text:
Name–value pair

A name–value pair, also called an attribute–value pair, key–value pair, or field–value pair, is a fundamental data representation in computing systems and applications. Designers often desire an open-ended data structure that allows for future extension without modifying existing code or data. In such situations, all or part of the data model may be expressed as a collection of 2-tuples in the form  with each element being an attribute–value pair. Depending on the particular application and the implementation chosen by programmers, attribute names may or may not be unique.

Examples of use
Some of the applications where information is represented as name-value pairs are:
 * E-mail, in RFC 2822 headers
 * Query strings, in URLs
 * Optional elements in network protocols, such as IP, where they often appear as TLV (type–length–value) triples
 * Bibliographic information, as in BibTeX and Dublin Core metadata
 * Element attributes in SGML, HTML and XML
 * Some kinds of database systems – namely a key–value database
 * OpenStreetMap map data
 * Windows registry entries
 * Environment variables

Use in computer languages
Some computer languages implement name–value pairs, or more frequently collections of attribute–value pairs, as standard language features. Most of these implement the general model of an associative array: an unordered list of unique attributes with associated values. As a result, they are not fully general; they cannot be used, for example, to implement electronic mail headers (which are ordered and non-unique).

In some applications, a name–value pair has a value that contains a nested collection of attribute–value pairs. Some  formats such as JSON support arbitrarily deep nesting. Other data representations are restricted to one level of nesting, such as INI file's section/name/value.

title: Name–value pair


text:
User talk:Asdfasdfdsf

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 03:12, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. CryptoDerk 03:13, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Stop it, fool 129.96.150.236

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Asdfasdfdsf


text:
Still Crazy After All These Years

Still Crazy After All These Years is the fourth solo studio album by Paul Simon. Recorded and released in 1975, the album produced four U.S. Top 40 hits: "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover" (No. 1), "Gone at Last" (No. 23, credited to Paul Simon/Phoebe Snow), "My Little Town" (No. 9, credited to Simon & Garfunkel), and the title track (No. 40). It won two Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance in 1976.

"My Little Town" reunited Simon with former partner Art Garfunkel on record for the first time since 1970, while "Gone at Last" was a duet between Simon and Phoebe Snow. Two tracks featured members of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section as a backing band.

The title track has been recorded by Rosemary Clooney (on her 1993 album Still on the Road), Ray Charles (on his 1993 album My World), Karen Carpenter (on her self-titled solo album released posthumously in 1996), Willie Nelson (on the soundtrack of the 2000 motion picture Space Cowboys), and Robert Ellis (on his 2016 self-titled solo album).

Personnel

 * Paul Simon – vocals, acoustic guitar (2, 3, 4, 9), electric guitar (5), string arrangements (7), horn arrangements (7, 9)
 * Barry Beckett – Fender Rhodes (1), acoustic piano (2)
 * Bob James – woodwind arrangements (1), string arrangements (1, 3), Fender Rhodes (7, 8)
 * Kenneth Ascher – Fender Rhodes (3), organ (4)
 * Sivuca – accordion (3), vocal solo (3)
 * Richard Tee – acoustic piano (6)
 * Leon Pendarvis – acoustic piano (10)
 * Pete Carr – electric guitar (2)
 * Joe Beck – electric guitar (3, 8, 9)
 * Jerry Friedman – electric guitar (3)
 * Hugh McCracken – electric guitar (4, 7, 8), acoustic guitar (9)
 * John Tropea – electric guitar (4)
 * David Hood – bass (1, 2)
 * Tony Levin – bass (3, 4, 5, 7–10)
 * Gordon Edwards – bass (6)
 * Roger Hawkins – drums (1, 2)
 * Steve Gadd – drums (3, 4, 7-10)
 * Grady Tate – drums (6)
 * Ralph MacDonald – percussion (2, 3, 4, 6, 8)
 * Toots Thielemans – harmonica (5)
 * Michael Brecker – tenor sax solo (1), saxophone (7)
 * Eddie Daniels – saxophone (7)
 * David Sanborn – saxophone (7)
 * Phil Woods – alto sax solo (8)
 * David Mathews – horn arrangements (2, 8)
 * Art Garfunkel – vocals (2)
 * Patti Austin – backing vocals (4)
 * Valerie Simpson – backing vocals (4, 8)
 * Phoebe Snow – backing vocals (4), vocals (6)
 * The Jessy Dixon Singers – backing vocals (6)
 * Chicago Community Choir – backing vocals (10)

Production

 * Paul Simon – producer
 * Phil Ramone – producer, engineer
 * Jerry Masters – engineer (2)
 * Glenn Berger – recording
 * Bert Szerlip – recording
 * John Berg – design
 * Anthony Maggiore – design
 * Edie Baskin – cover photography

title: Still Crazy After All These Years


text:
Talk:James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton

Untitled
"The powerful earl of Argyll and Atholl"? The two were not the same. The Earls of Argyll, so far as I am aware, were protestant in this period - although the 5th Earl had been, in spite of his protestantism, a supporter of Mary. john k 03:13, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Origin of the 'Maiden'
Is there a source that confirms that the 'Maiden' was made in Halifax, or fetched from there by Morton? The Halifax guillotine is well-documented, but isn't it more likely that local Edinburgh wrights would make their own copy, rather than transport one? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.102.108.32 (talk) 10:44, 5 December 2010 (UTC)

Morton's widow?
When did Morton's wife die? We have a section towards the end of the article stating that

"After the execution of her husband, Morton's wife, Dame Elizabeth Douglas was found by an inquest to be incapable of managing her affairs, as she was "idiot and prodigal" in the language of the time."

and yet also a note under "Early career" stating that she died in 1574, long before Morton himself died in 1581, but with no citation to show where this information was sourced.

Could it be possible that the Earl and Countess of Morton's eldest child was also called Elizabeth, and this is where the confusion lies? Or that Morton's mother, also called Elizabeth Douglas, herself died in 1574?

As far as I can see, it does seem difficult to find out anything much about Morton's wife and children, despite the fact that he was such an important figure in Scotland at the time, as was the Douglas family as a whole. Presumably, the fact that there was mental illness or instability in the family meant that a veil was drawn over such details. Plus also, there's the difficulty of the same names cropping up again and again in this period, but with reference to completely different people.

This page here, though, seemed perhaps to be a useful resource, if only to show how little we really seem to know: http://www.thepeerage.com/p10963.htm

Ottershrew (talk) 11:26, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

 * The ODNB entry for Morton states clearly that he "married Lady Elizabeth Douglas (d. in or after 1581), youngest daughter of James Douglas, third earl of Morton", and that "Morton's wife survived him, but on 12 July 1581 a jury pronounced that she had been insane for twenty-two years." ODNB also states the couple were childless. No idea where the 1574 date comes from, or the daughters, but the ODNB can be considered reliable (which does not appear to be the case with thepeerage.com). Thanks, Jonathan Oldenbuck (talk) 11:49, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Thanks Jonathan - that's an enormous help. Plus, I hadn't been aware of the long-running discussion about thepeerage.com, which was very helpful to read - thank you for the pointer to that, too. I'll go ahead, then, and delete the notice of Elizabeth's death in 1574.

 * However, what about the daughters? They're mentioned twice in the WP article, at one place in the text ("Widow, daughters, and the Morton title") even with the detail that they were declared incapable by a "brieve of idiotry" - but as things stand, with an RS like ODNB stating that the couple were childless, it looks like there's no justifiable reason for keeping them here. And perhaps now we have a reason for the lack of names for the daughters: they actually never existed in the first place.

 * What do you think? Should the daughters go? Ottershrew (talk) 16:18, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

 * I'd be inclined to do some wider research - ODNB is fine but its only one source. Looking at the history it seems the material may have been expanded by, a knowledgeable editor on this period. I will request further input. Thanks, Jonathan Oldenbuck (talk) 16:32, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

 * The daughters and the old fashioned legalese are in William Fraser's volumes of family papers. Here is the page from the Lennox Muniments vol. 2 I can't find the Carlaverock Book on-line. I think it is interesting but presumably the ODNB compiler didn't think so. 16:54, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Thank you - it's wonderful to see this document. Nevertheless, there's no mention of the daughters as far as I can see - only of the "idiot and prodigall" Dame Elizabeth Dowglas, for whom provision is being made, and on whose behalf her estates are to be administered. However, the Scots Peerage (Scots Peerage, Vol. 6, Sir James Balfour Paul, Lord Lyon King of Arms (editor), (Edinburgh, Scotland: David Douglas, 1909)  (page 363) does mention that:

 * James and Elizabeth "are said to have had ten children, who died young, except three daughters, who survived their father. The Countess was on 12 July 1581 pronounced by a jury to have been insane for twenty-two years. The names of the surviving daughters are nowhere given."

 * The names of Morton's four natural sons are then given: James (who is mentioned in the WP article Pluscarden Abbey as Pluscarden's Commendator), Archibald, George and William, who were all rehabilitated by Act of Parliament in 1585. There is no mention of their sisters' insanity here, but they do seem to have existed. Ottershrew (talk) 19:29, 12 March 2014 (UTC)
 * And Balfour Paul's source appears to be, which in turn references the Caerlaverock Book... So I see no reason that this material needs to be removed. Thanks, Jonathan Oldenbuck (talk) 12:09, 13 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Thank you for all your help with this. Ottershrew (talk) 08:15, 14 March 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton


text:
Talk:Peter Lynch

Infobox Needs Updating
Hello, I just created a very basic "infobox" for Peter Lynch and would like it if anyone could help if they know anymore information. Additionally, a picture in the info box would be great. Thanks for the help!

Return at Magellan Fund?
The rates of return and the size of the fund stated here (e.g., $14 billion at his departure) are different from the numbers at Magellan_Fund ($13 billion on that page).

Observations
I am an avid follower of Peter Lynch and have made (and will continue to do so over time) some extensive revisions to this page, using facts and materials condensed from the following sources:

 * One Up On Wall Street, Peter Lynch
 * Beating the Street, Peter Lynch
 * Learn to Earn, Peter Lynch
 * New Money Masters, John Train
 * Worth articles, Peter Lynch (I have copies of all)
 * Various interviews and profiles of Peter Lynch

Just an update - I've written him once but never got a response (understandably), but Lynch's books did nothing less than change the entire course of my life. I will be forever in debt to him and his willingness to be so avid and interesting a teacher as he was in those books and Worth articles. Lastly, if anyone connected to Lynch ever reads this, there is no doubt that those Worth articles should be preserved in hardback. Obviously I'd love to see him update some of the material but the interest would be tremendous.

I used to caddy with him in the 1960's at Brae Burn. He was a real go-getter. He had to work to pay his way into BC. He was a happy, genuine person and enjoyed playing poker and chess during slack times in the caddy shack with anybody interested. Wake 03:47, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

==personal life There should be something in his personal life section on Lynch's identity as a very public Roman Catholic. He worked with Cardinal O'Malley, gave huge amounts to various Catholic charities and educational projects, and dedicated one of his books to "Holy God." 50.237.20.22 (talk) 23:00, 4 June 2021 (UTC)Anonymous 4 june 2021

Returns from foreign stocks
I notice somebody removed my reference to the fact that Lynch achieved his stellar returns by investing in foreign stocks (moreso than most people); I had also footnoted a reference book in support of this (I can dig it up again if anybody wants me to). The censor of my contribution wrote: "Nobody cares about this reference and there is nothing in any of the source material that indicates Lynch had 25% of the fund in foreign holdings" which is false on both counts (people care, and I did reference the book, which was by Mark Hebner on Index funds as I recall). If this Wiki entry is a hagiography for Peter Lynch, then I understand (as an avid chess player I am a fan of Lynch just for that reaason alone); but otherwise, I disagree with this entry of mine being deleted Raylopez99 12:54, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Ten Bagger?
I thought a ten bagger was a grand slam, ten being the total number of bags reached by the four players involved in the one play. -- Ali Isik —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.139.195.162 (talk) 10:43, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Fidelity's "primary marketing tool"?
I've removed the following from the very top of the article because it appears to be outdated or inaccurate: "... and his likeness is the primary marketing tool of the company." Fidelity's current homepage and U.S. television ads have no mention of Lynch or his likeness. Their current tagline is "Smart move" and a pyramid/all-seeing eye logo so unless those in some way can be attributed to Lynch, it seems justified to remove the statement. --Georgeryp (talk) 18:26, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

Peter Lynch miscategorized under List of Chief Executive Officers
Peter Lynch is an investor, not CEO at Fidelity. Edward Johnson III is current CEO at Fidelity Investments. Bluestarfish88 (talk) 03:16, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Peter Lynch is an investor, not CEO at Fidelity. Edward Johnson III is current CEO at Fidelity Investments. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bluestarfish88 (talk • contribs) 03:05, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: What goes up : the uncensored history of modern Wall Street as told by the bankers, brokers, CEOs, and scoundrels who made it happen, page 171. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, providing it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Diannaa (talk) 00:30, 22 July 2015 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:01, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Peter-lynch.png

Bad Article
This article drips hagiography. More specifically, it says nothing about the why and how of his stepping down from Magellan (I had shares at the time). Zip, zero. While I could suggest both the why and the how, it should be easy to find reliable sources for this. The article also mentions "the Lynches" activities/charities. Since his wife died 9 years ago, I fail to see how the plural, Lynches, is correct. Most of this article reads like a PR bio. ... Oh, also: please DATE the publications that are explicitly mentioned! (eye-roll)98.21.68.176 (talk) 17:09, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Peter Lynch


text:
Wikipedia:Cleanup Taskforce/Meta refresh

Meta refresh
Initial tasks:
 * Go through all the open Cleanup Taskforce issues.
 * Find issues that are waiting for double-checking to be closed; double-check them and close as appropriate.
 * Find isses that have not been touched for 30 days or more, and reassign them to a different taskforce member. (Preferably someone who has expressed interest in the subject, has room on their queue, and is an active editor.)

Updates:
 * Initial assignment to User:Randy_Johnston/Desk. -- Beland 03:15, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I completed Round 1 of the meta refresh by removing all entries that were submitted before May from the main page and moving it to the closed page that I thought have made a significant improvement since they were submitted. I also changed the templates on the talk pages to the closed mode.  --Randy 02:21, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Round 2 and 3 completed by properly closing items that were completed through May. Also, the main WP:TASK page was cleaned and not necessary things were removed.  All of the items submitted before May 15th still need to be given to another user's desk.  Randy Johnston 19:29, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Passing on to User:Linuxbeak/Desk. Please try to get all tasks submitted before June either completed or deemed closed. Thanks!  We seem to have some members who have just forgot about their CT duties.  --Randy 22:02, 9 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I have just closed everything that was finished in April, May, or June, and left notes on people's talk pages where they haven't done anything in over 30 days. After a reasonable amount of time, if people don't respond to personal messages, they can be marked as inactive members and their tasks reassigned. -- Beland 06:37, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Assignment backlog
There is now a backlog of articles to be assigned. I started in on them, but I have a lot of things on my plate at the moment, and I could use some help. The first to be assigned should probably be the ones already listed here. But it's worth noting that there are 618 articles under Category:Cleanup by month from 2004 alone, which is more than enough to fill everyone's desk to capacity. I think it would actually be a good idea to do that. The fact that some people don't have anything to work on probably means we are losing out on harnessing their volunteer energy.

 * Added to User:Trevor macinnis/Desk, User:Andreww/Desk, and User:Tony Sidaway/Desk, since there's a lot of work to be done. -- Beland 04:38, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Did a little work a while ago. Removing from my desk as I can't devote enough time to this project. - Trevor MacInnis (Talk | Contribs) 15:25, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

mid-October
There is no longer much of a backlog of tasks needing to be assigned, but we have been working on some tasks for rather a long time. I think it is worth keeping this meta-task open so that we can avoid the development of a big queue and keep things moving along.

I don't think it is sensible to keep this task on any desk for so long so I am assigning it to User:RJFJR's desk - but would be happy to take it back at a later date if needed. As of now this task is therfore on the desks of User:Tony Sidaway and User:RJFJR. Have fun! Andreww 05:35, 16 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
User:Pict04

Hi, I am new at this. Drop me a line if you have feedback!

title: User:Pict04


text:
Gloster Grebe

The Gloster Grebe was developed by the Gloster Aircraft Company from the Gloster Grouse (an experimental aircraft later developed as a trainer), and was the Royal Air Force's first post-First World War fighter aircraft, entering service in 1923.

Design
In 1923, Gloster modified a Gloster Sparrowhawk fighter trainer with new wings to test a layout proposed by chief designer Henry Folland, combining a thick, high-lift section upper wing and a thinner, medium-lift lower wing, with the intention of combining high lift for takeoff with low drag. After the Grouse demonstrated that the new layout was a success, the British Air Ministry placed an order for three prototype fighters based on the Grouse (and therefore derived ultimately from Folland's Nieuport Nighthawk fighter of 1919), but powered by a 350 hp Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar III radial engine, as the "Nighthawk (thick-winged)".

The first of the prototypes (Gloster built a fourth machine as a company-owned demonstrator), by now known as the Grebe I, flew during May 1923. The performance of these prototypes during testing at RAF Martlesham Heath was good, and the Air Ministry decided to order the type into production as the Grebe II, this having a 400 hp Jaguar IV engine.

Like the Sopwith Snipe it replaced, the Grebe was a single-seat, single-engined biplane of fabric-covered wood construction. The fuselage had ash longerons and spruce stringers joined to plywood formers, while the single-bay wings (which had a considerable overhang outboard of the struts), had fabric-covered spruce spars and ribs. Two synchronised .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine guns were mounted on the fuselage top decking.

Service history
Grebes entered service with the RAF during October 1923 when a flight of 111 Squadron re-equipped with the new fighter. The Grebe was popular in RAF service, being much faster than the Snipe that it replaced and was also very agile. One problem with the Grebe was that it suffered from wing flutter, owing to the large overhang outside the interplane struts, which led to all RAF aircraft being modified with additional Vee-struts supporting the outer upper wing. Another problem was the Jaguar engine, which was heavy and unreliable, being prone to catching fire.

A total of 133 Grebes were produced, including the four prototypes, 108 Grebe II single-seat fighters and 21 two-seat dual-control trainers. Grebes were retired from the RAF in 1929, replaced in part by the Gloster Gamecock, which was a developed Grebe, (Gloster fighter design, from Nighthawk to Gloster Gladiator was evolutionary).

Two Grebes were modified for suspension beneath the R33 airship on a 'trapeze' for "parasite" trials. The Grebe was developed into the Gloster Gamecock fighter, which also entered production for the RAF. A Grebe was given to New Zealand by Sir Henry Wigram and another two Grebes were acquired by the New Zealand Permanent Air Force, fore-runner of the Royal New Zealand Air Force, entering service in March 1928 and serving for more than ten years until the mid-1938. The two survivors were used as instructional airframes until destroyed in 1943–44.

Variants

 * Gloster Grouse: Experimental aircraft.
 * Grebe Mk I: Single-seat fighter prototype, 4 built.
 * Grebe Mk II: Production single-seat fighter variant with a 400 hp Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar IV engine, oleo-type landing gear and other modifications, 129 built.
 * Grebe (Dual): Following a trial modification to Grebe II J7519 a small number of the Grebe II production aircraft were completed as two-seat training aircraft in 1925.

Operators

 * New Zealand Permanent Air Force
 * Pilot Training School
 * Royal New Zealand Air Force two inherited from the NZPAF in 1938
 * Royal Air Force
 * No. 19 Squadron RAF
 * No. 25 Squadron RAF
 * No. 29 Squadron RAF
 * No. 32 Squadron RAF
 * No. 56 Squadron RAF
 * No. 111 Squadron RAF
 * No. 56 Squadron RAF
 * No. 111 Squadron RAF

title: Gloster Grebe


text:
Religious socialism

Religious socialism is a type of socialism based on religious values. Members of several major religions have found that their beliefs about human society fit with socialist principles and ideas. As a result, religious socialist movements have developed within these religions. Those movements include Buddhist socialism, Christian socialism, Islamic socialism, and Jewish socialism. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica Online, socialism is a "social and economic doctrine that calls for public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources. According to the socialist view, individuals do not live or work in isolation but live in cooperation with one another. Furthermore, everything that people produce is in some sense a social product, and everyone who contributes to the production of a good is entitled to a share in it. Society as a whole, therefore, should own or at least control property for the benefit of all its members. [...] Early Christian communities also practiced the sharing of goods and labour, a simple form of socialism subsequently followed in certain forms of monasticism. Several monastic orders continue these practices today".

The teachings of Jesus are frequently described as socialist, especially by Christian socialists. records that in the early church in Jerusalem, "[n]o one claimed that any of their possessions was their own", although the pattern would later disappear from church history except within monasticism. Christian socialism was one of the founding threads of the British Labour Party and is claimed to begin with the uprising of Wat Tyler and John Ball in the 14th century CE.

Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, a companion of Muhammad, is credited by multiple authors as a principal antecedent of Islamic socialism. The Hutterites believed in strict adherence to biblical principles and church discipline, and practised a religious form of communism. In the words of historians Rod Janzen and Max Stanton, the Hutterites "established in their communities a rigorous system of Ordnungen, which were codes of rules and regulations that governed all aspects of life and ensured a unified perspective. As an economic system, Christian communism was attractive to many of the peasants who supported social revolution in sixteenth century central Europe", such as the German Peasants' War, and "Friedrich Engels thus came to view Anabaptists as proto-Communists."

Overview
Religious socialism was the early form of socialism and pre-Marxist communism. In Christian Europe, communists were believed to have adopted atheism. In Protestant England, communism was too close to the Roman Catholic communion rite; hence socialist was the preferred term. Friedrich Engels argued that in 1848, when The Communist Manifesto was published, socialism was respectable in Europe while communism was not. The Owenites in England and the Fourierists in France were considered respectable socialists, while working-class movements that "proclaimed the necessity of total social change" denoted themselves communists. This branch of socialism produced the communist work of Étienne Cabet in France and Wilhelm Weitling in Germany.

Some view the early Christian Church, as described in the Acts of the Apostles, as an early form of communism and religious socialism. The view is that communism was just Christianity in practice, and Jesus was the first communist. This link was highlighted in one of Karl Marx's early writings, which stated that "[a]s Christ is the intermediary unto whom man unburdens all his divinity, all his religious bonds, so the state is the mediator unto which he transfers all his Godlessness, all his human liberty". Furthermore, Thomas Müntzer led a significant Anabaptist communist movement during the German Peasants' War which Engels analysed in The Peasant War in Germany. The Marxist ethos that aims for unity reflects the Christian universalist teaching that humankind is one and that there is only one god who does not discriminate among people. Pre-Marxist communism was also present in the attempts to establish communistic societies such as those made by the Essenes and the Judean desert sect.

In the 16th century, English writer Thomas More, venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, portrayed a society based on common property ownership in his treatise Utopia, whose leaders administered it through reason. Several groupings in the English Civil War supported this idea, especially the Diggers, who espoused clear communistic yet agrarian ideals. Oliver Cromwell and the Grandees' attitude to these groups was, at best, ambivalent and often hostile. Criticism of the idea of private property continued into the Enlightenment era of the 18th century through such thinkers as the profoundly religious Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Raised a Calvinist, Rousseau was influenced by the Jansenist movement within the Roman Catholic Church. The Jansenist movement originated from the most orthodox Roman Catholic bishops who tried to reform the Roman Catholic Church in the 17th century to stop secularization and Protestantism. One of the main Jansenist aims was democratizing to stop the aristocratic corruption at the top of the Church hierarchy. The participants of the Taiping Rebellion, who founded the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, a syncretic Christian-Shenic theocratic kingdom, are viewed by the Chinese Communist Party as proto-communists.

Buddhist socialism
Buddhist socialism advocates socialism based on the principles of Buddhism. Both Buddhism and socialism seek to provide an end to suffering by analyzing its conditions and removing its leading causes through praxis. Both also seek to provide a transformation of personal consciousness (respectively, spiritual and political) to bring an end to human alienation and selfishness. People described as Buddhist socialists include Buddhadasa Bhikkhu, B. R. Ambedkar, S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, Han Yong-un, Girō Senoo, U Nu, Uchiyama Gudō and Norodom Sihanouk.

Bhikkhu Buddhadasa coined the phrase "Dhammic socialism". He believed that socialism is a natural state, meaning all things exist together in one system. Han Yong-un felt that equality was one of the main principles of Buddhism. In an interview published in 1931, Yong-un spoke of his desire to explore Buddhist socialism: "I am recently planning to write about Buddhist socialism. Just like there is Christian socialism as a system of ideas in Christianity, there must be also Buddhist socialism in Buddhism."

Tenzin Gyatso, the Fourteenth Dalai Lama of Tibet, stated that "[o]f all the modern economic theories, the economic system of Marxism is founded on moral principles, while capitalism is concerned only with gain and profitability. [...] The failure of the regime in the former Soviet Union was, for me, not the failure of Marxism but the failure of totalitarianism. For this reason I still think of myself as half-Marxist, half-Buddhist".

Christian socialism
Some individuals and groups, past and present, are both Christian and socialist, such as Frederick Denison Maurice, author of The Kingdom of Christ (1838). Another example is the Christian Socialist Movement, affiliated with the British Labour Party. Distributism is an economic philosophy formulated by such Catholic thinkers as G. K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc to apply the principles of social justice articulated by the Roman Catholic Church, especially in Pope Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum novarum.

Various Catholic clerical parties have at times referred to themselves as Christian Social. Two examples are the Christian Social Party of Karl Lueger in Austria before and after World War I and the contemporary Christian Social Union in Bavaria. Nonetheless, these parties have never espoused socialist policies and have always stood on the conservative side of Christian democracy. Hugo Chávez of Venezuela was an advocate of a form of Christian socialism as he claimed that Jesus was a socialist.

Christian anarchism is a Christian movement in political theology that combines anarchism and Christianity. The foundation of Christian anarchism is a rejection of violence, with Leo Tolstoy's The Kingdom of God Is Within You regarded as a key text. Tolstoy sought to separate Russian Orthodox Christianity—which was merged with the state—from what he believed was the true message of Jesus as contained in the Gospels, specifically in the Sermon on the Mount. Tolstoy believed that all governments that wage war, and churches that support those governments, are an affront to the Christian principles of nonviolence and nonresistance. Although Tolstoy never actually used the term Christian anarchism in The Kingdom of God Is Within You, reviews of this book following its publication in 1894 appear to have coined the term. Christian anarchist groups have included the Doukhobors, Catholic Worker Movement and the Brotherhood Church.

Christian communism is a form of religious communism based on Christianity. It is a theological and political theory based upon the view that the teachings of Jesus Christ compel Christians to support communism as the ideal social system. Although there is no universal agreement on the exact date when Christian communism was founded, many Christian communists assert that evidence from the Bible (in the Acts of the Apostles) suggests that the first Christians, including the apostles, established their small communist society in the years following Jesus' death and resurrection. Many advocates of Christian communism argue that it was taught by Jesus and practised by the apostles. Some independent historians confirm it.

Islamic socialism
Islamic socialism incorporates Islamic principles into socialism. As a term, it was coined by various Muslim leaders to describe a more spiritual form of socialism. Scholars have highlighted the similarities between the Islamic economic system and socialist theory, as socialism and Islam are against unearned income. Muslim socialists believe that the teachings of the Quran and Muhammad—especially the zakat—are compatible with the principles of socialism. They draw inspiration from the early Medinan welfare state established by Muhammad. Muslim socialists found their roots in anti-imperialism. Muslim socialist leaders believe in the derivation of legitimacy from the public.

Islamic socialism is the political ideology of Libya's Muammar al-Gaddafi, former Iraqi president Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Syrian president Hafez Al-Assad, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the Pakistani leader of the Pakistan Peoples Party. The Green Book, written by Gaddafi, consists of three parts, namely "The Solution of the Problem of Democracy: 'The Authority of the People'", "The Solution of the Economic Problem: 'Socialism'" and "The Social Basis of the Third Universal Theory". The book is controversial because it completely rejects modern conceptions of liberal democracy and encourages the institution of a form of direct democracy based on popular committees. Critics charge that Qaddafi uses these committees as tools of autocratic political repression in practice.

Jewish socialism
The Jewish left consists of Jews who identify with, or support, left-wing or liberal causes consciously as Jews, either as individuals or through organizations, although there is no single organization or movement which constitutes the Jewish left. Jews have been major forces in the history of the labour movement, the settlement house movement, the women's rights movement, anti-racist and anti-colonialist work and anti-fascist and anti-capitalist organizations of many forms in Europe, the United States, Algeria, Iraq, Ethiopia, and modern-day Israel. Jews have a rich history of involvement in anarchism, socialism, Marxism and Western liberalism. Although the expression "on the left" covers a range of politics, many well-known figures "on the left" have been Jews who were born into Jewish families and have various degrees of connection to Jewish communities, Jewish culture, Jewish tradition, or the Jewish religion in its many variants.

Labor Zionism or socialist Zionism (צִיּוֹנוּת סוֹצְיָאלִיסְטִית, translit. Tziyonut sotzyalistit; תְּנוּעָת הָעַבוֹדָה translit. Tnu'at ha'avoda, i.e. The labor movement) is the left-wing of the Zionist movement. It was the most significant tendency among Zionists and Zionist organizations. It saw itself as the Zionist sector of Eastern and Central Europe's historic Jewish labour movements, eventually developing local units in most countries with sizable Jewish populations. Unlike the "political Zionist" tendency founded by Theodor Herzl and advocated by Chaim Weizmann, Labor Zionists did not believe that a Jewish state would be created simply by appealing to the international community or a powerful nation such as Britain, Germany or the Ottoman Empire. Instead, Labor Zionists believed that a Jewish state could only be created through the efforts of the Jewish working class settling in the Land of Israel and constructing a state through creating a progressive Jewish society with rural kibbutzim and moshavim and an urban Jewish proletariat.

Labor Zionism grew in size and influence and eclipsed "political Zionism" by the 1930s internationally and within the British Mandate of Palestine, where Labor Zionists predominated among many of the institutions of the pre-independence Jewish community Yishuv, particularly the trade union federation known as the Histadrut. The Haganah, the largest Zionist paramilitary defence force, was a Labor Zionist institution and was used on occasion (such as during the Hunting Season) against right-wing political opponents or to assist the British Administration in capturing rival Jewish militants. Labor Zionists played a leading role in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and Labor Zionists were predominant among the leadership of the Israeli Defense Force for decades after the formation of the state of Israel in 1948.

Prominent theoreticians of the Labor Zionist movement included Moses Hess, Nachman Syrkin, Ber Borochov, and Aaron David Gordon, and leading figures in the movement included David Ben-Gurion, Golda Meir and Berl Katznelson.

title: Religious socialism


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Reduction (linguistics)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:52, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Reduction (linguistics)
Delete- This article is saying that sez is a reduction of (says) Excuse me, but how is sez a reduction of says? That's how says is pronounced even in isolation. sez is only a more phonetic spelling spelling than says. sez is how the word says is pronounced. It's not a reduction 205.188.116.132 03:16, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Could use some expansion, but it is a legit linguistic concept. -- BD2412 talk 14:31, 2005 Jun 15 (UTC)
 * Keep. Article is well-written, informative, and encyclopaedic. To the original anon IP: It all depends on how you pronounce "says". jglc | t | c 15:10, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: it is a perfectly ligitimate but someone does need to do a little more with the article, maybe even consider it as a stub for expansion. By the way, this is the second legit article from Category:Phonology that I've seen put on VfD by a user from IP number 205.188.166.xxx. The other is Votes for deletion/H-cluster reductions. Bambaiah 05:12, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's true that sez is not a reduction of says, but that's hardly a ground for deletion of the whole article. --Angr/undefined 06:27, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Joel Brawley

Joel Vincent Brawley, Jr. is the Alumni Distinguished Professor of Mathematical Sciences at Clemson University. Brawley is reputed nationally for being a prolific mathematics educator and is regarded highly for his teaching abilities. Brawley is also a prominent researcher in the field of algebra, specifically finite fields.

Joel Vincent Brawley, Jr. was born in Mooresville in 1938. He went to the Mooresville High School and received his undergraduate degree in Engineering Mathematics/Mechanics, master's and doctoral degrees in Mathematics and Statistics, all from the North Carolina State University (NCSU) in Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. Brawley came to Clemson University as an assistant professor in 1965 after a brief stint on the Faculty of NCSU. He became associate professor in 1968, professor in 1972 and the Alumni Distinguished Professor in 1982.

Dr. Brawley has also been a research consultant with the National Security Agency (NSA) for the past three decades.

Dr. Joel Brawley received the highest awards in the nation for mathematics education including the Deborah and Franklin Haimo Awards for Distinguished College or University Teaching of Mathematics from the Mathematical Association of America, South Carolina Governor's Professor of the Year and the Class of 39 Award for Excellence from the Clemson University.

title: Joel Brawley


text:
Chris Cooley

Christopher Ken Cooley (born July 11, 1982) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Utah State Aggies and was selected by the Redskins in the third round of the 2004 NFL draft.

Early life
Cooley attended Logan High School in Logan, Utah, and lettered in football, wrestling, and baseball. As a senior football tight end, he caught 45 passes for 625 yards (13.34 yards per rec. avg.) and on defense, added eight sacks and numerous tackles. In wrestling, he posted a 54–0 record his senior season, winning an Utah state championship and earned All-America honors.

College career
Cooley finished his college football career at Utah State University with 95 receptions for 1,255 yards (13.2 yards per reception). He was part of a talented receiving unit with teammate Kevin Curtis. In 2003, his senior season at Utah State, Cooley led the NCAA in receptions by a tight end.

In 2017 he was inducted into the Utah State University Athletics Hall of Fame.

2004 season
In 2004, Cooley was drafted in the third round, with the 81st overall pick, of the 2004 NFL draft by the Washington Redskins. After being used sparingly in the first half of the 2004 season, Cooley began to be used more extensively in the last eight games, developing a rapport with Redskins quarterback Patrick Ramsey. In his first NFL season, Cooley led the team in touchdowns with six, while recording 37 receptions for 314 yards, catching three passes of more than twenty yards, and getting 23 first downs. He finished the season with an average of 8.5 yards per catch. He was the Redskins' nominee for the NFL Man of the Year award for his work reading to children and feeding the poor. He is also lesser known by the nickname "Johnny White Guy," which was given to him by Clinton Portis during one of Portis' colorful press conferences, but the off color nickname did not stick.

2005 season
During the 2005 season, Cooley had a solid season as a receiver, catching 71 passes for 774 yards and seven touchdowns, including three in a game versus the rival Dallas Cowboys, breaking the Redskins franchise record for receptions as a tight end in a single season. Those three touchdowns cost Cooley his fantasy football playoff game, because his opponent had Cooley on his fantasy team. He led all NFC tight ends in fan voting for the annual Pro Bowl with 422,314 votes, but following player and coach voting (each group had 1/3 weight), was not chosen for the position. He was named first-team All-NFC by Pro Football Weekly.

2006 season
In 2006, Cooley got off to a slow start under the play-calling of the Washington Redskins' new offensive coordinator, Al Saunders. With only three receptions in the first two weeks of the season, Cooley appeared to not have a place in the new offensive scheme, but in the weeks following, became a growing part of the Redskins offense. He ended the season with numbers slightly less than his sophomore outing, but was still one of the top tight ends in the game.

2007 season
On September 1, 2007, Cooley signed a six-year, $30 million contract extension. In 2007, he had scored in all but one game as of week six. In the sixth week, Cooley had nine receptions for a career-high 105 yards and one touchdown in a 17–14 loss against the Green Bay Packers. On December 18, he was named to the 2007 Pro Bowl team with Redskins tackle Chris Samuels, long-snapper Ethan Albright, and the late safety Sean Taylor. Cooley, Samuels and Albright wore Taylor's number 21 during the Pro Bowl in honor of him. Cooley set an NFL record by being the only tight end in league history to have six or more touchdowns in each of his first four seasons.

2008 season
In 2008, Cooley scored only one touchdown. In Week 5, he had eight receptions for a career-high 109 yards and one touchdown, on a pass from Antwaan Randle El in a 23–17 win against the Philadelphia Eagles. Cooley finished the season with 83 catches for 849 yards and one touchdown, with career highs in both catches and yardage. He was the only player not to get into the stat book in the 2009 Pro Bowl.

2009 season
Cooley broke his ankle in a matchup against the Philadelphia Eagles on October 26, 2009. It was initially speculated that Cooley would miss the remainder of the 2009 season. On October 27, 2009, Cooley commented via Twitter that the break may not have been as bad as originally thought and that he could possibly return in as little as four weeks. His longest play of the year was a 66-yard touchdown. On November 30, 2009, Cooley was placed on injured reserve.

2010 season
Cooley played in all sixteen games of the 2010 season, but had arthroscopic surgery on his left knee after the season on January 3, 2011.

2011 season
Still recovering from the arthroscopic surgery to his left knee, Cooley did not play in any of the preseason games in 2011. Cooley played only in the 2011 season's first five games. After the win in Week 1 against the New York Giants, Cooley became the Washington Redskins' all-time leader in receptions at the tight end position with 422 receptions, breaking the previous franchise record of 421 set by Jerry Smith. In Week 3 against the Dallas Cowboys, Cooley subbed in for Darrel Young and Mike Sellers, who were both injured, and played the fullback position for the first time in his career. In Week 6 against the Philadelphia Eagles, Cooley suffered a broken finger. On October 25, 2011, Cooley was placed on injured reserve after his knee was examined further by his doctor and he was told that it would take another four or five weeks before full recovery.

2012 season
During the preseason, it was reported that Cooley's knee was completely healed from the surgery and that he even lost 20 pounds to prepare for the 2012 season. However, Cooley was released by the Redskins on August 28, 2012. It had been hinted by general manager Bruce Allen that Cooley could return to the Redskins.

On October 21, 2012, Cooley agreed to re-sign with the Redskins after Fred Davis tore his Achilles tendon and was done for the season.

Retirement and post-playing career
On July 16, 2013, The Washington Post reported that Cooley was retiring from the NFL. The Post further reported that Cooley would join the Washington Redskins' radio broadcast team as an analyst.

Cooley also co-hosted Cooley & Kevin, a morning drive time sports show on ESPN 980 in D. C., with Kevin Sheehan. The show was cancelled in 2018. Cooley now hosts his own podcast, The Chris Cooley Show, in which he discusses Redskins and NFL news and breaks down each week's game film. He also produces weekly film review segments on the Redskins' official website.

On August 11, 2015, it was reported that Cooley expressed interest into returning to the NFL after working out at the Redskins facility during the off season. Cooley never officially retired from the NFL after not being re-signed by the Redskins in 2013. After playing only with the Redskins throughout his entire career, he was afraid to tarnish his legacy by joining another team. The following month, Cooley attended a workout for the New York Giants but was not signed.

On September 1, 2022, Cooley was inducted into Washington's Greatest Players list in honor of the franchise's 90th anniversary.

Personal life
Cooley resides in Powell, Wyoming.

Though he has previously attended the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, he has not affiliated with that Church since at least 2004. He and his first wife Angela divorced in 2005. Later that year, he started dating Redskinette (Redskin cheerleader) Christy Oglevee. She was fired for fraternizing with Redskins players, which the Redskins organization prohibits. They married on May 23, 2008 in Lansdowne, Virginia. In January 2012 they separated and in September they announced their intent to divorce. Cooley's first child, daughter Sloane, was born on September 11, 2014. He is currently married to Madi Debray. Cooley owned and operated an art gallery in Leesburg, Virginia from 2010 to 2019 where he also owned a home from 2007 to 2021. He and Debray relocated to Cooley's early childhood hometown of Powell, Wyoming in August 2020.

Cooley, frequently referred to by his nickname "Captain Chaos," is known for his eccentric hair styles, affinity for heavy metal music, and what one reporter has called an "Animal House persona". This nickname was created when teammates bet him he would not go out to the opening coin toss and introduce himself to the opposing team captains as "Captain Chaos". Cooley did so and the nickname stuck.

Cooley maintains his own blog, "The Cooley Zone." On Sunday, September 14, 2008, Cooley posted on his blog a photo of Redskins training materials that also included his genitals. The picture remained on his site all day Sunday until it was finally removed. Cooley apologized and referred to the incident as "a complete accident", claiming that he initially posted the photo without realizing it showed his genitals. He at one time maintained an online store through eBay, featuring jerseys, cards, and other personalized memorabilia. Cooley is an avid trading card collector, a hobby he rediscovered while searching for his own football cards.

Cooley is executive producer of the independent film Ghosts Don't Exist, which began production in May 2009. He was featured in an episode of Jake and Amir for the comedy website CollegeHumor.

Cooley majored in art at Utah State, and now pursues a side career as a potter.

Cooley made several appearances in TV commercials for Easterns Automotive Group, a local car dealership group on the DC and Baltimore areas, alongside Clinton Portis, Antwaan Randle El, Sean Taylor and Jason Campbell.

title: Chris Cooley


text: User talk:69.106.144.79

title: User talk:69.106.144.79


text:
Serravalle, San Marino

Serravalle is one of the nine castelli of San Marino. It has a population of 10,878 inhabitants (of whom 2,000 are of foreign origin) and an area of 10.53 km2. It is the most densely populated municipality in San Marino, and contains its largest settlement (Dogana). Serravalle is located on the edge of the Apennine Mountains.

Geography
The town borders on Sammarinese municipalities of Domagnano and Borgo Maggiore and the Italian municipalities Verucchio, Rimini and Coriano. Serravalle counts a surrounding quarter named Galazzano, where the weather station and an industrial area are located. Serravalle has San Marino's northernmost and lowest elevated points. The outer edge of Serravalle is about 10 km from central Rimini and the Adriatic Sea.

Serravalle recorded a temperature of 40.3 C on 3 and 9 August 2017, which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in San Marino.

Serravalle contains eight curazie: Cà Ragni, Cinque Vie, Dogana, Falciano, Lesignano, Ponte Mellini, Rovereta, and Valgiurata.

History
First mentioned in a 962 document, in medieval times this town was called Castrum Olnani (later Olnano), the village of the elm trees. Serravalle attached to San Marino in 1463, during the last territorial expansion of the Republic.

In the Rimini earthquake on 16 August 1916, several houses in Serravalle collapsed. Two houses were damaged in the earlier earthquake on 17 May 1916.

Points of interest

 * Chiesa di Sant Andrea (Saint Andrea's Church), built in 1824 by Luigi Fonti
 * Stadio Olimpico, not a stadium built to house the Olympics, but rather to house local San Marino football games
 * Stadio di Baseball di Serravalle, home ballpark for the T & A San Marino Baseball Club, which participates in the Italian Baseball League

International relations
Serravalle is twinned with:

 * 🇮🇹 Chiusi della Verna, Italy (1954)
 * 🇨🇳 Huangshan, China (1999)
 * Zakynthos, Greece (2014)
 * 🇮🇹 Sulmona, Italy (2017)
 * 🇮🇹 Tolentino, Italy (2020)

title: Serravalle, San Marino


text:
Talk:Joaquín Lavín

POV issues
Saying that he is known for his populism is completelly biased (removed). There are too many different views about that and you can write what his opposition thinks about him (this is supposed to be read by anyone...).
 * Just saying that he is catholic is enough.

I disagree. The articles on Opus Dei and Catholicism make the differences very clear. Eliot 14:39, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * After reading those articles I say that I give up on wikipedia. It's just too biased. I hope that someone starts suing it for some of the articles. Bye

-
 * actually, im from Chile and Lavin is a recognized populist, and heres just a few examples from that:

-in his campaign for presidency in 99, he made something called "my 60 proposals", they were all pretty much proposals that made changes for the middle class, such as local daycares, for example, none of these changes really presented a change in social structure on Chile, as one of the other changes was "ill sell the air-force one, so that i would not spend my mandate elsewhere". Hard to say that any of these proposals made a change on the gap between rich and the poor, or made a change on health or education or in economics, they were written mainly for a dumber audience, with very basic problems. -while he was campaigning, his main offensive was not speeches, in fact... it was carnivals, Lavin toured through out all of Chile with his "batucadas", wich of course costed more money that one could think of (one just wonders why all these corporations just handed the money to lavin just like that, and the answer was that Lavin probably promised tax cuts, and other liberalizations), to this date, Lavin made the most expensive presidential campaing on the history of Chile, on the radio it was imposible to listen to it without hearing one of his campaign adds (wich usually was a salsa). after his loss, Lavin decided to run as santiago's mayor... the results were disastrous, as lavin quickly run off on money, mainly because of his populist campaings, he ran the biggest presidential campaign as a mayor of santiago: -created a beach on santiago, wich was a swimming pool with sand wich was brought in by truck, it was as expensive as it sounds, and lacked any practical use: the swimming pools were for children only. -created a ski place, on sunny santiago, again, lavin brought snow from afar an created his ski thing... wich was even more expensive than the last plan, and lasted even less. -made dubious plans to fight delinquency, such as "panic buttons", red car patrols, and little anti-deliquency booths. None of these made deliquency go lower, although they did proved to make the budget run off very quickly. Lavin spent the cash in dubious proposals, none of them really made anything better, as they all dealt with making the people happier ("bread and circus") and appearing on the news pappers. As lavin quickly ran out of cash, Lavin showed everyone that he could top himself... not only he raised the bar, he broke it now: -sold the rights for water, santiago used to had free water for both schools and public places, Lavin sold that to make quick cash... the result was the ski center (that lasted less than a week) and of course the loss of the rights of water, wich are now a new debt every year for Santiago. -Sold the building where the offices of santiago used to be. Yet, another bold move, he sold the building to get more cash, and the result was that now santiago has to pay for rent. -the results of all this was a void of 1500 million pesos, today Lavin denies the source, but doesnt denies that in fact he was a horrible mayor. there is more, of course. Needless is to say, that Lavins' popularity droped, now it wont even go up the 30% (as oposed the 48% he had in 99). Not to mention that it caused that the "Alianza por Chile", the coalition between the 2 right-wing parties to win the presidency, to split, now there are 2 right-wing candidates running, as RN did not wanted to see a hegemony of UDI in the elections.

I cant accept that
Im sorry but I just cant accept that, the "60 proposals" of Joaquin Lavin were ideas to help the middle class who has been for years pass over by the left coalition "Concertacion", to treat the one of us who vote for Lavin as "dumb" is an incredible political intolerance. And by the way the people of Santiago endorse the decisions made by Lavin as mayor, electing his favorite candidate Raul Alcaino independent from the UDI over the PPD left candidate Jorge Schaulson.

 * Exactly. Lavín is actually quite popular and is reflected by that fact that 1,601,169 voted for him. The split of the Alianza had probably more to do with Piñera's lust for power. I doubt you've ever read the 60 Proposals, since most of them are in fact pretty significant. As the previous post says, the people of Santiago supporter Lavín, since they voted for Alcaino. Additionally, your post was quite useless, since it adds nothing to the article.

oh dear, but Lavin lost in the recent election!, with less than a 25% of the votes, where were the people of santiago to support him?. I dont recall treating people who voted for him as dumb (ill need a quotation there), perhaps you should had studied a little bit to know that ours is still a presidentialist country mainly because theres a clear lack of political discipline (we are not europe, thats for sure), back in 99 it was a different year, we just had one of the worst goverments in history (Frei) and people really believed in Lavin as the next best thing, yet as i went through in all i sayd, i made it clear why he lost his popularity, losing to the RN candidate (and of course the socialist candidate), but most importantly, and considering that UDI is a much bigger party than RN, it all meant one thing: Lavin lost all outside-udi votes. About the campaign in santiago, the people went for Alcaino mainly because he was surprisingly the best choice (Schaulson being an unknown in the political field and Alcaino a respected TV host and Engeneer), yet if Lavin would had run again, we would just had to see if he would had won again. I read the 60 proposals, and none of them attacked the real issues of Chile, such as AFP, ISAPRES, unequality in wealth distribution and education for everyone. Most of the proposals were really simple: Jobs/crime/healthcare, yet from where would the fund would come for the most daring of the proposals?(such as to give salaries for neighborhood babysitting, where would a country with only a 20 billion dollar budget would get the money for that?). Many if not all of the proposals were very populists, and id be happy to go 1 by 1 on each of them.

 * Well I hope you are happy now we have Michelle Bachelet as president, obviously you think that she is better prepared that Joaquin Lavin to be the chief of state, but so far SHE HAS DONE NOTHING but embarrassing herself with ludicrous economic opinions (she doesnt understand the effect of the dollar in the copper industry) and trying to defend the mistakes of the Lagos administration (the embarrassment of patio 29) oh dear indeed. Agrofelipe 12/05/06

And now the students of Chile force her hand without problems, what a complete lack of authority, this Bachelet is a joke. Agrofelipe 25/06/06

 * Lagos?, you mean the dirt campaign of his name by the UDI in beginnings of the year?, so far Lagos is still seen as one of the best presidents in Chile's history, the UDI campaign proved of little importance as the strugles within the Alianza seem to be of more importance right now than pre-emptive attempt to discredit the man of the 70% poll ratings (such as millionaire debts for campaigns and of course that Piñera took the the helm out of the UDI's hands, and that the UDI has leadership struggles at the moment), and about Bachelet, I never sayd i supported her, on TV she has stated bold opinnions such as that the battle of Angamos ocurred on May (although, every chilean should know that the battle of Angamos ocurred nowhere near May) and of course the cherry on top about her statements on copper and dollars, so far she's beginning to look more like a Frei than a Lagos. About the students, you should research a little, it goes back to Pinochet's last day, in wich he signed the LOCE, wich effectively turns education into a profitable business, at the expense of education that is, and of course like many other goverment issues that were turned into a business by Pinochet (such as ISAPRES for health and AFP for pensions, all of them deeply criticized as down-right selective thievery), it cant be rooted out of the system as there are economics involved. Although, what a bold move to defend Lavin by attacking Bachelet, thats pure 100% punditry right there.

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title: Talk:Joaquín Lavín


text:
Victor Tausk

Victor Tausk (also Viktor; March 12, 1879 – July 3, 1919) was a pioneer psychoanalyst and neurologist. A student and a colleague of Sigmund Freud, he was the earliest exponent of psychoanalytical concepts with regard to clinical psychosis and the personality of the artist.

Career
Tausk was born as son of a Jewish journalist. He had been a lawyer and writer when he began to study medicine in Vienna around 1910. He joined the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society and soon began to contribute papers. In 1900 he converted from Judaism to Protestantism. During the First World War, he was recruited as a military doctor. The originality of his contribution to military medicine is contained in his theories on psychoses and his understanding of the phenomenon of desertion (Tréhel, G., 2006). Building up on his war experience, he wrote on war-induced psychoses while the other psychoanalysts were working on war neurosis. He took part in the debate on the disorder within the Society (Tréhel, G., 2011).

In 1919, after he had stepped out from Freud's shadow, Tausk published a paper on the origin of a delusion common to a wide array of schizophrenic patients, namely that an alien device, malignant and remote, had influenced their thoughts and their behavior. This device was referred to as the Influencing Machine and the paper was called "On the Origin of the "Influencing Machine" in Schizophrenia". It is the most well known of his publications, reaching beyond his own field of research into others, such as literary theory, for example. This work influenced many later theorists of psychoanalysis, including Heinz Kohut in his book Analysis of the Self where narcissistic regression showed great similarities with psychotic fantasmatic configurations.

His many other works include On Masturbation and The Psychology of the War Deserter, all of which have generated much controversy and discussion, arguably due to his experience within the psychoanalytic community. However, Paul Roazen has argued that Tausk's legacy is still ongoing, and that his influence has not been properly acknowledged by the psychological, or psychoanalytical communities.

Freud and death
On the morning of July 3, 1919, after Helene Deutsch had stopped Tausk's treatment after Freud had demanded it, and after a complicated relation with Freud and Lou Andreas-Salomé, Tausk committed suicide by tying a curtain braid around his neck, then placing a pistol against his right temple and firing, hanging himself as he fell.

Freud wrote to Salomé that "I confess that I do not really miss him; I had long realised that he could be of no further service; indeed that he constituted a threat to the future."

Selected bibliography

 * Victor Tausk. Sexuality, War and Schizophrenia: Collected Psychoanalytic Papers (Philanthropy and Society) (1990) ISBN 0-88738-365-3

Books on Viktor Tausk

 * Kurt R. Eissler. Victor Tausk's Suicide (1983) ISBN 0-8236-6735-9
 * Kurt R. Eissler. Talent and Genius: The Fictitious Case of Tausk Contra Freud (1971) ISBN 0-8021-0089-9
 * Paul Roazen. Brother Animal: The Story of Freud and Tausk (1969) ISBN 0-8147-7395-8
 * Gilles Tréhel. Victor Tausk (1879-1919) et la médecine militaire, L'information Psychiatrique, 2006, vol. 82, n°3, p. 239-247.
 * Gilles Tréhel. Victor Tausk (1879-1919) : une théorisation sur les psychoses de guerre, Perspectives Psy, 2011, vol. 50, n°2, p. 162-175.

title: Victor Tausk


text:
List of hooligan firms

Hooligan firms (also known as football firms) are groups that participate in football hooliganism in European countries. For groups in Latin America, see barra brava and torcida organizada.

Belgium

 * Club Brugge – East Side
 * RSC Anderlecht – O Side
 * Royal Antwerp F.C. – X Side

Bosnia and Herzegovina

 * FK Sarajevo – Horde Zla
 * FK Željezničar Sarajevo – The Maniacs
 * FK Velež – Red Army Mostar
 * FK Borac Banja Luka – Lešinari
 * NK Široki Brijeg – Škripari
 * HŠK Zrinjski – Ultras Mostar
 * FK Sloboda Tuzla – Fukare Tuzla
 * NK Čelik Zenica – Robijaši
 * NK Jedinstvo Bihać – Sila Nebeska
 * FK Slavija Sarajevo – Sokolovi

Bulgaria

 * Levski Sofia – Sector B
 * CSKA Sofia – Sector G
 * Botev Plovdiv – Bultras
 * Lokomotiv Plovdiv – Lauta Army
 * Cherno More Varna – The Sailors
 * Spartak Varna – The Falcons
 * Neftochimic Burgas – The Sheiks
 * Minyor Pernik – The Hammers
 * Beroe Stara Zagora – Zara Boys

Croatia

 * Dinamo Zagreb – Bad Blue Boys
 * Hajduk Split – Torcida Split, White Boys
 * Osijek – Kohorta Osijek
 * Rijeka – Armada Rijeka

Czech Republic

 * Baník Most – Brüx Vandals, Radical Boys
 * Baník Ostrava – Silesian Hunters, Apple Commando, Thor Division, BARABI, Marienbad Ultras
 * Bohemians 1905 – Berserk, Tornado Boys
 * Dukla Prague – Young Hunters
 * Dynamo České Budějovice – Brigade Gauners
 * Jablonec – Corps Juniors
 * SFC Opava – Chalupáři, Young Boys, Bulldog Corps
 * Sigma Olomouc – NSC 88, Tarzan Boys Olomouc, Hooligans Hovada Zubr, Ultras Nové Sady, Zubr Gang Prerov
 * Slavia Prague – Youngsters, Brigate 97, Slavia Hooligans, Tlupa Toma Sojera, RWS
 * Slovan Liberec – Kategorie S, Ultras Liberec, D.B.S.
 * Sparta Prague – Prague Boys, Youth Firm, Falanga, Brigade Drápek z Lasičky, Ultras Sparta, Red Pirates Sparta, Frakce Rudý Úder
 * Teplice – Division Nord, North Warriors
 * Viktoria Plzeň – Service Squad, Blue-Red Wolves Plzeň, Pilsen Bo!s, Radikálové Plzeň, Pilsen Fans
 * Viktoria Žižkov – Ultras Viktoria
 * Zbrojovka Brno – Division S, Johny Kentus Gang, Orthodox Fans Brno, Torcida, Ultras

Denmark

 * AGF – White Pride, Aarhus Casuals
 * Aab – Aalborg Frontline, Aalborg Casual Youth
 * Esbjerg fB – Esbjerg Supras
 * F.C. København – Copenhagen Casuals, Copenhagen Casuals Young Boys
 * Lyngby Boldklub – Blue Army

England

 * AFC Bournemouth – Bournemouth Casual Element
 * Aldershot Town – A Company
 * Arsenal – The Gooners, The Edecaws
 * Aston Villa – Villa Youth, Steamers, Villa Hardcore, C-Crew
 * Birmingham City – Zulu Warriors
 * Blackburn Rovers – Blackburn Youth, Darwen Mob, H Division, Mill Hill Mob
 * Blackpool – The Muckers
 * Bolton Wanderers – Cuckoo Boys, Boltons Service Youth
 * Bradford City – The Ointment
 * Brentford – Ealing Road Army, Brentford Youth Element
 * Bristol City – City Service Firm, Family Stand Ointment
 * Bristol Rovers – Gas Hit Squad
 * Burnley – Suicide Squad
 * Bury – Interchange Riot Squad
 * Carlisle United – Border City Firm
 * Charlton Athletic – Cockney Firestarters, B Mob Charlton Youth Casuals
 * Chelsea – Headhunters
 * Chester – 125's
 * Coventry City – The Legion
 * Crystal Palace – Dirty 30, Holmesdale Fanatics.
 * Derby County – Derby Lunatic Fringe
 * Everton – County Road Cutters
 * F.C. Halifax Town - Halifax Youth
 * Grimsby Town – Cleethorpes Beach Patrol, Grimsby Hit Squad
 * Hartlepool United – Blue Order, North West Corner (NWC)
 * Huddersfield Town – Huddersfield Young Casuals
 * Hull City – Hull City Psychos
 * Ipswich Town – Ipswich Punishment Squad,Blue Action
 * Leeds United – Leeds United Service Crew
 * Leicester City – Baby Squad
 * Lincoln City – Lincoln Transit Elite
 * Liverpool – The Urchins, R.R.S. Runcorn Riot Squad
 * Luton Town – The MIGs, Lutonistan, Lutonlees Bury Park Boys
 * Manchester City – Blazing Squad, Cool Cats, Guvnors, Mayne Line Service Crew
 * Manchester United – The Red Army, Men In Black, Inter City Jibbers
 * Mansfield Town – Mansfield Shady Express
 * Middlesbrough – The Frontline
 * Millwall – Bushwackers
 * Newcastle United – Newcastle Gremlins, The New Batch
 * Nottingham Forest – Forest Executive Crew
 * Norwich City – Norwich Hit Squad, Under 5's
 * Oldham Athletic – Fine Young Casuals
 * Oxford United – South Midlands Hit Squad
 * Peterborough United – Blue Division
 * Plymouth Argyle – The Central Element
 * Portsmouth – 6.57 Crew
 * Preston North End – Preston Para Squad
 * Queens Park Rangers – Bushbabies
 * Reading FC – Reading Youth Firm
 * Shrewsbury Town – English Border Front
 * Sheffield United – Blades Business Crew
 * Sheffield Wednesday – Owls Crime Squad (OCS), Is That It (ITI)
 * Southampton – The Uglies, Inside Crew, Scum Army
 * Southend United – CS Crew
 * Stockport County — EVF (Edgeley Volunteer Force)
 * Stoke City —Naughty Forty
 * Sunderland – The Seaburn Casuals
 * Swindon Town – The Aggro Boys; Swindon Active Service (SAS)
 * Tottenham Hotspur – Yid Army, Tottenham Massive, Spurs N17
 * Tranmere Rovers – TSB (Tranmere Stanley Boys)
 * Port Vale – Vale Lunatic Fringe
 * West Bromwich Albion – Section Five
 * Watford – Watford Risk Squad
 * West Ham United – Inter City Firm I.C.F
 * Wolverhampton Wanderers – Subway Army 1981–1984, The Bridge Boys 1987–1988, Yam Yam Army mid 2000s–present
 * York City – York Nomad Society (YNS)

Finland

 * HIFK – IFKs Yngre Grabbar
 * HJK – Sakilaiset
 * TPS
 * Jokerit
 * FC Lahti – Lahen Pojat

France

 * Paris Saint-Germain F.C. – Commando Pirate, Casual Firm, Indépendants
 * Lille OSC – LOSC Army
 * Olympique Lyonnais – Mezza Lyon

Germany

 * Borussia Dortmund – Frontline, Northside
 * Chemnitzer FC – HooNaRa
 * Dynamo Dresden – Hooligans Elbflorenz, Faust des Ostens
 * Eintracht Frankfurt – Adlerfront
 * 1. FSV Mainz 05 – Mz-Army '84

Hungary

 * Ferencvárosi TC – Kettes szektor (2nd Sector)

Indonesia

 * Arema F.C. – Curva Sud Arema
 * Bali United F.C. – North Side Boys 12
 * Persebaya Surabaya – Green Nord 27
 * Persib Bandung – Northern Wall, Flowers City Casuals
 * Persija Jakarta – Curva Sud Persija, Tiger Bois
 * Persikabo 1973 – Ultras Persikabo Curva Sud
 * Persis Solo – Surakartans 1923, Ultras 1923
 * PSIS Semarang – Hooligans 1932
 * PSS Sleman – Brigata Curva Sud

Israel

 * Beitar Jerusalem – La Familia

Kosovo

 * FC Drita – Intelektualët
 * KF Gjilani – Skifterat

Malaysia

 * National Team – Malaysia Casual

Clubs

 * Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C. – Inter Johor Firm
 * Selangor F.C. – Left Side Elite
 * Kedah Darul Aman F.C. – Grelow Bad Kasual
 * Kelantan F.C. – Kelantan Casual
 * Kuala Lumpur City F.C. – Kuala Lumpur Casual
 * Negeri Sembilan F.C. – Blood Militia 427
 * Perak F.C. – Inter City Firm
 * Sabah F.C. – North Borneo Firm
 * Sri Pahang F.C. – Darul Makmur Elite
 * Terengganu F.C. – Coastal City Lads

Montenegro

 * FK Budućnost – Varvari
 * FK Berane - Streetboys

Netherlands

 * ADO Den Haag – Midden Noord, North Side, Vak-G
 * AFC Ajax – A.F.C.A, F-Side, AFCA Youth, AFCA 4th, North Up Alliance, South Crew VAK410
 * AZ – Ben-Side, Red White Fanatics/Alkmaar Fanatics
 * De Graafschap – Brigata Tifosi, Spinnenkop
 * PEC Zwolle – S-Side, Vandas noord, Zwolle Joet
 * FC Dordrecht – Island defenders, Dikeside
 * FC Groningen – Groningen Fanatics, Z-Side
 * FC Twente – Vak-P
 * FC Utrecht – Bunnikside, UHF
 * Feyenoord – U.D.F, DeF, SCF, FIIIR, Vak-S
 * Helmond Sport – AA-Side, NFH Hsh/Hyc
 * MVV Maastricht – Angel-Side, Ultras Mestreech
 * NAC Breda – B-Side, F7 Ultras, Vak-G
 * NEC – HKN, Eastside
 * PSV – L-Side, Lighttown Madness, Oostfront
 * SC Cambuur – M.I.-Side
 * SC Heerenveen – Nieuw Noord
 * Sparta Rotterdam – Spangenaren, Tifosi del Castello
 * Vitesse – Rijnfront, Vak126
 * Willem II – Kingside, Tilburg Tifosi

Norway

 * Aalesunds FK / SPK Rollon – Blue Army Aalesund / Blue Army Rollon
 * Fredrikstad FK – Brigade Rød Hvit (BRH) CCTV Firm, Red Beavers.
 * Ham-Kam – Briskebys Beste Borgere (BBB)
 * I.K. Start – Christianssands Herreekvipasje (CHE)
 * Lillestrøm SK – Sportsklubbens fineste (SKF)
 * S.K. Brann – Bergen Casuals (TGB)
 * Viking FK – Stavanger Yngre (SYC)
 * Vålerenga I.F. Fotball – Isko Boys, Enga Casuals, Enga Yngre

Poland

 * Arka Gdynia – Młoda Arka
 * Cracovia – Jude Gang
 * Górnik Zabrze – Torcida
 * Korona Kielce – YBH'01 (Young Boys Hooligans)
 * Lech Poznań – Brygada Banici, Young Freaks '98
 * Lechia Gdańsk – Młode Orły
 * Legia Warsaw – Teddy Boys'95, Turyści'97
 * Pogoń Szczecin – Terror Corps
 * Ruch Chorzów – Psycho Fans
 * Stal Stalowa Wola – Stalówka 'BZC'
 * Śląsk Wrocław – silesia
 * Widzew Łódź – Destroyers
 * Wisła Kraków – Sharks
 * Zagłębie Sosnowiec – Barra Bravas'97

Portugal

 * Boavista Futebol Clube – Panteras Negras – Ultras 84
 * Futebol Clube do Porto – Super Dragões Colectivo 95
 * Sport Lisboa e Benfica – Diabos Vermelhos, No Name Boys
 * Sporting Clube de Braga – Ultras Red Boys
 * Sporting Clube de Portugal – Directivo Ultras XXI, Juventude Leonina, Sporting Casuals, Torcida Verde
 * Vitória Sport Clube – White Angels

Russia

 * CSKA Moscow – Gallant Steeds, Yaroslavka
 * Spartak Moscow – Gladiators Firm '96, Fratria
 * Zenit Saint Petersburg – Music Hall

Scotland

 * Aberdeen – Aberdeen Soccer Casuals, Under 5s
 * Airdrie – Section B, Red Army Firm
 * Alloa – Alloa Defense Unit
 * Arbroath – Arbroath Soccer Crew, Arbroath Soccer Society
 * Ayr – Ayr Service Crew
 * Celtic – Celtic Soccer Crew, Roman Catholic Casuals, Style Mile Vandals
 * Dundee – Dundee Soccer Crew, Hilltown Huns
 * Dundee United – Tannadice Trendies, The Shimmy
 * Dundee & Dundee United – The Utility, Alliance Under Fives
 * Dunfermline – Carnegie Soccer Service
 * Falkirk – Falkirk Fear, Falkirk yoof
 * Greenock Morton – Morton Soccer Crew, Morton Youth
 * Heart of Midlothian – Casual Soccer Firm, Gorgie Boot Boys, Gorgie Aggro, Shed Boys, Hearts Service Crew.
 * Hibernian – Capital City Service, Blackleys Baby Crew, The Family, Hibs Baby Crew, Inter City Fleet
 * Inverness Caledonian Thistle – North Stand Boys.
 * Kilmarnock – Paninaro
 * Meadowbank Thistle – Thistle Soccer Boys
 * Montrose – Portland Bill Seaside Squad, Montrose Soccer Unit
 * Motherwell – Saturday Service, Tufty Club, Soccer Shorties, Nu-Kru
 * Partick Thistle – North Glasgow Express
 * Queen of the South – Casuals Internal Division
 * Raith Rovers – Kirkcaldy Soccer Casuals, Kirkcaldy Baby Crew
 * Rangers – Inter City Firm, Her Majesty's Service, Rangers Soccer Babes, Section Red
 * St Johnstone – Fair City Firm, Mainline Baby Squad, Perth Pack, BenJDavo Renegades
 * St Mirren – Love Street Division
 * Scotland FC – Scottish National Firm

Serbia

 * Partizan Beograd – Alcatraz, Grobari, Head Hunters, Juzni Front, Zabranjeni
 * Red Star Belgrade – Delije, Belgrade Boys, Red Devils, Zulu Warriors, Ultras
 * Rad Belgrade – United Force
 * FK Zemun – Taurunum Boys
 * Vojvodina Novi Sad – Firma
 * Spartak Subotica – Marinci
 * Radnički Niš – Meraklije
 * FK Novi Pazar – Ekstremi, Torcida Sandžak
 * OFK Belgrade – Plava Unija

Slovakia

 * FK Dukla Banská Bystrica – Red White Angeles
 * FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda – Felvidéki Harcosok (Hungarian: "Upland warriors")
 * MFK Košice – Rebels VSS, Psycho Boys
 * FC Nitra – Bulldogs '95
 * ŠK Slovan Bratislava – Ultras Slovan Pressburg
 * FC Spartak Trnava – Red Black Warriors
 * 1. FC Tatran Prešov – Village Brigade
 * AS Trenčín – Trenchtown Gangsters
 * MŠK Žilina – Yellow Green Fanatics, Terror Boys

Spain

 * Athletic Club – Herri Norte Taldea
 * Cádiz CF – Brigadas Amarillas
 * Celta de Vigo – Celtarras
 * Club Atlético de Madrid – Frente Atlético, Suburbios Firm
 * Club Atlético Osasuna – Indar Gorri
 * F.C Barcelona – Boixos Nois
 * Deportivo Alavés – Iraultza 1923
 * Deportivo de La Coruña – Riazor Blues
 * Málaga C.F – Frente Bokerón, Malaka Hinchas
 * Rayo Vallecano – Bukaneros
 * Real Betis – Supporters Gol Sur
 * Real Madrid – Ultras Sur
 * Real Oviedo – Symmachiarii
 * Real Sociedad – Peña Mujika
 * Real Zaragoza – Ligallo Fondo Norte, Avispero
 * Sevilla FC – Biris Norte
 * Sporting de Gijón – Ultra Boys
 * Valencia FC – Ultras Yomus, Curva Nord

Sweden

 * AIK – Firman Boys, Young Boys,
 * BS BolticGöta/Degerfors IF/Färjestads BK – Värmlandsalliansen
 * Djurgårdens IF – Djurgårdens Fina Grabbar (DFG), Djurgårdens Yngre Grabbar, Djurgårdens Mindre Grabbar
 * GAIS – Gärningsmännen, GAIS Yngre, GAIS Babys
 * IFK Göteborg – Wisemen, Gothenburg Youth Division, Youth crew Gothenburg, Gothenburg United
 * Kalmar FF – Kalmarfamiljen
 * Hammarby IF – Kompisgänget Bajen (KGB), Sudra Divizione MMXI, Bajen Baby Squad, Bajen Yngsta, Bajen Orphans
 * Helsingborgs IF – Frontline
 * Linköpings HC – Cluben Casuals
 * Malmö FF – True Rockers
 * Örgryte IS – Red fans klan

Turkey

 * Fenerbahce – KFY (Kill For You), Bogaz Hooligans

Ukraine

 * FC Arsenal Kyiv – Hoods Hoods Klan
 * Dynamo Kyiv – WBC (White Boys Club), Rodychi, Kyiv City Supporters, Albatros, Young Hope
 * Shakhtar Donetsk – Za Boys Ultras
 * FC Dnipro – Ultras'83
 * Karpaty Lviv – Banderstadt Ultras, Green White Ultras
 * Metalist Kharkiv – United Kharkiv, Pivdenna hrupa
 * Zorya Luhansk – Black-White Ultras
 * Vorskla Poltava – Crew Of Golden Eagle
 * Metalurh Zaporizhzhia – Beshketnyky
 * Volyn Lutsk – Volyn Crusaders Firm
 * Chornomorets Odesa – SouthFront
 * Nyva Ternopil – Terno Field Army
 * FC Oleksandriya – PFCO Supporters
 * Dnipro Cherkasy – Cherkasy Ultras

Wales

 * Cardiff City – Soul Crew
 * Swansea City – Jack Army, Swansea Riot Squad
 * Wrexham – Wrexham Frontline

title: List of hooligan firms


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Uber-Correspondent

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Eugene van der Pijll 19:41, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Uber-Correspondent
Neologism and/or very limited localized radio promotion--only one displayed hit for "Uber-Correspondent" iain, which is on the given radio station's website, and only 7 names on the list are identified as "Uber-Correspondent"s. Niteowlneils 03:22, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * delete neologisms. Brighterorange 03:35, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, or face the onslaught of the Uber-Foo. -- BD2412 talk 04:53, 2005 Jun 15 (UTC)
 * Delete: Ubermenschen would not need to advertise. Geogre 11:55, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pavel Vozenilek 23:39, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, I actually think it's quite interesting and isn't hurting anyone. Besides, it's quite unique and gives a good idea of the character of Iain's show.
 * Unsigned vote by Samblock (user's 4th edit).
 * KEEP oh go on, its a bit of fun and its releveant to the show. dont be so mean and grumpy
 * Unsigned vote by anon 213.146.155.194.
 * Keep, he's coined it.
 * Unsigned vote by anon 80.44.229.206
 * KEEP I am Iain Lee's American UBER Correspondent and if you delete this page you will be sentenced to listen to Clive Bull for the rest of your life and lunch with George Bush!! --LuciaL 10:03, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * User LuciaL has all of 8 Wikipedia edits - all to this VfD. -- BD2412 talk|undefined 15:34, 2005 Jun 20 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: Talk:The New York Ripper

title: Talk:The New York Ripper


text:
Irfan Orga

İrfan Orga (October 31, 1908 – November 29, 1970) was a Turkish fighter pilot, staff officer, and author, writing in English. He published books on many areas of Turkish life, cookery, and history, as well as a life of Atatürk under whom Orga served, and a universally admired autobiography (Portrait of a Turkish Family, 1950). He also wrote two educational books for children.

Early life
Orga's memoirs describe his childhood and wealthy bourgeois family in Istanbul, Turkey, in the early 1900s. His mother, Şevkiye (1895–1940), was a Balkan/Turkish woman (aged fifteen at his birth), while his father ran his own business. He describes his autocratic grandmother as an eccentric socialite.

Educated at Kuleli Military High School, Harbiye Staff College, and Eskişehir Air College (1919–1933), Orga was born into a wealthy Ottoman Turkish family in Istanbul. Orga's life was significantly influenced by the outbreak of World War I. His father Hüsnü died on the way to the Dardanelles and his uncle Ahmet died in Syria. Orga witnessed first hand the hardships of the war, the Allied Occupation of Constantinople, the end of Ottoman Empire, and the birth of the modern Turkish republic.

In 1942/43, while he was in the UK on a three-year diplomatic posting from the Turkish Air Force, he met a young married Norman-Irish woman, Margaret Veronica Gainsboro née D'Arcy-Wright (1914/19–1974). Since living with a foreigner was then a military offence in Turkey, Orga, having resigned his commission in early 1947, eventually fled the country for the UK, arriving in London just before the Christmas of that year (in absentia, he was convicted and fined in an Ankara court in September 1949). He never returned to Turkey. Once Margaret's divorce had been finalised in January 1948, they married.

Writing
In the UK, Orga sought various menial jobs, unsuccessfully, turning eventually to writing in 1949. Portrait of a Turkish Family received exceptional reviews from critics including John Betjeman, Harold Nicolson, Arthur Anderson, Barbara Worsley-Gough and Peter Quennell. His wife joined the publishers Secker & Warburg in 1957, later being appointed editor at W H Allen in the early 1960s.

Orga tells his stories with multiple layers of complexity. He quickly makes clear his changing environment, with the death of his grandfather, the main provider of two generations of his family and their servants. His father, being a worldly man, understands that war is imminent. He proposes that his family sell their hereditary home in Istanbul, and move to another less expensive place, outside the city. However, reluctance is voiced. Orga captures the fear that a man can be suddenly in charge of a large group of people who depend on him for their survival.

Orga was well-travelled, and wrote about his experiences. The Caravan Moves On (1958, Book Society Recommendation) is a story about the Yoruk nomads of the Taurus mountains in southeastern Turkey. An earlier title, Cooking with Yogurt. was the first book in post-war Britain to specifically promote yogurt and its properties.

Ateş Orga, the writer and record producer, sums up his father as "a gentle and kind person, a man of wisdom and sensitivity, of psychology and perception, a man of honour [...] a dreamer, a questioner, a lover of life's spirit [...] the fortress of our existence [...] a good human being".

Books by Irfan Orga

 * Portrait of a Turkish Family London 1950; New York 1950, 1957; London 1988, 1993, 2006, afterword Ateş Orga, rev afterword 2011; Istanbul 1994, afterword Ateş Orga, 2009, prefaces Talât Sait Halman, Ayşe Kulin, rev afterword Ateş Orga; Athens 2000; Barcelona 2001; Amsterdam/Antwerp 2002, 2005, 2014; Florence 2007; Zürich/Hamburg 2009, rev afterword; Paris 2010, rev afterword; Oslo 2010; Lahore 2011; Bucharest 2014, rev afterword
 * Cooking With Yogurt London 1956, 1975, 1981
 * The Young Traveller in Turkey London 1957; Amsterdam nd
 * The Caravan Moves On London 1958, Book Society Recommendation; Munich 1960; Eland, London 2002 abridged, afterword Ateş Orga; Florence 2008; Istanbul 2014
 * The Land and People of Turkey London 1958 [under the pseudonym Ali Riza]
 * Phoenix Ascendant London 1958
 * Turkish Cooking London 1958, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1975; London 1999, foreword Jennifer Paterson, introduction Ateş Orga
 * Atatürk London 1962 [jointly with Margarete Orga]
 * Cooking the Middle East Way London 1962
 * Dark Journey: the Legend of Kamelya and Murat London 2014, afterword Ateş Orga

title: Irfan Orga