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Börje Salming

Anders Börje Salming (17 April 1951 – 24 November 2022) was a Swedish ice hockey player. He was a defenceman who played professionally for 23 seasons, for the clubs Brynäs IF, Toronto Maple Leafs, Detroit Red Wings, and AIK. He spent 16 seasons with the Maple Leafs, who retired his number 21 in 2016. Salming holds several Maple Leafs records, including the most assists.

Salming was one of the first European players to make an impact in the National Hockey League (NHL), for which he is often considered a trailblazer, being named to six consecutive NHL All-Star Teams, winning the NHL All-Star Games of 1976, 1977 and 1978, alongside being named a finalist for the James Norris Memorial Trophy on several occasions. In 1996, his first year of eligibility, Salming became the first European born and trained player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2017, the NHL named Salming one of the 100 Greatest Players in the first century of the league.

Salming played internationally for the Sweden men's national ice hockey team, winning silver and bronze medals at the Ice Hockey World Championships. He also played at three Canada Cups and the 1992 Winter Olympics. In recognition of his international career, Salming was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1998, and named to the IIHF Centennial All-Star Team in 2008.

Salming was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in July 2022. He died on 24 November 2022, days after accepting an award in what his wife announced on his behalf would be the family's final public appearance.

Early life
Salming was born on 17 April 1951 in the village of Salmi in what is now Kiruna Municipality, near Torneträsk in Jukkasjärvi Parish. His father, Erland (1921–1956), was of Sami origin, while his mother, Karin (née Persson, 1927–2022), was Swedish. His paternal grandfather Anders Nikolaus had the surname of Sarri, but changed it to Salming after the village that he and his father (Börje's great-grandfather) had built up. His father was a miner who died in a mining accident when Salming was 5 years old. Salming's older brother, and role model growing up, Stig Salming (b.1947) also played hockey, for Brynäs IF between 1968 and 1981, becoming Swedish champions six times.

Salming identified himself as indigenous Sámi and was included in the electoral roll for Sametinget. He also shared his experiences growing up as indigenous in his native Kiruna and supported the struggle for Indigenous peoples' human rights on national TV. As a reflection of his Sámi heritage, Salming often wore a traditional Sami pewter bracelet.

The Salming family resided close to a ice skating hall called Matojärvi hall where Börje started skating at the age of 6. He also played handball during his childhood.

Swedish leagues
Salming played with Kiruna AIF in Sweden's Division 2 from 1967 to 1970 before joining Brynäs in the top division between 1970 and 1973. Brynäs won league championships in 1971 and 1972 with Salming on the squad. The team's success attracted attention from Toronto Maple Leafs scout Gerry McNamara, who was initially sent to investigate Inge Hammarström, but was more impressed by Salming after seeing him play. The Maple Leafs signed Salming as a free agent on 12 May 1973.

After leaving the National Hockey League (NHL) he completed his pro hockey career with AIK of the Swedish Elite League. One of the opponents he faced at AIK was young defenceman Niklas Lidstrom, who credited Salming with encouraging his own career.

National Hockey League
Salming made his NHL debut with the Leafs at the beginning of the 1973–74 NHL season against the Buffalo Sabres. After a 7–4 victory, Salming was named the best player of the game. By the end of the season, Salming had recorded 39 points. Prior to Salming's arrival in the NHL, most North Americans considered European players too soft to play in the NHL. North American ice hockey was played in a more physical style on a smaller rink, and hockey fights were common, while European ice hockey emphasised speed and skill on a larger ice surface. NHL sources even referred to players from Sweden as "Chicken Swedes." Salming's strong performances helped to permanently eradicate that reputation.

On 4 September 1986, Salming was suspended by the NHL for eight regular season games and fined $500, because he was quoted in a Toronto newspaper in May saying that he used cocaine "five, six years ago, but not since and I feel good about saying no." The league initially suspended him for the entire season, then commuted the suspension. On 26 November 1986, late in a game between the Leafs and the Red Wings in Detroit, Salming was knocked down in front of the Leafs net and Gerard Gallant of the Red Wings accidentally cut Salming's face with his skate blade. The injury required facial cosmetic surgery that involved more than 200 stitches.

On 4 January 1988, Salming became the first European born and trained player to appear in 1,000 career NHL games. In recognition of his achievement, on 27 January (in Salming's 1,011th game), he was gifted a car driven onto the ice by his parents and friend Inge Hammarström in a surprise pre-game ceremony, inspired by a similar ceremony given by the Philadelphia Flyers to Bill Barber.

In 1989, after 16 years with the Toronto Maple Leafs, he signed as a free agent with the Red Wings, for whom he played one season to finish his career in the NHL.

In the NHL, he played 1148 regular season games (1099 of them with the Leafs) and 81 playoff games, scoring totals of 150 goals and 637 assists. Salming was named a First Team All-Star in 1977, and was selected to the Second Team in 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979, and 1980. Salming spent 16 seasons with the Maple Leafs, recording 768 points (148 goals, 620 assists). The other Toronto players nicknamed him 'The King'.

International play
Salming had an extensive international playing career. He played for the Swedish national team at the 1972 and 1973 World Championships, winning a silver and bronze medal, respectively. He also played at the Canada Cup in 1976, 1981, and 1984; and the 1992 Winter Olympics. The 1976 Canada Cup was held at Maple Leaf Gardens. Sweden faced Team USA in Toronto, and Salming received a standing ovation. Salming later commented, "I'll never forget our game in Toronto. The fans gave me a standing ovation during the introductions. I was representing my country and Canadian fans gave me a standing ovation. Sometimes hockey has no country." In recognition of his international career, Salming was named to the IIHF Centennial All-Star Team in 2008, one of five players honoured.

Retirement
After the end of his playing career, Salming launched an eponymous brand of sports underwear. In 2007, at age 56, he posed nude for 31 paintings by Swedish graffiti artist Johan Wattberg. Ten of the paintings were displayed in Sweden, with the remaining 21 (matching his jersey number) displayed in Toronto.

Personal life
Early in his career as a Leaf, Salming resided in the High Park neighbourhood in Toronto with his wife Margitta, a children's-wear designer; they later divorced.

In 2016, he married Pia Salming. Salming had four children: Theresa and Anders with first wife Margitta, and Rasmus and Bianca with his ex-partner Katarina. His daughter Bianca Salming is a heptathlete.

Health issues and death
In February 2022, Salming began to experience an unusual twitching motion in his muscles, which later forced him to prematurely exit an alumni game in March. In mid-July, Salming was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, commonly known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's Disease. On 10 August, Salming publicly revealed his diagnosis via a statement shared through the Toronto Maple Leafs organization. Following his diagnosis, Salming developed severe depression. Appearing in public on 17 October, for the first time since his diagnosis, Salming revealed that his condition had worsened: he had lost the ability to speak, requiring him to use a tablet computer for communication, and required a feeding tube for meals.

On 11 November 2022, despite his diagnosis, Salming made the annual trip to Toronto for the Maple Leafs' Hall of Fame induction weekend game, where he was part of an emotional pre-game moment where lifelong friend Darryl Sittler helped Salming wave to the crowd. The following night, the Maple Leafs honoured Salming in their game against the Vancouver Canucks, featuring a pre-game ceremony dedicated to the defender where a tearful Salming dropped the puck in the ceremonial face off. The Maple Leafs selected a unique starting line-up of six Swedish players to honour Salming's career.

The following week, on 17 November 2022, Salming was elected to the all-star team of the century and was awarded the NHL's Honorary Award at a ceremony in Sweden. Following the ceremony, Salming's wife announced that the event would be the family's final appearance.

One week later, on 24 November 2022, Salming died at the age of 71. His death made national headlines in Canada and in Sweden, with several organizations, athletes, and celebrities offering tributes to his life. For the remainder of the 2022–23 NHL season, the Maple Leafs wore commemorative shoulder patches in Salming's honour, with the team also making several donations to ALS research. On 30 November 2022, a moment of silence was held at Scotiabank Arena to honour him during a game where the San Jose Sharks visited the Toronto Maple Leafs. A private funeral was held at Skogskyrkogården on December 20, 2022. Three days earlier, his mother Karin died aged 95.

One year after his death, the Börje Salming Courage Award was established, which is given to the European NHL alumnus who has been a positive influence in their community and best embodies Salming's legacy. Nicklas Lidström, who had considered Salming to be his personal hero, was awarded the inaugural trophy on 16 November 2023. His death, along with the death of Chris Snow, the Calgary Flames assistant general manager,    inspired all seven Canadian NHL teams to collectively fight ALS through the ALS Super Fund.

Honours and awards
In November 1996, Salming became the first Swedish player to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2017, the NHL itself named Salming one of the '100 Greatest Players' in league history.

On 4 October 2006, Salming's no. 21 was honoured by the Leafs in a ceremony, along with Red Kelly's and Hap Day's no. 4, before their first game of the 2006–07 season. On 15 October 2016, to mark the centennial season of the Maple Leafs organization, Salming's number 21 was formally retired in a pre-game ceremony alongside other franchise greats who received the same honour for their respective numbers.

 * Named to the All-Star Team at the World Ice Hockey Championships in 1973.
 * Named to the Swedish All-Star Team in 1973 and 1989.
 * Named to the NHL First All-Star Team in 1977.
 * Named to the NHL Second All-Star Team in 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979 and 1980.
 * Named to the Canada Cup All-Star Team in 1976.
 * Named to the IIHF Centennial All-Star Team in 2008.
 * Named to the Swedish All-Star Team of the Century in 2022.
 * Awarded the Viking Award (Best Swede in North America) in 1976, 1977 and 1979.
 * Awarded the Molson Cup (Most 3 Star Selections) in 1974, 1977, 1978 and 1980.
 * Awarded the Charlie Conacher Humanitarian Award in 1982.
 * Awarded the NHL Honorary Award in 2022.
 * Played in and won the NHL All-Star Games of 1976, 1977 and 1978.
 * Played for Team NHL in the 1979 Challenge Cup.
 * James Norris Memorial Trophy runner-up twice, finished top 5 in voting 7 times.
 * Inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1998.
 * Number (21) Retired by the Toronto Maple Leafs
 * '100 Greatest Players' in NHL history
 * Swedish Ice Hockey Association All-Century Team

Records

 * Salming holds six career and single season Toronto Maple Leaf records including most career points by a defenceman, most career goals by a defenceman, most career assists (any position), most assists in a season by a defenceman, and best career plus-minus.
 * First Swedish player (and the second European player, after Vladislav Tretiak) to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.

Regular season and playoffs

 * Reference:

International

 * Reference:

title: Börje Salming


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Wildstyle

Wildstyle is a complicated and intricate form of graffiti, the most complex type of graffiti piece. Due to its complexity, wildstyle can be difficult to read for those unfamiliar with the form and process. It is considered the most difficult graffiti style to master.

Form
Wildstyle is an extremely complex form of graffiti in which letters have been transformed to the point that it is illegible to those who are not familiar with this style. This illegibility is sometimes considered a defining trait of the style.

Wildstyle has drawn inspiration from traditional calligraphy and has been described by some as partially abstract but does have specific traits associated with the form. The letters in wildstyle graffiti are often highly exaggerated with curves and overlapping, intertwined, and interlocking letters. Arrows are very common in wildstyles, and are used to suggest flow. Wildstyle pieces often use large amounts of vibrant colours. It is also common practice to incorporate 3D elements into wildstyle paintings.

Some pieces that are considered on the borderline between what is and isn't a wildstyle are called semi-wildstyle or semi-wild.

History
The term "wildstyle" was popularized by the Wild Style graffiti crew formed by Tracy 168 of the Bronx, New York in 1974 and was named after his crew, Wild Style. The style became more popular throughout the 1980s.

Phase 2 is also credited as one of the earliest writers of wildstyle.

Complex and elaborate graffiti writing had previously been known by various names such as "mechanical letters" and "bubble letters". Its first instances were generated as early as 1970, by legendary writers like RIF, Phase 2, and Stan 153 and the crews that they founded in the early 1970s centred around Manhattan subway lines and surrounds. Kase2 later introduced "computer-rock". As this stylistic approach developed, the Wild Style crew expanded and spread throughout New York City.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wildstyle


text:
Peter Tsao

Peter Tsao Kwang-yung, CBE (1989) (Chinese: 曹廣榮; born 7 October 1933, Shanghai – died 5 June 2005, Thailand) was a career civil servant of Hong Kong.

Life and career
Tsao was Secretary for Administrative Services and Information (行政司) and Secretary for Home Affairs (政務司) of colonial Hong Kong Government from 1985 to 1991. He was the primary ethnic Chinese individual to be in a secretary-level position during frontier organization. He was described as "Bad Boy Tsao" in headlines in 1986 when he was posted to Brussels as representative for Hong Kong trade relations with the European Union.

In 1950, he emigrated to Hong Kong where he was educated at St. Joseph's College, Hong Kong. In 1955 he began working at the Royal Observatory as computing officer (grade III). He later worked as hygiene officer at the government and graduated from National College of Food Technology in London in 1960 and has a Diploma in Food Hygiene from the Royal Society of Health, London. He further worked as assistant trade officer until his retirement in 1991. In 2005, he died in Thailand, aged 71.

Later positions

 * 1979 – Director of Trade, Industry and Customs
 * 1981 – Director of Industry
 * 1983 – Director of Information Services
 * 1986 – Representative to Brussels
 * 1986 – Secretary for Administrative Services and Information
 * 1990 – Secretary for Home Affairs (4th ranked)

title: Peter Tsao


text:
I Wanna Be Your Lover

"I Wanna Be Your Lover" is a song by American recording artist Prince. It was released on August 24, 1979, as the lead single from his second album, Prince. The song was Prince's first major hit single in the United States, reaching number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 on January 26, 1980, holding the number 11 position for two weeks, and peaking at number one on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles chart for two weeks.

Composition
"I Wanna Be Your Lover" was written after Warner Bros. requested a follow-up to Prince's debut album For You, which had underperformed commercially. In response, Prince recorded "I Wanna Be Your Lover." Musically, it is a funk song sung exclusively in falsetto, detailing Prince's love for a woman and how he would treat her better than the men she is with, and frustration that she thinks of him as "a child".

The single edit stops after 2:57, but the album version goes off on a jam of keyboards and synthesizers, including a Polymoog, played by Prince.

It was later revealed that the song concerned a crush Prince had at the time on pianist and singer Patrice Rushen.

Promotion
Prince promoted the song by lip-syncing it with his band on The Midnight Special and American Bandstand, where he gave host Dick Clark an awkward interview, answering his questions with one-word answers. Prince claimed to be 19 but was 21 at the time. Clark later said, "That was one of the most difficult interviews I've ever conducted, and I've done 10,000 musician interviews."

The song was also Prince's debut single released in the UK; it was not a hit, only reaching No. 41 on the UK Singles Chart and when Prince tried to promote it with shows in London, he was forced to cancel due to poor attendance.

The song additionally reached No. 2 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart and No. 2 in New Zealand.

Prince included a sample of this song in the opening of his 1992 hit single "My Name Is Prince".

Music video
There are two versions of the music video of the hit single. The main version has Prince in an unbuttoned leopard shirt and jeans singing alone in a black background with only a mic, notably with straight/wavy hair and a departure from his afro from a year before. Various shots show him playing the instruments by himself.

The other version, which has not aired and was not featured on The Hits Collection compilation shows Prince and his band members performing the song in a painted room. The video was pulled due to skimpy clothing and a sexually suggestive theme (Prince was clad in blue stockings and a tan shirt).

Track listings

 * 7" single
 * A. "I Wanna Be Your Lover" (edit) – 2:57
 * B. "My Love Is Forever" – 4:08

 * 7" single (UK)
 * A. "I Wanna Be Your Lover" (edit) – 2:57
 * B. "Just as Long as We're Together" (edit) – 3:25

 * 7" single (DEU)
 * A. "I Wanna Be Your Lover" (edit) – 2:57
 * B. "Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?" – 3:49

 * 12" single (UK)
 * A. "I Wanna Be Your Lover" – 5:47
 * B. "Just as Long as We're Together" – 6:24

 * 12" promo
 * A. "I Wanna Be Your Lover" (edit) – 2:57
 * B. "I Wanna Be Your Lover" – 5:57

Personnel
Information taken from Benoît Clerc and Guitarcloud.

 * Prince – lead and backing vocals, electric and acoustic guitars, clavinet, Yamaha CP-70 electric grand piano, Oberheim 4-Voice, Polymoog, Minimoog, ARP String Ensemble, bass guitar, drums

title: I Wanna Be Your Lover


text: User talk:24.214.236.114

title: User talk:24.214.236.114


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Atlilar casulaty list

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  14:03, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Atlilar casulaty list
As with the above casualty list, I don't see how this is notable. Wikipedia is not a memorial. --Xcali 21:42, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete regretfully the numbers killed in tragedies and wars are notable - but the individuals are not in themselves. WP:NOT a memorial --Doc --Doc (?) 22:40, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above CDC   (talk)  00:26, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete "casulaty list" -- WP is not a memorial, though perhaps, as others have said, there should be a memorial wiki of some sort. --Chiacomo (talk) 03:20, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete wikipedia is not a memorial, as sad as it is these individuals arent notable. JamesBurns 06:02, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as being outside the boundaries of Wikipedia's editorial policy. Please see What Wikipedia is not, which lists memorials as a non-encyclopedic item. -- ChrisO 07:04, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Talk:Sodium sulfate

Videos
I must say that the videos are excessively long... Several minutes to demonstrate a point that is made within seconds...Sikkema (talk) 14:38, 31 March 2008 (UTC)
 * You're right. Would you have the means (software?) to make these ones shorter, or (lab?) to make shorter ones?  Wim van Dorst  (talk)  17:32, 31 March 2008 (UTC).

I just want to say thank you for including those videos - they're really handy in knowing what to expect from the process. I've been told I need to do it, so I know about the method in theory but didn't know how it would look when I actually have to try it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.38.32.218 (talk) 12:39, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

Melting point
Is 32.4 C really the temperature at which this salt undergoes a phase transition, or is that the temperature that the hydrated crystal loses it's water molecules (and subsequently, the salt dissolves in the freshly released water)? Pkeck 05:08, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

 * It is the latter that occurs, it dissolves into its water of hydration. 32.4 C is a kind-of magic temperature for Na2SO4. If you look in the Physical and chemical properties section you can see this in the graph, and also in the final paragraph: "This nonconformity can be explained in terms of hydration, since 32.4 °C corresponds with the temperature at which the crystalline decahydrate (Glauber's salt) changes to give a sulfate liquid phase and an anhydrous solid phase." Walkerma 16:36, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Image
I have some nice images of crystals of this compound that will do it more justice than the little pile of white crystals on a watchglass. I will add the image in with the other two. If you feel that it should be moved to a seperate part of the article or if the original or my image should be completely removed, don't hesistate to say something. Dormroomchemist 07:42, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

-I'm not too surefooted with posting images and the sandbox feature appears to have been repeatedly hacked, so I'm not going to post it tonight. When I viewed the image in its final size, I was unimpressed, so I will grow a large single crystal of the decahydrate (very easy) and post that. Dormroomchemist 07:56, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I posted the original picture. If you can get a nice crystal, that would be great!  I've found lighting to be critical for getting nice pictures of crystals, bright sunlight is best.  Let me know if you need help uploading the image, and also I recommend you post to Commons] so other Wikipedias can use your picture.  Be sure to put GFDL, CC or public domain for the copyright. Thanks a lot! Walkerma 16:28, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

Trona?
Under other names, Trona is listed, but trona is the name for the mineral form of (Na3HCO3CO3·2H2O), according to the article on trona. I am removing this error from the page. If I am somehow wrong, please correct me. Dormroomchemist 07:37, 15 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I was the one who put this information in, because I got it from Kirk-Othmer, but in my reading since that time I've seen it used in reference to the carbonate. I seem to recall Kirk-Othmer also mentioned that much of the US supply comes from a town called, you guessed, Trona.  I wonder if both minerals occur together?  Anyway, better to be safe - thanks for removing it. Walkerma 16:19, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

Conversion from Glauber's salt article
I plan to expand this article to a full-sized chemistry article soon. Does anyone mind if I rename it as sodium sulfate, with Glauber's salt as a redirect? I will not remove the interesting background on Glauber's salt, don't worry! Walkerma 21:42, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course we don't mind: this is the proper thing to do. If I had had the time to start on it, the renaming would be the first action. Support. Wim van Dorst 20:58, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC).

Go on.
Although sodium sulfate is generally regarded as non-toxic, handle it with care.

Keep going... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.72.9.37 (talk • contribs)
 * Thanks! Not exactly sure what you mean, though.  --Dirk Beetstra T  C 18:12, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Delisted GA
This article has been removed from the GA list due to lack of references. Tarret 18:11, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Failed "good article" nomination
This article failed good article nomination. This is how the article, as of March 21, 2007, compares against the six good article criteria:

 * 1. Well written?: The lead goes straight into the details without really giving an introduction.
 * 2. Factually accurate?: More references could help. The following statement has perhaps too many references: "Sodium sulfate is chemically very stable, being unreactive toward most oxidising or reducing agents at normal temperatures." This leaves entire sections unreferenced.
 * 3. Broad in coverage?: "History" and "Precautions" need expansion.
 * 4. Neutral point of view?: Good.
 * 5. Article stability? Good.
 * 6. Images?: Good.

When these issues are addressed, the article can be resubmitted for consideration. If you feel that this review is in error, feel free to take it to a GA review. Thank you for your work so far.

King of ♥   ♦   ♣   ♠  19:44, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

 * GA review (see here for criteria)

King of ♥   ♦   ♣   ♠  19:44, 21 March 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) It is reasonably well written.
 * a (prose): b (MoS):
 * 1) It is factually accurate and verifiable.
 * a (references): b (citations to reliable sources):  c (OR):
 * 1) It is broad in its coverage.
 * a (major aspects): b (focused):
 * 1) It follows the neutral point of view policy.
 * a (fair representation): b (all significant views):
 * 1) It is stable.
 * 2) It contains images, where possible, to illustrate the topic.
 * a (tagged and captioned): b lack of images (does not in itself exclude GA):  c (non-free images have fair use rationales):
 * 1) Overall:
 * a Pass/Fail:
 * a Pass/Fail:

Good Article Review
The article was GA-delisted for failing the in-line references technical requirement. This has been taken care of, and the article was renominated. The renominated failed because of the above mentioned arguments. In my perceptions, the requirements for GA are over-estimated by the GA-renomination auditor. This article in my perception should very reasonably be considered GA-class or even A-Class, albeit not FA-Class yet. Wim van Dorst (Talk)'' 00:08, 24 March 2007 (UTC).
 * I think I would agree that this article is good (admittedly I have some bias), but also KOH with his slightly "caustic" (geddit?) comments has given us a thoughtful, objective review. We should really try and find which specific things he disliked (e.g., which sections need improvement in prose).  I'm sure that if we try and polish this article, we can make it better; if we do a good job of polishing we can nominate it for FA.  I know many of our better articles have specific sections (often on trivia) that have attracted many short anon contributions, and these may need to be polished or chopped down - in this article it's the "other applications".

 * From what I've seen of the GA reviews, one problem we may face is that chemical papers do have their own style, and some stock phrases. A non-chemist may not like some of these phrases, and think them odd.  I'm thinking of the toluene review recently, where the reviewer disliked things like "Around 25 times more reactive" and "Undergoes smooth sulfonation".  These are standard chemistry phrases you'll find both in papers and textbooks, but clearly they sound funny to non-chemists.  I think we need to try and find out what the reviewer specifically dislikes, and see if we can come up with things that sound OK to both chemists and non-chemists alike.  What would they prefer?  (Actually I think toluene should be a B, it needs work IMHO).  It's a nuisance, I agree, but I suspect that we may end up with an article that is stronger for it.

 * There is another issue here, namely that GA and FA are widely considered to be getting closer and closer together in terms of standards. It used to be that there was a perceptible difference between the prose standards allowed for GA compared to FA, but I think that has largely disappeared.  I think it became difficult to hold the line and pass GAs when imperfections were apparent to the experienced reviewer.  The main difference now, I think, is that there is only one reviewer spotting things instead of several!  But pass/fail doesn't really matter too much overall - we should always be striving to make the articles better. Walkerma 03:34, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Indeed you bring forward the important points, as well as the good positive attitude towards continuous improvement with both have my full support. That GA and FA are getting closer is a pity, in my humble opinion, as I'm don't feel like making an effort on behalf of GA, and shall be going for the more substantial and better balanced discussion of FA instead. And I agree on the other re-nominations failing (hence B-Class), so there I intentionally did not ask for a review. PS. Have a nice trip. Wim van Dorst (Talk)'' 09:45, 24 March 2007 (UTC).
 * The review resulted in no change in status, review archived here: Good article review/Archive 16. Homestarmy 00:04, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

Swimming Pools
"Sodium sulfate can be used in swimming pools, hot tubs and spa bathing waters to reduce the alkalinity of the waters."

Is there a citation for this? I feel the author has confused sodium sulfate with sodium bisulfate. This also contradicts an earlier portion of the article which says (correctly) that sodium sulfate is a neutral salt. Finally I have looked at the msds of many "pH down" products for swimming pools. Most of which are >90% sodium bisulfate with a small percentage of sodium sulfate. This small percentage of sodium sulfate I assume comes from the manufacturing process of Sodium bisulfate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.177.145.241 (talk • contribs)
 * You're right. I deleted the faulty paragraph. Wim van Dorst (Talk)'' 22:06, 29 June 2007 (UTC).

Sodium sulfate is NOT a neutral salt- while sulfuric acid is a strong acid, only the first dissociation is strong. Sulfate is the conjugate base of the weak acid bisulfate, albeit a very weak base since bisulfate is a relatively "strong" weak acid. For example, a 1 M solution of sodium sulfate has a pH of approximately 7.8. Will someone please rectify this? Mdewman6 (talk) 05:08, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

Producer links
The links to producers are simply WP:SPAM. The links contain little or no information and Wikipedia is not for their promotional purposes. Removing again. Vsmith 12:59, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing out your view of this. I'm glad this time you gave appropriate attention to which links you have deleted, and have taken the opportunity to explain your emphatic behaviour. To accommodate your opinion, I have re-introduced only two producer links (there is no commerce behind them, so they are clearly not wp:spam, however, to make this even more clear, I have make the URLs to deeplink into the producer website, directly to the specific sodium sulfate information. I hope you can also see my point of view, and not delete any more. Wim van Dorst (Talk)'' 23:12, 11 July 2007 (UTC).

 * I do understand, but even those two deep links have very little information and linking to just a couple or a few commercial suppliers constitutes promotion or favoritism - simple spam. Now, I see that you are a signatory of WikiProject Chemicals and should be aware of Template:Chembox new which allows direct connection to external sources through the CAS number search function. Given this any commercial links in the external links section should be removed. So the sodium sulfate article should be edited to use the new chembox and remove any promotional external links. Vsmith 00:42, 12 July 2007 (UTC)
 * So, when I provide balanced links for all major sodium sulfate producers, you call it WP:SPAM because it is just an overview of links, and when I therefore reduce it to just those list which have more specific information, you call it WPSPAM because it is favoritism. I do get the impression here that you can't have it both ways, you know. And yes, perhaps I'll use the cas-search, although I'm not intending to re-create the chembox with the new template as that one has other problems as well. Wim van Dorst (Talk)'' 20:39, 12 July 2007 (UTC).
 * I stand by Wim here. Too often on Wikipedia we are so worried that we will be promoting a company that we lose sight of our mission, to provide complete encyclopedic information on the topic.  How can you have a complete article (which we want to make int an FAC - yes I plan to add more soon, Wim) on a major industrial product and avoid mentioning the main producers of that product?  If you look at an article like automaker, it is (quite appropriately) full of company names like Ford, Toyota, etc.  Why should one industrial product (the car) get different treatment from another (sodium sulfate)?  I agree that we shouldn't promote one manufacturer over another.  But we also shouldn't turn all commercial information into a taboo and make our encyclopedia into the equivalent of the birds and the bees). Walkerma 03:11, 13 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Hmm... your example automakers article sorta falls flat. There are no external links to Ford, Toyota, etc., only internal links to articles about the individual companies. Likewise, with chemicals, if individual producers are notable - then articles should be written about them and linked to from the chemical article. Wikipedia is not a link farm - and linking to information poor promotional websites is specifically discouraged. The CAS# capabilities of the new chembox neatly provides access to producer information without violating Wikipedia rules on promotional external links. Why should chemical articles be exempt from those rules? Perhaps this discussion should be moved to the wikiproject talk page for more input. Vsmith 03:35, 13 July 2007 (UTC)
 * As I understand it, the new chembox is designed for all chemical compounds, to avoid us having 5000 pages all linking to Aldrich, Fisher, etc., and I fully support that excellent approach to generic commercial information. This is a different situation - we are talking about companies producing huge tonnages of this commodity chemical, not merely distributing a laboratory reagent.  In my view, the key thing is to include the names producers (taken from impartial sources, which these are).  If links are so much of a problem, people can always use Google, but I think the article would be stronger with links, until such time as (as with the major automakers) there are separate articles on the companies themselves (which include links to the companies' websites).  We also need to make sure we are balanced in our linking; to me, that is more important than deeplinking in this particular case.  Good idea to raise this at WP:Chem, we need to agree on a policy for all major commodity chemicals. Walkerma 04:09, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

Solubility in water
The article is inconsistent with regard to the solubility in water at 0°C: If the heptahydrate's solubility is 19.5 g/100 ml (as the article and PubChem state), then that's the same as 10.33 g anhydrous sodium sulfate dissolving in 100 ml + 9.17 g water, or about 9.5 g Na2SO4/100 ml H2. That's about twice the other value in the article for 0°C, which is supposedly the solubility of anhydrous Na2SO4. Icek (talk) 19:50, 26 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I'm noticing that "heptahydrate" is only used once, and "decahydrate" everywhere else. My suspicion is a cut-and-paste error. Do the numbers work out for decahydrate? If so, you can just change the one word from "hepta" to "deca".
 * Riventree (talk) 03:22, 31 January 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 06:26, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Saltcake?
Re-directed here from saltcake but there's no mention of the term in the article - perhaps it got lost in the conversion from Glauber's Salt mentioned above? I came from the context of historical glassmaking in Nailsea, UK - I wonder if saltcake is a term particular to glassmaking or more general? If the former it could go in the Applications section, if the latter then all the more reason to have some info. Dichohecho (talk) 12:40, 4 June 2019 (UTC)

Further to this, Glauber's Salt redirects to Sodium sulfate, but [Mirabilite] starts "Mirabilite, also known as Glauber's salt," - that seems a little messy. Also leads me to the question - is the form used in glassmaking specifically mirabilite? I'm not a materials scientist or in possession of a big book on minerals so I don't feel qualified to start drawing the distinctions. Dichohecho (talk) 12:43, 4 June 2019 (UTC)

 * @Dichohecho 2405:205:C848:B7AA:0:0:F02:20B1 (talk) 22:16, 23 May 2022 (UTC)

Add Garabogaz' content to this article?
For Natural_sources, add this,"(i)t is one of few places in the world where naturally deposited sodium sulphate exists in commercially exploitable quantities," to the section? -- Ktsquare (talk) 22:33, 2 September 2020 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose to merge mirabilite into sodium sulfate. It seems to be the same material as Glauber's salt, which also redirects into sodium sulfate.--Smokefoot (talk) 13:43, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose. It is common practice to have separate articles for chemical compounds and for minerals composed of that compound. See, for example, Niter; Nahcolite; Halite; Telluric iron; or Sylvite. An article discussing a substance as a chemical compound has a different scope from an article discussing a substance as a naturally-occurring mineral. --Kent G. Budge (talk) 14:06, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Agree with Kent, this is an absurd proposal. Quartz is not just silicon dioxide.--Vsmith (talk) 14:10, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Absurd? I can see that one might disagree, but absurd?  Not particularly collegial. --Smokefoot (talk) 14:31, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Comment If Glauber's Salt refers to mirabilite specifically, the redirect should be retargeted there. Mdewman6 (talk) 18:58, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

Thermal Storage
"The high heat storage capacity in the phase change from solid to liquid, and the advantageous phase change temperature of 32 °C (90 °F) makes this material especially appropriate for storing low grade solar heat for later release in space heating applications."

What material specifically? One of the hydrated forms? 4.7.90.234 (talk) 18:06, 13 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sodium sulfate


text:
Fred Scanlan

John Frederick Scanlan (May 5, 1877 – November 11, 1950) was a Canadian amateur ice hockey player in the era before professional ice hockey. Scanlan was a forward who played for the Montreal Shamrocks and Winnipeg Victorias. Fred Scanlan was a Stanley Cup champion with the Shamrocks in 1899 and 1900. He died in San Francisco. He was buried in the family plot in Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.

Scanlan was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1965.

Playing career
Scanlan joined the senior Montreal Shamrocks for the 1897–98 season. He played four seasons with the Shamrocks, members of Cup championship squads in 1899 and 1900. He played on a forward line with other notable players Arthur Farrell and Harry Trihey. In 1901, Scanlan moved to Winnipeg. He played two seasons with the Winnipeg Victorias before retiring from competitive ice hockey. During his career, he scored 28 goals and had 9 assists in 40 regular season games and six goals in 17 games of playoff and Stanley Cup games.

In November 1903, he moved to San Francisco, California.

Awards and achievements

 * Stanley Cup Championships (1899 & 1900)
 * Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1965

title: Fred Scanlan


text:
Ghost Soldiers

Ghost Soldiers: The Epic Account of World War II's Greatest Rescue Mission (Doubleday, 2001) is a non-fiction book written by Hampton Sides. It is about the World War II Allied prison camp raid at Cabanatuan in the Philippines.

Synopsis
In late January 1945, 121 Ranger volunteers set out to attempt a rescue of over 513 Allied prisoners of war in a Japanese camp near the Philippine city of Cabanatuan. The prisoners, survivors of the Bataan Death March, had lived in deplorable conditions for three years, suffering from starvation, tropical diseases, and abuse from Japanese soldiers. Ghost Soldiers recounts the story of the prisoners, the Ranger unit performing the raid, and the Filipino guerrillas who provided assistance. A massacre of American soldiers at Palawan alerted U.S. commanders to the danger of mass POW murder as the Japanese retreated from the Philippines. As a consequence, they planned and executed a mission to rescue the POWs from Cabanatuan prison camp. Ghost Soldiers provides historical background to the events leading to the raid, detailed accounts of camp conditions, the prisoners' heroic will to survive, and the planning and successful execution of the rescue.

Film adaptation

 * The movie The Great Raid was partially based on Ghost Soldiers, along with William Breuer's The Great Raid on Cabanatuan.
 * The movie I Was an American Spy was based on the exploits of Claire Phillips, an American spy undercover as a cabaret owner in Manila.

Awards and honors

 * 2001 New York Times bestseller, Nonfiction #7
 * 2001 Amazon.com Best Books, Top 25 Editors' Favorites, #4
 * 2002 PEN Center USA Literary Awards, Research Nonfiction

Reviews

 * New York Times, “Books Of The Times"; A Heroic Military Rescue After the Hell of Bataan”
 * Kirkus Reviews; “An extraordinary tale of bravery under fire and the will to endure…”

title: Ghost Soldiers


text:
Global Rocket 1

The Global Rocket 1 (GR-1; Глобальная ракета, ГР-1) was a Fractional Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS) intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) developed but not deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The system also was given the NATO reporting name SS-X-10 Scrag, and carried a Soviet GRAU index of 8K713 (8К713).

Development
In 1961, faced with the prospect of development in the United States of an anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system to intercept conventional ICBMs, the Soviet Union began development of a fractional orbital bombardment system (FOBS) to defeat these interceptors. Soviet Chief Designer, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev designed the Global Rocket 1 (GR-1). The concept was to construct a missile that could be launched into low Earth orbit (150 km), from which a 1500 kg nuclear warhead equipped with a deorbit stage could be dropped to its targets in a non-ballistic manner and without giving away its target until final descent. This concept would allow for very little warning to the U.S. because the rocket would be able to approach the United States from any direction and avoid missile tracking radar by flying below its coverage. Not only could such a missile hit any point on Earth, but the enemy would also be uncertain when it would be deorbited onto target. The main disadvantage was lower accuracy of the warhead in comparison to an ICBM. Korolev insisted on sticking to the liquid oxygen/kerosene propellants of his R-9 Desna ICBM design, despite the military's preference for the more toxic but storable propellants used by other designers. The GR-1 was intended to utilize the launch pads of Korolev's R-9 Desna which was being phased out of service.

Korolev unofficially started work on the missile on 15 March 1962 based on a verbal go-ahead by Khrushchev. The draft project for the GR-1 was completed in May 1962, and a mock-up had already been built and drawings released to the production shop by the time the official resolution was issued on 24 September 1962. Test flights were scheduled to start in the third quarter of 1963. Further development of the GR-1 missile was halted in 1964 in preference of the orbital R-36 missile.

The GR-1 project was cancelled in 1964 citing engine delays, a fate which became permanent for all of the FOBS designs after the SALT II agreement of 1979. Even earlier, in 1972, the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty removed the primary reason for such a weapon.

Operator

 * : The Soviets cancelled the GR-1 before it entered operational service with the Strategic Rocket Forces.

title: Global Rocket 1


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/1963-1967 Turkish Cypriot Casualty List

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:58, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

1963-1967 Turkish Cypriot Casualty List
As with the above casualty list, I don't see how this is notable. Wikipedia is not a memorial. Blatant POV. --Xcali 21:44, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete regretfully the numbers killed in tragedies and wars are notable - but the individuals are not in themselves. WP:NOT a memorial --Doc (?) 22:28, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As per Doc.--Nabla 00:18, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)
 * Delete.This is pure sensationalism.--Jsone 05:58, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete wikipedia is not a memorial, as sad as it is these individuals arent notable. JamesBurns 06:03, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Since as the writer of this article, I am ineligible to vote, but I think it important to let you know that the entry contains names only. I did not write 'memorial' headings.  It was meant only as a listing, hard as that may be to believe.  I am pro-TRNC, but my motive for this section is solely as a reference. Expatkiwi 21:10, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * AFAIK, there's no reason why you shouldn't vote - please do vote if you wish to. -- ChrisO 09:47, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as being outside the boundaries of Wikipedia's editorial policy. Please see What Wikipedia is not, which lists memorials as a non-encyclopedic item. -- ChrisO 07:04, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)* *
 * Delete To be fair, maybe I should create a page for a memorial of the missing Cypriots from the 1974 invasion by Turkey and for all those Cypriots killed by the right wing extremists (TMT and EOKA 2)because they wanted their country to be UNITED and not divided. But I prefer not to because this is not wikimemorial. Dude, make your own webpage for this stuff. You are too desperate. (UNFanatic)
 * I think he already has his own webpage on this subject (see http://www.argyrosargyrou.co.uk ) - unfortunately he seems to be intent on dropping his own very contentious content into Wikipedia, regardless of our editorial requirements. -- ChrisO 22:06, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Link does not work from where I am.(138.5.98.65)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Milt Schmidt

Milton Conrad Schmidt (March 5, 1918 – January 4, 2017) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre, coach and general manager, mostly for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL), where he was a member of the Kraut Line. He was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1961. In 2017, Schmidt was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.

Early years
Schmidt's early years were spent in Kitchener, where he attended King Edward Public School. In high school, he briefly attended Kitchener-Waterloo Collegiate and Vocational School, but dropped out at age 14 to work to support his family (his father had become too ill to work regularly), and took a job at a shoe factory. He made 18 cents per hour ($ per hour in dollars) while working there and claimed that he knew the value of the dollar. He continued playing junior hockey with the Kitchener Empires and Kitchener Greenshirts. Schmidt was a childhood friend of fellow Hall of Famers Woody Dumart and Bobby Bauer. At the age of 20, while playing for the Boston Bruins' AHL farm team, the Providence Reds, Schmidt was invited to try out for the St. Louis Cardinals pro baseball team, but knew himself well enough from his youth baseball experience that while he could hit the ball out of the park, he would strike out many more times than hitting home runs.

Playing
Schmidt played junior hockey with Dumart and Bauer in Kitchener, Ontario, before their rights were all acquired by the Bruins in 1935. After playing a final year of junior hockey in Kitchener, Ontario, and half a year with the Providence Reds, Schmidt was called up to the Bruins during the 1937 season. He quickly proved himself to be a hardnosed centre, a skilled stick handler and smooth playmaker.

Schmidt and his childhood friends Bauer and Dumart were teamed up together in the NHL as well. They formed the Kraut Line and were a strong and dependable line for the Bruins for most of the following fifteen seasons. They were a key ingredient to the Bruins' success as they rampaged to the regular season title and a hard-fought Stanley Cup victory in 1939. The following season Schmidt became a star, as he led the league in scoring and guided the Bruins to another first-place finish and the third-most goals in team history to date.

The 1941 season saw Schmidt spearhead the Bruins to their second Cup win in three years. However, the powerhouse Brown and Gold were decimated by World War II the following year as Schmidt, Bauer, and Dumart enlisted in the Canadian military, and superstar American goaltender Frank Brimsek enlisted with the United States Coast Guard. The Kraut Line found success playing hockey for the Ottawa RCAF team by winning the Allan Cup before heading overseas. Schmidt, Bauer, and Dumart ultimately missed three productive NHL seasons due to their service in the War.

Schmidt returned for the beginning of the 1946 season. He resumed his starring ways and finished fourth in league scoring in 1947. Named captain in 1951, Schmidt won the Hart Trophy as the league's most valuable player that year.

In the later part of his career, Schmidt became friends with journalist Leo Monahan who travelled with the team on overnight train rides. One train ride Schmidt recalled that "Leo was in the berth above me and I was down below. Throughout the night, he told me, he did not move for fear he would do something that would keep me awake".

Schmidt retired as a player partway through the 1954–1955 season to take over head coaching duties, replacing Lynn Patrick.

Coaching
Schmidt coached the Bruins up to the 1966 season with a year and a half hiatus, leading them to the Stanley Cup Finals in 1957 and 1958. He also was Boston's assistant general manager.

After coaching the Bruins for 11 seasons Schmidt was promoted to the general manager position in 1967 just as the league ushered in six new franchises, doubling in size. Schmidt proved to be a great architect in the new era of the NHL, acquiring and drafting several key players to build a Bruins team that won two more Stanley Cups in 1970 and 1972. His biggest deal was a blockbuster as he acquired Phil Esposito, Ken Hodge and Fred Stanfield from the Chicago Black Hawks in exchange for Pit Martin, Gilles Marotte and Jack Norris.

After his long and loyal career in the Bruins organization, Schmidt left the team to become the first General Manager of the expansion Washington Capitals on April 20, 1973. Unfortunately for Schmidt, the Capitals set a benchmark in futility that still stands as an NHL record today, as the new franchise finished the year with a minuscule 21 points with the worst record in the 18-team league (8–67–5).

Regular season and playoffs

 * Bold indicates led league

Retirement and death
Schmidt was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1961 and his #15 jersey was retired by the Bruins. After he retired from hockey management, Schmidt remained involved with the Bruins through their alumni team and as manager of the Boards and Blades Club at the Boston Garden. On October 6, 2010, the Bruins celebrated Schmidt's 75 years with the team during Milt Schmidt Night. On this night he received 2 commemorative Stanley Cup miniatures to represent the two cups he had brought to the club, plus he raised his number to the rafters inside TD Garden. He was the last surviving member of both the Bruins' 1939 and 1941 Stanley Cup teams. Schmidt was also the last living NHL player to play in the 1930s and the last to have played against the Montreal Maroons (a team that folded in 1938).

On October 20, 2016, Schmidt along with Bobby Orr dropped the ceremonial puck at the Boston Bruins' first home game of the season.

Schmidt died after a stroke on January 4, 2017, in a retirement facility in Westwood, Massachusetts; at the age of 98; at the time of his death he was the oldest living former NHL player, and the last living player from the AHL's inaugural season. Following Schmidt's death, Chick Webster became the oldest living NHL player. Schmidt is buried alongside his wife at the Highland Cemetery in Dover, Massachusetts.

Tribute
Upon hearing of Schmidt's death, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman issued the following statement: "It would be a challenge to find anyone who took greater pride in being a Boston Bruin than Milt Schmidt did--be it as a player, an executive or an ambassador over the 80-plus years he served the franchise, the city of Boston and the National Hockey League. Milt's respect for the game was matched by his humility and was mirrored by the great respect with which his opponents, and generations of Bruins players, treated him through the years."

Awards and achievements

 * Stanley Cup champion - all with Boston (1939 and 1941 as a player), (1970 and 1972 as general manager)
 * NHL Scoring Champion in 1940.
 * Named to the NHL First All-Star Team in 1940, 1947 and 1951.
 * Played in NHL All-Star Game in 1947, 1948, 1951 and 1952.
 * Won the Hart Trophy in 1951.
 * Named to the NHL Second All-Star Team in 1952.
 * His #15 Jersey was retired by the Boston Bruins on March 13, 1980.
 * Won the Lester Patrick Trophy for contributions to hockey in 1996.
 * At the time of his retirement, was fourth in NHL history in points scored and third in assists.
 * Was the last active NHL player who played during the 1930s.
 * The first former player to win a Stanley Cup with the same franchise as their general manager (1970), an achievement only matched by Serge Savard (1986) and Joe Sakic (2022).
 * In 1998, he was ranked number 27 on The Hockey News' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.
 * In January 2017, Schmidt was part of the first group of players to be named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.

title: Milt Schmidt


text:
Mola (art form)

The Mola or Molas is a hand-made textile that forms part of the traditional women's clothing of the indigenous Guna people from Panamá and Colombia. Their clothing includes a patterned wrapped skirt (saburet), a red and yellow headscarf (musue), arm and leg beads (wini), a gold nose ring (olasu) and earrings in addition to the mola blouse (dulemor). Two groups, Choco and Cuna lived side by side without intermarriage and without adopting a similar culture. In Dulegaya, the Guna's native language, "mola" means "shirt" or "clothing". The mola originated with the tradition of Guna women painting their bodies with geometric designs, using available natural colors; at a certain point, after the arrival of the Spanish, these same designs were woven in cotton, and later still, sewn using cloth "acquired by trade from the ships that came to barter for coconuts during the 19th century".

Development of the style
Two groups, Choco a group who lives near the Isthmus known as Darien were the body painters. Molas may have their origin in body painting. In 1514, Pasqual de Andagoya, arrived in Darian and wrote.. the women are very well dressed, in embroidered cotton mantles which extend down so as to cover their feet, but the arms and bosom are uncovered." They did not wear blouses even in 1688 until they had been introduced by the missionaries.

Only after colonization by the Spanish and contact with missionaries did the Guna start to transfer their traditional geometric designs on fabric, first by painting directly on the fabric and later by using the technique of reverse appliqué. It is not agreed when this technique was first used. It seems to have been popular in the second half of the nineteenth century. In 1924, Lady Brown refers to the dress of the medicine man/ Kantules as "dressed up the knees in long covered with cabalistic characters...all worked into, or let into, the cloth in a form of patchwork."

As an inspiration for their designs, the Guna first used the geometrical patterns which have been used for body painting before. In the past, they have also depicted realistic and abstract designs of flowers, sea animals and birds, and popular culture.

Depending on the tradition of each island, Guna women begin the crafting of molas either after they reach puberty, or at a much younger age. Women who prefer to dress in western style are in the minority as well as in the communities in Panama City.

Construction
Molas are hand-made using a reverse appliqué technique. Several layers (usually two to seven) of different-colored cloth (usually cotton) are sewn together; the design is then formed by cutting away parts of each layer. The edges of the layers are then turned under and sewn down. Often, the stitches are nearly invisible. This is achieved by using a thread the same color as the layer being sewn, sewing blind stitches, and sewing tiny stitches. The finest molas have extremely fine stitching, made using tiny needles.

The largest pattern is typically cut from the top layer, and progressively smaller patterns from each subsequent layer, thus revealing the colors beneath in successive layers. This basic scheme can be varied by cutting through multiple layers at once, hence varying the sequence of colours; some molas also incorporate patches of contrasting colours, included in the design at certain points to introduce additional variations of color.

Molas vary greatly in quality, and the pricing to buyers varies accordingly. A greater number of layers is generally a sign of higher quality; two-layer molas are common, but examples with four or more layers will demand a better price. The quality of stitching is also a factor, with the stitching on the best molas being close to invisible. Although some molas rely on embroidery to enhance the design, a good looking mola is always constructed using the reverse-appliqué method as the leading technique. A mola can take from two weeks to six months to make, depending on the complexity of the design.

Molas in Guna Culture
Several early influences can be attested: a small colony by Christopher Columbus in 1502, a Scottish colony established in the south of Darien, in 1698; the Calvinist or French Huguenots settled and married some Cuna women, even though they were killed in 1757. Ultimately a Spanish colony was established in 1790.

By 1907, the traditional costume of a Guna woman consists of a patterned blue cotton wrapped skirt, red and yellow headscarf, arm and leg beads, gold nose rings and earrings and the many layered and finely sewn mola panel blouse.

The artistry of a mola reflects a synthesis of traditional Guna culture with the influences of the modern world. Mola art developed when Guna women had access to store bought yard goods. Mola designs are often inspired by modern graphics such as political posters, labels, pictures from books and TV cartoons, as well as traditional themes from Guna legends and culture.

Geometric molas are the most traditional, having developed from ancient body painting designs. Many hours of careful sewing are required to create a fine mola. The ability to make an outstanding mola is a source of status among Guna women.

The quality of a mola is determined by such factors as the number of layers, fineness of the stitching, evenness and width of cutouts, addition of details such as zigzag borders, lattice-work or embroidery, color combination, and, as Mari Lyn Salvador put it, "skillful manipulation of the technical process and the amount of work involved, together with the design considerations which include filled space, repetition with subtle variation, subtle asymmetry, visibility, complexity, and interesting subject matter".

Since mola panels have been worn as part of the traditional blouse of a Guna woman, they often show signs of wear such as fading and stitch marks along the edges of the panels. These "imperfections" indicate that the mola is authentic and not made solely to be sold to tourists, albeit a strong production of molas for the sole purpose of a sale to outsiders started to flourish after the second World War. Molas are very sturdy and well sewn. Authentic molas have already been washed many times and can be safely hand washed in warm water. Molas are often sold in pairs, the pair consisting of the back and front panels of a blouse. The two molas are usually two variations on a theme. Matched molas complement each other and should be kept together.

Banning of Molas
In 1919, the Panamanian government began a policy of forced assimilation banning mola's dress and nose piercing in women. The government introduced these laws to Westernize Guna society and assert control.

There was a strong link between traditional dress and Guna culture and identity. Molas have such an importance for the Guna people and their traditional identity that they can be considered responsible for the independent status of the Comarca Kuna Yala.

After the attempt of the Panamanian government to "westernize" the Guna, the Guna greatly objected to the control on their cultural dress, and ethnic identity, and showed great strength in their reaction to the bans implemented by the government, leading to the Guna Revolution.

In 1925 for three years following the revolution, women were required to once again adopt traditional dress as a form of rebellion against the government. Women on Nargana and other more progressive islands were forced to wear mola, even if they had never worn this traditional dress, and their noses had to be pierced by force.

title: Mola (art form)


text:
User talk:Jdubuc

Image:Tomato hornworm.jpg
The source for this image appears to be, which states that the image may be used for any non-commercial purpose, provided the source is credited. There are two problems with this. First, you didn't credit the source, so it was a copyright violation to even have it on Wikipedia before I tagged it. Second, Wikipedia does not accept images that only have non-commercial licenses, because the Wikimedia Foundation or others may want to sell copies of Wikipedia in the future. Now that I've tagged it this image may be deleted without warning as per. DopefishJustin (･∀･) 21:45, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Petti.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Petti.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
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Thanks. Weatherman90 03:29, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Petti.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Petti.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. SteinbDJ 16:36, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jdubuc


text:
Category:Currencies of Israel

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Currencies of Israel


text:
User talk:K-unit~enwiki

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:44, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:K-unit~enwiki


text: Category:Mozilla Thunderbird

title: Category:Mozilla Thunderbird


text:
Buckbarrow

Buckbarrow is a small fell in the English Lake District overlooking the western end of Wastwater. It is featured in Alfred Wainwright’s Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells and is given a height of 1,410 ft approximately; however, the Ordnance Survey and other guidebooks now give an altitude of 423 m (1,388 ft). The fell’s name means ‘The hill of the buck or goat’. It is derived either from the Old English word bucc meaning buck or the Old Norse word bokki meaning a male goat.

Topography
The Western Fells occupy a triangular sector of the Lake District, bordered by the River Cocker to the north east and Wasdale to the south-east. Westwards the hills diminish toward the coastal plain of Cumberland. At the central hub of the high country are Great Gable and its satellites, while two principal ridges fan out on either flank of Ennerdale, the western fells in effect being a great horseshoe around this long, wild valley. Buckbarrow is an outlier of the southern branch of the horseshoe.

Buckbarrow is not really a separate hill, but just the craggy end of the southern ridge of the neighbouring fell of Seatallan, which reaches a height of 692 m (2,270 ft). Seatallan itself lies to the south of the main ridge, connecting to Haycock across the Pots of Ashness depression.

Seatallan's south-western ridge falls gently at first across the broad green expanse of Nether Wasdale Common, finally narrowing to a point at Cat Bields (500 m or 1,640 ft), a mile from the summit. From here the slope continues in the same direction to the Greendale- Gosforth road, its progress only briefly interrupted by the few desultory rocks of Gray Crag. A smaller spur runs out south from Cat Bields, only resolving into a definite ridge some way down the slope at Glade How (435 m or 1,425 ft). This cairned top is recognised as a summit by some guidebooks. A little to the south of Glade How the spur ends in a wall of crag, dropping 900 ft to the road below. This is Buckbarrow.

Buckbarrow's crags face the Wastwater Screes across the foot of the lake, aping their more famous neighbours in miniature. About three quarters of a mile in length, the principal features of Buckbarrow's southern face are Long Crag, Pike Crag, Bull Crag and Broad Crag. The western boundary is formed by Gill Beck, flowing between Buckbarrow and the main ridge of Seatallan. To the east the crags overlook Greendale Gill, the boundary with Middle Fell.

Geology
The northern parts of Buckbarrow, blending into the slopes of Seatallan, are overlain by drift deposits, much peat being in evidence around Glade How. The summit area shows outcropping of the Birker Fell Formation, an undivided sequence of generally plagioclase-phyric andesite lavas with subordinate sills. At the bottom of the slope are examples of granophyric microgranite, representative of the Ennerdale Intrusion. Dykes of basalt and dolerite run through both formations.

Summit
The nearest to an actual summit given the limited prominence is a rocky mound set back from the rim of crags. Much finer views can be obtained from the lower rocky knoll which stands above Pike Crag. Buckbarrow gives good views of Wast Water as well as the Wast Water Screes. The full length of the lake can be seen from Pike Crag, along with a fine view of Great Gable and the Scafells.

Ascents
The fell is usually climbed from the minor road which runs along the base of the hill. From here Buckbarrow looks quite formidable and the crags are a deterrent to a direct ascent; however, all danger can be bypassed by starting the climb at the more westerly point of Harrow Head farm and following Gill Beck up to a height of around 350 m (1,150 ft) before bearing north easterly to the highest point above the crags. An alternative is to climb from Greendale, via Greendale Gill and Tongues Gills. Buckbarrow can also be bagged almost as an afterthought as the walker descends from Seatallan. Buckbarrow's formidable crags are a popular rock climbing venue.

title: Buckbarrow


text:
LyddAir

LyddAir is a British charter airline based at Lydd Airport, Kent, United Kingdom. It operates scheduled charter passenger services, air charter and air freight services, as well as an ACMI or fractional ownership programme. It is based at Lydd Airport.

History
The airline was established and soon started operations in June 1997. Jonathan Gordon (Managing Director of LyddAir) acquired Lydd Airport in June 1996 and a year later started Sky-Trek Airlines as a wholly owned subsidiary of his aviation consultancy, Atlantic Bridge Aviation. It was relaunched as LyddAir in April 2002. The airline is wholly owned by South East Airports and has seven employees (at March 2007).

In November 2018, it was announced the airline had ended scheduled flights and continue to focus on charter flights only.

Fleet
As of April 2022 the LyddAir fleet includes the following light aircraft:

Historical fleet

 * Beech Jet 400A

title: LyddAir


text:
Matt Silverstein

Matthew Richard "Matt" Silverstein (born April 1, 1979) is an American television writer and co-creator with Dave Jeser of the Comedy Central adult animated sitcom Drawn Together. He has also written for other television shows including 3rd Rock from the Sun, The Man Show, Action, Greg the Bunny, Axe Cop, The Goode Family and The Cleveland Show, and also created the MTV animated comedy DJ & the Fro in 2009. He cowrote the script to the film Accidental Love.

Biography
Silverstein was raised in a Jewish family in Oradell, New Jersey. Silverstein graduated from the Dwight-Englewood School in Englewood, New Jersey which he attended with Jeser. In 2015, Silverstein, along with Dave Jeser, developed author Joshua Miller's Golan the Insatiable for television appearing on Fox Television in May 2015. Producers were Jeser, Silverstein, Hend Baghdady and Nick Weidenfeld.

title: Matt Silverstein


text:
P&W

P&W may refer to:
 * Passion and Warfare – an album by Steve Vai
 * Philadelphia and Western Railroad
 * Poets & Writers – a nonprofit literary organization
 * Portland and Western Railroad
 * Pratt & Whitney – an aircraft engine manufacturer
 * Pratt & Whitney Measurement Systems – a maker of metrological equipment
 * Providence and Worcester Railroad

title: P&W


text:
Aleksandr Gurevich

Aleksandr Viktorovich Gurevich (Александр Викторович Гуревич; 19 September 1930 – 21 July 2023) was a Soviet and Russian physicist. In 1992 he proposed the theory of lightning initiation known as the "runaway breakdown".

Gurevich was born on 19 September 1930. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1952. In 1984 he became a Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Russian Academy of Sciences since 1991). He was the head of the I. E. Tamm Theoretical Department at the Lebedev Physical Institute. From 2010 he was the head of Academic Department of Physics and Astrophysics Problems in Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

Aleksandr Gurevich died on 21 July 2023, at the age of 92.

Fields of Research
His work has focused on:

 * Plasma kinetics (1955-)
 * Ionospheric physics (1955-)
 * Nonlinear dynamics of non-collisional plasmas (1963-)
 * Nonlinear waves in dispersive hydrodynamics (1973-)
 * Artificial ionized layers in the atmosphere (1977-)
 * The electrodynamics of neutron star magnetospheres (1983–1993)
 * Nonlinear dynamics of dark matter (1988-)

title: Aleksandr Gurevich


text:
Talk:Kim Walker (actress)

Fair use rationale for Image:Kim Walker.jpg
Image:Kim Walker.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 17:56, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

that picture is not kim walker, that's amanda peterson from other 80's movies. also blonde and also dead, but 2 different dead blondes. Jhole (talk) 01:31, 12 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for spotting that. It is indeed Amanda Peterson as verified with this obituary which uses the same image. -- Whpq (talk) 02:51, 12 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kim Walker (actress)


text:
Sweeney Schriner

David "Sweeney" Schriner (November 30, 1911 – July 4, 1990) was a Russian-born Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Americans and Toronto Maple Leafs. He was named Rookie of the Year in 1934–35 and was the NHL scoring leader in 1935–36 and 1936–37. Schriner was named to honorary all-star teams in numerous leagues throughout his career and played with the NHL All-Stars in the Howie Morenz Memorial Game in 1937. He won two Stanley Cup championships with the Maple Leafs, in 1941–42 and again in 1944–45. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962.

Though his family emigrated to Canada when he was an infant, Schriner was the first Russian-born player. in NHL history. He grew up in Calgary, where he played baseball in addition to hockey, and returned to the city following his career. He often assisted players at the University of Calgary; the Canada West Universities Athletic Association awards the David "Sweeney" Schriner Trophy to its top scorer each season.

Early life
Schriner was born in Saratov in the Russian Empire; however, his family emigrated to Calgary, Alberta, Canada when he was a month old. He was a natural athlete and in his youth played football and soccer competitively, but was especially fond of hockey and baseball. His hero growing up was a semi-professional baseball player by the name of Bob Sweeney. Schriner emulated Sweeney's playing style and as a result earned the nickname "L'il Sweeney", later shortened to just "Sweeney". Schriner preferred his nickname so much that he refused to respond to anyone who addressed him by his given name of David.

He learned the game of hockey on Calgary's outdoor rinks and played his minor hockey in the city. Schriner was a member of the Calgary Canadians junior team that appeared in the Memorial Cup playdowns in both 1930 and 1931, before he turned to senior hockey with the Calgary Bronks. He was a top scorer in the Alberta Senior Hockey League; his 19 goals and 22 points in 1931–32 and 22 goals and 26 points in 1932–33 were all league-leading totals.

Playing career
The New York Americans invited Schriner to their training camp in 1933. They were impressed with his skating ability and signed him to a contract to play for their International Hockey League (IHL) affiliate, the Syracuse Stars. He appeared in 44 games with the Stars in 1933–34 where he totaled 18 goals and 11 assists. The Americans promoted him to their lineup to start the 1934–35 NHL season, and in doing so, made Schriner one of the first Russian-born players in NHL history. He quickly emerged as an offensive star; he was third in scoring among players in the Canadian Division at the midway point of the season. The NHL named him rookie of the year after he finished the year with 18 goals and 40 points.

Schriner continued to display his scoring ability in his second season. He scored four goals in a 5–5 tie with the Toronto Maple Leafs in the Americans' second game of the 1935–36 season, en route to a 45-point season that led the league in scoring. Additionally, the Canadian Press voted him to the first All-Star team for the season. He again led the league in scoring in 1936–37, with 46 points, and was named to the second All-Star team. Prior to the start of the 1937–38 NHL season, Schriner played for the NHL All-Stars at the Howie Morenz Memorial Game. The game was a fundraiser to support the family of Howie Morenz, a Montreal Canadiens star who died due to complications following a broken leg suffered the previous season. Schriner scored one goal in a 6–5 victory by the All-Stars over the Canadiens.

After five seasons in New York, the Americans dealt Schriner to the Maple Leafs in May 1939 in exchange for five players: Jimmy Fowler, Busher Jackson, Murray Armstrong, Doc Romnes and Buzz Boll. The five-for-one trade was unprecedented in the NHL at that time. Schriner remained an effective scorer in Toronto, where he earned his second first All-Star team selection of his career in 1940–41. One year later, he was instrumental in the Leafs' comeback in the 1942 Stanley Cup Finals. He scored the tying and winning goals in Toronto's 3–1 victory in the seventh game against the Detroit Red Wings to win the Stanley Cup, a moment described as being one of his greatest thrills in hockey. It was Toronto's first championship in ten years, and the Maple Leafs became the first team in NHL history to overcome a 3–0 series deficit to win a best-of-seven playoff series with their victory over Detroit.

Frustrated by what he felt was too much individualism in the game, Schriner contemplated retiring from professional hockey in favour of taking up a coaching position in Alberta's senior league. He had a change of heart and returned to the Leafs for the 1942–43 NHL season. Schriner again announced his intention to leave the game in June 1943, this time citing past injuries to his knee and dissatisfaction with Leafs' owner Conn Smythe's contract offer for the following season.

Leaving Toronto, Schriner returned to Calgary and joined an Army/Navy team in the Alberta Garrison League for the 1943–44 campaign, where he was named to the military league's second all-star team at left wing. Following the local season, Schriner signed with the Vancouver St. Regis of the Pacific Coast Hockey League for their playoff run. He scored nine points in three games before a protest by the team's opponent resulted in both his and Vancouver's suspension by the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA). He was still considered a professional player, and thus ineligible to play senior hockey. Schriner appealed the decision, citing his position as a member of the Royal Canadian Naval Reserve. Rules of the time that automatically restored the amateur status of all active military personnel, however the CAHA ruled that a reserve officer was not the same as soldier on active duty. Schriner's participation in the series did not impact the outcome of the series as Vancouver was eliminated by the New Westminster Lodestars, who won all three games of the series.

Schriner returned to the NHL and the Maple Leafs in 1944–45. He played two more years in Toronto before announcing his retirement for the third time in 1946. He returned to Alberta to coach the Lethbridge Maple Leafs of the Western Canada Senior Hockey League (WCSHL) for two seasons before once again returning to the ice as a player with the Regina Capitals. He finished fourth in WCSHL scoring in 1948–49 and was named to the league's second all-star team. Schriner and the Capitals won the WCSHL and Western Canadian championships, but fell to the Ottawa Senators in the 1949 Allan Cup final.

Following the season, Schriner ended his playing career for the fourth and final time. He coached a season of senior hockey in Nova Scotia, after which he returned to Alberta where he briefly coached the Crow's Nest Pass Coalers in the Western Canada Junior Hockey League in 1951.

Schriner was a durable player for much of his career. He played every game for his teams in his first six professional seasons, failing to miss a contest until his first year with the Maple Leafs. He was regarded as one of the best puck handlers of his time, and his 201 career NHL goals ranked him as one of the game's top goal scorers of his era. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962, and the Canada West Universities Athletic Association awards the David "Sweeney" Schriner Trophy to its top scorer each season.

Personal life
Following his retirement, Schriner returned to his Calgary home and worked in the city's oil and gas industry until retiring from that career in 1977. He and his wife Marie had two children, Norman and Joanne, and he had one sister, Mary. Schriner remained active within sport, working with the Calgary Oldtimers Hockey Association and making frequent visits to the University of Calgary to speak with young players who viewed him as a role model. He became an avid curler and golfer in his retirement.

title: Sweeney Schriner


text:
Kutless (album)

Kutless is the debut album of Christian rock group, Kutless, released July 16th, 2002. The songs "Run" and "Your Touch" both reached No. 1 song on ChristianRock.net, and "Tonight" was in the Top 5. The album reached The Billboard Top Heatseekers Albums chart peaking at No. 48. The album also reached the Billboard Christian Albums chart peaking at No. 27. It is the only Kutless album to feature bassist Nathan Stuart, who left the band shortly after its release.

Personnel
Kutless
 * Jon Micah Sumrall – lead and backing vocals
 * James Mead – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
 * Ryan Shrout – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Nathan Stuart – bass guitar
 * Kyle Mitchell – drums, percussion

Additional musicians
 * Aaron Sprinkle – pianos, programming, loops, guitars
 * Phillip A. Peterson – cello
 * Ben Hulbert – rap (5)
 * Danielle Capps – backing vocals (12)

Production
 * Aaron Sprinkle – producer, engineer
 * Brandon Ebel – executive producer
 * J.R. McNeely – mixing at Hipposonic Studios
 * Troy Glessner – mastering at Spectre Studio, Renton, Washington
 * Asterik Studio – art direction, design, layout
 * Kris McCaddon – band photography

Studios
 * Recorded at Compound Recording, Seattle, Washington
 * Piano recorded at Hipposonic Studios, Vancouver, B.C.
 * Drums recorded at Spectre Studio, Tacoma, Washington

Music videos
Three music videos were released for this album, the most of any Kutless album to date. The video for "Your Touch" consists of the band playing in an empty building and walking around the streets surrounding it. The video for "Tonight" includes many varied shots of the band on tour, from playing on stage to talking to fans to many other activities. Finally, the video for "Run" shows the band playing in a dark room while the video tells a story of a woman and a man who argue over a Bible that belongs to one of them, and it ends with the woman sitting down and reading the Bible. All three of these videos were included on various compilation DVDs, as well as the special edition DVD of Kutless' album Hearts of the Innocent.

Note: At 3:40, the music video of "Your Touch" is shorter than the album version of the song at 4:23.

title: Kutless (album)


text:
Talk:Daniel Band

Thank You
Daniel Band...Thank You for your Music. I only knew a few people who knew of you, But your music rocked for Jesus and it was good! It charged me with doing all I could for Jesus. What more can I say..."Free from Sin" and the song that went "Come in to my Life" were leap years ahead of must artist at the time. Thank You, Steve, Houston,Texas.

 * Their song "I'm Sorry" from their first album was my favourite. Paradiso 05:17, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Daniel Band - I too thank you for the timely music. I was coming out of secular rock during the early 80's and your music was instrumental in my transition to christian rock and above all, my still rock solid relationship with Jesus. My deep heartfelt thank you to every member of the band. I still enjoy listening to your music to this day. I hope to someday see your concert, which I have not yet been able to attend. God's blessings be upon you all! Steve - Meridian, Idaho  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.129.135.243 (talk) 21:46, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

I'm Sorry, but you know......what...about The Daniel Band??
Just curious to know why you are trying to cyber-bully in regards to Canadian Christian rockers?? 1)Daniel Band won the 2011 Lifetime Award, following Connie Scott's father, Connie herself, Hockus Pick, and GB Shea....I've touched one of the awards the night after it was presented! 2) Wayne Morgan is now in Kenya a BUWC Mission Partner. 3) They were at Cornerstone 2000; want to see a programme..

This is one reason why I'm rarely on wikipedia. If you want to be a revisionist historian, go ahead. I've got better things to do with my life, than put up with childish antics from someone using a pseudonym of a German War historian.
 * I'm not cyber-bullying. I don't think you know what the term means when you use it like that. I suppose you're talking about my adding citation needed to additions. My actions are simply attempting to maintain quality on Wikipedia. I have nothing against the band, except maybe that they haven't re-issued all of their material on CD (my vinyl is wearing out). I'm just aware of what Wikipedia is supposed to look like and I want the quality of this article to be adequate.
 * When adding any material to Wikipedia, except for common knowledge, it must be referenced with reliable sources. See WP:RS. So a program for CStone 2000 is not a reliable source. A write-up in Cornerstone HM, or and publication that covered the event would be. --Walter Görlitz (talk) 02:46, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * No one is questioning your knowledge of the band, only whether it's referenced or not. --Walter Görlitz (talk) 02:47, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * As a casual observer, this edit could be construed as bad faith. It would be better to call edits like this unhelpful or unreferenced, so as not to antagonize or discourage a well-meaning editor. Calling a good faith edit vandalism certainly isn't bullying, but it is not the most polite way to go.-- ¿3fam  ily6  contribs 03:55, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * No. The removal, without explanation, of referenced material while adding a misleading comment is blatant vandalism. --Walter Görlitz (talk) 04:41, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Where is that in the edit? I can't find it.-- ¿3fam  ily6  contribs 14:12, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * "Some rewording, link to GMA lifetime award" when the edit removes the three CN tags. That's not rewording, that's avoiding clarifying the questions. I believe I've found a reference for the middle one of those three CN tags in the Encyclopedia of CCM. --Walter Görlitz (talk) 15:36, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * That would be disruptive editing, not vandalism. But I'll just drop the subject. The situation has clearly been sorted out, further discussion will only aggravate.-- ¿3fam  ily6  contribs 18:18, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

Associated acts
Per WP:BRD, Template:Infobox musical artist clearly states that the associated_acts template is to be used to list "Other acts with which this act has ... toured with as a single collaboration act playing together". As stated in the Encyclopedia of CCM, "For a time the group toured as Larry Norman's backing band." (p. 232). I'm not sure how that's not a collaboration act playing together? The Rez association is more tenuous and certainly referenced, but Norman should be restored. --Walter Görlitz (talk) 18:43, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Okay, sorry about the Norman one. It isn't mentioned in the article, so I didn't know.-- ¿3fam  ily6  contribs 20:52, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Yeah. I will expand the article with the E of CCM material this weekend. Some great stuff in the one column devoted to the band, some of which is missing, and as noted, one thing that has a CN is confirmed there! Oh, and Full Circle Jesus Music's podcast released last night featured music from and about Canada, and of course DB is mentioned. --Walter Görlitz (talk) 21:07, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Daniel Band


text:
Bulverde

Bulverde may refer to:
 * Bulverde, Texas
 * Bulverde or PXA27x, an Intel XScale processing chip

title: Bulverde


text:
Talk:Jehovah's Witnesses and governments

Please see the following archives for older discussion.
 * Archive 1 (2005 to 2008)

Inappropriate Tone Tag 2 Years Old
The Inappropriate tone tag on this article is over 2 years old now. I don't see any discussion of what needs to be done to improve the article's tone here or in the archive. (The archive only contains discussions about a specific paragraph that no longer seems to exist, and a merge proposal that was withdrawn.) Meanwhile, there was work done on the article in 2008 and 2009.

Does this article now qualify to have this tag removed, or should some goal be specified that would bring it into compliance? Downstrike (talk) 19:01, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

Basis of Political Neutrality
I added a sentence to the end of the second paragraph, to fulfill a request made at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jehovah%27s_Witnesses#Political_neutrality_2010-03 It was suggested there that this is the appropriate article for this information. Downstrike (talk) 20:20, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

Article purpose
The purpose of this article and Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses need to be better defined. There is currently quite a lot of duplication.-- Jeffro 77 (talk) 09:21, 19 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I've had this article on a mental far-back burner for some time. IMHO, this article should discuss more than just civil liberties, although civil liberties are a worthy section. Also needed is discussion of JW beliefs, precedents, and incidents related to voting, jury duty, taxation, immigration, reporting crimes, civil service, compulsory alternate (nonmilitary) service, acceptance of political appointments, clergy-penitent privilege, relative subjection, etc. I'm not in a hurry. --AuthorityTam (talk) 21:18, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Some good ideas; some (e.g. jury duty, taxation) probably don't necessitate more than a sentence or two. Detail relating to persecution should be briefly mentioned at this article, but should mostly be farmed out to the Persecution article. Conversely, details at the Persecution article that are actually opposition rather than (i.e. without) persecution should not be at that article—where there is government opposition, that belongs at this article. ("You can't preach here" is opposition, not persecution.)
 * The two articles are also in my 'B'-list.-- Jeffro 77 (talk) 08:19, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

Second sentence unreferenced
It says: "In many areas, government officials have praised their work in the fields of linguistic education along with disaster management relief in instances of national or international crisis."

Also, I query whether they face legal and governmental "opposition" just because they have had to face the courts over, I assume, the blood issue, freedom of speech and religion, and child custody cases. In the main, society has shown great tolerance towards Jehovah's Witnesses, even though they are quite unpopular. Seeing as I am not able to access the reference given, could a quote be given in the footnote to substantiate the claim made?

As I wrote on the talk page to the main Jehovah's Witnesses article about a year or so ago, Watchtower Society publications are not ideal to use as references because they are self-published and not referenced much by university-published books, such as Penton's. Self-published books are frowned upon by Wikipedia. I can't figure out how to access the rules at present, but I remember reading that.

Mandmelon (talk) 12:13, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

I've found the rule about self-published sources. They can be used as experts on themselves, which would be the case here, so long as there are no claims made about third-parties - so the WTS publications can't be used as experts about the legal or governmental systems, unless someone else quotes them, in which case there would be a different reference to use. Also, the article cannot be primarily based on self-published sources, even if those sources satisfy all other criteria. This is because "anyone can create a website or pay to have a book published, then claim to be an expert in a certain field."

Mandmelon (talk) 12:34, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

Nazi tyranny of JWs remembered
Read this article from JW' official website and consider some of informations incl. book citations there to implicate in this article. A 15-minute exposé of Nazi tyranny remembered 75 years later --FakTNeviM (talk) 14:16, 21 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment above is duplicated at Talk:Jehovah's Witnesses. Please discuss there.-- Jeffro 77 (talk) 01:02, 23 June 2012 (UTC)

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