text:
Talk:The Fionavar Tapestry

Untitled
Inappropriate link to Paul Schafer. The text refers to a fictional character, the link refers to a real person - who is very different in character to the fictional PS.

pov
Removed from article as non-NPOV:

In his writing, Kay manages to capture what has eluded so many of his colleagues in the fantasy genre: a pervading sense of reality in his world intermingled with elements mythical and fantastical to create a complex weaving of many different tones and patterns, an almost total antithesis to the one-dimensional settings of many a fantasy book or movie. His writing is also quite merciless at times, almost (but never quite) to the point of repugnance, resulting in an emotional intensity typically lacking from the works of lesser authors.

24.80.136.102 04:57, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

Major rework
Expanded the whole entry and added a framework (similar to that in some other book entries) to allow further elaboration. May have too much explanation in the character list, some perhaps belongs in the summaries? (I love these books, can you tell?) Bookgrrl 02:21, 23 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Maybe the deities should go to the Fionavar article. Pictureuploader 07:10, 23 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Good idea, makes more sense to have them there and limit this page to things specific to the events of the books... Bookgrrl 11:37, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Fansite tag
Removed fansite tag, as this article is no more a fansite than any of the other articles about book series. It lists characters, themes, the books in the series, etc just as other similar articles do (see The Dark is Rising, Category:Earthsea novels articles, Category:Wheel of Time books articles, etc. In fact, as articls about a series go, it's pretty conservative :)  --Bookgrrl holler/ lookee here  16:32, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070710214734/http://brightweavings.com/scholarship/weavinglegitimacy.htm to http://www.brightweavings.com/scholarship/weavinglegitimacy.htm

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Planned adaptation
Too early to say much but perhaps some suitable mention of the adaptation announcement of last week would be appropriate? SeoR (talk) 00:33, 24 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Fionavar Tapestry


text:
Gymea railway station

Gymea railway station is located on the Cronulla line, serving the Sydney suburb of Gymea. It is served by Sydney Trains T4 line services.

History
Gymea station opened on 16 December 1939 when the Cronulla line opened from Sutherland to Cronulla.

The station was upgraded in 2005 and given a lift and canopies over the stairs.

Originally, Gymea was one of two crossing loops on the line, with the other being at Caringbah. The section from Gymea to Caringbah was duplicated in 1985, and under the Rail Clearways Program, the remaining sections of single line railway from Sutherland to Gymea and Caringbah to Cronulla were duplicated in April 2010.

Transport links
U-Go Mobility operates two bus routes via Gymea station, under contract to Transport for NSW:
 * 974: Westfield Miranda to Gymea Bay
 * 975: Westfield Miranda to Grays Point

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gymea railway station


text:
The Metro Theatre

The Metro Theatre (commonly the Metro) is a music venue located on George Street, in the city centre of Sydney, Australia. The venue was redeveloped, from two former cinemas, by property developer Leon Fink.

The foyer of the Metro, designed by leading Australian stage designer Brian Thomson, features a lightweight plastic replica of the Art Deco crystal chandelier which once hung in Regent Theatre which formerly stood opposite the Metro in George Street.

Acts that perform at the Metro often include heavy metal music, indie-rock, and alternative bands, often of international fame. It was the venue for the now-legendary Sydney concerts in 1995 by Jeff Buckley and a record seven sold out shows in a row over six days in 1996 by You Am I, among many others.

It has two separate performance spaces inside the building, the Forum (often simply called the Metro) and the Transit Lounge (which, in January 2007, was re-launched and re-branded as the Lair). Up until 2007 it was not uncommon for both spaces to be used on the same night for different acts, with the larger of the two, the Forum, generally hosting the more famous act. Since the launch of the Lair the space has seldom been used for a public performance, as its primary function was to house MTV Australia's the Lair live music programme.

For a brief period in the second half of 2006 the venue was known as the Century Theatre after it went into receivership and was acquired by Century Venues. It was changed back to the Metro Theatre by October 2006.

On 16 September 2009 the Metro was rebranded as the Virgin Mobile Metro, after a sponsorship deal had been made. Dappled Cities Fly and the Seabellies both played at the launch night on 29 September 2009.

Performing acts at the Metro, Sydney

A list of some of the more famous musical acts that have performed at the Metro:

Australian acts that have played there include:
 * Sia
 * The Vines
 * The Smith Street Band
 * Short Stack
 * Angela's Dish
 * You Am I
 * Eskimo Joe
 * Pete Murray and the Stonemasons
 * Alex Lloyd
 * Spiderbait August 2014
 * Something for Kate
 * Gyroscope
 * Sugar Army
 * Young and Restless
 * Angelspit
 * Mortal Sin
 * 5 Seconds of Summer
 * 360
 * Safia
 * Jet
 * Parkway Drive
 * Thy Art Is Murder
 * Polaris
 * Psycroptic
 * Sam Fischer
 * Justice for the Damned

title: The Metro Theatre


text:
Portal:New Zealand/Did you know list

This page is for new pieces of Did you know content from New Zealand-related articles, to add to the "Did you know?" section of the New Zealand Wikiportal. It is hoped to change a fact each week, and use this page as a source of replacement items.

Please:
 * 1) ...add the new item to the end of this page.
 * 2) ...put the date the fact was added to this list (using five tildes).
 * 3) ...add (NEW) if the fact is from a new article (these should receive priority).
 * 4) ...add (PIC) if the page linked has a suitable image to use with the fact (remember it needs to be clear enough for the small size on the portal page).

New facts for "Did you know?"
...that former New Zealand rugby union player, James Allan, is regarded as the "first" All Black by the New Zealand Rugby Union due to alphabetical order?

...that A W B Powell wrote his 500-page work New Zealand Mollusca single-handedly over 50 years?

...that All Blacks hooker Andy Dalton suffered an injury that kept him out of the 1987 Rugby World Cup, preventing him from captaining the side that went on to win the event?

...that singer Brooke Fraser is the daughter of former All Black Bernie Fraser?

...that New Zealand rugby union player Mark Hammett won four Super 12 titles with the Crusaders between 1996 and 2003 before being appointed as their assistant coach for 2007?

...that New Zealand rugby union player Billy Stead co-authored The Complete Rugby Footballer while on tour with the All Blacks?

...the New Zealand is the largest part of the sunken continent of Zealandia remaining above sea level, followed by New Caledonia? (PIC)

...that the Coenocorypha snipes (pictured alongside a Godwit) once ranged from New Caledonia and Fiji to New Zealand but are now restricted to New Zealand's outlying islands?

...that Pectinaria australis, a marine ice cream cone worm of New Zealand, builds a delicate tube home from sand grains only one grain thick?

...that the Dunedin Southern Motorway is the world's southernmost motorway? (NEW)

...that the famous film '"Lord of The Rings"' was filmed in New Zealand. ...that the Dunedin, the first commercially successful refrigerated ship, ushered in a meat and dairy boom in Australasia and South America with its first shipment in 1882? (featured on main page DYK on June 1 2007)

title: Portal:New Zealand/Did you know list


text:
Talk:United Peoples Party (Fiji)

Untitled
Why is this apge renamed into United Peoples Party? Electionworld 10:39, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:United Peoples Party (Fiji)


text:
Category:Mountains of Lesotho

The mountains of Lesotho.

title: Category:Mountains of Lesotho


text:
Jerome Hill

James Jerome Hill II (March 2, 1905 – November 21, 1972) was an American filmmaker and artist known for his award-winning documentary and experimental films, one of which won him an Academy Award.

Career
Hill was the child of railroad executive Louis W. Hill.

He was educated at Yale, where he drew covers, caricatures and cartoons for campus humor magazine The Yale Record.

His 1950 documentary Grandma Moses, written and narrated by Archibald MacLeish, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Short Subject, Two-reel. He won the 1958 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for his film Albert Schweitzer.

In addition to making films, he was a painter and composer.

His last film, the autobiographical Film Portrait (1972), was added to the National Film Registry in 2003.

Philanthropy
Hill founded the Jerome Foundation, which gives grants to non-profit arts organizations and artists in Minnesota and New York City. Hill started it as the Avon Foundation in 1964, but after his death it was renamed the Jerome Foundation. Among the projects the foundation funds is the American Composers Forum's Jerome Fund for New Music, which supports the creation of new works of music with grants to composers.

Hill also founded the Camargo Foundation in 1967, which administers an artists residency in Cassis, France.

Personal life
Hill was a stakeholder in Sugar Bowl Ski Resort. He had a chalet built at Sugar Bowl and, while living there, paid for and operated "The Magic Carpet", the first aerial tramway on the west coast.

Filmography (as director)

 * 1932 La cartomancienne
 * 1937 Ski Flight, featuring Otto Lang
 * 1950 Grandma Moses, written and narrated by Archibald MacLeish
 * 1950 Cassis
 * 1957 Albert Schweitzer, won Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature
 * 1961 The Sand Castle with Mabel Mercer
 * 1964 Open the Door and see all the People
 * 1965 Magic Umbrella
 * 1966 Death in the Forenoon
 * 1968 The Artist's Friend
 * 1969 Canaries
 * 1969 Merry Christmas
 * 1972 Film Portrait, added to the National Film Registry in 2003
 * 1991 Carl G. Jung or Lapis Philosophorum (material from an abandoned project, shot 1950, edited and published by Jonas Mekas)

title: Jerome Hill


text:
Epsilon Carinae

Epsilon Carinae (ε Carinae, abbreviated Epsilon Car, ε Car), officially named Avior, is a binary star in the southern constellation of Carina. At apparent magnitude +1.86 it is one of the brightest stars in the night sky, but is not visible from most of the northern hemisphere. The False Cross is an asterism formed of Delta Velorum, Kappa Velorum, Iota Carinae and ε Carinae. It is so called because it is sometimes mistaken for the Southern Cross, causing errors in astronavigation.

Epsilon Carinae is located roughly 560 - 660 ly from the Sun. Measurements during the Hipparcos mission give the pair an angular separation of 0.46 arcseconds with a difference in magnitude of 2.0. At their estimated distance, this angle is equivalent to a physical separation of around 4 astronomical units.

The primary component has an apparent visual magnitude of 2.2, which by itself would still make it the third-brightest star in the constellation. It is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III. However, examination of the ultraviolet flux from this star suggests it may instead be of spectral type K7. The fainter secondary companion has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.1, which, if it were a solitary star, would be bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. This is a hot, core hydrogen-fusing B-type main sequence star of spectral class B2 Vp. The secondary may itself have an orbiting stellar companion of spectral class F8. This pair may form an eclipsing binary system with a period of 785 days (2.15 years), resulting in a magnitude change of 0.12 during each eclipse.

Etymology
ε Carinae (Latinised to Epsilon Carinae) is the star's Bayer designation.

The name Avior is not classical in origin. It was assigned to the star by HM Nautical Almanac Office in the late 1930s during the creation of The Air Almanac, a navigational almanac for the Royal Air Force. Of the fifty-seven navigation stars included in the new almanac, two had no classical names: Epsilon Carinae and Alpha Pavonis. The RAF insisted that all of the stars must have names, so new names were invented. Alpha Pavonis was named "Peacock", a translation of Pavo, whilst Epsilon Carinae was called "Avior". Donald Sadler, then Superintendent of HM Nautical Almanac Office, recounted this in his memoirs but failed to explain the etymology of the invented name. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Avior for this star.

In Chinese, 海石 (Hǎi Shí), meaning Sea Rock, refers to an asterism consisting of ε Carinae, Iota Carinae, HD 83183, HD 84810 and Upsilon Carinae. Consequently, ε Carinae itself is known as 海石一 (Hǎi Shí yī, the First Star of Sea Rock.)

title: Epsilon Carinae


text:
User talk:Oliyoung

Welcome
Hello Oliyoung,

Welcome and enjoy Wikipedia. Your edits are much appreciated.

These links might help you with your contributions:
 * Tutorial
 * Manual of Style
 * Policies and Guidelines

For Wikipedia-wide involvement, visit the Communtiy Portal and the Village Pump.

Be sure to check out Australian resources, like The Australia Wikiportal, Australian Wikipedians' Notice Board, Australian Collaboration of the Fortnight, New Australian Articles and Australian stub articles. You can list yourself at Australian Wikipedians.

Also, seeing as though you're an Adelaidean, have you considered participating in WikiProject Adelaide? We need all the help we can get!

Again, welcome.--Cyberjunkie 10:42, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

WG
Thankyou for the kind words regarding the article! :) -  Gt 13:59, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:H sign post.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:H sign post.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Canley 06:52, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Adelaide United
My apologies. I didn't realise they were doing it that way. It's silly to have a cup competition at the end of the season anyway. Adelaide was clearly the best side over the season. I won't even mention which bunch of useless, orange duffers I barrack for. James James 00:41, 18 January 2006 (UTC) NP - Yeh, completely agree, it's stupid comprise to the usual Australian sports -- and yes we were, and you are :D

to do lists
Oli, since you recently added several article links to Template:Adelaide tasks that already exist (and are not stubs), could you please consider adding todo lists on the talk pages of those articles to show why they are still open tasks. Thanks. --Scott Davis Talk 23:39, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Port Adelaide Football Club Revert
thanks for the revert on Port Adelaide Football Club. I notice though that you missed some of the vandalism (in the "Greatest Team of the Greatest Club" section) so I reverted it back further to my last revert. Just so you know what on earth I was doing. Cheers --Roisterer 09:46, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

WP A-League player project
Hi Oliyoung! I just wanted to let you know about the big WikiProject A-League 2005–06 player project. It is an attempt to bring the articles on every player who played in the A-League in 2005–06 up to standard. Check out the main page for the player project to get the full list of players as well as useful links and stats to help out. Hopefully we can get the full list done before the beginning of the 2006–07 season. Don't forget to update the counts (they will automatically update the status bar) as you go. Thanks! AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 10:16, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Portal:Australia/Anniversaries
Hi Oliyoung. I have started a proposal at Portal talk:Australia for an inclusion of an anniversary/on this day section to be displayed on the portal. If you are interested in this making this happen, you can comment there or go to the anniversary pages and adding in things that you consider to be notable. Regards, Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 07:46, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Meetup on 24th August 2006
Apologies if you're already aware of this, but the Inaugural Adelaide Meetup will take place on Thursday 24th of August at Brougham Place Uniting Church, thanks to Alex Sims. Please indicate if you will attend or not.

This message left by May the Force be with you! Shr e shth91 ($ |-| ŗ 3 $ |-| ţ |-|) on behalf of [ælfəks], 10:05, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Roman Karmen
Are you sure about 'Leningrad'? I believe he reconstructed the meeting of Soviet troops at Stalingrad. Xx236 08:35, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

Expansion of WP:A-League
Hi Oliyoung,

Just thought I'd let you know there is currently a proposal to expand WikiProject A-League to include all areas of football/soccer in Australia, including the NSL, A-League, Socceroos, state leagues and more. A more formal proposal page can be found here. Please indicate whether you support the idea or not at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject A-League, and also add your 2c about what the new project should be called. Cheers! – AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 04:10, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Meetup on 23rd April 2007
Hi Oli,

Apologies if you're already aware of this, but I'd like to let you know that the second Adelaide Meetup will take place on Monday 23rd of April at ZUMA Caffe, 56 Gouger Street, Adelaide. The meeting is at 7:30am for breakfast with Wikipedia founder Jimbo Wales. Please see Meetup/Adelaide/Meetup 2 for more details and indicate if you might attend.

Thanks,–cj | talk 13:48, 23 March 2007 (UTC) NB: The above message is being delivered to users who are listed at WikiProject Adelaide or in Category:Wikipedians in South Australia with AutoWikiBrowser.

Adelaide Wikimeetup 3
Hi Oli - we're planning a third meetup in Adelaide sometime in the coming weeks, and would love to have you there. If you can, please help decide a location, a date and a time here. Thanks!

Adelaide Wikimeetup 3
Hi Oliyoung - after some planning we've decided to hold the third Adelaide Wikimeetup on Sunday, 17th February, 2008. The meeting will be held at Billy Baxter's in Rundle Mall at 11:30AM. Further details and directions are available on the meetup page. Please RSVP here by 20:00UTC on 15th February 2008 (that's 6AM Saturday for our time zone) so that we can inform the restaurant about numbers. Hope to see you there!

You are receiving this message because you are in Category:Wikipedians in South Australia or are listed at WP:ADEL. If this has been sent in error, please accept our apologies!

On behalf of Riana ⁂, 11:28, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

NowCommons: Image:IMG 3005.jpg
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Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have (or very recently had) enabled.

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Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 18:59, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Future of WikiProject Association Football in Australia
There is a discussion on the future direction of WikiProject Association Football in Australia. To view the discussion see ‘’’here’’’. You have received this message because you were a member of the former WikiProject:A-League. Hack (talk) 06:49, 5 August 2011 (UTC)

Invitation to Adelaide Wikipedia Users Group meetings
Hi, in case you're not already aware of it, a group of Adelaide Wikipedians has been meeting on a monthly basis since April, with the aim of improving the scope and quality of articles on South Australian topics. We meet at UniSA's City West campus, and our 23 July meeting will have a guest speaker from the National Trust of SA.

This coming Sunday, 6 July, we will be holding our first Edit-a-thon. This will be an opportunity for new editors to come and learn either basic or more advanced editing from very experienced wikipedians, so if you know anyone who would like to get some practice, please let them know - and beginners will be very welcome. Cheers, Bahudhara (talk) 05:53, 4 July 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:17, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Adelaide Meetup 22 – Friday 6 March 2020
WikiProject Adelaide Meetup 22 has been hastily arranged, spread the word!

DATE: Friday 6 March 2020

TIME: 5.00–6.30 pm

VENUE: Cafe Amore, 162-170 Pulteney St, Adelaide

Celebrate the long weekend with a meet-up and discuss what you'd like to see in the world of Wikimedia in 2020. Sign-up and RSVP here.

Sent by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) on behalf of WikiProject Adelaide at 22:16, 5 March 2020 (UTC). You received this message because your user page is in Category:Wikipedians in South Australia. If you do not wish to receive future notifications, please advise Wikipedia talk:Meetup/Adelaide.

Hallo .my name atef dridi ..evrithik schpert
Email fcbook my telephon 62.143.106.44 (talk) 16:01, 21 November 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Oliyoung


text:
User talk:MarSch/deleteproposal

Hi there! By your request, I've looked over this. I think it is a good idea in principle, but it may be a hard job convincing enough people thereof. What I think would help is adding a paragraph at the top explaining what problem this proposal is trying to solve, and why you think it would work. Also, I'd just replace X and Y with 'seven days' by default, and add a line at the bottom stating that the exact amounts of time are open to debate if people want. Finally, I'd cut out the part where you put items back on the 'uncontested' list, because it's a bit confusing and the extra rule doesn't really help. HTH! Radiant_ >|< 10:42, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your suggestions. I have made some changes based on them. If you are happy with them what do you propose to do next? --MarSch 14:09, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thanks Radiant, I have contacted a few people whom I think will support this idea. I hope that together we will spot most loose ends. Also I think it would be better if we could propose this as a group. --MarSch 15:16, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * You could check at the 'reducing VFD load' thread for people who are likely to agree with this in principle, and ask them what they think of the wording. Or you could open it for comments (preferably not outright voting) by moving it to mainspace, and advertising on WP:W, WP:RFC and WP:VP. And expect a lot of criticism from people who have read only part of the proposal and would call it instruction creep, or who fear this will delete too many or too few articles. I'm not saying that will happen but you should not be surprised or disappointed if it does. Radiant_ >|< 10:27, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think the wording is pretty good, and I do support this idea; see Managed Deletion for a very similar take. User:Geogre has tried to do something like this before; if you want to try to get it through again, you might want to mention it to him. Meelar (talk) 15:03, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I have contacted him. Also I didn't list managed deletion, because its page says it became Preliminary Deletion, which I think is closer to this proposal. --MarSch 15:24, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This is a good proposal IMO, and certainly has my vote. I do agree with Radiant about cutting out the "candidates that only get a keep vote from their creator" part; maybe it should just be mentioned on the talk page and not in the proposal, to keep the proposal more streamlined. IMO the rule is unneccesary, as it is easier to just vote the article into the ground when the creator does vote keep, which currently doesn't happen all that often, than adding extra rules.

A quick check tells me that the overload problem currently only exists on vfd; it may be a good idea to limit the proposal only to that page (which would also make the proposal easier to relate to). As it is now, the proposal is forcing a solution onto pages like WP:TFD, which works fine as it is. If the proposal is accepted and the other deletion pages later get overloaded in the same way, the fact that the proposal is running on the vfd page will make it a small step to adopt it to the other pages. Thue | talk 18:03, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Okay, I've now removed the extension:

"===Extension===
 * An extension which may be useful.

There is another class of candidates which are clear cases. The candidates that only get a keep vote from their creator. It may be useful to move these back to stage 1 as soon as they are identified. An additional rule for the voting stage which says that an article with only the (disagree) keep vote and 4 delete votes (including the nomination) may be moved back to stage 1, would accomplish this."

from the core proposal. --MarSch 18:25, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * About restricting/specifically targetting this proposal to vfd. I was thinking that we might test this proposal on tfd and if works implement it at vfd. Tfd is usually not that much trouble to handle, but that doesn't mean there is no room for improvement. --MarSch 18:32, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I would vote against the proposal if applied to WP:TFD. The advantages of your proposal is not worth extra complexity of the changed procedure on such a low-traffic page IMO. Thue | talk 19:32, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I think that this is a great idea for pages like VFD where there is such a ridiculously high load, but I think that TFD is small enough to manage at this point. There are currently 9 entries on TFD- surely people could find the time to vote on only 9 cases. Maybe if the lag time for stage 1 were smaller there would be a greater benefit for TFD, but I still think that we can manage with the ol'fashioned way for now. If we adopt this approach, then we must also realize that it may translate into less eyeballs, since some people will divert their attention away from stage 1. In summary: Good for big places (VFD), bad for smaller ones (TFD). -Frazzydee|✍ 15:39, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I like this for VFD. Maurreen 01:15, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I like the idea. I can immediately see how the inclusionists would object, though. They would complain about the system being delete by default (if it's not moved to stage 2 in seven days, it's gone). Some would probably cut and paste every article in stage one to stage two. It's worth a try, but you should really poll the inclusionists instead of the preaching to the choir. ;-) Johnleemk | Talk 14:54, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Yep, that's the big stumbling block I see with this proposal—the mass migration of articles from Stage 1 to Stage 2 by (at best) well-meaning but misguided inclusionists or (at worst) deliberate griefers and vandals. I suppose that under those circumstances, this proposal just reduces to the current scheme, so it doesn't get any worse.... --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 15:17, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, where would be the best place to get the inclusionists' attention? --MarSch 13:27, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Please explain
I don't see what's the point. The one should still check both stage 1 and stage 2 to be sure he didn't miss anything. Also the time before placing the article on VfD and its deletion/keepage(is that a word?) increases up to 14 days, which is kind of long.  Grue  13:08, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The point is that one should _not_ check stage 1, but leave that checking to the people that work on/with the candidate. If even they cannot be bothered to vote keep, than you shouldn't be wasting your time checking it.--MarSch 13:27, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * On the other hand, there are a lot of reasonable stubs created by anonymous users. A subject matter expert may make a contribution in a somewhat esoteric area and never be heard from again on Wikipedia.  (A geologist who contributes a few articles to Category:Minerals, for example).  For that matter, a contributor might be on a Wikivacation for a week—if I were in Hawaii, I probably wouldn't be overly concerned about monitoring my articles.  Under such circumstances there might well be nobody with an article watchlisted.  I'm afraid that it will be necessary to watch the Stage one entries.

 * As I see it, the chief advantage of this scheme is we're saved from having to make thousands of "me too" votes on obvious (but not speedy) deletions. Only if someone objects is the full discussion necessary, so we can save a ton of bandwidth and editing. --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 14:34, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Deletion policy/Reducing VfD load
You're probably all aware of this ongoing discussion. It has also mentioned several kinds of gradual deletion, but several people have considered it instruction creep. However, this discussion is likely to turn into a proposal for new Speedy Deletion Criteria some time soon, which would also solve the problem (if in a different way). So I would appreciate it if this deleteproposal was not put to vote or anything like that until the Speedy proposal is done, to keep them from interfering with one another. Yours, Radiant_ >|< 10:13, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

I think this is a good idea, and I'd be vote for it if it came up for voting. I don't follow VfD much, but this proposal seems like it would be helpful. JesseW 22:35, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

old and new articles
I have been doing some New Pages patrolling and I think that this proposal should not be used for pages that are so new that very few people have had the chance to notice them. Perhaps we should split vfd accordingly. What would be a good time for this? I'm thinking along the lines of a month, but perhaps we need to investigate the age of vfd candidates. --MarSch 28 June 2005 16:20 (UTC)

title: User talk:MarSch/deleteproposal


text:
Mu Geminorum

Mu Geminorum or μ Geminorum, formally named Tejat, is a single star in the northern constellation of Gemini. From parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is roughly 230 ly distant from the Sun. The position of the star near the ecliptic means that it is subject to lunar occultations.

Mu Geminorum forms the primary or 'A' component of a double star system designated WDS J06230+2231 along with UCAC2 39641417 (also designated WDS J06230+2231BC), itself a binary pair.

Nomenclature
μ Geminorum (Latinised to Mu Geminorum) is the star's Bayer designation. WDS J06230+2231 is the double star's designation in the Washington Double Star Catalog. The designations of the double star's components as WDS J06230+2231A and BC derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).

Mu Geminorum bore the traditional name of Tejat (or more precisely, Tejat Posterior), from an old southern Arabic word of unknown meaning, tiḥyāt. The name Tejat Posterior was formerly applied to an asterism consisting of this star, along with Gamma Geminorum (Alhena), Nu Geminorum, Eta Geminorum (Propus), and Xi Geminorum (Alzirr). In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire multiple systems. It approved the name Tejat for the component WDS J06230+2231A (i.e. Mu Geminorum) on February 1, 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

The names Calx (Latin, meaning 'heel'), Pish Pai (from the Persian پیش‌پای ('pīshpāy', meaning 'foreleg'), and Nuhatai (from Arabic 'Al Nuḥātai', the dual form of 'Al Nuḥāt', 'a Camel's Hump') have also been applied to Mu Geminorum.

In Chinese, 井宿 (Jǐng Su), meaning Well (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of Mu Geminorum, Gamma Geminorum, Nu Geminorum, Xi Geminorum, Epsilon Geminorum, 36 Geminorum, Zeta Geminorum and Lambda Geminorum. Consequently, Mu Geminorum itself is known as 井宿一 (Jǐng Su yī, the First Star of Well).

Properties
Mu Geminorum has an average apparent visual magnitude of about 2.9, which makes it the fourth-brightest member of Gemini. It is 0.8 degrees south of the ecliptic, so it is subject to occultations by the Moon and, rarely, by planets. Seen from Earth, its brightness is reduced by 0.07 magnitudes by extinction from intervening gas and dust.

It is a slow irregular variable of type LB. Its brightness varies between magnitude +2.75 and +3.02 over a 72-day period, along with a 2,000-day period of long term variation. It is a red giant at a stellar classification of M3 III, with a surface temperature of 3,773 K, meaning it is brighter, yet cooler, than the Sun. The star is currently on the asymptotic giant branch and is generating energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium along concentric shells surrounding an inert core of carbon and oxygen.

title: Mu Geminorum


text: Category:Ceramics

title: Category:Ceramics


text:
Road tax

Road tax, known by various names around the world, is a tax which has to be paid on, or included with, a motorised vehicle to use it on a public road.

Australia
All states and territories require an annual vehicle registration fee to be paid in order to use a vehicle on public roads; the cost of which varies from state to state and is dependent on the type of vehicle. The fee is known colloquially as 'rego' (pronounced with a soft g, short for registration). Queensland road tax is based on the number of cylinders or rotors the vehicle's engine has. There is also a small traffic improvement fee. New South Wales road tax is paid based on the vehicle's tare weight.

Belgium
Passenger cars pay a registration fee based on the engine displacement and power output (degressive towards 2014 (66% in 2012, 33% in 2013, 0% in 2014) and environmental criteria such as CO2 g/km output (increasingly towards 2014). The more CO2 g/km the car produces, the higher the fee will be.

Every year, the plate number owner has to pay the annual road tax contribution. This tax is based on the engine displacement (0-799cc = fiscal HP 4, above 800cc each 200cc is one class higher). Due to CO2-based regulations, diesel cars with above average displacement (>2,000cc) are favoured, and petrol cars with bigger displacements are put at a disadvantage). A supplementary annual fee has to be paid for cars that run on LPG/CNG (0-799cc: €84/year, 800–2,499cc; €148/year and >2,500cc: €208/year) to compensate financial loss for the state due to the absence of excise at the pump.

Brazil
In Brazil, the states may collect an annual Vehicle Licensing Fee (Taxa de Licenciamento Veicular) which has a fixed value for each vehicle category determined by each state. In addition, each state may impose a Vehicle Property Tax (Imposto sobre a Propriedade de Veículos Automotores), with a rate up to 4%.

Costa Rica
The Costa Rican car property tax, commonly referred to as Marchamo, is among the highest in Latin America, with rates that can go up to 3.5% of the fiscal value of the vehicle yearly. When compared to the Costa Rican minimum wage (₡331,516.22 a month, equivalent to US$597.33), the tax on an average US$15,000 (₡8,600,000) car can be ₡302,000 (US$525), or 80% to 120% of a month's pay. Even though Costa Ricans receive a yearly bonus equivalent to a month's salary, the property tax negates this for most car owners, which has led to calls for tax law reform.

Opponents to the car property tax argue that common cars already pay 100% tariff when imported, meaning that a car in Costa Rica is twice as expensive as in the country of origin. Additionally, gas refills include 65% fuel tax. Owning a car that would cost US$7,500 to purchase (in the United States) for seven years can result in the owner paying up to US$29,595 in total taxes (around US$4,227.85 a year). The Ministry of Finance also has the right to step up the fiscal value of a car, effectively a negative depreciation.

France
In France, the vignette was abolished for private vehicles in 2001 and was replaced by a tax on toll-road operators at a rate of €6.85 per 1,000 kilometres travelled. In addition, a tax is levied on vehicles registered to companies. Since 2006, the tax is levied according to CO2 emissions ranging from €2 per gramme to €19 per gramme.

Germany
In Germany, the Motor Vehicle tax (Kraftfahrzeugsteuer) is an annual tax on all vehicles. It ranges from €5 per 100cc to €25 per 100cc for petrol engines and €13 to €37 for diesel engines. Vehicles first registered before June 30, 2009 are taxed according to engine displacement and national/European emission class, whereas vehicles which were registered after that date are taxed solely based on CO2 emission in grams per km (g CO2/km). An on-line tax calculator has been made available. The CO2 Price ist up to 4 Euros per gram.

Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, the licence fee is according to the category (passenger cars, goods vehicles, taxis, etc.) of the vehicle first. Then, for passenger cars (known as private cars), it is calculated by the engine size. The lowest tax band is under 1500 cc, then the tax band changes at 2500 cc, 3500 cc and 4500 cc. Due to this system of license fee, most of 1600 cc to 1800 cc car models do not sell well. Most people prefer 1500 cc for compact cars. Due to this reason, some manufacturers provide only the 1500 cc version of their compact cars to Hong Kong market such as Toyota Corolla and Nissan Tiida. Both of these two cars only have 1500 cc version available.

By engine displacement:
 * ≤ 1500 cc = HK$3,929
 * 1501 cc- 2500 cc = HK$5,794
 * 2501 cc- 3500 cc = HK$7,664
 * 3501 cc- 4500 cc = HK$9,534
 * >4500 cc = HK$11,329

Hungary
In Hungary, since 2009, this tax is based on the vehicle's engine performance and the vehicle's age. Before this so-called performance tax, this tax was based on the vehicle's weight and unofficially it was called a weight tax.

India
In India, road tax is imposed by the respective state governments (lifetime and also annual for commercial vehicles) also, further there could be toll for specific usage of roads (charge depends on distance, type, etc.). At the time of purchase of the vehicle, the government levies GST (Goods & Services Tax) at the rate of 28% and additional cess is levied based on the cubic capacity of the engine of the vehicle(1% for small cars with CC< 1200 CC, 3% for CC between 1200 and 1500 CC, 15% for above 1500 CC). Electric cars are levied lower tax of 5%.

The motor vehicles tax (called road tax) is calculated on the basis of various factors including engine capacity, seating capacity, unladen weight and cost price. Each state has different rules and regulations for charging the road tax.

There is proposal to have uniform rules and also tariffs across the country in line with the government's initiative of having "One Nation-One Tax".

In these days, in India there is a movement called "Digital India" in which every type of work related to every department is getting digitalized and "Ministry of Road Transport & Highways" has created a portal called "Vahan" for online road tax payment to ease the pain of paying of taxes to the government in offline mode. It is a very smooth experience to pay such taxes from home and saving time.

Ireland
Vehicle registration tax applies to all new car registrations as well as imports. VRT for private cars is based on CO2 emissions as well as emissions.

Motor tax is payable as an annual duty (subject to exemptions) in Ireland. Prior to 2008, the annual tax levy was based on the engine size, and was ranging from €199 pa for <1,000 cc to €1,809 for >3,001 cc. Private cars registered after July 2008 are taxed at the tax rates based on the vehicle's carbon dioxide emissions. The tax bands for CO2 emissions range from €120 pa for 0-80 g/km to €2,350 pa for >225 g/km. Commercial vehicle tax is based on GVW, regardless of engine size or CO2 emissions, and range from €333 to €900 pa. Vintage vehicles are taxed at €56 pa; a vehicle is considered vintage 30 years after the date of its first registration.

Israel
Combustion engine cars base purchase tax is 83% plus 7% customs tax for manufacturers from countries with no treaty with Israel plus VAT of 17% and optional "prestige tax" of 2.9% to 18% for high cost cars. This brings total tax on a new car to around 100%. Hybrid engine cars base tax is 45%, and electric cars base tax is 10%.

Italy
As of 2023, road taxes in Italy are classified by tax horsepower and European emission standards.

Japan
A tax is collected under the Local Tax Act of 1950 that is paid every May based on the vehicle's engine's displacement. The tax is then determined by whether the vehicle is for business or personal use. Brackets are determined based on exterior dimensions and engine displacement as defined under the dimension regulations. The tax to be paid is then based on the engine's displacement starting with engines below 1,000 cc, and increasing at 500 cc intervals to a top bracket of 6,000 cc and above.

Personal vehicles pay more than vehicles identified as business use. If the car has been certified as a low-emissions vehicle, under the Japanese low-emission vehicle certification system, the tax obligation is reduced. Kei cars (Japanese vehicles with 660 cc engines and reduced exterior dimensions) have significant tax advantages because their tax is about a quarter of that of a 1,000 cc car.

The legislation is similar to a European approach to taxing engine horsepower, while the Japanese approach taxes engine displacement.

Automobile Tax (exterior dimensions)
Light Motor Vehicle Tax
 * Road Tax for regular 4-wheel vehicles (Metropolitan/Prefectural Tax) vehicle plates and taxes
 * 40/400 and 50/500 Japan license plates: ¥7,500
 * 33/300 license plates (4.5-litre engines and below): ¥19,000
 * 33/300 license plates (4.6-litre engines and above): ¥22,000
 * 11/100 license plates: ¥32,000
 * Road Tax for mini-cars and motorcycles (city/ward tax)
 * Kei car: ¥3,000
 * Motorcycles up to 125 cc: ¥500
 * Motorcycles 125 and above cc: ¥1,000

Automobile Weight Tax
On 31 May 1971 until 31 March 2010, the Japanese government passed a law creating the Automobile Weight Tax. It was modified on 31 March 2010, and the next day, on 1 April 2010. The tax is paid every year in conjunction with the engine displacement based road tax. The weight determination is made in tonnes.

As of 1 April 2010, the tax requirements are as follows. The determination of whether the vehicle is for business or personal use has been added, similar to the engine displacement regulations:

Road Tax increments
The following is the tax rates for passenger vehicles used for both personal and business use, incremented by 500 cc engine displacement.

The following table is the tax bracket for lorries or vehicles built with a load carrying section without seats and a single bench seat in the front of the vehicle in an enclosed passenger compartment.

The following table is the tax bracket for buses, or vehicles designed to carry many passengers.

Latvia
The vehicle operating tax on cars first registered after January 1, 2005 that have registration certificates with information on total weight, engine volume and engine maximum power, shall be paid by summing up tax rates according to total weight, engine volume and engine maximum power of the car as follows:
 * By total weight
 * ≤1500 kg €14,23
 * 1501 kg - 1800 kg €29,88
 * 1801 kg - 2100 kg €51,22
 * 2101 kg - 2600 kg €65,45
 * 2601 kg - 3000 kg €78,26
 * 3001 kg - 3500 kg €91,06
 * > 3500 kg €102,45
 * By engine volume
 * ≤ 1500cc €8,54
 * 1501cc- 2000cc €21,34
 * 2001cc- 2500cc €34,15
 * 2501cc- 3000cc €51,22
 * 3001cc- 3500cc €85,37
 * 3501cc- 4000cc €149,40
 * 4001cc- 5000cc €213,43
 * >5000cc €277,46
 * By engine maximum power
 * ≤ 55 kW €8,54
 * 56 kW - 92 kW €21,34
 * 93 kW - 129 kW €34,15
 * 130 kW - 166 kW €51,22
 * 167 kW - 203 kW €85,37
 * 204 kW - 240 kW €149,40
 * 241 kW - 300 kW €213,43
 * > 300 kW €277,46

Luxembourg
An annual tax is applied to each vehicle. In 2013, as an example, the annual tax for a BMW 330D 2004 model was €224.

Malaysia
In Malaysia, the latest road tax information and calculations is different in East Malaysia and West Malaysia, which the former in general has lower rate than the latter because of the poor geographical condition and road surface. Besides, within both the two areas, the tax amount also varies according to car variants as well as engine capacity.

Private cars are classified as ‘saloon’ vehicles such as hatchbacks, convertibles and sedans, whose road tax rate is different from non-saloon vehicles such as MPV, SUV or pickup trucks.

Also, "company-registered saloon" will have to pay higher tax than the "private-registered saloon" for the same engine displacement. Which does not applied to 'non-saloon'.

Mexico
Until 2011, the federal government charged an annual vehicle tax, Tenencia Vehicular, depending on the value and other vehicle characteristics. Although the tax was federal, the states collected the tax. This tax was created in 1961 and in 2006 represented about 1.6% of the total tax income (around 13 billion pesos).

In 2012, vehicle tax became a state matter with some states charging the tax, others charging a partial tax (mostly on cars above a certain value) and others such as Morelos and Querétaro, charging no tax.

Netherlands
In the Netherlands, a tax is applied to the vehicle based on its weight and fuel type, and the region. Electric vehicles and classic cars over forty years old are exempt from road tax.

Nepal
In Nepal, vehicle tax is collected by Transport Management Offices and Transport Management Service Offices. These offices come under Province governments. Hence vehicle tax is charged in different provinces in different rates. However, the basic criteria are set by federal law, which is same for all provinces. Owner has to pay tax in every fiscal year as per the rates determined in fiscal act passed by Province Assembly for that fiscal year. The owner has to pay tax before the renewal date or April 15 of every fiscal year, whichever comes first. There is no penalty for paying tax within 3 months after deadline. Then, 5% fine is applied within one month, 10% for subsequent one and half month, then 20% for the fiscal year and 32% after the fiscal year. Vehicle tax rate is dependent on displacement capacity (cc) of engine, Vehicle type (private or government or rented or corporates or tourist use) and size of vehicle (Motorcycle, Car, Jeep, delivery Van and so on.)

Income tax is also collected from vehicle registered for rent every year. The rate is determined by Income Tax Act. Vehicle Registration fee, renew fee, vehicle fitness test fee, pollution test fee, route permit fee and other applicable fees are also collected as per the vehicle and transport management act of related provinces.

New Zealand
In New Zealand, Road tax is collected in two major ways.

Motorized vehicles to be used on public roads are required to hold a time based vehicle license that can be purchased for period of 3 to 12 months. Cost varies by vehicle type, fuel and usage. In the case of motorcycles the cost varies by engine size also.

Petroleum (incl ethanol bends), Automotive LPG & Automotive CNG (Which is now largely unavailable), have road tax collected at source, and as such, the retail price of such fuels contains Road tax. Refunds are available on the tax component of fuel used commercially offroad (i.e. Commercial lawnmowing), and fuel used in vehicles paying RUC's (i.e. USA sourced motorhome over 3500kg with petrol engine). Of note, refunds are not available for most non commercial use (such as recreational boating).

Fuels (Petroleum (incl ethanol belnds), Diesel & Biodiesel), sold in the Auckland region have an additional regional fuel tax applied. This is proposed to be removed on 30 June 2024.

Non exempt vehicles using fuels not taxed at source (such as Diesel & Hydrogen), or over 3500kg Gross Laden Weight pay road user charges (RUC) by distance travelled and vehicle weight & configuration band. All light vehicles are in the same 3500kg or Less GVM are in same weight band, but rates are highly varied for heavy vehicles based on vehcile type, weight & axle configuration.

Several exemptions apply to RUC's above

 * Light electric vehicles (incl Plug in Hybrids) are exempt until 31 March 2024. (When it is proposed that Pure EV's will pay the full light vehicle RUC rate, and PHEV's will pay a discounted rate of NZD53 per 1000km unit (+Admin fee). It is proposed that PHEV's will not be allowed to claim back road tax in the petroleum they burn, in contrast to other vehicle types liable for RUC's)
 * Heavy electric vehicles, incl PHEV are exempt until 32 December 2025.
 * Vehicles unsuitable for regular road use (such as forklifts)
 * Vehicles used almost exclusively offroad (such as an industrial vehicle)

New Zealand has three toll roads. These are publicly owned, and a per use fee is collected via an electronic free flow tolling system (Number plate detection).

A Clean Car Standard is in place, which charges fees to importers of road vehicles which exceed a defined fleet average emissions value.

Previously, a Clean Car Discount was levied on high fuel consumption vehicles, nicknamed a "ute tax", to cross-subsidise electric and fuel-efficient vehicles. This was discontinued at the end or the 2023 year.

Norway
In Norway, a one-off registration tax must be paid upon initial registration of any motor vehicle in Norway. The fee is calculated according to the vehicle's tax group, kerb weight, emissions (CO2 and NOx) and engine volume.

Historically, cars in Norway were taxed annually according to an annual motor vehicle tax stipulated by the Norwegian Tax Administration according to the vehicle's type and weight class. The annual motor vehicle tax was replaced by the road traffic insurance tax which came into effect on 1 January 2018 and is paid through the yearly compulsory liability insurance for motor vehicles.

While commonly referred to as a "veiavgift" ("road tax"), no road tax has ever existed in Norway.

Annual Vehicle Property Tax
In Romania, every owner that owns a registered vehicle owes a yearly property tax, 'Impozit ', on that vehicle which is mainly based on the engine's Cubic capacity for passenger cars and buses. Regarding Trucks and Semi-trailer trucks, it is also affected by the number of Axles.

Although the template for the collection of vehicle property tax depending on the vehicle's type is drafted by the national government, the property tax is owed to the local government in which the vehicle is currently registered and the local council can vote to reduce or to increase the tax owed by a margin (for example, in the year 2018, the local council of the Municipality of Timișoara voted to increase the owed vehicle property tax by 50%, effectively making it the highest in the country)

The framework for calculating the basic vehicle property tax is the following: For example: The owner of a normal gasoline-powered vehicle with an engine of 2000 cc, registered in the mun. of Cluj-Napoca (where there is a 0% markup) will have to pay a yearly vehicle property tax of 180 RON. (Rate: 18 RON/200cc, 2000 / 200 = 10, 18 * 10 = 180 RON). Meanwhile, someone who lives in the Mun. of Timișoara and owns a vehicle that has the same capacity will pay 274 RON (Timișoara has a 50% markup).

Another example of a vehicle with a cubic capacity of 3000, registered in Alba county, which has a 16.05% markup: Rate: 144 RON/200cc, 3000 / 200 = 15. Normal Tax owed: 15* 144 = 2160. Tax owed in Alba county (16.05% markup): 2160 * 116.05/100 ~= 2507 RON.

This system of taxation results in incredibly high taxes for vehicles with engines bigger than 3000 cc (Upwards of 6000 RON per year), and low taxes for engines smaller than 2000 cc. As a result, many people have tried to dodge the system either by registering their vehicles in another EU country with smaller taxes, or by converting their vehicles to fit the legal definition of a Utility Vehicle, which is included in category 8 and have a rate of only 30 RON / 200cc instead of 290 RON / 200cc. For example, the owner of a vehicle that has a cubic capacity of 4000 cc will have to pay 5800 RON per year, compared to 480 RON per year owed by someone who owns a pickup truck (also a Utility Vehicle) with the same cubic capacity of 4000. The main legal requirement for a vehicle to be considered a Utility Vehicle is that it must have a cargo area that is separated from the passengers and cannot be accessed from within the vehicle. Many passenger cars (especially SUVs) can easily be modified to fit this requirement by installing a barrier between the trunk area and the back seats.

Hybrid vehicles owners will pay a reduced tax (50% to 100% reduction). Electric vehicle and Classic car owners will pay no tax at all. All vehicle owners get a 10% reduction if they pay the tax before May 1 (which is the deadline for paying the vehicle tax). Physically impaired people and war veterans do not owe any vehicle property tax no matter the vehicle type.

Rovinieta
On top of paying an annual Vehicle Property Tax, all vehicles that travel outside of city limits must pay the "Rovinieta", including internationally registered vehicles that travel temporarily on Romanian roads which ranges from 28 Euros a year for passenger cars to 1210 Euros for Trucks that have a Maximum Authorized Mass greater than 12 t and more than 4 axles. Classic cars are exempt from the Rovinieta.

Spain
In Spain two taxes apply to motor vehicles:
 * 1) The registration tax (impuesto de matriculation) applies at purchase time to the purchase price. It is a national tax and the rate varies from 0% to 14.75% depending on CO2 emissions. In some cases regions may fix their own rates.
 * 2) The mechanical vehicle circulation tax (Impuesto sobre Vehículos de Tracción Mecánica or IVTM) is an annual tax. The tax is a municipal tax whose rate varies widely across the country. The tax is calculated according to the tax horsepower of the vehicle. In Madrid and Barcelona the rates for 2011 ranged from €22 for up to 8 HP to €224 for vehicles with over 20 HP.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom it is a requirement to pay Vehicle Excise Duty (VED), which is commonly called road tax or vehicle tax, this is paid annually to the government for a vehicle licence. Previously, vehicle licences in the form of paper tax discs were required to be displayed on vehicles, and this licence would remain valid until its expiry date even if the vehicle was transferred to another keeper. The paper tax discs were abolished in October 2014, meaning that the licence is merely an entry in the centralised database; moreover, following this change the tax is cancelled if the vehicle is transferred. Vehicles that are not used or kept on public roads must be the subject of a Statutory Off-Road Notification (SORN) if they are unlicensed.

In 1937, the direct relationship that existed between the tax and government expenditure on public roads was cut, the proceeds being treated as general taxation. In the 2015 budget, the government announced that the revenue would once again be used directly to maintain the roads, for the first time since 1937. In the 2018 budget, the government announced a National Roads Fund which would ring-fence VED in England for the improvement of roads. However, it was announced in 2024 that this policy had been cancelled.

United States
Each state requires an annual registration fee which varies from state to state.

Additionally, in some states, counties and/or municipalities are allowed to also impose a vehicle tax. For example, in Illinois, Cook County taxes vehicles that are registered in unincorporated areas, and a number of municipalities have their own annual vehicle registration fee. In Massachusetts, the excise tax is billed separately from registration fees, by the town or city in which the vehicle is registered, and was set at a fixed rate of 2.5% statewide by a 1980 law called Proposition 2½. Within some states, the fees may vary from county to county, as some counties have surcharges per vehicle; an example of this is Virginia's personal property tax. New York State, on the other hand, charges a tax based on the vehicle's weight, rather than on its value, which is charged at the time of registration renewal.

In California and New Hampshire, the registration tax is calculated by the current value of the vehicle. As a result, older and more inexpensive vehicles will have a low registration fee, whereas newer and more expensive vehicles will have fees in the hundreds of dollars.

There is also a federal Heavy Vehicle Use Tax (HVUT) or truck tax, for vehicles with gross weights of 55,000 pounds or more, including trucks, truck tractors and buses. Generally, vans, pickup trucks, panel trucks and the like are not subject to this tax. The tax does not apply to vehicles that are used for 5,000 miles or less (7,500 miles or less for agricultural vehicles) on public highways during a tax period.

Additionally, "New York State imposes a highway use tax (HUT) on motor carriers operating certain motor vehicles on New York State public highways (excluding toll-paid portions of the New York State Thruway). The tax rate is based on the weight of the motor vehicle and the method that you choose to report the tax."

title: Road tax


text:
Category:Mountains of São Tomé and Príncipe

The mountains of São Tomé and Príncipe.


text: User talk:81.207.18.47

title: User talk:81.207.18.47


text:
Mu Cephei

Mu Cephei (Latinized from μ Cephei, abbreviated Mu Cep or μ Cep), also known as Herschel's Garnet Star, Erakis, or HD 206936, is a red supergiant or hypergiant star in the constellation Cepheus. It appears garnet red and is located at the edge of the IC 1396 nebula. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as a spectral standard by which other stars are classified.

Mu Cephei is more than 100,000 times brighter than the Sun, with an absolute visual magnitude of −7.6. It is also one of the largest known stars with a radius around or over 1,000 times that of the sun, and were it placed in the Sun's position it would engulf the orbit of Mars and Jupiter.

History

The deep red color of Mu Cephei was noted by William Herschel, who described it as "a very fine deep garnet colour, such as the periodical star ο Ceti". It is thus commonly known as Herschel's "Garnet Star". Mu Cephei was called Garnet sidus by Giuseppe Piazzi in his catalogue. An alternative name, Erakis, used in Antonín Bečvář's star catalogue, is probably due to confusion with Mu Draconis, which was previously called al-Rāqis in Arabic.

In 1848, English astronomer John Russell Hind discovered that Mu Cephei was variable. This variability was quickly confirmed by German astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander. Almost continual records of the star's variability have been maintained since 1881.

The angular diameter of μ Cephei has been measured interferometrically. One of the most recent measurements gives a diameter of $2.74$ at $-5.941$, modelled as a limb-darkened disk $641$ across. μ Cephei was used as one of the original "dagger stars", those with well-defined spectra that could be used for the classification of other stars, for MK spectral classifications. In 1943 it was the standard star for M2 Ia, updated in 1980 to be the standard star for the new type M2- Ia.

Distance

The distance to Mu Cephei is not very well known. The Hipparcos satellite was used to measure a parallax of $940$, which corresponds to an estimated distance of $972$. However, this value is close to the margin of error. A determination of the distance based upon a size comparison with Betelgeuse gives an estimate of $269,000$.

Calculation of the distance from the measured angular diameter, surface brightness, and calculated luminosity leads to $10$. Averaging the distances of nearby luminous stars with similar reddening and reliable Gaia Data Release 2 parallaxes gives a distance of $18.672 mas$.

Surroundings
Mu Cephei is surrounded by a shell extending out to a distance at least equal to 0.33 times the star's radius with a temperature of $800 μm$. This outer shell appears to contain molecular gases such as CO, H2O, and SiO. Infrared observations suggest the presence of a wide ring of dust and water with an inner radius about twice that of the star itself, extending to about four times the radius of the star.

The star is surrounded by a spherical shell of ejected material that extends outward to an angular distance of 6″ with an expansion velocity of 10 km s−1. This indicates an age of about 2,000–3,000 years for the shell. Closer to the star, this material shows a pronounced asymmetry, which may be shaped as a torus.

Variability
Mu Cephei is a variable star and the prototype of the obsolete class of the Mu Cephei variables. It is now considered to be a semiregular variable of type SRc. Its apparent brightness varies erratically between magnitude 3.4 and 5.1. Many different periods have been reported, but they are consistently near 860 days or 4,400 days.

Properties
Star-sizes.jpg in the Solar System and several well-known stars, including Mu Cephei.

1. Mercury < Mars < Venus < Earth

2. Earth < Neptune < Uranus < Saturn < Jupiter

3. Jupiter < Wolf 359 < Sun < Sirius

4. Sirius < Pollux < Arcturus < Aldebaran

5. Aldebaran < Rigel < Antares < Betelgeuse

6. Betelgeuse < Mu Cephei < VV Cephei A < VY Canis Majoris.]]

A very luminous red supergiant, Mu Cephei is among the largest stars visible to the naked eye, and one of the largest known cool supergiants. It is a runaway star with a peculiar velocity of $20.584 mas$, and has been described as a hypergiant.

The bolometric luminosity, summed over all wavelengths, is calculated from integrating the spectral energy distribution (SED) to be, making μ Cephei one of the most luminous red supergiants in the Milky Way. Its effective temperature of $0.55 mas$, determined from colour index relations, implies a radius of. Other recent publications give similar effective temperatures. Calculation of the luminosity from a visual and infrared colour relation give and a corresponding radius of. An estimate made based on its angular diameter and an assumed distance of $1,800 parsecs$ gives it a radius of.

The radius has been estimated to be in 2010 based on the star's effective temperature of 3660 K and the  luminosity estimate.

A 2019 paper measurement based on the $390 parsecs$ distance gives the star a lower luminosity below and a correspondingly lower radius of $641 pc$, and as well as a lower temperature of $940 pc$. These parameters are all consistent with those estimated for Betelgeuse.

The initial mass of Mu Cephei has been estimated from its position relative to theoretical stellar evolutionary tracks to be between and. The star currently has a mass loss rate of per year.

Supernova
Mu Cephei is nearing death. It has begun to fuse helium into carbon, whereas a main sequence star fuses hydrogen into helium. When a supergiant star has converted elements in its core to iron, the core collapses to produce a supernova and the star is destroyed, leaving behind a vast gaseous cloud and a small, dense remnant. For a star as massive as Mu Cephei the remnant is likely to be a black hole. The most massive red supergiants will evolve back to blue supergiants, Luminous blue variables, or Wolf-Rayet stars before their cores collapse, and Mu Cephei appears to be massive enough for this to happen. A post-red supergiant will produce a type IIn or type II-b supernova, while a Wolf Rayet star will produce a type Ib or Ic supernova.

Components
There are several faint stars within two arc-minutes of Mu Cephei, and listed in multiple star catalogues.

title: Mu Cephei


text:
Dhondo Keshav Karve

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Dhondo Keshav Karve (18 April 1858 – 9 November 1962), popularly known as Maharshi Karve, was a social reformer in India in the field of women's welfare. He advocated widow remarriage, and he himself remarried a widow as a widower. Karve was a pioneer in promoting widows' education. He founded the first women's university in India, the SNDT Women's University in 1916. The Government of India awarded him with the highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, in 1958, the year of his 100th birthday. He organized a conference against the practice of devdasi. He started 'Anath balikashram' an orphanage for girls. His intention was to give education to all women and make them stand on their own feet. Through his efforts, the first women university was set up in 20th century.

The appellation Maharshi, which the Indian public often assigned to Karve, means "a great sage".

Early life and education
Dhondo Keshav Karve was born on 18 April 1858, at Sheravali, in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. He belonged to a lower middle-class Chitpavan Brahmin family and his father's name was Keshav Bapunna Karve.

In 1884, he graduated with a degree in mathematics from Elphinstone College.

Career
During 1891–1914, Karve taught mathematics at Fergusson College in Pune, Maharashtra.

In 1929, he visited Europe, America and Japan. During these travels, he met Albert Einstein. During this world tour, he also raised funds for the university.

Autobiographical works
Karve wrote two autobiographical works: Ātmawrutta (1928) in Marathi, and Looking Back (1936) in English.

Depictions in popular culture
The Marathi play Himalayachi Saavli (हिमालयाची सावली) (literal meaning, "The Shadow of the Himalayas". Contextually it means, under the cover of Himalaya) by Vasant Kanetkar, published in 1972, is loosely based on the life of Karve. The character of Nanasaheb Bhanu is a composite character based on Karve and other Marathi social reformers of the late 19th and early 20th century. The play itself depicts the tension between Bhanu/Karve's public life as a social reformer and his family life due to the social backlash and economic hardships his children and wife had to endure.

The Story of Dr. Karve is a 1958 documentary film directed by Neil Gokhale and Ram Gabale. It was produced by the Government of India's Films Division.

The 2001 film Dhyaas Parva (ध्यास पर्व) by Amol Palekar, based on the life of Karve's son Raghunath, also depicts the Karve family, and their social reformation projects. Taluka Dapoli, a research based initiative, made a documentary on life of Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve in 2017.

Awards and honours

 * 1942 – awarded Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.) by Banaras Hindu University
 * 1951 – awarded D.Litt. by Pune University
 * 1954 – awarded D.Litt. by S.N.D.T. University
 * 1955 – awarded Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India
 * 1957 – awarded LL.D. by University of Mumbai
 * 1958 – awarded Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of India, by the Government of India

In his honour, Karvenagar in Pune was named after him & Queen's Road in Mumbai (Bombay) was renamed to Maharshi Karve Road.

title: Dhondo Keshav Karve


text:
Ideal Standard

Ideal Standard is a privately held multinational plumbing fixture company headquartered in Belgium.

Operating primarily in Latin America and Europe, the brand dates back to 1949, when it was used to brand fixtures of the foreign operations of the American Standard group. The "Ideal" name traces back to the "Ideal Boilers" brand used by the American Radiator Company.

In September 2023, it was announced Ideal Standard had been acquired by the Mettlach-headquartered ceramics manufacturer, Villeroy & Boch for €600 million. The transaction was completed in March 2024.

Overview

A new company, known as Ideal Standard International, was formed in 2007 by the sale of the bath and kitchen products businesses of American Standard Companies for $1.745 billion to Bain Capital Partners. The North American and Asian operations of American Standard were sold to Sun Capital and Lixil Group respectively, with the European and Latin American operations retained as Ideal Standard.

The company was then restructured, implementing cost-cutting measures, as well as moving some of company's production facilities to Asia and Eastern Europe – a new production site was opened in Bulgaria. The acquisition by Bain Capital was facilitated by Credit Suisse and Bank of America; the creditors subsequently struggled to dispose of their debt.

The restructuring program was complete in 2011, but the company was loss making in 2012 due to poor sales. In 2013 the company reduced its workforce by 250 due to poor sales; further restructuring was proposed in 2014, including a debt for equity swap with bondholder Anchorage Capital. In 2014 the EU competition commission approved Anchorage Capital becoming joint owner of the company together with Bain Capital.

the company was headquartered in Belgium, and had over 10,000 employees. Its products include bathroom fittings including bathrooms, sanitary ware, and showers, sold under brands including Armitage Shanks, Ceramica Dolomite, Porcher, and Vidima.

title: Ideal Standard