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Michaela Strachan

Michaela Evelyn Ann Strachan (, born 7 April 1966) is an English television presenter. She is best known for her work with wildlife series such as The Really Wild Show and Springwatch. She lives in South Africa.

Early life
Born in Ewell, Surrey, on 7 April 1966 Strachan grew up in Hinchley Wood and attended Chadsworth Stage School, then Claremont Fan Court School, both in Esher. In her teens, she suffered from anorexia. Later, while at ArtsEd, London, she briefly held jobs as an Avon lady and as a kissogram. After her years at ArtsEd, Strachan performed in theatre, before moving on to children's television.

In 1984, she appeared in the musical Seven Brides for Seven Brothers at the Grand Theatre, Blackpool.

Strachan had a brief music career as "Michaela" with two UK hit singles; a cover of Edwin Starr's "H.A.P.P.Y. Radio" (UK No. 62, 1989) and "Take Good Care of My Heart" (UK No. 66, 1990).

Television
Strachan was a presenter on Saturday-morning television in the 1980s, involved in such programmes as Good Morning Britain and Wide Awake Club with Timmy Mallett. In 1988, she hosted Boogie Box on music channel Music Box. From 1988 to 1992, Strachan starred as "Her" in the nightclub-set music show The Hitman and Her alongside Pete Waterman. In 1993, Strachan joined The Really Wild Show, a wildlife programme for children on BBC1.

She was a regular reporter for BBC One's Countryfile for many years until the programme underwent a primetime Sunday evening revamp in April 2009. Her move to South Africa prevented her from committing fully to the new show. While filming an item for Countryfile in 2002, Strachan entered the World Gurning competition at Egremont Crab Fair. To her surprise she won the Ladies' World Gurning Crown.

Strachan co-presented two series of Orangutan Diary with Steve Leonard for BBC One. These series followed the daily routines at a reserve for orphaned orangutans in Borneo and the work of Lone Drøscher Nielsen and her team in rescuing and rehabilitating the orangutans. They were broadcast in 2006 and 2008. She told The Independent that her greatest inspiration is Nielsen who "works under very difficult conditions and shows an all-consuming dedication to these animals".

In 2013 she presented the six-part series The Great Penguin Rescue on the Eden channel. In 2014 she was a contestant in series 2 of celebrity diving TV Show Splash!. In 2022 Digging For Treasure: Tonight premiered on Channel 5; Strachan co-presented the archaeology series with Dan Walker and archaeologist Raksha Dave. In 2022 Strachan presented Extreme Conservation on BBC World News and BBC Reel.

In March 2024 she was a participant in BBC's Pilgrimage. In April 2024 she appeared, as an enraged ornithologist, in the series 3 episode "The Career Ladder" of the Diane Morgan comedy series Mandy.

Springwatch
Since 2011 Strachan has co-presented Autumn, Winter and Springwatch for BBC2. The Watches have been hosted by reserves such as National Arboretum at Westonbirt, Slimbridge reserve, Wild Ken Hill and RSPB Arne.

Personal life
Strachan married filmmaker Duncan Chard in 1996, but they divorced five years later. On 8 June 2005, she gave birth to a son Oliver by partner Nick Chevallier. The couple live in Hout Bay, Cape Town, with Chevallier's children from his previous relationship.

She is allergic to elephants.

In 2014, she stated that she had had a double mastectomy and reconstructive surgery following a diagnosis of breast cancer. She later said, "Going through breast cancer also strengthened me. It has given me more resilience and made me appreciate my life more because I realise that something could have ended it early and that's a shock."

title: Michaela Strachan


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CJQM-FM

CJQM-FM (104.3 MHz Country 104.3) is a radio station in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The station is owned and operated by Rogers Radio, a division of Rogers Sports & Media, and broadcasts a country format. With 100,000 watts power, CJQM's signal is one of the strongest in the Sault Ste. Marie area, and can be heard northward to Montreal River and southward to Mackinaw City, Michigan and at times to Gaylord.

History
The station was launched on May 13, 1965 as CKCY-FM by Algonquin Broadcasting, the owners of the city's CKCY-AM. In 1976, both stations were acquired by Huron Broadcasting, who also launched CKCY-TV in 1978. Huron subsequently sold the radio stations to a new business consortium, CKCY 920 Ltd., in 1985. The station adopted its current callsign that year, as well as its longtime "Q104" branding. CKCY 920 Ltd. was subsequently acquired by Mid-Canada Radio in 1988, and Mid-Canada in turn was acquired by the Pelmorex Radio Network in 1990.

Due to the economic circumstances of the Sault Ste. Marie market, with competition from stations in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan severely curtailing the profitability of the Ontario stations, Pelmorex shut down CKCY in 1992. The company then entered into a local management agreement with Telemedia, taking over management of that company's CHAS-FM and making CHAS and CJQM sister stations, an arrangement that continues to this day. Telemedia subsequently acquired the Pelmorex group in 1999.

Telemedia was acquired by Standard Broadcasting in 2002, with Standard selling both CJQM and CHAS to their current owner, Rogers Media, the same year. Rogers Media would drop CJQM's longtime "Q104" branding on June 28, 2013, rebranding the station as Country 104.3, part of an effort by Rogers to apply a unified "Country" branding to its roster of country music-formatted stations.

The "Country 104.3" playlist emphasizes current country songs and artists, with a few classic country titles sprinkled in (the station has its own classic country show on Sunday mornings). The schedule also features a live local morning show hosted by Jeff McNiece, as well as syndicated weekly shows including American Country Countdown and Canadian Country Spotlight. CJQM was formerly radio home to the Ontario Hockey League's Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds, a relationship that ended after the 2008-2009 season; the Greyhounds are currently heard on Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan-based WSUE.

After more than 30 years, Jeff McNeice retired and signed off at CJQM in 2021. He became the last local radio show host on the Canadian side of the St.Mary's River. All local programming had been phased out earlier, including locally produced news and sports, in favour of amalgamating the stations formats from Ottawa and other Rogers Owned Country stations.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: CJQM-FM


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Don Merton

Donald Vincent Merton (22 February 1939 – 10 April 2011) was a New Zealand conservationist best known for saving the black robin from extinction. He also discovered the lek breeding system of the kākāpō.

When Merton began his work as a conservationist, kākāpō were believed to be extinct, but about 20 years into his career a small population was found in a semi-remote national park in mainland New Zealand. However, it was several months before they finally found a female, and soon after they found the first female they discovered a surprise, well-fed chick a few weeks old. Merton and his crew initially wanted to relocate all of the rediscovered kākāpō they found to Codfish Island / Whenua Hou, but the New Zealand Department of Conservation only gave permission to relocate 20. Despite the limited relocation, the kākāpō population has steadily recovered (as of 2019 there are 147 mature adult kākāpō, and the 2019 season produced 181 eggs and 34 chicks so far, though not all are likely to survive due to problems with in breeding- lack of genetic diversity). With technological advances in genome mapping tools like CRISPR, scientists have successfully mapped all of the 147 kākāpō genomes, and in the near future it may be possible to edit the genomes of an egg to allow for a higher survival rate among newly hatched chicks.

Until his retirement in April 2005, Merton was a senior member of the New Zealand Department of Conservation's Threatened Species Section, within the Research, Development & Improvement Division, Terrestrial Conservation Unit, and of the Kakapo Management Group. He had a long involvement in wildlife conservation, specialized in the management of endangered species since he completed a traineeship with the New Zealand Wildlife Service (NZWS) in 1960.

Early life
Merton was born in Devonport, Auckland in February 1939 and with his family moved to Gisborne later that year when his father, Glaisher (Major) Merton was appointed the first New Zealand Automobile Association representative in the Poverty Bay region. Initially, the family settled at Wainui Beach near Gisborne, but in 1945 moved to a farmette in Mangapapa Road, Gisborne.

Together with his two older brothers, Merton had early success fostering an orphaned wild goldfinch nestling to their grandmother's canary. This early success proved crucial 35 years later in inspiring a cross-fostering programme to save the black robin, which at that time numbered five individuals including just one productive pair, and was the most endangered species in the world.

Merton attended schools at Kaiti, Mangapapa, Gisborne Intermediate and Gisborne High School. On leaving school he secured a traineeship with the fledgeling New Zealand Wildlife Service. In 1987 the Wildlife Service merged with other Government conservation agencies to form the Department of Conservation. In the early 1960s, Merton became one of only two field officers working nationally on threatened species, roles now filled by more than 80 staff.

Professional achievements
DonMerton and RichardHenry Kakapo.jpg held by Merton, Codfish Island / Whenua Hou, November 2010. Richard Henry spent the past 35 years on four predatory-mammal-free islands. Named after Richard Treacy Henry the pioneer conservationist, and from 1894 to 1910, custodian of Resolution Island, New Zealand he was the last known survivor of his species from mainland New Zealand and was believed to be more than 100 years old.

Richard Henry's legacy: His one female and two male off-spring hatched on Maud Island in 1998 may hold the key to genetic rescue of a species suffering from chronic lack of genetic diversity. Richard Henry kākāpō was found dead on Codfish Island / Whenua Hou on 24 December 2010. ]]

Together with NZWS colleagues and volunteers, his contributions include:

 * pioneered capture and translocation techniques as management tools in the rescue and recovery of endangered birds: In the early 1960s Merton led some of the first successful translocations for conservation purposes involving New Zealand birds – including establishment of a second population of the North Island saddleback, and averting extinction of the South Island saddleback. Techniques pioneered then are now an everyday part of threatened species management within NZ and beyond;
 * pioneered "close order management" (COM) as a means of averting extinction; sustaining in the wild; and/or facilitating recovery of critically endangered species. COM involves intensive management of free-living animals at the individual rather than population level. The concept and techniques were developed and applied with outstanding success during the rescue and recovery of the black robin which Merton led in the 1980s. Refined and adapted over the years, close order management techniques pioneered then are now an integral part of threatened species recovery programmes internationally.
 * helped pioneer island biodiversity conservation and restoration techniques. For instance, in the early 1960s, he and Royal Forest & Bird Protection Society of New Zealand volunteers eradicated Norway rats from four small islands in the Noises group, Hauraki Gulf. This was the first time that rats had been deliberately eradicated from a New Zealand island and opened the way for ecological restoration of these – and many other islands both within New Zealand and beyond;
 * led the NZWS field teams that re-discovered the kākāpō parrot (in Fiordland) in 1974, and females of this species (on Stewart Island) in 1980. Females had not been seen since the early 1900s and it was feared they may have been extinct – and thus the species "functionally extinct";
 * discovered and documented the significance of the ritualised, nocturnal booming display of the kākāpō – it is, in fact, an unusual form of courtship display known as "lekking";
 * instrumental in averting imminent extinction of kākāpō (an endemic, monotypic sub-family): In the early 1980s; (i) determined that the newly re-discovered kākāpō population of southern Stewart Island was in steep decline due to predation by feral cats (~53% mortality per annum of marked adults); (ii) alerted NZWS, drafted submissions and obtained agreement from the various government and other agencies to relocate (and thus effectively destroy) the last natural population; and, (iii) as NZWS's Principal Wildlife Officer (Endangered Species), assumed responsibility for planning and leading the capture and relocation of all remaining (61) birds to Little Barrier, Maud and Codfish Islands.  This action proved very successful – the steep decline in kākāpō numbers was halted and adult mortality since (~30 years) has averaged a remarkably low ~1.3% per annum;
 * led the field project and devised the techniques necessary to capture, hold in captivity, transport and establish a second population of the endangered and highly localised noisy scrubbird of Western Australia. The second population is now by far the larger of the two;
 * during the 1980s helped devise and implement a recovery strategy for the critically endangered Mauritius parakeet of Mauritius (Indian Ocean). Only around eight birds including three females were known to exist at that time. There are now more than 300 in the wild;
 * also during the 1980s, devised and led the successful eradication of rabbits from Round Island, Mauritius (Indian Ocean) – Round Island was said to support more threatened animal and plant forms than any comparable area on Earth, but survival of these was seriously threatened by the rabbits;
 * instrumental in the designation of a national park within the Australian Territory of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) to facilitate survival of Abbott's booby (largest and most endangered gannet) and a unique raised tropical island ecosystem – while seconded for two years to the Australian National Parks & Wildlife Service as its first Conservator on Christmas Island;
 * played a key role in the rescue and recovery of the magpie robin and other animals endemic to the Seychelles Islands (Indian Ocean): In 1990 – 1992, in collaboration with BirdLife International staff, designed and implemented an effective recovery strategy and range of management techniques for the critically endangered Seychelles magpie-robin, the last ~20 individuals of which were confined to the 219 ha Fregate Island. Then, in 1995 when Norway rats reached Fregate Island, (final refuge of the last natural population of Seychelles magpie robin and a number of other vulnerable endemic life-forms), alerted the island's owner, and local and international conservation agencies to the fact that without intervention ecological collapse and extinctions were inevitable. Worked with stakeholders and by 1999 convinced all that eradication was both necessary and practicable. At their request planned, and in 2000 led a successful rodent (Norway rat and house mouse) eradication – thus averting extinctions and facilitating ecological recovery.
 * authored or co-authored ~150 publications, including books, peer-reviewed scientific papers, popular articles and technical reports.

In New Zealand Merton is also known for his role in the rescue of the South Island saddleback when in the early 1960s rats Rattus rattus invaded its final refuge – Taukihepa / Big South Cape Island; for facilitating recovery in the North Island saddleback, confined in the early 1960s to a single island (Taranga/Hen Island); for his role, since 1974, in developing the rescue strategy and techniques, and for his role in the rescue and recovery programme for the giant, flightless, nocturnal kākāpō parrot; and for devising the rescue strategy and leading the successful rescue and recovery of the Chatham Islands black robin when in the late 1970s its numbers fell to just seven individuals – including only one effective breeding pair. The black robin now numbers about 250 individuals on two islands.

Later life and death
Merton retired from the Department of Conservation in 2005. He lived in Tauranga where he remained active in conservation issues, and died there from pancreatic cancer on 10 April 2011.

Honours and awards
Merton was awarded a Churchill Fellowship in 1973 to study management of endangered species in the US and Europe. He was the international chairperson of IUCN/Birdlife International's Parrot Specialist Group from 1983 to 1986. In the 1989 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was awarded the Queen's Service Medal for public services; the following year he received the Royal Society of New Zealand's Fleming Award for Environmental Achievement; in 1992 the honorary degree of Doctor of Science was conferred on him by Massey University for his contribution to science; in 1994 the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (UK) awarded him its medal for his "international contribution to species survival" and in 1998 the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) elected him to its Global 500 Roll of Honour for his "outstanding contributions to the protection and improvement of the environment." Merton was named one of "100 Great New Zealanders of the 20th Century" in the 60th anniversary issue of the New Zealand Listener; in 2001 the New Zealand Government presented him with a certificate in commemoration of the United Nations International Year of the Volunteer 2001, for his "valued contribution toward assisting developing countries to reduce poverty and achieve sustainable development"; in 2004, BirdLife International awarded him its Conservation Achievement Award for achievements during his 48-year career in the rescue and recovery of endangered birds within New Zealand and elsewhere; on his retirement from the NZ Department of Conservation in April 2005 the Department granted him Honorary Technical Associate status – the first such recipient; in 2010 the Royal Forest & Bird Protection Society of NZ presented him with its "Old Blue Award" in recognition of his extraordinary and sustained contributions to conservation in NZ and worldwide"; and in 2011 he became a "Fellow of the Ornithological Society of NZ in recognition of his "lifetime contributions to ornithology and to the work of the Society".

As well as being the recipient of numerous awards the Don Merton Conservation Pioneer Award is named after him.

title: Don Merton


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User:Darthbob~enwiki

[[Image:Info icon.png|36px]] Informations

 * Name: darthbob
 * City : Nantes, France.
 * Website : la prise éclectique (http://www.laprise.org/) (in french)

Comics

 * interwiki of X-Men and other series from Marvel Comics

title: User:Darthbob~enwiki


text: Talk:Dynamic equations on time scales

title: Talk:Dynamic equations on time scales


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Samuel Green

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP but delete nonsensical bit. --Golbez 06:20, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Samuel Green
Hoax. Tell the author to get stuffed. -- RHaworth 10:34, 2005 Jun 12 (UTC)
 * Delete Even if you try, it is impossible to believe this! Sonic Mew 11:32, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * From Taxidermy.net: "The first taxidermists were primitive hunter-gatherers who crudely formed animal skins over mud and rock for use in their hunting rituals." It looks like faulty info. Delete, unless sourced and/or verified. Mgm|(talk) 13:11, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Sammy Green of Palestine? Oh, sure, we all know him!  Prank. Geogre 15:31, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Fake! ConeyCyclone 17:48, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Account created 17:05, 12 Jun 2005 and mostly used to vote on VfD's. Kaibabsquirrel 21:17, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. JamesBurns 04:19, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. There are several real notable Samuel Greens whom I added to the article, so don't delete them when you delete the fake one. Gdr 15:53, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Navajo Nation Zoological and Botanical Park

The Navajo Nation Zoological and Botanical Park (Diné Bikéyah binaaldeehii dóó chʼil danílʼínídi) is located in Window Rock, Arizona, the capital of the Navajo Nation. It is the only tribally owned zoological park in the United States and is notable among zoological facilities in that it labels its exhibits in the Native American Indian language of Navajo. Having been operated by the Navajo Nation Parks & Recreation Department since its inception in the early 1960s, it became part of the Navajo Nation Department of Fish and Wildlife in September 2006.

While its facilities have the unique mission of preserving and caring for the fauna and flora significant to Navajo culture, its existence has also sparked controversy among the more traditionalist elements in Navajo society.

History
The zoo's first specimen was a bear that had been left behind after the 1963 Navajo Nation Fair by a state organization, and the animal was named "Yogi the Bear," after the then-popular cartoon character. Since then, the exhibit has grown to about 50 different species on display, almost all of them native to the area. In 1976, the zoo, then named "Navajo Tribal Zoo," relocated to its current home and became part of the Navajo Tribal Parks & Recreation system. In September 2006, it was reorganized to be administered by the Navajo Nation Department of Fish and Wildlife.

Staff and budget
The facility's current director and curator is David Mikesic, a biologist that served the Navajo Nation as an endangered species field zoologist from 1994 to 2010 under the Navajo Natural Heritage Program. His predecessor, Matthew Holdgate, was the first director (2007 to 2010) under the Department of Fish and Wildlife's leadership of the facility. He was responsible for setting the Navajo Zoo on a course of transformation and modernization.

The zoo currently employs five dedicated full-time animal care staff; this includes four zookeepers and one supervisory zookeeper. These staff also provide the construction/renovation and behavioral enrichment activities. It is primarily funded by the Navajo Nation Government with an annual budget of under US$500,000, but also solicits for donations from project sponsorship, animal adoption, and donations. Admission to the facility is free.

Exhibits and mission
The zoo operates on an area spanning 14.7 acre and is located in the vicinity of the Navajo Nation Museum in Window Rock (Tségháhoodzání). It is home to about 100 animals, representing over 50 species and sees an estimated 45,000 visitors each year.

The zoo dubs itself "a Sanctuary for Nature and the Spirit", and according to its mission statement, it aims to conserve "native plants and animals, including rare, sensitive and endangered species" with an emphasis on fauna and flora that is important and significant to Navajo culture and traditions. In this spirit, it houses primarily injured and orphaned animals native to Navajoland and implements cultural and educational programs in cooperation with schools and similar facilities in the area. Furthermore, it provides care for injured and orphaned animals found in the wild. The zoo also fosters the use of plants and animals for ceremonial purposes in accordance with Navajo tradition, and regularly accepts appointments for offerings being made and ceremonies held within its facilities.

Its wild creatures include black bear, bobcat, Mexican wolves, mule deer, elk, Gila monsters, coyotes, cougars, and red foxes, as well as wild turkey, cranes, golden eagle, red-tailed hawk, and great horned owls. This zoo has exhibited the federally endangered Mexican wolf since the early 1980s. More recently, the zoo re-homed their three exhibit snakes in 2015 for cultural concerns, and became one of 20+ facilities across the U.S. to house the federally endangered black-footed ferret. In keeping with Navajo tradition, none of the zoo's birds were captured for the purpose of being exhibited, but were rather rescued after sustaining injuries from vehicles or electrical lines and are thus unable to fly; the majority of the other specimens are also non-releasable and unable to survive in the wild due to being orphaned or having been confiscated as illegal pets from their former owners.

Starting in 2008, the zoo's then 30-year-old Discovery Center was renovated and redesigned to bring it in line with modern zoo standards; apart from displaying the majority of the park's invertebrates, it also incorporates a display with traditional Navajo stories relating to the animals.

The major transformation of the Zoo continues in recent years; some of the notable improvements for exhibit animals include: incorporating behavioral enrichment practices into everyday activities, constructing permanent animal shades, enlargement of coyote and elk enclosures, incorporating wire mesh into exhibit renovations, construction of a quarantine and veterinary station, and constructing a large eagle aviary (details below). Major improvements for visitors include: more exhibit signage, a paved parking lot, concrete sidewalks, more seating around the zoo grounds, a covered stage for events, and installation of a 40-octagon pavilion for parties.

Animal adoption program
Any animal in the zoo can be "adopted" for a price; the adopting party will receive a certificate and has his or her name engraved on the plaque next to the exhibit in question. If the animal has never been adopted before, the sponsor will have the opportunity of giving the animal a name; in this process, various animals have been given names such as "Hunter" for the park's mountain lion, "Boomer" for the elk, and "Thor" for one of the golden eagles.

Golden Eagle Sanctuary
Since 2008, the zoo had lobbied for funding and a permit to build an eagle sanctuary in order to be able to distribute the animals' feathers to tribal members for ceremonial purposes in accordance with federal law. According to requirements under the federal Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, any remains of dead eagles are collected by the federal government and transported to a central repository in Colorado; members of Native American Indian nations then have to apply individually to receive parts, such as feathers, in a lengthy process with wait-times that can exceed several years. Since a tribal-operated eagle sanctuary constitutes an exception to the process, it is instrumental in strengthening Navajo cultural sovereignty. With support from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Navajo Nation was permitted in 2012 to release naturally-molted eagle feathers to enrolled member of the Navajo Nation. These feathers came from the four Golden Eagles already on exhibit at the zoo.

Then in 2015, the Navajo Nation Zoo was successful in obtaining the necessary funding for a large Eagle Sanctuary; the bulk of the direct funding came from the Navajo Nation Council, Navajo Nation Department of Tourism, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Tribal Wildlife Grant Program). Another nine Navajo-Tribal and NGOs, contributed in-kind services or direct funding to make this project a reality. The Navajo Nation Golden Eagle Sanctuary officially opened on July 1, 2016 with 5 non-releasable Golden Eagles. In 2018, the sanctuary houses 10 Golden Eagles. The facility has a footprint of 80 feet (length) by 50 feet (width) with many perching areas, and is permitted to house up to 25 Golden Eagles. This facility continues to serve as: a permanent home for non-releasable eagles, an exhibit of Golden Eagles, a location for eagle conservation education, and a legal source of molted feathers for Navajos and other Native Americans.

Controversies
In January 1999, outgoing Navajo Nation president Milton Bluehouse ordered the zoo closed after two women from Rock Ridge claimed to have been visited by the (traditional Navajo deities), who had given them a warning, saying that the Navajo people were not living according to tradition by keeping caged animals, specifically bears, snakes, and eagles, which are considered sacred.

Subsequently, during his first days in office, Bluehouse's successor, Kelsey A. Begaye, received more complaints and letters protesting the zoo's closure than concerning any other political issue. After temporarily reversing Bluehouse's decision, Begaye then summoned a meeting with the Navajo Nation's Hataałii Advisory Council to discuss the situation; the group, however, refused to consider the matter while the animals were in hibernation and postponed any advice or decision until April of the following year. Options under consideration were releasing the animals into the wild, not accepting new animals and closing the zoo after the last one had died, or renaming the zoo to a term that would be considered more respectful to the animals.

Opponents to the shut-down maintained that most of the animals were unable to survive in the wild and would perish, and that the zoo's facilities had become one of the last possibilities for future generations of Navajos to see the sacred creatures and thereby relate to traditional stories, due to the fact that most younger Navajos are more accustomed to dealing with domesticated livestock rather than untamed animals.

On March 12, Begaye announced his decision to keep the zoo open without expanding it and letting the remaining animals live out their lives on the zoo-grounds. According to Harry Walters, an anthropologist and former chairman of the Center for Diné Studies at Diné College in, the incident demonstrates a crucial difference between Navajo and Western culture in the way visions and supernatural experiences are handled: "Rather than focus on the sightings to determine if who saw it was nuts or not – that's what a Westerner would do – we look at it as a message: 'Are we going the way we should? Walters said.


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Talk:Lists of environmental topics

Comment
This alphabetical index is not for strictly scientific ecology topics. It is for ethical, economic, medical and political human-environment-relevant topics, some of which will be also on the list of ethics topics and list of economics topics. A rule of thumb: if the article talks about the likely impact on humans, it's probably an environment topic. If it doesn't, it's probably an ecology topic. (an a cooment that I gad removed from the article page. -- Alan Liefting- talk - 20:47, 13 February 2008 (UTC))

 * The pages have since been renamed and I am in the process of reducing the lists to anthropogenic effects on the environment. -- Alan Liefting- talk - 20:47, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Not so sure......
If you look at the introduction to this, the environment links to natural environment, which infers to me that this is only meant for natural topics Magicmonster 06:13, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * "Environmental" is highly politically charged. Thus you have environmental issues, agreements, legislation, an environmental movement, etc., and many related topics that feed into these.   Th e Tr ans hu man ist    22:46, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Two lists
Why? Ekem 23:33, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Try 1900-1980 and 1981-Present. Or lists based on the decade. Orngjce223Orngjce223 23:21, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Progress report

 * These were my current plans for this page (approximately in chronological order) until I saw the notice about the length of the page:
 * adding topics under "D"
 * adding topics under "C"
 * adding topics under "B"
 * adding topics under "A"
 * restyling some lists under "Lists", to show destination page titles
 * ensuring that, as much as possible, each list referenced in the main list is listed under "Lists" and vice versa
 * checking Wikipedia guidelines for alphabetization involving:
 * acronyms
 * uppercase and lowercase letters
 * spaces
 * hyphens
 * apostrophes
 * periods (see E. coli)
 * other punctuation (see the topics immediately following "Hurricane Katrina")
 * correcting alphabetization as necessary
 * adding, under each letter heading (except "J", "K", "Q", "X", "Y", and "Z", and maybe "U" and "V"), subheadings and an improvised table of contents like the one which I put under "Lists"
 * adding topics under "1-9"
 * adding subheadings and an improvised table of contents under "0-9"
 * adding an internal link to a new page "list of environment topics by categories" (not to replace or to compete with "list of environment topics" or any category project on Wikipedia), but to provide a different option for managing thousands of topics (maybe 10,000).

 * For "list of environment topics by categories", I have in mind 8 basic categories combined in 255 combinations, and a directory as well as a "search engine", all on one page. The "search engine" would have to be have to be on one page to work as planned.  I was going to set up the page framework, without populating it with topics, and invite comments from the Wikipedia community on its practicality.

...
 * If "list of environment topics" is not going to be on one page, then there is probably no reason for me to set up "list of environment topics by categories". Also, (if the page is not split by someone else first,) I would probably add to "list of environment topics" internal links to new pages as follows:
 * list of environment topics/0-9
 * list of environment topics/A
 * list of environment topics/B
 * list of environment topics/Z
 * list of lists related to the environment
 * Then I would copy information as wikicode, heading by heading, to the new pages.

 * Whether it involves subheadings and subsections on one page or headings and sections on separate pages, there is the same challenge of separating topics in such a way as to have short headings/subheadings and short sections/subsections. For example, many topics begin with the word "environmental" and many topics begin with the word "International".

I have found it convenient to have the whole list on one page as I add topics, sometimes checking things up and down the page. If the page is going to be split, is it possible for that to be deferred until after I have "essentially finished" adding topics under "D", "C", "B", "A", and "0-9" (possibly in mid-January of 2006)?

Here is another idea: We could split the page for people with browser limitations and/or connection limitations, but still keep a one-page version for people who prefer to use that. People could be linked first to the index page of the multi-page version, and then have the option of seeing the one-page version and/or the version by categories. (There might still be a question of which is the most up-to-date version.)

I invite feedback to these comments. Wavelength 01:27, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I have noticed no progress for a month and placed an ad-hoc example that goes by the above outline. If there are no further comments, I'll procede.  As for now, I am hungry, and this is taking a long-a** time to complete.  Cheers - Hard Raspy Sci 23:51, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Nice work.  Th e Tr ans hu man ist    22:47, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Wiki markup for headings
Spaces were recently (03:26, 19 December 2005) removed from the wiki markup for the headings, but spaces are shown in the examples at How to edit a page. Wavelength 21:01, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Removed links to pages
The following links to pages have been deleted because they have been copied in parts to new pages.

list of environment topics:L-M
Wavelength 13:58, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Move them to Category:Nature?
I feel that all these articles should be sent to Category:Nature. Category:Environment is for anthropogenic effects on the environment yet many of the articles catalogued within thease pages are in no way repated to enviornmental issues. Alan Liefting 09:57, 28 March 2006 (UTC)
 * If links are not related to the subject, they should be removed.

 * Feeling that a list shouldn't exist isn't enough, usually. There needs to be good reason.  Redundancy between lists and categories is not a good reason, because both have strengths that the other does not possess.  See WP:CLS for more details.

 * Alphabetical lists serve as indexes, and are useful for surveying Wikipedia's coverage of a subject and for monitoring the subject with its Related changes feature (categories are split up to be relatively small and make use of Recent changes tedious because it has to be repeated for each subcategory, and a subject may have hundreds of subcategories).

 * Some other indexes on Wikipedia include List of mathematical articles, List of psychology topics, List of philosophy topics, List of politics topics, List of law topics, List of history topics, and List of geography topics.

 *  Th e Tr ans hu man ist   20:33, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Who links to List of environment topics?
By using the Google feature "Who Links to You?", I found that "Almanac of Policy Issues: Environment" links to List_of_environment_topics. This is an indication of interest in the list. Wavelength 01:10, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I have performed this search just mow and I get two pages outside Wikipedia. I am not sure if this is a useful measure of the interest in these pages. On the contrary it may be showing a lack of interest given the size of the internet. Alan Liefting 06:08, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

Environment vs Environmental
If this were Lists of environmental topics we could be more specific as to what should be included. Being specific is a good idea for an encyclopeadia!! "Environment" would suggest everything can be included whereas "environmental" would limit it to the effects that we have on it. -- Alan Liefting- talk - 22:44, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree, but the term is still subject to interpretation (for example "pertains to the environment" would have the same scope as before), so a consensus should be reached before a major culling takes place.  Th e Tr ans hu man ist    22:49, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Agreed. The word "environment" has a wide currency but "environmental" is generally used in the context of "effects on the environment due to human activity". With the change in article names the preamble should now be changed to suit the title and the list entries culled appropriately. -- Alan Liefting- talk - 03:59, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Note at WikiProject
See Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Environment for work that is needed here. -- Alan Liefting- talk - 21:21, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

New criteria for the lists of environmental topics
I have been formulating my comments on the question of what is an environmental topic, and I was expecting (both hoping and anticipating) that participants would reach a consensus on an unambiguous definition before any culling took place. When I noticed that Alan Liefting had begun to cull items from the lists of environmental topics before initiating a discussion, I started to doubt the usefulness of my comments. (I might have preferred the course of a different culler.)

Perhaps to some people an explanation by example is easier than a definition which clearly delineates the boundaries in abstract terms. Maybe they prefer negotiation by haggling rather than by analysis. In this instance, maybe culling is intended to represent an explanation of what constitutes an environmental topic. If I am being invited to choose to revert the changes, perhaps my version is intended to represent my explanation or definition of it. Although I accept that both parts of show and tell have benefits to communication and can be mutually synergistic, the process of acting first and discussing later does not have much appeal for me.

I understand that abstraction in some fields of study tends to be individualistic to some extent, and that sometimes what seems obvious to one person might not be so obvious to another person and yet still be expected to be seen as obvious. Further, I understand that the natural environment, by its nature and by its comprehensiveness, presents an especially challenging task when people try to agree on what is relevant. Therefore, it may be that a consensus on this task is more elusive than it would be for most other tasks involving relevancy. As a result, what ought to be of great importance to all of us who live on this planet--the natural environment--can also be the subject of many diverse views. (Please be aware that a person reluctant to curtail an activity may be unwilling to accept that it has a negative effect on the natural environment.)

I recognize that, for most of the time that this list has existed, most of the items listed have been ones which I contributed, and that, despite my efforts to add unambiguous boundaries to comprehensiveness, there has nevertheless been a measure of uncertainty as to what topics are in harmony with the preamble which I added. On the other hand, I also see some uncertainty about what remaining topics harmonize with the lead sentence which Alan Liefting has provided. Maybe this is a matter which can never be perfectly resolved by any one or combination of us Wikipedians. Also, some of the topics listed before the culling are orphaned topics (that is to say, with no pages or few pages linking to them) and their removal from the list negatively affects their orphaned status.

A new perspective
I am willing to abandon what I have contributed to this list so that its users can experience a new series of versions from another perspective. At the same time, I am offering to maintainers of the list some questions to ponder:

 * Should the list include: earthquakes? volcanoes? floods? hurricanes? tornadoes? endangered species? toxic chemicals? treaties? NGOs? Quangos? parks? books? films?
 * Should it include: the most important ten members of each of those groups? the top 20? the top 50? the top 100?
 * Can someone adding another topic to the list: be absolutely certain that it fits the stated criteria? and provide a convincing explanation?
 * Can someone removing a topic from the list: be absolutely certain that it does not fit the stated criteria? and provide a convincing explanation?

Other perspectives
Also, here are some resources which exemplify what others have deemed to be environment(al) topics.

 * Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Environment articles by quality
 * Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Environment articles by quality/1
 * Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Environment articles by quality/2
 * Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Environment articles by quality/3
 * Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Environment articles by quality/4
 * Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Environment articles by quality log
 * Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Environment articles by quality statistics

 * Category:Environment articles by importance
 * Category:Environment articles by quality
 * Category:Lists of environment topics
 * Portal:Environment
 * Portal:Sustainable development
 * WikiProject Environment
 * WikiProject Environment/Assessment

 * Amazon.com: Environment - Outdoors & Nature: Books: Environmental Science, Water Supply, Conservation, Weather & More
 * Environment Web Directory
 * Open Directory - Science: Environment
 * Google Directory - Science > Environment
 * Environment Directory @ GoGuides
 * Environment Directory
 * Web Directory - Science, Environment
 * Big Guide and Web Directory- Science > Environment
 * e-lynks environment links
 * Science: Environment - Some Random Directory

 * Environmental News Network
 * Environment News
 * Environmental News - Get the Latest Global Warming and Conservation Headlines from Across the Globe - MSNBC.com- msnbc.com
 * Science News - Environment - New York Time
 * Environment News Service
 * Environment & Nature News - News in Science - The Lab - Australian Broadcasting Corporation
 * Environment | Environment | guardian.co.uk
 * Environment - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
 * Capitol Reports / Environmental News Link
 * Environmental News Linyahoo.com/fc/science/environment_and_nature_news Environment and Nature News Full Coverage on Yahoo! News
 * Environmental News | Reuters.com
 * Environment News | Environmental News | Times Online

 * EnviroEducation.com - The Ultimate Environment Glossary.
 * United Nations Statistics Division - Environment Statistics -- Environment Glossary
 * Environmental Terminology Discovery Service — EEA
 * Environmental Glossary » Earth 911

Expanding the lists
Those same resources can also be used by persons looking for new topics to add to the lists. For the same purpose, additional topics can be found by the use of Quick_index, and especially by the use of Special:Prefixindex with these character strings. (Early in 2007, I identified these as having large numbers of topics already listed, and therefore as having the most potential for providing new topics for minimal effort.)

 * aer agr air America animal aqu atm atom Austral auto
 * bicycl bio bird Brit bus
 * California Canad car carb cent chem Chin clea clim cloud coal combin commu conserv convention cooperat
 * deep Department desert diesel disaster dry dust
 * Earth eco effect electr emergen endem energ engin envir Europe
 * Federa fire fish flood food forest free fresh fuel fur
 * garden gas geo giant glaci glob great green ground
 * habita haz health heat high histor home hous human hurri hybrid hydr
 * ice industr Institut International iron iso
 * lake land light liqu low
 * magn marine mass mechan meteo meth metr micro min mount mud
 * nano National natur new noise non north nucl
 * ocean oil organ over oxy
 * Pacific paleo paper pest petr plant plast polar poll poly popul power public
 * rain river road
 * sea south space storm sub super syn syst
 * tox trans trop
 * U.S.; United Kingdom; United Nations; United States; University
 * water wind wood world

Also, where the article on an environmental topic has a list of internal links, that list might include one or more topics which can be added.

-- Wavelength (talk) 08:06, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

Reply to above section
I began culling these lists after User:Transhumanist added an index and changed the article names. I was never happy with the extensive list of links that were a disparate set of topics, needed better punctuation, had a lengthy preamble and needed some annotation of the links. I had put the series of articles up for deletion but no consensus was reached. There had been comments made on User:Wavelengths talk page about the unsuitability of the broad range of links included in these pages.

The English language, being dynamic and sometimes poorly used, leads to a range of interpretations of a word. "Environment" is one such word. With Wikipedia, as with any encyclopaedia, we must be clear with the use of a word and this includes setting boundaries for its use. On the whole WP uses the word "environment" to mean "the effect of human activity on the environment". This is spelt out in many pages where it needs to be stipulated. These pages have used the wider meaning of environment as everything around us. By using clear and narrowly defined uses of a word we can have a clear idea as to what is incorporated in an article.

A few specific replies to points raised:
 * Culling list of orphaned article has no bearing on the status of the orphaned articles.

 * You are free to revert my changes. If you do it tells me you have a strong commitment to your list. Whether your list of mine is used should be up to the wider group of WP editors.

 * The Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Environment articles by foo entries (for the cats that are populated) suffers the same problem of unclear usage of the word environment.

 * You said "Should the list include: earthquakes? volcanoes? floods? hurricanes? tornadoes? endangered species? toxic chemicals? treaties? NGOs? Quangos? parks? books? films?"
 * Given that the list is now about "effect of human activity on the environment" as stated at the head of the pages:
 * earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, tornadoes should not be included since they are natural events (ignoring any potential influence of anthropogenic climate change). Also these are coved by pages elsewhere so there is no need for repetition.
 * endangered species, toxic chemicals are within the scope of these pages but there is no point listing every toxic chemical and endangered species. That will make the lists rather extensive and therefore of less use. It is better to include list of endangered species, list of IARC Group 1 carcinogens, list of invasive species etc.
 * enviro treaties should be included.
 * NGOs, Quangos, parks, books, films, should be included as lists rather that listing every single one. The more notable cases should be given their own entry.
 * There will always be topics that are unclear about suitability for inclusion. This would only be a small portion.
 * The topics that I have retained will need to be tweaked a little. The topics that are included would be the consensus of the editors maintaining these lists. -- Alan Liefting- talk - 10:27, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

Commitment and suitability
Even if reverting some changes demonstrates a commitment to a previous version, commitment does not prove the suitability of the thing to which one is committed. (See proof by assertion and argument from silence.)

 * Four-year-old Johnny: "The ball is mine."
 * Four-year-old Billy: "The ball is mine."
 * Johnny: "Mine."
 * Billy: "Mine."

 * Jobseeker: "Will you hire me?"
 * Hiring agent: "No, I will not."
 * Jobseeker: "Will you hire me?"
 * Hiring agent: "No, I will not."

 * Twenty-four-year-old John: "Will you marry me?"
 * Twenty-four-year-old Mary: "No, I will not."
 * John: "Please?"
 * Mary: "No."

 * Six of twelve jurors: "The defendant is innocent."
 * The other six jurors: "The defendant is guilty."
 * The first six: "Innocent."
 * The second six: "Guilty."

 * Professor Green: "Global warming is a problem."
 * Professor Greenback: "It is not a problem."
 * Green: "A problem."
 * Greenback: "Not a problem."

 * King of Empire A: "The treasure belongs to us."
 * King of Empire B: "The treasure belongs to us."
 * King of A: "We own it."
 * King of B: "We own it."

--- Wavelength (talk) 21:07, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

 * WP works on consensus rather rather than the opinions of one or two editors. We will have to see if other editors agree with the current list. -- Alan Liefting- talk - 01:13, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

Lists of basic topics and lists of topics
WikiProject Lists of basic topics has links to
 * both Portal:Contents/Lists of basic topics
 * and Portal:Contents/Lists of topics.

Therefore, I suggest that Wikipedia could have
 * both lists of basic environment topics
 * and lists of environment topics,

and each of them could be linked to the other.

Maybe the version after the recent culling could be copied to lists of basic environment topics, and then the culling could be reverted. Alternatively, maybe the present version of the lists of environment topics could be culled further to produce the lists of basic environment topics or one list of basic environment topics. -- Wavelength (talk) 21:07, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I feel that the list as it currently stand with a large amount of material culled from them are IN NO WAY a list of basic environment topics. Also a list of basic environmental topic would be one page not a collection of lists as you are alluding to. -- Alan Liefting- talk - 01:18, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I would like to see all of the related alphabetical pages merged together into List of environmental topics. Having one page works well with most topics. See Category:Topical indexes, to see how it works eg. List of biology topics, List of engineering topics. The best arrangement is having the topic links listed across the page rather than down the page. There is a lot of wasted space and the page must be scrolled down needlessly to view the contents. Some of the pages have very few entries and one page has no entires. The list can also be culled of any irrelevant topics and topics that are repeated at related pages such as List of sustainability topics, List of solar energy topics -- Alan Liefting (talk) - 22:19, 21 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Strong support - no question the other million lists would all be served well and be more useful by being merged. Do it since there seems to be no dissent.Earthdirt (talk) 00:39, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

DONE - See List of environmental topics. I think that the list is too long and crufty - please cull as you think fit. — G716  <T·C> 14:05, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Comment you can't delete the lists, since you merged them. The requirements of GFDL (see WP:GFDL) means that you need to convert them to redirects or rename them as subpages of the merged article (and mark as merged). I suggest you remove your PRODs and just redirect them and add the merged-from merged-to templates to the talk pages. 76.66.193.69 (talk) 11:55, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the idea - seems very simple. I PRODed these because that was one of the suggestions when I merged a bunch of similar lists into List of health topics.  See the AfD discussion here.  I don't care which is best or correct - I just want to get this to closure.  Your method is much easier, but I'll wait a bit in case anyone else comes along with a different opinion. Regards — G716  <T·C> 18:07, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
 * That discussion appears to be delete because the lists are a copyright violation because it's a copy of material created elsewhere. 76.66.193.69 (talk) 06:25, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lists of environmental topics


text:
Talk:Organizationally unique identifier

Initial comments
what is the singnificance of term OUI in computer networking?

 * OUIs are used to construct identifiers (MAC-48 (deprecated), EUI™-48, etc.) that are used to identify network interfaces, among other uses. In this context, the identifiers become the hardware address of an interface card and are used to identify that card on the network and for Media Access Control purposes. --mlewis000 13:09, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

OUI Registry Restructuring
An explanation of the OUI Registry Restructuringwould be useful Slacka123 (talk) 02:21, 20 January 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Organizationally unique identifier


text:
X-Men: The Last Stand

X-Men: The Last Stand (also marketed as X3: The Last Stand, or X-Men 3) is a 2006 superhero film based on the X-Men comic books published by Marvel Entertainment Group. It is the sequel to X2, as well as the third installment in the X-Men film series, and was directed by Brett Ratner. It features an ensemble cast including Hugh Jackman, Halle Berry, Ian McKellen, Famke Janssen, Anna Paquin, Kelsey Grammer, James Marsden, Rebecca Romijn, Shawn Ashmore, Aaron Stanford, Vinnie Jones, and Patrick Stewart. Written by Simon Kinberg and Zak Penn, the film is loosely based on two X-Men comic book story arcs, "Gifted" and "The Dark Phoenix Saga", with a plot that revolves around a "mutant cure" that causes serious repercussions among mutants and humans, and on the resurrection of Jean Grey who unleashes a dark force.

Bryan Singer, who had directed the two previous films, X-Men and X2, decided to leave the sequel to work on Superman Returns (2006). X2 composer and editor John Ottman and X2 writers Dan Harris and Michael Dougherty also left to work on Superman Returns, as did James Marsden, who had very limited screen time in The Last Stand before his character was killed off due to his departure from the film. Singer had not even defined the storyline for a third film. Matthew Vaughn, who co-wrote the script (though was uncredited) and was initially hired as the new director, left due to personal and professional issues, and was replaced with Ratner. Filming took place from August 2005 to January 2006 with a budget of $210million, and was consequently the most expensive film made at the time of its release. It had extensive visual effects created by 11 different companies.

X-Men: The Last Stand premiered in the Out of Competition section at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival, and was released theatrically in the United States on May 26 by 20th Century Fox. It grossed approximately $459million worldwide, becoming the seventh-highest-grossing film of 2006; it was at the time the highest-grossing film in the series and after 2018 stood as the fourth-highest-grossing film of the franchise. It received mixed reviews from critics and was deemed inferior to its predecessors.

A standalone sequel, The Wolverine, was released in 2013; it was followed by X-Men: Days of Future Past a year later in 2014, which retconned the events of The Last Stand.

Plot
In 1986, Charles Xavier and Erik Lehnsherr meet young Jean Grey at her parents' house to invite her to join their school, the X-Mansion.

Ten years later in 1996, industrialist Warren Worthington II discovers his son is a mutant as the latter tries to cut off his wings.

In the present, Worthington Labs announces an inoculation, to suppress the X-gene that gives mutants their abilities and offers the "cure" to any mutant who wants it. The cure interests some mutants such as Rogue, who cannot touch anyone without harming them, while others are wary of it. Magneto re-establishes his Brotherhood of Mutants with those who oppose the cure, warning it will be weaponized to exterminate the mutant race. With help from Pyro, Callisto and several other mutants, Magneto attacks a mobile prison and frees Mystique, Multiple Man and Juggernaut. Mystique shields Magneto from a cure dart and loses her mutant abilities. Magneto abandons her.

Scott Summers, still distraught over the loss of Jean Grey, drives to her resting location at Alkali Lake. Jean appears to Scott but, as the two kiss, Jean kills him. Sensing trouble, Xavier sends Logan and Storm to investigate. When they arrive, they find only telekinetically floating rocks, Scott's glasses, and an unconscious Jean.

At the X-Mansion, Xavier explains that when Jean sacrificed herself to save them, she also freed the "Phoenix", a dark alternate personality with godlike destructive potential which Xavier had telepathically repressed. Logan is disgusted to learn of this psychic tampering with Jean's mind but, once she awakens, he discovers that she killed Scott and is not the Jean Grey he once knew. The Phoenix emerges, knocks out Logan, and escapes to her childhood home. Learning of Jean's resurrection, Magneto and the Brotherhood arrive at the Grey home at the same time as the X-Men. Magneto and Xavier go in, and both vie for Jean's loyalty until the Phoenix resurfaces. She destroys the house and disintegrates Xavier, then leaves with Magneto.

Interrogating a depowered Mystique, the FBI discovers Magneto's base in the woods and raids it. However, the detected human heat signatures in the camp are Multiple Man and his copies. Magneto and the Brotherhood attack Alcatraz with the intention to kill a young mutant named Jimmy, whose genome is used to create the cure. They overwhelm the military troops until the remaining X-Men arrive to confront them. During the fight, Kitty Pryde saves Jimmy from Juggernaut. Logan distracts Magneto for Hank McCoy to inject him with the cure, nullifying his powers. The Phoenix awakens and begins destroying anyone within range of her powers. Logan realizes that only he can stop the Phoenix due to his healing factor and adamantium skeleton. When Logan approaches her, Jean momentarily gains control and begs him to kill her. Logan fatally stabs Jean, killing the Phoenix, but mourns her death.

Sometime later, mutant rights are finally obtained and Xavier's school is still operating with Storm as headmistress. The President of the United States appoints McCoy as ambassador to the United Nations. Rogue, having taken the cure, rekindles her relationship with Bobby Drake. Meanwhile, Magneto sits at a chessboard in San Francisco, seemingly human and weak. As Magneto gestures toward a metal chess piece, it wobbles slightly.

Elsewhere, Moira MacTaggert checking on a comatose patient is startled when he greets her with Xavier's voice.

Cast
A Canadian mutant born with hyper-acute, animal-like senses, claws on his hands, and an accelerated healing factor that made it possible to implant a coating of the indestructible metal alloy adamantium on his skeleton. Jackman was pleased to see that the script allowed Wolverine to expand his character choices, as instead of questioning whether he would remain a loner or join the X-Men, Logan now is asked if he will play a leadership role in the X-Men. A mutant, who is one of Xavier's earlier students and the leader of the X-Men in Cyclops' absence. Storm is a woman with the ability to manipulate the weather. Berry had stated during interviews for X2 that she would not return unless the character had a significant presence comparable to the comic book version, leading to a larger role in The Last Stand's script. Berry declared that her ethnicity made the actress identify with the cure plot: "When I was a child, I felt that if only I could change myself, my life would be better. As I've gotten older, I've come to terms with what utter nonsense that is." The character was given a more modern haircut, and costume designer Judianna Makovsky opted to give Storm more black clothes, a color she only wore in the leather costume for previous films, to make her "tougher and sexier". Leader and founder of the Brotherhood, Magneto is a mutant Holocaust survivor who wages war against humanity in the name of mutant superiority. He has the ability to control and manipulate metal, making him one of the most powerful mutants. Well known for his homosexuality, McKellen found a parallel of the cure with many prejudices: "It's abhorrent to me, as it would be if a person said I need curing of my sexuality, or if someone said that black people could take a pill that would 'cure' them of being black." McKellen's shooting schedule had to accommodate his work in both The Da Vinci Code (2006) and the London theatre, going as far as filming the actor in England to later superimpose into the Vancouver plates. A mutant with uncharted telepathic powers, and founder of Xavier's Institute for Gifted Mutants. Xavier is an authority on genetic mutation and an advocate of peaceful relations between human and mutant kind. Stewart signed to the film without knowing Xavier would die, and not meeting original director Matthew Vaughn – both would meet in Manchester, where Stewart was filming Eleventh Hour, but eventually Brett Ratner called to introduce himself as the new director. A mutant former member of the X-Men, a Class 5 mutant who possesses potentially limitless telepathic and telekinetic powers. The X-Men learn that she has survived the flooding dam from the previous film, but when the rest of the team finds her, Grey has given in completely to her aggressive alternate personality of her powers, the Phoenix. Her mutant powers rival those of Xavier. The writers described the multiple personalities as "an Oedipal drama played out", where the Phoenix was "someone embodying [a] Greek goddess", while Jean Grey kept the character as "a human, grounded in Freudian terms, a victim, a schizophrenic. To mark the change of Jean Grey into Phoenix, her wardrobe focused on red colors, and everyday fabric in contrast to the leather costumes of the X-Men. Digital make-up also made Jean's face darker with her skin showing some veins and her eyes turning black, signifying the Phoenix personality of her powers. Haley Ramm plays a young Jean Grey. A young mutant woman whose power causes her to temporarily take on the powers of anyone she touches, leaving her victims (mutant or human) unconscious; Rogue's lack of control over her power causes a great deal of strain on her relationship with Iceman. Paquin declared that while Rogue did not have "a large physical component in this movie", the "adult decisions" the character was forced to make allowed for more intensity on the emotional side. A mutant former student of Xavier's Institute for Gifted Mutants who is now a member of the U.S. Cabinet as the Secretary of Mutant Affairs, Beast is a brilliant scientist and statesman. He is covered in blue fur and has heightened strength, reflexes and agility, as well as pointed fangs and a lion-like roar. Grammer's make-up took three hours to apply, it involved applying latex prosthetics before painting his eye area and lips blue, applying various hair pieces and wigs, and a muscle suit covered with a hand-punched fur suit. A mutant, who is X-Men's field leader, Cyclops emits powerful energy blasts from his eyes, and must wear specially made glasses to prevent the destruction of anything he looks at. Although he is in a committed relationship with Jean Grey, her Phoenix persona kills him early in the film. the decision to kill the character off early, was due to a scheduling conflict that Marsden had with Superman Returns. Marsden saw no problem in having a smaller role, as the films opted to feature Wolverine as the standpoint character, and feeling that "it's difficult when you have however many new characters that you're trying to introduce to an audience in 90 to 120 minutes, to give everyone their due." A blue-skinned mutant who possesses the ability to shape-shift to mimic anyone's appearance, as well as fight with incredible agility, reflexes and strength. She is also a woman of few words. She jumps in front of cure darts intended for Magneto and, after she loses her mutant abilities as a result, Magneto abandons her. Romijn described this story as "a traumatic experience" for Mystique, given that the previous movies implied that she and Magneto had "a deep-seated bond", and becoming "a frail mortal would be her worst nightmare". A young mutant, Iceman can create constructs of ice or blasts of cold. Ashmore's commitments to X-Men made him decline Bryan Singer's invitation to play Jimmy Olsen in Superman Returns. The actor was content with his bigger role after Bobby joined the X-Men main team in X2, as during the previous production he wondered "When do I get to freeze something or get into a fight?" A mutant who was a student of Xavier's School for Gifted Mutants with a grudge against his former friend Bobby Drake, Pyro has the ability to manipulate fire, generated through wrist-mounted lighters. Stanford stated that with the Brotherhood, Pyro "is allowed to fully explore his power" for lacking moral restraints. The actor was comfortable with returning to the role, particularly for following The Hills Have Eyes, which had an exhausting shoot in the Moroccan desert, while Pyro was nowhere near as physically demanding – "My character's pretty much stand-and-deliver, stand there and throw fire at people. There's no acrobatics." A mutant criminal recruited by the Brotherhood in a prison truck, Juggernaut is incredibly strong, fast and, once he gains momentum, he is nearly unstoppable. The film's version of Juggernaut is depicted as a mutant and his relation to Charles Xavier was never mentioned. Matthew Vaughn cast Jones, who he met producing the Guy Ritchie gangster movies where Jones began his acting career. The actor had to go through a four-hour make-up process to portray Juggernaut, which included a muscle suit and a prosthetic chin. The costume tried to retain the bullet-shaped helmet of the comics without going excessively over the top.
 * Hugh Jackman as Logan / Wolverine:
 * Halle Berry as Ororo Munroe / Storm:
 * Ian McKellen as Erik Lehnsherr / Magneto:
 * Patrick Stewart as Professor Charles Xavier:
 * Famke Janssen as Jean Grey / Phoenix:
 * Anna Paquin as Marie / Rogue:
 * Kelsey Grammer as Dr. Henry "Hank" McCoy / Beast:
 * James Marsden as Scott Summers / Cyclops:
 * Rebecca Romijn as Raven Darkholme / Mystique:
 * Shawn Ashmore as Bobby Drake / Iceman:
 * Aaron Stanford as John Allerdyce / Pyro:
 * Vinnie Jones as Cain Marko / Juggernaut:

Additionally, Elliot Page appears as Kitty Pryde: A mutant with the ability to phase through matter and walk through solid objects, her clear affection for Iceman further adds to the tension already present between Iceman and Rogue. Maggie Grace was considered for the role, before Ratner invited Page, who impressed the director with his performance in Hard Candy. Page initially declined, not wanting to yet jump to Hollywood filmmaking, but accepted after reading the script. Page said part of his motivation was having a new experience: "I thought, well, when else am I going to have a chance to wear a leather suit and run through exploding things? Why not be a superhero for a change?" Daniel Cudmore appears as Peter Rasputin / Colossus: A mutant with the ability to transform his body into an organic steel, while also granting him superhuman strength and a resistance to physical damage while in that form. Cudmore wore a foam latex muscle suit covered with a chrome-plated plastic plus a hard plastic head to have the metal skin on the set, with some digital augmentation being used to enhance the facial expressions. A digital double was used only for stunts that could not be achieved practically, such as the Fastball Special where Colossus throws Wolverine at Magneto., Ben Foster appears as Warren Worthington III / Angel: The mutant son of an industrialist, who has feathered wings which allow him to fly. The static wings were models with a 15 ft wingspan and 5 ft height glued to Foster's back, replaced with computer-generated ones when movement was required.

Cayden Boyd appears as young Angel, Michael Murphy appears as Warren Worthington II: The head of Worthington Labs, the corporation developing the "cure", Worthington expects to rid his son of his mutant abilities. The addition of the character allowed Angel to integrate into the cure plot, which also added a parallel between Warren's discovery of his son's mutation with a father finding out about his son's homosexuality., Dania Ramirez appears as Callisto: The leader of the Omegas, Callisto is a mutant with enhanced superhumanly acute senses, who senses mutants and their powers, and possesses superhuman speed and an expert hand-to-hand combatant. The character combined the powers of the comics' Callisto with another of the Morlocks, Caliban, and was written as someone who could be "beautiful, but with a tough persona". Ramirez had originally auditioned to play the mutant prostitute Stacy X, and impressed Brett Ratner so much that he decided to bring her in to play Callisto., Shohreh Aghdashloo appears as Dr. Kavita Rao: A scientist who works at Worthington Labs on the mutant cure, she is killed by Kid Omega. Aghdashloo signed without a completed script, and erroneously said her character would be mutant doctor Cecilia Reyes., Josef Sommer appears as the President: The President of the United States is tolerant of mutants, but fearful of the Brotherhood's threats. While creating the role, the producers felt that a "different" president, like an African American or a woman, had become a cliché in itself and went for a traditional route with an elder caucasian man. Sommer was invited by Ratner following their collaboration in The Family Man. Bill Duke appears as Trask: The head of the Department of Homeland Security, Trask aids the president of the United States during the war against the mutants. The character is probably related to the comic books' Bolivar Trask; however, his first name was never mentioned in the film and he is portrayed as African American. In the comics, Bolivar Trask is the head of Trask Industries and creator of the mutant-hunting Sentinels, and Eric Dane appears as Multiple Man: A mutant and thief recruited by the Brotherhood in a prison truck, Madrox has the ability to create a very large number of copies of himself. The writers considered Dane's performance memorable despite being featured in only two scenes. Madrox's wardrobe invoked the symbols worn in his comics costume.

Other actors who portrayed mutants were: Meiling Melançon as Psylocke, a mutant with the ability to teleport herself through areas of shadow, although that depiction differs significantly from the comics; Omahyra Mota as Arclight, a mutant who has the ability to generate shock waves of concussive force; Ken Leung as Kid Omega, a mutant with the ability to eject spikes from his body, most notably his face (though the character resembles the comic books' character Quill and was later confirmed as such however, the official cast credits erroneously read "Kid Omega"); and Cameron Bright as Jimmy / Leech, a mutant who has the ability to neutralize the powers of nearby mutants. Various characters were included at the suggestion of editor Mark Helfrich, who brought Marvel's X-Men Encyclopedia to director Brett Ratner, searching for mutants who could make appearance. These include Phat, a mutant that is a very large man who can slim down to fit in a smaller space (played by two actors, Via Saleaumua – "large mode" – and Richard Yee – "small mode"); Spike (played by Lance Gibson), a mutant who battles Wolverine in the forest by extruding bony spikes from his flesh – the character was added because the editing team felt that the original cut of the scene portrayed Logan as a cold-blooded killer, which could be changed if another mutant attacked Wolverine before he struck the Brotherhood and Glob Herman (played by Clayton Dean Watmough), a mutant with transparent skin. Mark Helfrich portrays an unnamed mutant with ash-gray skin. Various other mutants make cameos at the X-Mansion; Shauna Kain and Kea Wong reprised their cameo roles as Siryn and Jubilee respectively, and three identical girls in the background in one scene are a reference to the Stepford Cuckoos. Olivia Williams portrays Moira MacTaggert. Adrian Hough, who previously voiced Nightcrawler in X-Men appears as John Grey, Jean's father. X-Men co-creator Stan Lee and writer Chris Claremont have cameos in the film's opening scene as the neighbors of young Jean Grey. The sergeant directing defensive preparations before the Brotherhood assaults Alcatraz Island is played by R. Lee Ermey. Lloyd Adams portrays the green-skinned mutant that climbs the guard tower on Alcatraz. Many fans believed this was Toad; however, the credits list him as lizard man and Brett Ratner confirmed it was Anole. Avalanche and Vanisher also appear; however, it is not known who portrayed them.

Development
Bryan Singer, the director of the first two 20th Century Fox X-Men films, left the project in July 2004 in favor of developing Superman Returns for Warner Bros. Pictures. Singer stated that he "didn't fully have X-Men 3 in my mind" in contrast to a fully formed idea for a Superman film and interest in joining that franchise. By the time of his departure, Singer had only produced a partial story treatment with X2 screenwriters Dan Harris and Michael Dougherty, who accompanied him to Superman Returns. The treatment focused on Jean Grey's resurrection, which would also introduce the villainess Emma Frost, a role intended for Sigourney Weaver. Frost was an empath manipulating Jean's emotions in the treatment and, like the finished film, Magneto desires to control her. Overwhelmed by her powers, Jean kills herself, but Jean's spirit survives and becomes a god-like creature, which Dougherty compared to the star child in 2001: A Space Odyssey.

New contracts for returning cast members were made, as the actors and actresses had signed for only two films. Hugh Jackman's contract included the approval of director, initially offering the position to Darren Aronofsky, with whom he had just finished filming on The Fountain (2006). Joss Whedon, whose comic book storyline "Gifted" from Astonishing X-Men which he wrote was integrated into the script's plot, turned down the offer because he was working on a Wonder Woman film. Rob Bowman and Alex Proyas were also rumored to be up for consideration, though Proyas personally turned it down, citing feuds with Fox president Thomas Rothman while producing I, Robot. Zack Snyder was also approached, but he was already committed to 300. Peter Berg was also considered to direct the film but he too turned down the job. Guillermo del Toro was also offered to direct the film but turned down as he was already committed to Pan's Labyrinth (2006). In February 2005, with still no director hired, Fox announced a May 5, 2006, release date, with filming to start in July 2005 in Vancouver. One month later, the studio, signed Matthew Vaughn to direct, and pushed the release date three weeks to May 26, Memorial Day weekend. Vaughn cast Kelsey Grammer as Beast, Dania Ramirez as Callisto, and Vinnie Jones as Juggernaut, but family issues led him to withdraw before filming began. Vaughn was also cautious of the tight deadlines imposed by Fox, stating that he "didn't have the time to make the movie that I wanted to make". In October 2023, Vaughn stated that he left the project after a group of executives had tried to sign Halle Berry on with a fake script, which included scenes of Storm rescuing kids from Africa.

Brett Ratner, who was previously considered to direct X-Men in 1996, and John Moore were both in the running to replace Vaughn during pre-production. On June 5, 2005, Ratner was confirmed as Vaughn's replacement. Ratner said he was surprised to get an invitation, as he thought he would have no chance to do a comic-book film after the cancelled Superman: Flyby for Warner Bros. With a limited knowledge of the X-Men mythos, Ratner trusted his writers on doing something faithful to the comics, having the script drawing all of its scenes from the original Marvel publications.

Writing
Simon Kinberg, who had worked on two other Fox-produced Marvel Comics film adaptations, Fantastic Four and Elektra, was hired as writer for X-Men 3 in August 2004. X2 co-writer Zak Penn was separately working on his own draft, and the two joined forces for a combined screenplay in January 2005. Kinberg wanted the comic book arc "The Dark Phoenix Saga" from The Uncanny X-Men by writer Chris Claremont and artist John Byrne to be the emotional plot of the film, while "Gifted" by Whedon and artist John Cassaday would serve as the political focus. The duo had seven months to complete The Last Stand's script, and during the first week of work completed the first eighty pages, consisting of the first two-thirds of the plot. This incomplete draft was leaked to Ain't It Cool News, who proceeded to write a negative review. Vaughn later revised all of the major sequences in the film, but he did not receive a writer's credit.

The writers had to fight Fox's executives to retain the Phoenix plot, as the studio only wanted the cure story as it provided a reason for Magneto's conflict with the X-Men. Still the disputes made them not add much for Jean Grey to do in most of the film's second half, as the executives considered the tone of the Phoenix story too dark for a mainstream summer movie, and that its appeal would be limited to hardcore fans rather than a general audience. Penn defended the divergences from the original Dark Phoenix stories, stating that the Phoenix was not a firebird-shaped cosmic force "because it doesn't fit into the world," and that Cyclops did not have as much screentime as Wolverine because the latter was more popular and "with Cyclops, you can't see his eyes. It's a harder character to relate to for the audience." Killing Cyclops was Fox's decision, based on the availability of actor James Marsden, who was cast in Singer's Superman Returns. The studio considered killing him off-screen with a dialogue reference, but Kinberg and Penn insisted that Jean kill him, emphasizing their relationship. Xavier's death was intended to match the impact of Spock's demise in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, as Fox felt the script called for a dramatic turning point. Kinberg and Penn were originally cautious, but grew to like the idea of killing off Xavier. They decided to write a post-credits scene suggesting the character's return for a sequel.

As the studio was simultaneously developing X-Men Origins: Wolverine, limitations were set on which mutants could be used for cameo appearances in X-Men 3 in an attempt to avoid risking character development for Wolverine. Gambit was considered for both the convoy scene being freed by Magneto and the Battle of Alcatraz along with the X-Men, but the writers did not want to introduce a fan favorite character and "not be able to do him justice." Kinberg reasoned, "there just wasn't enough space", and considered Gambit would only work with as much screentime as Beast. Alan Cumming had been uncomfortable with the long hours he had to take with the prosthetic makeup as Nightcrawler in X2, but still planned to return for the sequel. The part of Nightcrawler was so minimal, however, that the studio felt it was not worthwhile to go through the long and costly makeup process, and the character was cut. Kinberg felt that "there wasn't much left to do with the character. It also felt like he might tread a little bit on the terrain of Beast, in terms of similarities in the characters and their political standpoints in terms of dealing with their mutancy." Nightcrawler's absence was later explained in the tie-in video game. The introductory scenes tried to emulate the Auschwitz opener for the first film, going with different scenes that resonated later in the plot instead of an action scene like in most blockbusters. Afterwards came a scene in the Danger Room, which was considered for the previous X-Men films but never included for budget and writing concerns. The writers tried to make the simulation not feel extraneous by showcasing some of the character conflicts and abilities in a "Days of Future Past"-inspired battle with a Sentinel. Another repurposed scene was Magneto attacking the convoy to free Mystique, Madrox and Juggernaut, which Penn had previously envisioned for X2.

Ratner collaborated with Penn and Kinberg in rearranging the plot structure of the film. Originally, the Golden Gate Bridge sequence was in the middle of the film, where the moved bridge was used by Magneto to free mutants being held prisoners on Alcatraz, and the climax was set in Washington, D.C. Ratner felt too many recent action films, such as Planet of the Apes and X2 itself, had their ending in Washington, and the Golden Gate sequence "would be the biggest sequence in my entire career", and suggested to instead put the Worthington laboratory in Alcatraz, along with "creating a face for the cure", which became the character of Jimmy/Leech. Kinberg agreed, as he previously argued with Penn about "blowing so many things early in the movie".

Filming
X-Men: The Last Stand began shooting in August 2005 and wrapped in January 2006. Much of the film was shot at Vancouver Film Studios, the same location of X2. Locations included the Hatley Park National Historic Site and Royal Roads University, which doubled for the X-Mansion. An old lumber mill next to the Fraser River doubled as Alcatraz Island. The tight schedule made Ratner "begin post-production the day I started shooting," sending the scenes he had just filmed to his editors. The editing team was led by Mark Helfrich, who had edited all of Ratner's films, assisted by Mark Goldblatt in the action scenes and Julia Wong with effects-heavy footage.

According to associate producer Dave Gordon, "This is the biggest production ever filmed in Canada. It used to be X2, now it's X3." The $210million budget also made The Last Stand the most expensive film to be made at the time. The film's record would be first broken by Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest's $225million budget. The original cinematographer was Philippe Rousselot, who eventually opted to depart the production. Dante Spinotti, a frequent collaborator of Ratner, replaced him, with assistance of J. Michael Muro. Fox Filmed Entertainment co-chairmen Thomas Rothman and Jim Gianopulos debated whether Rogue should give Iceman a passionate kiss at the film's end or simply hold his hand. The two executives screened The Last Stand for their daughters, as well as the studio's female marketing executives, and the hand holding prevailed. Gianopulos stated that the kissing "was all about sex, and we didn't want that." A strong campaign of secrecy about the script was enforced by Ratner and the writers. Even the actors had problems with getting full screenplays, the call sheets did not reveal all the characters, and many scenes were shot in varied ways. Both of the ending scenes were not included on the shooting script, with Ratner taking a small crew during one day's lunch time to film the post-credits scene with Xavier, and later going to London to film Magneto in the park.

In 2014, Kinberg said of the wobbling chess piece at the end of the film, "There is a scene before the credits where Magneto's playing chess, and you see that he can just make the chess piece move, so there's a hint that he's starting to regain his powers. The leap from there was that cure from The Last Stand didn't work exactly the way they thought it would, and so we just leaped forward however many years, and he's got his powers back."

In 2017, according to co-star Elliot Page in a 2017 interview during the MeToo and Time's Up movement, he accused Ratner of homophobia, saying he outed Page as a lesbian at a cast and crew meet and greet during production, which made him feel violated. Fellow co-star and bisexual actress Anna Paquin expressed support of Page, stating that she was present when Ratner made the comment.

Visual effects
To make sure the visual effects were made in just one year and without exceeding the budget, special effects supervisor John Bruno shipped the 900 visual effects shots to eleven companies in four countries – United States, New Zealand, United Kingdom and Canada – and did extensive previsualization. Their work begun in April 2005, before the director Brett Ratner had even been announced, and Bruno made sure to emphasize practical effects, "shoot as many practical elements as possible, and only use CGI when we had to." For instance, complex wirework rigs were employed which enabled the actors to do some stunts without resorting to digital doubles, including a computer controlled flying rig from Cirque Du Soleil for Angel's flight, and one for Halle Berry's flying spins.

Bruno estimates one-sixth of the effects budget was spent on the Golden Gate Bridge scene, which employed both a miniature of the bridge and computer graphics. The miniature was filmed over a period of two months in Santa Clarita, California, just outside of Los Angeles. The effects team would shoot one minute of footage outdoors each day at "golden hour," complete with explosives in order to have enough plates to composite the scene.The effects team had to work without reference footage due to the city of San Francisco vetting any filming in the actual bridge, including aerial shooting as the area has restrictions on flying helicopters. Framestore had further challenges in matching the varied weather conditions across the film's plates. As compositing supervisor Matt Twyford detailed, "the elements consisted of cold, rainy night live-action footage from Vancouver, sunny day miniature elements, traditional misty day background plates of San Francisco, and of course the CGI bridge and CGI elements." Another miniature was for the Grey home, which had a destructable equivalent matching the Canadian location and also had a digital equivalent. A notable effect was the "digital skin-grafting", which rejuvenated the faces of senior actors Patrick Stewart and Ian McKellen, made by the Brothers Strause's Lola Visual Effects. Bruno made sure to ask the atomization made by Phoenix was not too vivid and gruesome, instead resembling oatmeal.

Music
Ratner, a fan of John Powell's work in The Bourne Identity, invited Powell to write the music for The Last Stand. Powell was unsure if the Bourne work was "the kind of score that would fit the film" and Fox became reluctant on the composer's availability, given he was already scoring Ice Age: The Meltdown at the time of Ratner's contact. However, Powell finished the Ice Age score early to accept the job even if it resulted in a tighter schedule. Powell included references to the score from the previous two films as "it all had to be in the same family, and the same language". The Phoenix theme used lyrics from Benjamin Britten's Requiem Mass for the choir parts. A soundtrack album was released on May 23, 2006.

Marketing
The marketing for The Last Stand was darker and more ambiguous compared to the two predecessors. Rothman declared that the decision was made so the film would "be different from all of the other movies in the summer," with a campaign that "wanted people to stop and not have it be so immediately apparent that we're selling a movie. We're interested in selling an emotion and an idea." The film's official website was launched in October 2005. The teaser trailer release with King Kong the following December was done in conjunction with the studio releasing the film's first official screen shots of the film to USA Today. Diamond Select Toys created a toy line, scanning the actors from the film with likenesses for the first time in the trilogy. Additional product tie-ins came with Harley-Davidson and 7-Eleven. A seven-minute sneak peek aired on Fox Broadcasting two weeks before the film's theatrical release.

Del Rey Books published a novelization of the film, written by comic book writer Chris Claremont, while Newmarket Press published The Art of X-Men: The Last Stand: From Concept to Feature Film. Claremont also worked on Activision's tie-in video game, X-Men: The Official Game, doing the script along with screenwriter Zak Penn. The game's story bridges the events between X2 and The Last Stand, featuring Wolverine, Iceman and Nightcrawler as playable characters, voiced by their film portrayers Hugh Jackman, Shawn Ashmore, and Alan Cumming. Patrick Stewart also appears as Professor X. The game was released to negative reviews and eventually underperformed commercially.

Theatrical
X-Men: The Last Stand premiered at an out-of-competition event of the 2006 Cannes Film Festival on May 22, 2006. Two days later, Hugh Jackman, Halle Berry and Kelsey Grammer attended an advance screening at USS Kearsarge (LHD-3), as the ship was en route to New York City for Fleet Week. The film was released in the United States on May 26, 2006, in 3,690 theaters, while also opening in 95 international markets that same weekend.

Home media
X-Men: The Last Stand was released on October 3, 2006, on DVD and UMD by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. It was available in three editions: single-disc, two-disc, and a trilogy box set with the previous two films. Extras included three alternative endings, each with optional commentary by director Ratner; 10 deleted scenes; audio commentaries from Ratner, the writers and the producers; and two hidden Easter eggs. The two-disc edition came with a 100-page commemorative comic book with a new story written by X-Men co-creator Stan Lee, his first original Marvel comic book in five years. The DVD sold 2.6million units in its first day, exceeding Fox's expectations, and sold a total of 5million in its first week. A Blu-ray edition was issued in November 2006.

X-Men: The Last Stand is included in the 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray set X-Men: 3-Film Collection, which was released on September 25, 2018.

Box office
X-Men: The Last Stand earned $45.1million on its opening day and went on to generate $102.7million during its three-day opening weekend, making it the fourth-highest opening weekend of all time, behind Shrek 2, Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith and Spider-Man. The film then grossed $122.8million during the four-day Memorial Day weekend, which was the highest at that time, surpassing The Lost World: Jurassic Park and Shrek 2. It would hold this record until it was surpassed by Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End the next year. The film's release was also a new single-day record for Friday openings. The opening weekend gross was surpassed six weeks later by Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest, making The Last Stand ' s opening the second-highest of 2006. Internationally, The Last Stand topped the box office in 26 countries with a total gross of $76.1million overall, but suffered competition from The Da Vinci Code, which retained the top spot in most markets, and beat The Last Stand in international gross that weekend with $91million. The film's second weekend dropped 67 percent to $34million, which was the steepest post-Memorial Day opening drop on record. X-Men: The Last Stand eventually grossed $234.4million in the domestic box office and $225million internationally, for a worldwide total of $459.4million, the fourth-highest in domestic grosses and seventh-highest worldwide for 2006. X-Men: The Last Stand was also the highest-grossing film in the franchise, until it was surpassed by X-Men: Days of Future Past eight years later.

Critical response
Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

Ebert and Roeper gave the film a "two thumbs up" rating, with Roger Ebert saying, "I liked the action, I liked the absurdity, I liked the incongruous use and misuse of mutant powers, and I especially liked the way it introduces all of those political issues and lets them fight it out with the special effects." Stephanie Zacharek of Salon.com gave it a mixed review, noting that it was "only half a mess", and that Ratner "could have stuck a bit more closely to the 'Dark Phoenix' narrative than he did." However, Zacharek did note that that third act captured some of the original story's "majesty", praising the performances of Jackman, McKellen, Romijn and Janssen. Famke Janssen's performance was praised by critics. Matt Mueller of Total Film was impressed with Janssen's performance and said, "Playing the super-freaky mind-control goddess like GoldenEye's Xenia Onatopp's all-powerful psycho sister, her scenes – particularly that one with the house – crackle with energy and tragedy. If only the rest of X3 had followed suit."

Justin Chang of Variety said the film was "a wham-bam sequel noticeably lacking in the pop gravitas, moody atmospherics, and emotional weight that made the first two Marvel comicbook adaptations so rousingly successful." Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly called it a "diminished sequel, a brute-force enterprise" and said it was an example of "what happens when movies are confused with sandwich shops as franchise opportunities". The Minneapolis Star Tribune characterized Ratner's approach as "Forget subtlety! Let's blow things up!" David Edelstein of New York magazine called it "just another big-budget B-movie. It's a fast and enjoyable B-movie, though." Foreshadowing X-Men: First Class, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone said, "Last stand? My ass. Billed as the climax of a trilogy, the third and weakest chapter in the X-Men series is a blatant attempt to prove there is still life in the franchise. And there is: just enough to pull a Star Trek and spawn a Next Generation saga."

X-Men: The Last Stand has been criticized by fans for killing off major characters such as Charles Xavier, Cyclops, and Jean Grey. The 2014 film X-Men: Days of Future Past has subsequently been viewed by some critics as a revision of those controversial plot elements in X-Men: The Last Stand. Writer Kinberg later stated, "There are a lot of things about 'X3' that I love and there are a lot of things that I regret," detailing that he would have preferred the Dark Phoenix as the main plotline and "I would have fought harder" for that considering that at the time, "the darkness of her story was a little bit daunting on a huge $200million studio movie", leading Fox to ask for rewrites. Previous X-Men director Bryan Singer declared that The Last Stand "isn't what I would have done" and he was dissatisfied with the busy plot and excessive character deaths, but Singer still liked some parts of the movie, such as Elliot Page's casting – leading Singer to bring Page back as Kitty Pryde in X-Men: Days of Future Past – and the scenes with Leech, which he described as "really sweet moments". Matthew Vaughn, who was attached as director before dropping out, said that given the limited time they had to make it, the film was "pretty good" but criticized Ratner's direction: "I could have done something with far more emotion and heart. I'm probably going to be told off for saying that, but I genuinely believe it." While promoting his own installment of the franchise, 2011's X-Men: First Class, Vaughn would say regarding The Last Stand that "I storyboarded the whole bloody film, did the script. My X3 would have been 40 minutes longer. They didn't let the emotions and the drama play in that film. It became wall-to-wall noise and drama. I would have let it breathe and given far more dramatic elements to it." Having admitted being unhappy with the way some elements of the film turned out, Kinberg then went on to direct and write the reboot film Dark Phoenix, which retold the events of X-Men: The Last Stand.

Sequel
In February 2006, Ratner said that The Last Stand could be the final X-Men film: "We wanted to make sure the audiences knew that this was a trilogy. Even though they weren't made together like Lord of the Rings, this is really closure for the X-Men series. ... This is the last stand for sure."

The next two X-Men films, X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009) and X-Men: First Class (2011) were prequels that took place before the events of the first X-Men movie. The first film set chronologically after The Last Stand was The Wolverine (2013), a standalone sequel, that shows Logan heading for Japan to escape the memories of what occurred during The Last Stand. Jackman and Janssen reprised their roles, while McKellen and Stewart appear in a mid-credits scene.

X-Men: Days of Future Past, the direct sequel to The Last Stand, was released on May 23, 2014, with Jackman, Berry, Stewart, McKellen, Paquin, Page, Ashmore, Cudmore, Grammer, Janssen, and Marsden reprising their respective roles. The plot, inspired by the comic book "Days of Future Past" story arc, begins with a dystopian future set years after The Last Stand. Wolverine's consciousness is sent back in time, to his 1973 body in order to guide the younger Xavier and Magneto into preventing the events that lead to the desolate future. The events of the film end up retroactively changing the continuity of the series, changing some events in films set after First Class, resulting in an altered timeline where Jean and Cyclops are still alive.

title: X-Men: The Last Stand