text:
Battle of Muye

The Battle of Muye, Mu, or Muh (c. 1046 BC) took place in ancient China between the rebel Zhou state and the reigning Shang dynasty. The Zhou army, led by Wu of Zhou, defeated the defending army of king Di Xin of Shang at Muye and captured the Shang capital Yin, ending the Shang dynasty. The Zhou victory led to the establishment of the Zhou dynasty, and is used in Chinese historiography as a justified example of the doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven.

Background
By the 12th century BC, Shang influence extended west to the Wei River valley, a region that was occupied by clans known as the Zhou. King Wen of Zhou, the ruler of the Zhou and vassal of the Shang king, was given the title "Overlord of the West" by Di Xin of Shang (King Zhou). Di Xin used King Wen to guard his rear while he was involved in a south-eastern campaign.

Eventually, Di Xin came to fear King Wen's growing power and imprisoned him. Although Wen was later released, the tension between Shang and Zhou grew. Wen prepared his army and conquered a few smaller states which were loyal to Shang, slowly weakening Shang's allies. King Wen died in 1050 BC before Zhou's actual offensive against Shang.

Di Xin did not stress about Zhou's local conquests in the Wei River valley, as he viewed himself as a rightful ruler, appointed by his divine ancestors. Other records describe him as overindulging in alcohol and sex with his consort Daji.

King Wen's son King Wu of Zhou led the Zhou in a revolt a few years later. The reason for this delay was that King Wu believed that the heavenly order to conquer Shang had not been given, as well as the advice of Jiang Ziya to wait for the right opportunity.

Sentiment towards Di Xin is difficult to gauge. Subsequent histories were politically and culturally aligned with the conquering Zhou, and historical accounts of Di Xin grew more egregious over time. In earlier sources, he is depicted as benighted and ineffectual; whereas after a few centuries, he is described as a monstrous torturer, universally despised.

Battle
With just 45,000 men and a few hundred wagons, the Zhou were initially hugely outnumbered – even though most of the Shang forces were at war to the east, Di Xin of Shang organized some 170,000 troops. But Di Xin made a mistake: many of his fighters were slaves, and he thought that despite low troop morale, his army's superior numbers could, if not defeat, then at least slow down the rebels until reinforcements could arrive. He was wrong. The majority of his Shang troops fled or joined the Zhou, and the few who did were easily overwhelmed by the Zhou forces. After the battle, Di Xin committed suicide.

Still, many loyal Shang troops fought on, and a very bloody battle followed, depicted at the end of a poem in the Shijing: The troops of Yin-Shang, Were collected like a forest, And marshaled in the wilderness of Muh. ... The wilderness of Muh spread out extensively; Bright shone the chariots of sandal; The teams of bays, black-maned and white-bellied, galloped along; The grand-master Shang-foo, Was like an eagle on the wing, Assisting king Woo, Who at one onset smote the great Shang.

— James Legge (translation) Shijing Da ming (, "Great brightness", poem #236)

The Zhou troops were much better trained, and their morale was high. In one of the chariot charges, King Wu broke through the Shang's defense line. Di Xin was forced to flee to his palace, and the remaining Shang troops fell into further chaos. The Zhou were victorious and showed little mercy to the defeated Shang, shedding enough blood "to float a log".

Aftermath
After the battle, Di Xin burned himself to death in his palace on the Deer Terrace Pavilion. A later tradition has Di Xin covering himself with precious jades prior to immolation. King Wu killed Daji after he found her. The order to execute her was given by Jiang Ziya. Shang officials were released without charge with some later working as Zhou officials. The imperial grain store was opened immediately after the battle to feed the starving population. The battle marked the end of the Shang dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou dynasty.

Dating
Although the day and month on which the Battle of Muye was fought are certain, there is doubt about the year. Prior to the Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project, previous chronologies had proposed at least 44 different dates for this event, ranging from 1130 to 1018 BC. The most popular had been 1122 BC, calculated by the Han dynasty astronomer Liu Xin, and 1027 BC, deduced from a statement in the "old text" Bamboo Annals that the Western Zhou (whose endpoint is known to be 770 BC) had lasted 257 years.

A few documents relate astronomical observations to this event:
 * A quotation in the Book of Han from the lost Wǔchéng 武成 chapter of the Book of Documents appears to describe a lunar eclipse just before the beginning of King Wu's campaign. This date, and the date of his victory, are given as months and sexagenary days.
 * A passage in the Guoyu gives the positions of the Sun, Moon, Jupiter, and two stars on the day King Wu attacked the Shang.
 * The "current text" Bamboo Annals mentions conjunctions of all five planets occurring before and after the Zhou conquest. Han-period texts mention the first conjunction as occurring in the 32nd year of the reign of the last king. Such events are rare, but all five planets did gather on 28 May 1059 BC and again on 26 September 1019 BC.  Although the recorded positions in the sky of these two events are the reverse of what occurred, they could not have been retrospectively calculated at the time the account first appears.

The strategy adopted by the Project was to use the archeological investigation to narrow the range of dates that would need to be compared with the astronomical data. Although no archaeological traces of King Wu's campaign have been found, the pre-conquest Zhou capital at Fengxi in Shaanxi has been excavated and strata at the site have been identified with the pre-dynastic Zhou. Radiocarbon dating of samples from the site as well as at late Yinxu and early Zhou capitals, using the wiggle matching technique, yielded a date for the conquest between 1050 and 1020 BC. The only date within that range matching all the astronomical data is 20 January 1046 BC. This date had previously been proposed by David Pankenier, who had matched the above passages from the classics with the same astronomical events, but here it resulted from a thorough consideration of a broader range of evidence.

Other scholars have raised several criticisms of this process. The connection between the layers at the archaeological sites and the conquest is uncertain. The narrow range of radiocarbon dates is cited with a less stringent confidence interval (68%) than the standard requirement of 95%, which would have produced a much wider range. The texts describing the relevant astronomical phenomena are extremely obscure. For example, the inscription on the Li gui, a key text used in dating the conquest, can be interpreted in several different ways, with one alternative reading leading to the date of 9 January 1044 BC.

title: Battle of Muye


text:
NBR

NBR may refer to:

Rail

 * New Brunswick Railway, a former Canadian railway company absorbed by the Canadian Pacific Railway
 * North Bay Railway, a light-railway system for tourists in Scarborough, North Yorkshire
 * North British Railway (1844–1923), a former Scottish railway company absorbed by London and North Eastern Railway

Media

 * National Board of Review, an American film review organization
 * National Business Review, a weekly New Zealand newspaper aimed at the business sector
 * Nightly Business Report, an American business and economic television news program

Other uses

 * Nabors Industries (NYSE symbol), an oil, natural gas and geothermal drilling contractor
 * National Bison Range, a National Wildlife Refuge, Montana, United States
 * National Buildings Record (1940–1963), an archive of historic building information in England
 * National Board of Revenue is the central authority for tax administration in Bangladesh
 * National Bureau of Asian Research, an American research institution for Asia-Pacific policy
 * Nitrile butadiene rubber, an oil-resistant synthetic rubber copolymer
 * Non-blanching rash, a type of skin rash
 * Norma Brasileira, Brazilian National Standard by the Brazilian National Standards Organization

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: NBR


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shwing.com

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was to delete on the grounds of being advertising. -- ChrisO 21:41, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Shwing.com
Looks like advertising. Xcali 00:32, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I have a suprise for her too: delete as adcruft. I would be willing to bet that the logo is a copyvio as it has no source info. - Lucky13pjn 00:44, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertisement Linuxbeak | Desk 03:14, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advert Nateji77 04:40, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising. Megan1967 04:50, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advert. Jayjg (talk) 15:16, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * D ad Fawcett5 04:16, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NeoJustin 08:45, May 31 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep informative - Oneaday -- Hi,I saw mySpace.com and did not think Shwing.com would be a problem. And what do you mean about logo is copyvio? BTW, I was waiting till after exams to tell her so it wouldn't look like I was sucking up. I won't be embarrassed if it's deleted. Do what you have to do, but IMHO, independent websites should be rewarded and not punished.
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:List of PBS logos

Fifth logo
Previously, the page indicated that the fifth logo was introduced in 1993. I changed this to 1992 as I am almost entirely sure that this was when the logo was introduced. I have seen material videotaped from PBS in very early 1993, and the fifth logo was present then, prior to the middle of the year when new network identities are usually unveiled. Also, I have confirmation of children's programs containing this fifth "adult" logo before the kids logo was introduced in 1993.

Additionally, the page previously indicated that the singing voice accompanying this logo was that of Sheryl Crow. Can anyone confirm this? I decided to temporarily remove this reference, as Sheryl Crow's first album wasn't released until 1993 and I think her presence here at an earlier time would seem unlikely.--Andrew T. 06:46, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

But EVERYONE ELSE is entirely certain that it WAS indeed 1993. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.33.137.91 (talk) 00:28, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

Voiceovers
Can anyone identify who said the "This is P-B-S" voiceover in the sixth and seventh logos?--Andrew T. 06:46, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Last 3 logos
Can anyone try to put some info regarding the last 3 logos into as much detail as the earlier logos?? Georgia guy 17:46, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I have attempted to in my revision of the page. --Andrew T. 06:46, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

4.242 vandals
Are all these 4.242 vandals of this article the same person?? 66.32.132.71 21:35, 10 November 2005 (UTC)
 * From what I've seen, yes (have a look at Pumpkin pie and Circuit City). Blocking this user is difficult because his/her ip address changes each time he/she logs on. --Bruce1ee 05:54, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

PBS Kids Sprout
Anyone able to put PBS Kids Sprout idents in this article yet?? Georgia guy 02:19, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. Georgia guy 19:56, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

New thing
Recently 2 articles had their appropriate idents added to their articles, and I added a third as well (see my user contributions for which one it was, and for what the articles were, go to the image pages of the second and third idents in the list of pages that link there.) Georgia guy 01:09, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

Voiceover pattern
There appears to be a pattern in what kind of voiceover each ident has. For every even-numbered ident, the voiceover status changes:
 * 2nd and 3rd idents have no voiceover, just instrumental music.
 * 4th and 5th idents have a male voiceover saying "This is PBS."
 * 6th and 7th idents have a female voiceover saying "This is PBS."
 * 8th ident says "We are PBS."

Will this pattern continue with future idents?? Georgia guy 19:22, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

About the fifth ident...
Not to say you were totally wrong or anything, Andrew T., but I have proven that the fifth ident was first used in 1993. My evidence for this can be found here:

[]
 * Well, have you contacted the webmaster of that site, asking them to show that it is definitely 1993?? Georgia guy 18:44, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Pbs kids 93 ident that indent from 93 says this is pbs and its from hell.
 * The PBS Kids ident started in 1993; the fifth PBS ident started in 1992. Please do not confuse these. Georgia guy 13:42, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Current Ident Music
I love the current idents and the current ident music. WHo produced it, and where can I find the music? Seamus215 18:32, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Some Internet site whose URL has escaped my mind has the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th idents with their music playing. Georgia guy 18:33, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

New Idents?
I was watching PBS, and they had the eight idents, then a local WNET ident, the some new ident style with a lady listening to headphones with a subtle version of the tune. On the bottom it said "Be more Soulful" I'm not talking about the one with the lady with the headphones from the "current" look. What are your thoughts?Seamus215 01:28, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

It was like this http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFm641xHqqE but with a redder part with a women in headphones. That can also might be a new identSeamus215 00:54, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

TV-ARK site down temporarily
The site is down until late December, 2006. So I got rid of the link. --Addict 2006 18:39, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

Okay, I added it back, with a message that it is indeed down. --Addict 2006 19:29, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

Ninth Ident?
It's not even mid November! Seamus215 18:28, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

If it is the same thing as #4, it's all the more reason to renew my nightmares if I watch the channel ever again. Addict 2006 06:00, 6 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, please note that the fourth ident might still appear on reruns of old shows, but I don't think reruns of shows from 1989-1992 are common enough these days on PBS. Georgia guy 14:47, 6 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, I know that... Addict 2006 02:59, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

Alright. Everything's fine. It was probably all a hoax. There is no ninth ident. --Addict 2006 18:41, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Nick Jr. On PBS?
Is that info real, because I can barely find anything about it! --roygerdodger 03:21, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Nick Jr? PBS? Why would Nick Jr. be on PBS?!69.141.79.71 18:23, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Someone made it up. Nick Jr. shows are NOT supposed to be on PBS! (except for Bob the Builder) Nate Speed (talk) 18:48, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

But Nick Ju AU airs Sesame Street! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.91.232.226 (talk) 19:39, 12 May 2010 (UTC)

Hoaxes
There have been too many believable hoaxes, like the Nick Jr. and 9th idents. We should probably have to talk about new content that pops up, because they may well be hoaxes. --Addict 2006 02:48, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Second ident
Who else didn't think this was scary?69.141.79.71 01:41, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
 * What about the 4th one? See above. --Addict 2006 17:42, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

That one didn't scare me(I'm being honest here).69.141.79.71 18:01, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

P Pals Surprise
There was an ident that had the P pals(You know, "This is P-B-S! Woo Hoo Hoo!) saying "Surprise!" and they were laughing. Anybody remember that? It's on You Tube, but I don't know how to provide a link.69.141.79.71 18:10, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
 * One of the voices saying "Surprise!" was Big Bird. --Ryanasaurus007 02:04, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

No, wait, I just found out someone put it (and a youtube link) in the article. 69.141.79.71 18:21, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

It was me. --Addict 2006 06:00, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Which shows was it on? --Ryanasaurus007 02:04, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Hey I don't even know either. I mean, I think I remember it. I mean, they just threw it on there randomly as if people would expect the regular ident to come on... --Addict 2006 05:28, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

BooHoo?
The second ident for NET begins "In 1969 the same man, although he did the voiceover in a BooHoo voice, would say "This is N-E-T..." uh what the heck is a "BooHoo voice"? Is this for real or trollery? Herostratus 03:31, 1 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, whatever a BooHoo voice is, it's now in byte heaven. Herostratus 02:53, 24 January 2007 (UTC)
 * This may have been another hoax. See above. --Addict 2006 03:28, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Now we just need videos of each individual ones!
...of the somersaults' ident with the man/woman holding the PBS disc. I know YouTube has a whole bunch. I canNOT tell who's who though... --Going a bit crazy, Addict 2006 20:29, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I could tell who's who because I compared photos of them to the clips as I watch many of the YouTube files. Now all we need is "woman in red shirt" and "man in gold shirt"... --Ryanasaurus0077 21:09, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Look. Why aren't you listing who's who here? --Addict 2006 03:22, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Here's a list of who's who.

 * Woman in light red shirt - Jocelyne Loewen
 * Man in dark blue shirt - Jake Martin
 * Man in blue shirt - Kyle Hebert
 * Woman in red shirt - Lynne Thigpen
 * Woman in blue shirt - Michelle Ruff
 * Man in light red shirt - Chris Rock
 * Man in gold shirt - Steve Burns
 * Woman in dark red shirt - Gong Li
 * Older woman in red shirt - Lauren Bacall

--Ryanasaurus0077 21:50, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Also missing: man in light red shirt. --Addict 2006 23:25, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Who I haven't figured out yet: "woman in red shirt", "man in gold shirt", and "man in light red shirt". --Ryanasaurus0077 19:03, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Now I know for SURE I've figured it out! --Ryanasaurus0077 19:16, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Just a heads-up: This is 10-years-ago stuff. --Addict 2006 06:43, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * For all I know, the man in the gold shirt was Steve before he went bald, and many of their photos look strikingly similar to them now (I mean, it had to be before Jake Martin got his moustache). --Ryanasaurus0077 12:01, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Eighth logo "uncommon"?
It says in the last link at the bottom of the article that the current logo (2002-present) is uncommon (in availability). Why is that? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jonghyunchung (talk • contribs)

Maybe because of all the American Public Television idents or something. I don't really watch the channel. An excerpt from TeamFX2000: "Currently in use on most PBS first-run shows (exceptions: British imports and any show with the annoying “American Public Television” bumper). The variants are used randomly."

But I guess that's what the "unverifiable content" notice is for. --Addict 2006 22:20, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

9th again?!
How many hoaxes can this article take? I have added the tag on this article. Someone really should watch this channel in both regular and kids' programming blocks to catch those inconsistencies for what they are. --Addict 2006 18:25, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Well, proven to be false. PBS will never play Unsolved Mysteries or be affiliated with such companies. --Addict 2006 04:14, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

I think there really is a 9th logo
I saw it on Frontline last night, after the WGBH logo. You see three pizzazz words I forgot about on a purple background, then the words "Be more", the P-head and the "PBS" text. A voiceover says, "this is PBS". Someone should put this up as the ninth official PBS ident. Jonghyunchung 19:06, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
 * That appears to be the exact same thing as the eight ident. Georgia guy 19:16, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

That might be the 2008 logo —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.44.166.11 (talk) 17:08, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

We do not censor
I have put the first two logos back where they are -- removal of logos just because they scare someone is censorship (see WikiProject Wikipedians against censorship). Please understand this -- the next time someone removes a logo on account of scaring, they will be officially warned; if they persist, they will be blocked. Knowing what Nate Speed did in other articles, I wouldn't take stock in what he says. -- azumanga 23:32, 21 July 2007 (UTC)
 * P.S. -- See also WP:IDONTLIKEIT. -- azumanga 03:36, 22 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Call me Nate! And if you block me, I'll block you back, so there! HA! Nate Speed (talk) 21:41, 22 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Childish behavior like that is NOT welcome at Wikipedia -- you are obligated to follow regulations; no one's above the rules. -- azumanga 23:17, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

NET Idents
I have reverted the order of the first two NET idents back to where they were -- how can the globe and fire one exist from 1958 to 1968, while the house logo was introduced in 1962? Makes no sense. -- azumanga 19:18, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Are we all college students here?
Any opinion about which ident is "best known" will depend hugely on who is making the call. For the 1998-2004 one (or any national ident) to be "best-known" is unverifiable and unattributed. --NellieBly (talk) 21:52, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Uploaded some Images with proper fair use rationales.
I have noticed that the previous images of the PBS idents were deleted because they did not have fair use rationales. The images are needed, because having screenshots of the idents enhances the artice. Therefore, I have uploaded some fresh images, this time with proper fair use rationales. I also plan on cleaning up the article. Lykoped (talk) 03:41 24 May 2008 (UTC)

Could someone please clarify this?
"For the television static, fuzz screen logo identification for NET, the second logo from 1962 to 1966, the male announcer proclaimed: 'This is N-E-T, the National Educational Television network.'

This text dosen't make sense to me, and I am sure that it wouldn't make sense to people that are reading this article. Could someone please clarify this? It seems to be implying that the announcer was saying his spiel over TV static! Lykoped (talk) 01:20, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

Youtube videos and missing idents
Youtube has video compilations of the idents and the ones I give here are two of the best: In the first one, starting at 0:18 into the video, the NET ident is one of the blocks that transform into the NET letters with a thin line representing a roof appearing on top. Is this ident merely a variation of the third ident? --Sephiroth9611 (talk) 16:41, 1 March 2009 (UTC)
 * http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQIn9r7w-Ms&feature=channel_page
 * http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7ey1Sl5Wk8&feature=channel_page

The NET ident you mentioned is fake (it appears to have been created on a modern computer), but is obviously based off of the 3rd NET ident. Lykoped (talk) 22:29, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

Voiceover for 1989 - 1993 ident
The article states that Liam Neeson is the announcer for the fourth indent who says "This is P-B-S". Is anyone sure of this? I ask this because a couple fans of Neeson were complaining, saying it wasn't his voice. How can this be verified? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.120.253.54 (talk) 15:46, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I think that this page should be merged with PBS for the fact that this is a page for PBS logos. 173.89.180.19 (talk) 12:24, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

PBS Kids idents: Mistakes
Mistakes on PBS idents for "PBS Kids" section are here! (Crossed out sentences are mistakes)

Prior to September 15, 1993, PBS Kids (the current banner for PBS' children's programming) television programs used the same PBS idents seen on adult-oriented programming (or the logos of National Instructional Television). Starting that year, a new ident was commissioned specifically for children's programming.

It consists of three PBS profiles, complete with appendages, drawn as a cartoon, set on a white background. The profiles are in different colors and patterns that change throughout the ident and eventually stop on blue, orange, and green, respectively. The profiles dance and sing "This is P-B-S! Woo-hoo-hoo!,", then stop when the 1993 Ready To Learn dog walks by the lower portion of the screen and the PBS dog barks. At the same time, the third P-head adlibs and his red hat flies off of his head for a moment, then drops back on his head. The "PBS" text appears in black to the lower left to the profiles.

The music is a pop-rock tune with the profiles singing at once.

Variants
And As The Animation is Done, It Fades Out.
 * In 1996, this ident was modified: The dog gives the first profile a balloon with the E/I bug emblazoned on it. This was introduced just after the 6th PBS ident began going into use.
 * There is a variation where the camera quickly goes through a doorway on a black background and the three color-changing P-heads are seen against the white background, with confetti falling from the top, and all three P-heads yell "Surprise!" and ad-lib cheering with loud party horns heard in the background.

As Dot Runs Across the White Lines/Dash Scratches his Head, Dot/Dash Say, "Doink!" After that, The Kid Says, "PBS Kids!"

Article concerns
A number of concerns have been on this article for years. The article has survived 3 AFDs and editors participating in those discussions have pointed to numerous sources for references though that never seemed to make it to the article. Citation of sufficient references to demonstrate notability is not optional. Its got to be there. Let's take a week to update the article with good citations to 3rd party sources with good footnotes to clear up confusion on where this information comes from. As it stands all but 3 of the logos appear to be original research and the validity of the dates, descriptions and attributions is in question. After that week, anything that cant be properly cited can be removed.--RadioFan (talk) 14:12, 22 November 2009 (UTC)

Request
Do all you logo fans need this article anymore? You have this now? Why keep it?
 * Does this mean all of Wikipedia should be deleted?? Almost everything on Wikipedia can be found somewhere else online. Georgia guy (talk) 23:48, 30 October 2011 (UTC)
 * No. Five or six years ago, when this page was nominated for deletion, someone mentioned that its content was more worthy of a fan site than an encyclopedia. Now these logo watchers have their own fan site. The main contributors of the page run it. Is there still a need for this page? Freshh (talk) 02:18, 31 October 2011 (UTC)

But there is still a very good keep consensus. I really don't see why there isn't a need really. Also, there's a similar article for BBC Apple  Jack 7  11:01, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Afd template
I would like to know if there's any use for this talk page to have a template saying something like "Please do not add this article to Afd again unless..." Georgia guy (talk) 15:57, 8 October 2012 (UTC) Response to Georgia guy, a template might actually do well here. This article has had several nominations with weak rationale. They just seem to now want it here. should be good defense against IDONTLIKEIT.-- Apple  Jack 7   01:31, 6 November 2012 (UTC)
 * I consolidated all 6 of the past AfD notices into one template at the top of this page.--Arxiloxos (talk) 16:49, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

Sixth logo image
Anyone able to upload a few images for the sixth logo?? To avoid confusion with the third logo, please upload some images for what it looked like in the middle of the period of the logo and its announcement, rather than at the end. Georgia guy (talk) 22:30, 19 July 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of PBS logos


text:
Talk:La Gasolina

It's Gasolina, isn't it? --Revolución (talk) 00:21, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Yes, it is

title: Talk:La Gasolina


text: User talk:71.108.130.127

title: User talk:71.108.130.127


text:
Dante Basco

Dante Roman Basco (born August 29, 1975) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Rufio, the leader of the Lost Boys in Steven Spielberg's Hook, Dolph in the cult film But I'm a Cheerleader, the lead character Ben Mercado in the hit indie film The Debut, and for voicing the titular protagonist of American Dragon: Jake Long and Prince Zuko in Avatar: The Last Airbender.

His voice acting roles include Zuko's grandson General Iroh II in The Legend of Korra, Quoc Wong in The Proud Family, Jingmei in The Boondocks, Tuck in Generator Rex, Scorpion in Ultimate Spider-Man, and Jai Kell in Star Wars Rebels.

Early life
Basco was born in Pittsburg, California, and raised in Cerritos and Paramount, California to Filipino parents. He has four siblings, including actor Dion Basco. In the mid-1980s, he and his brothers formed a breakdancing crew and worked as street performers. He attended Orange County High School of the Arts in the Music and Theatre Conservatory and graduated in 1993.

In 1998, Basco co-founded the Da Poetry Lounge, a slam and spoken poetry venue in Hollywood.

Career
He began his acting career with minor television roles. His breakthrough performance was when he appeared as the leader Rufio of the Lost Boys in Steven Spielberg's 1991 film Hook with Robin Williams and Dustin Hoffman.

In 2017, Basco produced a Kickstarter-funded short film, Bangarang, about the character Rufio. The film was directed by Jonah Feingold.

Basco streams gameplay on Twitch.

Basco released his memoir From Rufio to Zuko through the independent publisher Not a Cult.

Avatar: Braving the Elements, an official Nickelodeon companion podcast to Avatar: The Last Airbender, premiered on June 22, 2021. Basco and Janet Varney (voice of Korra) host the podcast, which follows them as they rewatch the series, discuss each episode's key moments and behind-the scenes information, and feature special guests.

Voice acting
Basco has done voice acting for many animated productions, including Zuko in Avatar: The Last Airbender, Jai Kell in Star Wars Rebels and Jake Long in American Dragon: Jake Long. He also voice acted Kwok Wong in The Proud Family, and Master Cheddar in S4 E22 of We Bear Bears titled Baby Orphan Ninja Bears. He voiced Matt Martin/Kewl Breeze in the short-lived animated series Zevo-3, and voiced General Iroh, Zuko's grandson, in ''The Legend of Korra. ''

He contributed additional voices for Aion, Mortal Kombat X, and Saints Row. He also voiced Shingo in the Skate series and Seeing Farther in the Call of Juarez series.

Personal life
On April 19, 2023, Basco became engaged to Uyghur actress and television host Alice Rehemutula. They married in September 2023 in China. In May 2024, Rehemutula announced her pregnancy with their first child.

Awards

 * Young Artist Award – Hook
 * Won – Best Ensemble Cast
 * Nominated – Best Young Actor

title: Dante Basco


text:
Talk:Quirkafleeg

The history is actually much more rich and interesting than suggested by the terse article above. I will add more details as time permits.--Dan|(talk) 00:34, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Quirkafleeg


text:
Talk:Orthodox Study Bible

Release Date?
This article says the complete OSB was released in February, but Amazon.com lists the publication date as "Thomas Nelson (June 17, 2008)" (both for the Leather and Hardcover editions, there isn't yet a softcover available). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.59.228.204 (talk) 17:50, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

 * It was released in February, but there were some typos that resulted in a delay in printing that resulted in Amazon not shipping any copies until June. Frjohnwhiteford (talk) 11:11, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

Contents
Does anyone know what the canon of this bible will be? My understanding is that differing versions of Septuagint have different contents. --The One True Fred 08:10, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

I believe the canon is based on the 7th Ecumenical Council of AD 787. In the 17th Century, due to the influence of the Protestant Reformation, there was a movement in the Greek Orthodox Church to restrict the Old Testament to the Jewish Canon. An important leader in this movement was the Patriarch of Constantinople, Cyril Lucar, who was educated in Anglican England. Though this movemnt persists today, most Orthodox embrace the traditional larger canon.Ernest Miller (talk) 03:26, 27 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Apparently it's the Greek Orthodox Canon... all the books of the Protestant Bible + the Catholic Deuterocanon + 1 Esdras, Psalm 151, Prayer of Manasseh and 3 Maccabees. 4 Maccabees is normally relegated to an Appendix (like their own "apocrypha") and was left out this time. I don't yet have a copy, that's what I gathered from reviews on Amazon.com. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.59.228.204 (talk) 17:48, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

NKJV
Does this study Bible utilize the New King James Version of the Bible, or is it an entirely new translation? KHM03 00:35, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Some of both. --Preost 03:18, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * It uses the NKJV as a starting point, but makes alterations to any text that deviates from the Septuagint. So essentially, it's an English translation of the Septuagint, but with the style of the NKJV.  --cholmes75 (chit chat) 01:23, 9 June 2006 (UTC)
 * The 2008 Orthodox Study Bible uses the 1984 New King James Version for the New Testament ,except at Luke 20:42 and Matthew 22:44, "LORD said.." is translated as, "Lord said..". This is different. All capital letters for "Lord" indicates the Covenant Name of God. Maybe parts of it are from the 1979 New King James Version New Testament or the 1980 New King James Version New Testament and Psalms. 2600:1011:B15D:BB7B:D51:C53A:AC74:F00A (talk) 22:51, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Correction: issue stated above is ONLY at Luke 20:42. 2600:1011:B125:71E2:D017:B901:34F4:6FD (talk) 22:06, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

Title of Article
The name of the book is "Orthodox Study Bible" yet this article has recently been moved from the namespace Orthodox Study Bible to the namespace Orthodox Study Bible (Eastern Orthodox). As the book has the three word title and there is no other book by that same title, should or shouldn't it be moved back? Generally, unless there are compelling reasons (e.g., more than one book of the same name), Wikipedia articles about a book generally use the exact book title. --Aquarius Rising 00:16, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Proverbs 11 Error
Think there is an error in Proverbs 11: 30 versus instead of 31. --N Jordan (talk) 07:07, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

Matthew 27:9-10
The Old Testament reference in Matthew 27:9-10 is a standard problem. No Old Testament text matches these two verses. Usually a text from Zechariah is referenced, but the NKJV references Jeremiah 32:6-9 -- in the Masoretic Text. The Septuagint Jeremish is rather different, and the corresponding text in the Septuagint is in chapter 39. The OSB preserves the NKJV footnote, with nothing to indicate that in this Bible Jeremiah has this text in another place.Ernest Miller (talk) 03:03, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Orthodox Study Bible


text:
Talk:Stupid (disambiguation)

Untitled
איתן לואין הוא היה הבן אדם הכי שמן בעולם משקלו היה 327

Untitled
If Wikipedia is not a dictionary, is it really necessary to mention the definition of the word in this article?? Georgia guy 00:37, 29 May 2005 (UTC) This is a disambiguation page. It allows people to make sure they go to the page they want to. It's completely necessary.--99.224.26.113 (talk) 19:45, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I doubt that it is necessary. Nobody needs the definition to get to a topic they have in mind. When someone wants the definition they will look it up in the dictionary and only look here for more information if they want it and the definition doesn't add more. If anywhere it belongs in wiktionary. 83.138.172.79 (talk) 20:52, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

History
Looked on the history of this page and it's hilarious, people just add other people to this page, I'd never do such a thing. It's a good thing this page is protected. 87.254.67.181 (talk) 16:22, 7 June 2012 (UTC)

Justin... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.216.166.186 (talk) 05:46, 22 October 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 14 April 2013
defintion of stupid Fayez

Slimkiller2324 (talk) 01:35, 14 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please make your request in a "change X to Y" format. – 29611670.x (talk) 03:57, 14 April 2013 (UTC)

Requested move 30 August 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved. Clear consensus that stupidity is the primary topic. Jenks24 (talk) 03:50, 8 September 2015 (UTC)

Stupid → Stupid (disambiguation) – Redirect Stupid to Stupidity per WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT. Steel1943 (talk) 16:32, 30 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Support per nomination. — the Man in Question (in question)  23:05, 30 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Oppose without evidence per WP:NOTDICT. —  AjaxSmack   03:00, 31 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Then your best option I would recommend would be to nominate Stupidity for WP:AFD. Historically, the word "stupid" has the strongest association with the subject in Stupidity. I would have thought that statement was implied in my nomination. Steel1943  (talk) 03:11, 31 August 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm not concerned with the stupidity article here (although it is a bit weak) and I'm not a historian. I just see no evidence that the vast majority of readers of an encyclopedia (not a dictionary) when searching for "stupid" would want to read the stupidity article and not one of the other articles listed on the DAB page.  —  AjaxSmack   03:51, 31 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Support WP:ADJECTIVE adjectives are written as articles at the noun-form name, and therefore frequently redirect that way.. The primary topic of stupid is stupid-the adjective, therefore it should redirect to stupidity. -- 67.70.32.190 (talk) 05:26, 31 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Support as 67.70 says In ictu oculi (talk) 20:08, 31 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Support as per the IP - "Stupid" is far far more known as Stupidity than anything else. – Davey 2010 Talk 22:00, 1 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. Clear primary topic. -- Necrothesp (talk) 15:51, 2 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. Clear primary topic of the term. bd2412  T 14:42, 4 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Support. Stupid refers to stupidity.  Clear PrimaryTopic.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 01:48, 7 September 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Stupid (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:List of Saint Tail characters

Multi-language
I question the need to have the "Character dub names" listed for languages besides English. This is the English Wikipedia, and I think continually adding information for other languages defeats the purpose of having multiple language versions of Wikipedia. I think all of these others should go on the respective language versions of this page. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjo e  03:54, 17 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I can't think of a need to list dub names other than when the names themselves give weight to the article. I can think of an instance where noting names in other languages is applicable. On List of characters from Ojamajo Doremi the Italian names are mentioned. Each of the girls' names in Italian are also musical terms and music is an important attribute of that series. --Squilibob 04:37, 17 June 2006 (UTC)
 * List the Italian names under a trivia heading on the main article. We talk about the Japanese names because this is a work from Japan, and the English dub names because this is the English wikipedia. This... is just insane... it makes my head hurt.. I removed it.. the voices don't stop.. -- Ned Scott 05:25, 17 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I forgot to notice before you removed it, but if there were any characters listed in the table that were not on the page, I think we should still list them on this page (just not with 10 different language formats). ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjo e  20:26, 18 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm the one who put most of it on the page. I have no problem with it being removed. --Lesoria 04:21, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

Page move to "Characters in Saint Tail"?
I've been reading the anime/manga project's article assessment section, and it says "Name this page List of characters in (series) if it is just a list, or Characters in (series) if it contains actual information on the characters." Anyone against me moving List of characters in Saint Tail to Characters in Saint Tail to comply? --Lesoria 04:42, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Saint Tail characters


text:
Kitos War

The Kitos War (115–117; מרד הגלויות, or מרד התפוצות mered ha-tfutzot; "rebellion of the diaspora" Tumultus Iudaicus) was one of the major Jewish–Roman wars (66–136). The rebellions erupted in 115 when most of the Roman armies were fighting Trajan's Parthian War on the eastern border of the Roman Empire. Major uprisings by Jews in Cyrenaica, Cyprus and Egypt spiralled out of control, resulting in a widespread slaughter of the remaining Roman garrisons and Roman citizens by Jewish rebels.

The Jewish rebellions were finally crushed by the Roman legions, chiefly by the Roman general Lusius Quietus, whose nomen later gave the conflict its title, as Kitos is a later corruption of Quietus. Some localities were so utterly annihilated by the revolting diaspora that Romans moved in to settle the areas to prevent their complete depopulation. The Jewish leader, Lukuas, fled to Judea. Marcius Turbo pursued him and sentenced to death the brothers Julian and Pappus, who had been key leaders in the rebellion.

Lusius Quietus, the conqueror of the Jews of Mesopotamia, was now in command of the Roman army in Judea and laid siege to Lydda, where the rebel Jews had gathered under the leadership of Julian and Pappus. Lydda was next taken, and many of the rebellious Jews were executed. The "slain of Lydda" are often mentioned in words of reverential praise in the Talmud. The rebel leaders Pappus and Julian were among those who the Romans executed that year.

The situation in Judea remained tense for the Romans, who were obliged under Hadrian to move the Legio VI Ferrata permanently into Caesarea Maritima in Judea.

Background
Tension between the Jewish population of the Roman Empire and the Greek and Roman populations mounted over the course of the 1st century CE, gradually escalating with various violent events, mainly throughout Judea (Iudaea), where parts of the Judean population occasionally erupted into violent insurrections against the Roman Empire. Several incidents also occurred in other parts of the Empire, most notably the Alexandria pogroms, targeting the large Jewish community of Alexandria in the province of Egypt. However, with the exception of Alexandria, the Jewish diaspora fared well throughout the Roman Empire and relied on the Roman state to maintain their rights.

The escalation of tensions finally erupted as the First Jewish–Roman War, which began in the year 66 CE. Initial hostilities were due to Greek and Jewish religious tensions but later escalated due to anti-taxation protests and attacks upon Roman citizens. The Roman military garrison of Judea was quickly overrun by rebels and the pro-Roman king Herod Agrippa II fled Jerusalem, together with Roman officials, to Galilee. Cestius Gallus, the legate of Syria, brought the Syrian army, based on XII Fulminata, reinforced by auxiliary troops, to restore order and quell the revolt. The legion, however, was ambushed and defeated by Jewish rebels at the Battle of Beth Horon, a result that shocked the Roman leadership.

The suppression of the revolt was then handed to General Vespasian and his son Titus, who assembled four legions and began advancing through the country, starting with Galilee, in the year 67 CE. The revolt ended when legions under Titus besieged and destroyed the center of rebel resistance in Jerusalem in the year 70 CE and defeated the remaining Jewish strongholds later on.

Revolt and warfare
In 115, Emperor Trajan was in command of the eastern campaign against the Parthian Empire. The Roman invasion had been prompted by the imposition of a pro-Parthian king in the Kingdom of Armenia after the Parthians invaded it. That encroachment on the traditional sphere of influence of the Roman Empire (both empires had shared hegemony over Armenia since the time of Nero some 50 years earlier) necessarily led to war.

As Trajan's army advanced victoriously through Mesopotamia, Jewish rebels in its rear began attacking the small garrisons left behind. A revolt in far-off Cyrenaica soon spread to Egypt and then Cyprus and incited revolt in Judea. A widespread uprising, centred on Lydda, threatened grain supplies from Egypt to the front. The Jewish insurrection swiftly spread to the recently conquered provinces. Cities with substantial Jewish populations, Nisibis, Edessa, Seleucia and Arbela (now Erbil, Iraq) joined the rebellion and slaughtered their small Roman garrisons.

Cyrenaica
In Cyrenaica, the rebels were led by Lukuas or Andreas, who called himself "king", according to Eusebius of Caesarea. His group destroyed many temples, including those to Hecate, Jupiter, Apollo, Artemis and Isis, as well as the civil structures that were symbols of Rome, including the Caesareum, the basilica and the public baths.

The 4th-century Christian historian Orosius records that the violence so depopulated the province of Cyrenaica that new colonies had to be established by Hadrian: "The Jews... waged war on the inhabitants throughout Libya in the most savage fashion, and to such an extent was the country wasted that, its cultivators having been slain, its land would have remained utterly depopulated, had not Emperor Hadrian gathered settlers from other places and sent them thither, for the inhabitants had been wiped out."

Dio Cassius states of Jewish insurrectionaries: "Meanwhile the Jews in the region of Cyrene had put one Andreas at their head and were destroying both the Romans and the Greeks. They would cook their flesh, make belts for themselves of their entrails, anoint themselves with their blood, and wear their skins for clothing. Others they would give to wild beasts and force still others to fight as gladiators. In all, consequently, two hundred and twenty thousand perished. In Egypt, they also performed many similar deeds, and in Cyprus under the leadership of Artemio. There, likewise, two hundred and forty thousand perished. For this reason, no Jew may set foot in that land, but even if one of them is driven upon the island by the force of the wind, he is put to death. Various persons took part in subduing these Jews, one being Lusius, who was sent by Trajan."

The original 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia stated on the Cyrene massacres: "By this outbreak Libya was depopulated to such an extent that a few years later new colonies had to be established there (Eusebius, 'Chronicle' from the Armenian, fourteenth year of Hadrian). Bishop Synesius, a native of Cyrene in the early 5th century, said of the devastations wrought by the Jews ('Do Regno,' p. 2)."

The Jewish Encyclopedia acknowledged Dio Cassius's importance as a source but believed that his accounts of the actions at Cyrene and on Cyprus may have been embellished: "For an account of the Jewish war under Trajan and Hadrian Dion is the most important source (lxviii. 32, lxix. 12–14), though his descriptions of the cruelties perpetrated by the Jews at Cyrene and on the island of Cyprus are probably exaggerated."

The physical destruction of Cyrene, however, was significant enough that Hadrian had to completely rebuild the city at the beginning of his reign according to archaeological findings.

After the war ended, laws were placed ordering the exile of Jews from Cyrene, which Renzo De Felice said "reduced the [Jewish] community of Cyrene to insignificance and set it on the road to an inevitable decline." According to De Felice many of the Jews expelled joined Berber tribes, particularly those around modern-day Sirte.

Egypt
Lukuas led the rebels toward Alexandria. He entered the city, which had been abandoned by Roman Governor Marcus Rutilius Lupus, and set fire to it. The Egyptian temples and the tomb of Pompey were destroyed. Jewish rebels reportedly also prevailed in a battle at Hermopolis in 116, as indicated in a papyrus.

Trajan sent new troops under the praefectus praetorio Marcius Turbo, but Egypt and Cyrenaica were pacified only in the autumn of 117.

Cyprus
In Cyprus a Jewish band, led by Artemion, took control of the island and killed tens of thousands of Cypriot Greek civilians. The Cypriot Jews participated in the great uprising against the Romans under Trajan in 117 and massacred, according to Dio, 240,000 Greeks. A Roman army was dispatched to the island and soon reconquered the capital. After the revolt had been fully defeated, laws were created that forbade any Jews from living on the island. This law extended to the point where Jewish shipwreck survivors would be punished for trying to seek safety on Cypriot shores.

Mesopotamia
A new revolt sprang up in Mesopotamia while Trajan was in the Persian Gulf. Trajan reconquered Nisibis (Nusaybin in Turkey), Edessa, the capital of Osroene, and Seleucia (Iraq), each of which housed large Jewish communities.

A pro-Roman son of the Parthian king Osroes I, Parthamaspatas, had been brought on the expedition as part of the emperor's entourage. Trajan had him crowned in Ctesiphon as king of the Parthians. Cassius Dio described the event: "Trajan, fearing that the Parthians, too, might begin a revolt, desired to give them a king of their own. Accordingly, when he came to Ctesiphon, he called together in a great plain all the Romans and likewise all the Parthians that were there at the time; then he mounted a lofty platform, and after describing in grandiloquent language what he had accomplished, he appointed Parthamaspates king over the Parthians and set the diadem upon his head". Then, Trajan moved north to take personal command of the ongoing siege of Hatra.

The siege continued throughout the summer of 117, but the years of constant campaigning in the baking eastern heat had taken their toll on Trajan, who suffered a heatstroke. He decided to begin the long journey back to Rome in order to recover. Sailing from Seleucia, the emperor's health deteriorated rapidly. He was taken ashore at Selinus in Cilicia, where he died, and his successor, Hadrian, assumed the reins of government shortly thereafter.

Judea
The Jewish leader, Lukuas, fled to Judea. Marcius Turbo pursued him and sentenced to death the brothers Julian and Pappus, who had been key leaders in the rebellion. Lusius Quietus, the conqueror of the Jews of Mesopotamia, was now in command of the Roman army in Judea and laid siege to Lydda, where the rebel Jews had gathered under the leadership of Julian and Pappus. The distress became so great that the patriarch Rabban Gamaliel II, who was shut up there and died soon afterwards, permitted fasting even on Ḥanukkah. Other rabbis condemned that measure.

Lydda was then taken, and many of the rebellious Jews were executed; the "slain of Lydda" are often mentioned in words of reverential praise in the Talmud. The rebel leaders Pappus and Julian were among those executed by the Romans that year, and became martyrs among the Jews.

Lusius Quietus, whom Trajan had held in high regard and who had served Rome so well, was quietly stripped of his command once Hadrian had secured the imperial title. He was murdered in unknown circumstances in the summer of 118, possibly by the orders of Hadrian.

Hadrian took the unpopular decision to end the war, abandon many of Trajan's eastern conquests and stabilise the eastern borders. Although he abandoned the province of Mesopotamia, he installed Parthamaspates, who had been ejected from Ctesiphon by the returning Osroes, as king of a restored Osroene. For a century, Osroene would retain a precarious independence as a buffer state between both empires.

The situation in Judea remained tense for the Romans, who were obliged under Hadrian to move the Legio VI Ferrata permanently into Caesarea Maritima, in Judea.

Aftermath
Further developments occurred in Judea Province in 130, when Hadrian visited the Eastern Mediterranean and, according to Cassius Dio, made the decision to rebuild the ruined city of Jerusalem as the Roman colony of Aelia Capitolina, derived from his own name. That decision, together with Hadrian's other sanctions against the Jews, was allegedly one of the reasons for the eruption of the 132 Bar Kokhba revolt, an extremely violent uprising that stretched Roman military resources to the limit. The rebellion ended with an unprecedented onslaught of the Judean population and a ban upon the Jewish practices, which was lifted only in 138, upon Hadrian's death.

title: Kitos War


text:
Nan Kempner

Nan Kempner (July 24, 1930 – July 3, 2005) was a New York City socialite, reputed for her fashion sense and her philanthropy.

Biography
Born Nan Field Schlesinger in San Francisco, Kempner was the only child in a wealthy family. Her father, Albert "Speed" Schlesinger, who owned the largest car dealership in California, reportedly told his daughter, "You'll never make it on your face, so you'd better be interesting." Kempner started collecting couture clothing when she was a young woman living in San Francisco.

Kempner attended Connecticut College, where she met Thomas Lenox Kempner, a banker and son of publisher Alan H. Kempner as well as grandson of Carl M. Loeb. They married in the early 1950s and had three children. After living in London for a short time, the Kempners moved to New York City, where Nan became a leader in high society.

Kempner, who missed only one runway season in 55 years, was widely considered among the most highly informed authorities in fashion. Over the course of her life, she owned one of the foremost private couture collections in the country, featuring classic designers such as Mainbocher and her favorite designers Yves Saint Laurent and Bill Blass. Her collection preserved some of the iconic outfits of mid-20th century couture. At various times in her life Kempner worked as a contributing editor for French Vogue, a fashion editor for Harper's Bazaar, a design consultant for Tiffany & Co., and an international representative of the auction house Christie's.

Charity Work
Over 30 years, she helped raise more than $75,000,000 for the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. The proceeds for her 2000 book, R.S.V.P, about good hostess etiquette, were donated to charity.

In Popular Culture

 * In 1973, she was painted by Andy Warhol.
 * In Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City, two society matrons discuss the creation of a society wax museum, concerned that future generations might not otherwise know what Nan Kempner looked like.

Characterizations

 * Diana Vreeland, former editor of Vogue: "There are no chic women in America. The one exception is Nan Kempner."
 * Valentino said, "Nan always looks so wonderful in my clothes, because she had a body like a hanger."
 * Joan Juliet Buck wrote in W that in the 1960s, at a time when women in pants were challenging social mores, Kempner defied the dress code at La Côte Basque, which declined to seat women wearing pants, by removing her trousers.
 * A thin elegant blonde, Kempner was said to be the inspiration for the term “social X-ray” in Tom Wolfe's novel Bonfire of the Vanities.

Death and legacy
Kempner died on July 3, 2005, aged 74, from emphysema. She was survived by her husband and three children: Lina Kempner, Thomas Kempner Jr., and James Kempner. Two months later, her family held a memorial service in her honor at the auction house Christie's. Five hundred of her friends were in attendance. Her granddaughter Meggie by son James is a founder of DeuxMoi.

In December 2006, the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute exhibited selections from Kempner's couture collection. In 2007, the exhibition was displayed at San Francisco's De Young Museum from June 16 to November 11. Much of the collection went to the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, including items by Valentino, Yves Saint Laurent, Karl Lagerfeld for Chanel, and the house of Christian Dior.

title: Nan Kempner


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Julian Polzin

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Eugene van der Pijll 19:54, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Julian Polzin
I say delete the article. This is the sort of thing that is not informative and is self serving. Unsigned comment by 135.214.66.241

I second that notion, I went to summer camp one time; who cares? Unsigned commment by 135.214.66.240

Listed by 135.214.66.241 but apparently never completed the process. Doesn't seem particularly notable, but I may be wrong. Leithp 23:05, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. The information is verifiable  - he is mentioned on several different web sites as the founder of the various improv troops cited in the article.  I would say that within the niche of British Columbia improv, he is definitely notable.  Whether that extends outside his geographic area is another question that wasn't readily answered in searching on the internet. DS1953 04:44, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 05:43, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - While the topic may not have broad interest, it is vaild in the context of improv comedy. The entry is encyclopedic. Epolk 16:54, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User:Phychem

About Me
Resides in: Toronto, Ontario, Canada(Previously); Hong Kong (current) Studies: M.Sc. Computer Science @ HKU; Computer Science: Software Engineering Option @ University of Toronto (St. George)(Completed June 2006) NEXT DESTINATION: Hokkaido

Asia
China: Hong Kong(HKG), Shenzhen, Shanghai(SHA), Beijing(PEK), Xian(XIY), Hangzhou, Macau Japan: Tokyo(NRT), Yokohama, Osaka(KIX), Nara, Kobe, Kyoto, Ikeda, Arima, Nagasaki(NGS), Fukuoka Singapore: Singapore(SIN) Malasya: Kuala Lumpur(KUL) Taiwan: Taipei(TPE)

Canada
British Columbia: Vancouver(YVR) Ontario: Toronto(YYZ), Ottawa, Kingston, Windsor Quebec: Hull, Montreal, Quebec City

Central America
Cuba: Varadero(VRA), Havana

Europe
Austria: Innsbruck, Vienna Czech Republic: Karlovy Vary, Prague England: London(LHW), Sailsbury, Bath, Greenwich France: Paris(CDG), Nice, Monte Carlo Germany: Berlin(TXL), Dresden, Frankfurt(FRA), Heidenburg, Potsdam Hungary: Budapest Italy: Florence, Pandova, Pisa, Rome, Venice, Verona Poland: Krakow, Warsaw (WAW) Switzerland: Luzern Vatican City

United States
California: San Francisco(SFO) Florida: Cape Canveral, Orlando(MCO) Illinois: Chicago Maryland: Baltimore Massachusetts: Boston Michigan: Detroit Nevada: Las Vegas(LAS) New Jersey: Atlantic City New York: New York Pennsylvania: Philadelphia Washington D.C.

title: User:Phychem


text:
Sautee Nacoochee, Georgia

Sautee Nacoochee (or Sautee-Nacoochee) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in White County, Georgia, United States, near Sautee Creek in the Appalachian foothills of northeast Georgia, approximately 95 mi north of Atlanta. The nearest incorporated town is the tourist destination of Helen.

Geography
Sautee Nacoochee is located at longitude −83.68094, latitude 34.67994.

Origin of names
The meaning of Sautee Nacoochee's name, which combines two place names of Native American origin, is uncertain. James Mooney believed "Sautee" to be an anglicized version of a Cherokee placename Itsati that was used to describe several Cherokee places including Echota, Chota, and Chote. Itsati is a significant placename for the Cherokee as it was the name of their ancient capital, an important "peace town" and it is the name that was used for their new capital, established in the 19th century, New Echota. A 1734 land grant between Great Britain and the Cherokee lists Nacoochee or Nagutsi as a Cherokee town. The meaning of this placename is unknown, and James Mooney thought it might have some connection with the Yuchi.

A state historic marker states that the location was visited by Hernando de Soto in 1540 AD. However, a study of the route taken by De Soto by a team of Southeastern university professors in the 1980s placed his route far to the north.

Nearby Yonah Mountain is the site of a folktale where a beautiful Cherokee maiden named Nacoochee fell in love with the Chickasaw warrior Sautee. When their love was forbidden by the tribal elders, a war party followed the eloping lovers and threw Sautee off the mountain, with Nacoochee then jumping to her death, a Lover's Leap. This "Lover's Leap" story is identical to the story in Lookout Mountain's Rock City attraction. Although he did not invent the legend, George Williams, the son of one of the original white settlers, popularized it in his 1871 Sketches of Travel in the Old and New World.

Sautee Valley Historic District

The Sautee Valley Historic District (adjacent to the Nacoochee Valley Historic District) is a historic district centered on the community of Sautee Nacoochee. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 and has agricultural, architectural, and historic significance. The district includes the location of pre-historic villages and more recent buildings and structures from after American settlers came to the area. Spanish explorers sought gold in this valley, as did settlers who were seeking their fortune in the Georgia Gold Rush. The center point of the Sautee Valley Historic District is the intersection of Georgia State Route 255 and Lynch Mountain Road.

Sautee Nacoochee Center
Sautee Nacoochee is most noted for the Sautee Nacoochee Center, a cultural and community center housed in the restored Nacoochee schoolhouse. The center was founded by the Sautee-Nacoochee Community Association (SNCA), which was also responsible for getting both Sautee and Nacoochee Valleys placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In September 2006, the Folk Pottery Museum of Northeast Georgia opened on the grounds of the Sautee Nacoochee Center. The Pottery Museum's new facility, designed by Atlanta architect Robert M. Cain, features a 3200 sqft main exhibit floor that houses more than 150 vessels on permanent display and has space for additional temporary exhibits.

The numerous cultural programs at the Sautee Nacoochee Center led to Sautee Nacoochee being designated as one of "The 100 Best Small Arts Towns in America" in a book by the same name written by John Villani.

Demographics
Sautee Nacoochee first appeared as a census designated place in the 2010 United States Census.

Nearby towns

 * Helen, Georgia
 * Cleveland, Georgia

Resources

 * 2005 In the Shadow of Yonah: A History of White County, Georgia. Garrison Baker, Brasstown Creek Publications, Cleveland, GA.
 * c1922 Mrs J. E. Wickle, Clarksville, Georgia "A History of the Early Settlers of Nacoochee Valley March 10, 1822" in "Habersham County, Geoegia History" at Georgia Genealogy Trails, presented by the Georgia Genealogy Trails Group.

title: Sautee Nacoochee, Georgia


text:
Talk:Dark Water (2002 film)

Comments
I've restored the full plot detail removed by another editor with the justification that it would spoil the end for those viewing the 2005 remake. This article does not exist to serve as a promotion for the as-yet-unreleased 2005 remake, therefore it is inappropriate to remove critical plot details. Those who do not wish to have the ending spoilt should take heed of the prominently displayed plot spoiler warning, as with any of our other film and literature articles. --Centauri 00:41, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * No, it does not, but while that is not the case, I have yet to see a single article using a SPOILER warning where the entire plot of the film was given away. I honestly think it would be best for the section to be removed at least until the release of the movie.--Mitsukai 01:58, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Names?
The entire plot description is given using names like "the woman" and "the child". Do these characters not have names? If so, I think this should be noted somewhere. Otherwise, it would be nice if names were added to the description. 67.166.242.232 01:34, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Cast
I used the cast information from IMDB, let me know if it's not a reliable source. Nidamaya (talk) 20:22, 3 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dark Water (2002 film)


text:
NFL Blitz

NFL Blitz is a series of American football themed video games originally released by Midway featuring National Football League (NFL) teams. It began as a 1997 arcade game NFL Blitz that was ported to home consoles and spawned a series of sequels. Rather than being designed as a realistic interpretation of the sport of football, like Madden NFL or NFL 2K, the Blitz series was created as an over-the-top, exaggerated version of the sport, inspired by Midway's own NBA Jam basketball games.

In 2005, after losing the NFL license, Midway relaunched the Blitz series as Blitz: The League, depicting fictional players and teams in a fictional league with slightly more realistic (though still exaggerated) on-field play and a focus on the seedy behind-the-scenes lives of the players.

Following the dissolution of Midway, EA Sports acquired the rights to the Blitz name and relaunched the series on PlayStation Network and Xbox Live with a new entry in the series simply titled NFL Blitz. The game took the series back to the original style of Blitz, but removed the late hits due to input by the NFL.

Gameplay
The Blitz titles largely follow standard American football rules as outlined by the NFL, but with key differences to encourage faster and more aggressive play. In the original games, seven players are on the field per side (as opposed to eleven). Not only were there fewer players, but positions were flexible at best. Wide receivers could be known to run the ball and sometimes pass, and defensive players were all crosses between pass rushers and defensive backs. 2002 saw an increase to eight players and NFL Blitz Pro (released in 2003) increased to the full eleven.

Unlike the NFL, pass interference is allowed, as are late hits, showboating and excessive celebrations. There are no timeouts, but the clock stops after every play. Extra point attempts are claimed to be automatic, but there are rare misses. Field goals and Two-point conversions are played out as usual. Quarters have been shortened to two minutes (default setting) with a faster running timer than real time; this includes overtime, which isn't sudden death. For most releases, a first down would mean players would have to go 30 yards, instead of ten. Plays such as "Da Bomb" allowed for a quarterback to accurately throw the ball most of the length of the field at will and receivers could make impossible catches. On the other side, defensive players were able to leap up and swat (if not intercept) balls no other game could allow for or dive incredible lengths to make a stop.

From the beginning, one of the key changes in Blitz was the animations. Where other games had to keep normal tackling and stops, Blitz players were able to stop a play in a variety of unique ways. One of the most common was for a defensive player to grab his opponent and spin him around and fling him to the ground, sometimes giving them extra yards in the process. This violent and theatrical style allows the players to execute textbook professional wrestling moves such as the German suplex, elbow drop, and leg drop even after a tackle has been completed and the whistle blown. In addition, the team with the lead often receives kick-offs deeper in its own territory and are more likely to fumble or throw interceptions to help level the gameplay and encourage closer games.

The NFL, however, made Midway tame most of the more violent or insane aspects of the game as the license progressed. Subsequent releases stripped down "excessive celebrations" and late hits until the game was almost one of the sims to which it was originally opposed. However, the game still retained its over-the-top aspects including censored profanity done in a comical manner. Raiden and Shinnok, characters from the Mortal Kombat series, a series also developed by Midway, were unlockable characters in some versions.

Development
The game was created by Midway Games and headed by lead artist, Sal DiVita and lead programmer, Mark Turmell.

The NFL paid little attention to the game's development until just before the launch. Upon watching a preview scrimmage by Turmell and DiVita, league representatives said they could not have the NFL associated with the game as it was then programmed. They said there was too much violence in the game and offered to refund Midway's license fee. Midway was eager to keep the NFL's endorsement of the game, so they compromised on some of the graphic violence and "late hits" in the game.

Games
Beginning in 1997, Midway released a new entry in the series each year. However, after the commercial failure of the more simulation-oriented Blitz Pro, Midway did not release a Blitz in 2004 for the first time since the series began.

After losing the NFL license to Electronic Arts, Midway brought back the original Blitz style play with 2005's Blitz: The League. The celebrations and the violent aspects returned and were ramped up to levels that the NFL never allowed. In place of real NFL teams are fictional teams such as the New York Nightmare and the Minnesota Reapers. Although no current NFL players were featured, retired players Lawrence Taylor and Bill Romanowski were hired to lend their voices to and help promote the game. The game contains a significant amount of explicit content not seen in other entries of the series, such as the use of anabolic steroids and "juicing" injured players with what seems to be the equivalent of a cortisone shot. Blitz: The League also introduced an extensive story mode created with the help of one of the writers from ESPN's Playmakers. As a result of the mature themes in the title, The League is the first and only professional football franchise to ever receive the "Mature" rating from the ESRB and was banned in Australia. A sequel, Blitz: The League II was released on PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on October 13, 2008.

After Midway's bankruptcy filing in 2009, EA Sports, publisher of the popular NFL simulation series Madden NFL and the exclusive holder of the NFL's video game rights, acquired the rights to the NFL Blitz intellectual property, and on October 19, 2011, EA Sports announced NFL Blitz' return via a story with Electronic Gaming Monthly and the release of an announcement trailer. EA Sports intended the new NFL Blitz to be an "arcade" football experience, different from the simulation-oriented Madden series. The result was the 2012 title simply called NFL Blitz.

In 2000 Midway released a spinoff to Blitz based on the Arena Football League titled Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed for the PlayStation.

Reception
Critical reception for Blitz: The League was mostly positive. Gamerankings.com gives the PlayStation 2 release a score of 75% and the Xbox release a score of 77%. GameSpot.com gave both PS2 and Xbox versions an 8.6/10.

title: NFL Blitz


text:
Talk:Harry Gregg

Best ever?
"Harry Gregg is rated by many as the best goalkeeper Manchester United ever had"

I think this needs an example or two, as I've not heard many people claim this (I think a clear majority of people would rate Schmeichel as the best.) See Avoid weasel terms (although I should point out that a lot of people disagree with this guideline..

- Yes, best ever according to both separate polls of fans and players. It's hard for you to say to avoid weasel terms, whilst saying that you think Schmeichel would clearly be the best.. Although admittedly this is a talk page. I can always see if I can dig up the articles and references. It should also include how he was, at the time, the world record transfer fee for a goalkeeper, and that he helped Northern Ireland to the quarter finals in the World Cup, whilst simultaneously playing with a broken (if I recall correctly) ankle, resulting in him being Goalkeeper of the World Cup. M'uncle Henry ftw. :) --EmSixTeen

Magherafelt??
Harry Gregg was born just outside Tobermore not in Magherafelt, he even states this in his biography so i'm changing it. Mabuska 17:14, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

I think you are both wrong he used to Own the windsor hotel in Portstewart now disused and it was named after the street in Coleraine he was Born in Windsor Avenue i found this info out from a book called "silver linings about a English Journalists tales of travels around Northern Ireland  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.41.240.15 (talk) 17:47, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Most people mistake him as being born in Coleraine, just as many mistake the actor James Nesbitt as being born in Coleraine even though he was born near Broughshane outside Ballymena a good wee bit away from Coleraine! Many people wrongly assume as a person grew up in a place they must have been born there. Mabuska (talk) 20:03, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

Please quote the details. The local hospital (Mid-Ulster) is in Magherafelt unless he was a home birth....Ok well the authors name I believe is Martin Fletcher he worked as a Journalist for the Telegraph or times (telegraph im 99% certain ) for their NI coverage Glasseyes 14:47, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
 * If you want to be that technical about place of birth your gonna have a hell of a job editing all the articles on Wikipedia that aren't lol ;-). Home births would of been common prior to WWII i'm assumming espec as we still had outside toilets well into the 60's. Mabuska (talk) 20:03, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

And just incase anyone wants to argue here's other articles on the web that state Tobermore as Harry Gregg's place of birth: ,, News of the World, Belfast Telegraph. Many journalists assume coz someone grew up in a place they where born there, such journalsts aren't worth their grain in salt if they don't do appropraite research. Mabuska (talk) 20:03, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

Coleraine is wrong
He was born in Tobermore, it says so in his 2002 Autobiography Harry's Game. I quote I was born on 27 October 1932, in the village of Tobermore. He of course may have 'actually' been born in Magherafelt Hospital a few miles down the road. Therefore either Tobermore or Magherafelt should be used. Have a look on the internet and every page will give his DOB as either one of these two.

The person who said Coleraine got confused because that is where he moved to when he was young. Again from his autobiography I quote The Gregg family moved to Windsor Avenue in Coleraine and it was there that I spent my teenage years page 11. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Plkmo (talk • contribs) 16:17, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080920051327/http://news.ulster.ac.uk/releases/2008/3864.html to http://news.ulster.ac.uk/releases/2008/3864.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140102200815/http://www.harrygregg.com/index.php/harry to http://www.harrygregg.com/index.php/harry
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120622001331/http://natgeotv.com/uk/munich-air-disaster-i-was-there to http://natgeotv.com/uk/munich-air-disaster-i-was-there

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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131111000131/http://www.harrygregg.com/index.php/the-testimonial to http://www.harrygregg.com/index.php/the-testimonial
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131111000458/http://www.harrygregg.com/index.php/about-harry to http://www.harrygregg.com/index.php/about-harry

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Given name: Harry or Henry ?
There is no rationale, why Mr. Gregg's given name is stated as "Henry" in two locations of the article (= the very beginning of the article, and in the infobox), while the article itself is using "Harry" as do almost all REF's. Only REF #1 is showing "Henry", which as well may be a mistake in the external website. All latin-character based links to language-specific Wikipedia articles in Wikidata item Q546107 use "Harry". As first measure, I have set value "Henry" (Q1158477) for property "given name" (P735) to "disputed" in the Wikidata item, and deprecated its rank in order to solve a Defaultsort-conflict in the related Commons Category. Any ideas and/or insights ? --Archie02 (talk) 11:28, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't understand your point. The infobox and the opening sentence give his birth name, whereas all the other sources refer to him as Harry because that's the name he's commonly known by. There is a source provided for his birth name if you'd like to check it out. – PeeJay 12:25, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * If Harry is common nickname, I would expect this to be mentioned expressis verbis somewhere in the article. For those unfamiliar with the history of Mr. Gregg (yep, I'm from the continent), "Henry" vs. "Harry" looks like a typo, or even vandalism.
 * As there seems to be no specific story behind the nickname, wouldn't it be better to start the article with wording Henry "Harry" Gregg, OBE ... ?
 * --Archie02 (talk) 15:13, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * If you don't know that "Harry" is a common abbreviation for "Henry", I suggest doing a little more research. Per MOS:HYPOCORISM, common hypocorisms (nicknames) do not need to be mentioned explicitly, so there's no need to change the article. – PeeJay 19:52, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the lesson. --22:23, 17 February 2020 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Archie02 (talk • contribs)
 * It is not commonly known that "Harry" is a common abbreviation for "Henry" because it is not an abbreviation. Davidships (talk) 17:40, 18 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Alright smartarse! ;) – PeeJay 20:15, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

Death date
I have suspicion about his death date. I have found in news articles that today his death was announced. Can anyone provide kindly provide about his death date as in news articles I did not find any strong reference about his exact death date?S. M. Nazmus Shakib (talk) 13:16, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * this confirms the date of death as the 16 Feb. I have added it as a cite in the article. Thanks — Amakuru (talk) 10:27, 19 February 2020 (UTC)

Better Picture
I feel like we need a better picture for Infobox. The one right now just looks grainy. Great Mercian (talk) 22:52, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Having the grainy blow-up is appreciated for a front-page article (thanks Amakuru), but looks to me like a good case for an non-free portrait from his playing days. Davidships (talk) 18:19, 18 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Hmm... I'd be sceptical about that myself. If a public domain pic exists, and this one does exist even if it's grainy, the standard fair-use rationale of no replaceability doesn't apply. (I'm generally quite sceptical about fair use anyway though, part of me would like to scrap it altogether as it creates a disconnect between Wikipedia and the Wikipedia content that's free for anyone to use, but that's a separate debate). — Amakuru (talk) 18:40, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Harry Gregg


text:
Pudu Prison

The Pudu Prison (Penjara Pudu, ), also known as Pudu Jail, was a prison in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Built in phases by the British colonial government between 1891 and 1895, it stood on Jalan Shaw (now Jalan Hang Tuah). The construction began with its 394-metre prison wall at a cost of 16,000 Straits dollars, and had been adorned with the world's longest mural at one point in its history. The cells were small and dark, each only the size of a shoebox.

The prison complex was largely demolished by December 2012 to make way for urban development. At the request of heritage conservationists and the public, the main gate and a portion of the exterior wall have been preserved and now form part of the park surrounding the Bukit Bintang City Centre development and mall, which occupies the site of the former prison.

Early years
Pudu Prison, also known as Pudu Jail, was built on the site of a former Chinese burial ground. At the time, Pudu was a dense jungle area with tigers occasionally roaming around. Construction began in 1891, using convicts as workforce. It took about four years and was finally complete in 1895. The first governor of Pudu Prison was Lt. Col. J.A.B. Ellen.

A few months after its completion, in August 1895, a cholera outbreak struck the prison and killed a few hundred inmates. Later, it was found that the plague was caused by the prison's water supply system, which relied on an old well belonging to the Chinese cemetery previously on the site. An inspection by the British colonial authorities revealed that the water in the well was severely contaminated by deadly microorganisms. The water problem was not fixed until 1898.

In 1911, Richard Alfred Ernest Clark, a former soldier of the third battalion of the Middlesex Regiment, was one of the European warders at Pudu Prison.

Early in its history, Pudu Prison was the only prison in the state of Selangor and used to imprison men and women with short sentences. The prison was also self-sufficient as it had a vegetable garden that could produce enough food for its inmates annually.

The prison later housed criminals including drug offenders and was a location for administering corporal punishment by caning. The canings were administered in a special "caning area", so marked, which was not inside the main building but on the prison grounds.

Mural
In 1984, an inmate named Khong Yen Chong used some 2,000 litres of paint to create an impressive mural of tropical scenes. It measured some 860 feet by 14 feet and was mentioned in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest mural in the world. Khong, as an inmate, was not able to complete the mural. He returned later as a free man and volunteered his time to complete his masterpiece.

World War II and later
During World War II, the Japanese occupation forces incarcerated many Allied POWs there.

In 1986, the Pudu Prison siege took place. In this incident, a group of prisoners seized and held two members of the prison staff as hostages over a period of six days. The siege was resolved when Malaysian police stormed the prison. They successfully rescued the hostages and subdued the prisoners without loss of life.

As Kuala Lumpur entered the 1990s, concerns were raised about the viability of the prison's location on prime real estate. Security was a major issue due to the prison's proximity to fast-rising commercial developments such as Imbi and Bukit Bintang. Additionally, the prison layout and facilities had become obsolete.

In 1996, after 101 years as a prison, Pudu Prison was formally closed and the inmates were moved to Sungai Buloh Prison and Kajang Prison. It continued to be used until 2009 as a day-holding facility for prisoners attending court hearings. It was used as a museum for a period in 1997. Additionally, eight supporters of the Hindu Rights Action Force were arrested and incarcerated in Pudu Prison following the 2007 HINDRAF rally. They were later released due to lack of evidence.

In June 2009, the government finally decided to demolish the complex by developing it in phases. When the MP for Bukit Bintang, Fong Kui Lun (DAP) asked why the building was not being retained as part of Malaysia's heritage, Deputy Finance Minister Awang Adek Hussain (UMNO-BN) replied: "In our opinion, it's not something to be proud of." The hanging chamber, along with the prison hospital, were the first structures to be torn down in October that year.

In June 2010, the eastern wall of the Pudu Prison complex was demolished to make way for a road-widening project. By December 2012, all buildings within the Pudu Prison complex were completely demolished. The government agreed to maintain a part of the exterior wall and landmark main gate after being petitioned by conservationists and the general public. These remaining features have been incorporated into the fountain park forming part of Mitsui Lalaport Mall, which now occupies the site of the prison.

The site was redeveloped by the BBCC Development Sdn Bhd, a joint venture between EcoWorld, UDA and EPF Board, into the Bukit Bintang City Centre. In 2022, Bukit Bintang City Centre was opened.

Famous inmates
Botak Chin, an infamous gangster who was allegedly betrayed by his own men, was executed here on 11 June 1981 for the possession of firearms. In the 1980s Leonard Glenn Francis "Fat Leonard" spent time interned there.

In 1986 Kevin Barlow and Brian Chambers, both Australian nationals, were executed in Pudu Prison for trafficking heroin. In 1989, Derrick Gregory, a British national was also hanged for heroin trafficking.

Artifacts
Some artifacts from the prison, including the fountain and the gable inscribed with the year "1895", were preserved and exhibited at the Malaysia Prison Museum in Bandar Hilir, Malacca; the museum itself being a former colonial prison opened in 1860.

title: Pudu Prison


text: Template:Kevin Smith

title: Template:Kevin Smith