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Talk:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia

untenable heading
The present heading of this article, Grand Duke George of Russia, is an obvious POV. For example, the titulary Grand Duke is against all approved usage here in Wikipedia. 217.140.193.123 1 July 2005 07:01 (UTC)

I'm going to move this to George Mikhailovitch of Russia as long as there are no protests. Morhange 20:44, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

"of Russia" can yet be seen as POV. Is it, or is it not? Does it represent an endorsement of pretension, or is it simply the "surname" that is in widely accepted use regarding specifically this guy? 217.140.193.123 06:29, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

don't move. — Nightst a  llion  (?) 20:34, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Requested move
George Mikhailovitch of Russia → Prince Georg Michael of Prussia – Moving this is probably less "controversial" because his legal title is HRH Prince Georg Michael of Prussia (or Prince Georg of Prussia) since he only claims the title of Grand Duke through his mother, but since his mother wasn't a monarch in her own right, he would probably be titled Prince Georg of Prussia. His claim to the defunct Russian throne is contested anyway, since he's not a male-line grandchild. It could be mentioned in the article that he is a claimant and claims the titles of Tsesarevitch and Grand Duke of Russia. Morhange 02:35, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Oppose Read the laws of the Russian Imperial House and pay very close attention to each would-be emperor after Nicholas II. Charles 19:50, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose We shouldn't be throwing titles to nonexistent monarchies into Wikipedia article names. Gene Nygaard 15:28, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose Prussia is no more a monarchy than Russia so his legal title is not "HRH Prince Georg Michael of Prussia." German civil law allows descendants of former royal and noble families to use the titles their ancestors had in 1918 as a last name. The styles, such as HRH, are not legally recognized and the title goes at the end of the name like any other surname (John, Prince of X, not Prince John of X).  Since his father was legally named Franz Wilhelm Prinz von Prussen, George's legal name in Germany might be Georg Prinz von Prussen. Keep in mind, however, that George was born in Madrid, Spain so his father's legal German name might not have entered the picture with the Spanish authorities (I have no idea what George's birth certificate says). I presume that this proposed move is well-meant, but it will look like a POV attempt to disparage his Russian claims. In any case, why move him from being a member of one long defunct Royal Family to another.  The real question is should the article title imply that he is Royal (or Imperial) in the first place by describing him as "of Russia" or "of Prussia."  He is the great-grandson of a man Grand Duke Cyril of Russia who was legally "Imperial" until February 1917. He is also the grandson of a man, HRH Prince Franz Josef of Prussia, who was legally royal until November 1918. In both cases, you need to go back two more generations to find an actual reigning monarch.  How long should royal status be accepted after the monarchy is gone. Is "of Russia" really his last name?  Apparently in Europe (including Russia, Germany, and Spain) it is much harder to change your last name than it is in Common Law countries (UK, USA, Canada, etc.) Presumably, George has a legal last name.  Find out what it is and move the article there. (Unless it turns out to be "of Russia" in which case leave it alone.)--ThomasK107 09:11, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments'

The right question here is: The text of the article indicates that he is known as Grand Duke. If this is true, it should stay where it is. Septentrionalis 04:30, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * By which of these claims to dormant titles is he actually known?
 * He is indeed known as Grand Duke. He also is a prince of Prussia, but that title is not used in lieu of his imperial title. Morhange, here is a good link to a website by a qualified royal historian... http://www.chivalricorders.org/royalty/gotha/russhist.htm . George takes his title as an agnate of a would-be empress. Charles 04:47, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * The only thing is, though, that if Russian were still a monarchy, Maria wouldn't be Empress because she is a female, and George would have no claim to the throne as a female-line descendant. Morhange 22:32, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * The Russian imperial throne was bound by semi-salic succession laws. Females succeed after the last male dynast. The last male dynast was Maria's father. The next in line was Maria, and once she succeeded as head of the imperial house then her son entered the line of succession. Charles 23:54, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I interpreted that to mean the last male dynast in the line of succession, including those in generations once or twice removed, etc. If it were going by that one generation, then wouldn't the descendants of Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna be the current claimants? Morhange 22:12, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The last male dynast was Grand Duke Vladimir. Since there was no male dynast to succeed him, the closest female dynast, who would otherwise succeed if she were male, became the titular empress. That, of course, is Maria Vladimirovna. Charles 00:12, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The arguement that Grand Duke Vladimir was the last dynast is itself challenged by the Romanov Family Association which argues that Vladimir could no longer be considered a dyanst once he married Princess Leonida Bagration-Mukhranski as she was from a high noble family of the Russian Empire and not an equal. Thus Maria would not be next in line.  People who support Vladimir argue that Grand Duchess Leonida's Bagration-Mukhranski family were decended from the Bagration royal family of Georgia.  The fact that the elder line of the Bagration family still exists within Georgia, and the fact that the Bagration-Mukhranski's accepted noble status in Russia after the conquest of Georgia does not disuade them.  If Vladimir's marriage is to be considered morganatic, then neither Maria Vladimirovna nor her son George can claim the title of Grand Duke, and the next in line would indeed be a decendant of Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna, daughter of Alexander III.  The Romanov Family Association refers to Maria as Princess Maria Vladimirovna Romanova (or sometimes Princess Romanov-Mukhranski).  They refer to her son as Prince George Michael von Hohenzollern, a Prince of Prussia and the Germans.  It is also to be remembered that the Romanovs bore a deep grudge against Vladimir's father, Grand Duke Cyril, for having been the only member of the family to embrace the revolution and fly a red flag over his St. Petersburg palace, as well as leading a contingent of revolutionary soldiers to go pledge their allegience to the Duma and against Czar Nicholas II. Sendek
 * What exactly is a "qualified royal historian." I have a great deal of respect for Guy Stair Sainty and often read his website. The amount of work he put into studying his subjects is very impressive.  Nevertheless, I take issue with calling him a "qualified royal historian."  Guy Stair Sainty is an art dealer (a very good and successful one) who has written a large website about royalty, nobility, and orders.  He also posts frequently on websites.  If that makes him a "qualified royal historian" there are thousands who are equally qualified.  I would certainly say that he is better than most and would give due weight to his thoughts, but I would not consider him especially "qualified." He does not have an advanced degree in history, and has never passed a qualification exam in "royal" or any other type of history. He has written several articles and a few books but none of them were subjected to rigorous academic review such as those produced by professional academics. He recently edited a book for Burke's on Orders of Chilvary but it has yet to be published and he basically selectd himself for the job and convinced Burke's to publish it.  In any case, Burke's is not Cambridge University Press (i.e. it is not a publisher known for subjecting its authors to any sort of "quality control.") Perhaps the worst thing about Guy Stair Sainty is that he has no "academic detachment."  He is deeply involved with several of the Royal Families and Orders that he rights about.  If he was a politician, you might say that he has a conflict of interest.  That does not mean that he is always wrong, but it does raise legitimate questions about whether his personal interests might impact his conclusions.  To be specific, Sainty is a member, leader, and strong advocate of the Constantinian Order of St. George controlled by HRH Infante Don Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies "Duke of Calabria" (the "Spanish Claimant") who disputes the headship of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies with his cousin, HRH Don Francisco "Duke of Castro" (The "French/Italian Claimant"). (Confusing, Francisco's son is named Carlo and he also uses the title Duke of Calabria.)  The dispute turns on whether the grandfather of Sainty's Spanish Claimant, Don Carlos, Duke of Calabria, legally renounced his rights to the Two-Sicilies throne.  Further, the Spanish Claimant, Don Carlos, has a son, Pedro (called Duke of Noto) who married a non-Royal member of a Spanish noble family who was already the mother of his child born out of wedlock.  Originally, it was thought that Pedro, Duke of Noto's marriage removed him from the line of succession since his wife was not Royal, which would strengthen the hand of the French/Italian claimant who is next in line.  It would also undermine one of the complaints against the French/Italian claimant based on his own and his son's non-Royal marriages.  Now, the Spanish Claimant is moving toward the position that since he approved of Pedro, Duke of Noto's marriage, it is acceptable and his children can eventually inherit.  At the same time, the Spanish Claimant could assert that the marriage of the French/Italian Claimant's son was not approved so he would still be out of contention.  The point being that Sainty's friend is helped by the argument that the senior line takes precedence over the junior lines except under very exceptional circumstances and that any potentially unlawful marriages can be dealt with it the Head of the House approves.  Sainty would have a reason to support Grand Duchess Maria's claims because doing so could help the similar claims of his friend, the Spanish Claimant.  That does not make everything Saint writes wrong.  It may be perfectly correct. It does, however, undermine his status as an impartial expert.  At the most, Sainty should be viewed as a person who puts forward the case for Grand Duchess Maria.  Only someone who has tested academic credentials as a historian, an expertise in Russian Royal History acknowledged by recognized experts, and a clearly documented knowledge of Imperial Russian law could count as a "qualfied" expert of the subject of the Russian succession.  Unfortunately, the issue is of so little relevance to the real world that very few people examine it unless they are motivated to "prove" the claims of one side or the other.  I cannot imagine that anyone would take to the subject with the passion and determination of Guy Stair Sainty. --ThomasK107 08:12, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I am not sure why he would be called George Michael or Georg Michael in any case. The "Mikhailovitch" in his Russian name comes from the fact that his father adopted the name Grand Duke Michael of Russia.  Mikhailovitch means "son of Michael." Multiple names do not appear to be a Russian tradition, so he probably only has one first name. In Germany, he would likely be Georg Prinz von Prussen rather than Georg Michael. --ThomasK107 09:11, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

 * If the plan is to use his legal German name, it should be written in German since we do not translate last names. In other words, he would be "Prinz von Prussen" not "Prince of Prussia." --ThomasK107 09:11, 5 March 2006 (UTC)
 * His legal German surname would be Großfürst von Rußland or Romanov, certainly not Hohenzollern or Prinz von Preußen. You talk about taking away titles he has inherited through his mother and applying equally defunct Prussian titles to him. The practice with pretenders is to accord them the titles and styles by which they are known and use. Nicholas only uses the title of Prince. Read the Russian laws of succession. Charles 17:55, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think there is a case for moving several of the articles on Romanov's born after the Revolution so that the article titles no longer imply that they are reigning royalty. This would be particulary valuable in the Romanov case since supporters of one side in the disputed succession routinely insist that the others be denied any indications of titles. NPOV would be to remove indications of Imperial status from all Romanovs born after 1917 or to call all of them by whatever title they use for themselves. Calling Grand Duchess Maria, her son, and father, "of Russia" while insisting that there rival be called "Romanov" or "Romanovsky" or some variation (regardless of what the person calls himself or herself) seems to be a determination that Grand Duchess Maria is right and everyone else wrong.  Personally, I do not have a problem if the subject of this article, George Mikahilovitch, wants to identify with his mother's family.  I would, however, rather see George Mikhailovitch Romanov than George Mikhailovitch of Russia.  Since George was born and primarily lives in Spain, and current Spanish law apparently allows people to use either their father or their mother's last name, there is not a real problem here.  It would, as noted above, probably be best to try and determine his legal name and use that.  Unlike British, Canadian, American, Australian, and other citizens of Common Law countries where we can change our names very easily (unless their is evidence of fradulent intent), it appears that people in Spain, Germany, and Russia are subject to much greater restrictions.  If George has a legal name on his passports, identity documents, etc., and we can learn it, why not use that.  (By the way, in some countries it is possible to obtain such information from official records.  I do not know the law in Spain, but it might be possible to just ask the authorities in Madrid for a copy of George's birth certificate. That would be a big deal in the USA, but apparently not everywhere. I know that people were able to legal obtain a copy of the Belgian birth certificate for Michael Lafosse AKA Prince Michael of Albany.)  It might also be possible to simply ask Grand Duchess Maria's secretary for the information.  The Grand Duchess has a website and an office in Spain. --ThomasK107 09:11, 5 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia treats pretenders as they wish to be titlesd. Michael Lafosse was a pure fake. George's descent and connections to royalty are undeniable. Charles 17:55, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Michael Andreyevich Romanov
It simply needs to be made clear that his claim is challenged. This article is in place to inform people of his position, which is disputed. We, the writers and editors of this encyclopedia, are not those who make the decisions about whether or not he is the legitimate heir. The fact is that it can be argued either way, and that should be stated in the article in some way, which it currently is not. The current article has no clear idea - some sentences support his claim and some deride it, resulting in a very confused paragraph that makes no sense. That is what needs to be addressed, not whether or not he is technically the heir. --Kleio08 19:49, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

The article states that Michael Andreyevich Romanov would be an heir to the Russian Throne with a better claim that Nicholas Romanov and implies that he could make a serious challenge to George Mikhailovitch. Why? How? There is no article on Michael Andreyevich Romanov. There no information about who he is. There no indication of why he would have any claim. Either some additional information should be included, an article created, or the reference removed.

--ThomasK107 07:33, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I will remove it. Nicholas has no claim to the Russian throne at all. Reading the house laws, it is clear that George is the heir. Charles 17:45, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Since you haven't read them Charles this is strictly POV. Tim Foxworth 17:48, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Charles, "Reading the house laws" it is clear to you that George is the heir and "Nicholas has no claim." It is not clear to everyone.  That is the entire point.  There is no one who can state clearly who should be the heir.  NPOV and no original research mean that Wikipedia is not the place to settle this dispute.  When you state that based on your reading of the house law, George is the heir, you are conducting original research.  We need to limit ourselves to making a neutral presentation of each side in the dispute.

 * Before someone accuses me of being anti-Maria or pro-someone else, let me state that I am a republican. As far as I am concerned, the only person who can have any legal right to the Russian throne is a person chosen under a constitution freely approved by the Russian people.  Under the current situation, that means that I do not support Grand Duchess Maria, Prince Nicholas, Michael Andreyevich Romanov (whoever he is), or anyone else. None of them are heirs, none of them have any rights.

 * My interest in this matter is simply preventing people from using wikipedia to support or denigrate people. Use titles for all pretenders or use titles for none of them, but be consistent.

 * Personally, I strongly favor the idea of describing people in the way they wish to be described, provided we are not advancing an obvious fraud. The problem is that someone then pops up and declares "Nicholas Romanov," or some other member of the family, is not a Romanov and should be called Romanovsky, or some such thing.  Look through the history of the various pages on these people.  As you wrote above about Michael LaFosse, there is a clear difference between someone who is undoubtedly descended from former Royal Families and someone who makes what is, at best, a highly debatable claim.  Going beyond that and adjudicating which descendants have the best claim is outside wikipedia's purpose.

 * Charles, you are the one who keeps writing that you have read the house laws and that Grand Duke George is clearly the heir. I do not care who is the "real" heir.  My goal is that the issues are fairly presented from all sides.  Although you are convinced that Grand Duchess Maria and her son are right, others are not.  If you review records from the closing years of the Russian monarchy, even some officials of the Imperial government had concerns about whether Grand Duke Cyrill was in line for the throne because his mother did not convert to Russian Orthodoxy.  I am not saying that such views are correct, or even that I would agree with them.  They cannot, however, be dismissed out of hand.

 * Similarly, I think that a case could be made (NOTE: "could be made" not "should be," or "must be" just a possibility) that Grand Duchess Maria's mother was not of equal rank and thus that Maria's parents had a morganatic marriage. Again, I am not arguing in favor of that position, just stating that it needs to be considered.  It is clearly debatable whether the reigning Tsars in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries regarded the Bagrations of Georgia as their equals.  Would Tsar Alexander II, for instance, have consented to the marriage of one of his sons with a Bagration?  Frankly, I suspect the answer would be no.  That does not mean that he would be correct or that Grand Duchess Maria should be deemed the child of a morganatic marriage.  The case for regarding the Bagration of Georgia as a royal family of equal or superior status to the Romanovs is good.  My point is that the issues are not as absolutely clear as you suggest with your constant repetition of the fact that you have read the house laws.

 * In the Nicholas Romanov article, I tried to explain the arguments for Nicholas Romanov being the senior male. (I have not checked that they are still there today.)  My point was not that I personally believe in those arguments.  Frankly, I think they border on absurdity.  The basic point, in case it was already removed, is that Nicholas has, in the past, claimed that his father, as a prince, could contract an unequal marriage under the house laws because the requirement for equal marriages only applied to grand dukes. Thus, Grand Duke Dimitri's son, Paul Ilyinsky, was not in line because Dimitri was a grand duke who married unequally.  Similarly, Maria's parent's marriage was morganatic, under this argument, because her father was a grand duke who married unequally. The basis for this claim is a decree of Nicholas II concerning the marriages of Grand Dukes and Princes which permitted princes to make unequal marriages.  Prince Nicholas argued that this decree permitted princes to marry anyone without the marriage being morganatic.  Personally, I think he is wrong.  I think that the point of the decree was to impose an absolute bar on Grand Dukes marrying unequally (i.e. the marriage of a Grand Duke with an uneqal wife would be void) while allowing Princes to make such marriages provided they were morganatic.  In other words, this decree did not give a new right to princes (marriage to anyone without consequences) but removed a the right of Grand Dukes to make morganatic. marriage.  Nevertheless, while I think that Nicholas interpretation is wrong (it not absurd), I do think there is a case for presenting it instead of saying (as the article said before I changed it) that "it is difficult to see" how Nicholas could be the senior heir.  Further, while I do not agree with the argument, I do not feel that it is meritless.  Stranger arguments have succeeded.  (Again, I am talking about the article on Nicholas Romanov not Grand Duke George.)
 * --ThomasK107 20:52, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Prince of Prussia Comment Explained
Discussion from Debate on Move above

I wrote:
 * If the plan is to use his legal German name, it should be written in German since we do not translate last names. In other words, he would be "Prinz von Preußen" not "Prince of Prussia." --ThomasK107 09:11, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Charles responded:
 * His legal German surname would be Großfürst von Rußland or Romanov, certainly not Hohenzollern or Prinz von Preußen. You talk about taking away titles he has inherited through his mother and applying equally defunct Prussian titles to him. The practice with pretenders is to accord them the titles and styles by which they are known and use. Nicholas only uses the title of Prince. Read the Russian laws of succession. Charles 17:55, 5 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, Charles, since you keep suggesting that people read things, you might try reading all of what I wrote in the discussion on the move. Let us begin with the comment in question which begins with "If." Expanding to the full clause "If the plan is to use his legal German name."  I did not suggest using his legal German name; I made a comment on what should be done "If" that was the plan. (A plan I opposed.)
 * I did not advocate calling Grand Duke George "Prince of Prussia." I was merely pointing out that, "If" that course of action (which I opposed) were adopted, then this legal German last name would not be "Prince of Prussia" but "Prinz von Preußen." I was pointing out the flaw in the proposed move, not advocating anything.  Your inability to see that makes me wonder about your frequently mentioned reading of the Russian Succession Laws. (By the way, I have read them several times.)
 * I did not "talk about taking away titles." I opposed moving the page to "Prince George Michael of Prussia."  I merely tried to point out a flaw in the reasoning of the person who proposed the move.
 * I myself made the point above that any Prussian title was equally as defunct as a Russian title. Again, I was pointing out the flaw in the original argument, not making a new argument or supporting the flawed one.
 * The point I was making was that, "if the plan is to use his legal German name" (a plan I opposed) than it should be written in German not translated into English. The person who proposed the move suggested that George's legal name was Prince Georg Michael of Prussia and that the article should use that name.  If you read the discussion above, you will see that I actually questioned whether that was, in fact his legal name.  Further, if it is his legal name in Germany, it is so under German law, which converted former titles into last names.  Accordingly, the former title would all be at the end of the name so he would be "George Prince of Prussia" not "Prince George of Prussia."  Secondly, as a German last name it would be written in German as "Prinz von Preußen" not "Prince of Prussia."
 * This has nothing whatsoever to do with the Russian Laws of Succession. The issue concerns George's legal name under modern German Civil Law.  Take your own advice and read up on the subject.  You will find that legally, a child of a person with the last name "Prinz von Preußen" has that same last name regardless of whether the child would have any right to the Prussian Crown under the Prussian succession laws.  For that matter, if Nicholas Romanov had been born in Germany (he wasn't) and his father's legal German last name had been "Prinz von Rußland" than Nicholas legal German last name would be "Prinz von Rußland" regardless of what the Russian Laws of Succession provide.  (Again, that was merely a hypothetical situation, I am not making any point about Nicholas' legal rights.) We are talking about legal last names in a Republic (Germany), not the rules of a defunct monarchy. The proposed move was based on a idea about George's legally recognized last name under German law (an idea we both believe to be mistaken). German Civil Law is not bound to follow Russian Succession law.
 * In the previous discussion on the move, I questioned whether George would, in fact, have the legal last name "Prinz von Preußen." His father was born with the name Franz Wilhelm Prinz von Preußen in Germany.  Grand Duke George, however, was born in Madrid, Spain not in Germany.  At the time of his son's birth, Franz Wilhelm was using the name Grand Duke Mikhail of Russia.  Accordingly, I do not know what Franz Wilhelm's legal last name was at the time of his son's birth or what Spanish laws say about the last names given to newborns.
 * I made the point above, that in Spain people have both their father and mother's last names. Traditionally, the father's last name came first followed by the mother's with the Spanish word "y" (meaning "and") separating the two.  I understand that it is now possible to reverse the order of the two names.  Accordingly, even if Grand Duke George was born, in Spain, with the last name  Prinz von Preußen derived from his father, he also had the legal last name of his mother (presumably Romanov, "of Russia," "Grand Duchess of Russia" or some variation).  As a result, in Spain, he could legally reverse the order of the names and use his mother's last name.
 * Again, despite the above, the immediate comment was not about Spain but about Germany. I did not suggest that Grand Duke George was a German citizen, had a legal German name, or that his legal name in Germany was "Prinz von Preußen."  The person who suggested the move did those things and I opposed them.
 * Charles you suggest that "His legal German surname would be Großfürst von Rußland or Romanov." On what basis do you make that claim?  Hopefully, it is not because of the Russian Laws of Succession, because I can assure you of one thing, the Federal Republic of Germany could not care less about George's status under the defunct laws of the defunct Russian Empire.
 * Finally, again, my point was not that "if" George had a legal German last name, and, "if" on that basis wikipedia was to list him under his legal German name, than that name would be in German "Prinz von Preußen" not English "Prince of Prussia." I would appreciate not being attacked on the basis of taking one note out of context.--ThomasK107 21:46, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Vladimir was emperor de jure at the time of his marriage to Leonida Bagration and as such, had every right to approve and recognize his own marriage. Previous emperors toyed with recognizing various marriages for various reasons. Members of former royal families are mostly listed under titles, not surnames. Therefore the language issue is null. Even so in Germany, a child may take his mother's surname and a husband may take his wife's. Given the choice, it is almost certain that Maria would opt to give her son an imperial name rather than a royal name. That is where the Romanov/Großfürst von Rußland comment came from. The republic need not care, the parents name the child. Given Franz and Maria's own usage of Russian imperial titles, why would they give him the name Prinz von Preußen? That is all I have to say on the matter for now. I will read more carefully from now on. Charles 01:44, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Wonderful. Wonderful. We have a royalist and pro-pretension pov guy above. I checked something about spanish name formation. According to those rules, the boy would be Jorge de Prusia y de Rusia. Henq 02:04, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, that would be Spanish usage, just as the children of the King of Spain are de Borbón y de Grecia. That aside, George is most known in English by his Russian dynastic titles and with his patronym. Charles 02:08, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

tsarevich or tsesarevich
I know very little about the Russian monarchy, but I heard that the title "tsesarevich" was used in recent times rather than "tsarevich". Should this be replaced in the article? Lesgles ( talk ) 00:13, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It has been a subject of dispute for a while. I am underinformed on the issue, but it seems all the children of a tsar were tsarevich and tsarevna. The heir was the tsetsarvich and his wife the tsetsarevna or something like that. At any rate, he is the son of the woman who would be tsaritsa, so both or either apply. Charles 00:26, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Pretensions
Since this article is anyway a fruit of fantasy world, a place where young George is allowed to be Tsesarevich and his dear mother an Empress regnant, how about we add things to this fantasy. My personal favorite is to determine the succession based on ancient Kievan Rus line of succession, as applied now to Holstein-Gottorp family. It cannot be more wrong than any nice application of whatever, are such Pauline laws or what. In that, agnatic seniority determines the succession. The scenario: Alexander II barely succeeded his father. Then he was succeeded by Constantine II. Nicholas II was a different person than the one generaly known under that name, and reigned one year. Michael II survived his nephew,Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich, who did not have the opportunity to become the dynamic conservative ruler he once was. Nicholas III Constantinovich possibly was not murdered by Bolsheviks, as events could have been different with those as recent emperors. Nicholas Nicolaievich, the general, was the senior as he was in exile, and instead of just being treated as senior grand duke and a claimant by some, he woould have been the head of the house. Michael III, another one with morganatic marriage, would have reigned a couple of months. There would have been Peter IV. Alexander (here "III") and not his brother-in-law Nicky would have been tsar. Kiril I had shorter "reign" than in primogeniture. Boris I and Andrew I... Certainly one of these would have accepted one or several of the morganatic marriages as acceptable for dynasty, and more heirs would be legitimate tan in the current fantasyworld.

I have liked to check such lists, as it brings experimental material what are differences between different systems of hereditary succession. In agnatic seniority, the throne is turning more and more, between all branches of the family. There are more rulers and reigns are generally much shorter. Younger branches seem to be favored more by such turnover and eldest branch possibly succeeds never. Shilkanni 10:07, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Move. —Wknight94 (talk) 03:15, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Requested move
George Mikhailovich of Russia → Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia – The only way George can be "of Russia" is if that status is inherited through his mother (which is most widely recognized) and in that case, it would be as Grand Duke. The title needs to be added in front of George's name. It is the title most used for him. Charles 21:52, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Survey
Add "* Support" or "* Oppose" followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with ~

 * Support As nominator. Charles 21:53, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Support (Couter-revolutionary 01:25, 5 October 2006 (UTC))
 * Support Gryffindor  17:10, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Discussion
Add any additional comments
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

beliefs of factions in monarchist camp(s)
The so-called Curatrix of the Throne of Russia camp clearly believes that Maria Vladimirovna succeeded her father, on basis of semi-salic house law. George, self-evidently, is her heir.

Some other monarchists believe that male-line heirs of the Romanov are better entitled to the legacy than Maria, a woman. An unbroken male-line Romanov descent apparently produces a better right in minds of some people.

From the material of RFA, it seems that actually they (the Romanov Family Association) have the position that it is up to the Russian people to decide whether to restore monarchy and who in that case to choose. And their material also seems to reflect an idea that the strict Romanov imperial line is totally extinct, all descendants being morganauts (perhaps yet a more careful reading for the latter is needed, perhaps it is not so clearly worded there).

Nicholas Romanov is the elected President of the Romanov Family Association. Clearly, other of its membership have put their trust in him as to hold the family headship. For some reason, the today's Almanach de Gotha (which is presumably a different thing than the old AdG publishing tradition), lists Nicholas as the head of the house. However, Nicholas is actually the product of a marriage contrary to Dynastic Law of Imperial Russia (morganatic marriage) and therefore ineligible to succeed to the throne under the Russian succession law.

There exist several male-line morganaut descendants of Nicholas I of Russia, for example the mentioned president Nicholas, as well as Michael Andreyevich Romanov (b 1920) who has not staked a public claim. Perhaps their claims/entitlements should be fuller presented somewhere, but probably not in George's biography article. Shilkanni 23:44, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Why should Michael Andreyevich get any special reference? The number of morganatic agnates is quite large, and Michael Andreyevich seems to have no special claim to anything. Legitimate agnates at present, in order of seniority, are:
 * 1) Prince Dimitry Pavlovich Romanovsky-Ilyinsky (b.1954)
 * 2) Prince Michael Pavlovich Romanovsky-Ilyinsky (b.1961)
 * 3) Prince Nicholas Romanovich Romanov (b.1922)
 * 4) Prince Dimitri Romanovich Romanov (b.1926)
 * 5) Prince Michael Andreyevich Romanov (b.1920)
 * 6) Prince Andrew Andreyevich Romanov (b.1923)
 * 7) Prince Alexis Andreyevich Romanov (b.1953)
 * 8) Prince Peter Andreyevich Romanov (b.1961)
 * 9) Prince Andrew Andreyevich Romanov (b.1963)
 * 10) Prince Michael Feodorovich Romanov (b.1924)
 * 11) Prince Nikita Nikitovich Romanov (b.1923)
 * 12) Prince Feodor Nikitovich Romanov (b.1974)
 * 13) Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich Romanov (b.1985)
 * 14) Prince Nikita Rostoslavovich Romanov (b.1987)
 * 15) Prince Nicholas Nikolayevich Romanov (b.1968)
 * 16) Prince Daniel Nikolayevich Romanov (b.1972)

I concur with Shilkanni that there is no particular need to go into detail on this subject in this article. john k 00:02, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * My opinion is that a mention of rivals of George are in place in this biography (and also such rivals who have a viable right though not actively asserted - their reclucence also affects), as such persons have an impact to George's life because of George's chosen occupation. But elsewhere (actually, it has now started to take place at Line of succession to the Russian throne) is the right place to detail those succession details, grounds for rival rights to claim - it can there happen in one place, nopt spread over a bunch of biograhies). Shilkanni 05:14, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Do you see any reason to mention Michael Andreyevich specifically? I can see no particular reason that he should be seen as individually noteworthy. john k 06:42, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

When you now asked that, I looked at the situation more carefully. Until now, in those regards, I have just left contributions of others preserved, as I have regularly not wanted to alter such which is not the target of my edit. I have even left in some article a mention of Alexander of Yugoslavia as closest orthodox relative, although I have information that the issue of Her Late Imperial Highness the Dowager Princess of Leiningen also includes orthodox descendants. Now I checked Michael A. and my conclusion is: he deserves to be mentioned individually. Firstly, he is the genealogically senior member of the descent of Grand Duke Alexander and Grand Duchess Xenia - and thus represents as first heir the Romanov bunch who are closest relatives of the late Nicky II. This is an important thing at least at the level of feelings, and at how many people may conceive the situation where to look at who could be successor of Nicky II and his family IF the monarchy is restored. And their bunch is known (rightly or wrongly) to be more "Russian" in blood than several branches of Romanovs who are perceived as Germans or almost. Actually, I believe that in case of real monarchy restoration, they and particularly he if he wants, would find plenty of supporters. Secondly, there can easily be a case where he is the senior surviving dynast: the Sasso-Ruffo family are princely and held their lordships since Middle Ages. Perhaps they look like rather regular Italian "thirteen-in-a-dozen" nobles, but that's not the entire truth; they are as ancient as several small German landeshoheit houses, and they have princely rank (you know, a certain King of Belgians has his queen-consort from the same Ruffo house), and additionally Michael's mother's mother was a princess of the house of rulers of Meschersky people in Middle Russia. Legists are perfectly capable of arguing that, compared to Leonida Moukhraneli, Elisabetta Ruffo was also an equal match in marriage with an imperial Russian prince; her sons therefore must be regarded as dynasts (if Maria Vladimirovna is regarded as dynast). Contrary to Leonida, Elisabetta succeeded in giving birth to sons who lived longer than Vladimir Kirilovich. Consequently, the eldest of Elisabetta Ruffo's sons, as he lives, is male and all male dynasts senior to him are deceased, is the head of the imperial house. I would say that Michael's cousins, the late Rostislav Rostislavich and the yet living Marina Vasilievna, are a bit better choices; their mothers came from a princely house which descends in male-line from Gediminas of Lithuania, a ruler of a real country and not a tiny slice of Southern-Italian countryside. They (or the remaining one of them) should also be mentioned, as some could argue that their mothers' ancestry is better and more Russian than Elisabetta Ruffo's. Whereas everyone, including Nicholas Romanov, seem to agree that his mother countess Sheremeteva was just a commoner i this sense, no way to make an argument of equality of her. All in all, I would mention Marina Vasilievna, Michael Andreyevich, Maria Vladimirovna and Nicholas Romanov at least as individuals in these contexts. AND, Iask to direct further discussion about strengtht and weaknesses of their positions to Talk:Line of succession to the Russian throne. Shilkanni 03:45, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I've recently moved all discussion of the succession controversy from about five web sites (Romanov; Romanov Family Association; Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia; Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia; Titular Emperor of Russia) to the page Line of succession to the Russian throne. The different discussions were highly repetitive and of variable quality, since people were making changes to one without changing the others.  Now, as far as I know, there's a single page where all that is discussed.  So I've now done that with this page too.  As far as I can tell, the POV marker related to claims made about the succession controversy, not the question of what to title the article.  So I've now also removed the POV marker. Chaucer1387 13:31, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

fluency in Russian language
copied a piece of text from the public list "Alexanderpalace", that written by Alex P on 12 Aug 2005: "I am very sorry to inform you that having personally met the Grand Duke George that he does not FLUENTLY speak, write and read Russian to a degree to be shown on Russian-television speaking it. She has of late sent him to immersion classes but no he has not mastered the language.  He speaks it like a perfectly decent FRENCH university graduate would speak it with a "kartavz", a strong "karvatz", an "udareniya" that is off, and he addes a great deal of "vii zhaete" (vous savez...que..), in another words, he gallicisizes.  He does not have a grip at all on the komu/kovo cases, etc., etc."

Can we use Alexanderpalace publishings as sources, and/or is there any other source attesting something about George's skill in Russian language?

Surely all this is saying is that he can speak Russian, however, not with an excellent accent.--Couter-revolutionary 21:02, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Some dude on a listserv is not a reliable source, I don't think. john k 23:48, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Question
I'm confused I thought there was no royal family of Russia didn't that end when Nicholos II and princess anastasia and all them ewere killed —Preceding unsigned comment added by Charlieh7337 (talk • contribs) 02:39, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

No Charlieh7337 Only the Emperor (Tsar) and his immediate family were killed the rest of the family made it to safety outside Russia ands just for the record Anastasia was a Grand Duchess not a Princess. Penrithguy (talk) 18:06, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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I think there is agreement on Wikipedia that we do not take a view on the line of succession to defunct thrones, although we can include articles on notable pretenders. There is also agreement that we do not take a view on the line of succession to the British throne beyond anything on the British monarchy website or other reliable sources. Also we don't recognise noble titles in countries where the nobility has been abolished. PatGallacher (talk) 19:23, 23 January 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 9 October 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved to Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia. Original title, and consensus seems to be to move to Option B anyway. (non-admin closure) YttriumShrew (talk) 21:24, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

George Mikhailovich Romanov → ? – Considering the amount of edit-warring that has been going on in this page with regards to what his name and titles are, I thought it would be better to solve this issue by opening a new RM and leaving the options open so that the community can decide what the title should be. The question is: which of the following options could actually be his WP:COMMONNAME?
 * A) George Mikhailovich Romanov (the current title, which according to User:Tone's statement when he moved the page in September 2020 is the name that is widely used in Russian sources)
 * B) Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (consistent with his mother's page Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia, both of whom were granted their titles by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia, who in turn was bestowed with his own title by his father and previous pretender Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia)
 * C) Grand Duke George Mikhailovich Romanov (perhaps more favorable now that Russia is not a monarchy; similar examples include Prince Dimitri Romanov, Prince Andrew Romanoff, Prince Rostislav Romanov (born 1985), Princess Olga Andreevna Romanoff, etc.)
 * D) Prince George of Prussia (as he's also a descendant of the House of Hohenzollern through his father). Keivan.f  Talk 05:02, 9 October 2021 (UTC) — Relisting. (t · c)  buidhe  21:44, 24 October 2021 (UTC)  — Relisting. – MJL  ‐Talk‐☖ 19:53, 5 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Comment I think we can safely discard option D as virtually no one calls him that. --Killuminator (talk) 22:45, 10 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Support Option B or C. Lots of coverage from his recent marriage in reliable sources and all sources I’ve checked attribute the title Grand Duke, eg the BBC . - dwc lr (talk) 11:49, 13 October 2021 (UTC)

 * I support option B/C though B is more correct. This is how he is cited by the New York Times, BBC, New York Post, Vanity Fair, the Guardian, etc. RomanetNYC (talk) 18:34, 23 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Relisting to gain a clear consensus between B and C (t · c)  buidhe  21:44, 24 October 2021 (UTC)[
 * Oppose B, C and D. Support George Romanoff. It's what he calls himself: . Typically, we should defer to the subject's own choice where it is uncontroversial, easily sourced and the common name. Per Naming conventions (people), the standard format is . DrKay (talk) 19:42, 29 October 2021 (UTC)

Again, I note that B) is consistent with his family line, used by the New York Times, The Guardian, The New York Post, The London Times, Vanity Fair, Tatler, and multiple other independent sources. RomanetNYC (talk) 14:35, 6 November 2021 (UTC)

Indeed B is what is more consistent with how he is known and the titles he holds in pretense, all I meant in my (one single) edit is that 1) there is nothing saying he is creating a new house called Hohenzollern-Romanov, so that should be discarded, 2) if you check the article itself and the sources provided, given the titles bestowed upon him by his mother (it is clear she considers him a member of the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov), but it is also clear that he is also a member of the Hohenzollern dynasty, as they do mention the subsidiary title of Prince of Prussia (this is confirmed by the official website of the Russian Imperial House/his mother's website, plus there was a source in the article mentioning that before any of those edits started), so I´would say that he is not creating a new dynasty nor should he be known by his Prussian subsidiary title, instead he rather belongs to two different royal houses simultaneously as that is not unheard of in the history of European royalty, as the Romanovs themselves from the 18th century onwards are both Romanovs and members of the House of Holstein-Gottorp/Oldenburg.

Frid-arlon (talk) 01:19, 10 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Support B per the sources provided by RomanetNYC FOARP (talk) 16:47, 24 November 2021 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Requested move 25 June 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (non-admin closure) Captain Jack Sparrow (talk) 16:19, 2 July 2023 (UTC)

Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia → George Mikhailovich Romanov – The individual is merely a claimant, and a highly controversial one at that, including his title, which was merely given him by his mother, who is not recognised by the Romanov Family Association as a Grand Duchess, or heir to the Russian throne. In line with Wikipedia's styling of other such claimants, the article should surely use birth name in the header, and disputed self-granted titles should be in inverted commas. MisterWizzy (talk) 14:42, 25 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose - The Romanov Family Association has absolutely no influence over how Wikipedia articles are titled. And also the article was moved to this title from the proposed less than two years ago by the RM directly above this. estar8806 (talk) ★ 15:24, 25 June 2023 (UTC)
 * OpposeI agree with Estar8806. Dimadick (talk) 15:34, 25 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose: Vast majority of English-language RS refer to the subject as a "Grand Duke (Examples: NPR, CBS News, Reuters, CNN, Radio Free Europe, BBC News, South China Morning Post, Sydney Morning Herald, France 24, Independent, The New York Times, NBC News, EuroNews). In fact, I could not find any English-language RS that does not mention him without the title "Grand Duke" at all. StellarHalo (talk) 14:17, 30 June 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.


text: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 May 29

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 May 29

Category:Star Wars Trade Routes

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:16, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I just merged all the stub articles that were in this category into Star Wars trade routes, in accordance with WP:FICT. The category's now an empty orphan that I don't see any real growth potential in. Bryan 23:54, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Good work. James F. (talk) 10:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Well done! And delete as a matter of cleanup. Radiant_* 11:10, May 30, 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Discordian games

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:22, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Inclusion in this category seems to be wholly arbitrary. -℘yrop (talk) 17:53, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete; the information is useless in this form. It could go in an article if necessary. KVenzke 19:09, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. James F. (talk) 10:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There is no need to put a plug for Discordianism into any game that is not explicitly Discordia-based. DenisMoskowitz 18:16, 2005 May 31 (UTC)

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Category:Politics substubs

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:16, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Unused and unnecessary. Andros 1337 17:29, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I thought this was deleted ages ago! Get rid of it! Grutness...  wha?  06:58, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * There is no such thing as a substub any more. Delete. Radiant_* 07:20, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, indeed. James F. (talk) 10:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * DeleteHiding 17:33, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Business jets

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:27, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Empty and redundant - there is Category:Business aircraft Pibwl 11:06, 29 May 2005 (UTC) Perhaps you can argue it's unnecessarily specific, though it is an aviation sector, and a large and significant one at that. 132.205.45.110 01:21, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * COMMENT: I wouldn't say it's redundant. A jet is a type of aircraft. Just because you have a Starship, which is a business aircraft, a prop driven affair, doesn't mean you have the same as a LearJet 45 or like the new Embraer VLJ, even if the Starship is the coolest, sleekest looking airplane around. And a Bell 404 isn't even an airplane, it's a chopper.
 * Comment - no, a jet is a stream of fluid or gas. A jet aircraft is a type of aircraft. Rename to Category:Business jet aircraft, make it a subcategory of Category:Business aircraft. Grutness...  wha?  07:06, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * A bit pendantic no? business jet article doesn't say that. 67.68.67.152 08:48, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as a sub-cat, I think. James F. (talk) 10:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I thought a jet was a black gemstone? Anyway, it's overcategorization - cat:Business aircraft suffices. So delete. Radiant_* 11:11, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I agree with Radiant.  Besides, it's empty.  --Kbdank71 15:25, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:McCoy

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:32, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

A cat of everybody in the 'pedia who has the (admittedly rather common) last name, McCoy. Suggest listifying as categorizing people by name is not really an informative classification.. Radiant_* 09:22, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, not suitable for a cat, no. James F. (talk) 10:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, even a list wouldn't be of much use. - SimonP 18:04, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Andy McCoy's real name isn't McCoy, but they still put it in McCoy surname category. Which is comical. -Hapsiainen 14:53, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Any category that includes Hatfield-McCoy feud, Ernie McCoy, and The Real McCoy is clearly meaningless. --Polynova 20:12, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. See my comments at Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Names for details of my reasoning. - DS1953 15:52, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Put on the McCoy disambiguation page instead. Neutralitytalk 21:04, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Savoir-faire

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:30, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This is a poorly named category which is also redundant with Category:Procedural knowledge. -- Beland 06:26, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Television stations in San Deigo / Tijuana

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:34, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The category's title has a typo: it should be "Diego". And apparently Category:Television stations in San Diego / Tijuana was created a few hours ago -- so I moved all the relevant articles into there. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 06:03, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Speedy rename. Radiant_* 09:22, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, this is a speedy-rename (see top of CfD page), but delete, if necessary. James F. (talk) 10:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Charities of Canada

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The result of the debate was merge --Kbdank71 15:36, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This newly created category is a duplicate of the older Category:Canadian charities. Kurieeto 04:47, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Interesting... which of the two naming styles is more common? Radiant_* 09:22, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * The older category follows the naming conventions that are almost always used in Category:Charities. Similar examples are Category:Australian charities and Category:British charities. Kurieeto 17:45, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and delete. James F. (talk) 10:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and delete. I created the category and didn't know that Category:Canadian charities had existed. --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 20:19, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Nova Scotian ice hockey players, Category:Nova Scotia boxers, and Category:Nova Scotia curlers

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge --Kbdank71 15:38, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

i created these cats but now am sure they're too restrictive and that the two to four members that populate each simply should be placed in Category:Nova Scotia sportspeople, a cat with just three members that would come to have 12, if i remember right -Mayumashu 02:00, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Support merging, good idea. Radiant_* 09:22, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I agree. In any case, either one or two of them is/are misnamed (it should either be Nova Scotia or Nova Scotian, not a combination). Grutness...  wha?  09:51, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, good move. James F. (talk) 10:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Support --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 20:20, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Soviet civil aircraft

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:40, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Empty. Subcategory of Category:Soviet and Russian civil aircraft. Redundant (will apply to all civil aircraft in Soviet and Russian category except those made after 1990. In other words, most). →Iñgōlemo← talk  00:31, 2005 May 29 (UTC)

 * Delete, I suppose. Not entirely sure. James F. (talk) 10:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Soviet airliners 2000-2009

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:41, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The Soviet union was gone long before this decade. Empty. →Iñgōlemo← talk  00:37, 2005 May 29 (UTC)

 * Even if there still was a SU, this is overcategorization. Radiant_* 09:22, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. James F. (talk) 10:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * DELETE 132.205.45.148 17:32, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Soviet civil aircraft 2000-2009

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:42, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Empty category. The Soviet Union was gone by 1992, so it will never fill. →Iñgōlemo← talk  00:39, 2005 May 29 (UTC)

 * Delete. James F. (talk) 10:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * DELETE 132.205.45.148 17:34, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Revolution games
<div class="boilerplate metadata vfd" style="background: #bff9fc; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">
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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:43, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Empty category. Video game system to which this category is referencing is not the final name of the system. All articles previously listed in this cat were either made into redirects or deleted per VFD. K1Bond007 02:18, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, but not prejudiced against re-creation when the final name is selected. James F. (talk) 10:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

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text:
Talk:Mazda Familia

Familia Neo
There was also a Familia Neo sold some time around the 1994-9 model - it was a 3-door liftback with a glass panel on the back, much in the fashion of the Honda CR-X and Insight. I've also seen this sold in the UK and Ireland badged just as a "323". Anyone have better information on these? --Zilog Jones 23:11, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

The Neo is the Mazda equivalent to the Ford Laser Lynx - I'll try find some more information on it. --Carcenomy 11:42, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

extra
Later Familias appeared with a succession of names around the world, including 1000, 1200, and 1300, 800, 808, and 818, Mizer, GLC, 323 and Protegé (sic).

Engines
Looking at present, nothing is matching up. Based on the C-engine article, it would suggest several C family engines were used in the Familia in the early models, but none of the capacities or horsepower ratings for the corresponding C-engines match the cars they are claimed to be from. Can someone provide some evidence of the actual outputs of the cars in question, and link them to their appropriate engine pages? --Carcenomy 11:40, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

What is / was a Mazda Familia?

Where manufacturers such as Mazda (and Nissan and Toyota and Volkswagen and General Motors) use different names for identical or near identical models in different markets, I do not think Wikipedia has an established / consistently followed policy on what to call them. Any of the potential 'rules' that I can think of would threaten to open a can of worms. (Always use the US name because many wikepedians are aware of no other? Always use the name used in the market / country where the entity has its own corporate head office?   Always use the name applied by the wikipedian who first wrote the article?....)

Which is a rambling preamble to reporting that I've just dug out a couple of pictures I took 35ish years ago of a car that I (in the UK but also I think in the rest of Western Europe) grew up thinking of as the Mazda 1000. But I have the sense that most contributions to this article come from US contributors. I think this picture must be of the car described in the article as the second generation Mazda Familia. If someone who knows agrees with me, and if no one has a better image available to accompany that section of the article and thinks one or other or both of these will serve the necessary purpose, please let me know (or install the picture yourself). If I'm wrong about assuming what the cars in these pictures, are according to the names known to other wikipedians - ie those outside of west Europe - I'd be interested to know anyway. And thank you. Charles01 06:34, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Correction about Mazda Familia in Colombia and Andean Countries
In Colombia and other Andean Countries the sixth generation Familia (known as 323), equipped with the B3 engine, was manufactured and sold as Mazda 323 until 2003.

In Colombia, further generations were sold as Mazda Allegro with the exception of the 1997-1998 sedan eighth generation model, which was known as Ford Laser and was manufactured until 2007. Currently, the ninth generation model is still in production (as Mazda Allegro with 1.3L and 1.6L engines); but it is expected to end in 2008, in order to be replaced by the Mazda2. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.244.174.118 (talk) 16:41, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

Also Called & Related
I tried to sort out these lines in the infoboxes to match the article text, because many readers will better recognize these cars as a Mazda 323 or Protegé. However this model has been rebadged so many times, it is quite confusing. Perhaps a Mazda expert would like to take a shot at it. 71.134.228.37 (talk) 04:03, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

Japan 5-door hatchback, pop-up headlights
This was also available in UK tali 07/05/09(80.195.161.249 (talk) 23:36, 6 May 2009 (UTC))

Image for 8th generation

This image is not of a US model, it is an imported Japanese domestic model like the one I own. It has a different lane change light placement and grille to the one sold in the US. 131.203.127.133 (talk) 01:06, 17 June 2009 (UTC)

 * It obviously can't be JDM since the steering wheel and the front pillar antenna are on the left side, and the image is not flipped. If it's not USM, then it's european. 91.122.190.157 (talk) 13:37, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

engines
BG generation: lack of 1.6l sohc 16valve engine 66kw/88hp —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.222.110.135 (talk) 23:01, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

9th gen (BJ) production years: 1998, not 1999
But they've been actually produced since May 1998. You can check spare catalogues: some parts are different for pre-07/98 cars but this is the same BJ generation. 91.122.190.157 (talk) 13:32, 6 October 2009 (UTC)
 * A redesigned ninth-generation BJ Familia was introduced on June 9, 1998 as a 1999 model.

Familia Infini
Added information under the 1989 - 1994 Familia models for the Infini trim model. References made to the original Japanese product brochure and summary of brochure listing special options specific to the Infini trim line. I saw this change as significant as the Infini sport trims for the RX-7 are mentioned in the RX-7 article, and not much in known about the sedan version. 06:00, 19 November 2009 User:66.91.78.3

Galleries
To Chacha15: there is absolutely no need for picture galleries with eighteen or more pictures. Also you removed several captions for no apparent reason. I don't understand the motivation for the majority of your edits, most of which don't improve the article but just shuffle things around for no apparent reason. No need for giant galleries, there is a Commons category which allows users to see all images of the Familia/323 etc.  ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃   (talk) 06:28, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Restored and reduced the last gallery to 16 imgs. BTW what captions do you mean? Please don't revert if there's any problem - tell me and I will fix them. Thanks.--Chacha15 (talk) 22:18, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

 * You have deleted several image captions (for instance for the Familia 800 in the first infobox). Your galleries are still much too large. We do not, as a rule, use several images in the infoboxes.  ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃   (talk) 00:41, 8 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Additionally, your removal of the "small family car" (useful to most of the world) in favor of the American Compact/Subcompact designations baffles me. Also, I don't know that the car was upgraded to "compact" until 1995, so unless you have a reference I don't see the point. I cannot honestly see the purpose of any of your edits, except perhaps the main image, which I will now restore. The galleries were fine as they were, please stop adding photos. The Wikimiedia Commons category page does an admirable job in showing all of the different versions of the car.  ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃   (talk) 00:52, 8 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Changed Compact back to Small family car. Changed the compact upgrade back to 1995. Reduced no. of imgs in the galleries (including the two giants). Also reduced gallery widths by 50px. Now everything should be okay, right?

 * By the way, which caption do you mean I removed? I checked the history and there was never a caption for Familia 800 infobox. Just tell me and I'll fix it. --Chacha15 (talk) 18:41, 8 March 2012 (UTC)

Mr.choppers, is the article still the way it is because you're sick of fighting it or because you've taken a break from reverting it? It's still a huge mess and should be reverted to where it was before today. Overloaded galleries, overloaded infoboxes, poor photo selections. IFCAR (talk) 20:32, 8 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what the state of the article was when you wrote this, but after your most recent edits it looks pretty decent. Perhaps too many Aussie market cars and no Euro spec ones, but I really don't care.  ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃   (talk) 18:43, 9 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I fear I'm just going to be ignored, but let's go through the various changes made in the edit I just reverted:
 * 1 - Lower-quality photo for the top infobox: washed-out details, covered in reflections, cluttered background. No justification provided for the change.
 * 2 - Lower-quality photo for the 6th-generation infobox: Less than ideal angle, cluttered background, car features badly discolored body panels. No justification provided for the change.
 * 3 - In general, too many gallery photos, specifically contrary to the guideline favoring a link to Commons over a large gallery. No justification provided for the change.
 * 4 - In general, low-quality gallery photos, with the risible edit summary justification that "image quality isn't important." Issues include photographed vehicles with visible damage and aftermarket components, both of which are frowned upon when avoidable in the image standards, and photos with poor lighting or cropping when superior choices are available. No justification provided for the changes.
 * 5 - Repeated unexplained caption changes, many of which make the caption needlessly vague or demonstrably incorrect.
 * Please weigh in on this page, Chacha15, and see if you can 1) clearly explain your edits and 2) see if anyone agrees with your rationale before continuing to make these changes. IFCAR (talk) 22:17, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I second all of the above. Please begin communicating (this also means listening to others, and responding to questions and concerns directly).  ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃   (talk) 23:00, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

Response
1. There is no lower quality photo anymore: this new one that I added (the white 1998-2001 Familia) is high quality. Also, the original photo has a very bad angle. 2. The original photo might have a better quality, but has a very bad angle. It's taken all the way from the side and per Wikiproject conventions, the angle of a car's photo should be a clear front and side. And oh, if you complain about the quality, why don't you replace the photo yourself with a different one? 3. Too many gallery photos? No way. You lot removed SO much already. Also, using Commons is only good if you want to see more photos of a model. The galleries here just put one image of each type of a model! 4. Image quality IS not important in galleries, because the image size in a gallery photo is less than 100px (which is very small), so therefore the image is either little or no effective to the quality (if for example the image size is e.g. 500px, then yes, you've got a point; the quality is low. But a gallery image is very small in size and therefore no problem) 5. I've clearly improved the captions of gallery photos. I made the years bold so it's clearer, and I wrote the model and region clearly. And if there's anything incorrect, feel free to correct it! Why revert the whole article instead?

--Chacha15 (talk) 16:56, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

 * 1, 2. The original photo is the appropriate 3/4 front view, and is cleaner than the latest one that you prefer.
 * 3. Yes, you are using too many -- far, far more than "one image of each model."
 * 4. Quality is always important, with the justified expectation that someone would click on a tiny gallery image to see it bigger. You can't see (some) image quality metrics in the gallery size, but you also can't see most details of the car either.
 * 5. When the vast majority of changes are poor, no one should have to hunt through to pick out what might actually be justified. IFCAR (talk) 17:38, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I guess that the model years could be bolded. Otherwise I agree with IFCAR. Going through an article just to change photos, often seemingly at random, is not useful work but just something to keep you busy. Why don't you pick up a couple of back issues of Autocar or somesuch, and then make entries with any useful information you find? That would actually improve WP, rather than just change it.  ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃   (talk) 20:34, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

 * That photo has a very bad angle. If you think my preferred photos are not 'clean', then feel free to replace it! But your preferred photo is also not good due to bad angle. --Chacha15 (talk) 21:22, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

 * The angle is the appropriate 3/4 front view. IFCAR (talk) 22:11, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Really? Hello, wake up! I'm talking about the infobox pic at the top of the page. It has a very bad angle. --Chacha15 (talk) 16:59, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

Your comments here seem to illustrate why you're having so much trouble selecting suitable photos. Might I suggest you try doing something else? IFCAR (talk) 17:01, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

 * To perhaps get some clarity: Is this the image which has a "bad angle"? And what exactly is a bad angle, in this case? To me it looks as a spot on 3/4 view representation.  ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃   (talk) 17:34, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I've shown an example of what is a good angle (an 8th gen 323 from Europe). This good angle clearly shows the front and side.
 * The image you want is a bad angle because it shows the side more and the front is not clearly seen. Also, it's taken from too far away.

--Chacha15 (talk) 11:03, 18 March 2012 (UTC)

 * To me it's the opposite. Your image is taken from way too near, with too wide of an angle which distorts the view. It's not a bad photo, but not as good as the 99-00 Protege ES. That photo has nearly no distortion at all and shows a good proportion of side to front.  ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃   (talk) 15:06, 18 March 2012 (UTC)

Proposed merger
Regushee placed merger hatnotes on top of a few pages such as Mazda Étude and Mazda Grand Familia. There is a link to a discussion (which takes me here) but no discussion.
 * Oppose I would like to express my objection to such a merger - the Étude has a different name and different sheet metal (all of it, as far as I can tell), while the Grand Familia was a considerably bigger car on a different chassis, sold with different names in all markets. No reason at all to merge these.  ⊂| Mr.choppers |⊃   (talk) 04:53, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Oppose mergers per above. OSX (talk • contributions) 04:42, 8 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Oppose I don't have a wiki username, but agree with OSX to NOT merge Étude and in addition the Rx3 pages with the Grand Familia pages. The pages are fine the way they are, and contain appropriate cross-links. Ditto the OPPOSE vote. DLREED 20120504 not  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.85.187.56 (talk) 10:36, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Oppose—I oppose the Merge of the Mazda RX-3, another page on which the hatnote was placed proposing a merge. The RX-3 was a fairly successful (some 900,000 units) car, and was marketed in the US and other locations under the RX-3 model name.  It should NOT be merged with Mazda Familia as proposed.  N2e (talk) 14:30, 11 January 2014 (UTC)

Confusion in the lead
The lead states, in a very convoluted and confusing sentence, that the name "Familia" was used in Southern Africa. This is not true, the South African made versions were always branded "323" and later "Etude". Roger (Dodger67) (talk) 19:52, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

Mazda Étude merger proposal
The Mazda Étude is an orphan article which is essentially a Familia hatchback with different rear window treatment, attempting to present a luxurious appearance on a more plain two-door hatchback, and it can join the "Sao Penza" South African version. (Regushee (talk) 23:55, 23 September 2016 (UTC))

 * Oppose: the Étude seemingly has its own sheetmetal (are any body panels shared with the Familia/323?). As for the Sao Penza, that is merely a rebadged model with no material changes made to the donor 323. OSX (talk • contributions) 02:53, 24 September 2016 (UTC)

Mazda Lantis merger proposal
This article already has an introductory paragraph for a very small, orphaned article that needs additional references. (Regushee (talk) 00:07, 24 September 2016 (UTC))

 * Oppose: the Lantis has its own sheetmetal (and is on a different platform to the Familia/323. The only linkage is that is was sold under the 323 name in some markets like Europe and Australia. OSX (talk • contributions) 02:55, 24 September 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Mazda Familia


text:
Joseph LoDuca

Joseph LoDuca (born 1958) is an American television and film score composer best known for his work writing television scores for the series Spartacus, Leverage, Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, Xena: Warrior Princess, Young Hercules, The Librarians TV series, American Gothic and Jack of All Trades. Originally an accomplished jazz guitarist in the Detroit (MI, USA) area, LoDuca frequently provides music for producer/director Robert Tapert, producer/director Sam Raimi, producer/director Dean Devlin and actor Bruce Campbell's films and series. Prior to his work on The Evil Dead, his first film, he released a jazz LP titled Glisten.

LoDuca's credits include 2 Primetime Emmy Awards, 11 Primetime Emmy Nominations, and "Most Performed Underscore" recognitions from ASCAP for four consecutive years. He garnered a César Award nomination; Meilleure Musique Écrite Pour Un Film (Best Music) and a Saturn Award nomination for the French international film Brotherhood of the Wolf, as well as being lauded as "Horror Film Composer of the Year" for his score to Army of Darkness.

LoDuca was nominated for and won the Emmy Award in 2009 for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series for his music in Legend of the Seeker.

LoDuca played in a rock band in his teens, before studying literature and composition at the University of Michigan and Wayne State University. He claimed to prefer composition, because it let him "run among the disciplines without getting caught".

Selected works

 * The Evil Dead (1981) (Film) (as Joe LoDuca)
 * Evil Dead II (1987) (Film)
 * Army of Darkness (1992) (Film)
 * M.A.N.T.I.S (1994–1995) (TV series)
 * Hercules: The Legendary Journeys (1994–2000) (TV series)
 * Xena: Warrior Princess (1995–2001) (TV series)
 * American Gothic (1995–1996) (TV series)
 * Hercules and Xena - The Animated Movie: The Battle for Mount Olympus (1998) (Video)
 * Young Hercules (1998–1999) (TV series)
 * Jack of All Trades (2000) (TV series)
 * Cleopatra 2525 (2000–2001) (TV series)
 * Brotherhood of the Wolf (Le Pacte Des Loups) (2001) (Film)
 * He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (2002–2004)
 * Saint Ange (House of Voices) (2004) (Film)
 * The Triangle (2005) (TV Miniseries)
 * Boogeyman (2005) (Film)
 * Man with the Screaming Brain (2005) (Film)
 * My Name Is Bruce (2007) (Film)
 * The Messengers (2007) (Film)
 * Boogeyman 2 (2007) (Film)
 * The Staircase Murders (2007) (TV Movie)
 * Legend of the Seeker (2008–2010) (TV series)
 * Leverage (2008–2012) (TV series)
 * Patagonia (2010) (Film)
 * Spartacus (2010–2013) (TV series)
 * Curse of Chucky (2013) (Video)
 * The Librarians (2014–2018) (TV series)
 * Pay the Ghost (2015) (Film)
 * Ash vs Evil Dead (2015–2018) (TV series)
 * Disjointed (2017–18) (TV series)
 * Cult of Chucky (2017) (Video)
 * Bad Samaritan (2018) (Film)
 * Mr. Iglesias (2019–2020) (TV series)
 * Chucky (2021–) (TV series)
 * Evil Dead: The Game (2022) (Video game)

title: Joseph LoDuca


text:
Zvonimir Soldo

Zvonimir Soldo (born 2 November 1967) is a Croatian football manager and former player. During his playing career, he mostly played as defensive midfielder.

Early career
After studying law for six semesters at the University of Zagreb, Soldo's parents convinced him to pursue a career as professional football player.

Soldo's professional career began with NK Dinamo Zagreb which he left for NK Zadar after two years. 1991 through 1994, he played for NK Inter Zaprešić before returning to his former club, now named NK Croatia Zagreb.

Runner-up in both Croatian league and cup in his first season back at Zagreb, the next campaign saw Soldo's side complete a domestic double in 1995/96. After achieving all he could in domestic football, Soldo headed for German side VfB Stuttgart.

VfB Stuttgart
Soldo made his Bundesliga debut on 17 August 1996 against FC Schalke 04. This was the beginning of his time in Stuttgart which would last for ten years and during which he would lead VfB Stuttgart on the pitch as captain nearly 200 times.

During this period, Soldo played another 300 times in the Bundesliga and 47 times in European competitions, won the German cup in 1997 and reached the European Cup Winners' Cup final in 1998, as well as finishing as runner-up in the 2002–03 campaign.

After being an exemplary sportsman and role model for younger players all these years, Soldo played his last Bundesliga match for Stuttgart on 6 May 2006.

In recognition of his merits, Soldo received the Staufer medal, a decoration awarded by the state of Baden-Württemberg.

International career
Soldo was also a long-time member of the national team and made his debut for Croatia in an April 1994 friendly match away against Slovakia, coming on as a 46th-minute substitute for Slavko Ištvanić. He earned a total of 61 caps, scoring 3 goals and was an important member of the squad that finished third in the 1998 World Cup and also made notable appearances at the Euro 96 and 2002 FIFA World Cups. His final international was a June 2002 FIFA World Cup match against Italy and Soldo retired from international football after that tournament.

Dinamo Zagreb
On 14 January 2008 Zvonimir was appointed as a new manager of Dinamo Zagreb after Branko Ivanković's resignation. Prior to that he was managing Dinamo's youth team. He became Prva HNL Champion and Croatian Cup Winner. He offered his resignation in the night after the cup final to make space to old/new manager Branko Ivanković.

1. FC Köln
From June 2009 to October 2010, Soldo was the manager of German Bundesliga club, 1. FC Köln (Cologne) after the club's former coach Christoph Daum surprisingly left to sign for Fenerbahçe.

Admira Wacker
Soldo replaced Klaus Schmidt as manager of Admira Wacker in February 2020, but on 13 September 2020, he resigned following a 1–4 loss to Rapid Wien.

Tractor S.C.
On 14 November 2021, he was appointed as coach of Tractor.

Career statistics

 * Scores and results list Croatia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Soldo goal.

Player
Inker Zaprešić
 * Croatian Cup: 1992

Dinamo Zagreb
 * Croatian First League: 1995–96
 * Croatian Cup: 1995–96

VfB Stuttgart
 * DFB-Pokal: 1996–97
 * UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Runner-up: 1997–98
 * UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2000
 * Bundesliga Runner-up: 2002–03

Croatia
 * FIFA World Cup third place: 1998

Manager
Dinamo Zagreb
 * Croatian First League: 2007–08
 * Croatian Cup: 2007–08

Orders

 * Order of DH Franjo Bučar.jpg Order of Danica Hrvatska with face of Franjo Bučar – 1995
 * Ribbon of an Order of the Croatian Trefoil.png Order of the Croatian Trefoil – 1998

title: Zvonimir Soldo


text:
Inflammable Material

Inflammable Material is the debut album by the Northern Irish punk band Stiff Little Fingers. Released in 1979, at the height of The Troubles, most of the album's tracks detail the grim reality of life in Northern Ireland in times of polarisation and conflict, with songs containing themes such as teenage boredom, deprivation, sectarian violence and police brutality.

Background
Stiff Little Fingers were formed in 1977, just as the punk movement was rising in the UK. Frontman Jake Burns' previous band, named Highway Star (which also included SLF members Henry Cluney and Brian Faloon), had been a rock covers band. However, as the band discovered punk they reoriented, renaming themselves to Stiff Little Fingers and altering their line-up. In a 2019 interview, Burns said he 'loved the visceral power of [punk]' and the '[Middle] fingers up to the rock establishment aspect.' He was particularly inspired by the Clash 'writing about their lives in a way that really hit home', highlighting their song Career Opportunities as a prime example. Another event which caused SLF to reorient towards punk rock was the 'Battle of Bedford Street', a riot outside of Ulster Hall in October 1977 which erupted due to the cancellation of a Clash performance. In terms of the band realising they were 'not alone' in the Ulster punk scene, the aborted Clash show was 'huge'.

The album was recorded in 1978, mostly at Spaceward Studios in Cambridge, except for 'Alternative Ulster', which was recorded at Island Studios in London. The process was described by Burns as being done 'very quickly' and 'as if we were playing a live gig', due to the band's lack of knowledge in studio recording.

Reception
On its initial release, Paul Morley of the NME declared that "even more so than Never Mind The Bollocks – which turned out to be comedy – much more so than The Clash – which turned out to be quaint – as astonishing in its impact as The Ramones, Inflammable Material is the classic punk rock record." Morley went on to note the album was a "crushing contemporary commentary, brutally inspired by blatant bitter rebellion and frustration" concluding that "There are parts of Inflammable Material that are not just exciting or stimulating but quite humbling. It is a remarkable document." Garry Bushell of Sounds also praised the album, declaring it "a magnificent slice of vintage punk played fast and frantic, and loaded with powerful lyrics and forceful hooks barked out with anger and conviction by the man with the permanent sore throat, vocalist/lead guitarist Jake Burns." Bushell concluded that "Stiffs to be one of the most impressive old style punk bands to have broken surface in recent times, and my worries are mostly for the future: will their music progress or stagnate?"

Track listing
All tracks composed by Jake Burns and Gordon Ogilvie; except where indicated

The 2001 EMI CD reissue added the following tracks:

The reissue includes the first part of an interview of Jake Burns by Alan Parker (the second part is included in the reissue of Nobody's Heroes).

Chart Position
This was the first album on an independent record label to enter the UK Top Twenty.

Personnel
with:
 * Stiff Little Fingers
 * Jake Burns – vocals, guitar
 * Henry Cluney – guitar, vocals
 * Ali McMordie – bass, vocals
 * Brian Faloon – drums
 * Andy Kelly – bassoon on "Alternative Ulster"
 * Technical
 * Geoff Travis – producer
 * Mayo Thompson – producer
 * Mike Kemp – engineer
 * Doug Bennett – producer
 * Ed Hollis – producer on "Alternative Ulster"

title: Inflammable Material


text:
Kagel

Kagel may refer to:
 * Kagel, Iran, a village in Kurdistan Province, Iran
 * Kagel, Missouri, a community in the United States
 * Jeffrey Kagel (born 1947, Long Island, New York), U.S. vocalist
 * Mauricio Kagel (1931–2008), a composer

title: Kagel


text: User talk:69.47.140.98

title: User talk:69.47.140.98


text:
L5 Society

The L5 Society was founded in 1975 by Carolyn Meinel and Keith Henson to promote the space colony ideas of Gerard K. O'Neill.

In 1987, the L5 Society merged with the National Space Institute to form the National Space Society.

Name
The name comes from the and  Lagrangian points in the Earth–Moon system proposed as locations for the huge rotating space habitats that O'Neill envisioned. L4 and L5 are points of stable gravitational equilibrium located along the path of the Moon's orbit, 60 degrees ahead or behind it.

An object placed in orbit around L5 (or L4) will remain there indefinitely without having to expend fuel to keep its position, whereas an object placed at, or  (all points of unstable equilibrium) may have to expend fuel if it drifts off the point.

Founding of L5 Society
O'Neill's first published paper on the subject, "The Colonization of Space", appeared in the magazine Physics Today in September 1974. A number of people who later became leaders of the L5 Society got their first exposure to the idea from this article. Among these were a couple from Tucson, Arizona, Carolyn Meinel and Keith Henson. The Hensons corresponded with O'Neill and were invited to present a paper on "Closed Ecosystems of High Agricultural Yield" at the 1975 Princeton Conference on Space Manufacturing Facilities, which was organized by O'Neill.

At this conference, O'Neill merged the Solar Power Satellite (SPS) ideas of Peter Glaser with his space habitat concepts.

The Hensons incorporated the L5 Society in August 1975, and sent its first 4-page newsletter in September to a sign up list from the conference and O'Neill's mailing list. The first newsletter included a letter of support from Morris Udall (then a contender for US president) and said "our clearly stated long range goal will be to disband the Society in a mass meeting at L5."

Moon Treaty
The peak of L5's influence was the defeat of the Moon Treaty in the U.S. Senate in 1980 ("... L-5 took on the biggest political fight of its short life, and won"). Specifically, L5 Society activists campaigned for awareness of the provisions against any form of sovereignty or private property in outer space that would make space colonization impossible and the provisions against any alteration of the environment of any celestial body prohibiting terraforming. Leigh Ratiner [a Washington lawyer/lobbyist] "played the key role in the lobbying effort, although he had energetic help from L-5 activists, notably Eric Drexler and Christine Peterson."

Although economic analysis indicated the SPS/space colony concept had merit, it foundered on short political and economic horizons and the fact that the transport cost to space was about 300 times too high for individuals to fund when compared to the Plymouth Rock and Mormon colonies.

Merger with National Space Institute
In 1986, the L5 Society, which had grown to about 10,000 members, merged with the 25,000 member National Space Institute, to form the present-day National Space Society. The National Space Institute had been founded in 1972 by Wernher von Braun, the former German rocket engineer of the WW II Nazi V-2 rocket/ballistic missile program, and of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and Project Apollo program manager.

While the L5 Society failed to achieve the goal of human settlements in space, it served as a focal point for many of the people who later became known in fields such as nanotechnology, memetics, extropianism, cryonics, transhumanism, artificial intelligence, and tether propulsion, such as K. Eric Drexler, Robert Forward, and Hans Moravec.

L5 News
The L5 News was the newsletter of the L5 Society reporting on space habitat development and related space issues. The L5 News was published from September 1975 until April 1987, when the merger with the National Space Institute was completed and the newly formed National Space Society began publication of its own magazine, Ad Astra.

title: L5 Society


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Summary
Cover of the Stiff Little Fingers album Inflammable Material.

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