text:
The Ambassadors (Holbein)

The Ambassadors is a 1533 painting by Hans Holbein the Younger.

Also known as Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve, after the two people it portrays, it was created in the Tudor period, in the same year Elizabeth I was born. Franny Moyle speculates that Elizabeth's mother, Anne Boleyn, then Queen of England, might have commissioned it as a gift for Jean de Dinteville, the French ambassador, portrayed on the left. De Selve was a Catholic Bishop.

As well as being a double portrait, the painting contains a still life of meticulously rendered objects, the meaning of which is the cause of much debate. An array of expensive scientific objects, related to knowing the time and the cosmos are prominently displayed. Several refer to Rome, the seat of the Pope. A second shelf of objects shows a lute with a broken string, a symbol of discord, next to a hymnal composed by Martin Luther.

It incorporates one of the best-known examples of anamorphosis in painting. While most scholars have taken the view that the painting should be viewed side on to see the skull, others believe a glass tube was used to see the skull head on. Either way, death is both prominent and obscured until discovered. Less easily spotted is a carving of Jesus on a crucifix, half hidden behind a curtain at the top left.

The Ambassadors has been part of London's National Gallery collection since its purchase in 1890. They extensively restored the painting in 1997, leading to criticism, in particular, that the skull's dimensions had been changed.

Description
Though he was a German-born artist who spent much of his time in England, Holbein here displays the influence of Early Netherlandish painting. He used oils which for panel paintings had been developed a century before in Early Netherlandish painting, and just as Jan van Eyck and the Master of Flémalle used extensive imagery to link their subjects to religious concepts, Holbein used symbolic objects around the figures to suggest mostly secular ideas and interests.

Among the clues to the figures' associations are a selection of scientific instruments including two globes (one terrestrial and one celestial), a shepherd's dial, a quadrant, a torquetum, and a polyhedral sundial, as well as various textiles. The floor mosaic is based on a design from Westminster Abbey—the Cosmati pavement, before the High Altar. Biographer Eric Ives suggests that Holbein included the pattern from this distinctive area of floor as a reference to the forthcoming coronation of Anne Boleyn, as it was at the location in the Abbey reserved for the ceremony. The carpet on the upper shelf is an example of a "Holbein carpet"—an Anatolian carpet often depicted in the artist's paintings. The figure on the left is in secular attire while the figure on the right is dressed in clerical clothes. They flank the table, which displays open books and symbols of religious knowledge, including a symbolic link to the Virgin. Near the top left corner, a crucifix can be seen, partially covered by the curtain.

In contrast, other scholars have suggested the painting contains overtones of religious strife. The conflicts between secular and religious authorities are here represented by Jean de Dinteville, a landowner, and Georges de Selve, the Bishop of Lavaur. The commonly accepted symbol of discord, a lute with a broken string, is included next to a hymnbook in Martin Luther's translation, suggesting strife between scholars and the clergy. For others, if the lute's broken string suggests the interruption of religious harmony, the Lutheran hymnal, open on facing pages reproducing a song on the Commandments (Law) and one on the Holy Spirit (Grace) may suggest their being in "harmony" with each other.

The terrestrial globe on the lower shelf repeats a portion of a cartographically imaginative map created in possibly 1530 and of unknown origin. The map is referred to as the Ambassadors' Globe due to its popularly known appearance in the painting.

The work has been described as "one of the most staggeringly impressive portraits in Renaissance art."

Anamorphic skull
The most notable and famous of Holbein's symbols in the work is the distorted skull which is placed in the bottom centre of the composition. The skull, rendered in anamorphic perspective, another invention of the Early Renaissance, is meant to be a visual puzzle as the viewer must approach the painting from high on the right side, or low on the left side, to see the form as an accurate rendering of a human skull. While the skull is evidently intended as a vanitas or memento mori, it is unclear why Holbein gave it such prominence in this painting. A simple explanation is that "memento mori" was de Dinteville's motto, while another possibility is that this painting represents three levels: the heavens as portrayed by the astrolabe and other objects on the upper shelf, the living world as evidenced by books and a musical instrument on the lower shelf, and death signified by the skull.

Artists often incorporated skulls as a reminder of mortality. Holbein may have intended the skulls (one as a gray slash and the other as a medallion on Jean de Dinteville's hat) and the crucifix in the upper left corner to encourage contemplation of one's impending death and the resurrection. The question remains however why the gray slash is only visible from the side. One possibility is that Holbein simply wished to show off his ability with the technique in order to secure future commissions. The painting may have been designed to hang beside a doorway, or even in a stairwell, so that persons entering the room or walking up the stairs and passing the painting on their left would be confronted by the appearance of the skull. However, a viewing place that would provide the correct elevation, such as a suitable staircase for instance, has not been identified at Dinteville's chateau at Polisy; it seems unlikely that one would have existed. The side view theory may have some other problems. Arguably, the skull as viewed from the side does not properly take account of perspective, and even at the most extreme viewing angle, the skull can be considered as somewhat stretched. A further theory suggested by Edgar Samuel in 1962 is that it was intended to be viewed through a special optic. There are other examples of similar devices, although not identical, being used at the time; there was something of a fashion for it. Samuel describes an account of another painting that used a viewing optic, recorded in 1602. Working with the Warburg Institute and the British Optical Association, they ruled out complex optical devices, but identified that a simple, hollow glass tube would be able to produce the correct optical effects, and that such tubes were available and known at the time. It is possible to view the skull correctly from face on, using a perspex or glass tube optic at arms length. This resolves the skull more realistically than when seen from the side, without the distortion that can be seen in the skull picture above. In the black and white image, it can be seen that the skull has more natural dimensions.

Samuel adds that, in his view, "the composition of the painting is altered for the better", as the skull, earth and celestial globes become suggestively aligned, and the tube points towards De Dinteville, making him the focus of the painting. The line created by the tube balances with the anamorphosis. While the theory remains "reasonable but unproved", Agrippa von Nettesheim wrote in 1533 of various kinds of trick glass "daily seen" including "pillar fashion'd" perspective glasses, in a work "apparently known" to Holbein and his circle. Potential objections to the optic theory include that the image produced is small, and that there are no books on anamorphis published describing this method; and lastly that understanding of lens optics is relatively late. It is also possible that it could be coincidence, as other images designed to work side-on are also rendered reasonably well by the kind of lens proposed by Samuel.

Restoration of the skull
While the skull after the 1996 restoration should still be visible and interpretable to the eye by either side viewing or through a lens, Sharp believes vital evidence regarding the way the projection was created may have been lost. Restorers had challenges with this area of the painting as sections were heavily degraded, underneath later restorations, and this work was done last in the process. They opted for recalculating the skull's features, in order to fill gaps in the extant artwork. However, the methods by which the new skull projection was produced were not published, and were missing from the official National Gallery technical document describing the restoration. It is possible they used computer projections, which were at the time frequently bad at handling perspective, and used a modern skull, with teeth which would have moved the overall dimensions of the jaw line. The restorers appear to have ignored the possibility of a front-on view of the skull, and assumed a side view only, despite both being optically credible.

Criticising the restoration work for failing to understand the likely method of projection, computer scientist John Sharp said: "The teeth have placed the jawbone in a different place and this has resulted in a skull which is neither the original nor the new one [ie, new skull, used and computer projected by the National Gallery]. Restorers do not normally paint outside the limits of the old paint. In this case the jawbone protrudes into the border which it did not do before."

The two subjects
Before the publication of Mary F. S. Hervey's Holbein's Ambassadors: The Picture and the Men in 1900, the identity of the two figures in the picture had long been a subject of intense debate. In 1890, Sidney Colvin was the first to propose the figure on the left as Jean de Dinteville, Seigneur of Polisy (1504–1555), French ambassador to the court of Henry VIII for most of 1533. Shortly afterwards, the cleaning of the picture revealed that his seat of Polisy is one of only four French places marked on the globe.

Hervey identified the man on the right as Georges de Selve (1508/09–1541), Bishop of Lavaur, after tracing the painting's history back to a seventeenth-century manuscript. According to the art historian John Rowlands, de Selve is not wearing episcopal robes because he was not consecrated until 1534. De Selve is known from two of de Dinteville's letters to his brother François de Dinteville (1498-1556), Bishop of Auxerre, to have visited London in the spring of 1533. On 23 May, Jean de Dinteville wrote: "Monsieur de Lavaur did me the honour of coming to see me, which was no small pleasure to me. There is no need for the grand maître to hear anything of it". The grand maître in question was Anne de Montmorency, the Marshal of France, a reference that has led some analysts to conclude that de Selve's mission was a secret one; but there is no other evidence to corroborate the theory. On June 4, the ambassador wrote to his brother again, saying: "Monsieur de Lavaur came to see me, but has gone away again".

Hervey's identification of the sitters has remained the standard one, affirmed in extended studies of the painting by Foister, Roy, and Wyld (1997), Zwingenberger (1999), and North (2004), who concludes that "the general coherence of the evidence assembled by Hervey is very satisfying"; however, North also notes that, despite Hervey's research, "Rival speculation did not stop at once and is still not entirely dead". Giles Hudson, for example, has argued that the man on the right is not de Selve, but Jean's brother François, Bishop of Auxerre, a noted patron of the arts with a known interest in mathematical instruments. The identification finds support in the earliest manuscript in which the painting is mentioned, a 1589 inventory of the Chateau of Polisy, discovered by Riccardo Famiglietti. However, scholars have argued that this identification of 1589 was incorrect. John North, for example, remarks that "This was a natural enough supposition to be made by a person with limited local knowledge, since the two brothers lived on the family estates together at the end of their lives, but it is almost certainly mistaken". He points to a letter François de Dinteville wrote to Jean on 28 March 1533, in which he talks of an imminent meeting with the Pope and makes no mention of visiting London. Unlike the man on the right of the picture, François was older than Jean de Dinteville. The inscription on the man on the right's book is "AETAT/IS SV Æ 25" (his age is 25); that on de Dinteville's dagger is "AET. SV Æ/ 29" (he is 29).

The globes
The terrestrial globe is positioned upside down, and marks the chateau of Polisy, the family home of de Dinteville. This was the clue that led Hervey to identify the two figures in the painting, along with his stays in France. The chateau is however placed incorrectly, placed at the north east, rather than south east of Paris as it should be, and is labelled upside down, meaning it can be read more easily by the viewer. Just as significantly, the globe's view centres on Rome. The handle on the globe was not painted by Holbein, but is an addition by an early restorer that the National Gallery opted to leave during its restoration.

The terrestrial globe is generally identified as having been made by Johannes Schöner but others and others have preferred Georg Hartmann of Nuremberg.

The celestial globe can also be identified as being made by Schöner. As the symbols for stars are simple, and only in two forms, either circles or stars, it can be deduced that it was made from woodcut gores, which is unusual for celestial globes; Schöner is the only manufacturer known to have done so in the period. Extant prints from gores confirm the design is consistent with his work. The globe shows a cock, which should be marked in Latin Gallina, an ancient symbol of France. Nearby is a term, Galacia, sometimes interpreted as a deliberate change to the map and a pun on Gallia, i.e. France. However, comparison with the extant gores shows in fact the label is correct and identifies the Milky Way.

Scholars have often argued that the celestial globe is placed to indicate a particular time and date, which may help understand some of the hidden meanings in the painting. However, an alternative explanation is that the horizon ring is set to 42ºN, 48ºfrom the equator, being the latitude for Rome as understood by contemporaries. It "reflects a sky over Rome", rather than a particular date for the figures' meeting in London. This could be interpreted as an allusion to the Vatican and the "primacy of the Catholic church". Alternatively, the latitude may have been incorrectly set to indicate 48ºN (rather than 48º from the equator), which would indicate Paris or Polisy.

The time of day can be understood from the celestial globe. The "hour circle" runs through the north pole, set for 2 hours 40 minutes post meridiem (2.40pm). The Pegasus constellation is seen immediately below the horizon, and its exact position allows the date to be determined as 12 July. Thus Dekker & Lippincott reject the hypothesis made by North that the date could refer to the horoscope of one of the sitters, as it does not refer to either of their birthdates.

The dials
There are four instruments for telling the time, which would have been identifiably new and expensive, were German made, and appear to be connected with Nicolaus Kratzer.

Scholars have investigated whether the instruments indicate a particular time or day. Each of the time dials has a pointer (gnomon) which should indicate a given time, the interpretation of which is frequently held to have a significance, for instance North claims they and the picture indicate an astrological or occult analysis of Good Friday. It is worth noting however, that the sitters are indoors, and the instruments would not work without direct sunlight, a point which has not been addressed by those speculating on the underlying meanings. However there are in any case significant problems with attempts to identify dates on the objects, which were outlined by Dekker and Lippincott in 1999. Each of the devices convey either ambiguous results, or have aspects that imply that they would not be in a working condition.

The pillar dial or "Shepherd's Dial" is a simple device, designed to be carried. As it calculates the time according to the position of the sun, two dates are possible for any position, as the sun's path moves through the two halves of the year. Thus the gnomon on the pillar dial is set to the either the end of Aries and start of Taurus, or the start of Virgo and end of Leo, giving potential dates of 10 April and 15 August. Dekker and Lippincott reject North's suggestion that the date is set for the vernal equinox. Eric Ives argues that the date is set to 11 May 1533—the day Anne Boleyn was formally accorded the status of "royal" at the court of Henry VIII.

Whether the dial is meant to indicate a particular time is much harder to argue. The shadow is not generated by sunlight, and shows a curvature which is optically impossible, if a "nice visual conceit". Furthermore, to work correctly, the gnomon would have to point directly into the light source, which it does not. Otherwise, the shadow would indicate 9am or 3pm. However, as the shadow is generated in a way that is fundamentally at odds with how the device is meant to work, it seems unlikely that it was meant to indicate a particular time.

The Universal equinoctial dial may have been designed by Kratzer, who was also painted by Holbein, and is associated with other instruments in the painting. The painting shows the plumb line on the left of the device, and two scales for adjusting the device for a particular latitude. However, the dial itself is lying in front, apparently pinned down. A similar arrangement of the same dismantled device can be seen in Holbein's Portrait of Nicolaus Kratzer. One possible reason for this is that dials from different tools can be used to help lay out dials for other tools, so it may imply that it was being used to finish some other time telling device, similar to those shown in the picture.

The horary quadrant was identified by Peter Drinkwater in 1993 as being a straight lined horarium bilimbatum, presented in a disassembled state. Dekker and Lippincott reject North's suggestion that it is a meteoroscope, for trigonometric calculations, on the grounds that it has sights, so must be for observation, rather than a calculation device. A very similar device is sketched in Kratzer's papers, now at Oxford. It is presented lying on its side, with its sights in the wrong place for use, so should be seen as a device at rest. Given the limited detail in the painting, it is not possible to know what at what latitude the quadrant would have been designed to be used.

The Polyhedral sundial is the most remarkable dial in the set. It is displayed with three sides clearly in view, with a gnomon's shadow pointing to values on readable scales on each. Such dials were particularly valued as a way to show the skills of their maker, Kratzer was known to have created several. However, the times indicated by the instrument differs according to the panel. Two show 10.30, but the left panel shows 9.30; the construction of the dial is such that they should all have the same result. In any case, the device should be aligned to the north pole in order to work, but it faces east-west. In any case, the panels show a partially fictitious display, as the values around the dials should not be evenly spaced, but should be more closely grouped together as they reach the narrow end of the device. This is also true for the Polyhedral sundial as shown in the Portrait of Nicolaus Kratzer.

The Torquetum is known from medieval descriptions, and is possibly Arabic in origin. There is dispute over its usage, but it was probably used for planetary observation, to help find the location of a planet, or to verify information recorded in tables. It appears it was used in the period 1450-1500s to locate Halley's Comet, for example, and information about its use began to circulate more widely in the early 1500s in Germany and the Netherlands. Peter Apian published a detailed description in 1533, and it appears this may have been used by Kratzer to build the model depicted. Overall, this appears to be an "indication of first-hand acquaintance with the cutting edge of European scientific thought".

It is possible that the Torquetum indicates the position of a star, planet or comet, but there is insufficient information to know for certain. An ecliptical latitude of approximately 17.5º can be seen on the sighting limb, together with a height over the horizon of circa 7.5º. These values could indicate the position of a star or comet, and Halley's Comet did appear at this location in 1531, two years previously, but this seems "tenuous at best", according to Dekker and Lippincott.

The lute, pipes, hymnal and arithmetic book
These objects, on the lower shelf, are taken together as conveying discord, related to the changes in the Christian church being brought forward through Lutheranism, of which the sitters disapproved. Lutes, like celestial globes, are normally a symbol of harmony, but the lute displayed has a just visible broken string, which is understood as a symbol of discord. The same may apply to the flutes, as one appears to be missing. Behind the lute is a pair of compasses, which can stand for good governance, or alternatively, are associated with Saturn, who is a malignant and chaotic force. On the left of the shelf is Peter Apian's arithmetic book, written for merchants, which is open at the page for "division". Standing in front of the lute is a Lutheran hymnal, turned to readable pages for the traditional Catholic anthems Veni Sancte Spiritus and the Ten Commandments, both translated into German. These are from Johann Walter's 1524 Gestlich Gesangbuchli, published in Wittenburg. The book is however changed, as these did not appear together, and the numbering is incorrect.

History of the painting
The painting probably travelled back to France in 1533 when Dinteville returned home, but it is not documented at Polisy until 1589. It is recorded in Paris in 1653, then owned by Dinteville's descendant, Francois de Cazillac, who had inherited Polisy. Records of the painting next occur in 1716, when it is left in the will of Marie-Renee le Genevois. The painting was sold out of the family in 1787 in Paris, at an auction of Nicholas Beaujon's property following his death, as an additional item owned by his executor, Chretien-Francois II de Lamoignon. It was bought by an art dealer, J-B Lebrun, and was in England by 1792. In 1808 Buchanan sold it to the 2nd Earl of Radnor. It was finally sold in 1890 to the National Gallery.

The painting was found to be in poor condition. The wooden planks that were used for its construction were at some point pulled apart, causing considerable damage to the paintwork. The shape was warped, and curved outwards, causing gaps between the planks, which had been filled in by restorers. Large amounts of varnish had been applied and the curtains were heavily repainted. Work was done to correct the damage, remove restoration work and reapply varnish, which revealed the crucifix and the detail in the medallion worn by Dinteville.

title: The Ambassadors (Holbein)


text:
Talk:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

History
I updated the history to deal with a chronology cit request placed there in 2012. Maybe this has not been dealt with as it was not entirely clear what the request was asking for. However as it was a chronology request I think it likely it was the statement that BSD 4.1c was released "right after" RFC 788. The RFC is dated November 1981 (and already cited in the article). BSD 4.1c was released 1982/1983 which is not "right after" the RFC so I have corrected the sentence and as everything else is cited, I am not sure it needs a citation. If it needs one, it would be the release date of BSD 4.1c. Nevertheless WP:OVERCITE pertains. This is not really controversial enough for a citation now in my opinion, so I boldly removed the chronology cit request after my rewording. If an editor disagrees, I suggest citing the release date of 4.1c BSD would be sufficient to establish chronology. -- Sirfurboy (talk) 19:23, 1 December 2019 (UTC)

Traffic spike in late 2019?
Can anyone explain this?

https://tools.wmflabs.org/pageviews/?project=en.wikipedia.org&platform=all-access&agent=user&start=2019-02&end=2020-01&pages=Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol

A fairly obscure techie article on WP, with no overlap to Hollywood, rappers or the usual traffic drivers, went from small amounts of traffic (a respectable 40,000 / month) to a massive 4 and 12 million in October and November 2019. I've never seen a hundred-fold increase like that, unless someone dies or a new film is announced. Andy Dingley (talk) 17:37, 16 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Interesting! But I don't know what has caused it. Even if it was slashdotted the spike should be nothing like that. It is almost as if a botnet was instructed to fetch the page, yet the question is why anyone would bother doing that. I don't see anything malicious having been edited in. -- Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 23:01, 19 February 2020 (UTC)

Merge Extended SMTP into this article
I propose to merge Extended SMTP into this article for the reasons described on Talk:Extended SMTP. Since I forgot to add the merge tags to the actual article bodies, I'm posting this here now to follow the proper protocol. The original proposal received only one comment ("Agree"). I'm looking forward to any comments on this matter. Thank you. Anton.bersh (talk) 12:21, 2 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Your proposal at Talk:Extended SMTP had unanimous support; you probably had few additional comments because your arguments were sound. Klbrain (talk) 13:38, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 13:05, 17 September 2020 (UTC)

Merge Mail Transfer Protocol into this article
I propose merger of Mail Transfer Protocol (MTP) into this article's History section because:
 * 1. MTP is not notable by itself. I literally could not find sources to add to that article which would talk about MTP but not SMTP.
 * 2. The name MTP existed for at most two years, from 1980 (when it was introduced in RFC 772) through 1981 (RFC 780) until November 1981 (when MTP was effectively renamed into SMTP by RFC 788).
 * 3. The name MTP is obsolete, as stated on Mail Transfer Protocol, and therefore will likely not get much third-party coverage in sources that can be used for that article.

If there are no objections, I can carry out the merge myself. Anton.bersh (talk) 17:48, 14 March 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅ If you object to it, feel free to revert. Please comment how you plan to improve that article. Anton.bersh (talk) 18:02, 19 March 2021 (UTC)

I removed "SMTP transport example" section
I just removed "SMTP transport example" section because I believe it does not fit Wikipedia standards:
 * - it had no third-party sources (OR).
 * - it would not be helpful for an encyclopedia reader. Only a protocol implementer needs detailed command timeout information (a good programmer would refer to actual IETF standards and not Wikipedia).
 * - it appeared as this example was captured from some particular protocol implementation (email client, perhaps) but did not describe which one. This example was not even consistent with RFCs.

If you object to this change, please feel free to revert it. Also, please take a second to comment why you did so and how the section can be improved. Anton.bersh (talk) 18:41, 15 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I will try to revert it after writing this comment.
 * The easier answer for me is the improvement. I am fine with it as it is. As for why I reverted it:
 * - it is a handy source of information for a plain basic, short and simple example for the article. No need to google for such an information. It is here for years. An example that makes the discussion much more concrete, and live. The same role as a picture, diagram and the like, for other articles. It is very helpful for an encyclopedia reader. I still haven't restored it, which is why I am not sure about the timeouts values you mentioned. Where did you see them? A novice programmer might start with such an article, before delving into the actual IETF standards, trying to figure out how they create the current full picture.
 * - as for it without a third-party sources: It is a very basic example. Asking for a third-party sources looks to me a highly excessive demand. It could be that I might be able to have such sources. I might also try to capture an actual conversation from a real world SMTP conversation, showing a very similar conversation to the example. Will you approve that as a source? But why bother? Over the years, how many readers claim the example is wrong?
 * - It is a very basic example. It was not captured from some particular protocol implementation. In which way it is not consistent with the RFCs?
 * 147.161.8.122 (talk) 14:40, 15 April 2021 (UTC)
 * After I reverted the change, I have noticed the example mentions Postfix. Which is a particular implementation. A popular open source one, by the way. Most implementations mentions their names at this place. Partially for self promotion. But partially to help resolve problems. It is just like engineers would ask about exact models. Particular models of a product have strengths and weaknesses. However, if that really bother, one can write another real world product name here, write a faked name, or omit the name. But I haven't checked if the RFCs actually permit an omission.
 * 147.161.8.122 (talk) 15:02, 15 April 2021 (UTC)

Does BDAT makes the Protocol_overview section not accurate? In any case, shouldn't BDAT gets mentioned?
Assuming negotiated, can't BDAT,, fully replace DATA? If so, are Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol, and perhaps other sections of the article, not accurate? In any case, shouldn't BDAT mentioned at least once in the article? 147.161.13.105 (talk) 18:48, 10 June 2021 (UTC)

 * ESMTP and specifically BDAT aren't mandatory, so BDAT cannot replace DATA in general. In practice, 8BITMIME is normally used and has likely displaced adoption of BDAT. CHUNKING is in our list though, if relevant it could be expanded. --Zac67 (talk) 07:03, 11 June 2021 (UTC)

Port 465 and 587
I'm not sure what's incorrect about my edit that was reverted.

As I understand (as explained in Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), server-server communication always uses port 25, while client-server can use port 25, 465 or 587. (Where for client-server communication, port 465 is preferred since .) So anywhere were port 587 is allowed, port 465 is too.

Please let me know if I've got something wrong. -- Lonaowna (talk) 21:42, 1 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Port 465 was intended for the same purpose as port 25, in the MX role ("server-to-server"), just with implicit SSL/TLS. That has been deprecated since.
 * Port 587 is dedicated to the MSA role ("client-to-server") and may or may not use explicit SSL/TLS. They may be used as alternatives in certain scenarios (only when MX and MSA are identical) but that's not a given. Of course, you can build your network and your service any which way you want but then again you could use just about any port. --Zac67 (talk) 07:42, 2 March 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol


text:
Peñaranda, Nueva Ecija

Peñaranda, officially the Municipality of Peñaranda (Bayan ng Peñaranda), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 32,269 people.

It is bordered by municipalities of General Tinio and San Leonardo and the city of Gapan.

The area was originally called Mapisong, and it was a part of the municipality of Gapan. The area was organized into a municipality by José Maria Peñaranda, a Spanish engineer, and subsequently named after him.

Peñaranda was once known for its high quality crop called ikmo, a plant used by older Filipinos as a chewing substance. Recently however, the crop is on the brink of extinction. Rice remains a flourishing farm produce.

In 2012, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the ICHCAP of UNESCO published Pinagmulan: Enumeration from the Philippine Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The first edition of the UNESCO-backed book included Nueva Ecija's Arakyo, signifying its great importance to Philippine intangible cultural heritage. The local government of Nueva Ecija, in cooperation with the NCCA, is given the right to nominate the Arakyo in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.

Barangays
Peñaranda is politically subdivided into 10 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Callos
 * Las Piñas
 * Poblacion I
 * Poblacion II
 * Poblacion III
 * Poblacion IV
 * Santo Tomas
 * Sinasajan
 * San Josef
 * San Mariano (Maugat)

Religion
Majority of the people is Roman Catholic. Other religious groups have churches and places of worship in the municipality.

Economy
Primarily depends on rice & vegetable farming, poultry and piggery.

Culture
Every May, Peñaranda residents stage a musical drama called "Araquio", a re-enactment of Christians' quest led by Queen Helena and King Constantine for the Holy Cross where Jesus Christ was nailed. Actors and actresses garbed in colorful and cute costumes dramatize this century old tradition which features sword fights between the Christians and Moros.

Peñaranda is also known for its mouth-watering, native rice cakes such as espasol, putong puti and sapin-sapin.

Schedule of Barangay Fiesta:

 * Santo Tomas - every First weekend of the month of May
 * Callos - every 5th & 6th day of the month of May
 * Las Piñas - every 11th & 12th day of the month of May
 * San Joseph - every Third weekend of the month of May
 * Sinasajan - every 21st & 22nd day of the month of May
 * Poblacion I-IV (Town Fiesta) - every Last weekend of the month of May
 * San Mariano - (TBA)

Education
Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Peñaranda Off-Campus (Academic Extended Venue) commenced operation in June 2005. This is a joint undertaking of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology and the Local Government Unit of Peñaranda, Nueva Ecija. It was first operated during the term of Former Mayor Felix A. Corpuz. It is located at the vicinity of the Penaranda National High School. The first administrator was Nomereo J. Gaboy, a retired School Principal. Peñaranda Campus is under the administration of Mayor Ferdinand R. Abesamis and Mr. German L. Del Rosario is the Campus Administrator.

title: Peñaranda, Nueva Ecija


text:
Toronto Ferry Company

The Toronto Ferry Company was formed from the merger of the Doty Ferry Company with A.J. Tymon's Island Ferry Company, two of Toronto's early ferry operators to Toronto Islands in 1890. TFC was founded and headed by businessman Lol Solman. The company's ferry license and ships were later acquired by the Toronto Transportation Commission in 1927. On March 17, 2021, The Toronto Ferry Company Inc was registered under the Ontario Business Corporations Act to Michael A. McLaughlin.

A.J. Tymon's Island Ferry Company
Captain Andrew J. Tymon (1844-?) operated a number of ferries from 1880 until the formation of his own service in the mid-1880s. It later merged with John Doty's (1822-1902) Ferry Company to form TFC in 1892.

Vessels included:

 * S.S. Arlington
 * S.S. Prince of Wales
 * S.S. Jessie L. McEdwards (1882)
 * S.S. Theresa (burned 1885)
 * S.S. Gertrude
 * S.S. Island Queen
 * S.S. Truant
 * S.S. Kathleen

His son Joseph Tymon (b. 1873) would become a ferry captain for the Toronto Ferry Company.

John Doty Engine Works
John Doty was a Toronto industrialist born in Lewiston, New York in 1822. He moved his young family to Oakville, Ontario in 1851 where he established the town's first foundry and machine shop. By 1875, he, his wife Louisa Jane and two sons, Fred and Frank, moved to Toronto where John established a machine shop at the Yonge Street Wharf, 2 The Esplanade, with offices nearby at 2 Church Street.

In summer 1886 the Doty Brothers operated a ferry to Hanlan's Point. They also used the "palace steamers" Queen City and Canadian to service High Park and the Humber from York and Brock St wharves.

When the business outgrew the capacity of the premises at the Yonge Street Wharf, John Doty leased "about an acre of ground, with some buildings thereon, at the foot of Bathurst Street on the west side, and removed his works to that place in 1881." This was the former site of Dickey, Neill & Company's Soho Foundry.

In addition, The John Doty Engine Works operated a shipyard on the waterfront and established The Doty Ferry Company in 1887 with the purchase of vessels belonging to the Turner Ferry Company to provide a ferry service to the Toronto Island. In 1890, they built sister ships the Mayflower (a nod to the fact that John was a seventh generation descendant of Edward Doty who came over on the Mayflower in 1620) and the Primrose. The two sisters cost $33,000 each to construct and incorporated the latest conveniences and improvements, including electric lights.

In 1888, the Dotys were forced to find a new location for their business when the owner of the property wanted to take over the site. "In 1889, they purchased land on the east side of Bathurst Street between Niagara and Front where they constructed a state-of-the-art plant tailored to their manufacturing needs and purchased a considerable amount of new equipment. The plant started operations in 1891 and was the largest works of its kind in Canada, specializing in the design and manufacturing of marine engines, boilers, and complete vessels, with offices and supply depots at Winnipeg and Vancouver. Doty equipment was very extensively used in the development of the Canadian North West."

Coinciding with the move to the new plant in 1890, was the sale of the Doty Ferry Company to the Toronto Ferry Company, which was incorporated as a joint stock company with financier E.B. Osler as president and Lawrence Soloman as general manager.

John Doty became a shareholder, and the vessels belonging to the Doty Ferry Company were purchased as part of the venture. The Island Park Ferry Company and most of the other vessels in the city's ferry boat business were also acquired, giving the Toronto Ferry Company a virtual monopoly on hauling the public to and from the Island. It was reported that "six of the ferries were built by The John Doty Engine Works."

That same year, The John Doty Engine Company of Toronto (Limited) was organized. The company's officers were: John Doty, President; Daniel Hunter, Vice-President; Franklin H. Doty, General Manager; Frederic W. Doty, Secretary-Treasurer; John Walsh, Assistant Secretary-Treasurer. The following year, at the age of 70, John Doty retired from his business.

Then, on the cusp of achieving so much, there was a downturn in the market. "The compulsory move of the plant in 1891 caused a substantial strain on the company's capital and credit. The financial panic of 1892 caused the Company to go into receivership. It was taken over by the Bertram interests."

The family was forced to sell the John Doty Engine Works to their creditors, Bertram & Co. An announcement in the Globe stated that Bertram would carry on business under the good name of the "Doty Engine Works." The facility operated until 1905 under George and John Bertram as the Bertram Engine Works.

John's sons, Fred and Frank stayed on as managers for a time. This was when they built their hydraulic sand pump, a piece of equipment they would later use under contract to the City for the dredging of the Toronto Harbour.

In 1901, at the age of 79, John Doty was living with his son Fred and family in Goderich, Ontario, where Fred had established the Doty Engine Works of Goderich. Soon after, he moved back to Toronto, boarding at the home of Robert Thomas, an engineer living at 97 Ossington Avenue and employed at the Bertram Engine Works, the new owners of the factory built by John Doty. This would be his last place of residence. On 1 October 1902, at the age of eighty, he died "of the ill health incident to his advanced years."

A list of engines built by John Doty:

 * high-pressure steam engine for screw steamer Mascotte 1886
 * steam engine for screw steamer Jessie L. McEdwards 1876
 * engine for steamer Luella 1876
 * engine for steamer Sadie 1885
 * ferry and engines - Mayflower and Primrose 1890
 * two secondhand Doty compound steam engines would be installed in RMS Segwun during a 1925 conversion

Docks

 * Doty Ferry Company docks at Hanlan's Point
 * Bay Street Ferry docks (one block west of today's Jack Layton Ferry Terminal)

Fleet
A list of ships operated by the Toronto Ferry Company:

title: Toronto Ferry Company


text: User talk:172.151.17.197

title: User talk:172.151.17.197


text:
Independence War 2: Edge of Chaos

Independence War 2: Edge of Chaos (sometimes called Independence War 2: The Edge of Chaos), released as Edge of Chaos: Independence War 2 in Europe, is a sequel to the space combat simulator video game Independence War (also known as I-War in Europe). Developed by Particle Systems - the developers of the first game - and published by Infogrames, the game was released in 2001. It was nominated for an interactive BAFTA award for its soundtrack which was composed by Christopher Mann.

Plot
Edge of Chaos is set in the 24th century, 100 years after the first game, in an isolated part of space called the Badlands Cluster. The star cluster is far removed from Earth, the Core Systems, and their central governing body, the New Alliance; also, the Alliance government was in a state of near-collapse due to corruption and massive overspending. As a result, huge corporations step in to take control, and they rule quite tyrannically.

The game begins with a CGI video showing the murder of 12-year-old Cal Johnston's father by industrial heir Caleb Maas. The player then assumes the role of young Cal as he is instructed in space ship piloting by the digitized personality of Commonwealth Navy captain Jefferson Clay, a character familiar from the original I-War. After getting used to basics of space flight, Clay guides Cal to the base of his space pirating grandmother. After some more practice missions, Cal encounters the infamous Caleb Maas. Trying to avenge his father, Cal ends up in prison instead. The story then fast-forwards 15 years showing a now-adult Cal Johnston with some of his fellow inmates escaping the prison space station, where the core gameplay begins.

Upon returning to his grandmother's base, Cal begins to set up his own piracy organization. Other groups in Hoffer's Wake begin to notice his work, and as he advances in fame and fortune he learns more about the current situation affecting the Badlands. For a long time, a group called the Marauders have been attacking at random—essentially terrorizing the people of the Cluster. Despite numerous attempts to run them down, the Badlands government and gangs have had no luck in stopping the attacks: the Marauders don't seem weakened even by major losses, and they don't seem to have any single base of operations.

The player is soon given access to other systems in the Cluster, with the assignment to find help fighting the Marauders in Hoffer's Wake. Most are only too happy to lend ships, supplies, and personnel once their own Marauder problems are taken care of, and the Marauders are successfully driven from Hoffer's Wake before long. However even that loss didn't slow them down, and further investigation on Cal's part reveals that they have been maintaining their primary base in the Dante system, long abandoned and thought uninhabitable after the unstable binary star flooded the system with radiation and cut it off from outside travel. The Rebel Fleet, now very large and well-organized, mounts a successful assault—only to be nearly destroyed anyway when the Marauders receive help from the Maas Corporation, who started the Marauders to "keep you peasants in line."

The Rebels can't hope to directly match Maas's forces, so they fall back and try to think of alternative strategies. They conclude that the most effective action would be to find help outside of the Badlands, so they attack and secure the Santa Romera Jump Accelerator, a highly advanced piece of technology that allows travel over significantly longer distances than even Lagrange points. Cal arrives in the Fomalhaut system in the Gagarin Cluster to find much the same situation as in the Badlands: oppressive corporate rule, roving Marauders, and a desperate need for assistance.

After working for a while, Cal receives a seemingly innocuous mission in which he is sent to spy on a number of corporate cruisers in the Gagarin Cluster. The story takes a sharp turn when, against Caleb Maas's wishes, corporate scientists activate an alien artifact that Cal himself stole for them, thinking to use it as some sort of weapon. The device goes out of control and begins to emit glowing red alien ships that eat (and thus destroy) any advanced power sources (such as ships) in their path; within days, the entire Gagarin Cluster is overrun. Cal and the fleet hold the aliens back from the Fomalhaut Jump Accelerator as refugees escape, then dash through at the last second and destroy the Accelerator, effectively isolating the Badlands indefinitely from the rest of human civilization. Cal remarks that they are safe from the aliens, but he's not sure about human civilization elsewhere.

The gameplay is a mix of free movement in space and missions. In free play, Cal can act independently, move throughout the Hoffer's Wake system and eventually the entire Badlands Cluster, and steal cargo. Game missions allow the player to gain new weapons and ships, and contribute to the rebellions against the corporations that control the Badlands.

Development
The technological improvements over the first game included support for Direct3D compatible hardware accelerated 3D graphics, network multiplay and a new user interface. Edge of Chaos gave a nod to Elite style gameplay by adding free roaming piracy to the Independence War games' universe. The familiar Newtonian mechanics obeying flight model with a flight computer assistance was retained, although combat was somewhat simplified and made more accessible to the player.

Edge of Chaos was initially developed for Windows-based PCs, PlayStation, Nintendo 64 and Dreamcast, but the PlayStation, Nintendo 64 and Dreamcast versions were cancelled. The dual platform development affected some design decisions. Most of the ship's function interface was made navigable through a joystick hat control, but on the negative side, partly due to being designed for a game console without a hard disk, game progress could only be saved between missions, in the home base.

A browser-based game, Edge of Chaos Online, was created as part of the marketing campaign in late 2001.

On July 6, 2010, GOG.com re-released the game digitally.

Reception
The game received favorable reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. John Lee of NextGen said of the game, "Only a too-accurate space flight model mars this otherwise compelling space Western."

The game was a nominee for Computer Gaming World's 2001 "Best Simulation Game" award, which ultimately went to IL-2 Sturmovik. It was also a runner-up for the "Best Game No One Played" award at GameSpot's Best and Worst of 2001 Awards, which went to Clive Barker's Undying.

The game was a critical, but not financial, success, contributing to the eventual acquisition of developers Particle Systems by Argonaut Games, which changed the team name to Argonaut Sheffield.

title: Independence War 2: Edge of Chaos


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Revista Tropico

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 01:06, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Revista Tropico
Seems like websitecruft or advertising to me. <200 hits. --Xcali 04:24, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pointless. What next? An article describing the article about the minor website? --Ian Pitchford 10:39, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete website advertising. JamesBurns 10:49, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 10:53, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Wikipedia is not a web guide. Geogre 16:50, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ad. --Etacar11 18:20, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Deleted "", it might be also a good idea to delete  (deleted from WP:PT as vanity page). -- Get It 21:02, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User:MyNameIsNotBob/tenhalfchap

Question One
The title of Barnes novel, A History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters is a play on Sir Walter Raleigh's The History of the World, except Barnes' title uses an indefinite term. The second part of the title highlights the absurdity of having such a short book on such a large topic as well as drawing attention to the "1/2" chapter, labeled "Parenthesis" in which the author changes voice.

Question Two
Barnes does not subscribe to a providential interpretation of history. His is merely a history among many possible histories of the world.

Question Three
Bricolage and this novel The strategy that probably most distinguishes this book from the rest of his fictional work is its use of fragmented episodes from the history of the world, its use of what Lévi-Strauss has called bricolage. Asked in what sense his book, A History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters, was not just a book of short stories, Barnes replied: "Well, it was conceived as a whole and executed as a whole. Things in it thicken and deepen" (Cook 12). The question that needs asking, then, are whether and how this book generates discursive meaning(s) over the totality of its very different chapters. Are some of its meanings produced by the sum of its multiple texts? Is there a shape, a beginning and end to this book? Does it qualify as what Frank Kermode has called one of those fictions "whose ends are consonant with origins, and in concord, however unexpected, with their precedents," fictions which "satisfy our needs" by giving significance to our lives, seeing that we live our whole lifetime in the midst of things (Sense 5, 7)? Equally does it live up to Barnes' own dictum that "art is the stuff you finally understand, and life, perhaps, is the stuff you finally can't understand" (McGrath 23)?

title: User:MyNameIsNotBob/tenhalfchap


text:
Tower station (Minnesota)

Tower station, often called the Tower Passenger Depot, is a former passenger railroad depot in Tower, Minnesota, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1916 by the Duluth and Iron Range Railroad, it provided passenger train service until 1951. It operates as the Tower-Soudan Historical Society Center museum.

History
The first railroad line to Tower was built by the Duluth and Iron Range Railroad (D&IR) and completed in 1884. The Soudan Mine had opened the previous year, necessitating the construction of a rail line to transport ore. The first railroad depot in Tower was then built sometime before 1886; while shown on maps as a passenger depot, it was effectively a freight depot.

Beginning about 1908, D&IR began heavily promoting tourism in the Lake Vermilion area. The depot's freight-oriented design and poor location for travelers spurred the construction of a new passenger station, which was announced in February 1916. Residents of eastern Tower protested its planned western site in favor of a more central location, but the request was rejected. The passenger depot was designed by William H. Beyrer and built by contractor George Spurbeck at a cost of $10,000. Construction finished later in 1916 and the first train arrived the morning of November 25, 1916.

In the 1930s and 1940s, train travel began to decline in favor of the automobile. Increased automobile ownership and improved roads opened up tourism throughout the state, lessening the special position of Lake Vermillion. Automobile associations were also able to promote tourism more successfully than D&IR. Passenger service to the Tower depot discontinued in 1951 because of reduced ridership, and freight service to Tower ceased in 1962 with the closing of the Soudan Mine. D&IR donated the depot in 1966 to the City of Tower. It later opened as the Tower-Soudan Historical Society Center, a museum of local history. The station was nominated for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion A for its significance in tourism and transportation; it was listed on June 14, 2013 as the Duluth and Iron Range Railroad Company Passenger Station.

Design and setting
The wood frame structure is one-and-a-half stories tall, occupying a footprint approximately 23.5 by oriented northwest to southeast. The exterior is covered in clapboard from the ground to about 4 ft, above which is stucco. The asphalt roof is shallow, with a complex hipped design and a 5 ft overhang. Structural fatigue has resulted in sagging of the eaves, prompting the addition of six 4 by posts for support at the edge of the roof.

On the northwest face is a sign that reads TOWER in block letters, affixed at the edge of the roof.

To the southwest along the loading platform is a remnant of railroad track. The track holds D&IR 218 (later DM&IR 1218), a K class 2-8-0 steam locomotive and its tender, two train cars, and a caboose. A canopy built in 2008 shelters the locomotive and the passenger car. The canopy was fitted with solar panels in 2012 to provide electricity to the railroad cars and depot. To the west of the locomotive, beyond the boundary of the depot site, is a 1901 monument to President William McKinley made of sheet metal.

title: Tower station (Minnesota)


text:
Ryall, Worcestershire

Ryall is a village in the south of Worcestershire, England, on the east bank of the River Severn, near Upton-upon-Severn on the opposite bank.

The village is located on the A38 road that runs roughly parallel to the River Severn, on its Tewkesbury to Kempsey stretch, and on the A4104, which crosses the Severn at Upton.

The part of the village by the A38 is called The Grove, and includes the Blue Bell public house. The part along the A4104 is called Holly Green.

title: Ryall, Worcestershire


text:
Pertuis

Pertuis (Pertús) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Located south of the Luberon, this town is also near Aix-en-Provence, a famous town. Pertuis has existed since at least 981, while a castle was first built in the 12th century.

Population
Pertuis has registered significant population growth since the 1960s, with a threefold increase during this period.

International relations
Pertuis is twinned with:
 * 🏴 Alton, Hampshire, England
 * 🇩🇪 Herborn, Hesse, Germany
 * 🇮🇹 Este, Veneto, Italy
 * 🇪🇸 Utiel, Spain

Notable people from Pertuis

 * Henry de Saint Didier (16th century), fencer and author of the first French book on fencing (1573)
 * Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau (1715–1789), economist
 * Michèle Torr (1947-), singer
 * Cyril Rool (1975-), footballer
 * Malick Bowens (1941-2017), actor

title: Pertuis


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Falcon Kirtaran.10

Falcon Kirtaran
final (2/6/0) ending 04:25 21 June 2005 (UTC)

 * I would like to nominate myself for adminship (although I failed this vote some time ago). According to Kate's tool, I have 1017 edits.  I would like the adminship for RC patrol, primarily, which I am beginning to do more of now.  I have been a proud Wikipedian since March 12th, 2004. Falcon 04:26, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) You could probably do with more interaction but I don't see why you shouldn't be an admin. Grace Note 06:49, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) I voted Support back in July; I'm glad I stopped by here so I can vote Support again. Falcon is a great user, and his work on the Dewey Decimal System is profoundly appreciated. Generally, I don't support people with less than 1200 edits; however, I believe Falcon is good enough to be an administrator. --Lst27  ( t a l k )  01:27, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Not enough experience. Been around a long time, but a sampling of edits shows nearly all to be minor. Userpage shows a general lack of maturity (having nothing to do with age), as does editing pattern on Vampire lifestyle. Of course, keep up the good you do, but I'm not sure you need admin rights to do any of it. - Taxman Talk 12:41, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Needs some more seasoning and a sustained effort. Editing has been very sparse since the last adminship self-nom a year ago: very quiet, then nearly four hundred edits in the last week.  (With respect to those, it would be helpful if Falcon made more use of the minor edit flag.)  More examples of interaction with editors would also help. I quite like the work on Dewey Decimal System. --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 15:45, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * If one was to look behind the edits regarding WikiProject Punctuation, they would find a number of non-minor edits. I suppose I should use the minor flag a bit more, though.  Falcon 17:31, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. I'd be inclined to support after a bit more sustained participation.  What prompted the long absence, and why this rush for adminship now? --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 20:09, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The long absence was prompted by a number of combined factors, primarily building a laptop in linux (which is highly tedious) and school being extremely demanding as it always is at that time in this province. I guess I don't really see it as a rush, myself, as I've been editing quite heavily since June 10th and fully intend to continue doing so.  Falcon 21:37, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, the impatience of youth. The tenth was just four days ago, remember? ;-) I'm not expecting a hundred edits per day forever, but I'd like to see a sustained commitment of at least a few edits per day for a couple of months. --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 02:28, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) I'm afraid I'm going to have to vote oppose. Besides not having much user interaction (a must for an admin), I feel like the way he discussed the Vampire lifestyle with another Wikipedian was somewhat inappropriate. Though I'm not saying which side was right, the inability to come to a civil compromise worries me. However, I do' believe that you (Falcon) are (is) a dedicated Wikipedian- keep up your good work, especially in the Dewey Decimal System! Given a few months and more interaction with the community, I'd be happy to support your adminship. Thanks! :) Flcelloguy 19:37, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) *I did try to come to a civil compromise by repeatedly asking the user to provide some kind of example, however he replies each time by saying that the article is generally garbage or should be deleted, then reinstating a cleanup flag. I personally felt that the incident was blatant abuse of the cleanup tag in order to discredit an article, or perhaps from bitterness that he was unable to have it deleted.  In any case, I have not found one instance of DreamGuy coming to any kind of compromise whatsoever.  The editor appears to be invloved in a similar debate (albiet contradictory in behaviour to that in Vampire lifestyle) with respect to Succubus.  There, an admin was forced to protect the page because of his failure to communicate effectively.  Falcon 21:37, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Voting oppose for now; I think you can become a great user, but you're not to the point yet where admin privileges are necessary. ral  315  04:54, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 07:37, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Because Boothy443 has opposed every adminship request on this page without reason, I have left him a polite comment/suggestion on his user talk page that he either provide reasons for his opposition or withdraw his votes. Flcelloguy [[Image:Bass clef2.gif|25px|Cello today?]] Give me a note! Eighth note (crop).gif Desk  21:33, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 80.5.160.5 19:15, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: What is the Wikipolicy regarding anon users voting? Thanks! Flcelloguy [[Image:Bass clef2.gif|25px|Cello today?]] Give me a note!  Eighth note (crop).gif Desk 21:11, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It's in the fine print up at the top: Anonymous users cannot be nominated, nominate others, or vote. They are allowed to comment. I have stricken the anonymous vote, though the anon editor is more than welcome to comment on this—or any other—candidate. --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 22:05, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose. Lacks the edits to be administrator, and in my opinion an admin should have more than 1,100 edits in a year. Could be a good user, but needs to interact more I think. Hedley 22:41, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Just for my own personal curiosity, what precicely is meant by communication, and in which cases should it have existed where it did not? Falcon 03:53, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Neutral

Comments
 * By the way, putting in a link to your previous failed nomination is a good idea. Grace Note 06:50, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Falcon's description of his spat with DreamGuy over Vampire lifestyle "a little while ago" may suggest that all is well now. It isn't: the two of them were arguing over it (on that talk page) as recently as 11 June, and inconclusively. Falcon is of course entitled to talk of his vigilance against "mass information removal" from that page, but others (including myself) regard at least some of this material as unverified, irrelevant to the ostensible subject, or both. Incidentally, his instruction of 11 June on Talk:Vampire lifestyle/Archive01, "Please add new archivals to Talk:Foo/Archive02", is a goof that anybody (or certainly I) could make, but it's strange still to see this on 14 June, even after Falcon brings up that article's talk page in an answer here. -- Hoary 07:39, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * I only consider that the reversions are in the past. The dispute appears to have moved on to a different topic, regarding the inclusion or exclusion of information (in which I am not being involved in a reversion war).  Falcon 21:57, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Now I'm confused. I thought you were happy with the way you'd been "watching of a page that needs watching (mainly from vandalism and mass information removal" (see below). On 13 June, The Anome removed a lot, describing this edit as "a major trimdown, to try to get rid of repetition and twaddle, whilst still leaving the basic meaning there"; a little later (but well before your comment to which I am hereby replying), you put it back, describing this edit as "Revert massive deletion of useful information (food), and add changes from later edits." So it seems that you're still arguing over the page (if not with DreamGuy as your opponent), and, in your eyes, defending it against "mass information removal". NB although you seem to be in a series of skirmishes over the page with The Anome and although I tend to agree with him/her rather than you, I'm sure that you're acting in good faith and I don't want to use this as a place to censure your edits. No, what worries me a bit is what seems to me your slight difficulty in explaining clearly what you have been doing. An admin does have to explain his or her actions (e.g. deletion at the end of a VfD process) to other users. If these people are disgruntled about those actions, as happens, they're quite likely to seize on the smallest inconsistency or vagueness, leading to tiresome "arguments" (series of accusations) and the need for another admin to step in. -- Hoary 03:23, 2005 Jun 15 (UTC)
 * I think I've explained very clearly what I have been doing. And now that I have determined that The Anome is not simply being hostile to the page for whatever reason and is actually acting in good faith and intelligently, I have refrained from reverting the page and declared everything on the talkpage.  Also, the more major things I do I am inclined to explain much better than what is more or less a revert of some form of vandalism.  Also, I tend to wait for consensus before doing such things (like my actions with regard to Dewey Decimal System.  Falcon 06:24, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. I would participate in things like speedy deletions, VfD occasonally, and RC patrol, along with anything else that gets called to my attention which I am allowed to perform.  I will not under any circumstance use adminship as leverage in a conflict.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. I am particularily happy with my contribution to the Dewey Decimal classification and Vampire lifestyle.  My liking of the former is due to the fact that if nobody does it, which nobody was for over six months, it simply will not get done, but it may yet flourish.  The latter is due to my watching of a page that needs watching (mainly from vandalism and mass information removal) and the article's length.  One day, I hope to get it featured.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
 * A. I got into a small scuffle about Vampire lifestyle with User:DreamGuy a little while ago.  The reason for this was his insistance on a cleanup tag when neither I nor anybody else (including him) were able to find anything severely wrong with the page.  When questioned about it, he replied with a more or less stock answer.  That was the cause of much of my stress.  I dealt with it by continuing to ask him for reasons and waiting for a third opinion or editor.  This article has caused me a few conflicts, but that is to be expected under such a controversial topic.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


text:
User talk:Lee D

lee is gAY

Perhaps he is cheerful, but regardless, you must cease inserting vandalism or you will be blocked from editing. El_C 02:13, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. -- 02:35, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC) - You have been temporarily blocked from editing for vandalism of Wikipedia. Please note that page blanking, addition of random text or spam, deliberate misinformation, privacy violations, and repeated and blatant violation of WP:NPOV are considered vandalism. If you wish to make useful contributions, you may come back after the block expires. 13:28, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Semi-automated template substitution

 * This page was modified to semi-automatically substitute templates using Pathoschild's template list. // Tawker 11:08, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * templates substituted by a bot as per Template substitution Pegasusbot 06:15, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lee D


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mike MacDowel

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. — Xezbeth 12:15, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

Mike MacDowel
non-notable XmarkX 04:27, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 10:53, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Wha? He rode around a track.  Perhaps, if that particular race has an entry within the article on that year's F1 season, he would be in the "also raced" section, but I doubt it. Geogre 16:51, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn, doesn't merit his own article. --Etacar11 18:28, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Formula One driver. One race, Rouen, 1957, nul points. He gets an entry. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:42, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand - There's more to be said about him, a google test picks up 13,000 results and there are relatively few formula 1 drivers around, it's quite an elite sport. -- Joolz 19:58, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. — Dan | Talk 00:49, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Same as any other F1 driver.  Elite sportsperson, even if his career was only one race.  Quale 06:05, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Contesting even a single Grand Prix is notable. Not many people have done that. Pburka 00:04, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Agree with the above reasons. --Andylkl (talk) 12:33, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Moonlight Mask

Moonlight Mask (月光仮面), a.k.a. Moonbeam Man, is a superhero appearing in Japanese tokusatsu and anime television shows and movies since his TV debut in 1958. The six theatrical films were made (between 1958–1959) in black and white/ToeiScope format. Created by writer Kōhan Kawauchi, Moonlight Mask is best described as Japan's answer to The Lone Ranger, Batman and Zorro.

Moonlight Mask's popularity resulted in the appearance of several other Japanese superhero characters soon thereafter, including Iron Sharp a.k.a. Space Chief (from 1961's Invasion of the Neptune Men). and the Planet Prince TV series (1958) Kawauchi followed-up the success of Moonlight Mask with the tokusatsu superhero shows Seven Color Mask (1959) and Messenger of Allah (1960), both starring a young Sonny Chiba.

Japan's first TV superhero
Whereas Super Giant (Starman) is Japan's first celluloid superhero, debuting in movies in 1957, it was Moonlight Mask (Gekko Kamen) who set the standard as Japan's first live-action TV superhero, and was a huge success with children. Television was new in Japan, so many children who did not have a TV set were gathered around to watch it at a friend's or neighbor's house. Children also bought toy capes, sunglasses, masks and pistols, and played Moonlight Mask in schoolyards and backyards (but as with every children's superhero, Japanese or American, Moonlight Mask was not without liability casualties; see Liability issues and cancellation below).

Identity
Moonlight Mask's identity has always been a mystery (which is why the Moonlight Mask persona is credited as being played by "?" in the original series).

Decked out in white tights, a white and red cape, a white scarf, yellow gloves & boots, dark glasses, a cloth face mask and Indian-style turban (pinned with a "moon" ornament), Moonlight Mask is armed with a whip, two six-shooters, shuriken and moon-shaped boomerangs, and rides a motorcycle.

However, only audiences know that Moonlight Mask could very well be detective Jūrō Iwai (祝 十郎), who seems to disappear from his friends just before the caped crusader rides to the rescue on his motorcycle! Even his comical assistant Gorohachi Fukuro (袋 五郎八), his friend Inspector Matsuda, and children Shigeru, Kaboko and Fujiko are oblivious to Iwai's secret identity.

The original 1958 TV series
The original B&W Moonlight Mask (月光仮面) tokusatsu TV drama series, produced by the advertising agency Senkosha, was aired on KRTV (now TBS) from February 24, 1958 to July 5, 1959, with a total of 130 episodes, the series being divided into five story arcs (or chapters). Jūrō Iwai/Moonlight Mask was played by Koichi Ose.

TV series story arcs

 * Skull Mask (どくろ仮面 - Dokuro Kamen) - Episodes 1-71, 71 episodes (broadcast from February 24, 1958 – May 17, 1958)
 * The Secret of the Paradai Kingdom (パラダイ王国の秘密 - Paradai Ōkoku no Himitsu) - Episodes 73-93, 21 episodes (May 25, 1958 – October 12, 1958)
 * Mammoth Kong (マンモスコング - Manmosu Kongu) - Episodes 94-104, 11 episodes (October 19, 1958 – December 26, 1958) features TV's first daikaiju, Mammoth Kong.
 * The Ghost Party Strikes Back (幽霊党の逆襲 - Yureitō no Gyakushū) - Episodes 105-117, 13 episodes (January 4, 1959 – March 29, 1959)
 * Don't Turn Your Hand to Revenge (その復讐に手を出すな - Sono Fukushū ni Te wo Dasu na) - Episodes 118-131, 14 episodes (April 5, 1959 – July 5, 1959)

The six theatrical movies (1958–1959)
To coincide with the Nippon Gendai/Senkosha TV series, Toei Films produced six Moonlight Mask theatrical movies screened in theaters from 1958 to 1959. This was Toei's first involvement in the tokusatsu superhero genre. All six movies are feature adaptations of the TV show's popular story arcs, and were filmed in "ToeiScope" (2.35:1). Three movies were released in 1958, and three in 1959. In these six movie versions, Jūrō Iwai/Moonlight Mask was played by Fumitake Omura.

 * Moonlight Mask (月光仮面 - Gekkō Kamen) July 30, 1958; Directed by Tsuneo Kobayashi
 * Moonlight Mask - Duel to the Death in Dangerous Waters (月光仮面 - 絶海の死斗 - Gekkō Kamen - Zekkai no Shitō) August 6, 1958; Directed by Tsuneo Kobayashi
 * Moonlight Mask - The Claws of Satan (月光仮面 - 魔人〈サタン〉の爪 - Gekkō Kamen - Satan no Tsume) December 22, 1958; Directed by Eijiro Wakabayashi
 * Moonlight Mask - The Monster Kong (月光仮面 - 怪獣コング - Gekkō Kamen - Kaijū Kongu) a.k.a. The Monster Gorilla; April 1, 1959; Directed by Satoru Ainoda
 * Moonlight Mask - The Ghost Party Strikes Back (月光仮面 - 幽霊党の逆襲 - Gekkō Kamen - Yureitō no Gyakushū) a.k.a. The Challenging Ghost; July 28, 1959; Directed by Shoichi Shimazu
 * Moonlight Mask - The Last of the Devil (月光仮面 - 悪魔の最後 - Gekkō Kamen - Akuma no Saigo) a.k.a. The Last Death of the Devil; August 4, 1959, Directed by Shoichi Shimazu

Manga adaptation
A few months after the show first aired, a manga (comic book) tie-in was commissioned. There were different artists drawing the manga, the majority of which was done by young artist Jiro Kuwata, who would later become the co-creator of 8 Man.

Liability issues and cancellation
Children watching superhero shows sometimes attempted to imitate the hero's dangerous feats, and Moonlight Mask was no exception. Because a boy in Japan jumped to his death imitating Moonlight Mask's dangerous stunts, the show was cancelled on July 5, 1959, following the ending of the final story arc, Don't Turn Your Hand to Revenge. Toei's movies, however, continued to appear in theaters well into August 1959. Moonlight Mask made a return to Japanese TV 13 years later.

The 1972 anime series
The anime adaptation Seigi wo Ai Suru Mono – Gekkō Kamen (正義を愛する者 - 月光仮面), translated as The One Who Loves Justice: Moonlight Mask, was produced by Knack, and aired on Nippon Television from January 10, 1972 to October 2, 1972, with a total of 39 episodes (divided into three story arcs or chapters). The show also became very popular in Latin America under the title Centella. Japanese voice actor Michihiro Ikemizu provided the voice of Jūrō Iwai/Moonlight Mask. The hero now wears an open face helmet instead of a turban, and his cape has an ornament with the scarf attached.

Anime chapters

 * The Claw of Satan Series (Episodes 1-13)
 * The Mammoth Kong Series (Episodes 14-26)
 * The Dragon's Fang Series (Episodes 27-39)

The 1981 movie
The tokusatsu movie Moonlight Mask (月光仮面), produced by Purumie International/Herald Enterprises and distributed by Nippon Herald Pictures, was released theatrically on March 14, 1981. Considered Japan's answer to the American box office fiasco, The Legend of the Lone Ranger (released the same year), this updated version of the Moonlight Mask legend also bombed at the Japanese box office. Daisuke Kuwahara (who, like Klinton Spilsbury, disappeared from doing films) played George Owara (Moonlight Mask's new alter-ego), and the rest of the cast made up of veteran action starlet Etsuko Shihomi, Daijiro Harada and Takayuki Godai, with none of the original characters turning up. The movie was directed and co-written by Yukihiro Sawada.

The 1999 gag-anime series
The gag-anime series We Know You, Moonlight Mask-kun! (ごぞんじ!月光仮面くん - Gozonji! Gekkô Kamen-kun), a very comical take on the famous masked hero, was produced by Tokyo Movie Shinsha, animated by Actas, and broadcast on TV Tokyo from October 3, 1999 to March 26, 2000, with a total of 25 episodes. The opening theme song is an updated version of the original theme song, and is sung by COA.

Kekkō Kamen
Prolific manga artist Go Nagai made a very raunchy parody of Moonlight Mask, titled Kekkō Kamen (けっこう仮面 - Kekkō Kamen, roughly translated as "Splendid Mask"), a pun on Gekkō Kamen (Moonlight Mask's Japanese name). The manga depicts the adventures of a young superheroine who wears a red mask, scarf, an occasional cape, gloves, boots and nothing else. She has various weapons like nunchaku and a feather on her mask.

Moonlight Knight
In the anime Sailor Moon, the character Mamoru Chiba appears in the Makaiju arc as the "Moonlight Knight" dressed in a white costume and turban similar to that of Moonlight Mask.

Sexy Commando Gaiden: Sugoiyo Masaru-san
In the anime Sexy Commando Gaiden: Sugoiyo Masaru-san, Yoroshiku Kamen and his various previous reincarnations (Bye-bye Kamen, Aisatsu Kamen, etc.) all parody Gekkou Kamen and his appeal to children.

Spectreman
In episode 42, Spectreman faces a mysterious new villain called Solar Mask, a reversed parody of Moonlight Mask whose looks greatly resemble the original hero.

Yo-Kai Watch
The second entry of the Yo-Kai Watch video game series produced by Level-5 features an in-universe fictional character called "Guts Kamen", or "Moximous Mask" in the English translation, who is modeled after Showa period superheroes in general, and Moonlight Mask in particular.

My neighbors the Yamadas
in the movie My Neighbors the Yamadas, Takashi Yamada (the father) imagine chasing cartoon-like mobsters as the moonlight mask for saving his children from them, after that the neighborhood of the Yamadas have been disturbed by bikers. During this scene, we can hear the opening of the live-action series.

title: Moonlight Mask


text:
Police Tactical Unit (Singapore)

The Police Tactical Unit (PTU) is a paramilitary specialist unit of the Singapore Police Force and comes under the direct command of the Special Operations Command. Based in Queenstown, it is the main anti-rioting and disaster-management unit of the police force. They are also called upon to handle cases of serious crime in progress, particularly cases involving firearms. From 2004, PTU officers also presented greater public prominence when they conducted patrols in public areas, such as at Orchard Road, Holland Village and Serangoon Gardens Estate, partly as a response to greater terrorism concerns.

Early Days
The PTU traces its history back to the early 1950s, when the Maria Hertogh riots demonstrated the incapability of existing law enforcement measures to contain situations of mass rioting and other disturbances to public peace. Hence, in 1952, the first Riot Squad was formed with 60 junior officers deliberately chosen from a wide range of ethnic backgrounds, and who had been screened to ensure no relations to any political party or faction. These officers underwent rigorous (military) training conducted by Colonel J.F. Fairbairn, who was formerly the Assistant Commissioner of the Shanghai Municipal Police Armed Reserve.

These officers formed the first riot control squad, which became operational in December 1952 as the Reserve Unit (RU). Their responsibilities included crowd control, riot control, and the provision of assistance during natural calamities such as fires and floods, thus, three specially-trained squads were formed.

In 1953, the squad was reorganised into 3 troops of 50 men each, and renamed the Police Reserve Unit (PRU), with PRU 1 stationed at Mount Vernon Camp, PRU 2 at Queensway Base and PRU 3 at Jalan Bahar Camp. The unit would later come to be known as the Police Task Force (PTF) following the merger of all three Reserved Units and would be permanently based at Queensway Base.

Modern Times

In response to increasingly complicated and multi-faceted public safety and security requirements in contemporary environments, the PTF underwent another major review in 2003, this time with upgraded weaponry and vehicles, a change to their tactical uniforms in 2005, and the renaming of the unit as the Police Tactical Unit (PTU).

Wong Kan Seng, Deputy Prime Minister and Home Affairs Minister, oversaw the acquisition of the PETRA (Patrol, Escort, Tactical Response Van) vehicles alongside Police Tactical Squad (PTS) and Troop Tactical Vehicle (TTV) vans for the use of the PTU alongside the rest of the SOC in 2006, just in time for the IMF World Bank Summit in Singapore. The first two vans resemble Ford Transit Vans.

The unit is currently conducting counter-terrorist duties such as security duties in order to deter terrorist threats in Singapore alongside other police units.

The PTU also has a few sub-units; Armed Strike Teams and its National Servicemen Unit called Public Order Troops that was formed in September 2018. The POT, once fully implemented in 2023, will work alongside its regular counterparts in major events such as riots, national emergencies, and public order incidents, as well as possible terrorist attacks.

Incidents

 * In the early morning of 25 April 1978, Constable Lee Kim Lai was abducted while he was performing sentry duties at the PRU 1 base at Mount Vernon, and found stabbed to death in a taxi later.
 * On 17 May 1978, SGT Toh Say Tin from the PRU 1 was on special duties when he slipped and fell overboard while attempting to board a boat from marine police speedboat PA 6 off Marine Parade. A non-swimmer, he was not wearing a life vest, and was swept away by the currents. His body was found on 19 May 1978 about eight kilometres from the incident.

Uniforms and Equipment

The Police Tactical Unit officers have traditionally worn the Combat Dress, also known as the no. 4 police uniform. This consists of a blue beret, long-sleeved blue polyester shirt with concealed plastic buttons, black combat belt, blue combat trousers, and black combat boots. The sleeves may be folded up during the day, and rolled down at dusk or during tactical training and operations.

In 2005, the uniform underwent a major review, and a new tactical uniform was introduced. The red beret was introduced to facilitate ease of spotting PTU officers in the event of a major crowd control incident. The combat uniform was also redesigned to a more loose-fitting attire with utility pockets, and the material changed to a cotton-polyester mix which is more durable and fire resistant. The colour of the uniform is also changed to a darker shade of blue for tactical purposes. High-heel boots with garters were also introduced.

The PTU officers are equipped with a variegated arsenal of weapons, such as riot gears, pepper spray, batons, the Heckler & Koch HK69A1 tear gas launcher, the Heckler & Koch USP semi-auto pistol and the Heckler and Koch MP5 sub-machine gun.

Firearms list

 * CZ P-07
 * H&K USP (USP Compact)
 * H&K MP5 (phased out)
 * FN SCAR (To replace H&K MP5)
 * H&K HK69A1
 * Pepperball VKS

title: Police Tactical Unit (Singapore)


text:
Ryall

Ryall may refer to:

People

 * Chris Ryall (born 1969), American writer and editor in the comic book industry
 * Daniel Bailey Ryall (1798–1864), American politician
 * David Ryall (1935–2014), English actor
 * Dee Ryall (born 1967), Australian politician
 * George Ryall (born 1958), English professional golfer
 * Henry Thomas Ryall (1811–1867), English engraver
 * James Ryall (born 1980), Irish hurler
 * John Ryall (1875–1953), New Zealand politician
 * Rhiannon Ryall (active from 1983), pseudonym of an English-born Australian Wiccan
 * Richard Ryall (born 1959), South African cricketer
 * Sebastian Ryall (born 1989), Australian association football player
 * Tony Ryall (born 1964), New Zealand politician
 * William Bolitho Ryall (1891–1930), South African journalist, writer and biographer

Places

 * Ryall, Dorset, England
 * Ryall, Worcestershire, England
 * Ryal, Northumberland, England

title: Ryall


text:
User talk:Murshid3

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 04:30, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

User Pages
Hello! please do not create articles about yourself. This is what User pages are for. Thanks! Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 04:30, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Mypic.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Mypic.JPG. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 11:03, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:TonyMartin_Back_Where_I_Belong.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:TonyMartin_Back_Where_I_Belong.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 07:49, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:TonyMartin_Scream_Cover.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:TonyMartin_Scream_Cover.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 07:19, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Uduwe.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Uduwe.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 08:41, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on Bytorrent, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because it is an article about a certain website, blog, forum, or other web content that does not assert the importance or significance of that web location. Please read our criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 7 under Articles, as well as notability guidelines for websites. Please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources which verify their content.

Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait a while for you to add contextual material, please affix the template  to the page, and put a note on Talk:Bytorrent. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Thanks. Neil916 (Talk) 06:12, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Murshid3! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 19:04, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Uduwe Dhammaloka -

title: User talk:Murshid3


text:
Talk:Tower station (Minnesota)

Content
There needs to be more information on this page like which area is it located in, when did it open? etc. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 04:32, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * ✅, 8 years later. Chris857 (talk) 03:19, 29 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tower station (Minnesota)