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Northwest Herald

The Northwest Herald is a daily tabloid newspaper published in Crystal Lake, Illinois. The paper serves the northwest suburbs of Chicago, including all of McHenry County and northern Kane County. Its main competition is the Daily Herald.

The Northwest Herald is the flagship title of Shaw Media, whose corporate headquarters are shared with the paper's offices. It is part of the Shaw Local News Network.

History
Shaw Newspapers first entered McHenry County in 1948, when it bought the Woodstock Sentinel. It bought several more McHenry County outlets over the nest three decades.

In 1983, Shaw Newspapers acquired the Cardunal Free Press, making it the owner of every newspaper based in McHenry County. At the time, these titles were mostly weeklies and small dailies, some with more than 150 years of service to their communities. In 1985, Shaw merged the McHenry County papers into the Northwest Herald, a daily and Saturday newspaper serving all of McHenry County.

On March 12, 1989, the Northwest Herald added a Sunday edition and became McHenry County's first hometown, seven-day newspaper. It had a daily circulation of 29,688 and its new Sunday edition had 29,337 subscribers, which dropped to 21,440 in 2017.

The paper was redesigned for the first time in 1992, with stock quotes added to the Business section and more space and sources for wire stories in the Front section. A Friday entertainment section in tabloid form named Sidetracks was added, as was a Saturday Neighbors section devoted entirely to readers' submissions.

Beginning in 1992, four different Northwest Herald front pages were printed each weekday. The practice, called zoning, ensured that readers would have the most local news product available to them on the front page of their paper. Zoning of the newspaper eventually would be expanded to seven editions in 2002, but was discontinued in February 2004.

After five years as a seven-day paper, the Northwest Herald won its first award for excellence from the Illinois Press Association in 1994. It has won IPA's Sweepstakes award, the Mabel Shaw Trophy (named after one of the founders of Shaw Media), six of the past eight years.

title: Northwest Herald


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User:John Z/drafts/Six-Day War

Background
At the time no Arab state had recognized Israel's right to exist. At the time no Arab state diplomatically recognized Israel.

The aftermath of the 1956 war saw the region return to an uneasy balance, maintained more by the competition among Egypt, Syria and Jordan than any real resolution of the region's difficulties. Egypt and Syria, who were aligned with the Soviet bloc, and Jordan, which was aligned with the West, maintained a constant pressure of guerilla raids on Israel.

This is just plain false. Syria, after 1964 supported rather minor terrorist actions, mainly through Jordanian territory, and was strongly opposed by Jordan, cf below in this article. The Egyptian border was quiet.

In 1956, when the US withdrew its support of Egypt's Aswan High Dam facility, Egyptian President Gamel Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez canal, a move which incensed Britain and France, who were the majority shareholders. The two former Middle Eastern colonial powers partnered with Israel, which attacked Egypt. This alliance quickly collapsed under the weight of overwhelming world condemnation. The US, USSR, and UN were uncharacteristically in agreement on the issue; the USSR even issued veiled threats to use nuclear missiles against Paris or London. Israel was able to obtain the stationing of a UN peacekeeping force in the Sinai, U.N.E.F. (United Nations Emergency Force), to keep that border region demilitarized.

Should be Nasser agreed to, not Israel obtained.

In 1957, at the UN, 17 maritime powers declared that Israel had a right to transit the Straits of Tiran. Moreover, the Egyptian blockade prior to the 1956 Suez War violated the Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone, which was adopted by the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea on April 27, 1958.

The Egyptian blockade in 1956 violated the 1958 convention? Hmm? Anybody see something wrong with that?

Several years later, in response to Israel's construction of the National Water Carrier, Syria initiated a plan to divert the waters of the Dan/Baniyas stream so that the water would not enter Israel and the Sea of Galilee, but rather flow through Syria to Jordan and into the Jordan river. In addition to sponsoring attacks against Israel (often through Jordanian territory, much to King Hussein's chagrin), Syria also began shelling Israeli civilian communities in north-eastern Galilee, from positions on the Golan Heights. Although Israel destroyed the water-diversion facilities in 1964, the border remained a scene of constant conflict.

Should be something about DMZ's, Hussein's chagrin contradicts what was said above.

On April 7, 1967, a minor border incident escalated into a full-scale aerial battle over the Golan Heights, resulting in the loss of seven Syrian MiG-21s to Israeli Air Force (IAF) aircraft, and the latter's flight over Damascus. Border incidents multiplied and numerous Arab leaders, both political and military, called for an end to Israeli reprisals. Egypt, then already trying to seize a central position in the Arab world under Nasser, accompanied these declarations with plans to re-militarize the Sinai. Syria shared these views, although it did not prepare for an immediate invasion. The Soviet Union actively backed the military needs of the Arab states. It was later revealed that on 13 May a Soviet intelligence report falsely claimed that Israeli troops were massing along the Syrian border.

On May 17, Nasser demanded that U.N.E.F. evacuate the Sinai, a request with which UN Secretary-General U Thant complied. Thereafter Israel refused to allow UN peacekeepers to deploy on its territory. Nasser began re-militarization of the Sinai. Egypt ordered United Nations peacekeeping forces to leave the Sinai, and in their place, Egyptian tanks and troops were concentrated on the border with Israel. On May 23, Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran (Israel's main shipping route to Asia and other major places of trade) to Israeli shipping, and also blockaded the Israeli port of Eilat at the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba. In accordance with international law (United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, (Geneva: UN Publications 1958, pp. 132-134), Israel considered the closure of the straits to be a casus belli. Almost overnight the tense Middle East had slid from a relatively stable status quo to the brink of regional war.

Redundancies. Its interpretation.

The few regional forces which might have prevented war quickly crumbled. In spite of the will of Jordan's Hussein, who felt that Nasser's pan-Arabism was threatening his rule, it had numerous supporters in Jordan, and May 30 saw Egypt and Jordan signing a mutual defense treaty. President Nasser, who had called King Hussein an "imperialist lackey" just days earlier, declared: "Our basic objective will be the destruction of Israel. The Arab people want to fight."

Several days later Jordanian forces were given to the command of an Egyptian general. Israel called upon Jordan numerous times to refrain from hostilities. Hussein, however, was caught on the horns of a galling dilemma: allow Jordan to be dragged into war and face the brunt of the Israeli response, or remain neutral and risk full-scale insurrection among his own people.

Should be something about the raid on Samu here.

Israel's own sense of concern regarding Jordan's future role originated in Jordanian control of the West Bank. This put Arab forces just 17 kilometers from Israel's coast, a jump-off point from which a well co-ordinated tank assault could cut Israel in two within half an hour. Although the size of Jordan's army meant that Jordan was probably incapable of executing such a maneuver, the country was perceived as having a history of being used by other Arab states as staging grounds for operations against Israel; thus, attack from the West Bank was always viewed by the Israeli leadership as a threat to Israel's existence. At the same time several other Arab states not bordering Israel, including Iraq, Sudan, Kuwait and Algeria, began mobilising their armed forces.

Israel watched these developments with alarm, and tried various diplomatic routes to try settling them. The U.S. and U.K. were asked to open the Tiran straits, as they guaranteed they would in 1957.

this is false.

Jordan was asked by the Jewish lobby in the USA through numerous channels, weeks before the war, to refrain from entering the conflict. All Israeli requests for peace were left unanswered, creating a feeling of grave concern for the future of the country. Israelis claimed that the closing the Straits met the international criteria for an act of war. On June 3 the Johnson administration gave its acquiescence to an operation against Egypt,

this is still hotly debated.

and plans for war were finally approved. Israel's attack against Egypt on June 5 began what would later be dubbed the Six-Day War.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:John Z/drafts/Six-Day War


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Arturo Godoy

Arturo Godoy (October 10, 1912 – 1986) was a Chilean professional boxer, also nicknamed "Arturito".

Biography
He was born in Iquique on October 10, 1912. He was South American Heavyweight Champion and had an extensive and successful career in Argentina, Cuba, Spain, and the United States roughly between 1931 and 1954. In New York, he beat Tony Galento.

He is best known for his two epic fights with Joe Louis for the World Heavyweight Championship in 1940. The first was held at the Madison Square Garden on February 10, 1940, and went the full length of 15 rounds. The 2 ringside judges split their votes and the tie was broken by the referee, who gave it to Louis, to the protest of a substantial part of the audience, who had been won over by the fact that Godoy showed no fear of Louis and by the additional fact that Louis was not able to knock out his opponent after a string of K.O.s and T.K.O.s. South Americans and Chileans in particular thought that Godoy had indeed won the fight and from then on the figure of Godoy acquired mythical proportions. A second fight was scheduled for June 20, 1940. Joe Louis prepared to counteract Godoy's strategy and ring tactics, focusing on bringing him up from his unusual low stance with a combination of hooks to the body and uppercuts. Godoy fought bravely but the referee had to stop the fight in the 8th round. Godoy continued fighting until 1954 and returned to Chile, where he was regarded as a hero.

He died in Chile in 1986.

Legacy
His life was used as the base for the novel "Muriendo por la dulce patria mía" ([[Laurel Editores]], 2017) by Roberto Castillo Sandoval.

title: Arturo Godoy


text:
Talk:Northwest Herald

Untitled
I agree with everything is that article. Awesome!

NPOV
The first version of this page contained a lot rubbish. I've drastically reduced the content in order to keep it NPOV. UkPaolo 18:55, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

"Enola Homosexual" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Enola Homosexual. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 September 28 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Soumya-8974 talk contribs subpages 18:37, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Northwest Herald


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Symphysis

A symphysis (, : symphyses ) is a fibrocartilaginous fusion between two bones. It is a type of cartilaginous joint, specifically a secondary cartilaginous joint.

 * 1) A symphysis is an amphiarthrosis, a slightly movable joint.
 * 2) A growing together of parts or structures.

Unlike synchondroses, symphyses are permanent.

Examples
The more prominent symphyses are:
 * the pubic symphysis
 * sacrococcygeal symphysis
 * intervertebral disc between two vertebrae
 * in the sternum, between the manubrium and body
 * mandibular symphysis, in the jaw

Pubic symphysis diastasis
Pubic symphysis diastasis is an extremely rare complication that occurs in women who are giving birth. Separation of the two pubic bones during delivery at the symphyseal joint is extremely rare. Typically, during the birthing process, there is a sound that can be heard by the human ear to detect that there could be a case of symphyseal diastasis. There is pain that is associated with symphyseal diastasis that can make simple everyday tasks truly unbearable. A few of the medical techniques that are used to fully confirm a diagnosis of symphyseal diastasis are "radiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging." Many overlook their pain that they experience after delivering their child, and just account the pain as postpartum which delays the diagnosis and treatment for symphyseal diastasis.

The common cause of this disorder is when there is a high energy event that is occurring like vaginal child birth. Sometimes symphyseal diastasis is known as "Floating Pubic Symphysis (FPS)." Treatments for this disorder include "external fixation, subcutaneous fixation, internal fixation, and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation." This problem must be resolved immediately because it can cause other problems like "hemorrhagic shock and rectal, urogenital, and vaginal injuries".

Often, patients with pubic symphysis diastasis are able to benefit from non-operative procedures to heal them and take away their pain. When the non-operative procedures prove to be unhelpful, the doctors have to resort to surgical procedures to ease the pain and fix the problem. Even though this illness is extremely rare, there have been treatments that have been discovered.

This disease does not only occur within postpartum mothers. Many athletes experience symphyseal diastasis when they are playing in their sports fields. The symptoms include groin pain and increased pain when participating in weight bearing activities. Even without proof or diagnosis of a hernia, there can be major pain and soreness experienced in the area of the symphysis.

title: Symphysis


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/MemeBot

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge and redirect to Memetics -- Francs2000 | Talk 12:39, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

MemeBot, Memeoid, memotype, and meme-complex

 * See also Votes for deletion/Memethics

A collection of neologisms that are dicdefs at best if notable. The first two were created by the same anon. Delete. --Dmcdevit·t 22:53, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Neologisms that are referred by other articles should probably be clarified/defined on their own pages. Some references as to the origin of the word memebot should probably be cited. (by 64.81.133.205, who didn't sign)
 * Merge all into memetics. —PrologFan {Talk} 00:02, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge all into Memetics. Thanks for the meme-ories. JamesBurns 10:07, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps we should create wiktionary entries and crosslink for neologisms that don't have extensive etymologies? Anonymous 01 Aug 2005 (EST)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/MemeBot


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Howard DGA-8

The Howard DGA-8, DGA-9, DGA-11, and DGA-12 were a family of four-place, single-engine, high-wing light monoplanes built by the Howard Aircraft Corporation, Chicago, Illinois from 1936.

Development
The various models were distinguished by different engine choices and detail changes, and were built and sold in parallel to each other. A number of examples were built as one type and converted to another during their lifetimes. The DGA-11, powered by a nine-cylinder 450 hp Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior radial engine, was purportedly the fastest four-seat civil aircraft of the late 1930s, able to achieve a top speed of about 200 mi/h. A favorite of the high society and Hollywood circles, the DGA-11 cost about $16,500 in 1938. These aircraft were a direct developments of the famous Howard racing plane Mister Mulligan. Designer/pilot Ben Howard's "DGA" prefix stood for "Damned Good Airplane".

History
The DGA-6's racing success brought the DGA series much attention, and in its various permutations, differentiated mainly by different powerplants, the DGAs -8, -9, -11, -12 (and later DGA-15) emerged as coveted aircraft, owned by corporations, wealthy individuals, and movie stars, such as Wallace Beery, who was himself a pilot. Spanish conductor and pianist Jose Iturbi owned and flew a DGA-11 "El Turia" (NC22402). In an era when airlines were flying DC-3s, the Howards at 160 to 170 mi/h could match their speed and range. The rear seat exceeded airline leg room with limousine-like spaciousness. With its high wing loading, the Howards rode through most turbulence with airline-like solidity. The -11 was probably the ultimate of the series. Configured as a four-place aircraft with the 450 hp Pratt & Whitney R-985.

With America's entry into World War II, most of the civilian Howards were commandeered by the military. The Army used them as officer transports and as ambulance planes. They were used variously as an officer's utility transport and for instrument training. The Howard was and is an excellent instrument platform, very stable and solid, especially compared to modern light aircraft.

A number of these aircraft still fly, and another example of a DGA-11, restored by Jim Younkin, can be seen in the Arkansas Air & Military Museum.

Variants

 * DGA-8 - version with Wright R-760 engine (18 built, 1 impressed by USAAF as UC-70C)
 * DGA-9 - version with Jacobs L-5 engine (7 built, 2 impressed by USAAF as UC-70D)
 * DGA-11 - version with Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior engine (4 built; several more converted from DGA-8, -9 etc.)
 * DGA-12 - version with Jacobs L-6 engine (2 built, both impressed by USAAF as UC-70A)
 * UC-70 - DGA-8/ -9/ -12 and -15 aircraft impressed into service with the USAAC as utility transports.

title: Howard DGA-8


text:
Talk:SoundStorm

This article is wrong and repeats a common misconception. SoundStorm never was a sound chip. Soundstorm was/is a certification/branding. Perhaps it can be thought of as somewhat akin to Centrino. The Nforce APU was the sound 'chip'.
 * Okay I fixed it myself largely.

--

I have replaced the information on Creative's purchase of Sensaura, adding a cite. This is very relevant to NVIDIA's discontinuation of the SoundStorm, given that without Sensaura's middleware, any further development of the SoundStorm platform would require NVIDIA to write that code themselves, increasing development costs substantially.

--

And I have deleted the above statement which is categorically incorrect! Unlike most of Sensaura's customers, Nvidia developed their own drivers (using of course the Sensaura IP). Creative's purchase of Sensaura had no direct bearing on further development of Sensaura. It is just coincidental that Nvidia's decision to discontinue hardware audio acceleration happened around the same time as Creative's purchase of Sensaura. Other Sensaura licensees (e.g. Analog Devices with their SoundMAX branded audio) continue to use the technology and the Sensaura team continue to develop and support those customers and the drivers that they use.

Also, it should be noted that Nvidia remain a licensee of Sensaura technology. Although the Nforce 1 MCP chip is no longer shipping on PC motherboards, the Xbox 1 is still shipping with the MCP-X. If Nvidia chose to ship Sensaura on PC motherboards that use the MCP then they could still do so.

--

"Creative's purchase of Sensaura had no direct bearing on further development of Sensaura." This is, of course, why there have been no new drivers for the cards of Sensaura licensees like the M-Audio Revolution series, the Turtle Beach Santa Cruz/Catalina, AD's SoundMax hardware, and other similar hardware since early 2004, even though those cards and chips are still on the marketplace.

Totally a coincidence. Nothing to do with Sensaura being purchased by Creative in late 2003 and the "repurposing" of their development staff. Anyone who says otherwise just hates Creative.

Not going to bother editing the main page because it'll just get changed back. Luckily, most people who actually know anything about sound cards already know what's going on.

--

Sorry, typo on my part. I meant to write "Creative's purchase of Sensaura had no direct bearing on further development of Soundstorm." Of course Sensaura's customers had concerns about taking technology from major competitor Creative. Many chose to switch to QSound or their own in-house 3D audio solutions. But Sensaura/Creative do still license the technology to those that want it. The technology is still being developed. Analog Devices are one company that still use Sensaura and they have issued a number of driver updates since Sensaura's purchase.

--

This article doesn't have any dates. Can we please mix in some of the chronology of what happened when? Rektide (talk) 18:40, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:SoundStorm


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Talk:Central station (MTR)

Untitled
Didn't the (Chater) station go into service as part of the Kwun Tong Line in the very beginning? And by the way did the Pedder Station (which is actually beneath Des Vœux Road Central instead of West) go into service together with Sheung Wan (or Western Market) Station? — Instantnood 18:50, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

About the Tsuen Wan Line platforms
To 68.33.194.218,

Please stop modifying the presentation of Tsuen Wan Line platforms of Central station. Since the platforms share the same island platform and are both northbound, there is no need to seperate the platforms into 2 lines. Kylohk 17:17, 19 October 2005 (UTC)Kylohk

Entrance/Exit?
MTR officially name the doors "exits", not "entrance/exits". I'm going to revert that. -- D e  ryc  k C.  15:14, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Also, could someone add the exit locations, please? Wiki is quick to load, the other MTR websites are riddled with outside objects being called and takes ages to load, that's why I came here to check out the exit locations. There are several J and K exits, for example. The photograph is too generalised. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 223.18.126.235 (talk) 08:26, 4 September 2015 (UTC)

Is it possible
To modify the style of the bus route presentation so it looks more like a paragraph instead of a list? De ryc k C.  08:48, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Well, being the person who added the transport connections in the first place, I will explain the layout. Well, the purpose of that section is to inform the general public which buses they can take to other destinations as they leave the system. Therefore, it is best to list each destination, and the bus route and exit served. Using paragraphs will make it tiring for the public to find his desired route.--Kylohk 13:03, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

However, a list format is not quite contending to the writing style here. -- D e  ryc  k C.  15:14, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Agree with Deryck. Please bear in mind that wikipedia is not a travel guide. A list of buses seems to be pervasive in thes transport articles. It is a "laundry list" and ought to be mown down so that it does not interfere with the encyclopaedic content. Ohconfucius 04:51, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Platforms
Do you know the Platform 3 is a special platform? It is on the concourse near the way to HOK Station for passengers from HOK to the east of HK Island 218.102.212.22 02:17, 6 August 2007 (UTC) 10.24.563 6-8-07

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Central Station (MTR). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20050405043554/http://www.info.gov.hk:80/napco/index-e.html to http://www.info.gov.hk/napco/index-e.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 21:19, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Central station (MTR)


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Nara (Oka)

The Nara (Нара) is a river in the Moscow Oblast and Kaluga Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Oka. The length of the river is 158 km. The area of its basin is 2030 km2. The Nara freezes up in November–December and stays under the ice until April. The cities of Naro-Fominsk and Serpukhov are located on the Nara River.

Etymologically, the name Nara is of Baltic origin, a cognate of the Lithuanian nerti generally meaning "to dive, swim downstream" as well as "to net, crochet". This is because the area around its course was once inhabited by Eastern Galindians (Russian: Goliadj, голядь), a Baltic tribe.

title: Nara (Oka)


text: User talk:65.213.77.129

title: User talk:65.213.77.129


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Costa Brava

The Costa Brava (, ; "Wild Coast" or "Rough Coast") is a coastal region of Catalonia in northeastern Spain. Sources differ on the exact definition of the Costa Brava. Usually it can be regarded as stretching from the town of Blanes, 60 km northeast of Barcelona, to the French border – in other words it consists of the coast of the province of Girona.

In the 1950s, the Costa Brava was identified by the Spanish government and local entrepreneurs as being suitable for substantial development as a holiday destination, mainly for package holiday tourists from Europe. The combination of a very good summer climate, nature, excellent beaches and a favourable foreign exchange rate (before the creation of the single European currency), which made Costa Brava an attractive tourist destination, was exploited by the construction of large numbers of hotels and apartments in such seaside resorts as Blanes, Tossa de Mar and Lloret de Mar. Tourism rapidly took over from fishing as the principal business of the area.

Etymology

The coast was named Costa Brava by Ferran Agulló i Vidal in an article published in the Catalan newspaper La Veu de Catalunya in September 1908. Agulló, a journalist born in Girona, referred to the rugged landscape of the Mediterranean coast which runs from the River Tordera, near Blanes, to Banyuls with the name Costa Brava. Costa is the Catalan and Spanish word for 'coast', while Brava in both languages means 'rugged' or 'wild'. This term was officially recognized and promoted in the 1960s as it was deemed suitable to promote tourism in the region. Before Costa Brava became the official name, other names were suggested, such as Costa Grega (Greek Coast), Costa del Corall (Coral Coast), Costa Serena (Serene Coast), Costes de Llevant (Levant Coasts) or Marina de l'Empordà (Empordà Marine).

It may or may not be a coincidence that the name Costa Brava resembles Costa Blava (the Catalan designation of the French Riviera), which is a literal translation of the Spanish Costa Azul ("Blue Coast"). This in turn is a not-quite-literal translation of the French Côte d'Azur ("Azure Coast"); azul has the same etymology as azur, but it is the general Spanish term for blue, not specifically azure. A direct translation from French to Catalan would have yielded Costa d'Atzur.

Extent
There are several, slightly differing, definitions of the Costa Brava:

 * in his article, Ferran Agulló i Vidal introduced the name Costa Brava for the coastline from the River Tordera, near Blanes, to Banyuls-sur-Mer, in France and some 14 km beyond the Franco-Spanish border at Portbou.

 * the Generalitat de Catalunya defines the Costa Brava as the coastal region that stretches from the mouth of the River Tordera, which marks the border of the provinces of Girona and Barcelona, and the Franco-Spanish border.

 * the Costa Brava Girona Tourism Board, a body of the tourism industry of the Province of Girona, promotes the brand name Costa Brava as an area of 5885 km2. By this definition, Costa Brava includes the coastal comarques of Alt Empordà, Baix Empordà, Selva and the inland comarques of Pla de l'Estany and Gironès.

Description
The northernmost part of the Costa Brava belongs to the comarca of Alt Empordà, and is marked by the Albera Massif and Cap de Creus, the easternmost prolongation of the Pyrenees. This area near the frontier is marked by rough terrain and cliffs, with small bays along the coast, in contrast with the large plains of the Alt Empordà region, where its capital Figueres is located. The first town from the border with France is Portbou, which grew around the railway station. A little down the coast are the seafaring villages of Colera and Llançà. North of the Cap de Creus lies the town of El Port de la Selva, while on its south lie the towns of Cadaqués and Roses. To the south of the Cap de Creus is found the Gulf of Roses, which stretches for fifteen kilometres with beaches and marshlands formed by the Muga and Fluvià rivers, with the protected areas of the Aiguamolls de l'Empordà along the coast. Empuriabrava, part of the municipality of Castelló d'Empúries, is one of the largest marinas in the world, built in the 1960s on the marshlands of the River Muga. Further south lies the town of Sant Pere Pescador and the coastal town of L'Escala. Between this two towns is the village of Sant Martí d'Empúries, which lies near the ruins of the ancient Greek colony of Empúries, founded in 575 BC.

The central part of the Costa Brava belongs to the comarca of Baix Empordà, whose capital is La Bisbal d'Empordà, with the Montgrí Massif extending on its north, from L'Escala to the village of L'Estartit, part of the municipality of Torroella de Montgrí. The River Ter pours its water at this point, near a small archipelago known as Medes Islands. Further south, following a stretch of beach and marshlands, are the towns of Pals, Begur and Palafrugell. At this point the Gavarres Massif meets the sea, with a coast marked by rugged cliffs, small bays and beaches amid coastal villages such as Aiguafreda, Begur, Fornells, Tamariu, Llafranc and Calella de Palafrugell. The town of Palamós, further south, is a major commercial and fishing port. At this point, the coast forms a bay between Palamós and Sant Antoni de Calonge, part of the town of Calonge. South of it lies the town of Castell-Platja d'Aro, including Platja d'Aro, a large tourist resort that has grown along a wide beach. Situated to the south are S'Agaró and the town of Sant Feliu de Guixols, which lies to the north-east of the Ardenya Massif.

The southernmost part of the Costa Brava belongs to the comarca of Selva, whose capital is Santa Coloma de Farners, about 20 km from the Mediterranean Sea. Tossa de Mar is located to the north of the coastline, with several resorts and small bays along the littoral. Lloret de Mar, located to the south of Tossa, is the largest resort on the Costa Brava, with a population of over 200,000 at its peak during the summer. Blanes is the southernmost town on the Costa Brava and is the third most populous municipality of the Province of Girona.

In the middle of the Costa Brava, about 30 km inland from the Mediterranean Sea, lies Girona, the capital of the comarca of Gironès and the Province of Girona. The city has a population of almost 100,000 and lies at the confluence of the Onyar, Güell, Galligants and Ter rivers. Ten kilometres north of Girona is Banyoles, the capital of the comarca of the Pla de l'Estany, on the shore of the Lake of Banyoles. Both the Gironès and the Pla de l'Estany are the inland comarques of the Costa Brava.

Rivers
The main rivers that pour their waters into the Costa Brava are:
 * Muga, which pours its waters at Empuriabrava, Castelló d'Empúries.
 * Fluvià, which pours its waters near Sant Pere Pescador.
 * Ter, which pours its waters near L'Estartit, Torroella de Montgrí.
 * Tordera, which pours its waters near Blanes, marking the southernmost part of the Costa Brava.

Climate
Costa Brava has a typical Mediterranean climate, mild and temperate, characterised by hot, dry summers and moderately cold winters. The annual average temperature ranges from 7 to 28 °C, while the highest temperatures are recorded in the months of July and August.

History
Until after the First World War, the beaches along the coast of Catalonia served for Sunday leisure pursuits for the local people, plus one or two from neighbouring villages. While world tourism had discovered the Côte d'Azur by that time, the Costa Brava remained unknown to it.

A few years after the Spanish Civil War when some sort of order had been restored, the gradual breaking down of Spain's international isolation in the 1950s cleared the way for new options in tourism. The sea and the sun were drawing increasing numbers of people, which combined with the Côte d'Azur already being overcrowded in those days, enhanced the appeal of Costa Brava for holiday-makers who made their way there.

In the 1950s, the Costa Brava was identified by the Spanish government and local entrepreneurs as being suitable for substantial development as a holiday destination, mainly for package holiday tourists from Northern Europe and especially, the United Kingdom and France. The combination of a very good summer climate, nature, excellent beaches, and a favourable foreign exchange rate was exploited by the construction of large numbers of hotels and apartments in such seaside resorts as Blanes, Tossa de Mar and Lloret de Mar. Tourism rapidly took over from fishing as the principal business of the area.

Culture
While part of the Costa Brava coastline lent itself to tourist developments on a very large scale, other parts have retained a more traditional look. Small towns like Cadaqués, which is close to the French border and close to the foothills of the Pyrenees, have attracted artists, such as Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró and Pablo Picasso. The Dalí Theatre and Museum in Figueres is one of the most important and visited museums in Catalonia. One can also visit Dalí's House-Museum in Port Lligat, near Cadaqués and the Castle of Púbol in Púbol. The coast between Roses and Tossa de Mar has many delightful small coastal towns, such as Pals, Begur, Tamariu, S'Agaró, Empuriabrava, Llafranc, L'Estartit, Aigua Blava, Fornells, Calella de Palafrugell, Calonge, Palamós and Sant Feliu de Guíxols.

Museums and collections
The great artistic collection is a set of nearly fifty museums and collections listed among the five counties that make up the name of the Costa Brava. From north to south: {|
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Alt Empordà

 * Exile Memorial Museum Collection in La Jonquera
 * Watercolor Museum. Collection Foundation J. Martínez Lozano in Llançà
 * Municipal Museum of Cadaqués in Cadaqués
 * Museum of the Citadel Collection in Roses
 * Museum of Peralada Castle Collection in Peralada
 * Museum of Taps Collection in Capmany

in L'Escala
 * The Anchovy and Salt Museum
 * Museum Vicenç Folgado Collection
 * Archaeology Museum of Catalonia-Empúries

in Castelló d'Empúries
 * Collection of the Parish Museum of Castelló d'Empúries
 * Museum Curia-Prison
 * Ecomuseum-Flour Mill in Castelló d'Empúries

in Figueres
 * Dalí Theatre and Museum
 * Museum of the Empordà
 * Technical Museum of l'Empordà
 * National Toy Museum of Catalonia

Baix Empordà

 * Farm Museum Collection in Torroella de Fluvià
 * Gala-Dalí Castle Museum in La Pera

in Torroella de Montgrí
 * Museum of the Mediterranean
 * Collection Museum of Painting Palau Solterra
 * Archaeology Museum of Catalonia-Ullastret in Ullastret
 * Rural Museum in Palau-sator
 * Collection Museum of Underwater archaeology, Ca la Pruna in Pals

in Palafrugell
 * Foundation Collection Josep Pla
 * Foundation Collection Vila Casas-Can Mario
 * Fishing Museum in Palamós
 * Collection Dolls Museum in Platja d'Aro
 * Xevi Collection – The Magic House in Santa Cristina d'Aro

in Sant Feliu de Guíxols
 * History Museum Casa Alberti
 * Historical Museum of the City
 * Museum of the History of Toy
 * Salvage Maritime Museum

Plà de l'Estany
in Banyoles
 * Regional Archaeological Museum of Banyoles
 * Darder Museum and Interpretation of space, both in Lake of Banyoles

Gironès

 * Collection Museum Raset in Cervià de Ter
 * Historical Museum of the City of Girona in Amer
 * Collection Museum of the Water in Salt

in Girona:
 * Archaeology Museum of Catalonia -Girona
 * Cinema Museum
 * Art Museum of the Province of Girona
 * Jewish Heritage Museum Collection
 * Small Fantasy Museum, Llorenç Deulofeu Collection
 * Treasure Museum of the Cathedral of Girona
 * Collection Museum Foundation Emili Vilà in Llagostera

Selva

 * Collection Municipal Museum Guilleries in Sant Hilari Sacalm
 * Collection of the Museum Trias of Cookies in Santa Coloma de Farners
 * Art Park in Cassà de la Selva
 * Ethnological Museum Montseny, La Gabella in Arbúcies
 * Josep Aragay Museum in Breda
 * Collection Salvador Claret Automobile in Sils

in Tossa de Mar
 * Collection of Mediterranean Lighthouse Interpretation
 * Municipal Museum of Tossa (Work Chagall)
 * Maritime Museum Collection – Can Garriga in Lloret de Mar
 * }

Language
Catalonia has three official languages, Catalan, Castillian Spanish and Aranese, although the latter is only generally spoken only in the Val d'Aran. Most of the local population of the Costa Brava habitually speak Catalan, and most are also fluent in Castillian Spanish.

Public holidays
The following public holidays are celebrated throughout the Costa Brava:
 * 1 January (New Year's Day)
 * 1 May (Labour Day)
 * 24 June (Saint John's Day)
 * 15 August (The Holy Assumption)
 * 11 September (Catalan National Festival)
 * 1 November (All Saint's Day)
 * 6 December (Day of the Spanish Constitution)
 * 8 December (Day of the Blessed Virgin)
 * 25 December (Christmas Day)
 * 26 December (Saint Stephen's Day)

In addition to these, and through an order from the Ministry of Employment, there will be two local festivals, to be paid and not recoverable, at the proposal of the respective municipalities.

Events and festivals
Pablo Casals, Manuel de Falla and Isaac Albéniz are some of the great figures who have left their mark on the Costa Brava. However, one of the first music festival organisers was Josep Ensesa, who opened the doors and gardens of Senya Blanca, his house in S'Agaró, to music lovers in 1956 with a series of concerts christened the International Music Festival. The success of this festival led other Costa Brava towns to host similar events and nowadays almost all the towns on the Costa Brava hold annual musical events.

Music forms part of the character of many towns and of the several events held by them over the course of the year. However, it is in the summer when emblematic venues such as gardens, covered squares, cloisters, monasteries or waterside venues host internationally renowned musical and cultural events. These summer events showcase all kinds of music, including classical music, pop and rock, havaneres (colonial sea shanties) and Catalan sardana music.

But there are a number of festivals in Costa Brava that stand out above the rest in terms of their history, originality or colour. These include the procession Dansa de la Mort (Dance of Death) in Verges on Maundy Thursday and the Dance of Death, with characters donning skeleton outfits dancing in the streets, the living Way of the Cross in Sant Hilari Sacalm, the floral carpet festival in Arbúcies, the Hobby Horse dance in Sant Feliu de Pallerols, the Ball del Cornut and La Plantada de l'Arbre (The Planting of the Tree) of May in Cornellà del Terri... not to mention the major music festivals, some of them internationally renowned, such as Peralada Castle, Cap Roig Garden Festival in Calella de Palafrugell and Torroella de Montgrí festivals, which draw world-class performers, as well as opera and contemporary music figures.

Calendar

 * Cap Roig Gardens Festival: Calella de Palafrugell in the auditorium of the Botanical Garden, located in a particularly unique place, the sea, is the seat of this summer festival is open to different stage disciplines. Early July to mid August.
 * Music Festival in Torroella de Montgrí: Torroella de Montgrí at the Festival began in 1980 and has always called the Western classical music as a centrepiece of its programming, but over time it has been introducing extra musical elements and other types of samples and cultures. Late July to mid August.
 * International Music Festival of Peralada Castle: a Peralada, held continuously since 1987 in July and August in the monumental Peralada Castle.
 * Festival Porta Ferrada: Sant Feliu de Guixols, Catalonia is the oldest, was born in 1958 at the Monastery of Sant Feliu de Guixols and its name responds to the oldest part of this monumental. Mid July to mid August.
 * International Music Festival of Cadaques: Cadaques in the first week of August. Festival has sought to reflect the eclectic art of the town that inspired countless artists. Its programming covers a wide range of musical genres, from jazz to classical music or even pop and rock, always committed to good music and keeping their uniqueness.
 * Music Festival Calonge: Calonge is the oldest festival in the Costa Brava (since 1968). Classical, folk, flamenco, jazz and soul. August.
 * Musicant: Campllong a festival that is committed to spreading the musical repertoire Catalan for all time. Late August and early September.
 * Schubertíada: a Vilabertran, where festival include Schubert recitals of lieder, but also programmed works by other composers, especially of his contemporaries. Mid-August to first week of September.
 * Acústica Festival: Figueres, below the acoustic or unplugged, there are both emerging and established artists. First week of September.
 * Black Music Festival: Salt, Catalan black music festival. In mid March to mid April.
 * Guitar Festival Girona in different locations in the province of Girona. Last half of July until the first week of September.
 * Festival of the Voice (a) phònica: Banyoles, explores the possibilities of this element is visible but not everyone has joined. Around 24 June.

Literary
The Costa Brava has been a source of inspiration for many writers. This is clear to see in the countless books dedicated to the area and the thousands that have been written here. Josep Pla, Federico García Lorca, Truman Capote, Salvador Espriu, Joan Maragall and Caterina Albert are just some of these famous writers.
 * Roger Weston: The Handler, 2012. The Handler. Novel set in Costa Brava.

Cinema

Over the course of its history, especially over the last one hundred years, the Costa Brava has been the birthplace and place of residence of artists from various disciplines. Several political, intellectual and social figures have passed through or stayed on the Costa Brava, which has contributed to transforming it and boosting its profile both at home and abroad.

Artists and actors in particular have helped to give the area a glamorous image. Elizabeth Taylor, Ava Gardner, Orson Welles, Yves Montand and Douglas Fairbanks all graced the Costa Brava with their glamour, as did Salvador Dalí, Marc Chagall, Dani Karavan (sculptor of the monument to Walter Benjamin in Portbou), Ramon Pichot and many others.

The Costa Brava was a natural film set where producers find the charm that inspires them to create stories starring world-famous actors. Artists also find inspiration for their works and the peace and quiet necessary to produce them.

From the early days of cinema, the Costa Brava featured in many films, which has proved on many occasions to be an added value in boosting its profile as a tourist destination even further. The attraction of the Costa Brava for local producers and filmmakers from the local area and from Catalonia in general is perfectly understandable given its geographical proximity and its highly interesting yet easily accessible locations of all kinds.

It has also proved a popular location with Spanish and foreign studios and directors, who have filmed high-profile films in the area with stellar casts and production values. The commercial success and media buzz created by these productions has made certain locations known all over the world.

Sant Feliu de Guíxols was the most popular location in the counties of Girona for cinema producers and the second-most popular in all Catalonia (after Barcelona). These results are logical enough: the Costa Brava is a potent area full of beauty and diversity, located close to the historical city of Girona with an old quarter that holds a huge amount of visual possibilities.

Gastronomy
Gastronomy plays an important role of the Costa Brava. Anchovies from L'Escala, prawns from Palamós, monkfish from Roses, blue fish from Sant Feliu de Guíxols, rock fish from Begur or skate from Tossa de Mar represent the sea, while turnips from Campmany, onions from Vilabertran and Figueres, rice from Montgrí, beans and peas from Vall d'Aro and apples from Girona represent the land in an elegant fusion of sea and mountain that constitutes the Costa Brava cuisine. However, the gastronomic richness of the Costa Brava is not restricted to its cuisine.

Gastronomy stars
Over 2,500 restaurants throughout the counties of Girona welcome diners with a cuisine based on a combination of quality seafood and the best produce of the land.

By the beginning of the 21st century, Girona province had become one of the main centres of gastronomic pilgrimage in the world. It is no secret that the creation and transmission centre of avant-garde cuisine is now El Bulli restaurant on Cap de Creus, on the northern stretch of the Costa Brava. Cap de Creus was formerly a centre of surrealism in the days when Salvador Dalí resided in the nearby coastal locality of Portlligat. The innovative cuisine at El Bulli first influenced Catalonia, then the rest of Europe, and finally the whole world. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, El Bulli decided to reinvent itself as elBulliFoundation with the aim of perpetuating the legacy of Ferran Adrià. Starting in 2014, introduction to Girona Cuisine the new foundation will disseminate the skills, research, innovation and all future developments coming out of the sanctuary of creativity in the heart of today's Cap de Creus Nature Park. Girona province has always been home to good cooking: such pioneering cuisine could not have arisen without a historical background, local products and raw materials coming from local agriculture, horticulture, viticulture, olive production, stockbreeding, fishing and sausage-making expertise. Nothing was missing. It just took one small step forward to reinvent our traditions. And the Roca brothers exemplify an evolutive fusion between avant-garde world cuisine and their hundred-year-old family tradition at El Celler de Can Roca, a restaurant that has made major contributions to technological innovation and to culinary and gastronomic techniques. All this goes to prove that Girona province is and has always been a powerful focus of gastronomic creation.

El Bulli makes its last appearance in 2011 Red Michelin Guide, when in the province of Girona lists 20 Michelin stars for 14 restaurants. In the same year the World's 50 Best Restaurants list El Bulli (Cala Montjoi) and El Celler de Can Roca (Girona) in the top five. At 2012, 11 restaurants with 15 Michelin stars: five restaurants with six stars are found along the Costa Brava. And in 2012, El Celler de Can Roca is second in the World's 50 Best Restaurants.

Wines
The wines of Alt and Baix Empordà fall under the auspices of the DO Empordà regulatory body. Wines have been grown in the region for over 2,500 years, but in the middle of the 20th century, the quality declined greatly in favor of producing cheap, bulk wines aimed at visiting beach tourists. A focus on quality returned to the winemaking due to smaller wineries opening, starting in the mid-1990s. Now, the wines from the region have been subject to high scores and recognition from international critics and have even become the focus of guides created solely for enotourism.

For red varieties, Carignan (legally required to be 'Samsó' on the label) is prevalent, forming the basis of Empordà viniculture, together with Grenache (sometimes known in Empordà as Lledoner). These traditional varieties are complemented by new ones that are being introduced: Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, and Marselan.

The most popular white varieties are Grenache Blanc, Grenache and Macabeo. Muscat, Xarel·lo recently planted Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Gewürztraminer grapes are also grown, but to a much lesser extent.

Environmental protection
In 1998, the coastal towns of the Costa Brava signed a charter, called the Carta de Tossa, which undertook to pursue environmental protection, along with tourism. This recognised the value of the region's wide range of natural habitats and microclimates. The Medes Islands off the coast of L'Estartit are in Spain's first marine reserve and provide a home to a wide range of fish and aquatic flora. The nearby wildfowl reserve on marshlands at Aiguamolls de l'Empordà also saved land from the potential ravages of development.

Natural parks
Three Parks are present in the geography of the Costa Brava.

Natural Park of Cap de Creus
Protection law in this area becomes the Cap de Creus Natural Park, located north of the Costa Brava, in Port de la Selva, one of the most unusual in the Iberian Peninsula. Determined as protected areas the municipalities of El Port de la Selva, La Selva de Mar, Roses, Cadaqués, Palau Saverdera, Pau and Vilajuïga, with an area of 13,886 hectares spread over 10,813 hectares of land and 3,073 of maritime space.

Aiguamolls de l'Empordà
Located in north of the Costa Brava, between the towns of Castelló d'Empúries-Empuriabrava, Sant Pere Pescador and Roses, this park is the second largest of its kind in Catalonia, as a great number of native species flora and fauna. It is divided into two areas, north and south of the River Muga, comprising the characteristic elements of the landscape of the Alt Empordà.

Montseny Natural Park
Located in the interior of the southern part of the Costa Brava, in Arbúcies (Selva), Montseny Massif is the largest and highest part of the Catalan pre-coastal mountain range, straddling the provinces of Barcelona and Girona. One of the main values of the massif lies in the extreme variability of environments presents significant result of altitudinal gradients and vegetation and the diversity of its relief. Oak and pine forests, forests of cork oaks, oaks and beech trees are some of the shape almost a forest landscape while serving as a refuge for many animal species typical of environmental contexts of higher latitude.

Natural areas
More than 30% of the total surface of Girona consist of protected areas of special natural interest:

Albera Massif
Declared area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, includes the towns of La Jonquera, Rabós d'Empordà, Espolla, Cantallops, Vilamaniscle, Garriguella, Mollet de Peralada and Sant Climent Sescebes. The landscape presents with one of the largest concentrations of megalithic monuments in Catalonia, with small Romanesque churches that make this area one of the most rich heritage and history of the surrounding region of the Alt Empordà. And the Albera Massif presents transition vegetation between the species of the Pyrenean mountains and the Mediterranean, as well as fauna, characterised by great diversity, between the mountain areas and the wetland Catalonia.

Lake of Banyoles
This area of great landscapes and geology covers the whole of the coast called the Lake of Banyoles, which separates the plains of the Empordà and the Transversal mountain in the region of Garrotxa. Lake of Banyoles, with an area of 107 hectares and a feature-eight, is one of the largest in the Iberian Peninsula. The most important lakes of this system are its origin and source of the feed water through seepage of rain in some parts of the Garrotxa through subterranean flows caused his departure abroad. Lake of Banyoles and the collection of small ponds, present throughout the year and chemical processes of thermal stratification. In addition to these features, concentrated around the lake a wide variety of flora and fauna lake.

Medes Islands
The small archipelago of the Medes, located in the heart of the Costa Brava, in the town of Torroella de Montgrí (Baix Empordà) and close to the mountain of the same name, is composed of seven islands that are characterised by rich its marine ecosystem. The proximity of the coast and the River Ter these islands provide a great amount of organic matter, allowing the variety of flora and fauna typical of the Medes. Some examples of this variety are the colony of gulls, the peculiar terrestrial vegetation, algae or coralline seabed, where you can go diving so regulated.

Montgrí Massif
Located between the districts of Alt and Baix Empordà, this limestone massif separates the bays of Roses and Ter, and provides interesting elements of ecological diversity to the landscape. This wild and inhospitable nature makes an exception of the area of the Costa Brava. This area is occupied mainly by pine trees and weeds, in addition to the vegetation that appears not only in forested environments, but throughout the eastern fringe of the mountain, the sea. In this regard include Ferriol and Pedrosa coves, among others.

Ses Negres
The Marine Reserve of Ses Negres, located in Begur, in the middle of the Costa Brava stretches over 1,300 metres of coastline, including beaches of Sa Riera and Aiguafreda. It has a total area of 80 hectares, which includes the cliffs that surround the mountains of Begur. Buoys and beacons define the protected area and also indicate a navigation channel of limited speed. In the bathing area and apnea, respectful and activities compatible with conservation of the environment, there is a recovery of marine life, years after being declared the reserve.

Gavarres Massif
Massive features typically Mediterranean. Located between the counties of Girona and Baix Empordà, is the northernmost of the Catalan coastal mountains. The landscape of this area is mainly forest. The nature of Mediterranean forest gives ample importance to the overall bulk comprised mainly holm and cork oaks. The fauna is typical of Mediterranean environments and forest. With regard to heritage, from the days with abundance of megalithic funerary monuments, in addition, the area also includes the medieval defensive buildings and religious buildings pre-Romanesque and Romanesque style.

Island of Ter
The island of River Ter is a natural area of great ecological value for its biodiversity and for its potential as a setting for environmental education, both for students and for all those who love nature people who visit, where it is favoured because of its proximity to the city of Girona. The area is protected by municipal regulations and by the condition Wildlife Refuge. Presented botanical species of interest, the bell winter woods and some in excellent condition as they have been free from human interference natural setting of the island from the confluence the rivers Ter and Onyar. This fauna, include the otter, genet and various species of butterflies typical of aquatic environments, and a variety of birds such as night heron, the kingfisher and lesser spotted woodpecker, among others. In total, about 200 species have been observed.

Cadiretes Massif
The Cadiretes Massif (or the bulk of Ardenya) is a natural area that occupies almost the whole town of Tossa de Mar and part of Sant Feliu, Santa Cristina d'Aro, Llagostera, Vidreres, Caldes de Malavella and Lloret de Mar. It is a mountainous terrain, granitic between the sea and the plains of the forest, the highest point of which is Puig Cadiretes (519 metres). The depressions are irrigated by mountain streams typically Mediterranean regime. However, the nature of the terrain makes it create upwelling of water throughout the year, along with humidity and precipitation caused by the screen effect of the mountains before the winds making the bulk elements converge of botanical and faunal clear Atlantic. The coast, with more than six kilometres protected is particularly abrupt, which has facilitated the establishment of several important species which have found an ideal retreat.

Guilleries Massif
The bulk of Guilleries is located at the northern end of the ridge just behind and beyond the Montseny, the town of Sant Hilari Sacalm is the capital. The massive mountain range old and worn, covered with thick vegetation, has a total area of 12,500 hectares and is located within the Plan of Natural Interest (PEIN). A succession of peaks, form a unique landscape, thick, quiet and wild. The highest point is St. Michael the Ants, with 1,204 metres.

Beaches and coves
Counting beaches and hidden coves surrounded by vegetation, there are 199 such locations in the coastal regions of Costa Brava.

Beaches and coves of Alt Empordà

 * In Portbou: Port Bou Beach and El Pi, and the coves of Les Freses, El Clapé and Les Tres Platgetes.
 * In Colera: the Beach of Garbet, of Colera and the Borró / Assutzenes, and the coves Rovellada and Cala Morts/d'en Goixa.
 * In Llançà: the Beaches Rastell, d'en Cros, Bramant, El Cau del Llop, El Port, La Farella, Grifeu, La Gota, Canyelles, Les Carboneres and Les Tonyines. Cove Tavallera.
 * In El Port de la Selva: the Beaches de l'Erola, Pas, Ribera, of El Port de la Selva and Port de la Vall. Coves Tavellera, Tamariua, Fornells, Cativa, Galladera and Prona.
 * In Cadaqués: the Beaches Portal, Port Lligat, Ses Oliveres, Gran, Caials, Es Poal, Llané Gran and Port-Alguer. Coves S'Alqueria, Bona, Sa Conca, Ros, Fredosa, Culip, Guillola and Jugadora.
 * In Roses: the Beaches Salatar, Santa Margarida, La Nova, La Punta, Almadrava, Canyelles, El Rastrell and Palangrers. Coves Jòncols, Montjoi, Murtra, Pelosa, Bonifaci, Calís, Calitjàs, Canadell and Rustella.
 * In Empuriabrava-Castelló d'Empúries: the Beaches la Rubina, Empuriabrava and Can Comes.
 * In Sant Pere Pescador : the Beaches Sant Pere, La Gola, La Txarraca and Les Dunes.
 * In L'Escala: the Beaches Riells, Riuet, Sant Martí d'Empúries, L'Escala, Moll Grec, Les Muscleres, Rec del Molí, Port d'en Perris, and Portitxol. Coves of Mateua Island, Montgó and La Creu.

Beaches and coves of Baix Empordà

 * In L'Estartit-Torroella de Montgrí: the Beaches L'Estartit and La Fonollera, between La Gola and La Pletera.
 * In Pals: the Large Beach of Pals and Grau Beach.
 * In Begur: the Beaches of Racó, Fona, Aiguablava and Sa Riera. Coves Sa Tuna, Aiguafreda, l'Illa Roja and Fornells.
 * In Tamariu-Palafrugell: the Beach of Lliris and Coves Tamariu, Aigua Dolça, Aigua Xelida, Marquesa and Pedrosa.
 * In Mont-ras: the Coves Vedell, del Crit and Font Morisca.
 * In Llafranc: the Beach of Llafranc and the Cove El Cau.
 * In Calella de Palafrugell-Palafrugell: the beaches of Sant Roc/dels Canyers, Canadell, Calau, Platgeta, Port de la Mala Espina and Port Pelegrí. The coves the Russian Bath/Massoni, Golfet and Port Bo.
 * In Palamós: the Beaches Remendon, La Fosca, Castell, cap de Planes, the Large Beach of Palamós and the little Beach Sa Tamardia. Coves S'Alguer, Canyers, Pots, Roca Bona, Corbs, Sa Corbetera, Caleta del Morró del Vedell, Estreta, Sanià and Margarida.
 * In Calonge: the Beach of Torre Valentina, Es Monestri, Can Cristus/Ses Torretes, Sant Antoni and Les Torretes. Coves Roques Planes, Cap Roig, Comtat Sant Jordi and Belladona.
 * In Platja d'Aro-Castell Platja d'Aro: the Large Beach and Bays Rovira, El Pi, Canyers and Sa Cova.
 * In Santa Cristina d'Aro: Coves Vallpresona, Caleta de Cuncagats, La Font, de El Senyor Ramon and Joana.
 * In S'Agaró-Castell Platja d'Aro: the Beach of S'Agaró and the Coves s Sa Conca and Pedrosa.
 * In Sant Feliu de Guíxols: the Beaches Port Salvi, Can Dell, Canyerets, de Saint Feliu and Saint Pol. Coves Sa Caleta, Ametller, Urgell, Vigatà, Jonca, Maset and Peix.

Beaches and coves of Selva

 * In Tossa de Mar: the Beaches of Santa Maria de Llorell, El Reig, the large Beach of Tossa de Mar and Mar Menuda. Coves Porto Pi, Figuera, Carles, D'es Codolar, Bona, Salions, Futadera, Giverola, Llevadó, Morisca and Pola.
 * In Lloret de Mar: the Beaches Sa Boadella, Treumal, Fenals, Cala Canyelles, Santa Cristina and the Beach of Lloret de Mar.
 * In Blanes: the Beaches S'Abanell, Blanes, Punta de Santa Anna and Treumal. Bay Saint Francis.

Gardens
In the four botanical gardens on the Costa Brava come together as many native plants typical of tropical plants, which in turn are balconies overlooking the Mediterranean:

Cap Roig Gardens
In Calella de Palafrugell (Palafrugell, Baix Empordà), the species most characteristic of the Mediterranean are mixed with trees and plants from five continents in this botanical garden, one of the most varied of Catalonia. During the summer, the botanical garden hosts a variety of activities such as exhibitions and cultural performances.

Santa Clotilde Gardens
The Santa Clotilde Gardens are in a beautiful landscape on a cliff with views of the sea in Lloret de Mar (Selva). This botanical garden was designed in 1919 by Nicolau Maria Rubió Tudurí, and is characterised by the Italian influence and the formal coherence between the garden and the architectural surroundings. The gardens host several marble sculptures and are characterised by the absence of flowers, contrasting sharply with the wide variety of plants.

Pinya de Rosa Tropical Botanical Garden
In Blanes (Selva), Ferdinand Rivière Caralt created in 1954 this botanical garden that has the peculiarity of having adapted to the Mediterranean and tropical vegetation characteristics. Plants and trees, such as cactus, Opuntia species or aloes, live in a context rich in native vegetation.

Marimurtra Botanical Garden
This botanical garden, located in the south-eastern slope of Mount Sant Joan de Blanes, on the cliffs, was created in 1921 by German scientist Karl Faust. Years later, Marimurtra became one of the most important biological stations in the Mediterranean. The Marimurtra Botanical Garden meets not only native plants and trees, but plant species from around the world, such as Chile palms, bamboos and trees characteristic of Africa and Mexico, among others.

title: Costa Brava


text:
Delwar Hossain Sayeedi

Delwar Hossain Sayeedi (2 February 1940 – 14 August 2023) was a Bangladeshi Islamist leader, politician, public speaker, and convicted war criminal, who served as a Member of Parliament representing the Pirojpur-1 constituency from 1996 to 2006.

In 2013, the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) in Bangladesh found him guilty on eight out of twenty counts, which included murder, rape, and religious persecution. The verdict, which condemned him to death, generated significant domestic and international attention, leading to both support and criticism. The verdict subsequently led to public protests and clashes between his supporters, opponents, and law enforcement agencies, resulting in a series of riots and unrest.

In September 2014, the Supreme Court commuted his sentence to life imprisonment. His trial was criticized by several international organizations including Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International.

Sayeedi died on 14 August 2023, at the age of 83 due to a cardiac arrest.

Background
Delwar Hossain Sayeedi received his first primary religious education at his local village madrassa, which was built by his father. Sayeedi attended the Sarsina Alia Madrasah in 1962, followed by the Khulna Alia Madrasah.

Bangladesh Liberation War
Delwar Hossain Sayeedi was accused of, and later convicted of committing arson, rape and murder during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.

Critics point out that no DNA testing was conducted, and some locals denied that he was involved. His family claims that he was not in Pirojpur at the time and lived in the New Market area of Jessore. Sayedee and his family, then fled Jessore looking for safety and stayed at the house of a pir for about two weeks from around 1 April 1971. Thereafter the Sayedee family took refuge in another village, Mohiron, under Bagharpara in Jessore at one Roushan Ali’s house.

Political career
Delwar Hossain Sayeedi joined Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami in 1979. He became a Rukon of Jamaat in 1982 and Shura member of Majlis in 1989. In 1996, he became a member of the executive council of Jamaat. He served as Naib Amir of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami from 2009 till his death.

Having gained recognition, Delwar Hossain Sayeedi was elected as a member of parliament for constituency Pirojpur-1 in the 1996 and 2001 national elections of Bangladesh.

Trial
On 22 March 2012, the Bangladesh government established the International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh) to hear cases resulting from investigations of war crimes during the struggle for independence. It was an effort to "provide justice for victims of atrocities in the 1971 war of independence." In the lead up to the hearing, Sayeedi's eldest son and mother died, and he suffered a heart attack. This delayed his trial by a month in 2012.

Accusations
Sayeedi was accused of involvement in numerous crimes, including the killing of over 50 individuals, arson, rape, looting, and coercion of Hindus to convert to Islam.

Arrest
On 24 July 2009, immigration officials at Zia International Airport prevented Sayeedi from going abroad. He challenged the government's actions by filing a petition with the High Court on 27 July. The appeals court upheld the travel bar 12 August, hours after the High Court declared the government's refusal to allow him to board an overseas flight illegal. The Attorney General stated before the Chamber Judge that Sayeedi had opposed the independence of Bangladesh in 1971. He argued that if Sayeedi was not barred from foreign travel, he might work against the government's efforts to bring justice for war crimes during that conflict.

On 21 March 2010, Syed Rejaul Haque Chandpuri, secretary general of the Bangladesh Tarikat Federation, filed a case accusing Delwar Hossain Sayeedi and five other Jamaat leaders of hurting religious sentiments. He was subsequently arrested.

Charge-sheets
On 12 August 2009, Manik Poshari filed a war crime case in Pirojpur against Delwar Hossain Sayeedi and four others. His accusations dated to events during the 1971 Bangladeshi war of independence.

Mahbubul Alam Howladar, a former freedom fighter, and now a member and deputy commander of the freedom fighters association called Zianagor upazila Muktijoddha Sangsad, filed charges against Sayeedi with the Pirojpur senior judicial magistrate's court in Zianagar.

The war crime trials of Delwar Hossain Sayeedi began on 20 November 2011 at the International Crimes Tribunal in Bangladesh. The tribunal charged him with twenty counts of crimes against humanity, including murder, rape and arson, during the liberation war. Some of the charges are (a) passing secret information on the gathering of people behind the Madhya Masimpur bus-stand to the Pakistan Army, and leading the Army there, where 20 unnamed people were killed by shooting; (b) abducting and killing of government officials (deputy magistrate – Saif Mizanur Rahman, sub-divisional police officer – Foyezur Rahman Ahmed, and sub-divisional officer – Abdur Razzak) of Pirojpur; (c) identifying and looting the houses and shops of people belonging to the Awami League, Hindu community, and supporters of the Liberation War at Parerhat Bazar under Pirojpur Sadar; (d) leading an operation, accompanied by Pakistan Army, to burn 25 houses of the Hindu community at Umedpur village (under the jurisdiction of Indurkani Police Station); (e) leading the group who abducted three women from the house of Gouranga Saha of Parerhat Bandar and handed them over to the Pakistan army for raping.

Sultan Ahmed Howlader, the fourth prosecution witness in the trial, testified that, during the liberation war, Sayeedi and his associate Moshleuddin confined Bipod Shaha's daughter Vanu Shaha at Parerhat, Pirojpur district and regularly raped her. Another witness testified that Sayeedi had organised the Razakar militia, a paramilitary force that aided the Pakistan army at Pirojpur.

The trial saw 28 witnesses for the prosecution and 16 for the defence. In addition, the tribunal received 16 witness statements given to the investigator after the prosecution argued that those witnesses were either dead, or that producing them before the tribunal would incur unreasonable delay or expenditure.

Controversies
On 5 November 2012, Sukhranjan Bali, a prosecution witness who instead testified as a defense witness, was abducted outside the International Crimes Tribunal allegedly by the Bangladesh Police. Human rights group believed it to be a case of forced disappearance. Later, Bali was handed over to India's Border Security Force. "The apparent abduction of a witness in a trial at the ICT is a cause for serious concern about the conduct of the prosecution, judges and government," said a spokesperson for Human Rights Watch. Bali had been expected to counter prosecution allegations about Sayeedi's involvement in the 1971 murder of Bali's brother.

Conviction
The tribunal found Sayeedi guilty in 8 of the 20 charges, including mass killing, rape, arson, looting and force minority Hindus to convert to Islam during 1971. On 28 February 2013, the tribunal sentenced him to death by hanging for two charges among the eight committed during the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971.

As per the verdict, Sayeedi was awarded capital punishment for the offenses as listed in charge numbers 8 and 10. The court refrained from passing any separate sentence of imprisonment for the offences listed in charge numbers 6, 7, 11, 14, 16 and 19 which it said had been proved beyond a reasonable doubt. At the same time, the accused was found not guilty to the offenses of crimes against humanity as listed in charge numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 20 and was acquitted from the said charges.

The defendant's lawyers boycotted the trial and have said that the charges against Sayeedi and others were politically motivated.

Reactions
Various groups including BNP and Jamaat questioned the legitimacy of the tribunal and conviction.

His defence at the trial argued that this was a case of mistaken identity saying that the original perpetrator was a man named Delwar Hossain Shikdar, who had been apprehended and executed by freedom fighters after the war.

By afternoon on the day of the primary verdict, clashes had erupted across Bangladesh between Islamic activists and police forces. An estimated 100 protesters died countrywide in a series of protests and crackdowns subsequently. According to the BBC, it marked "The worst day of political violence in Bangladesh in decades".

The Amnesty International released a statement on Sayeedi's trial. They noted that the organization neither endorsed the appeals for capital punishment in the case of Delwar Hossain Sayeedi, nor could it affirm that the trials aligned with global benchmarks for impartial legal proceedings. On 2 November 2011, Human Rights Watch released a statement urging the Bangladeshi government to address and investigate instances of intimidation and threats against defense lawyers and witnesses involved in cases at the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT). Furthermore, Human Rights Watch said the proceedings of the trial fell short of international standards and urged a retrial.

The Economist criticised the trial, stating that the presiding judge had resigned and Sayeedi's death sentence was handed down by three men who had not heard all the witnesses.

Appeal hearings
On 17 September 2014, the Appellate Division of the Bangladesh Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Md Muzammel Hossain and comprising a five-member bench, delivered a verdict reducing Sayeedi's sentence from the death penalty to life imprisonment for war crimes. The judgment reflected varying opinions among the judges.

Controversy
In 2004, the United States of America Terrorist Screening Center (TSC) added Sayeedi to its No Fly List, established to prevent suspected radicals and terrorists from flying into the US. In July 2006 Sayeedi travelled to the UK to address rallies in London and Luton; his entry was cleared by the foreign office. Many British MPs considered his admission to the country to be controversial. In leaked emails reported by The Times, an adviser, Eric Taylor, said that Sayeedi's "previous visits to the UK have been reportedly marred by violence caused by his supporters."

On 13 July 2006, the British journalist Martin Bright released a documentary called Who Speaks For Muslims? It included Sayeedi and identified him as having extreme views. Sayeedi has a large following within the British Bangladeshi community. He was invited to speak at the East London Mosque on 14 July 2006; the then-secretary general of the Muslim Council of Britain, Muhammad Abdul Bari, supported his invitation.

Death
On 14 August 2023 at 8:40 PM, Sayeedi, aged 83, died at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University after experiencing a cardiac arrest. Following his death, thousands of mourners and supporters assembled outside the hospital premises in a rally.

Selected published books

 * Biography of the Hereafter
 * The principle of building a corruption free society
 * Demands and relevant ideas for banning religion-based politics
 * Why I join Jamaat-e-Islami?
 * Islam to suppress terrorism and militancy
 * Baby training methods
 * Prayers of the Prophet
 * Why Qadianis are not Muslims
 * The miracle of the Holy Qur'an
 * In the land of the blue sea
 * My duty on my family
 * Open letter
 * The easy process of gaining paradise
 * The ordeal of faith
 * Social life in the light of Hadith

title: Delwar Hossain Sayeedi


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Video BIOS

Video BIOS is the BIOS of a graphics card in a (usually IBM PC-derived) computer. It initializes the graphics card at the computer's boot time. It also implements INT 10h interrupt and VESA BIOS Extensions (VBE) for basic text and videomode output before a specific video driver is loaded. In UEFI 2.x systems, the INT 10h and the VBE are replaced by the UEFI GOP.

Much the way the system BIOS provides a set of functions that are used by software programs to access the system hardware, the video BIOS provides a set of video-related functions that are used by programs to access the video hardware as well as storing vendor-specific settings such as card name, clock frequencies, VRAM types & voltages. The video BIOS interfaces software to the video chipset in the same way that the system BIOS does for the system chipset. The ROM also contained a basic font set to upload to the video adapter font RAM, if the video card did not contain a font ROM with this font set instead.

Unlike some other hardware components, the video card usually needs to be active very early during the boot process so that the user can see what is going on. This requires the card to be activated before any operating system begins loading; thus it needs to be activated by the BIOS, the only software that is present at this early stage. The system BIOS loads the video BIOS from the card's ROM into system RAM and transfers control to it early in the boot sequence.

Early PCs contained functions for driving MDA and CGA cards in the system BIOS, and those cards did not have any Video BIOS built in. When the EGA card was first sold in 1984, the Video BIOS was introduced to make these cards compatible with existing PCs whose BIOS did not know how to drive an EGA card. Ever since, EGA/VGA and all enhanced VGA compatible cards have included a Video BIOS.

When the computer is started, some graphics cards (usually certain Nvidia cards) display their vendor, model, Video BIOS version and amount of video memory.

Modding
Up until the mid 2010s, video ROMs were user-editable/modifiable, which allowed users to configure GPU features like core clocks, VRAM clocks or fan speed curves. In certain cases, a different GPU class could have been unlocked (the most famous example being the AMD Radeon HD6950 and HD6970 series who shared the same GPU, with some shading units disabled through the BIOS on the former. These units could be unlocked by replacing the original HD6950 BIOS with an HD6970 BIOS. The card would then behave as an actual HD6970). However, nowadays both NVIDIA and AMD digitally sign video firmware, which has made it impossible to make any changes to it. Still, in many cases, users can flash a firmware image from another OEM, thus unlocking higher performance modes or changing its mode of operation.

Older NVIDIA GPU ROMs up until the GeForce 900 series could be edited using NiBiTor (NVIDIA BIOS Editor).

title: Video BIOS


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Talk:Samuel Green (freedman)

[Untitled]
June 14th, 2005 This is the only place where I've ever heard of an "African-American slave." Who in Hell composed that weird phraseology? Slaves were captives, not citizens. 16:52 GMT...Tuesday

 * Are you serious? The phrase gets 16,000+ Google hits. And as the article says, Green was not a captive, he was born to slave parents in Maryland. Gdr 21:08, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)

title: Talk:Samuel Green (freedman)


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Talk:Joseph F. Smith

Untitled
I think this article right now needs major work. This is my opinion on how it should flow. Without objection over the next two days, I am going to implement it.

 * Introduction: Who he is, what he did. Short paragraph.
 * Early Life. Mention his earliest memories of his father's martyrdom. Travel to Utah.
 * Utah life. His missions. His other activities. His marriages.
 * General Authority. Called to serve in first presidency and as an apostle. His positions and accomplishments. Mention contemporary church history.
 * Church President. Mention historical events - Smoot Hearings, 1904 Manifesto, doctrinal clarifications
 * Books he authored. (I may be confusing him with Joseph Fielding Smith?)
 * Family life, connections with other church leaders, number of wives and children.
 * Quotes.
 * References: books about him, articles about him, and webpages about him.

Please let me know what you think. Jgardner 18:53, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:45, 27 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joseph F. Smith


text: User talk:80.40.6.133

title: User talk:80.40.6.133


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Arcata–Eureka Airport

California Redwood Coast – Humboldt County Airport, also known as Arcata–Eureka Airport and Arcata Airport, is in Humboldt County, California, United States, 8 mi north of Arcata and 15 mi north of Eureka, in McKinleyville.

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a Nonhub primary commercial service airport. The airport is a federally designated port of entry for civil aircraft arriving in the United States. The airport is the site of the command center for and primary facilities of the United States Coast Guard Air Station Humboldt Bay, which provides rescue and law enforcement for the region north of the San Francisco Bay Area.

History
The airport was built by the United States Navy during World War II to test defogging systems. It operated in support of the Naval Air Station Alameda as the Arcata Naval Auxiliary Air Station (NAAS) and was headquarters for the Eureka section of naval local defense forces for the 12th Naval District.

In December 1947 a Southwest Airways Douglas DC-3 made the world's first blind landing by a scheduled commercial airliner using Ground-Controlled Approach (GCA) radar, Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation (FIDO) oil-burners next to the runway. By the following year the airline had made 1,200 routine instrument landings at the often fog-shrouded airport.

Facilities
The airport covers 745 acre at an elevation of 222 ft. It has two asphalt runways: 14/32 is 6046 by and 01/19 is 4501 by.

The airport is under the jurisdiction of the California Coastal Commission and major changes to the airport such as rezoning or fencing in the airport require its approval.

The approach path for runway 32 passes over Central Avenue. The glare of the strobe lights that direct planes to the runway were a hazard for drivers, especially during rain when the strobes' intensity increased and the road reflected the blinking lights. Baffles were installed on the strobes which block the lights from shining on the road while still guiding aircraft.

Statistics
In the year period ending May 31, 2019, the airport had 42,174 aircraft operations, average 116 per day: 61% military, 25% general aviation, and 14% airline. 24 aircraft at the time were based at the airport: 18 single-engine, 3 multi-engine, and 3 helicopters.

Current airline service
Scheduled flights are currently operated by SkyWest Airlines flying as United Express on a code sharing basis on behalf of United Airlines with three or four nonstop flights per day to SFO on Canadair CRJ-200 and Embraer 175 regional jets as well one nonstop flight per day to both LAX and Denver International Airport.

SkyWest Airlines also operated American Eagle service from the airport via a code sharing agreement on behalf of American Airlines with nonstop flights to the American hub in Phoenix (PHX) operated with Canadair CRJ-700 regional jets. The service started June 3, 2021, and ended August 15, 2022.

Daily nonstop service to Denver International Airport (DEN) began on June 7, 2019.

Service has increased significantly since 2015, with five new destinations (LAX, DEN, BUR, PHX, & LAS), and passenger departures have increased 56%.

On May 19, 2021, new nonstop scheduled passenger service to Hollywood Burbank Airport (BUR) operated by Avelo Airlines was initiated with Boeing 737-800 mainline jetliners which are currently the largest aircraft type serving the airport. Avelo added service to Las Vegas Harry Reid International Airport in November 2021. The service ended on May 2, 2022, resumed on September 8, 2023, and ended again January 8, 2024.

On November 9, 2021, new nonstop scheduled service to Reno-Tahoe International Airport (RNO) operated by Aha! Airlines was initiated with Embrear 145s. Aha! ended service to Reno on March 30, 2022.

In August 2022, Alaska Airlines announced a possible reintroduction of service to Seattle Tacoma International Airport or Portland International Airport. On October 20, 2022, the airline cited a potential delay due to the ongoing pilot shortage.

Past airline service
ACV was served by Eureka Aero (mid-1970s) (Eureka, Crescent City), Air Oregon (early 1980s) (San Francisco, Sacramento, Portland, OR, Medford, OR, Eugene, OR, North Bend, OR), American Eagle (San Jose), Pacific Air Lines and predecessor Southwest Airways (San Francisco), Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) (San Francisco), Horizon Air (from 1994 to 2011) (Redding, Portland, Los Angeles and briefly Seattle), Delta Connection (2008–2010) operated by SkyWest Airlines (Salt Lake City), Hughes Airwest and predecessor Air West (Crescent City, Medford, San Francisco, Eugene, Los Angeles, Portland and Seattle); Republic Airlines (1979–1986) (San Francisco and other destinations); United Airlines (San Francisco), WestAir operating as United Express (San Francisco), and Arcata Flying Service (early 1980s) (Redding, Portland, and Oakland). In 2016 and part of 2017, PenAir offered service to Portland International (PDX) and Redding (RDD) with 30 passenger Saab 340Bs. American Airlines started flights to Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport on June 3, 2021, but ended them on August 15, 2022. Aha Airlines also started flights to Reno-Tahoe International Airport on November 11, 2021, but ended on March 30, 2022.

Past jet service

 * Pacific Air Lines flew Boeing 727-100s nonstop to San Francisco and direct to Burbank.
 * Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) flew BAe 146-200s nonstop to San Francisco and direct to Los Angeles.
 * WestAir (operating code sharing service as United Express on behalf of United Airlines) flew BAe 146-200s nonstop to San Francisco.
 * United Airlines flew Boeing 737-200s to San Francisco.
 * SkyWest (operating code sharing service as the Delta Connection on behalf of Delta Air Lines) flew Canadair CRJ-200s to Salt Lake City.
 * Hughes Airwest (previously Air West) flew Douglas DC-9-10s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s nonstop to San Francisco and direct to Los Angeles, Phoenix, Tucson, Portland, OR and Seattle. At one point, Hughes Airwest DC-9s flew direct, no change of plane DC-9 service to Mazatlan and Guadalajara via San Francisco, Los Angeles and Tucson. Predecessor Air West operated Boeing 727-100s, Douglas DC-9-10s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s nonstop to San Francisco.
 * Republic Airlines, which was the successor to Hughes Airwest, operated McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s nonstop to San Francisco with direct, no change of plane DC-9 service to Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Tucson, Memphis and Tampa during the early 1980s.

The first jets scheduled to ACV were Pacific Air Lines Boeing 727-100s in 1967; Pacific also served ACV with Fairchild F-27 turboprops.

Ground transportation

 * The U.S. Route 101 freeway is accessible to the airport via the Arcata Airport exit.
 * Amtrak Thruway: Dedicated Express Service to Martinez connecting with Amtrak California's San Joaquin and Capitol Corridor trains.
 * Redwood Transit System
 * Door-to-door airport shuttle Service, taxis, and rental cars can be arranged at the airport.

Other local airports

 * Eureka Municipal Airport
 * Kneeland Airport
 * Murray Field
 * Rohnerville Airport

title: Arcata–Eureka Airport


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distributed.net official logo. Permission from bovine@distributed.net

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