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GoBots

GoBots is a line of transforming robot toys produced by Tonka from 1983 to 1987, similar to Hasbro's Transformers.

Although initially a separate and competing line of toys, Tonka's Gobots became the intellectual property of Hasbro after their buyout of Tonka in 1991. Subsequently, the universe depicted in the animated series Challenge of the GoBots and follow-up film GoBots: Battle of the Rock Lords was established as an alternate universe within the Transformers multiverse. While Hasbro now owns the fictional side of the property (character names, bios, storyline), the actual toys and their likenesses were only licensed from Bandai in the 1980s, were not covered by the Tonka acquisition, and are not available for Hasbro use.

History
The GoBot toy line was based on figures produced by Popy of Japan (the now-defunct character division of Bandai), named Machine Robo. In another similarity to Transformers, Tonka decided to make the figures sentient robots, rather than human-piloted mecha as they had been in Japan, and divided them into two factions – the good Guardians and evil Renegades (although early figures were simply described as ‘Friendly’ or ‘Enemy’ on the packaging). The figures were all given individual names, in contrast to the simple designations they received in Japan.

Introduced in 1983 by Tonka Inc., the GoBots toys were part of the robot "sensation" that swept the nation for a short time.

The line sold well initially but was overtaken by Transformers. 1987 was the final year in which new Gobots were released. In 1991, Hasbro acquired the GoBots range from Tonka Inc.

Releases
Tonka released the first batch of figures to stores in 1983, one year prior to the Transformers. The bulk of the Gobot line was taken from the Machine Robo "600 Series" line of figures, which were around 5–8 cm / 2-3 inches high on average. The robot figures transformed into a mixture of generic and specific contemporary machines, plus a handful of Second World War fighter aircraft, and a number of futuristic designs. This unnamed assortment, usually referred to as "Regular" Gobots, was used throughout the four years Gobots were produced and was later supplemented by figures from the Machine Robo Devil Invaders sub-line, plus some aborted Machine Robo figures and some commissioned from Bandai by Tonka.

Larger figures, averaging around 12–15 cm (5-6 inches) tall in robot mode, were released as Super Gobots. Some of these were drawn from the Machine Robo Scale Robo DX line, some from the MR Big Machine Robo line (these included larger versions of Leader-1, the Guardian leader, and Cy-Kill, the Renegade leader) and some designs not released in Japan. The line also included two gestalt-style figures, the car-based Puzzler and monster-based Monsterous.

Several other ranges were drawn from existing Bandai figures (such as the Secret Riders ).

Tonka did design some toys for the line, including the Guardian Command Center and Renegade Thruster playsets, and the motorized Renegade Zod. In addition to these, two versions of the Power Warrior were made for both the Guardians and the Renegades, using molds from the Machine Robo line and recolored. The Nemesis Power Warrior used a tank for the center body and was released only in Japan. A large playset called the Gobotron Fortress was also shown to have existed in various articles and catalogues, but it has never been released.

A spin-off line, Rock Lords, crossed over with the Gobots in the feature film GoBots: Battle of the Rock Lords, and was issued as a separate toy line by Tonka in 1986.

† = release cancelled.

Media
Hanna-Barbera produced a cartoon series called Challenge of the GoBots to promote the toy line, which ran for 65 22-minute episodes from 1984 to 1985. In 1986, soon after the end of the Challenge of the Gobots television series, the Gobots co-starred with the Rock Lords in an animated feature film GoBots: Battle of the Rock Lords, again produced by Hanna-Barbera.

In 1984, two Gobot children's books were published by Golden Books, an imprint of Western Publishing. The books, titled War of the Gobots and Gobots on Earth, were written by Robin Snyder and illustrated by Steve Ditko, and chronicled the origins of the Gobots. The Gobots were also featured in the 1986 book Collision Course Comet - Robo Machine Featuring The Challenge Of The Gobots and the 1985 book The Wagner Sirens-Robo Machine Featuring The Challenge Of The Gobots, both of which were published by Egmont Books.

The closest thing to a Gobot comic book was the Gobots Magazine, produced by Telepictures Publishing. This included a short comic strip, based on the Challenge of the GoBots cartoon continuity, as well as features on real-life robots, quiz pages and the like. It ran quarterly from winter 1986 to winter 1987, managing five issues. Unlike the Transformers comics, it was aimed at a very young readership.

In the UK, a Robo Machines comic strip was produced, using many of the characters from the Gobot line, but following a different continuity than the cartoon. This was written by Tom Tully, and ran in the second volume of Eagle from November 1984 to July 1985. After Fleetway discontinued their licence agreement, the property was leased to World Distributors, who produced annuals following the cartoon continuity in 1986 and 1987.

A Gobots video game was released in 1986 by Ariolasoft for the Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC, and ZX Spectrum computer formats. Gobots software for other computers, home video game systems or coin-operated arcade game systems is unknown at this time.

It was announced that Hasbro has applied for a new Go-Bots trademark (this is not a renewal) under "distribution of motion pictures, ongoing television programs" and "Toys, games and playthings, namely, toy vehicles and accessories for use therewith.

In October 2018, IDW began publishing a Go-Bots mini series written and illustrated by Tom Scioli.

Worldwide
Unlike Transformers, Gobots was released in several guises around the world.
 * In the UK, France and a number of other European countries, Bandai released the figures as Robo Machine, utilising most of the Tonka names. Later on, when the Challenge of the Gobots cartoon arrived, this was changed, or modified (often resulting in clumsy branding such as Robo Machines featuring Challenge of the Gobots or Challenge of the Gobots - A Robo Machine Production).
 * In Australia, the line was released as Machine Men. The Machine Men name had been used also by Bandai in an item to market Machine Robo in America in early 1984, but after issuing six figures the line failed. However, Bandai's Australian release was successful enough to retain the Machine Men branding, which was even added to the cartoon when that began airing.
 * In Brazil, the line was initially produced by Glasslite as Mutante. The license was later taken over by Mimo.
 * It was also translated into Arabic and retitled Hikayat alamaliqa, or A Tale of Giants.
 * In Japan, Bandai opted to keep with the Machine Robo line, rather than importing the Gobots due to licensing issues.

Transformers
In 1991, Hasbro took over Tonka, and thus the Gobot trademarks; the molds for the action figures remain the property of Bandai, having only been leased to Tonka, and some were reissued in 1993 for the European Robo Machines line. Since then, the trademarks have been used several times — a character called Gobots was released in 1993, a range of figures in 1995 was called the Go-Bots, and Hasbro subsidiary Playskool issued a line named Transformers: Gobots in 2002. To this date, there have been a few exclusives referencing GoBots, but they have all been recolors of other Transformer molds as opposed to new figures. Examples of this are the Transformers 2007 movie-themed Fracture (based on Crasher) and Backtrack (based on Night Ranger; unreleased, but shown in promotional materials) and Revenge of the Fallen figures Deadlift (based on Spoons) and Reverb (based on Dart). Also, Botcon 2007 Bugbite, an off-white repaint of Classics Bumblebee, was released as the second Bug Bite toy in Transformers. The first Bug Bite was a Japanese-exclusive white repaint of Generation 1 Bumblebee which retained Bug Bites VW Beetle vehicle mode. The color change to white was due to Bumblebee and Bug Bite sharing the colors yellow and black in their original competing releases.

The name Leader-1 was reused for Transformers Armada Megatron's mini-con in 2002.

While Hasbro has used current toy technology to update their G1 Transformer characters over the years, it is unlikely that Gobots will receive similar treatment, as the molds—and thus, the original character designs—belong to Bandai.

In 1995, a line of Transformers called Go-Bots (small, Matchbox-sized car Transformers which had racing axles) were released, including Bumblebee, Double Clutch, High Beam, Ironhide, Megatron, Mirage, Optimus Prime, Soundwave, Sideswipe, and Frenzy. Of the 6 molds produced, 15 Go-Bot characters were released, including the 1995 BotCon convention exclusive figure, Nightracer (a recoloring of Go-Bot Bumblebee). Subsequent uses of these molds were renamed Spy Changers.

Gearhead was used to demonstrate the Hasbro Go-Bots line at Toy Fair 1995. They were described by the pitch-man as "The all-new, most mind-blowing, laser-slashing, robot-bashing product line ever!"

Guillermo Gutierrez in the 2018 film Bumblebee (film) asks the protagonist Charlie Watson if the Transformers are like the fictional toy line Gobots in a deleted scene on the Blu-Ray. The film is set in 1987.

title: GoBots


text:
Talk:Stone tool

Mesolithic + Microliths
Ok, this article has references the the paleolithic and neolithic, but we are missing the Mesolithic and notes on microliths. Unfortunately I don't know much about them, someone else care to fill the article out? (Thefuguestate 09:09, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

I am doing a project and i need to make a early man tool and then write about it. can anyone give me some ideas?

Merge proposal
Flint is the earlier chipped tool, so deserves a separate article. However, it needs expansion, as the above comment shows. Stone axes is a wider topic, but also needs separate treatment. Peterlewis (talk) 05:54, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

merging
search "mineral", stone and flint do NOT have the same definition. flint has properties stone does not. this is important when doing field studies. when I search stone tools I do not want to see flint tools. they should be seperate.Whitefox921 (talk) 03:47, 7 October 2009 (UTC)

 * what 174.24.72.14 (talk) 16:14, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

I am concerned over this merge and redirect
In June 2009 someone redirected tool stone to Stone tool, with the edit summary "merged to Stone tool. Looks better in context." The redirector placed a mergeto back on stone tool. But when one places a mergeto, they are also supposed to place a mergefrom. And they are supposed to initiate a section on the talk page of the target article, explaining why they think the merge is a good idea. The contributor who merged this material didn't do either of those things.

I am concerned over this apparently unilateral merge for both reasons specific to this instance, and on what I regard as very serious general grounds about this kind of merge. Geo Swan (talk) 14:01, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

Specific objections to merging tool stone to stone tool
When one checks Special:WhatLinksHere/Tool_stone one sees close to a dozen articles target tool stone.

What I found when I started to check those article that have wikilinks to tool stone is that the first three I looked at used both stone tool and tool stone in the same sentence. Obviously the authors of those other articles thought that stone tool and tool stone were separate topics. Ground stone had wikilinks to both stone tool and tool stone in its very first sentence.

I think anyone who checks with our actual readers will find that it is very annoying for readers to click on one link, and be taken to a different article. Imagine someone reading one of these articles, like ground stone, or knapping, wanting to know more information, first clicking on stone tool, reading it, then clicking the back button, and then clicking on tool stone. What is their reaction? "Why didn't I just read this in the other article?"

I think this merge should be reversed for this reason alone. Here are the first three articles I checked. Geo Swan (talk) 14:01, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

General undesirability of wikilinks that target subsections within other articles
Wikilinks to subsection headings are widely used in the wikipedia namespace, and for historical reasons they will likely continue being used there. Wikilinks to subsection heading are lightly used in the article name space, and, if I had my way, this practice would be discontinued. If a topic is worthy of a wikilink, it is worthy of an article of its own.

Wikilinking to subsection heading is only partially supported by our underlying wikimedia software. A reader can follow wikilinks to subsection headings, by clicking on them. But other key features of wikilinks are not supported when the target is a subsection within another article.

The wikimedia software supports the very useful watchlist feature. But the granularity of our watchlists is whole articles. We can't put a subsection of an article on our watchlist. When a small article, that was capable of standing alone is merged to a larger article, then we degrade the value of the watchlists of everyone who was watching either of those two articles. When they were separate articles interested readers had four choices. Now they are reduced to two choices. And if they previously had just one of those articles on their watchlist, and they choose to continue to watchlist the merged article, they will get advised of lots of changes that are not of interest to them.

The Wikimedia software's redirect feature provides huge advantages over the unidirectional links of the regular world-wide-web. On the regular world-wide-web when the author of a web page changes its name they will irrevocably break all the existing links to that page. And they have no reliable way of knowing if lots of external pages link to their page, or whether no external pages link to their page. Wikimedia redirects transparently fix this enormous disadvantage of regular web links -- provided our wikilinks are article to article wikilinks. When an wikilink targets a subsection heading within an article it too will break if the subsection heading is removed or renamed. And the contributor who innocently removes or renames a section heading will have no way of knowing they are breaking wikilinks. This is highly undesirable behavior.

The wikimedia software's "what links here" feature is a powerful, and unfortunately underappreciated feature. When one is reading new articles, incomplete articles, and one finds that the last article they arrived at does not contain the information they were looking for, they can click on the "what links here" button. Often the articles that link to the current article will have the information they seek, or will link to other related articles that have the information they seek. The excessive urge to merge seriously degrades the value of the "what links here" button. I am a fan of the original UNIX design philosophy, of the original Research UNIX crowd at Bell Labs in the 1970s, as set out in the books coauthored by Brian Kernighan. He wrote that every tool should be small and focussed and do just one job, but do it well, and rely on the UNIX interprocess communication tools, to string together tools to do more complex tasks. I think a similar design philosophy should apply to wikipedia articles. In general, wikipedia articles should be small and focussed, and cover just one topic. When they are small and focussed and cover just one topic their "what links here" list is most useful, as everything on that list should be related to the one topic of the article. But when the "urge to merge" prevails looking at the "what links here" button gives a lot of false positives -- articles that link to the merged article that aren't related to what the reader is looking for because the article is no longer covering just one topic.

What I think mergist fail to appreciate is that it is easier for a reader to get to information that might be useful to them by clicking on a link, than by scrolling, or searching within the current article. If you scroll of search with an article you lose your place. When you click on a link, if the information is not what you want, you click the back button, and you are right where you started out.

Some old jazz guy said that the important thing about jazz was the space between the notes.

Similarly, the important thing about understanding the real power of the wikipedia is to appreciate that the links between information is at least as important, if not more important, than how well written our prose is. I believe a wikipedia full of poorly written prose, but richly linked, would be more useful than one full of professionally written prose, that was poorly linked.

Mergists sometimes defend their "urge to merge" with assertions that, "relax, all the important information" is still in the wikipedia -- it is just in one place, making it easier to find."''

Anyone who ever worked with an old-fashioned database, one that could crash, and be inoperable, who had a boss who really needed one crucial piece of info from that database will appreciate how important our links are. I had occasions when I had to take my calculator, and my hex editor, and page through a crashed database.

Over and above the specific reasons why this redirection concerned me there is a very serious general concern I have with redirections of this sort.

Have you considered what makes the wikipedia more powerful and more useful than any paper encyclopedia? It is not that the wikipedia is vastly larger than any paper encyclopedia. The power of the wikipedia is due to several features: The importance of rich interlinking is that the size of the wikipedia would be irrelevant if the wikipedia's rich interlinking didn't make it easy to find the information one wants. Geo Swan (talk) 14:01, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) The wikipedia is richly interlinked;
 * 2) Unlike old-fashione www links, wikilinks are bidirectional;
 * 3) Unlike old-fashione www links, wikilinks, when used properly, don't break when the link target is renamed;
 * 4) Unlike old-fashione www links, with wikilinks one can determine exactly what articles link to the current article;

 * Support merge. Geo Swans objection seems to be based on. (a) Tool stone is a topic on it's own.  (b) Wikilinks to sections are in his oppinion bad due to limitations in the software.  No one is claiming that tool stones isn't a topic on it's own, but it's a topic that in my opinion is better treated in the article on Stone tool.  This can, and very well might, change as more content is added to the either topic.  Point (b) is best adressed at the village pump, since it calls for discontinuation of section linking on a project wide scale.  I disagree with Geo Swan on this point, feeling that section links, where appropriate, is a better solution than seperate articles.  The reason for this is that with seperate articles there is a continual need to keep the articles in sync.  Also several topics, Tool Stone included, is better treated in an article that provides the context.  Finaly, in general, when the article becomes big enough that scolling causes a reader to lose his place then articles should be spun out.  I do not see that this is the case with Stone tool.  Taemyr (talk) 14:38, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
 * You are doing a great job on working on your paper. 174.24.72.14 (talk) 16:13, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

Mode 3...?
The link discussing Mousterian "Mode 3" lithic technology points to a telephone protocol. I can say with fair certainty that this is not the correct link location, but I do not know where it was intended to point. This is problematic. 129.93.158.62 (talk) 16:56, 12 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I did a search and came up empty, so I've just removed the link and the words, as we don't need to say Mode 3 again. Dougweller (talk) 17:07, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

Lithic technology merger
The discussion above seems to refer to other mergers so I am starting a section on the Lithic Technology merger. But first, a word about this article, Stone tools. It seems to me to be headed in entirely the right direction, is relevant to the topic and covers the essential. It needs a little expansion and finishing. In essence it presents the Modal scheme of J. Desmond Clark. You can find him on the Internet, no problem. His words are getting to be the words of lithic presentations. Using them one can discuss such topics as the Mode 1/Mode 2 transition. Oh, by the way, how about some "cite book" and some "cite journal" on the refs? Please. This having been said, you will see that Lithic technology purports to cover the same material, but there is almost nothing meaningful there and it needs references. The material is really here. The best thing to do, clearly, is cannibalize whatever of use there is in Lithic technology, including possibly some of the prose, and then redirect it to here. Now, it is possible to get very technical about the preparation of stone tools and that could go under Lithic technology, which would seem more to the point for that topic. But, WP has not gone in that direction. Those topics are in some of the linked articles. Starting from what there is, the merger is for the best.Dave (talk) 12:15, 18 January 2011 (UTC)
 * The modal scheme: sorry, wrong Clark. It is Grahame Clarke, World Prehistory, 1969. His work on the same topic with Stuart Piggott in 1965 lacks it. If no one else does it I will write that up briefly when I get a chance. Everyone since 1969 seems to have snatched the concept right up. It appears everywhere, no disputes. For the lithic technology merger, the main discussion is under lithic technology and it seems to be closed. I don't know what the tag is still doing here.Dave (talk) 05:17, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

Dates
The dates are a refinement that should be here, or else not be here with pointers to articles in which they are covered. Apart from the 2.6 they are not really accurate, but this topic is under heavy investigation in the field. In general, Mode 2 succeeds Mode 1 but not at the same time in different regions. The archaeological gurus point to dated sites when they present it, and these sites are carefully dated by geologic and other experts whom they hire along on the field work for the purpose. So, an overall 250,000 guessed at by a WP scholar will not do at all. Mode 1 went all the way to the Far East and it ended at vastly different times along that range. For the 2.6, well, what is striking about that is that it is in the Late Pliocene, earlier than anyone previously suspected. Moreover, there is a gap 2.9-2.6 in the layers in Ethiopia so they are guessing it will turn up eventually 2.9 and earlier. But that is educated speculation.Dave (talk) 12:35, 18 January 2011 (UTC)
 * PS I decided to get back on here and improve this a little. Absolute dates are not appropriate because they vary. Typically you see the modes linked with lower, middle and upper palaeolithic, which are relative dates. In this case though under "Stone age" that is already covered and made clear. It seems a "period" concern rather than a "lithic technology" concern so I am taking the liberty of removing the dates on the presumption that they are or will be adequately covered under "stone age."Dave (talk) 01:13, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

Start Class
This has been "start class" since 2006. Give us a break!Dave (talk) 12:40, 18 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Keep working maybe tomorrow 174.24.72.14 (talk) 16:12, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

Tool stone revisited
The final decision of the authors was to move "Tool stone" to a main article on the topic. That having been done, the duplicate material should have been removed; after all, that is the point of having a separate article. So, I left only the first sentence as a general introduction. The rest is of course under Tool stone. But, there is another reason also. Tool stone covers modern uses, which should not be in the article on the ancient. For example, the industrial use of diamonds and diamond paste was quite beyond the ancients. One does not want to give the impression that the ancients used it. Thank you.Dave (talk) 20:24, 18 January 2011 (UTC)

Incomplete refs
Barton, RNE, Stone Age Britain English Heritage/BT Batsford:London 1997 qtd in Butler, 2005. See also Wymer, JJ, The Lower Palaeolithic Occupation of Britain, Wessex Archaeology and English Heritage, 1999.

No page numbers given, no ref on Butler. I did see a snippet view on Barton. It only repeats Clarke so I deemed the reference on Clarke to be totally adequate. He goes into pages of detail. Note that, these are refs to the stone age in Britain. Trying to use the British dates for "rough dates" isn't going to do it. People usually give African dates plus the dates for Eurasia or Europe and Asia. Some detail it out by region: the Levant, India, Cnina, SE Asia, etc. The author did not attempt any of that so I figured Clarke's relative scheme is adequate for the intent. You can get additional detail by going to the linked articles on lower paleolithic, middle, upper, etc. or Oldowan, Acheulian, etc.Dave (talk) 15:11, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

Article Image
While that carved head is very pretty, it is neither stone nor a tool. Can someone put a picture of a stone tool above that box? I don't know how to. 174.30.208.36 (talk) 19:11, 22 March 2011 (UTC)

Technocomplexes
Looks to me as though this word is used only in this one article - it really needs a definition somewhere. I cah't find one. Dougweller (talk) 17:07, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

Linking Mode 1
In the subsection on "Evolutionary development of Technocomplexes" under "Mode 1" the link associated with the text "Mode 1" directs the reader to "Mode 2". First, that's kind of funny, but second, I think it's referring to a different kind of "Mode 1" than is meant in this article. I believe the "Mode 1" referenced in this article should link to the wikipage Oldowan. Addemf (talk) 20:07, 7 January 2015 (UTC)

Oldest stone tools
As of 4/15/2015, A report of the oldest stone tools that are 3.3 million years old, preceding the Oldowan tools and the tools found in Gona. http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2015/04/15/archaeologists-take-wrong-turn-find-worlds-oldest-stone-tools Jcardazzi (talk) 12:12, 19 April 2015 (UTC)jcardazzi
 * Interesting, but a low-key talk in April, followed by a journalist's blogpost, is rather too little to justify inclusion yet. Johnbod (talk) 14:40, 19 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes, I'd prefer something more substantial, more evidence of its acceptance. Dougweller (talk) 15:13, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

New articles on the subject: http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature14464 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/05/150520-oldest-stone-tools-discovery-harmand-archaeology http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/oldest-known-stone-tools-unearthed-kenya-180955341 Jcardazzi (talk) 12:06, 21 May 2015 (UTC)jcardazzi

 * Time to add it. Dougweller (talk) 13:17, 21 May 2015 (UTC)

New study claims stone tools made in India 247,000 years ago.
It has been an age old notion that the Homo sapiens (modern humans) migrated to India from Africa around 1.25 lakh years ago carrying Middle Paleolithic stone tools with them to India. The scientific dating of artefacts excavation of the stone tools excavated from Hanumanthunipadu in Andhra Pradesh's Ongole District in 2018 has busted these concepts recently. The dating of these artefacts/tools was carried out in the Luminescence Laboratory at the Atomic Molecular and the Optical Physics division of Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) Ahmedabad. It is revealed that these stone tools were originally developed in India much before the arrival of modern humans from African continent. Archaeologists from MS University have carried out the scientific dating. These stone tools date back to 2.47 lakh years

Earlier theories were based on the excavation of tools/ artefacts from four sites- Jwalapuram in Andhra Pradesh, Sanhwa in Gujarat's Kutch, Katoti in Rajasthan and Dhaba in Madhya Pradesh. The stone tools excavated from the above sites were not more than 1.2 lakh years old. Hence the scientist assumed that the Middle Paleolithic stone tool culture is not more than 1.22 lakh years.Sujasi (talk) 18:07, 1 September 2022 (UTC) Sujasi (talk) 18:07, 1 September 2022 (UTC)

 * We need to wait for a peer reviewed article and reaction to that, not the media. Doug Weller  talk 18:13, 1 September 2022 (UTC)

Evs 2
Tamanna ravi salve 103.177.43.39 (talk) 15:25, 8 November 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Stone tool


text:
Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet

Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet (1667 – 2 July 1747) was a British churchman.

A member of the old Westmorland family, Fleming was the fifth son of Sir Daniel Le Fleming of Rydal Hall. Along with his three brothers, he was educated at Sedbergh School. From Sedbergh, he progressed to St Edmund Hall, Oxford in 1688. He became Canon of Carlisle Cathedral in 1700, Archdeacon of Carlisle in 1705, Dean in 1727 and finally Bishop of Carlisle in 1734. He succeeded as 2nd baronet in 1736. A successor, the Revd Sir Richard Le Fleming Bt, became rector of both Windermere and Grasmere and gave William Wordsworth a home at Rydal Mount.

Before moving to Rydal Hall, the Le Fleming family lived at Coniston Hall, which is now owned by the National Trust.

title: Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet


text:
Joe Baker

Joseph Henry Baker (17 July 1940 – 6 October 2003) was an England international footballer. Born in Woolton in Liverpool, England, he spent virtually his entire childhood growing up in Motherwell, Scotland. He is notable for being the first professional player to have played for England without having previously played in the English football league system, and for scoring over 100 goals in both the English and Scottish leagues. His brother Gerry Baker was also a professional footballer, who played internationally for the United States.

Early years
Joe Baker's mother was Scottish. His father, George, born in Woolton, was a sailor. When living in New York, Joe's elder brother, Gerry, was born in 1938. After the outbreak of World War 2, the family moved to Liverpool when George volunteered for the Merchant Marines. George survived his boat being torpedoed but soon after died from the injuries he received. The family then evacuated to Motherwell in Scotland, just six weeks after Joe's birth and this is where the Baker brothers spent the rest of their childhood.

Hibernian
A centre forward, Baker spent a month on trial with Chelsea as a youngster, but was not signed. He signed professional terms with Hibernian after playing Junior football for local Coltness United, and was then farmed out to another Junior team, Armadale Thistle. In his first season with Hibs, the 17-year-old Baker scored all four goals in Hibs' 4–3 victory over city rivals Hearts in the quarter-final of the 1958 Scottish Cup. He played in the 1958 Scottish Cup Final which Hibs lost 1–0 to Clyde, and also scored nine goals in a Scottish Cup tie against Peebles Rovers. Baker was Hibs' top goalscorer for four consecutive seasons, scoring a club record 42 goals in 33 league games during the 1959–60 season. In all he scored 102 goals in just 117 league games, and 159 goals in all competitions for the Edinburgh club.

Gerry Baker signed for Hibernian from Manchester City in November 1961, not long after Joe had left Easter Road.

Torino
In 1961, Baker was transferred to Torino for £75,000, after the Hibs board refused to give him a £5 increase from his existing wage of £12 a week. Despite scoring a winning goal in a Turin derby match against Juventus, his time at the Italian club was short and almost ended in tragedy. Baker was involved in a serious car crash, which meant that he needed life-saving surgery and spent over a month on a drip feed. It was a generally unhappy spell as Baker did not like the press intrusion, which meant that he and teammate Denis Law spent most of their time in their Turin apartment.

Arsenal
Baker recovered from his injuries and he returned to the UK in July 1962, joining Billy Wright's Arsenal for a club record fee of £70,000. He made his debut against Leyton Orient on 18 August 1962, and in all spent four seasons with the Gunners. For three out of those four seasons (1962–63, 1964–65 and 1965–66) he was the club's top scorer; in total he scored 100 goals in 156 games in all competitions, making him one of the club's most prolific goalscorers of all time.

His pace and acceleration made him a highly effective and dynamic attacker, and he was equally adept with his feet and his head, despite his lack of height. With Geoff Strong he formed one of Arsenal's most prolific striking partnerships, but the defence could not match the quality of the team's attack, which meant they were unable to finish above 7th in the league during his time at the club.

Nottingham Forest
After a disappointing 1965–66 season, Wright sold Baker to Nottingham Forest for £65,000. Baker had a successful 1966/67 at Forest, as the club finished runners-up in the top division to the club that would win the following season's European Cup: Matt Busby's Manchester United (whose team included Baker's ex Torino teammate, Denis Law). In that season, Baker was injured in the 3–2 victory over Everton in the FA Cup 6th round and missed the rest of the season. Prior to his injury, Forest had lost only once in 28 games; after it they only won three of their six remaining league games and lost in the FA Cup semi-final to Tottenham Hotspur. In three years at Forest, Baker scored 41 goals in 118 league games.

Sunderland, return to Hibs and Raith Rovers
Baker then moved to Sunderland for a fee of £30,000, and spent the following two seasons playing for the Black Cats.

He returned to Hibernian for a second time in 1971 and scored 12 goals in 30 appearances. He moved to Raith Rovers in 1972 and retired in 1974, having in all scored 301 league goals in 507 games.

International career
Baker's talents meant that he was selected by the Scottish Schools team, but his birthplace made him only eligible to play for England under the rules of the time; "I was the first Scottish League player to play for England and it was a hard thing to take because I was a Scot, as far as I was concerned."

He made his England debut against Northern Ireland in 1959, which made him the first professional player to be capped for England while playing for a club outside the English football league system. It also meant that he was the first player to play for England without having ever played for an English club (Owen Hargreaves was the next player to do this, in 2001).

Baker won eight caps for the senior England side, five while he was playing for Hibs and three while with Arsenal. These later caps were won when he earned a brief recall to the England side in 1965. Despite scoring in a 2–0 win over Spain, Baker did not make the squad for the 1966 FIFA World Cup.

Managerial career and later life
Baker later became Albion Rovers manager on two occasions, but never pursued a full coaching career, instead running a pub and working for Hibernian's hospitality service. He died at the age of 63, after suffering a heart attack during a charity golf tournament, dying in Wishaw General Hospital soon after.

title: Joe Baker


text: User talk:68.97.229.154

title: User talk:68.97.229.154


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Daniel Nass

As the owner of this page (I'm Daniel), and not knowing anything about wikipedia, could someone tell me what it means to "delete me"? Should I await the government busting down my door? ;)


text:
Gimnasio Olímpico Juan de la Barrera

The Gimnasio Olímpico Juan de la Barrera is an indoor arena located in Mexico City, Mexico. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, it hosted the volleyball competitions, and it is located next to the Olympic pool. It was the home of La Ola Roja del Distrito Federal of the LNBP from 2000 to 2007 and the professional basketball team Capitanes de Ciudad de México from 2017 to 2020. The arena seats 5,242 people in two stand levels. For years, it has been the traditional home of professional basketball in Mexico City.

title: Gimnasio Olímpico Juan de la Barrera


text:
Purohita

Purohita (पुरोहित), in the Hindu context, means chaplain or family priest within the Vedic priesthood. In Thailand and Cambodia, it refers to the royal chaplains.

Etymology
The word purohita derives from the Sanskrit, puras meaning "front", and hita, "placed". The word is also used synonymously with the word pandit, which also means "priest". Tirtha purohita means the purohita who sit at the fords of the holy rivers or holy tanks and who have maintained the records of the forefathers of the Hindu family for thousands of years. Purohita can refer to a house priest.

Education
In India, literate men from the Brahmin varna  who desire to become purohitas receive special training both in theory and practice in Vedic schools linked to agraharams, inherited from royal grants to train and sustain chaplains historically maintained by dynasties such as the Cholas and Pallavas.

In fact, special training is required to perform yajna and yagadi rituals. For this, knowledge of the Vedas is required. In order to learn those rituals, one must settle down as courtiers in famous temples. Temples like Tirupati, Simhachalam or Chathapuram Agraharam run Vedic schools to teach wisdom to the aspiring purohita. Chathapuram Agraharam in Kalpathi. Moreover, by joining as disciples of eminent scholars, some learn this education in the manner of gurus.

Training follows the rhythm of mandatory regular prayer or Sandhyavandanam. The candidates are first trained in the Vigneswara Puja. Cantillation and preaching are also part of the formation. This initial formation takes at least one year. After that, it takes another five to eight years to learn to rich array of rites of passage or Shodasha rituals.

Duties
The duties of the purohita is to perform rites or yajna and Vedic sacrifices such as ashvamedha in favour of a sponsor.

Since Vedic times the sponsor of the sacrifice, or yajamāna was only a distant participant while the hotṛ or brahman took his stead in the ritual. In this seconding lay the origins of the growing importance of the purohita (literally, "one who is placed in front"). The purohita offered sacrifices in the name of his sponsor, besides conducting other more domestic (gṛhya) rituals for him also. The purohita can mediate for his sponsor "even to the extent of bathing or fasting for him" and the purohita in some ways becomes a member of the family. The purohita is traditionally a hereditary charge linked to a royal dynasty, a noble family, a group of families, or a village. As one purohita is tied to a certain family of number of families, the division among a new generation of the duties of a first purohita has sometimes given rise to conflicts. Thus, in 1884, a hereditary purohita whose right had been contested by his older brother was given right to officiate in his village as well as damages and fees by the Appellate Civil Court in India.

Origin
Rajapurohita was an ancient term for a priest who acted for royalty, carrying out rituals and providing advice. In this sense, it is synonymous with rajaguru. Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund note that, "there is much evidence in ancient texts that there were two ideal types of Brahmanas in those days, the royal priest (rajapurohita) or advisor (rajaguru) and the sage (rishi) who lived in the forest and shared his wisdom only with those who asked for it." They are generally found in the states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttarkhand, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. The term's modern use in this sense has been described by Sumit Sarkar as a "self-conscious archaism".

The violent scriptural conflict between Vasishtha and Vishvamitra, two of the most famous prelates of the Vedic age, for the post of purohita in the court of king Sudas, show how much importance was attached to the office in those days.

Decline
The office of purohita was one of great honour in the Vedic times in India, but by the end of 19th century it had become insignificant.

In the 1970s, the purohita had been reduced to "rudimentary religious tasks". Along with the loss of the privy purse, the Maharajas of India lost their princely status and the role of the purohita as royal chaplains declined even more.

To this day, however, the Pareeks claim to be descendants of the purohitas of the Rajas and Maharajas. Since the 1990s, various attempts to renew the Vedic priesthood and the role of the purohita have come from both traditional Vedic temples as well as new movements such as "New Age Purohit Darpan" by the Bengalis to the Bengali diaspora.

Southeast Asia
Brahmins still serve as royal chaplains and conduct the royal ceremonies in Southeast Asian countries where the monarchy had been maintained.

Cambodia
Khmer legends refer to Java Brahmins coming to Kambujadesa. A Brahmin called Hiranyadama was sent from India to teach Tantric rites to Sivakaivalya whose family honoured the post of Royal purohita for nearly 250 years.

Ties between the brahmanic lineage from India and the Khmer dynasty were reinforced by bonds of marriage: Indian Brahmin Agatsya married Yasomati, and Duvakara was wedded to Indralakshmi, daughter of king Rajendravarman.

Thus, Sivasoma, the purohita who served as royal chaplain to Indravarman and Yasovarman I was also the grandson of King Jayendradhipativarman and the maternal uncle of Jayavarman II. Sivasoma oversaw the construction of Phnom Bakheng at Angkor, a Hindu temple in the form of a temple mountain, dedicated to Shiva.

Another important purohita was Sarvajnamuni, a brahmin who had left India "to gain the favours of Shiva by coming to Cambodia", and became the purohita of Jayavarman VIII whom he led in the "Shaivite reaction", an iconoclastic movement was directed towards the monuments of Jayavarman VII.

The Brahminical rituals were reinstated in Cambodia after the overthrow of the Khmer Rouge.

Myanmar
The Brahmins of Myanmar have historically provided reading of the futures of the king they are serving.They lost their role due to the abolition of monarchy with the deposing of king Thibaw, but continues to engage in fortune telling.

Thailand
Thailand has two ethnic Thai Brahmin communities-Brahm Luang (Royal Brahmins) and Brahm Chao Baan (folk Brahmins). All ethnic Thai Brahmins are Buddhist by religions, who still worship Hindu deities. The Brahm Luang (Royal Brahmins) mainly perform royal ceremonies for the Thai King, including crowning of the king. They belong to the long family bloodline of Brahmins in Thailand, who originated from Tamil Nadu. The Brahm Chao Baan or folk Brahmins are the category of Brahmins who are not from a bloodline of priests. Generally, these Brahmins have a small knowledge about the rituals and ceremonies. The Devasathan is the centre of Brahmin activity in Thailand. This is where the Triyampawai ceremony is conducted, which is a Tamil Shaiva ritual. It was built more than 200 years ago. Apart from this there are also Indian Brahmins from India who migrated to Thailand more recently.

Though it is believed that the Brahmins serving the court and residing at the Devasathan temple come from Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, Prince historian Damrong Rajanubhab has mentioned about three kind of Brahmins, from Nakhon Si Thammarat, from Phatthalung, and those who originated from Cambodia.

title: Purohita


text: Category:Competition

title: Category:Competition


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Interlync

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 07:36, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Interlync

 * See also Votes for deletion/Interlync Internet Services, inc. and Votes for deletion/Kevin kohn.

It's advertizing blurb for a common-or-garden ISP that is not exactly a household name. Wikipedia is not a directory of ISPs. Uncle G 17:11, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)
 * Thanks for getting around to this. Delete as above. jglc | t | c 18:06, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable company. DS1953 18:28, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy ad --Xcali 18:51, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nn. -- BD2412  talk 19:38, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Ardusat

Ardusat (Erdőszáda) is a commune in western Maramureș County, Romania on the banks of the Someș River, near the border with Satu Mare County. The first record of its existence dates back to 1230. It is composed of three villages: Ardusat, Arieșu de Câmp (Mezőaranyos) and Colțirea (Kolcér).

Ethnographically it belongs to "Țara Codrului" (The Forest Land), with which it shares numerous cultural traditions. The local choir has won prizes at Italian, Eastern European and American contests.

Sights
In addition to the local crafts, superstitions, and folklore, other attractions for tourists include the Greek-Catholic church (18th century), the ruins of the Degenfeld Castle, and a 300-year-old sequoia tree. The remnants of the railroad bridge over the Someș, destroyed by the 1970 floods, can still be seen. The river has great fishing. Since 2005 Ardusat has had its own celebration, which takes place on the first Saturday and Sunday after August 15 (the Dormition of the Theotokos). The religious celebration of the church is scheduled every year on January 6. The church in the village center was Romanian Greek-Catholic until 1948, when the communist regime outlawed the denomination and transferred its properties to the Romanian Orthodox Church.

Sister cities

 * Vernier, Switzerland is a sister town to Ardusat.

title: Ardusat


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Interlync Internet Services, inc.

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 07:37, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Interlync Internet Services, inc.

 * See also Votes for deletion/Interlync and Votes for deletion/Kevin kohn.

It's advertizing blurb for a common-or-garden ISP that is not exactly a household name. Wikipedia is not a directory of ISPs. Uncle G 17:13, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)
 * Thanks for getting around to this. Delete as above. jglc | t | c 18:08, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable company.  DS1953 18:28, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nn. -- BD2412  talk 19:38, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)
 * Delete If it walks like an ad, talks like an ad, its an ad. You would think that they would stick it on their own web page! Hohokus 23:20, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * A good point. One paragraph is a straight copy of the text on this Interlync page. Uncle G 11:07, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)
 * Delete Thinly disguised ad. You 20:30, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Derelicts of Dialect

Derelicts of Dialect is the second and final studio album by New York hip hop trio 3rd Bass. It was released on June 14, 1991, through Def Jam Recordings. Recording sessions took place at Chung King Studios, Greene St. Recording and Calliope Studios in New York City from October 1990 to May 1991. The production was handled mostly by 3rd Bass themselves, along with Prince Paul, Sam Sever of Downtown Science, John Gamble, Dante Ross and Geeby Dajani of Stimulated Dummies, and KMD. It features guest appearances from Chubb Rock, KMD, Nice & Smooth.

The album is considered to be a critical success (explicitly not aimed toward a mainstream market), and gained publicity by featuring the surprise mainstream hit "Pop Goes the Weasel", a diss track towards Vanilla Ice. The music video features former Black Flag frontman Henry Rollins as Ice. X Clan is dissed on songs such as "Herbalz in Your Mouth".

The album is noted for its variety of styles (both musically and lyrically), and demonstrates influences ranging from De La Soul to A Tribe Called Quest (both members of the then-flourishing Native Tongues movement). Several anecdotes and skits on the album are influenced by 3 Feet High and Rising.

Derelicts of Dialect peaked at number 19 in the United States, at number 46 in the UK, and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on September 17, 1991.

Personnel

 * Michael Berrin – vocals, producer, percussion
 * Peter Nash – vocals, producer, accordion
 * Richard Lawson – scratches, producer
 * KMD – featured artist & producer (track 3)
 * Richard Simpson – featured artist (track 19)
 * Greg Mays – featured artist (track 16)
 * Darryl Barnes – featured artist (track 16)
 * John Gamble – producer, engineering, remixing
 * Dante Ross – producer, remixing
 * John Dajani – producer, remixing
 * Paul Huston – producer, cymbals
 * Sam Citrin – producer, percussion
 * Christopher Shaw – engineering, keyboards
 * Allen Title – saxophone, horns
 * Kevin Reynolds – engineering
 * Mike Teelucksingh – engineering
 * Howie Weinberg – mastering
 * Michael Lavine – photography

title: Derelicts of Dialect


text:
Talk:LaCie

Comments
Hello,
 * what is the correct pronunciation of LaCie?
 * I pronounce it Luh-SEE. | -ShaneCavanaugh 20:22, September 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * I ordered one of their drives from Dell. The lady on the phone pronounced it LaSee.  I guess she'd know, since she told me later on that she used to work for them before they moved their headquarters to Oregon.  I've always pronounced it LaySee though, and still do. :) | -LStrong2K 16:58, October 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * I pronounce it "Lace-e" — Wackymacs 18:57, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I just emailed LaCie sales support to clear this up, because it's been bothering me for a while, too. Here's their response:

Thank you for your email. The name LaCie comes from the French abbreviation of the phrase "The Company". A direct translation would be "The Co.", and the pronunciation would sound out to be La- Cie (pronounced Sea).

Thank you,

______________________________________________ The LaCie Store Direct Sales (503) 844-4500x2 (503) 844-4501- fax 22985 NW Evergreen Pkwy Hillsboro, OR 97124
 * So, there ya go. --TangentIdea 19:38, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

 * And to think I have always pronounced La-See-A. Thanks for the correction! Arbiteroftruth (talk) 04:15, 11 January 2008 (UTC)
 * A company named "The Company" is certainly the best name for a company I've ever heard. J I P  | Talk 18:56, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

2TB External Hard Drive
LaCie now has a 2TB external hard drive, which should be added to the timeline. I would ad it myself, but I don't know when it was released. They sell it on Amazon. Wuffyz

There's an archive of their press releases at http://www.lacie.com/uk/company/news/ (back to 2004). Bear in mind that European and US prodcu releases sometimes differ - select UK in "choose country" menu for European PR in English. Wikidwitch 23:32, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

No mention of APS aquisition
There's no mention of LaCie buying out drive maker APS, which was a major Mac HD company in the 90s. LaCie continued to use APS's cases for a couple years after the takeover (right before the d2 line of drives came out). --68.103.154.140 03:44, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Additional info about APS aquisition: Yes, that was definitely an important step in the expansion process. APS Technologies was (according to sources within the company at the time) the world's largest manufacturer of external desktop storage products on the Mac market, and it's only large competitor on the Mac market was LaCie. APS Technlologies filed for Chapter 11 in January 1998, and was in March 1998 aquired by LaCie. 78.70.19.210 (talk) 11:53, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

Design and Timeline
Since design is so important to LaCie's history, should the design section be more thorough to cover each of their new introductions over the years? Images could be used from their press releases to visually illustrate the different designs. I would be willing to do the research, but should it be done? --The Rumour 21:31, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Definitely a good idea. Images sourced from PR are probably under © LaCie or ©reviewer and not public domain. Would have to seek clearance before use. Wikidwitch 23:39, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Factual Errors, founder, naming, ...
La Cie, Ltd. (La Cie) was founded in July 1987 in Tigard, Oregon, USA. La Cie was not two companies simply one. Joel Kamerman, his parents Robert and Tudy Kamerman, and Roger Bates founded La Cie. Joel Kamerman was La Cie's president and general manager from July 1987 through December 1995.

The company was named La Cie, Ltd. by Joel Kamerman. His first company was called Kamerman Labs and having been awakened in the middle of the night with customer phone calls he decided to name the company, The Company. Joel's first new car was a Renault Le Car, hence La Cie. The French was not correct but it sounded and looked better than Le Cie.

Joel Kamerman founded La Cie on three principals: (1) profit was more important than revenue; (2) product differentiation would create profit; and (3) vertical integration was key to La Cie's long term viability. La Cie's objective was to create premier products and differentiate the company through industrial design and value added software.

La Cie's Silverlining software was one key to their success. Silverlining was designed and developed by Roger Bates whom Joel Kamerman met at Tektronix. Roger Bates met with Joel Kamerman in 1983 and suggested the idea of a Macintosh drive.

Joel Kamerman through La Cie pioneered the concept of industrial designed products before companies were following the design trend. La Cie won industrial design awards for the Cirrus Drive, the Tsunami Drive, the Pocket Drive and the Joule. Except for the Joule, all products were designed and manufactured before La Cie was acquired by Quantum Corporation or D2. All La Cie products were designed by Portland Oregon's Ziba Design, a worldwide leader helping companies create ideas, design and experiences.

Before La Cie was acquired by Quantum, Joel Kamerman heard a rumor that Quantum was buying Jasmine a La Cie competitor. Joel Kamerman immediately called Bill Roach to discuss the rumor. Joel Kamerman suggested if Quantum is going to buy an aftermarket drive company, why not acquire a profitable one like La Cie!

La Cie was acquired by Plus Development, a Quantum division, in November of 1990. La Cie grew from 3 employees in 1987 to approximately 100 by 1995. La Cie was Quantum's most profitable and smallest subsidiary, and it was the most successful US Apple aftermarket drive company, nonetheless Quantum had difficulty justifying La Cie when Quantum was selling $2 billion dollars worth of OEM drives. Quantum decided to sell La Cie and several companies in the United States were approached with the idea of an acquisition. Joel Kamerman theorized the problem with a US acquisition is that La Cie would be downsized and employees would loose their jobs. Joel Kamerman suggested that Quantum find an international buyer such as D2 where an acquisition would benefit from both domestic and international distribution.

The rest is history.

La Cie / Le Cie
''Joel's first new car was a Renault Le Car, hence La Cie. The French was not correct but it sounded and looked better than Le Cie.''

How's the French not correct in "La Cie"? Actually "Le Cie" would be incorrect. Cie is a standard abbreviation for "compagnie" as stated above. Compagnie is a feminine, hence "La" is the only correct solution. -- L. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Aaton77 (talk • contribs) 00:41, August 27, 2007 (UTC)
 * How is the company name pronounced? --JWB (talk) 02:35, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

"Problems"
I removed the nonsensical, badly researched paragraph on "problems", which has no place here - especially since it was based solely on testimony of a motley assortment of customers whose qualification cannot be substantiated. After all, there is no "Problem" secion anywhere else, or is there one on "General Motors" automobiles, etc. Theomas Muething —Preceding undated comment was added at 15:41, 5 January 2009 (UTC).

Maybe there is no "Problems" section for other companies because they are not beset with the same problems as Lacie. If you look at "General Motors" you will note that there are a number of sections devoted to the problems of the company. i.e. "Environmental record" and "Labour Relations" Also, I find it quite odd that testimony of customers is not valid. Surely the users of a product have the best direct experience of it?

I plan to re-add the article referencing the information from these data recovery specialists. http://www.datlabs.co.uk/lacie-data-recovery.htm

"Recent drive failure figures have shown that there has been an increase in the failure rate of the larger capacity LaCie products. Datlabs have extensive knowledge of the typical problems faced by LaCie hard disk drives and would provide you with the best chance of retrieving your data."

"Specific files and / or directories become inaccessible and disappear."

"In more severe cases, the entire drive becomes inaccessible and disappears."

"The internal fan is susceptible to damage, and can break down due to wear and tear, the drive(s) are then prone to overheat within the casing, causing the device to fail."

"LaCie external disks are still prone to all the other problems hard disks suffer from ie. mechanical failure, logical failure, bad sectors etc." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.105.169.82 (talk) 14:50, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

This Is the Worst Technology Wikipedia Article I Have Ever Read
To reiterate, this is the worst Wikipedia technology article I have ever read. More of the article consists of how the company got its name than any other issue. It is obviously written by a bunch of stupid apple fan boys. Every hard drive manufacturer in the world has problems. However not one associated with Apple -- the problem section has been removed. I came here to answer one simple question: Does the company manufacture its own drives or use drives manufactured by other companies such as Seagate, Western Digital, Samsung, etc.? No information to be found. I am quite sure I will not be allowed to edit a single word of this article. In fact, any day I expect to see it locked down with a silver or gold lock because written by Apple fan boys, is, by definition, perfect and in no need of any actual facts. Just compare this article with the ones on the Western Digital or Seagate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.22.191.133 (talk) 17:00, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

I was wondering the same thing about the actual hard drives, and after doing a google image search it apears that LaCie hard drives use/used a number of various manufacturers: at least Maxtor, Seagate, Hitachi, WD, and Samsung. BebopBob (talk) 18:43, 11 December 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on LaCie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120928011921/http://www.lacie.com/us/company/news/news.htm?id=10703 to http://www.lacie.com/us/company/news/news.htm?id=10703

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title: Talk:LaCie


text:
Dave Meltzer

David Allen Meltzer (born October 24, 1959) is an American journalist who reports on professional wrestling and mixed martial arts. Since 1983, Meltzer has been the publisher and editor of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter (WON), a dirtsheet primarily addressing professional wrestling. He has also written for the Oakland Tribune, the Los Angeles Times, Yahoo! Sports, SI.com, and The National Sports Daily. He has extensively covered mixed martial arts since UFC 1 in 1993 and also covers the sport for SB Nation. He has been called "the most accomplished reporter in sports journalism" by Frank Deford of Sports Illustrated.

Early life
Meltzer was born in upstate New York to a Jewish family. He later moved with his family to San Jose, California.

Meltzer earned a journalism degree from San Jose State University and started out as a sportswriter for the Wichita Falls Times Record News and the Turlock Journal. He demonstrated an interest in professional wrestling and a journalistic approach to it early in life. Meltzer wrote several wrestling-related publications that predate WON, dating back to 1971. The most notable of these was the California Wrestling Report, ca. 1973–1974, which reported on the still-extant National Wrestling Alliance territories operating out of Los Angeles and San Francisco.

Wrestling Observer
The beginnings of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter date back to 1980, when Meltzer began an annual poll amongst those with whom he corresponded regarding professional wrestling. According to Meltzer, he was just a fan at first. A short time later, he began maintaining a tape-trading list, and would occasionally send match results and news updates along with tape updates. Meltzer stated that he wanted to keep his friends in college "in the loop" for his tape trading and the happenings in the business, as the mainstream wrestling magazines catered to a somewhat younger demographic.

PWInsider Dave Scherer has criticized Meltzer's work. After a collaboration between them during the 90s, Scherer pointed that he gave him first-hand information, but Meltzer published something different. Former WWE wrestler John Bradshaw Layfield also pointed that WWE gave Meltzer false information, which he published.

Star rating system and impact
Meltzer popularized the star rating system (devised by Jim Cornette and his childhood friend Norm M. "Weasel" Dooley),  which rates matches on a scale of zero to five stars (sometimes going into negative stars in the case of very bad matches) in a similar manner to that used by many movie critics. Meltzer has also given ratings that have exceeded five stars. The first 6 and 6.5 star matches took place in 1981 (as rated by Dooley, not Meltzer). The highest he has ever rated a match was seven stars, given to Kazuchika Okada and Kenny Omega for their match at Dominion 6.9 in Osaka-jo Hall in June 2018. Wrestlers such as Bret Hart have written how proud they were when their performances were praised in the WON. Others, such as Cornette himself, PWInsider's Dave Scherer and Seth Rollins have criticized Meltzer's system. John Cena pointed out that, while he respects the star system, he prefers his wrestling to be enjoyed by the most people possible, not just one person.

Awards and accomplishments

 * Cauliflower Alley Club
 * James Melby Historian Award (2017)
 * George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Jim Melby Award (2016)

title: Dave Meltzer


text:
Talk:2005 Ohio's 2nd congressional district special election

Untitled
Could something be mentioned about the nasty ads that are running in the primary? Im from a different state, but live in a TV market that gets these commercials. I do not know enough about Ohio politics to really elaborate. Youngamerican 17:17, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Rest assured, I'm getting to that. My first priority was to start articles on all the candidates. I have notes on the ads and campaign mailings that I intend to add. And there are articles from the Enquirer, Post, and Daily News to include. Alas, by the time I get this where I want it, the primary will be over. PedanticallySpeaking 13:49, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)

Good work, this should be nominated for featured article at some point. Youngamerican 19:00, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

On the night of this election, there were some delays in reporting from Schmidt's home county, where she pulled ahead in what was before that an razor thin race. This was purportedly due to "humidity" causing problems with the central-count ballot system. While the Hackett campaign decided not to press into an investigation, it did make local media (already a hot spot for articles on election irregularities,) and kept a lot of the political blogoshpere up into the wee hours. Speculation of course ran wild online, especially since the delayed precincts turned up more heavily weighted towards Schmidt than those in that same county which were reported earlier. It might be worth mentioning as a highlight of the election night. (Example of local media coverage: http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2005/1398 Example of election night blogosphere activity: http://www.mydd.com/story/2005/8/2/22186/93438) (71.195.130.159 05:39, 3 January 2006 (UTC))

Polling numbers
Are there any poll numbers we can add to the page? I was thinking some poll numbers like the ones I put on the page for the New York City mayoral election, 2005. --Blue387 18:53, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * No, there aren't. No public polls were run because of the unpredictability of a low-turnout special election, and because the election didn't have much visibility until the last couple weeks. There were internal polls, but those, of course, are unreleased. Aerion//talk 02:17, 11 August 2005 (UTC)


text: Category:Geography of Belize

title: Category:Geography of Belize


text:
Ricky Davis

Tyree Ricardo Davis (born September 23, 1979) is an American former professional basketball player who played twelve seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for University of Iowa.

Biography
Davis attended North High School in Davenport, Iowa. He was a four-year starter and the Davenport North team made the state tournament his junior and senior years but did not reach the championship. His father is Tyree Davis and Mother is Linda Davis, he had an older brother named Alonge who died on February 14, 2020, and he has a younger brother named Edward. Davis played one season at the University of Iowa before being selected by the Charlotte Hornets in the first round of the 1998 NBA draft, as the 21st pick overall.

Charlotte Hornets (1998–2000)
Davis played two seasons with the Charlotte Hornets, and became known for his high energy play and exciting poster dunks. Although he only played limited minutes, mostly off the bench, his high-flying play got him an invitation to the 2000 Slam Dunk competition, where he scored an 88 out of a possible 100 points, losing to champion Vince Carter. He was traded to the Miami Heat in a massive nine-player trade on August 1, 2000.

Miami Heat (2000–2001)
Davis injured his ankle and knee with the Heat and only played a total of seven games for them, and was eventually sent to the Cleveland Cavaliers in a three-team deal involving the Toronto Raptors a year later on October 26, 2001.

Cleveland Cavaliers (2001–2003)
Davis was re-signed to a six-year deal by the Cavaliers on August 21, 2002, but his time in Cleveland was marked by disputes with coach Paul Silas. He additionally received attention for stat padding in a home game against the Utah Jazz on March 16, 2003. With Cleveland leading 120–95 and less than 7 seconds remaining, Davis was one rebound short of his first career triple double, and he deliberately tossed an inbound pass off his own rim and caught it in attempt to receive credit for a rebound, but shots taken at one's own basket do not count as official field goal attempts. Jazz guard DeShawn Stevenson shoved Davis in response as Davis proceeded upcourt with the ball. Jazz coach Jerry Sloan said to reporters afterward, "I would have fouled him too. I would have knocked him on his ass." The Cavaliers initially said they would not punish Davis, saying the embarrassment was enough. However, in the face of a national outcry, the Cavaliers fined him an undisclosed amount for unsportsmanlike conduct, and the play led to Davis being nicknamed "Wrong Rim Ricky" in Cleveland.

Boston Celtics (2003–2006)
On December 15, 2003, Davis was traded along with Chris Mihm, Michael Stewart, and a second round draft pick to the Boston Celtics in exchange for Tony Battie, Eric Williams, and Kedrick Brown. With the Celtics, the 6 ft Davis played the position of shooting guard, as well as small forward on occasion. Boston was criticized for acquiring him via trade due to Davis's reputation of selfishness, but he became a more consistent player and a fan-favorite in the city.

Minnesota Timberwolves (2006–2007)
On January 26, 2006, Davis was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves with Mark Blount, Marcus Banks, Justin Reed, and two second round draft picks for Wally Szczerbiak, Michael Olowokandi, Dwayne Jones and a first round draft pick.

Return to Miami (2007–2008)
On October 24, 2007, Davis was again traded to the Miami Heat along with teammate Mark Blount in exchange for the Heat's Antoine Walker, Michael Doleac, Wayne Simien and a first-round draft pick. Davis was reunited with Pat Riley, and Riley admitted he made a mistake of trading Davis in the first place; "I made the mistake of trading him. He's a very talented kid. He was not a problem here. We just needed to move and get bigger players at that time. Over the last six years he has been very efficient."

Los Angeles Clippers (2008–2010)
On July 28, 2008, Davis signed a multi-year contract with the Los Angeles Clippers. He was waived by the Clippers on February 16, 2010, to make room for newly acquired guard Steve Blake and forward Travis Outlaw. He appeared in 36 games for the Clippers in the 2009/10 season.

Türk Telekom (2010)
On March 1, 2010, Davis signed a contract with the Turkish team Türk Telekom. It would be his first time playing outside the United States. He said about signing with Telekom: "It will be my first European experience. I never watched matches. I just entered myself, and Turk Telekom B.K. signed me."

Jiangsu Dragons (2010)
In October 2010, Davis signed a contract with the Jiangsu Dragons in China.

Chorale Roanne (2011)
In January 2011, Davis signed a contract with Chorale Roanne Basket in France.

Maine Red Claws (2011–2012)
On December 28, 2011, Davis was acquired by the Maine Red Claws of the NBA Development League. On January 21, 2012, he was waived by the Red Claws.

Piratas de Quebradillas (2012)
In 2012, Davis signed with the Piratas de Quebradillas of Puerto Rico.

Erie BayHawks (2013–2014)
In November 2013, Davis was acquired by the Erie BayHawks of the NBA D-League. On March 18, 2014, he was released by the BayHawks.

Community activism
Feed Your City Challenge, founded by Davis, gives groceries to people and toured many cities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Davis, currently lives in Pearland, Texas

title: Ricky Davis


text: Category:Student magazines

title: Category:Student magazines


text:
Adamant, Vermont

Adamant is a small, unincorporated community in the town of Calais in Washington County, Vermont, United States, in the central part of Vermont.

The village is situated on the town line between Calais to the north and East Montpelier to the south. There is no true boundary to define the village, and as such, there is great debate as to what constitutes residence. This is, however, purely theoretical as there is no legal, governmental, or commercial status associated with residence. The debate has given rise to the common aphorism that "Adamant is a state of mind".

The village was originally known as Sodom from its inception prior to the mid-19th century as a granite quarry-town.

Local lore tells the story of a preacher slamming his fist on the pulpit proclaiming, "I am adamant that we change the name of this town!" In 1905, residents petitioned the state legislature for a name change to "Adamant."

The quarries remained an active part of the Vermont granite industry well into the mid-20th century. The small, rural village has no paved roads or traffic lights.

The village center is the member-owned Adamant Co-op, a general store and post office located at the junction of Haggett, Quarry, Center and Sodom Pond Roads. Founded in 1935, it is the state's oldest co-operative.

Perhaps the village's most notable inclusion is the Adamant Music School, a summer-long piano and musicology school founded in 1942. Adamant is also home to the Quarryworks Theater, a community theater set on the grounds of Adamant's largest quarry.

Adamant was mentioned in the 2000 blockbuster movie What Lies Beneath starring Harrison Ford and Michelle Pfeiffer.

title: Adamant, Vermont


text:
User:Statistics~enwiki/VP

Archive of conversations started on Village pump (miscellaneous)

Comparative contributions to the Encyclopedia and to supernumerary namespaces
In light of the discussion here, it may be useful to review Snowspinner's contributions to Wikipedia.

Snowspinner's edits to article namespace, 1 January 2005 - 15 April 2005

Snowspinner's edits to all namespaces, 1 January 2005 - 15 April 2005

For comparison purposes, the contributions of Everyking, netoholic, John Gohde, and Snowspinner:

--Statistics compiled by rrcaballo AT yahoo.com

 * For further comparison, User:Jimbo Wales has made 94 edits since January 1st, exactly three of which were to the article space, and only one of which was not about the edit war on Autofellatio, making him the least valuable of all. But welcome back, |orthogonal. Snowspinner 06:28, May 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, and he basically runs the Foundation, doesn't he. Oh yeah. —Charles P. (Mirv) 17:06, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

If there is a point in any of this, it escapes me. One can make good contributions either in a talk page or an article; one can make bad contributions either in a talk page or an article. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:38, May 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * It is provides data about stalking, I think. Pcb21| Pete 08:57, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The point, I suppose, is either that Snowspinner does far more harm than good, since he contributes so little to the encyclopedia, or that he persecutes people who do a lot more good than he does. Everyking 14:21, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * That, and he's part of a whole class of non-editors who are not very interested in contributing to the encyclopedia. but are very interested in controlling and ordering around those who do. —Charles P. (Mirv) 17:02, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I have no experience with John Gohde, so I have no idea whether reverting large numbers of his edits is a service or a disservice to Wikipedia. I can certainly say, though, that I have seen "contributors" where reverting 90% of their edits would enhance Wikipedia. -- Jmabel | Talk 23:46, May 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * John Gohde seems to have been banned for a year, starting yesterday. I'll let everyone draw their own conclusions on what this means about his contributions, 'cos I don't know the details of his case. -- Eugene van der Pijll 00:45, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Snowspinner's edits: pages accounting for 1% or more of his total 424 edits to Wikipedia namespace, 1 January 2005 - 15 April 2005

Of Snowspinner's 424 edits to the Wikipedia namespace, 156, or 37%, were to an Arbitration page.
 * At least 31 of his edits to the Wikipedia namespace, or 7%, involved altering or removing edits made by John Gohde, or listing evidence against John Gohde.

Of his 230 edits to the Wikipedia_talk namespace 132, or 57% were to an Arbitration Talk page.
 * At least 19 of his edits to the Wikipedia_talk namespace, or 8%, were either direct responses to or disputation with John Gohde, or edits to a John Gohde Arbitration sub-page.

Of his 69 edits to User namespace, 3 were to John Godhe's own user page,
 * another 35 were to Snowspinner's sub-page of evidence against John Gohde, "User:Snowspinner/MNH_Evidence",
 * for a total of 38, or 55%, of his edits to the User namespace.

Of Snowspinner's 200 edits the User_talk namespace 19, or 10%, were to John Gohde's User_talk page.

 * what --Golbez 11:00, May 1, 2005 (UTC)

If a bunch of you have a problem with Snowspinner, start an RfC, so that he has a decent chance to reply. Frankly, this effort at prosecution by press release disgusts me, and probably should be considered a violation of the policy against personal attacks. -- Jmabel | Talk 23:54, May 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * These are merely summaries of what's available under "user contributions" for any user. Aggregating numbers is prosecution? Besides, as I understand the structure here, isn't Snowspinner Wikipedia's Public Prosecutor? If you'd like to discuss your concerns offline, please email me -- rrcaballo AT yahoo.com

What's your point? If you think something should be done, write an RfC, but the Village Pump is no place for your bellyaching. WP:ANI is at least slightly more on-topic for this discussion which is nothing but a large personal attack. RickK 66.60.159.190 17:49, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure why this is seen as a personal attack. It's just an attempt to study Wikipedia by analyzing patterns of edits. In all cases, I've endeavored to impartially show all edits, or to extract the most obvious aggregations ("top ten", "over 1%", etc.) of edits. Of course, being an outsider, I may have missed other patterns in the data. If so, I hope you'll point them out, either here, or, in confidence via email.

 * Nor am I singling out any one editor; Snowspinner is far from the only editor whose statistics I've analyzed. But when he was accused of stalking here, it seemed most fair to him and to all concerned to make available a portion of my work-in-progress, so that the discussion could reference real facts and figures rather than unsupported and overheated rhetoric. I'm not sure why this is being taken a "personal attack".

 * In any case, I'll think you'll find that my post of today (below) will alleviate your concerns about this being in any way an attack, but if it does not, please, please, let me know how you think I could better analyze these statistics, so that I can add your thoughts before publication of the final version.
 * -- rrcaballo AT yahoo.com

(history link)

Comparison of edits by Wikipedia Founder Jimbo Wales and editor Snowspinner
(I'm posting portions of my study here, on Wikipedia, in hopes of getting feedback from as many actual Wikipedia users as possible. Please help me to improve this analysis by adding your thoughts here, or by emailing me in confidence.)

Snowspinner has suggested that his pattern of contribution to Wikipedia is similar to that of Wikipedia founder Jimbo Wales's contributions.

In broad terms, Snowspinner is correct.

But when a detailed breakdown of contributions is examined, there are large dissimmilarites:

While both Snowspinner and Jimbo Wales make most of their edits to non-article namespaces, it's readily apparent that Wales spends most of his time (a full 65%) in User_talk, talking to other users; Snowspinner spends most of his time in Wikipedia, and most of that on Arbitration pages.

Also of note is the time spent discussing articles: while Wales makes few edits, he spends about over ten percent of his time in Article Talk discussing with other users what should be in articles; Snowspinner spends more time in the more contentious arenas of Deletion voting than in (possibly) non-adversarial Talk.

While Wales spends only a little more than one percent of his time in Wikipedia_talk, much of which involves discussion of policy, Snowspinner devotes over fifteen percent of his time to this.

(While Snowspinner spends, proportionally, twice the time in the User namespace as Wales, the difference isn't actually as great as it first appears, as it's primarily the result of Snowspinner compiling evidence, within his own user-subpages, for future Arbitration cases; this should be appreciated when looking at these numbers.)

Much of the proportional differences noted can no doubt be accounted for rather simply: Jimbo Wales and Snowspinner have very different roles on Wikipedia. Wales directs the Foundation, and as such plays a role of mediator, cajoler, conciliator and consensus-builder: he works primarily to build up Wikipedia, to iron out differences and to bring users together.

Snowspinner's role on Wikipedia is more adversarial, given that he works closely with the Arbitration Committee, at that Committee's request   in his role as "Public Prosecutor". (Snowspinner established what he calls the "District Attorney's Office", but as Wikipedia doesn't have districts, the title "Public Prosecutor" or "Attorney General" is perhaps more accurate.) To do that job, Snowspinner must necessarily spend his time seeking out evidence of wrong-doing, compiling evidence against wrong-doers, and bringing them to justice.

Snowspinner additionally contributes to Wikipedia as an enforcer of policy (e.g., 72 edits to Administrators' Noticeboard) and as to a lesser degree as a formulator of policy (44 edits in Wikipedia, 23 in Wikipeda_talk).

When the details are taken in account, then, Snowspinner's pattern of edits is only in a very superficial way similar to Jimbo Wales's. This reflects their very different roles on Wikipedia: Wales nurtures the Encyclopedia and the Foundation as a whole; while Snowspinner polices and prosecutes individual editors who get out of line, and formulates policy to keep them in line.

Of course, this is only a preliminary analysis of statistics by an outsider, and I'm sure it can be improved by experienced Wikipedia users. Please contribute your thoughts here, or in confidence to: -- rrcaballo AY yahoo.com

 * Why are you going through so much trouble to analyze Snowspinner's edit percentages? Yeah, I know that there's arbitration and all, but it seems rather irrelevant. How do his edit percentages even matter? Does his "role" in Wikipedia make a difference? Obviously no one has the same role as Jimbo.

 * - Pioneer-12 15:01, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

 * p.s. The analysis is impressively detailed, though. If you like doing this, perhaps you might be interested in doing horse racing analysis. You could win big money at the track if you could analyze horses as well as you do edits. It could be a profitable use of your skills.

 * As much as I'd like to take this opportunity to take a dig at Snowspinner, I can't. The first few times I read this, I let it pass. But I dislike to see bad precedent set.

 * Statistical analysis may demonstrate something of value -- when applied to groups. I don't see it is revealing to compare any two users. For that matter, I would hesitate to draw any conclusion from the edit ratios of the entire membership at a single point in time. What is the proper ratio of Userspace edits to Mainspace, of WPspace to either?

 * The proper domain of statistics is the aggregate and in the comparison of like to like. Often the nearest similar dataset is that which applied to the same project in the past -- thus, historical trend analysis. This automatically normalizes a lot of possibly misleading values.

 * I am nearly at the point of downloading the entire database and doing some real analysis on it, and you may be sure I will be slow to draw conclusions. For what it's worth, the *first* thing I intend is to throw out all user names in favor of internal system ID numbers. — Xiong 熊 talk * 04:20, 2005 May 13 (UTC)

(history link)

title: User:Statistics~enwiki/VP


text:
Michael Clancy

Michael John Clancy (31 March 1949 – 23 February 2010) was Chief Secretary from 1997 to 2000, and later Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Saint Helena and its Dependencies (Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha) from 2004 to 2007. He was educated at Lewis School, Pengam and Trinity College, Cambridge.

He was married to Claire Clancy who was the Chief Executive of the National Assembly for Wales between 2007 and 2017.

Death
Michael Clancy died from cancer at the age of 60.

title: Michael Clancy


text: Category:Rivers of Belize

title: Category:Rivers of Belize


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hellenic Empire

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect to Hellenism.  Grue  17:46, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hellenic Empire
As this article currently stands, it is a POV account of Byzantine Empire. While Google returns some examples of this phrase as an alternative name for the Byzantine Empire, the pages that use it are not in fluent English & fail to prove this term has any significant usage; further, other Google results include one to an Omega-Gear member (first hit) & a couple of others referring to different periods of ancient history, arguing that at best this should be converted to a disambiguation page. No articles link to it. -- llywrch 17:20, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmph, well I've just been reading a book about the archaelogical search for evidence for any truth behind the legend of the Trojan War, and in it it says the idea of Hellenism didn't emerge until the fifteenth century - before that, Greek monks habitually crossed themselves at Plato's name, that 'Hellenic Satan'. Hellenism meant pagan, you see. Of course, it never happened because the Turks took Constantinople in 1453, Athens in 1456 and Morea in 1460. Given that the Byzantines were actively hostile to Pagan Hellenism, then, this doesn't appear to be an appropriate term to use. Average Earthman 18:15, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

????? KEEP THIS ARTICLE! I am the original editor. I Have no idea what provoked you to consider this for deletion. " You reasoning suggests there is a anglo-centric nature of the internet, it is not my problem if you cant find a decent link. Despite this little upset I would like help in getting maps showing the Empire. Other than that this article should link to Ottoman, Roman, Byzantine, nad perhaps Late Byzantine.

The reason it was called Hellenic is because the Greeks felt that Hellenic was no longer a term for Pagan or atleast the roots of Paganism and Hellenism were lost. They felt proud to be still Hellenes and as such reverted in teh late 1200 to calling themselves as Greeks or Hellenes. There should be no argument about their CHristianity at this stage in history, afterall they stood alone in 1453 against the Wave of Ottoman Turks and the Islamic Flood that would take the rest of Europe. Its not included in any other topic because you deleted its occurance from said topic please do not do that.

Because the term is a historical term ie like Byzantine is a historical term it should not be expanded much because it is really the official Roman Empire. That is why there should be a links from Roman EMpire to this phrase Hellenic Empire 1204AD if we consider the 4th crusade as the point where it was only Greece and Anatolia making up the Roman Empire. However, I put it a few years ahead for several and many other reasons it is up to debate.

 * Please sign your comments in the future. Not only is this simple to do, it will also give your comments credibility. -- llywrch 22:54, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Seems to be redundant with Byzantium, and the name doesn't seem to be in widespread-enough usage to warrent a redirect. --Carnildo 21:38, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is a non-mainstream POV fork of the Byzantium article. Stbalbach 15:02, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I haven't voted yet, I just stated that I wasn't aware, from what I know of the history of that time, that what the West now calls the Byzantine Empire was calling itself anything other than the Roman Empire (and don't bother telling us that the west had called it the Greek Empire, that was because they wanted to appropriate the title of Roman Empire for themselves). A Google for "Hellenic Empire" in .edu sites suggest that Western historians are more likely to consider that means Alexander's (ie. most of the mere 16 hits). I'm not sure what provoked the question about Christianity, the book I had at hand seemed to suggest they were devoutly Christian, hence their distaste for the pagan past of the area. But put bluntly, if this term is almost never used in the English language in the sense used here, why should Wikipedia start, unless there is some documented evidence that the people genuinely did refer to themselves as a Hellenic Empire? Average Earthman 22:29, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I also haven't voted, but Hellenism refers to the period of around 232 BC - 50 BC, when Alexander the Great's empire disintegrated into the Ptolemies, Seleucids, Antiochans, and Macedonians. When I hear "Hellenic empire," I think immediately of redirect to hellenistic empire or Hellenism.  Otherwise, what we have is "Greek-speaking empire," which is not really definitie enough to discuss in political terms. Geogre 02:21, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * My college room-mate, a native Greek, alerted to the currency of this term in Greece. I'm sure a redirect is warranted, and a separate article may be, if a contributor can explain the special usage and meaning of the term to Hellenes. Xoloz 03:52, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Can you ask your roommate for some help with cites on this usage? I ask this not because I don't believe that this is the case, but I suspect this would be a useful POV to document. And because, unfortunately, all that the original author appears able to add to this is a repetition (with typos) that this is the only valid interpretation of the subject. -- llywrch 09:40, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, a search of "Hellenic Empire of Byzantium" returns 23 hits -- great, not very helpful, although at least these few are known to refer to the so-called Eastern Roman Empire. Sadly, college was several years ago, so the room-mate is not immediately available. What is important here is that the Greeks, who call themselves Hellenes today, label whatever Empires they can "Hellenic" as an expression of their patriotism.  I don't think they make the claim that Byzantium widely called itself "Hellenic," but it didn't widely call itself "Byzantine" either -- as suggested, the people thought of themselves as Rome of the East.  However, present-day Greeks do call Byzantium the Hellenic Empire (if our ranting contributor establishes anything, it is this), and might search for such here.  Until a native Greek (willing to sign his talk contributions) comes along with cites to expand "Hellenic Empire," I suggest a Disambigulation at Hellenic Empire that says that the term may refer to either the Empire of Alexander or the Empire of Byzantium.  Sound reasonable? Xoloz 11:28, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I completey agree Xoloz. The article as it stands doesn't really offer anything useful in its current form. It might even be worthwhile to put in a little note that 'Hellenic Empire' is what greeks refer to the late Byzantine Empire as. Masamax 22:42, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Either deletion or a disambiguation is with me. As for a usable explantion of the Greek POV on this topic, I guess we'll just add it to that long list of wanted topics. -- llywrch 00:16, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

As I mentioned it is an important time period different from Alexander the Greats "Hellenistic Empire". The Only place in former Greek lands in Europe that was not over-run by enemy forces was the location of Athens known as Hellas. During the ROman Empire this area of the Greek peninsula was called Hellas. In many historical accounts after the fourth crusade the term "Hellenes" starting to be used in reference to the area and to those last inhabitants of COnstantinople during the final siege 1453AD. The last emporer of the EMpire adressed his people as Greeks or Hellenes. So this is an important period in terms of cultural shift. So the term simply refers to either post fourth crusade  1204AD - 1453AD. Or it can also refer to when the empire simply consisted of Greece and Constantinople. It is a different period to the rest of Rome and should not really be included in the main topic of the Roman Empire even if it is infact the final stage or last existance of that empire.

 * Rewrite or Delete. As I understant, this is a correct name for the times in which the Byzantine Empire was composed of Greek-only lands, as in ca. 1400. Furthermore, it is a translation from the Greek of the way the Greeks called the Bizantine Empire. Since this is not a dictionary, but an enciclopedia, it shuld be deleted, or at least completely rewritten.--Panairjdde 10:58, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, useful explanation belonging on a separate page in an encyclopedia. Kappa 07:49, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Sysin 20:56, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Lord Lieutenant of Cromarty

This is a list of Lord Lieutenants of Cromartyshire, Scotland.

 * Robert Bruce Aeneas Macleod 5 May 1794 – 1833
 * Roderick Macleod 6 May 1833 – 13 March 1853
 * George Granville William Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland 2 April 1853 – 15 May 1891

The office was replaced by the Lord Lieutenant of Ross and Cromarty in 1891 through the operation of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889.

Deputy lieutenants
A deputy lieutenant of Cromarty is commissioned by the Lord Lieutenant of Cromarty. Deputy lieutenants support the work of the lord-lieutenant. There can be several deputy lieutenants at any time, depending on the population of the county. Their appointment does not terminate with the changing of the lord-lieutenant, but they usually retire at age 75.

19th Century

 * 20 April 1846: John Andrew Shaw Mackenzie
 * 20 April 1846: Roderick Mackenzie
 * 20 April 1846: Sir Alexander Matheson, 1st Baronet
 * 20 April 1846: Henry Mackenzie Fowler
 * 20 April 1846: Colin Lyon Mackenzie

title: Lord Lieutenant of Cromarty