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Australian National Maritime Museum

The Australian National Maritime Museum (ANMM) is a federally operated maritime museum in Darling Harbour, Sydney. After considering the idea of establishing a maritime museum, the federal government announced that a national maritime museum would be constructed at Darling Harbour, tied into the New South Wales state government's redevelopment of the area for the Australian bicentenary in 1988. The museum building was designed by Philip Cox, and although an opening date of 1988 was initially set, construction delays, cost overruns, and disagreements between the state and federal governments over funding responsibility pushed the opening to 1991.

One of six museums directly operated by the federal government, the ANMM is the only one located outside of the Australian Capital Territory. The museum is structured around seven main galleries, focusing on the relationships between Indigenous Australians and the sea, the navigation of Australian waters, travel to Australia by sea and the naval defence of the nation. Four additional gallery spaces are used for temporary exhibits. Four museum ships – the HM Bark Endeavour Replica, the destroyer HMAS Vampire (D11), the submarine HMAS Onslow and a replica of the Duyfken – are open to the public, while smaller historical vessels berthed outside can be viewed but not boarded.

History
Of the six museums operated directly by the federal government (the Australian National Maritime Museum, the Australian War Memorial, the National Museum of Australia, the National Gallery of Australia, the National Portrait Gallery, and Questacon), the Australian National Maritime Museum is the only one located outside the Australian Capital Territory. The museum is administered by the Department of Communications and the Arts on behalf of the Australian Government.

Development
In June 1985, the federal government announced the establishment of a national museum focusing on Australia's maritime history and the nation's ongoing involvement and dependence on the sea. Proposals for the creation of such a museum had been under consideration over the preceding years. After lobbying by New South Wales Premier Neville Wran, the decision was made to situate the new museum at Darling Harbour, and construct it as part of the area's redevelopment. The building of the ANMM was seen by both the federal and New South Wales State governments as an important feature of the redevelopment, as it would be a major drawcard, and help fuel the commercial success of the precinct.

The museum building was designed by Philip Cox, Richardson Taylor & Partners. The roof was shaped to invoke the image of billowing sails: the corrugated metal roof stands over 25 m tall on the west side, but drops significantly on the east.

During development, the museum ran into a series of difficulties. In March 1998, the three top members of the ANMM interim council were sacked by the federal government and replaced. Later in the year, the Department for the Arts informed the museum that its staff would be reduced by 30% and it would undergo budget cuts, forcing the Australian National Maritime Museum to rely on contracted security and conservation staff, along with volunteer guides and attendants. The acceptance of a US$5 million grant for a dedicated gallery showing the links between the US and Australia resulted in the displacement of much of the staff and research areas. Most of these were later established in the nearby Wharf 7 building.

The museum was initially slated to open in 1988, but by October that year, construction delays had pushed the planned opening date to September 1989, and the project was already $12.5 million over the $30 million budget. Construction was completed on 17 November 1989; the cost of the museum's construction had increased to $70 million, and although the federal government was willing to pay the initial $30 million, there were disagreements between the state and federal governments over who had to supply the additional $40 million. It was resolved that New South Wales was responsible for the additional funding, and in October 1990, the museum building was handed over to the federal government. The Australian National Maritime Museum was opened on 30 November 1991.

Operating history
In order to achieve commercial sustainability, the Australian National Maritime Museum was directed by the federal government to institute entry fees: the second Australian national museum to do so after Questacon was opened in 1988. The entry fee for the museum itself was dropped in 2004 (although access to the museum ships was still charged), then was re-added in December 2011.

During the museum's first ten years of operation, 3.3 million visitors attended.

In 2010, London's The Sunday Times listed the Australian National Maritime Museum in its "World's 10 Coolest Museums".

At the start of 2014, the Australian National Maritime Museum announced that it would build a pavilion to showcase exhibits related to the Royal Australian Navy. The pavilion, which is located near the museum's naval vessels, was launched on 8 November 2015 under the name "Action Stations".

In 2019, the museum underwent an extensive modernisation of its branding. Design firm Frost*collective was engaged to create a new, simplified logo and branding scheme, which was then implemented across staff uniforms, advertising, exterior building signage, websites and the museum's regular publication, Signals.

Galleries
There are several permanent exhibitions at the museum, each with different themes:

 * Shaped by the Sea
 * Explores maritime deep-time history, and the connections between Indigenous Australians and the sea.  At the centre of the exhibition is Dhaŋaŋ Dhukarr by the Mulka Project, a video art installation reflecting the themes of the gallery. Formerly the USA Gallery, which was the only gallery in a national museum funded by a foreign nation.

 * Passengers
 * Looks at the journeys made to Australia by various groups, from the original settlers to war brides, refugees, and cruise ship visitors.

 * Navy
 * Examines the role of the Royal Australian Navy (and before that, the Royal Navy Australian Squadron and colonial naval forces) in the defence of the nation. Notable exhibits include a working triple-expansion marine steam engine from the RAN anti-submarine net tender HMAS Kara Kara, the figurehead from Victorian colonial naval vessel HMVS Nelson, and a Fleet Air Arm Sikorsky S-70B-2 Seahawk helicopter suspended from the ceiling.

 * Under Southern Skies
 * Explores efforts to traverse and chart the waters around Australia made by various navigators throughout history, including Aboriginal Australians, Makassan traders, Polynesian seafarers and European explorers.   Formerly the Navigators gallery.

In addition, there are four other gallery spaces in the museum. The Tasman Light gallery contains the original lenses from the Tasman Island Lighthouse, and is used for temporary photographic exhibitions and as hireable space for functions. The other three galleries (two along the eastern side of the top level, and a third offset from the main body of the museum) are used separately or together to host temporary exhibitions.

Several other items are on display inside the museum, but not associated with any particular gallery. These include Spirit of Australia, the water speed record-holding motorboat, an anchor from HMS Sirius (1786), flagship of the First Fleet, and Blackmores First Lady, which was used by Australian Kay Cottee when she became the first woman to sail solo, nonstop, unassisted around the world.

Museum ships
The Australian National Maritime Museum's collection of museum ships focuses on four vessels that are open for public inspection: the HM Bark Endeavour Replica, the destroyer HMAS Vampire (D11), the submarine HMAS Onslow and a replica of Dutch exploration vessel Duyfken. In addition, the 19th century barque James Craig is moored nearby and can be toured with a museum ticket.

During the mid-1980s, it was proposed that a replica of explorer James Cook's ship, HM Bark Endeavour, be constructed for the museum. Funding for construction was initially provided by the Bond Corporation, and construction began at the start of 1988. However, in 1990, the company ran into financial difficulties, and construction was unable to continue until a charitable trust was established in 1991 to complete and operate the replica Endeavour. The vessel was completed in 1994, and spent the next ten years sailing around Australia and the world before ownership was transferred to the Australian National Maritime Museum in 2005.

The Daring-class destroyer HMAS Vampire (D11) is the only ship of her class to be preserved, and was the last gun-destroyer to serve in the Royal Australian Navy. Vampire was commissioned into the RAN in 1959, and served until 1986. The destroyer was loaned to the museum on its opening in 1991, and was transferred completely to museum ownership in 1997. The Oberon-class submarine HMAS Onslow was introduced into RAN service in 1969. She was operated until early 1999, and was given to the museum that year. Despite no longer being in naval commission, Vampire and Onslow have permission to fly the Australian White Ensign. Prior to Onslow's acquisition, the former Russian submarine Foxtrot-540 was on display at the museum from 1995 to 1998. The submarine had been purchased in 1994 by a group of Australian businessmen, and was placed on display for the duration of the lease purchase contract, after which the submarine was relocated to California.

A replica of the Duyfken, a Dutch East India Company exploration vessel with historical significance as the first recorded European ship to visit Australian shores, was added to the museum's fleet in 2020. In addition to being open for public inspection, this vessel also conducts regular cruises around Sydney Harbour.

Other vessels on display (but not open for public boarding) include:
 * HMAS Advance (P 83), one of twenty Attack-class patrol boats built by the RAN during the 1960s to patrol Australia's northern waters. Advance served from 1968 until 1988, then was transferred to the Australian National Maritime Museum. The patrol boat is in operational condition.
 * Akarana, a New Zealand racing yacht built to compete in Australia's centenary races, and restored as New Zealand's bicentenary gift.
 * Bareki, the last timber-built tugboat in service with the NSW Maritime Services Board. The tugboat was built in 1962, and primarily used for dredging and towing work between Port Kembla and Newcastle. Bareki serves as the museum's active tugboat.
 * The lightship Carpentaria, an unmanned lightvessel (effectively a floating lighthouse) built during 1916 and 1917. The vessel operated in the Gulf of Carpentaria, off Sandy Cape, Queensland, and in Bass Strait during a career which ended in 1983. In 1987, the vessel was donated to the museum collection.
 * John Lewis, one of the last pearling luggers to operate in Australian waters.
 * Kathleen Gillett, a double-ended ketch built for an Australian sailor from designs by Colin Archer, a Norwegian man who spent time in Australia as a farmer before returning to Norway and becoming a naval architect. The yacht competed in the first Sydney to Hobart race, and was the second Australian yacht to circumnavigate the globe. The vessel ended up in Guam, was purchased by the Norwegian government in 1987, and restored as Norway's bicentennial gift.
 * MV Krait, a fishing trawler used during World War II for Operation Jaywick, a commando operation to scuttle Japanese vessels in Singapore harbour. She was sold off after the war and used as a workboat for the Indonesian timber trade, but was rediscovered by Australian special forces veterans in 1962. Krait was acquired by the Australian War Memorial, then transferred on loan to the museum in 1988.
 * Sekar Aman, an Indonesian perahu.
 * Tu Do, a Vietnamese vessel used by 31 South Vietnamese refugees to reach Darwin in 1975, following the end of the Vietnam War. Tu Do was acquired by the museum in 1990.
 * MB 172, a former officer's launch built by the RAN in 1937, and used primarily in Darwin. The vessel is active, and used to transport museum staff and guests. The vessel unofficially carries the name Epic Lass, as the launch's restoration was sponsored by Epiglass.

Other facilities
The 1874-built Cape Bowling Green Lighthouse, originally located at Cape Bowling Green, near Townsville, Queensland, was relocated to the Australian National Museum site in 1987.

The Vaughan Evans Library is the research library attached to the ANMM, and is a collecting agency on maritime matters.

The Welcome Wall is a bronze wall located on the northern side of the museum, which lists the names of immigrants who arrived by sea to settle in Australia. Having a name engraved on the wall requires an application to the museum, and the paying of a fee. On 21 March 2021, Governor-General David Hurley AC DSC (Rtd) declared the Welcome Wall as Australia's "National Monument to Migration". In 2021, the wall contained more than 30,000 names.

A Harding safety lifeboat and davit is fitted on the water's edge. This lifeboat, of a design commonly used aboard offshore drilling platforms and tanker ships, is used by the Sydney Institute of TAFE for maritime training.

The Australian Maritime College conducts some postgraduate programs from the precinct.

Other collections
The museum has over 1,000 Bardi performance objects known as ilma, but they were still unavailable for public viewing in 2018. The Bardi are an Australian Aboriginal people of the Dampier Peninsula in Western Australia.

title: Australian National Maritime Museum


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Intu

Intu Properties plc was a British real estate investment trust (REIT), largely focused on shopping centre management and development. Originally named Transatlantic Insurance Holdings plc and later Liberty International plc, it changed its name in May 2010 to Capital Shopping Centres Group plc after demerging its Capital & Counties Properties business unit to form an independent business. The company adopted the Intu name on 18 February 2013, and this was followed by the rebranding of most of its shopping centres under the Intu title from May 2013.

The company's shares were listed on the London and Johannesburg stock exchanges until it entered administration in June 2020. The company owned or part-owned 17 shopping centres in the UK and one in Spain prior to entering administration.

History
The company was established by Sir Donald Gordon in 1980 under the name Transatlantic Insurance Holdings plc as an offshoot of Liberty Life Association of Africa, a business he had founded in 1957. The company developed into a leading investor in life assurance businesses in the 1980s and divested its remaining life assurance interests (a 29% holding in Sun Life) in 1991. In 1992 it merged with Capital & Counties, a leading shopping centre developer, securing itself a listing on the London Stock Exchange. It changed its name to Liberty International in 1996 and, after demerging Capital & Counties Properties in May 2010, renamed itself Capital Shopping Centres Group (CSC).

The company also disposed of a significant holding in its Californian subsidiary Capital and Counties USA, which was acquired by Equity One in May 2010. Equity One was later acquired by Regency Centers Corporation.

In 2011, CSC purchased the Trafford Centre from The Peel Group and offered a 20% stake in CSC to Peel chairman John Whittaker. The 20% stake in CSC was worth approximately £700m at the time, valuing the Trafford Centre at approximately £1.65 billion. Whittaker continued to purchase shares after the takeover and became the largest shareholder in 2012, with a stake of 24.63%.

CSC purchased the Westfield Group's 75% stake in Westfield Broadmarsh in Nottingham in November 2011.

Rebrand as Intu
In January 2013, CSC announced its rebranding as Intu and the renaming of twelve of its shopping centres to incorporate the new consumer-facing brand. A new orange and black brand identity was introduced at the same time, including a bird logo said to represent a "symbol of joy". At the same time and in response to changing consumer behaviour, Intu launched the UK's first online shopping centre and insourced all shopping centre staff, previously employed by facilities management company Bilfinger Europa.

2013 to 2019
The company announced on 27 February 2013 that it had agreed to purchase Midsummer Place in Milton Keynes (now Intu Milton Keynes) from Legal & General for £250.5 million. The sale was completed by the end of March 2013.

In March 2014, Intu announced that it had purchased the Merry Hill Shopping Centre and Westfield Derby for a £867.8m property deal that saw Intu take complete ownership of Westfield's Derby shopping centre and Sprucefield Park in Northern Ireland.

In December 2017, the company agreed to a takeover by property development company Hammerson for £3.4 billion, subject to shareholder approval. In April 2018, Hammerson recommended that its shareholders reject the proposed takeover. With Intu hit by declining footfall on the high street and failures among major retailers, Peel Group, Olayan Group, and Brookfield Property launched a £2.8bn takeover bid in October, but, after due diligence procedures, they withdrew the offer in November 2018.

In November 2019, Intu said it was in talks to sell three Spanish shopping centres: Puerto Venecia in Zaragoza, intu Asturias in Oviedo, and intu Xanadu in Madrid. In December 2019, it sold its share in the Zaragoza asset for €237.7 million, delivering net proceeds of around €115m. The following month it sold its Oviedo asset, raising around €85 million.

2020 demise
In March 2020, Intu abandoned a £1.3 billion emergency cash call as not enough investors were willing to support the call. The company had £4.5 billion of debt. The company subsequently warned that it could collapse if unable to raise further funds, after reporting a loss of £2bn for 2019. Intu shares had lost almost 90% of their value in a year, and the results announcement prompted a 25% drop to just over 4p. On 26 March, as the COVID-19 pandemic prompted more retailers to delay rent payments to Intu, the company warned that it would need some waivers from its lenders and was likely to breach its debt covenants in July; its shares fell 11% to 3.6p in the first hour of trading following the warning. On 23 June, the company warned that shopping centres might close if financial restructuring talks with lenders failed, and lined up KPMG as administrators as a "contingency". On 26 June, Intu went into administration.

In August, Intu SGS, a subsidiary of Intu and holding company for Intu Watford, Braehead, Victoria Centre and Lakeside, received funding to take full control of the four centres, appointing Global Mutual as asset manager and Savills as property manager. Intu SGS took full control of the four centres, with Global Mutual & Savills assuming management, in October. In September, the transfers of Intu Derby, Merry Hill, and Milton Keynes to new owners were confirmed. Intu announced that Chapelfield would also be transferred to new owners, although these were not identified.

Properties
As of 31 December 2019 the company's investment properties were valued at £5.9 billion, when Intu owned or part-owned 17 shopping centres in the UK:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Intu


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International Chemical Identifier

The International Chemical Identifier (InChI, pronounced ) is a textual identifier for chemical substances, designed to provide a standard way to encode molecular information and to facilitate the search for such information in databases and on the web. Initially developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) from 2000 to 2005, the format and algorithms are non-proprietary. Since May 2009, it has been developed by the InChI Trust, a nonprofit charity from the United Kingdom which works to implement and promote the use of InChI.

The identifiers describe chemical substances in terms of layers of information — the atoms and their bond connectivity, tautomeric information, isotope information, stereochemistry, and electronic charge information. Not all layers have to be provided; for instance, the tautomer layer can be omitted if that type of information is not relevant to the particular application. The InChI algorithm converts input structural information into a unique InChI identifier in a three-step process: normalization (to remove redundant information), canonicalization (to generate a unique number label for each atom), and serialization (to give a string of characters).

InChIs differ from the widely used CAS registry numbers in three respects: firstly, they are freely usable and non-proprietary; secondly, they can be computed from structural information and do not have to be assigned by some organization; and thirdly, most of the information in an InChI is human readable (with practice). InChIs can thus be seen as akin to a general and extremely formalized version of IUPAC names. They can express more information than the simpler SMILES notation and, in contrast to SMILES strings, every structure has a unique InChI string, which is important in database applications. Information about the 3-dimensional coordinates of atoms is not represented in InChI; for this purpose a format such as PDB can be used.

The InChIKey, sometimes referred to as a hashed InChI, is a fixed length (27 character) condensed digital representation of the InChI that is not human-understandable. The InChIKey specification was released in September 2007 in order to facilitate web searches for chemical compounds, since these were problematic with the full-length InChI. Unlike the InChI, the InChIKey is not unique: though collisions are expected to be extremely rare, there are known collisions.

In January 2009 the 1.02 version of the InChI software was released. This provided a means to generate so called standard InChI, which does not allow for user selectable options in dealing with the stereochemistry and tautomeric layers of the InChI string. The standard InChIKey is then the hashed version of the standard InChI string. The standard InChI will simplify comparison of InChI strings and keys generated by different groups, and subsequently accessed via diverse sources such as databases and web resources.

The continuing development of the standard has been supported since 2010 by the not-for-profit InChI Trust, of which IUPAC is a member. The current software version is 1.06 and was released in December 2020. Prior to 1.04, the software was freely available under the open-source LGPL license, but it now uses a custom license called IUPAC-InChI Trust License.

Generation
In order to avoid generating different InChIs for tautomeric structures, before generating the InChI, an input chemical structure is normalized to reduce it to its so-called core parent structure. This may involve changing bond orders, rearranging formal charges and possibly adding and removing protons. Different input structures may give the same result; for example, acetic acid and acetate would both give the same core parent structure, that of acetic acid. A core parent structure may be disconnected, consisting of more than one component, in which case the sublayers in the InChI usually consist of sublayers for each component, separated by semicolons (periods for the chemical formula sublayer). One way this can happen is that all metal atoms are disconnected during normalization; so, for example, the InChI for tetraethyllead will have five components, one for lead and four for the ethyl groups.

The first, main, layer of the InChI refers to this core parent structure, giving its chemical formula, non-hydrogen connectivity without bond order ( sublayer) and hydrogen connectivity ( sublayer.) The   portion of the charge layer gives its charge, and the   portion of the charge layer tells how many protons (hydrogen ions) must be added to or removed from it to regenerate the original structure. If present, the stereochemical layer, with sublayers,  ,   and  , gives stereochemical information, and the isotopic layer  (which may contain sublayers ,  ,  ,   and  ) gives isotopic information. These are the only layers which can occur in a standard InChI.

If the user wants to specify an exact tautomer, a fixed hydrogen layer  can be appended, which may contain various additional sublayers; this cannot be done in standard InChI though, so different tautomers will have the same standard InChI (for example, alanine will give the same standard InChI whether input in a neutral or a zwitterionic form.) Finally, a nonstandard reconnected  layer can be added, which effectively gives a new InChI generated without breaking bonds to metal atoms. This may contain various sublayers, including.

Format and layers
Every InChI starts with the string " " followed by the version number, currently. If the InChI is standard, this is followed by the letter  for standard InChIs, which is a fully standardized InChI flavor maintaining the same level of attention to structure details and the same conventions for drawing perception. The remaining information is structured as a sequence of layers and sub-layers, with each layer providing one specific type of information. The layers and sub-layers are separated by the delimiter " " and start with a characteristic prefix letter (except for the chemical formula sub-layer of the main layer). The six layers with important sublayers are:

 * 1) Main layer (always present)
 * 2) * Chemical formula (no prefix). This is the only sublayer that must occur in every InChI. Numbers used throughout the InChI are given in the formula's element order excluding hydrogen atoms. For example, "/C10H16N5O13P3" implies that atoms numbered 1–10 are carbons, 11–15 are nitrogens, 16–28 are oxygens, and 29–31 are phosphorus.
 * 3) * Atom connections (prefix: " "). The atoms in the chemical formula (except for hydrogens) are numbered in sequence; this sublayer describes which atoms are connected by bonds to which other ones. The type of those bonds is later specified in the stereochemical layer prefixed by " ".
 * 4) * Hydrogen atoms (prefix: " "). Describes how many hydrogen atoms are connected to each of the other atoms.
 * 5) Charge layer
 * 6) * charge sublayer (prefix: " ")
 * 7) * proton sublayer (prefix: " " for "protons")
 * 8) Stereochemical layer
 * 9) * double bonds and cumulenes (prefix: " ")
 * 10) * tetrahedral stereochemistry of atoms and allenes (prefixes: " ", " ")
 * 11) * type of stereochemistry information (prefix: " ")
 * 12) Isotopic layer (prefix: " "), may include sublayers:
 * 13) * sublayer " " for isotopic hydrogen
 * 14) * sublayers " ", " ", " ", " " for isotopic stereochemistry
 * 15) Fixed-H layer (prefix: " ") for tautomeric hydrogens; contains some or all of the above types of layers except atom connections; may end with " " sublayer; never included in standard InChI
 * 16) Reconnected layer (prefix: " "); contains the whole InChI of a structure with reconnected metal atoms; never included in standard InChI

The delimiter-prefix format has the advantage that a user can easily use a wildcard search to find identifiers that match only in certain layers.

InChIKey
The condensed, 27 character InChIKey is a hashed version of the full InChI (using the SHA-256 algorithm), designed to allow for easy web searches of chemical compounds. The standard InChIKey is the hashed counterpart of standard InChI. Most chemical structures on the Web up to 2007 have been represented as GIF files, which are not searchable for chemical content. The full InChI turned out to be too lengthy for easy searching, and therefore the InChIKey was developed. There is a very small, but nonzero chance of two different molecules having the same InChIKey, but the probability for duplication of only the first 14 characters has been estimated as only one duplication in 75 databases each containing one billion unique structures. With all databases currently having below 50 million structures, such duplication appears unlikely at present. A recent study more extensively studies the collision rate finding that the experimental collision rate is in agreement with the theoretical expectations.

The InChIKey currently consists of three parts separated by hyphens, of 14, 10 and one character(s), respectively, like. The first 14 characters result from a SHA-256 hash of the connectivity information (the main layer and  sublayer of the charge layer) of the InChI. The second part consists of 10 characters resulting from a hash of the remaining layers of the InChI, a single character indicating the kind of InChIKey ( for standard and   for nonstandard), and a character indicating the version of InChI used (currently   for version 1). Finally, the single character at the end indicates the protonation of the core parent structure, corresponding to the  sublayer of the charge layer (  for no protonation, ,  , ... if protons should be added and  ,  , ... if they should be removed.)

Example
Morphine has the structure shown on the right. The standard InChI for morphine is 	  and the standard InChIKey for morphine is.

InChI resolvers
As the InChI cannot be reconstructed from the InChIKey, an InChIKey always needs to be linked to the original InChI to get back to the original structure. InChI Resolvers act as a lookup service to make these links, and prototype services are available from National Cancer Institute, the UniChem service at the European Bioinformatics Institute, and PubChem. ChemSpider has had a resolver until July 2015 when it was decommissioned.

Name
The format was originally called IChI (IUPAC Chemical Identifier), then renamed in July 2004 to INChI (IUPAC-NIST Chemical Identifier), and renamed again in November 2004 to InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier), a trademark of IUPAC.

Continuing development
Scientific direction of the InChI standard is carried out by the IUPAC Division VIII Subcommittee, and funding of subgroups investigating and defining the expansion of the standard is carried out by both IUPAC and the InChI Trust. The InChI Trust funds the development, testing and documentation of the InChI. Current extensions are being defined to handle polymers and mixtures, Markush structures, reactions and organometallics, and once accepted by the Division VIII Subcommittee will be added to the algorithm.

Software
The InChI Trust has developed software to generate the InChI, InChIKey and other identifiers. The release history of this software follows.

Adoption
The InChI has been adopted by many larger and smaller databases, including ChemSpider, ChEMBL, Golm Metabolome Database, OpenPHACTS, and PubChem. However, the adoption is not straightforward, and many databases show a discrepancy between the chemical structures and the InChI they contain, which is a problem for linking databases.

title: International Chemical Identifier


text:
Richard Armstrong (British Army officer)

Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Armstrong, KCB (c. 1782 – 3 March 1854) was an officer in the British Army.

Military career
Armstrong was the only son of Lt.-Col. Richard Armstrong of Lincoln. Armstrong was commissioned as an ensign in 1796. He served in the Peninsular War and in the First Anglo-Burmese War. He became commander of the British forces in Canada West in 1842 and, after serving in that post until 1848, went on to be Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army in 1851. He resigned due to poor health in early 1854 and died shortly afterwards. He was also colonel of the 95th Regiment of Foot and then colonel of the 32nd Regiment of Foot.


text:
Electoral division of Braitling

Braitling is an electoral division of the Legislative Assembly in Australia's Northern Territory. It was created in 1983, when the electorate of Alice Springs was abolished as part of an enlargement of the Assembly. Braitling is an almost entirely urban electorate, covering 9 km² in north-western Alice Springs. The electorate takes its name from the Braitling family, an early pioneering family in the district. There were 5,830 people enrolled in the electorate as of August 2020.

The city of Alice Springs has, along with the Darwin satellite city of Palmerston, traditionally been one of two conservative bastions in the Northern Territory. For most of its first three decades, Braitling was a comfortably safe seat for the Country Liberal Party. The seat's first member, Roger Vale, transferred here after his former electorate of Stuart was made somewhat less friendly for the CLP. Indeed, Braitling included most of the Alice Springs share of the old Stuart. Vale retired in 1994 and handed the seat to Loraine Braham of the CLP. Braham, who served as Speaker and later a cabinet minister, was stripped of her CLP preselection before the 2001 election amid accusations of branch-stacking. She won re-election as an independent, and was narrowly re-elected in a very close race against the CLP in 2005. Braham opted to retire at the 2008 election, and Adam Giles won the seat back for the CLP, reverting it to its traditional status as a comfortably safe CLP seat. Giles became the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory in March 2013.

Although opinion polls and commentators had already universally written off the CLP government both before and during the 2016 election campaign, there was no suggestion that Giles was in any danger in his own seat. He sat on a seemingly insurmountable margin of 19.6 percent, and Labor had never come close to winning the seat. Even during the Labor landslide of 2005, Labor was pushed into third place. However, in a result not foreseen by any commentators, let alone either party, Labor challenger Dale Wakefield narrowly led Giles on election night. Ultimately, Wakefield defeated Giles by a knife-edge margin of 27 votes. Not only is Wakefield just the second challenger to unseat a sitting Chief Minister/Majority Leader in their own seat and the third challenger to oust a major-party leader in the Territory, she is also the first Labor member to represent an Alice Springs seat. Wakefield served only one term before the CLP's Joshua Burgoyne narrowly reclaimed it for the CLP in 2020.

title: Electoral division of Braitling


text:
Integral ecology

Integral ecology may refer to

 * the application of Ken Wilber's integral theory to environmental studies
 * the integral ecology set out by Pope Francis in his encyclical letter Laudato si'

title: Integral ecology


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/6,000 to 10,000 years

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Trilobite (Talk) 15:24, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

6,000 to 10,000 years
Tagged by user:Ghepeu but I'm happy to complete the nomination. Already covered by Young earth creationism so simply delete this --Doc (?) 15:43, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete POV fork of young earth creationism. Revolución 15:45, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Wasn't this deleted before? Delete either way. Shiri — Talk 16:14, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I believe it was. Delete it again. --Whimemsz 23:37, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * User Truthteller created the article, and I believe that it is the same person who created the old one, as the same kind of rubbish is on his user page. Revolución 01:04, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The old VFD discussion --Whimemsz 01:06, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per Revolución. As a second option, a redirect would be harmless. -- BD2412 talk 19:03, 2005 Jun 5 (UTC)
 * Redirect into Lightfoots dating system. Falphin 21:37, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This [insert demeaning phrase here] individual has been turning Wikipedia into his own personal underwear stain. -- brian0918  ™  04:44, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Creation science isn't science. Haikupoet 04:56, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * What a pointless, POV statement. ··gracefool |☺ 08:08, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed - Creation science gets an article, and verily deserves it. This article, however, is just a range of dates, a conclusion rather than an explanation, as it were. -- BD2412 talk 20:28, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)

 * Delete — redundant, highly PoV, and lacking credibility. Judging by his user page, he is "on a mission from god"®. So we'll probably see many more like this one. — RJH 20:24, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment This is POV, redundant, and infinitely deletable, but I don't like the temperature of these remarks either. What happened to 'no personal attacks'? This user is entitled to his unpopular opinions (although not to push them in this manner). Why is it that certain views produce such spleen from otherwise fair-minded people? The 'Church of Reality' POV nonsense got an easier time - despite its sock puppets. --Doc (?) 21:17, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Vitriol reflex, I guess. People on the rationalist side get tired of trying to defend their positions against people who selectively examine the evidence and refuse to listen when they're being called on their tactics. It's as if, in the middle of a boxing match, the opponent switches to taekwondo or Brazilian Jiu-Jutsu instead of following the rules; therefore their responses come out in a frustrated and rather nasty manner. Haikupoet 22:44, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. I hate to sound so negative, given some of the nasty comments above, but if Truthteller makes another article like this, there needs to be an RFC or mediation request.   →Ingoolemo←   talk  23:57, 2005 Jun 6 (UTC)
 * Delete, redirect, and protect. -Sean Curtin 03:12, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete but see Doc's comment. ··gracefool |☺ 08:08, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Jayjg (talk) 22:04, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Command Post Tango

Command Post Tango (CP TANGO) is a United States Forces Korea's military bunker complex in South Korea. It is the Theater Command Post for the Combatant Commander, UNC/CFC/USFK and State Department Korea and can reportedly withstand a tactical nuclear weapon through the use of several layers of blast doors. It is located in Seongnam, Gyeonggi province.

Info
Condoleezza Rice visited the bunker in her March 2005 trip to six Asian nations as well as the President of South Korea Lee Myung-Bak. Lee Myung-Bak also visited the bunker in August 2008.

Numerous outer resources of this facility include a water treatment operations center, living quarters, several helicopter landing zones, container storage area, equipment, and facility supply storage area, operations location for the fire department, Emergency Response Center, and other structures, including buildings for external armed security personnel, Directorate of Public Works personnel, Korean Service Corps personnel, Installation Facility Management, communications personnel, and a live fire range with range personnel.

TANGO stands for Theater Air Naval Ground Operations Center. The Command Post was built right after the Korean War and is one of several Command Posts scattered across the globe in Europe, America, Hawaii, and the far east. The bunker is set to be given to the ROK Army as American forces pull back to Camp Humphreys.

title: Command Post Tango


text:
Talk:Vaska's complex

The balanced equation isn't balanced (for instance 6 Cls on the left give 2 on the right) 129.67.64.163 (talk) 16:05, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

The third reference needs clarification. As of now, I am unable to find that citation on JACS. Pdphan 02:48, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Try clicking on the doi? It works for me. --Rifleman 82 06:10, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for making the change! Looks great now. Pdphan 04:15, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Is this compound useful for artificial blood?
This is suggested by the text but not explicitly discussed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.88.88.91 (talk) 21:17, 19 September 2013 (UTC)
 * You might check out Blood substitute. Vaska's complex attracted a lot of attention because it reversibly forms an adduct with O2, but other compounds that are simpler and look a little more like myoglobin also bind O2. I think that the best systems are fluorocarbons that simply dissolve a lot of oxygen. --Smokefoot (talk) 02:00, 20 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Robert A. Freitas Jr. suggested it as a possible haemoglobin substitute for aliens in Xenology. But even then, he mentions that there are simpler and more likely possibilities, and that the photosensitivity of Vaska's complex is an issue. :) Double sharp (talk) 15:14, 21 November 2022 (UTC)

IUPAC name
I doubt that the claimed IUPAC name (SP-4-1)-carbonylchloridobis(triphenylphosphane)iridium(I) is correct. Ligand priority numbers should be: Cl (1), PPh3 (2), CO (3); ligand in trans position relative to Cl (1) is CO (3), so the name should be (SP-4-3)-carbonylchloridobis(triphenylphosphane)iridium(I). Shouldn't?

(I think there might be some confusion from IUPAC IR-9.3.3.3 Square planar coordination systems (SP-4), Example 1 text: “… Priority number sequence: 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 …” which according to surrounding info and examples should read “… Priority number sequence: 1 > 2 > 3 > 4 …”. By the way, these are for [Mabcd] complexes. For [Ma2bc] complexes, there are only three different priority numbers.)

—Mykhal (talk) 15:35, 21 September 2018 (UTC)

Who was first?
Currently the article states that "The complex was first reported by J. W. DiLuzio and Lauri Vaska in 1961.", how ever aggording to these two references and  it was first made by M. Angoletta in 1959. They refer to "Angoletta, M. Iridium carbonyl derivatives. III. Dicarbonylaminoiridium(I) halides. Gazz. Chim. Ital. 1959, 2359", which might be this. Unfortunately I don't have access to that (and don't understand Italian). But in this paper it is mentioned that Angoletta made the bromo analogue trans-IrBr(CO)(PPh3)2, so they might have made the chloro containing Vaska's complex too. Grounds for editing the article? --Nitraus (talk) 12:45, 9 May 2021 (UTC)

 * I found a great historical review of Lauri Vaska and the history of his compound: FIFTY YEARS OF VASKA’S COMPOUND, Rein U. Kirss, Bull. Hist. Chem., Volume 38, Number 1 (2013)).

 * Kirss explained that Maria Angoletta probably did make the bromide first. But she thought that the chloride was a dicarbonyl, IrCl(CO)2(PPh3)2. The dicarbonyl conforms with the bias for 18e rule and in fact does exist in when "Vaskas" is treated with CO.  So, Vaska correctly formulated his compound.  Also of course, he knew that it was something important, which she did not apparently know, because he published in a high impact journal. I read Angoletta's article in the (now dead) Italian journal, using Google translate. It is an interesting report focused on IrX(CO)2(amine), but they mention, without understandiing, some of the earliest evidence for mixed valence linear chain compounds.

 * Summary: an Estonian-born professor and his Italian-derived student (presumably) Diluzio get most credit, but the Italian woman Maria Angoletta is not forgotten. --Smokefoot (talk) 15:53, 9 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vaska's complex


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Race and intelligence

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP

With 6 valid delete votes and at least 40 valid keep votes, consensus is clearly to keep

Race and intelligence
Delete Unbelievably POV article filled with racist stereotypes. No hope of becoming neutral. Revolución 15:44, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Probably the Wikipedia article with most references to peer-reviewed scientific studies. Very noteworthy (but controversial) area of scientific research. The results are not what the typical racists would prefer, for example, East Asians have higher average IQ scores than whites. The article does not claim that the differences are due to genetics, environmental factors may well explain all of the differences. Ultramarine 15:57, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Huge, long-standing, thoroughly-referenced article about a topic of social significance and increasing public scrutiny. This VfD is baseless. --Rikurzhen 16:38, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * This VfD is not baseless. I am simply nominating an article that has no hope of becoming neutral. The premise of this article is to try to "prove" that blacks and hispanics are less intelligent. That is b---shit! We don't need articles like this anyway. Revolución 22:49, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * you should consult the Deletion policy and re-read the definition of NPOV. you should also note that this topic has been an active area of public debate and research since at least 1969; clearly from the article's length there is a lot to report on. don't allow taboo to impact your intellecutal judgment. --Rikurzhen 23:09, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * I suggest reading the article before claiming that it is racist or non-neutral. There is no attempt in the article to prove anything. On the contrary a thorough discussion of several sides of the controversial evidence is presented. Dystopos 05:02, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * What is neutral? All people on earth are equal. They are as tall, as fat and as smart as each other regardless of gender, sexual orientation, class and race. If you see some people more often in a basketball court, that's untrue. You're seeing an illusion. It is undisputed known fact that East Asians, Whites, Latinos and Blacks are equally good at playing basketball. White men can jump and do jump very well. ... There are as many uneducated rocket scientists working for NASA as educated ones ... The fact is we are not equal. But that doesn't mean people cannot co-exist peacefully and help each other. That's why we need a good article with known facts to fight groundless racism. -- Toytoy 02:00, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This should be rather a featured article candidate than a VFD... -- Marcika 16:51, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I simply do not know what to say to that. Ugh. Revolución 22:54, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Nomination is politically motivated. Oliver Chettle 18:34, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The article is politically-motivated. Revolución 22:51, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Controversial subject still need articles so that both sides can be vetted.  I skimmed this but it seems like an excellent article and we need more with its depth of coverage and citation of sources. But we should not sit in judgment of the nominator's motivation. Justt keep it. DS1953 18:39, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Does this mean that you also approve of articles like Gender and intelligence, Sexual orientation and intelligence, or Religion and intelligence? Revolución 22:53, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * religiousness and intelligence --Rikurzhen 00:33, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * So? I asked if you support such ridiculous articles, not if they existed... Revolución 03:28, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * If human intelligence is not determined at least partially by genetic composition, gender (including hormonal influence) and any other known but disputed factors, then by what? Astrology? (see Astrological signs and intelligence). Actually, I think this topic is much less politically incorrect because if an East Asian infant can be born today, so can a black infant. -- Toytoy 02:11, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Amazing article. Wikipedia at its best, and proof that a community-edited article can work even when the subject is controversial. Arbor 19:49, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you kidding me? You're calling a racist article "amazing"? Revolución 22:49, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it's great that Wikipedia's NPOV policy forbids censorship of unpopular views and taboo subjects; the encyclopedia is better for it. --Rikurzhen 23:14, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is not a forum that people can express their views. It's an encylopedia where factual and neutral information should be presented. Revolución 23:38, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * No, it's an encyclopedia where all information can be presented in a neutral manner -- not just "neutral information" -- NPOV means neutral presentation of POVs not no POVs. It's a forum for published peer-reviewed ideas: note the enormous number of references in this article to support and attribute facts/claims. Finally, VfD is not the proper procedure for a NPOV dispute. --Rikurzhen 23:43, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * I did not nominate it just because it was POV. I nominated it because it has no hope of becoming a neutral article, since the article's title itself sets up a premise that it will try to 'prove' a relationship between race/ethnicity and intelligence, and such a relationship does not exist. Revolución 00:06, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * a relationship between race/ethnicity and intelligence... does not exist -- I'd be fascinated to read a peer-reviewed paper that makes that claim. --Rikurzhen 00:29, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * What sort of relationship do you think exists between these two completely non-related things? I'd be surprised to see a neutral article that makes the claim the two concepts are related. Revolución 00:58, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Then I'm guessing you haven't actually read the article you are proposing to delete. --Rikurzhen 01:28, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * If you define "intelligence" a certain way and define "race" a certain way, then you can find and state correlations between the two. The real question is whether it is a revealing relationship, and, if it is "revealing," then what it reveals. P0M 02:50, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * "it has no hope of becoming a neutral article, since the article's title itself sets up a premise that it will try to 'prove' a relationship between race/ethnicity and intelligence" - This is simply not so. The article's name implies a discussion of a relationship between race/ethnicity and intelligence, which includes the topic of whether such a relationship exists. If you think that the article doesn't adequately discuss this possibility, that's a problem with the article that should be fixed by editing, not by deletion. Daekharel 15:30, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I agree completely with Revolucion, the entire article seems to be based on a narrow political view. -CunningLinguist 23:47, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Against my better judgment (because this irrelevant), let me say ... as one of the current editors of this article ... I am a registered Democrat, I'm an atheist, I voted for Gore and Kerry, I live in a blue state, I donate to the ACLU, I work in academia, I ride a bike to work, I don't shop at Walmart, and my favorite political philosopher is John Rawls. But I guess that's not the "narrow political view" you were thinking of? --Rikurzhen 00:20, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * I dont beleive I ever stated this article had anything to do with Right-Left politics. I was referring to something Revolucion pointed out himself: that this article begins with the premise that there is a correlation between race and intelligence and attempts to prove it. I find such an article to be inherently POV and to be based on personal speculation/political reasoning/interest. Thus I feel this article should be deleted. -CunningLinguist 01:49, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Then I must apologize for being glib, but now it seems I don't understand your criticism at all. If you'd like to try to explain in detail, you could add a comment to the article's talk page. --Rikurzhen 03:06, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Thoroughly referenced NPOV article.  Far from being racist, it highlights what might be considered racial bias in intelligence testing methods.  Socio-economic, cultural, and geographic factors are discussed citing a variety of scholarly sources.  If someone disagrees with this article he or she should bring in more peer-reviewed academic papers to include in the discussion.  --Fazdeconta 00:03, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Good thorough article. Political correctness should not be the basis for deleting articles. Capitalistroadster 02:00, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. But a suggestion: the article would probably disturb people less if the graph was moved from the top to the middle. --Arcadian 02:17, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Even though I am acutely uncomfortable with the article and deeply question the validity of unstated assumptions that serve as the foundation of the studies upon which the article reports, disappearing the article will not make the issues that the article attempts to discuss go away. To make a satisfactory article would require that we engage in original research, or, at a very minimum, that we deeply think about and critique the fundamentals of the field. To do so, however, involves doing what I have been told over and over again is forbidden to us.  If we are forbidden even to think about issues rather than to just report on what others have written about issues, then to make a more satisfactory article would require finding articles to cite that would go into the fundamental problems with this field. In brief, the article shows that if people define "intelligence" a certain way, and if people defines "races" a certain way, then certain correlations can be stated. My reaction to that report is, "So what?" But I have little hope that the anti-intellectual biases can be hedged well enough to permit a more penetrating article.

 * Ideally, the article should point out the lack of a fundamental critique that goes beyond finger pointing, and the fact that regardless of the good intent of some of those involved in the field, the assertion (true or false) of a correlation between race and intelligence very definitely serves racist purposes. I support the feelings of Revolución -- I just don't think that scrapping the article is the way to straighten things out. And you can blame me too, because I've been through too many partisan and mean-spirited debates in Wikipedia to barge in where I have no depth of research knowledge and where the simple act of thinking is met with vituperative responses.P0M 02:39, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * P0M, since you pointed that out I've done the best I can to make that POV even more prominent by quoting the abstract of a recent Robert Sternberg review paper. --Rikurzhen 04:20, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but if the guy you cited stands as an expert in the field it only strengthens my impression that the field makes assertions that "aren't even wrong." I can see why Revolución goes ballistic, but his problem would seem actually to be with the field and not to the article (that only reflects the field since that is all good Wikipedians are permitted to do). I'm feeling extremely grumpy, but please do not take it personally. You've never told me to stop thinking or to stop trying to explain things to people like Revolución who have (IMHO) the right idea but the unclear way to put it.  P0M 05:05, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. It's certainly notable.  It's covered at length in pretty much any introductory psychology class.  Whether or not we'll ever get it to be POV, I doubt it.  But it's just as important as any other controversial issue out there. --Idont Havaname 03:30, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Is it covered in any philosophy of science courses that you know about? That's the only place it is likely to get an adequate going-over unless there is a top-rate researcher like Milton Diamond who is interested in this field.P0M 05:05, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment this article is just ridiculous. Anyone can start an article called "--- and intelligence". What if someone created an article called "Music choice and intelligence" and attempted to prove that listeners to one genre of music are smarter than the other. This is the kind of insanity I see in this article. I don't know why all these people are voting keep, it just baffles the hell out of me. Hey, I thought this was the damn 21st century, not the 1400s. Revolución 03:32, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Just take a class in psychology, and you'll see that it's an important issue. Making a comparison to other stuff, you don't delete the Boston Red Sox or George W. Bush just because there are people who don't like them. --Idont Havaname 03:37, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I guess it's an important "issue"....to racists. The facts are, no connection exists between race/ethnicity and intelligence. The articles on "Boston Red Sox" and "George W. Bush" are real things, while the supposed "connection" between race and intelligence does not exist. Revolución 03:46, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * In a way I agree with you, and in another way I disagree. First, suggesting that this person or that person is a "racist" isn't likely to get us to anything except defensiveness. Second, the conceptualization of [race] is so murky, with hardly any two identifiable people actually defining the word "race" the same way, that it is difficult to think about clearly -- especially since people are generally unwilling to dig down to brass tacks and then build back out. To make things worse, [intelligence] is not conceptualized clearly either. It has regularly been used in these discussions as though it were a thing, no? It is an abstract category and a moving target depending for its actions on who is pointing the gun, and yet it is discussed as though it is a simple entity "out there somewhere" just waiting for somebody to take a snapshot of it.  It's even been given a "true name" to identify the ens realissimus behind all manifestations of [intelligence] -- the simple letter g .  So now people are trying to correlate two "entities" hypostatized out of subjectively determined abstract categories.  There's nothing particularly immoral about that approach.  It's just (IMHO) stupid. But it does give racists a golden opportunity.  The only good thing (from my point of view) is that white racists are beginning to have to deal with a their own reactions to a cartoon in which the white guys are second string (or maybe third rate, who knows since its dependent on how you play the game).  P0M 05:05, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I think you, Revolución, are as just as narrow-minded as those "racists." There clearly is a racial gap that exists in the United States, and whether it is due to "genetics" or "environment" is of another matter --they are both very arguable as seen with statistics. Even though this article is controversial, there is no reason to delete this page for its controversy. We do not delete articles on Adolf Hitler or Stalin or Andrew Jackson, just because of the controversy that surrounds those two figures. The "connection between race and intelligence" has not been disproven completely, nor has the connection between environment and intelligence been completely proven; and thus, there is an argument for both that exist. There are clearly very educated and intelligent --perhaps more open-minded than you-- people who argue for one or the other, and to ignore one or the other is very dilletante. I believe you, Revolución, are as narrow-minded as those "racists" whom you claim you are against. Just because this article is extremely controversial, it does not mean that it should be deleted. One should be open-minded to all view points of a matter, and this matter is very important and very visible in the United States.Bezant
 * Please do not make personal attacks. I'm unabashedly not racist, by the way; I have friends of all races and a wide range of nationalities.  Now back to the article we're discussing, controversies of this scale are in themselves notable, see for example our articles on creationism and evolution, or pro-life and pro-choice.  Regardless of whether or not you agree with something, if the debate is this major then we need to show all major sides to remain NPOV.  Granted, it's harder to show NPOV on something like this, but as long as all major viewpoints are well thought out and included with the article, we've done our job in making the article unbiased. --Idont Havaname 03:54, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Revolución, I've added references and quotations that I believe will more clearly express your POV in the article. --Rikurzhen 04:22, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. What Religiousness and intelligence ought to become. Christopher Parham (talk) 04:20, 2005 Jun 6 (UTC)
 * Keep. Seems to be a reasonably fair treatment of an extremely controversial issue. Illustrates, with extensive references, reasons why such a relationship may exist and what criticisms that theory has. I, too, am troubled by the theory on one side of this issue, but I don't see the article as really POV for either side. ESkog 04:33, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (but if necessary, clean up for NPOV). Well written article about a notable, controversial subject. Race and intelligence has lately been on the news here in Finland, because of a book that our prime minister's father wrote in co-operation with some American dude, which dares to claim that perhaps whites are not the stupidest race in the world after all.   — J I P | Talk 04:40, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Pretending that a debate doesn't exist does not make the debate go away, nor does it fulfill our mission of providing a comprehensive encyclopedia. --FCYTravis 06:16, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Shouldn't that be "pretending a debate doesn't exist"?   — J I P | Talk 06:27, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Annoyed grunt! Kids: Don't drink and Wiki. Thanks --FCYTravis 06:32, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - The topic is notable both from a societal and historical standpoint. Clean up the POV, but in my opinion, The Bell Curve covers a similar debate with a neutral POV, so it's quite possible.  I'd love to see this topic end up like Phrenology some day, but deleting something because the debate might seem to support racism is not the way to go.  michael 07:40, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The only reason you might think this article has a racist undertone, is likely because you are a racist. Content is portrayed nuetrally, research is confirmable. R Lee E 18:24, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think there should be a place for racism on Wikipedia! This article clearly tries to say that blacks and hispanics are less intelligent, and that is bullshit! Ugh! Revolución 21:29, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * If it tried to say black and hispanics were more intelligent, would that be all OK with you?   — J I P | Talk 04:14, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep As a practical concern, it's problematic to change science articles too much in response to them offending laymen. The article's meticulous references and committment to neutral treatment make it a model article for other Wikipedia articles. It is inaccurate to say "blacks and hispanics are less intelligent," as individuals from each group can be found everywhere on the IQ scale ('IQ' is not a synonym for 'intelligence'); the issue under discussion refers to the averages between these groups.  Furthermore, "neither the existence nor the size of race differences in IQ are a matter of dispute, only their cause."  That being said, yes, we're all deeply uncomfortable with the topic.  --Nectarflowed T 23:15, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep Maybe this article could be smoothed a little bit, but overall, it's an important contribution. Revolucion, it doesn't say that blacks/hispanic are innately stupid, so don't bother with your canned self-righteousness; it says, as do most other similar studies/articles, that their lower level of functioning is due to outside constraints like nutrition, education, &c. Read Guns, Germs, and Steel. --67.161.115.23 22:12, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep subject is of enormous contemporary interest from several points of view.  NPOV is a (difficult) task for editors, not a criterion for VfD. Comment An analogy for the broader topic: 17th Century ethicists were dismayed by the perceived implications of astronomical observations and attempted to censor the entire endeavor. We in the 21st century are dismayed by the perceived implications of race/intelligence research, but we should know better than to censor the endeavor. Perhaps our assumptions about the implications are flawed. We will have to find out by continuing to do research and to report the results without biased preconceptions to a wide audience. Dystopos 23:59, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep This article is pretty neutral and the subject is very significant. --Tomazrui
 * Keep Many articles are going to be inherently POV problems, and this doesn't make them unworthy. Interslice
 * Keep, although it is clearly very POV ··gracefool |☺ 08:11, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I'd be willing to edit the article for POV, but I don't see what's non-neutral about it. Should I add "but this is bullshit" after every presentation of scientific evidence that appears to support unpalatable beliefs? Dystopos 13:22, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong Keep Probably the Wikipedia article with most references to peer-reviewed scientific studies. Very noteworthy (but controversial) area of scientific research. The results are not what the typical racists would prefer, for example, East Asians have higher average IQ scores than whites. The article does not claim that the differences are due to genetics, environmental factors may well explain all of the differences. [[User:JV] 14:22, 8 Jun 2005 (EDT)

 * Extreme keep. This article does not seem to overtly take a side, and while I can see a little bias toward the existance of a link it's something to be cleaned up, not deleted. This article can be made perfectly NPOV by making it simply describe the controversy. If you want to get political, denying that such a link is possible or that people believe in it is not a good idea. Nickptar 18:31, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. If we get rid of pages that are this well researched and manage to stay anything like so neutral (not that it's perfect) on a controversial topic, what hope do we have for anything other than the very blandest of useless, politically correct waffle. --Douglas 19:39, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The article cites numerous sources, presents data in an unbiased fashion, and summarizes itself without drawing biased conclusions.  Yes, it's a controversial topic, but the article handles the controversy well.  It's also not particularly politically correct, but last time I checked, NPOV doesn't equal PC.  --Dachannien 21:56, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Facts, figures, and research presented in a calm and painfully NPOV way. Howls of outrage from dogmatic egalitarians should not be allowed to cause articles to be deleted. LeoO3 22:59, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Absolute Keep. Well-referenced article which throughly illustrated the ongoing controversy based on sound scientific evidence.
 * Keep. Well-written and extremely well referenced article — should be linked from the Verifiability project page. I believe the VFD creator unfortunately suffered an (understandable) knee-jerk reaction to any idea that such a topic could even be discussed, took one look at the top graph and assumed that the article was created to prove a racist idea. If he had read the article, though, he would have seen that it is as much about the controversy as it is about anything else, and the one thing it certainly doesn't to is try to prove anything about race and intelligence. Whatever the case, there is no question that something that has been scientifically examined and debated for almost fifty years should have an article here. We're here to write about things which are notable, and this debate is certainly notable. — Asbestos | Talk  01:45, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Well written article.  Nothing inherently POV about it.  If you think it's POV the answer is to make edits where needed, not delete it.  Kaibabsquirrel 05:33, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This article is well-researched and well-written. To delete it is the ultimate victory of PC and censorship. -- Toytoy 18:07, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * By the way, I am Chinese. I belong to the group that's supposed to be the brightest on earth ONLY LESSER THAN ASKENAZI JEWS :) . So what? That doesn't matter a goddamn bit. If I am stupid, then I am stupid. If I can't make money, then I can't make money. Even if ALL OTHER Chinese are smarter than Albert Einstein, if I am stupid, I am stupid and no one else can donate his/her brain cells to me.
 * So what's wrong with this article? We all want to be smart, rich and beatiful. We may belong to the group of top dogs, but that doesn't matter. I can still be dumb, poor and ugly. Even if I belong to the lowest of the lowest gruops, if I am smart, rich and beatiful, I am smart, rich and beatiful and that's not deniable. So who cares about the average number? I only care about me, myself and I. Race and intelligence does not make me proud. It does not make me shame of myself. I cannot rule out the fact that many blacks are smarter than I. Race and intelligence is a real scientific subject. If people tend to abuse it, we need a good article like this to show people the best available information. -- Toytoy 18:24, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Aboslutely right. And I think this is briefly covered in the public policy section: There is substantial overlap in the distribution of IQ scores among individuals of each race. Jensen (1998, p. 357) estimates that in a random sample of equal numbers of US Blacks and Whites, most of variance in IQ would be unrelated to race or social class. From one POV, this research is a strong reason to treat people as individuals, rather than members of a group. --Rikurzhen 20:01, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed. This is the same idea as the study of genetic differences between races. While there can be shown to be statistical differences, the veriation within the group is far larger than the differences between the groups. — Asbestos | Talk  21:18, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment to Toytoy's above post: Ashkenazi Jews, not East Asians, are the most intelligent group on Earth, at least in terms of an average IQ figure (typically the average of spatial and verbal IQs). East Asians do have the highest spatial IQ though, slightly higher than those of Jews according to one study (I'd have to dig around for the reference). Dd2 02:30, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * There's a saying in my country: "You don't tax people when they make wild claims" (吹牛不用納稅). I'll keep the money in my pocket. I am not going to buy you beers. :) -- Toytoy 03:17, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)

But I'm going to say some more anyway. Saying that an article has "no hope of becoming neutral", when it's established that the topic itself is notable enough to merit inclusion in an encyclopedia, is tantamount to saying Wikipedia just can't handle it. That's one opinion, but it's not something we're qualified to judge here. Surely you're not arguing that all information in the article is false and/or irrelevant, that is, the sources we quote don't really say what we report or none of them express notable viewpoints. That would mean the article is a complete hoax, and it would be the only reason you could justify outright deletion with. Wikipedia does not report on what is true, only significant views on what is true. Claiming that "race" and "intelligence" are unrelated concepts is just another POV, one that can and should be addressed in the article itself. It does no good to pretend that the POV that race and intelligence are concepts that can be meaningfully related is not significant. The article clearly establishes that it is. JRM · Talk 23:40, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 18:27, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Agree that deletion == censorship. Properly referenced, properly POV-checked, etc. --Kiand 18:55, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Too well referenced to delete.   —thames 19:39, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This VfD is ridiculous. - Nat Krause 22:12, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. An important topic, extremely thorough but needs to become NPOV . (ugh don't edit at 2 A.M., you'll say the weirdest things)--Bash 06:05, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but work on balancing viewpoints. And move to Race and IQ, whilst we're at it. -- Karada 09:35, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * While moving to Race and IQ has some merit, I think it rather highlights something this article needs to be broadened into: that measuring intelligence is, itself, difficult and inexact and a difference in IQ is not necessarily a difference in intelligence measure by other means. --Douglas 11:09, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Assuming this information was obtained in a scientific manner, then let's not censor this information on the grounds that it will offend certain groups. --Katsumoto 18:40, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep EdgarEdwinCayce 18:53, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, this article is POV; but that will eventually be fixed. This article is important to wikipedia. Phoenix2 01:28, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, if there is valid scientific evidence for or against correlation of race and IQ, this is the place to present or refute it. EDIT: I'd also like to note that this is one of the few truly well-cited articles on Wikipedia. Kudos to the editors. Peter Farago 02:00, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The extremely controversial subject of racial differences in IQ has been electrifying public debate for decades and deserves its own entry many times over. Rather than being deserving of deletion, I consider this article to be one of Wikipedia's finest, precisely because it demonstrates that Wikipedia is willing to present the facts as they stand rather than running in terror from those facts out of the fear that someone, somewhere, may become offended by them. Harkenbane 03:48, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Anyone interested in the topic would do well to start with this article; as such, it's a model encyclopedia entry. --DAD 05:36, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. NPOV is not the same political correctness. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:50, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Provided that the article mentions that it is unknown as to whether it is nurture or nature promoting the differences.  GeorgeBills 13:50, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. There exist studies showing statistical correlations between race and IQ; there is controversy over the interpretation of these results; there are various POVs on this subject. Therefore, it is a valid subject for a wikipedia article. Whether it is currently POV is utterly irrelevant. Maybe it should be renamed to Race and IQ, but that won't happen while it's on the VfD list, will it? Daekharel 15:30, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is a subject of legitimate inquiry, and shouldn't be suppressed on the basis of political correctness. *Dan* 19:33, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This article is exceptionally NPOV and well written, especially considering the controversial nature of the subject—Trevor Caira 21:47, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. NPOV dispute. And that's really all I need to say about it, isn't it? NPOV disputes are not VfD material.
 * Keep. "Race" is an arbitrary term used to denigrate groups different from the groups in power in a given society. Once knowing that, however, one can say studies like this are not wholly irrevelent; these sorts of inquiries show how disenfranchised members are affected by prejudiced societal institutions, poverty, and other related social issues. The article should shed more light should be put on the fact that race is not an absolute construct but one based on subjective perception. RP 0:42, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete. I'm worried that this page will become ammunition for racists. I realize there are good arguments for not censoring, but consider this: was it right for the United States to censor or withhold information about the atomic bomb? Of course it was. In the wrong hands it could be deadly.
 * Note that the above comment was made, unsigned, by an anonymous user at IP 68.202.118.66. I don't believe it has ever been, or ever should be, Wikipedia policy to suppress truthful information simply because it might be misused by somebody.  The whole "That's information too dangerous for anybody to know" bit is just not what this site is all about.  Fortunately, the PC crowd seems to be vastly outnumbered here. *Dan* 22:38, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Note - this anonymous user vandalised this VfD by editing anothers comments shortly before posting this - http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion/Race_and_intelligence&diff=prev&oldid=15086258 --22:40, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Note - YOU'RE the vandal. Those comments were obviously my own and you removed them. I stand by what I said. Anyone that swallows this crap is a racist and psuedoscientist -- 23:24 Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Indented to the exact same level as comments below and unsigned - sounds like an impersonation attempt to me, and would indeed sound like one to any other long-term editor here. Oh, and No Personal Attacks might be a good thing to read. Accusations of being a 'racist' definately fall under that. --Kiand 23:32, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Also Remove personal attacks. --Rikurzhen 05:41, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * The topic has been an issue of public discussion since at least 1969. Most of the research has been secondarily reported somewhere on the Internet. Deleting this article won't change that. --Rikurzhen 23:15, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep for all the reasons mentioned above: good scholarship, graphs, easy-to-read language. We should only hope that all articles on Wikipedia were this thorough. Justin (koavf) 23:19, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Very well written article but doesn't change the fact that it is utter crap. --Kulkuri 09:02, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Surprisingly well written and balanced article. I would vote to definitely keep this article. I learned a lot reading it and it would be a shame to delete a piece that is so comprehensive and well documented. You know, plugging your ears and going "neener, neener, neener...," is not a way to engage in scholarly debate.  IQ is interesting but not the complete measure of man.  I just took an IQ test online and it differed not a whit from my IQ converted from an SAT score from 1973, fascinating... an anecdote that is supported by evidence. So there will never be a bumper sticker that says, "Don't like your IQ, then change it."  so what?  But there might be one that says "People not smart enough for you? Then change the world". George Bernard Shaw  said, "The reasonable man adapts himself to the conditions that surround him... The unreasonable man adapts surrounding conditions to himself... All progress depends on the unreasonable man." Unsigned vote by 66.30.138.100
 * Strong keep. Factual claims should be assessed on their own merits, not by the political motivations of those who defend them. Sir Paul 22:01, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Article makes the controvertial assumption that members of the population groups we label white, asian, black, hispanic are more genetically similar with each other than with other members of other groups. Hugely unfounded. But that's something that can be fixed within the article, which is otherwise pretty good. Don't know why this is listed under VfD instead of being discussed in the Talk page. --Cypherx 02:25, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Cypherx, I have tried to find the claim about genetic similarity you are (correctly) criticizing. Could you help us find it? Arbor 10:26, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The background info starts out noting the objections to classification by race (which is a pretty good summary of the objections). However the rest of article then treats races as well defined meaningful things. At the very least there should be some acknowledgement that since most of these studies occurred within the US they don't accurately portray Hispanic intelligence or European intelligence, but rather the subpopulations of the United States that are identified as White or Hispanic. --Cypherx 10:43, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Woops! I didn't finish the article and missed this: Most research has been done in the US and a few other developed nations.. So nevermind. No objections to the article, definitely silly that its being voted for deletion. --Cypherx 10:50, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I guess I still question the racial labels employed in many of the studies cited (how do they determine who's of what race? why is it treated as if there is some clear cut standard?) but I guess that falls into the domain of academic argument rather than something universally accepted. --Cypherx 10:52, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong keep. Unbelievably strongly researched and many-sided article. The attackers seem incapable of commenting on the article on its own merits in accordance with the deletion policy. Even if there was absolutely nothing in intelligence that was genetical in its nature, that would clearly be implied in the research the article is based, so the disputation of the connection between race and intelligence is no basis for deletion of the article. --Tmh 11:27, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I think there is no such thing as a white, asian, hispanic or black race. This is an oversimplication of reality that has no scientific base. Why don't you do a "pure english" against "pure german"... Are Rusians asian ? What about Filipinos ? And Mongols ? Where are the Arabic ? What about the hispanic/Peruan ? and the hispanic/Argentinian ? Which date will you use to determine the purity of a German, an English or a French? Considering the black, how many mixes of black/white/asian/hispanic are enough to stop considering him black ? Is a single black in the tree enough to consider all below black ? Same for white ? Why ? I mean, you can't be serious about this. You guys are funny. --[Jorge Daza]
 * What "you think" is clearly POV, and not a valid basis for policy decisions here. *Dan* 15:07, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Copied from the article: "People labeled Blacks have most of their ancestors from...". Well, "most of their ancestors" doesn't sound very scientific to me. Does it to you ? Where I said "I think", you can actually remove it, because these days that's a fact. If you like the article, name it something like "What_we_think_are_American_races_and_IQ". Because you can't neither make asumptions about races on countries you haven't made studies on. And I have to remember you that people from different countries refer to the wikipedia for information, and you can't make universal asumptions on that. Have you considered distance and motive why people from different races is there ? Really, you have to be joking if you want to make something like this look like serious. I mean, I would keep the article in a different place and with a different name. But this is meant to be an Encyclopedia. Refer to the meaning of that in case of doubt. BTW at least put a notice like the one in Sex_and_intelligence. --[Jorge Daza]
 * Hi Jorge, this VfD page really isn't a good place to learn about genetics. Maybe you want to take your objections to the talk page? Anyway, I found to be a good overview of the basic arguments one should be familiar with; do have a look. Maybe the current article should make a better job of explaining this, even though it basically belongs to Race. The tacit American assumptions about race that permeate the article are one of my own few concerns with the current state of the page (I'm European), and as you can see I have put that very issue on the Todo-list yesterday. I would be happy if you kept a look on this page and see if it evolves in the right direction. Arbor 16:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi Arbor, was the people subject of the IQ test also subject of a genetic mapping ? I don't doubt about the science of genetics. I doubt about the article's based-on "science". And sure, we can move to talk. I'm European too. Copied from the link you posted: "No serious scientist, in fact, believes that genetically pure populations exist." There can't be real science on such a thing like "white/hispanic/black/asian" races. Thus, until such a study exists this article cannot be considered science or knowledge. -- [Jorge Daza]
 * Jorge, I wrote the sentence you're discussing. It is a painfully simplistic summary of a very complicated topic. But a fuller treatment can't fit in the intro of this article, which is why we prominently direct people to the race article. About that particular sentence: notice it is cited. Here's a summary of the paper I referenced. --Rikurzhen 16:44, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree that the conventional idea of "race" is simplistic, but this article is talking about studies and ideas relating to that concept, not asserting that the concept or any of the studies or ideas referenced are true. Wikipedia is not for pushing your point of view, or anybody's. Nickptar 17:00, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong keep. Extremely well researched and balanced article. It's good that Wikipedia is able to handel as controversial issues as this with objectivity. --Stabuh
 * Strong Remove. The IQ test is not reliable. Hispanic is not a race.  Plus, this is the combination of two ideas.  It shouldn't be one article.
 * Request will an editor with more experience managing Vfd votes than me please act on the consensus. This has been going on long enough. Dystopos 18:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I understand the racism involved may be controversial, but doesn't hte article explicitly state that? This article is about scientific studies and theories, not racist philisophies or politics.  Believe the studies or not, is up to you. --greekmythfan 19:09, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Maude Maggart

Maude Amber McAfee-Maggart (born February 24, 1975) is an American cabaret singer and recording artist who performs throughout the United States and Europe, but most often in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York City.

Biography
Maggart was born in New York City to Broadway veterans Brandon Maggart and Diane McAfee and is the sister of singer/songwriter Fiona Apple. Growing up going by the name Amber, she changed her stage name at the age of 20 to Maude, after her paternal great-grandmother, Maude Apple.

Maggart's brother, Garett Maggart, starred in the TV series The Sentinel. In addition, her maternal grandparents were Millicent Greene, a dancer with the George White's Scandals, a series of 1920s musical revues similar to the Ziegfeld Follies, and Johnny McAfee, a multireedist and vocalist of the big band era. Her grandparents met while touring with Johnny Hamp and his Orchestra. She went to the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts, in New York City. Her 2001 cabaret debut in Los Angeles prompted critic Les Traub to write that she is "destined to become a major cabaret star."

She has been described as a "strikingly beautiful and poised performer," and has been widely praised for her vocal talent, her intelligent, emotional, witty interpretations, as well as for her taste in song selection primarily from the American popular song book featuring the works of Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, Jerome Kern, Harold Arlen, Johnny Mercer, Vernon Duke, and Rodgers and Hart. She has paid vocal tribute in her concerts to such popular singers and predecessors as Helen Morgan, Annette Hanshaw, Ruth Etting, Alice Faye, Helen Forrest and lyricist Marshall Barer. Her 2006 concerts have featured established standards as well as renditions of songs by Jackson Browne and Joan Baez.

Her first album Look For the Silver Lining focuses on songs of the 1920s. The selections on her second album, With Sweet Despair, range in era and style. Her third album features a repertoire of standards and is titled Maude Maggart Sings Irving Berlin, which included "When I Lost You," Maggart's rendition of which is featured in the movie Spike. In 2007 she released Maude Maggart Live. Her latest recording is a collaboration with Brent Spiner, entitled Dreamland.

Embraced as a protégée and colleague of such other performers as Michael Feinstein and Andrea Marcovicci, she has been profiled on National Public Radio, in the New York Times and Time Out New York and has appeared on such shows as Prairie Home Companion. In 2005, she received the Backstage Ira Eaker Award, The Tony Award for Outstanding Achievement in Cabaret and the Manhattan Association of Cabarets and Clubs (M.A.C.) award for Best Female Debut. She has performed regularly at the Oak Room of the Algonquin Hotel in New York, the Gardenia in Hollywood and the Plush Room in San Francisco.

Albums

 * Maude Maggart Sings 1920's Broadway (2002)
 * Look for the Silver Lining (2003)
 * With Sweet Despair (2005)
 * Maude Maggart Sings Irving Berlin (2005)
 * Maude Maggart Live (2007)
 * Dreamland (2008) with Brent Spiner
 * Here Come The Dreamers (2017) limited edition release - only 100 copies (CDs) pressed

Cabaret shows
Each Maude Maggart show has a theme running through the show. The songs are put together to tell a story from the beginning of the evening to the end.

 * Shaking the Blues Away: A 1920s Cabaret (2003/4)
 * Irving Berlin: The Songs of Irving Berlin (2006/7)
 * Good Girl Bad Girl, explores the emotional complexities of songs written for both naughty and nice, and others open to interpretation (2007/8).
 * Speaking of Dreams, love and dreams are connected in song (2008/9).
 * Parents and Children (2009/10)
 * Three Little Words, songs with three-word titles (2010).
 * Everybody's Doin' It (2011)
 * Into the Garden, inspired by the recent centenary of the Titanic (2012).
 * The Door Opened with John Boswell on piano (2014)
 * Music That Lasts: Maude Maggart and the American Songbook, as part of the Chicago Humanities Festival, view the entire concert (May 4, 2019).
 * Together Again - a joint show with Andrea Marcovicci, with Gerald Sternbach on piano (2023)

Other notable appearances

 * "Pale September", backing vocals on Fiona Apple's 1996 album Tidal
 * "The Very Thought of You / When I Fall on Love", a duet with Tim Draxl on his 2001 album Insongniac
 * "Moonlight", "I'm Outta Here" and "Please, Don't Let It Be Love" with Ray Jessel on his 2003 album The First Seventy Years
 * "The Bends" (backing vocals) with Christine Lavin on her 2005 album Folkzinger
 * "Baby", a duet with John Lithgow on his 2006 album The Sunny Side of the Street
 * "My Ship", "The River Is So Blue", "Buddy on the Nightshift" with Andrea Marcovicci & vocal ensemble on her 2007 album Kurt Weill in America
 * Johnny Mercer: The Dream's on Me, Television special, 2009 (Turner). On the associated album 'Clint Eastwood Presents: Johnny Mercer "The Dream's On Me" - A Celebration of His Music', Maude sings "Skylark" with Jamie Cullum
 * "Finding Words for Spring" with Ray Jessel on his 2009 album Naughty or Nice
 * "Find Your Song", "Not the Star You Thought I'd Be" with David Lucky on his 2011 album Kill 'em with Kindness
 * A Prairie Home Companion (NPR)
 * Fiona Apple's The Idler Wheel... on the track "Hot Knife" (2012)
 * "Hushabye Mountain", "Sing for Your Supper", "Save Your Sorrow / Look for the Silver Lining", "Ready for the River", "Was That the Human Thing to Do?" as guest vocalist on the Molly Ryan album Swing for Your Supper (2013)
 * "I'm in the Middle of a Riddle" with Fiona Apple on the Starbucks-sponsored album Sweetheart 2014 (2014)
 * "Finale/Good Night Irene" with Christine Lavin and Friends on the album Live at McCabe's (2015)
 * "The Poor People of Paris" with Howard Alden on the 2016 album Trip the Light Fantastic by Swami Júnior, Manu Lafer & Howard Alden
 * Guest vocals on all but one track on the 2017 album The Word by Manu Lafer
 * "Newspaper" (as Maude Maggart) and "Ladies" (as Maude Maggart) from Fiona Apple's 2020 album "Fetch the Bolt Cutters", early press releases credited Amber Maggart (her real name) as background vocals
 * "While There Is Still Time" - honouring frontline medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (music by Michele Brourman, lyrics by Hillary Rollins) (April 2020)

title: Maude Maggart


text:
User:Baxter2

I'm Bazter2. I came here to flesh out the Bill White bio, and ended up writing more articles than I expected.

Articles I've contributed to:

 * Bill White
 * Erica Hoesch
 * Chuck Munson
 * Tad Kepley
 * Joe Adams
 * Jennifer Adams
 * Del O'Conner
 * Marc Moran
 * Glenn Miller (White Patriot Party)
 * Robert Stacy McCain
 * One People's Project
 * Libertarian National Socialist Green Party

title: User:Baxter2


text:
Dorothy Payne Whitney

Dorothy Payne Elmhirst ( Whitney, previously Straight; January 23, 1887 – December 14, 1968) was an American-born social activist, philanthropist, publisher and a member of the prominent Whitney family.

Life and work
Whitney was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Flora (née Payne) and William Collins Whitney, the United States Secretary of the Navy during the first Cleveland administration from 1885 through 1889. Flora was the daughter of Senator Henry B. Payne of Ohio and sister of Colonel Oliver Hazard Payne, later treasurer of the Standard Oil Company. She attended the Chapin School. At age 17, she came into a major inheritance, approximately $15,000,000 (equivalent to $0 in dollars), following the death of her extremely wealthy father. One of the wealthiest women in America in the early 20th century, Dorothy Whitney Straight was a philanthropist and social activist who supported women's trade unions and educational and charitable organizations such as the Junior League of New York. She became the first president of the Association of Junior Leagues International in 1921. Together with her husband, she founded the weekly magazine The New Republic and the New School for Social Research in New York City.

Records of Dorothy Payne Whitney in New York City reveal the extent of her philanthropic work. She was a benefactor of the arts, feminist, and pacifist causes, as well as social and labour reform. She lent financial support to progressive alternative education plus scholarly research. In 1937, she created the William C. Whitney Foundation in her father's name.

First marriage
Her first marriage in 1911 was to Willard Dickerman Straight (1880–1918), the son of Henry H. Straight, from Oswego, New York, who went to Cornell University and by the age of 30 was a powerful man amongst the international community trading in Peking, China. Together, they had three children:

 * Whitney Willard Straight (1912–1979), who married Lady Daphne Margarita Finch-Hatton (1913–2003), the daughter of Guy Finch-Hatton, the 14th Earl of Winchilsea
 * Beatrice Whitney Straight (1914–2001), who married Louis Dolivet (1908–1989), then later Peter Cookson (1913–1990)
 * Michael Whitney Straight (1916–2004), who first married Belinda Crompton, then later Nina Gore Auchincloss (the daughter of Hugh D. Auchincloss and the step-sister of Jackie Kennedy), and lastly, Katharine Gould

Straight died at the age of 38 of influenza during the 1918 pandemic while serving with the United States Army in France during World War I. Straight's will requested his wife to continue his philanthropic work in support of Cornell and in 1925, she built Willard Straight Hall, a student union building dedicated to her late husband's memory.

Second marriage
In 1920, she met Leonard Knight Elmhirst (1893–1974), an Englishman from a Yorkshire landowning family, who was then studying agriculture at Cornell University, and was seeking support for Cornell's Cosmopolitan Club which provided amenities for foreign students. They married in April 1925, and embarked on ambitious plans to recreate rural community life at Dartington Hall in Devon. Together, they had two children: Ruth Elmhirst (1926–1986), who married Maurice Ash (1917–2003) in 1947, and William Elmhirst (born 1929).

George Bernard Shaw called Dartington a "salon in the countryside": it attracted British intellectuals like Aldous Huxley and Gerald Heard, and the American constitutional psychologist William Sheldon. At Dartington she led local artistic developments, founding Dartington College of Arts and Dartington International Summer School – although she and Leonard also continued their worldwide interests. On April 26, 1935, she renounced her United States citizenship.

Dorothy Payne Whitney Elmhirst died on December 14, 1968.

Influence
Dorothy was known for building the Willard Straight Hall at Cornell University, founding The New Republic, founding New School for Social Research, being the founding president of Association of Junior Leagues International, founding the William C. Whitney Foundation, renovating Dartington Hall and its gardens, founding the Dartington Hall Trust, founding the Dartington Hall School, founding the Dartington College of Arts, and hosting the Dartington International Summer School from 1953.

title: Dorothy Payne Whitney