text:
Hierarchical storage management

Hierarchical storage management (HSM), also known as tiered storage, is a data storage and data management technique that automatically moves data between high-cost and low-cost storage media. HSM systems exist because high-speed storage devices, such as solid-state drive arrays, are more expensive (per byte stored) than slower devices, such as hard disk drives, optical discs and magnetic tape drives. While it would be ideal to have all data available on high-speed devices all the time, this is prohibitively expensive for many organizations. Instead, HSM systems store the bulk of the enterprise's data on slower devices, and then copy data to faster disk drives when needed. The HSM system monitors the way data is used and makes best guesses as to which data can safely be moved to slower devices and which data should stay on the fast devices.

HSM may also be used where more robust storage is available for long-term archiving, but this is slow to access. This may be as simple as an off-site backup, for protection against a building fire.

HSM is a long-established concept, dating back to the beginnings of commercial data processing. The techniques used though have changed significantly as new technology becomes available, for both storage and for long-distance communication of large data sets. The scale of measures such as 'size' and 'access time' have changed dramatically. Despite this, many of the underlying concepts keep returning to favour years later, although at much larger or faster scales.

Implementation
In a typical HSM scenario, data which is frequently used are stored on warm storage device, such as solid-state disk (SSD). Data that is infrequently accessed is, after some time migrated to a slower, high capacity cold storage tier. If a user does access data which is on the cold storage tier, it is automatically moved back to warm storage. The advantage is that the total amount of stored data can be much larger than the capacity of the warm storage device, but since only rarely used files are on cold storage, most users will usually not notice any slowdown.

Conceptually, HSM is analogous to the cache found in most computer CPUs, where small amounts of expensive SRAM memory running at very high speeds is used to store frequently used data, but the least recently used data is evicted to the slower but much larger main DRAM memory when new data has to be loaded.

In practice, HSM is typically performed by dedicated software, such as IBM Tivoli Storage Manager, or Oracle's SAM-QFS.

The deletion of files from a higher level of the hierarchy (e.g. magnetic disk) after they have been moved to a lower level (e.g. optical media) is sometimes called file grooming.

History
Hierarchical Storage Manager (HSM, then DFHSM and finally DFSMShsm) was first implemented by IBM on March 31, 1978 for MVS to reduce the cost of data storage, and to simplify the retrieval of data from slower media. The user would not need to know where the data was stored and how to get it back; the computer would retrieve the data automatically. The only difference to the user was the speed at which data was returned. HSM could originally migrate datasets only to disk volumes and virtual volumes on a IBM 3850 Mass Storage Facility, but a latter release supported magnetic tape volumes for migration level 2 (ML2).

Later, IBM ported HSM to its AIX operating system, and then to other Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris, HP-UX and Linux.

CSIRO Australia's Division of Computing Research implemented an HSM in its DAD (Drums and Display) operating system with its Document Region in the 1960s, with copies of documents being written to 7-track tape and automatic retrieval upon access to the documents.

HSM was also implemented on the DEC VAX/VMS systems and the Alpha/VMS systems. The first implementation date should be readily determined from the VMS System Implementation Manuals or the VMS Product Description Brochures.

More recently, the development of Serial ATA (SATA) disks has created a significant market for three-stage HSM: files are migrated from high-performance Fibre Channel storage area network devices to somewhat slower but much cheaper SATA disk arrays totaling several terabytes or more, and then eventually from the SATA disks to tape.

Use cases
HSM is often used for deep archival storage of data to be held long term at low cost. Automated tape robots can silo large quantities of data efficiently with low power consumption.

Some HSM software products allow the user to place portions of data files on high-speed disk cache and the rest on tape. This is used in applications that stream video over the internet—the initial portion of a video is delivered immediately from disk while a robot finds, mounts and streams the rest of the file to the end user. Such a system greatly reduces disk cost for large content provision systems.

HSM software is today used also for tiering between hard disk drives and flash memory, with flash memory being over 30 times faster than magnetic disks, but disks being considerably cheaper.

Algorithms
The key factor behind HSM is a data migration policy that controls the file transfers in the system. More precisely, the policy decides which tier a file should be stored in, so that the entire storage system can be well-organized and have a shortest response time to requests. There are several algorithms realizing this process, such as least recently used replacement (LRU), Size-Temperature Replacement(STP), Heuristic Threshold(STEP) etc. In research of recent years, there are also some intelligent policies coming up by using machine learning technologies.

Tiering vs. caching
While tiering solutions and caching may look the same on the surface, the fundamental differences lie in the way the faster storage is utilized and the algorithms used to detect and accelerate frequently accessed data.

Caching operates by making a copy of frequently accessed blocks of data, and storing the copy in the faster storage device and use this copy instead of the original data source on the slower, high capacity backend storage. Every time a storage read occurs, the caching software look to see if a copy of this data already exists on the cache and uses that copy, if available. Otherwise, the data is read from the slower, high capacity storage.

Tiering on the other hand operates very differently. Rather than making a copy of frequently accessed data into fast storage, tiering moves data across tiers, for example, by relocating cold data to low cost, high capacity nearline storage devices. The basic idea is, mission-critical and highly accesses or "hot" data is stored in expensive medium such as SSD to take advantage of high I/O performance, while nearline or rarely accessed or "cold" data is stored in nearline storage medium such as HHD and tapes which are inexpensive. Thus, the "data temperature" or activity levels determines the primary storage hierarchy.

Implementations

 * Alluxio
 * AMASS/DATAMGR from ADIC (Was available on SGI IRIX, Sun and HP-UX)
 * IBM 3850 IBM 3850 Mass Storage Facility
 * IBM DFSMS for z/VM
 * IBM DFSMShsm, originally Hierarchical Storage Manager (HSM), 5740-XRB, and later Data Facility Hierarchical Storage Manager Version 2 (DFHSM), 5665-329
 * IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for Space Management (HSM available on UNIX (IBM AIX, HP UX, Solaris) & Linux)
 * IBM Tivoli Storage Manager HSM for Windows formerly OpenStore for File Servers (OS4FS) (HSM available on Microsoft Windows Server)
 * HPSS by HPSS collaboration
 * Infinite Disk, an early PC system (defunct)
 * EMC DiskXtender, formerly Legato DiskXtender, formerly OTG DiskXtender
 * Moonwalk for Windows, NetApp, OES Linux
 * Oracle SAM-QFS (Open source under Opensolaris, then proprietary)
 * Oracle HSM (Proprietary, renamed from SAM-QFS)
 * Versity Storage Manager for Linux, open-core model license
 * Dell Compellent Data Progression
 * Zarafa Archiver (component of ZCP, application specific archiving solution marketed as a 'HSM' solution)
 * HPE Data Management Framework (DMF, formerly SGI Data Migration Facility) for SLES and RHEL
 * Quantum's StorNext
 * Apple Fusion Drive for macOS
 * Microsoft Storage Spaces since version shipped with Windows Server 2012 R2. An older Microsoft product was Remote Storage, included with Windows 2000 and Windows 2003.

title: Hierarchical storage management


text:
User:Ernestolynch

Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism. If you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the work of others. Thank you. Madashell 19:34, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Ernestolynch


text:
Inverin

Inverin (, meaning "mouth of the river") is a Gaeltacht village between Baile na hAbhann and Minna in County Galway, Ireland. There are Irish-language summer colleges in the area, most notably Coláiste Lurgan and Coláiste Uí Chadhain.

The village is on the R336 road and is served by the 424 Bus Éireann route from Galway.

Cumann Forbartha Chois Fharraige is a local development association founded in 1966. The Gaelic Athletic Association club, Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Mhícheál Breathnach, holds a Gaelic football tournament every year on Saint Stephen's Day. An Irish language book club in the village, Club Leabhar Chois Fharraige, meets monthly.

The airline Aer Arann Islands is headquartered at Connemara Airport near the village.

People

 * Calum Maclean, folklorist employed by the Irish Folklore Commission
 * Aoife Ní Thuairisg, presenter
 * Seán Ó Coisdealbha, poet and dramatist
 * Micheál Ó Conghaile (b.1962), important figure to Modern literature in Irish and found of the influential Cló Iar-Chonnacht publishing house
 * Fiontán Ó Curraoin, Gaelic footballer
 * Pádraig Ó Finneadha, Irish scholar and doctor
 * Dónall Ó Héalai, actor
 * Pádraic Ó Neachtain, presenter and director

title: Inverin


text:
Etymological fallacy

An etymological fallacy is an argument of equivocation, arguing that a word is defined by its etymology, and that its customary usage is therefore incorrect.

History
Ancient Greeks believed that there was a "true meaning" of a word, distinct from common use. There is evidence that a similar belief existed among ancient Vedic scholars. In modern days, this fallacy can be found in some arguments of language purists.

Occurrence and examples
An etymological fallacy becomes possible when a word's meaning shifts over time from its original meaning. Such changes can include a narrowing or widening of scope or a change of connotation (amelioration or pejoration). In some cases, modern usage can shift to the point where the new meaning has no evident connection to its etymon.

Antisemitism
The term antisemitism, as coined by the Göttingen School of History in the 18th century, refers to anti-Jewish beliefs and practices. The etymological fallacy arises when a speaker asserts its meaning is the one implied by the structure of the word—racism against the Semitic people.

Some sources such as the Encyclopædia Britannica still consider it a misnomer.

title: Etymological fallacy


text:
Big Neck Records

Big Neck Records is an independent record label founded and operated by Bart Hart. It was started in Buffalo, New York in 1995 with the release of the first Blowtops and Baseball Furies 7-inch EPs (Voodoo Alley and This Is the World's Greatest Rock & Roll Record, respectively) as an offshoot of The Sanctuary nightclub. Hart opened The Sanctuary in 1995 after abandoning his previous nightclub, Asbury Alley, and it hosted many related bands and performers. Big Neck moved to Washington D.C. The label produces garage, punk, and rockabilly acts.

Roster

 * Bart and the Brats
 * The Baseball Furies
 * The Blowtops
 * Concubine Forming
 * Fire Heads
 * Hollywood
 * The Hussy
 * Lost Sounds
 * The Ponys
 * Radio Beats
 * Red Red Red
 * Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
 * Tractor Sex Fatality
 * The Trailerpark Tornados
 * The Tyrades
 * Sonny Vincent
 * Violent Lovers Club
 * Wood Chickens

title: Big Neck Records


text:
User:Zzyzx11/AT

Page Protect

 * Always list tagged pages on WP:PP

title: User:Zzyzx11/AT


text:
Mayte Garcia

Mayte Jannell Garcia (born November 12, 1973) is an American dancer, actress/actor and former singer. She was married to Prince for four years and has worked with various music artists.

Early life
Garcia was born on November 12, 1973, at Fort Rucker, Alabama, an army base. Garcia's parents are both of Puerto Rican descent. Her father John was a United States military pilot, and her mother Janelle (also known as Nelly) was a dancer. Garcia and her older sister, Janice, grew up in Germany and the United States. Garcia spent the summers of her childhood with her extended family in San Juan, Puerto Rico. She began belly dancing at age three. On May 12, 1981, at 7 years old, Garcia appeared on the American television program That's Incredible! as the world's youngest professional belly dancer.

As a teenager, Garcia became a prima ballerina with the Wiesbaden Ballet. She graduated from General H.H. Arnold High School in Wiesbaden, Germany.

Career and professional relationship with Prince
Garcia came to the attention of Prince in 1990 when her mother submitted a video cassette of Garcia's performance to a dancer in hopes they would pass the tape on to Prince. Prince met Garcia within minutes after viewing the video while on tour in Germany. Garcia describes the process by which she became a part of Prince's performance group, The New Power Generation (NPG), as follows on her official website: "Mayte's mother convinced some members of the New Power Generation to give her [audition] video to Prince. Ten minutes later, Prince had invited her backstage, and for two years, the two kept in touch. Finally, when she was eighteen, Prince asked her to be a part of the NPG".

In 1992, Garcia was hired to dance during his Diamonds and Pearls Tour. She became the focus of his next album, Love Symbol (1992). Garcia assumed the guise of an Egyptian princess for the concept album and the 3 Chains o' Gold video compilation. She was a member of the NPG, from 1992 to 1996. Afterwards, she remained an associate of the NPG, dancing occasionally during Prince's tours in 1998 and 1999. In 1995, Prince produced an album for her, titled Child of the Sun, for a European release on his NPG Records label. This album had one single released overseas, "If I Love U 2 Nite".

In 1997, Garcia was the artistic director of the New Power Generation Dance Company on their Around the World in a Day tour. She also directed the music video for "The One" for Prince. In addition, Garcia directed music videos for Chaka Khan and Graham Central Station. She choreographed the belly dancing routines for Britney Spears' "I'm a Slave 4 U" music video, as well as Spears' performance of the song at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards. During this period, Garcia dated drummer Tommy Lee. She sang on his album Never a Dull Moment (2002) and she toured with him as a dancer.

Films
Film appearances include the Hindi film Dus (2005) as a dancer, and Firehouse Dog (2007). In 2005, she appeared as a flight attendant in the Spanish language film El Vacilon.

Garcia was offered the role of Marilyn in the film Just like a Woman (2012) as well as to be its main dance choreographer, but declined due to scheduling conflicts. The role was later given to Sienna Miller.

Television
Garcia has guest starred on various television series, such as 2 Broke Girls, Psych, The Closer, Las Vegas, Nip/Tuck, and Keeping Up with the Kardashians. She appeared twice as a reporter on the 2007 ABC television series Big Shots. She had a recurring role on Lifetime's Army Wives (2008–2009) as Jennifer Connor. She starred on Sí TV's 2004–05 program Across the Hall with Eric Cubiche. In 2009, she was a judge on the first season of Oxygen's Dance Your Ass Off. On June 25, 2012, she began appearing as a principal cast member on VH1's reality show Hollywood Exes. She was considered for the role of Nina Holiday on the television series Rizzoli & Isles when the character was originally known as Nina Hernandez.

Books
In 2017, Garcia released a book titled The Most Beautiful: My Life with Prince about her professional and personal relationship with Prince.

Personal life
Garcia lives in Las Vegas, Nevada, with her daughter Gia, whom she adopted in 2013.

Mayte has multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. The symptoms began in 2010 and included optic neuritis, resulting in temporary partial vision loss. Her treatment program, along with a healthy diet and exercise regimen, has stopped the MS symptoms from progressing, allowing her to live an active lifestyle and continue working.

Relationships
In 1990, 16-year-old Garcia met Prince backstage in Barcelona after he saw a tape of her dancing. After she graduated high school in Germany at the age of 17, Prince became her legal guardian. Upon moving to Minneapolis, Prince and members of his team helped set her up with her own apartment. "At first, I stayed at the Sofitel, then they moved me to a nice little prairie house at the Country Suites, but I couldn't even make a cup of tea there, so they got me an apartment and rented furniture," she said. When she was 19, Prince instructed her to get on birth control thus beginning their sexual relationship. After a four-year courtship, they married on February 14, 1996.

Their only child, Amiir, was born with Pfeiffer syndrome type 2 on October 16, 1996. He was unable to breathe without a ventilator and died six days after his birth. A week later, the couple were interviewed on The Oprah Winfrey Show, where they pretended their son was still alive. According to Garcia, they were unable to process his death. "We believed he was going to come back, that souls come back. We didn't want to acknowledge he was gone," she said. Depressed from the loss of her son, Garcia contemplated suicide, but the affection of her dog, Mia, stopped her. After a subsequent miscarriage, their marriage deteriorated and they divorced in 2000.

Garcia dated choreographer Wade Robson from 2000 until 2001.

Garcia dated drummer Tommy Lee from heavy metal band Mötley Crüe for two years. In 2002, Lee proposed to Garcia before a performance in Fort Wayne, Indiana. They ended their engagement in 2003.

Studio albums

 * Child of the Sun (1995)

Singles

 * "Broken Wings" (1992)
 * "Too Dramatic" (1993)
 * "The Most Beautiful Boy in the World" (1994)
 * "If Eye Love U 2night" (1995)
 * "Rhythm of Your Heart" (1998)

title: Mayte Garcia


text:
User talk:64.251.48.66

August 2017
Hello, I'm 72. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think a mistake was made, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. –72 (talk) 14:21, 28 August 2017 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

September 2017
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at William Blount. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. Hertz1888 (talk) 19:01, 7 September 2017 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Lead Belly, you may be blocked from editing. Hertz1888 (talk) 19:19, 7 September 2017 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

October 2017
Hello, I'm Flyer22 Reborn. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Keating–Owen Act have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think a mistake was made, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 15:55, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

November 2017
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Fur-bearing trout. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. – Rhinopias (talk) 16:54, 2 November 2017 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Hello, I'm LakesideMiners. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —the one you made with this edit to G.I. Joe— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. LakesideMiners (talk) 15:01, 9 November 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:64.251.48.66


text:
James Coonan

James Michael Coonan (born December 21, 1946) is an American mobster and racketeer from Manhattan, New York who served as the boss of the Westies gang, an Irish mob group based in Hell's Kitchen, from approximately 1977 to 1988. Coonan was incarcerated and began serving a 75-year prison term in 1988.

Biography
James Coonan was born on December 21, 1946, into a middle class Irish-American family in the Hell's Kitchen area of Manhattan. He was the second of four children of John Coonan, an accountant who ran a tax office on West 50th Street, and his wife Anna, who was of partial German descent and who worked at John Coonan's office. He was raised in a five-room walk-up apartment on West 49th Street. By his teenage years, Coonan stood five feet, seven inches tall and had a stocky build, with broad shoulders and a thick neck.

An amateur boxer and street fighter, he dropped out of school aged seventeen and embarked on a career in organized crime. When Coonan was a young man, his father John was kidnapped, pistol-whipped and severely beaten by Mickey Spillane, a well-known mobster who frequently employed the kidnap-for-ransom racket of local merchants to their families. Author T.J. English has credited this event in several books as Coonan's motivating factor in the takeover of the Westies.

Coonan was the bodyguard/apprentice of loan shark Charles (Ruby) Stein according to The New York Times article that alleged he was "known and feared on the West Side as a murderer and kidnapper". Coonan wanted more, and several West Side neighborhood thugs gathered around him, including Francis "Mickey" Featherstone. By 1976, Coonan and Featherstone were engaged in taking over Spillane's territory, culminating in the 1977 shooting of Spillane, for which Featherstone was arrested and acquitted, and the death of Stein. According to testimony given in 1987 by ex-Westies member turned informant William Beattie, Stein was killed and beheaded in 1977 in a move to erase Coonan's debt and prove the Westies power through viciousness.

In 1979, Coonan was tried and acquitted for the murder of Harold Whitehead, but convicted on weapons charges and sentenced to four years in federal prison. After his release he resumed power, but in 1988 was convicted of racketeering under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) and sentenced to 75 years in prison with the judge's recommendation of denying parole.

Yugoslavian mobster Boško "The Yugo" Radonjić succeeded Coonan as leader of the Westies.

He and his wife Edna (b.1942; Julia Edna Crotty) lived in Hazlet and Keansburg, New Jersey, before his incarceration.

Coonan is imprisoned at Federal Correctional Institution, Schuylkill, Pennsylvania. He has a full term date of November 17, 2061 and a mandatory release date of June 1, 2030. Coonan was first eligible for parole in 1998. In a February 2023 parole hearing, Coonan asked to be considered for release, citing his mentorship to other inmates, advancing years, time served, exemplary disciplinary record and ill-health. According to court papers, he lost all his teeth in prison, and suffers from partial deafness, obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and a form of skin cancer.

In a motion filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on August 18, 2023, Joseph Corozzo and Thomas Mirigliano, defense attorneys for Coonan, requested that he be released to home confinement under the First Step Act. Corozzo and Mirigliano asked that he be released in order to provide care for his elderly wife, Edna, who was described as "in declining physical and neurological health", at their home in Hazelet, New Jersey.

title: James Coonan