honolulu. He invested in a small sugarcane plantation at Līhuʻe on Kauai island with Charles Reed Bishop and William Little Lee, but it failed due to uneven rainfall. After William Harrison Rice constructed an irrigation system, the plantation was reorganized in 1859.

Meanwhile, Peirce headed off to China. There he joined a venture sending Chinese goods to San Francisco at a great profit. Finally in April 1850 he returned to Boston after circumnavigating the Earth. Seeing the new market potential, he joined his old friends Hunnewell and Brewer in a partnership sending goods between Hawaii and California. This time he stayed behind with his wife and two children, acting as Consul for Hawaii in New England.

The outbreak of the American Civil War and financial scandals caused great losses in the 1860s. He helped provide transportation for troops, and was meeting at Port Royal, South Carolina, with Admiral William Reynolds whom he had known in Hawaii in 1840, when he heard Abraham Lincoln had been assassinated. He attended the funeral procession on his way home. In 1866 he invested in a venture to use freed slaves for a cotton plantation in Yazoo County, Mississippi, but that venture also failed. He had to sell his Beacon Street mansion to settle his debts.

Diplomacy
On May 10, 1869, Peirce was appointed U.S. Minister to Hawaiian Islands, and confirmed by the U.S. Senate on December 21, 1869. This time he traveled on the transcontinental railroad and arrived in Honolulu by June 15, 1869, twenty years after his last visit. On July 19, 1869, he presented his credentials at the court of King Kamehameha V. When this last ruler of the House of Kamehameha died on December 11, 1872, without naming a successor, the Kingdom faced a political crisis. The popular King Lunalilo then died on February 3, 1874, again with no successor, and the crisis deepened when King Kalākaua was elected by the legislature. Supporters of Queen Emma of Hawaii who was popular with the people, started to riot. At the request of C. R. Bishop who was Minister of the Interior, Peirce called out American troops from the sloops USS Tuscarora (1861) and USS Portsmouth (1843).

On November 17, 1874, Kalākaua left accompanied by Peirce and some other government ministers on a visit to Washington, D.C., which was the first state visit of a ruling monarch to the United States. They were guests at a state dinner and reception with President Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Cabinet. The Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 allowed use of Pearl Harbor by the U.S. in exchange for elimination of tariffs on Hawaiian goods. This was a careful compromise between those who wanted full annexation of the islands or cessation of the Harbor, and others who opposed any threats to sovereignty. Peirce had worked for years on arranging the trip and treaty, interrupted by the deaths of the two previous monarchs. Kalākaua offered Peirce the Royal Order of Kamehameha, but he had to wait until no longer employed by the U.S. Government to accept.

He served until being replaced by James M. Comly on September 25, 1877. On November 17, 1877, he arrived in San Francisco, but the cold weather convinced him to return to Hawaii January 8, 1878. As he was about to leave, Kalākaua offered him the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Kingdom of Hawaii on March 1. There was a shortage of experienced politicians and diplomats willing to serve; in fact, the Minister from the Kingdom to the United States was fellow New Englander Elisha Hunt Allen. Americans were negotiating on both sides of the 1875 treaty. Allen also was chief justice of the Hawaii Supreme Court. However, after a no confidence vote was narrowly defeated by the legislature, Kalākaua replaced his entire cabinet on July 3, 1878. Peirce served for one session in the House of Nobles, and was sent to an exhibition in Boston in 1883. He returned to Boston one more time and then resided in San Francisco where he died on July 29, 1885.

title: Henry A. Peirce


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pakistan Social Democratic Party

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. Golbez 06:57, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Pakistan Social Democratic Party
Political party formed today. RickK 05:00, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC) Keep the rewrite. RickK 19:57, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * I hope they enjoy their party. Delete. --FCYTravis 05:16, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This newly formed party has 60 members. The article does not specify if any of them hold elected office which might confer notability. Delete. Keep Uncle G's rewrite - well done Uncle G.Capitalistroadster 05:29, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 05:46, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * keep notable Chubby Chicken 15:39, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Above recently created account, Chubby Chicken, is voting "keep, notable" for numerous clearly non-notable (indeed bordering on speedy) articles. Please keep that grain of information in mind when counting votes. -- BD2412 talk 20:15, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)
 * Research confirms that this is definitely a real political party, so this hasn't just been made up for Wikipedia. Unfortunately, the party's web site (according to a list of socialist political parties around the world) is unreachable.  However, this party has been around for longer than 1 day.  In the National Assembly and provincial assembly elections in 2002 it put forward 1 candidate, with a wristwatch as the party symbol, who apparently didn't win; and in 2004 it was asked by the electoral commission along with 11 others to have its submitted statement of account audited by a chartered accountant and re-submitted, doing better than the 34 parties that didn't submit statements at all. Given that we cover other fielded-one-candidate-who-lost parties such as Your Political Party of British Columbia, The Common Good, and Emerged Democracy Party of British Columbia; and parties such as Republic Aotearoa New Zealand Party and New Zealand Family Rights Protection Party I'm currently at Weak Keep. Uncle G 15:54, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)
 * This article is not about the real Social Democratic Party of Pakistan, but more nonsense from creators of Pakistan Social Democratic Platform. Delete . - Mike Rosoft 18:28, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah. In which case ... Uncle G 19:14, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)
 * It is now. ☺  Rewritten article. Uncle G 19:14, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)
 * And now I am changing my vote to abstain. - Mike Rosoft 02:35, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - definitely after rewrite gren 19:16, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep Revolución 20:10, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, good rewrite. -- BD2412 talk 20:15, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)
 * Keep, thanks Uncle G Kappa 21:12, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable. — Sesel wa  21:30, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: Template:Infobox dog breed

title: Template:Infobox dog breed


text: User talk:65.105.119.62

title: User talk:65.105.119.62


text:
Downhaul

The downhaul is a line which is part of the rigging on a sailboat; it applies downward force on a spar or sail. The most common downhaul on a modern sailboat is attached to the spinnaker pole, though this may be referred to as the foreguy in some rigging nomenclature. The term is also commonly applied to the cunningham on the mainsail.

In a windsurfing rig, the downhaul is the primary load-bearing line which controls the sail's shape. Modern windsurfing sails incorporate a sleeve for the mast, and therefore do not have a halyard which tensions the top of the sail. The downhaul is tensioned early in the rigging process and is generally not adjustable on the water, and is therefore rather different in use than the downhaul on a sailboat.

title: Downhaul


text:
Talk:Urban rail transit

-- With separate long articles on Rapid transit and light rail, there is no need for this one as well. It should be merged with the general public transit article. --Anonymous, 05:00 June 11 (UTC). -- Reflects a pretty European look at things. Stateside, I see things separated into 'Heavy Rail', 'Commuter Rail', 'Light Rail', and 'Streetcar'. The distinction of 'grade separated' as the distinction for 'rapid' is nowhere observed. Theblindsage (talk) 23:27, 31 July 2013 (UTC)

---

The section on transit economics was not acceptable. It only included a single reference, and it was to the scholarly journal of a libertarian think tank with the article written by a fellow at the libertarian Cato Institute. I think that this would be an acceptable reference if it was amongst several references that included more diverse opinions and more mainstream opinions, but standing by itself it presents an outside the mainstream viewpoint that is not countered by more popular thought. I am deleting it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.184.178.71 (talk) 15:54, 9 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Anon relies on unknown and uncited courses for his personal beliefs. That is not an acceptable reason by Wiki's NPOV rules to delete sourced text.  The complaint that there are other viewpoints is solved by ADDING those viewpoints. Rjensen (talk) 16:07, 9 August 2013 (UTC)
 * The article probably should be deleted due to factual errors in the article. Early on, one of the sources in the article ridiculously states that less than 1 million Americans use public rail transit to commute to work.  When the actual weekday ridership on just the NYC subway is 5.4 million people.  This kind of major factual error calls into question the integrity of the article and is a reason that probably justifies deletion of the source.Lance Friedman (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 19:05, 9 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Commuters only represent a fraction of the total ridership. But less than 1 million seems unlikely nationwide.--Howchou (talk) 19:13, 9 August 2013 (UTC)
 * You need to support deleting that transport economics section that has this encyclopedia declaring urban rail transport to be a confirmed failure based on a single libertarian source. Libertarianism, which I have nothing against, is not a mainstream political or economic philosophy. Only a single digit percentage of academic economists believe in libertarian/austrian economics. There have to be more sources. Besides the issue of sourcing, the sentence is written very misleadingly if you actually go to the source and investigate the data that the libertarian study is making its claims off of.

"They also, say some American economists claim that, contrary to popular belief, rail transit has failed to improve the environment, serve the poor, or reduce highway congestion in the United States. They also say economists are somewhat more optimistic about rail transit's impact on economic development."

That makes it sound as though rail transit is failing, right? All those people using trains rather than cars doesn't help the environment? How can that be? Well, according to the source, there isn't much environmental savings because (1) most rail travelers are former bus travelers and (2) induced demand for auto transport means that not as many auto trips are saved as there are former auto commuters who switch to rail. Both of them have key words: "most" and "as many". At least SOME rail commuters are former auto commuters, and at least SOME AMOUNT of auto trips are saved because the availability of rail shifts the auto demand curve. Never mind that at different points, the source contradicts itself on the point of most rail commuters being former bus commuters by complaining that rail transport also fails to serve the poor by only offering service at places where rich people live, so that it can replace car travel, at the expense of the quality of bus routes in areas where poorer people live. Such is the nature of a libertarian economics essay, it can only make its points by twisting the words of its references. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.184.178.71 (talk) 16:42, 11 August 2013 (UTC)

"T-bane"?
Would this "T-bane" be a reference to Stockholm's Tunnelbanan, T-banan for short? If indefinite forms can be used, drop the trailing "n".. -- 84.250.167.86 (talk) 20:22, 31 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Urban rail transit


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Union Station (LACMTA station)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirected. JYolkowski // talk 15:16, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Union Station (LACMTA station)
Information on page merged over to Union Station (Los Angeles). Now its just reduntant page. --Da 'Sco Mon 05:09, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and was bold in creating a redirect. --FCYTravis 05:40, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Permission (magazine)

Permission was one of the largest gothic magazines of the 1990s. It was first produced in Chicago in 1992 by Jayson Elliot. The first issue appeared as a newsprint 'zine, with a mix of articles about bands (such as Alien Sex Fiend and Young Gods), amateur poetry, disturbing comics (such as Scott Warren piece on serial killer Ed Gein), and fiction by local industrial musicians such as Jim Marcus (Die Warzaw).

As the industrial and gothic scenes peaked in the US during the early and mid-nineties, Permission grew rapidly, putting out ten issues at the rate of about two or three per year. Before Permission, the pre-eminent goth magazine had been Propaganda; but its fan base began to stagnate just as Permission's began to grow. While Propaganda and its emulators (Ghastly, Carpe Noctem, Dark Angel, etc.) reflected a serious, almost dogmatic approach to goth, Permission took a more jumbled, even humorous approach. Though it was prone to slip into self-importance from time to time as well, regular features like "Why'd You Get Kicked Out of Denny's?" or "Science Geek" kept things light. Every issue had comics in the back, and readers were more likely to find a pin-up of a professional wrestler The Undertaker than gothic makeup tips.

Publishing in the days before the Web, Permission was, along with related publication IndustrialnatioN, a primary source for reviews of goth and industrial music. A typical issue would contain between one and two hundred album reviews. The writing quality was varied; though the features themselves could be insightful.

Permission's music coverage in the '90s reads like a guide to industrial/goth, from Skinny Puppy and KMFDM to Human Drama and Kommunity FK, and was known for its irreverent photography. Legendary Pink Dots wore a giant toy hat in a photo booth. Sheep on Drugs were given tiny birds and toy mushrooms. Thrill Kill Kult was splayed across the hood of a flaming '70s conversion van. Pigface appeared as just an iron and a blender.

A compilation album released by Permission was titled "TV Terror: Felching A Dead Horse" and featured covers of television theme songs played by some of the darkest, loudest bands of the time. The album had the distinction of being the catalyst for the first use of the word "felch" on national television, when Kurt Loder reported its release on MTV News.

The magazine's creator Jayson Elliot was busy in the goth industrial scene and often travelled to throw Permission parties or tours with bands. In 1994, he managed Procession, the "world gothic tour" featuring goth bands from four countries traveling around the United States. While turnout was heavy for the tour, a series of mishaps and conflicts left him soured on the scene. Moving the magazine to San Francisco in 1995, Permission continued to grow, though as its circulation increased, Jayson took the direction further and further from its punk/goth/industrial origins. By 1997, the magazine had reached its peak of popularity, with over forty thousand readers. Still, the strain of running the magazine and his disaffection with the scene led Jayson to cease publication in 2001.

In 2004, Permission re-formed in New York City, again under Jayson Elliot's direction. The magazine re-launched with an entirely new focus and design, much like the Details magazine in the 1980s did, without referencing the past. Now a fashion and lifestyle magazine, Permission bills itself as "life + style for emerging artists", and focuses on up-and-comers in all the creative fields.

title: Permission (magazine)


text: User talk:139.55.52.228

title: User talk:139.55.52.228


text:
Discaria toumatou

Discaria toumatou, commonly called matagouri, tūmatakuru, or wild Irishman, is a tangle-branched thorny plant endemic to New Zealand.

Taxonomy and etymology
This species was described by Étienne Raoul in 1844 from material collected at Akaroa in association with Pteridium esculentum. The generic name Discaria refers to disc-shaped flowers. The Latinised specific epithet Raoul chose, toumatou, is a corruption of the word tūmatakuru, one of the Māori names for this species, which he transcribed as "toumatou-kourou"

The English name matagouri is another corruption of tūmatakuru. Other names in Te Reo include tūmatakuri and tūturi. Another name is "wild Irishman"; the writer Samuel Butler in 1863 recalled "…a very uncomfortable prickly shrub, which they call Irishman, and which I do not like the look of at all."

Description
Matagouri is a tangle-branched, extremely spiny, divaricating shrub; sometimes it can grow to be a small tree up to five metres tall with rough grey bark. It is deciduous and has very small leathery leaves mostly in spring and early summer. The glossy green leaves arise at the bases of the spines, which can be several centimetres long. The spines are green when young, later turning grey. Matagouri is the only New Zealand native plant that has spines of this kind.

The flowers are tiny, scented, and white with no petals, only 4–5 triangular petal-like sepals. They appear in October–December, followed in January–March by small three-lobed green to brown fruits.

Distribution
D. toumatou is common in the eastern South Island and in Chatham Island, and is found in a few coastal localities in the North Island south from the mouth of the Waikato River. It commonly forms thickets in lowland to montane tussock grassland, stony areas, sand dunes, and river beds, and occasionally in subalpine scrubland.

Ecology
As with other Discaria species, matagouri fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere with the help of symbiotic bacteria of the genus Frankia in its roots, and so can grow in nutrient-poor habitats. It often grows in association with mingimingi (Coprosma propinqua), porcupine shrub (Melicytus alpinus, an alpine mahoe), native brooms (Carmichaelia species) and the introduced weed sweet briar (Rosa rubiginosa). Matagouri grows slowly, and plants in undisturbed areas can be over 100 years old.

Threats
Matagouri is often cleared, burned, or poisoned by farmers to create pasture, but as a native plant it has complete protection on public conservation land and a degree of protection on private land under the Resource Management Act 1991. In a notable case a 400 ha area of matagouri, including trees that may have been 150 years old, was illegally sprayed at the head of Lake Sumner in 2001. It also faces competition from the invasive introduced species gorse and broom, and is attacked in Spring by possums, which can ring-bark entire trees. Although it can resprout after fire, sheep and rabbits combined with regular tussock burning has significantly reduced the once-extensive forests of matagouri that once stood 6 m high.

The regeneration of this plant is hindered as a result of the need for both male and female plants to be grown near each other to reproduce.

Conservation efforts
This species is regarded as being in serious decline in the Wellington region. In 2021 a population of this species was discovered on the Miramar peninsular as a result of Predator Free Wellington's pest eradication efforts. Seeds were gathered by the Wellington City Council and propagated helping to increase plant numbers in the region. In 2023 two individual plants near Wellington Airport had to be removed due to construction by the Wellington City Council. Prior to their removal the Council collected cuttings and seeds to assist with the efforts of regenerating this species and to help increase the genetic diversity of the surviving relic populations.

Cultural uses
Matagouri spines were used by Māori for tattooing when no better tool was available. In 1997 matagouri, along with other Wellington coastal species, was planted in traffic islands in Petone Esplanade in Lower Hutt.

title: Discaria toumatou


text:
Talk:Boss Nass

Untitled
I rewrote the article from scratch, as the original draft was directly ripped from the starwars.com databank. Feel free to improve this however you see fit, but keep it from being a copyvio.

205.200.62.76 05:16, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

AFD nomination
On 31 Dec 2007, this article was nominated for deletion. The archive of the discussion can be found here.

title: Talk:Boss Nass


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Simmon-hall-mit-boston-usa.jpg

Simmon-hall-mit-boston-usa.jpg
I just thought this picture was striking, improves the articles, and so on. Although it's kinda confusing where's sky, where's not, it's a nice picture. Taken by ReneS (Rene Schwietzke) used in Massachusetts Institute of Technology article. - WB 05:16, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nominate and support. - WB 05:16, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I don't find it striking; the repetitiveness in the windows gives it a rather ordinary look. also, its artificiality is a little too apparent. Enochlau 03:48, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Too repetitive like Enochlau said. There isn't much to see except squares of windows. • Thorpe • 11:37, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Boring. -Lommer | talk 19:07, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.png|15px]] Oppose. ditto. Is this a picture or a computer generated image? --Fir0002 04:38, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I don't know for a fact, but I assume it's the side of the building. you can see curtains in some of the windows. -- Silversmith  Hewwo 18:17, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose -- This is featured pictures, not puzzles. -- Longhair | Talk 02:18, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I think it's great. I love the geometry and the colours. It reminds me of a Mondrian. (oops, I forgot to sign). -- Silversmith Hewwo 10:20, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I think it's great too. Ericd 21:40, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I like that sort of symmetry and grid effect. Looks really clean. --Bash 08:04, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I like the style of the photograph, although the rotated alignment seems a little perverse. However, we already have one FP of a post modern building on the MIT campus. Also the Simmons Hall isn't much discussed in the text, so I'm not sure it does add that much to the article. -- Solipsist 18:57, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - I don't know if this is a computer drawing or photograph, either way round it's very boring - Adrian Pingstone 18:58, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a real picture. See this picture.-- WB 11:14, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.png|15px]] Oppose - orientation is confusing. which way is up? Kaldari 22:54, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The sky must be up, no? -- WB 11:14, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * In this case I don't think the sky is up. I think the pic is just taken high up the building, where you can see the sky to the side (Note the curtains).  But I could be wrong. -- Silversmith  Hewwo 18:58, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * To be fair, I guess the point of the rotated frame of reference is to get you to concentrate on the pattern and symmetries of the facade - which it succeeds in doing. If you stare straight up in New York, you can get this sort of sideways verticle view point almost anywhere. But sometimes going for the artistic effect, obscures the subject a little too much. -- Solipsist 14:40, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Looking at this picture from a diferrent point of view, it is viewing up (the sky). If you see my above comment to Arpingstone, the building isn't that high up anyway. -- WB 23:08, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose, boring. Phoenix2  01:42, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 4 / 9 / 0 --Spangineer (háblame)  14:12, Jun 25, 2005 (UTC)


text:
The Atomic Fireballs

The Atomic Fireballs were a Detroit swing revival band led by vocalist/songwriter John Bunkley. The group was formed during 1996 with Bunkley on vocals, James Bostek on trumpet, Tony Buccilli on trombone, Duke Kingins on guitar, Shawn Scaggs on double bass, Eric Schabo on tenor sax, Geoff Kinde on drums, and Randy Sly on piano. Scaggs was replaced by Seán E. Harris on double bass and Bostek was replaced by Kenneth Ferry Jr. on trumpet. The band was discovered by former Kid Rock manager Michael Rand. After booking the band nearly 60 concerts, Rand began the process of introducing the band to major record labels. The band was signed to Lava by A&R executives Rick Goetz and Jason Flom.

The Atomic Fireballs released two albums: Birth of the Swerve, which was released independently in 1998, produced at Tanglewood Studio in Brookfield, Illinois, and Torch This Place, which was released by Atlantic in 1999. Torch This Place was recorded at Armoury Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia, and was produced by Bruce Fairbairn along with engineers Mike Plotnikoff and Paul Silveira.

The band's biggest hit, "Man with the Hex", which interpolated the call and response from the 1947 film The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer, was included on the soundtracks of American Pie, Scooby Doo and The Haunted Mansion. This interpolation was also used in Labyrinth. "Man with the Hex" was used in several TV shows, most notably Dawson's Creek, and was featured on both Dancing With the Stars and So You Think You Can Dance as a quickstep. Visuals of the band performing "Swing Sweet Pussycat" are shown in the closing credits of the 1999 film Three to Tango.

The group disbanded in 1999, leaving the members to their own ventures. Bunkley produces paintings and solo works of music on his Bandcamp page. Kinde teaches drums and percussion at Oz's Music Ann Arbor, online lessons at Atomic Drummer and performs solo as Roland Remington. Schabo teaches history at Crestwood High School in Dearborn Heights, Michigan. Sly performs with The Verve Pipe.

Influences
The band's influences include Louis Jordan and Black Flag.

Discography

 * Birth of the Swerve (1998)
 * Torch This Place (1999)

title: The Atomic Fireballs


text: User talk:70.28.32.126

title: User talk:70.28.32.126


text:
Template:Infobox dog breed/testcases

Test of stock and x parameters for crossbreeds and hybrids
(or just to show modern breed ancestry). The foundation stock info is provided by stock or breeds, useful for both cross-breeds and for historical info for established breeds (and generic enough it can include dingoes, etc.) For inter-subspecific hybrids, x names the wild ancestor subspecies.

Test of providing standards without classification info
We can't actually depend on random editors to do this perfectly, so the template has to not barf all over the place when they don't.

title: Template:Infobox dog breed/testcases


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Juan Castro

Juan Gabriel Castro (born June 20, 1972), is a Mexican professional baseball coach and former infielder, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Cincinnati Reds, Minnesota Twins, Baltimore Orioles, and Philadelphia Phillies, during his 17-year big league career. Castro was known mainly for his defensive abilities. He was primarily a reserve player. Castro batted and threw right-handed. Following his retirement as a player, Castro joined the Dodgers organization as a coach. During the 2020 and 2021 seasons, Castro was the infield coach for the Phillies.

Los Angeles Dodgers
Castro was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1991 and began his trek through the minor leagues with the Great Falls Voyagers in 1991. He followed that up with time spent with the Bakersfield Dodgers, San Antonio Missions and Albuquerque Dukes. He was selected to the Texas League All-Star Team while with San Antonio in 1994.

Castro made his major league debut with the Los Angeles Dodgers on September 2, 1995 against the Montreal Expos as a defensive replacement at third base. He got his first at bat on September 11, and recorded his first career hit in his first career start on October 1 against the San Diego Padres.

Playing for the Dodgers was especially meaningful for Castro, as he idolized fellow Mexican and former Dodgers pitching ace Fernando Valenzuela as a child.

Castro played for the Dodgers through the 1999 season. His primary position was shortstop, but he also backed up at second base and third base.

Cincinnati Reds
After seeing very little playing time during the 1999 season, Castro was traded by the Dodgers to the Cincinnati Reds for Kenny Lutz on April 1, 2000, just before the start of the season.

He played with the Reds from 2000 to 2004, mostly as a utility player. In 2003, he batted .253/.290/.388 with career highs of nine home runs and 33 RBI in 113 games.

Minnesota Twins
In 2005, Castro was signed by the Minnesota Twins as a backup to rookie shortstop Jason Bartlett. Bartlett struggled and Castro saw increased playing time. He batted .257/.279/.386, and his nine sacrifices were seventh in the league.

Cincinnati Reds (second stint)
On June 15, 2006, Castro was traded back to the Cincinnati Reds for minor league outfielder Brandon Roberts. On September 25, 2006, the Reds signed him to a two-year, $2 million extension. On April 21, 2008, Castro was designated for assignment by the Reds.

Baltimore Orioles
On May 2, 2008, he became a free agent, and signed with the Colorado Rockies. After spending some time playing for the Rockies' Triple-A affiliate, the Colorado Springs Sky Sox, he was traded to the Baltimore Orioles on July 19 for infielder Mike McCoy, and was immediately added to the major league roster. Castro started more games at shortstop than any other player in 2008 for the Orioles.

Los Angeles Dodgers (second stint)
He became a free agent at the end of the season and on January 4, 2009, he signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with his original team, the Los Angeles Dodgers. He spent the season as a backup infielder and then filed for free agency again.

Philadelphia Phillies
Castro agreed to a one-year deal with the Philadelphia Phillies on November 24. Castro temporarily replaced Jimmy Rollins at shortstop after Rollins suffered a right calf injury. Playing third base, Castro fielded the ground ball and threw to first, completing the 27th and final out of Roy Halladay's perfect game on May 29, 2010.

Los Angeles Dodgers (third stint)
Castro was released by the Phillies on July 17, 2010, and returned to the Dodgers on a minor-league contract on July 27, 2010. The Dodgers called him up to the Majors on August 11, 2010. He appeared in one game and was designated for assignment on August 21. The Dodgers had intended to recall him when rosters expanded in September, but he chose to remain home to attend to an ailing family member. He became a free agent after the season but re-signed with the Dodgers on a minor league contract that included an invitation to spring training. He was assigned to the AAA Albuquerque Isotopes.

On May 13, 2011, he had his contract purchased by the Dodgers. After appearing in seven games, during which he was 4-for-14 (.286), he was again designated for assignment on June 6.

Retirement
He retired from baseball on July 10, 2011. Over 17 years in the major leagues, he batted .229/.268/.327.

Coaching career
Castro agreed to a new position as a special assistant to the general manager with the Dodgers, with involvement in player development and talent evaluation. He was also a coach with the Mexico national baseball team in the 2013 World Baseball Classic. Castro was the Dodgers minor league infield coordinator in 2015. In 2016, he was added to the Dodgers major league staff as a quality assurance coach. After the 2017 season, he left the Dodgers to become the director of operations for the Tijuana Toros in the Mexican League. In 2018, Castro returned to the Mexican Pacific League to manage the Águilas de Mexicali, his second stint as manager of the club. In 2019, Castro was announced as manager for Team Mexico at the 2019 WBSC Premier12 tournament. He joined the Philadelphia Phillies as an infield coach prior to the 2020 season. Castro was dismissed from his position on October 3, 2021, before the Phillies played their final game of the 2021 season.

In January 2022, Castro was named manager of the Mexican League team Diablos Rojos del México. In his first season, he led the team to a 50–24 record and a first place regular season finish in the LMB South Division. However, the team lost to eventual champions Leones de Yucatán in the Division Championship. Castro returned in 2023, but was fired on May 7, 2023, after a 6–9 start to the season.

title: Juan Castro


text:
Peter of Spain

Peter of Hispania (Petrus Hispanus; Portuguese and Pedro Hispano; century) was the author of the Tractatus, later known as the Summulae Logicales, an important medieval university textbook on Aristotelian logic. As the Latin Hispania was considered to include the entire Iberian Peninsula, he is traditionally and usually identified with the medieval Portuguese scholar and ecclesiastic Peter Juliani, who was elected Pope John XXI in 1276. The identification is sometimes disputed, usually by Spanish authors, who claim the author of the Tractatus was a Castilian Blackfriar. He is also sometimes identified as Petrus Ferrandi Hispanus (d. 1254 x 1259).

Life
The author of the Tractatus is assumed to have studied under John Pagus.

Philosophical works
There are a large volume of manuscripts and printed editions of the Summulae Logicales, indicative of its great success throughout European universities well into the seventeenth century. The most recent edition is Peter of Hispania (Petrus Hispanus Portugalensis), Tractatus called afterwards Summule Logicales, edited by Lambertus Marie de Rijk, Wijsgerige Teksten en Studies 22 (Assen: Van Gorcum, 1972). A later logical work of his is, in the most recent edition, Peter of Hispania (Petrus Hispanus Portugalensis), Syncategoreumata, edited by Lambertus Marie de Rijk and translated by Joke Spruyt, Studien und Text zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 30 (New York: E. J. Brill, 1992).

Peter of Hispania supported an investigation of teaching at the University of Paris which resulted in the Parisian bishop's Condemnation of 1277, which denounced Aristotelian propositions which conflicted with church doctrine.
 * Dialectica est ars artium, scientia scientiarum, ad omnium methodorum principia viam habens; sola enim dialectica probabiliter disputat de principiis omnium aliarum scientiarum, et ideo in acquisitione omnium aliarum scientiarum dialectica debet esse prior. "Dialectic [that is, logic, in Peter's terminology] is the art of arts, science of sciences, having the way to the principles of all methods; for in fact dialectic alone credibly argues about the principles of all other sciences, and therefore in [one's] acquisition (learning) of all other sciences dialectic must be prior." — Peter of Hispania.

Medical works
A Petrus Hispanus, usually identified as the same scholar, was also credited as the author of a Commentary on Isaac, one of the foundational texts of clinical pharmacology. A Pedro Hispano was also credited with the Treasury of The Poor (Thesaurus Pauperum), a comprehensive medical manual of diseases and remedies.

English translations

 * Peter of Spain Summaries of Logic, Text, Translation, Introduction, and Notes by Brian P. Copenhaver, Calvin G. Normore, Terence Parsons, New York, Oxford University Press, 2014. Another translation of Peter's Tractatus (=Summule Logicales) is Francis P. Dinneen, trans., Language in Dispute: An English Translation of Peter of Spain’s Tractatus called afterwards Summulae Logicales, ed. L. M. De Rijk, Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, vol. 39, Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science 3 (Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990).

title: Peter of Spain


text:
Nanny 911

Nanny 911 is a reality television show in the United States, which originally aired on Fox from 2004 to 2007.

On February 27, 2008, Fox announced that it sold the rights to Nanny 911 (as well as its partnered Fox show, Trading Spouses) to CMT. New episodes of the series aired on CMT from April to June 2009. The show also previously aired reruns on ABC Family in 2008.

In the United Kingdom, the show airs on ITV2, whose sister company, Granada America, produces the show.

Synopsis
Nanny 911 is loosely based on the British television programme Little Angels, in which American families with unmanageable children are reformed by British nannies, including one who served for the royal family.

The introduction features montages of several clips of unruly children (and the nannies' surprised reactions), whereupon stock footage shows a "call" being made to Nanny 911 where "Head Nanny Lilian" (Lilian Sperling, featured as "Nanny to the British Royal Family") answers "Hello, this is Nanny 911" (on an old rotary dial phone).

After the intro the selected family is featured on a separate clip. Head Nanny Lilian and the other nannies – "Nanny Deb" (Deborah Carroll), "Nanny Stella" (Stella Reid), and "Nanny Yvonne" (originally Yvonne Shove, later replaced by Yvonne Finnerty for unspecified reasons) discuss the clip, whereupon Lilian announces (based on the major need; each nanny specializes in one area, such as proper etiquette or controlling temper tantrums) which nanny will visit the family. The nannies are featured visiting the family in traditional nanny dress (similar to that worn by Mary Poppins).

The nanny's first day is spent solely in observing the family dynamics in order to determine a suitable plan of action for changing the children's behavior; at the end of the day the nanny discusses what needs to be done. The remainder of the week shows the plan being implemented, along with the parents' reactions (which can be quite negative, especially when the nanny mentions how the parents' actions have resulted in the problem). At the end of the week, the nanny generally compliments the family for the changed behavior. The last segment shows the family receiving a substantial gift from the nanny (such as a new car or a home renovation).

The families that are eligible for the show usually have four or more children (though some episodes show homes with fewer children), and the children are usually younger than 9 years of age (though also not always the case). The parents usually have an income that allows them to be upper middle-class.

After Season Two, the gift portion was removed. In Season Four, Nanny Yvonne did not appear due to budgetary reasons and the format changed. Rather than showing a clip to the nannies then deciding which one would go, Lillian just called one of them and sent them to the family. In some episodes this season, the nanny observes for two days rather than one.

International versions
Nanny 911 has been broadcast or slightly adapted in other countries.

 * The American version of Nanny 911 has been shown on ITV2 and the main ITV Network.
 * Reruns of the U.S. version of Nanny 911 were previously shown on Dabl, CMT and Up TV.
 * The U.S. version is shown in Canada on W Network and Twist TV.
 * The Chinese version is shown on Guizhou Satellite Channel and known as 育儿大师.
 * The U.S. version is shown in Mexico on TVNL and known as Niñera S.O.S.
 * Katharina Saalfrank is the Nanny 911 in the German version, aired on RTL.
 * Dorota Zawadzka is the Nanny 911 in the Polish version, aired on TVN, and a co-host of the talk-show I Ty możesz mieć superdziecko (You too can have a superchild), in which Nanny 911 analyzes episodes from her series, talks to celebrity parents, and gives her advice. It is broadcast by TVN Style.
 * Cathy Sarrai was the Nanny 911 in the French version, aired by M6, until her death from lung cancer on January 19, 2010. The new Nanny is Sylvie since November 2013.
 * Rocio Ramos is the Nanny 911 in the Spanish version, broadcast on Cuatro. Another version with teenagers called S.O.S. Adolescentes is also aired on Cuatro. In the Spanish regions of Catalonia and Basque Country, the original version is broadcast by TV3 with Catalan dubbing and by ETB 1 with Basque dubbing respectively.
 * The Dutch version is called Eerste Hulp Bij Opvoeden. The name is a play on Eerste Hulp Bij Ongevallen, the Dutch term for first aid. Other similar programmes exist, such as Schatjes, which use a slightly different concept.
 * The Italian version is called S.O.S. Tata and aired until 2012 on Fox Life and La7, and since 2021 is called Supernanny on discovery+ and Real Time.
 * The Singaporean version aired on MediaCorp TV12 okto.
 * The Malaysian version aired on NTV7.
 * The Indonesian version aired on MetroTV.
 * The first Romanian nanny was Irina Petrea. The second was Raluca Iuga. The show aired on Prima TV.
 * The Israeli Nanny 911 is Michal Daliot. Aired on Channel 2, the show is also called Supernanny.
 * The Greek version is aired on Skai TV, with the name Νταντά Πρώτων Βοηθειών (First-aid nanny).
 * There is a Swedish version also called Nanny 911, where there was three nannies instead of one. It was aired a few years ago on TV4.
 * Wendy Bosmans is the Nanny 911 in the Belgian version aired on vtm.
 * A French Canadian version of Nanny 911 also exists, called Dre. Nadia : Psychologue à domicile ("Dr. Nadia : Psychologist at home").
 * The Russian version of Nanny 911 is aired by TNT, with the name "Няня спешит на помощь" ("Nanny races to rescue").

title: Nanny 911


text:
Talk:Johann Olav Koss

Wrong link
Tried to fix the link on the right side where the medals are listed. If you click on "10 000 meters" you will go to the 1500 meters, not the 10 000 meters. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.208.192.161 (talk) 07:28, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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title: Talk:Johann Olav Koss


text:
King's University (Canada)

The King's University in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, is a Canadian Christian university offering bachelor's degrees in the arts, humanities, music, social sciences, natural sciences, business, and education. King's is one of 26 publicly funded post-secondary institutions in Alberta. The university serves more than 900 students from across Canada and abroad, representing more than 16 nations.

History
On November 16, 1979, the Alberta Legislature approved The King's College Act which granted a charter to The King's College. King's was founded, by the Christian College Association (Alberta) as The King's College.

In December 1970, a constitution, and statement of principles gave written expression to their vision of Christian Higher education. The enabling legislation is the Post-secondary Learning Act.

On November 2, 1983, an official affiliation agreement was signed with the University of Alberta, ensuring that the great majority of courses at King's would transfer automatically to the University and making various University resources, such as the library and curriculum labs, available to college students. In 1987, The King's College was given the right to grant its first accredited degree, a three-year BA, with concentrations in a number of disciplines. Since then, it has been authorized to offer many other degree programs, as listed in this calendar.

In the summer of 1993, the college moved into its first permanent campus. In November of that year, the Alberta legislature approved the bill changing the college's name to The King's University College. In November 2015, the Alberta legislature passed a private member's bill changing the name to "The King's University".

King's partners with other Canadian organizations to provide education opportunities to students. Most notably, in 2011 The King’s Environmental Studies (ENVS) Program was granted professional accreditation from Environmental Careers Organization ECO Canada, the certifying body of the Canadian Environmental Accreditation Commission (CEAC). In 2013, King's signed an agreement with Newman Theological College to offer Bachelor of Education students the religious education courses necessary to be eligible for a continuous contract with Edmonton Catholic School District. In 2013, King's inaugurated the fourth President Melanie J. Humphreys. Humphreys took office on July 2, 2013, after the retirement of President Emeritus J Harry Fernhout (2005–2013). Fernhout was preceded by Henk Van Andel (1985–2005) and founding President Sidney DeWaal (1979–1983).

Equal-rights case
In the early 1990s, The King's University drew attention due to a controversial decision to fire an employee (Delwin Vriend, a lab assistant) because of his sexual orientation. At the time, the Alberta Individual Rights Protection Act did not cover discrimination based on sexual orientation, and the Human Rights Commission did not want to investigate it. Vriend took his case against the province of Alberta to court, which decided in 1994 that sexual orientation should be added to the act, a decision appealed by the government and overturned in 1996. But Vriend v. Alberta, brought before the Supreme Court of Canada in 1997 and decided in 1998, with the unanimous decision that "the exclusion of homosexuals from Alberta's Individual Rights Protection Act is a violation of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms".

In 2018, The Edmonton Journal ran an article noting that since the 1990s Equal Rights Case Kings University has become a place of acceptance for LGBTQ+ people. Kings University held its first Pride event in 2018 and has an active student run LGBTQ+ organization called SPEAK. Professors and LGBTQ+ students commented that Kings University is a safe place for LGBTQ+ individuals.

Programs
Students can enrol in over 650 courses across 37 disciplines. The King's University offers three-year and four-year bachelor's degrees in the arts, humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and commerce, as well as a two-year Bachelor of Education after-degree. Prominent programs include the Environmental Studies program and the Politics-History-Economics (PHE) combined major. Currently, the university has over 900 students enrolled in Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Music, Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Education programs. The King's University accepts academically qualified students of all faiths into its programs.

Research
Training of undergraduates in laboratory, field, or literary research, is figured prominently at King's. Many projects are collaborative with other universities, non-government organizations, community groups, or international partnerships. The King's Centre for Visualization in Science is developing computer-based teaching tools for high school science teachers to simulate properties and processes in chemistry and physics. Research with implications for social policy includes Alberta's oil sands, pluriformity in Alberta's public education system and national delivery of men's health services. Sustainability in business, communities, and resource-based livelihoods in Africa is the research focus of international partnerships with non-government organizations and other universities.

Simona Maaskant Library
The King's University library was renamed the Simona Maaskant Library in 1998, after its chief librarian Simona Maaskant. The Simona Maaskant Library contains over 75,000 physical materials (books and audiovisual materials) and 200,000 electronic materials.

The library is a member of the NEOS Library Consortium therefore offering users access to an additional 10 million materials through the consortium.

The Simona Maaskant Library also includes a special collections and archives division called The Gerry Segger Heritage Collection. The collection acts as a research centre for archival materials associated with Dutch-Canadians.

Micah Centre
The Micah Centre is focused on transformational development and social justice aims to provide students with further transformative experiences that shape their educational and vocational choices. The Micah Centre hosts the Interdisciplinary Studies Conference, a two-day conference held in the Fall and Winter semesters. Past topics include: Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Economics and Christian Desire, Culture Making, and The Alberta Oilsands.

The Micah Centre also coordinates The Honduras Water Project, recipients of Alberta's Award of Distinction for Internationalizing the Teaching and Learning Practice, annually sends service-learning teams to a remote Honduran village to both learn about poverty and development firsthand, and work alongside residents in constructing a community water system. Recent Micah internships with global NGO partners have emphasized community organization (Bangladesh), HIV/AIDs (Tanzania), and environmental sustainability (Kenya).

International studies
King's partners with more than 25 off-campus study programs in various locations including the Au Sable Institute of Environmental Studies (India, USA), Netherlandic Study Program, China Studies, Russia Studies, Middle East Studies, Film Studies (Los Angeles), and Uganda Studies. International students are eligible for campus employment in university research projects, the library, facility and grounds department, Tamil studies, and food services, among others.

Statistics
(as of Spring 2021)
 * Enrolment: 910
 * Post-graduate employment rate within 2 years: 98%
 * Student Scholarships and Awards Available each year: $660,000
 * Student to Faculty Ratio: 9:1
 * Male to Female Ratio: 5:7
 * Faculty and sessional instructors: 96
 * Countries represented in student body: 47 (10% International Students)
 * Number of alumni: 6,500+

Rankings and distinctions
For the last five years, King's has been a leader in its sector with "top of the class" grades for Student-Faculty Interaction, Class Size, Quality of Teaching, and Most Satisfied Student in The Globe and Mail Canadian University Report. It was also named best small university in Canada by Maclean's magazine for several years running. King's was named Most Supportive Campus Environment of any Canadian Institution, as measured by the National Survey of Student Engagement, and is in the top ten percent of all colleges and universities in North America.

King's received an A+ rating for overall student satisfaction on the Globe and Mail 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 Canadian University Reports.

Athletics
The King's University Eagles compete in the Alberta Colleges Athletics Conference. Team sports include basketball, soccer/futsal, badminton, and volleyball.

In the 2008–2009 season, the women's basketball team won their first-ever bronze medal.

Campus
King's buildings have floor area of 21,000 m2 on a site of 80,000 m2. Facilities include: 34 classrooms, eight science labs, three computer labs, a greenhouse, fine arts studios, a performance hall with Letourneau pipe organ and Glenn Gould piano, 1,200 m2 library, 900 m2 gymnasium, spacious cafeteria, drama space, conference rooms, atrium assembly space, outdoor sports fields, and two student residences.

Notable alumni

 * Ronald A. Kuipers ('91) – Philosopher of religion at the Institute for Christian Studies in Toronto
 * Ann Vriend ('97) – Winner of the Ottawa Bluesfest's 2013 'She's the One' contest for emerging artists

Notable faculty

 * Jacobus Kloppers (Professor Emeritus) – Internationally known classical organist.

title: King's University (Canada)


text:
Diotima

Diotima may refer to:

People

 * Diotima of Mantinea, an ancient female philosopher and tutor of Socrates
 * Pen-name of Esme Wynn-Tyson, British author.
 * Pseudonym of Susette Borkenstein Gontard in poetry by Friedrich Hölderlin
 * Pseudonym of Ermelinda Tuzzi, a protagonist in Robert Musil's novel The Man Without Qualities

Other

 * 423 Diotima, an asteroid
 * Diotima (album), a 2011 album by experimental black metal band Krallice
 * Diotima (magazine), a Greek cultural and social magazine
 * Diotíma (website), a website on women and gender in the ancient world
 * Diotima (typeface), a typeface designed in 1954 by Gudrun Zapf von Hesse

title: Diotima


text:
Talk:Hawaiiana

Assessment comment
Substituted at 17:17, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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"Hawaiiana" is a much older term than 1948.
There was a "Hawaiiana" department at the Hawaii Library as early as 1930. See "Mrs. Sutherland Named President" in the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 3/27/1930, p. 8. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nupepa hawaii (talk • contribs) 07:40, 14 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hawaiiana


text:
Russian hip hop

Russian hip hop refers to hip hop music recorded in Russia or in the Russian language in former Soviet states such as Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. Hits by Russian rappers are included in the soundtracks of some PC-games and have formed part of several popular internet memes.

Many Russian rap artists have achieved commercial success, including Detsl, Bad Balance, Centr, Kasta, Oxxxymiron and Belarusian artist Seryoga.

Especially at the end of the 2010s and the beginning of the 2020s, rap has become a very political form of music in Russia. In this respect, rap could be compared to rock in the 1980s, which gave voice to young people critical of the Soviet system, expressed, for example, by Viktor Tsoi's Khochu peremen ("I want changes").

The increased politicization was most impressively demonstrated at the end of 2018, when a string of concerts were canceled. Among them was a performance by rapper Khaski (real name Dmitry Kuznetsov) in Krasnodar at the end of November. After the local prosecutor's office banned him from performing at Club Bounce on the grounds that the music contained extremist ideas, drug glorification and a call to suicide, the rapper stood on the roof of a car and began singing to his fans in the street until the police took him away for "hooliganism" (chuliganstvo) leading to him initially being sentenced to several days in prison. As a result, many famous rappers gave a solidarity concert for him in Moscow.

1980s
Hip hop culture in Russia began during the mid-late 1970s from the growing influence of the Eurodisco movement in Soviet Russia. However, breaking was one of the first elements of American hip hop culture to become popularized in the country, along with skateboarding, DJing, and MCing shortly after. The beginnings of Russian hip hop's musical form, rap, can be traced back the 1980s. Regarded as the first 'rap group in Russia, the group "Rush Hour" (Chas Pik) created one of the first attempts at rap in their 1984 album, "Rap." The album contained a track called "Rap" which featured lyrics based on multiplication tables and letters and took its inspiration from the funk-based style of the popular track, Rapper's Delight by Sugarhill Gang, released five years earlier. The 1980 Summer Olympics, held in Moscow, was one of the main catalysts for bringing hip hop culture to Soviet Russia, and by 1985 events like the 12th World Festival of Youth and Students and Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of Perestroika further brought Western culture into the country.

1990s
Until the beginning of the 1990s, there were not many rap artists in Russia and the Soviet Union.

The pioneers of Russian rap were Mister Maloy, Bad Balance, Malchishnik, Bogdan Titomir. Russian hip hop, just like Canadian hip hop, is inspired by Jamaican music, which hit an upswing during the fall of the Soviet Union.

At the early and middle of '90s appears hip-hop scenes in Moscow (D.O.B Community, White Hot Ice) and Saint Petersburg (DA-108, Baltic Clan).

In late 90s, many new performers, such as Mikhey and Jumangee, STDK, and Detsl, had become popular. Many of them were former members of pre-existing bands. At the end of the '90s and beginning of the 2000s, Rostov-on-Don was considered the center of Russian hip hop subculture, and the most notable representative was Kasta.

2000s
In the early-2000s, the most popular performers were Kasta, Mnogotochie, Detsl, and Bad Balance.

In the mid-2000s, underground bands began to appear and became popular in Moscow (like Smoky Mo, Dymovaya Zavesa, 25/17, Krovostok, Money Makaz, Supreme Playaz, Underwhat, Ddrop, Kazhe Oboima). At the same time in Russia and Belarus, new R&B performers appeared (Maks Lorens, Bianca, Satsura, Band'Eros). Also this period was marked by the appearance of interesting musical projects such as jazz-rap band KREC, ragga-rap band DA BUDZ, glitch-hop project 2HCompany, comedy gangsta rap Krovostok.

In the late 2000s, the Russian rapper ST1M received scandalous popularity after production of his single "Я Рэп" (I'm Rap), featuring Seryoga, in which he was dissing nearly all of the most notable Russian rappers, similar to "How to Rob" by 50 Cent.

In 2007 the group Centr became increasingly popular, partially due to aggressive promotion on the internet, and in 2008 they won an award at the MTV Russia Music Awards. The members of the group were Aleksey Dolmatov, aka Guf, David Nuriev, aka Ptaha ("ptaha" means "a little bird" in Russian) and Vadim Motylyov, aka Slim. Their two albums, «Качели» (Kacheli/Swing) and «Эфир в норме» (Efir v norme /Ether's Fine) became one of the most popular Russian hip hop albums). In 2008 it won MTV Russia Music Award for Best Hip Hop Project. In 2010 the group disintegrated because of the controversies among its participants and the each of them continued the solo career or joined the other groups. In the 2016 the group reunited and recorded the new album, «Система» (Sistema / The System).

In 2008 Russian musical channel Muz-TV started a hip-hop show Battle for Respect, which led the winner Ant (Zasada Production) to become highly popular. In 2009, Putin spoke at the Battle for Respect competition and on the one hand praised hip-hop culture for the cultural exchange that it reflects. On the other hand, he spoke about drug abuse, which he claimed was linked partly to the scene. Putin warned against the abuse of addictive substances. However, he said that breakdancing was proof that hip-hop could promote a healthy lifestyle, because in his view such impressive and strenuous dances were simply impossible under the influence of drugs.

In the late 2000s - early 2010s the new notable performers appeared on the Gazgolder Records label, owned by Basta (such as AK47,(gamora) Triagrutrica, Tati, Charusha, Slovetsky and Skriptonit, the DJ from Kazakhstan).

2010s
In a 2018 speech, Russian President Vladimir Putin denounced rap music, saying that it would lead to the degradation of Russia and that it rested on the pillars of "sex, drugs and protest." He asked the Council for Culture and Art in St Petersburg to bring rap culture to heel, saying "if it is impossible to stop it, it should be taken over and navigated in a particular way."

title: Russian hip hop