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Liudolf, Duke of Saxony

Liudolf (c. 805/820 – 11/12 March 866) was a Carolingian office bearer and count in the Duchy of Saxony from about 844 until his death in 866. The ruling Liudolfing house, also known as the Ottonian dynasty, is named after him; he is its oldest verified member.

Life
Liudolf was the son of a margrave (Markgraf) Bruno and his wife, Gisla. Liudolf had extended possessions in the western Harz foothills and on the Leine river, he also served as a military leader (dux) in the wars of the East Frankish king Louis the German against Viking invasions, and the Polabian Slavs. Later authors called Liudolf a Duke of the Eastern Saxons (dux Orientalis Saxonum, probably since 850) and Count of Eastphalia.

About 830 Liudolf married Oda, daughter of a Frankish princeps named Billung and his wife Aeda. By marrying a Frankish nobleman's daughter, Liudolf followed suggestions set forth by Charlemagne about ensuring the integrity of the Carolingian Empire in the aftermath of the Saxon Wars through marriage. Oda died on 17 May 913, supposedly at the age of 107. They had at least seven children:
 * Bruno (c. 830/840 – 880), succeeded his father as a Saxon leader, supposed progenitor of the Brunonids
 * Oda of Saxony (c. 845 – 874), married to Lothar I, Count of Stade
 * Otto the Illustrious (c. 851 – 912), succeeded his brother in 880, father of King Henry the Fowler
 * Liutgard (c. 840 – 885), married the East Frankish ruler Louis the Younger, second son of King Louis the German, in 874
 * Hathumoda (c. 840 – 874), first Abbess of Brunshausen from 852
 * Gerberga (d. 896/897), Abbess of Brunshausen from 874 and later of Gandersheim
 * Christina (d. 919/920), Abbess of Gandersheim from 896/97

In 845/846, Liudolf and his wife went on a pilgrimage to Rome, and upon approval by Pope Sergius II they founded a house of holy canonesses dedicated to Pope Saints Anastasius and Innocent around 852. The monastery, duly established at their proprietary church in Brunshausen, was consecrated by the Hildesheim bishop Altfrid and Liudolf's minor daughter Hathumoda became its first abbess. The convent was relocated in 881 to form Gandersheim Abbey, elevated to an Imperial monastery by Liudolf's grandson Henry the Fowler in 919.

While King Louis the German was preoccupied with Imperial politics, Liudolf, relying on the rank as well as the allodial lands he had inherited from his ancestors, rose to a leading position among the Saxon nobles – made evident by the marriage of his daughter Liutgard with King Louis the Younger. He is buried in his proprietary monastery of Brunshausen. His successions by his sons Bruno and Otto met with no resistance.

title: Liudolf, Duke of Saxony


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Pacific saury

The Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) is species of fish in the family Scomberesocidae. Saury is a seafood in several East Asian cuisines and is also known by the name mackerel pike.

Biology
Saury is a fish with a small mouth, an elongated body, a series of small finlets between the dorsal and anal fins, and a small forked tail. The fish's color is dark green to blue on the dorsal surface, silvery below, and there are small, bright blue blotches distributed randomly on the sides.

It is typically about 25-30 cm long when caught, but it can grow up to 40 cm long and about 180 grams when caught in the autumn. The life expectancy of Saury is approximately four years old. Saury is a pelagic fish typically found and harvested close to the surface, but it can also be found down to depths of up to 230 m. When saury is escaping from predators, it floats on the surface and is similar to other fishes within the genus.

These pelagic schooling fish are found in the North Pacific, from China, Korea and Japan eastward to the Gulf of Alaska and southward to subtropical Mexico, preferring temperatures around 15 – 18 °C. Pacific saury is usually found near the surface (though they may have a depth range of 0 – 230 m).

The Pacific saury is a highly migratory species. Adults are generally found offshore, near the surface of the ocean, in schools. Juveniles associate with drifting seaweed. Pacific saury are oviparous. Eggs are attached to floating objects, such as seaweed, via filaments on the shell surface.

The saury feeds on zooplankton, such as copepods, krill, amphipods, and the eggs and larvae of common fish, such as anchovies, due to their lack of stomach, and their short straight intestines. The internal organs of the saury may contain small, red, earthworm-like parasites named Rhadinorhynchus selkirki; these are harmless.

A few of the natural predators of Pacific saury include marine mammals, squid and tuna.

Saury oil contains considerable levels of n-3 unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFA) with aliphatic tails longer than 18 carbons.

Japan

Pacific saury is known as sanma (さんま/サンマ) or saira (さいら/サイラ) in Japanese. Saira is the fish's local name in the Kii Peninsula region of Japan. The kanji used in the Japanese name of the fish (秋刀魚) literally translates as "autumn knife fish," as its body shape resembles a katana.

Saury is one of the most prominent seasonal foods representing autumn in Japanese cuisine. It is most commonly served salted and grilled (broiled) whole, garnished with daikon oroshi (grated daikon) and served alongside a bowl of rice and a bowl of miso soup. Other condiments may include soy sauce, sudachi, lime, lemon, or other citrus juices. The intestines are bitter, but many people choose not to gut the fish, as many say its bitterness, balanced by the condiments, is part of the enjoyment.

It also has many small bones, though not as many as sardines. Saury festivals are held in various parts of Japan (for example, Meguro Sanma).

Sanma sashimi is becoming increasingly available but is not common. Although rarely used for sushi, sanma-zushi is a regional delicacy along parts of the Kii Peninsula, especially along the coast of southern Mie Prefecture. It is prepared by pickling the saury in salt and vinegar (depending on the region, bitter orange or citron vinegar may be used), and then placing it on top of vinegared rice to create the finished sushi.

The fish can also be pan-fried or canned kabayaki.

Some saury has a yellow tail and mouth, and in rare cases, saury with a yellow body can be caught. These are traded at high prices as high-end fish. The reason why the saury turns yellow has not yet been determined.

When cooked as grilled fish, it does not have large scales to be removed, and since it is rare to take out internal organs and gills, it is easy to handle without the need for a kitchen knife. It is sometimes referred to as an introductory fresh fish in cooking books.

Korea
Pacific saury is called kkongchi (꽁치) in Korean.

Gwamegi is a Korean dish of half-dried Pacific saury made during winter. It is mostly eaten in the region of North Gyeongsang Province in places such as Pohang, Uljin, and Yeongdeok, where a large amount of the fish are harvested.

Simmered saury (꽁치조림, kkongchi-jorim) is a common variety of jorim, Korean traditional simmered foods. Salt-grilled saury is known as kkongchi gui (꽁치구이) in Korea.

Russia
Called saira (сайра) in Russian, Pacific saury is popular in Russia, which directly access the Pacific Ocean. In Russia, it is sold canned with salt and spice, sometimes with the addition of vegetable oil or tomato sauce. It is also eaten smoked.

United Kingdom
Pacific saury is used as bait for pike and sea fishing. In the UK, they are usually called blueys, possibly due to people confusing the Pacific saury with blue mackerel.

Fishing
Around 1950, Japan caught about 98% of the catch and South Korea about 2%, but Japan's catch share has decreased proportionally in recent decades. Other nations that fish saury now include China and Taiwan. The Soviet Union fished saury around 1960 until the dissolution of the country. Taiwan began fishing for saury around 1988 and has been expanding its catch. In 2002, the Chinese also started fishing for saury, and they have been catching over 100,000 tons a year.

Approximately ninety Taiwanese vessels participate in the long distance North Pacific fishery. Taiwan's total Pacific saury landings were 30k metric tons in 2021 and 40k metric tons in 2022. Boats in the Taiwanese saury fishery have been transitioning from incandescent and high-intensity discharge (HID) light bulbs to light emitting diodes (LED) which allows them for an environmental impact reduction.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pacific saury


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Clitomachus (philosopher)

Clitomachus or Cleitomachus (Κλειτόμαχος, Kleitómakhos; 187/6–110/9BC) was a Greek philosopher, originally from Carthage, who came to Athens in 163/2BC and studied philosophy under Carneades. He became head of the Academy around 127/6BC. He was an Academic skeptic like his master. Nothing survives of his writings, which were dedicated to making known the views of Carneades, but Cicero made use of them for some of his works.

Life
Clitomachus was born in Carthage in 187/6BC as Hasdrubal (Ἀσδρούβας, Hasdroúbas;, ʿAzrubaʿal, "Help of Baal"). He came to Athens in 163/2 BC, when he was about 24 years old. There he became connected with the founder of the New Academy, the philosopher Carneades, under whose guidance he rose to be one of the most distinguished disciples of this school; but he also studied at the same time the philosophy of the Stoics and Peripatetics. In 127/6 BC, two years after the death of Carneades, he became the effective head (scholarch) of the Academy. He continued to teach at Athens till as late as 111 BC, as Crassus heard him in that year. He died in 110/09 BC, and was succeeded as scholarch by Philo of Larissa.

Writings
Of his works, which amounted to 400 books, only a few titles are preserved. His main object in writing them was to make known the philosophy of his master Carneades, from whose views he never dissented. Clitomachus continued to reside at Athens till the end of his life; but he continued to cherish a strong affection for his native country, and when Carthage was captured and destroyed in 146 BC, he wrote a work to console his unfortunate countrymen. This work, which Cicero says he had read, was taken from a discourse of Carneades, and was intended to exhibit the consolation which philosophy supplies even under the greatest calamities. His work was highly regarded by Cicero, who based parts of his De Natura Deorum, De Divinatione and De Fato on a work of Clitomachus he names as On the Withholding of Assent (De Sustinendis Adsensionibus).

Clitomachus probably treated the history of philosophy in his work on the philosophical sects: On the Schools of Thought (περί αἱρέσεων).

Two of Clitomachus' works are known to have been dedicated to prominent Romans, the poet Gaius Lucilius and the one-time consul Lucius Marcius Censorinus, suggesting that his work was known and appreciated in Rome.

title: Clitomachus (philosopher)


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Politics as usual

Politics as usual may refer to:

 * An element of democratic structuring, principles defined by Jo Freeman
 * Politics as Usual (album), a 2008 album by hip-hop artist Termanology
 * Politics as Usual (book), a 2010 book by Thomas Pogge

title: Politics as usual


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Tom McMillen

Charles Thomas McMillen (born May 26, 1952) is an American politician, businessman, and retired professional basketball player. A Rhodes Scholar, McMillen represented Maryland's 4th congressional district from January 3, 1987, to January 3, 1993.

On March 22, 2011, he was appointed as chairman of the inaugural Board of Directors of the President's Foundation on Sports, Physical Fitness, and Nutrition. He is also the author of Out of Bounds, a critical look at the unhealthy influence of sports on ethics, and he served on the Knight Foundation's Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics investigating abuses within college sports.

Basketball
Prior to entering politics, McMillen was a star basketball player on all levels. In 1970, he was the number one high school basketball player in the U.S. coming out of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, and was the biggest recruiting catch early in Coach Lefty Driesell's career at the University of Maryland, beating out rival Coaches Dean Smith of the University of North Carolina and John Wooden of UCLA for McMillen's services. McMillen played for the Terrapins from 1971 to 1974, McMillen was also a member of the 1972 U.S. Olympic Basketball Team that lost a controversial gold medal game to the Soviet Union.

McMillen earned his B.S. from University of Maryland in chemistry, which is part of the University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences. After graduating from Maryland in 1974, McMillen was drafted with the ninth pick in the first round of the 1974 NBA draft by the Buffalo Braves and the first round of the 1974 ABA Draft by the Virginia Squires. McMillen signed with the Braves but postponed his entry into the NBA in order to attend the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. During his time at Oxford, McMillen was a member of the Oxford University basketball team. He also commuted to Bologna, to play for Italian club Virtus Bologna. During his eleven-year National Basketball Association career, he played for the Braves, New York Knicks, Atlanta Hawks, and Washington Bullets, before he retired in 1986 to pursue his political career.

U.S. House
He was elected to the U.S. Congress as a Democrat to represent Maryland's 4th district, and served 1987–1993 as that district's representative.

In 1992, the 4th was redrawn as a black-majority district due to a mandate from the Justice Department. His home in Crofton was drawn into the Eastern Shore-based 1st District, represented by first-term Republican Congressman Wayne Gilchrest. Although McMillen did very well in the more urbanized areas of the district near Baltimore and Washington, D.C., it was not enough to overcome Gilchrest's margin on the Eastern Shore, and McMillen lost his reelection bid.

McMillen is thought to be the tallest-ever member of Congress. At 6 feet 11 inches, he is two feet taller than Maryland Senator Barbara Mikulski, who is believed to be the shortest representative ever.

Later career
McMillen was appointed to the University System of Maryland's Board of Regents in 2007, where he served until June 30, 2015. He was replaced by Robert R. Neall whom McMillen had defeated for Congress in 1986. In March 2023, McMillen was again appointed to the Boards of Regents, succeeding Gary L. Attman.

In September 2015, McMillen was selected to lead the Division I-A Athletic Directors’ Association as it moved from Dallas to Washington, D.C. He remains President and Chief Executive Officer of the renamed Lead1 Association, now advocating for athletic directors at Football Bowl Subdivision universities.

Personal life
McMillen is married to Dr. Judith Niemyer. The couple have lived in Fauquier County, Virginia since 2010.

title: Tom McMillen


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Fipronil

Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that belongs to the phenylpyrazole chemical family. Fipronil disrupts the insect central nervous system by blocking the ligand-gated ion channel of the GABAA receptor and glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) channels. This causes hyperexcitation of contaminated insects' nerves and muscles. Fipronil's specificity towards insects is believed to be due to its greater binding affinity for the GABAA receptors of insects than to those of mammals, and for its action on GluCl channels, which do not exist in mammals. , there does not appear to be significant resistance among fleas to fipronil.

Because of its effectiveness on various pests, fipronil is used as the active ingredient in flea control products for pets and home roach baits as well as field pest control for corn, golf courses, and commercial turf. Its widespread use makes its specific effects the subject of considerable attention. Observations on possible harm to humans or ecosystems are ongoing as well as the monitoring of pesticide resistance development.

Physical properties
Fipronil (IUPAC name 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)pyrazole-3-carbonitrile ) is a white, solid powder with a moldy odor. It is degraded slightly by sunlight, stable at normal temperatures for one year, and is not stable in presence of metal ions.

Use
Fipronil is/was used against many different pests on different crops, it is used against major lepidopteran (moth, butterfly, etc.) and orthopteran (grasshopper, locust, etc.) pests on a range of field and horticultural crops and against coleopteran (beetle) larvae in soils. It is employed for cockroach and ant control as well as locust control and termite pest control. In the United States of America, fipronil was approved for use against the Rasberry crazy ant until 2022 in counties of Texas where positive identification had been made by entomologists from the Texas Department of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Agency. In New Zealand, fipronil was used in trials to control wasps (Vespula spp.), which are a threat to indigenous biodiversity. It is now being used by the Department of Conservation to attempt local eradication of wasps, and is being recommended for control of the invasive Argentine ant. Fipronil is also the active ingredient in many commercial tick and flea treatments for pets.

Toxicity
Fipronil is classed as a WHO Class II moderately hazardous pesticide, and has a rat acute oral of 97 mg/kg.

It has moderate acute toxicity by the oral and inhalation routes in rats. Dermal absorption in rats is less than 1% after 24 hours exposure and toxicity is considered to be low. It has been found to be very toxic to rabbits.

The photodegradate MB46513 or desulfinylfipronil, appears to have a higher acute toxicity to mammals than fipronil itself by a factor of about 10.

Symptoms of acute toxicity via ingestion includes sweating, nausea, vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, dizziness, agitation, weakness, and tonic-clonic seizures. Clinical signs of exposure to fipronil are generally reversible and resolve spontaneously. As of 2011, no data were available regarding the chronic effects of fipronil on humans. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has classified fipronil as a group C (possible human) carcinogen based on an increase in thyroid follicular cell tumors in both sexes of the rat. However, as of 2011, no human data are available regarding the carcinogenic effects of fipronil.

Two Frontline TopSpot products were determined by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation to pose no significant exposure risks to workers applying the product. However, concerns were raised about human exposure to Frontline spray treatment in 1996, leading to a denial of registration for the spray product. Commercial pet groomers and veterinary physicians were considered to be at risk from chronic exposure via inhalation and dermal absorption during the application of the spray, assuming they may have to treat up to 20 large dogs per day. Fipronil is not volatile, so the likelihood of humans being exposed to this compound in the air is low.

In contrast to neonicotinoids such as acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, which are absorbed through the skin to some extent, fipronil is not absorbed substantially through the skin.

Drinking water contamination
In 2021, the US EPA put fipronil on the Draft Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5) which can lead to future regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act.

Detection in body fluids
Fipronil may be quantitated in plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to provide evidence in a medicolegal death investigation.

Ecological toxicity
Fipronil is highly toxic to crustaceans, insects (including bees and termites) and zooplankton, as well as rabbits, the fringe-toed lizard, and certain groups of gallinaceous birds. It appears to reduce the longevity and fecundity of female braconid parasitoids. It is also highly toxic to many fish, though its toxicity varies with species. Conversely, the substance is relatively innocuous to passerines, wildfowl, and earthworms.

Its half-life in soil is four months to one year, but much less on the soil surface because it is more sensitive to light (photolysis) than water (hydrolysis).

Few studies of effects on wildlife have been conducted, but studies of the nontarget impact from emergency applications of fipronil as barrier sprays for locust control in Madagascar showed adverse impacts of fipronil on termites, which appear to be very severe and long-lived. Also, adverse effects were indicated in the short term on several other invertebrate groups, one species of lizard (Trachylepis elegans), and several species of birds (including the Madagascar bee-eater).

Nontarget effects on some insects (predatory and detritivorous beetles, some parasitic wasps and bees) were also found in field trials of fipronil for desert locust control in Mauritania, and very low doses (0.6-2.0 g a.i./ha) used against grasshoppers in Niger caused impacts on nontarget insects comparable to those found with other insecticides used in grasshopper control. The implications of this for other wildlife and the ecology of the habitat remain unknown, but appear unlikely to be severe. Unfortunately, this lack of severity was not observed in bee species in South America. Fipronil is also used in Brazil and studies on the stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica have shown adverse reactions to the pesticide, including seizures, paralysis, and death with a lethal dose of .54 ng a.i./bee and a lethal concentration of .24 ng a.i./μl diet. These values are highly toxic in Scaptotrigona postica and bees in general. Toxic baiting with fipronil has been shown to be effective in locally eliminating German wasps. All colonies within foraging range were eliminated within one week.

In May 2003, the French Directorate-General of Food at the Ministry of Agriculture determined that a case of mass bee mortality observed in southern France was related to acute fipronil toxicity. Toxicity was linked to defective seed treatment, which generated dust. In February 2003, the ministry decided to temporarily suspend the sale of BASF crop protection products containing fipronil in France. The seed treatment involved has since been banned.

Notable results from wildlife studies include:
 * Fipronil is highly toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Its tendency to bind to sediments and its low water solubility may reduce the potential hazard to aquatic wildlife.
 * Fipronil is toxic to bees and should not be applied to vegetation when bees are foraging.
 * Based on ecological effects, fipronil is highly toxic to upland game birds on an acute oral basis and very highly toxic on a subacute dietary basis, but is practically nontoxic to waterfowl on both acute and subacute bases.
 * Chronic (avian reproduction) studies show no effects at the highest levels tested in mallards (NOEC = 1000 ppm) or quail (NOEC = 10 ppm). The metabolite MB 46136 is more toxic than the parent to avian species tested (very highly toxic to upland game birds and moderately toxic to waterfowl on an acute oral basis).
 * Fipronil is highly toxic to bluegill sunfish and highly toxic to rainbow trout on an acute basis.
 * An early-lifestage toxicity study in rainbow trout found that fipronil affects larval growth with a NOEC of 0.0066 ppm and an LOEC of 0.015 ppm. The metabolite MB 46136 is more toxic than the parent to freshwater fish (6.3 times more toxic to rainbow trout and 3.3 times more toxic to bluegill sunfish). Based on an acute daphnia study using fipronil and three supplemental studies using its metabolites, fipronil is characterized as highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates.
 * An invertebrate lifecycle daphnia study showed that fipronil affects length in daphnids at concentrations greater than 9.8 ppb.
 * A lifecycle study in mysids shows fipronil affects reproduction, survival, and growth of mysids at concentrations less than 5 ppt.
 * Acute studies of estuarine animals using oysters, mysids, and sheepshead minnows show that fipronil is highly acutely toxic to oysters and sheepshead minnows, and very highly toxic to mysids. Metabolites MB 46136 and MB 45950 are more toxic than the parent to freshwater invertebrates (MB 46136 is 6.6 times more toxic and MB 45950 is 1.9 times more toxic to freshwater invertebrates).

Colony collapse disorder
Fipronil is one of the main chemical causes blamed for the spread of colony collapse disorder among bees. It has been found by the Minutes-Association for Technical Coordination Fund in France that even at very low nonlethal doses for bees, the pesticide still impairs their ability to locate their hive, resulting in large numbers of forager bees lost with every pollen-finding expedition. A synergistic toxic effect of fipronil with the fungal pathogen Nosema ceranae was recently reported. The functional basis for this toxic effect is now understood: the synergy between fipronil and the pathogenic fungus induces changes in male bee physiology leading to infertility. A 2013 report by the European Food Safety Authority identified fipronil as "a high acute risk to honeybees when used as a seed treatment for maize" and on July 16, 2013, the EU voted to ban the use of fipronil on maize and sunflowers within the EU. The ban took effect at the end of 2013.

Pharmacodynamics
Fipronil acts by binding to allosteric sites of GABAA receptors and GluCl receptors (of insects) as an antagonist (a form of noncompetitive inhibition). This prevents the opening of chloride ion channels normally encouraged by GABA, reducing the chloride ions' ability to lower a neuron's membrane potential. This results in an overabundance of neurons reaching action potential and likewise CNS toxicity via overstimulation.

 * Acute oral (rat) 97 mg/kg
 * Acute dermal LD 50 (rat) >2000 mg/kg

In mammals (including humans) fipronil overdose is characterized by vomiting, agitation, and seizures. Intravenous or intramuscular benzodiazepines are a useful antidote.

Development
Fipronil was discovered and developed by Rhône-Poulenc between 1985 and 1987, and placed on the market in 1993 under the. Between 1987 and 1996, fipronil was evaluated on more than 250 insect pests on 60 crops worldwide, and crop protection accounted for about 39% of total fipronil production in 1997. Since 2003, BASF holds the patent rights for producing and selling fipronil-based products in many countries.

2017 fipronil eggs contamination
The 2017 fipronil eggs contamination is an incident in Europe and South Korea involving the spread of insecticide contaminated eggs and egg products. Chicken eggs were found to contain fipronil and distributed to 15 European Union countries, Switzerland, and Hong Kong. Approximately 700,000 eggs are thought to have reached shelves in the UK alone. Eggs at 44 farms in Taiwan were also found with excessive fipronil levels.

title: Fipronil


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Hepatopancreas

The hepatopancreas, digestive gland or midgut gland is an organ of the digestive tract of arthropods and molluscs. It provides the functions which in mammals are provided separately by the liver and pancreas, including the production of digestive enzymes, and absorption of digested food.

Arthropods
Arthropods, especially detritivores in the Order Isopoda, Suborder Oniscidea (woodlice), have been shown to be able to store heavy metals in their hepatopancreas. This could lead to bioaccumulation through the food chain and implications for food web destruction, if the accumulation gets high enough in polluted areas; for example, high metal concentrations are seen in spiders of the genus Dysdera which feed on woodlice, including their hepatopancreas, the major metal storage organ of isopods in polluted sites.

Molluscs

The hepatopancreas is a centre for lipid metabolism and for storage of lipids in gastropods.

Some species in the genus Phyllodesmium contains active zooxanthellae of the genus Symbiodinium in the hepatopancreas.

title: Hepatopancreas


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Union Harmony

The Union Harmony is a shape note hymn and tune book compiled by William Caldwell. The book was released in 1837, and is part of the larger tradition of shape note singing.

William Caldwell was born in 1801 in Tennessee, the son of Anthony Caldwell and Elizabeth Aiken. William Caldwell first married Cinderella Blackburn in 1829. After her death, he married Harriet Rebecca Meek. William's children include Tillman A., Orville H., Cordula J., Leonidas Beecher, Eliza, Catherine Josephine, Mary Alice, Evaline V., and Amy H. Caldwell. The Caldwells moved from Jefferson County, Tennessee some time after 1850 to Fannin County, Texas. William died in 1857 and Harriet in 1858.

Union Harmony or Family Musician was a four shape tunebook, registered in 1834, but printed in 1837 in Maryville, Tennessee by Ferdinand A. Parham. It contained 151 tunes, of which 43 songs are credited to William Caldwell. Many of these tunes, Caldwell wrote, were "not entirely original, but he has harmonized, and therefore claims them." David Music called this book "The First East Tennessee Tunebook". Writers from George Pullen Jackson to Harry Eskew consider the chief contribution on Caldwell and the Union Harmony to be the preservation of folk songs of the oral tradition. Union Harmony went through only one printing. Though long out of print, Caldwell's songs have survived in other shape note tune books, such as The Good Old Songs by C. H. Cayce, The Sacred Harp by B. F. White and E. J. King, and more recently (2013), the Shenandoah Harmony.

43 tunes credited to Caldwell
Amazing Grace, Bethesda, Canton, Concord, Erie, Family Bible, Fortitude, Frugality, Funeral Thought, Home, Hopewell, Humility, Iantha, Imandra, Immensity, Intercession, Joyful Sound, Loving Kindness, Majesty, Malinda, Merit, Missionary Hymn, Mount Carmel, New Hope, New Market, Newport, Redemption, Redeeming Love, Saint Paul, Sharon, Solemn Thought, Star in the East, Sweet Prospect, The Good Shepherd, The Mariner, The Mouldering Vine, The Pilgrim's Lot, The Shepherd's Joy, Tranquility, Union, Wakefield, Westford, Zion's Call

title: Union Harmony


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KOMP (FM)

KOMP (92.3 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Las Vegas, Nevada. KOMP broadcasts an active rock radio format and is owned by Lotus Communications. Its studios and offices are on West Flamingo Road in Spring Valley in Clark County, using a Las Vegas address.

KOMP has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 25,000 watts as a Class C station. Its transmitter is on Potosi Mountain in Blue Diamond, southwest of the Las Vegas Valley. KOMP broadcasts using HD Radio technology. Its HD2 digital subchannel carries the Christian radio programming of KWVE-FM in California.

KULA, KVEG-FM, KTRI and KENO-FM
The station signed on the air on September 1, 1966. Its original call sign was KULA and it was a sister station to KVEG (970 AM) with studios in the Castaways Hotel. Because KVEG was a daytimer, KULA simulcast its country music programming in the daytime and continued it at night when KVEG was off the air.

In the 1970s, AM 970 KVEG began playing oldies while 92.3 FM continued the country sounds as KTRI. It was an affiliate of the ABC Information Network. While the station was powered at 27,000 watts, its tower was only 180 ft tall, so it was only heard in and around Las Vegas.

Around 1980, the station became KENO-FM. It aired the same Top 40 format as KENO (1460 AM) as management moved the hit music sounds from its AM station to an FM signal. The two stations were affiliated with the ABC Contemporary Network. KENO-FM was granted a construction permit by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to boost its power to 100,000 watts and relocated to a tower at 1520 ft.

KOMP
The format flipped to album rock on February 8, 1981. The station's first song in the rock format was The Who's "Long Live Rock". The station's new call sign was KOMP and it was known simply as FM92 K-O-M-P.

Some of the DJs from that era included Big Marty and Leslie Blied, Todd Fowler, Dice Martin and Lark Williams. The station's slogan later became "KOMP 92.3 The Rock Of Las Vegas." Other personalities included: Byrd (later with WDRV Chicago), Craig Williams, Scott "So Hot" Jameson, Charlie Morriss, Freddie Woods, Mike Dailey, Mike Culotta and JD Pig.

Programming
The station's slogan was updated to "KOMP 92.3, The Rock Station". It is owned by Lotus Communications, which also owns KENO, KLAV, KKGK, KRLV, KWID, KWWN, and KXPT. It is the flagship station for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League alongside KRLV.

In morning drive time, the wake-up show is "BS in the Morning". The current hosts are Graig and Huff. Graig was born in New York City and has been with the program since 2016. Huff was born in Phoenix and was a KOMP DJ since 2011, originally as nighttime host. Sylvia hosts middays and Gooch is heard in afternoons and evenings.

The station launched "BS in the Morning" in the summer of 2014 with radio host Sparks, who relocated to Las Vegas from Cleveland. The show featured Sparks, Graig Salerno and Izzy. BS in the Morning show routines include The Wheel of Punishment, the BS Drunk Line, and I Heard That. The show had its own official day, August 5, 2019, in the City of Las Vegas as declared by Mayor Carolyn Goodman. The now-deceased lead vocalist for Quiet Riot, Kevin DuBrow, co-hosted the morning radio show with long-time morning show host Craig Williams. Other past personalities include Dennis Huff (formerly of KVGS (107.9 FM)).

Specialty shows include Rock Hard with Kristen, a one-hour metal show Saturday nights at midnight. 92 Minutes of Hair with Mel is heard Sunday mornings. The show was originally 92 minutes, but expanded to two hours of 1980s hair bands. On Sunday nights, Laurie Steele voices The Home Grown Show, a show playing material from up-and-coming local artists.

title: KOMP (FM)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Third Battalion

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 01:02, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Third Battalion
Rather whimsical article about a de facto fanclub for British Sea Power (a pop group). What do they do? They wear uniforms and go to a nearby pub. All jolly good sixth-form fun, I'm sure, but of such stunning importance that Google has only 43 hits for "third battalion" and "british sea power". This really is feeble by the standards of British Sea Power fandom, considering that Google has about 101,000 for guitar and "british sea power". If this article were named, say, "Third Battalion of British Sea Power", I'd suggest merging with British Sea Power, but I can easily imagine that there is, or could later be, a BSP-unrelated, encyclopedic "third battalion", and creation of an article on that would then require disambiguation, etc. So I'll say that although the existence of the BSP "third battalion" is verifiable, it's significance is peculiarly low, akin to that of the many gaming forums and the like about which articles are routinely created but promptly VfDd and deleted. -- Hoary 02:41, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)

 * Delete - Sounds like it's very interesting to those who participte, but it's not encyclopedic. --FCYTravis 03:39, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Fair enough, i'll put it on the actual BSP page then. --Ebz 09:27, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 10:42, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: A particular club rather. Geogre 12:03, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vile (Hip Hop)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 01:05, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Vile (Hip Hop) & Subpages
Not notable. Possible vanity. It failed the Google test with "Jose Estrada" Vile. Then it failed the All Music Guide test, there is an entry called "Vile" that is categorized as "rap" but I don't think AMG is trying to imply him. AMG doesn't list the hip hop band "BORED". The subpages are also nominated by me: Tha Creation* IMG., Hitlah, Lucki Charmz, R.I.P. Imani and Imani Asikari. Chill Pill Bill 02:41, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all. Vanity. JamesBurns 10:43, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete All as unverifiable, likely vanity. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 10:48, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Looks like Kiddie Taunts. Unverifiable, likely libel pages. Geogre 12:07, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all nn vanity. --Etacar11 17:47, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete. As a hip-hopper, I feel qualified to say, in the grand tradition of Das Efx, that this entry is wiggidy-wack. Somebody had better check themselves. jglc | t | c 20:13, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't Delete. Ok first of all jasonglchu, i don't know who ur trying to pass off as, but that whole little "gangsta" slang term is annoying, and secondly, Imani is a factual person, if u don't believe me then go to his myspace: http://www.myspace.com/ripztah it shows 3 of his latest songs. Remember that Imani, Vile, Hitlah, Lucki Charmz are underground rappers who are trying to get recognition, so i posted this article to get their name in the spotlight. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.126.102.142 (talk • contribs) 22:17, 14 Jun 2005
 * You, sir, obviously can't see further than the basement or garage in which you and your pathetic buddies record your music on a Fisher-Price microphone. Das Efx is about as far from gangsterism as one can get in the spectrum of hip-hop, being idealogical cousins to the Native Tongues movement, and such artists as De La Soul and A Tribe Called Quest.  Who I'm trying to "pass myself off as" is a scholar of hip-hop, from Grand Mixer DXT all the way up to Aesop Rock and Eyedea.  Go learn some history, then come correct. jglc | t | c 01:50, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - People included in Wikipedia should ideally have had their 15 minutes already, and it certainly shouldn't be for those who really want their 15 minutes or more but haven't got them yet. StopTheFiling 23:51, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Dont Delete - In my neighborhood Imani & his posse are very well known and i think that it should remain in wikipedia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.126.102.142 (talk • contribs) 22:58, 15 Jun 2005
 * Deletion Not Necessary - I believe just because these kids arent as popular as Snoop Dogg does not mean we should delete this article. thewiz | thewiztalk | 04:09, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This is user's first edit jglc | t | c 01:11, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Let's see. Snoop Dogg is a recording artist who has had record contracts with several different high-profile recording companies, and has released albums in collaboration with several of hip-hop's most well-known personalities, producers, and emcees. "these kids," on the other hand, are "well known" in somebody's neighborhood.  Which one would be included in an encyclopaedia...? jglc | t | c 01:16, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all. Defenders essentially admit they're not notable. carmeld1 01:12, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Let's Comprimise Imani Asikari & Tha Creation* Family are working on the R.I.P. Imani Album, it is going to be released on CD Babythis summer I think. I suggest wikipedia keeps the article for the rest of the summer or for atleast like 3 weeks and if the album is not released yet we ban the creator of the article for creating 8 hoax articles, but if the Album releases then we keep the articles. How's that? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.8.100.49 (talk • contribs) 22:57, 18 Jun 2005
 * Let's Compromise: You stop being a sock (or meat) puppet, and an admin deletes your article. How's that? jglc | t | c 01:32, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Cross fluid

A Cross fluid is a type of generalized Newtonian fluid whose viscosity depends upon shear rate according to the following equation:

 * $$\mu_\mathrm{eff}(\dot \gamma) = \mu_\infty + \frac {\mu_0-\mu_\infty}{1 + (k\dot{\gamma})^n}$$

where $$ \mu_\mathrm{eff}(\dot \gamma) $$ is viscosity as a function of shear rate, $$ \mu_\infty $$, $$ \mu_0 $$, $$ k $$ and n are coefficients.

The zero-shear viscosity $$ \mu_0 $$ is approached at very low shear rates, while the infinite shear viscosity $$ \mu_\infty $$ is approached at very high shear rates.

title: Cross fluid


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Selamectin

Selamectin, sold under the brand name Revolution, among others, is a topical parasiticide and anthelminthic used on dogs and cats. It treats and prevents infections of heartworms, fleas, ear mites, sarcoptic mange (scabies), and certain types of ticks in dogs, and prevents heartworms, fleas, ear mites, hookworms, and roundworms in cats. It is structurally related to ivermectin and milbemycin. Selamectin is not approved for human use.

Veterinary uses
Selamectin is applied topically. It is not miscible in water.

Mode of action
Selamectin disables parasites by activating glutamate-gated chloride channels at muscle synapses. Selamectin activates the chloride channel without desensitization, allowing chloride ions to enter the nerve cells and causing neuromuscular paralysis, impaired muscular contraction, and eventual death.

The substance fights both internal and surface parasitic infection. Absorbed into the body through the skin and hair follicles, it travels through the bloodstream, intestines, and sebaceous glands; parasites ingest the drug when they feed on the animal's blood or secretions.

Side effects
Selamectin has been found to be safe and effective in a 2003 review.

Selamectin has high safety ratings, with less than 1% of pets displaying side effects. In cases where side-effects do occur, they most often include passing irritation or hair loss at the application site. Symptoms beyond these (such as drooling, rapid breathing, lack of coordination, vomiting, or diarrhea) could be due to shock as a result of selamectin killing heartworms or other vulnerable parasites present at high levels in the bloodstreams of dogs. This would be a reaction due to undetected or underestimated infections prior to using the medication, rather than an actual allergic reaction to the drug itself.

Brand names
Selamectin is sold under various brand names including Selehold, manufactured by KRKA, Selarid manufactured by Norbrook Laboratories Limited, Revolution and Stronghold manufactured by Zoetis, Revolt manufactured by Aurora Pharmaceuticals, and Senergy manufactured by Virbac.

Similar products
Main rival products for dogs include ivermectin (trade names Stromectol, Ivermec and others) or milbemycin oxime (Interceptor) for heartworms, imidacloprid and moxidectin (Advocate), fipronil (Frontline) or lufenuron (Program) for fleas, or the combination milbemycin oxime/lufenuron (Sentinel) for both.

title: Selamectin


text: Template:Atlanta parks

title: Template:Atlanta parks


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The distinction of illusions

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 01:02, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

The distinction of illusions
A '"melodramatic" and "purely nihilistic"' essay. Its contributor's user name suggests that he may be same as its author, making this vanity; even if not, the most generous fate I can see for the article is a move to Wikisource. --Cryptic (talk) 02:44, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * As of June 2005, only one third of the total essay has been published to the public. Ah. Then two thirds of it is unverifiable. Look, this stuff is soporific twaddle; why even raise the possibility of wasting server space at Wikisource with it? Delete. -- Hoary 02:53, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * Because googling raised a (slim) possibility of there being a notable Cameron Thurber out there, and philosophy isn't my cup of tea - I'm afraid it all looks like soporific twaddle to me. Also note that I marked the article , not  . :) --Cryptic (talk) 03:38, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete No personal essays per WP:NOT. Bratsche talk  5 pillars 03:00, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Personal essay/rant.   — Gwalla | Talk 04:04, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I actually read this entire (portion of an) essay. If the writer is under 15, he might have a bright future.  There is, however, nothing remotely encyclopedic about this. Xoloz 05:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable essay. Eric119 05:16, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: I agree with Xoloz, but I'm a little less sanguine, as I think many, many very bright people think these thoughts at about that age. It's good for him, but it's a rite of passage.  Deep Thoughts. Geogre 12:05, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Def Jam: Fight for NY

Def Jam: Fight for NY is a 3D fighting video game developed by AKI Corporation and EA Canada and published by EA Games. It was released for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox on September 21, 2004. The game is the second main installment in EA's Def Jam-licensed hip-hop video game series, and the direct sequel to Def Jam Vendetta. It was ported to the PlayStation Portable under the title Def Jam Fight for NY: The Takeover in 2006, and was followed up by Def Jam: Icon in 2007.

Gameplay
The game features several rappers, including Lil' Kim, Snoop Dogg, Method Man, Slick Rick, Memphis Bleek, Lil Flip, Scarface, Ghostface Killah, Redman, Fat Joe, Mobb Deep, Ice-T, Xzibit, N.O.R.E, Ludacris, Crazy Legs, Busta Rhymes, Bubba Sparxxx and Sean Paul as well as the voices and likeness of other celebrities, such as Henry Rollins, Christopher Judge, Carmen Electra, Baby Chris, Jacob Arabo and Kimora Lee Simmons.

The gameplay is expanded from the original game, which was primarily a wrestling game. Fighters can choose one, two, or three of five fighting styles. The fighting styles are Streetfighting, Kickboxing, Martial Arts, Wrestling and Submissions.

Additionally, Def Jam Fight for NY emphasizes the use of the game's various environments and the surrounding crowd to cause damage. Tossing the opponent against barriers gives fighters an opportunity to inflict massive damage to their opponent by slamming them into the wall headfirst, ramming a door or gate in their face, or using other features of the environment. The crowd will shove a fighter back into combat if he is thrown into them or gets too close, sometimes holding a fighter and leaving them open to attack. Some spectators carry weapons, and will offer them to the fighters, or even attack a fighter if they are held by a nearby onlooker.

Momentum is gained by successfully performing moves, countering, and taunting the opponent. The rate at which momentum is gained is affected by the fighter's Charisma stat, which like other stats varies between fighters. Created fighters can set their own charisma with a combination of clothes, tattoos, and jewelry; the more expensive, the better. A fighter with a good set of clothes, extensive tattoos, or laden with jewellery can often fill their momentum meter in just a few moves.

When the momentum meter is full, a fighter can activate it, which results in a Blazin' Taunt. In this state, the fighter is said to be "Blazin", and can pull off a Blazin' Move, a powerful and brutal attack personalized for each character. A created character can learn every single Blazin' Move in the game, but can only have up to four usable at any one time.

Though the game focuses on mixed fighting styles, the only way to win a fight is through Knock Out or Submission. A character can be made to submit by putting them into submission holds until the health bar of a single body part is depleted.

Knock Out is achieved through a unique health bar used in the game. Health is composed of two bars, the first bar representing a fighter's consciousness and ability to fight (displayed as an opaque light green), while underneath it is the fighter's physical wellness bar (displayed as a semi transparent dark green). With every hit, a fighter's consciousness will fall quicker than their physical wellness. However, whenever a fighter is not losing health, their consciousness meter will recover up to the maximum current physical wellness. When a fighter's consciousness is lowered to a very low point, the entire health bar will turn red. This indicates that the fighter is in danger of being knocked out. Knocking out an opponent in danger requires the use of strong hits, Blazin' Moves, and environmental moves such as slamming an opponent into the wall, or achieving a double team move with a crowd member, or using a weapon (like a pipe, a bottle, a wooden bat, a shovel, etc.). It is possible to knock out an opponent by beating down their health while their physical wellness remains very high. As a fight wears on, physical wellness will eventually fall low enough that when a fighter's consciousness recovers to the physical limit, it is still too low to turn green. This is sometimes known as permanent danger, meaning a fighter is permanently in danger of being knocked out.

Additionally, each fighting style has a unique way to knock out opponents in danger: streetfighters can attack with a strong punch; wrestlers can perform a strong grapple; kickboxers can complete a kick-combo; submission experts can force the enemy to submit with grapples; and martial artists can perform flying attacks.

Story Mode
The game's story mode follows the narrative of a player-created fighter, who is fighting his way through the New York Underground. Winning matches rewards the player with cash, which can be used in shops to buy clothes which include famous clothes lines such as Reebok, Phat Farm, Air Jordan, Sean John and many other clothing lines. As well as clothes, the fighter can get haircuts, tattoos, and jewelry from Jacob "The Jeweler" Arabo, as well as Development points, which can be used at the local gym, run by Henry Rollins, to increase the character's skills, or to purchase and set up new Blazin' Moves and up to two additional fighting styles.

Winning matches unlocks clubs and the fighters defeated, as well as their Blazin' Move, and often the jewelry they may wear. Created characters can have the jewelry of Sean Paul, Crack (Fat Joe), Xzibit, Crazy Legs, Lil' Flip, Def Jam Recordings, Roc-A-Fella Records, State Property, and many others (except for some particular signature pieces such as the medallions worn by Flavor Flav or modify it like Ghostface Killah's Sun God Plate Gold and Diamond piece), the fighters may be used in Battle Mode, while their moves and jewelry may be purchased and used by the player.

Characters
The game features 67 playable characters, including real-life hip hop artists signed to Def Jam at the time, as well as original characters.

Story
The game takes place immediately after Def Jam Vendetta. D-Mob (Chris Judge) is arrested by NYPD cops Starks and Jervis and placed in the back of their cop car when an SUV hits it, causing it to flip over. D-Mob crawls out of the wreckage and boards the SUV as Jervis catches a glimpse of the suspect before passing out. He later describes his appearance to Lauren. The suspect becomes the game's protagonist, nicknamed "The Hero".

Taking D-Mob back to his safehouse, the Hero is introduced to Blaze (Method Man) and Sticky Fingaz, and is conscripted into D-Mob's gang. The Hero builds a reputation for winning numerous fights and clubs for D-Mob, and is given his own safehouse. The Hero hooks up with one of four female fighters (Cindy J, Kimora Lee, Lil' Kim and Shawnna), after getting into a fight with their boyfriend, Nyne. After winning a match against Ice-T, D-Mob's crew are approached by his rival, Crow (Snoop Dogg), and his crew: Magic (Busta Rhymes), Crack (Fat Joe), and Trejo (Danny Trejo). Crow announces he is accepting fighters in return for more cash, losing D-Mob several clubs and fighters. Later, Carmen Electra and the Hero take notice of each other, getting into a fight with his girlfriend. The winner becomes the Hero's new girlfriend with mixed results.

Moving against Crow, D-Mob arranges a match for Blaze to fight Crack, but Blaze loses. After the Hero beats many of Crow's fighters, Crow proposes a winner-take-all match between Crack and D-Mob's "best man". Infuriated that the Hero was picked over him, Sticky storms off and later joins Crow. After the Hero wins a match against Crack, he, Blaze, and D-Mob celebrate in D-Mob' limousine, where the Hero is given a pendant and welcomed into the family. Crow's gang (Trejo, Magic and Sticky) attempts a drive-by shooting, causing a crash. Uninjured, the Hero chases them to a subway station, where he fights and potentially kills Trejo while the rest escape. Returning to the limo, a critically injured D-Mob gets the Hero and Blaze to leave him behind as police arrive.

Following D-Mob's arrest, Blaze, the Hero and their remaining crew, beat many of Crow's fighters and take back several clubs. As his empire is chipped away, Crow makes multiple attempts to threaten and convince the Hero into quitting or joining his crew, to no initial avail. Crow resorts to kidnapping the Hero's girlfriend, blackmailing him to retake every club he has earned for D-Mob, or else he will murder her; her death being inevitable if the Hero tells anyone the real reason he switched sides. The Hero wins back Crow's clubs, turning his friends against him in the process.

When the Hero wins a final match against Doc, a distraught Blaze angrily takes D-Mob's pendant from The Hero. Crow tells the Hero he has one final task for him, having him taken to a scrapyard, where Blaze is brutally beaten by Magic, with the Hero ordered to murder him. The Hero refuses, turning against Crow's crew, with Crack and Magic defeated by the Hero and an injured Blaze. Magic tells The Hero that his girlfriend is being held at an abandoned factory, and that Crow always intended to kill her. The Hero and Blaze reach the factory, where Sticky is keeping the Hero's girlfriend hostage. Sticky sets the building on fire, and is killed in the ensuing fight with the Hero. Escaping with his unconscious girlfriend, the Hero and Blaze decide things have gone too far, and set out to confront Crow.

Confronting Crow at his headquarters, the Hero is supported by the remainder of D-Mob's crew, having his name cleared by Blaze. As a fight breaks out between both crews, the Hero corners Crow at his office, getting into a brief standoff with him. Magic appears from behind with a gun pressed against the Hero's head but does not pull the trigger; he instead hands the gun to the Hero and leaves. The Hero initially decides that the cowering Crow is not worth killing. However, Crow attacks him in a rage, and the ensuing fight ends with the Hero throwing Crow out of a window to fall to his death. His reputation cleared, the Hero takes a minute to reflect as Blaze gives him back his pendant.

GameCube version
There are features exclusive to PS2 and Xbox that are missing from the GameCube version. The player is restricted to having one voice for the main character - as opposed to the six found in other versions. Eight of the 28 available music tracks are missing. The GameCube's hardware lacks the light blur effect that permeates on the characters and arenas. Furthermore, certain 3 or 4 player arenas have reduced crowds due to storage limitations imposed by the console's optical disc format.

Development
Josh Holmes, the producer from EA Canada wanted to improve on Def Jam Vendetta. The research they have done shows that veteran gamers were familiar with the game control system yet new players were intimidated by the complexity that has been used since WCW vs. nWo: World Tour that first appeared on the Nintendo 64. The team decided to simplify the controls and make them more intuitive: "We found that straight one-on-one fighting tended to get stale over time, no matter how polished the fighting engine was". The team added secondary elements like crowds, weapons and interactive environments for the player to use as a weapon. Lastly, Holmes went on to say that individual players prefer to use their own tactics, so different classes has been implemented in unique ways to achieve a KO: "The overall focus of the fighting system is fun, over-the-top action rather than a simulation of technical fighting".

The create-a-fighter mode, a feature lacking in Def Jam Vendetta, has been incorporated into the sequel as a part of the Story Mode. Holmes explains that with other successful fighting games, the convention of a sequel is to add complexity to the control system, multiplayer focus to the exclusion of all else, shallow single player, limited character customization and having a gameplay that's skewed towards the hardcore gamer: "Probably the most common that's typical in fighting games like the first game is that it's empty and devoid of people. Inevitably, there's nothing going on except it's just you and your opponent. So they turned the concept on its head by filling the gap to make the fighting game more interactive and less predictable in order to keep it fresh and accessible for beginners and veterans alike".

Reception
The game received largely positive reviews. GameSpot and IGN gave it a score of 8.7 out of 10 and GameSpy and X-Play gave it a score of 4 out of 5. GameSpot's Alex Navarro praised the game for improving nearly every aspect from its predecessor, including the new fighting styles, character creation, and interaction with weapons and environments. Criticism generally befell on the game's camera view and frame rate issues that are found in all console versions. Additionally reviewers mentioned that the game is laden with a lot of profanity. Aside from the frame rate, reviewers praised the game's graphics, with both IGN and GameSpot calling them "impressive". GameSpot later named it the best GameCube game of September 2004. It received runner-up positions in GameSpot's 2004 "Best Fighting Game" and "Best Licensed Music" award categories across all platforms.

Maxim gave it a score of eight out of ten and said: "Should the lyrically challenged feel left out, you can create your own brawler outfitted in ice courtesy of celebrity bling supplier Jacob the Jeweler. Better to look good than to—ow—feel good". The Sydney Morning Herald also gave the game four stars out of five and said that "the fact that it's got the deepest story ever seen in a fighter simply adds to the realistic feel of the brutal combat within".

During the 8th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated Def Jam: Fight for NY for "Fighting Game of the Year".

title: Def Jam: Fight for NY


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Derebey

A derebey (valley lord) was a feudal lord in Anatolia and the Pontic areas of Lazistan and Adjara in the 18th century, with considerable independence from the central government of the Ottoman Empire.

Derebeys were required to provide military assistance in time of war, but ruled and administered their own territories, in full freedom in practical terms, and often forming local dynasties. Their emergence was often sparked by the gradual abandonment of the timar system administered by the military fiefdom of sipahis, and the tendency of the central government to sub-contract tax revenues as of the 18th century, receiving a determined sum from the derebey and outsourcing on them the task of collecting from the taxpayers themselves. In official terminology, these intermediaries were often referred to as âyân, although other terms were also used for describing this class whose official status, effective powers and geographical extent of authority could greatly vary from one derebey to another, and could also evolve differently over time. The particular characteristics of their region of authority, such as economic development or its becoming an issue within contexts of international politics, also greatly influenced derebeys' destinies. While the derebeys did not seek to overthrow the Ottoman state, they did seek autonomy from the empire for themselves and their heirs. Through their collection and control of tax revenues in their region as well as only providing armed men for the sultan's wars when it benefitted their interests, the derebeys demonstrated a lack of centralized authority in the Ottoman state during the 18th and early 19th centuries.

The Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 saw an increase in the power and influence of the derebeys, due to the reliance of the Ottoman government on their assistance. By the end of the 18th century, during the reign of Sultan Selim III, most of Anatolia was ruled by derebeys, and their role in Ottoman affairs was prominent. Selim's successor, Mahmud II (who followed the year-long reign of Mustafa IV), oversaw the decline of the derebeys as Ottoman government became increasingly centralised and administration was conducted by appointed governors. In the 19th century, the term came to be applied to the powerful hereditary land-owners of southern and eastern Turkey. By 1866 the remaining derebeys were subjugated by a military expedition in the Çukurova region.

The derebeys gradually Ottomanized, i.e. became part of the mechanics of the central government, with the re-strengthening of Ottoman central power in the 19th century. Many members of derebey families left lasting works serving general welfare, while others were also involved in bitter struggles that gave rise to public revolts, such as that of Atçalı Kel Mehmet Efe.

Notable derebey families

 * Karaosmanoğlu family based in Akhisar, and later in Manisa
 * Katipzade family based in İzmir,
 * Cihanoğlu family based in Koçarlı
 * Arpazlı family based in Nazilli
 * Tuzcuoğlu family based in Rize
 * Kozanoğlu family based in Kozan
 * Menemencioğlu family based in Karaisalı
 * Osman Pazvantoğlu based in Vidin
 * Alemdar Mustafa Pasha based in Rusçuk
 * Himşiaşvili (Hamşioğlu) based in Acara

title: Derebey


text:
Acme, Alberta

Acme is a village in south-central Alberta, Canada. It is located 83 km northeast of Calgary. It was the first village to be incorporated in Kneehill County.

The name Acme is derived from the village's railway heritage. When the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the area in 1909, the village's station became the most northernly stop on the company's network. The moniker Acme (of Greek origin, meaning 'the highest point') was thus applied to the community by CPR surveyors of the day. The first train arrived July 7, 1910, and the village was incorporated that day as well.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Acme had a population of 606 living in 272 of its 294 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 653. With a land area of 2.49 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Acme recorded a population of 653 living in 281 of its 301 total private dwellings, which represents no change from its 2011 population of 653. With a land area of 2.48 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

Economy
The primary industries in the Acme area are agriculture, including livestock and grain farming, and oil and natural gas. Trucking also plays a significant role in the local economy, mostly supporting the agriculture industry.

Culture
Cultural facilities within Acme include the Acme Municipal Library and the Acme Community Centre. The community centre replaced the village's Memorial Hall that was lost to fire in 2004.

Attractions
Acme is home to a campground, curling rink, golf course, outdoor pool, outdoor skating rink, beach volleyball pit, soccer field, three ball diamonds, numerous parks, and a senior centre. Squash, racquetball, and wallyball courts are located in a building attached to Acme School.

Education
Acme School, operated by Golden Hills Regional Division No. 75, serves students in kindergarten through grade 6 and students in grades 10 through 12. Students in grades 7 through 9 attend Dr. Elliott Community School in nearby Linden. Acme School's high school sports teams are nicknamed the Acme Reds.

Clubs and organizations
Acme has a variety of local clubs and societies, including a Royal Canadian Legion branch, a senior association, an Elks of Canada club, a Masonic Lodge, and a variety of other organizations, including multiple church groups.

Notable people

 * Honourable Helen Hunley - first female Lieutenant Governor of Alberta
 * Constance Elaine "Connie" Osterman, Canadian politician, Progressive Conservative MLA and cabinet minister (1979-1992)

title: Acme, Alberta


text:
Rotating chair

Rotating chair may refer to:
 * Swivel chair, a chair with a single central leg that allows the seat to rotate
 * the role of a chairperson when served in turns by several members of a group

title: Rotating chair


text:
The Lonely Silver Rain

The Lonely Silver Rain (1985) is the 21st and final novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The work was published a year prior to the author's death, and was not intentionally the end of the series. It is also notable for the introduction of McGee's daughter Jean, who he unwittingly sired with the now-deceased love interest Puss Killian from the ninth book in the series: Pale Gray for Guilt. At the end of the book McGee has taken all of his cash in hand except for a few hundred dollars and placed it in a trust fund for his newly met teenage daughter, and needs to go back to work as a "salvage consultant." The author's death prevented any further development of this new character and plot line.

Themes
The phrase, "The lonely silver rain" appears in page 222 of the first edition hard cover (there's 232 pages in the book). "The rain was heavier. It bounced high off the asphalt, an eight-inch curtain fringe of lonely silver rain.  I could stand there until it ended and nothing would change."

The money recovered from McGee's "salvage consultancy" was from finding the Sundowner boat (which was renamed Lazidays) was $193,500, but then he gave $20,000 to a friend named Mick for assistance in the mission.

Awards
The novel was nominated for the 1986 Anthony award for Best Novel.

title: The Lonely Silver Rain


text:
User talk:Commander Nemet

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Spinboy 02:47, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:03, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Commander Nemet


text:
User talk:Freyal

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Spinboy 02:47, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

TTTS
. :) Nephron T|C 02:40, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Freyal


text:
Cossack Brigade

Cossack Brigade can refer to:
 * a military brigade composed of Cossacks
 * Free Cossack Brigade of Vadim Yakovlev
 * Persian Cossack Brigade of Vsevolod Lyakhov (also known as Iranian Cossack Brigade)
 * 6th Separate Cossack Motorized Rifle Brigade

title: Cossack Brigade


text:
Liudolf, Duke of Swabia

Liudolf (c. 930 – 6 September 957 ), a member of the Ottonian dynasty, was duke of Swabia from 950 until 954. His rebellion in 953/54 led to a major crisis of the rising German kingdom.

Rise
Liudolf was the only son of the Saxon duke Otto the Great, son and heir of the German king Henry the Fowler, by his first wife Eadgyth, daughter of the English king Edward the Elder. Otto ascended the German throne in 936 and Liudolf, as his designated heir and successor, received a broad education.

In 939 his father betrothed him to Ida, daughter and heiress of the Conradine duke Herman I of Swabia. The marriage was concluded about 947/948; when Duke Herman died shortly afterwards, King Otto appointed his eldest son and heir apparent duke. Liudolf was a popular ruler with the tribe and was able to consolidate Ottonian dominance in Swabia.

When in November 950 King Lothair II of Italy died, Berengar II usurped the throne and had Lothair's widow Adelaide, a relative of Liudolf's wife Ida, imprisoned. Moreover, as Adelaide was the sister of Otto's ally King Conrad I of Burgundy, the German king prepared for a campaign to Italy. Nevertheless, Liudolf forestalled his father's plans and in early 951 led a Swabian army across the Alps and invaded Lombardy. His father was displeased and foiled his plans, supported by his brother Duke Henry I of Bavaria, who considered Liudolf's campaign a violation of his interests in Northern Italy. The Swabian duke received little support by the Italian nobility and finally had to follow the approaching forces of his father, leaving him without much gain.

Rebellion
When King Otto married Adelaide, the heiress to Italy, Liudolf felt his position threatened. He underlined his right of succession by lavishly celebrating Christmas 951 like a king at the Kaiserpfalz in Saalfeld and forged an alliance with his brother-in-law Duke Conrad of Lorraine.

Adelaide gave birth to a son, and Liudolf raised the flag of revolt in 953. Though he had the support of his Swabians, his ally Duke Conrad the Red was opposed by his own subjects in Lorraine. The Bavarians of Duke Henry I, Liudolf's uncle, supported Liudolf, but Henry and Otto together put down the rebellion. In 954, he was deprived of his duchy and, though reconciled with his father, he did not regain it. He invaded Italy for a second time in 957 and many cities capitulated before him and Berengar fled. He died unexpectedly of fever amidst his victorious campaign at Pombia, near Novara, on September 6 and was buried in St. Alban's Abbey, Mainz.

Legacy
Liudolf's son by Ida, Otto, was later duke of Bavaria and Swabia. Liudolf's daughter, Matilda, was abbess of the Essen Abbey. He also founded the city of Stuttgart in southern Germany. Historians still debate the existence of another daughter, named Richlinde (according to historian Armin Wolf) who married Cuno of Öhningen, whose son, Conrad I, became Otto I's successor in Swabia in 982; this union would represent the genealogical connection between the Liudolfings and the Conradines.

title: Liudolf, Duke of Swabia


text:
The Lost Symbol

The Lost Symbol is a 2009 novel written by American writer Dan Brown. It is a thriller set in Washington, D.C., after the events of The Da Vinci Code, and relies on Freemasonry for both its recurring theme and its major characters.

Released on September 15, 2009, it is the third Brown novel to involve the character of Harvard University symbologist Robert Langdon, following 2000's Angels & Demons and 2003's The Da Vinci Code. It had a first printing of 6.5 million (5 million in North America, 1.5 million in the UK), the largest in Doubleday history. On its first day the book sold one million in hardcover and e-book versions in the U.S., the UK and Canada, making it the fastest selling adult novel in history. It was number one on the New York Times Best Seller list for hardcover fiction for the first six weeks of its release, and remained on the list for 29 weeks. As of January 2013, there were 30 million copies in print worldwide.

Plot
Renowned Harvard symbologist Robert Langdon is invited to give a lecture at the United States Capitol, at the invitation apparently from his mentor, a 33rd degree Mason named Peter Solomon, who is the head of the Smithsonian Institution. Solomon has also asked him to bring a small, sealed package which he had entrusted to Langdon years earlier. When Langdon arrives at the Capitol, however, he learns that the invitation he received was not from Solomon, but from Solomon's kidnapper, Mal'akh posing as Solomon's assistant, who has left Solomon's severed right hand in the middle of the Capitol Rotunda in a recreation of the Hand of Mysteries. Mal'akh then contacts Langdon, charging him with finding both the Mason's Pyramid, which Masons believe is hidden somewhere in Washington, D.C., and the Lost Word, lest Solomon be murdered.

Langdon meets Inoue Sato, the head of the CIA's Office of Security. Sato claims that Mal'akh poses a threat to the national security of the U.S. and that his capture is more important than Peter's rescue, although she refuses to elaborate. Examining Solomon's hand, they discover a clue leading them to Solomon's Masonic altar in a room in the Capitol's sub-basement, where they find a small pyramid lacking a capstone, with an inscription carved into it.

Sato then confronts Langdon with the security x-ray taken of his bag when he entered the Capitol which reveals a smaller pyramid in the package Langdon brought in response to the request by the kidnapper posing as Solomon's assistant. Langdon explains that he was unaware of its contents, but Sato, refusing to believe it, attempts to take Langdon into custody. Before she can arrest him, however, she and Capitol Police Chief Trent Anderson are assaulted by Warren Bellamy, the Architect of the Capitol and a Freemason, who then flees with Langdon in the confusion. He later explains to Langdon that he too has been in contact with Mal'akh and wants Langdon's assistance in rescuing Peter.

Mal'akh is revealed to be a Freemason with tattoos covering almost his entire body. He infiltrated the organization in order to obtain an ancient source of power, which he believes Langdon can unlock for him in return for Peter Solomon's life. Several chapters also delve into Mal'akh's history with Peter Solomon: many years earlier, Peter bequeathed a large sum of inheritance money to his rebellious son, Zachary, who then fled the Solomon household and led a reckless life in Europe until he was arrested and imprisoned in Turkey for smuggling drugs. Peter flew to Turkey and was given the chance to obtain his immediate release in exchange for a bribe, but decided to have Zachary extradited in a week's time in order to teach him a lesson about using money to avoid the consequences of one's actions. Zachary was apparently murdered by his cellmate who got his hands on Zachary's fortune and fled to the island of Syros in Greece to lead a luxurious life under the name Andros Dareios. Dareios, however, soon grew tired of his life. Apparently having spoken with Zachary about Solomon's life as a Mason, Dareios broke into Solomon's home to find the pyramid, but accidentally killed Peter's mother Isabel and was in turn shot and left to fall into a frozen river by a vengeful Solomon. Surviving the fall, Dareios nursed himself back to health, covered his scars and eventually his entire body with tattoos and set off on a mission to infiltrate the Freemasons and gain access to their secrets, adopting the name Mal'akh.

As Langdon deals with the events into which he has been thrust, Mal'akh destroys the Smithonsonian-sponsored laboratory of Dr. Katherine Solomon, Peter's younger sister, where she has conducted experiments in Noetic Science, in the process ambushing and almost killing Katherine in a cat-and-mouse chase, but Katherine manages to escape and meet up with Langdon and Bellamy. Eventually, when cornered by the authorities, Bellamy is forced to give himself up while Langdon and Katherine escape. Both are later apprehended by Sato's team. Following clues regarding Mal'akh's previous identity as Peter Solomon's psychiatrist, Dr. Christopher Abaddon, Sato allows Langdon and Katherine to rush to his mansion to confront him, but Mal'akh ambushes them and murders their CIA escort. Meanwhile, as he is being interrogated by Sato, Bellamy expresses belief that Sato is working with Mal'akh but Sato assures Bellamy that she is also pursuing Mal'akh in the interest of national security and displays evidence that visibly shocks Bellamy.

Mal'akh places Langdon into an airtight sensory deprivation tank, where he interrogates Langdon by slowly filling the tank with liquid. He is able to convince Langdon to decipher the code at the pyramid's base, but continues to fill the tank until Langdon drowns and apparently dies. Mal'akh then ties Katherine to a chair and inserts an open-ended transfusion needle into her arm and leaves her to bleed to death then flees with a weakened Peter Solomon to the Temple Room of the Scottish Rite's House of the Temple. He uses the threat of not calling an ambulance for Katherine as further coercion for Peter's cooperation. Sato leads a team of agents to the mansion after Langdon and Katherine's escort fails to check in and are able to save Katherine's life. After a near-death experience, Langdon is revealed to have survived due to the "water" in the tank actually being breathable oxygenated liquid and the tank being a device for meditation. Sato and Langdon race to the House of the Temple where Mal'akh threatens to release a heavily edited video showing government officials performing secret Masonic rituals (the same video that Sato showed to Bellamy), which without context, appears highly disturbing. Mal'akh forces the Word—the unpronounceable circumpunct—out of Peter and tattoos it on his head on the last portion of unmarked skin on his body. Mal'akh then orders Peter to sacrifice him, as he believes that it is his destiny to become a demonic spirit and lead the forces of evil. When Peter claims that he will do so without hesitation to avenge his son and mother, Mal'akh shocks Peter by revealing that he is actually Zachary Solomon himself, having conspired with the prison warden to fake his death by disfiguring the body of another inmate beyond recognition (at the same time, Katherine and Bellamy discover several photos of Zachary in Greece after his supposed death that show his gradual transformation into Mal'akh). With tears in his eyes, Peter prepares to stab Zachary but ultimately cannot bring himself to do so and drops the knife just as Langdon arrives and tackles him. Director Sato arrives at the Temple in a helicopter, which smashes the Temple's skylight, the shards of which fatally impale Zachary. The CIA then thwart Zachary's plan to transmit the video to several leading media channels using an EMP blast, disabling a cell tower in the network path leading from Zachary's laptop computer. Katherine arrives and she and Langdon then share a tearful reunion with Peter and mourn Zachary's death. Zachary is only briefly able to lament his body's mutilation before dying.

Later, Peter informs Langdon that the circumpunct Zachary tattooed on his head is not the Word. He also informs Katherine that he made back-ups of all of her noetic research data on his own computer, meaning her research can continue. Deciding to take Langdon to the true secret behind the Word, Peter leads him to the room atop the Washington Monument and tells him that the Word—a common Christian Bible, the Word of God—lies in the monument's cornerstone, buried in the ground beneath the monument's staircase. Langdon realizes that the words inscribed in the base of aluminum capstone (Masonic pyramid) atop the Monument spelled out Laus Deo which translate to Praise God.

Peter tells Langdon that the Masons believe that the Bible is an esoteric allegory written by humanity, and that, like most religious texts around the globe, it contains veiled instructions for harnessing humanity's natural God-like qualities—similar to Katherine's noetic research—and is not meant to be interpreted as the commands of an all-powerful deity. This interpretation has been lost amid centuries of scientific skepticism and fundamentalist zealotry. The Masons have (metaphorically) buried it, believing that, when the time is right, its rediscovery will usher in a new era of human enlightenment.

Characters

 * Robert Langdon: A professor of symbology at Harvard University and the protagonist of the novel.
 * Mal'akh:  Formerly known as Zachary Solomon, the son of Peter Solomon. A Mason whose body is covered with tattoos and the novel's main antagonist. After much growth hormones and steroid indulgence, he began to bore of this life-style and cultivate his mind in the Masonry ideals and practices. He renamed himself Mal'akh. Mal'akh sees himself as a physical manifestation of the angel Moloch, as he worshipped the Black Arts in order to grow stronger and he performed numerous aspects of black magic which allowed the angel to enter his body. Throughout the book, he also uses the name Dr. Christopher Abaddon to gain his father's trust, and Andros Dareios, a name he used while hiding out in Greece before the book's events.
 * Peter Solomon: A Smithsonian secretary, billionaire philanthropist, Freemason, father of Zachary Solomon, brother of Katherine Solomon, close friend of Robert Langdon and secondary antagonist. Mal'akh's kidnapping of Peter Solomon sets into motion Langdon's race to find the Mason's Pyramid and the Lost Symbol.
 * Katherine Solomon: Noetic scientist, sister of Peter Solomon, aunt of Zachary Solomon.
 * Isabel Solomon: mother of Peter and Katherine Solomon and grandmother of Zachary Solomon. She was killed ten years before the events of the book by Zachary, disguised as Andros Dareios.
 * Warren Bellamy: Architect of the Capitol and fellow Freemason to Peter Solomon. He aids Langdon and Katherine Solomon by helping them escape from Inoue Sato, briefly suspecting her of helping Mal'akh, but he later learns that he and Sato are on the same side.
 * Inoue Sato: the second-generation Japanese-American Director of CIA's Office of Security, from whom Langdon must flee after she accuses him of criminal acts.
 * Reverend Colin Galloway: Dean of Washington National Cathedral and fellow Freemason to Peter Solomon and Warren Bellamy.
 * Trent Anderson: Capitol police chief.
 * Jonas Faukman: Langdon's New York editor (named for Brown's real-life editor, Jason Kaufman).
 * Nola Kaye: CIA analyst, named after Elonka Dunin, Kryptos expert
 * Omar Amirana: A taxi driver
 * Mark Zoubianis: A hacker hired by Trish and Katherine to hack into an encrypted document.

Publication details
The Lost Symbol had been in development for several years; originally expected in 2006, the projected publication date was pushed back multiple times. When officially announced, the hardcopy book was on pre-order lists for months leading up to its release, being heavily ordered both in the United States and Canada. The book was published on September 15, 2009, with an initial print run of 6.5 million copies, the largest first printing in publisher Random House's history. Electronic versions such as eBook and Audible book versions were also made available on the same date. The American release audio book was read by Paul Michael, who also performed the audio book for The Da Vinci Code.

The book immediately broke sales records, becoming the fastest selling adult-market novel in history, with over one million copies sold on the first day of release. By the end of the first week, a total of two million copies had been sold in the U.S., Canada, and UK. According to the publisher, the rapid sales prompted the printing of an additional 600,000 hardcover copies to the 5 million initially printed for the US market. On its first day the book became the #1 bestseller on Amazon.com, and the Amazon Kindle e-reader edition became the top-selling item on Amazon.com, outselling Amazon's sales of the hardback copy of the novel, which is the sixth best selling book of 2009 on pre-publication orders alone. The Lost Symbol also ranked as the #1 bestseller in Amazon's Canadian and British sites. Both Barnes & Noble and Waterstone's reported the book has broken all previous records for adult fiction in the United Kingdom. According to Nielsen BookScan data, 550,946 copies of The Lost Symbol were sold in its first week of sale, taking $7.49 million. By the end of the second sales week, Transworld intended to have 1.25 million copies printed.

By September 25 the book ranked #1 in the New York Times Best Seller list for hardcover fiction.

Reception
The New York Times praised the book as being "impossible to put down" and claimed Brown is "bringing sexy back to a genre that had been left for dead." Nevertheless, it noted the overuse of certain phrases and italics, as well as the lack of logic behind characters' motivations. It also likened Inoue Sato to Jar Jar Binks. Los Angeles Times said, "Brown's narrative moves rapidly, except for those clunky moments when people sound like encyclopedias." Newsweek called the book "contrived", saying that to get through The Lost Symbol, just like The Da Vinci Code, it was necessary to swallow a lot of coincidences, but the book was still a page-turner, and that Brown "is a maze maker who builds a puzzle and then walks you through it. His genius lies in uncovering odd facts and suppressed history, stirring them together into a complicated stew and then saying, what if?" The National Post's review called it a "heavy-handed, clumsy thriller" and that the character of the villain (Mal'akh) "bears an uncomfortably close similarity" to the Francis Dolarhyde character in Thomas Harris' 1981 novel Red Dragon. The Daily Telegraph said the novel was "not quite the literary train-wreck expected." TIME said the plot was fun, if bruising, but "It would be irresponsible not to point out that the general feel, if not all the specifics, of Brown's cultural history is entirely correct. He loves showing us places where our carefully tended cultural boundaries — between Christian and pagan, sacred and secular, ancient and modern — are actually extraordinarily messy." Novelist William Sutcliffe's review in the Financial Times panned the book as "a novel that asks nothing of the reader, and gives the reader nothing back", adding that it "is filled with cliché, bombast, undigested research and pseudo-intellectual codswallop". The digested read by John Crace in The Guardian ends with Robert Langdon begging Dan Brown "Please don't wheel me out again." Slovene philosopher and cultural critic Slavoj Žižek described the book as "a candidate for the worst novel ever".

Cancelled film
Following the worldwide successes of The Da Vinci Code in 2006 and Angels & Demons in 2009, which were both based on Brown's novels, starring Tom Hanks as Robert Langdon and produced and directed by Ron Howard, Columbia Pictures began production on a film adaptation of The Lost Symbol. Hanks and Howard were expected to return for the film adaptation of The Lost Symbol, along with the franchise's producers Brian Grazer and John Calley. Sony Pictures eventually hired three screenwriters for the project, beginning with Steven Knight and then hiring Brown himself. In March 2012, Danny Strong was also hired to collaborate on the adaptation. Howard had eventually bowed out of directing, and Mark Romanek was being looked at to replace him.

According to a January 2013 article in Los Angeles Times, the final draft of the screenplay was due sometime in February, with pre-production expected to start in the mid-2013. In July 2013, Sony Pictures announced they would instead adapt Inferno for an October 14, 2016, release date with Howard as director, David Koepp adapting the screenplay and Hanks reprising his role as Robert Langdon.

Television series
In June 2019, the project was announced to be re-conceived as a television series tentatively titled Langdon. The series will serve as a prequel to the film series, with Dan Dworkin and Jay Beattie serving as co-creators, showrunners and executive producers. Dan Brown, Ron Howard, Brian Grazer, Francie Calfo, Samie Falvey and Anna Culp will act as additional executive producers. The show will be a co-production between Imagine Television Studios, CBS Studios, and Universal Television Studios and was ordered to series on NBC. In March 2021, it was announced that the series was picked up to series by Peacock. In January 2022, the series was canceled after one season.

title: The Lost Symbol


text:
Carreau fluid

Carreau fluid in physics is a type of generalized Newtonian fluid where viscosity, $$ \mu_{\operatorname{eff}}$$, depends upon the shear rate, $$\dot \gamma$$, by the following equation:

\mu_{\operatorname{eff}}(\dot \gamma) = \mu_{\operatorname{\inf}} + (\mu_0 - \mu_{\operatorname{\inf}}) \left(1+\left(\lambda \dot \gamma\right) ^2 \right) ^ {\frac {n-1} {2}} $$

Where: $$\mu_0$$, $$\mu_{\operatorname{\inf}}$$, $$\lambda$$ and $$n$$ are material coefficients.

$$\mu_0$$ = viscosity at zero shear rate (Pa.s)

$$\mu_{\operatorname{\inf}}$$ = viscosity at infinite shear rate (Pa.s)

$$\lambda$$ = characteristic time (s)

$$n$$ = power index

The dynamics of fluid motions is an important area of physics, with many important and commercially significant applications.

Computers are often used to calculate the motions of fluids, especially when the applications are of a safety critical nature.

Carreau Fluid Shear Rates

 * At low shear rate ($$ \dot \gamma \ll 1/\lambda $$) a Carreau fluid behaves as a Newtonian fluid with viscosity $$ \mu_0 $$.
 * At intermediate shear rates ($$ \dot \gamma \gtrsim 1/\lambda $$), a Carreau fluid behaves as a Power-law fluid.
 * At high shear rate, which depends on the power index $$ n $$ and the infinite shear-rate viscosity $$ \mu_{\operatorname{\inf}} $$, a Carreau fluid behaves as a Newtonian fluid again with viscosity $$ \mu_{\operatorname{\inf}} $$.

Origin of Carreau Fluid Model
The model was first proposed by Pierre Carreau.

title: Carreau fluid


text:
User:Presscorr

Contact email [mailto:info@presscorr.com info@presscorr.com]

title: User:Presscorr


text:
KMPC

KMPC (1540 AM, "Radio Korea", 라디오코리아) is a commercial radio station in Los Angeles, California. It is owned by P&Y Broadcasting Corporation. Radio Korea is a division of the Radio Korea Media Group. The station airs Korean–language programming, a blend of talk, news, information, and music for the largest Korean–American community in the United States, and the largest Korean community outside Korea. KMPC is one of four radio stations in the greater Los Angeles area that broadcast entirely in Korean. The others are 1190 KGBN Anaheim, 1230 KYPA Los Angeles and 1650 KFOX Torrance.

KMPC broadcasts at 50,000 watts by day, the highest power permitted for commercial AM stations. At night, to reduce interference to other stations on AM 1540, KMPC drops its power to 37,000 watts. It uses a directional antenna at all times. The transmitter is off Carter Drive in the El Sereno district of Los Angeles.

KPOL
On September 22, 1952, the station signed on with the call sign KPOL. It ran 5,000 watts and was originally a daytimer, required to be off the air at sunset. It was owned by Coast Radio Broadcasting Corporation. In 1958, it added an FM station at 93.9 MHz, KPOL-FM (now KLLI). Then in 1965, it put a television station on the air, Channel 22 KPOL-TV (now KWHY-TV).

KPOL 1540 went on the air 10 minutes after receiving Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval. The following year, its power was increased to 10,000 watts. Full time operations were added in 1958, with a power of 10,000 watts at night using a directional antenna array. Daytime power was increased to 50,000 watts in 1961.

In its early years, KPOL aired several polka music programs. That gave the station its call letters. Tom Kennedy, later a popular TV game show host, was a polka DJ on the station during this era.

In 1959, KPOL advertised on a billboard at Los Angeles's Wrigley Field, which can be seen in the television series Home Run Derby.

In 1966, KPOL-AM-FM were sold to Capital Cities Broadcasting for $7.8 million.

For many years, KPOL aired an easy listening/beautiful music format on both AM and FM. In the late 1970s, the station switched to a soft adult contemporary format. In August 1978, it began carrying the syndicated Larry King Show overnight.

KZLA
In 1979, the station's call sign was changed to KZLA while airing a more upbeat adult contemporary format, simulcast with 93.9 KZLA-FM. But with several other AC stations in Los Angeles, KZLA-AM-FM had trouble achieving significant ratings.

In 1980, with no country music station on FM in Los Angeles, KZLA-AM-FM flipped to a country format.

As of 2006, the KZLA calls are assigned to a Rhythmic Oldies station serving Fresno, California.

Spanish language era
In 1984, the station was sold to Spanish Broadcasting System for $5 million. In December 1984, the station's call sign was changed to KSKQ, and it adopted a Spanish language format as "La Super KQ". (KSKQ is now a non-commercial educational station in Ashland, Oregon.)

On August 4, 1992, its call sign was changed to KXED, and it aired a Mexican pop/contemporary format branded "La Grande" or The Big One. On March 29, 1996, the station's call sign was changed to KXMG. In late 1996, its format was changed from Regional Mexican to Spanish oldies.

Sports era
In 1997, One on One Sports Inc. of Northbrook, Illinois, purchased the station and changed its format to sports, as an owned-and-operated network affiliate of One-on-One Sports, later known as Sporting News Radio, a nationally syndicated 24/7 sports network. On December 19, 1997, its call sign was changed to KCTD. One on One Sports also bought AM stations in the New York City and Chicago areas, so it would have its programming available in the largest, second largest and third largest radio markets.

On March 28, 2000, the call sign was changed to KMPC. In 2000, One-on-One Sports was acquired by Paul Allen's Vulcan Ventures, and ownership of KMPC was transferred to Paul Allen's Rose City Radio Corporation. The KMPC call letters had long been used in Los Angeles on AM 710 (now KSPN). On February 10, 2003, the station began to be branded "1540 The Ticket", concurrent with the launch of a new local morning show, hosted by Roger Lodge.

The station covered Southern California sports teams, including the San Diego Chargers. It also aired select Westwood One sports programming not carried by CBS Radio's KFWB and KLSX. Among the many Westwood One games KMPC carried include NCAA basketball, PGA Tour golf tournament updates (mostly those covered by CBS Sports television), the Masters Tournament and NFL football (including Monday Night Football on occasion).

In 2006, KMPC lost the broadcast rights to University of Southern California Trojans basketball and football to rival 710 KSPN. KMPC acquired the local broadcast rights of the University of Notre Dame's football games from Westwood One. The station also stopped covering NASCAR races after having done so for several years. The station's regular talk-show hosts included Tony Bruno, who began his morning show in April 2005 following the departure of Roger Lodge; Dave Smith, Fred Roggin, and former USC football player Petros Papadakis.

Former Los Angeles Dodgers broadcaster Ross Porter filled in for Roggin in May 2005.

Roger Nadel, former GM of all-news KFWB in Los Angeles, was General Manager.

In June 2006, former afternoon host and KNBC-TV sports director Fred Roggin left KMPC, resulting in a shift in the station's daily programming lineup and the addition of a new program, the Atlanta-based 2 Live Stews.

On September 5, 2006, it was announced that Sporting News Radio would be sold to American City Business Journals for an undisclosed price. In October 2006, the station fired all local on-air staff.

Radio Korea
In 2007, the station was sold to P&Y Broadcasting for $33 million, and it began to air Korean language programming as "Radio Korea". In April 2013, KMPC began airing Korean language broadcasts of Los Angeles Dodgers baseball games.

title: KMPC