text:
Leslie Jordan

Leslie Allen Jordan (April 29, 1955 – October 24, 2022) was an American actor, comedian, writer, and singer. His television roles include Beverley Leslie on Will & Grace (2001–2006 and 2017–2020), several characters on television in the American Horror Story franchise (2013–2019), Sid on The Cool Kids (2018–2019), Phil on Call Me Kat (2021–2022), and Lonnie Garr on Hearts Afire (1993–1995). On stage, he played Earl "Brother Boy" Ingram in the 1996 play Sordid Lives, later portraying the character in the 2000 film of the same name. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Jordan became an Instagram contributor, amassing 5.8 million followers in 2020, and published his autobiography ''How Y'all Doing? Misadventures and Mischief from a Life Well Lived'' in April 2021.

Early and personal life
Jordan was born on April 29, 1955, and was raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He graduated from Brainerd High School. Jordan said his mother, Peggy Ann Jordan (née Griffin; 1935–2022), was supportive and accepting, despite never truly understanding him. Jordan's father, Allen Bernard Jordan, was a major in the United States Army Reserve and died, along with two others, in the crash of a civilian Beechcraft Debonair airplane at Camp Shelby, on March 31, 1967, when Jordan was almost 12 years old. In a 2014 interview, Jordan said that he had a difficult time growing up Southern Baptist. "I was baptized 14 times. Every time the preacher would say, 'Come forward, sinners!' I'd say, 'Oooh, I was out in the woods with that boy. I better go forward.'"

Jordan moved to Los Angeles in 1982, where he became involved with drugs and alcohol and was arrested several times. He began to journal daily, which helped him recover from drug and alcohol abuse. In 2010, Jordan told talk show host Wendy Williams that he had been sober for 13 years. In the same appearance, Jordan said that before he gave up drinking, he once shared a cell with Robert Downey Jr., and when they both appeared later on Ally McBeal, Downey couldn't quite place where they had met before. Jordan was gay. Early in the AIDS crisis, Jordan became involved in AIDS Project Los Angeles (APLA) as a buddy and as a food delivery-person for Project Angel Food.

Film and television
Jordan began his career in 1986, appearing as Malone in the adventure series The Fall Guy. He quickly became recognizable in the industry for his diminutive size and Southern drawl. He appeared as newspaper editor Mr. Blackly in the movie The Help. His television career includes guest appearances on Murphy Brown, Designing Women, Will & Grace, Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, Star Trek: Voyager, Caroline in the City, Pee-Wee's Playhouse, Reba, Boston Public, Boston Legal, Nash Bridges, American Horror Story, Perfect Strangers, and Hearts Afire. In 1990, Jordan portrayed the ski patrol director in Ski Patrol. In 2007, he guest-starred on the comedy drama Ugly Betty as celebrity-trasher Quincy Combs, and starred as Jesse Joe in the short-lived CW television program Hidden Palms.

On the television series Will & Grace, Jordan played Beverley Leslie, Karen's pretentious, poorly-closeted rival, for which he received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series at the 58th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards in 2006. His Emmy Award earned him an invitation to present the awards for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series at the 2006 Emmy Awards with Cloris Leachman a week later. Jordan starred in the pilot episode of Laugh Out, the world's first interactive, gay-themed comedy show. On August 18, 2014, Jordan became a housemate in the fourteenth season of the British reality game show Celebrity Big Brother. He was the second person to leave the Big Brother house (August 29, 2014). In January 2015, Jordan guest-starred in the British sitcom Benidorm for two episodes, as the character Buck A. Roo. On November 1, 2017, Jordan appeared in the new British television drama Living the Dream, produced jointly by Sky and Big Talk Productions, but branded as a Sky Original Production. In 2018–2019, Jordan starred in the Fox sitcom The Cool Kids, along with Martin Mull, Vicki Lawrence, and David Alan Grier.

On April 2, 2020, it was announced Jordan would play the series regular role of Phil in the Fox sitcom Call Me Kat, along with Mayim Bialik, Swoosie Kurtz, Kyla Pratt, and Cheyenne Jackson. The show premiered in January 2021. The same year, Jordan was a guest panelist on season six of The Masked Singer during Week 5 where he also did a performance of "This Little Light of Mine" as "Soft Serve". He later returned as a guest panelist in season seven and season eight. A posthumously-airing holiday episode of Lego Masters was one of his final works before his death.

Theatre
Jordan played Earl "Brother Boy" Ingram in Sordid Lives, and also portrayed this character in the popular cult film of the same name. Jordan reprised the role in a televised spin-off of the movie, which aired on Logo, where he played a character who is institutionalized in a mental hospital. He wrote and starred in the autobiographical play Lost in the Pershing Point Hotel, which was also made into a motion picture. In 2004, he toured the country performing his one-man stage comedy, Like a Dog on Linoleum, to generally favorable reviews.

Jordan's first autobiographical stage show was called Hysterical Blindness and Other Southern Tragedies That Have Plagued My Life Thus Far, with music and lyrics by Joe Patrick Ward. The production, in which Jordan was backed by a gospel choir singing satirical songs about racism and homophobia, was produced off-Broadway at the SoHo Playhouse and ran for seven months. Next, he distilled his experiences growing up as an effeminate, tiny boy in the South and in show business into an autobiographical one-man show, My Trip Down the Pink Carpet. During the opening of My Trip Down the Pink Carpet, Jordan's microphone stopped working, but he kept on with the show like nothing happened; the show was a success. After touring the nation for several months with the production, the show opened off-Broadway at the Midtown Theater on April 19, 2010. The show was produced by Jordan's friend, actress Lily Tomlin. Jordan announced on The Paul O'Grady Show that he would be bringing his show to London's Apollo Theatre.

Music
Jordan released the gospel music album Company's Comin' in 2021.

Social media
At the time of his death, Jordan had accumulated 5.8 million Instagram followers. His following grew substantially in response to his comedy posts during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Death
On October 24, 2022, at approximately 9:30 am PDT, while driving to film scenes at the Call Me Kat set, Jordan's car hit the side of a building at Cahuenga Boulevard and Romaine Street in Hollywood. He was believed to have experienced a medical episode that led to the crash. Jordan was pronounced dead at the scene. He was 67-years-old.

In January 2023, an autopsy report revealed Jordan died by "sudden cardiac dysfunction". According to the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office, Jordan died from sudden cardiac dysfunction due to arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. There was no evidence of alcohol or other drugs in Jordan's system. At the time of his death, he had been sober for more than two decades.

Awards
In 2021, Jordan received GALECA: The Society of LGBTQ Entertainment Critics' Timeless Star award, the group's career achievement honor given to "an actor or performer whose exemplary career is marked by character, wisdom and wit." Jordan accepted the award, previously bestowed on Jane Fonda, Meryl Streep, John Waters, Harvey Fierstein, Lily Tomlin, Dame Angela Lansbury, and Sir Ian McKellen, in the Society's Dorian Awards 'Toast' TV. He also won an Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series Emmy Award in 2006 for his part as Beverley Leslie in Will & Grace.

Writer

 * Lost in the Pershing Point Hotel (play)
 * My Trip Down the Pink Carpet (2008)
 * Hysterical Blindness and Other Southern Tragedies That Have Plagued My Life Thus Far
 * How Y'all Doing?: Misadventures and Mischief from a Life Well Lived (2021)

Stage

 * Found a Peanut (1986)
 * Sordid Lives (1996)
 * Southern Baptist Sissies (2000)
 * Lost in the Pershing Point Hotel
 * Like a Dog on Linoleum (2004)
 * My Trip Down the Pink Carpet (2010)
 * Lucky Guy (2011); off-Broadway musical, in the role of Big Al Wright

Discography

 * Company's Comin' (April 2, 2021)

title: Leslie Jordan


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Recursive least squares filter

Recursive least squares (RLS) is an adaptive filter algorithm that recursively finds the coefficients that minimize a weighted linear least squares cost function relating to the input signals. This approach is in contrast to other algorithms such as the least mean squares (LMS) that aim to reduce the mean square error. In the derivation of the RLS, the input signals are considered deterministic, while for the LMS and similar algorithms they are considered stochastic. Compared to most of its competitors, the RLS exhibits extremely fast convergence. However, this benefit comes at the cost of high computational complexity.

Motivation
RLS was discovered by Gauss but lay unused or ignored until 1950 when Plackett rediscovered the original work of Gauss from 1821. In general, the RLS can be used to solve any problem that can be solved by adaptive filters. For example, suppose that a signal $$d(n)$$ is transmitted over an echoey, noisy channel that causes it to be received as

 * $$x(n)=\sum_{k=0}^q b_n(k) d(n-k)+v(n)$$

where $$v(n)$$ represents additive noise. The intent of the RLS filter is to recover the desired signal $$d(n)$$ by use of a $$p+1$$-tap FIR filter, $$\mathbf{w}$$:

 * $$d(n) \approx \sum_{k=0}^{p} w(k)x(n-k)=\mathbf{w}^\mathit{T} \mathbf{x}_n$$

where $$\mathbf{x}_n = [x(n)\quad x(n-1)\quad\ldots\quad x(n-p)]^T$$ is the column vector containing the $$p+1$$ most recent samples of $$x(n)$$. The estimate of the recovered desired signal is

 * $$\hat{d}(n) = \sum_{k=0}^{p} w_n(k)x(n-k)=\mathbf{w}_n^\mathit{T} \mathbf{x}_n$$

The goal is to estimate the parameters of the filter $$\mathbf{w}$$, and at each time $$n$$ we refer to the current estimate as $$\mathbf{w}_n$$ and the adapted least-squares estimate by $$\mathbf{w}_{n+1}$$. $$\mathbf{w}_n$$ is also a column vector, as shown below, and the transpose, $$\mathbf{w}_n^\mathit{T}$$, is a row vector. The matrix product $$\mathbf{w}_n^\mathit{T} \mathbf{x}_n$$ (which is the dot product of $$\mathbf{w}_n$$ and $$\mathbf{x}_n$$) is $$\hat{d}(n)$$, a scalar. The estimate is "good" if $$\hat{d}(n)-d(n)$$ is small in magnitude in some least squares sense.

As time evolves, it is desired to avoid completely redoing the least squares algorithm to find the new estimate for $$\mathbf{w}_{n+1}$$, in terms of $$\mathbf{w}_n$$.

The benefit of the RLS algorithm is that there is no need to invert matrices, thereby saving computational cost. Another advantage is that it provides intuition behind such results as the Kalman filter.

Discussion
The idea behind RLS filters is to minimize a cost function $$C$$ by appropriately selecting the filter coefficients $$\mathbf{w}_n$$, updating the filter as new data arrives. The error signal $$e(n)$$ and desired signal $$d(n)$$ are defined in the negative feedback diagram below:

The error implicitly depends on the filter coefficients through the estimate $$\hat{d}(n)$$:

 * $$e(n)=d(n)-\hat{d}(n)$$

The weighted least squares error function $$C$$—the cost function we desire to minimize—being a function of $$e(n)$$ is therefore also dependent on the filter coefficients:
 * $$C(\mathbf{w}_n)=\sum_{i=0}^n\lambda^{n-i}e^2(i)$$

where $$0<\lambda\le 1$$ is the "forgetting factor" which gives exponentially less weight to older error samples.

The cost function is minimized by taking the partial derivatives for all entries $$k$$ of the coefficient vector $$\mathbf{w}_{n}$$ and setting the results to zero
 * $$\frac{\partial C(\mathbf{w}_n)}{\partial w_n(k)}=\sum_{i=0}^n 2\lambda^{n-i}e(i)\cdot \frac{\partial e(i)}{\partial w_n(k)}=-\sum_{i=0}^n 2\lambda^{n-i}e(i)\,x(i-k)=0 \qquad k=0,1,\ldots,p$$

Next, replace $$e(n)$$ with the definition of the error signal
 * $$\sum_{i=0}^n\lambda^{n-i}\left[d(i)-\sum_{\ell=0}^p w_n(\ell)x(i-\ell)\right]x(i-k)= 0\qquad k=0,1,\ldots,p$$

Rearranging the equation yields
 * $$\sum_{\ell=0}^p w_n(\ell)\left[\sum_{i=0}^n \lambda^{n-i}\,x(i-\ell)x(i-k)\right]= \sum_{i=0}^n \lambda^{n-i}d(i)x(i-k) \qquad k=0,1,\ldots,p$$

This form can be expressed in terms of matrices
 * $$\mathbf{R}_{x}(n)\,\mathbf{w}_{n}=\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n)$$

where $$\mathbf{R}_{x}(n)$$ is the weighted sample covariance matrix for $$x(n)$$, and $$\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n)$$ is the equivalent estimate for the cross-covariance between $$d(n)$$ and $$x(n)$$. Based on this expression we find the coefficients which minimize the cost function as
 * $$\mathbf{w}_{n}=\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n)\,\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n)$$

This is the main result of the discussion.

Choosing λ
The smaller $$\lambda$$ is, the smaller is the contribution of previous samples to the covariance matrix. This makes the filter more sensitive to recent samples, which means more fluctuations in the filter co-efficients. The $$\lambda=1$$ case is referred to as the growing window RLS algorithm. In practice, $$\lambda$$ is usually chosen between 0.98 and 1. By using type-II maximum likelihood estimation the optimal $$\lambda$$ can be estimated from a set of data.

Recursive algorithm
The discussion resulted in a single equation to determine a coefficient vector which minimizes the cost function. In this section we want to derive a recursive solution of the form
 * $$\mathbf{w}_{n}=\mathbf{w}_{n-1}+\Delta\mathbf{w}_{n-1}$$

where $$\Delta\mathbf{w}_{n-1}$$ is a correction factor at time $${n-1}$$. We start the derivation of the recursive algorithm by expressing the cross covariance $$\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n)$$ in terms of $$\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)$$

where $$\mathbf{x}(i)$$ is the $${p+1}$$ dimensional data vector
 * $$\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n)$$
 * $$=\sum_{i=0}^{n}\lambda^{n-i}d(i)\mathbf{x}(i)$$
 * $$=\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}\lambda^{n-i}d(i)\mathbf{x}(i)+\lambda^{0}d(n)\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * $$=\lambda\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)+d(n)\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * }
 * $$=\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}\lambda^{n-i}d(i)\mathbf{x}(i)+\lambda^{0}d(n)\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * $$=\lambda\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)+d(n)\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * }
 * $$=\lambda\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)+d(n)\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * }
 * $$\mathbf{x}(i)=[x(i), x(i-1), \dots, x(i-p) ]^{T}$$

Similarly we express $$\mathbf{R}_{x}(n)$$ in terms of $$\mathbf{R}_{x}(n-1)$$ by

In order to generate the coefficient vector we are interested in the inverse of the deterministic auto-covariance matrix. For that task the Woodbury matrix identity comes in handy. With
 * $$\mathbf{R}_{x}(n)$$
 * $$=\sum_{i=0}^{n}\lambda^{n-i}\mathbf{x}(i)\mathbf{x}^{T}(i)$$
 * $$=\lambda\mathbf{R}_{x}(n-1)+\mathbf{x}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)$$
 * }
 * $$=\lambda\mathbf{R}_{x}(n-1)+\mathbf{x}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)$$
 * }
 * }

The Woodbury matrix identity follows
 * $$A$$
 * $$=\lambda\mathbf{R}_{x}(n-1)$$ is $$(p+1)$$-by-$$(p+1)$$
 * $$U$$
 * $$=\mathbf{x}(n)$$ is $$(p+1)$$-by-1 (column vector)
 * $$V$$
 * $$=\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)$$ is 1-by-$$(p+1)$$ (row vector)
 * $$C$$
 * $$=\mathbf{I}_1$$ is the 1-by-1 identity matrix
 * }
 * $$C$$
 * $$=\mathbf{I}_1$$ is the 1-by-1 identity matrix
 * }
 * }

 * $$\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n)$$
 * $$\left[\lambda\mathbf{R}_{x}(n-1)+\mathbf{x}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\right]^{-1}$$
 * $$\dfrac{1}{\lambda}\left\lbrace\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)-\dfrac{\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)}{\lambda+\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)}\right\rbrace$$
 * $$\left[\lambda\mathbf{R}_{x}(n-1)+\mathbf{x}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\right]^{-1}$$
 * $$\dfrac{1}{\lambda}\left\lbrace\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)-\dfrac{\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)}{\lambda+\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)}\right\rbrace$$
 * $$\dfrac{1}{\lambda}\left\lbrace\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)-\dfrac{\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)}{\lambda+\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)}\right\rbrace$$
 * $$\dfrac{1}{\lambda}\left\lbrace\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)-\dfrac{\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)}{\lambda+\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)}\right\rbrace$$
 * $$\dfrac{1}{\lambda}\left\lbrace\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)-\dfrac{\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)}{\lambda+\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)}\right\rbrace$$

To come in line with the standard literature, we define
 * }

where the gain vector $$g(n)$$ is
 * $$\mathbf{P}(n)$$
 * $$=\mathbf{R}_{x}^{-1}(n)$$
 * $$=\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)-\mathbf{g}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)$$
 * }
 * $$=\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)-\mathbf{g}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)$$
 * }
 * }

Before we move on, it is necessary to bring $$\mathbf{g}(n)$$ into another form
 * $$\mathbf{g}(n)$$
 * $$=\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)\left\{1+\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)\right\}^{-1}$$
 * $$=\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)\left\{\lambda+\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)\right\}^{-1}$$
 * }
 * $$=\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)\left\{\lambda+\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)\right\}^{-1}$$
 * }
 * }

Subtracting the second term on the left side yields
 * $$\mathbf{g}(n)\left\{1+\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)\right\}$$
 * $$=\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * $$\mathbf{g}(n)+\mathbf{g}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * $$=\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * }
 * $$=\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * }

With the recursive definition of $$\mathbf{P}(n)$$ the desired form follows
 * $$\mathbf{g}(n)$$
 * $$=\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)-\mathbf{g}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * $$=\lambda^{-1}\left[\mathbf{P}(n-1)-\mathbf{g}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{P}(n-1)\right]\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * }
 * $$=\lambda^{-1}\left[\mathbf{P}(n-1)-\mathbf{g}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{P}(n-1)\right]\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * }
 * }
 * $$\mathbf{g}(n)=\mathbf{P}(n)\mathbf{x}(n)$$

Now we are ready to complete the recursion. As discussed

The second step follows from the recursive definition of $$\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n )$$. Next we incorporate the recursive definition of $$\mathbf{P}(n)$$ together with the alternate form of $$\mathbf{g}(n)$$ and get
 * $$\mathbf{w}_{n}$$
 * $$=\mathbf{P}(n)\,\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n)$$
 * $$=\lambda\mathbf{P}(n)\,\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)+d(n)\mathbf{P}(n)\,\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * }
 * $$=\lambda\mathbf{P}(n)\,\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)+d(n)\mathbf{P}(n)\,\mathbf{x}(n)$$
 * }
 * }

With $$\mathbf{w}_{n-1}=\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)$$ we arrive at the update equation
 * $$\mathbf{w}_{n}$$
 * $$=\lambda\left[\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)-\mathbf{g}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\lambda^{-1}\mathbf{P}(n-1)\right]\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)+d(n)\mathbf{g}(n)$$
 * $$=\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)-\mathbf{g}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)+d(n)\mathbf{g}(n)$$
 * $$=\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)+\mathbf{g}(n)\left[d(n)-\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)\right]$$
 * }
 * $$=\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)-\mathbf{g}(n)\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)+d(n)\mathbf{g}(n)$$
 * $$=\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)+\mathbf{g}(n)\left[d(n)-\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)\right]$$
 * }
 * $$=\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)+\mathbf{g}(n)\left[d(n)-\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{P}(n-1)\mathbf{r}_{dx}(n-1)\right]$$
 * }

where $$\alpha(n)=d(n)-\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{w}_{n-1}$$ is the a priori error. Compare this with the a posteriori error; the error calculated after the filter is updated:
 * $$\mathbf{w}_{n}$$
 * $$=\mathbf{w}_{n-1}+\mathbf{g}(n)\left[d(n)-\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{w}_{n-1}\right]$$
 * $$=\mathbf{w}_{n-1}+\mathbf{g}(n)\alpha(n)$$
 * }
 * $$=\mathbf{w}_{n-1}+\mathbf{g}(n)\alpha(n)$$
 * }
 * }

 * $$e(n)=d(n)-\mathbf{x}^{T}(n)\mathbf{w}_n$$

That means we found the correction factor
 * $$\Delta\mathbf{w}_{n-1}=\mathbf{g}(n)\alpha(n)$$

This intuitively satisfying result indicates that the correction factor is directly proportional to both the error and the gain vector, which controls how much sensitivity is desired, through the weighting factor, $$\lambda$$.

RLS algorithm summary
The RLS algorithm for a p-th order RLS filter can be summarized as

The recursion for $$P$$ follows an algebraic Riccati equation and thus draws parallels to the Kalman filter.

Lattice recursive least squares filter (LRLS)
The lattice recursive least squares adaptive filter is related to the standard RLS except that it requires fewer arithmetic operations (order N). It offers additional advantages over conventional LMS algorithms such as faster convergence rates, modular structure, and insensitivity to variations in eigenvalue spread of the input correlation matrix. The LRLS algorithm described is based on a posteriori errors and includes the normalized form. The derivation is similar to the standard RLS algorithm and is based on the definition of $$d(k)\,\!$$. In the forward prediction case, we have $$d(k) = x(k)\,\!$$ with the input signal $$x(k-1)\,\!$$ as the most up to date sample. The backward prediction case is $$d(k) = x(k-i-1)\,\!$$, where i is the index of the sample in the past we want to predict, and the input signal $$x(k)\,\!$$ is the most recent sample.

Parameter summary

 * $$\kappa_f(k,i)\,\!$$ is the forward reflection coefficient

 * $$\kappa_b(k,i)\,\!$$ is the backward reflection coefficient

 * $$e_f(k,i)\,\!$$ represents the instantaneous a posteriori forward prediction error

 * $$e_b(k,i)\,\!$$ represents the instantaneous a posteriori backward prediction error

 * $$\xi^d_{b_{\min}}(k,i)\,\!$$ is the minimum least-squares backward prediction error

 * $$\xi^d_{f_{\min}}(k,i)\,\!$$ is the minimum least-squares forward prediction error

 * $$\gamma(k,i)\,\!$$ is a conversion factor between a priori and a posteriori errors

 * $$v_i(k)\,\!$$ are the feedforward multiplier coefficients.

 * $$\varepsilon\,\!$$ is a small positive constant that can be 0.01

LRLS algorithm summary
The algorithm for a LRLS filter can be summarized as

Normalized lattice recursive least squares filter (NLRLS)
The normalized form of the LRLS has fewer recursions and variables. It can be calculated by applying a normalization to the internal variables of the algorithm which will keep their magnitude bounded by one. This is generally not used in real-time applications because of the number of division and square-root operations which comes with a high computational load.

NLRLS algorithm summary
The algorithm for a NLRLS filter can be summarized as

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Recursive least squares filter


text:
Al-Nasa'i

Al-Nasāʾī (214 – 303 AH; c. 829 – 915 CE), full name Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Aḥmad ibn Shuʿayb ibn ʿAlī ibn Sinān ibn Baḥr ibn Dīnar al-Khurasānī al-Nasāʾī, was a noted collector of hadith (sayings of Muhammad), from the city of Nasa (early Khorasan and present day Turkmenistan), and the author of "As-Sunan", one of the six canonical hadith collections recognized by Sunni Muslims. From his "As-Sunan al-Kubra (The Large Sunan)" he wrote an abridged version, "Al-Mujtaba" or Sunan al-Sughra (The Concise Sunan). Of the fifteen books he is known to have written, six treat the science of hadīth.

Biography
Of Persian origin, Al-Nasa'i himself states he was born in the year 830 (215 h.) - although some say it was in 829 or 869 (214 or 255 h.) - in the city of Nasa in present-day Turkmenistan - part of Khorasan, a region in Western Asia and Central Asia known for its many centres of Islamic learning. There he attended the gatherings and circles of knowledge, known as "halaqat". At about 15 years old, he began his travels with his first journey to Qutaibah. He covered the whole Arabian Peninsula seeking knowledge from scholars in Iraq, Kufa, the Hijaz, Syria and Egypt, where he eventually settled. A habit of his was to fast every other day, as this was a habit of Dawud.

Death
In 302 AH/915 AD, he stopped by in the city of Damascus in between his long journey from Cairo to Mecca just as a stopping point. Near the time of his death, he had become a renowned scholar in the Islamic world and decided to give a speech in the Umayyad Mosque as a scholar of his repute tends to do. The lecture he did was on the virtues of the companions of Muhammad, specifically throughout the lecture he recited the virtues of Ali that he had heard of throughout his life. His narrating the virtues of Ali railed up the crowd due to the anti-Alid sentiments in Damascus. In opposition, the crowd felt that there was nothing about Mu'awiya I in the lecture and asked him to narrate something related to the Umayyad caliph. He responded back by saying the only narration that he had heard about him about Mu'awiya by Muhammed was when Muhammed prayed to Allah saying "May Allah not fill his stomach". The crowd took this narration as a demerit from Muhammad leading the crowd to beat him. Those anti-Alid Syrians crushed Imam an-Nasa'i's testicles and cut open his stomach because of which Imam got martyred.

Teachers
According to the hafiz Ibn Hajr Alaih, al-Nasa'i's teachers were too numerous to name, but included:

 * Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh
 * Imam Abu Daud Al-Sijistani (author of Sunan Abu Dawood)
 * Qutayba ibn Sa'id

Hafiz ibn Hajr and others claimed that Imam Bukhari was among his teachers. However Al-Mizzi, refutes that the Imam ever met him. As-Sakhawi gives the reasons in great detail for al-Mizzi's claim that they never met, but argues these must apply also to his claim that An-Nasa'i heard from Abu Dawud. Moreover, Ibn Mundah narrates the following: We were informed by Hamzah, that an-Nasa'i, Abu Abd-ur-Rahman informed us saying, 'I heard Muhammad Ibn Isma'il Al-Bukhari... ' Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub al-Juzajani was also an influence.

In Egypt an-Nasa'i began to lecture, mostly narrating ahadith (hadith plural) to the extent that he became known by the title "Hafizul Hadeeth". His lectures were well attended and among his many students were the scholars:

 * Imam Abul Qasim Tabrani
 * Imam Abu Bakr Ahmed ibn Muhammad, also known as Allamah ibn Sunni
 * Sheikh Ali, the son of the Muhaddith, Imam Tahawi.

School of Thought
Imam Izzakie was a follower of the Shafi'i fiqh (jurisprudence) according to Allamah as-Subki, Shah Waliullah, Shah Abdulaziz and many other scholars. The renowned scholars, Allamah Anwar Shah Kashmiri and Ibn Taymiyyah consider him a Hanbali.

Family
Imam an-Nasa'i had four wives but historians mention only one son, Abdul Kareem, a narrator of the Sunan of his father.

Books
Selected works:

 * As-Sunan al-Kubra
 * Sunan Al-Sugra/ Al-Mujtana/ Al-Mujtaba
 * Amul Yawmi Wallaylah
 * Kitaby Dufai wal Matrookeen
 * Khasais of Amir Al Momenin
 * Al-Jurhu wa Ta'adeel
 * Sunan An-Nisa'i
 * Qasayis e Murtazavi

title: Al-Nasa'i


text:
Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts

Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts (Црногорска академија наука и умјетности, ЦАНУ; Crnogorska akademija nauka i umjetnosti, CANU) is the most important scientific institution of Montenegro.

History
It was founded in 1973 as the Montenegrin Society for Science and Arts (Црногорско друштво за науку и умјетност, Crnogorsko društvo za nauku i umjetnost) and adopted its current name in 1976. It currently has 40 members (academicians) in three departments: natural sciences, humanities and arts.

The CANU has often been considered and described as a pro-Serbian institution in Montenegro, as the academy' posits the Serb ethnic origin of the Montenegrins. In opposition to this, a splinter group of intellectuals had formed the Doclean Academy of Sciences and Arts (DANU) in 1997, registered as a non-governmental organization, in an attempt to counter the official pro-Serbian academy.

Amid the constitutional reforms of 2007 CANU had resisted the standardization of the Montenegrin literary standard supporting the interpretation according to which Montenegrin is a "dialect" of the Serbian language. Some of CANU's prominent members have actively participated in the campaign against Montenegro's independence in the 2006 independence referendum. CANU president Momir Đurović had in 2007 maintained contacts with members of the pro-Serbian political opposition, and had visited the headquarters of the Serb People's Party and its leader Andrija Mandić during the negotiations on language-naming in the new constitution. The Academy has also criticized Montenegrin government's decision to recognize Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence.

However, in 2015 DANU was merged into CANU, as all of its active members were accepted into membership and DANU was consequently disbanded, with CANU remaining the sole official scientific institution in Montenegro.

Presidents
List of presidents of the Montenegrin Academy of Arts and Sciences:
 * Historian Branko Pavićević (born 1922) (1973–1981),
 * Economist Branislav Šoškić (born 1922) (1981–1985),
 * Economist Mirčeta Ðurović (born 1924) (1985–1989),
 * Surgeon Dragutin Vukotić (born 1924) (1989–2001),
 * Engineer Momir Ðurović (born 1941) (2002-2016)
 * Jurist Dragan Vukčević (born 1958) (2016–present)

Notable members
Notable historical, former and currently active members of the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts (CANU):
 * Social Sciences; Miomir Dašić, Zoran Lakić, Vlado Strugar, Branko Pavićević, Branislav Šoškić, Božina Ivanović, Mirčeta Đurović, Sima Ćirković, Nebojša Vučinić, Slobodan Perović, Šerbo Rastoder, Milorad Ekmečić and Branislav Đurđev
 * Natural Sciences: Ljubiša Stanković, Slobodan Backović, Vojin Dajović, Momir Đurović, Dragiša Ivanović and Ivo Šlaus
 * Arts: Vojo Stanić, Milos Vusković, Aleksandar Prijić, Dušan Vukotić, Mihailo Lalić, Radovan Zogović, Ćamil Sijarić, Žarko Đurović, Čedo Vuković, Dimitrije Popović, Sreten Asanović, Cvetan Grozdanov, Petar Omčikus, Asim Peco, Milivoj Solar, Zdravko Velimirović, Branko Popović, Jevrem Brković and Nikola Vukčević


text:
Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, 1st Marquis of Sá da Bandeira

Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, 1st Marquess de Sá da Bandeira (26 September 1795 – 6 January 1876) was a Portuguese nobleman and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Portugal for five times. He was the most prominent Portuguese defender of the abolition of slavery in Portugal and its domains.

Life
Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo was born in Santarém in 1795 to Faustino José Lopes Nogueira de Figueiredo e Silva (1767–1830) and Francisca Xavier de Sá Mendonça Cabral da Cunha Godinho (1772–1829). Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo supported the liberal party during the Liberal Wars (1828–1834), and took part in the landing at Mindelo in July 1832. He fought in the Siege of Porto and was wounded in his right arm, which had to be amputated.

Sá da Bandeira was Minister of the Navy in the government of José Jorge Loureiro (1835–36). He was Prime Minister of Portugal for five terms:
 * 5 November 1836 – 1 June 1837
 * 10 August 1837 – 18 April 1839
 * 17 April 1865 – 5 September 1865
 * 22 July 1868 – 11 August 1869
 * 29 August – 29 October 1870

He never married but he had a legitimised daughter born out of wedlock, named Luísa Aglaé Fanny de Sá Nogueira, who married her cousin Faustino de Paiva de Sá Nogueira. The city of Lubango, Angola, was called Sá de Bandeira when the Angolan territory was under Portuguese rule.

On 4 April 1833, he was created Baron of Sá da Bandeira, on 1 December 1834, he was created Visconde de Sá da Bandeira and on 3 February 1864, he was created Marquês de Sá da Bandeira. He was also a freemason.


text: Category:Hadith compilers

title: Category:Hadith compilers


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Analyzer

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Jitse Niesen (talk) 21:49, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Analyzer
Googling indicates non-notability, and I really doubt the claims here are true. Ingoolemo  talk  23:42, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * Comment the original author of this (presumably vanity) page removed the vfd notice as soon as it went up, and as far as I can tell nothing has happened since. I figured it's easier just to move Ingoolemo's page to the new vfd thingy than to start over, no? --fuddlemark 15:32, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not notable vanity Groeck 15:33, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. Sdedeo 19:56, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax.  Paul Klenk 22:44, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
WIS (TV)

WIS (channel 10) is a television station in Columbia, South Carolina, United States, affiliated with NBC and The CW. The station is owned by Gray Television, and maintains studios on Bull and Gervais Streets (US 1/US 378) in downtown Columbia and a transmitter on Rush Road (southeast of I-20) in rural southwestern Kershaw County, outside Lugoff.

History
The station first signed on the air on November 7, 1953. The station's first telecast was a college football game between the University of South Carolina and the University of North Carolina. The Liberty Life Insurance Company, owners of WIS radio (560 AM, now WVOC) through its Broadcasting Company of the South subsidiary, and the Maresco Corporation, owners of WMSC (1320 AM, now WISW) merged their competing applications to avoid what could have been years of hearings and delays. Seven of WMSC's stockholders sold their shares in Maresco and joined the board of the television station, which was initially operated separately from WIS radio. However, the station was based alongside WIS radio at a new facility on Bull Street, where channel 10 is still headquartered today.

Charles Batson signed the station on the air, and remained the station's president and general manager until his retirement in 1983. It was the fourth television station to sign on in South Carolina and the third in the Columbia market, signing on just four months after WCOS-TV (channel 25)—which ceased operations in 1956—and two months after WNOK-TV (channel 67, now WLTX on channel 19, where it moved in 1961). WIS is the third-longest continuously operating station in the state, behind WCSC-TV in Charleston and WNOK/WLTX.

WIS radio (whose call letters stood for "Wonderful Iodine State", in reference to the abundance of iodine in the South Carolina soil) received the last new three-letter call sign in the U.S. on January 23, 1930, and the call sign was later shared with its television sibling. The station has been an NBC affiliate since its inception, owing to its radio sister's longtime affiliation with the NBC Red Network. However, until 1961, when a new channel 25 signed on as WCCA-TV (now WOLO-TV), it maintained a secondary affiliation with ABC, airing its programming outside of NBC network timeslots.

WIS-TV was a major beneficiary of an exception to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s "$2 1/2$ + 1" plan for allocating VHF television bandwidth. In the early days of broadcast television, there were twelve VHF channels available, and 69 UHF channels (which was later reduced to 56 with the removal of high-band channels 70-83 in the early 1980s). The VHF bands were more desirable because signals broadcasting on that band traveled a longer distance. Because there were only twelve VHF channels available, there were limitations as to how closely the stations could be spaced. With the release of the FCC's Sixth Report and Order in 1952, the Commission outlined a new allocation table for VHF licenses and opened up the UHF band. Through these initiatives, almost all of the United States would be able to receive two commercial VHF channels plus one non-commercial allocation. Most of the rest of the country ("1/2") would be able to receive a third VHF channel. Other areas of the country would be designated as "UHF islands", since they were too close to larger cities for VHF service. The "2" networks became CBS and NBC, "+1" represented non-commercial educational (public television, usually affiliated with NET) stations, and "1/2" became ABC, which, as the smallest and weakest network then, usually wound up with the UHF allocation where no VHF allocation was available.

Originally, Columbia was assigned two VHF licenses, channels 7 and 10. This did not sit well with Walter J. Brown, owner of WSPA (950 AM) and WSPA-FM (98.9) in Spartanburg. He pressed Governor and fellow Spartanburg resident James F. Byrnes to use his influence with the FCC to move channel 7 from Columbia to Spartanburg, allowing him to launch WSPA-TV in 1956.

With this move, Columbia was now sandwiched between Charlotte (which had respectively been awarded channels 3 and 9) to the north, Florence–Myrtle Beach (channel 8, later 13) to the east, Charleston (channels 2, 4, 5, and 7) and Savannah (channels 3, 9, and 11) to the south, Augusta (channels 6 and 12) to the west, and Greenville–Spartanburg–Asheville (channels 4, 7, and 13) to the northwest. This created a huge "doughnut" in central South Carolina where there could be only one VHF license.

WIS-TV was fortunate to gain that license, providing many people in that part of South Carolina with their first clear reception of a television signal. Until the FCC mandated all-channel tuning in 1964, viewers needed a converter to watch UHF stations, and picture quality was marginal at best even with a converter. This allowed channel 10 to become one of the most dominant television stations in the country; it has been the far-and-away market leader for most of its history.

Channel 10 originally broadcast from a self-supporting tower atop its studios on Bull Street. In 1959, WIS-TV activated its current transmitter tower in Lugoff; the tallest structure located east of the Mississippi River at the time, it more than doubled the station's coverage area and provided at least secondary coverage as far north as Charlotte, as far south as Augusta, as far west as Greenwood and as far east as Florence. This included all but five of the state's 46 counties; in fact, until the arrival of cable television in the market in the late 1970s, channel 10 was one of only two stations that brought a clear signal to much of the outlying portions of the market—the other being WRLK-TV (channel 35), one of the two South Carolina Educational Television stations that serve the area. It would remain the tallest structure in South Carolina until Florence's WPDE-TV activated its signal in 1981. The station's original tower is still used as a backup; it is a longtime fixture of Columbia's skyline and is turned into a "Christmas tree of lights" during the holiday season.

For many years, WIS was one of two NBC affiliates that served the Florence–Myrtle Beach market, since that market was one of the few areas on the East Coast without its own NBC affiliate. It was the NBC affiliate of record for the Pee Dee (Florence) side of the market while Wilmington's WECT was the affiliate of record for Myrtle Beach and the Grand Strand. However, most cable systems on the Myrtle Beach side of the market began carrying WIS in the mid-1980s. After the FCC passed the syndication exclusivity rule in 1989, WIS set up a "virtual station" for cable systems in the Florence–Myrtle Beach market that aired separate syndicated programming for the area. It also began selling advertising specific to the market as well, mostly on the Pee Dee side. This ended when Raycom Media signed on an NBC affiliate within that market, WMBF-TV, in August 2008.

WIS had modest viewership on the South Carolina side of the Charlotte market for several years, especially after that city's NBC affiliation moved to WRET (channel 36, later WPCQ-TV and now WCNC-TV) in 1978. WRET's UHF signal did not have nearly as much penetration as the VHF signal of former NBC affiliate WSOC-TV (channel 9). Even after new owner Westinghouse Broadcasting doubled channel 36's transmitter power in 1979, many viewers on the South Carolina side of the market got a better signal from WIS even though its transmitter was 80 mi south of Charlotte. WIS appeared in The Charlotte Observer television listings well into the 1990s, and was carried on many cable systems on the South Carolina side of the Charlotte market well into the 21st century. A similar situation prevailed in Augusta, where WIS provided a stronger signal than WATU/WAGT (channel 26, now defunct) even though its transmitter was 100 mi north of Augusta. It remained on most Augusta-area cable systems, including in Augusta itself, well into the new millennium.

The Broadcasting Company of the South acquired several other television stations over the years. It was renamed as the Cosmos Broadcasting Corporation in 1965, with WIS radio and television serving as its flagship stations. Later in the decade, Liberty Life reorganized itself as the Liberty Corporation, with Liberty Life and Cosmos as subsidiaries. Cosmos sold WIS radio in 1986, but kept the WIS calls for channel 10. Liberty sold off its insurance businesses in 2000, bringing channel 10 directly under the Liberty Corporation banner. In 1991, after being known on-air as "TV 10" for most of its history, the station began branding itself as simply "WIS" (this was one year before the "-TV" suffix was officially dropped from its callsign); this lasted until 2003, when it branded as WIS News 10 for both general and newscast branding purposes.

On August 25, 2005, Liberty agreed to merge with Montgomery, Alabama–based Raycom Media. At the time, Raycom had already owned Fox affiliate WACH (channel 57). Raycom could not keep both stations as FCC duopoly rules forbid common ownership of two of the four highest-rated television stations in a single market based on Nielsen total-day ratings data for a given calendar month. Additionally, Columbia has only eight full-power stations, one fewer than what ownership rules allow to legally permit a duopoly in any case. Raycom opted to keep WIS and sold WACH to Barrington Broadcasting.

In February 2003, the station signed on its digital signal, becoming the last "Big Three"-affiliated station in the Columbia market to broadcast a digital signal (after WLTX, which signed on its digital signal in May 2002, and WOLO, which signed on theirs later that year). WIS' broadcasts became digital-only, effective June 12, 2009. For a week after the transition, some viewers lost access to NBC programming because WIS used its backup transmitter, which was not operating at full power. The station signed on a full-time digital transmitter from its Lugoff tower on June 19.

On June 25, 2018, Atlanta-based Gray Television announced it had reached an agreement with Raycom to merge their respective broadcasting assets (consisting of Raycom's 63 existing owned-and/or-operated television stations, including WIS), and Gray's 93 television stations) under Gray's corporate umbrella. The cash-and-stock merger transaction valued at $3.6 billion – in which Gray shareholders would acquire preferred stock currently held by Raycom – resulted in WIS gaining new sister stations in nearby markets, including CBS affiliate WRDW-TV and NBC affiliate WAGT-CD in Augusta (while separating it from WFXG) in addition to its current Raycom sister stations. The sale was approved on December 20, and was completed on January 2, 2019.

On May 29, 2019, Gray announced that WIS' second digital subchannel would become Columbia's CW affiliate effective September 30, 2019, with "Columbia's CW" replacing WKTC (channel 63). As part of the new affiliation, Bounce TV was moved to WIS-DT3, with Grit moving to WKTC-DT7.

Programming
WIS formerly preempted the third hour of the Today Show to air WIS Today; the third hour now airs on the station. However, as with most NBC affiliates, the station occasionally airs one hour of its The More You Know block on Saturday mornings prior to the station's weekend morning newscast in the event that NBC schedules a sports event during the noon hour on that day.

Over the years, channel 10 preempted NBC programming in moderation—most notably, the soap opera Search for Tomorrow during its NBC tenure from 1982 to 1986, and the 1990–91 NBC revival of Let's Make A Deal during its entire run. Although NBC has historically been far less tolerant of programming preemptions than the other networks, it was more than satisfied with WIS, which was one of its strongest affiliates. Although WIS broadcasts on a 24-hour schedule, it is one of the few remaining U.S. television stations that continues to sign off during the overnight hours for reasons other than necessary transmitter maintenance, occurring annually during the early morning hours of Christmas Day.

In 1963, the station debuted a long-running children's program Mr. Knozit, which was hosted by weather anchor Joe Pinner, who had been hired by WIS-TV a few months before. Four years later, the series would receive a Peabody Award for excellence in public service by way of children's programming. The show ran for 37 years, airing its final episode in 2000. Pinner, known in his later years as "Papa Joe", went into semi-retirement in 2000, but continued to provide weather reports and feature segments on the Friday edition of its noon newscast. He retired for good on September 1, 2018, after 55 years at the station.

WIS maintains the local rights to the highlight program from the South Carolina State Bulldogs (which it airs on Sunday mornings during the college football season); it had held rights to the South Carolina Gamecocks coach's show until the University of South Carolina decided to move the program to regional sports network Fox Sports Carolinas. After the Gamecocks joined the Southeastern Conference, WIS obtained the local television rights to Southeastern Conference football and men's basketball games (which made the station the home of the South Carolina Gamecocks); WOLO-TV (channel 25) and WKTC (channel 63) assumed rights to the games starting with the conference's 2010–11 athletic season. Since 2024, WIS's 4th subchannel has aired select matches featuring the Charleston Battery of the USL Championship.

News operation
WIS presently broadcasts 40 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with seven hours on weekdays, two hours on Saturdays and three hours on Sundays); in addition, the station produces the public affairs program Awareness, which airs Sundays at 11 a.m. WIS is a partner in the Raycom News Network, a system designed to rapidly share information on-air and online among Raycom's and Meredith Corporation's widespread groups of television stations (now all owned by Gray). In South Carolina, the company developed a regional network between WIS, WMBF, WCSC-TV in Charleston, WBTV in Charlotte and WHNS-TV in Greenville, in which stations share information, equipment such as satellite trucks and stories filed by the stations. Between them, these five stations cover almost all of South Carolina. Wilmington's WECT and Savannah's WTOC-TV also play a small part in the regional network.

For the better part of channel 10's history, its newscasts dominated the ratings in Columbia. Cosmos/Liberty made it a point to pour significant resources into its stations' news departments from the 1950s onward. This resulted in a higher-quality product than conventional wisdom would suggest for a market of Columbia's size. Although Columbia was the state's largest city for most of the 20th century and well into the new millennium, it has always been a small-to-medium-sized market because the surrounding suburban and rural areas are not much larger than the city itself. The station took full advantage of its near-statewide coverage to establish a tradition for strong local news coverage that continues today. Its dominance was helped by the fact that it was the only VHF station in the market. From the late 1970s until the mid-1990s, it was the only station in the market that offered a full schedule of local newscasts in all four dayparts (morning, midday, early and late evening).

Another factor behind WIS' run atop Columbia's ratings has been talent continuity. These staffers included news anchors Ed Carter and Susan Audé, who gained notoriety for her accomplishments as a reporter and anchor. Audé used a wheelchair due to having been paralyzed in an automobile accident. Carter became the station's main anchor in 1972, and Audé—by then known as Susan Audé Fisher (she divorced in 2000)—joined him at the anchor desk in 1982. The two remained paired together on its weekday evening newscasts until Carter retired in 1998; Audé later retired in 2006. As mentioned above, Joe Pinner served as a weatherman and children's host at the station from 1963 until his retirement in 2018. Jim Gandy, the station's chief meteorologist from 1984 to 1999, was known as "South Carolina's Weatherman"; he was the only area forecaster to predict Hurricane Hugo would make landfall in Charleston. Channel 10 continues to enjoy a staff with remarkably long tenures for a market of Columbia's size, including Jack Kuenzie, Judi Gatson, Dawndy Mercer Plank, Ben Tanner and Rick Henry, some of whom have been figures at the station for two decades.

Channel 10's news operation has long been well respected in the industry. In 1997, for instance, Hank Price of Northwestern University's Media Management Center recalled that whenever South Carolina was mentioned in television circles, "WIS' name will quickly come up" because it was seen as "a model for success." NBC affiliate relations director Lloyd Segal said that WIS was so dominant because it was "a midsize market station that acts like a major-market station." He added that at the time, WIS was one of 10 stations that NBC considered "outstanding partners" in gathering local news; WIS was by far the smallest station in that group, the other nine were in large markets.

While WIS still leads overall, it has spent the new millennium in a spirited battle for first place with WLTX. It has consistently lost the #1 ranking in the noon timeslot to WLTX (mainly because of that station's CBS Daytime programming lead-in), and the early morning ratings crown has switched between the two stations multiple times. In 2019, WIS lost the early evening timeslot to WLTX for the first time in memory. While WIS still led the late news race overall, WLTX had pulled well ahead among adults aged 25–54.

WIS has won numerous awards for station quality and its news productions, including the Southeast Emmy Award for Best Newscast, the Edward R. Murrow Award, and several of the South Carolina Broadcasters Association's "Best Station of the Year" designation. In August 2007, Craig Melvin was named "Anchor of the Year" by SCBA. The station's on-air staff are named in the Best of the Media awards by the Columbia Free Times, and the station has been voted the "Best" by readers of The State newspaper several times.

In 1963, WIS moved its evening newscast from 6 to 7 p.m., in hopes of taking advantage of having The Huntley-Brinkley Report as a lead-in. It was one of only a few stations in the Eastern Time Zone at the time to air a local newscast at 7 p.m. Most of Cosmos/Liberty's other stations followed WIS' lead and moved their early newscasts to 7 p.m. (6 p.m. in the case of Cosmos' stations in the Central Time Zone). It added a 6 p.m. newscast in 1991 as part of increased coverage of the Persian Gulf War. In 1970, WIS-TV premiered Awareness, a weekly public affairs program focusing on social and political issues concerning the minority population of the Midlands. In 1996, WIS entered into a news share agreement with Fox affiliate WACH to produce a 10 p.m. newscast for that station, which—buoyed by WIS's ratings dominance—became one of the highest-rated prime time newscasts in the United States; the agreement ended in March 2007, when WACH launched its own news department.

In 2006, WIS built a new set for its newscasts in preparation to an upgrade to high definition; the new set debuted in January 2007. On November 4, 2010, WIS became the second television station in the Columbia market (after WOLO) to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition. With the upgrade, the set received a refresh and a modified graphics package was introduced; the station also changed its weather branding to "First Alert Weather". On June 16, 2013, WIS expanded its news programming on weekend mornings with the debut of the market's first Sunday morning newscast, airing at 10 a.m.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Susan Audé (Fisher) – anchor (1978–2006; retired)
 * Angie Goff (now at WTTG in Washington, D.C.)
 * Craig Melvin (now with Today, Dateline, and MSNBC; won a Regional Emmy Award in 2006)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Out-of-market cable and satellite carriage
WIS is carried on cable systems as far southwest as Aiken and as far northeast as Wadesboro, North Carolina. Until late 2009 or early 2010, it had been available on cable in Augusta, Georgia, despite the presence of an in-market NBC affiliate, WAGT. Even though WIS is carried in Wadesboro, Charlotte NBC affiliate WCNC-TV operates a translator in nearby Lilesville, W24AY, which covers Wadesboro. WIS' analog signal tended to be more receivable along the US 74 corridor between Wadesboro and Rockingham than the Lilesville translator. Until August 8, 2008, WIS was carried on digital cable in Rowland and Laurinburg, North Carolina. On that date, WMBF-TV signed on as the NBC affiliate for the Myrtle Beach–Florence market. DirecTV customers in Scotland and Robeson Counties in North Carolina received WIS as the default NBC station instead of WECT in nearby Wilmington. For many years, WECT has served this area, especially the town of Lumberton. Metrocast Cable (formerly Northland Cable)'s system in Bennettsville was one of the few providers in the Florence–Myrtle Beach–Lumberton market that did not drop WIS; it has since been dropped by that system also. Just outside that market, WIS remains on cable providers in many areas around South Carolina such as Georgetown and Williamsburg counties.

When CATV was first introduced in the area in the 1970s, WIS was carried in many border counties in North Carolina such as Mecklenburg, Richmond, southern Moore, Scotland, Robeson and Columbus counties. Of these areas, WIS only remains available in the Anson County town of Wadesboro. In Georgia, the station was formerly carried in the Screven County town of Sylvania.

title: WIS (TV)


text:
SpectroMagic

SpectroMagic was a nighttime parade presented in Magic Kingdom at the Walt Disney World Resort. It was introduced in 1991 as part of the park's 20th-anniversary celebrations, replacing the Main Street Electrical Parade. The parade originally ran from 1991 to 1999, then returned from 2001 to 2010.

Opening announcement
"Welcome to the splendor, the spectacle, the sparkling sensation, where the romance, the comedy, and the thrill of Disney fantasies come to electric life. And now, the Magic Kingdom proudly presents, in a million points of musical light, the magic worlds of Disney...in SpectroMagic!"

Parade Units
The parade's overarching plot was about Mickey Mouse, along with the SpectroMagic Spectromen, who together create the power of "SpectroMagic".

Throughout its 17 years of nightly performances at Magic Kingdom, the SpectroMagic Parade had various lineups. These ranged from different characters being in different locations in the parade to whole units being in a different order. The parade consisted of 23 units, with some of the units consisting of more than one float. Overall, the parade had 39 floats:

The Worlds of Music from the Silly Symphonies
 * SpectroMagic Trumpeters Unit
 * SpectroMagic Whirly-Balls (four Whirly-Balls)
 * SpectroMagic Title Unit
 * SpectroMagic Mickey Mouse's Unit
 * Silly Symphonies Unit (four separate floats connected together)

The Wonder of Sleeping Beauty's Garden
 * Sleeping Beauty's Garden Unit 1
 * Sleeping Beauty's Garden Unit 2
 * Sleeping Beauty's Garden Unit 3

The Fantasy of The Little Mermaid's Ocean
 * Giant Fish Unit
 * School of Fish Unit (two separate whirling floats)
 * Ursula Unit
 * The Little Mermaid Unit (three separate Floats)
 * Orange Fish and Gray Fish

The Imagination of Fantasia
 * Fantasia Opening Unit
 * Bacchus Unit
 * Diana Unit (three separate floats)
 * Chernabog Unit

The World of Dreams in a Grand Disney Cavalcade
 * First Finale Unit (three separate floats)
 * Carousel Unit
 * Second Finale Unit (three separate floats)

Characters
With 45+ Disney characters, 14 Spectromen, and 8 Butterflies, the parade required 65+ performers nightly, including: Mickey Mouse, Roger Rabbit [Original Run], Genie [Secondary Run], Goofy, Golden Harp [Mickey and the Beanstalk], Chip, Dale, Fauna, Flora, Merryweather, Ursula, Ariel, King Triton, Ostriches (x5) [Fantasia], Big Bad Wolf, Br'er Bear, Br'er Fox [Original Run], Fifer Pig, Fiddler Pig, Practical Pig, Jaq,Gus, Prince Charming, Cinderella, Alice, White Rabbit, The Queen of Hearts, Mary Poppins, Peter Pan, Mr. Smee, Snow White, Grumpy, Doc, Bashful, Sneezy, Sleepy, Happy, The Evil Queen, Captain Hook, Dopey, Pinocchio, Geppetto, Donald Duck, Minnie Mouse, and Pluto

Closing announcement
"So long! From Jiminy Cricket... in SpectroMagic!"

History
The parade's soundtrack was released as its own album in 2001, rather than being featured on the Walt Disney World Official Album.

In 2013, following reports that the SpectroMagic floats had been destroyed, Disney confirmed that the parade had been permanently retired.

The Piece of Disney History collection became "A Piece of SpectroMagic History" Collection for the year 2014. Each month one, limited-edition Disney pin was released and contained different original elements from the former SpectroMagic parade.

title: SpectroMagic


text:
Talk:Collis Potter Huntington

Birth date discrepancy
Okay, time to take a breath and look at the references. Taking a quick Google search (yes, I know that this is not the most entirely reputable of reference searches, but it's what I've got easy access to at the moment)...

References stating April 16:
 * includes photos of the Huntington mausoleum, but no photos of any inscription beyond "HUNTINGTON".

References stating October 22:
 * shows research notes from 1900 US census listing his birth as October 1820.
 * shows research notes from 1900 US census listing his birth as October 1820.

While I can believe that a mistake has been copied by everyone, I find it harder to believe based on the census records shown on the Diana's Genealogy page. However, since there are two dates that are referenced in various sources, I think it's best that we display both here with the references where each was found. I will do this shortly... Slambo (Speak) 15:02, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Findagrave.com is a user posted site. It is very possible info was incorrectly transcribed there. The October dates are more probable and come from more reliable sourced sites. Ronbo76 15:10, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree, and I plan to look at my paper references later this week for further confirmation. Slambo (Speak) 15:12, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I see that the editor who first noted the discrepancy tried to remove the referenced update and was reverted. I left notes on his talk page discussing this issue when I added the references here.  As an amateur genealogist myself, I've seen plenty of family histories published by immediate family members that contain inaccuracies.  In other words, even family members can get the data wrong. Slambo (Speak)  15:26, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Over lunch today, I checked  At the bottom of page 47, it lists C.P.'s birth date as October 21, 1821; at the top of the next page, the footnote cites the data to "Collis Huntington Memoir, Bancroft Library, U.C. Berkeley." Is there someone in the Berkeley area that could check the memoir there and provide a full citation? Slambo (Speak) 17:05, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Out of curiosity, I took a quick look at the April 16 and October 22 articles to see where Huntington is listed. I wasn't too surprised to find him listed on the former and not the latter; I've left a note on Talk:April 16 referencing this discussion.  Even less surprising was seeing this edit to the April page (but he doesn't appear to have been listed on the October page, so I've added it there). Slambo (Speak)  17:32, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * On a somewhat related note, I thought it might be helpful to find some online resources that discuss the difficulty in finding accurate information when doing genealogical research. In a quick check, I found this post to the RESEARCH-HOWTO mailing list hosted at RootsWeb.  While I haven't run into cases as extreme as those mentioned there, I have seen multiple records for people in my research lines showing different dates; it gives an idea of how I view the references we're working on adding here. Slambo (Speak)  20:32, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The problem continues in 2011 where someone on an anonymous account continues to change the date back to April. Every published source I have, including the Evans (considered the definative biography) says his dates are (October 22, 1821 – August 13, 1900).  Ellin Beltz (talk) 22:26, 21 October 2011 (UTC)
 * I have been in correspondence with the Huntington association which has a biography page using the April birthdate. Here is the reply I received from their secretary. "Dear Ellin,Thanks for pointing out this error.  I checked our initial memoir back to 1863 and it was published incorrectly there.  So this mistake has been out there for quite some time and I believe you're the first to catch it.  I'll see what can be done about correcting our web site.  We don't have a web administrator anymore so it could be some time before we can make a change.Regards,Chuck Huntington - HFA Secretary-Treasurer." So there you have it from the source.  April is an error.  I offered to teach him how to make web changes or make the change for them if they so desired.  Ellin Beltz (talk) 18:44, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Birthday
Anyone care to add a reference for the DOB? feydey 15:03, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I just did. See above.  Slambo (Speak)  15:09, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

Places named for him
In Oneonta, New York the public library is the "Huntington Memorial Library" (I have held a library card there in the past). This may have been named for Collis Potter Huntington, or for soem other member of his family, I can't yet say, but will try to find out, and get a citeable source. DES (talk) 23:40, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
 * If you find the library's homepage, they usually have a history section for whom they are named like Anthony Quinn's in Boyle Heights. Ronbo76 23:45, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Good though (I was goign to check in person since I am likely to vist that town in the next few weeks). According to http://www.4cls.org/webpages/members/oneonta/onhistory.htm, it was named for Henry E. Huntington who donated the house and gorunds, and a trust fund for its support. Ah well. 00:01, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Another April 16 pusher
I just reverted an edit by. It seems that at least one editor still believes in removing referenced data rather than discussing the issue first. Slambo (Speak) 10:31, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Archer Huntington's Origins
I have read and been told that Archer Huntington was actually Collis' son born out of wedlock with his second wife before they were married. Collis did have a 15 year affair with Arabella before his first wife died. Archer, himself, maintained that Collis was his biological father. Also, after Collis died his second wife married his nephew. I think that both of these things should be discussed if not in this article than in the Archer Huntington article. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 70.63.78.8 (talk • contribs).

 * As long as we can cite reliable sources, the information can be added with confidence. Slambo (Speak) 11:00, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 11:06, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Article reassessment and recommendations for improvements
This article is definitely beyond the Start scale. It is now rated B, Mid for multiple wikiprojects.
 * Suggested improvements

 * Copyedits - are needed to clean up text and prose to standard Mos and NPOV.
 * Citations - need to be checked and standardized.
 * Combine - Notes and References
 * Talkpage archival - iscussions should be looked at for improvement and then archived.
 * Eliminate - any trivial statements that do not materially improve the article.
 * I have downgraded it to C class. The main reason why was because there were very few references, and they were not properly cited. Some sections also need to be expanded, while the main section needs copy-editing and should be more brief. --Fiftytwo thirty (talk) 23:15, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

Lavender biography and Central Pacific days
Our biography is notably short of details of Huntington's role in building the Central Pacific, which is what he is best known for. David Lavender's biography has lots of details re this, and I'll try to add a bit before it comes due. A good read, if anyone else is interested in pursuing this.

There's presently an uncited, POV last paragraph on the CP debts -- I'm going to remove this now, and rewrite later.

Here's the para I removed (emphasis added):

 * The Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroad companies had received massive loans from the U.S. government to build the transcontinental railroad—on gentle terms, but Huntington persuaded a friendly member of Congress to introduce a bill excusing the companies from repaying the money, amounting to $130 million (nearly $3 billion in 2007 money). This plot was defeated in part due to the advocacy of Ambrose Bierce and the newspapers of William Randolph Hearst.

--Pete Tillman (talk) 20:17, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Collis Potter Huntington


text:
Erditse

Erditse is a god or goddess of the ancient Aquitaine Gaul, known by only one inscription which was discovered, in the 16th century, by Joseph Justus Scaliger on a votive altar found in the Parliament of Toulouse. The inscription was published in Inscriptiones totius orbis Romani antiquae by Jan Gruter. The votive altar has now disappeared. It was likely to come from the Pyrenees as many other votive altars found in the region of Comminges and dated from the 1st to the 4th century.

The inscription was correctly deciphered for the first time by Eugène Camoreyt: Erditse d[eo?] / consacran(i) / Borodates / v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito). It suggests the existence of an association of people worshipping together this deity.

It is a name in the Aquitanian language (ancient Basque) name, with same phoneme (TS) as in Herauscorritsehe (CIL 409) and Selatse (or Stelatse, found in Barabarin, Navarre). The main part "erdi", can be explained by the modern basque noun "erdi" (half), and the verb "erdi" (give birth) or erdietsi (To obtain, to mange).

title: Erditse


text: User talk:172.131.17.153

title: User talk:172.131.17.153


text:
Freeman (Thirteen Colonies)

During the American colonial period a freeman was a person who was not a slave. The term originated in 12th-century Europe.

In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a man had to be a member of the Church to be a freeman; in neighboring Plymouth Colony a man did not need to be a member of the Church, but he had to be elected to this privilege by the General Court. Being a freeman carried with it the right to vote, and in Plymouth only freemen could vote by 1632.

Black's Law Dictionary (9th edition) defines Freeman as follows:

1. A person who possesses and enjoys all the civil and political rights belonging to the people under a free government.

2. A person who is not a slave.

3. Hist. A member of a municipal corporation (a city or a borough) who possesses full civic rights, esp. the right to vote.

4. Hist. A freeholder. Cf. VILLEIN.

5. Hist. An allodial landowner. Cf. VASSAL. - also written free man.

"Freedom" was earned after an allotted time, or after the person demanding "payment" was satisfied. This was known as indentured servitude, and was not originally intended as a stigma or embarrassment for the person involved; many of the sons and daughters of the wealthy and famous of the time found themselves forced into such temporary servitude, Gary Nash reporting that "many of the servants were actually nephews, nieces, cousins and children of friends of emigrating Englishmen, who paid their passage in return for their labor once in America."

An indentured servant would sign a contract agreeing to serve for a specific number of years, typically five or seven. Many immigrants to the colonies came as indentured servants, with someone else paying their passage to the Colonies in return for a promise of service. At the end of his service, according to the contract, the indentured servant usually would be granted a sum of money, a new suit of clothes, land, or perhaps passage back to England. An indentured servant was not the same as an apprentice or a child who was "placed out."

Once a man was made a freeman and was no longer considered a common, he could become a member of the church (and would usually do so) and he could own land. The amount of land that he was able to own was sometimes determined by how many members there were in his family. As a freeman, he became a member of the governing body, which met in annual or semiannual meetings (town meetings) to make and enforce laws and pass judgment in civil and criminal matters. As the colonies grew, these meetings became impractical and a representative bicameral system was developed. Freemen would choose deputy governors who made up the upper house of the General Court, and assistant governors who made up the lower house, who chose the governor from among their ranks and passed judgments in civil and criminal matters. To hold one of these offices it was required, of course, for one to be a freeman. Thus, the enfranchised voters and office holders were landholding male church members. Non-Puritans were not made freeman.

Progression to freeman
Initially, a male was not formally considered free when first entering into a colony, or just recently having become a member of one of the local churches; he was considered common. Such persons were never forced to work for another individual, per se, but their movements were carefully observed, and if they veered from the Puritan ideal, they were asked to leave the colony. There was an unstated probationary period, usually one to two years, that the prospective "freeman" needed to go through, and he was allowed his freedom if he did pass this probationary period of time. A Freeman was said to be free of all debt, owing nothing to anyone except God Himself.

Free planter
A "free planter" (as opposed to a "freeman") was any land holder who possessed land outright that was usually given to him by the colony after he had finished his probationary period, except in those cases where the land owner had inherited his property. But if he was deemed legally incompetent, didn't pass his probationary period, or again lost his freedom through some irresponsibility of his own, he would have his land and property confiscated and redistributed among the remaining freemen, even if the inheritor was a well-respected citizen.

Oath of a freeman
Initially, all persons seeking to be free needed to take the Oath of a Freeman, in which they vowed to defend the Commonwealth and not to conspire to overthrow the government. The first handwritten version of the "Freeman's Oath" was made in 1634; it was printed by Stephen Daye in 1639 in the form of a broadside or single sheet of paper intended for posting in public places.

title: Freeman (Thirteen Colonies)


text:
User:Karlelvis

Karl Elvis. The Man. The Myth. Not so much to it really, is there?

Don't bother with my blog: http://www.moronosphere.com/

title: User:Karlelvis


title: File:Hsg1.jpg


text:
User:Robertcircle1

If there were only one army in the world, there could be no war. Every country could subscibe to the one world army, and it could start around a tenth the size of the total world armed forces then shrink to less than one hundredth over time. In order to get it started it could just encompass a few countries, in perhaps Africa and other parts of the world. In each country covered by this army no other military would be allowed, and no indigenous ethnic groups would be allowed (in that part of the army in that region). The main job of the army would be to keep the peace by preventing the buildup of illegal militias. None-lethal weapons would be preferred, but lethal weapons could be used. Countries could opt into this arrangement but would need to fit the democratic criteria. The army would uphold the democracy and prevent power being seized by dictators backed by private armies.

title: User:Robertcircle1


text:
Nancy Allen (harpist)

Nancy Allen (born 1954) is a harpist from the United States.

The daughter of a public school music teacher in the Carmel, New York district, she won numerous international competitions starting at a young age. In 1973 she won first prize at the Fifth International Harp Competition in Israel, one of the most prestigious international harp competitions in the world. Since 1999 she has been the Principal Harpist of the New York Philharmonic, playing under music director and conductor Lorin Maazel, and in her 20-year teaching career has trained many successful students as well as serving concurrently as head of the harp departments at the Juilliard School (where she received her bachelor's and master's degrees) and Aspen Music Festival and School. She was formerly the head of the harp department at the Yale School of Music. Her own teachers included Pearl Chertok, Lily Laskine, Marcel Grandjany, and her predecessor at Juilliard, Susann McDonald.

She has made numerous recordings (one nominated for a Grammy Award) and has performed solo concerts for forty years.

Both her sisters are also noteworthy harpists. Her sister Barbara Allen is the principal harpist for the American Ballet Theatre Orchestra and the Greenwich Symphony. Her sister Jane Allen is the principal harpist for the Eugene Symphony.

title: Nancy Allen (harpist)


text:
Doc at the Radar Station

Doc at the Radar Station is the eleventh studio album by American band Captain Beefheart and the Magic Band, released in August 1980 by Virgin Records.

Packaging
The album cover was painted by Don Van Vliet. It was placed at number forty-nine on Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Album Covers.

Background
Although about half of the album's songs are based on old musical ideas, Mike Barnes states that "most of the revamping work built on skeletal ideas and fragments ... would have mouldered away in the vaults had they not been exhumed and transformed into full-blown, totally convincing new material". The tracks "A Carrot is as Close as a Rabbit Gets to a Diamond", "Flavor Bud Living" and "Brickbats" were originally intended and recorded for the unreleased album Bat Chain Puller.

John French (the original drummer in the Magic Band) rejoined Beefheart for this album. He played guitar on all songs, plus bass ("Sheriff of Hong Kong"), drums ("Ashtray Heart" and "Sheriff of Hong Kong"), and marimba ("Making Love to a Vampire with a Monkey on My Knee"). He also sings the second vocal on "Dirty Blue Gene".

Reissues
In 2011, 4 Men with Beards released a 180-gram version of the album, distributed by City Hall Records.

Personnel

 * Captain Beefheart (Don Van Vliet) – vocals, Chinese gongs, harmonica, soprano saxophone, bass clarinet
 * John French – slide guitar, guitar, bass, drums (on "Ashtray Heart" and "Sheriff of Hong Kong"), marimba (on "Making Love To A Vampire With A Monkey On My Knee"), vocals on "Dirty Blue Gene" and "Run Paint Run Run"
 * Jeff Moris Tepper – slide guitar, guitar, nerve guitar, background vocals on "Run Paint Run Run"
 * Eric Drew Feldman – synthesizer, bass, mellotron, grand piano, electric piano, background vocals on "Run Paint Run Run"
 * Robert Arthur Williams – drums, background vocals on "Run Paint Run Run"

 * Additional personnel
 * Gary Lucas – guitar (on "Flavor Bud Living"), French horn (on "Best Batch Yet")
 * Bruce Lambourne Fowler – trombone (on "Run Paint Run Run")

title: Doc at the Radar Station


text:
List of U.S. state beverages

This is a list of state beverages as designated by the various states of the United States. The first known usage of declaring a specific beverage a "state beverage" within the US began in 1965 with Ohio designating tomato juice as its official beverage. The most popular choice for state beverage designation is milk (or a flavored milk, in the case of Rhode Island). In total, 20 out of the 33 (not including Rhode Island) entities with official beverages (32 states and the District of Columbia) have selected milk.

title: List of U.S. state beverages


text:
John Gudenus

John Gudenus or John, Graf von Gudenus (23 November 1940 – 15 September 2016) was an Austrian member of the Federal Council of Austria on a free mandate (formerly as a member of the Freedom Party of Austria), and colonel of the Austrian Bundesheer.

Early life
Born into the noble Gudenus family, he was born as the eldest child of Johann Baptist Theodor Franz de Paula Philipp Maria, Graf von Gudenus (1908-1968) and his wife, Karin Giaver (1905-1980).

Biography
In 2006, Gudenus received a one-year suspended sentence for breaking the Verbotsgesetz, Austria's laws against denying or diminishing the Holocaust. Gudenus had suggested that it was necessary to verify the existence of gas chambers in Nazi Germany and later remarked that there had been gas chambers in Poland but not in Germany.

Austria's Der Standard newspaper argued that these two remarks were "cynical and humiliating", and show contempt for the Verbotsgesetz.

Personal life
On 12 August 1970 in Els, John Gudenus married Marie Louise Biloghan (b. 1951). They have four sons:
 * Markus John Gudenus (b. 1974)
 * Johann Baptist Björn Gudenus (b. 1976), FPÖ politician
 * Jens Severin Gudenus (1983)
 * Clemens Magnus Gudenus (1990)

title: John Gudenus


text:
Grant Tinker

Grant Almerin Tinker (January 11, 1926 – November 28, 2016) was an American television executive who served as chairman and CEO of NBC from 1981 to 1986. Additionally, he was a co-founder of MTM Enterprises and a television producer.

Life and career
Tinker was born in Stamford, Connecticut, the son of Margaret (née Hessin) and Arthur Almerin Tinker. He had a younger sister, Joan.

During World War II, Tinker served in the United States Army Air Forces Reserve. He graduated from Dartmouth College. His sons, Mark and John, are also television producers.

In 1961, Tinker rejoined NBC and was the head of West Coast programming, where he was involved in developing I Spy, Dr. Kildare, and The Man from U.N.C.L.E., the original Star Trek, and Get Smart.

Tinker married Mary Tyler Moore in 1962. He left NBC in 1967 to join Universal Television, only to quit after two years in order to join 20th Century Fox Television in early 1969. In late 1969, they formed the television production company MTM Enterprises. Tinker hired Room 222 writers James L. Brooks and Allan Burns to create and produce the company's first television series, The Mary Tyler Moore Show. Due to conflicts with running MTM, he left Fox in 1971. MTM produced such American sitcoms and drama television series as Rhoda, The Bob Newhart Show, WKRP in Cincinnati, Hill Street Blues, and St. Elsewhere. After his divorce from Moore in 1981, Tinker left MTM to become the chairman and CEO of NBC, then the perennial last-place American television network (in terms of Nielsen ratings and profits). During Tinker's tenure in NBC's top position, the network regained ratings and commissioned The Cosby Show, Family Ties, The Golden Girls, Cheers, Night Court, and Hill Street Blues. Tinker left the network in 1986, shortly after its parent company RCA was bought by General Electric.

After leaving NBC, Tinker tried to repeat his success with MTM by forming GTG (Grant Tinker-Gannett) Entertainment (formerly T/G Productions), but the business venture failed and the company closed in 1990. The company then partnered with CBS to create a long-term agreement to provide access to the output provided by GTG Entertainment, and it was an exclusive agreement handled between CBS and GTG. The company had also set up subsidiaries like the syndicated television branch GTG Marketing, its East Coast production arm GTG East and the West Coast production arm GTG West, with the first production being produced by the GTG East branch was a syndicated version of the popular USA Today magazine, USA Today on TV, which was distributed to syndicated markets by the GTG Marketing division.

Personal life
Tinker was married three times. In 1950, he married Ruth Byerly, with whom he had three sons and a daughter: Mark (b. 1951), Mike (b. 1952), Jodie (b. 1954) and John (b. 1958). Mark and John are successful producers. Tinker's marriage to Byerly ended in divorce in 1962. Later that same year, Tinker married actress Mary Tyler Moore. This marriage also ended in divorce in 1981, though they had separated in 1979, following a 1973 breakup and patch-up. Tinker's third marriage was in 2004 to aviator Brooke Knapp, to whom he remained married until his death in 2016.

Death
Tinker died at his Los Angeles home on November 28, 2016, at the age of 90.

He is buried at Hillside Cemetery in North Adams, Massachusetts.

Awards and honors

 * Tinker was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1997.
 * In 2004, Tinker won a personal Peabody Award "for recognizing, protecting, and fostering creativity of the highest order."

title: Grant Tinker


text:
Kevin McBride

Kevin Martin McBride (born 10 May 1973) is an Irish former professional boxer who is best known for defeating Mike Tyson in 2005, in what would be the latter's final professional fight for nearly 20 years until Mike Tyson goes up against Jake Paul on November 15, 2024. As an amateur, McBride competed for Ireland at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He is married to Danielle Curran. The couple share two children, a daughter and son.

Professional career
McBride debuted in December 1992, with a draw against Gary Charlton. In 1997, he defeated Paul Douglas to win the All-Ireland Heavyweight Title, and in 2002 he defeated Craig Tomlinson to add the IBC Americas Heavyweight Title. McBride currently resides in the heavily Irish neighbourhood of Dorchester in Boston and trains in nearby Brockton, Massachusetts.

McBride's career-defining performance was a victory over Mike Tyson, former undisputed world heavyweight champion, Tyson quit the fight at the end of Round 6 by informing the referee that he would not be able to continue to round seven in the MCI Center in Washington, D.C. The aged Tyson explained in a post fight interview that his heart wasn't into the sport any more. Tyson announced his retirement after the bout, saying "I'm not going to disrespect the sport anymore by losing to this caliber of fighter".

McBride has suffered seven losses by knockout—including twice against fighters with losing records. Since his fight with Mike Tyson, McBride beat Byron Polley, then suffered three upset losses. The first loss was against Mike Mollo, a second-round knockout loss. The second loss was against Andrew Golota, a sixth-round technical knockout loss after Golota skilfully worked a cut he had opened up over McBride's eye. After three years inactivity, McBride, the 'Clones Colossus', attempted a comeback in an eight rounder on 10 July 2010 at the Mid-Hudson Civic Center in Poughkeepsie, New York, but lost every round—and the bout—in an upset to cruiserweight veteran Zack Page, a journeyman with a losing record as a professional. Despite standing 6 ft 6 in and weighing 282 pounds to Page's 6 ft 0 in and 205 pounds, McBride was outworked and out punched by his smaller, faster, more aggressive opponent.

On 9 April 2011 McBride fought former cruiserweight and light heavyweight world champion Tomasz Adamek for the IBF International Heavyweight and NABO Heavyweight Championship belts at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey. Adamek won a 12-round unanimous decision.

McBride ended his career after losing to Mariusz Wach on 29 July 2011 during a boxing gala held at Mohegan Sun Casino, Uncasville, Connecticut.

McBride's nickname, "The Clones Colossus", recalls Barry McGuigan's sobriquet "The Clones Cyclone".

Professional boxing record

 * align="center" colspan=8|35 wins (29 knockouts, 6 decisions), 10 losses (7 knockouts, 3 decisions), 1 draw
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Round
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes
 * -align=center
 * Loss
 * 35–10–1
 * align=left|🇵🇱 Mariusz Wach
 * KO
 * 4
 * 29 July 2011
 * align=left| Uncasville, Connecticut, United States
 * align=left|WBC International Heavyweight Title. McBride knocked out at 2:25 of the fourth round.
 * -align=center
 * Loss
 * 35–9–1
 * align=left|🇵🇱 Tomasz Adamek
 * UD
 * 12
 * 9 April 2011
 * align=left| Newark, New Jersey, United States
 * align=left|IBF International/WBO NABO Heavyweight Titles. 108–119, 107–120, 108–119
 * -align=center
 * Loss
 * 35–8–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Matt Skelton
 * UD
 * 3
 * 9 October 2010
 * align=left|🏴 Bethnal Green, London, United Kingdom
 * align=left|Prizefighter Tournament Heavyweight Semi-final. 28–29, 28–29, 28–29
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 35–7–1
 * align=left|🇳🇬 Franklin Egobi
 * SD
 * 3
 * 9 October 2010
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Bethnal Green, London, United Kingdom
 * align=left|Prizefighter Tournament Heavyweight Quarter-Final. 29–28, 29–28, 28–29
 * -align=center
 * Loss
 * 34–7–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Zack Page
 * UD
 * 8
 * 10 July 2010
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Poughkeepsie, New York, United States
 * align=left|72–80, 72–80, 74–78
 * -align=center
 * Loss
 * 34–6–1
 * align=left|🇵🇱 Andrew Golota
 * TKO
 * 6
 * 6 October 2007
 * align=left| New York City, United States
 * align=left|IBF North American Heavyweight Title. Referee stopped the bout at 2:42 of the sixth round.
 * -align=center
 * Loss
 * 34–5–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Mike Mollo
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 7 October 2006
 * align=left| Rosemont, Illinois, United States
 * align=left|WBA Fedelatin Heavyweight Title. Referee stopped the bout at 0:44 of the second round after McBride was knocked down three times in the fight.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 34–4–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Byron Polley
 * TKO
 * 4
 * 1 April 2006
 * align=left| Cleveland, Ohio, United States
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:28 of the fourth round.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 33–4–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Mike Tyson
 * RTD
 * 6
 * 11 June 2005
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Washington, District of Columbia, United States
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout after the sixth round. Tyson retired after the fight.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 32–4–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Kevin Montiy
 * RTD
 * 5
 * 18 March 2005
 * align=left| Mashantucket, Connecticut, United States
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:28 of the fifth round.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 31–4–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Marcus Rhode
 * KO
 * 3
 * 4 December 2003
 * align=left| Boston, Massachusetts, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 30–4–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Lenzie Morgan
 * KO
 * 1
 * 9 August 2003
 * align=left| Brockton, Massachusetts, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 29–4–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Najee Shaheed
 * TKO
 * 9
 * 17 March 2003
 * align=left| Boston, Massachusetts, United States
 * align=left|IBC Americas Heavyweight Title.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 28–4–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Craig Tomlinson
 * KO
 * 3
 * 25 October 2002
 * align=left| Revere, Massachusetts, United States
 * align=left|IBC Americas Heavyweight Title. Tomlinson knocked out at 2:31 of the third round.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 27–4–1
 * align=left|🇧🇸 Reynaldo Minus
 * KO
 * 3
 * 26 July 2002
 * align=left| Boston, Massachusetts, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 26–4–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Gary Winmon
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 24 May 2002
 * align=left| Revere, Massachusetts, United States
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:42 of the second round.
 * -align=center
 * Loss
 * 25–4–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 DaVarryl Williamson
 * TKO
 * 5
 * 18 January 2002
 * align=left| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:48 of the fifth round.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 25–3–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Rodney McSwain
 * PTS
 * 10
 * 3 November 2001
 * align=left| Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 24–3–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Willie Phillips
 * PTS
 * 10
 * 11 August 2001
 * align=left| Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 23–3–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Domingo Monroe
 * KO
 * 1
 * 26 June 1999
 * align=left| Quincy, Massachusetts, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Loss
 * 22–3–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Michael Murray
 * TKO
 * 3
 * 11 April 1998
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Southwark, London, United Kingdom
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 22–2–1
 * align=left|🇺🇦 Yuriy Yelistratov
 * TKO
 * 1
 * 22 November 1997
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Manchester, United Kingdom
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:32 of the first round.
 * -align=center
 * Loss
 * 21–2–1
 * align=left|🇩🇪 Axel Schulz
 * TKO
 * 9
 * 30 August 1997
 * align=left|🇩🇪 Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin, Germany
 * align=left|McBride was knocked down in the ninth round.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 21–1–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Paul Douglas
 * TKO
 * 5
 * 2 June 1997
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
 * align=left|BBBofC Northern Ireland area/Irish Heavyweight Titles.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 20–1–1
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Stoyan Stoyanov
 * TKO
 * 1
 * 28 April 1997
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Hull, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Loss
 * 19–1–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Louis Monaco
 * TKO
 * 5
 * 7 February 1997
 * align=left| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 1:44 of the fifth round.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 19–0–1
 * align=left|🇼🇸 Tui Toia
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 14 January 1997
 * align=left| Kansas City, Missouri, United States
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 1:25 of the second round.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 18–0–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Roger McKenzie
 * TKO
 * 6
 * 3 December 1996
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 17–0–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Shane Woollas
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 6 November 1996
 * align=left|🇬🇧 redirect page, United Kingdom
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 16–0–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Steve Garber
 * TKO
 * 7
 * 2 July 1995
 * align=left|🇮🇪 Dublin, Ireland
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:17 of the seventh round.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 15–0–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Atelea Kalhea
 * KO
 * 1
 * 13 May 1995
 * align=left| Sacramento, California, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 14–0–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Jimmy Harrison
 * TKO
 * 1
 * 22 April 1995
 * align=left| Boston, Massachusetts, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 13–0–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Carl McGrew
 * TKO
 * 5
 * 4 March 1995
 * align=left| Boston, Massachusetts, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 12–0–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Carl Gaffney
 * TKO
 * 1
 * 7 February 1995
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Ipswich, Suffolk, United Kingdom
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 11–0–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 John Lampre
 * TKO
 * 1
 * 10 December 1994
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Portland, Maine, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 10–0–1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Dean Storey
 * TKO
 * 3
 * 12 November 1994
 * align=left|🇮🇪 Dublin, Ireland
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 9–0–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Graham Arnold
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 24 September 1994
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Wembley, London, United Kingdom
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 8–0–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 James Truesdale
 * TKO
 * 3
 * 26 August 1994
 * align=left| Upper Marlboro, Maryland, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 7–0–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Stanley Wright
 * PTS
 * 6
 * 17 June 1994
 * align=left| Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 6–0–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Roger Bryant
 * TKO
 * 1
 * 4 June 1994
 * align=left| Reno, Nevada, United States
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 5–0–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Edgar Turpin
 * TKO
 * 1
 * 6 May 1994
 * align=left| Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:02 of the first round.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 4–0–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 John Harewood
 * TKO
 * 3
 * 1 December 1993
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Bethnal Green, London, United Kingdom
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 3–0–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Chris Coughlan
 * PTS
 * 4
 * 13 October 1993
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Bethnal Green, London, United Kingdom
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 2–0–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Joey Paladino
 * KO
 * 2
 * 15 September 1993
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Bethnal Green, London, United Kingdom
 * align=left|Paladino knocked out at 2:32 of the second round.
 * -align=center
 * Win
 * 1–0–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Gary Williams
 * PTS
 * 4
 * 13 February 1993
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Manchester, United Kingdom
 * align=left|40–39
 * -align=center
 * style="background: #c5d2ea"|Draw
 * 0–0–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Gary Charlton
 * PTS
 * 6
 * 17 December 1992
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Barking, London, United Kingdom
 * align=left|
 * }
 * align=left|
 * }

title: Kevin McBride


text: User talk:66.32.128.47

title: User talk:66.32.128.47