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110th United States Congress

The 110th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, between January 3, 2007, and January 3, 2009, during the last two years of the Presidency of George W. Bush. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. census.

The Democratic Party won a majority in both chambers, giving them full control of Congress for the first time since the 103rd Congress in 1993, which was also the previous time they controlled the House.

Officially in the Senate, there were 49 Democrats, 49 Republicans, and two independents, but because both of the independents caucused with the Democrats, this gave the Democrats an operational majority. No Democratic-held seats had fallen to the Republican Party in the 2006 elections.

This is the most recent Congress to feature Republican senators from Minnesota (Norm Coleman), New Mexico (Pete Domenici) and Oregon (Gordon Smith), in which Domenici retired and the other two lost re-election at the end of the Congress.

Democrat Nancy Pelosi became the first female speaker of the House. The House also received the first Muslim (Keith Ellison) and Buddhist (Hank Johnson and Mazie Hirono) members of Congress.

Major events
Members debated initiatives such as the Democrats' 100-Hour Plan and the Iraq War troop surge of 2007.

Support for the Iraq War
Following President Bush's 2007 State of the Union Address, Congress debated his proposal to create a troop surge to increase security in Iraq. The House of Representatives passed a non-binding measure opposing the surge and then a $124 billion emergency spending measure to fund the war, which included language that dictated troop levels and withdrawal schedules. President Bush, however, vetoed the bill as promised, making this his second veto while in office. Both houses of Congress subsequently passed a bill funding the war without timelines, but with benchmarks for the Iraqi government and money for other spending projects like disaster relief.

Other events

 * January 23, 2007: President Bush delivered the 2007 State of the Union Address
 * August 2, 2007: The Republican minority disputed the results of a vote to recommit. This led to an investigation by the House Select Committee on Voting Irregularities.
 * December 18, 2007: The Senate set a record for the most cloture votes.
 * January 2008: Start of the Great Recession
 * January 28, 2008: President Bush delivered the 2008 State of the Union Address
 * September 15, 2008: The precipitation of global financial crisis intensifies a recession that began in January.
 * November 4, 2008: General elections - Democrats increased their congressional majorities and Senator Barack Obama was elected president.

Major legislation
These are partial lists of prominent enacted legislation and pending bills.

Enacted

 * February 2, 2007– House Page Board Revision Act of 2007, ,
 * May 25, 2007– U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007,, , including Title VIII: Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007,
 * June 14, 2007– Preserving United States Attorney Independence Act of 2007, ,
 * July 26, 2007– Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007, ,
 * August 3, 2007– Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, ,
 * August 5, 2007 — Protect America Act of 2007, ,
 * August 9, 2007 --- America COMPETES Act, Pub.L. 110-69
 * September 14, 2007– Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, ,
 * September 20, 2007 --- Native American $1 Coin Act, Pub.L. 110-82
 * September 27, 2007 --- Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-85
 * November 8, 2007– Water Resources Development Act of 2007,, (Veto overridden)
 * December 19, 2007– Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, ,
 * December 20, 2007 --- Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-142
 * December 31, 2007 --- OPEN Government Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-175
 * January 28, 2008 --- National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, Pub.L. 110-181
 * February 13, 2008 — Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, ,
 * April 9, 2008 --- Second Chance Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-199
 * April 24, 2008 --- Newborn Screening Saves Lives Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-204
 * May 8, 2008 --- Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-229
 * May 21, 2008– Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, ,
 * May 22, 2008– Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 (2007 Farm Bill),, (Veto overridden)
 * June 18, 2008 --- Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-246 (Veto overridden)
 * June 20, 2008 --- Federal Food Donation Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-247
 * June 30, 2008– Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008,, , including Title V: Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 ("G.I. Bill 2008")
 * July 10, 2008 — FISA Amendments Act of 2008, ,
 * July 15, 2008 --- Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-275 (Veto overridden)
 * July 29, 2008– Tom Lantos Block Burmese JADE (Junta's Anti-Democratic Efforts) Act of 2008, ,
 * July 29, 2008 --- Clean Boating Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-288
 * July 30, 2008– Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, ,
 * August 14, 2008 --- Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, Pub.L. 110-314
 * September 25, 2008 --- ADA Amendments Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-325
 * October 3, 2008 — Public Law 110-343, , including:
 * Div. A: Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, ;
 * Div. B: Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008; and
 * Div. C: Tax Extenders and Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008
 * October 7, 2008 --- Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-351
 * October 8. 2008 --- India-United States Civil Nuclear Agreement, Pub.L. 110-369
 * October 13, 2008 --- PRO-IP Act, Pub.L. 110-403
 * October 13, 2008 --- Drug Trafficking Vessel Interdiction Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-407
 * October 15, 2008 — : Setting the beginning of the first session of the 111th Congress and the date for counting Electoral College votes,
 * October 16, 2008 --- Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-432
 * December 2, 2008 --- Civil Rights Act of 1964 Commemorative Coin Act, Pub.L. 110-451
 * December 19, 2008 — : A Saxbe fix, reducing the compensation and other emoluments attached to the office of Secretary of State to that which was in effect on January 1, 2007: allowing Hillary Clinton to serve as Secretary of State despite the Ineligibility Clause of the United States Constitution.
 * December 23, 2008 --- America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-456
 * December 23, 2008 --- Short-term Analog Flash and Emergency Readiness Act, Pub.L. 110-459

More information: Public Laws for the 110th Congress and Complete index of Public and Private Laws for 110th Congress at GPO

Proposed, but not enacted

 * in (alphabetical order)
 * America's Climate Security Act of 2007
 * Auto Industry Financing and Restructuring Act
 * Community Broadband Bill
 * Community Choice Act
 * Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007
 * Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act
 * District of Columbia House Voting Rights Act of 2007
 * Employee Free Choice Act
 * Employment Non-Discrimination Act
 * Executive Branch Reform Act of 2007
 * FAIR USE Act
 * Family and Consumer Choice Act of 2007
 * Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act of 2007
 * Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007
 * Homeowner's Defense Act
 * IDEA Fairness Restoration Act
 * Internet Radio Equality Act
 * Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act of 2007
 * Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007
 * Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007
 * Medicare Prescription Drug Price Negotiation Act of 2007
 * New Energy Reform Act of 2008
 * No Oil Producing and Exporting Cartels Act
 * Patent Reform Act of 2007
 * Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2008
 * Public Safety Employer-Employee Cooperation Act of 2007
 * State Children's Health Insurance Program
 * State Secrets Protection Act
 * Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007

Vetoed

 * Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 (SCHIP, )
 * Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 (SCHIP, )
 * Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act
 * Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007
 * Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008

 * : an earlier version of National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008
 * : an earlier version of U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007

Treaties ratified

 * 110-1: Land-Based Sources Protocol to Cartagena Convention (September 25, 2008)
 * 110-2: Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks (December 7, 2007)
 * 110-3: Tax Convention with Belgium (December 14, 2007)
 * 110-4: International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (September 25, 2008)
 * 110-6: Amendment to Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (September 25, 2008)
 * 110-8: Protocols of 2005 to the Convention concerning Safety of Maritime Navigation and to the Protocol concerning Safety of Fixed Platforms on the Continental Shelf (September 25, 2008)
 * 110-9: Protocol of Amendments to Convention on International Hydrographic Organization (July 21, 2008)
 * 110-11: Extradition Treaty with Romania and Protocol to the Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters with Romania (September 23, 2008)
 * 110-12: Extradition Treaty with Bulgaria and an Agreement on Certain Aspects of Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters with Bulgaria (September 23, 2008)
 * 110-13: International Convention on Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships, 2001 (September 26, 2008)
 * 110-14: International Convention Against Doping in Sport (July 21, 2008)
 * 110-15: Protocol Amending 1980 Tax Convention with Canada (September 23, 2008)
 * 110-16: Amendments to the Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union (Geneva, 1992) (September 25, 2008)
 * 110-17: Tax Convention with Iceland (September 23, 2008)
 * 110-18: Tax Convention with Bulgaria with Proposed Protocol of Amendment (September 23, 2008)
 * 110-20: Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on Accession of Albania and Croatia (September 25, 2008)

Select committees

 * Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies
 * House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming
 * House Select Committee on the Voting Irregularities of August 2, 2007

Hearings

 * Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy hearings - (House and Senate Judiciary Committees)

Senate
Membership changed with one death and two resignations.

House of Representatives
Membership fluctuated with seven deaths and eight resignations. Democrats achieved a net gain of three seats as a result of their victories in special elections. See Changes in membership, below.

Senate

 * President: Dick Cheney (R)
 * President pro tempore: Robert Byrd (D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership

 * Majority Leader and Democratic Conference Chairman: Harry Reid
 * Assistant Majority Leader (Majority Whip): Dick Durbin
 * Democratic Conference Vice Chairman and Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Chuck Schumer
 * Democratic Conference Secretary: Patty Murray
 * Policy Committee Chairman: Byron Dorgan
 * Steering and Outreach Committee Chairwoman: Debbie Stabenow
 * Committee Outreach Chairman: Jeff Bingaman
 * Committee Outreach Vice Chairwoman: Hillary Clinton
 * Rural Outreach Chairwoman: Blanche Lincoln
 * Chief Deputy Whip: Barbara Boxer
 * Deputy Whips: Tom Carper, Bill Nelson, Russ Feingold

Minority (Republican) leadership

 * Minority Leader: Mitch McConnell
 * Assistant Minority Leader (Minority Whip): Trent Lott, until December 18, 2007
 * Jon Kyl, from December 18, 2007
 * Counselor to the Minority Leader: Bob Bennett
 * Republican Conference Chairman: Jon Kyl, until December 18, 2007
 * Lamar Alexander, from December 18, 2007
 * Policy Committee Chairman: Kay Bailey Hutchison
 * Republican Conference Vice Chairman: John Cornyn
 * National Republican Senatorial Committee Chairman: John Ensign
 * Chief Deputy Whip: John Thune

House of Representatives

 * Speaker: Nancy Pelosi (D)
 * Assistant to the Speaker: Xavier Becerra

Majority (Democratic) leadership

 * Majority Leader: Steny Hoyer
 * Majority Whip: Jim Clyburn
 * Senior Chief Deputy Majority Whip: John Lewis
 * Chief Deputy Majority Whips: Debbie Wasserman Schultz, G. K. Butterfield, Joseph Crowley, Diana DeGette, Ed Pastor, Jan Schakowsky, John S. Tanner, and Maxine Waters
 * Democratic Caucus Chairman: Rahm Emanuel
 * Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman: John Larson
 * Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Chris Van Hollen
 * Democratic Steering/Policy Committee Co-Chairs: Rosa DeLauro for Steering and George Miller for Policy

Minority (Republican) leadership

 * Minority Leader: John Boehner
 * Minority Whip: Roy Blunt
 * Chief Deputy Minority Whip: Eric Cantor
 * Republican Conference Chairman: Adam Putnam
 * Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Thad McCotter
 * Republican Conference Vice-Chair: Kay Granger
 * Republican Conference Secretary: John Carter
 * Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Tom Cole
 * Ranking Member of the House Rules Committee: David Dreier

Members

 * Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate
Senators are listed by state, then by class, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 2008; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 2010; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 2012.

Alabama

 * 2. Jeff Sessions (R)
 * 3. Richard Shelby (R)

Alaska

 * 2. Ted Stevens (R)
 * 3. Lisa Murkowski (R)

Arizona

 * 1. Jon Kyl (R)
 * 3. John McCain (R)

Arkansas

 * 2. Mark Pryor (D)
 * 3. Blanche Lincoln (D)

California

 * 1. Dianne Feinstein (D)
 * 3. Barbara Boxer (D)

Colorado

 * 2. Wayne Allard (R)
 * 3. Ken Salazar (D)

Connecticut

 * 1. Joe Lieberman (ID)
 * 3. Chris Dodd (D)

Delaware

 * 1. Tom Carper (D)
 * 2. Joe Biden (D)

Florida

 * 1. Bill Nelson (D)
 * 3. Mel Martinez (R)

Georgia

 * 2. Saxby Chambliss (R)
 * 3. Johnny Isakson (R)

Hawaii

 * 1. Daniel Akaka (D)
 * 3. Daniel Inouye (D)

Idaho

 * 2. Larry Craig (R)
 * 3. Mike Crapo (R)

Illinois

 * 2. Dick Durbin (D)
 * 3. Barack Obama (D), until November 16, 2008, vacant thereafter

Indiana

 * 1. Richard Lugar (R)
 * 3. Evan Bayh (D)

Iowa

 * 2. Tom Harkin (D)
 * 3. Chuck Grassley (R)

Kansas

 * 2. Pat Roberts (R)
 * 3. Sam Brownback (R)

Kentucky

 * 2. Mitch McConnell (R)
 * 3. Jim Bunning (R)

Louisiana

 * 2. Mary Landrieu (D)
 * 3. David Vitter (R)

Maine

 * 1. Olympia Snowe (R)
 * 2. Susan Collins (R)

Maryland

 * 1. Ben Cardin (D)
 * 3. Barbara Mikulski (D)

Massachusetts

 * 1. Ted Kennedy (D)
 * 2. John Kerry (D)

Michigan

 * 1. Debbie Stabenow (D)
 * 2. Carl Levin (D)

Minnesota

 * 1. Amy Klobuchar (DFL)
 * 2. Norm Coleman (R)

Mississippi

 * 1. Trent Lott (R), until December 18, 2007
 * Roger Wicker (R), from December 31, 2007
 * 2. Thad Cochran (R)

Missouri

 * 1. Claire McCaskill (D)
 * 3. Kit Bond (R)

Montana

 * 1. Jon Tester (D)
 * 2. Max Baucus (D)

Nebraska

 * 1. Ben Nelson (D)
 * 2. Chuck Hagel (R)

Nevada

 * 1. John Ensign (R)
 * 3. Harry Reid (D)

New Hampshire

 * 2. John E. Sununu (R)
 * 3. Judd Gregg (R)

New Jersey

 * 1. Bob Menendez (D)
 * 2. Frank Lautenberg (D)

New Mexico

 * 1. Jeff Bingaman (D)
 * 2. Pete Domenici (R)

New York

 * 1. Hillary Clinton (D)
 * 3. Chuck Schumer (D)

North Carolina

 * 2. Elizabeth Dole (R)
 * 3. Richard Burr (R)

North Dakota

 * 1. Kent Conrad (D-NPL)
 * 3. Byron Dorgan (D-NPL)

Ohio

 * 1. Sherrod Brown (D)
 * 3. George Voinovich (R)

Oklahoma

 * 2. Jim Inhofe (R)
 * 3. Tom Coburn (R)

Oregon

 * 2. Gordon H. Smith (R)
 * 3. Ron Wyden (D)

Pennsylvania

 * 1. Bob Casey Jr. (D)
 * 3. Arlen Specter (R)

Rhode Island

 * 1. Sheldon Whitehouse (D)
 * 2. Jack Reed (D)

South Carolina

 * 2. Lindsey Graham (R)
 * 3. Jim DeMint (R)

South Dakota

 * 2. Tim Johnson (D)
 * 3. John Thune (R)

Tennessee

 * 1. Bob Corker (R)
 * 2. Lamar Alexander (R)

Texas

 * 1. Kay Bailey Hutchison (R)
 * 2. John Cornyn (R)

Utah

 * 1. Orrin Hatch (R)
 * 3. Bob Bennett (R)

Vermont

 * 1. Bernie Sanders (I)
 * 3. Patrick Leahy (D)

Virginia

 * 1. Jim Webb (D)
 * 2. John Warner (R)

Washington

 * 1. Maria Cantwell (D)
 * 3. Patty Murray (D)

West Virginia

 * 1. Robert Byrd (D)
 * 2. Jay Rockefeller (D)

Wisconsin

 * 1. Herb Kohl (D)
 * 3. Russ Feingold (D)

Wyoming

 * 1. Craig Thomas (R), until June 4, 2007
 * John Barrasso (R), from June 22, 2007
 * 2. Mike Enzi (R)

Alabama

 * Alabama's 1st congressional district. Jo Bonner (R)
 * Alabama's 2nd congressional district. Terry Everett (R)
 * Alabama's 3rd congressional district. Mike D. Rogers (R)
 * Alabama's 4th congressional district. Robert Aderholt (R)
 * Alabama's 5th congressional district. Bud Cramer (D)
 * Alabama's 6th congressional district. Spencer Bachus (R)
 * Alabama's 7th congressional district. Artur Davis (D)

Alaska

 * Alaska's at-large congressional district. Don Young (R)

Arizona

 * Arizona's 1st congressional district. Rick Renzi (R)
 * Arizona's 2nd congressional district. Trent Franks (R)
 * Arizona's 3rd congressional district. John Shadegg (R)
 * Arizona's 4th congressional district. Ed Pastor (D)
 * Arizona's 5th congressional district. Harry Mitchell (D)
 * Arizona's 6th congressional district. Jeff Flake (R)
 * Arizona's 7th congressional district. Raúl Grijalva (D)
 * Arizona's 8th congressional district. Gabby Giffords (D)

Arkansas

 * Arkansas's 1st congressional district. Robert Marion Berry (D)
 * Arkansas's 2nd congressional district. Vic Snyder (D)
 * Arkansas's 3rd congressional district. John Boozman (R)
 * Arkansas's 4th congressional district. Mike Ross (D)

California

 * California's 1st congressional district. Mike Thompson (D)
 * California's 2nd congressional district. Wally Herger (R)
 * California's 3rd congressional district. Dan Lungren (R)
 * California's 4th congressional district. John Doolittle (R)
 * California's 5th congressional district. Doris Matsui (D)
 * California's 6th congressional district. Lynn Woolsey (D)
 * California's 7th congressional district. George Miller (D)
 * California's 8th congressional district. Nancy Pelosi (D)
 * California's 9th congressional district. Barbara Lee (D)
 * California's 10th congressional district. Ellen Tauscher (D)
 * California's 11th congressional district. Jerry McNerney (D)
 * California's 12th congressional district. Tom Lantos (D), until February 11, 2008
 * Jackie Speier (D), from April 8, 2008
 * California's 13th congressional district. Pete Stark (D)
 * California's 14th congressional district. Anna Eshoo (D)
 * California's 15th congressional district. Mike Honda (D)
 * California's 16th congressional district. Zoe Lofgren (D)
 * California's 17th congressional district. Sam Farr (D)
 * California's 18th congressional district. Dennis Cardoza (D)
 * California's 19th congressional district. George Radanovich (R)
 * California's 20th congressional district. Jim Costa (D)
 * California's 21st congressional district. Devin Nunes (R)
 * California's 22nd congressional district. Kevin McCarthy (R)
 * California's 23rd congressional district. Lois Capps (D)
 * California's 24th congressional district. Elton Gallegly (R)
 * California's 25th congressional district. Buck McKeon (R)
 * California's 26th congressional district. David Dreier (R)
 * California's 27th congressional district. Brad Sherman (D)
 * California's 28th congressional district. Howard Berman (D)
 * California's 29th congressional district. Adam Schiff (D)
 * California's 30th congressional district. Henry Waxman (D)
 * California's 31st congressional district. Xavier Becerra (D)
 * California's 32nd congressional district. Hilda Solis (D)
 * California's 33rd congressional district. Diane Watson (D)
 * California's 34th congressional district. Lucille Roybal-Allard (D)
 * California's 35th congressional district. Maxine Waters (D)
 * California's 36th congressional district. Jane Harman (D)
 * California's 37th congressional district. Juanita Millender-McDonald (D), until April 22, 2007
 * Laura Richardson (D), from August 21, 2007
 * California's 38th congressional district. Grace Napolitano (D)
 * California's 39th congressional district. Linda Sánchez (D)
 * California's 40th congressional district. Ed Royce (R)
 * California's 41st congressional district. Jerry Lewis (R)
 * California's 42nd congressional district. Gary Miller (R)
 * California's 43rd congressional district. Joe Baca (D)
 * California's 44th congressional district. Ken Calvert (R)
 * California's 45th congressional district. Mary Bono (R)
 * California's 46th congressional district. Dana Rohrabacher (R)
 * California's 47th congressional district. Loretta Sanchez (D)
 * California's 48th congressional district. John Campbell (R)
 * California's 49th congressional district. Darrell Issa (R)
 * California's 50th congressional district. Brian Bilbray (R)
 * California's 51st congressional district. Bob Filner (D)
 * California's 52nd congressional district. Duncan L. Hunter (R)
 * California's 53rd congressional district. Susan Davis (D)

Colorado

 * Colorado's 1st congressional district. Diana DeGette (D)
 * Colorado's 2nd congressional district. Mark Udall (D)
 * Colorado's 3rd congressional district. John Salazar (D)
 * Colorado's 4th congressional district. Marilyn Musgrave (R)
 * Colorado's 5th congressional district. Doug Lamborn (R)
 * Colorado's 6th congressional district. Tom Tancredo (R)
 * Colorado's 7th congressional district. Ed Perlmutter (D)

Connecticut

 * Connecticut's 1st congressional district. John Larson (D)
 * Connecticut's 2nd congressional district. Joe Courtney (D)
 * Connecticut's 3rd congressional district. Rosa DeLauro (D)
 * Connecticut's 4th congressional district. Chris Shays (R)
 * Connecticut's 5th congressional district. Chris Murphy (D)

Delaware

 * Delaware's at-large congressional district. Mike Castle (R)

Florida

 * Florida's 1st congressional district. Jeff Miller (R)
 * Florida's 2nd congressional district. Allen Boyd (D)
 * Florida's 3rd congressional district. Corrine Brown (D)
 * Florida's 4th congressional district. Ander Crenshaw (R)
 * Florida's 5th congressional district. Ginny Brown-Waite (R)
 * Florida's 6th congressional district. Cliff Stearns (R)
 * Florida's 7th congressional district. John Mica (R)
 * Florida's 8th congressional district. Ric Keller (R)
 * Florida's 9th congressional district. Gus Bilirakis (R)
 * Florida's 10th congressional district. Bill Young (R)
 * Florida's 11th congressional district. Kathy Castor (D)
 * Florida's 12th congressional district. Adam Putnam (R)
 * Florida's 13th congressional district. Vern Buchanan (R)
 * Florida's 14th congressional district. Connie Mack IV (R)
 * Florida's 15th congressional district. Dave Weldon (R)
 * Florida's 16th congressional district. Tim Mahoney (D)
 * Florida's 17th congressional district. Kendrick Meek (D)
 * Florida's 18th congressional district. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R)
 * Florida's 19th congressional district. Robert Wexler (D)
 * Florida's 20th congressional district. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D)
 * Florida's 21st congressional district. Lincoln Diaz-Balart (R)
 * Florida's 22nd congressional district. Ron Klein (D)
 * Florida's 23rd congressional district. Alcee Hastings (D)
 * Florida's 24th congressional district. Tom Feeney (R)
 * Florida's 25th congressional district. Mario Diaz-Balart (R)

Georgia

 * Georgia's 1st congressional district. Jack Kingston (R)
 * Georgia's 2nd congressional district. Sanford Bishop (D)
 * Georgia's 3rd congressional district. Lynn Westmoreland (R)
 * Georgia's 4th congressional district. Hank Johnson (D)
 * Georgia's 5th congressional district. John Lewis (D)
 * Georgia's 6th congressional district. Tom Price (R)
 * Georgia's 7th congressional district. John Linder (R)
 * Georgia's 8th congressional district. Jim Marshall (D)
 * Georgia's 9th congressional district. Nathan Deal (R)
 * Georgia's 10th congressional district. Charlie Norwood (R), until February 13, 2007
 * Paul Broun (R), from July 17, 2007
 * Georgia's 11th congressional district. Phil Gingrey (R)
 * Georgia's 12th congressional district. John Barrow (D)
 * Georgia's 13th congressional district. David Scott (D)

Hawaii

 * Hawaii's 1st congressional district. Neil Abercrombie (D)
 * Hawaii's 2nd congressional district. Mazie Hirono (D)

Idaho

 * Idaho's 1st congressional district. Bill Sali (R)
 * Idaho's 2nd congressional district. Mike Simpson (R)

Illinois

 * Illinois's 1st congressional district. Bobby Rush (D)
 * Illinois's 2nd congressional district. Jesse Jackson Jr. (D)
 * Illinois's 3rd congressional district. Dan Lipinski (D)
 * Illinois's 4th congressional district. Luis Gutiérrez (D)
 * Illinois's 5th congressional district. Rahm Emanuel (D), until January 2, 2009, vacant thereafter
 * Illinois's 6th congressional district. Peter Roskam (R)
 * Illinois's 7th congressional district. Danny K. Davis (D)
 * Illinois's 8th congressional district. Melissa Bean (D)
 * Illinois's 9th congressional district. Jan Schakowsky (D)
 * Illinois's 10th congressional district. Mark Kirk (R)
 * Illinois's 11th congressional district. Jerry Weller (R)
 * Illinois's 12th congressional district. Jerry Costello (D)
 * Illinois's 13th congressional district. Judy Biggert (R)
 * Illinois's 14th congressional district. Dennis Hastert (R), until November 26, 2007
 * Bill Foster (D), from March 8, 2008
 * Illinois's 15th congressional district. Timothy V. Johnson (R)
 * Illinois's 16th congressional district. Don Manzullo (R)
 * Illinois's 17th congressional district. Philip Hare (D)
 * Illinois's 18th congressional district. Ray LaHood (R)
 * Illinois's 19th congressional district. John Shimkus (R)

Indiana

 * Indiana's 1st congressional district. Pete Visclosky (D)
 * Indiana's 2nd congressional district. Joe Donnelly (D)
 * Indiana's 3rd congressional district. Mark Souder (R)
 * Indiana's 4th congressional district. Steve Buyer (R)
 * Indiana's 5th congressional district. Dan Burton (R)
 * Indiana's 6th congressional district. Mike Pence (R)
 * Indiana's 7th congressional district. Julia Carson (D), until December 15, 2007
 * André Carson (D), from March 11, 2008
 * Indiana's 8th congressional district. Brad Ellsworth (D)
 * Indiana's 9th congressional district. Baron Hill (D)

Iowa

 * Iowa's 1st congressional district. Bruce Braley (D)
 * Iowa's 2nd congressional district. David Loebsack (D)
 * Iowa's 3rd congressional district. Leonard Boswell (D)
 * Iowa's 4th congressional district. Tom Latham (R)
 * Iowa's 5th congressional district. Steve King (R)

Kansas

 * Kansas's 1st congressional district. Jerry Moran (R)
 * Kansas's 2nd congressional district. Nancy Boyda (D)
 * Kansas's 3rd congressional district. Dennis Moore (D)
 * Kansas's 4th congressional district. Todd Tiahrt (R)

Kentucky

 * Kentucky's 1st congressional district. Ed Whitfield (R)
 * Kentucky's 2nd congressional district. Ron Lewis (R)
 * Kentucky's 3rd congressional district. John Yarmuth (D)
 * Kentucky's 4th congressional district. Geoff Davis (R)
 * Kentucky's 5th congressional district. Hal Rogers (R)
 * Kentucky's 6th congressional district. Ben Chandler (D)

Louisiana

 * Louisiana's 1st congressional district. Bobby Jindal (R), until January 14, 2008
 * Steve Scalise (R), from May 3, 2008
 * Louisiana's 2nd congressional district. William J. Jefferson (D)
 * Louisiana's 3rd congressional district. Charlie Melançon (D)
 * Louisiana's 4th congressional district. Jim McCrery (R)
 * Louisiana's 5th congressional district. Rodney Alexander (R)
 * Louisiana's 6th congressional district. Richard Baker (R), until February 2, 2008
 * Don Cazayoux (D), from May 3, 2008
 * Louisiana's 7th congressional district. Charles Boustany (R)

Maine

 * Maine's 1st congressional district. Tom Allen (D)
 * Maine's 2nd congressional district. Mike Michaud (D)

Maryland

 * Maryland's 1st congressional district. Wayne Gilchrest (R)
 * Maryland's 2nd congressional district. Dutch Ruppersberger (D)
 * Maryland's 3rd congressional district. John Sarbanes (D)
 * Maryland's 4th congressional district. Albert Wynn (D), until May 31, 2008
 * Donna Edwards (D), from June 17, 2008
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. Steny Hoyer (D)
 * Maryland's 6th congressional district. Roscoe Bartlett (R)
 * Maryland's 7th congressional district. Elijah Cummings (D)
 * Maryland's 8th congressional district. Chris Van Hollen (D)

Massachusetts

 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district. John Olver (D)
 * Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district. Richard Neal (D)
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district. Jim McGovern (D)
 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. Barney Frank (D)
 * Massachusetts's 5th congressional district. Marty Meehan (D), until July 1, 2007
 * Niki Tsongas (D), from October 16, 2007
 * Massachusetts's 6th congressional district. John F. Tierney (D)
 * Massachusetts's 7th congressional district. Ed Markey (D)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district. Mike Capuano (D)
 * Massachusetts's 9th congressional district. Stephen Lynch (D)
 * Massachusetts's 10th congressional district. Bill Delahunt (D)

Michigan

 * Michigan's 1st congressional district. Bart Stupak (D)
 * Michigan's 2nd congressional district. Peter Hoekstra (R)
 * Michigan's 3rd congressional district. Vern Ehlers (R)
 * Michigan's 4th congressional district. Dave Camp (R)
 * Michigan's 5th congressional district. Dale Kildee (D)
 * Michigan's 6th congressional district. Fred Upton (R)
 * Michigan's 7th congressional district. Tim Walberg (R)
 * Michigan's 8th congressional district. Mike Rogers (R)
 * Michigan's 9th congressional district. Joe Knollenberg (R)
 * Michigan's 10th congressional district. Candice Miller (R)
 * Michigan's 11th congressional district. Thaddeus McCotter (R)
 * Michigan's 12th congressional district. Sander Levin (D)
 * Michigan's 13th congressional district. Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick (D)
 * Michigan's 14th congressional district. John Conyers (D)
 * Michigan's 15th congressional district. John Dingell (D)

Minnesota

 * Minnesota's 1st congressional district. Tim Walz (DFL)
 * Minnesota's 2nd congressional district. John Kline (R)
 * Minnesota's 3rd congressional district. Jim Ramstad (R)
 * Minnesota's 4th congressional district. Betty McCollum (DFL)
 * Minnesota's 5th congressional district. Keith Ellison (DFL)
 * Minnesota's 6th congressional district. Michele Bachmann (R)
 * Minnesota's 7th congressional district. Collin Peterson (DFL)
 * Minnesota's 8th congressional district. Jim Oberstar (DFL)

Mississippi

 * Mississippi's 1st congressional district. Roger Wicker (R), until December 31, 2007
 * Travis Childers (D), from May 13, 2008
 * Mississippi's 2nd congressional district. Bennie Thompson (D)
 * Mississippi's 3rd congressional district. Chip Pickering (R)
 * Mississippi's 4th congressional district. Gene Taylor (D)

Missouri

 * Missouri's 1st congressional district. Lacy Clay (D)
 * Missouri's 2nd congressional district. Todd Akin (R)
 * Missouri's 3rd congressional district. Russ Carnahan (D)
 * Missouri's 4th congressional district. Ike Skelton (D)
 * Missouri's 5th congressional district. Emanuel Cleaver (D)
 * Missouri's 6th congressional district. Sam Graves (R)
 * Missouri's 7th congressional district. Roy Blunt (R)
 * Missouri's 8th congressional district. Jo Ann Emerson (R)
 * Missouri's 9th congressional district. Kenny Hulshof (R)

Montana

 * Montana's at-large congressional district. Denny Rehberg (R)

Nebraska

 * Nebraska's 1st congressional district. Jeff Fortenberry (R)
 * Nebraska's 2nd congressional district. Lee Terry (R)
 * Nebraska's 3rd congressional district. Adrian Smith (R)

Nevada

 * Nevada's 1st congressional district. Shelley Berkley (D)
 * Nevada's 2nd congressional district. Dean Heller (R)
 * Nevada's 3rd congressional district. Jon Porter (R)

New Hampshire

 * New Hampshire's 1st congressional district. Carol Shea-Porter (D)
 * New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district. Paul Hodes (D)

New Jersey

 * New Jersey's 1st congressional district. Rob Andrews (D)
 * New Jersey's 2nd congressional district. Frank LoBiondo (R)
 * New Jersey's 3rd congressional district. Jim Saxton (R)
 * New Jersey's 4th congressional district. Chris Smith (R)
 * New Jersey's 5th congressional district. Scott Garrett (R)
 * New Jersey's 6th congressional district. Frank Pallone (D)
 * New Jersey's 7th congressional district. Mike Ferguson (R)
 * New Jersey's 8th congressional district. Bill Pascrell (D)
 * New Jersey's 9th congressional district. Steve Rothman (D)
 * New Jersey's 10th congressional district. Donald M. Payne (D)
 * New Jersey's 11th congressional district. Rodney Frelinghuysen (R)
 * New Jersey's 12th congressional district. Rush Holt Jr. (D)
 * New Jersey's 13th congressional district. Albio Sires (D)

New Mexico

 * New Mexico's 1st congressional district. Heather Wilson (R)
 * New Mexico's 2nd congressional district. Steve Pearce (R)
 * New Mexico's 3rd congressional district. Tom Udall (D)

New York

 * New York's 1st congressional district. Tim Bishop (D)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district. Steve Israel (D)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district. Peter T. King (R)
 * New York's 4th congressional district. Carolyn McCarthy (D)
 * New York's 5th congressional district. Gary Ackerman (D)
 * New York's 6th congressional district. Gregory Meeks (D)
 * New York's 7th congressional district. Joe Crowley (D)
 * New York's 8th congressional district. Jerry Nadler (D)
 * New York's 9th congressional district. Anthony Weiner (D)
 * New York's 10th congressional district. Edolphus Towns (D)
 * New York's 11th congressional district. Yvette Clarke (D)
 * New York's 12th congressional district. Nydia Velázquez (D)
 * New York's 13th congressional district. Vito Fossella (R)
 * New York's 14th congressional district. Carolyn Maloney (D)
 * New York's 15th congressional district. Charles Rangel (D)
 * New York's 16th congressional district. José E. Serrano (D)
 * New York's 17th congressional district. Eliot Engel (D)
 * New York's 18th congressional district. Nita Lowey (D)
 * New York's 19th congressional district. John Hall (D)
 * New York's 20th congressional district. Kirsten Gillibrand (D)
 * New York's 21st congressional district. Michael R. McNulty (D)
 * New York's 22nd congressional district. Maurice Hinchey (D)
 * New York's 23rd congressional district. John M. McHugh (R)
 * New York's 24th congressional district. Michael Arcuri (D)
 * New York's 25th congressional district. James T. Walsh (R)
 * New York's 26th congressional district. Thomas M. Reynolds (R)
 * New York's 27th congressional district. Brian Higgins (D)
 * New York's 28th congressional district. Louise Slaughter (D)
 * New York's 29th congressional district. Randy Kuhl (R)

North Carolina

 * North Carolina's 1st congressional district. G. K. Butterfield (D)
 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Bob Etheridge (D)
 * North Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Walter B. Jones (R)
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district. David Price (D)
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district. Virginia Foxx (R)
 * North Carolina's 6th congressional district. Howard Coble (R)
 * North Carolina's 7th congressional district. Mike McIntyre (D)
 * North Carolina's 8th congressional district. Robin Hayes (R)
 * North Carolina's 9th congressional district. Sue Wilkins Myrick (R)
 * North Carolina's 10th congressional district. Patrick McHenry (R)
 * North Carolina's 11th congressional district. Heath Shuler (D)
 * North Carolina's 12th congressional district. Mel Watt (D)
 * North Carolina's 13th congressional district. Brad Miller (D)

North Dakota

 * North Dakota's at-large congressional district. Earl Pomeroy (D-NPL)

Ohio

 * Ohio's 1st congressional district. Steve Chabot (R)
 * Ohio's 2nd congressional district. Jean Schmidt (R)
 * Ohio's 3rd congressional district. Mike Turner (R)
 * Ohio's 4th congressional district. Jim Jordan (R)
 * Ohio's 5th congressional district. Paul Gillmor (R), until September 5, 2007
 * Bob Latta (R), from December 11, 2007
 * Ohio's 6th congressional district. Charlie Wilson (D)
 * Ohio's 7th congressional district. Dave Hobson (R)
 * Ohio's 8th congressional district. John A. Boehner (R)
 * Ohio's 9th congressional district. Marcy Kaptur (D)
 * Ohio's 10th congressional district. Dennis Kucinich (D)
 * Ohio's 11th congressional district. Stephanie Tubbs Jones (D), until August 20, 2008
 * Marcia Fudge (D), from November 18, 2008
 * Ohio's 12th congressional district. Pat Tiberi (R)
 * Ohio's 13th congressional district. Betty Sutton (D)
 * Ohio's 14th congressional district. Steve LaTourette (R)
 * Ohio's 15th congressional district. Deborah Pryce (R)
 * Ohio's 16th congressional district. Ralph Regula (R)
 * Ohio's 17th congressional district. Tim Ryan (D)
 * Ohio's 18th congressional district. Zack Space (D)

Oklahoma

 * Oklahoma's 1st congressional district. John Sullivan (R)
 * Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district. Dan Boren (D)
 * Oklahoma's 3rd congressional district. Frank Lucas (R)
 * Oklahoma's 4th congressional district. Tom Cole (R)
 * Oklahoma's 5th congressional district. Mary Fallin (R)

Oregon

 * Oregon's 1st congressional district. David Wu (D)
 * Oregon's 2nd congressional district. Greg Walden (R)
 * Oregon's 3rd congressional district. Earl Blumenauer (D)
 * Oregon's 4th congressional district. Peter DeFazio (D)
 * Oregon's 5th congressional district. Darlene Hooley (D)

Pennsylvania

 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Bob Brady (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. Chaka Fattah (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. Phil English (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. Jason Altmire (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district. John E. Peterson (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district. Jim Gerlach (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. Joe Sestak (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district. Patrick Murphy (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district. Bill Shuster (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district. Chris Carney (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district. Paul E. Kanjorski (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district. John Murtha (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district. Allyson Schwartz (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district. Michael F. Doyle (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district. Charlie Dent (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district. Joseph R. Pitts (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district. Tim Holden (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district. Tim Murphy (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 19th congressional district. Todd Platts (R)

Rhode Island

 * Rhode Island's 1st congressional district. Patrick J. Kennedy (D)
 * Rhode Island's 2nd congressional district. James Langevin (D)

South Carolina

 * South Carolina's 1st congressional district. Henry E. Brown Jr. (R)
 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Joe Wilson (R)
 * South Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Gresham Barrett (R)
 * South Carolina's 4th congressional district. Bob Inglis (R)
 * South Carolina's 5th congressional district. John Spratt (D)
 * South Carolina's 6th congressional district. Jim Clyburn (D)

South Dakota

 * South Dakota's at-large congressional district. Stephanie Herseth Sandlin (D)

Tennessee

 * Tennessee's 1st congressional district. David Davis (R)
 * Tennessee's 2nd congressional district. Jimmy Duncan (R)
 * Tennessee's 3rd congressional district. Zach Wamp (R)
 * Tennessee's 4th congressional district. Lincoln Davis (D)
 * Tennessee's 5th congressional district. Jim Cooper (D)
 * Tennessee's 6th congressional district. Bart Gordon (D)
 * Tennessee's 7th congressional district. Marsha Blackburn (R)
 * Tennessee's 8th congressional district. John S. Tanner (D)
 * Tennessee's 9th congressional district. Steve Cohen (D)

Texas

 * Texas's 1st congressional district. Louie Gohmert (R)
 * Texas's 2nd congressional district. Ted Poe (R)
 * Texas's 3rd congressional district. Sam Johnson (R)
 * Texas's 4th congressional district. Ralph Hall (R)
 * Texas's 5th congressional district. Jeb Hensarling (R)
 * Texas's 6th congressional district. Joe Barton (R)
 * Texas's 7th congressional district. John Culberson (R)
 * Texas's 8th congressional district. Kevin Brady (R)
 * Texas's 9th congressional district. Al Green (D)
 * Texas's 10th congressional district. Michael McCaul (R)
 * Texas's 11th congressional district. Mike Conaway (R)
 * Texas's 12th congressional district. Kay Granger (R)
 * Texas's 13th congressional district. Mac Thornberry (R)
 * Texas's 14th congressional district. Ron Paul (R)
 * Texas's 15th congressional district. Rubén Hinojosa (D)
 * Texas's 16th congressional district. Silvestre Reyes (D)
 * Texas's 17th congressional district. Chet Edwards (D)
 * Texas's 18th congressional district. Sheila Jackson-Lee (D)
 * Texas's 19th congressional district. Randy Neugebauer (R)
 * Texas's 20th congressional district. Charlie Gonzalez (D)
 * Texas's 21st congressional district. Lamar S. Smith (R)
 * Texas's 22nd congressional district. Nick Lampson (D)
 * Texas's 23rd congressional district. Ciro Rodriguez (D)
 * Texas's 24th congressional district. Kenny Marchant (R)
 * Texas's 25th congressional district. Lloyd Doggett (D)
 * Texas's 26th congressional district. Michael C. Burgess (R)
 * Texas's 27th congressional district. Solomon P. Ortiz (D)
 * Texas's 28th congressional district. Henry Cuellar (D)
 * Texas's 29th congressional district. Gene Green (D)
 * Texas's 30th congressional district. Eddie Bernice Johnson (D)
 * Texas's 31st congressional district. John Carter (R)
 * Texas's 32nd congressional district. Pete Sessions (R)

Utah

 * Utah's 1st congressional district. Rob Bishop (R)
 * Utah's 2nd congressional district. Jim Matheson (D)
 * Utah's 3rd congressional district. Chris Cannon (R)

Vermont

 * Vermont's at-large congressional district. Peter Welch (D)

Virginia

 * Virginia's 1st congressional district. Jo Ann Davis (R), until October 6, 2007
 * Rob Wittman (R), from December 11, 2007
 * Virginia's 2nd congressional district. Thelma Drake (R)
 * Virginia's 3rd congressional district. Robert C. Scott (D)
 * Virginia's 4th congressional district. Randy Forbes (R)
 * Virginia's 5th congressional district. Virgil Goode (R)
 * Virginia's 6th congressional district. Bob Goodlatte (R)
 * Virginia's 7th congressional district. Eric Cantor (R)
 * Virginia's 8th congressional district. Jim Moran (D)
 * Virginia's 9th congressional district. Rick Boucher (D)
 * Virginia's 10th congressional district. Frank Wolf (R)
 * Virginia's 11th congressional district. Tom Davis (R), until November 24, 2008, vacant thereafter

Washington

 * Washington's 1st congressional district. Jay Inslee (D)
 * Washington's 2nd congressional district. Rick Larsen (D)
 * Washington's 3rd congressional district. Brian Baird (D)
 * Washington's 4th congressional district. Doc Hastings (R)
 * Washington's 5th congressional district. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R)
 * Washington's 6th congressional district. Norm Dicks (D)
 * Washington's 7th congressional district. Jim McDermott (D)
 * Washington's 8th congressional district. Dave Reichert (R)
 * Washington's 9th congressional district. Adam Smith (D)

West Virginia

 * West Virginia's 1st congressional district. Alan Mollohan (D)
 * West Virginia's 2nd congressional district. Shelley Moore Capito (R)
 * West Virginia's 3rd congressional district. Nick Rahall (D)

Wisconsin

 * Wisconsin's 1st congressional district. Paul Ryan (R)
 * Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district. Tammy Baldwin (D)
 * Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district. Ron Kind (D)
 * Wisconsin's 4th congressional district. Gwen Moore (D)
 * Wisconsin's 5th congressional district. Jim Sensenbrenner (R)
 * Wisconsin's 6th congressional district. Tom Petri (R)
 * Wisconsin's 7th congressional district. Dave Obey (D)
 * Wisconsin's 8th congressional district. Steve Kagen (D)

Wyoming

 * Wyoming's at-large congressional district. Barbara Cubin (R)

Non-voting members

 * American Samoa's at-large congressional district. Eni Faleomavaega (D)
 * District of Columbia's at-large congressional district. Eleanor Holmes Norton (D)
 * Guam's at-large congressional district. Madeleine Bordallo (D)
 * Puerto Rico's at-large congressional district. Luis G. Fortuño (Resident Commissioner) (R/PNP), until January 2, 2009, vacant thereafter
 * United States Virgin Islands's at-large congressional district. Donna Christian-Christensen (D)

Senate
There were two resignations and one death.

 * Wyoming (1)
 * | Craig Thomas (R)
 * Died June 4, 2007. Successor appointed June 22, 2007, and then elected to finish the term ending January 3, 2013.
 * | John Barrasso (R)
 * June 22, 2007
 * June 22, 2007

 * Mississippi (1)
 * | Trent Lott (R)
 * Resigned December 18, 2007. Successor appointed December 31, 2007, and then elected to finish the term ending January 3, 2013.
 * | Roger Wicker (R)
 * December 31, 2007
 * December 31, 2007

 * Illinois (3)
 * | Barack Obama (D)
 * Resigned November 16, 2008, after being elected President of the United States, to focus on his presidential transition as President-elect of the United States.
 * colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress.
 * colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress.

 * }

House of Representatives

 * Georgia 10th
 * | Charlie Norwood (R)
 * Died February 13, 2007. A special election was held June 19, 2007.
 * | Paul Broun (R)
 * July 17, 2007
 * July 17, 2007

 * California 37th
 * | Juanita Millender-McDonald (D)
 * Died April 22, 2007. A special election was held August 21, 2007.
 * | Laura Richardson (D)
 * August 21, 2007
 * August 21, 2007

 * Massachusetts 5th
 * | Marty Meehan (D)
 * Resigned July 1, 2007, to become Chancellor of University of Massachusetts Lowell. A special election was held October 16, 2007.
 * | Niki Tsongas (D)
 * October 16, 2007
 * October 16, 2007

 * Ohio 5th
 * | Paul Gillmor (R)
 * Died September 5, 2007. A special election was held November 6, 2007.
 * | Bob Latta (R)
 * December 11, 2007
 * December 11, 2007

 * Virginia 1st
 * | Jo Ann Davis (R)
 * Died October 6, 2007. A special election was held December 11, 2007.
 * | Rob Wittman (R)
 * December 11, 2007
 * December 11, 2007

 * Illinois 14th
 * | Dennis Hastert (R)
 * Resigned November 26, 2007. A special election was held March 8, 2008.
 * | Bill Foster (D)
 * March 8, 2008
 * March 8, 2008

 * Indiana 7th
 * | Julia Carson (D)
 * Died December 15, 2007. A special election was held March 11, 2008.
 * | André Carson (D)
 * March 11, 2008
 * March 11, 2008

 * Mississippi 1st
 * | Roger Wicker (R)
 * Resigned December 31, 2007, when appointed U.S. Senator. A special election was held May 13, 2008.
 * | Travis Childers (D)
 * May 13, 2008
 * May 13, 2008

 * Louisiana 1st
 * | Bobby Jindal (R)
 * Resigned January 14, 2008, to become Governor of Louisiana. A special election was held May 3, 2008.
 * | Steve Scalise (R)
 * May 3, 2008
 * May 3, 2008

 * Louisiana 6th
 * | Richard Baker (R)
 * Resigned February 2, 2008, to become President of the Managed Funds Association. A special election was held May 3, 2008.
 * | Don Cazayoux (D)
 * May 3, 2008
 * May 3, 2008

 * California 12th
 * | Tom Lantos (D)
 * Died February 11, 2008. A special election was held April 8, 2008.
 * | Jackie Speier (D)
 * April 8, 2008
 * April 8, 2008

 * Maryland 4th
 * | Albert Wynn (D)
 * Resigned May 31, 2008, having lost re-nomination. A special election was held June 17, 2008.
 * | Donna Edwards (D)
 * June 17, 2008
 * June 17, 2008

 * Ohio 11th
 * | Stephanie Tubbs Jones (D)
 * Died August 20, 2008. A special election was held November 18, 2008.
 * | Marcia Fudge (D)
 * November 18, 2008
 * November 18, 2008

 * Virginia 11th
 * | Thomas M. Davis (R)
 * Resigned November 24, 2008, in advance of his retirement. Seat remained vacant for the remainder of this Congress.
 * colspan=2 rowspan=3 | None.
 * colspan=2 rowspan=3 | None.

 * Illinois 5th
 * | Rahm Emanuel (D)
 * Resigned January 2, 2009, to become White House Chief of Staff. Seat remained vacant for the remainder of this Congress.
 * Resigned January 2, 2009, to become White House Chief of Staff. Seat remained vacant for the remainder of this Congress.

 * Puerto Rico At-large
 * | Luis Fortuño (R/PNP)
 * Resigned January 2, 2009, to become Governor of Puerto Rico. Seat remained vacant for the remainder of this Congress.
 * Resigned January 2, 2009, to become Governor of Puerto Rico. Seat remained vacant for the remainder of this Congress.

 * }

Senate

 * Aging (Special) (Herb Kohl, Chair; Gordon H. Smith, Vice Chair)
 * Agriculture (Tom Harkin, Chair; Saxby Chambliss, Ranking Member)
 * Domestic and Foreign Marketing, Inspection, and Plant and Animal Health (Max Baucus, Chair; Lindsey Graham, Ranking Member)
 * Energy, Science and Technology (Kent Conrad, Chair; John Thune, Ranking Member)
 * Nutrition and Food Assistance, Sustainable and Organic Agriculture and General Legislation (Patrick Leahy, Chair; Norm Coleman, Ranking Member)
 * Production, Income Protection and Price Support (Blanche L. Lincoln, Chair; Pat Roberts, Ranking Member)
 * Rural Revitalization, Conservation, Forestry and Credit (Debbie Stabenow, Chair; Mike Crapo, Ranking Member)
 * Appropriations (Robert C. Byrd, Chair; Thad Cochran, Ranking Member)
 * Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies (Herb Kohl, Chair; Robert F. Bennett, Ranking Member)
 * Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (Barbara A. Mikulski, Chair; Richard C. Shelby, Ranking Member)
 * Defense (Daniel Inouye, Chair; Ted Stevens, Ranking Member)
 * Energy and Water Development (Byron L. Dorgan, Chair; Pete Domenici, Ranking Member)
 * Financial Services and General Government (Dick Durbin, Chair; Sam Brownback, Ranking Member)
 * Homeland Security (Robert C. Byrd, Chair; Thad Cochran, Ranking Member)
 * Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies (Dianne Feinstein, Chair; Larry E. Craig, Ranking Member)
 * Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies (Tom Harkin, Chair; Arlen Specter, Ranking Member)
 * Legislative Branch (Mary Landrieu, Chair; Wayne Allard, Ranking Member)
 * Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies (Tim Johnson, Chair; Kay Hutchison, Ranking Member)
 * State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (Patrick Leahy, Chair; Judd Gregg, Ranking Member)
 * Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (Patty Murray, Chair; Kit Bond, Ranking Member)
 * Armed Services (Carl Levin, Chair; John McCain, Ranking Member)
 * Airland (Joe Lieberman, Chair; John Cornyn, Ranking Member)
 * Emerging Threats and Capabilities (Jack Reed, Chair; Elizabeth Dole, Ranking Member)
 * Personnel (Ben Nelson, Chair; Lindsey Graham, Ranking Member)
 * Readiness and Management Support (Daniel Akaka, Chair; John Ensign, Ranking Member)
 * SeaPower (Edward Kennedy, Chair; John Thune, Ranking Member)
 * Strategic Forces (Bill Nelson, Chair; Jeff Sessions, Ranking Member)
 * Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs (Chris Dodd, Chair; Richard C. Shelby, Ranking Member)
 * Economic Policy (Tom Carper, Chair; Jim Bunning, Ranking Member)
 * Financial Institutions (Tim Johnson, Chair; Chuck Hagel, Ranking Member)
 * Housing, Transportation, and Community Development (Chuck Schumer, Chair; Mike Crapo, Ranking Member)
 * Securities, Insurance, and Investment (Jack Reed, Chair; Wayne Allard, Ranking Member)
 * Security and International Trade and Finance (Evan Bayh, Chair; Mel Martinez, Ranking Member)
 * Budget (Kent Conrad, Chair; Judd Gregg, Ranking Member)
 * Commerce, Science and Transportation (Daniel Inouye, Chair; Ted Stevens, Vice Chair)
 * Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security (John D. Rockefeller IV, Chair; Trent Lott, Ranking Member)
 * Consumer Affairs, Insurance, and Automotive Safety (Mark Pryor, Chair; John Sununu, Ranking Member)
 * Interstate Commerce, Trade, and Tourism (Byron Dorgan, Chair; Jim DeMint, Ranking Member)
 * Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard (Maria Cantwell, Chair; Olympia Snowe, Ranking Member)
 * Science, Technology and Innovation (John Kerry, Chair; John Ensign, Ranking Member)
 * Space, Aeronautics, and Related Sciences (Bill Nelson, Chair; Kay Bailey Hutchison, Ranking Member)
 * Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security (Frank Lautenberg, Chair; Gordon H. Smith, Ranking Member)
 * Energy and Natural Resources (Jeff Bingaman, Chair; Pete Domenici, Ranking Member)
 * Energy (Byron Dorgan, Chair; Lisa Murkowski, Ranking Member)
 * National Parks (Daniel Akaka, Chair; Lisa Murkowski, Ranking Member)
 * Public Lands and Forests (Ron Wyden, Chair; Richard Burr, Ranking Member)
 * Water and Power (Tim Johnson, Chair; Bob Corker, Ranking Member)
 * Environment and Public Works (Barbara Boxer, Chair; James M. Inhofe, Ranking Member)
 * Clean Air and Nuclear Safety (Tom Carper, Chair; George Voinovich, Ranking Member)
 * Public Sector Solutions to Global Warning, Oversight and Children's Health Protection (Joe Lieberman, Chair; John Warner, Ranking Member)
 * Private Sector and Consumer Solutions to Global Warming and Wildlife Protection (Barbara Boxer, Chair; Lamar Alexander, Ranking Member)
 * Superfund and Environmental Health (Hillary Clinton, Chair; Larry E. Craig, Ranking Member)
 * Transportation and Infrastructure (Max Baucus, Chair; Johnny Isakson, Ranking Member)
 * Transportation Safety, Infrastructure Security and Water Quality (Frank Lautenberg, Chair; David Vitter, Ranking Member)
 * Select Committee on Ethics (Barbara Boxer, Chair; John Cornyn, Ranking Member)
 * Finance (Max Baucus, Chair; Chuck Grassley, Ranking Member)
 * Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure (Jeff Bingaman, Chair; Gordon H. Smith, Ranking Member)
 * Health Care (John D. Rockefeller IV, Chair; Orrin Hatch, Ranking Member)
 * International Trade and Global Competitiveness (Blanche Lincoln, Chair; Gordon H. Smith, Ranking Member)
 * Social Security, Pensions, and Family Policy (John Kerry, Chair; Jim Bunning, Ranking Member)
 * Taxation, IRS Oversight, and Long-Term Growth (Kent Conrad, Chair; Jon Kyl, Ranking Member)
 * Foreign Relations (Joe Biden, Chair; Richard Lugar, Ranking Member)
 * African Affairs (Russ Feingold, Chair; John E. Sununu, Ranking Member)
 * East Asian and Pacific Affairs (Barbara Boxer, Chair; Lisa Murkowski, Ranking Member)
 * European Affairs (Barack Obama, Chair; Jim DeMint, Ranking Member)
 * International Development and Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs, and International Environmental Protection (Bob Menendez, Chair; Chuck Hagel, Ranking Member)
 * International Operations and Organizations, Democracy and Human Rights (Bill Nelson, Chair; David Vitter, Ranking Member)
 * Near Eastern and South and Central Asian Affairs (John Kerry, Chair; Norm Coleman, Ranking Member)
 * Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps and Narcotics Affairs (Chris Dodd, Chair; Bob Corker, Ranking Member)
 * Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (Edward Kennedy, Chair; Mike Enzi, Ranking Member)
 * Children and Families (Chris Dodd, Chair; Lamar Alexander, Ranking Member)
 * Employment and Workplace Safety (Patty Murray, Chair; Johnny Isakson, Ranking Member)
 * Retirement and Aging (Barbara Mikulski, Chair; Richard Burr, Ranking Member)
 * Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (Joe Lieberman, Chair; Susan Collins, Ranking Member)
 * Contracting Oversight (Ad Hoc)
 * (Disaster Recovery (Ad Hoc)
 * Federal Financial Management, Government Information and International Security (Tom Carper, Chair; Tom Coburn, Ranking Member)
 * Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce and the District of Columbia (Daniel Akaka, Chair; George Voinovich, Ranking Member)
 * Investigations (Permanent) (Carl Levin, Chair; Norm Coleman, Ranking Member)
 * Disaster Recovery (Ad Hoc) (Mary Landrieu, Chair; Ted Stevens, Ranking Member)
 * State, Local, and Private Sector Preparedness and Integration (Ad Hoc) (Mark Pryor, Chair; John E. Sununu, Ranking Member)
 * Indian Affairs (Byron Dorgan, Chair; Lisa Murkowski, Vice Chair)
 * Intelligence (Select) (Jay Rockefeller, Chair)
 * International Narcotics Control (Joe Biden, Chair)
 * Judiciary (Patrick Leahy, Chair; Arlen Specter, Ranking Member)
 * Administrative Oversight and the Courts (Chuck Schumer, Chair; Jeff Sessions, Ranking Member)
 * Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights (Herb Kohl, Chair; Orrin Hatch, Ranking Member)
 * The Constitution (Russ Feingold, Chair; Sam Brownback, Ranking Member)
 * Crime and Drugs (Joe Biden, Chair; Lindsey Graham, Ranking Member)
 * Human Rights and the Law (Edward Kennedy, Chair; Tom Coburn, Ranking Member)
 * Immigration, Refugees, and Border Security (Edward Kennedy, Chair; John Cornyn, Ranking Member)
 * Terrorism, Technology and Homeland Security (Dianne Feinstein, Chair; Jon Kyl, Ranking Member)
 * Rules and Administration (Dianne Feinstein, Chair; Robert F. Bennett, Ranking Member)
 * Small Business and Entrepreneurship (John Kerry, Chair; Olympia Snowe, Ranking Member)
 * Veterans' Affairs (Daniel Akaka, Chair; Larry E. Craig, Ranking Member)

House of Representatives

 * Agriculture (Collin Peterson, Chair; Bob Goodlatte, Ranking Member)
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title: 110th United States Congress


text:
Talk:Cliffhanger

Books
What about books. A well writen book can have endings that just drop off. Would thoes be called a Cliffhanger? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.183.175.4 (talk) 16:02, 10 October 2009

Most obvious: The [Original] Italian Job
The word cliffhanger was probably coined specifically for this movie, as the ending is literally a cliffhanger... A bus, loaded with gold, teetering off the edge of a cliff.

 * Well...you're ignoring all those older adventure stories that ended with literal cliffhangers if you accept that as true.

it might be good to note the ending as a literal interpretation of the term —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.23.56.12 (talk) 17:35, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

Would Last Comic Standing qualify?
Here's what I was going to post about Last Comic Standing, but I'm not sure if this necessarily qualifies as a cliffhanger: --Idont Havaname 03:36, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Last Comic Standing had a partially unresolved cliffhanger. The show, which featured a wide range  of comedians showcasing their comic routines, was canceled by NBC just before its final episode.  Comedy Central picked up this episode, but broadcast viewers were not able to see the final episode if they did not have cable television.

Cliffhangers
There was a show called "Cliffhangers" in 1979, which was comprised of three "cliffhanger serials." There is no mention of this as an unresolved cliffhanger. Two of the three episodes (Stop Susan Williams and The Secret Empire) were never finished.

I would note that the Adventures of Brisco County Jr. had a cliffhanger in every episode, usually at the half hour mark. The show was admittedly a sci-fi western with classic serial film underpinnings, but there were deathtraps aplenty.

What about Batman Begins?
If I understand this correctly, wouldn't Batman Begins be considered a cliffhanger ending? --illEATurHARTout 16:19, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

I would think it is because all major plot points were resolved. Sure, both of the villains escaped, and a new one (The Joker) was hinted at, but the film was essentially a complete story in and of itself. 67.136.242.106 07:22, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

I agree, But also, I dont know why Spiderman 2 is in there as their endings are very similar. In both cases the story is over, the fact that you see the here heading off to a new adventure in the end doesent make it a cliffhanger.

Also, speaking of spiderman the entry in this article for the spiderman tv show is one of the most poorly written things I have ever read.Jeedan 22:35, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

What's NOT a Cliffhanger

 * Video games are not cliffhangers, because you can beat the game! There are no cliffhangers if it's a complete story! It's not a cliffhanger just because a villain can return! Cliffhangers are about the hero! It is not a cliffhanger if the hero can ride into the sunset until the dawn of the next sequel! In a cliffhanger, he's stuck to the stupid cliff! MMetro (talk) 19:20, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

DS9 Ending
The ending to Star Trek: Deep Space Nine isn't technically a cliffhanger in the classic sense. It's more of a "life goes on" ending, where, despite open ends (Kasidy's pregnancy, Ben with the Prophets, the race for a new Kai), there's nothing that really feels "unresolved". The backup for this is that the producers knew that the seventh season would be its last, and crafted this episode for that specific end. -- Grev -- Talk 16:46, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

LOTR II is not a book
It's just the 2nd volume of the same book. It was an idea of a publisher to print it in 3 books. it's mentioned in the wikipedia article.

 * I think Wikipedia has an article on books you might find useful. ~ JohnnyMrNinja {talk} 06:10, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

Farscape
I'm not sure this qualifies anymore, as the cliffhanger was resolved in Sci-Fi's recent Farscape Miniseries.--Arkcana 04:19, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Usage error
In the discussion of Doctor Who, the statement "most stories were comprised of four to six episodes" includes a very common error in usage. A thing is not "comprised of" its parts; the thing "comprises" its parts. If one wishes to use some form of "comprise" in that statement, it should read "most stories comprised four to six episodes."

Stephen Kosciesza 140.147.160.78 20:24, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Cool, thanks Steven. Feel free to fix it. Slac speak up! 21:38, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Angel
Angel didn't really end on a cliffhanger. Well, it wasn't meant to be a cliffhanger, fans just say it is. Joss Whedon himself says that the final battle isn't supposed to be as open ended as some people think..

Should Doom 3 be in here?
It is actually resolved in the expansion pack. Should this be added or should the comment on Doom 3 be removed entirely?

Nope, I removed it. Thanks for the help!66.82.9.77 02:23, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Zelda
Deleted the Twilight Princess so called "cliff hanger" It was horribly written, and not a cliff hanger at all. Unless you can seriously prove me other wise. 66.82.9.77 02:20, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Opposite of a cliffhanger?
I was wondering if there was a name for an 'opposite' of a cliffhanger. I know that a novel can simply just turn boring gradually, but what if there was a 'turning point' for the reader? Maybe a part where the reader loses sight of the plot and overall interest? 81.157.140.168 21:37, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Jump the Shark? MMetro (talk) 19:04, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

This article is confused
Do we really feel that people need over 100 examples of cliffhangers. Are we assuming that people are that confused that they need that many examples to figure it out? Let's stop pretending. This is a List of cliffhangers with an article tacked at the top. I'm breaking it up. ~ JohnnyMrNinja {talk} 04:53, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

Elections
The term "cliffhanger" has long been used in other contexts, particularly national elections where the result is expected to be tight, or unexpectedly turns out to be that way. This article is about televisual use of the word, but its tentacles have spread and we need to mention this. --  Jack of Oz    ... speak! ...   12:09, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

Cliffhanger origin
I always thought that cliffhanger originated from Conan Doyle's The Final Problem. Conan Doyle wanted to kill off Sherlock Holmes (and the series) by letting Moriarty and Holmes fall off a cliff - but Holmes is resurrect in subsequent series by having hung off the cliff rather than falling. NagaSrinivas (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 14:21, 8 June 2012 (UTC)

Thomas Hardy
A quick search indicates cliffhanger probably originated in the Thomas Hardy novel "A Pair of Blue Eyes", where a charecter is left literally hanging off a cliff. However, I don't know what a reliable source would be, and neither can I be bothered to find out. SquidSix (talk) 23:20, 27 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Wrong Charles Dickens' Pickwick Papers is where the term cliffhanger derives from. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.102.12.101 (talk) 09:57, 29 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, reading the Gutenberg online version of the Pickwick Papers, I cannot detect any occurrence of "cliff" next to the breaks between two issues (the novel was published in 19 issues over 20 months). You can find hints to the possible origin of "cliffhanger" in Thomas Hardy and in the German Wikipedia (Cliffhanger). --Jkbw (talk) 01:54, 2 October 2016 (UTC)
 * The Online Etymology Dictionary dates the term back to 1937 (first appearance in print, I assume). It seems extremely unlikely that the term survived in speech for over 50 years without ever once being written down. There are (unreliable) online sources claiming Hardy as the source of the term, but most of the ones I've found are citing an early version of this very article, and, as we all know, Wikipedia is definitely not a reliable source. The most likely actual origin of the term is Hollywood, and the early cinema serials. Hardy may have been the first literal example, but there's no evidence the term is connected to his book. (Or to Dickens.) Xtifr tälk 18:03, 28 November 2016 (UTC)

Movies skimmed over
Most people would identify cliffhangers with the early movies, where they often literally left a young woman hanging from a cliff at the end of an episode. The movie element deserves to be treated at much greater length. Valetude (talk) 12:31, 18 September 2018 (UTC)

As opposed to all those accidental cliffhangers?

 * Peter Hogg's novel Smilla's Sense of Snow ends with a deliberate cliffhanger [...] the author has no intention of ever writing a sequel

Or maybe the author just couldn't think of an ending? Unfortunately, the article for the book itself doesn't cite a source for this either. 82.13.91.100 (talk) 14:33, 27 October 2019 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Cliffhanger


text:
Pincher Creek-Macleod

Pincher Creek-Macleod was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1993 to 1997.

History
The Pincher Creek-Macleod electoral district was created in 1993, when Pincher Creek-Crowsnest merged with Macleod. In 1997 the riding changed names to Livingstone-Macleod.

The riding was situated in the rocky mountains and foothills of south west Alberta and along the Alberta, British Columbia border.

title: Pincher Creek-Macleod


text: User talk:69.225.35.27

title: User talk:69.225.35.27


text:
Anatole Boris Volkov

Anatole Boris Volkov (October 29, 1924 – November 28, 2000) was an American physicist, allegedly serving as a courier for the Silvermaster spy ring between Washington, D.C., and New York City. Volkov taught both abroad and in America, retiring in the United States 1989. Though Volkov's name appears in the FBI's files, he was never convicted of any espionage by the U.S. government.

Ancestry
He was related to Count Sergei Witte, who was Czar Nicholas II's Finance Minister of Russia from 1892 to 1903. His mother, Elena Witte, was a baroness. In 1923 the Wittes emigrated to San Francisco, California. (There is no known link between Volkov and "Pop Folkoff" or Volkov or Isaac Folkoff, another communist based in San Francisco.)

Birth and education
Volkov was born on October 29, 1924, in San Francisco, California. After her divorce, his mother married Nathan Gregory Silvermaster, head of the Silvermaster group who spied for the Soviet Union during World War II. Volkov spent two years as a radar operator in the United States Navy in the Pacific.

Volkov earned a B.S. in science from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1948 and M.Sc/Ph.D degrees from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1953. His Ph.D. thesis, titled Magnetic interactions on the basis of a modified shell model of complex nuclei, was written under the direction of Robert G. Sachs. Afterwards, he moved to Israel and did research at the Technion in Haifa, and at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot. From there he moved to Copenhagen in 1963 and worked at the Niels Bohr Institute. In 1964 he moved to Canada and taught at McMaster University until his retirement in 1989.

Death
He died of cancer on November 28, 2000, aged 76, in Lakeland, Florida.

title: Anatole Boris Volkov


text:
Mainbocher

Mainbocher is a fashion label founded by the American couturier Main Rousseau Bocher (October 24, 1890 – December 27, 1976), also known as Mainbocher (pronounced "Maine-Bow-Shay" ). Established in 1929, the house of Mainbocher successfully operated in Paris (1929–1939), and then in New York (1940–1971).

French years (1929-1939)
In November 1929, Main Rousseau Bocher merged his own name, in honor of his favorite couturieres, Augustabernard and Louiseboulanger, and established his own fashion house, incorporated as "Mainbocher Couture" at 12 Avenue George-V in Paris. Mainbocher progressively gained recognition for his elegant and sophisticated couture garments. The strapless dress and jeweled cashmere sweaters are his creations.

His subtle and timeless style won Mainbocher an exclusive clientele, which included fashion editors Carmel Snow, Bettina Ballard, Diana Vreeland; aristocrats Princess Karam of Kapurthala, Elsie de Wolfe, Lady Castlerosse, the Vicomtesse de Noailles, Baroness Eugène de Rothschild; pianist Dame Myra Hess; socialites Millicent Rogers, Daisy Fellowes, Mrs. Cole Porter, Syrie Maugham, and Hollywood stars Mary Pickford, Constance Bennett, Kay Francis, Claudette Colbert, Irene Dunne, Loretta Young, Miriam Hopkins, and Helen Hayes.

His most famous patron was Wallis Simpson, after whom he even named a color, "Wallis Blue". In 1937, he also designed her wedding dress and trousseau for her marriage to the Duke of Windsor, after he abdicated the British throne. Described in 1950 as "one of the most photographed and most copied dresses of modern times", the bridal dress is today part of the Metropolitan Museum's Costume Institute collection. Hamish Bowles later said: "I think [Mainbocher's clothes] are so subtle, the detailing is so extraordinary, and they are so unbelievably evocative of ... absolute subtle luxury. You can really see why a client like Wallis Windsor would have been drawn to his clothes, and why she became so emblematic of his work."

Mainbocher's last Paris collections created a storm of controversy. Anticipating Christian Dior's "New Look" by eight years, the "wasp waist", a nipped-in waist, radically altered the silhouette of the thirties. Dior himself confessed: "Mainbocher is really in advance of us all, because he does it in America." The corset that shaped Mainbocher's last Parisian collection was immortalized in 1939 by one of Horst P. Horst's most famous photographs, known as the "Mainbocher Corset." Mainbocher's corseted waist, defined bosom, and back draping was an abrupt shift in silhouette and introduced the Victorian motifs that were to pervade the forties. In his book Decades: A Century of Fashion, in which he named Mainbocher "the designer of the 30's," Cameron Silver further noted that "Mainbocher's designs oozed exclusivity, good breeding, and rarefied taste."

American years (1940–1971)
The onset of Second World War forced Mainbocher to leave France. In 1940, he relocated his business to New York on 57th Street next to Tiffany's and established "Mainbocher Inc." He recreated his Paris salons exactly as they were and stayed to true to haute couture traditions.

The corset controversy proved to be a timely marketing opportunity; the house of Mainbocher teamed up with the Warner Brothers Corset Company and streamlined the design for mass production. He showed his first New York collection on October 30, 1940, and soon established himself as one of the leading American fashion designers. He solved fabric rationing issues by designing short evening gowns and "cocktail aprons" that could transform any dress into a formal evening dress.

During the war, Mainbocher designed a series of uniforms for both military and civilian organizations, applying his principles of functionality and utility while retaining the sophisticated elegance of his namesake label. These uniforms also allowed him to reclaim his American identity in a patriotic context. In 1942, he conceived the uniforms for the women-only division of the American Navy, called WAVES. He then updated the uniforms of the American Red Cross, and in 1948, he unified the uniforms of Girl Scouts in the same shade of green. In 1950, he designed a one of a kind evening dress uniform for Colonel Katherine Amelia Towle, who was then Director of Women Marines (USMCR). This unique uniform is now on display at the armory of the Newport Artillery Company in Newport, Rhode Island.

In New York, Mainbocher continued to dress generations of women like debutante Brenda Frazier, Doris Duke, Adele Astaire, Elizabeth Parke Firestone, Gloria Vanderbilt, Lila Wallace, Bunny Mellon, Babe Paley, Princess Maria Cristina de Bourbon, Kathryn Miller, and C. Z. Guest. In 1947, eight of the New York Dress Institute's Ten Best-Dressed Women in the World were Mainbocher clients.

After he achieved fame for dressing some of the world's most famous women, Mainbocher was commissioned to design the costumes for Leonora Corbett in the comic play Blithe Spirit (1941); Mary Martin in the Broadway musicals One Touch of Venus (1943) and The Sound of Music (1959); Tallulah Bankhead in the Broadway production Private Lives (1948); Ethel Merman in the musical Call Me Madam (1950); Rosalind Russell in the musical Wonderful Town (1953); Lynn Fontanne in The Great Sebastians (1956); Katharine Cornell in The Prescott Papers; Irene Worth in the play Tiny Alice (1964); and Lauren Bacall in the musical Applause (1970).

In 1961, the Mainbocher business moved to the K.L.M. Building on Fifth Avenue and continued until 1971 when Mainbocher, at the age of 81, closed the doors of his house. He divided his last years between Paris and Munich until his death in 1976.

Legacy
In 2002, Mainbocher was honored with a bronze plaque on New York City's Fashion Walk of Fame in the legendary Garment District.

Mainbocher inspired many of the most brilliant fashion designers, including Christian Lacroix, who praised the glamour of his garments.

Mainbocher's fashion designs have been displayed in many exhibitions over the years. In 2010, the Museum of the City of New York created a virtual exhibition on Worth & Mainbocher, which was the first to emphasize Mainbocher's work.

The first retrospective dedicated to Mainbocher, entitled Making Mainbocher, took place at the Chicago History Museum from October 2016 to August 2017. This exhibition was partly sponsored by Luvanis, which is the current owner of the brand.

title: Mainbocher


text:
Oak Beach Inn

The Oak Beach Inn, commonly referred to by the abbreviation OBI, was a Long Island nightclub located in Oak Beach, on Jones Beach Island near Captree State Park in the Town of Babylon, Suffolk County, New York.

History and controversy
In 1969, Robert Matherson bought what was then a waterfront barrier island restaurant and converted it into an enormously popular (and controversial) nightclub. The Oak Beach Inn, located in Oak Beach on Jones Beach Island, was the original, and later just referred to as The OBI. He later opened three more OBI nightclubs and named them according to their geographic location. The OBI North was in Smithtown, New York, the OBI East near the Shinnecock Canal en route to The Hamptons, and the OBI West locations in Island Park, New York (which had two locations: first at 3999 Long Beach Road, and later, briefly, at 50 Broadway). All four clubs were located on Long Island and were wildly successful for many years, bringing people in from all over Long Island, New York City, Westchester, southern Connecticut and New Jersey and hosting acts such as Twisted Sister and The Good Rats.

In 1979, Matherson sued the town to lease him more land for additional parking, which the town granted. However two years later, new officials disagreed, which caused Matherson to sue again, and when the court favored with Matherson, the town granted him $3 million and the nine acres. In 1993, an unhappy Matherson started a "Move Out of New York Before It's Too Late" campaign complete with a hearse, banners and TV ads. An article in 1993 in The New York Times provided details about his campaign, including information that the New York State Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control raided the club one year earlier in 1992. One of the OBI West locations burned down after only a couple of years of packing in thousands on the weekends. Arson involving organized crime figures referred to in the movie Goodfellas was alleged but never substantiated.

Closure
Over the years, the OBI was involved in many disputes with the local community over issues such as noise, parking and traffic. Finally, in 1999, Matherson sold the property to developer Ross Cassata, who planned to build condominiums. Matherson then moved to Key West, Florida to open a new club of the same name. When it closed, the inn's two-ton statues of whales and dolphins, which were commonly touched by clubgoers, were moved to Danfords on the Sound in Long Island.

However, Cassata then sold the nine acres to Suffolk County for $7.95 million and the original property was torn down in 2003 and was replaced with a town-operated park, with later added plans of adding a bed and breakfast, upscale restaurant, boardwalk, water-sport area and boat ramp. The park now hosts activities, such as car racing, and it too has caused controversy. At the time of demolition, the Suffolk County Legislator commented that the park agreement avoided "an enormous tax increase in Babylon, which would have had to pay a court judgment of as much as $20 million or watch its coastline be forever scarred by high-rise development" and the money came from the county's greenway program.

Locations
The original OBI was at 1 Oak Beach Road. The building was sold in 1999, torn down in 2003, land turned into a park with a small beach simply called Oak Beach.

The OBI East was at 239 E Montauk Highway, Hampton Bays. The property underwent extensive renovations between 2018 and 2022 and was reopened as the Canoe Place Inn and Cottages with 20 rooms, 5 cottages, restaurant, bar and a 350 banquet room.

The OBI North was at State Road 25A, near Jericho Turnpike, Smithtown. The building burned down in 1980, and the land is now part of Willow Ridge at Smithtown HOA.

The OBI West was at 3999 Long Beach Road, Island Park. The building was torn down between 1994 and 2004, the land is now a parking lot for school buses. It briefly was located at 50 Broadway (sometimes listed as 50 Austin Blvd.), Island Park as one of a series of famous nightclubs such as the Shell House, The Action House, The Rock Pile, and Speaks.

Robert Matherson later opened Oak Beach Inn at 227 Duval Street, Key West, Florida. Robert Matherson died in 2007.

In popular culture
Robert "Rosebud" Butt is credited with inventing the Long Island Iced Tea, while working as a bartender at the original OBI in the 1970s.

In 2010, the Babylon-based rock band Two Cent Sam released the "OBI Song" and a DIY video celebrating the Oak Beach Inn's history and impact on Long Islanders and the void in Long Island night life after the OBI's destruction.

title: Oak Beach Inn


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Science & Environmental Policy Project/archive1

Science & Environmental Policy Project
If you look at the article on SEPP (which I just attempted to neutralize), you'll see that the critics of the organization's views cite the Wikipedia articles Attribution of recent climate change and Satellite temperature measurements. Indeed, these articles flatly contradict SEPP's view of what the facts are on these issues. The former does so without acknowledging or describing the dissenting view; the latter one discusses disagreement, but says that has been resolved in favor of SEPP's opponents. I'm not in a position to dispute the scientific findings in the detail articles, but SEPP would not seem to agree with them. Do any of these articles have NPOV problems? -- Beland 03:42, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:PhilZ

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Infrogmation 03:43, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:PhilZ


text:
Talk:Anatole Boris Volkov

Untitled
I rewrote the article at Anatole Volkov/Temp, rewriting the paragraphs borrowed from the obit. JRP
 * Thanks. Actually you caught me just moving from one terminal to another & I just got lazy for a minute and posted the obit without editing it first. Thanks again. Nobs01 03:55, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * You have to be careful with doing that because the copyvio ends up in the history anyway and so Wikipedia is still "guilty" of infringement until the history is purged. :) JRP
 * Will do thx Nobs01 15:43, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Courier?
How could it be if Volkov was in the Pacific in the Navy, he is described in this article as a courier for the Silvermaster Group? I don't see how the timing works. DEddy (talk) 20:34, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anatole Boris Volkov


text: User talk:70.21.241.198

title: User talk:70.21.241.198