text:
Star Wars Infinities

Star Wars Infinities is a graphic novel trilogy published by Dark Horse Comics from 2002 to 2004. It tells a non-canon alternate version of each film in the original Star Wars trilogy in which a point of divergence occurs and changes the outcome of the story. Each individual Infinities story is unrelated to the others and is set within the timeline of their original film.

A New Hope
Star Wars Infinities: A New Hope is a 2002 four-part story arc in the Star Wars Infinities series of comic books. It is an extended alternate ending of the 1977 film Star Wars in which Luke Skywalker's proton torpedoes fail to destroy the Death Star.

Synopsis
At the Battle of Yavin, events begin to change when the torpedoes fired by Luke Skywalker experience a technical malfunction and fail to destroy the Death Star, but prevent the complete destruction of Yavin 4. Unable to fire a fully charged shot from the Death Star's superlaser, Governor Tarkin orders the technicians to fire, but the reduced power only nearly levels the Massassi Temple on the moon's surface.

The Imperials send out a wing of TIE Fighters to pick off the remaining members of Red Squadron. Luke, enraged by the failure of the mission and the apparent destruction of Rebel base, turns his fighter to face the TIEs alone. Eventually, Han Solo convinces Luke to flee and the Millennium Falcon jumps into hyperspace with Luke's X-Wing on its tail.

The Rebel forces attempt to flee the Yavin system, but are captured by the Imperials. The Rebel leaders are imprisoned on the Death Star to await execution, but Princess Leia is taken to Coruscant, where she is put under house arrest at the Emperor's residence, the great former Jedi Temple. Once there, Darth Vader subtly begins Leia's conversion to the dark side of the Force.

After the Falcon drops out of hyperspace, Luke and Han argue and Luke accuses Han of having abandoned the Rebellion. Luke pulls out his lightsaber and threatens to kill Han. Obi-Wan Kenobi's ghost then appears and tells Luke that he is moving into the dark side. Obi-Wan then instructs Luke to travel to Dagobah and seek out the Jedi Master Yoda. Han takes Luke to Dagobah, where he begins his training under Yoda's tutelage. Han then leaves with Chewbacca to finish the repairs on the Falcon. While on Dagobah, Luke enters a mysterious cave as part of his training. There, he fights and kills a vision of Darth Vader and is shocked to find Leia's face under the helmet.

Five years later, the Empire celebrates the fifth anniversary of the Rebellion's defeat by renaming the Death Star the Justice Star, which then eclipses Coruscant's sun as a sign of everlasting peace. Now trained in the ways of the Sith, Leia convinces the Emperor to reinstate the Imperial Senate. Han and Chewbacca watch coverage of the celebrations in a bar on Ord Mantell and then board the Falcon and head back to Dagobah.

On Dagobah, Luke's training is nearing completion. The last test is for Luke to re-enter the cave. Luke is again confronted by a vision of Vader but is now able to overcome his fears and completely connect to the Force. Han arrives soon after and informs Luke of Leia's whereabouts. Yoda then reveals to Luke the truth that Leia is really his sister and that Vader is their father.

Luke, Yoda, Han, Chewbacca and R2-D2 then take the Falcon to the Coruscant system. Once there, the Falcon lands on the Justice Star where Yoda and R2-D2 debark. Yoda confronts Tarkin, now an admiral, and takes control of him with a Jedi mind trick.

Chewbacca flies the Falcon to Coruscant, where Luke and Han attempt to infiltrate the Emperor's palace. Once there, Luke and Han defeat a number of red-cloaked Imperial Guards and a reprogrammed, more aggressive C-3PO before confronting the Emperor and his two apprentices, Vader and Leia. At his master's orders, Vader turns his lightsaber over to Leia, who duels with Luke. Luke refuses to kill her and reveals to her that she is his sister. When Leia refuses to kill her brother, the Emperor attacks them both with Force lightning. Vader intervenes to protect Luke and Leia.

Luke, Leia, Han and C-3PO then escape to the Falcon as the Emperor overcomes Vader. Yoda, using R2-D2 to control the Justice Star's orbit, contacts the Emperor and announces that he is coming to see him and will be there soon. The Justice Star crashes into Coruscant, destroying both the planet and the battle station and killing Yoda, Tarkin and the Emperor.

Later, R2-D2's memory is inserted into an identical body. The story ends with Luke and Leia being visited by the ghosts of Obi-Wan, Yoda and Anakin Skywalker during the inaugural celebration of the first Chancellor of the New Republic, Leia, on the planet Naboo.

The Empire Strikes Back
Star Wars Infinities: The Empire Strikes Back is a 2003 four-part story arc in the Star Wars Infinities series of comic books. It is an alternate telling of the 1980 film The Empire Strikes Back in which Luke Skywalker freezes to death during the blizzard on Hoth. The comic is not a direct sequel to Star Wars Infinities: A New Hope, but rather a sequel to the events after the actual film version of A New Hope.

Synopsis
Three years after the Rebels' success at the Battle of Yavin, the Alliance sets up a new base on the remote ice world of Hoth. After escaping from a Wampa ice monster, Luke sees the spirit of Obi-Wan instructing him to go to Dagobah and find the Jedi Master Yoda. Events begin to change when Han's Tauntaun dies before Han can find the missing Luke. Unable to find Luke in time and with no way to keep him warm, Han is unable to save Luke from death by exposure. But before Luke's death, the young Jedi imparts Obi-Wan's message to Han.

Later, during the funeral for Luke, Han tells Leia that he has to go to Dagobah, believing that he is to train as Jedi. Just then, the Empire attacks and the Rebellion starts to evacuate Hoth. The Millennium Falcon, unable to effectively escape the Hoth System due to a malfunctioning hyperdrive, sets a course for Bespin, where Han hopes he can get repairs to the ship. Unbeknownst to Han, Darth Vader has hired a number of bounty hunters to follow the Falcon, including Boba Fett, who follows the Falcon to Bespin.

Upon his arrival at Bespin, Han meets up with his gambling buddy Lando Calrissian. Casually laughing off Han's claim that he's going to become a Jedi, Lando agrees to repair the Falcon's hyperdrive. When Lando returns to his office, he finds Boba Fett sitting at his desk, demanding that Han, Leia, Chewbacca and C-3PO be turned over to him, but what Boba does not know is that they have already arrived (as Han decided not to go into the asteroid field). Fett is led into a trap by Lando and is knocked unconscious after grappling with Han and Chewbacca.

After the repairs are finished and the Falcon leaves Bespin, Lando returns to his office to admire his new desk, which is crafted using Boba Fett now carbonite-encased. However, Vader's ship arrives soon after the Falcon leaves and demands that Lando turn over the Rebels to him. Upon learning that the Falcon has already left, Vader orders the devastating bombardment of Cloud City, killing every inhabitant.

Eventually, the Falcon arrives at Dagobah where Han is surprised that he is not to be trained as a Jedi, but Leia is instead. Yoda tells Leia that Luke was her brother and her father is Darth Vader. Han, determined to settle his debt with Jabba the Hutt, leaves Leia on Dagobah to train with Yoda.

During the next several months, Han gathers together the money he needs to pay off Jabba, Leia trains with great fervor, and Darth Vader continues his search for Luke, not knowing the youth's fate; dismissing rumors that Luke has died, Vader insists that he can still sense Luke's presence.

Eventually, Han, Chewbacca, and C-3PO return to Tatooine to settle Han's debt, but upon their arrival, they are captured by Jabba's thugs and the Falcon is stolen by a bounty hunter. Han and Chewbacca are taken to Jabba's palace where they are forced to do battle with two nexu that Jabba keeps in a pit beneath his audience chamber. Han and Chewbacca are able to escape with R2-D2's help, and the now freed nexu tear through Jabba's palace, destroying everything in sight. In the confusion, Han and Chewbacca are able to board a Hutt shuttlecraft and escape to the docked Falcon in Mos Eisley.

Soon after Han's escape, Vader arrives at Jabba's palace to question him about Han's presence. Jabba says that he does not know where Han is now. Vader recognises C-3PO and demands that his former creation be handed over to him. After returning to his ship, Vader dismantles C-3PO and retrieves Dagobah's location from the droid's memory.

Back on Dagobah, Leia is in the last stages of her training. Yoda sends her on a mission to find a crystal for her lightsaber from a nearby cave. During Leia's absence, Vader arrives and confronts Yoda. Using his connection to the Force, Yoda delves deep into Vader's psyche and confronts the man inside, Anakin Skywalker, who is surrounded by multiple layers of the dark side of the Force. During the mental battle, Leia finds her crystal and receives an image of Vader confronting Yoda. In his mind, Anakin fights off shadows of long-deceased Jedi such as Obi-Wan Kenobi, Mace Windu and Qui-Gon Jinn. During the confrontation, Vader learns of Luke's death. Vader is then able to deliver a fatal blow to Yoda despite the mental link, severing the Jedi's lock on his mind.

Leia then arrives and duels with Vader. Vader offers her the chance to join him and rule the galaxy, but Leia refuses. Before Vader can strike her down, Han and Chewbacca arrive in the Falcon. Han then fires on Vader and kills him. Before Yoda dies, he tells Leia to pass what she has learned on to others. Leia burns her father's body on a funeral pyre before leaving with Han on the Falcon to rejoin the Rebels and save the galaxy.

Return of the Jedi
Star Wars Infinities: Return of the Jedi is a 2004 four-part story arc in the Star Wars Infinities series of comic books. It is an alternate telling of the 1983 film Return of the Jedi in which C-3PO is damaged in Jabba the Hutt's throne room, and there is no one to translate for Jabba and Leia. The comic is not a direct sequel to the previous Infinities stories, but rather a sequel to the events after the actual film versions of A New Hope and The Empire Strikes Back.

Synopsis
Princess Leia, posing as a bounty hunter, infiltrates Jabba's palace in an attempt to rescue Han Solo, who has been frozen in carbonite. During the negotiations, C-3PO is translating for the disguised Leia, until Jabba knocks C-3PO over and the droid is damaged and unable to function. With no translator, Leia is forced to reveal her identity and she threatens Jabba with a thermal detonator, telling him to release Solo.

During the ensuing melee, Leia and Chewbacca chase after Boba Fett, who escapes with Han Solo's carbonite-encased body. Leia fires on Fett but misses and hits the carbonite block's life support control panel. Leia, Chewbacca and a disguised Lando escape from Jabba's palace and reunite with Luke shortly before the thermal detonator goes off, killing everyone within Jabba's palace. Luke promises Leia that he will find Han.

On Dagobah, Yoda, now on his deathbed, senses that he will die before Luke arrives. On Tatooine, Luke is able to get a lead on Boba Fett's whereabouts. Yoda dies on Dagobah; Luke, and the Emperor sense it. The Emperor sends Vader to Dagobah to investigate.

Luke arrives on Dagobah and is greeted by Yoda and Obi-Wan's ghosts. They confirm Vader's claim that he is Luke's father and reveal that Leia is Luke's sister. Realizing that he has to confront Vader on his own, Luke has R2-D2 record a message for Leia and send a message to the Rebellion and takes off from the planet. Just then, a Star Destroyer drops out of hyperspace over Dagobah; when his ship is caught in a tractor beam, Luke has R2-D2 send a second transmission before the Empire has a chance to jam the signal. Luke, captured by Vader, is taken to the second Death Star in orbit over Endor and is brought before the Emperor.

Meanwhile, Boba Fett is holding a meeting with Imperial officials, hoping to sell them Han in his carbonite block. Leia, Chewbacca and Lando track Fett down and interrupt the meeting, and kill Fett in the skirmish. Leia and the others return to the Rebel fleet with Han's frozen body. After thawing out Han from the carbonite, Leia is informed by a medic that the damage to the life support control unit resulted in Han becoming permanently blind. Lando then prepares the Falcon for an assault on the second Death Star, set to commence when the station's energy shield is destroyed by a Rebel unit on Endor's moon.

Before the fleet leaves for Endor, Leia receives Luke's message from R2-D2 which reveals that they are twins and that Vader is their father. A second transmission reveals Luke's subsequent capture and that no rescue attempt is to be made. Leia takes the Slave-1, commandeered after Fett's death, and heads straight to the Death Star to rescue Luke. Han realizes what has happened and asks Lando if he can accompany him and Chewbacca on the Falcon.

Leia arrives at the Death Star, but is soon captured and brought before the Emperor. Meanwhile, the Rebel fleet outside the Death Star engages the Imperial fleet while waiting for the ground assault team to destroy the shield generator. However, the battle between the Rebel and Imperial units on Endor disturbs the Ewoks, causing them to attack both sides.

On the Death Star, Palpatine orders Vader to kill Leia. Luke unleashes his lightsaber and duels with Vader himself. Vader overpowers Luke and the Emperor tells him to join them or die. Leia attempts to intervene, but is subdued by Force Lightning from the Emperor.

Han, despite his blindness, takes Chewbacca's place in the Falcon's gunner turret after Chewbacca is injured. The Falcon flies down to Endor after a Kamikaze Rebel sacrifices himself to destroy the Imperial bunker exposing the shield over the moon, and destroy the shield generator itself, allowing the Rebel fleet in space to enter the half-exposed Death Star. Lando takes the Falcon back to the Death Star to rescue Luke and Leia.

Luke is face-to-face with Vader, and reveals that he and Leia are Vader's children. Vader is stunned by the revelation but declares that it is now too late. Luke and Vader's duel continues. Vader overpowers Luke, at the cost of one of his arms. However, Vader is unable to kill his own children and surrenders; this turns Vader away from the dark side of the Force, and he becomes Anakin Skywalker once again.

During the duel, the Emperor escapes and Luke and Leia carry their wounded father to the Falcon waiting in the docking bay; they escape and the Death Star explodes. Sometime later, on the Rebel flagship, Luke informs Mon Mothma that the Emperor is alive and still a threat. Anakin, a Jedi once more and now clad in a white variation of the life-support suit he wore as Vader, agrees to help the Rebels track down Palpatine.

title: Star Wars Infinities


text:
Talk:Indonesian slang

earlier unsigned comment
In my opinion, the Indonesian slang, as many street languages, has phases and influences. I believe that ProKem existed well before Gaul and perhaps another type of slang existed before that. Even now, there is Gaul, ProKem, and 'Common Slang'. Usage of the language typified the age of the person. Gaul will be spoken by the newer generation, the ProKem by the older, and common slang will be spoken by all.

Common slang is more to the contraction of words (tidak -> nggak-> gak) Prokem will use a different word or take the contraction further (gak-> gara) Gaul uses a completely different word (bencong -> binan). I have no idea on the entymology of this...

First is the original slang from the various dialects that make up Indonesia. Such as from the Javanese insult: "matamu, endasmu" similar to the Batavian "muke-lo". Then from such common insults "Anjing" which later evolved (and softened) by the prokemization to "ja-ing" by inverting letters (much like Pig Latin). "Goblog" -> "blo-on"

Then the 60-70's saw the contraction and acronym phase. Such as the "wakuncar" a contraction from WAKtu KUnjung paCAR (time to visit significant other). The 80's took its cue mostly from Jakarta, which had become the defacto source of "cool" for teens and pop culture. Most notably Radio Prambors, one of the first popular radi stations. Prambors had a radio show called "Catatan si Boy" (Boy's Diary) which truly spread and popularised Jakarta's version of slang (noted as ProKem). Most radio stations across Indonesia created their own version of Catatan si Boy and propagated the Jakarta slang, sometimes intertwined with their own local slang. (Radio Oz of Bandung, Jogja etc). Originally, prokem, was a language used by the underground, the leather jacketed, tough gangs. As usual, wanting to be considered as part of a rebellion or as part of the hormone driven teens, the underground language permeated itu mainstream teen talk.

The 90's still used a form of 'prokem', however it had already evolved from being a language between gangs and rebellious teens, to becoming a mainstream teen language.

The early 00's saw the influx of the "bahasa gaul", absorbing a lot of the language of the transvestites that had been put into the media. During the 80-90-00, it was becomming more and more common to have a cross dresser a-la Ru Paul on a comedy show. Soon the language the cross dresser had became the language that the real transvestites used on the street.

One common thread of the slang through the ages saw no logical steps, no commonality.

What's slang? Some of this is standard usage
Some things described here are standard usage in Indonesian, and I believe would be better placed under the heading Spoken and informal indonesian on the Indonesian language page. E.g. Makasih is equivalent to Thanks.

In particular pakai (use) into pake  - many or most Indonesians pronounce ai at the end of a word as e. In informal settings such as email it may be spelt as it's pronounced - does this qualify as slang. It's common usage - at some point it's so common that it's not appropriate to call it slang (and I think that shouldn't depend on comparisons with the national official standard language and the Kamus Besar Indonesia - which have probably never reflected the way most Indonesians speak). Singkong2005 04:26, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Fixing English
I should say at the outset that I don't know any Indonesian, except a few words.

The information in this article is fascinating, and I read it with interest. Obviously the editors are mostly native Indonesian speakers who really know what they are talking about. This is exactly the kind of expert work Wikipedia needs.

I went through about the first half of the article fixing obvious English grammar errors. Every time I do this I am reminded how hard English is for foreigners, especially little details like when to use "the". Please, Indonesian-speakers, don't let that discourage you from doing more work like this! Please continue to share your expertise about your language, and we silly editors with nothing better to do can come by and put "the" in all the correct places.

(Having said that, I found the section about regional usage in Bali utterly incomprehensible. Can somebody please clarify it?)

Thanks again. I'm adding this article to my watchlist and am looking forward to watching it evolve. ACW 04:41, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Attention: Slang Glossary policy discussion underway
Slang glossaries violate the following policy:

Wikipedia is not a dictionary

Wikipedia is not a dictionary or a usage or jargon guide. Wikipedia articles are not:

 * 1) Dictionary definitions. Because Wikipedia is not a dictionary, please do not create an entry merely to define a term. An article should usually begin with a  good definition; if you come across an article that is nothing more than a definition, see if there is information you can add that would be appropriate for an encyclopedia. An exception to this rule is for articles about the cultural meanings of individual  numbers.
 * 2) Lists of such definitions. There are, however,  disambiguation pages consisting of pointers to other pages; these are used to clarify differing meanings of a word. Wikipedia also includes  glossary pages for various specialized fields.
 * 3) A usage guide or slang and idiom guide. Wikipedia is not in the business of saying how words, idioms, etc. should be used. We aren't teaching people how to talk like a Cockney chimney-sweep. However, it may be important in the context of an encyclopedia article to describe just how a word is used to distinguish among similar, easily confused ideas, as in nation or freedom. In some special cases an article about an essential piece of slang may be appropriate.

Due to the many AfDs which are initiated to enforce this policy and due to the resistance to such deletion by defenders of the glossaries, I have started a discussion at Wikipedia talk:What Wikipedia is not to rewrite the policy in order to solve this problem and to readdress this question: should slang glossaries by allowed on Wikipedia? --List Expert 23:27, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Some items are not slangs
I think we need to clean up those which doesn't belong to everyday slang. Some phrases fell under 'idiom' (two or more indonesian words put together) rather than 'slang' (e.g. mata keranjang), and some other are plain Indonesian words which doesn't necessarily categorized as 'slang'. And most of the terms in the list are borrowed words (like in Javanese for example)

Some slangs are not coherent in terms of the history of the slang. for example, bokap was said to be the contraction of 'boss kakap' while in the middle it was said to be the abbrevation of 'bapak' with an infix '-ok-' and the last two letters are deleted. Which one is true? Bennylin (talk) 16 Oktober 2006

 * Hi there, as with all etymology it can be hard to pin down the true root of the word... I'm inclined to believe that boss kakap post-dated the use of bokap; Indonesians are very fond of deriving false acronyms for words... In future, it would be helpful if you could sign your posts by typing tilde ('~') four times...  Mr john 07:34, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Signature added. Bennylin (talk) 13:06, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

This should really be moved to wikibooks
This is a great resource with lots of useful information, but it's really not a wikipedia article... I would say this article should include a list of commonly used slang forms, possibly split by region e.g. euy particle used in Sundanese speaking areas, Jakarta habit of changing a to e at the end of a word to sound more Betawi, and whatnot, and maybe a few examples. Having hundreds of examples is really not what wikipedia is for, this should be migrated to wikibooks. Mr john 07:30, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Agree. Lacking in source as well. Many of them should be moved to Wiktionary instead. Bennylin (talk) 16:57, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

Why the term "slang"?
This article is about the colloquial dialect of Indonesian. I know it's common for non-linguists worldwide to refer to non-standard dialects in a pejorative manner, e.g. some Arabic speakers also call the colloquial dialect of their native region "slang." But I think it's completely inappropriate for Wikipedia to endorse a negative attitude towards any dialect. Especially given the classist undertones implicit in the popular contempt for this particular dialect, this article shouldn't be using a pejorative term for it. Linguists refer to this dialect as "Colloquial Indonesian," and I believe it should be renamed to reflect that.128.151.113.141 (talk) 06:05, 9 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Apa kabah abang 197.221.253.73 (talk) 06:30, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

The issue of change of information "Miyapa"
Actually, not "Miyapa" = "Mengapa", but "Miyapa" / "Miapa"> "Demi Apa". Because in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta does not mean "Miyapa?" as "Why (Mengapa)?" But "What's sake (Demi Apa)?" and "Ngapa?"> "Why / What (Mengapa / Apa)?" Ajiapriyan (talk) 11:29, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

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Don't mix É with Scwha

 * É (e-acute) /e/ is for letter names, Bé, Cé, Dé, É, etc, and in acronyms PD /pédé/, BT /bété/, btw /bétéwé/, ABG /abégé/, etc. For words based on Javanese, the final 'é' is almost always this letter, never 'è'. For the rule of thumb, open syllable always use e-acute (é).
 * È (e-grave) /ɛ/ is for letter names èF, èL, èM, èN, èR, èS, etc, and in words such as bebek /bɛbɛk/, cewek /cɛwɛk/,
 * Schwa /ə/ sound is for the majority of the words in Indonesian, slang or not. Most of the Indonesian prefix: "me-"/"menge-" (slang: "nge-"), "ke-", "pe-"/"per-", "ber-", "ter-" (slang: "ke-") all uses schwa, never 'è' or 'è'.

If you have any question or confusion, ask first before you introduce mistakes into the articles! Bennylin (talk) 16:53, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Indonesian slang


text:
Ector County Coliseum

The Ector County Coliseum is a 5,131 seat multi-purpose arena in Odessa, Texas.

Tenants
It is home to the Odessa Jackalopes (North American Hockey League), the West Texas Warbirds (Arena Football League), the Sand Hills Rodeo, and the biennial Permian Basin International Oil Show.

Each January the arena hosts a major rodeo, and the animals are kept in a large hall at one end of the arena. This is the same area that, before hockey games, group picnics are served to as many as 500 people.

History
The Coliseum was built in 1954 and was previously the home of the original Odessa Jackalopes team. The Coliseum was the oldest arena still being used for CHL games until the Fort Wayne Komets and their facility, the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum, entered the league in 2010. It was home to the Odessa/West Texas Roughnecks indoor football team from 2004 until the team folded in 2012.

On April 29, 1983 - after rehearsing with new production for several days - the British band Def Leppard launched their first headlining tour at the coliseum.

English heavy rock band Deep Purple played the first-ever US gig of their comeback tour at the venue on Jan 18, 1985.

Elvis Presley played two sold out shows at the coliseum on May 29–30, 1976.

The Professional Bull Riders hosted a Bud Light Cup Series event known as "Top Guns Bull Riding" at the Coliseum annually from 1995 to 2000.

title: Ector County Coliseum


text:
Gear train

A gear train or gear set is a machine element of a mechanical system formed by mounting two or more gears on a frame such that the teeth of the gears engage.

Gear teeth are designed to ensure the pitch circles of engaging gears roll on each other without slipping, providing a smooth transmission of rotation from one gear to the next. Features of gears and gear trains include:

 * The gear ratio of the pitch circles of mating gears defines the speed ratio and the mechanical advantage of the gear set.
 * A planetary gear train provides high gear reduction in a compact package.
 * It is possible to design gear teeth for gears that are non-circular, yet still transmit torque smoothly.
 * The speed ratios of chain and belt drives are computed in the same way as gear ratios. See bicycle gearing.

The transmission of rotation between contacting toothed wheels can be traced back to the Antikythera mechanism of Greece and the south-pointing chariot of China. Illustrations by the Renaissance scientist Georgius Agricola show gear trains with cylindrical teeth. The implementation of the involute tooth yielded a standard gear design that provides a constant speed ratio.

Dimensions and terms
The pitch circle of a given gear is determined by the tangent point contact between two meshing gears; for example, two spur gears mesh together when their pitch circles are tangent, as illustrated.

The pitch diameter $$d$$ is the diameter of a gear's pitch circle, measured through that gear's rotational centerline, and the pitch radius $$r$$ is the radius of the pitch circle. The distance between the rotational centerlines of two meshing gears is equal to the sum of their respective pitch radii.

The circular pitch $$p$$ is the distance, measured along the pitch circle, between one tooth and the corresponding point on an adjacent tooth.

The number of teeth $$N$$ per gear is an integer determined by the pitch circle and circular pitch.

Relationships
The circular pitch $$p$$ of a gear can be defined as the circumference of the pitch circle using its pitch radius $$r$$ divided by the number of teeth $$N$$:
 * $$ p \equiv \frac{2\pi r}{N}$$

The thickness $$t$$ of each tooth, measured through the pitch circle, is equal to the gap between neighboring teeth (also measured through the pitch circle) to ensure the teeth on adjacent gears, cut to the same tooth profile, can mesh without interference. This means the circular pitch $$p$$ is equal to twice the thickness of a tooth,
 * $$ p=2t$$

In the United States, the diametral pitch $$P$$ is the number of teeth on a gear divided by the pitch diameter; for SI countries, the module $$m$$ is the reciprocal of this value. For any gear, the relationship between the number of teeth, diametral pitch or module, and pitch diameter is given by:
 * $$d = \frac{N}{P} = N \cdot m$$

Since the pitch diameter is related to circular pitch as
 * $$d \equiv 2r = \frac{Np}{\pi}$$

this means
 * $$\frac{N}{P} = N \cdot m = \frac{Np}{\pi} $$

Rearranging, we obtain a relationship between diametral pitch and circular pitch:
 * $$P = \frac{1}{m} = \frac{\pi}{p}$$

Gear or speed ratio
For a pair of meshing gears, the angular speed ratio, also known as the gear ratio, can be computed from the ratio of the pitch radii or the ratio of the number of teeth on each gear. Define the angular speed ratio $$R_{AB}$$ of two meshed gears A and B as the ratio of the magnitude of their respective angular velocities:

 * $$ R_{AB} \equiv \frac{|\omega_A|}{|\omega_B|}$$

Here, subscripts are used to designate the gear, so gear A has a radius of $$r_A$$ and angular velocity of $$\omega_A$$ with $$N_A$$ teeth, which meshes with gear B which has corresponding values for radius $$r_B$$, angular velocity $$\omega_B$$, and $$N_B$$ teeth.

When these two gears are meshed and turn without slipping, the velocity $$v$$ of the tangent point where the two pitch circles come in contact is the same on both gears, and is given by:

 * $$ v = | r_A \omega_A | = | r_B \omega_B |$$

Rearranging, the ratio of angular velocity magnitudes is the inverse of the ratio of pitch circle radii:

 * $$ \frac{|\omega_A|}{|\omega_B|} = \frac{r_B}{r_A} $$

Therefore, the angular speed ratio can be determined from the respective pitch radii:
 * $$ R_{AB} \equiv \left| \frac{\omega_A}{\omega_B} \right| = \frac{r_B}{r_A}$$

For example, if gear A has a pitch circle radius of 1 in and gear B has a pitch circle radius of 2 in, the angular speed ratio $$ R_{AB} $$ is 2, which is sometimes written as 2:1. Gear A turns at twice the speed of gear B. For every complete revolution of gear A (360°), gear B makes half a revolution (180°).

In addition, consider that in order to mesh smoothly and turn without slipping, these two gears A and B must have compatible teeth. Given the same tooth and gap widths, they also must have the same circular pitch $$p$$, which means

 * $$ p_A = p_B $$ or, equivalently $$ \frac{2\pi r_A}{N_A} = \frac{2\pi r_B}{N_B} $$

This equation can be rearranged to show the ratio of the pitch circle radii of two meshing gears is equal to the ratio of their number of teeth:
 * $$ \frac{r_B}{r_A} = \frac{N_B}{N_A}$$

Since the angular speed ratio $$R_{AB}$$ depends on the ratio of pitch circle radii, it is equivalently determined by the ratio of the number of teeth:

 * $$ R_{AB} \equiv \frac{|\omega_A|}{|\omega_B|} = \frac{r_B}{r_A} = \frac{N_B}{N_A}$$

In other words, the [angular] speed ratio is inversely proportional to the radius of the pitch circle and the number of teeth of gear A, and directly proportional to the same values for gear B.

Torque ratio analysis using virtual work
The gear ratio also determines the transmitted torque. The torque ratio $$ {\mathrm{TR}}_{AB} $$ of the gear train is defined as the ratio of its output torque to its input torque. Using the principle of virtual work, the gear train's torque ratio is equal to the gear ratio, or speed ratio, of the gear train. Again, assume we have two gears A and B, with subscripts designating each gear and gear A serving as the input gear.

 * $$ {\mathrm{TR}}_{AB} \equiv \frac{T_B}{T_A} $$

For this analysis, consider a gear train that has one degree of freedom, which means the angular rotation of all the gears in the gear train are defined by the angle of the input gear. The input torque $$ T_A $$ acting on the input gear A is transformed by the gear train into the output torque $$ T_B $$ exerted by the output gear B.

Let $$R_{AB}$$ be the speed ratio, then by definition
 * $$ R_{AB} \equiv \frac{|\omega_A|}{|\omega_B|} $$

Assuming the gears are rigid and there are no losses in the engagement of the gear teeth, then the principle of virtual work can be used to analyze the static equilibrium of the gear train. Because there is a single degree of freedom, the angle θ of the input gear completely determines the angle of the output gear and serves as the generalized coordinate of the gear train.
 * $$ \frac{d\theta}{dt} = \omega_A $$

The speed ratio $$R_{AB}$$ of the gear train can be rearranged to give the magnitude of angular velocity of the output gear in terms of the input gear velocity.
 * $$ |\omega_B| = \frac{|\omega_A|}{R_{AB}} $$

Rewriting in terms of a common angular velocity,

 * $$ \omega_A = \omega, \quad \omega_B = \omega/R_{AB}\!$$

The principle of virtual work states the input force on gear A and the output force on gear B using applied torques will sum to zero:
 * $$ F_\theta = T_A  \frac{\partial\omega_A}{\partial\omega} - T_B \frac{\partial \omega_B}{\partial\omega}= T_A - T_B/R_{AB} = 0.$$

This can be rearranged to:
 * $$ R_{AB} = \frac{T_B}{T_A}$$

Since $$ R_{AB}$$ is the gear ratio of the gear train, the input torque $$T_A$$ applied to the input gear A and the output torque $$T_B$$ on the output gear B are related by the same gear or speed ratio.

Mechanical advantage
The torque ratio of a gear train is also known as its mechanical advantage; as demonstrated, the gear ratio and speed ratio of a gear train also give its mechanical advantage.
 * $$ \mathrm{MA} \equiv \frac{T_B}{T_A} = R_{AB} $$

The mechanical advantage $$\mathrm{MA}$$ of a pair of meshing gears for which the input gear A has $$N_A$$ teeth and the output gear B has $$N_B$$ teeth is given by
 * $$ \mathrm{MA} = R_{AB} = \left| \frac{\omega_A}{\omega_B} \right| = \frac{N_B}{N_A}$$

This shows that if the output gear B has more teeth than the input gear A, then the gear train amplifies the input torque. In this case, the gear train is called a speed reducer and since the output gear must have more teeth than the input gear, the speed reducer amplifies the input torque. When the input gear rotates faster than the output gear, then the gear train amplifies the input torque. Conversely, if the output gear has fewer teeth than the input gear, then the gear train reduces the input torque; in other words, when the input gear rotates slower than the output gear, the gear train reduces the input torque.

Hunting and non-hunting gear sets
A hunting gear set is a set of gears where the gear teeth counts are relatively prime on each gear in an interfacing pair. Since the number of teeth on each gear have no common factors, then any tooth on one of the gears will come into contact with every tooth on the other gear before encountering the same tooth again. This results in less wear and longer life of the mechanical parts. A non-hunting gear set is one where the teeth counts are insufficiently prime. In this case, some particular gear teeth will come into contact with particular opposing gear teeth more times than others, resulting in more wear on some teeth than others.

Gear trains with two gears
The simplest example of a gear train has two gears. The input gear (also known as the drive gear or driver) transmits power to the output gear (also known as the driven gear). The input gear will typically be connected to a power source, such as a motor or engine. In such an example, the output of torque and rotational speed from the output (driven) gear depend on the ratio of the dimensions of the two gears or the ratio of the tooth counts.

Idler gears
In a sequence of gears chained together, the ratio depends only on the number of teeth on the first and last gear. The intermediate gears, regardless of their size, do not alter the overall gear ratio of the chain. However, the addition of each intermediate gear reverses the direction of rotation of the final gear.

An intermediate gear which does not drive a shaft to perform any work is called an idler gear. Sometimes, a single idler gear is used to reverse the direction, in which case it may be referred to as a reverse idler. For instance, the typical automobile manual transmission engages reverse gear by means of inserting a reverse idler between two gears.

Idler gears can also transmit rotation among distant shafts in situations where it would be impractical to simply make the distant gears larger to bring them together. Not only do larger gears occupy more space, the mass and rotational inertia (moment of inertia) of a gear is proportional to the square of its radius. Instead of idler gears, a toothed belt or chain can be used to transmit torque over distance.

Formula
If a simple gear train has three gears, such that the input gear A meshes with an intermediate gear I which in turn meshes with the output gear B, then the pitch circle of the intermediate gear rolls without slipping on both the pitch circles of the input and output gears. This yields the two relations
 * $$ \frac{|\omega_A|}{|\omega_I|} = \frac{N_I}{N_A}, \quad \frac{|\omega_I|}{|\omega_B|} = \frac{N_B}{N_I}.$$

The speed ratio of the overall gear train is obtained by multiplying these two equations for each pair (A/I and I/B) to obtain
 * $$ R = \frac{|\omega_A|}{|\omega_B|} = \frac{N_B}{N_A}.$$

This is because the number of idler gear teeth $$N_I$$ cancels out when the gear ratios of the two subsets are multiplied:
 * $$R_{final} = R_{AI} \cdot R_{IB}$$
 * $$ = \left( \frac{N_I}{N_A} \right) \cdot \left( \frac{N_B}{N_I} \right) = \left( \frac{N_B}{N_A} \right)$$

Notice that this gear ratio is exactly the same as for the case when the gears A and B engage directly. The intermediate gear provides spacing but does not affect the gear ratio. For this reason it is called an idler gear. The same gear ratio is obtained for a sequence of idler gears and hence an idler gear is used to provide the same direction to rotate the driver and driven gear. If the driver gear moves in the clockwise direction, then the driven gear also moves in the clockwise direction with the help of the idler gear.

Example
In the photo, assume the smallest gear (Gear A, in the lower right corner) is connected to the motor, which makes it the drive gear or input gear. The somewhat larger gear in the middle (Gear I) is called an idler gear. It is not connected directly to either the motor or the output shaft and only transmits power between the input and output gears. There is a third gear (Gear B) partially shown in the upper-right corner of the photo. Assuming that gear is connected to the machine's output shaft, it is the output or driven gear.

Considering only gears A and I, the gear ratio between the idler and the input gear can be calculated as if the idler gear was the output gear. The input gear A in this two-gear subset has 13 teeth ($$N_A$$) and the idler gear I has 21 teeth ($$N_I$$). Therefore, the gear ratio for this subset $$R_{AI}$$ is
 * $$R_{AI} = \frac{N_I}{N_A} = \frac{21}{13}$$

This is approximately 1.62 or 1.62:1. At this ratio, it means the drive gear (A) must make 1.62 revolutions to turn the output gear (I) once. It also means that for every one revolution of the driver (A), the output gear (I) has made $13/21$ = $1/undefined$, or 0.62, revolutions. The larger gear (I) turns slower.

The third gear in the picture (B) has $$N_B = 42$$ teeth. Now consider the gear ratio for the subset consisting of gears I and B, with the idler gear I serving as the input and third gear B serving as the output. The gear ratio between the idler (I) and third gear (B) $$R_{IB}$$ is thus
 * $$R_{IB} = \frac{N_B}{N_I} = \frac{42}{21}$$

or 2:1.

The final gear ratio of the compound system is 1.62×2≈3.23. For every 3.23 revolutions of the smallest gear A, the largest gear B turns one revolution, or for every one revolution of the smallest gear A, the largest gear B turns 0.31 (1/3.23) revolution, a total reduction of about 1:3.23 (Gear Reduction Ratio (GRR) = 1/Gear Ratio (GR)).

Since the idler gear I contacts directly both the smaller gear A and the larger gear B, it can be removed from the calculation, also giving a ratio of 42/13≈3.23. The idler gear serves to make both the drive gear and the driven gear rotate in the same direction, but confers no mechanical advantage.

Double reduction gear
A double reduction gear set comprises two pairs of gears, each individually single reductions, in series. In the diagram, the red and blue gears give the first stage of reduction and the orange and green gears give the second stage of reduction. The total reduction is the product of the first stage of reduction and the second stage of reduction.

It is essential to have two coupled gears, of different sizes, on the intermediate layshaft. If a single intermediate gear was used, the overall ratio would be simply that between the first and final gears, the intermediate gear would only act as an idler gear: it would reverse the direction of rotation, but not change the ratio.

Belt and chain drives
Special gears called sprockets can be coupled together with chains, as on bicycles and some motorcycles. Alternatively, belts can have teeth in them also and be coupled to gear-like pulleys. Again, exact accounting of teeth and revolutions can be applied with these machines.

For example, a belt with teeth, called the timing belt, is used in some internal combustion engines to synchronize the movement of the camshaft with that of the crankshaft, so that the valves open and close at the top of each cylinder at exactly the right time relative to the movement of each piston. A chain, called a timing chain, is used on some automobiles for this purpose, while in others, the camshaft and crankshaft are coupled directly together through meshed gears. Regardless of which form of drive is employed, the crankshaft-to-camshaft gear ratio is always 2:1 on four-stroke engines, which means that for every two revolutions of the crankshaft the camshaft will rotate once.

Automotive applications
Automobile powertrains generally have two or more major areas where gear sets are used.

For internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, gearing is typically employed in the transmission, which contains a number of different sets of gears that can be changed to allow a wide range of vehicle speeds while operating the ICE within a narrower range of speeds, optimizing efficiency, power, and torque. Because electric vehicles instead use one or more electric traction motor(s) which generally have a broader range of operating speeds, they are typically equipped with a single-ratio reduction gear set instead.

The second common gear set in almost all motor vehicles is the differential, which contains the final drive to and often provides additional speed reduction at the wheels. Moreover, the differential contains gearing that splits torque equally between the two wheels while permitting them to have different speeds when traveling in a curved path.

The transmission and final drive might be separate and connected by a driveshaft, or they might be combined into one unit called a transaxle. The gear ratios in transmission and final drive are important because different gear ratios will change the characteristics of a vehicle's performance.

As noted, the ICE itself is often equipped with a gear train to synchronize valve operation with crankshaft speed. Typically, the camshafts are driven by gearing, chain, or toothed belt.

Example
In 1st gear, the engine makes 2.97 revolutions for every revolution of the transmission's output. In 4th gear, the gear ratio of 1:1 means that the engine and the transmission's output rotate at the same speed, referred to as the "direct drive" ratio. 5th and 6th gears are known as overdrive gears, in which the output of the transmission is revolving faster than the engine's output.

The Corvette above is equipped with a differential that has a final drive ratio (or axle ratio) of 3.42:1, meaning that for every 3.42 revolutions of the transmission's output, the wheels make one revolution. The differential ratio multiplies with the transmission ratio, so in 1st gear, the engine makes 10.16 (= 2.97 × 3.42) revolutions for every revolution of the wheels.

The car's tires can almost be thought of as a third type of gearing. This car is equipped with 295/35-18 tires, which have a circumference of inches. This means that for every complete revolution of the wheel, the car travels 82.1 in. If the Corvette had larger tires, it would travel farther with each revolution of the wheel, which would be like a higher gear. If the car had smaller tires, it would be like a lower gear.

With the gear ratios of the transmission and differential and the size of the tires, it becomes possible to calculate the speed of the car for a particular gear at a particular engine RPM.

For example, it is possible to determine the distance the car will travel for one revolution of the engine by dividing the circumference of the tire by the combined gear ratio of the transmission and differential.

$$ d = \frac{c_t}{gr_t \times gr_d}$$

It is also possible to determine a car's speed from the engine speed by multiplying the circumference of the tire by the engine speed and dividing by the combined gear ratio.

$$ v_c = \frac{c_t \times v_e}{gr_t \times gr_d}$$

Note that the answer is in inches per minute, which can be converted to mph by dividing by 1056.

Wide-ratio vs. close-ratio transmission
A close-ratio transmission is a transmission in which there is a relatively little difference between the gear ratios of the gears. For example, a transmission with an engine shaft to drive shaft ratio of 4:1 in first gear and 2:1 in second gear would be considered wide-ratio when compared to another transmission with a ratio of 4:1 in first and 3:1 in second. This is because the close-ratio transmission has less of a progression between gears. For the wide-ratio transmission, the first gear ratio is 4:1 or 4, and in second gear it is 2:1 or 2, so the progression is equal to 4/2 = 2 (or 200%). For the close-ratio transmission, first gear has a 4:1 ratio or 4, and second gear has a ratio of 3:1 or 3, so the progression between gears is 4/3, or 133%. Since 133% is less than 200%, the transmission with the smaller progression between gears is considered close-ratio. However, the difference between a close-ratio and wide-ratio transmission is subjective and relative.

Close-ratio transmissions are generally offered in sports cars, sport bikes, and especially in race vehicles, where the engine is tuned for maximum power in a narrow range of operating speeds, and the driver or rider can be expected to shift often to keep the engine in its power band.

Factory 4-speed or 5-speed transmission ratios generally have a greater difference between gear ratios and tend to be effective for ordinary driving and moderate performance use. Wider gaps between ratios allow a higher 1st gear ratio for better manners in traffic, but cause engine speed to decrease more when shifting. Narrowing the gaps will increase acceleration at speed, and potentially improve top speed under certain conditions, but acceleration from a stopped position and operation in daily driving will suffer.

Range is the torque multiplication difference between 1st and 4th gears; wider-ratio gear-sets have more, typically between 2.8 and 3.2. This is the single most important determinant of low-speed acceleration from stopped.

Progression is the reduction or decay in the percentage drop in engine speed in the next gear, for example after shifting from 1st to 2nd gear. Most transmissions have some degree of progression in that the RPM drop on the 1-2 shift is larger than the RPM drop on the 2-3 shift, which is in turn larger than the RPM drop on the 3-4 shift. The progression may not be linear (continuously reduced) or done in proportionate stages for various reasons, including a special need for a gear to reach a specific speed or RPM for passing, racing and so on, or simply economic necessity that the parts were available.

Range and progression are not mutually exclusive, but each limits the number of options for the other. A wide range, which gives a strong torque multiplication in 1st gear for excellent manners in low-speed traffic, especially with a smaller motor, heavy vehicle, or numerically low axle ratio such as 2.50, means the progression percentages must be high. The amount of engine speed, and therefore power, lost on each up-shift is greater than would be the case in a transmission with less range, but less power in 1st gear. A numerically low 1st gear, such as 2:1, reduces available torque in 1st gear, but allows more choices of progression.

There is no optimal choice of transmission gear ratios or a final drive ratio for best performance at all speeds, as gear ratios are compromises, and not necessarily better than the original ratios for certain purposes.

title: Gear train


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Foster Communications Coliseum

The Foster Communications Coliseum is a 5,260-seat multi-purpose arena in San Angelo, Texas, built in 1959 as a home for the San Angelo Stock Show and Rodeo, the fourth largest stock show and rodeo in the United States, after its original home was destroyed in 1953. Throughout the year the coliseum is home to various concerts, trade shows and exhibits and other special events.

In March 2011, the city of San Angelo announced that it sold the naming rights of the San Angelo Coliseum to Foster Communications, thereby renaming it Foster Communications Coliseum.

title: Foster Communications Coliseum


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File:Never gone.jpg

Fair use rationale for Never Gone

 * 1) No free or public domain images have been located for this album.
 * 2) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover.
 * 3) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the single in any way.
 * 4) For an article about a single, the cover artwork is very important and adds significantly to the article.
 * 5) This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible than it already is.
 * 6) The cover is being used for informational purposes only.

title: File:Never gone.jpg


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Category:Operating system technology

This category is for articles about the architecture, components, and technology of operating systems. For articles about particular operating systems, see the Category:Operating systems and some of its subcategories.

title: Category:Operating system technology


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Shine (Singapore festival)

SHINE is a nationwide festival in Singapore "by youth, for youth' and is jointly supported by the Ministry of Social and Family Development and the National Youth Council.

Inaugurated in 2005, SHINE aims to:
 * 1) Showcase and develop youth talent and skills
 * 2) Facilitate and profile youth community contribution
 * 3) Project a positive youth image and profile young role models

Youths aged 15–35 could sign up as participants, SHINE volunteers or realize their ideas through grants. Over 200,000 youth were part of SHINE 2007's wide assortment of activities.

SHINE 2008 was scheduled be held from 28 June to 2 August.

title: Shine (Singapore festival)


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Tyndale Theological Seminary

Tyndale Theological Seminary is an American private Christian seminary with its campus in Hurst, Texas. It has chosen not to seek state accreditation for religious reasons.

Accreditation and lawsuit
Tyndale's 2007-2008 Academic Catalog states that "Tyndale Theological Seminary and Biblical Institute is not accredited, and has no plans to pursue any type of accreditation for several particular reasons..."

In 1998, Tyndale Theological Seminary was fined $173,000 for issuing degrees as a seminary without a license. The case led to public criticism of the seminary. On August 31, 2007, an 8 to 0 decision by the Supreme Court of Texas returned the $173,000 to Tyndale.

title: Tyndale Theological Seminary


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Sudduth Coliseum

Sudduth Coliseum, in the Lake Charles Civic Center, is a 7,450-seat multi-purpose arena in Lake Charles, Louisiana, USA. Located on Lakeshore Drive, it is the main arena of the Lake Charles Civic Center. It is a venue for hosting concerts and special events, including the 2006 Louisiana State Choir festival and Contraband Days. The center is named for former Lake Charles Mayor James Sudduth.

It also serves as a host for gun shows, professional wrestling, dance performances, professional and amateur fights, school field trips and The National Day of Prayer ceremony in Lake Charles. Contraband Days is a large festival held on the grounds. The center served as a shelter for displaced residents whose homes were devastated by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.

The center also hosted UFC 22: There Can Be Only One Champion, as well as UFC 24. It also holds Rampage in the Cage events. It also used to be the home stadium of Lake Charles' former pro hockey team, the Lake Charles Ice Pirates who played in the Western Professional Hockey League and the Louisiana Swashbucklers indoor football team. The center was authorized as the location of an American Basketball Association team, the Lake Charles Hurricanes. However, lack of funding caused the team to fold without playing a single game.

The coliseum was also the former home of the McNeese State Cowboys basketball team from 1972 to 1986 when the team moved to the Burton Coliseum.

Its former director, Allen "Puddler" Harris, is a former member of the bands of Ricky Nelson, Conway Twitty, and Jimmie Davis.

title: Sudduth Coliseum


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File:FeedingTheWheel.jpg

Summary
The album cover to the album Feeding the Wheel by Jordan Rudess.

title: File:FeedingTheWheel.jpg


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First Interstate Arena

First Interstate Arena (colloquially known as The Metra) is a multi-purpose arena located at MetraPark, the fairgrounds of Billings, Montana. The arena has a capacity of 8,700 for ice hockey and indoor football games, 10,500 for basketball, and up to 12,000 for concerts. The arena hosts a variety of local sporting, musical, and other events. It has also hosted professional sporting competitions. In 2005, MetraPark Arena marked its 30th anniversary. The arena was renovated in 2010 and 2011 at a cost of $27 million.

History
The arena was completed in 1975 and named the METRA, an acronym that stood for Montana Entertainment Trade and Recreation Arena. It was built at the Midland Empire Fairgrounds, which later was renamed MetraPark, at which time the arena became MetraPark Arena. The naming rights were sold to Billings-based Rimrock Auto Group in 2007 and the arena went by the name Rimrock Auto Arena at MetraPark. It is owned by Yellowstone County. On June 20, 2010, the Father's Day Tornado hit the arena, causing major damage In 2010–2011 the arena was remodeled, resulting in many new amenities such as improved acoustics, more restrooms and concession areas, and easier access from the parking areas. The arena is an energy efficient building with contemporary aesthetics. On April 10, 2011, with the outer arena still under construction, Elton John played the first concert in the Arena since the tornado.

Name changes
On February 21, 2007, Rimrock Auto Group announced a 10-year, US $1 million naming rights deal for the arena. Beginning July 1, 2007 it became known as the Rimrock Auto Arena at MetraPark. On June 3, 2019, First Interstate Bank announced a 5-year US$875,000 naming rights deal for the arena. The new name of the facility would be First Interstate Arena at MetraPark.

Concerts
The Arena remains the largest indoor concert venue in Montana and hosts an average of 9–12 concerts each year. In 2015, The Eagles set a record for the largest grossing concert at the venue, grossing $1.4 million in tickets sold.

Other major concert performances at the arena included Aerosmith, Beach Boys, Black Sabbath, Garth Brooks, Johnny Cash, Cher, Def Leppard, John Denver, Neil Diamond, Elton John, Fleetwood Mac, Foo Fighters, Foreigner, Merle Haggard, Jethro Tull, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Tim McGraw, Metallica, Mötley Crüe, Willie Nelson, Nickelback, Rush, Bob Seger, Slayer, George Strait, Styx, Carrie Underwood, Van Halen, and ZZ Top.

Annual

 * Montana State High School Wrestling Tournament – February
 * M.A.T.E (Montana Agri-Trade Expo) – February
 * Spring Home Improvement Show – March
 * MontanaFair – August
 * Fall Home Improvement Show – September
 * NILE (Northern International Livestock Exposition) Stock Show and Rodeo – October
 * Chase Hawks Memorial Rough Stock Rodeo – December
 * Every other year MetraPark host a Men's college basketball game between Montana State and Wyoming.

Sporting

The Arena has been home to two teams with the Indoor Football League IFL. The Billings Outlaws played in the league from 2000 to 2010 before disbanding following the June 2010 Father's Day tornado. In 2015, the league expanded adding the Billings Wolves but only lasted two seasons before folding as well.

MetraPark has hosted pre-season NBA games on a semi-regular basis. The Arena played host to the first ever game for the NBA's Oklahoma City Thunder on October 8, 2008 in a pre-season game against the Timberwolves. The Timberwolves prevailed 88–82.

MetraPark is a longtime tour stop for the PBR's Built Ford Tough Series (known as the Bud Light Cup until 2003), which has visited the arena every year since 1996.

In the summer of 2005, MetraPark hosted tryouts for the All-American Professional Basketball League (AAPBL), a new minor basketball league. The tryouts took place from July 11 to 22, 2005. However, the league folded shortly thereafter.

MetraPark has also played host to various WWE, WCW and UWF wrestling events including a live televised WCW Monday Nitro television show on June 19, 2000.

In 2017, First Interstate Arena hosted the NAIA Women's DI Basketball Tournament.

In 2022, a new version of the Billings Outlaws began play at the arena as members of Champions Indoor Football and now the revived Arena Football League.

U.S. presidential visits

 * Donald Trump – 2018
 * George W. Bush – 2001 and 2006
 * Bill Clinton – 1996
 * George H. W. Bush – 1992
 * Ronald Reagan – 1982
 * John F. Kennedy – 1963 Kennedy spoke at MetraPark, then known as the Midland Empire Fairgrounds. This occurred prior to the construction of the current arena.

title: First Interstate Arena


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Pershing Center

The Pershing Center (originally known as Pershing Auditorium) was a 4,526-seat multi-purpose arena in Lincoln, Nebraska. As of August 10, 2023, the facility was undergoing demolition.

History
On February 12, 1900, Lincoln's first municipal auditorium, though owned by Lancaster County and operated by the local chapter of the American Legion, opened. The building was burnt to the ground in an accident on April 15, 1928.

By 1931, the city of Lincoln was planning to build a new auditorium and name it after General John J. Pershing, based on votes from students that would ultimately form and attend Lincoln Northeast High School. In 1939, city of Lincoln voters approved a $750,000 bond to build a new auditorium. A second bond in 1950, at cost of $1.5 million, was approved, but an additional $75,000 bond was rejected in 1952. Plans for Pershing were approved in 1955 and the building opened two years later.

Mural
Pershing's exterior was highlighted by a large ceramic tile mural, designed by artists Leonard Thiessen and Bill J. Hammon. The mural depicts 38 figures playing sports, dancing, and performing in theater and circus events. Measuring 38-by-140 foot (5320 sq. ft.; 494.2 m2) and consisting of 763,000 1-sq.-inch pieces, it was the largest ceramic tile mural in the United States at the time of its construction.

Sports
The arena was home to the Lincoln Capitols NIFL indoor football team, the Lincoln Thunder ABA basketball team, and the No Coast Derby Girls Women's Flat Track Derby Association league. In 2013, it was home to the Lincoln Haymakers of the Champions Professional Indoor Football League.

Pershing was also a host site for the NSAA boys and girls state basketball, as well as the NSAA girls volleyball championships. It has hosted the national roller-skating championships 28 times, beginning in 1962 though the final 2014 meet, called Last Lap at Pershing.

Concerts and other events
Pershing has held many events in the past, including concerts and WWE/TNA house show wrestling events. The Doors played their first concert since the death of their singer Jim Morrison at Pershing on November 12, 1971. The Grateful Dead's performance, on February 26, 1973, was recorded and makes up half of their live album, entitled Dick's Picks Volume 28. The exterior and marquee of the arena are also featured in the 1981 film, This is Elvis, as it hosted one of Elvis Presley's final concerts in 1977. Phish played the arena in 1995.

Replacement
In 2008–2009, discussions began to build a new, larger arena for Lincoln due to mid-sized arenas no longer able to meet the demands of most tours. According to Pershing General Manager Tom Lorenz "the music and entertainment industry has pulled back on midlevel tours, reducing the number of shows likely to come to Pershing. Normally, Pershing has six to eight concerts annually, but this year will have three or four". A subsidy to cover a budget shortfall of $150,000 was passed by the Lincoln City Council because the situation was so dire, only "10 months into the fiscal year." The larger arena in Lincoln's Haymarket District was ultimately built between 2011 and 2013, opening as Pinnacle Bank Arena opened in August 2013.

The final major event, a concert by Goo Goo Dolls, was held at the Pershing Center August 6, 2014. The last usage of the building was a roller derby match August 23, 2014, between the No Coast Derby Girls and the Kansas City Roller Warriors; it was won by the Kansas City Roller Warriors.

Attempts at reuse and demolition
An RfP was sent out by the City of Lincoln in 2014 looking for reuse plans for the Pershing Center, but none of the proposals were acceptable due to cost. Demolition loomed in the building's future if an alternate use was not found. The contents of the Pershing Center were auctioned off in January–February 2015.

By 2018, the auditorium's future was still unclear. It remained standing and was used only as a storage facility for Pinnacle Bank Arena. Many proposals were floated by private groups and government agencies, but none that the city government (who did not at the time plan to demolish the building) found acceptable.

In June 2020, it was announced that the Pershing Center would be demolished, and would be replaced with an apartment complex and a new library. Demolition on the building finally began in August 2023.

Members of the community also voiced their desire to save the large, iconic mural on the auditorium's exterior. Estimates placed preservation and re-installation of the mural elsewhere at $1.2 million. The ultimate fate of the mural remains undetermined but it was taken down and preserved by the Nebraska State Historical Society Foundation in October 2022, with the intent to re-install it at an undetermined location. The mural is currently planned to be reinstalled at the Wyuka Cemetery grounds.

title: Pershing Center


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Anthony Dimond

Anthony Joseph Dimond (November 30, 1881 – May 28, 1953) was an American Democratic Party politician who was the Alaska Territory Delegate in the United States House of Representatives from 1933 to 1945. Dimond was also an early champion of Alaska statehood.

Early life
Dimond, known as "Tony," was born in Palatine Bridge, Montgomery County, New York and attended Catholic schools, taught school in Montgomery County (1900–1903), and was a prospector/miner in Alaska (1905–1912) before studying law and beginning practice in Valdez (1913).

Political career
Dimond's political experience includes: US Commissioner in Chisana, Alaska (1913–1914); Special Assistant US Attorney for the 3rd Judicial Division of Alaska in Valdez (1917); Mayor of Valdez (1920–1922, 1925–1932); Alaska Territorial Senate (1923–1926, 1929–1932); and District Judge for the 3rd Division of Alaska (1945–1953). He also served as a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1936 and 1940. He died on May 28, 1953, in Anchorage.

A Roman Catholic, Dimond was a member of organizations such as the Elks, Moose and Eagles.

Mentees' careers
His secretary from 1933 to 1934, Bob Bartlett, eventually became a United States senator from Alaska, serving from 1959 to 1968. His godson, Bill Egan, became Alaska's first Governor after Statehood, serving from 1959 to 1966 and from 1970 to 1974. His son, John H. Dimond, became a Justice of the Alaska Supreme Court following statehood.

Legacy
Today, November 30 is celebrated by the State of Alaska as "Anthony Dimond Day." In Anchorage, A. J. Dimond High School and Dimond Boulevard, a major thoroughfare, are named after him.

Slattery Report
In 1940, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt was considering making Alaska an international Jewish homeland, Dimond was the main force behind defeating the effort.

title: Anthony Dimond


text:
Wikipedia talk:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-05-23/Proceedings of Wikitech-l

There's no need to publish errata on a correctable medium. Online newspapers publish edititions and remove factually incorrect information permanently. That is also what we should do. You can make a note that a previous version of the report contained errors which have been corrected, if you like. -- Tim Starling 03:31, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia talk:Wikipedia Signpost —Ben Brockert (42) UE News  03:40, May 30, 2005 (UTC)


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Yi Cheong

Yi Cheong (born 23 April 1936) is a member of the former Imperial Family of Korea and was a Korean-Japanese noble during Korea under Japanese rule in 1945–1947. He is a great-great-grandson of Heungseon Daewongun and the eldest son of Yi U and Park Chan-ju.

The Empire of Japan was defeated during the World War II in 1945; as the result, a new Japanese constitution was revised, in which Japanese nobility status was invalid since 1947, making Yi Cheong lost his nobility titles. He later graduated from Marquette University in the United States. In 2006, based on multiple historical sources including the Journal of the Royal Secretariat, Yi Cheong published a 4-volume compilation about the history of his ancestor, Heungseon Daewongun.

Biography
Born on April 23, 1936, 16:38 in the Tokyo residence from Shibuya, Tokyo City of the Empire of Japan, he is the eldest son of Duke Yi U and Duchess Park Chan-ju; he was later named, on April 29 of the same year, "Ri Sei" (リ セイ) in Japanese and "Yi Cheong" (이청) in Korean. Yi U was the second son of Prince Yi Kang and the heir to Yi Jun-yong, and Park Chan-ju was a granddaughter of Marquis Pak Yung-hio, the son-in-law of King Cheoljong of Joseon. In 1942, as a member of noble family, Yi Cheong enrolled in Gakushuin; as of 1944, he returned to Keijō (now Seoul of Korea) and resided in his ancestral home, Unhyeongung. On August 7, 1945, Yi Cheong's father, Yi U, was killed by the atomic bomb Little Boy during his way to work in Hiroshima; as his heir, Yi Cheong succeeded his title as Duke Yi Cheong (李淸公) three days later.

After the World War II, a series of nobility titles within Japan were abolished, including kazoku and Korean nobles, Yi Cheong lost his title in 1947 became a commoner ever since; around the same time, the Republic of Korea was founded. A law was legislated regarding the property of the former Imperial family and many of which was confiscated, but after the negotiation by Park Chan-ju, Yi Cheong and his family were allowed to own Unhyeongung, which was returned in 1948, based on the fact that the origin of Unhyeongung was the private residence of Heungseon Daewongun and his family. Under their procession, nevertheless, the scale of current Unhyeongung is much smaller than it used to be, because parts of the land were sold in decades, for various reasons including debt settlement and road expansion. During the tenure of President Syngman Rhee in 1950s, since Yi Cheong and Rhee are both from the Jeonju Yi clan and the latter was childless, Rhee asked to adopt Yi Cheong after they met, but this proposal was refused by the family of Unhyeongung. In 1954, Yi Cheong went to Kyunggi High School and later, in 1960, he acquired the decree from the Department of Civil Engineering of Marquette University, United States. On December 25, 1966, Yi Cheong's younger brother, Yi Jong, passed away in a traffic accident during his study career in the United States, making Yi Cheong the only remaining issue of his family.

Since his graduation, Yi Cheong worked as an engineer in H.T. Spoden & Associates in 1960-64 and Boss H. Bryan, a united design office, in 1965-69; both were in Tennessee. He also became a postgraduate in DePaul University for a year in 1970. As of 1974, he became the vice president of Dongwon Engineering Consultant Ltd. and he returned to Korea in 1991. In 1993, due to inability to maintain Unhyeongung, Yi Cheong and his mother decided to sell the palace to the municipal government of Seoul, and he moved to Bugahyeon-dong in Seodaemun District and later to Pyeongchang-dong. As of 1994, he was hired as a lecturer in Yonsei University as well as a visiting professor in the College of Business Administration of University of Seoul since 1998; he was a former member of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers (KSCE) and Architectural Institute of Korea.

In 2007, the Investigative Commission on Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property (ICJCP), a Korean government institute existed in 2006-10, announced that Prince Imperial Heung and his son, Yi Jun-yong (both were Yi Cheong's adoptive ancestors), were both chinilpa, as they were the Korean Imperial representatives and they agreed to sign the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910. As a response, Yi Cheong appealed a judicial case, asking to undo the decision and claiming that the act was unconstitutional; the court eventually announced that the plaintiff lost the case.

After selling Unhyeongung, Yi Cheong still continues to donate relics and lands from his family. In 2007, he gave more than 8,000 artifacts to the Seoul Museum of History; in 2018, the cemetery of Heungseon Daewongun, covered an area of 2,555 square metres, and its surrounding lands of 129,935 square metres were given to Gyeonggi Province; they would cost 5.2 billion South Korean won (approximately $4.33 million) if the land were to be sold. For appreciation, the municipal government gave him a plaque as recognition.

Family

 * Great-great-grandfather: Heungseon Daewongun (1820-1898)
 * Great-great-grandmother: Grand Internal Princess Consort Sunmok (1818-1898), the eldest daughter of Min Chigu from the Yeoheung Min clan.
 * Great-grandfather (adoptive): Yi Jae-myeon, Prince Imperial Heung (1845-1912), the heir to Heungseon Daewongun; he became the Duke Yi Hui (李熹公) in 1910.
 * Great-grandmother (adoptive): Lady Hong of Pungsan (1844-1887), daughter of Hong Byeong-ju and the first wife of Yi Jae-myeon.
 * Great-grandmother (adoptive): Lady Yi of Yeoju, later the Princess Imperial Heung (1883-1978); her father was Yi Yingu and she was the second wife of Yi Jae-myeon. She became the Duchess Consort of Yi Hui (李熹公妃李氏) in 1910.
 * Grandfather (adoptive): Yi Jun-yong (Prince Yeongseon, 1870-1917), heir to Duke Yi Hui and succeeded the title in 1912 as Duke Yi Jun (李埈公).
 * Grandmother (adoptive): Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (1870-1897), daughter of Hong Jong-seok and the first wife of Yi Jun-yong.
 * Grandmother (adoptive): Lady Kim of Guangsan (1878-1955), daughter of Kim Jae-jeong and the second wife of Yi Jun-yong. She became the Duchess Consort of Yi Jun (李埈公妃金氏) in 1912.
 * Great-grandfather (biological): Gojong of Korea (1852-1919), the 26th king of Joseon dynasty and the 1st emperor of the Korean Empire.
 * Great-grandmother (biological): Lady Jang of the Deoksu Jang clan, a lady-in-waiting of Gojong and his unofficial concubine.
 * Grandfather (biological): Prince Yi Kang (1877-1955), the second son of Gojong.
 * Grandmother (biological): Kim Heung-in, a concubine of Yi Kang; also known as "Lady Kim of Suindang" (修仁堂金氏, 수인당 김씨).
 * Father: Yi U (1912-1945), by birth the second son of Yi Kang. He became the heir to Duke Yi Jun in 1917 and succeeded the title in the same year.
 * Mother: Park Chan-ju (1914-1995), a granddaughter of Marquis Pak Yung-hio and the eldest daughter of Park Il-seo; she married in 1935 and became the Duchess Consort of Yi U (李鍝公妃賛珠).
 * Spouse: Kim Chae-yeong (1949-), married in 1971. Their issue includes at least a son.

title: Yi Cheong


text:
Ford Wyoming Center

The Ford Wyoming Center (formerly known as the Casper Events Center) is a multi-purpose arena in Casper, Wyoming, in the United States. The arena was built in April 1982. It seats 8,395 for ice hockey and indoor football games, 8,842 for basketball games, and up to 9,700 for concerts.

It serves as the host of the College National Finals Rodeo in June and is also currently the home of Broadway in Casper theatre series. It has also hosted amateur wrestling tournaments and UFC 6.

It was home to the Wyoming Cavalry arena football team until 2014, Casper Coyotes hockey team and the Wyoming Wildcatters of the Continental Basketball Association.

On January 7, 2021, it was announced that the Wyoming Ford dealerships had purchased the naming rights to the arena for up to six years.

title: Ford Wyoming Center


text:
Category:As the World Turns characters

Characters from the soap opera As the World Turns.

title: Category:As the World Turns characters


text:
Talk:Deep Note

flag for deletion of this article.
This article "Deep Note" - has now value for humanity. 89.151.186.170 (talk) 16:58, 22 February 2023 (UTC)

 * 'now' lmao 174.27.189.190 (talk) 12:22, 26 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Deep Note


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Inverallochy and Cairnbulg

The villages of Inverallochy (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Aileachaidh) and Cairnbulg (from the Gaelic càrn builg meaning 'gap cairn' ) lie some 4 mi east of Fraserburgh, in North East Scotland. It formerly consisted of the three fishing villages of Brandesburgh, Cairnbulg and Inverallochy, but the former village has since disappeared.

Cairnbulg Castle, one of the nine castles of the Knuckle, originally dated to the 13th century and parts of the current construction are believed to date to an earlier period but whereas the land of Inverallochy was granted by Earl Alexander to Jordan Comyn in 1277, there is no indication that the now-ruined Inverallochy Castle was built at such an early date. Cairnbulg Castle was a stronghold of the Comyns, but was given by Robert the Bruce to the Earls of Ross in 1316 following the Harrying of Buchan, then passed to the Frasers from 1375 until 1666. The current construction is a late 19th-century re-build following a century of abandonment and dereliction. Well-established fishing communities were in place in the area by the early 16th century, but after an epidemic of cholera in the 1860s wiped out the "collections of huts next to which fishing boats were dragged out of reach of the tide", planned fishing settlements were recreated at Inverallochy and the twinned village Cairnbulg. As a result of this planning, within 20 years over 200 boats were based here, although in recent years this has dwindled to almost zero as larger, commercial operations became focused on the nearby ports of Fraserburgh and Peterhead.

Cairnbulg railway station was opened on 1 July 1903. It was originally named Inverallochy, but was renamed on 1 September, two months after it opened. The station closed in 1965. Philorth Bridge Halt was located near the Water of Philorth at the entrance to Cairnbulg Castle.

Owing to the close proximity of the villages to one another, the name Invercairn has in recent years become used on a local basis to represent both.

Attractions
Maggie's Hoosie, the former home of Maggie Duthie (1867–1950), is a preserved 19th century fishwife's cottage at 26 Shore Street. Cairnbulg harbour, built in the 1920s as a single pier, was developed in the early 1980s using WW2 tank traps to create an enclosed harbour basin.

Inverallochy School was established in 1841 as a 36 × building that seated 88 scholars. Increased attendance demanded further funding in 1866 to seat 130 scholars and 240 in 1872. It finally re-opened in 1965 after a substantial extension to include eight new classrooms, a general purpose room, a school meal scullery, an assembly hall–gymnasium and an art room. The eight old classrooms were turned into homecraft rooms with housewifery area, science rooms and library.

The Gothic parish church dates to 1842, distinguished by its octagonal spirelet on its buttressed tower.,

title: Inverallochy and Cairnbulg


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Fibrominn

Fibrominn, located in Benson, Minnesota, was the first power plant in the United States designed to burn poultry litter as its main source of fuel. It produced 55 megawatts of electric power by burning turkey manure combined with wood chips. All of the energy produced was required by state lawmakers to be purchased by Xcel Energy. The plant was developed by Fibrowatt LLC, part of the Homeland Renewable Energy Group, which was set up by the management team which built the world's first three poultry-litter-fueled power plants (in the UK). Construction began in 2005 and the plant began operating in 2007. Grand opening ceremonies were held on October 12 and 13, 2007. The State of Minnesota required that Xcel purchased power from the plant until at least 2028. The plant at one point had been owned by ContourGlobal, LP.

However, the cost of generating energy from the unique supply of biomass became increasingly costly compared to other renewable sources. In 2017, Xcel Energy successfully lobbied state lawmakers to allow it to buy the plant in order to decommission it because the high cost of operations were being forced onto ratepayers. Xcel noted in regulatory filings that the plant's closure would eventually save ratepayers hundreds of millions of dollars over roughly 10 years.

In 2018, Xcel paid $24.5 million to the plant's owners and was expected to pay the city of Benson as much as $20 million over a period of years to make up for the city's loss of expected revenue once the plant closed. The same year, there was an effort by Brightmark Energy of San Francisco to purchase the plant and convert it for use in generating renewable natural gas from turkey litter and other biomass; however, after 18 months, the project never materialized and the effort failed. The plant was demolished in August 2019.

title: Fibrominn


text: Category:Borknagar albums

title: Category:Borknagar albums


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Lincoln–Lemington–Belmar

Lincoln–Lemington–Belmar is a neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is located in the northeastern section of the city and spans the Allegheny River. Lincoln–Lemington–Belmar houses PBF 15 Engine, and is covered by PBP Zone 5 and the Bureau of EMS Medic 1.

Lincoln and Lemington were former neighborhoods in the northeastern section of the city. Lincoln-Lemington-Belmar is a predominantly black neighborhood that was once a white neighborhood from the early 1920s until the early 1970s. Belmar was a neighborhood atop a steep hill that overlooked the city on Vann Road and Tilden Street.

Lincoln–Lemington–Belmar is generally subdivided at Lemington Ave into two parts, "Upper Lincoln" and "Lower Lincoln".

Lincoln–Lemington–Belmar is one of the steepest neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, with Downtown Pittsburgh (8 mi away) visible from many parts of Upper Lincoln.

The Veterans Hospital and the Shuman Juvenile Detention Center are located off Highland Drive in the northern part of the neighborhood. Larimer borders Lincoln–Lemington–Belmar to the west and is connected by the Lincoln Avenue Bridge and the Larimer Avenue Bridge. Homewood borders Lincoln–Lemington–Belmar to the south and is connected by Upland Street, Apple Avenue off Lincoln Avenue, and by Stranahan Avenue from atop Belmar. Penn Hills lies east of Lincoln–Lemington–Belmar, and is reached via Lincoln and Lemington avenues, and also by Brushton Avenue streaming in from Homewood. Highland Park is separated by Washington Boulevard to the west. Part of the neighborhood extends across the Allegheny River. Lincoln–Lemington contains the Waterworks Mall and St. Margaret Hospital, which is part of the UPMC health system.

Surrounding neighborhoods
The section north of the Allegheny River has three borders: Aspinwall to the west, Fox Chapel to the north and O'Hara Township to the east. Its larger counterpart south of the river has five borders, including Penn Hills to the east and the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Homewood North and Homewood West to the south, Larimer to the southwest and Highland Park to the west.

City steps
The Lincoln–Lemington–Belmar neighborhood has 8 distinct flights of city steps, most of which are open and in a reasonably safe condition. In Lincoln–Lemington–Belmar, the Steps of Pittsburgh quickly connect pedestrians to public transportation and provide an easy way to travel through this hilly neighborhood.

title: Lincoln–Lemington–Belmar


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Talk:Noah Kaiba

This is the author of this page: did I make this page for no reason does NOBODY care come on.... I would appreciate just someone come in so I know that I did not trash my weekend down the drain to do this for no reason.

 * I'm sure someone will notice. :) func (talk) 06:13, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

The Author: thank you.. oh and I had help from an unknown person makeing this artical...they edited it and fixed my spelling... I would like to say thank you to whoever did that

Someone...
Someone wrote I LUV U NOA! It was ridiculous so I deleted it .The person who wrote that, if you want to insult me, I remain anonymous.

Green Hair Resemblance?
I've watched the Noah Arc before, and saw the first series. Noah's hair is most definitely NOT the same shade of green as Kaiba's. It's turquoise. Kaiba's hair is neon green(also known as electric green) in the first series. It's his outfit that resembles Greenie; not the hair colour. Luffy 06:44, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

Some of his Cards
I'm sure he didn't use cards like Uraby - or am I mistaken? UltimateNagash 17:23, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Noah Kaiba


text: User talk:69.169.54.188

title: User talk:69.169.54.188


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Talk:Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell

Terminology
Can someone help out with some of the terminology in this article. Few Americans can decipher "he took a double first in Mods and Greats and twice gained a rugby Blue." I was able to figure out the "double first" and put a Wikipedia link there. I'm guessing Mods is modern languages. Please keep in mind that most British terminology, abbreviations and slang are unknown to Americans and those in other countries as well. Thanks. SDC 03:36, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Quite right. I often find myself getting indignant about American jargon being used as if everybody understands it! I must say I find it even more annoying when it is used inappropriately in a British context (e.g. a person described as having "majored in history", which would be unheard of at most British universities).

 * Double first means that he was placed in the first class in both his first and second public examination. (If he had stayed on to take a second Final Honour School and got a first it would be called a triple first, as in the case of C. S. Lewis).
 * Mods is short for Moderations and means the first public examination for some courses at Oxford (others have "Prelims", short for "Preliminary Examination"). In his case it means Classical Moderations, the usual shorthand first "Honour Moderations in Literae Humaniores" (i.e. Classics)
 * Greats means the Final Honour School of Literae Humaniores, i.e. the second public examination in Classics.
 * A "Blue" is what you get for representing Oxford in a match (or other sporting fixture) against Cambridge. See University Sporting Blue.--Oxonian2006 15:39, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

Status in Lords
Does he sit as a cross-bencher in the lords? Fig (talk) 21:51, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

Rab Butler Harlequins
I have given a citation for this story as a book by a historian. However, the book says that this comes from "Private information" and it was published well after the first appearance of the story in Wikipedia. There is thus more than a possibility that Wikipedia was the source of the "Private information". Chemical Engineer (talk) 16:58, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

Parents?
Since many (like myself) will visit this page purely to see whether he's the son of Rab Butler, it might be appropriate to name his parents early on in the article. It looks odd without, anyway. Valetude (talk) 13:59, 28 July 2020 (UTC)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hamed Eissa

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 23:21, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hamed Eissa
Non-notable (one hit in Google) and overall not worthy of the Wikipedia. Delete. --Sn0wflake 05:08, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 04:59, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete and marked as such. — Phil Welch 05:06, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * By which speedy criteria? Thue | talk 11:54, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Am I misinterpreting "Very short articles with little or no context"? — Phil Welch 23:45, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — Doesn't appear notable. But I enjoyed seeing the long template stack... :) — RJH 05:44, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Vanity, delete. - Mailer Diablo 07:02, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Thue | talk 11:54, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN. Jayjg (talk) 15:06, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.