text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dramatization

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted. Sjakkalle 11:36, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Dramatization
Nonsense. --W(t) 06:04, 2005 May 30 (UTC)
 * Keep. I think it's a beautiful article. --Asova 06:05, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * User's fourth edit. All edits have been trolling.  RickK 06:16, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Dictdef and no hope of being anything more. -- Barfooz  (talk)  06:07, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Deleted- that was patent nonsense, not even a dictdef. Speedied. Mark1 06:18, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * (note, I've made it a redirect to Drama, that seemed appropriate) Radiant_* 09:09, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Network element

what is difference between a network element and router? Or are routers type of network elements? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Balloonguy (talk • contribs) 22:25, 5 May 2007

 * IMO I would say that any (managable) device can be considered as a network element.
 * Coolbrother 11:20, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Network element


text:
Damon Lindelof

Damon Laurence Lindelof (born April 24, 1973) is an American screenwriter, comic book writer, and producer. Among his accolades, he received three Primetime Emmy Awards, from twelve nominations. In 2010, Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world.

Lindelof is best known as the creator and showrunner of numerous critically acclaimed television series, such as the ABC science fiction drama series Lost (2004–2010), the HBO supernatural drama series The Leftovers (2014–2017), the HBO superhero limited series Watchmen (2019), and the Peacock science fiction limited series Mrs. Davis (2023).

Lindelof was also a writer on the CBS crime drama series Nash Bridges (2000–2001) and the NBC crime drama series Crossing Jordan (2001–2004). He co-wrote the films Cowboys & Aliens (2011), Prometheus (2012), Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), World War Z (2013), and Tomorrowland (2015).

Early life and education
Lindelof was born in Englewood, New Jersey, the son of Susan (Klausner), a teacher, and David Herbert Lindelof, a bank manager. Lindelof's mother is Ashkenazi Jewish, with family from Białystok, Poland. His father's ancestry included Swedish (where his Lindelof great-grandfather was born, in Välinge, Malmöhus), Norwegian, Spanish, and German. Lindelof celebrated his Bar Mitzvah in Teaneck, where he attended synagogue.

Lindelof went to Teaneck High School, a school whose diverse student body he credits with expanding his horizons as a writer. He has stated, "I was a Jewish white kid growing up in Teaneck, but at the same time, I had African and Filipino and Asian friends and to have that experience all through high school while getting an awesome education was wonderful." He attended film school at New York University, performing briefly in the band Petting Zoo, and moved to Los Angeles after graduating.

1999–2003: Early career and breakthrough
An early boost to Lindelof's writing career came in 1999, when he was selected as a semifinalist for a Nicholl Fellowship for his screenplay Perfectionists. Before this, he had worked on reviewing scripts at Paramount, Fox, and Alan Ladd studios.

In 1999, Lindelof began his professional career as a writer on the drama series Wasteland and the anthology series Undressed. He received further attention as a writer on the CBS crime drama series Nash Bridges, which he worked on from 2000 to 2001. He then wrote and produced the NBC crime drama series Crossing Jordan, which he worked on until the end of its third season.

2004–2010: Lost and commercial success
In 2004, Lindelof received further recognition and success as an executive producer and showrunner (alongside Carlton Cuse) on the drama series Lost. The series was praised for its unique brand of storytelling and strong characters. The first two seasons of the show were ratings juggernauts and the show never fell out of the Top 30 throughout its six seasons on the air. Lindelof's work on Lost garnered numerous awards and nominations throughout its run, including winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 2005.

Lindelof and the Lost writing staff won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Dramatic Series at the February 2006 ceremony for their work on the first and second seasons. He was nominated for the WGA Award for Best Dramatic Series a further three times: namely, the February 2007 ceremony for his work on the second and third seasons, at the February 2009 ceremony for his work on the fourth season and at the February 2010 ceremony for his work on the fifth season. Lindelof and his co-writer Drew Goddard were also nominated for the WGA Award for Best Episodic Drama at the February 2008 ceremony for writing the episode "Flashes Before Your Eyes".

Lindelof and co-showrunner Carlton Cuse have been heralded as two of the first to truly embrace the changing times with things such as their daily podcast and being active in the fan community. A majority of the six seasons were met with critical praise, but both Lindelof and Cuse were not afraid to address critiques on the show, be it through the podcast or other forms of media. However, Lindelof said in late 2013 that he would no longer be addressing those displeased with the way the show ended, stating:

"And what do I do? I jump at the opportunity to acknowledge how many people were dissatisfied with how it ended. I try to be self-deprecating and witty when I do this, but that's an elaborate (or obvious?) defense mechanism to let people know I'm fully aware of the elephant in the room and I'm perfectly fine with it sitting down on my face and shitting all over me ... And here's my part: I will finally stop talking about it. I'm not doing this because I feel entitled or above it — I'm doing it because I accept that I will not change hearts nor minds. I will not convince you they weren't dead the whole time, nor resent you for believing they were despite my infinite declarations otherwise."

Lindelof was featured on a December 2008 episode of The Write Environment, a public television series featuring in-depth, candid one-on-one interviews with some of TV's most prolific and well-known series creator and writers. The interview is also available on DVD.

While approaching the end of Lost, it was rumored that Lindelof and J. J. Abrams would write and direct a film adaptation of Stephen King's The Dark Tower series. Lindelof dismissed this in a Q&A with USA Today in late 2009. He commented, "After working six years on Lost, the last thing I want to do is spend the next seven years adapting one of my favorite books of all time. I'm such a massive Stephen King fan that I'm terrified of screwing it up. I'd do anything to see those movies written by someone else. My guess is they will get made because they're so incredible. But not by me." Lindelof later served as co-producer on the 2009 science fiction action film, Star Trek, which was directed by frequent collaborator J. J. Abrams.

In May 2023, Lindelof and Cuse were accused of fostering a "toxic workplace" by several cast members and writers during their tenure on Lost. In an excerpt from the book Burn It Down: Power, Complicity, and a Call for Change in Hollywood, author Maureen Ryan interviewed various actors, writers, and crew members from the series on the alleged toxicity behind the scenes. Multiple sources claimed that Lindelof had said about the departure of Harold Perrineau from the series that the actor "called me racist, so I fired his ass." Lindelof responded to the allegations by saying, "I have no recollection of those specific things. And that's not me saying that they didn't happen. I'm just saying that it's literally baffling my brain—that they did happen and that I bore witness to them or that I said them. To think that they came out of my mouth or the mouths of people that I still consider friends is just not computing." Lindelof acknowledged personal failings during his time as showrunner on Lost, saying "My level of fundamental inexperience as a manager and a boss, my role as someone who was supposed to model a climate of creative danger and risk-taking but provide safety and comfort inside of the creative process—I failed in that endeavor" and "I have significantly evolved and grown, and it shouldn't have had to come at the cost and the trauma of people that I hurt on Lost."

2011–2017: The Leftovers, films, and critical acclaim
In 2011, Lindelof aided in development of the fantasy series Once Upon a Time, which was created by former Lost writers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz. He was not officially credited in the pilot. Also in 2011, Lindelof, Alex Kurtzman, and Roberto Orci, and several other writers, contributed to the screenplay of the film version of the comic book series Cowboys & Aliens.

Lindelof co-wrote the screenplay for Ridley Scott's science fiction film Prometheus, which was released in June 2012 to commercial success. Lindelof also produced the 2013 science fiction action sequel, Star Trek Into Darkness, and cowrote its screenplay with Kurtzman and Orci. Also that year, he co-wrote the screenplay for the action adventure film World War Z.

He co-wrote the screenplay for the science fiction adventure film Tomorrowland with director Brad Bird, based on a story by Lindelof, Bird, and Jeff Jensen. The film was in development for many years before being released in 2015.

In 2014, Lindelof co-created the HBO supernatural drama series The Leftovers with Tom Perrotta, based on Perrotta's novel of the same name. He also served as showrunner and executive producer throughout the show's three seasons. The series received widespread critical acclaim. Many critics referred to The Leftovers as one of the greatest television series of all time,    with particular praise for its writing, directing, acting and thematic depth. Despite receiving average Nielsen ratings throughout its run, the series has developed a cult following.

2018–present: Watchmen and further films
In August 2018, it was announced that Lindelof would be adapting Alan Moore's Watchmen as a series for HBO. He had previously been quoted as saying it was his favorite graphic novel and a huge inspiration on Lost. The series, which features an original story set after the events of the graphic novel, premiered in 2019 to critical acclaim. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has a 95% rating based on 112 reviews, with an average rating of 8.58/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Bold and bristling, Watchmen isn't always easy viewing, but by adding new layers of cultural context and a host of complex characters it expertly builds on its source material to create an impressive identity of its own." While HBO had not confirmed a second season following the show's broadcast, Lindelof stated that if there were, he would not likely be back for it, but instead have another producer step forward to tell another story set in this universe. Lindelof said he felt that the show was "not my story" and that "These nine episodes are sort of everything that I have to say at this point about Watchmen".

In 2019, Lindelof joined a host of other writers in firing their agents as part of the WGA's stand against the ATA and the practice of packaging.

In 2020, Lindelof wrote and produced the horror thriller film The Hunt. The film attracted some media controversy for its political subject matter, and received mixed reviews upon release. After a wide release run for almost a week, COVID-19 regulations forced theaters to close, and the film subsequently played almost exclusively at drive-ins.

In 2022, Lindelof was announced as a writer of an upcoming Star Wars movie with Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy set to direct. He turned in a draft and left the project in 2023 with Steven Knight replacing him.

In 2024, Lindelof along with Chris Mundy and Tom King wrote the pilot script and series bible for DC Universe (DCU) series Lanterns, confirmed by co-CEO of DC Studios James Gunn

Comics
Lindelof is the writer of the six-issue comic-book miniseries Ultimate Wolverine vs. Hulk for Marvel Comics, which takes place in the Ultimate Marvel universe. It began publication in January 2006. Production was suspended after the second issue in February 2006 due to Lindelof's heavy workload elsewhere. The last of the scripts was submitted to Marvel in 2008 and the series resumed publication in March 2009.

He also wrote the first issue of the comic book series Legends of the Dark Knight (Vol. 2), published by DC comics, in June 2012.

Lindelof wrote a Rip Hunter story for Time Warp No. 1 (May 2013) which was drawn by Jeff Lemire and published by Vertigo.

Collaborators
Lindelof frequently collaborates with a tightly knit group of film professionals which include J. J. Abrams, Adam Horowitz, Alex Kurtzman, Roberto Orci, Edward Kitsis, Andre Nemec, Josh Appelbaum, Jeff Pinkner, and Bryan Burk.

Influences
Lindelof is a self-professed Stephen King fan and has placed many references to King's work into Lost, as well as mentioning within the Official Lost Podcast that The Stand serves as a huge influence. Lindelof has been quoted as saying that the graphic novel Watchmen, written by Alan Moore, is the greatest piece of popular fiction ever produced, and its effect on Lost is evident many times in the show. He has also mentioned David Lynch's Twin Peaks as a big influence for Lost.

J. J. Abrams had often cited Patrick McGoohan's similarly allegorical sci-fi/spy series The Prisoner as another major influence on Lost. Lindelof lists his favorite six films, in no particular order, as Touch of Evil, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Pulp Fiction, The Shining, Bambi, and The Godfather Part II. Lindelof is a fan of the television series The Wire, Breaking Bad, and Battlestar Galactica.

Personal life
Lindelof married Heidi Mary Fugeman in 2005; the couple has one child.

Lindelof called on President Joe Biden to drop out of the 2024 presidential race.

title: Damon Lindelof


text:
1967–68 NFL playoffs

The NFL playoffs following the 1967 NFL season culminated in the NFL championship game on New Year's Eve, and determined who would represent the league against the American Football League champions in Super Bowl II.

With 16 teams in the league in 1967, this was the first season that the NFL used a four-team playoff tournament. The four division winners advanced to the postseason, with the two division winners in each conference meeting in the first round (effectively being conference championship games). The championship game this year was the famous Ice Bowl, played in Green Bay on December 31.

Although the Baltimore Colts (11–1–2) had tied for the best record in the league, they lost the new division tie-breaker (point differential in head-to-head games) to the Los Angeles Rams and were excluded from the postseason. The teams had tied in mid-October in Baltimore and the Colts entered the last game undefeated, but lost 34–10 to the Rams in Los Angeles on December 17. In previous seasons, unscheduled tiebreaker games were played (with head-to-head results disregarded); the last was just two years earlier. Prior to 1967, the teams with the best record in the eastern and western divisions, went to the NFL Championship game.

Tournament bracket
Within each conference, the two division winners qualified for the playoffs. In the first round, the Capitol Division winner met the Century Division winner in the Eastern Conference game, while the Coastal Division winner faced the Central Division winner in the Western Conference game. The conference champions advanced to the NFL Championship Game, whose winner played the American Football League champion in Super Bowl II at the Orange Bowl in Miami on January 14. The losers of the conference championship games met in the third place Playoff Bowl, also in Miami, on January 7.

Prior to, the playoff sites rotated and were known prior to the start of the season. In 1967, the hosts were the Capitol and Central division winners for the conference championships (first round), and the Western Conference for the championship game, effectively giving home field advantage to the Central Division winner, the two-time defending NFL champion Green Bay Packers, who clinched their division title with three games remaining. The 1968 playoff hosts were Century, Coastal, and Eastern, respectively, and 1969 was like 1967.

The rotation system forced the Rams (11–1–2) to play at the Packers (9–4–1) in the Western Conference playoff. It had no effect in the Eastern Conference; Cleveland and Dallas were both 9–5, and the Cowboys defeated the Browns during the regular season. With the rotation system it was common for the host team to have an inferior record; it had occurred in four of the previous five NFL championship games (1962, 1964, 1965, 1966), with the home teams winning twice (1964, 1965).

Western Conference: Green Bay Packers 28, Los Angeles Rams 7
The Rams came into the Western Conference Championship with all the momentum, possessing the NFL's best record, but having barely beaten the Packers two weeks earlier by a score of 27–24. In that game in Los Angeles, the Rams blew a 4th quarter lead, and needed a last-second touchdown set up by a blocked punt to pull out the game and keep their division title hopes alive, while the Packers had already clinched their division (and had home field in the playoffs) and were playing only for pride. In this postseason game, Green Bay would be playing for more than pride, as they were attempting win a third consecutive NFL title, unprecedented in the playoff era. The weather was expected to be cold and snowy; the snow held off but the temperature was 20 F. However, the field condition was poor, and the Rams had accused the Packers of over watering the field to slow down the devastating pass rush of the Rams' Fearsome Foursome, who sacked Starr six times in the game in L.A. For three weeks prior, the field at County Stadium was covered by a tarpaulin and thirty tons of hay.

By the end of the game, LA forced four turnovers, three fumble recoveries and an interception. But they were only able to convert one of them into a score, a first quarter fumble by Carroll Dale that was recovered by defensive back Chuck Lamson on the Rams' 46-yard line. This set up Roman Gabriel's 29-yard touchdown pass to Bernie Casey, giving the Rams a 7–0 lead. But this was all the Rams could do in the first half, as Green Bay's defense took over. Three times, they would drive into Green Bay territory, and each time they would fail to score. Lamson's interception of a Bart Starr pass resulted in nothing when Dave Robinson blocked Bruce Gossett's 24-yard field goal attempt. The Rams also lost the ball twice in Packers territory as a result of failed 4th down conversion attempts.

In the second quarter, Green Bay's Tom Brown returned a punt 39 yards to the Rams 46-yard line. On the next play, rookie Travis Williams raced 46 yards for Green Bay's first touchdown. Later on, Gossett's 46-yard field goal attempt fell short of the goal posts, and Willie Wood returned the ball 44 yards to the Packers' 45. The Packers then drove 55 yards in 10 plays to score on Starr's 18-yard touchdown pass to Dale, giving the team a 14–7 lead going into halftime.

Led by Jerry Kramer and Forrest Gregg, the Packers' offensive line neutralized the vaunted "Fearsome Foursome" of Los Angeles. Where they had thoroughly harassed Starr in the Rams' victory two weeks before, Starr was sacked only once in the playoff contest. The Packers defensive line took Gabriel down five times (3.5 of the sacks were by Henry Jordan) and pressured him into throwing inaccurate passes all day. Early in the third quarter, LA recovered another Green Bay fumble, giving them a first down on the Packers' 26-yard line. But this drive ended with no points when Gossett missed another field goal try, this one a 37-yard attempt. The Packers then drove 80 yards to go up 21–7 on Chuck Mercein's 6-yard touchdown run. In the 4th quarter, Starr's 48-yard completion to Dale set up the final score on a 3-yard touchdown run by Williams. This was the only NFL playoff game ever held at Milwaukee County Stadium.

Starr completed 17 of 23 passes for 222 yards and a touchdown, with 1 interception, while also rushing for 8 yards. Dale caught 6 passes for 109 yards and a score. Williams rushed for 88 yards and two touchdowns, while also catching an 8-yard pass. Gabriel completed just 11 of 31 passes for 186 yards and a touchdown, with 1 interception. Casey caught 5 passes for 81 yards and a touchdown. Lamson had two fumble recoveries and an interception.

Eastern Conference: Dallas Cowboys 52, Cleveland Browns 14
Like the Dallas Cowboys, the wildly inconsistent Cleveland Browns underachieved themselves to a 9–5 record. The Browns featured one of the best running games in the league with Leroy Kelly, while the Cowboys had one of the best run defenses in the game. "Dandy" Don Meredith, the Cowboys quarterback, had been hampered by injuries all year, but Meredith was fully recovered for the contest with the Browns, completing 10 of his 12 pass attempts for 212 yards and 2 touchdowns.

Dallas scored on their opening drive, moving the ball 80 yards in 13 plays, including a 24-yard run by Don Perkins, to score on Meredith's 3-yard touchdown pass to running back Craig Baynham. Later in the first quarter, Cowboys receiver Bob Hayes returned a punt 64 yards before punter Gary Collins tackled him on the Browns' 13-yard line. Four plays later, Perkins crashed through the line for a 1-yard touchdown run on fourth down to give Dallas a 14–0 lead.

In the second quarter, Cleveland seemed ready to respond when Leroy Kelly took off for a 46-yard run to the Cowboys' 10-yard line. But after being forced into a 4th down situation, a bad snap spoiled Lou Groza's field goal attempt. Dallas took over on their own 10-yard line, and two plays later, Hayes raced past Browns cornerback Mike Howell, caught a pass from Meredith past midfield, and took it all the way to the end zone for an 86-yard touchdown reception. Following a punt, Dallas drove 52 yards in 9 plays to score on Danny Villanueva's 10-yard field goal, giving them a 24–0 lead. With time running out in the second quarter, Cleveland quarterback Frank Ryan put together a last second touchdown drive, completing a 15-yard pass to Kelly and two passes to tight end Milt Morin for gains of 10 and 12 yards (the 12-yard reception converted a 4th and 11 situation). With just 4 seconds left on the clock, Ryan cut the score to 24–7 with a 13-yard touchdown pass to Morin.

Still any hopes of a comeback were quickly dashed in the second half, as Meredith completed a 36-yard pass to Hayes on the Browns' 4-yard line that set up Baynham's 1-yard touchdown run, putting the Cowboys up 31–7. Cleveland responded with a drive to midfield, but this was stopped cold when Kelly was stuffed for no gain on 4th and 1. The Browns managed to prevent a score when linebacker Dale Lindsey recovered a fumble from Lance Rentzel on the Browns' 18-yard line, but their offense ended up punting again, and Hayes returned it 68 yards to the Cleveland 2. Three plays later, Perkins' 1-yard touchdown made the score 38–7. Then it became 45–7 when Cornell Green intercepted Ryan's pass and returned it 60 yards for a touchdown.

Meredith was replaced by Craig Morton for most of the fourth quarter, but Dallas still managed to put together another touchdown drive, moving the ball 57 yards to Baynham's 3rd touchdown of the game, this one on a 1-yard run. Meanwhile, all Cleveland could do was cut the final score to 52–14 when Ryan threw a 75-yard touchdown pass to Paul Warfield with 2:12 left in the game.

Hayes finished the game with five receptions for 144 yards and 3 punt returns for 141. His 141 punt return yards was an NFL playoff record until broken by Anthony Carter in the 1987 playoffs. His special teams effort would make a huge difference, as both teams were fairly even in yards gained (401 for Dallas, 322 for Cleveland) and turnovers (2 for Cleveland, 1 for Dallas) Perkins rushed for 74 yards and two touchdowns, while also catching a 4-yard pass. Ryan finished the game 14/30 for 194 yards, with two touchdowns and 1 interception. Kelly rushed for 96 yards and caught 4 passes for 39. Warfield caught 3 passes for 99 yards and a touchdown.

title: 1967–68 NFL playoffs


text:
James Morrow Walsh

James Morrow Walsh (22 May 1840 – 25 July 1905) was a North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) officer and the first commissioner of Yukon.

Born in Prescott, Ontario, James Walsh was one of the original officers of the NWMP. Walsh served with the 2nd Prescott Rifle Company at Fort Wellington during the 1866 Fenian Raid and with the 56th Grenville Battalion during the 1870 raid. He was awarded the Canada General Service Medal with two clasps.

Superintendent Walsh was assigned in 1875 to establish a post in the Cypress Hills in what is now Saskatchewan. He named it Fort Walsh after himself. The location of the post was determined by the Cypress Hills Massacre in 1873, an atrocity stemming from the illegal American whiskey trade. Walsh's original role was to shut down this trade, but in June 1876 his position grew in importance when several thousand Sioux crossed the border into Canada, taking refuge there after the Battle of Little Big Horn. They settled near the Wood Mountain post in present-day Saskatchewan.

Walsh developed a strong friendship with the famous Sioux leader Sitting Bull and successfully kept peace in the region. By the summer of 1877, Walsh, although still in command of Fort Walsh, spent little time there. His headquarters became the Wood Mountain post, among Sitting Bull and 5,000 Sioux. During this time, Walsh became famous in the American press as "Sitting Bull's Boss." In reality, Walsh was unable to fulfill his orders to convince Sitting Bull to return to the U.S. The Canadian government decided that Walsh's friendship with Sitting Bull was an obstacle to the Sioux's return to the United States, and in 1880 he was transferred to Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan. Soon after, he took health leave and returned to Ontario. He reluctantly resigned his commission three years later.

In August 1897, during the height of the Klondike Gold Rush, Walsh was appointed Commissioner of the newly created Yukon Territory. He resigned soon after in 1898. His successor was William Ogilvie. He died in Brockville, Ontario in 1905.

Mount Walsh, a mountain peak in the Saint Elias Mountains in the Yukon is named after him.

title: James Morrow Walsh


text:
Cabramatta railway station

Cabramatta railway station is located on the Main Southern line, serving the Sydney suburb of Cabramatta. It is served by Sydney Trains T2 Inner West & Leppington, T3 Bankstown and T5 Cumberland line services.

History
Cabramatta station opened in 1870 on the Granville to Liverpool section of the Main South line. On 8 October 1924, Cabramatta line became a junction station when another branch of the Main South line opened from Sefton, joining the existing line just north of the station.

In April 1996, the junction was upgraded from a low speed one with an 80 kph speed limit. To make the higher speeds possible, the track centres have been widened from 4 m at the platforms to about 12 m at the diamond crossing at the heart of the junction. Longer points were installed.

The station received lifts as part of an easy access upgrade in 2004.

As part of the Southern Sydney Freight Line project, a third line was built behind the eastern side of the station. Due to limited space, an overhead concourse was constructed to replace a building on platform 2. The new concourse opened in 2011, the line in December 2013.

Transport links
Transdev NSW operates one bus route via Cabramatta station, under contract to Transport for NSW:
 * S1: to Lansvale (Monday to Friday only)

Transit Systems operates five bus routes via Cabramatta station, under contract to Transport for NSW:
 * 805: to Liverpool station
 * 807: to Cecil Park
 * 815: to Mount Pritchard
 * 816: to Greenfield Park
 * 817: to Fairfield station

Cabramatta station is served by one NightRide route:
 * N50: Liverpool station to Town Hall station

title: Cabramatta railway station


text:
2006 Texas gubernatorial election

The 2006 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 2006, to elect the governor of Texas. The election was a rare five-way race, with incumbent Republican Governor Rick Perry running for re-election against Democrat Chris Bell and Independents Carole Keeton Strayhorn and Kinky Friedman, as well as Libertarian nominee James Werner.

Perry was re-elected to a second full term in office, winning 39% of the vote to Bell's 30%, Strayhorn's 18%, and Friedman's 12%. Perry carried 209 out of the state's 254 counties, while Bell carried 39 and Strayhorn carried 6. Exit polls revealed that Perry won the white vote with 46%, while Bell got 22%, Strayhorn got 16% and Friedman got 15%. Bell won 63% of African Americans, while Perry got 16%, Strayhorn got 15% and Friedman got 4%. Bell also won the Latino vote with 41%, while Perry got 31%, Strayhorn got 18% and Friedman got 4%.

Perry was inaugurated for a second full four-year term on January 16, 2007. The ceremony was held inside the House of Representatives chamber at the Texas Capitol after thunderstorms canceled the planned outdoor ceremony. This remains the last time Republicans won a statewide race in Texas with only a plurality. Despite only winning 29% of the vote, this is the closest the Democrats have come to winning a Texas gubernatorial election in the 21st century.

As of 2023, this is the most recent gubernatorial election where Swisher, Crosby, Fisher, Haskell, Red River, Morris, Marion, Bastrop, Newton, Jefferson, Bee, and Calhoun counties voted for the Democratic candidate, and the most recent where Cameron County voted for the Republican candidate, as well as the most recent where Cooke, Nolan, Wilson, Goliad, and Wharton counties did not vote for the Republican candidate.

Background
Incumbent Rick Perry became governor in late 2000 when then-Governor George W. Bush resigned following his election as President of the United States. He had been elected lieutenant governor in 1998. Perry was subsequently elected governor in his own right in 2002 and successfully ran for a second full term in 2006.

Perry's overall poll ratings had plummeted since the 2002 election, plagued by budget woes, battles over school financing reform, and a contentious and controversial redistricting battle. His approval rating dropped to 38% during the latter part of the 2005 legislative session.

Qualifications
It is difficult for an independent gubernatorial candidate to gain ballot access in the state of Texas. The election law, summarized briefly, requires the following:
 * The candidate must obtain signatures from registered voters, in an amount equalling at least one percent of the total votes cast in the prior gubernatorial election. For the 2006 ballot, this required 45,540 signatures.  (This is also the number of signatures required for a third party to gain ballot access, which only the Libertarian Party did in 2006.)
 * The signatures must come from registered voters who did not vote in either the Democratic or Republican primaries or in any runoff elections for governor.
 * The signatures must come from registered voters who have not signed a petition for any other independent candidate. In other words, a Strayhorn supporter cannot also sign Friedman's petition, nor vice versa.  If a supporter signed more than one petition, only the first signature counts.
 * The signatures must be obtained within 60 days following the primary election; the window is shortened to 30 days if a runoff election for either party's gubernatorial candidate is required. In 2006, neither party had a runoff election for governor; therefore, the candidates had the full 60 days – until May 11, 2006.

In the event a candidate does not qualify for independent status, they may still run as a write-in candidate. The candidate must pay a $3,750 filing fee and submit 5,000 qualified signatures. However, the filing cannot take place any earlier than July 30, nor later than 5:00 PM on August 29.

Candidates

 * Star Locke
 * Larry Kilgore, advocate for Texas secession
 * Rick Perry, incumbent Governor since 2000
 * Rhett Smith

Withdrew

 * Carole Keeton Strayhorn, Texas Comptroller and former Railroad Commissioner and mayor of Austin (withdrew December 2005, ran as independent)

Declined

 * Kay Bailey Hutchison, U.S. Senator since 1993 (ran for re-election)

Campaign
The race was initially expected to be a contentious three-way primary between Perry, Comptroller of Public Accounts Carole Keeton Strayhorn, and U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison. Hutchison declined to run for governor in late 2005, instead opting to run for re-election to the Senate. This left Strayhorn and Perry vying for the GOP nomination. Believing her chances to be better running as an independent and appealing directly to voters, rather than those of the Republican Party first, she announced her intent to challenge him in the general election instead. Had she run in the primary, the December 2005 Scripps Howard Texas Poll of match ups had Perry in the lead against Strayhorn by a 55%-24% margin.

Despite weak polling numbers, Perry had the support of the Texas Republican Party. According to Perry's campaign website, he gained 142 separate endorsements. Perry had endorsements from virtually the entire Texas Republican congressional delegation (all but two members), every Republican statewide officeholder (except Strayhorn and judicial officeholders, who by law cannot endorse political candidates), 51 of the 62 members of the Texas Republican Party executive committee, and nearly every major Texas pro-business, fiscal conservative, and social conservative organization and PAC. Perry even managed to gain the endorsement of the Teamsters Union, notwithstanding Texas's strong right to work laws.

Results

 * }

Candidates

 * Chris Bell, former U.S. Representative from Houston and member of the Houston City Council
 * Bob Gammage, former justice of the Texas Supreme Court and U.S. Representative from Houston
 * Rashad Jafer

Chris Bell, a former Congressman from Houston, had been defeated in his party's 2004 primary after the controversial mid-decade redistricting in the state. Bell announced his run in July 2005.

Results

 * }

Candidates

 * Chris Bell, former U.S. Representative from Houston and member of the Houston City Council (Democratic)
 * James "Patriot" Dillon (Independent) (write-in)
 * Kinky Friedman, country singer and mystery author (Independent)
 * Rick Perry, incumbent Governor since 2001 (Republican)
 * Carole Keeton Strayhorn, Texas Comptroller and former Railroad Commissioner and mayor of Austin (Independent)

Kinky Friedman, an independent candidate, claimed that country-music lovers, college students, animal lovers, ranchers, and anyone who didn't vote in the last election were among his supporters.
 * James Werner, sales consultant and candidate for U.S. House in 2004 (Libertarian)

Campaign
Bell's official strategy was to get Democrats to unite behind and vote for a Democrat, predicting (and betting on) a splintering of the Republican vote among Perry, Strayhorn, and Friedman, giving the Democrats the needed plurality to win the election. Running on a platform of ethics reform and education issues, he stayed with the pack of three candidates with better name recognition. After a good debate performance, his poll numbers improved significantly to where he had taken second place in nearly every poll afterward.

Friedman briefly enjoyed a high standing in the polls, and surpassed Democrat Chris Bell for second place by Independence Day. As Election Day drew near, the Friedman campaign fizzled out as much of his wide support was among young voters. He finished fourth in the election with under 13% of the vote. His website claimed that "he doesn't put much stock in unscientific political polls among "likely" voters, saying, "It's Kinky Friedman versus apathy". Friedman stated during the campaign that he was going after the 71% who didn't make it to the polls in 2002.

Perry's position in polling improved during the campaign, with a 44% approval rating and 51% disapproving as of September 2006.

Polling
Graphical summary

Results
[[File:Texas Gubernatorial Election Results by County, 2006 Kinky Friedman.svg|thumb|right|300px|Results for Kinky Friedman by county: Friedman

]] Texas election laws do not require a run-off in the event that a majority is not achieved, and so Governor Perry joined only two other Texas governors to achieve the office by a plurality of less than 40%. The Texas Governor Elections of 1853 and 1861 both won with less than 40% of the vote.

Strayhorn was seen as a moderate alternative to Perry, and found support among moderate Republicans and independent voters. Although a few polls had her tied for second going into Election day, she finished with 18.13%.

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

 * Cass (Largest city: Atlanta)
 * Hudspeth (Largest city: Fort Hancock)
 * Pecos (Largest city: Fort Stockton)
 * Terrell (Largest city: Sanderson)
 * Cameron (Largest city: Brownsville)
 * Kenedy (largest municipality: Sarita)
 * Culberson (largest municipality: Van Horn)
 * Kleberg (largest municipality: Kingsville)

Counties that flipped from Republican to Independent

 * Falls (Largest city: Marlin)
 * Nolan (Largest city: Sweetwater)
 * Coke (Largest city: Robert Lee)
 * Goliad (Largest city: Goliad)
 * Wilson (Largest city: Floresville)
 * Wharton (Largest city: El Campo)

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

 * Calhoun (Largest city: Port Lavaca)
 * Bastrop (Largest city: Elgin)
 * Stonewall (Largest city: Aspermont)
 * Swisher (Largest city: Tulia)
 * Crosby (Largest city: Crosbyton)
 * Red River (Largest city: Clarksville)
 * Haskell (Largest city: Haskell)
 * Dallas (Largest city: Dallas)

title: 2006 Texas gubernatorial election


text:
User:Dr. Johnson Ubah

Kevin Matthew Williams

 * Born 21 September 1984 in Dorchester, Massachusetts USA.
 * Grew up primarily in Easton, Massachusetts.
 * Graduated from Southeastern regional Vocational Technical Institute currently Southeastern Technical
 * Currently attending the University of Massachusetts Amherst as a Japanese major.

Interests

 * Photography
 * Japan
 * Korea
 * Cooking / Baking

Wikipedia Additions

 * Stephen M. Forrest

title: User:Dr. Johnson Ubah


text:
Jeffrey Lieber

Jeffrey Michael Lieber is an American screenwriter for both television and film. He is credited as a co-creator of the television series Lost. In addition to writing for television and film, Lieber blogged (through 2016 ) at the website dailykos. His blog posts appeared as "diaries" rather than front-page posts and typically had a satirical take on the news.

Early life
He was born in Evanston, Illinois, United States and attended Evanston Township High School. He attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and earned a BFA in acting from the Department of Theatre.

Career
Lieber is credited on the films Tuck Everlasting and Tangled, as well as having been creator/executive producer for unaired TV pilots for Fox Broadcasting Company (2004) and Sony Television in (2008).

ABC hired Lieber, based on his pitch with studio Spelling Television, to write a pilot for Lost. Lieber's initial pitch for the series, then titled Nowhere, was a realistic drama series heavily influenced by Lord of the Flies and Cast Away. As the project developed, ABC soured on the direction they had given Lieber, and approached J. J. Abrams and Damon Lindelof, who had an overall deal with their own studio, to rewrite. An industry-standard arbitration was triggered by the competing drafts and the Writers Guild of America (WGA) ultimately recognized Lieber as co-creator of the show (Lieber shares story credit with Abrams and Lindelof on the pilot). Aside from his initial pilot scripts, Lieber had no further input into Lost. Lieber and the Lost writing staff won the Writers Guild of America (WGA) Award for Best Dramatic Series at the February 2006 ceremony for their work on the first and second seasons.

In 2010, Miami Medical was canceled after 13 episodes. From 2011 to 2013, he served as an Executive Producer and Showrunner on the USA Network show Necessary Roughness. He was the co-showrunner and an executive producer on NCIS: New Orleans until 2015. He has also written for Lucifer, Charmed and created the YouTube series Impulse.

title: Jeffrey Lieber


text:
Talk:Leaders of the New School

Untitled
Having read the lyrics to "Teachers, Don't Teach Us Nonsense", I'm not sure who they could be described as "Afrocentric". They mention going to the gym instead of going to class and similar sorts of things, not anything to do with Afrocentrism. --Delirium 06:12, May 30, 2005 (UTC)

Will citate as soon as possible.
I added "Busta Rhymes stated that he does not talk to Charlie Brown and Dinco D anymore, and even went as far to call Dinco D a "Dickhead".", I will citate this as soon as I find the magazine I read it in. I think its The Source but I am not certain.

title: Talk:Leaders of the New School


text:
Her Majesty

Her Majesty may refer to:

 * Majesty, a style used by monarchs (or a wife of a king)
 * Queen Camilla (born 1947), Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms; wife of King Charles III
 * "Her Majesty" (song), a 1969 song by the Beatles about Queen Elizabeth II
 * Her Majesty the Decemberists, an album from The Decemberists
 * Her Majesty (2001 film), a New Zealand film about a young girl, her Maori friend and the visit of the young Queen Elizabeth II in New Zealand
 * Her Majesty (1922 film), an American silent comedy film

title: Her Majesty


text:
William Lorimer (scholar)

William Laughton Lorimer, FBA (1885–1967) was a Scottish scholar. Born at Strathmartine on the outskirts of Dundee, he was educated at the High School of Dundee, Fettes College, and Trinity College, Oxford. He is best known for the translation of the New Testament into Scots.

Lorimer spent his professional life as a scholar of Ancient Greek at various universities, ending his career as Professor of Greek at the University of St Andrews. However he also had a lifelong interest in the Scots language and besides the translation, was a longtime contributor to the Scottish National Dictionary. For the last ten years of his life he worked on translating the New Testament from the original Greek sources into Scots. Although he did not finish the final revision of his translation, the work was completed by his son Robin and published posthumously on his behalf in 1983.

External references

 * The New Testament in Scots Canongate

title: William Lorimer (scholar)


text:
Edith Woodford-Grimes

Edith Rose Woodford-Grimes (1887–1975) was an English Wiccan who achieved recognition as one of the faith's earliest known adherents. She had been a member of the New Forest coven which met during the late 1930s and early 1940s, and through this became a friend and working partner of Gerald Gardner, who would go on to found the Gardnerian tradition with her help. Widely known under the nickname of Dafo, Woodford-Grimes' involvement in the Craft had largely been kept a secret until it was revealed in the late 1990s, and her role in the history of Wicca was subsequently investigated by historians.

The reason for Woodford-Grimes' adoption of the pseudonym Dafo is unknown, with the researcher Philip Heselton believing that it was not her craft name but a nickname given to her by Gardner, possibly being based upon his experiences in eastern Asia, where it had been used to refer to certain statues of the Buddha.

Early life: 1887–1938
Woodford-Grimes was born as Edith Rose Wray in a house in Malton, Yorkshire, on 18 December 1887. Her father, William Henry Wray, was an implement maker at the local waterworks, whilst her mother was Caroline Wray, née Harrison. Whilst much is still not known about her early life, she became a teacher, specialising in English, Drama and Music, in later years becoming an associate of the London College of Music and the London Academy of Music.

On 16 June 1920, she married Samuel William Woodford Grimes, an Englishman who had been born in Bangalore, India in 1880, who at the time was working as a clerk in the War Pensions Office in Southampton. Subsequently, she took his surname of Grimes, and decided to turn it into a double-barrelled surname by adding one of his middle names, Woodford, to it. As researcher Philip Heselton later remarked, "This may have been pure snobbery, or she may have felt that it sounded more elegant and exclusive – more befitting a teacher of elocution." Soon after the marriage, the couple moved to a newly constructed house, 67 Osborne Road, which was found in the Portswood suburb of Southampton in southern England. Then, on 30 June 1921, Edith and Samuel's first and only child, Rosanne, was born, but within a few years Edith returned to work, as by 1924 she had gained employment once more as a tutor in English and Dramatic Literature at various student groups, something she would continue until 1934, and from 1924 she had also begun teaching elocution and dramatic art at evening classes for the Southampton Education Authority.

Eventually, the relationship between the couple broke down, and although they remained married (divorce being hard to acquire at the time), they separated. Woodford-Grimes decided to move away from Southampton, and so relocated to Christchurch, Hampshire by 1938. Here she purchased a newly built bungalow in Dennistoun Avenue, Somerford, and began working as a private teacher of elocution and dramatic art. It was at her new home in Christchurch that she became involved in a local esoteric group, the Rosicrucian Order Crotona Fellowship. Becoming increasingly interested in their philosophies and practices, she decided to name her bungalow "Theano", which had been the name of the wife of the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras. Woodford-Grimes herself had performed the role of Theano in a play about Pythagoras that the Crotona Fellowship had put on, and which had been written by the group's leader, George Alexander Sullivan.

Involvement with Wicca: 1939–
It was through the Rosicrucian Order Crotona Fellowship that Woodford-Grimes likely met members of another local esoteric group, the New Forest coven, which was one of the earliest recorded Wiccan covens to exist. Its members considered themselves the continuation of the historical Witch-Cult, an ancient religion that the anthropologist Margaret Murray had described in several books published in the 1920s and 1930s. Nonetheless, subsequent investigation and research by historians has disputed that the Witch-Cult had ever existed, and as such it appears that the New Forest coven were in fact a group who had been founded in the early 1930s.

Following this marriage, Rosanne and her new husband moved into Woodford-Grimes' bungalow, Theano, whilst she herself relocated once more to Avenue Cottage in Walkford, the village adjacent to Highcliffe, where Gardner and his wife Donna lived.

Gardner, discussing the publication of his two books on witchcraft, mentions that he felt obliged to have the permission of the witches he knew to do so. It is now widely assumed that this was a reference to 'Dafo', who appears to have been a great deal more publicity-shy than Gardner was.

In the late 1940s, Gerald Gardner founded the Bricket Wood coven, and was joined by Dafo. However, she left the coven in 1952, fearing Gardner's growing publicity would expose her.

In winter 1952 Gardner invited Doreen Valiente, a prospective witch, to meet him and Dafo at her house. They met here on several occasions, and on Midsummer 1953 Gardner initiated Valiente into the craft at Dafo's home. The three of them then set off to Stonehenge, where they watched the Druids performing a ritual there.

By 1954, Dafo had started living with a strictly Christian niece, who disapproved of occultism and witchcraft. Dafo therefore kept her past involvement with witchcraft secret from her family. In 1958, three separate groups of witches approached her, asking for her to verify Gardner's claims. Dafo did not respond to two of these, and denied having any involvement other than a theoretical interest in the craft to the third.

The historian Ronald Hutton, in his 1999 book The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft, said that he had not researched into Dafo's past, because she would not have wanted such a thing, as most of her family were strict Christians.

Legacy
Woodford-Grimes has left an enduring legacy in the Wiccan and greater Neopagan community who recognise her as one of the earliest known adherents of her faith. Because she never became publicly known in her lifetime, and the fact that she intentionally denied her involvement in the Craft towards the end of her life, Woodford-Grimes' identity would not be publicly known until several decades after her death. Nonetheless, her involvement in the New Forest coven under her pseudonym of Dafo was known, and was occasionally featured in published sources: one of the earliest of these was in June Johns' 1969 biography of Alex Sanders, King of the Witches, in which she incorrectly spelled the pseudonym as "Daffo".

After her identity was revealed, she became well known in Wiccan circles, for instance the Neopagan bard Francis Cameron delivered a prose interpretation of her life and involvement with the Craft, written as if from her own point of view, entitled "Dafo's Tale", at The Charge of the Goddess conference 2010, held at Conway Hall in London.

title: Edith Woodford-Grimes


text:
Talk:Showa era

The problem with this redirect
"Showa era" is often used to imply what we call "Showa perdiod" on Wikipedia so it should logically point to that. "Showa era" should logically point to "Showa (era)" since it is the same without the brackets.

So which is right? The more common one? I've redirected it to the disambiguation page for now, perhaps that is the most sensible solution. I already cleaned up all pages linking to this redirect, so it won't do any harm. JeroenHoek 06:16, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Showa era


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kim wong-shing

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Eugene van der Pijll 18:02, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Kim wong-shing
Likely vanity. Typical vanity miscapitalization. Neither Google nor Amazon give hits for any variation I tried of the name. Xcali 06:17, 30 May 2005 (UTC) (comment by 205.188.117.12)
 * Delete. I tried to verify this as well with a google search for "Wong-Shing"+guyana . If this is real, then that will give us results. The lack of results indicates that this is either fully unnoteworthy or a hoax. Furthermore, I don't pretend to be an expert on names, but Kim Wong Shing sounds Korean, and I've never heard an African name that sounds like that. --  Barfooz  (talk)  06:20, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is complete nonsense. freestylefrappe 23:31, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. While I agree that this is most likely a fake, I just want to respond to Barfooz's comment. Kim Wong-Shing, or, rather, the surname Wong-Shing is Chinese, definitely not Korean. And it is entirely possible that there are Chinese people living in Guyana. Also, Guyana is a french-speaking country in South America, not Africa. I just wanted to clear that up. But otherwise, I think there is a possibility that there is a novelist by this name in Guyana, but unless a more valid source is found I say delete.
 * Keep. Last year i wrote a term paper on South American (note: south american, not african) authors and Kim Wong-Shing was one of them. So I think that all of you are depending on Google etc. much too much. Also the name Wong-Shing is Chinese not Korean. Kim Wong-Shing is certainly not very well known, but if I could go find the book where I found information on her, I would post it. This isn't the most well written paragraph on her, but at least someone out there was trying.
 * Please cite your sources so we can check them. Mgm|(talk) 07:21, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, there are Chinese individuals living in Guyana however the person in question is not notable and certainly the claims appear to be fictious. Megan1967 09:27, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, apparent vanity. — Phil Welch 09:45, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Currently, there are no credible third party references to verify this. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 10:54, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. - Etacar11 00:00, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I swear that I've seen this name before, when I was researching foreign authors. I'm looking for it right now, where I saw her listed. On the other hand, I don't think shes exactly famous, this entry seems overly flattering, so I don't think its worth the entry.
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sexuality in older age

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 03:16, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Sexuality in older age
I added the VFD tag because i think this is supposed to be a joke. Is there something to this? please delete unless there is actual valuable content. freestylefrappe 06:17, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Not an encyclopedia article. Delete unless rewritten. - Mike Rosoft 13:15, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Cleanup and keep i think the author might have followed a red link from Human sexuality and written a stub, as opposed to having made a joke. Nateji77
 * Keep. I agree with Nateji77.  I just added some links on the subject matter to help anyone who can clean this up.  DS1953 14:18, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Can't imagine how this ended up on VfD. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 16:09, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Human sexual behaviour     17:29, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep'Vorash 19:51, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Interesting. JamesBurns 03:55, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and clean/up expand. I'm sure this topic has potential for an encyclopedia article. Capitalistroadster 08:36, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, the topic has potential, the current content doesn't however. --W(t) 08:41, 2005 Jun 5 (UTC)
 * Keep -- and expand / cleanup. - Longhair | Talk 08:42, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand, its notable and deserving of an article -CunningLinguist 23:59, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename, title is ambiguous (could refer to old people, or earlier periods in history?) Radiant_* 10:45, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: This page is listed on Template:Sexuality so it it is to be removed or renamed that template should be amended (or abandoned and merged into Human sexuality or Human sexual behavior — those three seem rather confused.).  I agree that the name is ambiguous and a rename could be useful but the topic no doubt has some potential.  --Douglas 14:13, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep if it's totally re-written - current content borders on BJODN. Blackcats 07:36, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do edit this page.


text:
Talk:The Lovely Bones (2007 movie)

Can we hold off on having this page until, oh, the movie is actually released? Does Wikipedia normally have pages for movies that haven't even been filmed yet?

OK, I'm writing the movie section of the novel article now; perhaps that will do until then?

Daniel Case 06:17, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * You could put it up on VfD but (as VfD is overflowing anyway) I simply made this a redirect to The Lovely Bones. Rl 07:16, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Lovely Bones (2007 movie)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rumer Willis

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Keep Zzyzx11 (Talk) 03:55, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Rumer Willis
Not notable in her own right. RickK 06:18, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Chances are she'll become notable in due course, but not yet. Weak delete. --W(t) 06:24, 2005 May 30 (UTC)
 * Delete I agree. Xcali 06:33, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, she's been in a bunch of movies already. She was the daughter in Hostage, for example. Adam Bishop 06:34, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: Excerpt from What Wikipedia is not: "Wikipedia is not a paper encyclopedia. This means that topical treatments can be rather large, can include any relevant links, and can be more timely, etc. It also means that the style and length of writing appropriate for paper is not necessarily a limitation here." - it can be a little timely - and I think it should be our goal to have a little bit of information on everything - weather it be a true entry or just a stub. Even if just one person one time is reading something and wonders "Who's Rumer Willis?" and visits the Rumer Willis page would justify having it in my mind.  --Imaek 07:10, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Yawn. The old "Let's put in an article on every person who ever existed and ever will exist" argument.  Still doesn't fly.  RickK 07:41, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, because of the appearance in Hostage and because people would want to look her up. Kappa 07:19, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, apart from her role in Hostage, IMDB also reports she had an uncredited role in The Whole Nine Yards and named roles in "Striptease" and "Now and Then". I've seen actors kept with less impressive credits. Mgm|(talk) 07:23, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Really? Can you name one?  RickK 07:45, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * How about that one that appeared in a couple of no budget indie films and keeps coming up on VfD? At least this kid appeared in films that people watched... Average Earthman 20:28, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonnotable, fancruft. --Angr/undefined 09:00, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup, concur with MGM. Megan1967 09:28, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * delete; merge the little info into both her parent's pages. Dunc|☺ 09:46, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * You can't delete and merge because of the GFDL. You might want to merge and redirect instead. Mgm|(talk) 10:13, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * No I want to delete it and the information merged with both of her parent's pages, like I said. Dunc|☺ 19:00, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Week keep. — Phil Welch 09:47, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep child of famous parents with film appearances to her name. Capitalistroadster 23:58, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. That argument still flies very well.  Almafeta 03:45, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't know if an imdb entry with minor film roles by itself, or being the child of extremely famous celebrities by itself, is enough.  But the two together, certainly.  Postdlf 17:18, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. As I've met her, she's a pretty cool girl, and she's working her way through Hollywood, and even though it certainly helps to have her genes, she deserves her own entry... may not be much, but it's worth keeping. FutureNJGov 18:18, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please because she is notable Yuckfoo 16:11, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep some notability. JamesBurns 08:57, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
PIW

PIW may refer to:

 * Public Interest Watch, a US group that claims to fight charitable trust abuse
 * Pikwitonei Airport, the IATA code for the airport in Canada
 * PIW or Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy (State Publishing Institute), Polish publishing house founded in 1946
 * pounds per inch width, an imperial measure
 * Person in water, a term used by water rescue teams in the case of a Man overboard.

PIW

title: PIW


text:
Věra Suková

Věra Suková (née Pužejová) (13 June 1931 – 13 May 1982) was a tennis player from Czechoslovakia. She was the women's singles runner-up at Wimbledon in 1962, losing to Karen Hantze Susman 6–4, 6–4.

Suková was a women's singles semifinalist at the French Championships in 1957 and 1963. She teamed with Jiří Javorský to win the mixed doubles title at that tournament in 1957. They were the runners-up in 1961. According to Lance Tingay, Suková was ranked in the world top ten in 1957, 1962, and 1963, reaching a career high of World No. 5 in those rankings in 1962.

Suková was the Czechoslovak national women's singles champion 11 times between 1952 and 1964. After retirement from tennis, Suková served as the coach of Czechoslovakia's national women's team. Under her guidance, the team won the Fed Cup in 1975.

Personal life
Her husband Cyril Suk II, whom she married in 1961, was president of the Czechoslovak Tennis Federation. Their two children, Helena Suková (born 1965) and Cyril Suk III (born 1967), both became successful professional tennis players. Věra Suková died from brain cancer in 1982.

title: Věra Suková


text:
User:Jondel/Genius

ust as Dr Ericsson took people with no discernible talent and >turned them into champions, so, in a fashion, did a Hungarian, >Laszlo Polgar. When he began training his daughters, it was widely >believed that women could not play serious tournament chess. But >through a deliberate (and still continuing) psychological >experiment, Dr Polgar and his wife created a trio of world-class >chess champions out of their own daughters, overturning this >prejudice. > >By 1992, all three had reached the women's top ten worldwide. The >third, who presumably received the most refined training regimen, >became the youngest grandmaster in the history of the game and is >reckoned by her peers to have a good chance of becoming world >champion one day. With remarkable, if not hubristic, prescience, Dr >Polgar had written a detailed book on the subject of child rearing, >entitled "Bring Up Genius!" before beginning the coaching of his >children. But would any child reared by such a parent have become a >chess prodigy? > >Ellen Winner, a psychologist at Boston College who has been studying >the relationship between exposure to the arts and subsequent >academic achievement, believes not. She argues that only children >with the "rage to master" a skill could make it through the >gruelling years of training needed to achieve expert ability. The >rage to master may be the point at which nature unequivocally makes >its constraints felt. Even Dr Ericsson concedes that there might be >a genetic component separating the child willing to persevere with a >rigorous schedule from the child who would rather play videogames. http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=471563

From the Devniad, Bob Devney: http://members.aol.com/~bobdevney/DEVAD27.html > BC psychologist Ellen Winner and her book Gifted Children:: Myths >and Realities (Basic Books, 1996). > >Here's a paragraph from the article that's sure to disappoint as >many as 99.9% of us, not-quite-Leonardos all. > >"Gifted children have three telltale characteristics, Winner says. >First, they begin to master an area of knowledge, or domain, such as >math, drawing or chess, at an extremely early age, before starting >school. Second, they need little help from adults in that domain, >solving problems in often-novel ways, with each discovery fueling >the next step. And third, they have what she describes as a rage to >master their domain, working at it intensively and obsessively, >often isolating themselves from others in order to pursue it. These >children push themselves, achieve "flow states" in their work, and >beg their parents for the books, musical instruments or art supplies >they need to feed their passion. They need stimulating environments >to develop their talents, Winner says of these children, but the >demand comes from them, not the parents." > >Her examples include Michael Kearney, who read signs and labels out >loud at the supermarket aged 10 months. (He's now the country's only >12-year-old graduate student in anthropology.) Or KyLee, who divined >the existence of prime numbers on his own at age 5. > >Sorry, friend. She's not talking here about when you begged Mom for >books on horses or Tom Swift when you were eight. > >Or, sad to say, even about me.

http://www.edge.org/documents/archive/edge29.html >As Ellen Winner argues in Gifted Children (Basic Books, 1996), >prodigies can be distinguished from an early age from their peers. >Prodigies show a fascination (bordering on obsession) with a certain >content (e.g., numbers, visual patterns, auditory musical patterns) >and they have a rage to master the domains that deal with such >specific content. While they may have parental support, this support >is reactive rather than initiating. Moreover, prodigies - unlike the >rest of us - do not simply follow the conventional educational >pattern. They pose new questions, and they often solve domain issues >wholly or largely on their own. Philosopher Saul Kripke conjectures >that if algebra had not existed when he was in elementary school, he >would have invented it; and this kind of comment (whatever its truth >value in the specific case) captures quite accurately the mental >attitudes and powers of prodigies. > >No one understands the origins of prodigies. We simply have to >generate satisfying ways of thinking about them. I find it useful to >think of prodigies as having the same strategies and parameters with >reference to their chosen content domain that all normal individuals >have with respect to the mastery of one natural language. (In other >words, we are all linguistic prodigies, while prodigies in other >domains are rare). The prodigy seems "pretuned" to discover patterns >in the domain, including ones that have eluded others. Perhaps, if >it is to result in achievements that are valued by the adult >society, this gift has eventually to be wedded to strong motivation >(to succeed, to master) and to be creative (to step out in new >directions); and, if it is to be distinguished from the mechanistic >ability of the savant, it has eventually to be linked to wider >problems, including issues from other domains. Dean Keith Simonton >has written interestingly about the possibility that genius involves >the very occasional concatenation of these disparate human >proclivities and talents. > >I think that one is far more likely to understand Mozart, Bobby >Fischer, or Ramanujun if one assumes that they differ in fundamental >ways from the rest of the population than if one has to gerrymander >an explanation that simply builds on the general abilities of the >general public. Whether Ramanujun may have recalled an earlier feat >of calculation, and whether the rest of us could also recognize the >special features of the number 1729 is beside the point. Ramanujun >is honored because he covered several hundred years of mathematics >on his own in India and then made original contributions to number >theory after he joined G. H. Hardy in Cambridge.

http://www.megafoundation.org/Ubiquity/May00/BookReview1_5.html

Dr. Winner's Nine Myths About the Gifted. Myth #1: Giftedness, when it occurs, is generally global. The Reality: More often than not, children are unevenly gifted,often being especially gifted in one area. It's not uncommon to find them quite gifted in a specific area, but average or learning-disabled in another. (She gives the example of adult inventors with verbal IQ's of 60.)

Myth 2: Talented children face different problems than gifted children. The Reality: Specially talented children face the same problems as the globally gifted.

Myth 3: An exceptionally high IQ is required for giftedness. The Reality: Once the IQ exceeds 90, a high IQ is irrelevant in the fields of music and art.

Myth 4: "Genius will out". The Reality: Families play a far more important role in the development of gifts than do schools, and are essential to the development of the gifted or talents child. Genius must be nurtured.

Myth 5: Genius is entirely environmental. The Reality: The brains of the gifted are atypical. Their heads tend to be larger, their reflexes are faster, and their brains show atypical brain scan patterns. Brain structure, brain size, brain speed, brain efficiency, bilateral representation of language, language-related problems, non-right-handedness, immune system disorders. Programs such as the Japanese Suzuki Method of training students to play the violin can elicit remarkable results in children, but they don't produce musically gifted children. (Driven from within, prodigies are their own taskmasters. If anything, these programs testify to the biological basis of precocity.). Chinese drawing instruction produces the same kinds of dramatic juvenile output, but doesn't lead to true artistry, or to spontaneous learning of artistic principles.

Myth 6: Prodigies are the result of parents that push their children. The Reality: Prodigies usually push their parents.

Myth 7: Gifted children are glowing with psychological health. The Reality: As with a disability, giftedness can lead to unhappiness and social isolation. With adult minds in children's bodies, profoundly gifted children tend to be persecuted by other children. They tend to find little commonality with their age peers, relating to older children or adults.

Myth 8: All children are gifted. The Reality: Nobody doubts that some children are musical or athletic prodigies. Nobody expects a small kid to become a tight end, or a short child to become a Harlem Globetrotter. Gifted children are biologically different. If you doubt it, try to raise someone's 90 IQ to 150. Dr. Winner cites the intriguing case of Charles, versus Eitan and Peter. All three boys were obsessed with drawing. However, Eitan and Peter were far ahead of their years, whereas Charles, in spite of all the drawing he did, never exceeded the norms for his age group.

Myth 9: Gifted children become eminent adults. The Reality: Personality attributes more reliably predict what will happen in adulthood than does the child's degree of giftedness.

Child prodigies are characterized by:

 * Precocity
 * Marching to their own drummers
 * A rage to master

Dr. Winner cites two examples of global prodigies, "David" and Michael Kearney. David began to speak at eight months, and by fifteen months, knew 200 words. David learned to read at three, pushing his mother to show him what the words meant. Then he began to read voraciously, several books at a time. At five, he had reached a fifth grade reading level. At fifteen months, he could count to ten. At four, he could do simple two-digit additions in his head. One way to describe David and other super-bright children with a "rage to learn" is that they manipulate their environments in order to render them intellectually stimulating. Michael and Maeghan Kearney exemplify these characteristics. (Please see also the Book Review "Accidental Genius" in the Premier Issue of Ubiquity.) Michael began to talk at 4 months and to read at 10 months. He began high school at 5, and graduated from high school at 6, promptly entering San Joaquin Junior College. At 10, he graduated from the University of South Alabama with a 3.6 average in anthropology, and graduated from Middle Tennessee State University at 14 with a degree in chemistry. (He holds four academic records in the Guinness Book of World Records.) Maeghan is equally intelligent, although not as far advanced scholastically as Michael. Both Michael and Maeghan are globally gifted, and presumably, at the upper limit of the human register. Both of them exhibited a "rage to learn" and a need to stimulate their minds that was almost like a "magnificent addiction". Both of them pushed their parents. Their parents devoted all their resources to supporting their unique children, moving around the country and making the sacrifices necessary to nurture their children's gifts. The parents have gone all-out to ensure that Michael and Maeghan are as well-rounded and emotionally healthy as possible, and that they have had childhoods that are as normal as children this precocious can have.

The Gifted Child:

math the way normal children induce the rules of syntax 6th-grade level at 5 isn't unusual. spatial, and working memory tend to go tegether.
 * Is very alert
 * Recognizes people at an early age
 * Has a preference for novelty
 * Is precocious in raising head, sitting up, walking, etc.
 * Talks early and well
 * Tends to be verreactive to noise, pain, frustration
 * Learns with minimal instruction
 * Is highly curious
 * Exhibits persistence and concentration
 * Possesses high energy
 * Has a metacognitive awareness. Induces rules if reading and
 * Has obsessive interests
 * Tends to begin reading early and voraciously. Reading at
 * Is adept with numbers. Mathematically giftedness: numerical,
 * Has a good memory
 * Is proficient at abstract logical reasoning
 * Tends to have poor handwriting
 * Engages in solitary play (by default)
 * Prefers to associate with older children or adults
 * Exhibits philosophical and moral concerns
 * Possesses a good sense of humor
 * Experiences of awe

The highly gifted child:

first-born or only children. stimulation, combined with nurturance and support.
 * Occupies a special position within the family: often
 * Grows up in "enriched" environments. Adam Konantovich.
 * Typically has child-centered parents. Yehudi Menuhin
 * Parents are driven.
 * Has parents who grant considerable independence.
 * Flourishes in an envrionment of high expectations and

When parents push too hard, the child may rebel or "burn out" Examples of this phenomenon are John Stuart Mill and William Sidis.

Social and emotional problems

values, will, and nonconformity. because they want social acceptance.
 * Is characterized by autonomy, independence of thought and
 * Engages in advanced moral reasoning.
 * Tends toward introversion.
 * Has heightened sensitivity.
 * Loneliness
 * Lowered social self-Confidence
 * Does the label "Gifted" cause problems?
 * May underperform because they are underchallenged, and/or
 * Enjoys a challenge
 * Sets high standards
 * Generally has academic self-esteem

Gender differences: Boys with SAT math scores above 700 were 13 times as prevalent as girls. (However, the ratio is only 4:1 among Asian-Americans taking the SAT.).

Terman Study The Terman-Cox Longitudinal (Lifetime) Study of Gifted Children began in 1921-22 with a screening of ~250,000 schoolchildren in California. Nominally, the top 1% were to be accepted into the study, but in reality, only 1,526, or (0.6%) were accepted. To compound the problem, the initial screening for the Terman Study was performed by teachers. We know today what they didn't know in 1921: that the brightest-seeming, best-behaved children may not be the brightest. The brightest may be bored troublemakers or argumentative with the teacher. In reality, the Terman Study selected much less than half--perhaps, 20%- of the children who would later become gifted adults. In particular, it missed the two children who would later become Nobel Laureates in physics--Dr. William Shockley and Dr. Luis Alvarez. Dr. Terman laid by the heels the adage, "Early to ripen, early to rot". For the most part, his "Termites" went on to become successful professionals. However, in his zeal to counter the pejorative notions about prodigies that pervaded the public mind, Dr. Terman went a little overboard. His data actually showed that the brighter the child, the less well-adjusted he/she. was. There was a "sweet spot" ranging from IQ 120 to, perhaps, IQ 150 where the individual is smarter than the average bear, but not so smart that they have problems adjusting to a lesser world--like the plight of a 6' 4" man versus that of his 7' counterpart.

Gifted Programs Special Problems for Gifted Children

busywork, gifted children are often misdiagnosed with ADHD. learning disabled.
 * Because of their high energy levels and boredom with trivial
 * Difficult to distinguish between boredom, disturbed, or
 * 30% show a discrepency between MA and reading achievement.

Types of Gifted Programs

 * Egalitarianism.
 * Ability grouping
 * Acceleration
 * Home schooling is last resort. Can't be with their peers.

Dr. Winner has this to say about our current offerings for gifted students:

 * American schools have low standards
 * Low standards lead to underachievement
 * School plays litle or no role in the nurturing of their gifts
 * Gifted chidren from disadvantaged backgrounds suffer most.

Options:

 * Private schools
 * Magnet schools
 * Gifted programs
 * CTY

In 1972, the Marland Report concluded that:

their schools. discrepency between abilities and what schools could offer them. special educational treatment. Only about a fifth of our states include the gifted as special education students covered by the law for the handicapped.
 * Only 4% of gifted students were getting any kind of special services
 * Half the superintendents said they had no gifted children in
 * Gifted are the most "retarded" in their schools because of
 * Only disabled children have a law mandating that they get

The Riley Report, a Follow-Up Study to the Marland Report:

than to gifted children.
 * Again deplored the state of gifted education in our country.
 * Observed that we offer far more services to retarded children

full-day programs supervision and are in institutions.
 * IQ's 2 s. d. below the mean (68) are given special help.
 * IQ's 3 s. d. below the mean (52) are enrolled in partial or
 * IQ's 4 s. d. below the mean (36) are given special

Dr. Winner Concludes that:

 * We should pull up all school standards.
 * We are wasting what few gifted resources we have.

The Gifted Child Grows Up Benjamin Bloom: Not one world-class performer in a variety of fields, including math, art, music, and athletics ever achieved expertise without a supportive and encouraging environment, including a long and intensive period of training, first from loving and warm teachers, and then from demanding and rigorous master teachers. Anders Ericsson: Levels of achievement reached in piano, violin, chess, bridge, and athletics correlate highly with hours of deliberate practice. (Shows necessity but not sufficiency.)

Childhood: 30% hereditary, 30% family environment, 40% other environmental. Adolesence: 50% hereditary, 10% familial, with 40% environmental. Adulthood: 75% heredity, 5% childhood background, 15% environmental, 15% error.

Eitan lost his passion for art. Out of 70 musical prodigies in San Francisco in the 20's and 30's, only 6 (including Yehudi Menuhin and Leon Fischer) went on to become well-known soloists. Norbert Wiener, Jean Piaget, and Pablo Picasso went on to become highly successful adults. There are four classes of outcomes:

ability but a rebellious disposition.
 * Gifted children who drop out. Wiener made it; Sidis didn't.
 * Gifted children who become experts, but not creative geniuses.
 * Gifted children who become adult geniuses. Not only early
 * Late bloomers. Bill Gates, Edwin Land, Buckminster Fuller

Terman subjects were too well-adjusted. Adult geniuses stand out far more clearly in personality and motivational factors. Above an IQ of 120, there is no relationshiip between IQ and genius. Some inventors have verbal IQ's as low as 60. Shockley and Alvarez. Marilyn vos Savant. IQ tests tell nothing about social skills, intrapersonal skills, "practical" intelligence, and resilience. (Quotation about high-IQ societies.)

Greatest classical composers tended to have been child prodigies. Prodigies take about three fewer years to achieve greatness, and they tend to achieve greater adult eminence. However, the majority are not child prodigies. Writing and the visual arts, and law and medicine don't lend themselves to prodigies. Of Feldman's and Goldsmith's six prodigies, only one chose a career directly related to his or her field of precocity. Violin prodigy became a world-class violinist. Writing prodigy became a writer for a music magazine. Adam Konantovich attended an ordinary college and had a spotty record. The math prodigy who entered college at 13 went to work at Goddard. The two chess prodigies quit by 10 or 11. One did poorly in school; the other went to law school. Adult creativity requires more than mechanical knowledge. Adolescebnt identity crisis when prodigy realizes that it takes more than mere know-how. Geniuses are hard-driving, focussed, dominant, independent risk-takers. Drive and energy. Attention, interest, and flow. Dominance, confidence, and tolerance of competition. Independence and introversion. Risk taking and a desire to shake things up. Gender. Luck.

The news that I find perhaps the most disturbing is that most child prodigies don't mature into adult leaders in their fields. Once the IQ reaches or exceeds a level of 120, there is no correlation between adult intellectual output and IQ(!).On the other hand, (1) There is a tremendous change in capability going from IQ 80 to IQ 120, (2) The average IQ of Ph. D.'s is 130; (3) The average IQ of Ph. D. physicists is 140.

Obviously, you have a better chance of becoming a Ph. D. physicist if your IQ is 160 than you do if it's 120. This conclusion of flat performance once the IQ exceeds 120 flies in the face of common sense. If this is true, what are we doing wrong?

Says only 2 or 3 in 100 have IQ's of 130 or above. Only one in a hundred has an IQ of 140 or above. 1 in 10,000-to-30,000 will score 160 or higher, only 1 in a 1,000,000 will exceed 180. Highest Termite score was 196; average was 150. Average Ph. D. is 130; average Ph. D. physicist is 140.

Ellen Winner

Gifted Children: Myths and Realities

The term "gifted" is emotionally loaded. Throughout history, genius has often been seen as one aspect of insanity. Aristotle's observation "There was never a great genius without a tincture of madness" continues to be believed as common folklore.

People also tend to believe that intellectualism and practicality are incompatible. It is expressed in such sayings as "He (or she) is too smart for his (her) own good" or "It's not smart to be too smart." High intelligence is often assumed to be incompatible with happiness.

Gifted children too have inspired fascination and awe, as well as intimidation and envy. They have been rejected as nerds. Their parents have been derided as zealots who live through their children and deprive them of their childhood.

Our schools have often been criticized for refusing to modify the curriculum for the gifted, or for pulling the smart kids in from other schools in order to fill a gifted program. Despite lip service paid to the gifted our society ignores the problem of how to identify and nurture children with exceptional abilities.

In her new book "Gifted Children: Myths and Realities," Boston College psychologist Ellen Winner examines the issues associated with gifted children. In the book Winner explores the myths about giftedness and shows us what these children are really like.

http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:www.interviewcentral.com/winner_1 97.html+%22rage+to+master%22+ellen+winner+boston+&hl=en&client=googlet

Tischler: How did you become interested in the topic of gifted children?

Winner: I am a developmental psychologist, so I am interested in normal development. I also have been particularly interested in artistic development, and as soon as you are interested in artistic and musical children you are exposed to issues of extreme ability and talent.

I also became interested in this topic because psychologists seem to know a good deal more about the negative aspects of development than the positive. We know a lot more about retardation than we do about giftedness. So I felt there was much research that needed to be done.

Tischler: I have often noticed a level of hostility and resentment toward programs for the gifted. Why is that the case?

Winner: I think that they are threatening. I think people feel envious also. There is also an anti-elitism strain and an anti--intellectualism strain. It's interesting, because I don't think that we feel as hostile towards children who are artistically or musically gifted or athletically talented. We are perfectly willing to accept that there are children at the high end in those areas. We know that these children get extra and special lessons after school. The academically gifted, however, seem to bother people. If there are certain children who are the academic elite, it means there are others who are not, and people do not want to think that.

Tischler: In your book you mention several traits that are associated with gifted children. What are these traits?

Winner: I talk about three traits. The first is precocity. These children are extremely precocious. They do things years ahead of their peers. For example, in the academic area they may start to read at age two or three. They will talk early. One gifted child started to talk before he was six months old. He was reading before he was twelve months old. That was the most extreme case, a child named Michael Carney, who has been in the news often. He was the youngest college graduate ever, graduating at age ten.

A second characteristic is what I call a rage to master. Gifted children are internally driven. They are driven to master their area of talent. You don't need to push these children. They are pushing themselves.

The third characteristic is that these children march to their own drummer. They are not just faster, they are also different. One way that they are different is that they are extremely independent. They need almost no adult support in order to master their domain. In fact, they are often resistant to adult interference. They are also different in that they seem to solve problems in unusual ways. They don't just solve problems faster, but they come up with intuitive and creative solutions.

Tischler: Is there a difference between the academically gifted and the aesthetically gifted?

Winner: In my book I talk about academic, musical, and artistic giftedness. In the academic area I distinguish between math and linguistic abilities. I think each of these areas has its own developmental history, its own early signs, and needs to be considered separately. The art and music children have all three of the criteria for giftedness that I just mentioned.

I think it is a mistake to differentiate too strongly between the aesthetically gifted and the academically gifted. We tend to call academically gifted children "gifted," and musically and artistically gifted "talented." We imply that there is some qualitative difference between these two classes of children. I don't think they are qualitatively different except for the domain in which they have their talent. The musically and artistically talented are also extremely precocious, they have this rage to master and they also march to their own drummer.

Tischler: You also take issue with the statement that many teachers make that all children are gifted and they all have talents that just need to be nurtured and developed.

Winner: About twenty years the view was that no children were gifted. Today the politically correct thing to say is that all children are gifted. It also means that we do not need to do anything for these children, because there are no special children and every child has a gift. Of course every child has relative strengths and weaknesses, but that is not the same as saying that every child has an extreme area of ability. In my book I am talking about children who are extremely gifted. It is certainly not the case that all children are extremely gifted.

Tischler: How extensive are the programs for the gifted?

Winner: We really don't do that much, and it is particularly a problem during the elementary school years. The most common form of program for the gifted is an enrichment or pull-out program. That means that the child is taken out of the classroom once or twice a week for a forty minute session of a class that, it might involve field trips, creative problem solving, projects, and just about anything. These programs are not geared to any particular area of giftedness and the way to get into these programs is to score 130 on an IQ test or by a teacher recommendation. This means that these programs are mostly populated by what I call moderately gifted children, and they are in there with the extremely gifted. These are minimal solutions to big problems. These kids then go back to the regular classroom and are asked to spend the rest of the week learning at a level for which they are much too advanced.

Parents of extremely gifted children need to find a school that is specially set up for these children. If that is not possible, I would recommend some moderate grade skipping, possibly one or two years. I would also recommend a school that allows the child to advance at his or her own pace. That might be the only solution parents can find today.

title: User:Jondel/Genius


text:
Überschall

Überschall (German Überschall: supersonic) is an improvisational rock band based in Las Vegas, Nevada consisting of past and present Blue Men and band members of Blue Man Group. Uberschall frequently performs at the Double-Down Saloon.

Members

 * Jordan Cohen - Drums
 * Christian Brady - Guitar
 * Charles Henry - Guitar
 * Elvis Lederer - Guitar
 * Wickett Tony Pickett - Bass
 * Jeff Tortora - Drums
 * Todd Waetzig - Drums

title: Überschall


text:
User:Imaek/Projects

 * Kesoten
 * RPGm
 * Hype

title: User:Imaek/Projects