text:
Waldorf Music

Waldorf Music is a German synthesizer company. They are best known for the Microwave wavetable synthesizer and Blofeld virtual analogue synthesizer.

History
Waldorf Electronics GmbH was founded in 1988 by Wolfgang Düren, who at the time was the German distributor of PPG. The Waldorf name refers to the German town Waldorf (near to the former capital of West Germany: Bonn) where the company was founded. Later, the company was headquartered in Schloss Ahrenthal.

On 5 February 2004, Waldorf declared insolvency at a German court. Shortly before, the company was turned into an Aktiengesellschaft called Waldorf Music AG, but to no avail.

In Summer 2006, a new company Waldorf Music GmbH was officially established, although it is not a legal successor to the original company. Waldorf's headquarter has now moved to Remagen and is led by CEO Joachim Flor.

After the demise of PPG in 1987, Waldorf took over the heritage of wavetable synthesis. Based on an ASIC designed by Wolfgang Palm, the Microwave, and later the WAVE, were built. However, Palm never functioned as an employee of Waldorf. Over the years, Waldorf continuously adapted new technologies. While the Microwave I (released 1989) was based on ASICs and a Motorola MC68000 micro processor, Microwave II (1997) was driven by a DSP. In 2013, NAVE, a synthesizer app for iOS was released. Their Kyra (2019) is the first fully FPGA-powered synthesizer.

While many other synth manufacturers aimed to recreate previously existing hardware in software, Waldorf went the other way and presented the RackAttack, a hardware drum synth in 2002. The synth engine had been published as a VST instrument a year before. Nevertheless, the Streichfett came up in 2014: a synth that recreated the sound of vintage string machines.

1989

 * Microwave. Rack wavetable synth and developed from the PPG Wave. Built in two different hardware revisions: the first ones had a backlit LCD. The later ones a lit character display. They use a different Curtis CEM analog lowpass filter chips. Later called Microwave I due to the 1997 introduced Microwave II

1990

 * Midibay MB-15. Rack MIDI patchbay and merger

1991

 * Microwave Waveslave. 1 HE voice extension for the original Microwave (adding another 8 voices)

1993

 * WAVE. A wavetable synthesizer. This was a deluxe extrapolation of Microwave technology, with additional features for wavetable creation and resynthesis that even today is not available on any other synthesizer. Available in 4 colours. 61 or 76 keys. 16, 32, or 48 voices and expandable to 120. Retail price in 1994 was $9000.00 with less than 200 made. The WAVE was used by for example Depeche Mode, Hans Zimmer and The Orb.
 * 4-pole. Table top analog filter box.
 * EQ-27. Compact (table top) programmable and MIDI controllable stereo 7 band equalizer.

1994

 * Microwave I V2.0 ROM upgrade, which added additional wavetables, a facility to algorithmically create custom wavetables, a speech synthesizer, and numerous other improvements. The Waveslave was not compatible with this upgrade, but a trade-in program was offered where the user could upgrade to a full Microwave for a small fee.
 * A limited edition Mean Green Machine was released at the same time as this upgrade, being a Microwave with a new "Nextel" rubberized finish in a green color, a certificate of authenticity, special cone-shaped metal feet, and comical silkscreening (the power switch was labeled Life, and the card slot was labeled Food.) Normal Microwave units from then on featured the Nextel finish in the usual blue color.

1995

 * Gekko Chords and Gekko Trigger: Very compact passive powered MIDI tools
 * Hohner Adam
 * Pulse: Monophonic analog rack synth

1997

 * Gekko Arpeggiator. Very compact passive powered Midi tool
 * Microwave II. Motorola DSP driven wavetable rack synth, containing many features of the original Microwave with improved mixing, modulation, effects processing, and multimode filter.
 * Pulse+. Monophonic analog rack synth with additional audio in and MIDI / CV/gate interface

1998

 * x-pole. Programmable stereo (in/out) analog filter in a 2HE rack module. With full MIDI, CV/Gate and ACM support.
 * Microwave XT. Microwave II with 44 knobs and audio input, in 5HE package with bright orange color.
 * Microwave XT Limited Edition. Microwave XT in charcoal gray/black color scheme, in a limited edition run of 666 units.
 * d-pole. VST filter plug-in
 * Terratec Microwave PC. Synth module for the TerraTec EWS sound cards, featuring a fully functional Microwave II in a drivebay package.
 * Wavetable Oscillator for Creamware Modular

1999

 * Q. DSP driven virtual analog synth. 58 knobs! Colours: bright yellow "sahara" and WAVE blue, the latter became popularly known as the Halloween edition.
 * XTk. The Microwave XT with a 49 key keyboard
 * Q rack. Rack version of the Q synth. Fewer knobs. Yellow and dark blue.

2000

 * PPG 2.V VST plug-in synthesizer to emulate the blue PPG. wave 2.x wavetable synthesizers
 * microQ. Even more compact and affordable Q rack with only 7 knobs and different DSP. Differences: 25 potential voices compared to the original models, due to shared operation and effects chip. A 75 voice expansion is available. The upgrade must be done by Waldorf or licensed repair center. Typical usage depended upon complexity of patches, unlike the Q or Q Rack which feature 16 note polyphony, upgradable to 32 voices. The microQ did not include the step sequencer.

2001

 * Attack. VST drum-synth plug-in
 * Color of the Q, Q rack & mQ changed to the classic (Microwave) blue
 * microQ keyboard. 3 octave keyboard version of the mQ. Classic blue coloured

2002

 * D-coder. A synth and vocoder Plug-In for the TC Powercore hardware platform
 * RackAttack. The VST in a microQ housing
 * Q+ A red Q featuring up to 100 dynamically allocated voices and 16 analog lowpass filters
 * A1 VSTi software synth for Steinberg Cubase SX and Nuendo
 * Waldorf Filter for Halion

2003

 * AFB-16. 16 analog filters to be used via USB for VST instrument and effects.

2004

 * On 5 February Waldorf Music AG declared insolvency at a German court.

2006

 * In April 2006 Waldorf Music GmbH formed. Even though during August of that same year the website experienced intermittent availability resulting in multiple pronouncements of its demise, in November the Waldorf user mailing list/forum was resurrected.

2007

 * Blofeld (released December 2007), an affordable desktop module combining the sound engines of the Q and the Microwave. Blofeld is still being manufactured today (as of 2022).
 * At the start of 2007, Waldorf announces their new line of synths and electric pianos. These include special editions of their famed Q, Q+ and Micro Q line relabled as the Phoenix Edition and the introduction of Blofeld. Also, a design study called Stromberg is shown, but this never went into production.

2009

 * Blofeld Keyboard (released January 2009) - The Blofeld Keyboard is a Blofeld housed in a compact metal case and features a four-octave semi-weighted keyboard and 60 MB sample memory in addition to the Blofeld module.
 * License SL - Blofeld License SL Sample Upgrade, is a software license that expands the Waldorf Blofeld desktop module with 60 MB sample memory
 * Largo - a software synthesizer that works as a VST and AudioUnit instrument.

2010

 * PPG Wave 3.V (released December 2010) - a software version of the PPG Wave keyboards that works as a VST and AudioUnit instrument.

2011

 * Lector - a software vocoder that works as a VST and AudioUnit plugin.

2012

 * Zarenbourg - an electric piano based on physical modelling and samples

2013

 * Rocket - a paraphonic hybrid synthesizer.
 * Nave - a wavetable synthesizer for the iPad.
 * Pulse 2 - a paraphonic analog synthesizer.

2014

 * 2-Pole - an analog filter.
 * Streichfett - a string synthesizer.

2015

 * nw1 Eurorack Wavetable Oscillator - a digital Wavetable oscillator designed to be used in the Eurorack modular system.

2016

 * kb37 Eurorack - a eurorack based modular synthesis system that contains a 37 key keyboard with a mounting surface for modules up to 107 hp.
 * mod1 - a eurorack based analog synthesis module that offers three types of modulation parameters.
 * dvca1 - a eurorack based analog dual VCA circuit with input summing and parallel control of separate parameters.
 * cmp1 - a eurorack based analog compressor module that offers both RMS and peak modes of operation.

2017

 * vcf1 - a eurorack based analog multimode filter module with distortion.

2018

 * Quantum - Waldorf's flagship analog/digital hybrid synthesizer.

2019

 * STVC, the keyboard version of the Streichfett with added vocoder and additional tweaking parameters. Released in Summer 2019 in small numbers, followed by a general release in 2020.
 * Kyra - the world's first fully FPGA-powered synthesizer with 128 voices

2020

 * Iridium - Digital 16-voice Dual Timbral Polyphonic Synthesizer Module with 3 Stereo Digital Oscillators, Dual Filter, 6 LFOs, 6 Envelopes, and Modulation Matrix.

2021

 * M - Hybrid 8-voice Polyphonic Synthesizer Module with 2 Digital Wavetable Oscillators recreating the Microwave sound character, analog SSI Filter, 2 LFOs, 4 Envelopes, Userwavetable Import and SD-Card mass storage.

2022

 * Iridium Keyboard - a variant of Iridium housed in a case with a 49-key Fatar TP/8SK semi-weighted polyphonic aftertouch pressure-providing keyboard. The layout of physical controls is similar to the module version of Iridium, with more space between knobs and buttons, additional dedicated controls for envelopes, LFOs, FX, and layer selection, as well as six Macro buttons.

2023

 * Quantum MK2 - a new version of the Quantum MK1 with some new features (for example a poly aftertouch capable keyboard)

Distributed products

 * Emes Studio Monitors

Developed for Steinberg

 * SMP 24 (for Atari ST)
 * SMP II (for Atari ST)
 * Midex+ (for Atari ST)
 * Topaz (Harddisk recording, Mr. Wolfgang Palm was involved too)

Notable users of Waldorf gear

 * Jean-Michel Jarre
 * Vangelis
 * Hans Zimmer
 * Enya
 * A-ha
 * Depeche Mode
 * The Orb
 * Nine Inch Nails
 * Björk
 * Albert Patron
 * Stafford Bawler

title: Waldorf Music


text:
Dumfries Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)

Dumfries Burghs was a district of burghs constituency of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 1918. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP).

Creation
The British parliamentary constituency was created in 1708 following the Acts of Union, 1707 and replaced the former Parliament of Scotland burgh constituencies of Dumfries, Annan,  Kirkcudbright Burgh, Lochmaben and Sanquhar.

Boundaries
The constituency comprised the Dumfriesshire burghs of Dumfries, Annan, Lochmaben and Sanquhar and the Kirkcudbrightshire burgh of Kirkcudbright.

History
The constituency elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system until the seat was abolished for the 1918 general election. Dumfries, Annan, Lochmaben and Sanquar were then merged into the county constituency of Dumfriesshire. Kirkcudbright was merged into Galloway.

Elections in the 1890s
Reid is appointed Solicitor General for Scotland, requiring a by-election.

Elections in the 1910s
General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
 * Liberal: John Gulland
 * Unionist: Sir Archibald Mclnnes Shaw|Archibald Mclnnes Shaw

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Neal Broten

Neal LaMoy Broten (born November 29, 1959) is an American former professional ice hockey player. A member of the 1980 US Olympic hockey team that won the gold medal at Lake Placid in 1980, Broten was inducted into the US Hockey Hall of Fame in 2000 having appeared in 1,099 National Hockey League (NHL) regular season games from 1981 to 1997 with the Minnesota North Stars, Dallas Stars, New Jersey Devils and Los Angeles Kings. He is the older brother of Aaron and Paul Broten.

Early career
Broten, like his two brothers, attended Roseau High School, a perennial hockey contender in the state of Minnesota, where he appeared with the Rams in the state tournament in three consecutive years (1977–79). His 1978 achievement of four assists in a single period still stands as a Roseau Rams' record today.

As a college freshman playing for Herb Brooks and the Minnesota Golden Gophers, Broten scored 21 goals, had 50 assists, and was named WCHA Rookie of the Year His final goal of that season was the game winner that clinched the 1979 NCAA Championship in which the Gophers defeated the University of North Dakota by a score of 4–3. Broten would later win the inaugural Hobey Baker award in 1981, which honors the US collegiate hockey's best player.

Broten is one of two players, along with Ed Belfour, to have played on teams that won the NCAA hockey championship (University of Minnesota in 1979), the Olympic Gold Medal (Team USA, 1980), and the Stanley Cup (New Jersey Devils, 1995). He is the only player to have won the Hobey Baker, the Olympic Gold Medal and the Stanley Cup. He is one of only two American players, along with Ken Morrow, to have won both the Olympic gold and the Stanley Cup.

NHL/International career
Broten was a member of the United States Olympic team that won a gold medal at the 1980 Winter Olympics in an event known as the Miracle on Ice. He was also a member of Team USA at the 1981 Canada Cup and 1984 Canada Cup tournaments as well as the 1990 Ice Hockey World Championship.

Broten played 17 seasons in the National Hockey League. Highlights of his long NHL career include the first American to score more than 100 points in a single season (1985–86) as well as two NHL All-Star Game appearances in 1983 and 1986.

He won a Stanley Cup with the New Jersey Devils in 1995, scoring the game-winning goal in Game Four against the Detroit Red Wings to clinch the title. Coincidentally, his 1980 Soviet counterpart Viacheslav Fetisov was on the ice for the heavily favored Red Wings when Broten scored the clincher. Broten became the first American to score a Cup-winning goal. Fellow Americans Brett Hull, Mike Rupp, Patrick Kane, and Alec Martinez have done it since.

Broten served as the captain of the Dallas Stars for two months during the lockout-shortened 1994–95 NHL season after the trade of previous captain Mark Tinordi. He was traded to New Jersey before the end of the season. He had previously served as an alternate captain on a number of occasions.

During the 1982–83 NHL season, Broten participated in a rare fight against Wayne Gretzky. It was one of only a handful of fights during both his and Gretzky's careers. Broten later recalled how he and his teammates would later have to deal with Gretzky's enforcers, Marty McSorley and Dave Semenko.

Broten initially refused to play for the North Stars in 1991–92 due to a contract dispute, instead playing in Germany for BSC Preussen Berlin where he filled in for his former U.S. Olympic teammate Dave Silk who was on temporary leave in the U.S. with his pregnant wife.

Post career
Broten briefly came out of retirement in 1999 to once again play for the US national team in the 1999 Ice Hockey World Championship qualifying tournament (the U.S. team featuring several NHL players had surprisingly finished among the bottom four in the previous 1998 world championship tournament) when no active NHL players were available. He scored six points in three games as the U.S. won the tournament, before retiring from hockey for good. He lives in River Falls, WI. In 2014, Broten's nephew, Shane Gersich, was drafted by the Washington Capitals.

In popular culture
Broten is not featured in the 1981 TV movie about the 1980 U.S. hockey team called Miracle on Ice except in archival footage of the gold medal ceremony.

In the 2004 Disney movie Miracle, he is portrayed by Trevor Alto. Alto played college hockey for the University of British Columbia Thunderbirds.

In the 2008 documentary, Pond Hockey, he reflects on his youth growing up playing hockey in his hometown of Roseau, MN.

Awards and honors

 * NCAA Championship - Minnesota Golden Gophers (1979)
 * WCHA Rookie of the Year (1979)
 * Gold Medal XIII Olympic Winter Games, Lake Placid (1980)
 * Hobey Baker Memorial Award (1981)
 * NHL All Star (1983, 1986)
 * Stanley Cup champion - New Jersey Devils (1995)
 * Lester Patrick Trophy (1998)
 * US Hockey Hall of Fame (2000)
 * Broten's jersey number (7) was retired by the Dallas Stars (February 7, 1998).
 * Voted by Minnesota Wild fans as the greatest hockey player ever from Minnesota (2009).

Transactions
 * Drafted: Minnesota North Stars, 2nd Round (42 overall), 1979 NHL Entry Draft. Pick was obtained by the North Stars in a draft-day trade that sent Dave Semenko from the North Stars to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for 2nd and 3rd round draft picks.
 * Traded to the New Jersey Devils for Corey Millen, 2/27/95
 * Traded from New Jersey Devils to Los Angeles Kings for future considerations, 11/22/96
 * Claimed on waivers by Dallas from Los Angeles, 1/28/97

title: Neal Broten


text:
Talk:Mike York

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title: Talk:Mike York


text: Category:Bulgarian cheeses

title: Category:Bulgarian cheeses


text:
Random walk hypothesis

The random walk hypothesis is a financial theory stating that stock market prices evolve according to a random walk (so price changes are random) and thus cannot be predicted.

History
The concept can be traced to French broker Jules Regnault who published a book in 1863, and then to French mathematician Louis Bachelier whose Ph.D. dissertation titled "The Theory of Speculation" (1900) included some remarkable insights and commentary. The same ideas were later developed by MIT Sloan School of Management professor Paul Cootner in his 1964 book The Random Character of Stock Market Prices. The term was popularized by the 1973 book A Random Walk Down Wall Street by Burton Malkiel, a professor of economics at Princeton University, and was used earlier in Eugene Fama's 1965 article "Random Walks In Stock Market Prices", which was a less technical version of his Ph.D. thesis. The theory that stock prices move randomly was earlier proposed by Maurice Kendall in his 1953 paper, The Analysis of Economic Time Series, Part 1: Prices. In 1993 in the Journal of Econometrics, K. Victor Chow and Karen C. Denning published a statistical tool (known as the Chow–Denning test) for checking whether a market follows the random walk hypothesis.

Testing the hypothesis

Whether financial data are a random walk is a venerable and challenging question. One of two possible results are obtained, data are random walk or the data are not. To investigate whether observed data follow a random walk, some methods or approaches have been proposed, for example, the variance ratio (VR) tests, the Hurst exponent and surrogate data testing.

Burton G. Malkiel, an economics professor at Princeton University and author of A Random Walk Down Wall Street, performed a test where his students were given a hypothetical stock that was initially worth fifty dollars. The closing stock price for each day was determined by a coin flip. If the result was heads, the price would close a half point higher, but if the result was tails, it would close a half point lower. Thus, each time, the price had a fifty-fifty chance of closing higher or lower than the previous day. Cycles or trends were determined from the tests. Malkiel then took the results in chart and graph form to a chartist, a person who "seeks to predict future movements by seeking to interpret past patterns on the assumption that 'history tends to repeat itself'." The chartist told Malkiel that they needed to immediately buy the stock. Since the coin flips were random, the fictitious stock had no overall trend. Malkiel argued that this indicates that the market and stocks could be just as random as flipping a coin.

Asset pricing with a random walk
Modelling asset prices with a random walk takes the form:

$$S_{t+1}=S_{t}+\mu\Delta{t}S_{t}+\sigma\sqrt{\Delta{t}}S_{t}Y_{i}$$

where

$$\mu$$ is a drift constant

$$\sigma$$ is the standard deviation of the returns

$$\Delta{t}$$ is the change in time

$$Y_i$$ is an i.i.d. random variable satisfying $$Y_i\sim N(0,1)$$.

A non-random walk hypothesis
There are other economists, professors, and investors who believe that the market is predictable to some degree. These people believe that prices may move in trends and that the study of past prices can be used to forecast future price direction. There have been some economic studies that support this view, and a book has been written by two professors of economics that tries to prove the random walk hypothesis wrong.

Martin Weber, a leading researcher in behavioural finance, has performed many tests and studies on finding trends in the stock market. In one of his key studies, he observed the stock market for ten years. Throughout that period, he looked at the market prices for noticeable trends and found that stocks with high price increases in the first five years tended to become under-performers in the following five years. Weber and other believers in the non-random walk hypothesis cite this as a key contributor and contradictor to the random walk hypothesis.

Another test that Weber ran that contradicts the random walk hypothesis, was finding stocks that have had an upward revision for earnings outperform other stocks in the following six months. With this knowledge, investors can have an edge in predicting what stocks to pull out of the market and which stocks — the stocks with the upward revision — to leave in. Martin Weber’s studies detract from the random walk hypothesis, because according to Weber, there are trends and other tips to predicting the stock market.

Professors Andrew W. Lo and Archie Craig MacKinlay, professors of Finance at the MIT Sloan School of Management and the University of Pennsylvania, respectively, have also presented evidence that they believe shows the random walk hypothesis to be wrong. Their book A Non-Random Walk Down Wall Street, presents a number of tests and studies that reportedly support the view that there are trends in the stock market and that the stock market is somewhat predictable.

One element of their evidence is the simple volatility-based specification test, which has a null hypothesis that states:

 * $$X_t = \mu + X_{t-1} + \epsilon_t\,$$

where

 * $$X_t$$ is the log of the price of the asset at time $$t$$

 * $$\mu$$ is a drift constant

 * $$\epsilon_t$$ is a random disturbance term where $$\mathbb{E}[\epsilon_t]=0$$ and $$\mathbb{E}[\epsilon_t \epsilon_\tau]=0$$ for $$\tau \neq t$$ (this implies that $$\tau$$ and $$t$$ are independent since $$\mathbb{E}[\epsilon_t \epsilon_\tau]=\mathbb{E}[\epsilon_t] \mathbb{E}[\epsilon_{\tau}]$$).

To refute the hypothesis, they compare the variance of $$(X_t-X_{t+\tau})$$ for different $$\tau$$ and compare the results to what would be expected for uncorrelated $$\epsilon_t$$. Lo and MacKinlay have authored a paper, the adaptive market hypothesis, which puts forth another way of looking at the predictability of price changes.

Peter Lynch, a mutual fund manager at Fidelity Investments, has argued that the random walk hypothesis is contradictory to the efficient market hypothesis -- though both concepts are widely taught in business schools without seeming awareness of a contradiction. If asset prices are rational and based on all available data as the efficient market hypothesis proposes, then fluctuations in asset price are not random. But if the random walk hypothesis is valid then asset prices are not rational as the efficient market hypothesis proposes.

title: Random walk hypothesis


text:
Talk:Mike Grier

Chris Simon Incident
The 1997 Chris Simon racial slur incident needs to be mentioned in this article. Rpgman456 15:00, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Both this article and the Chris Simon entry cite an ESPN article (https://www.espn.com/nhl/news/story?id=2792516) as a source, and mention that Simon hit Grier with his stick. However, the source article mentions two separate altercations, one where Simon allegedly used a racial slur against Grier, and one in which Simon struck Ryan Hollweg in the face with his stick. I can find no sources or footage that support Simon having hit Grier with his stick. I've edited the article to reflect this. -Starfish, 21 March 2024

Famous Uncle
Why is there no mention of Mike's famous Uncle. In the Rosey Grier entry is says:

"One of twelve children, Grier was named after Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who was governor of New York at the time and was elected president later that year.[2] He is also cousin of actress Pam Grier and uncle of National Hockey League player Mike Grier."

Rosey has watched his nephew play hockey - I remember it being noted that he was at one of the games - so it is not like they don't know each other. 24.77.84.175 (talk) 23:17, 12 June 2010 (UTC)

What a stud
How can you not like how this dude plays? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.60.196.211 (talk) 19:03, May 5, 2007
 * Well Grier was a class act his whole career. He was a credit to the U.S. hockey development system for his toughness, perseverance, skill and sportsmanship. It would've been nice to see him get a Stanley Cup ring in 2006 with the Sabres as they marched through the playoffs, but the damn Hurricanes got in the way.Ice is Nice14 (talk) 00:22, 24 October 2013 (UTC)

Li'l POV problems
"...expressed the excitement he had to play for such a classy organization.." LOL. Nice, neutral statement. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.192.242.156 (talk) 00:24, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 15:55, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Non-encyclopedic comments
"In the beginning there was Grier...and on the first day, Grier created the penalty kill, and it was good. On the second day, Grier created the short handed chance. It skittered harmlessly into the corner like a rolling egg, but it was still good."

On August 10, 2009, Grier signed with the Buffalo Sabres thus three years later marking his resurrection. To many theologians of Sabres fandom, Grier unequivocally answers the question, "Is there a god?" Yes. He is a black man from Michigan who likes long walks on the beach and killing penalties. Next question please. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.148.241.222 (talk) 04:45, 16 April 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mike Grier


text:
Talk:Heracleum mantegazzianum

Heracleum sosnowskyi
What's the difference between this one and Heracleum sosnowskyi? The latter is very common in Central Russia, it was used for feeding cows, but spread everywhere. It's almost as big and causes nasty burns when touched.  Grue  15:52, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * And there is a third (sub?)species with the same size and properties: Heracleum persicum. I have Googled a bit, but their relationship isn't clear to me. Rp (talk) 10:00, 3 October 2011 (UTC)
 * USDA GRIN is a good source for a summary of the taxonomy of agriculturally important plants. It is a work in progress, with staff maintaining it. It considers these three to be separate species. As to how to identify the different plants, GRIN lists references on the page for a particular species that you might be able to obtain, hopefully. I would advise trying to get the most up-to-date reference for the geographic area involved: sometimes when a plant is introduced in a different place, identification characteristics of that new population aren't general enough to cover all the variation in its native range. As well as the references that GRIN cites, if you can find a reference guidebook to weeds of a particular area, it might have the clearest descriptions. Nadiatalent (talk) 12:58, 3 October 2011 (UTC)
 * For the distinction between mantegazzianum, sosnowskyi and persicum, see also https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2009.02313.x

where abouts in peterborough was the photo of the warning sign taken? - It was taken in a small woodland at the back of Orton Hall Hotel in Orton Longueville, PE2 193.117.31.1 (talk) 17:18, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

The reference URL at the end of the article needs a username and password. Dillthedog (talk) 09:10, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

From where originally?
The article says that Giant Hogweed was introduced to Britain, France and USA. From where was it brought? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.239.233.242 (talk) 11:24, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

Toxic compounds - antidote
Web searches indicate that the toxic components of this plant involve furocoumarins / psoralens. Could someone smart look into this and add clear mention of this in the article as well as any antidote for them? I don't know what reference is best for this information. One of the web search results indicates that UV A is what activates the toxins. This should also be mentioned. Oldspammer (talk) 05:08, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

... overtaking the native species
Yes, it spreads in the wild, and thrives mainly in the city and on wind-sheltered locations; it certainly doesn't replace the common hogweed, which is very common in grassy roadsides. Rp (talk) 17:12, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
 * The reference to overtaking native species is to species that occupy the same habitat as Heracleum mantegazzianum. While it doesn't replace Heracleum sphondylium over the latter's whole ecological range, it may well be a more severe competitor to other species. I haven't seen much of it in the wild, but Pulicaria dysenterica or Angelica sylvestris might be among the species at risk, Lavateraguy (talk) 11:15, 6 October 2011 (UTC)

Wild parsnip or rhubarb?
Yes, they are mentioned as other common names for this plant in citation 2.

But they are clearly mistakes: both wild parsnip and wild rhubarb are quite easy to distinguish from Heracleum. Do any botanists use these names for this plant? If not I think they should be removed from this article. Rp (talk) 16:03, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

Yes Rp I wondered about this too. I'm no botanist but I cannot see how Giant Hogweed is related to rhubarb. This is a most misleading misnomer. I asked someone what Giant Hogweed was and they called it "Wild Rhubarb" and pointed to a plant I know as Gunnera, which superficially looks like big rhubarb. Where I live Gunnera is called "Wild Rhubarb" yet it is not Giant Hogweed. The nomenclature needs tidied up and unified. I cut down a plant in my garden and was sprayed with sap which developed into photo-phytodermatitis and its a long lasting condition that I could have avoided if I'd known what I was dealing with. Could a botanist clear up the confusion in the names as it leads to mis-identification. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.26.99.127 (talk) 22:03, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Am I the only one who does not understand benefits in honey vs. highly toxic sap?
It is explained in detail that the sap is extremely detrimental to human health, causing severe problems, and at the same time purportedly it is still very much appreciated by beekepers in France?

Does that mean that the compound that permeates the whole plant (sap) and is toxic in small quantities is somehow completely absent from the flower? And if so, how is that possible? Or do the bees decompose the chemical during the honey production? Then it should be explained. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.41.252.228 (talk) 17:18, 18 April 2014 (UTC)
 * The plant is edible. Its toxicity is phototoxicity, it refers to its effect on the human skin. Rp (talk) 21:45, 2 September 2019 (UTC)

How to eliminate?
Strange, that there is nothing about that in the article. Such a dangerous plant should be eliminated. Children may play with it. I heard, that simple cutting gives adverse effect. --Hans Eo (talk) 13:21, 21 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Even stranger that many other phototoxic plants, such as parsnip, are allowed to roam freely, while this species is singled out for extermination. Rp (talk) 21:47, 2 September 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
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Heracleum sibiricum
(This question is targeted at @Velella but any input will be appreciated.)

Regarding the revision made at 23:22 on 11 September 2018, is it Heracleum sphondylium subsp sibiricum or Heracleum sibiricum? How do you know?

Thanks. Tom Scavo (talk) 22:58, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

 * I have only just seen this - the ping didn't work for some reason. My source was The New Flora of the British Isles (2nd edition) Clive Stace, p515-516. ISBN 0 521 58935 5. Regards  Velella  Velella Talk 10:04, 16 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Okay, thanks. Although I have evidence in support of Heracleum sibiricum, I can't say that evidence is authoritative, so I won't further introduce the term Heracleum sibiricum until someone puts a stake in the ground by creating page Heracleum sibiricum. In the meantime, I will remove the vacuous reference to Heracleum sibiricum on the Heracleum parent page (which I introduced on 3 September 2018) and any other reference I can find. Tom Scavo (talk) 12:27, 17 September 2018 (UTC)

 * For the record, Heracleum sphondylium subsp sibiricum is an accepted name but Heracleum sibiricum is not. Tom Scavo (talk) 18:33, 20 September 2018 (UTC)

Dutch entry
The latin name of this plant is not linked to the Dutch name: Reuzenberenklauw. So when you want to read about this plant in Dutch (Nederlands) you won’t find the Dutch page on the list of languages. BENL-SK (talk) 08:21, 14 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Works now. Rp (talk) 22:34, 11 December 2020 (UTC)

Distribution in Eastern Europe and Russia?
The article now states that the plant is widespread in Eastern Europe (and Russia), referring to a source that only has this to say about it:

"Buttenschøn and Nielsen (2007) commented that H. mantegazzianum has been widely grown as a forage plant in eastern Europe in the past."

This may well be, but the same source and other sources make the same claim about H. sosnowskyi, not H. mantegazianum, so it would be nice to have confirmation from a more local source so as to rule out the possibility of confusion. Rp (talk) 22:32, 11 December 2020 (UTC)

Similar species section
I'm not very happy with this section. It seems arbitrary.

Similarity is in the eye of the beholder. Who would ever confuse a wild parsnip with a giant hogweed? It is much smaller, has completely different leaves, and yellow flowers 1/10 or 1/20 the size of a giant hogweed wheel.

Besides, its purpose isn't clear. Wikipedia isn't a field guide. It may be better to strike this altogether, or only leave the table. Rp (talk) 23:10, 11 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Heracleum mantegazzianum


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Armegh

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete under criteria of pages created as a result of a typo.

Armegh
Believe this "placename" to be a fabrication and vandalism Djegan 15:52, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Typo for Armagh. David | Talk 15:57, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Armegh


text:
Talk:Sean Brown (ice hockey)

Untitled
Sean Brown's (the hockey player) nickname is Browny. All of his teammates call him that. I should know. I lived with the guy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.38.188.27 (talk) 06:02, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sean Brown (ice hockey)


text:
Dismal Euphony

Dismal Euphony was a metal band from Norway that mixed styles including gothic metal, melodic metal, black metal and classical music.

History
The history of Dismal Euphony began in 1992 in Stavanger, Norway by bassist Ole K. Helgesen and drummer Kristoffer Vold Austrheim under the name The Headless Children, a cover band of Slayer and Kreator. A year later singer Erik Borgen and guitarist Kenneth Bergsagel joined the group.

They changed the name to Carnal Tomb, then Borgen left the band and Helgesen became the singer/bassist with the female voice of Linn Achre Tveit (Keltziva). Elin Overskott joined the band as a keyboard player.

This was the first line-up of Dismal Euphony, officially formed in 1995. In the same year, the group composed the demo Spellbound. After this publication, they were signed by Napalm Records. Here they produced other albums like Soria Moria slott, Autumn Leaves: The Rebellion of Tides and the Lady Ablaze EP (which already features Anja Natasha as female singer).

Later, Dismal Euphony joined Nuclear Blast and released All Little Devils, with the new female singer Anja Natasha.

Their last album is Python Zero. After this release the band split up.

Last known line-up

 * Ole Helgesen – bass, vocals
 * Kristoffer Vold (a.k.a. Kristoffer Austrheim) – drums; also occasional guitars, bass and electronics
 * Frode Clausen – guitars
 * Svenn-Aksel Henriksen – keyboards
 * Anja Natasha – vocals

Former members

 * Dag Achre Tveit – bass
 * Kenneth Bergsagel – guitars
 * Elin Overskott – keyboards (1994–1998)
 * Erik Borgen – vocals (1994)
 * Linn Achre Tveit – vocals (1994–1998)

Discography

 * Spellbound (demo, 1995)
 * Dismal Euphony (EP, 1996)
 * Soria Moria slott (1996)
 * Autumn Leaves: The Rebellion of Tides (1997)
 * All Little Devils (1999)
 * Lady Ablaze (EP, 2000)
 * Lady Ablaze (video/VHS, 2000)
 * Python Zero (2001)

title: Dismal Euphony


text:
Mary Lefkowitz

Mary R. Lefkowitz (born April 30, 1935) is an American scholar of Classics. She is the Professor Emerita of Classical Studies at Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts, where she previously worked from 1959 to 2005. She has published ten books over the course of her career.

Lefkowitz studied at Wellesley College before obtaining a Ph.D. in Classical Philology from Radcliffe College in 1961. During the 1980s much of her research focused on the place of women in the Classical world. She attracted broader attention for her 1996 book Not Out of Africa, a criticism of Afrocentric claims that ancient Greek civilization derived largely from that of ancient Egypt. She argued that such claims owed more to an American black nationalist political agenda than historical evidence. That decade, she also entered into a publicised argument with Africana studies scholar Tony Martin.

She served on the advisory board of the conservative advocacy group the National Association of Scholars.

Biography
Lefkowitz was born to a Jewish family in New York City in 1935. She earned her B.A. from Wellesley College in 1957, Phi Beta Kappa with honors in Greek, and received her Ph.D. in Classical Philology from Radcliffe College (now part of Harvard University) in 1961. She returned to Wellesley College in 1959 as an instructor in Greek. In 1979 she was named Andrew W. Mellon Professor of the Humanities, a position she held until her retirement in 2005. Lefkowitz holds an honorary degree from Trinity College (1996), which cited her "deep concern for intellectual integrity," and also from the University of Patras (1999) and from Grinnell College (2000). In 2004 she received a Radcliffe Graduate Society Medal. In 2006 she was awarded a National Humanities Medal "for outstanding excellence in scholarship and teaching." In 2008 she was the recipient of a Wellesley College Alumnae Achievement Award.

Lefkowitz has published on subjects including mythology, women in antiquity, Pindar, and fiction in ancient biography. She came to the attention of a wider audience through her criticism of the claims of Martin Bernal in Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization in her book Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth As History. In Black Athena Revisited (1996), which she edited with Guy MacLean Rogers, her colleague at Wellesley College, the ideas of Martin Bernal are further scrutinized.

Anti-Afrocentrism
The pinnacle of Mary Lefkowitz’s controversy surrounding Afrocentrism in the classics took form in her years-long scholarly debate with Martin Bernal. Bernal is the author of Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, a work that argues the deep influence of Egyptian (and therefore African) influence on Greek culture, language, and society. The claims that Martin Bernal argues in his text alarmed Lefkowitz to such an extreme that she wrote two extensive publications. The first, Black Athena: Revisited, is a collection of essays edited by Lefkowitz that responds directly to Bernal’s work with strong criticism. The second, Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth As History, is a text devoted to Lefkowitz’s anti-Afrocentrism argument, tying in her arguments against Bernal. The aforementioned work ignited what then became a continued back-and-forth between Lefkowitz and Bernal. Bernal wrote a response to Not Out Of Africa in which he attacked the legitimacy of Lefkowitz’s argument. He argued that Lefkowitz “discover(s) what she wants and then fail(s) to check further”, and that her work is “sloppy” and clearly “written in a hurry”. He attacked her argument, and character, by discussing her view of history as being what he calls the “Aryan Model” of history, in this way associating her argument with a word associated with Nazism and White Supremacy. This response was quickly followed up by Lefkowitz with her own response: Lefkowitz on Bernal on Lefkowitz, Not Out of Africa. In this, she took a fiery tone against Bernal, referring to him as B (a standard practice in academic book reviews), and defended her own claims while again working to refute Black Athena’s arguments.

This written debate culminated in a live debate when Lefkowitz and Guy MacLean Rogers joined in a discussion with Bernal, along with the Afrocentric scholar John Henrik Clarke. Much like the paper responses, this debate was heated, with interruptions and intense disagreements.

The controversy continued when Lefkowitz’s Black Athena Revisited was reviewed by Molefi Kete Asante. Asante criticizes Lefkowitz for her inability to believe that ancient Africans influenced Greek culture and emphasizes how although classical historians are quick to deny racism, racism is a huge part of their argument. Asante unveils what he believes is the true argument that these historians, Lefkowitz included, seek to make: “Their contention, in the face of evidence, is that it is improbable and even impossible that a black civilization could have any significant impact on a white civilization.” Asante emphasizes these arguments' connection to a history of colonialism and white supremacy, concluding that Black Athena: Revisited is a “helpful book for African scholars who are able to see in this volume all the agency that whites give to themselves and what they take away from Africans.”

In 2008, Lefkowitz published History Lesson, which The Wall Street Journal described as a "personal account of what she experienced as a result of questioning the veracity of Afrocentrism and the motives of its advocates." She was attacked in newsletters from the Wellesley Africana Studies Department by her colleague Tony Martin. which turned into a rancorous, personal conflict with anti-Semitic elements. Martin stated in May 1994 at Cornell University that "Black people should interpret their own reality...Jews have been in the forefront of efforts to thwart the interpretation of our own history." In another incident described in her book, Yosef A. A. Ben-Jochannan, the author of Africa: The Mother of Western Civilization, gave the Martin Luther King lecture at Wellesley in 1993. Lefkowitz attended this lecture with her husband, Sir Hugh Lloyd-Jones. In that lecture, Ben-Jochannan stated that Aristotle stole his philosophy from the Library of Alexandria, Egypt. During the question and answer session following the lecture, Lefkowitz asked Ben-Jochannan, "How would that have been possible, when the library was not built until after his death?" Ben-Jochannan simply replied that the dates were uncertain. Sir Hugh responded, "Rubbish!" Lefkowitz writes that Ben-Jochannan proceeded to tell those present that "they could and should believe what black instructors told them" and "that although they might think that Jews were all 'hook-nosed and sallow faced,' there were other Jews who looked like himself."

Personal life
Lefkowitz was married to Sir Hugh Lloyd-Jones, Regius Professor Emeritus of Greek at Oxford University from 1982 until his death in 2009.

Books

 * The Victory Ode : An Introduction (1976), ISBN 0-8155-5045-6 ISBN 978-0815550457
 * Heroines and Hysterics (1981), ISBN 0-7156-1518-1 ISBN 978-0715615188
 * The Lives of the Greek Poets (1981), ISBN 0-8018-2748-5 ISBN 978-0801827488
 * Women's Life in Greece and Rome (1982), editor, with Maureen Fant, ISBN 0-8018-8310-5 ISBN 978-0801883101
 * Women in Greek Myth (1986), ISBN 0-8018-8649-X ISBN 978-0801886492
 * First-person Fictions : Pindar's Poetic "I" (1991), ISBN 0-19-814686-8 ISBN 978-0198146865
 * Black Athena Revisited (1996), ISBN 0-8078-4555-8 ISBN 978-0807845554
 * Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth As History (1997), ISBN 0-465-09838-X ISBN 978-0465098385
 * Greek Gods, Human Lives: What We Can Learn From Myths (2003), ISBN 0-300-10769-2 ISBN 978-0300107692
 * History Lesson (2008), ISBN 0-300-12659-X ISBN 978-0300126594
 * Lefkowitz, Mary R. “The Powers Of The Primeval Goddesses.” The American Scholar, 1989, pp. 586–591. (1989)
 * Lefkowitz, Mary R. “The Origins Of Greek Civilization: An Afrocentric Theory.” The Gail A. Burnett Lectures In Classics, 14 Apr. 1997. (1997)

title: Mary Lefkowitz


text:
RWH

RWH may refer to:
 * Rainwater harvesting
 * Random walk hypothesis
 * Red wine headache a bad headache that occurs in many people after drinking even a single glass of red wine
 * Revolutionary Workers Headquarters, a U.S. Marxist-Leninist organization that formed out of a split from the Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP) in 1977
 * Ridley–Watkins–Hilsum theory
 * Real World Haskell, a book about the Haskell programming language

title: RWH


text: User talk:12.149.111.4

title: User talk:12.149.111.4


text:
File:Ruts - The Crack CD album cover.jpg

Summary
The Ruts - The Crack. Original UK CD album cover

Licensing
Original UK release album cover - album covers are fair use. Picture scanned by me Ian Dunster from original UK CD album.


text:
The Soviettes

The Soviettes were a punk rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota, founded in 2001. The group is composed of Annie "Sparrows" Holoien (guitar), Maren "Sturgeon" Macosko (guitar), Susy Sharp (bass guitar), and Danny Henry (drums), all of whom share singing and songwriting duties.

History
Annie, originally from Fargo, North Dakota, met Sturgeon when she moved to Minneapolis in 1995. They started writing songs in 2001 and were joined by Susy shortly afterward with Lane Pederson on drums. The name originates from when Annie was serving coffee at a previous job, a customer offered "your band should be called The Soviettes" instead of a tip. The band recorded their first EP, T.C.C.P., the same year. Soon Annie asked Danny to play with them permanently.

In 2003, The Soviettes released the first LP entitled LP on Adeline Records of Oakland, California.

In 2004, the band released their second LP entitled LP II, again on Adeline Records. The band was then noticed by Fat Wreck Chords in San Francisco, California and was shortly after signed with the label. The band released the song "Paranoia! Cha-Cha-Cha" for the compilation album Rock Against Bush, Vol. 1.

On June 28, 2005, the band's third LP entitled LP III was released on Fat Wreck Chords.

The members of The Soviettes had an association with the Minnesota RollerGirls with the single "Roller Girls" about the organization with backing vocals from some of the girls.

They toured the United States extensively. Their final tour was a 50 state tour at the end of 2005 with Fat Wreck label-mates Against Me!, the Epoxies, and Smoke or Fire.

Breakup
In 2006 the band went on hiatus indefinitely. "I don't know why we broke up," said Danny Henry in 2007, "It was pretty natural. Bands are relationships, they're just more complicated because it's a four-way deal."

Since The Soviettes' hiatus, Annie and Danny have continued playing music together as the punk rock duo The Awesome Snakes and later in Green/Blue. Sturgeon played in The Gateway District with Carrie (who also played with Sturgeon in The Salteens), as well as Nate from Banner Pilot and Brad from Dear Landlord (both of whom also played in Rivethead), and later formed Partial Traces also with Brad and Nate. Annie also performs with Bermuda Squares and the God Damn Doo Wop Band, and sometimes performs with Sturgeon in Partial Traces.

In 2019, the online magazine Consequence named the Soviettes No. 93 on its list of the best 100 pop-punk bands of all time.

Reunions
The band reunited in 2010 for some shows. The first was on March 18, 2010 at Eclipse Records in St. Paul, MN. Next was March 19, 2010 at the Turf Club in St. Paul, MN. Both shows were record release shows for their Rarities album, released for free on Red Sound Records.

They also played at the Soda Bar in San Diego, CA on Sept 4th, 2010 as part of "Awesome Fest 4".

On October 29, 2010 the band played at The Atlantic in Gainesville, FL as part of "Fest 9".

The band played 2 more shows in 2010, one at the Triple Rock Social Club, Minneapolis, MN on 11/12/2010 and another at Reggie's Rock Club, Chicago, IL on 11/13/2010, the latter opening for The Methadones on their final show.

The band was scheduled to participate in "Weasel Fest", supporting Screeching Weasel at Reggie's Rock Club, Chicago, IL on 05/29/2011 but dropped off the bill following Ben Weasel's behavior at SXSW 2011. They did play at the Triple Rock Social Club in Minneapolis on 05/27/2011.

The band also played a live show at San Francisco's Bottom of the Hill Club on August 31, 2011.

Members
Current members
 * Annie Sparrows - guitar, vocals
 * Susy Sharp - bass, vocals
 * Maren "Sturgeon" Macosko - guitar, vocals
 * Danny Henry - drums, vocals

Past members
 * Lane Pederson - drums
 * Mikey "Erg" Yannich - drums, vocals

Reception

 * "The Minneapolis quartet make songs that are loud, raw and clock in at under 2 minutes. They punch you in the gut and make you feel happy for the pain." (Rod Harmon, Sarasota Herald-Tribune)
 * "Every song on LP III is under three minutes long and recalls the upbeat antics of the Ramones and, more recently, the Donnas." (Jessica Grose, SPIN)
 * "The Soviettes are an instant party, and the second they hit the stage you've received your invitation. You can't help but get caught up in their immediate infectious energy." (Jason White, Thrasher)

title: The Soviettes


text:
Cicero (typography)

A cicero is a unit of measure used in typography in Italy, France and other continental European countries, first used by Pannartz and Sweynheim in 1468 for the edition of Cicero's  Epistulae ad Familiares. The font size thus acquired the name cicero.

It is $1⁄6$ of the historical French inch, and is divided into 12 points, known in English as French points or Didot points. The unit of the cicero is similar to an English pica, although the French inch was slightly larger than the English inch. There are about 1.066 picas to a cicero; a pica is 4.23333333 mm and a cicero is 4.51165812456 mm.

Cicero (and the points derived from cicero) was used in the early days of typography in continental Europe. In modern times, all computers use pica (and the points derived from pica) as font size measurement – alongside millimeters in countries using the metric system – for line length and paper size measurement.

title: Cicero (typography)


text:
User talk:Mollsmolyneux

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Orphaned non-free media (Image:Doctor Who tins.JPG)
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BSG Tables
Yeah, it took me ages to work out how to do the tables, it wasn't too straight forward. As for the "Lay Down..." I don't believe there it a way to put that onto one line unfortunately unless you get a larger screen, lol. BSG (Season 4) page might be a bit complicated though, I will try to convert the second half of the season's table into the new format soon. I just got rid of the channel names of which the episodes were originally aired for season 2 and LDYB seems to fit a bit better now. --Myles Trundle (talk) 00:54, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Infobox Dad's Army
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MfD nomination of WikiProject Blackadder
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title: User talk:Mollsmolyneux


text:
Talk:Kultaranta

Copyvio
192.100.124.218's edits are a copy-paste from and should be reverted. I'll do it myself when I have time, in case no-one else will. Note that this article was already once deleted because it was a copyvio, probably made by the same person. --Jonik 15:57, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The article has been reverted to the previous edit. - ulayiti 19:47, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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Sanna Marin
The party where the photos were taken was not at Kultaranta, but at the Prime Minister's residence of Kesäranta in Helsinki. (https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanna_Marin) CopyNooker (talk) 11:04, 28 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kultaranta


text:
Homer at the Bat

"Homer at the Bat" is the sixteenth episode of the third season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on February 20, 1992. The episode follows the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant softball team, led by Homer, having a winning season and making the championship game. Mr. Burns makes a large bet that the team will win and brings in nine ringers from the "big leagues" to ensure his success. The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Jim Reardon. Roger Clemens, Wade Boggs, Ken Griffey Jr., Steve Sax, Ozzie Smith, Jose Canseco, Don Mattingly, Darryl Strawberry, and Mike Scioscia all guest starred as themselves, playing the ringers hired by Mr. Burns. Terry Cashman sang "Talkin' Softball", a modified version of his song "Talkin' Baseball", over the end credits. "Homer at the Bat" underwent a lengthy production, as the guest stars were recorded over several months in accordance with their availability. Most of the players were accommodating except for Canseco, who demanded that his part be rewritten.

The episode is often named among the show's best, and was the first to beat The Cosby Show in the ratings on its original airing. In 2014, showrunner Al Jean selected it as one of five essential episodes in the show's history.

Plot
Workers at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant are reluctant to join the plant's softball team due to previous unsuccessful years but eagerly do so when Homer mentions he has a secret weapon, which turns out to be his "Wonder Bat," a lucky bat he made from a fallen tree branch struck by lightning. They enjoy an undefeated season and earn a spot in the championship game against the Shelbyville Nuclear Power Plant.

Mr. Burns makes a million-dollar bet with Aristotle Amadopolis, owner of the Shelbyville plant, that his team will win. To ensure victory, Burns attempts to hire nine Major League Baseball all-stars for his team from the dead-ball era such as Honus Wagner and Mordecai Brown, but after Waylon Smithers informs him that they are all retired and dead, Burns orders him to find living players. Smithers recruits Jose Canseco, Mike Scioscia, Ozzie Smith, Don Mattingly, Steve Sax, Roger Clemens, Wade Boggs, Ken Griffey Jr., and Darryl Strawberry. Mr. Burns gives them token jobs at the plant so they can play on the team, much to the dismay of the plant's players, and hires a hypnotist to boost his team's chances of winning. Homer is distraught when his Wonder Bat is destroyed by a pitch from Clemens during practice.

Before the game, seven of the nine all-star players suffer from bizarre mishaps that leave them unable to play: Sax is arrested by the Springfield police (who blame him for every unsolved crime in New York City), Scioscia gets radiation poisoning as a result of working in the nuclear plant's unsafe conditions, Griffey develops gigantism as a side effect of being addicted to a nerve tonic Burns gave the team, Canseco gets caught up rescuing a woman's possessions from her burning house, Boggs gets knocked unconscious by Barney Gumble after the two men argue about who the greatest English prime minister was (Barney says Lord Palmerston, Boggs says Pitt the Elder), Smith disappears after visiting the Springfield Mystery Spot, and Clemens is hypnotized into acting like a chicken. Mattingly and Strawberry make it to the game, but Burns kicks Mattingly off the team for failing to shave off his non-existent sideburns. Burns is thus forced to use his team of regular employees alongside Strawberry; Homer is benched while Strawberry plays his position.

With the score tied and bases loaded with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning, Burns pinch hits Homer for Strawberry, noting that fielding a right-handed hitter against a left-handed pitcher will serve to their advantage. Distracted by Burns' strange signals, Homer is hit in the head by the first pitch, knocking him out and forcing in the winning run. The team wins the title, and Homer, still unconscious, is paraded as a hero. The episode ends with a picture of the team, including Smith (who is seen as a hovering spirit) and a visibly angry Strawberry.

Production
"Homer at the Bat" was long in production. It was written by John Swartzwelder, who is a big baseball fan, but was suggested by Sam Simon, who wanted an episode filled with real Major League Baseball players. Executive producers Al Jean and Mike Reiss doubted that they would be able to get nine players, thinking they would be able to get three at best. They succeeded, and the nine players who agreed to guest star were recorded over a period of six months, whenever they were playing the Los Angeles Dodgers or California Angels. Each player recorded their part in roughly five minutes and spent the next hour writing autographs for the staff. In several cases, the writers were unable to get the player who was their first choice. Nolan Ryan, Rickey Henderson, Ryne Sandberg, and Carlton Fisk were among the players who turned down the chance to guest star.

All the players were cooperative except for Jose Canseco, whom Al Jean considered intimidating. He disliked his original part and insisted it be rewritten, and the writers grudgingly made him as heroic as possible. He was originally slated to wake up in bed with Edna Krabappel and miss the game (in a parody of Bull Durham), but Canseco's then-wife, Esther Haddad, objected. He disliked his caricature, saying "the animation looked nothing like [him]" but said he found the acting was very easy. When asked in 2007 about his part by the San Jose Mercury News he responded, "that was 100 years ago," hung up the phone and did not answer any of the paper's subsequent calls.

Ken Griffey Jr. became frustrated while recording his line "there's a party in my mouth and everyone's invited" because he had trouble understanding it. He was directed by Mike Reiss, and his father Ken Griffey Sr. was also present, trying to coach his son. Roger Clemens, who made his own chicken noises, was directed by Jeff Martin, as was Wade Boggs. Mike Reiss directed most of the other players. Mike Scioscia accepted his guest spot in "half a second," while Ozzie Smith has said he would like to guest star again "so [he] can get out [of the Springfield Mystery spot]". Don Mattingly, who was forced to shave off his "sideburns" by Mr. Burns during the episode, would later have an actual "haircut controversy" while he was playing for the New York Yankees. The coaching staff ordered him to cut his long hair, and he was briefly dropped from the team lineup for not doing so. As the episode continued to air in syndication, some people watching believed the joke in the episode to be a reference to the incident, but "Homer at the Bat" was recorded a year before the real-life benching happened. Many of the guest stars, including Terry Cashman, Wade Boggs and Darryl Strawberry all admit they are more well known because of their appearance in the episode, especially outside the United States, Cashman having "Talkin' Softball" requested more often than "Talkin' Baseball".

One of the hardest pieces of editing was the hypnotist segment, which featured several of the guest stars speaking in unison. It was difficult because the parts were recorded over a period of several months and thus it was hard to sync their voices. Rich Moore was originally intended to direct the episode, but as he did not know anything about baseball he was switched with Jim Reardon, who was a baseball fan. Moore was given the episode "Lisa the Greek" instead. Many of the player designs were difficult, because the animators had a hard time designing real-world people during the early seasons.

Cultural references
The title is a reference to Ernest Thayer's 1888 baseball poem "Casey at the Bat". The episode makes several allusions to The Natural (1984). Homer's secret weapon, his self-created "Wonderbat", is akin to Roy Hobbs's "Wonderboy", and both bats are eventually destroyed. The scene featuring the explosion of stadium lights as Homer circles the basepaths is also taken directly from the film. The end song "Talkin' Softball" is a parody of "Talkin' Baseball" by Terry Cashman. Jeff Martin wrote the new version of the song, but Cashman was brought in to sing it. The scenes of the Power Plant team traveling from city to city by train, overlaid with the pennant of the city they are going to, is a reference to The Pride of the Yankees (1942). Carl batting with a piano leg is a reference to Norm Cash of the Detroit Tigers, who once tried to bat with a table leg in a game where Nolan Ryan was extremely overpowering and threw a no-hitter. The team name on Mr. Burns' jersey, the Zephyrs, is a reference to The Twilight Zone episode "The Mighty Casey", which features a team called the Hoboken Zephyrs. When Don Mattingly is forced off the team by Mr. Burns for "neglecting" to shave off his "sideburns," Mattingly privately states that he still preferred Burns to George Steinbrenner, the owner of the New York Yankees at the time. When Darryl Strawberry forces Homer to stay on the bench, Bart and Lisa jeer by repeatedly yelling "Darrrr-ull! Darrrr-ulll!", a taunt Strawberry was subjected to during the 1986 World Series.

Reception

During the previous season, Fox had put The Simpsons in a timeslot that meant it was in direct competition with The Cosby Show, which won the timeslot every time. "Homer at the Bat" had a 15.9 rating and 23 share to win its timeslot while The Cosby Show had a 13.2 rating and 20 share. This was the first time a new Simpsons episode beat a new Cosby Show episode. Former executive producer Sam Simon and current showrunner Al Jean named it as their favorite episode. Regular cast members Harry Shearer and Julie Kavner disliked the episode because of its focus on the guest stars and its surreal tone. They were particularly annoyed by the Mattingly sideburns joke. Writer John Swartzwelder has mentioned "Homer at the Bat" amongst seven other favorite episodes The Simpsons he wrote (out of fifty-nine) that he "always enjoys watching."

Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, the authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, praised the episode, calling it "a great episode because the accidents that befall the pro players are so funny". Chris Turner, the author of the book Planet Simpson, said the episode was the indication that "the Golden Age [of the show] had arrived". Nate Meyers rated the episode a $4 1/2$ (of 5), stating "the script makes great use of the baseball superstars, giving each of them a strong personality and plenty of pep (the highlight has to be Mattingly's clash with Mr. Burns)." Colin Jacobson disliked the episode: "when ["Homer at the Bat"] originally aired, I didn't like it. While I've warmed up to the show slightly over the last decade, I still think it's generally weak, and I'd definitely pick it as Season Three's worst."

Entertainment Weekly placed the episode sixteenth on their top 25 The Simpsons episodes list, noting it was "early proof that The Simpsons could juggle a squad of guest stars without giving the family short shrift." It was placed third on AskMen.com's "Top 10: Simpsons Episodes" list, Rich Weir called it "one of the show's more memorable moments" and "effective as it combines a slew of guest stars with some hilarious material for Homer". The entire episode was placed first on ESPN.com's list of the "Top 100 Simpsons sport moments", released in 2004. Greg Collins, the author of the list, lavished praise on the episode. He said this is the "king of all sports episodes, and perhaps the greatest Simpsons episode ever". A friend of Collins later met guest star Mike Scioscia and told him he thought his guest spot was the best thing Scioscia had ever done, he responded "Thanks, I think". Entertainment.ie named it among the 10 greatest Simpsons episodes of all time. Eric Reinagel, Brian Moritz and John Hill of Press & Sun-Bulletin named the episode the fourth best in the show's history, In 2019, Time ranked the episode fifth in its list of 10 best Simpsons episodes picked by Simpsons experts. In 2019, Consequence of Sound ranked it number six on its list of top 30 Simpsons episodes.

IGN ranked the baseballers' performances as the seventeenth best guest appearance in the show's history: "each of these appearances was hilarious, making this a classic episode". The Phoenix.com praised the performances of each of the guest stars, but Darryl Strawberry, whom they put in the fifth position, was the only one to make their "Top 20 guest stars" list. The Toronto Star named Homer's conversation with Darryl Strawberry as the "greatest conversation of all time, involving the word yes".

Nathan Rabin writes that the episode is about guest stars "but it's also about expanding the show's universe into strange, surreal directions", noting the bizarre misfortunes that befall the players. "The baseball setting gives writers like John Swartzwelder free reign[sic] to indulge their love of baseball history at its most arcane, whether that means referencing 'Three Finger' Brown or having Mr. Burns give his team Brain & Nerve tonic instead of tedious old beer or Gatorade. 'Homer At The Bat' is an episode with a deep, irreverent love of baseball history. At this point, it's also part of baseball history: It's an unforgettable snapshot of what baseball royalty looked like circa 1992...the parody of 'Talkin' Baseball' that runs over the end credits has supplanted the original in my mind, perhaps because the original contains not a single reference to Ken Griffey's jaw being horrifically swollen. That it runs alongside sepia-toned, artificially aged footage of the show we just saw (a brilliant meditation on the nature of instant nostalgia that doubles as powerful instant nostalgia) is the icing on the cake, further proof that during its peak years the show went to insane lengths to get everything not just right but perfect."

Legacy
The episode has been credited with helping to save at least two lives. During the scene in which Homer chokes on a donut, a poster explaining the Heimlich maneuver is on the wall behind him. In May 1992, Chris Bencze was able to save his brother's life by performing the Heimlich Maneuver on him, having seen it in the episode, and in December 2007, Aiden Bateman was able to save his friend Alex Hardy's life by recalling the same.

On October 22, 2017, Springfield of Dreams: The Legend of Homer Simpson, an hour-long mockumentary about the episode in the style of Ken Burns' Baseball, aired on Fox to commemorate the 25th anniversary of this episode as well as Homer's induction into the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Among those interviewed were every player who appeared in the episode except Strawberry.

title: Homer at the Bat


text:
Dumfriesshire (UK Parliament constituency)

Dumfriesshire was a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of Great Britain (at Westminster) from 1708 to 1801 and in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (also at Westminster) from 1801 until 2005. It was known as Dumfries from 1950.

Creation
The British parliamentary constituency was created in 1708 following the Acts of Union, 1707 and replaced the former Parliament of Scotland shire constituency of Dumfries & Annandale.

History
The constituency was virtually unchanged until it was redistributed in 2005. It was redistributed to Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale and Dumfries and Galloway as part of a major reorganisation of Scottish constituencies. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system.

Boundaries
From 1885 to 1918 it comprised the shire districts of the county. From 1918 all the burghs were added.

MPs 1832–2005
1 Dr Hunter was elected in 1929 as a Liberal candidate, but in the split after the 1931 general election, he joined the National Liberals.

Elections in the 1850s
Douglas was appointed Comptroller of the Household, requiring a by-election.

Douglas succeeded to the peerage, becoming 8th Marquess of Queensberry and causing a by-election.

Elections in the 1860s
Waterlow was disqualified, owing to holding a government contract at the time of the election, causing a by-election.

Elections in the 1910s
General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
 * Liberal:
 * Unionist: William T. Shaw

Elections in the 1920s


text:
User talk:AlGorup

Al Gorup Senior Software Engineer Updates the comic book entrys when he has a spare moment or two.

Titling

 * I was wondering if you would clear up a point with me. I plan to add details & pages to the Marvel comics superheroes, such as Thor, Hercules, Chthon, etc.. A great deal of them are in the public domain and are duplicated in different comic lines (Hercules is a real good example of this.) What's the naming convention for such pages? I've noticed both Thor (Marvel Comics) and Loki (comics) and a lot of their link point towards the academic definitions of objects (e.g. Mjoiner) Should I start new objects with the classification of (Marvel Comics) with links back to the acedemic definitions?

Firstly, if you're copying them from elsewhere, make sure it's okay (but you sound like you know that

Secondly, it's fairly simple:
 * 1) use the bare title (e.g. Daredevil) if it's not already taken by a non-comics article
 * 2) If that is, use (comics) if that's not already taken (e.g. Loki (comics)
 * 3) Use (Marvel Comics) (e.g. Thor (Marvel Comics)) if (comics) is taken by a non-Marvel article (although, if (comics) if taken, you should probably move that article to the (DC Comics), etc title and make (comics) into a disambig page)

And for links, it depends. If you're talking about the actual myth, link back to the mythological descriptions. If you're talking about the comics characters, link back to the comic pages. The exception to the last is if its an object or somesuch that wouldn't support its own comics article. In that case, you can link to the wielder (e.g. Mjolnir ) or the mythological article (e.g. Mjolnir, perhaps adding a note to the bottom about the comics version) as you please.

Hope that helps :) - SoM 14:55, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Comics Collaboration of the Fortnight
As a member of WikiProject Comics, I thought you might be interested in the Comics Collaboration of the Fortnight we have set up. Please feel free to vote on the articles listed, although bear in mind that a vote for a particular article means you are pledging to help improve the article. The goal of the collaboration is to improve articles to Featured Article status, as we feel Comics is under-represented in that area. Thanks for your help. Steve block talk 19:27, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Uru (Marvel Comics)
Uru (Marvel Comics), an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Uru (Marvel Comics) satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Uru (Marvel Comics) and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Uru (Marvel Comics) during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. — Swpbtalk.edits 23:54, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Thunderstrike.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Thunderstrike.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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Respect Thread Conversions
I'm looking for folks to help convert Respect Threads to wiki formatting on Project Fanboy: WikiFans. Respect Threads, showcase scans of feats performed by comic book characters and have gained an audience on several comic book message boards. A few other wiki editors and myself are trying to convert them from the unprofessional look of a bunch of posts on a message board to the formatting common with WikiMedia wiki's. To view an example of what we're doing, here is a link to Respect Silver Surfer.

I was wondering if you might have time to contribute your comic book knowledge and/or scans of comic book characters performing feats, and help us out with our Respect Articles project?Millennium Cowboy (talk) 01:55, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Nomination of Chthon (Marvel Comics) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Chthon (Marvel Comics) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. TTN (talk) 17:28, 15 December 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Tornado Twins

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Proposed deletion of Darkhold

The article Darkhold has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline requirement nor the more detailed Notability (fiction) supplementary essay. WP:BEFORE did not reveal any significant coverage on Gnews, Gbooks or Gscholar. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

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Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 07:11, 30 January 2021 (UTC)

Nomination of Tornado Twins for deletion
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The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Tornado Twins until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.  Onel 5969  TT me 16:49, 6 August 2021 (UTC)

Nomination of Darkhold for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Darkhold is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Darkhold until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 09:32, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:AlGorup


text: User talk:12.149.111.5

title: User talk:12.149.111.5