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Yoshio Sawai

Yoshio Sawai (澤井啓夫) is a Japanese gag manga artist, best known for his series Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo and sequel Shinsetsu Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo, both serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump. Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo was adapted into a 76 episodes anime series by the Toei Animation studio between 2003 and 2005. His father is Japanese literature academic Taizo Sawai.

Career
Sawai made his debut in Weekly Shōnen Jump drawing one shot manga such as Mutekiman and ''Fierce!! Rock Paper Scissors Island!!'', all of which have a gag aspect of manga, usually using satire and visual gags. Not too long after beginning to work for Shōnen Jump, Sawai began experimenting with various concepts regarding characters who fought with bizarre bodily functions, including a hero who fought with farts and a poop-headed hero. His most successful experiment was a Fist of the North Star parody involving a strange afro-haired man who fought against "Hair Hunters" using his nose hairs in a post-apocalyptic society. The character, as well as the story itself, was Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo. Over several one-shots, Sawai further defined Bo-bobo as well as introducing other characters, including damsel-in-distress Beauty, fellow nosehair fighter Gunkan (Captain Battleship), rival fart-fighter Heppokomaru (Gasser), and a strange star-shaped creature and fellow "Hajikelist" known as Don Patch. After the success of these one-shots, Bo-bobo became a weekly series in 2001, where it had a long and successful run until its conclusion in 2007. Afterwards Sawai responded to every fanletter received during the series' 6-year run. He spent time with a fan diagnosed with adrenoleukodystrophy, eating together and gifting an autograph.

Sawai's art style is a mix of very blocky-looking characters and, sometimes, very detailed art. He tends to focus on the realistic appearance of his characters' facial expressions when they freak out. Because of the nature of his series, he has often written Bo-bobo version parodies of other authors' manga, including Akira Toriyama's Dragon Ball, Yudetamago's Kinnikuman, Kazuki Takahashi's Yu-Gi-Oh!, and Tsugumi Ohba's and Takeshi Obata's Death Note. He was also the leader of a team of gag-based manga artists (alongside Kyosuke Usuta, Amon Dai and Kouji Ooishi) who wrote a special 30th anniversary chapter of Osamu Akimoto's Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen-mae Hashutsujo. (Kochi Kame) By his own admission Sawai's drawing skill is behind other contemporary authors, commenting "Even if my art is messy, even if the story doesn't makes sense, as long as I make people laugh then all is well."

Sawai returned to the magazine in September 2008 with new series Chagecha. He has also published a children's storybook, Kirarinchoshirizu.

In December 2011 Sawai started a spin-off manga of Don Patch from Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo entitled ''Fuwari! Don Pacchi in Saikyō Jump''. A sequel to the spinoff titled "Honnori! Don Patch" was serialized in the Shōnen Jump+ app until its conclusion in August 2015.

A new one-shot titled "Frontline Spirits" was released February 2021 on the Shōnen Jump+ app

title: Yoshio Sawai


text:
Talk:The Dalek Invasion of Earth

Episode splitting
I'm opening this to discussion. So far the way we've been writing synopses do not distinguish between episodes. While I can see the usefulness of this, at the same time some synopses don't cleanly break at the episode ends and beginnings. Since this is quite a radical change to the way things have been done, can we come to a consensus on this? --khaosworks 20:23, May 30, 2005 (UTC)

The Daleks' power and that antenna in episode 6
It's not stated in this story how the Daleks gain their power -- they don't have the solar panels seen in The Chase onwards, and they're clearly not drawing static electricity from the floor like in The Daleks. I'm pretty sure I read somewhere that the intention was they received their power through the dishes on their backs; hence when David and Susan destroy the tower, they're left immobilised -- one of the things that Dalek screeches moments later seems to be "power loss complete!". (However, a Dalek is seen moving shortly afterwards -- perhaps it recovered from the shock enough to use its battery backup?). In the novelisation it stated the dishes and antenna were part of a communications network (the disruption of which confuses and immobilises them), but there's no explanation in the show for why the antenna's destruction causes them so much trouble... what do you guys think? Dave-ros 00:02, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Dalekanium
In this story it is pronounced as "Dalekenium", even coming up like that in the subtitles. Should this be addressed? --86.2.173.190 (talk) 16:26, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

Continuity
So the Daleks were gonna dig to the core of the earth. If they had succeeded, they would have found the ship of that spiderlike alien creature from "The Runaway Bride" which was hidden there since the earth was created. Might we wanna mention that? Also, how is it with the continuity of history in general? This episode states the Daleks attacked earth in the 22nd Century, and that Daleks existed on Skaro one million years in the future. Does this somehow contradict any of the modern episodes? E.g. some that show London still standing after the 22nd Century with no signs of a volcano erruption, or the like? --Mithcoriel (talk) 20:22, 17 May 2008 (UTC)
 * They would have probs blown it up and never noticed it...it would have been empty by this time anyway, or possible excavated at an earlier date...Gavin Scott (talk) 16:04, 26 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Big Ball of Timey Wimey stuff. Given that the daleks were wiped out/ locked in the time war it is possible that this entire timeline of the dalek invasion never comes into existance leaving the way open for the Great and Bountiful Human Empire to expand ahead of schedule. 147.188.254.124 (talk) 14:38, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Edmund Warwick
Alright so in the first doctor page Edmund Warwick is listed in the sidebar as playing the first doctor in part of the dalek invasion of Earth (he was the stand in, in episode 4) so if he gets a mention in the sidebar on the page of the first doctor shouldn't he get a mention in the side bar in this article as well. Therealluke (talk) 10:09, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Plot bloat
We do not need. It is excessive, see WP:TVPLOT and also WP:PLOTBLOAT. -- Red rose64 (talk) 13:33, 20 August 2015 (UTC)

 * It's not excessive for a serial with six episodes, see WP:WIKIPROJECT DOCTOR WHO/MOS. 86.174.107.27 (talk) 23:22, 9 October 2015 (UTC)

Vetoed
Numerous signs and banners reading "Vetoed" are seen around London, in the 4th episode The End of Tomorrow (I think). Could this be a reference to the fact that the application of the United Kingdom to join the European Economic Community had been vetoed by the president of France, Charles De Gaulle, in january 1963 ?

If so, would it be interesting to include this tidbit in the present article, or would it be too trivial ?

--00:19, 31 October 2021 (UTC)Noliscient (talk)
 * If a reliable source confirms the reference and considers it notable, then it may be worth including; otherwise, no. – Rhain  ☔ 01:05, 31 October 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:The Dalek Invasion of Earth


text:
Ventoux

Ventoux may refer to:

 * Mont Ventoux
 * Renault Ventoux engine
 * Ventoux AOC, a French wine appellation formerly known as Côtes du Ventoux

title: Ventoux


text:
Alex Linder

Milton Alexander Linder (born June 30, 1966) is an American white supremacist. He is the founder and editor of the Vanguard News Network (VNN), an antisemitic and white supremacist website and forum  described by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) as "one of the most active white supremacist sites on the Internet."

Linder is a former member of the National Alliance, a political organisation considered by the Southern Poverty Law Center as "the country's most active and important neo-Nazi group" in the United States when he joined it.

Background
Linder was born and raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and graduated with a bachelor's degree from Pomona College in Claremont, California, in 1988, then worked as a researcher for CNN on the Evans & Novak political show, and then at The American Spectator.

Criminal record
On May 26, 2007, Linder organized what has been described as a "racially charged protest" linked to the Channon Christian and Christopher Newsom murder case in Knoxville, Tennessee, that attracted 30 supporters, around 60 counterprotesters, and 300 law enforcement officers. Linder fought with police and was the only person arrested. He was charged with disorderly conduct, resisting arrest, vandalism, and assault on a police officer. He was placed on six months probation and ordered to pay restitution to the police officer whom he assaulted.

Political life
Linder is an ex-member of the National Alliance, a Holocaust denier, white separatist, neo-Nazi, and white nationalist group. He left after deciding to allow criticism of the National Alliance to appear on the VNN forums.

The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) reported that Linder announced in January 2005 his intention to establish the White Freedom Party, stating it was "America's first political party advocating Aryan interests and specifically naming the Jew as the agent of white genocide and greatest obstacle to our people's self-preservation as a distinct and protected people." It threatened to "WAGE NONSTOP WAR on the Jews, coloreds, and mainstream sellouts". Lacking financial backing, the "White Freedom Party" is currently dormant.

The Aryan Alternative
In 2004, Linder began publishing a tabloid newspaper called The Aryan Alternative. Four issues were published as of July 2010—the first issue was published in mid-2004. Printing of the first issue resulted in 41,000 copies being distributed in 28 U.S. states. The most recent issue, July 2010 (#4), was published in mid-2009. The newspaper is distributed for free, but donations for it are solicited online.

In articles he has written for The Aryan Alternative newspaper, Linder claims that Jews have been and are consciously engaged in a conspiracy that is implementing a systematic program of genocide to exterminate the Aryan race.

title: Alex Linder


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shared hosting

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Speedily deleted. JRM · Talk 20:53, 2005 May 30 (UTC)

Shared hosting
Spam. DELETE. CAPS LOCK 20:24, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Tony Rickardsson

Jan Tony Soren Rickardsson (born on 17 August 1970) is a Swedish former professional motorcycle speedway rider. He competed in the Speedway World Championships from 1989 to 2006. Rickardsson is notable for winning six Speedway World Championship titles in 15 attempts. In 2011, Rickardsson was named an FIM Legend for his motorcycling achievements.

Promising talent
Rickardsson was born in Avesta, Dalarna County, Sweden. In 1989 he became Swedish team champion with the now defunct Stockholm U team. The next year, he won the Swedish Championship, a title he's won six times since, including three times in a row from 1997 to 1999. That year, he also won a bronze medal at the Junior World Championships in Lviv. In 1991, he made his debut at the World Championship in Gothenburg, and surprised many by winning silver behind diminutive Dane Jan O. Pedersen. Rickardsson was lucky to actually make the 1991 World Final after having missed qualifying when he finished 10th in the Nordic Final in Denmark, but got his chance when as first reserve he replaced injured English rider Andy Smith for the World Semi-final in Germany and ended up finishing a strong 5th to qualify for the Final.

This promising performance was followed up by two fourteenth-places at the next World Championship, before he won the last single-event World Championships in an extra play-off race against Danish triple World Champion Hans Nielsen and Australian Craig Boyce. In 1993 he won the Speedway World Pairs Championship with Per Jonsson and Henrik Gustafsson. He also won the 1992 and 1994 World Team Cup Championships as a member of the powerful Swedish teams which included 1990 World Champion Per Jonsson, Henrik Gustafsson, 1988 World Under-21 champ Peter Nahlin, Jimmy Nilsen and Mikael Karlsson.

World dominance
He won the Elite League Riders' Championship, held at the Abbey Stadium on 11 October 1998.

Despite being on or near the top of the tables in the new Speedway Grand Prix series, organised as six events where points were tallied at the end, Rickardsson failed to win a single individual Grand Prix event in the next three years, and only won a World Championship silver and a Swedish Championship in that time. However, from 1998 onwards, he was dominant. He won three of six events in 1998, including a home win in Linköping, and ended up beating fellow Swede Jimmy Nilsen by 12 points. Joining Hans Nielsen as the only 2 riders to have won world titles in both the single meeting and grand prix formats. This year, he also won the Elitserien with Valsarna of Hagfors, being the highest averaging rider that season, and he won the British Elite League with Ipswich, averaging the highest for them as well. 1999 was an almost equally stunning season, although it started badly when he got disqualified in the first race at Prague, finishing eleventh. After three races, he was third, 24 points behind Tomasz Gollob, who looked to be cruising to victory. However, Gollob ran into trouble in the fourth race at Coventry, being forced to retire after the introductory stages and finishing eighth, meaning that Rickardsson caught up 15 points in one race. With one event left at Vojens, Gollob still led by four points, but in a quarter-final heat where Ryan Sullivan had been excluded and he only had to finish in the top two to qualify for the semi-final, Gollob finished third, and the pressure was off Rickardsson - who would now win if he finished in the top six. This recovery gave him Swedish sport's arguably greatest award, Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal (lit.: The Achievement Medal), for the best achievement of the year.

21st century
Rickardsson continued to win titles throughout the new century, although Mark Loram won the 2000 World Championship despite not winning a single event. Rickardsson won one - at Wrocław, but was too inconsistent to win the overall title. However, he again won the Elitserien, this time with his local team Masarna from Avesta, as he and team-mate Leigh Adams were the two highest averaging riders in the entire league. In 2001 he was back on the World stage, winning the World title with a record 121 points from six Grand Prix events, only missing one final - the last, at home on Stockholms Stadion, which was really academic as only a thirteenth place could possibly have robbed him of the title. He managed to win at home in the next Grand Prix series in 2002, which gave him three individual wins as he won his fifth World Championship.

In 2003, he finished third overall. Thirteenth place finishes in Gothenburg, Bydgoszcz and Hamar ruining his bid for the title, and a concussion kept him out of the Swedish team that won the World Cup at Vojens (though he was part of a qualifier race and hence stands with a World Cup medal - his only title that year). The following year he managed to win the Swedish Championship at Målilla, but consistency eluded him as Jason Crump pipped him to the World title by three points (although the lead was 17 points before the final race).

He followed this up with another extremely strong season in 2005. With six first positions at Wrocław (1st Event), Krško (3rd), Cardiff (4th), Copenhagen (5th), Prague (6th) and Lonigo (9th); a second in the Swedish event at Eskilstuna (2nd); third in the Scandinavian held in Målilla (7th) and a lowly 9th in the Polish Grand Prix held at Bydgoszcz (8th Event). Even with such a poor finish in Poland, however, he had already virtually sown up the Championship in the 7th Grand Prix in Målilla, ahead of Jason Crump. After the sixth event held in the Czech Republic, he was first in the points per event table of the Elitserien (the Swedish Domestic Elite League). Though Tony stated that he would give up racing after the 2006 season, he announced his early retirement from both World Championship and Domestic Speedway on 1 August 2006 at a press conference in Stockholm, in order to pursue his interest in racing cars instead. Rickardsson was a contestant on the TV4 television show Let's Dance 2008 in which he finished 2nd.

Summary of Titles

 * Speedway World Champion 6 times (1994, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2005) - Record, jointly held with Ivan Mauger of New Zealand
 * World Pairs Champion 1993
 * World Team Cup winner 2 times (1994, 2000)
 * World Cup winner 2 times (2003, 2004)
 * Swedish Champion 7 times (1990, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2004)
 * Swedish Elite League Champion 3 times (1989 with Stockholm, 1998 with Valsarna, 2000 with Masarna)
 * Swedish National League Champion (1987 with Gamarna)
 * Polish League Champion 3 times (2001 with Torun, 2004, 2005 with Tarnow)
 * Peter Craven Shield (British team competition) Champion 2 times (1998 with Ipswich, 2001 with Poole)
 * British Elite League Champion 3 Times (1998 with Ipswich, 2003 & 2004 with Poole)
 * Series 500 Champion (Australian Masters Series) 1 time (1995)
 * Golden Helmet of Pardubice 3 times (1992, 1993, 1995)

Other honours
In 2024, Rickardsson was honoured by Carl XVI Gustaf for merits in Swedish sport.
 * Jerring Award: 2005

Individual World Championship

 * 1991 - 🇸🇪 Gothenburg, Ullevi - 2nd - 12pts
 * 1992 - 🇵🇱 Wrocław, Olympic Stadium - 14th - 5pts
 * 1993 - 🇩🇪 Pocking, Rottalstadion - 14th - 4pts
 * 1994 - Vojens, Speedway Center Winner - 12pts + 3pts

World Pairs Championship

 * 1992 - 🇮🇹 Lonigo Santa Marina Stadium (with Per Jonsson / Henrik Gustafsson) - 2nd - 22pts (0)
 * 1993 - Vojens, Speedway Center (with Per Jonsson / Henrik Gustafsson) - Winner - 26pts (15)

World Team Cup/World Cup

 * 1991 - Vojens, Speedway Center (with Per Jonsson / Henrik Gustafsson / Jimmy Nilsen / Peter Nahlin) - 2nd - 30pts (7)
 * 1992 - 🇸🇪 Kumla, Kumla Motorstadion (with Per Jonsson / Henrik Gustafsson / Jimmy Nilsen / Peter Nahlin) - second - 33pts (7)
 * 1993 - 🏴 Coventry, Brandon Stadium (with Per Jonsson / Henrik Gustafsson / Peter Karlsson / Peter Nahlin) - 3rd - 28pts (9)
 * 1994 - 🇩🇪 Brokstedt, Holsteinring Brokstedt (with Henrik Gustafsson / Mikael Karlsson) - Winner - 23pts (12)
 * 1995 - 🇵🇱 Bydgoszcz, Polonia Bydgoszcz Stadium (with Henrik Gustafsson / Peter Karlsson) - 4th - 19pts (15+2)
 * 1997 - 🇵🇱 Piła, Stadion Polonii Piła (with Jimmy Nilsen / Peter Karlsson) - 3rd - 21pts (17)
 * 1998 - Vojens, Speedway Center (with Jimmy Nilsen / Peter Karlsson) - 2nd - 24pts (5)
 * 2000 - 🏴 Coventry, Brandon Stadium (with Mikael Karlsson / Henrik Gustafsson / Peter Karlsson / Niklas Klingberg) - Winner - 40pts (16+3)
 * 2001 - 🇵🇱 Wrocław, Olympic Stadium (with Jimmy Nilsen / Mikael Karlsson / Niklas Klingberg / Andreas Jonsson) - 3rd - 51pts (17)
 * 2002 - 🏴 Peterborough, East of England Showground (with Niklas Klingberg / Peter Karlsson / Mikael Karlsson / Stefan Andersson) - 3rd - 54pts (15)
 * 2004 - 🏴 Poole, Poole Stadium (with Mikael Karlsson / Antonio Lindbäck / Andreas Jonsson / Peter Karlsson) - Winner - 49pts (12)
 * 2005 - 🇵🇱 Wrocław, Olympic Stadium (with Peter Karlsson / Andreas Jonsson / Antonio Lindbäck / Fredrik Lindgren) - 2nd - 34pts (7)

Individual Under-21 World Championship

 * 1990 - Lviv, Stadium Ska - 3rd - 10pts

Grand Prix wins

 * 1: 1998 Speedway Grand Prix of Czech Republic
 * 2: 1998 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany
 * 3: 1998 Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden
 * 4: 1999 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain
 * 5: 1999 Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark
 * 6: 2000 Speedway Grand Prix of Poland
 * 7: 2001 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain
 * 8: 2001 Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark
 * 9: 2002 Speedway Grand Prix of Norway
 * 10: 2002 Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden
 * 11: 2002 Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark
 * 12: 2003 Speedway Grand Prix of Europe
 * 13: 2004 Speedway Grand Prix of Slovenia
 * 14: 2004 Speedway Grand Prix of Norway
 * 15: 2005 Speedway Grand Prix of Europe
 * 16: 2005 Speedway Grand Prix of Slovenia
 * 17: 2005 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain
 * 18: 2005 Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark
 * 19: 2005 Speedway Grand Prix of Czech Republic
 * 20: 2005 Speedway Grand Prix of Italy

Trivia

 * He was nominated for the most prestigious Swedish sports awards for many years before finally winning in 2006 . For the last four years the Swedish comedian Robert Gustafsson often appeared as him, talking sarcastically about how the winners deserved the prize while he was annoyed about never winning.

title: Tony Rickardsson


text:
The Embassy

The Embassy may refer to:

 * The Embassy (band), a Swedish music group
 * Mogul Embassy, a professional wrestling faction in Ring of Honor better known as The Embassy
 * World Professional Darts Championship, a championship previously referred to as The Embassy
 * The Embassy Lark, a radio comedy series broadcast from 1966 to 1968 as a spin-off from The Navy Lark
 * The Embassy Visual Effects, a visual effects studio located in Vancouver, Canada
 * The Embassy (TV series), a 2014 Australian factual television series

title: The Embassy


text:
User talk:Leeharveyoswald747

This user appears to be a vandal. I ask for a ban and will try to watch him closely (after June 2nd, at least, when I'm free from school. --capnez 20:25, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Leeharveyoswald747


text: Template:Scientist type by nationality

title: Template:Scientist type by nationality


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wikimedia In Memoriam 9/11

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep, although the logic in so doing is borked at best. Mackensen (talk) 23:22, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedia In Memoriam 9/11
Not encyclopedic, vanity. --SPUI (talk) 20:27, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --SPUI (talk) 20:27, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, see Wikimedia. We have articles on all of the Wikipedia sister projects.  RickK 22:37, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikimedia undermines that argument, as quite pointedly we don't have an article for Wikispecies. Uncle G 21:34, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)
 * Keep per RickK. I think the project itself is more debatable than this. Hedley 22:38, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. --WikiFan04ß 17:39, 30 May 2005 (CDT)
 * Delete. This is a good first step to finally deleting the project itself. --Alterego 22:41, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Why would we possibly want to do that? RickK 22:57, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * I explained my reasonings here last year. IMHO, it should be moved to wikicities and be displayed with advertisements. It's aim to be neutral is a joke...Please help preserve their memory. Some, such as Ward Churchill, preserve a different point of view. Anyway, OT.--Alterego 02:33, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Some have suggested the project be deleted for various reasons. However, I don't think that deleting the article would have anything to do with it (see Nupedia, that's defunct but still has an article). Hedley 23:02, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. My guess (though I have no numbers) is that this site is much less popular, in terms of visitors or audience, than many we would delete as non-notable or advertisements. Are we applying a different standard to this article because it is a Wikimedia project? If we do, is that a self-reference? Demi T/C 22:58, 2005 May 30 (UTC)
 * It is debatable that such standards of self-reference already exist. For example, Angela Beesley may be less notable than some articles deleted, but stays for being a major figure within a major internet project. The same may end up applying here. Hedley 23:03, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * But is this a major part? Or is it just a spinoff that has failed to get any real usage? --SPUI (talk) 23:56, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Hordes of people vote keep on bands with one EP, small town radio stations, and schools with only a few dozen students.  It seems absurd to delete a major web project like this because we're over-concerned about being self-referential. Gamaliel 23:00, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * "Major web project"? Its own statistics page says that it has "274 pages that are probably legitimate content pages.".  That's about the size of my own web site.  SPUI's search shows 20 results for what links to this site's main page (6 if one discounts the links that turn out to be from this and other Wikimedia projects).  One of my own web pages has four times that many (0 of which are from Wikimedia projects).  This wiki gets 4 hits in total on Google Groups.  The URL of another of my web pages was mentioned 8 times on Usenet in the past week alone, according to Google Groups.  Is my web site a "major web project"?  If these are the criteria, please let me know how soon my web site will have its own Wikipedia article.  Uncle G 21:34, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)
 * I thought the wikimemorial was more active and significant than it is, but reading your comments and the votes below, it seems I had a mistaken impression about the size, scope, and status of the project. Gamaliel 15:44, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Alexa lumps it in with the rest of Wikipedia, so I can't give an Alexa rank. But a Google search for links to it and a Google search for "sep11.wikipedia.org" give VERY few results outside Wikipedia and mirrors. If this were not a Wikimedia project, it would be unanimously deleted as vanity. At most it should get one or two sentences in Wikimedia, and even that is debatable. --SPUI (talk) 23:02, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I find SPUI's analysis to be convincing.  No special treatment for wikimedia.  Quale 00:55, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per RickK. Also, VFD does not seem appropriate to be the first step in debating whether or not we should deleting the project. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 05:55, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, concur with SPUI (for a change) and Quale. Megan1967 10:06, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this at least, IMO entire project should be deleted (wikipedia is not a memorial) Proto 11:25, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * No, but Wikipeople might be. Uncle G 21:34, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)
 * Abstain; iff the project stays, this page should stay. People who wish the project removed should take it to WP:RFC, or possibly, meta. Radiant_* 13:24, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not a WikiProject. It's not part of Wikipedia at all.  WP:RFC doesn't cover it. Uncle G 21:34, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)
 * Delete the article. Archive the project. There's no more to write about this than there is about some random WikiProject. Just because it got wrongly moved to its own wiki doesn't make it encyclopedic. See also Meta:Babel for recent discussion. Angela. 17:10, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please it is factual and npov Yuckfoo 16:14, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * An article about the fences in my back garden would be factual, verifiable, and NPOV. Uncle G 21:34, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)
 * the odds are much greater that someone would search for information about this project than your garden Yuckfoo 21:39, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * So your actual rationale (elicited after prodding and which turns out to be "factual and npov and in my estimation a likely thing that someone would search an encyclopaedia for") does involve a notability bar. I disagree with the height at which you place it.  I don't think that this is something that people are going to enter directly into the "Go" box.  (As I said earlier, if I did I would have voted Redirect.)  For starters: It's not even the name of the project.  According to the project's own main page it is called In Memoriam: September 11, 2001.  According to Meta it is called 9-11 Memorial.  (I'd have voted Redirect for either of those names, as well.)  I'd like to see some evidence for any assertion that people are going to look up this name, though, given that it isn't even the name of the project.  What makes you think that people are going to look for an article with this name? Uncle G 15:26, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is not Meta. Alterego and RickK both miss the point, but in different ways.  Alterego is wrong, in that deleting this article has nothing whatever to do with removing the WikiMedia project.  RickK is wrong, in that it is Meta where one will find individual articles on all of the WikiMedia projects (both current and proposed).  Demi, Quale, Megan1967, and Angela all hit the nail on the head.  The same standards for inclusion in Wikipedia should apply to wikis run by the Wikimedia Foundation as they do to wikis run by others.  As RickK's shoot-self-in-the-foot argument demonstrates, Wikipedia doesn't have a separate article for Wikispecies.  A quick look at the recent changes verifies what Angela says on Babel about this wiki: It's nearly dead itself.  And as pointed out above, there are few external references to it.  If it were anyone else's wiki, we wouldn't have a separate article on it.  We already have those "one or two sentences in Wikimedia" that SPUI mentions.  If this were an article name that people would look for, I'd say Redirect, but I don't think that it is. Delete. Uncle G 21:34, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)
 * Alterego is wrong, in that deleting this article has nothing whatever to do with removing the WikiMedia project. Actually, you're wrong. As you can clearly see from reading the discussions above, it's a good first step. Additionally, you're more wrong than that. Wikispecies is a redirect to Wikimedia, a perfect place on Wikipedia for including short blurbs about the foundation's various aspirations and projects in an encyclopedic context. Just to rub it in how wrong you are, Wikibooks, Wikiquote, Wiktionary, Wikisource, Wikimedia Commons, and Wikinews all have dedicated articles. Wikimedia In Memoriam 9/11's existence relies simply in the virtue of whether or not the project's existence is well founded. If the project should be archived, as Angela suggests, then the article should not exist. However, if it is indeed found to be a neutral and existence worthy project then the standard of having articles on Wikimedia Foundation projects at Wikipedia should also be applied to the 9/11 article. Hence my comment: I vote in favor of deleting (or archiving, in the form of only making the database dump available) the entire project. As the merit of the existence of one is reliant on the other, a decision must be made that considers them hand in hand. It clearly calls for a further vote. And irrespective of any of these points, you were clearly wrong before beginning with, because. --Alterego 22:21, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not any sort of "first step" at all. It has nothing whatever to do with the process of deleting the project, which you still incorrectly seem to think is predicated upon the existence of an encyclopaedia article and vice versa, despite Hedley's outright example to the contrary.  I say again: Wikipedia is not Meta..  Moreover: The "standard of having articles on Wikimedia Foundation projects" should be the standard for having articles on anyone else's MediaWiki projects.  Finally: Which part of "separate article" was unclear? Uncle G 03:48, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * Some folks think they can get away with saying "no, that's not the case, and the reason it's not the case is that your thinking is incorrect". That's not reasoning, it's fallacy. --Alterego
 * Funny, I thought you were making that line of reasoning. My bad. --SPUI (talk) 05:57, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * You thought wrong ;) --Alterego 16:03, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete agree with Angela. JamesBurns 09:18, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable enough. Grue 11:40, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * How you you come up with that? --SPUI (talk) 13:09, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Siege of Toulon (1793)

The siege of Toulon (29 August – 19 December 1793) was a military engagement that took place during the Federalist revolts and the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. It was undertaken by forces of the French Republic against Royalist rebels supported by Anglo-Spanish forces in the southern French city of Toulon. It was during this siege that young Napoleon Bonaparte first won fame and promotion when his plan, involving the capture of fortifications above the harbour, was credited with forcing the city to capitulate and the Anglo-Spanish fleet to withdraw. The siege marked the first involvement of the British Royal Navy with the French Revolution.

Background
After the arrest of the Girondist deputies on the 2 June 1793, there followed a series of insurrections within the French cities of Lyon, Avignon, Nîmes, and Marseille known as Federalist revolts. In Toulon, the federalists evicted the local chapter of the Jacobin Club, but were soon supplanted by the more numerous royalists. Upon the announcement of the recapture of Marseille and of the reprisals which had taken place there at the hands of the revolutionaries, the royalist forces, directed by the Baron Xavier Lebret d'Imbert, requested support from the Anglo-Spanish fleet. On 28 August, the British and Spanish commanders of the fleet, Admiral Sir Samuel Hood (Royal Navy) and Admiral Juan de Lángara (Spanish Navy), responded with 13,000 troops of British, Spanish, Neapolitan and Sardinian origin. Baron d'Imbert delivered the port of Toulon to the British navy.

Toulon hoisted the royal flag, the fleur de lys, and d'Imbert declared the eight-year-old Louis XVII King of France on the first of October. This result produced a potentially mortal situation for the French Republic, as the city had a key naval arsenal and was the base for 26 ships of the line (about one-third of the total available to the French Navy). Without this port, the French could not hope to challenge the Allies, and specifically the British, for control of the seas. In addition, Toulon's loss would send a dangerous signal to others preparing to revolt against the Republic. Although France had a large army due to its levée en masse, the Republic could not easily rebuild its navy, which had been the third largest in Europe, if the Allies and Royalists destroyed or captured much of it. Both the strategic importance of the naval base and the prestige of the Revolution demanded that the French recapture Toulon.

Siege
I have no words to describe Bonaparte's merit: much technical skill, an equal degree of intelligence, and too much gallantry ... The troops of the army said to be of the "Carmagnoles", under the command of General Jean François Carteaux, arrived at Toulon on 8 September, after those troops had recovered Avignon and Marseille, and then Ollioules. They joined up with the 6,000 men of the Alpine Maritime Army, commanded by General Jean François Cornu de La Poype, who had just taken La Valette-du-Var, and sought to take the forts of Mont Faron, which dominated the city to the East. They were reinforced by 3,000 sailors under the orders of Admiral Jean René César de Saint-Julien de Chabon, who refused to serve the British with his chief, Jean-Honoré de Trogoff de Kerlessy. A further 5,000 soldiers under General La Poype were attached to the army to retake Toulon from the Army of Italy.

The Chief of Artillery, Elzéar Auguste Cousin de Dommartin, having been wounded at Ollioules, had the young captain Napoleon Bonaparte imposed upon him by the special representatives of the National Convention and Bonaparte's friends—Augustin Robespierre and Antoine Christophe Saliceti. Bonaparte had been in the area escorting a convoy of powder wagons en route to Nice and had stopped in to pay his respects to his fellow Corsican, Saliceti. Bonaparte had been present in the army since the Avignon insurrection (July, 1793), and was imposed on Dommartin in this way despite the antipathy between the two men. Despite the mutual dislike, Bonaparte was able to muster an artillery force that was sufficient for a siege of Toulon and the fortresses that were quickly built by the British in its immediate environs. He was able to requisition equipment and cannon from the surrounding area. Guns were taken from Marseille, Avignon and the Army of Italy. The local populace, which was eager to prove its loyalty to the republic which it had recently rebelled against, was blackmailed into supplying the besieging force with animals and supplies. His activity resulted in the acquisition of 100 guns for the force. With the help of his friends, the deputies Saliceti and Augustin Robespierre, who held power of life and death, he was able to compel retired artillery officers from the area to re-enlist. The problem of manning the guns was not remedied by this solution alone, and under Bonaparte's intensive training he instructed much of the infantry in the practice of employing, deploying and firing the artillery that his efforts had recently acquired. However, in spite of this effort, Bonaparte was not as confident about this operation as was later his custom. The officers serving with him in the siege were incompetent, and he was becoming concerned about the needless delays due to these officers' mistakes. He was so concerned that he wrote a letter of appeal to the Committee of Public Safety requesting assistance. To deal with his superiors who were wanting in skill, he proposed the appointment of a general for command of the artillery, succeeding himself, so that "... [they could] command respect and deal with a crowd of fools on the staff with whom one has constantly to argue and lay down the law in order to overcome their prejudices and make them take steps which theory and practice alike have shown to be axiomatic to any trained officer of this corps".

After some reconnaissance, Bonaparte conceived a plan which envisaged the capture of the forts of Fort de l'Éguillette and Fort de Balaguier on the hill of Cairo (colline du Caire), which would then prevent passage between the small and large harbours of the port, so cutting maritime resupply, necessary for those under siege. Carteaux, reluctant, sent only a weak detachment under Major General Henri François Delaborde, which failed in its attempted conquest on 22 September. The allies, now alerted, built Fort Mulgrave, named in honour of the British commander, Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave, on the summit of the hill. It was supported by three smaller ones, called Saint-Phillipe, Saint-Côme, and Saint-Charles. The apparently impregnable assemblage was nicknamed by the French "Little Gibraltar".

Bonaparte was dissatisfied by the sole battery—called the "Mountain", positioned on the height of Saint-Laurent since 19 September. He established another, on the shore of Brégallion, called the "sans-culottes". Hood attempted to silence it, without success, but the British fleet was obliged to harden its resolve along the coast anew, because of the high seabed of Mourillon and la Tour Royale. On the first of October, after the failure of General La Poype against the "Eastern Fort" of Faron, Bonaparte was asked to bombard the large fort of Malbousquet, whose fall would be required to enable the capture of the city. He therefore requisitioned artillery from all of the surrounding countryside, holding the power of fifty batteries of six cannon apiece. Promoted to Chief of Battalion on 19 October, he organised a grand battery, said to be "of the Convention", on the hill of Arènes and facing the fort, supported by those of the "Camp of the Republicans" on the hill of Dumonceau, by those of the "Farinière" on the hill of Gaux, and those of the "Poudrière" at Lagoubran.

On 11 November, Carteaux was dismissed and replaced by François Amédée Doppet, formerly a doctor, whose panic upon witnessing the death of his aide-de-camp beside him would cause an attempted attack against Fort Mulgrave on the 15th to fail. He was succeeded by a career soldier, Dugommier, who immediately recognised the virtue of Bonaparte's plan, and prepared for the capture of Little Gibraltar. On the 20th, as soon as he arrived, the battery "Jacobin" was established, on the ridge of l'Evescat. Then, on the left, on 28 November, the battery of the "Men Without Fear", and then on 14 December, the "Chasse Coquins" were constructed between the two. Two other batteries were organised to repel the eventual intervention of the allied ships, they were called "The Great Harbour" and the "Four Windmills".

Pressured by the bombardment, the Anglo-Neapolitans executed a sortie, and took hold of the battery of the "Convention". A counter-attack, headed by Dugommier and Bonaparte, pushed them back and the British general Charles O'Hara was captured. He initiated surrender negotiations with Robespierre the Younger and Antoine Louis Albitte and the Federalist and Royalist battalions were disarmed.

Following O'Hara's capture, Dugommier, La Poype, and Bonaparte (now a colonel) launched a general assault during the night of 16 December. Around midnight, the assault began on Little Gibraltar and the fighting continued all night. Bonaparte was injured in the thigh by a British sergeant with a bayonet. However, in the morning, the position having been taken, Marmont was able to place artillery there, against l'Eguillette and Balaguier, which the British had evacuated without confrontation on the same day. During this time, La Poype finally was able to take the forts of Faron and Malbousquet. The allies then decided to evacuate by their maritime route. Commodore Sydney Smith was instructed by Hood to have the delivery fleet and the arsenal burnt.

Destruction of the French fleet
Lángara ordered Don Pedro Cotiella to take three boats into the arsenal to destroy the French fleet. Sir Sidney Smith, who had recently arrived, volunteered to accompany him with his ship Swallow and three British boats. Cotiella was tasked with sinking Toulon's hulks; one was a disarmed former British frigate captured during the American Revolutionary War, Montréal, and the other was the French frigate Iris. These ships contained the gunpowder stores for the entire fleet and due to the danger of explosion were anchored in the outer roads, some distance from the city. He was then instructed to enter the Old Arsenal and destroy the ships there. The dock gates had been barred against attack and manned by 800 former galley slaves freed during the retreat. Their sympathies were with the advancing Republicans so to ensure that they did not interfere, Smith kept his guns trained on them throughout the operation. His boats were spotted by the Republican batteries on the heights and cannonballs and shells landed in the arsenal, although none struck Smith's men. As darkness fell Republican troops reached the shoreline and contributed musketry to the fusillade; Smith replied with grapeshot from his boats' guns. At 20:00 Captain Charles Hare brought the fire ship HMS Vulcan into the New Arsenal. Smith halted the ship across the row of anchored French ships of the line, and lit the fuses at 22:00. Hare was badly wounded by an early detonation as he attempted to leave his ship. Simultaneously, fire parties set alight the warehouses and stores ashore, including the mast house and the hemp and timber stores, creating an inferno across the harbour as Vulcan's cannons fired a last salvo at the French positions on the shore. With the fires spreading through the dockyards and New Arsenal, Smith began to withdraw. His force was illuminated by the flames, making an inviting target for the Republican batteries. As his boats passed the Iris, however, the powder ship suddenly and unexpectedly exploded, blasting debris in a wide circle and sinking two of the British boats. On Britannia all of the crew survived, but the blast killed the master and three men on Union.

With the New Arsenal in flames, Smith realised that the Old Arsenal appeared intact; only a few small fires marked the Spanish effort to destroy the French ships anchored within. He immediately led Swallow back towards the arsenal but found that Republican soldiers had captured it intact, their heavy musketry driving him back. Instead he turned to two disarmed ships of the line, Héros and Thémistocle, which lay in the inner roads as prison hulks. The French Republican prisoners on board had initially resisted British efforts to burn the ships, but with the evidence of the destruction in the arsenal before them they consented to be safely conveyed to shore as Smith's men set the empty hulls on fire.

Evacuation
With all the available targets on fire or in French hands, Smith withdrew once more, accompanied by dozens of small watercraft packed with Toulonnais refugees and Neapolitan soldiers separated during the retreat. As he passed the second powder hulk, Montréal, she also exploded unexpectedly. Although his force was well within the blast radius, on this occasion none of Smith's men were struck by falling debris and his boats retired to the waiting British fleet without further incident. As Smith's boats had gone about their work Hood had ordered HMS Robust under Captain George Elphinstone and HMS Leviathan under Captain Benjamin Hallowell to evacuate the allied troops from the waterfront. They were joined by HMS Courageux under Captain William Waldegrave, which had been undergoing repairs in the Arsenal to replace a damaged rudder. Despite this handicap, Courageux was able to participate in the evacuation and warp out of the harbour with the replacement rudder following behind, suspended between two ship's boats. The fireship HMS Conflagration, also undergoing repairs, was unable to sail and was destroyed during the evacuation. By the morning of 19 December Elphinstone's squadron had retrieved all of the Allied soldiers from the city without losing a single man.

In addition to the soldiery, the British squadron and their boats took on board thousands of French Royalist refugees, who had flocked to the waterfront when it became clear that the city would fall to the Republicans. Robust, the last to leave, carried more than 3,000 civilians from the harbour and another 4,000 were recorded on board Princess Royal out in the roads. In total the British fleet rescued 14,877 Toulonnais from the city; witnesses on board the retreating ships reported scenes of panic on the waterfront as stampeding civilians were crushed or drowned in their haste to escape the advancing Republican soldiers, who fired indiscriminately into the fleeing populace.

Suppression
The troops of the Convention entered the city on the 19 December. The subsequent suppression of Royalists, directed by Paul Barras and Stanislas Fréron, was extremely bloody. It is estimated that between 700 and 800 prisoners were shot or slain by bayonet on Toulon's Champ de Mars. Bonaparte, treated for his injuries by Jean François Hernandez, was not present at the massacre. Promoted to brigade general on 22 December, he was already on his way to his new post in Nice as the artillery commander for the Army of Italy. A gate, which comprises part of the old walls of the city of Toulon, evokes his departure; a commemorative plaque has been affixed there. This gate is called the Porte d'Italie. As a punishment, the Convention changed the name of the city to Port-la-Montagne, after The Mountain faction.

Order of battle
Below is the full order of battle of forces involved. Because no centralised command existed for the allies, they are simply designated as the 'Allied Army', however this was neither a field formation, nor a coherent force. The order of battle below is shown for the last part of the siege (from September).

Notes and citations
Notes  Citations

title: Siege of Toulon (1793)


text:
CCP Games

CCP hf., doing business as CCP Games (short for Crowd Control Productions), is an Icelandic video game developer based in Reykjavík. Novator Partners and General Catalyst had previously collectively owned a majority stake in the company, and in September 2018, CCP was acquired by South Korean video game publisher Pearl Abyss for $425 million. CCP Games is best known for developing Eve Online, which was released in 2003 and has since been maintained.

History
CCP Games was founded in June 1997 by Reynir Harðarson, Þórólfur Beck Kristjónsson and Ívar Kristjánsson for the purpose of making MMORPGs. Harðarson was working at a metaverse company called OZ Interactive who had developed an engine for distributed 3d simulations over the internet, but not for gaming. Wanting to use the technology to build MMOs, Harðarson left OZ, to found CCP with Beck and Kristjánsson, bringing over key people, including CEO Hilmar Veigar Pétursson and creative director Torfi Frans Ólafsson.

The name "CCP" is short for "Crowd Control Productions". To finance the initial development of Eve Online, CCP Games developed and published a board game, called Hættuspil ("Danger Game"). The game sold more than 10,000 copies to Iceland's 80,000 households. While seeking funds for development, CCP assisted in developing pitch materials for the Icelandic children's show LazyTown. In April 2000 the company, with Sigurður Arnljótsson as CEO, raised $2.6 million, through a closed offering organised by Kaupthing Bank, from private investors in Iceland, including the Icelandic telephone company Síminn. He was with the company from 1999 to 2002 during which time the company raised two rounds of financing and secured a contract with publisher Simon & Schuster. Approximately half of the initial 21 employees came from Icelandic dot-com company OZ Interactive.

White Wolf Publishing acquisition and CCP North America
On 11 November 2006, it was announced that CCP Games had entered a merger agreement with White Wolf Publishing. With the merge, the combined company planned to produce "the industry's most innovative games leveraging both online and offline systems". While CCP Games looked into creating online games based on White Wolf Publishing's properties, White Wolf Publishing would in turn create card games based on Eve Online. On 3 October 2007, CCP Games announced that CCP North America, a new video game-focused subsidiary, would be set up within White Wolf Publishing's Stone Mountain, Georgia, location on 12 October, hiring 100 developers. White Wolf Publishing president Mike Tinney was additionally promoted head of CCP North America. In February 2011, CCP Games announced that intentions to expand the location from their presently 150 positions to 300, and move the studio to new housing in Decatur, Georgia. However, when CCP Games let go 20% of their worldwide staff, most of these layoffs occurred at CCP North America. On 27 February 2012, Tinney stated that he had departed from both operations to focus on his new gaming-and-health startup, UtiliFIT. In December 2013, further 15 people from the World of Darkness Online development team were let go. White Wolf Publishing was acquired by Paradox Interactive on 29 October 2015. The deal comprised an undisclosed all-cash sum for CCP Games, and the company assets of White Wolf Publishing, their intellectual property and the rights to World of Darkness Online for Paradox Interactive.

Restructuring (2011–2017)
In October 2011, following a large controversy over its introduction of microtransactions to the game EVE Online, CCP Games announced that it would be reducing its staff. CCP Games released an announcement to its community admitting that they had made a mistake by releasing the Incarna expansion in its current development stage. In the wake of the Incarna expansion and following a mass protest by EVE Online players, CCP Games announced that it had decided to prioritise and shift their focus from their World of Darkness MMO back to their EVE-Universe products, EVE Online and Dust 514. The restructuring resulted in the layoffs of 20% of CCP Games' staff worldwide. The majority of these layoffs affected the Atlanta, United States, office, but also affected were several positions in CCP headquarters in Reykjavík, Iceland. Even though after considerable downsizing, CCP Games claims that EVE Online and its development is stronger than ever and that the company will continue to grow. CCP Games confirmed that they had moved away from the Incarna/Ambulation project to focus on the core game mechanics and that Incarna may be revisited further down the line.

On 28 August 2014, CCP Games shut down its San Francisco studio to refocus their efforts on EVE Online. At the same time, CFO Joe Gallo and CMO David Reid resigned. As of 2015, none of CCP Games' original founders were still with the company.

On 30 October 2017, CCP Games announced it would shutter its Atlanta studio, and sell off its Newcastle studio, affecting approximately 100 employees. It announced that it would shift its focus from VR development to PC and mobile game development. The Newcastle studio was absorbed by Sumo Digital.

Acquisition by Pearl Abyss (2018–present)
Pearl Abyss, the South Korean publisher of Black Desert Online, announced on 6 September 2018 that they had agreed to acquire CCP Games for about US$425 million. CCP's development studios in Reykjavík, London, and Shanghai would continue under CCP Games, while the publishing and marketing functions of CCP would be integrated with Pearl Abyss. The deal was closed on 12 October. At the time, CCP Games had 250 employees across three development studios.

EVE Online
EVE Online is CCP Games' first video game, originally published by Simon & Schuster in May 2003. CCP Games later reacquired the rights to publish EVE Online and continues to manage it to this day. EVE Online's core gameplay revolves around player decisions around mining, exploration, industry, factional warfare and piracy. A major design choice is the freedom to do what would be illegal activities, such as scamming for in-game items.

Dust 514
On 18 August 2009, Hilmar Veigar Pétursson announced Dust 514, a new ground-based first-person shooter (FPS) with real-time strategy elements being developed by CCP Games' Shanghai office. Dust 514 was released for the PlayStation 3 on 14 May 2013. It featured a core first-person shooter experience, with a high level of customisation. The game was shut down by CCP Games on 30 May 2016.

Eve: Valkyrie
Eve: Valkyrie was a first-person space combat simulator set in the EVE Online universe for the Oculus Rift on 28 March 2016 and on PlayStation VR on 13 October 2016. It was made available for the HTC Vive on 17 November 2016. In the game, players took the role of an immortal fighter pilot, fighting with teams of other pilots to capture objectives and to defeat the opposing team. An update on 26 September 2017 allowed the game to be played without VR. As of August 5, 2022, CCP officially turned off all servers for the game, making the game unplayable.

Gunjack
Gunjack is a virtual-reality arcade shooter released for the Samsung Gear VR on 20 November 2015, the Oculus Rift on 28 March 2016, and the HTC Vive on 5 April 2016. A PlayStation VR version is planned for release in 2016. Players take the role of a turret operator defending a mining operation, set in the EVE Online universe. It gathered positive critical reviews on release.

Gunjack 2: End of Shift
Gunjack 2: End of Shift is a virtual-reality arcade shooter released for Google Daydream on 8 December 2016. Players take the role of a turret operator defending a mining operation, set in the EVE Online universe.

Sparc
Sparc was a virtual reality sports game and was CCP Games' first non-Eve title. The game was announced on 27 February 2016.

World of Darkness Online
In October 2006, CCP Games chief marketing officer, Magnús Bergsson, stated that Eve would not be the only game to come out of CCP Games. On 11 November 2006 CCP Games and White Wolf Publishing jointly announced that CCP Games would be working on a World of Darkness Online. CCP Games planned to focus on the development of this game from March 2009 onward. It was scheduled to launch in 2012 at the earliest, but due to problems in EVE Online, several layoffs in 2011 and the planned release of the PlayStation 3 FPS game Dust 514 in the summer of 2013, the launch of the game was delayed indefinitely. On 14 April 2014, CCP Games announced that the game had been cancelled.

Project Legion
Project Legion was set to be a first-person shooter for similar to Dust 514. The project was cancelled in 2015 and was replaced with Project Nova.

Eve: The Second Genesis
Eve: The Second Genesis is a collectible card game set in the universe created for the online game EVE Online. Each player represents a CEO of a corporation, aligned with a particular race, and through exploration, mining, and military strength, their goal is to defeat opponent CEOs.

Project Nova
Project Nova was a class-based first-person shooter (FPS) for the PC taking place in the EVE Online universe and was developed by CCP Games Shanghai. Project Nova was created on Unreal Engine 4, and CCP Games intended to focus on the competitive FPS market, as well as focus more on small-scale ship-based combat and less on large-scale planet-based combat, which was the focus of Dust 514. While Project Nova was cancelled, The CCP London Studio has since started development an unnamed first-person shooter.

Vanguard
Vanguard is an in-development first-person shooter (FPS) taking place in the EVE Online universe.

title: CCP Games


text:
William Bullmore

William Lewis Bullmore (October 10, 1912 in Minnedosa, Manitoba – August 23, 1972) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1953 to 1958, initially as a Social Credit representative and later as an independent.

The son of Adrian Henry Bullmore and Annie Andrew, Bullmore was educated in Minnedosa, and worked as a manufacturer. He was the president of Dauphin Products Ltd. and also established the Bullmore Funeral Home. He married Arla Maynes, from Harrowby, Manitoba, on August 11, 1936 and they had two children, who were named James William Bullmore and Arla Anne Bullmore Porter. He served in Dauphin as a Councillor from 1944 to 1945, and was the town's mayor from 1946 to 1955. He was the first president of the Manitoba Urban League. Bullmore was also an active freemason, and was involved with several masonic organizations.

Bullmore's decision to run for the Social Credit Party was a surprise to many political observers, as he had been encouraged by some members of the Liberal Party to run federally under their banner. In his nomination speech, he acknowledged that some of his friends had warned him against running for Social Credit, suggesting it would be "political suicide".

He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1953 election, defeating Liberal-Progressive candidate John Potoski by 174 votes in the Dauphin constituency. Incumbent Progressive Conservative Ernest N. McGirr finished third.

Bullmore was one of only two Social Credit MLAs to serve in Manitoba's 1953-58 parliament. According to the Winnipeg Free Press, his early speeches in the legislature were focused on issues of monetary reform. He left the Social Credit Party in 1956 over contributions to the Social Credit Party from the Manitoba breweries. He did not seek re-election in the 1958 provincial election.

Bullmore moved to Winnipeg in 1958 and died there at the age of 59 following a lengthy illness.

title: William Bullmore


text:
Salm (state)

Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France.

Origins and first division
The County of Salm arose in the tenth century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium. It was ruled by a junior branch of the House of Luxembourg, called the House of Salm.

In 1165, it was divided into the counties of Lower Salm, in the Ardennes, situated in Belgium and Luxembourg, and the county of Upper Salm, situated in the Vosges mountains, present France.

Upper Salm
In 1246 the County of Upper Salm was split up, and the County of Salm-Blankenburg came into existence, next to it.

In 1431 the County of Upper Salm was split up again, and the County of Salm-Badenweiler came into existence, next to it.

The County of Upper Salm was inherited by the Wild- and Rhinegraves in 1475, who then called their fief the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Upper Salm.

In 1499 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm was divided up into two entities, the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Kyrburg and the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Dhaun.

Salm-Blankenburg
The county became extinct in 1506, and was inherited by the House of Lorraine.

Salm-Badenweiler
In 1520 the County of Salm-Badenweiler was split up, and the County of Salm-Neuburg came into existence, next to it. In 1653 the fief was inherited by the Austrian House of Sinzendorf, but the House of Salm kept using the title until 1784, when the last lord died.

The county was annexed by the House of Lorraine from 1600 until 1608, when it came back into the family. 1670 the territory was finally annexed by France.

Salm-Kyrburg
In 1607 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Kyrburg was divided in three by splitting off the Wild- and Rhinagraviate of Salm-Mörchingen and the Wild- and Rhinagraviate of Salm-Tronecken from the original Wild- and Rhinegraviate. In 1637 the lord of Salm-Tronecken died and his territories were joined with ... . In 1681 the last lord of Salm-Kyrburg died, and his territories were joined with Salm-Mörchingen.

In 1688 the last lord of Salm-Mörchingen died. His territories were joined with ... .

In 1743 a completely new territory of Salm-Kyrburg was created, this time the Principality of Salm-Kyrburg. It was shortly annexed by France in 1811 and mediatised in 1813. But the family kept using the titles.

Salm-Dhaun
In 1561 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Neuweiler and the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Grumbach were split off Salm-Dhaun.

In 1697 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Püttlingen was split off Salm-Dhaun.

In 1748 the Salm-Dhaun branch of the family became extinct, its territories went to the branch of Salm-Püttlingen.

Salm-Püttlingen
Salm-Püttlingen became extinct in 1750. Their territories went to ... .

Salm-Neuweiler
In 1610 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm was split off Salm-Neuweiler. It was elevated to the Principality of Salm in 1623.

In 1803, when the Bishopric of Münster was secularized, part of it was given to the princes of Salm-Salm who by then already were in possession of the Lordship of Anholt. This new Principality of Salm, covering the area around Borken, Ahaus and Bocholt, was a member of the Confederation of the Rhine. In 1810 it was annexed by France, as a part of the Imperial département of Lippe. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, it was mediatized to Prussia. The family branch exist until today.

In 1696 Salm-Neuweiler was divided in two, the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Leuze and the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Hoogstraten. Their lands were incorporated into Belgium. The branches became extinct in 1887 and 1186.

Salm-Grumbach
In 1668 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Rheingrafenstein-Grenzweiler was split off Salm-Grumbach. It was mediatised and incorporated into Prussia. The branch extinction occurred in 1819.

In 1803 Salm-Grumbach was annexed by France. The lords of Salm-Grumbach received the Principality of Salm-Horstmar as compensation in 1803. It was mediatised in 1813. The family branch sold its titles to Salm-Salm in 1892.

List of states

 * 1019–1165 : County of Salm (Lower and Upper Salm)
 * 1165–1416 : County of Lower Salm / 1416–1628 : County of Salm-Reifferscheid / 1628-1639 Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid
 * 1639–1803 : Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg
 * 1803–1804 : Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim
 * 1804–1806 : Principality of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim (mediatised to Prussia, branch became extinct in 1893)
 * 1734–1790 : County of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz
 * 1790–1811 : Principality of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz (mediatised to Austria, branch still extant)
 * 1734–1811 : County of Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach (mediatised to Prussia, branch became extinct in 1897)
 * 1639–1806 : Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (mediatised to Prussia, branch became extinct in 1888)
 * 1165–1475 : County of Upper Salm / 1475-1499 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Upper Salm (House of Salm-Dhaun and House of Salm-Kyrburg)
 * 1210–1500 : County of Salm-Blankenburg (House of Lorraine)
 * 1431–1670 : County of Salm-Badenweiler (House of Bourbon)
 * 1520–1784 : County of Salm-Neuburg (House of Sinzendorf)
 * 1499–1748 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Dhaun (House of Salm-Püttlingen)
 * 1697–1750 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Püttlingen (?)
 * 1561–1696 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Neuweiler (House of Salm-Leuze and House of Salm-Hoogstraten)
 * 1574-1738 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Salm
 * 1738–1810 : Principality of Salm-Salm (mediatised to Prussia)
 * 1696–1742 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Leuze
 * 1742–1743 : Principality of Salm-Leuze (House of Salm-Kyrburg)
 * 1696–1738 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Hoogstraten (later known as House of Salm-Salm)
 * 1561–1803 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Grumbach (mediatised to Prussia)
 * 1803–1813 : Principality of Salm-Horstmar (mediatised to Prussia, branch still extant)
 * 1668-????' Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Rheingrafenstein-Grenzweiler (branch became extinct in 1819)
 * 1499–1681 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Kyrburg (House of Salm-Mörchingen)
 * 1607-1637 : Wild and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Tronecken (branch became extinct in 1637)
 * 1607–1688 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate Salm-Mörchingen (branch became extinct in 1688)
 * 1743–1810 : Principality of Salm-Kyrburg (mediatised to Prussia)

The successors of the House of Salm: the Reiffersheidt family
The counts of Lower Salm became extinct in 1416, and the county was inherited by the House of Reifferscheid-Dyck. In 1628 the county was elevated to an altgraviate, and henceforth the fief was renamed the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid.

In 1639 the Altgraviate was divided up into the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg, to the Northwest of Cologne, and the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck, Neuss.

House of Reifferscheidt-Dyck (1416-1803; in Dyck, from 1639 in Bedburg, renamed Krautheim 1803–1806)
 * Otto (1416–1455)
 * John I (1455–1475)
 * John II (1475–1479)
 * Peter (1479–1505)
 * John III (1505–1537)
 * John IV (1537–1559)
 * Werner (1559–1629)
 * Ernst Frederick, (1629–1639) first altgrave
 * Ernest Salentin (1639–1684)
 * Francis Ernest (1684–1721)
 * August Eugene Bernard (1721–1767)
 * William (1767–1775)
 * Joseph Zu (1775–1806) in pretence until 1861

House of Reifferscheidt-Dyck (in Bedburg 1639–1803, renamed Krautheim 1803–1806)
 * Erik Adolf (1639–1673)
 * Francis William (1673–1734)
 * Charles Anthony (1734–1755)
 * Sigismund (1755–1798)
 * Francis William, reign (1798–1806) last altgrave (1803–1804), first prince (1804–1806) died 1831

Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz and Salm-Reifferscheidt-Hainsbach
In 1734 the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg was divided in three by splitting off the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz, from Bohemian descent, and the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach from the original altgraviate.

In 1803 the, smaller, Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg was renamed the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim. In 1804 it was raised to a principality, und existed until 1806, when it was mediatised.

House of Reifferscheid-Dyck (in Raitz 1734–1811)
 * Anthony (1734–1769)
 * Charles Joseph, last altgrave (1769–1790), first prince (1790–1811)

House of Reifferscheidt-Dyck (in Hainsbach 1734–1811)
 * Leopold Anthony (1734–1769)
 * Francis Wenceslaus (1769–1811), died 1832

Post-mediatized princes of Salm-Kyrburg

 * Frederick IV, first mediatised prince (1813–1859)
 * Frederick V (1859–1887)
 * Frederick VI Louis (1887–1905)

Post-mediatized princes of Salm-Salm

 * Constantin Alexander, first mediatised prince (1813–1828)
 * Florentin (1828–1846)
 * Alfred I (1846–1886)
 * Nicolas Leopold II (1886–1908)
 * Alfred II (1908–1923)
 * Nicolas Leopold III (1923–1988)
 * Charles-Philip (1988–present)
 * Emanuel, heir (born 1961)

Post-mediatized princes of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck

 * Joseph Zu (1806-1861) in pretence
 * Alfred (1861–1888), title to branch of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim

Post-mediatized princes of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Krautheim

 * Francis William, 1806-1831
 * Constantin (1831–1856), title in pretence
 * Francis Charles (1856–1860)
 * Leopold (1860–1893)
 * Alfred (1893–1924)

Post-mediatized princes of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Hainsbach

 * Francis Wenceslaus (1811–1832), title in pretence
 * Francis Vincent (1832–1842)
 * John (1842–1847)
 * Francis Joseph (1847–1887)
 * Alois (1887–1897)

Post-mediatized princes of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz

 * Hugh I Francis (1811–1836), title in pretence
 * Hugh II Charles (1836–1888)
 * Hugh III (1888–1890)
 * Hugh IV (1890–1903)
 * Hugh V Leopold (1903–1946)
 * Hugh VI
 * Hugh VII (born 1973)

title: Salm (state)


text:
2000 Wimbledon Championships

The 2000 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London in the United Kingdom. It was the 114th edition of the Wimbledon Championships and was held from 26 June to 9 July 2000. It was the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

Pete Sampras won his fourth consecutive Wimbledon title, defeating Pat Rafter in the final. It was also his last Wimbledon title. Lindsay Davenport was unsuccessful in her title defence, being defeated by Venus Williams in the women's final. It was the first of five Wimbledon titles for Venus Williams.

Millennium celebrations
In order to celebrate the millennium, the All England Club invited all surviving singles champions, any player that had appeared in two or more singles finals without winning the championship, and any player who had won four or more doubles titles, to a presentation ceremony on Centre Court on Saturday, July 1. Each honouree was presented with a crystal plate, engraved with their name, by the President of the Lawn Tennis Association, Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Gloucester. Those who attended were (in order of presentation): Singles champion Andre Agassi; Doubles champions: Ken McGregor, Bob Hewitt, Ken Fletcher, Tony Roche, Rosie Casals, Owen Davidson, Frew McMillan, Peter Fleming, Pam Shriver, Helena Suková, Natasha Zvereva, Gigi Fernández; Singles finalists: Henry "Bunny" Austin, Kurt Nielsen, Ken Rosewall, Darlene Hard, Fred Stolle, Hana Mandlíková, Goran Ivanišević; Singles champions: Sidney Wood, Pauline Betz, Bob Falkenburg, Ted Schroeder, John "Budge" Patty, Richard "Dick" Savitt, Frank Sedgman, Elias "Vic" Seixas, Jaroslav Drobný, Marion "Tony" Trabert, Shirley Fry Irvin, Ashley Cooper, Maria Bueno, Alejandro "Alex" Olmedo, Neale Fraser, Angela Mortimer, Rod Laver, Margaret Smith Court, Roy Emerson, Billie Jean King, Manuel Santana, John Newcombe, Ann Jones, Evonne Goolagong Cawley, Stan Smith, Jan Kodeš, Chris Evert, Björn Borg, Virginia Wade, Martina Navratilova, John McEnroe, Boris Becker, Patrick "Pat" Cash, Steffi Graf, Stefan Edberg, Michael Stich, Conchita Martínez, Jana Novotná and Lindsay Davenport. Andre Agassi was presented first in order to accommodate his match schedule. Other attendees were then presented with their commemoration later in the same day in the Royal Box: Doubles champions: Mark Woodforde, Todd Woodbridge; Singles finalist: Arantxa Sánchez Vicario; and Singles champions: Martina Hingis and Pete Sampras. Several post war champions were absent, but the only champions from the open era (post 1968) not to attend were Jimmy Connors and Richard Krajicek. Both Ilie Năstase and Ivan Lendl were also invited as two-time singles finalist, but did not attend. The inclusion of singles finalists and the exclusion of doubles champions who had not won at least four titles was mildly controversial, with Frew McMillan bemoaning to BBC Radio that his two-time mixed doubles championship partner Betty Stöve had not been invited, despite the Dutch woman holding three Wimbledon doubles titles and having reached the singles final once; whereas Hana Mandlíková and Goran Ivanišević both attended, neither one of whom had ever won a Wimbledon title of any kind prior to Wimbledon 2000.

Prize money
The total prize money for 2000 championships was £8,056,480. The winner of the men's title earned £477,500 while the women's singles champion earned £430,000.

 * per team

Men's singles
🇺🇸 Pete Sampras defeated 🇦🇺 Patrick Rafter, 6–7(10-12), 7–6(7-5), 6–4, 6–2
 * It was Sampras's 2nd title of the year, and his 63rd overall. It was his 13th career Grand Slam title (a record until Roger Federer surpassed him in 2009), and his 7th (and last) Wimbledon title (a record, tied with William Renshaw, and subsequently surpassed by Federer in 2017)

Women's singles
🇺🇸 Venus Williams defeated 🇺🇸 Lindsay Davenport, 6–3, 7–6(7-3)
 * It was Williams's 1st title of the year, and her 10th overall. It was her 1st career Grand Slam title.

Men's doubles
🇦🇺 Todd Woodbridge / 🇦🇺 Mark Woodforde defeated Paul Haarhuis / 🇦🇺 Sandon Stolle, 6–3, 6–4, 6–1

Women's doubles
🇺🇸 Serena Williams / 🇺🇸 Venus Williams defeated 🇫🇷 Julie Halard-Decugis / 🇯🇵 Ai Sugiyama, 6–3, 6–2

Mixed doubles
🇺🇸 Donald Johnson / 🇺🇸 Kimberly Po defeated 🇦🇺 Lleyton Hewitt / 🇧🇪 Kim Clijsters, 6–4, 7–6(7-3)

Boys' singles
🇫🇷 Nicolas Mahut defeated Mario Ančić, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5

Girls' singles
🇦🇷 María Emilia Salerni defeated 🇺🇦 Tatiana Perebiynis, 6–4, 7–5

Boys' doubles
🇧🇪 Dominique Coene / 🇧🇪 Kristof Vliegen defeated 🇬🇧 Andrew Banks / 🇬🇧 Benjamin Riby, 6–3, 1–6, 6–3

Girls' doubles
Ioana Gașpar / 🇺🇦 Tatiana Perebiynis defeated 🇨🇿 Dája Bedáňová / 🇦🇷 María Emilia Salerni, 7–6(7-2), 6–3

Singles players

 * Men's singles

 * Women's singles

Men's singles

 * 1) 🇺🇸 Pete Sampras (champion)
 * 2) 🇺🇸 Andre Agassi (semifinals, lost to Pat Rafter)
 * 3) 🇸🇪 Magnus Norman (second round, lost to Olivier Rochus)
 * 4) 🇧🇷 Gustavo Kuerten (third round, lost to Alexander Popp)
 * 5) 🇷🇺 Yevgeny Kafelnikov (second round, lost to Thomas Johansson)
 * 6) 🇫🇷 Cédric Pioline (second round, lost to Vladimir Voltchkov)
 * 7) 🇦🇺 Lleyton Hewitt (first round, lost to Jan-Michael Gambill)
 * 8) 🇬🇧 Tim Henman (fourth round, lost to Mark Philippoussis)
 * 9) 🇸🇪 Thomas Enqvist (fourth round, lost to Jan-Michael Gambill)
 * 10) 🇦🇺 Mark Philippoussis (quarterfinals, lost to Andre Agassi)
 * 11)  Richard Krajicek (second round, lost to Wayne Ferreira)
 * 12) 🇦🇺 Patrick Rafter (final, lost to Pete Sampras)
 * 13) 🇩🇪 Nicolas Kiefer (first round, lost to Tommy Haas)
 * 14) 🇬🇧 Greg Rusedski (first round, lost to Vince Spadea)
 * 15) 🇷🇺 Marat Safin (second round, lost to Martin Damm)
 * 16) 🇪🇨 Nicolás Lapentti '(first round, lost to Ctislav Doseděl)''

Women's singles

 * 1)  Martina Hingis (quarterfinals, lost to Venus Williams)
 * 2) 🇺🇸 Lindsay Davenport (final, lost to Venus Williams)
 * 3) 🇫🇷 Mary Pierce (second round, lost to Magüi Serna)
 * 4) 🇪🇸 Conchita Martínez (second round, lost to Sonya Jeyaseelan)
 * 5) 🇺🇸 Venus Williams (champion)
 * 6) 🇺🇸 Monica Seles (quarterfinals, lost to Lindsay Davenport)
 * 7) 🇫🇷 Nathalie Tauziat (first round, lost to Kim Clijsters)
 * 8) 🇺🇸 Serena Williams (semifinals, lost to Venus Williams)
 * 9) 🇪🇸 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (fourth round, lost to Monica Seles)
 * 10) 🇫🇷 Sandrine Testud (first round, lost to Anna Kournikova)
 * 11) 🇩🇪 Anke Huber (fourth round, lost to Martina Hingis)
 * 12)  Amanda Coetzer (second round, lost to Lilia Osterloh)
 * 13) 🇫🇷 Amélie Mauresmo (first round, lost to Gala León García)
 * 14) 🇫🇷 Julie Halard-Decugis (first round, lost to Kristie Boogert)
 * 15) 🇦🇹 Barbara Schett (first round, lost to Olga Barabanschikova)
 * 16) 🇧🇪 Dominique Van Roost (first round, lost to Jennifer Capriati)

title: 2000 Wimbledon Championships


text: User talk:70.50.63.127

title: User talk:70.50.63.127


text:
Fanlight

A fanlight is a form of lunette window, often semicircular or semi-elliptical in shape, with glazing bars or tracery sets radiating out like an open fan. It is placed over another window or a doorway, and is sometimes hinged to a transom. The bars in the fixed glazed window spread out in the manner of a sunburst. It is also called a sunburst light.

title: Fanlight


text:
Gimme Fiction

Gimme Fiction is the fifth studio album by American indie rock band Spoon. It was released on May 10, 2005, through Merge Records in the US and Matador Records in Europe. It debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200. "I Turn My Camera On" was released as a single, and has become one of the band's biggest hits to date. A deluxe reissue of the album was released on December 11, 2015 to commemorate its 10th anniversary.

Background
Britt Daniel began working on songs for Spoon's follow-up album to Kill the Moonlight in early 2003 when he received a letter from David Klowden in which he offered to let Daniel use his beach house if he wanted to "go on another writing stint". Daniel drove to Ocean Beach in San Diego and started writing songs for the next album in a small house that overlooked the ocean. He stayed there for a number of weeks and recalls working a lot but not feeling happy with the output of his work there.

Before the title Gimme Fiction was decided on, the album was going to be named The Beast and Dragon, Adored after the opening track, but Daniel later decided that he did not like this title. Daniel decided he wanted to use the word "gimme" in the title of the album and thought that "Gimme Fiction" was a great title for the artwork. He also has stated that the album cover is his favorite to date.

The title of the opening track, "The Beast and Dragon, Adored", came from an art magazine which Daniel found at his grandmother's house that contained a tapestry called "The Apocalypse: The Beast and Dragon Are Adored".

Reception
Gimme Fiction received widespread critical acclaim upon release. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 84, based on 30 reviews which indicates "universal acclaim". Eric Carr of Pitchfork praised the album's musical diversity and cited "I Turn My Camera On" as one of the most "breathtaking" songs the band had ever produced. Zeth Lundy of PopMatters named the album the band's "crowning achievement", while Jesus Chigley of Drowned in Sound described it as "a nocturnal, introspective refinement of previous releases that still capitalises on Britt Daniel's classic pop song writing and sonic inventiveness."

In a 2005 back page column for the magazine Entertainment Weekly, author Stephen King named "I Summon You" as his favorite song of the year.

Legacy
In 2009, Rhapsody ranked the album at number 19 on its list of the 100 best albums of the decade. As of December 2009, Gimme Fiction has sold approximately 215,000 copies, according to Nielsen Soundscan. In his oral history of the album titled Gimme Facts, writer Sean O'Neal named the album "a historic forward leap" for the band.

On November 3, 2015, it was announced that a deluxe edition of Gimme Fiction would be released on December 11, 2015 to commemorate the album's 10th anniversary. Joe Goggins of Drowned in Sound, reviewing the re-issue, wrote: "If ever there was a fork in the road for the group, this album was probably it; knowing, as we do with the benefit of hindsight, that they picked the right route, Gimme Fiction sounds even more invigorating on reflection." Barry Walters of Rolling Stone called it a "transitional album that presaged 2007's pop breakthrough Ga Ga Ga Ga Ga." GQ critic Miles Raymer dubbed Gimme Fiction "the most important rock record of the last decade".

In pop culture

 * "I Turn My Camera On" was used on the Bones episode "The Man in the S.U.V". It was also used in The Simpsons episode "Any Given Sundance", the Veronica Mars episode "Cheatty Cheatty Bang Bang", and in the season 1 episode "Nevermind" of Friday Night Lights.
 * "The Infinite Pet" was used in the 2009 film 500 Days of Summer, although it was left out from the movie's soundtrack.

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes for Gimme Fiction.

 * Spoon
 * Britt Daniel – vocals, guitar (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11), bass (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10), piano (1, 2, 7, 8, 11), keyboards (3, 10), Rhodes (1, 8), sound effects (3, 6, 9), memory man (4), tambourine (7), kalimba (8), organ (8), flute patch (9), sleigh bells (9), Wurlitzer (9), slaps (11), Moog (11), shaker (11)
 * Jim Eno – drums (1–9, 11), high hat (10)
 * Eric Harvey – piano (4)
 * Josh Zarbo – bass guitar (4)

 * Additional musicians
 * Mike McCarthy – snaps (3), string swoops (4), programming (10), flams (10), xylophone (10)
 * Ames Asbell – viola (2, 11)
 * Sara Nelson – cello (2, 11)
 * John Painter – trumpet (4), trombone (4), saxophone (4)
 * Eddie Robert – "creepy bass" (9)
 * John Vanderslice – rings (9), feedbacks (9)
 * Scott Solter – delay drum (9)
 * Eric Bachmann – backing vocals (3)

 * Production
 * Britt Daniel – production
 * Jim Eno – production, engineering
 * Mike McCarthy – production, engineering
 * Greg Calbi – mastering
 * Sean McCabe – artwork

title: Gimme Fiction


text:
Whitney umbrella

In geometry, the Whitney umbrella or Whitney's umbrella, named after American mathematician Hassler Whitney, and sometimes called a Cayley umbrella, is a specific self-intersecting ruled surface placed in three dimensions. It is the union of all straight lines that pass through points of a fixed parabola and are perpendicular to a fixed straight line which is parallel to the axis of the parabola and lies on its perpendicular bisecting plane.

Formulas
Whitney's umbrella can be given by the parametric equations in Cartesian coordinates

\left\{\begin{align} x(u, v) &= uv, \\ y(u, v) &= u, \\ z(u, v) &= v^2, \end{align}\right. $$ where the parameters u and v range over the real numbers. It is also given by the implicit equation
 * $$x^2 - y^2 z = 0.$$

This formula also includes the negative z axis (which is called the handle of the umbrella).

Properties

Whitney's umbrella is a ruled surface and a right conoid. It is important in the field of singularity theory, as a simple local model of a pinch point singularity. The pinch point and the fold singularity are the only stable local singularities of maps from R2 to R3.

It is named after the American mathematician Hassler Whitney.

In string theory, a Whitney brane is a D7-brane wrapping a variety whose singularities are locally modeled by the Whitney umbrella. Whitney branes appear naturally when taking Sen's weak coupling limit of F-theory.

title: Whitney umbrella


text:
Talk:Road bicycle racing

Riding "à bloc" means blocking?
Currently, riding 'à bloc' is defined the same as blocking. But every time I've seen the phrase riding à bloc that I can recall, I think I've interpreted it to mean something like "in the red", rather than "blocking". Here's an example where Alexander Vinokourov describes how he won the final stage in the 2005 Tour de France:

 * "That was victory made of courage and guts - I really gave it all in the last kilometres, although I didn't think it was possible until I crossed the line. I just went 'à bloc' - it's unbelievable, magnificent! I have no words for it..."

Does anyone who thinks that riding 'à bloc'  means blocking have an example of this usage? --Serge 23:21, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Googling "riding a bloc" confirms my interpretation of the phrase, so I'm going to change it accordingly. --Serge 01:18, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Serge, to "ride a bloc" means to "ride all out". Julius.kusuma 01:35, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Right. That's what the googling confirmed and why I changed it.  Before my change, à bloc was defined as a synonym for blocking. --Serge 16:57, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Reformatting of terminology
I'm really not keen on the new formatting of the terminology list. I don't think it's appropriate to use sections - each entry on the list is not a section, it uses vastly more screen space to display, the TOC is now overly long and it's not consistent with the wikipedia style. I could perhaps just about understand it for the list of rider types, but IMHO it's completely inappropriate for the "other terminology" section.

What was wrong with a straightforward "Wikipedia list" (I don't know the official title for it)?

Does anyone else have an opinion on this?

(M4rk 11:50, 28 July 2005 (UTC))

 * The list of terminologies is a great addition to the page, but I agree that using sub-sections for each one of the term makes the TOC bulky. Julius.kusuma 13:38, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

I should have left a note here. The main advantage is now you can reference any term in this list from any other page with a link that will take you directly to it, like this:
 * Ullrich was dropped by Armstrong on the climb.

I think that's a very nice feature, and could end up being very useful.

The TOC is long, but it does give you an overview of all the terms, which is nice for browsing.

I would also like to see longer and more descriptive explanations of the terms, perhaps all with examples. In other words, instead of providing just brief quick reference definitions to these terms, provide in-depth explanations. I think doing that would make each term more like a separate section.

Finally, I think all the terms should be defined alphabetically in one section (with each term being a subsection), instead of dividing out types of races, type of riders, and then "other". I mean, we could still have those sections, make them shorter (listing the types of races and riders, with each one being a link to the full description).

Anyway, I won't put up a stink if someone reverts, but I think it's worth a little more consideration before that happens. --Serge 01:12, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Serge, it is a cool feature. So how about a compromise:  a separate page for Cycle racing terminologies?  Julius.kusuma 02:29, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I like that. What about taking a step further, and having it be more general, like "cycling terms", so it's not restricted to terms used only in racing? --Serge 17:06, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Sure, but I would say be a little careful with setting the scope here. Worse comes worse, we'll end up making a sub-title for racing and other cycling-related terms.  Thanks.  Julius.kusuma 17:35, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the explanation. Moving the terminology to a seperate page gets my vote, and I'd also like to see some padding out of the terms (I'll help here). (M4rk 22:35, 29 July 2005 (UTC))

 * Well, I went ahead and created Bicycling terminology on the grounds that having both cycle racing terminology and bicycling terminology would create too much redundancy. I also changed the race and rider types to be links into this new list.  Have at it.  --Serge 06:33, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Getting into racing?
Should we document the basics - and maybe the advanced - knowledge about participating in bicycle racing? I was tempted add topics like: Finding a club, Mechanics/Equipment, Sports Nutrition, Body Wegth, Training regimes (HR, Power, Cadence, etc). Is this the article where this ype of kowledge should live? --Richard@lbrc.org 12:56, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think that most of the topics you mention are fine, but should be written in an encyclopedic style, and perhaps in their own separate pages. The mechanics part is already being worked on by many people, such as bicycle, bicycle gearing, bicycle frame, etc.  However, something like finding a club is hard to present in an encyclopedic manner, since it's highly subjective (see WP:NPOV).  Wikipedia is not a how-to, but rather an encyclopedia that should be accessible to people of varying levels of familiarity with the subject.  So please contribute!  Browse around the now-large number of articles related to the subject and be bold!  Julius.kusuma 14:09, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

New wiki
Hello :) I was just reading "How to start a Wiki" in Wikibooks and it said that, once created, it would be a good thing to find members willing to help. I've started http://www.uciprotour-cycling.net. In Wikibooks, it says that I should put the link on a corresponding article on a place like Wikipedia, but I don't want to give the impression of spamming so I've put it in the discussion page. Feel welcome to have a look at it, and you can register. Thanks!

 * Not to be rude, but why not just contribute here? There's already a good set of good articles, and more importantly a set of contributors.  I don't see what your website does that is not better done here.  Maybe I'm missing something.  Julius.kusuma 18:42, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is bigger and does not focus on cycling alone, let alone on road bicycle racing. Many cycling articles are stubs and only a few races such as the Tour de France and the other Grand Tours get an article for each edition. There are no standings, say, for stage six of the Tour de Suisse 2005 (not even for the Tour de Suisse 2005, in fact), while my site goes more in-depth because it focuses exclusively on that. Anyway, thanks for your opinion.

 * I also believe it would be much more useful to contribute here, rather than dividing efforts. I don't believe anyone would complain about articles describing the yearly editions of Tour de Suisse for example.--Per Abrahamsen 20:37, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll register an account and import some pages from my wiki to Wikipedia then.

 * Note that there's already a lot of stuff on the different editions of the Tour de France, for example the 2005 Tour de France, and even stage-by-stage results. It would be great if you can add some stuff related to the Tour de Suisse, for example.
 * It looks to me that you already have a lot of material that can benefit from actually being on wikipedia so that it can cross-ref articles that already exist here, and vice-versa. Looking forward to your contributions!  Julius.kusuma 00:00, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I've already contributed a big part of the material, when I have time I'll end it all. BTW, I've already seen there are articles on the 2005 Tour de France and the 2005 Giro d'Italia, so I won't change those except for the UCI ProTour2005 Template. --Danilot 19:05, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * For starters, how about signing your posts with four tildes. Thanks! Cheers, ask123 20:37, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Eventual additions
Surprisingly in this article there are no sections yet, contending names of the most famous practitioners of this sport, resp. the constant plague of this sport, which doping certainly seems to be. VKing (talk) 14:03, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

Edit types of riders
From the types of riders section of the main article I removed the section that referenced USA Cycling categories. I didn't think it was appropriate to the rest of the article. If such a section is added it should reference the international categories recognized by the UCI and not those of any particular national federation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.68.17.244 (talk) 18:07, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Who is Moore?
Someone called Moore is mentioned twice but not really identified: the first mention says " [the first Paris-Rouen] was also won by Moore" as though he had already been mentioned. Was the relevant information edited out? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.21.212.248 (talk) 21:26, 6 June 2014 (UTC)

Section 'crosswinds'
Near the end of this section, the article reads "if the peloton should split, anything can happen, including [fuel-coolant interactions] or [transitional demand]", these last two terms linking, respectively, to steam explosion and transitional demand (an article on Marxist theory). Is this cycling/racing-specific terminology, or a mistake of some kind? The links should be fixed or removed and the meaning of these phrases clarified; or the sentence should be removed altogether.186.137.185.127 (talk) 08:11, 9 March 2015 (UTC)
 * I removed material not supported by refs and added refs for what was left. User:HopsonRoad 17:15, 20 April 2017 (UTC)

Parcours?
This technical term in French seems to be used without explanation. Right now, Parcours redirects to Parkour (street gymnastics). I think it means a particular set of roads being used for this race on this day, but it would be good to see it defined more formally with a citation. Could someone oblige, please? --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 12:49, 10 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't understand why you bring up "parcours" in this discussion,, since the term is not yet in the this article, nor does a search of Google connect the word with cycling. I agree that the term, as used in the Velonews article, is ill-explained, but that seems to be a fault of that article, not an issue for discussion for this Wikipedia article. Cheers, HopsonRoad (talk) 13:58, 10 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Because I saw the term in this Cycling News article, wondered what it meant, found it unknown to Wikipedia, did a google search and found other mentions (such as above, I'm surprised you didn't find it? did you try parcours -parkour -site:parcours.cc? (incidentally, why would someone choose parcours.cc as a business name if it has nothing to do with cycling?). I don't expect an article about it of course but thought perhaps this article might list common terms that have special meanings in cycle racing, like Madison and Criterium, for example (which do have articles). --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 14:10, 10 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Whoops, I've just realised that my "This technical term in French seems to be used without explanation" could most obviously be assumed to mean "used in this article", which is not what I intended. I meant "used in the media". I hadn't come across it before today. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 14:21, 10 January 2021 (UTC)
 * And to add to my embarrassment, I've just found it at Glossary of cycling. My apologies for the time wasting. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 14:25, 10 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Not a waste of time. I learned something. Thanks! Cheers, HopsonRoad (talk) 17:49, 10 January 2021 (UTC)

Fantasy cycling within scope of the article?
I feel that this newly introduced topic is out of scope of the article. If it were the topic of a stand-alone article, it would be a "See also", here. What do others think? HopsonRoad (talk) 01:40, 29 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Update: I have deleted this section because it is about a game, not about the physical sport of road bicycle racing. An interested party could assess whether the game is a candidate for a stand-alone article. HopsonRoad (talk) 14:41, 20 March 2022 (UTC)

Unreferenced material on team tactics
Thank you, Robert Merkel for your added material, regarding team tactics. Unfortunately, you did not supply a corresponding reference. As you may know, Wikipedia is a compilation of paraphrased materials from reliable references. Your contribution is also quite elaborate, and hard to follow. WP:TONE suggests that "Encyclopedic writing has a fairly academic approach, while remaining clear and understandable". I thought that I'd make you aware of these concerns and give you a chance to address them, before I reverted your good-faith contribution. Cheers, HopsonRoad (talk) 13:48, 20 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Swapped in a real-life example with citation. Cycling tactics aren't easy to explain! Robert Merkel (talk) 01:22, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Road bicycle racing


text:
Talk:Pierre Pilote

Baseball coach?
Everyone is coached by *someone*, but even given the shaky premise that this is a notable fact (in a surprisingly scanty article about an all-time great like Pilote), the only "Frank J. Durante Sr." I could find on Google was a Connecticut fellow who died in 2002 and was twenty years younger than Pilote. "Frank Durante" + "baseball" turned up empty as well.  Ravenswing  04:29, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pierre Pilote


text:
Talk:Fill–feel and fell–fail mergers

I think that is actually useful information that you've removed, angr. So, I've reverted it and added quotation marks.

 * As I said at Talk:Horse-hoarse merger, it's a copyvio. Adding quotation marks doesn't change that, because it's way too much text to be quoted within the guidelines of fair use. (And you still didn't say where the quote was from!) But I've added a link to the original page so the interested reader can read it there. --Angr/undefined 04:51, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

There's not enough to say here to warrant a separate article. I'm merging it back to phonemic differentiation. --Angr/undefined 1 July 2005 20:50 (UTC)

Texas
Is it true the these mergers mainly describe Texas? 152.163.100.14 03:46, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fill–feel and fell–fail mergers


text: Category talk:Cycle racing

title: Category talk:Cycle racing


text: Talk:National Off-Road Bicycle Association