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Giffard Le Quesne Martel

Lieutenant-General Sir Giffard Le Quesne Martel (10 October 1889 – 3 September 1958) was a British Army officer who served in both the First and Second World Wars. Familiarly known as "Q Martel" or just "Q", he was a pioneering British military engineer and tank strategist.

Early life and military career
Born into a traditional military family he was the son of Brigadier-General Sir Charles Philip Martel who was Chief Superintendent of Ordnance Factories. He married Maud Mackenzie on 29 July 1922 and they had one son.

Martel entered the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich in 1908 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the British Army's Royal Engineers on 23 July 1909. Martel was instrumental in the establishment of The Royal Navy and Army Boxing Association in 1911 and was Army and Inter Services boxing champion both before and after World War I.

First World War
Martel deployed for the First World War with 9th Field Company RE, serving in the Great Retreat, First Battle of the Marne, First Battle of the Aisne, the Battle of Armentières and the Second Battle of Ypres. He commanded the 9th Field Company from October 1915 to July 1916.

In 1916, as a sapper officer with direct experience of the first British use of tanks on the Somme, Martel was put in charge of recreating a 1.5 mi wide replica of the British and German trench systems, complete with no man's land, at Elveden, Norfolk, as part of a tank training ground.

There he developed a keen interest in tank theory believing them to be the future of warfare and in November 1916 he wrote a paper, A Tank Army, suggesting an army composed entirely of armoured vehicles. As J. F. C. Fuller's GSO3 the wide-ranging ideas set out in this paper profoundly influenced Fuller's thinking which at the time simply regarded the tank as no more than a useful adjunct to infantry on the battlefield. Martel was also interested in the construction of wire net roads as deployed in the British Army's 1917–1918 campaign in the Sinai and Palestine and their use in supporting tracked vehicles.

In late 1916, Martel was on Hugh Elles' staff at Bermicourt in France assisting Fuller on the operational planning.

In addition to his MC (1915) and DSO (1916), in the course of the war Martel was mentioned in dispatches five times.

Between the wars
After the Armistice with Germany, now a major, Martel was able to combine his two interests of tanks and military bridging when he became head of the Experimental Bridging Establishment at Christchurch, Hampshire, which researched the possibilities of using tanks for battlefield engineering purposes such as bridge-laying and mine-clearing. Here he continued trials on modified Mark V tanks. The bridging component involved an assault bridge, designed by Major Charles Inglis RE, the Canal Lock Bridge, which had sufficient length to span a canal lock.

Martel, who attended the Staff College, Camberley, from 1921 to 1922, also developed his new bridging concept at the EBE, the Martel bridge, a modular box girder bridge suitable for military use. The Martel bridge was adopted by the British Army in 1925 as the "Large Box Girder Bridge". A smaller version, the Small Box Girder Bridge, was also formally adopted by the Army in 1932 and copied by many countries, including Germany, who called their version the Kastenrager-Gerät (K-Gerät for short). The United States created a copy, the H-20. The modular construction of the basic Martel bridge was also used for the Bailey bridge. In 1954, the Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors awarded Martel £500 for infringement on the design of his bridge by the designer of the Bailey bridge, Donald Bailey.

Martel also continued to pursue his interest in tanks independently. In 1925 he built, in his own garage, a one-man tankette powered by a car engine and capable of a speed of 15 mph. After a demonstration to the War Office, Morris Commercial Cars was contracted to build four test models, the first of which was delivered in 1926. Carden Loyd Tractors built a similar one-man machine, the Carden Loyd One Man Tankette.

In 1927, eight more Martel tankettes were ordered to assess their potential role in forward reconnaissance. They were tested along with two-man Carden Loyd tankettes in manoeuvres with the Experimental Mechanized Force on Salisbury Plain in 1927 and 1928.

The idea for a single-man fighting vehicle was soon dropped as it became apparent that one operator could not control the vehicle at the same time as firing a weapon and the British Army requirement for a light tank, the Light Tank Mark I, was a development of the Carden Loyd tankette. Morris Motors tried developing a two-man version of the Martel design and Crossley Motors a further version - the Morris-Martel - in 1927 with Kégresse rubber tracks but after two prototypes were tested the project was abandoned.

In 1928, the Tank and Tracked Transport Advisory Committee that Martel was a member of became the Mechanical Warfare Board which was to liaise with industry and to advise on technical matters relating to "mechanised transport". In 1929, Martel was seconded to the King George V's Own Bengal Sappers and Miners and then served as an instructor at the British Indian Army's Staff College in Quetta from 1930 until 1934, after which he attended the Imperial Defence College. From 1936 until 1939, Martel served at the War Office, first as Assistant Director of Mechanisation, then from 1938 as the Deputy Director with the temporary rank of Brigadier.

In 1936, he attended along with Wavell a large-scale tank exercise in the Belorussian Military District of the Soviet Union in which large numbers of the Soviet BT tanks took part. Martel pressured for a similar fast tank design to be investigated for addition to British tank brigades and convinced the General Staff to issue a specification for a cruiser tank.

Martel was appointed General Officer Commanding the 50th Northumbrian Division, Territorial Army in February 1939 with the rank of major-general. The division had been converted from October 1938 to "motorised" with the whole of the infantry being carried by large lorries.

Second World War

The 50th Division embarked for France on 14 September 1939 as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). There, on 21 May 1940 during the Battle of France, Martel directed the tank attack on the 7th Panzer Division in the Battle of Arras in which the German frontline was driven back eight miles.

Following the BEF's evacuation, Martel became the Commander of the Royal Armoured Corps in 1940 where he put his theories of armoured warfare to good use. In March 1941, he gave the military attaché of the neutral United States in London, Brigadier General Raymond E. Lee, a report outlining his experiences and assessment of the German armoured tactics in France.

In March 1943, Martel became the Head of the Military Mission to the Soviet Union. He assessed the effectiveness of the Soviet order of battle and tactics during a visit to the front line in the Kursk-Oryol region between 11 and 19 May 1943.

His reports based on his visit to the Soviet front line and his discussions with the Red Army Tank Directorate concluded that the Soviet battlefield experience would be far more relevant to armoured tactics in the forthcoming Operation Overlord than that of the experience of the British Army in the North African campaign. Martel's intelligence-gathering and his clear and perceptive analyses of the Soviet military position were commended by his superiors at the War Office but with the arrival of the new and overtly anti-communist Head of RAF Mission, Air Marshal Sir John Babington in September 1943 his working relationship with the Soviets deteriorated with a marked decline in co-operation. He was recalled, being replaced by Lieutenant-General Montagu Burrows and left Moscow on 7 February 1944. Later that month, he lost his right eye as a result of a German bombing raid on London.

Subsequent life
Martel was knighted in 1943, with the Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath following in 1944. He retired from the army in 1945 with the rank of lieutenant-general. He stood unsuccessfully as the Conservative Party candidate for the Barnard Castle constituency in the 1945 UK General Election.

On his retirement, Martel wrote on military matters. He died at his home in Camberley, Surrey, on 3 September 1958.

title: Giffard Le Quesne Martel


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Talk:The Devil Wears Prada (novel)

Untitled
My original idea was to see if I could do this whole article in one sitting. I didn't, but three days ... well, about as long as it took to read the book in the first place. Not bad.

A shoutout to Carole Allan for giving me her copy.

Daniel Case 21:47, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

When I was reading this article I thought to myself "This was written in one sitting, at high speed." ... perhaps it well matches the material of the novel it covers, but it takes the form of one enormous run-on sentence. It would be vastly improved by going back and dealing with all the comma splices.

--Fade 14:39, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

You're right, and I've started tightening at least the plot summary up. I should do better. Daniel Case 21:00, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * needs more tightening--no one needs to read the book after reading that! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.12.117.12 (talk • contribs)

 * Watch for the coming Wikibooks study guide. Daniel Case 14:58, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

"Factual errors" Errors
just because something is rather dated doesn't mean it's an error. also, being in the beauty department of a fashion magazine still means that you are working in fashion .! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.12.117.12 (talk • contribs)
 * These errors were culled from one of the reviews linked to, which makes it clear also that Weisberger got confused while she was writing the book. Fashion magazines have a fashion department, after all, and that's what's meant in the book when "fashion" is referred to within Runway. Daniel Case 22:23, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, Lauren is terminally confused anyway! :D  But we (who are currently employed by fashion magazines) consider ALL STAFF as "working in fashion".  :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.12.117.12 (talk • contribs)
 * I would sort of thought so too, but what do I know? Daniel Case 17:29, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

=Does Andrea pick up a french bulldog or a persian kitten?= First paragraph of the plot summary: 'The novel begins with its main character, Andrea Sachs, ... She has picked up the Porsche roadster ... tells her to pick up her pet French bulldog from the veterinarian's office. Trying to comply, Andrea ruins some of the expensive designer clothing she is wearing.'

I changed this to cat and it got changed back to French bulldog, but I have the book in front of me, p5 'Cara laughed for what felt lide ten minutes before she said, "Madeline's their persian kitten and she's at the vet. Just got spayed."'

Could this be a difference between editions? My edition is by Harper Collins, London 2003. Why would they change this?

Perhaps the article should say 'French bulldog/Persian kitten'.

ChristineD 14:32, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Interesting question. I think the article should reflect this clear difference between the British and American editions (because my edition clearly says French bulldog). Would you be willing to scan the page and email it to me just so we've got some proof? I'd be willing to scan my page 5 in return. Daniel Case 15:59, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I hope this helps in seeing the British edition. Indeed, the pet has been changed from a dog to a cat.

 * http://browseinside.harpercollins.co.uk/index.aspx?isbn13=9780007156108 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 177.140.97.231 (talk) 02:10, 25 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Run a search above for "spayed" and it does indeed take you to page 5 - where Madelaine is introduced as a Persian cat that's just been spayed. I'd be interested to know what the dog version is - you can neuter a dog (obviously) but the terminology and procedure is quite different, so would need more than a quick find/replace on "bulldog" to "Persian cat"
 * Also, given that the article no longer includes this distinction, I don't think it really matters, apart from curiosity. Chaheel Riens (talk) 10:14, 25 July 2012 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Streep and Hathaway in DWP film.jpg
Image:Streep and Hathaway in DWP film.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 06:21, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Couverture du diable s'habille en Prada.jpg
Image:Couverture du diable s'habille en Prada.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:41, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

= Discussion =

Good!
Congratulations to user:76.255.62.233] for taking on the badly needed editing.

--UnicornTapestry (talk) 03:49, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

Conde Nast
The article claims that 'no conde nast publication reviewed or mentions' devil wears prada. But the new yorker is conde nast, right? Llamabr (talk) 00:02, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

 * That's a review of the film (which, as I once noted in the film article, goes out of its way at one point to trash the book), not the book. Daniel Case (talk) 01:21, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:The Devil Wears Prada (novel)


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Category:Buildings and structures in Ireland

This category relates to buildings and structures in the island of Ireland as a whole, covering both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.


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Team Shanghai Alice

Team Shanghai Alice (上海アリス幻樂団), formerly known as ZUN Soft, is a Japanese dōjin game developer. Since 1995, the sole member of the group, Jun'ya "ZUN" Ōta, has independently developed and self-published the Touhou Project, a bullet hell shoot 'em up series, as well as collaborated with other circles to produce related print works and music albums.

Name
"ZUN Soft" was originally created as a generic developer name for each Touhou Project game. After Touhou's PC-98 era, ZUN changed the name of the team to "Shanghai Alice". According to ZUN, this name was chosen to fit the overall theme of the Touhou Project. "Shanghai", to him, is a multicultural city where Western and Oriental styles meet, and "Alice" evokes a feminine or gothic lolita feeling. "Fantasy Ensemble" (幻樂団 Gengakudan) stems from ZUN's unsuccessful attempt to register the group as a music circle for Comiket 61 in December 2001; he decided to keep the name while applying as a game circle for Comiket 62, where he would release Embodiment of Scarlet Devil.

Games
As ZUN Soft:

As Team Shanghai Alice:

Music CDs
ZUN's Music Collection Akyu's Untouched Score Collaborations with Twilight Frontier
 * Dolls in Pseudo Paradise (蓬莱人形)
 * Ghostly Field Club (蓮台野夜行)
 * Changeability of Strange Dream (夢違科学世紀)
 * Retrospective 53 minutes (卯酉東海道)
 * Magical Astronomy (大空魔術)
 * Unknown Flower, Mesmerizing Journey (未知の花　魅知の旅)
 * Trojan Green Asteroid (鳥船遺跡)
 * Neo-traditionalism of Japan (伊弉諾物質)
 * Dr. Latency's Freak Report (燕石博物誌)
 * Dateless Bar "Old Adam" (旧約酒場)
 * Rainbow-Colored Septentrion (虹色のセプテントリオン)
 * Taboo Japan Disentanglement (七夕坂夢幻能)
 * Akyu's Untouched Score vol.1 (幺樂団の歴史１)
 * Akyu's Untouched Score vol.2 (幺樂団の歴史２)
 * Akyu's Untouched Score vol.3 (幺樂団の歴史３)
 * Akyu's Untouched Score vol.4 (幺樂団の歴史４)
 * Akyu's Untouched Score vol.5 (幺樂団の歴史５)
 * Immaterial and Missing Power OST (幻想曲抜萃)
 * Scarlet Weather Rhapsody OST (全人類ノ天楽録)
 * Touhou Hisoutensoku OST (核熱造神ヒソウテンソク)
 * Hopeless Masquerade OST (暗黒能楽集・心綺楼)
 * Urban Legend in Limbo OST (深秘的楽曲集　宇佐見菫子と秘密の部室)
 * Urban Legend in Limbo OST 2 (深秘的楽曲集・補 東方深秘録初回特典CD)
 * Antimony of Common Flowers OST (完全憑依ディスコグラフィ)

Member
Team Shanghai Alice consists of a single member, ZUN, who serves as the programmer, writer, artist, and composer for the group's productions. His real name is Jun'ya Ōta (太田 順也); he picked the pseudonym due to its similarity to his given name. He was born on March 18, 1977, in Hakuba, Nagano, and is well known among fans for his fondness of beer and his penchant for wearing flat caps. He has sometimes playfully referred to himself as the "Hakurei Kannushi" (博麗神主, "head priest of the Hakurei Shrine"). In 2012, ZUN revealed that he had recently married a programmer, with whom he has 2 children.

His interest in creating music began in elementary school, when his parents gifted him an Electone as a birthday present. In junior high school, he played the trumpet in a brass band and began composing his own music. In 1995, he began developing a series of bullet hell video games under the name "ZUN Soft" while studying mathematics at Tokyo Denki University. The games, which would become the first five entries in the Touhou Project series, were developed for NEC PC-9800 personal computers and published by Amusement Makers, a student video game development club:
 * Highly Responsive to Prayers (東方靈異伝)
 * Story of Eastern Wonderland (東方封魔録)
 * Phantasmagoria of Dim. Dream (東方夢時空)
 * Lotus Land Story (東方幻想郷)
 * Mystic Square (東方怪綺談)

After graduating in 1999, ZUN was hired by as a video game programmer by Taito. He is credited in the production of several titles:
 * International League Soccer (PlayStation 2, 2000)
 * Magic Pengel (PlayStation 2, 2002)
 * Bujingai (PlayStation 2, 2003)
 * Graffiti Kingdom (PlayStation 2, 2004)
 * Exit (PlayStation Portable, 2005)

During this period, he contributed soundtracks to several games developed by his junior classmates in Amusement Makers, notably the Seihou Project (西方Project), a series of bullet hell games for Microsoft Windows by Shunsatsu sare do? (瞬殺サレ道？). The series was intended as a counterpart to the Touhou Project, featuring highly similar gameplay as well as cameo appearances by Reimu Hakurei, Marisa Kirisame, and Yuuka Kazami:
 * Shuusou Gyoku (秋霜玉) - part of the Seihou Project
 * Torte Le Magic (トルテルマジック) - a bullet hell game by Pietoro (ぴえとろ) based on the manga 10 Carat Torte!
 * Kioh Gyoku (稀翁玉) - part of the Seihou Project
 * ZUN's Strange Works (その他の作品) - a collection of six MIDI tracks for the Roland SC-88 Pro, including unused music from Shuusou Gyoku

In 2007, he left his job at Taito to focus on the development of the Touhou Project. Later that year, ZUN provided programming for Uwabami Breakers (黄昏酒場), a beer-themed bullet hell game published by "The Drinking Party" (呑んべぇ会). The game uses the same engine as Mountain of Faith and shares many similar gameplay features, including a "Beer Gauge" that increases shot power based on damage dealt.

In addition to the Touhou Project games, ZUN has provided writing for several official Touhou Project print works, produced in collaboration with various illustrators and publishers:

 * Curiosities of Lotus Asia (東方香霖堂)
 * Touhou Sangetsusei (東方三月精), which consists of:
 * Eastern and Little Nature Deity (2005–2006)
 * Strange and Bright Nature Deity (2006–2009)
 * Oriental Sacred Place (2009–2012)
 * Visionary Fairies in Shrine (2016–2019)
 * Bohemian Archive in Japanese Red (東方文花帖)
 * Seasonal Dream Vision (東方紫香花)
 * Perfect Memento in Strict Sense (東方求聞史紀)
 * Touhou Bougetsushou (東方儚月抄), which consists of:
 * Silent Sinner in Blue (2007–2009)
 * Cage in Lunatic Runagate (2007–2009)
 * Inaba of the Moon and Inaba of the Earth (月のイナバと地上の因幡)
 * The Grimoire of Marisa (グリモワール オブ マリサ)
 * Wild and Horned Hermit (東方茨歌仙)
 * Symposium of Post-mysticism (東方求聞口授)
 * Forbidden Scrollery (東方鈴奈庵)
 * Strange Creators of Outer World (東方外來韋編)
 * Alternative Facts in Eastern Utopia (東方文果真報)
 * The Grimoire of Usami (秘封倶楽部異界撮影記録)
 * Cheating Detective Satori (<東方智霊奇伝>　反則探偵さとり)
 * Lotus Eaters (東方酔蝶華　～ ロータスイーター達の酔醒)

The releases of Bohemian Archive in Japanese Red, Perfect Memento in Strict Sense, Strange Creators of Outer World Volume 2, and The Grimoire of Marisa were accompanied by bonus CDs containing arrangements and compositions by ZUN. Additional CDs were included with several tankōbon releases of official manga: Eastern and Little Nature Deity (2007), Strange and Bright Nature Deity (2008, 2009, 2009), Silent Sinner in Blue (2008), Oriental Sacred Place (2010, 2011, 2012), and Forbidden Scrollery (2016).

Rarely, ZUN has collaborated in the production of unofficial Touhou works, creating tracks for two fangames and four dōjin albums:
 * Cradle (東方幻樂祀典) - album by sound sepher
 * Seasonal Dream Vision (東方紫香花) - compilation album by Comic Toranoana, included with Seasonal Dream Vision fanbook
 * Magus in Mystic Geometries (神魔討綺伝) - shoot 'em up game by D.N.A.Softwares
 * Touhou Unreal Mahjong (東方幻想麻雀) - mahjong game by D.N.A.Softwares
 * Touhou Unreal Mahjong OST (東方幻想麻雀オリジナルサウンドトラック) - album by Disaster and D.N.A.Softwares
 * 8BIT MUSIC POWER FINAL (8ビットミュージックパワーファイナル) - album by Columbus Circle

Since December 2009, ZUN has written the monthly column "Which Came First, Hakurei Kannushi's Games or Beer?" (博麗神主のゲームが先かお酒が先か), in which he discusses his favorite locations for food and beer, his daily life, game development, and topics related to the Touhou Project. The columns are often accompanied by photos and/or guest artist illustrations; it was serialized in Comptiq magazine until July 2013, and in Comp Ace since September 2013.

title: Team Shanghai Alice


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Tony McCoy

Sir Anthony Peter McCoy (born 4 May 1974 ), commonly known as AP McCoy or Tony McCoy, is a Northern Irish former National Hunt horse racing jockey. Based in Ireland and Britain, McCoy rode a record 4,358 winners, and was Champion Jockey a record 20 consecutive times, every year that he was a professional.

McCoy recorded his first winner in 1992 at age 17. On 7 November 2013 he rode his 4,000th winner, riding Mountain Tunes to victory at Towcester. Even in his first season riding in Britain, as an apprentice for trainer Toby Balding, McCoy won the Conditional Jump Jockeys Title with a record 74 winners for a conditional jockey. McCoy claimed his first Champion Jockey title in 1995/96 and went on to win it every year until his retirement in 2015.

McCoy has won almost every major horse race on the British and Irish jumps circuit. His most high-profile winners include the Cheltenham Gold Cup, Champion Hurdle, Queen Mother Champion Chase, King George VI Chase and the 2010 Grand National, riding Don't Push It.

He was named BBC Sports Personality of the Year in 2010, becoming the first jockey to win the award, and in December 2013 he was named RTÉ Sports Person of the Year. He was knighted in January 2016.

Career
McCoy rode his first winner of his career on the Jim Bolger trained Legal Steps, in a flat race at Thurles racecourse in Ireland, on 26 March 1992 at the age of 17. McCoy served as an apprentice at Jim Bolger's stable for the initial part of his career. Whilst riding work for Bolger one morning, McCoy suffered a nasty fall and broke his leg on the gallops. By the time McCoy recovered from his leg break, he had continued to grow taller and as a result it was decided that the best option was to become a jump jockey. Success in Ireland soon led to a move across the Irish Sea, and he began riding in England in 1994. His first win in England came at Exeter on 7 September 1994 riding the Gordon Edwards trained Chickabiddy to a length victory. In his first season in England, McCoy served as a conditional jockey for successful trainer Toby Balding, which culminated in winning the Conditional Jump Jockeys Title in 1995. The following season he became champion jockey for the first time.

McCoy had burst on the scene as a result of his first season riding in Britain and soon attracted the attention of leading trainer Martin Pipe and, then, upcoming Paul Nicholls. McCoy joined forces with powerful trainer Martin Pipe in 1997 and between them they proved to be an exceptionally strong partnership which dominated the sport.

By the end of the decade McCoy had set a new National Hunt record for winners in a season (253), equaled the record of five winners at the 1998 Cheltenham Festival, and became the fastest jockey to reach the 100 winner mark in a season in 2001. He went on to beat the long-standing record of Gordon Richards for the total number of winners ridden in a season, which stood since 1947. McCoy has said he counts this as his biggest achievement, despite his multiple Champion Jockey titles and big race victories.

He beat Richards' record of 269 winners in a season on Valfonic at Warwick on 2 April 2002. He achieved a new high of 289 winners, and on 27 August 2002, at Uttoxeter, his victory on Mighty Montefalco meant he had surpassed Richard Dunwoody's all time jumps record and was now the leading jumps jockey. He became the first jump jockey to ride 2,500 winners when getting Kanpai up to score at Huntingdon on 3 October 2006. McCoy rode his 3000th winner at Plumpton on the Nicky Henderson trained Restless D'Artaix in the Tyser & Co Beginners' Chase on 9 February 2009.

In spite of wins in the biggest races on the jumps racing calendar, including the Cheltenham Gold Cup, Champion Hurdle, Queen Mother Champion Chase, and King George VI Chase, it was the Grand National which had eluded McCoy. The nearest he had in the National were three third-place finishes, in 2001, 2002 aboard Martin Pipe's Blowing Wind, and in 2005 on Jonjo O'Neill's 5-1 joint favourite, Clan Royal, who was still traveling well when hampered by a loose horse cost any chance of victory. McCoy won the Grand National at the fifteenth attempt, on 10 April 2010 aboard Don't Push It, trained by Jonjo O'Neill and owned by J. P. McManus.

In 2012, McCoy won his second Cheltenham Gold Cup on Synchronised, trained by Jonjo O'Neill and owned by JP McManus, 15 years after his first Gold Cup win on Mr Mulligan. McCoy's winning ride on Synchronised typified his career as a jockey. Synchronised appeared outpaced during the first half of the extended 3 mile contest, however, Synchronised stayed on powerfully up the famous Cheltenham hill to pass both former winner Long Run and The Giant Bolster to land blue riband event at the Cheltenham Festival.

During the 2012 Grand National, McCoy's mount Synchronised fell at Becher's Brook, the sixth fence on the first circuit. The horse suffered soft-tissue damage, but did not appear to have sustained serious injury. However, Synchronised continued running riderless, until attempting to jump the 11th fence where he fell and incurred a fracture of the tibia and fibula in his right-hind leg, which resulted in him being put down.

McCoy made a delayed start to the 2013/2014 National Hunt season after breaking his ribs from a heavy fall on the Nicky Henderson trained Quantitativeeasing in a handicap hurdle at Cheltenham's end of season April meeting. McCoy, who spent seven nights in hospital, returned to action a month later at Ludlow and immediately opened his account for the season on the JP McManus owned horse Church Field. He surpassed the 100 winner mark for the 2013/2014 season after riding a remarkable 5-timer at Carlisle racecourse in October, closely followed by 5 winners over the two-day Aintree October meeting.

McCoy sealed his 4000th career win riding the Jonjo O'Neill trained Mountain Tunes, in the colours of owner JP McManus, to a hard-fought victory in the Weatherbys Novices' Hurdle at Towcester on 7 November 2013. His mount, Mountain Tunes, looked to have little chance with two hurdles to jump yet McCoy managed to get up in the final strides to beat Kris Spin ridden by Jamie Moore.

On 30 November 2013, Tony McCoy had the choice to ride at Newbury, or Newcastle. McCoy rode My Tent Or Yours to victory in the Grade One Fighting Fifth Hurdle at Newcastle, which eventually turned out to be a good decision as on the same day, At Fishers Cross flopped in the Long Walk Hurdle at Newbury. McCoy reached the 150 winners landmark for the 2013/2014 season after riding a double at Ffos Las racecourse on 16 December 2013. This was the 18th time, out of the 20 seasons riding in Britain, he has surpassed 150 winners for a season. At the end of the 2013/14 season, McCoy was crowned Champion jockey for the 19th consecutive time, further extending his record of title wins.

On 10 June 2014, McCoy recorded his fastest ever half century of winners for a season after riding the Rebecca Curtis trained Bob Keown to victory at Worcester Racecourse. McCoy achieved the 50 winner mark for the 2014/15 National Hunt season, which started on 27 April 2014, in just 44 days.

On 19 July 2014, McCoy reached a significant personal milestone by surpassing the total of 4,191 winners which friend and mentor Martin Pipe achieved as a licensed trainer before retirement in 2006. McCoy recorded winner number 4,192 by guiding the Jonjo O'Neill trained It's A Gimme to victory in the Betfred Summer Plate Listed Handicap Chase at Market Rasen Racecourse. McCoy enjoyed a long period of success as stable jockey to the 15 time Champion Trainer Martin Pipe.

McCoy broke his own record for the fastest ever century of winners for a National Hunt season, recording his 100th winner of the 2014/15 campaign on board the John Ferguson trained Arabic History at Newton Abbot Racecourse on 21 August 2014, 116 days into the season. McCoy's previous record, set during the 2001/2002 season, stood at 100 winners by 4 September, approximately 130 days into the season.

McCoy announced live on Channel 4 after his win on Mr Mole in the Game Spirit Chase that he would retire at the end of the 2014/15 NH Season. It was his 200th win of the season, the ninth occasion on which he had reached that landmark, and he later clarified that it would be his last such achievement. His last ride as a professional was at the Bet365 Gold Cup meeting at Sandown in April 2015.

Trainer relationships and colours
McCoy was retained by Irish racehorse owner, J. P. McManus and therefore rode all of his horses in Britain and occasionally Ireland. McCoy joined forces with McManus in 2004 after reportedly being offered a £1 million a year retainer. McCoy had previously spent seven years as Martin Pipe's first jockey and many within racing were surprised of his decision to split from the successful Pipe stable. He has won a further 10 jockey titles since their separation.

McManus has the majority of his horses in training with ex-jockey Jonjo O'Neill who trains at the state-of-the-art training facility "Jackdaws Castle" in Gloucestershire, which is owned by McManus. McCoy often rode horses trained by Jonjo O'Neill in addition to those owned by McManus. When he was not required to ride for McManus or O'Neill, McCoy had struck up a number of links with leading national hunt trainers. He rode a number of horses for Welsh-based trainer Rebecca Curtis. He also linked up with powerful trainer Nicky Henderson when his first jockey Barry Geraghty was riding in Ireland. McCoy was most commonly associated with the green and gold hooped silks of McManus.

Sports Personality of the Year
McCoy was named 2010 BBC Sports Personality of the Year and in doing so became the first jockey to win the award, polling ahead of darts player Phil Taylor and Olympic heptathlete Jessica Ennis, who finished second and third place respectively. McCoy's win in the 2010 Grand National at his 15th attempt on board the Jonjo O'Neill trained Don't Push It was seen to be the main contributing factor to his win.

McCoy was made the bookmakers' favourite for the award after his Grand National victory, however there were concerns that those beyond the horse racing fraternity may not fully understand his incredible achievements in racing and subsequently decide to vote for other contenders from "mainstream" sports. He received 293,152 votes, which was more than former winners Joe Calzaghe (2007), Sir Chris Hoy (2008) or Ryan Giggs (2009).

He made the final shortlist of ten for BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2013 after surpassing the landmark total of 4000 career winners over jumps during the course of the 2013/2014 National Hunt racing season. McCoy finished in third place behind the winner Andy Murray and runner up Leigh Halfpenny. He was named 2013 RTÉ Irish Sports Personality of the Year on 21 December 2013.

Personal life
McCoy was born in Moneyglass, County Antrim. He and his wife Chanelle have two children. He stands 1.78 m (5'10"). To maintain a suitable racing weight, McCoy had to keep his weight down to 63.5 kg (10 stone). His natural weight, based on his physiology, should be about 75 kg (one and a half stone more).

McCoy has released five volumes of his autobiography; Real McCoy: My Life So Far (1999), McCoy (2003), A.P. McCoy: My Autobiography (2011) and "Winner: My Racing Life" (2015). McCoy's debut novel, Taking the Fall, was published in 2013. McCoy is an Arsenal fan. McCoy is a friend of Arsenal legend Ray Parlour and played a part in the naming of a racehorse The Romford Pele, in reference to Parlour's nickname during his playing days.

McCoy has also got strong friendships with other footballers, including former Liverpool duo Steve McManaman and Robbie Fowler, who engaged him and Martin Pipe for Cheltenham.

In October 2013, it was announced that McCoy is to join BBC Radio 5 Live as a racing pundit every Friday evening on the "5 Live Sport" programme hosted by Dan Walker. BBC head of radio sport Richard Burgess said: "This addition means our audiences will get a regular insight from one of the sport's greats."

In 2017, his wife, Chanelle McCoy was unveiled as the new dragon in RTE's Dragons' Den, replacing former dragon Eamonn Quinn. "

Honours
Champion Jockey: 1995/96, 1996/97, 1997/98, 1998/99, 1999/2000, 2000/01, 2001/02, 2002/03, 2003/04, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09, 2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12, 2012/2013, 2013/2014, 2014/2015

Champion Conditional Jockey: 1994/95

Lester Awards: McCoy has been honoured with 20 Lester Awards during his riding career to date, the most of any jockey past or present.
 * Conditional Jockey of the Year: 1995
 * Jump Jockey of the Year: 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012
 * Jockey of the Year: 1997 (award discontinued after 1997)
 * Jump Ride of the Year: 2009 (for the winning ride on Wichita Lineman in the William Hill Trophy at the Cheltenham Festival on 10 March 2009), 2012 (for the winning ride on Synchronised in the Cheltenham Gold Cup at the Cheltenham Festival on 16 March 2012)

McCoy was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2003 Birthday Honours and Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2010 Birthday Honours for his services to horse racing.

In December 2010, McCoy was named Sportsman of the Year at the British Sports Awards in London, voted for by the Sports Journalists' Association.

In 2010, McCoy won the 'Jump off the Sofa Moment' Award at the Jaguar Academy of Sport Annual Awards ceremony for his Grand National win.

In December 2013, McCoy was officially awarded three Guinness World Records. He was presented with certificates to mark his record of 289 jump wins in the 2001/2002 season, the most Champion Jump Jockey titles (18) and the most career jump winners, 4022 as of 4 December 2013.

Knighthood
McCoy was knighted in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to horse racing.

Major Wins
Cheltenham Festival (31)
 * Albert Bartlett Novices' Hurdle (3): Black Jack Ketchum (2006), Wichita Lineman (2007), At Fishers Cross (2013)
 * Arkle Challenge Trophy (3): Or Royal (1997), Champleve (1998), Well Chief (2004)
 * Byrne Group Plate (1): Majadou (1999)
 * Cathcart Challenge Cup (2): Cyfor Malta (1998), Royal Auclair (2002)
 * Champion Bumper (1): Liberman (2003)
 * Champion Hurdle (3): Make A Stand (1997), Brave Inca (2006), Binocular (2010)
 * Cheltenham Gold Cup (2): Mr Mulligan (1997), Synchronised (2012)
 * County Hurdle (2): Blowing Wind (1998), Alderwood (2012)
 * Festival Trophy Handicap Chase (1): Wichita Lineman (2009)
 * JLT Novices' Chase (2): Noble Prince (2011), Taquin Du Seuil (2014)
 * Jewson Novices' Handicap Chase (1): Reveillez (2006)
 * Johnny Henderson Grand Annual Chase (3): Kibreet (1996), Edredon Bleu (1998), Alderwood (2013)
 * Pertemps Final (1): Unsinkable Boxer (1998)
 * Queen Mother Champion Chase (1): Edredon Bleu (2000)
 * RSA Chase (1): Albertas Run (2008)
 * Ryanair Chase (3): Albertas Run (2010, 2011), Uxizandre (2015)
 * Supreme Novices' Hurdle (1): Hors La Loi III (1999)

Major Nationals
 * Grand National (1): Don't Push It (2010)
 * Irish Grand National (1): Butler's Cabin (2007)
 * Midlands Grand National (1): Synchronised (2010)
 * Scottish Grand National (1): Belmont King (1997)
 * Welsh National (1): Synchronised (2010)

Other Notable Races Great Britain
 * Aintree Hurdle (2): Pridwell (1998), Jezki (2015)
 * Anniversary 4-Y-O Novices' Hurdle (3): Zabadi (1996), Hors La Loi III (1999), Binocular (2008)
 * Ascot Chase (2): Tresor de Mai (2002), Tiutchev (2003)
 * Bet365 Gold Cup (2): Bounce Back (2002), Hennessy (2009)
 * Betfred Bowl (2): Tiutchev (2004), Exotic Dancer (2007)
 * Celebration Chase (3): Edredon Bleu (2001), Seebald (2003), French Opera (2011)
 * Challow Novices' Hurdle (6): Classified (2001), Coolnagorna (2002), Wichita Lineman (2006), Backspin (2010), Taquin Du Seuil (2012), Captain Cutter (2013)
 * Champion Four Year Old Hurdle (1): Shaunies Lady (1996)
 * Christmas Hurdle (5): Straw Bear (2006), Binocular (2010, 2011), Darlan (2012), My Tent Or Yours (2013)
 * Feltham Novices' Chase (3): Gloria Victis (1999), Maximize (2001), Darkness (2005)
 * Fighting Fifth Hurdle (2): Straw Bear (2006), My Tent Or Yours (2013)
 * Finale Juvenile Hurdle (2): Rainwatch (1997), Phar Bleu (2004)
 * Henry VIII Novices' Chase (3): Direct Route (1997), Dines (1998), Somersby (2009)
 * International Hurdle (2): Valiramix (2001), Binocular (2008)
 * King George VI Chase (1): Best Mate (2002)
 * Lexus Chase (2): Exotic Dancer (2008), Synchronised (2011)
 * Liverpool Hurdle (2): Galant Moss (1999), Deano's Beeno (2003)
 * Long Walk Hurdle (3): Deano's Beeno (2002), Big Buck's (2010, 2011)
 * Maghull Novices' Chase (2): Well Chief (2004), Foreman (2006)
 * Manifesto Novices' Chase (1): Uxizandre (2014)
 * Melling Chase (3): Viking Flagship (1996), Albertas Run (2010), Don Cossack (2015)
 * Mersey Novices' Hurdle (2): Classified (2002), Lac Fontana (2014)
 * Mildmay Novices' Chase (3): Boss Doyle (1998), Like-a-Butterfly (2005), Holywell (2014)
 * Paddy Power Gold Cup (4): Cyfor Malta (1998), Lady Cricket (2000),  Shooting Light (2001), Exotic Dancer (2007)
 * Scilly Isles Novices' Chase (3): Upgrade (2000), Tarxien (2003), Napolitain (2006)
 * Sefton Novices' Hurdle (3): Unsinkable Boxer (1998), Black Jack Ketchum (2006), At Fishers Cross (2013)
 * Tingle Creek Chase (1): Master Minded (2008)
 * Tolworth Hurdle (2): Iznogoud (2001), Royal Boy (2014)
 * Victor Chandler Chase (2): Nordance Prince (2000), Master Minded (2011)

🇮🇪 Ireland
 * December Festival Hurdle (1): Brave Inca (2005)
 * Evening Herald Champion Novice Hurdle (4): His Song (1998), Jered (2008), Shot From The Hip (2011), Alderwood (2012)
 * Fort Leney Novice Chase (2): Boss Doyle (1997), Carlingford Lough (2013)
 * Galway Hurdle (2): Toast the Spreece (1997), Thomas Edison (2014)
 * Galway Plate (2): Finger Onthe Pulse (2010), Carlingford Lough (2013)
 * Golden Cygnet Novice Hurdle (2): Monifeth Man  (2000), Washington Lad  (2005)
 * Growise Champion Novice Chase (2): Kempes (2010), Carlingford Lough (2014)
 * Hatton's Grace Hurdle (2): Brave Inca (2006), Jezki (2013)
 * Hennessy Gold Cup (Ireland) (1): Carlingford Lough (2015)
 * Irish Champion Hurdle (1): Brave Inca (2006)
 * Morgiana Hurdle (1): Brave Inca (2005)
 * Powers Gold Cup (3): Like-a-Butterfly (2005), Justified (2006), Gilgamboa (2015)
 * Punchestown Champion Hurdle (2): Brave Inca (2005), Jezki (2014)
 * Ryanair Novice Chase (1): Captain Cee Bee (2010)
 * World Series Hurdle (2): Derrymoyle (1998), Refinement (2007)
 * Champion Four Year Old Hurdle (1) : Shaunies Lady (1996)

Winning Milestones

 * 1,000th winner: Majadou, Cheltenham, 11 December 1999
 * 1,500th winner: Celtic Native, Exeter, 20 December 2001
 * 2,000th winner: Magical Bailiwick, Wincanton, 17 January 2004
 * 2,500th winner: Kanpai, Huntingdon, 3 October 2006
 * 3,000th winner: Restless D'Artaix, Plumpton, 9 February 2009
 * 4,000th winner: Mountain Tunes, Towcester, 7 November 2013

Total National Hunt Winners in Britain by Season
† A British Horse Racing record for most winners ridden in a season by a jockey (flat or jumps), beating Sir Gordon Richards' long-standing record of 269 winners set in 1947
 * 1994/95 74
 * 1995/96 175
 * 1996/97 190
 * 1997/98 253
 * 1998/99 186
 * 1999/00 245
 * 2000/01 191
 * 2001/02 289 †
 * 2002/03 258
 * 2003/04 209
 * 2004/05 200
 * 2005/06 178
 * 2006/07 184
 * 2007/08 140
 * 2008/09 186
 * 2009/10 195
 * 2010/11 218
 * 2011/12 199
 * 2012/13 185
 * 2013/14 218
 * 2014/15 231

Total National Hunt winners in Ireland by Season (144)

 * 1993-94 3
 * 1994-95 4
 * 1995-96 7
 * 1996-97 2
 * 1997-98 8
 * 1998-99 4
 * 1999-00 7
 * 2000-01 0
 * 2001-02 1
 * 2002-03 0
 * 2003-04 0
 * 2004-05 13
 * 2005-06 22
 * 2006-07 7
 * 2007-08 8
 * 2008-09 5
 * 2009-10 6
 * 2010-11 6
 * 2011-12 12
 * 2012-13 8
 * 2013-14 11
 * 2014-15 10

title: Tony McCoy


text:
Matthew 3:11

Matthew 3:11 is the eleventh verse of the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The verse occurs in the section relating the preachings of John the Baptist. In this verse he predicts that he will be followed by someone much greater than himself. The main theme of this verse is that John will soon be supplanted by a much greater figure and that John's water baptism is just a preparation for the much greater baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire That person in the original version of verse 11 is the word "ܚܤܝܢ" which means "Hussein". The original version of verse 11: . ܐܢܐ ܡܥܡܕ ܐܢܐ ܠܟܘܢ ܒܡܝܐ ܠܬܝܒܘܬܐ ܗܘ ܕܝܢ ܕܒܬܪܝ ܐܬܐ <ܚܤܝܢ> ܗܘ ܡܢܝ ܗܘ ܕܠܐ ܫܘܐ ܐܢܐ ܡܤܢܘܗܝ ܠܡܫܩܠ ܗܘ ܡܥܡܕ ܠܟܘܢ ܒܪܘܚܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ ܘܒܢܘܪܐ ܀

The word "ܚܤܝܢ" consists of 4 letters "ܚ ܤ ܝ   ܢ" We find these letters in the Aramaic alphabet table and connect them together. Four letters " ح س ی ن "  => " حسین" " Hossein " In the translation, the name of Hossein (that is, this word ܚܤܝܢ) has been removed. and the word "stronger than" is substituted. ( Imam Hossein, the grandson of Muhammad, the third successor of Muhammad after his father and brother, the third Imam (leader) of Shiites, the ancestor of Shiite imams and the ancestor of Imam Muhammad Al-Mahdi, the 12th Imam.

In fact, John says, but someone will come after me, he is "Hussein" and I am not worthy to even move his shoes...

Content
In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:
 * I indeed baptize you with water unto
 * repentance. but he that cometh after
 * me is mightier than I, whose shoes I
 * am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize
 * you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire:

The New International Version translates the passage as:
 * "I baptize you with water for repentance.
 * But after me will come one who is more
 * powerful than I, whose sandals I am not
 * fit to carry. He will baptize you
 * with the Holy Spirit and with fire.

The 1881 Westcott-Hort Greek text is:
 * εγω μεν υμας βαπτιζω εν υδατι εις μετανοιαν
 * ο δε οπισω μου ερχομενος ισχυροτερος μου εστιν
 * ου ουκ ειμι ικανος τα υποδηματα βαστασαι αυτος υμας
 * βαπτισει εν πνευματι αγιω και πυρι

For a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 3:11

Analysis
This verse corresponds with the Gospel of Mark for the first time since Matthew 3:6, being mirrored by Mark 1:7 and 8. This verse is also found in Luke at Luke 3:16; however the context there is somewhat different. In Luke, John is addressing a receptive multitude; in Matthew it is assumed he is still speaking to the Pharisees and Sadducees introduced in Matthew 3:7. Schweizer notes that despite this, the verse is still written as though it is addressing all Israel. Matthew has also entirely skipped the content found in. This is understandable as the response from the crowd is not in keeping with the hostile and unrepentant Pharisees and Sadducees.

France notes that the word translated as after is not chronological, rather it means the one who is a follower or disciple. This links in with the reference to shoes. At the time the disciple of a Rabbi would be expected to perform menial chores. However shoes, a word perhaps better translated as sandals, were considered unclean, a tradition that persists in the Middle East today. Thus the disciple would not deal with them, and such a task would be left to the lowest slave. Thus John the Baptist is presenting himself as very lowly indeed. Matthew slightly differs from the wording found in Luke and Mark. In those two gospels, John is not worthy of untying the messiah's sandals, in Matthew he is unworthy of carrying them.

John predicts a much stronger form of baptism by the Holy Spirit and by fire. It is from this verse that the expression "baptism by fire" comes. Hill notes for many years scholars felt that linking the Holy Spirit with fire, a symbol of God's wrath, clashed with the portrayal of the Spirit elsewhere in the New Testament, which saw it as a purely loving and helpful force incompatible with a destructive judgement. A number of theories were proposed to address this, some translations dropped the word fire to create a less destructive image. Another option is that Holy Spirit should actually read wind, as the same word can be used for wind and spirit in Greek. This would also link it to the next verse. This all changed with the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls found at Qumran, near where John the Baptist was said to be preaching. In a number of the texts, the Holy Spirit is linked to God's wrath and judgement leading most scholars to include that the wording here is original and that there were different views of the Holy Spirit circulating in the first century. Nolland notes that many scholars have attempted to use this verse as evidence for the Christian baptism ritual, but he does not believe that Jesus' baptism by fire and holy spirit can be so linked.

Whether the more powerful one coming after is a reference to God or Jesus is a matter of debate. After this verse, Jesus immediately enters the narrative, and the corporeal metaphor of carrying his shoes would seem to describe a human figure. On the other hand, this violent imagery contradicts the idea of the Messiah as a bringer of peace. Schnackenburg argues the wording in this passage is deliberately obscure between the two options.

Jerome comments on the Holy Spirit and fire aspect of this passage saying, "Either the Holy Ghost Himself is a fire, as we learn from the Acts, when there sat as it were fire on the tongues of the believers; and thus the word of the Lord was fulfilled who said, I am come to send fire on the earth, I will that it burn. (Luke 12:49.) Or, we are baptized now with the Spirit, hereafter with fire; as the Apostle speaks, Fire shall try every man’s work, of what sort it is. (1 Cor. 3:13.)"

Rabanus Maurus says, "As though he had said, I indeed am mighty to invite to repentance, He to forgive sins; I to preach the kingdom of heaven, He to bestow it; I to baptize with water, He with the Spirit."

Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this verse are:
 * Papyrus 101 (3rd century)
 * Codex Vaticanus (~325–350)
 * Codex Sinaiticus (~330–360)
 * Codex Washingtonianus (~400)
 * Codex Bezae (~400)
 * Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450)

Commentary from the Church Fathers
Glossa Ordinaria: As in the preceding words John had explained more at length what he had shortly preached in the words, Repent ye, so now follows a more full enlargement of the words, The kingdom of heaven is at hand.

Gregory the Great: John baptizes not with the Spirit but with water, because he had no power to forgive sins; he washes the body with water, but not at the same time the soul with pardon of sin.

Chrysostom: For while as yet the sacrifice had not been offered, nor remission of sin sent, nor the Spirit had descended on the water, how could sin be forgiven? But since the Jews never perceived their own sin, and this was the cause of all their evils, John came to bring them to a sense of them by calling them to repentance.

Gregory the Great: Why then does he baptize who could not remit sin, but that he may preserve in all things the office of forerunner? As his birth had preceded Christ's birth, so his baptism should precede the Lord's baptism.

Pseudo-Chrysostom: Or, John was sent to baptize, that to such as came to his baptism he might announce the presence among them of the Lord in the flesh, as himself testifies in another place, That He might be manifested to Israel, therefore am I come to baptise with water. (John 1:31.)

Augustine: Or, he baptizes, because it behoved Christ to be baptized. But if indeed John was sent only to baptize Christ, why was not He alone baptized by John? Because had the Lord alone been baptized by John, there would not have lacked who should insist that John's baptism was greater than Christ's, inasmuch as Christ alone had the merit to be baptized by it.

Rabanus Maurus: Or, by this sign of baptism he separates the penitent from the impenitent, and directs them to the baptism of Christ.

Pseudo-Chrysostom: Because then he baptized on account of Christ, therefore to them who came to him for baptism he preached that Christ should come, signifying the eminence of His power in the words, He who cometh after me is mightier than I.

Saint Remigius: There are five points in which Christ comes after John, His birth, preaching, baptism, death, and descent into hell. A beautiful expression is that, mightier than I, because he is mere man, the other is God and man.

Rabanus Maurus: As though he had said, I indeed am mighty to invite to repentance, He to forgive sins; I to preach the kingdom of heaven, He to bestow it; I to baptize with water, He with the Spirit.

Chrysostom: When you hear for He is mightier than I, do not suppose this to be said by way of comparison, for I am not worthy to be numbered among his servants, that I might undertake the lowest office.

Hilary of Poitiers: Leaving to the Apostles the glory of bearing about the Gospel, to whose beautiful feet was due the carrying the tidings of God's peace.

Pseudo-Chrysostom: Or, by the feet of Christ we may understand Christians, especially the Apostles, and other preachers, among whom was John Baptist; and the shoes are the infirmities with which he loads the preachers. These shoes all Christ's preachers wear; and John also wore them; but declares himself unworthy, that he might show the grace of Christ, and be greater than his deserts.

Jerome: In the other Gospels it is, whose shoe latchet I am not worthy to loose. Here his humility, there his ministry is intended; Christ is the Bridegroom, and John is not worthy to loose the Bridegroom's shoe, that his house be not called according to the Law of Moses and the example of Ruth, The house of him that hath his shoe loosed. (Deut. 25:10.)

Jerome: Either the Holy Ghost Himself is a fire, as we learn from the Acts, when there sat as it were fire on the tongues of the believers; and thus the word of the Lord was fulfilled who said, I am come to send fire on the earth, I will that it burn. (Luke 12:49.) Or, we are baptized now with the Spirit, hereafter with fire; as the Apostle speaks, Fire shall try every man's work, of what sort it ise. (1 Cor. 3:13.)

Chrysostom: He does not say, shall give you the Holy Ghost, but shall baptize you in the Holy Ghost, showing in metaphor the abundance of the grace. fThis further shows, that even under the faith there is need of the will alone for justification, not of labours and toilings; and even as easy a thing as it is to be baptized, even so easy a thing it is to be changed and made better. By fire he signifies the strength of grace which cannot be overcome, and that it may be understood that He makes His own people at once like to the great and old prophets, most of the prophetic visions were by fire.

Hilary of Poitiers: He marks the time of our salvation and judgment in the Lord; those who are baptized in the Holy Ghost it remains that they be consummated by the fire of judgment.

title: Matthew 3:11


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gümbadey

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Rossami (talk) 23:03, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Gümbadey
Seems like utter nonsense. Only one Google hit. Fredrik | talk 21:50, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn Xcali 01:02, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. --W(t) 01:21, 2005 May 29 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, neologism. Megan1967 04:40, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wiktionary if this term actually exists. Martg76 08:14, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 11:39, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Stanley Levison

Stanley David Levison (May 2, 1912 – September 12, 1979) was an American businessman and lawyer who became a lifelong activist in socialist causes. He is best known as an advisor to and close friend of Martin Luther King Jr., for whom he helped write speeches, raise funds, and organize events.

Early life
Levison was born in New York City on May 2, 1912, to a Jewish family. Levison attended the University of Michigan, Columbia University, and the New School for Social Research. He received two law degrees from St. John's University. While serving as treasurer of the American Jewish Congress in Manhattan, he aided in the defense of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. During this period, he worked for a variety of leftist causes.

Civil Rights Movement
Levison was instrumental in all the activities of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), the organization established by Dr. King and other Southern black preachers to further the cause of civil rights. He had initially been introduced to King by Bayard Rustin, a Quaker, in New York City in 1956. Though King had offered to pay Levison in exchange for his help, Levison refused on every occasion, as he believed "the liberation struggle is the most positive and rewarding area of work anyone could experience."

Levison professionalized the fundraising of the organization and took on many of the publicity tasks, in addition to serving as Dr. King's literary agent. He was also a close adviser to Dr. King and a ghostwriter for him. Levison co-wrote with Clarence Benjamin Jones one of the drafts for Dr. King's "I Have a Dream" speech presented at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28 1963. Some of Levison's conversations with Dr. King are reproduced verbatim from FBI wiretaps in Taylor Branch's biography of Dr. King, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-63. Levison himself initiated the end of his public association with Dr. King in 1963, following the revelation to Dr. King's circle that Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and then President John F. Kennedy had pressured Dr. King in person to break with Levison (and Jack O'Dell). But Levison continued to advise Dr. King privately until Dr. King's assassination in April 1968, and afterwards Levison continued to work with Dr. King's wife Coretta Scott King. The Poor People's Campaign in Washington, DC that took place from May 12 to June 24, 1968 was based on Levison's proposal.

Andrew Young stated, "Stan Levison was one of the closest friends Martin King and I ever had. Of all the unknown supporters of the civil rights movement, he was perhaps the most important." Coretta Scott King said, "Stanley Levison was more than one of my husband's most loyal and supportive friends. He was [a] trusted and dedicated adviser, a role he continued to play in support of my work at the Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Social Change."

Surveillance by the FBI
In the early 1950s, the FBI considered Levison to be a major financial coordinator for the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and began to monitor his activities. The FBI had him under the surveillance of Jack and Morris Childs, two former CPUSA members who became FBI informants. According to the FBI, Levison's CPUSA activities ended in 1957. In 1978, one year before his death, Levison asserted "I was not nor am I now a member of the Communist Party."

He was questioned by the FBI twice, on February 9 and March 4, 1960. Two years later, on April 30, 1962, he was called to testify under subpoena at an executive session of the Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security, where he was represented by William Kunstler. Large parts of his testimony are still classified.

Although there was no evidence of Levison having further ties to the CPUSA, the FBI used his earlier communist history to justify wiretaps and bugs on his offices and the offices and hotel rooms of Martin Luther King. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover had long associated the civil rights movement with communism, and he strongly expected that Levison would use or manipulate King to stimulate political unrest within the United States. In 2012, Tim Weiner wrote in his history of the FBI that Hoover believed Levison had "indoctrinated King in Marxist thought and subversive strategies", and that King was "part of Moscow's grand design to subvert the United States of America."

Death
After suffering from cancer and diabetes, Levison died in 1979.

Legacy
Levison's role as advisor and friend to King was portrayed by actor Steven Hill in King, a 1978 television miniseries. He was portrayed by Larry Keith in the 1983 miniseries Kennedy. He is also portrayed by Bruce Nozick in the 2016 television film All the Way. His name is mentioned in the 2011 biographical film J. Edgar.

Levison's role as advisor and friend to King was documented in the 2021 documentary film MLK/FBI, directed by Sam Pollard. The film is based on declassified FBI files and includes archival materials. NPR states, "As MLK/FBI explains, it's King's association with Stanley Levison, a progressive lawyer and businessman with Communist Party ties, that initially caught the attention of Hoover." The New Yorker review states, "Of particular interest to the Bureau was King’s close associate Stanley Levison, who had formerly harbored Communist sympathies and, as a treasurer in the American Jewish Congress, had supported the defense of the Rosenbergs. On the strength of such weak links, Robert Kennedy, the Attorney General, was asked to approve the covert wiretapping of King, whom he openly admired. Kennedy complied."

title: Stanley Levison


text:
Talk:Hereward the Wake

Hereward and Harvard?
I remember reading somewhere that a possible ancestor of Hereward's was John Harvard, the man for whom the university was named. --- It does not seem likelt that Harvard could be the ancestor of someone born 800 years before him.86.13.151.12 19:08, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia. We don’t have to resolve this. If there is currently an argument about the use of the name Wake, then we report that. We also report that the name Wake has been associated with this person for centuries. Lumos3 08:12, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The Wake Family Tree
Just finished it (... at last!). Worth the effort though; hope you agree. Fergananim 01:27, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Have you a reason for not calling Hereward the son of Leofric, for not calling him the husband of Torfrida, for not calling him the father of his daughter, Torfrida and for not saying that it was she who married Hugh of Envermeu (Huges d'Envermeu)? (RJP 11:09, 29 September 2005 (UTC))

1 - Because his relationship with Leofric is far from certain. 2 - Because her actual name is uncertain. 3 - Because Torfrida in this instance looks suspeciously like duplication of her mother's (?) name. In any case (unless I muddled) Emma was the name given as the wife of Hugh de Envermeu. If you have any sources which could help sort this out, by all means jump in; its an era where records are often sparce, and family trees are sometimes later forgerys. Thanks for your interest! Fergananim 17:26, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

While I appreciate the work that has gone into the geneology charts I dont believe they have a place in this article as they are now dominating it. Nowhere is there an explanatory note which says why they are here. I cant think of any other article which includes extensive geneology of someones decendents. I think we should move them to axillary pages linked from the article. Or even delete them. Perhaps The Autingas link ( whatever that is ) should hold them. Lumos3 00:07, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I've just converted both trees to the familytree template. Because of disagreements with other sources, I've suppressed his ancestral tree, and for compactness' sake (and relevancy) I've trimmed his descendants.  Hopefully this will avoid the "domination" mentioned above.  Fergananim, I've left your original work intact (just commented out), but I think some serious work needs to be done to these trees, both on the genealogy and on integrating them more usefully into the article. —Ryan McDaniel 21:57, 28 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I removed the tree altogether - its not properly sources and doesn't really add anything to the article. Spartaz Humbug! 06:55, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

Read with an open mind, what the Gesta Herwardi says on the subject. (RJPe (talk) 08:58, 17 July 2009 (UTC))

Etymology of 'Hereward'
It doesn't really make sense to say 'Hereward' is a Danish name and then follow with the statement that it means 'guardian of the herds' in Anglo-Saxon, so I've changed that. 'Hereward' is in fact an Anglo-Saxon name, just like 'Edward', but it is cognate with Old High German 'Heri-wart' and modern German 'Herward', which mean 'der im Heer (oder: das Heer) Schützende', according to the official German etymology of names given by Prof. Dr. Müller-Freienfels. I've also slightly edited the part about Hereward asserting 'an Anglo-Danish vision' of the future, as this seems to rest in part upon the questionable etymological assertion I have alluded to. Rosenkreutzer 22:16, 15 July 2007 (CET)

Pdgen (talk) 21:27, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

I agree with the author that the "Danish connection" doesn't seem to fit. And it stands to reason to consider Hereward to be an Anglo-Saxon name. And in that respect I want to suggest a slightly different etymological route that seems even more.. logical than the High German one. The old language that connects England to the Anglo-Saxon mainland would be Old Low German rather than High.

There's no problem with the first part of the name, and I give all varieties meaning army: "here, heri, hare, he(y)r.." it's all same old same old. The second part is another story. When you consult High German, you'll end up in a watchtower with a "Wart", meaning any kind of "watchman". When you consult low German, you'll end up in a swamp, i.e. exactly were Hereward himself was found. The "old english" ward is closely related to the modern Dutch word "waard", meaning low lying land (related meanings: island, beach, rivershore et c.). In Middle Dutch (closely related to Middle Low German) you have "werde, we(e)rt, wa(e)rt" meaning the same: low marshy land. Middle Low German has "werder" meaning island. Old High German itself has "warid, werid" meaning island. And, finally in Old English (Old Anglo-Frisian) you have "werod, warod" (with that peculiar "d" more like a "th") meaning beach, shore or bank.

Ergo: via the Low West German language family, call it the "North-Sea Germans" or Ingvaeonians, you get an alternative etymology that suits the entire picture perhaps a little better (wetlands), because now the name Here-ward, stemming from "Heriwarda", means: army + island (or low lying land, surrounded by water). And suddenly you're at the marshes with the Old Anglo-Saxon hero. Now the name precisely means what he did and what the whole tale is all about (hiding in the marshes/island with his army).

N.b.: the oldest mentioning of the name "Heriwarda" I could find, was one that dates all the way back to emperor Otto III who mentions this particular village in the Low Lands (todays Netherlands: Heerewaarden) in an official document from 997 AD.

My 2 cts.

 * It means "army watchman" or "army guardian".

 * The "Here" is pronounced the same as the modern German "Heer". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.150.18.228 (talk) 17:55, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

Reversion
Upon reflection, in view of the research tag, someone is going to be offended. I have reverted my contributions. I shall complete the article and place it on my own site with a link from the Wikipedia article. (RJPe (talk) 10:40, 12 February 2008 (UTC))

As a very shadowy figure Hereward is not the easiest of people to write an article about, but this is definitely a poor article, compared to Wikipedia biographies of other figures of comparable historical importance. The phrase "it is said" or the like occurs several places in the article. Are we dealing with contemporary accounts, later legend, and if so how much later from where? What is the Geste Hereward referred to a few times? PatGallacher (talk) 00:51, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

There is a Wikipedia article on the Gesta Herwardi and its text can be found on an external site. See a less dismissive approach to the Gesta Herwardi's account of his parentage, than that of the article. (RJPe (talk) 08:58, 17 July 2009 (UTC))

Edmund King's "The Origins of the Wake Family
Does anyone can provide Edmund King's "The Origins of the Wake Family: the early history of the barony of Bourne in Lincolnshire." (Northamptonshire Past and Present; 5 (1973–7), pp. 166–76) who is cited in the article ? It would be of much help in writing an article on the norman Wake family. Regards, PurpleHz (talk) 19:00, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

Hancock's Half Hour.
I cannot agree with the other comments. This seems to be a reasonable summary of the known details of a vaguely known character. If I've interpreted these details correctly, Hereward was the last active Resistance to the reign of William 1st.

I seem to recall that in the referenced episode of Hancock's Half Hour, Sid James wrote phony Lord Byron poems on the walls to try and get the house renovated. I cannot recall a mention of Hereward.AT Kunene (talk) 09:28, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Hereward is mentioned in passing, but I can't see that it's notable. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.114.90.248 (talk) 21:05, 11 March 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hereward the Wake


text:
Portal:Ukraine/Intro

Ukraine (Україна, ) is a country in Central and Eastern Europe. Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after the Russian Federation.

From at least the ninth century, the territory of Ukraine was a centre of medieval East Slavic civilization that formed the state that became known as Kievan Rus' and for the following several centuries the territory was divided between a number of regional powers. After a brief period of independence (1917-1921) following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Ukraine became one of the founding Soviet Republics in 1922. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic's territory was enlarged westward after the Second World War and finally in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. Ukraine became independent again when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.

Ukraine is a unitary state composed of 27 regions: 24 oblasts (provinces), one autonomous republic (Crimea), and two cities with special status: Kiev, its capital and largest city, and Sevastopol, which, along with Crimea, is disputed between Ukraine and Russia. Ukraine is a republic under a semi-presidential system with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ukraine continues to maintain the second largest military in Europe, after that of Russia. The country is home to 46 million people, 77.8 percent of whom are ethnic Ukrainians, with sizable minorities of Russians (17%), Belarusians and Romanians. The Ukrainian language is the official language in Ukraine. Russian is also widely spoken. The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodox Christianity, which has heavily influenced Ukrainian architecture, literature and music.

More about Ukraine…

title: Portal:Ukraine/Intro


text:
Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz

Karl Ludwig Freiherr von Pöllnitz (25 February 1692 – 23 June 1775) was a German adventurer and writer from Issum.

Life

His father, Wilhelm Ludwig Freiherr von Pöllnitz (d. 1693), was in the military service of the elector of Brandenburg, and much of his son's youth was passed at the electoral court in Berlin. He was a man of restless and adventurous disposition, unscrupulous even for the age in which he lived, visited many of the European courts, and served as a soldier in Austria, Italy and Spain.

Returning to Berlin in 1735, he obtained a position in the household of King Frederick William I of Prussia and afterwards in that of Frederick the Great, with whom he appears to have been a great favorite; and he died in Berlin on June 23, 1775.

Pöllnitz's Mémoires (Liège, 1734), which were translated into German (Frankfurt, 1735), give interesting glimpses of his life and the people whom he met, but they are very untrustworthy. He also wrote Nouveaux mémoires (Amsterdam, 1737); Etat abrégé de la cour de Saxe sous le règne d'Auguste III. (Frankfurt, 1734; Ger. trans., Breslau, 1736); and Mémoires pour servir a l'histoire des quatres derniers souverains de la maison de Branderibourg, published by F. L. Brunn (Berlin, 1791; Ger. trans., Berlin, 1791).

Perhaps his most popular works are La Saxe galante (Amsterdam, 1734, English translation 1929), an account of the private life of Augustus the Strong, elector of Saxony and king of Poland; and Histoire secrete de la duchesse d'Hanovre, épouse de Georges I (London, 1732). There is an English translation of the Mémoires (London, 1737-1738). See P. von Pöllnitz, Stammtafeln der Familie von Pöllnitz (Berlin, 1894); and J. G. Droysen, Geschichte der preussischen Politik, pt. iv. (Leipzig, 1870).

title: Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz


text:
Roman Elegies

The Roman Elegies (originally published under the title Erotica Romana in Germany, later Römische Elegien) is a cycle of twenty-four poems by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

They reflect Goethe's Italian Journey from 1786 to 1788 and celebrate the sensuality and vigour of Italian and Classical culture. Written mainly after his return to Weimar, they contain poems on many sexual themes, and four of them were suppressed from publication during Goethe's lifetime due to fears of censorship; they were only published in 1914, together with a large body of the , written during his second, shorter travel to Italy in 1790. The elegies are also a loving tribute to Goethe's companion, Christiane Vulpius, whom he met in 1788 on his return from Italy.

title: Roman Elegies


text:
Ferris Fain

Ferris Roy Fain (March 29, 1921 – October 18, 2001) was an American professional baseball player. He played as a first baseman in Major League Baseball from 1947 to 1955. A five-time All-Star, Fain won two American League batting championships and his career on-base percentage of .424 ranks 13th highest in Major League Baseball history.

Fain played nine seasons with the Philadelphia Athletics, Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers and Cleveland Indians in the American League. Known as one of the Athletics' last stars before moving to Kansas City, he had an explosive temper on and off the field. Eventually it affected his playing ability, and the Athletics traded him after the 1952 season. In his later life, Fain made headlines for his troubles with the law, mainly growing marijuana.

Early life
Fain was born in San Antonio, Texas, the son of Oscar Fain, a jockey best known for leading his horse Duval to a second-place finish in the 1912 Kentucky Derby, and a domestic maid. He had a "very abusive" childhood, mainly at the hands of the father, who died when he was still a child. His mother did domestic work in order for the family to survive. He grew up in Oakland, California, where he graduated from Roosevelt High School as student body president. He joined the San Francisco Seals of the Pacific Coast League during his senior year of high school, when Seals manager Lefty O'Doul offered to pay $200 a month "under the table", as Fain's amateur status made him ineligible to join the team. He spent 1939–1942 and 1946 with the Seals, where he led the league in runs batted in (RBIs) in 1941. He missed three seasons, 1943–45, due to military service, during which he played baseball for the Army.

Career
Connie Mack paid the Seals $6,500 for Fain's services in order for Fain to play for the Athletics in 1947. Playing a full schedule, the left-handed hitter had 461 at bats in his rookie season. That year, he batted .291 with seven home runs and 71 RBIs in 136 games. In the 1948 season, Fain played in 145 games, with an .288 batting average, seven home runs, and what would be a career high 88 runs batted in. Fain was a member of the 1949 Philadelphia Athletics team that set a major league team record by turning 217 double plays, a record which still stood as of 2016; Fain himself took part in 194 double plays as a first baseman. In 1950 Fain played in a career high 150 games, batting .282 with 10 home runs and 83 RBI as he was named to his first All-Star team.

Fain broke through during the 1951 season, leading the American League with a .344 batting average. He also hit six homers and 57 RBIs, although a broken foot limited him to 425 at-bats. That year he finished sixth in the Most Valuable Player Award voting as Yogi Berra won the award. During the 1952 season, Fain again led the American League with a .324 batting average, despite breaking his hand in a bar fight and hiding the injury from his manager Jimmie Dykes near the end of the season. He also led the league in doubles (43), and on-base percentage and third in hits as he finished sixth in the Most Valuable Player award behind winner and A's teammate Bobby Shantz. However, Fain was known for a hot temper in the field, along with a drinking problem, which caused tension with the team. After the 1952 season, the Athletics traded Fain to the Chicago White Sox for fellow first baseman Eddie Robinson and infielders Ed McGhee and Joe DeMaestri. After the trade, White Sox general manager Frank Lane proclaimed with his acquisition of Fain, the White Sox had the "finest defensive infield in baseball". The New York Yankees were also interested in Fain, but a deal couldn't get completed.

According to former teammate Eddie Joost, Fain "had a lifestyle of his own and would do exactly what he wanted to do. There were many things the players didn't like about him. Occasionally he'd overdrink and wouldn't be attentive on the field." Fain had an off-year in 1953 after getting into a brawl in a Maryland café with several White Sox fans. He was fined $600 by the White Sox, then sued for $50,000. In the 1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Fain scored the only run for the American League in the ninth inning of a 5–1 loss. After suffering a knee injury the following year, Fain never really got back on track. But on June 16, 1954, he hit an inside-the-park grand slam. He participated in his last All-Star Game as a starter alongside his White Sox infield teammates Nellie Fox, George Kell and Chico Carrasquel. It made the 1954 White Sox the first team ever to have four infield starters from the same team starting the All-Star Game. In 1955, he played for the Detroit Tigers and Cleveland Indians. He batted .260 with two home runs and 31 RBIs; however he was hobbled by knee issues and retired after the season.

Fain finished with an on-base percentage of over .400 every full year that he played, and was in the top 10 in that category seven times in his career; he ranked in the top 10 in walks eight times.

In a nine-season career, he hit .290 with 48 home runs, 570 RBIs, and 1139 career hits in 3930 at bats. He also had 213 career doubles and a career .424 on-base percentage (13th best all-time). Not least of all, Fain was regarded by some as the best fielding first baseman in the majors until Vic Power assumed Fain's old position for the A's. Future Hall of Famer Joe Gordon stated that Fain was the greatest fielding first baseman he ever saw.

Later life
Fain became a custom home builder in Georgetown, California, in the 1970s. In 1985 the Placerville, California, police department raided his home where they found several marijuana plants in his possession. He was charged with growing marijuana and sentenced to five years probation. In 1988, the police conducted another raid at his home, where he was found growing another 400 plants of marijuana in a barn used as a grow house. Fain was charged with possession to sale marijuana and was held without bail. He was sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment. In a 1994 interview with The Sacramento Bee, Fain discussed his legal issues, stating that he "knew how to grow the stuff. I was as adept at it as I was in playing baseball", and that he was trying to make a living out of it. He led a mostly reclusive lifestyle with his second wife in his final years, with only the occasional interview.

Fain died October 18, 2001, at the age of 80, in Georgetown, California from complications from leukemia and diabetes.

title: Ferris Fain


text: Category:Towers in Switzerland

title: Category:Towers in Switzerland


text: Category:Buildings and structures in Switzerland