text:
National Bank Note

National Bank Notes were United States currency banknotes issued by National Banks chartered by the United States Government. The notes were usually backed by United States bonds the bank deposited with the United States Treasury. In addition, banks were required to maintain a redemption fund amounting to five percent of any outstanding note balance, in gold or "lawful money." The notes were not legal tender in general, but were satisfactory for nearly all payments to and by the federal government.

National Bank Notes were retired as a currency type by the U.S. government in the 1930s, when U.S. currency was consolidated into Federal Reserve Notes, United States Notes, and silver certificates.

Background
Prior to the American Civil War, state banks and chartered private banks issued their own banknotes. Privately issued banknotes were nominally backed by specie (hard money) or financial securities held by the banks but oversight of issuing banks often was lax and encouraged wildcat banking, in which fraudulent institutions issued worthless banknotes. During the Civil War, in 1863, the National Banking Act established a system of National Banks which were empowered to issue National Bank Notes subject to federal oversight. The chartering of banks and administrative control over the issuance of National Bank Notes were the responsibility of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. A 2 percent tax on state bank notes was authorized in 1864 to speed conversion to the new system, only to be increased the next year to 10 percent, then 20 percent.

The program
From 1863 to 1935, National Bank Notes were issued by banks throughout the country and in US territories. Banks with a federal charter would deposit bonds in the US Treasury. The banks then could issue banknotes worth up to 90 percent of the value of the bonds. The federal government would back the value of the notes—the issuance of which created a demand for the government bonds needed to back them.

The program was a form of monetization of the Federal debt. Bonds eligible as collateral for posting to the Treasury were said to have "circulation privilege" and the interest they bore provided seigniorage to the National Banks.

The notes
Each National Bank Note bore the issuing bank's national charter number as well as the serial number assigned to the note by that bank. Low serial-numbered notes were often withdrawn as souvenirs by the bank officers who signed them.

Large size notes
Except for the last few years of issue, all of the National Bank Notes were large-sized.

Through much of their earlier history of issue, national banknotes used designs in which the issuing bank's name was prominently displayed, rather than "The United States Of America". One design used for many years featured a portrait on the obverse, near the left edge, and the bank's name printed in prominent shaded type in the middle. The historical figures seen on these notes usually were different from those on the same denominations of paper currency today.

Large-size notes bore two serial numbers. The Treasury serial number indicated the total number of notes of that series and denomination issued by all banks. The bank serial number indicated the number of notes of that series and denomination issued only by that bank. Large size notes also bore four signatures. Two signatures were those of the Register of the Treasury and Treasurer of the United States and were printed as part of the note's design. The other two signatures were those of the bank's cashier and president, and were individually signed by those officers prior to issuing the note. Notes were sent to the bank by the Treasury and typically signed as uncut sheets, so that the top edge of some notes show the lower part of a signature (such as the descender of a "y" or "j") from the note above it. Notes were often cut apart with scissors, so that the top and bottom edges of notes can be uneven and cut into the borders of the design.

Most, but not all, large size national banknotes showed the charter number of the issuing bank on the obverse. In some cases the charter number was printed once, but typically the charter number appeared twice. The issuing bank's charter number was carefully positioned inside the engraved border, as well as overprinted elsewhere on the obverse. To aid Treasury workers in sorting banknotes, later large size notes also showed a letter to indicate the region of the country in which the issuing bank was located—"N" for New England, "E" for East, "S" for South, "M" for Mid-West, "W" for West, and "P" for Pacific coast.

Small size notes
With the advent of small-size banknotes came significant design changes for all types of paper currency including National Bank Notes. As a result of the changes, each denomination now had the same portrait and, except for minor variations, the same decorative features that would characterize all types of United States currency from the late 1920s to the early 1990s. In the case of National Bank Notes, the elaborate rendition of the bank's name was omitted from the engraved design with the change to small-size notes, and instead was now simply over-stamped in black ink, just above the engraved lettering of the promise-to-pay. Similarly, the issuing bank's charter number was omitted from the engraved border, and now simply overprinted in dark ink. In the case of the last issues of small size National Bank Notes, referred to as Type 2 notes, the charter number also appeared twice in brown ink in line with the note's serial numbers.

Small size National Bank Notes look very similar to, but are distinctly different from, the emergency 1933 issue of the Federal Reserve Bank Notes. These were printed using National Bank Note plates with slight design changes. Both say "National Currency", but have different issuers.

End of the program
National Bank Notes were retired as a currency type by the U.S. government in the 1930s during the Great Depression as currency in the U.S. was consolidated into Federal Reserve Notes, United States Notes, and silver certificates; privately issued banknotes were eliminated. The passage of the Gold Reserve Act created an accounting gain for the Treasury, part of which was used to provide funds to retire all bonds against which National Banks Notes could be issued.

Sometimes these notes are called "hometown" notes, with their popularity deriving from the wide range of towns and cities that issued them. Among paper money hobbyists, especially in the U.S., these notes are avidly studied and collected. Some were issued in large numbers and remain inexpensive to collectors today. Others associated with rare banks, towns, states and combinations thereof and are quite valuable. A note from Walla Walla, in what was then Washington Territory, sold for $161,000 in a June 2010 sale at Heritage Auctions.

title: National Bank Note


text:
User talk:Loveies

Loveies

 * a word that replaces the word "Love," or "Sincerely," at the end of a card or letter. Loveies 06:32, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Welcome
Good morning, cheers, and welcome to Wikipedia! Its always a pleasure to have another editor start up — can never have too many good editors.

Some useful stuff/Things to remember:
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * Opentasks — These are important things that aren't getting done. We need your help with them.
 * Tutorial — What you need to know about editing pages.
 * Test area — If you need to test an edit but don't want to do it on an article.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * As you mature as an editor, the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines will become more important.
 * Always Always Always try to maintain a Neutral point of view when you're editing.
 * Try not to be anonymous. Sign your posts (like I did this one), by using the tilde '~' symbol.  Three tildes (~~~) leaves your username, four (~~~~) leaves your username, plus the timestamp.
 * Be bold in editing pages.
 * A happy editor is an excellent editor. Enjoy yourself!

Cheers, →Iñgōlemo←   talk  06:28, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)

FYI
Wikipedia is not a dictionary. Georgia guy 01:24, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Loveies


text:
Oscar Brown

Oscar Brown Jr. (October 10, 1926 – May 29, 2005) was an American singer, songwriter, playwright, poet, civil rights activist, and actor. Aside from his career, Brown ran unsuccessfully for office in both the Illinois state legislature and the U.S. Congress. Brown wrote many songs (125 have been published), 12 albums, and more than a dozen musical plays.

Early life and education
Brown was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Helen (née Clark) and Oscar Brown Sr., an attorney and real estate broker. His acting debut came on the Chicago radio show Secret City at the age of 15. After graduating from Englewood High School, Brown attended first the University of Wisconsin–Madison and then Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, but he dropped out of college and never returned.

During Brown's twenties, he worked as the "world's first Black newscaster" for Negro Newsfront, a Chicago radio program that he coproduced with Vernon Jarrett. He worked briefly in real estate and public relations before running for political offices: for the Illinois Legislature in 1948 through the Progressive Party, and for the U. S. House of Representatives as a Republican in 1952. During this period, 1946 to 1956, he was a member of the Communist Party USA; he quit when he decided that he was "just too black to be red." Later he served two years in the U. S. Army.

Radio
Brown was a contributor to the weekly WMAQ Chicago radio series Destination Freedom (written by Richard Durham) both during its early years (1948–1949) and in the 1950 revival.

Music
Brown's father intended for him to follow in his footsteps and become a practicing lawyer. While he did help his father at his practice, he ventured off into other careers such as advertising and served in the US Army in the mid-1950s. He also wrote songs.

In the early 1950s, Brown was hired as a copy-writer by a small Chicago advertising company on Rush Street, Gershuny and Associates, owned by Sam Gershuny and Sheldon Sosna. At that time, Rush Street was totally segregated, and Sam and Shelly took him to Adolf's, an upscale Italian restaurant. As soon as they walked in, the owner sent a busboy to inform that the boss “did not want to serve Negroes in his restaurant.” However, they refused to leave until he finally decided to serve them. They repeated this activity in many restaurants on Rush Street. A fraternity brother of Gershuny and Sosna owned a string of hotels and approached them about advertising his hotels, by sponsoring two hours of the news in the morning on a black radio station. They decided to make Oscar Brown Jr. the disc jockey for the segment, from 5:30 to 7:30 in the morning. Unfortunately, they discovered Oscar not arriving on time. Also, Brown would make politically controversial comments about the on-going Korean War. As a result, he was released from the job.

When Mahalia Jackson recorded one of his songs, "Brown Baby", he began to focus on a career as a songwriter. His first major contribution to a recorded work was a collaboration with Max Roach, We Insist!, which was an early record celebrating the black freedom movement in the United States. Columbia Records signed Brown as a solo artist, who was by now in his mid-thirties and married with five children.

In 1960, Brown released his first LP, Sin & Soul, recorded from June 20 to October 23, 1960. Printed on the cover of the album were personal reviews by well-known celebrities and jazz musicians of the time, including Steve Allen, Lorraine Hansberry, Nat Hentoff, Dorothy Killgallen, Max Roach and Nina Simone (Simone would later cover his "Work Song" and Steve Allen would later hire him for his Jazz Scene USA television program). The album is regarded as a "true classic" for openly tackling the experiences of African Americans with songs such as "Bid 'Em In" and "Afro Blue". Sin & Soul is also significant because Brown took several popular jazz instrumentals and combined them with self-penned lyrics on songs such as "Dat Dere", "Afro Blue" and "Work Song". This began a trend that would continue with several other major jazz vocalists. Several of the tracks from Sin & Soul were embraced by the 1960s Mod movement, such as "Humdrum Blues", "Work Song" and Herbie Hancock's, "Watermelon Man". Sin & Soul was followed by Between Heaven and Hell (1962). The success of Sin & Soul meant that much more money was spent on production and Quincy Jones and Ralph Burns were bought in to handle the arrangements.

However, Brown was soon to fall down the pecking order at Columbia following a rearrangement of the management at the company. His third album was notable for the lack of any self-composed songs, and Columbia was having a hard time packaging him as an artist. They were unsure whether Brown was suited to middle-of-the-road/easy listening nightclubs or alternatively should be presented as a jazz artist. Brown was given much more creative freedom for his fourth album, Tells It Like It Is (1963), and he was back to his creative best, composing songs such as "The Snake", which became a Northern soul classic when it was covered by Al Wilson, and has featured on several adverts. Despite this return to form, and having been told by the new head of Columbia, that he was high on the company's priorities, his contract at Columbia was not renewed.

Stage and television
Brown attempted to mount a major musical stage show in New York City called Kicks & Co. in 1961. Host Dave Garroway turned over an entire broadcast of the Today show to Brown to perform numbers from the show and try to raise the necessary funds to launch it on the stage. Kicks & Co. is set on an all-African-American college campus in the American South during the early days of attempted desegregation. The character Mr. Kicks is an emissary of Satan, sent to try to derail these efforts in which the play's protagonist, Ernest Black, has become involved. This was the first of several theatrical endeavors by Brown, and like all of them, the public was not won over sufficiently to allow financial success, despite acclaim by some critics. His longest-running relative success, thanks to the participation of Muhammad Ali, was Buck White. Another notable musical show, Joy, saw two incarnations (in 1966 and 1969) and again addressed social issues. Appearing with Brown were his wife, Jean Pace, and the Brazilian singer/accordionist Sivuca. RCA released the original cast recording around 1970; it is long out of print. In 1962, he worked on the Westinghouse syndicated television program Jazz Scene USA, produced by Steve Allen. Brown was the show's presenter and it featured a new musical guest each week. Brown sang the theme for the 1970 drama series Bird of the Iron Feather, the first all-Black television soap opera.

Personal life
Brown was married to Jean Pace, the elder sister of actress Judy Pace. He was the father of seven children. His son Oscar "BoBo" Brown III was a bassist and musical arranger who died in a car crash in August 1996. His daughter, Maggie, is a singer. A Chicago musical review referred to the trio as "The First Family of Swing". They were joined by the youngest daughter, Africa Pace Brown, in an effort to popularize his music. Brown's first son, Napoleon "David" Brown, inspired the song "Brown Baby" and helped his father promotional appearances and business. The remaining family members consist of Donna Brown Kane, Joan Olivia Brown, and Iantha Brown Casen, who participated in some of her father's production.

On May 29, 2005, Oscar Brown died in his hometown of Chicago from osteomyelitis at the age of 78.

Humanitarian work
Brown founded the Oscar Brown Jr. H.I.P. Legacy Foundation to continue his humanitarian work. He participated in an anti-apartheid protest rally in Compton College in 1976.

Brown wrote the vocalese lyrics to the Duke Pearson melody "Jeannine" as sung by Eddie Jefferson on the album The Main Man recorded in October 1974 and covered by The Manhattan Transfer on their 1984 album Bop Doo-Wopp. "Somebody Buy Me a Drink", a track from Sin & Soul, was covered by David Johansen and the Harry Smiths on their eponymous first album. "Hymn to Friday" from Between Heaven and Hell is played on jazz radio stations such as WDCB. Pianist Wynton Kelly recorded "Strongman" with his trio in the late 1950s. Nina Simone popularized Brown's lyrics to "Work Song", "Afro Blue", and "Bid 'Em In."

Brown's lyrics to "Afro Blue" have been performed by Dianne Reeves, Dee Dee Bridgewater, and Lizz Wright. Vocalist Karrin Allyson cited Brown as an inspiration and has performed his compositions on several of her albums. Brown was scheduled to contribute lyrics to Allyson's 2006 album Footprints before his death; instead, she recorded his songs "A Tree and Me" and "But I Was Cool" as a tribute.

Brown was the subject of a tribute album by cabaret singer Linda Kosut.

Books

 * What It Is: Poems and Opinions of Oscar Brown Jr. This book includes lyrics to some of Brown's better-known songs, as well as lyrics to songs he never got to record.

Discography

 * Sin & Soul (Columbia, 1960)
 * In a New Mood (Columbia, 1962)
 * Between Heaven and Hell (Columbia, 1962)
 * Tells It Like It Is! (Columbia, 1963)
 * Mr. Oscar Brown Jr. Goes to Washington (Fontana, 1965)
 * Finding a New Friend with Luiz Henrique (Fontana, 1966)
 * Joy with Jean Pace, Sivuca (RCA Victor, 1970)
 * Movin' On (Atlantic, 1972)
 * Fresh (Atlantic, 1974)
 * Brother Where Are You (Atlantic, 1974)
 * Live Every Minute (Minor Music, 1998)

Musicals

 * Kicks & Co.
 * Oscar Brown Jr. Entertains (one-man show in London)
 * Lyrics of Sunshine and Shadow
 * Summer in the City
 * Opportunity Please Knock
 * Joy '66; Joy '69
 * Big-Time Buck White
 * Slave Song
 * Oscar Brown Jr.'s Back in Town
 * bad boys '

Songs

 * "The Snake"
 * "Work Song" (lyrics to Nat Adderley's music)
 * "All Blues" (lyrics to Miles Davis' music)
 * "Dat Dere" (lyrics to Bobby Timmons' music)
 * "Afro Blue" (lyrics to Mongo Santamaría's music, sometimes recorded by others without crediting the lyricist)
 * "The Lone Ranger" (Billboard, #69 – peaked on June 15, 1974)
 * "Signifyin’ Monkey" (recorded on Sin & Soul)
 * "Forty Acres and a Mule"
 * "Brother Where Are You"
 * "Brown Baby"
 * "World Full of Gray"
 * "But I Was Cool"
 * "The Tree and Me"
 * "A Ladiesman"
 * "A Young Girl" (lyrics to French song "Une Enfant", by Charles Aznavour)
 * "Long As You're Living" (lyrics to Julian Priester & Tommy Turrentine's music)

Media appearances

 * Negro Newsfront (1940s), radio show
 * Tonight Starring Steve Allen (c. 1960)
 * The Today Show with Dave Garroway (c. 1960)
 * Jazz Scene USA (1962), television show – host
 * The Dick Cavett Show (1970), with Jean Pace and Sivuca from the Broadway show Joy
 * Stony Island (1978 film) – actor
 * From Jump Street: The Story of Black Music (early 1980s) – 13-part public TV series, USA [host]
 * Def Poetry Season 2 (2002) [poet]

title: Oscar Brown


text:
Dumnorix

Dumnorix (spelled Dubnoreix on coins) was a chieftain of the Aedui, a Celtic tribe in Gaul in the 1st century B.C. He was the younger brother of Divitiacus, the Aedui druid and statesman.

The Aedui were allies of Rome, but Dumnorix was a leader of the tribe’s anti-Roman faction, who “...thought it better to be dominated by their fellow Gauls... rather than the Romans.” His brother Diviciacus supported the Aedui's pre-existing alliance with Rome, was a leader of the pro-Roman faction, and would ultimately aid Julius Caesar in his conquest of Gaul. Dumnorix secretly worked to undermine Caesar’s and Diviciacus’ efforts in Gaul. Both brothers appear in Caesar’s Commentaries on the Gallic War.

Chieftain of the Aedui
In the years preceding Julius Caesar’s governorship of Transalpine Gaul the Helvetii tribe planned an invasion of western Gaul. Orgetorix, a prominent Helvetii chieftain, conspired with Dumnorix, and Casticus of the Sequani to make themselves kings in their own tribes; then by their combined power rule all of Gaul in a Gallic version of the triumvirate. To strengthen the alliance Orgetorix married his daughter to Dumnorix. However, the conspiracy was discovered and Orgetorix died a short time after amid rumours of suicide. Dumnorix used his influence to persuade the Sequani to allow the Helvetii to migrate through their territory.

Upon arriving in Gaul in 58 BC Caesar opposed the migration militarily. He built fortifications at Lake Geneva and either requested or demanded that the Aedui, who had been named friend and ally of Rome, supply his soldiers with grain. Dumnorix was very popular and had a large contingent of personal retainers. He used his influence to delay the grain supply. Caesar forced the Helvetii to take an alternate path, then inflicted a devastating defeat on the tribe at the Battle of the Arar.

Caesar pursued the Helvetii, using the Gallic cavalry to screen his advance. Dumnorix’ personal retainers made up a sizeable contingent of the Gallic auxiliary. Dumnorix colluded with the Helvetii and at a key moment in an engagement withdrew his unit, giving the Helvetii the victory.

With his grain supply desperate, Caesar summoned the leaders of his Gallic allies. Liscus, the chief magistrate or Vergobretus of the Aedui, revealed to Caesar that Dumnorix was responsible for withholding the supplies and had also been in command of the unit whose flight had cost him the cavalry engagement. Dumnorix was spared any serious retribution at the intervention of his brother Diviciacus, who had good relations with Caesar and the Romans. Caesar agreed instead to place Dumnorix under surveillance.

Dumnorix continued to be troublesome, and in 54 BC was one of the Gaulish leaders Caesar proposed to take with him as hostages on his second expedition to Britain, fearing that they might cause trouble in his absence. Dumnorix pleaded his fear of the sea and religious obligations in an attempt to get Caesar to leave him behind. When this failed, he claimed that Caesar intended to have them all killed out of sight of their people. Finally, he attempted to escape from Caesar's camp along with the Aeduan cavalry. Caesar sent the rest of the cavalry after him, and Dumnorix was killed, shouting that he was "a free man and a citizen of a free state". The rest of the Aeduan cavalry returned to Caesar's service.

Etymology
His name, like other Gaulish language names (Ambiorix, Orgetorix, Vercingetorix) contains a -rix suffix which is etymologically related to the Latin rex, Gaelic rí, Sanskrit rāja- and German Reich, indicating kingship or rule; it is probably an aristocratic suffix. Dumno- is etymologically related to the Gaelic domhan "world", indicating that the name may be translated as "king of the world".

title: Dumnorix


text:
Tangra, Kolkata

Tangra is a region in East Kolkata that traditionally housed many tanneries owned by people of Hakka Chinese origin.

Overview
"47 South Tangra Road", may be the most confusing postal address, as it used to cover the whole of Chinatown Tangra with over 350 tanneries. Most of the standing structures have been built, over many years, by the industrious Hakka Chinese, upon marshy and reclaimed low-lying land. Over the past several decades, it has served as the location of Calcutta's Chinatown. This is not a coincidence; the Hakka Chinese of Calcutta have gradually turned this part of the Kolkata into an important destination for sourcing finished and semi-finished leather. The Hakka Chinese specialized in the manufacture of leather and turned it into one of the major industries of West Bengal, providing employment to tens of thousands of local inhabitants. In addition to the huge volume of exports to the developing and developed countries, finished leather is supplied to the major shoe and leather goods manufacturers all over the country. Many made-to-order shoe shops in Kolkata are also run by entrepreneurs from this community.

Amidst the Chinese establishments and restaurants, there is a very old and auspicious 'Kali Mondir'. The temple is situated near Kim Fa restaurant and Relax Foreign Liquor Shop. This temple is visited by both Chinese and Hindu devotees. One needs to be there to experience the spectacle of two cultures harmoniously doing business generation after generation.

Food from Tangra is a distinct variety of traditional Hakka Chinese cuisine adapted to Indian ingredients and the Bengali palate. This has spread to the rest of India, along with the recipes earlier unique to Tangra. Tangra is now the most popular destination for Chinese food. Chinese food sold in Tangra restaurants are now known all over the world as "Hakka Style" Chinese food.

Kolkata Chinatown is changing rapidly. The population is no longer renewed by waves of migration and many traditional professions such as dentistry, laundry and tannery are no longer the preserve of the Chinese. The West Bengal government, under direction from the Supreme Court, recently moved all tanneries to Bantala, a suburb in the east of Kolkata. However, Tangra has been an integral part of the culture of the Chinese community in India.

The success of "Hakka style" Chinese food in the rest of India encouraged a migration of many Chinese families to other cities as the economic fortunes of Tangra decayed. Many landmark Chinese eateries, including Nanking, Waldorf, Peiping and Fat Mama have closed or changed hands and fortunes. The once prosperous Calcutta Chinese community is now clearly in decline. However, a boom in Tangra's unique Indian-Chinese food is attracting a lot of attention these days and the cuisine will probably live on in Kolkata and in the global Indian Diaspora.

The Cha Project, is designed to preserve Tiretti Bazaar and develop Tangra.

History
The East India Company obtained from the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar, in 1717, the right to rent from 38 villages surrounding their settlement. Of these 5 lay across the Hooghly in what is now Howrah district. The remaining 33 villages were on the Calcutta side. After the fall of Siraj-ud-daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal, it purchased these villages in 1758 from Mir Jafar and reorganised them. These villages were known en-bloc as Dihi Panchannagram and Tangra was one of them. It was considered to be a suburb beyond the limits of the Maratha Ditch.

In the eastern fringes of Kolkata, the neighbourhoods such as Tangra, Tiljala, Topsia and Dhapa, were populated largely with people who migrated from poverty-ridden and caste-ridden villages, in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. They came with dreams of a better life but landed in the slums with open drains, pigsties, factory chimneys and pungent chemicals. They found work in the tanneries and factories, and also engaged in menial work. A big proportion of them were Chamars, but there also were Doms, Dosads, Mehtars and Kahars. They were all Harijans and they formed a majority. They escaped from the petty persecution they faced in their villages but were far removed from the mainstream of urban life and culture. They have been here, living in depressing conditions, for more than a century.

Police district
Tangra police station is in the Eastern Suburban division of Kolkata Police. It is located at 15, Gobinda Chandra Khatik Road, Kolkata-700015.

Ultadanga Women police station covers all police districts under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Suburban division i.e. Beliaghata, Entally, Manicktolla, Narkeldanga, Ultadanga, Tangra and Phoolbagan.

Private Bus

 * 24 Topsia - Bandhaghat
 * 24A Topsia - Bandhaghat
 * 213 Ghatakpukur - Babughat
 * SD24 Sonakhali, Basanti - Alipore Zoo

Mini Bus

 * S166 Tangra - Howrah Station

Train
Park Circus railway station on Sealdah South lines is the nearest railway station.

Education

 * D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital

Metro Rail
Barun Sengupta metro station (also known as Science City), is an under construction station of the Kolkata Metro Line 6 located at Parama Island on the EM Bypass is the nearest metro station.

title: Tangra, Kolkata


text:
The First Nudie Musical

The First Nudie Musical is a 1976 American musical comedy film directed by Mark Haggard and Bruce Kimmel.

Overview
The movie is a comedy starring Cindy Williams, Stephen Nathan and Bruce Kimmel. Nathan plays Harry Schechter, heir to a Hollywood studio forced to make a musical comedy porno in order to stave off bankruptcy. The movie features a series of farcical lewd musical numbers in the style of classical Hollywood musical comedies including: "Orgasm", "Lesbian Butch Dyke", and "Dancing Dildos."

An early staple of Cinemax, it has become a cult film since its initial release and was released on DVD in 2001. The film is featured in Cult Movies II by Danny Peary, and has a long entry in the book about 1970s film musicals, We Can Be Who We Are by Lee Gambin. It was one of several farcical musical-comedy collaborations between Kimmel (who also co-starred in the movie) and Williams, along with The Creature Wasn't Nice in 1981. Originally distributed by Paramount Pictures in 1976, it was picked up by World-Northal in 1977.

Reception
The film was panned by Janet Maslin of The New York Times, who described the concept of the film as "a losing proposition" and found the music "tuneless." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety wrote, "A few clever bits are drowned in a larger sea of silliness, forced gags and predictable cliche." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film half of one star out of four, calling it "juvenile" and "flaccid." Alan M. Kriegsman of The Washington Post panned the film for "crude photography, bad editing, sophomoric story and forgettable music."

Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times was more positive, writing, "Silly, sophomoric, at times downright inept, this little low-budget venture picked up by Paramount is more often than not hilarious, offering good, tonic laughter to those not offended by nudity and blunt language." Leonard Maltin's film guide gave it two stars out of four and noted, "Basically a one-joke idea that wears thin despite an air of amiability."

The First Nudie Musical holds an 86% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on seven reviews.

title: The First Nudie Musical


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Racusin & Wagner

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. Eugene van der Pijll 21:13, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Racusin & Wagner
Not notable. Returns 14 google hits. →Iñgōlemo←  talk  06:29, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)
 * Delete. Looks like advertising/self-promotion/vanity. I cannot find anything that verifies how this law firm is noteworthy. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 12:06, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless someone can show that they're somehow noteworthy. Which I very much doubt. -- Captain Disdain 20:37, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 10:53, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:Fictional undead

title: Category:Fictional undead


text: Category:Undead

title: Category:Undead


text: User talk:212.45.32.211

title: User talk:212.45.32.211


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/214.13.4.151

Wow. The comments this IP made on the Talk:Abortion page, and here, sound a lot like 'the cabal is out to bully my NPOV (read MPOV) away!' 66.220.113.169 06:36, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I don't see why I should support this any longer. This IP has been attacking me like a madman on the main page of this article. I do not see how this improves the condition so many of us have suffered under for about a month - it makes it worse for me. Also since user:Proto has just decided to join the IP on attacking me I have had enough. You were successful in bullying me out of this. Wikipedia will have to deal with the problem user 214.13.4.151 on its own.--Fenice 17:00, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Fenice, would you also leave my talk page alone, then, please, instead of harrassing me for five days solid over one edit I made, which deleted one whole spurious sentence? And then accusing me of bullying you? Proto 09:52, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

214.13.4.151 = DoD
This user has been doing similar disruptive things to the Karl Rove article and it appears this person is from the U.S. Govt. or using U.S. Govt equipment. See more here Calicocat 03:22, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This user was on 24hr block for 3RR violations to Karl Rove, and has placed numerous inaccurate comments, and deleted valid fact, on numerous occasions from this article, without attempt at good faith discussions. -- RyanFreisling @ 03:32, 22 July 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:69.170.68.147

title: User talk:69.170.68.147


text:
Federal Reserve Bank Note

Federal Reserve Bank Notes are legal tender banknotes in the United States that were issued between 1915 and 1934, together with United States Notes, Silver Certificates, Gold Certificates, National Bank Notes and Federal Reserve Notes. They were specified in the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 and had the same value as other kinds of notes of similar value. Federal Reserve Bank Notes are different from Federal Reserve Notes in that they are backed by one of the twelve Federal Reserve Banks, rather than by all collectively. Federal Reserve Bank Notes were envisioned as a replacement for National Bank Notes, but that did not prove to be the case. They were backed in a similar way to National Bank Notes, using U.S. bonds, but issued by Federal Reserve banks instead of by chartered National banks. Federal Reserve Bank Notes are no longer issued; the only U.S. banknotes still in production since 1971 are the Federal Reserve Notes.

Large size Federal Reserve Bank Notes were first issued in 1915 in denominations of US$5, US$10, and US$20, using a design that shared elements with both the National Bank Notes and the Federal Reserve Notes of the time. Additional denominations of US$1, US$2, and US$50 were issued in 1918 as an emergency replacement for Silver Certificates, which were temporarily removed from circulation under the Pittman Act.

Small size Federal Reserve Bank Notes were printed as an emergency issue in 1933 using the same paper stock as 1929 National Bank Notes. They were printed in denominations of US$5 through US$100. The wording, "Or by like deposit of other securities" was added after the phrase, "Secured by United States bonds deposited with the Treasurer of the United States of America". This emergency issue of notes was prompted by the public hoarding of cash due to many bank failures happening at the time. This also limited the ability of the National Banks to issue notes of their own. Small size Federal Reserve Bank Notes were discontinued in 1934 and have not been available from banks since 1945. As small size notes, they have brown seals and serial numbers, as do National Bank Notes of the era. But while they look very similar, and both have the words, "National Currency" across the top of the obverse, they had different issuers and are considered to be distinctly different types of bills.

title: Federal Reserve Bank Note


text:
List of surgeons

These are lists of notable surgeons.

Pioneers and firsts to perform particular procedures

 * Silvano Raia - Raia was the first surgeon to achieve a successful living donor liver transplantation in July 1989
 * B. K. Misra - First neurosurgeon in the world to perform image-guided surgery for aneurysms, first in South Asia to perform stereotactic radiosurgery, first in India to perform awake craniotomy and laparoscopic spine surgery.
 * Claudius Amyand, performed the first Appendicectomy
 * Christiaan Barnard, cardiac surgery, first heart transplantation
 * William DeVries, first permanent artificial heart transplant
 * Eric Mühe, first laparoscopic cholecystectomy
 * Paul Randall Harrington, first interior fixation of the spine by means of a Harrington rod.
 * John Heysham Gibbon (1903–1973), first open heart surgery
 * Simon Hullihen, The Father of Oral Surgery
 * John Hunter, first aneurysm operation and founder of early schools of anatomy
 * Leonard B. Kaban, Walter C. Guralnick Professor and Chair of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University, pioneer in oral, maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery
 * Richard Lehman (surgeon), pioneered several orthopedic surgeries
 * Frederic E. Mohs, developed the Mohs Micrographic Surgery technique (MMS) aka Mohs surgery in 1938 to remove skin cancer lesions.
 * Dallas B. Phemister, developed the Phemister graft and early innovator in orthopedics
 * Theodore H. Schwartz, first center in New York City to use intraoperative MRI scanning during endoscopic pituitary surgery
 * Lall Sawh, C.M.T., F.R.C.S.(Edin.). Kidney transplantation pioneer in the Caribbean and Latin America. Early proponent of Viagra.
 * Michael Woodruff, transplantation pioneer.
 * Sergelen Orgoi, developed low cost liver transplantation for developing countries

Researchers and inventors in the field of surgery

 * Norman Bethune, Canadian thoracic surgeon and humanitarian, early proponent of universal health care and inventor of the first practical mobile blood transport unit.
 * Victor Chang
 * Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000), creator of radial keratotomy
 * John Heysham Gibbon, invented the heart-lung machine.
 * Henry Gray, author of Gray's Anatomy
 * Moshe Gueron, best known for his pioneering research about human heart influences in result of scorpion sting.
 * Gavril Ilizarov, Russian orthopedic surgeon who invented the procedure to lengthen or reshape limb bones.
 * Walter Lawrence, Jr., surgical oncologist and leader in civil rights health equity efforts
 * Lars Leksell, neurosurgery, inventor of radiosurgery
 * Joseph Lister, discoverer of surgical asepsis
 * Kakish Ryskulova, inventor of new techniques in vascular surgery
 * Hilda Villegas Castrejón, Mexican surgeon and pioneer in electron microscopy
 * Vivien Thomas, developer with Alfred Blalock and Helen B. Taussig of the first congenital heart surgery techniques

title: List of surgeons


text:
Category:Vampires in games

Games that prominently feature vampires, including tabletop games, role-playing games, and video games.

title: Category:Vampires in games


text:
Sonny Emory

Sonny Emory (born December 23, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, drummer and percussionist. Emory is a former member of the band Earth, Wind & Fire. He has also worked with artists such as Bruce Hornsby, Steely Dan, Eric Clapton, Jeff Lorber and the B-52's.

Early years
Sonny Emory is a native of Atlanta, Georgia who received his first drum set at the age of five. He attended Frederick Douglass High School. He graduated from Georgia State University with a bachelor's degree in Jazz and Classical Performance. After graduating, Emory began his career as a professional percussionist.

Professional career
At first Emory played the drums on guitarist Bruce Hampton's 1987 album Arkansas and then upon keyboardist Joe Sample's 1987 LP Roles. Emory also went on join the band Earth, Wind & Fire during 1987.

He later featured on saxophonist Brandon Fields 1988 album The Traveler. Emory then featured alongside Eric Clapton and David Sanborn on the soundtrack of the 1989 feature film Lethal Weapon 2. As well Emory played the drums on The B-52's 1989 LP Cosmic Thing, Phyllis Hyman's 1991 album Prime of My Life, Peabo Bryson 1991 LP Can You Stop the Rain and Chic's 1992 album Chic-ism.

Emory also featured on George Howard's 1993 LP When Summer Comes, Bobby Lyle's 1994 album Rhythm Stories and Everette Harp's 1994 LP Common Ground. He also played percussion upon the Urban Knights 1997 album Urban Knights II and Lee Ritenour's 1998 studio LP This Is Love.

Sonny was a member of Bruce Hornsby's Noisemakers band from 2002 to 2018.

Teaching career
Emory lectures as an adjunct professor in Applied Percussion at Georgia State University.

title: Sonny Emory


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Suburi

Suburi (素振り) is a Japanese word for practice swings used in sports such as baseball, tennis, golf, and in martial arts. Outside Japan, the word is used exclusively for repetitive individual cutting exercises used in Japanese martial arts such as kendo, aikido, iaidō, and kenjutsu. Often a shinai (for kendo), bokken, suburitō, or even tanren bō are used. An iaitō or shinken can also be used, albeit rarely.

Some common types (these can vary between styles):
 * katate-suburi (片手素振り)
 * holding the weapon with only the left hand (which is supposed to be used as the power hand)

 * haya-suburi (速素振り)
 * rapid suburi where you cut on the forward motion and assume jodan on the return motion, feet should glide on the floor. Sometimes called choyaku-men

 * chōyaku-suburi (跳躍素振り)
 * incorporating a coordinated jumping like movement with the strike

 * jōge-suburi (上下素振り)
 * strikes with back swings that almost touch ones lower back and forward swings which almost touch the floor

 * naname-suburi (斜め素振り)
 * alternating diagonal strikes, cutting across the opponent's torso, starting with a cut to the left

 * shōmen-suburi (正面素振り)
 * strikes to an opponent's forehead

 * zenshin-kōtai-shōmen-suburi (前進後退正面素振り)
 * strikes to an opponent's forehead, starting with forward, then backward.

 * sayū-men-suburi (左右面素振り)
 * alternating strikes to an opponent's forehead, starting with your right-hand side.

Suburi is used as a warm up before actual practice begins, usually done in sets of ten, though sometimes sets of 100 are used (especially with naname-suburi and shomen suburi). Suburi serves to loosen the wrists (naname suburi) and elevate heart rate (haya suburi).

title: Suburi


text:
File:ComicItemsScreen.jpg

Summary
Items and enemies from The Adventures of Captain Comic.

This image is considered fair use in the Captain Comic article because it serves to illustrate the subject of the article (note that the article mentions, in detail, the items depicted in this image) where no free equivalent is available. It is not expected that this use will diminish the commercial value of the original work. —EatMyShortz (talk) 22:41, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

title: File:ComicItemsScreen.jpg


text:
User:Editing DNA

this account will be used to edit dNa--Editing DNA 06:44, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This account was BLOCKED for vandalizing "dNa"... 68.39.174.238 04:24, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Editing DNA


text:
Surgery (disambiguation)

Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative treatment.

Surgery may also refer to:

Medicine

 * Operating theater, where surgery is performed, or the offices of the practitioner, the surgeon
 * Doctor's surgery, British term for a doctor's office, a facility in which a general practitioner sees patients
 * Surgery (journal), a medical journal

Mathematics

 * Surgery theory, a mathematical operation used in topology; two special cases are:
 * Dehn surgery
 * Hyperbolic Dehn surgery

Arts, entertainment, and media

 * Surgery (band), an American noise rock band
 * The Surgery, a weekly radio show on BBC Radio 1
 * Surgery (album), a 2005 album by The Warlocks
 * "Surgery", a song by Robyn Hitchcock on his compilation album You & Oblivion
 * "Surgery", a song by Jack Off Jill on their album Clear Hearts Grey Flowers
 * "Surgery", a song by Two Door Cinema Club on their album Gameshow
 * "Surgery" (short story), a short story by Anton Chekhov

Other uses

 * Surgery (politics), a series of one-to-one meetings that a political officeholder may have with his or her constituents

title: Surgery (disambiguation)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Physicsforums.com

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. Eugene van der Pijll 21:13, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Physicsforums.com
Speedy delete, nothing to develop Rev Prez 06:47, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedydelete. Apparently Rev Prez created it and now wants it delted. Sjakkalle 11:23, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Perfectly good stub, can't think of a good reason to delete it. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 12:29, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Alexa rank of 31,757, but just forums - delete. Dunc|☺ 14:45, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all but the most notable forums. the wub (talk) 16:18, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Dunc and The wub. Mgm|(talk) 16:33, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, as indicated by Sjakkalle. This is listed in WP:CSD. --Idont Havaname 19:50, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete. Small world, hmm. I was a major member of this forum from pretty much the beginning, until about last year. Still, I don't think it is terribly notable.--Fangz 03:24, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. No valid reason to delete. JamesBurns 10:54, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NeoJustin 03:03 June 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Primary author wants it gone. --Schulte 05:42, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Template talk:Infobox AFL biography/Archive 1

Player numbers
Moved from Template_talk:afl-infobox: Should this template include a jumper number(s) part with all known information about what number they wore, and when. This could be ignored for players who had several numbers when numbers were given out according to alphabetical order in certain teams.

For example Nathan Buckley: Jumper Number: 5 (Collingwood), 11 (Brisbane Bears)

Matthew Lokan: Jumper Number: 39 (2003), 29 (2004-2005)

Syd Coventry: Jumper Number: Various (1 mostly as this was the captains number)

 * agree--Rulesfan 02:54, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Height and weight
Should we include height and weight? YearOfTheDog = I believe it should be included
 * I note that this has just been done, but this now means that nearly 400 articles now have in their infobox. Is there going to be a concerted effort to have these missing values entered? --The Brain of Morbius 10:32, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Never mind, I just fixed it using the new qif function. Where there is no heightweight value, that row is skipped.--The Brain of Morbius 06:50, 13 March 2006 (UTC)
 * is deprecated. I've replaced it with {{#if:}}. — Apr. 24, '06 [06:07] <[ freakofnurxture]|[ talk]>
 * I've just edited the "Height and weight" to be simply "Height/Weight" as in line with the inputted figures, which are separated by a "/" --User:Boomtish 8:33, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

Image problems
It seems images are restricted to 200px. Is there anyway to make pages like Andrew Mackie so that images can be adjustable?
 * Now the images don't show up at all? Pages like Jack Worrall which had images are now gone. Help !  R o  gerthat  Talk  01:52, 13 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Can somebody fix the images thing, please? I was trying to put an image of Fryzie on his article, and I was wondering why it wasn't appearing.  I would have a go at the template, but no doubt I'd have some angry villagers at me with the flaming pitchforks if I did...  Anyway, so yeah.  I'm going to put the image in the article text instead, for now.  -- JD [ don't talk|email ] 09:39, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Good news guys, I got the image thing working. It's probably not done in the best way, but it works.  -- JD [ don't talk|email ] 12:45, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
 * It actually needs some work, something to stop the image syntax from appearing when there isn't an image on the article. I can't do that though.  -- JD [ don't talk|email ] 13:09, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I reverted all the work I did, as it wasn't great. I'll ask somebody to look at it later.  -- JD [ don't talk|email ] 13:16, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

The #if for the image didn't have quite the right syntax (missing the "|" separating the condition from the "then" clause). It's fixed now. -- Rick Block (talk) 17:23, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * While we're at it, is there any way to specify the pixels of the image? I noticed all images are set to 200px with no option to change. Thanks for your help Rick and JD, very much appreciated. Cheers!  R o  gerthat  Talk  11:20, 21 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, there is, but removing it at the moment would affect all the images on all the pages, making any large ones huge. J Ditalk 16:11, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Original Club
This section should be further clarified. Note that the rugby league player info box (see Andrew Johns) has Current Club, Youth Club and Professional Clubs. Furthermore, each club should include the state or country in which the club played so that there is consistency in the articles.--Rulesfan 02:54, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

 * further to this, check out Adam McPhee. Someone used an info box called "Football Player" which seems to be generic and based on a combination of the rugby and soccer info boxes which looks and reads much better.  Does anyone favour converting some of the existing infoboxes to this new format ?  please discuss ... --Rulesfan 00:39, 11 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, this infobox could do with a bit of reworking, but we need someone who's good on the technical side of things to help redeisgn it.  R o  gerthat  Talk  03:58, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

Playing Position
Should we put a field in for their preferred playing position ? --Rulesfan 02:56, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed, and duly added -- User:Boomtish 08:34, 2 October 2007 (2007)

Problems with putting things on the same line with a comma in between
", " for example, leaves a stray comma when the latter is missing--see Percy Wilson, which has the same problem, due to missing information, also on the "Debut" line. Seems like things should be on lines by themselves, or the comma should only appear when the following thing has a value (unfortunately I have no idea how wikicode ifs work). Sohelpme 04:00, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Images
I've just changed the image links, based on the Template:Infobox_musical_artist info box syntax. Use image size = XXX (only the number, don't put in px) and image capt = blah blah blah. ie:

| image size = 150 | image capt = abc fhd fhdj

Both are optional. Hope it all works without any issues. The-Pope 08:54, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup
I've done some cleanup on the template. Extra |- create whitespace above the text of the main article and many articles had this. If the thing about extra commas and so on in the debut match is still posing a problem, let me know and I can fix this for you. SeveroTC 13:27, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Helpme: Ron Evans and Bizarre New INFOBOX (possibly an idiosyncratic intrusion, rather than WikiProject AFL Policy)
This may not be the correct location for this WikiProject AFL question. Unfortunately, if there is a more appropriate place, I can not find it.

I refer to recent work I have performed on the article about Ron Evans. Yesterday, the INFOBOX on the article looked like this.

Later, when I went to check on something else (namely, the accuracy of the links that, supposedly gave Evans' particulars as an individual connected with SPOTLESS, and found the supplied link to be "dead") I discovered that User 121.222.160.84 (Talk) had dramatically changed the appearance of the article with what he/she had coded as "Infobox afl player NEW".

It does not appear that this new table comes under the general umbrella-term of VANDALISM, but, in the nature and form that it presently has, it certainly does de-stabilize the transfer of knowledge to a naïve and uniformed reader.

 * (1) Is this some new policy -- namely, that this sort of INFOBOX must now be used?

 * (2) Does it intentionally have one of these totally-inappropriate-to-earlier-times 2008 generic designations (shorts, talls, etc.) in calling Evans' (195s and 1960s) position "Forward", rather than what it actually was when he played at Caulfield Grammar, at Essendon (whenever he played a full senior game, rather than as a reserve), and at West Perth: namely, that of "Full Forward"?
 * To me, is just as absurd as refusing to allow other accurate and specific-to-earlier-times designations such as "flick-pass", "drop-kick", "place-kick" to appear on a page in a VFL or AFL article simply because these terms do not apply to the game in 2008.

 * (3) Next, and this is what is causing me great personal distress. . . Why is it the case that, with this strange and unusual new INFOBOX, the career highlights of Evans are (as a default!) automatically hidden from view?
 * And, to further compound my distress and disquiet, this "default" of "HIDDEN" must be identified, disengaged, and converted to "SHOW" on every single occasion I visit the page.

 * (4) Can somebody please explain why, apparently as Wiki policy (i.e., the policy of something that presents itself as an Encyclopaedia), the extraordinary decision has been made -- if, in fact, it has been made at all (which would be the case if this strange infobox is simply an idiosyncratic usage by User 121.222.160.84 (Talk)) -- to make the Career Highlights box default "SHOW", rather than "HIDE".
 * This choice, of having "SHOW" rather than "HIDE" as the default, when viewed from any sort of structured thinking perspective must be one of the strangest choices that could have been possibly made, given the fact that a large number of the INFOBOXES within the articles of those players from earlier eras have nothing at all in the "Career Highlights" section; and, thus, I am required to do an enormous amount of extra work, simply to discover that there is nothing there.
 * Surely from any sort of knowledge provision perspective, one should automatically assume that, in all cases, all readers want all information immediately; and, consequently, provide a means for the unusual reader, who does not require all information at all time, to specify such conditions in their own particular case. In other words, the default should be one of "I opt in", rather than "I opt out".

 * (5) Can somebody please explain why all the details of the player's debut game, debut stadium, debut team, and debut opponent are no longer considered important by the WikiProject AFL??

Anyway can somebody with some authority and some knowledge of the WikiProject AFL please look at this matter for me, and explain to me what is going on??? (Obviously, if this is nothing more than some idiosyncratic attempt by User 121.222.160.84 (Talk) to alter the state of play, the 5 questions above do not apply, and either you or I can simply reverse his/her work.)

Also, finally, can you please answer my question here, rather than somewhere else.Lindsay658 (talk) 23:16, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I suggest you put brief notes in some of these places: Talk:Ron Evans, Template talk:Infobox afl player NEW (this last page doesn't exist, but you can create it) and User talk:121.222.160.84, inviting people here for discussion about it. Then discuss it with whoever shows up over the next few days, or if nobody except yourself does, then change it to the way you think it ought to be -- especially if you've made sure that 121.222.160.84 has been consulted.  I hope this suggestion is helpful to you. You might want to review the WP:CONSENSUS policy. --Coppertwig (talk) 02:54, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your comments. However, what you have said does not seem to help very much. Also, as far as I can tell, this page is the best page because it deal directly with the issue of the conventions of standardized INFOBOX use in AFL articles; and, to me, it needs somebody connected with the WikiProject AFL to instruct me in relation to the, to me, non-standard INFOBOX that (a) has been inserted unilaterally despite an agreed convention that might cover as many as 10,000 indiviual articles, and (b) does not allow all of its internal information to be shown immediately. (Also, I left a message at User talk:121.222.160.84 directing him/her to this page. I also "copied" my initial question to Talk:Ron Evans, requesting that any contributions be made here.) It would seem that to have this matter sorted out — which certainly seems to be one connected with me getting directions about the very WikiProject AFL conventions, innovations, etc. that are the subject of this page — are far better discussed here. So, in summary, my request for guidance still stands, and my request still occupies this location.Lindsay658 (talk) 04:41, 2 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Further to the preceding, a further search reveal that matters discussed at and, especially, at  may have something to do with this over-zealous, anachronistic "2008-oriented" intrusion into an otherwise convention-abiding "earlier era of Aussie Rules" article. As you can see at, and at , I have also requested that User:Allied45 give us all the benefit of his/her wisdom on this matter.Lindsay658 (talk) 05:24, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I am fairly sure this is the work of User:Allied45, who might not have been logged in at the time. I don't think there was any sort of grand decision made by WikiProject AFL - in any case that is not important as there is no "authority" over these articles. WikiProject AFL has no more power than anyone else over improving articles. Editors often make big changes without discussion first because it can take too long to get a wide response, and often nobody really cares/minds all that much (although apparently not in this case). So my advice is that if you are convinced of an improvement that can be made - feel free to make it! Get in there and change the Career Highlights to show by default, etc. Wikipedia encourages you to be bold and make edits you think are an improvement. If someone harks up then bring the discussion into here. (It is a big shame that this template change was made as a new template instead of changing the existing one - it means it is not practical for you to revert the changes, and that until the full conversion is done there will be articles with the old template, and some with the new one.) Remy B (talk) 05:45, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Ok, firstly I didn't create the Infobox discussed. That was User:Boomtish, so you may want to get his/her say on this matter. I did implement the show/hide feature on the infobox, only because some articles had long infoboxes, but only short articles, so the fully extended infobox would take up too much space compared to the rest of the article. The show/hide feature is used in many infoboxes such as Template:Infobox actor for awards won, and Template:Infobox chef for various items. So this infobox is not alone. Also, nothing is stopping you from adding older footy terms for players of the relevant periods. I also think the players' debut details should be mentioned on the new infobox as the other infobox has, and you can certainly add these to the infobox if you want, as well as anything else you think is needed or not needed. - Allied45 (talk) 10:13, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I did create the infobox afl player NEW template, as was outlined in previous discussions here.... I had originally editted the orginal infox box afl player template, but was advised of the problem of then having 'dead' templates floating around whilst the changing of templates occured. Hence, I was also advised to create a new, separate template and work on implementing this template to player pages one by one, which is a process that is still ongoing as of now. To address one of your questions, and as Allied45 previously mentioned, there is no 'limit' to what positions you may wish to outline. Simiarly, Allied45 has kindly created the show/hide feature to help clean-up extremely long 'career highlight' sections. I am still struggling to understand, though, why this new infobox is deemed unapplicable to players from times prior to 2007?Boomtish (talk) 00:23, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Thanks to all for your input. My question was, in essence, one relating to conventions. It is now very clear from the above that, whatever might happen in relation to this new sort of INFOBOX, it does not apply to those who played VFL (or WANFL, SAFL, TFL, etc.) football -- or, as well, to those who played AFL football prior to, say, 2007.

One of the principal reasons for this difference is the plain historical fact that, although it seems from today's perspective that the VFL was, indeed, the highest standard competition in the land, it was not the elite Australia-wide competition that we see in the AFL of 2008.

And, moreover, there will never again be the phenomenon of "recruits" entering the competition at, say, the age of 24 (Malcolm Blight, North Melbourne Football Club, 1974) and most certainly there will never again be a "recruit" like Charlie Hardy, at 5'1" (155cm), a member of Essendon's famous "Mosquito Fleet", and later coach of Essendon from 1928 to 1930, who played the first of his 36 senior games with Essendon in 1921 at the age of 34.

You might say "But that was a different era!" That is precisely my point. Yet, it must be clear to you all that the fact that these things will no longer occur does not alter the fact that these sorts of things reflect previous times, and that the status quo of those previous times -- which reflect something like 12,000 individual players (in the VFL and AFL alone) -- must be clearly and unequivocally represented in any thorough historical record of the game's past. I will remove the imposed anachronistic INFOBOX from Ron Evans and, in its place, insert a slightly revised edition of the one it had replaced. Once again, thanks for your valuable input.Lindsay658 (talk) 18:00, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

I was the bloke who consulted with Boomtish when he or she created this infobox and agree completely with Lindsay that it doesn't apply to players of a previous era. One of the main things I do with this Wikiproject is create player articles for those from the last century and am yet to once implement this new infobox on their pages. I still use the old one and haven't had a problem with anyone converting it to the other. So basically I wouldn't worry about it because we certainly didn't agree that it should go on everyone's page. The impression I got was that Boomtish, like more here, seems mainly interested in current players, or those from the 1990s. By the way I've noticed your creation and contributions to past player articles over the last month or so and your diligent work is much appreciated. Cheers Crickettragic (talk) 23:52, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I would still appreciate someone (preferrably Lindsay) telling me exactly what the original problem is/was. The new infobox template I created should not have destabilised any previous articles (who still have the older infobox template), as they are separate templates, and therefore have been implemented separately. If someone has gone and placed the new infobox template without editting it accordingly into older articles, then agreeably that is a cause for concern (but will simply require proper editting), but as far as I can tell, that is not the case. Additionally, for trivial sake more than anything, could someone also please kindly point out what major points prevent the implementation of this new infobox template into older players. As far as I can tell, they can be adjusted accordingly to suit retired players or those who don't fall in the drafting era of football. See Gary Ablett as an example of a retired player from the 80's/90's who was not drafted. Cheers. Boomtish (talk) 06:56, 5 March 2008 (UTC)


text:
Josh Groban (album)

Josh Groban is the debut studio album by singer Josh Groban. The track "You're Still You" charted at No. 10 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, and "To Where You Are" charted at No. 1 on the same chart. As of October 2015, the album has sold 5.2 million in the U.S.

Track listing
Notes
 * signifies an additional producer

title: Josh Groban (album)


text:
User talk:S.M.

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

lots of issues | leave me a message 06:55, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Richard 1
You recently edited the Richard I of England article with the following assertion:
 * He was considered a hero in his day by his countrymen and has often been portrayed as one in works of literature. Alternately, to people he attempted to conquer, such as the Arabs, Richard is seen as a monster, a tyrant, and a murderer.

It is quite easy to find sources to substantiate that he was seen as a hero by his countryman, and not merely in his day - as a child I was brought up on literature that depicted Richard 1 as a hero. Part of the Robin Hood story often has Richard as the good brother and hero versus bad King John and the Sheriff of Nottingham.

However, I am not familiar with Arab literature. Is he popularly seen as "a monster, a tyrant, and a murderer". Can you provide sources for this assertion?

Regards --AYArktos 21:22, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:S.M.


text:
User:Oxag

Warning : I am not the User:Oxag who vandalized pages back in March 2005 and who is now here.

Please, contact me on my main user page. Thank you.

fr:Utilisateur:Oxag de:Benutzer:Oxag es:Usuario:Oxag it:Utente:Oxag pt:Usu%C3%A1rio:Oxag th:%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:Oxag

title: User:Oxag