text:
Syzygium

Syzygium is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. The genus comprises about 1200 species,  and has a native range that extends from Africa and Madagascar through southern Asia east through the Pacific. Its highest levels of diversity occur from Malaysia to northeastern Australia, where many species are very poorly known and many more have not been described taxonomically. One indication of this diversity is in leaf size, ranging from as little as a half inch (one cm) to as great as 4 ft 11 inches (1.5 meters) by sixteen inches (38 centimeters) in Syzygium acre of New Caledonia.

Most species are evergreen trees and shrubs. Several species are grown as ornamental plants for their attractive glossy foliage, and a few produce edible fruits called roseapples that are eaten fresh or used in jams and jellies. The most economically important species, however, is the clove Syzygium aromaticum, of which the unopened flower buds are an important spice. Some of the edible species of Syzygium are planted throughout the tropics worldwide, and several have become invasive species in some island ecosystems. Fifty-two species are found in Australia and are generally known as lillipillies, brush cherries or satinash.

At times Syzygium was confused taxonomically with the genus Eugenia (c. 1000 species), but the latter genus has its highest specific diversity in the neotropics. Many species formerly classed as Eugenia are now included in the genus Syzygium, although the former name may persist in horticulture. The Syzygium Working Group, an international group of researchers, formed in April 2016 with the aim to produce a monograph of Syzygium.

The term comes from the Greek word syzygia, meaning "joining together or conjunction".

Species
Selected species include: • Syzygium acre (Pancher ex Guillaumin) J.W.Dawson

• Syzygium alliiligneum – onionwood (Queensland)

• Syzygium alternifolium (Wight) Walp.

• Syzygium ampliflorum (Koord. & Valeton) Amshoff

• Syzygium amplifolium

• Syzygium andamanicum

• Syzygium anisatum

• Syzygium angophoroides

• Syzygium anisosepalum

• Syzygium antisepticum – shore eugenia

• Syzygium apodophyllum (F.Muell.) B.Hyland - endemic to Queensland, Australia

• Syzygium aqueum – water apple, bell fruit, water cherry, watery rose apple

• Syzygium aromaticum – clove

• Syzygium australe – brush cherry (Australia)

• Syzygium beddomei

• Syzygium bourdillonii

• Syzygium canicortex – yellow satinash (Queensland)

• Syzygium caryophyllatum (type species)

• Syzygium chavaran

• Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Steud. – Australia, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, China, India

• Syzygium conglomeratum

• Syzygium contractum

• Syzygium cordatum – Hute, waterbessie, undoni, water berry, umSwi

• Syzygium cordifolium

• Syzygium cormiflorum – Bumpy satinash

• Syzygium corynanthum – Sour cherry

• Syzygium courtallense

• Syzygium crebrinerve – Purple cherry, black water gum

• Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels – Jambul, Jambolan, Black plum, Duhat plum, Jambolan plum

• Syzygium curranii - Lipote

• Syzygium densiflorum

• Syzygium diffusum

• Syzygium discophorum

• Syzygium duthieanum

• Syzygium dyerianum

• Syzygium elegans

• Syzygium erythrocalyx – Johnstone River satinash, Red Bud satinash

• Syzygium eucalyptoides

• Syzygium fibrosum – Fibrous satinash

• Syzygium fijiense

• Syzygium floribundum F.Muell.

• Syzygium flosculiferum

• Syzygium forte – White Apple

• Syzygium formosanum – Native to Taiwan

• Syzygium francisii – Giant water gum, rose satinash

• Syzygium fullagarii (Lord Howe Island)

• Syzygium glaucum

• Syzygium goodenovii (King) Masam.

• Syzygium graeme-andersoniae

• Syzygium grande  – Sea apple

• Syzygium guehoi

• Syzygium guineense – Waterberry

• Syzygium gustavioides – Grey satinash

• Syzygium hemisphericum (Wight) Alston

• Syzygium hodgkinsoniae – Red lilly pilly, smooth-barked rose apple (Australia)

• Syzygium ingens (F.Muell. ex C.Moore) Craven & Biffin

• Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston – Roseapple, Malabar plum, plum rose, rose apple, water apple

• Syzygium jasminifolium

• Syzygium kemamanense

• Syzygium kiahii

• Syzygium koordersianum

• Syzygium kuranda – Kuranda satinash

• Syzygium leucoxylon

• Syzygium luehmannii – Riberry, cherry satinash

• Syzygium maingayi

• Syzygium maire (A.Cunn.) Sykes & Garn.-Jones

• Syzygium makul Gaertn.

• Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry – Malay Apple, Malacca apple, Malay rose apple, mountain apple, Otaheite cashew, rose apple, water apple

• Syzygium manii (King) N.P.Balakr.

• Syzygium micranthum

• Syzygium microphyllum (Syzygium gambleanum is an illegitimate synonym)

• Syzygium minus

• Syzygium mishmiense Chatterjee

• Syzygium monimioides

• Syzygium moorei – Coolamon, durobby

• Syzygium myhendrae

• Syzygium myrtifolium – red lip

• Syzygium neesianum

• Syzygium nemestrinum

• Syzygium nervosum

• Syzygium occidentale

• Syzygium oleosum – Blue lilly pilly

• Syzygium oliganthum

• Syzygium oreophilum

• Syzygium palghatense

• Syzygium paniculatum – Magenta lillypilly, magenta cherry (Australia)

• Syzygium parameswaranii

• Syzygium patentinerve (endemic to Savai'i & Upolu islands in Samoa)

• Syzygium papyraceum – Paperbark satinash (Australia)

• Syzygium pauper

• Syzygium pendens

• Syzygium perakense, now accepted as synonym for Syzygium formosum

• Syzygium pergamentaceum

• Syzygium phaeophyllum

• Syzygium politum

• Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. – Indian bay leaf, Indonesian bay leaf, Salam leaf, daun salam, Indonesian laurel

• Syzygium polycephaloides - Lipote

• Syzygium pondoense

• Syzygium praineanum

• Syzygium pseudofastigiatum (Australia)

• Syzygium purpureum

• Syzygium quadribracteatum

• Syzygium ramavarmae, now accepted as Syzygium rama-varmae

• Syzygium revolutum

• Syzygium ridleyi (King) Chantar. & J.Parn.

• Syzygium ripicola (Craib) Merr. & L.M.Perry

• Syzygium rotundifolium Arn.

• Syzygium salicifolium (Wight) J.Graham

• Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L. M. Perry – Java apple, makopa, Java rose apple, Samarang rose apple, water apple, wax jambu, wax apple

• Syzygium samoense (Burkill) Whistler

• Syzygium sandwicensis (A.Gray) Nied. – Ōhia ha

• Syzygium scortechinii (King) Chantar. & J.Parn.

• Syzygium seemannianum Merr. & L.M.Perry

• Syzygium simile - Malaruhat

• Syzygium smithii

• Syzygium spathulatum Thwaites

• Syzygium stapfianum (King) I.M.Turner

• Syzygium staudtii (Engl.) Mildbr.

• Syzygium stocksii (Duthie) Gamble

• Syzygium suborbiculare – lady apple

• Syzygium symingtonianum (M.R.Hend.) I.M.Turner

• Syzygium tahanense (Ridl.) I.M.Turner

• Syzygium thompsonii (Merr.) N.Snow - Atoto (Guam, Rota, Saipan)

• Syzygium travancoricum, now accepted as a synonym of Syzygium stocksii

• Syzygium turbinatum Alston

• Syzygium umbrosum Thwaites

• Syzygium utilis (Talbot) Rathakr. & N.C.Nair

• Syzygium variolosum (King) Chantar. & J.Parn.

• Syzygium wesa B.Hyland

• Syzygium wolfii (Gillespie) Merr. & L.M.Perry

• Syzygium wrayi (King) I.M.Turner

• Syzygium wrightii (Baker) A.J.Scott

• Syzygium xerampelinum B.Hyland

• Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC.

Returned to this genus
 * Cleistocalyx operculatus has recently been returned to this genus, becoming a synonym for Syzygium nervosum

title: Syzygium


text:
Talk:Kur

"Penis"??
The article says: Kur is also referred to as penis in the Macedonian and Bulgarian languages.

What the Hell does that mean? Does it mean "'kur' happens to be a Macedonian/Bulgarian word meaning 'penis'", or does it mean "in Macedonia and Bulgaria, the demon Kur is depicted as a penis"? Better explanation is needed! SpectrumDT 22:54, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I see it's been removed (which is good, because IMO it's completely irrelevant to the article), but just to answer the question - it's the former. --LiquidFire (talk) 13:45, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

quote?
What on earth is that quote from? --Jfruh (talk) 20:35, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

I think it's some new-age fantasy of a lady talking to a dragon. I've certainly never seen or heard of it before & it doesn't sound like any scholarly translation. Is it ethical to leave it? ````Tondelaya 18 August 2008. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tondelaya (talk • contribs) 07:42, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

Yes in bulgarian it means Penis

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Kur


text:
Graeme Harper

Graeme Richard Harper (born 11 March 1945) is a British television director. He is best known for his work on the science-fiction series Doctor Who, for which he is the only person to have directed episodes of both the original run (1963–89) and revived run (2005–) of the programme. Doctor Who Magazine has described him as "the longest-serving crew member on Doctor Who."

Early life and career
Born in St Albans, Harper began elocution lessons at the Italia Conti Academy as a child in 1955, at the encouragement of his mother who was worried that he was developing a cockney accent. This led to him being cast as Master Bardell in an adaptation of Charles Dickens' novel The Pickwick Papers for the independent television company Associated-Rediffusion, when the company approached the academy asking if they had a boy with bright red hair for the role, and they recommended Harper.

Further television work followed in the late 1950s, appearing in children's serials for BBC Television under producer / director Shaun Sutton. From the ages of sixteen to twenty-one Harper worked predominantly in the theatre, not only as an actor but also as a stage manager. After further television work, however, he decided that acting was not the career he would like, and he would instead rather be behind the scenes. One of his main ambitions for becoming involved in the production side of the industry was to make Westerns.

While applying for production jobs in television, he worked for a time as a driving instructor. One of his pupils was the personal secretary of film director Stanley Kubrick, who arranged for him to visit the sound stages at MGM-British Studios where Kubrick's film 2001: A Space Odyssey was then being produced. During this visit, Harper briefly met Kubrick.

BBC career
After hearing nothing from his various applications to the BBC, Harper wrote to his former director Shaun Sutton, who was by now Head of Drama Serials at the BBC. With Sutton's assistance Harper gained an interview for the position of floor assistant, in which role he began working at BBC Television Centre in London in September 1966.

Harper worked on various productions in this capacity, including the Doctor Who serial "The Power of the Daleks" and later the 1967 adaptation of The Forsyte Saga novels. He also worked on the Play of the Month series, where he first worked with the director Douglas Camfield, with whom he would often work in later years. In 1969 he was promoted to assistant floor manager. In 1975 he was promoted again and became a production assistant. One of the first productions he was assigned to in this role was the Doctor Who serial "The Seeds of Doom", again working under director Douglas Camfield.

In 1980, Harper once more worked on Doctor Who when he was assigned to be production assistant to director Paul Joyce on the serial "Warriors' Gate". Joyce's approach to the production resulted in various delays, and Harper had to take on extra responsibility for helping to direct the serial in order to ensure it was finished in time. Following this, Doctor Who's executive producer and producer, Barry Letts and John Nathan-Turner, endorsed Harper's application for the BBC's in-house television director course, from which he graduated in 1982.

Harper's first television directing work consisted of episodes of the medical drama series Angels. In 1983, John Nathan-Turner offered him work on Doctor Who, but as he could only employ freelance directors, Harper would need to resign from the staff of the BBC first. This Harper did, and he began working on Doctor Who in the autumn of 1983.

Freelance work
Harper's first Doctor Who serial, The Caves of Androzani, was the last Doctor Who story to feature Peter Davison in the title role. Produced in late 1983, it was broadcast in March 1984. It is widely regarded by fans of the programme as one of the finest instalments of the series. Davison has been especially complimentary about Harper's direction of the story, claiming in 2009, "Graeme’s philosophy was that it needed pace and it needed energy. Graeme’s input, and the fact that it was a great script, really lifted it, I think." Davison has also claimed Harper "directed far more filmically than it had ever been done before." In 1985 he worked again on the programme, directing Revelation of the Daleks, starring Colin Baker. In 1989 he was approached to direct the Sylvester McCoy-starring Doctor Who serial "Battlefield", but he was committed to episodes of the Central Television drama series Boon. In 1993 he was attached to the potential Doctor Who thirtieth anniversary special "The Dark Dimension", but this was abandoned at the pre-production stage.

Harper's other work has included episodes of Juliet Bravo (1984 & 1985), Bergerac (1985 & 1987), Star Cops (1987), The New Statesman (1987), The House of Eliott (1991–93), The Bill (1993), The Detectives (1995–97), Casualty (1997, 2004–05), EastEnders (2000–02) and Robin Hood (2006 & 2009). In 1999 his work on the television adaptation of David McRobbie's novel See How They Run was nominated for an Australian Film Institute Award for "Best Direction in a Television Drama", and in 2001 he shared in a BAFTA Children's Award win in the category of "Best Drama" for Custer's Last Stand Up. Harper directed ITV1 soap opera Coronation Street's fateful tram crash in October 2010, screened on 6 December as part of its fiftieth anniversary special. In 2012 he filmed several episodes of the Nickelodeon series House of Anubis.

In 2016, Harper directed a special Christmas episode of the BBC Two comedy-horror anthology series Inside No. 9. In a deliberate attempt to emulate the appearance of 1970s British television drama, this was made using the multi-camera video, 4:3 aspect ratio production style that Harper had been used to working in at the beginning of his career.

Return to Doctor Who
In 2005, twenty years after his last work on Doctor Who, he was invited to direct four episodes of the 2006 series, starring David Tennant. Having previously worked with the new series' executive producer Russell T Davies on the programmes On the Waterfront and The House of Windsor, Harper had contacted Davies soon after the announcement of Doctor Who's revival in September 2003, to say that he would very much like to work on it. Scheduling conflicts meant that he was unable to work on the first series of the revival in 2005, but for the second series in 2006 he directed two two-part stories featuring the Cybermen; "Rise of the Cybermen" / "The Age of Steel", and the series finale "Army of Ghosts" / "Doomsday". His work on the episode "Doomsday" saw him awarded the BAFTA Cymru Award for Best Drama Director in April 2007.

Harper directed two episodes, "42" and "Utopia", for the 2007 series of Doctor Who, as well as the mini-episode "Time Crash", part of the 2007 edition of the BBC's annual Children in Need charity telethon. He also directed Whatever Happened to Sarah Jane?, a two-part serial for spin-off series The Sarah Jane Adventures.

He directed five episodes of the 2008 series of Doctor Who, "Planet of the Ood", "The Unicorn and the Wasp", "Turn Left", "The Stolen Earth", and "Journey's End" and the third of the 2008–10 specials, "The Waters of Mars", broadcast in November 2009. He directed the last two stories for the second series of The Sarah Jane Adventures: The Temptation of Sarah Jane Smith and Enemy of the Bane.

Partial credits

 * Doctor Who
 * The Caves of Androzani (4 parts, 1984)
 * Revelation of the Daleks (2 parts, 1985)
 * "Rise of the Cybermen" / "The Age of Steel" (2006)
 * "Army of Ghosts" / "Doomsday" (2006)
 * "42" (2007)
 * "Utopia" (2007)
 * "Time Crash" (Children in Need special, 2007)
 * "Planet of the Ood" (2008)
 * "The Unicorn and the Wasp" (2008)
 * "Turn Left" (2008)
 * "The Stolen Earth" / "Journey's End" (2008)
 * "The Waters of Mars" (2009)
 * Robin Hood
 * "A Thing or Two About Loyalty" (2006)
 * "Peace? Off!" (2006)
 * "Dead Man Walking" (2006)
 * "A Dangerous Deal" (2009)
 * "The Enemy of My Enemy" (2009)
 * The Sarah Jane Adventures
 * Whatever Happened to Sarah Jane? (2 parts, 2007)
 * The Temptation of Sarah Jane Smith (2 parts, 2008)
 * Enemy of the Bane (2 parts, 2008)
 * Hollyoaks (20 episodes, 2014–2022)
 * Inside No. 9
 * "The Devil of Christmas" (2016)
 * "Bernie Clifton's Dressing Room" (2018)
 * "And the Winner is..." (2018)

title: Graeme Harper


text:
Talk:Punch-Counterpunch

Subpage
Wikipedia deprecated the use of subpages in the main article space at leat three years ago. Please rename this article without the slash. -- Viajero | Talk 17:51, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It's NOT a subpage. The character's name really is "Punch/Counterpunch" with a slash. But for the benefit of Wikipedia, I'll rename it anyway.   — J I P | Talk 17:30, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Since his name is actually Punch, should the article simply be called "Punch (Transformers)" - Counterpunch is a secret identity he uses for espionage. Mathewignash (talk) 14:12, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
 * But the toy itself has never been marketed as "Punch", only as "Double Spy" or "Punch-Counterpunch". J I P  | Talk 19:21, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Counterpunch hm.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 20:04, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Counterpunch toon.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 20:05, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Punch counterpunch.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 05:04, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Punch hm.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 05:05, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Punch toon.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 05:07, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Punch vehicle.JPG
Image:Punch vehicle.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 05:08, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Punch-Counterpunch


text:
Talk:Glider (video game)

Untitled
Massive edits. --Wootest 17:52, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

House list
Today I (the creator of this article) added a list of houses. Add other houses if you want to, but keep it in alphabetical order please!

 * "Creator", please be aware that your edits sometimes 'breaks up' words (ie "Glider PRO" could be "Gli der P RO"). I've tried to fix a few of them with a recent, fairly major edit. "Creator", it'd be nice if you would register for a user name by following the link in the top right - it won't take you two minutes. Wootest 09:26, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Does this have anything to do with the breaking up of words?

'''WARNING: Your browser is not unicode compliant. A workaround is in place to allow you to safely edit articles: non-ASCII characters will appear in the edit box as hexadecimal codes.'''

Structure
I've moved a lot of text around to make up a more sensible structure. I propose categorization into the following four distinct areas:
 * Game basics, history and gameplay
 * House building
 * All other in-depth game information that does not directly fit into House building (such as version history)
 * Community and the future

I've started by making a reasonable attempt to organize the existing information into this structure. Surely many sections overlap, but could be placed more closely in one area.

To make the page more compact and less tedious to scroll through, I made the object and house lists have columns - I also removed the header status of the object sections to shorten the TOC a bit.

However, I'm not wild about the house list as it seems to go against the grain of Wikipedia's encyclopedic nature - the article links to several house repositories for the hungry Glider PRO player, and house reviews are equally spread. Instead, I think the house list should be reduced to "notable Glider PRO houses" and only include wildly popular or otherwise notable houses, like Autopilot, the self-playing house by Ward. However, as I was not around Glider PRO until 2003 and later, I don't feel like I'm the right man to do this. (For those eager enough to take on the task: I propose that, if you're not one of the authors of Slumberland, you don't nominate your own house but leave it up to others to do so.) --Wootest 19:57, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

 * IMO a "notable authors" list, with each's main contributions briefly explained, would work better. I've been into the game since ... well, at least 1996, so I could easily write it some day. I'm however not sure just how many authors I should list. The Slumberland author quartet is an obvious starting point, but where to go after that? The fame of GPRO has shrunk over the years - would authors of new(ish) houses that are within the community recognized as important qualify? This game was never that popular anyway, so I'm inclined towards a yes. Tropylium 22:29, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Vote for revised house list
You can vote for up to five houses. (Order is not important - all your votes are worth the same.) Slumberland and Demo house are exempt from voting as they will be included anyway - every other house is fair game, but should be noteworthy in some aspect. Unless you're credited as a creator of Slumberland, please abstain from voting for your own houses. Please vote while logged in, and sign your vote using four tildes (see instructions below the editing text box).

 * Autopilot (by Ward Hartenstein), Skyscraper (by John Calhoun) Wootest 11:06, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Possible POV
"it is the best house of all time", under Slumberland, could be considerd POV, couldn't it? Macintosh User 22:50, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Info on older Glider incarnations
Here is a Glider page that among other thing feature the 1991 release date for Glider 4.0 which was not the first in the series, but the first published by Casady & Greene. Arru 11:49, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:GliderProLogo.png
Image:GliderProLogo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Move to Glider?
It seems odd that Glider PRO has its own article, but Glider itself has none. Would there we any opposition to converting this page to section of either Glider (computer game) or Glider (computer game series)? Tlesher 20:02, 3 July 2007 (UTC)
 * You have my support. --Tropylium 09:02, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup, notability etc.
Yes, this page is in need of cleanup, no argument about that. I've half-assedly contemplated the job, but I suppose at least the item/background information could be just plain wiped (this is, after all, not a manual).

As far as notability goes: Glider PRO won some "Best XYZ Game of 19MN" awards back in its day, I suppose I could go hunting to see if I can relocate a sorce. --Tropylium (talk) 12:31, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * That would be good, notability has no expiry date. Marasmusine (talk) 12:32, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Okay, so far I found these mentions, both from John Calhoun interviews:
 * MacWorld Best Arcade Game of the year for Glider 4 upon release
 * MacWorld Game Hall Of Fame award for Glider Pro
 * Now to hunt for actual refs. --Tropylium (talk) 19:31, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Glider (video game)


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Lean Back

"Lean Back" is a song by American hip hop group Terror Squad. It was released as the second single from their second studio album, True Story, on June 1, 2004. An uptempo hip hop song built for the club environment, it contains vocal performances from group members Fat Joe and Remy and production from Scott Storch. It topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks, starting on August 21, 2004, and topped the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart for seven weeks. Worldwide, the song reached the top 20 in several other countries, including Denmark, where it peaked at number five.

Critical reception
Jason Birchmeier of AllMusic called the song "a perfect club-ready duet between Fat Joe and Remy that boasts a trademark Scott Storch beat and a memorable singalong hook and dance-along step". Vibe called the song a "summer classic". In 2008, the song was ranked at number 55 on VH1's "100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop".

Music video
Fat Joe described the dance in the video as throwing back the right shoulder to the beat of the song.

Remixes
The official remixed version of the song, featuring Lil Jon, Eminem, and Mase is available on Fat Joe's 2005 album All or Nothing and Lil Jon's Crunk Juice remix disc. The official remix is more uptempo and contains a new beat with a crunk–like feel to it. However, there are two different versions of the remix. The All or Nothing version, the main remix, features an additional verse by Remy and was released in July 2004. The Crunk Juice version features Lil Jon's vocals throughout the song, omitting Remy's verse. On both versions, Mase's verse is in line with his then-clean style of rapping (as heard on Welcome Back).

Fat Joe also released a remix in tribute to his Puerto Rican ancestry, featuring Tego Calderon and Tony Touch. Other remixes of the song are performed by Chamillionaire, in The Mixtape Messiah titled "Body Rock", Lil Wayne, Max B, Jadakiss, U.S.D.A., and G-Unit. Also, mashup artist Girl Talk layered "Lean Back" over Spacehog's "In the Meantime" in his album All Day. Houston rapper Lil' Flip did a freestyle over the song as a diss towards Atlanta rapper T.I.

Track listings
US 12-inch single
 * A1. "Lean Back" (clean) – 4:12
 * A2. "Lean Back" (instrumental) – 4:12
 * B1. "Lean Back" (dirty) – 4:11
 * B2. "Lean Back" (acappella) – 4:01

UK 12-inch single
 * A1. "Lean Back" (explicit) – 4:07
 * B1. "Yeah Yeah Yeah" – 3:07
 * B2. "Lean Back" (instrumental) – 4:12

UK and Australian CD single
 * 1) "Lean Back" (clean) – 4:11
 * 2) "Lean Back" (explicit) – 4:07
 * 3) "Yeah Yeah Yeah" – 3:07
 * 4) "Lean Back" (video)

European CD single
 * 1) "Lean Back" – 4:07
 * 2) "Yeah Yeah Yeah" – 3:07

Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from the True Story album notes.

Studios
 * Recorded at Jerusalem Studios (Miami, Florida)
 * Mixed at The Hit Factory Criteria (Miami, Florida)
 * Mastered at Sterling Sound (New York City)

Personnel
 * Fat Joe – writing (as Joseph Cartagena), vocals, executive production
 * Remy – writing (as Reminisce Smith), vocals
 * Scott Storch – writing, production
 * Drop – recording
 * Supa Engineer Duro – mixing
 * Chris Gehringer – mastering

title: Lean Back


text: User talk:67.113.5.228

title: User talk:67.113.5.228


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Saddle River (Passaic River tributary)

The Saddle River flows south through much of Bergen County, New Jersey. The river runs through densely populated suburban areas for much of its course. The river takes its name from the river near Saddell in Argyll and Bute in Scotland.

The headwaters of the Saddle River are in the piedmont terrain of Rockland County, in southern New York state. Streams from this area flow south, forming the Saddle River at their confluence, two miles south of the New York state border, in the town of Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

From its feeder streams in Upper Saddle River and the source in Airmont, New York, the Saddle River continues south for 16.3 miles, passing through the towns of Saddle River, Waldwick,  Ho-Ho-Kus,  Ridgewood,  Glen Rock, Paramus, Fair Lawn, Rochelle Park, Saddle Brook, Lodi, Garfield, and Wallington.

The Ho-Ho-Kus Brook, a major tributary, joins the Saddle River at the Dunkerhook area of Saddle River County Park. Their confluence marks the border of four Bergen County towns: Ridgewood, Paramus, Glen Rock and Fair Lawn.

The terminus of the Saddle River is at Garfield and Wallington, where the waterway empties into the Passaic River. The Passaic River drains at Newark Bay and via Arthur Kill and Kill van Kull to the Atlantic Ocean. The northern part of the Saddle River watershed drains an area between the Ramapo River watershed to the west, and the Hackensack River watershed to the east.

Fish species in the Saddle River include largemouth bass, pickerel, bullhead catfish, sunfish and different varieties of trout. Most of the trout are stocked by the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, although the uppermost reaches of the river and some of its tributaries hold wild brown trout. These wild trout are threatened by increased residential use of lawn fertilizer which contributes to algae and weed growth.

Tributaries

 * Ho-Ho-Kus Brook

title: Saddle River (Passaic River tributary)


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Normanton on Soar

Normanton on Soar, formerly known as Normanton-upon-Soar and known locally as Normanton, is a village and civil parish in the Rushcliffe district of Nottinghamshire, England near the River Soar. This historic village is home to one of the last operating chain ferries in the country, the only lived in cruck building in Nottinghamshire and a 13th-century Grade I listed parish Church.

Setting
The ancient parish of Normanton on Soar occupies 1,449 acres about 13 miles south-west of Nottingham. Nearby villages include Zouch, Sutton Bonington, and Stanford on Soar. The post town for Normanton is Loughborough leading to the confusion of being in Nottinghamshire but with a Leicestershire post code.

Normanton on Soar is situated in the Soar Valley (previously also known as the 'Vale of the Soar' ). The parish is mostly made up of farmland, and contains seven farms. The village is situated along the River Soar and extends uphill north-eastwards towards East Leake.

White's Directory of Nottinghamshire, written in 1853, describes Normanton thus: "Normanton-On-Soar is a picturesque village and parish in the vale of the Soar, 13 miles south by west of Nottingham, bounded on the south by Leicestershire and on the north by the Wolds."John Throsby, writing during 1790 in his new edition of Robert Thoroton's Antiquities of Nottinghamshire, recalls his account when surveying Normanton: "Shenstone [s]ung while I was viewing the [s]urrounding beauties."" 'How [s]weetly [s]miled the Hill, the Vale,"" 'And all the Land[s]cape round!"" 'The River gliding down the Dale,"" 'The Hill with Beeches crown'd!"

Population
The 1881 census reported that the village had 322 inhabitants. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 448, falling to 406 residents at the 2021 census.

Lordship of the manor
The Lordship of the Manor of Normanton on Soar is currently held since 1995 by John and Enid Burnett as Lord and Lady of the Manor of Normanton on Soar. The Official History Project of everything to do with the Parish is conducted under the direction of the Lord and Lady and the High Steward Ivan J Manning QStJ Esq.

Toponymy
Normanton appears several times in the Domesday survey of 1086 as Normantune and Normantun. The name, Normanton, derives from the Anglo-Saxon 'Northman's Tun' meaning Northman's Farm. It is believed to be first used sometime between AD 870 and 940.

Listed buildings
Normanton on Soar has a Grade I listed Church along with four Grade II listed buildings, all on Main Street: The Old Post Office (75 Main Street), Dovecote at Rangraak, Home Farmhouse and Ivy Cottage.

Church of St. James (Grade I)
The medieval Grade I Listed church, Church of St. James, was built in the 13th century. Located in the south of the village, on Main Street, it is situated on the east bank of the River Soar. The church is one of only two churches in Nottinghamshire to have a central tower crowned with a spire (the other being the Church of St. John in Whatton); although the Chapel of St. Mary at Clumber Park also has a central tower with a spire. The C.15th century timber roof was noted for being of "excellent design" in 1910. Also of note are the royal coat-of-arms of Charles II, dated 1683, which sit above the chancel arch. In April 2014 work was completed rebuilding and re-pointing the spire. Within the Church there is a bronze war memorial dedicated to the lives of villagers lost in World War One. The priest in charge also serves the neighbouring parish of Sutton Bonington. There are regular weekly services, with the village choir attending on the first Sunday of each month. The Church is kept open for the public during the day on Saturday and Sunday.

Other listed buildings
The Old Post Office, on Main Street, is a Grade II listed thatched cruck cottage dating from 1454. It is the oldest house in Normanton and the only lived-in cruck building in Nottinghamshire.

Chain ferry
The Chain Ferry is located in the south of the village and was mentioned earliest on a map from 1771. It is one of the few remaining Chain Ferries operating in the UK. It is the last chain ferry still operating in Nottinghamshire (the Hazleford Ferry, in Nottinghamshire, is no longer in use). In 1981 responsibility for the maintenance of the Ferry was transferred from the Paget Estate to the Parish Council. The Ferry was relaunched in April 2017 offering crossings between 10AM and 4:30PM every weekend during the summer (between April and September). The current fee per crossing is £1 per person and 50p per dog/bicycle. The Ferry is operated by volunteers from the village.

Other heritage
The old telephone box is now used to house a defribrillator which can be accessed in case of an emergency.

In June 2012 a memorial plaque was unveiled on the playing fields commemorating the crash of a Wellington Bomber in the village on 19 April 1944 during a training exercise. Four members of the Royal Air Force were killed.

Parliamentary elections
The Member of Parliament for the parliamentary constituency of Rushcliffe is Kenneth Clarke, of the Conservative party, who has held the seat since 1970. Despite stating he would not stand for reelection in June 2016 (before the announcement of the 2017 election), Ken Clarke stood for reelection at the 2017 General Election and was reelected with a reduced majority of 8,010. The voter turnout for Rushcliffe was 78%, which was the ninth highest in the country.

County council
For Nottinghamshire County Council elections the parish comes within the Leake & Ruddington electoral ward, which has two council seats. The most recent election was in May 2017, when Andy Brown and Reg Adair, both of the Conservative party, won the two available seats.

Borough council
For the election of a councillor to Rushcliffe Borough Council, the parish forms part of the Leake ward, which has three council seats. The most recent election was on 7 May 2015 when Ronald Hetherington, Margaret Males and John Thurman, all of the Conservative party, won the three available seats. The next Borough election will be on 2 May 2019.

Parish council
The parish council has seven seats. Council meetings usually take place on the first Thursday of each month at the village hall.

Historic
The parish fell within the ancient Rushcliffe wapentake of Nottinghamshire. Before 1894 Normanton, along with the nearby villages of Sutton Bonnington, Stanford on Soar, East Leake and West Leake, was part of the Loughborough Rural Sanitary District. From 1894 the parish was part of the Leake Rural District, until its abolition in 1935, when the parish was then transferred to the Basford Rural District. In 1974 the Basford Rural District was abolished and the non-metropolitan district of Rushcliffe was created, which Normanton became part of.

Education and schools
Within the village there is a small primary school, located on Main Street, catering for children aged between three and eleven. In its most recent Ofsted report (2013) the school was rated as Good.

Transport
The village is served by the Skylink bus service, operated by Trent Barton, which can be taken from the edge of the village on the A6006. The village is also served by the volunteer-run Soar Valley Bus service which can be taken from within the village. Both bus services provide regular journeys to Loughborough and Nottingham.

Other amenities
The Village Hall, built in 2007, is located south within the village and is available for hire. The community shop is run by volunteers and is located at the rear of the Village Hall. The shop is open Monday to Friday and Saturday morning. The Village Hall is surrounded by 5 acres of playing fields with an outdoor children's play area. The village allotments are located behind the Village Hall.

The Soar Boating Club is a private members club which was founded in the spring of 1953. In 1961 the club acquired its current position on Main Street. The club has a membership of around 100 boats and holds its main annual rally over the spring bank holiday.

The village has a pub, located on Main Street, called the Plough Inn. The pub is positioned along the river bank and offers free moorings. Next to the Plough Inn, but separate, Soar Lane offers access to a slipway for launching river craft.

title: Normanton on Soar


text:
User talk:James Rawlinson

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:02, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:James Rawlinson


text:
User talk:64.132.172.213

Nolan
Hello. Your recent edit to Nolan appears to have added the name of a non-notable entity to a list that normally includes only notable entries. In general, a person, organization or product added to a list should have a pre-existing article before being added to most lists. If you wish to create such an article, please first confirm that the subject qualifies for a separate, stand-alone article according to Wikipedia's notability guideline. Thank you. - Arjayay (talk) 14:41, 12 April 2019 (UTC)

January 2020
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at History of Amazon. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism may result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. Zim Zala Bim talk 18:30, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

Please stop making test edits to Wikipedia, as you did to History of Amazon. It is considered vandalism, which, under Wikipedia policy, can lead to being blocked from editing. If you would like to experiment again, please use the sandbox. – Gilliam (talk) 18:31, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

title: User talk:64.132.172.213


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Cape Elizabeth Light

Cape Elizabeth Light (also known as Two Lights) is a lighthouse in Cape Elizabeth, at the southwestern entrance to Casco Bay in Maine.

Only the eastern tower of the two that made up the light station until 1924 is active. Until recently, the eastern light used a second-order Fresnel lens. The western tower is deactivated, but remains standing. Public Access to the light station is prohibited by both the US Government and multiple private landowners. the US Government The facility is adjacent to Two Lights State Park, a 41 acre state facility. However, the park no longer has view of the lighthouses, and some folks opt to tour the area by boat to avoid trespassing. The park was the Cape Elizabeth Military Reservation, part of the Harbor Defenses of Portland, in World War II. During that war the former western lighthouse was a fire control tower.

Cape Elizabeth Light, designed in the Gothic Revival style, was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Two Lights on December 27, 1974.

History
The area is known as "Two Lights" due to the history of the station. It was originally built in 1828 as two rubble stone towers 300 yd apart. A steam-driven warning whistle was installed in the nearby brick fog signal station in 1869, the first used in North America. In 1874, both structures were replaced by conical towers made of cast-iron, each 67 ft high and 129 ft above sea level. Despite its twin beacons, Cape Elizabeth witnessed many shipwrecks. In January 1885, during a raging snowstorm, keeper Marcus A. Hanna made a daring rescue of two seamen from the schooner Australia, which had run aground on a nearby ledge.

The use of multiple lights in a given site was discontinued in 1924. The western light was removed from service, and was converted into a coastal artillery fire control tower for the Harbor Defenses of Portland, serving as such through World War II. It was eventually sold in 1971 to retired actor Gary Merrill, who had been previously married to Bette Davis. Merrill sold the property in 1983.

The eastern tower remains in service as "Cape Elizabeth Light" and is often used as a motif for artists. Artist Edward Hopper painted Two Lights in Lighthouse Hill (1927) and The Lighthouse at Two Lights (1929); the latter was used on a U.S. postage stamp in 1970.

From Coast Guard website
Two rubble stone towers were first erected on Cape Elizabeth in 1828 at a cost of $4,250. President John Quincy Adams appointed Elisha Jordan as the first keeper in October 1828 at a salary of $450 per year.

In 1855 Fresnel lenses were installed and in 1869 a giant steam whistle was set up for use in foggy weather. In 1873 the rubble towers were taken down and two cast-iron edifices erected, 300 yd apart. One was a fixed and one a flashing light. A fog siren replaced the locomotive whistle.

Schooner Australia aground
One of the most thrilling episodes in the history of the lighthouse occurred on January 28, 1885, when Keeper Marcus A. Hanna saved two crew members of the schooner Australia which had run aground on the ledge near the fog signal station. The two men had taken to the rigging and were coated with ice, unable to move. The captain was drowned as a huge comber washed the deck. Keeper Hanna, securing a heavy iron weight to the end of a stout line, attempted time and again to reach the men with it. Suddenly a towering wave struck the schooner and smashed her against the rocks, putting her on her beam ends.

Keeper Hanna again threw his line and watched it land on the schooner. One of the seamen managed to reach it and bent it around his waist. Then he jumped into the sea and the keeper, with great effort, pulled him up over the rocky ledge. The keeper now heaved the line a second time and finally it reached the second seaman who wound it around his icy body. Then he too jumped into the ocean. Just as the keeper's strength was exhausted in trying to haul ashore the second man, help came in the shape of the keeper's assistant and two neighbors, who helped haul the man to safety.

title: Cape Elizabeth Light


text:
User talk:TopazLJF

I have nominated all your uploaded images for deletion on Images and media for deletion, since they do not appear to have been uploaded for use in any Wikipedia article and because they are marked as copyrighted and no source is given. — Ливай | ☺ 18:01, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:CaseYorke.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:CaseYorke.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Sandstein 06:07, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:TopazLJF


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Flimwell

Flimwell is a village in the civil parish of Ticehurst, in the Rother district of East Sussex, England. It is located close to the border with Kent at the junction of the A21 road with the A268 and the B2087. The village is situated in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty near Bewl Water and Bedgebury Pinetum, and neighbouring villages include Ticehurst, Hurst Green and Hawkhurst.

The origin of the place-name is from the Old English words fliema and wella meaning the spring of the fugitives. The placename appears as Flimenwelle in 1210.

The village is linear in shape and the largest of a group of settlements, some of which contain large residential properties, to both the west and east of the A21. Other settlements are Union Street and Dale Hill to the west, and Seacox Heath to the east. Including the surrounding woods and fields, Flimwell covers an area of approximately 3.5 km2, of which only approximately 5% is built-up.

A new village hall was completed in 2020. There are a number of businesses & facilities in and around the village, including an award-winning smokery and wine store, pub, motel, pine furniture shop, church, cricket ground with pavilion, playground, a park with a café and offices, and various other businesses.

Flimwell parish church is dedicated to St Augustine of Canterbury.

In the 16th century, Flimwell was one of the stages on the post road from London to Rye.

On the eastern edge of the village lies Seacox Heath, a dacha owned by the Russian Embassy and used by its staff. Built in 1871 by architects Carpenter and Slater, it is a Grade II listed building in the style of a French chateau. The dacha was the subject of news reports in 1999, when dogs from the estate were said to have 'killed approx. 50 ewes and attacked 100 others'. The British Government is considering gifting the property to the Ukrainian Government as compensation for the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

title: Flimwell


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Roman goose

The Roman goose is an Italian breed of domestic goose. It is said to be one of the oldest breeds of goose, bred more than 2000 years ago and originally sacred to the goddess Juno.

These are a light weight smaller breed of geese with a tuft of feathers on their head. They are either solid white or spotted white and brown.

History
Sometime in the early 4th century BC, as the Gauls attempted to sneak into Rome under cover of night, it is said that the honking of Roman geese alerted the Romans and saved the capitol. In honour of this, the Romans later founded a temple to Juno, to whom the geese were considered sacred. Geese were also revered in the supplicia canum annual sacrifice.

Description
These are a light weight smaller breed of geese with a tuft of feathers on their head. These geese are only admitted if they are solid white. No marking is allowed for them to be considered Roman Tuft. Roman Tuft consist of solid white, but some can have brown or tan spots. They show rosy pink beaks and feet or red-orange. All have bright blue eyes. The goose is of medium length and weight and generally long neck. Roman tuft are a generally docile breed and good watch-geese.

Uses
In the modern period, it is kept for a range of purposes such as for meat and eggs depending on location. It is a popular exhibition breed in North America, where it is more commonly known as the tufted Roman goose and possesses a crest. In Europe, it is primarily kept as a utility meat breed, while in Australia, they are used for both purposes. Crests are optional in Europe and Australia.

Eggs
Roman geese can live up to 25 years and lay between 25 and 35 eggs per year. An egg takes 28 to 30 days for incubation. If you continuously take their eggs they will lay more than the average amount.

These geese will begin to lay early spring. During this time the head gander will become aggressive.

Showing
When showing Roman Tuft Geese, you want a goose free of any dirt, or discoloration. Red feet and beak are a large fault and are not to be bred for. Select a goose with a medium paunch. Females will have larger paunches especially during laying season.

title: Roman goose


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Okayplayer

Okayplayer is an online hip-hop and alternative music website and community, described by Rolling Stone as a "tastemaker" and "an antidote to dull promotional Web sites used by most artists".

The community was founded by The Roots' drummer Ahmir "Questlove" Thompson and author Angela Nissel as a loose musical collective in 1987, and evolved into an online community in 1999. In 2004, Questlove launched Okayplayer Records as a spin-off of the community, in partnership with Decon. After a near-decade hiatus, the label was rebooted in 2012 with Danny! as its flagship artist.

This community is made up of recording artists (who keep their official internet homes there), visitors to the site, and individuals who post on the site's message board, the most popular feature of the site.

All of the artists and staff, as well as those who post to the site's message board, are considered "okayplayers," or "OKPs" for short. Okayplayer was one of the first online hubs through which fans could interact directly with their favorite artists. Okayplayer has been identified as an online community that allows people to bypass traditional media and network with each other. An example of such a collaboration fostered by the site is the Foreign Exchange project, with Little Brother's vocalist Phonte Coleman and Dutch producer named Nicolay meeting on Okayplayer, and making an album together by sending tracks and verses back and forth over the Internet. The album, Connected, was released before the pair had met in real life.

According to Questlove, the site was originally a medium to chronicle the day-to-day life of his band, The Roots. However, it became a hub for urban music, politics, arts, and lifestyle. In addition to daily blog updates, the site featured popular messenger boards. Based in New York, Okayplayer eventually expanded into a label that produced live events.

The site also hosts affiliated specialists sites: the Revivalist for jazz, OkayAfrica for African music, LargeUp for reggae, and OkayFuture for electronic music.

In 2011, Okayplayer launched its sister site, Okayafrica, focused on African culture, politics, and music.

Okayplayer organize regular tours and an annual Roots Picnic all day event.

title: Okayplayer


text:
User talk:Mask-ex

Please don't copy content from other sites - it breaks copyright and is not allowed on the Wikipedia. --Kiand 18:02, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mask-ex


text:
User talk:R U Bn

Nomination for merging of Template:Infobox Brazilian Carnival
Template:Infobox Brazilian Carnival has been nominated for merging with Template:Infobox recurring event. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you. Izno (talk) 01:57, 28 June 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:R U Bn


text:
Interlingua (disambiguation)

Interlingua is an auxiliary language developed by the International Auxiliary Language Association.

Interlingua may also refer to:

 * An alternative name for Latino Sine Flexione, an auxiliary language developed by Giuseppe Peano as a controlled variant of Neo-Latin. This language is sometimes referred to as Peano's Interlingua (abbreviated as IL)
 * A general term describing any international auxiliary language. See also interlinguistics.
 * A language-neutral representation of semantic and grammatical concepts; see Interlingual machine translation.
 * A name given to the fictional "basic speech" used in science fiction settings, such as Star Trek and the works of Robert A. Heinlein.

title: Interlingua (disambiguation)


text:
User:Sputnikcccp

The current time is , July 29, 2024 (UTC). Welcome to me!

Interests:
My interests are weird, usually exotic, generally nerdy, and widely ranging. When editing stuff, I tend to stick to stuff I know, although recently I've become obsessed with RC patrolling: (they are listed sort of in order of importance to my life)

 * I am Jewish, and strongly so. Since Grade 4 up until Grade 12, I went to a Jewish day school. At university, I still study and am passionately interested in this wonderful and vibrant religion. I am in WikiProject Judaism (see below) and am working on improving Jewish articles.

 * I also practise Shotokan karate, and have earned my black belt, Shodan (first degree). I go to karate not only for the physical exercise and the defence knowledge, but also the self discipline, and the social aspect, as I have many friends there.

 * I love learning new languages: As well as the ones on my Babel, I’m working on classical Greek, Japanese, Russian, and I hope to learn Gaelic and Arabic. I also think it would be really cool to speak a fictional language, like Quenya or Klingon.

 * I am vegetarian and strongly stick to my morals and values, despite cynics and weak-willed carnivores.

 * I also pretend to have a life, as manifested by my “hobbies” - cooking, which I enjoy VERY much and am a contributor on WikiCookbooks; photography, (which actually is what brought me to Wikipedia: a friend suggested I add some pictures to articles); and my collections of stuff, notably seashells, of which I have hundreds and am interested in both scientifically and aesthetically.

 * Building off that, I am interested in biology, and especially marine biology. I'm majoring in classics, however, and hope to be a teacher. I'm also considering a career in anthropology/enthnoarchaeology.

 * I also absolutely LOVE travelling, and was privileged enough at the tender age of 14, to take half a year off school and take a sabbatical around the world with my family. It was an unbelievable experience. See list below of countries visited.

About me:
I grew up in Ontario, Canada, and have graduated from high school. I am attending Brandeis University this year.

According to this quiz I'm a Cultural creative and a Romanticist. Not bad... 94%    Romanticist     94%     Idealist     75%     Postmodernist     63%     Existentialist     56%     Fundamentalist     50%     Modernist     31%     Materialist     13%

Me and Wikipedia
I found Wikipedia in May of 2005. I’m already addicted to Wikipedia (I scored 430 on the Wikipedia Addiction test). I’ve added pictures, and also have expanded several stubs and substubs, especially in the Judaism sector, and have translated some articlea from the Hebrew and am working on more. Some projects that I am particularly proud of:

 * The Hebrew alphabet: I rewrote the individual article of every letter in the Hebrew alphabet so that they were standardized to the same format; see Aleph (Hebrew), Aleph (letter), Beth, etc...
 * Conchology - it was the shortest of stubs; I expanded it to fit Entomology instructure; conchology used to be my hobby, and I might add pictures of my collection.
 * I translated the articles on Challah, Meir Dizengoff, Yitzhak Salkinsohn, and Priestly Blessing. I'll be doing some more...

Happy Holidays
I made this holiday box after seeing the Christmas box on Andrew's page. I'm really happy that lots of people used it. So yes, I support the "War on Christmas" (what a POV name... maybe we should call it the War for Religious Freedom; or maybe the War for Religious Diversity; maybe even the War on Christian Domination... i like that one!)

Barnstars

News

 * I'm going to start adding more pictures, as I've FINALLY got a new camera: the Canon A510. So, I'm really excited and will be back photographing before long, when I can find time in between school and karate, and work, and after school classes, etc..

 * I finally took the plunge and made myself a user page in Hebrew. You can see it here:.

 * My user page | was vandalised for the first time, on 13 December 2005, at 9:09 PM, by User:155.97.66.49! He called me a pedophile after I reverted several of his edits to the Pedophilia article. I was reverting the vandalism when User:Sango123 beat me to it.

 * More vandalism: I woke up one morning to see this on my user page:
 * Although I make feeble attempts at proper usages of grammar and spelling, my levels of rhetoric are still rather infantile and my ideals should be treated accordingly. I am a vegetarian and refuse to eat meat because I believe that cows were put on this earth by the good graces of God to look pretty, and plants were not. And although the bible of which I hold my faith (the same one that was written by my Creator) instructs me on when, how and to eat meat, I believe that my ideals far surpass this "master plan". Even though my religious beliefs ban me from advocating homosexuality, my secular beliefs condone it wholeheartedly. I am a reconstructionist Jew, but some of my beliefs are detrimental to the text in which I hold my religion. This user is secular to the point of assimilation.

 * Well, I thought I had fairly decent levels of grammar, spelling, etc.. but I guess not. As for the vegetarianism, well, I don't exactly believe cows are for looking pretty. However, if anons want to argue bible with me, I'll bite. The bible does instruct me to eat meat, but only after the expulsion from Eden (where we were all vegetarians), after we demonstrated to God that we could not be trusted to uphold a higher moral standard than taking the lives of other creatures. Part of my vegetarianism is trying to repair that trust by upholding that higher moral standard; by sparing innocent animal lives, among other things. As for homosexuality and religion, that's too big of an argument to get into on my user page, but let's just say I have lots of counter-arguments. And I can say with certainty that I do NOT consider myself secular to the point of assimilation. I was rather insulted, acually. After all, man-to-man sex is banned twice; lashon harah (taking care not to hurt other people's feelings with hurtful/untrue words) is banned 17 times. What does that say about where our priorities should lie? As well, the Torah does not forbid homosexuality. The Torah's commandment is against "a man sleeping with a man in the way that he would sleep with a woman" - that is to say, my interpretation is that this forbids a relationship based on power (which is what the man-woman relationship was back then - the women being powerless). The Torah forbids a man to submit into a position of domination by another man; thus, we learn that man-man relationships (and we could do well to apply this to all relationships) should only be loving and with mutually commitment, and should be handled with care to allow both partners to feel valued and significant in this relationship. That's my opinion, of course, and I allow others to respectfully disagree. As for the vandal's last point; I actually am not reconstructionist, I just go to a reconstructionist synagogue but consider myself "under-construction-ist" (just joking). I would say I am fairly observant, I keep Shabbat, I keep kashrut, I try and follow the ethical life God has set out for me in the Torah and our later interpretations of it (Torah sheBa'al Pe); even so, I do not affiliate with any movement. I think the last thing Judaism needs is more fragmentation. We're as divided as it are; what ever happened to "K'lal Yisrael"? I may seem a little radical or edge to some, but that's the way I am. And that's enough for today.  СПУТНИК СССР 12:43, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

Milestones
My 500th edit:

My 750th edit:

My 1000th edit:

My 1500th edit:

My first newcomer welcomed: here (note: this user is now User:Roorback)

My 200th page edited here:

My 400th page edited here:

My 100th page that was deleted after I added a delete tag: Justin_Rugnetta

My 300th article edit:

Wikipedia's One Millionth Article!!! Congratulations!

Legalities
I keep seeing everyone with this stuff, so I guess this is necessary.

I agree to multi-license all my text contributions to the main, main talk and template namespaces, as described below. Contributions in other namespaces, such as user pages, are excluded. This agreement remains in effect so long as the following notice remains on my page.

My Userboxes:

he:משתמש:נלך-ציונה

title: User:Sputnikcccp


text:
Wikipedia:Remove personal attacks/Temp

Purpose
Personal attacks are not allowed on Wikipedia. Repeat offenders can be reported to the administration and temporarily or even permanently banned.

Disciplinary proceedings, however, do not repair all the damage caused by the personal attack. Many discussion threads continue for a long period and/or are archived for future reference. The personal attacks may continue to contribute to a deteriorating discussion climate, to edit wars and even to intimidation of other users from participating in the debate. Personal attacks obscure the fact-based discussion and have a demonstrated tendency to reduce the discussion to a morass of accusations and counter-accusations. The damage can continue long after the attack was made and in some cases even after the attacker gets banned.

In certain limited circumstances, it can be beneficial to remove the personal attack from the discussion thread.

Limitations and qualifiers

 * 1) Before removing a personal attack, make sure that you start with your own.  Removing the personal attacks of others while continuing to make inflammatory comments may result in a perception that you are attempting to bias the discussion.
 * 2) Remove only the personal attack.  Do not remove any facts presented or any opinions which are relevant to the discussion (even if they are hostile opinions).  See the examples below.
 * 3) Do not destroy the context of the discussion.  All statements in the discussion should still make sense after the edit.  For example, if you refactor a personal insult but do not refactor an insulting response, you will have destroyed the context in which the response was made.  Likewise, if you remove a comparatively mild comment, you may leave future readers with the impression that the offense was much more serious than it was.
 * 4) Do not attempt to hide the fact that a personal attack was made or that it was removed.  See the suggested techniques below.
 * 5) If the personal attack was directed against you, consider letting some third party make the edit.  Again, this reduces the perception of possible bias.
 * 6) If an edit was made citing this rule but it was not a personal attack, revert the edit.  Both interested parties (alleged attacker and alleged victim) should defer to the judgment of a third party in the case of disputed interpretations.
 * 7) Many users consider it a good idea to refactor later - wait until the passions have cooled a bit and then clean-up the discussion.  A premature or hasty removal of a comment can actually inflame the discussion rather than cool it.  The decision about when to remove a personal attack should be made carefully and in the context of the current state of the discussion.  Be prepared to have the edit reverted if others consider it controversial.
 * 8) This policy only concerns comments on talk and discussion pages. Personal attacks on article pages should simply be edited in accordance with the NPOV guidelines.

Examples of personal attacks
Personal attacks are the parts of a comment which can be considered personally offensive and which have no relevant factual content. Examples:
 * "You moron!"
 * "Your prose is horrible, it could have been written by a third grader."
 * "Once again, you have shown that you have no interest in being neutral."
 * "You clearly don't know what you are talking about."
 * "This is just typical of you and your ilk."

Counter examples
The following are not personal attacks -- they are not nice, but they are not covered by this guideline no matter how much you personally want to remove the comment:

How to remove the personal attack
For short comments, replace the personal attack with the piped link (personal attack removed) and a good edit summary. This technique preserves a clear record that an edit was made to the comment of another. Any future reader/editors can easily review the edit to confirm that the edit was made in good faith and was appropriate in the circumstance.

In some cases, you may have to refactor the entire discussion. This can be useful when sanitizing an entire flame war. Put a disclaimer on the top and link to the pre-refactored text in the page history, then follow the general guidelines for refactoring.

When a comment is part personal attack and part factual, the factual content must not be removed or changed. For example, "The claims about the dynasty are more of your usual nonsense." might be edited to "The claims about the dynasty are [incorrect] (personal attack removed)."

In some cases, it may be sufficient to strikeout the personal attack. (Bracket the attack with  and   which results in " You moron ".)  The comment remains visible and a part of the record but the strikeout can serve as a formal recognition that the comment was inappropriate. This is also an accepted way to retract a comment that you made without destroying the context of responses to the comment.
 * Note: If you use strikeout on the comments of another person, you must clearly note that you did so in order to distinguish your edit from a retraction by the original editor.

Can't we just ignore personal attacks?
Good editors certainly try but it is very difficult. Some users are comfortable with the rough-and-tumble interchange of, for example, Usenet but many Wikipedians are intimidated and offended by open hostility.

Furthermore, recent research has shown that social rejection elicits similar brain activity to physical attacks. To oversimplify things, trying to ignore constant personal attacks can be like trying to ignore constantly being hit in the stomach. In case of non-physical attacks on Wikipedia, the intensity with which they are felt varies greatly by individual. What may seem simple to you may be very difficult to someone else.

Ignoring personal attacks also leaves them in the public record. They leave unfavorable impressions on future readers, harming the reputation of the participants and of Wikipedia generally.

Isn't editing another person's comment a kind of attack?
Only when that action is perceived as unilateral and without basis in policy. Politely refer the user to the No personal attacks page.

Remember that personal attacks are not allowed and users have been banned for making them repeatedly. Removing the personal attack is a significantly less drastic step than requesting a ban.

This is a wiki and all contributions are subject to being "edited mercilessly" within the boundaries that we have set for ourselves. Politely removing the personal attack can be a relatively non-confrontational way of showing the user that his/her behavior went over the line.

What if a user constantly breaks the rules?
Pointing out that a user is violating a rule is not a personal attack and should not be removed. (Example: "Your edit was in violation of our policy on names, see .."). Do avoid using terms like "violation" and be as kind as possible when dealing with first time offenders.

There is an established policy for dealing with repeat offenders. You can begin by following the dispute resolution process.

But I really mean it! That user is a jerk.
See Staying cool when the editing gets hot and try to talk calmly and reasonably to the user. When nothing else helps to remedy the behaviour you consider problematic, try using one of the established banning or mediation procedures.

How do we make sure that facts and context are not lost?
Most such edits are carefully reviewed by several people including those involved in the attack. Edits that change the facts or destroy the context, whether accidentally or intentionally, are quickly reverted or fixed by other reader/editors.

Aren't we rewriting history? Won't this make banning attackers harder?
No. Anyone who wants to see the full record can view all the prior revisions. The attack is still in the page history and can be linked directly to the old version of the page if necessary.

ja:Wikipedia:&

title: Wikipedia:Remove personal attacks/Temp


text:
File:Grand inquisitor.JPG

Image Description

 * Front cover of The Grand Inquisitor, a stand-alone chaper of The Brothers Karamazov.

Non-free/fair use media rationale in The Grand Inquisitor
Although this image is subject to copyright, it is covered by US fair use laws because:
 * 1) The image is only being used in the article about the book (The Grand Inquisitor) for informational and educational purposes.
 * 2) Use of the book cover visually identifies the book and its author in a manner that mere prose cannot, and meets all criteria in WP:NFCC.
 * 3) This image enhances the article in which it's displayed, as it provides an immediate relevance to the reader more capably than the textual description alone.
 * 4) The image is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.
 * 5) The image is the primary means of visual identification of the article topic.
 * 6) The image is a low resolution image of the book cover, in an inferior graphics format (JPEG).
 * 7) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 8) The use of this image will not affect the value of the original work.
 * 9) The use of this image will not limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute or make a profit from the original. In particular, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the book.

Non-free/fair use media rationale in The Brothers Karamazov
Although this image is subject to copyright, it is covered by US fair use laws because:
 * 1) The image is only being used in the article about the book (The Brothers Karamazov) it is a chapter of for informational and educational purposes.
 * 2) Use of the book cover visually identifies the book and its author in a manner that mere prose cannot, and meets all criteria in WP:NFCC.
 * 3) This image enhances the article in which it's displayed, as it provides an immediate relevance to the reader more capably than the textual description alone.
 * 4) The image is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.
 * 5) The image is the primary means of visual identification of the article topic.
 * 6) The image is a low resolution image of the book cover, in an inferior graphics format (JPEG).
 * 7) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 8) The use of this image will not affect the value of the original work.
 * 9) The use of this image will not limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute or make a profit from the original. In particular, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the book.

title: File:Grand inquisitor.JPG


text:
Talk:Transnational political party

Whig Party
Weren't the Whigs a party in the US, UK, Liberia, and Canada? Scott Ritchie 06:23, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The Whigs, to my knowledge, were seperate parties run by different people in each country. There's lots of liberal parties, for example, but they are not related in any way apart from their philosophy. Sinn Fein, on the other hand, is just one organisation which stands in two countries. Talrias (t | e | c) 09:56, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

List of Transnational Political Parties
I'll be starting one here shortly. If you think the list should have its own page, please feel free to move it there. Also, I in no way mean the list to be a full one the moment I save it to the page, so please add new parties whenever one comes to mind. And if said list already exists, kindly inform me without much ado. Thanks. Picaroon9288 21:44, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Pirate Parties
There are Pirate Parties in multiple countries (plus there is a European Pirate Party) which share some common goals, and they are represented in Pirate Parties International. I think they count as a transnational political party, but I'm not quite sure as they are still multiple parties. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Alexalexclem (talk • contribs) 10:50, 17 March 2017 (UTC)

Personally I think that unless they consider themselves a single party they shouldn't be included however quite a few of the listed European parties are associations of other parties represented in the EU. It think it would be best to wait until the PPEU gets 2 MEPs from seperate countries before including it. Lalichii (talk) 19:33, 21 March 2017 (UTC)

Lib Dems
I believe the Lib Dems allow international membership; would they fit this list? HapHaxion (talk / contribs) 00:16, 1 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Transnational political party


text:
Talk:Jennie McGraw

Untitled
This page needs a lot of clean-up.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Jennie McGraw. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060923045556/http://www.supremecourtus.gov/opinions/casefinder/casefinder_1863-1889.html to http://www.supremecourtus.gov/opinions/casefinder/casefinder_1863-1889.html

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 08:28, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jennie McGraw