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Butuan

Butuan (pronounced ), officially the City of Butuan (Dakbayan sa Butuan; Butuanon: Dakbayan hong Butuan; Lungsod ng Butuan), is a 1st class highly urbanized city and the regional center of Caraga, Philippines. It is the de facto capital of the province of Agusan del Norte where it is geographically situated but has an administratively independent government. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 372,910 people making it the most populous city in Caraga Region.

It served as the former capital of the Rajahnate of Butuan before 1001 until about 1521. The city used to be known during that time as the best in gold and boat manufacturing in the entire Philippine archipelago, having traded with places as far as Champa, Ming, Srivijaya, Majapahit, and the Bengali coasts. It is located at the northeastern part of the Agusan Valley, Mindanao, sprawling across the Agusan River. It is bounded to the north, west and south by Agusan del Norte, to the east by Agusan del Sur and to the northwest by Butuan Bay.

Butuan was the capital of the province of Agusan del Norte until 2000, when Republic Act 8811 transferred the capital to Cabadbaran. For statistical and geographical purposes by the Philippine Statistics Authority, Butuan is grouped with Agusan del Norte but governed administratively independent from the province while legislatively administered by the province's 1st congressional district. However, the provincial government still holds office in Butuan, since the actual transfer of provincial offices to the new capital is still pending.

Etymology
The name "Butuan" is believed to have originated from the sour fruit locally called batuan. Other etymological sources say that it comes from a certain Datu Buntuan, a chieftain who once ruled over areas of the present-day city.

According to Datu Makalipay, Butuan was named after the wife of Datu Balansag who was the tiniente de barangay of the area before.

Old Butuan

Butuan, during the pre-colonial times, was known as the Rajahnate of Butuan, an Indianized kingdom known for its metallurgic industry and sophisticated naval technology. The rajahnate flourished at the 10th and 11th centuries CE, and had an extensive trade network with the Champa civilization and the Srivijaya Empire.

By 1001, the rajahnate had established contact with the Song dynasty of China. The History of Song recorded the appearance of a Butuan mission at the Chinese imperial court, and the rajahnate was described as a small Hindu country with a Buddhist monarchy, which had a regular trade connection with Champa. The mission, under a king named "Kiling", asked for equal status in court protocol with the Champa envoy, but ultimately was denied by the imperial court. However, under the reign of Sri Bata Shaja, the diplomatic equality was eventually granted to the kingdom, and as a result the diplomatic relations of the two nations reached its peak in the Yuan dynasty.

Evidence of these trading links is in the discovery of 11 balangay boats around Ambangan in Barangay Libertad, which was described as the only concentration of archaeological, ancient, ocean-going boats in Southeast Asia. More evidence of the post was the discovery of a village in Libertad that specialized in gold, as well as the discovery of deformed skulls similar to reports in Sulawesi. Other assorted artifacts have also found by locals and treasure hunters.

Colonial period
On March 31, 1521, an Easter Sunday, Ferdinand Magellan ordered a mass to be celebrated. This was officiated by Friar Pedro Valderrama, the Andalusian chaplain of the fleet, the only priest then. Another priest, the French Bernard Calmette (Bernardo Calmeta) had been marooned at Patagonia with Juan de Cartagena for being implicated in the mutiny at Puerto San Julián. Conducted near the shores of the island, the Holy First Mass marked the birth of Roman Catholicism in the Philippines. Rajah Colambu and Siaiu were said to be among the first natives of the soon-to-be Spanish colony to attend the mass among other Mazaua inhabitants, together with visitors from Butuan who came with the entourage of Colambu, king of Butuan.

Controversy has been generated regarding the holding of the first mass—whether it was held in Limasawa, Leyte or in Masao, Butuan, in the hidden isle made up of barangays Pinamanculan and Bancasi inside Butuan—in the latest discovered site in the small barangay of Barobo, situated near between Agusan del Sur and Surigao del Sur, or elsewhere. It is sure, however, that Ferdinand Magellan did not drop anchor by the mouth of Agusan River in 1521 and hold mass to commemorate the event which was held at Mazaua, an island separate from Butuan which, in the geographical conception of Europeans who wrote about it, was a larger entity than what it is now. Antonio Pigafetta who wrote an eyewitness account of Magellan's voyage described in text and in map a Butuan that stretched from today's Surigao up to the top edge of Zamboanga del Norte.

The first municipal election in Butuan took place in March 1902 in accordance with Public Law No. 82 which coincided with the American occupation of the place.

During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II, the Japanese enslaved local girls, teenagers, and young adults into becoming "comfort women", who they routinely gang-raped and murdered in "comfort stations" that they established in the city in 1942. More than half of Butuan, if not all of it, was burned when local guerrilla forces attacked the enemy garrison on March 12, 1943, in the Battle of Butuan. On January 17, 1945, guerrillas attacked Japanese troops on the road between Cabadbaran and Butuan to prevent the Japanese garrison at Butuan from being reinforced. When the guerrillas depleted their ammunition supply, they were forced to retreat. Later in 1945, the Philippine Commonwealth troops in Butuan together with the recognized guerrillas attacked the Japanese forces during the Battle of Agusan. On October 20, 1948, still recovering from the war, the entire municipality was ruined by a fire.

Modern era
By the late 1940s to the 1970s, Butuan's industry specialized in timber, earning it the nickname "Timber City of the South". The plentiful trees of the area invited many investors to the city, and inspired then Congressman Marcos M. Calo to file a bill elevating Butuan for cityhood. On August 2, 1950, this was passed, converting Butuan into a city.

However, by the early 1980s, the logging industry of the city began to decline, although the city was still an economic haven for many investors. The city's main income by that time frame and until this day depended on small and medium business, and large-scale projects by investors. On February 7, 1995, the city was reclassified from a chartered city to a highly urbanized city. Sixteen days later, on February 23, the region of Caraga was created by virtue of Republic Act 7901, with Butuan as its regional center, and the provincial capital of Agusan del Norte. In 2000, Republic Act 8811 formally transferred the capital of Agusan del Norte from Butuan to Cabadbaran; however most provincial offices are still located in the city.

In 2021, Timber City Academy a school in Butuan was burnt by a fire which took 1 year to rebuild until it was finished in 2021.

In the summer of 2023, the Agusan Capitol was rocked by a bomb threat which prevented the governor from entering the city due to threats of a rebel presence according to some reports.

On December 2, 2023, at exactly 10:32 PM the city was hit a strong Earthquake with a 7.6 magnitude which damaged many parts of the city's buildings a notable example being SM City Butuan, as well as many buildings, schools and major bridges.

Geography
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the City of Butuan has a total land area of 81662 ha, which is roughly 4.1% of the total area of the Caraga region.

Butuan is bordered by the municipalities of Magallanes, Agusan del Norte and Remedios T. Romualdez to the north, municipality of Sibagat, Agusan del Sur to the northeast, east and southeast, municipality of Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte to the south, municipality of Buenavista, Agusan del Norte to the west and Butuan Bay to the northwest.

Butuan is 29 km away from the city of Cabadbaran, the provincial capital of Agusan del Norte, to the north. It is also 43 km away from Bayugan to the east and 75 km away from Gingoog to the west.

Elevation
Butuan is located at °N, °W. Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 1.0 meter above sea level (M.a.s.l.).

Land Use
The existing land use of the city consists of the following uses: agriculture areas (397.23 km2), forestland (268 km2), grass/shrub/pasture land (61.14 km2) and other uses (90.242 km2). Of the total forestland, 105 km2 is production forest areas while 167.5 km2 is protection forest areas.

The forestland, as mentioned earlier, comprised both the production and protection forest. The classified forest is further specified as production forest and protection forest. In the production forest industrial tree species are mostly grown in the area. The protection forest on the other hand, is preserved to support and sustain necessary ecological performance. Included in this are the watershed areas in Taguibo, which is the main source of water in the area,

The city is endowed with swamplands near its coastal area. These swamp areas are interconnected with the waterways joined by the Agusan River. Most of the swamplands are actually mangroves that served as habitat to different marine species.

Filling material needs of the city are extracted usually from the riverbank of Taguibo River. Others are sourced out from promontories with special features and for special purpose.

The fishing ground of Butuan is Butuan Bay of which two coastal barangays are located. It extends some two kilometers to the sea and joins the Bohol Sea. These are the barangays of Lumbocan and Masao.

Climate
Butuan has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af).

Demographics
With a total population of 372,910 in the 2020 census, Butuan has an average density of 460 persons per km2, higher than the regional average density of 130 persons per km2.

Economy

Butuan is the commercial, industrial, and administrative center of the Caraga region. It is a strategic trading hub in Northern Mindanao with major roads connecting it to other main cities on the island such as Davao, Cagayan de Oro, Malaybalay, Surigao, and soon, Tandag. It hosts one of the busiest airports in the country, the Bancasi Airport, serving around 525,000 passengers in 2012. Cebu Pacific and Philippine Airlines serve the airport. Meanwhile, the nearby Nasipit International Port and in-city Masao Port provide for its shipping and cargo needs.

The total number of businesses registered in 2013 was 9,619—reflecting a growth of 9.86% and almost 3 times that of the next major Caraga city. New businesses registered numbered 2,032 with a combined capitalization of P504,598,667, an expansion of 75.63% from 2012.

As further proof of its dynamic economy, Butuan's local income reached P330,510,000 in 2013 besting other major cities in the country. By 2014, its local income is expected to reach P513,870,000.00 or register a growth of 55%; and total income (including IRA) will be P1,515,970,000. The city was ranked 4th and 16th Most Competitive City for the years 2012 and 2014 by the National Competitiveness Council of the Philippines.

More than 260 financial institutions are operating in the city such as Metrobank, Banco de Oro, Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI), Land Bank of the Philippines (Landbank, formerly UCPB since 2022), Philippine National Bank (PNB), Chinabank, EastWest Bank, Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation (RCBC), UnionBank, Security Bank and Maybank. Rural banks are also expanding aggressively. Based on a report from PDIC (as of December 2013), total savings deposit in Butuan amounted to P18,944,854,000, comprising 45% of the total deposits in Caraga Region. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) opened its regional office here to take advantage of the vibrant gold trading industry in the region. Insurance companies, led by Philam Life, are also present in the city.

The city's major agricultural produce are rice, bananas, coconuts, poultry, shrimp, and milkfish. Its key industries include rice milling, food processing, wood processing, furniture, fuel distribution, shipbuilding, and construction. The manufacturing sector will soon get a boost as an industrial park is currently being developed. Butuan has also proven to be a haven for renewable energy with investments in solar and hydroelectric power generation pouring in the city.

Smart Communications, Globe Telecom, PLDT and Bayantel serve the telecommunications needs of the city.

Festivities and annual celebrations

 * Kahimunan Festival: The Kahimunan Festival is celebrated every third Sunday of January in celebration of the city patron Sr. Santo Niño. This celebration is a Butuanon version of Sinulog of Cebu City. Kahimunan is a Lumad term which means "gathering".

 * Balangay/Balanghai Festival: Butuan celebrates its annual fiesta, the Balangay Festival, for the celebration of the city patron Saint Joseph every whole month of May, with the exact feast day of St. Joseph on May 19. The city holds many events such as summer league basketball championship games, thanksgiving mass, and more.

 * Butwaan Festival: The newest festival is a feast day celebration of St. Joseph, patron of Butuan, which is held every May 19. This was created last 2013 as replacement to Balangay Festival during the specific date. Both festivals will still celebrates the feast of St. Joseph with Butwaan focus on the Church activities while Balangay will focus on the city government activities.

 * Cultural Festivals: The Cultural festival/tourism consciousness is a week-long celebration that lasts from the last week of July up to August 2 in celebration of the Charter Day of Butuan.
 * Abayan Festival: The Abayan Festival, a part of the Cultural Festival, is held in celebration of St. Anne, patroness of Agusan River, which is celebrated every last Sunday of July.
 * Palagsing Festival: "Palagsing" is a local delicacy popularly made in Banza, one of the old poblacion of Butuan. The popularity of making Palagsing in Banza is attributed to the abundance of Lumbiya (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) where Unaw or lumbiya starch is harvested from the palm tree. Another popular ingredient is young coconut meat. The mixture of unaw, young coconut and brown sugar make palagsing moist and chewy. They are delicately wrapped by banana leaves and are boiled for 30 minutes to create the soft consistency of palagsing. The Palagsing Festival usually held on Adlaw Hong Butuan Celebration every 2nd day of August.
 * Adlaw Hong Butuan: Adlaw Hong Butuan is the charter day celebration of Butuan, which includes a thanksgiving mass, motorcade, palagsing festival, street party recognitions of outstanding Butuanons and City Government Employees' Night.
 * Unaw Festival: Unaw Festival is a celebration of the abundance of Lumbia starch or Unaw from the Lumbia tree that has been used as a source of food during World War II and it was usually found in Brgy. Baan km 3 and its neighbouring barangays. The Unaw Festival usually held every 27th day of June joining the fiesta celebration of Mother of Perpetual Help in Baan km 3.
 * Nilubid Festival and other festivals: The Nilubid Festival is a celebration of the Filipino Rural Culture and heritage. The term "nilubid" is coined from a local delicacy, twisted hard fried flour, which is famous among people of the city and neighboring towns and provinces. The festival highlights the Filipino Folk Dance competition that is dedicated to the miraculous image of the Virgin Mary, Nuestra Señora Sagrada Corazon de Hesus (Our Lady of the Sacred Heart of Jesus). The Nilubid Festival is held every last week of May in Barangay Golden Ribbon, culminating the end of the annual Flores de Mayo.

Tourism

 * Natural landmarks:
 * Agusan River: The Agusan River is the widest and most navigable river in Mindanao. Natives who live on the banks of this river pay tribute to their patroness, Senora Santa Ana (Saint Anne) every last Sunday of July in the Abayan festival.
 * Mount Mayapay: Looming southwest of the Agusan Valley is this majestic mountain plateau. It rises to 2,214 feet (675 m) above sea level. Mount Mayapay got its name from the ancient Madjapahit Empire. The history behind the Srivijaya period bears much meaning and influence of Butuan's pre-historic and archaeological discoveries.

 * Man-made landmarks:
 * Ramon Magsaysay Bridge: The old Magsaysay Bridge in Butuan, an arched-type steel bridge built during the early sixties spans the mighty Agusan River. For years this bridge serve as a lone vital conduit of the city to the rest of Mindanao island until its new more modern pair came at the city's southern side. The bridge links the main urban center to eastern suburbs of Baan and Ampayon.
 * Balangay Boats: The Balangays (or Balanghai) are ancient boats that were found in Butuan. They were excavated in the Balangay Shrine, across the Masao River from Bood Promontory. They played a major role in Butuan because Butuan was, and still is, a port city. Since its discovery, the Balangays have become an icon of Butuan. The Kaya ng Pinoy, Inc. recreated the Balangay boats and have sailed it as part of their project, the Balangay Voyage. So far they have only sailed around Southeast Asia. They are planning to sail around the world.
 * Balangay Shrine Museum: The Balangay Shrine Museum, located in Barangay Libertad, lays the graveyard of the Balangay 1 dated 320 A.D. or 1688 years old. The Balangay shrine museum is located at Balanghai, Libertad, Butuan. This wooden plank-build and edge-pegged boats measured an average of 15 meters in length and 3 meters wide across the beam. To date, 9 Balangays have already been discovered in Ambangan, Libertad. Three have been excavated and others are still in Site.
 * National Museum (Butuan branch): This museum is the repository of historical and cultural materials and artifacts that proves Butuan's prehistoric existence and rich cultural heritage. There are two exhibit galleries. The Archaeological Hall and Ethnological Hall specimens of stone crafts, metal crafts, woodcrafts, potteries, goldsmith, burial coffins, and other archaeological diggings are exhibited. At the Ethnological Hall are exhibits of contemporary cultural materials the Butuanon or every Filipino for matter used for a living.
 * Guingona Park: Guingona Park is the native name for that park. Changes of government, however, resulted in a change of name to Rizal Park. It was contended that Rizal went there and that they named the park after him. Recently, the government of Butuan headed by Mayor Amante reconstructed the park and put the name back to Guingona, as it was he who donated the said park some decades past.
 * Delta Discovery Park: Delta Discovery Park is a newly opened zip-line in Butuan. Delta Discovery Park is at Barangay Bonbon, Butuan. A hidden paradise in the heart of the city, it is also known as the longest zip-line in Mindanao and in Asia with a length of 1.3 kilometers.
 * Bood Promontory Eco Park: This historic hill is believed to have been the site where Magellan and his men celebrated the first Catholic Mass on Philippine soil and erected a cross when he landed in Mazaua on March 31, 1521. The highest elevation nearest the seaside village of present-day Masao, Bood is a wooded area at a bend in the Masao River (El Rio de Butuan), overlooking Butuan Bay and ancient Butuan as well as the serpentine Masao River. Today, the indigenous Hadlayati tree abound, lording over a clonal nursery and tree park, amidst fishponds and archaeological treasures. According to the chronicles of Spanish historian Pigafetta, the event took place in the afternoon of March 31, 1521, after the Easter Mass was celebrated in the morning of the same date. Two Butuanon brother kings attended these Easter ceremonies. Pigafetta also noted the surrounding fields and balanghai boats on the bay that could be seen from the hill. The eco-park was established to provide the people of Butuan and its visitors a place to rekindle the past amidst a relaxing natural setting.

Government

The local government of Butuan is headed by an elected Mayor and is considered to be the local chief executive of the city. He exercises the general supervision and control over all programs, projects, services, and activities of the city government. He is then accompanied by the law making body of the city which is called, The Sangguniang Panlungsod headed by the elected Vice Mayor as the presiding officer, together with ten elected Sangguniang Panlungsod Members and the President of the Liga ng mga Barangay as an ex-officio member.

City officials

 * Elected officials 2022-2025:

 * Executive
 * Mayor: Engr. Ronnie Vicente C. Lagnada
 * Vice Mayor: Lawrence Lemuel H. Fortun— Presiding Officer

 * Legislative
 * 16th Sangguniang Panlungsod Members: (As per Election Ranking)
 * Joseph Omar O. Andaya
 * Cromwell P. Nortega
 * Reynante B. Desiata
 * John Gil Unay, Sr.
 * Cherry May Busa
 * Ehrnest John C. Sanchez
 * Vincent Rizal C. Rosario
 * Victor Vicente G. Plaza
 * Eduardo S. Gonzalez
 * Arturo P. Gado
 * Gemma P. Tabada (ABC Liga ng mga Barangay President)
 * Cynth Zephanee N. Nietes (SK Federation President)

Barangay Council
Association of Barangay Captains (Liga ng mga Barangay)
 * President: Gemma Plaza Tabada (Barangay Baan Km. 3)

Sangguniang Kabataan Federation
 * President: Cynth Zephanee N. Nietes (Libertad)

Barangays and districts
Butuan is politically subdivided into 86 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.

These barangays are further grouped into 13 districts. Also, barangays 1 thru 26 form the Poblacion (city proper) of Butuan.

Air
The Butuan National Airport, called Bancasi Airport, serves the general area of Butuan, located in the province of Agusan del Norte in the Philippines. It is the only airport in the province and largest in the Caraga region. The airport is classified as a trunkline airport, or a major commercial airport, by the Air Transportation Office, a body of the Department of Transportation and Communications that is responsible for the operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines except the major international airports. It also serves more than 400,000 travelers yearly that includes 250,000 local and foreign tourists. Butuan National Airport can also accommodate 5 to 10 flights a day including large number of aircraft via Cebu Pacific and Philippine Airlines operated by PAL Express.

Sea
As a regional commercial and economic hub, the Port of Masao is Butuan's seaport. It was built to avoid having the city depend on the port of Nasipit, Agusan del Norte. The said port will be having more expansion and development to become a seaport with international standards in the region and in Mindanao.

Land
The main modes of transportation within the city proper are tricycles with 3 distinctive colours. The first and main tricycle is the "orange" tricycle in which it delivers passengers in the majority of butuan. The second is the "red" tricycle where it delivers passengers in the north, northeast and northwest of butuan. The third is the "yellow" tricycle where it delivers passengers in the south, southwest and some parts in the southeast and its also the variant with the least amount of tricycles. Depending on the tricycle, it can accommodate up to 6 or 7 passengers. Another mode of transportation is the small-type jeepneys or multicab vehicles with a seating capacity of at least 15 passengers via fixed routes going to big barangays such as Bancasi, Libertad, Ampayon, Los Angeles and De Oro. Jeepneys, Vans and Buses is also available in Jeepney Terminal, New Integrated Van Terminal and City Integrated Bus Terminal respectively located in Langihan Public Area including the state-of-the-art Transport Terminal at the back of the expansion wing of Robinsons Place Butuan (opened August 2, 2017). They also follow fixed routes to outlying barangays, neighboring towns, municipals, cities and provinces. Long-distance routes also include cities of Manila, Ormoc, Legazpi, Tacloban, Calbayog, Surigao, Tandag, Bislig (Mangagoy), Davao City, Tagum, Cagayan de Oro, Carmen, Balingoan, Gingoog and Malaybalay. The city also has Metered Taxis.

 * Mayor Democrito O. Plaza II Avenue Circumferential Road and Diosdado Macapagal Bridge: The circumferential is a 14 km diversion road from Barangay Bancasi to the southern part of the city proper crossing over the PP2.1 Billion Diosdado Macapagal Bridge to the main highway in Baan Km.3 and in Barangay Antongalon. The Diosdado Macapagal Bridge is the longest bridge in Mindanao, which is 300 m upstream of the old Magsaysay Bridge and provides an alternate route across the Agusan River to connect the Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway (Surigao-Agusan-Davao road) and the Butuan-Cagayan-Iligan road. The bridge is popular as the only cable stayed bridge with steel deck and single tower in Mindanao, and it has a total length of about 806 m.

 * It was during the presidency of Joseph Estrada that the project was approved which was lobbied by the city government way back President Fidel Ramos' time to decongest the traffic of the more than 50-year-old Magsaysay Bridge and create an alternate route. However, it was President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo who approved and implemented the project. The bridge was funded through a Special Yen Loan Package from Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC). The project was started on May 6, 2004 and completed in May 2007.

Accredited Transport Cooperatives as of January 2021:
 * New Circumferential Road and Four New Bridges (Proposed): The new circumferential road consists of 20 km 2-lane road and four new bridges that connects Barangay Sumilihon to Brgy Banza which crosses 2 small rivers (Taguibo and Banza) before crossing to the Third Bridge in Agusan River and connects to Barangay Pagatpatan to Barangay Lumbocan then crosses again in Masao River to reach Barangay Masao and Barangay Pinamanculan before connecting to the National Highway in Barangay Bancasi. The proposed circumferential road will be worth closed to PP2.9 Billion.
 * Butuan-Malaybalay Road: The secondary road, known as the Butuan-Malaybalay Road, is scheduled to complete in the future connecting Butuan to Malaybalay via Esperanza, Agusan del Sur.
 * Masao-Buenavista-Nasipit Coastal Road: The new coastal road (Masao-Buenavista-Nasipit) is scheduled to complete since it started construction in early 2015 until its completion by late 2023 consisting of concrete road. It connects Brgy. Masao to the municipality of Nasipit, Agusan del Norte.

 * Agusan Norte Transport Service Cooperative (ANTSCO)
 * Balangay Transport Service Cooperative (BALTRANSCO)
 * Butuan Multicab Operators Transport Service Cooperative
 * Cabadbaran Butuan Transport Service Cooperative (CBTRANSCO)
 * Caraga Butuan Transport Service Cooperative
 * Caraga Transport Service Cooperative
 * Diamond Transport Service Cooperative (DATSCO)
 * Karagans Transport Service Cooperative

Sports
With new developments surrounding the old unfinished sports complex facility, the City Government has transferred the sports complex from the 8 hectare complex in Barangay Libertad to the 38 hectare complex in Barangay Tiniwisan/Ampayon. The said complex is worth P250 Million for Phase I will be one of the biggest international standard complex in the Philippines. Phase I consists of a 3,672 seater football main bleacher, a 4,000 seater basketball gymnasium, grass football field, and a rubberized track oval. The Phase I of the Polysports Complex was officially opened in 2015. Phase II will consist of a 2nd main bleacher, an Olympic-size swimming pool, and a baseball/softball field with bleachers, but it was unfinished and under investigated by COA. The said Butuan City Convention Center will be constructed starting on March 24, 2020, and located at the old unfinished sports complex in Libertad, although it remained unfinished for its completion by the next decade.

Education
Being the regional center of Caraga, Butuan is also the region's center of education. There are two universities in the city. The first, Father Saturnino Urios University, a privately run school founded by Rev. Fr. Urios, S.J. in 1901. The second, the Caraga State University— Main Campus, formerly known as the Northern Mindanao State Institute of Science and Technology, is a state-run school founded in 1918. They are among the top two performing universities in the region.

Butuan is known for its education competence. Proof of these are in awards earned. Teachers and school staff of the Butuan Central Elementary School, Butuan City SPED Center and Agusan National High School have large-scale exposure to specialization techniques, as well as seminars and workshops to complement, with partnerships like Philippine-Australia Project on Basic Education (PROBE).

National high schools include the Agusan NHS, Tungao NHS, San Vicente NHS, Libertad NHS and Ampayon ISS (Integrated Secondary School). The city is also home of the Butuan City School of Arts and Trades (BCSAT), a specialization school in the fields of arts and in vocational courses.

As an education hub, Butuan has colleges with a variety of courses. Examples are the Agusan Colleges, Inc., ACLC College of Butuan, Butuan Doctors College, Saint Joseph Institute of Technology, Agusan Business and Arts Foundation, Agusan Institute of Technology, Asian College Foundation, Balite Institute of Technology—Butuan, Butuan City Colleges, Corjesu Computer College, Elisa R. Ochoa Memorial Northern Mindanao School of Midwifery, Father Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon, Inc., Holy Child Colleges of Butuan City, Philippine Electronics and Communication Institute of Technology, Saint Peter College Seminary, and the Sunrise Christian College Foundation of the Philippines.

Big private universities like the Ateneo, De La Salle Philippines and Iglesia ni Cristo-owned New Era University (NEU) had also expressed to put up local branches.

Other schools include Timber City Academy (Butuan Chinese School), Enfant Cheri Study Centre, Rainbow of Angels Learning Center, Solid Rock Shilo Mission Academy, Ampayon Central Elementary School, Angelicum Montessori School, Butuan Grace Christian School, Butuan Christian Community School, Florencio R. Sibayan Central Elementary School, Libertad Central Elementary School, Obrero Elementary School, and the Ong Yiu Central Elementary School.

Notable personalities

 * Allan Amoguis: Italian Catholic bishop, prelate of the Christian Patriarchate of East Asia (born 1973)
 * Susan Fuentes: The Queen of Visayan Songs (1954–2013). She popularized the songs like Matud Nila, Usahay, Miss Kita Kung Christmas and Rosas Pandan.
 * Laurice Guillen: Award-winning film director and actress, also the wife of the actor Johnny Delgado (deceased).
 * Edelmiro A. Amante, Sr.: Former Executive Secretary of Pres. Fidel V. Ramos. Former Representative of Second District and Governor of Agusan del Norte.
 * Ardy Larong: Small forward/shooting guard of Alaska Aces in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).
 * Marky Cielo: Actor of GMA Network. He died so young at the age of 20 on December 7, 2008, in Antipolo, Rizal. The cause of his death is still unknown.
 * Stephany Stefanowitz: She represented Butuan in the Miss Philippines Earth 2010. In 2012, she joined Miss Philippines Earth and won the title as Miss Philippines Earth 2012 but she represented Quezon City. She grabbed the title as 1st runner-up in the Miss Earth 2012 pageant held in the country. Her mother is from Barangay Ampayon, Butuan and her father is from Hamburg, Germany.
 * General Hernando DCA Iriberri: The former Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines from 2015 to 2016. He is not from Butuan but an alumnus of Fr. Saturnino Urios University High School department.
 * Jason James Dy: The grand champion of the Voice of the Philippines Season 2.
 * Roy Señeres: Presidential candidate of 2016 National and Local elections. He was the representative of the OFW Club Partylist from 2013 to 2016. He was also the ambassador to the United Arab Emirates during Fidel Ramos administration.
 * Lance Busa: The grand winner of the first edition of Michael Bolton's singing competition "Bolt of Talent".
 * Elaine Colima Duran: The grand winner of the third season of Tawag ng Tanghalan.
 * Police General Debold Menorias Sinas: The 23rd Chief of the Philippine National Police and Undersecretary of the Office of the President of the Philippines.

Local Sisterhood Pact

 * Baguio (since May 16, 2011, via SP Res. No. 403-2011)
 * Cebu City (since June 27, 2011, via SP Res. No. 493-2011) and Lapu-Lapu (since June 27, 2011, via SP Res. No. 493-A-2011)
 * Iligan (since August 8, 2011, via SP Res. No. 538-2011)
 * Malaybalay
 * Pagadian
 * Bayugan
 * Makati (since June 13, 2011, via SP Res. No. 419-2011)
 * Maragusan (since July 18, 2011, via SP Res. No. 527-2011)
 * Dumaguete (since September 2, 2013, via SP Res. No. ___-2013)

title: Butuan


text:
San Jose, Batangas

San Jose, officially the Municipality of San Jose, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 79,868 people.

The municipality is bounded in the north and north-east by Lipa, east by Ibaan, south by Batangas City and San Pascual, and west by Cuenca and Alitagtag.

Etymology
The name of San Jose originates from its previous name as a barrio: San José de Malaquing Tubig or San José de Malaking Tubig. The first part of the name comes from Spanish for its patron saint, Saint Joseph, and Fr. Jose Victoria, the parish priest of Bauan Church, under which the town once fell. The second part, Malaquing Tubig or Malaking Tubig, translates to "big river" or literally "big water" in Tagalog, referring to body of water that cuts through the area.

History
The Aetas were the first inhabitants of the place. They started clearing some portions of the wilderness especially in areas near the riverbanks. Several groups of settlers then drove this Aetas to the hinterlands and permanently occupied the place. They named it “Malaquing Tubig” which literally translates to "big river" referring to body of water that cuts through the central portion of their early settlement.

The Spaniards then colonized the Philippines in 1565. Bauan was established in 1596 as an ecclesiastical unit administered by the order of Saint Agustin with Malaquing Tubig as one of the barrios under its jurisdiction.

Human population of Malaquing Tubig started to grow and in 1754, Taal Volcano erupted destroying the original Bauan. And before its actual site could have been selected, Malaking Tubig was separated from Bauan. The recognized leaders of Malaquing Tubig then petitioned to the Spanish authorities for the creation of that place as a pueblo which was granted to them on April 26, 1765.

On April 26, 1765, the barrio or sitio was renamed as San José de Malaquing Tubig by Fr. Jose Victoria, the parish priest of Bauan Church who presided a Mass there. This date is also noted as the day the residents petitioned to separate from Bauan and become an independent parish and town.

On December 11, 1766, the barrio was separated from Bauan and became a town named San Jose. Ignacio de los Santos was named as its first governadorcillo circa 1767. In the new town's establishment, it originally included the land that now makes up Cuenca, which was separated to become an independent municipality in 1876 or 1877.

Geography
San Jose is located at °N, °W.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 53.29 km2 constituting NaN% of the 3,119.75 km2 total area of Batangas.

San Jose is 15 km from Batangas City and 90 km from Manila.

Barangays
San Jose is politically subdivided into 33 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, San Jose had a population of 79,868. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Economy
San Jose is well known for growing good varieties of coffee, lanzones, and black pepper. It is where a great number of poultry and piggery animals are grown and sold, especially to Metro Manila, where it supplies a significant percentage of poultry products. Most of the San Jose workforce is either directly or indirectly involved in farming. There are also numerous feedmill corporations within its jurisdiction which include WhiteGold, Everlast, Busilac, Wincom, New Golden Mix.

List of former Municipal Executives

Although currently called "Mayor", the Municipal Executive of San Jose has held other names including Gobernadorcillo which means "Governor" during the Spanish Period.

• Ignacio de los Santos (1767)

• Juan Bautista (1768)

• Juan Enrico (1769)

• Juan Masilang (1770)

• Jose Antonio (1771)

• Luis Isidro (1772 )

• Jose de la Cruz (1773)

• Ignacio de Mercado (1774)

• Domingo de los Santos (1775)

• Juan Magonza (1776)

• Miguel de los Santos (1777)

• Francisco Domingo (1778)

• Laureano Marquez (1779)

• Policarpio Kaponpon (1780)

• Francisco Aguila (1781)

• Antonio Robles (1782)

• Felipe Aguila (1783)

• Nicolas de los Santos (1784)

• Lorenzo Quizon (1785)

• Agustin Aguila (1786)

• Gabriel de Mercado (1787)

• Pedro Umali (1788)

• Domingo Dimaculangan (1789)

• Lucio Hernandez (1790)

• Bernardo Umali (1791)

• Ignacio de la Cruz (1792)

• Agustin de la Cruz (1793)

• Laureano Bautista (1794)

• Pascual Madlangbayan (1795)

• Martin Marquez (1796)

• Gregorio Morales (1797)

• Andres de Leon (1798)

• Diego Robles (1799)

• Hilario Mandigma (1800)

• Gregorio Leionardo (1801)

• Victoriano Isidro (1802)

• Pablo de los Santos (1803)

• Fulgencio Quizon (1804)

• Cristobal de los Santos (1805)

• Juan Tecson (1806)

• Nicolas Lopez (1807)

• Jose de la Cruz (1808)

• Mariano Tiburcio (1809)

• Jose Bautista (1810)

• Valentin Mercado (1811)

• Remigio Dimaculangan (1812)

• Tomas Quizon (1813)

• Cosme Bautista (1814)

• Santiago Castillo (1815)

• Apolinario Aguila (1816)

• Juan de la Cruz (1817)

• Patricio Virtucio (1818)

• Joaquin Enrico (1819)

• Francisco Quizon (1820)

• Juan Mercado (1821)

• Jose Marquez (1822)

• Martin de los Santos (1822)

• Manuel Mercado (1823)

• Bernabe Virtucio (1823)

• Timoteo Tiburcio (1824)

• Florentino Mendoza (1824)

• Juan Mendoza (1825)

• Hilario Aguila (1826)

• Lucas Hernandez (1827)

• Vicente Isidro (1828)

• Juan Quizon (1829)

• Carlos Mercado (1830)

• Esteban de la Cruz (1831)

• Bernardino Hernandez (1832)

• Geronimo Marquez (1833)

• Juan Marquez (1834)

• Hilario Aguila (1835)

• Felipe Aguila (1836)

• Agustin Quizon (1837)

• Vicente Bautista (1838)

• Romualdo de Ocampo (1839)

• Fernando de los Santos (1840)

• Jose de Villa (1841)

• Hilario Aguila (1842)

• Hilario Aguila (1843)

• Vicente Umali (1844)

• Segundo Leonardo (1845)

• Agaton Hernandez (1846)

• Pedro Quizon (1847)

• Juan Macalinga (1848)

• Julian Mitra (1849)

• Braulio de Luna (1850)

• Juan Javier (1851)

• Manuel Aguila (1852)

• Pascual Aguila (1853)

• Laureano Hernandez (1854)

• Ubaldo Hernandez (1855)

• Jose Ona y Gana (1856)

• Antonio Magpantay (1857)

• Manuel de Luna (1858)

• Francisco de Luna (1859)

• Bonifacio Robles (1860)

• Roman Ona y Ramos (1861)

• Pascual Aguila (1862)

• Nicolas de Villa (1863–64)

• Briccio Makalintal (1865–68)

• Camilio Aguila (1869–70)

• Baltazar Mercado (1871–72)

• Basilio Gozos (1873–74)

• Telesforo Hernandez (1875–76)

• Jorge Umali (1877–78)

• Simon Lopez (1879–80)

• Baltazar Mercado (1881–82)

• Andres Umali (1883–84)

• Isidro Marquez (1885–86)

• Remigio Aguila (1887–88)

• Rafael de Luna (1889)

• Ventura Aguila (1890–91)

• Salvador Aguila (1892–94)

• Juan Oblea (1895–1896)

• Ambrosio Makalintal (1897–98)

• Rafael de Luna (1899)

• Fernando Aguila (1900)

• Ambrosio Makalintal 1901-2

• Agaton Marquez (1903)

• Fernando Aguila (1904–5)

• Roman Kalalo (1906–7)

• Fernando Aguila (1908–9)

• Mariano de Villa (1910–11)

• Fernando Aguila (1912–14)

• Manuel Makalintal (1915)

• Fernando Aguila (1916)

• Paterno Aguila (1917–18)

• Vitaliano Luna (1919–21)

• Manuel Makalintal (1922–24)

• Daniel Luna (1925–27)

• Jose de Villa (1928–30)

• Fernando Aguila (1931–37)

• Vitaliano Luna (1938–40)

• Fernando Aguila (1941)

• Roman Kalalo (1942)

• Venancio Q. Remo (1943-45)

• Timoteo Alday (1946–47)

• Bonifacio Masilungan (1948–58)

• Primo Vergara (1959)

• Miguel Ambal Sr. (1960–63)

• Leonardo Ona Sr. (1964–67)

• Miguel Ambal Sr. (1968–72)

• Vicente Briones Kalalo (1972–1986)

• Edgardo Umali (1986–1987)

• Antonio Alday (1988–1992)

• Edgardo Umali (1992–2001)

• Ruben Guce (2001–2010)

• Entiquio Briones (2010–2016)

• Valentino Patron (2016–present)

Tourism

The Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Joseph the Patriarch located in the town proper is a popular Catholic pilgrimage site. It was once built with cogon and bamboo by Augustinian friars around 1788. The present structure was built on 1812 under the supervision of a botanist Fr. Manuel Blanco. It has single-aisled interior which offers an unobstructed view of the large main altar. The altar is massive, with six rounded columns encircling the image of Saint Joseph. Outside a multi-tiered belfry stands which was built in the latter part of the 19th century; a bridge offers passage to the church over the Malaquing Tubig River.

San Jose is also home to the Oblates of Saint Joseph Mission and its Minor Seminary, founded by the Saint Joseph Marello. The Oblates were the first Italian congregation to send missionaries to the Philippines. San Jose became their first foreign mission, and is the center of the Vicariate X of the Archdiocese of Lipa.

San Jose celebrates Sinuam Festival every April 25 to commemorate its founding anniversary and to thank its patron for the good performance of the main business in the town which is Poultry.

Notable personalities

 * Querube C. Makalintal – Chief Justice of The Supreme Court (1973–1976), Speaker of the Batasang Pambansa (1978–1984) and Solicitor General (1954).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: San Jose, Batangas


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Bruno Simma

Bruno Simma (born March 29, 1941, in Quierschied, Germany) is a German jurist who served as a judge on the International Court of Justice (ICJ) from 2003 until 2012.

He served as an affiliated overseas faculty member of the University of Michigan Law School, teaching classes in Ann Arbor until 2021, and as one of the three third-country arbitrators on the Iran–United States Claims Tribunal, to which he was appointed in 2013.

Positions as a judge, arbitrator, and member of UN expert bodies
Simma served as a Judge on the ICJ from February 6, 2003, until his term expired on February 5, 2012; he was not a candidate for re-election in the 2011 election. From 1997 to 2003, Simma served as a member of the UN International Law Commission. From 1987 to 1996, he served as a member of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

Simma has acted as an arbitrator in numerous inter-state, foreign investment, international commercial, and sports law cases. Among them, he served on the NAFTA Chapter 11 investor-state dispute panel in the Clayton/Bilcon case, in which a U.S. investor sought damages under NAFTA Chapter 11 after Canada and Nova Scotia rejected the investor's project to mine basalt and build a marine terminal on the Digby peninsula in Nova Scotia based on an environmental impact assessment conducted under federal and provincial law. Simma was part of the controversial majority decision that found the Government of Canada liable to the investor. The dissenting panel member warned that in key respects "the decision of the majority will be seen as a remarkable step backwards in environmental protection."

Academic career and honors
From 1995 to 1997, Simma served as dean of the University of Munich Faculty of Law. Prior to returning to his native Germany, he served as a lecturer at The Hague Academy of International Law in the Netherlands, where he also served as director of studies in 1976 and 1982, and as visiting professor at the University of Michigan Law School during 1995. From 1987 to 1992, he served as a Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School, and as a visiting professor in 1986. From 1984 to 1985, he served as a visiting professor at the University of Siena in Italy. He served as a lecturer for International Law for the German Federal Foreign Ministry's Training Centre for Junior Diplomats. He is a member of the advisory board of the Goettingen Journal of International Law.

Among his approximately 120 publications, Simma is widely known as the editor of the authoritative The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary (Oxford U. Press, 1994, 2nd and 3rd editions published in 2002 and 2012), over 2600 pages in its 3rd edition. Simma's treatise is considered "the primary English reference book" on the UN Charter, in particular for international law questions.

Simma has received honorary degrees from the Universities of Macerata, Glasgow and Innsbruck.

Notable ICJ decisions

 * Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy)

Other activities

 * Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Member of the Board of Trustees

title: Bruno Simma


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Wikipedia:WikiProject Film/Templates

For a more complete listing, see the Category:Film director navigational boxes.

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Film/Templates


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was

Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others
This page is a duplicate of Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others. I created this page, now propose for deletion, in error. This is a case for quick deletion. Zingi 07:15, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * No need to vfd this, I've made it a redirect. --nixie 07:17, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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The Loved Ones (Australian band)

The Loved Ones were an Australian rock band formed in 1965 in Melbourne following the British Invasion. The line-up of Gavin Anderson on drums, Ian Clyne on organ and piano, Gerry Humphrys on vocals and harmonica, Rob Lovett on guitar and Kim Lynch on bass guitar recorded their early hits. Their signature song, "The Loved One", reached number two on Australian singles charts and was later covered by INXS. In 2001 it was selected as number six on the Australasian Performing Right Association's (APRA) list of Top 30 Australian songs of all time. Their debut album, The Loved Ones' Magic Box, was released late in 1967 and included their other hit singles, "Ever Lovin' Man" and "Sad Dark Eyes". They disbanded in October 1967 and, although the band's main career lasted only two years, they are regarded as one of the most significant Australian bands of the 1960s. They reformed for a short tour in 1987 which provided the album Live on Blueberry Hill. Humphrys lived in London from the mid-1970s until his death on 4 December 2005. On 27 October 2010, the Loved Ones were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame.

1965–1966: Formation and debut EP
The Loved Ones were formed in Melbourne in October 1965 by Gerry Humphrys (originally from London) on vocals and harmonica, Kim Lynch on bass guitar and Ian Clyne on organ and piano. They were all former members of a trad jazz group, the Red Onion Jazz Band, in which Humphrys played clarinet and sang and Lynch played tuba. Red Onions Jazz Band was released as an eponymous album in 1964 on W&G Records blue label. Following the British Invasion, led by the Beatles' tour of Australia in mid-1964, the band split as the three members wanted to switch to R&B and felt they had drifted towards more mainstream 1940s jazz. The Loved Ones were named after Evelyn Waugh's short and darkly satirical novel The Loved One. To round out the line-up, Humphrys, Lynch and Clyne recruited former Wild Cherries guitarist Rob Lovett. Their first drummer, Terry Nott, was soon followed by Gavin Anderson.

The Loved Ones became renowned as an exciting, if erratic, live act in a Rolling Stones/Animals mould and rose to prominence in the local club and dance scene. The group's visual impact was heightened by their striking mod stage attire and the band had a strong focal point thanks to the charismatic stage presence, saturnine good looks and growling blues-influenced baritone voice of Humphrys, who is widely acknowledged as one of Australia's finest male pop-rock vocalists. The Loved Ones were also one of the first Australian pop bands to use the electric piano (a Hohner pianet) as part of their regular stage set-up and their distinctive keyboard-based sound set them apart from most of their contemporaries.

Early in 1966, they signed to the In Records label, a subsidiary of W&G Records. Their debut single was "The Loved One", which reached number nine on the singles charts in May. The song was written by Clyne, Humphrys and Lovett. It has a complex double rhythm, which is joined by hand clapping, and Humphrys' bluesy and soaring vocals. According to Lovett, the inspiration for the hand claps came from Clyne, who went to a nightclub to talk to another musician: "Yeah, the organist said he liked it but he thought we should put some hand-claps in so the audience didn't get lost. In those days most people were brought up with 'easy listenin' music – C&W, very straightforward. In the end, the hand-claps were more dominant than the 2-beat pattern so the whole thing sounded a bit like a crazy waltz. As it turned out the organist was absolutely right. It would never have made it without his suggestion and the way he played. He really gave it some atmosphere and suspenseful excitement – building up on the first chord sequence till it burst out into the second and Gerry screamed out his, 'Yonder she's walking'." The director, Peter Lamb, filmed the group performing it for a documentary on mid-1960s Melbourne, Approximately Panther (1966), with Go-Set writer Doug Panther interviewing other local acts including Lynne Randell and Bobby & Laurie. The song was an Australian Top 20 hit again in 1981 when covered by INXS.

The Loved Ones' released their second single, "Ever Lovin' Man", in July 1966, which peaked at number seven on the Go-Set National Top 40 singles chart in October while "The Loved One" was still in the Top 20. To promote their singles, the group appeared on ATV-0 popular music series The Go!! Show on 24 October to perform "The Loved One", "Ever Lovin' Man" and "More Than Love".

A cover of Fats Domino's version of "Blueberry Hill" was released in December 1966, which reached number 11 on the Go-Set singles chart. A self-titled EP was released After some personal crises, Clyne left and moved to Sydney; he was replaced by Treva Richards (ex Delta Set) on piano and organ in September. "We had a falling out between Ian and the rest of us. Nothing really that Ian did, except he did get sick of being the only one to do any of the promotional or organising work. We were all kids, and if anyone would do it, the rest stood back. As a result, Ian was cast into the position of being the nagging parent, and became more in tune with our manager than the rest of us. Without going through the details, it came messily down to his being fired."

- Rob Lovett After leaving the Loved Ones, Clyne played in the Black Pearls, the Ram Jam Big Band, Excalibur, Levi Smith's Clefs and Chain; he was in Aunty Jack's backing group, the Gong, in the mid-1970s.

1967: The Loved Ones' Magic Box and split
In February 1967, The Loved Ones released "Sad Dark Eyes", which peaked in the Top 20. This was the first single with Richards' input. "A Love Like Ours" was released in April and also reached the Top 20. Each captured an emotional intensity and musical inventiveness which marked them out from their peers. On 23 April, they performed at Festival Hall, Melbourne and recorded live versions of "Ever Lovin' Man", "Sad Dark Eyes" and "The Loved One". They supported the national tour by Eric Burdon and the Animals and Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich in April. In May, Lynch left and they added a new lead guitarist, Danny De Lacy (from Los Angeles), with Lovett moving to bass guitar.

In August 1967, "Love Song", was released but did not chart. They released their debut album, The Loved Ones' Magic Box, in October 1967. The Loved Ones split in late October, two years after they formed. "The split was a non-event. We had been in Perth for two weeks on what felt like a very long tour. A miserable tour by the end. It started off so well. We were mobbed at the airport and smuggled off in the caterer's van. We had people who spotted us and chased the cars that whisked us off, waving their autograph books in vain. We did TV, we did radio, we did concerts, we did a trip round Albany, Kalgoorlie and other places on the way – one-nighters – but the record company, W&G, hadn't thought to put any records in the shops. Anyway, at the end of the tour the promoters disappeared. I can't remember if we even had our tickets home. We got back to Melbourne broke and completely dispirited. People tell me our last gig was at Opus (Ormond Hall in Prahran) but I have to say I haven't any recollection of it."

- Rob Lovett

The Loved Ones' Magic Box is considered a classic recording which enjoys cult status and has reportedly never been out-of-print since it was released.

1968–1986: After disbandment
Humphrys initially managed rock'n'rollers the Valentines (with vocalists Bon Scott and Vince Lovegrove). He formed Gerry and The Joy Band in 1971, a floating aggregation that, at times, included members of Daddy Cool and the Aztecs. At that time he moved to the suburban fringes of Sandringham and hosted many functions at his Spring Street residence. He went on to bigger things by hosting the inaugural Sunbury Pop Festival in 1972. In 1973 he returned to London in an unsuccessful attempt to save his failing marriage, giving up his music career to become a psychiatric nurse.

Lovett formed a vocal trio, the Virgil Brothers, with Peter Doyle and Malcolm McGee (Wild Cherries, Python Lee Jackson) in 1968. The Virgil Brothers were managed by Lovett's wife, journalist Lily Brett, and released a number of singles and toured the UK before splitting up in 1970. In the early '70s Lovett's songs were recorded by Peter Doyle in The New Seekers. In the early 1990s Lovett joined The Fudds, alongside Chris Dyson, Stewart MacFarlane, Vic Mavridis and Peter Robertson. They released several albums over the following seven years.

Anderson also moved into management, looking after The Party Machine until they split in 1969; he relocated to London and then New York. In 1981 he formed a PR company, Gavin Anderson & Company, which became a large and successful strategic communications business with headquarters in New York and offices throughout the world. Nott joined the psychedelic band, Grunewald Burlesque, and later became an architect in Melbourne. After Lynch left the band he turned to painting. Richards married and moved to Adelaide to raise a family. He lived for a number of years in the former Barr-Smith "Auchendarroch" property in the Adelaide Hills.

1987: Reformation and Live on Blueberry Hill
Following a resurgence of interest in the Loved Ones, prompted in part by the INXS cover of "The Loved One", the band reformed for a live tour in September 1987. The line-up of Clyne, Humphrys, Lovett and Lynch was augmented by Melbourne drummer Peter Luscombe sitting in for Anderson. The album Live on Blueberry Hill followed on Mushroom Records.

1999–present: Current activities and ARIA Hall of Fame
In 1999, author Richard Miles wrote More Than a Loved One: The Musical Career of Gerry Humphrys. In 2000, filmmaker Nigel Buesst directed the documentary, Gerry Humphrys – the Loved One. The film includes interviews with band mates, performance footage and Buesst's efforts to track down and interview Humphrys at his suburban home in south London.

An Australian Broadcasting Corporation TV series, Long Way to the Top, was broadcast in August 2001. The Loved Ones featured in "Episode 2: Ten Pound Rocker 1963–1968" where they are described as having "quirky rhythms and charismatic lead singer Gerry Humphries [sic], the Loved Ones soon gained a serious cult status". The TV series inspired the Long Way to the Top national concert tour during August–September 2002, which featured a host of the best Australian acts of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Although invited onto the tour, the band had to decline as Humphrys had to remain in the UK.

Humphrys remained in London where he died of a heart attack on 4 December 2005. He had three daughters.

In 2010, the Loved Ones were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame. On hearing of their induction the band said "We were kids who discovered we could actually write and play music we believed in ... and other kids liked it too." Attending in person were Clyne, Lynch and Richards, with Anderson (a resident of New York) and Lovett (London) unavailable. They were inducted by concert promoter, Michael Chugg, while rocker Diesel performed their signature tune, "The Loved One". In October 2010, Magic Box (1967) was listed in the book 100 Best Australian Albums.

Members

 * Gerry Humphrys (b. 19 July 1941, London – d. 4 December 2005, London) – vocals, harmonica, hand-claps (1965–1967, 1987)
 * Kim Lynch (b. 18 May 1945, Sydney) – bass guitar (1965–1967, 1987)
 * Rob Lovett (b. 11 November 1944, Melbourne) – guitar, bass guitar (1965–1967, 1987)
 * Ian Clyne – piano, organ, guitar (1965–1966, 1987)
 * Terence "Terry" Nott (b. 28 September 1945, Melbourne) – drums (1965)
 * Gavin Anderson (b. 12 September 1945, Melbourne) – drums (1965–1967)
 * Treva Richards (b. 3 December 1945, Hamilton, Victoria) – electric piano, piano, organ (1966–1967)
 * Danny De Lacy (b. 5 August 1943, Los Angeles, USA) – guitar (1967)
 * Peter Luscombe – drums (1987)

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. They commenced in 1987. The Loved Ones were inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2010.

 * 2010
 * themselves
 * ARIA Hall of Fame
 * inductee
 * inductee

Go-Set Pop Poll
The Go-Set Pop Poll was coordinated by teen-oriented pop music newspaper Go-Set and was established in February 1966 and conducted an annual poll during 1966 to 1972 of its readers to determine the most popular personalities.

 * 1966
 * themselves
 * Top Australian Group
 * 4th
 * 4th

Legacy and influence

 * In 2001 "The Loved One" was selected as number six on the Australasian Performing Right Association's list of ten best Australian songs of all time.

title: The Loved Ones (Australian band)


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Martha Mitchell

Martha Elizabeth Beall Mitchell (September 2, 1918 – May 31, 1976) was the wife of John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General under President Richard Nixon. Her public comments and interviews during the Watergate scandal were frank and revealing.

Early education and family life
Martha Elizabeth Beall Jennings Mitchell was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, on September 2, 1918, the only child of cotton broker George V. Beall and drama teacher Arie Beall Ferguson. She recalled later in life that as a child she mostly played with the children of her African-American "mammy", who lived with the Beall family, because other families lived at a distance. As a little girl she sang in a church choir, and her mother hoped she would become an opera singer.

When she graduated from Pine Bluff High School in 1937, her yearbook picture carried the quotation, "I love its gentle warble, I love its gentle flow, I love to wind my tongue up, And I love to let it go." She was dyslexic, and struggled to read aloud. She was fascinated by the arts, and dreamt of becoming an actress, attended Stephens College in Columbia, Missouri, and studied acting under Maude Adams, but her family would not allow it.

She eventually transferred to the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, joined Chi Omega and transferred the following year to the University of Miami. At the University of Miami, she dated Sonny Capone and met Al Capone, and was president of Sigma Iota Chi. She ultimately received a Bachelor of Arts in history. After graduation, she was a seventh-grade teacher for a year in Mobile, Alabama, but left teaching after she decided she "despised" it. She returned to Pine Bluff in 1945 and, after World War II, she began work as a secretary at the Pine Bluff Arsenal. She was soon transferred (along with her boss, Brigadier General Augustin Mitchell Prentiss) to Washington, D.C.

In Washington, she met Clyde Jennings, Jr., a U.S. Army officer from Lynchburg, Virginia. They married on October 5, 1946, in Pine Bluff and moved to Rye, New York. Soon after they wed, her husband was honorably discharged and became a traveling handbag salesman. With Jennings, she had a son, Clyde Jay Jennings in 1947, later a GAO investigator. Jennings spent a lot of time away from home, which (according to Mitchell) led to the couple's separation on May 18, 1956, and eventual divorce on August 1, 1957.

She once said as soon as she met John N. Mitchell that she was "impressed with his suaveness and intellect,". They married on December 30, 1957, settling in Rye, New York. Her new husband worked as a lawyer in Manhattan, earning US$250,000 a year and the couple purchased a home on the grounds of the Apawamis Club. In 1961, the Mitchells had a daughter, Marty. Though not Catholics, the Mitchells enrolled their daughter in Catholic school, which Mitchell believed had superior discipline.

Move to Washington and the Watergate scandal
John Mitchell's and Richard Nixon's professional careers converged when, on New Year's Eve 1966, their law offices combined to become Nixon Mudge Rose Guthrie Alexander and Mitchell. Although their status as friends is debated, when Nixon was elected president in 1968 he appointed John Mitchell as his Attorney General. The position necessitated that the family move to Washington, D.C., and their home in the fashionable Watergate complex was estimated at the time to be worth US$140,000.

Mitchell first came to national attention after she remarked to a television reporter that the Washington, D.C., peace demonstrations held in November 1969 reminded her husband of the Russian Revolution. The statement increased her notoriety and coverage in the media. Mitchell had the custom of having an evening drink and then calling reporters with political gossip or information she had gleaned while rifling through her husband's papers or eavesdropping on his conversations. During this time, Mitchell's renown as an outspoken socialite grew, and she made regular appearances on television talk shows and variety shows, such as Laugh-In.

By November 1970, a Gallup poll indicated that 76 percent of Americans recognized who she was, and she was featured on the cover of Time in an issue about the most influential women of Washington. Her reputation for frank and uncensored talk that was generally in support of Republican issues led to her being nicknamed "Martha the Mouth" or "The Mouth of the South".

Nixon selected John to head the Committee to Re-Elect the President (commonly abbreviated to CRP, or the pejorative "CREEP") for the 1972 campaign. During the campaign Mitchell had begun to complain to her media contacts that the campaign had engaged in "dirty tricks" to win the election. A week before the June 1972 burglary of the DNC headquarters in the Watergate office building, the Mitchells had traveled to Newport Beach, California, to attend a series of fundraising events. While there, Mitchell's husband received a phone call about the incident and immediately held a press conference denying any CRP involvement.

Encouraging her to remain in California, Mitchell's husband returned to Washington. Meanwhile, John Mitchell enlisted their security agent, former FBI agent Steve King, to prevent her from learning about the break-in or contacting reporters. Despite these efforts, the following week, Mitchell acquired a copy of the Los Angeles Times, learning that James W. McCord Jr., the security director of CRP and her daughter's bodyguard and driver, was among those arrested. This detail conflicted with the White House's official story that the break-in was unrelated to the CRP, and raised her suspicions. Mitchell unsuccessfully made attempts to contact her husband by phone, eventually telling one of his aides that her next call would be to the press.

June 1972 kidnapping, aftermath and vindication
The following Thursday, June 22, Mitchell made a late-night phone call to Helen Thomas of United Press International, reportedly Mitchell's favorite reporter. Mitchell informed Thomas of her intention to leave her husband until he resigned from CRP. The phone call, however, abruptly ended. When Thomas called back, the hotel operator told her that Mitchell was "indisposed" and would not be able to talk. Thomas then called Mitchell's husband. Seemingly unconcerned, John Mitchell told Thomas "[Martha] gets a little upset about politics, but she loves me and I love her and that's what counts."

In her subsequent report of the incident, Thomas said that it was apparent someone had taken the phone from Mitchell's hand and the woman could be heard saying "You just get away." Thomas's account was widely covered in the news, and many media outlets made efforts to find Mitchell for an interview. A few days later, Marcia Kramer, a veteran crime reporter of the New York Daily News, tracked Mitchell to the Westchester Country Club in Rye, New York. Kramer found "a beaten woman" who had "incredible" black and blue marks on her arms.

In the first of many interviews, Mitchell related how in the week following the Watergate burglary, she had been held captive in that California hotel and it was King who had pulled the phone cord from the wall. After several attempts to escape from the balcony, she was physically accosted by five men and was left needing stitches. Herbert W. Kalmbach, Nixon's personal lawyer, was summoned to the hotel and he decided to call for a doctor to inject her with a tranquilizer. The incident left her fearing for her life.

Although the Watergate burglary was the leading story, her reports were relegated to human-interest stories in major newspapers, including The Times, The Washington Post, and The New York Daily News. Nixon aides, to discredit Mitchell, told the press that she had a drinking problem, which was true. They suggested that she was convalescing in Silver Hill Hospital, a psychiatric facility in Connecticut.

Initially, Mitchell began contacting reporters to defend him when her husband's role in the scandal became known. She believed him to be a "fall guy" and encouraged him to turn against the President. Soon after the burglary, John resigned, citing his desire to spend more time with his family as the reason. In the meantime, corruption in the GOP had moved sharply into focus for the outspoken Martha.

In May 1973, she provided sworn testimony in a deposition at the offices of attorney Henry B. Rothblatt in connection with the Democratic Party's US$6.4 million civil suit against the CRP. The Mitchells separated in September 1973, with John suddenly moving out of the family home with their daughter. On January 1, 1975, he was convicted of perjury, obstruction of justice and conspiracy for his involvement in the Watergate break-in; he served 19 months in a federal prison. They never saw each other again.

Because of her involvement in the scandal, she was discredited and abandoned by most of her family, except for her son, intermittently. It was not until February 1975 that McCord, having been convicted for his role in the Watergate burglary, admitted that Mitchell was, in his words, "basically kidnapped" and corroborated her story. He further asserted that H. R. Haldeman, as well as other top Nixon aides, had been "jealous" of her popularity in the media and had sought ways to embarrass her. Nixon later told interviewer David Frost in 1977 that Martha was a distraction to John Mitchell, such that no one was minding the store, and "If it hadn't been for Martha Mitchell, there'd have been no Watergate." King denies the kidnapping allegations and was never charged.

Garrett Graff, author of Watergate: A New History, said that Mitchell's status as a whistleblower was ignored largely due to the misogyny of the era, resulting in her being written out of history. He has said that Mitchell "warned America about what was about to envelop the country, and she was ignored. She deserves a much bigger role in the way we tell the story of Watergate."

Personal life
Mitchell was Presbyterian and, while in New York, attended Marble Collegiate Church. She began to write her memoirs in 1973, but fearing it would mean she would get no money from her husband, never signed a contract. In April 1974, she got a short-lived job as the guest host of the program Panorama on Washington's WTTG; it only lasted a week.

In 1975, Mitchell fell ill. As her health declined, she was called on by a small circle of friends that included her reporter friend and biographer Winzola McLendon. Her lawyer, in an ongoing alimony dispute, described her as "desperately ill, without funds and without friends". Her son cared for her and served as her occasional spokesman. In her final days, Mitchell subsisted on donations sent by sympathetic supporters.

Suffering the advanced stages of multiple myeloma, on May 31, 1976, Mitchell slipped into a coma and died at Memorial Sloan Kettering Hospital in New York City. She was 57 years old. Her funeral service was held at First Presbyterian Church. An anonymous donor sent a large arrangement of flowers that spelled "Martha was right."

She was buried in the Bellwood Cemetery in Pine Bluff with her mother and grandparents. Her daughter Marty and husband John Mitchell attended the burial, albeit arriving late to the service. It was reported that John Mitchell, because he was still legally her husband, closed the service to the public and only a handful of mourners attended. Despite John Mitchell's actions to keep crowds away, Pine Bluff residents, fans, and the press nonetheless lined the streets and area surrounding the cemetery.

Public image
A November 1970 Gallup poll placed the public's opinion of her at 33% unfavorable to 43% favorable. She was known for her glamorous but "girly" fashion. Despite her fame as an outsized personality, those who knew her said she was often anxious before attending parties or public events, clutching her friend's arm, trembling, or even weeping.

She refused to curtsy to Queen Elizabeth II at a garden party in July 1971, saying, "I feel that an American citizen should not bow to foreign monarchs." Scotland's Earl of Lindsay, a member of the Queen's Body Guard for Scotland, wrote Mitchell a letter of reprimand, and in a statement to the press said, "There is always hope she may learn some manners. She is a stupid woman. If she is going to shout her mouth off like that, she is bound to get shouted at."

Myra MacPherson of The Washington Post wrote that "To many she was a brazen and bombastic woman, to others she was a heroine who attacked a liberal permissiveness they felt had brought chaos to the land." The National Review said: "Martha Mitchell brought to [the Nixon Administration] a welcome touch of zaniness and genuine good humor. Seizing on a rare good thing, the press tended to exploit her. What originally had been innocent japes became media events. During the Watergate furor, her abortive TV career proved to be another and finally pitiable example of the capacity of the media to exploit and consume the vulnerable."

Legacy
Three years after Mitchell's death, Washington newswoman and Mitchell-collaborator Winzola McLendon released a biography titled Martha: The Life of Martha Mitchell.

Mitchell's birthplace and childhood home were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. A segment of U.S. Route 79 in Pine Bluff is designated the Martha Mitchell Expressway, and a bust of her at the Pine Bluff Civic Center bears a plaque reading "Ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free."

In 2022 Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein confirmed that in the spring of 1974 Mitchell had invited them to examine papers left behind by John Mitchell in their New York apartment. She is quoted as having said: "Please nail him. I hope you get the bastard."

In popular culture
Lily Tomlin's 1971 comedy album This Is a Recording includes the track "Mrs. Mitchell", in which she imagines her character Ernestine conversing with Martha Mitchell.

A one-woman play about Mitchell, Dirty Tricks by John Jeter, appeared off-Broadway in 2004.

The first episode of the podcast Slow Burn, entitled "Martha", chronicled her role in the Watergate scandal in 2017.

Martha's role in the Watergate scandal was told in the 13th episode of the sixth season of Drunk History by John Early, where she was portrayed by Vanessa Bayer.

Gaslit, a political thriller TV series based on the Slow Burn podcast, aired in 2022, with Julia Roberts portraying Martha and Sean Penn playing John Mitchell.

The "Martha Mitchell effect", in which a psychiatrist mistakenly or willfully identifies a patient's true but extraordinary claims as delusions, was named after her.

Filmography

 * Panorama (1974) – guest host
 * The Martha Mitchell Effect (2022) – documentary of archival footage explores Mitchell's story as it pertains to the Watergate Scandal

title: Martha Mitchell


text:
Octeville

Octeville may refer to one of the following places in Normandy, France:

 * Octeville, Manche, part of the reorganized port city Cherbourg-Octeville
 * Octeville-l'Avenel, Manche
 * Octeville-sur-Mer, Seine-Maritime

title: Octeville


text:
Perth Trades Hall

The Perth Trades Hall is a historic trades hall building in Perth, Western Australia that has been occupied by various organisations of the Western Australian trade union movement. The building is now the WA headquarters of the Construction, Forestry, Maritime, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU).

Building history
Although the Trades and Labour Council (TLC) was established in Perth in 1891, finances to build a trades hall were not available until 1911, when Alick McCallum became general secretary of the Australian Labour Federation, as the TLC was then called.

Design and construction of the original trades hall building was largely due to the efforts of Ernest Henshaw. The three-storey neo-Georgian building was erected at 80 Beaufort Street, the site of Perth's original Scotch College.

The foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister Andrew Fisher on 8 August 1911. The hall was officially opened on 20 April 1912 by John Scaddan, who was the premier of Western Australia and a former trades hall secretary.

In 1985 the building was sold and became the Delaney Gallery. The WA Heritage Council has listed it as Heritage Place No. 8783: Delaney Gallery (Trades Hall). A 2010 photograph in the register shows that the name "Trades Hall" has been reinstated above the portico.

A new "Perth Trades Hall", at Unity House, 77-79 Stirling Street, was opened on May Day 2000. It provided offices and meeting rooms for trade unions, the Australian Labor Party and other community and political groups. The TLC, now known as UnionsWA, relocated in 2007 to the CSA Building at 445 Hay Street, Perth. WA Labor relocated to new headquarters on 54 Cheriton St, Perth, alongside United Voice.

In 2013 the building was purchased by the CFMEU Western Australia so that the building would once again be used for its intended purpose of trade union business. A significant renovation process was undertaken by union workers restoring the building as far as possible to its original condition, with modern facilities provided for staff. On 29 June 2014 the building was re-opened by Michael O'Connor, the national secretary of the combined CFMEU National Divisions. At the official reopening he unveiled a plaque bearing the inscription "Back in the Hands of those who built it". The building now not only houses the CFMEU, but is regularly used by like-minded organisations as a meeting venue.

title: Perth Trades Hall


text:
Talk:Martha Mitchell

Whitman article
Much from:

Kelly Whitman 2002 article.

—Jokestress 07:23, 2 June 2005

 * Not any more. I'm sure that you used that source in good faith, but it contains major errors, and I have gone so far as to remove it from the list of references. —12.72.73.61 16:14, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

Nixon quote
The quote from Nixon is out of context and misleading. Check the Frost Interviews -- the full quote is that Martha was a distraction to John Mitchell and that "no one was minding the store". This may not be the point that the editor was trying to make, but that was Nixon's POV. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.96.68.179 (talk) 17:12, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Done. HairyWombat 00:09, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

 * There really ought to be more here about Martha's involvement in the aftermath of Watergate generally. --184.46.12.154 (talk) 13:07, 22 May 2015 (UTC)

Timeline
The article states:

So, did the Mitchells separate before Mrs. Mitchell began contacting reporters or after? Both events happened in 1973, so the article is unclear. HairyWombat 20:10, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

The Martha Mitchell effect
Can this be linked into the page? It's part of this - Martha_Mitchell where she finds herself being labelled as mentally ill and "delusional" because of her Watergate revelations being disbelieved. Amousey (they/then pronouns) (talk) 02:16, 10 June 2020 (UTC)

Alert to bias
The phrase "while rifling through her husband's papers" and surrounding language seems biased. Is the one New York Sun citation from 2004 a credible enough source to support the implications of 'rifling through'? Kdevans (talk) 03:33, 29 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Martha Mitchell