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Mongol Shuudan (band)

Mongol Shuudan (Монгол Шуудан, ) is a rock band formed in Moscow in 1988.

"Монгол Шуудан" means "Mongol Post" in the Mongolian language. This unusual choice is explained by the band vocalist Valeri Skoroded very simply: the band was standing at a bus stop by a booth and their eyes were caught by fancy postage stamps with the exotic words on them.

The group's music is mostly anti-governmental, pro-anarchist in its message, with the group identifying themselves with the Black Guards of the Russian Civil War.

Many of their songs are modernized versions of anarchist civil war songs. Some of their songs include "Commissar," "Chekist," "Freedom or Death," "Sabbath on the Bald Mountain", and so forth. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the group has continued to produce music, much of which is available on their website.

The band has performed over 100 shows and toured Europe, Israel, and all of the Russian Federation.

Members

 * Valeriy Skoroded (Валерий Скородед) – vocal, guitar, all texts
 * Eugeniy Put'makov aka Nicholas Crowen (Евгений Путьмаков) – bass
 * Sergey Kryuchkov (Сергей Крючков) – lead guitar
 * Aleksey Portnov (Алексей Портнов) – drums
 * Gleb Gorshkov (Глеб Горшков) – sound engineering

Among former members are:

Denis Serikov (Денис Сериков) — guitar in 1996—1998

Discography

 * 1989 "Паровоз анархия",
 * 1991 "Гуляй поле",
 * 1991 "Бандитский альбом",
 * 1992 "Черемуха",
 * 1993 "Собачья чушь ",
 * 1994 "Гомерический хохот",
 * 1995 "Чересчур",
 * 1996 "Истина",
 * 1997 "ALIVE",
 * 1999 "Абрикосы",
 * 2001 "Дюжинолетие",
 * 2001 "Скатертью дорога",
 * 2002 "Choisis de..",
 * 2002 "Свобода или смерть",
 * 2003 "Жертва",
 * 2004 "Заплати и свободен"
 * 2004 "Сплошь и рядом"
 * 2006 "Вечная мерзлота"
 * 2006 "Собственность—это кража"
 * 2011 "Естественный отбор"
 * 2018 "Инстинкт агрессивности".

title: Mongol Shuudan (band)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/North (band)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 23:42, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

North (band)
This band is, naturally, hard to search for, with no more information than this. artistdirect has a page for a band called North but no information about any releases, and this page also doesn't list any albums. allmusic says they performed in the 90s, not the 70s and 80s as the article says, and they also have no information about any albums. RickK 06:48, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Vorash 11:10, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Please explain your vote. If my discussion above doesn't convince you, what are you basing your vote on?  RickK 21:31, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Changing to Delete :) Vorash 22:41, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless verified. I tried to google some of the name in the paragraph which was removed to the talk page, but no luck. Kappa 11:43, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless someone manages to verify if it passes WP:MUSIC guidelines. Sarg 19:16, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No evidence of compliance with Wikimusic guidelines or other notability. Capitalistroadster 02:23, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Informational comments.
 * The text is a summary from a less sparse one, but to me no more helpful, that may be seen in the page history of North.
 * Some history, FWIW:
 * AFAIK the vanity or fancruft text i lk above was the first on the subject on WP.
 * I recently cleaned it with a harsh detergent & moved it from North to North (band) (subject of this VfD). (And created North (disambiguation), w/ a lk to it.)
 * 3 days later, someone created North band (note lack of paren) with the same or similar text (now in the merged history).
 * I turned North band into a redir as part of the merging it into North (band)'s history.
 * The nearly 2-year-old lk to North and later North (band), from Music of Poland may be a clue, or an indication of hard-to-verify notability, or irrelevant -- i created North (band) without knowing that i was satisfying a red-lk by doing so.
 * --Jerzy·t 17:45, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 07:38, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Leaders of Rehoboth

Political Affiliation
RFP - Rehoboth Freedom Party

title: Leaders of Rehoboth


text:
Portal talk:Ukraine/Featured picture

Candidates
Please place candidates below for future selected pictures:

Your subject here

Include a summary or the first paragraph of the subject's article here. Photo credit: Who took the photograph?

Include your reasons for nominating the image here. ~

Ruins of Skalat Castle
Skalat (Скалат, Polish: Skałat) is a small city in the Ternopil Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is located in the Pidvolochysk Raion (district), at around 49.43333°N, 25.98333°W.

Photo credit: plf16

Ruins of Skalat Castle in Ternopil Oblast. Aleksandr Grigoryev (talk) 04:47, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

Zbarazh Castle
Zbarazh (Ukrainian: Збараж, Polish: Zbaraż, Yiddish: Zbarj) is a city in the Ternopil Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Zbarazh Raion (district), and is located in the historic region of Galicia.

Photo credit: plf16

Zbarazh Castle of Wiesnowietsky in Ternopil Oblast. Aleksandr Grigoryev (talk) 04:35, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

Chortkiv
Chortkiv (Чортків, Czortków) is a city in the Ternopil oblast (province) in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Chortkiv Raion (district). Population: 29,057 (2001). Located on the Seret River, in the northern part of Galician Podilia and is situated in the historic region of Galicia. Photo credit: Temporary1900

Chortkiv's architecture in the western Ukraine. Aleksandr Grigoryev (talk) 04:24, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

Snake Island
Snake Island, also known as Serpent Island (Острів Зміїний, Ostriv Zmiinyi; Insula şerpilor), located in the Black Sea near the Danube Delta. The island is an Ukrainian island and is part of the Kiliya Raion (district) of Odessa Oblast, Ukraine. The territorial limits of the continental shelf around Snake Island were delineated by the International Court of Justice. Photo credit: Shao

A depiction of the Ukraine's major sea island. Aleksandr Grigoryev (talk) 22:06, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

The ghost-town in Ukraine

Chervonohorod (Червоногород, Czerwonogród) or "Red Town" is a former town in Zalischyky Raion, Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine, in the proximity of the modern village of Nyrkiv and the Dzhurin River, with its 16-meter-high waterfall, the highest in the country. It was chartered in 1434 and was the seat of a powiat in the Podole Voivodeship. During the 19th century Chervonohorod declined in importance. Photo credit: Petro Vlasenko

A site of a once flourishing city. Where are we heading with our history? Who knows? Aleksandr Grigoryev (talk) 05:13, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

The fog bell of Chersonesos

The bell of Chersonesos in Chersonesos Taurica, Crimea, Ukraine is the symbol of Chersonesos and one of the main sights of Sevastopol. Photo credit: Dmottl

Now, this is a featured picture on Wikimedia Commons and is considered one of the finest images. What is your opinions about it? Aleksandr Grigoryev (talk) 04:32, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Khotyn Fortress

The Khotyn Fortress (Хотинська фортеця, twierdza w Chocimiu, Hotin Kalesi, Cetatea Hotinului) is a fortification complex located on the shores of the Dniester River in Khotyn, Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. Construction on the current fortress was started in 1325, while major improvements were made in the 1380s and in the 1460s. Photo credit: Galileo01

Man, you do not need to go around the world to find a great castles. Our country is so reach on them. A good marketing can bring a fortune on a sale of those. Aleksandr Grigoryev (talk) 04:32, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Svirzh Castle

Svirz Castle (Свірзький замок, Svirz'kyi zamok) is a fortified aristocratic residence in Svirzh, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It was originally built by the Świrzski noble family in the 15th century. Inside the castle is a small church dating from 1546. Photo credit: Petro Vlasenko

Is that where they filmed the three musketeers? A very well composed photo. Good background scenery plays well together with the roofs of the castle. The rolling hill by the lake and covered ... (with no trash around to a big surprise :) Do I really need to go any farther? It seems like its very scenery takes you back to the times when it was built. Now, isn't that romantic? Aleksandr Grigoryev (talk) 04:32, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Palanok Castle

The Palanok Castle or Mukachevo Castle (Замок "Паланок", translit. Zamok "Palanok"; Munkács vára, Munkácsi vár) is a historic castle in the city of Mukachevo in the western Ukrainian oblast (province) of Zakarpattia. The Palanok Castle is delicately preserved,, and is located on a former 68 meter high volcanic hill. The castle complex consists of three parts: the high, middle, and low castle. Photo credit: alexjourba

Guess where it is. Isn't that like in those fairy tales or what? Aleksandr Grigoryev (talk) 04:09, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Swallow's Nest

Swallow's Nest is a mock-medieval castle near Yalta, in Crimea, Ukraine. It was built between 1911–1912 near Gaspra, on top of 40-meter (130 ft) high Aurora Cliff, to a Neo-Gothic design by the Russian architect Leonid Sherwood. The castle overlooks Ai–Todor cape of the Black Sea, accessible from the Atlantic Ocean, and is located near the remnants of the Roman castrum of Charax. Swallow's Nest is one of the most spectacular visitor attractions in Crimea. Photo credit: Dmytro S.

Great image of a famous attraction in Crimea. —dima/talk/ 17:34, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

Lviv Old Town

Lviv is a major city in western Ukraine, the administrative center of Lviv Oblast, and is designated as its own separate raion (district) within the oblast. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine. The city is home to many industries and institutions of higher education such as the Lviv University and the Lviv Polytechnic. It has a philharmonic orchestra and the Lviv Opera and Ballet Theater. The historic city centre is on the UNESCO World Heritage List and has many architectural wonders and treasures. Lviv celebrated its 750th anniversary in September of 2006. Photo credit: Lewa

Great panoramic view of the Lviv Old Town. —dima/talk/ 19:32, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Pochayiv Lavra

Pochayiv Lavra of the Assumption of the Theotokos has for centuries been the foremost spiritual and ideological centre of various Orthodox denominations in Western Ukraine. The monastery tops a 60-metre hill in the town of Pochayiv, Ternopil Oblast, 18 km southwest of Kremenets and 50 km north of Ternopil. Photo credit: Sergiy Klymenko

Definitely worth placing on the portal... excellent image including large view of the Pochayiv Lavra. —dima/talk/ 21:36, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Support strongly. Also note that the watermark is barely visible. Another plus. --Irpen 03:49, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Chernivtsi

Chernivtsi is a historic city in the Northern Bukovina region of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Chernivtsi Oblast (province), and is also designated as its own separate raion (district) within the oblast. Chernivtsi is a major point of railway and highway crossings in the region, and also has an airport. The city is considered to have an illustrious history as one of Romania's greatest cultural and educational centres. In May 1999, Romania opened its consulate general in the city. Photo credit: User:Davidley

I don't remember having any Bukovyna-region related pictures, and this one looks good. —dima/s-ko/ 01:51, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle

Kamianets-Podilskyi is a city located on the Smotrich River in western Ukraine. Formerly the administrative center of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Oblast, the city is now the administrative center of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion (district) within the Khmelnytsky Oblast (province), after the administrative center of the oblast was moved from the city of Kamianets-Podilskyi to the city of Khmelnytskyi in the 1941. The city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast. Photo credit: Petro Vlasenko

The castle is a major historic as well as tourist attraction in Western Ukraine. Other images of the castle are also available for selection. —dima/s-ko/ 03:43, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Potemkin Stairs

The Potemkin Stairs is a giant stairway in Odessa, Ukraine. The stairs are considered a formal entrance into the city from the direction of the sea and are the best known symbol of Odessa. The stairs were originally known as the Boulevard steps, the Giant Staircase, or the Richelieu steps. The top step is 12.5 meters (41 feet) wide, and the lowest step is 21.7 meters (70.8 feet) wide. The staircase is 27 meters high, and extends for 142 meters, but it gives the illusion of greater length. The stairs were so well designed that they create an optical illusion. A person looking down the stairs sees only the landings, and the steps are invisible, but a person looking up sees only steps, and the landings are invisible. Photo credit: Dezidor

No pictures of Odessa yet, so this is a great one to begin with. —dima/s-ko/ 04:07, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Streets of Mukacheve

The Mukacheve is a city located in the valley of the Latorytsia River in Zakarpattia Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. Today, the city is a rail terminus on a railway line and highway junction. The majority of the city's population consists of Ukrainian and Rusyns with a significant minority of Hungarians and Jews. Photo credit: Alex Zelenko

Good picture (IMO) of the old part of town, of course there are more that we can choose from here: Commons:Category:Mukacheve —dima/s-ko/ 03:54, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Nice, I may have some as well, if so I'll post them up.--Riurik (discuss) 05:47, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Rotation
Please place links to other featured image candidates here, so that we san start rotating the image at the frontpage. Irpen 06:50, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

Riurik, thanks for remembering to rotate the pic. The current pic you chose is good IMO. Please always remember to take into account not only how interesting the image is but also the quality of the photographic work. However interesting, I don't think we need poor quality images at the fron page. This image I think is excellent in both content and quality. --Irpen 05:51, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Agree, it's the two rabbits guideline: content and quality.  Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of those photographs (excluding those of the capital and Odessa).--Riurik (discuss) 05:32, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I see the name for an image Snake Island on this talk page, but no image. What is the reason?
 * My interest is the caption, "A depiction of the Ukraine's major sea island." It should read, "A depiction of Ukraine's major sea island." according to Name of Ukraine.  I have found image files sometimes sensitive to attempted changes, so that the file no longer displays once a change of caption is attempted.  Can the caption for this image be changed? --Fartherred (talk) 20:22, 1 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I found the image file as [[File:Zmeinyi-sea.JPG]] . I think it should display here.  [[File:Zmeinyi-sea.JPG]]  --Fartherred (talk) 20:37, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Ukraine/Featured picture


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Ancient Greek clubs

Ancient Greek clubs (ἑταιρείαι, hetaireiai) were associations of ancient Greeks who were united by a common interest or goal.

Types
The earliest reference of clubs in ancient Greece appears in the law of Solon, which is quoted in the Digest of Justinian I (47.22). This law guaranteed the administrative independence of such associations if they kept within the bounds of the law.

The Digest mentions these associations for religious practices, burial, trade, privateering, and communal meals. It also mentions demes, small settlements akin to villages or boroughs, citizen groups based on subdivisions of land, and phratries, kinship groups. Other than this law, information about the clubs have been found primarily on inscriptions, including those related to burial practices and common meals.

Political
During the time span of 448 and 431 BC, that is between the end of Persian Wars and the start of the Peloponnesian War, there were political clubs called hetairiai, within both the oligarchic and democratic parties. Supposed members included: Themistocles, a leader in the Athenian democracy, (Plut. Anistides, 2); Pericles, a statesman, orator, and general of Athens, (Plut. Per. 7 and 13); Cimon, an Athenian statesman and general, who had a hundred club members, hetairoi, following him (Plut. Cim. 17). The purpose of these associations was to secure favourable results at elections and in the courts (Thuc. viii. 54). At this time their actions were not regarded as harmful or illegal by ancient Greek society.

The bitterness of party struggles in Greece during the Peloponnesian War meant that in many states they became a threat to local constitutions, and to democratic institutions. Aristotle mentions (Politics, p. 1310 a) a secret oath taken by the members of oligarchic clubs, containing the promise, "I will be an enemy to the people, and will devise all the harm I can against them." At Athens, the Athenian coup of 411 BC, a conspiracy against their democracy was engineered, in part, by these clubs, which existed there and in the other cities of the Delian League (Thuc. viii. 48 and 54). This is an example of how some of these political clubs had become secret conspiracies working outside the constitution.

Religious
Ancient Greek religious clubs focused on the worship of a particular deity and had several names including thiasoi, eranoi and orgeones,. The thiasoi and orgeones clubs were often connected with deities foreign to the area and whose rites were of an orgiastic nature. These were deities that were not formally recognised and guaranteed by the state which meant no state provision was made for their worship.

Private individuals or groups had to provide priests, temples, sacrifices for non-state deities and this was the purpose of many of the religious clubs. The state, as the law of Solon shows, had no problem with the introduction of worship of foreign deities provided, it did not infringe the law and was not morally unwholesome. These religious clubs had all the rights of legal corporations.

There were clubs supporting the cults of foreign deities such as Sabazius, Mater Magna (see Great mother of the gods) and Attis, Adonis, Isis, Serapis, Men Tyrannos. These were especially prevalent in seaports like the Peiraeus, Rhodes, Smyrna. A passage in Demosthenes (de Corona, sect. 259 foll.) shows that the initiation at an early age in the rites of Sabazius did not gain credit for Aeschines in the eyes of the "best men". The members of these religious clubs included women, freedmen, foreigners and slaves but rarely people who held citizenship by birth. An inscription found by Sir Charles Thomas Newton at Cnidus contains a mutilated list of members of a thiasos includes apparently only one Cnidian citizen out of twelve, four slaves, and probably seven foreigners. This would suggest that it was the foreign population in the cities of Greece that tended to participate in this type of religious club.

Organisation
Much of the evidence for the organisation of religious clubs comes from inscriptions from Greece. The religious associations took on organizational forms in imitation of the constitution of the city in which they were based. The clubs had laws, an assembly and magistrates or officers (typically epimeletai, a tamias (treasurer) and a grammateus (secretary)), as well as priests or priestesses, and organised finances.

Rules regulated the conditions of admission, which involved an entrance fee and an examination as to character; the contributions, payable by the month, and the steps to be taken to enforce payment, e.g. exclusion in case of persistent neglect of this duty. Rules also governed the use to be made of the revenues, such as the building or maintenance of temple or club-house, and the cost of crowns or other honours voted by the assembly to its officers.

This assembly, in accordance with the law, elected its officers once a year, and these, like those of the state itself, took an oath on entering office, and gave an account of their stewardship at the end of the year. Le Guen examines epigraphic evidence for an organisation known as the 'Dionysian Technites'. Foucart discusses the 'orgeones' for the cult of the Mother of the Gods at the Peiraeus, and states that these clubs did not function in any sense as benefit clubs, or offer relief to the sick and needy.

Religious clubs increased in number and importance in the later periods of Greek history, and a large proportion of the inscriptions relating to them belong to the Macedonian and Roman empires. One of the most interesting, found in 1868, belongs to the 2nd century AD and reveals the worship of Men Tyrannos at Laurium (Foucart, pp. 119 foll.). This Phrygian deity was introduced into Attica by a Lycian slave, employed by a Roman in working the mines at Laurium. He founded the cult and the eranos which was to maintain it, and seems also to have drawn up the law regulating its ritual and government. This may indicate how similar religious clubs were organised earlier in the period.

title: Ancient Greek clubs


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User:Yenchin

獨自在山坡　高處未算高

命運在冷笑　暗示前無路

浮雲遊身邊　發出警告

我高視闊步

雖知此山頭　猛虎滿佈

膽小非英雄　絕不願停步

冷眼對血路　寂寞是命途

明月映山岡　倍覺孤高

拋開愛慕　飽遭煎熬　早知代價高

絲方吐盡　繭中天蠶　必須破籠牢

一生稱英雄　永不信命數

經的起波濤　更感自傲

抹去了眼淚　背上了憤怒

讓我攀險峰　再與天比高

About Me
Well most of my info is on the boxes. Enjoy :)

Martial Arts

 * Taichi, Cheng Man-ch'ing Style (鄭子太極 37 式)
 * Xingyi, Hebei Style

Currently due to my status, I've not been training with a master for awhile. I hope this situation ends soon.

Qi Gong
I learned Qi Gong from the late Master Zhuang in Taiwan. Master Zhuang is a very interesting person. His class is interesting because him and classmates talk about supernatural beings and powers in a chit-chat matter. As a newcomer in his class I was totally baffled. Though now I've also begun to have some accomplishments my own. Master Zhuang passed away recently. May the Buddhas bless his soul.

Music
Besides the piano. I can play a six hole ocarina. It's a fun instrument and I sometimes like to find out what song I could play on it.

Falun Gong
Falun Gong started out as a qigong practicing group lead by Li Hongzhi. Eventually they were banned by China and currently the followers of Li are still persecuted in the mainland.

What started my interested was the various claims used to support Li's teachings, made by the FLG apologists: such as David Copperfield having supernatural powers, and using light years as a time unit. In debates on Taiwanese usenet groups, an interesting situation was no matter how the debate went, FLG apologists would routinely accuse skeptics as "agents from China". Which then gathered my interest on the persecution of Falun Gong, specifically the Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident. My research results are not pretty. And although no original research is Wiki policy, I decided to point out balancing points.

Maybe, in the future, I'd write an article on the known pseudoscientific claims of FLG myself.

Noah's Flood in Ancient Chinese Writing
Link:The Flood in ancient Chinese writing Note:The article has been deleted thanks to quite a few Wikipedians. Good riddance, though I personally think it could have been a good supplement article showing how people make lies for their blind faith.

Although I put this article on my watchlist, I'm still figuring on how to make it clearer. The current version is quite good though.

Being a person with Chinese heritage, the first time I saw an article describing Noah's Ark as well as various Biblical myths "recorded" in Chinese characters it was a very offensive experience. Especially that it was written/translated by people who grew up writing traditional Chinese characters. I have no academic training in Chinese characters besides basic education, but the laughable claims are not hard to refute.

Confucius said: "Need the Heavens speak?" (天何言哉, Tian He Yen Zai). If the Heavens, which Christians often claim to be the Chinese usage of Yahweh, don't even speak, it is unlikely it would care to flood the Earth (Not to mention leave no trace behind). The myths created by a nation beyond the Western Regions has no right to replace established facts of Chinese culture.

UNDER CONSTRUCTION
zh:User:Yenchin

title: User:Yenchin


text:
User:Casius

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title: User:Casius


text:
Anna Maria Mozzoni

Anna Maria Mozzoni (5 May 1837 – 14 June 1920) is commonly held as the founder of the woman's movement in Italy. One of the roles she is most known for is her pivotal involvement in gaining woman's suffrage in Italy.

Biography
Mozzoni was born in Milan in 1837. Early in her career Mozzoni embraced the utopian socialism of Charles Fourier. She later defended the poor and championed women's equality, arguing that women needed to enter the workplace to develop the female personality outside of the "monarcato patriarcale" (patriarchal family).

In 1864 she wrote Woman and her social relationships on the occasion of the revision of the Italian Civil Code (La donna e i suoi rapporti sociali in occasione della revisione del codice italiano), a feminist critique of Italian family law. In 1877 Mozzoni presented a petition to parliament for woman suffrage. In 1878 Mozzoni represented Italy at the International Congress on Women's Rights in Paris.

In 1879 she published her translation from English into Italian of The Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill. In 1881 Mozzoni joined with other republicans, radicals, and socialists in a call for universal suffrage, including woman suffrage. In 1881 she also founded the League for the Promotion of the Interests of Women (Lega promotrice degli interessi femminili) in Milan to promote a variety of causes of interest to women.

Mozzoni died in Rome on 14 June 1920.

title: Anna Maria Mozzoni


text:
Associations in ancient Rome

In ancient Rome, the principle of private association was recognized very early by the state. Sodalitates for religious purposes are mentioned in the Twelve Tables, and collegia opificum, or trade guilds, were believed to have been instituted by Numa Pompilius, which probably means that they were regulated by the jus divinum as being associated with particular cults.

It can be difficult to distinguish between the two words collegium and sodalitas. Collegium is the wider of the two in meaning, and may be used for associations of all kinds, public and private, while sodalitas is more especially a union for the purpose of maintaining a cult. Both words indicate the permanence of the object undertaken by the association, while a societas is a temporary combination without strictly permanent duties.

Trade associations
The collegia opificum ascribed to Numa include guilds of weavers, fullers, dyers, shoemakers, doctors, teachers, painters, and other occupations, as listed by Ovid in the Fasti. Ovid says they were in origin associated with the cult of Minerva, the goddess of handiwork. Plutarch mentions flute-players, who were connected with the cult of Jupiter on the Capitol, as well as guilds of smiths, goldsmiths, tanners.

Though these guilds may not have had a religious purpose, like all early institutions they were associated with some religious cult, and in most cases the cult of Minerva. Almost all these collegia had their religious centre and business headquarters at her temple on the Aventine Hill. When a guild of poets was instituted during the Second Punic War, this too had its meeting-place in the same temple.

The purpose of the guild in each case was no doubt to protect and advance the interests of the trade, but little information for them exists until the age of Cicero, when they reappear in the form of political clubs (collegia sodalicia or compitalicia) chiefly with the object of securing the election of candidates for magistracies. The political collegia were suppressed by a senatus consultum in 64 BC, revived by Clodius six years later, and finally abolished by Julius Caesar, as dangerous to public order.

The principle of the trade guild reasserts itself under the Empire, and is found at work in Rome and in every municipal town. Though the right of permitting such associations belonged to the government, these trade guilds were recognized by the state as being instituted "ut necessariam operam publicis utilitatibus exhiberent" ("so that they might perform the necessary work of public 'utilities'," or useful public works).

Every kind of trade and business throughout the Empire seems to have had its collegium, as is shown by the inscriptions collected in the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum from any Roman municipal town. These inscriptions provide important evidence for the life and work of the lower orders of the municipales. The primary object was no doubt still to protect the trade, but as time went on they tended to become associations for feasting and enjoyment, and more and more to depend on the munificence of patrons elected with the object of eliciting it. How far they formed a basis or example for the guilds of the early Middle Ages is a difficult question (see Guild). Eventually, the trade associations supported the individual, lost as he was in the vast desert of the empire, some little society and enjoyment in life, and the certainty of funeral rites and a permanent memorial after death.

Religious associations
Associations formed for the maintenance of religious cults were usually called sodalitates, though the word collegium was also used for them, as in the case of the college of the Arval Brethren. Of the ancient Sodales Titii nothing is known until they were revived by Augustus; it may have been that when a gens or family charged with the maintenance of a particular cult had died out, its place was supplied by a sodalitas.

The introduction of new cults also led to the institution of new associations. In 495 BC when the worship of Minerva was introduced, a collegium mercatorum was founded to maintain it, which held its feast on the dies natalis (dedication day) of the temple. In 387 the ludi Capitolini were placed under the care of a similar association of dwellers on the Capitoline Hill. In 204 BC when the Magna Mater (Great Mother, or Cybele) was introduced from Pessinus, a sodalitas was instituted which, as Cicero notes, used to feast together during the ludi Megalenses.

All such associations were duly licensed by the state, which at all times was vigilant in forbidding the maintenance of any which it deemed dangerous for religious or political reasons. In 186 BC the senate, by a decree of which part is preserved., made all combination for promoting the Bacchic religious rites strictly illegal. Legal sodalitates are frequent later; the temple of Venus Genetrix, begun by Julius Caesar and finished by Augustus, had its collegium. Sodalilates were instituted for the cult of the deified emperors such as Augustus (see Sodales Augustales) and Claudius.

Burial associations
Securing a proper burial was one motive for a working class person to belong to a trade guild. In the year 133 under Hadrian, the formation of collegia specifically for this purpose was recognized by law, preserved at the head of the regulations of a collegium instituted for the worship of Diana and Antinous at Lanuvium. According to the Digest (47. 22), this was a general law allowing the founding of funerary associations, as long as the law against illicit collegia was complied with. The inscription of Lanuvium, together with many others, indicates that heir members were as a rule of the humblest classes of society, and often included slaves. Each member paid an entrance fee and a monthly subscription, and a funeral grant was made to his heir upon death in order to bury him in the burying-place of the college, or if they were too poor to construct one of their own, to secure burial in a public columbarium.

These colleges were organized along the same lines as the municipal towns of the empire. Their officers were elected, usually for a year, or in the case of honorary distinctions, for life. As in a municipal town, they held titles such as quinquennales, curatores, and praefecti. Quaestors superintended the finances of the association. Their place of meeting, if they were rich enough to have one, was called schola and was like a clubhouse. The site or the building was often given them by some rich patron, who was pleased to see his name engraved over its doorway.

The patroni increased in number, and more and more the colleges acquired the habit of depending on their benefactions. The inscriptions provide no evidence of whether the collegia also provided assistance to sick or infirm members. The only exceptions seem to be the military collegia, which, though strictly forbidden as dangerous to discipline, continued to increase in number in spite of the law. Inscriptions from the great legionary camps of the Roman province of Africa show not only the existence of these clubs, but the way in which their funds were spent. It appears that they were applied to useful purposes in the life of a member as well as for his burial, e.g. to traveling expenses, or to his support after his discharge.

Decline
As the Roman Empire became gradually impoverished and depopulated, and as the difficulty of defending its frontiers increased, these associations must have been slowly extinguished. The sudden invasion of Dacia by barbarians in AD 166 was followed by the extinction of one collegium which has left a record of the fact, and probably by many others. The master of the college of Jupiter Cernenius, with the two quaestors and seven witnesses, attest the fact that the college has ceased to exist: "The accounts have been wound up, and no balance is left in the chest. For a long time no member has attended on the days fixed for meetings, and no subscriptions have been paid.

title: Associations in ancient Rome


text: Template:Arabic-script sidebar

title: Template:Arabic-script sidebar


text:
User talk:Casius

Run away!!!! -Damien Vryce 16:52, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Re: Waterloo Sunset
Casius wrote:

 * I'm curious to know which version of Waterloo Sunset you uploaded here here. The background vocals are far more inspiring than the version I have which comes from the original album Something Else. -Casius 04:49, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Hi, I think it was from a compilation album, though I can't remember exactly which one; I'll go through my collection later and have a look for it. I've heard the original before, but not having it to hand to compare when I prepared the sample, I had assumed it was the same. Anyway, that's interesting to know – Gurch 05:12, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Ah, here we go, it's from All the Hits and More. There's a track listing here. It might be better for Wikipedia's sample to be from the original version; I'm not sure. If you have software that can convert files to Ogg format (MP3 is no good because of licensing issues) then you're welcome to replace my version; bear in mind the guidelines at Music samples – sample must be no more than 10% of the original song (19 seconds in this case) and must be low quality (Ogg Vorbis quality "0") – Gurch 05:25, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Mel stottlemyre.jpg)
 Thanks for uploading Image:Mel stottlemyre.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. —Remember the dot (talk) 22:23, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use Image:Mel stottlemyre.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Mel stottlemyre.jpg. I noticed the description page specifies that the media is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed media could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this media is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the media description page and edit it to add, without deleting the original Replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use media by finding freely licensed media of the same subject, requesting that the copyright holder release this (or similar) media under a free license, or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of description pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that even if you follow steps 1 and 2 above, fair use media which could be replaced by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted 2 days after this notification (7 days if not used in an article), per our Fair Use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. —Remember the dot (talk) 18:25, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Casius


text:
Template talk:Arabic-script sidebar

This template is to help us merge information from fr:Modèle:AlphabetArabe to the English wikipedia through translation and create a coherent series like the French have. Feel free to change style, translation of title, etc. to make it fit better here gren 06:55, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Template:Arabic alphabet

My edits
I changed this a little so that on Arabic alphabet it lined up with the alphabet box in width. It shouldn't matter really on other pages but it looks better there. gren グレン 06:50, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Is it possible to tweak the CSS on this template to remove the underlines from the links
I know the genreal wikipedia style is to always have links underlined, but in this case the informatiopn being conveyed is visual and the underlines do disrupt the letters. I tried to do it with what little CSS I know and did not achieve it. I am hesatant to do much more for fear of messing up any pages this template gets included on. Can someone who knows what they are doing give it a go? Dalf | Talk 03:14, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Sin Shin
Sin and Shin have the same link?

 * Yes, in Syriac, Hebrew, Aramaic, Phoenician they're the same letter, in Arabic they're similar (but seperate). The Semetic lanagugues share the same articles on Wikipedia. Epson291 04:40, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * not a good idea. the template presents the Arabic alphabet. There can well be separate articles for Sin and Shin, as with Ġayn etc., it just so happens that at present both and     redirect to the same place. dab (𒁳) 14:03, 19 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I see your point, in Hebrew it is the same way, Sin is שׂ and Shin is שׁ (with the accents on different sides), they are also technically seperate (but still the same letter), and accents in general are not normally written. However, as for Arabic, I don't have enough knowlege of it, I know they look similar (but seperate letters, with it replacing the hebrew samech), but you should raise that issue at Shin (letter). Epson291 17:53, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Arabic sin and shin are two separate letters. They redirect to the same reason for purely practical reasons. "rv not discussed" is rather bold seeing all the justification you gave for your change (after the template had been doing fine for over a year), and seeing that you 'don't have enough knowlege' to tell the number of Arabic letters. btw, message from your spellchecker: Semitic, separate. dab (𒁳) 08:41, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Where's ʿayn?
I'm going to go out on a limb here and add it next to ġain, but if I'm incorrect in doing so, let me know. ArlenCuss (talk) 10:20, 21 February 2011 (UTC)

... my bad. It's right there. I'm thick sometimes. ArlenCuss (talk) 10:22, 21 February 2011 (UTC)

Line-height
How to increase the line-height? The dot of غ can't appear easily. --Mahmudmasri (talk) 15:11, 5 October 2013 (UTC)

✅ [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3AArabic-script_sidebar&diff=575883301&oldid=572507434]. --Mahmudmasri (talk) 17:15, 5 October 2013 (UTC)

Pashto alphabet missing letter
Pashto alphabet is missing this letter: can this be added ۀ Adjutor101 (talk) 17:58, 18 June 2017 (UTC)

✅ (don't know when. — kwami (talk))

add this template punjabi script
its authentic alphabet for Punjabi Languag used in pakistan, many books are publish in punjabi script of punjabi language. so please revert ur edit u removed punjabi language script on this page. thanks — Preceding unsigned comment added by Punjab Post (talk • contribs) 12:14, 5 March 2019 (UTC)

It's already there. We don't need a third Punjabi-Arabic alphabet, not without sources that it actually is a third alphabet in addition to Shahmukhi and Siraiki. You even say in your article that it is also used to write Siraiki -- perhaps we should expand the scope of that article? And certainly not under this name -- it's not a script and it's not used as a generic Punjabi alphabet. — kwami (talk) 21:26, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

It's already been added and it's called Shahmukhi and I have updated it to include the ArLaam and ArNoon, it was also missing Noon Gunna, which has been added Taimoorahmed11 (talk) 01:01, 7 April 2020 (UTC)

wrong version of kaf / key
the Persian version seems to Use Arabic kaf ك i thought they used key like Urdu ک without the extra squiggle? Irtapil (talk) 05:52, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

my keyboard has the Urdu ک version for Farsi, but my keyboard also thinks i can type Sindhi with an Urdu keyboard, so not the best source.

Irtapil (talk) 05:52, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

on my phone now it looks like Urdu Kaf, but on my PC it looked like Aracic kaf with the extra squiggle. did someone change it, or is it using a weird font on my pc? Irtapil (talk) 08:17, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

Pashto Nun Ghunna
The Pashto section needs the nun ghunna letter: ں  — Preceding unsigned comment added by SavageBWiki (talk • contribs) 00:43, 15 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Arabic-script sidebar


text:
Mauritia flexuosa

Mauritia flexuosa, known as the moriche palm, ité palm, ita, buriti, muriti, miriti (Brazil), canangucho (Colombia), morete or acho (Ecuador), or aguaje (Peru), is a palm tree. It grows in and near swamps and other wet areas in tropical South America.

Mauritia flexuosa, a tree, can reach up to 35 m in height. The large leaves form a rounded crown. The flowers are yellowish and appear from December to April. The fruit, which grows from December to June, is a chestnut color and is covered with shiny scales. The yellow flesh covers a hard, oval nut. The seeds float, and this is the means by which the palm tree propagates. In natural populations, the tree reaches very high densities.

Distribution
Mauritia flexuosa is found in the wild in South America in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Trinidad.

Fruit
Moriche palm fruit ("morete" in the Oriente of Ecuador) is edible and used to make juice, jam, ice cream, a fermented "wine", desserts and snacks, requiring harvesting of more than 50 tonnes per day in Peru.

The inflorescence buds are eaten as a vegetable and the sap can be drunk fresh or fermented (see palm wine). Threads and cords are locally produced from the tree's fibers.

Humans consume palm weevil larvae (Rhynchophorus palmarum) which burrow in the tree trunk.

Oil
Buriti oil is an orange-reddish oil extracted from the fruit of the moriche palm. The oil contains high concentrations of oleic acid, tocopherols, and carotenoids, especially beta-carotene. The oil has a reddish color used as ink on hides and skins. Batana oil, also derived from Mauritia flexuosa, is a similar oil extract with multi-purpose use.

Ecology
This tree is important to many animal species; several bird species, such as the red-bellied macaw, sulphury flycatcher, and moriche oriole, use it for nesting and food. Tapirs, peccaries, fish and monkeys depend on the fruit. Alexander von Humboldt documented the tree and the ecosystem it supports in 1800 when traveling through the Llanos region of Venezuela. He "observed with astonishment how many things are connected with the existence of a single plant." He called it the "tree of life" and essentially described it as a keystone species although the concept would not be explicitly defined until 1969 by Robert T. Paine.

Miscellaneous
The government of the Federal District – the Brazilian state where the country's capital, Brasília, is located – is called Palácio do Buriti ("Buriti Palace"). Across the street from the building is a square with fountains and a single moriche palm tree, which was taken from the outskirts of the city and replanted there. The species is a common feature of the cerrado vegetation that predominates in central Brazil.

title: Mauritia flexuosa


text:
Template:Sfd-t

‹ The stub template below has been proposed for deletion. Please share your thoughts at this template's entry on the Categories for discussion page.

Please do not edit or blank the template, or remove it from articles where it is used, while the discussion is in progress. ›

title: Template:Sfd-t


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Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss

Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss (stylized as Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo$$) is the sixth studio album by American rapper Snoop Dogg. It was released on November 26, 2002, by his Doggystyle label, alongside Priority and Capitol Records. Following his departure from the No Limit Records, he later signed a recording contract to Capitol through Priority Records. The album was supported by two singles, both featuring Pharrell: "From tha Chuuuch to da Palace" and "Beautiful", the latter also featuring Charlie Wilson.

The album debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200, selling 174,000 copies in its first week, and received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). To date, it has sold over 1,500,000 copies worldwide.

Music
This album marked the beginning of Snoop's long-lasting association with Pharrell and The Neptunes. The album's lead single "From tha Chuuuch to da Palace", produced by The Neptunes and featuring an uncredited guest appearance from Pharrell, was released on October 15, 2002. The song's music video was directed by Diane Martel, under the alias Bucky Chrome.

The album's second single, "Beautiful" featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson, also produced by The Neptunes, was released on January 28, 2003. The music video for "Beautiful", which featured Pharrell but omitted Charlie Wilson, was directed by Chris Robinson in Brazil, which helped the single to become a hit on the Billboard charts. In a retrospective critique on the song, Pharrell would later admit he didn't think the song would be a hit. "[Snoop] really loved ‘Beautiful.’ I didn’t get ‘Beautiful,’ mainly because I was singing on there flat as fuck and I just didn’t hear it. I thought it was a fun record. And then we put Charlie Wilson on it and I was like man Charlie sounding amazing on this, and this feels good to me, but no one is ever going to go for this."

Release
It was announced to be re-packaged for the album, with six of these pre-released versions of different album covers, but only several tracks were not to be included on each. Snoop's also contains two-disc's DVD, called Boss Playa: A Day in the Life of Bigg Snoop Dogg; including the first disc featuring three music videos for "Boss Playa", "Pimp Slapp'd" (where both of them, were directed by Pook Brown), and "That's the Shit"; the second disc is a DVD, named "Doggystyle Porn", which features the song, titled "You Like Doin It Too". However, these tracks were later featured in an unreleased project version of the album.

Critical reception

 * Rolling Stone - 3 stars out of 5 - "Snoop stretches his silky flow over tracks by underground ace Hi-Tek and the unstoppable Neptunes."
 * Spin - 8 out of 10 - "The most spirited pop record of his career....Paid Tha Cost is Snoop unleashed."
 * Entertainment Weekly - "Snoop is reborn, a gangsta rap granddaddy in recline." - Rating: A−
 * Uncut - 3 stars out of 5 - "He treads a line between loving monogamy and club bangers, emphasizing accessibility throughout."
 * Vibe - 3.5 out of 5 - "His wordplay is still as nimble and quick as ever, giving the beats a beat down with newfound urgency."

Commercial performance
Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200, selling 174,000 copies in its first week. In November 2004, the album sales, where it has sold 1,210,000 copies in the United States.

Controversy
On March 24, 2003, a lawsuit was filed against Snoop Dogg by a man who claimed that his life was endangered after the rapper had included a 50-second phone message featuring the plaintiff's voice on the album's last track, "Pimp Slapp'd", a diss track directed at then-Death Row Records CEO Suge Knight. The man, identified only as John Doe for security reasons, had left the voice message for Snoop Dogg in October 2002, unaware of the intention of its inclusion on the album. John Doe, who was identified on the answering machine as "Jim Bob", insisted the album be recalled and cancelled for distribution in its current form, and stated in court papers that he had been threatened verbally several times and feared for his and his mother's lives due to Knight's close proximity, as both he and Knight resided in Compton, California, at the time.

On February 3, 2004, the lawsuit was dismissed for common law appropriation of voice and intentional infliction of emotional distress, under the ruling that privacy cannot be maintained while leaving a message on another's recording device.

Track listing
Sample credits
 * "Da Bo$$ Would Like to See You" samples "It's My House" performed by Diana Ross.
 * "Stoplight" samples "Flash Light" performed by Parliament.
 * "From tha Chuuuch to da Palace" samples "Buffalo Gals" performed by Malcolm McLaren.
 * "Ballin'" samples "Fell for You" performed by The Dramatics.
 * "Paper'd Up" samples "Paid in Full" performed by Eric B. & Rakim, and "Don't Look Any Further" performed by Dennis Edwards.
 * "Wasn't Your Fault" samples "I Didn't Mean to Turn You On" performed by Cherrelle.
 * "Bo$$ Playa" samples "Riding High" performed by Faze-O.
 * "Hourglass" samples "I Just Want to Be" performed by Cameo.
 * "The One and Only" samples "It's You, It's You" performed by Tyrone Davis.
 * "I Miss That Bitch" samples "I'm Your Mechanical Man" performed by Jerry Butler.
 * "From Long Beach 2 Brick City" samples "Wikka Wrap" performed by The Evasions.
 * "Batman & Robin" samples "Batman" performed by TeeVee Toons, Inc.
 * "Pimp Slapp'd" samples "Rapper's Delight" performed by Sugarhill Gang, "Tonite" performed by DJ Quik, "Flash Light" performed by Parliament, and "Streets is Watching" performed by Jay-Z.

Personnel
Credits adapted from Allmusic.

 * Dave Aron - engineer, mixing
 * B-Real - congas
 * DJ Battlecat - producer
 * Daniel Betancourt - assistant
 * Joe Ceballos - coloring
 * Keith Clark - producer
 * Andrew Coleman - engineer
 * Snoopy Collins - background vocals
 * Hi-Tek - producer
 * DJ Premier - producer
 * Nate Dogg - vocals
 * The Dramatics - vocals
 * E-Swift - producer
 * Shy Felder - background vocals, vocals
 * Warren G - vocals
 * Brian Gardner - mastering
 * Goldie Loc - vocals
 * Mamie Gunn - background vocals
 * Robin Hill - sample clearance
 * Brian Horton - flute
 * Chad Hugo - instrumentation
 * Richard Huredia - mixing
 * L.T. Hutton - producer
 * Jay-Z - vocals
 * Jelly Roll - background vocals, mixing, producer
 * Eric Johnson - bass
 * Just Blaze - producer
 * Ronnie King - hammond organ

 * The Lady of Rage - vocals
 * Josef Leimberg - producer
 * Ken Lewis - mixing
 * Lil' ½ Dead - vocals
 * Quazedelic - background vocals
 * Ludacris - vocals
 * Anthony Mandler - photography
 * Kokane - vocals
 * Fredwreck - fender rhodes, flute, mixing, moog synthesizer, producer, sequencing
 * Traci Nelson - background vocals, vocals
 * The Neptunes - producer
 * James Rainey - sample clearance
 * RBX - vocals
 * Redman - vocals
 * Eric Roinestad - art direction
 * Eddie Sancho - mixing
 * Chris Sholar - guitar
 * Snoop Dogg - primary artist, sequencing
 * Soopafly - vocals
 * Nancie Stern - sample clearance
 * Dexter Thibou - assistant engineer
 * Patrick Viala - mixing
 * Meech Wells - producer
 * LaToiya Williams - vocals
 * Marlon Williams - guitar
 * Pharrell Williams - instrumentation, vocals
 * Charlie Wilson - vocals
 * Christian Olde Wolbers - bass
 * The Redd Brothers (Dwayne & Daniel) - mixing

title: Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss


text:
Leaders of Namaland

Political Affiliation
DTA - Democratic Turnhalle Alliance

title: Leaders of Namaland


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rehan

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 02:30, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Rehan
Vanity, hoax. The only Rehan mentioned on imdb is a Pakistani actor in a 1967 movie, several years before this one was supposedly born. The Raghu Romeo article has no mention of him. RickK 06:59, May 29, 2005 (UTC) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehan article needs to be deleated asap, and people on top agree on this fact.delete article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehan from the wikipedia website.
 * Delete. Vanity/hoax. Jayjg (talk) 14:47, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense vanity. JamesBurns 07:38, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Apparently Mr. Vaid is the author. He's asking over at the Reference desk for the page to be deleted because he "FORGOT TO SAY THAT THIS PERSON WAS A CO-PRODUCER WITHIN THE USER NAME". Delete, unverifiable vanity hoax nonsense. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:26, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- Toytoy 04:55, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

This is the third time this has cropped up. Is somebody deleting it from the VfD page or what? RickK 21:45, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - un-notable, and for crying out loud, leave the page alone until this vote is over, so people can acutally see what they're voting on. Don't blank it or vandalize it with the copyright notice!  Blackcats 22:06, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable/vanity/advert - Tεx  τ  urε  22:34, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: I nowiki'd the page rank booster in it while the thing sits here. It's just another piece of vanity. Geogre 13:03, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete; for all the reasons above. jglc | t | c 15:11, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Jbaber 20:30, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rehan


text:
Machado

Machado is a surname of Portuguese origin meaning "axe" or "hatchet", with the surname attested as far back as the 2nd century. It is commonly found in Portugal, Spain, Brazil, Hispanic America, the Philippines, India (former Portuguese colony of Goa, Mangalore, Southern Tamil Nadu and Southern Kerala), as well as former Portuguese colony of Macao in China and several former Portuguese territories in Africa. It is also attested among Sephardic Jews, while in Italy, the surname may be associated with Jewish heritage, particularly in Genova; Jews are attested in Genova since Roman times, and the surname is one of the most frequent found in documents from Genova's Synagogue. The Machados in India were populated after the conversion of Paravar race of Tuticorin (District of Tamil Nadu in India) to Catholicism by the Portuguese in the year 1532, a few years after they began trading in India.

The word machado means axe in Portuguese.

People
Notable people with the surname include:

Arts and entertainment

 * Ana Rita Machado (born 1991), Portuguese actress
 * Antonio Machado (1875–1939), Spanish poet
 * Carmen Maria Machado (born 1986), American writer
 * Celso Machado (born 1953), Brazilian musician and composer
 * China Machado (1929–2016), fashion model, editor, television producer
 * Cristian Machado (born 1974), Brazilian heavy metal singer
 * Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (1839–1908), Brazilian writer
 * Júlia Machado (born 2010), Portuguese-American singer
 * Justina Machado (born 1972), American actress
 * Larissa Machado (born 1993), Brazilian singer-songwriter, actress and dancer
 * Manuel Machado (1874–1947), Spanish writer
 * Milo Machado-Graner (born 2008), French actor

Politics

 * Bernardino Machado (1851–1944), Portuguese statesman
 * Gerardo Machado (1869–1939), Cuban independence hero and politician
 * Gustavo Machado (1898–1983), Venezuelan politician
 * Luis Alberto Machado (1932–2016), Venezuelan Minister of Intelligence
 * María Corina Machado (born 1967), Venezuelan politician
 * Joaquim Germano Pinto Machado Correia da Silva, Portuguese Governor of Macau

Sports

 * Anderson Machado (born 1981), United States baseball player
 * Andrés Machado (born 1993), Venezuelan baseball player
 * Djair Baptista Machado (born 1976), Brazilian footballer
 * Félix Machado (born 1972), Venezuelan boxer
 * Honorio Machado (born 1982), Venezuelan racing cyclist
 * Israel Machado (born 1960), Brazilian basketball player
 * J. P. Machado (born 1976), American football player
 * Julio Machado (born 1965), Venezuelan baseball player
 * Leandro Machado, Brazilian footballer
 * Leandro Ruiz Machado (born 1976), Brazilian water polo player
 * Manny Machado (born 1992), United States baseball player
 * Manuela Machado (born 1963), Portuguese long-distance runner
 * Marcelo Machado (born 1975), Brazilian basketball player
 * Octávio Machado (born 1949), Portuguese footballer and coach
 * Paulo Machado (born 1986), Portuguese footballer
 * Rob Machado (born 1973), United States surfer
 * Robert Machado (born 1973), Venezuelan baseball player
 * Roseli Machado (1968–2021), Brazilian long-distance runner
 * Rui Machado (born 1984), Portuguese tennis player
 * Scott Machado (born 1990), basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
 * Teresa Machado (1969–2020), Portuguese Olympic athlete
 * Tiago Machado (born 1985), Portuguese road racing cyclist
 * Valesca Machado, Brazilian mixed martial artist
 * The Machado brothers, Brazilian jiu-jitsu teachers and competitors
 * Rigan Machado (born 1966)
 * Carlos Machado (born 1963)
 * Jean Jacques Machado (born 1968)
 * Ian Machado Garry, Irish mixed martial artist

Others

 * Alicia Machado (born 1976), Venezuelan Miss Universe
 * Jeff Machado, Brazilian homicide victim
 * John Machado, California art entrepreneur and historian
 * Mario Machado (1935–2013), television and radio broadcaster and actor
 * Priscila Machado (born 1986), Miss Brazil 2011
 * Rod Machado (born 1953), United States pilot
 * Tina Machado (born 1960), American businesswoman and Miss Hawaii USA 1985
 * Peter Machado (born 1954), Archbishop of Archdiocese of Bangalore,India
 * Matthew Zachariah Machado (born 1998), American author, voice actor, producer, singer, historian, philosopher, entrepreneur, and shortwave AM radio show host

Places

 * Machado, Minas Gerais, a city in Brazil
 * Machado, California, a former town in California

title: Machado


text:
Unexplained Mysteries

Unexplained Mysteries is an American documentary television series that originally aired in syndication from 2003 to 2004 for a single season. The show deals with eyewitness accounts of paranormal activity, especially aliens, UFOs, and ghosts; almost all of them are rehashed reports from the series Sightings and Paranormal Borderline.

title: Unexplained Mysteries


text:
File:TheCoastIsNeverClear.jpg

Summary
Cover art to The Coast is Never Clear by Beulah, released in 2001 on Velocette Records.

title: File:TheCoastIsNeverClear.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Craig Van Ravens

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 02:31, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Craig Van Ravens
Possible hoax, Google returned nothing. Was marked as a speedy by someone else. - Mailer Diablo 07:07, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonsense. RickK 07:17, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * D hoax. Fawcett5 20:44, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Louis Rose

Louis Rose (March 24, 1807 – February 14, 1888) was a pioneer developer of San Diego, California. The neighborhood of Roseville in Point Loma is named for him, as are Rose Creek and Rose Canyon.

History
Rose was a German Jewish immigrant and San Diego's first identifiable Jewish resident. He came to San Diego in 1850, via New Orleans, Louisiana and Texas. He traveled to California with Judge James W. Robinson's wagon train party. Arriving just as California became a state in 1850, he was a member of the first grand jury and first County Board of Supervisors. He was President of the Board of Trustees for San Diego during 1853–1855, and served on the San Diego School Board. Rose was a volunteer in the Garra Indian uprising.

Rose was central in the establishment and development of San Diego's Jewish community. High Holy Day services were held in his house. The Hebrew Benevolent Society was formed at his house. He donated the land for the first Jewish cemetery. Though a layman, he officiated for the community at a Jewish wedding. Rose was a founding member of Congregation Beth Israel (San Diego). Congregation Beth Israel became Temple Beth Israel, San Diego's largest synagogue.

Rose married twice. His first marriage was to Carolyn Marx in New Orleans. The marriage ended in divorce. Later in his life, in San Diego, Rose was introduced to and married a local Jewish widow, Matilda Newman. They had two children. One child died in infancy. Their second child, Henrietta Rose became a school teacher in San Diego. She never married. She was buried in an unmarked grave until the Louis Rose Society for the Preservation of Jewish History purchased a headstone, which was dedicated in partnership with the school district, the teachers union, and the Eastern Star Masonic Organization of which she was president of a lodge.

Louis Rose was buried in the Jewish cemetery that he helped found. As San Diego developed, the old Jewish cemetery was sold and the bodies buried there were moved to a newer Jewish cemetery, the Home of Peace. In the process, Rose's original headstone was lost; later one was put in by people who knew him only by historical reputation and wished to honor his memory. The exact location of his interment is uncertain.

San Diego contributions
Rose realized that transportation would be important to San Diego. With his associate James W. Robinson, Rose founded the San Diego and Gila Railroad in 1855 and served as its treasurer. The railroad was never built.

In 1866 Rose bought land and laid out a town he called "Roseville" adjacent to San Diego Bay on the Point Loma peninsula. He laid out streets and built a wharf. He thought it would be a future city, and for a time it was a separate city competing with San Diego's New Town (now downtown San Diego) across the bay. He hoped to link Roseville to a railroad. Many were skeptical about the prospects for Roseville or San Diego, but he would always say "Just wait a while and you will see." Roseville eventually became part of the city of San Diego. A plaque at the corner of Rosecrans Street and Avenida de Portugal (which was the intersection of First and Main streets when Roseville was an independent city) recognizes the establishment of Roseville in 1869.

Rose was postmaster at Old Town, San Diego during 1873–1883. This was an honor considering that he was appointed by Republican presidents even though Rose himself was a lifelong Democrat.

Rose Creek and Rose Canyon in San Diego are named for him. He bought 650 acres in the canyon in 1853 and had a ranch there, with a tannery. He also prospected for gold and copper without too much success. The tannery provided capital to build a wharf and to lay out Roseville.

Rose died in 1888. He had one daughter, Henrietta, a school teacher who never married. He is buried in Home of Peace Cemetery on Imperial Avenue.

Legacy

 * In 1934, a monument plaque was placed on U.S. Highway 101 commemorating Rose. Although the highway is now gone, the plaque remains in its original location, which is now on the campus of the University of California, San Diego (in front of the Applied Physics and Mathematics Building). The plaque was placed by the San Diego Historical Society, Congregations Beth Israel and Tifereth Israel, and San Diego Lodge 35 of the Free and Accepted Masons, which Rose helped to found.
 * In 2004, Louis Rose Point was dedicated in honor of Rose. It is located at the foot of Womble Street, on the grounds of the old Naval Training Center (now Liberty Station). In 2011, a plaque honoring Rose was dedicated at Louis Rose Point, and two rose bushes were planted in his name.
 * The "Louis Rose Society for the Preservation of Jewish History" is named for him.
 * A Point Loma elementary school, Cabrillo Elementary, established a sister-school relationship with an elementary school in Neuhaus-an-der-Oste, Germany, where Rose was born.

title: Louis Rose


text: User talk:84.178.250.231

title: User talk:84.178.250.231


text:
Snoop Dogg Presents... Doggy Style Allstars Vol. 1

Snoop Dogg Presents... Doggy Style Allstars, Welcome To Tha House Vol. 1 is a compilation presented by American rapper Snoop Dogg. It was released on August 13, 2002, by Snoop Dogg's own label, Doggystyle Records. The album features production by DJ Premier, Quazedelic, Fredwreck, Meech Wells, The Alchemist, Hi-Tek, and DJ Slip; it was regionally promoted by Radio Bums. It peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and at number 19 on the Billboard 200. The album features performances by Snoop Dogg, Kokane, RBX, Daz Dillinger, Soopafly, Nate Dogg and The Lady of Rage.

A DVD titled Snoop Dogg - Welcome to the House: The Doggumentary, featuring music videos for the tracks "Fallen Star" and "Not Like it Was", was released as promotional material for the album.

Reception
Chart - "Leave it to Snoop to deliver a bumpin' P-Funk beat. In Tha House Vol. 1 is the audio equivalent of his Doggy Style porn series and Hollywood comedies — no convoluted themes, just the down-ass dirty shit that keeps people coming back for more. ... There are no clear highlights, just a steady, slow-burning dose of funky cheeba."

Samples

 * "Dogg House America"
 * "Oh I" by George Clinton and the Funkadelics
 * "Hey You!"
 * "What's Your Name?" by The Moments
 * "I Just Get Carried Away"
 * "Do I Stand a Chance" by The Montclairs
 * "Endo… Light That Shit Up"
 * "I Need a Bitch" by Nate Dogg (unreleased, later included on Nate Dogg)
 * "Not Like It Was"
 * "Telling It Like It Is" by T.U.M.E.


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Category:Nova Scotia provincial highways

nl:Categorie:Weg in Nova Scotia


text: User talk:69.175.40.52

title: User talk:69.175.40.52


text: User talk:70.26.67.93

title: User talk:70.26.67.93


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No Limit Top Dogg

No Limit Top Dogg is the fourth studio album by American rapper Snoop Dogg. It was released May 11, 1999, by No Limit and Priority Records. Following the mixed reception of his previous album, Snoop began to work again with Dr. Dre and returned to the west coast sound of his earlier career while on Death Row Records. The album was generally met with positive reception with many critics citing it as a return to form and his best album since Doggystyle (1993). Many praised the production work for the album with the tracks made by Dr. Dre being highlighted as well as Snoop's delivery while criticism was mainly aimed at the length of the album, the No Limit features, and the lack of new lyrical content. The Source placed the album on their list of the "Top 10 Best Albums of the Year" for 1999.

No Limit Top Dogg debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200, selling 187,000 copies in its first week in the United States, only being second to Ricky Martin's self-titled album. This would be Snoop Dogg's first album to not debut at number-one and would ultimately become his lowest selling album of the 1990s. The album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). As of March 2008, the album has sold 1,518,000 copies in the United States and 2 million worldwide as of 2016.

Background
Following the release of his previous album on No Limit, Snoop was granted more creative freedom by Master P which resulted in an album that returned to the sound of his early days on Death Row. Snoop Dogg explained "Master P signed me, so he had the right to dictate and direct me on the first album, because he was bringing me out as a No Limit soldier. To let me have creative control from the beginning wouldn't have been the smartest thing to do."

With this newfound freedom, Snoop sought out the help of former mentor and producer Dr. Dre. The album marks the first time they work together on record since Dre left Death Row. Regarding their relationship over the years, Snoop said "Behind the scenes, we've been basically helping each other out and critiquing each other's projects," He then added "We just went back to working with each other publicly ... the public wanted it, and we wanted it, and we're pushing for it and we're doing it." Attempts at reuniting date back to early 1998 when both collaborated on the song Zoom. However, contract problems emerged that prevented the release of said version (Snoop's verses were eventually replaced by east coast rapper LL Cool J and included in the soundtrack to the film Bulworth). Along with a slew of other former label mates and collaborators like Warren G, Nate Dogg, Jewell, DJ Quik, and Raphael Saadiq, Snoop himself viewed the album to be a companion piece to his debut album Doggystyle.

The album cover also marks a significant departure from the usual design style of all No Limit releases. In regards to this decision, Master P stated "When you look at that Snoop record, you know, you let Snoop be himself." He further stated "You look at his cover and it's got none of the bling and stuff that we always had, it's more about the dogs and what his image is about."

Recording
In comparison to his previous release Da Game Is to Be Sold, Not to Be Told which according to Snoop only took three weeks to make, work on this album spanned over many months beginning in 1998. The album also marks a departure from the southern sound of previous No Limit releases with only a few tracks featuring production and vocals from other No Limit artists and producers. Instead opting to work with more fellow west coast artists and producers in a "conscious effort" to return his brand of music that was present earlier in his career. Of the 19 songs on the album, three were produced by Dr. Dre. "It was matter of getting some shit from Dre that I didn't have, that would best represent him and would best represent me over his music," Snoop Dogg said. "He [directed] me on what to say and how to say it. I just chose the type of beats I wanted and the type of topics I wanted to rap about." In response to working again with Snoop and how times have changed since last working together, Dre stated the following:

"I think Snoop is a lot more humble. As a matter of fact, I know he's a lot more humble. Like I said, he's a lot more focused. He shows up on time, and he comes in ready to do his thing, and he gets in there and performs and, you know, that's all you have to do: Handle your business."

Snoop also continues a previous tradition on his albums to include a cover of an older Hip-Hop song with the song "Snoopafella" (a remake of the song "Cinderfella Dana Dane" by New York rapper Dana Dane). Despite limited involvement on a musical level from No Limit, Snoop has stated that Master P has influenced the album in other ways with the track "I Love My Momma". Snoop mentions "If I wouldn't be on No Limit, I wouldn't even did a song like that, but since Master P, every album he do, he got a song about his momma. He got a song about his dead brother." Snoop also took influence again in his vocal performance from Dr. Dre himself during the process of making and recording songs. He further commented on the chemistry they both still had despite being separate for a while as well as how Dre once again took on a mentor role with him.

Production
The overall production of the album has been noted to be heavily rooted in early '80s funk with a mixture of both West Coast and southern influences coming from his label at No Limit and his associates from his tenure at Death Row. In comparison to Da Game, only two tracks on the whole album are produced by No Limit's in-house production team Beats by the Pound. Dr. Dre's involvement was a major point of interest of the album for both fans and critics at the time of release with his influence being prevalent throughout. Despite his involvement, the album also branches out to newer styles of music that differs from ones found on The Chronic and Doggystyle. On tracks like "Buck 'Em", guitar elements were used that became present on other Dre productions of the time (like Eminem's "Role Model" from The Slim Shady LP) which hinted at what was to be featured on Dre's own 2001 album later that year. Other producers also make new contributions like the use of violins on the song "Trust Me", a rap ballad commenting about relationships. The album also ventures further into soul than previous releases with tracks like "Somethin' Bout Yo Bidness" and "I Love My Momma". Less apparent in the album's production is also the chiming keyboard loops found in Dre's earlier work that was highly popular at the time. The album is also a precursor to the West Coast Hip-Hop resurgence in popularity during that year.

Critical reception
Top Dogg generally gained positive reviews with many critics citing it as a return to form after the mixed reception and different direction of the previous two albums released. Nathan Rabin of The A.V. Club noted "... Dogg sounds happier, looser, and more confident on Top Dogg than he has on any album since his Chronic/Doggystyle glory days." Later in the review he called it "... a vital album, and easily Snoop Dogg's best album since Doggystyle." The Washington Post highlighted the Dre-produced tracks "Just Dippin'" and "Buck 'Em" as one of the best Snoop-Dre collaborations. Source writer Frank Williams called it nearly flawless and said "By returning to his original 1993 flyness, Snoop meshes all his influences to create an album that will ride for a long time." The magazine later included the album on its "Top 10 Albums of the Year [1999]" list. Kevin Powell of Rolling Stone called the album "Snoop's finest work since his debut album...full of seductive party jams that will keep heads bobbing through the summer. Snoop has returned to West Coast G-funk with the help of some old friends...like Dr. Dre and DJ Quik." Neil Strauss of The New York Times positively compared the album to Snoop Dogg's previous release calling it a major musical improvement. NME mentioned "...the silken, sumptuous flow of yore is back, threading deluxe soul and full-bodied grooves....the cool drawl of Snoop...captivates, unveiling tales of love, thuggery, surviving and succeeding in the wild west....a certifiable return to form."

Despite the overall positive reception to the album it did receive some criticism from critics. The majority of it being aimed at the length of the whole project as well as the obligatory No Limit tracks. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic said "...it runs way too long and is filled with superfluous, even irritating cameos, and also that Snoop is content to haul out low-rent gangsta clichés." He further comments on the lack of interesting and clever lyrics in comparison to his older material years ago. The A.V. Club also addresses the length being a problem with it being a few tracks too long. Criticism is also drawn to the tracks with features from other No Limit artists which writer Nathan Rabin considers to be the lowest points of the whole album. The Source's only criticism of the album is also aimed at the two No Limit tracks "Down 4 My Niggaz" and "Ghetto Symphony" calling them "overly-simplistic". Rolling Stone in particular criticized Snoop's lack of growth as a lyricist while declaring the whole album as not worthy of being compared to his debut.

In a retrospective list by Complex, the magazine placed No Limit Top Dogg at Number 17 on their list of "The Top 25 Best No Limit Albums" on April 5, 2013. This is the only album by Snoop Dogg on the label to be included on the list. Entertainment Weekly in 2015 ranked the album third overall as Snoop Dogg's best album only behind 2002's Paid Tha Cost To Be Da Bo$ and 1993's Doggystyle respectively.

Commercial performance
No Limit Top Dogg debuted at number-two and one on the US Billboard 200 and Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums respectively, selling 187,400 copies in its first week. which was second only to Ricky Martin's 1999 self-titled album with huge first week sales of 661,000 copies. The following week the album sold an additional 108,000 copies dropping to number-seven until eventually bowing out of the top ten the following week. Although the release of the single 'Bitch Please' which gained popularity on both the radio and television helped album sales with a 16% rise on the Billboard 200 after months of declining on the charts. Despite not being as commercially successful as Still a G Thang from his previous album as it failed to chart within the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100 (peaking at 77), it still managed to peak at number-eight on the Billboard Hot Rap Singles on August 28 making it one of his highest ranking songs on that chart at the time. The music video also peaked at number-three on BET and charted within the top 20 most played videos on MTV. The video was directed by Dr. Dre.

Top Dogg eventually spent 40 weeks on the Billboard 200 which is second only to Doggystyle on weeks spent on the charts for a Snoop Dogg album. Despite being Snoop Dogg's first album to not debut at number-one and have strong first-week album sales, it was certified platinum on October 13, 1999 and sold 1,100,000 copies by the end of 1999 making it the 73rd best selling album of the year. Some speculated the reason for the relatively low turn out for the first week sales of the album is a result of the anticipation for Ricky Martin's album released the same week. The low awareness for the album was also thought to be due to a lack of a video or hit single prior to the release. As of March 2008, the album has sold 1,518,000 copies in the United States and 2 million worldwide as of 2016.

Track listing

 * Sample credits
 * "My Heat Goes Boom" contains a sample from "Only in California" as performed by Mack 10
 * "Snoopafella" contains a sample from "Cinderfella Dana Dane" as performed by Dana Dane, and "Dazz" as performed by Brick
 * "In Love with a Thug" contains a sample from "Moments in Love" as performed by Art of Noise
 * "Down 4 My N's" contains a sample from "Ike's Mood I" as performed by Isaac Hayes
 * "Betta Days" samples "I Like Funky Music" as performed by Uncle Louie, and "Heartbeat" as performed by Taana Gardner
 * "Bitch Please" samples "Smooth Operator" as performed by Sade, and "Treat Her Like a Prostitute" as performed by Slick Rick
 * "Ghetto Symphony" contains a sample from "The Symphony" as performed by Marley Marl
 * "Party with a D.P.G." contains a sample from "Shining Star" as performed by Earth, Wind & Fire
 * "Buss'n Rocks" contains a sample from "Agony of Defeet" as performed by Parliament, and "Zoom" as performed by Commodores
 * "Don't Tell" contains a sample from "Ain't No Fun (If the Homies Can't Have None)" as performed by Snoop Dogg
 * "20 Minutes" contains a sample from "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" as performed by Traditional Folk

title: No Limit Top Dogg


text:
Vynnychenko

Vynnychenko (Винниченко), also transliterated Vinnichenko, is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Eleonora Vinnichenko, Ukrainian figure skater
 * Mykola Vynnychenko (born 1958), Soviet-Ukrainian race walker
 * Nikolay Vinnichenko (born 1965), Russian politician
 * Rozalia Vynnychenko (1886–1959), wife of Volodymyr
 * Valentin Vinnichenko (born 1995), Russian footballer
 * Volodymyr Vynnychenko (1880–1951), Ukrainian writer and first Prime Minister of Ukraine

title: Vynnychenko


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Xtreme Strike

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 02:31, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Xtreme Strike

 * Non-notable gaming clan. Some flavour of recruitment advertisment too. - Mailer Diablo 07:17, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -Sholtar | talk 07:19, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. --Sn0wflake 07:49, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity. Martg76 08:25, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Jayjg (talk) 14:47, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * D vanity Fawcett5 20:43, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Unnotable clancruft. Nestea 11:44, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Redcrystal

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Longhair | Talk 07:18, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Redcrystal