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Henry Gray

Henry Gray (1827 – 13 June 1861) was a British anatomist and surgeon most notable for publishing the book Gray's Anatomy. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) at the age of 25.

Biography
Gray was born in Belgravia, London, in 1827 and lived most of his life in London. In 1842, he entered as a student at St. George's Hospital, London (then situated in Belgravia, now moved to Tooting), and he is described by those who knew him as a most painstaking and methodical worker, and one who learned his anatomy by the slow but invaluable method of making dissections for himself.

While still a student, Gray secured the triennial prize of Royal College of Surgeons in 1848 for an essay entitled The Origin, Connexions and Distribution of nerves to the human eye and its appendages, illustrated by comparative dissections of the eye in other vertebrate animals. In 1852, at the early age of 25, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and in the following year he obtained the Astley Cooper prize of three hundred guineas for a dissertation "On the structure and Use of Spleen."

In 1858, Gray published the first edition of Anatomy, which covered 750 pages and contained 363 figures. He had the good fortune of securing the help of his friend Henry Vandyke Carter, a skilled draughtsman and formerly a demonstrator of anatomy at St. George's Hospital. Carter made the drawings from which the engravings were executed. The excellence of Carter's illustrations contributed greatly to the initial success of the book. This edition was dedicated to Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie. A second edition was prepared by Gray and published in 1860. The book is still published under the title Gray's Anatomy and widely appreciated as an authoritative textbook for medical students.

Gray held successively the posts of demonstrator of Anatomy, curator of the museum and Lecturer of Anatomy at St. George's Hospital and was in 1861 a candidate for the post of assistant surgeon.

Death
Gray was struck by an attack of confluent smallpox, the most deadly type of the disease where individual lesions become so numerous that they join as a continuous, "confluent" sheet. He is assumed to have been infected due to his extended and meticulous caring for his ten-year-old nephew, Charles Gray, who did eventually recover.

On 13 June 1861, the day he was to appear for an interview as a final candidate for a prestigious post at the St. George's Hospital, he died at the age of 34. He was buried at Highgate Cemetery. Gray had been vaccinated against smallpox as a child with one of the early forms of the vaccine.

Works/Bibliography

 * The Origin, Connections, and Distribution of Nerves to the Human Eye and its Appendages, illustrated by Comparative Dissections of the Eye in Other Vertebrate Animals (1848) - essay
 * On the Structure and Use of Spleen (1854) - jointly illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter
 * Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy 1st Edition (August 1858) - jointly illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter - popularly known as Gray's Anatomy
 * Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy 2nd Edition (December 1860) - jointly illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter and John Gulse Westmacott - popularly known as Gray's Anatomy

title: Henry Gray


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The Morning After

The Morning After may refer to:

Film

 * The Morning After (1974 film), a television movie starring Dick Van Dyke
 * The Morning After (1986 film), a film starring Jane Fonda

Literature

 * The Morning After (book), a 1993 book by Katie Roiphe

Music

 * The Morning After (Deborah Cox album), a 2002 album by Deborah Cox
 * "The Morning After" (1937 song), a 1937 song recorded by Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra
 * The Morning After (The J. Geils Band album), a 1971 album by the J. Geils Band
 * The Morning After (James album), a 2010 album by James
 * The Morning After (Maureen McGovern album), a 1973 album by Maureen McGovern
 * "The Morning After" (Maureen McGovern song), a 1973 song by Maureen McGovern that was the theme song for The Poseidon Adventure
 * The Morning After (Tankard album), a 1988 album by Tankard
 * Morning After (album), a 2017 album by Dvsn
 * "Morning After", a 2006 song by Dead by Sunrise from Underworld: Evolution: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
 * "The Morning After", a 1989 song from Faith No More's The Real Thing
 * "The Morning After", a 1984 song from Ratt's Round and Round single

Radio

 * The Morning After (radio show), a program on Kerrang! Radio

Television

 * "The Morning After" (The Avengers), a 1969 episode of The Avengers
 * "The Morning After" (American Horror Story), a 2018 episode of American Horror Story

Web series

 * The Morning After (web series), a 2011 web series on Hulu

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Morning After


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Esmeraldas River

The Esmeraldas River is a 210 km river in northwestern Ecuador that flows into the Pacific Ocean at the city of Esmeraldas. Among its tributaries is the Guayllabamba River which drains Quito. Charles Marie de la Condamine sailed up it and then climbed the Andes Mountains when on the Ecuadorian Expedition that left France in May 1735.

The mouth of the river has extensive stands of mangroves, part of the Esmeraldas–Pacific Colombia mangroves ecoregion.

Fish

 * The Green Terror Cichlid Andinoacara rivulatus (Günther, 1860)
 * Andinoacara blombergi Wijkmark, S. O. Kullander & Barriga S., 2012

title: Esmeraldas River


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Talk:Light pollution/to do

Its members are universities, public administrations, representatives of manifacturing industries and so on. It produced a specific standard UNI 10819 to (very theoretically) protect the sky from light pollution and some lectures to defend it against the hordes of people that recognized how that standard LEGALIZED light pollution rather than reduce it, but if every one agree I can try to translate their thoughts. To point out how scientists can vary their opinions about this topic it could be useful to summarize prof Zichichi article on catholic magazine "Famiglia Cristiana" and the remarks of prof Maffei, an italian astronomer who pionereed infrared photografic surveys to Zichichi's article. Again, I can traslate. As a final suggestion based on my own experience in Italy I have to remark that the "dispute" about light pollution depends on the strong relationship that links light and energy industries, universities, politicians. Light and energy industries are trying to increase profits and do not accept any regulamentation, universities have to defend their own business and do not like that someone else discovers and applies cheaper and environmental safe lighting rules, politicians fear to lose a powerful argument to gain votes, summarized as "daylight intensity lighting for safety against crime". But I have to remark that only 7 1/2 italian regions on 20, 40% of land and 30% of population have to bear "industrial" lighting rules: in 2007 Liguria, Friuli Venezia Giulia and half of Trentino Alto Adige rejected UNI standards to adopt "zero lighting above lamps" rules. How can exist a "dispute" about light pollution when the majority of a nation says that night skies have to be protected ? --195.210.65.30 (talk) 08:30, 12 December 2007 (UTC)
 * It is inaccurate in "Measurement of light pollution and Global Effects" section to say that work by Cinzano et al. "measures" the sky glow by using DMSP observations - this discussion should be corrected to say that this work provides a crude estimate using a model, and only of the zenith. For example, it uses sea-level atmospheric conditions everywhere, which cannot give accurate results in western US nor in aerosol-laden areas. Further, the photometric accuracy of the DMSP data has not been established and has been questioned in the refereed literature. Since someone else wrote this section, I will let them revise unless I am asked to do so. Cluginbuhl (talk) 23:03, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * There is a specific organization that suppress any efforts to give Italy a unique national bill against light pollution, which is Ente Nazionale di Unificazione, founded in the early years of 1900 to standardize industrial testing, materials, procedures and so on.

 * Check that references are formatted properly, both in the references list and in the article. Seems to be done now. Izogi 03:35, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Expand the table of luminaires in the Adjusting types of lighting section.
 * This list is based on data in the IDA Information Sheet 52, which still needs to be cited.
 * For the record, that particular IDA information sheet might not be a reliable source... see this discussion. Izogi 23:54, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * i tend to agree with izogi and question the validity of this as a source Anlace 22:45, 25 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Expand the Organisations section so that it explains a bit about the formation of various organisations, instead of just listing a couple.
 * It might be useful to include a lighting engineering organisation or two, if there are any prominent ones.
 * Are there any well known organisations that actively counter what anti-LP campaigners say? If so, it's probably worth mentioning them to maintain a neutral point of view.
 * Add a more specific citation for the information in Interruption of the eco-system which refers to Michael Mesure's comments about the deaths of millions of birds. (Although I don't doubt he's said it, I couldn't find a reference, myself -- Izogi) ''Well tidied up by a helpful anonymous user—Thanks heaps. Izogi 10:23, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Some of the text in the Types of light pollution section might actually belong in the Consequences of light pollution section, or maybe not.
 * Consider expanding the section about Redesigning lighting plans, or perhaps merge it into other sections. It seems a bit short right now. Done. Izogi 03:19, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Should the paragraph about Calgary be moved to this section? Done. Izogi 03:19, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe think about adding a section to do with the current state of light pollution around the world. (Don't know how this would work, but the text about Utah having the least LP in the US doesn't seem to fit well in the Consequences of light pollution section.) Thoughts? Izogi 8 July 2005 07:01 (UTC)
 * Note something about pollution of the radio spectrum. (This may actually warrant its own article, but it should at least be cited here.) Izogi Added a disambiguation page and (for now) linked it to a radio spectrum pollution stub. Izogi 05:45, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Establish better link to Lighting article and to energy conservation in generalAnlace 17:50, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Light pollution/to do


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Bionicle 3: Web of Shadows

Bionicle 3: Web of Shadows is a 2005 animated science fantasy action film based on the Bionicle toy line by Lego and the third installment in the Bionicle film series. It is a direct sequel to Bionicle 2: Legends of Metru Nui, and largely adapts the 2005 storyline with the majority of events taking place before the previous film's ending. Like Legends of Metru Nui, Web of Shadows is a prequel to the first film, Bionicle: Mask of Light. This is the first Bionicle film to not be given a rating by the MPAA. It was released on DVD on October 11, 2005, by Buena Vista Home Entertainment under the Miramax Home Entertainment label.

Plot
Makuta, the Master of Shadows, is still frozen in his crystal prison following the events of the previous film. A mysterious figure calls out his name, then scratches the prison and extracts a shard from it. This figure is later revealed to be Roodaka, the queen of the Visorak horde, and she is later shown infusing the shard into her chest as a heartstone as she vows to free Makuta from his prison.

Vakama, as a Turaga, continues in voice-over the story of the Toa Metru. Having combined their elemental powers to seal the Makuta in protodermis at the end of the previous film, the Toa left Metru Nui to find a home for the sleeping Matoran, vowing to return to the city to rescue those they were forced to leave behind. However, in their absence, the city became overrun by the 'stealers of life', the Visorak horde.

The Toa Metru (Vakama, Nokama, Matau, Onewa, Whenua, and Nuju) arrive on the shore of Metru Nui and proceed towards the Coliseum where the Matoran are being held, observing the damage that has been dealt to the city. They are soon ambushed and captured by a group of Visorak and taken to the Coliseum, where they are infused with the Visorak's venom and mutated into beast-like creatures. Having been ordered to be killed by Sidorak, king of the Visorak horde, the Toa are sent falling to their deaths. They are saved by six flying beings who later introduce themselves as Rahaga, led by Norik.

Norik explains that the Visorak venom has transformed the Toa into Hordika, making them more susceptible to their bestial natures. As they will remain Hordika forever if the venom is not neutralized in time, their only hope of changing back lies in an ancient hermit-like Rahi named Keetongu, who is considered by many to be a myth. Vakama grows angry over continually being blamed for the Toa's current situation and storms off, choosing to try and save the Matoran alone, but is cornered by Visorak and once again taken to the Coliseum. Roodaka takes advantage of Vakama's current state of mind by offering him a proposal: if he commands the Visorak horde, he can rule Metru Nui. With his Hordika instinct overpowering his rational mind, Vakama accepts her offer.

The other Toa, along with the Rahaga, go to the Great Temple in the Ga-Metru district to search for clues to Keetongu's whereabouts. Vakama ambushes the Rahaga during the night, capturing five of them and leaving behind a badly injured Norik as a warning. He takes them to Sidorak, who grants Vakama a place as the general of the Visorak horde. Norik later informs the Toa of what Vakama has done, reiterating that they must find Keetongu before the Toa are completely consumed by their bestial states as Vakama has apparently been. Using inscriptions translated before the attack, the group follows a trail that leads them to Keetongu's lair at the top of the Ko-Metru district. Though reluctant at first, Keetongu eventually agrees to aid them.

The Toa return to the Coliseum and engage the Visorak. Matau confronts Vakama alone, while Keetongu goes after the king and queen. Roodaka orchestrates the death of Sidorak by leaving him to be killed by Keetongu. Matau tries to reason with Vakama as they fight each other; he apologizes for previously doubting Vakama's leadership and eventually prompts Vakama to return to his senses by reminding him of his duty and destiny to rescue the Matoran.

Norik frees his fellow Rahaga and joins the Toa, but Roodaka arrives and demands control over the Toa's elemental powers. Vakama and Matau rejoin the rest of the team, with Vakama feigning continued allegiance to Roodaka. After the other five Toa unsuccessfully attempt to defeat Roodaka by firing their elemental spinner weapons at her, Vakama reveals his change of heart and orders the Visorak to leave and be free; having been placed under his command, the horde obeys. Unaware of Roodaka's heartstone being the shard she carved from Makuta's prison (something Norik realises too late), Vakama then proceeds to fire his own spinner at it, unwittingly breaking the seal and setting Makuta free; the Master of Shadows uses his powers to teleport the incapacitated Roodaka to safety. Made fully aware of his actions by Norik, Vakama is nevertheless confident that they can stop him again. After Keetongu returns the Hordika to their Toa Metru forms, the Toa bid farewell to him and the Rahaga and depart Metru Nui with the comatose Matoran.

Following the events of the first film, Turaga Vakama concludes the story of the Toa Metru that he had been recounting to Takanuva, Jaller, and Hahli. As they leave, Vakama tells them that it is time for them to find their own destiny.

Cast and characters

 * Alessandro Juliani as Toa Vakama
 * Christopher Gaze as Turaga Vakama (narrator)
 * Brian Drummond as Toa Matau & Toa Onewa
 * Tabitha St. Germain as Toa Nokama
 * Paul Dobson as Toa Whenua & Sidorak
 * Trevor Devall as Toa Nuju & Rahaga Iruini
 * French Tickner as Rahaga Norik
 * Kathleen Barr as Roodaka & Rahaga Gaaki
 * Scott McNeil as Keetongu & Rahaga Bomonga

Production
David Molina and Terry Shakespeare worked as Art Directors on the film in addition to directing, and Terry also worked as Visual Effects Supervisor.

Soundtrack
Nathan Furst, who composed the music for the first two films, returned once more to compose Web of Shadows. His work on the film was praised by director David Molina who said that watching the film with the music was an "amazing experience", making the story "suddenly alive and emotional". The soundtrack was released on December 22, 2017, twelve years after the film's release. It contains the complete score as it was written for the film and, like the other two soundtracks, is fully remastered.

The soundtrack includes Furst's original, unused sketch for Roodaka's theme as a bonus track. While the full theme is unused in the film itself in favor of a different motif associated with the character, hints of the sketch are present at various moments throughout the score and an alternate variation can be heard in the film's DVD menus.

 * The film's end credits feature the song "Caught in a Dream" by All Insane Kids, one of the two songs they had written for the 2005 storyline.

Reception
The film received mixed to positive reviews. The computer-generated effects were praised by some critics, stating that they could be appreciated even though the film was geared toward teenagers and young people. The DVD release was noted for its good quality audio and video but meager extras.

Bionicle 3 was nominated for the Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing in Direct to Video by the Motion Pictures Sound Editors, and the Annie Award for Best Home Entertainment Production.

title: Bionicle 3: Web of Shadows


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User:Luctifer

hello, 30+ somewhat geek

title: User:Luctifer