text:
Talk:Elizabeth, Lady Hope

Quote about Darwin
shouldn't we have her quoted reguarding Darwins supposed conversion?

 * the 1915 article included in full is supposed to be a quote from her: see link added for her similar (later) letter.- dave souza 19:21, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Background
Most of the Elizabeth Hope page is dedicated to the The Lady Hope Story because of it's prominence, but sadly a lot of background on the woman and her character, which is vital to the readers perspective of the story, has been omitted.

I found this statement strange after reading further: "The story remains a popular urban legend". Dr Paul Marston's article lists four different sources to back up the link between the Elizabeth Hope and the "The Lady Hope Story", so it certainly appears that the story is a disputed fact at worst; to characterise it as an urban ledgend appears to be a strong POV supporting the Darwin's family denial.

I expect the term "urban legend" refers to the suggestion that he "recanted his theory of evolution on his deathbed, and accepted Jesus Christ as a savior", but after reading the "priginal text of the article", it clearly does not state either.

AFAICS "The Lady Hope Story" is the term given to the interpretation of the letter that implies Darwin recanted. I think the story should be moved onto a separate page so that it does not reflect badly on Lady Hope, who by all accounts appears to have been a good lady and this story was assumed to have been penned by her during her final years. It would be nice for this page to include more biographical content. Jayvdb 05:04, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I am in complete agreement that this page needs more biographical information. However, what she is most famous for is the Darwin story and therefore should stay on this page until the point when (hopefully) we have enough bio data to justify moving it to another page.JoshuaZ 05:40, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Biased overview
The 'Initial overview' section sounds rather biased, with talk of retreats etc. Any idea how to change it? -- Simon Coleman-Smith, Hants, UK
 * First answer is to edit it, as you've done here to make your comment. However the bias has come with recent edits by User:Guillen whose record of POV and poor behaviour is noted at User talk:Guillen, and who added in a lump nicked from CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS & RESEARCH MINISTRY. To restore it, I clicked on the history tab, then clicked on the date before Guillen's edits, clicked on "edit", copied the text from this old edition, then pasted it into the appropriate section having removed the corrupted version. This leaves untouched lots of additional links G seems to have added: it might be worth reviewing whether these should also be removed. ..dave souza, talk 13:28, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Recent additions
Robertwiddowson has added the following unsourced passage (which gives the appearance of having been copied from another source)

 * ''Nonetheless, there are aspects of her account of the event that are difficult to dispute. Lady Hope provides details that accurately describe the room in which they met, Darwin's appearance, and his behavior. In the Bole Letter (Moore, 86), she recalled that the room was large and had a high ceiling, that Darwin wore a purple dressing gown, and that "his fingers twitched nervously" while they spoke. All these details are correct, though they only suggest she may have met with him. The members of the Darwin family who challenged the truthfulness of the Lady Hope story were not living at home at the time of the alleged visit and when her account was published in 1915 everyone who had been an adult at the time and may have provided key testimony to the contrary was deceased (Moore, 97). In Lady Hope's favor, her character has never been seriously impugned. In 1922, some of her U.S. friends wrote an affidavit, upholding her account of the visit. Moore, who has researched the story most thoroughly, believes the meeting did occur, probably on September 28, 1881, but argues against the content of the conversation as reported by Lady Hope. Sir Robert Anderson, who was head of the Criminal Investigation Department of Scotland Yard, was close friends with Lady Hope and, in reference to the visit, wrote, "...a friend of mine who was much with Darwin during his last illness assures me that he expressed the greatest reverence for the scriptures and bore testimony to their value" (Moore, 48).
 * In her account, Lady Hope also stated that Darwin mentioned studying the Letter to the Hebrews. Bowles, following Moore (note 4 to chapter 5--Lady Hope's story, page 131) notes that the only mark in the Darwin family Bible occurs in the margin beside Hebrews, chapter six. Interestingly, this chapter speaks of those who were once close to the gospel but have since fallen away. On its own, the small backward tick proves nothing. However, Darwin did enter university with the intent to become an ordained clergyman in the Church of England but lost his faith in subsequent years. Bowles speculates that Darwin may have made the tick around the time of Lady Hope's alleged visit. Darwin's thoughts, in the final months of his life, may have turned to religion following the death of his older brother, Erasmus (Moore, 56). Until the end, Darwin publicly declared his agnosticism.

The entire passage has an argumentative tone which is unsuitable for an encyclopaedia article. It's full of conjecture. In addition, the inclusion of references suggests that it was copied from another source, making it at worst a copyvio and at best plagiarism. Guettarda 21:20, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

The article itself is more than a little argumentative. I was simply trying to flesh out the story. Interestingly, Lady Hope herself never claimed that Darwin came to faith in Jesus Christ, as is stated at the beginning of the article. User: Robertwiddowson, 5 December 2006

Fair use rationale for Image:Darwin Legend.jpg
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Possible coatrack article?
This article is supposed to be a biography, but most of it is actually about the 'Darwin deathbed confession' story, and its subsequent controversy. That may be what Lady Hope is best known for, but it risks turning this into a coatrack article. Perhaps this section should be spun out into its own article (called Lady Hope story, or whatever), so this article can be kept as a biography. Robofish (talk) 18:45, 22 November 2009 (UTC)
 * The article could use some work, but I don't think it's a coatrack. How does this article differ (except in quality) from E. B. Grandin?--John Foxe (talk) 01:19, 23 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Essentially, Lady Hope story would have the same content, with the sparse biographical details trimmed slightly, and Elizabeth Hope would be a short stub with a link to the story article. Not a big deal either way, most of the articles linking to this page seem to pipe it as Lady Hope Story and if you want to change it, could you please revise the articles so that they link to the story rather than to the bio stub. Thanks, dave souza, talk 10:25, 23 November 2009 (UTC)
 * How about merging the two? For instance, Ethan Smith redirects to View of the Hebrews where Smith's biography is included. In other words, do we need two articles?--John Foxe (talk) 19:30, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

Clarification
The article says, "...Hope told the story of her meeting with Darwin at a Bible conference held in Northfield, Massachusetts". Someone reading this could say, "What would Darwin be doing at a Bible conference?". Does anyone besides me think this should be reworded? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.72.189.69 (talk) 14:18, 17 April 2011 (UTC)

By the way, if you want to search for the exact text, you might try just "Hope told the story of her meeting with Darwin at a Bible conference held in ". The hyperlinks on "Northfield" and "Massachusetts" seem to screw up exact searching. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.72.189.69 (talk) 14:25, 17 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I've tweaked the sentence to eliminate the awkward phrasing. (The same hypothetical reader might also have wondered how Lady Hope could have met with Darwin at a Bible conference "33 years after Darwin's death.")

L.R. Croft
Daniel fabius has several times attempted to add uncited opinions by one Laurie Croft to this article. Croft seems to be an expert in beekeeping, and Elmwood Books does not seem to be a WP:RS.--John Foxe (talk) 02:34, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I refer to the statement 'Croft seems to be an expert in beekeeping' - SO WHAT? As far as I recall Charles Darwin was an expert on EARTHWORMS! Does being an expert on apiculture imply a person cannot also write a biographical study? Dr. L.R. Croft who is quoted in my revision is a retired University of Oxford scientist -albeit he is also an expert on beekeeping. He has published many scientific articles on protein structure (cf. his widely available HANDBOOK OF PROTEIN SEQUENCE ANALYSIS published by John Wiley. He is also a historian of science and is a world authority on the Victorian naturalist P.H.Gosse - and published the first biography of Gosse since that of his son Sir Edmund Gosse. He has also published two books on the Darwin/Lady Hope story. The first was widely reviewed in the UK and is entitled : THE LIFE AND DEATH OF CHARLES DARWIN (see reviews in New Scientist, 13 May 1989, and The Observer, 23 April 1989. The second book is entitled : DARWIN AND LADY HOPE - THE UNTOLD STORY, published June 2012 (see reviews in Church of England Newspaper of 10 June 2012).Daniel fabius (talk) 17:16, 16 June 2012 (UTC)
 * That Croft is an expert in protein sequence analysis makes him no more an expert on Darwin and Lady Hope than does his knowledge of apiculture. Elmwood Books does not seem to be a WP:RS. Is it a vanity press? (I looked for the review in the Church of England Newspaper but couldn't find it.)  In passing, the definitive biography of Philip Henry Gosse is Ann Thwaite, Glimpses of the Wonderful: The Life of Philip Henry Gosse, 1810-1888 (London: Faber & Faber, 2002), a truly exceptional work.--John Foxe (talk) 18:04, 16 June 2012 (UTC)
 * With just the two of us involved, it's possible to get a Third Opinion about the suitability of your attempts to add what seems to me to be promotional material from a non-WP:RS source. If you'd like to go that route, let me know and I'll make application.--John Foxe (talk) 19:29, 16 June 2012 (UTC)
 * In response to the queries of John Foxe:
 * Elmwood Books is an independent publisher founded in 1982. It publishes books on science and natural history. It also includes the imprint 'Old Lancashire Books' which publishes historical fiction. Dr. Croft published his biography of P.H.Gosse TWO years before Ann Thwaite biography of Gosse. He is also the author of the entry on P.H.Gosse in the Dictionary of National Biography published by Oxford University Press. If you have not read Croft's biography of Gosse you are in no position to pass comment. Croft has also published in academic journals relating to the history of science. I think he is qualified to publish on the Darwin/Lady Hope incident.
 * You were unable to locate the review of DARWIN AND LADY HOPE -THE UNTOLD STORY by L.R.Croft which appeared in the Church of England Newspaper edition of 10 June 2012. I suggest you look again. You will find the review on page E7. Daniel fabius (talk) 21:40, 17 June 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Daniel fabius (talk • contribs) 21:36, 17 June 2012 (UTC)
 * At this point I'm unconvinced that the work is peer-reviewed scholarship, although I've read Croft's DNB entry for Gosse and even quoted from it when I dramatically rewrote Gosse's Wikipedia article. I'm also suspicious that your attempt to add an overly long reference here is an attempt at advertising.
 * Here are some possibilities: one is getting the Third Opinion mentioned above, another would be dramatically cutting the citation to Croft's work to eliminate all the quasi-advertising, and a third would be allowing me enough time to read Croft's book myself, comparing it to Moore.
 * (You can sign your posts by typing four tildes.)--John Foxe (talk) 14:43, 18 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Please go ahead and obtain a THIRD OPINION. 86.160.247.198 (talk) 21:15, 18 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree with your suggestion namely obtain a third opinion. Daniel fabius (talk) 21:19, 18 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I'll do that.--John Foxe (talk) 23:05, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

L.R. Croft (2)
Daniel fabius has attempted to add to the article the following paragraph, which I consider promotional. If the book itself lacks credibility as a reliable source, it gains nothing by being mentioned in the Examiner of Launceston, Tasmania.--John Foxe (talk) 15:57, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

More recently Noel Shaw has drawn attention to the recent work of Dr.L.R.Croft, a retired Oxford University biochemist. Shaw reports that Croft has spent some 20 years researching the Darwin/Lady Hope incident and in his book, "Darwin and Lady Hope -The Untold Story" has come to the conclusion that Lady Hope's account of Darwin's conversion was indeed truthful and accurate. The "Church of England Newspaper" has also reported Croft's claims. This report repeats Croft's claim that a great injustice has been done to Lady Hope, and that rather than being dishonest she was a woman of high integrity being admired for this by Lord Shaftesbury and Florence Nightingale. These claims are supported by Croft's research into the background of many of Lady Hope's other published anecdotes, when using the latest available genealogical records they are found to be completely truthful and very accurate. On this basis Croft argues that Lady Hope's claim as to Darwin's conversion is also accurate and truthful and that her account of her meeting with Darwin is without exaggeration or embellishment.

John Foxe has again removed information regarding the results of research carried out by Dr.L.R.Croft, previously of the University of Oxford. He states the Croft's book, "Darwin and Lady Hope - The Untold Story" "lacks credibility". On what grounds has he made this assertion, as he has not yet read the book? It is clear that John Foxe is determined that Croft's findings as to the integrity of Lady Hope and the truth of her claim that Charles Darwin converted to Christianity before he died should not be available to individuals who consult Wikipedia. This fact completely devalues Wikipedia as a source of information.Daniel fabius (talk) 20:15, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I haven't read the book because it's not available to me in the US. (I've ordered a copy from the UK.) From what I can tell at this point, the book lacks credibility because the author is not a historian and there's no evidence that his material has been peer-reviewed. In fact, the author's relationship to the obscure publisher is unclear.--John Foxe (talk) 20:39, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

Proposed move
moved to Elizabeth Cotton, Lady Hope per my understanding of the discussion below. --regentspark (comment) 20:54, 4 September 2012 (UTC)
 * With agreement that we call an RfC to discuss the main issue - see below. Arc de Ciel (talk) 12:54, 5 September 2012 (UTC)

Elizabeth Hope → Lady Hope Story – (proposal was briefly changed to "Darwin deathbed conversion story" then back again). Proposed move per WP:BIO1E. All the sources in the article talk about her in the context of the story, and Google Books "Elizabeth Hope" Cotton (using her maiden name to filter out other results) returns only books written by her. These books do not appear to be notable based on lack of secondary sources. Various other searches, such as filtering based on her dates of birth/death or the title "Lady" instead of her maiden name, and using "-Darwin" where necessary, do not return other results on either Google Books or Google. Arc de Ciel (talk) 16:39, 25 August 2012 (UTC)

Additional comment (added after some of the discussion below). Almost all of the biographical information is sourced to a single book, which according to the discussion above is probably not a reliable source. Arc de Ciel (talk) 08:04, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

 * I have no problem with renaming. --John Foxe (talk) 00:17, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose - sorry but doesn't seem a remotely encyclopedic way of presenting a bio, as musty as her books and life are. And "Lady Hope story" is a little POV, despite the fact that her ever having met Darwin was probably a good Christian lie. In ictu oculi (talk) 03:05, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

 * It wouldn't be a bio - it would be a description of the one event she is known for. This would of course require some restructuring of the article, and I wouldn't mind being the one to do it. The name "Lady Hope story" is the name I've always known it by and is used by reliable sources (e.g. 1 2), but I wouldn't object to "Lady Hope's story," "Darwin deathbed conversion story," etc.

 * New proposal: actually, I think "Darwin deathbed conversion story" is even better. Would anyone prefer that? (Is it possible to change my proposal once it's been made?) Arc de Ciel (talk) 04:19, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
 * It is possible, but still meets with the same problem, this person is still notable for a bio. In ictu oculi (talk) 04:41, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I've changed it. Although I still disagree with your assessment based on my argument above. :-) Arc de Ciel (talk) 04:56, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Sure, and still Oppose ...we'll see what others say, but a bit unusual to reduce a persons life to one muddled anecdote as a 73-year old. In ictu oculi (talk) 05:55, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I added a new comment to my statement at the top. I think it seems unlikely that the book is reliable given the discussion in the section I linked (probably self-published, etc), but I'm willing to ask for input on RSN if anyone thinks that's the wrong conclusion. Arc de Ciel (talk) 08:04, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
 * The proposed title "Darwin deathbed conversion story" has serious difficulties. Let me quote James Moore's Darwin Legend, the best (in fact, only) scholarly treatment of the story: "Darwin does not appear on his deathbed: he is merely resting sometime in the autumn of 1881, about six months before he died.  He does not renounce evolution: he is simply made to express concern...over the fate of his youthful speculations—a characteristic concern, in fact.  Nor does he embrace Christianity: he is only made to speak in favor of a brand of evangelicalism that, as he told Fegan, had 'done more for the village...than all our efforts for many years.'  Although Lady Hope may have taken this to mean that 'the great scientist was a Christian,' as Robertson reported her, the story she finally put in print does not claim anything of the sort."(95)--John Foxe (talk) 18:55, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Good point. How about "Darwin conversion story" or "Darwin 1915 [or 1882] conversion story"? (Or with "Charles Darwin" instead of just "Darwin," since it would be the title.) Arc de Ciel (talk) 19:18, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I think "Lady Hope story" is a better title. It's her tale. And that title also allows us more easily to provide biographical details about this semi-mysterious character. (I mean, doesn't "Lady Hope" sound like a pseudonym?)  It's also interesting that the published story doesn't say that Darwin was converted—which makes calling it a "conversion story" misleading.--John Foxe (talk) 21:04, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. I'm willing to change it back if nobody objects. Arc de Ciel (talk) 00:53, 27 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Changed back. :-) Arc de Ciel (talk) 03:02, 28 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Support. Any title for such an article will have its difficulties—for instance, the article on the "Elvis lives" myth is titled Elvis sightings—but I'm confident more folks will look for this tale under "Lady Hope story" than "Elizabeth Cotton."--John Foxe (talk) 14:26, 31 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Another possibility is to title the article "Elizabeth Cotton, Lady Hope," which would have the advantage of not having to modify the lead and would also catch any googles of "Lady Hope."--John Foxe (talk) 21:20, 31 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I lost this message in my watchlist - thanks! :-) I think that's also better than the current title, but I would still reference WP:BIO1E such that we should refer to the event. Arc de Ciel (talk) 19:25, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I think there's a case to be made that the dear lady is notable enough for a Wiki bio without the Darwin story. After all, she did write 30 books, and regardless of their quality, many of them continue to be available on the used book market; two (including the biography of her father) are in print and available from Amazon.com. I'd be happy to join you in a friendly request for further comment if you're interested.--John Foxe (talk) 20:22, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Sure, I don't mind. How should we phrase the question? - how about "Is Elizabeth Hope notable enough for her own article, and should the article be renamed to "Lady Hope story," "Elizabeth Cotton, Lady Hope" or a different title, per the above discussion?" Although IIRC the questions are supposed to be as simple as possible to get the clearest feedback, so I'm not sure if that's the best. (Actually, another option might be to split the article content between, e.g. Lady Hope story and Elizabeth Cotton, Lady Hope.) Arc de Ciel (talk) 23:11, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I think we agree that the title of the article should not be "Elizabeth Hope." Otherwise, I defer to your judgment about how best to frame the question.  I'd bet the vast majority of folks entering "Lady Hope" in Google are looking for the Darwin story, so I don't think it'd be sensible to split the article.--John Foxe (talk) 14:29, 3 September 2012 (UTC)
 * In that case (if nobody objects), why don't we first move the article to Elizabeth Cotton, Lady Hope? Then the RfC question could be much more straightforward. Arc de Ciel (talk) 00:10, 4 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Sounds good. If the move attracts any attention, so much the better.--John Foxe (talk) 10:33, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

TalkOrigins Archive
I read the piece linked, and there's nothing scholarly about it. It's just a ramble through miscellaneous sources that came to the author's attention. The piece even contains the embarrassing misinformation that Lady Hope told her tale to Dwight L. Moody, who died in 1899, fifteen years before he could have heard it.--John Foxe (talk) 12:43, 28 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Just realized you had removed "called the 'Lady Hope Story'," which was the main reason I had cited it. Self-reverted. :-)
 * Although, why did you remove that statement? I think it's a reasonably common name (especially if it's the best candidate for the new article title), and as I mentioned it's actually the only name I've ever heard it referred to as. (Btw, if you don't object I'll also look up some sources with people claiming that Darwin converted based on the story, since that has definitely happened.) Arc de Ciel (talk) 05:58, 29 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree that it's difficult to come up with a good name for this article. Be glad to have your thoughts.  For what it's worth, I think "Lady Hope story" is a better title than "Elizabeth Hope."  The title of James Moore's book, The Darwin Legend—it has no subtitle—is just too ambiguous.--John Foxe (talk) 14:24, 29 August 2012 (UTC)
 * In that case, perhaps you might make your support of the move more explicit above? :-) Arc de Ciel (talk) 07:21, 31 August 2012 (UTC)

RfC: proposed move

 * ''The following discussion is an archived record of a request for comment. Please do not modify it. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Per the above discussion, should Elizabeth Cotton, Lady Hope be renamed to Lady Hope story? Alternatively, would another title be better? 12:57, 5 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Support move to Lady Hope story: per my statement at the top of the linked discussion, following WP:BIO1E. Very willing to hear other suggestions or arguments. Arc de Ciel (talk) 05:37, 7 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Don't see any sense in the entire article.JSR (talk) 18:31, 8 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Since the article is primarily about the story and her notability largely if not entirely depends on the story, I don't have a difficulty with the move. If she were shown to be sufficiently notable in her own right, there could be two articles but much of the bio is relevant to the story part. The story itself is clearly notable and of historic interest, so an article covering it is appropriate. . dave souza, talk 18:50, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I think Lady Hope has enough notability to go it alone without the story, but at least for me, the issue's no hill to die on.--John Foxe (talk) 20:44, 8 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I think leaving the article as "Elizabeth Cotton, Lady Hope" is fine and I think she has enough notability to have her own bio page. I think that a woman active in the temperance movement who published 30 books on the topic would be notable enough to have her own page even without the Darwin story.  Adam sk (talk) 23:23, 10 September 2012 (UTC)
 * As I said above, none or almost none of the books seem to be notable themselves. Of course, if there are any WP:RS that identify her as e.g. "a leading figure in the temperance movement" (and I spent quite a while looking) that do not use it as background to describe her role in the Darwin story, I'll probably change my position. Arc de Ciel (talk) 05:00, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Comment Firstly. I agree with the foregoing "...leaving the article as "Elizabeth Cotton, Lady Hope" is fine and I think she has enough notability ..." etc though I am glad I never had the pleasure of her acquaintance. Given all that, What on Earth would the change of name accomplish??? Who would ever look up "The Gene Tunney Story" in an encyclopedia? You look up "Gene Tunney"! "Elizabeth Cotton" would be better, but I don't see much harm in "Elizabeth Cotton, Lady Hope" as such. Not that I intend reading it... Either way, I see no reason for two articles about her and her "story". It seems to be well in keeping with the rest of her. JonRichfield (talk) 19:20, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I'd support a move. The change of emphasis - from the individual to the story - is good. Sometimes, composite titles fall foul of WP:COMMONNAME - we have plenty of titles along the lines of "Murder of Jane Randomsurname" even though it gets few or no ghits compared to simply "Jane Randomsurname" - but in this case there do seem to be quite a lot of sources talking about the "Lady Hope story" so there's nothing for me to object to. bobrayner (talk) 21:08, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

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Name
Why is the article titled "Elizabeth Cotton, Lady Hope", since she never used that form for her name or was known by it? She was already a public before her first marriage and published her Coffee book under her maiden name, Cotton. After she married her first husband, she stopped using her maiden name. I was wondering if the form used is acceptable under WP:NCP, since she never combined Cotton and Lady Hope for her name. Libertybison (talk) 07:29, 1 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I think the current name works under WP:NCBRITPEER even if she never used that style herself.--John Foxe (talk) 21:43, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

Lady Hope Redirect
, there is a redirect entitled "Lady Hope" that leads directly to the evangelist Lady Hope's page. This is confusing for people searching for the actress and wife of Lord Francis Hope, May Yohé, especially those people who are more aware of her vaguely through the lore of the Hope Diamond and how it was lost from the Hope family through bankruptcy following their divorce. As far as I can tell those are the only two biographical articles which that phrase could be referring to, so a disambiguation page seems to be out of the question. That makes a hatnote necessary, especially on the evangelist's page, if somebody didn't know Yohe's maiden or stage names, or that she divorced Lord Francis and lost her title, and typed in "Lady Hope" in the search box seeking more biographical information on her. (Which was my situation.) Libertybison (talk) 07:07, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I think that the correct way to deal with this is to make the "Lady Hope" page into a disambiguation page, not to put apparently unrelated hatnotes on the two articles. I created the disambiguation page. Does that solve the problem for you? -- Ssilvers (talk) 16:14, 2 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Yes, it does. Thanks. Libertybison (talk) 16:36, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Elizabeth, Lady Hope


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Category:Radium compounds

List of compounds containing radium.

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Wikipedia talk:Kate's Tool

Creation of Kate's Tool article
Hi! I thought it would be helpful to have an article that links to Kate's Tool. The only way I used to be able to access it was to go to WP:RfA (Requests for Administratorship). I think it's a lot easier to have an article on it. If anyone is opposed to this (or if I'm not supposed to create an article on this), go ahead and remove it. :) Thanks. Flcelloguy 15:51, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I like it, especially the WP:KT shortcut. We all know edit counts don't tell too much, but it is an interesting tool. Incidentally is it broken for everyone or just me. All I get after the upgrade is a blank page for the results. - Taxman Talk June 28, 2005 14:31 (UTC)
 * No longer broken. – ABCD 28 June 2005 20:59 (UTC)
 * The one version still is, but its rather pointless to use compared to the new one. Falphin 28 June 2005 22:16 (UTC)
 * Should we add some more information? Like who is kate, etc?Borisblue 06:41, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yep I think that would be a good idea, I was wondering who Kate was myself. BTW, looks like it's broken again, earlier it had my count stuck at 108 even though I had made edits since then, now I can't get it to come up at all. Columbia 09:19, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * It appears to be fixed now. :) Columbia 07:11, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ditto. I think. I've lost track of my edits, hopefully Kate's device will help me keep track from now on :-) Karmafist 03:58, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Grr... It appears to be broken again. It takes me to the warning message, then when I click "I understand...", it just displays a blank page. --zenohockey 04:24, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Monoskin
Why is this better than a bookmark? I have no idea. :) func (talk) 03:09, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Easier access. I use it. --Blackcap | talk 16:06, September 8, 2005 (UTC)

placing change
i changed the script so that people just copying and pasting the pring to their monobook.js namespace would find Kate apppearing before logout instead of after. the script is misleading to most people... --jonasaurus 01:36, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Is there no way to make it work in other skins? JFW | T@lk  01:47, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Sure, I just added a classic-skin script as an example. There can't really be a universal-skin version of the script, because you have to decide where to place the link, and then parse the page's layout accordingly. If anyone would like to provide me with a skin-type and a location where the link should appear, I can throw a script together for it, though in truth, a bookmark in your browser is still easier. :) Func( t, c, @,) 06:01, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Distinct pages?
This is a beautiful addition. I don't recall ever seeing it before today. Am I mistaken? --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 19:28, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * No, you're not. Kate just added it yesterday. It is a great addition! -- Alex Nisnevich (talk) 21:38, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Portal namespace edits
Kate's Tool is at least at the moment incapable of handling edits to the Portal namespace - they get listed as 'Unknown namespace 100'. - ulayiti (talk)  21:56, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * "Portal talk," I believe, was listed as "Unknown namespace 101," as far as I know. That's changed now, a "Portal" or "Portal talk" edit on en: now reads "enwiki: Portal" or "enwiki: Portal talk." I assume that other laguages have similar listings, such as "gawiki: Portal" or "dewiki: Portal talk." --Blackcap | talk 16:55, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

 * It doesn't seem to be handling them at all, now... I've a few edits in the Portal talk namespace, and they don't show up on the editcounter. Some sort of glitch? Anyone else having this problem? Blackcap | talk 05:26, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
 * This has been taken care of. Blackcap (talk) 08:02, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

New features
Like the new features and layout. Edits/page is an interesting statistic and first edit is really useful. the wub  "?/!"  14:00, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not a very big fan of the new layout, but the features are really nice. Edits/page is good. - ulayiti (talk)   (my RfA)  15:47, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Good job, Kate! :) Tito xd 02:46, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. --Blackcap | talk 16:04, September 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * Have you ever considered adding a "deletion count" as an extra for admins? Just for fun. Maybe a ratio between edits and deletions. Just an idea, not really that important. Thanks.  «» Who ? ¿ ? meta  02:36, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

Use in other wikis
Note that this can be used on other wikis affiliated with Wikipedia (owned by Wikimedia, I guess) such as Commons and Meta. I use this script for both of my accounts over there, and I realized that instead of having it automatically link to an "enwiki" edit count, I could have it automatically link to a Commons edit count or any other kind by changing "enwiki" (in line 19 of the script, the line that reads " a.href = 'http://kohl.wikimedia.org/~kate/cgi-bin/count_edits?dbname=enwiki&user=' + user; ") to whatever wiki I wanted (in this case, "commonswiki" and "metawiki." You can find the proper name by going to Kate's Tool and using the pull-down menu on the right. --Blackcap | talk 07:01, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Note: As far as I can tell, the project namespace, no matter what project you're looking in, will be called "Wikipedia" by Kate's Tool (e.g. if you look for edits at Commons, the "Commons" namespace will read "Wikipedia"). See my Meta edits for an example:. The edits under "Wikipedia" are in fact for "Meta." --Blackcap | talk 18:37, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * This seems to now have been remedied: it now reads "Project" instead of "Wikipedia." --Blackcap | talk 02:09, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * does this work for all other wikis that are using the wikimedia engine? I'm not sure what you mean by 'owned by wikimedia'... If it can work, please explain how! yours in ignorance--Tom Neill 13:13, 6 December 2005 (UTC)
 * What I meant were projects run by Wikimedia, such as Wiktionary, the Commons, Meta, Wikisource, etc. It does not work for wikis that merely use the Wikimedia engine, although I'm sure that it could very easily (the reason it doesn't now is that this is a tool for these projects, and it would be senseless to add every wiki that uses the engine, as they'll be more or less irrelevant to Wikipedia). Blackcap (talk) 07:06, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * For what it's worth, my tool, while slower and with a couple of downsides compared to Kate's, does run on any wikimedia-style wiki as-is. Also, the code is public-domain, so people are free to take it and run it on their own sites.  --Interiot 07:23, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Good to know—you might want to mention that on the tool's page. And by the way, it's been coming in handy lately, so thanks for it! Blackcap (talk) 08:05, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I've gone and added this into the page. Blackcap (talk) 20:39, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Where did my edits go
I just used it and it credited me with 592 which causes me to loose 25 edits. I need to speak to someone about what is causing this before I lose more.Thanks-  Dak ota    t     e   08:11, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * there's a problem with the database on the server it's running on. i'm reloading it at the moment, it should be fine in a day or two.  kate
 * Also, it doesn't count edits on pages that have been deleted. N (t/c) 18:55, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

Improvements
The new Kate's Tool looks great!!!! Thanks, Kate. Tito xd (?!?) 05:36, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Problems?
The new layout and feature (deleted edits) are fantastic. But... some of my edits are missing, and all of my edits in Portal talk are gone (I would imagine the same is true for Portal edits, but since I don't have any, I don't know). For example, I noticed that although my contribs say I have six edits in the Category namespace, KT says I have 3. It's not a big problem, but I figured it's worth noting. --Blackcap | talk 05:57, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
 * where these edits made in the last 3-4 days? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kate (talk • contribs) 06:11, November 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, they were. Does the editcounter not recognize recent edits? Blackcap | talk 15:38, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
 * it should do now... at the time you wrote that it was behind in database replication and was missing a day or two's worth of edits. should be fine now?  kate.
 * Yes, it's perfect now. Thanks a million, Kate, I appreciate it. --Blackcap | talk 16:50, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

Some new features
I like the new features on The Tool. The area where the possible user names come up automagically is great. It is far better than combing through the all users list. Thanks to whomever inserted that. -- LV (Dark Mark)  17:28, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

Excuse me...
Maybe it's not the right place to ask, but I've followed the instructions & I'm under the impression that nothing happened.... Here's my monobook: User:Pv7721/monobook.js. I'm not very Javascript-savvy, so maybe a good samaritean out there will give me a hand or point me into the right direction! :) Thanks! --Vlad 16:17, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Once you add any script to your .css or .js file, you must clear your browser's cache. The instructions for this are at the top of your .css or .js page: if you are using Mozilla/Safari/Konqueror, hold down shift while clicking reload; if Internet Explorer, then Ctrl-F5; if Opera, F5. If that doesn't work, ask me again. Hope that helps, Blackcap (talk) 17:02, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Also note that Kate's Tool is currently down. If your .js file works, you should see a link to Kate's Tool in the upper right-hand corner, but currently the link won't do anything other than display a message saying that Kate's Tool is down. Blackcap (talk) 17:04, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, BlackCap! Yes I'm aware that the tool is down, for some time now! :) And yes I've refreshed my Opera => still nothing... Maybe I did something wrong with the .js? Could you please just have a look? Thanks again! --Vlad 17:38, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure. I can't edit your .js files (only the owner can), so I've copied back the text from my old monobook.js file to WP:KT as last I checked, mt script worked (and I got it from here. I use the standard skin, so I don't need it much anymore). The only difference I can see is the addition of " " between " " and " " (on line 9 of the javascript). Try adding that in: if that doesn't work, copy my .js file into yours. If that doesn't work, I'm lost (sorry!)—I'd check with the fellows over at WikiProject User scripts. Blackcap (talk) 17:54, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I've tried your version, still doesn't seem to do the trick, so I guess I'll abandon here for now! :) I'm sure it is something very trivial that I overlook! :) Thanks for all your help! --Vlad 18:07, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * My pleasure. I notice that on line 19 you have   instead of  . That should be changed... does that help at all? Blackcap (talk) 18:29, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

Kowiki problem
enwiki counter is good!! but kowiki, It is bad...Why? WonYong 00:13, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * What's bad about it? Can you give us a link? Blackcap (talk) (vandalfighters, take a look) 00:18, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

it doesn't work on some asian wikis (ko.. i think ja? not sure off hand) which are served from Yahoo! in Seoul, because these databases aren't available. i'm not really sure how to fix this, so you'll need to just put up with it for now. sorry. k.

Kate's Tool down for many days now
Kate's Tool has been down for quite a while now. Anyone know when it's coming back up? --Ixfd64 02:27, 18 December 2005 (UTC)
 * It's alive and well. It's right here. :) Gflores Talk 02:43, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Awesome! :) --Ixfd64 05:15, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Deleted Edits?
Hi! I'm new to Wikipedia, but I've been having fun with the site over the holiday break. I hope it's appropriate that I ask my question here; it if isn't, I'm thinking someone will gently point me in the right direction.

I found Kate's tool to look at my edit counts. It shows that I have more than a dozen "deleted edits". What is a deleted edit? I assume it's an instance of an edit that I made that was rolled-back by someone else. Are deleted edits bad? I'd like to see which one of my edits were deleted so that I might learn to better serve the community. But that feature has recently been disabled (about a day after I found the tool; bummer!)

Is there a way for me to see my own deleted edits?

Thanks!Mikeblas 06:49, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Deleted edits are typically edits you made to articles, and then the article itself was later deleted. It's not necessarily a good or a bad thing, it depends on the situation (the edits can be you nominating an article for CSD or AfD, that's probably a good thing...  the edits can be from an article you created being CSD'd or AfD'd, that's probably not a bad thing as long as you learn more about policy in the process).  I don't think there's a way to see your own deleted edits outside of eventually becoming an admin.  --Interiot 07:42, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Interiot. I guess part of the problem is that I don't see the deletions in my edit history, even if I'm watching the article.Mikeblas 08:33, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

500 Server Error
Title says all.  Sceptr e  ( Talk  ) 15:27, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, hrm. For now, the same code is running from here okay.  --Interiot 18:06, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The counter seems to be out of sync. I've got about 40 more edits than what it says. Ah well. *tries to stop my editcounitis* Sceptr e  ( Talk  ) 21:31, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

 * please change the email address here... i don't want to receive complaints about yours ;-) k.

--Same I muyst have at least 600 edits but it say that I only have 432 or something --Chazz88 12:42, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

New version
I've updated the tool located at http://tools.wikimedia.de/~interiot/cgi-bin/count_edits. It's now essentially a rewrite of Kate's tool from Python into Perl, so some bugs are expected. If you see any, please let me know at User talk:Interiot.

In terms of future plans, the output currently there is probably almost as much as I can generate for real-time statistics (due to database constraints). In the future, I'll be implementing a second report from the same tool that is cached, and will run slower, but will include everything my original version of the tool included (and more).

And here are some interesting graphs for starters:
 * Ed Poor
 * Jimbo Wales
 * SimonP

--Interiot 04:59, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Script placement
Am I supposed to add  kind of box to put the Kate's Tool part of the script in for my monobook.js page? Or do I just add the script like it is to that page?

Also, what do I do with this section:

--FlyingPenguins 02:41, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

 * No, you don't need that kind of box to place it. Just select all of the text and paste it in, and that'll work fine. There's no need to put up code tags. With your second question, I'm not too sure. But, if you look at the next line,, I'm guessing that you put one of those options where " " is currently. Since the default,  , places the link after the "my contributions" link, my guess is that   puts the link after your watchlist's link,   after your talk page's link, etc. If that doesn't turn out to be the case, then I'd ask the fellows over at WikiProject User scripts. Blackcap (talk) 15:13, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

I finally got the code running, and the "kate" link appears in my personal toolbar. But how do you make the "count" thing appear in a popup like in that first picture on the main article? Meanwhile, could anyone tell me how to clean up the code on my monobook.js page? It's all messy. Please look at my JS page here and see what's wrong. --FlyingPenguins 23:09, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Kate's tool down again?
It might be just for me, but Kate's tool currently has me at 1619 edits, and has had me there for a little while. Copying and pasting all my edits in word and then formatting as a numbered list gives me 1840 edits. Anyone see the same thing happening? Zafiroblue05 04:13, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The toolserver's replication had stopped working while Kate was away. Kate just fixed it, and things should be getting back to normal.  Replication to the toolserver does get behind sometimes, so I put a status thingy at the top of my toolserver page.  When it gets significantly behind like this, it will cause all tools on the toolserver to give reports that lag behind real-time.  --Interiot 04:28, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

For a non-wikimedia wiki?
Is it possible that I could get the source code and/or have it modified so I can use it on my own wiki? --Jediarchives11 01:21, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The source for mine is here:   .  --Interiot 04:27, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Edit counts
The edit count is doing strange things... it hasn't updated for a week and now it has counted about 4 for my last 100 edits. How am I going to get my editcountitis hit now? - Richardcavell 22:43, 21 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Hier oder hier. Or bug de:Benutzer:DaB. to get the enwiki replag lower.  --Interiot 22:52, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

I have the exact same problem. The Republican 19:53, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Replication has been down for a little while. --Interiot 20:51, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Is it still down? And when it comes back up, does it "catch up" what it missed? Unschool 10:35, 15 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, now I see. Nevermind. Unschool 10:38, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

on de:
Can somebody give me a code for the "personal menu link" on the top of the page which works on the German Wikipedia? Thanks, TZM 15:45, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Forget it, I've worked out that I just need to change the "enwiki" in the URL to "dewiki". TZM 08:55, 6 May 2006 (UTC)

Why is it broken right now?
Er...does anyone want to tell me? :( --M1ss1ontomars2k4 | T | C | @ 04:53, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * It doesn't seem to be broken for me. My edits keep going up. --Liface 20:31, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Problems with whitespace
If a user name has whitespace in its name, Kate's Tool says "username not found" (or similar) although the name is found in the (completition) "database". (In my case the name couldn't be auto-completed, maybe then there had been an other result.) -- 212.144.197.56 20:46, 3 June 2006 (UTC) aka Amtiss

In this case it didn't work with "Erichs Rache" from the German Wikipedia. -- 212.144.196.206 19:34, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, now it works (by using "_" instead of one whitespace). Thanks for fixing. -- 141.30.81.159 14:24, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Akrabbim — No matches
When I type my user name, it says there are no matches. I have a (very) limited amount of edits under some of the other english wikis (under the same username), and it works for those. But for some reason it won't work for Wikipedia. Any help? —Akrabbimtalk 16:21, 9 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Enwiki has no data while DaBpunkt is working on fixing the data corruption issues that have snuck in this past month. He believes it will be back and working in hours or a few days at most.  Also see #wikimedia-toolserver for the latest toolserver status.  --Interiot 22:58, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

Problem with Umlaut (German - ä,ö,ü)
Kate's Tool doesn't show the Edits of users with Umlaute in their names, although the names are found in the database (for completing) or even completed. F.e. -Matth%C3%A4us- - but the direct link works. -- Amtiss, SNAFU ? 13:27, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

Down again
Seemed to be working a couple days ago, but down again. --Liface 16:45, 22 June 2006 (UTC)
 * It is now down for more than a week for English Wikipedia edits. -- S iva1979 Talk to me  23:25, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Updated script
As both Kate's and Interiot's edit counters are now seldom updated, I have modified the Monobook script on this page so that there is now an option to decide which edit counter should be used: Kate, Interiot or Interiot's Tool2. This updated script can be found at User:Andrewh/counterLink.js.

As the Tool2 counter is not yet compatible with Internet Explorer, I have made the script so that if Tool2 is chosen and the edit counter link is then clicked in IE, a confirmation message will appear asking the user whether they want to download a compatible browser (Mozilla Firefox). If the user agrees, they will then be taken to http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/ to download the Firefox browser.

Take a look at the script and feel free to suggest any improvements, though I must warn you that I only know simple JavaScript. Andrew (My talk) 14:16, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

Edit count by namespace?
It doesn't look like these tools are updated regularly or anything, but I see people quoting numbers for edit counts by user, often split up by namespace. Off the top of my head, I think this was mentioned in a few RfA discussions. How do people arrive at these numbers? Personally I'd like to know what proportion of my edits are actually in article space. BigNate37T·C 01:39, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Interiot's edit counter lists these, though it's currently like 45 days behind. My Tool2 lists up-to-date numbers (as does Essjay's).  --Interiot 02:58, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Cool, thanks. Say, I know its asking a lot, but is it also possible to count edits from deleted articles? Either way, thanks again—your tool + MS Excel gave me a quick tally and percentage breakdown. BigNate37T·C 03:07, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately it's not possible to do this with Tool2, as there is no on-wiki way to get a list of a person's deleted edits. It might be possible to do that with the toolserver tool, but again, that's old data. --Interiot 04:49, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Redirect?
I think we should just redirect this page to WikiProject_edit_counters. Kate's tool is no longer maintained, and this page doesn't really serve any purpose right now. Borisblue 04:25, 27 September 2006 (UTC)
 * As far as I know, Kate's continues to be maintained... it just doesn't work for en.wikipedia.org right this moment (though it may soon).  And it was the first edit counter, and was the only edit counter for... years I think?  And River/Kate continues to be one of the primary people doing behind-the-scenes work on the toolserver to keep it up and running.  Also, per hit count statistics, a fair number of people use Kate's.  --Interiot 04:47, 27 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Kate's tool is represented at WikiProject_edit_counters; nothing is lost if the page is simply a redirect as Borisblue said. -- Rmrfstar 15:03, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Kate's Tool


text:
Talk:Lingo (programming language)

potential reliable sources
Lingo!, Lingo in a Nutshell, Learning Lingo, etc. Lesser Cartographies (talk) 15:45, 12 August 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lingo (programming language)


text:
User:Dfletch01

Dan Fletcher. Student, University of Washington.

title: User:Dfletch01


text:
Portal:Ukraine/Ukraine news

News from Ukraine  Wikinews on Ukraine — Archive ...
 * Spring 2014 - after the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, and the subsequent Russian military intervention in Ukraine, people are urging: Do not buy Russian goods!

title: Portal:Ukraine/Ukraine news


text:
Category:Radon compounds

List of compounds containing radon.

title: Category:Radon compounds


text:
Health forecasting

Health forecasting is a new health care discipline initiated by the Met Office when Dr William Bird, a GP, became its first clinical director in 2002. It is currently the subject of an innovative project run jointly by the Met Office and the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom.

The natural environment affects human health. There are many cases in which the weather has a direct or indirect effect on the health of an individual. These include:
 * Heat, which can cause up to a 30% increase in mortality amongst the elderly and very young. Prevention can save lives.
 * Cold, which contributes to 30–40 thousand deaths each winter. Prevention consists of keeping active, eating well, dressing up appropriately, especially hat, gloves and coat when outside and keeping the indoor temperature at 21C.
 * Thunderstorms, which can cause asthma epidemics if they occur during high levels of either pollen or fungal spores in the summer.
 * Low boundary layers, which may increase the way viruses are transmitted by increasing the amount of stagnant air.

Health forecasts help professionals and patients know when and where there is a risk of illness. Through this understanding, preventative action can be taken and health care capacity (i.e. hospitals and doctors) managed to reduce illness and death.

The main strand of the health forecasting project is forecasting the risk of exacerbation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD health forecasts are used to drive the provision of anticipatory care to people with COPD, helping them achieve their potential for independence and wellbeing. The service is being run in around 30 primary care trusts with over 20,000 patient registered to receive alerts. In many areas alerts are provided by an automated interactive telephone. Evidence from several evaluations of the service has shown around a 20% reduction in COPD related emergency admissions for practices using the service.

On 26 February 2007, the project won in the Innovative Service Award category at the Health and Social Care Awards 2006. The Health and Social Care Awards are run annually in partnership between the Department of Health and the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement and are the most important opportunity within the NHS and social care to identify, recognise and reward excellence in the provision of care at the front line. The specific award recognises an innovative, new or improved service that is benefiting the delivery of health care for patients, users and carers.

In 2011 the Shanghai Meteorological Service and Shanghai Municipal Public Health Bureau jointly launched a health meteorological service that includes health forecasting for conditions such as colds, asthma, COPD and a heat health warning service. This will be developed based on a considerable amount of research to provide a service to improve healthcare in Shanghai.

title: Health forecasting


text:
Totale's Turns

Totale's Turns (It's Now or Never) is a (mostly) live album by the Fall, released on 5 May 1980.

Recording and release
The first of the band's many live and part-live albums, it was mostly recorded at gigs in the north of England, but the track "New Puritan" was recorded at Mark E. Smith's home and "That Man" is a studio recording, an outtake from the recording sessions for the "Fiery Jack" single.

Rather than record themselves in front of a receptive home crowd, the Fall chose to use recordings made in working men's clubs and other less obvious settings; Side 1 of the album was recorded at a leisure centre near Doncaster while the first two tracks on Side 2 are from a February 1980 gig in Bradford. It is clear on the recording that the reception the band received ranged from indifferent to hostile, the enmity between band and audience evident from Smith's introductory statement "The difference between you and us is that we have brains". Friction within the band is also apparent, with Smith apparently chastising one of the musicians during "No Xmas for John Quays" with "Will you fuckin' get it together instead of showing off".

Smith said of the album in his 2008 book Renegade: "'Nobody wanted to release it, because nobody played the sort of venues that you hear on it – places like Doncaster and Preston. The North was out of bounds; it might as well have been another country. We just pieced a load of tapes together. In the band's eyes it was commercial suicide releasing this dirge; they couldn't see the soul that lay behind it. That's musicians for you.'"

The album was released on 5 May 1980, the band's first release after signing to Rough Trade Records.

Reception
Dave McCullough in Sounds gave the album a five star rating, calling the band "a living reminder of the failure of Punk and the almost solitary exponents of the directions in which it should have gone". Robert Christgau gave the album a B rating, describing himself as "a sucker for the overall sound, maybe even the attitude". AllMusic reviewer Ned Raggett gave the album three stars, stating that it saw the band in "a hilariously aggressive mood", and delivering "some brilliant performances". Martin Longley, in a 1998 review, gave it three stars, calling it "a terse, brittle classic of cranky Mark E. Smith ranting". A 2002 review of the reissued album was given two stars by Marc Savlov in The Austin Chronicle, describing it as "live with God-awful acoustics and utter crap recording that renders it barely there at the best moments". Trouser Press described the album as "Jagged, largely recitative and nearly oblivious to musical convention, Smith's witty repartee carries the show as the band lurches and grunts along noisily."

The album was chosen by Luke Haines in 2011 as one of his favourite thirteen albums.

The album topped the UK Independent Chart in 1980, spending a total of 31 weeks on the chart.

Reissues
The album has been issued on CD several times, in 1992 by Dojo, in 1998 and 2004 by Castle Communications, and in 2017 by Westworld Recordings. The 2004 Castle reissue included the Fall's third Peel session as bonus tracks. It was reissued on vinyl in 2004 by Earmark, and in 2017 by Let Them Eat Vinyl.

Recording notes

 * Tracks 1-6: recorded live at Bircoats Leisure Centre, Doncaster, 27 October 1979
 * Tracks 7 and 8: recorded live at Palm Cove, Bradford, 29 February 1980
 * Track 9: studio outtake from the "Fiery Jack" sessions; recorded in Wales, September 1979
 * Track 10: home demo recording from Mark E. Smith's house in Prestwich
 * Track 11: recorded live at The Warehouse, Preston, 22 November 1979
 * Tracks 12-15: John Peel Session; recorded 16 September 1980

Personnel

 * The Fall

 * Mark E. Smith – vocals
 * Marc Riley – guitar, keyboards
 * Craig Scanlon – guitar
 * Steve Hanley – bass
 * Mike Leigh – drums

 * Additional musicians
 * Paul Hanley – drums (tracks 12-15)

title: Totale's Turns


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Formmail

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete --cesarb 16:30, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Formmail
Delete We don't need an article for every email client, and this article isn't even correct. emacs has an email client, but started out as an editor. (It's like saying it's an experimental computer psychologist because it has Eliza built in). It says it's a frame but clients don't provide framework. Delete this article so that if someone wants they can write a good one. Wikibofh 15:55, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Formmail and Union Cab are additional entries by this user that are currently up for VfD Wikibofh 21:29, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Fair enough, I was torn on whether to VfD this myself. Delete. --W(t) 18:32, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
 * Delete Xcali 19:26, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * A redirect to form letter might be appropriate here, but I'm not sure if it's a common enough way of writing that. Meelar (talk) 21:30, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I've never heard of "Form mail" for a "Form letter". So it would be a redirect of a mis-spelling of a word I've never heard of.  :) Wikibofh 22:57, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: If this article is attempting to describe Matt Wright's, then it's likely that it is a moderately notable subject. FormMail.pl was the first widely-distributed CGI script to allow Web developers to add email-sending features to Web sites ... unfortunately, it also has a long, nasty history of security bugs allowing spammers to abuse any server with it installed, to send spam. If you ever got spam that started with the message "Below is the result of your feedback form", it was sent through an insecure FormMail.pl script. --FOo 03:58, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete is fine; Comment: This article makes no sense and does not accurately describe the FormMail program. I could flesh it out into a real article, complete with information on spin offs, security holes and drop-in replacement options if desired (it has been downloaded a few million times). Not sure if that is appropriate coming from the author of the program.  It would currently be linked to from two other Wikipedia pages which mention the script: Distributed Server Boycott List and E-mail spam. --MattWright 08:37, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Kangaroo (armoured personnel carrier)

A Kangaroo was a Canadian armoured personnel carrier (APC) during the Second World War which was created by converting a tank chassis. Kangaroos were created as an expedient measure "in the field" by the Canadian Army, and were so successful that they were used by other Commonwealth forces, including the British Army.

Their ability to manoeuvre in the field with tanks was a major advantage over earlier designs, and led to the dedicated APC designs that were introduced by almost all armies immediately after the war.

History
The earliest iterations of the Kangaroo were created from M3 and M5 Stuart light tanks to serve as artillery tractors in North Africa campaign in circumstances where Universal Carriers were unavailable. They were effective in their role, but attempts by soldiers to use them as improvised APCs proved ill-advised due to the Stuart's very light armour.

In July 1944, Lieutenant-General Harry Crerar's First Canadian Army was concerned by manpower shortages due to combat losses. While the British and Canadian forces had received some American M3 Half-track APCs, the supply was heavily reduced by this point due to the Americans' own need for them, and Universal Carriers were individually insufficient despite the enormous numbers. However, self-propelled artillery and tanks were currently oversupplied, with a significant number sitting idle not being used. Lieutenant-General Guy Simonds, commander of II Canadian Corps, devised Kangaroos as a field-expedient alternative to purpose-built APCs.

The original Kangaroos were converted from 72 M7 Priest self-propelled guns of three field artillery regiments of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division. The Priests were "defrocked" at the Advanced Workshop Depot under the codename "Kangeroo", removing their 105 mm guns and ammunition stowage, and separating the driver's compartment from the rest of the vehicle. Priests with machine gun turrets retained them, and some that did not already have machine gun mounts had improvised ones fitted. The work was carried out at short notice, the general direction being given on 31 July to be ready by 9 August though official sanction was not given by 21st Army Group until 2 August. An ad hoc depot was set up by Major Wiggan employing the services of British REME and Royal Canadian EME and other Canadian service corps. Extensive supplies of materials including spare engines were provided. Where there was insufficient armour plate, steel was scavenged and a sandwich of metal and sand was used to fill in the gap in the front of the hull where the gun had been.

When the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division was re-equipped with towed Ordnance QF 25-pounder gun-howitzers in late July, the rest of their self-propelled tracked vehicles were stripped of their 105 mm guns and converted to Kangaroos. Later Kangaroos were based on Sherman, Churchill, and obsolete Canadian Ram tanks. The process was broadly similar, with the entire turret removed, ammunition storage removed, bench seats fitted in the turret ring area, and the driver's compartment separated. Hull machine guns were retained, and new machine guns were sometimes fitted to the turret ring. Kangaroos in general were supposed to carry 8 to 12 soldiers, though similar to the practice of troops riding on tanks, it was more common to simply cram as many as could fit without being at risk of falling off.

The Priest Kangaroos were first used on 8 August 1944 south of Caen during Operation Totalize to supplement the half-tracks already available. When re-converted Kangaroos were returned to U.S. custody, other vehicles were pressed into service, the vast majority (some 500) being Rams, which were standing idle after being used as training vehicles when Canadian armoured formations re-equipped with Shermans. The Ram gun tanks were shipped to France and duly converted, deploying piecemeal as they arrived.

While 'debussing' - climbing out of the hull and jumping down, potentially under fire - was challenging, the obvious difficulty of getting into a vehicle that was designed to prevent enemy soldiers climbing onto it was quickly appreciated. Accordingly, climbing rungs were soon added as a field modification that also simplified loading the carrying compartment with ammunition, food and other supplies to troops under fire.

The Ram Kangaroo entered service piecemeal with the Canadians in September 1944, but in December these minor units were combined to form the 1st Canadian Armoured Carrier Regiment (initially the 1st Canadian Armoured Personnel Carrier Regiment), joining the British 49th Armoured Carrier Regiment under the British 79th Armoured Division which was the administrative division for the deployment of the specialized combat support vehicles known as "Hobart's Funnies".

The first operation for the Ram Kangaroo was Operation Astonia, the assault on Le Havre 10-12 September 1944, the last the British 7th Armoured Division's march into Hamburg on 3 May 1945 in the Capture of Hamburg.

In Italy, Sherman III tanks and some Priests were converted for use by the British Eighth Army. Removing the turret of the Sherman and some internal fittings gave room for carrying up to ten troops.

From 1943, Stuart tanks (both M3 and M5) had their turrets removed and seating fitted to carry infantry troops attached to British armoured brigades.

title: Kangaroo (armoured personnel carrier)


text:
Greenbrier River

The Greenbrier River is a tributary of the New River, 162 mi long, in southeastern West Virginia, in the United States. Via the New, Kanawha and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 1656 sqmi. It is one of the longest rivers in West Virginia.

Course
The Greenbrier is formed at Durbin in northern Pocahontas County by the confluence of the East Fork Greenbrier River and the West Fork Greenbrier River, both of which are short streams rising at elevations exceeding 3300 ft and flowing for their entire lengths in northern Pocahontas County. From Durbin the Greenbrier flows generally south-southwest through Pocahontas, Greenbrier and Summers Counties, past several communities including Cass, Marlinton, Hillsboro, Ronceverte, Fort Spring, Alderson, and Hinton, where it flows into the New River.

The river in general flows between the Yew Mountains to the west and Allegheny Mountain to the east.

History
Along most of its course, the Greenbrier accommodated the celebrated Indian warpath known as the Seneca Trail (Great Indian Warpath). From the vicinity of present-day White Sulphur Springs the Trail followed Anthony's Creek down to the Greenbrier near the present Pocahontas-Greenbrier County line. It then ascended the River to the vicinity of Hillsboro and Droop Mountain and made its way through present Pocahontas County by way of future Marlinton, Indian Draft Run, and Edray.

The first permanent white settlers west of the Alleghenies have traditionally been considered to have been two New Englanders: Jacob Marlin and Stephen Sewell, who arrived in the Greenbrier Valley in 1749. They built a cabin together at what would become Marlinton, but after disputing over religion, Sewell moved into a nearby hollowed-out sycamore tree. In 1751, surveyor John Lewis (father of Andrew Lewis) discovered the pair. Sewell eventually settled on the eastern side of Sewell Mountain, near present-day Rainelle. They may well have been the first to settle what was then called the "western waters" — i.e., in the regions where streams flowed westward to the Gulf of Mexico rather than eastward to the Atlantic.

Colonel John Stuart (1749–1823), a Revolutionary War commander and pioneering western Virginia settler, surveyed and settled the Greenbrier Valley and is known locally as the "Father of Greenbrier County". At the age of twenty, Stuart was a member of the 1769 survey by citizens of Augusta County, Virginia, which explored the wilderness of the Greenbrier Valley to the west in preparation for European settlement. The following year he built the first mill in present-day Greenbrier County, at Frankford. In 1774, he led a company of Greenbrier troops in the Battle of Point Pleasant at the confluence of the Kanawha and Ohio Rivers. He was among Lewisburg's first trustees and in 1780 he became Greenbrier County's first clerk, leaving many historic records behind.

Uses
The Greenbrier is the longest untamed (unblocked) river left in the Eastern United States. It is heavily used for recreational pursuits. Its upper reaches flow through the Monongahela National Forest, and it is paralleled for 77 mi by the Greenbrier River Trail, a rail trail which runs between the communities of Cass and North Caldwell.

It has always been a valuable water route, with the majority of the important cities in the watershed being established riverports. The river gives the receiving waters of the New River an estimated 30% of its water volume. Over three-fourths of the watershed is an extensive karstic (cavern system), which supports fine trout fishing, cave exploration and recreation. Many important festivals and public events are held along the river throughout the watershed.

In honor of the river's use in the state's logging history, the West Virginia State Park, Cass Scenic Railroad in Cass has a car called "The Greenbrier River."

Variant names
According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Greenbrier River has also been known historically as:
 * Green Briar River
 * Green Brier River
 * Green Bryar River
 * Greenbriar River
 * O-ne-pa-ke (Lenape for Dark Path)
 * O-ne-pa-ke-cepe (Lenape for Dark Path Water or River)
 * Onepake
 * Riviere de la Ronceverte (River of the Greenbrier)
 * We-o-to-we
 * We-o-to-we-cepe-we
 * Weotowe

Caves and karst
The unique karstlands of the Greenbrier River Valley — underlain by the Greenbrier Limestone Formation — constitute one of the world's densest sinkhole plains, with an average of 18 sinkholes per square kilometer. This green "moonscape" of collapsed craters is a unique problem for development as the ground is prone to subsidization. It is impossible to tell how large a cave system is by looking at the surface, and developers often build their structures too close to the open spaces beneath the ground. There is no current karst protection plan for any of the counties that are involved with this problem.

The aggregated caves and karst of the Greenbrier River Valley are among the world's Top Ten Endangered Karst Ecosystems as listed by the Karst Waters Institute in 2001.

West Virginia State Fossil
American vertebrate paleontology arguably began in the sub-watershed of Second Creek, a Greenbrier tributary. Bones discovered by saltpeter miners in Haynes Cave close to the river in Monroe County were sent to (future President) Thomas Jefferson, who identified them as a previously unknown species. Without a skull for identification purposes, Jefferson used the eight-inch claws as an identifying mark, and named the skeleton, Megalonyx or "Great Claw". Later the bones were positively identified as that of a giant ground sloth. The name "jeffersonii" was later added to it in tribute. For years the sloth was mistakenly thought to be from another cave within the watershed, Organ Cave, but recent research indicates that Haynes Cave was the cave of origin. The Megalonyx jeffersonii is now the state fossil of West Virginia.

West Virginia State Gemstone
The West Virginia state gemstone is also part of the Greenbrier River watershed: The Lithostrotionella, a fossilized form of coral that is found in the Hillsdale Limestone group in Pocahontas and Greenbrier counties. Not an official gemstone, it is a siliceous chalcedony. It is found almost exclusively within Greenbrier and Pocahontas counties.

Ecology
The Greenbrier hosts one of the state's two endemic species of salamanders, the West Virginia spring salamander in Fort Spring. The other salamander, the Cheat Mountain salamander lives in the mountains of the headwaters. The river and surrounding environment are also home to various species of reptiles and amphibians, as well as many avian species, including the American bald eagle. Fish species include smallmouth bass, rock bass, bluegill, carp, catfish, pike, walleye, and muskie.

The candy darter of Knapp Creek (finescale saddled darter) is a survivor to when the Greenbrier followed a more ancient drainage pattern within Teays Valley.

Threats to the Greenbrier
The river is vulnerable to nonpoint source pollution and sediment from timbering and flooding. It has been on the WV List of Impaired Streams since 2006 for the contamination of fecal coliform bacteria. Algae is becoming a known nuisance upon the waters, primarily in warm weather, and there is a need to study how much water can be pulled out of the river to supply the needs of communities in a state that practices little in the way of water conservation, even in times of drought. The West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection and various concerned citizen groups are working to prevent further stresses upon the river.

On December 17, 2009 the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection's James Summers released a report on its findings of algae in West Virginia rivers. The Greenbrier was deemed the most algae-affected river in the state, due to nutrient source tracking. Steps are currently (2009) being made to address this issue.

Additionally, the river is currently threatened by the crossing of the Mountain Valley Pipeline (MVP) at Pence Springs, which received final approvals in 2023 to cross the river after significant opposition from environmental groups. The approval was granted after lobbying by Senator Joe Manchin as a part of his agreement to vote for a U.S. debt ceiling bill that President Joe Biden signed in June, 2023.

Maps
The New River Atlas has successfully mapped the Greenbrier from Ronceverte to Hinton, West Virginia. The Atlas shows the original batteau channels and historic man-made impacts.

title: Greenbrier River


text:
Talk:Brandenburg Concertos

Astonishment over valveless trumpeting
In hope that someone is watching this page, I'll share my doubtfulness regarding the following passage, in the section about the second concerto:

 * Scholars today continue to be astonished that the intended trumpeter (probably the court trumpeter in Cothen, Johann Ludwig Schreiber) was able to handle the rapid passagework while playing an instrument that had no valves.

Astonished? Maybe a few decades ago, but nowadays there are plenty of trumpeters who can handle it on a natural trumpet. I'm not feeling very bold at the moment, but I will remove (or rephrase) this if nobody objects. EldKatt (Talk) 20:40, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

 * (Writing many years in the future). Yes. There is something still a little hey-wow and confused about the writeup on No. 2, but it is much much better than that nonsense! I would like to have a look at what is there now and stop being pompous and try to fix it, but G*d knows if I will ever get round to it. Best to all, DBaK (talk) 09:19, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: No support for move is likely Mike Cline (talk) 16:59, 12 December 2011 (UTC)

Brandenburg concertos → Brandenburg concerti – "Concerti" is the correct plural of concerto. 108.225.117.205 (talk) 02:11, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose - That's correct in Italian, but in English, "concertos" is more common. The vast majority of my books and recordings say "concertos".DavidRF (talk) 02:40, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment WP:Use English. What is the English plural of "concerto" ? Our article on it says the anglicized form is "concertos". 70.24.248.23 (talk) 04:50, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose WP:COMMONNAME. Most people will look for this name. Hasteur (talk) 17:56, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose It's not the original title anyway, so can as well be English, --Gerda Arendt (talk) 20:35, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose WP:COMMONNAME, WP:USEENGLISH and speedy close per WP:SNOW. --Born2cycle (talk) 06:39, 9 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment Brandenburgische Konzerte would make more sense than some Italian word. —Wahoofive (talk) 21:54, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Clarino or clarion
I've never heard of a "clarino". Do the uses of this alleged instrument in the article actually mean "clarion"? 50.193.171.69 (talk) 15:48, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes. "clarino" is one of the many variants of "clarion" included in Clarion_(instrument).  I am not sure which variant should be used where.  It could be that 'clarino' was how Bach spelled it, or it could just be a typo in the wiki-edit.DavidRF (talk) 16:30, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
 * - apparently a blogsite, but quite interesting. Martinevans123 (talk) 19:25, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
 * According to Harvard Dictionary, "clarion" is "an ancient English trumpet" whereas "clarino" was a virtuoso method of trumpet playing in the 17th and 18th centuries which used very high harmonics. (Damn spell-check keeps trying to change it to "clarion") —Wahoofive (talk) 02:13, 10 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry I am a wee bit late to the party but yes – clarino, spelt thus, is pretty normal terminology and can be seen at the top of plenty of mainstream(ish) trumpet parts from back in Them T'Days™. I think it was all neatly resolved with some links and doesn't seem to be a problem any more, if ever it was. Best to all, DBaK (talk) 09:23, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

First public performances?
Is it known by whom,when, and under what circumstances they, or any of them, were first publicly performed after Dehn's rediscovery of them?Delahays (talk) 00:40, 20 November 2017 (UTC)

Plusieurs
Between the lead and the first body paragraph we vary the meaning of plusieurs between several and different. Could we maybe pick one and stick with it? Best to all DBaK (talk) 09:12, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Update: I've gone with several for now, having looked at a dictionary and thought about consistency. I can see that there is room for debate (I'm thinking about the use of "divers" and similar in older Englishes!) but I do think we need the two appearances to use the same word. Best to all, DBaK (talk) 09:44, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brandenburg Concertos


text:
The Eagle of the Ninth

The Eagle of the Ninth is a historical adventure novel for children written by Rosemary Sutcliff and published in 1954. The story is set in Roman Britain in the 2nd century AD, after the building of Hadrian's Wall.

Plot
Discharged because of a battle wound that has left him lame in one leg, a young Roman officer Marcus Flavius Aquila tries to discover the truth about the disappearance of his father's legion in northern Britain. Disguised as a Greek oculist and travelling beyond Hadrian's Wall with his freed ex-slave, the British native hunter Esca, Marcus finds that a demoralized and mutinous Ninth Legion was annihilated by a great rising of the northern tribes. In part, this disgrace was redeemed through a heroic last stand by a small remnant (including Marcus' father) around the legion's eagle standard. Marcus' hope of seeing the lost legion re-established is dashed, but he is able to bring back the gilded bronze eagle so that it can no longer serve as a symbol of Roman defeat – and thus will no longer be a danger to the frontier's security. Rewarded by Rome for his services, he decides to settle as a landowner and farmer in Britain with his British wife, Cottia, and his freed friend, Esca.

Development
The Eagle of the Ninth is one of Sutcliff's earlier books, but may be her best-known title. It is the first in a sequence of novels, followed by The Silver Branch, Frontier Wolf, The Lantern Bearers (which won a Carnegie Medal), Sword at Sunset, Dawn Wind, Sword Song, and The Shield Ring. The sequence loosely traces a family, of the Roman Empire and then of Britain, who inherit an emerald seal ring bearing the insignia of a dolphin. The book has also been published as The Eagle. It has been adapted a few times, most notably as the 2011 film The Eagle.

Historical basis
Sutcliff wrote in a foreword that she created the story from two elements: the disappearance of the Legio IX Hispana (Ninth Legion) from the historical record following an expedition north to deal with Caledonian tribes in 117; and the discovery of a wingless Roman eagle in excavations at Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester). The Museum of Reading, which now houses the Silchester eagle, states that it "is not a legionary eagle but has been immortalized as such by Rosemary Sutcliff". It may originally have formed part of a Jupiter statue in the forum of the Roman town. Sutcliff also assumed that the legion's title of "Hispana" meant that it was raised in Hispania (now Spain and Portugal), but it was probably awarded this title for victories there.

At the time Sutcliff wrote, it was a plausible theory that the unit had been wiped out in Britain during a period of unrest early in the reign of the Emperor Hadrian (AD 117–138). Scholarly opinion now disputes this, for there are extant records that have been interpreted as indicating that detachments of the Ninth Legion were serving on the Rhine frontier later than the year 117, and it has been suggested that it was probably annihilated in the east of the Roman Empire. This in turn is disputed by other historians, who assert that it was indeed destroyed in northern Britain. Sheppard Frere, a Romano-British historian, has concluded that "further evidence is needed before more can be said".

Radio

 * The BBC Home Service produced a radio dramatisation which was first broadcast in six parts in Children's Hour between 27 February and 3 April 1957, repeated between 7 September and 12 October 1958, and later re-edited into a 90-minute radio play version broadcast in June 1963. The adaptation was by Felix Felton who also played the part of Guern the hunter; Marius Goring played Marcus and Martin Starkie Esca. An extract from the fourth movement of Ottorino Respighi's symphonic poem The Pines of Rome was used as the theme music.
 * It was adapted again by the BBC in a full-cast radio drama in 1996 starring Tom Smith.

Television

 * A BBC television series was made of the book in 1977, scripted by Bill Craig, Donald Bull and Arden Winch, and with Anthony Higgins as Marcus Aquila.

Film

 * A film adaptation titled The Eagle was released in 2011, directed by Kevin Macdonald and with Channing Tatum as Marcus Aquila and Jamie Bell as Esca.

title: The Eagle of the Ninth


text:
Valley School

Valley School may refer to:

 * The Valley School, India
 * Valley High School (West Des Moines, Iowa)
 * Valley School (Orderville, Utah), listed on the NRHP in Kane County, Utah

title: Valley School


text: User talk:12.171.160.202

title: User talk:12.171.160.202


text:
List of radio stations in Rhode Island

The following is a list of the FCC-licensed radio stations in the U.S. state of Rhode Island, which can be sorted by their call signs, frequencies, cities of license, licensees, and programming formats.

Defunct

 * WALE
 * WJAR-FM
 * WKFD
 * WPAW
 * WPJB
 * WRJI

title: List of radio stations in Rhode Island


text:
User talk:Druk~enwiki

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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Druk~enwiki


text:
MWM International Motores

International Indústria Automotiva da América do Sul Ltda. is a Brazilian company specialised in the manufacturing of diesel engines for automotive applications. Until 2005, it was known as MWM Motores Diesel Ltda.

History
MWM was founded as Motoren Werke Mannheim AG in Germany in 1922 and established its subsidiary in Brazil in 1953 to circumvent harsh import restrictions and high import tax rates. In 1985 parent company MWM was bought by Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG (KHD) and in March 2005 the subsidiary was sold to Navistar International. Now called "MWM International Ind. de Motores da America do Sul Ltda.", has three manufacturing plants: one in Santo Amaro in São Paulo (headquarters), Canoas in Rio Grande do Sul, and Cordoba in Argentina. MWM is said to have a 36% market share for diesel engines, by number of engines produced.

Engines
MWM engines power the local versions of the Chevrolet Grand Blazer, Nissan Xterra and Ford F250, among others. MWM diesels were also used to power the locally developed Puma trucks.

There is common confusion between 2.8L MWM Sprint and the 2.8L Powerstroke. The first engine is a MWM project with 3 valves per cylinder and overhead camshaft and the second is an evolution of the Land Rover 2.5L diesel, built under licence by Ioschpe-Maxion (then, International Engines, who merged with MWM).

The MWM Sprint has 3 versions: 2.8L and 3.0L 4-cylinders, and a 6-cylinder 4.2L, all of them high speed engines.

Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus have a long relationship with MWM Motores Diesel Ltda. When Volkswagen Trucks and Buses took over Chrysler's Brazilian truck plant in 1980, Volkswagen Group kept the original MWM engines for their new truck ranges. In 1996, Volkswagen Trucks and Buses opened their new Resende plant in Brazil, with the new Modular Consortium system, MWM took charge of the Powertrain line with Resende.

Technological innovations
One technological innovation presented at the congress is the bus equipped with a Diesel + Natural Gas system, strategically displayed to connect Volkswagen Truck and Bus and Delphi Automotive booths. The project was developed by MWM INTERNATIONAL in partnership with these two companies, and is the first diesel-gas system in Brazil. The vehicle is a Volkswagen Truck and Bus, 17 tons, with a 6.10 TCA MWM International engine. The fuel system is electronically controlled to combine diesel and gas.

The bi-fuel is only one of the alternative fuel projects involving MWM International. Another of the company's projects, tests the natural gas + diesel in Acteon 6.12 TCE engine adapted to Otto cycle, and which already presents positive results such as fuel economy and emissions reduction. There are also tests with Biodiesel. In the first semester of 2006, vehicles in this project – a VW 17.210 OD bus equipped with an Acteon electronic engine and two trucks, the VW 8.120 and VW 8.140, exceeded 100,000 kilometers testing.

Company milestones

 * 1953 – Start-up of operations in Brazil;
 * 1995 – Inauguration of Jesus Maria (Córdoba – Argentina) industrial plant;
 * 1995 – Inauguration of Canoas (Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil) industrial plant;
 * 2001 – Launching of the 2.8 litre Sprint Electronic 4.07 TCE engine family;
 * 2004 – Launching of the 4.12 TCE and 6.12 TCE Acteon electronic engine family;
 * 2005 – Launching of the NGD 3.0E electronic engine;
 * 2005 – Production of the 3.0 litre 4.08 TCE Sprint engine;
 * 2005 – Conformation of MWM INTERNATIONAL Motores as a result of the merger of MWM Motores Diesel and International Engines South America;
 * 2005 – MWM (Brazil) was bought by Navistar International in March 2005.
 * 2022 - Tupy S.A. announced the acquisition of 100% of the assets of MWM do Brasil.

title: MWM International Motores


text: User talk:62.254.168.102

title: User talk:62.254.168.102