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Mungojerrie and Rumpleteazer

Mungojerrie and Rumpleteazer are fictional characters in T. S. Eliot's 1939 poetry book Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats. The Jellicle cat duo are mischievous petty thieves who often cause trouble for their human family. Although originally published as part of a collection, the poem "Mungojerrie and Rumpleteazer" was published as a standalone book by Faber and Faber in 2018.

Eliot's book was adapted into the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Cats. The roles of Mungojerrie and Rumpleteazer were originated by John Thornton and Bonnie Langford in the West End in 1981 and by Rene Clemente and Christine Langner on Broadway in 1982.

Characteristics
Mungojerrie and Rumpleteazer are partners-in-crime, specialising in petty theft and mischief. In Eliot's original poem "Mungojerrie and Rumpelteazer", they are depicted knocking over Ming vases and stealing items from their human family. As they are identical twins, their owners never know which of the two is responsible for the mischief. Mungojerrie is also mentioned in the poem "Macavity, the Mystery Cat", where he is rumoured to be one of Macavity's agents. They live in Victoria Grove in Kensington, England.

In "Cats"
While Rumpelteazer is suggested to be a male cat in Eliot's original poem ("...they were plausible fellows..."), the character is portrayed as female in the musical. Vocally, Mungojerrie is meant to be played by a high baritone and Rumpleteazer by a high belter. Acrobatic skills are also required to portray the duo.

Musical number
The duo's eponymous song "Mungojerrie and Rumpleteazer" has been revised several times. In the original London production, the number was a singsong-style duet that was mainly composed in time with a slower tempo and more jazz-like sound. When Cats opened on Broadway, the song was rewritten to be faster and more upbeat, alternating between vaudeville-style verses (in time) and a "manic patter" section (in  time). The London version was later rewritten to incorporate some aspects of its Broadway counterpart. Mungojerrie and Rumpleteazer dance throughout their number and perform acrobatic feats, including their "trademark" two-person cartwheels.

A new setting of the song "Mungojerrie and Rumpleteazer" was also written for the original Broadway production, in which the song was sung by Mr. Mistoffelees, while the actors playing Coricopat (Rene Clemente) and Etcetera (Christine Langner) danced the song as "dolls" made of junk, brought to life, and appearing out of the boot (trunk) of a car through the magic of Mr. Mistoffelees. In 1987, the Broadway production was re-worked and the song was given back to the characters of Mungojerrie and Rumpelteazer, then played by Ray Roderick (who had formerly been the character Carbucketty) and Christine Langner, whose role of Etcetera was replaced by Rumpleteazer.

Costumes
Onstage, Mungojerrie and Rumpleteazer are usually costumed as orange, black and brown calico or tabby cats. When they perform their song, they have additional costume pieces: a vest and stockings for Mungojerrie; a garter belt, stockings and stolen jewellery for Rumpleteazer. In the original Broadway production, they wore baggy clown-like costumes seemingly made of various food wrappers as characters performing for Bustopher Jones.

Mungojerrie
The role of Mungojerrie was originated by John Thornton on the West End in 1981, and by Rene Clemente on Broadway in 1982. On screen, Mungojerrie was portrayed by Drew Varley in the 1998 film adaptation, and by Danny Collins in the 2019 film adaptation.

Rumpleteazer
Rumpleteazer was originated by Bonnie Langford on the West End in 1981, and by Christine Langner on Broadway in 1982. On screen, the character was played by Jo Gibb in the 1998 filmed version, and by Naoimh Morgan in the 2019 film adaptation.

Cultural references

 * The rock, pop, and skiffle band Mungo Jerry, most famous for their hit "In the Summertime", are named after the character.
 * The character "Mingojerry Rample" in the film Serenity was a reference to the character Mungojerrie.
 * A wax sculpture of Rumpleteazer is displayed at the Panoptikum Hamburg wax museum in Hamburg, Germany.

title: Mungojerrie and Rumpleteazer


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Kaiketsu Zubat

Kaiketsu Zubat (快傑ズバット), is a tokusatsu superhero series that aired in 1977. Created by Shotaro Ishinomori, this 32-episode series (which aired on TV Tokyo from February 2, 1977 to September 28, 1977), harkens back to tokusatsu superhero shows of the 1950s, but with a late-1970s twist. The series was first released on DVD in 2008.

Premise and plotlines

 * "Here with a "zubat"! Solving problems with a "zubat"! I call myself the wandering hero! Kaiketsu Zubat!" (ズバッと参上、ズバッと解決、人呼んで さすらいのヒーロー！ 快傑ズバット！)

The star of the show is a private detective named Ken Hayakawa, played by veteran Hiroshi Miyauchi. In the first episode, his best friend Goro Asuka is mysteriously killed. Ken takes over his friend's gear that Asuka had invented: a suit and a flying vehicle, which he names the Zubat Suit and the Zubat Car. He travels the land as a wandering hero, fighting evil and injustice while in the guise of Zubat, and also trying to find Asuka's killer. Zubat's name is based on the sound effect "zubatto," which is the sound of something being hit right on target.

The series is unusual in the tokusatsu genre as the title hero Zubat does not "henshin" (transform) like the other superheroes Ishinomori created. Ken Hayakawa normally dresses in black & red gringo cowboy attire, but he just puts on his red & black "Zubasuit" hidden in his guitar when deciding to face his enemies as Zubat. His outfit looks no different from that of a Sentai hero:
 * A helmet with "Z"-themed features and an open/close visor and mouthpiece
 * A streamlined rubber jumpsuit with a white scarf (another Ishinomori trademark).

The villains are also unusual for the genre. There are no monsters; rather, Zubat fights against a large criminal organization named Dakker and its mysterious leader, as well as other outlandishly-dressed criminals. Many episodes of this series have a bizarre Japanese "wild west" style setting, perhaps to explain why justice is meted out by a traveling superhero rather than lawful authorities expected in a more populated and dense setting like Japanese big cities.

An episode would generally have a single head criminal, and a yojimbo ("bodyguard"), somehow terrorizing a group of people. Ken Hayakawa would happen upon this and meet the yojimbo, which would lead to a demonstration of the latter's quirky skill they've used to threaten people. Ken Hayakawa would then defeat the villain and their gimmick.

Episode List

 * 1) Right After the Wandering Blast (さすらいは爆破のあとで)
 * 2) Migratory Birds Right in the Flames (炎の中の渡り鳥)
 * 3) The Sorrow Solid-Golden Angel (悲しき純金の天使)
 * 4) The Tearful Enemy Breaks Right Through (涙の敵中突破)
 * 5) The Flower Vendor Girl and the White Flour (花売り少女と白い粉)
 * 6) The Machine Gun Howls in the Sea (海にほえるマシンガン)
 * 7) The Nefarious Wind Blows Through the Seaport (悪い風だぜ港町)
 * 8) The Sorrowful Propane Blast (哀しみのプロパン爆破)
 * 9) Looking Back at the Tearful River (涙の河を振り返れ)
 * 10) The Baseball Opponent Flies to the Curb (野球の敵を場外へ飛ばせ)
 * 11) Don't Die, my Friends! Crisis One Second Back (死ぬな友よ! 危機一秒前)
 * 12) An Executioner 10 Seconds Ago (死刑執行10秒前)
 * 13) The Boy Killer's Ballade (少年殺し屋のバラード)
 * 14) The White-Feathered Arrow's Farewell Tears (白羽の矢 涙の別れ)
 * 15) The Sorrowful Mother's Lullaby (哀しき母の子守唄)
 * 16) The Sorrowful Ken's Accused of Murder (殺しのぬれぎぬ 哀しみの健)
 * 17) The Little Wailing Sister: Two Kens (嘆きの妹 ふたりの健)
 * 18) Look Out! The Soap Bubble's Love (危うし! シャボン玉の恋)
 * 19) The Tragic Love Breaks the Love Letter (悲恋 破られたラブレター)
 * 20) The Female Dragon Vowed to Shed Tears (女ドラゴン 涙の誓い)
 * 21) Farewell, Eyelidded Mother (さらば瞼の母)
 * 22) The Young Boxer: Tearful Father (少年ボクサー 涙の父)
 * 23) The Okami Family Home: The Three Sisters and Ten'ichibo (大神家一族の三姉妹と天一坊)
 * 24) The Tearful Ken: The Unknown Town's Lover (涙の健 見知らぬ街の恋人)
 * 25) Kojin'yama's Tearful Farewell (荒神山 涙の別れ)
 * 26) Forgive Me, My Child! (許せ我が子よ!)
 * 27) Surprise! Is that the Perpetrator who killed Asuka?! (意外! 飛鳥殺しの犯人?!)
 * 28) And then, He Becomes Nobody (そして、誰も居なくなる)
 * 29) Orphaned Children: Tearful Revenge (父母なき子 涙の復讐)
 * 30) Between the Sorrowful Life and Death (悲しき生と死の間に)
 * 31) Showdown! Leader L's the Real Culprit? (対決! 真犯人首領L?)
 * 32) The Day-to-Day Battle Bids Farewell, And then (さらば斗いの日々、そして)

Cast

 * Ken Hayakawa (早川 健): Hiroshi Miyauchi (宮内 洋)
 * Midori Asuka (飛鳥 みどり): Nobuko Ōshiro (大城 信子)
 * Osamu Terada (寺田 オサム): Nobuyuki Nakano (中野 宣之)
 * Shingo Tōjō (東条 進吾): Shin Saitō (斉藤 真)
 * Leader L (首領L): Ryūji Hayami (はやみ 竜次)
 * Narrator (ナレーター): Shin Aomori (青森 伸)

Songs

 * Opening Theme
 * Jigoku no Zubat (地獄のズバット)
 * Lyrics: Shōtarō Ishinomori
 * Composition & Arrangement: Kensuke Kyō
 * Artist: Ichirou Mizuki

 * Ending Theme
 * Otoko wa Hitori Michi o Yuku (男はひとり道をゆく)
 * Lyrics: Saburo Yatsude
 * Composition & Arrangement: Kensuke Kyō
 * Artist: Ichirou Mizuki

Kamen Rider 40th Anniversary film
Zubat, along with Kikaider, Kikaider 01, and Inazuman made an appearance in OOO, Den-O, All Riders: Let's Go Kamen Riders (オーズ・電王・オールライダー レッツゴー仮面ライダー) in commemoration of the Toei Company's 60th Anniversary in 2011. This brief appearance saw the four heroes destroy the Kamen Rider Stronger villain, General Shadow.

Legacy
This series would also be parodied by Daicon Films (now Gainax) in 1982, in a series of short films starring the superhero Kaiketsu Noutenki (who also has the same alter-ego, Ken Hayakawa). Zubat's costume was also a basis for the video game superhero parody Viewtiful Joe.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kaiketsu Zubat


text: User talk:63.251.112.162

title: User talk:63.251.112.162


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Syndic

"Syndic" (Late Latin: syndicus; Greek: σύνδικος, sýndikos – one who helps in a court of justice, an advocate, representative) is a term applied in certain countries to an officer of government with varying powers, and secondly to a representative or delegate of a university, institution or other corporation, entrusted with special functions or powers.

The meaning which underlies both applications is that of representative or delegate. Du Cange, after defining the word as defensor, patronus, advocatus, proceeds: Syndici maxime appellantur Actores universitatum, collegiorum, societatum et aliorum corporum, per quos, tanquam in republica quod communiter agi fierive oportet, agitur et fit ("Syndics are chiefly called the actors of universities, colleges, societies, and other bodies, through whom, as in a republic, what must be pursued and done in common, is pursued and done"), and gives several examples from the 13th century of the use of the term. The most familiar use of syndic in the first sense is that of the Italian sindaco and the French syndic who is the head of the administration of a comune, comparable to a mayor, and a government official, elected by the residents of the commune.

Use in Italian and French linguistic areas
As indicated above, in Italy and some Italian and French speaking parts of Switzerland, the term sindaco or sindaca, or syndic, is equivalent to the English term 'mayor', in this case, the head of the administration of a comune.

Use in Catalan or Occitan linguistic areas
In areas where Catalan or Occitan are spoken, the term has been used since Medieval times. At present it is used in a variety of cases. The speaker of Andorra's parliament is known as the Síndic General (General Syndic) or Síndic Primer (First Syndic). Until the 1993 Constitution, the First Syndic was the effective head of government of Andorra. Similarly, the Síndic d'Aran (Aran Syndic in Occitan) is the head of the administration of the Aran Valley in Catalonia. In Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community, the Síndic de Greuges or Síndica de Greuges ("advocate of grievances") is the ombudsman or ombudswoman,  while the Síndic de Comptes or Síndica de Comptes is a board member of the Public Audit Office in each of the three regions. In the Valencian Parliament, the spokesperson of a parliamentary group is called a síndic or síndica, and together they form the Junta de Síndics (Board of Spokespersons), while in the Horta de València region (the area around the city of Valencia), a síndic is also a member of the Water Tribunal (Tribunal de les Aigües), the body in charge of regulating irrigation matters. In Alguer, Sardinia, the síndic is the equivalent of mayor.

Use in Mexican politics
A syndic is a trustee, the member of the municipal council responsible for monitoring and defending municipal interests. The syndic is in charge of legally representing the city council, procuring justice and the legality of the municipal administration. The syndic is also responsible for monitoring and managing the municipal finances. They must participate collegially with the mayor and the rest of the municipal council to make decisions on the political management of the municipality.

Use in labour organisations, associations, guilds and universities
In Europe in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, nearly all companies, guilds, and the University of Paris had representative bodies the members of which were termed syndici. Similarly in England, the Regent House of the University of Cambridge, which is the legislative body, delegates certain functions to special committees of its members, appointed from time to time by Grace (a proposal offered to the Regent House and confirmed by it); these committees are termed "syndicates" and are permanent or occasional, and the members are styled "the syndics" of the particular committee or of the institution which they administer; thus there are the syndics of the Fitzwilliam Museum, of the Cambridge University Press, of local examinations, etc.

The term sindicat in Catalan is used in a broad sense to mean an association for the defence of the economic or social interests of its members, and therefore is often used generically to refer to labour organizations, as well as in the titles of certain labour organizations or federations (for instance, the Confederació Sindical de Treballadors de Catalunya, the Unió Sindical Obrera de Catalunya, the Coordinadora Obrera Sindical, etc.), student organizations (Sindicat d'Estudiants dels Països Catalans, Sindicat d'Estudiants del País Valencià, Sindicat Democràtic d'Estudiants de la Universitat de Barcelona, etc.) and journalist organizations (Sindicat de Periodistes de Catalunya / Sindicat de Professionals de la Comunicació, etc.), among others. The members or leaders of these organisations, however, are not called síndics.

Use in property management
In some countries, notably France, Belgium and Brazil, a syndic de copropriété (Dutch syndicus, Portuguese síndico) is an important figure in millions of lives, elected by owners of condominiums to represent property owners in the management of the co-owned building or property. While the profession is regulated, fees are not, and in France complaints of overcharging are frequent. The Association des responsables de copropriété (ARC) reported that fees rose by 4% in 2016, though the rate of inflation was only 0.2%, and since 2014 three of the largest syndics in Paris have raised their fees by amounts ranging from 26% to 37%.

Use in religious bodies
One special use of the term applies to the Franciscan order of priests and brothers. The Order of Friars Minor (OFM), as opposed to the Order of Friars Minor Conventual (OFM Conv.), is forbidden by its constitutions from owning property, as part of its commitment to communal poverty. Various arrangements therefore exist whereby churches and houses of the order are owned by the Holy See itself, or the local diocese or, sometimes, by a "syndic," an independent layman who is the actual owner of the land but who loans it to the friars.

Use in anarchist politics
Within Syndicalist and Anarcho-syndicalist organizations, a syndic is a member of an autonomous union, also called a Syndicate, which make up the basic organizational unit of society. As these models are organized along principles of non-hierarchy and direct democracy, the title syndic is applied to all in the syndicate and does not imply a position of power over any other member, unlike older usages of the title.

title: Syndic


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La7

La7 is an Italian free-to-air television channel owned by Cairo Communication. Until 2013 it was owned by Telecom Italia Media and operated by Telecom Italia.

Signal overspill means that parts of Albania, Croatia, Switzerland, Malta, Montenegro, Monaco and Slovenia also receive La7 broadcasts.

Telemontecarlo
Telemontecarlo (TMC) was the Italian language television channel from Monaco. Telemontecarlo was founded in 1974 in Monaco. During that time, the channel was one of the only two competitors of the Italian public television network RAI, broadcasting in colour (TV Koper-Capodistria launched in 1971). Since the introduction of Mediaset channels, TMC survived with some difficulties until 2001, but in 1999 the last owner, the film producer Vittorio Cecchi Gori, sold the network to SEAT Pagine Gialle.

The Monegasque network was, in the seventies and early eighties, the main alternative to the Rai television channels, being one of the international Italian-language television broadcasters receivable in the Italian peninsula.

Starting from the mid-eighties, Telemontecarlo increasingly became a niche channel, after the rise of the Fininvest channels, in particular Canale 5. In 1990 it obtained the concession to broadcast across the entire national territory from the Mammì law.

Télé Monte Carlo administration
Experimental transmissions were carried out at the beginning of 1973 and the official inauguration was held on August 5, 1974, one month after the ruling of the Italian Constitutional Court of July 10, 1974, number 225, which sanctioned the legitimacy of foreign relay systems. The first show transmitted by Telemontecarlo was Un peu d'amour, d'amitié et beaucoup de musique ("A Little Bit of Love, Friendship and a Lot of Music"), hosted by Jocelyn Hattab, who couldn't speak proper Italian at the time, and his wife Sophie.

In its first year, Télé Monte Carlo began broadcasting its programs in color, standing out among Italian viewers' television options, as Rai channels did not yet have this technology until 1977. In addition to operating outside Italian borders (but with many repeaters in Italian territory, covering a large part of the Italian peninsula), the broadcaster also broadcast its programs in Italy on a national scale, thus becoming (along with the other two foreign networks of Italy, TV Koper-Capodistria and TSI) one of the first alternatives to Rai channels for the Italian public. As a Monegasque TV, Telé Monte Carlo could broadcast live on a national network, unlike private Italian networks, for which this was not possible until 1991, as it was an exclusive right of the public television service. Like Rai, Telé Monte Carlo was also a member of Eurovision.

The network had among its first collaborators the sports journalist Gianni Brera, director of the network's first sports program, Puntosport, and also Mike Bongiorno, although not in a completely official way. Indro Montanelli also worked at the network, creating in 1976 the network's news program Il Giornale Nuovo, produced by the Milanese newspaper of the same name, which he himself founded. The program lasted ten minutes, being divided into two parts: in the first (Notiziario), the announcer Antonio Devia read the most important news of the day, written by Il Giornale. In the second (Editoriale), Indro Montanelli (or one of the Milanese newspaper's main columnists, such as Enzo Bettiza, Mario Cervi or Cesare Zappulli) presented his opinion on the day's event. The commentary was recorded late in the morning in Milan and then transported to Monaco by car. From August 29, 1977, the newscast was divided into two nightly editions. From January 17 to August 28, 1977, the news program was preceded by the nightly journalistic study program presented by Luisella Berrino, entitled Montecarlo sera. Furthermore, from 1980 to 1982, a short news program lasting about a quarter of an hour, Monte-Carlo news, was broadcast.

From 1976 to 1980, engineer Henri de France participated in the creation and operation of the Télé Monte Carlo repeater network in Italy. From 1978 to 1980, the network had TV presenter and author Paolo Limiti as programming director, responsible for creating several programs, including the cooking show Telemenù, hosted by Wilma De Angelis. The program was later renamed Sale, pepe e fantasia (Salt, Pepper and Fantasy). In 1979, Sandra Mondaini also joined the Monegasque channel with the variety program Stasera mi sento milionaria, in prime time. In 1980, TV presenter Ettore Andenna became programming director, remaining in the position for a year. That year, some of its programs (produced in the Antenna 3 Lombardia studios, in Milan) started to be broadcast on the Monegasque network, such as the morning show Telemattina and the quiz Scusi, le faccio un assegno?, shown in the early evening. Also in 1980, Gianfranco Funari debuted his own program, the nightly talk show Torti in faccia, recorded at the station's Milan branch.

In 1981, rumors arose of the intention of the French-Monegasque ownership of the Italian-language branch of Télé Monte Carlo to be put up for sale. This was confirmed in 1983, with the adoption of a new logo at the branch, in order to distinguish it from its French-speaking sister, after years of using a unified brand. In the station's logo, the spelling used was French, so the word Tele was written Télé, a script that, however, was never used by the Italian press. Also in the early years, when the initials of Eurovision existed, the name that appeared was Radio Télé Monte Carlo or Radio Télévision de Monte Carlo, also known in Italian as Radio Televisione de Monte Carlo. With this, the network came to be called Tele Monte-Carlo.

On March 18, 1982, RAI acquired half of the network's share package, out of fear that Canale 5 would control the satellite available to Tele Monte-Carlo. This act soon caused misunderstandings that resulted in the Il Giornale editorial team leaving the network and the cancellation of Monte-Carlo news. There were, therefore, only two short news programs (Notizie Flash), reduced to just one in 1985. During this period, the network repeated some old Rai programs, such as Lascia o raddoppia?, Studio Uno and Discoring.

From the mid-eighties onwards, Tele Monte-Carlo, which until then had a good audience in Italy, gradually began to disappear from the television scene, due to the growth of large national private networks, mainly the Fininvest Group.

Globo administration
On August 4, 1985, 90% of the network was purchased by Organizações Globo, to which Rede Globo belongs. The remaining 10% remained owned by Rai. The direction of the channel was entrusted to Herbert Fiuza, who delegated the management of internal productions to Carlo Briani. From then on, the network's name began to be spelled Telemontecarlo, and the logo became the same as that used by the Brazilian network from 1981 to 1983.

With the arrival of Rede Globo, there was also the inauguration of TMC's new TV production center in Rome, at Piazza della Balduina, 48. Opened in 1986, it became Telemontecarlo's main studio (while the Monte Carlo and Milan branches had their functions increasingly reduced) and remained in operation until 1998. As a result of the purchase, several Brazilian programs were shown in an Italian version, such as the telenovelas Gabriela, Dancin' Days, Água Viva, Louco Amor, Pão Pão, Beijo-Beijo, Final Feliz, Selva de Pedra, Sinhá Moça, Cambalacho, Guerra dos Sexos, Terras dos Sem-Fim and Roda de Fogo.

In addition to telenovelas, the network also aired miniseries and Brazilian TV series, such as Rabo de Saia, A Máfia no Brasil, Lampião e Maria Bonita, Anarquistas, Graças a Deus and Armação Ilimitada. At that time, some American TV shows for children were also shown, such as Get Smart, Batman, I misteri di Nancy Drew and Secrets and Mysteries. TMC also had in its programming the children's program Il paese della cuccagna, with studio jokes, games and anime, presented by Marina Perzy and Paolo Limiti and produced in Brazil. With regard to its own productions, Telemontecarlo had the talk show Specchio della vita, the TV Donna program, presented by Carla Urban, in addition to the consolidated cooking program Sale, pepe e fantasia.

The network's journalism also went through many changes at this stage, and in February 1986, under the direction of Ricardo Pereira, in partnership with Roberto Quintini, the TMC News television news program began to be produced. It was the first in Italy to be presented in a duo (alternating between a male journalist and a female journalist) and with camera movement, an innovation in Italian television journalism at the time. Some Brazilian journalists also worked on the network's team, such as José Altafini.

At that time, Telemontecarlo broadcast celebrations and events related to the Rio Carnival, and in the sports field, football matches for the Brazilian Championship and the Brazilian National Team were broadcast, in addition to Formula 1 races. The graphic part of the network had also been changed with the arrival of Rede Globo, adopting soundtracks and station bumpers from the Brazilian network. Most of the graphics were adapted in Rome by graphic designers such as Fiammetta Grasselli (who at the time was art director and responsible for the network's graphics sector), while most of the tracks were composed or rearranged by Silvio Amato.

In October 1987, Telemontecarlo's programming was removed from the air on its affiliates Canale 7 Roma and Canale 21 Roma, due to a legal challenge to the network's right to carry out live broadcasts in Italian territory made by the Fininvest group, of Silvio Berlusconi, who alleged that the Monegasque network had undue privileges. The determination was that the network should stop broadcasting live in Rome and the Lazio region.

The following were the affiliates TMC had before the passage of the Mammì law in 1990 that caused TMC to become a national network:

In 1990, due to the network's low audience and debts, Globo began to withdraw its shares from Telemontecarlo, transferring 40% of the channel's ownership to Montedison, led at the time by Raul Gardini.

Several celebrities, displaced by the main networks, were hired by Telemontecarlo, such as Luciano Rispoli, with the program Ho fatto 13!!! and Mino Damato, who from 1991 to 1992, presented the talk show I.T. - Incontri Televisivi, and Loretta Goggi, who at the same time presented the evening variety program Festa di compleanno.

Names that would become popular a few years later were also launched, such as Alessia Marcuzzi (host, together with Mauro Serio, of the children's program Amici mostri, from 1992 to 1993), Paola Perego, host of the program Settimo squillo, accompanied by actor Remo Girone. Perego also presented the health program Quando c'è la salute. Also during this period, newcomer Simona Ventura worked at the channel as a sports journalist. Still in 1992, Telemontecarlo covered part of the 1992 Summer Olympics, held in Barcelona.

From 1992 to 1993, the schedule was also filled with new programs such as La più bella sei tu and Tappeto Volante, with Luciano Rispoli (accompanied by Melba Ruffo), Verde Fazzuoli, by Federico Fazzuoli, and began a series of experimental programs targeting young people, produced by Lorenzo Torraca, such as T.R.I.B.U., with Gegè Telesforo, and The Lion Trophy Show, with Emily De Cesare.

The network's strong point, however, was sports broadcasts. Football (TMC could broadcast, as it was Monegasque and a member of Eurovision, the matches of the European Championship and World Cups, thus avoiding the exclusivity of Rai channels), the yacht races for the Copa América, and alpine skiing, whose World Cup and World Championship races were broadcast with commentary by Bruno Gattai. The biggest highlight of sports programming was Galagoal, a program that debuted in 1990 and had Alba Parietti and Massimo Caputi as presenters. Alba also presented, on Telemontecarlo, the variety program Tre donne intorno al coro, together with Athina Cenci and Susanna Agnelli, and the talk show Corpo a corpo.

In 1992, Telemontecarlo was one of the first private broadcasters in Italy to activate its own teletext service, TMCVideo.

In 1993, Sandro Curzi, former director of TG3 on Rai 3, was appointed director of TMC News.

Montedison administration
On January 4, 1994, Montedison (which was already controlled by Antonio Ferruzzi) completed the acquisition of Telemontecarlo, and appointed Emmanuele Milano (former director of Rai 1) to the role of general manager of the network. In the same year, journalist Corrado Augias was hired from Rai, who created a daily news section after TMC News and then an electronic culture and current affairs newsmagazine in prime time entitled Domino.

The network's limited coverage, combined with not very competitive and much reformulated programming, as well as an advertising market mostly controlled by Fininvest Group networks (Canale 5, Italia 1 and Rete 4) were the main problems of Montedison's management at Telemontecarlo, which did not achieve good results.

Globo's identity was used until January 1995.

Cecchi Gori administration
On July 20, 1995, filmmaker and businessman Vittorio Cecchi Gori, through his company Cecchi Gori Group, after obtaining the consent of the authorities of the Principality of Monaco, purchased Telemontecarlo aiming to create, through Videomusic, another network owned by him, TMC 2, thus creating a third television group focused on breaking the duopoly of the Rai and Mediaset groups (Canale 5, Italia 1 and Rete 4). The new network was officially launched on June 1, 1996.

From April 28, 1996, Telemontecarlo's ratings began to be measured by Auditel.

Some well-known faces, such as Marco Balestri (with the sentimental talk show Strettamente personale), Jocelyn Hattab, who together with Sabrina Salerno and Simona Tagli presented the game show Il grande gioco del mercante in fiera, a new version of Il grande gioco dell'oca, another program presented by Jocelyn on Rai 2, Toto Cutugno (with the musical program Sei Forte), Gianfranco D'Angelo and Cinzia Leone, together with a team of comedians (with the program Retromarsh!!!, based on Italia 1's Drive In), Luciano Rispoli (with the variety program Tappeto Volante, one of the network's few major successes), and the youth program Generazione X, presented by Pierluigi Diaco. An afternoon track dedicated to children was also created entitled Zap Zap (presented by Guido Cavalleri and Marta Iacopini, who previously presented Ciao Ciao), broadcast every day at 6 pm, which basically returned to showing various anime series previously broadcast on other networks. Still for children, the network also acquired the right to broadcast some of Cartoon Network's cartoons, which were included in a morning slot with the same name, presented by Emanuela Panatta and Beppe Rispoli.≤

However, the network's average audience did not reach (except in some cases) the expected levels, not even managing to consolidate the channel as the third largest on Italian TV. Furthermore, the problem of few retransmitters and the resulting limited territorial coverage of Telemontecarlo remained.

From 1996 to 1997, the network won the rights to the Italian Serie A football championship, taking them from Rai, but did not give Lega Calcio bank guarantees in time to guarantee payment of the rights. After a series of complaints and agreements, the broadcaster was able to broadcast, thanks to the unbundling of broadcasting rights on terrestrial TV, the championship goals from 7pm to 8:30pm. In football, however, an international trophy was broadcast: the African Cup of Nations.

The highlights of the sports programming of the period were Il Processo di Biscardi on Monday nights, migrated from TMC 2 to the main network, and Goleada (updated version of Galagol) with Massimo Caputi (also previously broadcast on TMC 2), in the first edition accompanied by Martina Colombari, in the second by Ela Weber and in the third by footballer and coach Carolina Morace.

On February 12, 1997, Telemontecarlo was the first private television network to broadcast an exclusive football match for the Italian team valid for the World Cup qualifiers, England x Italy. In the autumn of 1997, Wilma De Angelis returned to the network, presenting a morning program entitled Due come voi, presented in a duo with Benedicta Boccoli.

On April 7, 1997, Antonio Lubrano agreed to be transferred to the network, becoming director of journalism at TMC and presenter of the daily program Candido. Biagio Agnes was appointed director of the channel, and despite putting the medical program Check up back on the schedule, renamed Check up-salute and presented by Annalisa Manduca, he was unable to revive TMC's uncompetitive programming. The network was entrusted to Rita Rusić, wife of the then owner Vittorio Cecchi Gori and a well-known film producer.

In autumn 1998, the programming was renewed again with the aim of directly reaching an audience profile. Thanks to this latest change in the editorial line, Telemontecarlo hired former Rai announcer Ilaria Moscato (for the morning program Casa, amore e fantasia) and makeup artist Diego Dalla Palma (for the program Questione di stile). Alain Elkann was promoted to host of the Sunday talk show, Il caffè della domenica. Rita Forte also became the presenter of the program Forte fortissima.

On March 10, 2000, at 11:10 pm, the first episode of the series Sex and the City with Sarah Jessica Parker aired, part of a women's talk show entitled Sesso, parlano le donne, presented by Anna Pettinelli.

In the same year, the Telemontecarlo branch in Monte Carlo was closed, as a result of the broadcaster's intention to transmit its signal from Italy. This resulted in the dismissal of all employees working in that branch. As a result, a protest was held, which caused TMC to go off the air on May 30, 2000 from 8:05 pm to 8:33 pm, displaying a slide that explained the reason for the interruption of transmissions: "“As part of the closure of the TMC branch in the Principality of Monaco, Cecchi Gori Group uses unacceptable means to dismiss all employees... It's unacceptable that the TMC 'Monegasque network' can be broadcast outside of Monaco and that its transmission is carried out directly from Italy.”"

Until the summer of that year, Telemontecarlo transmitted its signal directly from the offices in Milan and Rome, and sent it to the transmitter in the Monaco office, from where it then reached the Principality, southern France and Italy. This system served to maintain the legal status of foreign television, operating as a Monegasque channel. After that, the network was broadcast directly from Rome (nothing was produced in the Milan office) and began to change the name Telemontecarlo, starting to use the acronym TMC, officially becoming an Italian broadcaster.

The Monaco office remained open for a few more months due to the fact that the network broadcast the European Football Championship in Belgium and the Netherlands in 2000.

Seat Pagine Gialle administration and conversion to La7
On August 6, 2000, Cecchi Gori, a month and a half of long negotiations after the emergence of financial difficulties, sold TMC and TMC 2 to Seat Pagine Gialle, from Telecom Italia. The new owner decided that, in order to relaunch the network once and for all, it was necessary to adopt an entirely new form and name, in order to make it capable of competing with the main national channels of the time. The new company intended to target, as it had stated from the beginning, a young target for the relaunch of the network, and so Roberto Giovalli, former director of Italia 1, was appointed director.

At a press conference held on May 3, 2001, in the presence of director Ernesto Mauri and network manager Roberto Giovalli, it was officially announced that TMC would become LA7, and that the new network would be launched on June 24.

A series of hires soon began for the new broadcaster, and the most important was that of Gad Lerner, former director of Rai 1's TG1, who on June 6 was appointed new director of TMC News. He was also entrusted with managing the sports newsroom at TMC Sport, and journalism at TMC 2, the latter role assumed on June 18. Much was invested in the advertising campaign with TV promos on both networks, as well as billboards in the streets. Also in the previous two months, every five minutes the TMC logo rotated for a few seconds, showing the LA7 logo, then returning to the TMC logo.

On June 24 of that year, during the gala program Prima serata, presented by Fabio Fazio and Luciana Littizzetto,[2] LA7 was officially launched through a symbolic gesture carried out at 10:35 pm, when the presenters made a live link at a viewer's home, asking her to press the 7 button on her remote control to stop the rotation of the logo, which began to rotate on the screen as the program began. From that moment on, TMC was officially extinguished and became LA7. However, the TMC logo was placed side by side with the new brand in the upper right corner of the screen, to gradually accustom the public to the new network's identification. The TMC logo remained up until midnight on September 9 of the same year.

Part of the Telemontecarlo collection became the property of LA7. The material corresponding to the 1974 to 1985 phase of TMC is still owned by Groupe TF1 (the company that owns the French TMC), and consequently, LA7 only has ownership of material produced from 1985 onwards.

La7
In 2001, Lorenzo Pellicioli and Roberto Colaninno of Telecom Italia announced they had acquired Telemontecarlo, to create a strong competitor against the six other national channels in Italy. On 24 June 2001, the network changed the station name to La7.

Against the initial premises, like the hiring of popular TV hosts, anchors and journalists, La7's ratings and shares were much lower than its major competitors. However, in 2010–2011, the channel began doubling its rates, also thanks to current News director Enrico Mentana and his news programme TG La7.

On 4 March 2013, it was announced the acquisition by Urbano Cairo's Cairo Editore. The sale was effective from 30 April 2013.

Shows

 * G'Day with Geppi Cucciari, evening comedy show, airing at 19:20 every weekday;
 * (ah)iPiroso with Antonello Piroso, former La7 News & Sports director, and former tennis player Adriano Panatta, and writer Fulvio Abbate; It airs every weekday (late night show);
 * 25a Ora – Il Cinema Espanso (hosted by Davide Dileo, founder of Subsonica); it airs at about midnight on Fridays and Saturdays;
 * Italialand Nuove attrazioni, comedy show hosted by Maurizio Crozza, airing every Friday at 21:10;
 * I Menù di Benedetta, cooking show hosted by Benedetta Parodi, airing at 12:25 every weekday;
 * Interno Giorno, afternoon movie block, airing old Italian and US movies every weekday at 14:00;
 * La Valigia dei Sogni, weekend and summer late-night movie block; the movie is introduced by Simone Annichiarico; from July to August 2011 it will be airing on Monday nights at 21:10;
 * Ma anche no, an Italian entertainment television news programme hosted by Antonello Piroso, airing every Sunday at 14:05;
 * Chef per un Giorno, celebrity cooking talent show hosted by professional chefs Sergio Maria Teutonico, Maurizio Di Mario, Velia De Angelis and Alessio Pizzi, airing every weekend;

Talk shows

 * Le Invasioni Barbariche, with Daria Bignardi;
 * Coffee Break, daily morning talk show hosted by Tiziana Panella and Enrico Vaime; weather reports are narrated by meteorologist Paolo Sottocorona;
 * Propaganda Live every Friday night, created and hosted by Diego Bianchi and cartoonist Marco "Makkox" Dambrosio;

News programmes

 * TG La7, main news programme, directed by Enrico Mentana;
 * Omnibus, morning news block hosted by TG La7 anchorpersons Manuela Ferri, Edgardo Gulotta, Andrea Molino, Andrea Pancani and Alessandra Sardoni; weather forecasts are presented by meteorologist Paolo Sottocorona;
 * Gli Intoccabili, with Gianluigi Nuzzi every Wednesday at 23:10;
 * L'Infedele, Monday night review with Gad Lerner;
 * Otto e mezzo, access prime time information programme hosted by Lilli Gruber, airing every weekday at 20:35 after TG La7; in Summer time it is substituted by In Onda;
 * In Onda access prime time information programme hosted by journalists Luca Telese and Nicola Porro, airing every weekend at 20:35 after TG La7; in Summer time it substitutes Otto e mezzo every weekday;
 * Piazzapulita, prime time political talk show directed by Corrado Formigli, airing every Thursday at 21:10 after Otto e mezzo;
 * L'aria che tira, business programme hosted by Myrta Merlino;

Cultural programmes

 * Atlantide – Storie di uomini e di mondi, main documentary evening block airing every weekday, hosted by Natasha Lusenti (now by Greta Mauro);
 * Impero, hosted by Valerio Massimo Manfredi;
 * Due minuti Un libro, book-related programme hosted by Alain Elkann;
 * Prehistoric Park, documentary;
 * Missione Natura, summertime nature programme, hosted by biologist and ornithologist Vincenzo Venuto, with the external intervention of herpetologist Austin Stevens.

TV series and miniseries

 * A Touch of Frost
 * The Borgias
 * Charmed
 * Cold Squad
 * The Commish
 * Crossing Jordan
 * Dirt
 * The District
 * Due South
 * F/X: The Series
 * Grey's Anatomy
 * Hustle
 * In the Heat of the Night
 * The Kennedys
 * Leverage
 * The L Word
 * MacGyver
 * Matlock
 * Midsomer Murders
 * Mike Hammer
 * Murder Call
 * New Tricks
 * Relic Hunter
 * Remington Steele
 * Saving Hope
 * Sex and the City
 * Sliders
 * Star Trek: The Original Series
 * Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
 * Stargate SG-1
 * The Practice
 * This Is Wonderland
 * Touched by an Angel
 * Undercover Boss
 * Unforgettable

Sports events

 * America's Cup
 * Coppa Italia matches
 * Six Nations Championship
 * Superbike World Championship
 * Super Bowl
 * Supercopa de España
 * Superstars Series

Defunct Italian programmes

 * Crozza Italia (known as Italialand in 2011), comedy show hosted by Maurizio Crozza, airing four episodes in May 2011 at 21:10;
 * Cuochi e Fiamme, cooking talent show hosted by professional chef Simone Rugiati, with the collaboration of Fiammetta Fadda, Riccardo Rossi and Chiara Maci (as "judges"), airing every weekday (now on La7d);
 * Fratelli e Sorelle d'Italia, comedy and historical show hosted by Veronica Pivetti with collaboration of Carlo Lucarelli, Ascanio Celestini, Paolo Hendel, Virginia Raffaele and Lillo & Greg, airing every Friday night at 21:10;
 * La Gaia Scienza, scientific comedy show hosted by geologist Mario Tozzi and the comedian group Trio Medusa (1 season);
 * Victor Victoria, late night weekday show hosted by Victoria Cabello, Geppi Cucciari, singer Arisa and MelissaP (4 seasons);
 * Stargate – Linea di Confine, documentary series, replaced by Impero (9 seasons);
 * Exit, prime time talk hosted by Ilaria D'Amico (5 seasons);
 * Niente di Personale, with Antonello Piroso;
 * Tetris, prime time talk show hosted by Luca Telese (2 seasons);
 * I Fantastici 5, Italian version of Queer Eye for the Straight Guy (1 season);
 * Markette, late night weekday show hosted by Piero Chiambretti (2 seasons);
 * 100%, game show hosted by Gigio D'Ambrosio (1 season); it has been the only game show aired by La7 so far;
 * Altra Storia, history deepening programme (5 seasons);
 * Il Processo di Biscardi, sport review programme hosted by Aldo Biscardi (now moved on 7 Gold Channel);
 * Wife Swap (4 seasons, now on Fox Life and Cielo);
 * Il Contratto, hosted by Sabrina Nobile, aired until April 2011 every Wednesday at 21:10.

Cartoons and animes

 * Digimon
 * Dragon Ball
 * Dragon Ball Z
 * Dragon Ball GT
 * Pokémon

title: La7


text: Category:Operas by Harrison Birtwistle

title: Category:Operas by Harrison Birtwistle


text: User talk:69.239.114.85

title: User talk:69.239.114.85


text:
Ferranti-Packard

Ferranti-Packard Ltd. was the Canadian division of Ferranti's global manufacturing empire, formed by the 1958 merger of Ferranti Electric and Packard Electric. For several years in the post-war era, the company underwent a dramatic expansion and had several brushes with success in the computer market, but eventually shed various divisions and returned to being an electrical grid supplier once again. The company was purchased in 1998 by the Austrian company, VA TECH. On July 23, 2005 Siemens PTD purchased VA Tech's Transmission and Distribution Division (T&D) group for transformers and switchgear.

Early years
Packard Electric had first been set up in 1894 in order to supply transformers during the Niagara Falls hydroelectric developments. Ferranti Canada had first been set up in 1912, acting primarily as a sales and distribution arm for their British designed electrical products.

World War II
Prior to World War II, Canada's economy was primarily agricultural. While this allowed it to raise a fairly large army with relative ease, it also meant that it was unable to arm itself. C.D. Howe, Minister of Armaments, started an ambitious plan to heavily industrialize the country, turning it almost overnight into what is today a G8 nation.

Canada had entered World War II completely unprepared, and in the post-war era decided they would not allow this to happen again. However, as the art of war turned increasingly technical, it was clear that Canada did not have the wherewithal to support a full program of research on its own. In 1947, the Defense Research Board (DRB) was formed, and sent out a letter outlining their ideas for sharing research between the armed forces, industry and academia.

Vincent Ziani de Ferranti
The letter made its way to the desk of Vincent Ziani de Ferranti, the then-current CEO of the family-held British company. At the time, Ferranti in the UK was involved in a similar commercial/academic development project with Manchester University to build the Manchester Mark 1 computer, so it seemed that their Canadian division would naturally be able to do the same. In October 1948, he flew to Canada to meet with the DRB. He was disappointed to learn that the DRB did not have the financial resources to fund any sort of program, but Ferranti remained interested, even though it appeared the only way to work with the DRB would be for free.

Jim Belyea
Just such a project started soon after, when word of the Ferranti meeting reached Lt Jim Belyea, a researcher in the Royal Canadian Navy's electrical labs (Electrical Engineer-in-Chief's Directorate). He had been proposing a completely automated system for ships to pass around tactical data from radar and sonar, to help organize the defence of a convoy under attack by submarines. Belyea presented his ideas to Ferranti, who agreed to start development of the technologies needed. By 1950, they had successfully developed a PCM-based radio system for passing digital data between ships, and the DRB started to become very interested. Full-scale development of the system, known as DATAR, started in February 1951 and underwent trials in late 1953. However, the cost of developing a production version was well beyond what the Royal Canadian Navy was able to afford. They attempted to sell the system to the United States Navy, but they were uninterested and the Canadians were forced to end the project. The US Navy later decided that they needed just such a system, having a rather unhappy experience with their Naval Tactical Data System in 1958.

Experimental computer
During this period, some time in 1951, Ferranti Canada also considered commercializing the University of Toronto's experimental UTEC computer, which seemed considerably less complex than the Mark I being developed in England. This effort also ended when in 1952, the University purchased a surplus Mark I originally intended for the UK's nuclear weapons program which had suffered massive budget cuts with a change of government.

Electronic mail sorting
In 1956, the company received a contract from the Canadian Post Office to develop an electronic mail sorting system, which they delivered later that year. The system used a hard-wired transistorized computer that stored a table of postal codes on a magnetic drum. Operators were presented with envelopes and typed in the postal code, which their typewriter printed onto the envelope as a bar code in fluorescent ink. The sorting system would then read the bar code and automatically route it. The system was a complete success.

This system so impressed visitors from the US Post Office that they decided they needed one of their own. They also decided to develop their own system instead of simply buying the Ferranti one, delaying their entry into automated sorting until 1960. A Canada-wide expansion using Ferranti's existing system soon ended in the 1957 election, whose main issue was rampant Liberal spending, including Ferranti's "million dollar monster".

Cheque sorting
Oddly, the system was later adapted for cheque sorting by the Federal Reserve Bank in New York, who took delivery of an almost identical machine in 1958, based on reading MICR digits instead of bar codes. This MICR-based concept was originally developed by SRI International in 1952 for their similar ERMA project, but they did not manage to actually deliver their machine until 1959. There was some talk of developing the Ferranti system into a commercial line, but it became clear that as general purpose computers fell in price, a single mass-produced model would soon be able to outperform a custom-built design, even on cost. Honeywell started shopping around for just such a system at about this time.

ReserVec
Another brush with success came in 1959 with the ReserVec on-line reservation system developed for Trans-Canada Air Lines. This product suffered from stiff competition from IBM's SABRE system in the US, but there was nothing similar in the UK, whose own airlines were in the market for such a system. Apparently due largely to not-invented-here problems, Ferranti in the UK decided to develop an entirely new system to fill this need, instead of using the Canadian version.

Ferranti Orion computer
But by this time, Ferranti's UK computer divisions were themselves in turmoil. Their attempt to commercialize the Atlas design was dragging on, and meanwhile sales of their older Mercury were drying up. In order to address this, as well as move into a new market segment, they decided to launch a newer system aimed at the low-end of the market. The result was the Ferranti Orion, which used an entirely new circuitry system known as "Neuron". This proved to be somewhat of a disaster, and only 12 Orion I machines ever shipped (the first went to AB Turitz and Co., of Gothenburg, Sweden, in March 1963).

Orion II
Meanwhile, Ferranti-Packard decided they should set up production for the Atlas machine as well, but after successfully securing loans from the government they were astounded to learn that the UK division refused to allow them access to the design. Many of the company's engineers resigned in disgust, although some were later convinced to stay on. The UK division then asked several Canadian engineers to move to England in an attempt to re-engineer the Orion based on ReserVec's transistorized circuits. Known as Orion II, the project ran in parallel to the original Orion for some time. (Orion II was much more successful, both technically and commercially, than its predecessor. Nearly 40 machines were delivered by the end of 1964.)

Ferranti-Packard 6000
With the experience gained during Orion II the engineers returned to Toronto convinced that ReserVec's design sold into the Orion's marketplace would be a commercial success. Once again approaching the Federal Reserve Bank, they proposed to build a new machine to replace the earlier post-office-derived system. The Bank accepted the proposal, and work on what would become the Ferranti-Packard 6000 started in late 1961. This joint venture with Pitney-Bowes was one of five MICR trials at various FRB districts. The system was delivered in early 1963 and removed a year later.

In order to differentiate themselves from the numerous models in this performance range, the FP-6000 would directly support multitasking, then known as multiprogramming, as well as be highly modular. The prototype machine was completed in 1962, and was delivered to the FRB in early 1963. Further sales proved difficult however. One was purchased by the DRB's station in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, another by the Toronto Stock Exchange, one by Saskatchewan Power, and a final machine by a research facility in Dalkeith, bringing the total to five sales.

International Computers and Tabulators
Meanwhile, unknown to Ferranti-Packard, Ferranti in the UK had decided to cut their losses and exit the commercial computer business. In early 1963, they approached International Computers and Tabulators with the proposal to sell off their commercial division. Perhaps unsurprisingly, ICT found the proposal unattractive. When they learned of the FP-6000 their attitude changed, and they eventually agreed to the purchase under the stipulation that rights to the FP-6000 would be transferred from Canada. The FP-6000 then became the basis for ICT 1900 series machines, which eventually sold into the thousands.

After the ICT takeover, Ferranti-Packard proposed that they manufacture several models of the 1900-series, as well as serve as a gateway into the North American market. ICT, however, was interested in Europe only. Most of the FP-6000 engineers soon left the company, forming ESE Limited and Teklogix. The programmers founded I. P. Sharp Associates in December 1964.

Flip-disc display
One of the Canadian company's developments was the flip-disc display, which creates a large display out of a grid of small disks, painted black on one side and some bright color (typically yellow) on the other. A small magnet glued to the disk responded to a magnetic pulse from a coil which surrounded the disk. The direction of current through the coil determined the side to display. A display system was sold to the Montreal and Canadian stock exchanges in 1964. The UK headquarters gave the invention little note, but it became somewhat successful in spite of this, and HQ eventually used it as a way to try to sell off the Canadian division in the 1970s. In addition Air Canada commenced use at all its baggage claims, but also used for Flight information displays, starting with its new terminal at the Kennedy Terminal in New York. Today, these displays can commonly be found in outdoor use, notably on highway signage and in the automotive application of destination signs for public service vehicles. It was also installed at the Chicago Board of Trade, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, World Trade Center, United Airlines baggage handling system at DFW airport, as well as Michigan, Illinois, Pennsylvania Departments of Transportation and New York Port Authority as changeable message signs for traffic control. It was also used for many sporting events such as horse racing, track and field events, as well as Olympic events. It was also used as the game board display on Family Feud from 1976 to 1995.

Development of the Barcode
A later patented development was the first barcode scanner. Originally developed for Simpsons Sears catalog center in Toronto in 1968, the bar code was developed to minimize any increase in Customer picking ticket area. Sears Toronto was then printing 360,000/day. The system used two large pre-printed red bars which could carry normal text with the barcode printed between them. The scanner searched for the bars in green light where the red appears as black. The red bars allowed electronic re-orientation of the scanning system to set-off a white flash which temporarily burned the barcode image unto the photosurface of the scanner. This system was then combined with an electronic tilt tray controller, then produced by Speaker Motion Systems of Milwaukee. The system could read labels passing at 500 ft/minute, 360 degrees of horizontal rotation and +/- 25 degrees of vertical slope. Sears took the first system but it was later sold to most of the major catalogue centres including Sears-Roebuck US - 11 centers, J.C. Penneys - 3 centers, Montgomery Wards, Aldens etc. A single workstation version model, the Datatriever 1000, with integrated electronic US post-office certified attached weigh scales and a label printer, sold 400 units including controlling computers (DEC PDP-8) to Spiegels on one contract for 1.5 times FPs total annual income. A slightly later development used hand held scanners to read the same patented bar-codes. The volume of business was too big for FP to handle and the entire business was sold off to a new US company, Identicon, who eventually sold many more of these systems. All of the models were incorporated into the Simpson-Sears Montreal Fashion Center.

Purchase by VA Tech
With the electronics division empty, Ferranti-Packard was once again a major electrical vendor only. Over the years, many other specialty divisions were sold off or closed, and eventually all that was left was the original Packard transformer division. It was this that VA Tech purchased, and which later came to be part of Siemens.

Corporate Archives
The Archives of Ontario holds numerous Ferranti-Packard records that were transferred by Rolls-Royce in 1991, including textual records, photographs, technical drawings, audio reels, films and videocassettes. It also holds material donated in 2002 by Mr. Paul Coleman and in 2006 by Siemens Canada.

The St. Catharines Museum and Welland Canals Centre also holds a collection of material about Ferranti-Packard.

title: Ferranti-Packard


text: User talk:81.6.240.22

title: User talk:81.6.240.22


text:
List of members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)

In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Quorum of the Twelve, the Council of the Twelve Apostles, or simply the Twelve) is one of the governing bodies in the church hierarchy. The quorum was first organized in 1835 and designated as a body of "traveling councilors". The following are the current and previous members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the LDS Church.

List notes
This list only includes individuals who have served in the Quorum. This list is organized by current Quorum members, original Quorum members, then by date of appointment to the Quorum, and then by last name. Members of the First Presidency, which include the President of the Church and his counselors, are usually not part of the Quorum, and a calling to the First Presidency usually entails leaving the Quorum. Exceptions to this rule are noted. It is also possible to be ordained to the priesthood office of Apostle without automatic membership in the Quorum of the Twelve, or to serve in the First Presidency without having been ordained an Apostle. Such individuals who never became members of the Quorum do not appear in the last section of this page.

The begin and end dates represent when an individual first joined (typically corresponding to an ordination date) and last belonged to the Quorum. Strictly speaking, members of the First Presidency rejoin the Quorum temporarily when a Church President dies, and before a successor is named. For simplicity, this list does not consider these periods in determining the end date. On occasion, a quorum member has left the Quorum for a time and later rejoined it; this is noted where applicable.

Additional positions held appears with each member, including, Counselor in the First Presidency ("First Counselor," etc.), President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles ("Quorum President"), Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles ("Acting Quorum President"), President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ("Church President"), and Assistant to the Quorum of the Twelve. A Quorum President is not a member of the Quorum if he is serving in the First Presidency. In those circumstances, an Acting President is typically called, as noted.

Apostles who were never members of the Quorum of the Twelve
The following men were ordained to the priesthood office of apostle but were never members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Some, but not all, served in the First Presidency of the LDS Church.

J. Reuben Clark
In addition, J. Reuben Clark was only a member of the Quorum of the Twelve for one week in 1945 and six days in 1951, which were periods of time when the First Presidency was dissolved due to the death of the President of the Church.


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Belief–desire–intention software model

The belief–desire–intention software model (BDI) is a software model developed for programming intelligent agents. Superficially characterized by the implementation of an agent's beliefs, desires and intentions, it actually uses these concepts to solve a particular problem in agent programming. In essence, it provides a mechanism for separating the activity of selecting a plan (from a plan library or an external planner application) from the execution of currently active plans. Consequently, BDI agents are able to balance the time spent on deliberating about plans (choosing what to do) and executing those plans (doing it). A third activity, creating the plans in the first place (planning), is not within the scope of the model, and is left to the system designer and programmer.

Overview
In order to achieve this separation, the BDI software model implements the principal aspects of Michael Bratman's theory of human practical reasoning (also referred to as Belief-Desire-Intention, or BDI). That is to say, it implements the notions of belief, desire and (in particular) intention, in a manner inspired by Bratman.

For Bratman, desire and intention are both pro-attitudes (mental attitudes concerned with action). He identifies commitment as the distinguishing factor between desire and intention, noting that it leads to (1) temporal persistence in plans and (2) further plans being made on the basis of those to which it is already committed. The BDI software model partially addresses these issues. Temporal persistence, in the sense of explicit reference to time, is not explored. The hierarchical nature of plans is more easily implemented: a plan consists of a number of steps, some of which may invoke other plans. The hierarchical definition of plans itself implies a kind of temporal persistence, since the overarching plan remains in effect while subsidiary plans are being executed.

An important aspect of the BDI software model (in terms of its research relevance) is the existence of logical models through which it is possible to define and reason about BDI agents. Research in this area has led, for example, to the axiomatization of some BDI implementations, as well as to formal logical descriptions such as Anand Rao and Michael Georgeff's BDICTL. The latter combines a multiple-modal logic (with modalities representing beliefs, desires and intentions) with the temporal logic CTL*. More recently, Michael Wooldridge has extended BDICTL to define LORA (the Logic Of Rational Agents), by incorporating an action logic. In principle, LORA allows reasoning not only about individual agents, but also about communication and other interaction in a multi-agent system.

The BDI software model is closely associated with intelligent agents, but does not, of itself, ensure all the characteristics associated with such agents. For example, it allows agents to have private beliefs, but does not force them to be private. It also has nothing to say about agent communication. Ultimately, the BDI software model is an attempt to solve a problem that has more to do with plans and planning (the choice and execution thereof) than it has to do with the programming of intelligent agents. This approach has recently been proposed by Steven Umbrello and Roman Yampolskiy as a means of designing autonomous vehicles for human values.

BDI agents
A BDI agent is a particular type of bounded rational software agent, imbued with particular mental attitudes, viz: Beliefs, Desires and Intentions (BDI).

Architecture
This section defines the idealized architectural components of a BDI system.

 * Beliefs: Beliefs represent the informational state of the agent–its beliefs about the world (including itself and other agents). Beliefs can also include inference rules, allowing forward chaining to lead to new beliefs. Using the term belief rather than knowledge recognizes that what an agent believes may not necessarily be true (and in fact may change in the future).
 * Beliefset: Beliefs are stored in database (sometimes called a belief base or a belief set), although that is an implementation decision.
 * Desires: Desires represent the motivational state of the agent. They represent objectives or situations that the agent would like to accomplish or bring about. Examples of desires might be: find the best price, go to the party or become rich.
 * Goals: A goal is a desire that has been adopted for active pursuit by the agent. Usage of the term goals adds the further restriction that the set of active desires must be consistent. For example, one should not have concurrent goals to go to a party and to stay at home – even though they could both be desirable.
 * Intentions: Intentions represent the deliberative state of the agent – what the agent has chosen to do. Intentions are desires to which the agent has to some extent committed. In implemented systems, this means the agent has begun executing a plan.
 * Plans: Plans are sequences of actions (recipes or knowledge areas) that an agent can perform to achieve one or more of its intentions. Plans may include other plans: my plan to go for a drive may include a plan to find my car keys. This reflects that in Bratman's model, plans are initially only partially conceived, with details being filled in as they progress.
 * Events: These are triggers for reactive activity by the agent. An event may update beliefs, trigger plans or modify goals. Events may be generated externally and received by sensors or integrated systems. Additionally, events may be generated internally to trigger decoupled updates or plans of activity.

BDI was also extended with an obligations component, giving rise to the BOID agent architecture to incorporate obligations, norms and commitments of agents that act within a social environment.

BDI interpreter
This section defines an idealized BDI interpreter that provides the basis of SRI's PRS lineage of BDI systems:

 * 1) initialize-state
 * 2) repeat
 * 3) options: option-generator (event-queue)
 * 4) selected-options: deliberate(options)
 * 5) update-intentions(selected-options)
 * 6) execute
 * 7) get-new-external-events
 * 8) drop-unsuccessful-attitudes
 * 9) drop-impossible-attitudes
 * 10) end repeat

Limitations and criticisms
The BDI software model is one example of a reasoning architecture for a single rational agent, and one concern in a broader multi-agent system. This section bounds the scope of concerns for the BDI software model, highlighting known limitations of the architecture.

 * Learning: BDI agents lack any specific mechanisms within the architecture to learn from past behavior and adapt to new situations.
 * Three attitudes: Classical decision theorists and planning research questions the necessity of having all three attitudes, distributed AI research questions whether the three attitudes are sufficient.
 * Logics: The multi-modal logics that underlie BDI (that do not have complete axiomatizations and are not efficiently computable) have little relevance in practice.
 * Multiple agents: In addition to not explicitly supporting learning, the framework may not be appropriate to learning behavior. Further, the BDI model does not explicitly describe mechanisms for interaction with other agents and integration into a multi-agent system.
 * Explicit goals: Most BDI implementations do not have an explicit representation of goals.
 * Lookahead: The architecture does not have (by design) any lookahead deliberation or forward planning. This may not be desirable because adopted plans may use up limited resources, actions may not be reversible, task execution may take longer than forward planning, and actions may have undesirable side effects if unsuccessful.

'Pure' BDI

 * Procedural Reasoning System (PRS)
 * IRMA (not implemented but can be considered as PRS with non-reconsideration)
 * UM-PRS
 * OpenPRS
 * Distributed Multi-Agent Reasoning System (dMARS)
 * AgentSpeak(L) – see Jason below
 * AgentSpeak(RT)
 * Agent Real-Time System (ARTS) (ARTS)
 * JAM
 * JACK Intelligent Agents
 * JADEX (open source project)
 * JASON
 * GORITE
 * SPARK
 * 3APL
 * 2APL
 * GOAL agent programming language
 * CogniTAO (Think-As-One)
 * Living Systems Process Suite
 * PROFETA
 * Gwendolen (Part of the Model Checking Agent Programming Languages Framework )

Extensions and hybrid systems

 * JACK Teams
 * CogniTAO (Think-As-One)
 * Living Systems Process Suite
 * Brahms
 * JaCaMo

title: Belief–desire–intention software model


text: Category:Venezuelan scientists

title: Category:Venezuelan scientists


text:
File:TwoColours.gif

Summary
Fair use single cover used to illustrate single in question, Two Colours EP. Source

Fair Use Rationale for Two Colours EP
 This image, picture-fair-use.jpg, is being linked here; though the picture is subject to copyright I feel it is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * it is a low resolution copy of a CD album cover;
 * it does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD album in any way;
 * copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD;
 * the image on the cover is significant because it was the very first release by Feeder

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: File:TwoColours.gif


text:
Walter Clark (Canadian politician)

Walter Ernest Clark (July 17, 1890 – March 26, 1987) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1955 to 1958 as a Liberal-Progressive. He was 54 years old at the time of his election, and was a farmer and former municipal official in Baldur.

The son of John and Hanna Clark, he farmed and lived in the Rosehill district near Baldur, moving to the town in 1945 but continued to farm until the 1970s. In 1912, Clark married Teresa Caroline Porter. He was reeve of the Rural Municipality of Argyle for 18 years.

Clark was elected to the Manitoba legislature in a by-election called in the Mountain constituency after the resignation of high-profile cabinet minister Ivan Schultz. He defeated Progressive Conservative Marcel Boulic by 276 votes, and served for the next three years as a backbench supporter of Douglas Campbell's government. Many Liberal-Progressives were concerned with Clark's relatively narrow margin of victory, as Mountain had previously been considered one of the party's safest seats. Clark received support from the constituency's Anglo-Saxon majority and large Flemish population, while Boulic did well among French Canadians, who made up one third of the electorate.

The Liberal-Progressives were defeated in the 1958 provincial election, and Clark lost to Progressive Conservative Abram Harrison by 238 votes in the redistributed constituency of Rock Lake. He tried to return to the legislature in the 1959 provincial election, but lost to Harrison by an increased margin.

He died in Baldur in 1987.

title: Walter Clark (Canadian politician)


text: User talk:70.71.37.250

title: User talk:70.71.37.250


text:
Two Colours (EP)

Two Colours EP is Feeder's first release on The Echo Label. Released on a 7" and a CD in 1995 (see 1995 in music), it is one of the hardest Feeder records to find nowadays (the hardest is a 12" White Label vinyl of their hit single "Buck Rogers", limited to 11 copies), occasionally a copy will become available on eBay. The two songs were later re-recorded and re-released with both appearing as b-sides on the "Cement" single. "Chicken On A Bone" was also included on the re-release of "Swim".

The title came about because the band and label could only afford to print the release in two colours.

The EP was originally only available at Feeder's early gigs and only around 1500 copies were ever produced on CD, along with around 1000 on 7" single.

It is due to its rarity that the single often sells for prices over 40 pounds on auction sites, with the highest being over £100. As Feeder have got more popular, the value of the single had increased until 2008 when radio play interest declined and the price of the EP with it, but despite this the release is still valuable. In 1996 there were plans to release "Two Colours 2" featuring a Brian Serper remix of "Women in Towels", only for the project to be shelved then later cancelled.

Track listing

 * 1) "Chicken on a Bone" – 3:28
 * 2) "Pictures of Pain" - 3:40

title: Two Colours (EP)


text:
Straight Man

Straight Man (New York: Random House, 1997) is a novel by Richard Russo set at the fictional West Central Pennsylvania University in Railton, Pennsylvania. A campus novel, the book was inspired by Russo's experiences teaching at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Southern Connecticut State University, and Penn State Altoona.

Synopsis
Straight Man chronicles the mid-life crisis of William Henry Devereaux, Jr., the unlikely interim chairman of the English department at the fictional West Central Pennsylvania University in Railton, Pennsylvania. Notable moments include Devereaux hiding in the rafters as the faculty vote on his dismissal, and his threat to kill a goose in the campus pond each day until his department receives a budget. The novel discusses flirtations between faculty and students, satirizes academic scholarship and stardom, and portrays love and health in the season of grace.

Reception
The book was positively reviewed by Tom De Haven for The New York Times, who praised Russo's use of humor and dialogue. De Haven wrote: "The novel's greatest pleasures derive not from any blazing impatience to see what happens next, but from pitch-perfect dialogue, persuasive characterization and a rich progression of scenes, most of them crackling with an impudent, screwball energy"

Television series
A television series adaptation of the novel, entitled Lucky Hank, was developed at AMC and Tristar Television, with Aaron Zelman and Paul Lieberstein as showrunners and Bob Odenkirk as executive producer in addition to starring. In April 2022, a series order was released. It is scheduled for a second quarter 2023 premiere, with an eight-episode first season. In August 2022, it was reported that Mireille Enos joined the cast. In September 2022, Diedrich Bader, Sara Amini, Cedric Yarbrough and Suzanne Cryer joined the cast. In January 2023, the series was renamed Lucky Hank from the original title of Straight Man and also revealed to premiere on March 19, 2023. The series premiered on March 19, 2023, on AMC. In December 2023, the series was canceled after one season.

title: Straight Man


text: Category:Silver mines

title: Category:Silver mines


text: Category:Indoor arenas in Sweden

title: Category:Indoor arenas in Sweden


text:
Undoing Ruin

Undoing Ruin is the fourth full-length studio album by melodic death metal/metalcore band Darkest Hour, released on June 28, 2005.

It was the band's first album to enter the Billboard 200 albums chart, debuting at #138. "Convalescence" served as the album's single with a music video that was frequently shown on MTV2's Headbangers Ball.

Darkest Hour released an official DVD in 2017 titled 'Party Scars and Prison Bars Two and a Half: Live' as a bonus bundled with pre-orders of their ninth studio album Godless Prophets & the Migrant Flora of the band playing Undoing Ruin live in its entirety, which was filmed in 2015 to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the album's release. It was only limited to 1100 copies.

Personnel

 * John Henry – vocals, additional drums
 * Kris Norris – lead guitar, acoustic guitar
 * Mike Schleibaum – rhythm guitar
 * Paul Burnette – bass
 * Ryan Parrish – drums

title: Undoing Ruin


text:
User:KHM03/to do

 * Christian perfection (needs expansion) - - PRIORITY

 * Evangelical left

 * Justification (theology) (needs serious work)

 * Salvation

 * Sanctification (needs organization & expansion)

 * Catholic

 * Eucharistic_discipline

 * Original sin (Protestant section is a stub)

 * Prevenient grace (look over Flex's edits re:Methodism)

 * Prevenient Grace (needs move to Prevenient grace)

 * Reprobation (get some opposition views in there!)

 * Roman Catholic Church (criticism section) (but continue to monitor)

 * Total depravity (make it NPOV)

 * World Council of Churches

title: User:KHM03/to do


text: Category:Copper mines

title: Category:Copper mines


text: Category:Operas by John Adams (composer)


text:
Arrondissement of Cherbourg

The arrondissement of Cherbourg is an arrondissement of France in the Manche department in the Normandy region. It lies entirely on the Cotentin Peninsula and has 144 communes. Its population is 189,748 (2016), and its area is 1643.9 km2.

Composition
The communes of the arrondissement of Cherbourg, and their INSEE codes, are:

 * 1) Anneville-en-Saire (50013)
 * 2) Audouville-la-Hubert (50021)
 * 3) Aumeville-Lestre (50022)
 * 4) Azeville (50026)
 * 5) Barfleur (50030)
 * 6) Barneville-Carteret (50031)
 * 7) Baubigny (50033)
 * 8) Benoîtville (50045)
 * 9) Besneville (50049)
 * 10) Beuzeville-la-Bastille (50052)
 * 11) Biniville (50055)
 * 12) Blosville (50059)
 * 13) La Bonneville (50064)
 * 14) Boutteville (50070)
 * 15) Bretteville (50077)
 * 16) Breuville (50079)
 * 17) Bricquebec-en-Cotentin (50082)
 * 18) Bricquebosq (50083)
 * 19) Brillevast (50086)
 * 20) Brix (50087)
 * 21) Canteloup (50096)
 * 22) Canville-la-Rocque (50097)
 * 23) Carneville (50101)
 * 24) Catteville (50105)
 * 25) Cherbourg-en-Cotentin (50129)
 * 26) Clitourps (50135)
 * 27) Colomby (50138)
 * 28) Couville (50149)
 * 29) Crasville (50150)
 * 30) Crosville-sur-Douve (50156)
 * 31) Digosville (50162)
 * 32) Écausseville (50169)
 * 33) Émondeville (50172)
 * 34) Éroudeville (50175)
 * 35) L'Étang-Bertrand (50176)
 * 36) Étienville (50177)
 * 37) Fermanville (50178)
 * 38) Fierville-les-Mines (50183)
 * 39) Flamanville (50184)
 * 40) Flottemanville (50186)
 * 41) Fontenay-sur-Mer (50190)
 * 42) Fresville (50194)
 * 43) Gatteville-le-Phare (50196)
 * 44) Golleville (50207)
 * 45) Gonneville-le-Theil (50209)
 * 46) Grosville (50222)
 * 47) La Hague (50041)
 * 48) Le Ham (50227)
 * 49) Hardinvast (50230)
 * 50) Hautteville-Bocage (50233)
 * 51) La Haye-d'Ectot (50235)
 * 52) Héauville (50238)
 * 53) Helleville (50240)
 * 54) Hémevez (50241)
 * 55) Hiesville (50246)
 * 56) Huberville (50251)
 * 57) Joganville (50258)
 * 58) Lestre (50268)
 * 59) Liesville-sur-Douve (50269)
 * 60) Lieusaint (50270)
 * 61) Magneville (50285)
 * 62) Martinvast (50294)
 * 63) Maupertus-sur-Mer (50296)
 * 64) Le Mesnil (50299)
 * 65) Le Mesnil-au-Val (50305)
 * 66) Les Moitiers-d'Allonne (50332)
 * 67) Montaigu-la-Brisette (50335)
 * 68) Montebourg (50341)
 * 69) Montfarville (50342)
 * 70) Morville (50360)
 * 71) Négreville (50369)
 * 72) Néhou (50370)
 * 73) Neuville-au-Plain (50373)
 * 74) Neuville-en-Beaumont (50374)
 * 75) Nouainville (50382)
 * 76) Octeville-l'Avenel (50384)
 * 77) Orglandes (50387)
 * 78) Ozeville (50390)
 * 79) La Pernelle (50395)
 * 80) Picauville (50400)
 * 81) Pierreville (50401)
 * 82) Les Pieux (50402)
 * 83) Port-Bail-sur-Mer (50412)
 * 84) Quettehou (50417)
 * 85) Quinéville (50421)
 * 86) Rauville-la-Bigot (50425)
 * 87) Rauville-la-Place (50426)
 * 88) Reigneville-Bocage (50430)
 * 89) Réville (50433)
 * 90) Rocheville (50435)
 * 91) Le Rozel (50442)
 * 92) Saint-Christophe-du-Foc (50454)
 * 93) Saint-Cyr (50461)
 * 94) Sainte-Colombe (50457)
 * 95) Sainte-Geneviève (50469)
 * 96) Sainte-Marie-du-Mont (50509)
 * 97) Sainte-Mère-Église (50523)
 * 98) Saint-Floxel (50467)
 * 99) Saint-Georges-de-la-Rivière (50471)
 * 100) Saint-Germain-de-Tournebut (50478)
 * 101) Saint-Germain-de-Varreville (50479)
 * 102) Saint-Germain-le-Gaillard (50480)
 * 103) Saint-Jacques-de-Néhou (50486)
 * 104) Saint-Jean-de-la-Rivière (50490)
 * 105) Saint-Joseph (50498)
 * 106) Saint-Marcouf (50507)
 * 107) Saint-Martin-d'Audouville (50511)
 * 108) Saint-Martin-de-Varreville (50517)
 * 109) Saint-Martin-le-Gréard (50519)
 * 110) Saint-Maurice-en-Cotentin (50522)
 * 111) Saint-Pierre-d'Arthéglise (50536)
 * 112) Saint-Pierre-Église (50539)
 * 113) Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte (50551)
 * 114) Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue (50562)
 * 115) Saussemesnil (50567)
 * 116) Sébeville (50571)
 * 117) Sénoville (50572)
 * 118) Sideville (50575)
 * 119) Siouville-Hague (50576)
 * 120) Sortosville (50578)
 * 121) Sortosville-en-Beaumont (50577)
 * 122) Sottevast (50579)
 * 123) Sotteville (50580)
 * 124) Surtainville (50585)
 * 125) Taillepied (50587)
 * 126) Tamerville (50588)
 * 127) Teurthéville-Bocage (50593)
 * 128) Teurthéville-Hague (50594)
 * 129) Théville (50596)
 * 130) Tocqueville (50598)
 * 131) Tollevast (50599)
 * 132) Tréauville (50604)
 * 133) Turqueville (50609)
 * 134) Urville (50610)
 * 135) Valcanville (50613)
 * 136) Valognes (50615)
 * 137) Varouville (50618)
 * 138) Le Vast (50619)
 * 139) Vaudreville (50621)
 * 140) Le Vicel (50633)
 * 141) Vicq-sur-Mer (50142)
 * 142) Videcosville (50634)
 * 143) Virandeville (50643)
 * 144) Yvetot-Bocage (50648)

History
The arrondissement of Cherbourg was created in 1811. At the January 2017 reorganisation of the arrondissements of Manche, it gained two communes from the arrondissement of Coutances.

As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Cherbourg were, as of January 2015:

 * 1) Barneville-Carteret
 * 2) Beaumont-Hague
 * 3) Bricquebec
 * 4) Cherbourg-Octeville-Nord-Ouest
 * 5) Cherbourg-Octeville-Sud-Est
 * 6) Cherbourg-Octeville-Sud-Ouest
 * 7) Équeurdreville-Hainneville
 * 8) Montebourg
 * 9) Les Pieux
 * 10) Quettehou
 * 11) Sainte-Mère-Église
 * 12) Saint-Pierre-Église
 * 13) Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte
 * 14) Tourlaville
 * 15) Valognes

title: Arrondissement of Cherbourg