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Diffa Region

Diffa is one of the seven Regions of Niger, located in the southeast of the country. The capital of the region is Diffa.

Geography
Diffa Region is situated in the extreme southeast of Niger between 10° 30’ and 15° 35’ longitude East and 13° 04’ and 18° 00’ latitude North. It covers 156 906 km², and it borders Agadez Region to the north, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, and Zinder Region to the west. The landscape is primarily Sahelian in the south, merging into the Sahara desert in the north of the region. In the far southeast can be found Niger's portion of Lake Chad; formerly extending as far west as N'guigmi, the lake has shrunk drastically in recent decades. In the southeast, the Komadougou Yobe river forms part of the border with Nigeria.

Settlements
Diffa is the regional capital; other major settlements include Bosso, Chetimari, Dungass, Gueskerou, Goudoumaria, Kablewa, Mainé-Soroa, N'Gourti, N'Guelbély, N'guigmi and Toumour.

Administrative subdivisions
Diffa Region is divided into six Departments:
 * Bosso Department
 * Diffa Department
 * Goudoumaria Department
 * Maine-soroa Department
 * N'Gourti Department
 * N'guigmi Department

The Region also includes three Urban Communes, a number of Rural Communes, four Cantons, and over twenty Groupments (administrative councils of nomadic communities). The Urban Communes are Diffa, Maïné-Soroa, N'guigmi; while the Rural Communes include Bosso, Chétimari, Goudoumaria, N'Gourti, Kabléwa, Nguel beyli, and Gueskérou.

Demographics
The main ethnolinguistic groups in the region are Arabs, Fula, Hausa, Kanuri, Buduma, and Toubou.

Refugees
Refugees from Nigeria fleeing violence from Boko Haram are living with local populations in the Diffa Region. As of 11 June 11, 2014, the International Rescue Committee (IRC) estimated that as many as 1,000 refugees a week were crossing the border into Diffa region; four out of five were women and girls. By October 2015 the number of Nigerian refugees in the region had risen to at least 150,000. After a lull in the fighting in 2017-18, violence increased in 2019, further worsening an already fragile security situation.

Economy

The economy of Diffa Region is primarily agricultural, based upon pastoralism and farming. The major crop, grown both for subsistence and sale, is millet, especially the drought-tolerant varieties. One third of arable land is devoted to farming: almost 105,000 hectares farmed of the 299,500 hectares of arable land. Areas of the east and south also grow rice and maize. Irrigation in the valleys around Maïné-Soroa make this possible, as does the edge of Lake Chad (3,000 km² in the far east) and the seasonal Komadougou Yobe river valley in the south, which forms around 150 km of the border with Nigeria. Despite this, the Diffa Region is among the most unproductive agricultural areas in Niger, and all of West Africa, making it especially vulnerable to drought and famine.

title: Diffa Region


text: Category:Polish dentists

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Peter Desaga

Peter Desaga was a German instrument maker at the University of Heidelberg who worked with Robert Bunsen. Collaborating with Bunsen in 1855 on interior facilities for the new chemical laboratory at the university, Desaga perfected an earlier design of the laboratory burner by Michael Faraday into the Bunsen burner.

Neither Desaga nor Bunsen patented the design, and many imitations were marketed.

The Bunsen burner was essential to the invention of the spectroscope by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff.

Peter Desaga's son, Carl Desaga, founded C. Desaga.

title: Peter Desaga


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Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova

Princess Yekaterina Romanovna Dashkova (born Countess Vorontsova; Екатери́на Рома́новна Да́шкова [Воронцо́ва]; 28 March 1743 – 15 January 1810) was an influential noblewoman, a major figure of the Russian Enlightenment and a close friend of Empress Catherine the Great. She was part of the coup d'état that placed Catherine on the throne, the first woman in the world to head a national academy of sciences, the first woman in Europe to hold a government office and the president of the Russian Academy, which she helped found. She also published prolifically, with original and translated works on many subjects, and was invited by Benjamin Franklin to become the first female member of the American Philosophical Society.

Early life and education
Born into an old House of Vorontsov, Countess Yekaterina Romanovna was the daughter of Count Roman Vorontsov (1717–1783), a member of the Senate, and his wife, Marfa Ivanovna Surmina (1718–1745), divorced Princess Dolgorukova. Her uncle Mikhail Illarionovich and older brother Alexander both served as Imperial Chancellor. Her younger brother Semyon was a Russian ambassador to Great Britain, and a celebrated Anglophile. She had two older sisters: Maria, later Countess Buturlin, who married Count Peter Buturlin, and Elizabeth, who married state advisor Alexander Polyansky. Among her godparents were Empress Elizabeth I and Grand Duke Peter Petrovich, later Emperor Peter III; her mother was a lady-in-waiting and very close friend of the Empress.

When Yekaterina was just 2 years old, Marfa died and Count Roman was an absent father, so the children were sent to different places. Alexander continued to live with their father, but Semyon was raised in the countryside by their grandfather and the three sisters went to live with their uncle Mikhail at the lavish Vorontsov Palace., who provided his nieces with an exceptionally good education and spared no expenses with them.

Yekaterina learned several languages (Russian, French, Italian and German), studied mathematics at the University of Moscow and read French literature – according to her memoirs, her favourites were Bayle, Montesquieu, Boileau and Voltaire. She also developed an interest in politics at a very young age and was allowed by her uncle to go through his papers, reading diplomatic letters from Russian ambassadors to illustrious foreigners like the Emperor of China (the content of which she describes in her memoirs), which gave her an inside look at how diplomacy worked. She grew up a well-educated, well-read, bright and intelligent girl.

Life at court and marriage
Just like her older sisters, Yekaterina went to live at the Russian court when she became a teenager and, by favour of her godmother Empress Elizabeth I, appointed as one of her maids-of-honour. There, she became acquainted with the Grand Duchess Ekaterina Alexeyevna, 14 years older than her, and the pair bonded over their love of literature, particularly French Enlightenment authors, like Voltaire. She supported the Grand Duchess through her difficult marriage to Grand Duke Peter Petrovich. For Yekaterina's embarrassment, her sister Elizabeth became Peter's mistress.

At 15, she met 22-year-old Second Lieutenant Prince Mikhail Dashkov of the Imperial Guards and the two fell in love. The couple went to live in Moscow and married a year later, in February 1759. She became known as Princess Vorontsova-Dashkova  or simply Princess Dashkova. The couple had three children: Anastasia (born in February 1760), Mikhail (born in January 1761) and Pavel (born in May 1763). Her son Mikhail died in the autumn of 1762.

Catherine's coup d'état
The couple was close friends with Grand Duchess Ekaterina Alexeyevna and disliked the Grand Duke Peter, fearing for the future of Russia under the rule of the pro-Prussia future tsar. In December 1761, Empress Elizabeth became severely ill and died January 5, 1762. Her nephew ascended the throne, began undoing her policies and kept a submissive position towards his idol and Russia's enemy, Frederick the Great, much to the displeasure of his court and military. Yekaterina, along with several nobleman and members of the Imperial Guards, led a coup d'état against him on June 28, 1762, that put his wife on the throne.

She continued to be loyal to the newly crowned Empress Catherine. However, their friendship gave place to a more estranged relationship as Yekaterina often disliked the men the Empress took as lovers, and often resented the graces and devotion shown to them. She was also disappointed when her request to become a colonel of the Imperial Guards was denied. There were also some tensions over what Catherine the Great called in her letters an exaggerated account of her friend taking the lead part in the coup d'état. She may have also done this to belittle Yekaterina's resolve and ambition, which made her a potential rival in her eyes, capable of taking her away from the throne as she had been of putting her there.

Foreign travels
When Prince Dashkov died in 1764, Yekaterina decided to ask to leave court and was granted permission, starting in 1768 a 14-year-long journey through Europe, where she was welcomed in several courts with respect and admiration.

Paris
In Paris, she became good friends with Diderot and Voltaire, who admired and respected her. She also met Benjamin Franklin in the French capital on February 3, 1781 and the two became close friends, corresponding frequently and showing mutual respect and admiration.

United Kingdom and Ireland
Yekaterina also corresponded with Garrick, Dr. Blair, and Principal William Robertson, meeting them during her visit to the United Kingdom and entrusting the education of her son Pavel to the latter. She was also friends with English painter Georgiana Hare-Naylor, daughter of Jonathan Shipley, whom she met in London.

She lived in Edinburgh from December 1776 to June 1779 at Palace of Holyrood, where she was involved and wounded in a sword duel with another lady, and donated a collection of Russian commemorative medals to the University of Edinburgh on the occasion of her son Pavel's graduation from that school.

Having recovered from her duel wound, she traveled to Ireland to visit her friend Lady Catherine Hamilton, daughter of John Ryder, the Archbishop of Tuam. She can be seen in a painting by Francis Wheatley watching from a balcony a review of the Dublin Volunteers on November 4, 1779, during her Irish visit.

Career
At the end of 1782, Yekaterina returned to Russia and was welcomed by the Empress. Her son Pavel had become an adjutant of Grigory Potyomkin and married a lower-class woman, Anna Alferova, in January 1788, later leaving her for his mistress. Her daughter Anastasia was forced into an arranged marriage, ending in debt and involved in many scandals.

In January 1783, the princess was appointed director of the Imperial Academy of Arts and Sciences (known now as the Russian Academy of Sciences) by Catherine the Great. She became the first woman in the world to head a national academy of sciences. Famous in her own right as a philologist, she guided the ailing Academy to prominence and intellectual respectability. In October 1783, Yekaterina was also named the first president of the newly created Russian Academy and launched a project for the creation of a 6-volume dictionary of the Russian Languages in 1789. In 1783, she was the first foreign woman elected an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and was invited by her friend Benjamin Franklin to become the first woman to join the American Philosophical Society in 1789.

Exile and death
When the Empress died in 1796 and her son Emperor Paul I succeeded her, Yekaterina was sent into exile by the new tsar "to meditate on the events of 1762". Eventually, the exile was ended after a petition of her friends and she was allowed to spend the last years of her life on her rural estate in Troitskoye, Zhukovsky District, Kaluga Oblast, west of Moscow.

In 1803, Catherine Hamilton sent her cousin Martha Wilmot (1775–1873) to visit the princess in Russia; in 1805, Wilmot was joined by her sister Catherine (1773–1824) and the two sisters ended up living with Yekaterina as her companions, editing and translating her memoirs to English (they were originally written in French). Martha was like a daughter to the princess, who even called the Anglo-Irish woman Mavra Romanovna as if she had actually adopted her, leaving her a fortune and some material possessions upon her death. Catherine left Russia in 1807 and Martha in October 1808.

Her son Pavel died in January 1807 and bequeathed his fortune to his cousin Ivan Vorontsov.

Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova died in Moscow on 4 January 1810, at 66 years of age.

Works and legacy
Besides her work on the 6-volume dictionary of the Russian Languages, Yekaterina edited a monthly magazine, and wrote at least two novels: The Marriage of Fabian and a comedy entitled Toissiokoff. The University of Edinburgh opened in 2010 the Princess Dashkova Russian Centre in her honor. Her memoirs were published in French in 1804 (Mon Histoire), then edited and translated to English by Martha Wilmot in 1840 in two volumes (Memoirs of the Princess Daschkaw, written by herself) and the Russian version of her memoirs was translated by Alexander Herzen in 1857.

Exhibitions
The Princess and the Patriot: Ekaterina Dashkova, Benjamin Franklin and the Age of Enlightenment exhibition was held in Philadelphia, USA from February to December 2006. They met only once, in Paris in 1781. Franklin was 75 and Dashkova was 37. Franklin and Dashkova were both evidently impressed with each other. Franklin invited Dashkova to become the first woman to join the American Philosophical Society in 1789. Later, Dashkova reciprocated by making him the first American member of the Russian Academy. The correspondence between Franklin and Dashkova was the highlight of the exhibition.

Compositions
Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova was also an accomplished composer. She loved to compose her own music and collect and transcribe the folk music of Russia. As a child, she was given art and music lessons but was not able to become a professional musician until later on in life because it was considered to be appropriate for a noble lady. Amateur music concerts were a component in the earlier years of Catherine the Great's reign. At these concerts, Yekaterina would often perform her songs even though her husband and Catherine the Great would make fun of them. Dashkova composed a variety of pieces in a variety of languages throughout her lifetime. For example, she composed arias, songs, spiritual hymns, and folk songs in Russian, English, French and Italian.

Short list of compositions:

 * A Collection of Airs
 * Andante
 * Air Russe
 * Sweet Enslaver
 * How Imperfect is Expression
 * Nel dirti addio bel idol mio

title: Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova


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Dosso Region

Dosso is one of the eight Regions of Niger. The region has an area of 31002 km2, with a population of 2,754,500 as of 2020.

History
The region of Dosso is the historic centre of the Dosso Kingdom, which had its capital at Dosso. Today the palace of the Sultanate of Dosso remains as a symbol of the aristocratic ruling class of the kingdom. The region was traditionally populated by Zarma people who are believed to have migrated from the Lake Débo area of what is now Mali during the time of the Songhai Empire.

Geography
Dosso borders Tahoua Region to the northeast, Nigeria to the southeast (specifically Sokoto State and Kebbi State), Benin (Alibori Department) to the southwest, and Tillabéri Region to the northwest. The region's border with Benin is formed by the river Niger. Part of the Dallol Bosso valley runs through the region; part of this area is protected as the Dosso Reserve, and contain some of the last remaining herds of West African giraffe.

Settlements
Dosso is the regional capital; other major settlements include Birni N'Gaouré, Dioundiou, Dogondoutchi, Falmey, Gaya, Loga and Tibiri (Doutchi).

Administrative subdivisions
Dosso was divided into 5 Departments (Boboye Department, Dogondoutchi Department, Dosso Department, Gaya Department and Loga Department), but the number of departments was increased to 8 with the new departments being Dioundiou Department, Falmey Department, and Tibiri Department. The division into 5 urban administrative divisions (communes urbaines) and 38 rural administrative divisions (communes rurales), 1 province, 15 cantons and 3 nomadic grouping was left unchanged.

Climate
The temperature ranges from 18 C to 41 C during the scorching, partly cloudy dry season and a scorching, partly cloudy wet season.

Temperature
Climate change is causing a warmer, drier climate in the Dosso Region, with temperature trends showing positive signs of warming.

Demographics
Like most regions of Niger, the population of the region of Dosso has rapidly grown since independence. From 693,207 in 1977, its population increased to 1,018,895 by 1988, and to 1,479,095 by 2001. Dosso region has the third highest population density (61.4 inhabitants/km2), below that of Niamey and Maradi regions. Most people live in rural areas, with only 10.4% of the population residing in urban areas. Other demographic statistics are similar to the national averages. The main ethnolinguistic groups are the Fulani, Hausa, Tuareg and Zarma (also referred to as 'Djerma'). The region is also a major centre of the Maouri, a Hausa sub-group who have retained their traditional animist belief.

title: Dosso Region


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Talk:List of artificial objects on Mars

Untitled
If giving a Total estimated dry mass (kg), the list should include all of the material brought along with the landers. For example, Curiosity had a heat shield, backshell, parachute and sky crane which should all be consider part of the total mass of "artificial objects" on Mars.

According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_rover, "Curiosity comprised 23% of the mass of the 3,893 kg (8,580 lb) Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) spacecraft, which had the sole mission of delivering the rover safely across space from Earth to a soft landing on the surface of Mars. The remaining mass of the MSL craft was discarded in the process of carrying out this task."

-- Dan Loeb publisher@pjvoice.com

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.162.101.50 (talk) 16:54, 3 April 2013 (UTC)

Wonder if it's worth creating a list of artificial satellites around Mars? I'll create a link at the bottom, and see what happens... --CharlesC 23:39, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

The NASA rovers Spirit/Opportunity have incorrect locations, those are just the landing locations, but they've travelled since that time significantly.

Anyone know why there's a longitude of 354.something° E? Benizi Answered my own question: areocentric coordinates, apparently; anyone want to Wikify that? Benizi

Exactly how are these objects artificial?

 * Man made Ricnun 10:23, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

What about the Mars mission that crashed on the surface of Mars due to technical errors? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.89.84.140 (talk) 04:13, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

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Status column
I'd like to add a "Status" column, like List of man-made objects on the Moon has. I'm ready to add it in but I figured I should mention it here first. If nobody objects within the next few days, I'll go ahead and do it. Sephalon1 (talk) 10:48, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Well nobody seemed to object, so I went ahead and added it. I only have a ref on one entry (Pathfinder), because all the other entries have the information in their specific WP articles. For some reason, though, the Pathfinder article never states the mission duration in sols. Hence the external ref.Sephalon1 (talk) 08:17, 7 December 2011 (UTC)

Removed the Refimprove
I removed the Refimprove. I think everything is properly sourced now. But I am still fairly new at this, so I might not be clear on WP's sourcing policy. I'm assuming (am I wrong?) that it is ok to link to another WP article which in turn sources it externally. For instance, the mission dates of the various missions are not individually sourced here, but they are sourced in their WP pages, which are linked to in the table. Sephalon1 (talk) 06:25, 20 May 2012 (UTC)

Soviet probes
I would need to look up figures for this but I'm pretty certain that the Soviet landers were not as massive as listed in the table (1210kg)- I suspect that number was the total mass of the lander plus orbiter. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.147.177.77 (talk) 23:22, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

Beagle 2
Beagle 2 has been found and should now be added to the table. Hektor (talk) 17:07, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

ExoMars Lander
The crashed Exomars lander should be added — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.11.90.230 (talk) 11:04, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Tianwen 1 Lander
Is the Tianwen-1 lander still active. i think it is inactive as firstly the rover may have driven away from the reaches of the lander, secondly it has no instruments and is im-mobile and so no need to be kept active and lastly it has no solar panels and had just enough energy to power the rover to remain alive till the deployment of rover's panels which might have exhausted by now so its inactive. so i am changing its colour to yellow. if wrong then talk here.Chinakpradhan (talk) 03:19, 3 June 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:52, 11 February 2022 (UTC)
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title: Talk:List of artificial objects on Mars


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Tahoua Region

Tahoua is one of eight Regions of Niger. The capital of the region is the commune of Tahoua. The region covers 106,677 km².

Geography
Tahoua borders Agadez Region to the northeast, Maradi Region to the southeast, Nigeria's Sokoto State to the south, and Mali (Gao and Kidal regions), Dosso Region and Tillabéri Region to the west. Much of the region lies with the Sahel, merging into the Sahara desert in the north.

Settlements
Tahoua is the regional capital; other major settlements include Abalak, Bagaroua, Birni-N'Konni, Bouza, Illela, Keita, Madaoua and Tchintabaraden.

Administrative subdivisions
Tahoua is divided into 12 Departments and one commune:

 * Abalak Department
 * Bagaroua Department
 * Bkonni Department
 * Bouza Department
 * Illela Department
 * Keita Department
 * Madaoua Department
 * Malbaza Department
 * Tahoua Department
 * Tahoua City
 * Tassara Department
 * Tchin-Tabaraden Department
 * Tillia Department

Demographics
As of 2011 the population of Tahoua Region was 2,741,922. The main ethnolinguistic groups are the Hausa, Fulani, Arabs (Baggara) and Tuareg.

title: Tahoua Region


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Rhyodacite

Rhyodacite is a volcanic rock intermediate in composition between dacite and rhyolite. It is the extrusive equivalent of those plutonic rocks that are intermediate in composition between monzogranite and granodiorite. Rhyodacites form from rapid cooling of lava relatively rich in silica and low in alkali metal oxides.

Description
Under IUGS guidelines, rhyodacites are not formally defined in either the QAPF classification, used to classify igneous rocks by their mineral content, or the TAS classification, used to classify volcanic rocks chemically. However, the IUGS allows the use of the term to describe rocks close to the boundary between the rhyolite and dacite fields in each classification scheme. Rhyodacite then describes a fine-grained igneous rock containing between 20% and 60% quartz and in which plagioclase makes up about two-thirds of the total feldspar content. Such a rock will contain between 69% and 72% silica by weight.

The U.S. Geological Survey defines rhyodacite as volcanic rock containing 20% to 60% quartz and with plagioclase making up 35% to 65% of the total feldspar content. This makes rhyodacite the extrusive equivalent of monzogranite.

In addition to its quartz and feldspar content, rhyodacite commonly contains phenocrysts of andesine, biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene. Quartz and sanidine phenocrysts are less common than in rhyolite, and rhyolite has only scant mafic phenocrysts.

Occurrence
Like other silica-rich compositions, rhyodacites are more abundant as pyroclastic rock than as lava flows. These include extensive ash flows and fallout sheets that are important stratigraphic markers.

Rhyodacite lava flows occur in northwestern Ferry County (Washington), and at An Sgùrr on the island of Eigg in Scotland.

title: Rhyodacite


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Zinder Region

Zinder Region is one of the seven regions of Niger; the capital of the region is Zinder. The region covers 145,430 km². It is the most populous province of Niger.

History
Numerous Palaeolithic and Neolithic remains, as well as cave paintings, have been found in the Termit Massif.

Zinder was the centre of the Sultanate of Damagaram, a powerful sultanate which dominated much of the surrounding region from the mid-18th century until the French conquest in the 1890s. Zinder was initially the capital of the Niger territory, however this was moved to Niamey in 1926 and thereafter Zinder declined in importance, though it remains an important regional centre.

Geography
Zinder Region is located in the southeast of Niger and covers 145,430 km². It borders Agadez Region to the north, Diffa Region to the east, Nigeria to the south (specifically, the states of Yobe, Jigawa and Katsina), and Maradi Region to the west. The landscape is primarily Sahelian in the south, merging into the Sahara desert in the north of the region. The terrain is predominantly flat, except for the Koutous Hills, which lie north of Kelle, and the Termit Massif in the far north of the region.

Settlements
Zinder is the regional capital; other major settlements include Alakoss, Albarkaram, Bande, Boune, Dakoussa, Dan-Barto, Dantchiao, Daouche, Dogo-Dogo, Falenko, Gaffati, Gamou, Garagoumsa, Gouchi, Gouna, Goure, Guidiguir, Hamdara, Ichirnawa, Kantche, Kelle, Kolleram, Kourni, Kwaya, Magaria, Malawa, Matameye, Mirriah, Moa, Ollelewa, Sassoumbroum, Tanout, Tenhya, Tesker, Tsaouni, Yaouri and Yekoua.

Administrative subdivisions
Zinder was divided into 5 Departments:
 * Goure Department
 * Magaria Department
 * Matameye Department
 * Mirriah Department
 * Tanout Department

Of the 27 administrative stations (postes administratifs) of Niger which were set out in a law dated 1 August 2011 to become departments and for which the appointment of prefects on 29 February 2012 completed the conversion, the following 5 are in Zinder region.
 * Belbédji Department
 * Damagaram Takaya Department
 * Dungass Department
 * Takiéta Department
 * Tesker Department

So, Zinder now has 10 departments and the city of Zinder.

Demographics

As of 2012 the population of the Region was 3,539,764. The main ethnolinguistic groups are various Arab groups, Fulani, Hausa, Kanuri, Dazaga Toubou and Tuareg groups such as the Tayart Tamajeq. The Tagdal language, thought to be a mixed Songhay-Tuareg language, is also spoken.

Economy
The region was the poorest in Niger and had the highest incidence of extreme poverty (60% of the population) according to World Bank data from 2018. The region was also hit hard by the 2005–2006 Niger food crisis.

Governors

 * Yahaya Yandaka - 2013-16
 * Issa Moussa - 2016–present

title: Zinder Region


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User:7 (usurped)

I Love number 7
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User talk:Sillybilly

Welcome!

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re: negawatt
I took a look as you requested and wikified a bit. I am a bit dubious about the notability of the term. You might want to list it on Requests for comment or if you feel strongly enough and have evidence file for deletion at Articles for deletion. But, please keep your comments on talk pages and edit summaries civil. Don't engage in name calling or derogatory comments. If the subject is getting to you then back away for a bit. Vsmith 02:35, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Under the circumstances/in the circumstances
The original meaning of "circumstance" is "around where you are standing", hence, strictly speaking, you can't be under a circumstance. However, I've since discovered that American articles use "under the circumstances" so frequently that it must be the norm over there. So, in future, I'll only alter articles on English historical figures, where "in the circumstances" is what would have been correct in their time. Thank you. CarolGray 17:52, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:PVModuleLabEffic.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:PVModuleLabEffic.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

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A Western Sahara-related vote
===>Here Make your voice heard. Vote or die. And all that. -Justin (koavf), talk 20:27, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Crossing flags
Please do not cross flags on your user page. This may offend others and is even considered a crime in many countries. I am sure you are able to express your valuable opinion in a respectful way. May I ask why you dislike a union you do not even belong to? Imagine someone crossed the flag of your country. ROGNNTUDJUU! 21:29, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Chrysene.png
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Image tagging for Image:Fluoranthene.png
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Energy portal
Hi! As a contributor to WikiProject Energy development, I thought you might like to be aware of the opportunity to contribute to the new Energy Portal, now that there is one... No need to reply. Gralo 17:42, 3 October 2006 (UTC)e

Image:Fluoranthene.png
Hello, could you please clarify the copyright status of this image. If you indeed wished it to be released under the GFDL please replace GFDL-presumed with GFDL-self by editing the image description page. Alternatively you can choose a different image copyright tag, or arrange for the image to be deleted. If you need help, please drop me a line on talk page. Thanks!-- thund e rboltz(Deepu) 06:13, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Reverts to Solar Power
Hello. I wondered why you felt the need to revert all my edits. I didn't insert a spam link to SunPower, in fact I took the mention of the company out of the article. I left in the 21% figure because it seemed to be relevant if that is the maximum that can currently be achieved, and I left the link to the article about the company because it is the source for that figure. I have no strong feelings if it is left out. On the other hand, I thought some of the other edits improved the flow and readability. On the date links I thought this was good practice but having looked at the Manual of Style then I see that you are right, so those can stay out. I have also left some questions on the talk page and would be very pleased if you had any responses to them. Itsmejudith 14:28, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks very much for taking the time to give me such a full reply. No offence taken at all, and I hope that we can continue with good-faith exchanges to co-operate on the article. Please be assured that this article means a lot to me as well. Some months ago I put in a lot of edits, removing great chunks of text to the Photovoltaics article. This was because when I first looked at Solar power I could make little sense of it, so much did it confuse solar thermal and PV. Since then user:mrshaba has come on the scene, who is an excellent editor. I think we should all be conscious of the to-do list for this article and my edits were supposed to come under the heading "check and polish prose". I strongly agree with you that the article must be entirely spam-free. My interest in the field is as a user of solar power (I have a PV roof, which is pretty rare for domestic houses in the UK.) I am not a scientist but can understand the science if it is explained simply; however I do have experience of writing and editing.

 * You raised the question of crystalline vs amorphous silicon. This is a real debate that cannot be resolved in Wikipedia. There are advantages and disadvantages to each which need to be fairly presented. The Solar power article is not the place for a full discussion, but only for a brief mention. A section should be added to Photovoltaics, perhaps with a longer explanation in Solar cell. These articles form a series that probably address different audiences. Since Solar power is the most general one in the series it should be accessible to those who are interested in it as a socio-politico-economic question rather than as a scientific-technical one. Itsmejudith 08:10, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Laszlo ratz.jpg
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Hi
Hi Sillbilly, what problem do you have with my edits, is it typos or is it something else ?Cadmium

 * Hi again. It looks like we may well think the same way about some things !! It irks me that a great deal of material is in the form of pay per view journals when as you said a great need exists to educate the masses. My history teacher said once that education should be something which occurs throughout your life, I say just becuase you are 18, 21, have a BSc/BA/BEng, have a PhD/MD (or what ever) one should not allow yourself to refuse to learn new things ! My attitude might not be one which some other wikipedia people like but it is oftein to create an article where nothing existed, make a rough and only slightly formatted article from what I know about before moving onto something else. My view is that a rough article which is NPOV is better than either nothing, POV formated to look pretty or an article packed with non-sense. From your edits I noticed you have an interest in nuclear matters (you were asking about reactor design on the chernobyl talk page), for my various 'outrages' (I have written a lot of NPOV matter about radioactivity/nuclear matters) I was given a Atom barnstar and if you have any questions then please feel free to ask me. Please no personal or rude questions (like questions about ladies underwear or other embrassing matters).Cadmium

I find the idea of renewables nice, but oftein they are not as good as they first appear to be. I have seen some data published by the UN which states how much CO2 (or other equivilent greenhouse gases) is created per kWhr of electric power. This is on the IAEA website, I can get your the exact url if you want. This suggested that wind and solar power are better than coal/gas/oil but worse than nuclear in terms of all the CO2 associated with the energy production. This study included all the greenhouse releases associated with the entire process of building and operating plant. So the CO2 from the cement used to build a windfarm was included, I thought that this was a brave and clever thesis. I worry that many people think that just becuase a device does not emit anything nasty it means that the device has a clean billof environmental health. All the zero emission cars are "emission elsewhere cars" becuase they need electrcity which is oftein generated by burning fuel.Cadmium

 * Unless the zero-emmission cars are running off-grid... then you only have the waste and CO2 of the production of the material (PV panels or turbines or whatnot).
 * Hey SillyBilly, I happened upon your chat with Cd about renewables... do you read (or used to read) HomePower magazine? I don't think it's terribly common in GB though.  It used to be a real handyman's guide to making your own power.  It's been soccer-mom'd in the last few years, glossier and fewer articles about Joe Schmuckenburger's home-made power system, but still a nice thing to give to people who give you that look (you pro'lly know what I mean) when you start talking about PVs and turbines.  Geez, I never thought to see what WP has to say about solar... I'm so going to check them out. Gaviidae 08:55, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree that soccermomming can be a good thing, to popularise and inform people about something. But in the process, it also lost something.  Still, I subscribe. Gaviidae 16:37, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Laszlo ratz.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Laszlo ratz.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

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Energy portal & future selected articles
Hi! Over the past couple of months I've been spending much more time than I should developing the Energy portal, and intend asking for a portal peer review within the next day or so. The portal provides a showcase for energy-related articles on Wikipedia. One of the most prominent ways is via a the selected article that is currently changed every 6 weeks or so. It would be good to increase this turnover, and with three Wikiprojects dedicated to energy-related topics and a good number of articles already written, I'd like to suggest that members of each Wikiproject might like to use the 'selected article' to feature some of their best work. With this in mind, I'd like to suggest that your Wikiproject bypasses the normal selected article nomination page and decides collectively which articles are worth featuring - or these may be self-evident from previous discussions - and add short 'introduction' to the selected article at the appropriate place on page Portal:Energy/Selected article/Drafts, which includes further information. Your personal involvement would be welcome! Please make any comments on your Wikiproject talk page, my talk page, or on Portal talk:Energy/Selected article/Drafts, as appropriate. Gralo 15:41, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Energy tower (downdraft)
I have added a "" template to the article Energy tower (downdraft), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. JdH 00:07, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Ciudad Real Torre Solar
I would appreciate it if you went down to Articles for deletion/Ciudad Real Torre Solar and give your opinion about this AfD. Thanks, JdH 13:12, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Please help improve Plug-in hybrid
You are listed as a participant in WikiProject Energy development, so I am asking you to please consider helping to improve the plug-in hybrid article. This is an ad hoc article improvement drive. BenB4 08:14, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

Frugality and Talk:Frugality== ==

Please do not add inappropriate external links to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a mere directory of links, nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Inappropriate links include (but are not limited to) links to personal web sites, links to web sites with which you are affiliated, and links that attract visitors to a web site or promote a product. See the external links guideline and spam policy for further explanations. Since Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, then please discuss it on the article's talk page rather than re-adding it. -- KelleyCook 01:29, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Fuel Cell
I have added back the Energy density of Fuel Cells. I specifically had to find this out, and looked for it first in Wikipedia and then from somewhere else when I couldn't find it in Wikipedia. A fuel cell is a energy storrage device. The energy density of it is vital, as that's what people are ftrying to increase, only when the Fuel cell energy density is greater than a battery will they start to be used. Mike Young 09:51, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Queen Mother Moore 17690472.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Queen Mother Moore 17690472.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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Redirects
Please do not create redirects which take the user out of article space, such as to an image. Doing so is not in accordance with Wikipedia redirect policies and results in an implausible search result. Thank you. Redfarmer (talk) 12:46, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Selected Energy Densities Plot
Thanks for the feedback on the plot. I have updated the plot per your feedback. I took out Telfon since I thought it was sketchy to have in the first place. I left Boron out mostly because it blew out the Y-axis such that it was hard to fit the assortment labels for all of the interesting hydrocarbons. Sorry to hear your hate of "self", it's actually a feature to me; I always get annoyed working in object-oriented languages that have an implicit "this". The indention requirements of Python are also quite natural to me as I always did them with other languages anyways. Your reference to BASIC amused me because tend to describe Python as "modern BASIC". Scott Dial (talk) 00:59, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

Mac
Mac is still around, using IPs instead of a named account. The main things that got him in trouble were copy/paste violations, unlikely POV redirects (sometimes to the very same page), and refusing to discuss anything. As for manufacturer info, it dances the line between providing useful encyclopedic information and spam. Too often there was a lot of prediction going on that could just as likely have been a way to drum up cash for some fraud as to give information to a reader (and no way to check which version was true). I believe in the spirit of Mac's work, which made me conflicted when butting heads with him. NJGW (talk) 00:23, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

File:Fluoranthene.png listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Fluoranthene.png, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted.  F ASTILYsock (T ALK ) 05:06, 19 August 2010 (UTC)

File:Chrysene.png missing description details
Dear uploader: The media file you uploaded as File:Chrysene.png is missing a description and/or other details on its image description page. If possible, please add this information. This will help other editors to make better use of the image, and it will be more informative for readers.

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If you have any questions please see Help:Image page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 15:20, 13 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Delete it - wasting space, no links to it. For stuff like this new standard these days is svg, textual image format.Sillybilly (talk) 02:57, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

Proposed Image Deletion
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All files in category Unclassified Chemical Structures listed for deletion
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Speedy deletion nomination of Pyron Solar

A tag has been placed on Pyron Solar requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about an organization or company, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, you can place a request here.  DGG ( talk ) 23:56, 11 August 2013 (UTC)

May 2014
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia. However, talk pages are meant to be a record of a discussion; deleting or editing legitimate comments, as you did at Talk:Adrianne Wadewitz, is considered bad practice, even if you meant well. Even making spelling and grammatical corrections in others' comments is generally frowned upon, as it tends to irritate the users whose comments you are correcting. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Thank you.  Supernerd11 :D Firemind ^_^ Pokedex  15:28, 10 May 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Dimethyl selenide
Thank you for your contribution, but it doesn't contain any text. Xx236 (talk) 06:51, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Dimethyl selenide

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a notice to inform you that a tag has been placed on Dimethyl selenide requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is an article with no content whatsoever, or whose contents consist only of external links, a "See also" section, book references, category tags, template tags, interwiki links, images, a rephrasing of the title, a question that should have been asked at the help or reference desks, or an attempt to contact the subject of the article. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

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Proposed deletion of File:Fcell diagram alkaline.gif

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Nomination of Thermic for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Thermic is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Thermic& until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

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title: User talk:Sillybilly


text:
Portal talk:Aviation/Anniversaries/June

This page is basically an experiment on my part, but if people want to expand its thats great too. What i want is to have a piece on the Portal:Aviation page that works like the Selected anniversaries does on the Main page.I'm not sure if it's possible without a lot of /'s (subpages?).If anyone could help that would be great. Trevor macinnis 12:20, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Interesting idea, but I think it might do better as a series of subpages under the aviation portal. It doesn't add new information that isn't already in the "year in aviation" pages. Thank you very much for explaining your experiment here! FreplySpang (talk) 22:15, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

OK, i wasn't sure if subpages were kosher (I though I read somewhere that they were discouraged, but anyways), if the general consensus is to make it a subpage then it will be done! Again, any help here (as well as with the portal overall) is appreciated.

title: Portal talk:Aviation/Anniversaries/June


text: User talk:70.88.130.16

title: User talk:70.88.130.16


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bounty Hunter Inc

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE   — Gwalla | Talk 20:13, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Bounty Hunter Inc
This page has no usefull information, nor do I find it comprehensabel (in otherwords, I think it is written in the "nonsense" language) --Admiral Roo 12:21, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. One-sentence substub on a non-notable online t-shirt shop.   — Gwalla | Talk 22:55, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity/advertising Tobycat 05:22, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
AWA United States Heavyweight Championship

The AWA United States Championship was a short-lived title in the early days of the American Wrestling Association. It started out as the NWA United States Championship promoted in the Chicago, Illinois from 1953 until 1958. in 1958 then champion Verne Gagne created the American Wrestling Association (AWA) based on Minneapolis, Minnesota and took the championship with him, claiming the lineage of the Chicago version. The Chicago promotion recognized Wilbur Snyder as their next champion, splitting the lineage into their own NWA United States Heavyweight Championship. The Minneapolis version of the championship was renamed the AWA United States Championship in 1960.


text:
Talk:Country codes: G

The international code for Grenada is shown as +352. This is the code for Luxembourg; the code for Grenada is, I believe, +1473.

title: Talk:Country codes: G


text:
Category:Rail transport in Germany

This is the highest level category for all subjects related to rail transport in Germany. Wherever possible articles should be placed in subordinate categories specific to their subject. Articles suitable for direct inclusion below are those of national (including Länderbahn) importance such as national railway companies (e.g. Royal Saxon State Railways), national rail systems (e.g. S-Bahn) or locomotive genres (e.g. Einheitsdampflokomotive), or lists of national significance (e.g. List of scheduled railway routes in Germany).

title: Category:Rail transport in Germany


text:
Jordan Hill Roman Temple

Jordan Hill Roman Temple is a Romano-Celtic temple and Roman ruin situated on Jordan Hill above Bowleaze Cove in the eastern suburbs of Weymouth in Dorset, England. Original amateur archaeological excavations on the site were carried out by J. Medhurst in 1843-6. These were followed by excavations by C.D. Drew and C.S. Prideaux during 1931-32 suggesting that the site was in operation between c. AD 69–79 to the late 4th century. Some of the finds from the excavations in the 1930s are in the Dorset Museum and the British Museum. There are other Roman sites nearby including Preston Roman Villa to the north west.

Temple
This is a Romano-British type temple, with a square-plan building situated within a courtyard or precinct. The floorplan of the temple measured 6.8 m2. The surrounding precinct measured 84 m2 and contained numerous deposits of animal bones, ceramics, and coins. The site may also have served as a late 4th-century signal station. The temple does not have an ambulatory but this is probably due to stone robbing. The site also includes a cemetery containing both cremations and inhumations.

Preservation and public access
The site was entrusted into the care of the State in 1933 initially cared for by the Ministry of Works and now in the guardianship of English Heritage who open it to the public with free access. The site was designated a Scheduled Monument in 1981. There are views from the site across Bowleaze Cove.

title: Jordan Hill Roman Temple


text:
Władysław Dobrzaniecki

Władysław Dobrzaniecki (24 September 1897 in Zielinka near Borszczów – 4 July 1941 in Lemberg, District of Galicia) was a Polish physician and surgeon.

Władysław was since 1936 head of the Saint Zofia Children Hospital in Lwów, and since 1938 titular professor of surgery at the Lviv University. He was a precursor of plastic surgery in Poland.

He was murdered by the Germans in Lviv during the Massacre of Lvov professors.

title: Władysław Dobrzaniecki


text:
Retro Gamer

Retro Gamer is a British magazine, published worldwide, covering retro video games. It was the first commercial magazine to be devoted entirely to the subject. Launched in January 2004 as a quarterly publication, Retro Gamer soon became a monthly. In 2005, a general decline in gaming and computer magazine readership led to the closure of its publishers, Live Publishing, and the rights to the magazine were later purchased by Imagine Publishing. It was taken over by Future plc on 21 October 2016, following Future's acquisition of Imagine Publishing.

History
The first 18 issues of the magazine came with a coverdisk. It usually contained freeware remakes of retro video games and emulators, but also videos and free commercial PC software such as The Games Factory and The Elder Scrolls: Arena. Some issues had themed CDs containing the entire back catalogue of a publisher, such as Durell, Llamasoft and Gremlin Graphics.

On 27 September 2005, the magazine's original publishing company, Live Publishing, went into bankruptcy. The magazine's official online forums described the magazine as "finished" shortly before issue #19 was due for release. However, rights to Retro Gamer were purchased by Imagine Publishing in October 2005 and the magazine was re-launched on 8 December 2005.

Retro Survival is a commercial CD retro games magazine put together by the freelance writers of Retro Gamer when Live Publishing collapsed. The CD was published in November 2005 and contains articles that would have appeared in Issue 19 of Retro Gamer, as well as several extras including a foreword by celebrity games journalist Mr Biffo.

In June 2004, a tribute to Zzap!64 was included, "The DEF Tribute to Zzap!64", celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Commodore 64 focused magazine.

It also includes interviews with leading 80s and 90s programmers, such as David Crane, Matthew Smith and Archer Maclean. Regular columns also feature such as Back to the 80s and 90s, Desert Island Disks (what games would a gaming celebrity take to a desert island) and From the Archives (a profile of a particular game developer or publisher).

The 'Making Of's' is a recurring feature in which well-known developers are interviewed about the creation and design process behind their games. Classic titles covered in past issues have included Breakout (Steve Wozniak), Dungeon Master (Doug Bell), Smash TV (Eugene Jarvis), Starfox (Jez San), Rescue on Fractalus! (David Fox/Charlie Kellner), Prince of Persia (Jordan Mechner), Berzerk (Alan McNeil), The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (Steve Meretzky), Crystal Castles (Franz X. Lanzinger), Tetris (Alexey Pajitnov), Sheep in Space (Jeff Minter) Out Run (Yu Suzuki) and Splat! (Ian Andrew).

Issue 48 (February 2008) contained an exclusive interview with Manic Miner creator Matthew Smith, written by freelancer Paul Drury after a visit to Smith's family home in Liverpool.

March 2010 (issue 75) saw John Romero collaborating with Retro Gamer, taking on the role of 'Guest Editor', taking charge of the magazine's editorial and splashing his own unique style to a number of his favorite articles and subjects throughout the magazine.

The magazine celebrated its 200th issue in October 2019 and as of March 2023, the staff consists of Editor Darran Jones, Production Editor Tim Empey, Features Editor Nick Thorpe and Art Editor Andy Salter.

The magazine posts its own issue preview videos on its YouTube channel, featuring editor Darran Jones and Production Editor Drew Sleep as hosts.

Digital version
Three DVDs with 25 to 30 issues each have been released over the years:
 * Retro Gamer eMag Load 1 (containing issues #1 to #30)
 * Retro Gamer eMag Load 2 (containing issues #31 to #55)
 * Retro Gamer eMag Load 3 (containing issues #56 to #80)

Retro Gamer is now available as an iOS app and can be downloaded onto iPhone and iPad.

Awards
Retro Gamer won Best Magazine at the 2010 Games Media Awards.

title: Retro Gamer


text:
Frank Randle

Frank Randle (born Arthur Hughes, also known as Arthur McEvoy or Arthur Twist; 30 January 1901 – 7 July 1957) was an English comedian. A contemporary of fellow Lancastrians George Formby and Gracie Fields, he was regarded as more subversive.

Life and career
Randle was born in Aspull, near Wigan, Lancashire, to unmarried domestic servant Rhoda Heathcote Hughes (1879-1965); his father was unrecorded. He left school aged 13 and worked in menial jobs until two years later when he joined an acrobatic troupe. He took the name Arthur McEvoy after his mother married mechanic Richard McEvoy in 1913. In 1928, Randle began to tour as a comedian, principally in Lancashire and Northern England. Randle appeared on stage carrying a red warning lamp, similar to the type found around road works, declaring "Look what some dam'd fool left in’t road". He developed his own show, Randle's Scandals, which in the 1950s featured Roy Castle.

Randle's mischievous wit led to a running conflict with Harry Barnes, a police chief constable of the Lancashire seaside resort of Blackpool, who frequently banned him from performing in the town's venues. He was prosecuted in 1952 on four charges of obscenity and fined £10 on each count. Randle responded to his critics in robust fashion, frequently throwing his false teeth into the audience and once bombarding Blackpool from an aeroplane with toilet rolls (according to an episode of Rude Britannia, broadcast by the BBC on 15 June 2010, the toilet roll bombardment actually took place over Accrington, not Blackpool). Randle's police charge sheet is lodged with Lancashire Archives.

On the outbreak of the Second World War, having failed his medical to join the RAF, Randle joined the Home Guard and established a career in film. His iconoclastic portrayal of the underdog, flouting authority and disrupting the establishment, found a ready audience in a population suffering the privations of war. He took equity in John E. Blakeley's Manchester-based Mancunian Film Studios, appearing in eight of its productions. In his last film, It's a Grand Life (1953), his co-star was Diana Dors.

Although he was reportedly taking £1,000 a week [at the box office] at Hulme Hippodrome in 1950, with the decline of Variety in the 1950s Randle's career declined. Pressed by debts and tax arrears, and suffering from the consequences of a life of alcohol abuse, he reportedly owed the Inland Revenue £56,000 in 1954 was made bankrupt by the tax authorities in 1955. He died in Blackpool of gastroenteritis in 1957 and is buried in Carleton Cemetery, Blackpool.

He had married May Annie Victoria Douglas, known as Queenie, in 1928 in Greenwich, London. There were no children but Manchester artist Arthur Delaney was alleged to be Randle's illegitimate son by fellow performer Genevieve Delaney (also known as Eve Delaney).

Randle's comedy achievement was celebrated in "Grin up North", a major touring exhibition that looked at the unique Northern sense of humour. He was most recently featured in an episode of BBC 4's Rude Britannia shown in June 2010.

In 2007, a celebratory plaque paid for by members of the Cuthbert Club was unveiled to Randle on Blackpool's North Pier. In 2010, the same organisation paid for the refurbishment of Randle's gravestone, which was unveiled in July 2010.

Filmography

 * Somewhere in England (1940)
 * Somewhere in Camp (1942)
 * Somewhere on Leave (1943)
 * Somewhere in Civvies (1943)
 * Home Sweet Home (1945)
 * Holidays with Pay (1948)
 * When You Come Home (1948)
 * Somewhere in Politics (1948)
 * School for Randle (1949)
 * It's a Grand Life (1953)

Bibliography and further reading

 * Nuttall, J. (1978) King Twist, ISBN 978-0710089779
 * Fisher, J. (1973) Funny Way to be a Hero, ISBN 978-1848093133
 * Band, B. (1995) Blackpool's Comedy Greats
 * Richards, J. (1994) Stars in our Eyes
 * Montgomery, J. (1954) Comedy Films : 1894–1954, ISBN 9780047910180
 * Mellor, J. G. (1982) They Made us Laugh, ASIN: B00SLS58X2

title: Frank Randle


text:
User:Dadabooker@yahoo.com

Dear Treszure guess what I found on the internet. it said something about getting that new playstation 3 that me and you wanted.

title: User:Dadabooker@yahoo.com


text:
Desert Speedtrap

Desert Speedtrap Starring Road Runner and Wile E. Coyote is an action game developed by Probe Software, that was released in 1994 for the Master System console and Game Gear color handheld system.

Gameplay
The Road Runner must outwit the Coyote, while maintaining his strength by eating birdseed.

Reception
Five reviewers on Electronic Gaming Monthly scored the Game Gear version an average score 7.4 out of 10, comparing it to an 8-bit version of Road Runner's Death Valley Rally. Four reviewers on GamePro scored the Game Gear version an average score 3.4 out of 5, criticizing its low quality graphics and music and it's hard difficulty. Power Unlimited gave the Game Gear version a score of 78% writing: "Packed with bonus levels, cartoon jokes and well-hidden power-ups. The character of Road Runner comes out very well. Fun, difficult and original."

title: Desert Speedtrap


text:
User talk:BrowardBulldawg

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. --W(t) 12:26, 2005 Jun 6 (UTC)

And please stop threatening other users with abusive messages on their talk pages. The users are are unlikely to either tolerate or be intimidated by said messages. --Jamieli 13:24, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. --W(t) 05:24, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)

Seeing as this isn't the first time you've made bad contributions, I think you very well know why I put your page up for deletion. But just because I have faith, here's a link for you to read all about what Wikipedia is about: Policies and guidelines Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 05:30, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. --W(t) 05:33, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)

Yo, homeboy
Look.

Don't take a look at my pic and say that I be lame

Fo' that there Kodachrome show's you just who be in dat plane

That's right foo, I'm flying my bling

Don't give me no wheels; give me those there wings.

You wanna call me a hater? Wanna call be "bitch?"

I've got an act that'll make your mind switch

I don't give a damn over White Dawg or you

I be friends to whoever and I argue with few

Why the anger, and why the hate?

I have none... and that be great

So why the threats, my fellow brotha?

I'm not a hater, but I be no White Dawg love-a!

If you can't accept me for who I am and label me as a wraith

Take a look Assume good faith and assume some good faith!

I say exactly what I mean to say

And from my words I don't run away.

I send you love, and you threaten to make me pay

See, the Wikipedia game isn't mean to be played that way

Come on, yo, stop acting like such a bidet!

As a Wikipedian I hope you decide to stay

And I hope that you even have a good day!

So before you call people "bitchass" "haters" or "gay",

Watch your mouth, be a brotha to all,

And think before you decide to play.

Happy editing, brotha. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk 21:12, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * Linuxbeak, you never left me a tune like that on my talk page.   ‡   Jarlaxle   04:16, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

Re:White Dawg
Um... you do realize that I'm a male? -- AllyUnion (talk) 04:51, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Pimpettes. Fascinating. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:08, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Fallen Desire
Please read WP:MUSIC. The googlin of "fallen desire" somoro returns 0 hits. Please reconsider your edits about non-notable musicians. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 05:50, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

Hello
Seriously, who is this? We have no idea. Goldstein307 06:08, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I'm homeboy from Sarasota, and in red is my crib. Goldstein307 06:14, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Do you drink Milwaukee's Best from yo pimp goblet? Goldstein307 06:23, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

My friends and I think you're someone we know, but we're not sure. Are you really Dawgman Spencer? If you're really Dawgman, why are you creating pages on Fallen Desire? Goldstein307 06:30, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I'm a concert promoter on the Gulf coast of Florida and a huge WhiteDawg fan. I'm wondering if he's interested in being booked for some shows out here anytime soon. Goldstein307 06:46, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Would White Dawg be interested in being the commencement speaker for next spring's graduation ceremony at a college here in Sarasota? Goldstein307 07:10, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I thought White Dawg was born in Alabama and didn't move to Florida until he was a young teenager? Huh? Goldstein307 07:22, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Prove that you're Dawgman!! Goldstein307 07:44, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

That's tru... Another question... What brought you to this page? Are you familiar with foreign film organizers here in Sarasota? Goldstein307 02:58, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:BrowardBulldawg


text:
Omid Kordestani

Omid R. Kordestani (born 1963) is an Iranian-American businessman who was the Executive Chairman at Twitter from October 2015 to June 2020 and a board member of the company until October 2022. He was a Senior Vice President, the Chief Business Officer, and most recently a special advisor to the chief executive officer and founders at Google from July 2014 to October 2015 and was a director of Vodafone from March 2013 to October 2014. Kordestani had also previously been at Google from May 1999 to April 2009, reaching the position of Senior Vice President for Worldwide Sales and Field Operations.

Early life and education
Omid Kordestani was born in Tehran, Iran. He attended Andisheh Don Bosco School, an Italian Catholic school in Tehran that emphasized education and language skills. He moved to San Jose, California after the death of his father in 1976. In 1980, Kordestani graduated from Buchser High School in Santa Clara, California.

He later received an electrical engineering degree from San Jose State University and went to work for Hewlett-Packard as an engineer. Several years later in order to pursue a business degree, he entered Stanford Graduate School of Business and earned his MBA in 1991.

Career
Kordestani has more than a dozen years of high-technology consumer and enterprise experience, including key positions at Internet pioneer Netscape Communications. He was also vice president of Business Development and Sales and grew Netscape's website revenue from an annual run-rate of $88 million to more than $200 million in 18 months. He started his career at Netscape as director of OEM Sales, and during his four-year career at that company, he was responsible for establishing major customer relationships with Citibank, AOL, Amazon, Intuit, Travelocity, Intel, @Home, eBay, and Excite. Prior to Netscape, Kordestani held positions in marketing, product management, and business development at The 3DO Company, Go Corporation, and Hewlett-Packard. He joined Google in May 1999, leading the development and implementation of the company's initial business model and was Google's senior vice president of worldwide sales and field operations until April 16, 2009. Kordestani played a part in Google's worldwide revenue generation efforts as well as the day-to-day operations of the company's sales organization.

On July 18, 2014, Kordestani came back to Google to fill the vacancy of Chief Business Officer at Google after Nikesh Arora, who was recruited to Google by Kordestani himself, left for SoftBank. Initially interim, his post became permanent in October.

On October 14, 2015, Kordestani left Google and became Executive Chairman at Twitter. After a power struggle between Twitter chief executive officer Jack Dorsey and Elliott Management, Kordestani was replaced by Patrick Pichette in June 2020. He remained a member of the board until its dissolution in October 2022.

In December 2021, Kordestani was appointed as chairman of the Board at Pearson plc. His position became effective in March 2022.

Philanthropy
Kordestani was one of the founders of PARSA Community Foundation (2006–2011), an Iranian cultural, heritage, entrepreneurship, and philanthropic society based in Redwood City, California.

Personal life
Kordestani net worth was estimated to be $2.2 billion in 2012, after his divorce from Bita Daryabari. Kordestani has two children with Daryabari, and two with Gisel Kordestani, whom he married in 2011.

In the May 8, 2006, issue of Time Magazine, Kordestani was named one of Time's "100 People who shape our world".

Kordestani was selected as the Persian Person of the Year in 2007 by Persian Awards.

title: Omid Kordestani


text:
Thomas Sydney Beckwith

Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Sydney Beckwith (17 February 1770 – 15 January 1831) was an English officer of the British Army who served as quartermaster general of the British forces in Canada during the War of 1812, and a commander-in-chief of the Bombay Army during the British Raj. He is most notable for his distinguished service during the Peninsular War and for his contributions to the development and command of the 95th Rifles.

Family
His father was Major General John Beckwith, who commanded the 20th Regiment of Foot. His brothers were Captain John Beckwith, Sir George Beckwith and Brigadier General Ferdinand Beckwith. He was also the uncle of Major-General John Charles Beckwith. He entered the Army himself in 1791, joining the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot, and served with them in India.

In 1817, he married Lady Mary Douglas, eldest daughter of Sir William Douglas, 4th Baronet of Kelhead. His wife, whose brothers Charles and John succeeded as Marquess of Queensberry, was elevated to the rank of a daughter of a marquess by royal warrant. Their only son, Thomas Sydney Beckwith, was a captain in the Rifle Brigade, and died in Gibraltar on 21 March 1828.

Service with the 95th Rifles
In 1800, he was appointed to command a company in Colonel Coote Manningham's "Experimental Corps of Riflemen", which later was designated the 95th Regiment and subsequently the Rifle Brigade. He was promoted to major within the corps in 1802. The next year, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and took command of the 1st Battalion. Beckwith was one of the favourite officers of Sir John Moore in the famous camp of Shorncliffe, and aided that general in the training of the troops which afterwards became the Light Division.

He served on the expeditions to Hanover in 1806 and Copenhagen in 1807, before joining the expedition to the Peninsula under Major General Arthur Wellesley. He took part in the Battle of Vimeiro, and the expedition into Spain under Sir John Moore, in which the Rifles bore the brunt of the rearguard fighting.

The next year, he returned to Portugal and was appointed to command the 1st Brigade of the Light Division. Beckwith took part in Craufurd's great march to the field of Talavera. In 1810, during the French invasion of Portugal, he was present at the Battle of the Coa and the Battle of Busaco. During the subsequent operations to drive the French from Portugal, he fought at the Battle of Fuentes de Onoro, and distinguished himself at the Battle of Sabugal.

Quartermaster General
In 1812, he was appointed Assistant Quartermaster General to the British forces in North America. As such, he went to Bermuda to command a force that he divided into two brigades, one composed of the 102nd Regiment of Foot (which had 'til then been stationed at St. George's Garrison as part of the Bermuda Garrison), Royal Marines, and a company of Independent Foreigners recruited from French prisoners-of-war, was under the command of the commanding officer of the 102nd Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Charles James Napier (who was also his second-in-command), and the other under Lieutenant-Colonel Williams of the Royal Marines.

Beckwith went in command of this force to Chesapeake Bay in 1813. At the Battle of Craney Island, Beckwith's troops, 700 Royal Marines and soldiers of the 102nd Regiment of Foot along with a company of Independent Foreigners, came ashore at Hoffler's Creek near the mouth of the Nansemond River to the west of Craney Island on the morning of June 22, 1813, and were repulsed by shore batteries while attempting to land. He subsequently captured Hampton, Virginia but the men of the Independent Companies misbehaved, giving Beckwith's troops an evil reputation for atrocities.

In 1814, he was promoted to major general and appointed quartermaster general to the troops in Canada under Sir George Prevost. Prevost's expedition into New York was defeated at the Battle of Plattsburgh. The Peninsular veterans in the force considered that Prevost and his staff (including Beckwith) were at least partly responsible for the defeat (in Beckwith's case, for failure to provide sufficient intelligence on the geography and enemy dispositions).

Beckwith was made a Knight Bachelor in 1812 and a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1815. In 1827, he was made colonel commandant of his old corps, the Rifle Brigade.

Later service in India
In 1829, he was appointed commander in chief of the Bombay Army. In 1830, he was promoted lieutenant general, but died of fever the following year at Mahableshwar.

title: Thomas Sydney Beckwith


text:
AWA America's Championship

The AWA America's Championship was a very short-lived title in the American Wrestling Association that was created to play upon Sgt. Slaughter's patriotism. It lasted for shortly over one year, from 1985 until 1986.

title: AWA America's Championship


text:
James Ferguson (Scottish astronomer)

James Ferguson (25 April 1710 – 17 November 1776) was a Scottish astronomer. He is known as the inventor and improver of astronomical and other scientific apparatus, as a striking instance of self education and as an itinerant lecturer.

Biography
Ferguson was born near Rothiemay in Banffshire of humble parents. According to his autobiography, he learned to read by hearing his father teach his elder brother, and with the help of an old woman was able to read quite well before his father thought of teaching him. After his father taught him to write, he was sent at the age of seven for three months to the grammar school at Keith and that was all the formal education he ever received.

His taste for mechanics was about this time accidentally awakened on seeing his father making use of a lever to raise a part of the roof of his house — an exhibition of strength which excited his wonder. In 1720, he was sent to a neighboring farm to keep sheep, where he amused himself by making models of machines, and at night he studied the stars. Afterwards, as a servant with a miller, and then with a doctor, he met with hardships which rendered his constitution feeble through life. Being compelled by his health to return home, he then amused himself with making a clock having wooden wheels and a whalebone spring. When slightly recovered he showed this and some other inventions to a gentleman, who employed him to clean his clocks, and to make his house his home. He there began to draw patterns for needlework, and his success in this art led him to think of becoming a painter.

In 1734 he went to Edinburgh, where he began to make portraits in miniature, by which means, while engaged in his scientific studies, he supported himself and his family for many years. Subsequently, he settled at Inverness, where he drew up his Astronomical Rotula for showing the motions of the planets, places of the sun and moon, &c., and in 1743 went to London, England, which was his home for the rest of his life. He wrote various papers for the Royal Society of London, of which he became a Fellow in November 1763. He devised astronomical and mechanical models, like globes. Ferguson's globes were inspired by the early 18th Century globes of John Senex. Senex sold him the copper plates for his globe gores, but not the copper plates used for Senex's pocket globe gores. Consequently, Ferguson designed his own pocket globe, producing several editions. Ferguson had some Senex gores re-engraved by a certain James Mynde, showing Admiral Anson's voyages of the years 1740–1744. In 1748, Ferguson began to give public lectures on experimental philosophy, which he repeated in most of the principal towns in England. During his time traveling in England, the well known London bookseller Andrew Millar arranged lectures for him in the spa towns of Royal Tunbridge Wells and Bath. Ferguson's deep interest in his subject, his clear explanations, his ingeniously constructed diagrams, and his mechanical apparatus rendered him one of the most successful of popular lecturers on scientific subjects.

As the inventor and improver of astronomical and other scientific apparatus, and as a striking instance of self education, he claims a place among the most remarkable Scottish scientists.

During the latter years of his life he received a pension of £50 from the privy purse. He died in London on 17 November 1776 and was buried in St Marylebone churchyard.

Legacy
Although not as well known nowadays, Ferguson was widely influential in his own time. Thomas Paine mentioned him in his publication "The Age of Reason" and William Herschel studied astronomy from his books. His international reputation was such that he was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1770. The German experimental physicist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg admired Ferguson: "Everything was done by experiments – he had not even chalk and sponge."

Works
Ferguson's principal publications are:
 * Astronomical Tables (1763)
 * Lectures on Select Subjects (first edition, 1760, edited by Sir David Brewster in 1805)
 * Astronomy explained upon Sir Isaac Newton's Principles (1756, edited by Sir David Brewster in 1811)
 * Select Mechanical Exercises, with a Short Account of the Life of the Author, written by himself (1773).
 * Introduction to Electricity'' (First Edition 1770; Second Edition 1775; (1778)).
 * Introduction to Electricity'' (First Edition 1770; Second Edition 1775; (1778)).

His autobiography is included in the 1857 biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen and in Life by E. Henderson, LL.D. (first edition, 1867; 2nd, 1870), which also contains a full description of Ferguson's principal inventions, accompanied with illustrations.

title: James Ferguson (Scottish astronomer)


text:
Collaboration (magazine)

Collaboration is an American magazine dedicated to the spiritual and evolutionary vision of Sri Aurobindo and The Mother. The magazine was founded in 1974. Content includes articles, essays, poetry, and art. Topics range across the theory and practice of Integral Yoga, the place of humankind in the universe, consciousness, and transformation. It is published three times per year.

title: Collaboration (magazine)