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Glen Byam Shaw

Glencairn Alexander "Glen" Byam Shaw, (13 December 1904 – 29 April 1986) was an English actor and theatre director, known for his dramatic productions in the 1950s and his operatic productions in the 1960s and later.

In the 1920s and 1930s Byam Shaw was a successful actor, both in romantic leads and in character parts. He worked frequently with his old friend John Gielgud. After working as co-director with Gielgud at the end of the 1930s, he preferred to direct rather than act. He served in the armed forces during the Second World War, and then took leading directorial posts at the Old Vic, the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre and Sadler's Wells (later known as the English National Opera).

Early years
Byam Shaw was born in London, the youngest of five siblings (four sons and one daughter) born to artist John Byam Liston Shaw and his wife, Caroline Evelyn Eunice Pyke-Nott (1870–1959), also an artist. He was educated at Westminster School, where his contemporaries included his elder brother, James Byam Shaw, later a well-known art historian, and John Gielgud, who became a lifelong friend and professional colleague.

The actor Michael Denison, biographer of Byam Shaw in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography writes that Byam Shaw made his professional stage debut in August 1923 with no prior training. Denison speculates that Byam Shaw's cousin, actress May Ward, a close friend of Dame Ellen Terry, "may have been enough to make him take the plunge". The Times said of him, "Tall, gentle, and graceful in movement, he was valuable in any cast, particularly in classics and in the Russian plays."

Byam Shaw's first appearance was at Torquay in the west of England, in C. K. Munro's comedy At Mrs. Beam's. In 1925 he made his London debut, playing Yasha in J.B. Fagan's production of The Cherry Orchard, in a cast that included Alan Napier as Gaiev, O.B. Clarence as Firs and Gielgud as the young student Trofimov. Over the next few years Byam Shaw appeared in three more plays by Chekhov, and in plays by Strindberg and Ibsen. He made his New York debut in November 1927 as Pelham Humphrey in And So To Bed.

Actress Constance Collier was impressed by Byam Shaw and used her influence to gain him roles. Among those to whom she introduced him was Ivor Novello, then a leading figure in London theatre. She directed them both in the play Down Hill in 1926. This drew him into contact with the poet Siegfried Sassoon, a friend of Collier; he and Byam Shaw became close. Their friendship lasted for the rest of Sassoon's life, although they ceased to be partners quite quickly; Sassoon became involved with Stephen Tennant and Byam Shaw fell in love with actress Angela Baddeley. They married in 1929. The marriage, which lasted until her death in 1976, was, Denison writes, "a supremely happy one, both domestically and professionally"; the couple had a son and a daughter.

1930s and Second World War
Byam Shaw and Baddeley toured together in South Africa in 1931, in a repertory of three plays. The following year, Byam Shaw appeared at the Lyceum in Max Reinhardt's mime play The Miracle, with Lady Diana Cooper as the Madonna, Tilly Losch as the nun and Leonid Massine as the Spielmann. In 1933, Byam Shaw took over from Gielgud as Richard II in the long-running play Richard of Bordeaux by 'Gordon Daviot' (Josephine Tey); the following year he played Darnley in another historical play by the same author, Queen of Scots, opposite Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies and Laurence Olivier, directed by Gielgud.

Byam Shaw continued to work with Gielgud, playing Laertes to his Hamlet in 1934, and Benvolio in the celebrated 1935 New Theatre production of Romeo and Juliet with Peggy Ashcroft as Juliet, Edith Evans as the Nurse and Gielgud and Olivier alternating the roles of Romeo and Mercutio. During that New season, Gielgud invited Byam Shaw to join him in directing Richard II for the Oxford University Dramatic Society. Denison, who was in the cast, describes Byam Shaw as "stimulating, firm, and courteous to his undergraduate cast". Byam Shaw enjoyed the experience of directing, and never having especially enjoyed acting he turned gladly to direction.

Gielgud engaged Byam Shaw to direct Dodie Smith's Dear Octopus in 1938 with a cast including Gielgud, Marie Tempest, Kate Cutler and Baddeley. Byam Shaw concluded his acting career in the late 1930s in roles including D'Arcy in a dramatisation of Pride and Prejudice, character parts in The Merchant of Venice and Richard II, and Sir Benjamin Backbite in The School for Scandal. After appearing in Michel Saint-Denis's short season at the Phoenix Theatre in 1938, his final role was Horatio to Gielgud's Hamlet, both in London and at Elsinore Castle.

As the Second World War loomed, Byam Shaw joined the emergency reserve of officers. On 3 January 1940, he was commissioned into the Royal Scots as a second lieutenant. He served in Burma from 1942 and was wounded. He ended his military service in 1945 as a major, making training films in India. While in Burma Byam Shaw conceived a production of Antony and Cleopatra dressed in the costumes of Shakespeare's time, rather than those of Ancient Rome and Egypt. On his return to civilian life, he directed it at the Piccadilly Theatre in 1946, with Godfrey Tearle and Edith Evans. The Manchester Guardian called his production "a very adroit and finished piece of work."

Old Vic and Stratford
Between 1947 and 1951 Byam Shaw was the director of the Old Vic Theatre School, part of the Old Vic Theatre run by Michel Saint-Denis which also included the Young Vic run by George Devine. Denison writes "Despite much success in all fields the three partners fell foul of the Vic governors and of the theatre's top-heavy and largely hostile administration". The same board had earlier dismissed Ralph Richardson and Laurence Olivier as heads of the Old Vic company, and now lost another leading team when Saint-Denis, Devine and Byan Shaw resigned in 1951.

From 1952 to 1959 Byam Shaw was director of the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon, first as co-director with Anthony Quayle, and in sole charge from 1956 to 1959. He was appointed CBE in 1954. He directed 14 plays at Stratford; Denison singles out Antony and Cleopatra with Michael Redgrave and Ashcroft, Macbeth with Olivier and Vivien Leigh, As You Like It with Ashcroft, Othello with Harry Andrews and Emlyn Williams, and King Lear with Charles Laughton and Albert Finney. Before the 1950s, Stratford seasons had been widely regarded as worthy but unexciting. Under Quayle and Byam Shaw Stratford became one of the principal centres of British theatre, attracting the leading directors such as Gielgud, Peter Hall and Peter Brook. In 1959, he handed over to Hall, whom he had chosen as his successor.

Opera
In 1962, despite describing himself as tone deaf, Byam Shaw accepted the post of director of productions at Sadler's Wells Opera. He worked closely with the company's managing director, Norman Tucker, and musical director, Colin Davis. Tucker's successor, Lord Harewood, recalled "a series of striking productions, including The Rake's Progress, Così fan tutte, Der Freischütz and A Masked Ball ... a notable elegant and witty Die Fledermaus, Hansel and Gretel ... and Gluck's Orpheus."

Byam Shaw's most celebrated opera productions were in collaboration with the conductor Reginald Goodall, first The Mastersingers, the company's last major production at Sadler's Wells Theatre, and, after its move to the London Coliseum in 1968, the four operas of Wagner's Ring cycle, in which Byam Shaw's co-director was his former assistant John Blatchley. Byam Shaw's last collaboration with Goodall was Tristan and Isolde in 1981.

He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1954 New Year Honours in recognition of his work as director of the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon. He received an honorary DLitt from the University of Birmingham in 1959.

Death
Glen Byam Shaw died in Goring-on-Thames at the age of 81, survived by his children and extended family.

title: Glen Byam Shaw


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Saint Paul-Reformation Lutheran Church

Saint Paul-Reformation Lutheran Church (SPR) is a congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) located in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It is part of the Saint Paul Area Synod.

The congregation gained national attention in 2001 when it ordained Anita C. Hill (not to be confused with Anita Hill of the Clarence Thomas US Senate confirmation hearings). Hill is a lesbian in a committed relationship. Under ELCA guidelines at the time of her ordination, a candidate who "self-identifi[ed] as a homosexual is expected to refrain from sexual relations." The Saint Paul Area Synod, the local ecclesiastical authority, chose to "censure and admonish" the congregation for a period of time. The congregation continued to contribute the ELCA, attending Synodical gatherings and other meetings, and was formally reinstated to the roster of congregations when the policies of the ELCA were changed in 2009.

The congregation is also notable in that nearly 25% of its membership identifying as LGBT. Liturgy, preaching, and music continue to be exceptionally important to the parish as well as its continued ministries of social justice.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Saint Paul-Reformation Lutheran Church


text:
User:Jon (usurped)~enwiki

Jon Watson

This account actually belongs to me, jondwatson. Sadly, I have forgotten my password and the Wikipedia system isn't emailing me my new one (yes, I know I have my email address right). I therefore had to create another account to use.

When and if usurpation comes into effect - I intend to usurp this username since it's me anyhow.

Jondwatson 14:10, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Jon (usurped)~enwiki


text:
Sahneuti

Sahneuti (also spelled Shahnyaati, Sahnyateh, Sanytyi, Senati, Sinate), died c.1900 was a Gwich'in First Nation chief and a fur trader.

After the establishment of the Hudson's Bay Company trading post at Fort Yukon in 1847, Alexander Hunter Murray appointed him Chief Trader. Following the expulsion of the Hudson's Bay Company from Fort Yukon in 1869 after the Alaska Purchase, he attempted to trade with the Americans, but dissatisfaction led him to lead a raid on Fort Yukon. Eventually, the Alaska Commercial Company put him in charge of their trade at Fort Yukon. Nevertheless, he kept good relations with the Hudson's Bay Company, playing off the two companies to ensure maximum advantage for his people.

He is the namesake of Senati, Alaska (65.266°N, -151.183°W), an area of the middle Yukon River that was settled by the Gwichyaa Gwich’in.

title: Sahneuti


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Data General/One

The Data General/One (DG-1) was a laptop introduced in 1984 by Data General.

Description
The nine-pound battery-powered 1984 Data General/One ran MS-DOS and had dual 3.5" diskettes, a 79-key full-stroke keyboard, 128 KB to 512 KB of RAM, and a monochrome LCD screen capable of either the standard 80×25 characters or full CGA graphics (640×200). It was a laptop comparable in capabilities to desktops of the era.

History
The Data General/One offered several features in comparison with contemporary portable computers. For instance, the popular 1983 Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 100, a non-PC-compatible machine, was comparably sized. It was a small battery-operated computer resting in one's lap, but had a 40×8 character (240×64 pixel) screen, a rudimentary ROM-based menu in lieu of a full OS, and no built-in floppy. IBM's 1984 Portable PC was comparable in capability with desktops, but was not battery operable and, being much larger and heavier, was by no means a laptop.

Drawbacks
The DG-1 was only a modest success. One problem was its use of 3.5" diskettes. Popular software titles were thus not widely available (5.25" being still the standard), a serious issue since then-common diskette copy-protection schemes made it difficult for users to copy software into that format. The device achieved moderate success in a large OEM deal with Allen-Bradley, where it was private labelled as a T-45 "programming terminal" and was resold from 1987 to 1991 with thousands of units sold.

The CPU was a CMOS version of the 8086, compatible with the IBM PC's 8088 except it ran slightly slower, at 4.0 MHz instead of the standard 4.77 MHz.

Unlike the Portable PC, the DG-1 laptop could not take regular PC/XT expansion cards.

RS-232 serial ports were built-in, but the CMOS (low battery consumption) serial I-O chip available at design time, a CMOS version of the Intel 8251, was register incompatible with the 8250 serial IC standard for the IBM PC. As a result, software written for the PC serial ports would not run correctly. This required the use of software written using the relatively slower and less flexible BIOS interrupt call (014h), or software written exclusively for the DG-1.

Video memory came out of that available for the operating system; for example, if 256 KB of RAM was installed, only 204 KB might be available to the operating system and user's programs.

Although Creative Computing termed the price of US$2895 "competitive," it was a very expensive system, and usually-needed additions such as more RAM and an external 5$1/4$" drive drove the price higher yet. The styling of the product, including a bag designed by Pierre Cardin, implied a more up-market buyer than many typical PC buyers of the time.

The Data General/One also had a built-in dumb terminal emulator, suggesting an attempt to attract as customers those in organisations with large, expensive minicomputers or mainframes that would access corporate data via terminals such as the ADM-3A or Data General's own Dasher terminals (the cost of the laptop would not have seemed excessive in such situations).

The screen was this computer's other great flaw. Although unusually large, the LCD display had very low contrast and narrow viewing angle. InfoWorld stated that "the godawful screen made a better mirror than display", and PC Magazine reported that "The exchange 'Why don't you turn it on?' / 'It is on' is no joke. It happened in our offices."

An updated version of the DG-1 appeared later with a much improved electroluminescent screen. However, the light-producing display could be washed out by bright sunlight. Additionally, the new screen was power hungry and consumed so much power that the battery option was removed, thereby causing the DG-1 to lose its status as a true portable.

title: Data General/One


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Talk:Parameter covariance

When you're dealing with parameters rather than return types, it would make sense to have it going the other way: a function can be overridden such that a parameter takes a more general type. That is, you could have something like

class Shape { void doSomething(Triangle t); } class Triangle : Shape { void doSomething(Shape s); }

This makes sense and would be 'safe' in the sense that the article uses the word. That is, Triangle's doSomething overrides Shape's doSomething, and can still take any Triangle as argument as specified in Shape.

Does this have a name? And does anyone know a language that implements it? -- Smjg 17:55, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Found it! It's called contravariance. -- Smjg 18:59, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Parameter covariance


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Mark Tauscher

Mark Tauscher (born June 17, 1977) is an American former professional football player who spent his entire 11-year career as an offensive tackle for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Wisconsin Badgers. Tauscher was selected by the Packers in the seventh round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He won Super Bowl XLV with them over the Pittsburgh Steelers. He now provides studio commentary for NFL coverage on Sky Sports in Britain.

Early years
While attending Auburndale High School (Auburndale, Wisconsin), Tauscher won three varsity letters in football and baseball along with two varsity letters in basketball, and went to state for basketball in 1992-93. In football, he was a two-time All-Conference honoree, while earning Honorable Mention All-State and team MVP honors as a senior. In basketball, he won All-Conference honors. He was also a member of the National FFA Organization.

College career
Tauscher made the University of Wisconsin–Madison team as a walk-on in 1995. After seeing little action his first two years, Tauscher earned a letter in 1998 and became a starter at right tackle the following year. He contributed significantly as a blocker to Ron Dayne's Heisman Trophy-winning season in 1999. He considered not returning for his 5th year.

Green Bay Packers
During the 2000 NFL Draft, Tauscher was selected by the Packers in the seventh round with the 224th choice overall. He became a starter early in his rookie season, when long-time starter Earl Dotson suffered a back injury at Buffalo.

During the second game of the 2002 season, Tauscher suffered a sprained medial collateral ligament and a torn anterior cruciate ligament. As a result, he underwent surgery and missed the rest of the season. He made a successful comeback, however, and started every game since his return in 2003. However, his streak would come to an end during the 13th game of the 2008 season vs the Houston Texans. Tauscher suffered a torn anterior cruciate ligament and missed the remaining three games of the season.

After the 2008 season was over, Tauscher became an unrestricted free agent. Tauscher worked out for the Kansas City Chiefs but the Packers eventually re-signed him four games into the 2009 season due to the Packers offensive line struggling to protect quarterback Aaron Rodgers. He became a free agent after the season again, but re-signed with the Packers on March 14, 2010.

Tauscher started at Right Tackle in the Packers' first four games of the 2010 season until he suffered a shoulder injury in a Week 4 matchup against the Detroit Lions. He was placed on injured reserve on November 12, 2010.

Tauscher was named Packers' 2008 Walter Payton Man of the Year and voted Packers' 2008 Ed Block Courage Award winner.

He was released by the team on July 29, 2011.

Tauscher was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame on July 21, 2018.

Sports broadcasting
Tauscher provides commentary and analysis on both the Wisconsin Badgers football radio network and the Green Bay Packers radio network. He co-hosts Wilde & Tausch, a Packers centric sports talk show with Jason (Jay Bird) Wilde and appears twice weekly on WKTI radio in Milwaukee during the football season.

Personal life
Tauscher founded the Trifecta Foundation which stands for Tauscher's Reading Initiative For Every Child to Achieve. He states that he found reading to be very challenging as a young child and credits a third grade teacher and a Pizza Hut "Book It" program with helping build his confidence.

Tauscher married Sarah Helgeson, in early 2009. The couple resides in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin.

Tauscher plays USTA tennis for the Madison Area League Tennis (MALT) division.

title: Mark Tauscher


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Raul Eugenio Tadeo

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete Zzyzx11 (Talk) 05:09, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Raul Eugenio Tadeo
Vanity page by a student; probably not a candidate for speedy deletion, but not much use nonetheless. Shimgray 17:56, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Says he's a "professional drawer and ... nothing else".  Non-notable. --Idont Havaname 20:34, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. --Etacar11 23:18, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 09:50, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and nothing else. --Gmaxwell 07:54, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Category:Essential oils

This category includes all essential oils such as Tea tree oil, obtained by distillation from plant materials. It does not include specific constituents of those oils (e.g., limonene)- these should be listed under the appropriate sub-category of Category:Organic compounds.

title: Category:Essential oils


text:
User:Jonwatson

Jon Watson

--Jonwatson 17:59, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Jonwatson


text:
Talk:Cuisine of New England

Old Bay
Please try to fit in a mention of Old Bay Seasoning. On the west coast of the US, we've never heard of this stuff. I was surprised when the Northeast, and ordering french fries, to be asked, "you want regular or old bay"? ike9898 17:58, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * Old Bay Seasoning is really used in and around the Chesapeake Bay, especially for seasoning steamed crabs and vegetables, in fine restaurants and also at home. Old Bay is also known for its excellent crab, tuna and salmon cake mixes.  Only in recent years have Old Bay seasonings become popular in New England.
 * Each region of the United States which has seafood as part of everyday life uses different seasonings. In New Orleans, for example, Zatairains, a food company native to New Orleans, is the primary commercially-available seafood seasoning, particularly its seafood boil seasonings and packaged seasonings (mixes) for crab, tuna and salmon cake mixes.  A major flavoring ingredient, which New Orleanians call, "seasoning" and is found in the Zatairains seafood mixes, is clam juice. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.3.85.41 (talk) 01:04, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

 * While I love me some Old Bay, it is not typical of New England. As the Wikipedia article for the stuff makes clear, it is produced in Maryland and is most associated with that area, in particular it's use on boiled Chesapeake Bay Blue Crabs.  So, although it's great stuff, it's not really appropriate to be listed in this article on New England. -- Friejose (talk) 21:33, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

Moxie
Much as I love Farmington, Moxie has nothing to do with the town. It was originally created in Lowell, Mass (as a patent medicine) but it has gained much more fame from Lisbon Falls' Moxiefest. Due to that, I'm not sure which location to use. ~ RagingZangetsu 02:23, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

New England boiled dinner
If I trust the Corned Beef and Cabbage wiki article, then this dish is not of Irish heritage, and New England boiled dinner, to my personal and referenced knowledge, is much more than corned beef and cabbage. --Dumarest 12:01, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * There's also corned beef and dandelion greens...--75.68.233.187 16:26, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

 * There's also New England Boiled dinner made with ham instead of corned beef. Chefette1313 (talk) 03:04, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

I take issue with this Article
CT's cuisine is not a "New England" cusine, it is a CT thing influenced by near-by NYC. I wish you Boston propagandists would stop trying to make up something that does not exist. Is New Haven pizza really a New England thing or a NYC immigrant thing? Think before assuming. I keep telling you people that CT is NOT New England styled, we are NYC styled.--71.235.81.39 22:54, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I think you meant to say "New Jersey is New York styled." Connecticut is a New England state. The 6 New England states are Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachussetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. see New England — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.105.93.166 (talk) 03:53, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

 * As an Italian from the New Haven area who worked in a New Haven-style pizza restaurant for years and is well familiar with New York-style pizza, I think I can say pretty definitively that the top post is wrong. New Haven-style pizza is its own thing.  It originated from immigrants who settled in Connecticut directly after leaving Italy.  They didn't just jump the border into Connecticut from New York, and quite a few of the restaurant owners are very recent immigrants from Naples, Italy, who make their pizza based on how they made it back home. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.233.24.88 (talk) 18:10, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Seriously. Connecticut is part of New England.  No one cares how much you whine and want it to be part of New York.  Thus, anything IN Connecticut contributes to New England Cuisine.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cad2222 (talk • contribs) 04:38, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

 * As another New Haven resident (but not an Italian, although I do enjoy your pizza), the anonymous poster who "takes issue with this article" could not be more wrong. New Haven -- but a train's ride from New York City -- is a part of New England. There are a lot of New York transplants in Southern Connecticut, but most people identity with New England, even if they don't identify with Boston in particular.
 * New Yorkers themselves see Connecticut as part of New England -- which it is, in an integral, historical, cultural, factual sense. --71.235.239.166 (talk) 23:30, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

Cabot Creamery
I added Cabot Creamery to Vermont staples, since I think it epitomizes the Vermont dairy industry as much or more as B&J. Especially since it's won so many cheese awards.--Sailor Titan 16:27, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

Bell's Seasoning
I miss in the article any mention on Bell's Seasoning "The William G. Bell Co. Since 1867". A blend of rosemary, oregano, sage, ginger, marjoram, thyme and pepper. jmcw (talk) 08:54, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

Subway
It's not called a sub in reference to subway. It's called a sub as a shortening for submarine. Subway took their name from the northeastern slang for a sandwich, not the other way around.

Edited to remove that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.165.67.32 (talk) 20:33, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

Portsmouth Orange Cake
Is this legit? Is it still extant? Or was it famous only in colonial times? Any sources possible? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.6.216.65 (talk) 06:59, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

No Scrod
I think the mention of scrod should be removed from the list of typical foods. It's served in many restaurants, yes, but most natives won't eat it--it's pretty much restaurant slang for "junk fish." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.233.24.88 (talk) 18:10, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Hey, man, don't dis' the poor man's cod. --71.235.239.166 (talk) 23:32, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

Frappe vs milkshake
Before McDonalds straightened everything out, if you ordered a "milkshake" in northern Vermont (I can't speak for the rest of NE), the waitress would take a glass of milk, and spoon in some ice cream. There were no blenders! If you wanted what the rest of the country called a "milkshake", you had best order a "frappe!" McDs, of course, has changed all of this and the distinction is lost today. Student7 (talk) 12:46, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

Smuttynose
The problem with entering "any food/beverage production place with an article" is that the article could be jammed with, essentially promo WP:PR links. Smuttynose is a local microbrewery, perhaps barely known in NY outside of New England.

But whatever. The links should be for chains/food producers that are known elsewhere than New England. Within the region is insufficient. Smuttynose shouldn't really be there IMO. Student7 (talk) 02:34, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

Maple syrup
An editor correctly asked for a citation about Vermont having the "best" maple syrup. I could not find one. I am "pretty sure" that there is a higher percentage of "grade a fancy light" syrup produced in Vt than anywhere, but not sure where that gets me for this article. A bit obscure, even if I could find ref. Please replace claim if you can find a citation. Student7 (talk) 20:44, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I used to make maple syrup. The grades have nothing to do with the quality, per se. It's about color and consistency. Some people prefer darker syrups, which are by definition not "Grade A." It will be hard to find an unbiased "best" reference, considering that maple syrup is not something that many people feel passionate about. On the other hand, there is probably something to be said for per capita production being higher in Vermont than elsewhere, and for the fact that Vermont has special laws protecting the naming and branding of maple syrup. (The state's in the process of suing McDonald's for using the expression "natural maple syrup" on a product that is not, by Vermont standards, maple syrup.) --TimothyDexter (talk) 00:52, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

Hoagies
The editor may be correct about hoagies not being used in the area generally, but there several shops named (and selling) "Hoagies" in a rural area in northeastern Vermont, of all places. Not a trendy section of NE! Not sure where they got if from. Philadelphia? Wow. I don't know. Long ways from there. Student7 (talk) 23:09, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

Photos
This page could do with more photos? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.126.210.99 (talk) 06:55, 20 October 2011 (UTC)

Union Oyster House the oldest restaurant in the country?
The White Horse Tavern in Rhode Island has been operating as a pub/restaurant since the 1600s. How factual is the claim that the Union Oyster House is the oldest?

http://www.whitehorsenewport.com/about/history/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.66.231.29 (talk) 22:33, 18 November 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Dunkin Donuts
Excuse me, how does one talk about cuisine of New England without a mention of Dunkin Donuts??? Theclownfromit (talk) 00:29, 16 September 2020 (UTC)

The Thanksgiving Lie? In 2022?
Surely by now we have all learned that "the first Thanksgiving" as the myth is told, with Pilgrim immigrants cordially inviting local citizens to sit down together for a meal is absolutely not at all how it actually went down. This myth has been dispelled for a long time now. So why is it still in this article? 203.71.145.200 (talk) 07:56, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cuisine of New England


text:
Talk:Bookmaker

commission?
 The bookmaker does not generally attempt to make money from the bets themselves, but rather profiting from the event regardless of the outcome.

This phrase implies the presences of a betting fee, similar to stock trading fees payed to stock brokers, but does not explicitly mention such a fee.

Being ignorant of gambling myself I am loath to touch the actual article text. Funkyj 17:57, 2005 May 31 (UTC)

With a traditional bookmakers, there is no betting fee - by 'profiting from the event', what is meant is the profit arising from surplus remaining to the bookie from all the non-returned stakes on the losing horse/team/outcome, once all the winners have been paid their winnings and had their stakes returned.

To put it another way, the bookies are gambling against the punters, not on the event itself. The punter is betting on x to occur. The bookie is betting the punter is wrong - they're not betting on x itself, as such.

However, the online betting exchanges do take a commission. This is because of the 'service' they provide, in which they cut out the middleman, the bookie, by putting 'Backers' directly in touch with 'Layers' (q.v.). Consequently, they make no money from the event, but nor are they betting against the punter. Online, punters are betting directly against other punters. Online betting exchanges therefore make their money from the activity surrounding the event, rather than the event itself.

--Paulredfern1 12:53, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Back and Lay?
The article mentions "Back and Lay bets". Since this is not explained anywhere, could this be expanded (or wikified, if I've missed the article)? 81.134.176.76 23:02, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

A 'Back' bet is what you, the punter, traditionally make. You back a horse to come in at 10/1. In UK or Ireland, what happens next is you hand your stake, say £1, over to your bookie for 'safekeeping' - because, as the article says, gambling debts were, historically, unenforceable under the provisions of 1845 & 1892 UK Gaming Acts, which also form the bases of gambling law in Ireland, Australia, NZ, Singapore and parts of Canada (esp. Ontario), Jamaica &, no doubt, other Commonwealth countries also. These provisions were repealed in the UK with the passage of the 2005 Gambling Act, which comes into force this year (2007 ), but I do not know what is the current position on the enforceability of gambling debts in these other countries.

The bookie records the event in his book and gives you a receipt (betting stub). If your horse does come in first, you present your stub to your bookie, who returns you your £1 stake, plus £10 of his 'own' money (in reality, £10 taken from the money staked by those who backed the losing horses). If the horse loses - and most do - the bookie adds your stake to the pile of all the other losers' stakes, and looks forward to a fat cigar at the end of the day's racing (we're ignoring each-way - place - betting here for ease of exposition).

What the bookie is doing is 'Laying', i.e., he is laying odds of 10/1 against the horse winning. In this traditional scenario, only the bookie 'lays'.

Now, however, many of the online betting exchanges mentioned in this fine article, offer the punter the opportunity effectively to act as bookies. In other words, when you 'Lay' bet online, you bet that the horse won't win: you put up your £1 stake together with the odds you are offering against the possibility that the horse will win (though of course your own odds will be governed by what all the other 'Layers' are offering - it is a market after all), and hope that someone will find your odds attractive enough to tempt them to match your stake, by putting up £1 of their own. If the horse doesn't win, you keep their stake (their £1). If it does win at, again, say, 10/1, you owe your opponent in the betting ring their £1 plus £10 of your own:

If I wanted to back a horse at odds of 4/1 and I wanted to put €43 on it, then I am risking losing my €43 for a potential gain of €172.

''Now, for laying, think of being on the other side of the above transaction. Someone else is going to risk their €43 for a potential gain of €172 and we are going to accommodate them. That's what laying is. So I lay the horse at odds of 4/1 for a stake of €43, which means I have a potential gain of €43 but a risk of losing €172. The odds don't affect what I might gain by laying, only what I might lose.''

Now why would you want to enter into a bet where your potential gain is much less than your potential loss? Well, in placing a 'Lay' bet, essentially you've become a bookie, and there aren't many poor bookies in my experience! In a 10 horse race, only one is going to win. You just have to hope it's not the one you've laid against.

Is it worth it? Depends on the odds and the situation.

If you're dead certain 'Red Paul's Hope' is going to thrash the field of 10, despite its odds of 10/1 against, you'd be better off putting £1 on 'Red Paul's Hope' to win, rather than laying £1 against every other horse in the field. On the other hand, if everyone else is equally dead certain that 'Red Paul's Hope' is the one that will win, then the odds against its winning are going to tumble. If the odds on 'Red Paul's Hope' ended up at 1/10 (10 to 1 'on' in betting parlance) in the markets (so that you'd have to put up £10 to get £1 back), then laying against the other horses may make more sense - providing you can find anyone willing, as they say in the British Isles, to "oppose" 'Red Paul's Hope', by betting on some other horse to win the race.

So that's the principle. Now I should say that extending to the punter the ability to bet on a horse - or on any other event - to lose, rather than to win, has provoked a lot of disquiet; as the Kieron Fallon case demonstrates (the then UK Champion jockey Kieron Fallon, along with jockeys Fergal Lynch and Darren Williams, was arrested and charged in September 2004, over allegations of race-fixing and plotting to defraud Betfair customers by ensuring that horses lost races between December 2002 and September 2004 Kieren_Fallon ).

Even in one-on-one contests such as a football or a boxing match, betting on x to win is not the same as betting on y to lose: even if the inevitable result of x winning is that y loses, the odds that y wins are generally not the inverse of x losing. Odds of 6/4 x to win vs 9/5 y to win are fairly typical in football betting. So, in outlining the bases for this disquiet, I do not think that it is an unacceptable POV to state that it is a widely held belief that to enter into a bet that x loses is inevitably to introduce a greater temptation to dishonesty than it is to bet on on y to win (cf. Bet_exchange). It is a widely held opinion with the racing world that punters' - and stables' in particular - ability to make 'lay bets' is responsible for the scandal surrounding Mr Fallon.

Bookies, who are betting on horses/teams/athletes to lose, generally are honest: as the article says, they are essentially actuaries (if with more exciting lives), which means that they know that the odds are with them so that they're going to make (a lot) more money than they lose over the course of a race meeting or season. But they are also kept honest by stringent regulations and the sanction of losing their licences (which means their livelihoods) if they are associated with anything less than honesty.

Punters on the betting exchanges are subject to no comparable degree of scrutiny and sanction and may only ever be seeking to land a one-off 'coup'. Horses, in particular, are inherently unpredictable creatures, do lose for all sorts of inexplicable reasons and sins of omission (such as not trying quite hard enough to win) are a lot easier to disguise than sins of commission. The exchanges do monitor 'unusual' activity and can, and do, notify the relevant authorities of this, withdraw betting privileges etc. (cf. Bet_exchange for a wikified discussion of this), but clearly they cannot exercise anything like the scrutiny and sanction that the Horserace Betting Levy Board (or its Irish equivalent, the Irish Horseracing Authority) can exercise over UK or Irish bookmakers, and an illegal 'coup' may only be discovered long after the miscreants have made off with their ill-gotten gains. Even then, as the Kieron Fallon case, which is dragging on into its 3rd year, confirms, it is very hard to prove wrongdoing. It should go without saying that Mr Fallon remains innocent until he should ever be proven guilty. Nonetheless, it is the Fallon case in particular which is immediate source of the disquiet surrounding the availability of 'Lay' bets to the punter via the betting exchanges.

'Honest' Paul --Paulredfern1 11:45, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

i think a quicker explanation is that a 'back' bet is putting money on an event to happen, ie a horse to win; while a 'lay' bet is on an outcome NOT to happen, ie a horse losing a race. if you walk into a bookies and back a horse to win a race, in effect the bookmaker is laying a bet on that horse not to win. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.71.208.181 (talk) 13:25, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Rules and regulations UK
I remember watching a BBC documentary on the history of UK gambling law and it stated that when bookmakers were first allowed they were regulated with some unusual requirements: They were not allowed to provide padded seats, could not make the place 'welcoming' and I think they were not allowed customer toilets. This was, according to the documentary, all part of regulation's plan to make bookmakers a place that someone would go to make a bet, but not stay for the afternoon. Obviously these laws have since been relaxed. If people think this is worthy of addition I may try and track down a source to back up my memory. ny156uk 09:35, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

That was the Betting & Gaming Act of 1961, which legalised off-track betting in the UK. The Treasury got a cut of the profits (9%), but left it up to the punter to decide whether to have the tax placed on the stake, or on the winnings (no tax was liable on on-course betting). This laid a trap for the novice punter: by asking for the tax to be paid out of the winnings (i.e., only if the horse won, in order no doubt to try to avoid paying the tax at all), effectively you were stating you didn't believe your horse could win - so why place the bet at all?!! The current Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, abolished the betting tax in 1999. I think it was the Lotteries Act of 1975 that relaxed the restrictions on provision of food and drink, and toilets, but even so, food and drinks provision remain limited to snack and (non-alchoholic) beverage dispensers. The 2005 Act, which is yet to be fully implemented, will further relax these provisions. The 2005 Act also repeals the 1710 Act, aspects of which, apparently, are still in force!

As a matter of interest, it has traditionally been the racecourse owners and on-track bookies who have opposed these relaxations, thus finding themselves in odd alliances with many churches, who view gambling, and alchohol, as a sin. However the formers' (the racecourse owners' and on-track bookies') objections have been based on the fear that improving off-track betting facilities, in addition to the removal of the off-track betting tax, will lead to a decline in attendances at the track.

--Paulredfern1 13:18, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

POV
A lot of this is POV.

This article seems decidedly UK-focused. A more generic discussion of bookmaking would be more appropriate.

Betterbet
I was interested to read what's said about Betterbet. Does that mean that Betterbet don't run any owned shops, that they're in fact running a franchise? I'm interested to learn more about the company. Can anyone help? hjuk 23:55, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

canadian lottery regulatory body(ies)
i am very much willing to be corrected regarding my input to this point in the general topic, however i feel it necessary to point out that canadas state-controlled gaming industry is run by a number of regional commissions.

they are actually known as:

* Atlantic Lottery Corporation * British Columbia Lottery Corporation * Loto-Québec * Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation * Western Canada Lottery Corporation

sport select, and its various incarnations are simply products offered by these local regulatory bodies, in addition to more generic regional and national lotteries, plus 'scratch-and-win' style lottery tickets.

no ??

66.222.236.219 (talk) 19:25, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

one additional canadian regulatory board
oops !!

i guess one can always be more thorough in their researching a point, which is a lesson fully in effect re: all my additions to this discussion page, even after this addendum (sheepish ...).

in listing the aforementioned provincial entities, i neglected to include their parent figure in canada, namely:

* Interprovincial Lottery Corporation

see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery#Lottery_in_Canada

go on, tear me to shreds. maybe i'll learn something new !! ;^)

66.222.236.219 (talk) 23:26, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

'Booky' redirect
I understand "bookie" being redirected to this article but "booky" should be redirected to My Booky Wook. It's clear that this is the intended destination of the search term. The lack of betting Google Adword ads is also telling. Hazir (talk) 07:41, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

Range of Events
This section needs lots of work.

''Most bookmakers in the United States bet merely on college and professional sports, though in the United Kingdom they offer a wider range of bets, including each-way betting on golf, football and tennis, and especially horse racing and greyhound events. They also specialize in novelty events such as betting the probability that it will snow on Christmas Day, the outcome of political elections and reality television contests such as I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!, Big Brother and The X Factor, or that aliens will be found on Mars.[citation needed]''

 * There's no such thing as 'bookmakers in the United States'. There are only Casino-based Nevada sportsbooks.

 * Sportsbooks do not 'bet merely on [US] college and professional sports' and UK bookmakers do not offer a 'wider range of bets'.

I'm going to have a try at rewriting this section but just wanted to inform other WP members of my rationale. Hazir (talk) 03:47, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

Opinion
"Betting exchanges are universally disliked by the traditional bookmaker." Patently not true, at least not anymore. Most bookmakers now incorporate Betfair and other exchanges into their activities and use it as an online outlet for thier activities. If opinion-based statements like this appear in an article then at the least a citation should be required. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.22.83.74 (talk) 06:59, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I've changed it to "Betting exchanges compete with traditional bookmakers" and moved the para up, since the one following suggests in more details the way traditional bookmakers use them and so are not, at least in that sense, disliked by them. Si Trew (talk) 13:29, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

TAB
Australian TABs (Totalizer Agency Boards) are not one singular authority. They are state based and a mixture of government and privatised agencies. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.22.83.74 (talk) 07:01, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I've pluralised it and changed it to "state-run agencies". I suppose that's not true if they're privatised, "state-governed agencies" might be better. Si Trew (talk) 13:28, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

Western Australian challenge of Betfair's operation
Here's a citation for legal decision from the Western Australian challenge of Betfair's operation in that state (if it's needed)

http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2008/11.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.22.83.75 (talk) 06:32, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Removing statement
I am removing the statement "Bets are also taken via phones, using email and SMS text messages, though poker and other sports are more suited to other media. As technology moves on, the gambling world ensures it is a major player in new technology operations." In theory, discussion of mobile betting via SMS or email would be a relevant addition to this page but this statement isn't it. The "citation" is an attempt at advertising and the rest of the statement is uncited. "Poker and other sports are more suited to other media", according to whom? In what way? "As technology moves on" is a filler expression, and the rest of the claim is vague: who is "the gambling world"? What are "new technology operations"? SMS and email are unlikely to be considered new. How are they "ensuring" anything and what does it mean to be a "major player"? &c. &c. I'm only noting it here because IPs keep reverting edits to this section. - Procyonidae (talk) 17:44, 8 November 2022 (UTC) Procyonidae (talk) 17:44, 8 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bookmaker


text:
Creative Computing (magazine)

Creative Computing was one of the earliest magazines covering the microcomputer revolution. Published from October 1974 until December 1985, the magazine covered the spectrum of hobbyist/home/personal computing in a more accessible format than the rather technically oriented Byte.

The magazine was created to cover educational-related topics. Early issues include articles on the use of computers in the classroom, various simple programs like madlibs and various programming challenges, mostly in BASIC. By the late 1970s, it had moved towards more general coverage as the microcomputer market emerged. Hardware coverage became more common, but type-in programs remained common into the early 1980s.

The company published several books, the most successful being BASIC Computer Games, the first million-selling computer book. Their Best of Creative Computing collections were also popular. Creative Computing also published software on cassette and floppy disk for the popular computer systems of the time and had a small hardware business.

Ziff Davis purchased Creative Computing in 1982 and closed the non-magazine endeavors.

DEC and Edu
Prior to starting Creative Computing, in the early 1970s David H. Ahl was working in the educational department of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) where he started publication of their Edu newsletter in the spring of 1971. At the time, DEC had an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 machines being used in educational settings, so he was surprised to find the number of subscribers reach 20,000 after 18 months. He found that many subscribers did not have a DEC machine but were using Edu as a source of general information on computers in educational settings. This began his earliest thoughts about a non-DEC magazine aimed at this market.

On 22 February 1973, Ahl was let go during a downsizing at DEC. Even before he received his last paycheck, he was hired by a different department to help develop new low-end versions of the DEC minicomputer line. During this period he collected many user submissions to Edu and convinced DEC to publish 101 BASIC Computer Games in the summer of 1973. This was a hit, eventually selling over 10,000 copies in three publishing runs in July 1973, April 1974, and March 1975.

By 1974, the team had produced two new designs, a PDP-8 combined with a VT50 terminal, and a briefcase-sized version of the PDP-8 with a small floppy disk that would be used with an external computer terminal. Other divisions within DEC saw these inexpensive machines as a threat to their own products and agitated against them, causing debates that eventually worked their way to the CEO. When the new designs were personally canceled by Ken Olsen with the statement that "I can't see any reason that anyone would want a computer of his own" Ahl quit DEC and took a position at AT&T.

Formation
It was at this point that Ahl decided to move ahead with the educational-focused magazine. Reasoning that the educational market would be of interest to public foundations and many companies, Ahl sent funding proposals to over a hundred companies and received nothing. Instead, he used his own funds to print 11,000 copies of a flier that he sent to Hewlett-Packard and other minicomputer vendors, which resulted in 850 subscriptions to a magazine that did not even exist yet.

Instead of printing 850 copies, Ahl split the subscription money in two; he kept one half for future operations, and used the other half to print as many copies of the new magazine as he could. This allowed for the printing of 8,000 copies of the first edition, which were completed on 7 October 1974. The subscribers were sent their copies first, but the rest were sent for free to a wide variety of companies, libraries and schools. He followed the same pattern for the next three issues. The trick worked, and subscriptions began to pour in. During this period the magazine was based in Morristown, New Jersey.

Growth

By August 1975 the magazine had 2,500 subscribers. In January, the Altair 8800 had been announced and Ahl began looking for new authors who could write for the exploding microcomputer market. By 1976 the content was roughly split between the education and microcomputing market. At that point, the magazine started actively looking for advertisers and the November/December 1976 issue was the first to be printed on coated paper rather than newsprint to provide better quality ads.

By 1978 the subscriptions hit 60,000, and revenue was approaching $1 million. In July 1978, Ahl quit his position at AT&T to work at Creative Computing full time. This caused friction with his wife. In August, they purchased ROM magazine and two smaller newsletters and combined their content into the magazine. In January 1979, the magazine went monthly from bimonthly.

By 1979 the magazine had outgrown the single-family home it was being run from, and Ahl looked for a larger duplex home that would allow him to live with his wife in one half and run the magazine from the other. It was at this time that Regis McKenna, the advertising company handling Apple Computer, was asked to pay an overdue advertising bill. The company provided a canceled check proving they had already done so. When they began tracking it down, the police were called and found that two people in the company had embezzled $100,000 by sending some incoming cheques to their own account at a different bank. This was only discovered because one of the conspirators had forgotten to mark the bill with McKenna as paid, causing a second invoice to be sent out.

When she was told the story, Ahl's wife had enough and kicked him out of the house pending a divorce. He moved into the only unused room in the other side of the building. During this time, Ted Nelson, known for the invention of hypertext, was briefly the editor. Nelson would arrive at 5 pm and work all night, waking Ahl in the bedroom when he started printing on a Qume daisy wheel printer. In October 1980 the company moved to a much larger 25,000 sqft office building.

Through this period, featured writers included Robert Swirsky, David Lubar, and John J. Anderson. The magazine regularly included BASIC source code for utility programs and games, which users could manually enter into their home computers. The April issues, starting in 1980, became famous for their parodies of the major computer magazines of the time.

Ziff-Davis
Larger publishers began taking note of the computer market. A watershed moment was in 1979 when McGraw-Hill purchased Byte. By 1982, most of the quality magazines had been purchased and only a few large ones remained independent, including Compute!, Interface Age, Family Computing and Creative Computing.

Realizing they were being pushed out of the market due to the huge budgets and marketing power of these major players, in 1982 Ahl approached several potential buyers, including Atari, CBS and Ziff-Davis. In 1982 Ahl sold the company to Ziff-Davis, which at that time published 28 different magazines. Ahl remained the Editor-in-Chief. The magazine moved to Los Angeles, California. At their peak, the magazine reached about 500,000 subscriptions.

Through the early 1980s, and especially with the launch of the IBM PC, the market began to shift from a hobby-and-educational oriented one to more and more business applications. Ziff quickly shifted the focus of the magazine to be more software-oriented, and the programming articles disappeared shortly after the sale. This attempt to refocus on business computing was not successful, and when Bill Ziff had a cancer scare in 1985 he began concentrating his businesses, selling off many of the specialty magazines. Ziff ultimately ceased publication of Creative Computing in December 1985.

Other magazines
The company also began publication of several other magazines at different times, but none of these were very successful and tended to have very short production runs. Among these were Small Business Computing, Sync Magazine for the ZX81, and Video and Arcade Games.

Books
The company also published several books. Among these were three volumes of The Best of Creative Computing Magazine (Creative Computing Press) in 1976, 1977, and 1980. The cover of volume 2 was illustrated by underground cartoonist Gilbert Shelton. 101 BASIC Computer Games was ported to Microsoft BASIC and published in 1978 as BASIC Computer Games. It became the first million-selling computer book. This was followed by More BASIC Computer Games in 1979.

It also published the first The Best of Byte collection, in spite of being friendly competitors with Byte. The relationship ended with the McGraw-Hill purchase.

Software
A number of home computer games were published under the Sensational Software banner, also known as Creative Computing Software. Their best seller was a version of Space Invaders for the Apple II. Ziff-Davis closed the division as they felt it competed with their advertisers.

Titles included:
 * Air Traffic Controller (1979)
 * Released on cassette for the TRS-80 and Apple II.
 * Space Games-3 (1980) CS-3002
 * A collection of 4 games, containing Ultratrek, Romulan, Starwars, Starlanes; released on cassette for the TRS-80.
 * Space and Sport Games (1980)
 * A collection of 9 games, with 3 space games amongst them. Released on diskette for the Apple II.
 * Super Invasion/Spacewar (1980)
 * A collection of 2 games, containing Super Invasion and Spacewar; released on diskette for the Apple II.
 * Action & Bumping Games (1981)
 * A collection of 6 games, containing Bumper Blocks, Obstacle Course, Hustle Jr., Moto Jump, Mine Rover, Road Machine; released on diskette for the Apple II.
 * Milestones (1981)
 * Released on cassette and diskette for the Apple II.
 * Micro Golf (1981)

Hardware
The company briefly sold hardware under the Peripherals Plus brand. The main product was a music card for the Apple II, and they offered a plotter and other products. Ziff closed this division as well.

title: Creative Computing (magazine)


text:
Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999

The Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA, 1999; Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement (1999)) is an act of the 36th Parliament of Canada, whose goal is to contribute to sustainable development through pollution prevention and to protect the environment, human life and health from the risks associated with toxic substances. It covers a diversity of activities that can affect human health and the environment, and acts to address any pollution issues not covered by other federal laws. As such, the act is a "catch all" piece of legislation that ensures potentially toxic substances are not inadvertently exempt from federal oversight as a result of unforeseen legislative loopholes.

The act also recognizes the contribution of pollution prevention and the management and control of toxic substances and hazardous waste to reducing threats to Canada's ecosystems and biological diversity.

It acknowledges, for the first time, the need to virtually eliminate the most persistent toxic substances that remain in the environment for extended periods of time before breaking down and bioaccumulative toxic substances that accumulate within living organisms.

Two federal ministries, Health Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada as they were known in 2022, work in partnership to assess potentially toxic substances and to develop regulations to control toxic substances.

Section 93 of the act provides the authority to the federal government to make regulations to restrict and manage the Canadian List of Toxic Substances (LOTS). Toxic substances have characteristics outlined in Section 64. Once a regulation is proposed, interested parties have 60 days to provide comments on the proposed instrument or may file a notice of objection requesting that a board of review be established.

History
The act was originally enacted in 1988 and was designed to provide a systematic approach to assess and manage chemical substances in the environment that were not addressed under existing programs.

In 1990 with SOR/90-583: Ozone-depleting Substances Regulations No. 2 (certain bromofluorocarbons) were added to the LOTS.

In 1997 the Supreme Court of Canada adjudicated the case of R. v. Hydro-Québec, by which an attempt was made to enforce the CEPA in the matter of poly-chlorinated biphenyls as a large quantity of said substances had been dumped into a stream by the respondent. Justices Gérard La Forest, Claire L'Heureux-Dubé, Charles Gonthier, Peter Cory and Beverley McLachlin held that "the environment is not, as such, a subject matter of legislation under the Constitution Act, 1867. Rather, it is a diffuse subject that cuts across many different areas of constitutional responsibility, some federal, some provincial. If a provision relating to the environment in pith and substance falls within the parameters of any power assigned to the body that enacted the legislation, then it is constitutionally valid." The fines were upheld and the CEPA was deemed valid legislation under the criminal law power.

After being reviewed in the 1990s, it was replaced by the current legislation that provides new powers for health and environmental protection. It was introduced by the 26th Canadian Ministry as Bill C-32 on March 12, 1998, subsequently receiving royal assent on September 14, 1999. The act came into force on March 31, 2000.

As a Canadian statute, the act is unique for including a declaration of "primary purpose" in addition to a preamble.

On April 23, 2021, the LOTS was amended by regulation to include plastic manufactured items, in advance of the June 20, 2022, regulation for the Canadian ban on single-use plastics (SUP),    which was introduced by the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Steven Guilbeault. The SUP ban included such items as straws, takeout containers, grocery bags, cutlery, stir sticks and plastic rings.

The act received ENVI committee attention in 2021 because of Volkswagen Dieselgate.

As of July 2022, the act had received 13 amendments over its quarter-century existence.

Toxic substances
Toxic substances have characteristics outlined in Section 64 of the CEPA. Once a regulation is proposed, interested parties have 60 days to provide comments on the proposed instrument or may file a notice of objection requesting that a Board of Review be established.

A useful case study for process of addition to the list is discovered by the travels of microplastic beads: The end of the public input process occurred on March 10, 2016; they were added to the LOTS on June 29; on November 5 proposed regulations on their uses were put forth for public comment; on June 14, 2017, final regulations were published; and on July 1, 2018, the manufacture and import of all toiletries that contain plastic microbeads were prohibited.

New substances
All new substances must be evaluated for human health and environmental risks before they can be manufactured or imported into Canada. Responsibility for these evaluations is shared between Environment Canada and Health Canada and is administered by the New Substances Program, which administers regulations relating to the notification of new substances into the environment.

Existing substances
Existing substances include all 23,000 substances that were in use in Canada prior to the establishment of the New Substances Notification Program, and they are all listed on the Domestic Substances List (DSL). The act required systematic screening of these substances, a process that was completed in September 2006, which led to the development of the Chemicals Management Plan.

Biotechnology
The 23,000 existing substances on the DSL included 67 microbial strains and 2 complex microbial cultures. These substances were subject to a separate prioritization assessment and accordingly evaluated.

Health Canada and Environment Canada share responsibility for conducting risk assessments of new biotechnology products (including micro-organisms) that are not subject to a pre-manufacture toxicity assessment under other federal legislation. Under the act, both naturally occurring and genetically modified organisms are evaluated under the New Substances Notification Regulations (Organisms).

Risk assessment decisions are summarized and posted publicly.

Bill S-5
On May 30, 2023, the House of Commons passed Bill S-5, the first major update to CEPA since 1999. Viewed by the David Suzuki Foundation as "long overdue important progress", Bill S-5 addresses some, but not all, of the 87 recommendations to strengthen CEPA made by a 2017 parliamentary review.

For the first time in Canadian history, the bill recognizes the right to a healthy environment. The bill additionally highlights fracking and tailings ponds as particular areas of concern, granting the government more authority to request information on substances released from these processes. Moreover, Bill S-5 requires the offices of the Minister of Environment and the Minister of Health to compile a 'watch list' of substances which have either not been assessed yet, or are not in widespread use, but have the potential to be deemed 'toxic' and consequently subjected to potential regulation.

Bill S-5 also adds various accountability mechanisms within CEPA that were previously lacking, such as the creation of a two-year windows in which a potential toxic chemical or substance must be assessed.

Bill S-5 also amends CEPA to encourage "the development and timely incorporation" of substance testing methods alternative to those involving vertebrate animals. The government is also required to develop a plan, within two years, to 'encourage' and facilitate this transition.

Bill S-5 received royal assent on June 13, 2023.

Enforcement, penalties and prosecution
Enforcement activities related to the act can include:
 * warnings regarding the existence of a violation so that the alleged offender can act and return to compliance;
 * directions to deal with or to prevent illegal releases of regulated substances;
 * tickets for offences (e.g. failure to submit written reports);
 * various orders (e.g. prohibition orders, orders to recall illegal substances or products from the marketplace, environmental protection compliance orders to put an immediate stop to illegal activity) to prevent a violation from occurring or require action to be taken;
 * injunctions;
 * prosecution under the authority of a Crown prosecutor; and
 * environmental protection alternative measures. REHANT

Environmental Enforcement Act
Fines under the Environmental Enforcement Act (EEA) range from $5,000 to $6,000,000. The EEA applies to offences under CEPA 1999. The EEA also allows the enforcement officers to arrest a person without warrant, to seize or detain items related to a CEPA 1999 offence or related evidence, and to detain or redirect ships suspected of an offence. Convictions or indictments under the EEA can also result in imprisonment up to three years. Prosecutions under CEPA 1999 are listed on Environment Canada's website.

Selected regulations

 * Prohibition of Certain Toxic Substances Regulations
 * Prohibition of Asbestos and Products Containing Asbestos Regulations
 * Canadian Toys Regulation
 * Health Canada Medical Device Licensing
 * Canadian Phthalates Regulations (SOR/2016-188)
 * Products Containing Mercury Regulations


text:
The Don CeSar

 The Don CeSar is a hotel located in St. Pete Beach, Florida. Developed by Thomas Rowe and opened in 1928, it gained renown as the Gulf playground for America's pampered rich at the height of the Jazz Age. The hotel was designed by Henry H. Dupont. The Don CeSar is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

Construction
In 1924, Thomas Rowe purchased 80 acre of land in St. Petersburg, Florida for $100,000 to begin his dream of building a "pink castle". He hired architect Henry Dupont to design the hotel and Carlton Beard as contractor. To ensure the stability of the hotel on the shifting sand and avoid the high cost of sinking so many pilings, Beard devised a floating concrete pad and pyramid footings. To this day, there is no sign of evident settling of the hotel. The architecture is a blend of Mediterranean and Moorish styles modeled after different hotels and developments that Rowe and Beard saw in Palm Beach, Coral Gables and Boca Raton. Arched openings, red clay tile roofs, balconies, stucco over hollow tile and tower like upper stories were some of the elements that they borrowed. The original design called for a $450,000 six-story hotel with 110 rooms and baths. It was expanded to 220 rooms and 220 baths, and the costs soared to $1.25 million, 300% over budget. Rowe named it Don Ce-Sar after Don César de Bazan, the hero of William Vincent Wallace's opera Maritana.

Opening
Rowe's "Pink Lady" opened on January 16, 1928, with an extravagant party attended by the elite of Tampa, Florida and St. Petersburg, Florida. The hotel quickly became a favorite romping ground for the rich and famous of the Jazz Age including F. Scott Fitzgerald, Clarence Darrow, Al Capone, Lou Gehrig, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Pink Palace continued to attract the rich and famous throughout the Great Depression in part to a deal made with New York Yankees owner Jacob Ruppert to house his team during spring training for three years.

However, after the sudden death of Rowe without a will, The Don was left to his estranged wife and began to fall into disrepair until the United States entered into World War II, and the hotel was bought by the Army for $450,000. It was converted into a military hospital and reopened in December 1942. In February 1944, the Don Ce-Sar became a convalescent center for the United States Army Air Corps. In June 1945, the Don Ce-Sar was ordered closed and was vacant by September 1945. It was converted into a Veterans Administration Regional Office by the end of 1945.

Rebirth
In November 1967, the Veterans Administration began moving out of the Don Ce-Sar, having opened a new office in downtown St. Petersburg. By Spring 1969, the once grand hotel was vacant. The General Services Administration planned to raze the graffiti-covered hotel, but this plan was met with fierce opposition from local residents. In March 1972, the Don Ce-Sar was sold to C.L. Pyatt and William Bowman Jr., a franchise owner of Holiday Inn. The Don CeSar (now spelled without the hyphen) reopened on November 23, 1973. Multiple renovations from 1985 to 2001 have updated and added to the hotel, including a 4000 sqft spa, a signature restaurant, and a second outdoor swimming pool. After the addition of the full-service beach club and spa, the official name of the hotel was changed to The Don CeSar Beach Resort and Spa.

The Don CeSar was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and became a founding member of the National Trust Historic Hotels of America in 1989.

In popular culture

 * The Don CeSar was featured in a full-color two-page spread in a 1982 issue of National Geographic.
 * Don CeSar Hotel in St. Pete Beach, Fla, is said to be haunted by the unchained ghost of its original owner, Thomas Rowe {see " Don CeSar Hotel in St. Petersburg Beach" under 'Florida' in the Wikipedia article "Haunted Locations"}
 * Parts of Once Upon a Time in America were filmed at the Don CeSar.
 * Comedian Ron White talked about his stay at the Don CeSar in the movie Blue Collar Comedy Tour: One for the Road.
 * Tom Petty and The Heartbreakers filmed a music video at the Don CeSar in 1985.
 * Robert Altman's film Health was filmed in the hotel.
 * The Don CeSar has a long list of famous guests and has hosted Franklin D. Roosevelt and every president since Gerald Ford (excluding Ronald Reagan).
 * Thunder in Paradise was filmed around the Don CeSar during April 1993.
 * The 1999 film Forever Mine was filmed at the Don CeSar.
 * The Don CeSar was one of the featured hotels in the episode "Big Night Out" of Emeril's Florida, a 2013 series starring Emeril Lagasse.
 * The 2016 Brad Furman movie The Infiltrator was filmed in part on the rooftop balcony of the Don CeSar in Spring 2015.
 * The Pitbull song "Sexy Beaches" was used in the "Visit Florida" tourism campaign, sponsored by the state of Florida. The music video was filmed at The Don CeSar in St. Petersburg, Florida, and was uploaded to Pitbull's YouTube on July 13, 2016.
 * The TV series Life's Rewards was filmed in St. Petersburg and Clearwater, Florida, and its setting is the Don CeSar.

title: The Don CeSar


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John D'Amico (ice hockey)

John David D'Amico (September 21, 1937 – May 29, 2005) was a Canadian National Hockey League (NHL) linesman and later supervisor of officials.

Early life and education
A native of Toronto, D'Amico graduated from De La Salle College.

Career
D'Amico's NHL career began as a referee on October 12, 1964, when he was 27 years old. He refereed only 19 games before becoming a linesman.

At the time of his retirement after the 1987 season, D'Amico was the last on-ice official active during the Original Six era. D'Amico's career included 1,689 regular season games, seven All-Star games, including the 1979 Challenge Cup and Rendez-vous '87, and 247 Stanley Cup playoff games, including 52 Stanley Cup Finals. His last one was in 1987. He also worked the Canada Cup. In 1988, D'Amico was watching a Leafs game on TV at home when a linesman had to leave a game because of an injury. In response, D'Amico arrived at Maple Leaf Gardens and finished the game, marking his final on-ice performance as an NHL linesman.

After retirement, he became a supervisor of officials for the NHL until his death in 2005. D'Amico was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1993.

Personal life
His health problems started in September 2002 when he suffered a heart attack and underwent bypass surgery. Tests following surgery indicated blood abnormalities and a diagnosis of aplastic anemia, which resulted in gallstone problems.

Just before his death, D'Amico made news headlines across Canada when he spoke out about the poor quality of the country's health care system.

D'Amico and his wife, Dorothy, had three sons and one daughter.

title: John D'Amico (ice hockey)


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User talk:Pkulkarni

Mahitgar 17:03, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Please look at your changest to B. R. Ambedkar
Born in a Hindu Untouchable community; Word 'less unfortunate' was used because world wide meaning of untouchable means very rich like; Usual usage in english is " Bill Gates is untouchable" means he is very rich. A non Indian reader will get confused with just word untouchability.
 * Secondly I dont have any objection in using word Hindu but it is getting repeated at too many places.
 * I prefer word Indian Caste system because Dr. Ambedkar according to his bio belived that most of religions in India practice hindu caste and untouchability.So he fought against all caste system.

Mahitgar 15:51, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Thanks

Mahitgar 16:55, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Info box B.R.Ambedkar
Dear Friend you seem to have removed info box around photograph of B.R.Ambedkar.Certainly you might have reason to do so .But to my knowledge all Biography articles on wikipedia are supposed to have such a info box; and already there were two negative assements were noted on its talk page for not having an info box.I had added the info box after those comments. I am sure you would look in to this aspect. Regards Mahitgar 12:02, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Sometimes it is good to rearrange the things to give RIGHT INFORMATION. Better to edit some controversial articles slowly! Thanks for your co-operation. Pkulkarni 18:33, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

Dalit Movement
Hello,

Incase you hadnt seen the talk i have elborated my reasons for the move. Firstly self identifications are a contentious issue. By moving the to Dalit Buddhist movement i did not mean to demean or hurt anybody. But to claim that this movement is a truly Buddhist revival movement is nothing short of revisionism. Fistly this movement is more of a socio-political movement THAN a religious movement. Moreover this movement is exclusively limited to members of certain SC castes (Mahars in particular). In the spirit of compromise i suggest we move the page to "Schedule Caste Buddhist movement".

 अमेय आर्यन DaBrood© 18:47, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello I am not a Schedule Caste. You can not call all Indian Buddhists are not scheduled castes. The Buddhist Population in India is only 0.8% so brush up your knowledge Pkulkarni 14:58, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

The article you were moving relates specifically to Buddhist sect founded by Ambedkar. Indian Buddhist have their own article, Buddhism in India.  अमेय आर्यन DaBrood© 16:39, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Move warring
Just to let you know that you can get blocked from editing for move warring. I won't report you, but sooner or later somebody will. If you think there article should be moved back at this point, go to Requested moves and make a move request. The majority decision will be binding. If you are correct, you will get a majority. If you are not, you won't. Simple, eh? I'm moving it back simply b/c all the redirects have been changed, and you never seem to fix double redirects when you move the page. —Hanuman Das 13:52, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Buddhism in modern India
India Buddhist revival/Dalit Buddhist Movement/Buddhist Revival in India has been moved to Buddhism in modern India. utcursch | talk 15:11, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Hi Pkulkarni
I'd like to talk with you. In fact, we have much to discuss. NinaEliza 22:41, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I am writing from a Internet User place where many people come and write. But some HinduPuppets blocked me unnecessary! For them anybody involved with Indian Buddhist Articles is a sockpuppet!! No problem will be back after few days. Pkulkarni 13:58, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Blocked
You have been blocked for a month for abusing wikipedia policies by running a large number of sock accounts. . You are free to come back after your block expires. But please do not abuse our sockpuppet policy. - Aksi_great (talk) 11:34, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I am surprised to see the list of usernames given on my name. How can you say that anybody involved with Indian Buddhist Article a sockpuppet? There are many people who are writing. A common Internet place does not mean every body is sockpuppet. Pkulkarni 14:01, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello do u understand even ABCD of Hinduism? Don't play around and vandalize articles Holybrahmin 17:00, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pkulkarni


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Pyburn Films

Pyburn Films is a television and film production company in New York City that specializes in original content and long-form programming.

Information
Pyburn Films also conceived and created AXIS Graphics. The technology and privately held company (AXIS Graphics, LLC) was acquired in January 2008 by the Chyron Corporation. Pyburn Films is an Emmy Award-winning entertainment company. They are located in New York City's Time Square. They are a company that is known for image branding, content development, and new technology. Altogether, Pyburn Films has created over a hundred hours of cable and broadcast television original programming. The Pyburn Film team includes software developers and technology specialists.

title: Pyburn Films


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User:JasonSpears

Jason Spears is a drafter from St. Joseph, Michigan. He mostly writes and edits articles about Lego and german style board games. (Well that was the intention.)

title: User:JasonSpears


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Cancellarii

Cancelli are lattice-work, placed before a window, a door-way, the tribunal of a judge, the chancel of a church, or any other similar place.

This led to the occupation of cancellarius, which originally signified a porter who stood at the latticed or grated door of the emperor's palace. According to the Historia Augusta, the emperor Carinus (reigned 283-285) gave great dissatisfaction by promoting one of these cancellarii to city prefect, although the veracity of this account is disputed.

Other cancellarii were legal scribes or secretaries who sat within the lattice-work which protected the tribunals of the judges from the crowd. The chief scribe in Constantinople was eventually invested with judicial power, and from this office came the modern "chancellor".

title: Cancellarii


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Prussian Crown Jewels

The Prussian Crown Jewels (German: Preußischen Kronjuwelen) is the royal regalia, consisting of two crowns, an orb and a sceptre, used during the coronation of the monarchs of Prussia from the House of Hohenzollern. After the King of Prussia became German Emperor on the establishment of the German Empire on 18 January 1871, they were no longer used as the position of King of Prussia while still remaining, was a title of lesser importance compared to the new role as German Emperor. There was no crown for the German Empire, although a heraldic version existed.

Regalia
The regalia includes:

 * Crown of William II (1889), or the Hohenzollern Crown, is the only piece dating from the imperial period, but is very similar to older crowns.

In the absence of further state regalia for the German Empire (1871–1918), the older royal Prussian Crown Jewels were sometimes also regarded as the German Crown Jewels:

 * Crown of Frederick I (1701)
 * Crown of Sophie Charlotte (1701)
 * Royal Sceptre of Frederick I (1701)
 * Royal Orb of Frederick I (1701)

Prussia became a part of the German Empire in 1871 and its king also became German emperor. The German Empire became a republic in 1918 and, at the same time, Prussia became part of the federal republic.

Most of the Prussian regalia are on public display in the Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin. The Crown of William II, in his role as King of Prussia, is kept at Hohenzollern Castle near Hechingen in Baden-Württemberg.

title: Prussian Crown Jewels


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Trophée Lancôme

The Trophée Lancôme was a professional golf tournament which was staged in Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche, France from 1970 to 2003.

Gaëtan Mourgue D'Algue, a French golf enthusiast from Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche, hoped to popularize the then little-known sport of Golf in France during the early 1960s. With Dominique Motte, he suggested the creation of a new championship trophy to Pierre Menet, the chairman of the Lancôme Company. Their goal was originally to bring together eight of the best players in the world. Saint-Nom-La-Bretèche had hosted the 1963 Canada Cup and the Open de France in 1965 and 1969.

The tournament started in 1970 as the "Tournament of Champions" but from 1971 it was called the "Trophée Lancôme", named after Menet's company. It began as an unofficial event, in that it was not part of a tour schedule, but it was backed by the Fédération Française de Golf and by preeminent sports agent Mark McCormack who arranged for some of the world's top players to participate. The 1970 and 1971 the tournament was played over three rounds (54 holes), but starting in 1972 it was played over four rounds (72 holes). Originally contested by 8 invited players, the field was increased to 12 in 1979.

From 1982 onwards it was an official money event on the European Tour, with an increased field size. In 1986 Bernhard Langer and Seve Ballesteros were declared joint winners as they were level after four playoff holes when darkness fell. The tournament ceased operation after 2003.

Multiple winners

 * 4 wins: Seve Ballesteros (including one shared)
 * 2 wins: Retief Goosen, David Graham, Lee Trevino, Ian Woosnam

title: Trophée Lancôme


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John Alderton

John Alderton (born 27 November 1940) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles in Upstairs, Downstairs, Thomas & Sarah, Wodehouse Playhouse, Little Miss (original television series), Please Sir!, No, Honestly and Fireman Sam (the original series). Alderton has often starred alongside his wife, Pauline Collins.

Early life
Alderton was born on 27 November 1940 in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, the son of Ivy (née Handley) and Gordon John Alderton. He grew up in Hull where he attended Kingston High School.

Career
He graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1961 and appeared in their production of The Doctor and The Devils by Dylan Thomas. Alderton first became familiar to television viewers in 1962, when he played Dr Moone in the ITV soap opera, Emergency Ward 10. After an uncredited role in Cleopatra (1963), and appearing in British films such as The System (1964), Assignment K (1968), Duffy (1968) and Hannibal Brooks (1969), he played the lead in the comedy series Please Sir!, as hapless teacher Mr Hedges, which later resulted in him also playing the character in the 1971 feature film of the same name. He was cast by Richard Lester in the title role of a film version of Flashman but the project was abandoned.

In 1972, he appeared with Hannah Gordon in the BBC comedy series My Wife Next Door which ran for 13 episodes, and for which he won a Jacob's Award in 1975. He then transferred to another top-rated ITV series when he played Thomas Watkins, the chauffeur, in Upstairs, Downstairs, opposite his wife, Pauline Collins. They had a daughter (the actress Kate Alderton) and two sons and also acted together in spin-off series, Thomas & Sarah, and another sitcom, No, Honestly, as well as in Wodehouse Playhouse (1975–78), a series that featured adaptations of short stories by P. G. Wodehouse (primarily the Mr. Mulliner stories.) In the meantime, he appeared on the big screen against-type as 'Friend' in John Boorman's cult sci-fi film Zardoz (1974), before returning to more familiar territory, as 1930s Yorkshire vet James Herriot in the 1976 film, It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet. He was a subject of the television programme This Is Your Life in 1974 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews.

He made his first stage appearance with the repertory company of the Theatre Royal, York in August 1961, in Badger's Green by R.C. Sherriff. After a period in repertory, he made his first London appearance at the Mermaid, November 1965, as Harold Crompton in Spring and Port Wine, later transferring with the production to the Apollo. At the Aldwych. In March 1969, he played Eric Hoyden in the RSC's production of Dutch Uncle. At the Comedy Theatre, July 1969, he played Jimmy Cooper in The Night I Chased the Women with an Eel. At the Howff, in October 1973, he played Stanley in Punch and Judy Stories, and played the same part in Judies at the Comedy, January 1974. At the Shaw Theatre, London,in January 1975, he played Stanley in Pinter's The Birthday Party. At the Apollo, London in May 1976, he played four parts in Ayckbourn's Confusions.

During the 1980s and 1990s, Alderton had a few roles. He narrated BBC1's children's original animated series Little Miss in 1983 (with his wife Pauline Collins) and, from 1987 to 1994, narrated and voiced all the characters in the original series of Fireman Sam. From 1987 to 1988 he played Estragon in Samuel Beckett's Waiting For Godot at the National Theatre. In 1988, he starred as Surgeon Robert Sandy in Tales of the Unexpected, in the episode The Surgeon, and from 1989 to 1992 he starred in the series Forever Green as the character Jack Boult. he also appeared in the film Clockwork Mice in 1995. Alderton played opposite his wife Pauline in Mrs Caldicot's Cabbage War in 2002 and made something of a comeback in the 2003 film, Calendar Girls. Then, in 2004 he played a role in the BBC series of Anthony Trollope's He Knew He Was Right. Also in 2004, Alderton starred in the first series of ITV 1's Doc Martin in an episode entitled "Of All The Harbours in All The Towns" as sailor John Slater, a friend and former lover of Aunt Joan. He played Christopher Casby in the 2008 BBC adaptation of Charles Dickens' Little Dorrit.

Personal life
Alderton married actress Jill Browne in 1964, but they divorced. In 1969, he married actress Pauline Collins and they have three children, a daughter (Kate, who is also an actress. ) and two sons.

title: John Alderton