text:
Grado, Friuli Venezia Giulia

Grado (Gravo; Grau; Gradež; Gradus ) is a town and comune (municipality) of 8,064 residents in the Regional decentralization entity of Gorizia in the north-eastern Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located on an island and adjacent peninsula of the Adriatic Sea between Venice and Trieste. The territory of the municipality of Grado extends between the mouth of the Isonzo and the Adriatic Sea and the Grado Lagoon, and covers an area of about 90 square kilometers between Porto Buso and Fossalon. Characteristic of the lagoon is the presence of the casoni, which are simple houses with thatched roof used in the past by the fishermen of Grado, who remained in the lagoon for a long time, returning to the island of Grado only during the colder period of the year.

Once mainly a fishing centre, today it is a popular tourist destination, known commonly as L'Isola del Sole ("The Island of the Sun"). It is also famous because it is a spa town; from 1873 a maritime hospice for children called Ospizio Marino wanted by the doctor Giuseppe Barellai was established on the island, because the climate and the environment of the island are a good place for the treatment of some childhood diseases. Subsequently, Grado was the chosen destination for marine thermal treatments, especially by the Austrian population. Together with Marano Lagunare, it is the centre of the Marano-Grado Lagoon, which is famous for its uncontaminated nature. Grado is the birthplace of Biagio Marin, a poet who sang about the island in the local Venetian dialect.

History
In Roman times the city, known as ad Aquae Gradatae, was the first port for ships entering the Natissa (Natisone), headed upstream to Aquileia.

During the late years of the Western Roman Empire many people fled from Aquileia to Grado in order to find a safer place, more protected from the invasions coming from the east.

In 452, Nicetas, Bishop of Aquileia, took refuge briefly at Grado; of the same period is the earliest construction of Grado's first cathedral, the first church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, and the baptistery. Grado was the home base of the patriarchate's fleet.

In 568, after the invasion of the Lombards who captured neighboring Aquileia, metropolitan Paulinus I of Aquileia found refuge in Grado that remained under Byzantine rule. Since Aquileia remained in Lombard hands, Grado became permanent residence of Aquileian metropolitans-patriarchs, and the transfer of Aquileian see to Grado was formalized in 579. Thus Grado became also known as the New Aquileia. At the beginning of the 7th century, a rival patriarch was elected in the old Aquileia, and since that time two lines of Aquileian patriarchs continued throughout the middle ages, one in New Aquileia (Grado) with jurisdiction over the Byzantine-controlled coastal regions (including the Venetian Lagoon), and the other in old Aquileia (later moved to Cormons, and then to Cividale), with jurisdiction over the Lombard-held interior.

A long-lasting dispute over the authority of the two patriarchs ensued. In 993, the patriarch Popo of the old Aquileia conquered Grado but was unable to keep possession of it. The matter was settled only in 1027 when the pope confirmed jurisdiction of the See of new Aquileia over Grado and the Venetian province. The seat of the patriarchate was transferred from Grado to Venice in 1451 by Pope Nicholas V. Reduced to a minor hamlet, Grado was sacked by the English, who burned the city archives in 1810 and by the French in 1812.

Grado was acquired by Austria in 1815, to which it belonged until 1918 when it was ceded to Italy after its victory in World War I.

In the Belvedere area where the land is interrupted and gives way to the lagoon, it was possible to embark to reach the island of Grado. Subsequently, there was a tourist and urban development and in 1905 a road was built in the middle of the lagoon to connect the two parts of the territory. In 1936 Grado was definitively connected to the mainland through the construction of a swing bridge which put an end to the isolation of the island.

Main sights
Today there are frequent finds of inscriptions, sarcophagi, marble sculpture and small bronzes that once furnished its villas. The remains of one of these villas have been excavated on the islet of Gorgo in the lagoon.

Modern landmarks include:
 * The Basilica of Sant'Eufemia (Cathedral), with the octagonal Baptistry (late 5th century). The church was once preceded by a quadri-portico, one of the columns of which is now in the centre of the Patriarch's Square. The current appearance of the church dates from the reconstruction by Fra Elia (579), with a simple hut façade and a bell tower (15th century) on the right side, which is surmounted by a statue portraying St. Michael and known as the Anzolo (1462). The interior has a nave and two aisles. The main point of interest is the mosaic pavement from the 6th century, restored in 1946–48.
 * The basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie. Begun in the 4th to 5th centuries, it was renovated in the 6th century and restored in Baroque in 1640.
 * The Barbana Sanctuary. It is located in a small island in the Grado Lagoon called Barbana, which can be reached in 25 minutes by motorboat, the service is offered by the boat "Nuova Cristina" from Riva Zaccaria Gregori, Grado. The original church was erected in 582 and was since rebuilt and enlarged. The current sanctuary was built in Neo-Romantic style and houses numerous vestiges of the buildings that have succeeded each other over the centuries, including two columns that probably date back to the original church. Inside there are very different works: the main altar has a relief with the lagoon surmounted by a wooden statue guarded by an aedicule of the Madonna, a large canvas representing the union of Venetians in a brotherhood, two Venetian altars dedicated to St. Anthony of Padua (on the right) and St. Francis of Assisi (on the left). Furthermore, near the entrance to the bell tower, it is possible to see capitals and marble from the early Middle Ages.

Of the ancient fortress only a tower, turned into a private residence, and parts of the walls can still be seen. Under the Town Hall are remains of the Palaeo-Christian basilica of Piazza Vittoria.

The Valle Cavanata Nature Reserve is a 327 ha protected area situated in the easternmost part of the Grado Lagoon.

Resort town

Today, Grado attracts scores of tourists each year to its hotels and campgrounds. A large water park run by a municipal corporation is the main attraction, complete with indoor and outdoor swimming pools, and a health centre offering spa treatments.

The town also boasts a well-preserved pedestrian-only centre, in which many shops, bars, and restaurants are located.

Grado also offers facilities for many sporting activities, including tennis, wind-surfing, and golf. From Grado can be done excursions by boat to the Grado Lagoon, and visit the many dozen islands inside it (like Barbana).

Twin towns

 * 🇦🇹 Sankt Lorenzen bei Knittelfeld, Austria
 * 🇦🇹 Sankt Marein-Feistritz, Austria

title: Grado, Friuli Venezia Giulia


text:
Farley's

Farley's was a British food manufacturing company, best known for the baby product Farley's Rusks but also for baby rice, cereals and breadsticks. The brand logo was a teddy bear.

The brand was started in the 1880s, but the company was taken over by H. J. Heinz Company in 1994.

Administrative history
Farley's Health Products Limited started life in 1857 as a baker's shop, run by Mr. Samuel Farley, but they were made by his wife Ann Farley. At 90 Cambridge Street, Plymouth. In 1862 he transferred premises to 7, Exeter Street and in 1912 Edwin Farley sold the business, including the secret formula for Farley's rusks to Mr William Bolitho Trahair, prior to emigrating to Canada. William Trahair, a well-known Liberal, and Methodist lay-preacher marketed proprietary lines, such as Globe Metal Polish and John Master's matches, from his shop Globe Stores, 58-59 Notte Street, Plymouth. In 1915 Trahair moved the Exeter Street bakery to 14 Notte Street and in 1919 the Trahair family formed Farley's Infant Food Limited. During the 1920s, the business transferred to Woolster Street and gave up its agencies to concentrate on rusk production. A new model factory was built in 1931 at Torr Lane, Peverell, Plymouth and the company expanded rapidly, until the Glaxo Group took over operations in 1968. In 1986 Boots The Chemist Limited bought the Farley's interest from Glaxo. Operations continued at the Torr Lane site until the factory shut in 1990. It is now the site of a supermarket.

The company was taken over by H. J. Heinz Company in 1994 in a deal valued at £94 million.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Farley's


text:
Talk:Nyaya

Untitled
Also see: Naming conventions (Indic)

Inference example
"Wherever there is fire, there is smoke"

Shouldn't that read "Wherever there is smoke, there is fire"? The above wording does not rule out the possibility of there being smoke without fire, and therefore does not prove the Pratijñā. Pedantic, I know, but isn't that the point? --- Anon

 * Seems like we're missing something here. You could easily replace fire with 'acid' and end up proving 'there is acid on the hill' with the same logic. Besides, it violates Modus ponens. Surely the ancient Indians and the ancient Greeks didn't have different meanings for 'truth' [:)]. This article needs more solid examples. — Rohit Dasari

 * There is no violation of modus ponens. The example seems okay. The assertion simply says that "If fire then smoke". It does not exclude the possibility of smoke being there due to other factors. The assertion does not say "Only if fire, then smoke.. it says whenever there is fire.." And it also does not say what should be the truth value of "smoke" if there is no fire. I don't see how we could replace "fire" with "acid" and prove "there is acid on the hill". --- Sri —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.164.104.166 (talk) 08:13, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Correction. I stand corrected as the set of five assertions collectively does indeed violate modus ponens. The example is of abductive reasoning, not deductive reasoning. It needs correction. -- Sri —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.164.104.166 (talk) 08:19, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

The example given is

There is fire on the hill (called Pratijñā, required to be proved) Because there is smoke there (called Hetu, reason) Wherever there is fire, there is smoke (called Udaharana, ie, example) There is smoke on the hill (called Upanaya, reaffirmation) Therefore there is fire on the hill (called Nigamana, conclusion)

Article does not say if this is supposed to be an example of valid or invalid reasoning or something else. Article does not say if this is a traditional examle, or one given by the editor to illustrae the terms Pratijñā,Hetu etc. It is clearly not an example of invalid reasonng, but would be an example of valid reasoning if "Wherever there is fire, there is smoke" read "Wherever there is smoke, there is fire". Perhaps editor just made a typo?

Is "example" really a good translation of "Udaharana" does anybody know? It seems od to describe a general statement (Wherever there is fire, there is smoke) as an "example"--Philogo 12:48, 28 August 2008 (UTC)--Philogo 12:48, 28 August 2008 (UTC)

PS See/compare the following found in Nyāya Sūtras:-

The Nyaya Sutra supports a five-part syllogism, widely followed in the Indian tradition:

This hill is fiery (pratijna: a statement of that which is to be proved). Because it is smoky (hetu: statement of reason). Whatever is smoky is fiery, as is a kitchen (udaharana: statement of a general rule supported by an example). So is this hill (upanaya: application of the rule of this case). Therefore this hill is fiery (nigamana: drawing the conclusion).

--Philogo 12:51, 28 August 2008 (UTC)

Cleanup
I put a cleanup notice on this article because the article does not conform to generally prevailing standards of editing: it looks rather like a cut&paste effort from elsewhere.

The inconsistent terminology causes confusion when discussing the article with others. In the overview "there are exactly four sources of knowledge (pramanas)", whilst in the Epistemology "four means("pramana") of obtaining correct knowledge". Also the fourth pramana is called testimony in the Overview, and word in the Epistemology.

I'd very much like to see this article developed: it would be useful to the logic pages to have a non-Greek-derived system of logic described. --- Charles Stewart

Resource
has a nice overview of the system of reasoning inside Nyaya, and could be used as a basis for completing this article. --- Charles Stewart 20:11, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

śākhā-candra-nyāya - the analogy of the moon and the branches of a tree
""No one can estimate the opulence of Kṛṣṇa. That is unlimited. However, just as one sees the moon through the branches of a tree, I wish to give a little indication." PURPORT First a child is shown the branches of a tree, and then he is shown the moon through the branches. This is called śākhā-candra-nyāya. The idea is that first one must be given a simpler example. Then the more difficult background is explained." "In this way Kṛṣṇa's transcendental forms are expanded unlimitedly. No one can count them. Whatever I have explained is simply a little glimpse. It is like showing the moon through the branches of a tree." "Śrī Caitanya Caritāmṛta Madhya 20.248

ananta avatāra kṛṣṇera, nāhika gaṇana śākhā-candra-nyāya kari dig-daraśana SYNONYMS

ananta — unlimited; avatāra — incarnations; kṛṣṇera — of Lord Kṛṣṇa; nāhika gaṇana — there is no possibility of counting; śākhā-candra-nyāya — by the analogy of the moon and the branches of a tree; kari — I make; dik-daraśana — a slight indication. TRANSLATION

"There are innumerable incarnations of Kṛṣṇa, and there is no possibility of counting them. We can simply indicate them by giving the example of the moon and the branches of a tree. PURPORT Although the moon appears to be located in the branches of a tree, it is actually situated very far away. Similarly, none of the avatāras, or incarnations, of Lord Kṛṣṇa are within this material world, but they are visible by the causeless mercy of the Lord. We should not consider them to belong to this material world. As stated by Lord Kṛṣṇa in the Bhagavad-gītā (Bg. 9.11): avajānanti māḿ mūḍhā mānuṣīḿ tanum āśritam paraḿ bhāvam ajānanto mama bhūta-maheśvaram "Fools deride Me when I descend in the human form. They do not know My transcendental nature as the Supreme Lord of all that be." Avatāras descend of their own free will, and although they may act like ordinary human beings, they do not belong to this material world. Lord Kṛṣṇa and His avatāras can be understood only by the grace of the Lord. nāyam ātmā pravacanena labhyo na medhayā na bahunā śrutena yam evaiṣa vṛṇute tena labhyas tasyaiṣa ātmā vivṛṇute tanūḿ svām (Kaṭha Upaniṣad 1.2.23) "The Supreme Lord is not obtained by means of expert explanations, vast intelligence or even much hearing. He is obtained only by one whom He Himself chooses. To such a person, He manifests His own form." athāpi te deva padāmbuja-dvaya- prasāda-leśānugṛhīta eva hi jānāti tattvaḿ bhagavan-mahimno na cānya eko 'pi ciraḿ vicinvan (Bhāg. 10.14.29) "My Lord, if one is favored by even a slight trace of the mercy of Your lotus feet, he can understand the greatness of Your personality. But those who speculate to understand the Supreme Personality of Godhead are unable to know You, even though they continue studying the Vedas for many years."" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.132.128.162 (talk) 08:26, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

ardha-kukkuṭī-nyāya — the logic of accepting half of a hen
"Śrī Caitanya Caritāmṛta Ādi 5.176

ekete viśvāsa, anye nā kara sammāna "ardha-kukkuṭī-nyāya" tomāra pramāṇa SYNONYMS

ekete viśvāsa — faith in one; anye — in the other; nā — not; kara — do; sammāna — respect; ardha-kukkuṭī-nyāya — the logic of accepting half of a hen; tomāra — your; pramāṇa — evidence. TRANSLATION

"If you have faith in one but disrespect the other, your logic is like the logic of accepting half a hen." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.132.128.162 (talk) 08:36, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

Nyāya
Also see: Naming conventions (Indic) Wakari07 (talk) 23:19, 20 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Article titles are selected by a criteria which includes WP:COMMONNAME. Indic naming conventions are not applicable for selecting article titles. However, articles titles can use diacritics etc. if such usage is more common in English language sources. That doesn't seem to be the case here. You can, of course, submit comparison, references etc. to prove your point. Correct Knowledge  «৳alk»  05:58, 21 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Where is the "established usage" here? Wouldn't you consider the closest/best/oldest sources as the most preferable? Wasn't the usage established in India/nāgarī/..., without ambiguity, for centuries? Why would Wikipedia introduce ambiguity? Wikipedia is not here only for English readers, but is set to be a reference point overall (in time as well as in space). The only point i would consider is the use or not of a capital letter for the first letter of the article title. Wakari07 (talk) 19:25, 21 September 2012 (UTC)
 * WP-ref: What Wikipedia is not and Article titles. Wakari07 (talk) 19:27, 21 September 2012 (UTC)
 * WP:COMMONNAME is the most relevant policy here. Diacritics are not used in Indian English. This the established anglicization. Thus, as per Article titles, Nyaya without diacritics should be used.-- Redtigerxyz Talk 05:51, 22 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree with Redtigerxyz. Wakari please note, if you want to change most of the Sanskrit titles and terminology in English Wikpedia (this is what you are doing in lot of articles: ,,,), please take it up at a larger forum like WT:IN. Otherwise, we'll end up with lot of duplicated discussions on many talk pages. Correct Knowledge  «৳alk»  13:00, 22 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nyaya


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User:Rl/NPOV

NPOV crusade
If you came here because you are confused by my work, if you came here to find out about my agenda: I strongly support Wikipedia's neutral point of view. To me, that is simply the single most important issue in Wikipedia – that is my crusade.

Obviously, that does not mean that all my edits are motivated to further the NPOV (let alone that I have no POV myself). And since I am fairly busy, I have my crusade on the backburner.

Regardless, I see several reasons for a fair presentation of all sides of an issue:

Know your enemy
The more important a specific issue is to you, the more important it becomes to observe those who fail to agree with you. This idea is uncontroversial – everyone who has ever prepared for a debate is familiar with it.

Educate others
History has shown time and time again that the media are highly effective means of influencing people. However, you need to control a sizable chunk (preferably all) of the media or people will spot the bias easily.

Wikipedia is nowhere near being the primary source of information for most people, so someone managing to introduce a clear bias in any direction will just result in people dismissing WP as a reliable source for information.

In addition, any substantial minority can create a fork anytime with a bias of their liking. So you may well end up preaching to the choir while those you meant to educate are now using a fork which removes your arguments as you removed theirs.

If you want to educate others, do not give them an excuse or an incentive to use sources with their favorite slant – if they disagree with you, having them read NPOV articles is the best you can hope for.

Cultivate dissent for the sake of it
Dissent is not only the mark of a free society, it is also a valuable good. It keeps a well run group from becoming complacent and offers alternatives if or rather when the world changes.

Any group of people that manages to silence all dissenters is doomed. No matter how well run it is, it lost the most effective means to eliminate bad ideas and create new ones.

Educate yourself
Elections, business investments, or jobs – most decisions in life are trade-offs with dynamics that are often surprising. The world changes, and with it the basis for our decisions.

It is common wisdom that mistakes are cheaper to correct if we learn about them early, and that they are easier to correct if we are undogmatic about the decision we need to reconsider.

Knowing all sides of an issue, knowing that the world is not black and white helps avoiding dogmatism which is a trap because it makes revisiting a decision virtually impossible. This is not advocating relativism: You can still strive to identify particularly bright shades of gray. It just means that changing an opinion does not fundamentally threaten your idea of the world.

In addition, watching the trade-offs shift in the battle of opinions enables us to recognize our mistakes earlier than if we waited for fate or history to hit us with a clue-bat. And chances are that of all the many opinions each of us holds, some are both fairly important to our future and wrong.

Personally, I spend a lot of resources on things I believe in. And I work hard to stay up-to-date with every criticism of my beliefs – I would rather know today than tomorrow if I have been wasting my time or my money.

the battle of opinions
To the extent that our disagreements are about opinions, we can never hope to resolve them. I'm not really concerned about dissent or consensus, our conclusions, our beliefs, do not shape the world. Argument here is sterile, and indeed, intended to be sterile (otherwise it would be the sin of Original Research). The purpose of the WP, like any reference book, is as a medium for individual self-education (primarily of the user; also for the editor, for trying to put something into plain words is very educational.) It is not for the discovery of truth; that's an unreasonable goal. We write the best we can for the present. Only an artist can write for the future. 71.247.14.30 04:39, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Rl/NPOV


text:
Talk:Life of Adam and Eve

[Untitled]
The external links need to be distinguished between sources. freestylefrappe 19:58, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

No undeniably christian teaching?
the book clearly contains christian teaching if it refers to satan as some kind of anti-G-d versus being an angel used to test humans. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.192.76.96 (talk) 11:54, 29 June 2011 (UTC)

 * interesting assessment: did you forget that the jews also believe that satan existed and caused mankinds demise? also islam has this teaching.
 * any how... since this book is dated in the first century.. it is hardly accurate due to the fact that it had been 4600 years since Adam and Eve lived at the time of writing and would have been pure speculation.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.233.21.82 (talk) 05:03, 12 August 2011 (UTC)

No undeniably Christian teaching II
It's as clear as mud what this means. The guy in the comment above misunderstood it. I obviously misunderstand it. Life of A&E blatantly is about the same people and fall that Genesis writes about. If the existing summary means something pickier like 'specifically Christian as opposed to Jewish', it should say so. If it's trying to imply there are or aren't incompatibilities between this text and Genesis, it should explicitly disambiguate instead of dabbling in uninformative (interruptingly bracket-toting) quasi-double-negative faux-concision. Readers shouldn't need to be mind readers to decrypt an executive summary. 92.30.46.246 (talk) 15:48, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

Is this plagiarized?
The following excerpts seem to indicate that this article has at least in part been copied and pasted from other sources: "...a single source that has not survived,[2]:251" "...early 3rd to the 5th century,[2]:252" The reference numbers 251 and 252 (in superscript) have survived the copy/paste process.Tim Riches, Brampton, Ontario (talk) 23:50, 16 July 2013 (UTC)
 * The numbers 251 or 252 are simply the pages of ref #2. (It is an accepted way to refer to single page, see for example Help:References and page numbers). I wrote the lead of this article, and it is not plagiarized. A ntv (talk) 08:00, 17 July 2013 (UTC)

Should this Gutenberg ebook be referenced?
'''The First Book of Adam and Eve '''by Rutherford Platt http://www.gutenberg.org/files/398/398-h/398-h.htm#chap00 Per the Gutenberg poster:

Rick (talk) 21:27, 14 April 2016 (UTC)
 * work of unknown Egyptians
 * Parts of this version are found in the Jewish Talmud, and the Islamic Koran
 * Egyptian author wrote in Arabic
 * Later translations were found written in Ethiopic.
 * Translated to King James English in the late 1800's by Dr. S. C. Malan and Dr. E. Trumpp (worked fromn both the (the Arabic version and the Ethiopic version)
 * Published as a section inside Forgotten Books of Eden (1927) by The World Publishing Company
 * Text was extracted to electronic form by Dennis Hawkins (1995)
 * Translated into more modern English by simply exchanging 'Thou' s for 'You's, 'Art's for 'Are's, and so forth. by Rutherford Platt? (2008)

title: Talk:Life of Adam and Eve


text:
W. W. Greg

Sir Walter Wilson Greg (9 July 1875 – 4 March 1959), known professionally as W. W. Greg, was one of the leading bibliographers and Shakespeare scholars of the 20th century.

Family and education
Greg was born at Wimbledon Common in 1875. His father, William Rathbone Greg, was an essayist; his mother was the daughter of James Wilson. As a child, Greg was expected one day to assume editorship of The Economist, which his grandfather had founded in 1843; Greg was educated at Wixenford, Harrow and at Trinity College, Cambridge.

At Cambridge, he met Ronald McKerrow, whose friendship helped shape Greg's decision to pursue a career in literature. While still in school he compiled a list of Renaissance plays printed before 1700, and he joined the Bibliographical Society the same year. He was President of the Society from 1930 to 1932, and received its Gold Medal in 1935.

Work
After school, Greg settled into a life of steady productivity, while living on the proceeds of his shares of The Economist. Working in close association with A. H. Bullen, he produced Pastoral Poetry and Pastoral Drama (1906), the first edited version of the account books of Philip Henslowe (1906–8) and the papers of Edward Alleyn. The latter two works provided him with a knowledge of Renaissance theatrical conditions perhaps rivalled only by E. K. Chambers, and this knowledge he applied to the publications of the Malone Society, which he served as general editor between 1906 and 1939. He served as Librarian of Trinity College, 1907–13, resigning after his marriage to his cousin Elizabeth Gaskell.

As an independent scholar, Greg produced editions of The Merry Wives of Windsor (1910),  Robert Greene's Orlando Furioso and George Peele's The Battle of Alcazar (published together, 1923), and Sir Thomas More (1911). He returned to specific editing with work on Doctor Faustus (1950). Greg also wrote on the material conditions of English Renaissance theatre and publishing; his work in this regard includes Dramatic Documents from the Elizabethan Playhouses (1931) and English Literary Autographs, 1550–1650 (1932). The Variants in the First Quarto of King Lear (1940) offered a careful examination of this printing. He also wrote hundreds of reviews, including a notably caustic rejection of J. Churton Collins's 1905 Oxford edition of Robert Greene.

At the beginning of World War II, Greg moved to Sussex, where he spent the war working on his edition of Faustus. In addition, he began to prepare his great works of the 1950s: The Editorial Problem in Shakespeare (1951), The Shakespeare First Folio: Its Bibliographical and Textual History (1955), Some Aspects and Problems of London Publishing, 1550–1650 (1954), and the essay "The rationale of copy-text" (1950), which had a significant influence on textual criticism. Greg was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1945. He was Lyell Reader in Bibliography at Oxford University, 1954–5. Greg was knighted in the 1950 King's Birthday Honours List.

Greg was strongly associated with Alfred W. Pollard in developing a modern understanding of the transmission of Shakespeare's texts. His greatest achievement is A Bibliography of the English Printed Drama to the Restoration, published in four volumes between 1939 and 1959.

title: W. W. Greg


text:
User talk:Mishtat

On Jan 3, 2005 you uploaded an image of Jon Peter Lewis to Wikipedia Image:Concentration.jpg, but you did't explain where it came from, or link it to any articles. While it's a nice picture, we can't use it unless we know it is legal to be used, i.e. you took it yourself and Mr. Lewis is OK with it being used here, etc... If we don't hear about in 10 days, the image will be deleted from the Wikipedia. Hope to hear from you. JesseW 19:59, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mishtat


text:
The Sun Rises in the East

The Sun Rises in the East is the debut album by American hip hop rapper Jeru the Damaja, released May 24, 1994, on Payday Records. It was produced by DJ Premier. The album features fellow Gang Starr Foundation member Afu-Ra. The album cover depicts the World Trade Center on fire only one year after the 1993 bombing of the North Tower.

The Sun Rises in the East was well received by most music critics upon its release. The album has been considered by critics to be Jeru the Damaja's best work.

"You Can't Stop the Prophet" is featured on the soundtrack of the video game NBA 2K16. The soundtrack was partially curated by DJ Premier.

Critical reception
Melody Maker named The Sun Rises in the East "bloody essential", calling it "hypnotic and chilling as a blues party on Pluto" and "another step forward for hip hop." NME said that "Jeru is more original than most [rappers]", while The Source remarked that "the music both contrasts and complements his disjointed flow and deep poetical lyricism." The Indianapolis Star wrote, "Skeletal, basic and tough, this rap disc ... is exciting for its directness, lacking only in its failure to take full hold of its theme promoting Brooklyn as the mecca of rap knowledge."

Track listing

 * All songs produced by DJ Premier

title: The Sun Rises in the East


text:
The Blue Lagoon (novel)

The Blue Lagoon is a coming-of-age romance novel written by Henry De Vere Stacpoole, first published by T. Fisher Unwin in 1908. The Blue Lagoon explores themes of love, childhood innocence, and the conflict between civilisation and the natural world.

Plot summary
The story centres on two cousins, Dick and Emmeline Lestrange, who are marooned with a galley cook on an island in the South Pacific Ocean following a shipwreck. The galley cook, Paddy Button, assumes responsibility for the children and teaches them how to survive, cautioning them to avoid the "arita" berries, which he calls "the never-wake-up berries".

Two and a half years after the shipwreck, Paddy dies following a drinking binge. The children survive on their resourcefulness and the bounty of their remote paradise. They live in a hut and spend their days fishing, swimming, diving for pearls, and exploring the island.

As time progresses, Dick and Emmeline undergo the natural process of maturing into young adults and develop romantic feelings for one another. Unaware of the complexities of human sexuality, they struggle to comprehend and articulate their growing physical attraction. Eventually, they engage in an intimate act, which is portrayed as resembling the courtship rituals observed in the animal kingdom.

Dick becomes attentive toward Emmeline, listening to her stories and bringing her gifts. Over several months they have sex and eventually, Emmeline becomes pregnant. The couple does not understand the physical changes happening to Emmeline's body and does not know about childbirth. When the day comes for delivery, Emmeline disappears into the forest and returns with a child. They discover over time that the baby requires a name and they call him "Hannah" because they have only ever known an infant called by that name.

Dick and Emmeline teach Hannah how to swim, fish, throw spears and play in the mud. They survive a violent tropical cyclone and other natural hazards of island life.

Back in San Francisco, Arthur, Dick's father and Emmeline's uncle and guardian, believes the two are still alive and is determined to find them, after recognizing a child's tea set belonging to Emmeline which was retrieved by a whaler on an island. Arthur finds a captain willing to take him to the island and they set out.

Meanwhile, Dick, Emmeline, and Hannah row their lifeboat to the place where they had once lived with Paddy as children. Emmeline breaks a branch off the deadly arita plant as Dicky cuts bananas on the shore. While in the boat with her son, Emmeline fails to notice that Hannah has tossed one of the oars into the sea. The tide comes in and sweeps the boat into the lagoon, leaving Emmeline and Hannah stranded. As Dicky swims to them, he is pursued by a shark. Emmeline strikes the shark with the remaining oar, earning Dick time to climb into the boat safely.

Although they are not far from shore, the trio cannot get back without the oars and they are unable to retrieve them from the water because of the shark. The boat is caught in the current and drifts out to sea; all the while Emmeline still grasps the arita branch.

Sometime later, Arthur's ship comes across the lifeboat and finds the three unconscious but still breathing. The arita branch is now bare save for one berry. Arthur asks, "Are they dead?" and the captain replies, "No, sir. They are asleep". The ambiguous ending leaves it uncertain whether or not they can be revived.

Characters

 * Emmeline Lestrange: a shipwrecked orphan, the heroine
 * Dick Lestrange: Emmeline's cousin, a shipwrecked orphan, the hero
 * Paddy Button: the galley cook of the wrecked ship
 * Arthur Lestrange: Dick's father and Emmeline's uncle
 * Hannah: Dick and Emmeline's son

History
During a sleepless night, Stacpoole's mind wandered to the concept of a caveman's life. He found himself in awe of the primitive man's ability to appreciate and find wonder in the most basic of things, such as a sunset or thunderstorm. He compared this to the current era, where advanced technology has taken away the mystery and enchantment of these natural occurrences. Modern-day humans have become so consumed with the scientific explanation of things that they have lost the ability to appreciate the beauty and awe-inspiring qualities of nature. By doing so, they have deprived themselves of the simple joys that once filled them with wonder.

Stacpoole, being a seasoned medical practitioner, had encountered instances of birth and death, and as a result, these occurrences no longer possessed any sense of awe or enigma for him. This led him to ponder the concept of two young children who are forced to grow up on an isolated island with no access to any form of guidance or knowledge. These children would be subject to the natural phenomena of birth, death, and storms, and would have to experience the highs and lows of life without any assistance. Stacpoole found this idea fascinating and was inspired to explore it further. The next day, he began to work on The Blue Lagoon.

Comparisons with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
The author deliberately draws parallels between The Blue Lagoon and the Biblical story of Adam and Eve, highlighting the innocence and naivety of the two young protagonists, Emmeline and Dick. However, it is evident that the author is also influenced by Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The narrative structure of childhood leading to adolescent romance in Stacpoole's novel is likely influenced by Longus’s Daphnis and Chloe and Bernardin de St. Pierre's Paul et Virginie. The reference to Wonderland is made when the castaways approach Palm Tree Island, which is the beginning of an adventure that is full of similarities to Alice's journey. Like Alice, Emmeline is around the same age, and their innocent curiosity leads them to explore their surroundings. Emmeline's tea party on the beach and her former pet's resemblance to the Cheshire Cat are examples of the author's clever allusions to Carroll's work.

The similarities continue with Emmeline's innocent attempt to eat the "never-wake-up berries" and receiving a lecture on poison from Paddy Button, which is reminiscent of Alice's encounter with the "Drink Me" bottle. The "Poetry of Learning" chapter also draws parallels with Alice's conversation with the Caterpillar. Paddy's smoking of a pipe and the children teaching him to write his name in the sand echoes the Caterpillar smoking a hookah while questioning Alice's identity.

The author also incorporates other references to wonder, curiosity, and strangeness throughout the novel, honouring Carroll's work. The children lose track of time, similar to the Mad Hatter's tea party, and undergo physical changes, like Alice growing taller and Emmeline becoming plumper. The reference to the baby in "Pig and Pepper" is also made when Hannah sneezes at the sight of Dicky.

Reception
Upon its initial publication, the book gained popularity. The critical acclaim was substantial, with one reviewer commending the book's tale of discovering love and experiencing innocent mating, describing it as refreshing as the ozone that had strengthened the characters. The Saturday Review highlighted the novel's ability to captivate readers, its carefully constructed premise, the characters' growth from childhood innocence to self-sufficiency, and the enchanting love story. The reviewer acknowledged some grammatical issues but commended the author's imaginative storytelling, and went so far as to assert that the label of "romance," frequently used in contemporary works, was genuinely fitting for this novel.

The Athenaeum's review highlighted the poetic and imaginative qualities of the story, which revolves around two children stranded on a desert island with an elderly Irish sailor, Paddy Button. The review praised the story's charm and emotional depth, particularly in the early chapters depicting the children's adventures with Paddy. It commended the portrayal of their growth, learning about love and life through their natural surroundings. Although the review noted the eventual rescue and return to civilization, it underscored that the most attractive aspects of the novel lie in the initial chapters and the endearing character of Paddy Button.

The Academy gave a positive review and commended Stacpoole for his treatment of delicate themes and the character development of the two children. It also noted the book's engaging plot and the richness of the island's descriptions, though it did have reservations about the ending.

The Sydney Morning Herald praised Stacpoole's handling of a challenging subject matter, as well as his keen eye, accurate psychology, and "quite adequate literary skill".

The work was acclaimed by the Review of Reviews for its uniqueness, described as a narrative that diverges from any other published story. Additionally, Stacpoole was praised for his authorship of an authentic, delightful, and uncomplicated romance, showcasing the author's boldness and creativity.

The novel received acclaim from the South Australian Register, which described it as an exemplary maritime narrative suitable for both male and female juvenile readers. The Register also commended it for its abundance of educational insights and profound emotions that can only arise from a life of being alone and removed from society.

The novel, as reviewed by The Japan Weekly Mail, has been described as a "moderately good tale", encompassing numerous startling incidents. However, they cautioned that the conclusion of the novel may leave readers feeling emotionally detached, as it was deemed unsatisfactory.

Punch particularly praised the novel for Stacpoole's "powerful" writing and for being "fascinating," "delicately conceived," and "healthily nurtured on the fruits of an observation which knows when not to observe," but warned that the novel "has the power of the rapier rather than that of the bludgeon, which... is the kind of force that epithet has come latterly to suggest when applied to fiction."

The New York Sun praised the novel for being "told prettily enough" and "provoking to have a situation carefully prepared", but warned that "the author [Henry De Vere Stacpoole] is so carried away by the machinery he devises that he seems inclined to pass over the poetry in a hurry."

Frederic Taber Cooper of The Bookman offered a nuanced assessment of the book. While acknowledging that the novel deviated from conventional literary standards in terms of construction, Cooper commended it for its successful attempt to explore the complex and unusual theme of two individuals growing up in a state of nature without guidance. He noted the book's similarity to a short story by Morgan Robertson and highlighted the careful insight into the psychology of the characters as they navigate existence unaided. However, Cooper critiqued the book's narrative mechanism, particularly in the final episode where the father encounters his child by sheer chance, finding it jarring and lacking in credibility. Despite its shortcomings in storytelling, The Blue Lagoon is recognized for its daring exploration of this unique theme.

The New York Times praised Stacpoole's novel for its examination of the dilemma surrounding the solitary development of two children on the island after surviving a shipwreck. The newspaper did issue a warning, however, suggesting that those with traditional and rigid beliefs might continue to hold out hope that a missionary would soon arrive on the island carrying religious items. Nevertheless, it is specified that the island is devoid of any missionary inhabitants.

The novel was reprinted over twenty times in the following twelve years.

Louis J. McQuilland of The Bookman wrote in 1921: "It is probable that The Blue Lagoon will always be the most favoured of Stacpoole's books because its appeal is universal. It is an idyll of childhood and youth amid tropical splendours which catch the heart by their beauty. The theme of Dick and Emmeline growing up together and gradually awakening to passion is a very delicate one. No one but a writer of the finest sensibility could have dealt with the stirring of innocence to knowledge without creating a sense of awkwardness and embarrassment in all those who reverence the spirituality of youth. That extremely sickly romance, Paul and Virginia, had a European vogue for generations. It is to The Blue Lagoon as a bit of coloured glass to a great emerald."

Claud Cockburn wrote in 1972 that the novel "almost perfectly exemplifies what readers wanted, and for that matter still want, from the Pacific Island novel."

Robert Hardin wrote in 1996: "The sheer bulk of natural description in the novel tends to push aside the narrative, further undercutting the reader's sense of time. Conventions of romance like the mysterious idol and the threat of the savages (complete with drums and secretly observed human sacrifice) lend a necessary minimum of fear and excitement to the story, but even less than in Daphnis and Chloe. Instead, the story fixes attention on the maturing of a couple, not of two separate characters. Seen as an idyllic romance, Blue Lagoon almost has to end at that point, if only because the couple's return to society with a child would have raised some complicated questions."

Stage

 * The Blue Lagoon (opened 28 August 1920) produced by Basil Dean. The adaptation was by Norman MacOwan and Charlton Mann.

Films
Six films have been based on this novel:
 * The Blue Lagoon (1923), a silent film directed by William Weston Bowden and Dick Cruickshanks, starring Molly Adair and Arthur Pusey; produced for African Film Productions (lost)
 * The Blue Lagoon (1949), directed by Frank Launder, starring Jean Simmons and Donald Houston; currently owned by ITV Studios through The Rank Organisation film library
 * The Blue Lagoon (1980), directed by Randal Kleiser, starring Brooke Shields and Christopher Atkins; released by Columbia Pictures
 * Pengantin Pantai Biru (1983), an Indonesian adaptation directed by Wim Umboh, starring Meriam Bellina and Sandro Tobing
 * Return to the Blue Lagoon (1991), directed by William A. Graham, starring Brian Krause and Milla Jovovich; released by Columbia Pictures, sequel to the 1980 adaptation
 * Blue Lagoon: The Awakening (2012); produced by Sony Pictures Television for Lifetime

Sequels
Following the triumph of The Blue Lagoon, Stacpoole wrote two sequels:

 * The Garden of God (1923)
 * The Gates of Morning (1925)

Copyright status
In Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa, the novel's copyright expired on 1 January 2002. In its country of origin, the copyright expired on 1 January 2022.

title: The Blue Lagoon (novel)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mehran

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was: keep rewritten article. sjorford →•← 13:17, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Mehran
Nothing more than an indication that it's a Persian name. Has already been transwikied to Wiktionary. RickK 20:02, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC) Keep BD2412's rewrite. RickK 18:25, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep drini ☎ 01:58, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. While I would not call this a "speedy" case, I will abide by the outcome of the discussion on names and surnames. I know of no notable Mehrans to justify a disambig, and can find nothing of historical or etymological siginificance on this name, so I will not vote to keep it. -- BD2412 talk 01:06, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * On second thought, redirect to Mehran Karimi Nasseri, who seems to be the only one in Wikipedia. -- BD2412 talk 01:07, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * D'oh!!! There's an Iranian city called Mehran. I'm turning this into an article on it. This is not a vote, just a notice. -- BD2412 talk 01:16, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * Keep. Excellent work, BD2412!  -- Un  focused  03:07, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mehran


text:
Talk:Surskit

Untitled
Ummmm....the list of Pokémon by color doesn't have Surskit in it, and I can't put it in because I don't really know for sure what its official color is.
 * I think it's blue.

Swedish name
Surskit in swedish means "Sour shit" (Snorlax means "Snot-salmon"). Would that be worth mentioning? --Ojan 17:37, 14 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Very much not worth noting. urutapu 22:33, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

For every pokemon that evolves we should put an "Evolves at: Level X" because only some pokemon have this and it is usually hidden. I'll help to do this if approved.

title: Talk:Surskit


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User talk:Namela

Welcome to Wikipedia
Welcome! Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia, ! I hope you like the place and decide to keep contributing. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * What Wikipedia is not

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question at the village pump or feel free to ask me on my Talk page. One more quick tip: to sign your name on a Talk page like I did below, the easiest way is just to type four tildes (~~~~). To customize your signature, look here. And remember:Be Bold! Sarg 20:02, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

thank you for your welcome
thanks you for your welcome guys.
 * Feel free to ask if you need anything :) Sarg 17:02, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Todays your lucky day cause you my friend have just meet Namela the page savior,go to the village pumps for more info on me.

Concerning Diamond Arts
I must say I fully support Etacar11 on this issue. Namela, what you are doing is completely wrong. The use of sockpuppets is not only against the rules (it might get you banned), but it is also blatantly obvious. I suggest you actually READ the links I left for you on your welcome message or we will be forced to report you to an administrator. Sarg 11:29, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Whats with you man
Ive heard that you our a trouble maker Namela,is it true are not? Quin T 11:29 5 jun 2005

No im not a trouble maker,and i did not make sock puppets.those people all have edit history and a user page.8:20 5 jun 2005

From the Bank of Wikipedia. Account offering
Dear sir/madam.

Our Bank has selected you, are we are offering to you an account in our Bank, with some initial coins in it. You can use these coins as a medium of exchange here in wikipedia. For example, you can ask another wikipedian to make specific contributions, deletions, or cast votes for a subject, or pay him with your money for whatever reason you like. Its not bank's job to punish you in case your transactions are against wikipedia policy. But have in mind that if you are doing illegal transactions, you may be punished by admins. The bank is going to pay you 2 coins for each person you are going to introduce to the Bank.

Whatever transactions you are doing with other wikipedians, please do them in User_talk:Bank_of_Wikipedia. The trusted employees of the bank are going to confirm the validity of your transactions, and they are going to copy them (after a short delay) to your official account that resides in User:Bank_of_Wikipedia userpage.

Please confirm here that you desire the account.

yours truly. Bank of Wikipedia 10:42, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Namela ?
If you are wondering why im writeing this its because i want to know if the rumors are true are not?Guyi 12:55, 22 jun 2005

Unblock

 * What's the reason to unblock? You haven't tried editting in over a year... and all you did was mess with VFDs back then...? Sasquatch t|c 18:09, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * As above, I've removed another unblock tag, if you aren't willing to give a reason, I'll assume that placing the tag is just to be disruptive and will lock this talk page. --pgk( talk ) 06:27, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Namela


text:
User:Duffie

Hey everyone.

Wikipedia is McAwesome.

title: User:Duffie


text:
Stadial and interstadial

Stadials and interstadials are phases dividing the Quaternary period, or the last 2.6 million years. Stadials are periods of colder climate, and interstadials are periods of warmer climate.

Each Quaternary climate phase is associated with a marine isotope stage (MIS) number, which describes the alternation between warmer and cooler temperatures, as measured by oxygen isotope data. Stadials have even MIS numbers, and interstadials have odd MIS numbers. The current Holocene interstadial is MIS 1, and the Last Glacial Maximum stadial is MIS 2.

Marine isotope stages are sometimes further subdivided into stadials and interstadials by minor climate fluctuations within the overall stadial or interstadial regime, which are indicated by letters. The odd-numbered interstadial MIS 5, also known as the Sangamonian interglacial, contains two periods of relative cooling, and so is subdivided into three interstadials (5a, 5c, 5e) and two stadials (5b, 5d). A stadial isotope stage like MIS 6 would be subdivided by periods of relative warming, and so in that case the first and last subdivisions would be stadials; MIS 6a, 6c and 6e are stadials while 6b and 6d are interstadials.

Distinction between stadials and glacials
Generally, stadials endure for a thousand years or less and interstadials for less than ten thousand years, and interglacials last for more than ten thousand and glacials for about one hundred thousand. For a period to be considered an interglacial, it changes from Arctic through sub-Arctic to boreal to temperate conditions and back again. An interstadial reaches only the stage of boreal vegetation.

The MIS 1 interstadial encompasses the entirety of the present Holocene interglacial, but the Wisconsin glaciation encompasses MIS 2, 3, and 4.

Glacials and interglacials refer to the 100,000-year cycles associated with Milankovitch cycles, and stadials and interstadials are defined by the actual oxygen-isotope temperature record.

Bølling/Allerød interstadial
The Bølling oscillation and the Allerød oscillation, where they are not clearly distinguished in the stratigraphy, are taken together to form the Bølling–Allerød Interstadial, and dated from about 14,700 to 12,700 years before the present.

Dryas periods
The Oldest, Older, and Younger Dryas are three stadials that occurred during the warming since the Last Glacial Maximum. The Older Dryas occurred between the Bølling and Allerød interstadials. All three periods are named for the arctic plant species, Dryas octopetala, which proliferated during these cold periods.

Dansgaard-Oeschger events
Greenland ice cores show 24 interstadials during the 100,000 years of the Wisconsin glaciation. Referred to as the Dansgaard–Oeschger event, they have been extensively studied, and in their northern European contexts are sometimes named after towns, such as the Brorup, the Odderade, the Oerel, the Glinde, the Hengelo, or the Denekamp.

title: Stadial and interstadial


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cheryl Campbell

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mikkalai (talk • contribs) 17:55, 10 Jun 2005 UTC

Cheryl Campbell
Not particularly notable. Robojames 20:05, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. You've got to be joking! She played female lead to Bob Hoskins in Pennies from Heaven. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 20:16, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I've heard of her. DJ Clayworth 20:17, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Not a great article (yet) but definitely a noteworthy subject. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 20:19, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * alright, I stand corrected and withdraw this VfD --Robojames 20:33, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * VfD withdrawn (and rightfully so) - is this a case for a speedy keep? -- BD2412 talk 01:10, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable British actress. Capitalistroadster 02:01, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm summarily removing the VfD notice from this article. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 11:54, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Unilateral action to remove VfD notice before the five day period is inappropriate. Please don't do that. Keep — notable. — RJH 14:55, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay. Reverted. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 15:03, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Was this deletion proposed because Cheryl Campbell has never done a nude scene? Are nude scenes the key to notability? Should I do a nude scene so I can get a Wikipedia article? --Aussieintn 15:10, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Arcanum (comics)

Arcanum was an American comic book published by Image Comics in 1996, under the Top Cow banner. The series was created by artist Brandon Peterson, in what was his first attempt at writing a series. It was vaguely a fantasy title, relying heavily on magical themes that were similar to other series Top Cow was publishing at the time. Peterson kept the title going for eight issues plus a 1/2 issue published by Wizard Entertainment, but the series was cancelled by Top Cow. Peterson wrapped up all plotlines in the final issue.

title: Arcanum (comics)


text:
Renovation

Renovation (also called remodeling) is the process of improving broken, damaged, or outdated structures. Renovations are typically done on either commercial or residential buildings. Additionally, renovation can refer to making something new, or bringing something back to life and can apply in social contexts. For example, a community can be renovated if it is strengthened and revived. It can also be restoring something to a former better state (as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding). Renovation is very common in some places. For example, there are more than twenty thousand home improvement projects every year in Hong Kong, affecting more than a million residents (population of HK is around 7.5 million in 2023).

Phases and process of renovations
The building renovation process can usually, depending on the extents of the renovation, be broken down into several phases. The phases are as follow. Projects involving renovation require not just flexibility, but a plan that had been agreed upon by multiple parties. The planning process will involve feedback from financial investors of the project, and from the designer. Part of planning will also entail the collection of data for the completion of the project and then the project plan will be revised and given consent before continuing with renovations.
 * Project initiation - The beginning of the project that includes the hiring of construction and design teams, defining the scope of the work, creating a budget, and communicating the needs, expectations, and wants from both the client and building team
 * Existing conditions analysis - This includes measuring, drawing, and analyzing the structure to be renovated, and identifying any major issues with the project that could effect work to be done
 * Initial design - Beginning the design work by testing out concept ideas, designing multiple iterations of outcomes, communicating with the client, and receiving client feedback on the design to make changes
 * Finalizing design - Finalizing the design work by making sure the design is what the client wants, making sure the design works with existing conditions, creating a more detailed design (including specs and engineering), also could include the beginning of construction or demolition work while the design is being finalized
 * Construction and demolition - Starting the physical work by completing demolition needed, structural repairs needed, building new designed conditions, applying finishes, and trouble shooting any problems or unknown conditions that are brought to light during construction
 * Project finalization - The end of the project which includes turnover to the client, punch listing, walking through with the client, and verifying that project scope and expectations were met

Technology has had a meaningful effect on the renovation process, increasing the significance and strength of the planning stage. The availability of free online design tools has improved visualization of the changes, at a fraction of the cost of hiring a professional designer. The decision regarding changes is also influenced by the purpose of basement renovation. Depending on the significance of these changes a professional may be required, especially if any changes other than cosmetic work (paint or finishes) is required. Many local codes require a professional to complete work in the built environment such as structural changes, new walls, new plumbing, or many others. Doing these changes without hiring a professional can result in health effects, safety concerns, damages, fines, and increased cost due to having to hire a professional after self-work. Most builders focus on building new homes, so renovating is typically a part-time activity for such tradespeople. The processes and services required for renovations are quite specific and, once plans are signed off, building a new home is relatively predictable. However, during renovation projects, flexibility is often required from renovation companies to respond to unexpected issues that arise. Renovations usually require all of the sub-trades that are needed for the construction of a new building.

In case of a so-called "fix-and-flip" (repair and resell) objective, an ROI (return on investment) can result from changes to fix a structural issue, to fix design flow yield, or to use light and color to make rooms appear more spacious. Because interior renovation could change of the internal structure of the house, ceiling construction, circuit configuration and partition walls, etc., such work related to the structure of the house, of course, also includes renovation of wallpaper posting, furniture settings, lighting, etc often times an interior designer is required as well.

Reasons to renovate
Many people renovate homes to create a new appearance. Builders may renovate homes to enhance the home's value as a stable source of income. Homeowners often renovate their homes to increase the re-sale value and to turn a profit when selling. Homeowners may also want to add renovations that make their home more energy efficient, green or sustainable. Also, over time, a homeowner’s personal preferences and needs may change, and the home will be renovated for improved aesthetics, comfort, or functionality.

Other types of renovations also can be initiated for similar reasons. The user or owner of a building can change which can effect the needs or wants for the space prompting a renovation. This is becoming more popular as buildings owners are renting or leasing floors or sections of the buildings to companies which have different spacial requirements than the previous users causing needed renovation. Renovations can also occur as companies increase size which could lead to needed additional retail, office, or other types of spaces. Similarly to homes other building owners could also want renovations to increased value, make the building more energy efficient, green or sustainable, or to update the building.

Wood
Wood is versatile and flexible, making it the easiest construction material for renovations, and wood buildings can be redesigned to suit changing needs. Few homeowners or professional remodelers possess the skill and equipment that is required to alter steel-frame or concrete structures.

When looking at embodied carbon in building materials wood is often labeled as the most sustainable. This is because it sequesters carbon which if certified sustainably sourced will significantly reduce embodied carbon of buildings. This makes it a low emitting choice for a building material for an overall building and for renovations.

Forest certification verifies that wood products have been sourced from well-managed forests. Most certification programs provide online search options so that consumers can find certified products—the Certification Canada program includes a search option for all of the certification programs that are in use in Canada.

In North America, most structures are demolished because of external forces such as zoning changes and rising land values. Additionally, buildings that cannot be modified to serve the functional needs of the occupants are subject to demolition. Very few buildings on the continent are demolished due to structural degradation.

The Athena Institute surveyed 227 commercial and residential buildings that were demolished in St. Paul, Minnesota, between 2000 and mid-2003. Thirty percent of the buildings were less than 50 years old, and 6% were less than 25 years old. The four top reasons for demolition were "area redevelopment" (35%), "building’s physical condition" (31%), "not suitable for anticipated use" (22%), and "fire damage" (7%). Lack of maintenance was cited as the specific problem for 54 of the 70 buildings where physical condition was given as the reason for demolition.

Others

 * Adhesive
 * Asbestos
 * Asbestos
 * Cement
 * Concrete
 * Lead paint
 * Metals
 * Paint
 * Plasterboard
 * Solvent

Health
In the US, “About 75% of homes built before 1978 contain some lead-based paint. The older the home the more likely it is to contain lead-based paint. You should assume that any home built before 1978 contains some lead.”

Sustainability
Currently, worldwide 38% of emissions and 35% of energy use come from the building sector, including building construction and operation. This means renovations contribute to emissions and energy use of the building sector. These percentages are the largest portion of the total emissions and energy use globally. This makes buildings have the highest potential for decreasing these percentages as well as the largest need to decrease them. Renovations are also one way to do this.

Renovations decrease emissions as instead of demolishing a building just to build a new one the building is reused. Reuse of buildings is not always desirable as it is often pursued to have a building designed for the many individual and unique needs building owners have but it is not always a necessity. Renovations can take a building and make it completely different from the old building just reusing the structure, which is often the largest contributor of embodied carbon to a building. However, in order to be able to do this buildings need to be design durably and re-use. Designing for durability and reuse is designing for new buildings to be "long lasting, use-adaptable, and culturally valuable" to allow for the building to be kept for longer to minimize emissions from a complete rebuild.

Having these ideas in mind while designing new buildings significantly increases the likelihood for renovations to happen. Buildings are more likely to be torn down because they can not accommodate the new desired use then because the structure is failing. Renovations allow old buildings to fit new needs in a way that outputs less emissions than a complete tear down and construction of a new building which is often a feasible option.

Economic

Renovation has several effects on economies, including:
 * creating jobs
 * increasing spending
 * increasing property values
 * generating tax revenue during both the construction and residential phases

title: Renovation


text:
Black Market Music (album)

Black Market Music is the third studio album by British alternative rock band Placebo. The album took nine months to record, from late-1999 to mid-2000; the longest that the band had ever spent recording an album until 2022's Never Let Me Go. It was released on 9 October 2000 by record label Hut.

Four singles were released from the album: "Taste in Men", "Slave to the Wage", "Special K" and "Black-Eyed". The album reached number 6 in the UK Albums Chart, and received a generally favourable reaction from music critics.

Background and content
Speaking to Kerrang! in June 2009, Brian Molko remembered: "We had a real swagger and bravado when we went into the studio for this one. We had just come off a really successful tour and felt we'd really exploded. We felt like cowboys of rock! We were also really heavily medicated and beginning to get quite deep into drugs. That's probably why it took nine months to make an album. The drugs also contributed to a certain amount of arrogance. At least that's what I remember from the time. I think we had a desire to write about the world we saw around us. We thought it was cool that, though other people were a little afraid to get deep down and dirty, we could take it on ourselves to write about those things. I think that album was the start of us trying to mix genres. We had so much hatred for rap-rock bands like Limp Bizkit and all they represented – misogyny, homophobia and commercialism – that we wanted to do our own version of it."

The album is dedicated to music publicist Scott Piering, who died of cancer in early 2000. The song "Commercial for Levi" is a reference to the sound technician Levi Tecofski, who on one occasion saved frontman Brian Molko's life: Molko, drunk and about to cross the road, was quickly pulled back by Tecofski from the path of an approaching vehicle.

Release
Black Market Music was released on 9 October 2000. It reached number 6 in the UK Albums Chart.

Reception
Black Market Music received a generally favourable critical response, though a less enthusiastic reception than previous records. Dean Carlson of AllMusic wrote that "Black Market Music finds Molko in such moody lust that his strangled, androgynous wailing rivals anything the band has previously flashed to the world [...] Placebo seem to have finally found that sweet wet spot between beauty and perversion." Dale Price of Drowned in Sound called it "a heavily revised upgrade of their back catalogue. And then some." Nicholas Taylor of PopMatters called it "highly listenable dark guitar rock".

Among its detractors were NME, who called it "a case of ambition eclipsing talent, of hubris, of a band losing the plot. Placebo's frame of reference has always been narrow, but they've now been reduced to empty gestures without any visionary tunes to tip the balance."

Brian Molko ranked this as his least favourite Placebo album.

Personnel
Placebo
 * Brian Molko – vocals, guitar, keyboards, 6-string bass, production, mixing
 * Stefan Olsdal – bass, guitar, 6-string bass, keyboards, backing vocals, production, mixing
 * Steve Hewitt – drums, percussion, production, mixing

Additional personnel
 * Rob Ellis – string arrangements
 * Bill Lloyd – bass on "Peeping Tom"
 * Severe Loren – backing vocals on "Taste in Men" and "Special K"
 * Dimitri Tikovoï – string programming
 * Justin Warfield – rapping vocals on "Spite & Malice"

Technical
 * Paul Collins – sleeve art direction
 * Ian Cooper – mastering
 * Paul Corkett – production, mixing
 * Lorraine Francis – engineering
 * Scott Kannberg – sampling
 * Dare Mason – production
 * Kevin Westenberg – sleeve art direction, sleeve photography

title: Black Market Music (album)


text:
Lenham

Lenham is a market village and civil parish in the Maidstone district, in Kent, England, situated on the southern edge of the North Downs, 9 mi east of Maidstone. The picturesque square in the village has two public houses (one of which is a hotel), a couple of restaurants, and a tea-room. The parish has a population of 3,370 according to the 2011 Census.

Lenham railway station is on the Maidstone East Line.

The village is at the main source of the Great Stour and the Stour Valley Walk starts here, heading to Ashford and on to Canterbury and the English Channel near Sandwich. It is also the source of the River Len, which flows in a westerly direction to join the River Medway at Maidstone.

History
In 850, Æthelwulf, King of Wessex, granted Ealhhere, ealdorman of Kent, a large estate of forty hides at Lenham.

Mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, Lenham market dates back to 1088, when the village was an important crossroad settlement. The manor of Lenham belonged to St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, until the dissolution of the monasteries when it reverted to the Crown. Queen Elizabeth I awarded the manor to her chief courtier, William Cecil, Lord Burleigh. It then passed through ownership of the Wilford, Montagu, Hamilton and Best families.

Technically the fact that Lenham is allowed a market, makes it a town but the community have always desired to maintain its village status.

The High Street has a number of listed buildings.

Mary Honywood was born in Lenham. When she died in Essex at the age of 93, she had 367 living descendants.

The Pilgrims' Way/North Downs Way passes along the downland ridge to the north of Lenham. Between this ridge and the village lies a 200 ft chalk cross carved into the scarp slope. First constructed in 1922, to remember those who fell in the Great War, and fully restored in 1994, the Lenham Cross now commemorates the dead of both world wars. To avoid its use as a navigation aid by the Luftwaffe, the cross was filled in between 1939 and May 1945.

On 27 August 1950, Lenham, along with the village of Harvel, was one of the signal relay points (between Calais and London) of the first-ever live television pictures from the continent.

In 2020, Co-op staff member, Jo Bate, won Sales Assistant of the Year for her excellent service during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Amenities
The parish church of St Mary was rebuilt in the 14th century after fire had destroyed its predecessor. It and the nearby Tithe Barn are Grade I listed buildings. From 1876 to his death in 1903, the vicar of the church was Charles Nepean, who played for Oxford University A.F.C. in the 1874 FA Cup Final. Nepean also played cricket for Middlesex.

There is a primary school, Lenham Primary and a secondary school, The Lenham School, at Lenham. A pair of cottages in Lenham had to be demolished to make way for the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (Maidstone Line). They were dismantled and re-erected at the Museum of Kent Life, Sandling.

A local kit car firm GKD Sports Cars has its workshop based in Lenham and its main base in Boughton Monchelsea.

Also in Lenham is a pharmacy, famous as the discovery site of a sixth century Saxon warrior body and weapons. The village has a website dedicated to recording the village's cultural heritage. Lenham Meadows Trust works to protect open spaces in the area. The church is supported by the Friends’ of St Mary's. The village also has a film club.

Lenham is also a home of HAMS Productions, armature dramatic society, a diverse group that serves community since 2016. HAMS Productions' yearly pantomimes are gaining popularity. It also had two successful serious plays, written and directed by a local author. HAMS Productions has around a hundred of members and is located in Lenham Community Centre.

Heathlands
Maidstone Borough Council has proposed a garden village called Heathlands in their Local Plan adopted in 2024.

Freedom of the Parish
The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Parish of Lenham.

Military Units

 * The Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers: 23 June 2024.

title: Lenham


text: Category:Sister Princess

title: Category:Sister Princess