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Priory School (Kingston)

The Priory School in Kingston, Jamaica teaches kindergarten, primary and secondary students, the latter under the name Priory High.

History
It was founded in 1944 as "The Priory House" by Henry Fowler, a Jamaican Rhodes scholar, political activist and patron of the arts and educational causes. Fowler was Priory's headmaster from its founding until his retirement in 1973.

Campus
Priory originally consisted of just one building, a former private residence "The Priory". This had been built in 1907 by the Governor of Jamaica Hugh Clarence Bourne to replace the previous building destroyed in the 1907 Kingston earthquake. This previous building had been in use as a rectory and it was in allusion to this that the name "Priory" was chosen for the new building.

title: Priory School (Kingston)


text:
Portal:Astronomy/Picture/21 June 2005

M87 is an elliptical galaxy about 50 million light years away in the constellation of Virgo, and like most if not all galaxies it contains a super-massive black hole at its centre. The black hole powers an enormous polar jet of electrons and ions moving at almost the speed of light.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/21 June 2005


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List of birds of Minnesota

This list of birds of Minnesota includes species documented in the U.S. state of Minnesota and accepted by the Minnesota Ornithologists' Union Records Committee (MOURC). As of October 2020, there are 446 species included in the official list. Of them, 89 are classed as accidental, 41 are classed as casual, eight have been introduced to North America, two are extinct, and one has been extirpated. Two additional accidental species have been added from different sources.

This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 62nd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS). Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list, except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.

Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in Minnesota as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. The following codes are used to define some categories of occurrence:

 * (A) Accidental - "Species for which there are accepted records in no more than two of the past ten years" per the MOURC
 * (C) Casual - "Species for which there are accepted records in three to eight of the past ten years" per the MOURC
 * (I) Introduced - Species established in North America as a result of human action
 * (E) Extinct - a recent species that no longer exists
 * (Ex) Extirpated - Species which "formerly occurred regularly in the state but disappeared and are not expected to recur" per the MOURC

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.

 * Black-bellied whistling-duck, Dendrocygna autumnalis (A)
 * Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor (A)
 * Snow goose, Anser caerulescens
 * Ross's goose, Anser rossii
 * Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons
 * Brant, Branta bernicla (C)
 * Cackling goose, Branta hutchinsii
 * Canada goose, Branta canadensis
 * Mute swan, Cygnus olor (I)
 * Trumpeter swan, Cygnus buccinator
 * Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus
 * Wood duck, Aix sponsa
 * Garganey, Spatula querquedula (A)
 * Blue-winged teal, Spatula discors
 * Cinnamon teal, Spatula cyanoptera
 * Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
 * Gadwall, Mareca strepera
 * Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope (C)
 * American wigeon, Mareca americana
 * Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
 * American black duck, Anas rubripes
 * Mottled duck, Anas fulvigula (A)
 * Northern pintail, Anas acuta
 * Green-winged teal, Anas crecca
 * Canvasback, Aythya valisineria
 * Redhead, Aythya americana
 * Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris
 * Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula (A)
 * Greater scaup, Aythya marila
 * Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis
 * King eider, Somateria spectabilis (C)
 * Common eider, Somateria mollissima (A)
 * Harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus
 * Surf scoter, Melanitta perspicillata
 * White-winged scoter, Melanitta deglandi
 * Black scoter, Melanitta americana
 * Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis
 * Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola
 * Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula
 * Barrow's goldeneye, Bucephala islandica
 * Smew, Mergellus albellus (A)
 * Hooded merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus
 * Common merganser, Mergus merganser
 * Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator
 * Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis

New World quail
Order: GalliformesFamily: Odontophoridae

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.

 * Northern bobwhite, Colinus virginianus (Ex) ("All recent observations are likely of released or escaped birds" per the MOURC)

Pheasants, grouse, and allies
Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies including the partridges, grouse, turkeys, and Old World quail. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump, with broad, relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

 * Wild turkey, Meleagris gallopavo (Introduced to Minnesota per the MOURC)
 * Ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus
 * Spruce grouse, Canachites canadensis
 * Willow ptarmigan, Lagopus lagopus (A)
 * Rock ptarmigan, Lagopus muta (A)
 * Sharp-tailed grouse, Tympanuchus phasianellus
 * Greater prairie-chicken, Tympanuchus cupido
 * Gray partridge, Perdix perdix (I)
 * Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (I)

Grebes
Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

 * Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps
 * Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus
 * Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena
 * Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis
 * Western grebe, Aechmorphorus occidentalis
 * Clark's grebe, Aechmorphorus clarkii

Pigeons and doves
Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

 * Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
 * Band-tailed pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata (A)
 * Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocto (I)
 * Passenger pigeon, Ectopistes migratorius (E)
 * Inca dove, Scardafella inca (A)
 * Common ground dove, Columbina passerina (A)
 * White-winged dove, Zenaida asiatica
 * Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura

Cuckoos
Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.

 * Groove-billed ani, Crotophaga sulcirostris (A)
 * Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus
 * Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus

Nightjars and allies
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically colored to resemble bark or leaves.

 * Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor
 * Common poorwill, Phalaenoptilus nuttallii (A)
 * Chuck-will's-widow, Antrostomus carolinensis (A)
 * Eastern whip-poor-will, Antrostomus vociferus

Swifts
Order: ApodiformesFamily: Apodidae

The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have very long, swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

 * Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica
 * White-throated swift, Aeronautes saxatalis (A)

Hummingbirds
Order: ApodiformesFamily: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.

 * Mexican violetear, Colibri thalassinus (A)
 * Rivoli's hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens (A)
 * Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris
 * Anna's hummingbird, Calypte anna (A)
 * Costa's hummingbird, Calypte costae (A)
 * Calliope hummingbird, Selasphorus calliope (A)
 * Rufous hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus (C)

Rails, gallinules, and coots
Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, which are difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

 * King rail, Rallus elegans (A)
 * Virginia rail, Rallus limicola
 * Sora, Porzana carolina
 * Common gallinule, Gallinula galeata
 * American coot, Fulica americana
 * Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus (A)
 * Yellow rail, Coturnicops noveboracensis
 * Black rail, Laterallus jamaicensis (A)

Cranes
Order: GruiformesFamily: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

 * Sandhill crane, Antigone canadensis
 * Common crane, Grus grus (A)
 * Whooping crane, Grus americana (A)

Stilts and avocets
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

 * Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus (C)
 * American avocet, Recurvirostra americana

Plovers and lapwings
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

 * Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
 * American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica
 * Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
 * Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
 * Piping plover, Charadrius melodus
 * Wilson's plover, Charadrius wilsonia (A)
 * Snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus (A)

Sandpipers and allies
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

 * Upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda
 * Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
 * Eskimo curlew, Numenius borealis (E)
 * Long-billed curlew, Numenius americanus (A)
 * Hudsonian godwit, Limosa haemastica
 * Marbled godwit, Limosa fedoa
 * Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
 * Red knot, Calidris canutus (C)
 * Ruff, Calidris pugnax (C)
 * Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata (A)
 * Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus
 * Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea (A)
 * Sanderling, Calidris alba
 * Dunlin, Calidris alpina
 * Purple sandpiper, Calidris maritima (C)
 * Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii
 * Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla
 * White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis
 * Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis
 * Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
 * Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla
 * Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri (C)
 * Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus
 * Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus
 * American woodcock, Scolopax minor
 * Wilson's snipe, Gallinago delicata
 * Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularius
 * Solitary sandpiper, Tringa solitaria
 * Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes
 * Willet, Tringa semipalmata
 * Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca
 * Wilson's phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor
 * Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
 * Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius (C)

Skuas and jaegers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae

Skuas and jaegers are related to gulls, shorebirds, auks, and skimmers. In the three jaeger species (all Holarctic), breeding adults have the two central tail feathers obviously elongated and at least some adults have white on the underparts and pale yellow on the neck, characteristics that the larger species do not share.

 * Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus (C)
 * Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
 * Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus (A)

Auks, murres, and puffins
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Alcidae

Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture, and some of their habits, however they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest. This family also includes murres and puffins.

 * Dovekie, Alle alle (A)
 * Black guillemot, Cepphus grylle (A)
 * Long-billed murrelet, Brachyramphus perdix (A)
 * Ancient murrelet, Synthliboramphus antiquus (A)

Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes, and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet.

 * Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla (C)
 * Ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea (A)
 * Sabine's gull, Xema sabini
 * Bonaparte's gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia
 * Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus (A)
 * Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus
 * Ross's gull, Rhodostethia rosea (A)
 * Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla (C)
 * Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan
 * Common gull/short-billed gull, Larus canus/Larus brachyrhynchus (A)
 * Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis
 * California gull, Larus californicus (C)
 * Herring gull, Larus argentatus
 * Iceland gull, Larus glaucoides
 * Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
 * Slaty-backed gull, Larus schistisagus (C)
 * Glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens (A)
 * Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus
 * Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus
 * Least tern, Sternula antillarum (C)
 * Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica (A)
 * Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
 * Black tern, Chlidonias niger
 * Common tern, Sterna hirundo
 * Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea (C)
 * Forster's tern, Sterna forsteri
 * Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis (A)
 * Elegant tern, Thalasseus elegans (A)

Loons
Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae

Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but are almost hopeless on land, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body.

 * Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata
 * Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica
 * Common loon, Gavia immer
 * Yellow-billed loon, Gavia adamsii (A)

Shearwaters and petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

 * Northern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis (A)

Storks
Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills, and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute.

 * Wood stork, Mycteria americana (A)

Frigatebirds
Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

 * Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens (A)

Cormorants and shags
Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae

Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed.

 * Double-crested cormorant, Nannopterum auritum
 * Neotropic cormorant, Nannopterum brasilianum (A)

Pelicans
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.

 * American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
 * Brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis (C)

Herons, egrets, and bitterns
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.

 * American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus
 * Least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis
 * Great blue heron, Ardea herodias
 * Great egret, Ardea alba
 * Snowy egret, Egretta thula
 * Little blue heron, Egretta caerulea
 * Tricolored heron, Egretta tricolor (A)
 * Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
 * Green heron, Butorides virescens
 * Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
 * Yellow-crowned night-heron, Nyctanassa violacea

Ibises and spoonbills
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae

The family Threskiornithidae includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings. Their bodies tend to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills.

 * White ibis, Eudocimus albus (A)
 * Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (C)
 * White-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi
 * Roseate spoonbill, Ajaia ajaja (A)

New World vultures
Order: CathartiformesFamily: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses.

 * Black vulture, Coragyps atratus (C)
 * Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura

Osprey
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae

Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey possessing a very large, powerful, hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic.

 * Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

Hawks, eagles, and kites
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.

 * White-tailed kite, Elanus leucurus (A)
 * Swallow-tailed kite, Elanoides forficatus (A) (Ex)
 * Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos
 * Northern harrier, Circus hudsonius
 * Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus
 * Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii
 * American goshawk, Accipiter atricapillus
 * Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
 * Mississippi kite, Ictinia mississippiensis (C)
 * Red-shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus
 * Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus
 * Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni
 * Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
 * Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus
 * Ferruginous hawk, Buteo regalis (A)

Barn-owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

 * Barn owl, Tyto alba (C)

Owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

 * Eastern screech-owl, Megascops asio
 * Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus
 * Snowy owl, Bubo scandiacus
 * Northern hawk owl, Surnia ulula
 * Burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia (C)
 * Barred owl, Strix varia
 * Great gray owl, Strix nebulosa
 * Long-eared owl, Asio otus
 * Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
 * Boreal owl, Aegolius funereus
 * Northern saw-whet owl, Aegolius acadicus

Kingfishers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

 * Belted kingfisher, Megaeryle alcyon

Woodpeckers
Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

 * Lewis's woodpecker, Melanerpes lewis (C)
 * Red-headed woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus
 * Acorn woodpecker, Melanerpes formicivorus (A)
 * Red-bellied woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinus
 * Williamson's sapsucker, Sphyrapicus thyroideus (A)
 * Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius
 * American three-toed woodpecker, Picoides dorsalis
 * Black-backed woodpecker, Picoides arcticus
 * Downy woodpecker, Dryobates pubescens
 * Hairy woodpecker, Dryobates villosus
 * Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus
 * Pileated woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus

Falcons and caracaras
Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

 * Crested caracara, Caracara plancus (A)
 * American kestrel, Falco sparverius
 * Merlin, Falco columbarius
 * Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus (C)
 * Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
 * Prairie falcon, Falco mexicanus

Tyrant flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.

 * Ash-throated flycatcher, Myiarchus cinerascens (A)
 * Great crested flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus
 * Tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus (A)
 * Cassin's kingbird, Tyrannus vociferans (A)
 * Western kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis
 * Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus
 * Scissor-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus forficatus (C)
 * Fork-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus savana (A)
 * Olive-sided flycatcher, Contopus cooperi
 * Western wood-pewee, Contopus sordidulus (A)
 * Eastern wood-pewee, Contopus virens
 * Yellow-bellied flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris
 * Acadian flycatcher, Empidonax virescens
 * Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum
 * Willow flycatcher, Empidonax traillii
 * Least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus
 * Eastern phoebe, Sayornis phoebe
 * Say's phoebe, Sayornis saya
 * Vermilion flycatcher, Pyrocephalus rubinus (A)

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.

 * White-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus (C)
 * Bell's vireo, Vireo bellii
 * Yellow-throated vireo, Vireo flavifrons
 * Blue-headed vireo, Vireo solitarius
 * Philadelphia vireo, Vireo philadelphicus
 * Warbling vireo, Vireo gilvus
 * Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus

Shrikes
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.

 * Loggerhead shrike, Lanius ludovicianus
 * Northern shrike, Lanius borealis

Crows, jays, and magpies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

 * Canada jay, Perisoreus canadensis
 * Blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata
 * Clark's nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana (C)
 * Black-billed magpie, Pica hudsonia
 * American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos
 * Common raven, Corvus corax

Tits, chickadees, and titmice
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

 * Black-capped chickadee, Poecile atricapilla
 * Boreal chickadee, Poecile hudsonica
 * Tufted titmouse, Baeolophus bicolor

Larks
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

 * Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris

Swallows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is a group of passerines characterized by their adaptation to aerial feeding. These adaptations include a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and short bills with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

 * Blue-and-white swallow, Pygochelidon cyanoleuca (A)
 * Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
 * Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor
 * Violet-green swallow, Tachycineta thalassina (A)
 * Northern rough-winged swallow, Stelgidopteryx serripennis
 * Purple martin, Progne subis
 * Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
 * Cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

Kinglets
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Regulidae

The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their names.

 * Ruby-crowned kinglet, Corthylio calendula
 * Golden-crowned kinglet, Regulus satrapa

Waxwings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

 * Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus
 * Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum

Nuthatches
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet.

 * Red-breasted nuthatch, Sitta canadensis
 * White-breasted nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis
 * Pygmy nuthatch, Sitta pygmaea (A)

Treecreepers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

 * Brown creeper, Certhia americana

Gnatcatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Polioptilidae

These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their structure and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. Many species have distinctive black head patterns (especially males) and long, regularly cocked, black-and-white tails.

 * Blue-gray gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea

Wrens
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae

Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

 * Rock wren, Salpinctes obsoletus (A)
 * House wren, Troglodytes aedon
 * Winter wren, Troglodytes hiemalis
 * Sedge wren, Cistothorus platensis
 * Marsh wren, Cistothorus palustris
 * Carolina wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus
 * Bewick's wren, Thryomanes bewickii (A)

Mockingbirds and thrashers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.

 * Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis
 * Curve-billed thrasher, Toxostoma curvirostre (A)
 * Brown thrasher, Toxostoma rufum
 * Sage thrasher, Oreoscoptes montanus (A)
 * Northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos

Starlings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are medium-sized passerines with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

 * European starling, Sturnus vulgaris (I)

Dippers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae

Dippers are members of the genus Cinclus in the bird family Cinclidae. They are a group of perching birds named for their bobbing or dipping movements. They usually inhabit the banks of fast-moving hillside rivers, though some nest near shallow lakes.

 * American dipper, Cinclus mexicanus (A)

Thrushes and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

 * Eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis
 * Mountain bluebird, Sialia currucoides
 * Townsend's solitaire, Myadestes townsendi (C)
 * Veery, Catharus fuscescens
 * Gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus
 * Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus
 * Hermit thrush, Catharus guttatus
 * Wood thrush, Hylocichla mustelina
 * Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris (A)
 * American robin, Turdus migratorius
 * Varied thrush, Ixoreus naevius

Old World flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae

This is a large family of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World. The species below only occurs in North America as vagrants. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

 * Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe (A)

Old World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

 * House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)
 * Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus (I) (C)

Wagtails and pipits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae

The Motacillidae are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender, ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

 * American pipit, Anthus rubescens
 * Sprague's pipit, Anthus spragueii (C)

Finches, euphonias, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

 * Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla (A)
 * Evening grosbeak, Coccothraustes vespertinus
 * Pine grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator
 * Gray-crowned rosy-finch, Leucosticte tephrocotis (C)
 * House finch, Haemorhous mexicanus (Native to the southwestern U.S.; introduced to the east)
 * Purple finch, Haemorhous purpureus
 * Cassin's finch, Haemorhous cassinii (A)
 * Common redpoll, Acanthis flammea
 * Hoary redpoll, Acanthis hornemanni
 * Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
 * White-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera
 * Pine siskin, Spinus pinus
 * Lesser goldfinch, Spinus psaltria (A)
 * American goldfinch, Spinus tristis

Longspurs and snow buntings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that were traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

 * Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus
 * Chestnut-collared longspur, Calcarius ornatus
 * Smith's longspur, Calcarius pictus
 * Thick-billed longspur, Rhynchophanes mccownii (A)
 * Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis

New World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae

Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.

 * Cassin's sparrow, Peucaea cassinii (A)
 * Grasshopper sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum
 * Black-throated sparrow, Amphispiza bilineata (A)
 * Lark sparrow, Chondestes grammacus
 * Lark bunting, Calamospiza melanocorys (C)
 * Chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina
 * Clay-colored sparrow, Spizella pallida
 * Field sparrow, Spizella pusilla
 * Brewer's sparrow, Spizella breweri (A)
 * Fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca
 * American tree sparrow, Spizelloides arborea
 * Dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis
 * White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys
 * Golden-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia atricapilla (C)
 * Harris's sparrow, Zonotrichia querula
 * White-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis
 * Vesper sparrow, Pooecetes gramineus
 * LeConte's sparrow, Ammospiza leconteii
 * Nelson's sparrow, Ammospiza nelsoni
 * Baird's sparrow, Centronyx bairdii (A)
 * Henslow's sparrow, Centronyx henslowii
 * Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis
 * Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia
 * Lincoln's sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii
 * Swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana
 * Green-tailed towhee, Pipilo chlorurus (A)
 * Spotted towhee, Pipilo maculatus
 * Eastern towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus

Yellow-breasted chat
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteriidae

This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

 * Yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens

Troupials and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.

 * Yellow-headed blackbird, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
 * Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus
 * Eastern meadowlark, Sturnella magna
 * Western meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta
 * Orchard oriole, Icterus spurius
 * Bullock's oriole, Icterus bullockii (A)
 * Baltimore oriole, Icterus galbula
 * Scott's oriole, Icterus parisorum (A)
 * Red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus
 * Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater
 * Rusty blackbird, Euphagus carolinus
 * Brewer's blackbird, Euphagus cyanocephalus
 * Common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula
 * Great-tailed grackle, Quiscalus mexicanus

New World warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae

The wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some like the ovenbird and the two waterthrushes, are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

 * Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapilla
 * Worm-eating warbler, Helmitheros vermivorum (C)
 * Louisiana waterthrush, Parkesia motacilla
 * Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis
 * Golden-winged warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera
 * Blue-winged warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera
 * Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia
 * Prothonotary warbler, Protonotaria citrea
 * Tennessee warbler, Leiothlypis peregrina
 * Orange-crowned warbler, Leiothlypis celata
 * Nashville warbler, Leiothlypis ruficapilla
 * Connecticut warbler, Oporornis agilis
 * MacGillivray's warbler, Geothlypis tolmiei (A)
 * Mourning warbler, Geothlypis philadelphia
 * Kentucky warbler, Geothlypis formosa (C)
 * Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas
 * Hooded warbler, Setophaga citrina
 * American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla
 * Kirtland's warbler, Setophaga kirtlandii (A)
 * Cape May warbler, Setophaga tigrina
 * Cerulean warbler, Setophaga cerulea
 * Northern parula, Setophaga americana
 * Magnolia warbler, Setophaga magnolia
 * Bay-breasted warbler, Setophaga castanea
 * Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca
 * Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia
 * Chestnut-sided warbler, Setophaga pensylvanica
 * Blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata
 * Black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens
 * Palm warbler, Setophaga palmarum
 * Pine warbler, Setophaga pinus
 * Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata
 * Yellow-throated warbler, Setophaga dominica (C)
 * Prairie warbler, Setophaga discolor (C)
 * Black-throated gray warbler, Setophaga nigrescens (A)
 * Townsend's warbler, Setophaga townsendi (A)
 * Hermit warbler, Setophaga occidentalis (A)
 * Black-throated green warbler, Setophaga virens
 * Canada warbler, Cardellina canadensis
 * Wilson's warbler, Cardellina pusilla
 * Painted redstart, Myioborus pictus (A)

Cardinals and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae

The Cardinalidae are a family of robust seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

 * Summer tanager, Piranga rubra
 * Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea
 * Western tanager, Piranga ludoviciana
 * Northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis
 * Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus
 * Black-headed grosbeak, Pheucticus melanocephalus (C)
 * Blue grosbeak, Passerina caerulea
 * Lazuli bunting, Passerina amoena (C)
 * Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea
 * Painted bunting, Passerina ciris (C)
 * Dickcissel, Spiza americana

title: List of birds of Minnesota


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Portal:Astronomy/Picture/22 June 2005

The Ring Nebula is one of the best known planetary nebulae, and was formed probably a few thousand years ago when a Sun-like star shed its outer layers at the end of its life. Although the nebula appears smooth and regular from the ground, the higher optical resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope reveals intricate structure.

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/22 June 2005


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Portal:Astronomy/Picture/23 June 2005

The rings of Saturn are one of the most famous sights in the night sky, and are spectacular even when viewed through a very small telescope. They consist of millions of icy fragments extending over a region some 400,000 kilometres across. The origin of Saturn’s rings is not yet understood.

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/23 June 2005


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Portal:Astronomy/Picture/24 June 2005

The Trifid Nebula is a star-forming H II region, so called because it is divided into three lobes by lanes of dust. It lies about 9,000 light years away from Earth in the constellation of Sagittarius. This Hubble Space Telescope image reveals a jet of material emerging from a cloud of dust, propelled by a young star within.

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/24 June 2005


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Potassium peroxide

Potassium peroxide is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula K2O2. It is formed as potassium reacts with oxygen in the air, along with potassium oxide (K2O) and potassium superoxide (KO2). Potassium peroxide reacts with water to form potassium hydroxide and oxygen:

 * 2 K2O2 + 2 H2O -> 4 KOH + O2 ↑

Properties
Potassium peroxide is a highly reactive, oxidizing white to yellowish solid which, while not flammable itself, reacts violently with flammable materials. It decomposes violently on contact with water. [1]

The standard enthalpy of formation of potassium peroxide is ΔH f 0 = −496 kJ/mol.

Usage
Potassium peroxide is used as an oxidizing agent and bleach (due to the peroxide), and to purify air.

title: Potassium peroxide


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Portal:Astronomy/Picture/25 June 2005

Mercury is a rather poorly studied planet. It has only been visited by one spacecraft, Mariner 10 in 1974 and 1975, and only half its surface has been mapped in detail. It rotates about its axis exactly 1.5 times in each orbit around the Sun, the only orbital resonance in the solar system with a value other than 1:1.

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/25 June 2005


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Portal:Astronomy/Picture/26 June 2005

The Cat's Eye Nebula is one of the most intricate and complex planetary nebulae known. This Hubble Space Telescope image reveals a mass of twists and knots of material in the nebula's inner region. The origin of this structure is not yet well understood by astronomers.

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/26 June 2005


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Portal:Astronomy/Picture/27 June 2005

Venus is the brightest object in the sky after the Sun and the Moon, often appearing as a brilliant morning star or evening star. Its surface is completely obscured by dense clouds, which appear blank and featureless in visible light. Ultraviolet observations can reveal the otherwise-invisible detail and structure in the clouds.

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/27 June 2005


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Portal:Astronomy/Picture/28 June 2005

M91 is an example of a barred spiral galaxy, in which the spiral arms originate not from the nucleus of the galaxy but from the ends of a bar extending outwards from the nucleus. The origin of the bar in galaxies like this is not well understood. Recent evidence suggests our own galaxy may be a barred spiral.

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/28 June 2005


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Drosia

Drosia (Δροσιά, meaning "dew", before 1947: Ρωσσοχώρι - Rossochori ) is a town in the East Attica regional unit and a suburb of the Athens agglomeration, Attica, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Dionysos, of which it is a municipal unit.

Drosia is a mainly residential suburb, known for its location in the midst of evergreen pine forests. During the extreme heat of Greek summers, many people from the whole Athens urban area drive up to Drosia on the weekends, seeking cool and shade in the taverns, cafes and one outdoor cinema theater, for which the area is known.

Geography
Drosia is situated in the hills in the northeastern part of the Athens conurbation, at about 370 m elevation. The municipal unit has an area of 2.201 km2. It lies at the northwestern foot of the Penteliko Mountain. It is 1 km southwest of Stamata, 3 km northeast of Ekali, 3 km south of Agios Stefanos and 19 km northeast of Athens city centre. Its built-up area is continuous with those of the neighbouring suburbs Stamata, Rodopoli, Dionysos and Ekali. Greek National Road 83 (Athens - Marathon - Rafina) passes through Drosia.

History
A former rural village, Drosia started growing with the arrival of refugees from Pontus after the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922. Originally named Rossochori, it was renamed to Drosia in 1947. It was part of the community of Stamata until 1950, when it became a separate community.

title: Drosia


text: Talk:Central trait

title: Talk:Central trait


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Bryan Baptiste

Bryan J. Baptiste (October 15, 1955 – June 22, 2008) was an American politician and member of the Republican Party. He served as mayor of the County of Kauai in Hawaii from 2002 until his death.

Early life
Baptiste was born in Līhuʻe, Kauai. He was the youngest child Eva Sybil Gomes and Anthony "Tony" Carmos Baptiste. Baptiste was Kānaka Maoli (Indigenous Hawaiian), Chinese, and a descendant of Portuguese immigrants who settled in Hawaii. He came from a family that has long been involved in politics on Kauai, including his father, who was chair of the former Kauai county board of supervisors, a position equivalent to mayor today.

Career
In 1996, Baptiste, then manager of the Kaua'i War Memorial Convention Hall and head of an islandwide park beautification program, was elected to the Kaua'i County Council. Baptiste served as a member of the council for six years before running for mayor to succeed Republican Maryanne Kusaka, who was ineligible to run again due to term limits. In the 2002 mayoral election, Baptiste faced two fellow councilmembers, Democrats Ron Kouchi and Randal Valenciano. In the September primary election, Baptiste received 38% of the vote, Kouchi received 35%, and Valenciano won 21%, allowing Baptiste and Kouchi to advance to the runoff. In the runoff Baptiste defeated Kouchi, winning 12,174 votes to Kouchi's 10,517.

In 2006, Baptiste avoided a runoff by two votes (he needed fifty percent of the vote plus one vote to win), joking, "We had one vote more than we needed to win. That's the cushion."

Baptiste died while in office of a heart attack on June 22, 2008. He was succeeded by his former deputy, Bernard Carvalho, who won a special election to complete Baptiste's term.

Legacy
Baptiste has since been memorialized with the Kapa'a New Town Park Facility renamed in his honor, following a million dollar upgrade of park facilities, including the installation of new lighting systems, locker rooms, and grass strips for the football field, improvements that Baptiste had long advocated for. He is survived by his wife Annette and their four children.

title: Bryan Baptiste


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Remnant Pokémon

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:57, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Remnant Pokémon
non notable and messy Melaen 19:29, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I disagree with you on a subtle point; the Missingno and Mysterio pokemon glitches are well-documented, scrutinised parts of the Pokemon games. That is why they are covered in those articles. This article is factually incorrect, as well: Pikablu and Houhou are now canonical pokemon. This article is redundant and should be deleted. jglc | t | c 20:06, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, outdated and irrelevant information. --Sn0wflake 00:32, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete redundant fork. JamesBurns 07:45, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete outdated, not very useful to anyone Sonic Mew 11:50, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Portal:Astronomy/Picture/31 June 2005

This montage of images demonstrates the resolving power of the Hubble Space Telescope. Although the galaxy is at a distance of 6.5 million light years from Earth, the HST’s Advanced Camera for Surveys reveals individual stars in the outer parts of the galaxy.

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/31 June 2005


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Southern California Bight

The Southern California Bight is a 692-kilometer-long (430 mi) stretch of curved coastline that runs along the west coast of the United States and Mexico, from Point Conception in California to Punta Colonet in Baja California, plus the area of the Pacific Ocean defined by that curve. This includes the Channel Islands of California and the Coronado Islands and Islas de Todo Santos of Baja California.

The region is known for having a climate similar to that of the Mediterranean, consisting of rainy winters and dry summers. The Southern California Bight has a thriving ecosystem that is home to many species of plant life, fish, birds, and mammals.

History
Various Native American peoples occupied the lands in and around the Southern California Bight for tens of thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans. When Spanish explorers arrived in the 16th century the Chumash people occupied the northern coastal region of the bight, as well as the four Northern Channel Islands, and the Tongva (or Gabrieleño) occupied the Los Angeles Basin and Southern Channel Islands. The Payómkawichum and Kumeyaay occupied the southern portion of the bight.

In 1542, at present day San Diego Bay, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo of Spain, along with his crew, were the first European explorers to land in the region. Cabrillo is said to have been buried on one of the Channel Islands. The first permanent European settlers of the Southern California Bight, led by Juan Pérez, arrived in 1769 on the San Antonio. The Spanish government had planned a three-part occupation plan to check Russian settlement in Alta California.

In 2013-14, scientists witnessed the largest die-off of sea stars ever recorded along the Pacific Coast. The outbreak of sea star wasting disease caused significant changes to the ecosystem as sea stars are a keystone species that plays an important role in controlling the numbers of other creatures.

Geography
The Southern California Bight stretches for about 692 km along the Pacific coast of North America, of which about 456 km is located within the United States and 236 km is located within Mexico. The rough midpoint of the bight is located about 8 km southeast of San Clemente in San Onofre State Beach.

Coastal topology
The coastal topology of the Southern California Bight is varied, featuring alluvial plains and marine terraces broken up by mountains of the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges. Numerous islands lie off the coast, the largest of which is Santa Cruz Island of the Channel Islands.

The northern and central portions of the bight are largely urbanized within the Greater Los Angeles and San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan areas, while the rest remains largely rural. Other major cities located along the bight include Santa Barbara, Ventura, Oxnard, Playas de Rosarito, and Ensenada. The Gaviota Coast in Santa Barbara County, California is the last undeveloped stretch of Southern California coastline with dramatic bluffs, isolated beaches and terraced grasslands.

Submarine topology
Notable submarine features include Hueneme Canyon, La Jolla Canyon, Newport Canyon, and Redondo Canyon.

Bodies of water
Major bodies of water that are part of the Southern California Bight include:
 * Alamitos Bay
 * All Saints Bay
 * Capistrano Bight
 * Gulf of Santa Catalina
 * La Jolla Cove
 * Newport Bay
 * Salsipuedes Bay
 * San Diego Bay
 * San Pedro Bay
 * Santa Barbara Channel
 * Santa Monica Bay

Climate
The northern portion of the bight features a predominantly Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb) with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The central and southern portions of the bight feature a predominantly semi-arid climate (Köppen Bsk) with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. A marine layer typically forms just off the coast during late spring and early summer, blanketing coastal communities in cooler air which, if saturated, also contains fog.

There is a difference in monthly mean temperature of 10 °C between the cities of Los Angeles and San Diego. Most precipitation in this coastal area takes place in the months of December, January, and February with a monthly mean rate of 51 - 84 mm

Biology
The Southern California Bight acts as a transition between many different water masses, including the Pacific subarctic, Pacific equatorial, and the North Pacific central water masses. Due to its central location, the fish fauna includes species native to these other water masses. A total of 481 species of California marine fish, 195 species of birds, and seven species of pinnipeds inhabit the Southern California Bight.

Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton serve an important role in the Southern Californian coastal ecosystem. These single-celled organisms are the main food source for zooplankton and help support the fish population. In doing so, they help establish a stable food chain for all the animals in the coastal region. Since the population of fish is directly related to the production of phytoplankton, the growth in phytoplankton numbers increases the yield of local fisheries.

Fish
Basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) are being studied through a research program begun in 2009 by NOAA.

Common fish found in the epipelagic zone include:

Common fish found in the neritic zone include: Common fish found in the rocky intertidal zone include: Many different species of fish rely on the kelp forests as a source of life. Populations of fish are larger in areas with a higher concentration of kelp. Fish that live in and rely on kelp forests include kelp surfperch (Brachyistius frenatus), kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus), giant kelpfish (Heterostichus rostratus), and kelp rockfish (Sebastes atrovirens). A study conducted near San Luis Obispo, California showed that when kelp was removed from a nearby reef, fish biomass declined by 63%. Juvenile fish rely on kelp beds as nursery grounds. Southern California Edison built a 174 acre off San Clemente in 2008.
 * Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax)
 * Pacific mackerel (Scomber australasicus)
 * Pacific bonito (Sarda chiliensis)
 * Yellowtail (Seriola lalandi dorsalis)
 * Blue shark (Prionace glauca)
 * Swordfish (Xiphias gladius)
 * Queenfish (Seriphus politus)
 * White croaker (Genyonemus lineatus)
 * Pacific butterfish (Peprilus simillimus)
 * Walleye surfperch (Hyperprosopon anale)
 * Woody sculpin (Clinocottus analis)
 * Rockpool blenny (Hypsoblennius gilberti)
 * Spotted kelpfish (Gibbonsia elegans)

Birds
The Southern California Bight is home to 195 species of birds, including endangered species such as the light-footed clapper rail (Rallus longirostris levipes). Some birds nest and hunt near bodies of waters, such as bays, harbors, and oceans, including areas where kelp grows. Some species, such as the brown pelican and some species of cormorants commonly dive head first into the water, attempting to catch fish. Other species of birds, such as grebes and loons migrate from Baja California over the nearshore waters, and will stop to fish and feed. Birds that live in the rocky shore have adapted to finding food, and specialize in prying grabbing prey that clings to the rocky shore. Common birds of the rocky seashore include black oystercatchers (Haemotopus bachmani), wandering tattlers (Heteroscelus incanus), and Surfbirds (Aphorize virgata). Other birds, such as sandpipers, egrets, and herons utilize tidal patterns, venturing out to rocks during low tide in hopes of catching prey. Non-seabirds also nest on rocky seashore surfaces. Peregrine falcons and ravens are known to nest on remote sea cliffs. Sandy beaches are inhabited by plovers, terns, marbled godwits (Limosa fedoa), and several species of gulls.

Marine mammals
Due to its central location of warm and cool ocean currents, the Southern California Bight sees a wide variety of marine mammals. Some reside here regularly, some pass through on migratory routes, and others only show up to utilize a certain food source. The Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act helped to prevent any marine mammal "take", which entails hunting, harassing, exploiting marine mammals for their pelt, meat, oil, etc.

Pinnipeds
The most abundant pinnipeds in the Southern California Bight are the California sea lions. Northern elephant seals are known to have breeding grounds in the Southern California Bight, mostly on San Miguel and San Nicolas islands. Sea otters were once common in the Southern California Bight, but due to hunting, they have since mostly retreated to northern waters. Otter sightings in the Southern California Bight happen rarely.

Cetaceans
Gray whales pass through the Southern California Bight on their migration routes, typically migrating very close to land. They pass through the Southern California Bight on their southbound route from December through February towards Baja California, and return northbound towards southern Alaska, passing the Southern California Bight from February to May. Their migration patterns are among the longest of any mammal, spanning over 16100 km. Blue whales also use the Southern California Bight as a part of their migratory routes. They leave Baja California by early summer, and are usually present in the Southern California Bight in June. The common dolphin is the most abundant cetacean in the Southern California Bight. Common dolphins typically appear in the Southern California Bight during years with warmer water, and are more abundant in the summer and winter.

Other marine life
The sweet potato sea cucumber (Caudina arenicola) is an endemic species of sea cucumber that digs burrows in loose coastal sediments along the entire length of the bight. The sea cucumbers are often preyed upon by sea birds and larger marine animals.

Natural resources
The Southern California Bight is characterized by coastal and offshore oil reserves. For the past century, the offshore areas of coastal cities such as Goleta, Santa Monica, and Huntington Beach have been home to oil extraction sites. With the presence of these oil reserves comes the construction of relative infrastructure including pipelines.

Other primary resources that come from the Southern California Bight region include anchovies, sardines, mackerel, and bass. The thriving marine life and accessible seafood source has led to the development of harbors and marinas all across the Southern California coast.

Preservation
The entire coast of California along the bight, including all islands within 12 nautical miles of the mainland, are protected within California Coastal National Monument. The waters around the Channel Islands are protected within both Channel Islands National Park and Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary.

In Baja California, the ecology of Guadalupe Island, Isla Todos Santos, and the Coronado Islands are protected within the Baja California Pacific Islands Marine Conservation Area.

title: Southern California Bight


text: Talk:Hodology

title: Talk:Hodology


text:
Talk:Steve Cohen (businessman)

Untitled
Why is the page called "Steven A. Cohen"? Yeah, I know "SAC" is his initials but "ESL" is Edward Lampert's initials and nobody calls him "Edward S. Lampert". I think it should be simply "Steven Cohen".

What is wrong with this page Antares33712? It is wikified.

It seems to be a page of quality to me (but of course I wrote it.)

 * I agree, and took off the tags. Also added a reference (although he stays out of the media limelight, any other references would be very welcome) Afelton 20:06, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Special Privileges
I agree that the alleged "special privileges" given to SAC are noteworthy, but I tried to tone down the prose into encyclopedic style, hope that's OK. Afelton 01:22, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

Would the contributor explain this line?
Photographs of the hedge fund manager are not available '''because Cohen has carefully cultivated an air of mystery. This helps him to ingratiate himself with the media, which frequently uses him as a source of information. [1].'''

The citation is interesting and a good contribution, but nowhere in the citation does it mention this reasoning. Furthermore, how can the media use him as a source of information if he is so secretive? This line begs to be revised, deleted, or at least defended by whoever wrote it. (Tvwatcher 03:56, 30 April 2006 (UTC))

I have repeatedly attempted to add this fact, that Cohen has purchased the rights to his photos from news sources to protect his privacy, using citations, and have had it removed within moments by various moderators.

Year.
Hi, I happened to notice that there is some problems in the article. I mean, there is question mark on his birth year. Does Question mark indicate tentative? Regards. Daniel's page   ☎  06:33, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Secrecy
I Changed the secrecy section, the link source mentioned nothing about armed guards, and he was on the front page of the Sept 16 06 Wall street journal,so while he isnt so forthcoming to the media, neither is he a recluse, the article has a photo of him eating at a local hot dog stand.

Net Worth
Near the beginning and end, the article reports two different net worths: $3B and $5B. The number should be consistent.
 * Agreed. A user has changed his net worth to an unsourced amount. Who knows, Cohen's net worth could be $5 billion instead of $3 billion but the Forbes info says otherwise and without a source it shouldn't be included. --Tvwatcher 22:17, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

It should be noted that while he does have seven children, two of them from a previous marriage live in New York City.
 * Three from the previous marriage, actually. I've addressed it.— DMCer ™  04:15, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Bot report : Found duplicate references !
In the last revision I edited, I found duplicate named references, i.e. references sharing the same name, but not having the same content. Please check them, as I am not able to fix them automatically :) DumZiBoT (talk) 16:56, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * "haden" :
 * Haden-Guest, Anthony, "Top Billionaire Art Collectors," Web page, Forbes magazine Web site, March 8, 2005, accessed July 25, 2006
 * Top Billionaire Art Collectors - Forbes.com
 * Addressed.— DMCer ™  04:32, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Vandalism
I removed the Vandalism.. I think this article should be locked or at least set where unregistered users cannot edit it.

K8cpa (talk) 03:06, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

Martone
This should be in the article, but it shouldn't be most of the lede. I moved it to a more appropriate section. Possibly might justify a sentence in the lede if the story develops. "implicated" would usually raise significant BLP concerns, but the WSJ  used the word not just in its article, but in the headline.  DGG ( talk ) 19:03, 21 November 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110417082201/http://online.wsj.com:80/article/BT-CO-20091216-714552.html to http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20091216-714552.html

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Factual Updates
I would like to make a few factual updates to this bio. I work for Point72 Asset Management, which is owned by Mr. Cohen; I have recently worked on the Point72 article, with some input from experienced Wikipedians. I recognize there is the potential for conflict of interest, which is why I am trying to keep my edits limited to clear factual points that can be substantiated by independent sources. Any feedback or help would be much appreciated. -AlexReads (talk) 16:04, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

 * I have made some changes to the lead section to reflect the January 2016 settlement. I am also hoping to do so shortly for the Controversy section, which covers these issues in greater depth. There are several small issues with that section, which make it difficult to follow; it doesn't fully cover the status of Martoma's conviction (it should note his Oct. '15 appeal); the "Five employees..." statement is out of date and no longer accurate; and the quotes at the end of the first paragraph (from Reuters and from Cohen) characterize details of a case that has now been settled, and seem out of place. Better to cover the outcome of the settlement, than the play-by-play details during its litigation. -AlexReads (talk) 19:30, 20 May 2016 (UTC)

Requesting review
and, you have both been helpful with my edits to the Point72 Asset Management article. Would you mind taking a look at what I've done here on Steven Cohen's biography? I think it's all pretty uncontroversial, but because of the potential conflict of interest I'm hoping somebody independent and more experienced with Wikipedia can take a look, and let me know if I've strayed from Wikipedia standards in any way. -AlexReads (talk) 16:11, 23 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I assume you mean the Controversy section? I took a brief glance and didn't notice anything that would be particularly problematic. We should, as always, follow the policies on Biographies of living persons and err on the safe side. Any other views on this? TheSoundAndTheFury (talk) 01:45, 24 June 2016 (UTC)
 * No specific section -- I have tried to be minimal and evenhanded in my edits, but I appreciate external review. I know that editing as part of one's work is a hot topic on Wikipedia; I want to be respectful of policies and avoid potential future issues, so I'm hoping to get some eyes on my work sooner rather than later. I appreciate your taking a look, . There are a few further details I'd like to attend to here, but am mostly done. -AlexReads (talk) 14:37, 5 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I am fine with the edits. Also, kudos to you for honestly disclosing your conflict of interest. Let me know if there's anything else I can help with. TheSoundAndTheFury (talk) 00:44, 6 July 2016 (UTC)

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Edits to article
Hello User:DocWatson42, User:Edwardx, User:TheSoundAndTheFury and any other editors who may see this note. I work for Point72 Asset Management and would like help with updating the article on Steven A. Cohen. The edits I would like help with are as follows:

I would to add new information immediately after this line in the Career section: Cohen's civil case was settled in January 2016; the agreement prohibited Cohen from managing outside money until 2018. In 2016, Steve Cohen established Point72 Ventures, a venture capital fund that makes early-stage investments in Asia, Europe, Central America, and the United States. In 2018, Point72 became a registered investment advisor and raised $5 billion in capital from outside investors.

 * hi AlexReads I have added in the establishment of Point 72 Ventures.WestportWiki (talk) 22:50, 18 June 2019 (UTC)

Next I would like to make factual updates to the Wealth and Philanthropy section. I would like to replace this:

In April 2016, Cohen committed $275 million to establishing mental health centers for veterans and their families nationwide. The first two opened in Texas in the following months; centers in Los Angeles and Philadelphia were scheduled to open by the end of 2016, and a total of 25 are planned by 2020

With this:

In 2016, Cohen donated $275 million to establish mental health centers for veterans and their families throughout the U.S. As of 2019, 12 centers were operating, with a total of 25 planned by 2020. The name of the organization operating the centers is Cohen Veterans Network. Cohen Veterans Bioscience, also funded by Steve Cohen, conducts research into the effects of PTS on combat veterans.

 * hi AlexReads I have added some of the changes you requested. After reviewing the citations and then doing some further research I could not find a clear donation of $275 million or multiple donations to add up to $275 million so I have left the language more along the lines of commitment vs donated. I removed the details of the number of the specific centers opening as that is more helpful on the Cohen Veterans Network page.WestportWiki (talk) 22:34, 18 June 2019 (UTC)

Additionally, I would like to update the section about the litigation between Cohen and his brother, and his ex-wife Patricia. The case has been dismissed. The update would follow this:

In December 2009, Cohen and his brother Donald T. Cohen were sued by Steven's ex-wife Patricia Cohen for racketeering and insider trading charges.[64] On March 30, 2011, the United States District Court in Lower Manhattan dismissed the case, but on 3 April 2013, the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New York said a lower court had erred in dismissing fraud-based claims by his former spouse and revived the lawsuit.[65][66][67][68][69] The addition is: In 2016, the U.S. District Court of Manhattan dismissed the lawsuit in favor of the Cohen brothers. Chief Judge Loretta Preska ruled that Steven Cohen did not fraudulently hide $5.5 million in an attempt to “lowball” his net worth.

Thanks! AlexReads (talk) 07:30, 12 June 2019 (UTC)

 * hi AlexReads I am concerned that the ratio of content to sources on the Steven A Cohen page is becoming in balanced. Given that you work at Point 72 and must see all of the press are you aware of any pieces that can be used to support the text you want to add with just a couple of sources from reputable places? this would be super helpful. thank you.WestportWiki (talk) 03:28, 13 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Hello WestportWiki, sorry for the delayed response. To be clear: Are you suggesting that I do not need all the citations I have included for this round of edits, but just the highest level ones? If so, once I get re-settled (job transition), I will winnow down the edits. I would, of course, appreciate your review of that work once it is completed. Thanks again for all your help! AlexReads (talk) 05:06, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

 * hi AlexReads after asking the question I spent time sorting through, checking and removing many of the citations that were duplicative and so forth and finding alternatives for those that needed assistance eg more reputable citations. Best, WestportWiki (talk) 16:19, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

Art
The art section indicates that Mr. Cohen often overpays for art and conjectures "that seems to be part of the fun". Overpaying for art for a person of his stature also generally increases its value to at least whatever he paid for it, a hallmark of a scheme of using art for tax evasion used numerous times by the ultra-rich. At the very least, I don't think this article should conjecture on the intent of his notable above-market offers on art without citation. Abovfold (talk) 02:39, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

New vandalism
I'm sure a Mets fan is excited about the pending removal of the Wilbon family, but even so, it's not cool to put "long may he reign" on Cohen's page!

"Cohen... is an American billionaire hedge fund manager"
Why mention "billionaire" right in the opening sentence? I don't see Warren Buffett or Elon Musk described as "billionaire" from the get go (or Paul McCartney for that matter). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 185.175.34.175 (talk) 11:02, 31 January 2021 (UTC)

 * I agree and have edited the page accordingly.Shadybabs (talk) 22:37, 1 February 2021 (UTC)

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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:22, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Steve Cohen 2022.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:37, 14 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Hedge fund Billionaire Steve A Cohen Point72.jpg

title: Talk:Steve Cohen (businessman)


text:
Housesitter

Housesitter is a 1992 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Oz, written by Mark Stein, and starring Steve Martin and Goldie Hawn. The premise involves a woman with con-artist tendencies who worms her way into the life of a reserved architect by claiming to be his wife.

Plot
Newton Davis (Steve Martin) is a struggling architect. After building his dream house for himself and his longtime girlfriend Becky (Dana Delany) in his hometown, he is crushed when she refuses to marry him. He is unable to bring himself to live in the house, and leaves it abandoned and with a debt he cannot afford. Three months later, Newton meets a waitress named Gwen (Goldie Hawn) at a Hungarian restaurant in Boston. Believing that she cannot speak English, he spills out his sob story about Becky and the abandoned house. After the restaurant closes for the night, Newton learns she merely pretended to be Hungarian, and can speak English. He walks her home, which turns out to be a small apartment upstairs at the restaurant. They end up having sex.

The next morning, Gwen finds that Newton left in the middle of the night. However, he unintentionally left behind the drawing of the house he'd built for Becky. Interest piqued by the drawing, Gwen takes a bus ride out to see the house. She is charmed by it, and decides to move in. Gwen goes to the town's general store, where she charges her groceries to the "Newton Davis" account. When questioned about this, Gwen, who it becomes clear is a natural liar, says that she is Newton's wife. Gwen meets Becky, and spins a lengthy romantic story about how they fell in love, which surprises and impresses Becky. Gwen also meets Newton's parents, who are heartbroken that Newton got "married" without telling them, but Gwen manages to smooth things over with them with her charm.

Soon after, Newton travels to his hometown and is shocked to see that his house is lived in. When he finds out what Gwen has done he is initially furious, but he soon sees the potential in her being there. Gwen starts creating all sorts of opportunities for Newton: mending his relationship with his parents, helping out with his career by befriending Newton's boss and highlighting his long-ignored talent, and making Becky jealous. Newton and Gwen come to an agreement in which Gwen will help Newton win Becky, and in return she'll get all the furniture in the house. Through their time together, Newton begins to rely more on Gwen beyond their agreement, and Gwen starts to feel attached to her life with Newton. It is also revealed that Gwen became a compulsive liar in order to escape from what she feels is her own inadequate background, and that she has "changed" her life numerous times.

The film culminates with a reception held at the house in which the sub-plots of Newton's career, family and affections for Becky are brought together. Annoyed with Becky for her superior and suspicious attitude, Gwen confronts her in front of everyone, accusing her of trying to win Newton back. Gwen storms out of the house in tears, and Newton follows her, thinking it is still part of the plan. Outside alone, Newton praises Gwen for her brilliance, but Gwen replies that she wanted their marriage to work. Her feelings for him are apparent. Newton's boss gives him the promotion. Newton watches, confused, as Gwen leaves. Becky takes the opportunity to make a move on Newton, and asks whether all of Gwen's elaborate stories were real. Newton answers that they were all true and chases after Gwen.

Newton stops Gwen as she is about to board a bus to leave town. Although she resists, Newton follows her example and begins telling an outlandish romantic story of something they "did", which makes Gwen decide to stay. The film ends on the note of Newton and Gwen being happily married and living together in the house. As Newton and Gwen go into the house together, the final spoken words are of Newton saying "I love you, Gwen" and Gwen replying, "Actually, it's Jessica."

Cast

 * Steve Martin as Newton Davis
 * Goldie Hawn as Gwen Duncle/Buckley/Phillips
 * Dana Delany as Becky Metcalf
 * Julie Harris as Edna Davis
 * Donald Moffat as George Davis
 * Peter MacNicol as Marty
 * Richard B. Shull as Ralph / Bernie Duncle
 * Ken Cheeseman as Harv
 * Laurel Cronin as Mary / Mary Duncle
 * Roy Cooper as Winston Moseby
 * Christopher Durang as Reverend Lipton

Production
According to Rotten Tomatoes, the house featured in the film was designed by New York architects Trumbull & Associates. Christopher Lukenbeal's 1995 master's thesis A Geography in Film, A Geography of Film cites Debra Wassman of Trumbull: "the house is the real star of the film". The 1800-square-foot, three-bedroom home, built in Carlisle, Massachusetts, won the House Beautiful/American Wood Council Award for Best Small House of 1990 and blueprints were available for purchase from Princeton Architectural Press.

The role of Gwen Phillips was initially offered to Meg Ryan, who pulled out due to creative differences.

Principal photography ran from August to October 1991, and took place in Massachusetts, with filming locations including Boston, Concord, Carlisle, and Cohasset.

Release and reception
Housesitter received mixed reviews from critics, as it holds a 36% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 22 reviews. Noted film critic Roger Ebert, gave it three stars saying, "this is one of [Goldie Hawn's] best performances" and praised her and Steve Martin's impeccable comic timing.

Vincent Canby of The New York Times opined that the film is "a cardboard vehicle in which Steve Martin and Goldie Hawn ride up front, doing what each does with great talent and occasional vigor, and a lot of very able character actors sit in the back, kibitzing and adding local color." Gene Siskel wrote that the film was "a one-note comedy with screwball aspirations [that] is amusing while it sets up its premise [and then] attempts to recycle the premise into a story." Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times called the film "an occasionally amusing screwball farce made by people whose screws are barely loose at all."

The film was released theatrically on June 12, 1992, after being moved back from an initial May 8 release date, and performed reasonably well for a low-key comedy film. It earned $9.1 million on its opening weekend and $58.5 million for its entire domestic theatrical run, grossing a total of $94.9 million worldwide.

The film was released on DVD on July 22, 1998 and eventually on Blu-ray on April 16, 2019.

title: Housesitter


text:
Category:Subdivisions of Ethiopia

he:קטגוריה:אתיופיה: מחוזות

title: Category:Subdivisions of Ethiopia


text:
Ottawa Memorial

The Ottawa Memorial is a monument in Ottawa, Ontario, that "commemorates by name almost 800 men and women who lost their lives while serving or training with the Air Forces of the Commonwealth in Canada, the West Indies and the United States and who have no known grave. " Located on Sussex Drive overlooking the Ottawa River near the Rideau Falls, the monument was unveiled in 1959 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada. It is maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. During the Second World War, 798 men and women killed with Commonwealth air forces in or over Canadian territory.

The memorial lists the names, ranks and nations of origin of almost 800 service personnel, ordered by the year of their death, on two semi-circular walls that surround a small pool containing a sculpture of the world with an eagle perched on top. Plaques in English and French contain the following text:

"In the Second World War air power played an increasingly important role in offensive and defensive capacities.

At the start of the war there was a shortage of aircraft and trained pilots. The United Kingdom was considered too vulnerable to attack and so training centres were established elsewhere. Bases in North America trained over 137,000 Commonwealth air crew, making a vital contribution to the Allied victory, while much needed aircraft and supplies were ferried to the United Kingdom from the United States and Canada by both civilian and air force personnel.

This memorial, unveiled by Queen Elizabeth II in 1959, commemorates by name almost 800 men and women who lost their lives while serving or training with the Air Forces of the Commonwealth in Canada, the West Indies and the United States and who have no known grave. Their names are arranged according to year of death, force and rank.

The Commonwealth War Graves Commission is responsible for the maintenance of graves and memorials in some 150 countries which commemorate around 1,700,000 members of the Commonwealth forces who died in the two world wars. The war dead commemorated here and elsewhere include those of several different faiths and of none."

title: Ottawa Memorial


text:
Portal:Astronomy/Picture/29 June 2005

The strikingly-shaped Engraved Hourglass Nebula is a planetary nebula lying about 8,000 light-years away. The cause of its curious shape is not fully undersood, but may be due to a dense band of gas in the plane of the central star's equator, which is sculpting the outflowing stellar wind into the form seen.

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/29 June 2005


text:
Portal:Astronomy/Picture/30 June 2005

Pluto is the most distant planet from the Sun during most of its orbit, and is the least well studied – it is the only planet yet to be visited by a space probe. Debate continues as to whether it is even a planet at all. This image was produced by mapping brightness changes as Pluto was occulted by its moon Charon.

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/30 June 2005


text:
Killer Moth

Killer Moth (Drury Walker) is a supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, usually as an adversary and dedicated original foil personality of Batman (prior to the creations of Wrath, Prometheus, and Hush). Like Batman, he has no superpowers and relies on his technical equipment, including a Mothmobile and numerous gimmicks. Killer Moth originally wore a garish costume of purple and green striped fabric, with an orange cape and moth-like mask. In Underworld Unleashed, Killer Moth is transformed into the monster Charaxes with superhuman abilities.

Publication history
Killer Moth first appeared in Batman #63 (February 1951) and was created by Bill Finger, Dick Sprang, and Lew Schwartz.

Pre-Crisis/ "Cameron van Cleer"
The original Killer Moth was a prisoner identified only by his prison number, 234026. While in prison, he reads a newspaper article about Batman and decides to set himself up as the "anti-Batman", hiring himself out to Gotham City's criminals to help them elude capture by police. Upon his release, he uses the hidden proceeds of his crimes to build a "Mothcave", modeled on the photos of the Batcave in the newspaper article he read. Killer Moth also establishes a false identity as millionaire philanthropist Cameron van Cleer, during which he befriends Bruce Wayne. Meanwhile, he promotes himself to Gotham's criminals using his identity as Killer Moth, giving them each an infrared Moth-Signal. In his first job, he rescues some criminals from the police and then uses his Mothmobile to defeat and capture Batman and Robin. The duo escape and lead Killer Moth to a climactic battle on Gotham Bridge, in which he is defeated. In his third appearance (Detective Comics #173 (July 1951)) Killer Moth kidnaps Bruce Wayne and learns his secret identity. However, he is shot by other criminals and the resultant cranial injury causes amnesia. He remains a persistent enemy through the Silver Age of Comic Books, being the first villain Batgirl encounters in Detective Comics #359 (January 1967). He teams up with the Cavalier twice: the first time in Batman Family #10 (March–April 1977), where they battle Batgirl and Batwoman (Kathy Kane, who comes out of retirement for the first time in years) and the second (and final) time in Batman Family #15 (December 1977-January 1978), where they battle Batgirl and Robin.

Post-Crisis
In the 1990s, in the post-Crisis continuity, Killer Moth's real identity is revealed as Drury Walker, an unsuccessful criminal whom no one takes seriously. He again adopts the false identity of Cameron van Cleer and the persona of Killer Moth to fight Batman. This version first appears in Batman: Shadow of the Bat #7-9 (December 1992-February 1993), with a more detailed origin story appearing in Batgirl: Year One #1-9 (February–October 2003).

In Batman: Shadow of the Bat #7-9, Killer Moth sets up a team called "the Misfits", comprising Batman villains such as the Catman and the Calendar Man, to make another kidnapping attempt on Bruce Wayne, as well as other prominent citizens. This team proves unsuccessful, turning against Killer Moth when they realize he plans to kill the hostages. He is one of the villains who sells their souls to the demon-lord Neron in Underworld Unleashed #1 (November 1995) and in Robin (vol. 2) #23-24 (December 1995-January 1996), where he asks to become feared instead of always being laughed at. He is metamorphosed into a carnivorous moth-like monster called Charaxes. As Charaxes, Walker resembles a vaguely humanoid, giant brown moth. He consumes humans and spins cocoons in which to keep his prey. In a later story, Charaxes begins laying hundreds of eggs, all of which hatch into duplicates of Drury Walker. Charaxes despises his progeny, but is unable to destroy them. Following his capture, these duplicates are taken into government custody. During an argument between various bodies as to what should be done with them, they attack a scientist and are killed. At around the same time, the Oracle is confronted by a criminal named Danko Twag who claims to be the "real" Killer Moth (the one she had defeated), and that Drury Walker had been an impostor. During a rant in which he claims they are going to be a team, she captures him in an energy cell and he seemingly disintegrates himself.

In Infinite Crisis, Charaxes is killed by being ripped in half by Superboy-Prime during the Battle of Metropolis. To ensure the existence of Batman, Rip Hunter tells Booster Gold and Skeets that they have to make sure Wiley Dalbert, a time-travelling criminal who had hired Killer Moth, completes his crime successfully. Booster does this by dressing up as Killer Moth and taking his place. During the robbery, he is forced to fight with Batman and Robin and takes them both down. An unfortunate, unintended side effect of this is that, when they return to the present, Gotham still has no Batman and Killer Moth is now a serious threat, thanks to the "street cred" from the robbery. Booster, Skeets and his sister Goldstar attempt to fix the anomaly they created by taking Batman's place in the robbery, but things go wrong when Alfred Pennyworth intervenes; the Time Masters barely escape in the Batmobile. Instead they steal Batgirl's costume and purchase an Elvis costume for Booster. Booster stops the version of him dressed as Killer Moth from defeating Batman and makes sure that Wiley gets away with the loot, thus restoring the timeline.

During the Adventure Comics series' Blackest Night tie-in story, Charaxes is reanimated as a member of the Black Lantern Corps. Superboy-Prime destroys Charaxes on Earth Prime, using the black ring cycling through the power set, resulting in a burst of colored energy that destroys Black Lanterns. In The New 52, a more serious, less garish Drury Walker/Killer Moth appears as an enemy of Green Arrow. This version, preferring the title "Moth", utilizes a gas mask and a compression gun which he calls a "Stinger". Moth later appeared as a member of Richard Dragon's Longbow Hunters. He first appeared in the "Zero Year" story arc in which he was defeated by both Batman and Green Arrow, teaming up for the first time. In DC Rebirth, Killer Moth is again Drury Walker, a low-level criminal sporting a purple outfit and helmet.

Unknown
A new Killer Moth appears in Batman #652, during the Face the Face storyline wherein he displays competence in hand-to-hand combat and the ability of flight when facing Robin. He later appears working alongside fellow Gotham criminals the Firefly and Lock-Up in the Gotham Underground miniseries. The identity and origins of this new Killer Moth remain unrevealed. Several villains clad in Killer Moth costumes appear in Secret Six (vol. 3) #7. At least one of them is killed by Deadshot. Killer Moth recently appeared in the first issue of the miniseries Justice League: Cry for Justice. He was hired by Prometheus to kidnap and torture Mike Dante, ex-assistant to Atom ally Professor Hyatt. The two current holders of the Atom identity, Ray Palmer and Ryan Choi, tracked Killer Moth and his goons down to a hideout in Albuquerque, New Mexico and defeated them all. Ray Palmer then tortured Killer Moth by entering his head via the nasal pathways and growing inside his skull. Killer Moth immediately gave up Prometheus as his employer. In Red Robin #9, Red Robin returns to Gotham City where he runs into Killer Moth in his classic costume, holding a man at gunpoint. Red Robin thinks to himself: "I think this is Killer Moth. The costume and the man change from time to time, so you can never really tell". This Killer Moth seems to be scared and on the run, stating: "Are you with him? Are you with the Atom? I won't let you torture me, too!"

Powers, abilities, and equipment
In his original incarnation, Killer Moth has no superhuman abilities, but relies on the vast array of equipment he had developed. His range of gimmicks includes a Mothmobile and zipline cables, which allows him to swing through the skies as if he were flying. He even carries a cocoon gun that fires streams of sticky threads to totally envelop his victims. As Charaxes, he possesses immense strength, stamina, durability, speed, agility, and reflexes, as well as winged flight, natural weapons, and the secretion of acidic substances.

In the New 52, he utilizes an air pistol, which shoots out compressed waves powerful enough to stop bullets in mid-air.

Television

 * A short episode of the 1960s Batman series that introduced Batgirl featured Killer Moth (portrayed by Tim Herbert), but it was never aired. It had since been circulated through bootlegs on the Internet or at conventions. In 2014, it was released as a bonus feature in the series' official complete DVD/Blu-ray sets.
 * When asked about Killer Moth's inclusion in The New Batman Adventures, producer Bruce Timm expressed little interest and joked that the only way they would use him is if they could cast Dan Aykroyd for the role and have him scream, "I'm a bug!". Producer Alan Burnett, on the other hand, stated, "we just haven't thought of a good story for him yet". Ultimately, Killer Moth never appeared in the series.
 * Killer Moth appears in Teen Titans, initially voiced by Thomas Haden Church and later by Marc Worden. This version possesses bio-engineering expertise, a background in lepidopterology, and has a spoiled daughter named Kitten (voiced by Tara Strong). In the episode "Date with Destiny", he attempts to use mutant moths to take over Jump City. However, at the prodding of Kitten, whose boyfriend Fang (voiced by Will Friedle) recently broke up with her, Killer Moth forces Robin to take Kitten to her junior prom as well. With Starfire's help, Robin breaks the moth control device and Killer Moth, Fang, and Kitten are subsequently arrested while Beast Boy secretly adopts one of Killer Moth's mutant larva and names it Silkie. In the episode "Can I Keep Him?", Silkie bonds with Starfire and resists Killer Moth's attempts to control it. As of the episodes "Calling All Titans" and "Titans Together", Killer Moth and Kitten have joined the Brotherhood of Evil to attack young heroes across the world, but the expanded Teen Titans regroup and eventually defeat the Brotherhood.
 * Killer Moth, based on the Drury Walker incarnation, appears in The Batman, voiced by Jeff Bennett. This version is a physically weak individual with a milquetoast personality and poor combat capabilities. In his most notable appearance in the episode "Team Penguin", Killer Moth joins the Penguin's eponymous team, but serves as an errand boy until he is exposed to chemical fumes and radioactive moths that mutate him into a monstrous Charaxes-esque form nicknamed "Mothy". He intimidates the other members of Team Penguin into obeying their leader before they are all eventually defeated by Batman, Robin, and Batgirl. Killer Moth also makes a cameo appearance in the episode "Rumors" as a prisoner of the vigilante Rumor.
 * An amalgamated incarnation of Killer Moth appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by Corey Burton. This version is based on Drury Walker and once used the Cameron van Cleer alias.
 * Killer Moth appears in Teen Titans Go! (2013), voiced by Scott Menville. This version has a base underneath the Jump City Bridge.
 * Killer Moth appears in the DC Super Hero Girls (2019) episode "#BreakingNews". This version is a female mutant moth.

Film

 * Killer Moth appears in Batman: Bad Blood, voiced by Jason Spisak. This version is a mercenary aligned with the League of Assassins who serves as one of Talia al Ghul's henchmen, frequently working with Firefly to attack enemies from above. He is later crushed by a boulder while fighting Batwing.
 * Killer Moth appears in The Lego Batman Movie.
 * Killer Moth was meant to appear in Batgirl prior to its cancellation.

Video games

 * Killer Moth appears as a boss in Batman: The Video Game.
 * Killer Moth appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.

Lego

 * The Drury Walker incarnation of Killer Moth appears as a playable character and boss in Lego Batman: The Video Game, with vocal effects provided by Steve Blum. This version is attracted to bright lights like his namesake, wields a handgun, and can glide. In the Nintendo DS version, Killer Moth in both his original form and one based on his appearance in the Teen Titans animated series appear as unlockable characters.
 * Killer Moth appears as an optional boss and playable character in Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes, voiced by Joseph Balderrama.
 * Killer Moth appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, voiced by Christopher Corey Smith.

Merchandise

 * Killer Moth in his Charaxes form received an action figure in Mattel's The Batman: Shadowtek line in 2006.
 * Corgi Toys released a die-cast Killer Mothmobile in their Batman line in 2006.
 * A collector's version of Corgi's Killer Mothmobile, including a statuette of Killer Moth, was released in 2007.
 * Killer Moth received an action figure in Wave 6 of Mattel's DC Universe Classics line in 2009.
 * Three LEGO Minifigures based on Killer Moth have been produced. The first appeared in set 26054 Scarecrow: Harvest of Fear in 2016. The second appeared in set 76069 Batman vs. Killer Moth, as part of the Mighty Micros line released in 2017. The third was released in 2018 as part of the second Collectible Minifigure blind-bag series based on The Lego Batman Movie.
 * A modernized Killer Moth received an action figure in Spin Master's Creature Chaos Line in 2020.

Miscellaneous

 * The Teen Titans animated series incarnation of Killer Moth appears in Teen Titans Go! (2004).
 * The Batman incarnation of Killer Moth appears in The Batman Strikes!.
 * The Drury Walker incarnation of Killer Moth appears in the Batman: Arkham Knight prequel comic.
 * Killer Moth appears in DC Super Hero Girls (2015), voiced by Phil LaMarr.
 * Killer Moth appears in the Injustice 2 prequel comic as a member of the Suicide Squad before he is killed by Jason Todd.

title: Killer Moth


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