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The Simpsons Wrestling

The Simpsons Wrestling is a sports video game based on the animated television series The Simpsons for the PlayStation. Developed by Big Ape Productions and published by Fox Interactive through a co-publishing agreement with Electronic Arts in Europe and Activision in North America, the game was first released in Europe in March 2001, followed by North America a month later. It is the only Simpsons video game released for the PlayStation.

The Simpsons Wrestling features 20 playable characters, voiced by the series' regular voice cast, each of whom executes their own exclusive moves, gestures, and power moves in the wrestling ring. The matches take place in detailed 3D locations in Springfield. A round in the game ends when one wrestler pins their opponent for a three count; two wins constitute a victory. Unlike in traditional wrestling rules, the opponent may be pinned belly-down.

The game was widely panned by critics, and has since been considered by many to be one of the worst video games of all time, though the audio track was praised.

Gameplay
The Simpsons Wrestling is loosely based on professional wrestling games, but more closely resembles a beat-'em up. The game can be played in two modes: a tournament style single-player game or a grudge match where two players can interact. The matches take place in ten different detailed 3D locations from Springfield, such as the Simpsons' house, the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, the Kwik-E-Mart, and Moe's Tavern. Letters float around in the wrestling ring, and if a wrestler collects enough of them, they can taunt and temporarily become invincible. A round ends when one wrestler pins their opponent for a three count. Two rounds are needed to win a match.

Each time a successful attack is performed on a player, their health meter depletes. Players with low health stay stunned for longer when knocked down. A player can increase their health by picking up food items that randomly appear in the ring. Running and attacks drain stamina. If a player does not have enough stamina to perform a certain move, it becomes unavailable until they recover. Stamina is regained through not pressing the actions buttons or picking up certain items. Attacks which require more stamina are generally more effective. The stun meter only appears when the opponent is knocked down. It depletes gradually, but the stunned player cannot move until the Stun meter is completely drained. A player can reduce the stun meter faster by pressing the action buttons, or by receiving certain attacks. If a player is low on health, the stun meter will normally be higher, making pin attempts harder to resist. Once a player's health is completely depleted, it will only take one hit to stun them. Certain attacks to a stunned opponent will actually reset the stun meter.

During matches, wrestlers have a health meter that drains as they perform special moves, and gradually refills when they are not attacking. Different moves use up different amounts of energy, and certain characters can win any match by repeatedly using a particularly damaging move that does not require much energy. Several different power-ups are also available in the game, including a donut that increases speed, bowling pins that can be used as clubs, and bubble gum that slows players down.

In addition to health items, the letters A, U, N, and T appear randomly in the ring. If either player collects enough to spell the word "TAUNT", they can then perform a taunt. The taunt will completely drain the opponent's stamina, making them unable to attack for a limited time.

Various characters make cameos as background images. Each character executes their own exclusive moves and gestures.

Development
Big Ape Productions developed The Simpsons Wrestling. At the Electronic Entertainment Expo in 2000, Fox Interactive announced its plans to produce and publish the game for the PlayStation console. Karly Young, director of Fox Interactive, said that the company had received an "overwhelming" response to their previous Simpsons games, so they wanted to give the fans "another dose of Bart and Homer—this time for PlayStation gamers".

In January 2001, Fox Interactive ceased operating as a standalone publisher to focus more on development, and they would now function as a co-publisher. On March 12, 2001, the company announced that Activision would co-publish and distribute the title in North America, with the publisher citing a "casual gamer interest" for their acquisition. Kathy Vrabeck, executive vice president of Activision, commented that "The Simpsons is a property that enjoys phenomenal success across several entertainment mediums, including interactive entertainment. The acquisition of this game reinforces our strategy of delivering products based on powerful, recognizable brands."

Reception
The Simpsons Wrestling received "generally unfavorable" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. The reviewers criticized the game for having simplistic, unbalanced gameplay and bad graphics, but praised the game's audio track.

Douglass C. Perry of IGN described the game as one of the "ugliest" games he had ever seen and declared it "the most horrific demolition of a license ever". He thought the graphics were "choppy" looking, and the character outlines looked "broken up". Game Informer's Andrew Reiner criticized the game's design by saying that he did not think it held any wrestling qualities at all, and that the characters looked "awful". He said that instead of "grappling" or performing "devastating slams", you have to "slap your opponent silly" by mashing the buttons redundantly. Michael Lafferty of GameZone, however, called the graphics "quite good, though a little clipped at times by the pace of the combat". Perry also thought there was little wrestling in the game, instead it is "all about smashing buttons and not having any skill whatsoever". Reiner said that the game was a major disappointment and is "one of the worst PS games to date". Scott Steinberg of NextGen called it "A horrific, licensed beat-'em-up [sic] that's so terrible it will actually make you grateful most companies opt for kart racers instead." Michael "Major Mike" Weigand said of the game in GamePro's website-only review, "Simpsons fanatics: Rent this game before you buy. Everyone else will be better served by any other wrestling title available for the PlayStation. Doh, indeed."

In contrast to the game's negative response, Lafferty said that even though the game does not feature continuous play, "the action flows well once into an event". He praised the game's audio track, and thought it was "fun" because the comedy is straight from the television show, and the characters will "bring a smile to your face". Reiner also commented positively on the soundtrack and that the game may not be the best wrestling game available, "but it delivers what the cover advertises". GameSpot's Frank Provo said that "wit" and "charm" are the two most redeeming features of The Simpsons Wrestling, and in spite of the game's weak gameplay, it has "plenty of laughs in store" that devoted fans of The Simpsons will enjoy. The BBC's David Gibbon wrote that the result of the track is one that will not "fail to impress fans".

The game received a "Gold" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 200,000 units in the UK.

title: The Simpsons Wrestling


text:
USS DeLong

USS DeLong may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
 * USS DeLong (TB-28), a torpedo boat, launched in 1900 and sold in 1920
 * USS DeLong (DD-129), a Wickes-class destroyer, launched in 1918 and sold in 1922
 * USS DeLong (DE-684), a Rudderow-class destroyer escort, launched in 1943 and struck in 1969

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: USS DeLong


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Devonport Services R.F.C.

Devonport Services Rugby Football Club is an English rugby union team based in Plymouth, Devon. The club was originally called United Services Devonport and had their first recorded match back in 1904. Devonport Services play their homes games at the Rectory Field and their strip and club colours are dark blue and red. They are currently competing in National League 2 West, a tier 4 league of the English rugby union league system, following their promotion from Regional 1 South West at the end of the 2023–24 season.

Current club
Once open to the members of the British Armed Forces only, the rules were relaxed in 1994 when the youth teams joined the club, therefore allowing civilians to play alongside serving armed forces players. However, the club rules stipulate that at least 50% of the club's senior squad playing must be members of the Armed Forces - mainly from the Royal Navy and Royal Marines. As well as first team the club runs 2nd and 3rd teams, colts, and the occasional Vets team. There are also multiple youth teams for boys (7-16) and girls (15-18).

Early beginnings
Although the beginnings of the club are hazy they were certainly established during the first decade of the 20th century. The team, then known as United Services Devonport, was initially open to officers of the British Armed Forces, with the first recorded match being on 1 October 1904 when Services played out a 2–2 draw against Plymouth RFC (a parent club of Plymouth Albion) in front of a crowd of 6,000. During the early stages of the club the team did not perform particularly well until 1912 when the club opened its playing membership to other ranks in the military and results improved dramatically.

The first mention of the club using the current name of Devonport Services with any regularity was around 1910/1911, although occasionally the press covering games would call them United Services leading to a degree of confusion. In 1912 the club got given its nickname "The Sporting Blues" by the South Wales Echo who used this name as part of their headline when covering the Services game away to Swansea. The Services initially played home games at Keyham, owned by the RNEC but during 1920s they moved to the Rectory Field in Devonport. The Rectory Field had previously been occupied by Devonport Albion, who were the strongest side in Devon during the early 20th century, but the ground was sold for £6,500 to the Navy in 1920. In the same year Devonport Albion merged with Plymouth RFC to form Plymouth Albion and subsequently moved to Beacon Park. In 1928 the Rectory Field was procured by the Royal Navy and Royal Marines Sports Control Board who rented it out to Devonport Services who have remained there ever since.

Postwar years
During World War II the Rectory Field was destroyed by fire due to Luftwaffe bombing raids, leaving only a small section of stand considered safe enough for spectators. The post war years would see the Rectory Field rebuilt, leaving Devonport Services without a home ground for several years. By 1948 the damaged main stand was rebuilt and space for around 1,200 supporters, while additional facilities such as separate changing rooms and a bar were added and a second stand was also added - leading to the ground becoming known as the “Twickenham of the West”. After being rebuilt the Rectory Field had a capacity of around 7,000 - which was the largest recorded attendance when the Combined Services played the All Blacks on the 30 November 1993.

Up to present day
As well as hosting the All Blacks, the early 1990s were a successful time for the club as they won back to back league titles by winning Devon League 1 in 1992, followed by Tribute Cornwall/Devon in 1993. They spent four seasons in Western Counties West before being relegated in 1999. In 2003 Devonport Services won promotion by winning the Tribute Cornwall/Devon for the second time. Once again they enjoyed a number of seasons in Western Counties West until 2005 when a torrid season saw the go down in last place which just one league win all season. This relegation was short-lived as Services came second in Tribute Devon/Cornwall to earn promotion back to Western Counties West.

Since 2005 the main stand (south stand) of the Rectory Field was closed due to safety concerns (it is made of wood and a fire hazard), leaving the current capacity at around 2,000 which includes the (still open) Luddington north stand and standing areas. The stand was named after MAA Bill Luddington who won 13 England caps while with the club.

In 2020–21 the South stand was demolished.

The Chairman. Captain Ben Stafford RN.

Secretary. Lt Fraser Pearson RN.

Club captain; Charlie Rowlands-Stewart Esq.

Season 2021–22.

Ended the season in 2nd place to gain promotion to Regional 1 Tribute South West.

Honours

 * Courage Devon 1 champions: 1991–92
 * Cornwall & Devon champions (2): 1992–93, 2002–03
 * Tribute Western Counties (north v west) promotion play-off winners: 2017–18
 * Regional 1 South West champions: 2023–24

International
37 players have gained men's senior international caps whilst at Devonport Services including 97 caps for England.

 * England (14 players): Clarke.S, Eyres.W.C.T, Faithful.C.K.T, Gardener.E.R, Gilbert.F.G, Gilbert.R, Harding.E.H, Hosking.D'Arcy, Luddington.W.G.E, Moore.W.K.T, Sharp.R, Vaughan.D.B, Webb.C.S.H, Woods.T
 * Wales (14): D. Bebb, G. Bevan, J. Collins, T. Davies, C. James, B. Jones, L. Jones, D. Main, H. Mainwaring, A. Meredith, B. Meredith, M.C. Thomas, L. Williams, W. Williams
 * Ireland (3): W.F. Horsey-Brown, H.W.V. Stephenson, M. Sugden
 * Scotland (5): J. Aitkin, T. Rodd, K. Ross, G. Waddell, P. Waklastow
 * The Philippines: Liam 'Rufio' Williams.
 * Barbarians (7): M.C. Thomas, B. Gray, J. Highton, E. Hosking, SA. Lewis Jones, G. Waddell, J.K. Watkins

Youth internationals
Twelve players have gained youth international caps while at Devonport Services.

 * England under 18s: Jack Arnott
 * England under 16s: R. Haddlington, N. Batchelor, S. Trethewey, J. Currie, Jack Arnott, Richard Bayliss, Dan Pullinger-Ham, Tom Mumford
 * England Colts: S. Trethewey, N. Batchelor
 * Scotland under 18s: S. Meakin

Men's county/representative
95 players have gained county or representative caps while at Devonport Services.

 * Devon (71): B. Badcock., C.A. Baker, S. Bennett, F.W. Bristow., Broome. Leading seaman, D. Brown, A.E. Carter, S. Clarke, M. Connolly., W.L. Copley, J.H. Dalyrymple, T.E. Davies, W. Davies, W.CT. Eyres, G. Fabian, E.J. Gardener, ERA. George, B.M. Gray., Sub-Lieut Hargrave, R. Hart., M. Hewitt, J. Highton., A. Higginson., R.M. Holgate.R.M., G.R. Hoskin, J. Husson, B. Jones, S. Jones, L. Kenny, J. Lane, K.A. Lavelle, T.S. Lee, Midshipman, W.M. Lowery, J. Martin, Meadows, A. Meredith, C. Miller, Lieutenant Middleditch, G. Morgan., J.K. Morrison., M.A. Pearey, B. Penfold, N. Penny, A. Pond, G. Price, F.A. Prosser, D. Pulford, G.D.O. Randel, Lieutenant Robotham, T.L. Scott, J. Shone, D.H. Smaldon, C.S. Stafford, L.S. Stovell, J.H. Tarr, D.G. Wixon
 * Devon 7's: Ben Ashford
 * Cornwall: Campbell, Lieutenant Carter, E.J. Gardener, F.G. Gilbert, Instructor Lieutenant B. Glastonbury, B.C. Gosling., S.J. Kealey, Lieutenant Kelly, Ldg Shiells, Instructor Lieutenant Thomas, Midshipman Walsham
 * Somerset: G. Criddle, H.W. Hoar
 * Surrey: J. Lion
 * Hampshire: M.J. Brosnan, T.G.P. Crick, B.G. Gosling, Lieutenant Mares
 * Dorset & Wilts: T. Hodgins
 * Berkshire: Lieutenant Fenner
 * Oxfordshire: Lieutenant Elvy
 * Kent (1): Coyte
 * Cumberland (1): Sub-Lieutenant Webster

Youth county/representative
11 players have gained youth county or representative caps while at Devonport Services.

 * Devon under 20s: M. Anstis, S. Bennett, Tom Arscott, J. Daley, L. Stannard, T. Wheale.

 * Devon Under 18's, Richard Goldsby-West, Jordan Patey.

 * South West under 20s: Charlie Attis, Richard Baylis.
 * South West under 16s: Richard Bayliss, Dan Pullinger-Ham, Tom Mumford, Chalie Attis, Mike Lewis, Richard Goldsby-West.

Ladies international/representative
2 players have gained international or representative caps while at Devonport Services.
 * England: Lagi Tuima
 * England under 18s): Lagi Tuima,
 * England under 20s : Jess Thomas. Lagi Tuima.
 * England Students (Ladies): Marcia Burgess

title: Devonport Services R.F.C.


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Raphael Soriano

Raphael S. Soriano, FAIA, (August 1, 1904 – July 21, 1988) was a Greek-born American architect and educator, who helped define a period of 20th-century architecture that came to be known as Mid-century modern. He pioneered the use of modular prefabricated steel and aluminum structures in residential and commercial design and construction.

Biography
Born in Rhodes, Greece to a Sephardic Jewish family, Soriano attended the College Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Rhodes, before emigrating to the United States in 1924. After settling with relatives in Los Angeles, he enrolled in the University of Southern California's School of Architecture in 1929, graduating in 1934. In 1930, he became an American citizen and, the following year, secured an internship at the practice of Richard Neutra, working alongside fellow interns Gregory Ain and Harwell Hamilton Harris. A brief internship with Rudolph Schindler in 1934 followed, but Soriano quickly returned to his unpaid position at Neutra's office.

With America in the throes of the Great Depression, Soriano managed to find work upon graduation with the County of Los Angeles on several WPA projects, such as the famous "Steel Lobster", and in a local architect's office. By 1936, he had completed his first commission, the Lipetz House, which appeared in the 1937 International Architectural Exhibition in Paris.

With residential and commercial construction in the U.S. stalled by the country's involvement in World War II, Soriano took up lecturing at USC and began contributing proposals for post-war housing designs to various competitions and publications. Of these, Soriano's "Plywood House" prototype received Third Prize in 1943 in the Postwar Living Competition, sponsored by Arts & Architecture magazine. Once the war ended, Soriano had no trouble securing commissions, now garnering prizes for his built projects, such as the Katz House, in Studio City, a 1949 recipient of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Southern California Chapter Three Award. The following year, the architect completed a home for a friend, renowned architectural photographer Julius Shulman, one of the few Soriano structures still standing. The Shulman residence and 1964 Grossman House were the last two occupied by their original owners.

Invited by John Entenza of Arts & Architecture magazine to participate in the Case Study Houses program, Soriano completed his project in 1950. Pioneering in its use of steel in residential construction, the design marks a turning point for the program, later culminating in Pierre Koenig' s Case Study House #21 and #22. Soriano's Colby Apartments of 1951 — distinct not only for their modern design, but also for their extensive use of steel — received the National American Institute of Architects Award for Design, the VII International Pan American Congress Award, and the AIA Southern California Chapter One Honor Award.

In 1953, Soriano moved from Los Angeles to Tiburon, in Marin County, across the bay north of San Francisco, where he lived with his wife Elizabeth Stephens (Betty) and her two daughters, Margaret and Lucille Coberly. By 1955, Soriano had designed the first mass-produced steel house, which developer Joseph Eichler build in Palo Alto. His work with Eichler would garner two awards from the Northern California Chapter of the AIA.

Soriano was made a Fellow by the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) in 1961. In 1965, he launched Soria Structures, Inc. to design and build prefabricated houses, marketed as "All-Aluminum Homes." His last realized designs were eleven All-Aluminum Homes on the island of Maui, Hawaii, built in 1965.

From 1970 until his death, in 1988, Soriano focused on traveling the world as an architectural lecturer, writer, and researcher. He was recognized by the AIA with a Distinguished Achievement Award and by USC with a Distinguished Alumni Award, both in 1986. Shortly before his death he served as a Special Sessions Instructor at the College of Environmental Design at Cal Poly Pomona.

Works
Of the 50 buildings Soriano built, only 12 remain; the others have succumbed to wildfire, earthquake, or demolition. Among the survivors, a number endured unsympathetic make-overs and additions. Those still intact and unmolested are now protected by municipal preservation codes. A collection of Soriano papers resides at the College of Environmental Design Special Collections at the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona).

title: Raphael Soriano


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Tusionite

Tusionite is a rare colorless to transparent to translucent yellow brown trigonal borate mineral with chemical formula: MnSn(BO3)2. The mineral is composed of 18.86% manganese, 40.76% tin, 7.42% boron, and 32.96% oxygen. It is a late stage hydrothermal mineral and occurs rarely in granite pegmatites in miarolitic cavities.

Tusionite was named for the location where the mineral was first discovered and described in 1983 in the Tusion River Valley in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan. Tusionite has also been reported from Recice in the Czech Republic and in pegmatites at Thomas Mountain, Riverside County, California.

title: Tusionite


text:
The Simpsons Skateboarding

The Simpsons Skateboarding is a sports video game based on the animated sitcom The Simpsons. It was released for the PlayStation 2 in North America on 12 November 2002 and Europe on 6 December 2002. The game was developed by The Code Monkeys and co-published by Fox Interactive and Electronic Arts. The story and dialogue were written by writers from The Simpsons, with all character voices supplied by the cast. The game received generally negative reviews from critics.

Gameplay
Springfield has been converted into a skate park for the Annual Skate Tour, full of skate-able objects and landmarks from the television series. Players are able to choose one of the nine characters available and compete for the grand prize. All of the characters' voices were recorded by the actual voice actors from The Simpsons. Each character has over forty unique moves. Players can test their skills in either a two-player head-to-head skate off, or in one of the fast and furious modes: Freeskate, Skate Fest, Trick Contest, and a game of skateboard H-O-R-S-E, unlocking additional characters, locations, and skateboards. Players can also choose to learn all the skateboard moves and tricks before they begin the actual game in the Skillz School mode.

Development
The Simpsons Skateboarding was developed by The Code Monkeys and published by Electronic Arts (EA Games) under license from Fox Interactive. Before EA made an official announcement about The Simpsons Skateboarding, an advertisement for the game was featured on the back page of the instruction manual for The Simpsons: Road Rage, and on in-game billboards, which was released in 2001. There were no mention of a console in the advertisement and no gameplay details were revealed. In November 2001, EA representatives said they were not ready to comment on the product. On 16 May 2002, a few days before the E3 Media and Business Summit, they released their first piece of information about the game. All of the characters' voices were recorded by the actual voice actors from The Simpsons.

Reception
The Simpsons Skateboarding received "unfavorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. It was criticized for its chunky graphics, poorly recorded sound and music, lack of skateboarding tricks, and poor controls whilst the in-game dialogue were mixed.

Andrew Reiner of Game Informer said: "Never before have I seen a developer put forth such an effort to secure the Worst Game of the Year award. I'll even go as far to say that this may very well be the worst PlayStation 2 game on the market." Kevin Murphy of GameSpy said that "The Simpsons Skateboarding should be a case study in bad game design."

title: The Simpsons Skateboarding


text:
Give Municipality

Until 1 January 2007 Give municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Vejle County on the Jutland peninsula in southeast Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 403 km2, and had a total population of 14,090 (2005). Its last mayor was Villy Dahl Johansen. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Give.

The municipality was created in 1970 due to a kommunalreform ("Municipality Reform") that combined the following parishes: Gadbjerg, Give, Givskud, Lindeballe, Ringive, Thyregod, Vester, Øster Nykirke, Give Birk, and Enkelund Birk parishes.

Give municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). It was merged with Børkop, Egtved, Jelling, and Vejle municipalities to form a new Vejle Municipality, and a part went to Billund Municipality, namely a part of Billund Airport located on properties in the parishes Lindeballe and Ringive. Vejle Municipality belongs to Region of Southern Denmark.

title: Give Municipality


text:
Oscar Williams (poet)

Oscar Kaplan (December 29, 1900 – October 10, 1964), known by his pen name Oscar Williams, was an American anthologist and poet.

About His Life
Williams was born Oscar Kaplan in Letychiv, Ukraine, son of Jewish parents Mouzya Kaplan and Chana Rapoport. He emigrated to New York at the age of seven.

His first book, Golden Darkness, was awarded the Yale Younger Poets Prize.

Among his influential anthologies are Master Poems of the English Language, Immortal Poems of the English Language, The Pocket Book of Modern Verse, and the Little Treasury Poetry Series, which were used in colleges and high schools around the U.S. in the 1950s and 1960s. During his lifetime, anthologies he edited sold more than two million copies, a nearly unheard amount for books of poetry. Many of his anthologies are still being republished today. Though a friend and promoter of poets like Dylan Thomas and George Barker, Williams' own poetry is not highly regarded by critics, though he published several volumes during his lifetime, and is not nearly as accomplished as the poetry of his wife, Gene Derwood (1909–1954). Geoffrey Hill often carried with him Oscar Williams' A Little Treasury of Modern Poetry (1946), and Hill speculates that "there was probably a time when I knew every poem in that anthology by heart."

Among Williams' poems are "Revenge", "Poem", "Poet", "The Last Supper", "I Sing an Old Song", and "The City's Face".

"Shopping for Meat in Winter" is a typical Williams poem, with its urban theme, forced rhyme, and attempts at replicating the neo-Romanticism of the New Apocalypse.  Shopping for Meat in Winter What lewd, naked and revolting shape is this? A frozen oxtail in the butcher's shop Long and lifeless upon the huge block of wood On which the ogre's axe begins chop chop. The sun like incense fumes on the smoky glass, The street frets with people, the winter wind Throws knives, prices dangle from shoppers' mouths While the grim vegetables, on parade, bring to mind The great countryside bathed in golden sleep, The trees, the bees, the soft peace everywhere – I think of the cow's tail, how all summer long It beat the shapes of harps into the air.

Oscar Williams and his poet-artist wife Gene Derwood sponsored an annual $15,000 poetry award which bears their name. They lived in a penthouse of an office building at 35 Water Street, Lower Manhattan. In his later years, Oscar Williams' home near Wall Street in Manhattan served as a mecca for young poets. Asked how he chose the poems used in his anthologies, he said, "How do you pick one girl to marry? In poetry it's divine polygamy. Generally, when a poem stays with me a long time that poem delivers the goods."

Throughout his life, Oscar Williams eschewed his Jewish background. He was always mysterious about his origins and was buried by an Episcopal Church. He was survived by a son, Strephon Kaplan-Williams, who was raised in boarding schools and hardly ever interacted with his parents. His papers are housed at the Indiana University Lilly Library.

Published works

 * (reprint Ams Press Inc, ISBN 0-404-53810-X)
 * Hibernalia, Lantern, 1938.
 * The Man Coming toward You: A Book of Poems, Oxford University Press, 1940.
 * War Poets, ISBN 0-89609-058-2, Roth, 1945.
 * That's All That Matters, Creative Age Press, 1945.
 * A Little Treasury of Modern Poetry: English & American, Charles Scribner, 1946., Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1947.
 * A little Treasury of Great Poetry English & American from Chaucer To the Present Day, Charles Scribner, 1947.
 * Gypsy Blue : First Draft, 1950.
 * The Golden Treasury of Best Songs and Lyrical Poems, Mentor, 1953.
 * The Pocket Book of Modern Verse, Washington Square Press, 1954.
 * The New Pocket Anthology of American Verse, Pocket Library, 1955.
 * The Golden Treasury of the Best Songs and Lyrical Poems, Mentor, 1961.
 * The Mentor book of Major American poets,: From Edward Taylor and Walt Whitman to Hart Crane and W.H. Auden, Mentor, 1962.
 * The Mentor Book of Major British Poets: From William Blake to Dylan Thomas, Mentor, 1963.
 * Oscar Williams: Selected Poems, ISBN 0-8079-0136-9, October House, 1964.
 * (reprint 1983)
 * The Major Metaphysical Poets of the 17th Century, Washington Square Press, 1969.
 * The New Pocket Anthology of American Verse from Colonial Days to the Present, Washington Square Press, 1972.
 * A Little Treasury of American Poetry: The Chief Poets from Colonial Times to the Present Day, ISBN 0-684-10666-3, Macmillan, 1975.
 * A Silver Treasury of Verse, ISBN 0-451-60201-3, Signet, date unknown.

title: Oscar Williams (poet)


text:
Polybenzimidazole

Polybenzimidazole (PBI, short for poly[2,2’-(m-phenylen)-5,5’-bisbenzimidazole]) fiber is a synthetic fiber with a very high decomposition temperature. It does not exhibit a melting point, it has exceptional thermal and chemical stability, and it does not readily ignite. It was first discovered by American polymer chemist Carl Shipp Marvel in the pursuit of new materials with superior stability, retention of stiffness, and toughness at elevated temperature. Due to its high stability, polybenzimidazole is used to fabricate high-performance protective apparel such as firefighter's gear, astronaut space suits, high temperature protective gloves, welders’ apparel and aircraft wall fabrics. Polybenzimidazole has been applied as a membrane in fuel cells.

Discovery
Brinker and Robinson first reported aliphatic polybenzimidazoles in 1949. However the discovery of aromatic polybenzimidazole, which shows excellent physical and chemical properties, was generally credited to Carl Shipp Marvel in the 1950s. The Material Laboratory of Wright Patterson Air Force Base approached Marvel. They were looking for materials suitable for drogue parachutes which could tolerate short-time mechanical stress. However, the thermal resistance of all known filaments at that time was inadequate. The original search concentrated on aromatic condensation polymers but the amide linkage proved to be weak link for the aim of maximal thermal stability of the polymer, whereas Marvel's research focused on condensation polymers with aromatic and heteroaromatic repeating units. This progressively led to the discovery of polybenzimidazole.

Development

Its development history can be summarized in the following list:
 * In 1961, polybenzimidazole was developed by H. Vogel and C.S. Marvel with anticipation that the polymers would have exceptional thermal and oxidative stability.
 * Subsequently, in 1963, NASA and the Air Force Materials Lab sponsored considerable work with polybenzimidazole for aerospace and defense applications as a non-flammable and thermally stable textile fiber.
 * In 1969, the United States Air Force selected polybenzimidazole (PBI) for its superior thermal protective performance after a 1967 fire aboard the Apollo 1 spacecraft killed three astronauts.
 * In the early 1970s USAF laboratories experimented with polybenzimidazole fibers for protective clothing to reduce aircrew deaths from fires.
 * In the 1970s, NASA continued to use PBI as part of the astronauts’ clothing on Apollo, Skylab and numerous space shuttle flights.
 * When Skylab fell to Earth, the part that survived the re-entry was coated in PBI and thus did not burn up.
 * 1980s – PBI was introduced to the fire service, and through Project Fires an outer shell for turnout gear was developed. PBI Gold fabric was born, consisting of 40% PBI/60% para-aramid. Previous to this, combinations of Nomex, leather, and Kevlar materials were used in the US.
 * 1983 – A unique production plant goes on-line and PBI fibers become commercially available.
 * 1990s – Short-cut PBI fibers are introduced for use in automotive braking systems. PBI staple fiber enters the aircraft market for seat fire blocking layers.
 * 1992 – Lightweight PBI fabrics are developed for flame-resistant workwear for electric utility and petrochemical applications.
 * 1994 – PBI Gold fabric is engineered in black and was specified by the FDNY.
 * 2001 – After the terrorist attacks on September 11, many of the 343 fire fighters killed were only identifiable by their TenCate PBI Turnout Gear.
 * 2003 – PBI Matrix was commercialized and introduced as the next-generation PBI for firefighter turnout gear.

General physical properties
PBI are usually yellow to brown solid infusible up to 400 °C or higher. The solubility of PBI is controversial, because while most of the linear PBI are partly or entirely dissolved in strong protonic acids (for instance, sulfuric acid or methanesulfonic acid), contradictory observations of solubilities have been recorded among weaker acids like formic acid, and in non-acidic media, such as the aprotic amide-type solvents and dimethyl sulfoxide. For example, one type of PBI prepared in phosphoric acid was found by Iwakura et al. to be partially soluble in formic acid, but completely soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylacetamide, whereas Varma and Veena reported the same polymer type to dissolve completely in formic acid, yet only partially in dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylacetamide.

Thermal stability
Imidazole derivatives are known to be stable compounds. Many of them are resistant to the most drastic treatments with acids and bases and not easily oxidized. The high decomposition temperature and high stability at over 400 °C suggests a polymer with benzimidazole as the repeating unit may also show high heat stability. Polybenzimidazole and its aromatic derivatives can withstand temperatures in excess of about 500 °C without softening and degrading. The polymer synthesized from isophthalic acid and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine is not melted by exposure to a temperature of 770 °C and loses only 30% of its weight after exposure to high temperature up to 900 °C for several hours.

Flame resistance
A property of a material needed to be considered before putting it into application is flammability, which demonstrates how easily one material can ignite and combust under the realistic operating conditions. This may affect its application in varied areas, such as in construction, plant design, and interior decoration. A number of quantitative assessments of flammability exist, such as limiting oxygen index (LOI), i.e., the minimum oxygen concentration at which a given sample can be induced to burn in a candle like configuration. These permit estimation of a 'ranking' comparison of flammability. Data shows that PBI is a highly flame resistant material compared to common polymers.

Moisture regain
PBI's moisture regain is useful in protective clothing; this makes the clothing comfortable to wear, in sharp contrast to other synthetic polymers. The moisture regain ability of PBI (13%) compares favorably with cotton (16%).

Synthesis
The preparation of PBI(IV) can be achieved by condensation reaction of diphenyl isophthalate (I) and 3,3’,4,4’-tetraaminodiphenyl (II) (Figure 1). The spontaneous cyclization of the intermediately formed amino-amide (III) to PBI (IV) provided a much more stable amide linkage. This synthetic method was first used in the lab and later developed into a two step process. In a typical synthesis, starting materials were heated at 270 °C for 1.5 h to form the PBI prepolymer and later the prepolymer was heated at 360 °C for another 1 h to form the final commercial-grade product.

The reason for the second step is due to the formation of the by-product phenol and water in the first step creating voluminous foam, which leads to the volume expansion of several times of the original. This is the issue that must be considered by the industrial manufacturers. This foam can be reduced by conducting the polycondensation at a high temperature around 200 °C and under the pressure of 2.1-4.2 MPa. The foam can also be controlled by adding high boiling point liquids such as diphenylether or cetane to the polycondensation. The boiling point can make the liquid stay in the first stage of polycondensation but evaporate in the second stage of solid condensation. The disadvantage of this method is that there are still some liquids which remain in the PBI and it is hard to remove them completely.

While changing the tetramine and acid, a number of different aromatic poly benzimidazoles have been synthesized. The following table (Table 1) lists some of the combination possibilities that have been synthesized in the literature. Some of the combinations have actually been translated into fibers on a small scale. However, the only significant progress that has been made to date is with PBI.

The most common form of PBI used in industry is the fiber form. The fiber process following polymerization is shown in the figure. The polymer is made into solution using dimethylacetamide as solvent. The solution is filtered and converted into fiber using a high temperature dry-spinning process. The fiber is subsequently drawn at elevated temperature to get desired mechanical properties. It is then sulfonated and made into staple using conventional crimping and cutting techniques.

Applications
Before the 1980s, the major applications of PBI were fire-blocking, thermal protective apparel, and reverse osmosis membranes. Its applications became various by the 1990s when molded PBI parts and microporous membranes were developed.

Protective apparel
The thermal stability, flame resistance, and moisture regain of PBI and its conventional textile processing character enable it to be processed on conventional staple fiber textile equipment. These characteristics lead to one of the most important applications of PBI: protective apparel. PBI filaments were fabricated into protective clothing like firefighters' gear and astronauts' suits. PBI filaments are dry spun from dimethylacetamide containing lithium chloride. After washing and drying the resulting yarn is golden brown. PBI fiber is an excellent candidate for applications in severe environments due to its combination of thermal, chemical and textile properties. Flame and thermal resistance are the critical properties of protective apparel. This kind of apparel applications includes firefighter's protective apparel, astronaut's suits, aluminized crash rescue gear, industrial worker's apparel, and suits for racing car drivers.

PBI-blended fabrics have been the preferred choice of active fire departments across the Americas and around the world for over 30 years. From New York, San Diego, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Seattle, Nashville to São Paulo, Belin, Hong Kong and many more. The high decomposition temperature at which PBI starts to degrade is 1300 °F, exceeding Nomex/Kevlar blends (Nomex being at 700 °F and Kevlar at 1100 °F), thus offering superior break-open and thermal protection.

PBI membranes
PBI has been used as the membranes for various separation purposes. Traditionally, PBI was used semi-permeable membranes for electrodialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration. PBI has also used for gas separations. due to its close chain packing since PBI has rigidity structure and strong hydrogen bonding. PBI membranes are dense, with very low gas permeability. To be proton conductive, PBI usually is doped with acid. The higher level of the acid doping, the more conductive PBI is. But one problem raised is the mechanical strength of PBI decreases at the same time. The optimum doping level is thus a compromise between these two effects. Thus, multiple methods such as ionic cross-linking, covalent cross-linking and composite membranes have been researched to optimize the doping level at which PBI has an improved conductivity without sacrificing mechanical strength. Sulfonated partially fluorinated arylene main chain polymer exhibit good thermal and extended stability, high proton conductivities, less acid swelling, reasonable mechanical strength.

Molded PBI resin
Molded PBI resin has compressive strength 58 ksi and a tensile strength of 23 ksi, a flexural strength of 32 ksi, a ductile compressive failure mode and the density of 1.3 g/cm3. The PBI resin comprises a recurring structural unit represented by the following figure.

According to the Composite Materials Research Group at the University of Wyoming, PBI resin parts maintain significant tensile properties and compressive strength to 700 F. PBI resin parts are also potential materials for the chemical process and oil recovery industries which have demands of thermal stability and chemical resistance. In these areas, PBI resin has been successfully applied in demanding sealing, for instance, valve seats, stem seals, hydraulic seals and backup rings. In the aerospace industry, PBI resin has high strength and short term high temperature resistance advantages. In the industrial sector, PBI resin's high dimensional stability as well as retention of electrical properties at high temperature make it used as a thermal and electrical insulator.

Fuel cell electrolyte
Polybenzimidazole is able to be complexed by strong acids because of its basic character. Complexation by phosphoric acid makes it a proton conductive material. This renders the possible application to high temperature fuel cells. Cell performance test show a good stability in performance for 200 h runs at 150 °C. However, gel PBI membranes made in the PPA Process show good stability for greater than 17,000 hours at 160 °C. Application in direct methanol fuel cells may be also of interest because of a better selectivity water/methanol compared to existing membranes. Wainright, Wang et al. reported that PBI doped with phosphoric acid was utilized as a high temperature fuel cell electrolyte. The doped PBI high temperature fuel cell electrolyte has several advantages. The elevated temperature increases the kinetic rates of the fuel cell reactions. It also can reduce the problem of the catalyst poisoning by adsorbed carbon monoxide and it minimizes problems due to electrode flooding. PBI/H3PO4 is conductive even in low relative humidity and it allows less crossover of the methanol at the same time. These contribute PBI/H3PO4 to be superior to some traditional polymer electrolytes such as Nafion. Additionally, PBI/H3PO4 maintains good mechanical strength and toughness. Its modulus is three order of magnitudes greater than that of Nafion. This means that the thinner films can be used, thus reducing ohmic loss.

Asbestos replacement
Previously, only asbestos could perform well in high-temperature gloves for uses such as foundries, aluminium extrusion, and metal treatment. However, trials have been performed which show that PBI adequately functions as an asbestos replacement. Moreover, a safety garment manufacturer reported that gloves containing PBI outlasted asbestos by two to nine times with an effective cost. Gloves containing PBI fibers are softer and more supple than those made of asbestos, offering the worker greater mobility and comfort, even if the fabric becomes charred. Further, PBI fiber avoids the chronic toxicity problems associated with asbestos because it is processed on standard textile and glove fabricating equipment. PBI also can also be a good substitute for asbestos in several areas of glass manufacturing.

Flue gas filtration
PBI's chemical, thermal and physical properties demonstrate that it can be a promising material as a flue gas filter fabric for coal-fired boilers. Few fabrics can survive in the acidic and high-temperature environment encountered in coal-fired boiler flue gas. The filter bags also must be able to bear the abrasion from the periodic cleaning to remove accumulated dust. PBI fabric has a good abrasion resistance property. The acid and abrasion resistance and thermal stability properties make PBI a competitor for this application.

PBI fiber characteristics
The chemical formula of poly[2,2’-(m-phenylen)-5,5’ bibenzimidazol] (PBI) is believed to be: ([NH-C=CH-C=CH-CH=C-N=C-]2-[C=CH-C=CH-CH=CH-])n OR (C20N4H12)n of Molar mass 308.336 ± 0.018 g/mol.

Chemical resistance
It is dyeable to dark shades with basic dyes following caustic pretreatment and resistant to most chemicals.

Electrical properties
Features low electrical conductivity and low static electricity buildup.

Mechanical properties
Features abrasion resistance.

Physical Properties
Additional features: will not ignite or smolder (burn slowly without flame), mildew- and age-resistant, resistant to sparks and welding spatter.

Thermal Properties
Other features: continuous temperature: 540 °C, does not melt but degrades around the temperature: 760 °C under pyrolysis, retains fiber integrity and suppleness up to 540 °C.

title: Polybenzimidazole


text:
Kleitias

Kleitias (Greek: Κλειτίας, sometimes rendered as Klitias ) was an ancient Athenian vase painter of the black-figure style who flourished c. 570–560 BCE. Kleitias' most celebrated work today is the François Vase (c. 570 BCE), which bears over two hundred figures in its six friezes. Painted inscriptions on four pots and one ceramic stand name Kleitias as their painter and Ergotimos as their potter, showing the craftsmen's close collaboration. A variety of other fragments have been attributed to him on a stylistic basis.

Signed works

 * Berlin, Antikensammlung V. I. 4604: Gordion cup from Gordion
 * Florence, Museo Archeologico 4209 ("François Vase", also known as "Klitias krater"): volute krater
 * London, British Museum 1948.8-15.1 u. 2; 88.6-1.215, 424, 427 + Cambridge N 206: fragments of a cup from Naukratis
 * London, British Museum 88.6-1.237, 324, 426; 1948.8-15.3 u. 4: fragments of a cup from Naukratis
 * New York, Metropolitan Museum 31.11.4: stand from Vari

title: Kleitias


text:
Talk:Theatines

Theatines still exist!
According to ReligiousMinistries.com and their hardcopy A Guide to Religious Ministries, the Theatines still exist — at least in Colorado and New York. That is why I changed the past tense in the article to the present tense, and why I edited "Demise of the Order" to "Decline of the Order". I would like to know how and when Pius X's 1909 Motu Proprio decreeing the union of the Theatines with the Congregation of the Holy Family was overturned.

Here is the relevant information from ReligiousMinistries.com (sorry, I could not get the exact link). From the homepage, select "Men's Groups" and "Colorado": "Theatine Fathers (C.R.)" is the third listed of four Colorado-based religious orders for men.

THEATINE FATHERS (C.R.)

Provincial House: St. Andrew Seminary, 1050 S. Birch St. Denver, CO 80222

Members: 17 Priests, 5 Clerics Conduct: 9 parishes, 1 house of formation, 1 provincial house Representation: (Arch)dioceses of Denver, New York and Pueblo. Apostolic Work: Parish work, retreats, working with Spanish speaking, other special Hispanic ministries.

From page B-47 of A Guide to Religious Ministries (New Rochelle, NY: Catholic News Publishing, 2004), there is also the following information about the Theatines:

St. Andrew Seminary's phone number is (303) 756-5522.

Vocation Director: Rev. Franco I. Plascencia, CR, Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish, 1209 W. 36th St. Denver, CO, 80211 (303) 477-1402

Would someone be interested in contacting the seminary or Father Plascencia to obtain additional current information on the Theatines?

— Diamantina 13:50, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

The Theatines (Clerks Regular) most definitely still exist. Their headquarters are in Rome. The Casa Generalizia dell'Ordine dei Chierici Regolari Teatini is adjacent to the church of Sant'Andrea della Valle (Piazza Vidoni 6).

The order's main website (in Italian) is www.teatini.it. They also remain active in other parts of Italy, Spain and parts of Latin America, as well as Colorado in the U.S.

For more than 50 years, the order has also published its own historical journal, Regnum Dei. Many articles in this journal are by academics unaffiliated with the order. Articles appear in the authors' own languages (predominantly Italian and Spanish, but occasionally English) and include many contributions to art history. Many issues of Regnum Dei can be found online at the following link: http://www.teatini.it/Regnum%20Dei/rd.htm.

— Penkill (talk) 01:42, 20 April 2011 (UTC)

Saint Giuseppe Maria Tomasi
Joseph Mary Tomasi was canonized by Pope John Paul II on October 12, 1986. I have changed the reference to this saint in the article accordingly. 68.65.122.80 13:16, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

Post-nominal Initials
The official Latin name of the congregation is "Congregatio Clericorum Regularium." I wonder why they don't use the initials C.C.R. 68.65.122.80 13:21, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

well-known suppression of religious orders
"in 1860, through the well-known suppression of religious orders"? An explanation or link would be helpful, as this is not as well-known as the author of the article might think. --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 17:57, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Theatines


text:
Talk:WWDC (FM)

Untitled
Original article was nominated for deletion on May 31 (though not actually listed on VfD), and then corrected by the nominator. See Votes for deletion/WWDC-FM. Bearcat 07:25, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

According to the wikipedia Beatles-page (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles) it was not WWDC who played the Beatles first on American Radio. Could this be corrected?

 * The Gender Bias information needs something serious to back it up, not only factually, but on the idea that it is discriminatory. Radio station playlists can consist of any particular genre, vocal style, timeframe, that they want to.  Our freedom is to listen if we enjoy it, don't listen if we don't like it, and complain only if there is discriminatory or derogatory action which manages to offend you.  A lack of female lead songs shouldn't fall into this category.

Seriously Skewed and Un-Encyclopedic statistics
''By way of comparison, women make up 4.1 percent of national parliamentarians in the highly patriarchal government of Iran.[7]. In the US Senate, an all time average of 1.85% of the women in senate has existed.''

Say what? What does this have to do with anything? I understand the point that this person was trying to make, but it's not the type of comparative information you put in an encyclopedic entry. A good piece of comparative information for an encyclopedic entry would be, after having said that of this list of 500 songs, that only 3.8 percent were female led, would be to include the percentage of nationally recognized mainstream modern rock acts are female led. Besides that, the information quoted above is extremely skewed, as it is designed to make you compare the numbers 4.1% and 1.85%, but there's no basis for comparison, as 1.85% is an average over time, but 4.1% is a measure of women that are national parliamentarians at a given point in time. Just to put things into perspective, According to:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Senate

16 of the 100 members of the Senate are women. and, according to:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States_Congress#Gender

74 of the 435 members of the House of Representatives are women.

that's a total of 90 out of 535 members of the US Congress. That's right around 16%, a much more appropriate figure to compare with the Iranian 4.1%. But then again, this little factoid shouldn't even be on this page in the first place.

Kronos o 22:24, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080227005742/http://www.radioandrecords.com:80/Conventions/con2007/awards/indexFinal.asp to http://www.radioandrecords.com/Conventions/con2007/awards/indexFinal.asp

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Format Change
WWDC 101.1 and 104.7 have changed formats to conservative talk radio - WONK FM as of Jan. 9, 2019. WONK-FM will broadcast on WWDC-FM 101.1 HD2, simulcast on W284CQ 104.7 and is available on iHeartRadio.com and the iHeartRadio app.

https://capitolcommunicator.com/iheartmedia-washington-d-c-launches-wonk-fm/ https://radioinsight.com/headlines/173571/iheartmedia-launches-wonk-fm-washington-dc/ https://radioink.com/2019/01/09/iheart-launches-the-wonk/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.207.2.2 (talk) 14:27, 10 January 2019 (UTC)

Former frequencies and call signs and whether or not they should be included
I’ve reverted edits that removed some of the former frequencies from the Infobox.

Stating that it is improper to imply that the station operated on any of these frequencies is arbitrary and nothing more than the opinion of one particular editor, unless a reliable third party source can be cited proving that the station never used them. The FCC permitted the station to use them; maybe the station used them, or perhaps not.

There are no rules or guidelines on WP, WP:WPRS or Template:Infobox radio station regarding the inclusion or exclusion of former frequencies or call signs. Since this information is available in the FCC History Cards, it is fair game for inclusion since the FCC is a verifiable third party source.

Further, the first air date of this station is unsourced, as is its original format. I therefore removed both per WP:OR. If someone can find this content from a reliable source, please re-add it and cite your source.

If there is an argument to be made for not including former freqs or calls in the Infobox in certain situations, I invite my fellow editors to comment.

Pageographer (talk) 23:14, 9 June 2020 (UTC)
 * The original construction permit, issued 26 Sept 46, was continually extended through 1948, as well as a request to change to 94.5 and an involuntary reassignment to 98.7 in 1947. When the license to cover is filed 15 Sept 48, it references the original permit as modified. There is no other license to cover, test authority, or any special authority between those dates. Therefore, yes, it certainly did not operate before September 1948 - it would have been illegal. This is in contrast to, for example, WASH, which has a ton of clearly documented special operating authority from temporary facilities for several years before its 1951 license to cover.

No, I don't think it's proper or useful to document every frequency change from the construction permit phase in a part of the article that is meant to be a brief at-a-glance summary. It is fine to stand in the text. I have, in the past, added these dates to the infobox with a "CP" appended. I don't think this is any clearer to the average reader, though. Xenon54 (talk) 12:16, 10 June 2020 (UTC)

 * I appreciate your comments. I've looked at WASH, and yes, I do see the STAs issued prior to the license to cover. I reviewed the Cards for WWDC/WOL-FM again, and found the first STA after the reallocation to 98.7 as you described. I also looked at the Cards for a few other stations (WMGK, WROZ and WKSB), and found some kind of authority on record for all of them before they were issued/granted their first licenses to cover.

 * So, if I'm understanding this correctly, a station can only broadcast on a C.P. if it has been explicitly granted authority to do so by the FCC--either with an S.A., an S.T.A. or similar. Correct?

 * This still leaves the question of what to do with the Infobox. A consensus should be reached so we're all doing the same thing. My preference--until now, at least--has been to list all assigned frequencies because they are a part of the station's FCC record. I would be fine with appending "CP" to the freqs during times of non-operation, something you mentioned you've previously done. I'm open to other ideas as well. Pageographer (talk) 02:32, 11 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Correct, a construction permit is not permission to broadcast anything, it's permission to build. In most cases, stations go on the air on the day they apply for a license to cover – they are granted implicit temporary authority to begin broadcasting as a "test" while that app is processed (program test authority). I am fine with the CP notation, I suppose if it isn't clear to the reader what is going on the link is enough. Xenon54 (talk) 15:39, 11 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:WWDC (FM)


text:
Tsunku

Mitsuo Terada (寺田 光男), known professionally as Tsunku (つんく♂), is a Japanese singer, record producer, and songwriter. He is the lead singer of the rock band Sharam Q.

As a songwriter, Tsunku is the primary producer for Morning Musume and other Hello! Project acts, such as Coconuts Musume, Berryz Kobo, Cute, V-u-den, Aya Matsuura, and Maki Goto. He has also produced music for artists such as EE Jump and Sonim. Aside from musical acts, Tsunku has also produced soundtracks for anime and video game series such as Rhythm Heaven and ClassicaLoid. The total sales of the singles he has written exceed 37.9 million copies, making him the fifth best-selling lyricist in Japan.

History
Tsunku later worked with Nintendo and J.P.ROOM to create the music video game, Rhythm Tengoku. It was released for the Game Boy Advance exclusively in Japan on August 3, 2006, and later as an arcade machine on September 20, 2007. He also worked on Rhythm Tengoku Gold (Released in the US as Rhythm Heaven and in Europe as Rhythm Paradise) for the Nintendo DS, Minna no Rhythm Tengoku (Rhythm Heaven Fever in the US, Beat the Beat: Rhythm Paradise in Europe) for the Wii, and Rhythm Tengoku: The Best Plus (Rhythm Heaven Megamix in the US, Rhythm Paradise Megamix in Europe) for the Nintendo 3DS.

On October 1, 2006, it was announced that Tsunku had created a new company called TNX consisting of singers such as Ami Tokito and other people including Tatsuya Naka, a magician who appeared on Hello! Morning.

On September 26, 2007, Tsunku released a compilation album with the temporary title of "Sharam Q ~ Morning Musume" ~Tsunku 15 Years in Entertainment Commemoration Album~, containing songs by both Sharam Q and Morning Musume, and another one on December 5, 2007 titled Tsunku Best Work Collection, containing songs sung by Tsunku himself.

Personal life
In June 2006, Tsunku married Kanako Idemitsu (出光 加奈子), a 25-year-old former model from Fukuoka. The couple have fraternal twins (a boy and a girl—the girl best known by her debut name, Hotzmic) born in 2008   and a second daughter, born in 2011.

Artistic influences
As his musical influences he cites The Beatles, Japanese popular music (especially kayōkyoku), American and European hits being played on the radio when he was a schoolboy, disco acts such as Chic, Kool & the Gang and Earth, Wind & Fire, and bands like Duran Duran and The Power Station.

Hello! Project
Tsunku is responsible for majority of the musical composition and lyrics in Hello! Project, noticeably for Morning Musume where all of their singles have ranked in the Oricon Weekly Singles Top 5 (excluding "Morning Coffee" and "Mikan"). Arranging is typically left to outside parties with track records in arranging popular anime and game music.

His works are mainly pop-oriented with catchy melodies and romantic, idealistic and sometimes even humorous lyrics, the latter in particular often being pitched to appeal to a young audience. However, many of the female vocalists who perform his songs have a large, dedicated fan base composed of older male wota, as well as male fans who are not wota, both of whom are usually in their twenties and thirties, and occasionally older. Some of his works in the late 2000s were particularly mature and hard-hitting (considering the ages of the girls singing them), such as the Morning Musume singles "Kanashimi Twilight, "Onna ni Sachi Are" and "Resonant Blue". Although his own work as a soloist and in Sharam Q tends to lean towards pop-rock, he is best known for working with various arrangers to create highly melodic, richly-textured sequencer-driven electronic dance music which often features synthesizers, as well as guitar riffs and solos which sometimes hint at hard rock or heavy metal influences (such as in Morning Musume's "Ambitious! Yashinteki de Ii Jan" and Cute's "Forever Love"). Typical vocal arrangements in the songs he writes for Hello! Project's groups tend to revolve around the members taking turns at singing lines and sometimes even small parts of lines in succession, building up to a chorus in which most (if not all) members sing in unison rather than using vocal harmonies; any harmonies that are present in the songs are often sung by other people (including Tsunku himself, who records his backing vocals so as to appear to sing "along with" the girls on their studio recordings during key parts of songs such as during choruses and on certain phrases, in a voice an octave lower than theirs). However, there have been some exceptions, such as the Morning Musume songs "Morning Coffee", "Furusato", "Memory Seishun no Hikari", "Love Machine" and "I Wish", where most (if not all) of the backing vocals were sung by the group's members themselves. Furthermore, in the past few years, it has become even more common for members of Hello! Project's groups to provide the backing vocals for their songs themselves.

Recent years have also seen Hello! Project moving in a new direction musically, with prominent elements of dubstep and electro being incorporated into much of their recorded output, resulting in songs which seem at times to be almost experimental in style, at least by idol music standards.

Nice Girl Project!
Tsunku is also involved in Nice Girl Project! (NICE GIRL プロジェクト!).

2011 – present
As a result of the Japanese earthquake in 2011, Tsunku wrote a song titled Love is Here ~Kibou no Hikari~, dedicated to the victims. Tsunku is one of the many Japanese celebrities who have stepped up to support the victims and their loved ones.

In March 2014, Tsunku announced on his blog that he had laryngeal cancer, which he found out after having throat surgery due to an unspecified condition. He also stated that he has been seeking treatment for it. On April 4, 2015, Tsunku revealed that he had his vocal cords removed as part of his cancer treatment.

In his memoir, Dakara, Ikiru, which was published in September 2015, it was revealed that he stepped down as Hello! Project's General Manager sometime after Morning Musume's New York concert that happened on October 5, 2014. He still remains involved with Morning Musume as its Sound Producer.

On May 4, 2020, Tsunku was among the 121 members of Up-Front Group to participate in a YouTube telework to support the frontline workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

title: Tsunku


text:
Talk:Oscar Williams (poet)

Untitled
Somebody please help me here. I used the buttons to italicize the books, but Wik changes all that. 07:27, 13 June 2005 Kdammers (talk | contribs)

ref in pop culture
Is it worth mentioning that the book Immortal Poemsis the first one Maggi(e?) reads from in In Her Shoes (2005 film)? 03:27, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oscar Williams (poet)


text:
Tanpopo

Tanpopo (タンポポ) was a sub-group of the Japanese idol girl group Morning Musume and associated with Hello! Project. It was formed by Up-Front Promotion in November 1998 as Morning Musume's first sub-group. While the main group Morning Musume features predominantly upbeat songs with a fast tempo, Tanpopo featured slower tempo, sentimental and retro-style songs.

History
The group was founded in November 1998, consisting of three Morning Musume members: Aya Ishiguro, Kaori Iida, and Mari Yaguchi. After the formation, the group immediately released their first single, "Last Kiss," which was used on the anime Sorcerous Stabber Orphen. The single has a "sexy" vibe that they used on their second single and first album. However, they created a fresh image when they released "Tanpopo". This new image did not become as popular as the first image they had created.

After the release of the group's fourth single, Aya Ishiguro graduated from Morning Musume and left the group. The remaining members continued performing their songs in concerts as Generation 1.5 Tanpopo.

In June 2000, Morning Musume 4th Generation members Rika Ishikawa and Ai Kago joined Tanpopo, making the two-member group a four-member group. The style of their songs changed also when the four released "Otome Pasta ni Kandō." The style of this song became analogous to the songs Morning Musume had released. They also used this style on their next singles, which became popular and reached the number one spot on Oricon, and their second (and last) album.

On July 31, 2002, it was announced that Tanpopo was going to be completely reformed. Kaori Iida, Mari Yaguchi, and Ai Kago graduated from the group and were replaced by Morning Musume 5th Generation members Asami Konno and Risa Niigaki, with Ayumi Shibata of Melon Kinenbi. This newly formed group only released one single before they went on indefinite hiatus. All members except Niigaki graduated from Hello! Project as part of the Elder Club graduation concert in early 2009, rendering the group completely inactive.

First generation

 * Aya Ishiguro (石黒彩)
 * Kaori Iida (飯田圭織)
 * Mari Yaguchi (矢口真里)

Second generation

 * Kaori Iida (飯田圭織)
 * Mari Yaguchi (矢口真里)
 * Rika Ishikawa (石川梨華)
 * Ai Kago (加護亜依)

Third generation

 * Rika Ishikawa (石川梨華)
 * Asami Konno (紺野あさ美)
 * Risa Niigaki (新垣里沙)
 * Ayumi Shibata (柴田あゆみ)

Shuffle

 * Eri Kamei (亀井絵里)
 * Aika Mitsui (光井愛佳)
 * Yurina Kumai (熊井友理奈)
 * Chisato Okai (岡井千聖)

Legacy
In 2009, Tanpopo was revived as a Hello! Project Shuffle Unit under the name Tanpopo Sharp (タンポポ＃), with the new group consisting of Eri Kamei and Aika Mitsui of Morning Musume, Yurina Kumai of Berryz Kobo, and Chisato Okai of Cute. The sharp symbol was chosen to represent the kanji "井", which is the second character in each of the new members' surnames. The group released songs for Hello! Project's compilation albums Champloo 1: Happy Marriage Song Cover Shū and Petit Best 10.

DVD

 * 2004-06-16 – Tanpopo Single V Clips 1 (タンポポ シングルＶクリップス①)

title: Tanpopo


text:
User:Arquivosgaveta

mais ou menos, psicologico esplicativo

lembrar
depois separar, nas partes certas

Mind and Psychology

 * Social cognition
 * Social influence
 * Vision
 * subjectivity
 * self-awareness
 * sentience
 * sapience
 * Conditioning
 * Attitude
 * Brain and nervous system function
 * Anti-social behaviour
 * Attention
 * Communication
 * Consciousness
 * Emotion
 * Experimental analysis of behavior
 * Cognition
 * Learning
 * Memory
 * Motivation
 * Perception
 * Reasoning and decision making
 * Sensory experience

xii
estamos no meio de relacoes com os outros, tudo e relacao, toda dor de cabeça, toda irritacao.

problemas com outros da mesma especie,

nela q temos prazer. tirando os prazer nao humanos e nela q pendemos pra viver .. de varias formas ela e a ameaça de morte principal.

prazeres nao humanos
comer adrenalina

title: User:Arquivosgaveta


text:
William M. Bass

William Marvin Bass III (born August 30, 1928) is an American forensic anthropologist, best known for his research on human osteology and human decomposition. He has also assisted federal, local, and non-U.S. authorities in the identification of human remains. He taught at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, and founded the University of Tennessee Anthropological Research Facility, the first such facility in the world. The facility is more popularly known as "The Body Farm", a name used by crime author Patricia Cornwell in a novel of the same name, which drew inspiration from Bass and his work. Bass has also described the body farm as "Death's Acre" – the title of the book on his life and career, co-written with journalist Jon Jefferson. Jefferson and Bass, under the pen name "Jefferson Bass", have also written several fictional works: Carved In Bone, Flesh and Bone, The Devil's Bones, Bones of Betrayal, The Bone Thief, The Bone Yard, The Inquisitor's Key, Cut To the Bone, and The Breaking Point. Though currently retired from teaching, Bass still plays an active research role in the university's forensic anthropology program.

Biography
Bass was born in Staunton, Virginia to Marvin and Jenny Bass. His father was a manager of gold mines and limestone quarries. His mother received a degree in home economics in 1925.

Bass attended Hampden-Sydney College before transferring his junior year to the University of Virginia for his undergraduate degree in psychology, which he received in 1951, and was a scholar at the US Army Medical Research Laboratory from 1953 to 1954, where he studied psychophysiology. He received his master's from the University of Kentucky in 1956. He completed his Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Pennsylvania in 1961. His research career began as an archaeologist, excavating Native American grave sites in the Midwestern United States during the latter 1950s and 1960s. He mentions in Death's Acre that this activity earned him the informal title "Indian grave-robber number one" from an Indian activist, though no clashes with Native Americans ever occurred. He worked briefly at the universities of Kansas and Nebraska during this time. He was hired by the University of Tennessee in 1971 to head their anthropology department, which was in the process of being split from the history department at the time.

Bass first got the idea for what would eventually become the body farm while he was at the University of Kansas in the 1960s, and was asked if it was possible to determine the time of death of a partially decomposed cow. He determined that additional research was need for this, and suggested that this could be accomplished by allowing a deceased cow to decompose in a field while studying the process. While this experiment was never conducted, Bass further realized that additional research on human decomposition was needed after he was summoned in December 1977 to examine what was initially assumed to be a recent murder victim that had been buried on top of the grave of a Confederate soldier in Franklin, Tennessee who had been killed at the Battle of Nashville in 1864. Due to the fact that the body was relatively intact and still contained most of its flesh, he initially estimated that the body had been dead for less than a year, but examination of the victim's clothing determined that the body was that of the soldier buried in the grave. Grave robbers had punctured the cast iron coffin, which was airtight and largely prevented decomposition, removed the body, and then reburied it on top of the coffin. He started the university's anthropological research facility in 1980, which was the first in the world. He established the university's Forensic Anthropology Center in 1987.

Most of Bass' research has been on osteology and human decomposition. Bass' research, along with his graduate students, has made many advances in how to determine the cause and time of death of a person and the conditions in which death took place. His research has formed the basis of techniques used by medical examiners, forensic pathologists, homicide detectives, and other law enforcement personnel in postmortem investigations. Later, Bass began researching cremation.

In addition to his research, Bass has also assisted law enforcement in forensic investigations. He has investigated multiple high-profile cases, including the 1983 Benton fireworks disaster, the Tri-State Crematory scandal, and the 2007 exhumation and autopsy of The Big Bopper, in which he determined the cause of death, which had not been confirmed initially.

Bass is the third generation in his family to have an educational building named after him. The William M. Bass III Forensic Anthropology Building dedication ceremony was September 27, 2011, near the Body Farm.

Personal life
Bass has been married three times. He married his first wife, Mary Anna Owens, whom he met while doing research for the Army, in 1953. Owens died of colon cancer in 1993. His second marriage, in 1994, was to Annette Blackbourne, who died in 1997 from lung cancer. Later that year he married Carol Lee Hicks, who had been a friend of his since childhood. Bass has three sons, Charlie, William Marvin IV, and Jim. Bass was a devout Christian for much of his adult life, but now he is an atheist.

title: William M. Bass


text:
HMS Mariner

Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Mariner:

 * The first HMS Mariner (1801), launched in 1801, was a 12-gun brig, sold in 1814.
 * The second HMS Mariner (1846), launched in 1846, was a 16-gun brig, sold in 1865.
 * The third Mariner, launched in 1844 as HMS Juno (1844) was a 26-gun sixth-rate, renamed Mariner in 1878, and renamed Atalanta in 1878. She foundered in the Atlantic in 1880.
 * The fourth HMS Mariner (1884), launched in 1884, was a Mariner-class gunvessel composite screw sloop, sold in 1929.
 * The fifth HMS Mariner (J380), launched in 1944, was an Algerine-class minesweeper. She was transferred to the Burmese Navy in 1958 and renamed Yan Myo Aung.

title: HMS Mariner


text: Talk:Atriopore

title: Talk:Atriopore