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Keir, Dumfries and Galloway

Keir is a civil parish, containing the small village of Keir Mill, in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, one mile south of Penpont. It was founded in the late eighteenth century.

Overview
The village was the birthplace of Kirkpatrick Macmillan, the inventor of the bicycle. A plaque on his home, Courthill Smithy, commemorates this. He is buried in the parish church.

The church itself is in the Gothic style, of Capenoch ashlar, and was built from 1813 to 1815 by architect William Burn. In 1880 a vestry was added by James Barbour.

The other notable building in the village is the Mill, built in 1771.

title: Keir, Dumfries and Galloway


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Farquhar Atoll

The Farquhar Atoll is part of the Farquhar Group of islands in the Seychelles, part of the Outer Islands chain. It is located 770 km southwest of Mahé Island and the capital, Victoria, 258 km north of Madagascar, and around 1000 km from the East African mainland.

History
The atoll was named in honor of Robert Townsend Farquhar in 1824. Fishing camps were established on North Island in 1850. From the early to mid-sixteenth century, the atoll had been vaguely named after Portuguese explorer João da Nova, who first encountered Farquhar and the Outer Islands while commandeering his country's expedition to India in 1504. Administration of the islands were a grey area for a time, with both Mauritius and Seychelles claiming ownership. In 1881, officials in Seychelles suggested that Farquhar Atoll (along with several other outer islands) be administered from their capital, Victoria, rather than from Mauritius. There were objections, as the owners at that time were based in Mauritius; after considerable political debate, the Mauritian owners lost their case, with administration being subsequently passed from Mauritius to Seychelles.

By 1960, the village on the northern tip of South Island was abandoned. From 1965 until Seychelles independence (in 1976), Farquhar was a part of the British Indian Ocean Territory. In 2004, there were basic infrastructure renovations on the atoll. In 2014, the Island Conservation Society opened a conservation centre on North Island.

On 16 April 2016, Farquhar Atoll was hit by Cyclone Fantala, the strongest tropical cyclone ever recorded in the southwestern Indian Ocean. The storm surge destroyed most of the buildings on the atoll, excepting the cyclone shelter. The Islands Development Company (IDC) commenced the rebuilding and rehabilitation of the island's infrastructure, rebuilding the guest house and hotel for groups taking reserved catch and release flyfishing trips (operated by Alphonse Fishing Company).

Geography
The atoll is located at -10.16667°N, 51.13333°W. It is the most southerly part of the Seychelles. The total area of the atoll, including the large lagoon, is 170.5 km2. The land area is 8.357 km2. Farquhar Atoll is notable for its high sand dunes, some of which reach to over 23 m in height.

List of islands
The main group of islands form a long curve which describes the eastern side of the atoll. Largest of these are North Farquhar and South Farquhar, with the smaller Manaha islands between them. Farther south is Goëlettes. To the extreme western side of the atoll lies the island of Sable, and near it a small group known as Trois Islands.

Demographics
There is a small settlement on North Island.

Administration
The island belongs to Outer Islands District. Being an island with a small population, there are not any government buildings or services. For many services, people have to go to Victoria, which is a difficult task.

Transport
North Farquhar is bisected by a 1170 m paved airfield that is located near North East Point. The island is occasionally serviced by an Island Development Company (IDC) aircraft from Mahé. There is a jetty in the settlement

Economics
The inhabitants on the island are engaged in very small scale farming, livestock, salted fish production and coconut processing which include production of copra, pounac and coconut oil. In addition, there is a small guesthouse that caters mainly for fly-fishing clients during October to April.

Flora and fauna
The islands of Farquhar (excluding the North and South Islands and the Manahas) have been designated as an Important Bird Area. Goëlettes is considered the most interesting for bird-watching and conservation, with a huge seasonal colony of over 300,000 pairs of sooty tern (Sterna fuscata) and around 10,000 pairs of brown noddy(Anous stolidus). In 2006, the Island Conservation Society recorded 15 nesting pairs of the previously-undocumented black-naped tern (Sterna sumatrana) at Sable Island, the largest population on any one island in the region, the species primarily being known from Goëlettes.

Farquhar is an important habitat for the nearly-extirpated Seychelles giant tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea), also referred to as the Aldabra tortoise, as their primary habitat and largest population is on Aldabra. With an estimated Seychelles population of at least 100,000 tortoises, they are the second-largest tortoise species on earth, after the Galápagos tortoise. From the ocean, Farquhar is a key nesting location for sea turtles. Surveys conducted in the early 1980s—when sea turtles were still intensively hunted—estimated 425 nesting green sea turtle females and 27 hawksbill turtles per annum. A later survey, conducted in 2007, suggested an increase in the number of nesting females, thanks to the protected status given to sea turtles in Seychelles in 1994. Other fauna of interest includes several species of day gecko (genus Phelsuma), such as the gold dust day gecko (Phelsuma laticauda), as well as the coconut crab (Birgus latro), a land-dwelling, semi-arboreal species of hermit crab, the largest terrestrial arthropod known.

Tourism
There is a small lodge on the island for guests of fishing excursions, offering catch-and-release fly fishing trips through Alphonse Fishing Company.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Farquhar Atoll


text: Category:Art and craft toys

title: Category:Art and craft toys


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John Patrick Gillese

John Patrick Gillese (Ireland, March 7, 1920 – Edmonton, Canada, 23 October 1999) was an Irish-born Canadian author whose prolific career spanned six decades from the early 1940s to the late 1990s. During this period he authored over 5,000 pieces including novels, short stories, and information columns that were published in many English-speaking countries.

His 1957 novel, Kirby's Gander, retitled Wings of Chance, was the first full-length feature film ever shot in Canada by a Hollywood production company and was pivotal in the launching of Canada's professional film industry.

Born in Ireland, his family moved to Rochfort Bridge, Alberta, when he was six years old. In 1947, he married Thelma Elizabeth Ashby with whom he would have six children. They later adopted a child who had fled the war in El Salvador. He has 4 great-grandchildren and 23 grandchildren, including Canadian comedian/writer Kevin Gillese, and actress/writer Meeshelle Neal.

As a founding director of Alberta Culture's Film and Literary Arts Branch, which he headed from 1971 to 1984, he was able to help many writers become established through workshops and contests; including the author of the book which launched the hit movie and subsequent television series 'Stargate,' Pauline Gedge.

In addition to receiving the CAA Vicky Metcalf Award for Literature for Young People(1967), the Writers' Guild of Alberta Lifetime Achievement Award (1995), the City of Edmonton Outstanding Citizen Award, the Western Canadian Book Publishers' Association Award, and an Outstanding Albertans award, Gillese earned dozens of additional accolades, recognition and awards.

Upon his death, the city of Edmonton named a park in his honour.

title: John Patrick Gillese


text:
User:Evelina

New user

title: User:Evelina


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Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque

The Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun Mosque is an early 14th-century mosque at the Citadel in Cairo, Egypt. It was built by the Mamluk sultan Al-Nasr Muhammad in 1318 as the royal mosque of the Citadel, where the sultans of Cairo performed their Friday prayers. The mosque is located across the street from the courtyard access to the Mosque of Muhammad Ali. The Sultan also built a religious complex in the center of the city, next to the one by his father Qalawun.

Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun
Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad was one of the sons of Sultan Qalawun (d. 1290). He was reportedly short, had a lame foot, and a cataract in one eye as well. However, he still managed to rally the support of his people because he was smart and energetic. He also managed to remain on good terms with other countries. The historical chronicler Ibn Batuta says that he was of “noble character and great virtue”.

Though surprisingly popular, al-Nasir did not keep control of his city throughout his life. Much of that has to do with him becoming sultan as a nine-year-old. Because the city was ripe with power mongers, his tutor, Kitbuqa sent him away to grow up and come home when he was better able to deal with the responsibility of ruling a country. Kitbuqa was killed shortly thereafter and was succeeded by a short succession of other rulers. Finally Lagin, an advisor loyal to the sultan took control and informed the young sultan he had nothing to fear and could return to Cairo. Nasir was usurped one additional time during his rule. Only after being reinstated a second time did Nasir begin working on his massive construction projects.

At the time, rulers of Cairo would support the city by sponsoring massive building projects which brought them prestige and created jobs. Al-Nasir’s claim to fame was building up the Citadel area that the Mamluk Empire ruled from. The Citadel resided aside from the more day-to-day people’s market place. Al-Nasir wiped out the library and audience halls of his predecessor and sponsored the building of a grand palace, aqueduct, and mosque for his own personal use in their place.

The Mosque’s early days
Around 1318, when the mosque was completed, the Sultan al-Nasir used it for his daily prayer. A side room enclosed by intricate iron work served as a private place of thought for the busy sultan. The call to prayer was broadcast to the North where the palace troops would be able to hear it. Perhaps unique in all of history, the funds to build this mosque exceeded its actual costs. These funds were used to buy more land and shops to support the mosque making it one of the wealthiest institutions in the city.

Both the financial stability and the Sultan’s own prestige made the Citadel Mosque a desirable place to work. To decide who would get the job, the Sultan called before him all the muezzins, preachers, and readers in the city to come before him and preach. Thus, the king got to pick the best and brightest religious leaders to serve in his mosque.

The Mosque after British Conquest
When the British arrived in Cairo, the Mosque on the Citadel was well past its days of honor where it was the sultan’s choice place to meditate. When Ottomans took over Cairo they ransacked the mosque and stripped it of much of its marble paneling. Areas between the entrances grand columns were plastered to form the walls of prison cells and storage rooms.

Being an amateur archeologist, Charles Moore Watson of the British army asked his commanding officer, Captain William Freeman for permission to start repairs on the mosque. Permission was granted and Watson used prisoners to tear out the plaster walls. He succeeded in clearing out the southern and eastern walls, but was afraid the northern and western walls were needed to support the roof.

Mosque today
The Mosque of the Citadel is similar to how it looked in the 1300 though many repairs have been made. It is open to the public though infrequently visited by tourists. The parts of the building relying on plastered walls have been reinforced. There have also been attempts to restore the light-blue color of the ceiling.

Structure
The hypostyle mosque is built as a free-standing 63 x 57 m rectangle around an inner court with a sanctuary on the qibla side and galleries surrounding the other three sides. The main entrance protrudes from the face of the western wall. There are two other entrances, on the northeastern side and on the southern side. Unlike most other mosques of Cairo, its outer walls are not paneled and have no decoration except a crenellation composed of rectangles with rounded tops. This results in a rather austere appearance which is probably accounted for by the military nature of its setting. Crenellation on the inner walls around the courtyard is of the stepped type.

There are two minarets, both built entirely of stone, one at the northeast corner and one at the northwest portal right above the main entrance; the former is the higher of the two. The top of the latter is unique in Cairo in that it has a garlic-shaped bulb. The upper structure is covered with green, white and blue glazed mosaics (faience). This style has probably been brought by a craftsman from Tabriz  who is known to have come to Cairo during the reign of al-Nasir Muhammad. Contrary to all other Mamluk mosques, the base of both minarets is below the level of the roof of the mosque. This indicates that the minarets were already standing when the walls were made higher in 1335. The heightening of the walls also resulted in a row of arched windows that give the building a special character.

In the 1335 renovation, the mosque was heightened, its roof rebuilt and a dome of plastered wood covered with green tiles was added over the maqsura (prayer niche). For centuries the Qala'un Mosque was considered the most glamorous mosque in Cairo until the dome over the prayer niche collapsed in the sixteenth century and the high marble dado was carried off to Constantinople by the Ottoman conqueror Sultan Selim I. The present dome is modern, carried by granite columns taken from ancient Egyptian temples.

Visual aspects
The mosque in its entirety is a 206 by 186 square. The mosque’s central court where praying takes place is 117 ft 6in by 76 ft 6in. The ancient scholar al-Zahiri is quoted as saying “The Great Mosque of the Citadel is equally as wondrous; I am assured it can hold 5,000 faithful”.

The main entrance to the mosque is a door at its north side. The south door would have been the Sultan’s private entrance, but at the time the British were taking over the eastern and southern entrance were packed with trash.

A message over the doors in flowing Arabic script reads: “In the name of God the Merciful, the Gracious, He who ordered the building of this mosque, the Blessed, the Happy, for the sake of God, whose name be exalted, is our Lord and Master, the Sultan and King, the conquer of the world and faith, Nasir Mohamed, son of our Lord the Sultan Qalawun es Saleh, in the months and year of Hijrah of the Prophet seven hundred and eighteen”.

Other doors contain similar messages. The script around the building holds more religious sentiments. Lining the top of the building on the inside were glass mosaics. Nasir was the last Sultan of Cairo to use this sort of decoration extensively.

The walls of the mosque were constructed using limestone pillaged by the pyramids. The ten red granite pillars in the mosque were also stolen goods.

Minarets
The most striking and unique feature of this mosque are its two minarets. The first is placed at the north-east corner of the Mosque where it could call troops to prayer. The other is also near the main entrance. What makes these minarets unique is their bulbous sections with finely carved decoration. Other minarets from the time are not nearly as extensively decorated. Some scholars believe that Sultan al-Nasir was friendly with the Mongols at this time and may have hired a master mason from Tabriz to construct the minarets of his mosque.

title: Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque


text: User talk:204.213.231.232

title: User talk:204.213.231.232


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Intentional tort

An intentional tort is a category of torts that describes a civil wrong resulting from an intentional act on the part of the tortfeasor (alleged wrongdoer). The term negligence, on the other hand, pertains to a tort that simply results from the failure of the tortfeasor to take sufficient care in fulfilling a duty owed, while strict liability torts refers to situations where a party is liable for injuries no matter what precautions were taken.

Background
As a matter of public policy, damages available for intentional torts tend to be broader and more generous than for negligent torts. To preserve individual well-being and overall social welfare, society generally wishes to deter its members from intentionally attacking each other. For example, in the United States, it is easier to get punitive damages (damages above and beyond compensatory damages) if one can prove that the tort was intentional. Similarly, in most Australian jurisdictions, intentional torts are not included in civil liability legislation, thus excluding the threshold of injury and damages payouts from various legislated limitations and caps. But it is harder to prove intentional torts because as with many felony crimes, one must prove subjective elements involving the content of the defendant's mind, and defendants do not always express their harmful intent out loud or in writing.

Intentional torts are most directly contrasted with negligent torts. The key difference between the two categories of tort is that the plaintiff must prove the additional element that the defendant acted with the specific intent to perform (i.e., acted with a mental state of intentionally performing) the act that was the proximate cause of the plaintiff's injuries (so-called malice), as opposed to simply violating a general duty of care as plaintiffs must prove in suits for negligence. "The concept of 'intention' in the intentional torts does not require that defendants know that their acts will result in harm to the plaintiffs. Defendants must know only that their acts will result in certain consequences." Under the doctrine of the transferred intent, the plaintiff may instead prove that the defendant intended to commit any intentional tort against any person rather than the specific injury that actually occurred.

Not every intentional action qualifies as an intentional tort. Suppose an investor holding more than half of a corporation's stock votes on changes the other stockholders find detrimental. If the other stockholders suffer damages as a result, this is not a tort (in the majority of jurisdictions), as the powerful investor had a right to vote whichever way he liked. Thus, the other stockholders cannot sue the aforementioned investor for damages. (California is the notable exception to this rule, at least as to closely held corporations. )  If, however, John Doe physically attacks a passerby in the street, John is liable for these costs, as he is guilty of the tort of battery. Actual damages are not required for a prima facie case of battery.

To successfully sue a defendant liable for an intentional tort, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant performed the action leading to the damages the plaintiff alleges, and that the defendant acted with purpose, or that he had knowledge with substantial certainty that an act would result in a tortious result. A famous case in the 1800s involved a hemophiliac child (Vosburg) who was kicked by another child (Putney) at school, resulting in severe disability of the leg. Although the kicker could not have reasonably foreseen that the kick would cause severe disability, he certainly could have foreseen that it would cause discomfort, and was found liable.

For example, a plaintiff attempting to prove that a defendant committed the intentional tort of battery must fulfill several elements: intent, an act, cause, and harmful or offensive contact.

Here, "intent" means either purpose or "knowledge with substantial certainty," as elucidated in Garratt v. Dailey. "Cause" in an intentional tort need only be "actual cause;" that is, but for the defendant's action the tortious result would not have occurred. The plaintiff need not allege or prove proximate cause, which would indicate that the result of the defendant's actions was reasonably foreseeable.

Categories
Within the broader category of intentional torts, there are two subcategories that are typically treated as distinct types of tort in their own right and are categorised according to the type of right they infringe upon:
 * Property torts are a specific class of intentional torts that arise when the right invaded is a property right rather than a personal right. These include trespass to land (entering someone's land without permission), trespass to chattels (handling items owned by another without permission), and conversion (taking possession of someone else's property with the intent not to return it). Some older, and largely obsolete, property law concepts include detinue, replevin, and trover.
 * Dignitary torts are categorised as such because they violate an individual's dignity, reputation, or privacy. This category of tort includes defamation (i.e. libel, slander, and false light), intrusion on seclusion, breach of confidence, and abuse of process as well as other similar causes of action. Additionally, this category of tort traditionally included actions such as criminal conversation, alienation of affections, breach of promise, and seduction among other actionable wrongs related to sex, marriage, and adultery that are obsolete or moribund in the majority of common law jurisdictions.

Intentional torts that do not fall into one of these two subcategories are typically related to physical or emotional injuries and stress and include the following:
 * Assault (the immediate intentional creation of apprehension of another without consent or privilege)
 * Battery (A battery is the intentional harmful or offensive touching of another without consent or privilege)
 * Conversion (A conversion is the intentional exercise of dominion and control of another's property without their consent or privilege)
 * False imprisonment (False imprisonment is the intent to confine or bound someone without a means of egress)
 * Intentional infliction of emotional distress

Insurability
Generally, intentional torts are uninsurable as a matter of public policy, meaning that tortfeasors guilty of such torts must pay damages out of their own pocket (if they have any money worth going after). Otherwise, professional criminals could obtain liability insurance to insure against the risk of being caught and prosecuted by the state, or sued in civil actions by their victims.

This rule has not precluded defendants from litigating the intentionality of particular torts and thus argue that their liability insurers would have a duty to defend and indemnify them. The Supreme Court of California forcefully shot down one such attempt: "[California Insurance Code] Section 533 precludes coverage in this case because child molestation is always intentional, it is always wrongful, and it is always harmful."

title: Intentional tort


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Planet of the Apes (TV series)

Planet of the Apes is a 1974 American science fiction television series that was broadcast on CBS. The series features Roddy McDowall, Ron Harper, James Naughton, and Mark Lenard. It is based on the 1968 film of the same name and its sequels, which were, in turn, based on the 1963 novel Planet of the Apes by Pierre Boulle.

Overview
The series begins with the crash of an Earth spaceship that encountered a time warp while approaching Alpha Centauri on August 19, 1980. The spaceship is crewed by three astronauts, one of whom has died in the crash. The other two astronauts, Colonel Alan Virdon and Major Peter J. Burke, are unconscious but are rescued by an old man who carries them to an old bomb shelter. After the old man opens a book containing historical text and pictures of Earth circa 2500, the two astronauts are convinced that they are indeed on a future Earth.

The crash is also witnessed by a young chimpanzee who tells his father, a village official who alerts the authorities. Ape councilor Zaius (an analog of the character from the original movie), notes that another such incident occurred ten years earlier. He orders the chief gorilla, Security Chief Urko, to find the humans and bring them back alive. Zaius wants to find out as much as he can about the humans before they are eventually killed. Zaius doesn't trust Urko to follow his orders and bring back any surviving humans, so he sends along his newly hired chimpanzee assistant, Galen.

Both Virdon and Burke go back to their ship to check the ship's chronometer. They are more than 1000 years in the future from when they left Earth. Virdon insists on retrieving the ship's flight log in the hopes that they will be able to analyze it and be able to return to their own time period, but while they are at the ship, they are captured, and the old man is subsequently killed by a group of apes.

Galen finds the human book that the old man had been carrying. He reads parts of the book and begins to doubt the history that he has been told: apes have always been dominant, and humans have always been inferior and subservient. When Galen finds out that Urko has arranged for the two astronauts to escape and be killed in the attempt, he stops the shooter and helps the humans escape. During the escape, a guard is killed, and Galen is found standing over him with a gun in his hand.

Galen discusses the book that he found with Zaius, who then accuses him of heresy. Galen is sentenced to death for his crime. Then Virdon and Burke find out about his sentence and rescue Galen. They are all then declared enemies of the state and become fugitives. The three fugitives thereafter wander around the territory that used to be the western United States having various encounters with apes, humans, and old human civilization ruins.

Cast

 * Roddy McDowall as Galen, a young chimpanzee that is sent by Zaius with Urko to ensure the safety of two humans that have survived a crash landing on Earth. McDowall previously played Cornelius and Caesar throughout the various movie versions.
 * Ron Harper as Colonel Alan Virdon, the human commander of the crash-landed spaceship from 20th Century Earth.
 * James Naughton as Major Peter J. Burke, a human astronaut that also survived the crash.
 * Mark Lenard as Security Chief Urko, a violent gorilla and the series' main antagonist.
 * Booth Colman as Councillor Zaius, the highest-ranking member of the High Council of Central City in the year 3085.
 * John Hoyt as Barlow, a chimpanzee prefect of Kaymak who had introduced gladiatorial fights between the humans in "The Gladiators", and whose horse later competes against Urko's in "The Horse Race".
 * Jacqueline Scott, as a chimpanzee farmer's daughter Zantes in "The Good Seeds", and as Kira, Galen's chimpanzee ex-fiancée and surgeon, in "The Surgeon".

Production
Discussions for a Planet of the Apes television series were made by producer Arthur P. Jacobs as early as 1971. Because of the success of the movies, the idea of a television series was delayed until after the completion of Battle for the Planet of the Apes during the first half of 1973. However, soon after the premiere of Battle, Jacobs died, and his production company APJAC Productions sold all Planet of the Apes rights and privileges to 20th Century Fox. Subsequently, television rights for the first three Planet of the Apes movies were sold to CBS and broadcast successfully during September 1973. Based largely on high viewership of "movie-of-the-week" television broadcasts of the first few movies, CBS began to disfavor other contenders for a new science-fiction series, including Gene Roddenberry's Genesis II (1973) and favored proposals for a Planet of the Apes television series. Fox and CBS then continued Jacob's plans of a series the next year.

CBS ordered 14 episodes of Planet of the Apes to be produced. The series was filmed for the most part on location at what is now Malibu Creek State Park, with a budget of about $250,000 for each episode. Originally scheduled to be broadcast during CBS's Tuesday night family hour, the first regular episode of the series was broadcast on Friday, September 13, 1974 from 8:00-9:00 PM. The remainder of the series was broadcast during this same time slot until December 27, 1974, when its 14th and final broadcast was not shown as a result of a premature cancellation of the series due to poor ratings.

Music
The series' main theme music was composed by Lalo Schifrin; Schifrin also scored three episodes of the series - "Escape From Tomorrow," "The Gladiators" and "The Good Seeds" (the latter, though not the premiere episode, was the first to be scored). Earle Hagen composed the scores for "The Legacy" and "Tomorrow's Tide," while Richard LaSalle wrote an original score for "The Trap." In addition, three episodes received partial scores - Hagen composed one for "The Surgeon," LaSalle composed "The Deception," and music supervisor Lionel Newman composed his only music for the series with "The Interrogation" (those last three, like the other episodes, were otherwise tracked with the music composed previously).

Intrada album
In 2005, Intrada released an album featuring Lalo Schifrin's beginning and ending music along with all three of Schifrin's scores and Earle Hagen's "The Legacy." The album also includes the logo music for Twentieth Century-Fox Television by Alfred Newman.

La-La Land album
In 2015, La-La Land Records issued a remastered and expanded limited edition album, featuring all six original scores plus the Newman material.

Disc 1: Music by Lalo Schifrin

Disc 2: Theme by Lalo Schifrin, Music by Richard LaSalle, Earle Hagen and Lionel Newman

Unfilmed episodes

 * "Episode One" (written by Rod Serling as pilot episode; radically different from what was broadcast).
 * "Episode Two" (written by Rod Serling as follow-up to his version of the pilot).
 * "Hostage" (written by Stephen Kandel).
 * "A Fallen God" (written by Anthony Lawrence).
 * "The Trek" (written by Jim Byrnes).
 * "Freedom Road" (written by Arthur Rowe).
 * "The Mine" (written by Paul Savage).
 * "The Trial" (written by Edward J. Lakso).

The scripts for "Episode One", "Episode Two", "Hostage" and "A Fallen God" are available online at Hunter's Planet of the Apes Archive. Details regarding "The Trek," "Freedom Road," "The Mine," and "The Trial" were provided in issue 12 of Simian Scrolls (a Planet of the Apes-based magazine), reprinted from the television series writer's bible.

Broadcast history
The series was broadcast in the U.S. from September 13 to December 20, 1974. The show was canceled after half a season because of poor ratings due at least partly to direct competition by NBC's Sanford and Son and Chico and the Man. Only thirteen of its fourteen episodes were broadcast; all 14 episodes were later included in the DVD box set. It was later shown in reruns on the Sci Fi Channel. It also appeared on Monday nights on the Seven Network in Australia during 1975, then was repeated at 7:30pm Saturday evenings from 3 January 1976 and this was followed by subsequent screenings.

The series was broadcast in Britain by 13 of the 14 ITV companies from 13 October 1974 each Sunday, until 18 January 1975. Scottish Television (STV) never broadcast it during 1974/75, opting to broadcast Sale of the Century instead. The show was repeated in many regions from September 1975 until 1978, but was still not broadcast by STV. The series then received its first UK-wide transmissions on Channel 4 in 1994, and later the Sci Fi Channel. The television movie compilations have also been screened on Sky Movies, True Movies, True Entertainment (which also broadcast the show in original form) and Horror Channel.

During 2019, MeTV began broadcasting the series as part of its late Saturday Night "Red Eye Sci-Fi" block.

Telefilms
In 1980, several episodes of the series were edited into five made-for-television movies.
 * Back to the Planet of the Apes ("Escape from Tomorrow" & "The Trap")
 * Forgotten City of the Planet of the Apes ("Gladiators" & "Legacy")
 * Treachery and Greed on the Planet of the Apes ("Horse Race" & "The Tyrant")
 * Life, Liberty and Pursuit on the Planet of the Apes ("The Surgeon" & "The Interrogation")
 * Farewell to the Planet of the Apes ("Tomorrow's Tide" & "Up Above The World So High")

When the Planet of the Apes telefilms began syndication, ABC's owned and operated stations, who bought them for their afternoon movie programs (with titles such as The 4:30 Movie), asked Roddy McDowall to re-create his role of Galen in a series of new beginnings and endings specifically for these stations, billed as "The New Planet of the Apes". The introductions created originally by 20th Century Fox to begin each film were replaced by a now-aged Galen (McDowall) examining the events of the telefilms. The beginnings and endings revealed Virdon and Burke's final fates: "They found their computer in another city and disappeared into space as suddenly as they'd arrived". According to "TV Zone Special #17" (1995 issue) McDowall filmed these "two years after the demise of the first run episodes of the Planet of the Apes television series", which would be December 1976. The ABC openings and closings of these telefilms were neither broadcast by other stations nor included on any home media release.

Spin-offs
Most of the books and comics based on Planet of the Apes are based on the movies, not the television series. However, there are some titles that do involve the television show characters.

Novels
Novelizations: Four novelizations of episodes, written by George Alec Effinger, were published by Award Books. Their titles are:
 * Planet of the Apes #1: Man the Fugitive.
 * Planet of the Apes #2: Escape From Tomorrow.
 * Planet of the Apes #3: Journey Into Terror.
 * Planet of the Apes #4: Lord of the Apes.

Comics
British Annuals: Brown Watson Books published three hardcover annuals featuring original stories about Virdon, Burke and Galen. These stories are a combination of comic strips and short fiction.

Argentine Comics: Seven Spanish-language comics were published in Argentina, written by Jorge Claudio Morhain and Richard Barreiro and illustrated by Sergio Mulko and T. Toledo. Released only in Argentina, they have never been published officially in English. However, PDFs of the comics, translated to English by fans, are available at Kassidy Rae's site (see link below).

Filmstrip Story: Chad Valley, a U.K. toy company, produced 32 short film-based comic strips containing an original TV-series-era story, presented as the Chad Valley Picture Show Planet of the Apes Sliderama Projector (very similar to the many Give-a-Show projector sets of the 1970s). These strips are extremely rare and difficult to find.

Audio
Audio Adventures—Power Records produced four audio-only adventures based on the TV show. Their titles were:
 * Mountain of the Delphi
 * Battle of Two Worlds
 * Dawn of the Tree People
 * Volcano

title: Planet of the Apes (TV series)


text:
Altes Land

Altes Land is an area of reclaimed marshland straddling parts of Lower Saxony and Hamburg. The region is situated downstream from Hamburg on the southwestern riverside of the Elbe around the towns of Stade, Buxtehude, Jork and the Samtgemeinde of Lühe. In Hamburg it includes the quarters of Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop and Finkenwerder. Altes Land is one of the Elbe Marshes.

The region – the biggest contiguous fruit-producing region in North Europe – extends over 143 km². 76.8% of the trees are apples, 12.7% are cherries. The areas closest to the Elbe are those with the highest population. They include the most fertile marshlands; towards the geest the area connects to fens.

The fertile land led to the development of a culture dominated by farming. The villages are known as Marschhufendörfer, a special kind of village where the farmyards are set along a street with the land directly behind them. A characteristic feature is the richly decorated half-timbered farmhouses with their elaborate gateways.

Etymology
The region's official standard German name is Altes Land, which means "old country". However, Altes Land is a mistranslation of the original Low Saxon Olland, which originally had nothing to do with "old": It stems from the term Holland - itself derived from Holtland meaning "Wooded Land". This is a reference to the area's original reclamation and colonisation by Dutch settlers. The first colonisation agreement goes back to 1113 and was drawn up during the time of Archbishop Friedrich I of Bremen. One of the municipalities of the Altes Land is Hollern, a name which comes from Holländer (German for the Dutch). However, the mistranslation of Olland as Altes Land has now come full circle, since most Low Saxon speakers today refer to the region as dat Ole Land (literally “the old land”). There also is an eponymous periodical.

Geography and history
The Altes Land is divided into three "miles" (German Meilen); the first, second and third miles. These miles are zones along the banks of the Lower Elbe river. The first mile, between the rivers Schwinge and Lühe, was first dyked and then settled in around 1140. The second mile is the area east of the first between the Lühe and the Este, an area which was dyked at the end of the 12th century. The third mile, called Terra Nova (new land), between the Este and the Elbe, was only dyked at the end of the 15th century when the area was especially hard-hit by storm tides.

As of 2008 tourism plays a major role in the local economy, particularly during the cherry blossom and apple blossom seasons. However, parts of the orchard plantations are slowly being displaced by residential developments. Many of these new homes are then sold or rented to commuters who work in nearby Hamburg.

title: Altes Land


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Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came

"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came" is a narrative poem by English author Robert Browning, written on January 2, 1852, and first published in 1855 in the collection titled Men and Women. The poem is often noted for its dark and atmospheric imagery, inversion of classical tropes, and use of unreliable narration. Childe Roland, the only speaker in the poem, describes his journey towards "the Dark Tower", and his horror at what he sees on his quest. The poem ends when Roland finally reaches the tower, leaving his ultimate fate ambiguous.

Synopsis
The poem opens with Roland's suspicion about the truthfulness of a "hoary" crippled man with "malicious eye", whose advice he nevertheless follows by choosing to turn off the thoroughfare into an 'ominous tract' that leads to the Dark Tower. The gloomy, cynical Roland describes how he had been searching for the tower for so long that he could barely feel any joy at finally finding the pathway to it, just a grim hope "that some end might be". Roland describes himself as being like "a sick man very near to death" whose friends have all abandoned him, as Roland had always been dismissed as a member of "The Band"—a group of knights searching for the Dark Tower, all of whom had failed in their quest. Despite that, all Roland wants is to join The Band, whatever the cost.

As soon as he steps into the path towards the Dark Tower, the landscape around him shifts, and Roland finds himself completely alone in a featureless wasteland. Wandering onwards, he describes the desolate conditions with increasing despair, until he finds the emaciated body of a horse. Roland is disgusted by its appearance, saying "I never saw a brute I hated so; / He must be wicked to deserve such pain."

In an attempt to regain some semblance of strength after the trauma of his surroundings, Roland tries to remember happier times, and thinks back on his old friends. The memory of his friends and fellow knights Cuthbert and Giles brings him comfort, but he then remembers the downfall of each of them (Cuthbert by "one night's disgrace", and Giles by being hanged and declared a traitor by his friends), and his heart is shattered all over again.

Declaring "better this present than a past like that", Roland finds the energy to keep on moving. He reaches a river which he fords with trepidation, half-convinced that he is stepping on dead bodies floating under the water. Reaching the other bank, Roland is disturbed once more by the apocalyptic landscape, envisioning some dreadful battle that must have happened to create the scene of devastation he observes. Eventually the plain gives way to mountains, and Roland finds himself stuck, unable to find a clear path forward.

Suddenly, Roland realizes that the mountain he has been looking at is the very one that hides the Dark Tower.

The sunset sets the scene ablaze at that very moment, and a strange sound fills the air. "[I]n a sheet of flame" Roland sees the faces of his dead friends, and hears their names whispered in his ears. Remembering their lives, Roland finds himself surrounded by a "living frame" of old friends. Filled with inspiration, he pulls out his "slug-horn", and blows, shouting "Childe Roland to the dark tower came".

At this, the poem ends, leaving what lies inside of the Dark Tower a mystery.

Inspiration
The title, "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came", which forms the last words of the poem, is a line from William Shakespeare's play King Lear (ca. 1607). In the play, Gloucester's son, Edgar, lends credence to his disguise as Tom o' Bedlam by talking nonsense, of which this is a part:

"Child Rowland to the dark tower came. His word was still 'Fie, foh, and fum, I smell the blood of a British man.'"

A "Childe" in this context is the eldest son of a nobleman who has not yet attained knighthood, or who has not yet "won his spurs". It has been proposed that Browning also took inspiration from the 11th-century epic poem The Song of Roland, which features Roland, Charlemagne's loyal paladin, blowing his hunting horn (as Childe Roland also does at the end of the poem) to call for help before he dies.

Browning claimed that the poem came to him in a dream, saying "I was conscious of no allegorical intention of writing it ... Childe Roland came upon me as a kind of dream. I had to write it then and there, and I finished it the same day, I believe. I do not know what I meant beyond that, and I do not know now. But I am very fond of it."

Structure
Browning explores Roland's journey to the Dark Tower in 34 six-line stanzas with the rhyme scheme ABBAAB, using iambic pentameter throughout. It is filled with nightmarish images, but the setting is given unusual reality by much fuller descriptions of the landscape than was normal for Browning at any other time in his career. Many complex visual motifs are woven throughout the poem, including images of disease and deformity, as well as fire (connected with redness and death), eyes (both seeing and blinded), the idea of being suddenly trapped, and destroyed plant life.

Despite having a clear narrative structure, the precise point at which a given scene shifts to another is made unclear throughout much of the poem, creating a sense of "esthetic inevitability" in the reader.

Setting
The setting of Childe Roland is nightmarish and hallucinatory in nature, and seems to act as a sort of mirror to Roland's psyche throughout the poem. Catharine Blass writes:

"'Roland participates in a seemingly endless, futile quest deep into a landscape that he can never be certain exists outside of his own mind. He is unable to rely fully on his senses to determine his place or direction, which leaves him in mental and emotional agony. At times, he sees things that immediately after disappear, or that shift in front of his eyes; at other times, his senses abandon him completely ...The speaker appears to see these images with his eyes as he would something tangible; yet, his sight proves unreliable since these supposedly concrete, observable images ... move in and out of his consciousness. His 'seeing' of these figures occurs, in part, within his own mind, and is inseparable from his conscious thoughts about seeing each.'"

Interpretation
William Lyon Phelps proposes three different interpretations of the poem: In the first two, the Tower is a symbol of a knightly quest. Success only comes through failure or the end is the realization of futility. In his third interpretation, the Tower is simply damnation.

For Margaret Atwood, Childe Roland is Browning himself, his quest is to write this poem, and the Dark Tower contains that which Roland/Browning fears most: Roland/Browning "in his poem-writing aspect".

Harold Bloom reads the poem as a "loving critique" of Shelley, and describes Roland as questing for his own failure.

A footnote in the Penguin Classics edition (Robert Browning Selected Poems) advises against allegorical interpretation, saying "readers who wish to try their hand should be warned that the enterprise strongly resembles carving a statue out of fog." This sentiment is echoed by many critics, who believe any quest for interpretation will ultimately fail, due to the dreamlike, illusionary nature of the poem.

Influences on, and references in, other works
"Childe Roland" has served as inspiration to a number of popular works of fiction, including:

 * The Dark Tower, a 1946 radio play by Louis MacNeice with incidental music by Benjamin Britten, was based on the poem. It follows the basic theme of the original with references to the quest, the dark tower, and the trumpet.
 * American author Stephen King for his The Dark Tower series of stories and novels (1978–2012).
 * Stephen King also references the text, along with the origin text of King Lear, in his novel Fairy Tale, published in 2022.
 * American author Countee Cullen for "From the Dark Tower" poem (1927)
 * American author Alexander Theroux based his story "Childe Roland" (in Three Wogs, 1972) on Browning's poem.
 * Roland Childe, a prominent character in Welsh science fiction author Alastair Reynolds's novella Diamond Dogs (2001) takes his name from the poem. The novella also features a group of characters on a quest to a mysterious tower.
 * Canadian science-fiction author Gordon R. Dickson for his Childe Cycle series of novels (1959–2001).
 * American science-fiction author Andre Norton for the fourth novel in her "Witch World" series (1967).
 * Elidor (1965) by English writer Alan Garner.
 * Louise Berridge claims that Childe Roland was the inspiration behind the main character in her Chevalier series of novels.
 * The Doctor Who Twentieth Anniversary special "The Five Doctors" takes much imagery and several key phrases from the poem which has been cited as a source by screenwriter Terrance Dicks.
 * British novelist A. S. Byatt for the character Roland Michell (and perhaps his formidable love interest Maud Bailey, where "Bailey" is a synonym for "tower") in her novel Possession: A Romance (1990).
 * Willa Cather's The Burglar's Christmas.
 * In The Dark Tower (1977) by C. S. Lewis, a tower set in a dystopian future is named the "Dark Tower", after Browning's poem. This name also lends itself to the unfinished manuscript, and the book it was published in.
 * In Anthony Powell's 12-part cycle A Dance to the Music of Time, the eighth novel, The Soldier's Art, takes its title from line 89 of Childe Roland ("Think first, fight afterwards—the soldier's art").
 * John Connolly's novel The Book of Lost Things (2006).
 * Roger Zelazny's novel Sign of the Unicorn (1975) refers to the song and the poem (part of The Chronicles of Amber series).
 * Lawrence Ferlinghetti's poem "I Am Waiting" refers to Childe Rowland coming "to the final darkest tower".
 * John Ashbery’s poem "The System" from his book Three Poems (1972) muses on Childe Roland's potential facial expressions, as well as the image of the knight's approaching The Dark Tower, to stand for a state of "expectancy" created before confrontations of the sort anticipated with the “King of Elfland.”
 * P. G. Wodehouse's novels The Mating Season and The Code of the Woosters: Jeeves uses the phrase "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower came" to describe Bertie Wooster's arrival on two separate occasions. Bertie does not understand the reference either time.
 * Neil Gaiman's Sandman character Charles Rowland, one of the Dead Boy Detectives, is a reference to Childe Roland, particularly in his The Children's Crusade miniseries (1993), which prominently features a dark tower, a motif later picked up by the Books of Magic series.
 * Characters in Philip Jose Farmer's series Riverworld quote passages from the poem and make allusions to the dark tower in their quest.
 * By Blood We Live, the third book in Glen Duncan's The Last Werewolf series.
 * Susan Howe argues in My Emily Dickinson that the poem is critical to Dickinson's "My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun -" (Fr 764)
 * In Go Set a Watchman, by Harper Lee, Uncle Jack calls Scout Childe Roland because she is on a quest to understand why Maycomb is so different than it used to be.
 * The song "The Dark Tower", by progressive metal band Sky Empire, is based in large part upon Childe Roland.
 * Leah Bodine Drake's poem "Haunted Hour" (1941).
 * Bernard Cornwell's novel 1356 describes the character Sir Roland de Verrec taking refuge in an abandoned church bell tower as 'in the dusk, Roland to the dark tower came'.
 * American author Conrad Aiken mentions "Childe Roland, leaving behind him the dark tower" in his poem "Changing Minds".

title: Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came


text:
Talk:MV Kalakala

The Kalakala was a crab and salmon processing facility in Kodiak, not a shrimp cannery.

Untitled
NRHP listed March 22, 2006 NR 06000177

I'm curious why the author said that the word was not known in any local language; was there a specific source for this statement? "Kalakala" is listed as meaning "bird" in an early 20th century Chinook jargon dictionary reproduced at http://chinookjargon.home.att.net/shaw.htm. The entry suggests that the word is the same in the Chinook language, so that may be the proper source for the word, but I haven't been able to confirm the word in Chinook. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.142.170.111 (talk) 09:02, 14 June 2005

Fleshing out the article
I've added some stuff to the article based on the sole source, the official Kalakala website, but I think there's a lot more that could be added. The aforementioned website has a lot of information that could be used in the article, especially on the history. The current history section is a bit underdeveloped, and nowhere is there a mention of how the Kalakala had the first commercial radar installed in it. I'd add that in, but there doesn't seem to be a good place to put it at the time being. I'm planning on working more, but I figured I'd let people know that this article needs a bunch of work. Finding more sources would probably also be a bonus... --clpo13(talk) 02:51, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

Meaning of "Kalakala"
The current article states "...he later admitted the name was a fabrication with no real meaning in any Native American dialect." Whether or not the quote is untrue, the fact stated by it certainly is: "kalakala" does in fact mean "bird" in the Northwest Native American trade language Chinuk Wawa. As it's obviously not of English, French, or Hawaiian (the three non-Native American languages which have lent words to Chinuk Jargon) origin, that means it's almost certainly a Northwest Native American word. In fact, the second of my two references above says just that (it's a Chinookan word).

I have to doubt the veracity of the quote, as well, as in the 1930s quite a few Northwesterners were still aware of Chinuk Wawa (which had been spoken widely as a trade language by both settlers and indigenous people alike in the 19th century), and the derivation of the vessel's name would have been obvious to many.

I have therefore deleted the unsourced quote and added wording indicating the etymology of the vessel's name. —Preceding unsigned comment added by N5jrn (talk • contribs) 01:53, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:MV Kalakala


text:
1987 Canada Cup

The 1987 Labatt Canada Cup was a professional international ice hockey tournament held from August 28 to September 15, 1987. The finals took place in Montreal on September 11 and Hamilton, on September 13 and September 15, and were won by Team Canada.

The final best-of-three series of this tournament between Canada and the Soviet Union is considered by many to be the best exhibition of hockey in history. The United States and Soviet Union teams complained about the neutrality of the officiating in the tournament. Russian coach Viktor Tikhonov said he felt the main reason his team lost the final match was because of "bias and errors in refereeing."

The tournament was the only time that arguably two of the most dominant NHL players of all time, Wayne Gretzky and Mario Lemieux, played on the same forward unit, combining with each other on 29% of Team Canada's goals. The winning Canadian team had 12 future Hockey Hall of Fame members on the roster.

Canada
Forwards and defence: Dale Hawerchuk, Mark Messier, Mike Gartner, Glenn Anderson, Kevin Dineen, Michel Goulet, Brent Sutter, Rick Tocchet, Brian Propp, Doug Gilmour, Claude Lemieux, Mario Lemieux, Wayne Gretzky, Doug Crossman, Craig Hartsburg, Normand Rochefort, James Patrick, Raymond Bourque, Larry Murphy, Paul Coffey

Goaltenders: Ron Hextall, Kelly Hrudey, Grant Fuhr

Coaches: Mike Keenan, John Muckler, Jean Perron, Tom Watt

Czechoslovakia
Forwards and defence: Petr Rosol, Igor Liba, Ján Jaško, Jiří Kučera, Jiří Doležal, Vladimír Růžička, Ladislav Lubina, David Volek, Petr Vlk, Dušan Pašek, Jiří Šejba, Jiří Hrdina, Rostislav Vlach, Miloslav Hořava, Drahomír Kadlec, Ludek Čajka, Bedřich Ščerban, Jaroslav Benák, Antonín Stavjaňa, Mojmír Božík

Goaltenders: Petr Bříza, Dominik Hašek, Jaromír Šindel

Coaches: Ján Starší, František Pospíšil

Finland
Forwards and defence: Timo Blomqvist, Jari Grönstrand, Matti Hagman, Raimo Helminen, Iiro Järvi, Timo Jutila, Jari Kurri, Markku Kyllonen, Mikko Mäkelä, Jouko Narvanmaa, Teppo Numminen, Janne Ojanen, Reijo Ruotsalainen, Christian Ruuttu, Jukka Seppo, Ville Siren, Petri Skriko, Raimo Summanen, Esa Tikkanen, Hannu Virta

Goaltenders: Jarmo Myllys, Kari Takko, Jukka Tammi

Coaches: Rauno Korpi, Juhani Tamminen

Sweden
Forwards and defence: Tommy Albelin, Mikael Andersson, Peter Andersson, Jonas Bergqvist, Anders Carlsson, Thom Eklund, Anders Eldebrink, Peter Eriksson, Bengt-Åke Gustafsson, Tomas Jonsson, Lars Karlsson, Mats Näslund, Kent Nilsson, Lars-Gunnar Pettersson, Magnus Roupé, Thomas Rundqvist, Tommy Samuelsson, Håkan Södergren, Peter Sundström, Michael Thelvén

Goaltenders: Anders Bergman, Åke Lilljebjörn, Peter Lindmark

Coaches: Tommy Sandlin, Curt Lindström, Ingvar Carlsten

United States
Forwards and defence: Joe Mullen, Curt Fraser, Corey Millen, Aaron Broten, Kelly Miller, Mark Johnson, Bob Brooke, Wayne Presley, Pat LaFontaine, Bobby Carpenter, Ed Olczyk, Joel Otto, Chris Nilan, Dave Ellett, Mike Ramsey, Kevin Hatcher, Rod Langway, Phil Housley, Gary Suter, Chris Chelios

Goaltenders: Tom Barrasso, Bob Mason, John Vanbiesbrouck

Coaches: Bob Johnson, Ted Sator, Doug Woog

Soviet Union
Forwards and defence: Vyacheslav Fetisov, Alexei Gusarov, Igor Stelnov, Vasily Pervukhin, Alexei Kasatonov, Anatoli Fedotov, Igor Kravchuk, Yuri Khmylev, Vladimir Krutov, Andrei Lomakin, Igor Larionov, Valeri Kamensky, Andrei Khomutov, Sergei Svetlov, Alexander Semak, Sergei Nemchinov, Sergei Makarov, Vyacheslav Bykov, Anatoly Semenov

Goaltenders: Vitali Samoilov, Sergei Mylnikov, Evgeny Belosheikin

Coaches: Viktor Tikhonov, Igor Dmitriev

Final (best of three)
Three closely fought 6–5 games decided the '87 Canada Cup.

In Game 1, Canada erased a 4–1 second period deficit to send the game to overtime, only to lose on Alexander Semak's goal at 5:33 of the extra frame.

In Game 2, which is considered by some to be the greatest hockey game ever played, Canada led 3–1 after one period, but this time it was the Soviets who came from behind to tie it 3–3 in the second. Canada scored twice more, each time Mario Lemieux assisted by Wayne Gretzky, but the Soviets replied each time. The tying goal was an end-to-end rush by Valeri Kamensky with 1:04 remaining in regulation time. After a scoreless period of overtime, which featured tremendous goaltending from Grant Fuhr, Gretzky and Lemieux hooked up for the third time of the evening at 10:07 of the second overtime. It was the fifth assist for Gretzky on the night and completed a hat trick for Lemieux.

The Canadians got off to a slow start in the decisive third game. The Soviets scored three times in the first eight minutes to take a 3–0 lead. Canada's grinders took over after that (particularly Rick Tocchet, Brent Sutter, and Dale Hawerchuk), and pulled Canada into a 5–4 lead after two periods. The Soviets tied it back up in the third and the game looked like it would head to overtime again. But late in the third period, Canada coach Mike Keenan, who had been juggling lines all series, sent the trio of Gretzky, Lemieux and Hawerchuk out to play with a faceoff in Canada's end. After Hawerchuk won the faceoff, Gretzky, Lemieux and Larry Murphy rushed up the ice. Soviet defenseman Igor Stelnov was the only man back and he fell down to block a pass across but Gretzky fed the puck back to Lemieux, who fired a shot over the glove of goaltender Sergei Mylnikov with 1:26 remaining. The Gretzky to Lemieux play is one of the most memorable plays in Canadian sports history.

Goaltender Save Percentage

 * minimum 120 minutes played

Goaltender Goals Against Average

 * minimum 120 minutes played

All numbers in bold represent that was tournament best

Tournament champion

 * Canada

Tournament MVP

 * Wayne Gretzky, Canada

All-star team

 * Goaltender: Grant Fuhr, Canada
 * Defence: Ray Bourque, Canada; Viacheslav Fetisov, Soviet Union
 * Forwards: Wayne Gretzky, Canada; Mario Lemieux, Canada; Vladimir Krutov, Soviet Union

title: 1987 Canada Cup


text:
Talk:Tresco, Isles of Scilly

}

Untitled
This page could be expanded considerably. Some suggestions of areas that could be given more detail are outlined below:

History
There is evidence of some early settlements on the island, one of them is located underneath the new cricket pitch next to the community centre. Further information on the history and purpose of King Charles' and Cromwells castle and the Blockhouse would be useful. When Cromwell came to get rid of the Royalists a Tresco local took them to a island near Tresco called Northweathel during the night which delayed Cromwell a day.

Wartime history
I don't know the details, but understand that in WW2 the island was used as a departure point for spies entering occupied Europe. Please can somebody elaborate on this.

It was also used as a base for seaplanes, not sure what type, and they managed to sink german submarines, im not sure how many.

Tourism
The creation of the Island Hotel and the expansion of time share holiday homes on the island would be appropriate as tourism is the driving force of the economy on the island today.

Transport
A heliport was built on grassland outside the Abbey in 1983 which remains operational today. Several flights a day arrive (Mon - Sat) from Penzance to ferry passengers to and from the island. The previous "teahut" passenger terminal was replaced by a larger purpose built buiding in 2004. In summertime, the area is also used as a cricket pitch, they play on sundays so that helicopters dont come in when they play, but they have now moved the cricket pitch to the comunity centre near the primary school.

Beaches
Pentle Bay, Appletree Bay, Gimble Porth, Hotel Beach, Green Porth, Gimble Porth, Rushy Porth.

Quays
New Grimsby, Old Grimsby, Long point, Carn Near, Blockhouse point.

Tresco Marathon
The annual marathon was first run on the island in 2000. The island is too small to run a point to point race and so seven and a half laps must be run to make the 26.2 miles. The event was organised to raise money for the Cystic Fibrosis Trust. --geodynamo

Good comments, when I have a chance I'll write under your proposed heading, that is unless someone else gets there before me... --Cyr 14:49, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Map
The map needs to be replaced with one that shows the positions of New and Old Grimsby, the heliport and the abbey gardens. There is no settlement called "Tresco" as shown on the map.--Felix Folio Secundus (talk) 06:38, 20 February 2010 (UTC)
 * The position on the map indicated as "Tresco" is really New Grimsby. The map belongs to a set of island maps but is not the best map for this article.--Felix Folio Secundus (talk) 06:16, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tresco, Isles of Scilly


text:
User:Colocho

Welcome to my page!

To learn more about myself, see my profile on the french Wikipedia, if you can read french..!

es:Usuario:Colocho fr:Utilisateur:Colocho pt:Usuário:Colocho

title: User:Colocho


text:
100 Centre Street

100 Centre Street is an American legal drama created by Sidney Lumet and starring Alan Arkin, Val Avery, Bobby Cannavale, Joel de la Fuente and Paula Devicq.

Premise
The show takes its name for the Manhattan street address of the New York City Criminal Court and the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Criminal Term, for New York County. The show aired in the United States on the A&E Network cable television channel from 2001 to 2002. Some called it a more gritty and accurate version of Law & Order, although unlike Law & Order, 100 Centre Street focused more on the personal lives of its characters. Episodes focused on the friendship between Judge Rifkind, a liberal Jew, and Judge Sims, a lesbian African American, as well as the romance between Bobby and Cynthia, Ramon's infidelity to his wife Cassandra, J.J.'s potentially corrupt mob ties, Fatima's drug addiction, Rebecca Rifkind's estrangement from her father, and Spiegelman and Byrnes' political scheming.

Main cast

 * Alan Arkin as Judge Joe Rifkind
 * Val Avery as Sal Gentile
 * Bobby Cannavale as ADA Jeremiah "J.J." Jellinek
 * Joel de la Fuente as ADA Peter Davies
 * Paula Devicq as ADA/private attorney Cynthia Bennington
 * Manny Pérez as Legal Aid attorney Ramon Rodriguez
 * LaTanya Richardson as Judge Atallah Sims
 * Joseph Lyle Taylor as ADA/PI Bobby Esposito
 * Michole Briana White as Legal Aid attorney Fatima Kelly
 * Bill J Vlasnic as Billy, Task Force detective on Jellinek's squad

Guest stars

 * Sidney Armus as DA Spiegelman
 * Dennis Boutsikaris as Executive ADA Gil Byrnes
 * Paul Butler as Det. Willard Block
 * Sarita Choudhury as ADA Julia Brooks
 * Chuck Cooper as Charlie the Bridgeman (bailiff)
 * Tawny Cypress as Cassandra Rodriguez
 * Margo Martindale as Legal Aid supervisor Michelle Grange
 * Phyllis Newman as Sarah Rifkind
 * Amy Ryan as Rebecca Rifkind

Notable guest stars

 * Matthew Arkin
 * Jude Ciccolella
 * Terry Serpico
 * Anna Deavere Smith
 * Floyd Vivino
 * Kerry Washington
 * Judy Reyes
 * Eric Millegan
 * Brian Scolaro

title: 100 Centre Street


text:
Category:British earls

 * See also Category:Earls

title: Category:British earls


text:
Talk:Mixed-signal circuit

There is already an entry for mixed-signal ICs here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-signal_integrated_circuit

This page shopuld either be merged with the above, or cover mixed-signal circuits in general, whether or not they happen to be integrated or not.

Both pages refer to the same topic. So they can be merged. The topic should be called Mixed Signal Integrated Circuit.

Mixed signal integrated circuit is the more appropriate term. As it clearly indicates it relevance with IC's. while the term mixed signal circuits may confuse readers, with some mixers circuitary which is used extensively in the field of communication. Any how These pages should be merged.

title: Talk:Mixed-signal circuit


text:
Time Changer

Time Changer is a 2002 independent Christian science fiction seriocomic film written and directed by Rich Christiano, released by Five & Two Pictures. The screenplay concerns Dr. Norris Anderson (Gavin MacLeod), who uses his late father's time machine to send his colleague, Bible professor Russell Carlisle (D. David Morin), from 1890 into the early 21st century. The film had a limited nationwide release.

Plot
In the year 1890, Bible professor Russell Carlisle (D. David Morin) stops and scolds a boy named Roger for stealing his neighbor's marbles. He makes the boy return the marbles, and demands he apologize for his unjust action, only for Roger to run away. Carlisle has also written a book manuscript promoting themes of bringing forth Christ's teachings apart from His name. The book is on track to receive a unanimous endorsement from the board of Grace Bible Seminary, until colleague Dr. Norris Anderson (Gavin MacLeod) objects, arguing that teaching morality without Jesus as the standard would be detrimental to future generations. The Dean puts the vote on hold until Anderson and Carlisle work out their differences.

Anderson invites Carlisle to his home later that evening to show him something that would prove his point. Carlisle turns him down, and urges the Dean to proceed with the endorsement without Anderson's vote. However, the Dean firms that the vote must be unanimous. Carlisle finally meets with Norris the next night, where Norris shows him a top secret invention: a time machine invented by his late father. Refusing to believe time travel is possible, Carlisle laughs Norris off as crazy before leaving. However, Carlisle relents and returns to Norris the next night after deciding their differences must be resolved.

Anderson prepares to send Carlisle 100 years into the future. Sending him on a Saturday afternoon, he instructs Carlisle that he has until Wednesday night, and must return to the exact location where he was sent. He further instructs Carlisle not to tell anyone where he is from, nor is he to learn of his own fate. However, Anderson does urge him to find a Christian librarian named Michelle Bain, who helped Norris when he himself traveled to the future.

Arriving in the late 20th century, Carlisle, although fascinated by society's advancements, is shocked at its moral decay: half of all marriages end in divorce, teenagers talk openly about drinking underage, children are disrespectful to their parents and treat moral sins, such as theft, as fun and games. Immodest apparel are openly sold in retail stores, movies and TV shows contain blasphemous language and inappropriate content. Jesus and the Bible are now banned from public education, and many professing Christians in the church do not really follow Jesus. Carlisle finds Bain (Jennifer O'Neill), and with her assistance, he learns that society decided to remove the Biblical foundations the country was built on in the 1960s, after deciding that morality was good enough on its own. Finally realizing the error of his ways, Russel begs God for forgiveness.

Two churchgoing police investigators grow suspicious of Carlisle, after learning many inconsistencies about himself, such as his identity and his work. They arrange to have Carlisle guest speak at an evening church service, hoping to expose himself. At the service, Carlisle gives a heartfelt expression of his shock and grief at how wicked the generation has become, even in the church. He reminds everyone that the faith is nothing to take lightly, and that the eternal state of their souls is in jeopardy if they don't truly commit to Christ. The cops tail Carlisle as he goes back to the alley to be taken back to the past, where they confront him. Carlisle tells them he's a messenger from God, and that the second coming of Christ is near. As they prepare to apprehend him, the sky grows thunderous, and Carlisle vanishes.

Carlisle tells Anderson that seeing the corruption of the future has forced him to see his mistake, and revises his book. Carlisle finds Roger sometime later and gives him his own set of marbles, telling him that it is Jesus who says theft is wrong. Anderson tries to find out the world's end by trying to send a Bible to the future. The machine won't operate with a target date of 2100. As the film ends, he makes more failed attempts, aiming for earlier dates.

Production
Time Changer was Rich Christiano's first feature-length film. In August 2001 Christiano Film Group announced the film's cast, and that shooting would begin on October 6, 2001 in Visalia, CA, for an August 2, 2002 release. In February 2002, the website stated that the film was being edited in Los Angeles. In March, the first rough cut was completed, work began on a second pass, and streaming video was made available. In a press release, the theatrical release date was listed as October 4, 2002. Editing wrapped in June, while music score, sound design, and visual effects work continued, and two scene sneak previews were linked on the website. On August 2, the trailer was released online. On August 6 the press release changed to show a theatrical release date of October 11. On October 4, 2002, the film was announced as "ready to go", with a theatrical poster available which showed the final release date of October 25, as did the simultaneous press release.

Releases
The film premiered in limited nationwide release on October 25, 2002. It was released on VHS and DVD in 2003; The DVD included a "making of" featurette, commentary tracks, deleted scenes, promos and the trailer. Time Changer was one of the first Christiano films offered through the Sky Angel Video On Demand service.

A 140-page tie-in novel, Time Changer (A Novel), was released in 2001, co-authored by Christiano and Greg Mitchell.

Reception
In the Charlotte Observer, Lawrence Toppman praised the acting work, but had questions about plot holes and how some of the film's premises would be accepted by Christian viewers. Toppman wrote, "technically, the film can stand with most releases", and gave it 2.5 stars out of four. Variety reviewer Scott Foundas described the film as "goofy fantasy hokum" with a message, one scene as "subpar", and some monologues as "distinctly uncinematic", but other scenes as "surprisingly enjoyable." Foundas found the film "hard to read" – often having "its tongue planted firmly in its cheek", but at other times "sweetly naive". Joe Baltake of The Sacramento Bee gave 1.5 stars (of 4) to the "whimsical if predictable" film "marred by a willful single-mindedness." He found the film's beginning "interminable", and overall, "very strange".

, the film holds a 22% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes with 2 out of 9 critics giving it a positive review with an average rating of 3.9/10.

title: Time Changer


text:
Chuukic languages

Chuukic, historically also rendered as Trukic , is a subgroup of the Chuukic–Pohnpeic family of the Austronesian language family. The languages are primarily spoken in Chuuk State and Yap State of the Federated States of Micronesia, as well as in the outer islands of Palau. The Carolinians of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands also speak their own language distinct from the historically native Chamorro people.

Languages

 * Sonsorol and Tobian (close enough to each other to often be considered dialects)
 * Chuukese
 * Woleaian and Ulithian
 * Puluwatese, Namonuito, and Tanapag
 * Carolinian
 * Satawalese and Mortlockese (closely related)
 * Pááfang
 * Mapia (extinct)

Phonology
1 before

title: Chuukic languages


text:
Paul Gervais

Paul Gervais full name François Louis Paul Gervais (26 September 1816 – 10 February 1879) was a French palaeontologist and entomologist.

Biography
Gervais was born in Paris, where he obtained the diplomas of doctor of science and of medicine, and in 1835 he began palaeontological research as assistant in the laboratory of comparative anatomy at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. In 1841 he obtained the chair of zoology and comparative anatomy at the Faculty of Sciences in Montpellier, of which he was in 1856 appointed dean. In 1848–1852 appeared his important work Zoologie et paléontologie françaises, supplementary to the palaeontological publications of Georges Cuvier and Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville; of this a second and greatly improved edition was issued in 1859. In 1865 he accepted the professorship of zoology at the Sorbonne, vacant through the death of Louis Pierre Gratiolet; this post he left in 1868 for the chair of comparative anatomy at the Paris museum of natural history, the anatomical collections of which were greatly enriched by his exertions. He died in Paris on 10 February 1879.

According to Florentino Ameghino, Paul Gervais studied a fossil collection obtained from Juan Manuel de Rosas the governor of Buenos Aires. Earlier on, this collection would have been donated or donated-by-force to the Buenos Aires Province by Francisco Javier Muñiz.

Legacy
Gervais is commemorated in the vernacular and scientific names of the following taxa:
 * a species of snake, Calamaria gervaisii.
 * a species of cetacean, Gervais' beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus).

Works
Apart from the works mentioned previously he also wrote:
 * with Charles Athanase Walckenaer Histoire naturelle des insectes (4 vols., 1836–1847)
 * Zoologie et paléontologie françaises (1848–1852)
 * Histoire naturelle des Mammifères (1853)
 * Zoologie médicale (1859), mit Pierre-Joseph van Beneden
 * Recherches sur l'ancienneté de l'homme et la période quaternaire (1867)
 * Zoologie et Paléontologie générales (1867)
 * Ostéographie des cétacés vivants et fossiles (1869), with Pierre-Joseph van Beneden

Species first described by Gervais

 * Brachistosternus ehrenbergii
 * Gervais' beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus)

title: Paul Gervais


text:
Never Ever (All Saints song)

"Never Ever" is a song by English girl group All Saints. Written by All Saints member Shaznay Lewis along with co-writers Robert Jazayeri and Sean Mather and produced by Cameron McVey and Magnus Fiennes, it was released on 10 November 1997 as the second single from their debut album, All Saints (1997).

"Never Ever" is All Saints' highest-charting single, topping the charts in several countries, including Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. It peaked within the top 10 in numerous other countries, including Ireland, Sweden, Canada, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland, Norway, Austria and the United States. As of June 2019, it is the third-best-selling single by a girl group of all time in the United Kingdom, behind "Wannabe" by the Spice Girls and "Shout Out to My Ex" by Little Mix.

Two music videos were shot for the single: the European and Australian version, and an American version, due to the mass success in those countries. The North American featured the group in a church, while the European/Australian version featured the group near a swimming pool and in their homes. At the 1998 Brit Awards, "Never Ever" won British Single of the Year and British Video of the Year.

Background
After the success of their debut single "I Know Where It's At", the group decided to record and produce their debut full-length studio album. "Never Ever" was released as the second single from their first album All Saints. The song was written by All Saints member Shaznay Lewis along with co-writers Robert Jazayeri and Sean Mather, and was produced by Cameron McVey and Magnus Fiennes. Lewis wrote the song after splitting up with a boyfriend, but the music conveyed the impression that all would be well. Soon after they signed their first major label deal with London Records, she discovered that the rest of the group—Melanie Blatt and Canadian sisters Nicole and Natalie Appleton—had presented the label head with a tape of vocal recordings they had made without her. It was their version of Lewis's own song "Never Ever" that made him pay attention to the music. "He asked who had written it, so then they were forced to come back and get me," Lewis commented. "Looking back on it, that was pretty low. I think that's why the whole time I knew that if I didn't write I'd be out on my ear".

All Saints flew to the United States, where the song was recorded and produced by Mather and Jazayeri. Due to control issues, London Records brought in Cameron McVey to do additional production on the track because of time/distance constraints and Cameron's relationship with Lewis. Lewis was in tears over the success of "Never Ever", since it was written about a personal broken relationship, and said, "I never believed that so much good could come out of such a bad situation." All Saints recorded the vocals in Washington, D.C., except for the intro, which was recorded at Battery Studios in London and was kept from the original demo. This was because the mood could not be replicated and everyone agreed to keep the demo vocals.

However, the song's producing and writing caused controversy. Robert Jazayeri, who wrote the song, issued a writ against All Saints, and they were granted 40% of the publishing rights to the track. After he was not satisfied, Jazayeri filed a lawsuit towards the group's record label London Records and All Saints' management, which was settled amicably by the parties.

Composition
The song is set in common time at a tempo of 67 beats per minute. The lyrics are about the girls' first expressions after a sad break-up, and the girls ask what they did wrong in the relationship.

Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic described the musical content as an "extraordinary gospel-tinged" song. Nick Butler from Sputnikmusic described the musical content as a "power ballad".

Critical reception
"Never Ever" received positive reviews from music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic named the song as a highlight on its album, stating it "lead[s] the way" for All Saints' career. He then reviewed the All Hits record and said the track was a "basic hit", but called it a standout. Billboard placed it at number 47 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time in 2017. Scottish newspaper Daily Record described it as a "cool slice of soulful pop." A reviewer from Music Week rated it five out of five, adding that "the Saints go gospel and sultry in this follow-up to I Know Where It's At. A slower-paced single is a gamble, but this is an addictive alternative to the Spice Girls." Paul Martin from The News Letter commented that the song "has already made an impact on the charts, but those listening to the album version will be in for a bit of a surprise. Unlike the more upbeat chart version, they slow the song down to great effect and allow the lonesome mood of the song to prevail." Nick Butler from Sputnikmusic stated, "'Never Ever' is a fantastic song; quite rightfully, it still gets a fair bit of airplay today, and I still enjoy it whenever it appears on one of those VH1 Power Ballad days or whatever."

Commercial performance
"Never Ever" debuted at number three on the UK Singles Chart on the week starting 16 November 1997 and spent the next seven weeks rising and falling within the top six. On 11 January 1998, with a weekly sale of 54,000 units, the song rose to number one for that week only, setting the record for the most copies sold by a single in the UK before it became a number-one hit, with 770,000 copies purchased. The song remains the group's longest-lasting single on the UK chart and stayed in the top 10 for 15 weeks, charting for 26 weeks. It has sold over 1.6 million units in the UK as of July 2021. It is also the third best selling single by a girl group of all time in the UK, only behind "Wannabe" by the Spice Girls and "Shout Out to My Ex" by Little Mix.

The song debuted at number 30 on the Australian Singles Chart and rose to number one, staying there for seven consecutive weeks and stayed in the charts for 22 weeks. It was successful in the charts and was certified double platinum by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), with sales of 140,000. The song was successful in New Zealand as well, debuting at number one and staying there for five consecutive weeks. It was the group's only number one single in that country. It stayed in the charts for 13 weeks in total. The song was successful in European markets. It debuted at number 10 in the Swedish Singles Chart, peaked at three for one week and stayed in the charts for 20 weeks. It was certified gold in that country. It debuted at number 27 on the French Singles Chart, and peaked at number four for one week. It stayed in the charts for 21 weeks. The song peaked at number four in the Netherlands for three consecutive weeks, and lasted 24 weeks in the chart. The song debuted at number 29 on the Austrian Singles Chart, and peaked at number seven for two consecutive weeks. It lasted for 19 weeks in the charts. The song debuted at number 15 in Norway, and peaked at number six, staying in the charts for 12 weeks. It was not as successful on the Finnish Singles Chart, peaking at number 12 and staying in the charts for two weeks.

"Never Ever" was successful in North America as well. The song debuted at number 13 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and peaked at number four on the charts, becoming the group's first top 10 and their highest-peaking single on those charts. The song peaked at number four on the Canadian Singles Chart.

Music video
When this song was first released in Europe, the accompanying music video featured the girls first in a swimming pool and then in a house. It was shot by fashion photographer Sean Ellis. The cinematographer for the video was the legendary Freddie Francis and it would be his final work before his death. The video won best British Video of the Year at the 1998 Brit Awards.

For the United States, the video was re-shot and re-edited in a church. When All Saints – The Video was released, it was decided to release both versions on the video, because the European audience hadn't seen both. In Canada, MuchMusic played both versions.

Legacy
The song was featured on the Guinness World Records for Top British Singles. A total of 1,263,658 copies of the single were sold in the UK, making it All Saints' biggest hit; 770,000 copies were sold before it reached number one; this is more than any single ever before in the UK chart history. At the 1998 Brit Awards, All Saints won two Brit Awards for this single: Best British Single and Best British Video, beating strong competition from the likes of "Bitter Sweet Symphony" by The Verve, "Song 2" by Blur, "Paranoid Android" by Radiohead and "Something About the Way/Candle in the Wind 1997" by Elton John.

The melody of the song is based upon an overlay of the hymn tune "New Britain", the most common setting for "Amazing Grace", which according to Ger Tillekens is the reason it became so successful. Although the lyrics and music are very different, "Never Ever" is based on a familiar and popular song.

Track listings

 * UK CD1 and Australian CD single
 * 1) "Never Ever"
 * 2) "Never Ever" (Nice Hat mix)
 * 3) "I Remember"

 * UK CD2
 * 1) "Never Ever"
 * 2) "Never Ever" (Booker T's vocal mix)
 * 3) "Never Ever" (Booker T's Down South dub)
 * 4) "Never Ever" (Booker T's Up North dub)

 * UK 12-inch single
 * 1) "Never Ever" (All Star remix)
 * 2) "Never Ever" (Booker T's vocal mix)

 * UK cassette single and European CD single
 * 1) "Never Ever"
 * 2) "I Remember"

 * US CD and cassette single
 * 1) "Never Ever"
 * 2) "Never Ever" (Rickidy Raw urban mix)
 * 3) "I Remember"

 * Japanese CD single
 * 1) "Never Ever"
 * 2) "Never Ever" (Nice Hat mix)
 * 3) "I Remember"
 * 4) "Never Ever" (Booker T's vocal mix)
 * 5) "Never Ever" (Booker T's Up North dub)

title: Never Ever (All Saints song)


text:
Talk:Eggshell plaintiff

Material on this page was taken from the "Thin skull rule" article written by PullUpYourSocks, which was merged into this article, which employs the more commonly used term. -- BD2412 talk 16:07, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eggshell plaintiff


text: User talk:213.140.6.96

title: User talk:213.140.6.96


text:
Portal:Association football/Featured/Old featured

This page contains a list of articles that were previously featured on the association football wikiportal. The articles are listed according to the date they became featured.

 * 14 June 2005 - Plymouth Argyle F.C.
 * 14 June - Greece national football team
 * 20 June - Zinedine Zidane
 * 28 June - Liverpool F.C.
 * 7 July - 1966 World Cup Final
 * 14 July - IFK Göteborg
 * 21 July - Pelé
 * 28 July - 2004 European Football Championship
 * 4 August - Thierry Henry
 * 9 August - Freddy Adu
 * 18 August - Football World Cup 2002
 * 25 August - MetroStars
 * 1 September - David Beckham
 * 7 September - Major League Soccer
 * 19 September - Football World Cup 1958
 * 19 November - Denis Law
 * 14 March 2006 - Arsenal F.C.
 * 4 April - Manchester City F.C.
 * 12 June - FIFA World Cup
 * 4 November - Everton F.C.
 * 3 March - Michel Platini
 * 20 October 2007 - Turkey national football team


text: Category:Earls in the Peerage of Scotland


text:
Rüdiger von Wechmar

Baron Rüdiger von Wechmar (15 November 1923 – 17 October 2007) was a German diplomat. He was West German ambassador to the UN in the 1970s. During the thirty-fifth ordinary and the eighth emergency special sessions, from 1980 to 1981, he was President of the United Nations General Assembly.

Early life
Wechmar was born in Berlin, Germany, the son of Irnfried Freiherr von Wechmar. In 1941, while a 17-year-old student at a National Political Institute of Education ("Napola"), he joined the German Army as a volunteer, and fought in the Afrika Korps under Erwin Rommel for two years, until he was taken prisoner of war by the Americans. While imprisoned in the United States, he studied journalism.

After the war ended, Wechmar worked as a journalist, and in 1958 he entered the diplomatic service. He was posted to the German embassy in Washington and to the Consulate General in New York.

In 1963, he became a correspondent for German television in Eastern Europe, but returned to the diplomatic service in 1968. The following year he was appointed as under-secretary of state and government spokesman. In 1974 he became ambassador to the United Nations. He represented West Germany as president of the UN Security Council in 1977 and 1978 and was later the West German Ambassador in Italy (1981-1983) and in the United Kingdom (1983-1988). Baron von Wechmar was a member of the multinational Bilderberg Group.

Personal life
Wechmar was married and with his wife had three children.

Death
He died of a stroke on October 17, 2007 in Munich, Germany.

title: Rüdiger von Wechmar


text: Category:Earls in the Peerage of Ireland


text:
Jeff Moss

Jeff Moss (June 19, 1942 – September 25, 1998) was an American composer, lyricist, playwright and television writer, best known for his award-winning work on the children's television series Sesame Street.

Early life
Moss was born in New York City; his father was a stage and screen actor, Arnold Moss, and his mother, Stella Reynolds gave up acting to become a soap opera writer. He attended the Browning School, a prestigious New York private school, and was #1 in his class.

He attended Princeton University, and was a member of the Princeton Triangle Club theater company. After graduating in 1963, he took a job as a production assistant at the children's television show Captain Kangaroo. (He also got an offer to work for CBS News, which he later said he had turned down because "I've seen the news.")

Sesame Street
In 1969, he became the first head writer, composer, and lyricist, for Sesame Street. He would eventually win fourteen Emmy Awards for the show. Songs he wrote for the show include "I Love Trash", "People in Your Neighborhood", and "Rubber Duckie". "Rubber Duckie" became a surprise mainstream hit, reaching #16 on the Billboard Hot 100 in September 1970. Moss is also credited with, among other things, creating the character of Cookie Monster, based on a puppet Jim Henson had created called "Boogle Eyes".

Moss wrote the song "Nasty Dan", which Johnny Cash sang when he appeared on Sesame Street; it later appeared on the 1975 The Johnny Cash Children's Album. In 1976, the song became a #1 hit in France for Claude François, who recorded it with French lyrics under the title "Sale Bonhomme". In 1984, Moss wrote the music and lyrics for The Muppets Take Manhattan.

Other works
In the late 1970s, Moss wrote Double Feature, a musical which received good reviews when it opened in New Haven, Connecticut. Moss worked with Mike Nichols and Tommy Tune, but when Moss became adamant about not implementing changes Nichols wanted, Nichols and Tune walked out. The show opened off-Broadway to poor reviews in October 1981, and quickly closed.

Moss wrote many children's books, including The Butterfly Jar (1989), The Other Side of the Door (1991), Bob and Jack: A Boy and His Yak (1992), Hieronymus White: A Bird Who Believed That He Always Was Right (1994), The Dad of the Dad of the Dad of Your Dad (1997), and Bone Poems (1998). He also wrote some under the Sesame Street brand name, such as The Sesame Street Book of Poetry and The Sesame Street Songbook.

Recognition
Moss won fourteen Emmy Awards, and in 1984, was nominated for an Academy Award for the music and lyrics he wrote for The Muppets Take Manhattan.

In 2007, Princeton University ranked Moss as one of its 26 most influential alumni, citing the effect of his songs and characters on the Sesame Street audience.

Death
Moss was diagnosed with colorectal cancer in early January 1994, and died on September 25, 1998 at 56 years old. He was survived by his wife, Anne Boylan; his son, Alexander Moss; and his stepson, Jonathan Boylan Smith. Season 30 of Sesame Street was dedicated to his memory.

title: Jeff Moss


text:
Category talk:Toys

Grouping/subcategories of toys
What a hodge-podge! Is there a Toys or Games project somewhere that might discuss issues like this? I started trying to put toys into appropriate subcategories, and discovered that there are at least 3 sets of groupings--
 * Category:Toys subcategories
 * Toys groups
 * List of toy brands groups

There's some agreement and some different terminology and some different styles of groupings that aren't mutually compatible (might or might not be OK). So I thought maybe "we" should put some thought into subcategories for Category:Toys, at least, and work backwards from there? Anyone? Elf | Talk 16:08, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Good point. I think the "toys groups" can be deprecated in favor of categories. I don't see an advantage of that list that would outweigh the cost of its maintenance. (The bulleted list is awkward to rearrange. I tried it!) Nor do I see a point in keeping an unmaintained exemplary list there. (If someone really needs an example for what a toy is they can browse the categories.)

The List of toy brands is probably OK; it suits its purpose as it is. Its grouping serves a different purpose. E.g. "action figures" is an important group for brands, but as a toy category it is subsumed by dolls, if it is a category at all. Common Man 03:20, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I am a newbie, and don't understand how to add a category to this page - I'd like to add 'Paper Toys' under 'P', but see this page uses a template, which is new to me, so how does one 'edit' this page??? I want to add this new category because I'm starting a page on Toy Theatre, a paper toy (paper dolls would be another example...) Anyone that knows how to edit such a page as this with a template, please email me...Thanks! Trishymouse

title: Category talk:Toys


text: Category:Earls in the Peerage of Great Britain


text:
Category:Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.


text: Category:OS/2 software

title: Category:OS/2 software


text:
User talk:Zaitis

Please stop making articles that just contain images and no actual information.--Kross 16:09, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Balentcatwoman.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Balentcatwoman.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. SteinbDJ 19:32, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Fatale1.jpg)
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:Babesofbroadway1.jpg)
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If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 18:46, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Shadowstate1.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Shadowstate1.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 19:03, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zaitis