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Lake Vermilion

Lake Vermilion is a shallow freshwater lake in northeastern Minnesota, United States. The Ojibwe originally called the lake Onamanii-zaaga'iganiing (occasionally anglicized as Nee-Man-Nee), which means “the evening sun tinting the water a reddish color”. French fur traders translated this to the Latin word Vermilion, which is a red pigment. Lake Vermilion is located between the towns of Tower on the east and Cook on the west, in the heart of Minnesota's Arrowhead Region at Vermilion Iron Range. The area was mined from the late 19th century until the 1960s, and the Soudan Mine operated just south of the lake.

The lake contains black crappie, bluegill, brown bullhead, largemouth bass, muskellunge (muskie), northern pike, pumpkinseed (sunfish), rock bass, smallmouth bass, tullibee (cisco), walleye, white sucker, and yellow perch. Lake Vermilion is known for its walleye and muskie fishing. In the spring of 2005, Lake Vermilion was host to the annual Minnesota Governor’s Fishing Opener Weekend. Many feel the increased population of muskies has had a detrimental effect on the walleye population. A four-walleye limit and a 17- to 26-inch protected slot limit took effect on Lake Vermilion in 2006. However, as the population rebounded, a new special regulation for walleye was introduced in May 2017. The new regulation is a 20 to 26 inch protected slot limit, with one fish over 26 inches allowed in a four fish possession limit.

The lake attracts visitors from all parts of Minnesota and the midwestern United States, who lodge at the lake's numerous resorts and hotels. Tourists are drawn by Lake Vermilion's reputation as a fishing destination, as well as its setting in the northern Minnesota wilderness. The lake is near the Superior National Forest and the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW).

The Minnesota DNR ranks Lake Vermilion as the fifth largest lake by surface area for bodies of water entirely within Minnesota borders. The surface area of Lake Vermilion is 39271 acre and has a maximum depth of 76 ft. It is located within the southernmost section of the Canadian Shield, and contains over 365 islands.

Some fish consumption guideline restrictions have, from time-to-time, been placed on some of the lake's fish due to mercury contamination. Consumption of Northern pike and walleye over 15 inches should not exceed twice a week, however vacation fishing consumption is unlimited.

In 2007, Governor Tim Pawlenty announced the state was negotiating the purchase from U.S. Steel of a large area of land on the southeastern shore of the lake for a proposed new Minnesota state park. The sale of the land at a cost of $18m was finalized in June 2010. Once the land was acquired, a new park was created, which included the purchased parcel and the existing Soudan Underground Mine State Park. The new park is called Lake Vermilion-Soudan Underground Mine State Park.

The Bois Forte Band of Chippewa has a small reservation on the lake, upon which is located Fortune Bay Resort and Casino.

The Stuntz Bay Boathouse Historic District was constructed in the first half of the 20th century by employees of the adjacent Soudan Iron Mine on the shores of the lake.

title: Lake Vermilion


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Legislative route (Minnesota)

In the U.S. state of Minnesota, a legislative route is a highway number defined by the Minnesota State Legislature. The routes from 1 to 70 are constitutional routes, defined as part of the Babcock Amendment to the Minnesota State Constitution, passed November 2, 1920. All of them were listed in the constitution until a 1974 rewrite. Though they are now listed separately in §161.114 of the Minnesota Statutes, the definitions are legally considered to be part of the constitution, and cannot be altered or removed without an amendment. Legislative routes with numbers greater than 70 can be added or deleted by the legislature.

Until 1933 Constitutional Routes corresponded exactly to the number marked on the highways, but this is no longer necessarily the case. In fact, it is common for CR highways to be composed of several different trunk highways. When the U.S. Highway system was created in 1926, many of these roads were made up of one or more U.S. highways. Today, they now use a mix of Minnesota state highways, U.S. highways, and Interstate highways.

Constitutional Route 1 is currently one of the most complex routes, composed of: However, the route can be considered to be superseded along almost its entire length by Interstate 35 (and I-35E) and Minnesota State Highway 61. By contrast, Constitutional Route 58 still has the same marked number and extent that it did in 1920.
 * U.S. Highway 65 from the Iowa border to Albert Lea, Minnesota
 * Interstate 35 to Faribault
 * Minnesota State Highway 3 and MN-149 to Saint Paul
 * U.S. Highway 61 to Wyoming
 * Interstate 35 to Rush City
 * Minnesota State Highway 361 to Rock Creek
 * Minnesota State Highway 23 through Hinckley
 * the MN-73/27 loop through Moose Lake
 * Interstate 35 between Moose Lake and MN-210
 * the MN-210/45 loop through Carlton
 * Interstate 35 to Duluth
 * Minnesota State Highway 61 to the Canadian border

There is some ambiguity in how literally the Minnesota Department of Transportation must interpret the constitutional routes. In some cases, the routes no longer directly serve communities for which they were once designated, but are routed along nearby highways instead.

Constitutional Routes 1–70

 * Constitutional Route 1: Iowa to Ontario via Albert Lea, Owatonna, Faribault, Northfield, Farmington, St. Paul, White Bear, Forest Lake, Wyoming, Rush City, Pine City, Hinckley, Sandstone, Moose Lake, Carlton, Duluth, Two Harbors, and Grand Marais
 * Constitutional Route 2: Duluth to North Dakota via Carlton, McGregor, Aitkin, Brainerd, Motley, Staples, Wadena, Detroit, and Moorhead
 * Constitutional Route 3: Wisconsin to North Dakota via La Crescent, Winona, Kellogg, Wabasha, Lake City, Red Wing, Hastings, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Osseo, Champlin, Anoka, Elk River, Big Lake, St. Cloud, Albany, Sauk Centre, Alexandria, Elbow Lake, Fergus Falls, and Breckenridge
 * Constitutional Route 4: Iowa to International Falls via Jackson, Windom, Sanborn, Redwood Falls, Morton, Olivia, Willmar, Paynesville, Sauk Centre, Long Prairie, Wadena, Park Rapids, Itasca State Park, and Bemidji
 * Constitutional Route 5: Iowa to Swan River via Blue Earth, Winnebago, Mankato, St. Peter, Le Sueur, Jordan, Shakopee, Minneapolis, Cambridge, Mora, and McGregor
 * Constitutional Route 6: Iowa to Manitoba via Luverne, Pipestone, Lake Benton, Ivanhoe, Canby, Madison, Bellingham, Odessa, Ortonville, Graceville, Dumont, Wheaton, Breckenridge, Moorhead, Kragnes, Georgetown, Perley, Hendrum, Ada, Crookston, Warren, Donaldson, and Hallock
 * Constitutional Route 7: Winona to South Dakota via St. Charles, Rochester, Kasson, Dodge Center, Claremont, Owatonna, Waseca, Mankato, St. Peter, New Ulm, Springfield, Tracy, and Lake Benton
 * Constitutional Route 8: Duluth to North Dakota via Floodwood, Swan River, Grand Rapids, Cass Lake, Bemidji, Bagley, Erskine, Crookston, and East Grand Forks
 * Constitutional Route 9: La Crescent to South Dakota via Hokah, Houston, Rushford, Lanesboro, Preston, Fountain, Spring Valley, Austin, Albert Lea, Blue Earth, Fairmont, Jackson, Worthington, and Luverne
 * Constitutional Route 10: Minneapolis to Wheaton via Montrose, Cokato, Litchfield, Willmar, Benson, Morris, and Herman
 * Constitutional Route 11: Duluth to Donaldson via Eveleth, Virginia, Cook, Orr, Cusson, International Falls, Baudette, Warroad, Roseau, and Greenbush
 * Constitutional Route 12: Wisconsin to Madison via St. Paul, Minneapolis, Hopkins, Norwood, Glencoe, Olivia, Granite Falls, Montevideo, and Dawson
 * Constitutional Route 13: Albert Lea to Jordan via Waseca, Waterville, Montgomery, and New Prague
 * Constitutional Route 14: Ivanhoe to Gaylord via Marshall, Redwood Falls, Morton, and Winthrop
 * Constitutional Route 15: Iowa to Winthrop via Fairmont, Madelia, and New Ulm
 * Constitutional Route 16: southwest of Mankato to Worthington via Madelia, St. James, Windom, and Fulda
 * Constitutional Route 17: Fulda to Granite Falls to Slayton, Garvin, and Marshall
 * Constitutional Route 18: Elk River to east of Brainerd via Princeton, Milaca, and Onamia
 * Constitutional Route 19: Brainerd to Cass Lake via Pine River and Walker
 * Constitutional Route 20: Iowa to Douglas via Canton, Harmony, Preston, Fountain, Chatfield, Oronoco, Pine Island, Zumbrota, and Cannon Falls
 * Constitutional Route 21: Zumbrota to St. Peter via Kenyon, Faribault, Le Sueur Center, and Cleveland
 * Constitutional Route 22: St. Peter to Paynesville via Gaylord, Glencoe, Hutchinson, and Litchfield
 * Constitutional Route 23: Paynesville to south of Hinckley via St. Cloud, Foley, Milaca, Ogilvie, and Mora
 * Constitutional Route 24: Litchfield to St. Cloud
 * Constitutional Route 25: Belle Plaine to Big Lake via Norwood, Watertown, Montrose, Buffalo, and Monticello
 * Constitutional Route 26: Benson to Ortonville
 * Constitutional Route 27: St. Cloud to Brainerd via Sauk Rapids, Royalton, and Little Falls
 * Constitutional Route 28: Little Falls to South Dakota via Sauk Centre, Glenwood, Starbuck, Morris, Graceville, and Browns Valley
 * Constitutional Route 29: Glenwood to west of Wadena via Alexandria, Parkers Prairie, and Deer Creek
 * Constitutional Route 30: Fergus Falls to Erskine via Pelican Rapids, Detroit Lakes, and Mahnomen
 * Constitutional Route 31: Ada to Mahnomen
 * Constitutional Route 32: east of Crookston to Greenbush via Red Lake Falls, Thief River Falls, and Middle River
 * Constitutional Route 33: Thief River Falls to Warren
 * Constitutional Route 34: Detroit to west of Grand Rapids via Park Rapids, Walker, and Remer
 * Constitutional Route 35: Mille Lacs Lake to Ely via Aitkin, Grand Rapids, Hibbing, Chisholm, Buhl, Mountain Iron, Virginia, Gilbert, McKinley, Biwabik, Aurora, and Tower
 * Constitutional Route 36: Fergus Falls to east of Henning
 * Constitutional Route 37: Little Falls to Motley
 * Constitutional Route 38: Montevideo to Starbuck via Benson
 * Constitutional Route 39: Mankato to west of Albert Lea via Mapleton, Minnesota Lake, and Wells
 * Constitutional Route 40: Iowa to Owatonna via Lyle, Austin, and Blooming Prairie
 * Constitutional Route 41: Blooming Prairie to Hayfield
 * Constitutional Route 42: east of Rochester to Kellogg via Elgin and Plainview
 * Constitutional Route 43: Rushford to Winona
 * Constitutional Route 44: Hokah to Canton via Caledonia
 * Constitutional Route 45: Wisconsin to St. Paul via Stillwater and Lake Elmo
 * Constitutional Route 46: Wisconsin to Wyoming via Taylors Falls and Center City
 * Constitutional Route 47: Slayton to Pipestone
 * Constitutional Route 48: west of Granite Falls to Canby via Clarkfield
 * Constitutional Route 49: east of Montevideo to south of Willmar via Clara City
 * Constitutional Route 50: Cannon Falls to Minneapolis via Farmington
 * Constitutional Route 51: Shakopee to north of Shakopee
 * Constitutional Route 52: south of Minneapolis to Fort Snelling towards St. Paul
 * Constitutional Route 53: Hastings to South St. Paul
 * Constitutional Route 54: Elbow Lake to Herman
 * Constitutional Route 55: northwest of Carlton to Cloquet
 * Constitutional Route 56: east of Austin to Kenyon via Brownsdale, Hayfield, Dodge Center, and West Concord
 * Constitutional Route 57: Mantorville to south of Mantorville
 * Constitutional Route 58: Zumbrota to Red Wing
 * Constitutional Route 59: Iowa to Lake City via Spring Valley, Stewartville, Rochester, Zumbro Falls
 * Constitutional Route 60: Faribault to Madison Lake via Morristown and Waterville
 * Constitutional Route 61: Deer River to Big Falls
 * Constitutional Route 62: Anoka to St. Paul
 * Constitutional Route 63: south of Forest Lake to Minneapolis
 * Constitutional Route 64: north of Fergus Falls to south of Moorhead via Rothsay and Barnesville
 * Constitutional Route 65: Bagley to south of Red Lake Falls via Clearbrook, Gonvick, Gully, Brooks, and Terrebonne
 * Constitutional Route 66: Montevideo to north of Appleton
 * Constitutional Route 67: Echo to Granite Falls
 * Constitutional Route 68: Marshall to Canby via Minneota
 * Constitutional Route 69: Buffalo to Paynesville via Maple Lake, Annandale, and Eden Valley
 * Constitutional Route 70: west of New Ulm to Hector via Fort Ridgely and Fairfax

Legislative Routes 71–140

 * Legislative Route 71: Little Falls, Onamia, Isle, McGrath, and Moose Lake
 * Legislative Route 72: Bemidji, Waskish, Baudette
 * Legislative Route 73: Zumbrota, Mazeppa, Zumbro Falls, and Wabasha
 * Legislative Route 74: Weaver, St. Charles, and Chatfield
 * Legislative Route 75: Winona to Wisconsin
 * Legislative Route 76: Wilson, Houston, and Caledonia to Iowa
 * Legislative Route 77: Rushford, Chatfield, Stewartville, and Hayfield
 * Legislative Route 78: Rushford to Mabel
 * Legislative Route 79: Harmony to Iowa
 * Legislative Route 80: Wykoff to Preston
 * Legislative Route 81: Austin to LeRoy
 * Legislative Route 82: Blooming Prairie, Ellendale, Mapleton, and St. James
 * Legislative Route 83: Mankato to New Ulm
 * Legislative Route 84: Sleepy Eye, St. James, and Sherburn to Iowa
 * Legislative Route 85: Windom, Worthington, and Bigelow to Iowa
 * Legislative Route 86: Iowa to Lakefield, Windom
 * Legislative Route 87: Wells, Kiester to Iowa
 * Legislative Route 88: South Dakota to Jasper, Pipestone, Marshall, and Montevideo
 * Legislative Route 89: Pipestone to South Dakota
 * Legislative Route 90: Ivanhoe to South Dakota
 * Legislative Route 91: Iowa to Adrian, Lake Wilson, and Russell
 * Legislative Route 92: Currie, Jeffers
 * Legislative Route 93: Redwood Falls, Sleepy Eye
 * Legislative Route 94: Hastings to Wisconsin
 * Legislative Route 95: Point Douglas, Bayport, Stillwater, Taylors Falls
 * Legislative Route 96: Stillwater, New Brighton
 * Legislative Route 97: Forest Lake, Taylors Falls
 * Legislative Route 98: Forest Lake, Center City
 * Legislative Route 99: Le Center, Shields Lake
 * Legislative Route 100: Gaylord, Henderson, New Prague, Northfield, Cannon Falls and Red Wing
 * Legislative Route 101: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 102: Connects Constitutional Route 1 through St. Paul
 * Legislative Route 103: Connects Constitutional Route 1 through Duluth
 * Legislative Route 104: Connects Constitutional Route 3 through St. Paul
 * Legislative Route 105: Connects Washington Avenue with Constitutional Route 5 through Minneapolis
 * Legislative Route 106: Connects Constitutional Route 8 through Duluth, via the Richard I. Bong Memorial Bridge.
 * Legislative Route 107: Connects Constitutional Route 10 with Washington Avenue in Minneapolis
 * Legislative Route 108: St. Paul to Hennepin County.
 * Legislative Route 109: St. Paul's eastern city limits to Route 1.
 * Legislative Route 110: Minneapolis, Anoka, Ogilvie, Isle, and Aitkin
 * Legislative Route 111: Fort Snelling to downtown St. Paul
 * Legislative Route 112: St. Paul's southern city limits to St. Paul
 * Legislative Route 113: St. Paul's northern city limits to Route 104.
 * Legislative Route 114: Discontinued and removed
 * Legislative Route 115: Eagan to St. Paul via Robert Street and the Lafayette Freeway
 * Legislative Route 116: Kenyon to Minneapolis.
 * Legislative Route 117: Prior Lake to White Bear.
 * Legislative Route 118: Roseville to Stillwater.
 * Legislative Route 119: Clara City to Excelsior.
 * Legislative Route 120: Discontinued and removed
 * Legislative Route 121: Gaylord to Route 5.
 * Legislative Route 122: Mankato and Nicollet to south of Gaylord.
 * Legislative Route 123: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 124: Wells to Alden
 * Legislative Route 125: Snelling Avenue and U.S. 10 from St. Paul to I-35W.
 * Legislative Route 126: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 127: Discontinued and removed
 * Legislative Route 128: Mantorville, Wanamingo, and Hader
 * Legislative Route 129: Discontinued and removed
 * Legislative Route 130: Minneapolis, and Fort Snelling via Broadway Ave and Hiawatha Ave
 * Legislative Route 131: Randall, and Camp Ripley Junction
 * Legislative Route 132: St. Cloud, Princeton, Cambridge, and Taylors Falls
 * Legislative Route 133: Braham, West Rock, and Rock Creek, to Wisconsin.
 * Legislative Route 134: Grasston, and Brook Park
 * Legislative Route 135: Little Falls, Long Prairie, and Osakis
 * Legislative Route 136: Bemidji, and Roseau
 * Legislative Route 137: Garrison, Deerwood, Crosby, and Remer
 * Legislative Route 138: Walker, and Kabekona
 * Legislative Route 139: Pine River, and Walker
 * Legislative Route 140: Baudette, and Wheelers Point

Legislative Routes 141–210

 * Legislative Route 141: Connects Constitutional Route 4 and Constitutional Route 28 through Sauk Centre
 * Legislative Route 142: Paynesville, Glenwood, and Elbow Lake to South Dakota
 * Legislative Route 143: Sunburg, and Glenwood
 * Legislative Route 144: Madison, Appleton, Morris, and Barrett
 * Legislative Route 145: Willmar to Route 144.
 * Legislative Route 146: Maynard to Route 12.
 * Legislative Route 147: Appleton to Route 6.
 * Legislative Route 148: Ortonville to Route 28.
 * Legislative Route 149: Ortonville to South Dakota.
 * Legislative Route 150: Hector to Paynesville.
 * Legislative Route 151: Kimball to Winthrop.
 * Legislative Route 152: Herman to Breckenridge.
 * Legislative Route 153: Discontinued and removed
 * Legislative Route 154: Canby to South Dakota
 * Legislative Route 155: South of Madison to South Dakota.
 * Legislative Route 156: Route 394 to Route 62.
 * Legislative Route 157: Route 35 to Route 110.
 * Legislative Route 158: International Falls to Black Bay.
 * Legislative Route 159: Swan River, Nashwauk, and Little Fork
 * Legislative Route 160: Tower to Red Lake.
 * Legislative Route 161: Red Wing to Wisconsin.
 * Legislative Route 162: Remer to Route 8.
 * Legislative Route 163: Moose Lake to south of Orr.
 * Legislative Route 164: Cloquet to Route 11.
 * Legislative Route 165: Deer River to Route 4.
 * Legislative Route 166: Ely to Route 1.
 * Legislative Route 167: Virginia to Tower.
 * Legislative Route 168: Itasca State Park to Mahnomen.
 * Legislative Route 169: Bagley to Route 168.
 * Legislative Route 170: Thief River Falls to Route 136.
 * Legislative Route 171: St. Vincent to North Dakota.
 * Legislative Route 172: Donaldson to North Dakota.
 * Legislative Route 173: Warren to North Dakota.
 * Legislative Route 174: Erskine to the Canadian border.
 * Legislative Route 175: Crookston to Hendrum.
 * Legislative Route 176: Halstad to North Dakota.
 * Legislative Route 177: Route 32 to Route 182.
 * Legislative Route 178: Crookston to Fertile.
 * Legislative Route 179: Ada to Barnesville.
 * Legislative Route 180: Erdahl to Ottertail.
 * Legislative Route 181: Henning to Perham.
 * Legislative Route 182: Route 30 to Barnesville
 * Legislative Route 183: Henning to Staples.
 * Legislative Route 184: Deer Creek to Route 2.
 * Legislative Route 185: Sandstone to Duluth.
 * Legislative Route 186: Route 110 to Askov.
 * Legislative Route 187: Elk River to Route 117.
 * Legislative Route 188: Buffalo to Route 110.
 * Legislative Route 189: Mora to Route 132.
 * Legislative Route 190: Wheaton to Browns Valley.
 * Legislative Route 191: Route 190 to South Dakota.
 * Legislative Route 192: Hinckley to Wisconsin.
 * Legislative Route 193: Motley to Route 34, west of Walker (present-day Akeley).
 * Legislative Route 194: Mendota to Route 102.
 * Legislative Route 195: Albert Lea to Iowa.
 * Legislative Route 196: Grand Rapids to Bigfork.
 * Legislative Route 197: Park Rapids to Backus.
 * Legislative Route 198: La Crescent to Iowa.
 * Legislative Route 199: Austin to Iowa.
 * Legislative Route 200: Route 4 near Itasca State Park to Waubun.
 * Legislative Route 201: Waldorf to Mankato.
 * Legislative Route 202: Eveleth to Gilbert.
 * Legislative Route 203: Proctor and Duluth.
 * Legislative Route 204: Connecting Route 11 to Route 103 in Duluth.
 * Legislative Route 205: Herman to Alexandria.
 * Legislative Route 206: Pelican Rapids to south of Perham.
 * Legislative Route 207: Frazee to Menahga.
 * Legislative Route 208: Starbuck to Garfield.
 * Legislative Route 209: Becker, Foley, Gilman, Pierz, and Brainerd.
 * Legislative Route 210: Benson to New London.

Legislative Routes 211–280

 * Legislative Route 211: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 64 at or near Barnesville, thence extending in a southwesterly direction to a point on (Minnesota)|Legislative Route 3 at or near Breckenridge.
 * Legislative Route 212: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 3 at or near Robbinsdale, thence extending in a northeasterly and easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 62 easterly of New Brighton, affording necessary and reasonable means of communication to industrial areas engaged in the manufacture of essential war materials, and bringing into the Trunk Highway System an important route a portion of which has been heretofore improved with federal aid, and all which has been approved for surveys and plans with federal funds by the Public Roads Administration.
 * Legislative Route 213: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 185 in Duluth, thence extending in an easterly direction to a point on the line between the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin.
 * Legislative Route 214: Beginning at a point on Constitutional Legislative Route 3, now known as Trunk Highway 61 in the city of Wabasha, Minnesota, thence northerly to a point on the line between the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin.
 * Legislative Route 215: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 1, at or near Carlton; thence extending in an easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 185.
 * Legislative Route 216: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 35, at or near Hibbing; thence extending in an easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 11 southerly of Eveleth.
 * Legislative Route 217: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 159, at or near Littlefork; thence extending in an easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 11.
 * Legislative Route 218: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 11, westerly of Roseau; thence extending in a westerly direction thence in a general northerly direction to reach the international boundary near Pinecreek.
 * Legislative Route 219: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 170 easterly of Thief River Falls; thence extending in a general northerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 136 westerly of Grygla.
 * Legislative Route 220: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 175 at or near Climax; thence extending in a general northwesterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 8 at or near East Grand Forks; thence continuing in a general northerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 173 westerly of Warren; thence continuing in a general northerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 172 westerly of Donaldson.
 * Legislative Route 221: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 166 in Ely; thence extending in a general northeasterly direction to a point north of the center of Section 20, Township 63 North, Range 11 West.
 * Legislative Route 222: Beginning at a point in or adjacent to Oklee; thence extending in a general southerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 65. (currently being repealed)
 * Legislative Route 223: Beginning at a point in or adjacent to Leonard; thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 65.
 * Legislative Route 224: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 225: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 226: Beginning at a point in Section 10, Township 140 North, Range 34 West; thence extending in a general southerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 34.
 * Legislative Route 227: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 228: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 229: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 64 southerly of Barnesville; thence extending in a general easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 30, at or near Pelican Rapids.
 * Legislative Route 230: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 6, at or near Moorhead; thence extending in a general westerly direction to a point on the boundary between the states of Minnesota and North Dakota.
 * Legislative Route 231: Discontinued and removed
 * Legislative Route 232: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 233: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 234: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 138 westerly of Laporte; thence extending in a general southerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 34, at or near Akeley.
 * Legislative Route 235: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 236: Discontinued and removed
 * Legislative Route 237: Beginning at a point in or adjacent to New Munich; thence extending in a general northerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 3. (currently being repealed)
 * Legislative Route 238: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 3 westerly of Albany; thence extending in a general northerly direction to a point at or near Upsala; thence continuing in a northerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 28 westerly of Little Falls.
 * Legislative Route 239: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 27, at or near Sauk Rapids; thence extending in a general southwesterly direction crossing the Mississippi River; thence continuing in a general southerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 3 at or near St. Cloud.
 * Legislative Route 240: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 69, at or near Annandale; thence extending in a general northerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 3.
 * Legislative Route 241: Beginning at a point in or adjacent to St. Michael; then extending in a general easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 392.
 * Legislative Route 242: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 243: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 95 southerly of Legislative Route 46; thence extending in a general southeasterly direction to a point on the boundary between the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin.
 * Legislative Route 244: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 1 southerly of White Bear Lake; thence extending in a general easterly and northerly direction to a point at or near Mahtomedi; thence continuing in a general northerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 96.

[See Note.]

 * Legislative Route 245: Beginning at a point at or near the junction of Legislative Route 3 and Legislative Route 20; thence extending in a general westerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 50.
 * Legislative Route 246: Beginning at a point in or adjacent to Nerstrand; thence extending in a general northerly direction to a point westerly of Dennison; thence continuing in a general northwesterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 1 at or near Northfield.
 * Legislative Route 247: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 59 southerly of Zumbro Falls; thence extending in a general easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 42 at or near Plainview.
 * Legislative Route 248: Beginning at a point in or adjacent to Altura; thence extending in a general easterly direction to a point in or adjacent to Rollingstone; thence continuing in a general easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 3.
 * Legislative Route 249: Discontinued and removed
 * Legislative Route 250: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 9, at or near Lanesboro; thence extending in a general northerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 77.
 * Legislative Route 251: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 1, at or near Clarks Grove; thence extending in a general easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 40.
 * Legislative Route 252: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 9 westerly of Austin; thence extending northeasterly to a point on Legislative Route 40 northerly of the south line of Section 34, Township 103 North, Range 18 West, Mower County, Minnesota; thence extending southeasterly to a point on Legislative Route 9 in or near Austin; thence extending easterly along Legislative Route 9 to a point in or near Austin and thence southerly and westerly to a point on Legislative Route 40 in or near Austin.
 * Legislative Route 253: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 254: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 255: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 5, at or near Winnebago; thence extending in a general easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 39, at or near Wells.
 * Legislative Route 256: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 257: Beginning at a point in or adjacent to Hanska; thence extending in an easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 15.
 * Legislative Route 258: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 259: Beginning at a point on Statutory Legislative Route 100, at or near Henderson; thence extending in a general southeasterly direction to a point at or near Le Sueur.
 * Legislative Route 260: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 5 southwesterly of Shakopee, thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on proposed Legislative Route 12, thence extending in a northeasterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 5 at or near Edina.
 * Legislative Route 261: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 262: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 263: Beginning at a point in or adjacent to Ceylon; thence extending in a general northerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 391 westerly of Fairmont. (currently being repealed)
 * Legislative Route 264: Beginning at a point in or adjacent to Round Lake; thence extending in a general northerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 391 easterly of Worthington. (currently being repealed)
 * Legislative Route 265: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 85 northeasterly of Bigelow; thence extending in a southerly direction to a point on the boundary between the states of Minnesota and Iowa.
 * Legislative Route 266: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 267: Beginning at a point in or adjacent to Iona; thence extending in a general northerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 17, at or near Slayton. (currently being repealed)
 * Legislative Route 268: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 269: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 88, at or southerly of Jasper; thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on the boundary between the states of Minnesota and South Dakota.
 * Legislative Route 270: Beginning at a point in or adjacent to Hills; thence extending in a general easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 6.
 * Legislative Route 271: Beginning at a point on the boundary between the states of Minnesota and South Dakota near the northwest corner of Section 30, Township 113 North, Range 46 West; thence extending in an easterly and southerly direction to a point in or adjacent to Hendricks; thence continuing in a southerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 90.
 * Legislative Route 272: Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 14 northerly of Milroy; thence extending in a southerly and easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 4 south of Redwood Falls; thence continuing in an easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 93, in or adjacent to Morgan.
 * Legislative Route 273: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 274: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 275: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 276: Beginning at a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and South Dakota westerly of Marietta, thence extending in an easterly direction to a point in or adjacent to Marietta, thence extending in a general easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 6.
 * Legislative Route 277: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 278: Discontinued and removed
 * Legislative Route 279: Cedar Avenue from Minneapolis to Apple Valley.

Legislative Routes 281–350
Subd. 232.Legislative Route 301.
 * Legislative Route 280: St. Paul to "at or near" New Brighton.
 * Legislative Route 281: An alternate route for Route 103 through Duluth.
 * Legislative Route 282: Jordan to Spring Lake.
 * Legislative Route 283: Waubun to Route 177.
 * Legislative Route 284: Waconia to Route 12.
 * Legislative Route 285: Discontinued and removed
 * Legislative Route 286: Marcell to Route 61.
 * Legislative Route 287: Grey Eagle to Route 4.
 * Legislative Route 288: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 289: Route 1 to the Moose Lake Treatment Center.
 * Legislative Route 290: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 291: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 292: Route 3 to the Minnesota Training School for Boys in Red Wing.
 * Legislative Route 293: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 294: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 295: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 296: Discontinued and removed
 * Legislative Route 297: Repealed
 * Legislative Route 298: Route 21 to Route 323. (currently being repealed)
 * Legislative Route 299: Route 21 to the Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf. (currently being repealed)
 * Legislative Route 300: Repealed

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 3; thence extending in a general westerly direction to the main entrance of the Minnesota State Reformatory for Men. (currently being repealed

Subd. 233.

[Repealed, 1Sp2003 c 22 s 3]

Subd. 234.Legislative Route 303.

Discontinued and removed from T.H. system. See Laws 1973, Chapter 249.

Subd. 235.Legislative Route 304.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 38 at or near Montevideo; thence extending in an easterly direction to connect with Legislative Route 49 easterly of Montevideo.

Subd. 236. Legislative Route 305.

[Repealed, 2001 c 213 s 29]

Subd. 237.Legislative Route 306.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 35 at or near Gilbert; thence extending in a general northeasterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 35 at or near Biwabik.

Subd. 238.Legislative Route 307.

Beginning at a point on Constitutional Legislative Route 8 at or near East Grand Forks; thence extending in a general westerly direction to a point on the boundary between the states of North Dakota and Minnesota.

Subd. 239.Legislative Route 308.

Beginning at a point on Constitutional Legislative Route 11 westerly of Fox; thence running in a general northerly direction to a point on Statutory Legislative Route 218 at or near Ross.

Subd. 240.Legislative Route 309.

MS 2012 [Repealed, 2014 c 287 s 26]

Subd. 241.Legislative Route 310.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 11 at or near Roseau, thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on the boundary line between the State of Minnesota and the Province of Manitoba, Canada.

Subd. 242.Legislative Route 311.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 289 at or near the entrance to the Moose Lake State Hospital, thence extending in an easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 390.

Subd. 243.

Legislative Route 312. [Discontinued and removed]

Subd. 244.Legislative Route 313.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 11 at or near Warroad, thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on the boundary between the State of Minnesota and the Province of Manitoba, Canada.

Subd. 245.Legislative Route 314.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 110 southerly of St. Francis, thence extending in a general easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 5, thence extending in a general easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 1 at or near Forest Lake, provided, however, that such route shall not be established, constructed or marked until receipt by the adjutant general of Minnesota of the authority from the proper federal agency to proceed with the acquisition of land for the construction of the proposed Bethel airport affording Bethel Airport a reasonable means of communication with other places within the state.

Subd. 246.Legislative Route 315.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 158 in International Falls, thence extending in a general northerly direction to the boundary line between the State of Minnesota and the Province of Ontario, Canada.

Subd. 247.Legislative Route 316.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 3 at or near Hastings, thence extending in a southeasterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 3 at or near Red Wing.

Subd. 248.Legislative Route 317.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 220 westerly of Stephen in Marshall County, thence extending in a westerly direction to the boundary line between the state of Minnesota and the state of North Dakota.

Subd. 249.Legislative Route 318.

Discontinued and removed from T.H. system. See Laws 1974, Chapter 151.

Subd. 250.Legislative Route 319.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 6 in the city of Ortonville; thence in a general northwesterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 148 in Ortonville.

Subd. 251.Legislative Route 320.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 116, easterly of Nerstrand; thence extending in a general westerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 246 in or adjacent to Nerstrand.

Subd. 252.Legislative Route 321.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 22 in Eden Valley, thence extending in a general northerly direction, so as to run easterly of Horse Shoe Lake, to a point on Legislative Route 23 in Richmond.

Subd. 253.Legislative Route 322.

[Repealed, 2001 c 213 s 29]

Subd. 254.Legislative Route 323.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 298 at or near the intersection of Legislative Route 298 and Barron Road; thence extending westerly, southerly and northeasterly to a point on Legislative Route 298. (currently being repealed)

Subd. 255. Route 324A.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 6 in Hallock; thence extending in a general westerly direction following generally the location of present County State-Aid Highway 3 to a point on the boundary line between the state of Minnesota and the state of North Dakota.

Subd. 256.Legislative Route 325.

Beginning at a point on Constitutional Legislative Route 11 in Baudette, thence extending in a northerly and northeasterly direction to the boundary line between the state of Minnesota and the Province of Ontario, Canada.

Subd. 257.Legislative Route 326.

[Repealed, 1996 c 456 s 24]

Subd. 258.

Legislative Route 327. [Discontinued and removed]

Subd. 259.Legislative Route 328.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 6 in Hallock; thence extending in a general easterly direction to a point on Legislative Route 174, northerly of Lake Bronson.

Subd. 260.Legislative Route 329.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 144 in or near Morris; thence extending in an easterly direction into and through the grounds of the West Central School and Experiment Station of the University of Minnesota and terminating at the east boundary thereof.

Subd. 261.Legislative Route 330.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 7 westerly of Lamberton; thence extending into and through the grounds of the Southwest Experiment Station of the University of Minnesota; thence back to a point on Legislative Route 7.

Subd. 262.Legislative Route 331.

[Repealed, 1996 c 455 art 3 s 34]

Subd. 263.Legislative Route 332.

MS 2010 [Repealed, 2011 c 34 s 1]

 * Legislative Route 333: I-94 to U.S. 10.

Subd. 265.Legislative Route 334.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 116 at or near Inver Grove Heights; thence extending in a general northerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 102 at or near St. Paul. (proposed to be truncated to near Kellogg Boulevard East in St. Paul)

Subd. 266.Legislative Route 335.

MS 2008 [Repealed, 2008 c 350 art 1 s 89]

Subd. 267.Legislative Route 336.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 2 at or near Dilworth; thence extending in a general southerly direction following generally the location of present County State-Aid Highway 11 to a point on Legislative Route 392.

Subd. 268.Legislative Route 337.

From a point on Legislative Route 2 in the city of Brainerd thence extending southwesterly to its intersection with new, marked Trunk Highway 371 as signed on May 30, 2001.

Subd. 269.Legislative Route 338.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 7 easterly of Rochester and thence extending in a southerly direction to a point on Legislative Route 391.

Subd. 270.Legislative Route 339.

Beginning at a point on Legislative Route 45, thence extending easterly to a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin.

Subd. 271.Legislative Route 340.

Beginning at a point at or near the entrance of the Upper Sioux Agency State Park; thence extending in a generally northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 67 at or near Granite Falls.

Legislative Routes 351–396
Routes 380 to 385 were defined in and after 1975, and "may be added by order of the commissioner of transportation to the trunk highway system"; only 383, 384, and 385 have been added, and 385 no longer exists.
 * Legislative Route 380: Shepard Road in St. Paul
 * Legislative Route 381: deleted from the statutes (was a planned extension of the Lafayette Freeway northwest to I-35E)
 * Legislative Route 382: part of I-35E in St. Paul (actually covered by Route 390)
 * Legislative Route 383: Bloomington to Brooklyn Park
 * Legislative Route 384: Eden Prairie to southeast of Minneapolis
 * Legislative Route 385: deleted from the statutes (was Washington Avenue in Minneapolis)

Routes 390 to 396 were defined in and after the 1950s as portions of the Interstate Highway System "to take advantage of federal aid made available by the United States to the state of Minnesota for highway purposes". Interstate 394 is not a separate legislative route, instead being parts of Route 10 and Route 107, which carried U.S. Highway 12 along the same alignment before I-394 was built.
 * Legislative Route 390: Iowa to Wisconsin (I-35, I-35E, and I-535)
 * Legislative Route 391: South Dakota to Wisconsin (I-90)
 * Legislative Route 392: North Dakota to Wisconsin (I-94)
 * Legislative Route 393: loop around the Twin Cities (I-494 and I-694)
 * Legislative Route 394: alternate to Route 390 through Minneapolis (I-35W)
 * Legislative Route 395: Duluth (part of I-35)
 * Legislative Route 396: Duluth (extension of I-35)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Legislative route (Minnesota)


text:
Warsaw Documentary Film Studio

The Warsaw Documentary Film Studio (Wytwornia Filmow Dokumentalnych in Polish) is a Polish film production company.

Founded in 1949 as a unit of the film monopoly Film Polski, the institution has operated as both school and producer for Poland's leading documentary filmmakers.

Throughout the 1950s, the studio produced documentaries and newsreels for the Polish Film Chronicle. The studio also produced material for the Polish national television network, Telewizja Polska, as well as numerous promotional and commercial films for the industry. At the beginning of the 1960s, the studio began developing its ability to produce feature films. Initially it only produced a handful of feature films annually, but output quickly increased and in the 1970s production reached 20 feature films a year.

The celebrated Polish director Andrzej Wajda produced a number of his best films at the facility, including Man of Marble, Man of Iron, Landscape After Battle and The Wedding. Krzysztof Kieślowski also made use of the studio, producing his renowned television miniseries Dekalog here in 1988. Other notable television programs produced at the studio include Nights and Days (Noce i dnie) by Jerzy Antczak, Polish Roads (Polskie drogi) by Janusz Morgenstern and Home (Dom) by Jan Lomnicki, among others.

In 2019, the state cultural institutions were merged: Studio Filmowe "Kadr", Studio Filmowe "Tor", Studio Filmowe "Zebra", Wytwórnia Filmów Dokumentalnych i Fabularnych and Studio Miniatur Filmowych and the resulting new state cultural institution was named Wytwórnia Filmów Dokumentalnych i Fabularnych.

title: Warsaw Documentary Film Studio


text:
Peter Pearson (painter, born 1957)

Peter Pearson is an American icon painter, author, and teacher of icon painting. He has created hundreds of icons for private collectors, churches, and other institutions throughout the world. Through his workshops and seminars, he has worked with more than 2,500 students. His workshops give even the most inexperienced painter the skills to paint their own icon.

He began painting icons at the age of twelve and has studied under Russian icon painter Dr. Nina Bouroff in Bethesda, Maryland and Philip Zimmerman at the St. John of Damascus School of Sacred Arts, an Orthodox school of icon painting in Ligonier, Pennsylvania. He also trained with Valentin Streltsov of Toronto, Canada, Nicholas Papas in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, Father Damian Higgins at the Sisters of Saint Basil Monastery, Fox Chase, Pennsylvania, Xenia Pokrovsky at Saint Tikhon's Monastery in South Canaan, Pennsylvania, at the Iconography Institute at Mount Angel Abbey in Oregon, where he studied with Charles Rohrbacher of Juneau, Alaska, with Michael Kapeluck of Carnegie, Pennsylvania, and Philip Davydov of Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Pearson also studied architectural drafting and color at the International Institute of Design in Washington, D.C., and theology, with a specialization in liturgical studies, at St. John's Seminary in Boston, Georgetown University, and at Saint Vincent Seminary in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, where he graduated magna cum laude, completing a Master of Divinity degree in 1995. His course work included specialized studies on the history of church architecture and liturgical vesture, the role of art in worship, as well as a full year on liturgical consultation. In early 2016, he received a Th. D. from The Providence Theological School.

Peter has served a number of parishes as a priest for over 25 years and is a vowed member of a Franciscan community in the Episcopal/Anglican Church.

title: Peter Pearson (painter, born 1957)


text:
Institute for Humanist Studies

The Institute for Humanist Studies (IHS) is a think tank based in Washington, DC, USA, that says it is "committed to information and practices meant to address the sociopolitical, economic and cultural challenges facing communities within the United States and within a global context." IHS, consistent with the American Humanist Association and the Humanists International, says that it understands humanism to be “a progressive philosophy of life that, without theism and other supernatural beliefs, affirms our ability and responsibility to lead ethical lives of personal fulfillment that aspire to the greater good of humanity.”

The IHS was established in 2009 as the successor of the Institute for Humanist Studies, Inc., in Albany, New York. The official symbol of the IHS is the “Happy Human” supporting the world.

History
In June 1999, the Institute for Humanist Studies, Inc., was incorporated in the state of New York. With financial support from Larry Jones, the founding president of the institute, the organization began its work as an educational non-profit institute, with the purpose of providing information to policymakers and others in order to advance humanism as a life philosophy. Much of this information was made available through its online publication – Humanist Network News. In addition to information in the form of papers, etc., the institute also offered distance-learning opportunities through its online “Continuum of Humanist Education” curriculum. With time, these courses were made available without cost to those interested in them. Furthermore, through its registered lobbyist, the Institute sought to promote humanism within New York State Legislation. Intentionally avoiding a framework based on membership, the Institute understood itself as thereby being free to partner with other humanist organizations without competition for members. Based on this approach, the Institute became a founding member of the Secular Coalition for America. In addition to supporting these organizations through information, the institute also provided grants averaging between $10,000-$20,000 to humanist organizations in support of the policy efforts and programming. Those receiving grants include: Secular Student Alliance; International Humanist and Ethical Youth Organization (Belgium); Prometheus Society of Slovakia, Bratislava; and the International Humanist and Ethical Union (London).

In 2008, the Institute for Humanist Studies, Inc., began conversations with the American Humanist Association (AHA) with the purpose being a partnership with the AHA. In 2009, the conversations shifted to the possibility of the AHA taking over the operations of the institute with the exception of its lobbying efforts. It was eventually decided in 2009 that the Institute should be reconstituted along the lines of a formal think tank, with another organization (The Humanist Institute) taking over its online classes. It was argued a formal think tank would be positioned to provide the humanist movement with information and other modes of assistance with the promotion of humanism in the United States and elsewhere.

A meeting was held in Arizona in 2009 to map out the reconstituted Institute for Humanist Studies. Shortly after that meeting, a board of directors was constituted, and Anthony Pinn was asked to serve as Director of Research. The first Managing Director was Mercedes Diane Griffin Forbes, who served in that capacity during the first year of the institute. The vision statement for the new Institute was drafted and approved by the Board in November 2010. This document outlined the structure and purpose of the organization.

Staff

 * Anthony B. Pinn, Director of Research

title: Institute for Humanist Studies


text: Talk:Turner (utensil)

title: Talk:Turner (utensil)


text:
Talk:Richard Garnett (writer)

Short Biographical Dictionary of Enlgish Literature
I think so little is left of the oritginal text dump from the Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature that I took out the template. PRiis 04:15, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Lyrics?
Canuckle 02:24, 5 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Why does this article repeat the lyrics also on Where Corals Lie?

Voynich
Uncited fact moved from an en.wikisource talk page:

''Advised Wilfrid Voynich to become an antiquarian bookseller. Jackiespeel (talk) 21:20, 28 May 2011 (UTC)''

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Richard Garnett (writer). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20101022084615/http://www.1911encyclopedia.org:80/Richard_Garnett to http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Richard_Garnett

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 06:02, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

Wife?
Who was his wife, and mother of Edward Garnett? Valetude (talk) 19:49, 27 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Richard Garnett (writer)


text:
Talk:Ratchet & Clank: Up Your Arsenal

Redirects
I've made 3 redirects due to common spelling errors.SuperWiki5 22:06, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Is This a Glitch?
Ok, i was playing Ratchet & Clank: UYA yesterday, and i found something weird... I have 3 save files on my game, the first 2 i got past Aridia, and on the third one, i got to the part on aquatos where you first find slim cogneto, i bought the lava gun. then on my way to the ship, i found a path leading to a room (you know the empty ones that have the computers with the green screens) then i found a spot that said, (triangle button) Use Submarine and go to Nefarious' Base. and then when it started showing the submarine traveling through the water (similar to what your ship does when going to a planet), it just kept repeating the same 4 scenes over and over and over and over and over and over again, it shows a close up,then it shows it traveling through the water, then a side view, then it traveling through the water again, then it repeats... it kept doing this non-stop for hours... is this a transport to the end of the game? or is it a glitch? P.S. when i turned the game on today, the file said Aquatos, and then when i opened it to play it, it was the submarine travel scene again!!!

 * definitly a glitch, i have played through 4 times and i think the sub goes to the sewer. 203.129.36.40 05:40, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

son of a nutsack, i love that game, and the first 2 files work fine, i fixed the 3rd one some how, but now my file 4 doesn't work.SuperWiki5 16:35, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

Some Comments
I'm not really sure this article is all too encyclopedic. There is a lot of opinion in the writing. For example, flat out saying the Holo Shield Glove is nearly useless isn't really unbiased. You could say, "most players felt it was useless." I actually found it helpful until i got the shield charger. Also, the section about the Insomniac Museum could use some work. Typing "*cough*" around all the hints would be fine in a gamer's forum, but in an encyclopedia, we should be more formal. Overall, the article is pretty good though. Mred64 04:17, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I agree. This page is getting cluttered (ESPECIALLY THE THREE SEPARATE CHARACTER SECTIONS) and unprofessional. This page is slightly biased, as well.

Still, I can't even find the Sly 2: Band Of Thieves demo in this menu. I searched everywhere and I might think that Insomniac Games has never made a demo before. I think this is only for a "PAL" version (I don't know what it means, but it almost look like a Proffesional Automated Lookout) and not on an American version. If you find one, please let me know so I can find it. Thank You.

That is true. It might be an American-only inclusion. Anyway, you hold L1, L2, R1, and R2 at the main menu and it loads the demo. Thunderbrand 00:11, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

He, heh. I must've mistakenly found the demo on my instruction manual, heh heh heh. I did'nt even noticed that the demo hint is in the page. Well, thanks anyway. Anything Else (a.k.a.) David (which it's my real name)

Actually the Sly demo is on the European version. Access it liked mentioned above.

Edits
I'm taking the liberty to mature the article a little bit.

Comments like: '''"Up Your Arsenal" is an attempted censor of the British version of "Up Your Ass." The British say "up your arse."''' are just juvenile TotalTommyTerror 19:21, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

I am also removing the line Up Your Arsenal was the first PlayStation 2 platform/action game to offer online multiplayer, which is incorrect. Several other PS2 games made use of the online multiplayer feature before this title was released. TotalTommyTerror 19:30, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

It is definately a theme in the Ratchet & Clank series to give the games subtitles that are double-puns. Yes, it is a reference to "up your arse", and it is also a reference to the sheer number of destructive devices Ratchet obtains in this game. --Bear Eagleson 21:40, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I thought it was another sexual reference,like the "going comando" one.--Technosphere83 21:45, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

 * It's both. Just like "Going Commando" was.  --Bear Eagleson 00:49, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Sorry if this is off-topic..
But how in the heck were they not able to get away with Going Commando, but they can get away with Up Your Arsenal? Methinks there's a double standard at work here. P.S.: Not to mention that 'loaded' I would say, has way worse connations than going commando. Lord Patrick 20:37, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

 * By itself you would be correct in your interpretation of the word "loaded", and the term "Locked & Loaded" is definitively a gun reference. --Bear Eagleson 12:40, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

There is a way to acces the Sly 2: Band of Thieves demo in Ratchet and Clank: Up Your Arsenal. It can be found in the manual if you read it closely.
 * Yeah, I checked the game just to make sure. Thunderbrand 01:17, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

At what page is found on the Sly 2: Band Of Thieves demo? Uh, uh hold on. I think I found it on page 3. I thought that thing dissapeared right before my eyes.

Glitch Encountered
I found the glitch in Qwark's Hideout that it's called the Iceberg Glitch. Here is a nifty hint for you Ratchet & Clank fans. Fight your way by destroying some Robo-Qwarks and jump on ice to ice as you don't fall into an icy waters. Once you're there, double-jump and engage the thruster-pack and keep going foward until you land on an iceberg. You could post this picture just because I encountered a glitch. Anything Else (a.k.a.) David 7:02 17 April 2006

The Story section
It sounds totally juvenile and is way too lengthy for an article on a video game. No one cares that much about the plot of a Ratchet and Clank game. Someone who has played the game in its entirety probably needs to go over it and cut out some unnecessary items. 170.61.20.229 17:33, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm gonna fix it. I just played the game, anyway... I'm also gonne rename the section "Story Synopsis", for emphasis on "Keep the story section short please". Going to fix next half later. Abby724 17:09, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Titanum bolts added
I have added a section about titanium bolts.

Rewrite
I almost did a full rewrite on this, left the plot section in though because I thought it was good enough to leave in. Removed a lot of the other stuff though. The Sly Demo doesn't need mentioning and even if it does, it didn't need its own section, same with the Insomniac Museum. I added the content from the weapons and gadgets to the gameplay section because it makes more sense in there, don't need their own sections either. Removed the list of bosses, only a brief overview is needed really.

Things to do: References, expand lead section a little, I would like to had some information about the music voices but I don't have enough information yet though, expand on graphics section.

If you've got any problems, please discuss, I did think this was in need of a big change.

Crimsonfox 21:12, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * There's already a good "common elements in R&C" bit on the series page, so I suggest (have not done so beyond adding the See Also to that) trimming down the gameplay to point out the differences. Also, about 480p/widescreen, I believe the game template has a place to add video support.  Basically, that section can be trimmed down.

 * Also note that save in cases where the NA game is not as well known as another name for a game, the usual way to reference a game is via it's NA release name. Not a huge problem here.

 * I would recommend switching the first and second pictures: that way, the first pic is a screenshot of action, the second refers to the weapons. (Make sure they are clear for fair use (I didn't check these to verify that)).

 * The plot section may be a little long, I've seen shorter ones for RPGs, but it's not excessive as such.

 * There's a Characters in the Ratchet and Clank Series article, I'd make sure the bosses are listed in there, and then add another see-also link for a Characters section. Same with Locations, I think (the template at the page bottom has those too.) --Masem 22:35, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Are you suggesting that the gameplay section is cut down a link to a main article? Cause if so, I don't think that should happen as this article is to describe how the game plays to someone who's never played it before rather than simply linking to other articles.

 * Thanks for the info about naming procedures though, I'll keep that in mind, very useful.

 * The only reason I used the screenshots around that way was because the gameplay section refered to the weapons whereas the story section did't much but they can be changed, I don't think it makes a big difference. I think I got the fair use for them sorted, I did best I could from what I understood. Thanks for the comments. Crimsonfox 23:02, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't mean just ditching all the gameplay in favor of the See Also link. The See Also link takes care of about 75% of the game play stuff, what SHOULD remain on the UYA page is what is new and improved and different in this version (IIRC, weapon upgrades, the 2D side scrolling part, etc.)    There also should still be a statement that UYA is a platformer with lots of weapons and gadgets. --Masem 23:30, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Basing my experiences mostly on viewing FA Articles, even if the game has a main article (such as this one does) an overview of all of the features is still included. But I do think I know where you're coming from. Go ahead and change it if you think it'll be better. I'm going to try and get references done a bit later when I have the game/manual at hand. Crimsonfox 15:06, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Assessment
I know there are a bunch of things that need to be worked on in this article and one of them probably being references but before go off and get references for the story section I want to get an opinion on it so I'm going to put it in for assessment and see what comes out of it. Crimsonfox 15:53, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

WP:VG Assessment

 * Single Player gameplay too long. Should be 2/3 of the current size maximum. I would advise deleting minigames and currency paragraphs. ✅
 * Got rid of the currency paragraph and most of the vid comic but added a sentence making a the point that it is an integral part of the single player game. Crimsonfox 22:30, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Gameplay needs references and content beyond the game manual or a game guide. Referenced comparison with other games in the series is good. This a popular subject of reviews so should be easy to find. ✅
 * Story is way too long. 1/3 of the current size maximum (4-5 paragraphs). Just summarize. ✅ And yes, references. Cite specific conversations between characters in the game when no outside reference can be found (see almost all featured Final Fantasy articles on how to do this effectively.)✅
 * Shortened the story to a more managable size. Working on the references. Crimsonfox 19:09, 1 April 2007 (UTC)
 * References done. Crimsonfox 16:44, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Improve the reception section. Include more paragraphs like the current second paragraph of this section. ✅
 * Well, kind of done. So far, it's all I've been able to find. From what I've seen there hasn't been any major controversy or any particularly notable news apart from stuff already mentioned. Crimsonfox 20:06, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * WP:LS ✅

Rated B, Mid

--User:Krator (t c) 21:55, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm going to put it in for a peer review now and nom it for GA and see what response comes out of it. Crimsonfox 20:06, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

GA Assessment
I've read your article, and I think that while it is certainly GA material, there's a few little errors in the grammar that are making me hesitant about it. I've spotted several typos in the article, and some of the sentences in the Gameplay section could probably be broken up into two smaller ones. Otherwise though, this is definitely a GA.

 * Unless you are going to fix them yourself, could you please point out the grammar/typo errors so that they can be fixed quicker please and make this a clean transition to GA. Thanks. Crimsonfox 00:05, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Since my understanding of the GA process is that the assessor can't have edited the article, I'll post the items in question.

 * Multiplayer features a three different modes of play each available on all of the maps and has a selection of the unique weapons from the main, single player, game. ((Should be "features three", not "features a three"))

 * Despite straying further from the genre of a classic platform game, Ratchet and Clank: Up Your Arsenal still offers some of the basic features of a game from that genre but with a strong mix of action and shooting, PGNx Media has dubbed it a “Combat-platformer”. ((The stuff after the last comma should be a seperate sentance))

 * Ratchet is initially armed with a wrench, his primary mêlée weapon but as the player progresses through the game, new weapons and upgrades can be obtained. ((This just reads kinda funny to me...))

 * ...and then another 3 after that once the game has been completed. ((should mention that the extra 3 levels of strength are availale in Challenge Mode only))

 * After discovering the whereabouts of the Quark's hideout... ((I believe it's supposed to be "Qwark's Hideout", not "The Quark's Hideout"))

That's all I can think of.DocDragon 00:54, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Much appreciated and I've worked out everything you mentioned. Crimsonfox 09:14, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * You still typoed "Qwark's Hideout". Fix that and you're in. Additionally, I noticed that Qwark is repeatedly called "Quark" in the quotes section. Those should be fixed as well. DocDragon 18:47, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Completely missed that, anyway, done. Any tips to get it up to FA standard would also be appreciated. Crimsonfox 19:15, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, for getting this up to FA standard, I'd say that this article could use a copyediting, and a Peer Review. I can't point out anything that's overtly wrong with the article at the moment. DocDragon 21:51, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I meant to mention this earlier, it needs a development section. That'll be a critical part of the decision if it goes up to be a FAC. Crimsonfox 22:22, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

I always thought
I always thought that it was the incident back at the Megacorp test room in Going Commando that made Quark lose his memory.

no its u beeting him —Preceding unsigned comment added by Karfsma778 (talk • contribs) 23:02, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

Emanuel
In the story section...who the hell is Emanuel? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.80.12.237 (talk) 06:15, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

"Secret Agent Clank" parenthesis
I've already explained that I removed the parenthesis that elaborated on what Secret Agent Clank is, because it makes the sentence syntax stumble and readers are smart enough to surmise what Secret Agent Clank is. I'd recommend that the IP explain their rationale for adding it again as part of WP:BRD. BLUSTER⌉⌊BLASTER 12:09, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

Was this a "good article" and is it still?
My reading comprehension isn't very good at the moment, but: I read the eight levels and stopped there, thinking wait there's only 5, then seeing 5 and thinking well maybe the 8 refers to something else entirely, then consulting the weapons FAQ on GameFAQs, and eventually figuring out, oh the 8 includes the 3 that can only be obtained after you beat the game once, which the line does eventually break down into 5 and 3 but fails to mention that the other three can only be obtained after beating the game, and thin I thought, does this stuff belong in this section of the article? Then I went back and looked at how it kind of tries to address the fact that 1 had more platforming than 2 and 3 has much less than either 1 or 2. Also, I meleed my way through 1 and 2 but couldn't do this with 3, not even with the new melee whip weapon which is limited by "ammo", so saying that this game has melee combat just isn't as true as the others. The article also cites the manual which I understand primary sources normally shouldn't be cited, but is this true for videogames? Either way the article seems to do a lot of things in a way that shouldn't be done. Hackwrench (talk) 03:06, 13 June 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ratchet & Clank: Up Your Arsenal


text:
Frank Moorhouse

Frank Thomas Moorhouse (21 December 1938 – 26 June 2022) was an Australian writer who won major national prizes for the short story, the novel, the essay and for script writing. His work has been published in the United Kingdom, France and the United States, and translated into German, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Serbian and Swedish.

Moorhouse is best known for having won the 2001 Miles Franklin Literary Award for his novel Dark Palace which, together with Grand Days and Cold Light, forms the "Edith Trilogy"—a fictional account of the League of Nations—which traces the strange, convoluted life of a young woman who enters the world of diplomacy in the 1920s and becomes involved in the newly formed International Atomic Energy Agency after World War II.

Early life
Moorhouse was born in Nowra, New South Wales, the youngest of three boys, to a New Zealand-born father, Frank Osborne Moorhouse, OAM, and mother, Purthanry Thanes Mary Moorhouse (nee Cutts), OAM. His mother was a direct descendant of John Boden Yeates (1807-1861), a British convict transported to Australia in 1837. His father was an inventor of agricultural machinery who, with his wife, established a factory in Nowra to make machinery for the dairy industry. Both his parents were active leaders in the community.

Moorhouse was a constant reader from an early age and often spoke of his desire to be a writer after reading Alice in Wonderland while bedridden for months from a serious accident at the age of twelve. The book was given to him by his sister-in-law, Muriel Moorhouse (nee Lewis,) on her first-ever visit to Nowra to meet the Moorhouse family. "After experiencing the magic of this book, I wanted to be the magician who made the magic." Moorhouse's infant and primary schooling was at Nowra and his secondary schooling at Wollongong Secondary Junior Technical (WSJT) High School to the Intermediate Certificate, and Nowra High School to Leaving Certificate. His military service included army school cadets for two years at WSJT including signals specialist course and cadet officer course. He completed his compulsory national military service of three months' basic training and three years part-time in the Reserve Army (infantry) in the University of Sydney Regiment and in the Riverina Regiment, Wagga Wagga (1957–1960). He studied units of undergraduate political science, Australian history, English, and journalism—law, history and practice—at the University of Queensland as an external student while working as a cadet newspaper journalist in Sydney and as a journalist in Wagga Wagga, without completing a degree.

Writing career
After leaving school, Moorhouse began his career as a copy boy and then trained as a cadet journalist on the Daily Telegraph (1955–1957). He then worked as a reporter and editor on country newspapers during the years 1958–1962; the Wagga Wagga Advertiser as a reporter, the Riverina Express as reporter, and the Lockhart Review as editor. He returned to Sydney to become an administrator and tutor in media studies for the Workers' Educational Association (WEA) and later became editor of the WEA magazine The Highway (1963–1965). He worked as a trade union organiser for the Australian Journalists' Association and as part-time editor of The Australian Worker newspaper of the AWU—a union representing shearers, drovers, and other rural workers—the oldest trade union newspaper in Australia (1964). In 1966, he was briefly editor of the country newspaper The Boorowa News.

At eighteen, he published his first short story, The Young Girl and the American Sailor, in Southerly magazine and this was followed by publication of early stories in Meanjin, Overland, Quadrant, Westerly, and other Australian literary magazines.

The author of 18 books, Moorhouse became a full-time fiction writer during the 1970s, also writing essays, short stories, journalism and film, radio, and TV scripts. During his early career he developed a narrative structure which he has described as the 'discontinuous narrative'. He lived for many years in Balmain where, together with Clive James, Germaine Greer, and Robert Hughes, he associated with the Sydney Push—an anarchistic movement that championed freedom of speech and sexual liberation. In 1975 he played a fundamental role in the evolution of copyright law in Australia in the case University of New South Wales v Moorhouse.

Moorhouse also wrote and lectured on the way communication and the control of communication has been developing and the relationship of creative professionals to the economy and to the political system. He was active in the defence of freedom of expression and in analysis of the issues affecting it and in the 1970s was arrested and prosecuted on a couple of occasions while campaigning against censorship. He was in turns the chairman, a director, and one of the founding group of the Australia Copyright Agency (CAL), which was set up by publishers and authors to coordinate the use of copyright and which now distributes millions of dollars annually to Australian writers. He was a past president of the Australian Society of Authors and a member of the Australian Press Council. He was also an organiser for the Australian Journalists' Association. Moorhouse was appointed a member of the Sydney PEN eminent writers panel in 2005.

He participated in Australian and overseas conferences in arts, communication and related areas and served as a guest lecturer and writer-in-residence at sundry Australian and overseas universities.

Personal life and death
Moorhouse married his high-school girlfriend Wendy Halloway in 1959, but they separated four years later, having no children. Thereafter he led a sometimes turbulent bisexual life shaped by his own androgyny, some of which is chronicled in his book Martini: A Memoir (Random House 2005). Moorhouse lived alone in Potts Point, Sydney. Early in his career he committed himself to a philosophy of personal candour, stating that there was no question a person could ask of him to which he would not try to give an honest answer. In his public commentary he questioned the notion of separation of public and private life and the concept of privacy.

Throughout his life he frequently voyaged alone on eight-day, map-and-compass, off-trail treks into wilderness areas. Right up until his death he still had his backpack ready, saying he would like to go on one last hike. He was also a gourmet with a special passion for oysters. He once said that he was a member of a think-tank called Wining and Dining.

During the researching and writing of his League of Nations novels—the 'Edith Trilogy' (1989–2011)—he lived in Besançon, France (close to Geneva), Washington D.C., Cambridge, and Canberra. To mark his 80th birthday, Prof. Wei Cheng (husband of his niece, Karin Moorhouse) painted his portrait. The oil painting, a tribute to his Edith Trilogy, now hangs in the Royal Automobile Club of Australia. It is one of just three known portraits of Frank, the other two painted by the late Adam Cullen.

Moorhouse died at a hospital in Sydney on 26 June 2022 at the age of 83. He is survived by his two brothers, Owen (born 1928) and Arthur (born 1932).

Awards and honours
In 1985, Moorhouse was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for service to Australian literature; and in 2001 he received the Centenary Medal for service to Australian society through writing. Moorhouse was conferred with a Doctor of Letters honoris causa by Griffith University.

In 2009, Moorhouse was awarded the Senior Fellowship of the Zukunftskolleg at the University of Konstanz. Moorhouse was conferred a Doctor of Letters honoris causa by the University of Sydney, and Doctor of the University by Griffith University.

Literary awards

 * 1975 National Award for Fiction winner: The electrical experience
 * 1988 The Age Book of the Year Award winner: Forty-seventeen won
 * 1988 Australian Literature Society's Gold Medal: Forty-seventeen
 * 1994 Adelaide Festival National Prize for Fiction winner: Grand Days
 * 2001 Miles Franklin Literary Award winner: Dark Palace, published in 2000.
 * 2012 Queensland Literary Award for Fiction winner: Cold Light
 * 2012 Miles Franklin Literary Award shortlist: Cold Light

The writer in a time of terror appeared in Griffith Review and won the 2007 Alfred Deakin Prize for an Essay Advancing Public Debate in the Victorian Premier's Literary Award and the award for Social Equity Journalism in The Walkley Awards for Excellence in Journalism.

The Coca-Cola Kid, a romantic comedy film based on Moorhouse's short stories in The Americans, Baby and The Electrical Experience, for which Moorhouse also wrote the screenplay, was entered into the 1985 Cannes Film Festival; although it did not receive an award.

Novels and novellas

 * Forty-Seventeen 1988, Viking
 * Grand Days (1993), Pan Macmillan
 * Dark Palace (2000) Random House, 678pp
 * Cold Light (2011) Random House
 * Cold Light (2011) Random House

Non-fiction

 * Moorhouse, Frank (2014) Australia Under Surveillance. Random House Australia. ISBN 9780857985989

Feature films

 * The American Poet's Visit (1969)
 * The Girl from the Family of Man (1970)
 * The Machine Gun (1971)
 * Between Wars (1974)
 * The Girl Who Met Simone de Beauvoir in Paris (1980)
 * The Coca-Cola Kid (1985)
 * The Everlasting Secret Family (1988)

TV films

 * Conferenceville (1976)
 * Time's Raging (1985)

Docudrama

 * The Disappearance of Azaria Chamberlain (1983)

Martini: A Memoir
Martini: A Memoir was published in 2005. Part autobiography, part history of the martini, the book's minimal plot involves deep conversations about the cocktail between the author and his martini-obsessed friend, V.I. Voltz, a character based on Moorhouse's friend, screenwriter Steven Katz.

The book includes love letters written by Moorhouse's ex-wife, the journalist Wendy James, to him during her time as a student in Nowra. She was deeply unhappy at their unauthorised publication and at the suggestion that she had had an affair with one of her teachers. James requested that any monies earned from the book's publication be donated to charity, suggesting that charities which aid children affected by AIDS would be suitable recipients. Moorhouse offered to return 20–30 letters to James but refused to apologise for the passages of the book dealing with the affair with the teacher saying, "Nowhere in the book is it seriously suggested that the ex-wife – not that it's purely Wendy – ever had an affair with her teacher. This idea exists only in the mind of the character – of the demented narrator-author."

title: Frank Moorhouse


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Imageboard/archive1

Imageboard
I've been sort of watching this article for a while and feel that I could use some input on what needs to be made better about it. Just start bashing away, though I don't think it's too bad. humblefool® 04:17, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not clear from this article how this differs from the various community art gallery web sites I've seen around the web? For example elfwood has a huge collection of amateur art, some of it quite good. — RJH 03:09, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Ffej

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 04:18, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
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Thanks for uploading Image:Bjorn Again.jpg. I notice the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this file yourself, then there needs to be a justification explaining why we have the right to use it on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you did not create the file yourself, then you need to specify where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

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title: User talk:Ffej


text:
Talk:Crow (poetry)

Hughes's versus Hughes'. It's a nit-pick. Either is correct. We need an article about Leonard Baskin, mentioned here. --KSnortum 04:19, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ...so I did it. --KSnortum 20:47, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

copyright violation
I don't think it's acceptable to quote such a long excerpt, the entirety of 'Lineage'. PeterGrecian 22:44, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

How about clipping the quotation instead of deleting the whole article? --KSnortum 21:51, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Crow (poetry)


text:
Fan Zhongyan

Fan Zhongyan (5 September 989 – 19 June 1052), courtesy name Xiwen (希文), was a Chinese military strategist, philosopher, poet, and politician of the Song dynasty. After serving the central government for several decades, Fan was appointed as prime minister or chancellor. Fan's philosophical, educational and political contributions continue to be influential to this day, and his writings remain a core component of the Chinese literary canon. His attitude towards official service is encapsulated by his oft-quoted line on the proper attitude of scholar-officials: "They were the first to worry the worries of all-under-Heaven, and the last to enjoy its joys". Fan was a respected Confucian scholar and one of the most prominent members of the Fan family.

Family history
Fan Zhongyan traces his lineage to Emperor Yao, Emperor Ku, and Emperor Huang. Emperor Yao is a 5th generation descendant of Emperor Huang (or Yellow Emperor), and the second son of Emperor Ku. Often extolled as the morally perfect and intelligent sage-emperor, Emperor Yao became the founding father of the “Power Bestowing System” (禪讓制), by abdicating his throne and bestowing the Emperor-hood to Shun (舜) instead of his own children to make Shun the Emperor Shun (帝舜), an act appraised by Confucianism as “Power Bestowing” for several thousand years. Emperor Yao's benevolence and diligence served as a model to future Chinese monarchs and emperors.

During the Zhou dynasty, Dubo (杜伯), a 51st generation decedent of Emperor Yao, the monarch of the TangDu Kingdom and a Marquis by hereditary, exhorted the then King Zhou Xuan, and was killed by King Zhou Xuan. His family left Kingdom Zhou to other Kingdoms subsequently. Shihui (士會), a descendant of Dubo, later became the grand marshal and governed the Jin Kingdom (see Jin dynasty). Shihui is the first person to have “Fan” (范) as family name. He was conferred the name Fàn with the territory of Fan (in Henan Province today) by the King of the Jin dynasty, and has been called Fan Wuzi (范武子, BC 660 - BC 583, see Fan clan since. From there, the Fan family became one of the most prominent governing families in the Jin dynasty, and the most powerful of the six controlling families of the Jin dynasty at the end of the Spring and Autumn period.

Among Fan Zhongyan’s famous ancestors is Fan Li, a prominent businessman from the Spring and Autumn period, who was the Chancellor of Kingdom Qi, a prominent statesman, military strategist, and the founding father of the Chinese commercial business who is worshiped as the "God of Prosperity" (or Caishen) by the Chinese. Fan Li was the lover and husband of Xi Shi, the No.1 of the renowned Four Beauties of ancient China, and said to be the most beautiful Chinese woman of all time. Fan Zhongyan's other ancestors include Fan Ju (范雎, d. 255 BCE), a powerful chancellor of the Qin dynasty. Fan Zhongyan is also a descendant of Fan Lübing (范履冰), a Grand Chancellor (see Grand councilor) of the Tang dynasty. Fan Zhongyan’s close ancestors all served as officials in the imperial governments. His grandfather Fan Zanshi (范贊時) famously passed the Imperial examination at age nine as a child prodigy.

All four sons of Fan Zhongyan served as officials in the imperial government of the Song dynasty, and two of them Fan Chunren and Fan Chunli also became Chancellors of China. Among Fan Zhongyan and his sons, and the families married with Fan Zhongyan's family, together there were eight Chancellors, indicating the powerful influence of Fan Zhongyan's family on the Song dynasty at the time.

 * Fan Mengli 范夢齡: Fan Zhongyan's great-grandfather, conferred as Duke of Xu 徐國公 posthumously
 * Fan Zanshi 范贊時: Fan Zhongyan's grand father, conferred as Duke of Cao 曹國公 and Duke of Tang 唐國公 posthumously
 * Fan Yong 范墉: Fan Zhongyan's father, conferred as Duke of Su 蘇國公 and Duke of Zhou 周國公 posthumously

Living descendants of Fan Zhongyan include Fan Lei, a famous American musician currently teaching at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing, China.

Early life
Fan Zhongyan, was born in Wu County, Su Prefecture. His father Fan Yong had been serving as an official of the government at different locations, and died the year after Fan Zhongyan was born. Fan Zhongyan's mother, Lady Xie, returned to Su Prefecture and buried her husband at the Fan clan's ancestral burial ground, Tianping Mountain. Two years later, due to poverty, Lady Xie remarried Zhu Wenhan (朱文翰), a government official in Wu County. Fan Zhongyan's name was subsequently changed to Zhu Yue (朱說). Fan Zhongyan moved with stepfather Zhu and mother Lady Xie to different places where Zhu took governmental posts. Always feeling grateful to stepfather Zhu's kindness, Fan tried to pay back the Zhu family after becoming successful.

Fan Zhongyan studied in residence at Changbai Mountain's Jiuquan Temple as a young boy. It's said he lived in hardship with little food everyday, but persisted on learning. He read almost all the books available to him.

After learning his Fan family origin as a young adult by accident, Fan Zhongyan bid farewell to his mother Lady Xie. He traveled far to today's Shaanxi province and befriended Taoist priests Zhou Debao, Qu Yingyuan, and other intellectuals such as Wang Zhu. The experience broadened Fan's views about the world. In year 1011, Fan started schooling at the Yingtian Institute (應天書院, in today's Henan province, the head of the Big Four Institutes (四大書院, similar to today's big four universities). He lived an austere lifestyle and studied hard. After several years, he had mastered different classics, and established his aspiration of being a generous and responsible official.

In 1015, he successfully passed the imperial examination and became a jinshi, after which he returned to using the Fan surname and received his mother again to provide for her.

Early career
In the 1020s, Fan served a variety of regional posts, including as magistrate for the Jiqing Army (in modern-day Bozhou, Anhui), and as a salt store inspector in Taizhou. He then became the county magistrate of Xinghua County (in modern-day coastal Jiangsu), where with his colleague and friend Teng Zongliang he engaged in a series of dyke-building activities along the coastal counties. Not long after the completion of this project, Fan's mother died and he resigned his post for filial mourning.

In the 1030s, Fan served as the prefect of Kaifeng. While there, he took on a young Ouyang Xiu as a disciple; a partnership that would become very important a decade later. However, after criticizing the Chief Councillor of the Song state when he submitted a proposal to reform criteria used in the advancement and demotion of officials, he was demoted to regional government.

In 1038, faced with the revolt of Li Yuanhao, the court dispatched Fan along with Han Qi to Shaanxi, to inspect the defences; they rendered effective support to end the revolt. Fan was recalled in 1040 when the Liao and Western Xia once again threatened Song borders from the north. Fan, who had long favored a strong defense, was brought back to devise a response to the northern threat.

Qingli Reforms
After the Song dynasty granted the Western Xia indemnities similar to those granted to the Liao dynasty in the Chanyuan Treaty, Fan, along with other advocates of Confucian ideals, sought reform at the court. He presented a ten-point proposal covering various aspects of government administration, including reforms to the recruitment system, higher pay for minor local officials to discourage corruption, and wider sponsorship programs to ensure that officials were drafted more on the basis of merit. However, many of the reforms that he introduced met with the opposition of conservative ministers who felt the system did not need drastic changes (and who felt threatened by the prospect of change halfway through their careers as state bureaucrats). The emperor rescinded the reforms in 1045, after Fan and his friend and colleague Ouyang Xiu had been charged with forming a faction, which was considered subversive by definition. Fan Zhongyan was relegated to the prefect of Dengzhou; there he established the influential Huazhou Academy. Nevertheless, his idealist approach to governance inspired others, like the later Chancellor Wang Anshi.

Educational reforms
Fan also began educational reforms in the 1040s. In the early Northern Song era, prefectural schools were neglected by the state and were left to the devices of wealthy patrons who provided private finances. While Chancellor, Fan Zhongyan issued an edict that provided government funding and private financing to restore and rebuild all prefectural schools that had fallen into disuse and abandoned since the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-960). Fan attempted to restore all county-level schools in the same manner, but did not designate where funds for the effort would be formally acquired and the decree was not taken seriously until the later Emperor Huizong of Song who expanded the county-level school system dramatically. Fan's trend of government funding for education set in motion the movement of public schools that eclipsed private academies, which would not be officially reversed until Emperor Lizong of Song in the mid 13th century.

Literary works
Fan Zhongyan's most famous work of literature is On Yueyang Tower (1046). The descriptive prose piece was composed at the invitation of Teng Zongliang, who was then the local prefect and had rebuilt the famed ancient tower. Yueyang Lou, a city gate by the side of Dongting Lake, was known as one of the three great towers in Southern China, due to their association with famous literary works (the others being Yellow Crane Tower and Pavilion of Prince Teng).

This piece was written at Huazhou Academy in Nanyang, not at Yueyang Tower. It contains a very famous line on the role of scholar-officials in China, which describes their ideal state of mind: They were "the first to worry the worries of All-under-Heaven, and the last to enjoy its joys" "先天下之憂而憂，後天下之樂而樂". These lines sum up the scholar-official's idealised self-image of self-denial and loyal service.

is also a famous quotation of his. This quote comes from Ling Wu Fu 《靈烏賦》 in 1036, which was written in reply to the advice of a friend, Mei Yaochen (梅堯臣). Mei tried to persuade Fan to stop bearing so much concern for others and to start caring for his own career and life. In response, Fan told a fable about a spirit bird, using the metaphor to express his aspirations. It embodies the moral integrity, sound conscience, and responsibility for others required of a scholar-official, called "The Moral Responsibilities of Intellectuals".

Fan Zhongyan was known for his ci poetry. Among the most famous are Su Mu Zhe (蘇幕遮) (written primarily to convey homesickness) and Yu Jia Ao (漁家傲). Together with Su Shi, he was considered one of the founders of the haofang (豪放) school of ci.

To the Tune "Screened by Su curtain" - Nostalgia

Family
Fan Zhongyan and his wife who was from Peng Clan (彭氏) had four sons, all of whom also entered the government:
 * Fan Chunyou (范纯佑, 1024—1063)
 * Fan Chunren (范纯仁, 1027—1101), Chancellor of the Song dynasty, prominent member of the conservative faction during the Wang Anshi Reforms, ratified as the Duke of Zhongxuan (忠宣公) posthumously
 * Fan Chunli (范纯礼, 1031一1106), Chancellor of the Song dynasty, ratified as the Duke of Gongxian (恭獻公) posthumously
 * Fan Chuncui (范纯粹, 1046—1117)

Overseas Branch Descendants
Fan Zhongyan had many descendants. According to the Book of Gaoping Fan Clan Genealogy (高平范氏族谱), his 9th descendant is Fan Fachuan (范法传) who lived at Meixian in Guangdong Province and truly integrated into Hakka Chinese society. Fan Daliang (范达亮), 12th descendant from Fan Fachuan and 21st descendant from Fan Zhongyan who migrated to Nanyang or Southeast Asia and arrived in 1879 at Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia when he was 18. Fan Daliang had another spelling name in Indonesia because influenced by the spelling of the Dutch language: "Hoan Tat Liang" or "Hoan Tat Liong". The second name of Fan Daliang is Hoan Tje Huang (范之皇) as a kleermaker, garment business owner, and fabric shop owner. Hoan Tat Liang had seven children by married to Sundanese women who called Arengsih or Nyai Hoan Tat Liang.

Sons :
 * Fan Binghe (范炳和) or Hoan Piang Ho married to Boen Ih Nio (温诒娘)
 * Fan Linhe (范麟和) or Hoan Lin Ho married to Jao Jen Moy (姚园妹) and Oey Roe Nio (黄如娘)
 * Fan Honghe (范鸿和) or Hoan Fung Ho married to Oey Hap Nio (黄合娘)

Daughters:
 * Fan Cainiang (范彩娘) or Hoan Tjai Nio married to Kang Boen Hie (江汶禧)
 * Fan Caifeng (范彩凤) or Hoan Tjai Hoeng married to Tjiong Clan (蒋氏)
 * Fan Caiding (范彩定) or Hoan Tjai Tin married to Lo Clan (罗氏)
 * Fan Cailai (范彩来) or Hoan Tjai Loy married to The Sin Keng (郑承庆), son of Luitenant der Chinezen The Tjiauw Yong te Cheribon

title: Fan Zhongyan