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André Boisclair

André Boisclair (born April 14, 1966) is a former Canadian politician and convicted sex offender in Quebec, Canada. He was the leader of the Parti Québécois, a social democratic and sovereigntist party in Quebec.

Between January 1996 and March 2003, Boisclair served as Citizenship and Immigration Minister and Social Solidarity Minister under former Premier of Quebec Lucien Bouchard and as Environment Minister under former Premier Bernard Landry. He won the Parti Québécois leadership election on November 15, 2005.

After the worst defeat of his Party since 1970 in the 2007 Quebec general election, Boisclair announced he was stepping down as leader of the PQ on May 8, 2007. François Gendron was named interim leader.

On June 19, 2022, Boisclair pled guilty to two counts of sexual assault in separate episodes involving two young men. On July 18, 2022, the Quebec Court accepted a joint sentence recommendation from the Crown prosecutor and defence counsel, and imposed a sentence of imprisonment for two years less a day.

Early life
Boisclair was born in Montreal, Quebec. He grew up in the affluent francophone Montreal neighbourhood of Outremont. While attending Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf, a private CEGEP, he became the president of the Federation of Quebec College Students (in French, FECQ). After graduation he attended Université de Montréal, but dropped out after two years.

Political scene 1989–2003
He joined the Parti Québécois in 1984, and in the 1989 general election he was elected to represent the Montreal-area riding of Gouin as a PQ candidate. At 23 years old, he became the youngest member ever elected to the Quebec National Assembly, a record he held until Simon-Pierre Diamond was elected in 2007. He also quickly garnered a reputation as a party animal in Quebec City's night-life scene.

He served as a cabinet minister from 1998 to 2003, under Parti Québécois (PQ) Premiers Lucien Bouchard and Bernard Landry, holding a variety of high-profile portfolios. During his time in office, Boisclair and his chief of staff, Luc Doray, became the center of a drug and embezzlement scandal. After a routine audit, officials discovered that Doray submitted over $30,000 in false expense reports and authorities later discovered that Doray had used the money to feed his cocaine habit.

Doray pleaded guilty to defrauding the government and during court testimony it was learned that Boisclair authorized some of the expenses. The ensuing investigation cleared Boisclair of any wrongdoing – he was never accused nor charged with any crime. However, in 2005, Boisclair admitted to personally using cocaine between 1996 and 2003 while serving as a member of the Quebec legislature.

Boisclair continued to serve as a Member of the National Assembly until he resigned in August 2004 to attend Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University. At the time of his resignation, Boisclair held the position of opposition parliamentary (house) leader. Boisclair completed the Master's in Public Administration program at Harvard Kennedy School, a program that does not require students to hold a previous university degree. While at Harvard, Boisclair attended lectures by Michael Ignatieff and kept a blog recording his experience.

Party leadership
After Bernard Landry resigned in June 2005, Boisclair entered the race to succeed Landry as the PQ's leader. Elected as the sixth leader of the Parti Québécois on November 15, 2005, Boisclair earned 53.8% of the party membership vote as compared to his closest rival, Pauline Marois, who garnered 30.6%. For the first time, the PQ allowed telephone voting, resulting in the participation of over 76% of the party membership. Polls taken at the time of his leadership victory in November 2005 suggested that Boisclair's Parti Québécois would win a landslide victory over the incumbent Liberal Party of Jean Charest.

Boisclair was the first openly gay politician in Canada to win the leadership of a party with legislative representation. (Previous openly gay Canadian political party leaders included Chris Lea of the Green Party of Canada and Allison Brewer of the New Brunswick New Democratic Party.)

After his election as party leader, Boisclair delivered a speech promising a sovereignty referendum within two years of a PQ victory in the next Quebec general election. During a joint press conference with Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe in Montreal on November 20, 2005, Boisclair decried Canada's Clarity Act as unacceptable. He stated that if elected Premier, he would ignore the ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada on referendum question clarity.

Upon taking the reins of the PQ, Boisclair's actions quickly created political controversy within his own party. After a questionable appearance in a comedy sketch featuring a homosexual depiction of Stephen Harper and George W. Bush, and an attempt to distance the PQ from its traditional union base, a push to oust Boisclair developed. Purportedly led by Boisclair's predecessor, Bernard Landry (which he denied), the plan failed and no real threat to Boisclair's leadership emerged. Pundits speculated that the proximity of the Quebec general election contributed to the putsch's failure.

On August 14, 2006, Boisclair was elected to the provincial legislative assembly in a by-election for the Montreal-area riding of Pointe-aux-Trembles. He was re-elected in the general election of March 26, 2007.

2007 election
In February 2007, Boisclair promised a dream team of high-profile candidates for the anticipated 2007 general election. Comparing his slate to the l'équipe du tonnerre (the thunder team) of former premier and Quiet revolution architect Jean Lesage, Boisclair announced that actor Pierre Curzi, former cabinet member Linda Goupil, TV journalist Bernard Drainville, academic Guy Lachapelle, union leader Marc Laviolette, and former Bloc Québécois MPs Richard Marceau and Yvan Loubier composed this team. On February 21, 2007, the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, Lise Thibault, dissolved parliament and called a general election for March 26, 2007.

Boisclair launched his campaign using the slogan "Reconstruisons notre Québec" (Let's rebuild our Quebec). At the beginning of the campaign, Boisclair's Parti Québécois stood five percentage points behind the Quebec Liberals.

Boisclair stated throughout his campaign that education would remain a key priority in the PQ's election strategy and that he would organize a new referendum on sovereignty as soon as possible. He also supported new measures targeting home ownership for young families.

During the election campaign, controversy arose when radio talk show host Louis Champagne made homophobic remarks while interviewing Parti Québécois candidate Alexandre Cloutier, asking him if the fact that his party was led by a gay man — and was running an openly gay candidate, Sylvain Gaudreault, in the neighbouring riding to Cloutier's — meant that voters would believe the Parti Québécois was "a club of fags". Days later, the radio station's corporate owner, the Corus Group, suspended Champagne.

Most observers ruled the 2007 leaders' debate a draw. Critics felt that Boisclair appeared the most aggressive, repeatedly asking the Action démocratique du Québec's (ADQ) Mario Dumont to state the financial model of his political platform.

Election night produced a major disappointment for the Parti Québécois. The party polled its smallest share of the popular vote since 1973 and the PQ came third in seat numbers in the National Assembly - losing Official Opposition status. The 2007 election left Quebec with its first minority government since 1878. Although Boisclair's future as the leader of Parti Québécois appeared uncertain, he claimed on the day after the election that he had no plans of stepping down (however, he resigned six weeks later).

Apart from the Champagne incident, the election campaign was not marked by any other open expressions of homophobia. However, at least one prominent political journalist in Quebec, The Gazette's Don Macpherson, has asserted that some other criticism of Boisclair — particularly a persistent notion among some voters that he was too cosmopolitan and "Montréalais" — may in fact have been code for lingering voter discomfort with the idea of electing an openly gay premier.

Resignation as PQ Leader
André Boisclair announced his resignation as Parti Québécois leader on May 8, 2007, the same day Quebec's National Assembly resumed sitting after the 2007 general election. The announcement came as a shock to many Parti Québécois caucus members, some of whom expressed "sadness" at the decision.

Boisclair's leadership was questioned immediately after the election and petitions for a motion of confidence within the party came far and wide from regional PQ presidents and major sovereigntist groups.

Boisclair's resignation followed a dispute with Gilles Duceppe, leader of the Bloc Québécois, the sovereigntist party on the federal scene. In an interview with Radio-Canada, Boisclair had confirmed rumours that Duceppe had been scheming for his post. Duceppe denied these rumours but many political observers still believed Boisclair had gone too far in this denunciation.

Boisclair remained the MNA for Pointe-aux-Trembles, but on October 15, 2007, he announced he was resigning from his seat and quitting politics on November 15, 2007. He also accused leader Bernard Landry of undermining his support as party head by referring to the PQ's loss of public support under Boisclair's leadership, and for hinting he wanted to return to the party's leadership himself.

Post-political life
Boisclair was hired by Questerre, a Calgary-based energy company, in 2011 as a consultant due to his sociopolitical knowledge of Quebec. In September 2012, Boisclair criticized the newly elected PQ government's position on the shale (more commonly known as fracking) industry in Quebec.

In November 2012, he was named as the new provincial delegate-general in New York City. During his time in this office, he was accused of organizing orgies and consuming drugs with young men inside the official residence of the delegation. An official complaint was made and he was sacked "at his request" on September 27, 2013.

In 2018, Boisclair pled guilty to drunk driving, refusing a sobriety test and to obstruction of justice. He was fined $2,000 and forbidden to drive for a year.

He was the President and CEO for the Urban development institute of Québec (UDI) - a non-profit organization focused on Quebec's commercial real estate industry from June 2016 until he resigned amidst allegations of sexual assaults.

Sexual assault convictions
On May 28, 2020, Boisclair was charged with two counts of sexual assault on an unidentified victim: one charge for committing a sexual assault while carrying, using or threatening to use a weapon, and one charge for being party to a sexual assault with another person. The events are alleged to have occurred in 2014. On June 20, 2022, Boisclair pleaded guilty to the charge of being party to a sexual assault, and to a charge of sexual assault in respect of another victim; the charge of armed sexual assault against the first victim was dropped. The Crown prosecutor and the defence counsel made a joint sentencing submission of two years less a day of imprisonment. On July 18, 2022, the Quebec Court accepted the recommendation and imposed a sentence of two years less a day.

On November 15, 2022, in Montreal, his application for early release was denied on his first parole hearing. In its decision, the province's parole board explained that Boisclair had shown an "arrogant attitude" towards correctional officers and had refused to participate in group therapy for sexual delinquency because of concerns that his words would be leaked to the media. Therefore, the parole board said that Boisclair had not rehabilitated himself and that he was still dangerous. "Considering all the elements in the file, the commission considers that the risk of recidivism that you present is currently unacceptable and that the process must continue within the security context of incarceration," the commission wrote in a summary made public.

On December 2, 2022, his request for parole was again denied.

On March 17, 2023, his parole was granted.

In June 2024, his first victim sued him for $270,000 for the psychological consequences sustained from the armed sexual assault.

Electoral record

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title: André Boisclair


text:
Nathaniel Peabody (Boston)

Nathaniel Peabody (March 30, 1774 – January 1, 1855) was an American physician and dentist from Boston and Salem, Massachusetts, having studied at Dartmouth College in the class of 1800. Peabody was described as an "experimentally minded doctor and dentist". He began his medical practice using "heroic" practices of large amounts of emetic and purgative medicines. For instance, a patient could become very sick or die from mercury poisoning of a purgative called calomel. Upon becoming familiar with the work of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, Peabody used botanical medicines in small doses to treat his patients, which reduced the side effects and potential death from the heroic practices.

Dentistry was a relatively new field when Peabody became a dentist. He wrote the book The Art of Preserving Teeth in 1824 and in the 1830s he used hypnosis as a pain management technique for teeth extractions.

He was father of three intellectual women: Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, Mary Tyler Peabody Mann, and Sophia Amelia Peabody Hawthorne.

Early life
Nathaniel Peabody was born in 1774 in Topsfield, Massachusetts, the second of eight children born to Mary Potter Peabody and Isaac Peabody, an illiterate tailor. He was descended from John Paybody of Plymouth of 1635, and in early Massachusetts records, the name of these ancestors was often spelled Pabodie. Nathaniel Peabody was a member of one of the prominent families known as the Boston Brahmins. Of his siblings, all but John remained in New Hampshire. Captain John Peabody was a sailor who lived between voyages with his family in Salem, Massachusetts.

From the age of nine, he grew up in New Boston, New Hampshire, where his father established a farm. Peabody helped clear the land and labored on the house, starting with the stonework for the cellar. Peabody planned to get an education so that he was not held down by a life as a poor farmer in New Hampshire like his father, and later siblings. It is unknown how he was schooled in his boyhood to be accepted by an academy and to pay tuition, but Peabody attended Atkinson Academy in Atkinson, New Hampshire operated by Rev. Stephen Peabody. At the school, he gained the reputation of being a man of good character and intelligence. Peabody attended Dartmouth College and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He graduated in 1800.

Andover and Billerica
Peabody met Elizabeth (Eliza) Palmer, the granddaughter of Joseph Palmer, a general during the American Revolutionary War, in early 1800 while he was still at Dartmouth. Eliza encouraged their relationship through letter-writing, sharing her poetry with him, mending his clothes, and giving him handmade gifts. A few residents of Andover, Massachusetts, founded a co-educational school, North Parish School, and Rev. Stephen Peabody hired Peabody to teach the boys and Eliza to teach the girls beginning January 1801. Eliza's health deteriorated due to the workload of preparing for and teaching classes and the strain from rumors about the two teachers. She went to the home of her aunt Elizabeth Palmer Cranch in Milton for a couple of months to recuperate and returned to the school in Andover in the summer of 1802.

Peabody and Eliza were married on November 2, 1802 in Andover. Eliza realized that her husband had a hard time adjusting to a life off of the farm and what she called his "constitutional timidity" meant that he had a hard time living up to the educational progress that he had made at the academy.

In their first year of marriage, Eliza took in her youngest brother George (14) and sister Catherine (11) and opened a boardinghouse for students. In April 1804, the couple moved to Billerica, where Peobody was an apprentice to Dr. Pemberton to become a physician. They lived on a farm, where Eliza opened a school. The Peabodys had their first daughter one month after the move.

Cambridge and Lynn
In 1806, the Peobody's moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, to further Peabody's medical career. He was an apprentice to Dr. John Jeffries, a well-educated physician and attended lectures at Harvard Medical School. Eliza gave birth to Mary and she taught a few children in their home. One year later, the family moved to Lynn, Massachusetts, where Peabody practiced medicine and Eliza was director of a girl's academy, which became difficult to do while also taking care of her daughters.

Salem
In May 1808, the Peabodys moved to Salem, Massachusetts, where wealthy families were potential clients for Peabody's medical practice and Eliza's school. Eliza had entry into society as a member of an intellectual family and granddaughter of General Joseph Palmer of the American Revolution. Salem was a port town with "sleek sailing ships", brick mansions, wealthy merchants, and the Salem Athenaeum library. Unfortunately, the Embargo Act of 1807 against France and England stopped most sailing voyages from Salem and reduced revenues for merchants.

The family lived predominantly in Salem from 1808 to 1840, with two years in Lancaster, Massachusetts from 1820 to 1822 and in Boston from 1828 to 1840. Peabody's brother Captain John Peabody, married in 1807 to Elizabeth Manning, lived in Salem. They spent time together, enjoying their growing families and supporting one another. John loaned Peabody money as he built his medical practice. When John was sailing for months at a time, Peabody looked in on his wife.

Eliza operated a school and boarding house for girls out of the family's row house along Union Street. She engaged young women who received an education and a place to live in exchange for their domestic work. In 1817 and 1818, Peabody sat on the Salem School Committee. In 1834, he managed the Salem Lyceum.

Medical practice
In 1811, Peabody became a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society. Although he had not attained a medical degree, he may have been accepted due to his training under Dr. John Jeffries and having five years experience in his medical practice. Peabody was the secretary for the Medical Society in 1817. In the 1820s, Peabody adopted homeopathic medical practices of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann of Germany. Rather than leaning on emetics and purgatives that were considered "heroic" practices, Peabody adopted the use sassafras, belladonna, henbane, horehound, aconite, and snake venom to treat patients. The medicines were administered in small doses so that patients did not have the ill effects and potential deaths from large doses of medicine used in heroic practice.

Dental practice
Peabody also worked in the relatively new practice of dentistry, experimenting with new dental practices. While the family lived in Boston, Peabody kept a dental office in Salem. Peabody published the book, The Art of Preserving Teeth, in 1824. In the 1830s, Peabody used hypnosis as a pain management technique for extractions. By 1837, Peabody had a dental practice and lived on Charter Street, near the Charter Street Burying Point (now in the Charter Street Historic District).

Boston
The family moved to Boston in 1840, living on West Street near Boston Common. Peabody practiced medicine and his children pursued their own careers in homeopathic drugs, book sales and publishing, and art.

Family life
The Peabodys were a two-income family. Peabody was an apothecary, doctor, and dentist. Eliza advocated for preschool child education and taught school. Eliza believed in the value of educated women, generally and as mothers. She said "the fate of our Country, is in some degree dependent, upon the education of its females."

They had three daughters, all intellectual women: Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, Mary Tyler Peabody Mann, and Sophia Amelia Peabody Hawthorne. They had three sons, Nathaniel, George Francis, and Wellington Peabody. George and Wellington died in their twenties. Wellington studied medicine in New Orleans when he contracted and died of yellow fever in September 1837. George contracted spinal tuberculosis and was bedridden for two years before he died in November 1839 at the Peabody house in Salem. Nathaniel sold homeopathic medicine to support his wife and children in the 1840s. Later, Nathaniel relied on his sister Elizabeth for his livelihood.

Sophia's husband, Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote "Rappaccini's Daughter", a short story in 1844. There are several theories about who Hawthorne modeled Rappaccinni, who poisoned his daughter, after. One theory is that Rappaccini was modeled after Peabody. Sophia suffered from teething as a baby and later from migraine headaches. She was said to have been treated by Peabody with his experimental regime of homeopathic medicine that was poisonous. One of the medicines he administered to her was calomel, a purgative containing mercury that could cause sickness or death. She was treated by other physicians in the 1820s with quinine, arsenic, and other medicines.

Death
Eliza died in January 1853. Peabody died on January 1, 1855, in Perth Amboy, New Jersey.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nathaniel Peabody (Boston)


text:
Diego Tardelli

Diego Tardelli Martins (born 10 May 1985), known as Diego Tardelli, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward. He was considered a dynamic player due to his speed on attack and individual skills. Tardelli is not his last name, but his second name: it was chosen by his father after his footballing idol, Italian World Cup winner Marco Tardelli.

Early career
Born in Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, São Paulo, Tardelli began his career at a company club in Curitiba called Partner Football. He was loaned to Santos in 2000, but was released after trying to steal chocolate milk from the club's cafeteria. He subsequently joined hometown side União Barbarense, where he impressed enough to move to São Paulo in 2003. At the latter club, Tardelli was initially known as Dinei, a former forward of Corinthians, as he also painted his hair of a blond color.

São Paulo
Tardelli made his first team debut for São Paulo on 9 July 2003, coming on as a second-half substitute for Rico in a 2–0 Série A away win over Coritiba. He scored his first goal four days later, netting his team's second in a 3–1 win at Fluminense.

Tardelli subsequently established himself as a regular starter but was separated from the squad in 2004 for 45 days after arriving late for a training session. He returned to the squad after manager Cuca was replaced by Émerson Leão, and started the 2005 season with ten goals in the first ten matches of the club. After Leão left for the Japanese football, Tardelli's form dropped and he was again separated from the squad in October 2005, after arriving drunk on a training session.

Loans to Betis, São Caetano and PSV
On 12 December 2005, Tardelli agreed to a loan move to La Liga side Real Betis for the remainder of the 2005–06 campaign. He made his debut abroad the following 11 January, starting in a 0–0 home draw against RC Celta de Vigo, for the season's Copa del Rey.

After 15 goalless appearances, Tardelli returned to Brazil and joined São Caetano on loan on 12 July 2006. On 30 August, however, he moved to Eredivisie club PSV in a season-long loan deal.

Tardelli also struggled to feature regularly at PSV, and returned to Tricolor in July 2007, where he appeared sparingly for the club and lifted the 2007 Série A.

Flamengo
On 15 January 2008, São Paulo announced the transfer of Tardelli to Flamengo, after the club paid US$ 1 million for his federative rights. After initial controversies with teammate Souza, he was often used as a substitute, but still scored the winning goals in the Taça Guanabara and Campeonato Carioca finals, both against Botafogo.

Tardelli was unable to establish himself as a first-choice, and was mainly a backup option to Souza and Obina. He also saw his playing time limited due to an arm injury in August which left him sidelined for three months.

Atlético Mineiro
Tardelli left Flamengo on 12 January 2009, and subsequently signed for fellow league team Atlético Mineiro. At Galo, he scored a career-best 39 goals in his first campaign, being the nation's top goalscorer overall; highlights included a hat-trick in a 6–0 Campeonato Mineiro home routing of Uberaba on 8 April.

Tardelli continued to score in a prolific manner the following seasons, and scored another hat-trick in a 6–0 thrashing of Ituiutaba on 28 March 2010. He played his 100th match for the club on 30 October 2010, in a match against Botafogo.

On 12 February 2011, Tardelli scored a hat-trick in a 4–3 away win against fierce rivals Cruzeiro, but was sent off late in the match.

Anzhi Makhachkala
On 8 March 2011, Tardelli completed a move to Russian side Anzhi Makhachkala following an in-depth medical examination at the Dagi's pre-season training base. The club reportedly paid €7.5 million for his services on a four-year deal. He started in only seven games during the whole campaign, and failed to find the net in his 13 appearances. He was also strongly linked with a move back to his homeland after struggling to adapt to life in Russia.

Al-Gharafa
On 10 January 2012, Tardelli announced that he had put pen to paper on a two-and-a-half-year deal with Qatari side Al-Gharafa. His transfer fee was reported at €7 million.

Tardelli made his debut on 20 January 2012, missing a penalty kick 30 minutes after coming on as a substitute in a 2–0 loss against Al Khor. On his second-ever AFC Champions League match, he scored a brace in order to salvage a draw against Al-Hilal FC on 21 March.

Return to Atlético Mineiro
On 18 January 2013, Tardelli rejoined Atlético Mineiro on loan until the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The value of the negotiation was undisclosed. On 27 January, Tardelli confirmed the negotiations were nearly over, only waiting for a new player to arrive at his current club and by 31 January, the negotiation is complete and he joined Atlético Mineiro. Finally, on 2 February 2013, Alexandre Kalil, president of Atlético, announced the return of Tardelli. The deal is around €5.25 million with a four-year contract.

Tardelli was a regular starter for Galo during his first season, helping the club to a first-ever Copa Libertadores title and being the second-best goalscorer in the campaign with 18 goals, only one behind Jô. He also lifted the Recopa Sudamericana and the Copa do Brasil with the side in the following year, scoring goals in both tournaments' finals.

Shandong Luneng
On 17 January 2015, Tardelli joined Chinese club Shandong Luneng. On 14 February 2015, he made his official debut in the 2015 Chinese FA Super Cup against Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao.

On 13 July 2015, Tardelli scored two goals in a match against Shijiazhuang Ever Bright. A regular starter, he impressed during the 2018 Chinese Super League after scoring 17 goals.

Grêmio
On 12 February 2019, Tardelli joined Brazilian club Grêmio on a three-year contract. On 16 January 2020, after being severely criticized by the club's supporters and president, he terminated his contract.

Second return to Atlético Mineiro
On 12 February 2020, Tardelli joined Atlético Mineiro for the third time on a free transfer. In July, he suffered an ankle injury which sidelined him for the remainder of the year; he returned to action in February 2021.

Tardelli left the club in May of the following year, as his contract was due to expire.

Santos
On 23 August 2021, Tardelli signed a contract with Santos until the end of the year, with an option to extend it for a further five months. On 10 December, after one goal in 13 appearances, he departed the club.

International career
Tardelli was called up by Brazilian coach Dunga on 28 July 2009 for a friendly match against Estonia in Tallinn on 12 August. This was his first ever call up to the Brazil national team. On 11 May 2010, he was called up to the 2010 FIFA World Cup squad as one of the seven backup players.

In October 2013, in a great shape playing for Atlético Mineiro, Tardelli said on being left out from manager Luiz Felipe Scolari international squad, "Now, again, football professionals have asked my calling up. I did not give up yet, I keep working, who knows about Brazilian team is Felipão [Scolari] or who is inside there can watch my phase." On 11 October 2014, in the 2014 Superclásico de las Américas in Beijing, he scored both goals of a 2–0 victory against Argentina.

On 28 May 2015, Tardelli was included in Brazil's 23-man squad for the 2015 Copa América by coach Dunga. On 15 October 2017, he was called by manager Tite to games against Bolivia and Chile.

International goals

 * Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first.

 * 1. || rowspan="2"| 11 October 2014 || rowspan="2"| Beijing National Stadium, Beijing, China || rowspan="2"| 🇦🇷 argentina || 1–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 2–0 || rowspan="2"| 2014 Superclássico das Américas ||rowspan="2"|
 * 2. || 2–0
 * 3. || 7 June 2015 || Allianz Parque, São Paulo, Brazil || 🇲🇽 mexico || 2–0 || 2–0 || Friendly ||
 * }
 * 3. || 7 June 2015 || Allianz Parque, São Paulo, Brazil || 🇲🇽 mexico || 2–0 || 2–0 || Friendly ||
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 * }

Club
São Paulo
 * Campeonato Paulista: 2005
 * Copa Libertadores: 2005
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2007

PSV
 * Eredivisie: 2006–07

Flamengo
 * Taça Guanabara: 2008
 * Campeonato Carioca: 2008

Atlético Mineiro
 * Campeonato Mineiro: 2010, 2013, 2020, 2021
 * Copa Libertadores: 2013
 * Recopa Sudamericana: 2014
 * Copa do Brasil: 2014

Al-Gharafa
 * Emir of Qatar Cup: 2012

Shandong Luneng
 * Chinese FA Super Cup: 2015

Grêmio
 * Campeonato Gaúcho: 2019

International
Brazil
 * Superclásico de las Américas: 2014

Individual

 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year: 2009, 2014
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A top goalscorer: 2009
 * Arthur Friedenreich Award: 2009

title: Diego Tardelli


text:
Brahmani River

The Brahmani is a major seasonal river in the Odisha state of eastern India. The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the Sankh and South Koel rivers, and flows through the districts of Sundargarh, Deogarh, Angul, Dhenkanal, Cuttack, Jajapur and Kendrapara. Also South Koel can be considered as upper reaches of Brahmani. Together with the river Baitarani, Brahmani forms a large delta before emptying into the Bay of Bengal at Dhamra. It is the second widest river in Odisha after Mahanadi.

Length and catchment
At about 480 km long, the Brahmani is the second longest river in Odisha after the Mahanadi. However, if its constituent rivers are included its length extends to about 799 km, of which 541 km are in Odisha. It has a catchment area of about 39033 km2 in Odisha alone.

Irrigation projects
Apart from the Rengali dam mentioned above, there also exists a barrage shortly before Talcher called Samal Barrage. The Jokadia and the Jenapur anicuts are the other irrigation projects on the river. Near its mouth, the river is also crossed by the Odisha Coast Canal that takes water from it.

title: Brahmani River


text:
1991 French Open

The 1991 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. The tournament was held from 27 May until 9 June. It was the 95th staging of the French Open, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1991.

Men's singles
🇺🇸 Jim Courier defeated 🇺🇸 Andre Agassi, 3–6, 6–4, 2–6, 6–1, 6–4
 * It was Courier's third title of the year, and his fourth overall. It was his first career Grand Slam title.

Women's singles
Monica Seles defeated 🇪🇸 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, 6–3, 6–4
 * It was Seles's 4th title of the year, and her 14th overall. It was her 3rd career Grand Slam title, and her 2nd French Open title.

Men's doubles
🇦🇺 John Fitzgerald / 🇸🇪 Anders Järryd defeated 🇺🇸 Rick Leach / 🇺🇸 Jim Pugh, 6–0, 7–6

Women's doubles
🇺🇸 Gigi Fernández / Jana Novotná defeated  Larisa Savchenko Neiland /  Natalia Zvereva, 6–4, 6–0

Mixed doubles
Helena Suková / Cyril Suk defeated  Caroline Vis /  Paul Haarhuis, 3–6, 6–4, 6–1

Boys' singles
🇺🇦 Andrei Medvedev defeated 🇸🇪 Thomas Enqvist, 6–4, 7–6

Girls' singles
🇮🇱 Anna Smashnova defeated 🇦🇷 Inés Gorrochategui, 2–6, 7–5, 6–1

Boys' doubles
🇸🇪 Thomas Enqvist / 🇸🇪 Magnus Martinelle defeated 🇦🇹 Julian Knowle / 🇦🇹 Johannes Unterberger, 6–1, 6–3

Girls' doubles
🇪🇸 Eva Bes / 🇦🇷 Inés Gorrochategui defeated Zdeňka Málková /  Eva Martincová, 6–1, 6–3

title: 1991 French Open


text:
Negotiable order of withdrawal account

In the United States, a negotiable order of withdrawal account (NOW account) is an interest-paying deposit account on which an unlimited number of checks may be written.

A negotiable order of withdrawal is essentially identical to a check drawn on a demand deposit account, but US banking regulations define the terms "demand deposit account" and "negotiable order of withdrawal account" separately. Until July 2011, Regulation Q stated that a demand deposit could not pay interest. NOW accounts were structured to comply with Regulation Q.

NOW accounts are considered checkable deposits, and are counted in the Federal Reserve Board's M1 definition of the money supply, as well as in the broader definitions. Like all other bank deposits, they are liabilities from the bank's perspective.

History
The Banking Act of 1933 specified that no member bank "shall, directly or indirectly, by any device whatsoever, pay any interest on any deposit which is payable on demand", and on August 29, 1933, this restriction was incorporated into the Federal Reserve Board's new Regulation Q. The reason for the prohibition was that in a period of bank turmoil in the early years of the Great Depression, interest payments on demand deposits, especially by large New York banks, were viewed as "excessive competition" in the banking sector and supposedly led to diminished profit margins and hence bank failures, the latter because of both the diminished profit margins themselves and the resultant excessive stock market speculation by the New York banks.

At first, the general level of interest rates was low, and since the ban on demand deposit interest prevented only what would have been small interest payments, there was no significant attempt at avoiding the ban. In the 1950s, however, interest rates increased and so banks began to feel greater incentive to get around the ban. Non-pecuniary avoidance efforts included increased offering of convenience features such as large numbers of branch offices and giveaways of consumer goods to new customers. Pecuniary avoidance of the ban, known as implicit interest, included preferred loan rates (often explicitly tied to the customer's demand deposit balances) and below-cost service charges for services such as check-clearing.

The NOW account was developed as a more explicit challenge to the ban on interest payments by Ronald Haselton, President and CEO of the Consumer Savings Bank in Worcester, Massachusetts, leading to Congress permitting NOW accounts in Massachusetts and New Hampshire starting in January 1974, and in all of New England starting in March 1976. At the outset, there was a binding 5% interest rate ceiling on NOW accounts: all New England institutions offering them paid the full allowable 5% rate.

With no obvious adverse effects of NOW accounts in New England, Congress allowed them nationwide at all depository institutions beginning December 31, 1980. On March 31, 1986, as part of a general deregulation of interest rates, the interest ceiling on NOW accounts was abolished, but interest was still prohibited on demand deposits. Finally, on July 21, 2011, the ban on demand deposit interest (the only substantive remaining component of Regulation Q) was eliminated, which removed the only distinction between the two types of accounts.

title: Negotiable order of withdrawal account


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Hurra Torpedo

Hurra Torpedo is a band from Norway that plays songs using kitchen appliances alongside more traditional instruments. They were formed in the early nineties, are part of the artistic collective Duplex Records, and all members of the band also play in a variety of other bands in Norway.

During recent years Hurra Torpedo have had annual split- and reunion tours. The band struck international fame when a television performance of the 1983 Bonnie Tyler power ballad "Total Eclipse of the Heart", using kitchen appliances for percussion, spread as an internet meme. The clip, from a Norwegian comedy-variety show called Lille lørdag ("Little Saturday") (aired on Wednesdays - "the Little Saturday" in the Scandinavian week), was filmed in 1995. In early 2005 the clip was uploaded to the internet.

In the clip, the band, dressed in ill-fitting jogging suits, play on a stage surrounded by various kitchen appliances, such as electric kitchen stoves and chest-freezers. Frontman Hegerberg plays guitar and sings in a deliberately off-key monotone and with a strong Norwegian accent, Schau drums by hitting a stove with a stick and slamming the door of a chest-freezer, while Guttormsgaard adds backing vocals, and at the climax smashes the top of an electrical stove with a cement press, more or less, to the beat of the song.

In October/November 2005 they became part of a viral ad campaign by going on a coast to coast tour in the U.S. that was paid for by Ford in order to promote the Ford Fusion car. As part of the ad campaign, a mockumentary movie called "The Crushing Blow" was being made, said to have been directed by the "character" Pip Simon who is played by the actress Tara Copeland while in reality it was directed by Joey Garfield.

By the end of November 2005 a clip from The Crushing Blow was viewed more than 500,000 times in a couple of days from the web site iFilm, and some of the clips spread around blog sites.

The band played several gigs in Norway the first half of 2006, and the Garorock festival in Marmande, France, with approximately 5000 in the audience.

Hurra Torpedo had two showcases at the 2006 South by Southwest festival, and in June they went on new US Tour, starting in Boston, ending in San Francisco three weeks later. Along this tour they played to an enthused audience at the Wakarusa Music and Camping Festival in Lawrence, Kansas. This tour has no connection with Ford.

In 2011, the band recorded the soundtrack for Christmas advertising campaign of Czech household appliance retailer Okay.

Members

 * Egil Hegerberg - bass guitar, guitar, vocals
 * Kristopher Schau - percussion, backing vocals
 * Aslag Guttormsgaard - percussion, guitar, vocals

Discography

 * To håndfaste burgere - cassette (Duplex Records 1992)
 * Stockholm - 7" vinyl (Duplex Records 1995)
 * Total Eclipse of the Heart - CD (Duplex Records 2005)
 * Kollossus of Makedonia - CD (Duplex Records 2006)
 * World Tour 2010 – Live at Rockefeller Music Hall - CD and DVD (Grappa 2010)
 * We're Not Dead (We Just Smell Bad) - Digital single (Duplex Records 2016)
 * We Fuck You with Music - Digital single (Duplex Records 2016)
 * Nehéz Kell Érteni - Digital single (Duplex Records 2016)

title: Hurra Torpedo


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Switch Bitch

Switch Bitch (1974) is a book of adult short stories by British writer Roald Dahl. Four stories, originally published in Playboy between 1965 and 1974, are collected. They are linked by themes of rape by deception: in each one, some major act of cunning, cruelty, or hedonism underpins the sexuality.

The book is notable for its introduction of the Uncle Oswald character, a wealthy hobbyist and gadabout who stars in both the first and last stories. (Although the first story seemingly presages his imminent decline and death.) He later appeared in Dahl's comic novel for adults, My Uncle Oswald. Oswald is a male fantasy figure described as "the greatest fornicator of all time", his adventures recounted by a nephew who inherits his diaries and decides to edit them for publication. Despite the stories in Switch Bitch being dark and cynical in tone, the Oswald tales are also humorous and satirical, resembling crude comic anecdotes.

"The Visitor"
Wealthy gadabout Oswald Hendryks Cornelius is stranded in Cairo when a Syrian businessman picks him up by the side of the road and offers him a room for the night in his desert mansion. While there Oswald meets the man's wife and daughter, both of whom are extremely beautiful. A midnight liaison occurs and Oswald wonders whom it was he spent the night with, when the businessman reveals to him new information that could be fatal.

"The Great Switcheroo"
Two middle-class suburban men at a neighbourhood party devise a ruse whereby each can sleep with the other's wife, without either wife realising the deception. They compare sexual techniques beforehand, and one receives a rude awakening the morning after.

"The Last Act"
After being widowed a woman reconnects with the man she left for her late husband years ago. The man is a gynaecologist, recently separated, and unbeknownst to the woman still harbours a grudge for her breaking off their relationship. He begins to seduce her, and a terrible revenge ensues.

"Bitch"
Oswald Cornelius becomes entangled with a Belgian olfactory expert who claims to have discovered an eighth smell-related nerve that, when stimulated, unlocks certain aspects of human sexual experience. The expert develops a perfume to stimulate the nerve, causing chaos when it is exposed during a high society dinner for an American women's movement that Oswald is attending.

Reception
The stories have been criticised for their cruel and misogynistic elements. The central conceit of "The Last Act", in particular, has been described by Jeremy Treglown, Dahl's biographer, as having "no purpose as a mechanism other than to lead to a crudely sensationalist conclusion", and by British novelist Zoe Heller as describing "in obscene detail the rape of a menopausal woman by a gynecologist." In the same article for The New Republic she commented generally on Dahl's later adult stories: "the sexual sadism is at its crudest and the 'wit' at its most vestigial...[they] are almost unbearable to read."

Despite this negative reception, the stories have also been praised. Alfred Hitchcock, for whose television programme Dahl's story "Man from the South" was adapted, was fond of "The Visitor" and in later life recounted its plot on American talk shows as a dark joke.

title: Switch Bitch


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River Suck

The River Suck (An tSuca ) is a river within the Shannon River Basin in Ireland, 133 km (82.5 mi) in length. It is the main tributary of the River Shannon. It meets the Shannon a kilometre south of the village of Shannonbridge.

Name
The river's name is derived from the Irish suca. The Placenames Branch of the government Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media observed that "the root word is wrapped in a web of uncertainty and lost in the mists of time". Edmund Hogan's Onomasticon Goedelicum (1910) records the spellings suġ (sugh), suggesting connections to Old Irish súg ("juice, sap").

Course
The River Suck drains an area of 1599 km2. It forms much of the border between County Roscommon and County Galway, flowing along the western side of County Roscommon. Together with the Shannon on the east, it creates the long narrow form of southern County Roscommon.

The river rises in hills on the border of County Mayo and County Roscommon, and passes from Lough O'Flynn in a general south and south-easterly direction. Settlements along the river include Athleague, Ballinasloe, Ballyforan, Ballymoe, Castlerea, Glinsk, and Tulrush, and it flows into the River Shannon a kilometre south of the village of Shannonbridge.

Geography
The water is clean and unpolluted and the river flows through unspoilt countryside with moorland, water meadows and pastureland. Some stretches are fast-flowing while others are slow and meandering. There are abundant bream, rudd and tench in some parts, and perch and pike are also plentiful. To prevent flooding at Ballinasloe, a weir was erected in 1885 immediately above the four-arch bridge, with draw-doors which can be raised when there is an approaching flood.

Suck Valley Way
The Suck Valley Way is a long-distance trail. It is a 105 km long circular route that begins and ends in Castlerea, County Roscommon. It is designated as a National Waymarked Trail by the National Trails Office of the Irish Sports Council and is managed by Roscommon County Council, Roscommon Integrated Development Company and the Suck Valley Committee.

title: River Suck


text:
User talk:64.86.18.3

"Rahim Yar Khan/archive" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Rahim Yar Khan/archive and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 December 1 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. -- Tamzin  [ cetacean needed ] (she|they|xe) 06:15, 1 December 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:64.86.18.3


text: File:Skyclad Ouiavantgarde.jpg

title: File:Skyclad Ouiavantgarde.jpg


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Osnabrück University

Osnabrück University (Universität Osnabrück) is a public research university located in the city of Osnabrück in Lower Saxony, Germany.

In 2011 it was attended by 11,034 students; the staff of 1,858 consisted of 209 professors, 936 additional academic personnel (lecturers without professorships, post-doctoral researchers and post-graduate assistants) and 713 non-academic personnel. The university is known for its many interdisciplinary degree programmes, some of them rare or even unique among German universities, including European Studies, Migration Research, Applied Systems Science and Cognitive Science. Notably, the university is well known for its research in Artificial Intelligence, Computational Linguistics, Cognitive Science, Peace and Conflict Studies, Democratic Governance, European Studies , and Migration studies among many other subjects.

In addition, the university, through its Master of Arts in Democratic Governance and Civil Society graduate program, is also part of the highly prestigious DAAD Public Policy and Good Governance Scholarships for Developing Countries, along with other reputable institutions in political science and public policy such as the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin and the Willy Brandt School of Public Policy in Erfurt. The program attracts people from Asia, Latin America, and Africa to study in selected German universities for a policy-oriented Master's program.

Former President of Germany, Christian Wulff, is an alumnus of the university.

History
Higher education began in 1632 in Osnabrück when the Gymnasium Carolinum was upgraded into a Jesuit university. However, the Academia Carolina Osnabrugensis was closed just one year later when Swedish troops recaptured Osnabrück for the Protestant side in the Thirty Years' War.

The government of the state of Lower Saxony decided to set up a university in Osnabrück in 1970, and by 1973 had laid down the legal basis for such an institution. The university opened for the summer semester in 1974 as a successor institution to the Adolf Reichwein Teachers' College, which had occupied the former palace of the Prince-Bishopric since 1953.

Location
The main building of Osnabrück University is the baroque castle (built 1667–1675), formerly home and office to the Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück, nowadays housing mainly university administration. It is located close to the city center. In summer, the (mostly grass-covered) castle court is used for open air cinema and

concerts.

Most faculty buildings are scattered in close vicinity of the castle. Sport stadium and gymnasium are a bit farther away; the mathematical and natural-scientific faculties as well as the botanical garden are located in the western part of the city in the borough "Westerberg" (the "Western Mountain", which is rather a hill than a mountain). The campus at Westerberg is in parts shared with the neighbouring University of Applied Sciences. The distance between castle and the Westerberg campus is about 1.2 miles.

Departments and Institutes
Osnabrück University consists of ten schools (Fachbereiche) and four interdisciplinary institutes. Schools are split up into subjects or institutes or both.

The Schools and interdisciplinary institutes are:
 * School of Cultural Studies and Social Sciences
 * School of Educational and Cultural Studies
 * School of Physics
 * School of Biology/Chemistry
 * School of Mathematics/Computer Science
 * School of Language and Literary Studies
 * School of Human Sciences
 * School of Business Administration and Economics
 * School of Law
 * Institute of Migration Research and Intercultural Studies
 * Institute of Early Modern Intercultural Studies
 * Institute of Cognitive Science
 * Institute of Environmental Systems Research

title: Osnabrück University


text:
Broad River (Carolinas)

The Broad River is a principal tributary of the Congaree River, about 150 miles (240 km) long, in western North Carolina and northern South Carolina in the United States. Via the Congaree, it is part of the watershed of the Santee River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean.

Course
The Broad River originates in the Blue Ridge Mountains of eastern Buncombe County, North Carolina and flows generally south-southeastwardly, through or along the boundaries of Rutherford, Polk and Cleveland Counties in North Carolina; and Cherokee, York, Union, Chester, Fairfield, Newberry and Richland Counties in South Carolina. In North Carolina, the river is dammed to form Lake Lure; in South Carolina it passes through the Sumter National Forest and the communities of Cherokee Falls and Lockhart before joining the Saluda River to form the Congaree River in the city of Columbia.

Principal tributaries of the Broad River include the Green, Second Broad and First Broad Rivers in North Carolina ; and the Bowens, Pacolet, Sandy, Tyger, Enoree and Little Rivers in South Carolina.

Dams
This is an incomplete list of dams starting at Lake Lure and moving downstream

North Carolina South Carolina
 * Lake Lure
 * Cliffside Steam Station (Duke Energy) on the Border of Rutherford and Cleveland Counties.
 * Gaston Shoals Dam (Gaffney)
 * Cherokee Falls
 * Ninety Nine Islands Dam adjacent to the abandoned Cherokee Nuclear Power Plant
 * Dam and canal at Lockhart
 * Neal Shoals Dam
 * Parr Shoals Dam forming Parr Reservoir
 * Columbia Canal and Dam in Columbia

Crossings
The Broad River is crossed several times by many highways (Note: this list at times may be incomplete)

North Carolina South Carolina
 * Rutherford County
 * Grays Road
 * Union Road
 * Poors Ford Road
 * Big Island Road
 * Jack McKinney Road
 * Cleveland County
 * Big Island Road
 * Jack McKinney Road
 * Cleveland County
 * Cleveland County
 * Cleveland County
 * Gaffney/Cherokee County
 * Chester and Union Counties
 * in Lockhart
 * in Carlisle
 * Fairfield and Newberry Counties
 * in Peak
 * Columbia
 * in Carlisle
 * Fairfield and Newberry Counties
 * in Peak
 * Columbia
 * Columbia

Variant names
According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Broad River has also been known as
 * Eswa Huppeday
 * Eswawpuddenah
 * Line River
 * Main Broad River
 * Eswan Happedaw

It was also known in colonial times as the English Broad River to distinguish it from the French Broad River which also originates in western North Carolina, but flows northwest.

The present name is descriptive of the river's width.

title: Broad River (Carolinas)


text:
Oui Avant-Garde á Chance

Oui Avant-garde á Chance is the seventh full-length album British folk metal band, Skyclad. It contains 8 original tracks, 2 remixes and 2 covers: "Come On Eileen" (originally by Dexys Midnight Runners) and "Master Race" (originally by New Model Army).

As on the previous album, the group remained a quartet, with Steve Ramsey overdubbing all guitars, and with the hiring of Paul Smith and Paul A.T. Kinson as session drummers. Moreover, Les Smith has been involved as an accordion player in three songs.

Eric Fish, Frau Schmitt and Bodenski from the German folk metal group Subway to Sally have a guest appearance on the track "Come On Eileen".

For the first time in band history, Kevin Ridley contributed vocals for a Skyclad record, before taking over lead vocal duties in 2001. He sings the second voice in "If I Die Laughing, It'll Be an Act of God".

The apparently nonsensical French album title is a homophonic translation of the English phrase 'We haven't got a chance'.

Track listing

 * 1) "If I Die Laughing, It'll Be an Act of God" – 3:48
 * 2) "Great Blow for a Day Job" – 4:19
 * 3) "Constance Eternal" – 5:52
 * 4) "Postcard from Planet Earth" – 5:10
 * 5) "Jumping My Shadow" – 5:26
 * 6) "Bombjour!" – 4:02
 * 7) "History Lessens (The Final Examination)" – 4:20
 * 8) "A Badtime Story" – 5:35
 * 9) "Come on Eileen" – 3:54
 * 10) "Master Race" – 4:06
 * 11) "Bombed Out (Instru-mental)" – 4:05
 * 12) "Penny Dreadful" (Full Shilling Mix) – 3:09

title: Oui Avant-Garde á Chance


text:
Pellegrino Tibaldi

Pellegrino Tibaldi (1527, Valsolda - 27 May 1596, Milan), also known as Pellegrino di Tibaldo de Pellegrini, was an Italian mannerist architect, sculptor, and mural painter.

Biography
Tibaldi was born in Puria di Valsolda, then part of the duchy of Milan, but grew up in Bologna. His father worked as stonemason. He may have apprenticed with Bagnacavallo or Innocenzo da Imola. His first documented painting was likely as at 15 years of age, a Marriage of Saint Catherine.

In 1547, he went to Rome to study under Perin del Vaga. He was employed in the decoration of the Sala del Consiglio of Castel Sant'Angelo. When Perino died in 1547, Tibaldi became the leader in the large-scale fresco painting of the chambers and doorways (1547–1549). The frescoes are described as Michelangelesque in influence.

Other works were for Cardinal Giovanni Poggi in Bologna, and he carried out numerous commissions for him. Tibaldi painted frescoes of the Story of Ulysses in the Palazzo Poggi, scenes from the life of the Baptist in the Poggi chapel, and scenes from the Life of Moses in the Palazzo Sacchetti in Rome. He constructed a chapel for his patron, in the church of S. Giacomo Maggiore, and painted for it a St. John preaching in the Wilderness, and the Division of the Elect from the Damned. The Cardinal Poggi next employed him in the erection of a chapel in the Basilica della Santa Casa, Loreto, where he painted the Nativity, the Presentation in the Temple, the Transfiguration and Decollation of St. John.

He lived in Ancona between 1558 and 1561. Here he painted frescoes for Loggia dei Mercanti and Palazzo Ferretti. In 1561, he met Cardinal Carlo Borromeo, who employed him in Milan mostly as architect in the nearly endless task of constructing the cathedral, working on various projects in the cathedral, the courtyard of the archiepiscopal palace (1564–70), San Fedele (1569–1579) and San Sebastiano (1577). In Milan he worked also as a civil architect, projecting the Spinola, Erba Odescalchi and Prospero Visconti palaces. In 1575 he was commissioned by Cardinal Tolomeo Gallio the construction of Villa d'Este on the shores of Lake Como. In Pavia, again for Cardinal Charles Borromeo, Tibaldi designed the monumental building of the Almo Collegio Borromeo: a university boarding school set on an airy courtyard with a perfect quadrature, characterized by the elegant Serlian architectural design of the two orders of loggias. Also in Pavia, commissioned by Pope Pius V, Tibaldi was entrusted with the construction of the Collegio Ghislieri in 1567. Following the severe and ascetic character of the Counter-Reformation Pope, who had wanted a functional but not sumptuous construction for his college, Tibaldi interpreted this approach of the client by creating a three-storey building, with a square plan, imposing but not empty scenographic, with internal spaces functional to the community life that takes place there. In 1586 he went to Spain, where he followed and replaced Federico Zuccari as main court painter. He painted in the lower cloisters of El Escorial at the request of King Philip II. His greatest work were frescoes in the library. After nine years, he returned to Italy and was appointed architect of the Duomo of Milan until his death in Milan in 1592.

Pellegrino's brother, Domenico Tibaldi was a painter and architect active in Bologna. Among his pupils were Orazio Samacchini, Lorenzo Sabbatini, and Girolamo Miruoli.

Partial anthology of works

 * Marriage of Saint Catherine – Pinacoteca, Bologna
 * St Michael fresco – Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome
 * The Adoration of Christ by Shepherds – Galleria Borghese, Rome
 * Conception of John the Baptist (1555) – San Giorgio Maggiore, Bologna
 * Preaching to the Multitude, (San Giorgio Maggiore, Bologna)
 * Holy Family and Saint John the Baptist (attributed) – Indianapolis Museum of Art
 * Baptism of Christ – Ancona
 * Altarpiece – Sant'Agostino, Ancona
 * Incredulity of Thomas (1565) – drawing, 1565, Ambrosiana, Milan
 * The Incredulity of Thomas (recto); Study for the Figure of Thomas (verso) – drawing, Getty Museum
 * The Beheading of St. John the Baptist – Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan
 * Madonna and Child – Private collection
 * Holy Family and Holy Elizabeth
 * Allegory of Silence (1569) – Museo Civico, Bologna
 * Blinding of Polyphemus – Palazzo Sanguinetti
 * Life of the Virgin – Escorial, Madrid
 * Passion of Christ – Escorial, Madrid
 * Ecce Homo (1589) – El Escorial, Madrid
 * St. Michael – El Escorial, Madrid
 * Martyrdom of St. Lawrence – Escorial, Madrid
 * "Story of Joseph" Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Canada

title: Pellegrino Tibaldi


text:
1990 French Open

The 1990 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. The tournament was held from 28 May until 10 June. It was the 94th staging of the French Open, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1990.

Men's singles
🇪🇨 Andrés Gómez defeated 🇺🇸 Andre Agassi, 6–3, 2–6, 6–4, 6–4
 * It was Gómez's 3rd title of the year, and his 20th overall. It was his 1st (and only) career Grand Slam title.

Women's singles
Monica Seles defeated Steffi Graf, 7–6(8–6), 6–4
 * It was Seles' 6th title of the year, and her 7th overall. It was her 1st career Grand Slam title.

Men's doubles
🇪🇸 Sergio Casal / 🇪🇸 Emilio Sánchez Vicario defeated Goran Ivanišević /  Petr Korda, 7–5, 6–3

Women's doubles
Jana Novotná / Helena Suková defeated  Larisa Savchenko /  Natasha Zvereva, 6–4, 7–5

Mixed doubles
🇪🇸 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / 🇲🇽 Jorge Lozano defeated 🇦🇺 Nicole Provis /  Danie Visser, 7–6(7–5), 7–6(10–8)

Boys' singles

 * 🇮🇹 Andrea Gaudenzi defeated 🇸🇪 Thomas Enqvist 2–6, 7–6, 6–4

Girls' singles

 * 🇧🇬 Magdalena Maleeva defeated Tatiana Ignatieva 6–2, 6–3

Boys' doubles

 * 🇨🇦 Sébastien Leblanc / 🇨🇦 Sébastien Lareau defeated Clinton Marsh /  Marcos Ondruska 7–6, 6–7, 9–7

Girls' doubles

 * 🇷🇴 Ruxandra Dragomir / 🇷🇴 Irina Spîrlea defeated Tatiana Ignatieva /  Irina Sukhova 6–3, 6–1

Prize money
Total prize money for the event was $5,350,000.

title: 1990 French Open


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title: User talk:86.128.102.187


text: User talk:86.128.220.156

title: User talk:86.128.220.156


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Simple Things (Zero 7 album)

Simple Things is the debut studio album by Zero 7, released on 23 April 2001. It peaked at number 28 on the UK Albums Chart, staying on the chart for 56 weeks. It was nominated for the Mercury Prize.

Critical reception
Tim DiGravina of AllMusic gave the album 4 stars out of 5, calling it "an accomplished slice of soulful genius that rewards frequent spins." He said, "the duo of Henry Binns and Sam Hardaker mix a number of musical elements, such as soul-influenced diva vocals, gurgling and ringing keyboards, and classical string arrangements, into a relaxing, potent wave of sounds." Matt Diehl of Rolling Stone gave the album 3.5 stars out of 5, saying, "More like jazz on acid than acid jazz, Simple Things can be hallucinatory yet eminently listenable; it's chill-out music with a little something for your mind as well." For Rob Mitchum, writing for Pitchfork, the album was too similar to Air's Moon Safari.

Track listing
Source:

In popular culture

 * "In the Waiting Line" appeared in the season 6 episode, "The Domino Effect" on Sex and the City, in the season 3 episode of House "Needle in a Haystack", and in the 2004 film Garden State.
 * "Destiny" appeared in the 2002 film Blue Crush, as well as the 2009 film Obsessed.
 * “Give It Away” was used as a background track on the CBBC show SMart when sharing viewers artwork that had been sent in, the previous week.

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.
 * Zero 7 – production, mixing
 * Demus – mixing (3, 5)
 * Mozez – vocals (1, 5, 10)
 * Sia Furler – vocals (3, 7)
 * Sophie Barker – vocals (3, 8, 14)
 * Philani Mothers - vocals (11)
 * Dedi Madden – guitar (1, 7, 8)
 * Allan Simpson – guitar (3, 4, 6)
 * Phil Thornalley – guitar (9), bass guitar (9)
 * Pete Trotman – bass guitar (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12)
 * Max Beesley – Rhodes piano (5)
 * The Brilliant Strings – strings (1, 4, 5, 6, 12)
 * Sally Herbert – violin (1, 7, 10, 11)
 * Graeme Stewart – trumpet (4, 6)
 * Simon Elms – trumpet (9)
 * Dan Litman – flute (6)
 * Jeremy Stacey – drums (1, 8, 12)
 * Miggi Barradas – drums (4)
 * Ollie Savill – percussion (2)
 * Jenny Arrel – percussion (11)
 * House – design

title: Simple Things (Zero 7 album)


text:
User:Sjakkalle/Sandbox

[[User:Sjakkalle|Sjakkalle(Check!)]] 14:21, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Sjakkalle([[User talk:Sjakkalle|Check!)]] 14:22, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

[[User:Sjakkalle|Sjakkalle]] 14:24, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

[[User:Sjakkalle|Sjakkalle]] 14:25, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

[[User:Sjakkalle|Sjakkalle]] 14:25, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Sjakkalle ((Check!) 14:30, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Sjakkalle ([[User talk:Sjakkalle|Check!)]] 07:18, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Sjakkalle 08:22, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Sjakkalle 08:22, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

08:27, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:30, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Sjakkalle/Sandbox


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Portal:Trains/Anniversaries/February 1/More

19th century

 * 1860 – Stockholders and officials take an inaugural ride on the first Staten Island Railway line between Vanderbilt's Landing and Eltingville.
 * 1862 – London and South Western Railway begins operations over an extension from Exeter to St Davids then via dual gauge track on the line from there to Crediton.

20th century

 * 1912 – Stamford Brook station opens serving District Railway and London and South Western Railway trains.
 * 1913 – New York City's Grand Central Station opens as the world's largest train station to date.
 * 1933 – The San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway is incorporated and assumes all operations of the San Diego and Arizona Railway.
 * 1946 – Henry G. Ivatt is promoted to Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, succeeding Charles Fairburn.
 * 1968 – The Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York Central Railroad merge to form the Penn Central. Terms of the merger with the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad have not yet been agreed with the Interstate Commerce Commission; in the interim, the Penn Central will financially support the New Haven.
 * 1979 – The Southern Railway's Southern Crescent becomes Amtrak's Crescent as Southern discontinues independent passenger train service.
 * 1988 – MBTA restores passenger train service to Rhode Island, but only during peak rush-hour times.
 * 1995 – The last Algoma Central Railway train arrives at Steelton Yard in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada, at 1:45 AM local time; Wisconsin Central takes ownership of the railway effective with the next train out of the yard at 2:45 AM.

21st century

 * 2003 – A signal transmission failure leads to a passenger train not receiving a warning signal; the train crashes into a slow-moving freight train in the Dete train crash in Zimbabwe, about 90 mi from Victoria Falls; 50 of the train's 1,100 passengers die in the accident.


text:
User talk:Grenavitar/sura

Hello Granavitar,

I did some minor things on your translation...haven't got the time to do more today... Hope to be of more help tomorrow or next week, okay? Regards, Martijn (not logged in)

title: User talk:Grenavitar/sura


text:
Fire and Rain (film)

Fire and Rain is a 1989 American made-for-television disaster film directed by Jerry J. Jameson, starring Charles Haid, Angie Dickinson, and Tom Bosley, as well as an all-star ensemble television cast in supporting roles. It is based on the Delta Air Lines Flight 191 plane crash at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport on August 2, 1985, as depicted in Fire and Rain: A Tragedy in American Aviation (1986) by Jerome Greer Chandler.

Jerry J. Jameson had become known for his work on "movie-of-the-week phenomenon and group-jeopardy suspense and terror", although he also became a specialist in "one-off" television and film features. The film was an example of the aviation "disaster" film, as well, it also very much fits the additional genre of the complex, heavily character-driven ensemble cast film, exploring the personal dramas and interactions that develop among the passengers and crew as they deal with a deadly onboard emergency. It, however, veers from the traditional format as it is based on a real-life accident. It originally debuted on the USA television network.

Plot
On August 2, 1985, Delta Airlines Flight 191 a Lockheed L-1011 flown by Captain Connors (John Beck) and First Officer Rudy Price (Dick Christie) is preparing to land at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport on its single stop, flying from Fort Lauderdale, Florida to Los Angeles via Dallas Fort Worth. Air Traffic controllers advise that a thunderstorm is present. The flight crew surmise that the plane might get washed, but have no other worries about the storm being so near. Passengers such as Lucille Jacobson (Patti LaBelle), who is terrified of flying, however, are fearful about landing in a storm. Others, like Marilyn (Gloria Hocking) and Mike Steinberg (Joe Berryman) are thinking more about their California vacation. As the rain pelts down on the plane, there is no warning of an impending crisis.

Without warning, the L-1011 is slammed into the ground, a mile short of the runway, slicing into a small car on the road, killing William Mayberry (Rudy Young), before skidding onto the field and exploding. Within a minute, all airport fire and emergency units are alerted. Five minutes into the rescue, first responders Jack Ayers (Dean Jones), Beth Mancini (Angie Dickinson), led by Bob Sonnamaker (Charles Haid) are rapidly deployed to the scene. The severed rear section of the plane is where most survivors are found although flight attendants at the front also survive.

Cast

 * Charles Haid as Bob Sonnamaker
 * Angie Dickinson as Beth Mancini
 * Tom Bosley as Derryl Price
 * Robert Guillaume as Carter Guthrie
 * Susan Ruttan as Sandra Thompson
 * John Beck as Captain Connors
 * Dean Jones as Jack Ayers
 * Dick Christie as First Officer Rudy Price
 * Penny Fuller as Peggy Hamilton
 * David Hasselhoff as Dr. Dan Meyer
 * Patti LaBelle as Lucille Jacobson
 * Lawrence Pressman as Paul Hamilton
 * Joe Berryman as Michael Steinberg
 * Gloria Hocking as Marilyn Steinberg

 * Blue Deckert as Jim Rodman
 * L. Gregg Loso as Clint Smith
 * Marianne Rogers as Wanda
 * Angie Bolling as Helen Smith/Sally Howard
 * Jerry Young as Christopher Meier
 * Rudy Young as William Mayberry
 * Annie Biggs as Terri Mayberry
 * Desi Doyen as Susan Anderson
 * Gary Moody as Charles Petty
 * Vernon Grote as Rescue Worker
 * Macaulay Bruton as Rabbi
 * Norma Harris Gordon as Amy Hughes
 * Patricia Zehentmayr as herself
 * Phil Shirey as Lead Person

Production
Filmed at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, the film was a docudrama that recreated the events of August 2, 1985, when Delta Airlines Flight 191, a Lockheed L-1011-385-1 TriStar airliner flying from Fort Lauderdale, Florida to Los Angeles was coming into Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport on its single stop on the route. It unexpectedly flew into an isolated thunderstorm hovering very close to the field. The storm created a dangerous "wind shear", or "microburst", dashing it into the ground just slightly more than a mile north of the outer perimeter.

The film incorporated the true-life stories of many of the 152 passengers and 11 crew members on board. In the end, 137 died and 28 survived; one other person on the ground was also killed. The prologue to the film indicated that the crash was one of the worst aircraft mishaps in U.S. history. Up to that time, the circumstances behind it regarding microbursts and wind shears of the kind that brought it down, as well as the kind of thunderstorm that caused them, were unknown. Subsequently, the investigation and review of procedures led to modifications in all big-body civil aircraft whereby their radar could detect the anomalies of major storm systems. At the time, it could only detect the actual presence of the storm itself. A groundbreaking legal action also resulted.

Many firefighters and emergency personnel were portrayed by real first responders from the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Some of them had been on duty during the actual rescue following the crash, and were, in effect, portraying themselves.

In popular culture
The crash of Delta Flight 191 was not only the subject of the film. It was also featured on an episode of When Weather Changed History on The Weather Channel, and the episode "Deadly Weather" of Survival in the Sky. The television series Mayday (aka Air Crash Investigation or Air Emergency) on Discovery Channel Canada and National Geographic dramatized it in the episode "Invisible Killer" (aka "Slammed to the Ground"). It was also shown and discussed in a later Mayday episode about the American Airlines Flight 1420 accident, which also occurred during landing in bad weather conditions.

title: Fire and Rain (film)


text:
BGG

BGG may refer to:
 * Before Green Gables, a novel by Budge Wilson, as a prequel to Anne of Green Gables
 * Big Green Gathering, an annual festival in Somerset, England
 * Bingöl Airport, Turkey (IATA code: BGG)
 * Black Girl Gamers, a gaming community
 * BoardGameGeek, a board gaming website
 * Brigg railway station, Lincolnshire, England (station code: BGG)
 * Briggs & Stratton, an American engine manufacturer (NYSE stock code: BGG)
 * Bugun language of Arunachal Pradesh, India (ISO 639-3 code: bgg)

title: BGG


text: Category:Southern Bantoid languages

title: Category:Southern Bantoid languages


text:
Wikipedia:Naming conventions (provinces)

For a more recent discussion, please see Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (subnational entities)

Work in progress, not official policy!

Rationale
To make editing easier, to reduce possible wrong links, to give a consistent view to the reader

it is proposed

to reduce the number of naming variants for subnational entities called province in english.

The Category:Provinces now has 64 subcategories representing 64 sets of provinces.

List of naming variants

 * X
 * X, Country
 * 1) X (Country)
 * 2) X province
 * 3) X province, Country
 * 4) X province (Country)
 * 5) X Province
 * 6) X Province, Country
 * 7) X Province (Country)
 * 8) X (province)
 * 9) X (province of Country)
 * 10) X (somelandian province)
 * 11) Province of X (Country)
 * 12) Province of X, Country

Proposal "X Province, Country [disambig-only]"

 * 1) Naming variants used: 3
 * 2) X - in general
 * 3) X Province - if there are other things called "X" and if it is more convenient because the majority of a certain set of provinces already uses "X Province" due to disambiguation.
 * 4) X Province, Country - if there are provinces of the same name in different countries.
 * 5) Note: This proposal only effects articles about subnational entities that have the term "province" in the title.
 * 6) Support
 * 7) User:Tobias Conradi (Talk) 14:48, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Proposal "PofX for Italy, otherwise do not care"

 * 1) Naming variants used: 14
 * 2) Province of X - in general if the province is italian
 * 3) Province of X (Italy) or Province of X, Italy ? - for country disambiguation
 * 4) all other variants including the former a possible for non-Italian provinces
 * 5) Support
 * 6) see: Talk:Provinces of Italy (Giano,Docu,Bill Thayer,Bishonen)

Examples

 * X
 * Cabinda (Angola)
 * Quebec (Canada)
 * X Province
 * Balkh Province (Afghanistan)
 * Benguela Province (Angola)
 * Ararat Province (Armenia)
 * Taiwan Province (China)
 * Hamadan Province (Iran)
 * Vientiane Province (Laos)
 * Arhangay Province (Mongolia)
 * Chiang Mai Province (Thailand)
 * Adana Province (Turkey)
 * Masvingo Province (Zimbabwe)
 * X Province, Country
 * San Juan Province, Argentina
 * San Juan Province, Dominican Republic

Affected articles
The following aims to be a complete list of subnational entities called province on Wikipedia.

Sets using convention "X Province, Country [disambig-only]"
Sets marked by * use the term province only for disambiguation.
 * 1) Provinces of Afghanistan* (velayat)
 * 2) Provinces of Algeria* (wilayat)
 * 3) Provinces of Angola*
 * 4) Provinces of Argentina* (provincia)
 * 5) Provinces of Armenia* (marz)
 * 6) Provinces of Belarus (voblast)
 * 7) Provinces of Bulgaria (oblast)
 * 8) Provinces of Burkina Faso* (fr:province)
 * 9) Provinces of Cameroon
 * 10) Provinces of Chile (provincia)
 * 11) Province of China* (shěng)
 * 12) Provinces of Costa Rica (provincia)
 * 13) Provinces of Cuba* (provincia)
 * 14) Provinces of the Dominican Republic* (provincia)
 * 15) Provinces of Ecuador* (provincia)
 * 16) Provinces of Equatorial Guinea (provincia?)
 * 17) Provinces of Finland* (lääni,län)
 * 18) Provinces of Gabon* (fr:province)
 * 19) Provinces of Greece
 * 20) Provinces of Iran*
 * 21) Provinces of Italy (provincia) [a proposal to move to the form "Province of X" exists]
 * 22) Provinces of Japan (kuni) [historic]
 * 23) Provinces of Kazakhstan* (oblysy)
 * 24) Provinces of Kenya
 * 25) Provinces of Kyrgyzstan (oblasty)
 * 26) Provinces of Laos* (khoueng)
 * 27) Provinces of Madagascar (?)
 * 28) Provinces of Mongolia (aymag) in line with provinces of Outer Mongolia [historic]
 * 29) Provinces of Mozambique*
 * 30) Provinces of New Zealand* [historic]
 * 31) Provinces of the Ottoman Empire* [historic]
 * 32) Provinces of Pakistan*
 * 33) Provinces of Panama* (provincia)
 * 34) Provinces of Papua New Guinea*
 * 35) Provinces of Peru (provincia)
 * 36) Provinces of the Philippines* (Filipino: lalawigan or probinsya)
 * 37) Provinces of the Roman Empire* (provincia) [historic]
 * 38) Provinces of Saudi Arabia* (mintaqah, translation not inline with general use of the term province for the arab word wilaya)
 * 39) Provinces of Sierra Leone
 * 40) Provinces of the Solomon Islands*
 * 41) Provinces of South Africa
 * 42) Provinces of Sri Lanka
 * 43) Provinces of Thailand (changwat)
 * 44) Provinces of Turkey (il)
 * 45) Provinces of Turkmenistan (welayat)
 * 46) Provinces of Uzbekistan (viloyat)
 * 47) Provinces of Vietnam* (tinh)
 * 48) Provinces of Zambia
 * 49) Provinces of Zimbabwe*

Sets using other conventions than "X Province, Country [disambig-only]"

 * 1) Provinces of Belgium #10 entries#
 * 2) 3 use "X (province)"
 * 3) 1 uses "X (Country)"
 * 4) 1 uses "X (province of Country)"
 * 5) one region could be considered province level uses: "X Region"
 * 6) Provinces of Indonesia* #29 entries#
 * 7) 2 use "X (Indonesian province)"
 * 8) Provinces of the Netherlands #12 entries#
 * 9) 2 use "X (province)"
 * 10) 1 uses "X (Country)"
 * 11) Provinces of Spain #50 entries# (provincia)
 * 12) 8 use "X" (cases in which the province name is not the same as the capital city -- i.e. 3 Basque provinces and those autonomous communities consisting of one province
 * 13) 2 use "X Province, Country" -- Jaén (shares name with province in Peru) and Córdoba (ibid., Argentina)
 * 14) 40 use "X (province)"

Deletion
I propose this proposal be deleted in lieu of Naming conventions (subnational entities) which handles provinces and all other types. Not all "provinces" are equal, either, so there's no reason to have a specific convention for them. Either there should be a convention for all first-level divisions, or a convention for each country individually; one country's province may be in no way equal to another country's province. --Golbez 22:35, August 13, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Conic constant

In geometry, the conic constant (or Schwarzschild constant, after Karl Schwarzschild) is a quantity describing conic sections, and is represented by the letter K. The constant is given by $$K = -e^2, $$ where $e$ is the eccentricity of the conic section.

The equation for a conic section with apex at the origin and tangent to the y axis is $$y^2-2Rx+(K+1)x^2 = 0$$ alternately $$ x = \dfrac{y^2}{R+\sqrt{R^2-(K+1)y^2}}$$ where R is the radius of curvature at $x = 0$.

This formulation is used in geometric optics to specify oblate elliptical ($K > 0$), spherical ($K = 0$), prolate elliptical ($0 > K > −1$), parabolic ($K = −1$), and hyperbolic ($K < −1$) lens and mirror surfaces. When the paraxial approximation is valid, the optical surface can be treated as a spherical surface with the same radius.

title: Conic constant


text:
Gerard Vaughan (British politician)

Sir Gerard Folliott Vaughan (11 June 1923 – 29 July 2003) was a British psychiatrist and politician, who reached ministerial rank during the Thatcher administration.

Vaughn's political career ended after a battle with the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament's Joan Ruddock over the government's grant to the Citizens Advice Bureau. He lost his government post and was no longer active in politics from that point on.

Early life
Gerard Vaughan was the son of a sugar planter, born and educated in what is now Mozambique. During the Second World War, his father joined the Royal Air Force as a pilot, and was killed.

Medical career
The young Vaughan studied medicine in London, attending the University of London, Guy's Hospital, and the Maudsley Hospital. He eventually became the consultant in charge of the Bloomfield Clinic at Guy's Hospital, serving in that role from 1958 to 1979.

Politics
Vaughan became involved in Conservative Party politics in the mid-1950s, serving as an alderman on the London County Council. He stood unsuccessfully in 1964 to represent Lambeth on the Greater London Council and stood successfully in Lambeth at the 1967 election. In 1970 he was elected by the council as an alderman for a term ending in 1976. He resigned on 18 September 1972.

He stood for the constituency of Poplar in East London in the general election of 1955 but was defeated. In the general election of 1970, he won the Reading constituency from Labour. Thereafter, he represented the constituencies of Reading South and Reading East until his retirement from politics before the general election of 1997.

During the government of Edward Heath, Vaughan served as a government whip and as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Francis Pym, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. When Margaret Thatcher became leader of the Conservative Party, after Heath's defeat in the general elections of February 1974 and October 1974, Vaughan became her health spokesman. He became a minister in the Department of Health and Social Security under Patrick Jenkin after the Conservative Party won the general election in 1979.

Vaughan did not get on with his new boss, Norman Fowler, who replaced Jenkin in 1981. In 1982, Vaughan was transferred to become consumer affairs minister. When he discovered that the then chair of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Joan Ruddock, was also head of his local Citizen's Advice Bureau (CAB), he threatened to halve the government's contribution to CABs across the country. The uproar that followed, both from the thousands of voluntary workers in the CAB and from their Conservative MPs, forced Vaughan to retreat during an angry Commons debate in April 1983.

Vaughan was dropped from the government in 1983 and given a knighthood in 1984. From the back benches, he served on the Education Select Committee from 1983 to 1993, and the Science and Technology Select Committee from 1993 to 1997. In his Reading constituency, he fought against plans, sponsored by Nicholas Ridley, to build housing in Berkshire's diminishing green belt. Vaughan was a freemason.

title: Gerard Vaughan (British politician)


text: Category:Bantoid languages

title: Category:Bantoid languages


text:
Talk:Pentland Firth

I am wondering whether and how we might reconcile the following:

 * (1) From Pentland Firth:
 * "The Pentland Firth extends from Dunnet Head to Duncansby Head on the mainland ..."

 * (2) From Holborn Head point:
 * "Holborn Head point ( 58.6225°N, -3.53639°W, grid reference ) is the point on the north coast of Great Britain where waters of Thurso Bay (known also as Scrabster Bay) and of the Pentland Firth meet the more open water of the Atlantic Ocean."

 * (3) In Dunnet Head and Easter Head there is no reference to a western limit to the extent of Pentland Firth.

Dunnet Head is the western limit (on the Caithness side)?

Laurel Bush 14:27, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC).

Dunnet Head and Holborn Head are now consistent with Pentland Firth. Laurel Bush 11:19, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC).

FIRTH LIMITS.

From the 'Admiralty Sailing Directions' Vol 52, 'North Coast of Scotland Pilot' the limits are stated to be from Dunnet Head to Tor Ness in the west and from Duncansby Head to Old Head in the east. I think that these would be the definitive limits and have added them as such.

The information on the tidal races is from the same source.

Doug MacLeod. 29 Aug. 2006.

Tidal power
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/highlands_and_islands/7675510.stm "Tidal power developer Atlantis Resources Corporation confirmed it was considering a site near Castle of Mey for a computer data centre. The plan - still in the early stages - would see the centre powered by a tidal scheme in the Pentland Firth. " I have not added this into the article as my local geography knowledge is limited. Perhaps one with more knowledge may be more certain and can add it in. 78.149.241.238 (talk) 21:02, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

Done. Ben  Mac  Dui  15:31, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

Propose changing 'Tidal power' to 'Marine power'
The Alex Salmond quote comparing the Pentland Firth to Saudi Arabia in terms of energy potential is sometimes quoted as being applied to tidal power, yet this seems to be more commonly quoted as 'marine' rather than 'tidal'.

Considering that the Crown Estate seabed leasing round of March 2010 for wave and tidal projects was focussed on this area under the heading 'Pentland Firth & Orkney Waters' I propose changing this section of the page to 'Marine power' rather than focussing on tidal only. The reason I've entered this as a discussion point is that one could argue that the 'Pentland Firth' sites of the lease area is dominated by tidal projects, while the wave projects are largely focussed in 'Orkney Waters'. Either way, it does seem to be relevant to include a specific mention of the Crown Estate leases within this section of the page.

Dictionarydeb (talk) 09:58, 22 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Fair enough - go right ahead. Ben   Mac  Dui  19:14, 22 September 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pentland Firth


text:
Talk:Ladislaus of Naples

In Naples or Anywhere
dear Choess, since you added "In Naples" to make "He was the last male of the senior Angevin line in Naples", I would humbly like to know where do you find any other male after his death of the agnatic descent of the senior Angevin line.

If I have found the complete genealogy, Ladislas was the absolute last living male of senior Angevin line in the whole world and universe (and I will not take into account any irreal place such as god's heaven). Thus, do you find any other who lived after him??? 62.78.106.188 14:29, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The "in Naples" was intended to modify the "senior Angevin line" (a somewhat ambiguous phrase) rather than "last male". I'll just change it to "last male descendant of Charles of Anjou", which is clearest. Choess 15:08, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * He was the last male-line descendant of Charles of Anjou, who surely has numerous male descendants living at the present day. john k 15:13, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * (And at the time of his death in 1414, as well - his rival Louis II of Anjou, for instance, was a male descendant of Charles of Anjou. john k 15:14, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * You're right, of course. I've changed it to "heir male of the body", which reflects my original intent and is, I think, correct. Choess 16:28, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I think the "senior Angevin line" should be preserved, as its counterpart, "junior Angevin line" is here in the same article. And they are here counterparted most appropristely, this being one of the few generations they were against each other. I would hate to that all that must be explained in this article text, whereas with "senior + junior Angevin line" everything should be well and these lines (and their difference) is ONCE explained fully somewhere in page which presents the Angevin lines. (Is it Angevin or what?) 62.78.126.61 18:41, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Btw, last male of senior Angevin line is good in another sense too, since it includes the "line" to say the same as male-line. 62.78.126.61 18:41, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, the Angevin description page looks decent, although it could use a little copy-editing in the last paragraph. I guess it's clear enough if it links to "Angevin". Choess 18:54, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Name
I'm not sure why the French spelling is currently being used here on the English Wikipedia for an Italian monarch. The English is Ladislaus, the Italian is Ladislao. Corrected and moved. -LlywelynII (talk) 11:29, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

Concubines
Would like to hear and read more about Ladislas' relations with his concubines. In short, "unceasing sexual activity" needs to be expanded. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.216.7.5 (talk) 20:34, 27 February 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ladislaus of Naples


text:
Orans

Orans, a loanword from Medieval Latin orans translated as "one who is praying or pleading", also orant or orante, as well as lifting up holy hands, is a posture or bodily attitude of prayer, usually standing, with the elbows close to the sides of the body and with the hands outstretched sideways, palms up. The orans posture of prayer has a Scriptural basis in 1 Timothy 2 : "I desire, then, that in every place the men should pray, lifting up holy hands without anger or argument" (NRSV).

It was common in early Christianity and can frequently be seen in early Christian art, being advised by several early Church Fathers, who saw it as "the outline of the cross". In modern times, the orans position is still preserved in Oriental Orthodoxy, as when Coptic Christian believers pray the seven canonical hours of the Agpeya at fixed prayer times. The orans also occurs within parts of the Catholic, Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, and Anglican liturgies, Pentecostal and charismatic worship, and the ascetical practices of some religious groups.

History
The orans posture is widespread in the art of the Ancient Near East, both in the Levant and in Egypt, from at least the Late Bronze Age. It was in origin a gesture of supplication or submission shown towards a deity (or the image of a deity) upon entering a temple.

The orans position is seen throughout the Old Testament, in Isaiah as well as in certain Psalms (such as, , , , ). It has been argued that the gesture was adopted by Early Christianity from Second Temple Judaism. References in the New Testament are, and.

The biblical ordinance of lifting hands up in prayer was advised by many early Christian apologists, including Marcus Minucius Felix, Clement of Rome, Clement of Alexandria and Tertullian. Christians saw the position as representing the posture of Christ on the Cross; therefore, it was the favorite of early Christians. Some scholars also assert that the deference this pose exhibits—with the outstretched hands showing a sort of submission to a religious power—is intertwined with Roman ideas of pietas; this encapsulates notions of family values, civic honor and charitable behavior.

In Oriental Orthodoxy, Coptic Christian believers pray the seven canonical hours of the Agpeya at fixed prayer times in the orans position while standing. In Western Christianity, until at least the ninth century, the posture was used by entire congregations during celebrations of the Eucharist. By the twelfth century, however, the joining of hands began to replace the orans posture as the preferred position for prayer. The orans posture has continued to be used at certain points in the liturgies of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox and Churches. In the Catholic Church, Masses in the Latin liturgical rites see the celebrating priest prays the orations, the canon, and the Lord's Prayer in the gesture of orant; in the Maronite Church's Holy Qurbana, the congregation together with the priest lift up their hands in the orans posture during various parts of the liturgy, such as the anaphora and Lord's Prayer. The orans gesture survived the Reformation and was preserved in the liturgy of the Lutheran and Anglican Churches.

The orans posture experienced a revival within Pentecostalism and Charismatic Christianity under the umbrella of the contemporary worship movement of the mid-20th century.

Depictions in art

Orans was common in early Sumerian cultures: "...it appears that Sumerian people might have a statue carved to represent themselves and do their worshipping for them—in their place, as a stand in. An inscription on one such statue translates, 'It offers prayers.' Another inscription says, 'Statue, say unto my king (god)..." The custom of praying in antiquity with outstretched, raised arms was common to both Jews and Gentiles, and indeed the iconographic type of the Orans was itself strongly influenced by classic representations. But the meaning of the orans of Christian art is quite different from that of its prototypes. It is possible that medieval representations of a diminutive body, figure of the soul, issuing from the mouths of the dying were reminiscences of the orans as a symbol of the soul. Other theories imply a less metaphorical view, instead arguing that the heavily feminine iconography of orans sheds light on the state of female involvement in the early Church.

Numerous Biblical figures, for instance, depicted in the catacombs of Rome—Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, and Daniel in the lion's den—are pictured asking the Lord to deliver the soul of the person on whose tombs they are depicted as he once delivered the particular personage represented. But besides these Biblical orans figures there exist in the catacombs many ideal figures (153 in all) in the ancient attitude of prayer, representing the deceased's soul in heaven, praying for their friends on earth. One of the most convincing proofs that the orans was regarded as a symbol of the soul is an ancient lead medal in the Vatican Museum showing the martyr St. Lawrence, under torture, while his soul, in the form of a female orans, is just leaving the body. An arcosolium in the Ostrianum cemetery represents an orans with a petition for her intercession: Victoriæ Virgini … Pete … The Acts of St. Cecilia speaks of souls leaving the body like virgins: Vidit egredientes animas eorum de corporibus, quasi virgines de thalamo ("He saw their souls coming out of their bodies, like virgins from the chamber"), and so also the Acts of Sts. Peter and Marcellinus. Other academic opinions, however, disagree with the metaphorical nature of the above theories; citing the large amount of female orans figures and their common characteristics, they argue that the prevalence of non-male figures indicates unacknowledged female leadership in the early church. While writings focusing female leaders is rare in early Christianity, scholars look to art to provide a more holistic picture; in particular, women appearing to supervise eucharist—in orans position—in catacomb iconography leads some to propose the existence of female leadership in the church. This represents a less metaphorical lens than that of the feminine orans representing the soul.

The earlier orantes were depicted in the simplest garb, and without any striking individual traits, but in the fourth century the figures become richly adorned, and of marked individuality, an indication of the approach of historic art. One of the most remarkable figures of the orans cycle, dating from the early fourth century, is interpreted by Wilpert as the Blessed Virgin interceding for the friends of the deceased. Directly in front of Mary is a boy, not in the orans attitude and supposed to be the Divine Child, while to the right and left are monograms of Christ.

The Platytéra, a hagiographic depiction on the Virgin Mary as Our Lady of the Sign which is standing in the orans gesture, usually placed on the half-dome above the altar of Byzantine-style churches, and facing down the nave.

title: Orans


text: User talk:84.248.115.35

title: User talk:84.248.115.35


text:
User talk:Ipse Dixit

There is really no reason for all of the tags you are placing on the various Dark Tower related articles. Commala is about the only one that it would be appropriate to merge into the "(series)" article. Each book deserves it's own page. as do the characters (though the character articles need expanding). I am going to remove the merge tags from these articles. Lachatdelarue (talk) 14:31, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ipse Dixit