text:
Foreign Service Institute

The Foreign Service Institute (FSI) is the United States federal government's primary training institution for members of the U.S. foreign service community, preparing American diplomats as well as other professionals to advance U.S. foreign policy objectives overseas and in Washington. FSI provides more than 800 courses—including up to 70 foreign languages—to more than 225,000 enrollees a year from the U.S. Department of State and more than 50 other government agencies and the military service branches. FSI is based at the George P. Shultz National Foreign Affairs Training Center in Arlington, Virginia.

The institute's programs include training for the development of all cadres of the U.S. Department of State, including United States Foreign Service, Civil Service, and Locally Employed staff, who serve at U.S. embassies and consulates overseas as well as in domestic offices. Ranging in length from one day to two years, courses are designed to equip foreign affairs professionals with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to achieve U.S. foreign policy priorities, to promote successful performance in each professional assignment, to assist in navigating international transitions, and to enhance the leadership and management capabilities of the U.S. foreign affairs community. Other courses and resources help family members prepare for the demands of a mobile lifestyle and living abroad, and provide employees and their families with important information about such critical and timely topics as emergency preparedness and cyber-security awareness, among others.

The FSI director – the chief learning officer responsible for professional training for the State Department and federal foreign affairs agencies – is equivalent in rank to an Assistant Secretary of State and is appointed by the Secretary of State.

History
The Foreign Service Institute was first proposed as an in-service, graduate-level training institute for State Department employees and others in the Foreign Service. A number of different training schools and programs preceded the Foreign Service Institute, including the Consular School of Application (1907), the Wilson Diplomatic School (1909), the Foreign Service School (1924), the Foreign Service Officers' Training School (1931) and the Division of Training Services (1945).

In 1946, President Truman signed legislation that enabled Secretary of State George C. Marshall to establish the Institute on March 13, 1947. The Foreign Service Institute was initially authorized in Title VII of the Foreign Service Act. The issuance of Departmental orders fulfilling this section of the Act were delayed by the need to first resolve certain administrative issues. The orders were ultimately issued and, on March 13, 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall announced the establishment of the Foreign Service Institute.

In 1947, the Foreign Service Institute opened in the Mayfair Building in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C., at 2115 C Street NW, a building that was subsequently razed for the new State Department headquarters. The institute included four schools: Basic Officer Training, Advanced Officer Training, Management and Administrative Training, and Language Training. FSI then moved to leased space in Rosslyn, Virginia until October 1993, when it relocated to its current home. In 1954, the Wriston Report criticized the resources and support being devoted to FSI, and in the following year, FSI overhauled its curriculum, adding longer specialized training, putting a greater emphasis on language training, and opening up courses to wives of Foreign Service Officers.

In October 1993, FSI moved to the National Foreign Affairs Training Center in Arlington, Virginia, and remains headquartered there today.

In 2017, FSI celebrated the 70th anniversary of its founding, with the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training releasing an e-book in honor of its anniversary.

Organization
The Foreign Service Institute comprises the School of Language Studies, the School of Professional and Area Studies, the School of Applied Information Technology, the Leadership and Management School, the Transition Center, and the Office of the Historian. FSI also contains an executive office for administrative functions and a number of cross-cutting, Institute-wide offices. The School of Language Studies (SLS) offers instruction in more than 70 languages and proficiency testing in over 100 languages. Enrollments may be 8–44 weeks, depending on the difficulty of the language and the individual's proficiency objectives. The Foreign Service Institute's School of Language Studies also maintains a network of language field schools in Taipei, Yokohama, Seoul, and other regional programs in the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia where a further 44 weeks of instruction is offered overseas in Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Arabic. Programs and courses of study also include self-study, early morning classes and distance learning courses. FSI is a co-creator of the speaking and reading language proficiency rating scales used throughout the U.S. government. SLS is active within the U.S. government's interagency community of language trainers and testers and frequently benchmarks with external foreign affairs agencies on language instruction.

The School of Professional and Area Studies (SPAS) offers training in foreign affairs specialties, such as consular, management tradecraft, political and economic affairs, public diplomacy, curriculum and staff development, office management, and orientation programs. It also offers guidance on the socio-cultural patterns, politics, economics, and international relations of world regions and individual countries. SPAS provides tailored programs in Consular, Economic and Commercial, Management, Office Management, Political, and Public Diplomacy, as well as new-hire orientation programs and in-depth Area Studies courses. SPAS is also home to the Center for the Study of the Conduct of Diplomacy (CSCD), which examines recent diplomatic experiences in order to capture best practices and lessons learned. CSCD produces comparative analyses which are incorporated into FSI training and used to help prepare foreign affairs professionals at all ranks for the challenges faced at U.S. missions around the world.

The School of Applied Information Technology (SAIT) is divided into four broad generalities: training to improve the business application skills of all employees, training in the technologies employed across the Department of State for IT professionals, IRM tradecraft courses that provide IT managers with broad IT management skills, and training for new Information Management Specialists and Information Management Technical Specialists to prepare them for initial and continued overseas employment with the department.

The Leadership and Management School (LMS) offers mandatory and elective leadership and management training for supervisors and managers from entry to executive levels; roundtables and policy seminars for senior leaders; and crisis management training overseas and at the National Foreign Affairs Training Center.

The Transition Center (TC) prepares employees and their family members for effectiveness in the foreign affairs community throughout, and after, their careers. The Transition Center provides: insights and information on all domestic and overseas posts; workshops and courses on Foreign Service life skills and security training; and training, counseling, and other assistance for Department of State and foreign affairs employees from other agencies leaving U.S. Government service. TC's Center of Excellence in Foreign Affairs Resilience (CEFAR) provides consultations and training designed to help individuals, family members, and teams perform in high-stress and high-level-threat environments.

The Office of the Historian (OH) is responsible, under law, for the preparation and publication of the official documentary history of U.S. foreign policy in the Foreign Relations of the United States series. Published since 1861, the series contains documents from numerous government agencies that reveal how U.S. foreign policy was created and executed at the highest levels. Additionally, the office prepares policy-supportive historical studies, helps train department personnel through historical components taught in Foreign Service Institute courses, and answers historical research questions from scholars, educators, students, journalists, and other agencies. The office's website includes a full text archive of the Foreign Relations series, as well as numerous publications and datasets on the department's institutional history and the history of U.S. foreign relations.

Notable alumni

 * Abraham Katz (1926–2013), diplomat, United States Ambassador to the OECD

title: Foreign Service Institute


text:
Self-descriptive number

In mathematics, a self-descriptive number is an integer m that in a given base b is b digits long in which each digit d at position n (the most significant digit being at position 0 and the least significant at position b−1) counts how many instances of digit n are in m.

Example
For example, in base 10, the number 6210001000 is self-descriptive because of the following reasons:

In base 10, the number has 10 digits, indicating its base;

It contains 6 at position 0, indicating that there are six 0s in 6210001000;

It contains 2 at position 1, indicating that there are two 1s in 6210001000;

It contains 1 at position 2, indicating that there is one 2 in 6210001000;

It contains 0 at position 3, indicating that there is no 3 in 6210001000;

It contains 0 at position 4, indicating that there is no 4 in 6210001000;

It contains 0 at position 5, indicating that there is no 5 in 6210001000;

It contains 1 at position 6, indicating that there is one 6 in 6210001000;

It contains 0 at position 7, indicating that there is no 7 in 6210001000;

It contains 0 at position 8, indicating that there is no 8 in 6210001000;

It contains 0 at position 9, indicating that there is no 9 in 6210001000.

In different bases
There are no self-descriptive numbers in bases 2, 3 or 6. In bases 7 and greater, there is exactly one self-descriptive number: $$(b - 4)b^{b-1} + 2b^{b-2} + b^{b-3} + b^3$$, which has b−4 instances of the digit 0, two instances of the digit 1, one instance of the digit 2, one instance of digit b – 4, and no instances of any other digits. The following table lists some self-descriptive numbers in a few selected bases:

Properties
From the numbers listed in the table, it would seem that all self-descriptive numbers have digit sums equal to their base, and that they're multiples of that base. The first fact follows trivially from the fact that the digit sum equals the total number of digits, which is equal to the base, from the definition of self-descriptive number.

That a self-descriptive number in base b must be a multiple of that base (or equivalently, that the last digit of the self-descriptive number must be 0) can be proven by contradiction as follows: assume that there is in fact a self-descriptive number m in base b that is b-digits long but not a multiple of b. The digit at position b – 1 must be at least 1, meaning that there is at least one instance of the digit b – 1 in m. At whatever position x that digit b – 1 falls, there must be at least b – 1 instances of digit x in m. Therefore, we have at least one instance of the digit 1, and b – 1 instances of x. If x > 1, then m has more than b digits, leading to a contradiction of our initial statement. And if x = 0 or 1, that also leads to a contradiction.

It follows that a self-descriptive number in base b is a Harshad number in base b.

Autobiographical numbers
A generalization of the self-descriptive numbers, called the autobiographical numbers, allow fewer digits than the base, as long as the digits that are included in the number suffice to completely describe it. e.g. in base 10, 3211000 has 3 zeros, 2 ones, 1 two, and 1 three. Note that this depends on being allowed to include as many trailing zeros as suit, without them adding any further information about the other present digits.

Because leading zeros are not written down, every autobiographical number contains at least one zero, so that its first digit is nonzero.

Considering a hypothetical case where the digits are treated in the opposite order: the units is the count of zeros, the 10s the count of ones, and so on, there are no such self-describing numbers. Attempts to construct one result in an explosive requirement to add more and more digits.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Self-descriptive number


text:
User talk:Paul Riedesel

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Stolzes.jpg

The file File:Stolzes.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unused, unclear use/purpose"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Zinclithium (talk) 01:30, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

File:Stolzes.jpg listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Stolzes.jpg, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. ATTENTION : This is an automated, bot-generated message. This bot DID NOT nominate any file(s) for deletion; please refer to the page history of each individual file for details. Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 23:55, 18 July 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paul Riedesel


text:
West End Historic District (Dallas)

The West End Historic District of Dallas, Texas, is a historic district that includes a 67.5 acre area in northwest downtown, generally north of Commerce, east of I-35E, west of Lamar and south of the Woodall Rodgers Freeway. It is south of Victory Park, west of the Arts, City Center, and Main Street districts, and north of the Government and Reunion districts. A portion of the district is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as Westend Historic District. A smaller area is also a Dallas Landmark District. The far western part of the district belongs to the Dealey Plaza Historic District, a National Historic Landmark around structures and memorials associated with the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

History
The area that would become the West End originally consisted simply of a trading post, established by John Neely Bryan. In July 1872, the Houston & Texas Central Railroad arrived downtown, attracting manufacturing companies whose warehouses would come to define the architecture of the West End.

The district reached nationwide prominence in the 1960s, when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in a Presidential motorcade traveling through Dealey Plaza. While the assassination brought the attention to the West End, the district's economy still struggled, with many businesses leaving the city center for suburban locations.

As development changed downtown Dallas and older buildings were demolished, local developer Preston Carter Jr. began the revitalization of the West End in June 1976 in an effort to preserve its history. Old warehouses and other brick buildings were converted to restaurants and shops. In November 1978, the West End Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Today, over seven million people visit the West End annually, making it one of the city's leading tourist attractions. In recent years the area has suffered a decline. The West End Marketplace, a massive mall/entertainment complex, closed its doors on June 30, 2006. Due to the recent development of Victory Park, the main marketplace was redeveloped into an apartment and business complex.

Attractions

 * John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial
 * Old Red Museum
 * Dallas World Aquarium
 * Dallas Holocaust Museum/Center for Education & Tolerance
 * The Sixth Floor Museum, located in the Texas School Book Depository, the building from which Lee Harvey Oswald shot President John F. Kennedy according to the conclusions of four government investigations.

Light rail

 * DART:, , ,
 * West End Station

Education
The district is zoned to schools in the Dallas Independent School District.

Residents of the district south of Pacific are zoned to City Park Elementary School, Billy Earl Dade Middle School, and James Madison High School. Residents north of Pacific are zoned to Hope Medrano Elementary School, Thomas J. Rusk Middle School, and North Dallas High School.

Private schools

title: West End Historic District (Dallas)


text:
Morning Star flag

The Morning Star flag (Bendera Bintang Fajar or Bendera Bintang Kejora, Morgenstervlag) was a flag used in Netherlands New Guinea for official purposes in addition to the flag of the Netherlands. It was first raised on 1 December 1961. The territory would come under the administration of the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA) on 1 October 1962 and would be transferred to Indonesian control on 1 May 1963. Today, the flag represents the Republic of West Papua, a proposed country consisting of the Western New Guinea region, which is currently administered as part of Indonesia in the continent of Oceania.

The flag is used by the Free Papua Organization and other independence supporters. Under Papua's Special Autonomy Law, ratified in 2002, the flag may be raised in Western New Guinea (West Papua) region so long as the flag of Indonesia is also raised, with the latter raised higher than the Morning Star flag.

Design
The flag consists of a red vertical band along the hoist side, with a white five-pointed star in the center, and thirteen horizontal stripes, alternating blue and white, with seven blue stripes and six white ones. The seven blue stripes represent the seven customary territories of the region.

History
After territorial elections in February 1961, members of the New Guinea Council, a representative body consisting of 28 members, were sworn into office by Governor Dr. P.J. Platteel on 1 April 1961. The council's inauguration on 5 April 1961 was attended by representatives from Australia, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and other Pacific Forum nations except the United States. The council appointed a National Committee to draft a manifesto expressing the desire for independence, and to design a flag and anthem commensurate with this desire. The design of the flag is credited to Nicolaas Jouwe. The full New Guinea Council endorsed these actions on 30 October 1961, and the first Morning Star flag was presented to Governor Platteel on 31 October 1961. The Dutch authorities did not accept the denomination of the flag, recognising it as a territorial flag (landsvlag) not a national flag.

The flag was officially adopted by decree of the governor of Netherlands New Guinea of 18 November 1961 No. 362, published in the Gouvernementsblad van Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea 1961 No. 68.

An inauguration ceremony was held on 1 December 1961 with the flag officially raised for the first time outside the council's building in the presence of the governor together with the Dutch flag.

Modern use
On 1 July 1971 at Markas Victoria (Victoria Headquarters) in West Papua, Brigadier General Seth Jafeth Rumkorem, leader of the militant independence movement Free Papua Movement (Organisasi Papua Merdeka; OPM), proclaimed unilaterally Papua Barat or West Papua as an independent democratic republic. The Morning Star flag was declared as a national flag.

The Morning Star is flown by Papua independence movements and supporters across the world. Special ceremonies take place on 1 December of each year to commemorate the first flag raising in 1961. The flying of the Morning Star is seen by Indonesian authorities as advocating independence, challenging Indonesian sovereignty.

Two Papuan men, Filep Karma and Yusak Pakage, were sentenced to 15- and 10-year sentences for raising the flag in Jayapura in 2004. Pakage was released in 2010, having served five years of his term. Karma was released in November 2015 and allegedly suffered abuse at the hands of prison authorities during his incarceration. Amnesty International considered both men prisoners of conscience and designated Karma's case a 2011 "priority case". During celebrations of Papuan Flag Day in 2019, an unknown number of people were arrested for planning or carrying out celebrations of Papuan Flag Day, with sources reporting numbers from 34 to over 100 arrested. Many local governments in Papua have banned any form of activity commemorating the anniversary.

title: Morning Star flag


text:
Category:Wikipedia how-to

This category contains how-to guides for various Wikipedia processes and practices. To list a page in this category, do not edit this category page. Instead, edit the page you want to list, adding  at the bottom or add the template   at the top of the page. For the primary "help page", see Help:Contents or browse the Help menu or the Help directory.

title: Category:Wikipedia how-to


text: File:Let's Kill Music (The Cooper Temple Clause single - cover art).jpg


text:
Talk:Shakuhachi

Title
According to Manual of Style: "The first time the title is mentioned in the article, put it in bold using three apostrophes." No reason is given. Hyacinth 21:43, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

See: Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style--Alpha_Archive1. Hyacinth 21:51, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Pronunciation
The article currently describes the pronunciation as /shakoo-hatchee/. To avoid the potentially ambiguous "a"s in that pronunciation (i.e. is it "a" as in "faster" or as in "father"?), can this be clarified? Something like /shaw-koo-haw-chee/ makes more sense to my eyes/ears, but perhaps someone more skilled at phonetics can comment... --Ds13 07:34, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It is pronounced Sha (a as in Father.) ku (u with an oo sound like in "move" or "too") ha has the same vowel pronunciation as sha.  and chi is pronounced like the "chee" in "cheese".  Japanese vowel pronunciation is far simpler than in english.  A as in Father, E as in Edward, I as in "chEEse", O as in "go" and U as in "move".  The only major exception would be that AI sounds like the I in "like". If you say A and I together very quickly, it will have that I sound.  Also, each syllable is pronounced for an equal length of time. sha-ku-ha-chi.  Palehorse864 01:40, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

I have always been told it is /shaw-koo-haw-chee/. --Johanna451940 00:52, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

I pronounce it as /sha-ku-hat-chee/ with the hatchi like hatch. then "ee" at the end — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.0.55.75 (talk) 01:07, 20 April 2021 (UTC) Father Father 24.87.56.142 (talk) 21:18, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

Range
When they mean octave, are they talking about octaves in terms of western octave ranges? Also, for some reason, I found that many woodwin who do not hav eregister keys seem to be limited to octaves... 142.58.181.84 05:45, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Japanese IPA?
I've replaced the adhoc "pronunciation" guide with a simple IPA transcription based on what I thought it meant, but with the disclaimer that the guide only applied to the word's usage in English. Is there anyone with a knowledge of Japanese phonology that could add an IPA transcription of the word's pronunciation in Japanese? --Krsont 02:10, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Shakuhachi musical notation
A new article has been created: shakuhachi musical notation. Please improve! --Ds13 17:49, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Internal Contradiction
The article text includes the entry:

''A recorder player .. has limited pitch control. The shakuhachi player .. has substantial pitch control.''

Perhaps someone (having more familiarity with the instrument than I have) could adjust the text?

--Philopedia 12:50, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

Integrated & removed "Trivia" section
Got rid of that nearly year-old warning in the article about having a "Trivia" section. There was one piece of uncited trivia that I did not include it in the revision. It is here, if anyone wishes to make it verifiable and put it in an appropriate section such as "History".

 * ... It is said that in the medieval era there was also a martial art based around using a shakuhachi to defeat a swordsman. This is not entirely implausible, as the root end of a piece of bamboo (especially one with some root remnants intact) is extremely tough and heavy, making it effective as a blunt weapon. Further, many komusō were actually ronin, who would have been willing and able to learn a new martial art for protection if nothing else. ...

--Ds13 (talk) 17:37, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Euphemism
"Shakuhachi" is also a commonly used euphemism for fellatio, the derivation being obvious. That is, something like "blowjob" in english. Surely worth mentioning if a proper citation can be found....

maybe there is a japanese urban dictionary somewhere. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.234.184.122 (talk) 00:58, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

Came from Korea?
The author wrote "The bamboo flute first came to Japan from China via Korea.". The record of the oldest bamboo flute in Japan concerns Prince Shōtoku (573–621). And there is no record that his bamboo flute came from Korea. What are grounds that his bamboo flute came from Korea? --SENBEI-Monster (talk) 04:57, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

Clarity
1. "Professionla players can get any pitch..." - How does getting paid affect your ability to get a pitch? "Professional" should be changed to "skilled".

2. "Much of the shakuhachi's subtlety (and player's skill) lies in its rich tone colouring, and the ability for its variation." - What are you trying to say here? How does (a) subtletly, or (b) a player's skill, lie in a characteristic of an instument? Neither makes sense. And what does the statement fragment "the ability for its variation" mean, and refer to? With or without the preceding comma it makes no sense. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.231.227.103 (talk) 00:30, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

New shakuhachi forum; add in?
On a lot of instrument pages, it seems common to add a link to a discussion forum, particularly if there's one key one in the community vice smaller feuding ones. It appears that http://www.shakuhachiforum.eu has become the primary shakuhachi forum, so does anyone object to adding it? MatthewVanitas (talk) 16:12, 4 July 2011 (UTC)

Synthesized shakuhachi
An impressive list, but aren't some of those examples samples - effectively just recordings of real Shakuhachi? Happypoems (talk) 16:29, 3 November 2012 (UTC)

Is there any evidence to back up the claim that "Sequent C" by Tangerine Dream features a "Shakuhachi"? TD mainly used analog synthesizers in that era which did not, generally, have specific presets like that. They also used the Mellotron which is essentially an analog, tape-based sampler which you *could* record new tapes for but the flute sound on that track does not really sound like a Mellotron at all. A google search does not provide any proof either, except for a website stating the same thing without explanation. The mention of "Yellowstone Park" from "Le Parc" seems entirely correct. It may well be the very same synth patch used by Dire Straits and Peter Gabriel. But "Sequent C" seems highly doubtful. 94.114.101.29 (talk) 11:58, 20 November 2016 (UTC)

Why is this such a dominant feature in the article? VariousDeliciousCheeses (talk) 15:50, 12 January 2021 (UTC)

 * I was wondering the same thing. Overall, I find that there's a lot of information in this article about the shakuhachi outside of Japan, including its mastery by non-Japanese masters, use by western composers, and appearance in popular culture. It seems to me that this content is disproportionate to the information about the shakuhachi in its traditional and contemporary Japanese contexts, including its use within Japanese popular culture and by contemporary Japanese composers. CBFraoch (talk) 16:30, 19 July 2021 (UTC)

Japanese-script name's gone a bit wrong...
I have Japanese fonts installed on my system, but the kanji rendering of the flute's name comes up as "尺八Chi ba" ... this, obviously, cannot be right. If I delve into the history and find that it isn't some strange case of vandalism that can be reverted, can someone else more knowledgeable fix it for us? 87.112.66.153 (talk) 16:13, 12 May 2013 (UTC)

Example recording, oh dear lord...
OK, it's nice and long, and better than no example at all, but is there seriously no higher quality version available, other than a scratchy, pathologically resonant, over-compressed 80kbit encoding of a more than 80-year-old 78rpm shellac disc? It sounded like Sinclair Spectrum program data recorded on a damaged tape at times, which clashes badly with what I understood the sound of the instrument to be. Surely there must be a decent, clean copy out there that's still old enough to be public domain (or, maybe some kind Shakuhachi-owning wikipedian can make their own CC-compliant version?) ... and if server storage space is at a premium, perhaps a shorter clip at a higher encoding quality might be preferable to one that's several minutes long and has to be encoded at a lower rate as a result? 87.112.66.153 (talk) 16:18, 12 May 2013 (UTC)

Roger Waters album Radio K.A.O.S.
On the Roger Waters album, Radio K.A.O.S., Waters is credited with shakuhachi as well as keyboards. If the "shak" wasn't the real instrument, don't you think that would fall under "keyboards"? Also, it wouldn't be the only "blown" instrument Waters plays; he plays trumpet and clarinet (not especially well, but competently). So, I don't think the shak was synthesized, and therefore does not belong on that list.

--Ben Culture (talk) 02:54, 22 May 2015 (UTC)

Jim Franklyn
Who is this guy? Is it necessary to mention him and link his own website?

1959 short recording of "a Buddhist priest goes from door to door playing his shakuhachi" - from The Internet Archive
Here: --Tibet Nation (talk) 04:42, 24 April 2020 (UTC)

Usage in Jazz
While this article seems to be a mess overall (what with the above mentioned awful audio example & inclusion of what appears to be self-promotion), I find the jazz section to be particularly painful as it glosses over what may be 80 years' worth of the instrument's inclusion in the genre in favor of 3 sentences about that one guy from the Violent Femmes starting a band in 2004, even ignoring that he's apparently had a teaching license since the year prior. I have, in my personal listening experience, found compositions built around the use of the Shakuhachi to be similar enough in their stylings that the practice would likely fall into its own category if given enough academic attention. I'm not a frequent editor on this site, and am especially not accustomed to researching jazz music in this context, but if anyone is (or if anyone who comes across this KNOWS someone who is) there's definitely some exploring to be done. Here is an album recorded in 1970 to start with, and here is a contemporary release. Here is an NPR article mentioning that its singular style is already recognized within the jazz collecting community. VariousDeliciousCheeses (talk) 14:18, 12 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shakuhachi


text:
Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza

The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza is a museum located on the sixth floor of the Dallas County Administration Building, formerly the Texas School Book Depository, in downtown Dallas, Texas, overlooking Dealey Plaza at the intersection of Elm and Houston Streets. The museum examines the life, times, death, and legacy of United States President John F. Kennedy, and the life of Lee Harvey Oswald, as well as the various conspiracy theories surrounding the assassination.

The museum's exhibition area uses historic films, photographs, artifacts, and interpretive displays to document the events of the assassination, the reports by government investigations that followed, and the historical legacy of the tragedy. The museum is self-sufficient in funding, relying solely on donations and ticket sales. It rents the space from the County of Dallas.

The museum was founded by the Dallas County Historical Foundation. It opened on Presidents' Day, February 20, 1989.

A museum webcam features a live view from the sixth floor sniper's nest. It is not meant to glorify the shooting in any way.

In December 1999, the Zapruder family donated the copyright to the Zapruder film to The Sixth Floor Museum, along with one of the first-generation copies made on November 22, 1963, and other copies of the film. The Zapruder family no longer retains any copyrights to the film, which are now controlled entirely by the museum. The original camera negative is in the possession of the National Archives and Records Administration.

In February 2007, the previously unreleased 8 mm film footage of Kennedy's motorcade, donated to the museum by George Jefferies and his son-in-law, was shown publicly for the first time. The 40-second film, silent and in color, showed the motorcade before the assassination, as well as part of Dealey Plaza the following day. The Jefferies film was described as capturing "a beaming Jacqueline Kennedy," as well as showing Kennedy's suit jacket bunched-up in the back at that moment, about two minutes before Kennedy entered Dealey Plaza.

Over the years, the museum has offered exhibits, access to a catalog of some 2,500 oral history recordings and speaker events with book authors and other prominent figures related to JFK, Oswald and the historic and cultural significance of the infamous presidential visit. For the 60th anniversary in November 2023, it offered some timely speaker programs. Its "JFK Was Here" banners to highlight the historical significance of places along the 1963 motorcade route from Love Field (airport) to Dealey Plaza were met with mixed reactions about reminders of the city's dark and painful day.

title: Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza


text:
Joseph Katz (Soviet agent)

Joseph Katz (1912—2004) worked for Soviet intelligence from the 1930s to the late 1940s as one of its most active liaison agents. Katz was assigned management of the "First Line," that part of the NKGB mission aimed at recruiting selected members of the Communist Party USA. He was an agent/group leader (gruppovik) and co-owner of a Soviet front company that manufactured gloves.

The Venona project suggests he may have been implicated, along with Amadeo Sabatini, in the murder of Walter Krivitsky in 1941. After the death of Jacob Golos in November 1943, spotting and recruitment was taken over by Katz by mid–1944, while Elizabeth Bentley continued as manager and courier. Katz was extremely active at this time. Katz was known to Elizabeth Bentley as "Jack".

In 1944, Katz was put in charge of handling agent recruitments from the New York City TASS office headed by Vladimir Pravdin, former rezident of the NKGB in New York. And in September 1944 Katz was freed of other liaisons (operations) and was assigned to work directly under Washington D.C. Rezident Anatoli Gromov. Gromov came to the United States to implement a new security program of isolating agents from each other by a complicated arrangement of cutouts.

Katz and Bentley's operations in New York and Washington were very extensive. Bentley would eventually name more than 80 individuals who were providing information to Soviet intelligence from a dozen government institutions.

Katz informed Bentley at their first meeting in October 1944 that Gromov had been sent to the United States to improve security of NKGB operations. One aspect of this modernization was to have Bentley turn over to NKGB control all of her agents not previously surrendered to NKGB officers.

After Bentley's defection Katz was assigned the task of killing her. Anatoly Gorsky sent a memorandum to Moscow about Elizabeth Bentley. Allen Weinstein has pointed out: "Gorsky discussed and rejected in his November 27 memo a variety of options: shooting Bentley (too noisy), arranging a car or subway accident (too risky), and faking a suicide (too chancy). In connection with the last option, Gorsky noted that he had selected agent "X" (Joseph Katz) for the task of eliminating Bentley... In the end, Gorsky decided that a slow-acting poison should be administered to Bentley, something "X" could place on a pillow or handkerchief or in her food."

Gorsky warned NKVD headquarters that Joseph Katz was not in good health and that Bentley might cause him problems as she was "a very strong, tall and healthy woman, and 'X' was not feeling well lately". Eventually Gorsky was told that: "No measures should be taken with regard to (Bentley)." Gorsky was informed that it had been decided that Lavrentiy Beria would deal with Bentley. However, on 16 August 1947, Katz met the NKVD station chief in Paris to discuss the elimination of Bentley. It was reported that Katz was willing to take the assignment but at the last minute it was decided to abandon the idea.

Katz moved to Western Europe to form a company for covering the illegal courier line between Europe and U.S. Katz lived in France from 1948 to 1951 then moved to Israel. His code names in the Venona project are "X" and "Informer".

title: Joseph Katz (Soviet agent)


text:
National Institute for Environmental eScience

The National Institute for Environmental eScience (NIEeS) was a collaboration between Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the University of Cambridge. It was established in July 2002 and in addition to its main role of promoting and supporting the use of e-Science and grid technologies within the field of environmental research, its purpose was to:

 * Train scientists in environmental eScience
 * Demonstrate environmental eScience
 * Help develop the environmental eScience community
 * Aid collaborations between scientists and industries

It was intended as a national resource to be "owned by the whole community". The website remains available; however, the contract for the project ended in August 2008.


text:
Let's Kill Music

"Let's Kill Music" is the first widely available Cooper Temple Clause single, entering at #41 in the UK Singles Chart, and the first to have a promo video.

Track listings

 * CD1
 * 1) "Let's Kill Music"
 * 2) "Panzer Attack (Dirty Sanchez mix)"
 * 3) "Let's Kill Music" (video)

 * CD2
 * 1) "Let's Kill Music"
 * 2) "My Darling (Nasty Angel)"
 * 3) "Let's Kill Music (Dirty Sanchez mix)"

 * 7"
 * 1) "Let's Kill Music"
 * 2) "Girl Ink Age"

 * 12" remixes
 * 1) "Let's Kill Music"
 * 2) "Panzer Attack (Dirty Sanchez mix)"
 * 3) "Let's Kill Music (Dirty Sanchez mix)"

 * Japanese edition
 * 1) "Let's Kill Music"
 * 2) "My Darling (Nasty Angel)"
 * 3) "Let's Kill Music (Dirty Sanchez mix)"
 * 4) "Panzer Attack (Dirty Sanchez mix)"

title: Let's Kill Music


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/June 7, 2005


text:
User talk:Kristjan Wager

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

lots of issues | leave me a message 21:46, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much for the welcome.--Kristjan Wager 22:27, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

W. Mark Felt
Salve! I nominated W. Mark Felt as a WP:FAC. As you commented on the article's talk page, I'd appreciate your comments at Featured article candidates/W. Mark Felt/archive1. PedanticallySpeaking 14:55, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

AfD nomination of David Ayoub
An article that you have been involved in editing, David Ayoub, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/David Ayoub. Thank you. Sideshow Bob Roberts 20:05, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

ShamanDhia
Please reconsider your delete vote as per recent revisions and discussions. Note: This debate has been included in the list of Visual arts-related deletion discussions. —the Hitochi Princess (talk) 14:17, 13 March 2008 (UTC)ShamanDhia Thank You!!! 161.38.223.246 (talk) 15:46, 13 March 2008 (UTC)ShamanDhia

User Page
"These days, I most develop in ASP.NET, using C# and SQL,...". Is wrong English. May be you can say "These days, I mostly work in..." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.230.150.178 (talk) 15:57, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:02, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kristjan Wager


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/May 31, 2005

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was: Speedy deleted by User:Shanes. Kappa 20:36, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

May 31, 2005
Page should be deleted because this page is redundant. See May 2005. Splintercellguy 21:46, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * delete really pointless--Doc (?) 22:06, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * We've got May 31 and May 2005 already and this belongs in Deep Throat (sp?) or Mark Felt anyway. Delete. Mgm|(talk) 23:18, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. DS1953 23:31, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete duplication. JamesBurns 04:15, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete. I'm deleting it now. Shanes 05:12, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Hydra (mythology)

From WP:RfD:

 * Hydra (mythology) → Lernaean Hydra -- Delete because no one will ever accidentally stumble upon "Hydra (mythology)". There are no links to it, and Hydra is already a disambig page with a link to Lernaean Hydra. Tufflaw 00:35, May 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, but I can easily see someone typing in Hydra when they are writing another article. (Trust me, plenty of people don't search, or don't bother to check that their links link to what they think they link to - I've fixed too many duplicate pages, and links to disambig pages...) Seems harmless enough, why not prevent creation of a duplicate article? Noel (talk) 01:25, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed - strong keep. Foo (mythology) is the standard disambiguator for mythology articles, and relevant redirects with that parenthetical should always be kept.  -Sean Curtin 01:09, May 28, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hydra (mythology)


text:
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial

The John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial is a monument to United States President John Fitzgerald Kennedy in the West End Historic District of downtown Dallas, Texas (USA) erected in 1970, and designed by noted architect Philip Johnson.

Design
The John F. Kennedy Memorial was the first memorial by famed American architect and Kennedy family friend Philip Johnson, and was approved by Jacqueline Kennedy. Johnson called it "a place of quiet refuge, an enclosed place of thought and contemplation separated from the city around, but near the sky and earth." Dallas raised $200,000 for the memorial by August 1964, entirely from 50,000 individual donations contributed by private citizens.

Plaza
The simple concrete memorial lies in the block bounded by Main, Record, Commerce, and Market Streets, approximately 200 yd east of Dealey Plaza, where Kennedy was assassinated. The block, also known as the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial Plaza, is in downtown Dallas near the Historic West End district, is owned by Dallas County.

Cenotaph
Philip Johnson's design is a cenotaph, or empty tomb, that symbolizes the freedom of Kennedy's spirit. The memorial is a square, roofless room, 30 ft tall and 50 by square with two narrow openings facing north and south. The walls consist of 72 white precast concrete columns, most of which end 29 in above the earth. Eight columns (two in each corner) extend to the ground, acting as legs that support the monument. Each column ends in a light fixture. At night, the lights create the illusion that the structure is supported by the light itself. The corners and "doors" of this roofless room are decorated with rows of concrete circles, or medallions, each identical and perfectly aligned. These decorations introduce the circular shape into the square architecture of the Kennedy Memorial.

The cenotaph lies atop a low concrete hill, embossed with squares and slightly elevated compared to street level. Inside is a low block of dark granite, 8 ft square, set into a larger shallow depression. The granite square is decorated on its north and south faces with the name "John Fitzgerald Kennedy" carved in gold letters. It is too empty to be a base, too short to be a table, but too square to be a tomb. The letters have been painted gold to capture the light from the white floating column walls and the pale concrete floor. These words – three words of a famous name – are the only verbal messages in the empty room.

Epitaph
Two dark granite squares are set in the plaza surrounding the memorial, each approximately 50 ft from the narrow entrances to the cenotaph. They are each inscribed with an epitaph that reads:

History
Dallas County Judge Lew Sterrett was credited as the first to propose a monument to Kennedy on November 24, 1963, two days after the assassination. The concept became a formal proposal on December 2, when Sterrett formed the John F. Kennedy Citizens Memorial Committee with Mayor Earle Cabell and two dozen prominent Dallas citizens. However, other Dallas civic leaders, including former mayor R.L. Thornton, said the memorial was better placed in Washington D.C., attempting to distance Dallas from the infamy it had gained as the assassination site. The Committee solicited designs for a memorial after its formation; 260 proposals were received within a week, and 700 proposals were received by February 1964.

On February 5, 1964, the Committee, led by W. Dawson Sterling, announced it had met for a fifth time to narrow down the proposals to three or four finalists. On February 22, 1964, the Committee announced that two memorials would be created: one at the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston, and another "dignified and modest memorial near the assassination site". The location near the Old Red Courthouse was chosen in April 1964. The original location, announced as the block bounded by Main, Elm, Record, and Market Streets, was shifted to another plaza one block south bounded by Main, Record, Market, and Commerce. Both plazas were owned by Dallas County and were being prepared as part of the new Dallas County Court House, then under construction. By September, the concept for the Kennedy Plaza included a green space with a modest marker.

Committee member Stanley Marcus flew to New York and successfully asked Philip Johnson to take on the memorial design, which he did for no fee. Johnson's proposal model was shown to the Committee in December 1964, and the Committee formally announced the design on December 12, hoping to demolish the existing buildings and have the memorial ready by November 1968, the fifth anniversary of the assassination. An underground parking facility was built under the memorial site, however, and construction did not start until 1969. The Committee stated in June 1969 the memorial was being constructed for a reasonable fee and would be dedicated by January 1, 1970. It was finally dedicated on June 24, 1970 in a ceremony attended by 300 people. Sargent Shriver was the first Kennedy family member to visit the memorial in 1972.

Management
The memorial was vandalized with graffiti in the spring of 1999. In mid 1999, The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza undertook management of the memorial, rallying the support of Dallas County and the City of Dallas. The Museum became caretaker of the monument and launched a full-scale restoration project aimed at preserving the memorial and its history. Philip Johnson, the original architect for the monument, guided the restoration process implemented by Corgan Associates, Inc. and Phoenix I Restoration and Construction, Lt. Numerous local suppliers donated the labor, materials, and equipment required to return the memorial to its original beauty. In 2000, a panel of experts wrote an explanation of the memorial to satisfy the public.

The monument attracts approximately 500,000 visitors annually.

Critical reception
Soon after the Kennedy Memorial was completed, Gary Cartwright wrote in 1971 for The New York Times the "memorial seems esthetically spare, even forbidding", true to the concept proposed by Johnson. In a 1999 interview with The Washington Post, Johnson confirmed the concept: "I don't think it's sterile, of course. I love it. The idea of going into an empty room with nothing to help you, except to think about the slain president, I think that's a very moving image." Cartwright also noted the memorial "was erected, after much delay, by the city fathers of Dallas."

Architectural critic Witold Rybczynski wrote in 2006 that the monument is "poorly done", likening its precast concrete slab walls to "mammoth Lego blocks", and commented that Kennedy "deserved better than this". On the 50th anniversary of Kennedy's assassination, Dallas Morning News architecture critic Mark Lamster called the monument "a disappointing product of the city's ambivalent response to the events of November 1963" and said that Johnson lacked "an animating vision that might have produced an inspiring design. This, in turn, was compounded by a lack of experience". Lamster also noted the similarities between Johnson's design and the unrealized Neue Wache redesign proposal for a war memorial in Berlin, created in 1930 by Mies van der Rohe.

Los Angeles Times architecture critic Christopher Hawthorne echoed these prior criticisms in 2013, stating the memorial "symbolizes the city's deep ambivalence about commemorating the assassination. A spare cenotaph, or open tomb, designed to be built in marble, it was instead cast in cheaper concrete. And its location east of the assassination site suggested an effort to tuck the history of that day away."

title: John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial


text: Wikipedia:POTD/June 7, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/June 7, 2005


text:
User talk:Jared81

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Zocky 21:48, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Linkbot integrated into article editing
Hi Jared81, I've just left you a message at User_talk:Nickj/Link_Suggester. All the best, Nickj (t) 06:35, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Avalanche
You're welcome! --Light current 13:33, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

Proposal pending at 9/11 conspiracy theories
I have officially proposed to split the 9/11 conspiracy theories article, with the two most in depth areas being moved to separate articles at Allegations of Jewish or Israeli complicity in 9/11 and Allegations of U.S. government complicity in 9/11. I feel this will help alleviate the problem of the main article being too large and allow these two distinct concepts to be discussed in depth separately. Further division may be in order in the future, but I feel this is an important first step. Please check out the discussion at Talk:9/11_conspiracy_theories. Thank you. Blackcats 05:48, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

"Agita" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agita&redirect=no Agita] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. WP scatter t/c 20:35, 28 May 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jared81


text:
Serravalle

Serravalle (Italian, meaning "place where the valley narrows", and less often meaning "a fortification") may refer to:

Municipalities

 * Serravalle a Po, in the province of Mantua
 * Serravalle di Chienti, in the province of Macerata
 * Serravalle Langhe, in the province of Cuneo
 * Serravalle Pistoiese, in the province of Pistoia; the commune also includes the frazioni of Serravalle Scalo and Ponte di Serravalle
 * Serravalle Scrivia, in the province of Alessandria
 * Serravalle Sesia, in the province of Vercelli
 * Castello di Serravalle, a frazione of Valsamoggia in the Metropolitan City of Bologna

Other places

 * Serravalle (Vittorio Veneto), a district of Vittorio Veneto
 * Serravalle, a small settlement in the commune of Ala, Trentino
 * Serravalle, a small settlement in the commune of Asti, Piedmont
 * Serravalle, a small settlement in the commune of Berra, Emilia-Romagna
 * Serravalle, a small settlement in the commune of Bibbiena, Tuscany
 * Serravalle, Buonconvento, a small settlement in the commune of Buonconvento, Tuscany
 * Serravalle, a small settlement in the commune of Filattiera, Tuscany
 * Serravalle, a small settlement in the commune of Norcia, Umbria
 * Serravalle, a small settlement in the commune of Ortonovo, Liguria
 * Serravalle, a small settlement in the commune of Piasco, Piedmont
 * Serravalle, a small settlement in the commune of Varano de' Melegari, Emilia-Romagna
 * Casali di Serravalle, a small settlement in the commune of Norcia, Umbria
 * Serravalle di Carda, a small settlement in the commune of Apecchio, Marche
 * Valdara di Serravalle, a small settlement in the commune of Apecchio, Marche
 * Castle of Serravalle, a medieval castle in Bosa, Sardinia

San Marino

 * Serravalle, San Marino, a sanmarinese castello

Switzerland

 * Serravalle, Switzerland, a municipality in the canton of Ticino

People with the surname

 * Giovanni da Serravalle (1350–1445), Italian Franciscan and humanist

title: Serravalle


text:
User talk:Imaginer~enwiki

JFW | T@lk  21:51, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Imaginer. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Imaginer~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:41, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:01, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Imaginer~enwiki


text:
Talk:CargoLifter

(31 January 2007) Name given to small scale airship that was built and flown corrected to "Joey". This was a one-eighth (linear) scaled model of the intended full scale envelope.--Sarnian51 10:10, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Untitled
I removed the following sections

(statutory: "development, building, enterprise and marketing from large airships to the world-wide transport of large and heavy goods".)

Built for this purpose in the brandenburgischen Briesen fire the largest support-free designed resounds (see also airship hangar) to the world. This resounds with the name Aerium is 360 x 210 x 107 m (length x broad x height). The Eiffelturm would find lying therein to place. Those resounds served as if throw-resounds. (52°02'15 "N 13°44'55" O) (http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/?params=52_02_15_N_13_44_55_E) This seems to have been translated from Germany with a lack of colloquial understanding. I'm not sure what the word 'resound' should be.

 * 'resound' is a borked translation. It should really say hall. A rough translation of the paragraph above: "For this purpose, the world's largest hall without support beams was build in Briesen-Brand, Brandenburg. This hall called Aerium has a size of 360 x 210 x 107 m. The Eiffel tower would fit in there (if it was lying). This hall served as a dockyard." Rl 22:14, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Current state
Ich spreche keine Deustche, but Google Translator on in the Cargolifter site tells me that they are trying to get up again. But they lost the hangar, didn't they? What is the current state then?
 * I've added their new state (I'm German).

Blacklisted Links Found on the Main Page
Cyberbot II has detected that page contains external links that have either been globally or locally blacklisted. Links tend to be blacklisted because they have a history of being spammed, or are highly innappropriate for Wikipedia. This, however, doesn't necessarily mean it's spam, or not a good link. If the link is a good link, you may wish to request whitelisting by going to the request page for whitelisting. If you feel the link being caught by the blacklist is a false positive, or no longer needed on the blacklist, you may request the regex be removed or altered at the blacklist request page. If the link is blacklisted globally and you feel the above applies you may request to whitelist it using the before mentioned request page, or request its removal, or alteration, at the request page on meta. When requesting whitelisting, be sure to supply the link to be whitelisted and wrap the link in nowiki tags. The whitelisting process can take its time so once a request has been filled out, you may set the invisible parameter on the tag to true. Please be aware that the bot will replace removed tags, and will remove misplaced tags regularly.

Below is a list of links that were found on the main page:

 * http://www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/cargolifter/
 * Triggered by  on the local blacklist

If you would like me to provide more information on the talk page, contact User:Cyberpower678 and ask him to program me with more info.

From your friendly hard working bot.— cyberbot II NotifyOnline 09:25, 3 April 2014 (UTC)

✅ This issue has been resolved, and I have therefore removed the tag, if not already done. No further action is necessary.— cyberbot II NotifyOnline 20:24, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on CargoLifter. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060826002351/http://www.boeing.com:80/news/releases/2002/q3/nr_020730m.html to http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2002/q3/nr_020730m.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:40, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

Kind of written like an ad
"offer logistical services through point-to point transport of heavy and outsized loads" and "selling lighter than air technology" sounds more like what you'd hear in an earnings call than an encyclopedia. Akeosnhaoe (talk) 18:47, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:CargoLifter


text:
Talk:Soft power

Concensus
Isn't it another name for concensus (of mutual interest) ? What we present as soft power for years is just the promise of the slap, and the guarantee the actor will get it no matter what if he doesn't comply. This notion should be updated.

Originally it s the benefice of a mutual culture or goal over self-interest, but now ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.208.11.146 (talk) 11:31, 5 October 2019 (UTC)

Where is india
Why are you not including india as example of soft power Doom marauder (talk) 06:59, 30 April 2020 (UTC)

Including China's soft power rankings in China sub-section
Creating this talk section because an editor reverted my changes. I had included the soft power rankings of China in the China section - the same rankings that are already cited in the lead section. I've listed the same rankings in the China soft power Wiki page, and nobody there raised any objection.

The reason given for the removal was "Reinstating sourced edition". However, that content is already well sourced! These rankings are considered important and often cited in the media too.

I suggest that it be included in the China section of this page. Honoredebalzac345 (talk) 20:44, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

 * I restored your text describing the US as the only soft power superpower. That edit is good, sourced to the Brand Finance PDF. Looks that material got caught in the cross-hairs of a different edit war. Binksternet (talk) 23:15, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

Thanks. Although do you mean my text on China rankings? I didn't add the US soft power superpower statement, it was already there. Honoredebalzac345 (talk) 09:33, 12 August 2020 (UTC)

India
They are few errors in india section on the example of soft power.First of all most of the mathematical contribution done by india didn't had their origin in India.For example concept trigonometry, geometry and algebra was first developed by ancient Greeks, astronomy has its origin in Babylon.If you have any problem with it check the Wiki page of history of algebra, geometry, trigonometry etc.. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Obiwana (talk • contribs) 13:57, 29 December 2022 (UTC)

Why not mention scientific achievement of other countries only india
It's note to upload scientific achievement of other countries not only india — Preceding unsigned comment added by Obiwana (talk • contribs) 14:12, 29 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Soft power


text:
Talk:1AC

NPOV
This reads like an actual debate that took place for a class - might be salvagable provided references to "my partner and I" and whatnot were removed, but in its current form it is not appropiate for Wikipedia. StopTheFiling 23:50, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * This reads more like a how-to anyway. Perhaps it should go to VfD anyway. --Dmcdevit 07:57, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * To be honest I'm not sure what this is supposed to be about in the first place, which is why I didn't go that route right away -- however I'm thinking about doing just that. I'll wait and see if anything changes first.  StopTheFiling 17:21, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)  I see now, it's a how-to on a certain kind of debate style - what I said still stands though - I'll remove the neutrality notice and put some other notice there.  StopTheFiling 17:24, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

I think this page should be deleted entirely. I tried to edit it down because of excess information about the format of a sample speech, but the existing policy debate page should cover it. There is also a problem because policy debate is not the only form of debate which uses the label 1AC. Would be easier just to gut it. Tfine80 18:49, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a how-to book. An article on the 1AC shouldn't be used by novice debators to hone up their skills, just like an article on Basketball shouldn't be used by athletes to hone up their skills. If we want to write a wiki book on how to do policy debate, let's do it in wikibooks (seriously, I've been considering it for some time). Besides, 1AC is a slang of sorts, and should be treated as such. I think the article should say what a 1AC is, maybe give some history on it, explain different types (e.g. spreading vs. performance), explain format and style, and maybe give a few examples. That's just my idea. But whatever it does, it should strongly reference both LD and Policy debate, because they both have 1AC's. Staeiou 22:37, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

HoCkEy_PUCK Remember that Wikipedia is meant to be an online encyclopedia. There is nothing wrong with adding information on slang topics. Encyclopedias can refrence slang topics because they are not limited strictly to words as dictionaries are. Leaving this article does no harm to anybody, and may be of help to upcoming debators (the reference to a sport is absurd in this manner; you don't research a sport, you play it, whereas you learn half of formalized debate by learning the rules). Kindly at least leave the original article intact. This article has been revised to the first revision to the original article. --HoCkEy_PUCK

Merge
I put a merge tag back on this page. Policy debate covers this issue both in detail, and in context. This page is a confusing mixture of detail, "how to", and example, and I think the comments noted in the history file are good evidence of that.

Additionally, I found this article while slugging it out in the Dead-end pages. Nothing links here, and a redirect to Policy debate would direct any interest to a more complete collection of information. Bookandcoffee 01:14, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Done.--Bookandcoffee(Leave msg.) 03:41, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:1AC


text:
Geordie lamp

The Geordie lamp was a safety lamp for use in flammable atmospheres, invented by George Stephenson in 1815 as a miner's lamp to prevent explosions due to firedamp in coal mines.

Origin
In 1815, Stephenson was the engine-wright at the Killingworth Colliery in Northumberland and had been experimenting for several years with candles close to firedamp emissions in the mine. In August, he ordered an oil lamp, which was delivered on 21 October and tested by him in the mine in the presence of explosive gases. He improved this over several weeks with the addition of capillary tubes at the base so that it gave more light, and tried new versions on 4 and 30 November. This was presented to the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne (Lit & Phil) on 5 December 1815.

Although controversy arose between Stephenson's design and the Davy lamp (invented by Humphry Davy in the same year), Stephenson's original design worked on significantly different principles from Davy's final design. If the lamp were sealed except for a restricted air ingress (and a suitably sized chimney) then the presence of dangerous amounts of firedamp in the incoming air would (by its combustion) reduce the oxygen concentration inside the lamp so much that the flame would be extinguished. Stephenson had convinced himself of the validity of this approach by his experiments with candles near lit blowers: as lit candles were placed upwind of the blower, the blower flame grew duller; with enough upwind candles, the blower flame went out.

To guard against the possibility of a flame travelling back through the incoming gases (an explosive backblast), air ingress was by a number of small-bore tubes through which the ingress air flowed at a higher velocity than the velocity of a flame fueled by a mixture of firedamp (mostly methane) and air. These ingress tubes were physically separate from the exhaust chimney. The body of the lamp was lengthened to give the flame a greater convective draw, and thus allow a greater inlet flow restriction and make the lamp less sensitive to air currents. The lamp itself was surrounded by glass, which had an additional perforated metal tube surrounding it for protection. Davy had originally attempted a safety lamp on similar principles, before preferring to enclose the flame inside a brass gauze cylinder; he had publicly identified the importance of allowing the restricted airflow in through small orifices (in which the flame velocity is lower) before Stephenson had, and he and his adherents remained convinced that Stephenson had not made this discovery independently. Later on, Stephenson adopted Davy's gauze to surround the lamp (instead of the perforated metal tube) and the intake tubes were changed to holes or a gallery at the base of the lamp. It was this revised design that was used for most of the 19th century as the Geordie lamp.

One advantage of Stephenson's initial design over Davy's was that if the proportion of firedamp became too high, his lamp would be extinguished, whereas Davy's lamp could become dangerously hot. This was illustrated in the Oaks colliery at Barnsley on 20 August 1857 where both types of lamp were in use.

Stephenson's design also allowed better light output as it used glass to surround the flame, which cut out less of the light than Davy's, where the gauze surrounded it. But this also posed the danger of breakage in the harsh conditions of mineworking, a problem which was not resolved until the invention of safety glass.

The Geordie lamp continued to be used in the north-east of England through most of the 19th century, until the introduction of electric lighting.

title: Geordie lamp


text:
User:Link077

My name is Christopher Bruton. I'm a geophysics student at the University of Calgary in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. I enjoy playing piano, racquetball, and rhythm games, including In the Groove. I like to read, and my favourite authors include Margaret Atwood and Jorge Luis Borges.

title: User:Link077


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/June 6, 2005


text: Wikipedia:POTD/June 6, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/June 6, 2005


text:
JFFS2

Journalling Flash File System version 2 or JFFS2 is a log-structured file system for use with flash memory devices. It is the successor to JFFS. JFFS2 has been included into the Linux kernel since September 23, 2001, when it was merged into the Linux kernel mainline as part of the kernel version 2.4.10 release. JFFS2 is also available for a few bootloaders, like Das U-Boot, Open Firmware, the eCos RTOS, the RTEMS RTOS, and the RedBoot. Most prominent usage of the JFFS2 comes from OpenWrt.

At least three file systems have been developed as JFFS2 replacements: LogFS, UBIFS, and YAFFS.

Features
JFFS2 introduced:
 * Support for NAND flash devices. This involved a considerable amount of work as NAND devices have a sequential I/O interface and cannot be memory-mapped for reading.
 * Hard links. This was not possible in JFFS because of limitations in the on-disk format.
 * Compression. Five algorithms are available: zlib, rubin, lzma, rtime, and lzo.
 * Better performance. JFFS treated the disk as a purely circular log.  This generated a great deal of unnecessary I/O.  The garbage collection algorithm in JFFS2 makes this mostly unnecessary.

Design
As with JFFS, changes to files and directories are "logged" to flash in nodes, of which there are two types: As with JFFS, nodes start out as valid when they are created, and become obsolete when a newer version has been created elsewhere.
 * inodes: a header with file metadata, followed by a payload of file data (if any). Compressed payloads are limited to one page.
 * dirent nodes: directory entries each holding a name and an inode number. Hard links are represented as different names with the same inode number. The special inode number 0 represents an unlink.

Unlike JFFS, however, there is no circular log. Instead, JFFS2 deals in blocks, a unit the same size as the erase segment of the flash medium. Blocks are filled, one at a time, with nodes from bottom up. A clean block is one that contains only valid nodes. A dirty block contains at least one obsolete node. A free block contains no nodes.

The garbage collector runs in the background, turning dirty blocks into free blocks. It does this by copying valid nodes to a new block and skipping obsolete ones. That done, it erases the dirty block and tags it with a special marker designating it as a free block (to prevent confusion if power is lost during an erase operation).

To make wear-levelling more even and prevent erasures from being too concentrated on mostly-static file systems, the garbage collector will occasionally also consume clean blocks.

Disadvantages
Due to its log-structured design, JFFS2's disadvantages include the following:

 * All nodes must still be scanned at mount time. This is slow and is becoming an increasingly serious problem as flash devices scale upward into the terabyte range.  To overcome this issue, the Erase Block Summary (EBS) was introduced in version 2.6.15 of the Linux kernel.  EBS is placed at the end of each block and updated upon each write to the block, summarizing the block's content; during mounts, EBS is read instead of scanning whole blocks.
 * Writing many small blocks of data can even lead to negative compression rates, so it is essential for applications to use large write buffers.
 * There is no practical way to tell how much usable free space is left on a device since this depends both on how well additional data can be compressed, and the writing sequence.

title: JFFS2


text:
Flaubert's Parrot

Flaubert's Parrot is a novel by Julian Barnes that was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1984, and won the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize and the Prix Médicis Essai in 1985 and 1986 respectively. The novel recites amateur Gustave Flaubert expert Geoffrey Braithwaite's musings on his subject's life, and his own, as he looks for a stuffed parrot that inspired the great author.

Plot summary
The novel follows Geoffrey Braithwaite, a widowed, retired English doctor, visiting France. While visiting sites related to Flaubert, Geoffrey discovers two museums claiming to display the stuffed parrot which sat atop Flaubert's writing desk for a brief period while he wrote Un Coeur Simple. While trying to identify which is authentic, Braithwaite learns that Flaubert's parrot could be any one of fifty ("Une cinquantaine de perroquets!", p. 187) that had been held in the collection of the municipal museum.

Themes
One of the central themes of the novel is subjectivism. The novel provides three sequential chronologies of Flaubert's life: the first is optimistic (citing his successes, etc.), the second is negative (citing the deaths of his friends/lovers, his failures, illnesses etc.) and the third compiles quotations written by Flaubert in his journal at various points in his life.

Style
Barnes's book is considered an exemplar of the postmodern novel. It does not follow a traditional fictional narrative but rather appears to be a non-fictional biographical exploration of Gustave Flaubert's life and his thoughts on various topics, written by a fictional character, Geoffrey Braithwaite.

Rather than providing a traditional chapter-by-chapter plot and narrative, each chapter in the book approaches some aspect of Flaubert's life or Braithwaite's life, most in a style of writing not typical of a novel.

The first chapter, "Flaubert's Parrot," introduces the theme of the two stuffed parrots, either one of which might have been the parrot Flaubert used as inspiration for his story "Un cœur simple," and describes Braithwaite's journey to Rouen to see the parrots and determine which of them was "Flaubert's parrot."

The second chapter, "Chronology," provides a timeline of Flaubert's life from birth, first loves, friendships, publications, and death. A second timeline lists important setbacks in Flaubert's life from the deaths of family members and friends, his expulsion from school, and the onset of his epilepsy. A third timeline is constructed of quotations from Flaubert's letters and diaries, many of which are metaphors describing Flaubert's own conception of himself (as a cigar, as a literary lizard, as a coconut, as a mass of dead seaweed).

The third chapter, "Finders Keepers," details a series of interactions between Braithwaite and Ed Winterton, a scholar who claims to have discovered a cache of previously unknown letters between Flaubert and Juliet Herbert, an English governess with whom the writer was thought to be in love.

The fourth chapter, "The Flaubert Bestiary," further explores the metaphorical conception Flaubert had of himself as a bear, and also explores the appearance and importance of other animals in Flaubert's writings, including parrots, as well as all the pets Flaubert was known to have.

The fifth chapter, "Snap!" is a meditation on the idea of coincidences, on what Flaubert thought of them, and on a series of coincidences in Flaubert's life and fiction.

The sixth chapter, "Emma Bovary's Eyes," takes literary critics, particularly the noted Flaubert critic Enid Starkie, to task for dwelling on minutiae and deliberately seeking out mistakes in an author's work, and continues on this theme to determine what sorts of errors in fiction are forgivable and which are not.

The seventh chapter, "Cross Channel," the longest chapter in the book, describes a trip back and forth across the English channel by boat and is notable for directly addressing the reader as if they were a fellow passenger. It continues the polemic against critics (now including Edmund Gosse and Jean-Paul Sartre), explores many important themes in Flaubert's work, evokes some specificities of the region in which Flaubert lived and set many of his novels, and lays out a systematic series of Braithwaite's opinions on which types of novels should no longer be written.

The eighth chapter, "The Train-spotter's Guide to Flaubert," written as a numbered list of annotations, explores Flaubert's use of and generally negative opinions on railway trains, which were a new technological development in Flaubert's lifetime. Flaubert's long relationship with Louise Colet, which necessitated train travel between Rouen and Paris, is a main theme of this chapter.

Chapter nine, "The Flaubert Apocrypha," which includes another numbered series of annotations, examines books Flaubert planned to write but never completed, ideas which he discussed but did not include in his published books, and a series of moments in Flaubert's life when he considered a drastically different life or career path than he eventually chose.

The tenth chapter, "The Case Against," begins to address the story of Braithwaite's late wife, of whom the reader still knows little, but quickly turns instead to a numbered list of general complaints critics and readers have against Flaubert, and Braithwaite's often exasperated rebuttals to these complaints. Many of these rebuttals include statements about the purpose of art and the necessary differences between art and life.

Chapter eleven, "Louise Colet's Version," as its title suggests, provides an imagined first-person account of Louise Colet's long romantic and professional association with Flaubert. This is the only chapter in the novel that is not presented either from Braithwaite's point of view or as an ostensibly neutral or academic presentation of facts or quotations.

Chapter twelve, "Braithwaite's Dictionary of Accepted Ideas," is a mimicry of Flaubert's own Dictionary of Received Ideas that reiterates the important people and themes of Flaubert's life as discussed in the novel so far. Each one-word entry or name (one for each letter A through Z) is followed by a brief, witty, yet opinionated definition.

The thirteenth chapter, "Pure Story," provides the full story of the life and death of Braithwaite's wife, laced with parallels and references to Flaubert's fiction.

Chapter fourteen, "Examination Paper," is presented as a timed written essay exam on Flaubert's life and work as presented in the previous chapters of the novel. Questions are posed under various topics (such as economics, geography, psychology, phonetics, and theatrical history).

The fifteenth and final chapter, "And the Parrot..." returns to the more traditional novelistic narrative of the first chapter in which Braithwaite attempts to determine which of two parrots was the one that Flaubert kept briefly in his house as inspiration for his story.

title: Flaubert's Parrot


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Truprint

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. CDC  (talk)  21:05, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Truprint
Comment for now. Looks like advertising - anyone from the U.K. know if this is notable? Tufflaw 21:58, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Truprint are pretty famous for developing pictures here. It also contains criticism of Truprint, so I'd hardly call it advertising. Kel-nage 22:13, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Major company. Their envolopes are well known. NSR 22:38, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This isn't advertising by any stretch of the imagination. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 23:35, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It is true, notable, and probably wasn't made to advertise.  It is a decent liitle article.  No ned to delete it. Sonic Mew 13:47, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - its not advertising, a nice l'il article about the company. Not amazingly notable, maybe, but it's a well-enough known company in the UK, and I see no reason at all to remove the article. UkPaolo 20:51, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User talk:EricGiguere

WikiProject Java and Portal
I recently posted the following text on Wikipedia regarding the creation of a new computing-related project in Wikipedia:

'WikiProject Java is a Wikipedian community that aims to better organize information in articles related to the Java programming language and its platform.
 * If I'm cor-rec-to, there are about 900 articles on Java technology in Wikipedia, which may be more than ALL other programming languages articles combined...
 * At least, it's more than for C++, and there IS a C++ WikiProject...
 * And it's MUCH more than the .NET WikiProject with 82 articles...
 * There is also a Python project and a Ruby project so...
 * Now you can also see a proposal for the Java Portal (temp location).'

Please  support this initiative, AlainR345 TechnoWikiGeek 21:43, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:EricGiguere


text:
Ala, Trentino

Ala is a comune in Trentino, north-eastern Italy. Until the First World War, it was an important border town between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austro Hungarian Empire.

It was the birthplace in 1896 of the supercentenarian Venere Pizzinato who lived to be 114. Alongside Ateleta, Onano, Orero and Siris it is one of five Italian municipalities with a palyndrome name.

title: Ala, Trentino