text:
Talk:Gonzales v. Raich

What next?
What I'd like to know is NOW WHAT? What's the future for this? What's the process that it needs to go through in Congress, and when will it all happen? Does anyone have these answers?? 16:18, 10 Jun 2005 64.223.40.90

Correct citation
US Reports has the citation of this case as Raich v. Gonzales, which is how it was docketed by SCOTUS. For what reason is it listed here in reverse, and how would this be corrected (on the assumption that it is, in fact, wrong, although I would tend to assume that the Supreme Court's docket is authoritative).Simon Dodd 20:38, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I think that may be an error, but I don't know what reason it may have been reported as such. Traditionally, cases are titled with the appellant first, and in this case it was the government (then represented by John Ashcroft) which appealed the ruling of the ninth circuit. The replacement of Ashcroft with Alberto Gonzales makes sense due to the change of attorney-general during the pendency of the case, but reversing the litigants does not. A possible interpretation, however: the appeal was interlocutory in nature and was remanded to the lower courts for further litigation. Hence, the plaintiff in the case is again Raich et. al. Whig 22:06, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The case was originally captioned Raich v. Ashcroft because Raich and Monson were the original appellants. They also filed the appeal to the 9th Circuit Court, who reversed the ruling of the lower district court. When the case reached the United States Supreme Court, Attorney General John Ashcroft and DEA Administrator Asa Hutchinson filed the Petition for Certiorari, at which point the federal government became the appellant. The case caption was changed when Alberto Gonzales became the new Attorney General.

Gun Laws
This doesn't mention the effect on firearms

What a stupid article
First, it quotes only from the dissent and not the majority opinion.

Second, it is entirely irrelevant (and ludicrous) that "activists" have compared the decision to the Dred Scott decision. (unsigned anon comment)

We should definitely cite it. Hilariously, the majority opinion was that growing your own pot affects the national market, so is covered by the Commerce Clause, because the government can't fully regulate the market in pot if you are growing your own (and therefore not taking part in the market). This would mean that any activity that can in any way be said to have an effect on a market that has an interstate dimension (in other words, just about anything) could be covered by the Commerce Clause (which was what Thomas argued in his dissenting opinion).

You have to smile at a judge who's willing to rule that the government can regulate your homegrown dope because you're refusing to buy it on the open market, which is illegal. Luther Blissett 02:34, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree on the Dred Scott thing, that seems POV to me. Lets give it a couple days, and then remove it if there are no objections. -GregAsche 20:54, September 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * I certainly object- OK, I am just seeing this two months later, but the comment should be made. First, the Dred Scott reference is citing the view of activists, so it is fair comment, not bad POV.  Second, even as detached analysis, it is reasonable comment on two counts: as with Dred Scott,
 * the fundemental civil rights of a large class of inidividuals is at issue
 * the minority opinion aligns with rapidly growing popular sentiment, suggesting reversal is possible

 * In case this first point is unclear, we are speaking of cannabis users, of many tens of millions of Americans, over three-quarters of a million of whom suffer arrest annually, more than 77,000 of whom are now incarcerated, tens of thousands of whom (including the defendants) suffer interference- for some fatal- in their health care, and all of whom are vulnerable- sometimes simply by being identified as cannabis users- to an array of de jure harms, which includes loss of employment, loss of child custody, loss of professional license, loss of public housing, loss of driving license, incarceration, forfiture of assets, circumvention of criminal procedure, as well as any number of de facto harms, such as workplace discrimination, police harassment, religious interference and consumer fraud.  Cannabis prohibition has significant civil rights ramifications, the comparison to Dred Scott is hardly overblown.

 * That said, someone should find a representative quote from each of Scalia's and Kennedy's briefs and display them similarly to those of O'Connor and Thomas.

 * -SM 20:17, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Specifically what activists have compared it to Dred Scott? Please give a quote and cite a source. You've convinced me about it's POVicity, but if it is to be included in the article, it needs a source. -Greg Asche (talk) 22:11, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I trust I convinced you of its relevance. Will look for citation. -SM

 * Well, thought I had it with this one, but it is regarding United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative, with the same attorney (Raich, husband of the appellate, Angel Raich). The number of posted comments re Gonzales v. Raich and Dred Scott is high (to which, I suppose, you may add mine), as is that of those by outraged states' rights advocates, but I am looking for a proper citation from a cannabis activist.  Had the discomfiting experience of any good Wikipedian when Googling for a supporting citation, and encountering the very article I was trying to support. Will find soon. -SM 00:53, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

NPOV tag
This article is exceptionally biased. Not only does the government's case section fail to outline the government's case (instead outlining moral-type arguments for the defendant), the result section doesn't explain any of the result, instead describing the legally irrelevant position of the dissenters. Psychobabble 20:59, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

I tried to fix it up a little. It did need quite a bit of balancing. But I think it's ok now. I've removed the tag, but it still could use some more info, and maybe a few more tweaks.--Cdogsimmons 23:25, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, i'm re-inserting it. You've done a decent job of adding more of the other side, but my primary objection stands. There is no substantive explanation of the legal reasoning of the majority but two reasonably long quotes by a dissenting judge. There is three extensive paragraphs of Raich's case and one cursory paragraph on the government's. There is a fiery rhetorical comparison by an opposing group of the case to Dread Scott (!!!) and a bland statement by a supporting group. More than that, the tone of the article reads like this case was a break in the Renqhist court's pro-federalism approach, when I've seen analysis that it would have been a dramatic extension of it (eg., which is just one I can remember after reading a couple of similar pieces about a year ago). Cases like lopez (by what I've read, but I'm not a US law student) can be reconciled with prior commerce clause doctrine, but if Raich had gone the other way it would have been much harder. In the end, this is a 6-3 decision by a conservative Supreme court but this article makes it sound like it's a legal anomoly and barely explains the legal rationale. I would add to it if I could, but I'm only a distant observer on these issues. Psychobabble 03:29, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Is this better?
I tried adding information for the majority opinion. The paragraph on Wickard wasn't deleted but moved down and combined with another paragraph in the Result sub-section.Jimmuldrow 19:10, 9 September 2006 (UTC)
 * That's much better, thanks a lot for that. I've removed the tag. You can now come to this page and find out why the case was decided like it was, which was my main problem with it previously. I trimmed the discussion on lopez and morrison, based on the statement "Stevens' opinion for the Court for the Raich decision said that Lopez and Morrison don't apply". I didn't feel they warranted extended discussion if they were held to be irrelevant. If I'm wrong and they were relevant, could you please expand on why (perhaps something to do with Scalia's concurrence? It wasn't at all clear to me). Also, I don't know how US decisions are normally talked about, but if I understand this correctly, there was a majority judgement written by Stevens which 4 other judges signed on, a separate concurrence by scalia and dissents by o'connor, Rehnquist and Thomas. Is that correct? Because it isn't explicitely stated there, if so, and I think it should be, probably in the opening paragraph of result. Thanks again. Psychobabble 09:02, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

I'll let you make the judgment call on relevance, since I can be verbose. I mentioned Lopez and Morrison because Raich and Monson relied on them. Glad I could help.Jimmuldrow 13:18, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Also, the blue bar to the right lists the Case Opinions, which are basically what you said except I thought Rehnquist joined O'Connor's dissent instead of writing his own. You could add that up top if you wish.Jimmuldrow 13:28, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I didn't notice the blue bar and you're right, Rehnquist joined O'Connor. I might put something in the result, but it's reasonably clear I guess. Psychobabble 01:37, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Raich's later heatlh?
What happened to Raich afterwards, when she could no longer use medical marijuana, since he doctor stated her life was at state? Has her health been shown to take a downturn? Of course, perhaps she continued to self-medicate, unofficially. 75.36.95.27 11:33, 20 October 2006 (UTC)
 * She has stated that she will continue to use marijuana and continues her fight in the courts. Rmj12345 18:08, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Angel continues to use marijuana out of medical necessity. Her brain tumor was treated with radiation but she has now developed brain necrosis from the radiation and is now dying from that. Marcperkel (talk) 15:06, 25 March 2012 (UTC)

Angel Raich Link
The link to angel raich in the article just redirects to the article. i'm unlinking it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 123fakestreet (talk • contribs) 17:53, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

POV tag August 2010
The article needs quite a lot of revision to bring its tone in accordance with the other Supreme Court cases on less controversial subjects. The article is presented in a much different way from the format seen in American law schools, even among the more liberal presenters such as Constitutional law scholar Erwin Chemerinsky. The section on the legal background goes beyond the issue of the commerce clause to speak broadly about the role of the Federal government. "The switch in time to save nine" is not relevant to this case. Gonzales v. Raich is not a continuation of New Deal era government expansion. It should be read in light of Morrison and Lopez. Scalia's concurrence in Raich provides commentary on the commerce clause jurisprudence of the post-modern era. The Scalia concurrence is studied in law school to shed some light on how this opinion can be reconciled with Morrison and Lopez.

The article goes outside the Supreme Court decision to speak about the "medical necessity" of the plaintiff's use of marijuana even though it does not affect the commerce clause. There is no discussion in the case of how medical necessity could even be considered to abrogate congressional power. It reads like an argument for the medical use of marijuana. On what issues did the Supreme Court grant certiorari? Those are the issues in this case.

The section on the preliminary injunction is highly misleading as well. By definition, a preliminary injunction is only temporary in nature. The article places incredible importance on the preliminary injunction, even though it was initially denied in Raich v. Ashcroft, 248 F. Supp. 2d 918. Additionally, the 9th circuit is incapable of issuing a preliminary injunction. They are only capable of remanding to the district court to issue a prelminary injunction, although, in this instance, it is unclear whether the district court did just that when the Federal government moved for a rehearing and petitioned for writ of certiorari.

The organizations involved section (which should be more appropriately labeled "amicus section") has several inappropriate comments and opinions that are not relevant to the case. For instance, "The attorneys general of Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi, three strongly anti-drug states from the usually conservative South, filed a brief supporting Raich on the grounds of states' rights." To eliminate the slant from this sentence, it would be shortened to simply "The attorneys general of Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi filed an amicus brief supporting Raich on states' rights grounds." The labels of "conservative" and "anti-drug" are not meaningful and misleading. The values and politics that many throw onto this case do not impact the commerce clause. The Supreme Court did not accept the amicus brief of the states because they found the brief's source to be ironic.

The subsequent events section appeals to the pro-marijuana opinion. It continues the slant of the article of the politics of medical marijuana. The subsequent legal impact of the decision is relevant, but the political commentary is not. Holder did not issue his Justice Department statement in reference to Gonzales v. Raich. This belongs in a medical marijuana article not Gonzales v. Raich.

The article needs to tone down its pro-medical marijuana slant and present itself as an explination of a legal opinion. Value judgments concerning the underlying issue, the parties to the case, and the politics detract from the article. Gx872op (talk) 15:21, 31 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I am with Gx872 this article is terrible. Part of me just wants to leave it as an example of what not to do on WikipediaMantion (talk) 05:09, 3 May 2013 (UTC)

Decision
I've reread the Decision section a few times just to figure out if my brain isn't working this morning or if in fact, the actual ruling isn't listed. What the hell?

Also, what does "The last of the three was relevant to the issue at hand." even mean? Is it supposed to follow the sentence after it? It is an awkward and unclear statement even if that is the intended order. -Zyrxil (talk) 14:07, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

So, was it 6-3? Or what? 71.178.66.122 (talk) 05:33, 15 July 2011 (UTC)

Factual Background? Legal Background?
Why isn't there just a back ground provided? Why in the legal background do we have a rant about the new deal? I See hints at judicial activism but they seemed to come from the views of a wikipedia editor. Someone define neutral for me.24.115.19.178 (talk) 21:31, 7 January 2012 (UTC)

 * I think the whole (legal background) section should be removed, it is extremely biased and has no sources.Neosiber (talk) 16:12, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

A new low
This article is so bad I just couldn't finish reading it.

It is so lacking in details, it is so clearly one sided.

If this is what Wiki has become then lets just start a new website.

There has been a great deal of talk about changing this article, people saying they improved it, people saying we should improve it. Yet the article remains in a state. Can we not just copy the format of other supreme court cases?Mantion (talk) 05:06, 3 May 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Scalia's opinion
Isn't Scalia's expansive interpretation of "commerce" to include non-commercial activities a departure from his usual textualist, originalist approach? Congruent snackbar (talk) 04:16, 5 September 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Gonzales v. Raich


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 16

June 16

 * 2013 – Solar Impulse aircraft HB-SIA completes the fourth leg of its flight across the continental United States, completing the fourth leg's second segment, a 702-kilometer (436-mile) trip from Cincinnati Municipal Lunken Airport in Cincinnati, Ohio – from which it had departed on 15 June after an 11-hour stopover – to Washington Dulles International Airport in Virginia outside Washington, D.C. The flight takes 14 hours 4 minutes at an average speed of 50 km/h (31 mph) and reaches a maximum altitude of 3,048 meters (10,000 feet). During its stay, the aircraft is placed on temporary display at the National Air and Space Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center adjacent to the airport.

 * 2011 – The Russian Federation’s flag carrier Aeroflot puts its first Sukhoi Superjet 100 into service.

 * 2010 – Trans States Airlines Flight 8050, operated by Embraer ERJ-145 N847HK overran the runway at Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport and was substantially damaged when the nose gear collapsed.

 * 2009 – Two Spanish Air Force McDonnell-Douglas F/A-18 Hornets collide in midair near the Canary Islands, Spain. Both pilots eject safely.

 * 1984 – Frontier Airlines pilot Emily Warner and co-pilot Barbara Cook make history by directing the first all-female commercial airline crew, on a flight from Denver to Lexington, Kentucky.

 * 1963 – Vostok 6 launched. The pilot is Valentina Tereshkova, first woman cosmonaut.

 * 1963 – During the Paris Air Show, first prototype Hawker Siddeley P.1127, XP831, flown by A. W. "Bill" Bedford, is demonstrating low level hovering when a tiny fragment of debris fouls a nozzle actuating motor causing the aircraft to lose height rapidly and crash. Pilot unhurt and the airframe is repaired. Upon retirement, this historic airframe is preserved in the Sir Sydney Camm Memorial Hall at the RAF Museum, Hendon.

 * 1961 – Royal Canadian Navy pilot SubLt. I.K. Rassow is killed when he flies his McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee, BuNo 126434 of VF-870, into a rocky knoll during aerobatic practice near Indian Harbour, Nova Scotia.

 * 1959 – A US Navy Martin P4M Mercator is attacked by North Korean Air Force Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17s off the North Korean coast. The Mercator's crew returned the aircraft safely to Japan.

 * 1956 – A USAF MATS Douglas C-124A Globemaster II, 51-5183, inbound to Enewetak Atoll, Pacific Ocean, carrying nuclear test device components (possibly for the EGG device fired during the Operation Redwing Mohawk test) crashed 421 feet (128 m) short of, and eight feet below, the runway at Enewetak Island, shearing off its landing gear and coming to rest 2,000 feet (610 m) from the southeast end of the runway. Fire ensued, extinguished within three hours. No loss of life – most of the cargo, although damaged by water and foam, was recovered. The runway was cleared of wreckage and reopened to normal traffic before noon on 17 June:. Salvage of certain aircraft components was accomplished by a team from Hickam AFB, Hawaii.

 * 1955 – As part of an attempted coup against President Juan Perón, Argentine Naval Aviation and Argentine Air Force aircraft bomb and strafe the Casa Rosada in Buenos Aires and the adjacent Plaza de Mayo while a large crowd is gathered there to express support for Perón, killing 364 people and injuring over 800. The bombing of Plaza de Mayo is the largest aerial bombing ever to take place in mainland Argentina.

 * 1954 – First flight of the Lockheed XFV (first official flight)

 * 1952 – June 16-17 – Soviet Air Force MiG-15 s shoot down a Royal Swedish Air Force C-47 Dakota on an intelligence gathering mission over the Baltic Sea, and the PBY Catalina that is sent to search for survivors.

 * 1950 – AThe McDonnell XF-88A Voodoo, 46-526, piloted by Gen. Frank K. Everest, is damaged in a belly landing after engine failure at Edwards AFB, California, this date. The XF-88A will eventually be sent to the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory to serve as a spares source in 1955 in support of flight testing of the XF-88B, 46-525, through 1956, after which both airframes are scrapped.

 * 1949 – Air France commences hourly flights from Paris to London

 * 1945 – The RCAF accepts its first Victory Aircraft built Lancaster X (FM101).

 * 1944 – 54 carrier aircraft of Task Groups 58.1 and 58.4 strike Iwo Jima, claiming 63 Japanese aircraft destroyed on the ground for the loss of one U. S. aircraft. Aircraft of other Task Force 58 task groups strike Japanese airfields on Guam and Tinian in an effort to neutralize them, but are unsuccessful in the face of strong antiaircraft defenses.

 * 1944 – The incomplete Italian aircraft carrier Aquila is damaged in an Allied air raid on Genoa.

 * 1943 – A Boeing B-17E-BO, converted to Boeing XB-38-VE, 41-2401, with Allison V-1710 liquid-cooled engines. Wrecked near Tipton, California, on its ninth test flight when the number three (starboard inner) engine caught fire. Attempts to extinguish it were unsuccessful, and as the fire spread to the wing, the pilots bailed out after pointing the aircraft to an uninhabited area. Lockheed test pilot George MacDonald was killed when his parachute did not deploy, and Lockheed test pilot Bud Martin was seriously injured when his parachute did not deploy properly.

 * 1943 – A raid by 94 Japanese aircraft – 24 Aichi D3 A (Allied reporting name “Val”) dive bombers and 70 Zero fighters – Attack U. S. shipping in Ironbottom Sound off Guadalcanal. They damage a cargo ship and a tank landing ship and shoot down six U. S. fighters, but almost all the Japanese aircraft are lost.

 * 1941 – USAAF Douglas O-38F, 33-324, c/n 1177, first aircraft to land at Ladd Field, Alaska, in October 1940, this aircraft flew various missions until it crashed on 16 June 1941, at 1450 hrs., due to engine failure about 70 miles (110 km) SE of Fairbanks. Uninjured, the pilot, Lt. Milton H. Ashkins, and his mechanic, Sgt. Raymond A. Roberts, hiked to safety after supplies were dropped to them. The abandoned aircraft remained in the Alaskan wilderness until the National Museum of the United States Air Force arranged for its recovery by a CH-47 Chinook helicopter from Fort Greeley on 10 June 1968. Despite being exposed to the Alaskan weather for 27 years, the aircraft remained in remarkable condition. Only the wings required extensive restoration.

 * 1941 – The Royal Canadian Air Force Squadron No. 411(F) formed in England with Spitfire Mk 1 A aircraft.

 * 1941 – National Airport (today Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport) opens on land along the western shore of the Potomac River that technically belongs to Washington, D. C. In 1945, the United States Congress will redefine the land the airport occupies as being in Arlington, Virginia, to end confusion and disputes over local jurisdiction.

 * 1939 – Air France commences hourly flights from Paris to London

 * 1936 – The United States Coast Guard Cutter George W. Campbell (WPG-32) is the first Treasury-class cutter commissioned. The Treasury-class cutters are the first United States Coast Guard ships capable of carrying an airplane (a Grumman J2 F Duck, Curtiss SOC-4, or Waco J2 W-1 seaplane).

 * 1936 – The Havørn Accident (Norwegian: Havøyn-ulykken) was a controlled flight into terrain of a Junkers Ju 52 aircraft into the mountain Lihesten in Hyllestad, Norway on 16 June 1936 at 07:00. The aircraft, operated by Norwegian Air Lines, was en route from Bergen to Tromsø. The pilots were unaware that they were flying a parallel to the planned course, 15 to 20 km (9.3 to 12 mi) further east. The crew of four and three passengers were all killed in what was the first fatal aviation accident in Norway. The aircraft landed on a shelf on the mountain face. A first expedition found four bodies, but attempts to reach the shelf with the main part of the aircraft and three more bodies failed. A second party was sent out two days later, coordinated by Bernt Balchen and led by Boye Schlytter and Henning Tønsberg, saw the successful salvage of the remaining bodies.

 * 1932 – The Lockheed Aircraft Corp. finally closes down eight months after the receivers were called in to its parent company, Detroit Aircraft Corp. On June 21, investment broker Robert Ellsworth Gross leads a consortium that buys the assets and opens a new company under the same name.

 * 1926 – Entered Service: Armstrong Whitworth Argosy with Imperial Airways

 * 1924 – First flight of the Blériot-SPAD S.51

 * 1922 – 1922 – Henry Berliner demonstrates a primitive helicopter to the US Navy.

 * 1921 – First flight of the Blériot-SPAD S.46

 * 1917 – Imperial German Navy Zeppelin L 40, LZ88, damaged beyond repair in a failed landing at Nordholz.

 * 1909 – A two-day celebration in Dayton, Ohio marks the homecoming of the Wrights.

 * 1909 – First US airplane sold commercially, by Glenn Curtiss for $5,000.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 16


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 17

June 17

 * 2009 – A Russian Air Force Sukhoi Su-24MR Fencer crashes on landing at the Monchegorsk Airforce Base, Murmansk Oblast, Russia. The aircraft from the 98th Separate Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment suffered a heavy landing forcing the 2 crew to eject safely.

 * 2002 – C-130 Hercules airtanker crashes: Two large airtankers – A C-130 Hercules and a PB4Y-2 Privateer – crashed about a month apart while performing aerial firefighting operations.

 * 2000 – CityFlyer Express Flight 8106 was a BAe 146 aircraft hijacked on a flight from Zürich Airport to London Gatwick Airport. After the aircraft landed at Gatwick, the hijacker was arrested without any injuries to the occupants.

 * 1998 – Kamov Ka-50, Hokum, crash at Army Aviation Combat Training Centre, Torzhok, kills Gen. Boris Vorobyov.

 * 1991 – Alaska Airlines commences services to the Soviet Union

 * 1989 – Stanley David Griggs, Astronaut (STS 51-D), dies plane crash at 59.

 * 1986 – Last flight ever by a Boeing B-47 Stratojet when B-47E-25-DT, 52-0166, was restored to flight status for a one-time-only ferry move from Naval Weapons Center China Lake, California to Castle Air Force Base, California for museum display.

 * 1986 – Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker, 63-7983, c/n 18600, 305th Air Refuelling Wing, Det. 1, TDY, hits the runway at Howard AB, Panama, becomes airborne again and then crashes into a hill in the jungle.

 * 1985 – Launch: Space Shuttle Discovery STS-51-G at 11:33:00 UTC. Mission highlights: Multiple comsat deployments. Flight of first member of royalty, Saudi, Muslim, and Arab in space, Sultan Salman Al Saud.

 * 1983 – First flight of the Robin ATL

 * 1981 – Two Indonesian Air Force BAe Hawk T.53s collide over Indonesia.

 * 1979 – Air New England Flight 248, a De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, crashes near Camp Greenough, Massachusetts while on approach to Barnstable Municipal Airport, killing the pilot.

 * 1970 – Lockheed SR-71A, 61-7970, Item 2021, collides with KC-135Q tanker 20 miles E of El Paso, Texas. Pilot Buddy Brown and RSO Mort Jarvis eject safely. Tanker limps back to Beale Air Force Base, California.

 * 1969 – Black Panther Party member William Lee Brent hijacks Trans World Airlines Flight 154 and forces it to take him to Havana, Cuba. He will reside in Cuba until his death in 2006.

 * 1967 – The Vietnam War‘s heaviest air attacks in nine months are American strikes targeting railroads near Hanoi.

 * 1965 – US Navy fighters from VF-21 shoot down two North Vietnamese Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17s

 * 1961 – First flight of the HAL HF-24 Marut

 * 1959 – First flight of the Dassault Mirage IV. The first European supersonic jet bomber, is made in France. This high-performance combat aircraft flies at Mach 2 (twice the speed of sound).

 * 1955 – First flight of the Tupolev Tu-104

 * 1955 – First flight of the Bensen B-7

 * 1953 – An McDonnell F2H-3 Banshee of VC-4 Det. 6 (?), landing aboard the USS Coral Sea, CVA-43, during Mediterranean cruise, misses all arresting wires, then bounces completely over the nylon Davis safety barrier. Aircraft shears port undercarriage leg off on a starter tractor and then crashes into a pair of Douglas AD Skyraiders spotted on the forward flight deck before continuing over the bow. Pilot Lt. (jg) Robert E. Berger, of Denver, Colorado, killed in the accident, posthumously receives the Navy and Marine Corps Medal which is presented to his widow in a ceremony at the Naval training center of the Denver Federal Center.

 * 1952 – Entered Service: Airship ZPN-1 with the US Navy

 * 1948 – United Airlines Flight 624, a Douglas DC-6, crashes near Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania after errors in attempting to extinguish what was believed to have been an onboard fire; all 43 on board die.

 * 1947 – Pan Am begins a New York to San Francisco service flying west-to-east around almost the entire globe.

 * 1947 – First round-the-world civil air service leaves New York City.

 * 1945 – 457 B-29 Superfortresses drop 3,195 tons (2,898,485 kg) of bombs on Ōmuta and other cities in Japan.

 * 1944 – Japanese aircraft attack American warships off Saipan, damaging the escort aircraft carrier USS Fanshaw Bay (CVE-70).

 * 1944 – 35 carrier aircraft of Task Group 58.4 strike the Japanese airfield on Pagan Island, finding no aircraft but damaging several buildings.

 * 1942 – U. S. Army Air Forces conduct a test at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio, successfully picking up gliders from the ground by an airplane flying at more than 100 mph.

 * 1941 – The RCAF formed the 409 (Night Fighter) Squadron with Defiant NFI aircraft.

 * 1941 – The Royal Navy commissions its first escort aircraft carrier, HMS Empire Audacity. She later will be renamed HMS Audacity and become the world’s first escort carrier to deploy in combat.

 * 1940 – A detachment of five Douglas B-18 Digby’s from No. 10 (BR) Squadron at Dartmouth, commenced operation from Gander Airport. This was the first RCAF Operation in Newfoundland.

 * 1940 – German aircraft bomb the British ocean liner RMS Lancastria in Quiberon Bay after she has taken aboard 5,800 Allied troops for evacuation from France to the United Kingdom. She catches fire and sinks in 15 min, with the loss of 3,000 lives.

 * 1929 – An Imperial Airways Handley Page W.10 ditches in the English Channel due to engine failure, killing 7 of 13 on board.

 * 1928 – Amelia Earhart becomes first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean. During this flight, she accompanied pilot Wilmer Stultz and copilot/mechanic Louis Gordon, nominally as a passenger, but with the added duty of keeping the flight log.

 * 1917 – In daylight, 21 German Gotha bombers make Germany‘s second heavier-than-air bombing attack on England. Seven bombers attack small towns in Kent and Essex and 14 attack London. The bombers kill 162 people and injure 432.

 * 1916 – Royal Aircraft Factory R. E.8.

 * 1916 – The first French ace, Jean Navarre, is shot down and wounded, ending his combat career with 12 confirmed kills.

 * 1910 – Romanian engineer and inventor Aurel Vlaicu flies his first airplane, Vlaicu I

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 17


text:
Miracle berry

Miracle berry may refer to:

 * Synsepalum dulcificum, source of berries that increases the perceived sweetness of foods
 * Thaumatococcus daniellii, source of a spice that has an intensely sweet flavor

title: Miracle berry


text: User:Mirandom

title: User:Mirandom


text:
Haubas

A god worshiped in pre-Islamic southern Arabia, particularly Sheba. Haubas's advice was often sought via consultation with oracles.

title: Haubas


text:
User:DracoRoboter

I'm also in http://it.wikipedia.org

title: User:DracoRoboter


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 18

June 18

 * 2021 - First flight of the Boeing 737 MAX 10

 * 2013 – A tornado passes between Runways 34R and 34L at Denver International Airport in Denver, Colorado, passing 5,000 feet (1,524 meters) east of the airport's A gates, causing thousands of people to take cover in stairwells, restrooms, and other safe areas. The anemometer at the airport's weather station records a peak wind gust of 97 mph (156 km/h) before breaking. Nine flights are diverted to other airports during the 40-minute tornado warning.

 * 2009 – An Indian Air Force Mikoyan MiG-21 Bison from the Chabua Air Force Station, Assam, India crashes due to a technical fault while on a routine training flight, the pilot successfully ejecting from the aircraft.

 * 2004 – Airblue flies its first flight, a private airline in Pakistan

 * 1986 – Grand Canyon Airlines Flight 6, a De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, collides with a Bell 206 helicopter over the Tonto Plateau, killing all 25 on board both aircraft.

 * 1983 – Launch: Space shuttle Challenger STS-7 at 11:33:00 UTC. Mission highlights: First US woman in space Sally Ride; Multiple comsat deployments; First deployment and retrieval of a satellite SPAS.

 * 1981 – First flight of the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk

 * 1972 – British European Airways Flight 548, a Hawker Siddeley Trident, undergoes a series of stalls as a result of pilot error, followed by a deep stall, crashing near Staines, United Kingdom; all 118 on board are killed.

 * 1972 – General Dynamics F-111A, 67-0082, c/n A1-127, crashes near Eglin AFB, Florida, shortly after takeoff. Lost control after an external fuel fire and explosion. Unsuccessful ejection, crew killed.

 * 1971 – Southwest Airlines is founded

 * 1965 – The first B-52 Stratofortress missions are flown against North Vietnam

 * 1965 – Lockheed NF-104A Starfighter, 56-0756, c/n 183-1044, assigned to Air Force Systems Command Test Pilot School, Edwards AFB, California, suffers rocket oxidizer explosion this date, blowing off portion of the tail, pilot landed safely. Repaired and flown again.

 * 1965 – On the very first Operation Arc Light mission flown by Boeing B-52 Stratofortress aircraft of SAC to hit a target in South Vietnam, a total of 30 B-52Fs depart Andersen AFB, Guam just after midnight, flying in ten cells of three aircraft, to hit a suspected Viet Cong stronghold in the Bến Cát District, 40 miles N of Saigon. Unexpected tailwinds from a typhoon cause the bombers to arrive seven minutes early at their refuelling point with KC-135 tankers over the South China Sea at a point between South Vietnam and the island of Luzon. The three planes of Green Cell, in the lead, begin a 360 degree turn to make their rendezvous, and in doing so cross the path of Blue Cell and directly towards oncoming Yellow Cell. In the darkness, Boeing B-52F-105-BO Stratofortress, 57-0047, and Boeing B-52F-70-BW Stratofortress, 57-0179, both of the 441st Bomb Squadron, 7th Bomb Wing, attached to the 3960th Strategic Wing, collide, killing eight crew, with four survivors, plus one body recovered. The four are located and picked up by an HU-16A-GR Albatross amphibian, 51-5287 (?), but it is damaged on take-off by a heavy sea state and those on board have to transfer to a Norwegian freighter and a Navy vessel, the Albatross sinking thereafter. Another B-52 loses a hydraulic pump and radar, cannot rendezvous with the tankers and aborts to Okinawa. Twenty-seven Stratofortresses drop on a one-mile by two-mile target box from between 19,000 and 22,000 feet, a little more than 50 percent of the bombs falling within the target zone. The force returns to Andersen except for one bomber with electrical problems that recovers to Clark AFB, the mission having lasted 13 hours. Post-strike assessment by teams of South Vietnamese troops with American advisors find evidence that the VC had departed the area before the raid, and it is suspected that infiltration of the south's forces have tipped off the north because of the ARVN troops involved in the post-strike inspection.

 * 1962 – To reduce the chances of Viet Cong forces slipping away from large South Vietnamese ground units by fleeing operations areas in small groups, U. S. Marine Corps helicopters operating in South Vietnam begin to use the “Eagle Flight” tactic, in which Marine transport helicopters circle contested areas and drop off South Vietnamese troops when and where they are needed to block escaping Viet Cong forces. It will become a proven tactic by the middle of July.

 * 1953 – A United States Air Force Douglas C-124A Globemaster II, 51-0137, c/n 43471, crashes at Kodaira, Japan after engine failure on take-off at Tachikawa Air Force Base, Tokyo, Japan. 129 die, making this the deadliest recorded disaster in aviation history at the time.

 * 1951 – An infamous day in the history of RAF Biggin Hill when three Gloster Meteors and their pilots are killed in accidents, all three crashing in an area of about 100 yards. The first, a Mk.8 piloted by Flight Lieutenant Gordon McDonald of 41 Squadron, crashed shortly after take off, corkscrewing as pieces of structure fell from the aircraft. The aircraft hit a bungalow killing the pilot. The jet wash of his flight leader was named as a possible cause. Within seconds of this accident two Mk.4 Meteors of 600 Sqn, piloted by Sergeant Kenneth Clarkson and Squadron Leader Phillip Sandeman, both circling over the wreckage and preparing to land, collided at 2,000 feet (610 m) above the scene. Although Sandeman managed to bail out he was killed when his parachute failed to open. Clarkson was killed in his aircraft. A week after this incident, another Meteor overshot the runway, narrowly missing passing cars. After these incidents, several residents stated they would be "selling up" and there were calls for traffic lights to be sited on the Bromley road for use during take-offs and landings. Princess Elizabeth, soon to be Queen Elizabeth II, was visiting the base on this day.

 * 1940 – The last deployed element of the RAF’s Advanced Air Striking Force – some Hurricane fighters – withdraws from France and the Channel Islands to the United Kingdom.

 * 1939 – The first direct transatlantic seaplane service is begun by Pan American Airways. It flies from New York to Southampton, England, by way of Botwood, Newfoundland, and Foynes, Ireland.

 * 1937 – First flight of the de Havilland Don

 * 1937 – June 18-20, Valery Chkalov, G. F. Baidukov, A. V. Belyakov flew from Moscow to Vancouver, Washington, USA via the North Pole.

 * 1935 – The Seversky SEV-2XP is heavily damaged (perhaps intentionally) while en route to Wright Field, Ohio, for the 1935 U.S. Army Air Corps competition for a new single-seat fighter. The two-seat design is reworked into a single-seater with retractable undercarriage when the Air Corps delays the competition until April 1936.

 * 1932 – First flight of the Dewoitine D.500

 * 1928 – A Latham 47 flying boat carrying Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen and five others on a flight to search for survivors of the Italian airship Italia disappears. Their bodies are never found.

 * 1926 – First flight of the Blackburn Iris

 * 1922 – The first soaring flight of one hour in slope lift (using hill currents) is made by Arthur Martens in a Vampyr sailplane designed by Wolfgang Klemmperer at the Wasserkuppe, Rhön, Germany.

 * 1920 – The first aircraft were taken on strength by the Canadian Air Force. They were four Avro 504 ks, registered G-CYAA to G-CYAD.

 * 1916 – First German ace Max Immelmann (17 victories) is killed at ~2215 hrs. when his Fokker E.III monoplane, 246-16, crashes after breaking up in the air when the interrupter gear malfunctions and he shoots away his own propeller. He had been engaging an F.E.2b piloted by 2nd Lt. G. R. Gubbin with Cpl. J. H. Waller as gunner. Gubbin and Waller were credited with the victory, but another theory posits that Immelmann may have taken hits from friendly AAA, as the propeller failure would not necessarily have caused the complete airframe disintegration that occurred.

 * 1877 – Samuel Archer King makes a two-hour airmail flight of 26 miles between Nashville and Gallatin, Tennessee, in the balloon Buffalo.

 * 1861 – Thaddeus S. C. Lowe transmits the first telegraphic message ever sent from a balloon during a test at the Columbia Armory, Washington, D. C.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 18


text:
Harold Darke

Harold Edwin Darke (29 October 1888 – 28 November 1976) was an English composer and organist. He is particularly known for his choral compositions, which are an established part of the repertoire of Anglican church music. Darke had a fifty-year association with the church of St Michael, Cornhill, in the City of London.

Life before Cornhill
Darke was born in Highbury, north London, the youngest son of Samuel Darke and Arundel Bourne. He attended Dame Alice Owen's School in Islington. In 1903 he gained a scholarship to the Royal College of Music where his teachers were Frank Bridge, Walter Parratt, Charles Villiers Stanford, Charles Wood, and Herbert Sharpe.

His first organist post came in 1904 at the Stoke Newington Presbyterian Church. From 1906–11 he was the organist at Emmanuel Church, West Hampstead. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Organists (FRCO) in 1907. Between 1911 and 1916 he was the organist at St James's Church, Paddington.

He served in the Royal Air Force during World War I.

Life at Cornhill
He became organist at St Michael Cornhill in 1916, and in 1917 was awarded a Mus.Doc. degree from Oxford University. He married Dora Garland, at St Michaels Church, Cornhill, on 25 July 1918. Dora was a violinist and was the first woman to lead the Queen's Hall Orchestra. He remained at St Michael Cornhill until 1966, except for a brief war-time interregnum in 1941 to deputise for Boris Ord as Director of Music at King's College, Cambridge.

It is widely accepted that the Cornhill Lunchtime Organ Recitals series begun by Darke in 1916 is the longest-running lunchtime organ concert series in the world. His midday recitals each Monday, playing Bach in the legato style of Schweitzer, made him a City institution. The series has flourished under his successors Richard Popplewell 1966–1979 and the present organist, Jonathan Rennert, from 1979. Darke also served as professor for organ at the Royal College of Music from 1919 to 1969.

Darke's work as Conductor of St Michael's Singers was crowned in 1956 (on the occasion of the Choir's 40th Anniversary) with first performances of a number of now well-established works composed especially for the occasion – notably An English Mass by Herbert Howells, Hierusalem by George Dyson, and A Vision of Aeroplanes by Ralph Vaughan Williams.

Life after Cornhill
Darke continued to be active in his later years. He recorded Elgar’s Organ Sonata in his early 70s and gave recitals at the Royal Festival Hall to mark his 75th, 80th and 85th birthdays. He died in Cambridge, UK, aged 88 on 28 November 1976.

Compositions
His famous 1909 setting of Christina Rossetti's "In the Bleak Midwinter" is often sung at the service of Nine Lessons and Carols at King's College, Cambridge, and at similar services around the world.

In a poll of choral experts and choirmasters that was published in BBC Music Magazine on 7 December 2008, "In the Bleak Midwinter" was voted the greatest Christmas carol of all time. Comparing Darke's setting to another popular setting by Gustav Holst, Deputy Editor Jeremy Pound expressed the view that "While Gustav Holst's charming setting of 1909 is rightly loved by millions worldwide, it is the less well known but infinitely more stylish setting by Harold Darke from two years later that convincingly won the day in our poll." Together with ‘Cradle Hymn’ and ´A Christmas Carmen’, it is dedicated to Margaret Agnes Calkin.

Most of Darke's other compositions that are still performed are settings of the Anglican liturgy, especially his three Communion Services in E minor, F, and A minor; and his Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis in F. The short cantata As the Leaves Fall, (1917), setting words by the soldier poet Joseph Courtney (1891-1973), has been recorded by the Guildford Cathedral Choir, along with a later cantata, The Kingdom of God (1921), setting Francis Thompson.

 * Organ
 * Suite in D minor: Prelude, Pastorale, Toccata
 * Prelude and Fugue on "Heinlein"
 * Rhapsody in E, Op. 4
 * Prelude on "Windsor"
 * Prelude in Memory of Parry
 * Three Hymn Preludes, Op. 20: St. Peter, Darwall's 148th, On a Theme of Tallis
 * Fantasy in E, Op. 39
 * Meditation on Brother James' Air
 * Retrospection
 * Bridal Procession

 * Choir
 * As the Leaves Fall, Op. 26 (1917), soprano solo, SATB choir and orchestra
 * A Christmas Carmen (1916) SATB
 * In the Bleak Midwinter
 * Communion Service in E minor
 * Communion Service in F
 * Communion Service in A minor
 * Cradle Hymn Solo/unison
 * Evening Service in F
 * Evening Service in A minor
 * Harvest Cantata "The Sower" for Solo Quartet, Choir and Organ. Published (1929) by OUP
 * Jubilate for chorus & organ in F major
 * Love came down at Christmas SATB
 * The Kingdom of God, Op. 31 (1921), soprano solo, SATB choir and orchestra
 * O Brother Man
 * O gladsome light, Op. 38 No 2 (1929)
 * Psalm 10
 * Te Deum for chorus & organ in F major

title: Harold Darke


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 19

June 19

 * 2011 – A NATO airstrike accidentally hits a civilian neighborhood in Tripoli, Libya. The Libyan government claims that at least five people died in the attack.

 * 2010 – Aero Service CASA C-212 Aviocar TN-AFD crashed in the Republic of the Congo killing all eleven people on board, including Australian mining magnate Ken Talbot

 * 2010 – 2010 Air Service Berlin Douglas C-47 crash was a Berlin Air Services Douglas DC-3 D-CXXX that crashed shortly after take-off from Berlin Schönefeld Airport on a local sightseeing flight. Eight people were injured and the aircraft was substantially damaged.

 * 2009 – A Russian Air Force Sukhoi Su-24MR Fencer crashes near the village of Kostino-Bystrianská, Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast, Russia. The aircraft from the 1st Composite Air Division, North Caucasus Military District suffered a mechanical fault forcing the 2 crew to eject safely after several aborted landings. The Russian Airforce fleet of Sukhoi Su-24 was grounded for technical inspection after 2 accidents in a week.

 * 2003 – AH-64A Apache 87-0498 of R Troop, 4th Squadron, 3d ACR makes hard landing following inflight fire. Helicopter is written off.

 * 2002 – (June 19 and July 3) First solo non-stop balloon flight around the Earth: Steve Fossett—from Northam, Western Australia to Queensland, Australia, on a 10-story high balloon Spirit of Freedom. Taking a total time of 13 days, 8 hours, 33 min.

 * 1994 – Royal Air Force BAe 146 CC.2 ZE700, operated by No. 32 Squadron RAF and flown by HRH The Prince of Wales overran the runway at Islay Airport, Argyll and Bute. The aircraft had been landed downwind. There were no injuries amongst the eleven people on board although the aircraft suffered substantial damage when the nose gear collapsed. The aircraft was subsequently repaired and returned to service.

 * 1992 – A U.S. Navy Sikorsky H-53 crashes into a river near Virginia Beach, Virginia, this date, apparently killing all seven aboard, authorities said. The helicopter crashed during a training flight, said Cmdr. Stephen Honda, a spokesman for the Navy's Atlantic Fleet air force. Meanwhile, two Army fliers were killed Friday when their Bell AH-1 Cobra helicopter crashed during a training exercise near Fort Irwin, California, an Army spokesman said.

 * 1981 – Boeing commercial Chinook 2-rotor helicopter is certified.

 * 1980 – Sikorsky delivers its last of the S-61 commercial helicopeters.

 * 1976 – Maj Rudy Willhauk, 414 Squadron North Bay, reached 3000 hrs on a CF-100 Canuck aircraft.

 * 1962 – Four West German Luftwaffe F-104 Starfighters collide and crash, killing all four pilots.

 * 1962 – Starfish, the second planned test of Operation Fishbowl, under Operation Dominic, occurs with the launch of an SM-75 Thor IRBM missile with a nuclear warhead just before midnight from Johnston Island in the Pacific Ocean. The vehicle flies a normal trajectory for 59 seconds; then the rocket engine suddenly stops, and the missile begins to break apart. The range safety officer orders the destruction of the missile and the warhead. The missile was between 30,000 and 35,000 feet (between 9.1 and 10.7 km) in altitude when it was destroyed. Some of the missile parts fall on Johnston Island, and a large amount of missile debris falls into the ocean in the vicinity of the island. Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal and Underwater Demolition Team swimmers recover approximately 250 pieces of the missile assembly during the next two weeks. Some of the debris is contaminated with plutonium. Nonessential personnel had been evacuated from Johnston Island during the test. Although, by definition, this qualifies as a Broken Arrow incident, this test is rarely included in lists of such mishaps.

 * 1962 – Two Republic F-105 Thunderchiefs out of Nellis AFB, Nevada, are lost in separate accidents near Indian Springs, Nevada, this date. F-105D-5-RE, 59-1740, is lost near Indian Springs due to control failure, pilot successfully ejecting. F-105D-6-RE, 60-0410, written off at Indian Springs due to engine fire, pilot ejected successfully. Following this pair of major accidents, all F-105B and D aircraft are grounded for correction of chafing and flight control deficiencies. The project, called Look Alike and started in July 1962, is expected to be completed quickly but due to continued operational problems will grow to an extensive two-year modification program costing U.S.$51 million.

 * 1954 – The Swissair Convair CV-240 Ticino runs out of fuel and ditches in the English Channel off Folkestone, Kent, England. Three of the nine people on board die in the accident, and all six survivors are injured.

 * 1952 – First flight of the Yakovlev Yak-25

 * 1950 – First flight of the Hawker P.1081

 * 1947 – Col Albert Boyd sets a new official world airspeed record of 623.62 mph (1,003 km/h) in a Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star. (This is still marginally slower than unofficial German speed records in rocket-powered aircraft during World War II).

 * 1945 – 481 B-29 s drop 3,335 tons (3,025,492 kg) of bombs on Toyohashi and other cities in Japan.

 * 1945 – B-24 Liberators of the U. S. Army Air Forces’ 404th Bombardment Squadron make the longest bombing mission flown in the North Pacific Area during World War II, flying a 2,700-mile (4,348-km) round trip from Shemya to attack the Japanese base at Kruppu in the Kurile Islands. The B-24 s are in the air for 15½ hours.

 * 1944 – (19–23) Kwajalein-based U. S. Army Air Forces B-24 Liberators fly daily high-altitude bombing raids against Truk Atoll.

 * 1944 – The largest aircraft carrier battle in history and the first since October 1942, the Battle of the Philippine Sea, begins in the Philippine Sea west of Guam, pitting 15 American aircraft carriers of Task Force 58 with 891 aircraft and 65 battleship- and cruiser-based floatplanes against nine Japanese carriers with 430 aircraft and 43 battleship- and cruiser-based floatplanes, supported by Japanese land-based aircraft in the Mariana Islands and at more distant bases. During ineffective Japanese air strikes against the American carrier force during the day, in U. S. air attacks on Japanese bases in the Marianas, and in losses due to other causes, the Japanese lose about 315 aircraft in what American pilots name the “Great Marianas Turkey Shoot; ” Japanese carrier aviation never recovers from the disaster. The Americans lose only 29 aircraft. Also during the day, the U. S. submarine USS Albacore (SS-218) sinks the Japanese aircraft carrier Taiyō, and the submarine USS Cavalla (SS-244) sinks the carrier Sho-kaku.

 * 1940 – British Fleet Air Arm Swordfish aircraft of No. 767 Squadron operating from a base in southern France raid Genoa, Italy, and Italian lines of communication. It is the first air raid on Italian soil of World War II.

 * 1937 – First flight of the Airspeed Oxford

 * 1935 – First flight of the Vickers Wellesley

 * 1930 – The all-metal Polish fighter, the PZL P-1, is the star of the International competition for fighter airplanes in Bucharest, Romania, winning 8 of the 15 prizes. This is a triumph for the brilliant designer Zygmund Pulawski, whose aircraft consistently out-performed those of his rivals.

 * 1920 – U.S. Navy D class blimp, A4450, is destroyed by fire at the Goodyear Wingfoot Lake Airship Base, Suffield Township, Portage County, Ohio.

 * 1918 – Lt. Frank Stuart Patterson, son and nephew of the co-founders of National Cash Register, is killed in the crash of his DH.4M, AS-32098, at Wilbur Wright Field during a flight test of a new mechanism for synchronizing machine gun and propeller, when a tie rod breaks during a dive from 15000 ft, causing the wings to separate from the aircraft. Wishing to recognize the contributions of the Patterson family (owners of NCR) the area of Wright Field east of Huffman Dam (including Wilbur Wright Field, Fairfield Air Depot, and the Huffman Prairie) is renamed Patterson Field on 6 July 1931, in honor of Lt. Patterson.

 * 1918 – Major W. A. Bishop, O/C 85 Squadron, was credited with five enemy aircraft destroyed on this date.

 * 1918 – Italy's highest-scoring ace, Maggiore Francesco Baracca is killed by Austrian ground fire. He had claimed 34 victories.

 * 1912 – Capt. Marcel Dubois and Lt. Albert Peignan of the French Army were killed near Douai when their planes collided in mid-air, the first fatal mid-air collision in history.

 * 1912 – The RFC's Central Flying School opened at Upavon, Wiltshire.

 * 1910 – First airship in service “Germany”.

 * 1901 – American experimenter Samuel P. Langley tests a quarter-scale model of his Aerodrome, a gasoline-driven flying machine. It makes four disappointingly short flights.

 * 1894 – Frederick W. Lanchester, British aeronautical and automobile pioneer, announces his theory of circulatory air-flow to the Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society in England. This theory is later to become of pivotal importance in aerodynamics.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 19


text:
Talk:Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet

Untitled
Rt Rev Sir George Le Flemming was a member of an old Westmorland family from in Rydal Hall.

Rydal Hall is now a Diocesan Centre used by the diocese of Carlisle

title: Talk:Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 20

June 20

 * 2012 – A Sudanese Air Force PT-6A crashed at Port Sudan city airport, two crew killed.

 * 2011 – On final approach to Petrozavodsk Airport near Petrozavodsk, Russia, after a flight from Moscow's Domodedovo International Airport, RusAir Flight 243, the Tupolev Tu-134A-3 RA-65691, lands short of the runway due to poor visibility and weather, killing 47 passengers and crew members and leaving all five survivors injured. The aircraft is written off.

 * 2010 – The 2010 Cameroon Aéro Service CASA C-212 Aviocar crash near Djoum, Cameroon, kills all 11 on board, including the entire board of Sundance Resources, an Australian mining conglomerate.

 * 2009 – Deceased: American aviator Kenneth L. Reusser, 89.

 * 2004 – Frontier Airlines begins service to Nashville, Tennessee.

 * 1996 – Launch: Space Shuttle Columbia STS-78 at 10:49:00.0075 a.m. EDT. Mission highlights: Spacelab mission.

 * 1983 – First flight of the Bombardier Dash 8

 * 1980 – Test pilot and barnstormer Herman "Fish" Salmon dies in the crash of a Lockheed Constellation he is ferrying to Alaska.

 * 1979 – Nikola Kavaja, a Serbian nationalist and anti-communist, hijacks American Airlines Flight 293, a Boeing 727, shortly before it lands in Chicago, Illinois, intending to gain control of an aircraft that he can crash into Yugoslav Communist Party headquarters in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He allows the passengers and most of the crew to debark, then orders the crew to fly the 727 to LaGuardia Airport in New York City. There he demands and receives a Boeing 707, which he orders to be flown to Shannon, Ireland, where he intends to take control of the 707 for the suicide flight to Belgrade, but the hijacking ends when he surrenders to authorities in Shannon.

 * 1973 – Aeroméxico Flight 229, a Douglas DC-9, crashes into the side of Las Minas Mountain while on approach to Lic. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport; all 27 on board die.

 * 1972 – Airline pilots hold a worldwide strike, calling for tighter security

 * 1966 – Sheila Scott completes a solo round-the-world flight

 * 1964 – Civil Air Transport Flight B-908, a Curtiss C-46, crashes near Shenkang, Taiwan, killing all 57 on board.

 * 1958 – First flight of the Westland Wessex

 * 1956 – Linea Aeropostal Flight 253, a Lockheed L-749 Constellation, crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off Asbury Park, New Jersey. All 74 passengers and crew on board are killed.

 * 1956 – The US Navy commissions its first helicopter carrier, USS Thetis Bay

 * 1955 – Exercise Carte Blanche. It was the largest NATO air defence exercise, involving all 12 RCAF Air Division squadrons. Some 300 aircraft took part, nearly 2500 RCAF sorties.

 * 1951 – First flight of the Bell X-5, first aircraft with swing wings flies for 30 min at Edwards, California.

 * 1951 – The first aircraft completely designed and built in Canada, the first example of the Orenda-powered Avro Canada CF-100 Mk 2 Canuck, flies for the first time at Malton, Ontario.

 * 1950 First flight of the Blackburn Beverley

 * 1944 – TWA Flight 277, a Douglas C-54 Skymaster, crashes into Fort Mountain, Maine, in severe weather, killing all 7 passengers and crew on board.

 * 1944 – On the second and final day of the Battle of the Philippine Sea, 216 Task Force 58 aircraft make the only raid of the battle against the Japanese fleet at extremely long range at sunset, sinking the aircraft carrier Hiyo and damaging the aircraft carriers Zuikaku and Chiyoda, battleship Haruna, and heavy cruiser Maya. In addition to 20 aircraft missing and presumed shot down, Task Force 58 loses 80 planes, which ditch due to fuel exhaustion or crash while attempting night landings on U. S. carriers. During the day, the Japanese lose another 65 carrier aircraft, leaving them with only 35; during the two days of battle, they have lost 476 carrier- and land-based aircraft and battleship- and cruiser-based floatplanes.

 * 1944 – Los Negros-based U. S. Army Air Forces B-24 Liberators of the Thirteenth Air Force bomb Woleai.

 * 1944 – Allied aircraft begin concentrated attacks on Japanese forces on Noemfoor. By July 1, they will have dropped about 800 tons (725,755 kg) of bombs on the island.

 * 1942 – In North Africa, Axis forces begin the final phase of the Battle of Gazala with a massive aerial bombardment of Tobruk by between 296 and 306 aircraft. Tobruk surrenders the next day.

 * 1941 – The United States Department of War creates the United States Army Air Forces, with General Henry H. Arnold as its first commander. As part of the reorganization, General Headquarters Air Force is renamed Air Force Combat Command; the new Army Air Forces organization consists of Air Force Combat Command (its combat element) and the United States Army Air Corps (its logistics and training element).

 * 1939 – Test flight of first rocket plane using liquid propellants.

 * 1935 – Douglas Y1O-35, 32-319, c/n 1119, of the 88th Observation Squadron, suffers loss of power on right engine during takeoff from Griffith Park, Los Angeles, California, for a flight to Rockwell Field, San Diego, California, at ~1000 hrs. Pilot, Cadet Tracy R. Walsh, manages to hop over soldiers breaking camp alongside runway but does not have sufficient flying speed. Airplane crashes through a tent, a fence, and into an automobile, demolishing itself, the vehicle, and killing three civilians in the car. Three crew on plane unhurt. O-35 surveyed and dropped from records at March Field, 15 October 1935.

 * 1926 – The United States Coast Guard opens the first permanent Coast Guard Air Stations.

 * 1925 – Off New England, a United States Coast Guard Vought UO-1 becomes the first aircraft to pursue a rum-runner.

 * 1917 – The British war cabinet decides to increase the size of the Royal Flying Corps from 108 to 200 squadrons, with most of increase coming in bomber squadrons.

 * 1914 – While the Austro-Hungarian airship Militärluftschiff III (or M.III) hovers over Fischamend testing new camera equipment, an Austro-Hungarian Army pilot tries to loop M.III in a Farman biplane. The airplane strikes the top of the airship, tearing a hole and igniting the escaping hydrogen gas. Both aircraft are destroyed, and both men in the airplane and all seven men aboard M.III are killed. It is the end of the Austro-Hungarian airship program.

 * 1913 – First fatality in U.S. Naval aviation occurs when flight instructor Ens. William Billingsley is thrown from pilot seat of the second Wright CH seaplane, B-2, at height of 1,600 feet in turbulent air over Annapolis, Maryland. The passenger, Lt. John Henry Towers, stays with airplane, sustaining injuries when it hits water. Design was modified conversion of Wright Model B with two pusher propellers driven through chains connected to a 60 hp Wright engine.

 * 1897 – Percy Pilcher is towed about 750 feet in the Hawk, the fourth of his hang gliders

 * 1540 – João Torto, in Viseu, Portugal, builds two pairs of cloth-covered wings, an upper and lower, which are connected by iron hoops. While preparing to jump from the town’s cathedral to the nearby St. Matthew’s fields, he is killed when the elaborated helmet slips over his eyes and he falls onto a roof.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 20


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 21

June 21

 * 2012 – An Indonesian Air Force Fokker 27 on a training flight crashes into a housing complex while on approach to a landing at Jakarta, Indonesia. Six of the seven people on the plane die immediately, and the seventh dies later of his injuries. On the ground, four people die and 11 are injured.

 * 2012 – Syrian Air Force MiG-21 (NATO reporting name "Fishbed") fighter pilot Colonel Hassan Hamada defects with his plane to Jordan. Jordan will later grant him political asylum.

 * 2011 – Libyan government antiaircraft fire shoots down an unmanned NATO MQ-8 Fire Scout helicopter drone on a reconnaissance flight near Zliten, Libya.

 * 2010 – Aero Service CASA C-212 Aviocar TN-AFD crashed in the Republic of the Congo killing all eleven people on board, including Australian mining magnate Ken Talbot

 * 2007 – Free Airlines L-410 crash occurred near Kamina en route to Lubumbashi DRC an overloaded Let 410UVP operated by the supposedly defunct Karibu Airways crashes inverted into a swamp shortly after takeoff, killing Mbuyu Mibanga, a member of the DRC parliament. 24 others survive.

 * 2004 – SpaceShipOne is the first non-government built spacecraft to transport a person into space and return safely to earth.

 * 2004 – Grumman F-14A Tomcat of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force, flown by Capt. Darioush Yavari and Col. Ali Abou Ataa, crashes on approach to Shahid Baba'ie Air Base when Yavari, an experienced Northrop F-5 pilot qualifying on the F-14, misjudges his sink rate during a no-flaps landing, undercarriage strikes runway with enough force to flip the Tomcat onto its back, killing both crew. Cause is found to be premature rush to put pilot in the cockpit without completing simulator course. Commanding officer of TFB.8, Gen. Ahmad Mieghani (himself a former F-5 pilot) resigns, but investigative commission reinstates him, recognizing the true source of the problem.

 * 1993 – Launch: Space Shuttle Endeavour STS-57 at 9:07 am EDT. Mission highlights: SPACEHAB, EURECA.

 * 1986 – Air France pilot Partick Fourticq and friend Henri Pescarolo once again enter the record books, completing an around-the-world flight aboard a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar in 88 hours 19 min.

 * 1985 – Braathens SAFE Flight 139, a Boeing 737, is hijacked by Stein Arvid Huseby, who demands to make a political statement; all crew and passengers survive.

 * 1982 – Air India Flight 403, a Boeing 707-420, crashes at Sahar International Airport in Bombay, India while landing during a heavy rainstorm; 15 of 99 passengers and 2 of 12 crew are killed.

 * 1982 – A United States Marine Corps CH-46D crashed into the Atlantic killing one of the crew.

 * 1977 – AUSN Lockheed EC-130Q Hercules TACAMO III BuNo 156176, c/n 4280, of VQ-3, crashed in the Pacific Ocean after night take-off from Wake Island.

 * 1972 – Jean Boulet pilots an Aérospatiale Lama to a new record altitude for helicopters, 12,441 m (40,820 ft)

 * 1961 – June 21-22 – A Royal Air Force Avro Vulcan makes the first non-stop flight from England to Australia

 * 1961 – First flight of the Aviation Traders Carvair

 * 1960 – Retired: Boeing B-29 Superfortress

 * 1954 – No. 428 Squadron was reformed at Uplands, Ontario, and equipped with Avro Canada CF-100 fighters.

 * 1954 – Three USAF B-47 Stratojets cross the Pacific Ocean in under 15 hours

 * 1953 – Two crew of the 3200th Fighter Test Squadron, Air Proving Ground Command, Eglin AFB, Florida, are killed in a Lockheed F-94C-1-LO Starfire, 50-969, when it crashes at Fairfax Field, Kansas City, Kansas. Fighter had departed the airfield on a routine training mission for a flight to Scott AFB, Illinois, when the pilot attempted to return shortly after the 1330 hrs. CST take-off. Fighter struck a dike short of the runway, hitting ~10 feet (3.0 m) below the top, and caromed onto the runway. Radar operator was killed on impact and the pilot died later of injuries.

 * 1951 – First flight of the Handley Page HP.88

 * 1950 – RCAF’s 412 Squadron accepted Canadair C-5 VIP transport aircraft.

 * 1945 – (21-22) The tenth and final Japanese Kikusui attack off Okinawa involves only 45 kamikazes. They sink a medium landing ship and the hulk of a decommissioned destroyer and damage two seaplane tenders and two smaller ships.

 * 1944 – Lt. Donald A. Innis, U.S. Navy, out of the Naval Ordnance Test Station at Inyokern, California, flying over the Salton Sea in Southern California on a rocket firing flight, launches weapon but the rocket body explodes prematurely on his starboard wing. His F6F-3 Hellcat, BuNo 40860, which was in a 15-degree dive at the time went into a slow spin and crashed into the sea.

 * 1943 – The first airbase designed for use by B-29 Superfortress bombers in attacks on Japan, Shemya Army Airfield, opens on Shemya in the Aleutian Islands. However, B-29 s instead attack Japan from bases in China and the Mariana Islands, and only one B-29 – on a non-combat flight – visits Shemya during World War II.

 * 1943 – (Overnight) 705 British bombers attack Krefeld, Germany, losing 44 of their number.

 * 1942 – (21-22) In response to an erroneous report that a Japanese task force is threatening Nome in the Territory of Alaska, 55 U. S. Army Air Forces and commandeered civilian aircraft carry out the first mass airlift in U. S. military history, carrying 2,272 men, 20 antiaircraft guns, and tons of supplies in 179 trips from Anchorage to Nome over a 24-hour period. The airlift will continue until early July.

 * 1941 – Lieutant Colonel Elmer D. Perrin, a native Texan, and the district supervisor, Eastern Air Corps Procurement District, since 1939, and Air Corps representative to the Glenn L. Martin Company, Baltimore, Maryland, is killed in a crash during an acceptance test of a Martin B-26 Marauder bomber near the aircraft plant north of Baltimore, coming down ~1/2 mile after take off and burning. The civilian company representative was also killed. In January 1942, Grayson Basic Flying School, Grayson County, Texas, is renamed Perrin Field in his honor, later Perrin Air Force Base.

 * 1940 – Mitsubishi A6 M Zero (Allied reporting name “Zeke”) with the Imperial Japanese Navy’s 12th Combined Naval Air Corps

 * 1940 – Six Fleet Air Arm Swordfish torpedo bombers of No. 821 and No. 823 squadrons based at Royal Naval Air Station Hatston attempt to attack Scharnhorst as she steams from Trondheimsfjord, Norway, to Kiel, Germany. They score no hits, and two Swordfish are shot down.

 * 1936 – First flight of the Handley Page Hampden prototype K4240.

 * 1935 – A Curtiss Y1O-40B Raven, 32-416, repaired after being wrecked at Floyd Bennett Field, New York City, on 25 February 1935, now flying out of Brooks Field, Texas, is written off in a take-off accident at Hatbox Field, Muskogee, Oklahoma this date. Pilot is Charles A. Pursley.

 * 1933 – Entered Service: Grumman FF with the U. S. Navy

 * 1933 – First flight of the Supermarine Walrus

 * 1929 – First flight of the Vought XF2U

 * 1921 – First flight of the Bristol Ten-seater

 * 1913 – 18 year-old Gergia “Tiny” Broadwick is first woman to parachute from an airplane jumping from 1,000′ over Los Angeles CA.

 * 1908 – The first flight of the Aerial Experiment Association’s (AEA) promising June Bug biplane, their third machine, takes place in New York State. It has a 40-hp air-cooled Curtiss engine.

 * 1907 – Romanian Trajan Vuia makes a flight in Paris of almost 66 feet, at a height of 16 feet, in his second machine which has a 24-hp Antoinette engine running on carbonic acid and has its wheels fitted with shock absorbers.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 21


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 22

June 22

 * 2012 – A Mexican Navy AS656MB Panther went missing, aircraft was found six days later with all on board dead.

 * 2012 – A Mexican Air Force SF260EU crashed into a mountain in western Mexico, two crew killed.

 * 2012 – Syrian antiaircraft fire shoots down a Turkish Air Force F-4 Phantom II fighter on a training mission over the Mediterranean Sea off Turkey's Hatay Province, killing its two-man crew. Syria claims the aircraft violated its airspace; Turkey admits a momentary violation but claims the F-4 was shot down 15 minutes later in international airspace 13 nautical miles (15 statute miles; 24 km) from Syria.

 * 2010 – Launch of Ofek 9 (or Ofeq 9), Israel Aerospace Industries reconnaissance satellite.

 * 2009 – A United States Air Force Lockheed Martin F-16CM Fighting Falcon, 89-2108, from the 421st Fighter Squadron, 388th Fighter Wing, based at Hill Air Force Base, Ogden, Utah crashes on a night training flight on the Utah Test and Training Range. The pilot, Capt. George B. Houghton, dies in the crash which occurred 35 miles (56 km) S of Wendover, Utah.

 * 2009 – A United States Army Bell TH-67 Creek crashed near Hartfield, Alabama on a training mission, one of the two occupants killed.

 * 2007 – STS-117, Space Shuttle mission flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis to the ISS, 250th orbital human spaceflight, is back on earth.

 * 2000 – Wuhan Airlines Flight 343, a Xian Y-7, is struck by lightning and crashes in Hanyang District, Wuhan, killing all 42 on board and another 7 on the ground in the worst ever accident involving the Y-7.

 * 1990 – Bombardier Inc purchases Learjet for $US 75 million

 * 1984 – First flight of the Rutan Voyager, first aircraft to fly around the world without stopping or refueling.

 * 1984 – London: Richard Branson's airline, Virgin Atlantic, begins services to North America, using Boeing 747s.

 * 1982 – Magyar Légierō, Hungarian Air Force Mil Mi-24D, 113, crashes, killing one crew.

 * 1976 – Launch of Salyut 5 (OPS-3), 3rd and last Almaz reconnaissance space station to be launched for the Soviet military.

 * 1975 – Svetlana Savitskaya sets a new women's airspeed record of 2,683 km/h (1,667 mph) in the Mikoyan Ye-133, a modified MiG-25PU two-seat trainer.

 * 1973 – Skylab 2, First manned mission to Skylab, the First U. S. orbital space station, is back on earth.

 * 1965 – John B. McKay flies the X-15 at 3,938 mph (6,338 km/h) at an altitude of 29.5 miles (47.5 km).

 * 1962 – Air France Flight 117, an international scheduled multi-leg Boeing 707 crashes in a forest hill on the island of Guadeloupe, while approaching Pointe-à-Pitre International Airport; 113 die in that accident with no survivors; the worst accident in Guadeloupe; the cause of the crash is never determined.

 * 1959 – French aviatrix Jacqueline Auriol sets a new speed record of 1 849 km/h with a Dassault Mirage III C.

 * 1955 – US air patrol plane shot down above Bering sea.

 * 1954 – First flight of the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, American carrier-capable ground-attack aircraft.

 * 1951 – Pan Am Flight 151, a Lockheed L-049 Constellation en route from Accra, Ghana (then the Gold Coast Territory) to Monrovia, Liberia, crashes into a hill near Sanoye in Bong County, Liberia, 54 miles (86 km) from the airport; all 31 passengers and 6 crew members die.

 * 1951 – Entered Service: Supermarine Attacker with 800 Naval Air Squadron, the Fleet Air Arm’s first jet.

 * 1947 – Martin XB-48, 45-59585, makes first flight, a 37-minute, 73-mile hop from Martin's Baltimore, Maryland plant to NAS Patuxent River, Maryland, but blows all four tires on its fore-and-aft mounted undercarriage on landing when pilot O. E. "Pat" Tibbs, Director of Flight for Martin, applies heavy pressure to specially designed, but very slow to respond, insensitive air-braking lever. Tibbs and co-pilot E. R. "Dutch" Gelvin are uninjured.

 * 1946 – No. 436 Squadron was disbanded.

 * 1946 – A USAF P-80 Shooting Star carries the first airmail flown by jet

 * 1945 – First flight of the Vickers VC.1 Viking, British twin-engine short-range airliner derived from the Vickers Wellington bomber.

 * 1945 – 412 B-29 s drop 2,290 tons (2,077,474 kg) of bombs on Kure, Wakayama, and other cities in Japan.

 * 1944 – The escort carriers USS Manila Bay (CVE-61) and USS Natoma Bay (CVE-62) catapult U. S. Army Air Forces P-47 Thunderbolts of the 19th Fighter Squadron off for use at Isely Field on Saipan. The first Allied aircraft to be based ashore in the Mariana Islands, the P-47 s are in action a few hours later, making rocket strikes against targets on Tinian.

 * 1944 – Los Negros-based U. S. Army Air Forces B-24 Liberators of the Thirteenth Air Force again strike Woleai.

 * 1944 – A Truk-based Japanese Mitsubishi G4 M (Allied reporting name “Betty”) damages the American battleship USS Maryland (BB-46) off Saipan with a torpedo.

 * 1943 – In order to better defend Sicily from Allied air attack, Italy and Germany agree to withdraw all of their bombers from Sicily and all but a few from Sardinia, concentrating instead on fighter operations in Sicily and southern Sardinia.

 * 1941 – Royal Air Force Boeing Fortress I, AN522, of 90 Squadron, RAF Great Massingham, flown by F/O J. C. Hawley, breaks up in mid-air over Yorkshire during a training flight. Single survivor, a medical officer from RAE Farnborough, reports that the bomber entered a cumulo-nimbus cloud at 33,000 feet (10,100 m), became heavily iced-up with hailstones entering through open gunports, after which control was lost, the port wing detached, and the fuselage broke in two at 25,000 feet (7,600 m). Survivor, who was in the aft fuselage, was able to bail out at 12,000 feet (3,700 m).

 * 1941 – Within the first hour of the war, Soviet pilot Lieutenant I I. Ivanov of the 46th Fighter Air Regiment rams a Heinkel He 111, the first of 10 Soviet aerial rammings that day and more than 200 during the war; Ivanov is killed in the ramming.

 * 1941 – Soviet Tupolev SB-2 and Ilyushin DB-3 bombers suffer heavy losses in attacks on German airfields near Warsaw; German fighters shoot down 20 out of 25 Soviet bombers on one raid.

 * 1941 – Germany invades the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa). 1,489 Soviet aircraft are destroyed on the first day alone by the German Nazis.

 * 1940 – Flight Lieutenant George Burge of the Royal Air Force, flying a Gloster Sea Gladiator nicknamed 'Faith', claims the First Italian bomber aircraft destroyed over Malta.

 * 1940 – France surrenders to Germany.

 * 1940 – General Albert Kesselring directs Hauptmann Wolfgang Falck to establish the Luftwaffe’s first true night fighter unit, Nachtjagdgeschwader 1. It is the birth of the German specialized night fighter force of World War II.

 * 1939 – During the Khalkhin Gol Incident, a dogfight rages for 2½ hours between 120 Imperial Japanese Army aircraft and 95 Soviet Air Force fighters. The Soviets shoot down 31 Japanese aircraft in exchange for 11 of their own.

 * 1937 – First flight of the de Havilland Moth Minor, British two-seat tourer/trainer aircraft.

 * 1934 – First flight of the Fokker F.XXXVI, Dutch four-engined 32-passenger airliner, largest transport designed and built by Fokker.

 * 1933 – The Tupolev ANT-25, Soviet long-range experimental aircraft which was also tried as a bomber. It was used by the Soviet Union for a number of record-breaking flights.

 * 1930 – Birth of Yury Petrovich Artyukhin, Soviet pilot and cosmonaut.

 * 1927 – First flight of the Short S.6 Sturgeon, British prototype single-engined biplane naval reconnaissance aircraft, demonstrator of the corrosion resistance of duralumin aircraft structures.

 * 1917 – First flight of the Port Victoria P.V.7 Grain Kitten, British Fighter aircraft prototype.

 * 1910 – The German firm “Delag” inaugurates the first regular passenger-carrying airship service. Between 1910-1914, its five Zeppelin airships carry nearly 35,000 passengers without a fatality over inland German routes.

 * 1909 – Wycoof, Church & Partridge, auto dealers in New York city, acquired the Curtiss line to become the first airplane sales agency.

 * 1907 – A military balloon falls and explodes in Debrecen, Austria-Hungary. Its crew of two French army officers and one Austrian army officer, and ten peasant men on the ground are killed.  With thirteen fatalities it was the worst air accident until the 1913 Helgoland Island Air Disaster

 * 1906 – Birth of Anne Morrow Lindbergh, born Anne Spencer Morrow, pioneering American aviator, author, and the spouse of fellow aviator Charles Lindbergh.

 * 1898 – Birth of John Rudkin, British WWI flying ace.

 * 1897 – Birth of Theodor Quandt, German WWI fighter ace, and WWII fighter pilot.

 * 1894 – Birth of Jean Alfred Fraissinet, French WWI flying ace, He served in WWII and later entered politic.

 * 1892 – Birth of Robert Ritter von Greim, German WWI fighter ace who was asked to set up a Chinese air force, He helped to rebuild the Luftwaffe and was appointed to the command of the First Luftwaffefighter pilot school. He has been the last commander of the Luftwaffe in WWII.

 * 1891 – Birth of Charles Findlay, Scottish WWI fighter ace who served in WWII

 * 1880 – Birth of Eduard Martynovich Pulpe, Russian WWI flying ace.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 22


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 23

June 23

 * 2012 – A Colombian Army Cessna 208B Caravan crashed during near to Tocaima, all four on board killed.

 * 2012 – Three Syrian Army pilots defect, crossing the border into Jordan.

 * 2006 – The RAF Retire the Canberra from service after 55 years.

 * 1994 – First flight of the Antonov An-38

 * 1985 – Air India Flight 182, a Boeing 747, is bombed by Sikh extremists. It crashes into the ocean near Ireland, killing all 329 people on board.

 * 1980 – Sanjay Gandhi, son of Indira Gandhi, dies when his private aerobatic biplane has an accident.

 * 1967 – Mohawk Airlines Flight 40, a BAC One-Eleven, crashes in Blossburg, Pennsylvania, killing all 34 people on board.

 * 1959 – Lockheed F-104A-5-LO Starfighter, 56-742, c/n 183-1030, to General Electric Flight Test, June: 1957, performed accelerated service tests on J79 engine. Crashes this date on landing approach at Edwards AFB, California, when split flap condition occurs. Pilot ejects too low and is killed.

 * 1952 – June 23-24 – In the most intense use of airpower of the Korean War, US Navy and Marine Corps aircraft fly 1,200 sorties against North Korean power generation facilities.

 * 1951 – The famous non-fatal Grumman F9F-2 Panther ramp strike accident occurs as Cdr. George Chamberlain Duncan attempts landing on USS Midway in BuNo 125228, during carrier suitability tests in the Atlantic Ocean. Forward fuselage breaks away and rolls down the deck, pilot suffering burns. Footage of this accident has been used in several films including Men of the Fighting Lady, Midway, and The Hunt For Red October.

 * 1951 – Second Avro CF-100 Mk.1, 19102, 'FB-K',crashes on the day it is handed over to the RCAF.

 * 1950 – Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 2501, a Douglas DC-4, crashes into Lake Michigan 18 miles (29 km) north-northwest of Benton Harbor, Michigan, after entering a squall line and turbulence, killing all 58 people on board. It is the deadliest commercial airliner accident in American history at the time.

 * 1948 – First flight of the Arsenal VG 70

 * 1944 – (23–27) Los Negros-based U. S. Army Air Forces B-24 Liberators of the Thirteenth Air Force fly an average of 21 daily bombing sorties against Yap. Two are shot down and 21 damaged.

 * 1944 – (Overnight) Japanese aircraft in small numbers conduct night raids against U. S. Navy forces off Saipan, damaging several amphibious warfare and auxiliary ships.

 * 1942 – First flight of the Martin JRM Mars

 * 1941 – During the second day of Operation Barbaross, the Soviets lose another 1,000 aircraft.

 * 1935 – First flight of the Bristol Bombay

 * 1931 – June 23-July 1, Wiley Post and Harold Gatty fly around the world in a Lockheed Vega, the Winnie Mae, covering 15,474 miles in 8 days 15 hours 51 min – A new record

 * 1924 – The prototype Focke-Wulf A 16 monoplane made its first flight. Capable of carrying four passengers, it was the first product of Focke-Wulf Flugzeugbau GmbH.

 * 1924 – Lt Russell Maughan makes the first one-day crossing of the United States, completing the flight from Long Island to San Francisco in a Curtiss PW-8 in 21 hours, 48 min.

 * 1921 – First flight of the R38 class airship

 * 1919 – Six Zeppelins (LZ 46, LZ 79, LZ 91, LZ103, LZ 110, and LZ 111) are destroyed at Nordholz by their own crews in order to prevent them from falling into Allied hands.

 * 1916 – Victor Chapman of Lafayette Escadrille becomes the first US airman to be killed in action, shot down near Verdun.

 * 1913 – The S-21 Sikorsky Russky Vityaz ("Russian Knight"), designed by Igor Sikorsky and built by the RBVZ, a redesigned variant of the Bolshoi Baltiski, as the first large aircraft intended exclusively as a bomber, first flies on this date, the world's first four-motored aircraft. It is lost in a freak accident during 1913 military trials when the Gnôme rotary on a Moller II pusher biplane (some sources cite a Morane design) tears loose and hits the giant bomber.

 * 1905 – First flight of the Wright Flyer III

 * 1784 – First US balloon flight (13 year old Edward Warren).

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 23


text:
Datin

Datin was an oracular deity also associated with oaths and justice worshipped in pre-Islamic northern Arabia.

title: Datin


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 24

June 24

 * 2013 – The Federal Reserve Bank of New York discovers that $1.2 million in $100 bills is missing from a $93 million shipment of cash carried from Zurich, Switzerland, to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City aboard Swissair Flight 17 on 22 June. The Federal Bureau of Investigation launches an investigation into where and how the money disappeared between the flight's point of origin in Zurich and the shipment's arrival at the bank.

 * 2004 – AH-1W SuperCobra 163939 shot down in Fallujah; pilots safe.

 * 1994 – 1994 Fairchild Air Force Base B-52 crash: Czar 52, a USAF Boeing B-52H-170-BW Stratofortress, 61-0026, crashes during an airshow practice at Fairchild AFB. After having rehearsed the maneuvers profile that in itself was dangerous to fly in a B-52, the aircraft came into land. Due to a KC-135 Stratotanker still being on the runway, the aircraft was required to make a 'go around'. After beginning a 360-degree turn left, the aircraft exceeded 90 degrees angle of bank, stalled and crashed into the ground. All four aircrew members were killed in the crash.

 * 1987 – RAF SEPECAT Jaguar GR.1A, XZ386, '05', of 226 OCU, suffers loss of control/controlled flight into terrain three miles (5 km.) SE of Builth Wells, Powys, Wales. Pilot KWF.

 * 1986 – First flight of the Grob/E-Systems/AlliedSignal Egrett

 * 1983 – Landed: Space shuttle Challenger STS-7 at 13:56:59 UTC Edwards Air Force Base. Mission highlights: First US woman in space Sally Ride; Multiple comsat deployments; First deployment and retrieval of a satellite SPAS.

 * 1982 – British Airways Flight 9, a Boeing 747-200, flies through a cloud of volcanic ash south of Java; all engines fail in flight, forcing the plane to glide; the crew is able to restart the engines and make a safe landing.

 * 1982 – First Frenchman launches into orbit, as part of Soviet mission.

 * 1980 – First flight of the Microturbo Microjet 200

 * 1975 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 66, a Boeing 727, encounters wind shear on final approach and strikes approach lights at John F. Kennedy International Airport, killing 112 of 124 people on board.

 * 1972 – Prinair Flight 191, a De Havilland Heron, over-rotates because of pilot error and crashes in Ponce, Puerto Rico, killing 5 of 20 people on board.

 * 1966 – Bombay-NY Air India flight crashes into Mont Blanc (Switz), 117 die.

 * 1960 – First flight of the Hawker Siddeley HS 748

 * 1956 – First flight of the Sukhoi Su-9

 * 1956 – In the 1956 BOAC Argonaut accident, a Canadair C-4 Argonaut, G-ALHE, crashes shortly after taking off from Kano Airport, Nigeria into a thunderstorm, killing 32 of the 38 passengers and 3 of the seven crew.

 * 1955 – Soviet MIG’s down a U. S. Navy patrol plane over the Bering Strait.

 * 1952 – On the eighth test flight of the first Convair YB-60-1-CF, 49-2676, a flutter condition resulted in the trim tab disintegrating and the rudder suffering severe torsional wrinkles while flying at 263 mph (423 km/h) at 35,000 feet (11,000 m). Replaced by rudder built for second prototype which never received one and never flew. As the Boeing B-52 project was succeeding, the Convair B-60 program was canceled and the two airframes were salvaged in 1954 for parts.

 * 1950 – Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 2501, a Douglas DC-4, with 58 people on board, disappears without a trace over Lake Michigan.

 * 1949 – Cargo airlines first licensed by US Civil Aeronautics Board.

 * 1948 – The Soviet Union begins the Berlin Blockade, America responds with the Berlin Airlift.

 * 1944 – Attempting to strike Iwo Jima, F6 F Hellcats of U. S. Navy Task Group 58.1 are intercepted by Japanese aircraft, shooting down 29 of them in exchange for six Hellcats. Iwo Jima-based Japanese aircraft fly three ineffective raids against the task group during the day, losing another 37 planes

 * 1944 – June 24-25 – The Luftwaffe makes its first operational use of "Mistel" composite aircraft, against Allied shipping in Seine Bay.

 * 1943 – The RAF uses chaff, codenamed "Window", for the first time to foil German radar during the Operation Gomorrah raids on Hamburg.

 * 1941 – No. 408 (Bomber) Squadron was formed in England.

 * 1940 – The first four Elementary Flying Training Schools (EFTS) were officially opened: No. 1 at Malton, Ontario; No. 2 at Fort William, Ontario; No. 3 at London, Ontario; No. 4 at Windsor Mills, Quebec.

 * 1939 – Pan Am’s first US to England flight.

 * 1935 – One Ford Trimotor of Servicio Aéreo Colombiano (SACO) crashed with another Ford Trimotor of Sociedad Colombo Alemana de Transporte Aéreo (SCADTA) in Medellín, Colombia. Fifteen people were killed including the world's most famous tango singer Carlos Gardel.

 * 1934 – First flight of the Supermarine Stranraer

 * 1930 – Dr. Albert Taylor and Leo Young of the Aircraft Research Laboratory, near Bolling Field, Washington, D. C., succeed in tracing the position of airplanes in flight using wireless detection equipment.

 * 1925 – Off New England, a United States Coast Guard Vought UO-1 becomes the first aircraft to assist in the capture of a rum-runner.

 * 1924 – In Macau, Portuguese Commander Brito Pais and Captain Sarmento de Beires give up on their eastbound attempt to circumnavigate the world in the de Havilland DH.9 A Patria II after covering 11,000 miles (17,713 km) from Lisbon.

 * 1922 – Laid Down: USS Shenandoah (ZR-1)

 * 1918 – The first scheduled Canadian airmail flight is made, between Montreal and Toronto.

 * 1918 – The RAF deploys its new 1,650 lb (748 kg) bomb for the first time. One is dropped on Middelkerke, Belgium by a Handley Page O/400 of No. 216 Squadron RAF.

 * 1910 – J. A. D. McCurdy crashed attempting a flight in the Canadian Aerodrome Company’s Baddeck No. 2 biplane at Lakeside, Que.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 24


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 26

June 26

 * 2009 – HK-4094, a Let L-410 Turbolet operated by Transporte Aéreo de Colombia overruns the runway at Capurganá Airport, Colombia, and is substantially damaged.

 * 2006 – U.S. Navy VFA-122 squadron pilot Brian R. Deforge, 25, dies when his McDonnell-Douglas F/A-18 Hornet collides with another over Fort Hunter Liggett, north of San Luis Obispo, California. The other pilot successfully ejects and survives.

 * 2003 – The NASA Helios prototype breaks up and falls into the Pacific Ocean about ten miles (16 km) W of the Hawaiian Island Kauai during a remotely piloted systems checkout flight in preparation for an endurance test scheduled for the following month. Cause was flight through wind shear on a day when the conditions had been pronounced "marginal".

 * 1994 – Air Ivory Fokker’s-27 crashes at Abidjan (16 killed / 1 lives).

 * 1988 – Air France Flight 296, an Airbus A320, makes a low pass over Mulhouse-Habsheim Airport in landing configuration during an air show and crashes into trees at the end of the runway. Of 130 passengers aboard, 3 die.

 * 1981 – Dan-Air Flight 240, a Hawker Siddeley HS 748, crashes near Nailstone, Leicestershire due to failure of the baggage door, causing rapid decompression and loss of control; all 3 crew on board die.

 * 1978 – Air Canada Flight 189, a McDonnell-Douglas DC-9, crashes on takeoff in Toronto, Ontario, Canada because of tire failure; two die out of 107 passengers on board.

 * 1974 – First flight of the Eurocopter AS350

 * 1963 – A BAF Fairchild C-119G Flying Boxcar, CP45, c/n 246, en route to RAF Gütersloh, crashes near Detmold, Germany after being accidentally hit by a British mortar bomb over the Sennelager Range. 5 crewmen and 33 paratroopers died, while 9 paratroopers managed to jump to safety using their parachutes.

 * 1959 – TWA Flight 891, a Lockheed Starliner, crashes due to a lightning strike shortly after taking off from Milan Malpensa Airport. All 68 passengers and crew on board are killed.

 * 1950 – Australian National Airways Amana, a Douglas DC-4, crashes after takeoff from Perth Airport, killing all 29 people on board.

 * 1948 – The Berlin Airlift begins, with USAF, Royal Air Force, and British civil transport aircraft carrying supplies into West Berlin

 * 1946 – The U. S. Army Air Force and Navy adopt “knot” and “nautical mile” as standard aeronautical units for speed and distance. A nautical mile is about 6.080 ft. (1,853 m), and knot is the equuivalent of one nautical mile per hour.

 * 1946 – Air Cadets were renamed the Royal Canadian Air Cadets by permission of H. M. the King.

 * 1945 – 468 B-29 s drop 3,058 tons (2,774,199 kg) of bombs on Osaka and other cities in Japan.

 * 1943 – 331 Wing, composed of Nos. 420, 424 and 425 (Bomber) Squadrons and commanded by G/C CR Dunlap, commenced operations in Tunisia.

 * 1942 – First flight of the Grumman F6F Hellcat

 * 1940 – The Royal Air Force disbands the Advanced Air Striking Force. Since the German offensive in the West began on May 10, the AASF has lost 229 aircraft.

 * 1936 – First flight of the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, first fully controllable helicopter

 * 1934 – First flight of the Airspeed Envoy

 * 1914 – The prototype Bristol S.S.A. (for Single-Seat Armoured), c.n. 219, a Henri Coanda single-seat tractor biplane design intended for production France, crashes on landing at Filton when an undercarriage bracing wire fails. Pilot Harry Busteed slightly injured, but airframe is severely damaged. The French authorities however agree to accept delivery of the type at the Breguet factory, where it is rebuilt, and Bristol takes no further part in its development.

 * 1912 – 2nd Lt. Henry H. Arnold, holder of Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) pilot certificate No. 29 and Military Aviator Certificate No. 2, after accepting the Army's first tractor airplane, Burgess Model H, Signal Corps 9, crashes into Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts after takeoff, receiving the scar on his chin that he shows distinctively for the rest of his life.

 * 1911 – As spectators watch in amazement, Lincoln Beachey flies his Curtiss pusher biplane over Horseshoe Falls, the most spectacular of the Niagara Falls.

 * 1909 – The first commercial sale of an airplane in the United States is made as Glenn H. Curtiss sells one of his planes to the Aeronautic Society of New York for $7,500. This action spurs the Wright brothers to begin a patent suit to prevent him from selling airplanes without a license.

 * 1898 – Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer, was born.

 * 1869 – Largest hydrogen balloon ever to make a free (untethered) ascent, makes a short flight from the Champs de Mars in Paris, France. It has a capacity of 424,000 cubic feet (c. 130,000 cubic meters).

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/June 26