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User talk:Sophysduckling

Please do not leave any messages here. Thank you. Sophy's Duckling 17:39, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

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The Novels WikiProject Newsletter - Issue XVIII - November 2007
The November 2007 issue of the Novels WikiProject newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you.

This is an automated delivery by grafikbot -- 15:54, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

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WikiProject Novels - 1st Coordinators Election
An election has been proposed and has been set up for this project. Description of the roles etc., can be found at WikiProject Novels/Coordinators. If you wish to stand, enter your candidacy before the end of March and ask your questions of anyone already standing at WikiProject Novels/Coordinators/May 2008. Voting will start on the 1st April and close at the end of April. The intention is for the appointments to last from May - November 2008. For other details check out the pages or ask. KevinalewisBot (talk) 14:00, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

translation source/license
You provided a translation here. I would be grateful if you could confirm that either you are the translator, or if the translation was obtained from elsewhere, do you recall where it came from? John Vandenberg (chat) 01:27, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:02, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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Nomination of Suburban Tribe for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Suburban Tribe is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Suburban Tribe until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

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title: User talk:Sophysduckling


text:
Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim

Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim was a short-lived Imperial Estate to the Holy Roman Empire, which was created as a succession of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg in 1803. It was raised to a Principality in 1804, and was mediatised to the Kingdom of Wurttemberg and the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806.

History
The statelet was created on 25 February 1803 as one of the results of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, in which the House of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Bedburg was compensated for the loss of its areas on the left bank of the Rhine by becoming a principality formed from Mainz and Würzburg possessions. The territory of the new principality included the former possessions of Schöntal Abbey, Krautheim, the Gerlachsheim monastery and the Oberamt Grünsfeld of Würzburg. The ruling prince was Franz Wilhelm zu Salm-Reifferscheidt. The principality was mediatised after only three years on 12 July 1806 in Article 24 of the Rhine Confederation Act, and the territory north of the Jagst given to the Grand Duchy of Baden, and to the south of the Jagst to the Kingdom of Württemberg.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim


text:
Talk:Celts (modern)

Pan Celtic Flag
Another editor has placed a dubious template on the pan celtic flag on this page. A quick google search shows that this was proposed as a pan celtic flag in the 1950s but I am not aware of any official status. Can anyone help with the history or suggest a form of words that makes this no longer dubious? Thanks. -- Sirfurboy (talk) 10:44, 26 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Updated it myself based on a source I found. I am not aware of any official status for the flag so made the caption clearer on that point. Removed the dubious template. -- Sirfurboy (talk) 17:44, 26 January 2020 (UTC)

 * I tagged it as dubious and while I appreciate your hunting down of its origins and your wording. It still comes across as a bit promotional of 1 artist's work. How revelant is this flag? Was it ever more than 1 artist's pet project? Did it ever gain even a modicum of community support? That is, Does it meet any of the WP:NOTABLE criteria?

 * They're my concerns on it.
 * Boundarylayer (talk) 21:27, 17 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Thanks for explaining that. I will look again.I recall finding some support before, but will have to find that again and consider it in the light of what you say (or perhaps just post it here for a consensus view). Will do so ASAP. -- Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 00:31, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

Elephant in the Room
Why are all articles related to the idea of 'modern Celts' persistently and flagrantly ignoring the fact that the vast, vast majority of people in these so-called modern Celtic regions don't speak Celtic languages at all? They keep stressing that language is a key, crucial, often seemingly sole factor in Celticness, while completely ignoring the pitiful Celtic language-speaking rates in these regions that are somehow considered Celtic. Ancestral descent from Celtic-speaking populations clearly isn't relevant to them at all considering vast swathes of Europe could claim this today, and since they conveniently ignore many people in the regions they actually do call Celtic descend from Germanic, Italic or today far more exotic groups, or that Celtic-speaking populations of Europe ultimately just had the same Bronze Age ancestral descent as neighboring Indo-European peoples such as Germanic and Italic and Baltic and Slavic etc. And if it's a matter of lapsed time since Celtic languages died out in a region, why on Earth are regions like the Lowlands of Scotland included when we know Celtic languages died out there anywhere between 500-1500 years ago, depending on the region. This is an incoherent mess. 88.110.106.145 (talk) 05:58, 8 November 2022 (UTC)

Modern EthnoLARPs
Can we get articles on Modern Picts, Modern Dacians, Modern Thracians, Modern Illyrians, Modern Baltic Prussians, Modern Avars, Modern Anatolians, Modern Tocharians, Modern Lusitanians, Modern Liburnians, Modern Paeonians? Because people still claim to be those (yes, believe me they do still claim to be those) and people are still around who are ancestrally descended from them. Their languages are dead, but clearly by the logic of Modern Celts they are actually still alive and with us and merely need to call themselves by the name of these extinct peoples if they happen to live in the geographic area these groups once lived in before they were absorbed into surrounding groups. That's how it works, right? 88.110.106.145 (talk) 06:44, 8 November 2022 (UTC)

 * I've allowed myself to combine the two rants. And sorry for not riding the angry-go-round with you. Let's be careful not to fight one incoherent mess by penning another. Celtic national identity does not primarily hinge on language. It's more complicated and more diffuse than language. But you're right: national identity in general is an incoherent mess, and language isn't the main issue at hand -- take it from me, I'm Swiss. Otherwise I'd have to feel German, and so would my Austrian relatives. And yeesh, without disliking the Germans, we'd shudder at the thought. There is a lot more to "German-ness" than their language. (I hope you see where I'm going with this.) The mountain valleys where I hang out used to be Welsh-speaking until around 1000 years ago, Welsh as in our continental use of "Welsch", meaning "foreign, Romanitas-y" -- in our case Late Vulgar Latin or Early Romansh. But nobody is much aware of that outside the Canton where Romansh is still spoken. And what happened even earlier in the Bronze Age is absolutely no skin off of anyone's rosy nosey today. Nowadays these valleys without exception speak German. But there is no German identity in place. Even if we speak their lingo and could not get a copy of a popular book in Swiss German or Romansh if our lives depended on it. In my case, there is a diffuse idea of "Swissness" that hits the spot. But bugger me if I know what that entails.
 * This is relevant because the same is true for the Scots, the Welsh, and most extremely the Irish when it comes to the suggestion that they might be associated with being "English", even though it is their primary language. The main motivator in establishing a self-described Celtic identity in those areas (and others) is grounded exactly in their opposition to a dominant, and often domineering, centralised English culture that was in most cases forcibly inserted through Anglo-Norman or English lordships, and later on through English schools and English social or economic policy. Ireland was predominantly Celtic until the Famine; Scotland until the Clearances, and Wales well into the 19th century, after it had started to come under English hegemony in the 12th century. Brittany has been under stronger and stronger French cultural dominance since the Revolution but was also distinctly Celtic up to then. In other words, there is a shared element of Celticness that was regionally predominant until not too long ago, even if that blurs some of the divides within these regions. From my experience, this "Celtic" identity is usually secondary and complimentary to a stronger "national" (whatever that means) identity, so a Scot is most emphatically a Scot before they are "Celtic", and a Welsh(wo)man from Cardiff feels Welsh much more than they feel "Celtic". But they will be aware of a cultural kinship when it comes to things such as local identity through family names, toponyms, or music, and -- most importantly -- to not being English. Trigaranus (talk) 07:17, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Scotland was not 'predominantly Celtic' until the Clearances. Germanic languages have been spoken in Scotland since the 600s. In fact the majority of the population was speaking English by the 14th century, and for hundreds of years before then a significant, powerful and large minority had been speaking English in the southern and eastern regions, not to mention the Norse population in the north and west, or the Norman ruling elite (neither Germanic or Celtic, but French-speaking Romance)
 * That accounts for roughly 1/3 of the entire landmass of modern "Scot"land. It also probably accounted for anywhere between 25% and 35% of the population of the region (probably more).
 * In fact, historically, lands south of the Firth of Forth weren't even considered 'Scotia', but rather 'The Lands of the English in the Kingdom of the Scots'. The Gaelic term for the Lowlands is literally 'The Place of the Foreigner' and their word for a Lowlander is 'goill' which means stranger/foreigner/outlander/alien. Another term they used for Lowlanders was simply 'Saxon'.
 * So why are you retroactively attempting to apply a 'Celtic' identity to people who considered themselves, and were considered, ANYTHING BUT. It's historical whitewashing, it's insidious and disgusting. 88.110.118.145 (talk) 01:10, 9 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm from Scotland. I had ever even heard the term 'Celtic' until I started visiting Wikipedia in young adulthood. I have never heard a single person in Scotland actually refer to themselves as 'Celtic'. Most people here, highly ironically, think Gaelic 'sounds German' and 'don't like it', because it is a foreign language to them.
 * I like that you can at least admit it's not so much a Celtic identity as it is some spiteful, bitter 'not English' identity though.
 * You don't need to pretend you belong to an ethnolinguistic group you objectively do not in order to 'not be German' or 'not be English'. You can be a separate Germanic ethnic group or tribal identity, which is what you are materially in the present'.
 * It devalues the term Celtic to absolute vapid nothingness. These people are not Celtic. Just as Americans are not Celtic. It's an absolute joke. 88.110.118.145 (talk) 01:14, 9 November 2022 (UTC)
 * You're also just blatantly lying about there being no 'German' identity in Swiss German areas. Swiss Germans identify with one another on the basis of their German language. Swiss French identify with each other on the basis of their French language. Swiss Italians identify with each other on the basis of their Italian language. And then the minorities identify with their language groups as well.
 * These communities of Switzerland have long been divided and while they are generally co-operative and amenable there have been hostilities and issues in the past of Switzerland DUE to their language divides.
 * Why are you lying? These communities are divided by language just as Belgium is, funnily enough, divided into 2 major communities, Flemings and Walloons (another political state divided by language), ENTIRELY on the basis of language.
 * The term Celtic is inherently rooted in language. It came about through some academic going back and discovering that the languages spoken in these regions descended from an ancestral Proto-Celtic language.
 * There would never have been a mere concept of Celtic peoples without the Celtic languages. Are you dense or something?
 * If you do not speak a Celtic language you are not Celtic. It's as simple as that. 88.110.118.145 (talk) 01:19, 9 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The most you can say about Scotland is that, until several centuries ago, PARTS of it were Celtic. Parts of it. Those parts have long since been Germanicized. Now, whether they want to accept they have been Germanicized or not is their issue, but they objectively have been, in a material sense. You don't get to now apply some Celtic brush to the entire region of Scotland retroactively once the Celtic languages have long died out, much of which was Germanic in language and culture centuries, or in some cases 1,500 years, ago. That's probably longer than the regions were ever 'Celtic' since we know Proto-Celtic is dated to around 1000-800 BC, but almost certainly didn't spread into the British Isles until quite a bit later than that.
 * I already know you're going to make some comment about how language shift doesn't change a person's ethnic identity, or whatever. If that is the case you cannot call the Celtic regions of Scotland Celtic either since many Gaels had Norse admixture or later Norman and Anglo-Saxon admixture.
 * Subsequently you can never call Pictish regions 'Scottish'. Because they merely adopted the Gaelic language and culture. So they're still Picts, apparently. And we need to keep referring to them as Pictish.
 * And if we are going to go by 19th century racial scientist blood group logic, huge numbers of Lowlanders can't be Celtic even if they adopted a Celtic language and called themselves Celtic. Because they bear Germanic Y-DNA and ancestral descent through the numerous documented Germanic colonizations of Scotland in addition to later English waves of settlement or Low Country migration in the Middle Ages.
 * So which is it? Scotland doesn't look very Celtic either way you want to slice it and dice it. Neither by crpyptogenetics or by language and culture is Scotland remotely Celtic.
 * The fact that there were 'Celtic regions' of Scotland several centuries ago is utterly irrelevant and does not change that.
 * This article is a joke. You are ironically imposing a 'Celtic' identity on a region that objectively is not. It's ironically that same cultural imperialism you disparage in your earlier comments.
 * Scotland is not Celtic. Whether some people in Scotland descend from Celtic-speaking populations is as irrelevant as whether an American descends from a German or a Pole or, as is usually the case, some myriad compilation of European peoples. 88.110.118.145 (talk) 01:37, 9 November 2022 (UTC)
 * So that leaves the question, what exactly is 'Celtic'. Because they clearly don't care about genetics and ancestry (they know it would be completely self-defeating and basically eradicate the mere idea of a 'Celtic people'). They clearly don't care about language. So is it literally just 'calling yourselves Celtic'? So ANYONE can just call themselves Celtic and be accepted Celtic? And yet Galicians and others get rejected by the 'Celtic League' because there is no Celtic language spoken in Galicia anymore.
 * That's really funny, because you've been stressing that language has nothing to do with Celticness. So why would the lack of a Celtic language be remotely relevant when it comes to Galicia? And why would the existence of a Celtic language in a tiny, sparsely populated, peripheral region of Scotland somehow make the entire larger region 'Celtic'?
 * Maybe you should rewrite the article and point out that 'Celtic' today has become a completely vapid term applied to a small geographic region of Europe where Celtic languages USED to be spoken, but not all the other vast swathes of Europe where Celtic languages were once spoken... because of... reasons or something?
 * That might be a bit more intellectually honest than how it reads at present.
 * A disgusting, odious, vile movement, void of all logic and reason. Reads like fantasy drivel, peddled by enthusiasis who understand nothing of history or ethnology. And another stain on Wikipedia's reputation as an encyclopedia and place of fact and reason. 88.110.118.145 (talk) 01:51, 9 November 2022 (UTC)
 * OP OP OP...tone it down! I am sympathetic towards some of your points. For example, if it is defined by place of birth then we would be excluding those born elsewhere but who lived 99% of their life in a Celtic nation. If by ancestry, then we're excluding 'people of colour' and that would make the modern pan-Celtic identity seem very at odds with today's progressive politics, which all the modern Celtic nationalist parties - perhaps save for Plaid Cymru - espouse. If by language, then it would exclude the majority of modern Celts - and if it's by ancestry, then why are individuals like myself born-and-raised in England but with majority "Celtic DNA" (75%+) excluded and referred to as "wankers" on certain subReddits if I were to ever assert myself as a Celt? ;) - The current lead definitely fails to address this issue. And yes, the Celtic league are a bunch of simpering ethno-nat gatekeepers, but their original purpose was language preservation. --SinoDevonian (talk) 21:08, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Just wanted to come in with my 2 cents on the matter. Firstly, yes OP you do really need to tone it down. I think the wider complicated network of celtic-related articles need to be reviewed, cleaned up, merged or whatever relevant changes needed. A few years ago I wrote a considerable expansion for Celtic Revival as a broad development in language revival for all the language. It was removed because it was out of step with the scope of the article, a debatable outcome in my opinion. This article itself crosses over language, culture and social movements present in other articles. The whole collection of articles need to be reviewed by WikiProject Celts (which apparently itself needs reviving). Jonjonjohny (talk) 05:16, 16 November 2022 (UTC)
 * If anyone wants to make changes to the article based on all of this, those changes (and the discussion that precedes them on the talk page) should be based on reliable sources, not personal experiences growing up. So far, in this very long discussion, nobody has cited any. Furius (talk) 14:09, 16 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Definitely seconded, @Furius and @Jonjonjohny. I won't have the free time to dig into this any time soon. Just to accommodate and buffer some of the stronger arguments ("disgusting, odious, vile [...] void of all logic and reason") with two books from my shelf, if it is any consolation to our man in Speaker's Corner:
 * - The Historical Atlas of the Celtic World by John Haywood (London, Thames&Hudson, 2001) concludes with a chapter "The Modern Celts" that includes a section on "Romanticism and Celtomania", and another on "Celtomania and European Nationalism", without any of the bits coming up as especially vile, albeit with a healthy critique of the concept.
 * - The same goes for Barry Cunliffe's classic The Celtic World from 1980, which -- after dealing with Iron-Age and Medieval Celts -- closes with an entire chapter on "The Celts Today".
 * I know there was a rather impassioned rebuttal of the idea of "Atlantic Celts" in general (and thereby their modern counterparts):
 * - The Atlantic Celts: Ancient People Or Modern Invention? by archaeologist Simon James, who disliked the concept -- but I can't recall too much of his argumentation and no longer own the book myself.
 * While I disagreed with Cunliffe and with James (with him a bit more so, if I remember) on various points regarding pre-historic language spread (we pesky linguists!), it's somehow possible hold opposing viewpoints without quite as much froth around the mouth. Let's hear some authors, OP. Trigaranus (talk) 18:22, 17 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Okay. I am sorry for my heatedness. I've lived my entire life trying to have people thrust a nonexistent identity upon me simply because I live in a region of land. I speak a Germanic language. I have a Germanic compound patronymic surname. According to DNA tests my closest modern population is northern Dutch, lol (I'm from Glasgow and don't have any recent family history of immigration)!
 * Despite all this I am frequently told I am "Celtic" simply because I live in a region of land. Because the term Celtic has been reduced to such vapid nothingness today.
 * I am sick of it. I'm sick of people here being siphoned off from their actual, living ethnolinguistic identity, which is Germanic. The people of Scotland speak a Germanic language and cluster extremely closely genetically with those in the Proto-Germanic homeland, ALL people in the British Isles do, and they did before the Germanic invasions too. In fact they cluster more closely with those in Scandinavia than most of the Germanic world does.
 * Not that the genetics really matter to me, considering Germanic is and always has been an ethnolinguistic term denoting speakers of Germanic languages that has been warped and polluted and tarnished with attempts to tie it to 'biological race' (which is particularly ironic when it comes to Germanic peoples if you know anything about archaeogenetics).
 * This 'modern Celtic' ideology however is vile. I do not apologize for that. Because without a biological racial element it simply doesn't exist. And biological racism is a lurid, psychotic fantasy that is so comically out of touch with archaeogenetic reality and the history of human ancestry and migrations and mixing events that it is almost comical.
 * The fact that a person descends from populations which spoke Celtic is as irrelevant as a person descending from populations which once spoke Proto-Indo-European or Old European languages or countless other languages belonging to countless ethnolinguistic groups all lost to history.
 * Ethnicity doesn't work that way. Identity doesn't work that way. You are no more Celtic because you have some distant Celtic-speaking ancestor than you are a doctor simply because your grandfather was one.
 * There would never have been a Celtic peoples if Proto-Celtic hadn't come into existence at some point and birthed descendant languages.
 * It is absolutely rooted in language. 2.99.92.180 (talk) 19:03, 17 November 2022 (UTC) Blocked sock. Mutt Lunker (talk) 16:12, 19 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Your personal experiences are totally valid if you want to publish a book in your own name, make an argument in a debate, and so on, but they have no weight on wikipedia, where articles must be based on reliable sources (and so far these seem to show that the concept exists and is widespread, however illogical it is). See WP:Reliable Sources for the sort of thing that we're asking for. Furius (talk) 19:23, 17 November 2022 (UTC)

Merger of articles
Every other European ethnic group has a single article except us. 84.203.151.5 (talk) 03:22, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Celts (modern)


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Chinese Whispers (novella)

Chinese Whispers is a 1987 novella by Maurice Leitch published as a Hutchinson Novella in Australia and the United Kingdom and as part of the Harper Short Novel Series in the United States. Chinese Whispers was filmed as a BBC Two television drama for the ScreenPlay series in 1989, directed by Stuart Burge, with a screenplay by Maurice Leitch and featuring Niall Buggy in the leading role of Kenny.

title: Chinese Whispers (novella)


text:
Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach

Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach was a German statelet, which was a partition of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur.

From 1734 - 1811, Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach was mediatised to Prussia and the branch became extinct in 1897.

Counts of Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach (1734–1811)

 * Leopold Anthony (1734–1760)
 * Francis Wenceslaus (1760–1811)

title: Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach


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User talk:Auron10

Well, if youre reading this then you must have found me.

Im immensly interested in the history of the world, so i joined this site to increase my knowledge on the subject. well, theres not much else i can tell you, so....Get back to searching through Wikipedia!!

C.R.O.C.K
Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article C.R.O.C.K may not be sufficiently well-known to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. On Wikipedia, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper, a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects.

title: User talk:Auron10


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NorthSide

NorthSide is a record label based in Minneapolis, Minnesota that specializes in Nordic roots music. It is associated with Omnium Recordings and East Side Digital. Its president is Rob Simonds, one of the founders of Rykodisc.

The label was most active during the late 1990s and early 2000s, when it played an important role in promoting the music of the Nordic folk revival in North America. It held the North American distribution right for many Nordic folk and neo-folk musicians, and released the successful, low-priced sampler CDs Nordic Roots 1, 2, and 3. Although still in existence, the label currently has only one band under contract, Väsen, and has retired most of its catalog.

Musicians
Musicians released under this label include:
 * Mari Boine
 * Den Fule
 * Garmarna
 * Gjallarhorn (band)
 * Hedningarna
 * Hoven Droven
 * JPP
 * Sanna Kurki-Suonio
 * Loituma
 * Anders Norudde
 * Triakel
 * Värttinä
 * Väsen
 * Wimme

title: NorthSide


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Hot desking

Hot desking (sometimes called "non-reservation-based hoteling") is a work office organization system where each space is available for any worker, rather than reserved for a specific worker, so different workers may use the same spot along the day or week. The "desk" in the name refers to a table or other work space being shared by multiple workers on different shifts as opposed to every staff member having their own personal desk. A primary motivation for hot-desking is cost reduction through space savings—up to 30% in some cases. Hot desking is especially valuable in cities where real estate prices are high.

Traditional Offices
Hot desking is often found in workplaces with flexible schedules for employees, where not all employees are actually working in an office at the same time. Employees in such workplaces use existing offices only occasionally or for short periods, which leaves offices vacant part of the time. By sharing offices, employees make more efficient use of space and resources. However, hot desking comes with disadvantages, including a lack of permanent space, an unclear work hierarchy, and possibly inconvenient communication between members of a team. For some employees, hot-desking may be hard to get used to, as people have different ways of using a desk (adjusting the chair height, moving around decorations, keeping the space tidy).

An alternative version of hot desking is possible where employees have multiple tasks and multiple employees may require a certain work station, but not for their entire range of duties. Thus a permanent work station can be made available to any worker as and when needed (also known as a "touchdown" space), with employees sharing it. This could be for a single element of one's work, for example, when a sales employee needs an office for a client meeting, but does not otherwise need a personal office. Another example is when employees need to perform specific tasks at work stations created for those tasks in an assembly line fashion. There, the individual work stations are not set up as personal office space. A collection of such workstations is sometimes called a mobility centre.

With the growth of mobility services, hot desking can also include the routing of voice and other messaging services to any location where the user is able to log into a corporate network. Therefore, their telephone number, their email, and instant messaging can be routed to their location on the network and no longer to just their physical desk.

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in remote work becoming more common, with many employees only coming into the office for part of the week. This increased reliance on hot desking, to avoid paying for unused desk space.

Decline of hot desking
According to a June 2024, Bloomberg article, American workplace seating arrangements have shifted in recent years. In 2019, the vast majority (95%) of office seating was assigned, with only 5% unassigned. By 2022, this had changed somewhat, with 81% assigned and 19% unassigned, reflecting a trend towards more flexible workspaces. However, data from 2023 suggests a slight increase in assigned seating (83%), potentially indicating a move away from fully unassigned ("hot desking") arrangements.

Coworking
Hot desking is popular in coworking spaces and flexible workspaces. It is considered the original coworking product offering and is one of the primary ways coworking spaces generate revenue. 92% of coworking spaces include hot desks for rent.

Origin
The term "hot desking" is thought to derive from the naval practice of hot racking, where sailors on different shifts share the same bunks.

title: Hot desking


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To Have and Have Not (film)

To Have and Have Not is a 1944 American romantic war adventure film directed by Howard Hawks, loosely based on Ernest Hemingway's 1937 novel of the same name. It stars Humphrey Bogart, Walter Brennan and Lauren Bacall; it also features Dolores Moran, Hoagy Carmichael, Sheldon Leonard, Dan Seymour, and Marcel Dalio. The plot, centered on the romance between a freelancing fisherman in Martinique and a beautiful American drifter, is complicated by the growing French resistance in Vichy France.

Ernest Hemingway and Howard Hawks were close friends and, on a fishing trip, Hawks told Hemingway, who was reluctant to go into screenwriting, that he could make a great movie from his worst book, which Hawks admitted was To Have and Have Not. Jules Furthman wrote the first screenplay, which, like the novel, was set in Cuba. However, the screenplay was altered to be set in Martinique, because the portrayal of Cuba's government was believed to be in violation of the United States' Good Neighbor policy. Hawks's friend William Faulkner was the main contributor to the screenplay, including and following the revisions. Because of the contributions from both Hemingway and Faulkner, it is the only film story on which two winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature worked. Filming began on February 29, 1944, while Faulkner continued to work on the script, and ended on May 10.

The film premiered in New York City on October 11, 1944. Audience reception was generally good. Critic reviews were mixed, with many claiming the film was a remake of Casablanca (1942). Critics specifically mentioned Lauren Bacall's performance or the chemistry between Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall on screen. Bogart and Bacall began an off-screen relationship during production and married in 1945, after the film's release. To Have and Have Not was one of the top 10 grossing films of 1944 and received an award from the National Board of Review.

Plot

In the summer of 1940, world-weary Harry Morgan operates a sport-fishing boat, the Queen Conch, in Fort-de-France, on the French colony of Martinique. It is not long since the fall of France and the island is under the heavy-handed control of pro-German Vichy France. Harry makes a modest living chartering out to tourists, crewed by his blithering friend Eddie. Harry affectionately looks after Eddie, a one-time top mate reduced to a rummy by alcohol. The island is a tinderbox of dissent, harboring many people sympathetic to Free France.

Harry's current charter client, Johnson, owes Harry $825. Johnson insists he hasn't enough ready money to square his account, but promises to get the funds when the banks open the next day.

Back at his hotel home Harry is approached by its owner, Gérard (known as "Frenchy" to English speakers), who urges Harry to help the French Resistance by smuggling some people onto the island. Harry steadfastly refuses, choosing to keep out of the current political situation. Also at the hotel, Harry first sees Marie ("Slim") Browning, a young American wanderer who has recently arrived on the plane from Rio. Seeking to avoid the advances of a drunken Johnson she volunteers a duet of "Am I Blue" with pianist Cricket and his ensemble in the hotel bar.

A keen observer, Harry notices Slim pick Johnson's pocket, and follows her to her room directly across the hall from his own. He forces her to hand over the wallet, which is found to contain $1,400 in traveler's cheques and a plane ticket for early the next morning before the banks open. On returning the wallet to Johnson, Harry demands that he sign the traveler's cheques to pay him immediately. Just then a shootout in front of the hotel between police and the Resistance spills over into the bar, and Johnson is killed by a stray bullet. The police take Harry, Slim, and Frenchy for questioning, seizing Johnson's wallet, Harry's passport, and his own money when he proves combative.

Back at the hotel, Gérard offers to hire the now effectively penniless Harry to transport Resistance members Paul de Bursac and his wife Hélène from a nearby islet to Martinique. Harry reluctantly accepts. Meanwhile, a sexually charged romance has been developing between Harry and Slim, who feels Harry is starting to fall for her. Her hopes are shattered when he uses the bulk of the money he earned in transporting the fugitives to buy her a ticket back home to America on the next plane out.

Harry picks up the de Bursacs, but his boat is seen and fired upon by a navy patrol vessel. De Bursac is wounded, but Harry manages to escape and transfer his passengers to a pre-arranged rowboat. When he returns to the hotel, he finds Slim still there, having chosen to stay with him. The de Bursacs are hidden in the basement of the hotel; at Frenchy's request, Harry removes the bullet from Paul's shoulder. He learns the couple have come to Martinique to help a man escape from the penal colony at Devil's Island in order to aid the Free French. De Bursac asks for Harry's assistance in this operation, but Harry respectfully turns him down.

The police return to the hotel and reveal that they recognized Harry's boat the previous night. They also reveal that they have Eddie in custody again, this time withholding liquor from him to get him to reveal the details of the smuggling plot. Cornered in his hotel room by the Vichy authorities, Harry turns the tables, killing one and holding police captain Renard at gunpoint. He forces him to order Eddie's release and sign harbor passes. Harry, Eddie, and Slim then head together for the Queen Conch, with the intention of meeting up with Frenchy and the de Bursacs, to free the man from Devil's Island.

Cast

 * Humphrey Bogart as Harry "Steve" Morgan. A nearly immediate casting choice, Bogart was cast by Warner Bros in early 1943.
 * Walter Brennan as Eddie. Hawks met with Brennan for a pre-production conference in December 1943. Brennan's contract was loaned from Goldwyn for $2,500 per week from March to May 1944 to play Eddie. The agreement included that Brennan's name would appear 60 percent of the size of Bogart's name in the credits.
 * Lauren Bacall as Marie "Slim" Browning. At the time of casting, Bacall was an 18-year-old model. She had appeared on the cover of Harper's Bazaar, and was noticed by Hawks' wife, Nancy "Slim" Keith, who showed the cover photo to her husband. Hawks sought Bacall out in April 1943 and signed her for the role, her first movie appearance. In the film, Harry calls her by the nickname "Slim", and she calls him "Steve", the nicknames used between Keith and Hawks. Hawks shot her screen test with contract player John Ridgely in January 1944. Her screen test was the seduction and "whistle" scene. This scene wasn't originally meant to go in the film, but Jack L. Warner told Hawks that he needed to integrate it into the film, and so it was later adapted into the film. After the screen test, Hawks signed his first personal contract with an unknown actress with Bacall. After she turned nineteen, Hawks changed her name from Betty Perske, using a variation of her mother's maiden name "Bacal" for her new surname. Hawks had to decide whether the love interest in the film would be split between two female actresses or rest alone on Bacall. Warner Bros was uninterested in Hawks using Bacall and required Hawks to screen test some of the studio's actresses such as Dolores Moran and Georgette McKee. After the success of Bacall's screen test, however, Hawks was confident in Bacall and believed he just needed to convince Feldman, Warner, and Bogart. Bacall was offered the part in early 1944, with half of her contract belonging to Hawks, half belonging to Warner.
 * Dolores Moran as Mme Hélène de Bursac. Ann Sheridan was considered for the part of Sylvia/Helen when her character had a larger role in the film. With the part of Sylvia/Helen smaller, Moran was cast as a more voluptuous contrast to slender Bacall.
 * Hoagy Carmichael as Cricket. A prominent songwriter, Carmichael was discovered by Hawks at a party. This was his first credited film role. He had previously appeared in Topper.
 * Sheldon Leonard as Lieutenant Coyo.
 * Walter Surovy as Paul de Bursac.
 * Marcel Dalio as Gérard (Frenchy). French actor Dalio had appeared with Bogart as Emil the Croupier in Casablanca.
 * Walter Sande as Johnson, Harry's inept charter client.
 * Dan Seymour as Capitaine Renard. Seymour who played Abdul in Casablanca signed up to play as a Cuban revolutionary and was shocked to notice his character wasn't in the script. Instead, he was given the role of a Vichy policeman, and Hawks insisted he gain weight (he was 300 pounds at the time) as well as sport a slight French accent.
 * Aldo Nadi as Renard's bodyguard
 * Paul Marion as Beauclère
 * Eugene Borden as Quartermaster
 * Patricia Shay as Mrs. Beauclère
 * Emmett Smith as Bartender
 * Pat West as Bartender
 * Cee Pee Johnson as Drummer at Bar du Zombie (uncredited)

Production
On a ten-day fishing trip, independent director Howard Hawks tried to persuade Ernest Hemingway to write him a script, but Hemingway was not interested in working in Hollywood. Hawks insisted he could make a film from Hemingway's "worst story". Although Hawks had a high regard for Hemingway's works in general, he considered To Have and Have Not a "bunch of junk" and told Hemingway so. Hemingway and Hawks worked on the screenplay during the remainder of the fishing trip. They decided the film would not resemble the novel, but rather would tell the story of how Morgan met Marie. Marie's character was extensively altered for the film.

In May 1939, Hemingway sold the book rights to the Hughes Tool Company, with whom Hawks had connections. Hawks bought the book rights in October 1943, then sold them to Warner Bros. Because the rights to the novel bounced between sellers, Hawks made ten times more money selling the rights than Hemingway did. On learning this, Hemingway reportedly refused to speak to Hawks for "three months". The screenplay for To Have and Have Not bears little resemblance to Hemingway's novel. The only similarities include the title, the name, and a few personality traits of Harry Morgan, the name of Marie, the name of Eddie, and the name and character traits of Johnson. Johnson is the only character that remained the same in the novel, in every revised screenplay, and in the film. The film bears resemblance to only the novel's first four chapters.

Writing
Howard Hawks recruited Jules Furthman to work on the screenplay. Completed on October 12, 1943, the initial screenplay was 207 pages. It resembled the novel more than the final screenplay did. By the end of December, Furthman had completed a revised screenplay with sixty fewer pages. Hawks instructed Furthman to alter Marie's character to be more sultry and masculine like Marlene Dietrich. In the previous version of the script, Bacall's purse was stolen; after the revision, Bacall's character stole the purse. Much of Bacall's character was based on Hawks's wife Slim Keith. Some of her lines reportedly came directly from Keith. According to Keith, Furthman even suggested she ask for script credit. Hawks instructed Furthman to work on the final screenplay and stop writing the second version of the screenplay. The second version had Bacall as a minor character in case she proved to be poor for the role. Furthman worked on the screenplay throughout January and February 1944 and recruited Cleve F. Adams and Whitman Chambers to help him with the work. He completed it before February 14, 1944.

Joseph Breen read the script and cited three dozen instances that violated the Production Code, citing that Morgan was portrayed as an unpunished murderer and the women as suggested prostitutes. He stated that the characters must be softened, the studio must remove all suggestions of inappropriate sexual relations between men and women, and that murder must be made clear to appear as self-defense. As the movie was filmed during World War II, Hawks moved the setting from Cuba to Vichy-controlled Martinique as required by the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs to placate the Roosevelt administration. They objected to the unfavorable portrayal of Cuba's government as against the U.S. government's "Good Neighbor" policy toward Latin American nations. Writer William Faulkner was hired on by Hawks on February 22, 1944, to avoid recounting political conflict between Free France and the Vichy government in the story line and to satisfy the Production Code. It was reportedly Faulkner's idea to change the setting of the film to Martinique, because he had been working on an unproduced story line involving Charles de Gaulle, so he was familiar with the details. Furthman stopped writing after Faulkner was brought on the project.

Faulkner and Hemingway never met, but To Have and Have Not is considered by Charles M. Oliver the best adaptation for film of Hemingway's novels. In order to satisfy the Production Code, Faulkner wrote that every character would sleep in the same hotel, but put Morgan and Marie's bedrooms across from each other to facilitate interactions between them as well as reducing Marie's drinking in the film. He also removed scenes in which Morgan appeared to be a murderer. Other additions included Marie becoming Morgan's sole romantic interest and Helen and her husband becoming fighters for the resistance. Finally, Faulkner made the time frame for the film three days instead of the many months depicted in the novel. Hawks intended to have the screenplay be loosely modeled on Casablanca, which also starred Humphrey Bogart, hoping for the same success Casablanca had met at the box office.

Filming
Production began on February 29, 1944, with only 36 pages of the screenplay written, due to changes required by the Production Code office. Faulkner had very little time in between the rebuilding of sets to continue the screenplay, therefore, each scene was written three days before it was filmed. The final cast reading was done on March 6, 1944, with final script changes finished by April 22. Line by line, Hawks and Bogart changed the script to create a more sexual and comedic film. For example, the line "It's even better when you help" was not originally in the script and was added during filming. After 62 days, filming was completed May 10, 1944. Bogart and Hawks served as their own technical advisers because of their experience with fishing and sailing.

After filming began, a romance developed between Bogart and Bacall, despite Hawks's disapproval. Bogart was married and 45 years old, more than twice Bacall's age. They kept their relationship a secret from Hawks. This romance eventually led to Bogart divorcing Mayo Methot, his third wife. He and Bacall married a year after To Have and Have Not and remained married until Bogart's death in 1957. Hawks expanded Bacall's part to take advantage of the Bogart-Bacall chemistry. According to the documentary, "A Love Story: The Story of To Have and Have Not", included on the 2003 DVD release, Hawks recognized the star-making potential of the film for Bacall. He emphasized her role and downplayed Dolores Moran's role, the film's other female lead. (Hawks and Moran had their own affair during production). Two weeks before the end of production, Bacall was called to Hawks's home. Hawks told her Bogart did not love her, and she was in danger of losing career opportunities. After he threatened to send her to B-list Monogram Pictures, Bacall was very upset. She told Bogart, and he became upset with Hawks. This caused an argument between Hawks and Bogart, stunting production for two weeks. Bogart recognized his power and used negotiation to his advantage. After negotiating with Warner, Bogart received an extra $33,000 salary, as long as Bogart promised to no longer stall production.

Direction
In her autobiography, Lauren Bacall described what she called Hawks's "brilliantly creative work method" on set. She described that every morning on set, Hawks would sit with Bacall, Bogart, and whoever else was in the scene in chairs in a circle as a script girl read the scene. After reading through the scene, Hawks would add sexual dialogue and innuendo between Bacall and Bogart. After Hawks and Bogart felt the changes were adequate, Hawks would add one light on the set and they would go through the scene. Hawks would encourage them to move freely and do what felt comfortable for them. After going through the scenes a few times, cinematographer Sidney Hickox would discuss camera set ups with Hawks.

According to biographer Todd McCarthy, To Have and Have Not is a quintessential Hawks film. It contains classic Hawksian characters such as the strong male and his female counterpart. He also states that although elements of Hemingway, Faulkner, and Casablanca can be found in the film, it represents Hawks's capacity for expression, claiming it is, "beyond doubt, exactly the work its director intended it to be, and would have been nothing like this in the hands of anyone else."

Music
Cricket, the piano player in the hotel bar, was played by the singer-songwriter Hoagy Carmichael. In the course of the movie, Cricket and Slim perform "How Little We Know", by Carmichael and Johnny Mercer, and "Am I Blue?", by Harry Akst and Grant Clarke. Cricket and the band also perform "Hong Kong Blues", by Carmichael and Stanley Adams. "The Rhumba Jumps", by Mercer and Carmichael, is performed by the hotel band. Bacall shimmies out at the end of the movie to a faster "How Little We Know". The song "Baltimore Oriole" was intended to be Bacall's theme for the movie, but was merely added as background music on the soundtrack due to Bacall's vocal inexperience. Background music or nondiegetic music is minimal in the picture. However, the film score including the main title was composed by Franz Waxman. One music cue, 7b, is credited to William Lava on the original cue sheet. William Lava was a music staffer at Warner Bros who regularly contributed additional cues.

According to professor of film studies Ian Brookes, Howard Hawks uses jazz, particularly through interracial performance scenes, to underscore anti-fascism in the story line of the film. A persistent myth is that a teenage Andy Williams, the future singing star, dubbed the singing for Bacall. According to authoritative sources, including Hawks and Bacall, this was not true. Williams and some female singers were tested to dub for Bacall because of fears she lacked the necessary vocal skills. But those fears were overshadowed by the desire to have Bacall do her own singing (perhaps championed by Bogart) despite her less than perfect vocal talent. This myth is disputed in Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide entry for this film, but the myth is propagated in a 1986 episode of MacGyver, entitled "Three for the Road", when the character of a movie veteran asks his wife this particular question, whereupon she answers that Andy Williams, when 14, did dub the voice for Lauren Bacall. Several sources on the film set have stated this myth is false. In fact, Bacall's low singing voice in the film helps her character establish a form of masculine dominance.

Cultural references
In one scene, Marie says to Morgan, "I'm hard to get, Steve. All you have to do is ask me." This quote came from the earlier 1939 Hawks film Only Angels Have Wings in which Jean Arthur says to Cary Grant, "I'm hard to get, Geoff. All you have to do is ask me."

Release
Warner Bros. released To Have and Have Not on October 11, 1944.

Reception
The critical reception of To Have and Have Not at the time of release was mixed and often unflattering. Early publicity and much of the initial reaction focused on Lauren Bacall, either praising her or criticizing her part as merely a gimmick for attention from the press. Some also faulted the film's unfaithfulness to Hemingway, as only the first fifteen minutes resemble his novel. Further, Americans preoccupied with World War II may have had little interest in a hero (Morgan) who consistently rejects commitment and whose only interest in France's cause is financial, to help himself and his girl (Marie). Overall, critics called the film a fast, witty romance whose plot was merely "an excuse for some good scenes". Variety cited its inferiority to Casablanca and other Warner Bros. melodramas, but acknowledged the new film's success in its characterization. Others even considered it a Casablanca remake; Time called it a "tinny romantic melodrama which millions of cinemaddicts have been waiting for ever since Casablanca." New York Variety was more mixed, citing "nifty productional accoutrements" but "too unsteady" a story line. The American film critic James Agee liked the film but felt Going My Way was better, because To Have and Have Not focused too much on "character and atmosphere" rather than on plot. He was far more interested in Bacall's performance than the anti-Fascist themes in the film.

The film was one of the top 10 grossing pictures of 1944. According to Warner Bros records the film earned $3,652,000 ($0 in 2024 terms) domestically and $1,605,000 ($0 in 2024 terms) foreign, coming close to the high earnings of Casablanca.

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, To Have and Have Not has a 94% approval rating based on 36 reviews and an average rating of 8.10/10. The critical consensus states, "With Howard Hawks directing and Bogey and Bacall in front of the cameras, To Have and Have Not benefits from several levels of fine-tuned chemistry—all of which ignite on screen."

Analysis
Screenwriter and film critic Paul Schrader classified the film as noir, made during the first or "wartime" period of film noir. Some other scholars categorize the film as noir, while some don't believe Howard Hawks ever made a true "noir". The names of the characters in To Have and Have Not are directly related to the quality of the characters. Characters that are meant to elicit sympathy from the viewer are known by their nicknames: Steve, Slim, Eddie, Frenchy, and Cricket. In this way, Hawks creates the illusion of a character by devoiding it of past and present social roles that may be associated with a surname. Villains or corrupted characters are called by their surnames such as Johnson.

Anti-fascism
According to English film critic Robin Wood, To Have and Have Not presents "one of the most basic anti-fascist statements the cinema has given us." The film portrays anti-fascist themes common to the time period through its emphasis on individual liberty expressed through Bogart's character and through its representation of people progressing and working together well. When he decides to join the resistance cause, Morgan reasons, "maybe because I like you and maybe because I don't like them." The power of this anti-fascist statement comes because it's instinctive rather than coming from an expected ideology. More generally, Hawks expresses a protest of authoritarianism and infringement of individual rights. Hawks, however, claimed he wasn't interested in politics and the focus of the movie was on the relationship between Bogart and Bacall. Regardless, the anti-fascist themes come through in the relationship between Bogart and Bacall. They represent the individual standing up to those who abuse their power. According to Ian Brookes, during the scene where Bacall sings "Am I Blue?" with Hoagy Carmichael, her low-voice establishes herself as "one of the boys" and thus a "soldier" in the anti-fascist cause. Moreover, during this scene, the patrons at the bar represent different races and are racially integrated throughout the space, challenging the ideas of segregation and race during the time period. The next song, Hong Kong Blues is reminiscent of Django Reinhardt's pre-war version. This represents French resistance spirit as swing music became a symbol of resistance in France, because it was the only available example of American culture in France at the time.

Harry Morgan
A common theme of war films such as To Have and Have Not is the conversion narrative. An individual who originally does not want to be involved in the war effort eventually becomes converted through a changed attitude and accepts their duty as a citizen to participate in the war efforts. Along with Harry Morgan's transformation, the Humphrey Bogart persona changed along the years, making him an important casting decision for the film. Harry Morgan, the fisherman, represents the center of the story line of To Have and Have Not. According to Robin Wood, Harry Morgan represents, at the same time, the personality of Humphrey Bogart and the Hawksian hero. Harry Morgan as a character represents a myth the audience accepts as real such as the heroes of Homer. Morgan represents the heroic ideal. Morgan acts on his own interests, yet is not self-indulgent, minding his "own business". He does good because of the responsibility he feels he has for his personal alliances. Morgan controls and establishes the morality of the film through the distinctness of what one does and what one is. Bogart's character establishes that one's personal identity is not determined by one's actions if they do not allow it to happen. In the film, Slim steals Johnson's wallet. Harry overlooks this to a point because he (Johnson) did not pay Morgan for his services as a boat captain. When they are both approached by Morgan, Slim shows no shame, indicating her morality was not affected by her actions. Johnson, however, shows shame and doesn't receive sympathy because he reveals he is defined by his actions. Bogart's character is direct and blunt, yet makes an effort to not judge a person by their actions. Harry Morgan encompasses the qualities of the "Hawksian" hero due to his personal integrity, and at the same time, could be described as a Hemingway code hero because of his courage and loyalty.

One of the biggest differences between the film and the novel is the resolution of Harry Morgan. In the novel, Morgan is beaten down through the story line and perishes in the end. In the film, however, Morgan ends up a winner. This was specifically altered by Hawks because he did not like stories about "losers".

Legacy
With some regarding To Have and Have Not as one of Hawks's best, the film represents the only time two Nobel Prize winners, Faulkner and Hemingway, worked on the same film story. Some of Bacall's lines became renowned as double entendre; for instance, "You know how to whistle, don't you, Steve? You just put your lips together and ... blow ..." (said while looking at him provocatively). This quote is ranked at #34 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes list. When Humphrey Bogart was buried, Bacall put a gold whistle with the inscription "If you want anything, just whistle" in his coffin, a nod to her line in their first film together.

Influences and adaptations
To Have and Have Not is noted for its similarity to earlier films Casablanca (1942), Morocco (1930), and Across the Pacific (1942). There are some similarities to the plot of the earlier Casablanca, and both stories involve the French Resistance. Other changes from Hemingway tended in the same direction, such as the introduction of a sympathetic piano player as an important supporting character. Carmichael's Cricket was not in the Hemingway book, and parallels Dooley Wilson's Sam in Casablanca. Several cast members from Casablanca also appear in the film; apart from Bogart and Dalio (Emil in Casablanca), Dan Seymour (Abdul in Casablanca) plays Captain Renard, whose name and position resemble Captain Renault in Casablanca. As in Casablanca, Bogart's initially reluctant character assists husband-and-wife Resistance members.

To Have and Have Not was adapted as an hour-long radio play for Lux Radio Theater, with Bogart and Bacall reprising their screen roles. It was broadcast on October 14, 1946.

Warner Brothers adapted the novel a second time with the film The Breaking Point (1950) directed by Michael Curtiz, who was also credited for Casablanca. This screenplay stayed closer to the novel; it bore little resemblance to the 1944 film. Screenwriter Ranald MacDougall and Curtiz were interested in creating a film better modeled after Hemingway's novel. The film did not remotely resemble Casablanca. Despite the film's faithfulness to the novel, it remains less popular than To Have and Have Not, though Hemingway said the remake, "suited him". The film was remade another time in 1958 by director Don Siegel as The Gun Runners. Siegel was reluctant to remake the film, but "needed the money". The film was shot quickly and cheaply. According to author Gene D. Phillips, The Gun Runners was nothing more than a "crass exploitation of the Hemingway book".

In 1956, Warners remade it yet again as an episode of the western TV series Cheyenne entitled "Fury at Rio Hondo." None of the original writers were credited, even though it lifted entire chunks of dialogue from the script.

From 1951 to 1952, Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall participated in a weekly, half-hour radio adventure series called Bold Venture, intended to be a spin-off of To Have and Have Not.

Bacall to Arms is a 1946 Looney Tunes short, spoofing scenes from To Have and Have Not, and featuring "Bogey Gocart" and "Laurie Bee Cool." It is included as a Special Feature on the DVD release of To Have and Have Not.

The "new hat" exchange from To Have and Have Not is directly replicated in the pilot episode of the 2019 Hulu series Reprisal.

Streaming audio

 * To Have and Have Not on Lux Radio Theater: October 14, 1946

title: To Have and Have Not (film)


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Lloyd Mangrum

Lloyd Eugene Mangrum (August 1, 1914 – November 17, 1973) was an American professional golfer. He was known for his smooth swing and his relaxed demeanour on the course, which earned him the nickname "Mr. Icicle."

Early life and family
Mangrum was born on August 1, 1914, in Trenton, Texas, he became a professional golfer at age fifteen, working as an assistant to his brother Ray, the head professional at Cliff-Dale Country Club in Dallas.

Career
Mangrum joined the PGA Tour in 1937 and went on to win 36 events on the Tour. He might have won more if his career had not been interrupted by service in World War II. While serving in the U.S. Army and training for the D-Day landings, Mangrum was offered the professional's job at the Fort Meade golf course in Maryland, which would have kept him out of combat, but he declined. He was awarded two Purple Hearts after being wounded at Normandy and Battle of the Bulge. He was also awarded two Silver and two Bronze Stars while serving in General Patton's Third Army. His best years on tour came after the war: he led the PGA Tour money list in 1951 and won the Vardon Trophy for the lowest scoring average on the tour in both 1951 and 1953.

Mangrum's only major title came at the U.S. Open in 1946, though he was runner-up in three majors and third in six more (including twice losing in the semi-finals in the PGA Championship when it was a match-play event). He lost a playoff for the 1950 U.S. Open at Merion to Ben Hogan and his famous one-iron. Mangrum finished in the top ten at the Masters Tournament ten consecutive years. He shot 64 in the opening round in 1940, a Masters record that stood for 46 years, until Nick Price's 63 in the third round in 1986.

Mangrum played on four Ryder Cup teams in 1947, 1949, 1951, and 1953. On the last occasion, he was a playing captain. He had a record of six wins, two losses, and no ties (.750), including three wins, one loss, and no ties (.750) in singles matches.

Later life
Mangrum died at age 59 in Apple Valley, California in 1973. The cause of death was a heart attack, the 12th he had suffered. Mangrum was called "the forgotten man of golf" by sportswriter Jim Murray. Even though only 12 men have won more PGA Tour events, his reputation has been overshadowed by the other stars of his era who lived long, extraordinary lives such as Sam Snead and fellow Texans Ben Hogan Jimmy Demaret and Byron Nelson. At the 1996 Masters, Nelson conducted a test. "I asked three young pros if they ever heard of Lloyd Mangrum, and they never had." Nelson commented, "Lloyd's the best player who's been forgotten since I've been playing golf." A quarter century after his death, he was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1998.

PGA Tour wins (36)

 * 1940 (1) Thomasville Open
 * 1941 (1) Atlantic City Open
 * 1942 (3) New Orleans Open, Seminole Victory Golf Tournament, Inverness Invitational Four-Ball (with Lawson Little)
 * 1946 (1) U.S. Open
 * 1947 (2) National Capital Open, Albuquerque Open
 * 1948 (7) Bing Crosby Pro-Am, Lower Rio Grande Open, Greater Greensboro Open, Columbus Invitational, All American Open, World Championship of Golf, Utah Open
 * 1949 (4) Los Angeles Open, Tucson Open, Motor City Open (co-winner with Cary Middlecoff), All American Open
 * 1950 (5) Fort Wayne Open, Motor City Open, Eastern Open, Kansas City Open, Palm Beach Round Robin
 * 1951 (4) Los Angeles Open, Tucson Open, Wilmington Azalea Open, St. Paul Open
 * 1952 (2) Phoenix Open, Western Open
 * 1953 (4) Los Angeles Open, Bing Crosby Pro-Am Invitational, Phoenix Open, All American Open
 * 1954 (1) Western Open
 * 1956 (1) Los Angeles Open

Major championship is shown in bold.

Source:

Other wins (9)

 * 1938 Pennsylvania Open Championship
 * 1939 Central New York Open, Santa Anita Open
 * 1940 Santa Anita Open
 * 1946 Argentine Open
 * 1952 California State Open, Philippine Open, Adelaide Advertiser Special Tournament (Australia), Ampol Tournament (Nov)

Source:

Wins (1)
1 Defeated Ghezzi and Nelson in a playoff. All three shot 72 (E) in first 18-hole playoff. Second 18-hole playoff: Mangum 72=144 (E), Ghezzi 73=145 (+1), Nelson 73=145 (+1).

Results timeline
{{legend|lime|Win}} {{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} NT = no tournament CUT = missed the half-way cut R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play "T" indicates a tie for a place

Summary

 * Most consecutive cuts made – 30 (1942 PGA Championship – 1957 Masters)
 * Longest streak of top-10s – 8 (1950 Masters – 1952 U.S. Open)

U.S. national team appearances

 * Ryder Cup: 1947 (winners), 1949 (winners), 1951 (winners), 1953 (winners)
 * Lakes International Cup: 1952 (winners)
 * Hopkins Trophy: 1955 (winners)

title: Lloyd Mangrum


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Talk:TightVNC

Claim of popularity
As much as I hate to do it, I have to remove the claim of "It is one of the more widely used of VNC implementations." I am unable to find any actual research on the matter of popularity between the two software, and my own limited research yields no means of determining actual usage data. Performing a Google search for both "TightVNC" and "RealVNC" (in quotes) yields greater results for RealVNC with 840,000 hits while TightVNC only 527,000 hits. Furthermore, a search for '*VNC "most popular"' and '*VNC "the most popular"' yield conflicting results but with nearly even hits for both, invalidating the usefulness of this search.

As of this writing, the only two popular VNC software are TightVNC and RealVNC, which makes the statement "one of the more" redundant as there are only two currently in any sort of demand. I suppose if you include the countless but useless and obsolete contenders, this would be an accurate statement, but it holds no encyclopedic value.

If it were possible to obtain some sort of client-info data off some vastly popular VNC servers, popularity data may be available, but no such technology exists thus making it impossible to support a claim of popularity. ~ Agvulpine (talk) 00:27, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I only put it in because the notability tag. It is quite ludicrous that one of the top 2 or 3 VNCs should be tagged as non-notable and I wanted to make it clear that this was one of the major ones. The annoying thing is I couldn't find a reference for it. What we need is just one good reference that can kill off the notability tag. The trouble is that I can't find a really good one. TightVNC is so popular that its blog coverage makes it hard to find RS coverage. --DanielRigal (talk) 11:16, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

Portable versions
These are now on the same URL as the others. "Viewer executable, does not require installation" for the viewer, which is what most people think of as the "portable" part. The server/daemon can be run manually from the "Complete set of executables, no installer" download, if someone insists. ;) Fixing the dead link. 50.206.59.42 (talk) 20:10, 9 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:TightVNC


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pro-feminism

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - kept, but needs cleanup - SimonP 23:41, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Pro-feminism
was listed as a copyvio but the author owns the copyright. The article is an essay and not suitable for an encyclopedia. --nixie 10:16, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Essay, FAQ, longwinded platform for a URL link, veers pretty close to nonsense in places. Excerpt: Homophobia leads men to limit their loving and close friends not useful. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:23, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * undecided, clearly needs cleanup to remove pov, etc, and most of the waffle should go (but with the appropriat outlink). I suppose to be a feminist one has to be female, but one can agree with certain tenets of feminism whilst being male. This I think is usually expressed as liberalism, but if anyone can come up with a more specific widely-used term.  The piece's author Mr Flood seems to be the only one who refers to this as "pro-feminism" on the WWW. Dunc|☺ 14:41, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Utterly useless neologism and original research. Therefore it violates the deletion policy.  On the content, all I can say is that it is rambling and a cherry picking of things that bother the author.  There is no such thing as "feminism," as "feminism" refers to not one, but dozens of developments of thought, so there is no such thing as being pro-feminism, for one is always pro- one type/strand of feminism and never all of them.  Geogre 15:29, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Redundant neologism. Peter Isotalo 20:39, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pointless POV essay. Nestea 22:12, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's just an essay with little factual information, and it would be too difficult to salvage what little info there is to make the article a NPOV. MegaSlicer 23:53, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete; It's indeed no more than an essay, not wikified in any way. While its not impossible that an article with this name could be decent, this is not. Deletion is better than stubbing it down. -- Ec5618 12:18, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep Not sure about this one, but I er on the side of caution. POV can be tidied up and a quick google for the turn returns 3k hits, 290 if you search google groups so I'm not sure it does meet the criteria of a neologism. Axon 11:11, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup. Concur with Axon on this. Enough Google hits suggest it doesnt fit into the category of a neologism. Megan1967 03:10, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. The current version has obviously been completely turned around the personal essay discussed earlier. I've heard and seen the term very often (almost invariably in the form and context "pro-feminist men"), and it is subtly but significantly distinct from feminism. Samaritan 12:14, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and continue cleanup efforts. ElBenevolente 18:21, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep some major rewriting of this article combined with Google hits indicates this article should be kept. JamesBurns 10:21, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep rewrite. Leanne 10:27, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but needs heavy editing -- AlexR 10:19, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Isn't a "pro-feminist" just a "feminist" by another (longer, less precise and ultimately redundant) name (cf: "reverse racism")?  Exploding Boy 22:45, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Elmer's Pet Rabbit

Elmer's Pet Rabbit is a 1941 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Chuck Jones. The short was released on January 4, 1941, and features Elmer Fudd and Bugs Bunny.

Plot
Elmer Fudd acquires Bugs Bunny from a pet emporium for a nominal sum. Upon their return home, Elmer constructs a confinement area for Bugs, demonstrating a conscientious regard for the welfare of his new companion. Subsequent scenes depict Elmer endeavoring to accommodate Bugs' dietary preferences, presenting a bowl of vegetables, which elicits an irate response from the tempestuous hare.

As night descends, tensions escalate as Bugs, exhibiting a rebellious streak, usurps Elmer's sleeping quarters. Through a series of disruptive antics, ranging from impromptu dances to thwarted attempts at personal grooming, Bugs exacerbates Elmer's exasperation, culminating in a climactic confrontation.

In a darkened room illuminated by whimsical pyrotechnics, Elmer, driven to frustration, launches a retaliatory assault against Bugs. However, despite Elmer's efforts to expel Bugs from the domicile, the indomitable hare orchestrates a triumphant return, reclaiming dominion over Elmer's sleeping quarters. The battle concludes with a symbolic gesture as Elmer extinguishes the light, signifying the persistence of Bugs' presence within the household despite Elmer's efforts to assert control.

Production notes
This is the first cartoon in which the name Bugs Bunny is given (on a title card, edited onto the end of the opening title following the success of 1940's A Wild Hare), but the rabbit is similar to the prototype version of him seen and heard in Elmer's Candid Camera (though his voice is different) and other prototype-Bugs Bunny shorts. This is Chuck Jones' first cartoon featuring the recognizable Bugs Bunny, and it was written by Rich Hogan. Voices are provided by Mel Blanc and Arthur Q. Bryan. It was produced by Leon Schlesinger.

Music
The music in the cartoon includes a variation on "While Strolling Through the Park One Day," arranged by Carl Stalling, performed by Elmer and the rabbit. Elmer, of course, has trouble with many of the words, due to his "rounded L and R" speech impediment.

Home media
Although the short was included on three VHS compilations in 1985, 1990 and 1999, as well as a 1992 Golden Age of Looney Tunes LaserDisc release, it was not issued again until 2020, when HBO Max included the cartoon in its collection of other Looney Tunes shorts.

It was released on the Looney Tunes Collector's Choice Volume 3 Blu-Ray disc in 2024.

title: Elmer's Pet Rabbit


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Roussette de Savoie AOC

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was: keep. sjorford →•← 13:03, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Roussette de Savoie AOC
Not notable, should be merged with White wine RicKKK 10:16, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Please note that this is not User:RickK. 66.60.159.190 19:49, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep If I'm likely to bump into it in Oddbins, it should be in Wikipedia. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 12:18, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Winemaking region. Gets a fair number of Google hits. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:26, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep all AOC regions. Klonimus 21:39, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (I created this). I know its quite short and stubby at the moment, but the aim was to add more structure to the wine entries by adding comprehensive and complete classifications by country. AOCs are the main classification of wines in France (and many other countries) and are a good basis for adding proper encylcopaedic content rather than random articles. Will finish adding the others soon (about 25% done I think). Justinc 01:14, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable wine variety. Capitalistroadster 01:45, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Paul of Thebes

Paul of Thebes (Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲉ;, Paûlos ho Thēbaîos; ; c. 227 – c. 341), commonly known as Paul the First Hermit or Paul the Anchorite, was an Egyptian saint regarded as the first Christian hermit and grazer, who was claimed to have lived alone in the desert of Thebes, Roman Egypt from the age of sixteen to the age of one hundred and thirteen years old. He was canonized in 491 by Pope Gelasius I, and is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, and Oriental Orthodox Churches.

Legend

The Life of Saint Paul the First Hermit was written in Latin by Jerome, probably in 375–376.

Paul of Thebes was born around 227 in the Thebaid of Egypt. Paul and his married sister lost their parents. In order to obtain Paul's inheritance, his brother-in-law sought to betray him to the persecutors. According to Jerome's Vitae Patrum (Vita Pauli primi eremitae ), Paul fled to the Theban desert as a young man during the persecution of Decius and Valerianus around AD 250.

He lived in the mountains of this desert in a cave near a clear spring and a palm tree, the leaves of which provided him with clothing and the fruit of which provided him with his only source of food until he was 43 years old, when a raven started bringing him half a loaf of bread daily. He would remain in that cave for the rest of his life, almost a hundred years. Paul of Thebes is known to posterity because around the year 342, Anthony the Great was told in a dream about the older hermit's existence, and went to find him.

Jerome related that Anthony the Great and Paul met when the latter was aged 113. They conversed with each other for one day and one night. The Synaxarium shows each saint inviting the other to bless and break the bread, as a token of honor. Paul held one side, putting the other side into the hands of Father Anthony, and soon the bread broke through the middle and each took his part. When Anthony next visited him, Paul was dead. Anthony clothed him in a tunic which was a present from Athanasius of Alexandria and buried him, with two lions helping to dig the grave. Father Anthony returned to his monastery taking with him the robe from Athanasius, woven with palm leaf. He honored the robe so much that he only wore it twice a year: at the Feast of Easter, and at the Pentecost.

Veneration
His feast day is 15 January in the liturgical calendar of the Extraordinary Form of the Catholic Church. Following the reform of the calendar, the feast is now listed as 10 January in the 2004 edition of the Roman Martyrology. The Eastern Orthodox Churches celebrate his feast day on January 15, and on 2 Meshir (9 February) in the Coptic Orthodox Church. Anthony described him as "the first monk".

The Monastery of Saint Paul the Anchorite (Deir Anba Bola) is traditionally believed by Copts to be on the site of the cave where Paul lived and where his remains are kept. The monastery is located in the eastern desert mountains of Egypt near the Red Sea. The Cave Church of Saint Paul marks the spot where Anthony and Paul are believed to have met.

The Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit was founded in Hungary in his honour in the 13th century. He is usually represented with a palm tree, two lions, and a raven. He is also the patron saint of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo and titular of the Cathedral of the said Diocese in San Pablo, Laguna, Philippines.

title: Paul of Thebes