text:
Talk:Union Cycliste Internationale

Racing licenses?
The article states that UCI issues racing licenses, but I thought it was the various national federations. Or are there certain circumstances where UCI would issue a license despite the fact that normally this is the responsibility of the national federations. Wschart (talk) 21:30, 30 August 2012 (UTC)

Founded in 1965?
If, as the first paragraph under History states, that the UCI was founded in 1965 why does it later state that Britain didn't join until 1903? --176.251.246.159 (talk) 19:38, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

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Trans Women
Should we have a Trans Women section under Controversies ? It seems that this subject is far from settled. Emdee (talk) 15:24, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Yes, I think so. A useful article is here. Moonraker (talk) 01:37, 26 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Union Cycliste Internationale


text:
Talk:Card–cord merger

I think that is actually useful information that you've removed, angr. So, I've reverted it and added quotation marks.

 * Useful information or no, it's a copyright violation, and adding quotation marks doesn't change that. The quote was far too long to fall under fair use, and you didn't even say where the quote was from. But I added a link to the original page so the interested reader can learn more there. --Angr/undefined 04:56, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Card–cord merger


text:
Talk:Cyclo-cross

External links?
A few of the links are to a commercial website, or regional website that have little general knowledge about cyclo-cross. Any thoughts about possibly cleaning a few links out? Thanks. Julius.kusuma 13:29, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't quite understand which part of policy the external links contravened, can someone explain please? - I thought adding a link to the UK official Cross body site with calendars of events, rules, results etc might be helpful to people wanting to get started in Cross racing. Richard Law. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Yellowcyclist (talk • contribs) 08:28, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I actually hadn't intended to remove that one. My mistake. -  brenneman (t) (c)  09:03, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

I just tidied this section up again as it was getting rather large. Here is my rationale for the ones i removed:

seattle cyclocross - too location specific, if we had a link for every regional website the list would be huge. i think links should cover at least a national level. Sportsites.be - too infested with popup ads and broken links to be of any use. dirty moose - the videos are mostly promos cross crusade - there is already a link to its wikipedia page Will.law 05:47, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Notable cyclo-cross racers
There is no doubt that Jonathan baker is a very good cyclo-cross racer but I don't think it is appropriate to put his name in this section. IMO, this section is really for the absolute greats, there are world champions that aren't even on the list. For those who think otherwise I would be interested to hear your reasoning, the list as it stands certainly isn't perfect Thanks for contributing. Will.law 02:36, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

Notable cyclo-cross riders
This section does not have a place in the article! It is POV and Original Research. This is against Wikipedia policy so we must follow it! I'm sure there is room in the prose to mention how some people have a greater influence in the sport than others but a list is the wrong way to go. (I thought I had already posted this... my bad) SeveroTC 12:35, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Photos
How about some good photos? These suck! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.42.236.145 (talk) 15:18, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

There's got to be better photos of cyclocross available. Neither of these really conveys the experience. I've frieds that have massive amounts on flicker. It seems presumptious somehow to replace existing photos.99.41.53.187 (talk) 19:52, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

 * That photo has been on this article since it first appeared on wikipedia, kind of grandfathered in? also, that team has a very long history with cyclocross (in the united states anyway).
 * Another comment: To say "cyclocross bicycles are similar to racing bicycles" doesn't make much sense. Any bicycle used in a race is a "racing bicycle." I'd suggest replacing with "cyclocross bicycles are similar to road bicycles."  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.55.174.134 (talk) 23:47, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

Series and major races
Ok I might be slightly biased towards the European scene, but I still felt this warranted a question/discussion. Currently there's a bunch of series listed in the "Cyclo-Cross Series' and Major Races" (side note, why is there an apostrophe?) that don't seem to be of particular esteem. There's some with no wiki article at all, or some with an article of a paragraph long written a few years ago (and it shows in the text). Although I must admit that shouldn't be used as an indication of importance, I still feel it says something. Now since I am Belgium-based, I can't really gauge the importance of these races in USA and UK (I hadn't ever heard of them, shame on me), so I was wondering about the view of someone who knew better. The way I'm picturing them, you might as well add things like "De Moedige Veldrijder", so to speak. What sort of criterium is placed on adding things in that list, and wouldn't it be better to link to (possibly non-existent) wikipedia pages than acting like a "portal" of sorts to these different cyclo-cross related sites.WardMuylaert (talk) 15:19, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Géo Lefèvre
Géo Lefèvre, the originator of the idea for the Tour de France, also played a key role in the early days of the sport.[4]

Does it make ANY sense at all to list Lefevre here without specifying in what way he "played a key role"?? It just seems like some type of "name dropping" to give the genesis story of Cyclo-cross more weight without giving some specifics? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.81.163.142 (talk) 12:51, 7 May 2013 (UTC)

 * The reference goes to an interesting article by User:Les woodland (published cycling author as well as occasional Wikipedia contributor). It would be worth paraphrasing some of the article to this page to explain it more. Severo (talk) 13:08, 7 May 2013 (UTC)

Medical rationale not mentioned in the article.
The main intent of cyclo-cross genre is to prevent lung inflammation during autumn and winter races. Seated on "ram" handlebar bikes pro cyclists can maintain high enough speeds for longer periods where the wind would chill them, no matter how much Gore-Tex they wear. Cyclocross barriers and terrain regularly disrupt the hurry, so the torso has a chance to regain warmth from the effort of running or climbing on foot and the participants are less likely to end up bed-ridden. 91.82.36.220 (talk) 19:20, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

 * I don't quite follow what you're saying - do you have any references to support/explain what you're trying to say? Rehnn83 Talk 16:32, 3 November 2016 (UTC)

 * Do you have a source for this? I5-X600K (talk) 21:22, 4 November 2020 (UTC)

Race Format
Hello, I came here to try and understand how the race is won! What happens when the time is up? There is no discussion about how the number of laps are counted and the winner is determined. Specifically I am confused about what happens if I have just started a new lap and the time us up, does this lap count? etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.229.162.156 (talk) 16:58, 15 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cyclo-cross


text: Talk:Dirk Graham

title: Talk:Dirk Graham


text:
Talk:List of pneumonia deaths

Rename
The name of this article is long and wordy. I suggest maybe moving it to a title such as:
 * List of pneumonia victims

or something of the sort; the current title is quite bad. If anyone has any comments or proposals, please let me know! Otherwise, I will make the move myself in like 5 days. Thanks. -- Jared  [T]/[+ ] 21:10, 11 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Lists like this will never be complete, and that is why this one was removed from the Pneumonia article. However, some editors did not want to delete the list, so it still exists and was left as a "See also" link.  Really, it is meaningless to even try to make a list of all the people (or even all the "famous" people) who have suffered such a common disease. In the USA alone there are about 4.8 million cases of pneumonia each year, and more than 60,000 deaths each year from pneumonia!   And how many of those people were "famous?"   Rewster 06:33, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Even with the "never complete" disclaimer, this is the dumbest thing I've ever seen on wikipedia. 76.3.11.12 (talk) 04:13, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

 * You should check out List of jazz albums. I'll donate £50 to the charity of your choice if that list ever becomes complete up to 1950. -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 09:12, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

 * To be fair, the inclusion criteria for that list have subsequently been tightened so as to only allow significant or notable albums; Wikipedia is very slowly moving in my direction. I'll spend the £50 on something nice for Christmas. -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 10:57, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

Goulishly jumping the gun on Heath Ledger's death
Is this just a game to see who's first at reportage? There has been speculation, but the results are still pending on the NY medical examiner's report regarding actual cause of death. The entry is unsubstantiated gossip, at this point, and not fact!

SF Skipster*** —Preceding unsigned comment added by SF Skipster (talk • contribs) 18:23, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

Unfortunatly there are more people to add to the list
I understand that Millvina Dean, the last survivor of the Titanic died of Pneumonia on May 31st, 2009. m w (talk) 20:45, 17 June 2009 (UTC)Phthinosuchusisanancestor

even more
John Forsynth from "Charlies angels" on april 1 2010 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.207.224.95 (talk) 05:41, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

Edgar Allen Poe
Didn't Edgar Allan Poe's mother die of pneumonia? Or was it his wife? Whoever it was, they need to be added. I think it also needs to be added to his article. ~ Wikipedian19265478 (talk) 04:08, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

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text:
Number needed to treat

The number needed to treat (NNT) or number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) is an epidemiological measure used in communicating the effectiveness of a health-care intervention, typically a treatment with medication. The NNT is the average number of patients who need to be treated to prevent one additional bad outcome (e.g. the number of patients that need to be treated for one of them to benefit compared with a control in a clinical trial). It is defined as the inverse of the absolute risk reduction, and computed as $$1/(I_u - I_e)$$, where $$I_u$$ is the incidence in the control (unexposed) group, and $$I_e$$ is the incidence in the treated (exposed) group. This calculation implicitly assumes monotonicity, that is, no individual can be harmed by treatment. The modern approach, based on counterfactual conditionals, relaxes this assumption and yields bounds on NNT.

A type of effect size, the NNT was described in 1988 by McMaster University's Laupacis, Sackett and Roberts. While theoretically, the ideal NNT is 1, where everyone improves with treatment and no one improves with control, in practice, NNT is always rounded up to the nearest round number and so even a NNT of 1.1 becomes a NNT of 2 . A higher NNT indicates that treatment is less effective.

NNT is similar to number needed to harm (NNH), where NNT usually refers to a therapeutic intervention and NNH to a detrimental effect or risk factor. A combined measure, the number needed to treat for an additional beneficial or harmful outcome (NNTB/H), is also used.

Relevance
The NNT is an important measure in pharmacoeconomics. If a clinical endpoint is devastating enough (e.g. death, heart attack), drugs with a high NNT may still be indicated in particular situations. If the endpoint is minor, health insurers may decline to reimburse drugs with a high NNT. NNT is significant to consider when comparing possible side effects of a medication against its benefits. For medications with a high NNT, even a small incidence of adverse effects may outweigh the benefits. Even though NNT is an important measure in a clinical trial, it is infrequently included in medical journal articles reporting the results of clinical trials. There are several important problems with the NNT, involving bias and lack of reliable confidence intervals, as well as difficulties in excluding the possibility of no difference between two treatments or groups.

NNT may vary substantially over time, and hence convey different information as a function of the specific time-point of its calculation. Snapinn and Jiang showed examples where the information conveyed by the NNT may be incomplete or even contradictory compared to the traditional statistics of interest in survival analysis. A comprehensive research on adjustment of the NNT for explanatory variables and accommodation to time-dependent outcomes was conducted by Bender and Blettner, Austin, and Vancak et al.

Explanation of NNT in practice
There are a number of factors that can affect the meaning of the NNT depending on the situation. The treatment may be a drug in the form of a pill or injection, a surgical procedure, or many other possibilities. The following examples demonstrate how NNT is determined and what it means. In this example, it is important to understand that every participant has the condition being treated, so there are only "diseased" patients who received the treatment or did not. This is typically a type of study that would occur only if both the control and the tested treatment carried significant risks of serious harm, or if the treatment was unethical for a healthy participant (for example, chemotherapy drugs or a new method of appendectomy - surgical removal of the appendix). Most drug trials test both the control and the treatment on both healthy and "diseased" participants. Or, if the treatment's purpose is to prevent a condition that is fairly common (an anticoagulant to prevent heart attack for example), a prospective study may be used. A study which starts with all healthy participants is termed a prospective study, and is in contrast to a retrospective study, in which some participants already have the condition in question. Prospective studies produce much higher quality evidence, but are much more difficult and time-consuming to perform.

In the table below:
 * $$I_e$$ is the probability of seeing no improvement after receiving the treatment (this is 1 minus the probability of seeing improvement with the treatment). This measure applies only to the treated group.
 * $$I_u$$ is the probability of seeing no improvement after receiving the control (this is 1 minus the probability of seeing improvement with only the control). This measure applies only to the control (unexposed) group. The control group may receive a placebo treatment, or in cases where the goal is to find evidence that a new treatment is more effective than an existing treatment, the control group will receive the existing treatment. The meaning of the NNT is dependent on whether the control group received a placebo treatment or an existing treatment, and, in cases where a placebo treatment is given, the NNT is also affected to the quality of the placebo (i.e. for participants, is the placebo completely indistinguishable from the tested treatment.

Real-life example
ASCOT-LLA manufacturer-sponsored study addressed the benefit of atorvastatin 10 mg (a cholesterol-lowering drug) in patients with hypertension (high blood pressure) but no previous cardiovascular disease (primary prevention). The trial ran for 3.3 years, and during this period the relative risk of a "primary event" (heart attack) was reduced by 36% (relative risk reduction, RRR). The absolute risk reduction (ARR), however, was much smaller, because the study group did not have a very high rate of cardiovascular events over the study period: 2.67% in the control group, compared to 1.65% in the treatment group. Taking atorvastatin for 3.3 years, therefore, would lead to an ARR of only 1.02% (2.67% minus 1.65%). The number needed to treat to prevent one cardiovascular event would then be 98.04 for 3.3 years.

Modern Approach to NNT
The above calculations for NNT are valid under monotonicity, where treatment can't have a negative effect on any individual. However, in the case where the treatment may benefit some individuals and harm others, the NNT as defined above cannot be estimated from a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) alone. The inverse of the absolute risk reduction only provides an upper bound, i.e., $$\text{NNT} \leqslant 1/(I_u - I_e)$$.

The modern approach defines NNT literally, as the number of patients one needs to treat (on the average) before saving one. However, since "saving" is a counterfactual notion (a patient must recover if treated and not recover if not treated) the logic of counterfactuals must be invoked to estimate this quantity from experimental or observational studies. The probability of "saving" is captured by the Probability of Necessity and Sufficiency (PNS), where $$\text{PNS} = P(\text{Recovery if and only if treated})$$. Once PNS is estimated, NNT is given as $$\text{NNT} = \text{PNS}^{-1}$$. However, due to the counterfactual nature of PNS, only bounds can be computed from an RCT, rather than a precise estimate. Tian and Pearl have derived tight bounds on PNS, based on multiple data sources, and Pearl showed that a combination of observational and experimental data may sometimes make the bounds collapse to a point estimate. Mueller and Pearl provide a conceptual interpretation for this phenomenon and illustrate its impact on both individual and policy-makers decisions.

title: Number needed to treat


text:
Sigil of Baphomet

The Sigil of Baphomet is the official insignia of the Church of Satan, first appearing on the cover of The Satanic Mass album in 1968, and adorning the cover of The Satanic Bible the following year. The sigil has been called a "material pentagram" representational of carnality and earthy principles. The Church describes the symbol as the "...preeminent visual distillation of the iconoclastic philosophy of Satanism."

History
The familiar goat's head inside an inverted pentagram did not become the foremost symbol of Satanism until the founding of the Church of Satan in 1966. The original goat pentagram containing the Hebrew letters at the five points of the pentagram spelling out Leviathan (לויתן), the ancient serpent from the biblical Chaoskampf, first appeared in the book La Clef de la Magie Noire by French occultist Stanislas de Guaita, in 1897. With the pentagram inverted, matter is ruling over spirit, a condition associated with evil. In the book, de Guaita also showed an upright pentagram with the Pentagrammaton (יהשוה) at the vertices of the pentagram. The Pentagrammaton is an esoteric version of the Hebrew name of Jesus, Yeshua, (ישוע) by adding the letter shin (ש) in the middle of the Tetragrammaton divine name Yod-He-Vav-He, (יהוה). The lower four points represented the four elements of the material world, while the uppermost point represented spirit ruling over matter. The upper Pentacle includes the concept of an inverted pentagram being a representation of evil and an upright pentagram symbolizing holiness, which originated with the 19th-century French occultist Eliphas Lévi. Anton LaVey, the founder of the Church of Satan based his “Sigil of Baphomet” on this image of Baphomet. This symbol was later used in Maurice Bessy's book A Pictorial History of Magic and the Supernatural, with the words "Samael" and "Lilith" removed.

During his years of research into the "black arts", LaVey had come across this book and added it to his collection. When he chose to turn his magic circle, the Order of the Trapezoid, into the Church of Satan, he decided that the symbol was the one which most fully embodied the principles which were the bedrock of the Satanic church. Contrary to claims made against the Church by detractors, LaVey never claimed to have created this particular symbol. In its formative years, this particular version of the symbol was utilized by the Church on membership cards, stationery, medallions and most notably above the altar in the ritual chamber of the Black House. During the writing of The Satanic Bible, it was decided that a unique version of the symbol should be rendered to be identified exclusively with the Church. The complete graphic now known as the Sigil of Baphomet, named such for the first time in LaVey's The Satanic Rituals, first appeared on the cover of The Satanic Mass LP in 1968 and later on the cover of The Satanic Bible in 1969. This version was drawn by LaVey and attributed to "Hugo Zorilla" (a pseudonym used by LaVey in some of his art).

The sigil, when combined with the text "The First Church of Satan", was previously trademarked by the Church of Satan, but the trademark was abandoned in 2000.

title: Sigil of Baphomet


text:
Ukraine Air Alliance

Ukraine Air Alliance is a cargo airline based in Kyiv, Ukraine. It operates services to Asia, Africa and Europe. Its main bases were Boryspil International Airport (KBP) and Zhuliany International Airport (IEV).

History
The airline was established on 28 February 1992 and started operations in 1993. It registered with the Ukrainian authorities as a joint stock company and was one of the first private air enterprises in Ukraine to obtain international status through registration at ICAO. The airline got a "Positive TCO decision" in February 2017, however as of 5 October 2019, it was revoked and the airline was no longer allowed to operate within the EU airspace.

On 31 January 2020, Ukraine Air Alliance successfully received a renewed Air Operator Certificate and operates 4 An-12 aircraft with the following registration numbers: UR-CGV, UR-CAK, UR-CNT and UR-CZZ. All aircraft are equipped according to all latest requirements of ICAO and EASA. The airline has passed SAFA inspections for compliance with the highest standards of flight safety.

Current fleet
As of October 2019, prior to the crash of flight 4050 and its shutdown, the Ukraine Air Alliance fleet consisted 7 An-12 aircraft. After renewing the AOC in 2020, Ukraine Air Alliance fleet consists 4 aircraft: UR-CGV, UR-CAK, UR-CNT and UR-CZZ

Former fleet
Ukraine Air Alliance has operated the following aircraft types in the past:
 * Antonov An-2
 * Antonov An-24
 * Antonov An-26B
 * Antonov An-28
 * Antonov An-32B
 * Antonov An-74
 * Antonov An-124-100
 * Ilyushin Il-76MD
 * Ilyushin Il-76TD
 * Mil Mi-8MT

Accidents and incidents

 * On 9 August 2013, Ukraine Air Alliance Flight 751, operated with an Antonov An-12BK (UR-CAG) burned on the ground at Leipzig Airport, Germany. The aircraft had been loaded with live chicks and was preparing for takeoff when a fire broke out in the cargo area. The crew was able to escape before the fire completely destroyed the aircraft. An investigation revealed the fire's source to be an uncontained failure of the auxiliary power unit (APU).

 * On 30 August 2014, Ukraine Air Alliance Flight 4012, an An-12BK (UR-DWF) crashed into mountainous terrain shortly after departing Tamanrasset Airport, Algeria for Malabo, Equatorial Guinea. There were no survivors among the seven crew members.
 * On 4 October 2019, Ukraine Air Alliance Flight 4050, an An-12BK (UR-CAH) crashed on approach to Lviv-Danylo Halytskyi Airport, Ukraine, inbound from Vigo, Spain. 5 of the 8 people on board died. Photos from the scene suggest the aircraft landed in shrubs about 1,5 km short of the runway. The aircraft sustained serious damage. The cause of the accident is perceived to be pilot error due to fatigue.

title: Ukraine Air Alliance


text:
Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro

Lagoa (English: Lagoon) is an affluent residential neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil located around the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon. It borders the neighborhoods of Ipanema, Leblon, Copacabana, Gávea, Jardim Botânico, and Humaitá.

It is the third most expensive neighborhood to live in South America. It is also one of the few places in Rio de Janeiro without a favela. The population is of about 18,200 inhabitants. Around Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, there is a 7.5 km long cycleway and many parks.

title: Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro


text:
User:Jsolinsky

Feel free to put whatever you want here.

title: User:Jsolinsky


text:
Coach of the Year

Many sports leagues, sportswriting associations, and other organizations confer "Coach of the Year" awards. In some sports — including baseball and association football — the award is called the "Manager of the Year" award.

Some of these are:
 * AFCA Coach of the Year (American collegiate football) (US)
 * Annis Stukus Trophy (Canadian Football League)
 * Associated Press College Basketball Coach of the Year (NCAA Division I men's and women's basketball) (US)
 * Clair Bee Coach of the Year (NCAA Division I men's basketball) (US)
 * Geno Auriemma Award (NCAA Division I women's basketball) (US)
 * Henry Iba Award (NCAA Division I men's basketball) (US)
 * IHJUK Coach of the Year Trophy (Ice Hockey Journalists UK)
 * Jack Adams Award (National Hockey League, Canada & US)
 * Jake Milford Trophy (Central Hockey League, US; named after Jake Milford)
 * Major Indoor Soccer League (US) Coach of the Year
 * Major League Lacrosse (US) Coach of the Year
 * Naismith College Coach of the Year (NCAA Division I basketball) (US)
 * National Basketball Association (US) Coach of the Year
 * National Basketball League (Australia) Coach of the Year
 * National Football League (US) Coach of the Year
 * Sigi Schmid Coach of the Year Award (Major League Soccer, US & Canada)
 * Swedish Ice Hockey Coach of the Year
 * United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee Coach of the Year
 * Women's National Basketball Association (US) Coach of the Year
 * USA Swimming Golden Goggle Awards Coach of the Year

title: Coach of the Year


text:
Aliens versus Predator versus The Terminator

Aliens versus Predator versus The Terminator is a comic published by Dark Horse Comics about fictional characters from three separate movie series: Alien, Predator, and Terminator. The series was in four parts, with parts 2–4 having a tagline on their cover.

Plot
The story begins with a community residing in a sewer at an undisclosed location (possibly on Earth). The characters, including Annalee Call (Winona Ryder's character from Alien Resurrection) find Ripley #8, a clone of Ellen Ripley (also from Alien Resurrection). Call then takes Ripley back to her base of operations. She informs Ripley of a new military operation on the science station Typhoon, involving a hybrid Alien super soldier, led by a Dr. Trollenberg. When Ripley refuses, Call blackmails her into assisting.

Meanwhile, Dr. Trollenberg works on the super soldier. He is approached by General Helm, who is in charge of the station, and wants to shut down the project since Trollenberg requested cybernetic components. After killing the general and his guards, Trollenberg then impersonates his victim by changing his voice. At the same time, a Predator travels the Typhoon, intent on hunting the super soldier.

Call and her crew, Ripley included, infiltrate the station in disguise. After guards, they move into Trollenberg's lab. Trollenberg, proceeds to kill two of Call's crew before the cloaked Predator decapitates him. Now de-clocked, the Predator fights the super-soldier. The latter is impervious to harm and able to absorb metal objects to regenerate damage. The super-soldier dispatches his foe, but causes a breach in the station's hull in doing so.

The crew escape to their shuttle (Carthage), with Trollenberg's head before the space station explodes from the breach, while the super soldier boards a smaller science vessel/escape pod, taking with it some alien chestbursters. In the 'science pod', the super soldier commences work on a second super soldier who was also near completion.

Call hacks into Trollenberg's skull to learn more about him. Inside Trollenberg's memory, she finds an interactive recording of John Connor in the 21st century, who tells her of the Crypto Terminators, of which Trollenberg was one, who could find among humans in order to establish a new generation later.

After Call logs out, three Predator spacecraft surround their ship. Three Predators teleport on board and take Ripley prisoner. Elsewhere, the science pod reaches its destination, the Navy heavy cruiser Euphrates. The prototype disembarks, now accompanied by a new super soldier.

On the Carthage, Call surmises that the Predators knew of Ripley's genetic heritage, just as they did, and that they most likely want her to assist in the threat posed by the super soldiers; she decides they must use all this new information to their advantage.

On a Predator ship, Ripley finds a trophy room filled with Xenomorph relics. She understands that the Predators' lives revolve around the Aliens and that they know that both the super soldier and she are part Alien. She is taken to a circular operating table and tied down whilst a breathing apparatus is attached to her face, followed by a thin needle drill moving towards her.

On the Euphrates, the ship's commanding officer complains about the "android survivors", who he doesn't trust. The super soldiers have requested to be transferred to a high security asteroid facility. A message arrives from Command, refusing the super soldiers access to the Black Asteroid. The super soldiers then kill the crew present. The prototype super soldier begins to absorb parts of the cruiser's interior, resulting in critical damage to the ship's primary systems, including life support.

On the Carthage, Call has determined that the Predators would be following the most likely course of the super soldier towards the nearest large source of Aliens' genetic material: Los Alamos 235 a.k.a. the Black Asteroid. On the Predators' spacecraft, Ripley has a dream in which she relives Aliens encounters and finds a ghostly image of a traditional Terminator endoskeleton. Now awake, Ripley notices a scar on her neck. She is led from the operating table, to a viewing screen of Los Alamos 235. She senses sensing that there are Aliens within and that the Predators extracted this information from her DNA, from the Alien genetic memory.

Nearby, the Euphrates is granted access to the Black Asteroid and opens fire on the station's control room. In the Predators' craft, Ripley undergoes a pre-battle ritual where she is given an Alien tooth necklace and is covered in Predator blood warpaint. The super soldiers take control of the ship and make their way to a room filled with fully-grown Aliens in containment tubes.

The next day, hidden amongst the smaller asteroids around Los Alamos 235, the Carthage crew watch the space surrounding the Black Asteroid. An entire fleet of military ships have arrived to retake the station only to be wiped out by a powerful energy surge. The Carthage moves towards the station, entering unnoticed through the entry point as Call wonders whether the Predators have already made it here and if Ripley is still alive.

Inside, Ripley plays dead as a monstrous super soldier crouches over her. In a flashback, she remembers entering the astroid, remembering how they entered the asteroid, slipping unnoticed past its defenses and the fleet outside. In less than 24 hours, the two super soldiers had created an entire sophisticated manufacturing plant which quickly grew more of the new blue-skinned hybrids. The Terminators had won against the Predator foes. But Ripley, in a desperate gambit, releases the Aliens from their containment tubes. The tide then turns against the Terminators due to their vulnerability to the aliens' acidic blood.

Rounding a corner, Ripley finds Call and Voorman. She (Ripley) stays she will stay and fight. Voorman whom drags Call back to the Carthage and stops her from trying to rescue Ripley. Call feels a sense of responsibility to getting Ripley involved in this mess. Meanwhile, Ripley slips on board the ship and the hybrid prototype also boards.

The Carthage exits the station, followed by the super soldier's ship, just as it explodes. Onboard, Ripley stalks the prototype, moving through the ship's internal piping. She leaps forward to kill the prototype with a Predator knife, but that doesn't work. Deciding to go with Plan B, Ripley cuts her arm with the blade. Ripley's blood burns through the viewing panel of the airlock door, causing flames from the explosion that surrounded the ship to flood in, resulting in its destruction.

On the Carthage, Call observes the explosion and comments that Ripley finished the job. They set a course for home.

Collected editions
The work has been collected as a trade paperback:

 * Aliens versus Predator versus The Terminator (Dark Horse Comics, 96 pages, 2001, ISBN 1-56971-568-8)


text: User talk:A2xm

title: User talk:A2xm


text:
Fothergilla

Fothergilla (witch alder) is a genus of two to four species of flowering plants in the family Hamamelidaceae, native to woodland and swamps of the southeastern United States.

They are low-growing deciduous shrubs growing to 1 - 3 m tall with downy twigs. The brush-like flowers are produced before the leaves in spring on terminal spikes; they do not have any petals, but a conspicuous cluster of white stamens 2–3 cm long. The leaves are alternate, broad ovoid, 4–10 cm long and 3–8 cm broad, with a coarsely toothed margin; they are noted for their brilliant orange or red fall colors.

Species

 * Fothergilla gardenii dwarf witch alder
 * †Fothergilla malloryi (Extinct, Ypresian, Klondike Mountain Formation)
 * Fothergilla major large witch alder (incl. Fothergilla monticola)
 * Fothergilla milleri
 * Fothergilla parvifolia

Etymology
The genus was named in honor of the English physician and plant collector Dr. John Fothergill (1712-1780) of Stratford, Essex, who was known for introducing American plants to Britain.

Cultivation and uses
Fothergillas are grown as ornamental plants for their spring flowers and fall foliage color. They are slow-growing, rarely exceeding 1–2 m tall in cultivation. The hybrid cultivar Fothergilla × intermedia 'Mount Airy' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

title: Fothergilla


text:
Partry

Partry (Partraí) is a village and a civil parish formerly called Ballyovey in County Mayo, Ireland. It is located at the junction of the N84 and R330 roads between the towns of Ballinrobe and Castlebar, and between Lough Carra and Lough Mask. The lakes Cloon Lough and Lough Nacorralea are located near Partry.

While formerly known as Ballyovey, the contemporary name, Partry, derives from the word "Partraige", which is the name of the tribe that lived in the area in ancient times.

In 2004, Partry Athletic Football Club was formed by members of the local community. It won Division 2 of the Mayo league the season after its formation.

Partry play with CLG Thuar Mhic Éadaigh for GAA purposes.

A priest-hunter named Seán na Sagart was killed in Partry.

Notable people

 * Lacky Ó Máille (fl. 18th century), Irish friar and poet.
 * James Horan (1911–1986), born in Partry, parish priest of Knock, known for his successful campaign to establish Knock Airport

title: Partry


text:
American Association for Women in Radiology

The American Association for Women in Radiology (or AAWR) is a professional association founded in 1981 as a resource for "professional socialization" for women in a male-dominated field of radiology.

AAWR’s role model is Marie Curie.

The main goals of the association were to provide a forum for issues unique to women in radiology, radiation oncology and related professions, to sponsor programs that promote opportunities for women, and to facilitate networking among women radiologists.


text:
Cable tester

A cable tester is an electronic device used to verify the electrical connections in a signal cable or other wired assembly. Basic cable testers are continuity testers that verify the existence of a conductive path between ends of the cable, and verify the correct wiring of connectors on the cable. More advanced cable testers can measure the signal transmission properties of the cable such as its resistance, signal attenuation, noise and interference.

Basic tester
Generally a basic cable tester is a battery operated portable instrument with a source of electric current, one or more voltage indicators, and possibly a switching or scanning arrangement to check each of several conductors sequentially. A cable tester may also have a microcontroller and a display to automate the testing process and show the testing results, especially for multiple-conductor cables. A cable tester may be connected to both ends of the cable at once, or the indication and current source portions may be separated to allow injection of a test current at one end of a cable and detection of the results at the distant end. Both portions of such a tester will have connectors compatible with the application, for example, modular connectors for Ethernet local area network cables.

A cable tester is used to verify that all of the intended connections exist and that there are no unintended connections in the cable being tested. When an intended connection is missing it is said to be "open". When an unintended connection exists it is said to be a "short" (a short circuit). If a connection "goes to the wrong place" it is said to be "miswired" (the connection has two faults: it is open to the correct contact and shorted to an incorrect contact).

Generally, the testing is done in two phases. The first phase, called the "opens test" makes sure each of the intended connections is good. The second phase, called the "shorts test" makes sure there are no unintended connections.

There are two common ways to test a connection:

 * 1) A continuity test. Current is passed down the connection. If there is current the connection is assumed to be good. This type of test can be done with a series combination of a battery (to provide the current) and a light bulb (that lights when there is a current).
 * 2) A resistance test. A known current is passed down the connection and the voltage that develops is measured. From the voltage and current the resistance of the connection can be calculated and compared to the expected value.

There are two common ways to test for a short:
 * 1) A low voltage test. A low power, low voltage source is connected between two conductors that should not be connected and the amount of current is measured. If there is no current the conductors are assumed to be well isolated.
 * 2) A high voltage test. Again a voltage source is connected but this time the voltage is of several hundred volts. The increased voltage will make the test more likely to find connections that are nearly shorted since the higher voltage will cause the insulation of nearly shorted wires to break down.

Signal testers
More powerful cable testers can measure the properties of the cable relevant to signal transmission. These include the DC resistance of the cable, the loss of signal strength (attenuation) of a signal at one or more frequencies, and a measure of the isolation between multiple pairs of a multi-pair cable or crosstalk. While these instruments are several times the cost and complexity of basic continuity testers, these measurements may be required to certify that a cable installation meets the technical standards required for its use, for example, in local area network cabling.

Optical cable testers
An optical cable tester contains a visible light source and a connector compatible with the optical cable installation. A visible light source is used, so that detection can be done by eye. More advanced optical cable testers can verify the signal loss properties of an optical cable and connectors.

title: Cable tester


text:
Template talk:Scientist type by nationality

Example of how the template is used from Category:Physicists by nationality

Note - the final " " is important; using it allows this template not to be categorized itself!


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Alberto Vilar

Alberto Vilar, a.k.a. Albert Vilar (October 4, 1940 – September 4, 2021) was an American investment manager who became particularly known as a patron of opera companies, performing arts organizations, and educational institutions. Following the collapse of his investment firm, Amerindo Investment Advisors, he was tried and convicted in November 2008 on charges of money laundering, investment advisor fraud, securities fraud, mail and wire fraud. He was sentenced in February 2010 to nine years in prison and released in 2018.

Background
Originally from West Orange, New Jersey, Vilar earned an economics degree from Washington & Jefferson College, a liberal arts college in Washington, Pennsylvania. He then earned a master's degree in economics at Iona College in New Rochelle, New York. In 1979, along with Gary Tanaka, he founded Amerindo Investment Advisors, an investment advisory firm based in San Francisco and New York, with offices in London. In 1981, Vilar made his first $1 million. Amerindo's main investment activities were in technology funds, which the stock market crash of 2000 severely affected. The value of the Amerindo funds declined sharply, and Vilar began to default on his pledges to arts institutions.

Vilar served on the Washington & Jefferson College Board of Trustees.

Donations to opera companies and other organizations
The arts organisations to which Vilar pledged donations included:
 * Royal Opera House, Covent Garden (ROH) in central London, where the Floral Hall, one of the major foyers of the redeveloped house, was named the "Vilar Floral Hall" in recognition of a 1999 pledge of £10 million. The ROH changed the name of its atrium to the Floral Hall in September 2005 after Vilar paid only a fraction of his original £10 million pledge. Subsequently, he pledged money for the "Young Artists Programme", several opera production sponsorships, and for the installation of seat back titles in the main auditorium.
 * The Salzburg Festival received its largest donation in its 81-year history from Vilar. He in turn received a full-page color photo of himself in every program book.
 * Metropolitan Opera was pledged amounts thought to total $45 million. With $12 million actually given to the company, he remains as its third largest donor.
 * The Kirov Opera located in the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia has been another major beneficiary of Vilar's support, which is said to have been around $14 million and was focused primarily on supporting the summer White Nights Festival.
 * Washington DC's Kennedy Center, under its President, Michael Kaiser who had developed a relationship with Vilar when the former was at the Royal Opera House, received donations to create an arts-management program, the "Vilar Institute for Arts Management" plus pledges for a program to bring the Kirov Opera to the Center on an annual basis. In 2001 Vilar pledged $50 million toward the Center's activities. Again, actual payments fell short, and the Center has had to seek alternative sources of financial support.
 * The Washington National Opera and the Los Angeles Opera both received support from Vilar due to his connection to Plácido Domingo, who was then the General and Artistic Director of both companies. $10 million was pledged to each company.
 * The Maazel-Vilar Conductor's Competition.
 * New York University has the Alberto Vilar Global Fellows in the Performing Arts program, which began in 2002 with a $23.4 million donation to attract and bring young performing artists to study in New York for two years. It has been described by NYU as a Rhodes Scholars-style program.
 * Beaver Creek, Colorado has the Vilar Center for the Arts and the Ford Amphitheater/Vilar Pavilion in Vail, Colorado.
 * Washington & Jefferson College began construction of a new technology building, which was to be named "The Vilar Technology Center," based on a multimillion-dollar pledge by Vilar. With the pledge failing to fully materialize, funds were diverted from elsewhere, allowing for the scaled back building, along with its scaled back name of the "Technology Center" to be completed.
 * Vilar Distinguished Artist Series at Washington & Jefferson College, featuring Lorin Maazel and Susan Graham

As a result of his philanthropy, in 2002 the Americans for the Arts organization gave him their National Arts Award, for "Corporate Citizenship in the Arts".

As noted in James Stewart's 2006 New Yorker profile of Vilar, at some point in 2002, Vilar was hospitalized for a series of operations on his back, and he claims to have nearly died as the result of complications: "they were ready to give me the last rites". There was speculation that he might have missed some planned donations as the result of his illness.

A lasting effect, however, clearly came from the severe decline in his personal fortune due to the crash in technology stocks around 2000. It is documented that Vilar still continued to make pledges even as his personal and his company's fortunes continued to plunge. Among the pledges were $5 million for money for voice loss research after meeting Julie Andrews and $30 million to a Berlin opera company: "Asking Alberto for money was like offering an alcoholic a drink". However, many of his pledges were never paid.

Fraud conviction
Vilar and Tanaka were arrested on May 26, 2005, on charges of securities fraud. The government claimed that the two appropriated as much as $5 million of an Amerindo client Lily Cates' (heiress and mother of actress Phoebe Cates) money for personal use. It was alleged that Vilar used the money to pay for some home repairs and to make good on previously-promised charitable contributions. It was also alleged that Tanaka used money to purchase thoroughbred race horses. The SEC also filed a civil suit. .

According to Stewart's article in The New Yorker, an extensive analysis of Vilar's rise and fall, "Vilar maintains that when he was arrested he was on the brink of a financial comeback. Everything I predicted about the Internet has come true.... I'm ready to go back to work and make money." Stewart continues: "if convicted, Vilar and Tanaka face fines of more than ten million dollars and prison terms of up to a hundred and fifty-five years. But Vilar says, 'We'll sort this out. I'll get beyond this. I will always try to help others.... I still love opera and classical music.... The Met is not going to get my money, but it will not kill my love of music.'"

The charges did not allege wrongdoing at Amerindo's mutual funds, and when the firm was wound up there were no missing funds. But Morningstar, a fund analysis company, advised investors to withdraw their money in any case, because the funds had been performing very poorly. In fact, as with many other funds investing in internet companies, investors had already been pulling out for some time, reducing assets and causing expense ratios to increase. Extensive seizures of records and computers in the course of the investigation compelled Amerindo's board to merge the fund with Munder Capital Management's fund, Munder NetNet, later renamed Munder Internet. The seizures were ruled excessive by a federal judge in early 2007.

Vilar and Tanaka's trial began in September 2008, with Herald Price Fahringer as Vilar's defence attorney and Glenn Colton representing Tanaka. The trial concluded on November 19, 2008 with the conviction of Vilar on all 12 counts with which he had been charged and the conviction of Tanaka on 3 counts.

On February 5, 2010, Vilar was sentenced to nine years in prison, while Tanaka was sentenced to five years. They were both featured in the fifth season of the television series American Greed. In October 2012, after having served more than 2 1/2 years at the Fort Dix, New Jersey, Federal Correctional Institution, the appeals court, over the objections of the prosecution, ordered his immediate release pending the appeal. Vilar and Tanaka were returned to jail in November 2013. In April 2014, Vilar was returned to prison, and sentenced to an additional year for preventing the victims' families from recovering their lost funds.

Consequences of his failures to pay promised donations
In a 2000 interview with Philipp Blom, Vilar had estimated his donations to opera houses and other performing arts centers in some 150 million dollars granted over the previous 10 years

Many of the organizations to which Vilar had pledged donations gradually began to remove his name from parts of their institutions where it had been prominently placed.

In July 2005 the Royal Opera House announced that, following Vilar's failure to maintain the agreed payment schedule, his name would be removed from the building. Later his name was removed from the young artists program when a new donor stepped forward.

At the Metropolitan Opera, where his name appeared on the "Vilar Grand Tier", it has since been removed. The Washington Opera's young artists program has also been renamed (after additional support was found) as the "Domingo-Cafritz Young Artist Program", and the Kennedy Center's "Arts Management Fellowship" program has similarly dropped the Vilar name.

title: Alberto Vilar


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USS Renshaw (DD-499)

USS Renshaw (DD/DDE-499), a Fletcher-class destroyer, was the third ship of the United States Navy of that name, in honor of Commander William B. Renshaw.

Renshaw was laid down 7 May 1942 by the Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Company in Kearny, New Jersey; launched on 13 October 1942, sponsored by Miss Dorothy Lillian Renshaw; and commissioned on 5 December 1942.

South Pacific, 1943–1944
Following shakedown, Renshaw reported to the Pacific Fleet in the spring of 1943, and protected transports in the Solomon Islands area. On 2 July 1943, she participated in the bombardment of the Vila Stanmore and Shortland Island areas in Kula Gulf, coming under the fire of enemy shore batteries.

From 21 to 25 November, she pounded East Island in Empress Augusta Bay with 200 rounds of 5 inch ammunition. Sorum and Makatawa on northeast Bougainville next felt her blows, and she then proceeded north of Buka Island for an offensive sweep between Buka and Green Islands. On the morning of 20 January, she retired southward with her task unit to give fire support to the landings on Bougainville Island itself.

During landings in the New Britain-New Ireland area, Renshaw dealt considerable damage to enemy airfield installations while coming under the fire of shore batteries. On 13 March the ship was in the Empress Augusta Bay area where she bombarded enemy positions in the jungles east of the beachhead held by Allied forces.

After a short period of amphibious training at Pearl Harbor, Renshaw led a force of LSTs to the Marianas Islands. At first assigned to the outer destroyer screen, she later closed the Tinian beach to provide star shell illumination and fire support for troops ashore who were undergoing a heavy counterattack.

Philippines, 1944–1945
In November 1944, while operating with a destroyer division bombarding enemy installations in the Ormoc Bay area and conducting anti-shipping sweeps in the waters westward of Leyte, Renshaw spotted JAPANESE SUBMARINE I-46 on the surface. Renshaw and accompanying destroyers USS Saufley (DD-465), USS Waller (DD-466), and USS Pringle (DD-477) immediately commenced fire and, after a brief one-sided duel during which the submarine returned fire with small caliber weapons, the enemy vessel was destroyed.

After a turnaround in San Pedro Bay, Renshaw and other units of her task group made a high-speed run to Ormoc Bay in an effort to intercept enemy transports reported unloading there. However, only a single Japanese vessel, a large wooden barge, was found, which Renshaw took under fire and destroyed while she came under air attack.

On 31 December 1944, Renshaw sortied with a task unit en route to screen a large transport formation assigned to land troops in the Lingayen Gulf area on 9 January 1945. Despite repeated air attacks during the voyage through the Sulu and South China Seas, the powerful invasion armada reached its objective without serious damage.

While in the Mindanao Sea, on 21 February 1945, Renshaw was struck by a torpedo from an enemy submarine, about 10 feet (3 m) below the waterline, flooding the firerooms. The ship lost all power, a large section of the hull was warped by the explosion, and bulkheads and decks were fractured. Even though 19 men were killed and 20 injured, within a matter of minutes, damage control parties had the flooding reduced by half. Through their efforts the main propulsion machinery suffered no damage. She managed to get under way again, and was escorted to San Pedro Bay by USS Rudderow (DE-224).

Temporary repairs were made in April by the ship's crew and men from the destroyer tender USS Whitney (AD-4) and the repair ship USS Prometheus (AR-3). Renshaw then proceeded under her own power from the forward area to the Todd Pacific Shipyard in Tacoma, Washington, where permanent repairs were completed early in October 1945.

On Navy Day, 27 October 1945, in New York Harbor, President Harry S. Truman reviewed the greatest victory parade in naval history from Renshaw.

1949–1970
Renshaw decommissioned in February 1947 and was attached to the U.S. Atlantic Reserve Fleet. During 1949 and 1950, she was converted to a specialized antisubmarine vessel and recommissioned in June 1950 as DDE-499.

During the Korean War, Renshaw had two tours of duty in the Far East, May to November 1951 and November 1952 to June 1953, in which she served as an escort, patrol, search and rescue, and bombardment vessel. Subsequently, Renshaw served in the Pacific Proving Grounds, February to May 1954, during Operation Castle, rendering patrol and air control services for Joint Task Force 7.

This was followed by a short tour in the Far East from June to August 1954 where Renshaw rescued a British airman from the sea while acting as plane guard for the Royal Navy carrier HMS Warrior (R31), and also participated in a hunter-killer exercise with a force composed of United States and Canadian ships. On 8 August 1955, Renshaw sailed for her fourth tour in the Far East, spending most of her time in hunter-killer exercises and task force operations. She subsequently made additional Far Eastern deployments from Pearl Harbor, October 1956 to May 1957, December 1957 to May 1958, February 1959 to July 1959, and April 1960 to October 1960.

In 1960, Renshaw received Weapon Alpha, a new anti-submarine weapon, and on 17 December 1961, recovered the nosecone of Discoverer 36. She made a further WestPac deployment in 1962. On 7 August 1962 she was redesignated a destroyer and resumed the hull number, DD-499. On 3 October, Renshaw participated in the recovery of Project Mercury astronaut Commander Walter M. Schirra. Spending most of 1963 operating out of Pearl Harbor, Renshaw deployed to WestPac again in November 1963, returning 6 months later.

In 1964 Renshaw took part in the movie In Harm's Way.

On 3 March 1965, Renshaw, in company with other units of Destroyer Division 252, departed Pearl Harbor on short notice to augment destroyer forces for the rapidly expanding naval commitments in the South China Sea. During April and May, she served in surveillance roles and in support of carrier striking force operations. In June she was on Taiwan patrol, returning to Vietnamese waters in July, where she remained until September before steaming via Japan for Pearl Harbor.

In October and December Renshaw served as an alternate recovery ship in Project Gemini. Her 11th WestPac tour began 5 July 1966. She participated in anti-submarine operations, as an aircraft carrier rescue destroyer, in special operations with USS Chicago (CG-11) in the Tonkin Gulf, and in special operations and patrol duties in the Taiwan Strait. DesDiv 252 returned to Pearl Harbor 16 December 1966.

Renshaw remained in the Hawaiian area throughout 1967. She departed Pearl Harbor 8 April 1968 for WestPac where she provided escort services for the fast carrier attack forces on Yankee Station in the Tonkin Gulf. In September Renshaw returned to Pearl Harbor. In June 1969 she sailed for WestPac and Yankee Station where she rescued one pilot from the water. In December 1969, she returned from the Far East to Pearl Harbor. Renshaw decommissioned on 14 February 1970 and was struck from the Navy List the same day. She was sold for scrapping in October 1970 to Zidell Explorations, Inc.

Renshaw earned eight battle stars for World War II service; five battle stars for Korean War service; and six battle stars for Vietnam War service. Her Ship's Bell survives, and is at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum.

title: USS Renshaw (DD-499)


text:
16th Dáil

The 16th Dáil was elected at the 1957 general election on 5 March 1957 and met on 20 March 1957. The members of Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature) of Ireland, are known as TDs. It sat with the 9th Seanad as the two Houses of the Oireachtas.

The 16th Dáil saw a change of Taoiseach from Éamon de Valera to Seán Lemass in June 1959. On 8 September 1961, President Éamon de Valera dissolved the Dáil on the request of Taoiseach Seán Lemass. The 16th Dáil lasted days.

Composition of the 16th Dáil
In line with its policy of abstentionism, the Sinn Féin TDs did not take their seats.

Fianna Fáil, denoted with a bullet, formed the 8th government of Ireland led by Éamon de Valera as Taoiseach. Following de Valera's election as president of Ireland in June 1959, Seán Lemass formed the 9th government of Ireland.

Graphical representation
This is a graphical comparison of party strengths in the 16th Dáil from March 1957. This was not the official seating plan.

Ceann Comhairle
On the meeting of the Dáil, Patrick Hogan (Lab), who had served as Ceann Comhairle since 1951, was proposed by John A. Costello (FG) and seconded by Éamon de Valera (FF) for the position. His election was approved without a vote.

TDs by constituency
The list of the 147 TDs elected, is given in alphabetical order by Dáil constituency.

title: 16th Dáil


text:
Nannites

Nannites is a genus in the ammonoid cephalopods in the order Ceratitida from the middle and upper Triassic (Ladinian and Carnian) of the Alps, named by Mojsisovics (1897). Nannites is the type genus of the Nannitidae which has been placed in the Danubitaceae. Previously the Nannitidae was included in the Ptychitaceae along with the Ptychitidae and, Isculitidae.

Nannites is very small, subglobose, generally evolute and smooth, with a rounded venter, and simple goniatitic sutures.

title: Nannites


text:
User talk:Dvyost

Notice of change
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Speedy deletion nomination of Ahmad al-Tijani

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dvyost


text:
James O. Argue

James Oswald Argue (September 12, 1888 in Elgin, Manitoba – March 6, 1955 ) was a politician in the Canadian province of Manitoba. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Progressive Conservative from 1945 until his death ten years later. Argue's father, James H. Argue, was also a Member of the Legislative Assembly from 1898 to 1914.

Argue was educated at Wesley College, Winnipeg. He worked as a farmer at Elgin, Manitoba and was active in freemasonry. He was married twice: first to Christina Yuill in 1911 and then to Josephine Riley in 1943.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1945 provincial election, winning by acclamation in the Deloraine constituency after his only opponent withdrew from the race. He was again returned by acclamation in the 1949 election, for the redistributed riding of Deloraine-Glenwood.

From 1940 to 1950, Manitoba was governed by an alliance of Liberal-Progressives and Progressive Conservatives. When the Progressive Conservatives left the coalition in 1950, Argue chose to sit as an independent Progressive Conservative.

He later rejoined the Progressive Conservative Party, and defeated Liberal-Progressive R.E. Moffat by 268 votes in the 1953 provincial election. He was still a member of the legislature when he died two years later.

title: James O. Argue


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Cameron Jerome

Cameron Zishan Rana-Jerome (born 14 August 1986), known as Cameron Jerome, is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker, most recently for Bolton Wanderers.

Jerome began his career as a trainee with Huddersfield Town, Grimsby Town, Sheffield Wednesday and Middlesbrough before signing a professional contract with Cardiff City in the summer of 2004. He quickly became a regular at Ninian Park and after scoring 20 goals in the 2005–06 season he was signed by Birmingham City for a fee of £3 million. He spent five years at St Andrew's where he experienced two promotions and two relegations and also helped the side win the 2011 Football League Cup.

Jerome joined Stoke City in August 2011 for a fee of around £4 million and was mainly used as an impact player by Tony Pulis. After not figuring in new manager Mark Hughes' plans Jerome joined Crystal Palace on loan for the 2013–14 season. Jerome joined Norwich City in August 2014, and after 138 appearances in three-and-a-half years, he signed for Derby County in January 2018. After a spell at Turkish club Göztepe, he joined Milton Keynes Dons in October 2020 on a free transfer and spent 18 months with Luton Town before signing for Bolton Wanderers in January 2023.

Early career
Jerome was born in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, and is of Grenadian descent. As a youth, Jerome played for Stile Common, alongside Anthony Griffith, Fraizer Campbell, and Reuben Noble-Lazarus, who all went on to enjoy careers as professional players. Griffith and Jerome also played for Yorkshire Counties. Jerome later joined home town club Westend Juniors before moving on to Huddersfield Town as a junior, then moved on via Grimsby Town, Sheffield Wednesday and Middlesbrough to gain a contract at Cardiff City, after being recommended by reserve team manager Paul Wilkinson. Jerome played under Wilkinson in Grimsby's youth system, but after Wilkinson left Blundell Park to take up his position with Cardiff in October 2003, Jerome was released by replacement Neil Woods for being a disruptive influence.

Cardiff City
Described by the BBC as "one of Cardiff's rising stars", Jerome made his debut in a 0–0 draw with Leeds United on 2 October 2004, as a substitute for Andy Campbell. He scored his first professional goal in his second senior appearance in League Cup tie against Bournemouth, before going on to score seven goals in 32 appearances in the 2004–05 season, and was in a good run of form in the 2005–06 season, finishing top scorer for Cardiff with 20 goals.

His hot form earned him a contract with second-city club Birmingham City. The move not only benefitted Jerome but also helped Cardiff as they used the transfer money to sign Michael Chopra, Stephen McPhail and Glenn Loovens.

Birmingham City

Jerome signed for Birmingham City on 31 May 2006, for a transfer fee reported as an initial £3 million, potentially rising to £4m. Jerome made his debut as a 66th-minute substitute against Colchester United at St Andrew's on 5 August. However, it was a debut to forget, as he was sent off within five minutes of entering play for elbowing an opponent in the face. He netted his first goal for Birmingham against Queens Park Rangers at Loftus Road on 12 September.

Jerome scored his first Premier League goal after 32 seconds of the away match against Derby County on 25 August 2007; his second goal of that game confirmed Birmingham's first win of the 2007–08 season. He finished the season as Birmingham's second top goal scorer with 7 goals in 33 games as Birmingham were relegated. However, the Blues immediately bounced back in the 2008–09 season by finishing second in the Championship. Jerome's 10 goals in 45 appearances were only bettered by veteran partner Kevin Phillips in the Birmingham attack. He scored the first goal in the West Midlands derby match against Wolverhampton Wanderers as Birmingham won 2–0.

In July 2009, Jerome signed a new five-year contract with the club. He scored a spectacular first goal of the 2009–10 season to give his club a 2–1 lead against Liverpool, described as "the kind of goal that only the likes of Gerrard usually scores at Anfield"; he "fended off the irritation of Mascherano and unleashed a thunderous shot which dipped over keeper Reina." Jerome hit a purple patch as the Blues notched up a club-record fifteen consecutive games unbeaten in the Premier League, scoring crucial goals against Stoke City, Manchester United and two versus Blackburn Rovers. His tenth goal of the season, a header from James McFadden's cross, came in a 5–1 defeat away to Manchester City. Two weeks after the final game of the season, Jerome's goals total rose to 11 when he was awarded an extra goal by the Dubious Goals Committee for his attempt against Burnley, which had originally been given as an own goal by Brian Jensen.

Jerome was a 92nd-minute substitute as Birmingham won the 2011 League Cup, defeating favourites Arsenal 2–1 at Wembley Stadium.

Stoke City
On 31 August 2011, the last day of the transfer window, Jerome signed a four-year contract with Premier League club Stoke City for an undisclosed fee, believed by Sky Sports to be £4 million. He scored on his Stoke City debut in the UEFA Europa League against Dynamo Kiev to earn his side a 1–1 draw away from home. He scored against Maccabi Tel Aviv in a 3–0 win but was then sent off for two bookable offences. Jerome scored his first League goal for Stoke against Wigan Athletic on 31 December 2011; it was his first league goal for more than 13 months. He was used in a squad rotation system by manager Tony Pulis, something which he admitted he would have to accept. He continued to make an impact as a substitute, scoring against West Bromwich Albion and Everton. However, he began to vent his frustration at his lack of starts.

The 2012–13 season began with Jerome again on the bench and almost joining Blackburn Rovers on loan. In a rare appearance, against Newcastle United on 28 November 2012 coming on as a substitute, he provided an assist for Jonathan Walters and then scored the winning goal. On 29 December, Jerome "lashed into the top corner from 30 yards" to score Stoke's third goal in a 3–3 draw with Southampton in the final minute of the match. He scored his third and final goal of the season in a 2–1 win against Reading on 9 February 2013. Stoke ended the season in 13th position with Jerome making 30 appearances of which nine were starts. At the end of the season Tony Pulis was replaced by Mark Hughes and Jerome criticised Pulis' lack of squad rotation. – "There's no guarantees [for places under Hughes] but before in the old regime, there was a guaranteed XI who played. No matter what happened, how you trained or if you came on and did well in the games you were involved in, you were still never going to start."

On 5 August 2013, Jerome admitted an FA charge of breaching betting regulations. He was fined £50,000 and was also severely warned as to his future conduct by the FA.

Loan to Crystal Palace
On 2 September 2013, Jerome joined Crystal Palace on loan for the 2013–14 season. He made his debut for the club on 14 September, coming on as a 64th-minute substitute for Dwight Gayle in a 2–0 defeat away at Manchester United. After a poor start to the season Ian Holloway left Palace by mutual consent and Tony Pulis was appointed manager on 23 November. Despite Jerome criticising Pulis towards the end of his time at Stoke, he started and scored against his former club Cardiff City on 7 December. In total Jerome played 29 times for the Eagles scoring twice as they finished in 11th position.

Norwich City

On 20 August 2014, Jerome joined Championship club Norwich City for an undisclosed fee believed to be around £1.5 million. He scored his first goal for the club on 13 September in a 4–2 away victory over Cardiff City. His goal was the fourth of Norwich's second-half goals, in a game which they came from 2–0 behind to win. Jerome scored twice in a 3–0 win three days later away at Brentford. He scored another two on 20 September against former club Birmingham City, taking his tally to five goals in four league matches. He scored his sixth goal on 4 October in a draw with Rotherham United that kept Norwich top of the table. He added another two on 31 October as Norwich beat Bolton 2–1.

After an impressive first season at Norwich, Jerome was voted third in the club's annual Player of the Season competition. Norwich finished third, just short of automatic promotion, and qualified for the playoffs. They reached the final against Middlesbrough, and Jerome scored the opening goal in a 2–0 victory for the Canaries. Jerome had an effective game, frustrating Middlesbrough with his frequent pressing, and was named man of the match.

On 6 August 2016, Jerome scored in the 4–1 win away to Blackburn Rovers on the opening day of the 2016–17 season. On 21 August, he scored Norwich's only goal in the East Anglian derby, which ended in a 1–1 draw at Portman Road. Jerome scored his 16th and last goal of the season in the 7–1 thrashing of Reading on 8 April 2017.

Derby County
On 16 January 2018, Jerome joined Derby County on a one-and-a-half-year contract. The fee, officially undisclosed, was reported by Sky Sports as £1.5 million. He scored his first goal for Derby in a 3–0 home win against Brentford on 3 February, and finished the season with 6 from 20 appearances, including a goal in the play-off semi-final, as Derby failed to gain promotion.

Göztepe
On 31 August 2018, Jerome joined Turkish Süper Lig club Göztepe for an undisclosed fee. His first goal for the club opened the scoring in a 3–2 home win against Konyaspor on 30 September.

Milton Keynes Dons
On 9 October 2020, Jerome returned to England following his release from Göztepe. Milton Keynes Dons manager Russell Martin moved to bring his former teammate to the club on a free transfer of an undisclosed length. Jerome made his league debut for the club the following day in a 2–1 defeat to Portsmouth, and scored his first goal for the club a week later in a 2–0 home win over Gillingham.

Luton Town
In June 2021, Championship club Luton Town confirmed Jerome would join them when his contract with MK Dons expired.

Bolton Wanderers
Having found travelling from his home in the north-west of England increasingly problematic, Jerome left Luton Town on 27 January 2023 after his contract was cancelled by mutual consent. The same day, he signed for League One club Bolton Wanderers on an eighteen-month contract. On 2 April, he came on as a substitute in the 2023 EFL Trophy Final against Plymouth Argyle. Bolton went on to win 4–0. Jerome scored his first goal for Bolton on 10 January 2024 in a 3-1 win against Accrington Stanley in the EFL Trophy round of 16. On 22 May, the club confirmed that he would be leaving at the end of his contract on 30 June.

International career
Jerome made 10 appearances for England U21 between 2005 and 2008 without scoring.

In October 2022, Jerome agreed to represent Grenada.

Personal life
Jerome's younger brother, Sam, played football for Leeds United's youth teams until May 2009. Another younger brother, Ruben, is also a footballer. Jerome grew up supporting Manchester United.

Honours
Birmingham City
 * Football League Championship runner-up: 2006–07, 2008–09
 * Football League Cup: 2010–11

Norwich City
 * Football League Championship play-offs: 2015

Bolton Wanderers
 * EFL Trophy: 2022–23

title: Cameron Jerome


text:
Louis, Count of Enghien

Louis of Enghien (died March 17, 1394) titular Duke of Athens, Count of Brienne and Lord of Enghien in 1381–1394, Count of Conversano in 1356–1394.

Biography
Louis was the fourth son of Walter III of Enghien and Isabella of Brienne. When his mother divided the inheritance of his uncle Walter VI of Brienne among her sons, he received the title of Count of Conversano.

In 1370, after Philip II of Taranto had secured the undisputed control of the Principality of Achaea against Maria of Bourbon, he was sent as Philip's bailli to the principality, which also included the lordship of Argos and Nauplia, ruled by his brother Guy. He remained in the position until 1371. From this position he and his brothers, including John of Enghien, wrote to the Doge of Venice to request Venetian aid in reclaiming the Duchy of Athens, which had been in their family's hands until 1311, from the Catalan Company, but help was not forthcoming. On the death of his childless nephew Walter V of Enghien in 1381, he also became titular Duke of Athens, Count of Brienne and Lord of Enghien.

He married Giovanna of Sanseverino, and they had four daughters: Margaret, Yolanda, Isabella, and Helena. On his death, at Conversano, on March 17, 1394, his titles were inherited by his eldest daughter Peter I married in his own turn, Margaret de Baux, by whom he had nine children: among them are Louis, Count of St. Pol, Brienne, and Conversano, and Jacquetta (mother of Queen consort Elizabeth Woodville).
 * Margaret (born 1365). In 1380, Margaret married John of Luxembourg, Lord of Beauvoir (1370–1397), son of Guy of Luxembourg and Mahaut of Châtillon, by whom she had issue, including
 * Peter I of Luxembourg, Count of St. Pol, of Brienne and of Conversano, and
 * John II of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny.

Louis was one of the founding members of the Order of the Ship of King Charles III (1381).

title: Louis, Count of Enghien


text:
International High School of San Francisco

International High School of San Francisco (also known as International, or SFIHS), is a private co-educational high school in Hayes Valley, San Francisco, California, U.S.. Graduates earn either the International Baccalaureate ("IB") or the French Baccalaureate ("French Bac"). The IB curriculum is primarily taught in English, while the French Bac is primarily taught in French.

A common misconception is that French is required to attend IHS. This is not true. Non-French speakers follow the IB curriculum. Approximately two-thirds to three-quarters of the students graduate with the IB diploma. (The IB is an internationally recognized degree program, with the fastest growth coming in the United States. Stuart Hall/Convent in San Francisco and Berkeley High School are two schools in the Bay Area that also offer the IB diploma.) IB and French Bac graduates earn substantial college credit from pursuing these programs. Many graduates attend respected universities.

The IHS faculty is recruited from all over the world and represents over 20 nationalities. The average number of years of teaching experience is just under 20, and more than 80% of the faculty hold master's degrees or higher.

Campus
International High School's campus consists of a main building at 150 Oak Street, a gymnasium and outdoor recreational space across the street, and an Arts Pavilion on 66 Page Street. The school has acquired the lots at 98 Franklin and 84 Page and is currently in the process of selecting designs for the development of an expanded urban campus. The main building at Oak Street houses classrooms and science labs, teacher workrooms, administrative offices, the library, the design lab, as well as the rooftop deck. The Arts Pavilion houses the music, film, visual arts, and theater programs. The lower floors of the main building house Chinese American International School and French American International School, both K-8 schools.

Student body
Each entering class at International is composed of 90-100 students. In the past few years, there have been around 250 applications for the approximately 50 open spots in the entering freshman class. (The remaining 40-50 students that made up the entering class came from the affiliated French-American K-8 school.) Incoming students arrive at IHS from the following middle schools in the Bay Area, among others:

a) Independent schools: Presidio Hill, SF Day, Hamlin, Live Oak, Town, Burke, Friends, Adda Clevenger, Children's Day, Marin Country Day, Alta Vista, Head Royce (Oakland), Redwood Day (Oakland), Bentley (Oakland)

b) Parochial/Religious schools: Cathedral, Stuart Hall, Convent, Brandeis, Zion Lutheran, St. Thomas More, Notre Dame des Victoires, St. Paul Episcopal, Holy Spirit

c) Bilingual schools: Chinese American International School, Ecole Bilingue de Berkeley, Lycée Français de San Francisco, International School of the Peninsula

d) Public schools: Alice Fong Yu, Aptos, Everett, Gateway, Hoover, Kipp Bridge, Lawton, Presidio, Rooftop, Mill Valley Middle, Crocker Middle (Hillsborough) Ingrid Lacy (Pacifica), Fernando Rivera (Daly City)

A small number of students enter from schools abroad. Over 30% of the families receive financial aid.

Languages
The school offers extensive language offerings in French, Chinese, Spanish, Italian, and Arabic. Students are able to take native level classes in French and Chinese (and Spanish if there is sufficient demand) beginning in their freshman year. For IB students in 11th and 12th grade, the school offers both Level A (native/bilingual level) and Level B (non-native) courses in French and Chinese. (The school offers Level A in Spanish when there is sufficient demand.) Spanish, Italian, and Arabic are offered at non-native levels in both the IB and French Bac. All students take a minimum of four years of a language other than English; many take a third language as well. All of the language teachers are native in the tongue that they teach.

Global travel
International High School's students make yearly cultural, service oriented, and linguistic trips to multiple destinations across the world. The extensive travel program at IHS is unique in the Bay Area. In 2017-18, groups of 10-20 students from grades 9 to 11 will travel to Vietnam, China and Tibet, Denmark and Germany, the American South, England, Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Senegal, Thailand, and India and Myanmar for approximately two weeks. The school also offers longer 6 to 8 week exchanges intended to enhance the students’ globally focused education outside the classroom and enrich their linguistic proficiency. The trips often consist of exchange programs in which IHS students are hosted by local families in the foreign country. In 2015-16, IHS students had the opportunity to undertake exchanges in France (Paris, Bordeaux, Tahiti), Spain, Bolivia, and Peru. In return, IHS families host students from the various foreign countries in their homes in San Francisco.

Service learning
Service learning is an integral part of the curriculum at International as it is a core component of the IB diploma program. Students perform at least 100 hours of service activities throughout their years at IHS. The service component culminates with a month-long Creativity Action Service (CAS) project fully organized by each student. Examples of CAS projects in the past have been: an annual student-run TEDx program, a student organized community development project in Nicaragua, a fundraising evening of music and food for the Chigoli organization in Malawi, a student-organized and run summer volleyball class for girls at John Muir Elementary, a student founded and led LGBT club ("LASER") to raise consciousness about LGBT issues, among many others. The school partners with an extensive list of non-profit organizations that the students regularly become engaged with, including Amigos de las Americas, Breakthrough San Francisco, Family House, Habitat for Humanity, John Muir Elementary After School Beacon Program, My Yute Soccer, Reading Partners, Rocket Dog Rescue, and Teens Teaching Elders Technology, among others. The student body is also active in annual blood drives for Blood Centers of the Pacific, day-long volunteer efforts at the S.F. Food Bank, and others.

IHS is also known for its international community service projects, most prominently raising money to build schools in Jemjem Legabatu, Ethiopia, and M'bour, Senegal. Each year, students at International organize an evening of musical performances by students and faculty known as Songs for Senegal to raise funds to support École Natangué in Senegal. IHS has had a key role in the construction and growth of École Natangué.

Athletics
International sponsors twenty athletic teams that compete with other high schools throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. As of 2021-22, the school competes in the BCL Central league in team sports. Scott Kennedy joined the school as Athletic Director in 2015-16, after 16 years at Mission High School. Scott is the recipient of several leadership and coaching awards, including the California State Athletic Directors Association "Athletic Director of the Year" Award and the Positive Coaching Alliance "National Double-Goal Coach" Award. The athletic program at IHS consists of eleven different sports at the Varsity and Junior Varsity levels (including two clubs sports - sailing and skiing) and around 55 percent of the student body participates in athletics throughout the academic year. The sports are as follows:

Fall: co-ed cross country (varsity and JV), men's soccer (varsity and JV), women's tennis (varsity and JV), women's volleyball (varsity and JV), sailing (varsity and JV)

Winter: men's basketball (varsity and JV), women's basketball (varsity and JV)

Spring: co-ed badminton (varsity), co-ed swimming (varsity), co-ed track (varsity), men's baseball (varsity), men's tennis (varsity and JV), women's soccer (varsity)

Notable results: In Fall 2017, the men's soccer team went to the North Coast Section (NCS) playoff tournament and earned a quarter-finals slot. In 2016-17, IHS attained the following additional results in BCL league play: first in men's and women's basketball; first in baseball; and second in badminton; third in women's volleyball; third in men's tennis. The women's varsity soccer team reached the finals of the NCS playoff tournament. The women's basketball team made it to the CIF State tournament in 2016-17.

Arts
Students at International have the option of taking art - whether it be music, theater, visual arts, or film - in each of their four years. In 9th grade, students explore two art forms, one each semester. In 10th grade, each student chooses one art form for a deeper exploration lasting the entire year. In 11th grade, students can choose to continue with a two-year art course as part of the IB Diploma. This IB art course is a rigorous exploration at the same level of depth and commitment as any of the other five IB courses taken by each student. (The five other IB courses fall in the following categories: English Literature, Mathematics, Science, Humanities/Social Science, and a Second Language other than English.) Thus, many students take art for four years at International. (If a student does not choose the art course, the "sixth course" as it is known can be in any of the other academic disciplines, e.g., a second Science course or a second Humanities course.)

International opened the Dennis Gallagher Arts Pavilion in September 2009. The Pavilion includes a black-box theater, a state-of-the-art film and video editing classroom, as well as music and visual arts studios. Student engage in a broad range of artistic activities and classes there: from writing and directing one act plays to making short films, from painting murals to composing music. The arts are not limited to classes during the regular school day. The Visual Arts department puts on exhibitions throughout the year, with the work of the IB visual arts students prominently on display at the March Arts Reception and at the end-of-year May Arts Festival. The after school performing arts program includes theater and music.

Theater
The school's after school theater program is known as Back à Dos and it is the heart of the performing arts at IHS. The program enjoys the largest participation of any school sponsored extra-curricular activity other than athletics. Every year, Back à Dos produces at least three major shows, including a set of student-directed one act plays (many of which are original student-written pieces), a musical with live musical accompaniment by IHS musicians, and a play. Past performances include Spamalot, Cabaret, and Spring Awakening.

Music
The after school music program holds auditions at the beginning of the year for the ensemble that performs during the Spring Musical. Rehearsals take place twice a week after school from January until the end of the musical, usually in mid to late March. Student-musicians also participate in the IHS orchestra, which rehearses twice a week after school in the fall culminating in a recital at the Florence Gould Theater in the Palace of the Legion of Honor in San Francisco. There are several major music concerts during the year: Songs for Senegal (in the Fall and used as a fundraiser for an IHS backed school in Senegal, consists mostly of small group pop/rock, jazz, and vocal performances), the Florence Gould Recital (for chamber, jazz, and acoustic performances in January), and two Rock/Pop/Jazz Concerts (in January and May).

Design Technology
The school offers Design Technology courses beginning in the freshman year (required for all entering students) and continuing in 10th and in the IB years (11th and 12th) as an optional elective. The freshman course includes a coding component taught by a computer science teacher. The IB Design Technology course incorporates elements of physics, engineering, and art and design. The school partners with SF's Tech Shop in offering its IB design courses and participates in the Maker Faire in San Mateo, California.

Accreditation
International High School is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, the French Ministry of Education, the International Baccalaureate Organization, and the National Association of Independent Schools, and Council of International Schools.


text:
Air Hokkaido

Air Hokkaido Co., Ltd. (エアー北海道株式会社) was an airline based in Hakodate, Hokkaidō, Japan. It operated domestic feeder flights in Hokkaidō from its main base at Hakodate Airport. The airline was dissolved by parent company All Nippon Airways in July 2006.

History
The airline was established on 5 April 1994 and started operations on 22 July 1994. The airline ceased operations on 31 March 2006 as their sole aircraft was no longer airworthy. Its sole route, Hakodate-Okushiri, was taken over the next day by Hokkaido Air System, which is owned by competitor Japan Airlines and Air Nippon Network also increased the Hakodate-Sapporo route in the following day. Parent company All Nippon Airways dissolved Air Hokkaido in July 2006.

Fleet
The Air Hokkaido fleet consisted of 2 DHC-6 Twin Otter Series 300 aircraft (at January 2005).

title: Air Hokkaido


text:
Talk:Lynch (surname)

Origin
Actually, Lynch is a surname of Anglo-Norman origin. Lynch is the form used on several Irish surnames that sound similar to Lynch but are actually something else entirely. Fergananim

 * Thanks for the info, but please clarify. What do you mean by "the form used on several Irish surnames"?  If we have a person named "John Lynch", what does that indicate about his ancestry?--StAkAr Karnak 21:30, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The name Ó Loingsigh is definitely Irish Gaelic. It means "descendant of Loingseach", which is an old Gaelic name that long precedes the Anglo-Normans; cf. Loingsech mac Óengusso. Angr (talk) 14:56, 20 May 2013 (UTC)

Guevara
I'd like to make addition of a hispanic famous person whose grandmother was a Lynch, I'm talking about Ernesto Guevara Serna Lynch, also know as "el che". How can I add him.

regards —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.159.2.86 (talk) 05:20, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
 * See entry in article for Patrick Lynch, ancestor of Che Guevara. Cjc13 (talk) 14:49, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

Don't Rely on Galway Tribes' Genealogies
The 'de Linch' pedigree is pseudohistory and should be deleted, or at least referenced as such. The Lynch surname is common in Ireland and very common in nearby Clare. The Galway Tribes' genealogies were pure propaganda at a time when a Norman pedigree was a big prestige boost. Genealogists of the era were basically erudite and respectable paid liars. "Came over with the Conqueror" was the starting point, and they filled in the rest from there. Of the two Tribe genealogies not traceable to "the Conqueror" one traced to "the Milesians" and the other to "King Arthur at Tintagel", which will give an indication of their historic merit.

The D'Arcy pedigree is provably false, their being annalistic references to their origins in Roscommon, and many of the others have no evidential backing either. Deane is another common anglicisation and is 10 times more common in Mayo than anywhere in England. The cities of Ireland were enthusiastically English at that time, but many of the names were actually transliterations or phonetic anclicisations of Irish names -- Deane, Lynch, Joyce and D'Arcy all fall into that category notwithstanding the fact that there were a few "genuine" D'Arcys, Deanes etc. 88.151.27.235 (talk) 18:51, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Templates
I replaced the templates here with, which is the standard for this kind of page.--DThomsen8 (talk) 17:30, 11 November 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lynch (surname)


text:
Sanders Associates

Sanders Associates was a defense contractor in Nashua, New Hampshire, United States, from 1951 until it was sold in 1986. It is now part of BAE Systems Electronics & Integrated Solutions, a subsidiary of BAE Systems. It concentrated on developing and manufacturing electronic systems, notably aircraft self-protection systems, and tactical surveillance and intelligence systems. Other business areas included microwave, missile and space electronics; infrared imaging; and automated mission planning systems, with both military and commercial applications.

The first home video game console was developed as a side project by engineer Ralph H. Baer and several assistants at Sanders. The production of the final product was granted to Magnavox, a home electronics company, and sold under the name Magnavox Odyssey.

History
The company was founded in Waltham, Massachusetts in July 1951, formed by eleven engineers and scientists from Raytheon. It was named for Royden C. Sanders Jr., one of the original eleven associates. It moved its operations to Nashua in 1952, taking up a vacant mill building and restoring economic vitality to a city that had been devastated by the post-World War II departure of the textile industry from New England to the lower-cost American South.

Sanders Associates was one of the premier flexible printed circuit manufacturers during the 1960s and 1970s. It specialized in complex flexible circuit assemblies and specialized printed wiring boards for both the U.S. military and space programs including the Saturn V and Lunar Excursion Module. Sanders also produced flexible circuitry for most other commercial applications including medical equipment. Sanders Flexprint division was involved with producing printed wiring boards and flex circuitry for all branches of the military and for all platforms. The Flexprint division was sold in the late seventies or early eighties.

Most divisions of Sanders Associates competed in the government marketplace. One division marketed intelligent terminals to the commercial marketplace. These intelligent terminals competed against IBM 3270 terminals, Honeywell terminals, Univac Uniscope terminals and Burroughs Corporation terminals. Terminals provided data entry capability into mainframes as well as light pen pointing and selection before the mouse was in use. The last Sanders Intelligent terminal system marketed was the 814 terminal controller that supported up to eight terminals. That division was acquired by Harris Corporation in the late 1970s and integrated with their Data Communications Division. For a short time, the Nashua plant facilities were shared between Sanders and Harris, eventually the Harris division was moved to a new facility in Dallas, Texas.

In 1986, Sanders Associates was bought by Lockheed Corporation and became Sanders, A Lockheed Company. Following the Lockheed/Martin Marietta merger in 1995, Sanders was merged into Lockheed Martin Aerospace Electronic Systems. In July 2000, Lockheed announced the sale of this group to BAE Systems for $1.67 billion. The company became BAE Systems Information & Electronic Warfare Systems (IEWS). In 2005, this was merged into the newly created BAE Systems Electronics & Integrated Solutions.

Video games
The first home video game console was developed at Sanders by a team headed by Ralph Baer in 1966. It became the Magnavox Odyssey.

title: Sanders Associates