text:
Talk:Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland

The Office was created in 1885? Laurel Bush 12:51, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC).

Scottish Arms
When looking at the page the first coat of arms seen is the English Coat of Arms. However, the Scotland Office uses the Scottish Coat of Arms (see Scotland office website) ie the UK Governmnt uses the Scottish Arms whilst in Scotland. Possibly the easiest way to ensure that the correct conjunction between "Scotland Office" and coat of arms is to put the PoliticsScotland box in front of the PoliticsUK box). If no dissent I will make the changes.--Hywel Ashkenazy (talk) 09:24, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

No comments - so changed it. Possibly not the best solution, which could have been changing the coat of arms on the PoliticsUK box -- but only when it is used within scottish topics. Difficult to do? so posibly best fit. --Hywel Ashkenazy (talk) 22:33, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

Secretary of State
I've adjusted reference to there no longer being a separate office of Secretary of State for Scotland. The office does continue, but the holder also holds another office (currently Secretary of State for Transport). This is hard to explain succinctly as, at least in theory, there is only one office of Secretary of State, but which has multiple holders. Many functions conferred on the "Secretary of State" can be exercised by any Secretary of State, but in some cases they are conferred on named Secretaries of State (eg for Scotland) and can only be exercised by that particular Secretary of State.--George Burgess 13:41, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Arms Scot Exec.jpg
Image:Arms Scot Exec.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:55, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

"Within the Ministry of Justice"
What does this mean? How can one Government department be "within" another. It seems to me that the Scotland Office is a Government department in its own right, albeit that it may share administrative functions with the Ministry of Justice. Mooretwin (talk) 08:50, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

Subtle rebrand
The department, as of typing, appears now to be styled the "Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland" rather than the "Scotland Office". The Wales Office has been similarly modified, though Northern Ireland is unaffected. Robin S. Taylor (talk) 21:11, 21 October 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Scotland Office. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101122101034/http://cdn.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sr2010_completereport.pdf to http://cdn.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sr2010_completereport.pdf

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Relevance of text?
I am not sure that this is really relevant to the article 'Michael Crockart (a Liberal Democrat MP) resigned his post as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State on 9 December 2010 over the United Kingdom Government's plan for an increase in tuition fees.' This happened over seven years ago and there is no evidence that this had lasting significance or notability. Dunarc (talk) 19:03, 25 May 2018 (UTC)


text:
Alfred Hamish Reed

Sir Alfred Hamish Reed (30 December 1875 – 15 January 1975), generally known as A.H. Reed, was a New Zealand publisher, author and entrepreneur.

Early life
Alfred Hamish Reed was born at Hayes, Middlesex, in England on 30 December 1875, the son of James William Reed and Elizabeth Reed. He was the second oldest of four children to parents who were devout Baptists and raised their children accordingly. His father James managed a brick field but in 1882 purchased his own brick business in Walthamstow and moved his family to the area. Alfred Reed was educated at a small private school and then, from 1883, Maynard Road School. The family were all avid readers, and for Reed, books would prove to be a lifelong passion.

By 1886, James Reed's brick business was failing and had to close. This prompted him to migrate with his family to New Zealand. His maternal uncle lived there, in Motueka, and reported favourably on New Zealand in his letters to his sister, Alfred's mother. After a six-week voyage aboard the Arawa, the family arrived in Wellington in April 1887. They promptly travelled north to settle in Auckland but James Reed struggled to find employment. He eventually found work as a kauri gum digger in Northland while his family remained in Auckland. Elizabeth Reed supplemented the family's income through needlework. After several months, there was enough money to buy a block of land at Parahaki, to the east of Whangārei and the family moved there in late December 1887.

Living conditions were crude and the family lived simply, the parents instilling a strong work ethic in their children. Unable to find a Baptist church to attend, the family went to a Wesleyan Methodist church. They rejected an Anglican church that was closer to their home on the grounds that it was too conformist. Alfred Reed attended Whangarei Primary School from early 1888 but was soon withdrawn from it in favour of another school, operated on a part-time basis. Later in the year, he severely injured his leg to the point of being bedridden, with local doctors unable to diagnose the problem for 12 months. He was later sent to hospital in Auckland where infection of the femur bone was diagnosed. He stayed in hospital for a year, away from his parents who were unable to afford to visit him, and underwent three operations. He was eventually discharged in July 1890.

Returning to live with his parents, Reed was conscious of the burden that the expense of his medical care had caused his parents and in light of this, he decided to start working on the kauri gum fields alongside his father rather than finish his schooling. The work was hard, involving the extraction of gum from the ground and packing it. He also worked on the family's farmlet and would take occasional jobs cutting scrub or working on road construction. Realising he needed a skill to further himself, he decided to learn Pitman's shorthand; he hoped that this would lead to a career as a reporter.

Working in Auckland
By late 1895 Reed had become so proficient in shorthand he was sufficiently confident to go to Auckland to look for reporting work. Approaches made to the New Zealand Herald and the Auckland Star were turned down so he took the opportunity to take typewriter lessons. For accommodation, he boarded with a couple who lived on Karangahape Road and made the acquaintance of their daughter, Harriet Isabel Fisher. Like Reed, she and her parents were English immigrants who had settled in Auckland in 1885. Known to Reed as Belle, she was nine years older and a devout Wesleyan Methodist. At the typewriting school, he made the acquaintance of T. G. DeRenzy, the co-owner and manager of the New Zealand Typewriter Company, who at the end of the year offered Reed a job as a shorthand writer and message boy. He soon parted ways with his employer to take up an Auckland agency for Remington Typewriter Company but this proved short-lived. In June 1896, he returned to the New Zealand Typewriter Company. He soon progressed from doing shorthand work to travelling around the North Island, selling and repairing typewriters. Impressed by Reed's work ethic, honesty and diligence, DeRenzy offered him the opportunity to set up an office for the company in Dunedin, a challenge that Reed accepted.

Life in Dunedin
In October 1897, Reed moved to Dunedin to start in his new role. In doing so he left behind a fiancée, having proposed to Belle earlier that year. The couple had decided Belle would stay in Auckland since they could not afford to marry. Reed quickly found suitable premises for the company's office and began retailing and repairing typewriters. Despite some hiccups, he soon began building the business and took on staff. After a year in Dunedin, and having secured a payrise, Reed returned to Auckland and married Belle at Pitt Street Methodist Church on 28 January 1899. The couple immediately travelled to Dunedin where they rented a house and settled down to life together. They lived simply and quietly, doing most things together although Reed would indulge in long solitary walks.

Reed continued to work on developing the Dunedin branch, which would prove to be the only profitable office for the New Zealand Typewriter Company. The couple were also heavily involved in church life; Reed took charge of a Sunday School class at the Methodist Trinity Church and in 1898 qualified as a preacher. Two years later, he took over as superintendent of the Sunday School, which had a roll of 250 children, with Belle keeping the accounts. Short of teaching materials, Reed began importing books and literature from suppliers in the United States. Initially this was for his own school but soon other churches in Dunedin showed interest and Reed started supplying them with excess material from his own orders. He and Belle soon expanded this into a nationwide mail order business.

In the meantime, DeRenzy wound up the New Zealand Typewriter Company but before doing so allowed Reed to purchase the Dunedin office on favourable terms. He and Belle continued to work on his mail order business, working out of a room at his office, with the sale and maintenance of typewriters providing regular income in the interim. While the financial reward of his day job was appreciated, Reed's passion was religious education and he saw his mail order business as doing God's work. By 1911, turnover for the business, which they called Sunday School Supply Stores, had reached £1,000 a year. On reaching this milestone, Reed sold his typewriter business to focus solely on the mail order business.

Sunday School Supply Stores provided a range of goods, from cards, badges, clocks, hymn sheets, blackboards and the like to religious games, as well as Bibles, tracts and testaments. Reed also launched into the book trade, supplying religious works for presentation to children as prizes. These were sourced from local representatives of overseas publishing houses. He took up the New Zealand agency for teaching materials for Sunday school teachers produced by an English publisher, and also was the local agent for a company that purchased religious books as publishers' remainders.

First World War
On the outbreak of the First World War, Reed joined the Territorial Force, New Zealand's part-time military reserve. While his business took up his working days, he trained in army techniques and weaponry. By 1916, with New Zealand soldiers now serving on the Western Front and in the Sinai and Palestine theatre of operations, Reed felt it his duty to volunteer for the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) for service aboard. Assessed as sufficiently fit for overseas service, he and Belle sold the Sunday School Supply Stores business. This allowed him to clear the mortgage on the couple's residence, which they had purchased in 1901. Belle stayed on at the business, working for the new owner.

Reed reported for duty on 21 September 1916, and was sent to Trentham Military Camp near Wellington for training. His contingent, the 21st Reinforcements, was the last group where all the recruits were volunteers. The New Zealand Government was to shortly introduced conscription to help maintain the flow of manpower to the NZEF. After a short period of training at Trentham, a further, more intensive, programme of training commenced at Featherston Military Camp in the Wairarapa. With his strong Christian background, Reed found some aspects of military life difficult, particular the language and lurid storytelling that would occur in the camp's huts at night. He urged his fellow soldiers to avoid alcohol, blasphemy and to refrain from cursing. He even distributed a short tract to his hut mates suggesting that if they felt the need to curse, to substitute 'crimson' or 'purple' for swear words. Reed later recounted hearing a non-commissioned officer referring to a soldier as a 'crimson cow'.

The 21st Reinforcements were scheduled to depart overseas in early 1917 but in December 1916, Reed's shorthand skills were discovered and he was asked to volunteer for the headquarters staff at Featherston Camp. He declined, preferring to go on active duty aboard, but was overruled and ordered to report to the camp's headquarters. Reed was dissatisfied with his posting, seeing it as one that could be easily fulfilled by a medically unfit man while he should be doing his duty at the frontlines.

Publishing
Reed entered the bookselling trade when he founded the firm of A. H. and A. W. Reed (later known as Reed Publishing (NZ) Ltd.), a leading publisher of New Zealand-related non-fiction and reference works, in association with his nephew Alexander Wyclif Reed. In 1932, he branched out as a publisher and in 1935 he became an author.

Walking and climbing
Reed also undertook walking and mountain-climbing expeditions. He climbed Mount Taranaki/Egmont (aged 80), Mount Ruapehu (aged 83), Ngauruhoe (aged 85), walked from North Cape to Bluff, (a similar national walking trail is now possible in the form of Te Araroa)(aged 85) and from East Cape to Cape Egmont (aged 86), walked through Marlborough (aged 87) and through Otago, Canterbury, Westland, and the Haast (aged 88).

Philanthropy
In 1938 Reed and his wife established the Alfred and Isabel and Marian Reed Trust for the promotion of Christianity, education, literature and philanthropy for the people of New Zealand. The trust has amassed a collection of rare books and manuscripts for the Dunedin Public Libraries, including one of the most comprehensive collections of manuscripts and early printed Bibles in the Southern Hemisphere.

Honours
In the 1948 King's Birthday Honours Reed was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services in connexion with publication of historical and other New Zealand works. He was promoted to Commander of the same Order (CBE) in the 1962 New Year Honours, in recognition of his contribution as a writer and publisher of New Zealand historical works. In the 1974 Queen's Birthday Honours, Reed was appointed a Knight Bachelor, for services to literature and culture.

Death and legacy
Reed died at Dunedin on 15 January 1975, and his ashes were buried at Dunedin Northern Cemetery. Soon after the death of his uncle, Clif Reed wrote a short book of his experiences working with him. This was published as Young Kauri later that year. The publishing institution that he set up was eventually sold in 1983 to the Australian company Associated Book Publishers. There are several memorials in Reed's memory: The A. H. Reed Memorial Kauri Park Scenic Reserve, near Whangārei, commemorates his association with the district, while there is a memorial plaque dedicated to him in Dunedin's Octagon.

In 1997, Reed was inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame.

Published works
Reed wrote a number of books, including:
 * First New Zealand Christmases (1933) with Alexander Reed
 * Marsden of Maoriland: Pioneer and Peacemaker (1938)
 * Two Maoriland Adventurers: Marsden and Selwyn (1939) with Alexander Reed
 * The Isabel Reed Bible Story Book (1939)
 * All Time Tales (1943) with Alexander Reed
 * Greatheart of Maoriland (1944)
 * The Story of New Zealand (1945)
 * Great Barrier: Isle of Enchantment (1946)
 * Farthest East: Afoot in Maoriland Byways (1946)
 * Farthest North: Afoot in Maoriland Byways (1946)
 * The Story of Otago; Age of Adventure (1947)
 * The Gumdigger: The Story of Kauri Gum (1948)
 * The Story of Canterbury: Last Wakefield Settlement (1949)
 * John Jones of Otago: Whaler, Coloniser, Shipowner, Merchant (1949) with Alfred Eccles
 * Everybody's Story of New Zealand (1950)
 *  Coromandel Holiday (1952)
 * The Story of the Kauri (1953)
 * The Four Corners of New Zealand (1954)
 * The Story of Northland (1956)
 * The Story of Early Dunedin (1956)
 * The Story of Northland (1956)
 * The House of Reed: Fifty Years of New Zealand Publishing 1907-1957 (1957) with Alexander Reed
 * Walks in Maoriland Byways (1958)
 * The Story of Hawke's Bay (1958)
 * Heroes of Peace and War in Early New Zealand (1959)
 * The Story of Kauri Park (1959)
 * Historic Bay of Islands (1960) with John Alexander
 * From North Cape to Bluff: On Foot at Eighty-five (1961)
 * Explorers of New Zealand (1961)
 * From East Cape to Cape Egmont On Foot at Eighty-six (1962)
 * Marlborough Journey (1963)
 * The New Story of The Kauri (1964)
 * The Friendly Road: On Foot through Otago, Canterbury, Westland and the Haast (1964)
 * Nelson Pilgrimage (1965)
 * The Milford Track (1965)
 * Sydney-Melbourne Footslogger (1966)
 * A. H. Reed: An Autobiography (1967)
 * Historic Northland (1968)
 * Family Life in New Zealand 1880–1890 (1969)
 * The Gumdiggers: The Story of Kauri Gum (1972)
 * Pakeha and Maori at War 1840 to 1870 (1972)
 * Ben and Eleanor Ben Farjeon and Dunedin (1973)
 * The Happy Wanderer: A Kiwi on Foot 1915-1961 (1974)

He also edited several books, including:
 * Early Maoriland Adventures of J. W. Stack (1935)
 * More Maoriland Adventures of J. W. Stack (1936)
 * Further Maoriland Adventures of J. W. and E. Stack (1938)
 * Captain Cook in New Zealand: Extracts from the Journals of Captain James Cook giving a full account in his own words of his adventures and discoveries in New Zealand (1951) with Alexander Reed
 * With Anthony Trollope in New Zealand (1969)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alfred Hamish Reed


text:
User talk:Quadell/Archive 10

Some of the images that you tagged
Hi, you tagged the following images GFDL in Feb-Mar 2005.
 * Image:IMG 0133(Eiffel in Evening).jpg
 * Image:IMG 0082(arc de triomphe).jpg
 * Image:IMG 0027.jpg
 * Image:IMG 0077.jpg
 * Image:Buchanan St 111.jpg

What I am asking is whether you got the permission of the author to tag it like that or not? I couldnt find any reference on the talk page of the uploader. ---Spundun 08:03, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

Aquificales genera incertae sedis
"Aquificales genera incertae sedis" is just Latin for "Aquificales genera of uncertain place". In other words, it's the list of unclassified genera from the family. You might want to think about merging it back into Aquificales. Gdr 18:26, 2005 May 27 (UTC)

It looks to me that User:Statkit1 just copied out the data from without really understanding it. You can see on that page that "Aquificales genera incertae sedis" is not a family, it's an unnamed and unranked group of organisms that share some genetic features. Hence the name. Gdr 20:09, 2005 May 27 (UTC) P.S. "incertae sedis" (or "inc.sed.") is standard jargon for groups whose affinity is unclear.

Thank you for fixing this. Gdr 22:18, 2005 May 31 (UTC)

Substituting templates
Don't forget to substitute templates such as {{idw}} when you put them on talk pages - it reduces server load, and prevents accidental borking of the template. Thanks, Alphax τεχ 23:58, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Template:PD-Germany
You seem to have permanently protected this template. You might note that it has been marked for deletion. --Henrygb 14:48, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Also 'semi-permanent protection of a template' (as you say in the log) is not something we usually do. Unless there's reason to suspect the template being vandalized, it should be unprotected. Radiant_ >|< 14:51, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, thanks for pointing that out; I had checked cat:protected and there weren't that many templates in there. I guess the cat is a bit out of date. Radiant_ >|< 15:06, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The problem with the template is that it doesn't conform to actual German copyright law. WP:CP and WP:IFD have been informed and will take a closer look at the actual copyright status of the tagged images. It seems likely that the template will be obsolete after that, but we should keep it around until we're sure. Radiant_ >|< 21:39, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

Image:Skandinavism.jpg
Hmm...well, I'll ask the uploader. Thanks, Beland 19:16, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:Images and media for deletion/Unverified orphans
FYI, The thread is a little stale but I just replied on that subject. --Gmaxwell 05:44, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Malformed ISBN references
A report you have previously requested has been regenerated from a recent database dump. Check User:Topbanana/Reports/This article may contain a badly formed ISBN reference if interested. - TB 12:47, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)

MV Tampa
Hi, Quadell. Any specific suggestions on what should be done with MV Tampa? (I'm not as active in following policy formulation &c. as I once was). Cheers, Slac speak up!  04:53, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

GFDL-presumed
You asked a while ago for comments on your Template:GFDL-presumed. I dislike it because it removes images from the unverified/untagged list without us really having copyright information about them. Presuming GFDL is not a legal defense. We ultimately shouldn't have any images we don't know for certain are free. This will just delay some unfree images from being found and deleted when processing unknown image lists. I don't have a problem with giving uploaders a chance to tag these images as GFDL. I would even accept giving them a one month delay to act on the warning to tag this kind of image. However, that tag is not a solution. Superm401 | Talk 19:12, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Ethnic Cleansing in Croatia Image
You posted a while back with a request to create this map: Image:EthCleanCroatia.JPG. Well I did, and you can see the final version at Image:EthnicCleansingInCroatia.jpg. The only problem is that I didn't know which article referenced the image. I put a copy of it in Ethnic cleansing, but feel free to put it where you wish.

Red link recovery project
Howdy, Topbanana here, back after an extended absence. I've decided to round up a few of my more useful reports into a project with the goal of converting as many "red links" (links to non-existant articles) into "blue links" (links to real articles). As you've been active in fixing similar things in the past, I thought I'd let you know in case you're interested in joining up. If not, I won't be offended - we've all got lots todo here :) - TB 11:38, 2005 Jun 23 (UTC)

purported maps of ethnic cleansing in .hr
Please see Talk:Demographics of Croatia and the edits I made on that article. --Joy [shallot]   15:16, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Century images
It could be argued that the various images that you're adding to the century articles are POV. --Brunnock 23:15, Jun 26, 2005 (UTC)

Copyvio images on commons
Just a quick FYI (wikipedia is on and off ATM), the follow images on commons are copyvio and I'm in the process of removing them: Image:Hiker_drinking_water.jpg Image:Woman_in_Lotus_pose.jpg Image:Girl_with_braces_in_for_checkup.jpg Image:Hand_holding_a_tablet.jpg Image:Bicycle_rider_with_helmet.jpg Image:Girl_with_braces_in_for_checkup.jpg Image:Physical_therapy_exercise.jpg Image:Family_playing_wiffleball.jpg Image:Old_man_reading_in_library.jpg Image:Ambulance_in_action.jpg Image:Old_couple_reading.jpg --Gmaxwell 28 June 2005 03:30 (UTC)

Copyright page
Hi, I'm an admin over at Wikisource, and I was wondering if I could take your copyright page and copy it over at Wikisource. It's a very comprehensive list and is quite excellent, and with the amount of copyright issues we deal with, a reference like that would be very much needed. Of course, you'll get full credit for it. :) Please reply here.  Zhaladshar 29 June 2005 15:42 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Yeah, I'll let you know if I get any new information so you can keep your page updated.  Zhaladshar 29 June 2005 18:09 (UTC)
 * I just saw this at Copyrights--in Russia, copyright is Life+70. Zhaladshar 29 June 2005 19:08 (UTC)

dual licensing
Please read the objection at this page and see this article. I think it is wrong to apply the current Cc-by-nc-sa template to images that are dual licensed under GFDL such as Image:Drosophila egg.png. --Memenen 1 July 2005 14:01 (UTC)

I might put a qustion on a wrong place
Hello. Could you take a look at User talk:Quadell/copyright and give me a comment? You might be aware, but I feel I wrote on an inappropriate page and perhaps you don't know the existence of my asking... - Marsian // talk 2005-07-02 03:25:13 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your reply. All right, I understand that this is a difficult case... Please give me a time to consider. I'll ask about this problem again on ja.wp. Thanks. - Marsian // talk 2005-07-03 05:15:12 (UTC)

Ancient Rome picture
You created the graphic in the Ancient Rome article that shows the Empire at various stages of its history. It is an excellent addition to the article; however I have looked at it on threed different PCs and two of them could not distinguish the red from the orange in the map (they both look red). Is it possible you could make the orange, say, blue, and resubmit the image? If this is just a problem I am having fair enough but I think it may be more widespread. Batmanand 4 July 2005 22:01 (UTC)

Thanks for your message. The change does not seem to have made any difference unfortunately - on the PC I am on currently the orange is fine, on the one I use at other times it is still not distionguishable from the red (I checked). Absolutely do not know why - assume it cannot be a graphics card/driver issue cos both PCs are relatively new and not "modded" or anything that would make them succeptible. Dunno what to do for the best (maybe not make the orange blue, as I suggested yesterday - only just realised how stupid that would be). Maybe see if anyone else complains, and then change if necessary. Sorry for all the trouble. Batmanand 5 July 2005 13:50 (UTC)

Naming conventions
Hi Quadell. I undid your move of Volta-Congo languages to Volta-Congo language, as longstanding Wikipedia practice is to pluralize language families. See Naming conventions (languages) and its talk page for the convention and its rationale. Kind regards, — mark ✎ 7 July 2005 20:32 (UTC)
 * It's ok. I see you're on the Red Link Recovery team. I fixed the Baka pygmy article which contained a link to Volta-Congo language. — mark ✎ 7 July 2005 20:39 (UTC)

Flags
Image of flags are not in public domain.
 * Why do you think that? – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) July 8, 2005 17:44 (UTC)

Abu Qir Bay
Hi - accident is the reason. The characters must have been put in in browser-unsafe form. I didn't actually touch those characters - all I did was change the stub - but for some reason some browsers break non-unicode characters. The MW1.5 upgrade was meant to have changed that, but it didn't unfortunately. Normally I notice and change characters over to a safer form but I didn't notice this time (it's usually charatcers like ð and Š that are the problem.

BTW, the previous poster is right - images of flags are not PD. I am a frequent poster to the web's biggest flag directory (www.fotw.net), and copyright issues are a big problem for us. The flags themselves are PD, but all the images you see online or in books are created by someone. Some can be claimed as fair use if taken from government websites and similar, but images of them taken from websites and books are definitely not free use. Grutness...  wha?  00:23, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

Sol LeWitt
Hi Quadell,

My thanks, that picture's a much nicer example of a LeWitt. The one I had there previously was perhaps the most disappointing picture I've uploaded to Wikipedia - perhaps I can get it deleted now :) -- Solipsist 23:23, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Greetings back -- and about Watermelon
Hey. :) Thanks for stopping by my talk page.

I think you're being oversensitive, Quadell. In reading my response, I don't see anything whatsoever "snide" about my response. You were incorrect in your observation that no one was pressing for the removal of the text. Should I have said you were "mistaken" instead? Would that have been more palatable? Certainly, no offense was intended -- and I don't think my language was offensive in any way. Sorry if you feel that way -- and thanks for your earlier kind words. Peace 2 u. deeceevoice 22:15, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Your userpage
Just wanted to let you know I've listed the user vandalizing your userpage on WP:VIP. Pakaran 01:45, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Greetings, Quadell! About time I said hello.  You're quite welcome, and keep up the good work here. Antandrus  (talk) 02:17, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

You're very welcome :). I figure the reason I was made a sysop is to deal with idiots like that.  Pakaran 02:19, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * As per the above. Always willing to help a fellow wiki-defender. Best, Meelar (talk) 03:54, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

A troll
Hello, Quadell. If the article about Spermdumpster, and the user pages Quadello and QuadelloJello are supposed to be funny, I don't find them so. Who's idea was this, and Who do I talk to about getting the offending entries off my watchlist? Michael 03:21, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strangely enough, as a random person interjecting, I can say that, the user pages Quadello and QuadelloJello, and a few other user pages, somehow came into my own watchlist. Seeaxid 15:46, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, he probably moved a page that was on your watchlist (such as my user page, perhaps) to one of those pages, and then someone moved the page back. In those cases, the Trolling page ends up on your watchlist. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 16:32, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

So, I read... Listen, who do I tell about this? This troll is pissing me off, and this is the second time I have found about it! Michael 15:06, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Your image up for deletion
I just want to notify you that I put Image:Aclu.PNG up for deletion because it has been replaced by Image:Aclu.png. —Markaci 2005-07-16 T 03:54:22 Z

Fair use
Okay, permission is not needed for a fair use, but the first point I made on Image talk:Thierry Henry headshot.jpg was I didn't believe fair use didn't apply in the first place: from the context the photo is in, it's not stated that the shot is a publicity shot for the purposes of redistribution by others, like a publicity photo should do, if it is to come under fair use. All that picture is a straightforward reproduction from the website, and an unauthorised one at that. Qwghlm 12:01, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * You don't seem to have got my point: In my opinion, this reproduction is not fair use. Now please tell me why you think so. Qwghlm 13:03, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * I've discussed why I don't think your rationale for fair use stands up at: Image talk:Thierry Henry headshot.jpg Qwghlm 15:43, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

Your userpage -> simple english
Hi Quadell, I clicked the "simple english" link on your user page. I don't think you wrote what I read there.
 * Quadell, I've reverted the vandalism by 64.12.117.9 --Viriditas  | Talk 13:13, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

I'm wondering, how does one create a page in the Simple English wikipedia? 152.163.100.7 19:42, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Just go to the Simple English wikipedia and create a page the same way you create one here. Another way is to take a page on the (non-simple) English Wikipedia, and add Article name to the bottom (but replace "article name" with the article's name). When you save, you should see a Simple link to the right. If you click on it, you'll be editing the Simple Wikipedia page. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 19:46, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

Talwinder Singh Parmar
Hello Quadell,

The Babbar Khalsa group has been identified as a terrorist group by many organizations. You may take a look at the article if you wish. That is why I modified it in Talwinder Singh Parmar. The original article specified "terrorist", but it was changed (one of his many POV changes) by Thetruth who is currently in arbitration. I didn't mean to sound POV - just stating the facts! :) --Vivin Paliath ( വിവിന് പാലിയത് )

Ford
MyQ! I was searching the web trying to figure out how to pronounce Zbigniew Brzezinski and I came across Talk:Zbigniew Brzezinski with a comment from you... and it turns out, in fact, to be MyQ... It's a small world (but I wouldn't want to paint it)... Ford 2005 July 19, 18:45 (UTC)

votes for deletion on list of white supremacists
Hi Quadrell. I noticed that you have contributed to some articles on race-related matters, and wondered if you'd be interested on weighing in on Votes for deletion/List of White supremacists. Take care. NoahB 18:29, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Yuor moves are incomplete
Yuo should make sure any double redirects made as a result of moves are dealt with as part of the move process. What links here on Jaber al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah shows that most pages will not now go directly to that page, please resolve them. MeltBanana 19:45, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Re: Louisville
Hi! Thanks for the award! The Louisville page is looking quite good. It's been interesting reviewing info for the history and such. I myself, have been in Louisville for a little over a year now, in the St. Matthews area. I am working as a Post-Doctoral researcher at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center. Came here from Richmond, Va. Cheers! Dr. Cash 02:49, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Image:KofiAnnan-StateDept.jpg
I've listed Image:KofiAnnan-StateDept.jpg on Wikipedia:Possibly unfree images. It appears the same image as on this page. Evil Monkey∴Hello 03:26, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Hornfels
Hi - I have reversed your recent action re: Hornfels. Hornfels is the singular (although it looks odd to a non-geologist perhaps) and the commonly used form. From the article: Most hornfelses are fine-grained ... - The article is a 1911 text, but the term as used in the article is valid and remains current. Just thought I'd let you know, Vsmith 03:53, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Lost password
Quadell, Michael 23:09, 27 July 2005 (UTC), here. Listen, How do I get a copy of my present password? I had it written down, then lost what it had been written down on! Gad, us absent minded professors!!!!! Can you put me in touch with an administrator who can help me, please and thanks? I really have to find out what that password is! You can also get it to me via e-mail, too. Just send me a new message and we can arrange to exchange it via e-mail... Michael 23:09, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't have access to any passwords, but I forwarded your request here. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 01:04, July 28, 2005 (UTC)

Quadell, the reason I asked is that I want to use Internet Explorer to access My online account here, and I don't know what my present password is. That's what the convo was about...

Michael 14:47, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Okay. Peace Out. Michael 14:54, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

yaaa
thanks for your words on talk:anti-racist math. I and many others have been confused. I understand it a little better now. Kzzl 21:30, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Let me add thanks to Kzzl's. Lately I've been trying to embark on a new career as a math teacher in Oakland's public schools, and I've been puzzling over just these questions that you so well explained. --Eric Forste (Talk) 07:27, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Flags
Images of flags are not in public domain because usually the law does not determine exactly how the flag must be, making the work of drawing such a image a creative process. Sorry, I cannot speak in English very well. --200.96.127.53 06:54, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

BioCOTW Project
You voted for  Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria, this weeks' Biography Collaboration of the weeks. Please come and help them become a featured-standard article.--Falphin 18:19, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Arabic
Hello, I'm fairly sure that Arabic is mainly of use to editors, not readers, and as such belongs on the talk page of articles. I've thus standardized it to the talk page format and have begun moving them to the talk pages. - SimonP 19:09, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

Arabic tags on scientist pages
Hello,

Ive noticed that you have put the Arabic tag on many Iranian scientist biography talk pages requesting adjustments be made to their names.

However, if you will, can you please take them off, since the issue you are pointing to (their Arabic names not being mentioned in the paragraphs) is a popular misconception:

Although the person is recognized in the west by an Arabic name, he was not an Arab. Especially the ones on the List of Iranian Scientists page (which I myself compiled). Westerners tend to lump all middle easterners together in one group, which is incorrect. Neyrizi, for example, was Persian, hence the name al-Nayrizi is incorrect, even though he is known by that name in general, perhaps even in his own time, as Arabic was the lingua franca used by all Persian (an every other muslim) scientist. But the correct name is Neyriz, which is Persian. Not al-Nayriz, which has been adopted in Arabic. I saw a few dozen such cases from the List of Iranian scientists page that you have marked.

I would take the tag off myself, but I cant since I have very limited wikipedia time, and a very bad modem connection. I'd appreciate if youd help me out and clarify this misconception by noting this, or optimally, taking the tag off, since it doesnt belong there.

Thank You.--Zereshk 21:57, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Persian is indeed (almost) written in Arabic script (Persian has 4 extra letters and alot of indigenous vocab). The difference between Arabic and Persian is hence something like the difference between German and (say) English: Same script, different language.

 * When I wrote many of those biography pages, I thought it would be best to name the page as the person's name appears in Arabic, since that would be the official name according to the lingua franca they wrote in (and the name someone would find in references), but write the rest of the article according to the Persian name, to stress the correct form or spelling of his name, according to his mother tongue.

 * Thus, for example, if Neyrizi had written something in Persian, he would have signed his name as "Neyrizi", instead of "al-Nayrizi". I think that as long as we keep the title arabic, we're safe. Most Arabic speakers recognize that names like Neyrizi indicate the non-Arab origin of the nameholder.

 * It's like calling a German by the name Matthias, as Matthew. Or Adolphe as Adolf. Neyrizi was known as al-Nayrizi, because one would publish work in Arabic in the olden days. The spellings are a tad bit different.

 * Im not sure if this helps.--Zereshk 23:33, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Your user page
I've locked it due to constant vandalism. Hope you don't mind! Unlock if you need to. - Ta bu shi da yu 03:19, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * S'ok... heavens only knows why they've decided to target you :( Ta bu shi da yu 04:18, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanx for the barnstar
Much appreciatted ;) --The Brain 00:18, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

ETA
I see you added to Talk:ETA. I can't imagine why. They are a Basque paramilitary organization. I am reverting. If I'm missing something here, please elucidate. -- Jmabel | Talk 01:57, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

Question about sleuthing
I am interested in getting into copyright issues with Images, and I'm wondering if there is a good page or two that explains it. Let me know, seems like something that could be interesting. Thanks MicahMN | Talk 02:53, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

Your evil twin
User:QUADELL has been blocked indefinitely as an impostor of you. FreplySpang (talk) 13:05, August 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hey, is this another one? User:Quådell FreplySpang (talk) 20:22, August 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have dozens. Seriously. Lucky me. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 20:29, August 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've noticed that about you. :-) Just wanted to make sure the account wasn't created by you (as vandal prevention) before blocking it. Oh look, Joy Stovall is beating me to it. FreplySpang (talk) 20:31, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

Fair use?
Aloha. has claimed fair use for photos he has uploaded, but he still hasn't provided a source. I've already asked him twice. Could you take a look at his contribs? Thanks in advance. --Viriditas | Talk 05:22, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Quadell/Archive 10


text:
Megrez

Megrez, also called Delta Ursae Majoris (δ Ursae Majoris, abbreviated Delta UMa, δ UMa), is a star in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. With an apparent magnitude of +3.3, it is the dimmest of the seven stars in the Big Dipper asterism. Parallax measurements yield a distance estimate of 80.5 ly from the Sun.

Stellar properties

Delta Ursae Majoris has 63% more mass than the Sun and is about 1.4 times its radius. It has a stellar classification of A3 V, which means it is an A-type main sequence star that is generating energy at its core through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen. It shines at 14 times the luminosity of the Sun, with this energy being emitted from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 9,480 K. This gives it the white hue typical of an A-type star.

This star has an excess emission of infrared radiation, indicating the presence of circumstellar matter. This forms a debris disk around an orbital radius of 16 astronomical units from the star. This radius is unusually small for the estimated age of the disk, which may be explained by drag from the Poynting–Robertson effect causing the dust to spiral inward.

It has two faint companions, a 10th magnitude star and an 11th magnitude star, both at an angular separation of two arcminutes from the primary.

Delta Ursae Majoris is a member of the Ursa Major moving group, an association of stars that share a common motion through space and likely formed in the same molecular cloud. The space velocity components of Delta Ursae Majoris in the galactic coordinate system are [U, V, W] = [+15.35, +1.17, –11.52]km s−1.

Nomenclature

δ Ursae Majoris (Latinised to Delta Ursae Majoris) is the star's Bayer designation.

It bore the traditional name Megrez and the historical name Kaffa. Megrez comes from the المغرز al-maghriz 'the base [of the bear's tail]'. Professor Paul Kunitzch has been unable to find any clues as to the origin of the name Kaffa, which appeared in a 1951 publication, Atlas Coeli (Skalnate Pleso Atlas of the Heavens) by Czech astronomer Antonín Bečvář.

The Hindus knew this star as Atri, one of the Seven Rishis.

In Chinese, 北斗 (Běi Dǒu), meaning Northern Dipper, refers to an asterism equivalent to the Big Dipper. Consequently, the Chinese name for Delta Ursae Majoris itself is 北斗四 (Běi Dǒu sì, the Fourth Star of Northern Dipper) and 天權 (Tiān Quán, Star of Celestial Balance).

Namesakes
USS Megrez (AK-126) was a United States Navy Crater class cargo ship named after the star.

title: Megrez


text:
User:Amithchandhran

ஆனைமுகன் அறுமுகனின் அடிகள்போற்றி..

அறிவிப்போம் இச்செகத்தின் முதலினுண்மை

Visiting after many days, will take some time to get back.

Career and Hobbies
I am a lawyer, practicing in Bombay High Court.

Why am I here
I am here to read and learn about new things, as well as to contribute for the improvement of the pages.

How to write my name in your native script
'अमित चंद्रन्' 'அமித் சந்திரன்' 'അമിത് ചന്ദ്രന്' 'ಅಮಿತ್ ಚಂದ್ರನ್' 'అమిత్ చంద్రన్' 'অমিৎ চন্দ্রন' 'અમિત ચંદ્રન' 'ਅਮਿਤ ਚਂਦ੍ਰਨ' 'اﻣﻴﺖﺗﺸﻨﺪﺭﻥ' 'Amith Chandhran'

Contact:
* E-mail: amithchandhran@gmail.com

title: User:Amithchandhran


text:
User:Yamje

(PAGE IN PROGRESS)

Currently I am living, studying, and writing in Edinburgh, Scotland as I am doing a PhD at the School of Divinity of the university here. Occassionally I go back to my home town, Hong Kong. Previously I have also lived and studied in the Boston area in the USA for about two years.

My footprints, however, have a much wider coverage and include over the years place in the following regions:

East and South East Asia:

@ China - Beijing and viccinity; Shanghai; Taishan in Shandong Province; Nanjing; Inner Mongolia; Guilin and viccinity; Guangzhou and viccinity; Northern Guangdong Province; Zhongshan; Zhuhai

@ Taiwan - Taipei and viccinity

@ Japan - Tokyo and viccinity; northern part of Honshu

@ Malaysia - Sabah (Eastern Malaysia)

@ Singapore

Middle East:

@ Jordan

@ Israel

@ Egypt - Cairo

Europe:

@ France - Paris

@ Germany - various parts

@ Austria

@ Czech Republic

@ Hungary

@ Switzerland

North America:

@ USA - various parts of New England; New York City; Orlando, Florida; Chicago and viccinity; Northern and Southern California; Louisville, Kentucky

@ Canada - Vancouver; Toronto; Montreal; Winnipeg; Niagra Falls (of course!)

title: User:Yamje


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Verbum Vanum

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:19, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Verbum Vanum
Some kind of free online library. Tagged for speedy deletion but I've brought it here. 24 Google hits for Verbum Vanum,, 300 for VerbumVanum. No vote from me. Kappa 12:54, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: It's not notable, and the current small article list makes it look like a collection of PD items and or original essays.  If it becomes notable in the future, an article could then be created.  Wikibofh 14:01, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Wikipedia is not a web guide. Even if it's a huge Internet library, it has to be truly significant to require an encyclopedia article to explain it.  If it's not truly significant, then the resulting article, no matter how NPOV, is advertising. Geogre 18:33, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not-a-web-guide, no indication of any distinction or significance in its field. Barno 19:58, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - only 19 Google hits - completely unotable. Blackcats 20:33, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User talk:Allthatnoise@allthatsound.com

JFW | T@lk  12:54, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

PS May I encourage you to get a different username? Wikipedia is spidered by search engines and email-address chasers by notorious spammers. Your email address will be with 100 million others on spammers' CD-ROMs before you know.

title: User talk:Allthatnoise@allthatsound.com


text:
Category:Mountains of Togo

The mountains of Togo.

title: Category:Mountains of Togo


text:
Hinnerup Municipality

Until 1 January 2007 Hinnerup municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Aarhus County on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 76 km², and had a total population of 12.048 (2005). Its last mayor was Niels Berg, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and site of its municipal council was the town of Hinnerup.

Hinnerup municipality ceased to exist due to Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). It was merged with Hadsten, Hammel, and Hvorslev municipalities, as well as the southern part of Langå municipality to form the new Favrskov municipality. This created a municipality with an area of 487 km² and a total population of ca. 41,596 (2005). The new municipality belongs to Region Midtjylland ("Mid-Jutland Region").

title: Hinnerup Municipality


text:
User:Morwen/todo

 * Sony Radio Awards
 * Sterling area New Zealand pound South African pound

title: User:Morwen/todo


text:
New England Collegiate Baseball League

The New England Collegiate Baseball League (NECBL) is a 13-team collegiate summer baseball wooden bat league founded in 1993 and sanctioned by the NCAA and Major League Baseball. Each NECBL team plays an eight-week, 44-game schedule during June and July, with a playoff in early August. Like the Cape Cod Baseball League and other amateur leagues, the NECBL is a showcase for top college-level players, giving professional baseball scouts a chance to see prospective pros playing against each other. Along with the Cape Cod Baseball League, Northwoods League, and Coastal Plain League, it is considered one of the top summer leagues in the country and is a part of the National Alliance of College Summer Baseball. In 2019, the Collegiate Summer Baseball Register ranked the NECBL as the 2nd best collegiate summer baseball league, behind only the Cape Cod League.

Founded in 1993, the NECBL began its direction under George Foster, former Cincinnati Reds and New York Mets All-Star and Major League Baseball home run leader, and Emmy Award-winning television producer/director Joseph Consentino. Play started in 1994 and today the NECBL plays in all six New England states. It recruits players attending U.S. colleges from New England, the other 44 states, and foreign countries, provided that they come from NCAA-sanctioned colleges or universities, are in good academic standing, have completed at least one year of athletic eligibility, and have at least one year of eligibility remaining.

The NECBL's current commissioner is Sean McGrath, former general manager of the North Adams SteepleCats. McGrath replaced Mario Tiani, who retired following the 2012 season.

League structure
The NECBL became a 13-team league in 2013 with the addition of teams in Rhode Island (Ocean State Waves), Massachusetts (Plymouth Pilgrims) and New York (Saratoga Brigade) (the league's first team to operate outside New England), but reverted to 12 teams after the Brigade folded. On October 30, 2015, the league announced that the Upper Valley Nighthawks would begin play in 2016 in Hartford, Vermont, bringing the league back to 13 teams. The Plymouth Pilgrims ceased operations after the 2018 season but were replaced by the Martha's Vineyard Sharks, a former member of the Futures Collegiate Baseball League (FCBL). The New Bedford BaySox ceased after the 2019 season, replaced by the Bristol Blues, who also moved from the FCBL. The North Shore Navigators returned to the league in 2021 after nine years in the FCBL.

Current teams

 * A caret (^) denotes an approximate capacity, including lawn seating.

Season structure
In the 2021 season, the league was divided into two seven-team divisions, the North Division and the South Division. During the regular season, teams played 44 regular-season games, solely against division opponents, because of COVID-19 travel concerns. Scheduled doubleheaders were seven-inning games.

The top four teams from each division qualified for the eight-team playoff bracket, in which teams played best-of-three series to determine the champion.

For 2022, the NECBL went to three divisions, with a single pair of games against each out-of-division team. The league has retained the three-division format through the 2024 season.

Past champions
In the NECBL's history, the most successful team is the Newport Gulls, with seven league championships and twelve championship series appearances (including one championship appearance as the Cranston, Rhode Island-based Rhode Island Gulls). The Keene Swamp Bats are next with five league titles and the North Shore Navigators have four.

All-Star Game
The All-Star Game usually takes place from mid- to late July. Prior to the game a Home Run Derby is held and, since the 2007 All-Star Game, a Special Skill Competition for Most Accurate Arm and Fastest Runner.

Notable alumni
The following former NECBL players have gone on to play in Major League Baseball. Former NECBL players have reached the major league rosters of all thirty MLB teams, the thirtieth team being the Philadelphia Phillies when, in September 2015, Brian Bogusevic debuted with the team.

Media
All NECBL games are broadcast online through the NECBL Broadcast Network from Blueframe, with Pointstreak providing live stats for all games.

On May 14, 2010, the league signed an agreement with Pointstreak. Pointstreak provides "real-time scoring, official statistics, and administration services" to the NECBL. A highlight of Pointstreak's services is Game Live, a real-time statistics feature providing play-by-play for every NECBL game.

In 2020, the league announced that Blueframe would provide the official streaming service for the league.

Team websites

 * Danbury Westerners
 * Keene Swampbats
 * Mystic Schooners
 * New Bedford Bay Sox
 * Newport Gulls
 * North Adams SteepleCats
 * Ocean State Waves
 * Plymouth Pilgrims
 * Sanford Mainers
 * Valley Blue Sox
 * Vermont Mountaineers
 * Winnipesaukee Muskrats
 * North Shore Navigators

title: New England Collegiate Baseball League


text:
Talk:Common cause and special cause (statistics)

Walter Shewhart
In paragraph What does the bold paragraph mean, it is missing something. -- SGBailey 12:59, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * "Walter A. Shewhart originally used the term chance-cause. The term common-cause was coined by Harry Alpert in 1947. Shewhart called a process that features only common-cause variation in statistical control. This term is deprecated by some modern statisticians who prefer the phrase stable and predictable."
 * The original quotes (italics)?
 * Walter A. Shewhart originally used the term chance-cause. The term common-cause was coined by Harry Alpert in 1947. Shewhart called a process that features only common-cause variation "in statistical control". This term is deprecated by some modern statisticians who prefer the phrase "stable and predictable".
 * Cutler 16:21, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

hey,

I think the special cause variation in this article is wrong!!

It is meant to say, that the variation CAN be attributed to a SPECIFIC cause, and is not just random vairation James

A different but important meaning of "common cause"
I read the account in the article, which is clear enough, with some surprise. Two failures have a "common cause" if both are caused by the same thing. When your aircraft flies over a volcano and all the engines go out because volcanic dust has melted all over the combustion chambers and turbine blades, there is no sense in saying this was more improbable than the failure of one engine, because the same events and the same logic apply to each engine. Since this is a different but important usage of the same term, with relevance to statistics, perhaps someone more knowledgeable than me about the field could put some kind of note into the article? (Perhaps with xref to other articles on safety engineering and so on.) Chiswick Chap (talk) 20:16, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

example special v common cause lst
I am not a fan of the list of causes. I don't think it communicates the difference between special and common causes. Without objection I will edit it a little based on some of my textbooks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.208.161.137 (talk) 16:41, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

 * It sounds as if you should go ahead and fix it. Chiswick Chap (talk) 17:29, 8 January 2013 (UTC)


text:
Category:Mountains of Liberia

The mountains of Liberia.

title: Category:Mountains of Liberia


text:
White Tiger (band)

White Tiger was a short-lived glam metal band from United States, founded by former Kiss band member Mark St. John, which split up in 1988. The group also included former Black Sabbath member David Donato, as well as bassist Michael Norton and drummer Brian James Fox. They recorded only two albums.

Mark died some time later at the age of 51. Donato died in February 2021. Mark's brother and the bassist for the band, Michael Norton, died in 2023.

Beginning
St. John (Mark Norton), practiced as a guitar teacher before being contacted by Kiss in 1984, after being recommended by well-known guitar maker Grover Jackson, to replace Vinnie Vincent, who had just been fired from the band. From this period, Norton became known to the public under the name on Mark St. John. With Kiss, St. John participated in the recordings of the album Animalize (Kiss's best-selling album of the 80s), but in December of the same year, after having participated in three dates of the world tour, he was replaced by Bruce Kulick for health reasons as he had contracted a rare form of arthritis.

Donato, instead, joined Black Sabbath in 1984 to replace Ian Gillan, and was fired in 1985 after recording some demos with the band, after just six months, for reasons that are not fully understood. Prior to this experience Donato, who had previously worked as a model, had been a member of the British Armageddon (but based in Los Angeles) in the mid-1970s, with which he recorded a self-titled debut in 1975, before the death of its founder Keith Relf (former lead singer of The Yardbirds). After these, he joined the band Hero founded by Neil Citron who was briefly guitarist for Quiet Riot.

Creation of White Tiger
White Tiger was formed in early 1986 by St. John, his brother Michael Norton, Donato, and drummer Brian James Fox. The bandbore some similarity in appearance and sound to the eighties-era hair metal Kiss. A few months later, after signing with ECM Records, they released the self-titled debut White Tiger, which while receiving praise related to songwriting, was nevertheless criticized for its poor production. In any case, it was not a significant success and went unnoticed, also because it was produced by a small label. The label, which saw no promising future for the quartet, rejected the band for lack of success. Demonstrations were recorded for a possible second album, which should have been titled On The Prowl, but was never released due to a lost record deal.

The end
The project, seeing no future, was interrupted in 1989. St. John founded the band Keep composed of St. John, singer Michael McDonald (under the pseudonym Michael Donato), guitarist Kevin Russell, bassist Joey Mudarri and original Kiss drummer Peter Criss. After briefly switching bass with Jim Barnes, St. John reintroduced his brother Michael in January 1990. This incarnation of Keep, which included almost all the members of White Tiger, recorded some demos and attended some concerts in California. However, the label began to distance itself from the band due to the rise of the grunge movement that radically changed the musical trends of the time. Subsequently, the band disbanded in 1991 when Peter Criss founded his solo project titled "Criss".

Raw reunion and launch
St. John later worked with Stevie Wonder and David Hasselhoff. Brother Michael Norton joined the Laidlaw band releasing the albums Sample This (1998) and First Big Picnic (1999). Later, Fox joined Silent Rage, ironically signing with the label owned by Gene Simmons, known as Kiss bassist and founding member. With them, the drummer released the album Still Alive in 2002. In 1998, St. John hired a small label to release the album White Tiger Raw which was released in 1999. After playing for a few dates in Los Angeles, the band finally broke up. In the same 1999 the debut of White Tiger was reissued with the addition of a bonus track. St. John will then undertake his solo project called "Mark St. John Project" first recording the eponymous EP Mark St. John Project in 1999 in which he participated in the composition of some Peter Criss songs, and then in 2003 the second Magic Bullet theory.

St. John was reported to have died on April 5, 2007, of a brain hemorrhage. He was 51 years old.

Rare demo tape of White Tiger sold
A rare 1988 demo tape from White Tiger, Mark St. John's band, was sold on eBay for $608.00. Songs included are "Wild Wild Women", "Communicator", "Where Did Our Love Go", and "Face the Love".

Live video posts
Brian James Fox, former drummer of White Tiger, has announced that he is working on old material of the group recorded live (he has not specified if in audio or video) to publish it on Facebook and YouTube.

Studio albums

 * 1986 - White Tiger
 * 1999 - Raw

Compilations

 * Rock Warriors
 * Live to Rock

Live

 * 1987 - Live in Anaheim

White Tiger

 * 1) "Rock Warriors" - 5:28
 * 2) "Love/Hate" - 5:51
 * 3) "Bad Time Coming" - 6:01
 * 4) "Runaway" - 5:00
 * 5) "Still Standing Strong" - 5:26
 * 6) "Live To Rock" - 4:09
 * 7) "Northern Wind" - 5:13
 * 8) "Stand And Deliver" - 4:38
 * 9) "White Hot Desire" - 4:36

Raw

 * 1) Do You Want Me
 * 2) You're the One
 * 3) Small Dose of Lovin'
 * 4) What Ya Doin'
 * 5) Day of the Dog
 * 6) Lord of the Fire
 * 7) Love Me or Leave Me
 * 8) She's the Kind of Girl
 * 9) Razor Rock
 * 10) Brother the Devil
 * 11) I'm a Lover
 * 12) Pull It Tight
 * 13) Love Me or Leave Me [keyboard version]
 * 14) Baby (Somethin' About You)
 * 15) Out Rockin'
 * 16) Makin' Love
 * 17) Fallin' in Love
 * 18) You're Breakin' My Heart
 * 19) Interlude/Little Pussy [instrumental]
 * 20) Big Cat Strut [instrumental]

Members

 * David Donato - lead vocals
 * Mark St. John - guitars, backing vocals
 * Michael Norton - bass, backing vocals
 * Brian James Fox - drums, backing vocals

title: White Tiger (band)


text:
Micheline Bernardini

Micheline Bernardini (born 1 December 1927) is a French former nude dancer at the Casino de Paris who agreed to model, on 5 July 1946, Louis Réard's two-piece swimsuit, which he called the bikini, named four days after the first test of an American nuclear weapon at the Bikini Atoll.

Réard's bikini
Designer Louis Réard could not find a runway model willing to showcase his revealing design for a two-piece swimsuit. Risqué for its time, it exposed the wearer's navel and much of her buttocks. He hired Bernardini, an 18-year-old nude dancer from the Casino de Paris, as his model. He introduced his design, a two-piece swimsuit with a g-string back made out of 30 sqin of cloth with newspaper type pattern, which he called a bikini, at a press conference at the Piscine Molitor, a popular public pool in Paris in July 1946.

Photographs of Bernardini and articles about the event were widely carried by the press. The International Herald Tribune alone ran nine stories on the event. The bikini was a hit, especially among men, and Bernardini received over 50,000 fan letters.

Later life
Bernardini later moved to Australia. She appeared from 1948 to 1958 in a number of revues at the Tivoli Theatre, Melbourne. Footage of her 1946 modeling appearance was featured in an episode of the reality television series Love Lust titled The Bikini, in 2011.

Bernardini posed at age 58 in a bikini for photographer Peter Turnley, in 1986.

title: Micheline Bernardini


text:
Talk:London Borough of Richmond upon Thames

Commercial link
User:80.195.188.66 added a link to a commercial website and then moved it above the link to the official council website. I have removed it. --Etimbo | Talk 13:01, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

..."almost entirely of suburban development"...
A completely misleading statement! The huge areas of parkland which dominate the map show that the suburban development is only in the TW1 and TW2 parts of Twickenham and the town of Richmond itself following through to Mortlake and Barnes. Peter Shearan 12:04, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I have therefore spent the past two hours revising it. I have also completed the article (in a series) which connects with it: Richmond parks and open spaces Peter Shearan 13:04, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Aren't parks and open spaces features of suburban development? I understand the misunderstanding, its much clearer now. To some the word suburban creates images of endless rows of houses but to others it is of lots of green too. MRSC 14:52, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Hyphenation
For the record, both "Richmond upon Thames" and "Kingston upon Thames" are unhyphenated, unlike "Stratford-upon-Avon", "Newcastle-upon-Tyne", etc. I have removed hyphens from one instance and added a comment. — Paul G 09:34, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Newcastle upon Tyne is not hyphenated, for the record. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.26.84.126 (talk) 15:18, 2 March 2012 (UTC)

Richmond, The American International University in London
I have removed the external link and put in an internal link to it. I felt it should be internal as there is already a article that discusses it. --Abdulha (talk) 15:44, 5 July 2008 (UTC)Abdulha

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20121022005913/http://www.sportengland.org:80/research/active_people_survey/active_people_survey_1.aspx? to http://www.sportengland.org/research/active_people_survey/active_people_survey_1.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 15:07, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

London assembly member
Nicholas Rogers is no longer the assembly member for the assembly southwest seat. As of the 4th May 2024, it is Gareth Roberts, Lib Dems. 5.151.133.170 (talk) 08:21, 27 June 2024 (UTC)


text:
Osum

The Osum is a river in southern Albania, one of the source rivers of the Seman. It is 161 km long and its drainage basin is 2073 km2. Its average discharge is 32.5 m3/s. Its source is in the southwestern part of the Korçë County, near the village of Vithkuq at an altitude of 1050 m. It flows initially south to the Kolonjë municipality, then west to Çepan, and northwest through Çorovodë where it flows through the famous Osum Canyon, Poliçan, Berat and Urë Vajgurore. It joins the Devoll near Kuçovë, to form Seman River. The discharge of the river is reported to vary between 5.11 m3/s and 74.11 m3/s.

Name
In classical antiquity, the Osum river was known as the Apsus, which is a derivative of the Indo-European root *ăp- "water, river". The Illyrian hydronym Apsus, corresponds to Apsias, a river name in southern Italy brought by Illyrian migrations (Iapygians) in the region.

title: Osum


text:
Steppenwolf (character)

Steppenwolf (German for "Steppe wolf") is a supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer-artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in New Gods #7 (February 1972). A New God and military general from the planet Apokolips, Steppenwolf is the brother of Heggra and therefore the maternal uncle of Darkseid. He is commonly depicted as Darkseid's subordinate, commanding his army of Parademons in conflicts against Superman and the Justice League.

The character is featured in the DC Extended Universe and made his live-action debut in the film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice with the use of computer-generated imagery, before being portrayed through motion capture by Ciarán Hinds in both the theatrical release and the director's cut of Justice League.

Fictional character biography
Steppenwolf is a New God who is the younger brother of Heggra (Darkseid's mother) and the uncle of Uxas (Darkseid). He is also a member of Darkseid's Elite. He leads the military forces of Apokolips and rides hounds bred for battle.

Steppenwolf is one of the earliest survivors of Doomsday, the monster who once killed Superman. Two hundred forty-five thousand years ago, Steppenwolf takes an Apokoliptian shuttle with Darkseid, Master Mayhem and a small crew to the planet of Bylan 5. The planet holds delicate natural materials Apokolips needs for weaponry, material which would be destroyed in the event of an invasion. The forcible marriage of Darkseid to the planet's princess comes to an end when Doomsday attacks. Master Mayhem is swiftly torn apart. Darkseid ignores Steppenwolf's orders to use omega beams and engages the creature in hand-to-hand combat. Steppenwolf sees that the destruction that has been wrought has doomed the planet, and all who live on it. He teleports Darkseid out of harm's way, agreeing with Darkseid not to mention this to anyone. Doomsday escapes by stowing away on the Apokoliptian shuttle.

Most of Steppenwolf's appearances under the pen of Jack Kirby are in flashbacks. His debut, in New Gods #7, was a flashback story in which he helps Darkseid murder the wife of Darkseid's hated rival, Highfather. Highfather later tracks down and kills Steppenwolf in retaliation, and the murder reignites the war between the two sides. However, Steppenwolf appeared in the seemingly non-canon (despite Jack Kirby's involvement) Super Powers (1985) mini-series, and his entry in Who's Who in the DC Universe clarified that he had been resurrected by Apokoliptian technology.

Steppenwolf appears when Mister Miracle (Scott Free) gains godlike powers over life and death. Steppenwolf torments him over his role in killing Scott's mother (or alleged mother figure as is claimed) and in return is physically tortured. Free ends up healing him, instead of killing him as he desires. He is sent away with Darkseid's legions.

He is seen in New Gods (vol. 2) #6, with a new costume (a Kirby redesign for the figure's Super Powers action figure). Though considered a "mockery", Steppenwolf is given the job of running Darkseid's military forces. He is later seen fighting the Flash (Barry Allen) and the Justice League of America.

In Terror Titans #2, Steppenwolf appears as a member of the board of the Dark Side Club. He is killed by Clock King, who was using the club for gladiator fights and cruel amusements.

The New 52
With The New 52 reboot that followed the 2011 Flashpoint limited series, a new version of Earth-2 (home of the Justice Society of America) is introduced. In the continuity of that parallel world, Steppenwolf leads a massive invasion of the planet by Darkseid's parademons. Earth's heroes successfully repel the invaders, but that world's Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman are killed in battle. Five years later, Steppenwolf is apparently hiding on Earth-2, and there is a $300 million reward for him. He is eventually killed by Bizarro, whom Steppenwolf had employed as a soldier and indoctrinated into fighting for Apokolips.

Steppenwolf also appears briefly in an issue of Justice League within The New 52. He participates in the torture of Superman on the Prime Earth. Steppenwolf is seen as support for Darkseid when he moves to attack the Anti-Monitor.

Powers and abilities
Steppenwolf is an immortal with vast superhuman strength, endurance and speed, capable of lifting about 10,000 tons and jumping huge distances easily. He has superhuman reflexes and a high degree of invulnerability, which increases with his battle armor and allows him to resist most physical and energetic attacks.

He is an experienced military leader, having served as the head of Apokolips's armed forces, and when going into battle personally often commands units of the dog cavalry — warriors riding enormous dogs, known for the carnage and mass deaths he causes when he leads forces.

Steppenwolf wields several weapons, including a cable-snare in which he can entrap opponents and from which he can fire lethal radion beams. His main weapon is his electro-axe. He is a master swordsman and a formidable hand-to-hand combatant forged in hundreds of battles.

Television

 * Steppenwolf appears in the Superman: The Animated Series two-part episode "Apokolips... Now!", voiced by Sherman Howard.
 * Steppenwolf makes a cameo appearance in the Justice League two-part episode "Twilight", voiced by René Auberjonois.
 * Steppenwolf appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson. This version is a champion gladiator in Mongul's Warworld.
 * Steppenwolf appears in the Justice League Action episode "Under a Red Sun", voiced by Peter Jessop. This version's design takes inspiration from that of his Superman: The Animated Series incarnation.
 * Steppenwolf appears in Harley Quinn, voiced by Keith Ferguson. This version is an openly gay, intergalactic businessman whose design is a composite of his original and modern comics designs and that of his Zack Snyder's Justice League incarnation (see below).

Film
An alternate universe incarnation of Steppenwolf makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Justice League: Gods and Monsters.

DC Extended Universe

Steppenwolf appears in films set in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).

 * He makes a holographic cameo appearance in the extended edition of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) via CGI effects.
 * Steppenwolf appears in the theatrical cut of Justice League and the director's cut, Zack Snyder's Justice League, voiced and motion captured by Ciarán Hinds. For his performance, Hinds consulted Liam Neeson, who had done similar motion capture work in A Monster Calls.
 * In the theatrical release, Steppenwolf was exiled from Apokolips by Darkseid for failing to conquer Earth a millennium prior after his forces were defeated by a united front of humans, Amazons, Atlanteans, Olympians, and Earth's then-active Green Lantern, who subsequently took and scattered the three Mother Boxes he used in the invasion. In the present, Steppenwolf returns to Earth in the hopes of renewing his invasion and regaining Darkseid's favor. Despite reclaiming the Mother Boxes, he runs afoul of the Justice League, who resurrect Superman to defeat him once more. Overwhelmed with fear, Steppenwolf is then attacked and dragged back to Apokolips by his Parademon army. This depiction of Steppenwolf was negatively received by critics and fans alike, with criticism directed at the character's poor computer-generated design and generic demeanor. It was later reported that Steppenwolf's appearance and personality were drastically altered during Joss Whedon's retooling of the film, which was criticized by Screen Rant for being "too family-friendly" and "forgettable". Additionally, Hinds has expressed frustration with the theatrical cut, which trimmed down much of his character's development and personality.
 * In the director's cut, Steppenwolf was banished from Apokolips for attempting to betray Darkseid and owed him a debt of fifty-thousand worlds before he can return. Additionally, the Mother Boxes were left on Earth following Darkseid's failed invasion of Earth aeons ago. After the Mother Boxes are reactivated following Superman's death, Steppenwolf travels to Earth to seek them out, discovering the Anti-Life Equation in the process. Darkseid gives Steppenwolf a chance at redemption by uniting the Mother Boxes to prepare for his arrival. Steppenwolf and his Parademon forces overwhelm the Justice League until a resurrected Superman arrives and defeats him. Nonetheless, the Mother Boxes are synchronized, allowing Steppenwolf to terraform Earth. However, the Flash taps into the Speed Force and reverses time to undo his victory, leading to Aquaman, Superman, and Wonder Woman killing Steppenwolf and sending his corpse back to Apokolips. This depiction of Steppenwolf received a more positive reception from fans and critics, with praise directed at his monstrous and alien design, more menacing and sinister presence, and greater level of character depth and development in contrast to his theatrical counterpart.

Video games
Steppenwolf appears as a playable character in Lego DC Super-Villains, voiced again by Peter Jessop.

title: Steppenwolf (character)


text:
Alvis Stalwart

The Stalwart, formally classified by the British Army as Truck, High Mobility Load Carrier (HMLC), 5 Ton, 6 x 6, Alvis Stalwart and informally known by servicemen as the Stolly, and by former RCT as the Stally, is a highly mobile amphibious military truck. Built by Alvis Cars between 1960 and 1971, these vehicles served with the British Army from 1963 until 1993.

History
Alvis had great success with the FV603 Saracen armoured personnel carrier, being produced from 1952. The Saracen had permanent 6 wheel drive, and independent parallel wishbone links and torsion bar suspension on each wheel station. Alvis then used the same suspension and drive methods to develop the FV601 Saladin armoured car, and the Salamander airfield crash tender. Following the success of those vehicles, Alvis then decided to start a private venture of an off-road truck, capable of carrying 5 tons and being highly mobile. Using the hull and cab of the Salamander, Alvis created the 'Camion' for the military and civilian market. The military, having conducted fording trials with the Saracen, asked if Camion would float. Camion is commonly known by its chassis number of PV 1 (Project Vehicle 1), and as "The Beast" by staff at Alvis. While the military carried out fording trials at Instow, Alvis went away and developed PV 2. PV 2 was put through a number of trials and tests both in the UK and Sweden, and received various facelifts to the cab roof and body sides along the way. The final version of PV 2 has twin hatches and a Hiab crane, compared to the original having full-length sideboards and a sliding roof hatch. PV 2 was named Stalwart. The Stalwart was adopted and entered service with the British Army in 1964 as a general transport truck in preference to the FV431, the load carrier variant of the FV430 series. The high mobility and amphibious capabilities were considered ideal for resupplying units in the field, particularly those of the British Army of the Rhine.

Design
The Stalwart is a frameless vehicle with an all welded waterproof hull - the hull forms a punt chassis. The engine is situated under the load deck in the rear of the hull and the gearbox with transfer box and differential forward of this. The load deck is open-topped with large drop-down panels on either side and rear. Waterproof seals ensure that these will not leak when in the water. The cab has the driver's position in the centre, and a seat for a passenger on the left side of the cab or either side on some models. The cab can only be entered through roof hatches. The dropping side windows are emergency escape hatches.

The Stalwart can carry 5 tonnes of stores. Early press releases in Commercial Motor suggests it could tow 10 tonnes. But trial reports by MEXE showed it could easily handle 7.5 ton.

In the water it can be driven at about 6 knots by vectored thrust water-jet propulsion units.

The drive system, which includes the all-wheel drive, multiple gearboxes, and the water propulsion units, is complex and needed a lot of maintenance. When the amphibious qualities became unnecessary, it was common for the water jets to be removed to reduce weight and maintenance.

The Stalwart's over-terrain capabilities come from the fact that the six-wheel-drive system lacks differentials, using simple bevel gears to transmit drive. A centre-mounted no-spin differential allows a certain amount of slip between the two sets of wheels on each side of the vehicle on hard surfaces, but there is no allowance for rotational speed differences between front and rear. The centre no-spin unit allows the wheels on either side of the vehicle with most grip to drive when off-road. This has the effect of making the vehicle appear to crab (move from side to side) when negotiating muddy conditions, thus making the Stalwart a true six-wheel-drive vehicle, with three wheels locked together and turning at the same speed.

However, this system causes "wind up" in the transmission (inter-component stress) as all the wheels are forced to rotate at the same speed, which during cornering is impossible. This led to rapid wear and breakage of the tracta joints within the drive train if the vehicle was used on firm surfaces, such as tarmac or concrete; in off-road conditions, the natural 'slip' of a loose surface, such as mud or gravel, reduced wind up. This problem is of special concern for modern-day Stalwart owners – to get a vehicle to a show requires moving it by low-loader or driving it on the road, risking damage to the transmission. Alternatively, the front and rear driveshafts can be removed, eliminating wind-up at the expense of off-road capability.

During military use, the problem of transmission wind-up was solved by laying out railway sleepers (railroad ties) in a grid on flat ground and driving over them on long road moves; this allowed the transmission to unwind. On more than one occasion, servicemen drove Stalwarts into car parks and used the kerbstones separating parking bays for the same purpose. Another problem with the transmission was that the vehicle was designed to be driven loaded. Driving the vehicle unloaded caused increased wear on the drivelines to the wheels as a result of the increased angle of mesh of the joints. See User manual and Crew reference card.

Specifications

 * Length = 6.35 m
 * Width = 2.62 m
 * Height = 2.65 m to load cover pole FV620/FV622
 * Height = 3.1 m crane stowed FV623/FV624
 * Weight empty = 8636 kg FV620/FV622
 * Weight fully laden = 14224 kg FV620/FV622
 * Bridge Classification = 14
 * Weight empty = 10515 kg FV623/FV624
 * Weight fully laden = 15595 kg FV623/FV624
 * Bridge Classification = 15
 * Suspension = independent parallel wishbone links and torsion bars per wheel station
 * Speed = road speed 64 km/h at 4000 rpm
 * Fording depth prepared = amphibious to full flotation
 * Vehicle range = 640 km
 * Fuel consumption = 4 mpg
 * Max gradient = 21 degrees
 * Max gradient restart = 18 degrees
 * Approach angle laden = 42 degrees
 * Departure angle laden = 29 degrees
 * Side Overturn angle = 31 degrees For FV620/FV622
 * Maximum Vertical obstacle = 0.46 m
 * Trench crossing = 5 feet 1.52 m
 * Ground clearance = 0.41 m laden FV622
 * Turning circle = 1/R and L/H lock 15 - 18 m
 * Armour = none - but hull protected crews from anti-tank mines in Aden
 * Engine = Rolls-Royce B81 MK 8B eight-cylinder water-cooled 6.5 L petrol engine, engine developing 220 hp (164 kW)
 * Gear box = Alvis 5 speed box.
 * Transfer box = Forward and reverse, giving 5 gears in both directions
 * Driveline - Non-slip differential to bevel boxes, producing permanent 6 wheel drive.
 * Crew Driver, and up to two passengers

Project vehicles
All Prototypes for Stalwart were known as Private Venture (PV), and had the chassis number prefix PV. There were 15 PVs, with their destinations shown on Alvis letter of sales numbers.

The Camion was a one off project vehicle that inspired the Stalwart; it was chassis number PV1. It consisted of an Alvis Salamander hull and cab, with the radiator still located in front of the rear mounted engine.
 * Alvis Camion

PV 2, or Project Vehicle 2 took note of the MOD fording trials at Instow - and noted the roof hatch being used to access the cab. The first version of PV 2 had a sliding hatch, and full-length single-skin sideboards. The exhaust was also at the back of the cab. Numerous obvious modifications were made to PV 2, with the last one being the installation of a Hiab crane.
 * Stalwart

A very early version of PV2 is filmed by Pathe News in Devon. Note the exhaust pipe is still at the back of the cab, and the fuel cap is low on the left side of the cab – below the waterline. YouTube - PV2 showing it paces in Devon during 1961

A Pathé News film from 1962 of PV2 in the original configuration, with the full-length single-skin side boards. Note the troops' uniforms. - YouTube - Alvis Stalwart 1962

PV 2 is seen with crane fitted in a film about the merger of Rover group and Alvis Youtube - combat Land Rover line up

Production vehicles

All MK 1 had the chassis prefix STAL, and ran from STAL 16 to STALL 140. Stalwart Mk 1 load carrier. This had a driver's and passenger's seat. The Mk 1 was used for troop movement in Aden, but the Stalwart was more regularly used for carrying packed fuel, over 300 Jerry cans, or ammunition as alternatives to the five tonnes of cargo in the UK and Germany. The majority of the Mk 1 models did not have winches fitted. Sweden mounted hydraulic winches onto the front of their MK 1 Stalwarts, known as Amfibiebil 101B. Sweden also mounted FOCO 4000 ZXX cranes on some of their vehicles, which are mounted to the left side of the cargo bay.
 * FV620

All MK2 had the chassis number STAL 11/, and ran from STALL 11/1 to STAL 11/956.
 * FV622

Stalwart Mk 2 load carrier. This had a driver's and passenger's seat, although a third seat could be fitted to the right of the driver as a field modification. All Mk 2 have an internal hydraulic winch, which only operates through the front and is mounted below the driver. The winch type is a Morris multi-layer drum, driven by a P.T.O. mounted hydraulic pump. The winch pull is 5400;kg. The MK 2 was known as Amfibiebil 101C in Sweden, and again some were fitted with the FOCO 4000 ZXX cranes.

Whilst the Stalwart could be used for troop movement, it was more regularly used for carrying Packed fuel (over 300 Jerry cans), ammunition, or the Gloster SARO UBRE Unit Bulk Refuelling Equipment pack as alternatives to the five tonnes of cargo. The jet drive units in all the Mk 2 variants were much more efficient, giving a claimed 9 knots.

The most obvious visible difference between Mk 1 and Mk 2 variants is that the lower edges of the cab windows were now angled downwards rather than horizontal. This was to improve visibility at close range, particularly when being marshalled by a banksman standing nearby.

A total of 956 Mk 2 FV622, FV623 and FV624 Stalwarts were produced, of which the British Army purchased 932, with 24 sold to other countries.

Stalwart Mk 2 limber. An artillery ammunition supply vehicle for the Abbot self-propelled gun. There was an extra seat in the cab for the crane operator plus four rear-mounted seats for a seven-man crew. An Atlas 3001/66 hydraulic crane capable of lifting three tons was added to the cargo area to lift palletised loads of ammunition. The rear crew folding seats were separated from the main cargo area by a wooden divider, and protected from inclement weather by two folding PVC hoods on metal hoops.
 * FV623

When swimming on deep water when fording operations are expected, i.e. the vehicle will be subjected to full floatation, it is important that the maximum load be restricted to 3 tons 10 cwt. (3556 kg). A total of 269 Mk 2 Stalwart limbers were produced.

Stalwart Mk 2 REME fitters' vehicle, based on the Mk 2 Stalwart. Two extra rear-mounted seats were added to the main cargo area for a four-man crew. An Atlas 3001 hydraulic crane capable of lifting three tons was added to the cargo area. This differed from that of the FV623 variant by having hydraulic anti-creep check valves fitted. This modified crane was more stable (and safer) for lifting and holding engine, transmission, and other heavy equipment whilst manoeuvring them into position.
 * FV624

When swimming on deep water when fording operations are expected, i.e. the vehicle will be subjected to full floatation, it is important that the maximum load be restricted to 3 tons 10 cwt. (3556 kg). A total of 60 Mk 2 Stalwart fitters' vehicles were produced.

07ER57 (Chassis STAL 11/002, known to have been to Thailand for trials on Operation Mudlark in 1966) became 09AH16. 07ER63 became 00AG79. Both served with RAF from January 1967 to March 1976, when they were disposed of, being the first MK 2s available for second-hand purchase. They were based at RAF Gan as Reef Rescue and manned by the RAF fire fighters.
 * Gan reef rescue

Bangkok International Airport bought a 623 Limber version as a rescue vehicle, in case any aircraft should end up in the water surrounding the airport. The main difference between this and every other Stalwart is the factory-fitted water monitor, mounted on the roof of the cab. This is chassis number STAL 11 / 706, and currently resides at Jesada Technik Museum in Bangkok. MOD Merlin records suggest that 706 was made in the first part of 1969.
 * Bangkok International Airport

Military operators
Listed by Alvis sales figures Of the Swedish Amfibiebil 101C sold in 1985;
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom - British Army: 125 Mk1 ordered 1962 (delivered 1963 and 1965), 932 Mk2 (delivered between 1966 and 1971). Disposed of 1993.
 * 🇸🇪 Sweden - Swedish Coastal Artillery: 2 pre-production PV4 and 5 (Amfibiebil 101A, 1963), 6 Mk1 fitted with a Foco 1.5 ton crane and an externally-mounted Boughton 10 ton winch (Amfibiebil 101B, 1965) and 18 Mk2 (Amfibiebil 101c, 1966). All were disposed of in 1985.
 * 🇩🇪 Germany - Bundeswehr: 1 Mk1. PV14 (1963) 2 Mk2 STAL 11/16 and 17 (1966).
 * 🇦🇹 Austria - Austrian Army Pioneers (flood relief): 3 Mk2. (1967). Austria quickly disposed of the Stalwart following a fatality whilst exiting the River Danube.
 * 🇮🇹 Italy - Italian Army (flood relief)]]: 1 Mk1 PV6 (1964).
 * 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka - Sri Lanka Army: 5 Refurbished Swedish Mk2 models (1985)

Civil operators

 * 🇫🇷 France - Berliet: 2 Mk1, PV15 and STAL 34. later to be transferred to the Saumur Tank Museum, France (1965).
 * 🇰🇷 South Korea - Korea Oceanographic Research and Development Institute: 1 refurbished Swedish Mk2 model sent to the South Atlantic. (1989).
 * 🇹🇭 Thailand - Bangkok International Airport: 1 Mk2. STAL 11/706.
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom - British Petroleum (oil terminal anti-pollution): 1 pre-production PV3 (1980), 1 Mk2 FV622 (1982). Disposed of around 1990.

In popular culture

 * Captain Tankboy uses an Alvis Stalwart FV622 as his Battle Truck in the TV show, Tankboy TV (2009).
 * A Stalwart FV623 Series 2 was featured in Children of Men (2006).
 * An Alvis Stalwart FV622 was used in Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life (2003).
 * An Alvis Stalwart was also used in an episode of SeaQuest DSV (1993-1996).
 * An Alvis Stalwart was also used in an episode of Bugs (1995-1999).
 * An Alvis Stalwart FV622 was used in Reign of Fire (2002).
 * An Alvis Stalwart FV622 with a modified payload compartment appears briefly in the opening of the 2-hour pilot episode of Firefly (known as "Serenity") during a night battle scene. Firefly (2002–2003).
 * A Mk2 Stalwart (date of manufacture: 1968, registration: NOP225F) and two Alvis Saracens are featured in Altern8's video for "E-Vapor-8", which reached #6 in the UK singles chart in 1992.
 * An Alvis Stalwart is used in the fourth Modesty Blaise novel (A Taste for Death) by the characters to escape from the Roman city of Mus and cross the Sahara to the North African coast (1969).
 * An Alvis Stalwart stars in an episode of TV series The Troubleshooters circa 1967 as hero Peter Thornton (Ray Barrett) outwits and out-manoeuvres a rival company in the jungle of a Central American nation. The Stalwart's internal winch is used to haul it up a steep incline to evade his pursuers.
 * A modified Alvis Stalwart was used as a "bug out vehicle" in The Grand Tour - series 1 episode 9 (2017).

Scale models

 * In 1966, Matchbox released a die-cast model (#61) in the 1–75 series. Based on Stalwarts PV4 and PV5 as the only two with octagonal hatches
 * In 1967, Solido released a 1:50 die-cast model (Ref.214) of the "Berliet Aurochs", French version of the Stalwart.
 * In 1971, Airfix released a 1:32 "Ready Made" assembled plastic model.
 * In 1972, Dinky Toys released a 1:60 die-cast model, Ref 682.
 * In 2012, S&M Models released 1:76 injection-moulded plastic model kits of the FV620, FV622 and FV623, and the Gan Reef rescue.
 * In 2017, Ace Models released a 1:72 injection-moulded plastic model kit of the FV622.
 * Accurate Armour have a range of highly detailed 1:35 injection-moulded plastic model Alvis Stalwart FV620, FV622, FV623 and FV634 kits, along with UBRE kits and jerrycans
 * Kit Form Services have a range of highly detailed 1:24 injection-moulded plastic model Alvis Stalwart FV622 and FV623/634 kits

title: Alvis Stalwart


text:
Portal talk:Poland/Selected anniversaries/general

Links
http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wybrane_rocznice

Ground rules
I'd like to propose some ground rules: --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 21:01, 14 October 2008 (UTC)
 * no deaths, only births
 * REALLY famous people only, and no living people
 * REALLY famous events only


text:
Category:Mountains of Guinea

The mountains of Guinea.

title: Category:Mountains of Guinea


text: Category:Welsh-Americans

title: Category:Welsh-Americans


text:
Shane Horgan

Shane Patrick Horgan (born 18 July 1978) is an Irish former rugby union player who played wing or centre for Leinster and Ireland.

Early life
Horgan was born on 18 July 1978 in Bellewstown, County Meath, to an Irish mother, Ursula (née Campbell) from County Kildare and a New Zealand father, John. His maternal grandparents were from Midfield, County Mayo. He has three older sisters, Maria, Sharon, and Lorraine, and one younger brother, Mark.

In his youth, he played for Boyne RFC. He also played Gaelic football at Minor (U18) level with the Meath county team. He was educated at a boys' Catholic school, St. Mary's Diocesan School in Drogheda, and was a member of their rugby team. He joined Lansdowne on leaving school in 1997.

Club career
Horgan made his debut for Leinster in 1998. He played for Leinster 87 times in the Heineken Cup, ranking fifth in career Heineken Cup appearances. He scored 27 tries during his Heineken Cup career, ranking him eighth (as of 22 February 2023) on the list of most career tries scored in Heineken Cup competition. His most prolific Heineken Cup season was 2004–05, when Horgan was the leading try scorer with eight tries. He was a member of a Leinster backline which included Brian O'Driscoll, Gordon D'Arcy, Denis Hickie, Felipe Contepomi, Isa Nacewa, Rob Kearney and Johnny Sexton.

International career
Horgan made his debut for the Ireland senior side against Scotland in the 2000 Six Nations Championship, scoring a try in the process. In the following game against Italy he scored two tries and added another one against Wales during the tournament. He was selected for the 2005 British & Irish Lions tour to New Zealand. He was used as a substitute during all three tests. After scoring the winning try against England at Twickenham in the 2006 Six Nations Championship to secure the Triple Crown for the second time in three years, he became a new national hero. Horgan added to his following in 2007 when he scored a try against England in Croke Park by executing a Gaelic football style catch from a Ronan O'Gara crossfield kick. Horgan is known by the Irish media and rugby fans as "Shaggy".

Horgan showed a return to something near the levels of performance of his earlier career in early 2011 but injury towards the end of the club season forced him to miss out on the 2011 Rugby World Cup.

On 28 March 2012, Horgan announced his retirement with immediate effect having failed to regain full fitness following surgery on a long-term knee injury.

Honours

 * Individual
 * Leinster all-time leading try scorer: (69)
 * Leinster Supporter's Player Player of the Year (1): 2010–11

 * Leinster
 * Celtic League (2): 2001–02, 2007–08
 * Heineken Cup (2): 2008–09, 2010–11

 * Ireland
 * Six Nations (1): 2009

Personal life
Horgan studied law at Portobello College and is completing a master's degree at Trinity College Dublin.

As of 2016, he was working as a trainee solicitor at Lee & Thompson in London, while appearing on RTÉ Sport as an analyst in their rugby coverage. After leaving RTÉ Sport, he joined TV3 for the station's Six Nations coverage.

title: Shane Horgan