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John Stiles

John Stiles was born and raised in the Annapolis Valley in Nova Scotia, Canada. He is the author of the poetry collections Scouts are Cancelled and Creamsicle Stick Shivs, as well as the novels The Insolent Boy and Taking the Stairs. Featured on CBC's 'Q', Much Music, and TVO's 'Imprint', Stiles has also written for The Globe and Mail and The Literary Review of Canada. A documentary about Stiles and his poems in Scouts are Cancelled was festival pick in the Hot Docs festival in Toronto 2007 and won best Canadian documentary award in The Atlantic Film Festival in September 2007. Stiles lives with his wife in London, England.

Poetry

 * Creamsicle Stick Shivs, (Insomniac Press, 2006)
 * Scouts are Cancelled, (Insomniac Press, 2002)

Novels

 * Taking the Stairs, (Nightwood Editions, 2008)
 * The Insolent Boy, (Insomniac Press, 2001)

Anthologies

 * Poet's Quest for God: 21st Century poems of faith doubt and wonder (Eyewear, UK, 2016)
 * Outside Voices 2008 Anthology of Younger Poets (Outside Voices, 2008)
 * ''Babylon Burning: 9/11 Five Years On (nthposition UK, 2006)
 * New American Writing (Oink! Press, USA, 2005)
 * Doom, Desire and Vice, (Wingate Press, CANADA, 2005)
 * The I.V. Lounge Reader, (Insomniac Press, CANADA, 2001)

Film
Scouts are Cancelled

the smalls...er whatever

title: John Stiles


text:
Collex-Bossy

Collex-Bossy is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.

History
Both Collex and Bossy were first mentioned in 1258. Collex was called Coliacum while Bossy was Bocium.

Between 1790-1855 the municipality also included the village of Bellevue.

In 1911, shortly after the invention of powered aircraft, one of Switzerland's first aerodromes was founded in Collex-Bossy. It featured grass runways and hangars, but was already abandoned a couple of years later. In 1919, the great council of the canton of Geneva chose the site for the construction of a modern airport. However, it soon opted for the nearby area of Cointrin instead, since some land-owners demanded high prices and lengthy court cases were expected for possible expropriations.

Geography
Collex-Bossy has an area,, of 6.89 km2. Of this area, 4.42 km2 or 64.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.71 km2 or 24.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.7 km2 or 10.2% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km2 or 0.3% is either rivers or lakes and 0.01 km2 or 0.1% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 4.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.3%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.5%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 44.3% is used for growing crops and 10.7% is pastures, while 9.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located on the right bank of the Versoix river and along the French border. It consists of the villages of Collex and Bossy. The municipality of Collex-Bossy consists of the sub-sections or villages of Bossy, La Rosière, La Bâtie, La Foretaille and Collex.

Demographics
Collex-Bossy has a population of. , 28.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 28.4%. It has changed at a rate of 20.5% due to migration and at a rate of 8.2% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (1,023 or 80.0%), with English being second most common (121 or 9.5%) and German being third (42 or 3.3%). There are 3 people who speak Romansh.

, the gender distribution of the population was 49.4% male and 50.6% female. The population was made up of 575 Swiss men (34.2% of the population) and 256 (15.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 599 Swiss women (35.6%) and 251 (14.9%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 213 or about 16.7% were born in Collex-Bossy and lived there in 2000. There were 427 or 33.4% who were born in the same canton, while 200 or 15.6% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 347 or 27.1% were born outside of Switzerland.

In there were 16 live births to Swiss citizens and 5 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 3 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 13 while the foreign population increased by 4. There were 5 Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 8 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 11 and the non-Swiss population increased by 20 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.0%.

The age distribution of the population is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 30% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.5% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 8.5%.

, there were 551 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 619 married individuals, 40 widows or widowers and 69 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 456 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.6 persons per household. There were 113 households that consist of only one person and 43 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 474 households that answered this question, 23.8% were households made up of just one person and there was 1 adult who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 116 married couples without children, 193 married couples with children There were 27 single parents with a child or children. There were 6 households that were made up of unrelated people and 18 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 213 single family homes (or 66.4% of the total) out of a total of 321 inhabited buildings. There were 56 multi-family buildings (17.4%), along with 38 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (11.8%) and 14 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (4.4%). Of the single family homes 51 were built before 1919, while 26 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (71) were built between 1981 and 1990.

there were 538 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 149. There were 12 single room apartments and 231 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 430 apartments (79.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 95 apartments (17.7%) were seasonally occupied and 13 apartments (2.4%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 21.51% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the LPS Party (17.71%), the Green Party (16.56%) and the CVP (13.93%). In the federal election, a total of 463 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 55.1%.

In the 2009 Grand Conseil election, there were a total of 862 registered voters of which 382 (44.3%) voted. The most popular party in the municipality for this election was the Libéral with 20.3% of the ballots. In the canton-wide election they received the highest proportion of votes. The second most popular party was the MCG (with 17.9%), they were third in the canton-wide election, while the third most popular party was the PDC (with 16.0%), they were fifth in the canton-wide election.

For the 2009 Conseil d'État election, there were a total of 853 registered voters of which 465 (54.5%) voted.

In 2011, all the municipalities held local elections, and in Collex-Bossy there were 15 spots open on the municipal council. There were a total of 1,001 registered voters of which 491 (49.1%) voted. Out of the 491 votes, there were 5 blank votes, 4 null or unreadable votes and 66 votes with a name that was not on the list.

Economy
, Collex-Bossy had an unemployment rate of 2.2%. , there were 43 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 15 businesses involved in this sector. 16 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 8 businesses in this sector. 107 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 27 businesses in this sector. There were 650 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.5% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 138. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 34, of which 32 were in agriculture and 2 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 15 of which 3 or (20.0%) were in manufacturing and 10 (66.7%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 89. In the tertiary sector; 34 or 38.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 4 or 4.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 14 or 15.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 2.2% were in the information industry, 6 or 6.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 18 or 20.2% were in education and 1 was in health care.

, there were 73 workers who commuted into the municipality and 547 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 7.5 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 12.3% of the workforce coming into Collex-Bossy are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.2% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 11.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 71.8% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 465 or 36.4% were Roman Catholic, while 326 or 25.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 8 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.63% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 18 individuals (or about 1.41% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish, and 10 (or about 0.78% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Buddhist and 1 individual who belonged to another church. 302 (or about 23.61% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 146 individuals (or about 11.42% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Collex-Bossy about 386 or (30.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 311 or (24.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 311 who completed tertiary schooling, 38.9% were Swiss men, 30.9% were Swiss women, 16.1% were non-Swiss men and 14.1% were non-Swiss women.

During the 2009-2010 school year there were a total of 374 students in the Collex-Bossy school system. The education system in the Canton of Geneva allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there were 38 children who were in a pre-kindergarten class. The canton's school system provides two years of non-mandatory kindergarten and requires students to attend six years of primary school, with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes. In Collex-Bossy there were 46 students in kindergarten or primary school and 6 students were in the special, smaller classes. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. There were 46 lower secondary students who attended school in Collex-Bossy. There were 73 upper secondary students from the municipality along with 15 students who were in a professional, non-university track program. An additional 61 students attended a private school.

, there were 14 students in Collex-Bossy who came from another municipality, while 163 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Collex-Bossy


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Talk:Simply typed lambda

Please delete this page - I created it by accident. --Thorsten 11:01, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Simply typed lambda


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Ike Clanton

Joseph Isaac Clanton (c.1847 – June 1, 1887) was a member of a loose association of outlaws known as The Cowboys who clashed with lawmen Wyatt, Virgil and Morgan Earp as well as Doc Holliday. On October 26, 1881, Clanton was present at the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in the boomtown of Tombstone, Arizona Territory but was unarmed and ran from the gunfight, in which his 19-year-old brother Billy was killed.

Clanton filed murder charges against the Earps and Holliday but after a 30-day preliminary hearing, Justice Wells Spicer ruled that the lawmen had acted within their lawful duty. Clanton was implicated in the attempted assassination of Virgil Earp on December 30, 1881, but other Cowboys provided an alibi and he was released. Six years later Clanton was killed attempting to flee when he was shot by a lawman seeking to arrest him for cattle-rustling.

Early life
Born in Callaway County, Missouri, Joseph Isaac "Ike" Clanton was one of seven children of Newman Haynes Clanton (1816–1881) and his wife Mariah Sexton (Kelso) Clanton. His father worked at times as a day laborer, a gold miner, a farmer, and by the late 1870s, a cattleman in Arizona Territory.

Clanton's mother died in 1866. Ike stayed with the family when they moved to Tombstone, Arizona Territory, around 1877 (before Tombstone became a town or even a mining center). At that time, Newman Clanton was living with his sons Phin (or "Fin"), Ike, and Billy. By 1878 Ike was running a small "lunch counter" at the Tombstone Mill site (now Millville on the San Pedro River—not in modern Tombstone). By 1881, however, he was working on his father's ranch at Lewis Springs, about 12 mi west of Tombstone and 5 mi from Charleston.

The Clantons and their ranch hands and associates were known as the "Cowboys", and they had a reputation for reckless behavior. They were accused of cattle rustling from across the U.S.–Mexican border, as well as other acts of banditry and murder.

Notoriety, clashes with the Earp lawmen
Clanton's notoriety is based largely on his conflict with Wyatt Earp and Wyatt's friend Doc Holliday. The Earps and the Clantons had political, personal, and legal differences and the animosity between them grew throughout 1881. The Cowboys supported incumbent Sheriff Charles Shibell while the Earps supported his opponent Bob Paul in the November 1880 election. Clanton repeatedly boasted in public, drank heavily, and had a quick temper. He was well known for talking too much.

In November 1879, shortly after arriving in Tombstone, Earp had a horse stolen. More than a year later, probably sometime in December 1880, Earp was told the horse was being used near Charleston, and Wyatt and Holliday were forced to ride to the Clanton's ranch near Charleston to await ownership papers in order to legally recover it. According to Wyatt's testimony later, 18-year-old Billy Clanton asked him insolently if he had any more horses to "lose," but he gave the horse up without first being shown the ownership papers, demonstrating to Wyatt that Billy Clanton knew to whom the horse belonged. Sheriff Johnny Behan later testified that the incident had angered Ike Clanton. It also angered Earp.

Earp offers Clanton reward money
After he was passed over by Johnny Behan for the position of undersheriff, Earp thought he might beat him in the next Cochise County election. He thought catching the March 15, 1881, robbers of the Benson Stage (in which the driver and a passenger were killed) would help him win the sheriff's office. Earp later said that on June 2, 1881, he offered the Wells, Fargo & Co. reward money and more to Clanton if he would provide information leading to the capture or death of the stage robbers. According to Earp, the plan was foiled when the three suspects, Leonard, Head and Crane, were killed in unrelated incidents.

In the summer of 1881, Clanton got into an argument with gambler "Denny" McCann. On the morning of June 9, 1881, they were drinking in an Allen Street saloon when Clanton insulted McCann. McCann slapped Clanton, who left and fetched his pistol. McCann did the same and the two met on the street in front of the Wells Fargo office. They had already drawn their weapons when Tombstone Marshal Virgil Earp stepped between them, preventing a shooting.

Clanton rustling and ranching
The Clanton Ranch grew into a successful enterprise. During his testimony after the shootout at the O.K. Corral, Clanton claimed to have raised and purchased about 700 head of cattle during the past year, and the Clanton ranch was one of the most profitable cattle ranches in that part of the country. However, the Clantons never registered a brand in either Cochise County or Pima County which was required to legally raise cattle. The Clantons were reputed to be among a group of outlaw Cowboys who crossed the border into Mexico where they stole cattle and re-sold them to the hungry miners in Cochise County. Curly Bill Brocius and Tom and Frank McLaury bought and sold stolen cattle to Old Man Clanton, among others. The Mexican government at the time placed high tariffs on goods transported across the border, making smuggling a profitable enterprise.

The outlaw Cowboys in Cochise County were not organized, and their acts of violence, rustling or robbery were usually committed by independent groups of Cowboys. Newman Haynes Clanton, also known as "Old Man Clanton", Ike's father, ran a ranch near the Mexican border that served as a waystation for much of the smuggling carried out by the outlaws.

On August 12, 1881, Old Man Clanton and six other men were herding stolen cattle sold to him by Curly Bill Brocius through Guadalupe Canyon near the Mexican border. Around dawn, they were ambushed by Mexicans dispatched by Commandant Felipe Neri in the Guadalupe Canyon Massacre. Old Man Clanton and five other men were killed in the ambush.

Gunfight in Tombstone
Clanton had told others that Doc Holliday, Virgil Earp, Wyatt Earp, and Morgan Earp had all confided in him that they had actually been involved in the Benson stage robbery. On October 25, 1881, while Clanton was in Tombstone, drunk and very loud, Holliday accused him of lying about the Benson stagecoach robbery. Tombstone City Marshal Virgil Earp intervened and threatened to arrest both Holliday and Clanton if they did not stop arguing, and Holliday went home.

After the confrontation with Clanton, Wyatt Earp took Holliday back to his boarding house at Camillus Sidney "Buck" Fly's Lodging House to sleep off his drinking, then went home and to bed. Tombstone Marshal Virgil Earp played cards with Clanton, Tom McLaury, Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan and a fifth man (unknown to Clanton and to history), until morning.

At about dawn on October 26, the card game broke up and Behan and Virgil Earp went home to bed. Clanton testified later that he saw Virgil take his six-shooter out of his lap and stick it in his pants when the game ended. Not having rented a room, McLaury and Clanton had no place to go. Shortly after 8:00 am barkeeper E. F. Boyle spoke to Clanton, who had been drinking all night, in front of the telegraph office. Boyle encouraged him to get some sleep, but Clanton insisted he would not go to bed. Boyle later testified he noticed Clanton was armed and covered his gun for him, recalling that Clanton told him "'As soon as the Earps and Doc Holliday showed themselves on the street, the ball would open—that they would have to fight' ... I went down to Wyatt Earp's house and told him that Ike Clanton had threatened that when him and his brothers and Doc Holliday showed themselves on the street that the ball would open." Clanton said in his testimony afterwards that he remembered neither meeting Boyle nor making any such statements that day.

Later in the morning, Clanton picked up his rifle and single-action revolver from the West End Corral, where he had stabled his wagon and team and deposited his weapons after entering town. By noon that day, Clanton, drinking again and armed, told others he was looking for Holliday or an Earp. At about 1:00 pm, Virgil and Morgan Earp surprised Clanton on 4th Street where Virgil pistol whipped him from behind. Disarming him, the Earps took Clanton to appear before Judge Wallace for violating the city's ordinance #9 against carrying firearms in the city. Virgil Earp went to find Judge Wallace so the court hearing could be held."

Clanton reported in his testimony afterward that Wyatt Earp cursed him. He said Wyatt, Virgil, and Morgan Earp offered him his rifle and to fight him right there in the courthouse, which Clanton declined. Clanton also denied ever threatening the Earps. Clanton was fined $25 plus court costs and after paying the fine left unarmed. Virgil Earp told Clanton he would leave Clanton's confiscated rifle and revolver at the Grand Hotel which was favored by Cowboys when in town. Clanton testified that he picked up the weapons from William Soule, the jailer, a couple of days later.

At around 1:30–2:00 pm, after Tom McLaury had been pistol-whipped by Wyatt, Clanton's 19-year-old younger brother Billy Clanton and Tom's older brother Frank McLaury arrived in town. They had heard from their neighbor, Ed Frink, that Clanton had been stirring up trouble in town overnight, and they had ridden into town on horseback to back up their brothers. They arrived from Antelope Springs, 13 mi east of Tombstone, where they had been rounding up livestock with their brothers and had breakfasted with Clanton and Tom McLaury the day before. Both Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton were each armed with a revolver and a rifle, as was the custom for riders in the country outside Tombstone. Apache warriors had engaged the U.S. Army near Tombstone just three weeks before the O.K. Corral gunfight, so the need for weapons outside of town was well established and accepted.

Billy and Frank stopped first at the Grand Hotel on Allen Street, and were greeted by Doc Holliday. They learned immediately after of their brothers' beatings by the Earps within the previous two hours. The incidents had generated a lot of talk in town. Angrily, Frank said he would not drink, and he and Billy left the saloon immediately to seek Tom. By law, both Frank and Billy should have left their firearms at the Grand Hotel. Instead, they remained fully armed. The city statute was not specific about how far a recently arrived visitor might "with good faith, and within reasonable time" travel into town while carrying a firearm. This permitted a traveler to keep his firearms if he was proceeding directly to a livery, hotel or saloon.

A man named Coleman told Virgil that the Cowboys had left the Dunbar and Dexter Stable for the O.K. Corral and were still armed, and Virgil decided they had to disarm them. The three main Tombstone corrals were all west of 4th street, a block or two from where Wyatt saw the Cowboys buying cartridges.

Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan, a friend to the Cowboys, later testified that he first learned of the trouble while he was getting a shave at the barbershop after 1:30 pm, which is when he had risen after the late-night game. Behan stated he immediately went to locate the Cowboys. At about 2:30 pm he saw both Clantons and both McLaurys gathered off Fremont street in a narrow 15 - 20 ft wide empty lot or alley immediately west of 312 Fremont Street, which contained Fly's 12-room boarding house and photography studio. The lot was six lots removed from the rear entrance to the O.K. Corral.

When Virgil Earp learned that Wyatt was talking to the Cowboys at Spangenberg's gun shop he picked up a 10-gauge or 12-gauge, short, double-barreled shotgun from the Wells Fargo office around the corner on Allen Street. To avoid alarming Tombstone's public, Virgil returned to Hafford's Saloon carrying the shotgun under his long overcoat. He gave the shotgun to Doc Holliday who hid it under his overcoat. He took Holliday's walking-stick in return. From Spangenberg's, the Cowboys moved to the O.K. Corral where witnesses overheard them threatening to kill the Earps. They then walked a block north to an empty lot next to C. S. Fly's boarding house where Doc Holliday lived.

Virgil Earp was told by several citizens that the McLaurys and the Clantons had gathered on Fremont Street and were armed. He decided he had to act. Several members of the citizen's vigilance committee offered to support him with arms, but Virgil said no. He had previously deputized Morgan and Wyatt and also deputized Doc Holliday that morning. Wyatt spoke of his brothers Virgil and Morgan as the "marshals" while he acted as "deputy."

Witnesses later testified that Ike Clanton had spent all day, even after his arrest and disarming, threatening to gun down the Earps. However, when the gunfight broke out, Clanton ran forward and grabbed Wyatt, exclaiming that he was unarmed and did not want a fight. To this protest Wyatt said he responded, "Go to fighting or get away!"." Clanton ran through the front door of Fly's boarding house and escaped, unwounded.

In the days before the gunfight, Clanton had enlisted the help of fellow Cowboy Billy Claiborne, who was reputed to be good with a gun. Claiborne, who was also unarmed, fled the gunfight. Tom and Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton were killed.

Files murder charges against Earps
After the gunfight in Tombstone, during which the McLaury brothers and Billy Clanton were killed, Ike Clanton filed murder charges against the Earps and Doc Holliday. They were arrested and released on bail. During a month-long preliminary hearing before Judge Wells Spicer, Clanton told a story of abuse that he had suffered at the hands of the Earps and Holliday the night before the gunfight. He denied having threatened the Earps. He testified that the Clantons and Frank McLaury raised their hands after Virgil's command, and Tom thrust open his vest to show he was unarmed. Clanton said Wyatt shoved his revolver in his belly, telling him, "You son-of-a-bitch, you can have a fight!".

Clanton backed up Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan's testimony that Holliday and Morgan Earp had fired the first two shots and that the next several shots also came from the Earp party. Under cross-examination, Clanton told a story of the lead-up to the gunfight that did not make sense. He said the Benson stage robbery was concocted by the Earps and Holliday to cover up money they had "piped off" to pay bribes. Clanton also claimed that Doc Holliday and Morgan, Wyatt, and Virgil Earp had separately confessed to him their role in the Benson stage holdup, or else the cover-up of the robbery by allowing the robbers' escape.

Clanton proved a better witness for the defense than the prosecution. He said that Doc Holliday, Virgil Earp, Wyatt Earp, and Morgan Earp had all confided in him that they had actually been involved in the stage robbery. He further claimed that Holliday had told him that Holliday had "piped off" money from the stage before it left (although no money was missing, and the stage had not been successfully robbed). Clanton also said Holliday had confessed to him about killing the stage driver. Murder was a capital offense, and given their relationship, it was unlikely Holliday would confide in Clanton. Clanton testified that Earp had threatened to kill his confederates because he feared they would reveal his part in the robbery. Clanton said he feared that Wyatt wanted to kill him because he knew of Wyatt's role. These and other inconsistencies in Clanton's testimony lacked credibility. By the time Clanton finished his testimony, the entire prosecution case had become suspect.

Judge Spicer exonerated the lawmen. In his ruling, he noted that Clanton had the night before, while unarmed, publicly declared that the Earp brothers and Holliday had insulted him, and that when he was armed he intended to shoot them or fight them on sight. On the morning of the shooting Virgil Earp had arrested him for carrying a revolver. At the gunfight, he was unarmed. Spicer noted that Clanton had claimed the Earps were out to murder him, yet on both occasions that day the Earps had not killed him, and allowed him to escape unchallenged during the fight. Spicer wrote, "the great fact, most prominent in the matter, to wit, that Isaac Clanton was not injured at all, and could have been killed first and easiest."

Clanton was later accused, along with his brother, Phin Clanton, and friend Pony Diehl, of attempting to kill Virgil Earp on December 30, 1881, a shooting which left Virgil with a crippled left arm. Though Ike Clanton's hat was found at the scene where the ambushers waited, a number of associates stood up for him, saying that he had been in Contention that night, and the case was dismissed for lack of evidence.

On Saturday, March 18, 1882, Morgan Earp was killed by a shot through a door window facing a dark alley while playing billiards at Hatch's Saloon in Tombstone. Wyatt was shot at and missed. Wyatt Earp concluded that he could not rely on civil justice and decided to take matters into his own hands. He concluded that only way to deal with Morgan's murderers was to kill them.

Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt Earp led a federal posse that escorted Virgil Earp to the railroad, bound for his parents’ home in Colton, California. Wyatt shot and killed Frank Stilwell, who was lying in wait at the Tucson, Arizona, rail yard. A few days later Wyatt gathered a larger posse and set out on a vendetta, determined to mete out justice that had evaded him. Wyatt never located Clanton, although they killed three other outlaw Cowboys, and the Earps and Holliday left the Arizona Territory in late April, 1882.

Later life
After the Gunfight at the OK Corral, the Clantons bought land near a ranch owned by their sister Mary. Phin arrived in June and Ike in August 1882. By 1885, each had a 160-acre ranch 10 miles east of Springerville near the New Mexico border.

By 1885, the Clanton gang included Lee Renfro, G.W. “Kid” Swingle, Longhair Sprague, Billy Evans, and Clanton's brother-in-law, Ebin Stanley. They moved their operations to a ranch they named the Cienega Amarilla, near Springerville, Arizona. On November 6, 1885, local rancher Isaac Ellinger and Pratt Plummer had dinner with the Clanton brothers and Lee Renfro. After the meal, Ike, Renfro, and Ellinger went into a cabin on the Clanton ranch when for unknown reasons Renfro shot and killed Ellinger.

Ellinger's older brother William Ellinger was one of the biggest cattlemen in the West with ranches in several states and territories. William learned that his brother had lived four days, long enough to call the shooting “coldblooded murder.” William and Isaac were members of the Apache County Stock Association and William had a lot of political clout.

On December 25, 1886—Christmas Day—Evans, wanting to see “if a bullet would go through a Mormon,” shot and killed Jim Hale in cold blood. The Clantons had been suspected for some time of rustling cattle, taking stolen livestock from the Springerville area to Clifton and southern Arizona by way of the Blue River down to Eagle Creek.

In April 1887, the Apache County Stock Association met and hired a Pinkerton detective to track down the outlaws. They also hired Jonas "Jake" V. Brighton as a “secret service” officer. Brighton was a constable in Springerville and a range detective.

In April, 1887, Phin Clanton was arrested for rustling and jailed in St. Johns. During May and June 1887, several grand jury indictments were brought against the Clantons and their friends. The indictments included charges of cattle-rustling and murder for the death of Isaac Ellinger.

Brighton pursued Clanton. After three days, he spent the night of May 31, 1887, at Jim "Peg Leg" Wilson's Ranch on Eagle Creek, south of Springerville. The next morning Clanton rode up and Brighton recognized him. Clanton turned his horse to run and drew his rifle from his scabbard. Brighton fired his rifle first, shooting Clanton through the left side, the bullet exiting out the right. Clanton died before he hit the dirt.

A reporter who corresponded with Brighton in late June 1887 relayed Brighton's story about the arrest and shooting:

"The next morning, while they were at breakfast, Ike Clanton came riding up to the front door. Mr. Brighton got up from the table, walked to the door, and was familiarly saluted by him. Just at this time, Mr. Miller stepped to the door, to be ready to render any assistance needed, and when Ike saw him he wheeled his horse and attempted to get under cover of the thick cover which grows close to Wilson's home, at the same time pulling his Winchester from its scabbard. Both Brighton and Miller ordered him to halt but instead of doing so, when about twenty yards distant where the trail took a turn to the left, he threw his rifle over his left arm attempting to fire; at this instance Detective Brighton fired, the ball entering under the left arm and passing directly through the heart and out under the right arm. Ike reeled in his saddle and fell on the right side of his horse, his rifle falling on the left.

Before the fall, Brighton fired a second shot which passed through the cantle of the saddle and grazed Ike's right leg. When Brighton and Miller walked up to where Ike lay they found he was dead. Mr. Wilson, at whose ranch the shooting occurred, notified the nearest neighbors and four men came over and identified the deceased and assisted in giving him as decent a burial as circumstances would admit."

A conflicting source stated that his body was left where it fell for several days until nearby Mormon ranchers buried him in an unmarked grave in the Mormon cemetery southeast of Eagar, Arizona, on what is today called "The 26 Bar Ranch". Some modern writers wonder if Brighton simply used resisting arrest as an excuse to explain his assassination of Clanton.

In late June 1996 a Clanton family descendant, Terry "Ike" Clanton, along with former Citadel professor and grave expert James A. Browning, searched the area near Eagle Creek in what is now Greenlee County, Arizona, where Ike was reportedly buried. They quickly discovered a shallow grave under a large tree that they believe contains the remains of Ike Clanton. Since their discovery, Terry has unsuccessfully tried to interest Tombstone city officials in exhuming the remains and re-interring them in Tombstone's famous Boot Hill graveyard.

Portrayals in film and television
Clanton has been portrayed in a number of films and television series since the 1940s, many of which were highly fictionalized.

Clanton was played by Victor Jory in Tombstone, the Town Too Tough to Die (1942). Clanton was portrayed by Grant Withers in the John Ford classic My Darling Clementine (1946). Lyle Bettger portrayed Clanton as a brutal thug in John Sturges' film Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957). In Sturges' sequel, Hour of the Gun (1967), he is portrayed by Robert Ryan as a sophisticated man. Clanton appears in the Doctor Who story "The Gunfighters" (1966), played by William Hurndell, which is largely based on the Sturges film.

In 1957, Kelo Henderson played Clanton in an episode of Dale Robertson's NBC series, Tales of Wells Fargo. From 1959 to 1960, the actor John Milford portrayed Clanton in eight episodes of the ABC/Desilu television series, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp. He was later replaced in the role by Rayford Barnes. Clanton was played by William Tannen in the episode "After the OK Corral" of the syndicated western anthology series, Death Valley Days.

In the original Star Trek series episode "Spectre of the Gun" (1969), Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner) plays the part of Clanton throughout the episode as part of an alien illusion test. DeForest Kelley (Dr. Leonard McCoy) also played Clanton in an episode of the CBS television series You Are There prior to Star Trek.

Michael Witney played Clanton in Doc (1971). Stephen Lang played Clanton in the movie Tombstone (1993), which draws heavily on the Billy Breakenridge book Helldorado: Bringing the Law to the Mesquite. In the film, Clanton is portrayed as being second-in-command of the Clanton Gang. Jeff Fahey played Clanton in the movie Wyatt Earp (1994), starring Kevin Costner as Wyatt Earp. Christopher Fulford played him in 2007 in the BBC drama-documentary Gunfight at the O.K. Corral.

title: Ike Clanton


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Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania

Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) is a severe debilitating unilateral headache usually affecting the area around the eye. It normally consists of multiple severe, yet short, headache attacks affecting only one side of the cranium. Retrospective surveys indicated that paroxysmal hemicrania was more common in women. However, subsequent prospective research showed an equal prevalence between females and males, with a ratio close to 1:1. Unlike in migraine, it has no neurological symptoms associated with it. CPH headaches are treated through the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with indomethacin found to be especially effective in eliminating symptoms.

Paroxysmal hemicrania is classified by the characteristic (high) frequency and (short) duration of attacks experienced by patients that is somewhat similar to cluster headaches, despite some important differences explained below. Episodic paroxysmal hemicrania attacks occur at least twice a year and last anywhere from seven days to a year with pain free periods of a month or longer separating them. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania attacks occur over the course of more than a year without remission or with remissions lasting less than a month.

Signs and symptoms
Individuals with CPH suffer multiple short, severe headaches a day, often more than five, with most lasting between 5 and 30 minutes each. When compared to cluster headaches, CPH attacks are typically shorter. Each headache is centered around the eye, temple and forehead or the back of the head and is localized to one side of the head. While redness and watering of the eye are associated with CPH, patients typically do not experience nausea or vomiting. Although less common, CPH may also present as severe unilateral ear pain accompanied by autonomic symptoms. Autonomic symptoms may include the presence of red ear syndrome.

Attacks hit the patient many times a day, from 5 times a day up to 40 times a day with an average of 11 a day. Mild background pain can persist between attacks. They come in bouts that last from 7 days to 1 year separated by remission periods that can last more than 3 months in episodic patients, or less than 3 months in chronic patients. Onset is in adulthood and the disorder may last indefinitely or spontaneously go into remission. Circadian mechanisms are likely involved in paroxysmal hemicrania due to its highly cyclic nature. No particular circannual recurrence characterizes symptomatic periods, although some patients can experience a seasonal preponderance.

Causes
The causes of paroxysmal hemicrania are ultimately still unknown. Sympathetic symptoms such as miosis and ptosis might be linked with a generalized sympathetic dysfunction. Neuropathic mechanisms may be involved, since attacks can be triggered by mechanical stimulation. Perivascular neurogenic inflammatory processes can worsen symptoms or increase pain. Dilated blood vessels may contribute in stimulating trigeminal nociceptors directly, although they cannot be the origin of pain, since even suppression of vasodilation does not stop it once it’s started.

Many secondary conditions have been reported to be possible causes of CPH, according to Mehta et al., most of which are arterial abrasions or tumors. These include aneurysms in the circle of Willis, middle cerebral artery infarction, parietal arteriovenous malformation, cavernous sinus and petrous ridge meningiomas, pituitary adenoma, Pancoast tumor, gangliocytoma of the sella turcica, and malignant frontal tumors. This accentuates the urgency for those diagnosed with CPH to receive an MRI head scan.

Diagnosis
CPH is a long-term disease with symptoms lasting for longer than a year, either without remission or with remissions that last less than a month. In order to be diagnosed with CPH, a patient needs to have had at least 20 attacks filling the following criteria:

 * Attacks of severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital, or temporal pain lasting between 2 and 30 minutes.
 * The headache needs to take place with one of the following:
 * Ipsilateral conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation
 * Ipsilateral nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhoea
 * Ipsilateral eyelid oedema
 * Ipsilateral forehead and facial sweating
 * Ipsilateral miosis and/or ptosis
 * Attacks need to occur more than five times a day for more than half of the time, although periods of lower frequency can occur.
 * The symptoms cannot be attributed to another disorder.
 * Attacks can be prevented completely by therapeutic doses of indomethacin.

In addition, diagnosis of CPH requires that neuropathy of the supraorbital area in the temporal branch of the facial nerve be ruled out.

Comparison to cluster headaches
Though outwardly similar to cluster headaches, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania is rather different, and the two headaches are not a subset of one or the other. Key differences include:
 * CPH attacks occur more frequently, but are shorter.
 * CPH affects all over the head
 * Individuals with CPH are far more responsive to indomethacin than individuals with cluster headaches.
 * CPH attacks can be provoked by neck movement.
 * In a study conducted by Sjaastad, heating a patient's body will cause the painful side of the forehead to sweat more in CPH patients, while there will be less sweating on that side for those suffering from cluster headaches.

Treatments
A ten-patient study conducted by Pareja et al. found that all patients diagnosed with CPH were responsive to indomethacin and were able to completely control their symptoms. Doses of the drug ranged from 25 mg per day to 150 mg per day with a median dose of 75 mg per 24-hour period. Almost all cases of CPH respond positively and effectively to indometacin, but as much as 25 percent of patients discontinued use of the drug due to adverse side effects, namely complications in the gastrointestinal tract. According to a case study by Milanlioglu et al., 100 mg of lamotrigine, an antiepileptic drug, administered twice daily alleviated all painful symptoms. No side effects were noted after two months of treatment. Dosage of lamotrigine was decreased to 50 mg a day after the first two months, and no symptoms or side-effects were recorded after a three-month followup. Use of topiramate has also been found to be an effective treatment for CPH, but cluster headache medications have been found to have little effect.

Epidemiology
Although CPH is often compared to cluster headaches, it is much less prevalent, occurring in only 1–3% of those who experience cluster headaches. CPH occurs roughly in 1 in 50,000 people, while cluster headaches are comparatively more common and are found in 1 in 1000 people. Cluster headaches occur primarily in men, while CPH is more commonly diagnosed in women. The female to male ratio of diagnosed patients can range anywhere from 1.6:1 to 2.36:1. However, more recent prospective research showed an equal prevalence between females and males, with a ratio close to 1:1. Symptoms may begin to appear at any age, but onset usually occurs in adulthood with a mean starting age within the thirties.

History
CPH was discovered by Norwegians Ottar Sjaastad and Inge Dale in 1974. The term chronic paroxysmal hemicrania was first used in 1976 by Sjaastad to describe a condition seen in two of their patients who were experiencing repeated solitary and limited daily headache attacks on only one side of the cranium.

It is possible that chronic paroxysmal hemicrania was first described by Johann Oppermann in 1747 under the term "hemicranias horologica". Oppermann's report included a 35-year-old woman who had hemicranial pain that lasted for 15 minutes and recurred regularly every hour.

CPH has been included in the International Headache Society's classification system since 1988.

title: Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania


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User:D0li0

This is my User Page and as with most things is a work in progress, enjoy! I also have a page at:
 * -= seattleeva.org == eaa-phev.org == User:D0li0 =-
 * WikiBooks:User:D0li0
 * MetaWikiPedia:User:D0li0
 * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:D0li0
 * peswiki.com PES:
 * d0li0.blogspot.com
 * youtube.com/profile?user=D0li0
 * My Video.Google.com

So, you made it here, this page is a work in progress as most everything is. As near I can tell all of this started at Project Gutenberg or maybe it was the Big bang, anyway that's all in the past. Moments ago it was 2024/July/29 UTC, which at the time was the present. Here comes the Future; you know my favorite thing about time is that it prevents everything from happening all at once, personally I don't deal with this particular aspect of the universe very well.

Please see also some of my favorite pages: Renewable energy, Future energy development, Electric vehicles (BEV, PHEV, HEV), SEVA, EAA-PHEV, '''Conservation of energy, Fundamental interaction, Shape of the universe, Nikola Tesla

 * My Contributions, Current Edit Count, Watchlist
 * HELP Simplified Ruleset, Namespace, Wiki markup.
 * Look into Welcoming committee, Wikipedians against censorship, WP:STAR
 * I support Cindy Sheehan and do not particularly like George W. Bush.
 * Iraq US Deaths, official, 9,000. Triple Trifecta
 * I may suffer or benefit from Asperger's Syndrome?

My Favorite Licensing Tag
comment: Image is my own original work and released under GFDL and Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License GFDL

Working on

 * Talk:Plug-in_hybrid_electric_vehicle/PIA_Rewrite
 * WikiProject Environment Category:Hybrid vehicles
 * Hybrid vehicle List of hybrid vehicles Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle Types of hybrid vehicle Petroleum electric hybrid vehicle
 * Energy development, Renewable energy
 * Work in Progress: evparts faq --> WikiFAQ
 * add : EM Thread, Thread http://www.electricmotorcycles.net, ems, drag bikes, sparows, 3-wheelers Thread SAM Cree.ch 2 seat Tandum, Tango(as crossover).
 * add : BEV Batteries : 6V Myth, Best Flooded Battery Ni-Cad info from A&P General Book
 * new pages Battery pack -> Chargers
 * Organize Li-ion BEVs, , others on BEV page.
 * fix for new gas prices: Image:Fcvgc-updated.gif
 * Talk:History_of_the_electric_vehicle

The Idea of Battery Electric Vehicles
The primary advantage of a BEV is that all aspects of it's creation, opperation, and disposal are well withing the relm of managability. Unlike FF based societies in which there is no way to manage the conversion process from higher energy HC to lower energy CO2. There is no way to replace the HC nor manage the CO2 output of such systems. Nuclear energy while more managable than FF due mostly to their far greater energy densiy are still nothing more than a change of state of a finite material resource. BEVs and renewable energy on the other hand can be build with renewable energy, run on renewable energy, and be recycled at the end of their cycle lives, all of which is managable and systainable indefenently.

User:D0li0/BEV Development
There have been rescent and significant advancements in high power and cycle life Lithium-ion batteries which could vastly improve the viability, longevity, range, and recharge times if applied to BEVs.

See Supercapacitor as well.

User:D0li0/Hybrid What?
Perhaps it would help to clarify the somewhat confused understanding and difficulties in convaying the ideas behind various "Hybrid vehicles" by more accurately defining the specific aspects of such vehicles employing multiple technologies. The aspects which are Hybrid in nature could include but are not limited to Powered, Fueled, and/or Storage. So when categorizing a Hybrid vehicle one should mention which technologies (ie: GAS/ICE, Diesel/ICE, NG/ICE, LPG/ICE. H2/ICE, Electricity/Batteries/Motors, Hydrogen/Fuel Cell/Motors, Human/Peddles) are employed and the nature of their use. Such as Gas-Electric Powered or Diesel-Hydrogen Fueled.

User:D0li0/Future Energy Useage Scenarios
Made some changes to a page and got it deleted!? :(

User:D0li0/Lithium
Lithium batteries hold quite a bit of potential.

User:D0li0/Clickable Periodic Table
A Wikipedia Periodic Table imagemap which might be applicable to each elements table image. It won't work here due to it requiring html tag support, but it does work here: http://www.seattleeva.org/wiki/User:Rjf/Clickable_Periodic_Table

Watchlist RSS feeder

 * http://mpov.wordpress.com/2007/02/19/wikipedia-watchlist-feed-v2/
 * User:Ryos/Watchlist_RSS_feeder

Humm, can't seem to make ruby run the scripts above, something about missing the scan dependency? So how about a quick and dirty perl script? Just copy the watchlist source to a wikipedia.watchlist.source file and run it through this: # $site="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title="; @list=`cat wikipedia.watchlist.source | grep "checkbox"`; foreach (@list) { if ($_ =~ /.+href="\/wiki\/.+"\ .+href="\/w\/index.php\?title=(.+)&action=history".+/) { push(@articles,$1); } } print "\n Subscriptions For an RSS Reader   \ \n"; foreach (@articles) { $title="$_";          $article="$_";           &do_entry; } foreach (@articles) { $title="$_". ":Talk"; $article="Talk:". "$_"; &do_entry; } print "  \n"; exit(0); sub do_entry { print "\t\n"; } # ##
 * 1) !/usr/bin/perl

title: User:D0li0


text:
Talk:Tony Adams (disambiguation)

Tony Adams was also the former announcer for the Jacksonville Lizard Kings Hockey team and Jacksonville Tomcats Arena Football Team.
Born Anthony Andrew Adams on August 12th, 1969 in Flint, Michigan. He moved to Davison in July 1978. He then moved to Belton, Texas in August 1982 and remained there until October 1986 when he moved back to Davison to finish high school. He enlisted in the Navy in November 1986 and started active duty in June 1987. He was honorably discharged in June 1998.

During his active duty tenure, he was stationed in Great Lakes, IL, Virginia Beach, VA (twice), San Diego, CA, and Jacksonville, FL (twice). He enrolled in broadcasting school and started an internship for WGH-AM 1310 in Virginia Beach, Virginia during his shore duty tour in 1993. From October 1993 to April 1994, he would intern for "The Score". He then picked up a part time job disc jockeying for Bubba's Beach Club, a popular sports bar in Virginia Beach. He would leave Bubba's and Virginia Beach to complete his military career in Jacksonville.

Upon his transition into civilian life, he would run into broadcasting colleague Scott Jackson, who he interned alongside at WGH and he would sign onboard with WBWL-600 "The Ball" in May 1998. He work for several prominent sports personalities while at The Ball, such as Bill Riley (KSLC-TV Salt Lake City), Rick Ballou (One-on-One Sports in Chicago), Chris McClain (XM NASCAR Network), Joe Zydlo (Jacksonville Lizard Kings and Trenton Titans hockey), Dave Schultz (Jacksonville Suns and Newark Baseball), and Cole Pepper (WOKV-AM 690 Jacksonville, Jacksonville Jaguars studio host, and Jacksonville University play-by-play announcer). He would work in various capacities for The Ball, such producing baseball broadcasts for the Southern League Detroit Tigers affiliate Jacksonville Suns from 1998-2000, NFL's Jacksonville Jaguars football broadcasts from 1998-2000, East Coast Hockey League's Jacksonville Lizard Kings broadcasts in 1998-2000 (where in 1999-2000 he was in-studio host for road games), and Arena League 2 Football's Jacksonville Tomcats broadcasts in 2000.

When Rick Ballou departed Jacksonville in 1999 to join One-on-One sports in Chicago, Tony stepped in to take his color analyst job with the Jacksonville Lizard Kings in the East Coast Hockey League. He would join legendary minor league hockey announcer Ken Double (Atlanta Knights, Indianapolis Ice, and Houston Aeros Hockey) in the booth. Ken was also the broadcasting mentor for the current Phoenix Coyotes color analyst Darren Pang. It was in this position that Tony would learn about broadcast preparation and professionalism. However, the role was short lived as he would be in the position for one season. The Jacksonville Lizard Kings suspended operations just eight days after the 1999-2000 season.

Tony had an interesting opportunity arise in 2000. Bill Riley, the sports director at The Ball was serving as the new AF2 Jacksonville Tomcat's arena football team in 2000. In May, his wife gave birth to a son two nights before the Tomcats' game in Roanoke, VA. Bruce Burge, the Tomcats CEO contacted Tony the night before the team was to head to Roanoke to see if he'd fill in. He accepted, although he had neither seen nor heard an arena football game. Teamed up with former Florida State and San Francisco running back Dexter Carter, Tony was able to cruise through the broadcast. This opened up the opportunity for Tony to fill-in on road games as the color analyst in 2001 with new Tomcats play-by-play man Cole Pepper. Tony would also be teamed up with Jacksonville Jaguars beat writer Vic Ketchman in the 2002 year for the Tomcats. Ketchman did play-by-play for the home games. Tony would be the color analyst on the home games and would be the play-by-play man on the road.

After the 2002 season, the Tomcats would become embroiled with arena dispute with SMG in Jacksonville. The Better Jacksonville Plan was the legislation passed to build a new baseball park and new arena. With this legislation in effect, the Tomcats would lose valuble parking spaces for attending fans. Seeing this as an issue, Tomcats management requested a one-year suspension of operations to have the new arena built. The AF2 declined the request and the Tomcats ceased operations in November 2002.

Tony has led a very active life in sports radio. He has been on the radio in different markets covering Jacksonville Jaguars games. He worked for two seasons for WSCR-AM 670 The Score (2001-2002), a season for WTRK-AM in Dallas (2001), and a season for XTRA-670 in San Diego (2001). a season for Bloomberg.com (2001), and four seasons for Sportsnetwork.com (2002-2005).

He started producing "The Outdoors Show" on The Ball in May 2001. When the station was sold and eventually disbanded, The Outdoors Show moved to its Jacksonville sister station, Newstalk 690 WOKV-AM in April 2002, and Tony moved over with the show. The show has one of the most popular weekend shows since it started in 1997.

He also serves as public address announcer for Jacksonville University athletics. He has covered Jacksonville University's womens basketball for five seasons (2001-2006), men's basketball for four seasons (2002-2006), and football for four seasons (2002-2005). He has also been involved with the NCAA, assisting with media relations for the Division I "March Madness" basketball championships in 2004 in Orlando and 2006 in Jacksonville.

Tony lives in Jacksonville with his two sons, Anthony (15) and Bryan (13).

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tony Adams (footballer) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 06:14, 25 January 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tony Adams (disambiguation)


text:
Lewisham railway station, Sydney

Lewisham railway station is located on the Main Suburban line, serving the Sydney suburb of Lewisham. It is served by Sydney Trains T2 Inner West & Leppington line services.

History
Lewisham station opened in 1886. The Main Suburban line through Lewisham was quadruplicated in 1892, and sextuplicated in 1927 in association with electrification works.

As part of the 1892 work, the northern side platform was converted to an island platform and a new platform constructed on the most northern line. The former was trimmed back to a single platform, and the latter demolished as part of the 1927 works. In September 1990, Lewisham closed for three months as the first station that CityRail upgraded.

An easy access upgrade to the station will commence in 2024.

Transport links
Transit Systems operates one bus route via Lewisham station, under contract to Transport for NSW:
 * 413: Railway Square to Campsie station

Lewisham station is served by one NightRide route:
 * N50: Liverpool station to Town Hall station

The Inner West Light Rail's Lewisham West stop is located 300 metres south-west of Lewisham station.

title: Lewisham railway station, Sydney


text:
FIFA Street (2005 video game)

FIFA Street is a sports video game developed by EA Canada and published by Electronic Arts under the EA Sports BIG label. It is commentated on by MC Harvey of the So Solid Crew. It was released in February 2005 for PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube. The cover features Brazilian international footballer Ronaldinho.

It was followed by FIFA Street 2, which was released in February 2006.

Gameplay
The game is a spin-off of EA's FIFA series of football games, following the same formula as their other "Street" titles, NFL Street and NBA Street, by reducing the more complete version of the game into a simpler arcade style game. It focuses on flair, style and trickery, as opposed to what FIFA Football focuses on team play and tactics, reflecting the culture of freestyle football played in the streets and backlots across the world. Using reputation and respect gained from playing 4-on-4 games with tricks and flair, the aim of FIFA Street is to build a team up of well-known and recognised players including Ronaldo and Ronaldinho to progress through street venues across the world.

Reception
The game received "mixed" reviews on all platforms according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.

The PlayStation 2 version of FIFA Street received a "Platinum" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 300,000 copies in the United Kingdom.

title: FIFA Street (2005 video game)


text:
Collonge-Bellerive

Collonge-Bellerive is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.

History
Collonge-Bellerive is first mentioned in 1153 as Collonges. In 1275 Saint-Maurice is first mentioned as Sancto Mauricio and Vésenaz first in 1314 as Vysinaz. Until 1799 it was known as Collonge sur Bellerive. It became part of the Canton of Geneva in 1816.

Geography
Collonge-Bellerive has an area,, of 6.12 km2. Of this area, 2.27 km2 or 37.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.25 km2 or 4.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 3.58 km2 or 58.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km2 or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km2 or 0.3% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 1.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 45.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 7.7%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.8%. Out of the forested land, 2.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 21.4% is used for growing crops and 2.0% is pastures, while 13.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in lakes.

It is situated on the left bank of Lake Geneva. Surrounded by the municipalities of Cologny, Vandœuvres, Choulex, Meinier, and Corsier, Collonge-Bellerive consists primarily of the villages of Collonge, Vésenaz and Saint-Maurice together with the hamlets of Cherre, Bellerive, La Repentance and La Capite.

The municipality of Collonge-Bellerive consists of the sub-sections or villages of Bellerive, Collonge, La Gabiule, Saint-Maurice, La Pallanterie, La Californie, Vésenaz – lac, Vésenaz – village and La Combe.

Demographics
Collonge-Bellerive has a population of. , 28.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 23.9%. It has changed at a rate of 19% due to migration and at a rate of 4.4% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population speaks French (5,010 or 79.0%), with English being second most common (431 or 6.8%) and German being third (296 or 4.7%). There are 2 people who speak Romansh.

, the gender distribution of the population was 47.7% male and 52.3% female. The population was made up of 2,517 Swiss men (33.0% of the population) and 1,115 (14.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 2,876 Swiss women (37.8%) and 1,109 (14.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 1,031 or about 16.3% were born in Collonge-Bellerive and lived there in 2000. There were 1,844 or 29.1% who were born in the same canton, while 908 or 14.3% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 2,249 or 35.5% were born outside of Switzerland.

In there were 40 live births to Swiss citizens and 29 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 30 deaths of Swiss citizens and 12 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 10 while the foreign population increased by 17. There were 5 Swiss men and 4 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 27 non-Swiss men and 22 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 70 and the non-Swiss population increased by 44 people. This represents a population growth rate of 1.5%.

The age distribution of the population is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.8% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 14.6%.

, there were 2,603 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 3,158 married individuals, 278 widows or widowers and 305 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 2,247 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. There were 523 households that consist of only one person and 213 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 2,323 households that answered this question, 22.5% were households made up of just one person and there were 15 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 593 married couples without children, 922 married couples with children There were 158 single parents with a child or children. There were 36 households that were made up of unrelated people and 76 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

there were 1,364 single family homes (or 78.3% of the total) out of a total of 1,743 inhabited buildings. There were 187 multi-family buildings (10.7%), along with 138 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (7.9%) and 54 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (3.1%). Of the single family homes 130 were built before 1919, while 253 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (282) were built between 1971 and 1980.

there were 2,455 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 491. There were 114 single room apartments and 1,259 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 2,123 apartments (86.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 259 apartments (10.5%) were seasonally occupied and 73 apartments (3.0%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 5.3 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.3%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
It is home to one or more prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements that are part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Bellerive I (a Bronze Age, littoral archeological site), the Bellerive Castle and Villa-chalet du Prince Essling are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the LPS Party which received 30.08% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (22.39%), the CVP (14.55%) and the Green Party (10.15%). In the federal election, a total of 2,153 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 55.2%.

In the 2009 Grand Conseil election, there were a total of 4,053 registered voters of which 2,012 (49.6%) voted. The most popular party in the municipality for this election was the Libéral with 32.7% of the ballots. In the canton-wide election they received the highest proportion of votes. The second most popular party was the PDC (with 14.9%), they were fifth in the canton-wide election, while the third most popular party was the Les Radicaux (with 10.7%), they were sixth in the canton-wide election.

For the 2009 Conseil d'Etat election, there were a total of 4,049 registered voters of which 2,286 (56.5%) voted.

In 2011, all the municipalities held local elections, and in Collonge-Bellerive there were 21 spots open on the municipal council. There were a total of 5,006 registered voters of which 2,250 (44.9%) voted. Out of the 2,250 votes, there were 36 blank votes, 17 null or unreadable votes and 212 votes with a name that was not on the list.

Economy
, Collonge-Bellerive had an unemployment rate of 3.8%. , there were 53 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 15 businesses involved in this sector. 634 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 58 businesses in this sector. 2,669 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 267 businesses in this sector. There were 2,805 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.0% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 2,846. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 46, of which 44 were in agriculture and 2 were in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 603 of which 362 or (60.0%) were in manufacturing and 241 (40.0%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 2,197. In the tertiary sector; 428 or 19.5% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 46 or 2.1% were in the movement and storage of goods, 107 or 4.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 515 or 23.4% were in the information industry, 31 or 1.4% were the insurance or financial industry, 166 or 7.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 162 or 7.4% were in education and 476 or 21.7% were in health care.

, there were 1,973 workers who commuted into the municipality and 2,242 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 17.6% of the workforce coming into Collonge-Bellerive are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.3% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 16.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 63.5% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 2,499 or 39.4% were Roman Catholic, while 1,457 or 23.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 159 members of an Orthodox church (or about 2.51% of the population), there were 8 individuals (or about 0.13% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 89 individuals (or about 1.40% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 93 individuals (or about 1.47% of the population) who were Jewish, and 107 (or about 1.69% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 21 individuals who were Buddhist, 14 individuals who were Hindu and 12 individuals who belonged to another church. 1,318 (or about 20.78% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 567 individuals (or about 8.94% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Collonge-Bellerive about 1,574 or (24.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 1,920 or (30.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 1,920 who completed tertiary schooling, 40.6% were Swiss men, 31.9% were Swiss women, 16.1% were non-Swiss men and 11.4% were non-Swiss women.

During the 2009–2010 school year there were a total of 1,851 students in the Collonge-Bellerive school system. The education system in the Canton of Geneva allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there were 119 children who were in a pre-kindergarten class. The canton's school system provides two years of non-mandatory kindergarten and requires students to attend six years of primary school, with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes. In Collonge-Bellerive there were 215 students in kindergarten or primary school and 22 students were in the special, smaller classes. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. There were 215 lower secondary students who attended school in Collonge-Bellerive. There were 362 upper secondary students from the municipality along with 45 students who were in a professional, non-university track program. An additional 540 students attended a private school.

, there were 506 students in Collonge-Bellerive who came from another municipality, while 692 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Collonge-Bellerive


text:
Antun Vujić

Antun Vujić (born 14 July 1945 ) is a Croatian politician, philosopher, political analyst, lexicographer and author serving as a director of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography since 2012. He was a member of Croatian Parliament and Minister of Culture in the Croatian Government from January 2000 to December 2003.

Overview
Vujić was born in Dubrovnik in 1945. He graduated from the University of Zagreb's Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences with major in philosophy and sociology. In 1967 he founded Omladinski tjednik, the first Croatian underground magazine. In the post-Croatian Spring purges in 1972 Vujić was branded a "nationalist, liberal and anarcho-syndicalist" and lost his employment, but was recruited by Miroslav Krleža two years later to work in the Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute. In 1985 he earned a Ph.D. degree in philosophy of science.

In 1989 he was one of the founding members of the centre-left political party Social Democrats of Croatia (SDH), and ran at the 1992 presidential elections, coming in 8th with 0.70 percent of the votes. In 1994 SDH merged with the Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP), led by Ivica Račan, and Vujić soon became one of SDP's most prominent members. In 1995 he was elected to Croatian Parliament on SDP's list, and was later appointed Minister of Culture when SDP won the 2000 parliamentary elections. After his term ended in December 2003 he was elected to the parliament at the 2003 and 2007 elections.

Vujić contributes articles of political analysis to various magazines, he wrote encyclopedic articles and papers covering philosophy and liberal arts, and he contributed to comprehensive lexicons and encyclopedias. He was the main editor of the first general Croatian Encyclopedia for which he was awarded the State Award for Science in 1998. From 2005 to 2009 he was the editor-in-chief of Proleksis Encyclopedia. Since 2012, he is the director of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. Additionally, he is the director of the social-democratic political academy Novo društvo, and a member of the advisory board of the left-wing magazine Novi Plamen.

Works

 * Otvorena znanost i otvoreno društvo (1987) (Open Science and Open Society)
 * Otvorena kultura (2003) (Open Culture)
 * Hrvatska i ljevica - Prilog socijaldemokratskom gledištu (2014) (Croatia and the Left - A Contribution to the Social Democratic Point of View)- analytical, chronological and autobiographical book that talks about past and future of the social democracy in Croatia
 * Dostava rasutog tereta (2016) (Bulk Cargo Delivery, short story collection)

title: Antun Vujić


text:
Hans im Glück

Hans im Glück is a German board and card game publisher. Though many of their own games are language-independent they themselves publish only printings for the domestic market which include only German-language rules; English-language printings of their games have been published primarily by Rio Grande Games, Dutch versions by 999 Games and so on.

They are named after a story recorded by the Brothers Grimm, called "Hans in Luck" or "Lucky Hans" in English, hence the logo of Hans riding a pig.

Notable games

 * Die Macher (1986)
 * 1835 (1990)
 * Modern Art (1992)
 * El Grande (1995)
 * Tigris and Euphrates (1997)
 * Samurai (1998)
 * Carcassonne (2000)
 * Amun-Re (2003)
 * Saint Petersburg (2004)
 * Fjords (2005)
 * Thurn and Taxis (2006)
 * Stone Age (2008)
 * Dominion (2009)
 * The palaces of Carrara (2012)
 * Russian Railroads (2014)
 * The voyages of Marco Polo (2015)
 * Stone Age Junior (2016)

title: Hans im Glück


text:
Diffractometer

A diffractometer is a measuring instrument for analyzing the structure of a material from the scattering pattern produced when a beam of radiation or particles (such as X-rays or neutrons) interacts with it.

Principle

A typical diffractometer consists of a source of radiation, a monochromator to choose the wavelength, slits to adjust the shape of the beam, a sample and a detector. In a more complicated apparatus, a goniometer can also be used for fine adjustment of the sample and the detector positions. When an area detector is used to monitor the diffracted radiation, a beamstop is usually needed to stop the intense primary beam that has not been diffracted by the sample, otherwise the detector might be damaged. Usually the beamstop can be completely impenetrable to the X-rays or it may be semitransparent. The use of a semitransparent beamstop allows the possibility to determine how much the sample absorbs the radiation using the intensity observed through the beamstop.

There are several types of X-ray diffractometer, depending on the research field (material sciences, powder diffraction, life sciences, structural biology, etc.) and the experimental environment, if it is a laboratory with its home X-ray source or a Synchrotron. In laboratory, diffractometers are usually an "all in one" equipment, including the diffractometer, the video microscope and the X-ray source. Plenty of companies manufacture "all in one" equipment for X-ray home laboratory, such as Rigaku, PANalytical, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bruker, and many others.

There are fewer diffractometer manufacturers for synchrotrons, owing to few numbers of x-ray beamlines to equip and the need of solid expertise of the manufacturer. For material sciences, Huber diffractometers are widely known and, for structural biology, Arinax diffractometers are the reference. Nonetheless, due to few numbers of manufacturers, a large amount of synchrotron diffractometers are "homemade" diffractometers, realized by synchrotron engineering teams.

Uses
X-ray diffractometer instruments can be used for a variety of purposes including imaging crystal structures, phase determination, and identifying unfamiliar substances for use in crystallography, inspection, and pharmaceutical research for drug efficacy. A novel use of x-ray diffraction involves studying the surface of Mars to determine if it ever supported life.

title: Diffractometer