text:
Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China

The Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China (abbr. 支聯會; ) was a pro-democracy organisation that was established on 21 May 1989 in the then British colony of Hong Kong during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre in Beijing. After the 4 June massacre, the organisation main goals were the rehabilitation of the democracy movement and the accountability for the massacre. The main activities the organisation held were the annual memorials and commemorations, of which the candlelight vigil in Victoria Park was the most attended, reported and discussed event each year. Due to its stance, the Central government in Beijing considers the organisation subversive.

Five members of the Alliance including vice chairwoman Chow Hang-tung were arrested on 8 and 9 September 2021, after it had rejected a request by police to cooperate in an investigation into it allegedly acting as an "agent of foreign forces", a crime under the Hong Kong national security law. Three leaders of the Alliance were arrested on other national security charges on 9 September, and its assets were frozen. The Alliance finally decided to dissolve on 25 September after all standing committee members were remanded in custody or jailed.

Five operational goals
The Alliance had five operational goals:
 * 1) 釋放民運人士 (Release the dissidents)
 * 2) 平反八九民運 (Rehabilitate the 1989 pro-democracy movement)
 * 3) 追究屠城責任 (Demand accountability of the 4 June massacre)
 * 4) 結束一黨專政 (End one-party dictatorship)
 * 5) 建設民主中國 (Build a democratic China)

Inception and early years
In 1989, the sudden death of the former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Hu Yaobang, widely considered a liberal figure within the party leadership, sparked a series of protests at Tiananmen Square. The Hong Kong Federation of Students (FHKS) visited the student protesters in Beijing and mobilised for the support of the Hong Kong society after they returned to Hong Kong. On 20 May 1989 after Premier Li Peng imposed the martial law, the Joint Committee on the Promotion of Democratic Government (JCPDG), an umbrella organisation of the local pro-democracy activists decided to hold a demonstration at the Victoria Park and marched to the headquarters of New China News Agency (NCNA). On 21 May during the No. 8 typhoon signal, more than a million people marched in the street in support of the Tiananmen protests. The Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China was founded during the march.

On 4 June 1989, the Beijing government deployed troops to suppress the demonstrations. After the massacre, delegates from more than 200 civil groups elected a 20-member Standing Committee headed by Szeto Wah and Martin Lee to hold the subsequent commemorations and actions. The Alliance helped the "Operation Yellowbird", providing shelters and financial assistance in helping smuggling leaders of the democracy movement out of China. The Alliance also set up a database of the democracy movement and published works related to the movement. It also maintained close relationship with the Tiananmen Mothers initiated by Ding Zilin, a group of family members of those who were killed in the massacre, which vocally supported the democracy movements in China. State-run People's Daily accused the Alliance of having intention to overthrow the Chinese government. Szeto and Lee, who were members of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee were unseated by Beijing after the duo resigned from the committee after the massacre.

Annual commemoration of the 1989 Tiananmen protests
The annual candlelight vigil at the Victoria Park among other activities has been the most iconic event organised by the Alliance, as it is the most attended consecutive commemoration of the 1989 protests. Tensions were high in 1996, which marked the seventh anniversary of the Tiananmen massacre. Residents were not sure whether or not the annual demonstration would continue after the upcoming 1997 sovereignty handover of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China. The eighth anniversary, in 1997, was just before the handover. People in the demonstration speculated that it might turn out to be the last vigil. In 1997, then Chief Executive-elect Tung Chee-hwa attempted to pressurise Szeto into not organizing the vigil, and Szeto refused to speak to Tung ever again after three such attempts.

As the protests were largely censored in mainland China, the Alliance was one of the main sources of both the mainland and the local people to learn about the event. On the 20th anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, the Alliance recorded a dramatic increase in number of the attendees of the vigil, which was largely due to attendees from the young generation. A year before the Alliance also organised events and protests in support of the Charter 08 movement launched by mainland democracy activists such as Liu Xiaobo. After Szeto Wah, the Alliance's founding chairman died in 2011, the chairmanship was occupied by Lee Cheuk-yan. In 2014, the Alliance opened the 4 June Museum, the world's first memorial museum for the Tiananmen protests. In 2014, Albert Ho took over from Lee as the Alliance chairman until 2019, when the post was again taken up by Lee.

The number of attendees kept at a high level until in recent years the emergence of the localist movement challenged the meaning of commemorating the Tiananmen protests, as some young localists perceived themselves as non-Chinese and disagreed with one of the goals of the Alliance, "build a democratic China". Such a view was held by localist scholar Chin Wan, who believed that the Chinese nationalistic sentiment and patriotism the Alliance projected was an obstacle for Hong Kong people to construct a distinct identity. Some other criticisms included the overlapping membership of the Alliance and the Democratic Party, the ritualisation of the vigil and the ineffectiveness of the Alliance of achieving any of its operational goals. Since 2013 as the Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict intensified, the number of the attendees to the vigil gradually dropped. From 2015 to 16, the number the Alliance recorded dropped from 180,000 to 135,000.

Timeline
Increased pressure by Hong Kong authorities, believed by observers to have been prompted by the Chinese government, had caused several pro-democracy organizations and civic groups to disband by August 2021. News of a special meeting of the Alliance on 23 August, which reportedly suggested dissolution, was seen by observers as another sign of this pressure. There were reports that the Alliance had been forewarned about legal action, should it not resolve of its own accord by the end of August. A senior superintendent of the national security department of the Hong Kong Police Force told a Hong Kong court in August 2022 that he had begun investigating the Alliance at the beginning of 2021. In April 2021, convenor Lee Cheuk-yan was convicted, along with six other pro-democracy advocates, for his role in a rally that took place on 18 August 2019. He was sentenced to 14 months in jail for his role in this and another August 2019 rally. Fellow standing committee member, Albert Ho, was given a 12-month suspended sentence.

On the 32nd anniversary of the protests in June 2021, the vice chairwoman of the Alliance was arrested by Hong Kong Police. Chow Hang-tung was charged with promoting unauthorised assembly. She was thrust into the limelight in 2021 because Lee and Ho were both in prison. Although she was released on 5June on bail, Chow was arrested again on 30 June and this time bail was refused. It was finally granted on 5 August.

In July 2021, the Alliance announced that it was dismissing all its permanent staff with effect from the end of the month to "ensure their safety"; seven members of its steering committee had resigned in view of "growing political and legal risks."

On 27 July, the Alliance pleaded guilty on charges of having run its museum without a proper licence and paid an amount of HK$8000 (US$1,025) as a fine. The charge had been brought by the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department.

On 4 August, the Alliance launched an online museum to replace the physical one, which had remained closed. The Alliance stated that the move to a website, run by an independent team, had been necessary due to "drastic changes" to Hong Kong's political environment and "intensified political repression".

On 23 August, the standing committee of the Alliance held a special meeting. Vice chairwoman Chow did not confirm that the outcome was a recommendation to dissolve the Alliance, pointing to the annual general meeting as the occasion where all decisions would be taken. On 25 August, police served a letter in which it accused the Alliance of collusion with foreign forces, a crime under the Hong Kong national security law. The letter asked about the connections of the Alliance with foreign organizations including the National Endowment for Democracy, as well as the exchanges of the Alliance with Mark Simon, a close ally of jailed media mogul Jimmy Lai. In an open letter on 7 September the Alliance rejected the police request, saying that the charge of being a "foreign agent" had not been explained, and that it considered the letter itself to have "no legal basis".

On 8 September, police arrested Chow and three other committee members and on 9 September, a further committee member, over refusing a police data request made under the national security law. Also on 9 September, police froze HK$2.2 million worth of assets of the Alliance, charged its leaders Chow, Ho and Lee as well as the Alliance with "incitement to subversion", and raided the premises of the Alliance.

On 10 September, the court rejected the bail application of Chow; Ho and Lee had not lodged one. The court also rejected a request for a public bail hearing. The same day, bail was denied to the five defendants in the national security data probe, with bail reporting restrictions however being lifted. All defendants pleaded not guilty. On 16 September, the Alliance published a statement saying that, following a police request from 10 September, it would delete its website and social media accounts that day, and publish information on a new platform.

On 20 September, the Alliance disclosed identical, typed letters by Ho and Lee which recommended the dissolution of the organization at the special meeting scheduled for 25 September. On 24 September, Chow voiced opposition to the Alliance proactively disbanding, saying that this would be "severing any possibility of continuing to resist in the name of the Alliance", and that Lee and Ho "might have other considerations that cannot be stated [in their letters]". At the 25 September meeting, the Alliance decided to disband, with 41 members voting in favour and four against. Afterwards, Company Secretary of the Alliance Richard Tsoi told the press that he believed that "Hong Kong people, no matter in [an] individual capacity or other capacities, will continue commemorating June 4th as before." The assets of the Alliance, including the shuttered museum, were frozen by police on 29 September. The same day, an online archive of the museum became unavailable via the main internet providers in the city.

On 22 October, the five Alliance members who were arrested on 8 and 9 September over the data refusal were granted bail. Chow and Simon Leung unsuccessfully attempted to refuse bail because its conditions included speech restrictions. Chow remained in custody for her other national security charge.

On 26 October, before liquidation procedures were completed, the Hong Kong Government struck the Alliance from the Companies Registry through an order from Chief Executive Carrie Lam. A government statement called the operation of the Alliance as amounting to subversion. The step had been foreshadowed by Security Secretary Chris Tang in a letter to the Alliance on 10 September. One of the liquidators called the order "premature and unnecessary".

In December 2021 and May 2022, Leung and another Alliance member, Chan To-wai, respectively pleaded guilty to the data refusal and were each sentenced to three months in jail. Two weeks before the trial of the same case was to begin on 13 July 2022, Chow, representing herself, unsuccessfully sought to obtain details of the prosecution's case on the grounds that it would be "impossible" to prepare her case without it. On 29 August 2022, it transpired in court that the Hong Kong Alliance was accused of having received 20,000 Hong Kong dollars from an otherwise unnamed "Organisation 4", which prosecution said was an "international political organization", among whose guiding principles was "to end one party ruling, and to rebuild a democratic China".

On 11 March 2023, Chow, Tang Ngok-kwan, and Tsui Hon-kwong were sentenced to 4.5months in prison each over the data refusal. After the sentencing, the three were granted bail pending their appeal, on the condition of not accepting interviews or giving speeches endangering national security. Chow rejected bail "on grounds of freedom of expression". In the appeal hearing in December 2023, the three defendants argued that the Alliance was not a foreign agent as alleged by police, and had thus not been required to provide the requested data. The appeal was rejected in March 2024. An application for a certificate to appeal that verdict in the High Court was rejected on 17 April 2024.

Reactions
The arrests on 9 September 2021 met with strong criticism by United States Foreign Secretary Antony Blinken, who on Twitter said the action "constitute[d] a blatant abuse of the law". A representative of the Hong Kong Liaison Office expressed its support for the police operation, stating that the Alliance had been "smearing the police". An editorial in the state-owned Global Times accused Blinken and his British counterpart Dominic Raab of "useless wailing for Hong Kong Alliance".

The sentencing of Chow, Tang, and Tsui on 11 March 2023 was condemned by the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union, with spokesperson Nabila Massrali saying on Twitter on that day that it was "another example of the authorities abusing legislation to suppress fundamental freedoms". The following day, a spokesperson of the Commissioner's Office of the Chinese Foreign Ministry in Hong Kong "strongly rejected" the remarks by Massrali, calling them "irresponsible", and said that they "vilified the judicial justice" in Hong Kong. The same day, the Hong Kong government released a statement which also likewise strongly rejected the criticism by Massrali.

List of chairmen

 * 1) Szeto Wah, 1989–2011
 * 2) Lee Cheuk-yan, 2011–2014, 2019–2021
 * 3) Albert Ho, 2014–2019


text:
Dopey

Dopey may refer to:
 * Dopey (Disney), a character in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and related media
 * "Dopey" (Land of the Lost), an episode of Land of the Lost
 * Dopey (podcast), a podcast about drug addiction
 * "Dopey" Benny Fein, a gang leader in the Labor Slugger Wars in New York City in the early 20th century

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dopey


text:
Yuhang, Hangzhou

Yuhang is one of ten urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province, East China. Its 2013 population was estimated at 1.17 million. Its inhabitants speak both Mandarin and a variety of Hangzhounese, a Wu dialect.

On April 9, 2021, Linping District was established, consisting of the former Yuhang subdistricts of Linping, Donghu, Nanyuan, Xingqiao, Yunhe, Qiaosi, Chongxian and the Town of Tangxi.

Yuhang is the largest district of Hangzhou. The administration center of Yuhang District is Linping, which is a subcenter of Hangzhou located in the northeast side of downtown area. It connects with the downtown via Metro Line 1.

History
The district contains the remains of Neolithic settlements from the Liangzhu period.

Prior to the expansion of modern Hangzhou, Yuhang formed a separate city. It is the earliest settlement recorded in the area of present-day Hangzhou. Chinese scholars traditionally interpreted its name as a mistake for "Yu's Ferry", after the legendary account of Yu the Great's gathering of his lords at Mount Kuaiji around 2000 BC. This is now thought to be a folk etymology and Yuhang (Old Chinese: *La-gang) is almost certainly an ancient transliteration of an old Baiyue name.

Yuhang was part of Kuaiji Commandery prior to the growth of Hangzhou following the 7th-century construction of the Sui's Grand Canal. It was then administered from Hangzhou.

Administrative divisions
Subdistricts:
 * Renhe Subdistrict (仁和街道), Liangzhu Subdistrict (良渚街道), Wuchang Subdistrict (五常街道), Yuhang Subdistrict (余杭街道), Xianlin Subdistrict (闲林街道), Cangqian Subdistrict (仓前街道), Zhongtai Subdistrict (中泰街道)

Towns:
 * Pingyao (瓶窑镇), Jingshan (径山镇), Luniao (鸬鸟镇), Huanghu (黄湖镇), Baizhang (百丈镇)

Features
The famous tourist attractions here include Liangzhu Culture Museum, Jingshan Tea and Buddhist Monastery, Tangxi Ancient Town, The Grand Canal, Chaoshan Scenic Area, Tianducheng Resorts and Xixi National Wetland Park.

title: Yuhang, Hangzhou


text:
Prestonville, North Carolina

Prestonville is an unincorporated community in Stokes County, North Carolina, United States, approximately five miles northeast of county seat Danbury, at the junction of State Highways 704 and 772. Nearby communities include Dillard, Sandy Ridge, Stoneville, and Danbury.

title: Prestonville, North Carolina


text:
Talk:The Real Janelle

Fair use rationale for Image:BratmobileTheRealJanelleEP.jpg
Image:BratmobileTheRealJanelleEP.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 17:50, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Real Janelle


text: User talk:70.20.36.70

title: User talk:70.20.36.70


text:
Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference

The Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference (MASCAC) is an intercollegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division III. Full member institutions are all located in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts with some affiliate members also located in Connecticut and New Hampshire.

All full members are a part of the Massachusetts State Universities system (every member in the Massachusetts State Universities system except the Massachusetts College of Art and Design (MassArt) is also a MASCAC member) and the public associate members are part of the University of Massachusetts System [UMASS System (UMASS Dartmouth)], the University System of New Hampshire (Plymouth State University), and the Connecticut State University System (Western Connecticut State University) respectively. The rest of the associate members are private colleges.

On October 5, 2023, it was announced that in the 2025–26 school year, Anna Maria College in Paxton, Massachusetts will become the first private full member in the 53 year history of the MASCAC and the first new full member since 1974.

Chronological timeline

 * 1971 – In June 1971, the Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference (MASCAC) was founded. Charter members included Boston State College, Bridgewater State College (now Bridgewater State University), Fitchburg State College (now Fitchburg State University), Framingham State College (now Framingham State University), Lowell State College, North Adams State College (now the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts [MCLA]), Salem State College (now Salem State University), Westfield State College (now Westfield State University) and Worcester State College (now Worcester State University), beginning the 1971–72 academic year.
 * 1974 – The Massachusetts Maritime Academy (Mass Maritime) joined the MASCAC in the 1974–75 academic year.
 * 1975 – Lowell State College left the MASCAC when it was merged into Lowell Technological Institute to become the University of Lowell (now the University of Massachusetts–Lowell [UMass Lowell]) after the 1974–75 academic year.
 * 1982 – Boston State College left the MASCAC when it was merged into the University of Massachusetts–Boston (UMass Boston) after the 1981–82 academic year.
 * 2009 – The University of Massachusetts–Dartmouth (UMass Dartmouth) and Plymouth State University joined the MASCAC as associate members for men's ice hockey in the 2009–10 academic year.
 * 2013 – The MASCAC began sponsoring football in the 2013 fall season (2013–14 academic year) after the New England Football Conference (NEFC) dissolved; with Western Connecticut State University (alongside UMass Dartmouth and Plymouth State) joining as MASCAC as associate members for the sport.
 * 2019 – Dean College, Eastern Nazarene College, Elms College, Mitchell College and Springfield College joined the MASCAC as associate members for men's golf in the 2020 spring season (2019–20 academic year). This marks the first time that the MASCAC added private institutions under the MASCAC banner for any sport.
 * 2020 – Dean left the MASCAC as an associate member for men's golf after the 2020 spring season (2019–20 academic year).
 * 2021 – New England College joined the MASCAC as an associate member for men's golf in the 2022 spring season (2021–22 academic year).
 * 2022 – MCLA announced they would reinstate men's ice hockey for the first time since 2002–03 and add women's ice hockey for the 2023–24 academic year.
 * 2023 –
 * Anna Maria College and Rivier University joined the MASCAC as associate members for men's ice hockey and provisional women's ice hockey members beginning in the 2024 fall season (2024–25 academic year).
 * Anna Maria College joined the MASCAC as a full member beginning in the 2025 fall season (2025-26 academic) as the first full private school member in conference history and the first new full member since Massachusetts Maritime in 1974.
 * Dean College joined the MASCAC as an associate member for football beginning in the 2025 fall season (2025–26 academic year).
 * Vermont State University at Castleton joined the MASCAC as an associate member for football beginning in the 2024 fall season (2024–25 academic year).
 * 2024 – Plymouth State, UMass Dartmouth, VSU Castleton, and Western Connecticut State will all leave the MASCAC for football after the 2024 fall season (2024–25 academic year).

Current members
The MASCAC currently has eight full members, all are public schools:

 * Notes:

Associate members
The MASCAC currently has eight associate members, all but three are private schools:

Notes: schools in red are removing their ice hockey teams in 2025.

Future associate members
The MASCAC will have three future associate members, one of which will be a public school: two of which will be privates

 * Notes:

Former members
The MASCAC had two former full members, both were public schools:

 * Notes:

Former associate members
The MASCAC had one former associate member, which was also a private school:

Sports
The MASCAC sponsors intercollegiate athletic competition in men's baseball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, women's field hockey, men's ice hockey, men's golf, men's and women's soccer, women's softball, men's and women's track and field, and women's volleyball.

The MASCAC sponsored football for the first time in 2013. Conference members Bridgewater State, Fitchburg State, Framingham State, Massachusetts Maritime, Westfield State, and Worcester State departed the New England Football Conference (NEFC) (now Commonwealth Coast Football) after the 2012 season. They were joined later by fellow NEFC opponents Plymouth State, UMass–Dartmouth, and Western Connecticut State. The NEFC retained the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division III playoffs.

On August 22, 2019, the MASCAC invited 5 of the recently dropped men's golf members from the New England Collegiate Conference (NECC) which includes Dean College, Eastern Nazarene College, Elms College, Mitchell College, and Springfield College; all of them are private colleges which is the first time that the MASCAC awarded membership to private colleges. The 5 private colleges joined the other men's golf sponsoring MASCAC schools from the NECC which includes MCLA, Salem State, Westfield State, and Worcester State to create a 9-team men's golf league. However Dean College men's golf left the MASCAC after the 2019-20 men's golf season to join their primary conference the Great Northeast Athletic Conference (GNAC) in men's golf. The MASCAC started Automatic Qualification (AQ) to the NCAA Division III Men's Golf Championships in the 2021–2022 season for the MASCAC men's golf tournament winner.

Men's sports

 * Notes:

Women's sports

 * Notes:

Football
For the current season, see 2023 Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference football season.

All-time school records (ranked according to winning percentage)
Through end of the 2022 regular season. Records reflect official NCAA results, including any forfeits or win vacating.

Intra-conference football rivalries
The members of the MASCAC have longstanding rivalries with each other, especially on the football field. The following is a list of active rivalries in the MASCAC with totals & records through the completion of the 2022 season.


text:
Talk:Sinop, Turkey

57
Arkadaşlarım: what is the special import of this number for Sinop? Please tell me it is something more significant than license plates. Aramgar (talk) 05:29, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Sinop tourist sites
I was in the military in the early 1980's and we were situated on the top of a large hill. there was a road that lead out to the edge of a cliff, and in the Black sea was a large rock, I recall that a local told me that it was the Rock that the Cyclops threw at Sindbad during his escape. also located nearby are the Cyclops cave.75.178.34.189 (talk) 15:22, 23 October 2009 (UTC) Field Station Sinop, 1981-1982

Population
The first phrase of the article is strange and furthermore population is quoted as 36,734 and in the table say: City 202,740,  Urban  107,275.--79.145.172.65 (talk) 19:42, 2 October 2011 (UTC)

Twin towns
MOS:FLAG applies to the flag icons on this page. To wit: Use of flags for non-sovereign states and nations: In general, if a flag is felt to be necessary, it should be that of the sovereign state (e.g. the United States of America or Canada) not of a subnational entity, even if that entity is sometimes considered a "nation" or "country" in its own right. Owain (talk) 16:18, 15 January 2013 (UTC)

Requested move 26 November 2014

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: no consensus to move the page, per the discussion below; no consensus that this article is the primary topic of "Sinop". Dekimasu よ! 06:36, 2 December 2014 (UTC)

Sinop, Turkey → Sinop – There is/are no other city(ies) called anywhere. –    kazekagetr  13:31, 26 November 2014 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). Anthony Appleyard (talk) 22:25, 26 November 2014 (UTC)

 * The dab page lists a Sinop in Brazil... 213.7.56.181 (talk) 14:18, 26 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Sinope is a disambig page and is the Greek name of Sinop. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 22:29, 26 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose per the aboves. Also Sinop University, Sinop Airport, Sinop Airport (Brazil), Sinop Nuclear Power Plant, Sinop (electoral district), Sinop Fortress Prison/Sinop Fortress, Sinop (ship), Russian ship of the line Sinop, Russian battleship Sinop, Roman Catholic Diocese of Sinop -- 67.70.35.44 (talk) 07:53, 27 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Most of these don't conflict. I don't know what Sinope has to do with it either. 213.7.56.181 (talk) 12:05, 27 November 2014 (UTC)
 * If they are disambiguated titles, and most of them are disambiguated then they directly conflict. The diocese and both Russian ships use Wikipedia names, which are naturalistic disambiguation styles, and they are both just "Sinop". In any case Sinop is not a redirect, it is a page, so the nom can't delete that by proposing to move this article on top of that. They'd have to nominate it for deletion. -- 67.70.35.44 (talk) 06:22, 28 November 2014 (UTC)
 * It is assumed that the dab page would be moved to Sinop (disambiguation). Why would they wanna have it deleted? 213.7.56.181 (talk) 11:57, 28 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Nothing is assumed. At the time of the move nomination the dab page was short enough to collapse into a large hatnote. -- 67.70.35.44 (talk) 05:26, 29 November 2014 (UTC)
 * The default action would be to move it out of the way. Deletion of the dab page is a separate matter. 213.7.22.7 (talk) 11:19, 29 November 2014 (UTC)
 * So you are saying that we should use Berlin, Germany instead of Berlin per Berlin University, Berlin Airport etc.? Are you allright?   kazekagetr  12:52, 27 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Right, but are you going to amend your reasoning for the move? There's another Sinop. 213.7.56.181 (talk) 13:52, 27 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Support if for no other reason than the current title is difficult. Other Sinop articles can also be defined as Sinop, Turkey and there is zero disambiguation from other Sinops.  There may be clarification from other geographical regions of the world but, with  bird related articles such as Narragansett Turkey about and a move to natural disambiguation for articles in category:Turkey breeds, there is not much disambiguation here.   kazekagetr  what do you think of Sinop (Turkish city)?  I know that you are from Turkey (as you know from ISIL matters I always think that local opinions should be taken as being of most importance).  What's better, Sinop or Sinop (Turkish city)? Gregkaye  ✍ ♪  15:09, 27 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Gregkaye well mate just Sinop looks much better. I applied for that anyway :D   kazekagetr  15:29, 27 November 2014 (UTC)
 * My understanding is that you'd need to demonstrate that it's unambiguously the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC if we're gonna move it to "Sinop". There is another city called (written as) Sinop. 213.7.56.181 (talk) 16:15, 27 November 2014 (UTC)
 * "Sinop (Turkish city)" is against convention -- please see WP:PLACE. 213.7.56.181 (talk) 16:15, 27 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Support - the best article name for this city. Subtropical -man   talk   (en-2)   13:47, 29 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose It cannot be a question about what different editors feel "is the best name", "looks best" or similar. It has to be decided from WP rules, in this case probably WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. As long as there is another Sinop with approx. three times the population of Sinop, Turkey, I cannot see this Sinop as primary. The nominator's claim "There is/are no other city(ies) called anywhere" is simply wrong. --T*U (talk) 10:37, 30 November 2014 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

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title: Talk:Sinop, Turkey


text:
Tarzan, the Ape Man (1981 film)

Tarzan, the Ape Man is a 1981 American adventure film directed by John Derek and starring Bo Derek, Miles O'Keeffe, Richard Harris, and John Phillip Law. The screenplay by Tom Rowe and Gary Goddard is loosely based on the 1912 novel Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs, but from the point of view of Jane Parker.

The original music score is composed by Perry Botkin Jr. Former Tarzan actor Jock Mahoney (billed as Jack O'Mahoney) was the film's stunt coordinator. The film is marketed with the tagline "Unlike any other 'Tarzan' you've ever seen!" The original actor cast in the Tarzan role was fired (or quit) early in production, resulting in the sudden casting of his stunt double, Miles O'Keeffe, in the title role. The film was panned by critics and fans of the books for its storyline, acting and R-rating, and in some circles has been considered to be one of the worst films ever made. Despite this, it was a box-office success, grossing $36.5 against a $6.5 million budget.

Plot
James Parker is a big game hunter in Africa, searching for a place in the jungle where elephants allegedly go to die, wanting to retrieve its ivory. For this, he abandoned his wife and daughter, when the latter was but a child. After her mother's death, Jane, James's estranged daughter, decides to visit him and eventually joins the expedition. During their travels, Jane learns of legends about the "white ape" Tarzan, a supposedly giant man whom James's party is afraid of. One night, they even hear his loud yells in the distance. Tarzan, however, is actually an uncivilized white man raised by apes living in the African jungle. After he has a brief encounter with Jane, some of the people within James's party start disappearing, captured by a local tribe. Blaming Tarzan for these kidnappings and fearing he is after Jane, James starts pursuing Tarzan with the purpose of killing him.

Realizing that James is on his trail, Tarzan manages to kidnap Jane without getting caught. Over time, Jane and Tarzan become fascinated by each other. Helped by Tarzan, Jane eventually returns to his father. However, when James sees her approach with Tarzan to his party, he misinterprets the situation, thinking that Jane is running away form her kidnapper. Despite Jane's attempts to clarify the situation, her father starts shooting at Tarzan, who runs away. Soon after, James's group is kidnapped by the natives, who intend to make Jane the wife of the tribe leader, the Ivory King. A monkey witnesses this and runs to Tarzan, who understands the animal and springs into action. Meanwhile, the natives remove Jane's clothes and tie her up. They wash her naked body in plain view, laughing at her shocked, humiliated protests and then smear her with white paint. James tries to protect Jane from the Ivory King, who beats him up and stabs him with a severed ivory tusk. Tarzan arrives, kills the Ivory King in single combat by breaking his neck, and rescues Jane.

Jane says one last goodbye to his father before he succumbs to his injuries. Tarzan and Jane later become a couple, and interact with the local animals peacefully.

Cast

 * Bo Derek as Jane Parker, James' daughter and Tarzan's lover.
 * Richard Harris as James Parker, Jane's father.
 * John Phillip Law as Harry Holt
 * Miles O'Keeffe as Tarzan, Jane's lover.
 * Steven Strong as Ivory King, the tribe leader.
 * Maxime Philoe as Riano
 * Leonard Bailey as Feathers
 * C.J. the Orangutan as Orangutan

Production
Bo Derek was extremely popular at the time due to her appearance in 10. After making A Change of Seasons, she was meant to appear in High Road to China but pulled out of the film saying she wanted to be directed only by her husband John.

In February 1980, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer announced the studio was making a Tarzan film with the Dereks. Warner Bros. complained, as that studio was also developing a Tarzan film with Robert Towne called Greystoke and they had the rights to the character from the Burroughs estate. MGM argued the Derek film would be the second remake of their 1932 film Tarzan the Ape Man which they had the right to do, having released the first remake in 1959. The Burroughs estate sued MGM.

Development
In a 2012 interview with the film history magazine Filmfax, co-writer Gary Goddard revealed that he had originally been commissioned to write a screenplay for Bo Derek based upon the Marvel Comics superheroine, Dazzler; a 30-page treatment was completed before the project was canceled and work instead proceeded on Tarzan, The Ape Man which initially carried the working title Me, Jane reflecting its focus on Jane Porter as a showcase for Derek.

Goddard, who became better known for his work in theme parks, said he wrote the script in two weeks.

Shooting
Filming took place in Sri Lanka in February 1981.

The original Tarzan was Lee Canalito. He injured his knee in 1980 meaning he was reliant on his stuntman. His stuntman had to undergo an emergency appendectomy when filming started. This resulted in Canalito being replaced by Miles O'Keeffe. However, there was another version which says that Lee Canalito was replaced by Miles O'Keefe because Bo Derek said that "Lee was too fat. There was too much jiggling on him when we saw the first rushes".

Richard Harris enjoyed working with the Dereks; Bo had played a supporting role in his movie Orca, four years prior to Tarzan.

Reception
The film was widely panned upon its release. Film critic and historian Leonard Maltin considers Tarzan, the Ape Man one of the worst films ever; in his popular Leonard Maltin's TV Movies and Video Guide, he wrote: "Deranged 'remake' lacks action, humor and charm...Forget about comparisons to Johnny Weissmuller; O'Keefe makes Elmo Lincoln seem like Edwin Booth...Should you feel an earthquake while watching this picture, chances are it's Edgar Rice Burroughs reeling in his grave." Leslie Halliwell described Tarzan, the Ape Man as "certainly the worst of the Tarzan movies and possibly the most banal film so far made; even the animals give poor performances." In a discussion of Tarzan films, Thomas S. Hischak was also negative: "Produced and directed without a shred of talent by John Derek, Tarzan, the Ape Man often ranks high in the lists of the worst movies ever made."

The sexual innuendos provoked laughter and the Hollywood trade publication The Hollywood Reporter called the film "ludicrous" with "stilted dialogue and ridiculous situations" and labeled the final scene, in which Jane and an orangutan are involved in what "looks like sexual foreplay" as "almost pornographic." The scene was subject to much argument and controversy. The heirs to Tarzan author Edgar Rice Burroughs sued John Derek's Svengali Productions and distributor MGM, and a judge ordered the four-minute-long final scene to be cut to less than one minute.

Critic Roger Ebert offered a somewhat more positive review of Tarzan, the Ape Man, awarding it two and a half stars out of a possible four. According to Ebert, the film was "completely ridiculous, but at the same time it has a certain disarming charm." Ebert thought Harris's talents were completely wasted and the film's dramatic peak was "incomprehensible," yet he praised the forthright depiction of the sexual passion and tension between Tarzan and Jane, which had more typically been downplayed in film adaptations of the characters: "The Tarzan-Jane scenes strike a blow for noble savages, for innocent lust, for animal magnetism, and, indeed, for soft-core porn, which is ever so much sexier than the hard-core variety."

Reviewing Tarzan, the Ape Man retrospectively for The Encyclopedia of Fantasy, John Grant commented that the film "is widely regarded as the direst of the Tarzan movies, but it has enough good bits (including some spectacular photography and moments of exquisite wrongness) that, if cut by about 40 minutes, it would be highly regarded. As it is, it leaves a nasty taste: its intention seems to be to appeal to those who find eroticism in the sexual humiliation of women." On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an aggregate score of 10% based on two positive and 19 negative critic reviews.

Box office
Despite its negative reviews, the film was a success at the box office. During its opening weekend, it was the highest-grossing film in the U.S. with receipts of $6,700,809. It grossed a total of $36,565,280 in the United States and Canada.

DVD
Tarzan, the Ape Man was released to DVD by Warner Home Video on June 8, 2004, as a Region 1 widescreen DVD.

In popular media
The Japanese manga series JoJo's Bizarre Adventure references this movie in chapter 265, the final chapter of the manga's third part, Stardust Crusaders. Jōtarō Kūjō tests his grandfather Joseph Joestar with trivia questions, including "Who's the female lead in the 1981 film, Tarzan, the Ape Man?", which Joseph correctly answers with "Bo Derek". This scene is also featured in the last episode of the second season of the manga's 2012 anime adaptation.

Cancelled sequel
Gary Goddard said he was going to write more films for the Dereks including one called Pirate Annie. However, financing for Annie was withdrawn when the studio, CBS, read the script and were unhappy with what they considered too small a role for Bo Derek.

title: Tarzan, the Ape Man (1981 film)


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Stock (firearms)

A gunstock or often simply stock, the back portion of which is also known as a shoulder stock, a buttstock, or simply a butt, is a part of a long gun that provides structural support, to which the barrel, action, and firing mechanism are attached. The stock also provides a means for the shooter to firmly brace the gun and easily aim with stability by being held against the user's shoulder when shooting the gun, and helps to counter muzzle rise by transmitting recoil straight into the shooter's body.

The tiller of a crossbow is functionally the equivalent of the stock on a gun.

History and etymology
The term stock in reference to firearms dates to 1571 is derived from the Germanic word Stock, meaning tree trunk, referring to the wooden nature of the gunstock.

Early hand cannons used a simple stick fitted into a socket in the breech end to provide a handle. The modern gunstock shape began to evolve with the introduction of the arquebus, a matchlock with a longer barrel and an actual lock mechanism, unlike the hand-applied match of the hand cannon. Firing a hand cannon requires careful application of the match while simultaneously aiming; the use of a matchlock handles the application of the slow match, freeing up a hand for support. With both hands available to aim, the arquebus could be braced with the shoulder, giving rise to the basic gunstock shape that has survived for over 500 years. This greatly improved the accuracy of the arquebus, to a level that would not be surpassed until the advent of rifled barrels.

Ironically, the stocks of muskets introduced during the European colonization of the Americas were repurposed as hand-to-hand war clubs by Native Americans and First Nations when fragile accessories were damaged or scarce ammunition exhausted. Techniques for gunstock hand weapons are being revived by martial arts such as Okichitaw.

Anatomy of a gunstock
A gunstock is broadly divided into two parts (see above), with the boundary roughly at where the trigger is. The rear portion is the butt (1), and front portion is the fore-end (2). The fore-end (or forestock, forearm) affixes and supports the receiver, and relays the recoil impulse from the barrel via a recoil lug. The butt (or buttstock) is braced against the shooter's shoulder for stability and also interacts with the trigger hand, and is further divided into the comb (3), heel (4), toe (5), and grip (6). The stock pictured above has a thumbhole (7) style grip, which allows a more ergonomic vertical hold for the user's hand.

In some modern firearm designs, the lower receiver and handguard replace the fore-end stock, leaving only the butt portion as the recognizable "stock", even though they serve the same function as the traditional fore-end.

Styles and features of stocks
The most basic categorization of stock types is into one-piece and two-piece stocks. In a one-piece stock, the butt and fore-end are a continuous monolithic piece, such as that commonly found on conventional bolt-action rifles. Two-piece stocks use separate pieces for the butt and fore-end, such as that commonly found on break-action and lever-action firearms. Traditionally, two-piece stocks were easier to make, since finding a quality wood blank suitable for a long one-piece stock is harder than finding short blanks for a two-piece stock.

In one-piece rifle stocks, the butt also varies in styles between the "European" type, which has a drop at the heel to favor quick shooting using iron sights; and "American" type, which the heel remains horizontal from the grip to favor more precision-oriented shooting using telescopic sights. There are also in-between designs (such as the Weatherby Mark V) with a "halfway" heel drop where the front half of the buttstock stays leveled.

Collapsible or folding stocks are often seen on military carbines, SMG/PDWs, their civilian-derived versions and some machine pistols. A collapsible (or telescoping) stock makes the weapon shorter and more compact for storage, carrying and concealment, and can be deployed just before shooting for better control. A butt hook, which is an attachment to the butt of the gun that is put under the shooter's arm to prevent the rifle from pivoting forward from the weight of the barrel is sometimes used in competitive rifle shooting. These stocks are also used on combat shotguns like the Franchi SPAS-12 to allow the stock to collapse when not in use.

Grip
The grip is at the front portion of the butt that connects with the fore-end, and is held by the shooter's trigger hand during firing. The back surface of butt front near the grip is called the tang. Many grips have roughened textures or even finger grooves engraved into the sides to increase the firmness of the shooter's hold. Some grips have a thumb rest (or groove) carved near the tang to give a more ergonomic hold for the trigger finger.

The grip varies widely in styles. A straight grip stock (A) proceeds smoothly from toe to the trigger, giving a nearly horizontal holding angle for the trigger hand, while a full pistol grip stock (E) contains a separate stand-out grip piece, providing a nearly vertical angle for the trigger hand for maximal ergonomics, and is commonly found on modern military rifles such as the ubiquitous AK-47 and M16/M4 families of assault rifles. In between the two extremes, the semi-grip stock (B) is perhaps the most common sporting rifle stock, with a steeper angle cut into the stock to provide a more diagonal angle for the trigger hand. Modern target-style stocks have generally moved towards a fuller, more vertical grip, though built into the stock rather than made as a separate piece. Anschütz grip stocks (C), for example, use a nearly vertical grip, and many thumbhole grip stocks (D) are similar to pistol grips in shape.

Comb
The comb is another area of wide variation. Since the comb must support the shooter's cheek at a height that steadily aligns the aiming eye with the weapon's sights, higher sights such as telescopic sights require higher combs.

The simplest form is a straight comb (A), which is the default form seen in all traditional rifles with iron sights. The Monte Carlo comb (B) is commonly found on stocks designed for use with scopes, and features an elevated comb to lift the cheek higher, while keeping the heel of the stock low. If the elevated comb is of a rounded dome shape, it is often called a hogback comb. A cheekpiece (C) is a raised section protruding from the side of the stock, which provides a more conformed support for the shooter's cheek. There is some confusion between these terms, as the features are often combined, with the raised rollover cheekpiece (D) extending across the top of the stock to form essentially an exaggeratedly wide and high Monte Carlo comb.

Some modern buttstocks have a movable comb piece called a cheek rest or cheek rise, which offers adjustable comb height that tailors to the shooter's ergonomic preference.

Fore-end
The fore-ends tend to vary both in thickness, from the splinter fore-ends common on British side-by-side shotguns to the wide, flat bottomed beavertail fore-ends found on benchrest shooting guns, and in length, from the short AK-47 style to the long Mannlicher stock that runs all the way to the muzzle. Most common on sporting firearms is the half-stock, which extends roughly half the length of the barrel.

Stock measurements
Stock measurements are important regarding target rifle stocks if competing in IBS or NBRSA registered matches. The target rifle stocks must meet certain dimensional and configuration criteria according to the class of competition engaged in. Stock dimensioning is especially important with shotguns, where the typical front-bead-only sight requires a consistent positioning of the shooter's eye over the center of the barrel for good accuracy. When having a stock custom built or bent to fit, there are a number of measurements that are important.

 * Sight line, a datum line along the line of visual aim, extending axially to all points necessary for shotgun stock reference measurements.
 * Length of pull, the length measured from the back end of the butt to the trigger. Many newer stock designs have an adjustable length of pull. Other relevant length measurements affected by the length of pull include length to sight (LTS) and length to handstop (LTH).
 * Drop at heel, the distance from the sightline to the heel of the butt. Sometimes also called the height of the buttpad or buttplate height.
 * Drop at comb, the distance from the sightline to the comb. Sometimes also called the height of the cheek rest or cheekpiece height.
 * Cast is sometimes also called offset.
 * Cast off, the distance from the center of the butt to the Sight line, to the right side as seen from the rear. Often used by those shooting from the right shoulder.
 * Cast on, the distance from the center of the butt to the Sight line, to the left side as seen from the rear. Often used by those shooting from the left shoulder.
 * Pitch, the vertical angle of the butt of the stock, determined by a straight line from heel to toe, referenced perpendicular to the Sight line.
 * Cant, the angle of the butt of the stock, rotated around an axis parallel to the bore line, referenced to zero degrees if pointing vertical to the ground.
 * Bore line, A datum line concentric with the barrel bore and extending axially to all points necessary for rifle stock reference measurements.
 * Recoil arm, the vertical distance between the bore axis and the contact point of the stock against the shoulder where the recoil acts. If the recoil line corresponds to the bore line, the firearm can recoil straight backwards and minimize muzzle rise.
 * Corporal line, the bottom edge of the butt of the stock, or as determined by a straight line from grip to toe.
 * Corporal angle, the angle of the corporal line referenced to the bore line at the corporal intercept point.
 * Corporal intercept point, the point on the bore line forward of the bolt face where (if) the corporal line intercepts the bore line.
 * Handguard rotation, only found on firearms where the handguard can be rotated.

Accuracy considerations

In addition to ergonomic issues, the stock can also have a significant impact on the accuracy of the rifle. The key factors are: A well designed and well built wooden stock can provide the secure, stable base needed for an accurate rifle, but the properties of wood make it more difficult than more stable synthetic materials. Wood is still a top choice for aesthetic reasons, however, and solutions such as bedding provide the stability of a synthetic with the aesthetics of wood.
 * A secure fit between the stock and action, so that the rifle does not shift under recoil
 * A stable material, that does not suffer from changes in shape with temperature, humidity, or other environmental conditions to a degree that could adversely impact accuracy

Burst or automatic shoulder fired small arms can incorporate the "straight-line" recoil configuration. This layout places both the center of gravity and the position of the shoulder stock nearly in line with the longitudinal axis of the barrel bore, a feature increasing controllability during burst or automatic fire.

Adjustability
Traditional gunstocks have a permanently-shaped buttstock that is fixed in length of pull and comb height, and cannot tailor to the anatomical variation between different users. If the user wants a more comfortable head position to achieve better natural point of aim, then an additional cheek pad (which add to the comb height) or a thicker buttplate (which add to the length of pull) need to be installed. These improvisations might not be ideal as they might still not achieve optimal fitting to a person's ergonomics.

Modern manufacturing and gunsmithing techniques can produce gunstocks with variable comb heights and buttplate positions. This can be achieved either by having interchangeable modules or using spacer blocks, which can increase the vertical and horizontal thickness. Alternatively, the buttstock can be built with a movable comb (known as a cheek riser) and/or buttplate, which use one or more guide rails to control position changes. These moveable parts can be adjusted using a leadscrew usually turned with a knurled wheel, or have them slide freely along the guide rails and then fastened to desirable positions with set screws or thumbscrews. Some more complex designs also allow horizontal shifting and tilting of the cheek riser, as well as vertical shifting and slanting of the buttplate.

Construction
Traditionally, stocks are made from wood, generally a durable hardwood such as walnut. A growing option is the laminated wood stock, consisting of many thin layers of wood bonded together at high pressures with epoxy, resulting in a dense, stable composite.

Regardless of the material actually employed, the general term "furniture" is often applied to gunstocks by curators, researchers and other firearm experts.

Folding, collapsible, or removable stocks tend to be made from a mix of steel or alloy for strength and locking mechanisms, and wood or plastics for shape. Stocks for bullpup rifles must take into account the dimensions of the rifle's action, as well as ergonomic issues such as ejection.

Wood stocks
While walnut is the favored gunstock wood, many other woods are used, including maple, myrtle, birch, and mesquite. In making stocks from solid wood, one must take into account the natural properties and variability of woods. The grain of the wood determines the strength, and the grain should flow through the wrist of the stock and out the toe; having the grain perpendicular to these areas weakens the stock considerably.

In addition to the type of wood, how it is treated can have a significant impact on its properties. Wood for gunstocks should be slowly dried, to prevent grain collapse and splitting, and also to preserve the natural color of the wood; custom stockmakers will buy blanks that have been dried two to three years and then dry it for several additional years before working it into a stock. Careful selection can yield distinctive and attractive features, such as crotch figure, feathering, fiddleback, and burl, which can significantly add to the desirability of a stock. While a basic, straight grained blank suitable for a utilitarian stock might sell for US$20, an exhibition grade blank with superb figure could price in the range of US$2000. Blanks for one piece stocks are more expensive than blanks for two piece stocks, due to the greater difficulty in finding the longer blanks with desirable figure. Two piece stocks are ideally made from a single blank, so that the wood in both parts shows similar color and figure.

Laminated wood
Laminated wood consists of two or more layers of wood, impregnated with glue and attached permanently to each other. The combination of the two pieces of wood, if laid out correctly, results in the separate pieces moderating the effects of changes in temperature and humidity. Modern laminates consist of 1/16 in thick sheets of wood, usually birch, which are impregnated with epoxy, laid with alternating grain directions, and cured at high temperatures and pressures. The resulting composite material is far stronger than the original wood, free from internal defects, and nearly immune to warping from heat or moisture. Typically, each layer of the laminate is dyed before laminating, often with alternating colors, which provides a pattern similar to wood grain when cut into shape, and with bright, contrasting colors, the results can be very striking. The disadvantage of laminate stocks is density, with laminates weighing about 4 to 5 ounces (110 to 140 g) more than walnut for a typical stock.

While wood laminates have been available for many years on the custom market (and, in subdued form, in some military rifles), in 1987 Rutland Plywood, a maker of wood laminates, convinced Sturm, Ruger, Savage Arms, and U.S. Repeating Arms Company (Winchester) to display some laminate stocks on their rifles in a green, brown and black pattern (often called camo). The response was overwhelming, and that marked the beginning of laminated stocks on production rifles.

Injection molded synthetic
While setup costs are high, once ready to produce, injection molding produces stocks for less than the cost of the cheapest wood stocks. Every stock is virtually identical in dimension, and requires no bedding, inletting, or finishing. The downsides are a lack of rigidity and thermal stability, which are side effects of the thermoplastic materials used for injection molding.

Hand-laid composite stocks
A hand-laid composite stock is composed out of materials such as fiberglass, Kevlar, graphite cloth, or some combination, saturated in an appropriate binder, placed into a mold to set, or solidify. The resulting stock is stronger and more stable than an injection-molded stock. It can also be as little as half the weight of an injection-molded stock. Inletting and bedding can be accomplished by molding in as part of the manufacturing process, machining in the inletting after the stock is finished, molding directly to the action as a separate process, or molding a machined metal component in place during manufacture. Finish is provided by a layer of gel coat applied to the mold before the cloth is laid up.

Metallic
Some high production firearms (such as the PPS-43, MP-40, and the Zastava M70B) make use of metal frames in order to have a thin but strong stock that can be folded away to make the weapon more compact. However, even a skeletonized steel stock is often heavier than the equivalent solid wooden stock. Consequentially, less cost-sensitive designs like the FN Minimi make use of lighter-than-steel materials such as aluminium alloy or titanium. A few designs, like the Accuracy International Arctic Warfare, use a metallic chassis which securely beds the functional components of the firearm, with non-structural polymer panels attached externally like a shell for ergonomics and aesthetics.

Telescoping stock
A telescoping stock (alternatively collapsible stock) is a buttstock that can retract into and shorten itself (telescoping) in order to make the whole weapon more compact. Telescoping stocks are useful in allowing a rifle, submachine gun, shotgun, or light machine gun to be stored or maneuvered in places it would otherwise have trouble fitting. The user can either slide in ("collapse") the buttstock to render the weapon more portable and concealable, or extend ("deploy") it for better accuracy.

Some telescoping stocks, such as those on the M4 carbine and Benelli M4, have more than one length of pull setting, allowing the stock to be adjusted for different users.

Folding stock
Some buttstocks can have a hinged attachment to the receiver and can be folded forward to shorten the overall length of the gun. The hinge usually has a locking mechanism to prevent accidental or unwanted movements of the buttstock. When stability is not needed, the gun can be folded down to save space, be concealed, or held with one hand or nearer to the core; when stable aim is needed, the buttstock can be quickly extended and held to the shoulder.

Most folding stocks bend left or right depending on factory design or user preferences. Some are however designed to bend up and down, and usually made of a minimalistic "skeletonized" frame to fit over and envelop the receiver. Some compact weapons (e.g. machine pistols) have foldable buttstocks with more than one articulations to allow even more shortening.

Bump stock
A bump fire stock or bump stock utilizes the recoil of a semi-automatic rifle to facilitate a faster rate of fire without requiring any modification of internal mechanisms to convert the firearm to an automatic firearm.

The term "bump fire" was originally an improvised technique to shoot an AR-15 faster by having the shooter applying a non-rigid forward push on the receiver (by gripping the handguard or via a foregrip) and having a loose hold on the pistol grip. When the gun shoots, the recoil shifts the receiver backwards, moving the trigger conversely forward (from the receiver's frame of reference) and relaxes the pulling force on the trigger, allowing it to reset. When the shooter's forward push overcomes the recoil momentum and shifts the receiver back towards the front, the trigger is "bumped" against the shooter's finger and gets depressed again, firing off another round, which produces another recoil that repeats the above process. This allows a cycling rate of firing much faster than what the shooter's own finger can typically achieve, but is usually inaccurate due to the shooter often having to fire from the hip to still hold the gun firmly.

A bump stock replaces the manual forward push with a spring mechanism at the interface between the receiver and the pistol grip/buttstock. The user only has to simply hold the trigger back against the grip, and the spring-assisted forward push will itself work against the recoil to cycle the shooting. This allows an increased rate of fire that can reach several hundred rounds per minute, and is far more consistent in performance compared to the manual bump fire.

For handguns
Many handguns also support the use of shoulder stocks to handle recoil. An example is the Luger P08 "Artillery Pistol", which has a wooden factory holster that can be attached to the pistol grip and used as an improvised buttstock. Some aftermarket manufacturers also make accessories for popular semi-automatic pistols such as Glocks, including grip modules that have built-on folding stocks, or even "conversion kits" that allow the pistol to be mounted into a carbine-shaped enclosure with a shoulder stock.

Machine pistols such as the MAC-10, Micro-Uzi and Škorpion vz. 61 often use a folding skeleton stock that can be extended and braced during engagements to provide auto-fire stability.

Pistol brace
A pistol stabilizing brace (PSB) or arm brace is a device like a buttstock, but purportedly meant to be in contact with or wrap around the shooter's forearm like a wrist brace or splint, instead of being pressed against the shoulder, as an alternative measure of countering recoil and muzzle rise with one-handed shooting. Developed from an arm hook (introduced for the same reasons) on the collapsible stock of the Franchi SPAS-12 shotgun, it is mainly designed for a category of guns which are marketed as "pistols" despite being much larger and heavier than typical pistols, having carbine-style receivers (e.g. "AR pistols" and PC Charger), and which are stockless out-of-factory to avoid being legally classified as short-barreled rifles. The brace can be mounted onto the gun via an M4-style buffer tube, or via a Picatinny rail interface.

The bulkier end of a brace can still be leaned against the shoulder like a shoulder stock, but these devices are marketed as being intended for attachment to the arm to circumvent the legal restrictions that would arise from calling them shoulder stocks. On December 18, 2020, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives filed a notice to the Federal Register titled Objective Factors for Classifying Weapons with "Braces", proposing a series of criteria used to evaluate whether pistols with attached stabilizing braces are firearms that should be regulated by the National Firearms Act, but withdrew the notice five days later.

Legal issues
In some jurisdictions, the nature of the stock may change the legal status of the firearm. Examples of this are:
 * Adding a shoulder stock to a firearm with a barrel shorter than 16 in changes it into a short-barreled rifle (SBR) under the United States National Firearms Act.
 * Folding stocks, or stocks with separate pistol grips, are regarded as assault weapon features and banned in some U.S. states and municipalities.
 * In the United States, fitting a bump stock to a semi-automatic firearm causes it to be classified as a machine gun by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, meaning they are effectively banned on the federal level. They are also banned in Canada and the United Kingdom.

title: Stock (firearms)


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Burn-Up Excess

Burn-Up Excess is a Japanese anime television series directed by Shinichiro Kimura and animated by Magic Bus. It aired from 1997 to 1998 for a total of 13 episodes. Four volumes were released on VHS and DVD in North America by ADV Films.

The series is a tongue-in-cheek look at a special operations unit in the Tokyo police force called "Team Warrior", with large amounts of fan service thrown in for good measure, exemplified by the inclusion of ADV's trademarked "Jiggle Counter" on the DVDs along with Plastic Little.

Plot summary
The story revolves around Rio Kinezono, a buxom member of Team Warrior who consistently overspends her paycheck, but is also a top-flight martial artist and a valuable member of the team. In the field, Rio is usually flanked by Maya Jingu, the green-haired team sniper who appears to have a serious lust for ranged weapons (specifically assault rifles). Their antics are backed up by the inventions of Nanvel Candlestick, the exotic team engineer whose job is to devise and implement special combat and surveillance hardware for the team's use. Lilica Ebett, the sprightly pink-haired girl who's a computer expert, can pretty much crack into any information system, and Yuji Naruo, a perverted, camera-toting voyeur, always serves as Warrior's drop-operation pilot and driver. Maki Kawasaki, the mysterious, bespectacled superintendent, is charged with commanding Warrior in the field and administering their various missions as they arise.

The series chronicles the team members' adventures as they slowly track down a sinister city plot involving the manufacture and distribution of military armaments.

It was preceded by the AIC's OVA miniseries Burn-Up W, although there are some inconsistencies with several elements, the most notable of which is the malevolent and calculating Ruby, who seems to be a completely different character altogether in Burn-Up Excess, despite the two anime being considered canon.

Team Warrior

 * Rio Kinezono
 * This busty blonde is the main protagonist of the series. She's trained in martial arts and is always the person leading an attack. She likes to look good and loves buying pretty things. Unfortunately, her spending habits keep her in eternal debt, so she's always looking for good-paying jobs to support her lifestyle. She has a desk job working for the police in Policetown and counts on work with Team Warrior to pay her bills. Always trying to find the easy way out, she tries to hook up with any rich guy she can find in the hopes that he'll be able to buy her all the pretty things she desires.
 * This busty blonde is the main protagonist of the series. She's trained in martial arts and is always the person leading an attack. She likes to look good and loves buying pretty things. Unfortunately, her spending habits keep her in eternal debt, so she's always looking for good-paying jobs to support her lifestyle. She has a desk job working for the police in Policetown and counts on work with Team Warrior to pay her bills. Always trying to find the easy way out, she tries to hook up with any rich guy she can find in the hopes that he'll be able to buy her all the pretty things she desires.

 * Maki Kawazaki
 * Team Warrior's commander and a no-nonsense type of leader. She was awarded the command to distract her from her investigation into Black Diamonds. She married fellow investigator Masato who was killed in an explosion on a boat on their wedding day.
 * Team Warrior's commander and a no-nonsense type of leader. She was awarded the command to distract her from her investigation into Black Diamonds. She married fellow investigator Masato who was killed in an explosion on a boat on their wedding day.

 * Lilica Ebett
 * The computer expert of the group, with pink hair done up in bows. Lilica is usually seen in a control room and has the ability to hack into computer systems and provide intelligence support to the rest of the group.
 * The computer expert of the group, with pink hair done up in bows. Lilica is usually seen in a control room and has the ability to hack into computer systems and provide intelligence support to the rest of the group.

 * Maya Jingu
 * Maya loves her guns and treats them like her men. She has green hair and is almost always seen wearing a headband.
 * Maya loves her guns and treats them like her men. She has green hair and is almost always seen wearing a headband.

 * Nanvel Candlestick
 * Team Warrior's resident engineering wizard. She is the one responsible for creating a lot of the high-tech gadgets the team uses. She has a bad habit of coloring her creations either purple or pink.
 * Team Warrior's resident engineering wizard. She is the one responsible for creating a lot of the high-tech gadgets the team uses. She has a bad habit of coloring her creations either purple or pink.

 * Yuji Naruo
 * Yuji is the only male in the group and the team's vehicle expert. He has a crush on Rio, much to her chagrin. He is a lover of female legs and undergarments and a great example of a hentai (pervert). He has a bad habit of showing up in the girls' locker room while they're either changing or taking a shower.
 * Yuji is the only male in the group and the team's vehicle expert. He has a crush on Rio, much to her chagrin. He is a lover of female legs and undergarments and a great example of a hentai (pervert). He has a bad habit of showing up in the girls' locker room while they're either changing or taking a shower.

 * Rio's boss
 * Rio's boss is always pushing Rio to finish her work. She tries to use her charms on him to let her off the hook.

Neo Tokyo Police

 * Miyuki
 * Miyuki is Rio's friend from the police academy. She works as a traffic cop.

 * Miyuki's boss
 * Just like Rio, Miyuki is constantly in trouble with her boss.

Osaka

 * Jingu Syndicate
 * A crime syndicate in Osaka run by Maya's father.

 * Maya's father
 * The boss of the Jingu crime syndicate in Osaka.

 * Bob
 * The redheaded member of the Jingu crime syndicate in Osaka.

 * Ken
 * A chubby guy who wears glasses and is a member of the Jingu crime syndicate in Osaka.

 * Tommy
 * A member of the Jingu crime syndicate in Osaka.

 * Yamada
 * A tall guy who wears glasses and is a member of the Jingu crime syndicate in Osaka.

 * Gondo Construction
 * An aggressive company bent on land development in Osaka and eliminating the Jingu crime syndicate.

Neo Tokyo

 * Ramen shop owners
 * The couple that owns the ramen shop next to Police Town. They have two children, a boy and a girl.

 * Chi Mama
 * The leader of a group of cross-dressing thieves and owner of a nightclub. He generally refers to Rio by a pet name of "Stephanie".

 * Underwear thief
 * A masked thief who travels around Tokyo, stealing women's underwear, but he is actually a cram school student.

 * Prince Hasan
 * The heir to a powerful oil company in the Middle East. he arrives in Tokyo and requests protection from the Warriors. Rio hoped to marry him and get him to pay off her debts until she found out that he is a pervert.

 * Thunderstorm
 * A group that wants to kill Prince Hasan to cause disorder in the Middle East.

 * Henry
 * An advanced strategic tank with artificial intelligence and multiple forms of advanced weaponry, from standard machine guns to a large pulse cannon capable of destroying an entire division of standard tanks in seconds. One of Team Warrior's missions is to escort Henry from Japan to Switzerland.

Antagonists

 * Ruby
 * Ruby is the woman that coordinates much of the criminal activity against which Team Warrior fights. It is apparent that she has a considerable amount of funding for her criminal operations. She visits Tokyo to host a fashion show disguised as designer Miriam Bardo. She is also very adept in hand-to-hand combat.

 * Harry
 * Ruby's boss and with scars on his hand and face. He was the husband of Maki whose hand was scarred when he saved her from a crazed gunman. He was supposedly killed in an explosion on a boat on their wedding day. He survived and turned to crime and the underworld, becoming an international arms dealer.

 * Drone bugs
 * Used by the Ruby and the Dawn Mirage to take over Neo Tokyo Tower.

 * Shiguru Tomoyama
 * Former prime minister of Japan who becomes involved with the production of mechanized police and military personnel.

 * Mecha Cops
 * The Mecha Cops are robotic police manufactured by the Sukurada factory under the control of the former prime minister Shiguru Tonoyama and sold to the Neo Tokyo police. They have advanced artificial intelligence with black diamond CPUs, and are impervious to most normal weaponry. They are designed to subdue criminals using non-lethal force. They have many other features, including the ability to run faster than speeding cars and interface directly with computer systems in Police Town for quick data retrieval.

Nanvel's inventions
As the group's electronics expert, Nanvel's job is to design and build machines to help the team achieve its goals.
 * Pin-Ele
 * Pin-Ele is a giant pink elephant that Nanvel advertises as an Optical Diet Machine. It is able to project a hologram over someone to make that person look slimmer. People who want to change their looks wear receptors shaped like flowers on their heads and Pin-Ele transmits the new images to those receptors which are then projected over their wearers. During the series, she builds three versions of the machine, each smaller than the last. The final version is so small that it can be carried around by one person.

 * Pink Cockroach
 * A pink device the size and shape of a cockroach, designed to sneak into inaccessible locations and transmit audio and video back to the team. It can also be used as a communications device. Nanvel also states that if the cockroach's wings are opened, it can be used as a hand grenade although this function is never demonstrated.

 * Pink Rabbit
 * This is a giant pink robot shaped like a rabbit. Nanvel rides in a large glass bubble that makes the rabbit's head. It doesn't have any weapons, but it has heavy armor and is able to punch, kick, and shoot its hands off like pop guns. She uses the rabbit to help fight the super androids in the last episode.

Episode list
Episodes 8 to 12 contain short segments at the end of each episode called "Yuji's Additional Theater", mainly focusing on Yuji's attempts to film the female characters in their underwear.

title: Burn-Up Excess


text:
Pine Hall, North Carolina

Pine Hall is an unincorporated community in Stokes County, North Carolina, United States, approximately ten miles southwest of county seat Danbury, near Belews Lake. Danbury and Sandy Ridge are to the north, with Stokesdale to the east. Kernersville and Walkertown are to the south, with Winston-Salem to the southwest. Walnut Cove and Germanton are located to the west. On March 20, 1998, a EF-1 tornado touched down briefly in the northern part of Pine Hall, north of Route 311 near Morning Star Baptist Church. The walls were knocked from the foundation of the church and windows were blown out because of the pressure. Trees were also knocked and blown over and 3 people were injured. It was on the ground for 1.5 miles before lifting near the Stokes/Rockingham County line. This tornado and system would eventually become the Stoneville Tornado from the 1998 Gainesville-Stoneville tornado outbreak.

Pine Hall, a historic plantation house, bearing the same name was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

In 1922, Flake Steele took over Consolidated Brick Co. and bought hundreds of acres containing Triassic shale. Pine Hall Brick Co. moved its offices to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, two years later. In 2021, the company has two plants in Madison, North Carolina, and two in Fairmount, Georgia, and sells its brick products in 35 U.S. states and in other countries.

title: Pine Hall, North Carolina


text:
Sapindus

Sapindus is a genus of about thirteen species of shrubs and small trees in the lychee family, Sapindaceae and tribe Sapindeae. It is native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the world. The genus includes both deciduous and evergreen species. Members of the genus are commonly known as soapberries or soapnuts because the fruit pulp is used to make soap. The generic name is derived from the Latin words sapo, meaning "soap", and indicus, meaning "of India".

The leaves are alternate, 15 - 40 cm long, pinnate (except in S. oahuensis, which has simple leaves), with 14-30 leaflets, the terminal leaflet often absent. The flowers form in large panicles, each flower small, creamy white. The fruit is a small leathery-skinned drupe 1 - 2 cm in diameter, yellow ripening blackish, containing one to three seeds.

Uses

The drupes (soapnuts) contain saponins, which have surfactant properties, having been used for washing by ancient Asian and American peoples. A number of other uses for Sapindus have also been reported such making arrows from the wood and decorative objects from the seeds.

Folk medicine
Leaf and fruit extracts of Sapindus have historically been used in folk remedies to treat various conditions.

Insecticide
Sapindus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) species including Endoclita malabaricus. Kernel extracts of soapnut disrupt the activity of enzymes of larvae and pupae and inhibit the growth of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, an important vector of viral diseases.

Dyeing agent
Soapnut is used as a dyeing agent for coloring the yarn of Tussar silk and cotton.

Species

The number of species is disputed between different authors, particularly in North America where between one and three species are accepted. , Plants of the World Online includes:
 * 1) Sapindus chrysotrichus  (southern Vietnam)
 * 2) Sapindus delavayi  (China, India)
 * 3) Sapindus drummondii  (USA: Arizona to SE. Colorado and Louisiana)
 * 4) Sapindus emarginatus  (Southern Asia)
 * 5) Sapindus lippoldii  (Cuba)
 * 6) Sapindus mukorossi  – Indian Soapberry (India and the Himalayas east to Indochina and Japan)
 * 7) Sapindus oahuensis  –  Lonomea (Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, Hawaii)
 * 8) Sapindus rarak  (Southeast Asia)
 * 9) Sapindus saponaria  - 4 subspecies, previously considered as 2:
 * 10) "S. s. var. drummondii" (Hook. & Arn.) L.D.Benson – Western Soapberry (southwestern US, Mexico) is S. drummondii
 * 11) S. s. var. saponaria – Wingleaf Soapberry (southeastern US, Caribbean, island of Hawaiʻi, Central, South America); Sapindus marginatus Willd. – Florida Soapberry - included here.
 * 12) Sapindus sonlaensis  (Sơn La, NW Vietnam)
 * 13) Sapindus tomentosus  - China
 * 14) Sapindus trifoliatus L. – South India Soapnut or Three-leaf Soapberry: Southern India, Pakistan (synonym S. laurifolius Vahl = "Ritha")
 * 15) Sapindus vitiensis A.Gray (American Samoa, Samoa, Fiji)

Formerly placed here

 * Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb.) Leenh. (as S. fruticosus Roxb. )
 * Lepisanthes senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Leenh. (as S. senegalensis Juss. ex Poir. )
 * Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk. (as S. tetraphylla Vahl )
 * Talisia cerasina (Benth.) Radlk. (as S. cerasinus Benth. )
 * Talisia esculenta (A.St.-Hil.) Radlk. (as S. esculenta A.St.-Hil. )

title: Sapindus


text:
List of settlements in the Chios regional unit

This is a list of settlements in Chios regional unit in Greece:

 * Agio Gala
 * Agios Georgios Sykousis
 * Amades
 * Anavatos
 * Armolia
 * Avgonyma
 * Chalandra
 * Chalkeio
 * Chios (town)
 * Dafnonas
 * Diefcha
 * Elata
 * Exo Didyma
 * Flatsia
 * Fyta
 * Kalamoti
 * Kallimasia
 * Kampia
 * Kardamyla
 * Karfas
 * Karyes
 * Katarraktis
 * Keramos
 * Koini
 * Kourounia
 * Lagkada
 * Leptopoda
 * Lithi
 * Melanios
 * Mesa Didyma
 * Mesta
 * Myrmigki
 * Nea Potamia
 * Nenita
 * Nenitouria
 * Neochori
 * Oinousses
 * Olympoi
 * Pagida
 * Parparia
 * Patrika
 * Pirama
 * Pispilounta
 * Pityous
 * Psara
 * Pyrgi
 * Sidirounta
 * Spartounta
 * Sykiada
 * Tholopotami
 * Thymiana
 * Trypes
 * Vasileonoiko
 * Vaviloi
 * Ververato
 * Vessa
 * Viki
 * Volissos
 * Vouno
 * Vrontados
 * Zyfias


text:
Bankers Life

The Bankers Life and Casualty Company, doing business as Bankers Life, is a private American health insurance company headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1932 as a mutual life insurance company, the company has been a subsidiary of CNO Financial Group since 1992. Bankers Life has 1.4 million policyholders across the United States and Canada, most of whom are within the company's target demographic of middle-aged and retirement-aged adults with annual household incomes between $25,000 and $75,000.

Overview
The company's insurance products include life insurance, long-term care insurance, annuities, and Medicare products, including plans for Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage. The company's in-house supplemental health insurance includes plans for critical illnesses and Medicare supplements, with vision and dental coverage sold through a partnership with Humana.

Bankers Life sells its policies through a network of over 5,000 insurance agents based in over 320 offices throughout the United States.

Early years
The Bankers Life and Casualty Company was established in 1932 as a mutual life insurance company in Chicago, Illinois. In contrast to most other life insurance companies, whose costs included salaries for accountants, sales agents, officers, and actuaries, Bankers Life minimized its overhead as a means of undercutting the monthly insurance premiums of its competitors. By June 1935, however, corporate mismanagement rendered the company insolvent by $631.11, resulting in the seizure of its assets for liquidation by the Illinois Insurance Department. On July 2, 1935, the company was sold to John D. MacArthur for $2,500, who began running it from the office of his existing insurance company, Marquette Life.

Under MacArthur, the company employed its policy of minimal overhead to undercut the $10 minimum monthly premiums of competitors with $1, $2, and $5 monthly premium policies. To sell more policies without hiring additional sales agents, the company began mailing its sales pitches to middle-income families, a demographic traditionally underserved by the insurance industry. By combining these methods with the mass-marketing and brand management techniques of large American manufacturers, the company grew from having $5,802 in assets under management and $166,000 in life insurance policies in 1935 to $404,598  in assets under management and over $20 million in life insurance policies by 1941. Having outgrown the office of Marquette Life, Bankers Life moved to a four-story building in Mayfair that would serve as its headquarters for the following four decades.

By 1942 MacArthur sought to gain ownership of the company from its policyholders by converting it from a mutual insurance company to a joint-stock company. In September 1942 he established two shell companies, of which one, the Illinois Standard Life Insurance Company, would serve as the new company. In December he merged Bankers Life, the second shell company, and the Hotel Men's Mutual Benefit Association—another life insurance company acquired by MacArthur—into Illinois Standard Life to form the West Side Assessment Life Insurance Company, which was subsequently renamed the Bankers Life and Casualty Company. While the Hotel Men's Mutual Benefit Association did not bring many new policyholders to Bankers Life, the Illinois Insurance code allowed the new company to assume the former's founding date of January 17, 1879 as its own. Now the president and sole shareholder of Bankers Life, MacArthur expanded the company's marketing efforts with a $105,000 magazine advertising contract. Despite the new Bankers Life being largely identical to its former iteration, advertisements promoting it often made use of Hotel Men's 1879 founding date via claims such as "Chicago’s First Insurance Company—Established 1879".

Expansion
Between 1943 and 1946 the company opened branch offices in Florida, Michigan, Missouri, and West Virginia, the success of which enabled it to expand its operations across 14 states by 1951. The company's rapid expansion was fueled by a staff that included sales agents, claims adjusters, billing processors, and addressograph operators, with the staff at its headquarters growing from 50 employees in 1940 to over 2,000 by 1955. Bankers Life diversified its business by marketing health insurance policies under its White Cross brand, becoming one of the largest health and accident insurance companies in the United States by 1956. The establishment of Medicare in July 1965 led Bankers Life and other health insurance companies to develop and market Medicare supplement policies to pay for costs not covered under the new program.

In early 1970 a life-threatening bout of stomach cancer gave MacArthur concern about the potential impact of estate taxes on his fortune. On October 18, 1970 he established the MacArthur Foundation, a private foundation that would inherit the majority of his estate after his death and put it to use in support of charitable causes. While this included his position as sole shareholder of Bankers Life, the Tax Reform Act of 1969 would require the foundation to eventually divest it. In October 1974 MacArthur resigned as president of Bankers Life, naming Robert Ewing as his successor.

By 1977 the company had become the second largest health and accident insurance company in the United States, with a workforce of nearly 4,000 employees across 47 states (excluding California, New Jersey, and New York), Washington, D.C., and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Its yearly net income had grown to $22 million by 1976, with $1.04 billion  of assets under management by the end of 1977.

Post-MacArthur
Upon MacArthur's death in 1978 his shares in Bankers Life, worth over $415 million, passed to the MacArthur Foundation. On October 30, 1984, the foundation sold Bankers Life for $382 million to the Texas-based Great Southern Life Insurance Company, a subsidiary of the Louisville, Kentucky based I.C.H. Corporation, an insurance industry holding company. On November 9, 1992, I.C.H. Corporation sold Bankers Life for $600 million to Conseco, a Carmel, Indiana based insurance industry holding company, known as CNO Financial Group since 2010. In 1993 Bankers Life moved its headquarters into the Merchandise Mart building in downtown Chicago. On January 1, 2000, Conseco merged another of its insurance industry subsidiaries, Certified Life Insurance Company, into Bankers Life.

In 2012, Bankers Life processed about 8.5 million claims and paid out $1.3 billion in policy benefits. In 2015, Bankers Life had $19 billion in assets under management.

Sponsorships
Bankers Life is a national sponsor of the Alzheimer's Association, organizing annual fundraising campaigns since 2003 to raise public awareness of the disease. its campaigns have helped raise over $7 million in support of the Alzheimer's Association's care, education, and research programs.

In 2011 CNO Financial Group transferred the naming rights to the home arena of the Indiana Pacers NBA team to Bankers Life, renaming it from Conseco Fieldhouse to Bankers Life Fieldhouse. In March 2018 CNO opted not to renew its naming sponsorship of Bankers Life Fieldhouse, which expired on June 30, 2019. On September 27, 2021 it was renamed Gainbridge Fieldhouse, with the financial platform Gainbridge becoming its new naming partner.

title: Bankers Life


text:
Gunstock

Gunstock may refer to:

Objects

 * Stock (firearms), a part of a gun
 * Gunstock war club, a weapon resembling gunstocks

Place names in the United States

 * Gunstock Knob, a summit in West Virginia
 * Gunstock Mountain, a New Hampshire mountain
 * Gunstock Mountain Resort, an alpine ski area located on the New Hampshire mountain
 * Gunstock River, New Hampshire

title: Gunstock


text:
Talk:Carnival glass

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title: Talk:Carnival glass


text:
Soapberry

Soapberry is a common name for several plants and may refer to:

 * Plants in the genus Sapindus, native to warm temperate to tropical regions in both the Old World and the New World. The berries of these plants contain a natural, low-sudsing detergent called saponin.
 * Canada buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis) is also known as "soapberry" and is native to North America. This shrub bears bitter yet edible red berries.

title: Soapberry


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Slasher film/archive1

Slasher film
The article is informative, covers all the major milestones of the genre, with dates, names, has a neutral stance on the subject, references serious academic discussion on the topic and popular criticism. It has working links and does not cover the same ground as other articles.

 * Object. No where near comprehensive enough. Evil Monkey∴Hello 00:20, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object As Evil Monkey says, this is barely an outline. Although it mentions academic works it has no references.  It also screams for an image or two. Dsmdgold 02:43, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object Virtually none of the basic requirements are met; please read the requirements before nominating articles to FAC. Phil s 06:22, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. This meets none of the FA criteria. On a side note to this article, we really need to rethink letting anons nominate articles for featured status - they end up adding poor candidates like this which doesn't help the process. Harro5 06:56, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object This should not be here! Giano | talk 12:51, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Object, not comprehensive. Neutralitytalk 19:49, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Burn-Up W

Burn-Up W is a 1996 anime OVA directed by Hiroshi Negishi. It was soon followed by a series version called Burn-Up Excess, though it occasionally lacks continuity with the series. The OVA consists of four episodes, chronicling Team Warrior through more missions. Like the original series, there is still a large amount of fan service.

Plot
Burn Up W is about the adventures of Team Warrior, a band of highly skilled and completely reckless female cops. The team features the loose cannon Rio, trigger-happy Maya and ace hacker Lilica, who get the job done, regardless of the cost to the Tokyo Police Department or the city.

Main characters

 * Rio Kinezono (利緒)
 * Rio is Team Warrior's "Pointman" on many missions. She's blonde, very buxom, and rather ditzy, and she can't seem to keep money in her wallet. Along with that, she is always looking for a wealthy Mr. Right so she can ditch her job as a civil servant.

 * In Burn Up W, it is unknown why or how she joins Warrior. Unlike Maya, Rio is more skilled in hand-to-hand combat, but is known to use a firearm now and again (for example during the "Skin Dive" and "Policetown Assault" episodes). Although she won't admit it, she noticeably has some feeling towards her partner Yuji Naruo, but since the W OVA is only 4 episodes it was never expanded on.

 * Maya Jingu (真弥)
 * Team Warrior's green haired gun-toting maniac. Maya is about the same height as Rio with relatively the same body measurements. She is Team Warrior's primary sniper and gun user. She mainly joined to shoot as much as she wanted, which causes problems because she doesn't get to shoot that much, which in many cases leads her to feeling something akin to sexual frustration. To her, the bigger the gun the better; no matter whatever gun she uses she'll find some satisfaction (sexual or otherwise). Many times Maya is overheard saying that if she doesn't get to shoot more, she'll quit the police and become a mercenary.

 * Maya is mostly paired up with Rio on missions and covers her back on most occasions.

 * Lilica Ebett (リリカ)
 * Lilica is the tech expert on the team. She has pink hair and is the shortest of all the Burn Up W characters. Lilica is the daughter of a very wealthy businessman, but it is unknown in the OVA who he is or why Lilica is working at Policetown anyway if she has so much money. To highlight the wealth of her father, at one point she refuses a space satellite as a birthday gift from her father.

 * Lilica is never out in the field with Rio and Maya, instead she is at the Warrior computer with Maki as support.

 * Nanvel Candlestick (ナンベル)
 * Nanvel is the resident engineer on Team Warrior. During the Vitural Idol case, Maki enlisted the aid of Nanvel who has developed the "El Heggunte" android hunter robot (which bears a striking resemblance to Unit 01 of Evangelion fame).

 * Nanvel is a genius when it comes to robotics and cyber technology, but due to her department being totally underfunded, she is stuck in the Policetown hangar bay way below the base. Through some of Maki's connections, Nanvel's department receives more funding and we begin to see her more in the OVA.

 * Similar to the way Maya has a gun fetish, Nanvel becomes hot and heavy about mechanical things and robots. In the last episode of the OVA, she equips Rio with a new force knuckle and Maya with a new anti-tank shotgun.

 * Maki Kawasaki (マキ)
 * Maki is the team leader of the Warrior strike force. She is tough as nails and at times can be quite manipulative when it comes to conning her superiors into giving her team more leeway in some missions. This same social cunning is employed on Rio often, to ensure that the hot-headed blonde performs as needed during missions.

 * Maki acts like a mother figure to the Warrior team, guiding them and giving them focus, but she seems to have more of a connection to Rio than anyone else on the team. It is rumored that the Maki of Burn-Up W is the same Maki from the original Burn-Up! OVA back in the 90's and that Rio is acting very similarly to how the Burn-Up! of Maki used to act which almost gives their relationship a passing the torch feel. In W, Maki is never in the field with Rio and Maya.

 * Yuji Naruo (ユージ)
 * Yuji is the token pervert in the Burn up series. He is constantly looking up girls' skirts or going into porn stores. But for all his faults he is still very lovable, he loves Rio a lot and at times will rush into danger to save her, but will wind up getting caught himself forcing Rio to save him.

 * In W, Yuji is a pervert but he has his redeeming qualities. His W version seems to only be interested in Rio and porn, because he never makes an advance at Maya or Nanvel (even though Nanvel dresses way less than Rio and Maya). Although he takes a mostly inactive role, he is still considered a member of Warrior and pilots the helicopter and other vehicles for special Warrior missions.

 * Voiced by: Ryotaro Okiayu (Japanese), Jason Lee (English)

 * Miss Ruby

 * Miss Ruby is the mysterious woman who works in Falcon Claw. She takes the hotel and its patrons hostage. She seems to always wear a pair of shades too and her hair is lavender colored and comes down to her shoulders (Red when wearing a wig). Ruby is also quite skilled with handling machines. She is only referred to as "Chief Terrorist".

title: Burn-Up W