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Light novel

A light novel (ライトノベル, Hepburn: raito noberu) is a type of popular literature novel native to Japan, usually classified as young adult fiction targeting teens to twenties. The definition is very vague, and wide-ranging.

The abbreviation of "raito noberu" is ranobe (ラノベ) or, in English, LN.

The average length of a light novel is about 50,000 words, and is published in the bunkobon format (A6, 10.5 x). Light novels are subject to dense publishing schedules, with new installments being published in 3–9-month intervals.

Light novels are commonly illustrated in a manga art style and are often adapted into manga and anime. While most light novels are published only as books, some have their chapters first serialized monthly in anthology magazines before being collected and compiled into book format, similar to how manga is published.

Details
Light novels developed from pulp magazines. Plots frequently involve romantic comedy and isekai fantasy. To please their audience, in the 1970s, most of the Japanese pulp magazines began to put illustrations at the beginning of each story and included articles about popular anime, movies and video games. The direction of light novels evolved to cater to newer generations of readers, with light novels becoming fully illustrated in the popular art style. The popular serials then began to be printed in their now known novel format.

Often light novels are chosen to be adapted into manga, anime, and live-action films. Some of them are serialized in literary magazines such as Faust, Gekkan Dragon Magazine, The Sneaker and Dengeki hp, or media franchise magazines like Comptiq and Dengeki G's Magazine.

Light novels have a reputation as being "mass-produced and disposable," an extreme example being Kazuma Kamachi who wrote one novel a month for two years straight, and the author turnover rate is very high. As such, publishing companies are constantly searching for new talent with annual contests, many of which earn the winner a cash prize and publication of their novel. The Dengeki Novel Prize is the largest, with over 6,500 submissions (2013) annually. They are all clearly labeled as "light novels" and are published as low-priced paperbacks. For example, the price for The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya in Japan is ¥540 (including 5% tax), similar to the normal price for trade paperbacks—light novels and general literature—sold in Japan. In 2007 it was estimated (according to a website funded by the Japanese government) that the market for light novels was about ¥20 billion (US$170 million at the exchange rate at the time) and that about 30 million copies were published annually. Kadokawa Corporation's publishing subsidiary, which owns major labels like Kadokawa Sneaker Bunko and Dengeki Bunko, has a 70% to 80% share of the market. In 2009, light novels made ¥30.1 billion in sales, or about 20% of all sales of bunkobon format paperback books in Japan.

There are currently many licensed English translations of Japanese light novels available. These have generally been published in the physical dimensions of standard mass market paperbacks or similar to manga tankōbon, but starting in April 2007, Seven Seas Entertainment was the first English publisher to print light novels in their original Japanese bunkobon format. Other United States English-language publishers that license light novels are Tokyopop, Viz Media, DMP, Dark Horse, J-Novel Club, Yen Press (Kadokawa's American joint-venture with Hachette Book Group), and Del Rey Manga. The founder of Viz Media, Seiji Horibuchi, speculates that the US market for light novels will experience a similar increase in popularity as it has in the Japanese subculture once it becomes recognized by the consumer audience.

History
Popular literature has a long tradition in Japan. Even though cheap, pulp novels resembling light novels were present in Japan for years prior, the creation of Sonorama Bunko in 1975 is considered by some to be a symbolic beginning. Science fiction and horror writers like Hideyuki Kikuchi or Baku Yumemakura started their careers through such imprints. Another origin is the serialization of Record of Lodoss War in the magazine Comptiq. Kim Morrissy of Anime News Network reported that Keita Kamikita, the system operator of a science fiction and fantasy forum, is usually credited with coining the term "light novel" in 1990. After noticing that the science fiction and fantasy novels that had emerged in the 1980s were also attracting anime and manga fans because of their illustrations by famous manga artists, Kamikita avoided using terms like "young adult" because the novels did not appeal to one particular demographic.

The 1990s saw the smash-hit Slayers series which merged fantasy-RPG elements with comedy. Some years later MediaWorks founded a pop-lit imprint called Dengeki Bunko, which produces well-known light novel series to this day. The Boogiepop series was their first major hit which soon was animated and got many anime watchers interested in literature.

Dengeki Bunko writers continued to slowly gain attention until the small light novel world experienced a boom around 2006. After the huge success of the Haruhi Suzumiya series, the number of publishers and readers interested in light novels suddenly skyrocketed.

Light novels became an important part of the Japanese 2D culture in the late 2000s, with series such as A Certain Magical Index selling large amounts of copies with each volume release. The number of light novels series put out every year increases, usually illustrated by the most celebrated artists from pixiv and the most successful works are adapted into manga, anime, games and live-action movies.

Since the mid-2000s, it has become increasing popular for publishers to contact authors of web fiction on their blog or website to publish their work in print form. The material is often heavily edited and may even feature an altered story, which might compel someone who had already read it online to buy the print release as well. The free novel publication website Shōsetsuka ni Narō is a popular source for such material. Popular works like Sword Art Online, That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime, Overlord, Re:Zero and KonoSuba were originally popular web novels that got contacted by a publisher to distribute and publish those stories in print format.

In recent times, there has been a venture to publish more light novels in the United States. The leader of this, publisher Yen Press, is a joint venture between Hachette Book Group and Japanese publisher Kadokawa. Other publishers such as Seven Seas Entertainment, Viz Media (owned by Shogakukan and Shueisha), Vertical (owned by Kodansha USA), One Peace Books, J-Novel Club, Cross Infinite Worlds, Sol Press have all been making an effort to publish more light novels in English. Additionally, light novel authors have been starting to make guest appearances overseas at anime conventions. The 2019 Anime Expo, one of the biggest Anime conventions of the year, featured creators such as Kumo Kagyu, author of Goblin Slayer, and Fujino Omori, the author of Is It Wrong to Pick up Girls in a Dungeon?.

One popular genre in the light novel category is isekai (異世界) or "different world" stories. In these stories usually feature an ordinary person that is transported from a modern city life to a world of fantasy and adventure. Sword Art Online, a web novel initially published in 2002, contributed to the popularization of 'Isekai' as a genre. This web novel became extremely popular, forming various adaptations such as an anime, manga, and even various movies and spinoff series. Because of the success of Sword Art Online, other novels such as KonoSuba, Overlord and Re:Zero became increasingly more popular. The success of Sword Art Online and 'isekai' as a whole contributed to the creation of write-your-own fiction websites in Japan and increasing popularity of light novels in the west as well.

Taiwan and Hong Kong
The Kadokawa Group's local subsidiary, Kadokawa Taiwan, translated and sold Chinese versions of their own light novels in Taiwan and Hong Kong, after being established as the first overseas branch in 1999 by Kadokawa Japan. In 2007, Chingwin and Shueisha signed an exclusive contract to publish Super Dash Bunko and Cobalt Bunko under the name Elite Novels. Subsequently, GA Bunko and HJ Bunko, which were slowly starting to gain popularity in Japan, also signed exclusive contracts with local publishers. As time went on, the original exclusive contracts were gradually opened to other publishers.

Mainland China
Translated versions of Kadokawa works are published by Kadokawa's Chinese subsidiary, Guangzhou Tenmon Kadokawa Doman Co. Ltd. In addition to Japanese light novels, there are works by Chinese as well as Taiwanese authors. There is also a magazine called Tenman Light Novels, which established a Newcomer's Award and says that the awards for the best full-length works may even be presented in Japan. Additionally, translated versions of other works such as Nisio Isin's Katanagatari have also been published in China.

South Korea
In South Korea, Daewon C.I., Haksan Publishing and Seoul Cultural Publishers, Inc are known to translate many popular Japanese titles, and they are easily available at larger bookstores. The publication pace is quite fast, and it can be said that Korea is one of the countries outside of Japan that accepts Japanese light novels the most. Like in other countries, there are awards as well.

U.S. and Europe
In the United States, hundreds of different light novels have been translated into English, the two largest publishers being Yen Press and Seven Seas Entertainment. The success of anime adapted from light novels, such as Sword Art Online, along with the surge in popularity of the isekai genre has helped to make light novels more mainstream. Furthermore, online book stores, particularly Amazon Kindle, have a tendency to overly recommend light novel titles after a customer has purchased one which, along with Ebooks being more accessible than physical books, has boosted their sales.

In Europe, TOKYOPOP mainly translated and publishes works by the Kadokawa Group and Cobalt Bunko in Germany, for which publishing is done by Carlsen Verlag.

title: Light novel


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Leo Leung

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Speedy delete since there is no context. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 19:02, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Leo Leung

 * This is a vanity page and should be deleted. Gblaz 20:39, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, but congratulations Mr and Mrs Leung. --Ian Pitchford 17:49, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Fruko y sus Tesos

Fruko y sus Tesos is a salsa group from Colombia that is popular in both Latin America and the United States. It was formed in 1969 by multi-instrumentalist Julio Ernesto Estrada (aka Fruko). Beginning with Tesura in 1969, the band has recorded 42 albums to date. The band achieved a degree of success after Joe Arroyo was recruited as lead singer in 1973.

A Medellin native, Julio Ernesto "Fruko" Estrada Rincón was expelled from school for fighting and began his musical career at the age of 15 as a studio musician for Discos Fuentes record company. Noticed by Lisandro Meza, Estrada was added to Meza's popular group, Los Corraleros de Majagual. In 1968, Los Corraleros traveled to New York City giving Fruko his first opportunity to experience the city's burgeoning salsa scene. Fruko was influenced by New York City's salsa greats Richie Ray, Willie Colon, Ray Barretto, and Eddie Palmieri. In the 1970s, Estrada helped mold the Colombian salsa scene, acting as arranger, bass player, studio musician, and bandleader for his Tesos as well as backing the highly successful Colombian salsa band, The Latin Brothers, plus launching salsa acts Afrosound in 1973 and Wganda Kenya in 1976, Former lead singer Wilson Manyoma remembered Estrada as a strict leader.

One of their most popular songs is "El Preso" recorded in 1975 and sung by Wilson "Saoko" Manyoma. In an interview, Estrada said it "became a world anthem of salsa music". The song was composed by the band's percussionist Álvaro Velásquez. The lyrics are the narration of a prisoner ("preso") serving 30 years. The actual inspiration for songwriter Velásquez was a friend's letter describing another friend's pain being jailed for 30 years on a drug charge.

In 1998, when Colombia secured a position in that year's FIFA World Cup, Fruko came up with the team song: "La Pachanga Del Futbol." This proved to be one of Fruko's more endearing and infectious hits.

In 2013, Estrada ran for the Colombian Senate on the ticket of the governing party of President Juan Manuel Santos. In an interview with Colombia's Semana, Fruko said his purpose was to "defend the arts", representing the rights of musicians who often outlive their commercial success. He was inspired by salsa musician Rubén Blades who attained elected office in Panama.

The nickname "Fruko" came from the advertising doll of a popular Colombian fruit company called FRUCO ("Frutera Colombiana"), for which friends saw a resemblance to Estrada. Estrada changed the "C" in the Fruco trademark to "K" to differentiate himself from the brand name. The name was ironic because the Fruco doll advertised tomato 'salsa', meaning tomato 'sauce', whereas "Fruko" Estrada introduced to Colombia the style of music also called 'salsa'.

Joe Arroyo
"Fruko" Estrada discovered teenager Arroyo, who started by singing in bordellos, in 1972 and in 1973 installed him as primary lead vocals for Fruko y sus Tesos. Arroyo left to embark on a solo career, forming his Joe Arroyo y la Verdad group in 1981. Arroyo's "La Rebelión" is one of the most successful songs in the history of salsa music.

Wilson "Saoko" Manyoma
Wilson "Saoko" Manyoma, from Cali, Colombia was discovered by Fruko Estrada. Manyoma sang lead on some of the group's most important tracks, beginning on the album Ayunando, and including "El Preso" before leaving to pursue a solo career.

Edulfamid "Piper Pimienta" Diaz
"Piper Pimienta" Díaz rotated lead vocals in the early 1970s before moving on to perform with The Latin Brothers and recording solo.

title: Fruko y sus Tesos


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Haydarpaşa railway station

Haydarpaşa station (Haydarpaşa Garı) is a railway station in Istanbul, that was, until 2012 the main city terminal for trains travelling to and from the Anatolian side of Turkey. It used to be Turkey's busiest railway station. (Its counterpart on the European side of the city was Sirkeci station which served train services to and from the Thracian side of the country.) The station building still houses the headquarters for District 1 of the State Railways but since a fire in 2010 the station has not been in use and its future remains uncertain.

Haydarpaşa stands on an embankment over the Bosphorus just south of the Port of Haydarpaşa (one of the main container terminals in Turkey) and is slightly north of busy Kadıköy. Until the rail service was suspended, ferry services connected it to Eminönü, Karaköy and Kadıköy.

The closure of the station has been very controversial and a group known as the Haydarpaşa Solidarity Group (Haydarpaşa Dayanışması) has staged regular protest sit-ins in front of it amid fears that the station and port would be sold; a plan involving seven skyscrapers provoked especially strong adverse reaction. In December 2015, the reintegration of Haydarpaşa station into the Marmaray network was theoretically approved along with the restoration and rehabilitation of the station building and platforms. However, in 2022 its future still remained unclear.

Ottoman era (1872–1922)
In 1871 Sultan Abdülaziz ordered the first railway line to be built from Haydarpaşa in Istanbul to İzmit. Haydarpaşa station opened in 1872, by which time the railway extended as far as Gebze. In 1888 the Anatolian Railway (Chemins de fer Ottomans d'Anatolie, CFOA) took over the line and the station. Since the station was built right beside the Bosphorus, freight trains could unload at Haydarpaşa and the freight could be transferred straight to ships. Haydarpaşa station saw its first regular passenger service - daily train from Haydarpaşa to İzmit - in 1890. In 1892 the CFOA laid a line to Ankara and shortly afterwards a daily train started to run between the two cities.

Haydarpaşa was chosen as the northern terminus for the Baghdad Railway and the Hejaz Railway in 1904, and, with rail traffic increasing, a larger building was required. The Anatolian Railway hired two German architects, Otto Ritter and Helmut Conu, to build the new building. They chose a Neo-classical design and construction started in 1906. Its foundation is based on 1100 wooden piles, each 21 m long, driven into the soft shore by a steam hammer. German and Italian stonemasons crafted the decoration of the exterior. The work was completed on land reclaimed from the sea on 19 August 1909 and the new terminal was inaugurated on 4 November 1909 for the birthday of Mehmed V. While the work was in progress the community of German engineers and craftsmen established a small German neighbourhood with its own school in the Yeldeğirmeni quarter of Kadıköy.

World War I broke out in 1914 and the Ottoman Empire sided with the Central Powers against the Allied Powers. When the Ottomans lost İstanbul was taken over by the British Empire and Haydarpaşa fell under British military control during the occupation.

In 1917 the architect Vedat Tek designed the pretty terminal decorated with Kütahya tiles where ferries used to deposit would-be train passengers in front of the station.

Republican era (1923–present)
The Turkish Independence War ended on 29 October 1923 with the British withdrawal from Istanbul and the formation of the Republic of Turkey. Haydarpaşa terminal was still under CFOA control but in 1927 the newly formed Turkish State Railways (TCDD) took over the CFOA and the terminal as part of the process of nationalising all the Turkish railways. In 1927 the CIWL started a premier train service, the all-sleeper Anatolian Express, that travelled daily between Haydarpaşa and Ankara. In 1938 the Eastern Express started running from Haydarpaşa to the eastern Turkish city of Kars, a distance of 1994 km. The famous Taurus Express from Haydarpaşa to Baghdad, a distance of 2566 km, entered service in 1940. In 1965 the Trans-Asia Express began running from Haydarpaşa to Tehran, a distance of 3059 km. In 1969 the tracks from Haydarpaşa to Gebze were electrified with 25 kV AC catenary for the Haydarpaşa-Gebze commuter line.

In 1979 a tanker burning on the Bosphorus damaged the terminal building, but it was restored a few months later. On 28 November 2010 a fire caused by carelessness during restoration work destroyed the station's roof and the 4th floor. Three people were sentenced to ten months in prison for "recklessly causing the fire".

In 2011 the World Monuments Fund, the New York-based heritage preservation organisation, placed the railway terminal on its 2012 Watch, drawing attention to its uncertain future. In November 2012 the station hosted a three-day art exhibition entitled Haydarpasa: Past, Present and Uncertain Future, which was organised in collaboration with the WMF, and featured Canadian and Turkish artists and photographers seeking to raise international interest in preserving the station as a transportation hub.

On 2 February 2012 Haydarpaşa Station closed to long-distance trains to allow for the construction of the Istanbul–Ankara high-speed railway and the Marmaray which now connects Istanbul's Asian and European sides, halting train services between Istanbul and the Anatolian region of Turkey). Although work on the Marmaray has now been completed along with high-speed train services to Ankara, Konya and Eskişehir, these now leave from stations other than Haydarpaşa which remained closed and under restoration in 2022.

Archaeological excavations

In 2018, remains of a Byzantine coastal town were uncovered during restoration work on the station. The excavations also unearthed a Byzantine-era fountain, a large fortification wall and a ceramic brick kiln. Dozens of graves were also discovered; in October 2018, archaeologists found an intact skeleton wearing a scented necklace. Jewellery and coins dating back to between 610-641 and 527-565 A.D were also found.

A podium made of sheared rectangular blocks found between the railway platforms is believed to date back to the Hellenistic era.

Historic monuments in the vicinity of the station

The small Haydarpaşa Cemetery is dedicated to the British and Commonwealth soldiers who lost their lives during the Crimean War (1854–1856) and the two World Wars. It also contains the graves of members of the Levantine community who used to live in Kadıköy and Moda.

The north-west wing of the 19th-century Selimiye Barracks was transformed into a military hospital during the Crimean War and became the place where the nursing pioneer Florence Nightingale cared for wounded and infected British soldiers. Her room is maintained in a small museum which also contains other items dating from the Crimean War. Permission from the military is required before visiting the museum.

The buildings of the Haydarpaşa Numune Hospital, GATA Military Hospital, Dr. Siyami Ersek Hospital and the present-day Haydarpaşa Campus of the Marmara University designed by architects Alexander Vallaury and Raimondo D'Aronco are also near the station.

title: Haydarpaşa railway station


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Republic Steel

Republic Steel is an American steel manufacturer that was once the country's third largest steel producer. It was founded as the Republic Iron and Steel Company in Youngstown, Ohio in 1899. After rising to prominence during the early 20th Century, Republic suffered heavy economic losses and was eventually bought out before re-emerging in the early 2000s as a subsidiary. The company currently manufactures Special Bar Quality (SBQ) steel bars and employs around 2,000 people. It is currently owned by Grupo Simec, based in Guadalajara, Mexico.

Origins and rise to prominence
In 1927, Cyrus S. Eaton acquired and combined Republic with several other small steel companies, with the goal of becoming large enough to rival U.S. Steel. The newly named Republic Steel Corporation was headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, and became America's third largest steel company, trailing only U.S. Steel and Bethlehem Steel after acquiring Bourne-Fuller Company and the Central Alloy Steel Company (located in Massillon, Ohio) in the 1930s.

In April 1937 Republic acquired all assets and debts of the Gulf States Steel Company for 2+1/3 shares of Republic stock for each share of Gulf Steel stock. This was the first time Republic controlled steel making and rolling facilities in the South in its new Gulf State district in Gadsden, Alabama, to complement its mine and pig iron production facilities in the company's Birmingham district.

Tom M. Girdler became the first chairman of the board of directors. Eaton hired Girdler from Jones and Laughlin Steel Company, where he had served as president. Girdler modernized Republic Steel with the introduction of better alloys such as "light steel". During World War II, while still chairman of Republic Steel, Girdler relocated to California to serve as chief executive officer of Consolidated Aircraft, a military aircraft manufacturer. Following the war, Girdler left Consolidated to run Republic's aviation department.

Republic Steel was known for its labor problems during the Depression. On Memorial Day, May 26, 1937, a strike escalated into the Memorial Day massacre of 1937, in which Chicago police fired into an unarmed group of protesters, and killed ten, four outright. This was documented by the 1937 short film Republic Steel Strike Riot Newsreel Footage. Girdler never signed the labor contract.

When Girdler retired in 1945, Charles M. White was named chairman of the company. White was a protégé of Girdler's at Jones & Laughlin Steel, and was appointed assistant vice president in charge of operations at Republic Steel in May 1930. Five years later, when Girdler was appointed president of Republic Steel, White was promoted to take over Girdler's role as vice president of operations. In 1945, White was elected president of Republic Steel by the company's board of directors. He replaced Rufus Wysor, who retired. In 1960, at the age of 70, Charles M. White retired as chairman of Republic Steel. He remained on the board of directors until 1966, and was given the title of honorary chairman.

Thomas Patton, a private attorney who worked on the merger that formed Republic Steel was hired in 1936 to form Republic's internal legal department. As general counsel in the 1930s and 1940s, he negotiated with workers on behalf of management during the steel strikes. He went on to become president, then chief executive and chairman.

Innovations
Republic Steel built a steel rolling mill in 1958 in Cotorro, Cuba. Plant manager Ernest Breedlove fled Cuba with his new Cuban bride when Fidel Castro confiscated the plant and shipped the newly installed machinery to the Soviet Union. Breedlove built another modern plant for Compania Fundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey, S. A. in Monterrey Mexico and later pioneered the mini-mill concept at Nucor Steel.

Republic Steel was one of the last major steel firms to use low-phosphorus Adirondack magnetites, operating the Chateaugay Ore & Iron Company in Lyon Mountain, New York from 1939 to 1967. The Chateaugay mine was one of the deepest commercial iron ore mines in the United States, with stopes as much as 3,500 feet (1,050 m) below the surface.

Decline, merger, and re-launch
Republic Steel remained prosperous until the 1970s, when rising foreign imports, labor costs, and other factors caused severe stress at Republic and throughout the steel industry in the U.S.

In 1984, Republic merged into the Jones and Laughlin Steel subsidiary of the LTV Corporation, with the new entity being known as LTV Steel. An employee stock ownership plan bought LTV's steel bar division and renamed it Republic Engineered Steels in 1989. In 1998, Republic Engineered Steels merged with Bar Technologies to become Republic Technologies International. Republic Engineered Products was established in December 2003 with the purchase of operating assets from Republic Engineered Products LLC. In July 2005 RES was acquired by Industrias CH, S.A de C.V. (ICH). In September 2011 RES changed its name to Republic Steel.

Recent corporate history
In April 2014, the company agreed to pay a $2.4 million fine to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and agreed to "settle alleged health and safety violations" at four Republic Steel facilities—in Canton, Lorain and Massillon in Ohio, and in Blasdell, New York. OSHA said they found over 100 violations of health and safety at the facilities run by Republic.

In August 2023, Republic Steel has announced it will "indefinitely idle" steelmaking operations in Canton and Lackawanna, New York, ending leaded steel production in the United States.

About 500 steelworkers will be furloughed indefinitely, owner Grupo Simec said Thursday. Republic Steel, which is headquartered in Canton, is a subsidiary of the Mexican company. They are leading suppliers of special bar quality steel (SBQ) and the only producers of leaded steel in North America.

Jaime Vigil, a Republic Steel board member and executive advisor, said Grupo Simec exhausted all other options before deciding to idle operations.

“We’re facing an extremely challenging SBQ market in the U.S., with competitive market pricing and decreased demand," he said in a prepared statement. "At the same time, we’ve had to deal with increasing input costs on all raw materials, consumables, and labor, all as a result of the inflationary environment in the U.S. over the past year.”

Grupo Simec stated that U.S. customers will be served without interruption by its steel mill in Tlaxcala, Mexico.

Grupo Simec said that the company invested $10 million in the Canton facility over the past several years to comply with environmental regulations, particularly the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for lead.

"Although Republic Steel has, for the past two years, remained in strict compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for the production of leaded steel, ensuring future environmental compliance while producing steel in facilities that are up to 125 years old proved to be too challenging," according to the company's announcement. "As a result, Grupo Simec felt it would be most environmentally responsible to do so at its new, state-of-the-art mill in Tlaxcala."

Vigil said the move is the only way to reliably supply steel products at a competitive price point. He thanked the U.S. steelworkers for their contributions.

"Republic Steel employees are hard-working and dedicated," he said in the prepared statement. "Their roots date back to the late 1800s. They’re an important reason this company has been a leader in this industry for so long."

title: Republic Steel


text:
Flora Wovschin

Flora Don Wovschin (born 20 February 1923) was a suspected Soviet spy who later renounced her American citizenship.

Biography
Wovschin was born in New York City. Her mother was Maria Wicher and her stepfather was Enos Regnet Wicher. She attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Columbia University and Barnard College. At Barnard, she was active in the American Students Union and may have been a member of American Youth for Democracy. She attended Barnard College with Marion Davis Berdecio and Judith Coplon, both of whom Wovschin later recruited into service for the NKVD.

From 9 September 1943 to 20 February 1945, she worked in the Office of War Information, then transferred to the Department of State. She resigned from the State Department 20 September 1945. Wovschin acted as courier between Coplon and Soviet intelligence. Wovschin transmitted to the Soviet Union the information that the Americans had somehow become aware of NKVD internal codenames for various American institutions, including CLUB, HOUSE, BANK and CABARET, as used in the NKVD's most secret communications. After the war, she renounced her American citizenship and travelled to the Soviet Union where she married a Soviet engineer. An FBI counterintelligence report on Wovschin has a hand-written note in the margin stating she may have died serving as a nurse in North Korea. Her code name in Soviet intelligence and in the Venona project is "Zora".

title: Flora Wovschin


text: Category:Administrative divisions of India


text:
Talk:Roman Catholic Bishop of Chicago

Auxiliary bishops do not hold the title of the diocese under which they serve. Instead, they hold the title of their titular see and their vicariate, whether general or episcopal. Only diocesan and coadjutor bishops hold the title of the see under which they serve.

As an example, the title of Most Rev. Gustavo Garcia-Siller would be Bishop of Eslo, Vicar Episcopal of the Diocese of Chicago. Pmadrid 20:42, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Roman Catholic Bishop of Chicago


text:
Alexander Maconochie

Alexander Maconochie may refer to:

 * Alexander Maconochie, Lord Meadowbank (1777–1861)
 * Alexander Maconochie (penal reformer) (1787–1860)
 * Alexander Maconochie Centre, the gaol in the Australian Capital Territory

title: Alexander Maconochie


text:
Talk:Toluene diisocyanate

The #2 reference was added incorrectly. Someone with some time on their hands should fix it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 157.166.167.129 (talk) 21:09, 5 December 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅--Smokefoot (talk) 01:12, 7 December 2011 (UTC)

External Link #2 fixed.--Becalmed (talk) 02:35, 16 August 2015 (UTC)

Toluene diisocyanate is in the news about the explosion at Tianjin, China
It is claimed to react violently with water. It would be nice if this Wikipedia entry could contain some information on this reaction. --Becalmed (talk) 02:35, 16 August 2015 (UTC)
 * The Guardian: Tianjin explosion
 * The references indicate it was in the warehouse not that it caused it. Being stored in a warehouse is not notable and I may remove the sentence on that basis.JSR (talk) 17:03, 6 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Toluene diisocyanate


text: User talk:129.105.195.162

title: User talk:129.105.195.162


text:
Jutras

Jutras may have several meanings :

 * Claude Jutra: an award-winning French Canadian filmmaker
 * Jutra Award: Film awards formerly given in the Canadian province of Quebec, named after the filmmaker and now known as Prix Iris
 * The Claude Jutra Award: An award formerly given by the Canadian Genie Awards for a director's first feature film and now known as the Canadian Screen Award for Best First Feature
 * Benoît Jutras, composer
 * Normand Jutras, a politician
 * René Jutras, a politician
 * Manon Jutras, an athlete
 * Paul Jutras, a Canadian film editor

title: Jutras


text:
UEFA Women's Champions League

The UEFA Women's Champions League, previously called the UEFA Women's Cup (2001–2009), is a European women's association football competition. It involves the top club teams from countries affiliated with the European governing body UEFA.

The competition was first played in 2001–02 under the name UEFA Women's Cup, and renamed the Champions League for the 2009–10 edition. The most significant changes in 2009 were the inclusion of runners-up from the top eight ranked nations, a one-off final as opposed to the two-legged finals in previous years, and – until 2018 – playing the final in the same city as the men's UEFA Champions League final. In the 2021–22 season, the competition proper included a group stage for the first time in the Women's Champions League era.

Lyon is the most successful club in the competition's history, winning the title eight times, including five consecutive titles from 2016 to 2020. Barcelona are the current champions, having beaten Lyon in the 2024 final.

The idea of creating two new women's European Cups is regularly raised to offer more matches.

UEFA Women's Cup (2001–2009)
For the tournament's first 3 editions, a preliminary round was first played to reduce teams to 32. Starting in the second season, this stage grouped teams into mini-tournaments of four teams, whose winners advanced to the second qualifying round, sometimes called the group stage. The group stage was eight groups of four, each group held as a round-robin in a single country, whose winners advanced to the quarter-finals.

From the 2004–05 season, the first qualifying stage was expanded to 9 groups of 4, again playing a round-robin in a single location. Seven teams got a bye to the group stage. (in 2007–08, it was 10 groups of 4, advancing winners plus one runner-up, with 5 teams getting a bye). The group stage was then played among only 16 teams in four groups of four, each group in a single host country, with the top two teams in each group advancing to the quarter-finals.

The knock-out rounds were played as two-legged home-and-home matches, including the final (except for the first final).

Champions League (2009–2021)
On 11 December 2008, UEFA announced that the competition would be reformatted and renamed to the UEFA Women's Champions League beginning with the 2009-10 competition. As in the men's game, the new tournament aimed to include runners-up of the top women's football leagues in Europe.

The competition was opened to the champions of all 55 UEFA associations that had a qualifying women's league. Due to the varying participation, the number of teams playing the qualifying round changed from year to year. Numbers were based on three principles:
 * Qualifying rounds are contested by groups of 4 teams.
 * Group winners, plus the smallest possible number of runners-up, qualify for the Round of 32.
 * Teams from the top associations would enter directly into the Round of 32.

Competition from the Round of 32 onwards would be in the form of home-and-home pairings using the away goals rule, except for the single-legged final.

Minor adjustments
When the new format was initially announced, the eight top countries according to the UEFA league coefficient were awarded two places in the league, with runners-up participating in the qualifying rounds.

For the 2011–12 tournament, the runners-up from the top eight nations instead qualified directly to the R32. For the five years under this format, seven nations remained in the top eight: Germany, Sweden, England, France, Denmark, Russia, and Italy. A different nation provided the eighth runner-up in each of the five years: Iceland, Norway, Austria, Czech Republic, and Spain in that order.

The tournament was expanded for the 2016–17 season, with the runners-up from nations 9–12 in UEFA league coefficient also qualifying. For the first three years under this format, the four nations in these slots were Czech Republic, Austria, Scotland, and Norway. For the 2019–20 season, Switzerland replaced Norway, and for the final season under this format, Norway, Kazakhstan, and The Netherlands replaced Russia, Scotland, and Austria in the top 12.

In all 11 editions of the competition under this general format, qualifying rounds consisted of between 7 and 10 groups-of-4, advancing qualifying-group winners plus 0-2 top-ranked runners-up, varying year to year based on team counts. The number of teams entering at the Round of 32 also varied slightly, between 20-25.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced a slight restructuring of the 2019-20 and 2020-21 competitions. At the start of the pandemic the Round of 16 had been completed; the quarterfinals and on were delayed and eventually played as single-legged matches in the summer of 2020. The qualifying rounds of the 2020-21 competition switched to single-legged matches, with 20 pairings of teams in the first round and 10 pairings in the second round, the winners joining 22 top teams in the Round of 32, which was normal from that point on aside from most matches being played behind closed doors.

Champions League (2021–2025)
On 4 December 2019, a new format was announced starting with the 2021–22 season. The top six associations entered three teams, associations ranked 7–16 entered two, and the remaining associations entered one. The competition is restructured to appear more similar to the men's CL format, with a double-round-robin group stage, and two paths through the qualifiers (a champions path and a non-champions path) for teams that do not automatically qualify for the group stage. UEFA also centralized the media rights from the group stage onward.

 * Qualification takes place in two rounds: a First Round of 3- or 4-team mini-tournaments with single elimination brackets, and a Second Round of two-legged matches. Each of these rounds is split into two simultaneous paths based on how teams qualified:
 * The Champions path consists of the champions from the associations ranked 8-50. 7 teams advance.
 * The League path consists of the runners-up from the top 16 associations and third-place teams from the top 6 associations. 5 teams advance.
 * The Group stage includes four teams qualifying directly: the defending UWCL champions and the champions from the top 3 associations.  It is played in four groups of four, each advancing two teams to two-legged quarterfinals.

Champions League (2025–)
On 4 December 2023, a new format was announced starting with the 2025–26 season. The top seven associations enter three teams, associations ranked 8–17 enter two, and the remaining associations enter one. The competition is restructured to appear more similar to the men's CL format, with a Swiss-system 'league phase' consisting of 6 games against 6 different opponents (3 home and 3 away), and two paths (a champions path and a non-champions path) for teams that do not automatically qualify for the league stage.

 * Qualification takes place in two separate paths of up to three rounds.
 * The Champions path consists of the domestic champions from associations ranked seventh or below as well as the previous season's second competition winner with 4 teams advancing to the league stage. A preliminary round and first round are played as series of four-team mini-tournaments while the second round is played as two-legged ties.
 * The League path consists of domestic runners-up from associations ranked fourth to seventeenth and domestic third-placed teams from associations ranked first to seventh. A first round is played as a series of four-team mini-tournaments, while the second round is played as two-legged ties.
 * Losers from the second round ties and runners-up and third-placed teams in the first round mini-tournaments will transfer to the as-yet unnamed second competition, while fourth-placed teams in the first round mini-tournaments and all losers from the preliminary round mini-tournaments will be eliminated.
 * The League stage consists of nine teams qualifying directly: The defending champions, domestic champions from the associations ranked sixth or higher as well as the domestic runners-up from the top two associations.
 * The top four teams from the league stage will advance to the quarter-finals while teams ranked fifth to twelfth will qualify to a knockout play-off round. The remaining six teams are eliminated.

Prize money
Prize-money was awarded for a first time in 2010, when both finalists received money. In 2011 the payments were extended to losing semi- and quarter-finalists. In these earlier years, teams sometimes complained about the sum, which did not cover costs for some longer trips. The 2021–22 Women's Champions League introduced a 16-team group stage to the competition, and with it a vastly expanded prize pool of €24M total. Of that pool, €5.6M (23%) would be used for solidarity payments to non-participating clubs of participating countries, to provide funding for development. €7M (29%) would be reserved for the qualifying rounds (some of which is travel subsidies for clubs traveling long distances), and the €11.5 remainder would be for clubs reaching the group stage and later.

For the main portion of the competition, UEFA announced that each group-stage participant would receive a minimum of €400,000 (about five times as much as Round of 16 participants received in previous editions). The winner of the tournament could earn up to €1.4 million (depending on its results in the group stage). As of the 2023–24 competition, the prize-money structure for the competition proper is as follows:
 * €400,000 base allocation for each group-stage team
 * €50,000 per win in the group stage, and €17,000 per draw
 * €20,000 bonus for winning their group
 * €160,000 for qualification for the quarter-finals
 * €180,000 for qualification for the semi-finals
 * €200,000 for the runner-up
 * €350,000 for the winning team

This is in addition to any money teams may receive for participating in the qualifying rounds, and each stage's prize is cumulative. These amounts remain the same as those for the 2021–22 and 2022–23 competitions. After the conclusion of the group stage, some additional amounts held in reserve may be distributed depending on the competition's financial performance, and how many drawn matches there were in the group stage.

Sponsorship
Until the 2015–18 cycle, UEFA Women's Champions League used to have the same sponsors as the UEFA Champions League. Since 2018, women's football competitions such as the Champions League have separate sponsors. The tournament has centralised rights: in the group stage, only some assets and the official ball are centralised, while in knock-out rounds, UEFA started allowing only a few club sponsors, alongside the ones who are official.

As of 2024, official sponsors are:

 * Adidas
 * Amazon
 * EA Sports FC
 * Euronics
 * Grifols
 * Heineken
 * Hublot
 * Just Eat Takeaway
 * PepsiCo
 * PlayStation
 * Visa

By nation
During the first Champions League era with no group stage (2009–2021), no team from a nation outside the top two of France and Germany won the title, except for Barcelona in 2021. The only teams from nations outside the top two nations to have finished runner-up in that time were Tyresö in 2014, Barcelona in 2019 and Chelsea in 2021. Also during that era, only two teams from a nation outside the top four (then France, Germany, Sweden, and England) ever made the semi-finals: Brøndby in 2015 and Barcelona in four of the last five years under that format.

Top scorers by tournament
The top-scorer award is given to the player who scores the most goals in the competition. Up until the introduction of the Champions League Group Stage it included the qualifying rounds. Since 2021–22 only goals from the group stage onwards count towards the award. Iceland's Margrét Lára Vidarsdóttir has won the award three times. Ada Hegerberg holds the record for most goals in a season.

All-time top scorers
Bold players still active.

Global
DAZN have the global (exc. MENA) rights of the competition from 2021–22 until 2024–25, 61 matches in both 2021–22 and 2022–23 seasons were live streamed for free on the DAZN UEFA Women's Champions League YouTube channel.

UK, Ireland, and Five Latin American countries
Warner Bros Discovery's channel TNT Sports also cover the competition for 2023-24 season for viewers in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Ireland, and UK.

MENA
All matches from group stage until final will be aired live on beIN Sports until 2023–24 season.

title: UEFA Women's Champions League


text:
Talk:El Túnel

Untitled
Who wrote this story? When was it written? Where was it published? - DavidWBrooks 20:45, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Someone who hasn't read the novel should not read this because it spoils the ending. It is clear that he kills the woman, it says so in the first line of the novel. But how he gets the idea of killing her and how he actually kills her are the main questions of the novel. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Andibiri (talk • contribs)
 * That's why it has a Spoiler warning. Mariano (t/c) 06:42, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

And where the hell is the spoiler warning? It ruined the whole novel for me :\ that's what I get for reading. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.160.152.114 (talk) 11:08, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

From the article: ''Ultimately, Castel's paranoia and mistrust lead him to the conclusion that María is in fact a full-time whore who cheats on her husband not only with him, but also with Hunter and almost any other man. In a fit of rage, he drives out to the estancia and stabs her to death.''

This is a very simplistic interpretation of the motives behind María's murder. I personally find it very misleading and unfaithfull to the book. --201.231.203.199 20:53, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:El Túnel


text:
Tom Cousins

Thomas Grady Cousins (born December 7, 1931) is an American real estate developer, sports supporter and philanthropist, primarily based in Atlanta, Georgia. Cousins was a leader in shaping the skyline in Atlanta, and he purchased and brought the Atlanta Hawks to the city.

Cousins is also known for his community redevelopment and his desire to help local neighborhoods. In 1995, he purchased the historic East Lake Golf Club with the intent that its profits would go back to help the local East Lake community. Cousin's model of community redevelopment is now being implemented in cities all over the country through a program he founded to replicate the East Lake model called Purpose Built Communities.

Commercial career
Cousins graduated with a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) in 1952 from the Terry College of Business at The University of Georgia in Athens. He and his father started their real-estate company in 1958. During the 1960s, Tom Cousins moved from real-estate to property development and sports franchising.

He developed buildings such as the CNN Center, the Omni Coliseum, 191 Peachtree Tower, the Pinnacle Building in Buckhead and the first phase of the Georgia World Congress Center. He and competitor John Portman completely remade downtown Atlanta in the 1970s and 1980s.

He also helped revive and redesign the home course of golfing great Bobby Jones, East Lake Golf Club, which had fallen into disrepair. He hired Rees Jones (no relation to Bobby) to redesign the golf course, which has since hosted the PGA Tour's season ending Tour Championship several times, and become one of the leading golf courses in Atlanta. Cousins and his family financed the project to the tune of about $25 million. This was part of a greater revitalization of the East Lake Meadows housing project in the East Lake neighborhood around the golf course.

He retains air rights over the CNN Center parking deck in Atlanta's massive railroad gulch.

He stepped down as head of Cousins Properties in January 2002.

Philanthropic works
In 1995 Cousins founded the East Lake Foundation in Atlanta. The Foundation partnered with the Atlanta Housing Authority to build a mixed-income apartment block in a local low-income area with a high crime rate and put additional resources into education options and job provision for the tenants. Columnist Leonard Pitts Jnr. noted that these changes saw "violent crime down 96 percent" and "78 percent of kids passing the state math test when only 5 percent could do it before".

Based on the results of the East Lake Foundation project, Cousins, with partner Warren Buffett, created Purpose Built Communities, an organization focused on supporting other communities working to replicate the successful community development seen in Atlanta. Purpose Built Communities currently partners with 13 other communities in the United States.

Sports franchises

In April 1968, Cousins purchased the NBA's St. Louis Hawks basketball team and moved them to Atlanta. At the time Atlanta did not have a major-league caliber arena, but Cousins was building a local arena complex. Cousins also owned the Atlanta Flames until he sold them in 1980 for approximately $16 million to a consortium from Calgary. He purchased the original Atlanta Chiefs soccer club of the North American Soccer League from the Braves in 1973, during this time they were renamed the Atlanta Apollos.

In 1993 Tom Cousins was the recipient of the Bill Hartman Award which recognises former varsity athletes from the University of Georgia who have demonstrated excellence in their profession. On March 8, 2010, Cousins was awarded with the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2010 Atlanta Sports Awards for his role in promoting sports in Atlanta.

In 1995 Cousins purchased East Lake Golf Club and restored it to its former glory. He also helped to establish East Lake as the permanent home of the TOUR Championship which is the season ending tournament for the PGA TOUR. Profits from East Lake Golf Club go to the East Lake Foundation which in turn goes to help the East Lake Community.

Awards & honors

 * 2015 Philanthropist of the Year by the Association of Fundraising Professionals Greater Atlanta Chapter.
 * 2012 Georgia Trustee. Given by the Georgia Historical Society, in conjunction with the Governor of Georgia, to individuals whose accomplishments and community service reflect the ideals of the founding body of Trustees, which governed the Georgia colony from 1732 to 1752.
 * 2007 honorary degree in Doctor of Humane Letters from Oglethorpe University

title: Tom Cousins


text:
Talk:Sviatoslav II of Kiev

Sons of Svyatoslav
I wonder why the recent edit removed several of Svyatoslav's sons from the article. Their being from another wife is no reason by itself to remove them completely. Please restore the deleted info. If the previous version incorrectly stated who their mother was, just correct that part.

The previous edit (a claim is made it contained an error, a claim I don't contest) had the following text:

 * Svyatoslav's sons by Oda:
 * Prince (Knyaz) Gleb of Novgorod (? - 1079);
 * Prince Roman of Tmutarakan (? - 1079);
 * Prince Oleg of Chernigov (? - 1115). Oleg's posterity continues in male line to the present day;
 * Prince Davyd of Chernigov;
 * Prince Yaroslav of Ryazan, a founder of the great dynasty of Ryazan;
 * Prince Konstantin of Murom is revered as Saint Prince Konstantin the Blessed (Святой Блаженный Князь Константин) by the Russian Orthodox Church.

 * Seljuk Sultan Kilij Arslan II claimed to descend from one of Svyatoslav's daughters.

The most recent edit removed the list of sons above and replaced it with:
 * Svyatoslav's son Oleg of Chernigov had a posterity which continues in male line to the present day. A younger son by Oda founded the great dynasty of Ryazan, and the Seljuk Sultan Kilij Arslan II claimed to descend from one of Svyatoslav's daughters.

The editor who changed this clearly has more knowledge on the topic than I have, so I suggest that he restores the deleted info with corrections. Thanks! -Irpen 20:46, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * IMHO those long lists of obscure names and dubious dates usually turn the article into a mess. This stuff is not encyclopedic. We should make a separate article on each of the princes and link them to Sviatoslav II. -Ghirlandajo 11:49, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Anyway, here goes the correct list of Sviatoslav's children by first marriage:

1. Gleb, Prince of Tmutarakan (1060-68), Prince of Novgorod the Great (1068-78), +30.5.1078 2. Roman "the Handsome", Prince of Tmutarakan (1069-79), +murdered 2.8.1079 3. David, Prince of Smolensk (1094-97), Prince of Chernigov (1097-1123), +I.1123 4. Oleg, Prince of Volynia (1073-76), exiled to Byzantium in 1078, proclaimed himself Archon of Khazaria 1082, Prince of Tmutakaran (1083-94), Prince of Chernigov (1094-97), Prince of Novgorod-Severski (1097-1115), *ca 1058, +Kerch 1.8.1115; his issue was the House of Chernigov 5. Vysheslava, +aft 1088; may (or may not) have married by 1069 King Boleslaw II of Poland (*1042, +22.3.1081) 6. Predslava, +1116; may (or may not) have been affianced to Konstantinos Dukas (*1060 +1081), co-emperor of Byzantium

 * By his second wife Oda, Sviatoslav II had:

7. a daughter; may (or may not) have married ca 1095 a Byzantine noble; their grandson was Izz ad-Din Qilij Arslan II, Sultan of Rum in 1156-92. 8. Yaroslav, lived in Germany until 1094, Prince of Riazan and Murom (1096-1123, 1127-29), Prince of Chernigov (1123-27), +1129; m.a German countess (+Chernigov 1124); his issue was the House of Murom-Riazan
 * -user:Ghirlandajo

Hi Ghirlandajo, thanks for the great information. I disagree however, that it is unencyclopedic. Children of the Monarchs are important part of their legacy, unlike children of, say, professors. I was sorry to see hours of my work of compiling and linking his children deleted but that's not the main reason why I suggest to put this info back, especially in view that I made mistakes. It's just important enough I think. Besides, the red links will prompt the articles to appear in WP sooner. If you mind adding this info to the article yourself, I can do it. I would probably take more time in the latter case. Regards, -Irpen 04:50, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)

Yaroslav of Ryazan/Konstantin of Murom
Maybe it's a common knmowledge, but I just found out that these two princes earlier mentioned in the article separately is one person. Yaroslav Svyatoslavich was a prince of both Ryazan and Murom and his sons also switched between the two. Yaroslav is also revered as Saint Prince Konstantin by ROC, (see above). I haven't realized it earleir and created the article for Konstantin. I will try to fix it when I get to it. If anyone wants to take it upon himslef, you're welcome to do it. Links that are easy to find are: and there is plenty more. Common books on RU history also mention these facts. Regards, -Irpen 21:57, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * http://infolio.asf.ru/Sprav/Brokgaus/4/4135.htm
 * http://www.museum.murom.ru/wwwmus/afisha/Mkrai/pr14/pr14.htm
 * http://www.murom.info/?mi=532&art=1161

title: Talk:Sviatoslav II of Kiev


text:
Ray Anderson (boxer)

Ray Anderson (born August 31, 1944, in Anniston, Alabama) was a boxer in the light heavyweight division who fought from 1965 to 1977. Anderson became the first challenger to last fifteen rounds against Bob Foster for the world Light Heavyweight title, but he lost what was his only world title try by decision. Anderson currently lives in Anniston.

Professional career
Anderson began his rise to prominence in 1966. As a light heavyweight he took on and beat a formidable heavyweight journeyman named Amos Johnson in a ten-rounder at The Akron Armory in Akron, Ohio. As an amateur, Anderson was one of the few men to beat the young Cassius Clay (known later as Muhammad Ali) who went on to become the Heavyweight Champion of the world. Ray's career continued as he fought Joe Byrd of Flint, Michigan, in 1969, knocking Joe out in round 1. Ray also knocked out Canton's Marion Conner in Round 2, sealing his stature as Ohio's best light heavyweight. He fought John Griffin of Syracuse, New York twice, losing both in close decisions.

Ray Anderson was credited by Joe Frazier, who long used him as a sparring partner because of his tall rangy Ali-like style as assisting him in his preparation to unify the heavyweight title in 1970, with his win over WBA heavyweight titleholder Jimmy Ellis at Madison Square Garden. Later in 1970, Anderson was to bite off more than he could chew when he decided to fight a young prospect at the Cleveland Arena in Cleveland, Ohio named Ted Gullick, after providing Gullick with a boxing lesson in rounds 1 through 4, toward the end of the fourth Gullick scored a knockdown with a sharp left hook. Anderson rose and was in part saved by the bell. Later Gullick dominated the fight and finished Anderson in the 9th round by knocking him out. Anderson beat Gregorio Peralta by a ten-round decision in Spain in 1972.

The pinnacle of Ray's career was his challenge to the former Light Heavyweight Champion of the World Bob Foster. Anderson was a tall light-heavyweight of his era, standing 6 feet 1 inch. However, Foster was 6 feet 3$1/2$ inches and could punch very hard. Anderson was not used to giving away height; he prided himself in being both handsome and fast. He was not willing to risk being hit by Foster, thus he chose to dance and defend for most of the fight, thus losing a fifteen-round decision. To Anderson's credit he was one of the few men that would last all 15 rounds with Foster. The late Yank Durham, Joe Frazier's trainer, worked Anderson's corner during the Foster fight felt that Anderson should have eliminated the Ali style tactics and take it to Foster and was upset by the outcome. Anderson had proven to be a very respected fighter early on and once joining promoter Don King, seemed to start an altered course in his career which can't be explained. It is thought that King wanted to use Anderson to promote other upcoming boxers in order to propel himself into the limelight instead of using Anderson's talent to help him reach the top of the rankings. Anderson's children Deric and Eric (twins), and Brigitte Anderson were last known to reside in Ohio. In the early 90's one (or both) of Anderson's twin sons; were known for his athletic abilities and had shown glimpses of skills that would advance him into professional football. However, details of his efforts are not recorded.

title: Ray Anderson (boxer)


text:
Talk:Absolute Radio

Untitled
How is the correct article title for "Virgin Radio" actually "talkSport"? Is that notice at the beginning of the article correct, or a holdover from an earlier version? - DavidWBrooks 20:47, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Why isn't Al Murray on anymore?--Crestville 18:41, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Schedule - Unencyclopedic
As I have had to do to a good number of radio articles, according to section 1.7.3 of What Wikipedia is not, Wikipedia is not a TV/Radio Guide. Can the section be changed to something like Programmes and Presenters? --tgheretford (talk) 22:08, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Format
Is it just me or is the article still too top heavy? I just think there is too much at the top that could do with paragraphing. I don't have time just at the moment, but i may come back to it late if no one else does. Minardi 16:26, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Yep, the lead section easily goes against Lead section advice. I'll try and sort things out into sections now, if not, I'll add a template to the article. --tgheretford (talk) 16:51, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Rearranged it, probably not perfect! So feel free to correct anything because I needed to add a few things which weren't covered in the article. --tgheretford (talk) 17:09, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Thats much bettter, I just don't have time to sort these kind of things.I did put this up for Wikify but it got taken down, and the lead section problems ignored. Thanks for sorting it. Minardi 06:23, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

AFD on company operating Virgin Radio transmission sites
There's an AFD on Alice Soundtech, a leading UK supplier of studio and transmission equipment for ILR and RSL radio stations (from mixing consoles to AM/FM transmitters) also operating some transmission sites for TalkSPORT and Virgin Radio. People in the biz or in the know can chime in at Articles for deletion/Alice Soundtech. -- 62.147.39.76 10:30, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Frequency
I'm not sure where to add this but in addition to the 1215AM frequency, it's also found on 1197AM (which I think was the better signal in the South East?). Both used to be advertised together though not listened recently so don't know if they still are. For the record, the signal in between (e.g. 1206AM) is poor, I remember it was barely able to be made out in Cambridgeshire. - JVG 05:57, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Other frequencies are also used - 1197 is used in a number of areas, as are 1233, 1242 and 1260, i've included explanitory text in the main article as it too messy to do so in the side panel, also included a note that the station is not available on DAB in Northern Ireland in that section. KevS 21:29, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Martin Collins
What happened to him? I was unaware he had left. Are we sure this is correct? Minardi 21:29, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

The Big Star
I'm an occasional listener to the station and missed this promotion. The description in the article is confusing and I don't understand what went on having read it. Is the promotion significant enough to merit inclusion in the article and if people believe it is, could it be reworded so someone who's not familiar with the topic is able to understand it. Thanks, Scarletman 22:50, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

Article "Move"?
Someone Already created a new Absolute Radio article  I think that the new one needs to be deleted and this one just renamed Absolute Radio to keep it all Fluid and to keep the history and talk page ... For now i am going to take the other article and Redirect it to this article Speer320 (talk) 02:22, 15 September 2008 (UTC)
 * You'll have to request a move on the day the changes happen. The user who created the page alongside the anon user who copied and pasted the information there (I must add this is a violation of the GNU Free Documentation License and would have needed to have been speedy deleted and restored with the full page history of the other article under CSD G6 - this happened with E4 and Virgin Media) have inadvertently made it impossible for anyone but administrators to move the page there, because the page is no longer a simple redirect (ie. it has an article there in the page history now). This happens quite a bit now, and although people do it in good faith, it does annoy me when people jump the gun or don't understand the way (through no fault of their own) that articles are supposed to progress on Wikipedia - ie. you move, not cut-and-paste articles on the day of the changes. I have had articles I have created correctly "deleted" because people do not understand the way things work (in other words, someone placed a redirect and incorporated none of the text into the "new" article, so I restored the old article). One maybe for discussion with the wider community perhaps? --tgheretford (talk) 08:42, 15 September 2008 (UTC)
 * For the record, I maintain Media UK ( www.mediauk.com ) and was requested on Sunday by a staff member to change the names of the stations over from 'Virgin' to 'Absolute'. I would therefore recommend that "the day the changes happen" is any time from now. (I also used to work there, but no longer). James Cridland (talk) 00:47, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

Sources for The people Leaving
All of the Presnters Need sources for Them leaving or moving.. cause From how it is Right now it looks as if Everyone if leaving and it is not sourced at all Speer320 (talk) 23:34, 15 September 2008 (UTC)

Absolute Radio
I noticed this morning that Absolute Radio had come up on the display on my DAB radio. The article says the transition will be made on 29th September, and they're advertising absoluteradio.co.uk, but still calling themselves Virgin Radio.

Being more of a Planet Rock listener I did immediately think I had a new station! Soarhead77 (talk) 12:44, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

Footnote: Having access to Freeview I just looked at channel 727 and sure enough that shows Absolute Radio

Image copyright problem with Image:VirginRadio.png
The image Image:VirginRadio.png is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --06:09, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Absolute Radio. Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://www.absoluteradio.co.uk/listen/labs.html#main_content
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://www.absoluteradio.co.uk/playlist/#dev-bar

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 12:52, 28 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 external links on Absolute Radio. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ to http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090628140547/http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=2771854 to http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=2771854
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://onegoldensquare.com/2008/09/a-brief-history-of-virgin-radio-by-adam-bowie/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://measurecast.com/news/pr/2001/pr20010313.html
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The closedown on the AM on Friday 20 January 2023
Read also https://mediumwave.info/2023/01/20/united-kingdom-224/ and https://mediumwave.info/2023/01/20/united-kingdom-225/ and the final closedown is on https://mediumwave.info/2023/01/20/united-kingdom-226/ and on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imU8XGuopgk Oxford 1197 carried on broadcasting Absolute today until 1141 when it switched to the retune loop. Source: The sixth posting on https://groups.io/g/RadioCarolineMailinglist/topic/absolute_radio/96307872?p=,,,20,0,0,0::recentpostdate/sticky,,,20,2,0,96307872,previd%3D1674242956260104220,nextid%3D1668926769083936950&previd=1674242956260104220&nextid=1668926769083936950 and read now also https://mediumwave.info/2023/01/26/united-kingdom-239/ and https://mediumwave.info/2023/01/27/united-kingdom-242/ 82.170.17.19 (talk) 14:39, 27 January 2023 (UTC)

"Absolute Radio also broadcasts through the Eutelsat 9B satellite unencrypted signal at 12.092 MHz, H polarization, azimuth 9°E."
Wasn't this the satellite feed to the AM transmitters, that played the closedown loop for months and months until late 2023? Anamyd (talk) 23:13, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Absolute Radio


text: Template:State insignia

title: Template:State insignia


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Miracle Channel Review

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - should be merged - SimonP 13:57, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

The Miracle Channel Review
Non-notable website. tregoweth 20:48, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising. JamesBurns 05:14, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This entry is not advertising. It is provided for informational and educational purposes. How could it possibly be considered advertising? The organization has nothing to gain by promoting itself. If you check out the site, you will find no commercial products, nor will you find any advertising. As the author of this entry, I ask for recommendations, to make it more suitable or appropriate. --Thibault 05:38, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Merge with The Miracle Channel. Vegaswikian 06:50, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Merge with The Miracle Channel - Not advertising but not deeming of its own article either -CunningLinguist 07:35, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: User talk:69.174.84.0

title: User talk:69.174.84.0


text:
Talk:Michel Aflaq

Some say...
Some sources say that in fact the tomb of Michel Aflaq was levelled. If so, it should be covered in article.  --Magabund 14:09, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Neither of those sources seem particularly certain. I heard the destruction plan was halteed at the last minute. I got this from my Middle Eastern history professor, who was closely following the incident. This issue seems to have had virtually no coverage in the English language press. My suspicion is that if the tomb was actually destroyed there would have been more coverage and the lack of news articles is thus evidence that the tomb remains. - SimonP 14:25, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * After looking around a bit I found some confirming news items, one says that smugglers were arrested with epitaph from the tomb. Another one says: The Iraqi daily al-Ta'akhi paper quoted the source as saying yesterday that the Iraqi police attended the removal process of the "tomb of the founder of the Socialist Arab Baath Party which was removed with the help of vehicles which leveled the tomb to earth."  . --Magabund 00:41, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

The tomb is not leveled nor was the building destroyed - is was not even looted. I was there today and all is in order. FEB 8, 2006. Give me an e-mail address and I will send you the pictures from today.

P. McDonald

 * If you like you could upload the images to Wikipedia. The encyclopedia could very much use an image of the tomb. To upload a picture you'll need to create and account, once logged in an upload link will appear on the menu to the left. - SimonP 14:36, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

According to this website, it remains fully in tact. Though the author visited before the area was returned to Iraqi control. I've included this as a reference for the current version. Bangabandhu  —Preceding undated comment was added at 22:36, 2 February 2009 (UTC).

Right now there are several conflicting sources regarding the status of his tomb. There is the (Asia Times), which said it was razed, and  (the New York Times), which says it remains in the Green Zone after it was returned to the Iraqis. Clearly there are alot of rumours floating around, and the (Robert Fisk piece,) which is cited in the article and says the tomb was damaged, only sources his family. I am adding this (reference) that has pictures of the tomb and deleting the Asia Times reference. Bangabandhu (talk) 01:38, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

Please Correct the Architect's Name
'''If this is reference to an Iraqi Architect, please make sure you are not referring to Al-Chadirchee. If so, you have misspelled the architect's last name please correct it!'''

A tomb was built for him in Baghdad designed by Chadagee that is widely regarded as a work of great artistic merit, unlike most of the Hussein regime’s creations

'' The assertion by « some…mostly Islamic fundamentalist propagandists» that Michel Aflaq’s mother was Jewish is preposterously ridiculous: frankly, it doesn’t deserve to be in a Wiki article

'' Aflaq’s father was a merchant of Christian Lebanese descent born in Midân, a multi-ethnic borough of Damascus His mother was a Greek-Orthodox Christian from the quarter of Saint Thomas (“Bâb Tumah”), the ancient Byzantine ghetto of the old city of Damascus

'' Aflaq was a staunchly secular modernist thinker albeit influenced by the Christian mystique of Dostoyevski to which he was exposed while studying European literature at the Sorbonne

Messy
This article still needs tightening and clarification. There are unqualified statements of fact that would not be appropriate for an encyclopedia entry, such as:

While considered an "ideological founder" of the Pan-Arab movement, Michel Aflaq had little connection to the governments that took power in Syria under the name of the Ba'ath party in 1963.

The original said he was "the ideological founder of the movement." Which movement? The Ba'ath? In this case, my interpolation of "Pan-Arab" may be incorrect. Please feel free to correct it. Is it accurate to say he was the founder of the Ba'ath Party? Is it a party or a movement? And so on, striving for accuracy. --Mylitta 08:37, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

What happened later
The Ba'ath Party article says he fled Syria and Iraq and went to Brazil. This article says he died in Paris, but effectively the narrative breaks off when he flees to Iraq from Syria.--Jack Upland (talk) 22:50, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Fixed. Yazan (talk) 14:51, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Converted to Islam
Michel Aflaq was a muslim when he died even while he was alive there was very little Christian about him when he would openly advocate Islam and the embodiment of Islam with Arab nationalism. Now I might do this myself if I find time but somebody please upload a valid source that those in denial that still believed he was (or ever) a christian stating he was muslim convert upload it. There was a letter I heard he wrote in Arabic before dying confessing this. IF anyone finds the copy please upload it. I hate edit wars and I know if I added this to the article even with sources it will only result in one♥Yasmina♥ (talk) 14:00, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Yasmina, Aflaq was born to a Greek Orthodox family, so that makes him a Christian by birth (and there's no changing that). He is also a declared Secular Arab Nationalist per his ideology and writings. As to whether he converted later to Islam, I have no information about this nor have I read it anywhere, other than the flagrant fabrications of Saddam Hussein. If you find a WP:RS about him declaring himself a muslem, feel free to add it. You also might consider changing your language into something more cooperative and less soapboxing. Happy Editing. Yazan (talk) 14:09, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

anyone still believe he was a Christian or even secular is in denial the man had issues, Well I put a message here to avoid an edit war. The does exist I just need to find out or somebody who has a link to it. I think i heard his son knew about his conversion. Stating that Saddam Hussein fabricated the conversion is POV and speculation merely a rumour. To be honest i really dont think Saddam would of gone to all that trouble to fabricate a conversion of Somebody like Aflaq who already had Islamic sympathies while he was alive. Him being born to a Christian family doesnt mean he couldnt have changed his faith later in his life or that he had little loyalty to Christianity compared to Islam. (his own words & actions indicate this) Calling Arab nationalism secular is POV and subjective there is a strong arguement that refutes it as such. How is somebody who stated it's the duty of Arabs to fight for Islam, deemed secular? or how on earth does state that another religion is the greatest achievement over others.♥Yasmina♥ (talk) 17:45, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

 * However, at the time of his death, Aflaq's family was unaware of his purported conversion.[6] Furthermore, in his book "Sandcastles: The Arabs in Search of the Modern World", the American journalist Milton Viorst mentions that he was told by some Arabs that they were convinced that the Iraqi president, Saddam Hussein had fabricated his conversion, and had inflicted on Aflaq a posthumous humiliation. This was allegedly done under the pretext that by Islamizing Aflaq, Saddam would avoid reminding Iraqis of Baathism's Christian roots.[7]
 * You obviously are having difficulty understanding what I am saying. I am not speculating, nor pushing POV, I'm simply quoting secondary sources. On the other hand, you are soapboxing Yasmina . Let me repeat myself, again, I have very little time and energy to waste on this. The subject is more than sufficiently covered in the article. If you have "new" information, backed with RS, feel free to add it. The fact that he is Christian is established. If he converted to any other religion, then it would be added, but it doesn't mean that he wasn't Christian. See Karl Marx's article. Yazan (talk) 18:01, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

That source alone indicates it allegded the conversion was fabricated nor doesnt prove. explain how I am soapboxing? from just pointing out what is already in the Article I havent touched this article (not in several months) so I am not sure what I am accused of. I posted to avoid an edit war and point some facts.♥Yasmina♥ (talk) 18:50, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

 * WP:SOAP. Yazan (talk) 19:41, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

I am not soaping go read in memory of the Arab prophet then you will understand that Aflaq was an Islamist symapthizer and ifused Islam within Arabism.♥Yasmina♥ (talk) 20:45, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

ISBNs
Most, if not all, of the ISBNs in this article are incorrect. They should be checked. Mr Stephen (talk) 20:24, 30 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Got them from google books. --TIAYN (talk) 22:41, 30 December 2011 (UTC)

Fascist/Nazi attraction
Why is there no mention of how Aflaq and other Arab nationalists were greatly attracted to 1930s European fascism? Here's some sources for his admiration of 1930s European fascism due to their strident anti-Zionism and militaristic nationalism, how he wanted to use Nazi Germany as a model for postwar Iraq, his enthusiasm for Hitler, subsequent antisemitic riots in Iraq etc.    — Filippusson (t.) 11:46, 3 February 2012 (UTC)
 * If you had known anything about Aflaq, or the ba'ath movement, you would have known the ba'ath movement during the 1940s turned down an alliance with Italy because it was fascist. Aflaq was not a fascist, he was a nationalist... Several nationalists (from all over the world) supported the nazies, or sympathised with the nazies, not because they were nazies themselves, because nazism fought against the british colonial empire - in Iraq this was the case. + Aflaq was a communist, and joined the Syrian-Lebanese Communist Party, however, Aflaq never joined the rascist Syrian Social Nationalist Party... Its a difference with sympathising with other nationallist movements, and supporting them.... When it came to anti-semitism, sources wary, some accuse him of being one, and some accuse him of not being one; its unclear. Aflaq was against the Jewish occupation of a part of the Arab homeland (e.g. Palestine).... + none of those sources say that Aflaq was influenced by Hitler, they say that nazism in general influenced Aflaq; thats something totally different... I reverted you're edits. --TIAYN (talk) 14:54, 3 February 2012 (UTC)
 * One of the sources (David Patterson: A Genealogy of Evil), explicitly states that Aflaq (and others) "were admirers and students of Adolf Hitler (...)" How can you dismiss this as "bullshit"? It would be the first time that I gain knowledge of Cambridge University Press publishing bullshit. You may assert that the book has been criticised among the specialist community (note e.g. this review), but simply dismissing it as "bullshit" and reverting without discussion is not acceptable. --RJFF (talk) 16:25, 3 February 2012 (UTC)
 * See page 84 in World fascism: a historical encyclopedia, Volum 1 (its available in Google Books). The author says that ba'athism had some characteristics with fascism, but the general link to ba'athism and German fascism was Aflaq's more-or-less anti-anglophile sentiments.... Ba'athism was not fascist, but was more similar to the pan-Europe ideology in Europe. The book you've sourced is, by all means, shit. I'm not saying that because I disagree with the man, I'm saying it because it contains a bunch of historical inaccuracies. --TIAYN (talk) 17:05, 3 February 2012 (UTC)

 * I understand that you don't like what the sources say, but that does not give you a special mandate to simply dismiss and censor anything related to Aflaq's fascist links. Of course there may be a discussion about what the nature of the links were, but to simply leave it out and pretend that it isn't even an issue is unacceptable (certainly if you want this article to pass as GA). — Filippusson (t.) 17:45, 3 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I have no problem including such allegations, but you're edit says its fact, which its clearly not. The inclusion of ba'athism as a fascist ideology is extremely controversial. Of course, me or you or RJFF can of course create a sections entitled "Controversy" or "Allegations of fascism", but saying he was influenced by Adolph Hitler and claiming it be a non-controversial fact makes the article worse.. What I'ms saying is, controversial subjects should be handled with clear, either handle them with care, or don't handle them at all. --TIAYN (talk) 18:30, 3 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I find it hard to believe that so many sources (I only displayed a small random selection, there's plenty more, including : "We know that a key Ba'athist ideologue, Michel Aflaq, expressed admiration for Hitler..." : "Leading Arab intellectuals such as Michel Aflaq ... adopted Nazi ideas..." etc.) would just make something up, which seems to be what you claim. Nonetheless you know very well that Wikipedia have to reflect what sources say, not the personal opinions of editors. So unless you have sources that claims the opposite, i.e. that Aflaq was not in part influenced by 1930s fascism and Nazism, you have no right to just censor it from this article. The sources seem to disagree with you. — Filippusson (t.) 14:54, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I've given you a source, and there are plenty more.. Read the posts above (I have more sources)... The majority of Arabs symphatised with German nazism, but influence and symphaty does not mean they were nazis, thats the only thing I've been saying. Some claim that he was a Nazi, the majority don't. A quick search will prove that. If you want to you can write a "Controversy" or "Allegation of being a Nazi section", but claiming that he was a Nazi as the sole and only fact is wrong. The majority of scholars don't believe he was a Nazi. --TIAYN (talk) 15:06, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * You know perfectly well that nobody has said that Aflaq "was a Nazi." What we have said is that Aflaq was in part influenced by fascism, Nazism and Hitler. I have no intention of making a particularly big deal out of this in the article, but I think it should be mentioned in a few sentences where it discusses Aflaq's ideology/thought. — Filippusson (t.) 16:59, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * We all know he was influenced by fascism, I've never heard however that he was influenced by Adolph Hitler... There is a reason for why the ba'ath movement turned down an alliance with fascist Italy you know. Another problem is that everybody he was influenced, nobody agrees on how much effect this influence had.. I'm saying, as I've always said, write a controversy section (in the ideology section if you like) about the amount of influence of nazism on Aflaq. The point is however, you can't present these as the sole facts, cause they aren't, you can claim however that several people believe he was heavily influenced by Hitler and nazism. But you'll have to present that in a way which is neutral.. This is not Goebbels, who was a known Nazi, a open Nazi, Aflaq believed in democracy for all (never excluded any groups), the only thing which is fascist like in his ideology is that he wants to kick out the European imperialists and the Jews from Israel (but many Arabs want to kick the Jews out of Israel, thats not fascist - of course, I know this if NPOV, but its true).. Many people claim Aflaq to be fascist because he was a nationalist, and because he opposed Israel, and every inch of its existence - they accuse him of anti-semitism (which, again, is controversial, since we don't know for sure).... Just write a "controversy" or a "allegation of being a nazi" section (and yes, you can add it in the thoughts section); OK? --TIAYN (talk) 17:46, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Michel Aflaq


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Djediufankh

Djediufankh was an ancient Egyptian priest who lived between 2,000 and 4,000 years ago.

In 2005, what are believed to be the remains of Djediufankh were found in a 26 cm–high canopic jar in the Royal Pump Room Museum, in Harrogate, England. Experts at York University have established that the residue in the jar is cholesterol from human remains. Their tests also confirmed that the Egyptians had sterilised the body and entrails using date palm wine as an antiseptic, confirming for the first time the descriptions given by classical authors such as the ancient Greek historian Herodotus.

The organs stored inside the jar had also been treated with an aromatic spice, most likely scented cinnamon or cassia, imported from southeast Asia.

title: Djediufankh


text:
User talk:Winisk

I don't know what you're gripe against the IS is but wikipedia is not the place to express it. Please stop trying to insert tangential links to the IS article or IS members into various articles. Also, please keep your edits NPOV, ie based on verifiable and preferably published fact, not rumours or suppositions. Some of what you say about the IS may be valid (though you're way off on your membership guesstimate) but this isn't the place for your personal theories. I'd say the same to an ISer writing about rival groups (and indeed I have said this in regards to one ISers edits regarding OCAP). Also, keep notability in mind. A lot of what you've added is non-notable minutia. Despite what both ISers and those who hate them think,the IS is not especially notable. AndyL 20:50, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Winisk


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Academy of Football

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - kept - SimonP 14:00, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

The Academy of Football

 *  Please note: Since this nomination was raised I have substantially rewritten the article. If you have already voted or read the article, it would be a good idea to check the new article over and possibly reconsider your vote. Thanks.  --Mintie 02:27, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Appears to be an essay written in loving tribute to West Ham United F.C., rather than a proper encyclopedia article. tregoweth 20:51, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

Response; it is a fact that the club is known as The Academy of Football, and the players and appearances for England are a matter of public fact as well. Wikipedia would be lacking in its description of West Ham United if it did not refer to this. Nevertheless the "essay style" and the "loving tribute" comments have been considered and the two final paragraphs have been removed.

 * Redirect and merge to West Ham United F.C.. If it's just a nickname for West Ham United, then there's absolutely no reason this should ever be anything more than a redirect.  -- Un  focused  05:03, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I say all it needs is a severe rewrite for NPOV and style. The "Academy" is not just a nickname for the club, but a concept in itself. The article already contains enough factual information of interest to keep it separate from the West Ham article, but does need quite a bit of work. I'm willing to do it. Also, I think the West Ham United F.C. article is too big to put something of this size in it. --Mintie 00:08, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC) (resigned) (see below)
 * Questions: What other "The Academy of Football" is there?  How many other clubs are known as "The Academy of Football"?  Why can't the success of former players from this club be mentioned in the West Ham article?  (I see some of that's been done already.)  I still think a merge is in order, but will defer to the fans.  -- Un  focused  00:39, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC
 * UPDATE: I have totally rewritten the article. It still needs a bit of copyedit and some statistical details ironed out, but it's an improvement. --Mintie 02:27, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * keep Antares33712 23:33, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Excellent since my "essay written in loving tribute" got its re-write. It was so hard to write NPOV so soon after 30/5/05 !! Please keep now Esprit 12:04, 8 JUN 2005 UTC
 * Thanks for your kind comment. :-) --Mintie 23:04, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thats ok glad someone put so much time in on it. I suspect you are a fan now so your ability to write NPOV so well is commendable Esprit 13:07, 9 JUN 2005 UTC
 * Yes, I'm a fan. I try to keep NPOV but it's difficult as you say. I ended up using a lot of weasel words though so it'll need more work. :-) --Mintie 04:24, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Music of the Spheres (disambiguation)

Music of the Spheres or Musica universalis is an ancient philosophical concept that regards proportions in the movements of celestial bodies as a form of music.

Music of the Spheres may also refer to:

Literature

 * Music of the Spheres, a Star Trek novel by Margaret Wander Bonanno which was rewritten and published under the title Probe
 * Music of the Spheres, a book written by Guy Murchie, originally published in 1961

Albums

 * Music of the Spheres (Coldplay album), 2021, or its title tracks
 * Music of the Spheres World Tour, a 2022 concert tour promoting the album of the same name
 * Music of the Spheres (Ian Brown album), 2001
 * Music of the Spheres (Mike Oldfield album), 2008
 * Music of the Spheres, a 2011 vinyl box set by The 13th Floor Elevators

Songs and compositions

 * Music of the Spheres (German Sphärenklänge), a waltz by Josef Strauss, 1868
 * Music of the Spheres (Langgaard), a 1918 composition for soprano, chorus and orchestra by Rued Langgaard
 * Music of the Spheres, a 1938 composition for electronic instruments by Johanna Beyer
 * Music of the Spheres, a 2004 composition for brass band by Philip Sparke
 * "Music of the Spheres" (Destiny), a 2013 composition by Marty O’Donnell, Michael Salvatori and Paul McCartney for the video game Destiny

Films

 * Coldplay – Music of the Spheres: Live at River Plate, 2023

Television

 * "Music of the Spheres" (Doctor Who), a 2008 mini-episode of Doctor Who made for The Proms
 * "Music of the Spheres" (The Outer Limits), a 1997 episode of The Outer Limits
 * "Music of the Spheres" (Touch), an episode of Touch
 * "Music of the Spheres", an episode of Clangers
 * "Music of the Spheres," an episode of The Ascent of Man

title: Music of the Spheres (disambiguation)