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Baltimore Comets

The Baltimore Comets were a professional soccer team based in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1974, the Comets were an expansion team that played two seasons in the North American Soccer League. The team originally played its home matches at Memorial Stadium but moved to Burdick Field located at Towson University during the 1975 season. At the conclusion of the 1975 NASL season the team moved to San Diego, California rebranding as the Jaws.

History
Looking to build off what was considered positive momentum in public interest in professional soccer, in January 1974 the North American Soccer League announced Baltimore as one of six cities awarded an expansion team for the upcoming 1974 season. Former Baltimore Bays head coach Doug Millward returned to the city to manage the team. The Comets played their first game at home on May 4, 1974, at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. The team finished in second place in the Eastern Division qualifying for the playoffs as a wild card. Peter Silvester, on loan from Southend United F.C. was named 1974 league MVP. On August 15, 1974, Baltimore lost 0–1 in the quarterfinals to the Boston Minutemen at Alumni Stadium. The Comets participated in the 1975 NASL Indoor tournament as part of Region 3 playing at the Bayfront Center in St. Petersburg, Florida, and losing the two matches in which they played.

During the 1975 North American Soccer League season, the Comets were evicted from Memorial Stadium due to non-payment of rent and played the remaining part of the season at Burdick Field on the campus of Towson State University. The team ended the season in last place in the Eastern Division with a record of 9 wins and 13 losses and an average attendance of 2,641, the lowest in the league. Following the season, the team was sold and moved to San Diego.

Honors
NASL MVP
 * 1974: Peter Silvester

NASL All-Stars
 * 1974: Geoff Butler, Peter Silvester

Indoor Soccer Hall of Fame members
 * 2019: Alan Mayer

title: Baltimore Comets


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Arthur Bernard Cook

Arthur Bernard Cook (22 October 1868 – 26 April 1952) was a British archeologist and classical scholar, best known for his three-part work, Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion.

Early life and education
Arthur Bernard Cook was born in Hampstead, London on 22 October 1868. He was the son of William Henry Cook MD (1825-1882) and Harriet Bickersteth (1830-1918) His mother's family were leading ecclesiastical scholars of the time, including Edward Bickersteth (Dean of Lichfield) (1814-1892), Edward Bickersteth (bishop of Exeter) (1825-1906) and Edward Bickersteth (bishop of South Tokyo). (1850-1897)

Cook was educated at St. Paul's School, where he won several academic prizes. He received an M.A. from the Trinity College, Cambridge. The Chancellor's Gold Medal is a distinguished annual award at Cambridge University for poetry, paralleling Oxford University's Newdigate prize. Cook's poem Windsor Castle won the Chancellor's Gold Medal for poetry at Cambridge in 1889. In 1893, he was awarded a fellowship at Trinity College.

Career
From 1892-1907, Cook was professor of Greek at Bedford College, London. In 1900, he became Fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge. From 1907 to 1931 he was Reader of Classical Archaeology at University of Cambridge. He became the Laurence Professor of Classical Archaeology at Cambridge in 1931, where he had held the position as Reader, until 1934. From 1935 to 1952, Cook was Vice-President of Queens' College. Cook was elected as a fellow of the British Academy for the humanities and social sciences in 1941. He was elected an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1944. Professor Cook died in Cambridge on 26 April 1952.

Legacy
Cook is often considered one of the Cambridge Ritualists, and although he did not produce theoretical works, he has been called "perhaps the most typical disciple" of J. G. Frazer.

Works

 * The Metaphysical Basis of Plato's Ethics (1895)
 * Zeus. A Study In Ancient Religion. (1914-1940)
 * Volume 1: Zeus, God of the Bright Sky, Biblo-Moser, June 1, 1964, ISBN 0-8196-0148-9 (reprint)
 * Volume 2: Zeus, God of the Dark Sky (Thunder and Lightning), Biblo-Moser, June 1, 1964, ISBN 0-8196-0156-X
 * Volume 3: Zeus, God of the Dark Sky (earthquakes, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorites)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Arthur Bernard Cook


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The Gay Sisters

The Gay Sisters is a 1942 American drama film directed by Irving Rapper, and starring Barbara Stanwyck, George Brent, Geraldine Fitzgerald, Donald Crisp, Gig Young (who adopted his character's name as his screen name) and Nancy Coleman. The Warner Bros. motion picture was based on a novel by Stephen Longstreet.

Plot
Sisters Fiona, Evelyn, and Susie Gaylord, are orphaned when first their mother goes down with the Lusitania and then their wealthy father, Major Penn Gaylord, is killed in France in World War I. Before Penn left for France, he told Fiona, the eldest, that the Gaylords have never sold the land they have acquired.

However, their half billion dollar inheritance is held up in probate for decades; Fiona complains that they have practically grown up in court. Though they have a New York City Fifth Avenue mansion, the sisters have had to borrow money to live. A French charity claims that Penn made a later will before he died, leaving 10% of the Gaylord estate to it. Though the Gaylords are now willing to give up the 10%, their real antagonist, Charles Barclay, who wants their mansion, and the choice land on which it sits too, so that he can tear it down as part of his real estate development, Barclay Square. Fiona is determined not to give in to this.

Meanwhile, Evelyn has married an English nobleman, now fighting in the RAF, while Susie is in love with painter Gig Young, despite being married herself. Susanna only stayed with her husband for a few hours, but he refuses to grant her an annulment unless she pays him a great deal of money, to which of course she does not have access. When Evelyn returns home from England, she becomes attracted to Gig herself and tries to steal him away.

In 1941, Fiona fires the longtime Gaylord lawyer, Hershell Gibbon, when he appears to be too sympathetic to Charles. She hires Ralph Pedloch as his replacement. It is revealed that Fiona and Charles have a prior history together. Six years before, a relative died and left the sisters $100,000 on condition that Fiona be married. Fiona decided to go through with a sham marriage to a cousin, but ran into Charles, then a construction crew foreman, and found him much more attractive. Within a few days, she manipulated the lovestruck man into proposing. On their wedding night, she pretended to faint. While he went to purchase some medicine, she packed up, leaving a letter with $25,000, her wedding ring and an explanation. However, he returned before she left and forced her to have sex before letting her go. Fiona gave birth to a boy, Austin, and had him raised by a trusted friend. When that friend died, Fiona brought the now six-year-old to live with her. Unexpectedly, she finds herself becoming very fond of the child.

When Susie tries to commit suicide after it appears that she has lost Gig, Fiona finally realizes that the toll her stubborn determination has exacted on her family. She gives up the mansion and grants Charles sole custody of Austin. In the end, Gig chooses the now-single Susie, and Charles tells Fiona that he still loves her. Fiona embraces and kisses him.

Cast

 * Barbara Stanwyck as Fiona Gaylord
 * George Brent as Charles Barclay
 * Geraldine Fitzgerald as Lady Evelyn Gaylord Burton
 * Donald Crisp as Ralph Pedloch
 * Byron Barr as Gig Young
 * Nancy Coleman as Susanna "Susie" Gaylord Allen
 * Gene Lockhart as Mr. Herschell Gibbon
 * Larry Simms as Austin, aka "Butch"
 * Donald Woods as Penn Sutherland Gaylord
 * Grant Mitchell as Gilbert Wheeler
 * William T. Orr as Dick Tone
 * Anne Revere as Miss Ida Orner
 * Helene Thimig as Saskia, the Gaylord maid
 * George Lessey as Judge Barrows
 * Charles Waldron as Mr. Van Rennseler (as Charles D. Waldron)
 * Frank Reicher as Dr. Thomas Bigelow
 * David Clyde as Benson, Penn's servant
 * Mary Field as Farmer's Granddaughter / Organist
 * Mary Thomas as Fiona Gaylord as a girl of eight

Box office
According to Warner Bros records the film earned $1,728,000 domestically and $857,000 foreign.

title: The Gay Sisters


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/America Adventure

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was . delete, but it was speedy deleted anyway by Cyrius. bainer (talk) 23:57, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

America Adventure

 * For a prior VFD discussion of this article, see Votes for deletion/America Adventure/2004 Oct 24.

 * Delete article was voted for deletion before, but it was never deleted. Revolución 04:16, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * delete Xcali 04:48, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, advertising. Megan1967 05:20, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete it's both advertising and not notable.  Tobycat 05:39, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advertising/promo. Kaibabsquirrel 20:13, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * "America Adventure is a cd-rom in Engrish." - there, fixed. Delete. --FCYTravis 20:27, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted as recreation of deleted material. It was deleted, but was recreated. -- Cyrius|✎ 20:31, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * On a side note, that article "consist to be" so bad it made my eyes water. -- Cyrius|✎ 20:31, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Meikyukai

The Meikyukai (日本プロ野球名球会) is one of the two baseball halls of fame in Japan, the other being the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame (野球殿堂). The Meikyukai is a limited company for public benefit.

Founded by Hall of Fame pitcher Masaichi Kaneda in 1978, the Meikyukai honors players born after 1926 (the beginning of Shōwa period). Players are automatically inducted if they reach a career total of 2,000 hits or 200 wins in the Japanese professional leagues. Since 2003, players recording 250 saves are also inducted, with records from Major League Baseball (MLB) also being recognized. Since 2019, players who did not reach any of the above three figures, but who were deemed to have equivalent career achievements, could be inducted upon committee nomination and a vote of 75% or more current members.

Inductees are awarded a special jacket and participate in various baseball-related events during the off-season. Meikyukai members mostly make appearances in charity and volunteer events. The organization holds annual meetings and a golf tournament, which is often broadcast on television. All of the money raised from the golf tournament is donated to the Red Cross.

History
Masaichi Kaneda founded Meikyukai on July 24, 1978. In addition to Kaneda, the founding members of the club were Kazuhisa Inao, Masaaki Koyama, Keishi Suzuki, Tetsuya Yoneda, Shinichi Etoh, Sadaharu Oh, Morimichi Takagi, Masahiro Doi, Shigeo Nagashima, Katsuya Nomura, Isao Harimoto, Yoshinori Hirose, Kazuhiro Yamauchi, Takao Kajimoto, Mutsuo Minagawa and Minoru Murayama.

In 2008, founder Masaichi Kaneda passed on club leadership to home run champion Sadaharu Oh after running it for more than 30 years. Kaneda later quit the club when it re-formed as a limited company in 2010.

As of December 2022, Atsuya Furuta is the current chairperson of the club.

The most recent inductees are Koji Uehara and Kyuji Fujikawa in 2022. Despite neither of them reaching 200 wins or 250 saves in their career, Meikyukai offered them membership after deeming both players' overall career achievements as worthy of induction.

Qualifications for inclusion
The founding members of the club limited membership to players born after 1926, partly because they only wanted members that had begun their career after the two-league system of Japanese baseball was established in 1950 (when the Japanese Baseball League reorganized into Nippon Professional Baseball), but mostly because Kaneda did not want to include qualified members, such as Tetsuharu Kawakami, that were older than he was. Originally, only players born in Shōwa period(1926-1988) can join, the rule was changed in 2012, allowing post-Shōwa born players to be inducted in the near future.

Records in Major League Baseball (MLB) are also valid in counting the numbers; However, Meikyukai only takes records from the point where the player started his NPB career (i.e.: records before debut in NPB don't count). For example, Alex Ramírez's 86 hits in MLB before his NPB career were excluded and he was not inducted until he recorded his 2,000th NPB hit on April 6, 2013.

Though other records such as home runs, stolen bases, and strikeouts are not officially included in the qualifications, they are taken into consideration if a player is few short of required hit/win/save(s). Yutaka Fukumoto was specially inducted when he reached 800 career stolen bases (he would later mark 2,000 career hits). Such inductions was formally codified in 2019, allowing players who are originally not eligible to be inducted. As committee considered 200 wins are too difficult to be achieved for modern era pitchers, and players having notable combined pitching(batting) records should get qualified as well.

Nationality is not officially regarded as a qualification, as two of the founding members (Sadaharu Oh and Isao Harimoto) did not have a Japanese Nationality when Meikyukai was founded. However, only two non-Japanese player (Alex Ramírez and Alfonso Soriano) so far has met the milestone since foundation, and only Ramírez was recognized as a qualified member. As stated below, the reason being that, despite Soriano reaching the 2000 hits (2,097 hits) needed, almost all of those hits were in his years in MLB, and that the 2000 hit requirement was, as stated above, had to be achieved in NPB.

Current Members
Active NPB/MLB players (as of end of 2023 season) are indicated with an asterisk (*).

 * Koji Akiyama
 * Shinnosuke Abe
 * Norichika Aoki*
 * Hiromasa Arai
 * Takahiro Arai
 * Masahiro Araki
 * Michiyo Arito
 * Yu Darvish*
 * Masahiro Doi
 * Yutaka Enatsu
 * Taira Fujita
 * Yutaka Fukumoto
 * Kosuke Fukudome
 * Kazuya Fukuura
 * Kyuji Fujikawa
 * Atsuya Furuta
 * Isao Harimoto
 * Osamu Higashio
 * Masaji Hiramatsu
 * Yoshihisa Hirano*
 * Yoshinori Hirose
 * Tadahito Iguchi
 * Atsunori Inaba
 * Takuro Ishii
 * Hitoki Iwase
 * Tomoaki Kanemoto
 * Hideji Katō
 * Kazuhiro Kiyohara
 * Hiroki Kokubo
 * Norihiro Komada
 * Masaaki Koyama
 * Kimiyasu Kudo
 * Takumi Kuriyama*
 * Hiroki Kuroda
 * Tomonori Maeda
 * Makoto Matsubara
 * Hideki Matsui
 * Kazuo Matsui
 * Shinya Miyamoto
 * Norihiro Nakamura
 * Shigeo Nagashima
 * Hideo Nomo
 * Kenjiro Nomura
 * Yohei Oshima*
 * Michihiro Ogasawara
 * Sadaharu Oh
 * Alex Ramírez
 * Hayato Sakamoto*
 * Kazuhiro Sasaki
 * Isao Shibata
 * Ichiro Suzuki
 * Keishi Suzuki
 * Shingo Takatsu
 * Yukio Tanaka
 * Motonobu Tanishige
 * Kazuyoshi Tatsunami
 * Takashi Toritani
 * Seiichi Uchikawa
 * Koji Uehara
 * Kazuhiro Wada
 * Tsutomu Wakamatsu
 * Hisashi Yamada
 * Koji Yamamoto
 * Masahiro Yamamoto
 * Hiroyuki Yamazaki
 * Tetsuya Yoneda

Honored Members
Deceased players who died during their membership are considered as "Honored Members".

 * Shinichi Etoh
 * Kazuhisa Inao
 * Hiromitsu Kadota
 * Takao Kajimoto
 * Sachio Kinugasa
 * Manabu Kitabeppu
 * Mutsuo Minagawa
 * Choji Murata
 * Minoru Murayama
 * Katsuya Nomura
 * Yasunori Oshima
 * Katsuo Osugi
 * Morimichi Takagi
 * Kazuhiro Yamauchi

Former Members and Non-Inductees
Masaichi Kaneda, Kenichi Yazawa, Tsuneo Horiuchi were once members of Meikyukai, but later quit due to their own reasons.

Hiromitsu Ochiai reached 2,000 hits in 1995, but declined membership because Kaneda and other members had repeatedly criticized him during his career.

First baseman Kihachi Enomoto (with 2,314 career hits) didn't decline membership, but never participated in any of the club's meetings or events before his death in 2012, and was not recognized as a formal member nor a honored member.

Left fielder and second baseman Alfonso Soriano (with 2,097 career hits) technically met the 2,000 hits requirement in 2013, but he was not recognized as a formal member. Many suggest his significantly low NPB career hit (only 2 out of 2,097) preventing him from being introduced.

title: Meikyukai


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Yellowbeard

Yellowbeard is a 1983 comedy film directed by Mel Damski and written by Graham Chapman, Peter Cook, Bernard McKenna, and David Sherlock, with an ensemble cast featuring Chapman, Cook, Peter Boyle, Cheech & Chong, Martin Hewitt, Michael Hordern, Eric Idle, Madeline Kahn, James Mason, and John Cleese, and the final cinematic appearances of Marty Feldman, Spike Milligan, and Peter Bull.

Plot
In 1687, pirate Yellowbeard attacks the ship of inquisitor El Nebuloso and seizes a treasure hoard from the Spanish Main. Although his second-in-command Moon devised the attack plan, Yellowbeard treats him harshly and severs Moon's hand for touching the treasure. Yellowbeard continues piracy in the West Indies until he is betrayed by Moon and imprisoned in England for tax evasion.

Twenty years later, Yellowbeard is about to complete his prison sentence, having kept secret the location of his buried treasure from his torturers and from Moon's spy Gilbert. Commander Clement, a Royal Navy officer and head of Her Majesty's Secret Service, provokes Yellowbeard by greatly extending his sentence. Yellowbeard escapes and visits his wife Betty's tavern to retrieve his treasure map. However, she destroyed the map after tattooing it onto the head of their son Dan, now twenty years old.

Clement and Gilbert each arrive and are eluded by Yellowbeard. Informant Blind Pew directs Clement to Yellowbeard's trail. Gilbert confronts Pew and exposes him as a government agent, turning the tavern patrons against him, but Pew is able to use his wit and prowess to defeat them.

Yellowbeard finds Dan who volunteers to help find the treasure. However, because Dan was raised as a gentleman by Lord Lambourne, Yellowbeard believes him unsuited to piracy and tries to take only Dan's head. Clement's men arrive, so Dan and Lambourne hide Yellowbeard with botanist Dr. Gilpin. They devise a plan to disguise Yellowbeard and travel to Jamaica as a botany expedition. Betty agrees to conceal their activities for a share, but her obvious lies raise Clement's suspicions. Meanwhile, Moon and Gilbert kill Pew.

Dan's group book passage in Portsmouth, pursued by Clement, Gilbert and Moon. Moon usurps leadership of a press gang and waylays Dan, Lambourne and Gilpin, impressing them into service on the Lady Edith under Captain Hughes. Following weeks of harsh "preemptive discipline" at sea, Dan confronts cruel Mr. Crisp and is knocked-out. Yellowbeard, who had secretly stowed away on the ship, overpowers Crisp to save the map and drops him into the sea. Moon informs Hughes that Dan is Yellowbeard's son, and Hughes arrests Dan, Lambourne and Gilpin for conspiracy to mutiny. Moon immediately engineers a mutiny and installs Dan as captain. That night, Yellowbeard alters the ship's course, leading Dan and Moon to suspect each other of the act.

Meanwhile, Clement questions Betty aboard his frigate while trying to intercept Yellowbeard. By happenstance, the Lady Edith's new course brings the ships together. To preserve the secrecy of his mission, Clement raises the French flag and is mystified when the Edith engages them despite being outgunned and outmanned. He feigns battle and withdraws.

The Lady Edith arrives at an island which matches the map. Yellowbeard covertly swims to shore while Dan and the others accompany foraging parties. However, El Nebuloso has a fortress on the island and Dan is captured. Lambourne and Gilpin find Yellowbeard and attack the fortress to rescue Dan. They meet no resistance, per Nebuloso's ruse to capture their leader and learn the treasure's location. However, his men are either killed by Yellowbeard or paralyzed by Gilpin's botanical extract. Nebuloso holds Dan hostage but Yellowbeard reveals himself and a terrified Nebuloso fatally falls into an acid pool.

Moon and his men arrive and a sword fight ensues. Yellowbeard withdraws to search for the treasure. Moon outfights Dan and backs him to the acid pool, but Nebuloso's daughter Triola, who had instantly fallen in love with Dan, knocks Moon into the acid. Meanwhile, Clement arrives on the island and Betty tries to guide his marines from her recollections of the map.

Dan finds Yellowbeard retracing his steps. Losing his place, Yellowbeard slices off Dan's hair to check the map and they soon unearth the treasure. Yellowbeard embraces Dan and inadvertently impales himself on Dan's dagger; approving of patricidal betrayal, Yellowbeard acknowledges Dan as his son before collapsing. Clement arrives and congratulates Dan for killing Yellowbeard while claiming the treasure for the queen. Triola immediately attaches herself to Clement.

Back at sea, Clement considers keeping the treasure and settling in the Americas. However, Dan, Yellowbeard, Lambourne, Gilpin and Betty seize the ship and hoist the Jolly Roger.

Development
Peter Cook remembered "It all started when Keith Moon, Sam Peckinpah, Graham Chapman and myself were dining at Trader Vic's. Keith suggested doing a movie about pirates and we were all discussing it and being enthusiastic, when I saw Sam, who was too tired to actually go to the lavatory, relieving himself in the artificial palm tree by the table. It was then that I thought the whole thing was rather unlikely to get off the ground."

The original concept for the film was funded by Chapman's close friend Moon, who wanted to play the lead role, but was dropped early on because of his deteriorating health.

The film has a complicated development history, largely due to the amount of time taken to get funding. There are at least four versions of the script drafts. The one that is "truest to Chapman and McKenna's original version" is published in the book Yellowbeard: High Jinks on the High Seas. Major difference between Chapman and McKenna's script, which was altered at Hollywood's request, is that the original has less emphasis on minor characters and more emphasis on the overall plot. Cook is credited as a writer because, in October 1980, Chapman asked Cook to help with one of the rewrites.

Casting
In casting, producer Carter De Haven wanted to choose actors that would broaden the film's appeal to American audiences.

The actor set to play the romantic lead changed from Adam Ant to Sting to Martin Hewitt. Adam Ant was frustrated with production delays and left. Sting wanted to play the role, but the producers thought the film was becoming too British. Hewitt is quoted as saying that "Sting should have had my part. For crying out loud, I would have hired Sting over me any day."

Haven told The New York Times, "I got the cast I wanted. All the actors are integral. They are not just playing cameo roles."

David Bowie makes a cameo appearance as the Shark – a character named Henson who dons a rubber shark fin on his back. Bowie was on holiday in Mexico in late 1982 after completing his album Let's Dance when he met with Chapman and Idle on a beach, agreeing to make a cameo appearance. Bowie also appeared in the 50-minute behind-the-scenes feature titled Group Madness.

Filming
Apart from a couple of weeks spent in Rye, East Sussex, England, the entire film including interiors was shot in Mexico.

Chapman's friend Harry Nilsson created a preliminary soundtrack, including one song specifically for the film. This was not used because the producers felt he could not be relied on to finish it.

Three ships in the film were portrayed by Bounty II, built by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for the 1962 version of Mutiny on the Bounty. The pirate ship was named Edith, after Chapman's mother.

Marty Feldman died of a heart attack while filming in Mexico City in December 1982. His work on the film was nearly finished except for the scene of his character's death, filmed a few days later using a stunt double. Chapman said about Feldman's death: "I try to look at the positive side...I take pleasure knowing that Marty was back on form for his last role."

Chapman was not allowed to assist with the editing, and his comments on the first cut were ignored; these included shortening the credits, so that audience expectation was not too far raised, and making the jokes less obvious.

Critical response
The film received some praise, with the Los Angeles Times writing that there are "many moments of hilarity here", but it was not a big box-office success, and received mostly negative reviews. Various reasons are suggested, such as the peculiar combination of British and American humour, and it being poorly timed given the movie climate, with other kinds of comedy being popular. DVD Verdict gives it 75 out of 100, but writes "It is, at times, hilarious, and contains all of the pieces of a great comedy. These pieces never come together to make a great film." Roger Ebert gave the film one-and-a-half stars, and said "Yellowbeard is soon over and soon forgotten." On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a 22% approval rating based on reviews from 9 critics.

Actors' response
Cleese played a part out of loyalty to Chapman. He said he found the script to be one of the worst he had read, although it is unclear which version he was referring to. In an interview given in 2001, Cleese described Yellowbeard as "one of the six worst films made in the history of the world".

Eric Idle mentioned Yellowbeard as one of the worst films he has ever made, but said he enjoyed making it. "Sometimes, the best times can be on the worst movies and vice versa, e.g. Yellowbeard, which I wouldn't have missed for the world."

Group Madness documentary
During the production of Yellowbeard, Michael Mileham and Phil Schuman produced and directed a 45-minute behind-the-scenes documentary for Orion Pictures, entitled Group Madness: The Making of Yellowbeard. Mileham said he wanted to make the documentary because Yellowbeard had "more comics in it than any film since [1963's] It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World". Mileham and his crew followed the Yellowbeard filmmakers and cast to locations in England and Mexico, documenting their off-screen antics and interviewing many cast members, including Chapman, Idle, Cleese, Feldman, Boyle, Cook and Kahn.

Near the time of the 1983 release of Yellowbeard, Group Madness was syndicated to 75 television stations in the United States and broadcast only once on NBC on 11 June 1983, pre-empting Saturday Night Live. In the mid-1990s, video copies of the documentary could be ordered from Mileham; it was eventually released on DVD in 2007 and later streamed on Amazon.com.

title: Yellowbeard


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Arthur Cook

Arthur Cook may refer to:

 * Arthur Cook (Australian politician) (1883–1945), Australian politician
 * Arthur Cook (cricketer) (1889–1970), South African cricketer
 * Arthur Cook (footballer) (1890–?), footballer for Swansea Town and West Bromwich Albion
 * Arthur Cook (New Zealand politician) (1886–1943), New Zealand politician
 * Arthur Cook (sport shooter) (1928–2021), U.S. Olympic sport shooter
 * Arthur Bernard Cook (1868–1952), British classical scholar
 * A. J. Cook (trade unionist) (1883–1931), British coal miner and trade union leader
 * Arthur Leonard Cook (1913–1991), Australian boxer
 * Arthur Cook (Pennsylvania politician), Speaker of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly in 1689

title: Arthur Cook


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Boston Beacons

The Boston Beacons were an American soccer professional team that competed in the North American Soccer League (NASL) in 1968. The team was based in Boston and played their home games at Fenway Park. Originally intended to be a charter member of the National Professional Soccer League (NPSL) in 1967, the team played its first and only season in the 1968 NASL following the merger of the NPSL and rival United Soccer Association.

History
In 1966, several groups of entrepreneurs were exploring the idea of forming a professional soccer league in United States and Canada. Two of these groups merged to form the National Professional Soccer League (NPSL) and franchise rights were awarded to ten ownership groups. Boston was originally chosen as a team location, but withdrew from the 1967 season as the organization was unable to find a suitable stadium. The NPSL announced that Boston would join the league in 1968 with a team owned by retired Boston Celtics coach Red Auerbach and Boston Red Sox executive vice president Dick O'Connell. In April 1967, General Manager Joe McKenney announced that the team name of Beacons had been chosen based on fan suggestions and that the team would start play in 1968 at Fenway Park. In June 1967, Jack Mansell was hired as head coach, resigning from Rotherham United to take the position. In preparation to join the league, the organization hosted an exhibition match between the Baltimore Bays and the Chicago Spurs in July 1967.

Following the merger of the NPSL and the United Soccer Association, it was announced that the city of Boston would be represented by one of the 20 teams in the North American Soccer League (NASL) ; the Boston Shamrock Rovers of the former USA folded, leaving the New England region to Beacons.

The Beacons opened their season on the road against the Oakland Clippers with a 2–1 loss in front of 5,714 fans, losing due to a botched clearance that bounced off a Beacon player and into the net for the Clipper's winning goal. On July 8, 1968, the Beacons lost by a score of 7–1 to Brazilian team Santos FC, who were touring the United States and playing a series of exhibition matches against NASL and international teams. Santos star Pelé scored a goal and created an assist in the game played before a crowd of 18,431, the largest to attend a Beacons match at Fenway Park. The team finished the season in last place in the Atlantic Division with a record of 9 wins, 17 losses and 6 draws, and an average attendance of 4,004.

During a meeting of NASL officials on October 24, 1968, GM Joe McKenney stated that the team would "100 per cent chance" quit the league. The team officially folded shortly after.

title: Boston Beacons


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Francesco da Sangallo

Francesco da Sangallo (1494–1576) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, the son of the architect and sculptor Giuliano da Sangallo.

Sangallo was born in Florence. His father took him at the age of ten to Rome where, in 1506, he was present at the identification of the Laocoön group, an event he described in a letter written in 1567, towards the end of his life. Francesco da Sangallo was a pupil of Andrea Sansovino. The earliest dated sculpture attributed to him is the "Virgin and Child with St. Anne" in Orsanmichele, Florence.

Sangallo was active in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome around 1542 and became Capomaestro and architect of the Duomo in Florence the following year. Among works by him in the church of Santa Maria Pimerana in Fiesole are a self-portrait in relief dated 1542 and his last work, a relief of Francesco del Fede. Other works include the effigy of Bishop Leonardo Bonafede, which lies on the pavement of the church of the Certosa near Florence, and the group of the Virgin and Child and St Anne, executed in 1526 for the altar of Orsanmichele. He was named a member (Accademico) of the prestigious Accademia delle Arti del Disegno of Florence, founded by Cosimo I de' Medici in 1563.

title: Francesco da Sangallo


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Boston Minutemen

The Boston Minutemen were an American professional soccer team based in Boston, Massachusetts that played in the North American Soccer League (NASL). They played from 1974 to 1976. Their home fields included Alumni Stadium in Chestnut Hill, Schaefer Stadium in Foxborough, Veterans Memorial Stadium in Quincy and Sargent Field in New Bedford.

Portuguese legend Eusébio played for the Minutemen in 1975, as did famed American player Shep Messing.

The Minutemen started well, winning the Northern Division title in their first season and drawing over 9000 fans a match to Alumni Stadium, good for 5th highest in the league. They lost in the playoffs to eventual league champion Los Angeles Aztecs. When Eusébio came to Boston in 1975, by which time the team had relocated to Nickerson Field, it seemed as though things would continue to look up. Though the team would win the Northern Division title again for the second time in as many seasons, attendance fell to around 4000 – half of what it had been. In the playoffs, the Minutemen lost to Miami in extra time.

For the 1976 season, team owner John Sterge announced the Minutemen would relocate again, this time to Harvard Stadium, but that deal collapsed before the start of the season and the team ended up playing in a hodge-podge of grounds throughout Massachusetts: Schaefer Stadium in Foxborough, Veterans Memorial Stadium in Quincy, and Sargent Field in New Bedford. By this time Sterge was having financial difficulties (which ended in action by the Securities and Exchange Commission) and was compelled to sell off many of his players, including Eusebio, who went to the eventual champions Toronto Metros-Croatia. Attendance plummeted, the Minutemen lost their last 12 matches and after the season, they folded.

Former players

 * 🇺🇸 Shep Messing (1975)
 * 🇺🇸 Mickey Cohen (1976)
 * Bert Bowery (1976)
 * 🏴 John Coyne (1974)
 * 🏴 Geoff Davies (1975–76)
 * 🏴 Paddy Greenwood (1974, 1976)
 * Eusébio (1975)
 * Ian McKechnie (1974)

Honors
NASL Division Titles
 * 1974: Northern Division
 * 1975: Northern Division

NASL Leading Goalkeeper
 * 1975: Shep Messing (0.93 goals against avg.)

All-Star Selections
 * 1974: Ade Coker (second team)
 * 1974: Paddy Greenwood (honorable mention)
 * 1974: Ian McKechnie (honorable mention)
 * 1975: António Simões (first team)
 * 1975: Wolfgang Sühnholz (honorable mention)
 * 1976: Shep Messing (indoor All-Regional)

Indoor Soccer Hall of Fame members
 * 2019: Shep Messing

title: Boston Minutemen


text: Category:Erotic conventions

title: Category:Erotic conventions


text:
California Surf

The California Surf was an American soccer team that competed in the North American Soccer League (NASL) from 1978 to 1981. The team was based in Anaheim, California and played their home games at Anaheim Convention Center and the Long Beach Arena during the indoor seasons and Anaheim Stadium for outdoor matches. Originally founded as the St. Louis Stars, the team relocated to Anaheim after the 1977 NASL season. The team disbanded after the 1981 NASL season.

History
The team that would become the Surf was originally founded as the St. Louis Stars in 1967 as a charter member of the National Professional Soccer League. When the NPSL and United Soccer Association merged to form the North American Soccer League (NASL), the Stars moved to the new league and competed in an additional 10 seasons. After the conclusion of the 1977 season, team president Ted Martin announced that unless other adequate stadium facilities could be secured, as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University-where the team has played its home games for the previous three seasons-was too small to accommodate the larger crowds attending it games and the team's inability to use Busch Memorial Stadium due to too many scheduling with Major League Baseball's Cardinals, the team would have to relocate to another city. In late September 1977, General Manager Case Frankiewiez announced the team would leave the city with Anaheim, California and Columbus, Ohio name as likely destinations. A week later on October 7, 1977, the NASL officially approved the team's move pending a lease with Anaheim Stadium. Two months later, it was announced that the name Surf has been chosen from 350 public suggestions.

The Surf opened the 1978 North American Soccer League season at home with a 1–0 victory against the Portland Timbers on April 1, 1978. The team finished the season in second place in the Western Division of the American Conference with 13 wins and 17 losses and losing to the San Diego Sockers in the first round of the playoffs. After a 4–4 start to the 1979 season, John Sewell, who had managed the team in St. Louis, was fired as head coach and replaced by Peter Wall. The Surf finished the season with a record of 15 wins and 15 losses, tied for first place of the American Conference, Western Division on points with San Diego, but losing the division title on goal differential. For the second year in a row, the team exited the playoffs after losing to San Diego in the first round. The team reported an official average attendance of 10,330 for the season; however, it was midway through the following season, it was reported that the Surf had been inflating their attendance totals. In September 1979 it was announced that the Surf would be one of ten teams to participate in the 1979–80 NASL Indoor season. During the league's first ever full indoor season, the Surf compiled a record of four wins and eight losses and failed to qualify for the playoffs. In the following outdoor season, the Surf compiled a record of 15 wins and 17 losses while finishing in second place in the Western Division of the American Conference. The team was defeated in the first round of the playoffs by the Fort Lauderdale Strikers. After the season, it was announced that the team had ranked 20th in league attendance and was rumored to have lost nearly $7.5 million. The Surf competed in the 1980–81 NASL Indoor season finishing first in the Southern Division, but again bowing out in the first round of the playoffs, this time to the Vancouver Whitecaps. After opening the 1981 NASL season, with a 4 – 3 record, Peter Wall resigned as head coach and was replaced by Laurie Calloway. The team finished the season with a record of 11 wins and 21 losses and did not qualify for the playoffs. On September 15, 1981, it was announced the team was ceasing operations. The next day, the league announced the Surf were one of five teams that failed to post the required $150,000 bond to participate in the 1981–82 NASL Indoor season, confirming the team has folded.

Ownership and staff

 * Robert Hermann & Partners – Owners (1978–1980)
 * Henry Segerstrom & Partners – Owners (1980–1981)
 * Lynne Saunders – Deputy General Manager

Head coaches

 * 🏴 John Sewell (1978–1979)
 * 🏴 Peter Wall (1979–1981)
 * 🏴 Laurie Calloway 1981

Honors
NASL Division titles
 * 1978 Western Division, American Conference (tie)
 * 1980–81 indoor Southern Division

NASL All-Star First Team
 * 1978 Ray Evans

U.S. Soccer Hall of Fame
 * 2001: Bob Hermann
 * 2003: Carlos Alberto Torres
 * 2006: Al Trost

Canada Soccer Hall of Fame
 * 2004: Tony Chursky

Indoor Soccer Hall of Fame
 * 2019: Alan Mayer

title: California Surf


text:
User talk:80.192.164.176

Hi. thanks for contributing an article on Mike Brailsford. However, this article was a repost of an article that had previously been deleted through the votes for deletion page (see Votes for deletion/Mike Brailsford) so I have deleted it again. We would welcome your contributions on other topics. --rbrwr± 14:39, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:80.192.164.176


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David Sullivan (businessman)

David Sullivan (born 5 February 1949) is a Welsh businessman and former pornographer. From 1986 to 2007, he owned the Daily Sport and Sunday Sport, which he sold for £40 million.

According to The Sunday Times Rich List in 2019, Sullivan is worth £1.2 billion.

He is the chairman and largest single shareholder of Premier League football team West Ham United F.C., following the death of business partner David Gold in 2023. The pair were previously joint-chairmen of Birmingham City.

Early life
Born in Cardiff, the son of an RAF serviceman, Sullivan grew up in a Penarth council house. When Sullivan was 10 years old, his father was posted to Aden, Yemen where they lived for a year before moving to England to live in Hornchurch, Essex. He attended the Abbs Cross school and gained ten O Levels. After his family moved to Hertfordshire he attended Watford Grammar School for Boys obtaining three A levels. He then read Economics at Queen Mary College, University of London, narrowly missing a first.

Pornography industry
With his business partner, David Gold, Sullivan's first venture was selling softcore pornographic photos. They expanded into sex shops, adult magazines and several low-budget blue movies, making Sullivan a millionaire by the age of 25. Sullivan opened his first sex shop, called "Private Shop", in 1978, with plans to expand across the UK. By the late 1970s, he was in control of half of the UK adult magazine market, including major titles such as Playbirds and Whitehouse, 80% of the adult mail order market, and 150 shops.

In the late 1970s, he produced several low-budget British sex movies including Come Play with Me (1977) (directed by Harrison Marks). This was followed by The Playbirds (1978), Confessions from the David Galaxy Affair (1979) and Queen of the Blues (1979), all starring his then-girlfriend Mary Millington. After Millington's suicide in August 1979, he continued trading off her name with Mary Millington's True Blue Confessions (1980). Millington had also been intended to star in his next film, Emmanuelle in Soho (1981).

In 1982, Sullivan was convicted of living off immoral earnings of prostitutes. He successfully appealed and was released after serving 71 days in prison. Sullivan said that he did not feel embarrassed about the initial source of his early fortunes. "I've made a lot of people happy," he said. "If I was an arms manufacturer or a cigarette manufacturer, and my products killed millions of my clients, I'd have a bit of doubt about the whole thing. I was a freedom fighter. I believe in the right of adults to make their own decisions".

In 2003 Sullivan transferred his magazine portfolio to his business partners David and Ralph Gold.

Property
Sullivan operates an investment company, Conegate, which owns property in London including Russell & Bromley's flagship shopbuildings in Oxford Street near to Bond Street tube station.

Birmingham City
In 1993, Sullivan bought into Birmingham City, with David Gold and Ralph Gold. The landmark deal saw the new owners secure an 80% stake of the Midlands outfit.

In 2007, Sullivan expressed his first desire to sell his share in Birmingham City and openly admitted three reasons for a possible departure. "One, the geographical distance. I've said for years the journey to Birmingham is killing me. Two, I think deep down the public have had enough of us. They think we should have mortgaged our houses to buy more players to compete with Chelsea and Arsenal. The honeymoon is long over and we're at the divorce stage now, unfortunately. And I also feel we've had no support from Birmingham Council."

After 16 years at the club, Birmingham managing director Karren Brady and chairman David Sullivan agreed to step down from their posts on completion of Carson Yeung's takeover in Autumn 2009. The Birmingham manager at the time, Alex McLeish, praised the Sullivan-Gold duo in the media for providing the club with financial stability, stating he respected them a lot for what they had achieved.

West Ham United
On Sullivan's departure from Birmingham, he expressed his intentions to remain in football. Less than one year later in January 2010, he and David Gold acquired a 50% share in West Ham United giving them operational and commercial control and valuing the Premier League club at £105 million. Brady, who had also played a significant role in turning around City's fortunes, joined the Hammers as vice-chairman.

On the day the takeover was confirmed, an emotional Sullivan said: "It's going to take time to sink in. We've been wanting to sit here for 20 years and together we owned 27 per cent of the club 22 years ago and it's taken us 22 years to get to where want to be. Both me and David are supporters, I went to university here and I lived in Hornchurch. David lived 50 yards from the ground for 20 years of his life and played for West Ham's youth team. We just want to be here where we've always wanted to be. There is no other club we would want to be at so for us we have come home and that's what it's all about."

Within five months the Sullivan and Gold duo pledged a further commitment to the club and on 25 May 2010 they increased their stake to 60% (Sullivan with 30%). Vice-chairman Karren Brady later explained the move gave the football club "the much-needed stability."

In September 2012, Sullivan revealed that together with Gold they were personally funding the club's transfer business. As part of his long-term aspirations for the club, Sullivan backed West Ham's bid to move into the Olympic Stadium in Stratford. On 22 March 2013, West Ham secured a 99-year lease deal, with the stadium planned to be used as their home ground from the 2016–2017 season. In July 2013, Sullivan became the largest single shareholder of West Ham United acquiring a further 25% of shares in the club. In March 2018, there were protests against Sullivan at the London Stadium during a 3–0 home defeat to Burnley. There were four pitch invasions and Sullivan was escorted from his seat before the end of the match. Sullivan was also hit by a coin thrown by one of the supporters.

On 26 March 2018, an HMRC tax tribunal ruled that Sullivan had used West Ham United to avoid paying £700,000 tax for his own family business, Conegate Ltd. Sullivan used Conegate to buy £2 million of shares in the holding company that owns West Ham. The same day the shares were converted to "deferred shares", deemed practically worthless and sold back for £1 back to the holding company. Conegate thereby used the £2 million loss to reduce its tax bill.

Hornchurch
Hornchurch's season in the Isthmian League Premier Division was suspended in November 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and they were unable to play any league football. During this time they were financially supported by Sullivan who once lived in Hornchurch.

Personal life
Sullivan lives in Birch Hall, near Theydon Bois, Essex. It was built by Ashby and Horner to Sullivan's design in 1992 and set in around 12 acres (49,000 m2) of land, at a cost of £7.5 million for the land and building. This is in addition to a commercial property empire worth an estimated £500 million. His girlfriend is Ampika Pickston, star of The Real Housewives of Cheshire. Sullivan has two children, David and Jack with ex-girlfriend Emma Benton-Hughes.

Sullivan is a philanthropist and has been a patron of Prostate Cancer UK for over 15 years. He is also an active supporter of the Teenage Cancer Trust along with several other charities nationwide. Sullivan celebrated West Ham's promotion to the Premier League in May 2012 by donating a five figure sum to a charity for children with autism. In October 2020, Sullivan donated £25,000 to help combat child food poverty. His donation was given to FareShare who contribute to the Child Food Poverty Taskforce, founded by Marcus Rashford.

title: David Sullivan (businessman)


text:
Museum of Eroticism

Museum of Eroticism (French: Musée de l'érotisme) was a sex museum in Paris devoted to the erotic art collections of antique dealer Alain Plumey and French teacher Jo Khalifa. It closed its doors on November 7, 2016.

History
Founded in 1997, the museum was situated in the Pigalle district of Paris, at 72 Boulevard de Clichy. The collection ranged from the ancient religious art of India, Japan and Africa right up to contemporary art with an erotic focus. There were five floors, including a basement exhibition. One floor was devoted to maisons closes, the legal brothels of the 19th and early 20th century.

The film Polisson et galipettes was shown; it is a collection of pornographic shorts formerly exhibited in the maisons closes. The upper two floors had revolving exhibitions, mainly of contemporary artists. It was visited by the main character in the novel Merde Actually, the sequel to A Year in the Merde.

In 2013, erotic artist Namio Harukawa exhibited "Garden of Domina" at the museum, which featured art of dominatrixes facesitting on submissive males.

After the owner of the building refused to renew the lease, the museum closed to the public on November 7, 2016, and the entire collection was auctioned off.

title: Museum of Eroticism


text:
Chicago Mustangs (1967–68)

The Chicago Mustangs were an American professional soccer team based out of Chicago, Illinois, and were a charter member of the United Soccer Association (USA) in 1967. When the USA and rival National Professional Soccer League (NPSL) merged in 1968 to form the North American Soccer League (NASL), the team moved to the new league. The Mustangs played its home matches at Comiskey Park. The team folded at the conclusion of the 1968 NASL season.

History
In 1966 several groups of entrepreneurs were exploring the idea of forming a professional soccer league in United States. One of these groups, United Soccer Association (USA) led by Jack Kent Cooke, selected 12 cities for team locations and Arthur Allyn Jr., co-owner with his brother of the Chicago White Sox, was awarded the Chicago franchise. Stu Holcomb, athletic director at Northwestern University, was hired to act as the team's general manager. The USA originally planned to start play in the spring of 1968; however the rival National Professional Soccer League, which secured a TV contract from CBS, announced it was ready to launch in 1967. Not wanting to let the rival league gain an advantage, the USA decided to launch early. Not having secured any player contracts, the league imported teams from Europe, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay to represent the franchise cities. Italian team Cagliari Calcio was brought over to play as the Mustangs.

The Mustangs opened the season on May 27, 1967, in Chicago at Comiskey Park with a 1-0 loss to the Dallas Tornado with 5,872 fan in attendance. The Mustangs finished the 1967 season in third place of the Western Division with a record of 3 wins 7 ties and 2 loses and an average attendance of 4,207.

With the merger of the United Soccer Association and the National Professional Soccer League it was announced that Chicago would be one of the 20-teams in play in the North American Soccer League (NASL). The Mustangs finished the 1968 NASL season in second place of the Lakes Division with a record of 13 wins 9 ties and 10 loses and an average attendance of 2,463. By January 1969, ten of the NASL's 17 franchises had folded and the Mustangs dropped down to the semi-professional National Soccer League and eventually folded.

title: Chicago Mustangs (1967–68)


text:
Randy Newman (album)

Randy Newman is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Randy Newman, released in 1968 by Reprise Records. The album is sometimes referred to as Randy Newman Creates Something New Under the Sun, written on the reverse of the album sleeve. Newman had been a noted songwriter for some years prior to the release of his debut, which was advertised as sounding "like a greatest hits". In contrast to his later albums which usually feature Newman and his piano with a rock backing, Randy Newman is highly orchestral.

Randy Newman was not a commercial success. It never dented the Billboard Top 200; indeed, according to Ken Tucker, the album sold so poorly that Warner offered buyers the opportunity to trade the album for another in the company's catalog. The album was out of print for over 15 years until it was issued on CD in 1995, remastered by Lee Herschberg. Randy Newman has received critical attention in recent years. In 2000, it was placed number 716 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums. In 2017, the album was ranked the 97th greatest album of the 1960s by Pitchfork.

Details
Newman later commented on the lack of influence from rock and roll on the album.

"'It's like I'd never heard The Rolling Stones. I thought you could move things along just with the orchestra, that it was somehow cheating to use drums. What Van Dyke and I, and Harry Nilsson to some degree, were doing, it was like a branch of homo sapiens that didn't become homo sapiens. Homo erectus,' he said."

Newman said in 2017, that he signed away the publishing rights on his first album, does not see any money from people doing covers of those songs, and advised people getting into the business to never sign away their publishing.

Previous versions of songs on this album
As with many of Newman's early albums, several Newman-penned songs had been previously recorded by other artists.

 * "I Think It's Going to Rain Today", was originally recorded and released by Julius LaRosa in 1966. It had also been covered in 1966/67 by Judy Collins, Eric Burdon, and others.
 * "Living Without You" was issued as a single (under the title "So Hard Living Without You") by Keith Shields in February 1967.
 * "Love Story" was released as a single by The Brothers in August 1967.
 * "So Long Dad" was released as a single by Manfred Mann in September 1967.
 * The Alan Price Set issued recordings of "Living Without You", "Bet No One Ever Hurt This Bad" (as "No One Ever Hurt So Bad") and "So Long Dad" on their 1967 album A Price On His Head.

Singles
"I Think It's Going to Rain Today" b/w "The Beehive State" was issued as a single on Reprise 0284. Reprise also issued this single on a promotional 10" vinyl 78 rpm record as the first (and only) release under their proposed "Reprise Speed Series" of 78 RPM releases (the series was discontinued by Reprise due to a lack of interest and sales a few months after this release).

Reception
Bruce Grimes of Rolling Stone described the album as being characterized by a "mood of a bitter longing for affection". Noting that English record producer Denny Cordell had dubbed Newman “the foremost practitioner of suburban blues,” Grimes continued: "certainly 'Love Story' is the blues of Middle America. The song marks out a simple pattern of life: boy meets girl, gets married, lives in suburbia, has children, dies. Randy moves in on The Dream in an uncommon way: 'When our kids are grown/They’ll send us away to a little home in Florida/ We’ll play checkers all day/Till we pass away.'"

Legacy
Critic Ellen Willis feels that the songs on the album, "show an intimate familiarity with, and an affection for, all the nuances of American life - the setting and characters, the family relationships, the romantic fantasies, the euphemisms - as well as an unsparing awareness of our oppression of old people, fat people, and other nonmainstream types."

William Ruhlmann in an AllMusic retrospective review feels that Newman's lyrics are "intent upon taking clichés and using them to satirize social conventions, a popular parlor game in the late '60s." Overall he considers the album "an audacious first album by a major, if extremely quirky, talent."

In 2000 it was voted number 716 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.

Track listing
All songs written and arranged by Randy Newman.

 * 1) "Love Story (You and Me)" – 3:20
 * 2) "Bet No One Ever Hurt This Bad" – 2:00
 * 3) "Living Without You" – 2:25
 * 4) "So Long Dad" – 2:02
 * 5) "I Think He's Hiding" – 3:04
 * 6) "Linda" – 2:27
 * 7) "Laughing Boy" – 1:55
 * 8) "Cowboy" – 2:36
 * 9) "The Beehive State" – 1:50
 * 10) "I Think It's Going to Rain Today" – 2:55
 * 11) "Davy the Fat Boy" – 2:50

Personnel
• Randy Newman – vocals, piano

• Anthony Terran – trumpet on "Cowboy"

• Herb Ellis – guitar

• Jim Horn – saxophone

• Plas Johnson – saxophone

• Larry Knechtel – guitar, bass guitar, keyboards

• Carol Kaye – bass guitar

• Al Casey – guitar

• Milt Bernhart – trombone

• Mike Deasy – guitar

• Ron Elliott – guitar

• Lyle Ritz – bass guitar

• Jim Gordon – drums

• Tommy Morgan – harmonica

• Ray Kelley – cello

• Ted Nash – saxophone

• Don Bagley – bass guitar

• James Burton – guitar

• Israel Baker – violin

• Arnold Belnick – violin

• Harold Bemko – cello

• Harry Bluestone – violin

• Samuel Boghossian – viola

• Gene Cipriano – saxophone

• Gary Coleman – percussion, including mallets

• Nick DeCaro – piano, accordion

• Frank DeCaro – guitar

• James Decker – French horn

• David Duke – French horn

• Carl Fortina – accordion

• Frederick Seykora – cello

• James Getzoff – flute

• Joe Gibbons – guitar

• William Green – saxophone

• Dick Hyde – trombone

• Armand Karpoff – cello

• Louis Kievman – viola

• William Kurash – violin

• Michael Lang – piano

• Don Lanier – guitar

• Gary LeVant – harmonica

• Leonard Malarsky – violin

• Lew McCreary – trombone

• Jay Migliori – saxophone

• Sid Miller – saxophone

• Ollie Mitchell – trumpet

• Louis Morell – guitar

• Richard Perissi – French horn

• Bill Perkins – saxophone

• Jerome Reisler – violin

• Victor Sazer – cello

• Ralph Schaeffer – violin

• Wilbur Schwartz – saxophone

• Leonard Selic – viola

• Sid Sharp – violin

• Tommy Tedesco – guitar

• Sal Valentino – guitar, vocals

• Tibor Zelig – violin

• Hubert Anderson – percussion, including mallets

• Joseph Difiore – viola

• William Hinshaw – French horn

• Thomas Scott – saxophone

• Harold Ayties – viola

• Jesse Emrlich – cello

• Elizabeth Ershoff – harp

• David Filerman – cello

• Gene Garf – piano, organ

• Jan Hlinka – viola

• Norm Jeffries – drums

• Gordon Pope – saxophone

• Jimmy Rowles – piano

• Joseph Tullio – cello

• William Weiss – violin

• Bobby Knight – trombone
 * Technical
 * Lee Herschberg – engineer, supervisor
 * Tommy LiPuma – engineer
 * Ed Thrasher – art direction
 * Guy Webster – cover photography

title: Randy Newman (album)


text:
Caribous of Colorado

The Caribous of Colorado were an American soccer team that competed in the North American Soccer League (NASL) during the 1978 season. The team was based in Denver, Colorado and played their home games at Mile High Stadium. After the season, the club was sold and moved to Atlanta to become the Atlanta Chiefs.

History
At the conclusion of the 1975 North American Soccer League season, the Denver Dynamos, playing only their second season, moved to Minnesota and became the Minnesota Kicks, leaving the city without a professional soccer team. During the NASL league annual meetings in December 1976, Booth Gardner and James Guercio were awarded a NASL franchise for Denver for the 1978 season. Gardner, former owner of the defunct Tacoma Tides of the American Soccer League (and future governor of Washington state), partnered with music producer Guercio (owner of the Caribou Ranch recording studio), paying a cool million dollars for the franchise. The team name of Caribous of Colorado was announced on May 31, 1977. Dave Clements, who played for the 1977 Soccer Bowl champion New York Cosmos, was hired as a player/coach. In April 1978, Dan Wood, previously coach of the Tacoma Tides and Cornell University men's soccer team, was named general manager.

The Caribous opened the 1978 North American Soccer League season on the road, losing 3–0 to the Seattle Sounders at the Kingdome on April 1, 1978. After 20 games and a 6-14 record, Clements was fired as head coach and replaced by Dan Woods; things did not improve, as the club lost eight of their last ten matches to finish with a 8-22 mark and a league-worst 81 points. Colorado's offense was bad with only 34 goals, also last in the NASL (Clements' Cosmos teammate Jomo Sono led the Caribous with eight) and so was attendance (7,418 per match, with only one crowd in five figures all year). After the season, the club was purchased and moved to Atlanta to become the (new) Atlanta Chiefs.

Uniforms
The lasting legacy of the Caribous is one of the most unusual, infamous uniforms in soccer history. Going with a western-style motif, the players wore brown and tan jerseys that included a strip of leather fringe across the chest. In 2009, the uniforms were voted the "worst soccer uniform in history" by the readers of the Uni Watch sports design site.

On April 1, 2014, the Colorado Rapids of MLS announced the club would wear Caribou "throwback" jerseys for an upcoming home game. It was quickly revealed as an April Fools joke, but not before the team was swamped with calls and e-mails from fans wondering where they could buy replicas of the infamous duds.

Coaches

 * Dave Clements
 * Dan Wood

title: Caribous of Colorado


text:
Rokytno

Rokytno is a municipality and village in Pardubice District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants.

Administrative parts
The villages of Bohumileč and Drahoš are administrative parts of Rokytno.

Etymology
The name is derived from rokytí. It is an old Czech term for willows which grew here in swampy areas.

Geography
Rokytno is located about 10 km northeast of Pardubice. It lies in the East Elbe Table, in the Polabí region. The Bohumilečský pond is situated west of the village.

The Přesypy u Rokytna Nature Reserve is a unique area of sand dunes overgrown with pine forest. With an area of 7 ha, it is considered to be the largest Czech desert.

History
The first written mention of Rokytno is from 1436. During the 18th century, the village, together with Chvojenec and Býšť, was the centre of persecuted religious sect of Deists called blouznivci. During the industrialization at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, two brickyards were built here.

The village of Drahoš was founded in 1782. It was settled by German-speaking farmers from the Province of Silesia.

Transport
The D35 motorway runs through the municipality.

Sights
Rokytno is poor in monuments. The only protected cultural monument is a stone road bridge dating from 1834.

title: Rokytno


text:
Automotive design

Automotive design is the process of developing the appearance (and to some extent the ergonomics) of motor vehicles, including automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, buses, coaches, and vans.

The functional design and development of a modern motor vehicle is typically done by a large team from many different disciplines also included within automotive engineering, however, design roles are not associated with requirements for professional- or chartered-engineer qualifications. Automotive design in this context focuses primarily on developing the visual appearance or aesthetics of vehicles, while also becoming involved in the creation of product concepts. Automotive design as a professional vocation is practiced by designers who may have an art background and a degree in industrial design or in transportation design. For the terminology used in the field, see the glossary of automotive design.

Design elements

The task of the design team is usually split into three main aspects: exterior design, interior design, and color and trim design. Graphic design is also an aspect of automotive design; this is generally shared amongst the design team as the lead designer sees fit. The design focuses not only on the isolated outer shape of automobile parts, but concentrates on the combination of form and function, starting from the vehicle package.

The aesthetic value will need to correspond to ergonomic functionality and utility features as well. In particular, vehicular electronic components and parts will give more challenges to automotive designers who are required to update on the latest information and knowledge associated with emerging vehicular gadgetry, particularly dashtop mobile devices, like GPS navigation, satellite radio, HD radio, mobile TV, MP3 players, video playback, and smartphone interfaces. Though not all the new vehicular gadgets are to be designated as factory standard items, some of them may be integral to determining the future course of any specific vehicular models.

Exterior design
The design team(s) responsible for the exterior of the vehicle develops the proportions, shape, and surface details of the vehicle. Exterior design is first done by a series of manual sketches and digital drawings. Progressively, more detailed drawings are executed and approved by appropriate layers of management, followed by digital rendering to images. Consumer feedback is generally sought at this point to help iteratively refine vehicle concepts according to the targeted market and will continue throughout the rest of the design refinement process. After more progressive refinement, industrial plasticine and or digital models are developed from and along with the drawings and images. The data from these models are then used to create quarter-scale and finally full-sized mock-ups of the final design. With three- and five-axis CNC milling machines, the clay model is first designed in a computer program and then "carved" using the machine and large amounts of clay. Even in times of photorealistic (three-dimensional) software and virtual models on power walls, the clay model is still the most important tool for a final evaluation of the exterior design of a vehicle and, therefore, is used throughout the industry.

Interior design
The designer responsible for the vehicles' interior develops the proportions, shape, placement, and surfaces for the instrument panel, seats, door trim panels, headliner, pillar trims, etc. Here the emphasis is on ergonomics and the comfort of the passengers. The procedure here is the same as with exterior design (sketch, digital model, and clay model).

Color and trim design
The color and trim (or color and materials) designer is responsible for the research, design, and development of all interior and exterior colors and materials used on a vehicle. These include paints, plastics, fabric designs, leather, grains, carpet, headliner, wood trim, and so on. Color, contrast, texture, and pattern must be carefully combined to give the vehicle a unique interior environment experience. Designers work closely with exterior and interior designers.

Designers draw inspiration from other design disciplines such as industrial design, fashion, home furnishing, architecture, and sometimes product design. Specific research is done into global trends to design for projects two to three model years in the future. Trend boards are created from this research to keep track of design influences as they relate to the automotive industry. The designer then uses this information to develop themes and concepts that are then further refined and tested on the vehicle models.

Graphic design
The design team also develops graphics for items, such as badges, decals, dials, switches, kick or tread strips, or liveries.

Computer-Aided Design and Class-A development
The sketches and rendering are transformed into 3D digital surface modeling and rendering for real-time evaluation with Math data in the initial stages. During the development process succeeding phases will require the 3D model fully developed to meet the aesthetic requirements of a designer as well as all engineering and manufacturing requirements. The fully developed CAS digital model will be re-developed for manufacturing meeting the Class-A surface standards that involve both technical as well as aesthetics. A Product Engineering team will further develop this data. These modelers usually have a background in industrial design or sometimes tooling engineering in the case of some Class-A modelers. Autodesk Alias and ICEM Surf are the two most widely used software tools for Class-A development. Uniform surface continuity is critical to ensure Class-A surface standards. The continuity of the areas is between the quality grades G0 through G3, with G3 guaranteeing the cleanest patch-to-patch transitions.

Design development cycle
Several manufacturers have slightly varied development cycles for designing an automobile, but in practice, these are the following: The design process occurs concurrently with other product engineers who will be engineering the styling data for meeting performance, manufacturing, and safety regulations. From mid-phase, back-and-forth interactions between the designers and product engineers culminate into a finished product being manufacturing-ready.
 * Design and consumer research
 * Concept development sketching
 * CAS (Computer Aided Styling)
 * Clay modeling
 * Interior buck model
 * Vehicle ergonomics
 * Class-A Surface Development
 * Color and trim
 * Vehicle graphics

Apart from this the engineering team parallelly works in the following areas. Product Engineering (Body In White Sheetmetal Design and Plastic engineering), NVH Development team, Prototype development, Powertrain engineering, Physical Vehicle validation, Tool and Die development, and Manufacturing process design.

Development team
The design team for a specific model consists of a chief designer and an exterior as well as an interior designer. In some cases, all three roles are done by one designer. Several junior designers are involved in the development process as well and make specific contributions all overseen by the chief designer. Apart from this, the color and trim designer works closely with other designers. The clay model team and digital model team work closely with the styling team all located within the studio. Apart from this, there would be studio heads, studio managers, and prototype engineers who would work across all teams in the studio. The total team size for developing a full car usually ranges from 25 to 40 members and the development time lasts for more than 24 months until signed-off for tooling and production. After that, a smaller team would be working until the vehicle launch.

United States

In the United States, automotive design reached a turning point in the 1920s when the American national automobile market began reaching saturation. To maintain unit sales, General Motors head Alfred P. Sloan Jr. suggested annual model-year design changes to convince car owners that they needed to buy a new replacement each year, an idea borrowed from the bicycle industry (though Sloan usually gets the credit or blame). Critics called his strategy planned obsolescence. Sloan preferred the term "dynamic obsolescence". This strategy had far-reaching effects on the auto business, the field of product design, and eventually the American economy.

The smaller automakers could not maintain the pace and expense of yearly re-styling. Henry Ford did not like the model-year change because he clung to an engineer's notions of simplicity, the economics of scale, and design integrity. GM surpassed Ford's sales in 1931 and became the dominant company in the industry thereafter. The frequent design changes also made it necessary to use a body-on-frame rather than the lighter but less adaptable monocoque design used by most European automakers.

In the 1930s, Chrysler's innovations with aerodynamics helped launch the Chrysler Airflow in 1934, which was revolutionary and radical compared to contemporary vehicles. However, inadequate consumer acceptance of the advanced appearance of the cars forced a re-design of succeeding models of the Airflow. This marketing experience made the entire industry take note of the high risks involved in incorporating major design advancements into their production cars.

A major influence on American auto styling and marketing was Harley Earl, who is credited with inventing the idea of a concept car, and who brought the tailfin and other aeronautical design references to auto design starting with the rear fenders of the 1948 Cadillac. Another notable designer was Chrysler group's designer Virgil Exner, who developed the Forward look design in the mid-1950s. Exner is also credited with using wind tunnel testing to justify incorporating tailfins, thus moving the company away from boxy-looking cars into more aerodynamic and futuristic designs that were influenced by rockets after WWII. Other influential automotive designers include Raymond Loewy, who was responsible for a number of Studebaker vehicles such as the Avanti, and Gordon Buehrig, who was responsible for the Auburn 851, as well as the Cord 810 and 812.

Starting in the 1960s, Dick Teague, who spent most of his career with American Motors Corporation (AMC), originated the concept of using interchangeable body panels so as to create a wide array of different vehicles using the same stampings, starting with the AMC Cavalier. Teague was responsible for automotive designs such as the two-seat AMC AMX muscle car, the subcompact Gremlin, the Pacer, and Matador coupe, as well as the original and market segment-creating, Jeep Cherokee.

Additionally during the 1960s, Ford's first-generation Ford Mustang and Thunderbird marked another era leading into new market segments from Detroit. The Ford Mustang achieved record sales in its first year of production and established the pony car segment.

Personal injury litigation has affected the design and appearance of the car in the 20th century.

Europe

Until World War I, most automakers were concerned with mechanical reliability rather than the external appearance of their cars. Later, luxury and aesthetics became a demand, and also an effective marketing tool. Designs from each nation with their own strong cultural identity are reflected in their exterior and interior designs. World War II slowed the progress, but after the early 1950s, Italian designers set the trend and remained the driving force until the early part of the 1980s.

France

In France notable designs came from Bugatti and Avions Voisin. Of the mass-selling cars, Citroën launched their vehicles with innovative designs and engineering, aided by the styling of Flaminio Bertoni as evident from the Citroën DS. After World War II, with the decline of the coachbuilding industry, French automakers (except Citroën) followed British and other popular trends until they gained financial stability. During the 1980s, manufacturers like Renault cultivated their own strong design identities with designers like Patrick Le Quément. Peugeot, which was dependent on Pininfarina since the early post-war period, later established its own brand identity from the 1980s onwards. Its other company, Citroën, still retains its distinctive French innovations for its designs.

Great Britain

Great Britain was Europe's leading manufacturer of automobiles until the late-1960s. During that era, there were more British-based automakers than in the rest of Europe combined. The British automobile industry catered to all segments ranging from compact, budget, sports, utility, and luxury-type cars. Car design in Britain was markedly different from other European designs largely because British designers were not influenced by other European art or design movements, as well as the British clay modelers, used a different sweep set.

British cars until World War II were sold in most of the British colonies. Innovations in vehicle packaging and chassis engineering combined with global familiarity with British designs meant vehicles were acceptable to public tastes at that time. British skilled resources such as panel beaters, die machinists, and clay modelers were also available partly due to their involvement with the motorsport industry.

Still, during the 1960s, British manufacturers sought professional help from Italian designers and studios such as Giovanni Michelotti, Ercole Spada, and Pininfarina. Notable British contributions to automobile designs were the Morris Mini by Alec Issigonis, several Jaguar Cars by Sir William Lyons and Malcolm Sayer, Aston Martin DB Series, and several cars from Triumph and MG. Ford Europe, based in Great Britain, is notable for the Ford Sierra line, a work of Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz, and Patrick le Quément. Other notable British designers include William Towns for Aston Martin, and David Bache for Land Rover and Range Rover, and Ian Callum for Jaguar.

In the late 1980s, Royden Axe (previously Chrysler UK Design Director) and Gordon Sked along with Gerry McGovern produced most notably the MGF and Rover 800

During the complex changes in the British car industry in the 1990's and beyond a mix of designers worked on all of the remaining mainstream brands under one design director and in one studio. The director most involved was Geoff Upex, with his team of Richard Woolley, Dave Saddington, George Thomson, Alan Mobberley, and Martin Peach (colour and trim). Together they created the Rover 75, 45, and 25 (previously 400 and 200) the L322 Range Rover, the T5 platform-based Discovery and Range Rover sport, the Freelander 2, and the Mini as requested by BMW before the company was sold

Germany
Germany is often considered the birthplace of industrial design with the Bauhaus School of Design, before it was closed down by the Nazi regime. Ferdinand Porsche and his family played a significant role in German design. Mercedes-Benz passenger cars were also in the luxury segment and played an important role in German car design. After the 1980s, German design evolved into a distinctive Teutonic style often to complement their highly engineered cars suited to Autobahns. The early German design clues of the present-day owe some part to Italian designers like Giovanni Michelotti, Ercole Spada, Bruno Sacco, and Giorgetto Giugiaro. During the mid- and late-20th century one of the most influential coach builders/designers in Germany was Karmann.

German designs started gaining popularity after the 1980s, notable after the formation of Audi. Volkswagen, which was dependent on Marcello Gandini, Giorgetto Giugiaro, and Karmann, later formed the contemporary design language along with Audi. BMW entered the automobile design with sporty-looking everyday sedans using Giovanni Michelotti. These models were later enhanced by Ercole Spada into the 1980s, and Klaus Luthe until the mid-1990s. The American-born designer Chris Bangle was hired by BMW in the late-1990s to redefine the brand. Bangle incorporated new single-press technology for compound curves to add controversial styling elements to his designs.

The Porsche family contribution was instrumental in the evolution of Porsche cars, while the Italian designer Bruno Sacco helped create various Mercedes Models from the 1960s to the 1990s.

Italy
In Italy, Fiat and Alfa Romeo played a major role in car design. Many coachbuilders were dependent on these two major manufacturers. Italian manufacturers had a large presence in motorsports leading to several sport car manufacturers like Ferrari, Lancia, Lamborghini, Maserati, etc. During the late-1950s, Italian automobile designs gained global popularity coinciding with the modern fashion and architecture at that time around the world. Various design and technical schools in Turin turned out designers on a large scale. By the late-1960s, almost all Italian coachbuilders transformed into design studios catering to automakers around the world. The trend continued in the 1990s when the Japanese and Korean manufacturers sourced designs from these styling studios. One example is Pininfarina.

Some Italian designers whose design services were sought globally include Giovanni Michelotti, Ercole Spada, Bruno Sacco, Marcello Gandini, Giorgetto Giugiaro, and Walter de Silva.

Scandinavia

Sweden had Volvo and Saab as domestic automakers, and the nation's northern location required that cars needed to withstand Nordic climate conditions. The Scandinavian design elements are known for their minimalism and simplicity. One of the early original Scandinavian designs was the Saab 92001 by Sixten Sason and Gunnar Ljungström. Koenigsegg, founded in the 1990s, became Sweden's first domestic producer of high end sports cars, with many of their models featuring in house designs by Swedish designers.

Czechoslovakia

Before World War II and until the early-1990s, Czechoslovakia had a strong presence in the automotive industry with manufacturers like Skoda, Jawa, Tatra, CZ, Praga, and Zetor. Czech automobiles were generally known for their originality in mechanical simplicity and designs were remarkably Bohemian as evident from Tatra cars and Jawa motorcycles. During the Communist regime, the design started falling back and ultimately the domestic automakers ended up as subsidiaries of EU-based companies.

title: Automotive design


text:
Marcel Granet

Marcel Granet (29 February 1884 – 25 November 1940) was a French sociologist, ethnologist and sinologist. As a follower of Émile Durkheim and Édouard Chavannes, Granet was one of the first to bring sociological methods to the study of China. Granet was revered in his own time as a sociological sinologist, or sinological sociologist, and member of the Durkheimian school of sociology.

Biography
Granet was born in Luc-en-Diois (Drôme), France. His father was an engineer, and his grandfather, a landowner. He attended lycée at Aix-en-Provence and then at the prestigious Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris, which traditionally attracted bright students striving to gain entrance to the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. Granet passed the baccalauréat examination and entered the École Normale in 1904, just as the tumultuous Dreyfus Affair was coming to a close and the French educational system was changing. The École Normale was reunited with the University of Paris at the Sorbonne in 1903, and the former's students, called normaliens, took classes at the Sorbonne with University students. Émile Durkheim, the sociologist and founder of Année Sociologique in 1898, who would greatly influence the life and work of Granet, began teaching a course on pedagogy at the Sorbonne—it was compulsory for all students from 1904 until 1913. Therefore, Granet first became introduced to Durkheim and his theories during his first year at the École. At the École Normale, Granet embraced philosophy, law, and history, along with sociology, though his work in any field would adopt a Durkheimian character. He became part of an elite group of students which included future medieval historian and founder of the Annales school of history Marc Bloch, the geographer Philippe Arbos, sociologist Georges Davy, Hellenist and future librarian of the École Normale Paul Étard, mathematician Paul Lévy, and more. In 1905, Granet joined a socialist study group whose membership included Durkheimian sociologist, anthropologist, major contributor to the Année and nephew of Durkheim himself, Marcel Mauss; future ancient Greek specialist and editor of Année Louis Gernet; and future Durkheimian sociologist, philosopher and contributor to Année, Maurice Halbwachs. After earning his agrégation in history in 1907, Granet was appointed to teach history at a lycée at Bastia, on the island of Corsica. In 1908, he received a grant through the Fondation Thiers to pursue research on feudalism. He apparently spoke to Lucien Herr—the librarian of the École Normale from 1888 to 1926 who was associated with Durkheim and his students, and who was active in the socialist movement and the Dreyfus Affair—who advised Granet, when the latter thought of considering the Japanese case, to seek the advice of respected sinologist Edouard Chavannes, then apparently the nearest Granet could get in Paris to an expert on Japan. Chavannes in turn counseled Granet to begin with Chinese as the necessary first step towards Japanese studies, warning him that he would get entangled in Chinese, never to reach Japanese. Granet spent three years at Thiers, working alongside fellow pensioners Bloch and Louis Gernet, both former normaliens. Granet's own work on feudalism, often framed in Durkheimian sociological theory, apparently influenced and oriented the work of Bloch and Gernet, in particular Bloch's interest in rites and myths. In 1911, Granet published his first work, a socialist pamphlet titled “Contre l’alcoolisme, un programme socialiste,” and that same year, left the Fondation Thiers upon receiving a grant from the French government to study classical Chinese texts in China. Interest in the country was high at the time. In Beijing (then known in anglophone countries as "Peking"), he met the Frenchman who possessed great knowledge of Chinese and Chinese scholars. In 1912 Granet sent Chavannes a paper, “Coutumes matrimoniales de la Chine antique” upon the latter's request, which Chavannes submitted for publication in the T’oung Pao, a major sinological journal. In March of that year, Granet was caught in the middle of the Chinese revolution, as the Republic of China was replacing the Qing dynasty. Granet wrote to friends at home, “We pack up: the twenty-four historians, in their frail cases, decorated with green characters, make a shaky structure. The Année Sociologique is in my hand bag. I stuff my suitcases.” (Freedman) Upon returning from China in 1913, Granet earned a teaching position in the history department at the Lycée de Marseille in March, and in October, at the Lycée de Montpellier. In December, he replaced Chavannes as Directeur d’Études pour les religions d’Extrême-Orient at the École Pratique des Hautes Études, after Chavannes resigned his post. Like most men of his era, and of his promotion, Granet served in World War I from 1914–1918, earning the Croix de Guerre. He stayed briefly in Beijing in 1918 while on a mission there. Throughout the war he continued his studies of China and worked on two doctoral theses. In 1919, Granet returned to France and in June, married Marie Terrien, after which he resumed his academic life. In January 1920, he was examined for his doctorate, the jury for which included the British anthropologist Sir James Frazer. In 1922, upon a request from Maurice Solovine to write a short book for the series “science et civilization,” Granet composed La religion des Chinois (The Religion of the Chinese People) in six weeks while traveling back and forth between Paris and Tonnerre (Yonne), where his wife taught at a lycée and cared for their infant son. In December 1922, Granet replaced Mauss, when the latter scalded his foot, as a member of the committee for Georges Davy's thesis, “The Swearing of Faith,” and subsequently published harsh criticism of it in the Journal de Psychologie Normale et Pathologie. Acknowledging the decline of Année following Durkheim's death in 1917, several Durkheimians met in March 1923 in Paris to design a plan to resuscitate the journal. Also in attendance at the meeting were Henri Hubert, Henri and Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, and Mauss. Granet was to work on the sections of religious sociology and legal sociology. In 1925, he was named professor of geography, history, and institutions of the Far East at the École Nationale des Langues Orientales Vivantes, and in 1926, helped to establish the Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises. From then on, he acted there as administrator and professor of Chinese and Chinese civilization. Two years after his friend and colleague Mauss became president of the fifth section of religious science at l’École Pratique, Britain declared war on Germany, and in 1940, Granet replaced his friend upon the latter's resignation. Mauss, of Jewish heritage, sought to “safeguard the interests” of the school. (Fournier) One month later, after the defeat of the French Republic, Granet died at Sceaux, outside Paris, at the age of 56. Mauss had considered Granet “one of [his] best and most beloved friends.” (Fournier) As a teacher, Granet, “a bristling and cantankerous disputant, a rich mind powerfully stimulating those of others” (Gille) apparently instructed his students to “read slowly and always slowly.” According to one student, Polish sinologist Witold Jablonski, Granet did “not care for popularity”: "He is a scholar, he is a thinker, sometimes, perhaps, a wizard.” (Jablonski) The sinologist shared his commitment to learning the language of the texts he studied, and analyzing all materials, whether primary or secondary, critically. He divided his teaching into the mythique and the juridique (the latter primarily consisting of rights and duties of kinship and marriage), though he did not necessarily succeed in eliciting in his students the same enthusiasm he possessed for both areas simultaneously. Among his students were also Korean-Japanese Itsuo Tsuda, who developed the école de la respiration and several future sinologists. Granet's work, meanwhile, brought Durkheimian sociology into the classical Chinese realm, from his analysis of the Book of Odes to a sociological study of Chinese numerology. Although he is remembered as a significant figure of both Durkheimian sociology and French sinology, his two roles are rarely recognized or thoroughly understood in tandem.

Essays

 * “Contre l’alcoolisme, un programme socialiste,” 1911
 * “Coutumes matrimoniales de la Chine antique”, 1912
 * “La polygynie sororale et sororat dans la Chine féodale”, 1920
 * “Quelques particularités de la langue et de la pensée chinoises”, 1920
 * “La vie et la mort. Croyances et doctrines de l’antiquité chinoise”
 * “Le dépôt de l’enfant sur le sol, Rites anciens et ordalies mythiques”, 1922
 * “Le langage de la douleur, d’après le rituel funéraire de la Chine classique”, 1922
 * “Remarques sur le Taoïsme ancien”, 1925
 * “L’esprit de la religion chinoise”, 1929
 * “La droite et la gauche en Chine”, 1933
 * “Catégories matrimoniales et relations de proximité dans la chine ancienne”, 1939
 * “Etudes sociologiques sur la Chine”, 1953

Major works

 * Fêtes et chansons anciennes de la Chine, 1919 ("To the memory of Emile Durkheim and Edouard Chavannes.")
 * La religion des Chinois, 1922 (The Religion of the Chinese People ISBN 978-0061319051)
 * Danses et légendes de la Chine ancienne, 1926 (dedicated to Marcel Mauss)
 * La civilisation chinoise, 1929
 * La pensée chinoise, 1934
 * La féodalité chinoise, 1952

title: Marcel Granet