text:
User talk:SoundGod3

Template:US City infobox
Hi, i noticed that you in the past tried to add a section, without luck to the infobox, and have helped with the placemnt of the box on articles, actucally i was curious on what your thoughts would be in adding a motto section to the box as well as any other sugestions you might have. FYI, i also have created a Template:US County infobox for county info, its a far more simple box, mainly for the more simple character of the county structure. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 02:42, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Request for map
Hey! We're in the process of getting the Ann Arbor, Michigan article peer reviewed (see here) and I noticed your work with the Pittsburg and Detroit location maps, among others. Would you mind doing one for Ann Arbor? It would greatly improve the article and help it on its way to get featured. Thanks! Gsgeorge 20:33, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey, that map you just added to the Ann Arbor page looks great! Mamawrites 16:11, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Boston, Massachusetts - map request
After seeing your map for Ann Arbor, Michigan, during that article's FAC process and maps for several New England cities, I was wondering if you have the chance to do the same for Boston, Massachusetts (which I am hoping to get featured). Thanks. Pentawing 05:33, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the map. However, the county's name is "Suffolk" rather than "Sussex." Just to let you know. Pentawing 19:08, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Twin Cities and other matters
I looked at the articles pertaining to the Twin Cities and did some editing. From what I encountered, there is a huge amount of work needed before these articles are ready for FA. The most important are lists (it is preferable that lists are converted to prose or moved to a sub-article) and references (for verifiability. Articles without references are ineligible for FA). Both articles lack a section about climate and overall description of geography and cityscape. For the Minneapolis, Minnesota article, there is a lot of detail concerning media. However, this is unnecessary because there is already a sub-article covering media in the Twin Cities. I might look at the articles in more detail later.

Anyways, Ann Arbor, Michigan, is now a featured article. You could use that as an example of a featured city article. Pentawing 02:50, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Hey, nice addition of the Jackson County map to the Kansas City, Missouri article. Any chance that can include Platte and Clay counties? Much of KCMO is in the north. --KHill-LTown 02:30, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

City maps
I've noticed there isn't much continuity in maps in some regions on wiki, and noticed you were involved with the addition of the best type of map I've seen, the city blowup-from-state map. I was wondering if you could tell me what program you use, as I might be interested in doing this myself, but want to keep it sort of uniform.

Thanks JeopardyTempest 08:42, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Omaha2.jpeg)
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Meetup in Minneapolis
 Minnesota Meetup Sunday, 2007-10-07, 1:00 p.m. (13:00) Pracna on Main 117 Main SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota Map Please pass this on! RSVP here.  Spam delivered by -Susanlesch 16:29, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

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An exciting opportunity to get involved!
As a member of the Aviation WikiProject or one of its subprojects, you may be interested in testing your skills in the Aviation Contest! I created this contest, not to pit editor against editor, but to promote article improvement and project participation and camraderie. Hopefully you will agree with its usefulness. Sign up here, read up on the rules here, and discuss the contest here. The first round of the contest may not start until September 1st-unless a large number of editors signup and are ready to compete immediately! Since this contest is just beginning, please give feedback here, or let me know what you think on my talkpage. -  Trevor  MacInnis   contribs  05:21, 23 August 2009 (UTC)

Minnesota Meetup
 2009 Proposed date: Saturday, October 10. Details under discussion. Please share this with anyone who may be interested.  Delivered by Jonathunder (talk) 22:35, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:MSPLRT.jpg
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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title: User talk:SoundGod3


text:
User talk:ColdFeet

Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  13:18, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Regarding links to Comixpedia
Hi, ColdFeet. I just wanted to clarify that I do not at all have a problem in general with linking to Comixpedia's site for information about webcomics. I'm a devout reader of quite a few comics, and I'm sure Comixpedia is a valuable resource for webcomic info, given that Wikipedia's standards for webcomic notability are quite high. However, the three links I reverted serve no real purpose: One is blank, and the other two are out-dated copies of Wikipedia articles and thus will not benefit the reader. Don't let that stop you from linking other articles to Comixpedia, but please make sure that the information on the other end of the link is actually helpful. — HorsePunchKid →龜 07:21, 12 November 2005 (UTC) reply

RfD nomination of Harry--potter
I have nominated for discussion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. — The Man in Question (in question)  18:53, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

AfD nomination of The farside
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is The farside. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not").

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Nomination of Thinking in Java for deletion
A discussion has begun about whether the article Thinking in Java, which you created or to which you contributed, should be deleted. While contributions are welcome, an article may be deleted if it is inconsistent with Wikipedia policies and guidelines for inclusion, explained in the deletion policy.

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:01, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Comixpedia
Template:Comixpedia has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the entry on the Templates for discussion page. Hog Farm Talk 05:53, 23 May 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:ColdFeet


text:
Talk:Grande Comore

[Untitled]

 * According to this article, Njazidja is called an erroneous spelling of its official name. However, on the official website for the President of the Comoros (www.beit-salam.km), the island's name is written in this manner.

Add more paragraphs.
The smaller islands of the comoros have bigger wikipedia pages than the biggest island that literally houses the nation's capital. There should be more paragraphs for this page (e.g. like a demographics paragraph, a geography paragraph.) Crenshire (talk) 13:07, 12 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grande Comore


text:
User talk:TomSplasky

Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  13:19, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Jellyjam2.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Jellyjam2.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 18:04, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:TomSplasky


text:
Puthandu

Puthandu (புத்தாண்டு), also known as Tamil New Year, is the first day of year on the Tamil calendar that is traditionally celebrated as a festival by Tamils. The festival date is set with the solar cycle of the solar Hindu calendar, as the first day of the month of Chittirai. It falls on or about 14 April every year on the Gregorian calendar. The same day is observed elsewhere in South and South East Asia as the traditional new year, but it is known by other names such as Vishu in Kerala, and Vaisakhi or Baisakhi in central and northern India.

On this day, Tamil people greet each other by saying "Puttāṇṭu vāḻttukaḷ!" (புத்தாண்டு வாழ்த்துகள்) or "Iṉiya puttāṇṭu nalvāḻttukaḷ!" (இனிய புத்தாண்டு நல்வாழ்த்துகள்), which is equivalent to "Happy new year". The day is observed as a family time. Households clean up the house, prepare a tray with fruits, flowers and auspicious items, light up the family puja altar and visit their local temples. People wear new clothes and children go to elders to pay their respects and seek their blessings, then the family sits down to a vegetarian feast.

Puthandu is celebrated by Tamils in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, and in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius and Reunion. The Tamil diaspora also celebrates it in countries such as Myanmar, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and Australia.

Origin and significance
The Tamil New Year follows the spring equinox and generally falls on 14 April of the Gregorian year. The day celebrates on the first day of the traditional Tamil calendar and is a public holiday in both Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. The same date is observed as the traditional new year in Assam, West Bengal, Kerala, Tripura, Bihar, Odisha, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, as well as in Nepal and Bangladesh. Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Sri Lanka also celebrate the same day as their new year, likely an influence of the shared culture between South and Southeast Asia in the 1st millennium CE.

There are several references in early Tamil literature to the April new year. Nakkirar, Sangam period author of the Neṭunalvāṭai, wrote that the sun travels from Mesha/Chittirai through 11 successive signs of the zodiac. Kūdalūr Kiḻār refers to Mesha Raasi/Chittirai as the commencement of the year in the Puṟanāṉūṟu. The Tolkaapiyam is the oldest surviving Tamil grammar that divides the year into six seasons where Chittirai marks the start of the Ilavenil season or summer. The Silappadikaaram mentions the 12 Raasis or zodiac signs starting with Mesha/Chittirai. The Manimekalai alludes to the Hindu solar calendar as we know it today. Adiyarkunalaar, an early medieval commentator or Urai-asiriyar mentions the twelve months of the Tamil calendar with particular reference to Chittirai. There were subsequent inscriptional references in Pagan, Burma dated to the 11th century CE and in Sukhothai, Thailand dated to the 14th century CE to South Indian, often Vaishnavite, courtiers who were tasked with defining the traditional calendar that began in mid-April.

Celebration
Tamil people celebrate Puthandu, also called Puthuvarusham, as the traditional "Tamil/New Year", states Peter Reeves. This is the month of Chittirai, the first month of the Tamil solar calendar, and Puthandu typically falls on 14 April. In some parts of Southern Tamil Nadu, the festival is called Chittirai Vishu. On the eve of Puthandu, a tray is arranged with three fruits (mango, banana and jack fruit), betel leaves and arecanut, gold/silver jewellery, coins/money, flowers and a mirror. This is similar to the Vishu new year festival ceremonial tray in Kerala. According to the Tamil tradition, this festive tray is auspicious as the first sight upon waking on the new year day. Home entrances are decorated elaborately with colored rice powder. These designs are called kolams.

Chittirai Thiruvilha in Temples
In the temple city of Madurai, the Chittirai Thiruvilha is celebrated in the Meenakshi Temple. A huge exhibition is held, called Chittirai Porutkaatchi. On the day of the Tamil New Year, a big Car Festival is held at Tiruvidaimarudur near Kumbakonam. Festivals are also held at Tiruchirapalli, Kanchipuram and other places.

Chithiraikani in KonguNadu
Chithiraikani, also known as Vishukani, is an important part of the Puthandu celebrations in the Kongu Nadu region, which share similarities with Vishu celebrations in Kerala and Tulu Nadu.This ChithiraiKani practice involves arrangement of a special tray containing auspicious items that are displayed in front of a mirror. The word "kani" in Kongu Tamil and Malayalam means "that which is seen first," and both celebrations involve arranging a special tray of auspicious items that are displayed in front of a mirror. The traditional belief is that viewing joyful and auspicious things first on the new year day brings prosperity and good luck.

The Chithiraikani or Vishukani tray typically includes three fruits (mango, banana, and jackfruit), betel leaves, rice, lemon, cucumber, coconut cut open, arecanut, gold or silver jewelry, coins or money, flowers, and a mirror, among other things that symbolize wealth and prosperity. This arrangement is similar to the Vishu celebrations that take place in Kerala. In some parts of Kerala, the Vishukkani tray also includes Aranmula kannadi (Vaalkannadi), golden color Konna flowers (Cassia fistula) which bloom in the season of Vishu, gold or silver jewelry, coins or money, flowers, and a mirror. The mirror symbolizes seeing oneself as a part of the abundance one sees in the form of Pani.

The day before the Chithirai Kani or Vishukkani celebrations, people prepare the tray of auspicious items. On the new year day, elders light lamps and wake up juniors in the family. As soon as they wake up, they walk to the kani with their eyes closed and see it as the first scene of the year. This tradition is significant in both regions and is believed to bring good luck and prosperity for the coming year.

Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Tamils observe the traditional new year in April with the first financial transaction known as the Kai-vishesham. In this transaction children go to elders to pay their respect, and elders give their blessings and gift pocket money to the children in return. The event is also observed with the 'arpudu' or the first ploughing of the ground to prepare for the new agricultural cycle. The game of 'por-thenkai' or coconut wars between youth is played in villages through the Tamil north and east of the island while cart races are also held. The festive Puthandu season in April is a time for family visits and the renewal of filial bonds. It coincides with the Sinhalese new year season.

Later in the day, families enjoy a feast.

Overseas
In Malaysia and Singapore, Tamils join Sikhs, Malayalees and Bengalis to celebrate the traditional new year in mid-April with leaders across the political spectrum wishing the ethnic Indian community for the new year. Special religious events are held in Hindu temples, in Tamil community centers and Gurdwaras. Cultural programs and media events also take place. It's a day of celebration for the Indian community.

Controversy
The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)-led Government of Tamil Nadu had declared in 2008 that the Tamil new year should be celebrated on the first day of Tamil month of Thai (14 January) coinciding with the harvest festival of Pongal. The Tamil Nadu New Year (Declaration Bill 2008) was enacted as the state law by the DMK assembly members and its Tamil Nadu Government on 29 January 2008. This law of the DMK majority-led government was subsequently rescinded by a separate act of legislation in the Tamil Nadu Assembly with an AIADMK majority-led government on 23 August 2011. Many in Tamil Nadu ignored the DMK government legislation that rescheduled the festival date, and continued the celebration of their traditional Puthandu new year festival in mid-April. The Governor and Chief Minister of the Indian Union Territory of Puducherry, which has an ethnic Tamil majority, felicitated the public for the Tamil new year in April 2010. The legislative reach to change the traditional religious new year by the DMK government was questioned by Hindu priests and Tamil scholars. The law was met with resistance by Tamils in the state and elsewhere. It was also challenged in court. The then opposition All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK) in Tamil Nadu subsequently condemned the decision of the DMK Government in that state and urged their supporters to continue celebrating the traditional date in mid-April. Tamils in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia and Canada continued to observe the new year in mid-April.

The previous state government in Tamil Nadu in an effort to placate popular sentiment announced that the same day will be celebrated as a new festival renamed as "Chittirai Tirunal" (the festival of Chittirai). The day remained a public holiday in Tamil Nadu under the DMK government, but not as Tamil new year, but purportedly to commemorate Dr. B.R Ambedkar, who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of Indian Constitution. All television channels in Tamil Nadu, including the pro-DMK Sun TV, continued to telecast festive "Chittirai Tirunal Special Programs" on 14 April 2010. The leader of the AIADMK, Jayalalitha refused to recognize the repackaged festival, and felicitated the Tamil people for the traditional Tamil New Year. The MDMK leader Vaiko, followed suit. The controversy between the two dates subsided, the official celebrations during the traditional new year in April revived and the public holiday was restored as the Tamil New Year.

Related festivals
Puthandu is celebrated elsewhere in India under different names commemorating the solar new year. Some examples include:

 * 1) Vishu in Kerala
 * 2) Vaisakhi in Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, NCT of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
 * 3) Pana Sankranti in Odisha
 * 4) Pohela Boishakh in West Bengal and Tripura
 * 5) Rongali Bihu in Assam

However, this is not the universal new year for all Hindus. New Year celebrations in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana's Ugadi & Maharashtra and Goa's Gudi Padwa, falls a few days before Puthandu. For those in Gujarat, the new year festivities coincide with the five-day Diwali festival.

South Asia and Southeast Asia
The same day every year is the new year for many Buddhist communities in parts of Southeast Asia such as Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Cambodia, likely an influence of their shared culture in the 1st millennium CE.

According to a 1957 publication by Gunasegaram, the new year celebrated in Sri Lanka, Cambodia and Champa (Vietnam) is the Tamil New Year with roots in the practices of Mohenjo-daro (Indus Valley civilization). According to Nanacuriyan, this may be from the medieval era Tamil influence in Southeast Asia.

According to Jean Michaud and other scholars, the new year celebration traditions in Southeast Asian Massif have two roots. One is China, and this influence is found for example in Vietnam. This Sino-influenced community celebrates the new year in the first or second lunar month after the winter solstice in December. The second group of people in the Massif celebrate the new year in mid April, much like most of India. This group consists of northeastern Indians, northeastern Myanmar, the Khmer in Cambodia, Tai speakers of Thailand, Laos, northern Vietnam and southern Yunnan. The festival is celebrated in the Massif in some ways unlike Puthandu. It is marked by an occasion to visit family and friends, splashing others with water (like Holi), drinking alcohol, as well as later wearing jewelry, new clothes and socializing. The new year festival is called regionally by different names:

 * 1) Vaisakhi in Pakistan and Afghanistan
 * 2) Bikram Samwat / Vaishak Ek in Nepal
 * 3) Pohela Boishakh in Bangladesh
 * 4) Aluth Avuruthu (Sinhalese New Year) in Sri Lanka
 * 5) Chol Chnam Thmey in Cambodia
 * 6) Songkan / Pi Mai Lao in Laos
 * 7) Songkran in Thailand
 * 8) Thingyan in Myanmar

title: Puthandu


text:
Talk:Marian Spychalski

Criticism
Why does someone write articles which are total stubs and written in incorrect English? Try to learn some more English before you decide to write!!! --Alexvonf 13:19, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * So fix it. Better poor stub then nothing.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 21:02, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Mayor of Warsaw
According to data from mayor of Warsaw, Spychalski held this position from 18 September 1944 - March 1945. I'd assume at least in the beginning it was of the right-bank, Soviet-held Warsaw, as the left bank was in the spasms of the Warsaw Uprising? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 21:02, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

B-class criteria
Lacks citation for honours and awards. --Bejnar (talk) 03:07, 6 May 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marian Spychalski


text:
Talk:WLKO

Is this notable? --Oneliner 13:19, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:WLKO


text:
Humor Risk

Humor Risk, also known as Humorisk, is a lost unreleased 1921 silent comedy short film. It is the first film to star the Marx Brothers, and was the only Marx Brothers movie until the release of their 1929 musical comedy The Cocoanuts.

Plot
Information about the plot of Humor Risk is sparse. According to Kyle Crichton's 1951 biography of the Brothers, Harpo played Watson, the hero and romantic lead who "made his entrance in a high hat, sliding down a coal chute into the basement." Groucho played the villain, who in the finale was shown "in ball and chain, trudging slowly off into the gloaming." In his book Monkey Business, Simon Louvish claims Harpo's character was a detective.

Cast
Four of the five Marx Brothers are known to have acted in this short film: Chico, Groucho, Harpo, and Zeppo all starred, leaving Gummo the only Brother with no known appearance.

Leading lady
Jobyna Ralston is most often credited as the female lead of Humor Risk, due in part to her face resembling that of the lead actress in the film's single surviving production still. However, some sources claim that Mildred Davis (star and later wife of Harold Lloyd) was also in the film, although other researchers have suggested that Groucho Marx simply misremembered when writing about the film in his biography decades later. The websites Marxology and SilentEra both state that the leading lady may also have been one of two other actresses, Esther Ralston or Helen Kane. Ralston never mentioned working with the Marx Brothers, however, and the Brothers themselves never seem to have named Kane as a collaborator.

One account of the production claims that Dick Smith's mother visited the studio and sat down at a table during shooting, but consequently had to return the next three consecutive days for continuity's sake.

Production
Jo Swerling played a key role in funding the project, raising $6000. Additional funding was provided by the Marxes, cartoonist (and producer, in some sources) Alvah "Al" Posen, Nathan Sachs, and Max Lippman. Nathan Sachs had previously partnered with Max Lippman at a law firm. Sachs made his fortune in the oil business and was a patron of the Marxes both during and long after Humor Risk.

Information on Humor Risk's filming location is contradictory. Author Allan Eyles has stated that the film was shot in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Groucho Marx wrote in his autobiography that it was "shot on the west side of New York," recalling that the Brothers were working at the Palace Theater and had to run across town to Weehawken to do a scene. Over time, researchers and fans have pointed to numerous studios in New Jersey and New York as potential film shoot locations for Humor Risk. Author Charlotte Chandler wryly described the movie as "shot in New Jersey, lost in New York." Matthew Coniam has claimed, on his website Marxology, that the film was shot at "Victor Studios", a name that originally referred to a lot in Fort Lee which Universal Studios purchased in 1917. The "new Victor studio" was opened in 1915 at 643 West 43rd Street in New York City. Dubbed "the cheapest studio in New York to work in," this second Victor location seems the most likely choice for the Brothers and their relatively low-budget crew, per Coniam.

Release
The film was first shown to the public, potentially in an incomplete form, at a children's matinee in early December 1921. The earliest mention of Humor Risk in an industry newspaper came in Wid's Daily (later The Film Daily) on April 8, 1921, ahead of the film's release. That press statement claims that the Marxes had just signed onto a comedy film series with Caravel Comedies – Caravel was in fact created by the Marxes themselves for the purpose of aiding in their film debuts, and never consisted of much more than a post office box.

Surviving copies
Kyle Crichton has claimed the film was destroyed except for one rogue print, which was used by friends of the brothers for "jovial blackmail". Marx Brothers researcher Hector Arce has disputed this account, claiming instead that the only film print was burned (by Groucho) and the negatives were kept in Posen's closet. Matthew Coniam provided another version of events, writing that Reelcraft reportedly picked it up and filed it under another name, writing, "where could it be? That was the only film the brothers made that year." Max Lippman may also have owned a copy, as his estate (which was locked in a bidding war through much of the 1930s) contained some dull, unmarked canisters. Reelcraft sold nearly 200 negatives in its possession at an auction in 1922, some of which may have contained portions of Humor Risk.

Sequels
Silent short films of this era were often sold to distributors as part of a larger set, and Humor Risk was billed in the press as the first of a series titled "Comedies Without Custard". According to a Film Daily headline from April 11, 1921, Humor Risk would have been followed by two sequel comedies: Hick, Hick, Hooray and Hot Dog. However, there is no known evidence that the planned follow-up films were ever actually created.

title: Humor Risk


text:
Scott MacKenzie

Scott MacKenzie may refer to:

 * Scott MacKenzie (snooker player) (born 1980), Scottish professional snooker player
 * Scott MacKenzie (footballer) (born 1970), retired professional footballer
 * Scott MacKenzie (darts player) (born 1972), darts player from Hong Kong

title: Scott MacKenzie


text:
User talk:Jezmck/TalkArchive

Hey, I saw you are interested in Sketchup, so I thought I'd tell you that sketchup has its own Wiki now. Located at: www.suwiki.org
 * Thanks anon! Will have a look. jazzle 20:05, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

"Govenor" and misspelling in redirects
Hi,

Just so you know, valid redirects frequently include misspellings of article topics. This is not simply to compensate for user ignorance, but also to prevent accident recreation of content at improper titles, and to correct for typos. It is for this reason that the criteria for speedy deletion allow only implausible typos to be deleted. The existence of a redirect does not endorse its particular spelling. Best wishes, Xoloz 16:47, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Many thanks for letting me know.
 * This is not simply to compensate for user ignorance, - am glad this is the case. --jazzle 10:32, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Empty Sections
Empty sections should be removed from the article space. I have removed them as of now. In case you need to add more information to the article, you could create sections on the page. --Nearly Headless Nick 11:18, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * You can review this page for manual of style. --Nearly Headless Nick 11:20, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks :) --jazzle 11:21, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jezmck/TalkArchive


text:
User talk:MosheZadka

Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  13:20, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Template:Whedon-spoiler

 * Hi, Jeff! I was sad to see your vote re: whedon-spoiler, but happy to see you here in general. MosheZadka 17:10, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I agree with your statement in your vote that a template for spoilers is useful, just not that we need a specific one for the Whedonverse. RoboAction created a bunch of genre-specific stub templates for Wikiquote, which makes sense because people might want to monitor only certain genres to focus their editing work. But I just can't see any purpose to collecting a list of Joss Whedon pages that include spoilers. Dragons flight's argument that it does no harm but provides an opportunity for navigation (which is redundant, given standard navigational elements that make sense, like Categories and ordinary internal links) strikes me as using a screwdriver as a hammer and seems more likely to be an ex post facto justification of something that is "cute". (I agree that it is cute.) The standard spoiler templates suffice and don't add complexity where none is needed. — Jeff Q (talk) 20:33, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

manifold
Hi, your edits to manifold are much appreciated. I hope you noticed that manifold is currently in the process of a rigorous rewrite and splitup. I placed a template stating this at the top, but unfortunately Oleg didn't agree and removed it and Paul agreed. If you didn't know about this you might want to stick it back up. For more information see Talk:manifold. Hope to see you at the rewrite. --MarSch 3 July 2005 14:58 (UTC)

wikilinking years
I described, on Talk:Fagin the Jew, why I am generally opposed to wikilinking years. I also have no desire to get into an edit war. Thanks for dropping me a note. DES (talk) 15:15, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Wikiquote formatting
Hi there! Thanks a lot for those tips about how to format Wikiquote pages. I apologize for not having taken time to familiarize myself with the style, but will endeavour to do so from now on. I am grateful for your advice. Have a great day! David Cannon 09:55, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks.
Moshe,

Thanks for the initiation; check the three wikis that I run / am involved in running: The Knot Atlas, my Topology Class, omath.org.

--Drorbn 13:54, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Strange places to bump into you Moshe....Yossi Farjoun. (I saw your note on omath.org...)

Stubbing
Thanks for the stubbing of Rick Doucet but he is Canadian not British. I'll change it. - Jord 20:56, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Woops, sorry. Thanks for cleaning up after me! MosheZadka 20:58, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

 * That's what we're all here for, right? - Jord 21:04, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Good job on Buffy eps
Just so you know :)

-Abaraibar 11:01, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Inbal Perlmutter
Hi Moshe. I am very happy you started to tranlate the article, but could you continue? I will be very very happy! Idan d 12:32, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I doubt I'll continue translating it. I stopped when I felt the original get off track and into stuff that should be in The Witches (band). MosheZadka 06:20, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't know. see the article about The Witches in Hebrew- much longer. as you wish. I will do it later sometime... Idan d 23:01, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

The Rocky Horror Picture Show
Thank you! How nice of you to drop me a note about it! For your kindness, I bestow upon you this picture of a squirrel drinking beer. :P Peace, delldot | talk 15:40, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Buffy Checklist
Hiya, just letting some people who regularly work on Buffyverse articles know there is now a checklist for non-episode articles in place to highlight articles needing work on, and articles coming into completion. It is available at the main project page, since this is where the 'WikiProject Buffy template' on the discussion page of all Buffyverse pages directs people:

 * WikiProject Buffy

It mainly discludes episode articles since they are dealt with at WikiProject Buffy/Episodes

Thanks -- AnGeL X 17:25, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Featured article candidate review: Buffy article
Hi

Just letting WikiProject Buffyverse members know that the article 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' has recently been nominated as a candidate to become a featured article. Should it become a featured article, it will be possible for the article to appear on the Wikipedia main page on March 10th 2007, the 10th anniversary of Buffy (the premiere, "Welcome to the Hellmouth" aired March 10th 1997).

Any feedback you can offer to improve the article and/or to either object or support the nomination would be wonderful:

Featured article candidates/Buffy the Vampire Slayer

-- Paxomen 17:31, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Inactive on Wikiquote?
Hi, I noticed you have not edited at Wikiquote in quite a long time, and are listed as an inactive administrator. Do you think there is any chance you will be back? Cheers! — Cirt (talk) 19:37, 7 February 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:01, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Jonathan M. Woodward

The article Jonathan M. Woodward has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fails WP:ANYBIO and WP:NACTOR"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. John from Idegon (talk) 19:59, 19 February 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:MosheZadka


text:
User talk:Blix.

Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  13:20, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Blix.


text:
Kon Vatskalis

Konstantine Vatskalis (born 4 April 1957) is a Greek-Australian politician and the current Lord Mayor of Darwin. Before becoming Lord Mayor in 2017 he was a Labor Party member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from September 2001 to October 2014, representing the Darwin-based electorate of Casuarina. He was Minister for Business and Economic Development, Minister for Regional Development, Minister for Defence Support, Minister for Sport and Recreation, Minister for Essential Services, Minister for Health, Minister for Mines and Energy, Minister for Primary Industries and Fisheries and Minister for Children and Families.

On 30 July 2014, Vatskalis announced that he would be resigning from the Legislative Assembly at the end of the August sittings, which triggered a 2014 Casuarina by-election.

In 2017, Vatskalis was elected Lord Mayor of Darwin.

Early years
Vatskalis was born in Greece, and studied public health in Athens. He became involved in student politics while there, becoming a student representative at the Athens Higher Vocational School and taking part in the 1970s pro-democracy protests, where he witnessed people being arrested for speaking freely. He married an Australian woman, Linda Cotton in 1982, and in 1983, they emigrated to Western Australia. Once they had arrived in Perth, Vatskalis found that his Greek qualifications were not recognised, and was forced to start again, beginning a degree in environmental health at Curtin University, where he also joined the Labor Party. After graduating in 1985, he worked as an environmental health officer and surveyor in the Western Australian towns of Port Hedland and Wanneroo from 1986 to 1993. This period was also marked by personal tragedy, however; his wife died in 1988. In 1992, not long before leaving Western Australia, Vatskalis completed post-graduate studies this time in environmental science from Murdoch University.

In 1993, Vatskalis secured a job managing the NT Health Department's Darwin Environmental Health Unit, which meant relocating to the Northern Territory. He quickly became involved in Darwin's multicultural community, taking up a position hosting a Greek community radio show the same year, and going on to present a weekly nationwide Greek news segment on SBS Radio. Vatskalis also served a stint on the Northern Territory Police's Ethnic Advisory Committee.

Election to parliament
Vatskalis left the Environmental Health Unit in 1999, taking up a position at Danila Dilba, the indigenous health service in Darwin. However, this was to be short-lived, as he soon nominated for Labor Party pre-selection to contest the seat of Casuarina at the 2001 election. Vatskalis was successful in gaining preselection, but was not widely expected to be elected. Not only had the ALP ever won Casuarina, but Vatskalis was facing incumbent MP and Arts, Sciences and Ethnic Affairs Minister Peter Adamson. However, in an unexpected result, a massive Labor wave swept through Darwin, allowing the party to win government for the first time ever. Notably, Labor took every seat in the northern portion of the capital—among them Casuarina, for the first time ever. Vatskalis took the seat on a swing of 13 percent.
 * }

Initial success as a minister
Though he had not even been tipped to win the seat, Vatskalis was immediately appointed to the ministry upon entering parliament, with new Chief Minister Clare Martin selecting him as her Minister for Lands, Planning and Environment, Housing, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs. He sparked brief controversies in October and November, when he oversaw the sale of a large public housing complex in Alice Springs and then attempts at compulsorily acquiring homes in Berry Springs, which were dumped after a public outcry.

Despite these hiccups, he was widely seen to be an effective minister, and was subsequently appointed to three additional portfolios—Transport, Infrastructure and Essential Services in a reshuffle on 16 November. He also began to win praise from several sectors over his handling of a number of issues, including opening up a large number of new housing blocks and both introducing speed limits on the Lasseter Highway and funding road repair projects in an attempt to curb the number of road deaths. He was also responsible for closing Darwin's Lake Leanyer after a coronial inquest into a death there. In February 2002, the Northern Territory News suggested that Vatskalis had "consistently been one of the Government's better performers", though they also criticised him for not appointing "new blood" to his departments. The usually conservative tabloid made similar comments in their report on the performance of the Martin ministry on the first anniversary of the election in August, suggesting that he had "impressed observers with his willingness to confront his new responsibilities."

Difficulties and demotion
It was around this point, however, where Vatskalis' initial positive stint ended, and he began to face serious difficulties in his position. He was criticised for the sacking without explanation of one of the Territory's most senior public servants, the head of the Parks and Wildlife Service, Dr Bill Freeland, and had recurring problems surrounding the planned gas plant at Wickham Point on Darwin Harbour. As the contracts had already been signed by the Burke Country Liberal Party government, Vatskalis had little choice but to continue supporting the construction of the gas plant, despite significant pressure from angry community groups. In October 2002, Vatskalis had to be placed under police protection when he received death threats from residents angry over a decision to approve the construction of a private school in a suburban street.

In January 2003, Vatskalis—allegedly unilaterally—banned flights over the Katherine Gorge, but was forced to remove the ban less than a month later after a public outcry. He also became embroiled in a nasty stoush with the taxi industry over planned reforms, clashed with environmentalists over land-clearing around the Daly River area, and was the subject of a damaging A Current Affair report over his handling of the impact on pastoralists from the Alice Springs–Darwin Railway. These controversies were amplified by a personal scandal in August 2003, when Vatskalis was found to be offering paid translation services over the internet while an MP. Not long after, the Northern Territory media reported a number of concerns about a taxpayer-funded trip taken by Vatskalis and Chief Minister Martin in August–September.

While he had also had some successes in this period, cracking down on antisocial behavior by youths in cars, forcing licenses upon the building industry after a series of scams, and attempting to convince the federal government to hand Kakadu National Park back to the NT government—a move soon supported by MPs on both sides of NT politics—the series of incidents throughout 2003 had severely tarnished Vatskalis' reputation.

December 2003 Ministerial reshuffle
In the December 2003 ministerial reshuffle sparked by the axing of Health Minister Jane Aagaard, Vatskalis was severely demoted, losing all his portfolios except Ethnic Affairs, and being given the new responsibilities of Mines and Energy and Primary Industries and Fisheries.

Although the reshuffle had seen Vatskalis demoted, the new portfolios allowed him to move away from the areas in which he had been under siege. In his new portfolio, he signed several new resource exploration permits and launched several programs attempting to promote the Northern Territory to mining companies, in the hope of boosting the industry. He launched a significant shakeup of mining laws, blocked proposals to create a second mine in the Kakadu National Park, and oversaw the proposal to clean up the environmental damage from the abandoned Mount Todd gold mine, near Katherine. In 2006 he instigated the "China and Japan Investment attraction strategy" targeting China and Japan for the Territory's mineral resources. He led a number of delegations to China and presented the Territory's mineral wealth to mining companies and investors in China. This led to the attraction of significant investment in the mining sector by Chinese companies making China the number 1 trade partner of the territory. The success of this strategy was highlighted by the 2010 Darwin visit of the then Vice President (and current President) of China Xi Jinping.Vatskalis also won favour from the recreational fishing community, banning commercial fishing in the Adelaide River and rejecting proposals to introduce fishing licenses in the Territory.

Vatskalis faced his first electoral test at the 2005 election, and despite having won the seat from the CLP for the first time ever in 2001, was easily elected with a massive swing in his favour, amidst a landslide result across the Territory. He comfortably retained the seat again in 2008, albeit with a 4.2% swing against him, but still holding a 14% majority.

Another cabinet reshuffle on 4 February 2009 saw Vatskalis take the Government's Health portfolio from Dr Chris Burns while remaining the Minister for Primary Industry, Fisheries and Resources. In December 2009 he added the child protection portfolio to his duties.

title: Kon Vatskalis


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/La Réunion (Lot-et-Garonne)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:19, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

La Réunion (Lot-et-Garonne)
Intriguing one, this one... the text reads La reunion is a small island on the outskirts of Africa in the indian ocean which, once you get over the sloppy writing, is correct. But that's Réunion, not La Réunion in the inland Aquitaine département of Lot-et-Garonne! If such a place exists, it may be worth someone writing such an article (it may do - Google can't help, since "La réunion" means "the meeting", which crops up on about 10% of French-language pages). The current content, though, is worthless, and unrelated to the title it's under. So this should probably be deleted. Grutness...  wha?  13:33, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or speedy delete under criterion #1: There is no content here, and what word there are are incorrect.  This is not sufficient to qualify as a geo-stub, since it's barely even a sentence. Geogre 18:35, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonsense. -- BD2412 talk 01:46, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)
 * Delete little or no factual content. JamesBurns 05:58, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: Wikipedia:POTD/June 9, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/June 9, 2005


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/June 9, 2005


text:
Talk:King Solomon's Ring

NPOV Alert

This page is worthless. I expected it to contain some description of the book's contents. Instead, I get pointless information like how many times it has been printed and when it was translated to English. That's fine, but tell me what the book is about first! Somebody who knows somethng about this book needs to redo this article. Omninode 23:10, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:King Solomon's Ring


text:
User talk:Raigon.Ignatius

Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  13:31, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:ModelEngineeringCollege.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:ModelEngineeringCollege.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Longhair 02:09, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Raigon.Ignatius


text:
User talk:Gtmo

Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  13:31, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Grand Dérangement
Is Charles Robicheau really a member of Grand Dérangement? Do you have a source you could point me to?

— Firespeaker 11:51, 26 January 2006 (UTC) Please look at the Grand Dérangement page Charles Robicheau is on it. Firespeaker

title: User talk:Gtmo


text:
Zemirot

Zemirot or Z'miros (זמירות zǝmîrôt, singular: zimrah but often called by the masculine zemer) are Jewish hymns, usually sung in the Hebrew or Aramaic languages, but sometimes also in Yiddish or Ladino during Shabbat and to some extent the Jewish holidays. As a result of centuries of custom, albeit with some communal variations, each of the  has become associated with one of the three obligatory meals of Shabbat: the Friday evening meal, the Saturday day meal, and the third Sabbath meal that typically starts just before sundown on Saturday afternoon. In some editions of the Jewish prayerbook (siddur), the words to these hymns are printed after the (kiddush) for each meal.

The term is one of many that can be used to describe the table hymns of Shabbat, and the term is particularly popular in the parlance of Ashkenazi Jews. When used by Spanish and Portuguese Jews, zemirot refers to the sequence of psalms in the morning service, known to other communities by the Talmudic name p'suqe d'zimra. The Sephardic communities often use the term pizmonim to describe their own tradition of extra-liturgical, domestic songs, albeit these songs are more commonly sung at times other than Shabbat.

In Yiddish, the variant zemerl (plural: zmires) is also used.

Words and lyrics
Many derive from a corpus of poems written by various rabbis and sages during the early Middle Ages, which were then set to music at a later point, with some appropriated for paraliturgical purposes, such as the zemirot, and others for liturgical use, as with the piyyutim. The extra-liturgical domestic tradition of singing the zemirot increasingly gained a foothold in Jewish praxis by the 11th to 12th centuries. In the 16th century, especially, certain kabbalists of Safed and Italy such as Isaac Luria and Israel Najara, specifically authored texts with the intention of utilization as Sabbath song texts, helping to promote a mystical renaissance in Jewish thought they were pioneering at the time. Using the tunes or styles of surrounding gentile musical selections from the Levant and Turkey, and at times deploying their metaphorical strategies as well, these zemirot have diffused throughout the Jewish world similarly to the influential mystical ideologies on which they depend.

Others of the zemirot were likely conceived as anonymous folk songs that have been passed down from generation to generation. Lyrically, zemirot tend to focus on the themes of the Sabbath or the specific holiday being celebrated while employing intertextual references to the extended Jewish canon from sources as diverse as the Bible, mystical works like Sefer Yetzirah, Midrash, or Talmudical or legal literature for either artistic or expressive reasons. Certain songs are primarily didactic, listing Sabbath prohibitions and issuing recommendations for pious conduct, while underscoring the ideas of Shabbat as a treasure and covenant. Often the lyrical tie-in to Shabbat is merely implicit. Over time, various songs have acquired an association with the Sabbath or holidays based on their incorporation of metaphors for Shabbat such as redemption and Jewish chosenness, even when mention of Shabbat is absent. These heightened themes reinforce the spiritual goals of Shabbat observance.

Melodies
The melodies of the zemirot vary greatly from one Jewish community to another, a result of the adaptation of Jewish liturgical content to what was available, namely local tunes and/or styles of music amid non-Jews. Hence, repertoires will differ among the diverse Jewish exilic communities in which they originated. In certain European centers, the zemirot were devised to be purposely accessible, hewing close to the melodic models of German folksongs so as to support the participation of the wider community in singing. The zemirot in their simplicity often proved a counterpoint to the growing elaborateness of cantorial synagogal liturgical music. Even still, the zemirot have lent themselves to the occasional insertion of opulent cantorial phrases, differentiating these zemirot from the gentile folk repertoires by uniting them with specifically Jewish musical developments. Still, at least some Ashkenazi tunes were conceived of for soloists in a more virtuosic vein, particularly for songs with deviating verse lengths (i.e. in contrast to the norm of zemirot alternating between choruses and verses of fixed length). By contrast, Sephardic tunes are generally more florid. One famous hymn, Adon Olam, (Ruler of the Universe) has proven particularly adaptable, and has been set to numerous tunes. New tunes continue to be written today for the same ancient lyrics. It is currently relatively rare, however, for new paraliturgical texts to be written, except for in the Sephardic and Mizrachi Jewish communities, (e.g. Aharon Amram, Asher Mizrachi, etc.) where pizmonim continue to be penned.

History
The zemirot are quintessentially associated with the Shabbat table, as a domestic form of liturgy constituting a pious practice for participants and vying in stature with synagogal singing. The inclusion of songs into the gustatory rites of Shabbat is thought to help achieve the Jewish religious aspiration of transforming the domestic table into a recreation of the Temple altar. The first evidence for the practice of singing zemirot occurs in the northern French manuscript Machzor Vitry, from around the turn of the 13th century. Per scholar Albert Kohn, the Machzor Vitry included a fixed repertoire of day and evening meal songs as a rabbinic initiative to create a domestically situated liturgy complete with sophisticated song texts for the occasion, particularly from poetry written by rabbis such as Ibn Ezra and other masters. According to Rabbi Eleazar of Worms, the zemirot could also have had various functional uses, becoming ritualized occasions for separating between the obligatory meals of Shabbat lunch and the third meal, or substituting for Grace after Meals.

Friday Night Zemirot
There are three mandated meals for Shabbat, and each meal is associated with its own zemirot - yet the association was in flux, particularly when it came to separating between the Shabbat lunch and the third meal. Generally, the earliest compilations of zemirot featured very few nighttime zemirot, favoring daytime zemirot, perhaps for the functional advantages of daytime zemirot such as the greater ease of reading lyric sheets in daylight (although some commentators have maintained that a reason for lighting Shabbat candles is to enable singing of the zemirot). Generally, there are more mystically laden themes in the night meal songs compared to the daytime songs. While mystical songs like Isaac Luria's Asader Seudata trilogy were annexed to each of Shabbat's three meals, there is a greater proportion of such songs sung at night.

Among the zemirot most often associated with the Friday night meal:

Pre-Kiddush Zemirot:
 * 1) Shalom Aleichem (Unknown Author), sung to greet the visiting Shabbat angels and secure the blessings of the Shabbat angels.
 * 2) Eishet Chayil (Proverbs 31:10-31), an allegorical song about a woman of valor, often sung in praise of the participation of women in the preparations for Shabbat.
 * 3) Ribon Kol Ha'Olamim, a long prayer - not usually sung
 * 4) Azameir Bishvachin (Isaac Luria), part of Luria's Shabbat trilogy for the three Shabbat meals, taking place in the apple orchard where mystical events can take place within the sefirotic context.

Post Kiddush Zemirot:
 * 1) Bar Yochai (Rabbi Shimon Lavi) in praise of the proto-messianic contributions of the Tannaitic sage, Shimon bar Yochai, qua authoring the Zohar.
 * 2) Kah Echsof (Aharon of Karlin (I)), is a rare Hasidic zemer. There is controversy surrounding its most common melody, which may have been used for another song, before being grafted onto Kah Echsof. The song describes the soul's yearning for it to be the day of Shabbat and confines its discussion to metaphysical and spiritualistic themes. It is typically sung at all three Shabbat meals by hasidim of Karlin-Stolin.
 * 3) Yah Ribon Olam (Israel Najara), sung in Aramaic, which uses references from the Book of Daniel to describe God's ultimate sovereignty over the array of created beings.
 * 4) Kol Beruei (ibn Gabirol) rehashes the poet's Neo-Platonic philosophical conceptions of the universe and of creation.
 * 5) Kol Mekadeish affirms the importance of dedicating oneself to Shabbat observance.
 * 6) Mah Yafit
 * 7) Mah Yedidut (an otherwise-unidentified poet whose name, Menachem, is spelled by the initial letters of each stanza)
 * 8) Menuchah v'Simcha
 * 9) Odeh La'Kel (Shmaya Kasson)
 * 10) Racheim B'Chasdecha
 * 11) Tsur Mishelo
 * 12) Tsama Nafshi (Abraham Ibn Ezra) combines Neo-Platonic references and descriptions of the heavenly serenading of God.
 * 13) Ya'alah Bo'i L'Gani (Israel Najara) utilizes imagery of a garden, likening Israel to an ibex.
 * 14) Yom Zeh L'Yisrael

Saturday Lunch Zemirot
The earliest zemirot compilations featured numerous day songs. The repertoire today includes several migrant compositions like Baruch Kel Elyon that in other eras were sung to close the sabbath. One reason for this confusion could be that many of the zemirot were written to bridge Shabbat lunch and the third meal, typically by functioning as a type of musical substitute for grace after meals.
 * 1) Al Ahavat'cha
 * 2) Baruch Hashem Yom Yom (Rabbi Moreinu Shimon ben Rabbeinu Yitschak). In many communities, this song is divided, with the second part - beginning either with Bevo'o Mei'Edom or Yetzaveh Tzur Chasdo - reserved for the third meal.
 * 3) Baruch Kel Elyon (Rabbi Baruch ben Samuel)
 * 4) Chay Hashem
 * 5) Deror Yikra (Dunash ben Labrat)
 * 6) Ki Eshm'ra Shabbat (Abraham Ibn Ezra)
 * 7) Malechet Machshevet Bi (Ariel Amsellem)
 * 8) Shabbat Hayom L'Hashem (Shmuel HeHasid)
 * 9) Shimru Shabtotai
 * 10) Yom Shabbaton (Rabbi Judah Halevi)
 * 11) Yoducha Rayonai (Israel Najara)
 * 12) Yom Zeh Mechubad

Third Meal (Seudah Shlishit, Shalosh Seudos)
Seudah Shlishit ("the Third Meal") or Shalosh Seudos (literally, "Three Meals") is the third mandatory meal eaten for Shabbat, eaten in the afternoon. (See main article for practices relating to this meal.) Besides for the Zemirot listed, several of those from the second meal - Baruch Kel Elyon, Yom Zeh Mechubad, Deror Yikrah, Ki Eshm'ra Shabbat - are typically also sung.
 * 1) Askinu Seudata - B'nei Heichala
 * 2) Mizmor L'David (Psalm 23), sung three times in some communities
 * 3) The later section of Baruch Hashem Yom Yom, beginning either with Bevo'o Mei'Edom or Yetzaveh Tzur Chasdo
 * 4) Yedid Nefesh
 * 5) Kel Mistater
 * 1) Kel Mistater
 * 1) Kel Mistater

Ladino (Hekatia, Judaeo-Spanish, Judaeo-Catalan, Judaeo-Portuguese) Zemirot

 * 1) Bendigamos Al Altissimo. This is very similar to other songs about bentsching.
 * 2) Kuando el rey Nimrod
 * 3) Dezilde a Mi Amor
 * 4) Dos Amantes
 * 5) El Rey Por Muncha Madruga
 * 6) La Mujer de Teraj
 * 7) La Rosa Enflorence
 * 8) Las Compras del Rabino
 * 9) Los Caminos de Sirkeci
 * 10) Los Guisados de la Berenjena
 * 11) Marinero Soy de Amor. The lyrics are taken from poetry by Miguel de Cervantes. The song exemplifies the genre of saudade, or a song of nostalgia and homesickness sung by the Portuguese. In this case, the poem expresses an exilic longing for the high culture of the medieval Iberian Peninsula or for Zion.
 * 12) Morena
 * 13) Non Komo Muestro Dio
 * 14) Ocho Kandelikas
 * 15) Pesah en la Mano
 * 16) Scalerica de Oro
 * 17) Shir Nashir
 * 18) Yo En Estando/La Adultera

title: Zemirot