text:
Keri Kelli

Keri Kelli (born Kenneth Fear Jr.) is an American guitarist who has played with artists and groups including Alice Cooper, Slash, Jani Lane, Vince Neil and John Waite. In March 2013 he formed Project Rock together with James Kottak from the Scorpions. Project Rock consisted of Keri Kelli, James Kottak, Tim 'Ripper' Owens, Rudy Sarzo & Teddy Zig-Zag. Kelli is currently in the band Night Ranger.

Biography
Kelli was born in Huntington Beach, California on September 7, 1971. He has founded several bands, including Saints of the Underground, Adler's Appetite (formerly Suki Jones), New World Idols, Rubber (formerly Blow), Big Bang Babies, and Empire (1987). He has played with other bands including Slash's Snakepit, Skid Row, Vince Neil Band, Ratt, Warrant, L.A. Guns, Pretty Boy Floyd, Dad's Porno Mag, The Newlydeads, Bulletboys, Love/Hate, Tuff, Tal Bachman, Angel City Outlaws (formerly Phucket), Alice Cooper, Liberty N' Justice and Night Ranger.

In July 2009, Keri opened Aces & Ales, an American craft beer bar and restaurant in Las Vegas, Nevada. In June 2013, he opened a second restaurant.

Discography
Empire
 * Show Ya – (1987) – single / vinyl – cassette tape single

Big Bang Babies
 * Big Bang Babies – (1992)
 * Black Market – (1994)
 * 3 Chords & the Truth – (1999)
 * Hollywood Hairspray Vol.1 – (2002) – "Let's Go"
 * The Glam That Stole Christmas Vol.1 – (2002) – "Winter Wonderland"

Rubber
 * Rubber – (1996) – Cassette Tape (4 tracks)
 * Safe Sex, Designer Drugs, and the Death of Rock N Roll – (1996) – Cassette Tape (5 tracks)

The Newlydeads
 * Re-Bound – (1998) – 2 tracks from forthcoming album "Black & Shiny"
 * Black & Shiny – (unreleased)
 * Dead End – (2001) – some songs from "Black & Shiny"
 * Dream from a Dirt Nap – (2006) – best of. some songs from "Black & Shiny"

Pretty Boy Floyd
 * The Pink and the Black – (1998) – incl. "Saturday Night"(early version)
 * A Tale of Sex, Designer Drugs, and the Death of Rock N Roll – (1998)
 * Porn Stars – (1999)
 * The World's Greatest Heavy Metal Anthems – (2000) – "Lether Boyz With Electric Toyz"
 * Porn Stars (Japanese Edition) – (2000) – incl. 2 bonus tracks
 * No Brakes -BIG M.F. Compilation- – (2000) – "Shout It Out Loud"
 * The Ultimate – (2004)
 * Dirty Glam – (2004) – re-issue of "Porn Stars" with some bonus demo tracks
 * Vault II – (2003)
 * Take It Down – (2007) (unreleased) – feat. Aerial Stiles. written by Keri Kelli / Steve Summers.

Dad's Porno Mag
 * Dad's Porno Mag – (2000)

U.S. Crush
 * U.S. Crush – (2000) – co-wrote "Bleed" & "Collision Course", Guitar on "Bleed"

Slash's Snakepit
 * Ain't Life Grand – (2000) – appeared on booklet only. Keri joined after recording session was finished.

Goliath
 * The Gate – (2000) – guitar solo on "Demons"

Shameless
 * Backstreet Anthems – (1999) – wrote lyrics for "Talk to Me", but wrong credit printed in original booklet.
 * Backstreet Anthems (Japanese Edition) – (1999) – wrote lyrics for "Talk to Me" (credit is fixed)
 * Talk to Me – (unreleased) – wrote lyrics and on vocals
 * Queen 4 a Day – (2000)
 * Splashed – (2002)
 * Super Hardcore Show – (2003)
 * Undressed: An Unmasked Tribute to Kiss- – (2003)
 * Famous 4 Madness – (2007)
 * Forever Ends Today – (2013) single incl. "Queen 4 A Day(remastered)"
 * Splashed – (2013) – Cardboard Sleeve edition
 * Life's a Gas – (2013) – single incl. "Live 4 Today"
 * Queen 4 a Day (Remaster 2013) – (2013)
 * Beautiful Disaster – (2013)

Website

Sonofabitch
 * Greatest Hits – (2002)
 * The Black Compilation – (2006)

New World Idols
 * 5 Tracks Promotion CD – (unreleased)
 * Agent Cody Banks (soundtrack) – (2003) – "Up Town Girl"(cover of Billy Joel) Keri (Vo.,B. & G.), Chad Stewart (Ds.)

Warrant
 * Under the Influence – (2001) – co-wrote "Sub Human" & "Face"

Jani Lane
 * Back Down to One – (2002) – released by Jani himself (8 tracks)
 * Back Down to One – (2003) – released from Z RECORDS (11 tracks)
 * Monster Ballads X Mas – (2007) – plays guitar on "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"

L.A. Guns
 * Rips the Covers Off – (2004) – On the two live songs
 * Hellraiser's Ball: Caught in the Act (CD Version) (2008)
 * Electric Gypsy - Live (CD+DVD) (2019) The same as Hellraiser's Ball CD/DVD

Adler's Appetite
 * Adler's Appetite – (2005)
 * Adler's Appetite – (2005) – different booklet called "Black Rose Version"

Liberty N' Justice
 * Soundtrack of a Soul – (2006) – co-wrote and play "Another Nail" (Sebastian Bach on vocals)
 * Independence Day – (2007) – guitar on "Doubting Thomas"
 * Light It Up – (2009) – guitar on "Every Reason To Believe"
 * Hell Is Coming to Breakfast – (2012) – co-wrote "Sin (Original Acoustic Demo)", Guitar on "Stretch Armstrong"
 * Cigar Chronicles – (2013) – co-wrote and guitar on "Sin"

Nicollette Knight
 * Nicollette Knight – (2006) – play all instruments and recorded some unreleased songs of Big Bang Babies

Angel City Outlaws
 * Hell Bent Forever: A Tribute to Judas Priest – (2008) – "Heading Out to the Highway"

Saints of the Underground
 * Love the Sin, Hate the Sinner – (2008)

Alice Cooper
 * Along Came a Spider – (2008)
 * Theater of Death – Live at Hammersmith 2009 – Live album & video (2010)
 * Keepin' Halloween Alive – 7" single (2010) C.side – "I Love the Dead(Live)" from "Theater of Death"(Live CD)
 * Welcome 2 My Nightmare – (2011) "We Gotta Get Outta This Place" (The Animals cover) as bonus track

Stephen Pearcy
 * Social Intercourse – (2002) – co-wrote "Freak", "In the Corner" and "Five Fingers"
 * Fueler – (2004) – co-wrote and play "That Sick Thing" & "Spy Vs. Spy"
 * Metal Mania Stripped Vol.2 – The Anthems – (2008) – plays acoustic guitar on "Round and Round"

Penny Lane
 * Midnight Tales from the Funhouse : Part 1 – (2009) – produced, co-wrote and play on almost all songs

V.A.
 * Shout at the Remix: A Tribute to Mötley Crüe- – (2000) – guitar on "Looks That Kill (Spahn Ranch remix)"
 * Welcome to the Aerosmithonian: A Tribute to Aerosmith- – (2001) – guitar on "Sweet Emotion"
 * Name Your Poison: A Tribute to Poison- – (2001) – guitar on "Talk Dirty to Me", "Look What the Cat Dragged In", "I Won't Forget You" and "Fallen Angel"
 * It's So Easy: A Millennium Tribute to Guns N' Roses- – (2006) – guitar on "Night Train"
 * Too Fast for Love: A Millennium Tribute to Mötley Crüe- – (2007) – guitar on "Dr. Feelgood"
 * Misty Mountain Hop: A Millennium Tribute to Led Zeppelin – (2008) – guitar on "Ocean"
 * Lick It Up: A Millennium Tribute to Kiss – (2008) – guitar on "Shout It Out Loud"
 * Hell Bent Forever: A Tribute to Judas Priest – (2008) – "Desert Plains" Keri(G. & B.), Brent Fitz(Ds.), Vince Neil(Vo.)
 * Wicked Garden: A Millennium Tribute to Stone Temple Pilots – (2009) – guitar on "Tripping on a Hole in a Paper Heart"
 * Lit Up: A Millennium Tribute to Buckcherry – (2009) – guitar on "Crazy Bitch"
 * Rock & Roll Train: A Millennium Tribute to AC/DC – (2011) – guitar on "Highway to Hell"
 * No More Tears: A Millennium Tribute to Ozzy Osbourne – (2012) – guitar on "Crazy Train"
 * Down at the Whiskey : A Tribute To Mötley Crüe's Greatest Hits 1981–2013 – (2013) – guitar on "Dr. Feelgood"
 * Blackdog : A Tribute To LED ZEPPELIN's Greatest Hits – (2014) – guitar on "The Ocean"

New Skool Kings
 * Here to Say – (2009) – produced

Metavenge
 * Demo CD – (2009) – engineered

Aqua Cats
 * Alkaline State – (2010) All music & Produced by Denny Lake & Keri Kelli. Engineered and Read guitar as "Keri Cool Cat".

Pushking
 * The World As We Love It – (2011) – "Troubled Love" feat. with Alice Cooper. Also Keri is listed as co-producer for this song.

Vangeance
 * Crystal Eye (Limited Edition Incl. 2 Bonus Tracks) – (2012) – co-wrote "Paint This Town"

Tuff
 * What Comes Around Goes Around...Again! – (2012) – "I Hate Kissing You Goodbye"

Becca Williams (The Reapers)
 * Grim Reaper Test – (2012) Keri Kelli as producer and additional instrumentation for Williams. Becca Williams, guitars. Timexx Nasty on vocals. Sean Elg on drums. Recorded August at For the Gods, OC, CA

John Waite
 * Live All Access – (2013)
 * Best – (2014)

Ray C.
 * Undone – (2013) Produce, Mix and Lead guitar

Forever Young
 * Never Say Goodnight – (2014) Mixed by Keri Kelli

Night Ranger
 * Don't Let Up (2017)
 * ATBPO (2021)

Jim Peterik & World Stage
 * Winds of Change (2019)　Lead guitar on "I Will What I Want"

Videography
Big Bang Babies
 * Home "Made" Video – (1992) Video

L.A. Guns
 * Hellraiser's Ball: Caught in the Act – (2004) DVD

Alice Cooper
 * Sweden Rock Festival 2006 – (2006) DVD "School's Out"
 * Theater Of Death DVD (2010)

Pretty Boy Floyd
 * London, England 2002 – DVD

Shameless
 * Glamology Part 1 1989 – 2000 – DVD (2013)

Night Ranger
 * 35 Years & A Night In Chicago - 2CD/DVD (2016)

title: Keri Kelli


text: User talk:67.150.124.132

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:67.150.124.132


text:
User talk:Nitaidas

Nitai das is a servant of Nityananda Prabhu,companion of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu.

title: User talk:Nitaidas


text: Category:Brazilian film directors

title: Category:Brazilian film directors


text:
Talk:Pump organ

[Untitled]
Interesting new addition. Maybe the initial sentence that defines the pump organ as a reed organ shold be changed? Are the portative organs also referred to as "pump organ"? /Habj 09:45, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC) scooby doo I'm pretty sure positive organs have another person pumping the thing ( they have foot pedals). Lasaris (talk) 15:16, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

Not harmonium?
Following a link to what I thought would be an article on the harmonium, I am quite surprised to see that is headed with the title "Pump organ". This is not a term I have encountered at all often, and I have always thought that the normal name for the instrument was "harmonium".

Is it one of those things that varies wildly from one country to another, or even between different types of musicians (like different types of violinists may refer to either a "fiddle" or a "violin")? For what it matters, I am in Australia, but I don't think that would have made much difference to the name I hear most often for the instrument, because I rarely hear anyone in person talk about the harmonium, and by far the most references to the instrument, from which I would have inferred its usual name, have been in printed sources or web sites - most of which are probably not Australian in origin.

I don't know enough about the matter of naming to go into it further; but I wonder if anyone who knows about this (perhaps previous contributors to the article) could please respond, and mention the basis on which the heading for this article was chosen. I tried looking to see if there had been any discussion about this, but there doesn't appear to have been. I really would have thought it should be "Harmonium", so would be interested to know why the name "Pump organ" was chosen to head this article. M.J.E. (talk) 16:57, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

 * I agree that the term "harmonium" is (or was) commonly used in Australia when being specific about what kind of organ is meant. In the 50s and 60s, my family, their friends and their churches, called it simply "the organ", without qualification, since only larger churches could afford to have a "pipe organ".  If any adjective was added, it was to call it a "church organ".  Only later did various electronic organs, such as the Hammond, become more affordable and common, and as they did so, the harmonium became increasingly unfashionable and less commonly found.  (Very few were in private homes; uncommonly, we had a small (12-stop) harmonium at home, which my mother and I loved to play.  We called it "the organ"; my parents thought the name "harmonium" pretentious.)  Many a decent harmonium was put into storage and forgotten; more were sold off, given away or thrown out.  It's now difficult to find a worthy harmonium in decent working order.

 * However, I've never heard the term pump organ in speech, logical though it might be! yoyo (talk) 00:13, 28 November 2016 (UTC)

Melodeon
The last paragraph of the introduction is unclear in a number of aspects:

"The melodeon is another reed keyboard instrument, usually housed in a table-like casing, that predates the pump organ. In reference to the music of India, melodeon usually refers to a concertina accordion, while harmonium means the smaller hand-pumped variety."

I think the first sentence is attempting to elaborate the difference between the instrument being described and the pump organ but other than saying that it is "another...instrument" the difference isn't made clear. Assuming it's not the same instrument, it should also clarify the difference from the other instrument commonly known by the name "melodeon", the diatonic button accordion.

In the second sentence, the use of the term "concertina accordion" is, to my knowledge, incorrect as they are distinct instruments and the instrument in discussion can only be one or the other. If the sentence is saying that the name "melodeon" refers to the diatonic button accordion, there is nothing particular about this use to India. That "harmonium means the smaller hand-pumped variety" does not clarify as to whether this is a variety of pump organ (the intention I'm guessing), accordion or concertina. Mutt Lunker (talk) 18:18, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

No mention of Nico?
Yeah, I thought that Nico was pretty much the face (and sound!) of the harmonium/pump organ in western popular music? Should she be mentioned in this article? Thanks. -84.51.162.182 (talk) 01:22, 14 September 2015 (UTC)

It's obvious that she is, added! I'm tired of the Beatles nonsense.Filas312 (talk) 22:44, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

Western Popular music
I've marked as "dubious" the claim that: "Harmoniums have become widely used in western popular music ...".

All of the examples given are from The Beatles, and their use of the Harmonium was both rare and sporadic. Examples of other bands and performers would bolster the claim somewhat. Further, no secondary source was given for the claim of "wide use".

It would be truer to say that: "Harmoniums have been used occasionally in western popular music ...". yoyo (talk) 00:21, 28 November 2016 (UTC)

Reed organ with bells
I found this https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SqCiD22wt0 an 1887 B. Shoninger Reed Organ w/bells. I'm not sure how this would comply with the external links guideline or if the "Reed Organ w/bells" is relevant to the article. One of the comments says "there is a lever underneath each key that runs back into bell action and trips a hammer that strikes each bell" and that may not have been my own words, but if I can find a better source (and if this instrument is somehow relevant to the article) maybe I'll add this information. I guess these bells are kinda like the Maas-Rowe chimes of the early post-WWII era that many church musicians attached to their organ consoles (church organs with this modification are identified by the small keyboard attached to or integrated with the organ console) only the Maas-Rowe chimes sound a bit more like real church bells and so are essentially keyboard-operated tubular bells (that discussion would be more relevant to the Electronic carillon article) but I think there should be some mention of this "Reed Organ w/Bells" thing and I'll see if I can find a better source and/or a more appropriate external link.--73.128.145.64 (talk) 22:48, 4 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Pump organ


text:
Talk:William E. Boeing

Comment
"Boeing blew up" may not be the best choice of words (in the introduction). Perhaps "Boeing became furious"? Typometer (talk) 01:11, 17 January 2013 (UTC)

Birthname
Just wondering here, was he born William Boeing, or was he born Wilhelm Böing? The text suggests his father was named Wilhelm Böing, and never states what William's original name was, until it mentions him anglicizing it.83.233.216.105 (talk) 02:24, 11 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Concur. He could well have been born "William Edward Böing". We need a reilable source that specifically say s he was born "Wilhelm Eduard Böing". His first and middle names may have already been anglicized, as was common for many American-born children of European immigrants of that time period. My grandfather's parents also emigrated from Germany to the US in the late 1800s/early 1900s, and to my knowledge his name was always spelled William, even though he had an obviously German surname. - BilCat (talk) 21:31, 12 April 2014 (UTC)

 * I agree. I haven't found any evidence that he was born anything other that William Edward Böing, so I added a need citation template to that part of the sentence. Thellomerca (talk) 17:35, 11 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Removed, as it was still unsourced after 2 and a half years. - BilCat (talk) 02:46, 28 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:William E. Boeing


text: User talk:195.171.206.93

title: User talk:195.171.206.93


text:
Co-option

Co-option, also known as co-optation and sometimes spelt cooption or cooptation, has two common meanings. It may refer to the process of adding members to an elite group at the discretion of members of the body, usually to manage opposition and so maintain the stability of the group. Outsiders are "co-opted" by being given a degree of power on the grounds of their elite status, specialist knowledge, or potential ability to threaten essential commitments or goals ("formal co-optation"). Co-optation may take place in many other contexts, such as a technique by a dictatorship to control opposition.

Co-optation may refer to the process by which a group subsumes or acculturates a smaller or weaker group with related interests, or the process by which one group gains converts from another group by replicating some aspects of it without adopting the full program or ideal ("informal co-optation"). Co-optation is associated with the cultural tactic of recuperation, and is often understood to be synonymous with it.

First sense
In a 1979 article for Harvard Business Review, consultants John Kotter and Leonard Schlesinger presented co-optation as a "form of manipulation" for dealing with employees who are resistant to new management programs:

"Co-opting an individual usually involves giving him or her a desirable role in the design or implementation of the change. Co-opting a group involves giving one of its leaders, or someone it respects, a key role in the design or implementation of a change. This is not a form of participation, however, because the initiators do not want the advice of the co-opted, merely his or her endorsement."

Reasons for use
Two common uses of co-option are firstly, to recruit members who have specific skills or abilities needed by the group which are not available among existing members. Secondly, to fill vacancies which could not be filled by the usual process (normally election), e.g. if suitable candidates appear subsequently. Co-opted members may or may not have the same rights as the elected members of a group (such as the right to vote on motions), depending on the rules of the group. Sociologist William Gamson defined co-optation as "challengers gaining access to the public policy process but without achieving actual policy changes."

Limitations on use
If a group is elected or appointed based on its members representing specific constituencies, co-option to fill vacancies is inappropriate, as a member selected by existing members will not necessarily represent the interests of the group represented by the vacating member. In this case, vacancies may be filled via a mechanism specified in its rules, such as a by-election. Examples are:
 * geographical constituencies (as used in legislatures in the United States and United Kingdom)
 * constituencies of adherents to a political party, known as proportional representation (as used in legislatures in Israel and New Zealand)
 * ethnic groups (as used in Māori constituencies in the New Zealand legislature)
 * any other affinity group.

Nomenclature
Sociologist Philip Selznick, in the context of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), described this form as "formal cooptation".

Second sense
This is arguably a derivation from the first sense. The outcome of such co-option will be specific to the individual case, and will depend on the relative strength of the co-opting and co-opted groups, the degree of alignment of their interests, and the vigour with which their members are prepared to pursue those interests. For example, when corporations greenwash their brands by co-opting the tone of environmentalism without any deep reform of their environmental impact, both environmental advocates and the general public must decide how to engage (or not) with the greenwashed result (accept it wholly, boycott it, apply pressure from another angle, ignore it, or some other path).

Selznick, again in the context of the Tennessee Valley Authority, described this form as "informal co-optation", although the process he describes is almost indistinguishable from the corrupt sale of political influence.

title: Co-option


text:
User talk:Gauranga

== Headline text =GAURANGA....

Name of The Supreme Lord,Sri Caitanya Mahprabhu,born in West Bengal,in 1886.

Visit:[krishna.com]

title: User talk:Gauranga


text:
Ieu Koeus

Ieu Koeus (អៀវ កើស; 1905 – 14 January 1950) was a Cambodian politician. He served as President of the National Assembly of Cambodia from 1946 to 1949, and as Prime Minister of Cambodia for nine days in September 1949. Considered an intellectual, he was instrumental in the formation of the Cambodian Democratic Party in April 1946, created a self-declared government on September 20, 1949, was replaced by Yem Sambaur on September 29.

On 14 January 1950, a hand grenade was thrown into the party headquarters, fatally wounding Koeus, who led the National Union Movement. The man throwing the grenade was captured and arrested, admitting, then later denying, that he was a member of the opposing Liberal party. Blame for the assassination, however, varies from the French, King Sihanouk, Yem Sambaur, and rebel Issaraks with little evidence available. Koeus' son Ieu Pannakar was a Cambodian senator.

title: Ieu Koeus


text:
File:Captaincomic2.jpg

Summary
Shot of the game Captain Comic II: Fractured Reality.

title: File:Captaincomic2.jpg


text:
Spiders (System of a Down song)

"Spiders" is a song by American heavy metal band System of a Down from their self-titled debut album.

The song was on the soundtrack for the movie Scream 3, and was even briefly featured in the film itself. It was also used in the video game Rock Band 4.

Music
"Spiders", like many of System of a Down's songs, is written in the key of C minor. The song relies heavily on the Cm, B♭, and E♭ chords, as well as Fm, Gm, A♭, B, and D♭. "Spiders" uses 4/4 time at a slow tempo, and employs drum-rolls and syncopation in the verses. The music can be described as haunting, ominous, dark, frightening, and depressing with its dark melody and echoing vocal overdubs. Serj Tankian's vocals, while low and melodic in the verses, become more energetic and dissonant in the refrains. The song's minor-key intro serves as a musical motif for the rest of the song; it repeats throughout the song in its normal and raised third forms. After the second refrain, Daron Malakian delivers a solo bridge that creates harmonic tension with its B and D♭ (non-key) chords. The song ends with a soft vocal version of the intro motif.

title: Spiders (System of a Down song)


text:
Talk:PSNA College of Engineering and Technology

Self promotion
Please remove this page. It contradicts wikipedia's premise that one should not write a story promoting oneself.

It reads like a prospectus for a college.

Merger proposal
The orphaned article P.S.N.A.College of Engineering and Technology appears to be a duplicate, or subset, of this one, so I suggest it be merged here. -- KenBailey (talk) 08:50, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ ~ I've MERGED the two articles under PSNA College of Engineering and Technology. It's the same subject. P.S.N.A.College of Engineering and Technology is now a REDIRECT to this one, but the lack of a space in the article title ("P.S.N.A .C ollege of...") makes me think it's better to DELETE that page per Article titles. Happy Editing! –p joe f (talk • contribs) 10:03, 13 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Guy Favreau

Guy Favreau (20 May 1917 – 11 July 1967) was a Canadian lawyer, politician and judge.

Born in Montreal, Quebec, the son of Léopold Favreau and Béatrice Gagnon, he obtained a Bachelor of Arts and an LL.B. from the Université de Montréal. He was called to the Bar of Quebec in 1940. He worked as a lawyer in Montreal from 1942 to 1952. In 1952, he became a member of the Restrictive Trade Practices Commission in Ottawa. In 1955, he became Assistant Deputy Minister of Justice. He helped to create the Faculty of Civil Law at the University of Ottawa and taught there as well. In 1960, he returned to Montreal to work as a private lawyer.

He was elected as a Liberal in the riding of Papineau in the 1963 election, and was re-elected in 1965. He was Minister of Citizenship and Immigration (1963–1964), Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada (1964–1965), President of the Privy Council (1965–1967), Minister of Indian Affairs (1963–1964) and Registrar General of Canada (1966–1967). As well, he was Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (1964) and Liberal Party House Leader (1964). Allegations regarding involvement in the prison escape of Lucien Rivard had led to his downfall as Attorney General.

He was appointed a judge of the Quebec Superior Court on April 17, 1967, but he died shortly afterward. He was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.

The Complexe Guy-Favreau, the federal government's main building in Montreal, was built in 1983 and is named in his honour.

title: Guy Favreau


text:
Template talk:British Rail EMU

TFD
This template was nominated for deletion, but did not have consensus to delete. Thus it is kept. See Templates for deletion/Log/Not deleted/June 2005. However, given its sheer size it may be worth considering to split it or convert it to a list. Radiant_* 09:55, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)

Hitachi trains
What is the source for South Eastern’s high-speed trains being designated Class 395? David Arthur 22:03, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * This news page on Southeastern's offical site is the only reference to 395 I've found so far. Thryduulf 21:48, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Also this page advertising for a Depot manager, and this PDF (second last bullet on PDF page 18/document page 16) on Network Rail's site also mention them as Class 395. Thryduulf 21:55, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Redesign proposal
I have created a new design for the template. It can be found below. The benifits of it over the current design are that it is collapsible, it has the v-d-e function, the layout is clearer and the template takes up less space on the page.

I would like to hear the thoughts of other people first, and have a consensus reached on whether it should be implemented. If you wish to make any changes to the design, then please make a copy of the template below, then modify it. This means the templates can be compared against each other.

I have also made similar proposals on the related templates here and here.

--Jorvik 20:29, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I have implemented the design proposal following no objections. --Jorvik 09:42, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

--AlbanScot 11:03, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I note the intention above to redesign and the comment that it has been implemented. My comment is that the current version on the main page has errors in all the links for the DC Units (original TOPS).  For example 411 clicks through to 415. I am unsure whether to change the text or change the link and in light of the intention to redesign I have not corrected it.

SR designations
Any particular reasons why these are lowercased? I've only ever seen them uppercased, and for the most part they make more sense in uppercase, as abbreviated designators rather than "words". 90.203.45.143 18:56, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I have emailed the Southern Electric Group about this and been informed that the correct way of writing SR designations is   , with the exception of EPB which should be all uppercase. Hammersfan 02/03/08, 21.36 GMT
 * I have a number of objections to the above:
 * All the literature, by authors such as Marsden, Glover and publishing houses like Ian Allan and OPC that I've seen has all codes in uppercase
 * Acronyms should be written in capitals (see: WP:MOS)
 * Acronyms should also be consistent (see above) - having EPB in capitals and all others not, is not consistent!
 * best, Sunil060902 (talk) 12:49, 5 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Your literature is not definitive, the correct literature to refer to is the Southern Railway & Southern Region internal documentation, which is what the SEG have done. The SR does not subscribe to the Wikipedia manual of style, having been destroyed somewhat prior to the creation of Wikipedia. Railwayfan2005 (talk) 22:58, 5 March 2008 (UTC)
 * OK, WP:MOS might be irrelevant, but any references to this documentation in the literature anywhere? Reliable sources and stuff (see WP:RS). best, Sunil060902 (talk) 13:54, 6 March 2008 (UTC)
 * The Wikipedia Manual of Style section about acronyms may not be relevant here as they are not all acronyms - for example 4Sub is an abbreviation. It also says "Write out both the full version and the abbreviation at first occurrence" - were they ever referred to as e.g. "Hal electro-Pneumatic Brake Stock" or was "2Hap" etc the official name? The difference in capitalisation (e.g. 4EPB) may reflect differences in the names of different classes. One thing that should be consistent is the naming in different articles e.g. "2Hap" (in British Rail Class 414), "2 Hap" (in Template:British Rail EMU) or "2HAP" (in SR multiple unit numbering and classification). It probably depends on how they are usually referred to. --Snigbrook ( talk ) 23:59, 5 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I just think it weird that most of these acronyms should be in small case, especially given that EPB, MLV and GLV (also the trailer control sets 4TC) are in capitals! best, Sunil060902 (talk) 14:00, 6 March 2008 (UTC)
 * It merits a page in it's own right... See the SEG Website for more info. Railwayfan2005 (talk) 20:08, 6 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I still see no direct references to the original SR documentation you mentioned. How come all the other literature has had all-capitals for so many years? WP:RS best, Sunil060902 (talk) 01:41, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
 * BTW User:Hammersfan's correspondence above seems to contradict the webpage itself. The email mentions "Number space capital small case", but the webpage has "Number capital small case". best, Sunil060902 (talk) 01:47, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
 * SEMG adds more. Railwayfan2005 (talk) 21:26, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
 * As to whether the letter abbreviation is all capitals or mixed case there does not appear to be a consistent convention, and the case used is what was decided by officialdom at the time. BTW I have thoroughly perused my 1986 copy of Motive Power Recognition 2: EMUs and I notice that there are frontal shots of at least 3 classes 4CIG, 4REP, 2HAP and these designations are shown as capitals on the front of the train, beneath the class/specs patch (black). Can't confirm the others since close-ups aren't available, but it's certainly not just the EPBs! best, Sunil060902 (talk) 01:45, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Any reason why Southern Railway designations are here at all? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kenbw2 (talk • contribs) 21:48, 9 August 2010 (UTC)

Commonscat
Per my recent edit summary, I'll be adding commonscat to each page individually. I can't do this at the moment as Commons is down so I can't check the categories. I'll sort it soon. Adambro (talk) 19:04, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

Classes 485 & 486 (IOW 4Vec + 3Tis)
Should these two be combined into one page? They are almost word-for-word identical descriptions, for the most part. Useddenim (talk) 19:08, 31 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Merged in 2011. --David Biddulph (talk) 21:40, 16 December 2016 (UTC)

707 not AC
Class 707 is listed among the AC units, but it is for SWT, so DC. Perhaps someone could think about how the template ought to be rearranged? --David Biddulph (talk) 21:38, 16 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Changed for now, no bias on further work Snöggletög   Nightfury  Happy Christmas!! 23:05, 16 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Though you corrected it, someone reverted your correction. --David Biddulph (talk) 10:26, 20 July 2017 (UTC)

DC units in AC section
Why are the DC-only 375 and 376 in the AC section? Stifle (talk) 11:52, 9 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Because under TOPS, the 300-399 block was designated for AC and dual-system stock. As regards and, not all of these are DC-only - some are dual-system (25 kV AC/750 V DC), and those that are DC have the provision for fitting the absent AC equipment later. -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 12:19, 9 February 2017 (UTC)

Strange class designations
you reverted my removal of the 705 link from this template. Why do we need to keep this link in there, when the Class 701 was not well-known by this name and it must be very confusing for readers, especially when there is no explanation as to why Class 705 directs to the Class 701? Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 17:51, 25 December 2018 (UTC)

 * As I said - the Class 701 was previously known as Class 705 (5-car) and Class 711 (10-car). There is a reference which supports this in the Class 701 article. There are other former class designations included in this and the DMU template so I don't see why these can't be included as well - Coradia175 (talk) 18:09, 25 December 2018 (UTC)

 * I don't think we should have any former class designations, unless those classes are well known by their former names - I don't think many people will be looking for the Class 705 without knowing what the Class 701 is. Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 18:56, 25 December 2018 (UTC)

 * I don't think it matters if they're well known or not to be honest. If a former class number is mentioned in a multiple unit's article then in my opinion it should be included in the template as well as its current designation - Coradia175 (talk) 20:04, 25 December 2018 (UTC)

3O Response: Can I suggest a compromise? Linking to the same page three times is not good practice, especially in a template; on the other hand, these designations existed on paper and are mentioned in the 701 article. So how about 701 (originally 705 and 711), and then 711 ? Scolaire (talk) 12:49, 7 January 2019 (UTC)
 * That would be fine with me. Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 14:32, 7 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I think that's a good idea - Coradia175 (talk) 15:38, 7 January 2019 (UTC)

 * Great! If one of you does the edit, we can mark this closed. Scolaire (talk) 18:04, 7 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I've made the edit. I think we should also note that Dbmchart made a similar edit to me, so presumably is in favour of removing the former class designations. Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 22:42, 7 January 2019 (UTC)
 * , it's a good idea to include the notes that you added, but can I suggest you revert your edit as per the consensus here that we shouldn't list classes as their former designations as it causes confusion. Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 10:08, 16 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Agree with original suggestion that this template should only reflect what stock was classified as when in service, not what it was planned to but changed before it rolled out of the factory. Allourian (talk) 07:12, 13 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Template talk:British Rail EMU


text:
Template talk:British Rail Locomotives

TFD
This template was nominated for deletion, but did not have consensus to delete. Thus it is kept. See Templates for deletion/Log/Not deleted/June 2005. However, given its sheer size it may be worth considering to split it or convert it to a list. Radiant_* 09:55, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)

Template:Navigation
Out of interest, is there any reason this template doesn't make use of the Navigation template? --Dean Earley 16:31, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Redesign proposal
I have created a new design for the template. It can be found below. The benifits of it over the current design are that it is collapsible, it has the v-d-e function, the layout is clearer and the template takes up less space on the page.

I would like to hear the thoughts of other people first, and have a consensus reached on whether it should be implemented. If you wish to make any changes to the design, then please make a copy of the template below, then modify it. This means the templates can be compared against each other.

I have also made similar proposals on the related templates here and here.

--Jorvik 20:25, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the change in layout is a good plan. However, I've taken the liberty of using more "standard" colours... the cyan was a bright and intrusive IMO. Tom pw (talk) (review) 22:58, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Agree with Tompw about the colours, the DMU/EMU templates should be changed to match this one. Have also taken the liberty of adding non-breaking spaces, so that links do not appear across a line break. EdJogg 00:32, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I have implemented the redesign following no objections --Jorvik 09:37, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Change the colouring of the British Rail related templates to Rail Blue?
I was wondering if it would be a good idea to change the template's colour scheme to BR's Rail Blue (#0B4559) or a relevant variation thereof? The current wikipedia standard is acceptable, but a change may increase identifiablilty, whilst also (if done to all BR-related templates) unifying the templates under one theme. GARETHenterprises© 17:41, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

Class 41 warship
The template lists two class 41 articles, one for the HST prototype and one for the unbuilt class. What about the early warship design? They were withdrawn long before the 42s and never carried TOPS numbers. Some info and a picture are here (just under the Hymeks). Tom walker (talk) 08:46, 25 July 2010 (UTC)

 * The early Warship design were never assigned a TOPS class. According to the TOPS article BR was introduced to TOPS in a 1968 presentation, the five early Warships were withdrawn in late 1967. Therefore to call them class 41 is not accurate. 68.147.37.149 (talk) 06:04, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
 * See my reply to you at Talk:British Rail Class 41 (Warship Class). -- Red rose64 (talk) 21:29, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Pre TOPS numbers
Could somoene add the relavent info to the articles (which are mostly by TOPS number) giving the previous BR code.

eg BR Class 33 is linked to by D15/1 and D15/2, but there is no mention of this in the artilce. I didn't find an explanation in British Rail locomotive and multiple unit numbering and classification either. Sf5xeplus (talk) 20:19, 18 September 2010 (UTC)
 * These are not pre-TOPS numbers, but pre-TOPS classifications devised by the Eastern & North Eastern Regions. They are listed in most editions of the Ian Allan "abc of Diesel Locomotives" (and the Combined Volume near the end of the Diesel locos section) from about 1960 until 1968. From 1969, the table was dropped, and TOPS classifications were given at the head of each class; prior to 1959/60, only shunting locos were classified (codes begin "DY", "DJ" or "DEJ"); again, Ian Allan showed them at the head of each class.
 * The codes beginning "D" (and not DY, DJ or DEJ) were introduced some time between February 1959 and March 1960. For the BRCW Type 3, latterly known as Class 33, these classifications were D15/1 for the standard locos D6500-85), and D15/2 for the narrow-body locos D6586-97. The "15" prior to the stroke denoted a loco of engine power between 1500 and 1599 bhp; the "1" and "2" merely variants. These codes were superseded some time between September 1961 and August 1962 by codes which did not begin "D". These locos became 15/6 (standard) 15/6A (narrow); again, the "15" indicated the power range, but the "6" meant that the main contractor was BRCW, and the letter "A" indicates the variant. -- Red rose64 (talk) 21:03, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Supplementary: the initial TOPS classification was Class 33 for the unmodified locos (whether normal or narrow), and Class 34 for those push-pull fitted. By early 1970 these had been revised to 33/1 (normal), 33/2 (push-pull), 33/3 (narrow), before being revised again to the familiar 33/0 (normal), 33/1 (push-pull), 33/2 (narrow) round about the time of the start of TOPS renumbering (1973). -- Red rose64 (talk) 21:12, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

Steam locos
If this is a navigation guide to British railway locomotives built after nationalisation, where are all the steam locos, especially the BR standards? Murgatroyd49 (talk) 10:04, 12 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Template talk:British Rail Locomotives


text:
Dutch Low Saxon

Dutch Low Saxon (Nederlaands Leegsaksies or Nederlaands Nedersaksies; Nederlands Nedersaksisch) are the Low Saxon dialects of the Low German language that are spoken in the northeastern Netherlands and are written there with local, unstandardised orthographies based on Standard Dutch orthography.

The UNESCO Atlas of endangered languages lists the language as vulnerable. The percentage of speakers among parents dropped from 34% in 1995 to 15% in 2011. The percentage of speakers among their children dropped from 8% to 2% in the same period. According to a 2005 study 53% indicated to speak Low Saxon or Low Saxon and Dutch at home and 71% they could speak Low Saxon in the researched area, accounting for a total of 1.6 million speakers at home and 2.15 million total, ranging from 'reasonably' to 'very well' in terms of proficiency.

The Netherlands recognizes Dutch Low Saxon as a regional language under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

Classification
The classification of Dutch Low Saxon is not unanimous. From a diachronic point of view, the Dutch Low Saxon dialects merely are Westniederdeutsch, Northern Low Saxon in the case of Gronings, dialects native to areas in the Netherlands, as opposed to areas beyond the national border with Germany. Some Dutch Low Saxon dialects like Tweants show features of Westphalian, a Low German dialect spoken in adjacent Northern Germany.

From a strictly synchronic point of view, however, some linguists classify Dutch Low Saxon as belonging to the Dutch language area. Also, as a practical matter, Dutch Low Saxon, since the 17th century, has been influenced by Standard Dutch, but the Low Saxon dialects in Germany are influenced by Standard German. Recent studies have, however, shown that mutual intelligibility is not necessarily impaired and that the basis remains the same.

Use
Shortly after Second World War, linguists claimed that speaking a dialect other than the standard language would impair children's (language) learning abilities. In combination with a generally condescending attitude by the upper classes of Dutch society and the media towards speakers of Low Saxon varieties (or in fact anything different from Standard Dutch), that goaded many parents to stop passing the language on to their children. It also brought about a general opinion among speakers of Low Saxon that having the slightest accent, in Dutch, would reduce job opportunities and social status.

Throughout the 1960s, the language decline inspired many to form dialect preservation circles and groups, such as the Tweants Kreenk vuur de Twentse Sproake (Circle for the Twents language) or the Drèents Huus van de Taol (House of the Language). Many of them were mainly interested in preserving rather than promoting the language. The prevailing tone was one of melancholy and nostalgia. Their focus was often on preserving cultural traits considered typical to speakers of the language, such as rural life and traditional practices, crafts and costumes. That merely confirmed many of the existing stereotypes about speakers of the language.

Another tone was rather literary in nature. Though well-intended, it caused even more estrangement with younger generations.

At the same time, knowledge of and appreciation for related varieties was poor, which stifled cooperation between most of the dialect preservation groups. Instead of forming an organisation to stand together and help one another to improve the status for all the different varieties, fiery discussions arose about whether the long open or open-mid back rounded vowel (pronounced or, depending on the dialect) should be written as either 'oa' or 'ao'. That resulted in little co-operation and no nationwide coordination.

Other attempts to unite the different dialect circles were met with cynicism. The conception prevailed that the dialects were too different to unite.

In 1975, the rock 'n' roll band Normaal boldly shook all perceptions of Low Saxon and its speakers. Until then, Low Saxon was mostly restricted to traditional folklore music. Normaal openly denounced all Dutch disdain, praised farmers and local farm life and boldly used Achterhooks Low Saxon, voicing the opinion and feelings of many Dutchmen of non-Dutch-speaking origin. Their hit song "Oerend Hard", a song about two bikers who died in an accident, took the charts by storm, and it is now regarded a true evergreen of Dutch music. It quickly garnered them a large fan base, even in non-Low Saxon areas, such as Friesland and Limburg. They inspired many other young rock 'n' roll artists to sing in Low Saxon, who now form a subgenre of their own in the Dutch music industry, which is gradually becoming aware of the genre's commercial potential.

In 1996, Dutch Low Saxon was added to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Dutch provinces now receive minor funds for preserving and promoting the use of Low Saxon. A general rise in regional pride and appreciation for the Low Saxon identity made the earlier openly disdainful attitude towards Low Saxon seem to have subsided somewhat. Low Saxon is increasingly being used in popular culture, marketing, and local politics.

The Tweants municipality of Rijssen-Holten, for example, has officially adopted a bilingual status for their town hall desks, and customers may opt for Dutch or Low Saxon help.

In 2012, a radio presenter for national broadcasting station 3FM, Michiel Veenstra from Almelo, promised to present in Tweants for an hour if a Tweants song received more than €10,000 in the annual fundraising campaign Het Glazen Huis (The Glass House). As the song received more than €17,000, Veenstra kept his promise.

An increasing number of local political parties have used Low Saxon in their 2014 electoral campaigns. In 2014, a Facebook page called "Tukkers be like" gained more than 18,000 followers within a week. The page uses Twents cultural concepts and expressions in Twents. The idea of the page was based on the Internet meme "Bitches be like", which gained enormous popularity in 2013, and inspired many to create their own versions. The meme presents an image of a certain situation, to which a certain group would respond in a typical way.

Education
Dutch Low Saxon has long been stigmatised and kept out of schools. People of older generations may relate numerous accounts of their childhood in which contemporaries were afraid to go to school for fear of being reprimanded, or purposely ignored, for not speaking Dutch.

The similarities between the languages made Low Saxon be regarded a dialect of Dutch, and shifting from Low Saxon to Dutch would be relatively easy. Instead of adapting the school curriculum and guiding the children into learning Dutch as a second language and embracing the potential of the Low Saxon language, non-Dutch speaking parents were advised to speak Dutch with their children instead to increase their chances of success on the job market. The result was a string of Dutch dialects with Low Saxon features, which were also looked down upon.

As of 2014, Low Saxon is still not a part of the Dutch school curriculum. It is neither a subject nor a mode of communication. This causes a general lack of knowledge about, and appreciation for the language. Its possible role as a language of trade between the Netherlands and Germany is often dismissed, but a 2012 study indicates it may be a useful addition in international trade communications.

As of 2015, language enthusiasts attempt to start up courses for the language and culture, especially in the Tweante region. They are mostly studies aimed at the elderly but still prove to be very popular. There still is no professional attempt to promote the language into the school curriculum.

Probably the largest single body of work ever produced in Dutch Low Saxon is the Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia, begun in 2006 as a separate project from the German Low Saxon Wikipedia, which preceded it by three years.

Dutch influence
A lot of the dialects have been affected by the Hollandic expansion of the 17th century. All of them are lexically dependent on Dutch rather than German for neologisms. When written down, they use a Dutch-based orthography.

Several long vowel shifts happened in Veluws, Urkers, Sallaans, Stellingwarfs, Drèents and in some variants of Gronings; the change occurred as the Hollandic dialect rose in prestige during the 17th century. For example, the oe changed into uu. Tweants, Eastern Achterhooks and some variants of Gronings and Drents, by contrast, retained their old vowels. Compare the Tweants and Sallaans equivalents: hoes : huus ("house"). In many dialects, the oe sound was preserved in some words but changed to uu in others. As a result, in Sallaans house is huus, but mouse is moes (as in Tweants).

Dutch has lost the word doe "thou" and replaced it with jij, equivalent to English "ye", originally the second person plural. In many Low Saxon dialects in the Netherlands, the same happened. The doe : ie/ieje/ij isogloss runs close to the Dutch border, except in Groningen, where it enters the Dutch territory. In Twente, it is present in the easternmost villages of Denekamp and Oldenzaal, but its disappearance from the rest of the region is only a relatively recent development. In the Achterhoek (Gelderland), dou can be found in Winterswijk and Groenlo.

title: Dutch Low Saxon


text:
Platinum (quartet)

Platinum is a barbershop quartet, created in 1998 and the 2000 SPEBSQSA international quartet champions. They are famous for their long posts (held notes at the end of songs), particularly in their adaptation of the song Be Our Guest and in Clay Hine's arrangement of Auld Lang Syne, which is on Platinum's CD of the same name.

Connelly and DeRosa were also members of the 1992 international champion quartet Keepsake. Connelly won gold in 1987 with the quartet Interstate Rivals and again in 2011 with the quartet Old School. DeRosa and Lewis are the lead and baritone of the 2007 Champions, MaxQ. Kevin Miles has been a member of The Dapper Dans and has served as the Voice of Epcot Center, both at Walt Disney World.

Platinum was notable for scoring the most points for a single quartet's song in the history of the contest with their rendition of Cuddle Up A Little Closer, Lovey Mine, in which they scored 1438 points out of a possible 1500.

title: Platinum (quartet)


text:
Template:User ta-2

Note: If your browser does not properly display the Tamil script characters, please see Enabling complex text support for Indic scripts, linked here, for instructions on how to configure your computer.

title: Template:User ta-2


text:
Template:User ta-3

 * If your browser does not properly display the Tamil script characters, please see Enabling complex text support for Indic scripts, linked here, for instructions on how to configure your computer.

title: Template:User ta-3


text:
User:Thomas S. Major

THOMAS S. MAJOR IS AN ENGLISH SPEAKING MAN BUT WHO HAD TO STAY IN MACAU, HONGKONG, MEXICO, US, SPAIN, NETHERLANDS....FOR MANY, MANY REASONS....

I AM VERY HAPPY TO BE CONTRIBUTING TO WIKIPEDIA.

Tom

The ground of a certain rich man produced a good crop. He thought to himself, 'What shall I do? I have no place to store my crops.'

Then he said, 'This is what I'll do. I will tear down my barns and build bigger ones, and there I will store all my grain and my goods. And I'll say to myself, "You have plenty of good things laid up for many years. Take life easy; eat, drink and be merry." '

But God said to him, 'You fool! This very night your life will be demanded from you. Then who will get what you have prepared for yourself?'

This is how it will be with anyone who stores up things for himself but is not rich toward God.

title: User:Thomas S. Major


text:
User talk:FallApart

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

title: User talk:FallApart


text:
Cobra (Chinese band)

Cobra (traditional Chinese: 眼鏡蛇樂隊; simplified Chinese: 眼镜蛇乐队; pinyin: Yǎnjìngshé yuèduì) was an all-female rock band from Beijing, China. The band formed in 1989, becoming the first all-female rock band in mainland China. With only one album out, they disbanded in the late 1990s. Their style was a gloomy, bluesy type of hard rock with slight touches of new wave and alternative metal. Cobra was very popular in the beginning of their career.

Group members included Yang Ying, Yu Jin, Wang Xiaofang, and Xiao Nan. Additional members that were in the band included Lin Xue and Suo Yi.

Career
Cobra was founded in the spring of 1989 by four female musicians in Beijing. It was initially a cover band that played popular Chinese folk songs and English-language pop rock songs. Cobra saw the start of their popularity when they appeared at the "Concert of Modern Music" event in 1990. They soon released a single, "My own Paradise" in 1992 which appeared in a compilation album called Rocking Beijing.

In 1992, one of the early members, Yang Ying, left Cobra. That same year, the band recruited Suo Yi and Lin Xue (Lin Xue would later leave Cobra in 1999).

In 1994, Cobra released their first album titled Hypocrisy and released their second album, Cobra II, in 2000. The band soon after disbanded in late 2000, citing the nascent nature of the Chinese rock scene, where chances for better financial rewards and artistic acclaim were few.

Reception
Due to the uniqueness of Cobra being an all-female Chinese rock band, they received significant attention not only from Chinese media but also in Western circles. Some western commentators viewed the band as a progressive force for Chinese feminism.

Discography

 * 1994 - First released as Hypocrisy (Germany 1994, USA 1996) republished as Yanjingshe (China 1996)
 * 2000 - Cobra - Yangjingshe II  (China)

title: Cobra (Chinese band)


text:
Robin Smith (cricketer)

Robin Arnold Smith (born 13 September 1963) is an English former cricketer. He was a part of the English squad which finished as runners-up at the 1992 Cricket World Cup.

Smith was nicknamed Judge or Judgie for his resemblance to a judge when he grew his hair long. Like his older brother Chris, he was unable to play for the country of his birth because of the exclusion of the apartheid regime from international cricket, but because he had British parents he qualified to play for England.

He played for England in eleven home test series and on six overseas tours from 1988 to 1996. Smith was best known for his abilities against fast bowling, with what was regarded as a trademark square-cut that was hit ferociously. He trained to be a psychologist.

County career
In county cricket, Smith played for Hampshire, captaining them from 1998 to 2002, before retiring from first-class cricket in 2003. He helped Hampshire to win the Benson and Hedges Cup in 1988 and 1992, and the NatWest Trophy in 1991, winning the man of the match award in the last two finals.

Until Kevin Pietersen (another English cricketer born in South Africa) was signed by Hampshire from Nottinghamshire in 2005, Smith was Hampshire's most successful England batsman since C. B. Fry.

Early days
Smith was born in Durban, South Africa completing his high school education at Northwood School. The School honoured his career achievements by naming the 1st team cricket oval after him. In his first Test at Headingley in 1988, he shared a century partnership with fellow South African-born batsman Allan Lamb. This was one of very few century partnerships for England during the series against the firepower of the West Indies fast bowlers. The following summer, 1989, Smith was the only successful England batsman in the Ashes series making two centuries. In his second hundred at Trent Bridge, he arrived with England already three wickets down chasing 600, and played some powerful shots – particularly off Mervyn Hughes whose bowling figures were, at one point 4–0–38–0.

Prominence
His highest test score, 175 against the West Indies in Antigua, was made as England replied to Brian Lara's record-breaking innings of 375. Despite his domination of fast, aggressive bowling, Smith suffered from a well-publicised vulnerability to slower bowlers. Although as ever he performed well against the opposition fast bowlers, his struggles against spin first came to prominence when he struggled against Mushtaq Ahmed in the 1992 test series against Pakistan and, then again in England's tour of India the following winter. In the one-off test against Sri Lanka that followed, he was promoted to open the batting so that he would face less spin bowling, and scored a century, his first test century overseas (all of his other test centuries to that point had come in England). Smith's most well-documented problems against spin, like many batsmen of his generation, came against Shane Warne who caused him significant problems in the 1993 Ashes.

Smith was one of England's most courageous players. He was targeted by the West Indies at Antigua in 1989–90 with fast short pitched bowling giving him no room for his favourite shots. During that innings, he was hit on the finger (subsequently diagnosed as broken) and hit flush on the jaw by a bouncer from Courtney Walsh – but neither blow forced him to retire hurt (although he did retire hurt in the second innings of the match).

Smith was part of England's Cricket world cup squad in 1992. He scored 167 not out for England against Australia in the 1993 Texaco Trophy at Edgbaston, when Australia won by six wickets. This was the highest score made by an England batsman in an ODI (until Alex Hales scored 171 against Pakistan in 2016), and was the highest score made by any batsman who finished on the losing side in such a game (until Charles Coventry scored 194 against Bangladesh in a losing cause).

Although he had mixed fortunes in terms of individual performance in test matches against Australia, the fortunes of his team in those matches varied strikingly little: England did not win any of the 15 test matches in which he appeared against Australia.

Later career
Despite this, when Smith was dropped from the England team it was popularly perceived as premature, particularly given his Test batting average of over 43. Backing this up is the ICC's historical rankings of Test batsmen, which placed Smith as the 77th greatest batsman in history, and 17th greatest Englishman (ahead of others such as Alec Stewart and Mike Atherton).

In 1994, before Smith scored 175 in the fifth and final Test against the West Indies, he was accused by the then England coach Keith Fletcher of "having too many fingers in too many pies."

Post-cricket
After retiring from county cricket at the end of the 2003 season, Smith relocated to Australia to help run helmet manufacturer Masuri. After suffering from mental health problems and anxiety, he currently works for his brother's clothing company and runs his own cricket coaching academy. Smith is also studying for a degree in psychological science at Swinburne University, Melbourne.

title: Robin Smith (cricketer)


text:
User:Sjakkalle/Ifd

 * Image:Bogo-Indian.png
 * Image:Chess after e4 e6 d4 d5.png
 * Image:French defence pawn formation.png
 * Image:Classical French after 9.Bd3.png
 * Image:Tarrasch Teichmann after 15 moves.png
 * Image:Winawer French after 6.bxc3.png
 * Image:Chess_openings_Sicilian.png
 * Image:Chess_openings_Dragon.png
 * Image:Chess_openings_Najdorf.png
 * Image:Alekhine's_defence.png
 * Image:Dutch Defence.png
 * Image:Benko gambit.png
 * Image:Chess_openings_Caro_Kann.png

title: User:Sjakkalle/Ifd


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Nirodbaran

Nirodbaran (17 November 1903 – 17 July 2006, Pondicherry) or "Nirod" for short, was the personal physician and scribe of Sri Aurobindo, and senior member of the Sri Aurobindo Ashram.

Life
He graduated from the University of Edinburgh with a degree in medicine. He was told about Sri Aurobindo and The Mother by Dilip Kumar Roy while in Paris. In 1930 he visited the Ashram and met the Mother. He then spent 2 or 3 years practising medicine in Burma, but this work failed to satisfy him. He returned to the Ashram with the intention of practising Yoga, and took up work as the resident doctor. He found to his surprise that poetry was one of the vocations taken up by some of the disciples. As Sri Aurobindo had already withdrawn from the public life of the ashram, he communicated with and instructed the sadhaks via letters, and Nirodbaran entered into a voluminous correspondence with Sri Aurobindo (receiving about 4000 letters), who encouraged and guided his attempts at poetry. He published a collection of his poems as Blossom of the Sun and 50 poems by Nirodbaran, which were revised and commented on by Sri Aurobindo.

In November 1938 Sri Aurobindo broke his leg and as a physician Nirodbaran was one of the disciples with medical knowledge who attend him while he recuperated.

Later he had published Talks with Sri Aurobindo (3 volumes), Correspondence with Sri Aurobindo (2 volumes), and his memoir 12 years with Sri Aurobindo, as well as various volumes of poetry and other writings.

Nirodbaran died peacefully on the evening of 17 July 2006 at the Ashram Nursing Home in Pondicherry. He was 102. He was buried at the Ashram's Cazanove Gardens the next day.

title: Nirodbaran


text:
Talk:Wiener Neustadt

As well as minor edits, I've heavily revised the following two paragraphs from the History section:

"During World War II Wiener Neustadt was the hardest hit austrian city in terms of bombings, about 80% of the city was destroyed, thousands of people died due to american bombing.

"In 1946, in order to recunstruct the city following destruction by bombs in World War II, the city administration called upon the population to participate in the effort on a volunatary basis, as thousands of tons of debris had to be removed. In 1955, when Austria regained its full independence from allied control in the Austrian State Treaty, most of the repair work in the most heavily destroyed city of Austria had been completed"

This is because of repetitions (hardest hit, most heavily destroyed) spelling errors and style points. I'm also not sure of the role of ordinary people in the reconstruction effort, so I've taken it out.

I've removed mention of an Austrian Flight Week, because there's no evidence of it in Google.

I can also find no description of the catwalk by a Japanese designer referred to in the article. Can anyone help with this? --Motmot 11:07, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

1. everybody in wiener neustadt had the duty to do reconstruction work after WW2 which was forced by some kind of law 2. The Austrian Flight week has taken place in 1911 (when my memory is correct) there is evidence in the technical museum of vienna and in the museum of Wiener Neustadt (google is not everything) 3. I´ve actually been on this catwalk (plese excuse my spelling) Dr. Iceman

 * this link (in German) mentions the flight week, which took place from Oct 1st till Oct 8th, 1911 --Heraklitcnl (talk) 09:46, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

Hungarian Name
What's the reason for giving the Hungarian name of the city? Wiener Neustadt was never within the Hungarian territory (only occupied by Corvinus for 3 years) nor is it in a bilinqual district of Austria. Therefore I would suggest to cancel this. --Heraklitcnl (talk) 09:23, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

 * There has been no answer in the last year, so I deleted the different foreign names. Wr. Neustadt never has been in a multilingual part of Austria. Anyone who wants to undo this edit, should explain the reason. --Heraklitcnl (talk) 09:58, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
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 * Austria Lower Austria location map.svg

title: Talk:Wiener Neustadt


text:
Josef Gočár

Josef Gočár (13 March 1880 in Semín – 10 September 1945 in Jičín) was a Czech architect. He was one of the founders of modern architecture in Czech Republic.

Life
Josef Gočár received his early instruction at the State Technical School in Prague. At the age of 23 he went to study under Jan Kotěra at the School of Applied Arts in Prague (UPŠ). For two years afterward, 1906–1908, Gočár was employed by Kotěra's studio. At that time he decided to join the Mánes Union of Fine Arts, but left it in 1911 to join the Cubist Group of Visual Artists. Gočár joined Pavel Janák, Josef Chochol and Odolen Grégr in founding the Prague Art Workshops in 1912. In 1924, following the death of Kotěra, Gočár became a professor at the Prague Academy of Fine Arts.

After his involvement in cubism, Gočár turned to "national" Czech Rondocubism style in the early 1920s. Later on he adopted the Functionalist approach to architecture. Among his greatest accomplishments is the Czechoslovak Pavilion for the 1925 Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes in Paris. He was awarded the Grand Prize for that design. In 1926 Gočár was awarded the Ordre de la Légion d'honneur.

Works

 * Wenke Department Store, Jaroměř, (1909–1911)
 * House of the Black Madonna, Prague's Old Town (1911–1912)
 * Bauer villa, Libodřice, (1912–1913)
 * Remodeling of the head office of Anglo-Czechoslovak Bank in Prague and new branch buildings in Hradec Králové, Ostrava and Pardubice
 * Dům Zemědělské osvěty, Vinohrady, Prague, 1924–1926
 * Saint Wenceslas Church, Vršovice, Prague, 1929–1930
 * A 10-year period of town planning and building design for Hradec Králové where a large street still bears his name today.

title: Josef Gočár


text:
Sub-bass

Sub-bass sounds are the deep, low-register pitches below approximately 70 Hz (C♯2 in scientific pitch notation) and extending downward to include the lowest frequency humans can hear, approximately 20 Hz (E0).

In this range, human hearing is less sensitive, so these notes tend to be felt more than heard. The low E-string on a bass guitar is usually tuned to 41.2 Hz, while the lowest note on a standard piano is A at 27.5 Hz. Sound reinforcement systems and PA systems often use one or more subwoofer loudspeakers to amplify sounds in the sub-bass range. Sounds below sub-bass are infrasound.

Hearing and usage
20 Hz is considered the normal low-frequency limit of human hearing. When pure sine waves are reproduced under ideal conditions and at very high decibels, a human listener will be able to identify tones as low as 12 Hz (G–1). Audio tracks known as bass tests use sub-bass frequencies which are used to test or to demonstrate the capabilities of audio equipment. High-end subwoofers can accurately reproduce sound to about 18 Hz ±2 dB.

Sub-bass energy is popular in dance music, where the low frequencies involve energy from the kick drum (bass drum), the bass guitar and electronic synthesizers and drum machines. Particular genres such as house music, drum and bass and dubstep often feature a bassline that consists mainly of sub-bass frequencies. Much experimental music uses sub-bass, in particular drone music, where the majority of the sound can often be in the sub-bass range. Often, hip hop and rap songs feature prevalent sub-bass. The pedal keyboard range on pipe organs also often extends into the sub-bass range; the bottom note of a 16′ stop is typically tuned to 32 Hz (C1), a 32′ stop at 16 Hz (C0).

title: Sub-bass


text:
Talk:Characters of the Street Fighter series

What a Neglected Article
When is the last time someone even cared about this page? Twelve's info is blank, while many characters don't have bios, just a link to their main page. Some one needs to help this article. The Red Guy (talk) 12:37, 20 December 2008

Merge discussions
Same deal as Talk:List of Mortal Kombat characters. Without commentary, mark into the below sections whether you support or oppose a character article's existence so we can get an idea of possible consensus on notability and deal with what may not be notable.

Blanka

Support--Kung Fu Man (talk) 22:53, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 23:01, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 19:49, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Dee Jay

Support - This one was actually AFD'ed a couple years back. I think the arguments for keeping the article hold up. He's received a lot of academic coverage, thanks to being one of the first "black" characters in fighting games. MoonJet (talk) 21:35, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Merge - While I am sympathetic to the fact that he is a rare black character from the early days of fighting games, simple mentions of that still don't fall under SIGCOV. There seems to have been a "pat ourselves on the back and walk away" when a single sentence or two was found during the AfD, despite the article still having a dearth of substantive reception, my arguments during the AfD still stand and were backed up by many. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 22:32, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - Found some sigcov of Dee Jay. - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 19:46, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Dhalsim

Unclear/leaning merge His coverage in mainstream gaming press is nearly nonexistent, but there seem to be scholarly papers talking about him as an ethnic stereotype. There could be an article there but I support a merge until the papers are accessed and expanded on. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 23:00, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support Frequent mention in articles about his role as a stereotype, and comparisons to Master of the Flying Guillotine character.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 19:11, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 19:49, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 22:52, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Elena

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 16:22, 5 May 2023 (UTC)

F.A.N.G.

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 23:01, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Oppose QuicoleJR (talk) 00:13, 1 May 2023 (UTC)

Support - That Destructoid source is quite impressive, and seems to have attracted attention from the eSports scene. MoonJet (talk) 07:16, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Support--Kung Fu Man (talk) 00:30, 6 May 2023 (UTC)

Fei Long

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 23:01, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Ibuki

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Juri

Support--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:42, 5 May 2023 (UTC)

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 18:11, 5 May 2023 (UTC)

Karin

Makoto

Oppose GlatorNator (ᴛ) 09:43, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 02:31, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

Support--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:36, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Sakura Kasugano

Seth

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 09:26, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Merge - There is some SICGOV, but not enough for the character to pass WP:GNG. A merge is merited. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 22:27, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Weak Merge GlatorNator (ᴛ) 23:01, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

T. Hawk

Support, found some sigcov on T. Hawk. - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 19:44, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Support--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:42, 5 May 2023 (UTC)

Urien

Vega

Oppose GlatorNator (ᴛ) 09:43, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - Vega, just like everyone else from Street Fighter II's roster, should be an almost guaranteed keep. Den of Geek has a lengthy article on him, going into his history and giving some critical analyses. And while I don't have access to the whole thing, and its in Spanish, this book discusses him too. Plus, I'm adding some benefit of the doubt that he has more, since this is a Street Fighter II character we're talking about here. MoonJet (talk) 22:30, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Merge Per GlatorNator. If one piece of significant coverage was enough to save an article, then we'd not be worrying about this in the first place. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 22:49, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support He is covered in papers regarding latinos, and I feel a decent reception section should be possible. Might be one I mess with directly down the road.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 22:53, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 19:49, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Closed discussions as merged
Charlie Nash

Oro

Oppose GlatorNator (ᴛ) 09:43, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Oppose--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:36, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Rose

Closed discussions as kept
Akuma

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 09:26, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep He just barely squeaks by. (Undisputed Street Fighter p. 244-246) ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 13:34, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep Akuma easily makes notability, even if you separate him from the Sheng Long joke.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:36, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Balrog

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 10:33, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep Multiple discussions about being a black stereotype, had a fan film done about him with reactions, and Tyson's own reactions to the character.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:36, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 23:01, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Cammy

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 09:26, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:36, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 23:01, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Chun-Li

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 09:26, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep Arguably one of the single most famous Street Fighter characters. GNG passed easily. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 15:47, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep Easily notable.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:36, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Dan Hibiki

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 09:26, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep Easily notable.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:36, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep An eminently well known joke character who is notorious for parodying a rival fighting game. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 22:41, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

E. Honda

Support While one of the harder characters to find info on (thank you car companies), I do feel it meets notability and SIGCOV.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 19:11, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 19:49, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Support - This is much better than before. A definite keep now. MoonJet (talk) 22:42, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 22:52, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Guile

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 09:52, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 23:01, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support Kung Fu Man (talk) 20:09, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Ken Masters

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 09:26, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep This one is also obvious. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 13:34, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep Many of the same sources mentioning Ryu will mention Ken.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:36, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Laura Matsuda

Support - Laura has received a ton of academic coverage (including a full document about her), and sources critiquing her sex appeal. MoonJet (talk) 21:35, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support--Kung Fu Man (talk) 22:53, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 23:01, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 19:49, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Ryu

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 09:26, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep I think this one is obvious. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 13:34, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep Easily.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:31, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

M. Bison

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 09:26, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 23:01, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support--Kung Fu Man (talk) 23:14, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

R. Mika

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 09:26, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - her design elicited a lot of coverage. Sergecross73  msg me  13:32, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 23:01, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Rufus

Merge Sourcing is rather poor. Became a GA in 2009 when standards for fictional inclusion were very low. Clearly fails GNG. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 15:35, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Keep Article has standalone statements covering his design. While some of the sourcing could be better, he's still getting reactions and has three papers listed in his article, with another I need to get access to.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:31, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 19:49, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 22:52, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Sagat

Keep I've run across plenty of discussion about him, and articles discussing him inspiring real life fighters.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:31, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 23:01, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 19:40, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Zangief

Support - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 09:26, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support --Kung Fu Man (talk) 18:32, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support - MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Support GlatorNator (ᴛ) 23:01, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Discussion
Well, the reason I wanna have support is so that we also can quantify "oh like 10 people supported and one opposed." It's mainly just for convenience to know where we land. I still need to look into some of the articles, I mainly put a Support in ones where I know are notable. - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 09:45, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

I'm gonna boldly merge Makoto as the person who made the article, having not found good sources for her in a recent search. - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 10:45, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Your choice, Oro (Street Fighter) should probably be merge also. You should have closed the Mortal Kombat discussion since most of them are probably notable (anyway, I'm still 50/50 on Kenshi (Mortal Kombat)). GlatorNator  (ᴛ) 10:57, 30 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I haven't looked into Oro, gonna look into him soon. - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 11:02, 30 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I can probably go through and tidy up Rufus once I'm done with Sarah, I want to try and get her to C or GAN ready first. There's another paper I can cite in his article once I get access to it. I support just merging Oro and Makoto, most SF3 characters as a whole just fail notability.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:50, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

I just added support votes on the ones are slam-dunk keeps for me. I may add explanation to some of them later. MoonJet (talk) 21:07, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

I opted to speedily mark anything that has four open supports and no opposes as kept, as even if four people materialized to oppose, it would just be no consensus. - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 22:57, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

I've started going through and cleaning out Niemti's garbage from some of the articles, specifically Balrog (Street Fighter), E. Honda, Vega (Street Fighter), and Zangief. Honda I *feel* like there are more references out there in magazines, but a huge problem I'm facing is that "Street Fighter" Honda in a search result turns up thousands of entries on IA due to the vehicle company. There are three papers that can be cited in that article however, and that last source was pretty big. This here may also be useful as a source across the board: it's in spanish, but they give detailed reactions on their favorite characters and favorite aspects, which should be citeable.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 06:10, 1 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Lmao. Despite being notable, look at Zangief current reception tho. I think WP:TNT might apply. GlatorNator  (ᴛ) 07:46, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm actually hoping this gets people to actually do research. I doubt it though, wikipedia's lost so many editors. One thing that might help is to proliferate reception from Den of Geek's ranking across everything (apparently except Zangief because they...didn't really say much there out of all the characters?). Also this is probably going to be a surprise Glator (it was for me), but while looking up this stuff...I'm finding sources for Sodom. I hate to say it but he might be barely notable. Definitely nothing in scholar sadly, but still a lot of sites seem to like the weeb.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 07:53, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Work only on the articles that you're interested KFM. :) GlatorNator  (ᴛ) 09:49, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Anyway I think T. Hawk and Rose (Street Fighter) should be also boldly merge. Zero commentary. GlatorNator  (ᴛ) 12:40, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I cleaned out T. Hawk, but in a quick google search I've found two sources of reception, one positive one negative, both discussing him, due to him being the first native american in a game like this apparently? Also I would hold off merging Zangief. Me cleaning out the dud sources is more meant to help folks, not try to get these killed.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 13:12, 1 May 2023 (UTC)

Sorry for the mass ping, but went through and rebuilt the development section for E. Honda, but also rewrote his entire reception section. I feel this passes SIGCOV now especially with a whole book chapter dedicated to him and Zangief, but wanted to run it by the group also.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 19:10, 2 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Article is looking much better than before, well done. Before it was cleaned up, I knew it will be notable. GlatorNator  (ᴛ) 22:54, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Well I cleaned out Ibuki and I'll be frank, the prognosis is really freaking bad. Even some of the magazine references were massive reaches. There's meat there...but just not a lot of people talking about it. Or making weird throwaway jokes about being horny for a schoolgirl.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 04:40, 3 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Spent the day digging through sources, but Makoto's character reception has been fully redone and should pass notability. There are two papers too discussing her design and martial arts, but they're in spanish so harder to translate. But given the comments about her "overwhelming popularity", I figured there had to be something to her.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 02:37, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I noticed you removed most of the reception sources on Charlie. I would like to note he was in AFD a couple years back with a consensus for a keep. I would also like to note that some of the sources listed in the AFD were not incorporated into the article (granted, some of them seemed to be routine announcements too). Since keeping the article is the current consensus, I think we should be searching if he has more good sources before agreeing to a merge. Great job on Makoto, by the way. MoonJet (talk) 04:39, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Yeah I'll take a gander at them later on, there's at least a few articles there to add some body to it, though I will admit Moon it may not be enough of a section even with that, that's part of the problem. The main problem with a lot of these is that so many are infested with references that either add nothing or just don't say what they claim to, which to be frank if we're going to fix up any of these, carving out the cancer so we can properly work on them is the best move to start on these. Ibuki's got me worried a bit because frankly there's just nothing there. Even the freaking Mary Sue article that gushed about Makoto barely spoke about her, speaking about all the other characters they discussed far more. I don't get it.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 04:54, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Merged Charlie. What sources were there...just aren't saying anything. Even the Den of Geek massive article is just a character history for him and doesn't say or add anything outside of what other sources all joke: "Charlie Dies At The End". There's no meat on that bone for him as a character himself.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 17:55, 5 May 2023 (UTC)

I know Kung Fu Man pinged me on 5/3 but sorry for my lack of input in the discussion. I admittedly don't know as much about SF as I do about MK, but for what it's worth I would have voted support on the articles voted as kept. I also didn't realize the vote had taken place back on 4/30. sixty nine  • whaddya want? •  15:57, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Just so you know, any articles closed as keep aren't official, it's mainly just to streamline things. You can add support or opposition to the kept or merged articles, and in fact it'd be helpful if only because it'd provide additional perspectives or strengthening of the (apparent) consensus. - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 16:08, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Ok, I’ll do that. :) Unfortunately I had a rough weekend (Weds. and Thurs.) physically, so I didn’t get much done on here as a whole. I appreciate you folks seeking my input on these issues. sixty nine   • whaddya want? •  20:27, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Yeah I didn't realize you weren't tagged into these until later, so it's all good beemer. I think with so many people pinged it slipped through so no offense meant.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 16:15, 5 May 2023 (UTC)

Ibuki Article?
What happened to the standalone Ibuki article? It makes ZERO sense that Makoto, someone who hasn't appeared in any media without Ibuki also being present, has her own article but Ibuki doesn't get her own? Ibuki literally had her own game called Tamaya (look it up) and also Ibuki was one of four SF representatives in the card game Universus. 2001:579:8448:350:D9EE:E0E2:6CCA:160E (talk) 02:19, 21 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Simply appearing in more works isn't enough to get an article. In attempting to make an Ibuki article, myself and another article couldn't come up with enough significant coverage of her. When we worked on Makoto's article, we didn't have that issue. - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 03:10, 21 May 2024 (UTC)

I remember seeing the article a while ago. There was quite a bit that wasn't mentioned that could have been. Like the aforementioned Tamaya, a game Capcom made due to the popularity of her SFV V-Trigger 1 where 4 Ibuki's try and steal bombs. And the aforementioned Universus crossover where she, Viper, Akuma and Bison represented the SF universe. Both are rarities as SF chars usually do not get their own games or often cross over without a certain guy wearing white or a certain overrated woman wearing blue being there. Ibuki also got spot 25 out of all SF characters when Capcom did a pole asking who they should make Funko Pop figures out of. Notably out pacing some like M. Bison. I will admit I can't do a whole article on her but I could provide information. 65.155.47.62 (talk) 04:10, 21 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Well that's the thing of it, none of that actually goes towards establishing notability. WP:N states that notability is achieved through significant commentary in secondary sources. Appearances in games or paid merchandise would not apply. - Cukie Gherkin (talk) 04:35, 21 May 2024 (UTC)


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File:Referendum ballots.jpg

Ballots for the referendum. Personal scan performed by myself the day these images were uploaded.

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Filip Lundberg

Ernst Filip Oskar Lundberg (2 June 1876 – 31 December 1965) Swedish actuary, and mathematician. Lundberg is one of the founders of mathematical risk theory and worked as managing director of several insurance companies.

According to Harald Cramér, "Filip Lundberg's works on risk theory were all written at a time when no general theory of stochastic processes existed, and when collective reinsurance methods, in the present sense of the word, were entirely unknown to insurance companies. In both respects his ideas were far ahead of their time, and his works deserve to be generally recognized as pioneering works of fundamental importance."

Biography
Born in 1876, Filip Lundberg's father, Philip Lundberg, was a school teacher in mathematics who died just three months after Lundberg was born. Filip's first ambition was to follow his father's career in mathematics. He studied mathematics at the University of Uppsala, graduating in 1896 and receiving his Licentiate in 1898. However, instead of becoming a teacher, Filip joined a newly founded insurance company. In 1903, Lundberg went on to defend his doctoral thesis on the probability and collective risk. He soon moved to a second company where he was appointed actuary and, at the age of 28, became its managing director. From 1904 to the 1930s, Lundberg's activities were divided between his everyday life and trying to understand the relationship between the concepts 'collective' and 'risk'. Lundberg's results are described in his academic publications between the years 1909 and 1930. His major works on the ruin problem were published in 1926 and 1928. From 1910 on, he was a leading voice in debates about the life insurance industry and a prolific writer and debater. Lundberg advocated a cautious approach to the insurance business which emphasized consolidation before expansion. Lundberg went on to become a leader of the industry, managing other companies, serving as chairman of the Association of Swedish Life Insurance Companies for ten years, and sitting on government committees on insurance. Filip Lundberg left his last position within Swedish insurance, as chairman of the board of Eir, in the same year that his collective risk theory was definitively clarified. Filip Lundberg died in 1965.

Work
In parallel to his business career, Lundberg worked on a theory of collective risk. In 1903, he finished his doctoral thesis, Approximations of the Probability Function/Reinsurance of Collective Risks. This introduced the compound Poisson process and involved work on the central limit theorem. Cramér writes that the thesis has a reputation for being impossible to understand but, that looked at now, "one cannot help being struck by his ability to deal intuitively with concepts and methods that would have to wait another thirty years before being put on a rigorous foundation." Cramér mentions later work by Andrey Kolmogorov and William Feller but it was Cramér himself who developed Lundberg's ideas on risk and linked them to the emerging theory of stochastic processes.

Focardi & Fabozzi describes Lundberg's thesis as a milestone in actuarial mathematics. It was the first to define a collective theory of risk and to apply a sophisticated probabilistic formulation to the insurance ruin problem. Lundberg’s work anticipated many future developments of probability theory, including what was later to be known as the theory of point processes. Lundberg's theory, together with that of French mathematician Louis Bachelier, was ahead of its time and inspired the subsequent development of probability theory. But the type of mathematics implied by his work could not be employed completely until the development of digital computers.

Because he published many of his major works in Swedish, Lundberg's work went unnoticed by the actuarial community for nearly 30 years. However, eventually Lundberg's ideas became known largely through the work of Cramér and his students. Although Lundberg published some work in German, the international scientific language of the time, Lundberg's thesis and most of his subsequent writings were in Swedish. His mathematical language did not travel easily, either.

Discussions

 * K. Englund and A. Martin-Löf (2001) Ernst Filip Oskar Lundberg, Statisticians of the Centuries (ed. C. C. Heyde and E. Seneta) pp. 308–311. New York: Springer.
 * Focardi, Sergio M. & Fabozzi, Frank J. (2004). The Mathematics of Financial Modeling and Investment Management, pp. 80–81. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
 * Å. Grenholm et al. (1969). Filip Lundberg: Förgrundsman i svensk livförsäkring.
 * Å. Grenholm et al. (1969). Filip Lundberg: Förgrundsman i svensk livförsäkring.

title: Filip Lundberg


text: User talk:24.1.184.179

title: User talk:24.1.184.179