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Generation Rescue

Generation Rescue is a nonprofit organization that advocates the scientifically disproven view that autism and related disorders are primarily caused by environmental factors, particularly vaccines. The organization was established in 2005 by Lisa and J.B. Handley. Today, Generation Rescue is known as a platform for Jenny McCarthy's autism related anti-vaccine advocacy.

Media campaign
The organization was established in 2005 by Lisa and J.B. Handley and 150 volunteer "Rescue Angels". More recently it has been led by Jenny McCarthy, an author, television personality and former Playboy model. Since McCarthy has become president, the organization has been rebranded variously as "Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey's Autism Organization", "Jenny McCarthy's Generation Rescue" and "Jenny McCarthy's Autism Organization". Bonnie Rochman wrote in Time, "...McCarthy's celebrity status has meant that her affiliation with Generation Rescue, an organization that links autism with immunization, has spooked thousands of parents, encouraging them to reject vaccines for their children — the same vaccines that are responsible for saving lives around the world."

Causes of autism
Generation Rescue has proposed a number of possible causes for developmental-related issues, such as vaccines, the increase in the number of vaccines administered, and thiomersal, a mercury-based vaccine preservative. Generation Rescue claims that biomedical intervention can help children recover. The hypotheses that vaccines, such as MMR, or thiomersal cause autism have been refuted by scientific research, as have claims that diets, drugs or chelation can cure autism. Because of Generation Rescue's public profile through national advertising and because its point of view is not shared by the mainstream medical community, its message has been controversial, and the organization has been described as anti-vaccine.

Promotion of products sold by board members
Several products and treatments recommended by Generation rescue to their members are sold by members of their Board of Director or their medical advisory board. A $20,000 hyperbaric chamber sold by a firm whose President is then-board member Samir Patel was promoted by the group. Generation rescue also encourages its members to seek hyperbaric treatments from Dan Rossignol, who is a member of their Science Advisory Board. Another member of that board, Anjum Usman Singh, also offers such treatments and received a reprimand by the Medical Board of the California Department of Consumer Affairs for failing to disclose she held a financial interest in the company selling the chambers she used with her patients.

It recommends lollipops enriched with vitamins sold by a company co-founded by Stan Kurtz and owned by Candace McDonald, who have been respectively a President of Generation Rescue and its executive director for ten years. For a time, the lollipops were sold directly through the group's website. A $2,000 foot bath that was promoted by Generation Rescue is sold by a sponsor of the group who contributes a minimum of $25,000 to its operating budget.

Each of these featured products are not recognized by the medical community as effective against autism. Until March, 2019, the organization also offered grants to some families, with which they would buy products offered by companies sponsoring Generation Rescue.

Failed clinic
On June 19, 2017, Generation Rescue held a fundraising event in St. Charles, Illinois with Jenny McCarthy and husband Donnie Wahlberg, with part of the proceeds to be put aside for the construction of an integrative health clinic. Construction of the clinic begun in July, under a company managed by Candace McDonald, who was then executive director of Generation Rescue. Jenny McCarthy herself was on hand for the ground-breaking ceremony. The clinic was to open in January, 2018.

Construction was stopped in 2017 and the construction contractor filed a lawsuit for non-payment of invoices amounting to $500,000. Generation Rescue now denies it has any links to the construction of the clinic. However, Generation Rescue, Candace McDonald and Jenny McCarthy were named in the suit as Respondents in Discovery. The lawsuit was settled; while the terms of the settlement are confidential, title to the site of the proposed clinic was relinquished to the contractor, who had intended to redraw the building's floor plans and finish individual suites. The property was subsequently developed as Fiore Salon Suites.

Reception
Generation Rescue previously co-sponsored an annual conference in Chicago along with another controversial charity, Autism One. The choice of speakers at these conferences led critics to accuse both organizations of promoting unproven therapies, such as the Miracle Mineral Solution, as a purported cure for autism. These conferences have also been criticized because Andrew Wakefield has spoken at them. They have also been criticized because many of the speakers presenting "so-called treatments" have a financial interest in them.

J.B. Handley said of Andrew Wakefield, originator of the claim that the MMR vaccine causes autism: "To our community, Andrew Wakefield is Nelson Mandela and Jesus Christ rolled up into one. He's a symbol of how all of us feel." However, Wakefield's work has been characterized as "an elaborate fraud", and parental fears over vaccines sparked by the controversy, and by continued advocacy of the disproven theory by groups such as Generation Rescue despite, have led, in turn, to decreased immunization rates and an increased incidence of whooping cough and measles, a highly contagious and sometimes deadly disease.

Generation Rescue issued a statement that the "media circus" following the revelation of Wakefield's fraud and manipulation of data was "much ado about nothing". Salon responded to Generation Rescue's statement with:"But any organization using a celebrity to mislead parents with claims of 'new' data that rely on decade-old vaccine formulas and schedules is more than disingenuous, it's flat-out dangerous."

Much of Generation Rescue's case is based on publications that do not go through a proper peer review process. Writing for Forbes, Emily Willingham characterized Generation Rescue as "an organization devoted to the debunked notion that vaccines cause autism and that autistic people can be 'recovered' from their autism by way of various unproven and sometimes dangerous interventions, including chelation."

title: Generation Rescue


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File:Surah10.59.gif

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b2/Surah10.59.gif

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Surah10.59.gif


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Critical Information on Jehovah's Witnesses2

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete, but the page was speedy deleted anyway by Rick. bainer (talk) 00:02, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Critical Information on Jehovah's Witnesses
Article has been speedy deleted once after this VfD debate. This version does have more than just external links. It has descriptions of the external links and there are book references. However, the title is biased, and pieces of encyclopedic information in the article are few and far between, if there at all. Sjakkalle 07:47, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Briefly summarising a collection of external links is just as bad as having nothing but external links. In any event the article is not encyclopaedic. --bainer (talk) 08:23, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, wikipedia is not a collection of external links. Megan1967 09:56, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. It's not just a collection of links, it's anti-JW propaganda. Not that I go much on Jehovah's Witnesses myself, but this is just a series of attacks. Jamyskis 11:19, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete (possibly speedily) Some of this could legitimately be added to the JW article, this could lead to some messy disputes, but it seems the only way to operate. PatGallacher 11:31, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
 * Delete. This page is nothing more than an advertisement for a series of attack pages. As such it is non-encyclopedic and hopelessly POV. Scimitar 14:44, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — proselytization; non-neutral PoV. — RJH 15:24, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP This article should most definitely stay, as there is a mass of important critical information about this religious group that pro-JWs refuse to even consider, or want the public to see on the main Jehovah's Witness page, and is highly relevant information about this religion. If the page is removed then the links and information on the critical page must go on the main Jehovah's Witnesses page, which will end up with World War 3 edits wars. Most regular JW posters on the main Jehovah's Witness page want this critical page to exist, but on a separate page as it now is, as they do not want critical information on the main Jehovah's Witness page. If you, Sjakkalle insist on creating trouble, you will end up trashing all the JW related pages, and creating chaos and edit wars that will never end. I can only see your personal motives as extreme trouble making, and meddling with your ego power games. I note you've made no contributions at all to anything on the main Jehovah's Witnesses page, so why are you now inciting trouble and edit wars? Most JWs who use the main Jehovah's Witness page, agree there should be a critical page that is separate. If you insist on causing anarchy and trouble, you must take responsibly for trashing the main page also, as that is what will happen over and over again, if critical information is not given a rightful place, especially as most pro-JW posters on the main Jehovah's Witness page refuse to allow critical links, books, or any real balance (note all the links are positive on the main JW page as an example). This links page, Critical Information on Jehovah's Witnesses, should definitely stay, and you should keep from making trouble and chaos on Wikipedia, especially where you've made zero contributions to the pages/subjects you are seeking to destroy/sabotage. I suggest you Sjakkalle should desistfrom your thoughtless and irresponsible trouble making.Eyesopen 27 May 2005
 * I would point out that you're the only one arguing for keep, so Sjakkalle is hardly alone in his trouble making, nor is it trouble-making. The problems with the article have already been stated. Forgive me if I cause offense hear, but your reasoning makes as much sense as arguing that we need a "critical information on Jews" page to counteract edit wars with Nazis. Editting disagreements are, respectfully, no reason to keep a page that does not meet the criteria of an encyclopedia. Furthermore, launching ad hominem attacks on Sjakkalle does not strengthen your argument. Scimitar 21:14, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete: The article is misnamed (capitalization is irregular), and what it implies is "Criticism of Jehovah's Witnesses." Well, such criticisms aren't hard to find.  The 1967 Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, for example, had an extremely short entry on the group, concluding that they are a "vile sect."  A "criticisms" section in the JW article should eat most of this, but in an NPOV fashion.  Article is inherently POV and should go. Geogre 17:58, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted as a mere collection of links. RickK 19:53, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Article has been recreated. I've listed it on WP:SD. --FCYTravis 21:20, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Gone againDunc|☺ 22:05, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, normally I'd say merge with Jehovah's witness, but that seems to have the matter covered already. --W(t) 21:24, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
 * Comment: Although I have quite strong feelings about this particular religious cult, any information should go in the main Jehovah's Witnesses article, and represnet all views. That is NPOV.Dunc|☺ 22:05, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Growler

Growler may refer to:

Places

 * Growler Mine Area, Arizona, United States

People

 * "Growler" (calypsonian), Trinidad and Tobago calypsonian singer Errol Duke, also "The Mighty Growler"
 * "The Growler", a nickname for Irish hurler Sean Daly

Fictional characters

 * Growler, a house robot in Robot Wars
 * Growler, a unit type in VOR: The Maelstrom
 * Officer Growler, a character from The Getalong Gang

Groups, organizations, companies

 * The Growlers, an American band
 * Growler Manufacturing and Engineering, an American manufacturing firm
 * Kalamazoo Growlers, a collegiate summer baseball team
 * Newfoundland Growlers, a minor league ice hockey team

Technology

 * Growler (electrical device), a device for testing electric motors
 * Growler, a sound-powered telephone used on U.S. Navy ships
 * S-400 missile system or SA-21 Growler, a surface-to-air missile

Vehicles

 * M1161 Growler, a military light ground vehicle
 * Avro Shackleton, a military aircraft of the RAF and the South African Air Force
 * Boeing EA-18G Growler, an electronic warfare jet fighter
 * British Rail Class 37 or growler, a diesel locomotive
 * Clarence (carriage) or growler
 * Growler-E, a 2011 concept car by Vizualtech that evolved into the Lyonheart K sports car
 * USS Growler, several ships and submarines of the United States Navy

Other uses

 * Growler (jug), a type of large beer bottle
 * Growler, a Yorkshire pork pie
 * Growler, a small iceberg or piece of drift ice that is barely visible above the surface of the water

title: Growler


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User:Kevin Baas/matching articles

Articles of Impeachment in Watergate that apply to George W. Bush re the 2003 invasion of Iraq:

Article 1
In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, George W. Bush, in violation of his constitutional oath faithfully to execute the office of President of the United States and, to the best of his ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and in violation of his consitutional duty to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, has prevented, obstructed, and impeded the administration of justice, in that: The means used to implement this course of conduct or plan included one or more of the following:

 * making or causing to be made false or misleading public statements for the purpose of deceiving the people of the United States;
 * withholding relevant and material evidence or information from lawfully authorized investigative officers and employees of the United States;
 * endeavouring to misuse the Central Intelligence Agency, an agency of the United States;

In all of this, George W. Bush has acted in a manner contrary to his trust as President and subversive of constitutional government, to the great prejudice of the cause of law and justice and to the manifest injury of the people of the United States.

title: User:Kevin Baas/matching articles


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User talk:CJ/Archive 2

Use of Stills from copyrighted television programs
Hi Cyberjunkie. I have a problem with the use of stills from copyrighted digital television programs. I can see that in certain circumstances they might be of use, under fair use provisions, for rare events or news, etc, but their original copyright prevents open use by other sources which is a major restriction. For basic descriptive photography of geographical features, I do not think we should use such stills. It would be better if you think an article needs a photo or two, to put in a request to WikiProject Melbourne. There are several wikipedians in Melbourne, myself included, who would be willing to take such digital photos. That aside, congratulations on your great work on Adelaide. --Takver 09:56, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Australia
The template "Commonwealth Realms" cannot go on Foreign relations of Australia. The fact that Australia is a CR has no bearing on the foreign relations of the country. Foreign relations relate to how a country interacts with its peers, not on their constitutional nature. The template links to all of the country pages for every other on the list, and it should link to Australia too. Also please do not accuse me of vandalism when I make additions to Wikipedia. Astrotrain 13:02, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't recall ever suggesting that the template be placed in Foreign relations of Australia, so I cannot understand why you be making such irrelevant statements. And on that point, I do not require an explanation on what foreign relations pertains to. Whilst discussing the matter of the "Commonwealth Realms" template, though I was not the first to remove it, I do not believe it is a necessary template for the article - especially given a "Commonwealth of Nations" template is present.

 * On reverting your edits, designating them as vandalism was perfectly valid. If you had reviewed your edits, you would have noticed the nonsensical duplication of the article. Your resentment, however, indicates that it was a mistake and not vandalism. But not knowing your edit history, I was unable to make that distinction.--Cyberjunkie 13:53, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * here's what happened: SimonP removed template:Commonwealth Realms and template:Commonwealth of Nations completely from Australia, to preserve i moved them both to foreign relations of Australia, see my suggestion on his talk page.  i updated the link in the templates to match.

 * i don't have a strong opinion on where they should go, i'm happy if they stay on the country articles, but others don't like the proliferation of templates at the end of country articles. one compromise is to include them on the various economy of..., demography of... articles like has been done with the template:WTO templates.  i think that is a good compromise.

 * but regardless, the point is that the templates should match, they should appear on all of the articles linked in the template, or none. and the links should match the page they are on, so that current article appears unlinked and bold. if you move them around, please make sure they match and that they appear on every article. clarkk 02:03, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the clarification Clarkk. Though I'm still clueless as to why Astrotrain directed his/her response to your suggestion towards me. Perhaps s/he was as confused as I.

 * Though I am not particularly fussed, I am one of those you mention who dislike the proliferation of country article templates. And I do very much like your, and others, compromise of channeling the templates to relevant articles (as was done with SOPAC).

 * However, I hesitate to suggest that Wikipedians should be obligated to place a template on the linking article simply because it exists. While templates are a valuable navigational tool, there exist many irrelevant and pointless ones.

 * With regards to the templates on the Australia article, I'm not all that concerned. The reason for my reversion of Astrotrain's edit, was because s/he had duplicated the article, puruposefully or not. But nonetheless, I don't think that the "Commonwealth Realms" template is appropriate for the Australia article, and the "Commonwealth of Nations" template should be preferred over it. Having both is overkill. Besides that, personally, I find the Commonwealth Realms article to be sub-standard and POV, and would seek to avoid linking to it in any case.

 * As for moving the templates to other articles, I agree with Astrotrain that the "Commonwealth Realms" template is not relevant to foreign relations. It would be more appropriately placed at Government of Australia or as others have suggested Queen of Australia. The "Commonwealth of Nations" template (which I'd like to see remain in the Austalia article), if moved, is placed correctly in foreign relations. But I think it has more of a bearing on Australia as a nation and historically. In any case, this is something that will have to be taken up on the template pages and/or at WikiProject countries.

 * Thanks again, --Cyberjunkie 06:18, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Hi, thanks for supporting my adminship nomination. --nixie 03:06, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks also
Thanks for fixing up the last few places I'd missed with the COTW/F renaming. The infobox looks nice, as well. :) Ambi 08:05, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That's very kind of you, but it's still a fair way from completion. Starting at such an early point in a city article has giving me some ideas for improving the Adelaide article. But the thanks really should be going to you! Hopefully the clean-up and your motivation will end this stagnate period, and get Aussie Wikipedians contributing where they can.--Cyberjunkie 08:15, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Darwin
If you redirect Darwin to Darwin (disambiguation) I'll accept this as a reasonable compromise. I was really not happy at all that someone deleted the previous copy of Darwin with its history in order to move Darwin, Northern Territory there. This should have been listed on WP:RM to get consensus prior to any action of that kind, and the history should have been merged in.

In my experience Darwin, NT is a moderately well known Australian city, but nowhere near as eminent as the naturalist after whom it was named. This is why I used primary topic disambig, but I see that there are quite a few new articles about Darwin, NT now and so a change to disambiguation may be merited at least in the short term. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 11:25, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think that the disambig redirect is the best option, and something that perhaps should have been done in the first place. It's only since Darwin became the Australian COTF that I became interested in the article, and I am unaware of who, stupidly, deleted the page.

 * And I'd never wish to slight Charles Darwin, if you thought I was. I greatly respect his work, as do most Australians - hence we named a city after him! ;) But (and I might be biased) the city of Darwin, too, is a popular topic, and will eventually become more popular as the city grows and as the articles expand. It is an important city, historically, and presently - especially with regards the S-E Asia.--Cyberjunkie 11:36, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Infobox on airports
Please hold off on the infobox. I need to make it a template format and then I plan to hit them all. Burgundavia 01:42, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * cyberjunkie has made a parameterised version for all australia airports: template:Infobox Australian Airport, perhaps that could be used as the basis of the global template:Infobox Airport, or maybe you were referring to cyberjunkie's template. 01:44, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

airport infobox redux
I put a lot of thought into this. We need to create a runway template and the stats template. Thus aiports can have as many runways as they need and no stats if that is not available. I am also thinking of moving stats into a table, as well as and airline template. Your ideas are appreciated. Burgundavia 01:44, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey Burgundavia (I like that name). I realise that the airport infobox isn't yet ready for universal implementation, but I thought it a worthwhile edition to the major Australian airports. I had no intention of adding it to all Australian airports, for the time being at least. It was hard enough to find the stats for the major aiports, let alone attempting the minors. For the templates you've created, great work! I did a little bit of re-arranging for the Australian airports - "Closest Town"/"Distance from" changed to city and IATA/ICAO codes moved lower. I've now created Template:Infobox Australian Airport, as Clarkk mentioned, based on that hybrid infobox, but have yet to implement it.

 * Now, I'm the first to admit that I know next to nothing about template syntax. I work around this by using various exemplars. But having two separate templates, one for stats and one for runways, sounds like an awful complication. And I don't see how this will change the problem of some airports having more runways then others - though I am perhaps blinded by my inexperience. However, this idea does make sense for smaller airports, where it might be very hard to get information on either. Nevertheless, I think there should be one infobox in, say, four different versions: v1 2 runways; v2 3 runways; v3 4 runways; and, v4 5 runways. This is what I may do with Template:Infobox Australian Airport, though only two versions would be required. Thoughts?--Cyberjunkie 03:01, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I have not tested this, but what you would have is a runway template and then on each page you would have as many links to the template as you need. Templates are expanded server-side, before the client see them. Is that clearer? Burgundavia 03:18, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Could this not then be done in a single infobox?--Cyberjunkie 03:21, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * A single infobox yes, a single template no. The server would expand them all into a single infobox from teh users perspective. Burgundavia 03:28, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * It sounds good, but still, functionability/user-friendliness is a concern. So your planning to make a test template? If so, will it be in the style already used. I'd like to see the changes I made to the Australian infobox carry through.--Cyberjunkie 03:42, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Final airport infobox stuff
I would like to know your opinion on leaving off the statistics and the airport url from the info box. I will make a statistics box to go inline, and the link can stay inline with all the other links, where people would expect it. Burgundavia 08:02, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * The statistics should remain attached to the Infobox in my opinion. As for the airport weblink, I'm not particularly fussed either way. I made that addition to the infobox because it seemed a nifty feature, and one included in some other infoboxes I've worked on. I've seen the progress you've made, and all seems well. Although, once your more prepared, the WikiProject Airport infobox page may need to be better organised and more instructive. Also, I think that changing the "Closest town"/"City" to "Serves" is a very good compromise. I might suggest, however, you change "Distance from town" to "Distance from CBD".--Cyberjunkie 08:18, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Infobox
The reason I left out stats was that they are better seen as a whole, as we are going to have to have another place for the stats not in the infobox. I also think CDB is far to technical. The issue with the external link is that no other infobox does it that way and there is no pressing reason why we should go against there. There is long standing WP policy to avoid external links wherever possible and to place them in clearly defined places, which this isnt. The current box is one I am going to roll out across all the airports. Burgundavia 08:30, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * So you're saying that there will be a separate table for the statistics? I can't find anything on the WikiProject Airport pages that sets out any sort of standard layout. If that is what you meant, I'd advise against it. Generally, the airport articles are not large enough to warrant the use of more than one table. The infobox seems sufficient. The stats currently comprise only two facts anyways. Of course, if you mean that the stats are going to be included within the written article, that is appropriate. With regards to the external link, as I've said, I don't care if it is removed. I was just explaining why I included it in the first place. The only thing that I am disagreeing with you on, is the "Distance from" section. Town is erroneous terminology. CBD is universally understood, though admittedly in more common usage in the Commonwealth countries. As for it being too technical, I think that is negligible, especially within an infobox citing ICAO/IATA. CBD is the correct term, and one that is applicable to all airports. Anyone who requires clarification can follow the link (the point of a wiki) and see its near-equivalent 'downtown'.--Cyberjunkie 03:48, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Snowtown murders
Brookie here. I have taken out nearly all of the murders section and created a new page with the data removed. Can we now remove the clean up tag without falling out? I'll look into moving the location as suggested on the discussion page Brookie 15:42, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry that I did not respond to your message Brookie. Occasionally I just don't, and I can't really explain why - temporary apathy perhaps? Anyways, it does not mean I have lost interest with this article. I'm not going to re-tag it, because the article has improved - or rather, the problem has shifted to a separate article. But what I am rather perplexed about is why on earth you and Susvolans have moved the article to different names. As far as I can ascertain, Susvolans moved the article to Snowtown, and you then, recognising this was wrong, moved it to Snowtown - South Australia. Am I right in assuming that you had meant to move it back to its original (and correct) name, Snowtown, South Australia, but made a mistake? I hope this was the case, because otherwise, I'll remain perplexed. --Cyberjunkie 11:35, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Pandeism

 * Thanks. I actually just found conclusive evidence of the use of the term "Pandeism" dating back to 1833, being used by Godfrey Higgins, a follower of John Toland, the creator of pantheism.. The term is used in a book written by Higgins called the Anacalypsis. -- 8^D BD2412gab 10:27, 2005 Apr 29 (UTC)

Lesotho in South Africa article
You reverted an edit I made to South Africa that may have been inadvertent (you rolled back several versions). See my comments in Talk:South Africa for details. Crust 18:12, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It was indeed unintended. I had only wished to restore the article to the last complete version (Meelar's edit) and in doing so, made the mistake of assuming that all edits pursuant to his were vandalism. With regards to Lesotho, I think that "independent enclave" would suffice, or alternatively, "...and borders independent countries of Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland and landlocked Lesotho". I apologise if my revert caused offence - I sought only to correct the article.--Cyberjunkie 11:01, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

No worries. Looks good to me now. Thanks, Crust 15:09, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

WikiPortal
Could I ask, why isn't Portal:Cricket a wikiportal (ignoring the namespace)? Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 17:31, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * My answer depends on what you're referring to. Are you referring to my removing it from Wikiportals or my vote for moving it from article namespace? If the former is your concern, at the time it was posted by jguk it was not a portal in any form - closer to a disambiguation page - and consequently, did not warrant listing. Its namespace was a further disqualification. If you are enquiring about my vote on its VfD, I don't feel I have to explain my vote at all. I will, however, say that I don't wish it deleted, but simply moved to the correct namespace (where all other Wikiportals exist).--Cyberjunkie 04:21, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I completely agree that you do not have to explain your vote. I was referring to its deletion from Wikiportals.  I see now that it was in this horrible state and I quite understand your action.  Could I ask: would you put the page at Portal:Cricket onto the list? Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 09:52, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think it would be appropriate to list it whilst the conflict continues. I have not voted on the new VfD because I have not yet come to a personal conclusion. Whatever the resolution is, it is likely to effect all Wikiportals - ergo, the list is essentially a lame-duck.--Cyberjunkie 14:02, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure, I was just wondering whether its current state, disregarding VfD and namespace, makes it suitable, and whether you would put it there if it was under Wikiportal/cricket. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 14:11, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Although I stated that had not come to no conclusion, you've succeeded in eliciting my position. My position is: If the portal were at Wikiportal/Cricket, I would include it, simply because that is where all others reside. To not include it would be exclusionist. However, I maintain no objection to a new Wikiportal namespace being created for all Wikiportals.

 * The issue of the Cricket Wikiportal's format is secondary at best. The broader debate (the beginnings of which can be found here) on the purpose of a Wikiportal will determine how Wikiportals are formatted.--Cyberjunkie 14:34, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Snowtown
Thanks for the post - someone had moved Snowtown, South Australia back to just Snowtown nad the  edited the history page so that it couldn't then be reversed - presumably to make his move stick - this was an attempt to bring some sense back to it! Not ideal though. Best regards Brookie:A glow in the dark 07:09, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

 * After attempting to move it back myself, I thought that might have been the case. I put a request up at the administrators notice board for it to be moved back to Snowtown, South Australia, but violetriga moved it to Snowtown. Maybe s/he is unable to move it back, too. I am going to seek another administrator's help.--Cyberjunkie 07:15, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Requested moves
Your last edit to Requested moves deleted a whole bunch of text. I've seen this happen in a couple of other places, so it may be that there's a bug. Can you remember exactly what you did when trying to back out your addition? Noisy | Talk 10:16, May 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed, a lot was removed. But, no, I did not delete it, so perhaps it is, as you say, a bug. All I did was excise my addition, which was as follows:
 * This article requires a qualifier to avoid confusion with the more widely known international relations theory of the balance of power. Ergo, it should be moved to Balance of Power (computer game), which is consistent with other articles of this nature.
 * How I did so, I cannot be certain, but I believe I edited via the 2 May 2005 edit tag.
 * Thank you for fixing that error, and for not being accusatorial. Many would have shot first and questioned later.--Cyberjunkie 14:00, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

I've normally got a hair-trigger temper, so you were just lucky that I'd already seen a couple of similar instances. ;-) Noisy | Talk 14:19, May 4, 2005 (UTC)

Chinatowns in Australasia and Oceania
Hi Cyberjunkie - I suspect that you may be Australian, because no New Zealanders even say they are in Australasia. New Zealand is firmly and solidly in Oceania, as noted on many articles, and as rolled back for the Chinatown article. Grutness|hello? 05:29, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * My edit, unlike yours, was completely objective and my nationality bore no influence on it. And at the risk of being undiplomatic, the pettiness and ignorance of your comment was truly surprising, especially when I consider you to be, on the whole, a very valuable contributor . The fact is Australasia is a term that encompasses New Zealand, and one that is used widely on either side of the Tasman. Anyways, there was duplication in terms, and given the scope, Oceania is preferred and the article was so moved. --Cyberjunkie 08:41, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

Apologies if you took my comments personally (perhaps I should have added one of those horrible smiley things) - I have no wish to upset you, as my feelings on your edits are equally positive. However, the term is widely used in New Zealand to refer to Australia and Papua New Guinea, but not New Zealand. Checking the article's edit history would have revealed that New Zealand had already been moved from the Australasia section to the Oceania section in the past. Reverting it without checking the reasons for the earlier edit was hardly objective. Grutness|hello? 08:51, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Seems out messages "crossed in the post". No offense was taken on my part, and I apologise oif any was taken on your part. Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]]
 * My point was, that if the term Australasia is used, it cannot be used to the exclusion of New Zealand. New Zealand is Australasia, along with Australia and, broadly, New Guinea. It may very well be that Oceania is the preferred term, but Australasia incontrovertibly means Australia and New Zealand. Any usage contrary to this (notwithstanding broader interpretations) is incorrect. And it is furphy to suggest that New Zealanders don't subscribe to the term. If not, then what of the many, many joint organisations that use "Australasia"? Rather, there is a naïvety among a small nationalist indoctrinated section of the society who see "Austral" and think "Australian domination", when it is simple latin.--Cyberjunkie 14:56, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

Snowtown
I think I owe you an apology. Brookie was moving a lot of British town articles, and I was trying to move them back. Snowtown got caught up in the process. Susvolans (pigs can fly) 15:29, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think an apology was due. An explanation, however, at the article's talk-page would have been nice. I was just puzzled by the goings-on.--Cyberjunkie 10:00, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Commonwealth templates
Unfortunately the discussion is quite spread out on the talk pages of individual countries and users. There was formerly a fair bit of discussion about the issue on the talk page of WikiProject Countries (see especially Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Countries/Archive5 where the original consensus to remove most of these templates was reached and the more specific, but inconclusive, discussion of the Commonwealth template at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Countries). Currently there are discussions of this issue on Talk:Australia, Talk:Canada, Talk:United Kingdom, and Talk:New Zealand. There is also considerable discussion on the user pages of User:Astrotrain, User:TreveX, User:Jtdirl, and myself. - SimonP 05:16, May 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the catch-up. I had originally monitored discussions, and occasionally commented, but later lost track. Any chance of consolidating them all? The vicious cycle of addition and removal that you and Astrotrain are engaged in has continued much longer than it should have.--Cyberjunkie 09:58, 11 May 2005 (UTC)
 * You are very right, and I would much appreciate any outside input into this matter. Since the discussion got very hard to follow I have amalgamated most of it at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Countries. - SimonP 16:35, May 11, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:CJ/Archive 2


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yellow mustang registry

This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this  page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was copyvio (was subsequently deleted). Tony Sidaway|Talk 22:20, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Yellow mustang registry
Severe rewrite as community effort, or delete. At the moment, this is advertising (at best). TVPR 07:57, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Not only is it advertising, it's a copyvio from here.   [  +t,  +c  ] 08:09, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advert, copyvio. Megan1967 09:57, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Plagiarized advertising that, amazingly enough, fails Geogre's Law as well. Club of little import. Geogre 18:00, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero

The Estadio Olimpico Pascual Guerrero is a football stadium, also used for athletics, concerts, and rugby sevens, in Cali, Colombia. The stadium is named to honor the poet Pascual Guerrero. The stadium and the sports complex that surrounds it are one of the finest and most modern sports complexes in Latin America, and led to references of Cali as the "Sports Capital of America".

The "Pascual", as Cali's inhabitants usually call the stadium, replaced the now defunct Estadio Galilea which was located in the Versailles neighbourhood, where the first national athletics competition was held in 1928. The Pascual is still an important venue for domestic and international sporting events.

With renovations made for the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Colombia and additional suits and sky boxes, the stadium's capacity was reduced to 35,405 people. It is currently the home of América de Cali, Atlético, and Boca Juniors de Cali and was the home of Deportivo Cali until 2015 when they moved permanently into their new stadium.

History
In 1935, the poet Pascual Guerrero asked the Valle del Cauca Department government to build a stadium on the grounds he offered. On 20 July 1937, construction was completed, and the facility opened with the name "Estadio Departamental". President Alfonso López Pumarejo was present when the stadium was inaugurated with a quadrangular tournament among the countries of Argentina, Cuba, Mexico and Colombia. The opening of the stadium coincided with celebrations to mark the fourth centenary of the founding of Cali. Subsequently, on November 4, 1957, the government of the Valle del Cauca ceded to the Universidad del Valle the lands that comprise the entire sports complex, a gift ratified by the Ministry of Government.

In 1948 the first game of professional football was played at the stadium, and in 1954 the stadium hosted the seventh edition of the National Games of Colombia. It was remodeled and expanded, with Olympic swimming pools built, and consequently renamed "San Fernando Sports Complex".

With the appointment of Cali as host of the 1971 Pan American Games, in 1967 the stadium was restructured and adapted to Olympic standards of the time, and a 8-lane track developed in synthetic tartan, pit and spaces for shot put and hammer, long jump and pole vault were built. The capacity was expanded to accommodate 45,000 spectators, and floodlights and an electronic bulletin board were added. With the reform, the Sports Unit of San Fernando that was built for the 1954 National Games, became part of the Pan American Sports Unit that hosted the sixth Pan American Games.

On the occasion of the 1995 Pacific Ocean Games some physical renovations were approved, including its Synthetic Tartan track, which was replaced in its entirety according to the requirements for competitions to be held in 1995.

Due to the deterioration of the north grandstand of the stadium it was closed for several years until its remodeling began in 1999. In 2000 further renovations were approved at its facilities, making special emphasis on the correction of structural and locational problems as well as a complete replacement of the grass playing surface and drainage, ahead of the 2001 Copa América.

In 2005, due to the 43rd edition of the South American Championships in Athletics, the synthetic track was repaired in several sections, this time using a material approved by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) named Sport Flex. The stadium's tracks, fields, and the nearby sports complex underwent further renovations since October 2006 ahead of the 2008 National Games, with a large-scale renovation work that saw the construction of boxes and VIP areas in the western grandstand and underground parking in the southern stand, the replacement of the former electronic board for a new screen, the installation of seats throughout the stadium, as well as a new roof covering all grandstands of the stadium and consisting of a series of Calatrava trusses supporting a membrane or fabric structure being performed in preparation of the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup. The works began in the southern grandstand and lasted 16 months. Due to the new seating, stadium capacity was decreased to 35,405-seated stadium spectators.

Sports
The stadium regularly hosts home matches of football clubs América de Cali, Atlético, and Boca Juniors de Cali, which compete in Categoría Primera A (América) and Categoría Primera B (Atlético and Boca Juniors), the two tiers of Colombian club football. It was also one of the host stadiums for the 2001 Copa América, being the headquarters of Group B. A total of six games between the national teams of Brazil, Paraguay, Peru and Mexico were played at the stadium between 11 and 17 July 2001. The stadium also hosted games in the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup and the 2022 Copa América Femenina. In 2024 it will host matches of the 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup

The stadium has also hosted the 1971 Pan American Games and the National Games on several occasions, the 1995 Games of the Pacific Ocean, the 2005 South American Championships in Athletics, the 2013 World Games, the 2015 World Athletics U18 Championship, the 2021 Junior Pan American Games and the 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships.

The stadium is also the training site and home for Liga Vallecaucana School and Intercollegiate Games.

Cultural Music
The more traditional music event that takes place in the stadium is the Super Concert, in which different bands and invited singers perform at the annual celebration named Feria de Cali, which is held between the 25th to the 30th of December. During the eighties, there was a big concert named "Festival de Orquestas" of La Feria de Cali, which for a whole day had different orchestras playing for about 12 hours.

Also, the stadium is the main stage of national and international artists. Juanes, Maná, Shakira, Soda Estereo, Marc Anthony, Gloria Estefan, David Gilmour and Roger Daltrey are some of the artists that have performed at the stadium. Vicente Fernandez is scheduled to perform at the stadium during his Mi Despedida World Tour.

Various Christian events have also been held at the venue, including a two-day 'Miracle Crusade' with Nigerian Pastor T.B. Joshua in 2014.

Facilities
The stadium is divided into seven stands for sporting events (in order from lowest to highest ct):

 * South Grandstand: For the same price as the northern platform, is the most economical. In the gallery are usually locate bars Baron Rojo Sur Team America and Frente Radical Verde Deportivo Cali team. These fans are known for being the "hooligans" from their respective teams and their violent history can not be on the same platform as the city teams play each other. Usually the fans of the team official visitor gallery is located in the north. The location and subsequent departure of the fans is controlled by the National Police.
 * North Grandstand: In this forum, which is geographically located to the west, lies the electronic board, which after many years of being out of service, is making its reconstruction.
 * Lower East Grandstand: On the first two floors of the east side of the stadium is the most popular platform from which there is a complete panorama of the stadium.
 * Upper East Grandstand: The second of the two floors of the east side, offers a prime view of the stadium by not having to be interrupted by the safety net on the first floor.
 * Tribuna 1st Floor West: On this side of the stadium the locker rooms are located, the area of arbitrators and the benches of both teams.
 * Tribuna 3rd Floor West: In this area are booths and sports media transmission.
 * West 2nd Floor Grandstand: It is the only forum in the stadium with numbered seats and therefore is reserved for members of the teams.

Location and Access Routes
The stadium is located in the San Fernando traditional neighborhood in central-south of the city, between the traditional Fifth Street (Calle 5a) and Roosevelt Avenue (Calle 6a). Next to the stage of the Evangelista Mora gym arena, the Alberto Galindo Olympic Pools and form the so-called San Fernando Sports Unit also known as Pan American Sports Unit.

Access from the South or North of the city is Fifth Street, which passes a backbone of Mass Transit System MIO and has a station right in front of Parque de las Banderas. From the south you can get to the stadium along the Avenue of the Hippodrome (Better known as Ninth Street), going through the intersection of the Diagonal 34 to Roosevelt Avenue, which restricts access of vehicles during the course of the event.

Near the south stand is the "Booth Maria" ballots authorized outlets. The stadium has no parking, but often used is the street and surrounding streets to park cars, with no particular formal surveillance.

title: Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero


text:
Kizhi Pogost

Kizhi Pogost (Кижский погост) is a historical site dating from the 17th century on Kizhi island. The island is located on Lake Onega in the Republic of Karelia (Medvezhyegorsky District), Russia. The pogost is the area inside a fence which includes two large wooden churches (the 22-dome Transfiguration Church and the 9-dome Intercession Church) and a bell-tower. The pogost is famous for its beauty and longevity, despite being built exclusively of wood. In 1990, it was included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage sites and in 1993 listed as a Russian Cultural Heritage site.

General information
The pogost was built on the southern part of Kizhi island, on a hill 4 meters above the Lake Onega level. Its major basic structural unit is a round log of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) about 30 cm in diameter and 3 to 5 meters long. The Kizhi Pogost was built without using a single nail. Many thousands of logs were brought for construction from the mainland, a complex logistical task in that time.

The Church of the Transfiguration
The Church of the Transfiguration (Церковь Преображения Господня) is the most remarkable part of the pogost. It is not heated and is, therefore, called a summer church and does not hold winter services. Its altar was laid June 6, 1714, as inscribed on the cross located inside the church. This church was built on the site of the old one which was burnt by lightning. The builders' names are unknown. A legend tells that the main builder used one axe for the whole construction, which he threw into the lake upon completion with the words "there was not and will be not another one to match it".

The church has 22 domes and with a height of 37 meters is one of the tallest wooden buildings in Northern Europe. Its perimeter is 20×29 meters. It is considered that the 18-dome church on the southern shore of Lake Onega — built in 1708 and destroyed by fire in 1963 – was its forerunner. According to the Russian carpentry traditions of that time, the Transfiguration Church was built of wood only with no nails apart from the domes and roof shingles. There are approximately 180,000 nails securing the 60,000 roof shingles. All structures were made of scribe-fitted horizontal logs, with interlocking corner joinery — either round notch or dovetail — cut by axes. The basis of the structure is the octahedral frame with four two-stage side attachments (прируб, "prirub" from "rubit" meaning "to cut wood"). The eastern prirub has a pentagonal shape and contains the altar. Two smaller octagons of similar shape are mounted on top of the main octagon. The structure is covered in 22 domes of different size and shape, which run from the top to the sides. The refectory is covered with a three-slope roof. In the 19th century, the church was decorated with batten and some parts were covered with steel. It was restored to its original design in the 1950s.

The church framework rests on a stone base without a deep foundation, except for the western aisle for which a foundation was built in 1870. Most wood is pine with spruce planks on the flat roofs. The domes are covered in aspen.

The iconostasis has four levels (четырёхъярусный) and contains 102 icons. It is dated to the second half of the 18th – early 19th century. The icons are from three periods: the two oldest icons, "The Transfiguration" (Преображение) and "Intercession" (Покров) are from the late 17th century and are typical of the northern style. The central icons are from the second half of the 18th century and are also of the local style. Most icons of the three upper tiers are of the late 18th century, brought from various parts of Russia.

The Church of the Intercession
The Church of the Intercession (Покровская церковь) is a heated ("winter") church where services are held from October 1 until Easter. The church was the first on the island after a fire in the late 17th century destroyed all previous churches. It was first built in 1694 as a single-dome structure, then reconstructed in 1720–1749 and in 1764 rebuilt into its present 9-dome design as an architectural echo of the main Transfiguration Church. It stands 32 meters tall with a 26×8 meter perimeter. There are nine domes, one larger in the center, surrounded by eight smaller ones. Decoration is scant. A high single-part porch leads into the four interior parts of the church. As in the Transfiguration Church, the altar is placed in the eastern part shaped as a pentagon. The original iconostasis was replaced at the end of the 19th century and is lost; it was rebuilt in the 1950s to the original style.

Belfry
The original bell-tower rapidly deteriorated and was re-built in 1862 and further reconstructed in 1874 and 1900. The tower stands 30 meters tall with a 6×6 meter perimeter. It has a square wooden frame resting on a foundation (rubble with lime mortar); the frame is divided inside by two walls into three rooms: antechamber, stairs and a storage place. Above the square frame, there is an octagonal part with the zvonnitsa on top. Then there is a pyramidal (octagonal) roof resting on pillars. The roof is topped with a cross. Wood types are the same as in the churches: pine, spruce and aspen.

In popular culture
The Church of the Transfiguration is the Wonder for the Slavs in the PC game Age of Empires 2: Definitive Edition.

Fence
The fence serves no defensive purpose at all. It is a symbolic division between the holy ground and the outside world. It was reconstructed in the 1950s as a 300-meter-long log structure surrounding the two churches and the belfry. The structure rests on a tall boulder basement. The main entrance is 14.4 meters wide and 2.25 meters tall, and faces east near the Church of the Intercession. There are wicket gates at the eastern and northern sides and a small wooden tower in the north-western corner. The tower has a square base and a four-slope batten roof with a spire. The walls, gates and wickets are also roofed.

title: Kizhi Pogost


text:
Savage Empire

Savage Empire is a novel by Jean Lorrah published in 1981.

Plot summary
Savage Empire is a novel in which two societies have been warring for many years: the psionic Aventine Empire and the barbarians who practice magic.

Reception
Greg Costikyan reviewed Savage Empire in Ares Magazine #9 and commented that "On the whole, Savage Empire is an entertaining though flawed first effort, good enough to justify looking for Lorrah's next novel."

Reviews

 * Review by Tom Staicar (1981) in Amazing Stories, September 1981

title: Savage Empire


text:
Tazir

In Islamic Law, tazir (ta'zeer or ta'zir, تعزير) refers to punishment for offenses at the discretion of the judge (Qadi) or ruler of the state. It is one of three major types of punishments or sanctions under Sharia Islamic law — hadd, qisas and ta'zir. The punishments for the Hadd offenses are fixed by the Qur'an or Hadith (i.e. "defined by God" ), qisas allow equal retaliation in cases of intentional bodily harm, while ta'zir refers to punishments applied to the other offenses for which no punishment is specified in the Qur'an or the Hadith or is not punishable under either qisas or hudud.

Overview
The classical Islamic legal tradition did not have a separate category for criminal law as does modern law. The classical Islamic jurisprudence typically divided the subject matter of law into four "quarters", that is rituals, sales, marriage, and injuries. In modern usage, Islamic criminal law has been extracted and collated from that classical Islamic jurisprudence literature into three categories of rules:

 * Hadd (literally "limit" ) under Sharia, are rules stated in the Quran and the Hadiths, and whose violation is deemed in Islam as a crime against God, and requires a fixed punishment. Hadd crimes include theft, illicit sexual relations or rape, making unproven accusations of illicit sex, drinking intoxicants like alcohol, apostasy, and highway robbery.
 * Qisas, (literally "retaliation in kind" ) and diya, (دية) ("blood money"), in Islamic jurisprudence, are the second category of crimes, where Sharia specifies equal retaliation (qisas) or monetary compensation (diya ), as a possible punishment. Included in this category is homicide, for example, which Islamic law treats as a civil dispute between believers. Qisas principle is available against the accused, to the victim or victim's heirs, when a Muslim is murdered, suffers bodily injury or suffers property damage. In the case of murder, qisas means the right of a murder victim's nearest relative or wali (ولي) (legal guardian) to, if the court approves, take the life of the killer or do it in his behalf.
 * Tazir (literally "to punish", sometimes spelled as taazir, ti'zar, tazar, ta'azar) is the third category, and refers to offense mentioned in the Quran or the Hadiths, but where neither the Quran nor the Hadiths specify a punishment. In Tazir cases, the punishment is at the discretion of the state, the ruler, or a qadi (kadi), or court acting on behalf of the ruler. Tazir punishment is for actions which are considered sinful in Islam, undermine the Muslim community, or threaten public order during Islamic rule, but those that are not punishable as hadd or qisas crimes. The legal restrictions on the exercise of that power are not specified in the Quran or the Hadiths, and vary. The judge enjoys considerable leeway in deciding an appropriate form of punishment, and the punishment does not have to be consistent across the accused persons or over time.   The ruler or qadi also has the discretion to forgive tazir offenses.

Scripture
The word tazir is not used in the Quran or the Hadith, in the sense that modern Islamic criminal law uses it. However, in several verses of the Quran, crimes are identified, punishment of the accused indicated, but no specific punishment is described. These instances led early Islamic scholars to interpret the Quran as requiring discretionary punishment of certain offenses, namely Tazir. Example specific verses from the Quran that support taazir are,

Examples of Tazir offenses
Tazir offenses are broadly grouped into two sub-categories in Islamic literature. The first are those offenses that have the same nature but do not exactly meet the complete requirements of hudud crimes. Examples of such Tazir offenses include thefts among relatives, or attempted but unsuccessful robbery, fornication that does not include penetration, and homosexual contacts such as kissing that does not result in fornication. The second sub-category of Tazir offenses relate to offenses committed by an individual that violate the behavior demanded in the Quran and the Hadiths. Examples of the second sub-category include false testimony, loaning money or any property to another person for interest in addition to principal, any acts that threaten or damage the public order or Muslim community or Islam.

The fourteenth century Islamic jurist Ibn Taymiyyah included any form of disobedience as a Tazir offense, although his views were not accepted widely and listed several examples where there is no legal penalty in Sharia:
 * 1) the man who kisses a boy or a woman unrelated to him by marriage or a very near kinship;
 * 2) the man who flirts without fornication;
 * 3) the man who eats a forbidden thing like blood, or dead animal which suffers natural death, or meat that is slaughtered in an unlawful manner;
 * 4) the man who steals a thing lying in open or one whose value is unclear;
 * 5) the man who debases the commodities such as foodstuffs and clothes, or who gives short measure of capacity or weight;
 * 6) the man who bears false witness or encourages others to bear false witness;
 * 7) the judge who judges contrary to what Allah has enjoined;
 * 8) the non-Muslim or Muslim engaged in espionage;
 * 9) the man who questions Qadi's opinion or challenges the views of other Muslims;

Numerous other offenses are included in Tazir category.

Tazir punishments
Tazir punishments were common in Sharia courts. Punishments vary with the nature of crime and include a prison term, flogging, a fine, banishment, and seizure of property. The sixteenth-century Egyptian jurist Ibn Nujaym said that taʿzīr could consist of lashing, slapping, rubbing the ears, a stern telling-off, disparagement short of slander, or an angry look from the judge. Execution is allowed in cases such as practices which split the Muslim community, espionage on behalf of an enemy of the Muslim state. All four schools of fiqh (Madhhab), namely Hanafi, Maliki, Shafii and Hanbali, permit the death penalty at the discretion of the state or Qadi, for certain Tazir offenses if it is proven by at two least witnesses or a self confession.
 * Contemporary application

Brunei introduced Tazir into its Syariah Penal Code Order effective 2014. Tazir crimes in Brunei now include offenses such as failing to perform Friday prayers by anyone above 15 years old, any Muslim disrespecting the month of Ramadan, and khalwat (dating or any form of close proximity between unrelated members of opposite sex).

Iran introduced Tazir into its legal code after the 1979 Revolution, naming the section as Qanon-e Tazir. These Tazir laws allow prosecution of offenses such as illicit kissing, failing to wear proper head dress such as hejab, and making critical statements against judges and members of the Council of Guardians.

title: Tazir


text:
Jenny Willott

Jennifer Nancy Willott OBE (born 29 May 1974) is a British politician. She was the Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament for Cardiff Central from 2005 to 2015. Willott became a junior minister in the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and Government Equalities Office in December 2013, temporarily standing in for Jo Swinson while Swinson was on maternity leave. She was the first woman and first Liberal Democrat to represent her seat. Willott was a councillor in the London Borough of Merton from 1998 to 2000.

Education
Willott was born in Wimbledon, London. She was educated at Uppingham School, studied Classics at St Mary's College, Durham University, and attended the London School of Economics, obtaining an MSc in Development Studies.

Political career
After university, Willott was chief researcher for Lembit Opik, Liberal Democrat MP for Montgomeryshire.

Willott's 2005 campaign was closely linked to specific local and national issues and her support was widespread across all wards.

In her maiden speech, Willott pledged to "make Cardiff proud" and celebrated the cultural diversity of her constituency. She declared her priorities in parliament would be local health services, tuition and top-up fees, and council tax. She supported Sir Menzies Campbell in the leadership election in 2006, and was later appointed Shadow Minister for Youth Affairs, Whip, and Deputy Chief Whip.

In 2008 she was appointed as Shadow Minister for Justice and later Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions. In January 2009 she was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

In December 2010 she resigned her post as parliamentary aide to Chris Huhne shortly before a vote to increase tuition fees as recommended by the Browne Review, to keep her pledge to constituents that she would vote against any increase in fees.

In a mini-reshuffle of the Coalition Government on 3 February 2012 caused by Huhne's prosecution and subsequent resignation, Willott was appointed an Assistant Whip.

In May 2014 Willott complained about the hostile atmosphere of Prime Minister's Questions and the low number of female ministers. She called for all-female shortlists for MPs, something which was not Liberal Democrat party policy. In 2014, she left the Government but was appointed to the Privy Council by David Cameron. In 2015, she lost her seat in the House of Commons to the Labour Party's Jo Stevens.

Controversy
Willott was subject to criticism from rival political parties and the media in the wake of the expenses scandal, as it emerged she claimed more in expenses and administration costs than any other Welsh MP. Her expenses and office costs were £57,000 in a year, including claims for a new flat and costs of moving offices in central Cardiff.

Willott also came under some pressure from political opponents over her support for the bedroom tax. A protest outside her Cardiff office about the issue led to her not going in to her office on that day.

After Parliament
She is currently Chief Executive Officer for Re-engage - the charity for reducing loneliness in later life.

Willott worked as The Director of Enterprise and Innovation at St Mary’s University, Twickenham. She is also a member of IPSAs board.

She was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2018 Birthday Honours, for political and public service.

Personal life
Willott is married to Andrew Poole and they have two children; the birth of her second child in February 2013 notably necessitated her absence from a vote on the Marriage (Same-Sex Couples) Bill.

title: Jenny Willott


text: Category:Coney Hatch albums

title: Category:Coney Hatch albums


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aerosmith Daily Update

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete (all keeps from anons/sockpuppets) CDC   (talk)  18:34, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Aerosmith Daily Update
Vanity about some guy and his blog. [ +t,  +c  ] 08:02, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, blog vanity. --bainer (talk) 08:33, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, blog promo. Megan1967 09:58, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity--Sophitus 10:29, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Promo. No relevant Google hits. And as of now, the article currently does not list the most important fact of all (And no, I am not going to say it here) Zzyzx11 (Talk) 10:56, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, despite the linguistically intriguing and rare appearance of the verb to hate on. Is this Spanish influence? --Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:07, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, This is neither a blog nor a personal promo. While this might need to be more descriptive, it is an accurate description of an aerosmith related mailing list that has grown exponentially in the MPLS/St. Paul area. It is a cultural event. --B2theory (Note: This vote is by ; user's first edit.)
 * Keep, This is a real mailing list that started as a joke between a few college roommates and some co-workers. Somehow it has blossomed (the list has grown by a factor of 7) into a much anticipated event occuring 2 times a week.  (hence the question why is it called the Aerosmith DAILY Update)  The ADU is well known for its Aero knowledge and excellent humor.  I am quite sure Mr. Johnson does not have a blog nor is he interested in starting one, therefore this cannot be considered a blog promo --Centaur118 (Note: This vote is by ; user's seventh edit.)
 * Keep, I happen to be a member on the ADU list and hold the title of VP of records and misc other tasks. My involvement in Wikipedia is comical as I am an important VP and have little time for other tasks such as this. The entry is not self-promotion as another person on the ADU list wrote the entry.  Nor, does the author "Andy Johnson" have a blog, nor would he ever start blog.  In fact, he is the kind of guy/rocker that would beat-up anyone bragging about their blog. Please feel free to email me at WLSTIPE3@hotmail.com if you wish to receive a word doc. containing all 62 back issues of the ADU.--WLSTIPE

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Worlds of Ultima: The Savage Empire

Worlds of Ultima: The Savage Empire is a role-playing video game, part in the Ultima series, published in 1990. It is considered a Worlds of Ultima game, as its setting differs from that of the main series. It uses the same engine as Ultima VI: The False Prophet and Martian Dreams. On June 18, 2012, Electronic Arts released the game as freeware through GOG.com.

Story
After the events in Ultima VI, the Avatar is transported by a friend's failed experiment with an obsidian "moonstone" to the otherworldly Valley of Eodon, a large jungle-like world filled with various tribes. These tribes have been magically drawn from varying periods and locations in history, such as the aboriginal nations of Mesoamerica and tropical Africa. The valley of Eodon is actually on Earth, but it is inaccessible and unmappable.

At the time of the arrival of the Avatar, the place is under attack from the insect-like Myrmidex. The Avatar needs to understand and master some aspects of their stone-age tribal culture and their "jungle magic" to find a way to bring peace to the valley. The main plot involves getting all thirteen tribes to join in an alliance against the Myrmidex. Each tribe has its own demands before joining, ranging from defeating a Tyrannosaurus rex to recovering their holy statue. This mixture of worlds was created by a huge corrupted moonstone that the Myrmidex possess, which has to be destroyed to prevent it collapsing in instability.

The player commands the Avatar and a party generally consisting of up to four other characters. However, two set events in the game add a character to the party even if this limit has been reached, resulting in a maximum party size of seven characters.

Release
Origin sold a special edition of the game autographed by Lord British. It came with a hint book and T-shirt.

A port of Savage Empire was released in Japan for the Super Famicom, using the game engine from the Super NES version of Ultima VII. The game was localized and planned for a North American release, but that was eventually cancelled.

Personal computer version
Dennis Owens reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "compared to any except its own brothers and sisters, The Savage Empire, despite its niggling problems (which show only because of the brilliance with which the entire line shines), must be considered dazzling and successful. Compared to its peers, however, the game presents what may be a disturbing view of a possible trend in the Ultima line: caricature."

Computer Gaming World described Savage Empire as "not too difficult, but occasionally tricky. Good for filling in the hours while you wait for the next real Ultima". The editors of Game Player's PC Strategy Guide presented the game with their 1990 "Best PC Fantasy Role-Playing Game" award. They wrote, "Lushly beautiful graphics, coupled with a fine role-playing interface, evoke those great old 'lost world' tales from the heyday of the pulp magazines."

Super Famicom version
On release, Famicom Tsūshin gave the Super Famicom version of the game a score of 23 out of 40. GamePro gave it a negative review, citing crude graphics, sparse sound effects, confusing menus, and the trial-and-error involved in combining objects, as well as "the long-winded conversations, confusing subplots, and annoying characters who pop up for seemingly no reason at all." Mike Weigand of Electronic Gaming Monthly stated "These PC-RPG conversions never really did it for me and Savage Empire is no exception. The action here is slow and definitely geared more toward strategy-oriented game players."

title: Worlds of Ultima: The Savage Empire


text: User talk:212.113.164.104

title: User talk:212.113.164.104


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River Elegy

River Elegy is an influential  six-part documentary by Wang Luxiang, and co-written by Su Xiaokang, shown on China Central Television on June 16, 1988, which portrays the decline of traditional Chinese culture.

Synopsis
The film asserts that the Ming dynasty's ban on maritime activities is comparable to the building of the Great Wall by China's first emperor Ying Zheng. China's land-based civilization was defeated by maritime civilizations backed by modern sciences, and was further challenged with the problem of life and death ever since the latter half of the 19th century, landmarked by the Opium War. Using the analogy of the Yellow River, China was portrayed as once at the forefront of civilization, but subsequently dried up due to isolation and conservatism. Rather, the revival of China must come from the flowing blue seas which represent the explorative, open cultures of the West and Japan. Authors also cite several narratives to make arguments, including the "oriental despotism" and the "hydraulic empire" from Karl August Wittfogel, "Eurocentrism" from Hegel, as well as the "decline of Chinese civilization and remaining of Western civilization" from Arnold J. Toynbee.

Controversy
River Elegy has caused immense controversy in mainland China due to its negative portrayal of Chinese culture. Rob Gifford, a National Public Radio journalist, said that the film used images and interviews to state that the concept of "the Chinese being a wonderful ancient people with a wonderful ancient culture was a big sham, and that the entire population needed to change." Gifford said that the film's most significant point was its attack on the Yellow River, a river which was a significant element of China's historical development and which symbolizes ancient Chinese culture. Using the ancient Chinese saying that "a dipperful of Yellow River water is seven-tenths mud," the authors of the film use the river's silt and sediment as a metaphor for Confucian traditions and the significance of the traditions which the authors believe caused China to stagnate. The authors hoped that Chinese traditional culture would end and be replaced by a more modernized and open culture. The film symbolizes Chinese thinking with the "yellowness" of the Yellow River and Western thinking with the "blueness" of the ocean. The film also criticized the Great Wall, saying that it "can only represent an isolationist, conservative, and incompetent defense," the imperial dragon on the Great Wall, calling it "cruel and violent," and other Chinese symbols. The ending of River Elegy symbolized the authors' dreams with the idea of the waters of the Yellow River emptying out of the river and mixing with the ocean. Gifford said that River Elegy reveals the thoughts of young intellectuals post-Mao Zedong and pre-Tiananmen Square protests and the freedoms that appeared around 1988. Rana Mitter, Professor of the History and Politics of Modern China in Oxford University has suggested the series was perhaps the most influential TV series of all time given how it introduced critical views of China to such a large audience.

Gifford said that the film did not openly criticize the Chinese Communist Party. Instead, it contained "not-so-subtle" attacks on Chinese imperial traditions that therefore would also criticize the contemporary political system. Conservatives in mainland China attacked the film.

After the events of Tiananmen Square Protests, some staff members of River Elegy were arrested and others fled Mainland China. Two of the main writers who escaped to the United States became evangelical Christians.

Reactions and debates
River Elegy (Heshang) aroused immediate debates and great controversy among intellectual circles, the Party's top leadership, and even the overseas Chinese community after its first broadcast in June 1988. On 11 June 1988, Chinese Central Television (CCTV) started airing the six-part documentary series, and soon after, the People's Daily published the scripts of the film. After the first show, Heshang stirred up fierce debates among university students and intellectuals. Many journals and universities organized several seminars including the "Heshang Month" in Wuhan and the "Heshang week" in Tianjin to discuss the series and its content, which was called the "Heshang Phenomenon" (Heshang xianxiang). In the beginning, debates mainly focused on the cultural significance of the film, and most audience comments were very positive. Many viewers regarded Heshang as the "beginning of a new Chinese TV culture" that was innovative in its artistic expression and cultural analysis. Since 1978, intellectuals had discussed and debated about the influence of Chinese culture and traditions on the future development of the country. Such debate, however, was limited to the scholarly sphere. Some audiences thus praised Heshang for its attempt to introduce the scholarly discussion about the impact of Chinese traditional culture to the public. More importantly, they considered the film the first Chinese documentary that dared to criticize the "backwardness" of Chinese traditional culture and social problems at the time.

Official attention
Political controversy about Heshang arose and attracted attention from the Party's top leadership when a university president phoned Hu Qili, a pro-reform officer who was a member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo and the Central Secretariat, and warned him that the series might stir up student unrest. Hu immediately contacted the minister of Radio, Film, and Television, requesting that he re-evaluate the series. Meanwhile, Zhao Ziyang, Yang Shangkun, Deng Pufang (Deng Xiaoping's son) and some other Politburo members privately screened Heshang. While Zhao and Deng had supportive attitudes toward the film, a few members of the Politburo were offended by Heshang's harsh criticism of Chinese traditions and the Party's policies since 1978, as well as its attack on Leninist theories. Confused by the divided opinions expressed from the top leadership, CCTV held internal meetings to discuss whether it should terminate broadcasting Heshang, but it did not reach a decision until the series was completely broadcast.

August 1988 revised version
Heshang was so popular that many audiences requested a repeat of the show after its first run. Given that the documentary had aroused much tension among the Party's top leaders, the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television ordered CCTV to revise the original version of the film before it could be broadcast again. In the repeat version, politically sensitive contents were either removed or toned down. The deleted contents included the film's supportive attitude toward the 1986 student demonstrations and its call for the government to establish dialogue with Chinese citizens; criticism against government corruption, inflation and the CCP's ignorance of the mentally and economically impoverished situation of Chinese intellectuals; as well as criticism against the CCP's policies and its mismanagement that caused such "man-made disasters" as the 1987 great forest fires in Daxing'anling, and the 1988 Shanghai hepatitis epidemic. The revised Heshang was aired in August 1988 and triggered even greater debates. At the Third Plenum of the 13th Central Committee, Wang Zhen, the then vice president, fiercely attacked Heshang by giving a long speech to criticize its "counter-revolutionary" contents. Wang insisted the film not only posed "vicious vilification" toward Chinese people, but it was also "anti-Party and anti-socialism." Wang also criticized the "blue sea civilization" that was promoted in the film as "bandit civilization and bandit logic." While some party leaders supported Wang's view, Zhao Ziyang, backed up by Yang Shangkun, argued that artistic work like Heshang conveyed cultural rather than political implications, so it should not be discussed at a political meeting. The debates between the two sides continued after the conference, until Zhao Ziyang was forced to issue two principles in dealing with the Heshang controversy. The principles urged the Party to allow the public debates without taking an official stand on the documentary, and stressed that any Party leaders' personal opinions toward the documentary did not represent the viewpoint of the Party as a whole.

Intellectual debates
The debates about Heshang were also carried on among intellectuals. Two major liberal newspapers, the Science and Technology Daily of Beijing and the World Economic Herald of Shanghai, sponsored a symposium to discuss issues raised in Heshang. Positive comments mainly praised the film as a courageous work that called for the Chinese to re-examine their traditional culture in order to get rid of the ideological obstacles that hindered the nation's further development. Some intellectuals such as Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao, the Nobel-Prize winners, criticized the film by pointing out that "a person [who] denies its own culture does not have a future." In addition, criticism against Heshang stressed that the film was biased and it only represented the "elitist grumblings" (gaoji laosao). For instance, the film wrongfully employed western criteria to judge China's social realities and attributed the country's current problems to the backwardness of its traditional culture. It also regarded the Great Wall, the Yellow River and the Chinese dragon as isolated symbols that represented conservativeness of Chinese traditional culture in comparison with the blue sea that symbolized the superiority of western civilization. In response to the criticism, Yuan Zhiming, the co-author of the sixth part of the documentary, argued that Heshang was not a scholarly work but rather a type of cultural product that aimed to call for Chinese people to "think about the historical heritage standing in the way of modernization". He emphasized that opening policy could not be successfully implemented, if China merely promoted economic openness without learning from western ideas and embracing cultural pluralism.

Debates in Taiwan and Hong Kong
In Taiwan and Hong Kong, newspapers and TV program reported the "Heshang fever" debates in P.R.China. People who held positive opinions toward Heshang shared the same standpoints with the ones in mainland China, whereas others criticized the film's "arbitrary" attack on Chinese traditional culture and Confucianism. Some Taiwanese believed that the documentary was wrong to blame China's backwardness on Confucianism. They argued that the Communist regime and its policies, rather than Confucianism, hindered the development of the nation's modernization. For instance, critics said that Taiwan had achieved rapid development by successfully combining Confucianism with western democratic ideas.

After June 4, 1989
After the CCP's crackdown on the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, the Party criticized Heshang as one of the anti-communist work that mistakenly advocated bourgeoisie-liberal ideologies and provoked student unrest. It also launched intense nationwide media attacks against the series. During a CCTV self-criticism meeting that was broadcast on the evening news across China after the June 4 crackdown, Hong Mingsheng, the vice director of Chinese Central Television, said that "River Elegy was a propaganda coup for bourgeois liberalization [...], it provided theoretical and emotional preparation for the recent turmoil and rebellion."

title: River Elegy


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Leaders of Hereroland

During part of the South African apartheid administration in South West Africa, when Hereroland was a bantustan (a designated area for Herero people settlement), a political representative was appointed by the South African Administration. At first, this position was given to the respective Paramount Chief of the Herero people until in 1980, political representation was decoupled from chieftaincy. The position of the representative of Hereroland was abolished in May 1989 as part of the transition to Namibian independence which was declared in March 1990.

Political chief representatives of Hereroland
Hereroland was declared in 1968, along with other bantustans in South West Africa. Self–governance of Hereroland was granted on 26 Jul 1970, which lasted until May 1989. The chair of the Executive Committee of Hereroland was occupied by:
 * Hosea Kutako (2 October 1968 to July 1970)
 * Clemens Kapuuo (July 1970 to 27 March 1978)
 * Kuaima Riruako (7 June 1978 to 5 December 1980)
 * Thimoteus Tjamuaha (5 December 1980 to September 1984)
 * Erastus Tjejamba (August 1987 to October 1987 and October 1987 to February 1988)
 * Gottlob Mbaukua (September 1984 to August 1987 and February 1988 to May 1989)

title: Leaders of Hereroland


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User:Kevin Baas/duties of the president

It is useful to note three major presidential duties of broad scope that are explicity recited in the Constitution: "to take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed," to "faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States" and to "preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States" to the best of his ability. The first is directly imposed by the Constitution; the second and third are included in the constitutionally prescribed oath that the President is required to take before he enters upon the execution of his office and are, therefore, also expressly imposed by the Constitution.

The duty to take care is affirmative. So is the duty faithfully to execute the office. A President must carry out the obligations of his office diligently and in good faith. The elective character and political role of a President make it difficult to define faithful exercise of his powers in the abstract. A President must make policy and exercise discretion. This discretion necessarily is broad, especially in emergency situations, but the constitutional duties of a President impose limitations on its exercise.

The "take care" duty emphasizes the responsibility of a President for the overall conduct of the executive branch, which the Constitution vests in him alone. He must take care that the executive is so organized and operated that this duty is performed.

title: User:Kevin Baas/duties of the president


text: Category:Financial secretaries of Hong Kong


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Category:French record labels

This is a list of record labels from France.

See List of record labels, music of France, French rock, French hip hop

title: Category:French record labels


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Sugar Cane Method

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete Zzyzx11 (Talk) 00:03, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The Sugar Cane Method
Another original research opionion/advice piece that is unverifiable for me. Delete. Lupo 08:08, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, sickly sweet self-help original research. --bainer (talk) 08:32, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete to fight tooth decay. Quale 15:27, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Yuck.  Frjwoolley 15:35, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Ultima: Worlds of Adventure 2: Martian Dreams

Ultima: Worlds of Adventure 2: Martian Dreams is a role-playing video game, part of the Ultima series, published in 1991, and re-released for Windows and Mac OS via GOG.com in 2012. It uses the same engine as Ultima VI: The False Prophet, as did Worlds of Ultima: The Savage Empire.

Story
After the events in the Worlds of Ultima: The Savage Empire, the Avatar is visited by a strange red-haired woman who gives a book to him and his friend Dr. Spector. The book will be written by Spector himself, and explains how to use the Orb of the Moons to travel through time. Following instructions, the duo ends up in the Victorian Era, where Percival Lowell has set up a space cannon that will launch some volunteers to Mars.

Through an act of sabotage, the cannon is fired during the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, with several dozen famous people and leaders of the time on board. A second cannon is prepared to find and recover the people in the first, who are stranded on Mars.

It turns out that Mars had an extensive civilization based on plants. Most monsters the player encounters are so-called "plantimals", such as the Jumping Bean and the Planther. Mars has cities and canals, although the civilization is in ruins, so the player's first tasks are restoring the world power station, and melting enough of the polar caps (with a solar lens) to fill the canals.

Some of the people appear to have gone insane after using a device called the Dream Machine. What in fact happened was that, after massive soil poisoning, the original Martians had gone into a sort of alternate dimension called "dreamspace" to preserve themselves. Those people using the Dream Machine found themselves trapped in dreamspace, while the Martians took over their bodies. A large part of the game is spent visiting various people's nightmares and clearing them up.

Eventually, robotic bodies can be created for the Martians, since their plantamal bodies will not grow. After a showdown with the evil Raxachk, who caused the soil pollution in the first place, all Victorians can once more go home.

Reception
Computer Gaming Worlds Scorpia in 1991 liked Martian Dreamss Victorian setting, but criticized travel as "tedious". The magazine stated that the game was really an adventure pretending to be an RPG, with combat almost completely disassociated from the story, and concluded that it would most appeal to those who prefer other activities to fighting. Peter Olafson was more positive, calling it "an epic adventure ... that has all the depth and complexity of the Ultima series" while accessible to new adventurers. A review by Scorpia in 1993 was also positive, approving of the storyline. She concluded that "the game requires patience and careful attention to detail, but is otherwise enjoyable".