text: User talk:68.84.41.65

title: User talk:68.84.41.65


text: Category:Podcasts

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Podcasts


text:
Talk:Client-Centered Therapy

Highly suspect copyvio.

lots of issues | leave me a message 00:39, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Rewrite reason
Needs to be reordered and changed so it says more about what it is and less about all the versions it isn't. Also, need to put the what before the who thought of it.RJFJR 15:45, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, and someone needs to add techniques.whicky1978talk 16:28, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Client-Centered Therapy


text:
CommunityNet Aotearoa

CommunityNet Aotearoa is a New Zealand website that provides how-to guides, advice and tools for charities and community groups.

It was founded in 1998 with support from the Department of Internal Affairs. At its launch, the spokesperson for the steering committee said (inter alia) "We have indeed been fortunate that DIA has taken a hands-off approach and insisted from the very beginning that it would be governed by community. Well done Internal Affairs." Since 2017 the website is maintained by the NZ Navigator Trust.

Along with case studies, how-to guides, "hot topics", categories of links, and community notices, it offers free weekly or monthly email newsletters.

title: CommunityNet Aotearoa


text:
Sara Fagen

Sara Taylor Fagen (born September 15, 1974) is a technology and data entrepreneur, and former staff member in the administration of President George W. Bush.

Education and early career
Fagen was born on September 15, 1974, in Dubuque, Iowa. She graduated from Wahlert High School, a private, co-educational, Roman Catholic school, in 1992. She then attended Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa. While in college, she was the National Co-Chairman of the College Republicans. She also took a year off, in 1995–1996, to work on Senator Phil Gramm's presidential campaign in Iowa.

After graduating from Drake in 1997 with a B.S. in Finance, Fagen worked for two years at the Tarrance Group, a northern Virginia polling firm headed by Ed Goeas.

White House career
In April 1999, Fagen began working for the presidential campaign of George Bush. Her initial position, through January 2000, was coalitions director for Bush's Iowa caucus campaign. She then did field work in the South Carolina, Virginia, Washington, and Illinois primaries, and finally served as executive director of the Michigan campaign. After Bush was elected, Fagen worked for the White House as an associate political director (Midwest) doing political and public affairs outreach.

Fagen became the deputy to Matthew Dowd, Chief Strategist for the Bush-Cheney 2004 re-election campaign. Sara served as a senior aide and White House Political Director for President George W. Bush, and playing a part in the 2004 Bush-Cheney re-election campaign. During the campaign, The Wall Street Journal called her a "data whiz," and said: "As a top strategist for the 2004 Bush-Cheney re-election efforts Fagen helped perfect political micro-targeting." She also served as a senior strategist helping to direct the President's message development, paid media strategy, and opinion research.

After Bush's 2004 re-election, Fagen returned to work in the White House, where she served as the director of the White House Office of Political Affairs and deputy assistant to President George W. Bush. She left for the private sector in May 2007.

Dismissal of U.S. Attorneys controversy
On June 13, 2007, the Senate and House judiciary committees issued a subpoena to Fagen, to produce documents and testify before the committee. A subpoena was also issued to Harriet E. Miers, former White House counsel and supreme court nominee. In response to the subpoenas, the White House said that its longstanding policy was that no past or present White House officials would be permitted to testify under oath before the panels, and that only private, non-legally-binding, non-transcribed interviews would be permitted.

The Democratic chairs of the House and Senate Judiciary Committees said that the White House terms were unacceptable.

A ranking member of the Senate Judiciary committee, Arlen Specter (R-PA) said that the White House had not responded to an April 11, 2007, inquiry by the committee, and he supported the issuance of the subpoena in light of the lack of response by the White House and Taylor. On July 9, 2007, White House counsel Fred Fielding, in letters to Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT) and Representative John Conyers (D-MI) said President Bush is invoking executive privilege and not allowing Taylor to testify, but reiterated that Taylor was available for a private, off the record interview.

Business career
In 2008, Fagen founded a media firm, BlueFront Strategies, as a strategic consulting and public affairs company to focus on issue advocacy and solutions for business. In mid-2009, Fagen co-founded, with public affairs veteran John Brady, the company Resonate Networks, an advertising firm that uses data on political leanings and attitudes to help companies and interest groups sell online ads.

Fagen became a partner at DDC Advocacy in 2011 after the company acquired Bluefront Strategies. Fagen also sits on the board of CentraForce. Fagen's commentary appears on CNBC, where she is regular contributor.

Deep Root Analytics
In 2013, Fagen and TargetPoint Consulting partners founded Deep Root Analytics, a media analytics company that helps clients use big data to make ad buying decisions. They aim to improve microtargeting by providing better web-enabled media targeting. In June 2017 cyber risk analyst Chris Vickery discovered Deep Root's data on an unsecure Amazon server, which exposed political data on more than 198 million American citizens. Sources of the data included American Crossroads, the Kantar Group and r/FatPeopleHate, among other subreddits.

Personal life
Fagen is the daughter of Ray Taylor, a former Iowa state representative. She is married.

title: Sara Fagen


text:
Beta Gamma Sigma

Beta Gamma Sigma (ΒΓΣ) is an international business honor society. Founded in 1913 at the University of Wisconsin, University of Illinois and the University of California, it has over 980,000 members, selected from more than 600 collegiate chapters in business schools accredited by AACSB International. It has collegiate chapters in over 190 countries.

History
The Society was founded on 1913-02-26 with the union of three pre-existing local societies for men in commerce and economics. These were: Beta Gamma Sigma (1907) at the University of Wisconsin, the Economics Club (1906) at the University of California, and Delta Kappa Chi (1910) at the University of Illinois. The three are considered co-equal founding institutions.

The mission of Beta Gamma Sigma is to encourage and honor academic achievement in the study of business; cultivate and celebrate leadership and professional excellence and build their professional skills; to foster an enduring commitment to honor and integrity, the pursuit of wisdom, earnestness, and service; and to serve its lifetime members by helping them network and connect.

In 1919, Beta Gamma Sigma was designated by the American Association of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) as "the scholarship society" for students in commerce and business administration. Today, only AACSB schools are eligible to host chapters.

On April 29, 1933, Beta Gamma Sigma merged with Gamma Epsilon Pi, a similar organization that had been formed to serve women. Gamma Epsilon Pi had been founded on March 26, 1918, also at the University of Illinois. Beta Gamma Sigma was older, by five years, and the society retained its name.

Governance of the society is by convention, held biennially, with intermediate administration vested in a Board of Governors, these holding staggered, four-year terms. The organization is a member of the Association of College Honor Societies.

In 2020, Beta Gamma Sigma added new societal impact standards and practices, declaring that business can be a force for global good and have committed to incorporating the environmental, social, & governance (ESGs) criteria and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into their business operations and programming.

Beta Gamma Sigma members reside in over 190 countries and there are more than fifty alumni chapters and networking groups located in major metropolitan areas and other regions worldwide. Alumni groups provide ongoing educational and networking opportunities for members in person and virtually.

Symbols
The fraternity's badge is a rectangular shield with the Greek letters ΒΓΣ on a diagonal band.

The Society explains its name as Beta (Β) is the initial letter of the Greek word BEBAEOS, which signifies honor, Gamma (Γ) is the initial letter of the Greek word GNOSIS, which means wisdom, and Sigma (Σ) is the initial letter of the Greek word SPOUDE, which means earnestness.

Chapters
Beta Gamma Sigma has chapters across the United States and around the world.

Membership
Membership eligibility requirements include that a student must be in the top 10% of a bachelors business program (top 20% for masters programs, and all doctoral students) Undergraduates are inducted toward the end of their degree program, but no earlier than after completion of 50% of the coursework or the last semester of the 3rd (junior) year for those in 4-year bachelor's degrees. Doctoral students are eligible for membership after having successfully defended their dissertation

Notable members

 * Lowell C. Smith, president of Nichols College
 * Bengt Holmstrom, 2016 Nobel Prize Winner in Economics
 * Ann-Marie Campbell, Executive Vice-president of The Home Depot
 * Marillyn Hewson, President and CEO of Lockheed Martin
 * Ellen Kullman, Former Board Chair & CEO of DuPont
 * Alan Greenspan, Former Chairman of the Federal Reserve
 * Richard Hrabchak, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of Mutual of Omaha
 * Gerek Meinhardt – 2016 Olympian Fencing Team
 * John Hanki – Inventor of Pokémon Go
 * Eugene T. Lee – President of MBK Sports Management

title: Beta Gamma Sigma


text:
Steve Rhodes

Steven John Rhodes (born 17 June 1964) is an English cricket coach and former cricketer. He was the former coach of the Bangladesh national cricket team. He was best known as a wicket-keeper, but was also a useful number six or seven batsman, making twelve first-class centuries.

His father, William Rhodes, played more than 30 times for Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club in the early 1960s.

Domestic career
Emerging initially out of Birstall Cricket Club in West Yorkshire, Rhodes' county cricket career began with Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1981. The incumbent was the international wicket-keeper David Bairstow and after limited chances he moved to Worcestershire County Cricket Club in 1985 staying with that county for the remaining two decades of his playing career.

Rhodes shared in Worcestershire's successes of the late 1980s and early 1990s, as they won the County Championship in 1988 and 1989, the Refuge Assurance League in 1987 and 1988, the Benson & Hedges Cup in 1991 and the NatWest Trophy in 1994. They also won the last Refuge Assurance Cup in 1991, Rhodes making 105, his highest score in limited over cricket and the only century in the four-year history of the tournament, in the final.

Towards the end of the 2004 season, Rhodes briefly became county captain following Ben Smith's resignation during the home game with Northamptonshire County Cricket Club.

Rhodes was a particularly prolific wicketkeeper in limited over cricket, and as of 2022 holds the world records for the most dismissals and most catches in this format.

International career
He was selected for the England tour to India in 1988/89, but when this was cancelled for political reasons he lost his chance, and it was to be 1994 before he made his Test cricket debut.

His selection was primarily down to the new chairman of selectors, Ray Illingworth, who announced at his appointment that he wanted balanced sides i.e. an all-rounder at number 6 with a wicket-keeper at number 7. As such, Illingworth was saying that his chosen wicket-keeper had to contribute with bat and gloves. While Rhodes had a golden summer with the gloves in 1994, he did not make enough runs - especially against the powerful South African bowling attack in the second half of the season (although he did make his only Test half-century in this series at Leeds, and had won plaudits for a "gritty display" in helping to save a Test against New Zealand earlier in the summer).

Chosen to tour Australia in 1994–95, he had a poor tour with gloves and especially with the bat - frequently dismissed by Australian spearhead Craig McDermott, often leg before wicket (LBW). Having waited so long to make his Test debut (he had played three One Day Internationals in 1989), he was dropped in favour of Alec Stewart in 1995, and never played for England again. Nevertheless, Rhodes was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1994.

Coaching career
In May 2005, Worcestershire announced that Rhodes had been appointed Coach, following the departure of Tom Moody. He subsequently served as director of cricket between 2006 and 2017.

On 7 June 2018 Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) appointed Rhodes head coach for the national team until the end of the 2020 ICC World Twenty20. In July 2018 Rhodes lost his first series as Bangladesh coach when West Indies won the two-match Test series 2–0. In the ODI series, Bangladesh defeated West Indies 2–1 and recorded their second ODI series victory in West Indies. Later, Bangladesh managed to beat West Indies in the T20I series with a 2–1 lead. Rhodes praised his team for making a comeback and won the last two series after they were defeated in the Test series, and he was surprised that they won the T20 series against the world champions West Indies.

Bangladesh also won their first ever tournament final under Rhodes after failing the previous 6 times. In the Tri-nation Series between Bangladesh, Ireland, and West Indies, the Tigers beat the Windies by 5 wickets and won the trophy for the first time ever in their history.

In July 2019, Rhodes' contract with the BCB was terminated, following the team's eighth-place finish in the 2019 Cricket World Cup.

He was a coach with the Comilla Victorians, in the 2022 Bangladesh Premier League

title: Steve Rhodes


text:
Gabriel Retes

José Ignacio Gabriel Jorge Retes Balzaretti (March 25, 1947 – April 20, 2020) was a Mexican film director, writer, producer, and actor. His 1977 film Paper Flowers was entered into the 28th Berlin International Film Festival. His 1979 film Broken Flag was entered into the 11th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1999 film A Sweet Scent of Death was entered into the 21st Moscow International Film Festival.

Filmography

 * Arresto domiciliario (2008)
 * Bienvenido-Welcome II (2006)
 * @festival.ron (2003)
 * Despedida de amor (2003)
 * La mudanza (2003)
 * Un dulce olor a muerte (Spanish and Argentinian co-production – 1998)
 * Bienvenido-Welcome (1994)
 * El Bulto (1991)
 * El nacimiento de un guerrillero (1989)
 * La ciudad al desnudo (1988)
 * Los náufragos del Liguria II: Los piratas (1985)
 * Los náufragos del Liguria (1985)
 * Mujeres salvajes (1984)
 * The Recourse to the Method (1978)
 * Bandera rota (1978)
 * Flores de papel (1977)
 * Nuevo mundo (1976)
 * Chin Chin el teporocho (1975)
 * Los bandidos (1974)
 * Los años duros (1973)
 * Tribulaciones en el seno de una familia burguesa (1972)
 * El asunto (1972)
 * Fragmentos (1971)
 * Comunicados de insurgencia obrera (1971)
 * El paletero (1970)
 * Sur (1970)

title: Gabriel Retes


text:
User:Erachima

Erachima, formerly known as tjstrf, is a Wikipedia user. Now that that's clarified, I can stop using the 3rd person.

I am 20 years old, and an engineering student in Washington. I have been a Wikipedian since May 2005, but only became fully active in May 2006. I have made most of my contributions here to articles under Wikiproject Anime and Manga, especially the Bleach (manga) category. My favorite genre of music is technoclassical, of which, according to Whatlinkshere?, I am the only fan in the entire world.

Users whom I hold in high respect
User:Ynhockey Ynhockey was one of the first experienced users I met on Wikipedia, and still among the best I've seen. He served as a great example to me as a new user, and I continue to look up to him. User:GTBacchus Though I sometimes disagree with his views, GTBacchus is an overall reasonable individual, and an example of an excellent and helpful administrator.

Personal views which are relevant to Wikipedia:

 * I believe individual Wikiprojects should be given a decent amount of self-government with respect to guidelines. Basic policies are of course immutable, or at least require broader consensus for change, but individual projects should be reasonably free to determine their own standards for presumption of notability, reliable sources, article quality rankings, and the like.
 * I believe people with strong feelings about controversial issues should avoid editing articles related to those issues if at all possible. Wikipedia should not be a political environment, no one likes an activist.
 * I think it is the responsibility of those with little or no affiliation with controversial subjects to edit their articles in a responsible manner, and especially to aid in resolving edit wars. If you find an edit war in progress, be proactive and try to help while not joining a side in the argument. If necessary, go read a book or two on the subject to learn about it.
 * Above all else, try to get more intelligent editors to join the community. Many people you know in real life would be glad to contribute to our project if they knew about it, so ask them. The worst they can do is say no.

Awards
 For your contributions to Wikipedia and humanity in general, you are hereby granted the coveted Random Smiley Awardby Pedia-I  Project J e s u s(Explanation and Disclaimer)

title: User:Erachima


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration/Jguk/Evidence

I am unsure if this qualifies as evidence, but I do believe it is important, in the style of amicus curiae I believe the NPOV policy votes1 shows the massive lack of consensus, with excellent arguments on a near 50/50 split

This lack of consensus shows that no party was in fact, objectivly, acting on the advice of the consensus.

My point in saying this is that I urge the Arbitration Commitee to stick with a conservative interpretation of their mandate, and ignore the question of content from his case, but to focus on the behavior of the wikipedians involved.

--Tznkai 00:45, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom: Is it too late to present evidence in this matter? The revert war has ended at the Persian pages and I have come to some conclusions about the role of Jguk in this war. Sunray 16:27, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
 * I'm not from the ArbCom, but I can answer: they are still on the evidence stage. Go on and add your evidence. --cesarb 00:23, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Gene Nygaard's charge that Zora is misrepresenting facts
In my initial statement, I said that Jguk had changed BCE/CE to BC/AD in various articles that I'd done, AND that he'd changed something I'd just written, a couple of hours after I put up an extensively revised article (something I'd promised a bunch of other editors to do, as a condition of deleted an overly-detailed section of the Islam page).

I can certainly see why that could be interpreted as saying that he'd changed a CE to an AD. In fact, when Gene accused me of inaccuracy (or was it mendacity?) I apologized. However, upon later looking over the article in question (Islam and other religions), I realized that the change Jguk had made was a deletion only, AND that I'd just said that he "changed" it -- which doesn't imply that he changed from CE to AD, only that he meddled with the dating scheme I'd chosen for my text. I usually put CE after a few dates, not all, just to orient the reader.

I'm sorry if my original statement was unintentionally misleading. However, I'm somewhat dismayed to find this whole matter being treated with the same kind of aggressiveness and rules-lawyering that one usually sees only in TV courtroom dramas. I wouldn't think that ambiguous wording in an initial statement would matter that much, especially if the "case" is to be decided on the basis of the evidence, the diffs and timestamps, which don't admit of any fiddling or pleading at all.

Oh well ... it's all an interesting new experience, innit? Zora 16:55, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Except your entire evidence section, with basically the exception of Khuzestan, is like that (by the way, several of the diffs are wrong: they point to the last edit, not jguk's). That's pretty weak support for the idea that jguk is "changing BCE/CE to BC/AD," which is the subject of this arbcom case. In the case of Khuzestan, jguk was reverting to a previous version: SouthernComfort had changed from BC/AD to BCE/CE "as agreed," yet I didn't find evidence of any such agreement on the talk page, and we know that the wikiwide proposal to standardize on BCE/CE failed to gain consensus. What does that leave to demonstrate wrongdoing on jguk's part? Demi T/C 07:21, 2005 Jun 7 (UTC)

 * Y'know, I said at the start of my evidence that I was new to this process and was doing my best -- if my diffs are wrong, tell me which ones are and how to fix them. Don't just sneer at me for not doing it right and hint that it vitiates my evidence.

 * I was the original author on several Islam-related articles where I used CE in numerous places to orient readers. Jguk is not only changing BCE to BC, he's erasing all occurences of CE on the grounds that it's unnecessary. I don't think that this arbitration only concerns BCE/BC issues, it concerns anti-CE edits. I feel that the reader should NOT be expected to know that all dates without a CE/AD are CE/AD, especially when it comes to areas and eras that might be unfamiliar. It may not be necessary to put CE after "X was first published in 1980", but it helps when you're dealing with the date of Muhammad's death (632 CE). It especially helps when you're dealing with historical timelines that span BCE and CE. Jguk should allow other editors to use CE if they feel it's useful.

 * The Khuzestan/Ahvaz articles are somewhat of a special case, in that Southern Comfort and I were at loggerheads before Jguk ever arrived on the scene. Given that Southern Comfort is reverting my changes on sight, I think that it's notable that he and I agree on this one issue. BCE/CE make sense in writing articles about Iran and the Mesopotamian valley. It's not only that the area has been non-Christian for most of its history, it's that historical timelines usually extend way back into BCE dates. Distinguishing between BCE and CE dates is crucial. And then of course there's the fact that the current academic sources for the area all use the BCE/CE convention.

 * If Jguk wants to argue about dating schemes in articles where he's otherwise actively engaged as an editor, that's fine. But he's conducting a crusade to erase BCE/CE from Wikipedia, in thousands of articles where he has otherwise contributed nothing. He's trying to impose his own standard on everyone else, and that's just plain wrong. It's as irritating and pointless as one editor's recent crusade to change everything in Wikipedia to British spelling. Zora 19:19, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It wasn't my intention to sneer, and I'm sorry if it sounded like that... I was just pointing it out in case you wanted to change it. Demi T/C 22:14, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)

 * Actually, Jguk may not have been on quite as much of a crusade about it, but he also makes gratuitous changes to British spelling in articles that otherwise use American spelling. And I myself first encountered him in his crusade to unilaterally add styles (e.g. "His Holiness") to the pope article.  Jguk's abusive editing pattern extends to everything he touches. Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 20:41, 2005 Jun 7 (UTC)

 * P.S. I have the impression that Jguk and his supporters are trying to cast the anti-BCE/CE campaign as a valiant defense against the machinations of slrubenstein. I've been involved with Wikipedia for ... what, is it over a year now? ... and I've made a conscious effort, ever since I started editing, to use BCE/CE. This had nothing to do with slrubenstein. I'd never run into him. Jguk has deleted CE, or changed BCE to BC, on articles that I was editing long before slrubenstein made his controversial proposal. This is not about slrubenstein ... this is about allowing diversity. Zora 20:20, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:138.89.80.70

title: User talk:138.89.80.70


text:
Talk:University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt

Untitled
Someone anonymous recently changed this: "most teams have members who are not even students anymore, or never were affiliated with the University to begin with." to this: "many claim members who are not students any more, but return as alumni specifically to particiapte."

I'm not sure why this person was under the impression that only students and alumni ever participate, but I know that it's true that people who are unaffiliated with the University do participate. By "unaffiliated" I mean are neither students, former students, alumni, staff, or faculty. There were at least four people on FIST and one on Vegans this year whose only affiliation with the University were through acquaintance/relation to some U of C student. I guess the edit gets across effectively the same point, but I just want to say that there certainly ARE people who do scav who aren't students/alumni/staff.

Actually, I was just trying to get the passage to sound better. DirectorStratton 07:41, July 28, 2005 (UTC)

The article currently has a couple of sentences about the Mike Royko items of years past. The way it's worded leaves me with an understanding of those items that I'm not sure is correct. I'm researching those items right now. When I get the history of those items figured out, I'll come back and edit that bit to make it more clear. Cmcfaul August 5, 2005

 * It's nice to see you on Wikipedia, Herr McLazy. This article got a lot of POV edits last May I've been slowly untangling. DirectorStratton 22:28, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * I did the Royko edits, so let me provide some background. I was on the Shorey House team for the three years I was at the school (1989-91), and captained it in '91 (if memory serves).  The lists each year had a "Mike Royko" item, and, one year, it was a pair of sweat socks.  I believe it was Cassie who told me that Royko was always out of town during the ScavHunt. DegreeAbsolute 11:28, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

I edited the section on "Teams" to remove bias from the description of F.I.S.T. It was basically a love letter that exagerrated their wins and ignored other independant teams.

 * Exagerrated? Check your figures buck-o.  Ignored?  Look again and notice that a "rise in smaller teams based around affinity rather than housing" was explicitly mentioned.  Or quit bitching and write some agit-prop of your own. -05

 * There's no agit-prop on Wikipedia. -- SCZenz 20:32, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

May 30 Cleanup
I've made some changes--cleaning up language, removing misleading links to Max Palevsky (they suggest the man is involved in the event) and removing unverified claims. I think this article can probably be refined further still. Doctofunk 17:03, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm of the opinion that everything here that can't be cited from a reliable source should should be removed, and that some effort should be put into this. There are some things here that are inaccurate oversimplifications (the one that make me most sad are the ones about my team), and sources would help with that.  However, I don't think it's appropriate for me to edit this article, because of my personal involvement in ScavHunt and the likelihood that my edits would be seen as partisan mudslinging.  (See concerns about agit-prop above.)  Interestingly, the names of the teams may often be citable from Chicago Maroon articles. -- SCZenz 21:43, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * This is where I get confused a little by wikipedia policy. As an example, the results for 2006 are unverifiable--they don't appear on the official site, nor has the maroon written anything about them.  And yet, I'm confident they're accurate 100% accurate, so what's the harm in leaving them there?  (If this isn't the right place to ask this question, feel free to direct me there.)  Insofar as you see inaccuracy or contestable content, feel free to point it out/change it.  But I'm confused as to why the response to inaccuracy is to remove everything that can't be directly verified.  Not that I have a problem with doing that.  I just don't see that it's necessarily the best course of action for this article right now.  But I am pretty new to this. Doctofunk 21:20, 31 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, in practice this article tends not to be held to the full-bore Wikipedia standards, because it tends to fly under the radar and any hoax is likely to be corrected. But in principle Wikipedia an encyclopedia and therefore a secondary source; thus everything in the entire thing is supposed to be verifiable from other sources. If there weren't any primary sources, how could anyone tell that a few people didn't just make ScavHunt up? -- SCZenz 19:59, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I removed the team names because I thought they were irrelevant, not unverifiable. Doctofunk 21:20, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Re: The 2006 results. I totalled the scores myself--am I a reliable source? Anyway, maybe the Keeper of the Scrolls should just make sure to keep the website results up to date. I'm sure the 2006 results will be appearing there soon. Size J Battery 19:48, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Hilariously enough, if you post the results yourself, you don't count as a reliable source according to Wikipedia rules. If it goes up on the official website first, then it can be cited and is kosher.  This applies even to scientists who do research; they can only cite their own journal results like anyone else could.  See Original research.  I admit it is funny in this case. -- SCZenz 19:54, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Aug 7 Cleanup
After considering SCZenz's comments and further exploring wikipedia policy, I've made some changes to this article, mostly by removing content. I support the existence of this article but agree with SCZenz that it should contain only information that is verifiable, notable and not biased oversimplifications. I've deleted the following concepts after finding myself unable to rewrite them in a suitable way:
 * Reference to Mike Royko
 * Team size/affiliations
 * Historical trend towards fewer, larger teams
 * Historical trend towards more obscure items that require greater interpretation
 * Road-trip destinations
 * Detail about specific teams and their strategies
 * Some specific items in the notable items section

Doctofunk 17:58, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Expansion of article?
I like the effect of the cleanup as clearing out some of the noise and reducing the subjectivity of the article. However, I now think that the article is so austere that it does not meaninglyfully convey enough information on the Hunt. This could be amended by either increasing the length of the article (eg. if there's going to be a subsection on judges, it's only fair and reasonable to have a subsection on teams) or by creating subsidiary articles. Since my entry on Hot Side Hot was almost preemptively merged (I think it lasted all of eight hours), perhaps the former is the way to go.

Perhaps by expanding the article with an emphasis on citation we can avoid the tendency to compare teams or describe "historical trends." On the other hand, many teams have a colorful history and their evolution has actively influenced the development of the Hunt, and details such as road-trip destinations are both notable and relevant. Scavhunt is a big enough deal that it deserves more than a one-pagedown treatment on Wikipedia.

(As a side note, both the judges and many teams *are*, in definition and practice, as secret as many of the entries on the List of Collegiate Secret Societies, and meet all valid criteria as much as do, say, the Skull and Bones.)

BlueSkiesFalling 11:30, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
 * As much as Scav Hunt consumes my life when I am in the Greater Chicago Area, remember that it is mostly confined to the U of C. If the article is expanded, I think it would mostly involve additional press attention the hunt has received. Questionable additions might include more background information about the documentary, other notable items, and something like maps of road trips or something.
 * However, we used to have information about the teams — how they evolved, what kind of teams there are, etc. — and it wasn't very informative, and would occasionally devolve into name calling. Better information about participants might be things like describing the dedication of the hardcore scav hunter. Information about the judges, on the other hand, mostly comes from the Bylaws.
 * As to your Hot Side Hot article, I apologize if the merge was harsh, but Hot Side Hot is certainly not notable enough to warrant its own Wikipedia article. They are most certainly not a secret society in the same way that Skull and Bones are. Their methods are essentially transparent, the only real secrecy is the list before it comes out. The only real similarity is that membership is invitation-only, though I'm sure the judges will be flattered to know that someone out there puts them on the same level as the Skull and Bones (after all, each Judge's secret dream is to have something in common with George Bush and John Kerry). Illuminatedwax 13:51, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I was a judge in 1998, and I've never heard of Hot Side Hot. So this must be something new? Could you put in a date this terminology came into use? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.144.209.8 (talk) 18:52, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Oh, I meant to mention: I think for Scav Hunt to get the kind of online treatment you (and I) think it deserves, I think the real solution would be to have a separate web page or a neutral ScavWiki or something. I don't think the kind of detailed information you are talking about will ever grace the Wikipedia page unless Scav Hunt someday becomes more important than lightsaber combat. Illuminatedwax 14:00, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

 * My main objection to the merge was that it happened immediately and without discussion. Anyone, I think, ought to have the opportunity to make their case, and preempting that discussion was more aggrivating to me than the fact that it was done. That said, I don't mind the elimination of the article per se, and I thought the integration of its content into this article was effective.
 * I should disclose my bias as a former judge (which involves much more than compiling and maintaining the secrecy of the list), but I also think that information on teams is desirable, and I think my argument has been a little misrepresented here.  The argument isn't that these entities are equal in influence or legacy to Skull and Bones, but simply that they are as secret, and therefore worthy to be included on a list of "secret societies."  Quite simply, it's a "list of collegiate secret societies," and where that term is defined by membership selection, ritual, history, leadership structure, and relationship to the university and the world at large, I think one could make a relatively robust case for judges, and perhaps for some teams.  But if we are going to continue that discussion we ought to do so on that page.
 * My main point on expanding the article is that it is not worth omitting something informative on that grounds that it may or may not devolve into name calling -- were that the case, it's easy enough to edit out what is irrelevant. Likewise, if information in a longer article in the past was irrelevant, that shouldn't prevent us from adding new and relevant information today.
 * Such relevant information could include a straightforward list of where roadtrips have gone, the relationship of situational/performance and acquired items, a paragraph each on de facto institutions like the party on the quads and Scav Olympics, and basic and streamlined information on teams that have participated in recent years. In addition to the press coverage you mentioned.  But I'm only mentioning these as a few possibilities.
 * I do like the suggestion of a ScavWiki, but I also think that the world's largest Scavhunt is worthy of a bit more on the real deal. This article could safely be doubled in size without being  frivolous or annoying.
 * BlueSkiesFalling 14:11, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Norman the Mormon
I assumed that when they referred to an LDS "temple", they meant a chapel, as non-LDS individuals are not allowed inside LDS temples but are in LDS chapels. Based on that assumption, I changed it; if that is incorrect, it should be changed back. Eran of Arcadia 18:40, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I got the impression they were in the parking lot, but chapel is much more plausible. We should have a cite for these items anyway. As a Mormon, I love this story, but all claims not tied to reliable sources should be removed, and school papers don't count. Cool Hand Luke 19:00, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The only cite that I can offer is that I was the scav hunt judge who wrote that item in the first place and who judged that item, and the team that introduced Norman to me told me the story. But I don't think Wikipedia has a citation format for "I was there". Spikebrennan 20:22, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The school newspaper doesn't count as a reliable newssource??? Any Maroon reporter would be insulted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.144.209.8 (talk) 18:59, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

Teams?
I'm trying to get a link added for my team, GASH. Yes, I have an obvious conflict of interest in that my team needs to recruit people. However, I think that it would be appropriate to include external links to those teams with webpages. To my knowledge, this is The F.I.S.T. (thefist.net) and GASH (scavhunt.net). Can we get these links added? I'm trying to follow Wikipedia's policy on external links and not to have a bot remove them. Yes, The FIST's website is a wiki page. GASH's is an auto redirect to our blog. However, given that Scav is played by teams, it makes sense to at least keep a listing of teams (the Judges do it) and to include links to said teams provided they exist. Buws (talk) 09:06, 31 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately I don't think links to team websites would be appropriate. External links are for web resources that provide relevant encyclopedic information that would inappropriate for whatever reason to include in the article (detail inappropriate for an introduction to the topic, etc.). Remember, Wikipedia is not a directory of links. — DroEsperanto (talk) 17:34, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Revamping
This article has needed a rewrite for a loooong time. While I have an admitted COI (I'm an emeritus judge for the hunt), I promise I'll try to revamp it from an NPOV. Please call me out on any POV I introduce and we can talk about it at length, as both scavvies and wikipedians are wont to do. My main focus will be on reflecting what the hunt is actually like, and also what the format is, the history, etc, all better sourced from the NUMEROUS reputable news sources that Scav has been written up in.-- Shibboleth ink (♔ ♕) 15:11, 14 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Will do, and thanks so much! I feel like at some point I tried to improve the article but I had a hard time finding good sources on the subject. Feel free to share them on the talk page even if you haven't found a way to integrate them into the content of the article yet. — DroEsperanto (talk) 16:18, 14 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Def! here are all the refs I'm going to try and incorporate:

http://www.wbez.org/story/its-25th-year-university-chicago-scavenger-hunt-breaks-world-record-86200 http://www.wbez.org/blogs/claire-zulkey/2013-05/list-best-items-university-chicago-scavenger-hunt-107149 http://chicagomaroon.com/2013/05/17/dispatches-from-the-scav-road-trip/ http://chicagomaroon.com/2013/05/14/scav-fever-spreads-to-zimmers/ http://chicagomaroon.com/2014/05/09/highlights-from-the-2014-scav-list/ http://www.businessinsider.com/university-of-chicago-2014-scavenger-hunt-2014-5 http://chicagoist.com/2015/05/07/a_shark_nato_trailer_glasses_for_in.php http://www.cakewrecks.com/home/2010/5/8/the-university-of-chicago-scavenger-hunt.html http://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/19/us/campus-it-s-that-season-chicago-phd-s-have-taken-back-seat-degree-silliness.html some of these: http://chicagomaroon.com/tag/scav-hunt/ http://chicagomaroon.com/2011/05/10/b-j-dethrones-snitchcock-at-scav/ http://gawker.com/the-university-of-chicagos-weird-as-hell-scav-is-unde-1574711090 http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2008-05-12/news/0805110199_1_scavenger-hunt-las-vegas-brain-power http://www.bu.edu/phpbin/news-cms/news/?dept=1127&id=47783 http://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/chicago/the-weirdest-things-in-chicago http://www.cockeyed.com/inside/meilcarek/meilcarek.shtml http://universe.byu.edu/2014/09/16/provo-breaks-record-for-worlds-largest-scavenger-hunt1/ https://uchicagocareeradvancement.wordpress.com/2012/05/07/scavenger-hunt-and-the-art-of-the-spin/ http://www.chicagoweekly.org/2010/01/28/scav-hunt-incorporated-four-alumni-of-the-world%E2%80%99s-largest-scavenger-hunt-turn-a-hobby-into-a-business/ http://jasondrowley.com/2011/05/08/a-supposedly-fun-thing-ill-never-do-again/ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/19/misha-collins-supernatural-season-8-gishwhes_n_1990234.html http://spectator.org/blog/59145/hunt-end-all-scavenger-hunts

I would propose the removal of the sub-section Scavvenfeast. It does not appear to be mentioned in any secondary materials and is minor relative to the overall hunt. Dingomate (talk) 09:04, 18 May 2015 (UTC)
 * True, I wish it were mentioned more by WP:RSes. MAYBE ONE DAY. But yeah, if we can't find WP:RS es for it, then let's delete the subheading.-- Shibboleth ink (♔ ♕) 13:20, 18 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150514031748/http://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20150508/hyde-park/scavwedding-highlights-annual-u-of-c-scavenger-hunt to https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20150508/hyde-park/scavwedding-highlights-annual-u-of-c-scavenger-hunt
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080309222750/http://scavhunt1.uchicago.edu/lists/1999/node2.html to http://scavhunt1.uchicago.edu/lists/1999/node2.html

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Citation needed
There's no source for scav404.org being the official 2020 Scav hunt.

Hey, Scav teams. I award 2 bonus points to whoever adds a reliable source for that. Not sure if the hunt is already over, but don't worry, you'll get your points. - Alexis Jazz 18:41, 17 May 2020 (UTC)


text:
User:Folkir

My name Folkir means shining light in my native language. I am an African native studying in the United States of America. I hope to get a diploma in dentistry soon.

I am most interested in African issues. I hope to help out and add to the knowledge of Wikipedia in this area.

title: User:Folkir


text:
Talk:Fingerboards

Could someone who can read German that has knowledge in this topic area find out more information about the tournament stuff? I know next to nothing about fingerboarding and just happened on this article at random. Do they even still have tournaments? Is this a current sport? Information on this in English is particularly difficult to find. BenSamples 00:48, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Redirected
The majority of this article has now been merged into Fingerskate, and the article has now been made into a redirect to that article. CLW 22:56, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fingerboards


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hingham Middle School

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep (no consensus). Mindspillage (spill yours?) 05:15, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hingham Middle School
Non-notable. Info subject to change. Denni ☯ 00:48, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand, schools are plenty notable. Possible merge candidate if not expanded in a reasonable space of time. Kappa 01:17, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Cleaned it up a bit. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 01:18, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Schools belong on WP.  Merge if you wanna make the effort.  -- Un  focused  02:12, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Wikipedia is not a yellow pages. -- Cyrius|✎ 02:30, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, no reason to delete. Christopher Parham (talk) 02:38, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable. Force10 04:56, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Oh no not another school article! Schools. Sjakkalle 06:13, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Question: Not too long ago we would delete school articles by the bushel basket-full without a second glance. Many were better than this one. Did (unwritten?) policy change and now schools are notable? Should some write a rambot for American schools? -Casito⇝Talk 06:14, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * No, it's just that the people who want to keep them are being more active now. -- Cyrius|✎ 06:17, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * People are heavily opposed to rambotting such things. It's basically a matter of waves; presently, a lot of people are vocally opposed to any such deletion, hence the daily three-page shouting matches on the topic. It is quite possible that this will be different a couple months from now. Radiant_* 08:44, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * My impression of this portion of the community was that it was biased toward people who enjoyed deleting these pages. I.e. people who enjoyed the power of deletion would tend to migrate here. That induced a bias that seemingly needed to be countered. I expect that when enough people saw their carefully constructed pages get flushed, they came here to balance things out. Like me, for example. :) — RJH 15:34, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * No wonder people use "deletionist" like it's a dirty word. Yeesh. I'm actually offended by this. -- Cyrius|✎ 19:04, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd definitely oppose any move to rambot school entries. Let them grow organically as and when individuals choose to enter them. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 12:49, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - no harm in keeping. Rangerdude 06:44, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - no harm in deleting. Radiant_* 08:44, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * delete not notable. Schoolcruft.  Dunc|☺ 10:21, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete schools are generally not notable. Cedars 13:57, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. People should stop producing these school stubs until Schools makes up their minds :D
 * Keep, needs expansion. -- Lochaber 14:05, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Quale 15:23, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep pending outcome of Schools. — RJH 15:29, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Hingham School District --Carnildo 18:12, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Hingham Middle School is the only public school in Hingham, Massachusetts. It consists of three grades, 6-8. It is located at 1103 Main Street, Hingham, MA 02043. The principal is currently Roger Boddie, and the two Assistant Principals are Derek Smith and David Riordan. The school is part of the Hingham School District.

 * Only public school in small town, part of school district with same name as town. Adress and principles named. I don't see much useful info here. Delete, to make room for other article or transwiki to Student wikicity. Mgm|(talk) 20:37, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: "To make room for other article"? Could you explain what that means? I profess myself utterly mystified. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 22:02, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no evidence of notability. --W(t) 21:19, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
 * keep. can we please stop this?  go to wikipedia:schools instead Yuckfoo 21:45, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I totally agree with Cyrius. There are millions of schools on Planet Earth much bigger and notable than Hingham Middle School. Why do people always forget that Wikipedia is an Encyclopedia. Is this school notable enough? Keep I think I'll write an article on my ex-school now. --IncMan 23:58, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * The very reason to keep these entries is that Wikipedia is an encyclopeda. A special kind of encyclopedia, one where we will never run out of paper. The fact that people of many nations are willing and able to work on the articles is good evidence of their notability--that is, verifiable, neutral information can be obtained on the subjects. Please do feel free to enter articles about the schools that are bigger and more notable, or leave us to those who want to do so. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 22:25, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Except when the database servers run out of disk space and MySQL crashes and we have a couple of days of downtime while the developers scramble to recover the data and hope that no more than a few minutes' worth of work has been lost. No, deleting articles won't help with the disk space problem, but this idea that we actually have infinite storage is just wrong. -- Cyrius|✎ 03:07, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment At the end of May, 2005, the total database for all Wikipedia articles, in all languages, was only about 4.4 gigabytes. If there's a disk space shortage, it's not the articles causing it.   Un  focused  05:18, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * You forgot about the old revisions, like everyone does. Those are approaching 40 gigabytes as a compressed dump just for the English Wikipedia. There's also MySQL's 'binlogs' which are necessary to the replication system and to restore the database if corruption happens, and they tend to occupy large amounts of space. -- Cyrius|✎ 06:31, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Verifiable and NPOV. Double Blue  (Talk) 23:35, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Hingham School District. JYolkowski // talk 23:47, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Notable school that deserves to stay. -CunningLinguist 03:02, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, clean-up, and edit.--JuntungWu 10:11, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Hingham School District per Schools. Encourage users not to clog VfD with schools; merge and improve, don't delete.  --BaronLarf 22:16, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep improving this article. —RaD Man (talk 07:54, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Funny how all those voting with cute slogans like "all schools are notable! Keep and expand!" rarely if ever do actually expansion work. Neutralitytalk 04:26, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Lasky

Lasky is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Art Lasky (1909–1980), American heavyweight professional boxer
 * Bette Lasky (born 1947), American politician; New Hampshire state senator and former state representative
 * David Lasky (born 1967), American cartoonist
 * Dorothea Lasky (born 1978), American poet
 * Floria Lasky (1923–2007), American lawyer in the theater world
 * Jesse Louis Lasky (1880–1958), American movie producer and founder of Paramount Pictures
 * Jesse L. Lasky, Jr. (1910–1988), American screenwriter, often with his wife Pat Silver-Lasky
 * Kathryn Lasky (born 1944), American author
 * Mark Lasky (1954–1983), American cartoonist
 * Melvin J. Lasky (1920–2004), American journalist
 * Mitch Lasky (born 1962), American venture capitalist
 * Pat Silver-Lasky, American actress, screenwriter, and writer, often with her husband Jesse Lasky, Jr.
 * Rick Lasky, American emergency services consultant, author, motivational speaker
 * Victor Lasky (1918–1990), American newspaper columnist and writer

title: Lasky


text:
Talk:Marseilles, Illinois

Referring to Marseilles as a suburb of Chicago is a bit of a stretch- it took me an hour and a half to drive there from Naperville, which already is an hour from Chicago. Its like saying that Milwaukee is a suburb of Chicago- its not true.

Mar-Sails
Someone may want to include the way the town's name is spoken. Mar-Sails. Stargoat (talk) 21:02, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

 * The History section says "pronounced the same as the French city". Is that incorrect? John Link (talk) 20:20, 6 August 2023 (UTC)

Flood
Perhaps a section dealing with the record flooding of April 2013 is in order. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.30.71.158 (talk) 04:37, 26 April 2013 (UTC)

Founder
The City of Marseilles was founded by Ephriam Sprague in 1832 when he moved to the area to establish a sawmill. It was he that named the city Marseilles because it was, to him, an ideal place for an industrial center, much like the industrial city of Marseilles, France. The next year, Lovell Kimball moved into Marseilles, and built a new dam just down river from Sprague, flooding out Spragues dam and mill, and ruining his business.
 * I found the above researching the Nabisco Bldg that is depicted in the town Post Office mural. I'll dig a little more digging....searching for "Sprague". . Buster Seven   Talk  17:53, 29 July 2015 (UTC)
 * ".......until 1832 when Ephraim Sprague erected a dwelling and saw-mill, as well as built a dam across the slough, now the head and tail-race of the Land and Water Power Co. The dwelling stood near the present office of Mr. Newton Ward, ........." "Mr. Sprague was succeeded by Lovel Kimbal, who settled here in 1894. He perceived the ultimate importance of the locality as a manufacturing point and determined to get control of the water power as well as the land about it. He bought out Sprague, whom he had forced to sell, and who left this part of the country vowing vengeance on the purchaser for, as he claims, some irregularity in the transaction.". Buster Seven   Talk  17:56, 29 July 2015 (UTC)

Why the final "s"?
Why did Kimball add an "s" to the end of "Marseille"? John Link (talk) 20:22, 6 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marseilles, Illinois


text:
National Civilian Community Corps

The National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC), or AmeriCorps NCCC, is an AmeriCorps program founded in 1993 that engages 18- to 26-year-olds in team-based, residential community service projects across the United States. Each year, approximately 2,200 individuals representative of all colors, creeds, states, and economic statuses are chosen to serve in one of four regions covering all 50 states and five territories.

The mission of AmeriCorps NCCC is "to strengthen communities and develop leaders through direct, team-based national and community service." Each year, NCCC members complete a total of over 1.2 million hours of service across hundreds of projects in the areas of disaster response, infrastructure improvement, environmental conservation, energy conservation, and urban and rural development.

Inception
The National Civilian Community Corps is loosely based on the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), a New Deal-era work relief program founded by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to employ young men left jobless by the Great Depression. Run by officers of the United States Army Reserve, the CCC employed three million men aged 18 to 26 across tens of thousands of projects related to environmental conservation and natural resource development. By the time the program was discontinued in 1942, CCC members had planted more than 3 billion trees, built nearly 100,000 miles of fire roads, and erected drainage systems for over 80 million acres of agricultural land.

In the early 1990s, the end of the Cold War sparked renewed interest in volunteerism and in the idea of using surplus military resources to solve domestic problems. In 1992, a bipartisan group of senators including John McCain, Harris Wofford, Bob Dole, and Barbara Mikulski inserted provisions into the National Defense Authorization Act of 1993 authorizing the creation of a “Civilian Community Corps Demonstration Program” to test the viability of resurrecting the CCC model as a response to contemporary problems. The following year, President Bill Clinton signed legislation creating the Corporation for National and Community Service (also known as AmeriCorps), which absorbed the nascent Corps as well as other pre-existing programs such as VISTA.

Early development
The first class of 850 NCCC members was sworn in by President Clinton at a White House ceremony on September 13, 1994. Like its New Deal-era forerunner, the new program was closely linked to the military: it was administered by a staff of officers recommended by the Secretary of Defense, and Corps units were trained and housed at campuses owned by the Department of Defense.

The original five campuses were located in San Diego, California; Charleston, South Carolina; Denver, Colorado; Perry Point, Maryland; and Washington, D.C. Each campus served as headquarters for a region covering multiple states. Between 1994 and 1999, more than 20,000 individuals applied to serve with NCCC, but only 6,000 were accepted due to budget constraints. Over the course of a typical program year, NCCC teams would complete between 300 and 400 projects focused on “environmental activities, education, human needs, and disaster response.” A majority of projects would be sponsored by nonprofit organizations, roughly a quarter by federal, state, and local government entities, and the rest by educational organizations and other institutions fitting the NCCC mandate. Frequent sponsoring organizations included Habitat for Humanity, Boys & Girls Clubs of America, YMCA, and The Nature Conservancy.

Disaster response soon became an important area of focus for NCCC. In its first five years, the Corps developed strong relationships with FEMA, the American Red Cross, and the U.S. Forest Service. By 1999, roughly 11% of NCCC projects saw teams working with these organizations to respond to hurricanes, forest fires, and other natural disasters. In 2005, after Hurricane Katrina devastated the Gulf Coast, 80% of NCCC teams across all five regions were pulled from their projects to aid in the response. Over the following four years, more than 4,000 NCCC members would serve on relief and recovery projects throughout the impacted region.

In 2006, then-President George W. Bush proposed a federal budget which would have eliminated NCCC, but the proposal was ultimately not adopted.

2007 – present
In 2007, the Charleston campus closed down and responsibility for the region was divided among other campuses. A new campus opened in Vinton, Iowa the following year, by which point the Washington, D.C. campus had also closed down and the San Diego campus had relocated to Sacramento. In 2009, the newest NCCC campus was opened in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Perry Point campus relocated to Baltimore in 2014 before closing down four years later.

Disaster relief remains a significant priority for NCCC. Teams have been deployed in response to events such as Hurricane Sandy and the 2011 Joplin tornado, and between 2012 and 2019, half of all projects involved disaster services. In 2012, NCCC launched an official partnership with FEMA that led to the creation of FEMA Corps, which adapts the NCCC model to concentrate exclusively on disaster relief efforts. FEMA Corps members “are dedicated to FEMA deployments in areas of logistics, disaster survivor assistance, individual and public assistance, and recovery.” In 2022, the partnership was formally extended for another five years.

In 2023, NCCC announced a new “Summer of Service” program which allows members to serve for three months rather than a full ten. Later that year, as part of President Biden’s Climate Corps initiative, NCCC struck an arrangement with the U.S. Forest Service to create Forest Corps. Beginning in the summer of 2024, Forest Corps teams will assist the Forest Service in conducting conservation projects such as fuels reduction, trail maintenance, prescribed burns, and wildlife surveys.

Program overview
AmeriCorps NCCC is divided into four regions, each covering multiple states and territories. These include the Pacific Region, headquartered in Sacramento and covering most of the Far West, Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and American Samoa; the Southwest Region, headquartered in Aurora, Colorado and covering several of the West South Central states as well as Arizona, Colorado, and Wyoming; the North Central region, headquartered in Vinton, Iowa and covering the Midwest, Pennsylvania, New York, and northern New England; and the Southern Region, headquartered in Vicksburg, Mississippi and covering the Southeast as well as New Jersey, southern New England, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The regions operate with considerable autonomy, recruiting their own members and selecting their own projects.

To ensure that teams are available year-round, regions operate on staggered, ten-month cycles. Each region is assigned a season (Summer, Fall, or Winter) that fluctuates based on need. In 2024, both the Southwest and North Central regions will receive summer recruits. The term is divided into three or four service rounds lasting from seven to fourteen weeks; each round typically corresponds to one project, although some teams may split the round between two or more projects.

Individuals apply to serve either as Corps Members or Team Leaders. At the start of the term, those chosen to serve report to their regional campus, where they are assigned to a team and trained in tool management, first aid, conflict resolution, and other skills. After the training period, teams are dispatched to their first projects, generally returning to campus to transition between rounds. At the end of the term, those who successfully complete the program with the requisite number of service hours graduate in an on-campus ceremony.

Structure
At the start of the service term, each team consists of one Team Leader and eight to ten Corps Members. The Team Leader serves as the liaison between the team, the project sponsor, and NCCC staff, and is responsible for ensuring the safety and well-being of the team as well as adherence to NCCC policies and procedures. Teams are organized into Units of five to seven, each headed by a Unit Leader. Every campus has one Region Director and three Deputy Region Directors.

Projects
Each region selects projects round-by-round from a pool of applications submitted from within its geographical purview. Only nonprofits, faith-based organizations, schools, government entities, and public land trusts may be selected as project sponsors. Sponsors are required to provide teams with a work plan, on-site supervision, and lodging which includes showers and cooking facilities.

While on deployment, teams work, live, eat, and sleep together. Each team is provided with a 15-passenger van for transportation purposes as well as an allowance for purchasing food and supplies. As of 2019, approximately half of all NCCC projects were primarily concerned with disaster response, one-quarter with urban and rural development, one-fifth with environmental conservation, and the rest with infrastructure improvement or energy conservation. It is common for the same sponsor to host multiple teams over the course of several years; a study of 5,004 projects between 2012 and 2019 identified only 1,439 unique project sponsors. Projects vary widely in scope and scale, and the work can encompass a broad array of tasks and responsibilities such as tutoring schoolchildren, clearing away invasive species, building affordable housing, and helping community members file their taxes.

Benefits and requirements
In order to serve, all NCCC members must be citizens or lawful permanent residents of the United States over the age of 18. Corps Members may be no older than 26, while there is no upper age limit for Team Leaders. In order to graduate from the program, all members must complete 1,700 hours of community service over a ten-month period. At least 80 of these hours must come in the form of Independent Service Projects (ISPs), which Corps Members seek out for themselves while in the field (Team Leaders are exempt from this requirement).

NCCC members may choose to resign from the program at any time. While serving, members receive room and board, uniforms, limited health benefits, and a modest, taxable stipend for other living expenses. Members are required to refrain from using federally illegal drugs such as marijuana, and are subject to random drug tests.

Those who successfully complete the program are eligible to receive a Segal AmeriCorps Education Award, which can be used to pay tuition costs at qualified institutions of higher education, for educational training, or to repay qualified student loans. The award amount is considered taxable income and is equal to the maximum value of the Pell Grant ($7,395 as of Fiscal Year 2023). Individuals can only receive Education Awards for two terms of AmeriCorps service. Generally speaking, individuals who leave the program early forfeit their claim to the Award, but those who depart for “compelling personal circumstances” may be eligible for a partial award at the discretion of the Region Director.

Impact and criticism
A 2022 survey found that 87% of project sponsors believed “to a large or moderate extent” that NCCC teams strengthened the communities in which they served, while 89% believed that NCCC helped them accomplish their objectives in a shorter period of time. In 2009, then-Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour hailed NCCC’s response to Hurricane Katrina, saying that teams had rendered “tremendous service” to the Gulf Coast’s recovery efforts.

However, NCCC has also come under substantial criticism, with many arguing that its costs are exorbitantly high relative to its impact. In 2006, President Bush’s proposal to eliminate NCCC drew support from some fiscal conservatives, with U.S. Representative Jerry Lewis calling the program “very costly and poorly administered” and libertarian activist James Bovard calling it a wasteful “boondoggle”. In 2016, AmeriCorps’s own Inspector General published a sharply critical assessment, finding that NCCC suffers from high attrition and low enrollment rates, and that its services “cost the taxpayers four to eight times more than the same services by…other AmeriCorps programs” yet “achieve no better long-term outcomes.” The report recommended that AmeriCorps divert funds away from NCCC and towards other programs like VISTA and Senior Corps, which it deemed more cost-effective. In response, NCCC leadership stated that because of NCCC’s residential nature, it is “[u]nlike any other national service program,” and that “direct comparisons to other national service programs are difficult and cannot adequately capture” the program’s value.

List of National Directors
** Indicates that the individual initially assumed the National Directorship in an Acting capacity

title: National Civilian Community Corps


text:
Talk:Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)

Wikiversity
I think this article has headed in the direction of course material and away from Wikipedia content. Editors should consider taking non-encyclopedic content to start a course in HUMINT at Wikiversity. The two articles could even be linked -- check templates under Sister Projects to see how that could be done. The elaborate discussion of how to conduct an interview, etc, is going well beyond an encyclopedic discussion of HUMINT and into the how-to, which is more instructional. It's fine work, to be sure, but it belongs at Wikiversity, not in Wikipedia. --Pat (talk) 02:45, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

redirects
There are 2 redirect pages to here, "Human Intelligence" and "Human intelligence", what is the policy on capitals ?

I suspect there should be a disambiguation for human (as opposed to animal or artificial) intelligence.

POV
I really think the whole page now is slanted toward HUMINT bashing. I think the proposed change below would be a good starting point. The current article mentions recent failures, but also fails to mention the huge slashing HUMINT suffered in the late 70s early 80s. Also, most current actionable intelligence in the Iraq war comes from HUMINT sources. The object is not to say SIGINT is better than HUMINT. The article should present facts. Cubist77 26 March 2006.

Regarding the "MICE" acronym bit -- would Soviet agents really be trained with an English mnemonic device?

 * Can we go back to the "bashing" version? :) What the current article doesn't seem to mention (I may have missed something) is that intelligence officials would much rather not rely on humint if at all possible. They trust their own eyes more! Student7 (talk) 12:51, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

Relevant to what HUMINT might be is within the scope of what it is not. HUMINT is not a mint on your pillow. An additional reference for HUMINT can be found on page 486: The Intelligence Community, Jeffery T. Richelson Westview Press Boulder 1995.

 * I agree. Soldiers are not those that collect information with HUMIT, spies are the ones that collect information with HUMIT. The photo is not representative and therefore the article shows a bias (using a country that is not know for relying on HUMIT). Esteban.Vicenzi (talk) 16:31, 9 March 2024 (UTC)

dispute
So what is disputed?

(to answer my own question, a month later) Apparently nothing that anyone cares about.

I plan on changing the HUMINT page: extensively!! The reason is that, unfortunately, many people seem to assume that HUMINT refers covert agents running through dark allies, spying on people and bribing people. In actual fact HUMINT covers a wide range of topics of which espionage is only one aspect. Before I make changes I'm going to post my proposed changes below and wait a while in case someone has major objections. L.J. Brooks 1030, 28 Feb 2006 (UTC)

" HUMINT From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search

HUMINT, short for HUMan INTelligence, is one of a series of intelligence gathering disciplines. NATO defines HUMINT as " A category of intelligence derived from information collected and provided by human sources." (AAP-6 (2004)- NATO GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ).

[edit]

What is HUMINT?

Contrary to what most people think HUMINT, does not necessary refer to people involved in clandestine/covert activies. While clandestine/covert agents are part of HUMINT, HUMINT in fact, refers to any information collected from a human source. The person(s) providing the information could be neutral, friendly or hostile. Examples of HUMINT sources includes, but is not inclusive to the following:

 * - Allied intelligence agencies,
 * - Friendly forces (Military police, patrols, etc),
 * - Prisoners of War (PW),
 * - Refugees,
 * - Civilians,
 * - Non-government Organizations (NGOs),
 * - Media personnel/organizations,
 * - Covert/clandestine agents,
 * - "Walk-ins." A walk-in refers to someone who approaches a friendly agency and volunteers ro provides information on his/her own freewill.

[edit]

The section on SIGINT should mention the NSA, because it the responsibility of this organization. I also wonder how much SIGINT the CIA receives from the NSA. Sometimes breaking a cryptosystem is too valuable information to share it with another agency....

See also

* COMINT: Communications intelligence * SIGINT: Signals intelligence * ELINT: Electronic intelligence * IMINT: Imagery intelligence * Secret agent * Double agent * List of intelligence gathering disciplines."

This dispute is weightless. Where are the sources that prove the point you are trying to make? Honestly it sounds to me as if the skills you are talking about is the capabiliteis of a lower enlisted Humint right out the school house. There is much more to Humint than the tactical side. And contrary to Wikipedia popular belief, military does have strategic covert operations in Humint. Matter of fact, it has been debated to possibly push CI with Humint. In closing the list you presented is true to the duties of Humint, however, not all Humint in the military is tactical. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Alexys72904 (talk • contribs) 03:34, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

After some substantial rewrite
It's beginning to be time, considering size, to spawn sub-articles. I have HUMINT interacting considerably with Counterintelligence. The details of espionage, tradecraft and possibly motivation, belongs in its own article. MICE may belong both in counterintelligence and espionage.

I'm beginning to think I'm going too deeply in interviewing human sources, and still scratching the surface. The social networking/wiring diagrams belong here, as well as some techniques for graphically presenting human source info. Unfortunately, some of the better public domain graphics from public domain articles are in PDF that won't let me copy images. I may have to print and scan, as some would take a long time to redraw. Howard C. Berkowitz 22:30, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Added new article
Clandestine HUMINT is logically subordinate to HUMINT and Counterintelligence. Not as closely related, but perhaps of interest, is Special reconnaissance. Howard C. Berkowitz 12:01, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Mark Lowenthal's "Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy", says that the military considers intelligence collection to consist of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), seemingly suggesting that they are three separate components of collection (see also ISTAR). So since surveillance and recon are listed separately, maybe they are not INTs at all? Robert M. Clark's definition of HUMINT in "Intelligence Analysis: A Target-Centric Approach", 2nd ed., p. 90, says that HUMINT consists of "intelligence collected by one person interacting with another person to obtain information." He goes on to define HUMINT as involving the use (and abuse) of liaison relationships, elicitation of diplomats and military attaches at embassy functions, interviews of emigres and defectors, handling of clandestine sources, sampling techniques, and materiel acquisition. Wikipedia also defines HUMINT as "interpersonal contact", seemingly rejecting surveillance and recon from consideration as HUMINT. I think they belong somewhere in the pantheon of INTs, however, since surveillance and reconnaissance data are collected and used in intelligence analysis, not just for indications and warnings (I&W). Just not sure where. --Pat (talk) 01:25, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Lowenthal and Clark do not agree with the Joint Publications and Army Field Manuals on the subject. I think you will find that all military deep reconnaissance organizations report to an intelligence function, and even tactical scout units are presented to commanders as part of intelligence briefing. A partial exception is when deep recon units call in air or missile fires, but, even then, they typically do post-strike analysis that is reported through intelligence channels. I wrote most of the HUMINT article, and I don't believe I excluded surveillance and reconnaissance. Howard C. Berkowitz (talk) 02:53, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

 * The article doesn't systematically discuss surveillance and reconnaissance as part of HUMINT. Special Reconnaissance appears further down the page, and surveillance is mentioned only in context of interrogation.

Unit Support to HUMINT Collection (FM 2.0 Intelligence 6.5 -6.9) treats the soldier as a HUMINT source, whether he is conducting tactical questioning; on a combat patrol "observing and interacting with the local environment" or handling detainees or reviewing captured documents (soldiers serve as the commander's 'eyes and ears'); or handling ISR operations ("The information that the soldier reports ...forms a vital part of planning and operations."). Note that HUMINT Collection (6-4) technically does not include surveillance and reconnaissance as methods of collection (they are: debriefings, screening, liaison, HUMINT contact operations, DOCEX, and interrogation). These combat, surveillance, and recon units may not always be interactive in their duties per se; the interaction required by Lowenthal and Clark, et al, occurs as HUMINT collectors glean intelligence from the surveillance and recon teams post-operation, treating them as sources. I would say that the military is dancing around the fact that surveillance and reconnaissance feed the HUMINT collection process through what is effectively debriefing, just like the debriefing of friendly forces, not that surveillance and recon are techniques of HUMINT, which 6.4 makes clear they are not. --Pat (talk) 17:16, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Perhaps our disagreement comes because there is a blurring between collection and processing. Assume, for example, that there is a harbor of interest. A "classic" HUMINT source might be a recruit in the office of the harbormaster, who transmits arrivals and departures to a case officer. Another way of getting comparable raw infiltration would be to send in a SEAL SR mission, which observes the harbor from a place of concealment, or even sneaking-and-peeking up to the ships.

 * If either were sending photographs as their output, you could call them both IMINT. If, however, the product of both is a result of trained human observation (i.e., knowing the difference between "big gray ship" and Flight IIA Burke Class), I don't know what to call it other than HUMINT. Again, think exclusion. If a patrol emplaced REMBASS remotely operated personnel detectors and withdrew, they'd be emplacing MASINT sensors. If the same patrol goes to an observation point and evaluates movements visually, they are doing HUMINT. The patrol might have a SIGINT augmentation team, as with the Marine radio recon dets to Force Recon or the SOT-A to Army Special Forces, but those augmentations are clearly intended as adjuncts to the primary visual surveillance mission.

 * Does that help? I don't see it as terribly helpful to keep coming up with new "INTs", notwithstanding that some people seem to regard C3ISRTA as radically new. ISRTA in a Brigade Combat Team is simply assigning more intelligence resources, not inventing radically new kinds. Just as a U-2 can carry SIGINT and IMINT sensors, a patrol might carry night vision equipment and a lightweight countermortar radar. The night vision, although it could still be used in fire direction, is enhancing human senses and judgment, so that the product is raw HUMINT. Raw HUMINT information might, in turn, have the intelligence staff order a multispectral MASINT run over the area of view, to check that the visual observation isn't camouflage/decoys obvious in the infrared spectrum.

Howard C. Berkowitz (talk) 17:35, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

HUMINT
Ernx,

Excellent additions. You have me wanting to find a couple of sources, one of which I read recently and even may have cited. McConnell was the Joint Chiefs of Staff intelligence director during the 1990-1991 Gulf War, and has been given a good deal of credit for personally finding some ways to break bottlenecks on information flow.

A few years back, there was an article about how CIA stores its HUMINT in the clandestine services database, which gave me several ideas that worked very well when I designed a system to provide limited research access to medical databases, getting the things for which the requester had a need-to-know, but not seeing individual identifying data. Now, I have to remember where I saw it; I'm pretty sure it was a publication rather than a conversation.

The language problem remains huge. I have a friend, still in high school, who wants to become an Arabic linguist, but she has the problem, which she doesn't really realize yet, that she says she just wants to learn the language and isn't interested in the culture. I only know a few phrases of Arabic, but have had amazing responses when I used them in a culturally appropriate way. I tend to recommend that people who do want to get a sense of the interactions of language and culture start with some of the works of Edward T. Hall, such as The Silent Language. Hall, a cultural anthropologist, tends to be a joy to read -- he imparts information but isn't like a dry textbook. Some of his contributions include structures for physical distance for conversations, the role of personal space, cultural perception of time, and, very significantly, differentiating between high- and low-context languages. The last area has led me into discourse theory, which gave me a way to understand why physicians drop into a professional colleague mode of conversation while they may be brusque with friends who offer suggestions, even with some correct terms, but without having them in the unspoken context.

I don't think the above paragraph wanders too far OT, because cultural as well as language skills are, IMHO, necessary for a good interrogator, preferably working without translators, but even being culturally aware with a translator. Such things are very necessary for HUMINT. One of the US challenges is that the basic professional-proficiency Arabic course at the Defense Language Institute takes 63 weeks. There appears to be a shortened course, used by Special Forces, of several full-time months. It's an interesting US cultural problem -- historically, military and intelligence people were appreciative of immigrants from Eastern Europe, but they are far more suspicious of Arabs, born and raised in the US but multilingual. Howard C. Berkowitz (talk) 19:03, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi Howard, One of the comments in the New Yorker article is that while the 63-week course gets you a proficiency of 4.5 out of 5 on a scale of 1 to 5, another 4 years of language still would still not get you to 5, and that is why you need a true native speaker for infiltration work and also to get nuances in dialogue of interrogation. Erxnmedia (talk) 20:36, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

 * My Canadian friends are very nervous that, when required, I can speak native Canadian as well as USAian. You may know the Japanese concept of the "strange barbarian" that speaks their language too well: It makes some Canadians very nervous when you can tell jokes about their politicians. Overall, I speak competent general English, acceptable Australian, minimal Yorkshire, a bit of Japanese, mostly forgotten German, and what is accepted as my unique mix of Svensk and Dansk. Howard C. Berkowitz (talk) 20:55, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

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Gender neutrality
This article has 37 instances of the word "he" to refer to the interrogator or the subject and no instances of "she" (and only one of "her"), despite the fact that women have been highly important for gathering intelligence even back in WWI (Louise de Bettignies being one example). Replacing "he" and "him" with a gender neutral "they" might be a good start, though it may make some text more awkward. I'd do it, but don't have much time for now. 204.209.16.150 (talk) 03:02, 10 March 2020 (UTC)

Taxonomy of questions
I just removed a bunch of content about a supposed taxonomy of questions in HUMINT from the article question. Diff. It might be more appropriate to incorporate it into this article, though I can't judge the quality of the information, and the URL to which it was cited seems to now be inaccessible. Colin M (talk) 20:28, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

Merger discussion
There are a number of articles created on this topic by a single editor over a decade ago: Whilst I can see the level of detail and investment that editor (who has retired) made; the content is largely unsourced and has a number of other style and substance issues. I propose that the content is merged here, sourced & rewritten where appropriate Errant (chat!) 13:36, 4 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Recruitment of spies
 * Clandestine human intelligence
 * Clandestine HUMINT operational techniques

 * Comment Better keep them as separate articles. 2001:8003:9100:2C01:D015:BF4E:5E4C:B752 (talk) 08:04, 10 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Closing, given the uncontested objection and no support. Klbrain (talk) 18:50, 26 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Does it need to be closed so quickly? These are hardly high traffic articles, they are fairly low quality overall, and a merge isn't going to be a quick job. The objection is far from compelling... I think better to leave the conversation open in case someone comes by and feels compelled to invest the time needed? --Errant (chat!) 22:50, 1 January 2024 (UTC)


text:
Laski

Laski or Łaski may refer to the following Polish villages:

In Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland):
 * Laski, Jarocin County
 * Laski, Kępno County
 * Laski, Turek County

In Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland):
 * Laski, Pajęczno County
 * Laski, Piotrków County

In Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland):
 * Laski, Łuków County
 * Laski, Parczew County

In Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland):
 * Laski, Świebodzin County
 * Laski, Gmina Babimost
 * Laski, Gmina Czerwieńsk
 * Laski, Żary County

In Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland):
 * Laski, Grójec County
 * Laski, Maków County
 * Laski, Radom County
 * Laski, Warsaw West County
 * Laski, Węgrów County

In Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland):
 * Laski, Bytów County
 * Laski, Malbork County

In Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland)
 * Laski, Bojanów County
 * Łaski, Jasło County

In West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland):
 * Laski, Białogard County
 * Laski, Sławno County

In other voivodeships:
 * Laski, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
 * Laski, Lesser Poland Voivodeship (south Poland)
 * Laski, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Laski, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)

Other uses

 * Laski (surname)

title: Laski


text:
Rogue Valley International–Medford Airport

Rogue Valley International–Medford Airport is a public-use airport three miles north of downtown Medford, in Jackson County, Oregon, United States. Owned and operated by Jackson County's Aviation Authority, the airport serves southwest Oregon. Originally named Medford–Jackson County Airport, it was renamed to Rogue Valley International–Medford Airport after it became an international airport in 1994.

In December 2018, the airport celebrated its 1 million+ annual passenger milestone. In doing so Medford joined both PDX and EUG as the only Oregon airports to have surpassed 1 million passengers in a year. By virtue of annual commercial passengers, Rogue Valley International–Medford Airport is the third busiest airport in Oregon with 1,010,920 passenger enplanements and deplanements in 2018 (behind Eugene and Portland). The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a primary commercial service airport (more than 10,000 enplanements per year).

Facilities
The airport covers 938 acres (380 ha) at an elevation of 1,335 feet (407 m). Its runway, 14/32, is 8,800 by 150 feet (2,682 x 46 m) asphalt.

The airport underwent renovations which included a new 110000 sqft terminal building with room for expansion; work completed in 2009 and designed by CSHQA and the Abell Architectural Group Inc. The new terminal has an observation deck on the second floor, a restaurant for screened and unscreened passengers, and second-story loading bridges. Now that the terminal is complete, there is a main concourse, and two open air concourses. A new control tower was completed in late 2008; the $3.6 million, 100 ft tower uses a state-of-the-art geothermal system to heat and cool the building.

Two fixed-base operators (FBOs) provide general aviation services on the field: Jet Center MFR, and Million Air (which recently completed its new three-story corporate terminal).

In the year ending December 31, 2020, the airport had 41,563 aircraft operations, average 114 per day: 59% general aviation, 22% airline, 16% air taxi, and less than 1% military. 201 aircraft at the time were based at the airport: 139 single-engine, 25 multi-engine, 22 jet, 15 helicopter, and 5 glider.

The Medford airport continues to post favorable passenger statistics; following monthly gains in 2019 the facility served 1,087,873 arriving and departing passengers (increase of 7.6% over 2018 statistic).

Airline service present and past
Alaska Airlines offers nonstops to Portland and Seattle/Tacoma. Nonstops to Denver, Los Angeles and San Francisco, flown by SkyWest Airlines operating as United Express, use Bombardier CRJ200 and Embraer 175 regional jets as well as the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737-900 for select San Francisco, LAX, and Denver flights. Delta Connection, operated by Skywest Airlines, flies nonstop to Salt Lake City and Seattle/Tacoma with the Embraer 175. Allegiant Air flies nonstop to Las Vegas and Los Angeles, and seasonally to Phoenix/Mesa, using the Airbus A319.

Medford was served by United Airlines Boeing 727-200s and 737-200s, by Hughes Airwest (formerly Air West) Douglas DC-9-10s and DC-9-30s, by Pacific Express BAC One-Elevens, and by Pacific Southwest Airlines BAe 146-200s. The PSA service was continued by USAir (later renamed US Airways) after it acquired PSA. USAir later ended service to Medford though US Airways Express did serve Medford later with regional jets. The predecessor of Air West and Hughes Airwest, West Coast Airlines, served the airport in the 1960s with Douglas DC-9s and Fairchild F-27s. West Coast merged with Pacific Air Lines and Bonanza Air Lines to form Air West. In the late 1980s and early 1990s United Express operated as NPA, West Air and Mesa flying British Aerospace Jetstreams (19 seat turboprops) directly to both Portland and Seattle. Continental Airlines also served MFR in the late 1980s with MD-82 aircraft. Aha Airlines offered service between Medford and Reno, NV between October 2021 and August 2022 when it declared bankruptcy.


text: User talk:4.168.213.82

title: User talk:4.168.213.82