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Brahim Hemdani

Brahim Hemdani (born 15 March 1978) is an Algerian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

Club career
Hemdani was born in Colombes, Hauts-de-Seine. He started his career with Cannes, where he spent two seasons. He later transferred to RC Strasbourg Alsace, spending three seasons with the club. He then joined Marseille, which he helped reach the UEFA Cup final in 2004.

Hemdani then joined Rangers on 14 June 2005 on a Bosman transfer and signed a four-year contract. He suffered from injury problems during his first season, waiting until late October to make his debut against Dundee United. Hemdani was a regular in the side from then on and helped the club reach the last 16 of the Champions League for the first time in their history. The season ended with the side finishing third in the league and trophyless. The following summer, Paul Le Guen took over as manager and Hemdani began the 2006–07 season in midfield but was moved to the centre of defence.

Hemdani scored his first goal for Rangers midway through that season, a shot from outside the box to equalise in the 88th minute of an Old Firm game on 17 December 2006. His second goal came in similar circumstances in a UEFA Cup match in March 2007, against CA Osasuna, scoring to equalise in injury time.

On 16 April 2007, Hemdani was named Rangers Player of the Year at an award ceremony, voted for by the club's fans. He made his 100th appearance for Rangers on 13 March 2008 in a UEFA Cup match against Werder Bremen, the club went on to reach the final that season, which Hemdani played the full 90 minutes of. However, this turned out to be his last match for Rangers as the 2008–09 season saw Hemdani frozen out of the first team. He left on 1 June 2009 having made a total of 108 appearances and scoring twice.

International career
Hemdani declined the chance to be included as part of the Algeria national squad on several occasions in the past. However, in February 2008 he had a change of heart and decided to play for Algeria. Hemdani made his Algerian debut in a 2010 World Cup qualifier against Senegal on 31 May 2008.

Personal life
Hemdani's family are originally from Larbaâ Nath Irathen, near Tizi Ouzou, in the Kabylie region of Algeria and he spends a significant amount of time there every year.

Club

 * Sources:

Honours
Rangers
 * Scottish League Cup: 2008
 * Scottish Cup: 2008, 2009
 * Scottish first-tier League Championships: 2009
 * UEFA Cup Final Runners up: 2007–08

Marseille
 * UEFA Cup Final Runners up: 2003–04

Individual

 * Rangers F.C. Player of the Year: 2007

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Brahim Hemdani


text:
C-sharp minor

C-sharp minor is a minor scale based on C♯, with the pitches C♯, D♯, E, F♯, G♯, A, and B. Its key signature consists of four sharps.

The C-sharp natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C-sharp harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

Its relative major is E major. Its parallel major, C-sharp major, is usually written instead as the enharmonic key of D-flat major, since C-sharp major’s key signature with seven sharps is not normally used. Its enharmonic equivalent, D-flat minor, having eight flats including the B𝄫, has a similar problem. Therefore, C-sharp minor is often used as the parallel minor for D-flat major. (The same enharmonic situation occurs with the keys of A-flat major and G-sharp minor, and in some cases, with the keys of G-flat major and F-sharp minor.)

Scale degree chords

 * Tonic – C-sharp minor
 * Supertonic – D-sharp diminished
 * Mediant – E major
 * Subdominant – F-sharp minor
 * Dominant – G-sharp minor
 * Submediant – A major
 * Subtonic – B major

Classical music in this key
There are only two known symphonies in the 18th century written in this key. One of them is by Joseph Martin Kraus, who appears to have found the key difficult since he later rewrote it in C minor. In the following two centuries, C-sharp minor symphonies remained rare. Notable examples are the second movement Adagio of Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 7, the first movement of Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 5 and Prokofiev's Symphony No. 7.

This key occurs more often in piano literature from the 18th century onwards. Domenico Scarlatti wrote just two keyboard sonatas in C-sharp minor, K. 246 and K. 247. After Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 14 (Moonlight Sonata), the key became more frequent in the piano repertoire. Beethoven himself used this key again in the outer movements of his String Quartet No. 14 (Op. 131, 1826). Even so, Johannes Brahms still felt the need to rewrite his C-sharp minor piano quartet in C minor, which was published as Piano Quartet No. 3 in C minor, Op. 60. The last intermezzo from his Three Intermezzi for piano, Op. 117 is in C-sharp minor.

Alkan composed the second movement (Adagio) for Concerto for Solo Piano in C-sharp minor.

Frédéric Chopin often wrote in this key: examples include the Fantaisie-Impromptu, Études Op. 10, No. 4 and Op. 25, No. 7, Scherzo No. 3 (Op. 39), Waltz Op. 64, No. 2, Polonaise Op. 26 No. 1, the Prelude opus 45 and Nocturnes No. 7 (Op. 27, No. 1) and No. 20 (Lento con gran espressione). More examples of works in C-sharp minor include Rachmaninoff's Prelude in C-sharp minor (Op. 3, No. 2), Scriabin's Étude in C-sharp minor, Op. 2, No. 1, Franz Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2, and Tchaikovsky's Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor.

Piano concertos written in C-sharp minor include Poulenc's Piano Concerto in C-sharp minor, FP 146 (1949), Erich Wolfgang Korngold's Piano Concerto for the Left Hand, Op. 17, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's Piano Concerto, and others by Ferdinand Ries, Xaver Scharwenka, Amy Beach, Miriam Hyde and Issay Dobrowen.

Franz Berwald and Dimitri Shostakovich wrote violin concertos in C-sharp minor.

Jules Van Nuffel wrote his psalm setting In convertendo Dominus for choir and organ in C-sharp minor.

title: C-sharp minor


text:
User talk:Tgr

 * I rarely come to the :en. If you need urgent answer, drop a note at hu:User vita:Tgr.

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You (Talk) 20:42, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Kalevala
Hey, thanks for linking to a Hungarian translation. Much appreciated. --62.173.194.7 08:33, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Sortkeys
I started a discussion at Template talk:Sortablename, since there seem to be a number of unconnected efforts to create sortkeys for sortable wikitables. ~ trialsanderrors 23:33, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Működik
Működik, azzal a különbséggel, hogy az összekötőjelek nem teljesen a helyükön vannak a betűk fölött, de az nem gond, mert valahol írja is, hogy az IE-ben soha nem fog helyesen látszani. Viszont kockák már sehol nincsenek! --TheMexican (talk) 19:30, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Egyébként nem lehetne ezt egy olyan közös helyre betenni, hogy az összes Wikiben működjön? Vagy ezt már csak az atyaúristen jogosultsággal rendelkezők tudják megtenni? :) --TheMexican (talk) 19:33, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Elvileg lehet, de fejlesztő kell hozzá. --Tgr 21:16, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Your edit to Flat Earth Society
Hi. I propose to revert your edit to Flat Earth Society because the Bedford Level experiments started in 1838, before the libels and lawsuits involving Alfred Russel Wallace. At least I will be able to deal with the request. All the best. --Old Moonraker (talk) 12:26, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Fixed, with a minor tweak only: a revert was definitely not justified, apologies for this suggestion.--Old Moonraker (talk) 12:36, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Hungary
Hey there, I just updated your WP banner WikiProject Hungary to be compliant with WikiProjectBannerShell, which allows nesting for multiple templates on a talk page (there's a bot that alerts me to new banners which need to be updated). If you don't mind my asking, where did you find the code to create your banner in the first place? I'd like to update that source as well. Thanks. — TAnthonyTalk 01:34, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

WP:MWA query

 * Moved from Sapphic's talk page:

Hi Sapphic! Is the SQL query you use to create WP:MWA public? I'm trying to do a similar page for huwiki (and too lazy to write my own :) --Tgr (talk) 21:19, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * The current version is actually a command-line PHP script that works by sorting a huge CSV file generated directly from the XML dumps (so it could more easily be broken into sub-tasks to run on individual nodes in a cluster) but I no longer have access to the same cluster hardware as I did before, and will be rewriting it as a more standard SQL query soon. I'll publish the code at WP:DBA when it's done (hopefully within a few weeks, now that I have some non-corrupt recent en-wiki dumpfiles to work from.)  --Sapphic (talk) 21:08, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

Stats tool API
Hello! You asked about this earlier; I just added an API (completely untested so far) to stats.grok.se. If you insert "/json/" into the middle of the URL, you'll get the stats in json format. Like this: http://stats.grok.se/json/en/200804/Main_page. henrik • talk  18:55, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Nyomatékos figyelmeztetés
Legközelebb a nálad biztosan inteligensebb és civilizáltabb nyilasmagyar farkaddal szórakozzál, te szánalmas véglény! Nincs elég WaSS Albínó szobor a közelben, mely előtt maszturbálhatsz buzi gárdista elvársaiddal? Azonnal törölhetsz, feljelenthetsz, bármit tehetsz, megtiszteltetésnek fogom venni, hogy a magyar nyilas wikiszerkesztők összehangolt támadása alatt állok! Üdv (ez azt jelenti, hogy "Kitartás!", hogy te is értsd): --maxval (talk) 08:34, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

Subgenomic mRNA discussion
Hello, a while ago (2008!) you made this minor edit to Subgenomic mRNA. I was just wondering how people could confuse the two?  Captain n00dle \ Talk 14:15, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

At some point, nested set redirected there. I probably should have mentioned that in the summary, but I usually forget. --Tgr (talk) 16:25, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

This is a test.
Yes it is. --93.220.103.185 (talk) 20:43, 31 August 2012 (UTC)

Help with translation
Helli Tgr, I noticed that you are involved in Safarov's article. I would like to ask you to translate this. And please let me know if it is something important and should be placed in the article.

Thanks.--Yerevanci (talk) 19:09, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

Anything important? --Yerevanci (talk) 19:55, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

It is a statement by the affected Hungarian ministries (foreign and justice). It is very short and doesn't really say much - Hungary acted in accordance with international laws, respects Armenian traditions and culture, and is saddened by the suspension of diplomatic relations. Probably this is something written in haste and there will be some more detailed statement soon - the issue has become far too big for the government to try and silently sit it out. --Tgr (talk) 20:12, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

Talk:Ramil Safarov
Hello Tgr, thank you very much for your contribution to this discussion. It looks like, you are the only Wikipedian from Hungary, who is involved in this discussion, and so you are the only one who is able to provide us with the first-hand information about the reports in the Hungarian media. Would you be so kind to provide your suggestion regarding what kind of text should be added to this article? --Daniel (talk) 04:29, 7 September 2012 (UTC)

sockpuppet/zoknibáb
A zoknibáb ellenőrzést nem tudod miként lehet? Van itt egy Transerd nevű szerkesztő aki igen hamar rátalált erre, és most jelentkezett be. Van egy sejtésem, hogy a törlést kezdeményező zoknija lehet, mert nem hiszem el, hogy újként még ismerete is van bizonyos dolgokról. Doncsecztalk 13:34, 6 January 2013 (UTC)

Ha jól látom, erre másutt már kaptál választ. --Tgr (talk) 13:52, 6 January 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Romani people in Hungary
Hi TGR, just to let you know that this RfC is now over, the content can now be edited normally in the terms discussed on the talk page. Boynamedsue (talk) 07:37, 9 May 2021 (UTC)

Survey of the Wikipedia users, help for translation
Dear @Tgr

I contact you because I've seen that you helped for the translation of the WMF's 2019 survey.

We are planing to conduct a survey of different Wikipedia language's users.

The page on the WMF Research project space is here

And the announce in the en-wikipedia here

If you had time (and will!) to help us translate the survey for the hu-wikipedia that would be great!

best,

Jullienn (talk) Jullienn (talk) 16:33, 3 March 2023 (UTC)

ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

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title: User talk:Tgr


text: User talk:70.245.157.81

title: User talk:70.245.157.81


text:
Razor Fist

Razor Fist is the name of three fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The original Razor Fist was killed off in the comic books many years ago. The next two characters to take the title were brothers. The current Razor Fist is the only surviving brother.

Razor Fist appears in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings, portrayed by Florian Munteanu.

William Young
The first Razor-Fist was an assassin, bodyguard, and enforcer employed by Carlton Velcro, working at Velcro's estate on the coast of the Gulf of Lions, southern France. Velcro surgically replaced this man's hands with steel blades. Razor Fist battled Shang-Chi and was accidentally shot to death by Carlton Velcro's guards.

Doctor Doom later constructed two robot duplicates of Razor Fist, which he pitted against Shang-Chi.

Razor Fist is later seen alive again and joins a group of Shang-Chi's enemies that includes Shen Kuei, Shockwave, Death-Hand, Shadow Stalker, Tiger-Claw, and others led by Midnight Sun that ambushes the Master of Kung Fu and Domino while the two are on a date in Hong Kong. The group is quickly defeated by the two.

William Scott
Called Razor-Fist because of his fast punches, this man and his brother took the same title and pretended to be only one person. Each brother lost one hand in a car accident, which were subsequently replaced by long knife-like stabbing weapons by Carlton Velcro. Velcro employed the brothers at his mansion on an island in the Marquesas. The brothers were assigned by Velcro to hunt down Shang-Chi and Pavane. This Razor-Fist was accidentally shot to death by Velcro.

Douglas Scott
When the current Razor-Fist and his brother battled Shang-Chi, this one was defeated and captured by Shang-Chi and Pavane. Sometime after the first brother was killed the other brother (the current Razor Fist) lost his other hand. This happened in the Daughters of the Dragon mini-series. When he came up against Colleen Wing, she managed to sever his hand.

Razor-Fist later appeared with blades on both hands. He teamed with Zaran and Shockwave to attack the West Coast Avengers on behalf of the S.H.I.E.L.D. Deltites. Razor Fist was defeated by Mockingbird, but he escaped.

Later, he began working for the crime lord Roche in Madripoor, was assigned to kill Wolverine. With the assistance of a mutant pseudo-vampire, he overpowered Wolverine and was able to knock the weakened Wolverine off a cliff. The mutant, Sapphire Styx, had drained all of Wolverine's strength with her vampiric powers. When next they fought, Wolverine barely beat him and appeared to kill him. Razor Fist's recovery from this seemingly fatal encounter has never been explained.

Fully recovered, Razor Fist fought Hawkeye in an attempt to collect a reward for Hawkeye's right arm from Crossfire. He was defeated by Hawkeye, but joined in Crossfire's mass attack on Hawkeye. He was defeated by Mockingbird again and taken into police custody.

Razor Fist was also apparently killed by Elektra when he attempted to claim a bounty that had been put on her head. As with his previous apparent death his survival has not been explained. When he next appeared, battling Spider-Man, he had a set of cybernetic prostheses with blades attached. These were severed and broken by another martial artist named Cat. After this encounter Razor Fist was sent to prison.

In the wake of the great supervillain breakout in the pages of New Avengers, Razor Fist escaped along with all the other villains. He has recently appeared in the Toxin miniseries. There, he replaced both of his prosthetic hands with actual razors, and attracted a group of young children who are victims of self-harm. He was then easily defeated by the hero and returned to prison.

Razor Fist since been hired by Hood to take advantage of the split in the superhero community caused by the Superhuman Registration Act. He later attacked the Enforcers, and Mister Fear's other bodyguards. The fight is interrupted by Daredevil who takes out Wrecker and Razor Fist who is also working for the Hood, unintentionally allowing the Enforcers to escape. He helped them fight the New Avengers but was taken down by Dr. Strange.

In "Secret Invasion", he is among the many supervillains who rejoined the Hood's crime syndicate and attacked an invading Skrull force. He joins with the Hood's gang in an attack on the New Avengers, who were expecting the Dark Avengers instead. Scorcher, Living Laser, Griffin, and Razor Fist are sent by the Hood to retrieve Tigra and Gauntlet after they flee from Norman Osborn. They attack the heroes, who are ultimately saved by Counter Force.

He was seen during the battle of Camp: H.A.M.M.E.R., until the Hood ordered him to teleport to aid Osborn in Siege of Asgard. During the battle a civilian family was hurt when the Sentry caused the entire kingdom of Asgard to collapse. The husband finds both Bucky Barnes and Steve Rogers as Captain America and asked them to help locate his family in the rubble. They find his wife but see his two daughters in the clutches of Razor Fist. Both Avengers defeat Razor Fist and leave him tied up as they search for their friends who are trapped underneath the rubble. After the battle was over, Razor Fist was arrested along with other members of the Hood's gang.

Under the employ of White Dragon, Razor Fist murders undercover MI-6 agent Leiko Wu, the lover of his leader's rival Triad clan leader Skull-Crusher, in London's Chinatown. Razor Fist and some of White Dragon's men attempt to attack Shang-Chi, who was in London investigating Leiko's death but are thwarted by the Daughters of the Dragon and flee the fight when Shang-Chi recognizes the tattoo of the Mao Shan Pai, a powerful black magic, on one of White Dragon's men. After Midnight Sun, Shang-Chi's brother and the true mastermind behind White Dragon, accidentally resurrects Leiko with the Mao Shan Pai, Razor Fist attempts to kill her a second time, only to be brutally beaten down by the black magic wielding Leiko, who then proceeds to painfully rip the blades from his arms. Before she could finish him off, she is stopped by Shang-Chi. Razor Fist and White Dragon's men are later taken into custody by Black Jack Tarr and MI-6.

During the "Search for Tony Stark" arc, Razor Fist rejoined Hood's gang and assisted in the attack on Castle Doom.

Razor-Fist accepts a contract from the Assassin's Guild to kill a man named Charles Helder but is thwarted by Deadpool, who was hired to protect Helder. While fighting Deadpool on a trolley, Razor-Fist is shoved into the street with the vehicle still moving, killing him.

Powers and abilities
Each Razor Fist has no known superhuman powers. However, each Razor Fist's physical strength, speed, stamina, agility, reflexes & reactions, coordination, balance, and endurance are honed to the peak of human conditioning. The first Razor Fist's hands were both surgically replaced with steel blades which he used as weapons, while the former two Razor Fists initially had only one hand replaced with a steel blade. The last remaining Razor Fist eventually had his other hand replaced by a similar blade as well.

Each Razor Fist is highly skilled in multiple forms of hand to razor fist combat, with extensive training in hand-to-hand combat and martial arts.

Secret Wars (2015)
In the "Secret Wars" storyline, a version of Razor Fist exists in the wuxia-inspired K'un-L'un domain of Battleworld. In this reality, Razor Fist is a student of the Ten Rings school and an enforcer of Emperor Zheng Zu, the Master of the Ten Rings. His is a master of The Mortal Blade, a Ten Rings technique that makes his hands razor sharp. Razor Fist, along with fellow Ten Rings members Typhus and Nighthawk attempt to arrest Shang-Chi, the exiled son of the emperor, only to be easily defeated by the Master of Kung Fu. For his failure, Emperor Zu cuts off both of Razor Fist's hands as punishment.

In other media

 * Razor Fist appears in Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings, portrayed by Florian Munteanu. This version is a Romanian member of the Ten Rings who initially sports a retractable machete for a right hand before adopting a blade made from dragon scales to combat the Dweller-in-Darkness' soul-stealers. While he goes unnamed in the film, a deleted scene identifies Razor Fist as Matthias. Additionally, he was adopted by the Ten Rings' leader Wenwu at a young age.
 * The Douglas Scott incarnation of Razor Fist appears in Marvel Avengers Alliance. He is killed as part of a ritual sacrifice and later found by a group of heroes.

title: Razor Fist


text: User talk:212.219.245.253

title: User talk:212.219.245.253


text:
User talk:Eweisser

Senate Image
Hi Eweisser. I'm sorry -- I'm completely embarrassed. I thought that was a current map of the US Senate, which of course would make it completely in error! I didn't read the full details. I'm sorry! I've removed the text I added to the description and will replace the image later when I have a chance. --Quasipalm 21:08, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Welcome, too
Hey, I saw you on the new user log, and I noticed you making redirects for some of the congress articles. Just to let you know, there is a big list of red links at Most_wanted_articles, many of which need redirecting because of the numbers written rather than spelled out. Also, see the red links of sessions that still need articles at List of United States Congresses. There also seem to be a few articles related to Congress missing, so here's just a few: joint session of Congress, discharge motion, Congressional hearing, and committee chairperson. Anyway, just some suggestions. Keep up the good work, and rest assured you are appreciated. Don't hesitate to ask me any quetions you might have about Wikipedia on my talk page. --Dmcdevit 07:33, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks like that project never really got off the ground. If you want to revive it, I would make an announcement on the Village Pump and other places like that, as well as notifying those old members. But really, you could do fine on your own. I find WikiProjects are useful for three things. First, they are good ways for related editors to discuss and reach consensus on topic-specific items, like layout, etc. Second, it's a great place to post things like a to-do list, open tasks, etc., where interested editors who don't know what to do can get ideas (or the converse: it's a place for interested editors to find out where they can help). Finally, it's a good place to network with other editors and discuss the topic. Right now it seems you're only lacking the last, as there is already both a list of tasks (which could do with updating) and a defined template and naming convention. And by the way, there are no distinctions made with regards to editing on Wikipedia. You don't need to be worried about the "official" participants, feel free to do what you think is right. I'm not sure I really answered your question, so don't be shy about if I didn't, but I hope that helps! --Dmcdevit 05:08, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Congresses
Hiya. First, let me say thank you for doing some of the Congresses by Session. I have been wishing for a long time that someone would start that up again... I can't really do it. My mind just starts to fizzle when I try to compile a list like that. Second, let me make a suggestion... the Alphabetical lists of Senators get really confusing. No one really has a sense of what states elected who. So, I would suggest doing it like the Ninety-ninth United States Congress format, where the Representatives and Senators are grouped by states... It's more comprehensible, I think. I can help you with that, if you want. And I can also help on the whole congress by session thing in general, I just could never do that on my own, since the mind frizzling thing :P. YourNickname 17:36, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hello
Whoops! I was working on something, but I didn't mean to link my user page to the list of Congresses. I’m done and it shouldn’t be linked anymore. Standardization would be a good idea. I’ve been basing my pages on the Fifty-seventh United States Congress. One thing I’ve been meaning to do is get in touch with User:JeLuF because his pages seem to use some sort of computer program for compiling the lists of members. Also, all the links at Most Wanted for congresses use the wrong format for the names. I started a 43rd United States Congress and then had to have an admin move it so that other things linked to it. Someone did the same thing for 64th United States Congress. Can we do anything about this? I won’t be available next week, but when I come back I’ll do some more work on this. I'm glad to learn I'm not the only one who likes funny names :) Kkatastrophe 8 July 2005 06:46 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Eweisser


text:
Clubmen

Clubmen were bands of local defence vigilantes during the English Civil War (1642–1651) who tried to protect their localities against the excesses of the armies of both sides in the war. They sought to join together to prevent their wives and daughters being raped by soldiers of both sides, themselves being forcibly conscripted to fight by one side or the other, their crops and property being damaged or seized by the armies and their lives threatened or intimidated by soldiers, battle followers, looters, deserters or refugees. As their name suggests, they were mostly armed with cudgels, flails, scythes and sickles fastened to long poles. They were otherwise unarmed.

Initially Clubmen gatherings came together spontaneously in response to the actions of soldiers in their localities but as the war went on Clubmen in some areas were organised by the local gentry and churchmen and were a force which both sides in the war had to take into account when planning a campaign and garrisoning some areas, particularly in the south and west. The Clubmen, distinguishing themselves by white ribbands, were of a third party, neither Royalist nor Parliamentarian, and they were repressed severely by the authorities on both sides. Though Lord Fairfax met with Clubmen and negotiated with them, eventually he moved against them.

Woodbury Declaration
Organised Clubmen in Worcestershire met on Woodbury Hill on 5 March 1645 and under the leadership of Charles Nott, the parson of Shelsley drew up the Woodbury Declaration, which protests at the "utter ruin by the outrages and violence of the soldier; threatening to fire our houses; endeavouring to ravish our wives and daughters, and menacing our persons", and presented it to Henry Bromley (of Holt), the Royalist Sheriff of Worcestershire.

Dispersing the Clubmen
In theory, the Clubmen of Dorset and Wiltshire operated as a single group, but in practice they were divided, with the Clubmen from the Langport area explicitly dissociating themselves from other areas within the broad region. This division contributed to differing reactions to the arrival of the Parliamentarians and their New Model Army in mid-1645; the Langport Clubmen assisted the Parliamentarians, while the broader Dorset-Wiltshire Clubmen rose up against them.

Historian Ronald Hutton theorizes that the reason for the different reaction is due to their differing experiences within the war. The Langport Clubmen had only experienced occupation by the "underpaid and unruly royalists", while the Dorset-Wiltshire Clubmen had experienced occupation by both the Royalists and by the Parliamentarians.

In Dorset, on 2 August 1645, Colonel Charles Fleetwood surrounded and dispersed 1,000 Clubmen at Shaftesbury. Stiffer resistance was met by Oliver Cromwell in attacking a larger group in the ancient hillfort on Hambledon Hill. An hour's fighting killed 60 Clubmen and captured 400, half of whom were wounded. They were held in the church at Shroton. Parliamentarian sources claimed that they had been stirred up by "malignant priests", for vicars and curates were among the captives. Those who swore to the Covenant were subsequently released, the others sent to London.

Failure of peace negotiations
As the Civil War continued, the Clubmen began to grow increasingly impatient with the lack of seriousness in the approach of both King and Parliament to signing any relevant or significant peace treaty. The longer the war continued, the more substantial the negative impact on local communities, via plundering and heavy taxation. A peace treaty was therefore highly sought after by ordinary people and so Parliament and Charles I's failure in establishing one only served to increase tension and give further motivations and aims to the Clubmen. These were demonstrated largely through physical demonstrations and print culture, particularly in pamphlets.

title: Clubmen


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ramdenee

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 01:13, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Ramdenee
Another vanity article of a non-notable college student. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 20:47, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * How many college students are "brilliant"? Oh.  Delete --Xcali 21:32, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Really, we should create a special space for vanity bands and non-notable college students. Then we could tell them all, "oh we didn't delete your article, we moved it to the special place!" -- BD2412 talk 22:03, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * Delete nn college vanity. --Etacar11 22:52, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Is that anything like telling someone they're a WP:VIP? --Xcali 23:03, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Something like it, yep. :-D  -- BD2412  talk 04:58, 2005 Jun 15 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 06:13, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Seán Heuston Bridge

Seán Heuston Bridge is a cast-iron bridge spanning the River Liffey beside Heuston Station in Dublin, Ireland. It was previously named King's Bridge and Sarsfield Bridge - and the bridge and adjacent train station are still commonly referred to by older Dubliners as "Kings Bridge" and "Kings Bridge Station" respectively. Previously used for road traffic, the bridge now carries pedestrian and Luas (tram) traffic.

Origins
Originally designed by George Papworth to carry horsedrawn traffic, the foundation stone was laid on 12 December 1827. The iron castings for the bridge were produced at the Royal Phoenix Iron Works in nearby Parkgate Street. (The foundry which also produced the parapets for the upstream Lucan Bridge). Construction completed in 1828, and the bridge was opened with the name Kings Bridge to commemorate a visit by King George IV in 1821.

The bridge has an overall width of just under 9 meters.

Renamings
In 1923 the bridge was renamed as Sarsfield Bridge after Patrick Sarsfield (1655–1693), and in 1941 it was again renamed as the Seán Heuston Bridge for Seán Heuston (1891–1916), who was executed for his part in the 1916 Easter Rising.

Luas
After the Frank Sherwin Bridge was opened nearby in the 1980s, Seán Heuston Bridge was no longer used to carry road traffic. It was restored in 2003 and now carries Luas tram traffic on the red line.

title: Seán Heuston Bridge


text:
Talk:Qemant people

Graham Hancock
I can't help noticing that Graham Hancock is listed as a reference here. Can someone point out which bits come from that source, so they can be checked with due care? His academic reputation is hardly good... - Mustafaa 20:48, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I created this page because I was interrested in these people and the ancient form of Judaism, which I had read about in Graham Hancock's book the Sign and The Seal. So if you check my original version, all info there comes from that book. You will see that it is quite accurate. also you must note that this was his first book to by widely published (before, he was a reporter). His later books contain much more fiction and mumbo-jumbo, I agree on that, but TS&TS really is a great book. Patrick1982 21:43, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I am the creator of this wikipage about the Qemant, see Here for my final version.
 * Um...I'm concerned by your the assertion that the religion of the Qemant is an "ancient form of Judaism", which should be reflected by my edits. There is no indication that their religion is an ancient form of Judaism, at least not that I've been able to ascertain, although it is variously claimed that it is a primitivistic form of Judaism.  This is a POV claim, asserting simultaneously that animism and paganism are "primitive", and that Judaism developed out of animism and paganism rather than as a result of a revelation.  While it is clear even from the historical testimony of Judaism's sacred writings, that the earliest adherents of what we regard as the most ancient forms of "Judaism" were, prior to their "conversion", pagans or pantheists or, arguably, animists, there is little evidence that Judaism actually evolved from such belief systems.  Tomer TALK  08:54, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * This is not my POV, but that of the American scholar Frederic C. Gamst. I see no reason to doubt the view of a scholar, unless another scholar brings a new theory forward with credible evidence. I think I can obtain I copy of his book in 1 or 2 weeks, so I could then perhaps provide more info.There have been little books written on the Qemant people, and it must be noted that there is only a small percentage of their people still practising this old religion, the main part of the population has been converted to christianity.
 * Fine. I modified my comment.  It wasn't meant to be an attack on you, but rather a comment about the fact that the assertion is inherently not written in accordance with NPOV, no matter who makes it. Tomer TALK  17:50, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

Population
Mustafaa gives a estimated population of 172,000 people. However, I cannot find any refferences to this number on the internet. Actually most websites give the number 20,000 - 25,000 people. This estimate would make more sence to me. I will however not change the article at this moment, untill someone can provide more info. Patrick1982 21:43, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * My reference is a book, The Kemantney Language. However, the figure is confirmed by Ethnologue, Humboldt-Kosmos, and Dr. David Appleyard, and derives ultimately from the national census. - Mustafaa 21:59, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Name
Is Qemant correct? The Encyclopaedia Aethiopica has their article at Kəmant (can also be transliterated as Kimānt), and I'm inclined to believe them. — ዮም  |  (Yom)  |  Talk  • contribs • Ethiopia 04:58, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

"Qemant" is the form used by F. Gamst in the book he wrote about them after his anthropological field study, so it is the established form. J S Ayer (talk) 03:18, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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NPOV and Unreliable Sources
I have a concern about two of the sources cited in the article, which currently make up most of the "history" section. One is Graham Hancock, a popular press pseudo-archaeologist, who is definitively considered to be an unreliable source for any claim on Wikpedia, per RSN. He's reporting something a priest said in an alleged interview; I can't find any secondary evidence outside Hancock's book that this man even exists. However, I have no reason to doubt that he does or that Graham met him.

But the entire section is dependent on Graham's description, first saying that it is an "ancient legend", "oral history", etc. These are the sorts of claims Graham shouldn't be used for, given his unscientific theories and lack of research methodology. And since it's necessarily sourced to his book, I doubt any of it can be used. So I'll be taking it out.

The second source is Yohannes Wolde Mariam, the book being cited called "Yealem Tarik", published in 1948. To be clear, this is not the university professor of the same name; I'm not sure the latter would have even been born yet. I've been completely unable to track down any copy of the book, even one in Amharic, let alone an English translation. However (and correct me if I'm mistaken), I think I have identified the author. From what I could gather, he's an evangelical missionary, who also served as translator for other missionaries after the Italian fascists were driven out. If this person is the identified author of the text, then it likely makes sense that I wouldn't be able to find the text, if it was a text produced for missionary purposes. It does seem to use a creationist dating, but one would expect a folk tale to do so.

I'm only somewhat confident in my identification of the author, and its from incidental mentions. As I said, I can't find the book. If I'm wrong, please tell me, and feel free to discuss it here.

Whatever the provenance of the second source, the whole point of having references is so that we have verifiable citations, and from contextually reliable sources.

In an article about an ethnic, linguistic, or ethnolinguistic group... I would posit that such sourcing be ones that are peer-reviewed, academic, and/or at least subject to editorial oversight and fact checking. Otherwise, incorrect information spreads very quickly.

With that being said, I'll be removing both the quotations and analysis cited to those non-RSes.

As for the latter, see the edit summary for the Yohannes W.M. removal. I do have some concern that all mention I could find of author/book paired together was cyclical, and was just the same copied reference from Wikipedia. This is used a ref on a few pages on here, and it's always the same pages. Quinto Simmaco (talk) 04:00, 9 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Qemant people


text:
Parren Mitchell

Parren James Mitchell (April 29, 1922 – May 28, 2007) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Congressman affiliated with the Democratic Party representing the 7th congressional district of Maryland from January 3, 1971, to January 3, 1987. He was the first African American elected to Congress from Maryland.

Early life
Mitchell was born in Baltimore, Maryland. His father, Clarence Maurice Mitchell, was a waiter, and his mother, Elsie Davis Mitchell, was a homemaker. Mitchell graduated from Frederick Douglass Senior High School in Baltimore in 1940. Mitchell served as an officer in the 92nd Infantry Division during World War II, and was wounded in Italy; he received the Purple Heart. He earned his bachelor's degree from Morgan State University, and his master's degree from the University of Maryland, College Park. In 1950, Mitchell sued the then segregated University of Maryland for admission to the graduate school with support from the Baltimore Branch of the NAACP, and won admission. When he graduated he was the first African-American to do so from that school.

Before entering graduate school, Mitchell participated in the early civil rights activity in Baltimore. These included protests against segregated seating at Ford's Theatre in downtown Baltimore City, and unequal funding for teacher training programs in the city's segregated black school system in 1948. Parren Mitchell was the brother of the late Clarence Mitchell Jr., who was head of the NAACP's Washington office and was one of Lyndon Johnson's chief advisers during the Civil Rights Movement.

Congressional career
In 1968, Mitchell challenged nine-term Democratic incumbent Samuel Friedel in the Democratic primary and lost. He sought a rematch in 1970, and this time defeated Friedel by only 38 votes. He then breezed to an election in November, becoming the first African-American elected to Congress from Maryland. After the 1970 census, the 7th was redrawn as a black-majority district—Maryland's first. Mitchell was reelected seven more times from this district, never dropping below 75 percent of the vote. He even ran unopposed in 1974 and 1984 and only faced minor-party opposition in 1976 and 1978.

Mitchell was one of the founding members of the Congressional Black Caucus. One of his first actions with the caucus was to boycott President Richard M. Nixon's State of the Union address in 1971 after Nixon refused to meet the group. Nixon met the caucus weeks later.

In 1983 he joined with 7 other Congressional Representatives to sponsor a resolution to impeach Ronald Reagan over his sudden and unexpected invasion of Grenada.

During his 16-year career, he fought for affirmative action legislation. As Chairman of the Small Business Committee, Mitchell attached an amendment to a $4 billion public works bill that compelled state and local governments, seeking federal grants, to set aside 10% of the funds to retain minority firms as contractors and subcontractors.

Mitchell also mentored several dozen young up and coming leaders, several of whom still hold public office. Maryland House of Delegates majority whip Talmadge Branch was an early aide, Delegate Nathaniel Oaks volunteered in Mitchell's early campaigns, as did Delegates Sandy Rosenberg and Curt Anderson.

Mitchell initiated a congressional investigation into Wedtech where bribes were alleged to have been offered in return for no bid military contracts. His nephews State Senators Clarence Mitchell III and Michael Mitchell ended up serving time in Federal prison for their parts in the scandal. In 1986 Mitchell retired from Congress to run unsuccessfully for Lieutenant Governor of Maryland as the running mate of Attorney General Stephen H. Sachs. In later years, after a series of strokes, he was placed in a nursing home but still made periodic appearances at community events.

Death and legacy
Mitchell died on May 28, 2007, of pneumonia at Greater Baltimore Medical Center in Towson, Maryland, after being hospitalized for a week. He was 85.

On June 5, 2007, more than 1,000 people paid their last respects to the Congressman at the St. James' Episcopal Church in west Baltimore. Maryland Senators Ben Cardin and Barbara Mikulski paid tributes to Mitchell on behalf of the United States Senate; Speaker Nancy Pelosi paid tribute on behalf of the House of Representatives; Judiciary Chairman Representative John Conyers on behalf of the Congressional Black Caucus; and Governor Martin O'Malley on behalf of the state of Maryland. Congressman Elijah Cummings delivered the eulogy saying: "He earned the trust of people throughout the country and the world because he was constantly building bridges for others to cross, while tearing down the walls that had excluded them."

On December 3, 2015, the University of Maryland, College Park held a dedication ceremony renaming the Art/Sociology Building in his honor.

In November 2023, Baltimore elected officials announced plans to renovate Mitchell's house into the West Baltimore Civic and Entrepreneurship Center, which will include a gallery showcasing his life and career in Congress. The renovations are expected to cost around $2.2 million, including $1.5 million in state funding, and will take two years to complete.

title: Parren Mitchell


text:
Talk:Amanda

Meaning
Amanda means "One worthy of love and wisdom," derived from the Latin root "amare," "to love."
 * Amanda is the female future passive participle of amare (which shares form with the gerundive) meaning, literally, "(a woman) having to be loved." Icarus' Dream (talk) 03:21, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

List
Can I propose that the list of people with first name Amanda is removed, or at least drasticly shortened. DJ Clayworth 18:41, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree completely.GfloresTalk 19:58, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

First appearance
Reference found in this online database.
 * Click Raadpleeg/Search
 * Click all seven check boxes at top of form.
 * Enter 1000-1700 for 'period'.
 * Enter Amanda for 'voornaam/firstname'.
 * Click 'Zoeken'.

Amanda is named as mother in 1678, so the name first appears when the mother is born in 1650's or earlier (mid seventeeth century). The above website only searches one small part of Dutch DTB records; so might not be the "absolute first" appearance; in any case, the name appears before the "later seventeenth century in England" as stated previously.--Fbax 14:46, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Redirect
Why does 1313 (number) redirect here? That's ridiculous.

Shortening the list
On the subject of shortening the list previously brought up in the Talk section; I would suggest that only the acronyms and the Norwegian film award should remain on the page, because they are the only things that add new information to the meaning of the name. A listing of people who share the first name sheds no light on the significance of the name; not to mention many of the listings are a bit petty (such as minor TV characters).

Origin
the article says it is from a Latin word meaning lovable. other sites might even tell you that the name was first used for some 17th century play. What it won't say is the truth: it is a feminized form of the no-longer-popular name Amand. And the most famous Amand was St. Amand of Maastricht, a Catholic bishop. Because he was a famous saint in France, the name Amanda for girls historically starts in the late 7th/early 8th centuries, NOT the 17th century. 08:34, 2 February 2007 (UTC)
 * All well and good, but remember that information in Wikipedia must be verifiable, and that means citing a reliable source. →Ollie (talk • contribs) 18:45, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Date error in article
The name "Amanda" first appeared in 2007 on a birth record from Warwickshire, England, and five centuries later the name was popularized by poets and playwrights.

I'm not sure what the correction would be but 2007 seems completely wrong

Klynchk (talk) 23:14, 15 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Fixed. You just have to go back through the history so see what the correct(?) year is. Clarityfiend (talk) 00:52, 16 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amanda


text:
Warini

The Varini, Warni or Warini were one or more Germanic peoples who originally lived in what is now northeastern Germany, near the Baltic Sea.

They are first named in the Roman era, and appear to have survived into the Middle Ages. It is proposed that in Old English they were called Werns or Warns.

Name and etymology
Tacitus spelled the name as Varini, Pliny the Elder as Varinnae, Ptolemy as Viruni (Ούίρουνοι), Procopius as Varioi (Οὐάρνων). Later attestations include Wærne or Werne in the Old English Widsith, and Warnii in the Lex Thuringorum.

The name supposedly meant either "defenders" or "living by the river" (from the Indo-European root "water, rain, river").

Classical
The earliest mention of this tribe appears in Pliny the Elder's Natural History (published about 77 AD). He wrote that there were five Germanic races, and one of these were the Vandals. These included the Burgodiones, the Varinnae, the Charini (not known from any other record) and the Gutones (Goths).

Tacitus (about AD 56 – 120) gave more information about the early Varini in his Germania. In contrast to Pliny he mentioned them as one of a group of remote Suevian peoples, living beyond (east and possibly also north of) the Semnones and Langobardi who lived near the Elbe, and apparently close to the "Ocean" (which could be the Baltic Sea). He did not mention that they were Vandili.

!style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"|(English translation) !style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;"|(Original Latin)
 * "Next come the Reudigni, the Aviones, the Anglii, the Varini, the Eudoses, the Suardones, and Nuithones who are fenced in by rivers or forests.
 * "Reudigni deinde et Aviones et Anglii et Varini et Eudoses et Suarines et [2] Nuitones fluminibus aut silvis muniuntur.
 * None of these tribes have any noteworthy feature, except their common worship of Ertha [the Latin says Nerthus], or mother-Earth, and their belief that she interposes in human affairs, and visits the nations in her car.
 * nec quicquam notabile in singulis, nisi quod in commune Nerthum, id est Terram matrem, colunt eamque intervenire rebus hominum, invehi populis arbitrantur.
 * In an island of the ocean there is a sacred grove, and within it a consecrated chariot, covered over with a garment. Only one priest is permitted to touch it.
 * est in insula Oceani castum nemus, dicatumque in eo vehiculum, veste contectum; [3] attingere uni sacerdoti concessum.
 * He can perceive the presence of the goddess in this sacred recess, and walks by her side with the utmost reverence as she is drawn along by heifers.
 * is adesse penetrali deam intellegit vectamque bubus feminis multa cum veneratione prosequitur.
 * It is a season of rejoicing, and festivity reigns wherever she deigns to go and be received.
 * laeti tunc dies, festa loca, quaecumque [4] adventu hospitioque dignatur.
 * They do not go to battle or wear arms; every weapon is under lock; peace and quiet are known and welcomed only at these times, till the goddess, weary of human intercourse, is at length restored by the same priest to her temple.
 * non bella ineunt, non arma sumunt; clausum omne ferrum; pax et quies tunc tantum nota, tunc tantum amata, donec idem sacerdos satiatam [5] conversatione mortalium deam templo reddat.
 * Afterwards the car, the vestments, and, if you like to believe it, the divinity herself, are purified in a secret lake. Slaves perform the rite, who are instantly swallowed up by its waters.
 * mox vehiculum et vestis et, si credere velis, numen ipsum secreto lacu abluitur. servi ministrant, quos statim idem lacus haurit.
 * Hence arises a mysterious terror and a pious ignorance concerning the nature of that which is seen only by men doomed to die.
 * arcanus hinc terror sanctaque ignorantia, quid sit illud quod tantum perituri vident.
 * This branch indeed of the Suevi stretches into the remoter regions of Germany."
 * Et haec quidem pars Sueborum in secretiora Germaniae porrigitur"
 * --Tacitus, ''Germania, 40, translated 1877 by Church and Brodribb.
 * --Tacitus, ''Germania, 40.
 * }
 * Hence arises a mysterious terror and a pious ignorance concerning the nature of that which is seen only by men doomed to die.
 * arcanus hinc terror sanctaque ignorantia, quid sit illud quod tantum perituri vident.
 * This branch indeed of the Suevi stretches into the remoter regions of Germany."
 * Et haec quidem pars Sueborum in secretiora Germaniae porrigitur"
 * --Tacitus, ''Germania, 40, translated 1877 by Church and Brodribb.
 * --Tacitus, ''Germania, 40.
 * }
 * --Tacitus, ''Germania, 40, translated 1877 by Church and Brodribb.
 * --Tacitus, ''Germania, 40.
 * }

Surviving versions of a third source, the second century Geography by Ptolemy, included the Viruni (Greek Ούίρουνοι) in their description of eastern Germania, but these are difficult to interpret and have apparently become corrupted. These describe the Viruni as being near the otherwise unknown Teutonoari. Gudmund Schütte suggested that this name is an error combining the Teutones and "Aoaroi", and would equate the later to the Varini (Ouarni) as a doubling-up error. Together these two peoples were surrounded by:
 * The Elbe to their west. Schütte (e.g. p. 34) reconstructs Ptolomy's intentions in such a way that the Langobards were living in this area.
 * A river called the Chalusus to the east, beyond which the surviving versions of Ptolemy's Geography name the Teutones and Avarni. Schütte (p. 44) proposes this to be another doubling-up of two peoples, caused by misunderstandings of copyists. East of them, in turn is another unknown river the "Suevos" and a people called the Aelvaeones.
 * Saxons to their north, between the Elbe and Chalusus rivers. Some scholars such as Matthias Springer believe the text originally said "Aviones". To the east of these Saxons over the Chalusus, are the Farodini (otherwise unknown).
 * The Semnones, a large Suevian people, lay to their south. Their territory stretches east of the Chalusus, as far as the Suevos.

The three accounts appear to describe a similar area, east of the Elbe. It is perhaps in the area of Mecklenburg, where one of the main rivers is called the Warnow and a town is called Warnemünde.

Ptolemy also plotted the position of a town named Virunum at 40°30' longitude and 55° latitude using his system. This can however be interpreted as east of the Chalusus River, between the "Suevus" and "Viadua" rivers, which both lay between the Chalusus and the Vistula according to him. The town Οὐιρουνον (Virunum) has been identified as somewhere near modern-day Drawsko Pomorskie.

Late antiquity
From the time of Theoderic the Great and Clovis I, a letter has been preserved which Theoderic wrote to the kings of the Warni, Heruls and Thuringians.

The Warini were mentioned by Procopius in the 6th century, implying that the Varini had a very large territory in his time. Procopius situates the Varni bordering the Franks, with only the river Rhine between them, but also stretching to the coast. Their king Hermegisclus had made a strategic alliance with the Frankish ruler Theudebert I (ruler Austrasia 533-547), marrying his sister Theudechild. However, in contrast he had engaged his son with the sister of the Anglian ruler. Before his death he expressed the wish to have his son married to his stepmother Theudechild instead. As a result when king Hermegisclus died, the Warinis compelled his son Radigis to marry his stepmother. The maiden, who is not named in the story, did not accept this, and crossed the North Sea with an army of 400 ships and 100,000 men, seeking retaliation. After a battle won by the Anglians, Radigis was caught hiding in a wood not far from the mouth of the Rhine and had no other choice than to marry his fiancée.

He also wrote in passing that when the Heruls (Eruli) had been defeated by the Lombards, some of them moved to Scandinavia (which he called Thule). When other Heruls sought to find them years later, they crossed the Danube (Ister), went through the lands of the Slavs (Sclaveni) and after a barren region, they came to the land of the Warni. After these Warni they passed through the land of the Danes, and then crossed the sea from there to Scandinavia, where they found them living with the Geats (Gautoi).

Others, however, question Procopius's reliability for this northern region. Modern scholars claim that the area north of the Rhine may have been under Frankish control during the greater parts of the 6th and 7th centuries, at least since the defeat of the Danish sea-king Hygelac in 526.

According to the chronicle of Fredegar the Varni or Warni rebelled against the Merovingian Franks in 594 and were bloodily defeated by Childebert II in 595 (the year he died) "so that few of them survived". Many modern historians believe that this is likely to refer to the Thuringians.

The Warini also appear in the title of a 9th-century legal codex, Lex Angliorum et Werinorum hoc est Thuringorum (Law of the Angles and Warini, that is, of the Thuringians), which has much in common with Frankish, Frisian and Saxon law codes.

Recent research suggests that they were part of a Thuringian federation, which dominated Northern Germany from Atilla's death in 453 to the middle of the 6th century when they were crushed by the Franks. Their military fame might explain why the names of the Warini and Thuringians have been mentioned in a much wider area, extending even beyond the Rhine. Their home country seems to have been the district between the rivers Saale and Elster, which was called Werenofeld (around Eisleben).

When the region east of the Elbe became Slavic-speaking, a group in this region continued to be called Warnabi, perhaps representing assimilated Varni.

The Warini are mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon poem Widsith as the Wærne or Werne.

The name Billing, mentioned in Widsith, might be related to the ancestors of the Saxon Billung-family.

title: Warini


text:
Phagor

Phagor may refer to:

 * Phagor, a biblical city mentioned in the Greek (Septuagint) version of the Book of Joshua
 * The phagors, a race of fictional creatures in Brian Aldiss' Helliconia trilogy.

title: Phagor


text:
Talk:MTB 102

Moving
I reverted the name for readability as much as that common practice seems to put a space between MTB and the number. GraemeLeggett 20:51, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * According to Naming conventions (ships) the article should be named HMS MTB102 for consistency with HMS A1, HMS E11, HMS M1 etc. But maybe there's a good reason for it to be different? Gdr 21:17, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)

 * It doesn't appear to have a pennant number per se, consider the examples of U 238 etc. I am looking for examples of how the Navy did it. GraemeLeggett 21:34, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I've found no examples of MTB's taking HMS before there number. so it goes to "MTB 102" GraemeLeggett 09:28, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

DONT BELIVE ANT THING

Wartime service
You can find some details of wartime service here.
 * 9 Aug 1939 Review of the British Reserve Fleet - and other units, totalling 133 ships, took place in Weymouth Bay. King George VI arrived in the yacht VICTORIA and ALBERT on the 8th......motor torpedo boats  MTB.22, MTB.102
 * 10 Jun 1940 3rd Motor Torpedo Boat Flotilla (Training Flotilla) - MTB.100 (Lt S L B Maybury) arr 6 Jun,  MTB.102 (Lt C W S Dreyer) arr 5 Jun, both arr  Portsmouth
 * And others

Confusion between MTB 102 and HSL 102
On at least two occasions editors have confused this article by getting mixed up between MTB 102 and HSL 102. In December 2011 an editor included a photo of HSL 102; I have reverted thhat addition and a subsequent edit arising from that confusion. The 2 boats are listed separately in Coastal_Forces_of_the_Royal_Navy, and in other sources. It would be wise to keep an eye open for similar confusion in future. - David Biddulph (talk) 01:46, 25 March 2012 (UTC)

Jubilee Pageant
I've removed the claim that MTB 102 was the only Second World War Navy vessel at the 2012 Queen's Diamond Jubilee Pageant. ML 1397 Medusa was there, as were numerous Dunkirk Little Ships (although not necessarily Navy, they were in wartime service). Ranger Steve  Talk  15:09, 4 November 2013 (UTC)

D-day inspection
The article mentions that the boat was used, in 1944, as the craft aboard which both Churchill & Eisenhower rode to inspect the D-day invasion fleet. Would this really be so?

MTB 102 was a small vessel with poor seakeeping and very little space. Giving a poor ride at any speed above slow in any water except flat calm, she would have been a very cramped little boat for the two most important men in the British Isles at the time aside from the King. There seems to be a dearth of images of this event, in any case.

As far as the King himself goes, His Majesty inspected the Invasion Fleet from the decks of HMS Scylla (a light cruiser) and transferred from her decks to shore via the Fairmile Type 'B' Rescue Motor Launch RML 529. This boat had plenty of extra freeboard, plus an enclosed deckhouse aft (for use originally as a sickbay) which would have permitted HRH to be inside a cabin should he have needed to. Moreover, her size and fullness of hull, together with her extensive self-defence armament of 2-pdr, Oerlikon and MGs would have afforded both a better ride and better protection for her VIP passenger.

An image of the RML, flying the Royal Standard, is available on IWM: https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205155692

As i say, no similar photo of Churchill & Eisenhower on board a very small, weakly-gunned, old MTB seems to be discoverable by myself. Yet many images exist of both men together, in posed publicity shots taken during wartime, so this absence of evidence seems an oddity.

The MTB had already been transferred away from flotilla duties (and a training flotilla at that) to the RASC. Would such an obscure old and small boat really have been brought back into regular service to be Ike's taxi? Or would they have used something newer, in better condition, better self-defending, roomier and more suitable for the role of motor yacht?

This seems very dubious. 2A00:23C7:3119:AD01:3CC3:E6B0:BEA9:DC74 (talk) 20:17, 24 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:MTB 102


text:
Talk:Network-centric warfare

Overall Rework
I'm starting a To-Do list here. I think it may be easier to initially restructure this article as a series of short sections with links to the (numerous) other pages that discuss salient aspects of NCW/NCO. Otherwise, we'll just duplicate all that other work. JXM 06:29, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Prior Discussion
I'm ading the stub tag intill some one adds the basics of the doctren and not only examples. --maayan 20:51, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Network centric warfare is not an exclusivly american docterine.All 1st world powers are moving into this direction.

One of the countries developing rapidly to a centric warfare enviroment is The Netherlands. Specially there army is building a centric warfare system. One of the conclusions at this point is that datacom by radio is a show stopper.

Information Revolution section POV
I put an NPOV warning on this section. It cites no references and sounds like propaganda. I also added a request for an expert for this whole article. --205.250.250.154 06:58, 12 January 2006 (UTC) I agree about with the propaganda comment. I have professional links with the NCW/NCO community and will try to find time to rework this article in the next few days. JXM 06:51, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

Questions from someone who's researching this topic: Is this NPOV warning still valid? If so, what has been done to correct it? Inquiring minds want to know... --Gravinos ( "Politics" is the stench that rises from human conflict. ) 05:25, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

US Doctrine
Copied from User talk:Khendon I disagree with your addition of US military to the NCW page. The term extends beyond the US - see for example the extended international membership in the NCOIC (www.ncoic.org). Unless you have thoughts to the contrary, I'd recommend changing it back. JXM 04:24, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hm. I'm not an expert, but I've always heard of NCW as a US doctrine. I know for sure that it's not a UK doctrine - there's a similar but subtly different doctrine called network-enabled operations. Perhaps we can fold that in though. --Khendon 07:28, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * How's that? I think it would be useful also to separate out the generic information about the doctrine from the purely US issues. --Khendon 07:48, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

The revised intro is certainly a bit sharper now, although the nuance about NCO being a broader term should probably be restored in some way. We should probably also redirect the UK NEO term here. Also, I support the idea of separating out US and generic issues.

I'll try to add something to the policy/org. issues this week. JXM 19:27, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think different nations mean the same, but use different acronymns. In this case study, Sweden’s Use of Commercial Information Technology for Military Applications, which I found here, they do some comparisons between the Swedish (NBD) effort and the U.S. (NCW) effort. They also briefly mention the second tier nations progress. 83.248.166.70 09:04, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

No longer a stub
A significant amount of work has done on this article. I removed the stub tag. —ERcheck @ 13:09, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Pioneered
Hmmmm.... might that be changed to "pioneered in the War on Teror" or something to that effect? Because the other guys may not call it NCW, but at least on the strategic level they pretty much do the very same thing. The Iraq war is the first war in history that is de facto network-centric. Dysmorodrepanis 19:20, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

It is pretty clear you have no idea what network centric warfare is, nor how it affects units at the strategic, operational, nor tactical levels of war. The Iraqi army was highly centralized, but lacked any thing like an integrated picture of the war.

Unattributed text removed
I'm removing the following unattributed text from the article. Much of it appears to be drawn directly from sections of a 2005 research paper, which may be copyrighted in any case. See http://www.dsto.defence.gov.au/attachments/A_Dialectic_for_NCW-final_public_release.pdf)

 * The spirit of unity afforded by NCW comes at a price of dealing with individual differences. One might be forgiven for concluding from the tenets that one only has to provide the underlying communication infrastructure, and the rest will follow, tending to “… dramatically increase military effectiveness”. Each of the four tenets may in fact stifle military effectiveness.

 * We might view the NCW tenets as being like a lie to children. Simplifications allow for a first step in explanation on matters of great complexity to an immature audience. But strong simplifications are usually wrong; the issue is how badly and what decisions are made on their naïve basis? These over-simplifications have another insidious property, in that they appeal to the dreams of the military society. The NCW tenets promise to fulfil military dreams – the dream of omnipresence, the dream of omniscience, the dream of empowerment, the dream of omnipotence: and ‘all’ that is required to achieve it is the "field of dreams", namely investment in a network.

 * In the first tenet, networks are to deliver the "dream of omnipresence". The telecommunications industry records a litany of expensive failed attempts to predict markets by adopting the engineer’s field of dreams approach, advocated by the first tenet, and described by Alberts et al (1999) as "the entry fee". Just as more and better telecommunications networks and services do not make for assured societal uptake or profits for telecommunications companies, more and better networks in military operations do not necessarily lead to improved military effectiveness. Further, the call for strict adherence to an "architectural approach" to building the network means a focus on information architectures (products) rather than architecting information. The development of a "structured, disciplined and consistent framework" of standards compliant operational, systems and technical view products and plans, gives a false sense of confidence. These products do not imply that the information system design can be uniquely understood by any given designer or result in a consistent design, nor do they in any way guarantee the security, correctness or feasibility of even static and very simple networks. If these architectures were to provide such design guidance they would need to be underpinned by quantitative elements such as design equations, performance proofs, supporting analysis, models, simulations, design heuristics, et cetera…

 * So, the value of communication networks depends upon how they are used. The perceived wisdom is that shared situation awareness will result (tenet 2) by using the communication networks to disseminate a "common operating picture" (COP). This exhorts the "dream of omniscience". The track information and associated “dots on maps” displays currently associated with a COP, only address the perception aspect of situation awareness. They identify some objects of interest in space and time, but they fail to disclose the significance of those situations (comprehension), and they fail to identify the consequence of those situations for our own intent (projection). Inconsistencies are inevitable in any NCW system. The "common as consistency" (see consistency proof) approach of pretending that they will not occur is an untenable solution. Treating "common as consistency" mistakes consistency for unity and lacks robustness because consistency eliminates diversity.

 * Tenet 3 exhorts the "dream of empowerment". A significant problem with NCW is that no-one ever says how the self-synchronisation (tenet 3) of capability is to be done?

 * Given the significant shortcomings in effectiveness identified individually for each of the first three tenets, there appears to be little hope that the fourth tenet, the "dream of omnipotence" representing the collective sequence or product of the first three, could be afforded anything other than a more pessimistic assessment. Further, it is unclear from tenet 4 what effective really means. There is no notion of intentions explicitly evident in the NCW thesis. Considering the NCW genesis in information superiority, we might look to this as a source for understanding effectiveness, but would be disappointed to find, of course, that possessing information superiority alone does not ensure mission effectiveness. Indeed, possessing firepower superiority alone does not ensure mission effectiveness, either.

JXM 00:57, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Merger Proposal
I propose that the stub article Netcentric warfare be deleted and replaced by a redirect to this article. Any objections? ComputerGeezer (talk) 18:22, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Seems pretty straight forward. --User:SelfStudyBuddyTALK-- 12:52, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Network-centric warfare


text:
Talk:Michael D. Griffin

The epidemic of "flacks" aggressively editing Wiki bios
Griffin is not merely a scientist but a lifelong Republican hack. You couldn't have more political jobs in science than he has held. SDI? Show me some success. In-Q-Tel? Enough said. NASA? They found cracks in the foam insulation today, 48 hours after Griffin would have launched for the July 4th photo-op.

Consider Reaverdrop's use of flowery adjectives and colorful verbs. These are not "sourced," unless you consider a press release a "source."

I hope you're being paid well for this, Reaverdrop, else you have no pride.

Black Monday
Seems a major witch hunt is under way at NASA... how do we reflect that ?82.120.116.121 20:51, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

STOP TRYING TO IMPRESS THE READER WITH PEACOCK WORDS
STOP SHOVING OPINIONS DOWN THE READER'S THROAT.

By explicity praising Dr. Griffin, this article shames Wikipedia. Encyclopedias are about FACTS, not FACTUAL IMPRESSIONS. DO NOT evaluate the worth or value of specific achievements. DO NOT compare parallel information to make a point, qualitative comparisons are ALWAYS POV. DO NOT stack the data to present your opinion. STOP WRITING POV!

I like Mike Griffin as much as the next guy. One of my professors is an acquaintance of Griffin and has related to me his own favorable impressions. But PLEASE leave these opinions out of encyclopedias.

This is fucking pathetic. Too many Wikipedia bios read like Newsweek articles rather than Britannica entries. At least Newsweek doesn't pretend to be a reference. User:Xmnemonic

No kidding - this sounds like it was pulled off his NASA bio page, and then made even more positive. And wasn't he head of the SDI program for a while? Grahamdubya 13:18, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

 * This was not very specific, but I edited to remove POV-vio statements and include more critical points of view. There are still some quotations from other experts about him that are quite positive, but those are factual reports of statements by those people, who are independent of NASA and the government, which are only fairly representative - newspaper articles about him have included positive comments by a lot more people. - Reaverdrop ( talk /nl/ w:s ) 21:18, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Neutrality Resolved
Can the Neutrality Disputed header be removed? There's no discussion going on at all. Are those who disputed the article's content satisfied now? Honestly, questioning the NPOV merely because a "lifelong Republican hack" wasn't shown in a negative light is lugubrious. The author of the article deserves better than this. --Curmudgeonry 23:38, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

I vote "no," and, of course, you are preposterous to "summarize" the dispute as you do. The request is not for negativity, but for critical accuracy.

Reaverdrop recently edited out mention of SDI's technical failures under Griffin, to give you an idea.

"Part owner of a private plane"? How about "owner of a home with a beautifully manicured lawn"?

 * It is imperative to always sign your comments on the talk page, unidentified user, otherwise no-one knows who is objecting to what and for what reason. From a casual perusal of the article, it seems neither overly sycophantic nor particularly poorly-sourced; do the technical minutiae of the SDI program really belong in Griffin's bio page, or rather on the SDI page itself? Readers can follow the hyperlink if they want to know the ins and outs of that program. I second the removal of the "disputed" tag. Also, for those who propose significant changes to this page, I suggest a calmer and more "Zen" approach, there is no need for swearing and bad language on this talk page. User:Jaganath 17:59, 04 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree on the motion to remove the neutrality disputed banner. It's now been 4 months since the original suggestion, and the discussion page still offers nothing enlightening to the reader on the nature of the dispute. Mbelisle 18:47, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree as well and have removed it after some rework. Antonrojo 02:40, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

Climate Change
How come there is nothing about climate change? Being the leader of the American's top sience agency there should be something said about the direction he wants the agency to take. Hasn't be lowered the priority of climate science?
 * If you have quotable material on this topic, feel free to add it. -- Northgrove 15:07, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Now that we have quotable material, should there be a section about his competense.    His argument was so bad, yes there is global warming, yes it's caused by man but let's see what will happen.   It appears he has no experience with live sciences or climiate science, all of his back ground appears to be engineering related..  Can someone please defend him and explain why this isn't just another case of appoiting another incompetent ideolog by the Bush administration..

 * Right, because appointing an engineer to head an agency responsible for building things is so very irrational. Khaighle (talk) 23:42, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

 * There is a difference between engineering and science.  This is clearing an example of a engineer commenting about life science.   The point is he has no background to make such a comment.  It's a comment of ignorance.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.106.7.167 (talk) 22:49, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

I heard Mr. Griffin say on NPR that we should not try to prevent global warming, because it might be advantageous. he did not present any evidence that this was the case. This seems a very strange view for the administrator of one of the agencies responsible for monitoring environmental change. Obviously land in Siberia might be more habitable, but the disruptive effect on equatorial and coastal areas, which are much more densely populated, would be extraordinarily damaing. Surely such an opinion requires better justificaton. Danwoodard (talk) 20:37, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

Unpublished statements on climate change
The following is text deleted from the article, as there are no "published" sources to back up the claims. E-Wire articles don't count as acceptable sources, as E-Wire is only a press release agency, and the articles are not published in a third-party news source. --Amit 18:46, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

He did not feel he should apologize for expressing his opinions.

Prominent climate scientists have also supported and rallied behind Dr. Griffen and his comments. See Follow up, below.

The mainstream media did it's best to bury comments from prominent scientists from around the world who supported and applauded Dr. Griffin's comments. It was however reported on E-Wire online.

Some of the scientists and their comments from the above link:

Dr. Walter Starck, an Australian marine scientist, "Griffin makes an important distinction between the scientific findings of climate change and dramatic predictions of catastrophic consequences accompanied by policy demands. The former can be evaluated by its evidence, but; the latter rest only on assertions and claims to authority. Alternate predictions of benefits from projected changes have been proposed with comparable authority and plausibility. For example, unless one chooses to define the Little Ice Age as "normal" and "optimal" the net effect of any warming has only been beneficial and any anthropogenic contribution very small indeed. Dramatic predictions of imminent disaster have a near perfect record of failure. Griffin's note of caution in the escalating concern over climate change deserves sober consideration.

Another Australian, who testified before a Senate panel last year, Professor Robert_M._Carter, observed, "My main reaction to Michael Griffin is to congratulate him on his clear-sightedness, not to mention his courage in speaking out on such a controversial topic."

Dr. Tim_Ball, a Canadian climatologist, responded: "Griffin's statement is sensible because it allows time for the testing of the man-made global warming hypothesis to continue as it should."

"I certainly support Griffin's comments," said William_Kininmonth_%28meteorologist%29, a former head of the Australian National Climate Centre. "Not only is it speculative to claim that humans can in any way influence the course of climate but it is arrogant to suggest that today's climate is getting worse than it has been in the past. For example, who would prefer to return to pre-industrial conditions as they were during the Little Ice Age? Frost Fairs were common on many rivers of Europe and the London diarist John Evelyn records that in 1683-84 the Thames River froze from late December to early February. Conditions were terrible with men and cattle perishing and the seas locked with ice such that no vessels could stir out or come in. The fowls, fish and exotic plants and greens were universally perishing. Food and fuel were exceptionally dear and coal smoke hung so thickly that one could scarcely see across the street and one could scarcely breathe."

Kansas geologist, Lee Gerhard added, "Griffin's statement focuses on the hubris that affects much of public policy. It is great to know that someone out there besides geologists understands that humans do not dominate earth's dynamic systems.

Said Ross_McKitrick, an economist at the University of Guelph, "Claims of major, impending catastrophe are speculative and go far beyond what has been credibly established by researchers to date. Hence Griffin's view is not at all controversial or out of step with available evidence, and he should be commended for having the courage to say it. The fact that it took courage, however, points to the deeper problem that questioning the catastrophic propaganda we hear so much is now considered politically incorrect."

Dr. Pat Michaels at the University of Virginia agrees: "NASA Administrator Michael Griffin's statement about whether or not it is in fact a "problem" is supported by a scientific literature that his employee, James Hansen, appears to ignore. It is well-known that much of the Eurasian arctic was between 4 and 12 degrees (F) warmer than modern temperatures for much of the 6,000 years between 3,000 and 9,000 years ago, and that such warming was caused by a massive intrusion of warm Atlantic water into the arctic. Given that the only way it can get there is to flow east of Greenland, Mr. Hansen's well-publicized fears that a massive amount of Greenland's ice will fall into the ocean in the next 100 years is mere science fiction. It is ironic that today President Bush appears to have given in to Hansen's hysteria rather than to the calm reason of NASA Administrator Griffin.

Finally, Harvard University physicist Lubos_Motl praised Griffin's climate comments, calling them "sensible." On his public blog, Motl said he applauds Michael Griffin and encourages him to act as "a self-confident boss of a highly prestigious institution." "I have always believed that the people who actually work with hard sciences and technology simply shouldn't buy a cheap and soft pseudoscientific propaganda such as the 'fight against climate change,'" Motl added.

BLP policy vio
I removed this passage and I think it should stay out of the article until there's a source. It's certainly interesting and relevant material, if it can be supported in reliable sources. I, for one, would like to hear more. But it's contentious, and unsourced, and WP:BLP is quite clear on such matters: that kind of thing should be deleted. Yakushima (talk) 04:51, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
 * In 1993, Michael Griffin wrote a letter criticizing problems in the design review process for the International Space Station, problems that the Clinton Administration and then-NASA Administrator Dan Goldin ignored, resulting in design changes that set the International Space Station program back several years.

Golf
I'm a little surprised that no popular description of Michael Griffin that I have seen, including the wikipedia article, has mentioned that he is an exceptionally skilled golfer, or at least was back when I knew him. Maybe it's irrelevant, but wikipedia biographical descriptions I have seen usually include a "personal life" section. "Griff" and I had a very cordial friendship when we were both at JPL, and he once demonstrated to me his golf swing in the living room of his apartment, to my surprise, since as a child, I was not allowed to swing a baseball bat inside the house. When I mentioned that his display seemed somewhat daring, he indicated that he would not have done it if he weren't certain of his control. After he left JPL, I never saw him again, but during his years as NASA Administrator I hoped that I might fortuitously cross paths with him someday on the Caltech campus so that I could ask him "What's your handicap these days? I mean besides George Bush." I suppose that some form of documentation would be needed for inclusion of this topic in wikipedia, and unfortunately I don't know of any, but perhaps some investigative journalism could turn some up.

Uncited SDI/Brilliant Pebbles Involvement
It seems that a number of references to Griffin’s involvement in the SDI program were added by a single user a few months ago. None of them are cited, and a cursory search wasn’t able to find anything to corroborate it. I suspect these regencies should be deleted. 2607:FEA8:1FE1:F100:C991:B30:F05:CDB8 (talk) 23:48, 20 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michael D. Griffin