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List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species

Late Quaternary prehistoric birds are avian taxa that became extinct during the Late Quaternary – the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene – and before recorded history, specifically before they could be studied alive by ornithological science. They had died out before the period of global scientific exploration that started in the late 15th century. In other words, this list deals with avian extinctions between 40,000 BC and AD 1500. For the purposes of this article, a "bird" is any member of the clade Neornithes, that is, any descendant of the most recent common ancestor of all currently living birds.

The birds are known from their remains, which are subfossil; as the remains are not completely fossilized, they may yield organic material for molecular analyses to provide additional clues for resolving their taxonomic affiliations. Some birds are also known from folk memory, as in the case of Haast's eagle in New Zealand.

The extinction of the taxa in this list was coincident with the expansion of Homo sapiens beyond Africa and Eurasia, and in most cases, anthropogenic factors played a crucial part in their extinction, be it through hunting, introduced predators or habitat alteration. It is notable that a large proportion of the species are from oceanic islands, especially in Polynesia. Bird taxa that evolved on oceanic islands are usually very vulnerable to hunting or predation by rats, dogs, cats or pigs (animals commonly introduced by humans) as they evolved in the absence of mammalian predators, and therefore have only rudimentary predator avoidance behavior. Many, especially rails, have additionally become flightless for the same reason and thus present even easier prey.

Taxon extinctions taking place before the Late Quaternary happened in the absence of significant human interference. Rather, reasons for extinction are random abiotic events such as bolide impacts, climate changes, mass volcanic eruptions, etc. Alternatively, species may have become extinct due to evolutionary displacement by successor or competitor taxa – it is notable for example that in the early Neogene, seabird biodiversity was much higher than today; this is probably due to competition by the radiation of marine mammals after that time. The relationships of these ancient birds are often hard to determine, as many are known only from very fragmentary remains and complete fossilization precludes analysis of information from DNA, RNA or protein sequencing.

Extinct bird species differed from extant birds by being larger, mostly restricted to islands, and often flightless. These factors made them especially vulnerable to human prosecution and to other anthropogenically related declines.

Taxonomic list of Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
All of these birds are in Neornithes.

Struthioniformes
The ostriches
 * Struthionidae – Ostriches
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * East Asian ostrich, Struthio anderssoni (China)
 * Asian ostrich, Struthio asiaticus (Central Asia to China)

†Aepyornithiformes
The elephant birds of Madagascar
 * †Aepyornithidae - greater elephant birds
 * †Aepyornis
 * Giant elephant bird, Aepyornis maximus - A 2018 study moved the largest elephant bird specimens to the genus Vorombe, but a 2023 genetic study regarded Vorombe as synonymous with Aepyornis maximus.
 * Hildebrandt's elephant bird, Aepyornis hildebrandti
 * †Mullerornithidae - lesser elephant birds
 * †Mullerornis
 * Lesser elephant bird, Mullerornis modestus

†Dinornithiformes
The moa of New Zealand
 * †Emeidae – lesser moa
 * †Anomalopteryx
 * Bush moa, Anomalopteryx didiformis (North and South Islands, New Zealand)
 * †Euryapteryx
 * Broad-billed moa, Euryapteryx curtus (North Island, New Zealand)
 * †Pachyornis
 * Crested moa, Pachyornis australis (western South Island, New Zealand)
 * Heavy-footed moa, Pachyornis elephantopus (eastern South Island, New Zealand)
 * Mantell's moa, Pachyornis geranoides (North Island, New Zealand)
 * †Emeus
 * Eastern moa, Emeus crassus (South Island, New Zealand)
 * †Dinornithidae – giant moa
 * †Dinornis
 * North Island giant moa, Dinornis novaezealandiae (North Island, New Zealand)
 * South Island giant moa, Dinornis robustus (South Island, New Zealand)
 * †Megalapterygidae – upland moa
 * †Megalapteryx
 * Upland moa, Megalapteryx didinus (South Island, New Zealand) – may have survived into historic times (syn. Megalapteryx benhami)

†Gastornithiformes
An extinct order of giant flightless fowl.
 * †Dromornithidae – Australian mihirungs or "demon ducks of doom"
 * †Genyornis
 * Genyornis newtoni (Australia)

Anseriformes
The group that includes modern ducks and geese.
 * Anatidae – ducks, geese and swans
 * †Cnemiornis
 * South Island goose, Cnemiornis calcitrans (South Island, New Zealand)
 * North Island goose, Cnemiornis gracilis (North Island, New Zealand)
 * †Centrornis
 * Malagasy sheldgoose, Centrornis majori (Madagascar)
 * †Chelychelynechen
 * Turtle-jawed moa-nalo, Chelychelynechen quassus (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * †Ptaiochen
 * Small-billed moa-nalo, Ptaiochen pau (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * †Thambetochen
 * Maui Nui large-billed moa-nalo, Thambetochen chauliodous (Maui and Molokai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Oahu moa-nalo, Thambetochen xanion (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * †Chendytes
 * Chendytes lawi (California and southern Oregon coasts and Channel Islands, East Pacific)
 * †Talpanas
 * Kauai mole duck, Talpanas lippa (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Dendrocygninae – Whistling Ducks
 * Aitutaki whistling-duck, Dendrocygna sp. (Aitutaki, Cook Islands)
 * Anserinae
 * Biziurini – Musk Duck
 * New Zealand musk duck, Biziura delautouri (New Zealand)
 * Oxyurini
 * Oxyura
 * New Zealand stiff-tailed duck, Oxyura vantetsi (North Island, New Zealand)
 * Anserini – Geese and Swans
 * Malacorhynchus
 * Scarlett's duck, Malacorhynchus scarletti (New Zealand)
 * Branta
 * Nēnē-nui, Branta hylobadistes (Maui, possibly Kauai and Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Giant Hawaii goose, Branta rhuax (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands) – formerly in the monotypic genus Geochen
 * Anser
 * Dyuktai goose, Anser djuktaiensis (Yakutia, Russia)
 * Anser aff. erythropus (Ibiza)
 * Cygnus
 * Giant swan, Cygnus falconeri (Malta, Sicily)
 * Dwarf sawn, Cygnus equitum (Malta, Sicily) – occasionally placed in the genus Anser
 * New Zealand swan, Cygnus sumnerensis (New Zealand and the Chatham Islands)
 * New Zealand swan, Cygnus sumnerensis sumnerensis (New Zealand)
 * Chatham Islands swan, Cygnus sumnerensis chathamicus (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
 * Anatinae – Ducks
 * Tadornini –
 * Chatham Islands shelduck, Tadorna cf. variegata (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
 * Malagasy shelduck, Alopochen sirabensis (Madagascar) - may be a subspecies of Alopochen mauritiana, which survived in Mauritius until the 1690s
 * Neochen barbadiana (Barbados)
 * Neochen debilis (Argentina)
 * Neochen pugil (Brazil)
 * Mergini – Sea Ducks
 * Mergellus
 * Mergellus mochanovi (Yakutia, Russia)
 * Mergus
 * Chatham Island merganser, Mergus milleneri (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
 * New Zealand merganser, Mergus austalis (Auckland Islands, New Zealand, extinct c. 1902)
 * Aythyini – Diving Ducks
 * Chenonetta
 * Finsch's duck, Chenonetta finschi (New Zealand) – possibly survived to 1870
 * Anatini – Dabbling Ducks
 * Anas
 * Anas amotape (Campbell 1979) (Talara Tar Seeps Late Pleistocene of Peru)
 * Anas elapsum (Chinchilla Late Pleistocene of Condamine River, Australia) (“Nettion”)
 * Anas gracilipes (Late Pleistocene of Australia) (likely junior synonym of Anas castanea)
 * Anas schneideri Emslie 1985 (Late Pleistocene of Little Box Elder Cave, USA)
 * Anas strennum (Late Pleistocene of Patteramordu, Australia) ("Nettion")
 * Mascarene teal, Anas theodori (Mauritius and Réunion) - Extinct 1696
 * Bermuda flightless duck, Anas pachyscelus (Bermuda, West Atlantic)
 * Macquarie Islands teal, Anas cf. chlorotis (Macquarie Islands, Southwest Pacific)
 * Chatham duck, Anas chathamica (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
 * Placement unresolved
 * Giant O'ahu goose, Anatidae sp. et gen. indet. (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Long-legged shelduck, Anatidae sp. et gen. indet. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Rota flightless duck, Anatidae sp. et gen. indet. (Rota, Marianas)

Pangalliformes
The group that includes modern chickens and quails.
 * †Sylviornithidae – sylviornises or New Caledonian giant megapodes
 * †Megavitiornis
 * Noble megapode or deep-billed megapode, Megavitiornis altirostris (Viti Levu, Fiji)
 * †Sylviornis
 * Sylviornis neocaledoniae (New Caledonia, Melanesia)

True Galliformes
 * Megapodidae – Megapodes
 * †Mwalau
 * Mwalau walterlinii (Efate, Vanuatu)
 * †Progura
 * Giant malleefowl, Progura gallinacea (Australia) – Progura gallinacea and Progura naracoortensis are synonyms
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Megapodius – Megapodes
 * Consumed scrubfowl, Megapodius alimentum (Tonga and Fiji)
 * Viti Levu scrubfowl, Megapodius amissus (Viti Levu and possibly Kadavu and Aiwa, Fiji) – may have survived to the early 19th or the 20th century
 * Pile-builder megapode, Megapodius molistructor (New Caledonia, Tonga and possibly Aiwa, Fiji)
 * Eua scrubfowl or small-footed megapode, Megapodius sp. (Eua, Tonga)
 * Lifuka scrubfowl, Megapodius sp. (Lifuka, Tonga)
 * Stout Tongan megapode Megapodius sp. (Tongatapu, Tonga)
 * Megapodius sp. (Ofu, Samoa)
 * Large Solomon Islands megapode Megapodius sp. (Buka Island, Solomon Islands)
 * New Caledonia megapode Megapodius sp. (Grande Tierre, New Caledonia)
 * Loyalty megapode Megapodius sp. (Lifou and Maré, Loyalty Islands)
 * New Ireland scrubfowl or large Bismarck's megapode, Megapodius sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia)
 * Phasianidae – Pheasants and Allies
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Gallini – Francolins and Junglefowl
 * Gallus – Junglefowl
 * Gallus sp. (Middle/Late Pleistocene of Kudaro, South Ossetia)
 * Gallus imereticus (Late Pleistocene of Gvardjilas-Klde, Imeretia)
 * Gallus meschtscheriensis (Late Pleistocene of Soungir, Russia)
 * Gallus georgicus (Late Pleistocene - Early Holocene of Georgia
 * Gallus sp. (Late Pleistocene of Krivtcha Cave, Ukraine)
 * Gallus sp. (Early Holocene of Dnieper region)
 * Coturnicini
 * Coturnix
 * Canary Islands quail, Coturnix gomerae (Canary Islands, East Atlantic)
 * Porto Santo quail, Coturnix alabrevis (Madeira, East Atlantic)
 * Cape Verde quail, Coturnix centensis (Cape Verde, East Atlantic)
 * Madeiran quail, Coturnix lignorum (Madeira, East Atlantic)
 * Phasianinae
 * Tetraonini
 * Meleagris – Turkeys
 * Californian turkey, Meleagris californica (California, North America)
 * Phasianini
 * Perdix
 * Perdix palaeoperdix (Southern Europe)

Charadriiformes
Gulls, auks and shorebirds

Charadrii

 * Charadriidae – lapwings and plovers
 * Vanellinae – Lapwings
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Malagasy lapwing, Vanellus madagascariensis (Madagascar)

Scolopaci

 * Scolopacidae – waders and snipes
 * Scolopacinae – Dowitchers, Snipe, and Woodcocks
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Scolopax – Woodcocks
 * Scolopax anthonyi (Puerto Rico, West Indies)
 * Scolopax brachycarpa (Hispaniola, West Indies) – may have survived into historic times
 * Coenocorypha – Austral Snipes
 * Forbes's snipe, Coenocorypha chathamensis (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
 * Viti Levu snipe, Coenocorypha miratropica (Viti Levu, Fiji)
 * New Caledonian snipe, Coenocorypha neocaledonica (New Caledonia, Melanesia)
 * Norfolk Island snipe, Coenocorypha sp. (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific)
 * Gallinago –
 * Gallinago kakuki (Cuba, Cayman Brac, Cayman Islands, Bahamas, West Indies)
 * Arenariinae – Turnstones and Stints
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Henderson sandpiper, Prosobonia sauli (Henderson Island, South Pacific)
 * Mangaian sandpiper, Prosobonia sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands)
 * Ua Huka sandpiper, Prosobonia sp. (Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands)

Lari

 * Alcidae – Auks
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Fratercula - Puffins
 * Dow's puffin, Fratercula dowi (Channel Islands, East Pacific)
 * Laridae – Gulls
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Chroicocephalus
 * Huahine gull or Society Islands gull, Chroicocephalus utunui (Huahine, Society Islands)
 * Larus
 * Kauai gull, Larus sp. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Larus sp. (Saint Helena, Atlantic) – may be an extant form

Gruiformes
The group that includes modern rails and cranes.
 * Rallidae – rails
 * †Capellirallus (syn. Gallirallus)
 * Snipe-rail, Capellirallus karamu (North Island, New Zealand)
 * †Vitirallus (syn. Gallirallus)
 * Viti Levu rail, Vitirallus watlingi (Viti Levu, Fiji)
 * †Hovacrex (syn. Gallinula)
 * Hova gallinule, Hovacrex roberti (Madagascar)
 * †Nesotrochis
 * Antillean cave rail, Nesotrochis debooyi (Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, West Indies) – may have survived into historic times
 * Haitian cave rail, Nesotrochis steganinos (Haiti, West Indies)
 * Cuban cave rail, Nesotrochis picapicensis (Cuba, West Indies)
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * New Caledonian gallinule, Porphyrio kukwiedei (New Caledonia, Melanesia) – may have survived into historic times
 * North Island takahē, Porphyrio mantelli (North Island, New Zealand)
 * Huahine swamphen, Porphyrio mcnabi (Huahine, Society Islands)
 * Marquesas swamphen, Porphyrio paepae (Hiva Oa and Tahuata, Marquesas) – may have survived to the late 19th century
 * Buka swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (Buka, Solomon Islands)
 * Giant swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia)
 * Mangaia swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands) (not to genus Pareudiastes)
 * New Ireland swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia)
 * Norfolk Island swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific)
 * Rota swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (Rota, Marianas)
 * Ibiza rail, Rallus eivissensis (Ibiza, Mediterranean)
 * Madeira rail, Rallus lowei (Madeira, Macaronesia)
 * Porto Santo rail, Rallus adolfocaesaris (Porto Santo Island, Macaronesia)
 * Rallus sp. (known from subfossil remains found on Madeira and Porto Santo Island)
 * São Miguel rail, Rallus carvaoensis (São Miguel Island, Azores)
 * Pico rail, Rallus montivagorum (Pico Island, Azores)
 * São Jorge rail, Rallus nanus (São Jorge Island, Azores) (erroneously previously described as Rallus minutus, which is a junior homonym)
 * Graciosa rail, Rallus sp. (Graciosa, Azores)
 * Terceira rail, Rallus sp. (Terceira, Azores)
 * Santa Maria rail, Rallus sp. (Santa Maria Island, Azores)
 * Lifuka rail, Gallirallus sp. (Lifuka, Tonga)
 * Nuku Hiva rail, Gallirallus epulare (Nuku Hiva, Marquesas)
 * Ua Huka rail, Gallirallus gracilitibia (Ua Huka, Marquesas)
 * Niue rail, Gallirallus huiatua (Niue, Cook Islands)
 * Mangaia rail, Gallirallus ripleyi (Mangaia, Cook Islands)
 * Tahuata rail, Gallirallus roletti (Tahuata, Marquesas)
 * Huahine rail, Gallirallus storrsolsoni (Huahine, Society Islands)
 * Hiva Oa rail, Gallirallus sp. (Marquesas, Pacific)
 * Eua rail, Gallirallus vekamatolu (Eua, Tonga)
 * Rota rail, Gallirallus temptatus (Rota, Marianas, West Pacific)
 * Aguiguan rail, Gallirallus pisonii (Aguiguan, Marianas, West Pacific)
 * Tinian rail, Gallirallus pendiculentus (Tinian, Marianas, West Pacific)
 * Saipan rail, Gallirallus sp. (Saipan, Marianas, West Pacific)
 * New Ireland rail, Gallirallus ernstmayri (New Ireland, Melanesia)
 * Norfolk Island rail, Gallirallus sp. (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific) – may have survived to the 19th century
 * Great Oahu crake, Porzana ralphorum (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Great Maui crake, Porzana severnsi (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Mangaia crake, Porzana rua (Mangaia, Cook Islands)
 * Liliput crake, Porzana menehune (Moloka'i, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Small O‘ahu crake, Porzana ziegleri (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Small Maui crake, Porzana keplerorum (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Easter Island crake, Porzana sp. (Easter Island, Southeast Pacific)
 * Great Hawaiian crake, Porzana sp. (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Great Kaua‘i crake, Porzana sp. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Huahine crake, Porzana sp. (Huahine, Society Islands)
 * Mangaia crake #2, Porzana sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands)
 * Marquesas crake, Porzana sp. (Ua Huka, Marquesas)
 * Mariana crake, Porzana sp. (Marianas, West Pacific) – possibly four species
 * Medium Kaua'i crake, Porzana sp. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Medium Maui crake, Porzana sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Small Hawaiian crake, Porzana sp. (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Hodgens' waterhen, Tribonyx hodgenorum (New Zealand)
 * Viti Levu gallinule, ?Gallinula sp. (Viti Levu, Fiji) – would be separated into Pareudiastes if that genus is considered valid, or may be a new genus
 * New Zealand coot, Fulica prisca (New Zealand)
 * Chatham coot, Fulica chathamensis (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
 * Fulica montanei (Chile)
 * Vavau rail, Hypotaenidia vavauensis (Vava'u, Tonga)
 * Placement unresolved
 * Barbados rail, Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Barbados, West Indies) – formerly Fulica podagrica (partim)
 * Easter Island rail, Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Easter Island)
 * Fernando de Noronha rail, Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Fernando de Noronha, Atlantic) – probably survived into historic times
 * Gruidae – cranes
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Cuban flightless crane, Antigone cubensis (Cuba, West Indies)
 * †Aptornithidae – adzebills (probably belongs in a separate order)
 * †Aptornis
 * North Island adzebill, Aptornis otidiformis (North Island, New Zealand)
 * South Island adzebill, Aptornis defossor (South Island, New Zealand)

Eurypygiformes

 * Rhynochetidae – kagus
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Lowland kagu, Rhynochetos orarius (New Caledonia, Melanesia)

Procellariiformes
The group that includes modern albatrosses, shearwaters, petrels and storm petrels.
 * Procellariidae – petrels
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Dune shearwater or Hole's shearwater, Puffinus holeae (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, and the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula)
 * Lava shearwater or Olson's shearwater, Puffinus olsoni (Canary Islands, E Atlantic)
 * Saint Helena shearwater, Puffinus pacificoides (St. Helena, South Atlantic)
 * Scarlett's shearwater, Puffinus spelaeus (South Island, New Zealand)
 * Menorcan shearwater, Puffinus sp. (Menorca, Balearic Islands) – possibly an extirpated population of an extant species
 * Eua shearwater, Puffinus sp. (Eua, Tonga)
 * Eua petrel, Puffinus sp. (Eua, Tonga)
 * Oahu petrel, Pterodroma jugabilis (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Canary Islands petrel, Pterodroma sp. (El Hierro, Canary Islands) – possibly an extirpated population of an extant species
 * Imber's petrel, Pterodroma imberi (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
 * Pterodroma sp. (Henderson Island, S Pacific)
 * Pterodroma sp. (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific)
 * Bourne's petrel, Pterodroma sp. (Rodrigues)
 * Pseudobulweria sp. (Taravai, Angakauitai, Mangareva)
 * Placement unresolved
 * Procellariidae sp. (Easter Island, East Pacific) – possibly an extirpated population of an extant species

Sphenisciformes

 * Spheniscidae – Penguins
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Eudyptes – Crested Penguins
 * Chatham penguin, Eudyptes warhami (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific) – possibly still extant between 1867 and 1872
 * Megadyptes
 * Waitaha penguin, Megadyptes waitaha (South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand)

Ciconiiformes

 * Ciconiidae – storks
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Leptoptilos robustus (Flores, Indonesia)
 * Asphalt stork or La Brea stork, Ciconia maltha (western and southern U.S.)
 * Mycteria wetmorei (Cuba)

Suliformes
The group that includes modern boobies, gannets and cormorants.
 * Phalacrocoracidae – cormorants and shags
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Serventy's cormorant, Microcarbo serventyorum (Western Australia)
 * Madagascar cormorant, Phalacrocorax sp. (Madagascar)
 * Kohatu shag, Leucocarbo septentrionalis (North Island, New Zealand)
 * Sulidae – gannets and boobies
 * Extinct subspecies of extant species
 * Ua Huka booby, Papasula abbotti costelloi (Ua Huka, Marquesas)

Pelecaniformes

 * Ardeidae – herons
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Bennu heron, Ardea bennuides (United Arab Emirates)
 * Niue night heron, Nycticorax kalavikai (Niue)
 * Eua night heron, Nycticorax sp. ('Eua, Tonga)
 * Lifuka night heron, Nycticorax sp. (Lifuka, Tonga) – may be synonymous with the Eua night heron
 * Mangaia night heron, Nycticorax sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands)
 * Placement unresolved
 * Ardeidae gen. et sp. indet. (Easter Island, E Pacific)
 * Threskiornithidae – ibises
 * †Apteribis
 * Maui highland ibis, Apteribis brevis (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Molokai ibis, Apteribis glenos (Molokai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Maui lowland ibis, Apteribis sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Lanai ibis, Apteribis sp. (Lanai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * †Xenicibis
 * Jamaican ibis, Xenicibis xympithecus (Jamaica, West Indies)

Cathartiformes

 * †Teratornithidae – teratorns
 * †Teratornis
 * Merriam's teratorn, Teratornis merriami (southwestern and southeastern U.S.)
 * †Oscaravis
 * Cuban teratorn, Oscaravis olsoni (Cuba)
 * Cathartidae – New World vultures
 * †Pampagyps
 * Pampagyps imperator (Argentina)
 * †Wingegyps
 * Wingegyps cartellei (Brazil)
 * †Pleistovultur
 * Pleistovultur nevesi (Brazil)
 * †Geronogyps
 * Geronogyps reliquus (Peru and Argentina)
 * †Breagyps
 * La Brea condor or long-legged vulture, Breagyps clarki (southwestern U.S.)
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Emslie's vulture, Cathartes emsliei (Cuba, West Indies)
 * Pleistocene black vulture, Coragyps occidentalis (southwestern and western U.S.)
 * Cuban condor, Gymnogyps varonai (Cuba, West Indies)

Phoenicopteriformes
The group that includes modern flamingos.
 * Phoenicopteridae - flamingos
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Phoenicopterus copei (Late Pleistocene of W North America and C Mexico)
 * Phoenicopterus minutus (Late Pleistocene of California, U.S.)

Mesitornithiformes

 * Mesitornithidae – mesites
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Monias sp. (Madagascar)

Columbiformes

 * Columbidae – doves and pigeons
 * †Dysmoropelia
 * Saint Helena dove, Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos (Saint Helena, South Atlantic) – known from Late Pleistocene bones, but may have persisted until the 16th century
 * †Natunaornis
 * Viti Levu giant pigeon, Natunaornis gigoura (Viti Levu, Fiji)
 * †Bountyphaps
 * Henderson Island archaic pigeon, Bountyphaps obsoleta (Henderson Island, South Pacific)
 * †Tongoenas
 * Tongan giant pigeon, Tongoenas burleyi (Tonga)
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Huahine cuckoo-dove, Macropygia arevarevauupa (Huahine, Society Islands)
 * Marquesas cuckoo-dove, Macropygia heana (Marquesas, Pacific)
 * Puerto Rican quail-dove, Geotrygon larva (Puerto Rico, West Indies)
 * Great ground dove, Pampusana nui (Marquesas and Cook Islands)
 * Henderson ground dove, Pampusana leonpascoi (Henderson Island, South Pacific)
 * New Caledonian ground dove, Pampusana longitarsus (New Caledonia)
 * Huahine ground dove, Pampusana sp. (Huahine, Society Islands) – P. nui?
 * Mangaia ground dove, Pampusana sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands) – P. nui?
 * Rota ground dove, Pampusana sp. (Rota, Marianas)
 * Tongan tooth-billed pigeon, Didunculus placopedetes (Tonga, Pacific)
 * Kanaka pigeon, Caloenas canacorum (New Caledonia, Tonga)
 * Henderson imperial pigeon, Ducula harrisoni (Henderson Island, South Pacific)
 * Lakeba imperial pigeon, Ducula lakeba (Lakeba, Fiji)
 * Steadman's imperial pigeon, Ducula david ('Eua, Tonga, and Wallis Island)
 * Tongan imperial pigeon, Ducula sp. ('Eua, Foa and Lifuka, Tonga) – may be synonymous with either D. lakeba or D. david, or possibly a new species
 * Shutler's fruit pigeon, Ducula shutleri (Vava'u and Tongatapu, Tonga)
 * Ducula cf. galeata (Cook Islands) – possibly a new species
 * Ducula cf. galeata (Society Islands) – possibly a new species
 * Ducula sp. (Viti Levu, Fiji) – may be synonymous with D. lakeba
 * Tubuai fruit dove, Ptilinopus sp. (Tubuai, Austral Islands)
 * Columba melitensis (Malta, Sicily)

Cuculiformes

 * Cuculidae – cuckoos
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Henderson Island koel, Urodynamis cf. taitensis
 * Ancient coua, Coua primaeva (Madagascar)
 * Bertha's coua, Coua berthae (Madagascar)
 * Extinct subspecies of extant species
 * Conkling's greater roadrunner, Geococcyx californianus conklingi (inland SW North America)

Accipitriformes
Birds of prey
 * Accipitridae – hawks and eagles
 * †Bermuteo
 * Bermuda hawk, Bermuteo avivorus (Bermuda, West Atlantic)
 * †Amplibuteo
 * Woodward's eagle, Amplibuteo woodwardi (North America and West Indies)
 * †Gigantohierax
 * Gigantohierax suarezi (Cuba, West Indies)
 * Gigantohierax itchei (Cuba, West Indies)
 * †Titanohierax
 * Titanohierax gloveralleni (Bahamas, West Indies)
 * Titanohierax sp. (Hispaniola, West Indies)
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Powerful goshawk, Accipiter efficax (New Caledonia, Melanesia)
 * Gracile goshawk, Accipiter quartus (New Caledonia, Melanesia)
 * Accipiter sp. 1 (New Ireland, Melanesia)
 * Accipiter sp. 2 (New Ireland, Melanesia) – one of the two New Ireland species may be the extant Meyer's goshawk
 * Aquila sp. "large" (Madagascar)
 * Aquila sp. "small" (Madagascar)
 * Buteogallus borrasi (Cuba, West Indies) – formerly in Aquila / Titanohierax
 * Wood harrier, Circus dossenus (Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Eyles's harrier, Circus teauteensis (New Zealand)
 * Haast's eagle, Hieraeetus moorei (South Island, New Zealand)
 * Hawaiian eagle, Haliaeetus sp. (Main Hawaiian Islands)
 * Malagasy crowned eagle, Stephanoaetus mahery (Madagascar)
 * Maltese vulture, Gyps meltensis (Malta)
 * Extinct subspecies of extant species
 * Aquila chrysaetos simurgh (Crete) (sometimes considered a distinct species)

Caprimulgiformes
Nightjars and potoos
 * Caprimulgidae – nightjars
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Cuban pauraque, Siphonorhis daiquiri (Cuba, West Indies) – possibly extant

Aegotheliformes
Owlet-nightjars
 * Aegothelidae
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * New Zealand owlet-nightjar, Aegotheles novaezealandiae (New Zealand) – formerly Megaegotheles

Apodiformes
Swifts and hummingbirds.
 * Apodidae – swifts
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Mangaia swiftlet, Aerodramus manuoi (Mangaia, Cook Islands) – formerly Collocalia

Bucerotiformes
Hornbills and relatives. Formerly included in Coraciiformes.
 * Bucerotidae – hornbills
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Lifou hornbill, Rhyticeros ("Aceros") sp. (Lifou, Loyalty Islands)

Piciformes
Woodpeckers, puffbird and jacamars.
 * Picidae – woodpeckers
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Bermuda flicker, Colaptes oceanicus (Bermuda, West Atlantic) – known from Late Pleistocene and Holocene bones, but may have persisted until the 17th century

Coraciiformes

 * Brachypteraciidae – ground rollers
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Brachypteracias
 * Ampoza ground roller, Brachypteracias lagrandi (Madagascar)

Strigiformes
Typical owls and barn owls.
 * Strigidae – typical owls
 * †Grallistrix
 * Kauai stilt-owl, Grallistrix auceps (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Maui stilt-owl, Grallistrix erdmani (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Molokai stilt-owl, Grallistrix geleches (Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Oahu stilt-owl, Grallistrix orion (O'ahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * †Ornimegalonyx
 * Cuban giant owl, Ornimegalonyx oteroi (Cuba, West Indies)
 * Ornimegalonyx sp. – probably a subspecies of O. oteroi
 * †Asphaltoglaux
 * Asphalt miniature owl, Asphaltoglaux cecileae (Southern California, North America)
 * †Oraristrix
 * La Brea owl, Oraristrix brea (Southern California, North America)
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Cuban horned owl, Bubo osvaldoi (Cuba, West Indies)
 * Cretan owl, Athene cretensis (Crete, Mediterranean)
 * New Caledonia boobook, Ninox cf. novaeseelandiae (New Caledonia, Melanesia) – possibly extant
 * Madeiran scops owl (Otus mauli) (Madeira)
 * São Miguel scops owl (Otus frutuosoi) (Azores)
 * Kurochkin's pygmy owl (Glaucidium kurochkini) (Southern California, North America)
 * Bermuda saw-whet owl (Aegolius gradyi) (Bermuda) – known from Pleistocene bones, but may have persisted until the early 1600s
 * Asio ecuadoriensis (Ecuador)
 * Placement unresolved
 * Strigidae gen. et sp. indet. (Ibiza, Mediterranean)
 * Tytonidae – barn owls
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Puerto Rican barn owl, Tyto cavatica (Puerto Rico, West Indies) – may still have existed up to 1912; likely a subspecies of, or synonymous with, the extant ashy-faced owl (Tyto glaucops)
 * Cuban dwarf barn owl, Tyto maniola (Cuba, West Indies)
 * New Caledonian barn owl, ?Tyto letocarti (New Caledonia, Melanesia)
 * Maltese barn owl, Tyto melitensis (Malta, Mediterranean) – possibly a paleosubspecies of, or synonymous with, the extant western barn owl (Tyto alba)
 * Noel's barn owl, Tyto noeli (Cuba, Barbuda, West Indies) – Tyto neddi is a synonym
 * Hispaniolan barn owl, Tyto ostologa (Hispaniola, West Indies)
 * Bahama giant barn owl, Tyto pollens (Little Exuma and New Providence, Bahamas, West Indies) – Rivero's barn owl (Tyto riveroi) is a synonym
 * Antiguan barn owl Tyto sp. (Antigua, West Indies)
 * Mussau barn owl, Tyto cf. novaehollandiae (Mussau, Melanesia)
 * Greater New Ireland barn owl, Tyto cf. novaehollandiae (New Ireland, Melanesia)
 * Lesser New Ireland barn owl, Tyto cf. alba / aurantiaca (New Ireland, Melanesia)
 * Craves' giant barn owl, Tyto cravesae (Cuba, West Indies)

Falconiformes

 * Falconidae – falcons
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Puerto Rican caracara, Caracara latebrosus (Puerto Rico, West Indies)
 * Bahaman caracara, Caracara creightoni (Bahamas and Cuba, West Indies) – may be synomynous with Caracara latebrosus
 * Jamaican caracara, Caracara tellustris (Jamaica, West Indies)
 * La Brea caracara, Caracara prelutosa (Rancho La Brea, San Miguel Island, California)
 * Caracara major (Venezuela)
 * Caracara seymouri (Peru, Ecuador)
 * Cuban caracara, Milvago carbo (Cuba, West Indies)
 * ?Milvago sp. (Jamaica, West Indies)
 * Cuban kestrel, Falco kurochkini (Cuba, West Indies) – may have survived to the 17th century
 * Phalcoboenus napieri (Falkland Islands)

Psittaciformes

 * Placement unresolved
 * Psittaciformes gen. et sp. indet. (Rota, Marianas) – cf. Cacatua / Eclectus?
 * Strigopidae – kakas and kakapos
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Chatham kākā, Nestor chathamensis (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
 * Cacatuidae – cockatoos
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * New Caledonian cockatoo, Cacatua sp. (New Caledonia)
 * New Ireland cockatoo, Cacatua sp. (New Ireland)
 * Psittacidae – parrots, parakeets, and lorikeets
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Saint Croix macaw, Ara autocthones (St. Croix, West Indies)
 * Oceanic eclectus, Eclectus infectus (Tonga, Vanuatu, possibly Fiji) – may have survived to the 18th century or even longer
 * Sinoto's lorikeet, Vini sinotoi (Marquesas, Pacific)
 * Conquered lorikeet, Vini vidivici (Mangaia, Cook Islands, and Marqesas)
 * Campbell parakeet, Cyanoramphus sp. (Campbell Island, New Zealand)
 * Extinct subspecies of an extant species
 * Virgin Islands amazon (Amazona vittata ssp. indet.)
 * Placement unresolved
 * Psittacidae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (Easter Island)
 * Psittacidae gen. et sp. indet. 2 (Easter Island)
 * Psittacidae gen. et sp. indet. (Guam, Marianas) – cf. Trichoglossus / Vini?

Passeriformes

 * Placement unresolved
 * Slender-billed Kauai passerine, Passeriformes gen. et sp. indet. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Tiny Kauai passerine, Passeriformes gen. et sp. indet. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Acanthisittidae – New Zealand wrens
 * †Pachyplichas
 * South Island stout-legged wren, Pachyplichas yaldwyni (North Island, New Zealand)
 * North Island stout-legged wren, Pachyplichas jagmi (South Island, New Zealand) – may be a subspecies of P. yaldwyni
 * †Dendroscansor
 * Long-billed wren, Dendroscansor decurvirostris (South Island, New Zealand)
 * Extinct subspecies of extant species
 * North Island rock wren, Xenicus gilviventris ssp. nov. (North Island, New Zealand) – a subspecies of X. gilviventris
 * Corvidae – crows, ravens, jays and magpies
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * High-billed crow, Corvus impluviatus (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Robust crow, Corvus viriosus (Oahu and Molokai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * New Zealand raven, Corvus antipodum (New Zealand)
 * North Island raven, Corvus antipodum antipodum (North Island, New Zealand)
 * South Island raven, Corvus antipodum pycrafti (South Island, New Zealand)
 * Chatham raven, Corvus moriorum (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
 * New Ireland crow, Corvus sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia)
 * Puerto Rican crow, Corvus pumilis (Puerto Rico and St. Croix, West Indies) – probably a subspecies of either the Cuban crow (Corvus nasicus) or the palm crow (Corvus palmarum)
 * Hirundinidae – swallows and martins
 * Extinct subspecies of extant species
 * Henderson Island Pacific swallow, Hirundo tahitensis ssp. nov. (Henderson Island, South Pacific)
 * Cettiidae – bush warblers
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Eua bush warbler, Horornis sp. (Eua, Tonga)
 * Zosteropidae – white-eyes
 * Placement unresolved
 * Tongan large white-eye, Zosteropidae gen. et sp. indet. (Eua, Tonga)
 * Guam large white-eye, Zosteropidae gen. et sp. indet. (Guam, Marianas)
 * Sturnidae – starlings
 * †Cryptopsar
 * Mauritius starling, Cryptopsar ischyrhynchus (Mauritius, Mascarenes)
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Huahine starling, Aplonis diluvialis (Huahine, Society Islands)
 * Erromango starling, Aplonis sp. (Erromango, Vanuatu)
 * Turdidae – thrushes
 * †Meridiocichla
 * Meridiocichla salotti (Corsica)
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Olomao, Myadestes lanaiensis (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) – may have survived until the 19th century
 * Mohoidae – Hawaiian honeyeaters
 * Prehistorically extinct species of recently extinct genera
 * Oahu kioea, Chaetoptila cf. angustipluma (Oahu and Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Narrow-billed kioea, ?Chaetoptila sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Fringillidae – true finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers
 * †Orthiospiza
 * Highland finch, Orthiospiza howarthi (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * †Xestospiza
 * Cone-billed finch, Xestospiza conica (Kauai and Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Ridge-billed finch, Xestospiza fastigialis (Oahu, Maui and Molokai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * †Vangulifer
 * Strange-billed finch, Vangulifer mirandus (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Thin-billed finch, Vangulifer neophasis (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * †Aidemedia
 * Oahu icterid-like gaper, Aidemedia chascax (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Sickle-billed gaper, Aidemedia zanclops (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Maui Nui icterid-like gaper, Aidemedia lutetiae (Maui and Molokai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Prehistorically extinct species of extant and recently extinct genera
 * Slender-billed greenfinch, Chloris aurelioi (Tenerife, Canary Islands)
 * Trias greenfinch, Chloris triasi (La Palma, Canary Islands)
 * Greater Azores bullfinch, Pyrrhula crassa (Graciosa, Azores)
 * Kauai finch, Telespiza persecutrix (Kauai and Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Maui Nui finch, Telespiza ypsilon (Maui and Molokai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Maui finch, Telespiza cf. ypsilon (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Kauai palila, Loxioides kikuichi (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands) – possibly survived until the early 18th century
 * Scissor-billed koa finch, Rhodacanthis forfex (Kauai and Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Primitive koa finch, Rhodacanthis litotes (Oahu and Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Wahi grosbeak, Chloridops wahi (Oahu and Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * King Kong grosbeak, Chloridops regiskongi (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Kauai grosbeak, Chloridops sp. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands) – may be synomynous with C. wahi
 * Maui grosbeak, Chloridops sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Giant nukupuu, Hemignathus vorpalis (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Hoopoe-billed akialoa, Akialoa upupirostris (Kauai and Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Giant akialoa, Akialoa sp. (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Akialoa sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Stout-legged finch, Ciridops tenax (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Molokai ula-ai-hawane, Ciridops cf. anna (Molokai, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Oahu ula-ai-hawane, Ciridops sp. (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Placement unresolved
 * Drepanidini gen. et sp. indet. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) – at least three species
 * Drepanidini gen. et sp. indet. (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands)
 * Estrildidae – waxbills
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Marianas parrotfinch, Erythrura sp. (Guam and Rota, Marianas)
 * Emberizidae – Old World buntings
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Long-legged bunting, Emberiza alcoveri (Tenerife, Canary Islands)
 * Passerellidae – New World sparrows
 * †Pedinorhis
 * Puerto Rican obscure bunting, Pedinorhis stirpsarcana (Puerto Rico, West Indies)
 * Icteridae - New World blackbirds, orioles and grackles
 * †Pandanaris
 * Convex-billed cowbird, Pandanaris convexa (California and Florida south through Mexico to South America)
 * Extinct species of extant genera
 * Euphagus magnirostris Large-billed blackbird (California south to South America)
 * Molothrus resinosus Talara cowbird (Peru)
 * Icterus turmalis Talara troupial (Peru)

General

 * Steadman, David William (2006): Extinction and Biogeography of Tropical Pacific Birds. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-77142-3
 * Balouet, Jean-Christophe; Olson, Storrs L. (1989) Fossil birds from late Quaternary deposits in New Caledonia. Washington, D. C. Smithsonian contributions to zoology; Nr. 469. Smithsonian Institution Press
 * Goodman, S.M. and Patterson, B.D. (1997) Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London. 432 S. ISBN 978-1-56098-683-6
 * del Hoyo, J., Andrew Elliott, David Christie (2007) Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 12 Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees, Lynx Edicions, 2007. ISBN 84-96553-42-6
 * Turvey, Samuel T. (edit.) (2009) Holocene Extinctions. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-953509-5
 * Feduccia, Alan (1999) The Origin and Evolution of Birds. 2nd. Edit. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07861-9


text:
United States v. Carroll Towing Co.

United States v. Carroll Towing Co., 159 F.2d 169 (2d. Cir. 1947), is a decision from the 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals that proposed a test to determine the standard of care for the tort of negligence. The judgment was written by Judge Learned Hand wherein he described what is now called the Hand formula, a classic example of a balancing test.

Background
The case was the result of the sinking of the barge Anna C that took place on January 4, 1944 in New York Harbor. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company chartered the Anna C from Conners Marine Company, which was loaded with flour owned by the United States. Before the accident, the Anna C was moored at Pier 52 on the North River along with several other barges. The barges at Pier 52 were tied together by mooring lines and one barge at Pier 52 was tied to another set of barges at the adjacent Public Pier. On the day of the accident the tug Carroll was sent to remove a barge from the Public Pier. In the process of removing the barge, the line between the barges at Pier 52 and the barges at the Public Pier was removed. After the removal of the line, the barges at Pier 52 broke free. This resulted in the sinking of Anna C. The United States, lessee of the Anna C, sued Carroll Towing Co., owner of the Carroll in an indemnity action.

Ruling
The author of the opinion, Judge Learned Hand, stated that there was no general rule with which to deal with liability when a barge with no one on board breaks free and causes damage. Consequently, Judge Hand proposed an algebraic formula to determine if the standard of care has been met.
 * Since there are occasions when every vessel will break from her moorings, and since, if she does, she becomes a menace to those about her; the owner's duty, as in other similar situations, to provide against resulting injuries is a function of three variables: (1) The probability that she will break away; (2) the gravity of the resulting injury, if she does; (3) the burden of adequate precautions. Possibly it serves to bring this notion into relief to state it in algebraic terms: if the probability be called P; the injury, L; and the burden, B; liability depends upon whether B is less than L multiplied by P: i.e., whether B < PL.

Simply put, the test says: If (Burden < Cost of Injury × Probability of occurrence), then the accused will not have met the standard of care required.

If (Burden ≥ Cost of injury × Probability of occurrence), then the accused may have met the standard of care.

On the facts, the Court ruled that leaving a barge unattended during the daylight hours poses significant risk such that it would be fair to require a crew member to be aboard the ship. Thus, the accused was found liable for negligence for being absent from the ship without excuse.

This case is most famous for its first expression of Judge Hand's formula, C > GL (cost is greater than gravity of loss) or in the more common shorthand, BPL. This formula was first suggested, however, in The T.J. Hooper, another tugboat case.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: United States v. Carroll Towing Co.


text:
Jack Unterweger

Johann "Jack" Unterweger (16 August 1950 – 29 June 1994) was an Austrian serial killer who committed murder in several countries – Austria, West Germany, Czechoslovakia, and the United States. Initially convicted in 1974 of a single murder, Unterweger began to write extensively while in prison. His work gained the attention of the Austrian literary elite, who took it as evidence that he had been rehabilitated.

After significant lobbying, Unterweger was released on parole in 1990. Upon his release, he became a minor celebrity and worked as a playwright and journalist, but within months he resumed killing women. Unterweger hanged himself in prison after being convicted of nine more murders in June 1994.

Early life
Jack Unterweger was born August 16, 1950, in Judenburg, Styria, Austria, to Theresia Unterweger, a Viennese barmaid and waitress, and Jack Becker, an American soldier whom she had met in Trieste, Italy. Some sources describe his mother as a prostitute. Unterweger's mother was jailed for fraud while pregnant but was released and travelled to Graz, where he was born. After his mother was arrested again in 1953, Unterweger was sent to Carinthia to live with his grandfather, who was known as a "rough fellow" who regularly used his grandson to help him steal farm animals.

Unterweger was in and out of prison for much of his youth. He worked as a waiter but between 1966 and 1974 he was convicted sixteen times, mostly for theft-related offences, but also for pimping and sexual assault on a sex worker; he spent most of those eight years in jail.

First murder conviction, imprisonment and release
In 1974, Unterweger murdered 18-year-old West German national Margaret Schäfer by strangling her with her own bra, for which he was convicted and sentenced to life in prison in 1976. While incarcerated he wrote short stories, poems, plays, and an autobiography, Purgatory or The Trip to Prison – Report of a Guilty Man, that later served as the basis for a documentary. Several figures, including Austrian writer Elfriede Jelinek, have since questioned whether Unterweger actually wrote Purgatory.

In 1985, a campaign to pardon and release Unterweger from prison commenced. Austrian President Rudolf Kirchschläger (SPÖ/ÖVP) refused the petition when it was presented to him, citing the court-mandated minimum of fifteen years in prison. Writers, artists, journalists and politicians agitated for a pardon, including Jelinek and German novelist Günter Grass, along with the editor of the magazine Manuskripte, Alfred Kolleritsch.

Unterweger was released on 23 May 1990, after the required minimum fifteen years of his life term. Upon his release, Purgatory was taught in Austrian schools and his stories for children were performed on Austrian radio. Unterweger himself hosted television programmes which discussed criminal rehabilitation and worked as a journalist for the public broadcaster ORF, where he reported on stories concerning the very murders for which he was later found guilty.

Later murders
Law enforcement later discovered that Unterweger killed a young woman named Blanka Bočková in Czechoslovakia in addition to seven other young women in Austria in 1990—Brunhilde Masser, aged 39; Heidi Hammerer, aged 31; Elfriede Schrempf, aged 35; Silvia Zagler, aged 23; Sabine Moitzl, aged 25; Karin Eroglu-Sladky, aged 25; Regina Prem, aged 32, all in the first year after his release, and all garroted with their bras.

In 1991, Unterweger was hired by an Austrian magazine to write about crime in Los Angeles and the differences between U.S. and European attitudes to prostitution. He met local police, even going so far as to participate in a ride-along of the city's red light districts. During Unterweger's time in Los Angeles, three sex workers—Shannon Exley, Irene Rodriguez, and Peggy Booth—were beaten, sexually assaulted with tree branches, and strangled with their own bras.

Back in Austria, Unterweger was suggested as a suspect for the sex worker murders. In the absence of other suspects, police took a serious look at Unterweger and kept him under surveillance until he went to the U.S., ostensibly as a reporter; the police observed nothing to connect him with the killings.

Arrest and death
Police in Graz eventually gathered enough evidence to arrest Unterweger, but he had fled by the time they entered his home. After law enforcement agencies chased him and his girlfriend, Bianca Mrak, through Switzerland, France, and the US, he was finally arrested by US Marshals in Miami, Florida, on 27 February 1992. While a fugitive, he had called the Austrian media to try to convince them of his innocence.

Unterweger was extradited back to Austria on 27 May 1992 and charged with eleven murders, including one in Prague and three in Los Angeles. The jury found him guilty of nine murders by a 6:2 majority, sufficient for a conviction under Austrian law. Based on a psychiatric examination, Austrian psychiatrist Dr. Reinhard Haller diagnosed Unterweger with narcissistic personality disorder and presented his findings to the court on 20 June 1994. On 29 June, Unterweger was sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole.

That night, Unterweger killed himself at Graz-Karlau Prison by hanging himself with a rope made from shoelaces and a cord from the trousers of a tracksuit, using the same knot that was found on all the strangled sex workers.

Prior to his death, Unterweger had asserted his intention to seek an appeal, and therefore, under Austrian law, his guilty verdict was not considered legally binding after his death, as it has not been reviewed and confirmed by the court.

title: Jack Unterweger


text:
Sprinter

Sprinter can refer to:

In sport

 * A participant in sprint (running)
 * Sprinter (cycling), a type of racing cyclist
 * Sprint train, a group of road bicycle racers who at the end of a race work together to set a high pace to help their sprinter
 * A sprint car racing vehicle

Motor vehicles

 * Mercedes-Benz Sprinter (or 'Dodge Sprinter', 'Freightliner Sprinter'), a cargo van
 * Toyota Sprinter, a compact car

Units

 * Sprinter (British Rail), a family of diesel multiple units built for British Rail in the 1980s
 * NS SGMm (Stadsgewestelijk Materieel), a Dutch electric multiple unit in service since 1975, commonly referred to as "Sprinter old generation"
 * NS Sprinter Lighttrain, a Dutch electric multiple unit in service since 2009
 * Sprinter New Generation, a Dutch train manufactured by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles
 * V/Line Sprinter, a diesel multiple unit operated by V/Line in Australia

Rail services

 * Sprinter (rail service), a hybrid rail service in San Diego County, California
 * Sprinter (Nederlandse Spoorwegen), rail service type in the Netherlands
 * ICE Sprinter, a variant of the Intercity Express rail service type operated in Germany

Other

 * Sprinter (computer), a Russian microcomputer
 * Sprinter (album), by Torres (Mackenzie Scott), 2015
 * "Sprinter" (song), a 2023 song by British rappers Dave and Central Cee
 * Sprinter (film), a 2018 sports drama directed by Storm Saulter
 * Sprinter (manga), written and illustrated by Yū Koyama

title: Sprinter


text:
John Bower Lewis

John Bower Lewis, (March 18, 1817 – January 24, 1874) was the second mayor of Bytown in 1848, the first mayor of Ottawa from 1855 to 1857, and a member of the 2nd Canadian Parliament from 1872 to 1873.

He was born in Paris, France in 1817 and came to Canada with his family in 1820. He studied law in Toronto, was admitted to the bar in 1839, and became a Queen's Counsel in 1867.

He was elected to the first council for Bytown in 1847 and became mayor in 1848. After Bytown was renamed to Ottawa in 1854, he became its first mayor. He was police commissioner for the city in 1863. In 1872, he was elected to the House of Commons as a Conservative in the two-member riding of Ottawa City but resigned in 1873 due to the Pacific Scandal.

He died in Ottawa in 1874; he was the city solicitor and was also campaigning for reelection to the House of Commons at the time of his death.

Archives
There is a John Bower Lewis and family fonds at Library and Archives Canada. Archival reference number is R5348.

title: John Bower Lewis


text:
Intelligent device management

Intelligent device management is a technology used for enterprise software applications that allow equipment manufacturers to monitor and manage remote equipment, systems and products via the Internet. Another term for intelligent device management is remote device management (RDM) while strategic service management describes the service.

IDM extends IT service management to on-site devices and can support standard service processes, such as Incident, Problem, Change, Configuration Management as defined by ITIL.

This technology is commonly used by ATM, security and self-service kiosk companies.

title: Intelligent device management


text:
Mojo (magazine)

Mojo (stylised in all caps) is a popular music magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom, initially by Emap, and since January 2008 by Bauer. Following the success of the magazine Q, publishers Emap were looking for a title that would cater for the burgeoning interest in classic rock music. The magazine was designed to appeal to the 30 to 45-plus age group, or the baby boomer generation. Mojo was first published on 15 October 1993. In keeping with its classic rock aesthetic, the first issue had Bob Dylan and John Lennon as its first cover stars. Noted for its in-depth coverage of both popular and cult acts, it acted as the inspiration for Blender and Uncut. Many noted music critics have written for it, including Charles Shaar Murray, Greil Marcus, Nick Kent, David Fricke, Jon Savage and Mick Wall. The launch editor of Mojo was Paul Du Noyer and his successors have included Mat Snow, Paul Trynka, Pat Gilbert and Phil Alexander. The current editor is John Mulvey.

While some criticise it for its frequent coverage of classic rock acts such as the Beatles, David Bowie and Bob Dylan, it has nevertheless featured many newer and "left-field" acts. It was the first mainstream magazine in the UK to focus on the White Stripes, and it continues to cover emerging acts. Modern cover stars of recent years have included Lana Del Rey and Arctic Monkeys. Every issue of Mojo published since its inception (apart from Mojo #88 and Mojo #125) has featured an article on Colin Blunstone.

Mojo regularly includes a covermount CD that ties in with a current magazine article or theme. It introduced the Mojo Honours List, an awards ceremony that is a mixture of readers' and critics' awards, in 2004.

In early 2010, Mojo was involved in a controversial move by its new parent company, Bauer, to unilaterally impose a new contract on all photographers and writers, taking away their copyright, and offloading liability for libel or copyright infringement from the publisher onto the contributor. Two hundred photographers and writers from Mojo and Bauer's other music magazines, Kerrang! and Q, were reported as refusing to work under the new terms.

Lists
More recently, the magazine has taken to publishing many "Top 100" lists, including the subjects of drug songs (Mojo #109), rock epics (Mojo #125), protest songs (Mojo #126) and even the most miserable songs of all time (Mojo #127). To celebrate 150 issues, the magazine published a "Top 100 Albums of Mojo's Lifetime" list (essentially 1993 to 2006). The top five for this list were:

 * 1) Grace – Jeff Buckley (1994)
 * 2) American Recordings – Johnny Cash (1994)
 * 3) OK Computer – Radiohead (1997)
 * 4) Time Out of Mind – Bob Dylan (1997)
 * 5) Definitely Maybe – Oasis (1994)

In 2007, the magazine set out to determine "The Top 100 Records That Changed the World". The list was compiled and voted on by an eclectic panel of superstars, including Björk, Tori Amos, Tom Waits, Brian Wilson, Pete Wentz and Steve Earle. Little Richard's 1955 hit "Tutti Frutti" took the number one spot. Richard's record beat the Beatles' "I Want to Hold Your Hand" (2nd) and Elvis Presley's "Heartbreak Hotel" (3rd). The magazine's editors claimed that "the 100 albums, singles and 78s that made up the list make up the most influential and inspirational recordings ever made". Hailing "" as the sound of the birth of rock 'n' roll, the editors went on to state that "one can only imagine how it must have sounded when the song exploded across the airwaves!"

The top ten on Mojo's "100 Records That Changed the World" list are:
 * 1) "Tutti Frutti" by Little Richard
 * 2) "I Want to Hold Your Hand" by The Beatles
 * 3) "Heartbreak Hotel" by Elvis Presley
 * 4) The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan by Bob Dylan
 * 5) Autobahn by Kraftwerk
 * 6) King of the Delta Blues Singers by Robert Johnson
 * 7) The Velvet Underground & Nico by the Velvet Underground and Nico
 * 8) Anthology of American Folk Music (various artists)
 * 9) "What'd I Say" by Ray Charles
 * 10) "God Save the Queen" by Sex Pistols

Other lists include a Top 50 of songs by a particular artist from time to time, usually compiled by a panel of music journalists and musicians. Featured artists have included David Bowie, Pink Floyd, The Beach Boys, The Who, Bruce Springsteen, and Neil Young, among many.

Special editions
After the success of an all-Beatles issue published to mark the release of The Beatles Anthology in 1995, many stand-alone, special editions of Mojo have been produced, devoting an entire magazine to one artist or genre. Three of the most successful were the series (produced by then special editions editor Chris Hunt) telling the story of the Beatles – one thousand days at a time. Featuring contributions from many of the world's leading rock critics and Beatles experts, such as Hunter Davies, Mark Lewisohn, Richard Williams, Ian MacDonald, Peter Doggett and Alan Clayson, the three magazines were published between 2002 and 2003, before being collected together by editor-in-chief Paul Trynka and published as the book The Beatles: Ten Years That Shook The World (Dorling Kindersley, 2004).

Other special editions have focused on Pink Floyd, psychedelia, punk and the sixties. Mojo has also published four editions of "The MOJO Collection: The Greatest Albums Of All Time" (Canongate Books), originally edited by the magazine's founding features editor, Jim Irvin, and a series of short, definitive biographies under the imprint Mojo Heroes, starting in 2002 with Neil Young: Reflections In Broken Glass, written by Sylvie Simmons, a longtime Mojo contributing editor.

Mojo Radio
The company behind the magazine, Bauer, also produced a digital radio station. This station was called Mojo Radio, and was transmitted on the digital television networks in the UK (Freeview channel 721 and Sky Digital channel 0182, though not Virgin Media) and online. The output of the station was based on that of the magazine. It was announced on 5 November 2008 that Mojo Radio would cease broadcasting on 30 November 2008, in order to save Bauer the financial outlay.

Mojo Rocks
The magazine's current editor-in-chief, Phil Alexander, has a regular show on the UK digital radio station Planet Rock entitled Mojo Rocks, in which he follows a Mojo-inspired playlist.

title: Mojo (magazine)


text: User talk:71.99.186.93

title: User talk:71.99.186.93


text:
Manucher Ghorbanifar

Manucher Ghorbanifar (nicknamed Gorba, born May 9, 1945) is an expatriate Iranian arms dealer and former SAVAK agent.

According to the Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, Ghorbanifar was a double agent for Iran and Israel. The CIA director William Casey believed that Ghorbanifar was an Israeli agent.

He is best known as a middleman in the Iran–Contra Affair during the Ronald Reagan presidency. He re-emerged in American politics during the lead-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq during the first term of President George W. Bush as a back-channel intelligence source "in order to report on any interaction and attempts at negotiations between Iranian officials and US ambassador to Iraq, Zalmay Khalilzad".

Prior to the Iraq War, Ghorbanifar had passed allegations to the Bush administration that "enriched uranium was smuggled from Iraq into Iran and some may remain hidden in Iraq" which the CIA later discovered to be a fabrication created by Ghorbanifar. Ghorbanifar was linked to the Niger uranium forgeries which were forged documents initially released by SISMI that would later be used partly as justification for the Iraq War.

Career
Prior to the 1979 Iranian Revolution Ghorbanifar was an agent of Iran's SAVAK intelligence service, and a partner in an Israeli-Iranian shipping company, Starline Iran, which shipped oil from Iran to Israel. Ghorbanifar knew Israel's military attache in Tehran, Yaakov Nimrodi, who helped build SAVAK.

In 1980 Ghorbanifar was the liaison between the Shah's last Prime Minister, Shahpour Bakhtiar, in exile in Paris, and conspirators in the Iranian armed forces organising what is sometimes known as the Nojeh Coup. The plot was exposed, and hundreds of officers were arrested at Nojeh Air Base on 9–10 July 1980. Ghorbanifar had owned a shipping company and headed the logistics branch of the Niqab network which organised the civilian part of the plot. He had been recommended for the role by Bakhtiar. Some Iranian sources later accused Ghorbanifar of leaking information to the Iranian government which helped thwart the coup plot. In December 1985 Adnan Khashoggi said in an interview that Ghorbanifar was head of European intelligence under Mir-Hossein Mousavi (Prime Minister from 1981).

In 1981 Ghorbanifar was the source for the Washington Post's stories about Libyan hit squads targeting Ronald Reagan and other senior US figures; in 1986 he said he had created the story "To hurt Libya, an enemy of Israel". Ghorbanifar's contribution to the Libyan story contributed to the CIA's 1984 decision to issue a "burn notice" against Ghorbanifar.

In the early 1980s Ghorbanifar accompanied Cyrus Hashemi to Israel to arrange a $50m arms shipment, codenamed "Cosmos", to Iran. The deal was cancelled at the last minute with much of the equipment already loaded onto a ship in Eilat.

Iran–Contra affair
In the 1980s, Ghorbanifar's initial American contacts were National Security Council agents Oliver North and Michael Ledeen. Ledeen vouched for Ghorbanifar to National Security Adviser Robert McFarlane. Oliver North later claimed that Ghorbanifar had given him the idea for diverting profits from TOW and HAWK missile sales to Iran to the Nicaraguan Contras.

Ghorbanifar's suspected duplicity during the Iran–Contra deal led CIA Director William Casey to order three separate lie-detector tests, all of which he failed. Iranian officials also suspected Ghorbanifar of passing them forged American documents. The CIA issued a burn notice (or "Fabricator Notice") on Ghorbanifar in 1984, meaning he was regarded as an unreliable source of intelligence, and a 1987 congressional report on Iran–Contra by the Congressional Committees Investigating The Iran-Contra Affair cites the CIA warning that Ghorbanifar "should be regarded as an intelligence fabricator and a nuisance".

His own cohorts in the arms-for-hostages affair were also incredulous. "I knew him to be a liar," North eventually acknowledged. Ronald Reagan had described Ghorbanifar as a “devious character.” Robert McFarlane, the national-security adviser who approved the Iran–Contra arms trades, once described Ghorbanifar as "one of the most despicable characters I have ever met." Former CIA official and Iran-Contra figure George Cave, who was involved in the 1984 decision to issue the burn notice, has described Ghorbanifar as "the most totally amoral person I have ever met". Thomas Twetten, Chief of the Near East Division of the CIA's Directorate of Operations at the time, said of him: "This is a guy who lies with zest."

According to a report in Time, Ghorbanifar's links with the CIA led to internal disputes, with the counter-terrorism division supporting him and Middle East officers attempting to discredit him. Ghorbanifar's anger at being labelled a liar may have led him to urge Iranian contacts to leak the Iran-Contra story. The affair first became public in a Lebanese newspaper, apparently leaked by Mehdi Hashemi.

French–Lebanese hostage crisis
Ghorbanifar has been suspected of being a former French DGSE informer, and allegedly accompanied Jean-Charles Marchiani, the right-hand man of former French Interior Minister Charles Pasqua, during his meetings with the deputy Iranian foreign minister to negotiate the release of the French hostages in Lebanon in the mid-1980s.

War on terrorism
In December 2001 Michael Ledeen organized a three-day meeting in Rome, Italy between Manucher Ghorbanifar and US Defense Intelligence Agency officials Larry Franklin and Harold Rhode. Also present were two officials from Italy's SISMI. In addition to a position at the American Enterprise Institute, Ledeen was working as a consultant to then U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Policy Douglas Feith, who oversaw the Office of Special Plans. The 2001 meeting took place with the approval of then-Deputy National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley. The meeting concerned a secret offer from reportedly dissident Iranian officials to provide information relevant to the War on Terrorism and Iran's relationship with terrorists in Afghanistan.

Summer 2003 news reports of the meetings prompted an internal review, as well as an investigation by the U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld characterized the meetings as insignificant, saying, "There wasn't anything there that was of substance or of value that needed to be pursued further." News reports also indicated that Ghorbanifar sought to be paid for the middleman role. Subsequent contacts with Ghorbanifar were abandoned.

Manucher Ghorbanifar has emerged as the probable origin of the information cited by Congressman Curt Weldon's book, Countdown to Terror: The Top-Secret Information that Could Prevent the Next Terrorist Attack on America... and How the CIA has Ignored it (Regnery Publishing, June 2005) ISBN 0-89526-005-0. Weldon cites an anonymous source, "Ali," believed to be Fereidoun Mahdavi, a former Iranian minister of commerce before the Iranian Revolution who is a close associate of Ghorbanifar.

title: Manucher Ghorbanifar


text:
Talk:Rokia Traoré

Closed deletion listing
This article was listed for deletion on 26 May, 2005. The discussion was closed with the result of keep. This article will not be deleted. You can view the discussion, which is no longer live: Votes_for_deletion/Rokia Traoré. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 22:21, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

New photos on Commons
I just took some new photos of Rokia and her band, they're on Commons. These are probably the best. Maybe worth including one of them -- or one of the shots including band members -- in the article? -Pete (talk) 07:16, 26 November 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rokia Traoré


text:
Charge!!

Charge!! is the fourth studio album by American comedy rock band The Aquabats, released on June 7, 2005 by Nitro Records.

Following a nearly six year semi-hiatus which resulted in numerous line-up changes, Charge!! was The Aquabats' first studio album to showcase the band's radical shift in sound, featuring a reduced five-member line-up and a reinvented musical style of new wave-influenced rock and punk music. Released to largely positive reviews and several successful international tours, Charge!! effectively revitalized The Aquabats' then-stalling career into the new century.

Overview
Following their dismissal from Goldenvoice Records in 2000, The Aquabats entered a lengthy period of relative inactivity, bringing much of their touring and recording plans to a standstill and resulting in the eventual departure of several of the band's key members, including the loss of their once prominent horn section. In 2004, The Aquabats independently released the EP Yo! Check Out This Ride! in an attempt to generate label interest, successfully signing to Nitro Records later in the year and commencing work on a new studio album in the fall. Despite this fortuitous turn of events, the band were still uncertain of their future following their semi-hiatus and radical shift in line-up. Singer Christian Jacobs (The MC Bat Commander) later commented that the band thought Charge! would possibly be their final album together.

While the lyricism of Charge!! continues in the typical Aquabats tradition of comedic self-referential narratives and pop culture and geek culture-oriented satire, the music introduced a bold new sound for the band, featuring a predominant focus on guitar and keyboard-driven rock, punk and Devo-influenced new wave rather than the ska-driven eclecticism of their earlier albums. Notably, Charge!! was the first Aquabats studio album not to feature brass instruments, indeed one of the most remarked upon aspects of the album by reviewers; in a 2006 interview, Jacobs stated that the band attempted to write a saxophone solo into one of the album's songs but ultimately felt it sounded too out of place.

Up until his return to the band in 2024 for their album Finally!, Charge! would be the last Aquabats album to feature longtime guitarist Corey Pollock (Chainsaw) as an official member, as he would eventually leave the band in 2006 as a result of their increased touring activity interfering with his day job. However, Pollock continued to frequently perform with the band live as a second guitarist and contributed guitar tracks to nearly all of their subsequent studio material.

Release and promotion
On April 1, 2005, Charge!! was announced for release in two months' time. Alongside this, the album's track listing and artwork, and an MP3 of "Fashion Zombies" was posted online. They offered a contest that whoever could get their local radio station to play the song would win an all expenses paid dinner with The Aquabats. The prize was claimed after a fan got the song airtime on Los Angeles' KROQ-FM and was taken to a T.G.I. Friday's.

Charge!! planned for release on June 14, 2005 through Nitro Records, before it was released a week earlier on June 7. It charted modestly upon release, reaching #21 on Billboard's Top Heatseekers. Copies of the album were packaged with Aquabats trading cards featuring pictures of the band and song lyrics. Although the cards were produced in sets of thirteen, each CD came with only two, with an insert humorously instructing fans to buy more CDs in order to collect them all.

In promotion of the album, the music video for "Fashion Zombies!" was released online on July 13, 2005, and on September 23, 2005, The Aquabats made their debut appearance on national television on the G4 program Attack of the Show, performing "Fashion Zombies!" and "Nerd Alert!".

Touring
In June and July 2005, the Aquabats embarked on a twelve-week tour of the US, dubbed the Teenage Pajamas From Outer Space tour, which was supported by the Epoxies and the Phenomenauts. Following this, they toured in August 2005 with the Eyeliners, the Phenomenauts and Time Again. In October 2005, they supported the Offspring for nine shows in Japan, which was followed by the Good to Go Tour in the UK with Never Heard of It, Army of Freshmen and Sonic Boom Six. In December 2005, the band played a short series of holiday shows with Valient Thorr and Goons of Doom. In May 2006, following the album's reissue, the Aquabats went on the This Better Work Or We Are Dead Tour, with Streetlight Manifesto and No Trigger supporting the West Coast dates and Whole Wheat Bread and The Aggrolites supporting the East Coast. In January 2007, the band announced they were finally wrapping up their touring to start work on a new studio album, performing their "last" show at The Glass House club in Pomona on January 27, where they played Charge!! in its entirety.

Reception
Critical reaction to Charge!! was generally positive, with many reviewers praising The Aquabats' transition in genre. Johnny Loftus of Allmusic gave the album four stars out of five, remarking that the band had "refocused its musical and ideological attack" during the six years since their previous studio album: "Intact are the pop references, zany in-jokes, and Batman villain fetishism...But Charge!! is much more rewarding musically. It doesn't loiter awkwardly between punk, pop, ska, and broad humor — it keeps the pressure on with a catchy guitar- and keyboard-driven blend of anthemic choruses and appropriately squawky elements." A review on IGN also complimented this shift in style, writing "The neo-new-wave result is superbly effective, especially considering the band's campy, Saturday-morning-cartoon feel."

Tim O'Neil of PopMatters also commented on the band's change of sound, writing that "The Aquabats' current strategic manifesto bears a strong resemblance to some of No Doubt's great late-period tactical accomplishments, especially on portions pertaining to the plague of 'Fashion Zombies!' and the propaganda manifesto 'Look at Me, I’m a Winner!'. Ironically, considering their near wholesale abandonment of the [ska] strategy, the greatest victory on Charge!! comes on the only battle to utilize the almost totally discredited Ska Force to full effect, the ebullient 'Waterslides! Jesse Raub of Punknews.org, though giving the album a four out of a possible five stars, lamented the album's lack of ska music but ultimately praised The Aquabats' humor, noting " I guess as long as the Aquabats are around, I won't be able to escape their siren song of goofiness. Strictly for the music, this album has the catchiest damn hooks I've heard in a long time. It's poppy as hell, and it definitely shows the progression of the band. You really are going to be missing out on a lot if you let this pass by you".

Special One-Year Anniversary Edition
In June 2006, The Aquabats released a tongue-in-cheek "First Anniversary" re-issue of Charge!!, featuring three previously unreleased bonus tracks from the original recording sessions, a DVD and brand new album art by artist Brandon Bird. Printed in a limited run, the anniversary re-issue was made available only through The Aquabats' website and live shows.

DVD contents

 * "How About Charge!!??", a 45-minute documentary on the making of the album, featuring a track-by-track commentary by The Aquabats.
 * "Fashion Zombies!" music video, with optional audio commentary by The Aquabats and producer Justin Lyon.
 * "Behind the Scenesters", behind-the-scenes footage of the making of the "Fashion Zombies!" music video.
 * "Charge!! Photoshoot", behind-the-scenes footage of the album cover photo shoot.
 * Charge!! web teasers, a collection of in-studio teaser trailers promoting the album.
 * Trading card photo gallery

Track listing
All songs written by The Aquabats.

The Aquabats

 * The MC Bat Commander – vocals
 * Crash McLarson – bass, vocals
 * Chainsaw – "viking axe" guitar
 * Jimmy the Robot – keyboards, vocals
 * Ricky Fitness – drums, percussion, sequencing, vocals

Production

 * Produced, engineered and mixed by Cameron Webb.
 * Mastered by Gene Grimaldi at Oasis Mastering, Studio City, California.
 * Recorded at Maple Studios in Santa Ana, California and Grandmaster Recorders in Hollywood, California.

title: Charge!!


text:
Talk:Craig Bellamy

Date of birth
I've just reverted an anon edit that his birthday is 13 January, which is what uk.sports.yahoo.com says. On the other hand the preponderence of sites (Norwich City FC, icnewcastle, officialplayersites.com etc) back up our long standing assertion that it's the 13th July. -- Arwel 22:24, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Possibly a little known fact
A young player wasn't considered experienced enough to merit travelling with the first team on a pre-season tour. I don't see why this warrants a place in an encyclopaedia.82.17.202.62 11:13, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Agreed. I've removed the sentence. 81.159.181.64 20:04, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Club stats
As he's just moved to my club (Liverpool) I clicked the link to have a look at his page and have tidied it somewhat, including adding the infobox. My problem is that I'm not entirely convinced by the accuracy of the information I've put there - mostly the Newcastle part. aLii 21:18, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Jersey Number
Yeah, sorry, I added his jersey number based on the Liverpool FC page, but then that got reverted to TBA as well. I should have checked it against an outside source. 71.205.94.195 19:04, 12 July 2006 (UTC)User:JelloSheriffBob

goals/appearances for Liverpool
Do we only count Premiership appearances and goals? I would have thought that european competition and the charity shield would have counted?--Wikipediatastic 09:14, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
 * At the bottom of the infobox it states:
 * * Professional club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only
 * If you want to add all the goals Bellamy has scored you can do it by adding a statistics table like this one. aLii 10:05, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

he did not score in the charity/community shield

Rhyl
Craig Bellamy never played for Rhyl, he came through the youth system at Norwich City. The details and statistics for this period of his career are obviously fictional. This is confirmed by all the external links cited at the bottom of the page.

(RadioClash86 17:21, 24 January 2007 (UTC))

 * Absolutely. If you'll pardon my French, the Rhyl section is complete bull***t. I can't believe it took more than two months before anybody noticed. I'm changing it back. --Badmotorfinger 00:49, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

The "Riise" incident
This is now mentioned under "International career". It's woth mentioning, but it might be better under another headline, and as of now it's poorly written. I personally care for neither soccer nor football, but maybe someone else could rewrite it? --80.202.212.184 15:21, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Nicknames
I'd like to contest the accuracy of the nickname, "Craig 'The Baby Eater' Bellamy." Is there something in the article I missed, or is this just a bit of a laugh at Bellamy's, ahh, temper? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.251.147.57 (talk) 04:14, 23 February 2007 (UTC).

Years of Birth of Children
I think there's a mistake with the ages of his kids, as it says the eldest was born in 1988, but that can't be possible unless Bellamy had the kid when he was 9. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by David3001 (talk • contribs) 18:16, 3 March 2007 (UTC).
 * That was put in by the most recent edit, by Raymisterio, which I've reverted. -- Arwel (talk) 21:15, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

Transfer Rumor
Bellamy has publicaly anounced that he would like to move back to celtic fc in the summer of 2007.

Is there a source for this or is it just a transfer rumour? Without a somewhat trustable source, I don't think it's right to have it here. --Manuanya 22:49, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't know if this can count as a source, but it's true. See here for the source. I'm going to update the article slightly in light of this. --Rypoll 10:59, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

There is no such thing as an SPL losers medal and I suspect that was added by a Rangers fan who thinks he is ever so funny. I'm going to remove it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.11.50.156 (talk) 03:06, 3 April 2008 (UTC) I dont think "the taig" is his nickname.A taig is a derogotory name for an Irish Roman Catholic,or in Scotland ..any Roman Catholic.I would assume that this has been added by some deluded bigoted Rangers fan .As Craig is known for his intense dislike of Rangers.cheers Richiebhoy1888 He is also FIT! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.21.42.67 (talk) 14:18, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

Aug/Sep 2011 transfer
I've removed the badly-written edit that says Bellamy has moved to Liverpool after falling out with Mancini. This hasn't happened yet (if at all) and relationship with Mancini is largely speculative. Mongoletsi (talk) 15:42, 31 August 2011 (UTC)

A rather rosy glow on Bellamy's character
Is it right that the lede has no mention of the fact that he's been arrested for assault multiple times (including for hitting women), but mentions that he's spared about a month's salary over the course of many years to give to charity? I'd edit this, but I don't want to be accused of character assasination without checking that there are no objections...212.124.225.66 (talk) 15:56, 31 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Check out WP:UNDUE. A mention of his personal troubles in the lead would be inappropriate, in my mind.-- Giants27 ( T  |  C )  16:03, 31 August 2011 (UTC)

Edit request from Nickyboy82, 31 August 2011
plays for liverpool

Nickyboy82 (talk) 21:42, 31 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done — Bility (talk) 23:58, 31 August 2011 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071215040716/http://www.sundaymirror.co.uk/news/tm_objectid%3D15436726%26method%3Dfull%26siteid%3D106694%26headline%3Ddrunken-bellamy-in-text-rant-at-shearer-name_page.html to http://www.sundaymirror.co.uk/news/tm_objectid%3D15436726%26method%3Dfull%26siteid%3D106694%26headline%3Ddrunken-bellamy-in-text-rant-at-shearer-name_page.html
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Craig Bellamy


text: Category:Fictional vehicles

title: Category:Fictional vehicles


text: User talk:65.13.0.185

title: User talk:65.13.0.185


text:
Talk:Universal Orlando

Resort name
As per COMMONNAME, shouldn't the article's name be Universal Orlando not Universal Orlando Resort. Just like Walt Disney World is used instead of Walt Disney World Resort. I recall the discussion on Talk:Walt Disney World, and how the consensus after two rounds of voting concurs with the aforementioned wiki guideline. By the way, I'm not talking about article content, just the article name. Sincerely, 20:00, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Competition?
What are the grounds for the claim Disney is competing with Universal. One resort is based on family-oriented franchises, suitable even for toddlers, the other one caters to a more mature audience with horror-themed attractions. If at all ii is a win-win for both resorts, tourists vacationing in the area will likely visit each. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.115.126.63 (talk) 15:29, 28 November 2013 (UTC)

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Map needed
please someone add a map 70.26.12.228 (talk) 12:47, 16 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Universal Orlando


text:
Sundsøre

Sundsøre is a small village with a ferry slip on the eastern side of the Salling peninsula in Skive Municipality, just across the Limfjord from Hvalpsund.

title: Sundsøre


text:
Talk:Charge!!

Charge!! (Special One-Year Anniversary Edition)
I noticed that a separate article about the Charge!! Special Edition had been created (Special One-Year Anniversary Edition). I don't think that this is necessary, and the article is merely a copy-and-pasted version of the original Charge!! article.

I added some information about the Special Edition in this article and am putting the other article up for deletion. Super Rad! 01:44, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

Restructuring article
I'd like to restructure this article (along with the other entries on Aquabats albums) into the traditional Wiki album format, as well as expand it a bit more. There's a lot of original research in this entry, so if no one objects, I'm going to remove the descriptions of individual songs and re-arrange the text. Skibz777 (talk) 07:57, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Charge!!


text:
User talk:138.162.0.43

January 2021
Your edit to United States free speech exceptions has been removed in whole or in part, as it appears to have added copyrighted material to Wikipedia without evidence of permission from the copyright holder. If you are the copyright holder, please read Donating copyrighted materials for more information on uploading your material to Wikipedia. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted material, including text or images from print publications or from other websites, without an appropriate and verifiable license. All such contributions will be deleted. You may use external websites or publications as a source of information, but not as a source of content, such as sentences or images—you must write using your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously, and persistent violators of our copyright policy will be blocked from editing. See Copying text from other sources for more information. — Diannaa (talk) 13:58, 16 January 2021 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

August 2021
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. When you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, such as at Articles for deletion/2021 Pentagon attack, (but never when editing articles), please be sure to sign your posts. There are two ways to do this. Either: This will automatically insert a signature with your username or IP address and the time you posted the comment. This information is necessary to allow other editors to easily see who wrote what and when.
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Thank you. --Jax 0677 (talk) 11:21, 11 August 2021 (UTC)

Please do not add or change content, as you did at USS Toledo (SSN-769), without citing a reliable source. Please review the guidelines at Citing sources and take this opportunity to add references to the article.   --Chris | Crazycomputers (talk) 15:22, 17 August 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:138.162.0.43


text:
User talk:Kjlewis/Archive 1

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You 22:26, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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Districts of Birmingham
Birmingham has eleven formal districts. The "panel" you use would be better titled "areas of Birmingham", but I don't know how or where to change that.. Andy Mabbett 09:26, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, you're right. I just saw the title & thought it meant district in the ordinary sense, not local government, so I stuck it on all the pages mentioned in the box where it wasn't already. I'm about to revert the template & rename it 'formal districts', so hopefully no-one else should get confused. Kjlewis 10:32, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Asia-struct-stub
Any reason why you have been removing Asia-struct-stub from stubs relating to structures in Asia? That's what it's for! I've noticed Kyoto Tower, Fukuoka Dome, and International Stadium Yokohama, all of which you repaced with a far coarser stub category (Japan-stub). if you intend to tdo that to any of the other 19 Japanese structure stubs, please leave the original template and add Japan-stub as a second template, rather than removing the more useful template. Grutness...  wha?  5 July 2005 10:18 (UTC)
 * S'alright, thanks. Keeping it as an asia-struct-stub has an added advantage, BTW - it makes it easier to tell whether there will ever be need of a separate Japan-struct-stub. Grutness...  wha?  5 July 2005 12:16 (UTC)

John Anthony McGuckin
Vis-a-vis restubbing, although JAM was born in the UK and lived there for many years (as well as Romanian and the Middle East), he currently resides in the US. Should we have him specifically as a UK bio stub? JHCC (talk) 16:07, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Stub as UK (for birth) and US (for current residence and place of work). JHCC (talk) 16:35, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Hiya, noticed you've done a bit on Isambard Kingdom Brunel, it's submitted for Peer Review now, aiming to get it Featured! Comments appreciated, cheers. --PopUpPirate 00:43, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Greensboro Day School
Don't you realize that Greensboro Day School is K-12? Your edit put it under "High Schools in North Carolina". - AMP'd 04:26, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Goody, I see you've changed it. FYI, K-12 means that students there range from Kindergarten to 12th grade (which I think you call "form 6" in England, unless you're not British, in which case sorry to take up your time).

Category:Schools in Kent
Note for you on its talk page --Pickle 21:46, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kjlewis/Archive 1