text:
Talk:Indian Singaporeans

Photographs of Indians in Singapore
This article could do with a few photographs of Indians from different cultural backgrounds – perhaps Singaporean Indians who trace their ancestry to different parts of India, or Indians of different religions – to illustrate it. Does anyone have any that can be used? Cheers, Jacklee 14:50, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Ethnic group & race
The article currently states -
 * "The Singapore Department of Statistics defines ‘Indians’ as both a ’race’ and ethnic group, comprising “persons of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Sri Lankan origin, such as Tamils, Malayalis, Punjabis, Bengalis, Singhalese, etc.” [1] The term 'Indian' therefore refers broadly to the Indian subcontinent, rather than the Republic of India."

According to the Singstat website, ethnic group and race seem to be interchangeable:
 * "Ethnic/Dialect Group - Ethnic group refers to a person's race as declared by that person. The population is classified into the following four categories:
 * Chinese - This refers to persons of Chinese origin such as Hokkiens, Teochews, Cantonese, Hakkas, Hainanese, Hockchias, Foochows, Henghuas, Shanghainese etc.
 * Malays - This refers to persons of Malay or Indonesian origin, such as Javanese, Boyanese, Bugis etc.
 * Indians - This refers to persons of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan origin such as Tamils, Malayalis, Punjabis, Bengalis, Singhalese etc.
 * Other Ethnic Group - This comprises all persons other than Chinese, Malays and Indians. They include Eurasians, Caucasians, Arabs, Japanese etc."

This would confirm the existence of a single concept, where race is the dominant term, being used for all official purposes, and ethnic group a rarely-used synonym. As it stands, the article leads to the interpretation that Singstat make a distinction between the two terms. Rather than simply deleting the statement, I propose to rephrase it such as to underline the absence of distinction. JREL (talk) 15:50, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Done. I'm still not entirely happy with the formulation; maybe you can help? JREL (talk) 21:16, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

Singapore has one of world's largest overseas Indian populations?
The introductory paragraph of the article currently reads: "While they [Indians] are the smallest of the city-state's three main 'races', among cities, Singapore has the one of the world's largest overseas Indian populations." Can this be right? There must be a larger overseas Indian population in countries like the UK and USA by virtue of the larger overall population in those countries. Or does Singapore have one of the world's largest overseas Indian populations relative to the population of the country as a whole? Some clarification of this would be most welcome. Cheers, Jacklee 01:16, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

I re-read the sentence in the introductory paragraph set out above, and realized that it clams that as a city rather than as a country, Singapore has one of the world's largest overseas Indian populations. Lower down, in the subsection "Contemporary population size", it is stated that "Singapore has one of the largest overseas Indian population among cities. Only London and Durban have more overseas Indians in terms of both absolute and relative numbers." However, there seem to be a few problems with this statement: Cheers, Jacklee 00:34, 8 August 2007 (UTC)
 * The article "Overseas Indian population" states that Singapore in ranked fourth and not third in terms of number of Indians in the population, behind London, Durban and New York City.
 * The references to the http://www.singstat.gov.sg website in footnotes 14, 15 and 16 no longer work, and need updating.
 * It does not seem accurate to say that "[o]nly London and Durban have more overseas Indians in terms of... relative numbers". Again, according to the article "Overseas Indian population", 8.8% of the population of Singapore as a city is Indian. However, 75% of the population of Port Louis in Mauritius is Indian, no doubt because Port Louis has a much smaller overall population. But doesn't this mean that Port Louis has more overseas Indians than Singapore in "relative numbers"?

Hi there - thanks for your attention to / interest in this article. Hope this clarifies things a bit: while NYC may have a larger absolute number of ethnic Indian residents, Singapore seems to have a higher percentage. Conversely, Port Louis may have a higher percentage of ethnic Indians, but Singapore has a higher absolute number. The point of the line - "Singapore has one of the largest overseas Indian population among cities. Only London and Durban have more overseas Indians in terms of both absolute and relative numbers" - is that when we look at the size of overseas Indian communities in cities around the world - in terms of *BOTH* absolute AND relative numbers - only London and Durban have more Indians than Singapore on both counts. I'm afraid I'm not sure how to put it more clearly. To me it seems a good / valid way to capture both measures of size. of course, we could also / alternatively rank Singapore by each measure individually, but that seemed too fussy / detailed to me for this entry, especially since the info is already carried on other Wiki pages.

Re: links no longer working - am not free to look into this right now, but hope to get round to it at some point unless someone can do it first! ishouldbeworking

WikiProject Dravidian civilizations
Wiki Raja 11:06, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Cross-posted from Wikipedia talk:SGpedians' notice board
Although the article is well-referenced, I am concerned that it is not written in summary style. Here is how I think the article should be structured:
 * A short Etymology section, discussing the definition of "Indian" (already present).
 * A long History section, detailing the migration of Indians to Singapore (can be created by merging several existing sections).
 * A short Demographics section, containing various statistics about Indians in Singapore, such as languages, religion, education and income (some information is already included).
 * A long Culture section, detailing Singaporean Indian culture, such as cuisine, music and literature (some information is already included).
 * A short Institutions section, discussing various Singaporean Indian institutions, such as self-help groups (more information is needed).

--J.L.W.S. The Special One (talk) 14:33, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

I believe I'm one of the main contributors to this article so far. I confess I've not been very good at logging in each time I edit, or noting the changes in the edit summary - sorry if this makes things more difficult for other editors. J.L.W.S - I'm not a very active Wikipedian, but to the extent that I think I understand the issue of 'summary style', I do share your sentiments. One of my own concerns about the article is its length. I was hoping some kind soul with more experience could step in at this point and help to clean up and wikify the piece, but failing that, i have had another go. I think J.L.W.S.'s proposed structure makes sense, and have attemped to work towards that in recent edits. I have also created new pages to move some content there (e.g. History of Indians in Singapore), so that this page remains a summary. Am still in the process of doing this. Meanwhile would appreciate any further comments or ideas. I'm pleasantly surprised that Jackless thinks the article is a potential GA, and I'm hoping that with some new contributors, we could have a new Singapore GA to add to the list before too long. Ishouldbeworking (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 07:40, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:SRajaratnam smiling.jpg
The image Image:SRajaratnam smiling.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --00:02, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Original research in definition
, Would you be able to find a source for this edit? The content is informative but it would still require a source per WP:NOR. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 13:25, 20 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the reminder. I've added two sources for now. The first one details non-"Singaporean Indians" having 'Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan' classifications on their pink IC cards, and the second one talks about Sindhis and Sikhs from West Punjab. I'll scour the interwebs for more sources later today. Tiger7253 (talk) 13:36, 20 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Thank you for searching. For ethnicity related stuff though, we generally use scholarly sources as they are considered "peer reviewed". Middle ground is considered an WP:SPS due to it being more of a user contributed platform. In addition, the citation would need to make the supported text clear (including the relationship with the previous sentence/context). In this case for example, both the citations don't really support that. You can take your time to search. I will search as well. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 14:30, 20 September 2016 (UTC)
 * In the meantime, I would suggest that the SRS content be removed. The primary tenet of Wikipedia is WP:NOR and is policy. Unless there are reliable sources to back up content, it is original research. If such sources can be found, it is only then that the content can be added. Please don't use articles to shoehorn personal opinions. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 22:29, 1 October 2016 (UTC)
 * For the time being I have moved it here.
 * "This however does not confer the term 'Singaporean Indian' on recent immigrants or foreigners from countries in the Indian subcontinent outside the Republic of India proper (who are otherwise considered Pakistani, Bangladeshi, or Sri Lankan in the modern-day context). The Singaporean Indian community was established during the colonial period, and the local definition of 'Indian' therefore corresponds with the pre-1947 definition prior to the partition of India, encompassing any ethno-linguistic group within the local Indian population that can trace their heritage back to the territories held by undivided India and Sri Lanka before 1947. Three such communities include the Sindhi Hindus, who trace their roots to Sindh, and the Punjabi Sikhs, many of whom trace their roots to West Punjab, both of which now fall within the country of Pakistan, and the Sri Lankan Tamils."

 * This needs better references and I will try searching for some myself. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 01:11, 14 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 02:48, 14 December 2016 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/Singapore Tamils
There is a related AFD about an article which apparently copied some content from this article. Inviting more opinions. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 02:50, 14 December 2016 (UTC)

Disruptive editing and content removal
and An editor that goes by the name A.R.Nayudu has constantly made disruptive edits that I have had to revert, time and time again. The nature of the edits appears to be chauvinistic, geared towards ethnic and linguistic sentiments. For example, this user removed 'Hindi' from the infobox even though Hindi is listed in the PDF document of the official Singapore government census that has been well-referenced all over this article. This user has also been making other unexplained removals - the latest of which was to remove 'Malayalee' from a sentence with no explanation whatsoever, and remove 'Holi' from the list of minor, non-official Indian festivals celebrated in Singapore. It is getting tiring to constantly revert edits that are pointlessly chauvinistic, and I would appreciate your help in the matter because I am not an admin and do not have the sufficient privileges required to tackle such users. Thanks. Tiger7253 (talk) 14:17, 31 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I reported it to WP:AIV as the editor has received enough warnings. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 14:25, 31 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Btw,, I understand you are frustrated, but using a section title such as "chauvinism" doesn't really help. In general, section titles need to be neutral on article talk page. I have taken the liberty to change it. Thank you for keeping a watch on this page though. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 14:27, 31 December 2016 (UTC)

Feb 2017 edits
There were a bunch of edits in Feb 2017. I have reverted to the statusquo. Edits such as this seem to be WP:IDONTLIKEIT, although there might be possible original research. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 03:49, 26 March 2017 (UTC)

I understand that you had previously reverted unsourced additions of various religions, but this is not required. Footnotes such as these need sources too, and generally we do not put them in as they are part of the article. This article is on my watchlist, so I can revert any unsourced additions. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 03:52, 26 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Even if it were sourced, it is WP:UNDUE and editorializing. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 19:09, 26 March 2017 (UTC)

@lemongirl942 @tiger7253 guys I honestly don't get it, you guys are confusing me (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 14:15, 27 June 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Indian Singaporeans. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160216110141/http://www.nptd.gov.sg/Portals/0/Homepage/Highlights/population-in-brief-2015.pdf to http://www.nptd.gov.sg/Portals/0/Homepage/Highlights/population-in-brief-2015.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160216110141/http://www.nptd.gov.sg/Portals/0/Homepage/Highlights/population-in-brief-2015.pdf to http://www.nptd.gov.sg/Portals/0/Homepage/Highlights/population-in-brief-2015.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080513054614/http://www.bharathtalk.com/forums.html to http://www.bharathtalk.com/forums.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:56, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Indian Singaporeans. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070402150248/http://www.singaporeangle.com/2006/08/transcript-of-pms-rally-speech-in.html to http://www.singaporeangle.com/2006/08/transcript-of-pms-rally-speech-in.html
 * Added tag to http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/reference/mdsmar10.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070323002754/http://www.mom.gov.sg/publish/momportal/en/communities/work_pass.html to http://www.mom.gov.sg/publish/momportal/en/communities/work_pass.html
 * Added tag to http://silambam.com/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:46, 13 November 2017 (UTC)

Ethno-linguistic profile
Care to share the census detail you just referred to? I'm very interested in looking at it myself for future reference. Until then it's surprising that not one of the Indian Muslims of Singapore is of Sindh or Punjab descent. Secondly, are you aware that Sindh and Punjab regions span both sides of the border? That prior to Partition of India, many of the Sikhs and Hindus on the India side used to reside on the Pakistan side? And the same for the many Muslims who migrated into Pakistan during partition, having previously lived on the India side.

You seem to be looking at it purely from a 21st century angle. The table already includes Punjab and Sindh under "ancestral homes", if you bother to click it you'll see those articles' map and lede section clearly state they encompass both sides. So your comment "..nor do they have anything to do with Pakistan, heritage-wise." in the revert seems awfully misplaced. If you're correct then the article is currently wrong, and shouldn't include Punjab and Sindh under "ancestral home" since it seems to contradict you.

According to Indian_Singaporeans itself, 21.7% of Indian Singaporeans are Muslim. Please give me a breakdown of their ethnic composition. DA1 (talk) 00:39, 14 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Hi, apologies for the late reply, as I don't come on Wikipedia that often anymore.

 * You need to understand that Singapore's demographics cannot be seen in light of what happens in the West with 'Desi' populations. Mass subcontinental immigration to the West is a relatively recent phenomenon, and ramped up in the 50s, 60s, and 70s, right when countries like the US and Australia were dismantling regulations and exclusionary acts (eg: White Australia Policy) that kept non-White immigrants out. At this point, India and Pakistan were already distinct nations, with clear delineations between the 'Indian' and 'Pakistani' identities. This is why in the States, for example, you've got 'Indian Americans', and 'Pakistani Americans'.

 * However, Singapore (and Malaysia, for that matter) are different cases. These places were governed by the same colonial empire that governed India, and many, many Indians were either brought over as indentured labourers/came of their own free will centuries ago - we're talking late 1700s, early 1800s. This is information that is available on this page, if you're interested in reading the whole thing. These dynamics also apply to ethnic Indian populations in countries like the Mauritius, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, and so on.

 * The Indian population was established centuries before India and Pakistan even existed as sovereign states. So with regards to you saying that I'm looking at things from a presentist standpoint - I am not. Indian Singaporeans of Punjabi and Sindhi descent literally have nothing to do with Pakistan, and for that matter, nothing to do with India, from a political standpoint. This would be akin to saying that Australians of Anglo descent are politically affiliated to England. They are not.

 * This is also why Ceylonese Tamils, in the Singaporean context, are referred to as 'Indians' - Sri Lanka did not exist as a sovereign state at the point where immigration began. The same goes for the Sinhalese. Our |2010 census documents this - scroll to Page 49.

 * Moving on: Indian Singaporeans of Punjabi and Sindhi descent simply trace their lineage back to regions of Punjab and Sindh. Because these regions now span two different countries, Pakistan is included in the map. This does not mean that they have anything to do with nation-states that came into being centuries after Singapore started becoming populated by people from these regions, nor are their identities ascertained by geopolitical changes that happened centuries after their demographic establishment.

 * I hope I am making sense. I understand it can be hard for people to fully grasp different societal contexts, but I am more than happy to inform others about it. Hailing from these regions does not make one 'Pakistani' any more than it would make a White American 'British' or 'Irish'.

 * As for your enquiry about Indian Muslims: The vast majority of them are Tamil. As for Punjabis, they are predominantly Sikh, and virtually all Sindhis are Hindus. Yes, there may or may not be a very minute minority of Punjabis who follow the religion of Islam, but in the Singaporean context, they come under the 'Indian' umbrella. They would not be 'Pakistani', and we don't have a 'Pakistani Singaporean' demographic for the reasons I've mentioned above. Pakistanis in Singapore are mostly foreigners/expatriates who came over after Singapore's establishment as a sovereign state, and they are distinct from the native 'Singaporean Indian' populace. Tiger7253 (talk) 17:56, 13 August 2018 (UTC)

 * In summary: WP:ORIGINAL RESEARCH. Perhaps the best course of action for the article: Remove any controversy over philosophical or literal notions of nation states pre and post independence, and WP:OR claims of specific religion ascribed to those ethnicities, by removing the column outright. You also mention Sindhis in Singapore being specifically Hindu and come under the "Indian umbrella", however, so would Pakistanis and Sri Lankans and others. Even a non-Indian national falls under the "Indian umbrella" in Singapore ethnically. Nonetheless, that entire Religion column currently is original research and is better off removed until someone can provide a concrete WP:CITATION to back it up. DA1 (talk) 01:48, 14 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Check out the 'Definitions' section of the article: "The Singapore Department of Statistics defines 'Indians' as a 'race' (or 'ethnic group'), comprising "persons of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Sri Lankan origin such as Tamils, Malayalis, Punjabis, Bengalis, Sinhalese etc."[5][6]"

 * This refers to Singaporean Indians who trace their lineage back to the constituent countries of the Indian subcontinent as a whole, or 'India'. This definition has absolutely nothing to do with subcontinental expatriates, who aren't 'Singaporean Indians', and who otherwise identify under the Pakistani/Sri Lankan/Bangladeshi moniker with regards to their nationality. So, no: A non-Indian national does not fall under the "Indian umbrella" in Singapore ethnically. The "Indian umbrella" is what Singaporeans of subcontinental descent identify under, it is a distinct categorisation from the modern and current-day terms that expatriates use - and this is not really OR.

 * However, I will agree that the column that tackles 'religion' is OR, so you can go ahead and delete that if you wish. Tiger7253 (talk) 10:31, 14 August 2018 (UTC)

 * If an expatriate become a citizen of Singapore and his children continue to be citizens, then they surely aren't simply considered their respective national expatriates, but counted as Indian Singaporeans. This is in line with the official definition of "Indian Singaporean" which encompasses peoples of Pakistani, Bengali and Sri Lankan descent. Nonetheless, my main issue was the Religion column because it is 'possible' that individuals from other religions exist besides the ones listed and it's also possible for individuals to convert to Christianity, etc after coming to Singapore. But there exists no citations to back up any assertions. I'm glad we can agree that it can be removed due to lack of sourcing and over-reliance on anecdotes. DA1 (talk) 14:52, 14 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Indian Singaporeans


text:
Talk:Shide (monk)

Mis-spelled title??
Han Shan (寒山) and Shih Te (拾得) are two famous Tang buddhist poet. Should Tse be spelled Te instead? Is Shih-Tse referring to a different monk? --Kowloonese 21:18, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * I am indeed referring to those poets- I got the names though from Red Pine's book on Cold Mountain (which should be in the references of the pages of the trio.) As far as Chinese goes, I am ignorant- I just like their poetry so I wrote the articles. (Later): I've just checked, and "Shih-tse" is used sometimes, but by far the majority use is "Shih-te". Don't know what I was thinking. I'll go correct the other articles. --maru 01:26, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

move to Shih-Te. — Nightst a  llion  (?) 06:53, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Shide (poet)
There is an object in Shintoism called a Shide. This is under Shide_(shinto) and can't be found on wikipedia unless you know it is listed as such. A search for Shide goes straight to the buddhist poet's page. I suggest the poet's page be renamed Shide_(poet) and the Shide page point to Shide_disambiguation.

 * Oppose Fixed via dab headers. ~ trialsanderrors 20:47, 14 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment. Are the two equally important? Most links (of my doing) seem to point to the poet. --maru  (talk)  contribs 21:04, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Googling didn't help since it mostly links to the soccer club. But since the only spelling in the entry is Shih-Te, maybe it should be moved there? (For clarification it might be useful to list other spellings too, though.) ~ trialsanderrors 09:58, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The entry uses Shih-Te because that's where it was originally at. Someone didn't like the romanization and moved it here. --maru  (talk)  contribs 19:03, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I left a discussion request at the mover's talk site. See if he responds. ~ trialsanderrors 01:53, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Shih-Te
As per discussion above. Shih-Te seems to be the common spelling, the move to Shide was unmotivated and the moving editor hasn't repsonded to a request to disuss the move. Googling for Shide provides little rationale for the move, comparing to Shih-Te which mostly leads to entries for the poet. ~ trialsanderrors 18:13, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Support as the nominator. ~ trialsanderrors 18:13, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Coming back after some time far for WP, I had a message on my page about Shih-te -> Shide move. My rationale: As Shide is not very famous, His Wade name is not to be considered as commonly known in the West. Thus pinyin name suits better imo. "Shide (poet)" is as good. But Shih-Te is afair violating some guideline about use of pinyin for chinese names. gbog 06:03, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Jittoku
I just want to pre-emptively defend my insertion of the Japanese term into this article. Yes, I know that Shide is a Chinese monk, and I am not contesting that, nor suggesting that the article needs to be moved to Jittoku. But, as those who study Japanese religion or art history will come across the name Jittoku, I thought it should be included, to help confirm for those readers that they have reached the right page and are reading about the correct figure. LordAmeth (talk) 03:28, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Where does he show up in Japan? --Gwern (contribs) 14:10 20 March 2010 (GMT)

 * Also: 'Jittoku' redirects to this poet; however I found it following a link in the Japanese_tea_ceremony article, but that refers to a type of clothing. Anyone know how to 'fix' this? --Egregius (talk) 15:47, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

 * I have fixed this by replacing it with a link to Kimono, where I have added a brief entry for the garment in question. -Tenmiles (talk) 20:07, 20 December 2014 (UTC)

Translation used?
It isn't clear whose translations are being used here. Can this be clarified? For #45 my thought is that this is the Bill Porter (Red Pine) translation since everything is the same except the inclusion of punctuation and a couple of capitalizations at the beginnings of lines (two things Red Pine does not use in his translation).Perm Dude (talk) 17:24, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

 * If you look at the page history, that poem's inclusion predates WanderingPoet's edits and so is Porter. Possibly I tidied it up those many years ago when I wrote the article? --Gwern (contribs) 18:34 1 August 2011 (GMT)

OK, thanks. In general I think we should include translator information pretty explicitly. I don't know WP's policy (if any) in this area, but as a bibliographical practice I think we're only solid ground to specify particular translator information--equal prominence with the author, if possible. Perm Dude (talk) 21:30, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

Addition of original research
In this series of edits in 2011, User:Wandering Poet has added a large volume of wp:or original research sourced only to his own wp:sps self-published books. This general matter is further discussed at Talk:Hanshan (poet). I'm removing this original research now. Any editor choosing to reintroduce any of the contentious material should ensure that it is properly sourced to a reliable source and contains no original research. --gråb whåt you cån (talk) 23:47, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Shide (monk)


text:
B. J. Palmer

Bartlett Joshua Palmer (September 14, 1882 – May 27, 1961) was an American chiropractor. He was the son of Daniel David Palmer (D. D.), the founder of chiropractic, and became known as the "Developer" of chiropractic.

Early life
B. J. Palmer was born on September 14, 1882, the son of Daniel David Palmer (or "D.D."), the founder of chiropractic, in What Cheer, Iowa, The Palmer family of six resided in the back of a grocery store that D.D. operated. In 1885, D.D.'s wife became sick and died, after which D.D. remarried several times. When D.D. had settled with a new wife, he moved the family to Letts, Iowa, and he worked as a schoolteacher and a magnetic healer, developing chiropractic.

Chiropractic career
On May 30, 1904, B.J. married a woman named Mabel Heath. Both worked as chiropractors and instructors at Palmer College. Mabel Heath Palmer had a heavy load of students and taught mostly anatomy classes. B.J. Palmer ran his research clinics in Davenport for 16 years and eventually became convinced that upper cervical spine was the key to health. He modified the Palmer School of Chiropractic curriculum to reflect his new ideas. Palmer was an advocate for the use of the Neurocalometer and X-ray machines.

On January 12, 1906, their only son, David Daniel Palmer was born. In keeping with his educational efforts for the profession, he became known as "The Educator." They had an estranged relationship for a number of years when David Daniel decided to attend University of Pennsylvania and later its Wharton School of Business. David explained that he knew that he would one day be in charge of the school, and wanted an education in business to allow him to better manage the college. He also graduated from Palmer as a Doctor of Chiropractic.

In 1922, Palmer purchased a local radio station, WOC (whose call letters were thought to stand for "World Of Chiropractic" or "Wonders of Chiropractic" but in reality these call letters were assigned by the government to the previous owner of the station, Robert Karlowa of Rock Island, Illinois). Palmer began using the station to market chiropractic, as well as to broadcast farm, sports and weather reports. Ronald Reagan, future President of the United States and actor, was given his first broadcast job by Dr. Palmer to broadcast sports for WOC. A second station in Des Moines, WHO, (whose call letters were similarly thought to stand for "With Hands Only") was purchased from Bankers Life in 1930; however, neither station ever used either of the phrases in any of their promotions. Television stations were later added under the same call letters.

Following with the extensive world travels that was the trend in the 1920s, B.J., Mabel, and David traveled through most of Asia. He later wrote a book called Round the World with B.J. that would detail those trips and the people they met. He also published and read some of these stories in the Palmer School's newspaper and on WOC radio station.

Mabel Heath died in 1949 from stroke complications. In 1951 B. J. purchased a home on St. Armands Key in Sarasota, Florida, where he lived out his final years. He died in 1961 due to intestinal cancer. His son assumed the role of President of Palmer School of Chiropractic after his father's death.

B. J. and Mabel Palmer residence
The house that B. J. and Mabel Palmer lived in is located at 808 Brady Street, Davenport, Iowa. It contains many of the souvenirs collected on their tours of the world. The Palmers added on a porch addition surrounding the original house in the 1920s to help hold their extensive collection. This home is known as The Palmer Mansion and is owned and run by Palmer College of Chiropractic. It was placed on the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1948, and tours of the Mansion area provided by the College and are available to the public

B. J. Palmer's winter home in Sarasota, Florida, is located at 342 No. Washington Drive on St. Armands Key. The home contains many original artifacts, including his Roycroft furniture, lamp and clown collection, bedroom furniture, death certificate, and a collection of framed documents.

Questioned involvement in father's death
On August 27, 1913, an incident occurred during a homecoming parade. It resulted in a lawsuit for attempted murder, filed against him by his father. The allegation that B.J. deliberately hit his father with a car on that occasion followed B.J. Palmer for the better part of a generation. A 2008 book, Trick or Treatment, repeats the story and states that in 1913 B.J. Palmer ran over his father at a homecoming parade for the Palmer School of Chiropractic in Davenport, Iowa. Weeks later, D.D. Palmer died in Los Angeles. The official cause of death was recorded as typhoid. The book Trick or Treatment remarked "it seems more likely that his death was a direct result of injuries caused by his son." There was speculation it was not an accident, but rather a case of patricide. They had become bitter rivals over the leadership of chiropractic. B.J. Palmer resented his father for the way he treated his family, stating that his father beat three of his children with straps and was so much involved in chiropractic that "he hardly knew he had any children". D.D. claimed that his son B.J. struck him with his car. Chiropractic historian Joseph C. Keating, Jr. has described the patricide interpretation of the event as a myth and "absurd on its face" and cites an eyewitness who recalled that D.D. was not struck by B.J.'s car but, rather, had stumbled. He also says "Joy Loban, DC, executor of D.D.'s estate, voluntarily withdrew a civil suit claiming damages against B.J. Palmer, and that several grand juries repeatedly refused to bring criminal charges against the son." D.D. Palmer died October 20, 1913. One proposed cause of the accusations and responses was the competition between the schools (Palmer's and Universal's).

title: B. J. Palmer


text:
Terrorism Research Center

The Terrorism Research Center (TRC) is a non-profit think tank focused on investigating and researching global terrorism issues through multi-disciplinary collaboration amongst a group of international experts.

History 1996 to 2012
The TRC was founded in 1996 by Matthew Devost, Brian Houghton, and Neal Pollard to establish an organization with a specific focus on terrorism and emerging international security issues like information warfare. It was purchased by Blackwater's Erik Prince in 2007. Over the course of 14 years, the TRC conducted research, analysis, and training on variety of counterterrorism and homeland security issues.

Website (1996 to 2012)
The TRC web site (which operated at www.terrorism.com since 1996 and then also mirrored at www.homelandsecurity.com starting in 2000) was the top search engine result for “terrorism” and other security keywords for over a decade. The site regularly received as many as 5,000,000 hits per month and had tens of thousands of active registered users. The site has also been cited in thousands of books, news articles, academic papers, and other works.

Major projects (1996 to 2012)
The TRC was involved in several major projects, from 1996:
 * Responder Knowledge Base.
 * Terrorism Early Warning Group Expansion Project.
 * Mirror Image Training.
 * RealNews List.
 * Project Pediatric Preparedness.
 * Lecture Series.

Responder Knowledge Base
The TRC conceived, prototyped, designed, built and operated the RKB over a period of six years. The RKB provided emergency responders, purchasers, and planners with a trusted, integrated, online source of information on products, standards, certifications, grants, and other equipment-related information. The RKB was operated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) from 2008 until it was decommissioned in September 2013.

Terrorism Early Warning Group Expansion Project
The TRC has worked with the Los Angeles Terrorism Early Warning (TEW) Group since 1997. The TRC and Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LASD) submitted a grant application to the Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism to expand the Terrorism Early Warning Group concept to six high threat cities in the U.S. The Terrorism Early Warning Group concept fulfills the intelligence requirements outlined in Homeland Security Directive 8: Interim National Preparedness Goal. After the September 11 attacks in 2001 and the formation of the Department of Homeland Security, the Terrorism Early Warning Group program was migrated to DHS and expanded to cover 56 high threat urban areas. The TRC worked with these 56 cities to develop early warning and intelligence centers that became the precursor the national Fusion Center network.

Mirror Image training
The TRC developed the renowned Mirror Image training program in 2001 to allow military, intelligence, security and first responder personnel to better understand the international terrorist threat. Participants were subjected to an intense immersion program where they were trained to think and act like the adversary and adopt their tactics, techniques, and procedures. TRC Mirror Image training became a U.S. Army Foundry course, was featured in major news media, and became the most popular training course the TRC ever developed.

RealNews List
The TRC provided a free daily news clipping service on a variety of global security issues. An archive of several hundred thousand clippings was available via the TRC web site. The mailing of the TRC free daily news clipping service, became known as the 'early bird of global risk issues'.

Project Pediatric Preparedness
The TRC 'Project Pediatric Preparedness' report responded to emergency preparedness and response planning, technology investments, and training frequently, in respect to the unique requirements of responding to pediatric victims of a larger scale terrorist attack. The project explained these unique needs and gaps, and provided a foundation for homeland security planning for pediatric victims of terrorism. The final report described the minimum capabilities essential for emergency response to pediatric victims. The report laid out fifteen Functional Areas for pediatric response – general areas describing functions, tasks, and missions of emergency response. This report is available on the TRC website.

Lecture series
The TRC developed a lecture series, that brought together a wide array of experts to discuss emerging threats. These lectures were then released as audio downloads on the site. Popular speakers from the lecture series included Brian Michael Jenkins, Rohan Gunaratna, and Hekmat Karzai.

2005 U.S. Capitol flag honor
In 2005, to honor of TRC's contributions to the first responder community through the development of the RKB system, it received a U.S. flag that had been flown over the U.S. Capitol building (one of more than 100,000 such flags flown annually).

Today
Early in 2009, none of the TRC founders were still involved with the center. The Terrorism Research Center ceased operations in 2010 at the discretion of new owners and managers.

In April 2012, the founders of the TRC announced it was being reconstituted as a non-profit at www.terrorism.org. The new focus was on sponsoring research publications, and facilitating research. In December 2014, the TRC was included as a collaborating partner with the Microsimulation & Risk Modelling Group at the University of Wollongong. The project with them is assessing the tactics and counter tactics involved in lone wolf knife attacks on the public.

2012-2013 publications
The Terrorism Research Center has initiated sponsorship of new publications in terrorism, and related research areas. The main focus has been research into Terrorist Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures by its research associates, such as Dr. Robert J. Bunker, and Dr. Chris Flaherty. The 2012-2014 Terrorism Research Center sponsored publications: The TRC research in 2013 made a significant contribution to the understanding of surgically implanted explosive devices, better known as the 'Body Cavity Bomb' (BCB) concept:
 * Flaherty, C. (2012) Dangerous Minds: A Monograph on the Relationship Between Beliefs –Behaviours – Tactics. Published by OODA LOOP (7 September 2012).
 * Flaherty, C. (2012) Adam Lanza and Dangerous Minds. Published by OODA LOOP (19 December 2012).
 * Flaherty, C. (2013) Skid Row Terrorist. Published by OODA LOOP (26 July 2013).
 * Bunker, R.J. Flaherty, C. (eds.) (2013) Body Cavity Bombers: The New Martyrs. Published by Terrorism Research Center (http://www.terrorism.org/). iUniverse, Inc. Bloomington.

2014 publications
The TRC research in 2014 has continued to develop new publications in terrorism, and related research areas, with the latest research, on interposing tactics, as a branch of Terrorist Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures, by its research associate Dr. Chris Flaherty.
 * Flaherty, C. (2014) 3D Vulnerability Analysis Solution to the Problem of Military Energy Security and Interposing Tactics. Journal of Information Warfare. (13)1: 33-41.

The TRC research in 2014, has also developed a new reader on Fifth Dimensional Operations:
 * Robert J. Bunker & Charles "Sid" Heal. (2014) Fifth Dimensional Operations: Space-Time-Cyber Dimensionality in Conflict and War—A Terrorism Research Center Book. iuniverse.

2015 publications
The 2015 published TRC research has included a new reader on current terrorism analysis, and has continued work on Terrorist Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs):
 * Robert J. Bunker, John P. Sullivan, Brian M. Jenkins, Matt Devost, and James T. Kirkhope (Editors) (2015) Counterterrorism: Bridging Operations and Theory: A Terrorism Research Center Book. iUniverse. This book incorporated 50 contributors, including internationally recognized scholars: Dr. John Arquilla; Dr. Martin van Creveld; Dr. Rohan Gunaratna; Brian Michael Jenkins.
 * Chris Flaherty (2015) Wild Predator Erratic Attacks versus Dynamic Defence. Journal of Information Warfare. (14)1.

2016 publications

 * Bunker, R.J. (ed.) (2016) Blood Sacrifices: Violent Non-State Actors and Dark Magico-Religious Activities. Published by Terrorism Research Center (http://www.terrorism.org/). iUniverse, Inc. Bloomington.
 * Chris Flaherty (2016) Employment of 3D-Printed Guns in the 5D Battlespace. Journal of Information Warfare. (15)1.

title: Terrorism Research Center


text:
Talk:Hans Reichenbach

Untitled
Can someone add a list of his linguistic ideas, presented in Elements of symbolic logic? There is not a mention in the article for his contributions to linguistics (verbal aspects etc)
 * He defined the 3 point system, for verbal clauses, involving E the point of Event, S - point of Speech, and R - point of Reference. Then, one draws these funny little diagrams describing temptral structures in different languages. Yes, diagrams are always cute. Oyd11 22:28, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

2nd PhD advisor
Max Noether or Emmy Noether? Math Geneaology says Max. From the year of the thesis both would be possible. But in 1916 Emmy was in Göttingen, Max in Erlangen. 84.163.107.201 (talk) 23:57, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

-- It says Max Noether in the dissertation. Haym Hirsh says that he received information from Hans's widow that it was Emmy. http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~hirsh/ Perhaps there is something more to the story than just a mistake. Jdvelasc (talk) 20:47, 3 August 2012 (UTC)

Reichenbach's background
I think it should be noted that Reichenbach was not just of Jewish ancestry but also of German ancestry (his mother was entirely German. In fact his mother's family was a protestant family that can be traced back generations). This is a rather well known fact. That he did not meet strict Aryan purity laws does not therefore render him "Jewish". As far as I know he certainly was not a practicing Jew, so was neither a Jew religiously. Wikipedia is beginning an odd trend of downplaying the non-Jewish lineage of many great philosophers, thinkers, and scientists. I suggest this be taken note of in the interests of Wikipedia's integrity. It would seem fitting that you place it in the article.

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/reichenbach/

http://books.google.com/books?id=CxQ5uHEKUwsC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=reichenbach+jewish+protestant+family&source=bl&ots=39YwYHNtY7&sig=IuZ-H876OE46l3QmCm2sjv7LLS0&hl=en&ei=cb15S6yEC4TP8QaJwv38DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CAwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=reichenbach%20jewish%20protestant%20family&f=false —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.226.165.118 (talk) 21:36, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Your suggestion seems reasonable enough, and it is verified. I think you can go ahead and edit the detail. Stampit (talk) 15:46, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hans Reichenbach


text:
OpenDesktop

OpenDesktop is:

 * an online community for open source content and applications, see openDesktop.org
 * the name of an operating system of the Santa Cruz Operation
 * the former name of a Linux distribution now called Co-CreateLinux

title: OpenDesktop


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gaydolf Hitler

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete Zzyzx11 (Talk) 04:23, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Gaydolf Hitler
Two reasons 1) unverifiable possible hoax see 2) Even if verified, is a one episode appearance notable? --Doc (?) 21:25, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, there doesn't appear to have been significant uproar about this as no evidence of it can be found. --W(t) 21:37, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
 * Delete --Spinboy 01:11, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No recollection of this happening; it would have gotten press coverage. And Jonathan Torrens isn't that stupid. Bearcat 01:58, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable. Megan1967 02:43, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as "very short article with little or no context". --Angr/undefined 05:32, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I got here via the contributions of its creator, vandalism-prone IP 216.185.69.65 (but apparently a public school IP, so we can't really ban it...) Samaritan 16:58, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Infrogmation 17:02, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * speedy Serial vandal --Lord Voldemort 18:31, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Sloth (disambiguation)

A sloth is a mammal of the rainforests in the Americas.

Sloth or Sloths may also refer to:
 * Sloth (deadly sin), laziness, one of the seven deadly sins

Animals

 * Ground sloth, an extinct mammal of the Americas
 * Sloth bear, a bear of India
 * Sloth lemur, an extinct lemur

Arts

 * Sid the Sloth, a character in the Ice Age film franchise
 * Sloth, a deformed man in The Goonies, a 1985 American adventure comedy film
 * Sloth, a 2006 graphic novel by Gilbert Hernandez
 * Sloth (Fullmetal Alchemist), a manga and anime character
 * "Sloths!", a SNL Digital Short from the American late-night live television variety show

Music

 * "Sloth", a song by Fairport Convention from the 1970 album Full House
 * "The Sloth", a song by Phish from the 1987 album The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday
 * "Sloth", a song by Saint Vitus from the 1995 album Die Healing

People

 * Casper Sloth (born 1992), Danish footballer
 * Charlie Sloth (born 1987), British hip hop artist, actor, TV presenter and DJ
 * Jørn Sloth (born 1944), Danish chess player and former world champion of correspondence chess

title: Sloth (disambiguation)


text:
First Flight (Star Trek: Enterprise)

"First Flight" is the fiftieth episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Enterprise, the twenty-fourth episode of the second season. It first aired on May 14, 2003, on UPN. It was written by John Shiban and Chris Black, and was directed by Star Trek: The Next Generation actor LeVar Burton (Geordi La Forge).

Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise, registration NX-01. In this episode, after Captain Jonathan Archer (Scott Bakula) is informed of the death of his former colleague, A.G. Robinson (Keith Carradine), he relates the story of breaking the warp 2.5 barrier to T'Pol (Jolene Blalock) while investigating a dark matter nebula.

The episode was inspired by the story of the first American astronauts as seen in the film The Right Stuff. Several sets were specifically built for this episode, and a reference to the designer of the Enterprise from the original Star Trek series is included in the story. Three crew-members from the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CVN-65) appeared in this episode, and handed over a flag from the ship to the cast and crew. Critical reception to this episode was mostly positive, with praise directed at Scott Bakula. The episode received the second-lowest number of viewers received by Enterprise at that point, which was blamed on it being aired opposite the series finale of Dawson's Creek.

Plot
As Enterprise is about to investigate a dark matter cloud, Captain Archer is informed by Admiral Forrest that his former Starfleet colleague, Captain Robinson, has died in a rock climbing accident. Archer, seeking solitude, desires to travel into the nebula in a shuttlepod armed with spatial charges to excite the dark matter. Sub-Commander T'Pol, noting that captains are prohibited from traveling off-ship unaccompanied, joins him and convinces him to tell the story of his friend Robinson and the Warp 5 program.

In a series of flashbacks, Commander Archer meets with Commodore Forrest, and is informed that although he excelled in simulations, his colleague Commander Robinson has been awarded the warp 3 test ship, the NX Alpha. Disappointed, Archer goes to the 602 Club, a local bar, bumping into Robinson there. Later, Robinson takes the scheduled flight aboard the NX Alpha, breaking the warp 2.0 barrier. He refuses a command from Forrest to stop and instead increases speed; the craft soon destabilizes and is destroyed as it approaches warp 2.2, but Robinson escapes. The Vulcans argue that the warp program should be postponed, but Archer wants the program, and his father's engine research, to continue. Archer, and his new friend Lieutenant Tucker, then go to the 602 Club to discuss the problem. Robinson arrives and blames Archer's father, and he and Archer end up in a fist fight.

The next day Archer discovers Robinson packing up the contents of his locker. He concedes that it is primarily an intermix problem, but that the engine could still work. Archer and Robinson then steal the NX Beta, with Tucker in flight control, but it starts to suffer the same issues as the Alpha. As Starfleet security detains Tucker, Archer and Robinson coax the engines to warp 2.5. Archer and Robinson are reprimanded, and the program is grounded for a year, but they have proved that his father's design was sound.

Archer launches his final two charges into the cloud, and a breathtaking nebula slowly reveals itself. Archer calls T'Pol to watch the actual nebula with her eyes, rather than monitor it through the sensors. T'Pol mentions the human tradition of first discoverers of astronomical phenomena having naming rights. Archer makes a sarcastic crack about calling it the "T'Pol/Archer Nebula". T'Pol gently responds that she was thinking Archer could name it the "Robinson Nebula", after his friend.

Production
"First Flight" was inspired by the 1983 film The Right Stuff, the story of the test pilots at Edwards Air Force Base and the first NASA astronauts. Reference is also made to the Apollo 11 lunar landing, when Archer mentions that no-one remembers astronaut Buzz Aldrin's first words when he stepped onto the moon. Aldrin's actual first words were "Beautiful view."

Warp drive was first mentioned in Gene Roddenberry's first-draft pitch for Star Trek, dated March 11, 1964, although in that version it was referred to as a "space-warp drive". The drive allows for a vessel to travel faster than the speed of light by warping space-time around the ship itself. In 1994, physicist Miguel Alcubierre proposed the Alcubierre drive, using a similar theory. In the Star Trek universe, Zefram Cochrane invented the drive in 2063. Cochrane was portrayed by James Cromwell in the film Star Trek: First Contact and re-appeared in this role in the pilot of Enterprise, "Broken Bow". That episode showed the culmination of the development of the warp 5 engine, which was designed by Jonathan Archer's father, Henry, in the launch of the Enterprise itself. The Vulcans during this period gave oversight and advice to Starfleet in the development of the warp drive, but sought to slow the progress of the humans. "First Flight" showed a previously unseen period in the development of the fictional warp drive, with the pursuit of the warp 2 barrier. The dark matter mentioned in this episode is a real phenomenon, although it is unclear exactly what it is. It cannot be seen by telescopes, and it is theorised that it makes up a great deal of the matter in the universe.

John Shiban and Chris Black wrote "First Flight", the fiftieth episode of Enterprise. Former Star Trek: The Next Generation actor LeVar Burton directed the episode, his second of the season and fourth overall. He had previously directed episodes of other shows in the franchise, including the hundredth episode of Star Trek: Voyager, "Timeless". In this episode, Tucker states that his commanding officer at the testing facility is Captain Jefferies, this is a direct reference to artist and set designer Matt Jefferies, designer of the original USS Enterprise (NCC-1701). Jefferies died two months after the episode was aired.

Production began on March 10, 2003, and concluded on March 18. The first days' shoot consisted of scenes in the shuttlepod with Blalock and Bakula as other members of the cast were still shooting scenes for the episodes "Horizon" and "Regeneration". The present-day scenes were completed on the second day of filming, with the remaining five days of shooting being devoted to the flashback scenes. Sets were built specifically for this episode, including the NX Command Center, the 602 Club and the interior of the NX prototype vessels.

Casting
The guest cast in "First Flight" included the return of Vaughn Armstrong in the recurring role of Admiral Forrest, although this was his most demanding shoot so far, requiring him to be on set for five of the seven days of filming. Keith Carradine was cast as A. G. Robinson. This episode also saw the return of some actors who had appeared in other series of the Star Trek franchise. These included Michael Canavan, who appeared in this episode as a Vulcan advisor, but previously appeared in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Defiant" as a member of the Maquis terrorist group. Also appearing in "First Flight" was Victor Bevine. He had previously appeared in DS9, Voyager and the movie Star Trek: First Contact.

"First Flight" also provided the stage for an exchange with the United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CVN-65). Three crew members of the real-life Enterprise had been voted as "Sailors of the Year" by the U.S. Navy, and so were given the roles of extras in this episode. This was not the first time such an exchange had occurred; previous winners had appeared as crew members on board the fictional Enterprise in the episode "Desert Crossing". This time around they were given roles at the NX Command Center instead. Aviation Maintenance Administrationman 2nd Class James D. Frey portrayed a technician, Navy Counselor 1st Class Kathleen J. Grant played a Senator and Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class Thomas P. Hunt was the Senator's assistant. All three were pleased to be appearing on the show, with Grant saying that "My nephew told all of the kids at his school his aunt was going to be on Star Trek. That makes the experience even more of a thrill for me", and Hunt saying "This will be on reruns for years to come, when I'm 60, I'll be able to say, 'Hey, that's me on Enterprise.'". In return, the three sailors presented the cast and crew of Star Trek: Enterprise with a flag that had been flying on the aircraft carrier earlier in the month.

Reception
"First Flight" was first shown in the United States on May 14, 2003 on UPN. It was aired on the same night as the following episode, "Bounty". Both episodes saw a reduction in viewing figures compared to previous weeks, which was attributed to them being broadcast at the same time as the series finale of Dawson's Creek on The WB. "First Flight" received a 2.4/4% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 2.4 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 4 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. It was the second lowest rating received by the series at that point, and "Bounty" received a slightly decreased rating of 2.3/4%, but the viewing figures were higher. "Bounty" was watched by 3.54 million viewers, whereas "First Flight" was watched by 3.3 million. "First Flight" was the 93rd most watched programme of the evening. The episode aired during the following week was the season two finale, whose figures rebounded slightly; "The Expanse" had a final rating of 2.8/4% with an audience of 3.88 million.

Michelle Erica Green reviewed the episode for TrekNation, and thought that Scott Bakula in particular gave one of his best performances of the show so far. Both he and Carradine worked well together, but thought that the other characters in the flashback were clichéd. Overall, she thought it was a "superbly filmed episode" with several new sets which were well used, and the visual effects were good. Jamahl Epsicokhan at his website "Jammer's Reviews" gave the episode a score of three out of four, saying that he welcomed the back story to the series being fleshed out in this episode. He thought that the episode itself wasn't very challenging to watch, but thought that the melancholy ending was fitting. He even thought that it might be worthwhile to go further back in time to see the actual founding of Starfleet. In his 2022 rewatch, Keith DeCandido of Tor.com gave it 4 out of 10.

Den of Geek ranked this the ninth best episode of this television series. The Digital Fix called it a "surprising charming episode" that helped provide context for the Enterprise's mission, but that it should have come in season one.

Home media release
"First Flight" was first released for home media use on DVD as part of the second series box set of Star Trek: Enterprise. The release featured text commentary on the episode from Star Trek and NASA designers Michael and Denise Okuda. The episode also featured as one of the three Enterprise episodes on the Star Trek Fan Collective DVD Set "Captain's Log". The set featured episodes selected by each of the Captains from the Star Trek series, and several chosen by the fans, a total of seventeen episodes. A release on Blu-ray Disc for season two occurred on August 20, 2013.

title: First Flight (Star Trek: Enterprise)


text:
Talk:Hilbert's irreducibility theorem

[Untitled]
Sorry - how exactly is this supposed to be cleaned up? Charles Matthews 21:32, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Finite fields
Does a similar theorem hold when the coefficients are not rational, but elements of some finite field?--129.70.14.128 (talk) 23:28, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

Yes, there is a similar theorem for `large' finite fields, that is a special case of Chebotarev's theorem for finite fields. Here is a precise formulation:

Let f(X,Y) be an irreducible polynomial with coefficients in a field F with q elements that is separable in Y. Denote the Galois group of f over F(X) by G. Embed G in the symmetric group via the action on the roots of f. Let p be the probability to choose an n-cycles in G. (An element of G is said to be an n-cycle if it acts transitively on the roots of f.) Then there are
 * $$p q + O(\sqrt{q})$$

x in F such that f(x,Y) is irreducible. Here the asserted constant depends only on the Y-degree of f. --Barylior (talk) 18:26, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

Remark
The first remark ("It follows from the theorem that there are infinitely many r-tuples.") makes little sense to me. Of course, there are many r-tuples. If we only want r-tuples with the property in the theorem, then I don't see why there are "many". Maybe it is meant "it follows from the proof"?. Benji104 (talk) 07:23, 26 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hilbert's irreducibility theorem


text:
Talk:Ernest Benach

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Ernest Benach. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100922211434/http://blocgran.cat/?page_id=177 to http://blocgran.cat/?page_id=177
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100922222100/http://www10.gencat.cat/sac/AppJava/organisme_fitxa.jsp?codi=6581 to http://www10.gencat.cat/sac/AppJava/organisme_fitxa.jsp?codi=6581

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:54, 25 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ernest Benach


text:
Karl Moser

Karl Moser (August 10, 1860 – February 28, 1936) was an architect from Switzerland.

Between 1887 and 1915 he worked together with Robert Curjel in Karlsruhe, setting up the architecture firm Curjel and Moser. Some of their works are:
 * Kunsthaus Zurich
 * University of Zurich
 * Basel Badischer Bahnhof
 * St. Paul's Church, Bern
 * St. Anthony's (Antoniuskirche), Basel
 * several Protestant churches

From 1915 to 1928 he was professor at ETH Zurich.

In 1928 he was president of the newly founded Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne, an organisation, steered prominently by the pioneers of modernism, architects Le Corbusier and Walter Gropius, which championed rational and functionalist architecture, while critiquing the type of revivalist architecture typified by Moser's own work. Indeed, at was at this time that Moser's own work changed radically towards modernism, exemplified in the St. Anthony's (Antoniuskirche) in Basel (1925–27), built in reinforced concrete rather than brick and stone typical for his earlier works.

His son Werner M. Moser also became a notable architect.

title: Karl Moser


text:
Paul Goldberger

Paul Goldberger (born December 4, 1950) is an American author, architecture critic and lecturer — widely known as contributing editor at Vanity Fair, architectural critic for the New York Times (1997-) and columnist of Sky Line for The New Yorker.

In 1984, while at the New York Times, Goldberger received the Pulitzer Prize for Distinguished Criticism, the highest award in journalism.

Background
Paul Jesse Goldberger was born on December 4, 1950 in Passaic, New Jersey, the son of Morris Goldberger (English teacher, 1924-2006) and Edna Goldberger (née Kronman, 1924-2009} along with a brother Joseph and sister Miriam.

He graduated in 1972 from Yale University, where he studied architectural history under Vincent Scully, and has a Doctoral degree (honorary), New York School Interior Design; Doctor of Humane Letters (honorary), University Miami, 2004 and a Doctor of Humane Letters (honorary), Kenyon College, 2005.

A resident of the Midtown East in Manhattan, Goldberger is widowed by Susan L. Solomon (1951-2022) with whom he had three sons, David Solomon Goldberger, Adam Hirsh Goldberger and Benjamin James Solomon Goldberger. He's lived in numerous notable buildings in New York City, including The Dakota; The San Remo; The Beresford by Emery Roth and 870 United Nations Plaza by Harrison & Abramovitz.

Career
Shortly after starting as a reporter at The New York Times in 1972, Goldberger was assigned to write the obituary of noted architect Louis Kahn, who had died suddenly of a heart attack in New York Penn Station. In 1973, he was named an architecture critic, working alongside Ada Louise Huxtable until 1982.

In 1984, Goldberger won the Pulitzer Prize for his architecture criticism in The Times, and in 1996, New York City mayor Rudolph Giuliani presented Goldberger with the city's Preservation Achievement Award in recognition of the impact of his work on historic preservation.

Goldberger is also the author of the book Up from Zero: Politics, Architecture, and the Rebuilding of New York and The City Observed, New York, a Guide to the Architecture of Manhattan.

In a May 2005 New Yorker column, he suggested that the best solution for rebuilding at Ground Zero would focus on residential use mixed with cultural and memorial elements.

From July 2004 until June 2006, Goldberger served as the Dean of Parsons The New School for Design, an art and design college of The New School. He currently remains the Joseph Urban Professor of Design at the institution.

Books

 * Up from Zero: Politics, Architecture, and the Rebuilding of New York.
 * The City Observed, New York, a Guide to the Architecture of Manhattan.
 * Why Architecture Matters (2009). Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0300144307.
 * Building Up and Tearing Down: Reflections on the Age of Architecture (2009). The Monacelli Press, ISBN 978-1580932646.
 * Building Art: The Life and Work of Frank Gehry (2015). Knopf ISBN 978-0-307-70153-4
 * Ballpark: Baseball in the American City (2019). Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, ISBN 0-307-70154-9

Articles

 * Reports on a joint lecture by Harold Varmus and his son Jacob Varmus.

title: Paul Goldberger


text:
Saltoposuchus

Saltoposuchus is an extinct genus of small (1–1.5 m and 10–15 kg), long-tailed crocodylomorph reptile (Sphenosuchia), from the Norian (Late Triassic) of Europe. The name translated means "leaping foot crocodile". It has been proposed that Terrestrisuchus gracilis and Saltoposuchus connectens represent different ontogenetic stages of the same genus. Saltoposuchus was commonly (and incorrectly) referred to in popular literature as the ancestor (or close ancestors) to dinosaurs; however, recent scientific research shows that this is not the case.

Description and paleobiology
Fossil evidence of Sphenosuchia and early crocodylomorphs lead paleontologists to conclude that Saltoposuchus is a terrestrial animal. As a monophyletic group of crocodylomorphs, Saltoposuchidae have many key morphological traits shared with most crocodylomorphs.

Skull
Much like other crocodylomorphs, Saltoposuchus skulls had a (reduced) antorbital fenestra, an overhanging squamosal bone, and a medially shifted, forwards sloping quadrate and quadratojugal. Saltoposuchus have a long pointed skull and slender pointed teeth. The pointed teeth of Saltoposuchus indicate that this species is most likely carnivorous. At the back of the skull, Saltoposuchus share many specializations of crocodylomorphs including a square skull table made out of post-orbital and squamosal bones which overhangs the temporal region, a lateral mandibular fenestra, and a cheek region that is overhung by the squamosal. In sphenosuchians, the quadrate head makes contact with the prootic and squamosal bones.

Skeleton
Saltoposuchus has a long backward pointing spine at the coracoid. Another key feature of Saltoposuchus includes a non-perforated acetabulum (hip joint), which is a defining characteristic of all dinosaurs. Saltoposuchus were also considered to be bipedal based on its skeletal constitution, but could walk on all four limbs as well, making it a facultative biped. Saltoposuchus also had a double row of bony scutes along its back, which can be seen on modern crocodilians today. Like with other sphenosuchians and early crocodylomorphs, Saltoposuchus had fully erect slender limbs, a slender body, and long legs. Paleontologists believe that with their body structures that Saltoposuchus were very fast and nimble. Sphenosuchians have been described as "greyhound dog[s] with scales and a long tail." Early crocodylomorphs, such as Saltoposuchus, have very long centra in their vertebrae, short vertebral processes, and medium-sized zygapophyseal joints. Molnar et Al. concluded that the average mediolateral range of motion in the early crocodylomorphs was greater than dorsoventral range of motion, and dorsoventral stiffness was estimated to be higher than mediolateral stiffness. In the wrists of Saltoposuchus, the radiale and ulnare are elongated into rod shaped elements instead of being button-shaped, which is a shared characteristic among crocodylomorphs.

Behavior
The Saltoposuchus is a terrestrial animal whose body was built for running at fast speeds. Based on the behavior of other species of archosaur, it is possible that the Saltoposuchus hunted in packs just like another archosaur genus, Coelophysis. It is also possible that Saltoposuchus could exhibit cannibalistic behavior because a few of the Coelophysis individuals found had remains of smaller members of the species inside the larger animals (though these later turned out to be crocodylomorphs). By looking at the diet of related species, we can assume that Saltoposuchus ate small lizards, insects, and mammals that existed during the Triassic Period.

Discovery
Saltoposuchus connectens and Saltoposuchus longipes were discovered and named by German paleontologist Friedrich von Huene in 1921. Both species were found in the Burrer Quarry, Pfaffenhofen, which is an Alaunian terrestrial sandstone/marl in the Löwenstein Formation of south-west Germany. The Löwenstein Formation has been dated back to 215.6 - 212.0 Ma, which dates back to the Late Triassic Period. Fossils have also been found in the Trossingen Formation (also located in Germany), and the Lossiemouth Sandstone formation.

Geographical/historical information
Fossils found in Germany indicate that Saltoposuchus existed in Europe, or more appropriately, Laurasia. The Mesozoic Era has been regarded as "The Age of Reptiles" so Saltoposuchus lived among many different species including the earliest species of pterosaurs and other bipedal reptilians. Archosaurs, the ancestor to Crocodylomorpha, made its first appearance in the middle of the Triassic era. This is also the period in which the earliest mammals started appearing. Therapsids dominated the Early - Middle Triassic Period, but as time went on, therapsids started becoming extinct and archosaurs became the dominant group of reptiles. After the Permian–Triassic extinction event wiped out 90% of species in the world, conifer forests started to recover, species started occupying and thriving in newly found ecological niches, Pangaea started splitting into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the air was very arid with hot summers and cold winters. After marine life had been wiped out by the mass extinction event, the Triassic waters were populated with very few families of fish. The Triassic Period showed the first development of modern stony corals and a time of modest reef building activity in the shallower waters of the Tethys near the coasts of Pangaea. During the Mesozoic Era, early mammals, reptilian species, and other insects populated the land. Insects that had survived the mass extinction and were existing during this time include spiders, scorpions, millipedes, centipedes, and a newer group of beetles.

Related species
Sister groups to Saltoposuchus include Gracilisuchus, Hesperosuchus, Dromicosuchus, Dibothrosuchus, Terrestrisuchus, Litargosuchus, Kayentasuchus. These genus are found in the late Triassic to the earlier Jurassic eras. All of these genus are part of the Sphenosuchia clade and they all have similar morphology and stature. Sphenosuchia are ancestors to crocodyliformes, which constitute modern crocodilians. Modern crocodylia reacquired semi-aquatic life style. Research has disputed the reasoning for how crocodyliformes reacquired semi-aquatic traits, and the forefront explanation the changes in osteoderm and rib morphology over crocodylomorph evolution affected the stiffness of the vertebral columns, which would allow for better movement in semi-aquatic environments.

Gracilisuchus
This group has species that are approximately 0.3 meters long and is classified as a primitive sphenosuchian. Like Saltoposuchus, this species was thought to have been able to run on its slim hind-legs. This group of reptiles had a disproportionately large head, strong jaws, and bony plates extending from the back to the tail. It most likely ate small lizards.

Terrestrisuchus
This group's specimens are around 0.5 meters long. Similarly to Saltoposuchus, Terrestrisuchus were known to have a delicate frame and could run at fast speeds for long distances.

Litargosuchus and Kayentasuchus
Two early crocodylomorph species that are sister groups to Saltoposuchus. They share many similar traits and morphology with Saltoposuchus and the discovery of these groups convinced paleontologists that these genus are not monophyletic with Sphenosuchus (not to be confused with the suborder Sphenosuchia).

title: Saltoposuchus


text:
User:Gkhan~enwiki/GeekJokes

My mission in life is to find what is the geekiest joke in the world. I am accepting submissions here. When enough good ones are submitted, there will be a vote! Now, don't be ashamed, go ahead, add the lamest jokes you know! Note, however that the shear enormity of geeky jokes make a sieving process inevitable. I will remove any jokes not up to snuff as they say. Only the very best will be able to compete!

The jokes!

 * A mathematician, a physicist and a biologist sees two people enter a house, and three people leave. "They must have reproduced in there", the biologist says. "No, obviously there were one or more people already in the house" said the physicist. Then the mathematician says "If one more person enters the building, it will be empty"
 * Told to gkhan by a friend

 * Hamlet via De Morgan's laws: Not ( (not to be) and (to be) )
 * Found at WP:BJAODN, by moink

 * 2 plus 2 equals 5 for sufficiently large values of 2
 * Found in Dr Riemann's Zeros by Karl Sabbagh

 * "Define sqrt(x) to something insane like x/rand. Bury it deep. Watch your coworkers go nuts"
 * Found in a slashdot sig (note: practical joke).

 * The INTERCAL programming language
 * Created by Don Woods and James Lyons at Princeton in 1972

--Fred-Chess 00:19, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)  "There are 10 types of people in the world... those who understand binary and those who don't."  That's only 2 types of people, kow.  STUPID
 * Is this a joke? "Linux stands for Linux, Inux, Nux, Ux, X" :-)
 * How about the old light bulb joke: "How many programmers does it take to change a light bulb? None, that's a hardware problem."
 * I'm taking another one of those: "How many software engineers does it take to change a light bulb? Two. One always leaves in the middle of the project."
 * "There are 10 kinds of people in the world: those who know how to count in binary, and those who don't." FreplySpang (talk) 23:45, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * From bash.org:
 * Nickptar 20:43, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * alternatively "There are 10 types of people in the world, those who understand binary and those who have friends." (Can't remember where that one came from) Njál 14:13, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
 * roses are #FF0000 violets are #0000FF all my base are belong to you
 * As a psychology experiment, a mathematician is placed in a room with a sink, a cooking pot, and a stove. He is asked to boil a pot of water. He takes the empty pot, fills it with water from the sink, sets it on the stove, and turns it on. Next he is led into a room with a sink, a pot full of water, and a stove. Again he is asked to boil a pot of water. He takes the pot and dumps the water out in the sink. He then announces, "I have reduced the problem to the previously solved problem."
 * Ravenswood 16:53, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

The great flood has ended and Noah is dropping the animals off from the arc, and as he bids each pair farewell he instructs them to "go forth and multiply". One year later he decides to check up on the animals to see how they're getting on - sure enough, the majority of the animals have been doing their bit to repopulate the planet, however upon reaching the snakes he finds only the original couple. "What's going on?" Noah enquires, "why haven't you had any children?". "Don't worry about it, Noah" replies one of the snakes. "If you could jusst do uss one favour, then we'll get on with it". "Sure" replies Noah, "what?". "Cut down some of these trees for us". Noah is confused but he complies, and promises to return after another year has passed. When it has, he visits to find plenty of new snakes in the area, and he is very pleased but still confused, so he tracks down the original pair: "Well, I'm very glad you two produced more snakes, but why did you need me to cut down the trees?" "Well you sseee, " replied one of the snakes, "we're adderss, sso we need logss to multiply". ::ZoFreX 04:26, 15 August 2005 (UTC) Let epsilon be smaller than zero. To get to the same side. All positive integers are interesting. Proof: Assume the contrary. Then there is a lowest non-interesting positive integer. But, hey, that's pretty interesting! A contradiction. me and nothing will be left of me...!" "Ah," says e^x, "he won't bother ME, I'm e to the x!" and he walks on. Of course he meets the differential operator after a short distance. e^x: "Hi, I'm e^x" diff.op.: "Hi, I'm d/dy" A: I can subtract it as many times as I want, and it leaves 76 every time. A: Because he left a residue at every pole. (They hear the echo several times). 15 minutes later, they hear this echoing voice: "Helllloooooo! You're lost!!" One of the men says, "That must have been a mathematician." Puzzled, one of the other men asks, "Why do you say that?" The reply: "For three reasons. (1) he took a long time to answer, (2) he was absolutely correct, and (3) his answer was absolutely useless."
 * Just a note, the above joke is very similar to an oft-cited (according to my memory) interview question for computer science candidates. Anyways, my geeky joke:
 * A bunch of Polish scientists decided to flee their repressive government by hijacking an airliner and forcing the pilot to fly them to a western country. They drove to the airport, forced their way on board a large passenger jet, and found there was no pilot on board. Terrified, they listened as the sirens got louder. Finally, one of the scientists suggested that since he was an experimentalist, he would try to fly the aircraft. He sat down at the controls and tried to figure them out. The sirens got louder and louder. Armed men surrounded the jet. The would-be pilot's friends cried out, "Please, please take off now!!! Hurry!!!" The experimentalist calmly replied, "Have patience. I'm just a simple pole in a complex plane."
 * What is the shortest mathematicians joke?
 * Why did the chicken cross the Moebius strip?
 * Interesting Theorem:
 * A constant function and e^x are walking on Broadway. Then suddenly the constant function sees a differential operator approaching and runs away. So e^x follows him and asks why the hurry. "Well, you see, there's this differential operator coming this way, and when we meet, he'll differentiate
 * "The number you have dialed is imaginary. Please rotate your phone 90 degrees and try again."
 * Q: how many times can you subtract 7 from 83, and what is left afterwards?
 * Q: Why did the mathematician name his dog "Cauchy"?
 * Three men are in a hot-air balloon. Soon, they find themselves lost in a canyon somewhere. One of the three men says, "I've got an idea. We can call for help in this canyon and the echo will carry our voices far." So he leans over the basket and yells out, "Helllloooooo! Where are we?"
 * Q: What's purple and commutes?
 * A: An abelian grape.

 * Q: What's yellow, and equivalent to the Axiom of Choice?
 * A: Zorn's Lemon.

 * Q: What's green and very far away?
 * A: The lime at infinity.

 * A physicist, a structural engineer and an economist were standed on a desert island. All the supplies they had was a packing crate full of tins of baked beans. They were discussing how to open the tin cans.
 * The engineer suggested beating them with rocks until they split.
 * The physicist relied that he could do better than that - just make a fire, surround it with banana leaves on the ground, and place the tin on the fire. When it got hot enough, the tin would rupture, spreading the now cooked beans onto the bana leaves, ready to eat.
 * The engineer and the physicist then turned to the economist and asked what contribution he could make. After a moment's thought he said..."Assume a tin-opener..."!

 * A university was making cut-backs, and was asking for suggestions on the minimum amount of equipment needed by each faculty. The mathematicians pointed out they needed only pencils, paper, and waste-baskets, but felt that the philosophy department needed only pencils and paper. (I've seen this with other liberal arts faculties as the butt as well).
 * There was a young lady named Bright,
 * who could travel much faster than light.
 * She left home one day
 * in the usual way
 * and returned the previous night!

 * Why do programmers confuse Halloween and Christmas?
 * Because OCT 31 = DEC 25

 * This one require a bit of physics knowledge:
 * Beth walks up to Darren and greets him by askingː "What's new?"
 * Darren repliesː "E over h"

What did the baby chip say to the motherboard ? A: WAAHH! WWAAHH !Martial Law 19:43, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

 * 2 atoms are walking on the street, says one atom to the other, I think I lost an electron. Says the other: Are you sure? Yes, I'm absolutely positive Webmind 19:46, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Some tourists are taking a helicopter adventure over Seattle when a fog comes up and obscures the ground. The quick-thinking pilot flies over to a high-rise, writes a message on a sheet of paper, and holds it up to the bubble of the helicopter. It reads, "Where are we?"

The people in the building scurry about, get a whiteboard, and scrawl on it, "You're in a helicopter!"

The pilot, knowing where is is, heads over towards Seatac airport to land.

When he gets out, one of the tourists asks, "How did you know where to land? That message didn't say anything?"

The pilot replied that the answer, though technically correct, was completely useless, so that had to be the Microsoft building.

writch

 * (Linux humor:)

Husband: "Make me a sandwich."

Wife: "What?? Make it yourself!"

Husband: "Sudo make me a sandwich."

Wife: "Done."

--Cheese Sandwich 15:55, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

Gags!

 * AYBABTU Cat chi? 21:46, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Gkhan~enwiki/GeekJokes


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/BT Broadband

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge/redirect (already done). CDC  (talk)  23:54, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

BT Broadband
BT merits an article - but does a service it provides? This is just a list of prices --Doc (?) 21:36, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge any useful information into BT Group plc and then redirect there.  JeremyA 21:48, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete It's just a rate sheet. --Xcali 00:43, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, or at the least redirect. -- Jonel 03:44, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect, somebody has moved the text from this article in BT Group plc. Should this be a redirect page? • Thorpe • 10:13, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Major ISP. A separate article is needed to facilitate categorisation and linkage as an internet topic. It should not be placed in a business article where many people will not think to go. Needs a total rewrite, but that is no reason for deletion. 23:30, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, yeah it is in a ISP category. Some people may only want to find out about BT Broadband and not the other services. • Thorpe • 11:30, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete and add an external link to the prices on the main BT article if this is really needed. Prices are not encylopedic.  Vegaswikian 06:53, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or Merge into BT Group plc,if keep then expand a little, and get rid of all the price nonsense. Falphin 20:03, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment someone has already merged this (including the prices) into the BT Group plc article --Doc (?) 20:48, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Pierre Poiret

Pierre Poiret Naudé (15 April 1646 – 21 May 1719) was a prominent French mystic and Christian philosopher. He was born in Metz and died in Rijnsburg.

Life and accomplishments
After the early death of his parents, he supported himself by the engraver's trade and the teaching of French, at the same time studying theology, in Basel, Hanau, and, after 1668, Heidelberg. At Basel he was captivated by Descartes' philosophy, which never quite lost its hold on him. He read also Thomas à Kempis and Tauler, but was especially influenced by the writings of the Dutch Mennonite mystic Hendrik Jansen van Barrefelt (Hiël) (c. 1520 - c. 1594), whose works were published under the pseudonym of Hiël.

In 1672 he became pastor of the French church at Annweiler in the duchy of Deux-Ponts. Here he became acquainted with Elisabeth, abbess of Herford, the granddaughter of James I of England and a noted mystic, with the Theologia Germanica, and with the writings of Antoinette Bourignon, which last supplied exactly what he wanted. The desire to make the acquaintance of this gifted woman took him to the Netherlands in 1676. He settled in Amsterdam, and published there in the following year his Cogitationes rationales de Deo, anima, et Malo, which gained him an immediate reputation for scholarship and philosophic insight. It is Cartesian in form; the Trinity is conceived in mathematical terms; all knowledge is to rest on evidence - but the end of this knowledge of God is practical, to lead distracted Christendom back to unity. The influence of Thomas à Kempis and Tauler is plainly visible.

From the Netherlands Poiret went on to Hamburg, still in quest of Antoinette Bourignon, was completely won by her at the first meeting, and until her death in 1680, he was her faithful disciple. He accompanied her in her wanderings, traveled several times as far as Holstein in connection with her exceedingly confused affairs, and returned to Amsterdam to see to the publication of her complete works, to which he prefixed a thoroughgoing defense of her and added a translation of the Göttliche Gesicht of Hans Engelbrecht, the Brunswick enthusiast. He defended her character and divine mission in a Mémoire touchant la vie de Mlle. A. Bourignon (1679), and championed her cause against Bayle and Seckendorf. He was also a warm admirer of Jane Lead. In 1688 he settled at Rijnsburg, where he busied himself on his own works and in multifarious labors for the Dutch booksellers, such as in the Dutch edition of Thierry Ruinart.

Pierre Poiret had multiple similarities to dispensationalism and has been said to have been the first theologian to develop a fully Dispensationalist system. He taught that history should be organized into multiple dispensations in which God works with humans in different ways, including the millennium as a future dispensation. Pierre also held to a future restoration of the nation of Israel.

Summary of his writings
Among his original productions may be mentioned L'Économie divine, ou système universel et démontré des oeuvres et des desseins de Dieu envers les hommes (Amsterdam, 1687; Eng. transl., The Divine Œconomy, 6 vols., London, 1713), which purports to reproduce the visionary notions of Antoinette Bourignon, but at least gives them an intelligible and consistent form. Another work, La Paix des ames dans tous les partis du Christianisme (1687), disregards the formal creeds of the various churches, and appeals to the minority of really sincere Christians, urging them to an inner union without the abandonment of their external affiliations. In De erudition, solida, superfciaria et falsa (1692), he distinguishes between superficial knowledge of the names of things and real or solid knowledge of the things themselves, which latter is to be attained by humble renunciation of one's own wisdom and will. He continued to make contributions to the philosophical and religious controversies of the time, as, for example, against Bayle and his "hypocritical" opposition to Spinoza. The work which probably ran through the most editions was the little treatise on the education of children which first appeared in 1690 a collection of his shorter writings: was frequently translated, and influenced the Pietistic controversy at Hamburg. His most permanently valuable contribution was Bibliotheca mysticorum selecta (1708), which displays an astonishing acquaintance with ancient and modern mystics, and contains valuable information on some of the less-known writers. He also published a large number of mystical writings both from the Middle Ages and from the French Pietists of the seventeenth century. In 1704 he brought out a new edition of Mme. Guyon's writings, with the addition of a treatise printed for the first time and an introduction. In spite of his devotion to her, he was not a Quietist in the ordinary sense of the word. He would not have man's relation to God one of pure passivity but of receptivity. He repudiated predestination, and condemned Pelagianism because it suppressed the feeling of inherent sinfulness in man — just as he opposed Socinianism because it did not ascribe the whole of salvation to the operation of God's grace. Mystic as he was, he knew how to combine with his own peculiar attitude a firm insistence on certain dogmatic definitions, such as that of the Trinity. He continually appealed to the authority of Scripture.

Though after 1680 he led a quiet and retired life, he was recognized widely by the scholars of his time, such as Thomasius and Bayle, Jean Le Clerc and Walch, as a man of great learning; and his zealous participation in the cause of Antoinette Bourignon did not injure his good name as a devout mystic and an honorable man. His influence persisted after his death, not merely through the work of his spiritual son Tersteegen, but through the respect which his writings won for mysticism, forcing the regular theology, as represented by Le Clerc, Lange, Buddeus, Walch, and Johann Friedrich Stapfer, to take account of it.

title: Pierre Poiret


text:
IEEE Spectrum

IEEE Spectrum is a magazine edited by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

The first issue of IEEE Spectrum was published in January 1964 as a successor to Electrical Engineering.

In 2010, IEEE Spectrum was the recipient of Utne Reader magazine's Utne Independent Press Award for Science/Technology Coverage. In 2012, IEEE Spectrum was selected as the winner of the National Magazine Awards "General Excellence Among Thought Leader Magazines" category.

title: IEEE Spectrum