text:
User talk:BT2/archive0

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Hi. Not sure about the old ID, but I've posted your question to Help desk. They should know. Best, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 03:39, 2004 Sep 4 (UTC)

Slovene vs. Slovenian
Why do you keep changing Slovene to Slovenian? --romanm (talk) 09:26, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC) Answer given in Romanm's talk.

 * Even after reading the discussion in Slovenians, I still do not have a clear understanding why Slovenians would be preferred to Slovenes. As you have actively participated in the debate, I would be very thankful if you put together a list of pro et contra arguments, like Nohat did for Slovene/Slovenian. In my opinion, the litteral translation for Slovenes would be Slovenci, but Slovenians would translate as Slovenijci. --Eleassar777 07:39, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I would like to thank you again BT2 to denote me as a narrow-minded (Slovene ozkosrčen, duševno omejen) or audacious (nesramen). It is really not fair that you are saying that. Firstly because I was user here long before you came - and you have never tried to discuss a subject, but you just started to revert everything that suits you. How many times do we have to say to you that Slovene and Sloveanian are still equal words in English? Look for Eleassar777, for instance. He came to WP some months ago, and as I see it, he used many times words Slovene, because they are still used. (See for instance his template creation Slovene at Commons on 24th of April 2005). I never did a mess here around as you've said at Roman's talk page, but you did a mess. Why? I was trying to say something about Slovenia and Slovenes and began to write articles about the language and about some great Slovenes. Then you came and you tried to persuade all that those terms are internationally preferred and so on. Come on, man. I was always trying to do my best. But if I think and if I am deeply convinced about something I just won't give up so easily. Sometimes I really wanted to stop editing in English Wikipedia, just because of people like you. And finally, did you know that Ilmen Slavs are also known as Slovene - here I see a slight imperfection of English, because it translate a Russian word Словене directly. In Slovene language this word might be called Sloveni (or even Slovenci - Slovenes). --xJaM 21:58, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

 * BT2 or whatever who you are, please read this dabate (Are people from Slovenia called Slovenes or Slovenians?), which deals this issue and I advise you that you do not delete contributions on talk pages of other users. They are not garbages at all. If there are grammar error in them, you might correct them, but it is not a fair game to just delete them. You can archive them. Another argument for the favour of Slovenes would be, that if we make a list of Slovenians (that is citizens of Slovenia), what should we make for the list of American Slovenians, if Slovenian is an adjective for the one who lives in Slovenia. I should say American Slovenes. If you are still going to delete my contributions, I shall protect the page. --xJaM 14:45, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * XJam, I deleted your post on my user talk because you are a hypocrite and I am sick of your GARBAGE. You've replaced Slovenian with Slovene in articles created by others, but you blast others (namely me) who replace Slovene with Slovenian. As for American born citizens of Slovenia, they are called American ex-pat Slovenians. The same is with Italians, Germans, Austrians, etc. You are not simplying things by adding new definitions for obsolete words used by only a fraction of the English-speaking world.  -BT

 * To be honest, I many times used Slovene, but also Slovenian. I don't prefer one form over the other. I think both forms should be accepted as valid as Wikipedia does not prefer one form of English over the other or at least as long as it takes to reach a consensus. -- Eleassar777 [[Image:Slovenia flag 300.png|20px]] my talk 07:12, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Please respect Wikipedia's policy No personal attacks. This refers to both of you. It also would be nice if you BT signed yourself by four tildes ( ~ ) or at least if you beginned adding a date to your signature. Thanks. -- Eleassar777 [[Image:Slovenia flag 300.png|20px]] my talk 07:18, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I respect this policy. I do not attack BT2. I do not replace 'Slovenian' with "Slovene" in articles created by others (see Joseph Stefan, Savinja, Slovene language, ...) recently I just do that at klopotec and perhaps in some more - but just beacause that other users are perhaps too afraid to change that. I am not afraid of, if I know I'm right. As Eleassar777 said the consesus about using 'Slovenian' instead of "Slovene" was not yet reached. But, since I am here for a quite long time, I follow the policy that Wikipedia can use both terms and that articles related to Slovene were written here first. After some time then came also categories, and some users have made another chaos from them. BT2 perhaps you try to write something, instead of just reverting other's hard work. You do not respect my contributions here - and I am not native speaker of English, so you can imagine that I have to spend more time to reach at least fairly degree of goodness than one English native speaker. You have denoted me as a narrow-minded, audacious and now a hypocrite. I do not insult you and I just can defend myself and say that I thank you for that. But in fact you are shameless (nesramen). I have to 'blast' (what does this mean - naj ga vrag vzame) namely you, because mostly is you who is replaceing "Slovene" with 'Slovenian'. What is term "American born citizens of Slovenia"? Baraga and many others were American citizens long before there was a country or state of Slovenia. They are caled 'American ex-pat Slovenians. By whom? If term American Slovenes is not correct, please corect it and do not teach those who do not speak the native language. A term in Slovene is called Ameriški Slovenci. I can't help if you're sick of me (my talking is not GARBAGE - watch your words) - another thing to think: if we would directly translate 'Slovenian' to Slovene it would be Slovenijani, Slovenijanci, Slovenijci and so on. So simple word - Slovenci (slovenski) and so many hard words about it. A shame. --xJaM 10:04, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The discussion we had yesterday was transferred to Talk:Slovenians. If you wish to continue it, please provide new arguments and references, as otherwise I'll consider it finished and the conclusion reached that Slovenes is the most commonly used term. In either case, both terms are used and should be used according to Naming conventions, similarly to what I have written below for the word Slovenian/Slovene.

I apology for incorrectly restoring the original of Ivan Cankar. I also restored the original of Vrhnika, in the manner the original contributor put it in. For the sake of consistency, I did not change Klopotec.

Another thing I want to point out is that actually it does not matter how incredibly odd the word Slovene is. The only important thing is that Slovene is one form of English and is still used by some. I don't claim at all that it is used more or that it is more modern than Slovenian, but Wikipedia respects all versions of English: British, American, Canadian, Australian, Indian etc. and if the original contributor chose the term Slovene, then it shall remain so - I apologized for Cankar above - unless if the word (Sloven*) is itself part of the article's title or its part of an official name or both versions have been used in the text. In that case, the most common term should be chosen. Otherwise please do not change the word Slovene to Slovenian anymore, if Slovene was used firstly. If you want to see any of these words used more frequently, write new articles where they will be used. If you think my explanations are not correct, then do not revert but explain yourself. Thanks. -- Eleassar777 my talk 22:06, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

If I resume, we have two different opinions regarding the use of the words Slovenes and Slovene. I argue these are completely legitimate English words and are still used by many people, the word Slovenes even more than Slovenians. I have provided references for Slovenes. You say these two are obsolete words and should not be used. I could agree as regards the word Slovene, if someone else speaking English natively would confirm it. As we seem to be in a tie, perhaps it's time to ask for a third opinion, although it will perhaps take awhile for someone else speaking English as his/her first language to answer (a week or two). I'm sure bringing someone else in the discussion will not cause harm and as we say in Slovenia, več glav več ve (more people know more). What do you say? In the meantime, you can provide references that show that Slovenians is more often used than Slovenes. I would be glad if you proved your claims. I remain open to changing my mind. Also note that I have not evaluated yet what you wrote about British Library, but even if this is not a reliable reference, there are still others. -- Eleassar777 my talk 08:33, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

OK, now I have searched in British Library again and as described in Talk:Slovenians, British Library has more hits for Slovenes (19) than for Slovenians (4). -- Eleassar777 my talk 08:50, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I have another idea; we can ask for opinion of other Wikipedians whose mother tongue is English, they are listed here, here or here. We can have an opinion survey or something like that. Some of them will surely respond. Do you find it reasonable? -- Eleassar777 my talk 09:32, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I only wish to say that if you have replaced Slovene by Slovenian in articles, you should explain to people that had used Slovene in the beginning why you have done so, as otherwise some may consider it rude. You can find their user name in the history of the articles. As for XJaM, wait a bit more before reverting him as I expect that he will be able to understand why Slovenian is better when he will have read my last post. If not, we have a bit of a problem. Leaving this aside, I'm happy that you have been so persistently and courageously defending your point. Happy wiki-ing! ;) -- Eleassar777 my talk 08:22, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Alternatively you can leave a message on the talk pages of the article. -- Eleassar777 my talk 08:45, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

American Slovenes
Why are you reverting this article - American Slovenes? This is almost a vandalism, because I have added some other infromations. Judith Arlene Resnik might have Slovene origins. In the article it is written now that she was Jewish. Many Slovene surnames are "Resnik", Vili Resnik a well known singer for instance. If you will be doing futher on in this way, I shall report you. I can not find any sources for now (just one dead link) and I shall do some research for it... I am here also informing you that Eleassar777 did not persuade me and I can not understand why using 'Slovenian' is better in any way. And please do not think that I am stubborn! And I shall revert all your reverts of original namings of "Slovene" if I have to - as long as some good consensus is not reached. --xJaM 23:32, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I am here also informing you that Eleassar777 did not persuade me...

No surprise...I warned him you are a hopeless irrational. "My [Slovenian] gimnazium teacher taught me Slovene was right and that's all I need to know!" Pathetic!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! BT2 02:56, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

What is pathetic? What do you need to know? I do not understand. I am not irrational and I am pretty much of rational nature - you can see my contributions all over, do not judge just with one or two terms that do not suit you. And stop vandalizing my work. --xJaM 15:54, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Okay BT2 what can I say more? I am prepared to use 'preferred' terms here (just for the sake of the order), but you must know that your actions do not show high productive work. You could simple say some words at talk or user talk pages that something is not right or correct, and then others would act according to your perceptions instead of just reverting on and on. You should also respect that these terms are still valid (at least according to sources which are available to non-English native speakers). I have endeavoured myself and translated from Russian into English a whole article for Aleksandr Lyapunov and many others (from Slovene Jožef Stefan, Janez Strnad, Herman Potočnik Noordung, Hipparchus, Kidinnu, Nabu-rimanni, ~ (you must consider also their contents, not just translations)) and you have nothing else to correct or to add than just reverting terms "Slovene"/'Slovenian'. I hope that now this discussion has ended (only if some consensus for naming them is on the rise, it will be open). And if someday it will be perhaps shown that I am right I won't accept no apologizes. --xJaM 18:31, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:BT2/archive0


text:
Tom Barnard

Thomas 'Tom' Mark Paul Barnard (born November 7, 1951) is an American radio host and former voice-over talent. He was released by Cumulus from the host of The KQ92 Morning Show on 92.5 KQRS in Minneapolis at the end of 2022 after hosting mornings for 37 years. He currently hosts The Tom Barnard Podcast, which is produced by Hubbard Broadcasting.

Personal
Barnard was born in Long Prairie, Minnesota and raised in North Minneapolis. He and his wife Kathryn Brandt live in Edina, Minnesota.

Career
Before coming to KQRS, Barnard worked at numerous stations including WDGY and KSTP (as "The Catman"). Until 1986, he was the booth announcer for KSTP-TV.

Barnard, and then-partner Dan Culhane, started the "Tom and Dan" show in 1986 featuring sports reports from WCCO-TV sports anchor Mark Rosen. At one point, the team of Barnard and Culhane spearheaded a write-in campaign to elect Rosen For Governor of Minnesota. Culhane was eventually pushed out of the broadcast in a personnel move,  while Rosen was "persuaded" by WCCO TV's parent company to move his morning sports to WCCO-AM.

Barnard gave an in-depth interview to the St. Paul Pioneer Press in which he discussed his strained relationship with his deceased father and compared his radio persona to that of his actual personality. Earlier in his career, Barnard and Culhane were guests with two other Twin Cities radio show duos on a local morning television show in 1988.

Although he is semi-retired from voice-over work, Barnard can currently be heard in radio ads for Home Depot. For many years Barnard's voice was heard in various markets, introducing shows and appearing on commercials.

On September 29, 2009's Morning Show wrap-up, Barnard casually mentioned that he's planning to retire from live radio on December 21, 2012. Tom specifically said Terri would take over the Morning show, moments later the discussion moved to a "play off" for host during the year 2012. Tom explained that the 21st is a Friday and it's just before Christmas.

On March 29, 2013, Barnard announced on the air that he would be entering treatment for issues in regard to anger, not substance abuse as previously reported.

In February 2020, Barnard and Cumulus Media announced Barnard had signed an 8 year extension to remain at KQRS until 2028, when he will be 76 years old. In a 2021 interview with KSTP-TV he has announced his retirement. His final show was December 23, 2022. The KQ Morning Show continues with Steve Gorman of The Black Crowes replacing Barnard.

Several weeks after retiring from KQRS-FM, Barnard began a weekday three-hour podcast, produced by Hubbard Broadcasting. The third hour of the podcast was also heard on 105 The Ticket from 6:00pm to 7:00pm in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area. As of February 2024, the podcast was no longer broadcast on 105 The Ticket.

Controversy
Barnard has long prided himself on what he refers to as his "insensitive" humor, notably in 1998 when, while working for KQRS, he made racist statements on-air following an influx in Hmong refugee immigration to the Twin Cities and subsequently declared Hmong immigrants should "assimilate or hit the goddamn road." After receiving criticism for his statements, Barnard responded on-air on October 20, 1998: “I will attack who I want to attack.”

Following Barnard's remarks, Hmong activists formed Community Action Against Racism (CAAR), a "multiracial coalition of whites, Latinos, and Asian and African Americans", which organized and drew attention to the issue. CAAR demanded an apology and "successfully organized an economic boycott of the station." While KQRS issued an apology, many in the Twin Cities still called for Barnard's termination as Barnard had continued to make offensive and derogatory statements about "Somalis, African Americans, Mexican Americans and Native Americans" on air.

Awards
Barnard won the 2006 Marconi award for Large Market Personality of the Year.

Barnard was inducted into the radio Hall of Fame in 2017, and the Minnesota Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 2018.

The Marconi awards recognize excellence in radio broadcasting.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tom Barnard


text:
Star Wars Episode I: Battle for Naboo

Star Wars Episode I: Battle for Naboo is an arcade-style action game co-developed by Factor 5 and LucasArts. It is a spiritual successor to Star Wars: Rogue Squadron released two years earlier. Despite the similarities between the two games, the development team designed a new game engine for Battle for Naboo and included land- and water-based combat in addition to aerial combat. The player can control various air, land, and water vehicles; each offers a unique armament arrangement, as well as varying degrees of speed and maneuverability. Bonus power-ups that improve these crafts' weapons or durability are hidden in different levels throughout the game. The player's performance is checked against four medal benchmarks after the completion of each level. Acquiring these medals promotes the player's rank and helps unlock hidden content.

Set in the fictional Star Wars galaxy, the game takes place during the events depicted in the film Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. The player controls Gavyn Sykes, a lieutenant in Naboo's Royal Security Forces. As the game progresses, Sykes and the Royal Security Forces fight the Trade Federation in 15 missions that take place on Naboo or in the space surrounding it. The game concludes after the player completes a mission that recreates the film's climactic assault on the Trade Federation's Droid Control Ship.

Battle for Naboo was published by LucasArts and THQ and released for the Nintendo 64 in December 2000. A Windows port was released three months later in March 2001. The Nintendo 64 version was heavily compared to Rogue Squadron and received generally positive reviews; critics praised the game's tight and responsive controls, but expressed dislike for the game's Episode I setting. The game's PC port was less well-received, with critics citing poor visuals and difficult controls.

Gameplay
A follow-up to Star Wars: Rogue Squadron, Battle for Naboo is a fast-paced, arcade-style action game. Each of the game's 15 levels introduces mission objectives that must be completed to progress to the next level. Enemy aircraft are primarily composed of Trade Federation Droid starfighters and air mines. Ground defenses are more varied and include battle and destroyer droids, laser and missile turrets, Armored Assault Tanks (AATs), Multi-troop transports (MTTs), gunboats, and Single trooper aerial platform (STAPs).

The heads-up display features a health meter, a radar, and an ammunition count for secondary weapons. Depending on the level, the player can control several different air, land, and water vehicles. Aircraft are the Naboo N-1 Starfighter, the Naboo Bomber, and Police Cruiser, while land and watercraft are the Flash and Gian speeders, the Trade Federation Gunboat, and the Heavy STAP. Each vehicle offers a unique armament arrangement, as well as varying degrees of speed and maneuverability. The game initially restricts the player to a particular craft for each level; however, after a level is completed, it can be replayed with any available craft that falls within its air, land, or watercraft specification. Some levels offer the player the option to change craft mid-level. Seven bonus power-ups are hidden in different levels throughout the game. These bonuses improve a craft's weapons or durability and are applied to each eligible craft for the remainder of the game.

The player's performance is measured throughout the game, and performance statistics are checked after each level against four medal benchmarks. Each benchmark contains six categories: completion time, number of enemies destroyed, shot accuracy, number of friendly craft and structures saved, number of bonuses collected and lives remaining. If a player's performance exceeds one of the level's four benchmarks in all five categories, a medal—bronze, silver, gold, or platinum—is awarded on completion. Unlike other medal benchmarks, platinum medal benchmarks are undisclosed to the player. Acquiring medals promotes the player's rank and helps unlock hidden content.

Unlockable content
Battle for Naboo includes a number of unlockable secrets. The player can unlock three bonus levels: "Trade Federation Secrets", "Coruscant Encounter", and "Dark Side". These levels are made available when the player obtains all bronze, silver, or gold medals, respectively, on every level. Alternatively, they can be unlocked via password. Several craft are also available when unlocked. The Sith Infiltrator, a Swamp Speeder, and an AAT may be selected when the player enters the correct passwords or achieves all gold or platinum medals, respectively, on all levels. A playable model of a 1969 Buick Electra 225 based on a car owned by the game's sound designer, Rudolph Stember, can be unlocked via password only.

The development team also included early game design sketches and audio commentary for each of the game's 15 standard levels, unlockable via a password. Each level features more than five minutes of audio that totals over an hour of commentary in all. IGN likened the "captivating" commentary to DVD bonus material and believed the addition could start a trend in video games. MTV reporter Stephen Totilo believes that this audio commentary "may very well be" the earliest in video gaming.

Setting
Battle for Naboo takes place in the fictional Star Wars galaxy. The overarching conflict is an escalating battle between the Trade Federation and the people of Naboo. All 15 missions occur during the events depicted in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. The taxation of trade routes is in dispute and the Trade Federation has sent an invasion force to the planet's capital city of Theed hoping to capture the planet and steal its resources. The planet's queen, Padmé Amidala, has left the city for Coruscant to try to gain support from the Galactic Senate. To help defend the planet, Lieutenant Gavyn Sykes must form a resistance movement.

Plot
The game starts with an opening crawl resembling the ones featured in the Star Wars films. Further story details are presented through the game's instruction manual, pre-mission briefings, characters' conversations during the game and in-game cut scenes. During the Trade Federation's initial invasion of Theed, Lieutenant Gavyn Sykes and Captain Kael are able to escape the capital and head into the surrounding farmland. The two attempt to protect civilian farmers, but Federation presence is too strong, and they retreat into the nearby swamps. There they learn of a smuggler hidden in the mountains who might aid them. With the help of farmer Ved Deviss, Sykes and Kael find Borvo the Hutt. Borvo agrees to assist the resistance movement against the Trade Federation after the group helps him escape Federation forces.

In their first strike against the Trade Federation, Kael, Sykes, Ved, Lutin Hollis and Kol Kotha, a mercenary agent of Borvo's, destroy the communications satellite Comm 4. The satellite's destruction temporarily disables a Federation base on the planet, allowing the resistance to successfully attack it and destroy numerous droids and heavy equipment. During the fight, Sykes commandeers a Federation gunboat and uses it to liberate labor camps along the Andrevea River, escorting the freed prisoners to a rendezvous point among ruins to the north.

However, during the escort mission, Kael disappears and Sykes begins a search and rescue mission for the missing Captain. Sykes discovers a mortally wounded Kael near his crashed fighter, and it is revealed that Borvo had shot down Kael after he'd learned of the Hutt's secret plan to sell the escaped prisoners into slavery. Seeking vengeance and the freedom of his people, Sykes hunts down Borvo, assisted by a disgruntled Kotha who disagrees with Borvo's betrayal. Though the Hutt is able to escape to Nal Hutta, the prisoners are saved.

Now in charge of the resistance on Naboo, Sykes leads a mission to liberate the Camp 4, a detention center where the Trade Federation has placed most of Naboo's important leaders. After the camp is freed, Sykes is contacted by Captain Panaka, and the plan to finally liberate Naboo is set in motion. After taking part in the diversionary attack on Theed that allows Queen Amidala and Panaka to infiltrate the Palace and capture Trade Federation Viceroy Nute Gunray, Sykes joins the rest of Bravo Flight in the climactic assault on the Droid Control Ship. Partnered with R2-C4, Sykes knocks out the Droid Control Ship's Shield Generator, which allows young Anakin Skywalker to destroy the ship from within. With the Trade Federation army disabled, Naboo is freed.

Development
With Star Wars: Rogue Squadron and Star Wars Episode I: Racer already released under a three-game exclusivity agreement signed by Nintendo, LucasArts began planning for the third and final game. After the success of Rogue Squadron in 1998, LucasArts and Factor 5 started initial testing for a follow-up in February 1999. The team discussed how they could build on that success and began planning the development of a new game engine. Possible plot ideas involving the film Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace were also discussed. After it was released in May 1999, the team watched the movie several times in an attempt to find interesting characters, situations and craft for the game. Factor 5 stated that tying a movie plot into a vehicle combat game was "hard". They included all the characters and vehicles from the movie they could, and attempted to mix these elements with entirely new content. During the development process, LucasArts supplied most of the art and level-design, while Factor 5 provided the programming, tools, sound, and most of the cut-scene and art post-production work. After contemplating the idea of reusing Rogue Squadron game engine, the team decided it was necessary to develop a new engine from scratch. Being more familiar with the Nintendo 64, Factor 5 was able to write Battle for Naboo microcode by identifying the previous engine's strengths and weaknesses. Factor 5 stated that many of Battle for Naboo technical aspects (such as a farther draw distance) "simply would not have been possible" using the Rogue Squadron engine. The game uses a particle system that was written in microcode for the Nintendo 64's Reality Signal Processor. The team first developed the technique to display falling snow in Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine, another Nintendo 64 game that was developed simultaneously by the company. The result allowed Battle for Naboo to have rain and the snow effects that display up to 3,000 particles at any given time without compromising the game's frame rate and without using the system's central processing unit. Explosions and fountains also use these particle effects. Battle for Naboo also takes advantage of the Nintendo 64's memory expansion, the Expansion Pak, which allows gameplay at a higher display resolution.

Skywalker Sound supplied the development team with sound directly from The Phantom Menace for use in Battle for Naboo. Because its music is fully interactive and in real-time, the game required new material to be composed and pieces from the movie to be rewritten. Factor 5 again used its own sound drivers called MusyX to handle the game's sound, as it did with Rogue Squadron (then called MOsys FX Surround). The game includes voice work from voice actors Jeff Coopwood, Roger L. Jackson, Doug Boyd and Terry McGovern.

Unlike Rogue Squadron, which was developed and released for the Nintendo 64 and Windows simultaneously, Battle for Naboo was ported to Windows and released two months later. The Windows version features enhanced resolution and textures and includes a mouse-supported menu interface. On October 24, 2001, it was re-released as a part of the LucasArts Archive Series.

Reception
Many reviews compared Battle for Naboo to Star Wars: Rogue Squadron. GamePro remarked that the games share the same "exciting aerial combat, sturdy controls, and ... absorbing story line", and IGN's Fran Mirabella III wrote, "Battle for Naboo proves to be a worthy follow up to Rogue by improving on nearly everything that held it back from perfection." EGM believed that, "if you liked Rogue Squadron, it's a good bet you'll like Naboo even more." GameSpot's Ryan Davis, however, thought that the game remained fun despite the "general lack of innovation over its predecessor" and believed it to be "one of the best Episode I titles to hit the market". The Nintendo 64 version received mostly positive reviews and received an aggregate score of 82 percent and 84 from GameRankings and Metacritic, respectively.

Battle for Naboo's controls were described as tight and responsive. Reviewers praised the addition of ground vehicles, which were completely absent from Rogue Squadron. Both Davis and Mirabella remarked that this addition keeps the game from getting stale or redundant. Nintendo Power thought that the game is at its best when the action isn't grounded, however, describing some of the ground missions as "tedious" and "uninspired". Some reviewers believed that the game's Episode I setting is less engaging than Rogue Squadron's original trilogy setting. Mirabella stated that "any fan of Rogue Squadron should enjoy Battle for Naboo just as much if they can get past the Episode I barrier", and Davis wrote that the game's setting "does not carry the same impact as the story of the original [trilogy]." The game's visuals were a source of disagreement between some critics. Extended Play's Matthew Keil wrote that the game's visuals are the "most notable improvement" over Rogue Squadron. Mirabella agreed and went on to call Battle for Naboo "one of the prettiest games to grace the N64." Both Keil and Mirabella praised the game for being less dependent on distance fog and "vastly" improving the draw distance over Rogue Squadron. Davis, however, wrote that "the graphics in Battle for Naboo are exactly the same as those of Rogue Squadron, flaws and all", and Nintendo Power's Andy Meyers cited "drab backgrounds and dry cinemas". EGM enjoyed the game's models and lighting, but thought the environments looked "blurry". Reviewers' opinions on the game's music and sound effects were generally less divided. Keil stated that the game showcases Factor 5's audio talents, and Mirabella and Davis described the audio as "atmospheric" and "immersive", respectively. One EGM reviewer lamented "the low-quality cartridge Episode I music", but another thought the sound was impressive.

With aggregated scores of 57 percent and 54 from GameRankings and Metacritic, respectively, Battle for Naboo's PC port garnered significantly lower review scores than its Nintendo 64 counterpart. Many complaints about the PC version stemmed from the fact that the game was not optimized for the PC when it was ported. Computer Games Magazine's Adam Fleet thought the game was ugly, citing "truly bland textures and sad-looking 2D sprites". Next Generation's Jim Preston bluntly wrote that the "graphics suck." Of the audio, GameSpot's Giancarlo Varanini wrote, "[it] isn't that bad, but it isn't quite as good as the audio in other similar games", and goes on to describe the music as sounding "tinny." Varanini also took issue with the PC version's aiming controls, stating that because Battle for Naboo was originally designed for the Nintendo 64's analog controller, it is difficult to aim using a PC's digital keyboard. Preston agreed, writing that controlling the game is "nearly impossible" with a digital controller or mouse.

title: Star Wars Episode I: Battle for Naboo


text: User:XeroHedgehog

title: User:XeroHedgehog


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anime Addiction

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page, if it exists; or after the end of this archived section. The result of the debate was DELETE   — Gwalla | Talk 3 July 2005 02:12 (UTC) Article serves no purpose. Unnecessarily POV. -- EmperorBMA|話す 00:58, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Extremely unworthy of its own article.  Not even worthy of a subsection in Anime.  -Tadanisakari 07:53, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. POV. Not worthy of a stub, either.--Herrhav0k 14:06, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be placed on a related article talk page, if one exists; in an undeletion request, if it does not; or below this section.


text:
Jindřich Wankel

Jindřich Wankel (German: Heinrich Wankel; 15 July 1821, Prague – 5 April 1897, Olomouc) was a Bohemian palaeontologist and archaeologist.

Wankel was born to Damian Wankel, a clerk, and his wife Magdalena, née Schwarz, in a bilingual environment. He attended German schools in Prague and later studied Medicine at the University of Prague as a student of Josef Hyrtl.

He came to work in the area of the Moravský kras (Moravian Karst, today's Czech Republic) in 1847, and from 1849 lived in Blansko as a medical doctor. He started geological exploration of the area and later carried out palaeontological, archaeological, and anthropological research.

In 1850, in Blansko, he set up the first ever laboratory to research fossil bones from the Cenozoic Era where he assembled a complete skeleton of a cave bear (until then, such bones were used for spodium in the nearby sugar refinery ). His most famous discovery (1872) was the burial site of a nobleman from the Bronze Age at the Býčí skála cave, with skeletons of 40 ritually killed young women.

His grandson Karel Absolon was also a famous archaeologist and worked in the same area.

Works (selection)

 * Der Menschenknochenfund in der Býčískálahöhle ("The human bones found in the Býčí skála Cave") (Vienna 1871)
 * Prähistorische Eisenschmelz- und Schmiedestätten in Mähren ("Prehistoric iron smelting and forging facilities in Moravia") (Vienna 1879)
 * Bilder aus der Mährischen Schweiz und ihrer Vergangenheit ("Images from the Moravian Switzerland and their past") (Vienna 1882)
 * Beitrag zur Geschichte der Slaven in Europa ("Contribution to the history of the Slavs in Europe") (Olomouc 1885)

title: Jindřich Wankel


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Topic-based vector space model

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep as merge and redirect. Rossami (talk) 22:06, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Topic-based vector space model
This looks to me as original research. The only reference in this article is the paper Topic-based vector space model. This article basically summarizes that paper, which is published in 2003. As such, I would say it is unecyclopedic. Oleg Alexandrov 01:00, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete at best, this is highly specialized topic that is unlikely to amount to much more than gibberish to the non-engineering/mathematician reader. In effect, it's a technical DicDef that fails in clarity. In my considered opinion as an Engineer, the cited VSM article, tho' better written, should probably accompany it, for same reasoning. Fabartus 03:43, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, but for a different reason. I don't mind specialized articles; its just that this one is so incredibly poorly written. And mind you, it was written by the very same person (Dominik Kuropka) who wrote the journal article in 2003. If the original author can't be bothered to state their claim clearly, why should we bother? linas 04:27, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Expand, a weak keep I have tried to clean the article up a bit, so that it is at least parsable. I certainly wouldn't shed any tears over it if it fell off a cliff, but at least it might be worth keeping long enough to see if someone can expand it. -Phantym 04:54, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge (and redirect) as a little note into the VSM article, and expand that. Pcb21| Pete 07:50, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into vector space model. As far as I understand it, the vector space model is one of the traditional models in information retrieval, and definitely deserves an article in Wikipedia. The topic-based VSM seems barely notable, but it is published in conference proceedings, so we can mention it in the VSM article. I doubt that lack of clarity is a reason for deletion. Jitse Niesen 09:34, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with redirect to vector space model. I haven't messed with serious math at greater than high school level for over twenty years, but this article and the accompanying references are quite clear and informative about their subject matter. You transform a document into a series of multidimensional arrays ("vectors in a multidimensional space") which can then be manipulated algorithmically by just about any automatic filtering method ever invented. The reference paper provides a codable schema and some simple examples in SQL to enable similarity metrics to be computed on documents. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 13:22, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with redirect to vector space model. Seems notable enough (perhaps barely) to me (see: Importance), but perhaps not notable enough to warrent it's own separate article (yet!). And of course Jitse is correct about "lack of clarity" not being a valid (i.e. consensually accepted) reason for deletion. And it was original research, when it was first published, but now that it has been published somewhere else, it is perfectly fine (as regards original research) to include in Wikipedia. Paul August  ☎ 17:35, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep if expanded, otherwise merge. JamesBurns 02:00, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I've just merged the relevant info into Vector space model. Plenty of room for expansion there, if necessary. - dcljr (talk) 03:31, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge no content for an article of its own (at least at this point). --Poli 18:18, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into vector space model. Alphax τεχ 11:07, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User:BT2/archive0

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
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 * Remember Neutral point of view
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Good luck!

Hi. Not sure about the old ID, but I've posted your question to Help desk. They should know. Best, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 03:39, 2004 Sep 4 (UTC)

Slovene vs. Slovenian
Why do you keep changing Slovene to Slovenian? --romanm (talk) 09:26, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC) Answer given in Romanm's talk.

 * Even after reading the discussion in Slovenians, I still do not have a clear understanding why Slovenians would be preferred to Slovenes. As you have actively participated in the debate, I would be very thankful if you put together a list of pro et contra arguments, like Nohat did for Slovene/Slovenian. In my opinion, the litteral translation for Slovenes would be Slovenci, but Slovenians would translate as Slovenijci. --Eleassar777 07:39, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I would like to thank you again BT2 to denote me as a narrow-minded (Slovene ozkosrčen, duševno omejen) or audacious (nesramen). It is really not fair that you are saying that. Firstly because I was user here long before you came - and you have never tried to discuss a subject, but you just started to revert everything that suits you. How many times do we have to say to you that Slovene and Sloveanian are still equal words in English? Look for Eleassar777, for instance. He came to WP some months ago, and as I see it, he used many times words Slovene, because they are still used. (See for instance his template creation Slovene at Commons on 24th of April 2005). I never did a mess here around as you've said at Roman's talk page, but you did a mess. Why? I was trying to say something about Slovenia and Slovenes and began to write articles about the language and about some great Slovenes. Then you came and you tried to persuade all that those terms are internationally preferred and so on. Come on, man. I was always trying to do my best. But if I think and if I am deeply convinced about something I just won't give up so easily. Sometimes I really wanted to stop editing in English Wikipedia, just because of people like you. And finally, did you know that Ilmen Slavs are also known as Slovene - here I see a slight imperfection of English, because it translate a Russian word Словене directly. In Slovene language this word might be called Sloveni (or even Slovenci - Slovenes). --xJaM 21:58, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

 * BT2 or whatever who you are, please read this dabate (Are people from Slovenia called Slovenes or Slovenians?), which deals this issue and I advise you that you do not delete contributions on talk pages of other users. They are not garbages at all. If there are grammar error in them, you might correct them, but it is not a fair game to just delete them. You can archive them. Another argument for the favour of Slovenes would be, that if we make a list of Slovenians (that is citizens of Slovenia), what should we make for the list of American Slovenians, if Slovenian is an adjective for the one who lives in Slovenia. I should say American Slovenes. If you are still going to delete my contributions, I shall protect the page. --xJaM 14:45, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * XJam, I deleted your post on my user talk because you are a hypocrite and I am sick of your GARBAGE. You've replaced Slovenian with Slovene in articles created by others, but you blast others (namely me) who replace Slovene with Slovenian. As for American born citizens of Slovenia, they are called American ex-pat Slovenians. The same is with Italians, Germans, Austrians, etc. You are not simplying things by adding new definitions for obsolete words used by only a fraction of the English-speaking world.  -BT

 * To be honest, I many times used Slovene, but also Slovenian. I don't prefer one form over the other. I think both forms should be accepted as valid as Wikipedia does not prefer one form of English over the other or at least as long as it takes to reach a consensus. -- Eleassar777 [[Image:Slovenia flag 300.png|20px]] my talk 07:12, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Please respect Wikipedia's policy No personal attacks. This refers to both of you. It also would be nice if you BT signed yourself by four tildes ( ~ ) or at least if you beginned adding a date to your signature. Thanks. -- Eleassar777 [[Image:Slovenia flag 300.png|20px]] my talk 07:18, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I respect this policy. I do not attack BT2. I do not replace 'Slovenian' with "Slovene" in articles created by others (see Joseph Stefan, Savinja, Slovene language, ...) recently I just do that at klopotec and perhaps in some more - but just beacause that other users are perhaps too afraid to change that. I am not afraid of, if I know I'm right. As Eleassar777 said the consesus about using 'Slovenian' instead of "Slovene" was not yet reached. But, since I am here for a quite long time, I follow the policy that Wikipedia can use both terms and that articles related to Slovene were written here first. After some time then came also categories, and some users have made another chaos from them. BT2 perhaps you try to write something, instead of just reverting other's hard work. You do not respect my contributions here - and I am not native speaker of English, so you can imagine that I have to spend more time to reach at least fairly degree of goodness than one English native speaker. You have denoted me as a narrow-minded, audacious and now a hypocrite. I do not insult you and I just can defend myself and say that I thank you for that. But in fact you are shameless (nesramen). I have to 'blast' (what does this mean - naj ga vrag vzame) namely you, because mostly is you who is replaceing "Slovene" with 'Slovenian'. What is term "American born citizens of Slovenia"? Baraga and many others were American citizens long before there was a country or state of Slovenia. They are caled 'American ex-pat Slovenians. By whom? If term American Slovenes is not correct, please corect it and do not teach those who do not speak the native language. A term in Slovene is called Ameriški Slovenci. I can't help if you're sick of me (my talking is not GARBAGE - watch your words) - another thing to think: if we would directly translate 'Slovenian' to Slovene it would be Slovenijani, Slovenijanci, Slovenijci and so on. So simple word - Slovenci (slovenski) and so many hard words about it. A shame. --xJaM 10:04, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The discussion we had yesterday was transferred to Talk:Slovenians. If you wish to continue it, please provide new arguments and references, as otherwise I'll consider it finished and the conclusion reached that Slovenes is the most commonly used term. In either case, both terms are used and should be used according to Naming conventions, similarly to what I have written below for the word Slovenian/Slovene.

I apology for incorrectly restoring the original of Ivan Cankar. I also restored the original of Vrhnika, in the manner the original contributor put it in. For the sake of consistency, I did not change Klopotec.

Another thing I want to point out is that actually it does not matter how incredibly odd the word Slovene is. The only important thing is that Slovene is one form of English and is still used by some. I don't claim at all that it is used more or that it is more modern than Slovenian, but Wikipedia respects all versions of English: British, American, Canadian, Australian, Indian etc. and if the original contributor chose the term Slovene, then it shall remain so - I apologized for Cankar above - unless if the word (Sloven*) is itself part of the article's title or its part of an official name or both versions have been used in the text. In that case, the most common term should be chosen. Otherwise please do not change the word Slovene to Slovenian anymore, if Slovene was used firstly. If you want to see any of these words used more frequently, write new articles where they will be used. If you think my explanations are not correct, then do not revert but explain yourself. Thanks. -- Eleassar777 my talk 22:06, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

If I resume, we have two different opinions regarding the use of the words Slovenes and Slovene. I argue these are completely legitimate English words and are still used by many people, the word Slovenes even more than Slovenians. I have provided references for Slovenes. You say these two are obsolete words and should not be used. I could agree as regards the word Slovene, if someone else speaking English natively would confirm it. As we seem to be in a tie, perhaps it's time to ask for a third opinion, although it will perhaps take awhile for someone else speaking English as his/her first language to answer (a week or two). I'm sure bringing someone else in the discussion will not cause harm and as we say in Slovenia, več glav več ve (more people know more). What do you say? In the meantime, you can provide references that show that Slovenians is more often used than Slovenes. I would be glad if you proved your claims. I remain open to changing my mind. Also note that I have not evaluated yet what you wrote about British Library, but even if this is not a reliable reference, there are still others. -- Eleassar777 my talk 08:33, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

OK, now I have searched in British Library again and as described in Talk:Slovenians, British Library has more hits for Slovenes (19) than for Slovenians (4). -- Eleassar777 my talk 08:50, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I have another idea; we can ask for opinion of other Wikipedians whose mother tongue is English, they are listed here, here or here. We can have an opinion survey or something like that. Some of them will surely respond. Do you find it reasonable? -- Eleassar777 my talk 09:32, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I only wish to say that if you have replaced Slovene by Slovenian in articles, you should explain to people that had used Slovene in the beginning why you have done so, as otherwise some may consider it rude. You can find their user name in the history of the articles. As for XJaM, wait a bit more before reverting him as I expect that he will be able to understand why Slovenian is better when he will have read my last post. If not, we have a bit of a problem. Leaving this aside, I'm happy that you have been so persistently and courageously defending your point. Happy wiki-ing! ;) -- Eleassar777 my talk 08:22, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Alternatively you can leave a message on the talk pages of the article. -- Eleassar777 my talk 08:45, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

American Slovenes
Why are you reverting this article - American Slovenes? This is almost a vandalism, because I have added some other infromations. Judith Arlene Resnik might have Slovene origins. In the article it is written now that she was Jewish. Many Slovene surnames are "Resnik", Vili Resnik a well known singer for instance. If you will be doing futher on in this way, I shall report you. I can not find any sources for now (just one dead link) and I shall do some research for it... I am here also informing you that Eleassar777 did not persuade me and I can not understand why using 'Slovenian' is better in any way. And please do not think that I am stubborn! And I shall revert all your reverts of original namings of "Slovene" if I have to - as long as some good consensus is not reached. --xJaM 23:32, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I am here also informing you that Eleassar777 did not persuade me...

No surprise...I warned him you are a hopeless irrational. "My [Slovenian] gimnazium teacher taught me Slovene was right and that's all I need to know!" Pathetic!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! BT2 02:56, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

What is pathetic? What do you need to know? I do not understand. I am not irrational and I am pretty much of rational nature - you can see my contributions all over, do not judge just with one or two terms that do not suit you. And stop vandalizing my work. --xJaM 15:54, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Okay BT2 what can I say more? I am prepared to use 'preferred' terms here (just for the sake of the order), but you must know that your actions do not show high productive work. You could simple say some words at talk or user talk pages that something is not right or correct, and then others would act according to your perceptions instead of just reverting on and on. You should also respect that these terms are still valid (at least according to sources which are available to non-English native speakers). I have endeavoured myself and translated from Russian into English a whole article for Aleksandr Lyapunov and many others (from Slovene Jožef Stefan, Janez Strnad, Herman Potočnik Noordung, Hipparchus, Kidinnu, Nabu-rimanni, ~ (you must consider also their contents, not just translations)) and you have nothing else to correct or to add than just reverting terms "Slovene"/'Slovenian'. I hope that now this discussion has ended (only if some consensus for naming them is on the rise, it will be open). And if someday it will be perhaps shown that I am right I won't accept no apologizes. --xJaM 18:31, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

IP number and signature
The IP number has been determined using the tool: AntiOnline IP Locator. It sucks. At first it located me correctly to Ljubljana, but now locates me to Amsterdam. On the other hand, currently, it can't locate the IP 82.192.47.203 of the anon involved in the discussion. May I ask, which tool did you use?

Also, thanks for having pointed out that my user talk was not working properly. I have corrected this now. I changed the name as I can now use the letter E (evolution, earnestness, eagle and so on; yes, also error ;) as an abbreviaton instead of E777 (reminding me of food additives). Cheers! -- Eleassar  my talk 20:39, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Slovene/Slovenian
Please, stop changing Slovene to Slovenian. Regards, --Klemen Kocjancic 08:07, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Reply: Stop changing Slovenian to Slovene, and using Slovene altogether. Thanks.

Slovene vs. Slovenian
One could be "a Slovenian", I reckon. But what dictionary do you have that indicates the use of "Slovene" as a term constitutes vandalism? Not that I care very much. I'm of English and Irish extraction. Just curious. Wahkeenah 22:45, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi, Wahkeenah. May I ask what is the dictionary you have which (incorrectly) lists Slovenian as only an adjective? Thanks! BT2 20:53, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You didn't answer my question, Wahkeenah. For some insight as to what's wrong, please visit: http://www.prah.net/slovenia/slovenians/gobetz/introd.htm. As for the vandalism charge, if you checked the Frankie Yankovic history you'd notice Kocjancic replaced the correct term Slovenian (used by the original author of the article) with Slovene. BT2 23:38, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

BT2 if you missed this one - Battle of Sisak. You can correct to the right terms if you give yourself a right to do so. --xJaM 23:12, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User:BT2/archive0


text:
Poly1305

Poly1305 is a universal hash family designed by Daniel J. Bernstein for use in cryptography.

As with any universal hash family, Poly1305 can be used as a one-time message authentication code to authenticate a single message using a secret key shared between sender and recipient, similar to the way that a one-time pad can be used to conceal the content of a single message using a secret key shared between sender and recipient.

Originally Poly1305 was proposed as part of Poly1305-AES, a Carter–Wegman authenticator that combines the Poly1305 hash with AES-128 to authenticate many messages using a single short key and distinct message numbers. Poly1305 was later applied with a single-use key generated for each message using XSalsa20 in the NaCl crypto_secretbox_xsalsa20poly1305 authenticated cipher, and then using ChaCha in the ChaCha20-Poly1305 authenticated cipher deployed in TLS on the internet.

Definition of Poly1305
Poly1305 takes a 16-byte secret key $$r$$ and an $$L$$-byte message $$m$$ and returns a 16-byte hash $$\operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m)$$. To do this, Poly1305:

 * 1) Interprets $$r$$ as a little-endian 16-byte integer.
 * 2) Breaks the message $$m = (m[0], m[1], m[2], \dotsc, m[L - 1])$$ into consecutive 16-byte chunks.
 * 3) Interprets the 16-byte chunks as 17-byte little-endian integers by appending a 1 byte to every 16-byte chunk, to be used as coefficients of a polynomial.
 * 4) Evaluates the polynomial at the point $$r$$ modulo the prime $$2^{130} - 5$$.
 * 5) Reduces the result modulo $$2^{128}$$ encoded in little-endian return a 16-byte hash.

The coefficients $$c_i$$ of the polynomial $$c_1 r^q + c_2 r^{q - 1} + \cdots + c_q r$$, where $$q = \lceil L/16\rceil$$, are:

$$ c_i = m[16i - 16] + 2^8 m[16i - 15] + 2^{16} m[16i - 14] + \cdots + 2^{120} m[16i - 1] + 2^{128}, $$

with the exception that, if $$L \not\equiv 0 \pmod{16}$$, then:

$$ c_q = m[16q - 16] + 2^8 m[16q - 15] + \cdots + 2^{8(L \bmod 16) - 8} m[L - 1] + 2^{8 (L \bmod 16)}. $$

The secret key $$r = (r[0], r[1], r[2], \dotsc, r[15])$$ is restricted to have the bytes $$r[3], r[7], r[11], r[15] \in \{0,1,2,\dotsc,15\}$$, i.e., to have their top four bits clear; and to have the bytes $$r[4], r[8], r[12] \in \{0,4,8,\dotsc,252\}$$, i.e., to have their bottom two bits clear. Thus there are $$2^{106}$$ distinct possible values of $$r$$.

Use as a one-time authenticator
If $$s$$ is a secret 16-byte string interpreted as a little-endian integer, then

$$ a := \bigl(\operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m) + s\bigr) \bmod 2^{128} $$

is called the authenticator for the message $$m$$. If a sender and recipient share the 32-byte secret key $$(r, s)$$ in advance, chosen uniformly at random, then the sender can transmit an authenticated message $$(a, m)$$. When the recipient receives an alleged authenticated message $$(a', m')$$ (which may have been modified in transmit by an adversary), they can verify its authenticity by testing whether

$$ a' \mathrel{\stackrel?=} \bigl(\operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m') + s\bigr) \bmod 2^{128}. $$ Without knowledge of $$(r, s)$$, the adversary has probability $$8\lceil L/16\rceil/2^{106}$$ of finding any $$(a', m') \ne (a, m)$$ that will pass verification.

However, the same key $$(r, s)$$ must not be reused for two messages. If the adversary learns

$$ \begin{align} a_1 &= \bigl(\operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m_1) + s\bigr) \bmod 2^{128}, \\ a_2 &= \bigl(\operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m_2) + s\bigr) \bmod 2^{128}, \end{align} $$

for $$m_1 \ne m_2$$, they can subtract

$$ a_1 - a_2 \equiv \operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m_1) - \operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m_2) \pmod{2^{128}} $$

and find a root of the resulting polynomial to recover a small list of candidates for the secret evaluation point $$r$$, and from that the secret pad $$s$$. The adversary can then use this to forge additional messages with high probability.

Use in Poly1305-AES as a Carter–Wegman authenticator
The original Poly1305-AES proposal uses the Carter–Wegman structure to authenticate many messages by taking $$a_i := H_r(m_i) + p_i$$ to be the authenticator on the $i$th message $$m_i$$, where $$H_r$$ is a universal hash family and $$p_i$$ is an independent uniform random hash value that serves as a one-time pad to conceal it. Poly1305-AES uses AES-128 to generate $$p_i := \operatorname{AES}_k(i)$$, where $$i$$ is encoded as a 16-byte little-endian integer.

Specifically, a Poly1305-AES key is a 32-byte pair $$(r, k)$$ of a 16-byte evaluation point $$r$$, as above, and a 16-byte AES key $$k$$. The Poly1305-AES authenticator on a message $$m_i$$ is

$$ a_i := \bigl(\operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m_i) + \operatorname{AES}_k(i)\bigr) \bmod 2^{128}, $$

where 16-byte strings and integers are identified by little-endian encoding. Note that $$r$$ is reused between messages.

Without knowledge of $$(r, k)$$, the adversary has low probability of forging any authenticated messages that the recipient will accept as genuine. Suppose the adversary sees $$C$$ authenticated messages and attempts $$D$$ forgeries, and can distinguish $\operatorname{AES}_k$ from a uniform random permutation with advantage at most $$\delta$$. (Unless AES is broken, $$\delta$$ is very small.) The adversary's chance of success at a single forgery is at most:

$$ \delta + \frac{(1 - C/2^{128})^{-(C + 1)/2} \cdot 8 D \lceil L/16\rceil}{2^{106}}. $$

The message number $$i$$ must never be repeated with the same key $$(r, k)$$. If it is, the adversary can recover a small list of candidates for $$r$$ and $$\operatorname{AES}_k(i)$$, as with the one-time authenticator, and use that to forge messages.

Use in NaCl and ChaCha20-Poly1305
The NaCl crypto_secretbox_xsalsa20poly1305 authenticated cipher uses a message number $$i$$ with the XSalsa20 stream cipher to generate a per-message key stream, the first 32 bytes of which are taken as a one-time Poly1305 key $$(r_i, s_i)$$ and the rest of which is used for encrypting the message. It then uses Poly1305 as a one-time authenticator for the ciphertext of the message. ChaCha20-Poly1305 does the same but with ChaCha instead of XSalsa20.

Security
The security of Poly1305 and its derivatives against forgery follows from its bounded difference probability as a universal hash family: If $$m_1$$ and $$m_2$$ are messages of up to $$L$$ bytes each, and $$d$$ is any 16-byte string interpreted as a little-endian integer, then

$$ \Pr[\operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m_1) - \operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m_2) \equiv d \pmod{2^{128}}] \leq \frac{8\lceil L/16\rceil}{2^{106}}, $$

where $$r$$ is a uniform random Poly1305 key.

This property is sometimes called $$\epsilon$$-almost-Δ-universality over $$\mathbb Z/2^{128}\mathbb Z$$, or $$\epsilon$$-AΔU, where $$\epsilon = 8\lceil L/16\rceil/2^{106}$$ in this case.

Of one-time authenticator
With a one-time authenticator $$a = \bigl(\operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m) + s\bigr) \bmod 2^{128}$$, the adversary's success probability for any forgery attempt $$(a', m')$$ on a message $$m'$$ of up to $$L$$ bytes is:

$$ \begin{align} \Pr[&a' = \operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m') + s   \mathrel\mid a = \operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m) + s] \\ &= \Pr[a' = \operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m') + a - \operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m)] \\ &= \Pr[\operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m') - \operatorname{Poly1305}_r(m) = a' - a] \\ &\leq 8\lceil L/16\rceil/2^{106}. \end{align} $$

Here arithmetic inside the $$\Pr[\cdots]$$ is taken to be in $$\mathbb Z/2^{128}\mathbb Z$$ for simplicity.

Of NaCl and ChaCha20-Poly1305
For NaCl crypto_secretbox_xsalsa20poly1305 and ChaCha20-Poly1305, the adversary's success probability at forgery is the same for each message independently as for a one-time authenticator, plus the adversary's distinguishing advantage $$\delta$$ against XSalsa20 or ChaCha as pseudorandom functions used to generate the per-message key. In other words, the probability that the adversary succeeds at a single forgery after $$D$$ attempts of messages up to $$L$$ bytes is at most:

$$ \delta + \frac{8D \lceil L/16\rceil}{2^{106}}. $$

Of Poly1305-AES
The security of Poly1305-AES against forgery follows from the Carter–Wegman–Shoup structure, which instantiates a Carter–Wegman authenticator with a permutation to generate the per-message pad. If an adversary sees $$C$$ authenticated messages and attempts $$D$$ forgeries of messages of up to $$L$$ bytes, and if the adversary has distinguishing advantage at most $$\delta$$ against AES-128 as a pseudorandom permutation, then the probability the adversary succeeds at any one of the $$D$$ forgeries is at most:

$$ \delta + \frac{(1 - C/2^{128})^{-(C + 1)/2} \cdot 8 D \lceil L/16\rceil}{2^{106}}. $$

"For instance, assuming that messages are packets up to 1024 bytes; that the attacker sees 264 messages authenticated under a Poly1305-AES key; that the attacker attempts a whopping 275 forgeries; and that the attacker cannot break AES with probability above δ; then, with probability at least 0.999999 − δ, all the 275 are rejected"

- Bernstein, Daniel J. (2005)

Speed
Poly1305-AES can be computed at high speed in various CPUs: for an n-byte message, no more than 3.1n + 780 Athlon cycles are needed, for example. The author has released optimized source code for Athlon, Pentium Pro/II/III/M, PowerPC, and UltraSPARC, in addition to non-optimized reference implementations in C and C++ as public domain software.

Implementations
Below is a list of cryptography libraries that support Poly1305:

 * Botan
 * Bouncy Castle
 * Crypto++
 * Libgcrypt
 * libsodium
 * Nettle
 * OpenSSL
 * LibreSSL
 * wolfCrypt
 * GnuTLS
 * mbed TLS
 * MatrixSSL

title: Poly1305


text:
Ben Chin

Benjamin Byung Kyu Chin (born 1964), known for short as Ben Chin, is a Canadian political advisor and former public and private sector executive. He had an earlier career as a television journalist.

Personal life and education
Chin was born in Geneva, Switzerland. He first came to Canada as a child from 1970 to 1974, when his father served as the South Korean Ambassador to Canada in Ottawa. After his father fell out of political favour with the South Korean government, Chin was sent to Toronto on his own to continue his education and attend junior high school. After completing high school at East York Collegiate Institute (with a brief stint living in the Washington, D.C., area with his parents), Chin went to the University of Toronto. He lived with his older brother and sister, who were both students at the University of Toronto.

His brother, Jik Chin, is currently a chemistry professor at the University of Toronto.

Career
Chin turned to journalism, working at Citytv as a general assignment reporter and anchor from 1989 to 1997. He was best known for covering the Paul Bernardo murder trial. He then left Citytv and headed east to Halifax as Atlantic Bureau Chief for CTV News. In 1998 he returned to Toronto and joined CBC Newsworld, where he anchored The National on weekends.

In 2003, he joined then-new Toronto-based television station CKXT-TV and co-hosted the nightly evening newscast, Toronto Tonight with Sarika Sehgal.

In 2005, Chin joined the communications staff of Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty.

On February 16, 2006, Chin was the Liberal Party nominee for the provincial by-election in Toronto—Danforth, held to fill the vacancy created when NDP incumbent Marilyn Churley resigned to run in the 2006 federal election. Chin was defeated by his NDP opponent, Peter Tabuns, the former executive director of Greenpeace Canada and a former Toronto City Councillor for part of the riding.

He did not run in the 2007 provincial elections, returning as a senior advisor in the Premier's Office, and subsequently worked on the central campaign team. Also, during the election, Chin did a series of YouTube videos under the banner Liberal TV for the Ontario Liberals.

After working in the private sector, Chin joined the Ontario Power Authority as Vice President of Communications and then joined AIR MILES for Social Change as Vice President, Conservation.

Chin was appointed communications director to British Columbia Premier Christy Clark in 2012, subsequently becoming Executive Director, Communications and Issues Management in the office of the Premier of BC. He held this position until the defeat of Clark's Liberal government and the swearing in of her successor, John Horgan of the British Columbia New Democratic Party.

He joined federal Finance Minister Bill Morneau's ministerial office as senior advisor in October 2017, rising to chief of staff in May 2018.

On February 27, 2019, Chin became a figure of criticism after former Attorney General Jody Wilson-Raybould accused him, among others, of applying inappropriate pressure to a decision regarding a deferred prosecution agreement for Quebec contractor SNC-Lavalin.

On May 14, 2019, Chin was appointed as Senior Advisor to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.

title: Ben Chin


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tom Barnard

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP, because it was rewritten by the time the vfd ended. Several users have changed their vote to keep following that rewrite. - Mgm|(talk) 11:32, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

Tom Barnard
This is unsalvageable POV. WAvegetarian 01:03, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep in light of recent changes, nice job Android.WAvegetarian 19:27, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Reads like an advert. Subject may be notable, but we'll have to start from scratch on this one. -- BD2412 talk 01:40, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)
 * Keep now that A и D я 01D has edited out the POV/advert qualities. -- BD2412  talk 19:33, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * Delete. Concur with BD2412. Evidently a fan wrote it. Fabartus 03:48, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -Mysidia 04:36, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nothing that can be used in a real article -Phantym 04:55, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Agree. reasons above. --Chill Pill Bill 05:56, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising. JamesBurns 06:31, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Concur with all reasons given. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:39, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep the rewrite. Reasonably notable given that this is an eccentric(?) talkshow host in a state. Sjakkalle (Check!)  06:33, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete - at least other spammers are more reserved in their self-praise. Jamyskis 10:28, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep in light of changes. Jamyskis Whisper, Contribs 06:24, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep. I've de-POV-ified it and made it into a legit stub. Barnard is a regional celebrity in Minnesota, mostly for his Howard Stern-esque antics (and racist comments) on his morning show. I believe he's just notable enough to keep, but I won't be severely heartbroken if this article goes away – I can't stand his show. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  23:20, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity/AD page. Toasthaven 16:30, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It is no longer vanity nor an ad. Please look at the changes I made. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  17:32, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep, still weird... Alphax τεχ 11:03, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Yep, it's been made keepworthy.DS 12:33, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Bill Brockwell

William Brockwell (21 January 1865 – 1 July 1935) was an English cricketer. Although primarily remembered as a batsman, he began his career as a fast-medium bowler. With George Lohmann, Tom Richardson and William Lockwood carrying all before them, Brockwell had few opportunities until they declined. However, from 1897 onwards, he was a very useful bowler and took 105 wickets in the 1899 season when Richardson was out of form and Lockwood never fully fit. Even in 1902, he took six for 37 on an excellent pitch in the last match of the season against Warwickshire.

Born in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, Brockwell played his county cricket for the very strong Surrey side of the last years of the 19th century. He made his first-class debut against Derbyshire in 1886. He played only occasionally up to 1890, but established himself in 1891 and 1892, when Surrey were at the height of their powers as a county side. However, it was not until 1893 that Brockwell became a vital member of the Surrey eleven, when he took 51 wickets at the same cost as the incomparable Richardson and, despite often going in late, proving to be one of the most consistent batsmen. In the very wet 1894 season, Brockwell, despite the consistently treacherous pitches, made a remarkable advance. He scored more runs (1,491) than any other player, and hit five centuries, and consequently was named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year. He declined a great deal in 1895, but from the following year up to 1899, formed a formidable batting trio with Bobby Abel and Tom Hayward that made Surrey invincible on the perfect Oval pitches.

Brockwell played seven Test matches for England, all against Australia – one in 1893, five on the 1894/95 tour and a final match in 1899 – but was not a success at this level and averaged under 17 with a highest score of just 49. He played on for Surrey until 1903, but from 1900 his powers as a batsman declined severely and after two final first-class matches for London County he retired from cricket.

Brockwell was homeless in his last years and he died in poverty at Richmond, Surrey.

title: Bill Brockwell


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Quảng Trị

Quảng Trị is a district-level town in Quảng Trị Province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It is second of two municipalities in the province after the provincial capital Đông Hà.

History
The Sino-Vietnamese name Quảng Trị (廣治) was given by Vietnamese Confucian administrators.

A major feature of the town is the Quảng Trị Citadel, built in 1824, as a military bastion during the 4th year of the reign of Minh Mạng. It is an example of Vauban architecture and it later became the administrative head office of the Nguyễn dynasty in Quảng Trị Province (1809–1945).

Quảng Trị was an area of early Catholic presence and by 1913, the nearest railway station to the starting point of the La Vang pilgrimage.

During the Vietnam War, when the province was the South's border with North Vietnam, it suffered a major attack in the January 1968 Tet Offensive and it was the only South Vietnamese provincial capital to be captured by the North Vietnamese forces in the 1972 Easter Offensive before being recaptured in September 1972. During the Vietnam War the city became what some regard as the most bombed city in the world.

Notable residents

 * Hieu Van Le, Governor of the Australian state of South Australia, was born here in 1954.

title: Quảng Trị


text: User talk:172.157.197.200

title: User talk:172.157.197.200


text:
Quảng Ngãi

Quảng Ngãi is a city in central Vietnam. It serves as the capital city of Quảng Ngãi Province. Quảng Ngãi City borders Tư Nghĩa District to the South and West, Sơn Tịnh District to the Northwest and Bình Sơn District to the North. It has an area of 160,15 km² and population of 278.496 inhabitants.

Climate
Quảng Ngãi has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am). Temperatures are very warm to hot year round, although they do fall substantially between October and March. The rainy season lasts from September to December with a major risk of typhoons and the dry season is from January to August.

Tourism
Quảng Ngãi has benefited little from Vietnamese tourist industry. English is not widely spoken and most hotels deal only with Vietnamese customers.

Local attractions include:
 * Mỹ Lai Massacre Memorial Museum (12 km from Quảng Ngãi)
 * Ba Tơ Garden
 * Quảng Ngãi Square (Phạm Văn Đồng street)
 * Trà Khúc River
 * Tam Thương Quay
 * Thiên Bút Hill
 * General Museum of Quảng Ngãi Province
 * Ly Son Island
 * My Khe Beach (this is in Da Nang)
 * Châu Sa Champa Citadel (Ancient Amaravati)

Transportation
Quảng Ngãi has rail connections to North-South Railways via Quảng Ngãi railway station. Air transport is served by Chu Lai International Airport in nearby province of Quảng Nam.

Famous Quang Ngai people

 * Politician: Phạm Văn Đồng, Trương Định, Lê Văn Duyệt, Trần Đức Lương, Nguyễn Thị Diệu, Nguyễn Hòa Bình, Nguyễn Bá Loan
 * Entrepreneur: Nguyễn Văn Đạt, Cao Thị Ngọc Dung, Lê Thăng Long
 * Education: Lê Vinh Danh, Phan Kỳ Phùng
 * Religion: Thích Nhất Hạnh, Ching Hai
 * Sport: Hoàng Văn Phúc, Nguyễn Trần Duy Nhất, Phạm Thị Bình, Ngô Bông
 * Artist: Dương Ngọc Thái, Thanh Tuấn
 * Musician: Trương Quang Lục, Hồng Xương Long
 * Generals: Nguyễn Chánh (Quảng Ngãi), Trần Văn Trà, Trần Quý Hai, Phạm Kiệt, Võ Thứ, Nguyễn Đôn, Tiêu Văn Mẫn, Trịnh Lương Hy, Võ Bẩm, Trần Tiến Cung, Huỳnh Kim, Châu Khải Định, Lê Trung Ngôn, Phạm Quang Tiệp, Trần Nam Trung, Trần Quang Phương, Nguyễn Văn Được, Võ Thị Thái, Vũ Xuân Viên, Huỳnh Thị Cúc, Nguyễn Thị Dung, Nguyễn Tăng Long, Nguyễn Văn Xuân (tướng nhà Nguyễn)

Education

 * Le Khiet High School for the Gifted

title: Quảng Ngãi


text:
Talk:Eastern screech owl

Untitled
Does anyone know how long it takes a baby Eastern Screech to reach adult size. We have a nesting pair in our backyard and my daughter is sure she has seen one of the offspring but it was almost as big as the parents? We know they usually hatch offspring in May.

Pop culture
Wasn't a screech owl featured prominently in the movie My Cousin Vinny? It was that scene where they're out in the woods thinking they might actually get some sleep, when instead an owl kept them up with its screeching. We should work that into this article somehow. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mblumber (talk • contribs) 03:16, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Sound
Need a reference to and description of (and if available, an audio of) its call and why it is so named. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Softlavender (talk • contribs) 09:47, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Eastern screech owl