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Kopelman Quartet

The Kopelman Quartet is a Russian string quartet founded in 2002 by Mikhail Kopelman (violin), Boris Kuschnir (violin), Igor Sulyga (viola) and Mikhail Milman (cello). They studied at the Moscow Conservatory in the 1970s, but pursued individual careers for twenty-five years before founding the quartet.

The quartet has played at many major international venues, including the Musikverein, Vienna, and the Dom Muzyki, Moscow, and appears regularly at venues such as the Concertgebouw, Amsterdam and the Wigmore Hall, London. Chamber music partners have included Elisabeth Leonskaja, Mischa Maisky and Julian Rachlin.

Festival appearances have included the Edinburgh International Festival, the Valladolid Festival, the Zürich Festival, the Colmar Festival, Prague Spring Festival, the Wimbledon Music Festival and the Ravinia Festival in the United States.

Founder Members
Mikhail Kopelman, first violin, (born 1947, Uzhhorod, Ukrainian SSR, USSR), a former member of the Bolshoi Theatre orchestra and concertmaster of the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, was appointed first violin of the Borodin Quartet in 1976, and remained with them for twenty years. He was with the quartet in 1994 when it was awarded a Royal Philharmonic Society Music Award. From 1980-1993, Kopelman was on the faculty of the Moscow Conservatory teaching both solo violin and string quartet. He emigrated with his family to the United States in 1993, joining the Tokyo String Quartet as first violinist in 1996. From 1996-2002 he was a professor at the Yale School of Music, coaching chamber music. In 2002, he was appointed Professor of Violin at the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York.

Boris Kuschnir, second violin, (born 1948, Kyiv, Ukraine) is a professor at the Konservatorium Wien and also at the Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst, Graz. His pupils have included Julian Rachlin and Nikolaj Znaider. He worked with Dmitri Shostakovich and David Oistrakh (with whom he also studied). He was a founder member of a founder member of the Moscow String Quartet (1970), the Vienna Schubert Trio (1984), and the Vienna Brahms Trio (1993). He was awarded the use of the "Rouse-Boughton" violin by Antonio Stradivari (c. 1698), belonging to Austria's central bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank, in recognition of his services to music in Austria. He is a regular jury member of a number of major international music competitions.

Igor Sulyga, viola, (born 1951, Lviv, Ukraine) was a founder member of the Moscow String Quartet (together with Boris Kuschnir) and worked with Dmitri Shostakovich on the composer's late quartets. He subsequently played in the Moscow Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra, under the directorship of Vladimir Spivakov, for twenty years and also played in Spivakov's string quartet. Sulyga moved to Spain in 1990 and teaches both viola and chamber music at the La Escuela Internacional de Música de la Fundación Príncipe de Asturias, Oviedo.

Mikhail Milman, cello, studied with Natalia Gutman and Mstislav Rostropovich and was principal cellist of the Moscow Virtuosi for twenty years. He collaborated frequently with the Borodin Quartet in concerts and recordings. After settling in Spain, he spent some years as principal cello of the Orquesta Sinfónica del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, and is currently principal cello of the Orquesta de Córdoba.

Discography
The Kopelman Quartet is recording a Shostakovich series for Nimbus Records and has also been captured on Wigmore Hall Live, the Wigmore Hall's own label.

 * Shostakovich, String Quartet Nos. 3 and 7 and Prokofiev, String Quartet No. 2, Nimbus NI5762, 2006
 * Shostakovich, String Quartet Nos. 1 and 8 and Myaskovsky, String Quartet No. 13, Nimbus NI5827, 2008
 * Shostakovich, String quartet No. 10 and Weinberg, Piano Quintet, with Elizaveta Kopelman, Nimbus NI5865, 2009
 * Tchaikovsky, String Quartet No. 3, in E flat minor and Schubert, String Quartet in D minor, "Death and the Maiden", Wigmore Hall Live WHLIVE0010, 2006

title: Kopelman Quartet


text:
Bush (Canadian band)

Bush was an early 1970s Canadian rock band. It evolved from the club act Mandala, which had a minor Canadian hit with the song "Love-Itis".

Bush consisted of ex-Mandala bandmates Domenic Troiano (vocals, guitar), Roy Kenner (vocals), Hugh Sullivan (organ), Pentti Glan (drums), and Prakash John (vocals, bass). The group released a single eponymous album in 1970, on the RCA label in Canada and Dunhill in the US, and toured with label mates Steppenwolf and Three Dog Night. Three Dog Night released one of their songs, "I Can Hear You Calling" as the B-side of their successful single "Joy to the World". The song, co-written by Troiano, Kenner, Glan and Sullivan, also appeared on Three Dog Night's Naturally album. Bush was short-lived as a band, but its jazz-influenced rock influenced many musicians.

Name dispute
Bush became newsworthy again in 1995, as the result of an intellectual property dispute with the British alternative band Bush. As Troiano still owned the rights to that name, the British band was forced to release their albums in Canada as "Bush X". In late April 1997, Troiano and Gavin Rossdale reached an agreement under which Rossdale's band was permitted to use the name Bush without the letter X, in exchange for donating $20,000 each to the Starlight Foundation and the Canadian Music Therapy Fund.

Subsequent careers
All of the band members continued in music after the breakup of Bush. Kenner and Troiano joined The James Gang, following the departure of Joe Walsh. They performed together on the albums Passin' Thru and Straight Shooter, after which Troiano left to join The Guess Who. Kenner stayed with The James Gang, then with lead guitarist Tommy Bolin, for two further albums, Bang and Miami. John and Glan became session musicians, who also toured with Alice Cooper and Lou Reed. Troiano later developed a successful solo career, which also included Kenner at various times. John later fronted a Toronto-based rhythm and blues band, The Lincolns, which continues to play today. In 2005, Domenic Troiano died aged 59, of prostate cancer.

Discography

 * Bush (1970)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bush (Canadian band)


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Talk:Electric fence

Bill Gallagher
Though interesting, the section on Bill Gallagher isn't correct. He did not invent the electric fence. This is confirmed by the website referenced in that entry. According to www.gallaghergroup.co.nz, "In 1937 Bill Gallagher made his first electric fence. He had read that in America they were using electrified wire to hold stock."

That pretty much says that he got the idea from already established invention and livestock application of the electric fence.

For that reason, I am moving the content just added to this page for further discussion.

''The earliest practical electric fence unit was developed in 1936/1937 by New Zealand inventor William "Bill" Gallagher Snr. Built from a car's ignition coil and a meccano set, Gallagher used the device to keep his horse from scratching itself against his car. Gallagher later started a company to improve and market his invention. Today the Gallagher Group of companies is still heavily involved in electric fencing for livestock control.''

Tobycat 03:31, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't agree that the text is inaccurate, I'm afraid (at least, not based on your explanation. That electrified wire was being used is not the same as saying that "practical electric fence units" had been developed — and that's the only claim that would contradict what the article said. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 08:14, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * My central concern, I suppose, lies with the phrase "earliest pracitcal" in the article. That text does not appear in the source cited by the contributing editor. Further research hasn't yielded any conclusive evidence regarding who was first at applying the technology to livestock fencing.

 * Perhaps another way to use this content would be...
 * An early application of the electric fence was developed in 1936/1937 by New Zealand inventor William "Bill" Gallagher Snr. Built from a car's ignition coil and a meccano set, Gallagher used the device to keep his horse from scratching itself against his car. Gallagher later started a company to improve and market his invention. Today the Gallagher Group of companies is still heavily involved in electric fencing for livestock control.

 * There are sources to back that up while avoiding giving a conclusive impression of "invention". What do you think?  Tobycat 16:29, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The first electrified wire used to try to stop livestock was "invented" in the late 1800's, but was a single wire running along the ground.
 * I have edited the history considerably, as The Gallagher firm did not manafacture Gallagher Snrs idea. It pirated the patent of the electric fence that in produces today from an inventor in the Waikato, and Im sick of Galligher getting all the credit when he had nothing to do with the inventing, he just stole the patent for it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.173.176.198 (talk • contribs) 11:57, 27 June 2007

 * Please sign your posts. These claims need citations, it would be best to conform to WP:Verifiability. I am going to put in some citation tags and tone down the POV language.  Please provide sources for these claims and we can properly incorporate the controversy if needed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Montanabw (talk • contribs) 20:12, 27 June 2007 [Whoops!]

 * Rhys Darby claimed in his live show last night that they were invented by NZer. But he's a comedian and probably doesn't edit Wikipedia! (He also claimed the same for a postage stamp vending machine, but there doesn't seem to currently be an article on such a specific device... and I think acquiring sufficient sources to establish notability wouldn't be an easy task.) -- Trevj (talk) 10:38, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

I feel that the section that states that an early application of electric fences was Bill Gallaghers fence is misleading. It is clearly not an early application when the article mentions electric fences usage in the previous paragraphs. For this reason I'm changing it to earliest application for livestock — Preceding unsigned comment added by Alistairslalom (talk • contribs) 13:49, 6 May 2014 (UTC)

Mark Twain
Twain's Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) features an electrified fence (used to defend a stronghold). Is this at all relevant? Was the concept or application around before this? 16:03, 25 Oct 2005

 * gentleman by the name of william christie developed the first electric fence which became known as the Speedrite company of new zealand Gauge4 (talk) 12:56, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

Power consumption?
What is the power consumption to electrify a fence?--Poodleboy 08:56, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Not sure on exact figures but fairly small strip-grazing units (say < 200 m of fence) can be run from a car battery for a few weeks at a time. Lisiate 00:19, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I noticed the consumption on one AC one was 6 watts. each pulse was about 6 Joules. Polypipe Wrangler (talk) 06:34, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

 * That can't be the consumption of the fencer itself, but other parts of the AC unit – presumably its AC-to-DC transformer. The fencer itself must have a very much lower power demand than that. If I've got my sums right, 6 W would exhaust a fully charged 40Ah car battery in about three days; to run for 50 days a fencer must use under 0.5 W; I think 100 days would be more like it, making the consumption around 0.2 W. Richard New Forest (talk) 09:46, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I'm with Richard. Whatever he says -- in part because I don't have a clue. Either the little red light on my tester works or it doesn't.  Montanabw (talk) 22:53, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

Wiki commons
Have added a few images on wiki commons courtesy of [APS perimeter security]. But there are a lot more areas we could cover with images, detailed pictures of equipment and installation etc. Anyone interested in helping? Please just add to the commons page,Collieman 10:21, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Electric fences and home security
I see that most of the references relate to animal control or institutional security. Living in South Africa, a large percentage of middle to upper-class houses have their own electric fences, usually sitting on top of an existing wall.

These usually consist of 4-8 steel strands. with the control box mounted inside the house, and connected to a rapid response security company should the fence be tampered with.

In most cases they carry non-lethal charges, and are meant to act as a deterrent.

Does anyone have any more information to add? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chewie64 (talk • contribs) 07:55, 23 November 2006

Voltage
What is the voltage (or potential difference) with which are driven the typical non-lethal fences ? No mention of a volatage anywhere in the article : ( —Preceding unsigned comment added by XApple (talk • contribs) 21:25, 30 January 2007

 * The original non-shortable electric fence produced pulses of 2.5 kV. I believe most agricultural fences still use voltages around this value, but the current delivered can vary considerably. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.173.176.198 (talk • contribs) 11:50, 27 June 2007

Peeing on electric fence Considered Harmful
The article currently notes "the possibility of actually getting a shock from urinating on the standard electric fence is close to zero." The editor who added this cites this Snopes article, but sadly misunderstands it. The Snopes article debunks a picture of a horrific injury that is attributed to an electric fence. An electric fence did not cause that injury; but it would still hurt! Urine, like most any common solution of water, is an electrolyte -- it would indeed conduct electricity. I'm going to remove the suggestion that peeing on an electric fence would be harmless. FWIW, I've been zapped by several electric fences in my time, though never in that particular way. --Robertb-dc 19:57, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I have electric fence on my property. While I can't say anyone I know has even tried this, as Snopes.com states, the possibility of being zapped in "that" particular way is probably slim to none. It's a urban legend. (Or perhaps a rural legend). Find me ONE actual example of this happning, verifiable, and I shall reconsider. In the meantime, it's probably just as well out of the article altogether. Montanabw 21:33, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

 * This has been tested out in a number of experiments on popular science shows e.g. National Geographic Channel. Jetsetpainter (talk) 14:23, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

peeing on the fence in bare feet or non insulating foot wear will cause a short circuit that will stop the flow with a sharp sting Gauge4 (talk) 13:01, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Find a verifiable source that isn't an urban legend or original research. Actually, given the situation, definitely DO NOT conduct original research. (Pun intended...)  =:-O   Montanabw (talk) 15:59, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

unrelated/incorrect information
This wire does not carry current. A transmitter sends out a radio signal. The shock is applied via battery in the collar if it is near enough to the wire to pick up the signal. I don't think this belongs in this article. "The transmitter plugs into a standard electrical outlet. It emits a radio signal that travels through the installed underground wire. Therefore a transmitter can accommodate as many pets as you have collars." http://home.howstuffworks.com/pet-fence3.htmJaswv5 19:37, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

 * So fix it. Montanabw (talk) 23:55, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

How big a zap?
My fence tester has a maximum on the scale of 50 or 60 kv, my fence has never come even close, usually more like 20 or 30 KV but it's all synthetic, the climate is very dry and I only have one grounding rod on it. Wimpy, but still (inadvertently) gave the neighbor kid a good zap, though, =:-O  and both the permanent and rotational sections do their job keeping the critters in. Montanabw (talk) 00:46, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

 * My tester has a very different scale – from one to only six kV. I wonder if it's measuring the same thing?  Our fences usually give about 5,000 V (or less on a very long fence, in dry weather, or with a poor earth). But is the tester testing an actual "jolt", or the unearthed voltage? My tester has to be earthed, so I suspect it's measuring a jolt.  --Richard New Forest (talk) 10:33, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I've seen both kinds, one seems to use volts, one type KV. But what I have has to be grounded, too. This reminds me, better check the fence, haven't in a bit. Will take a closer look at the tester, you know how one doesn't really pay attention to these things.  Montanabw (talk) 17:14, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Electrical Parameters In my opinion this article seems to lack a clear explanation of the electrical properties of agracultural electric fences. My understanding of such things is as follows :

Typically    Voltage           = 2000 to 7000 volts Duration of pulse = 1 millisecond max Pulse rate       = 1 per second max

The high voltage would be rapidly lethal if applied for more than a duration of about 1 millisecond. Because heart muscle response to electrical stimulation is slower than that of voluntary muscle, a 1 millisecond duration pulse produces painfull sensation and involuntary twitching but no disturbance to heart rhythm. The high voltage is used to ensure a conduction path is established through fur, hoof (or shoe) and ground resistance.

Performance issues A general rule of thumb is that a fence unit that stores one joule of energy (for each pulse) in its capacitor will under normal conditions be adaquite to power 10 kilometers of fence. If there are short curcuits (wires fallen down, faylty insulators, excessive vegitation touching fence, damp conditions, etc) then voltage and pulse duration are both reduced. Excessive resistances in the circuit may degrade performance by limiting current. Causes could include inadaquite earth connection, high ground resistance (drought or gravelly ground), use of stretched (or old or poorly knotted) electric tape or string,

Fence Urination I have actually met someone who says that he has pissed on an electric fence. His report is that it was a dark night and he didnt realise the fence was electric, that there were no after effects but also that it was an experience he will be carefull to avoid repeating.

David Bean (mothmyth@yahoo.co.nz) Christchurch, New Zealand 15/9/13

101.98.148.49 (talk) 14:11, 14 September 2013 (UTC)

Spacing of temporary stakes etc
I use temporary electric fences all the time (original research I know, but I don't do anything different from normal UK practice). The stakes don't need to go closer than 10 to 15 metres – I usually do them at 13 paces, to save arguments with my partner, as that's 15 of hers. Light wire, tape or string easily stretches over this distance by hand tension without visible sagging – I only put insulators closer if they're accommodating humps, dips or kinks, or when attached to a fence which has closer posts. Are you sure you're not counting metres as feet..? I'll have a look for a photo, or take one.

In the UK, steel T-posts (or come to that star posts) are unknown for modern agricultural purposes (though I have sometimes seen the remnants of very old fences of flat or angle steel posts) – only in solid rock would we use a rock drill, angle steel and cement. For permanent fencing we use wooden stakes (3" or 4" diameter round, or 5" half-round). For temporary electric fence corners these are perfectly adequate, and can easily be got in and out with hand tools. Perhaps softer ground helps (some of our own fields have 2 metres or more of soft peat...), but we do have very hard ground too. Actually, in our own kit we do have some proprietary temporary fencing corners: hinged tripods of steel, with a porcelain insulator and spikes for feet. However, these are very old – I've only once seen anyone else using them, and I've never seen new ones on sale (ours were from a farm clearance auction). To be honest, they're not very good, as they easily get pulled or knocked over, and are awkward to carry. So we use wooden stakes. Or plastic baler twine, tied to passing shrubbery. --Richard New Forest (talk) 10:33, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Ah, more regional variations. Interesting. Yes, your ground is VERY soft. Probably also soil too, we have a dry climate, soils vary, mostly clay and decomposed granite with some nice topsoil, but no "peat" anywhere. Some places we measure topsoil in inches.

 * I think spacing is a question of materials. The photo of the temporary setup of synthetic electric fencing in the article is one I took. The posts are lightweight, about 36-42" high, and while designed for synthetic fence and good for supporting multiple strands, also will bend sideways pretty fast, I take about 4-5 paces between them, 12 feet average, though I suppose I could get away with 15 (but they sell the posts in lots of 25, so I have plenty). Also the electro-braid (rope) droops easily and the webbing needs to be very well supported. When folks use wire only or just the half-inch tape, I can see having stakes farther apart, particularly if they only support one strand and use posts such as the stiff fiberglass "pigtail" posts.  Our neighbor across the road does rotational fencing for his mules using half inch tape, pigtail posts, and probably has them 15-20 feet apart. We sort of are trained out here that fenceposts are 15-20 feet apart for the good old barbed wire fence, so variation on post spacing starts with that base assumption.

 * Your 3"-4" "stakes" are called "fenceposts" out here! (LOL!) 4-inch is the standard post diameter for permanent wire fencelines here, but many are smaller (really old fences you sometimes even see twisted juniper trunks only 2-3 inches in diameter). Many posts are lodgepole pine, which takes quite a while just to get that wide. For GOOD braces and corners, we use old Railroad ties or posts that are closer to 6" dia. But you can't drive more than about a six inch stake into the ground without tools, no way could you pound in even a pointed post more than a foot by hand, and it wouldn't stay upright. Maybe in the spring you can get a driven post to wriggle a little if it isn't driven in deep enough, but unless they have rotted at the base, usually you have to pull them with the bucket of a tractor or something. Fenceposts are either driven in with a tractor or put into hand dug holes and packed in...steel posts can be driven in with a sledgehammer or a (safer) "post pounder" tool. I noted somewhere in wiki that Australians use steel posts too...probably a dry soil thing, I do know that they don't stay upright worth a darn in moist soil.

 * Good to figure this out. I think it's fascinating to see how different places manage these things. Geography is destiny! Montanabw (talk) 17:37, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

 * "Stake" and "post" are used rather loosely in Britain. Most commonly, the corner post is, well, a post, and the intermediate stakes are stakes or indeed fence posts. In this area (Dorset/Hampshire border) the local term for stakes is "piles". What you call a stake we might call a peg...  Corner posts are usually round, 6" diameter, or we also use what we call railway sleepers, or sections of telegraph pole. Stakes are knocked in with a mel (big rubber or wooden mallet), or a post thumper, & in harder ground we make a pilot hole with a crowbar (not your crowbar, it's our name for your spud bar). For longer lengths of fence, both corner posts and stakes are knocked in with a tractor-mounted driver (usually a big weight lifted and dropped). Corner posts can be dug in as you describe, or a right-sized hole is made with a hand, motor or tractor auger. Those Aussie steel posts seem to be star posts.

 * Coming back to the spacing, am I right that you're talking about temporary fencing which is not straight? You talk of the stakes bending, but they only do that on curves – in that case I'd certainly put them a lot closer too. I mostly use this type of fencing for cattle, in hundred-metre-plus straight lines which can be well-tensioned – also, I don't want to to stagger across the marsh with more sacks of stakes than I have to...--Richard New Forest (talk) 20:45, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Ah, separated by a common language again. A tractor-mounted driver, yes, we colloquially sometimes call that a pounder or a driver (though a hand tool for steel posts is also called a pounder. No real logic, just is). In my case, yes, temporary fencing definitely needs more of a brace if not in a straight line, but the wind CAN blow over a temporary fence with one inch webbing on posts with shallow stakes (learned that the hard way), depending on which way the posts are oriented, so even on a straight line it doesn't hurt to toss in a few steel posts. Marsh? You mean you have WATER? If we have a marsh, it's so close to a body of water that the only real worry is getting the tractor stuck for the last three or four posts! (grin) What I find interesting about this whole discussion is that climate and soils make such a difference...dry versus wet climates--wow. What we really need now is someone from the Australian outback (where they are REALLY dry) and someone from the tropics to weigh in.  Montanabw (talk) 22:47, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

(Most of above discussion copied to Talk:Agricultural fencing. --Richard New Forest (talk) 22:29, 6 December 2007 (UTC))

There are wood posts used for Electric Fences that DON'T use any Electric Insulators. At one time in the US this was called "New Zealand Fencing" and the wood posts were called 'Ironwood'. However, I have always wondered what genus/species and/or if they were specially treated? But, I don't really believe they were treated. Very fragrant wood, reminds one of a very hard cedar. 80.177.89.179 (talk) 11:07, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Dry wood is quite a good insulator, so this would work in a dry climate, especially for shorter lengths and where power consumption is not a major issue – there would be some drain to earth, but there would be enough left in the wire for the fence to work. Wet wood is much more conductive, and so in a climate with proper weather it would not work well – most of the juice would go to earth and the animals would not notice much shock; the battery would soon run down too. Richard New Forest (talk) 22:33, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I live in a fairly dry climate, but it does rain some, and we have snow too, Plus there is also a belief, I do not know if accurate, that dry wood as an insulator would create a fire hazard. At any rate, we are big on using insulators. I don't know, maybe in some remote region of the Australian outback this could work...but not a lot of wood there for posts in the first place... Montanabw (talk) 04:09, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

Voltage and curent info
Where is it? any one got any details on these?--TreeSmiler (talk) 22:50, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Lethal electric fences
Of all the given examples of lethal electric fences, all but three have no references or cites given. One of the cites is to a quarter-century old off-line newspaper that I cannot access; however, our linked article on the inner German border discusses the same fence using the same reference, and no-where claims the fence current was potentially lethal (despite elsewhere mentioning landmines etc.) Worse, of the other two cites, both fail verification. Both the linked articles do indeed discuss an electric fence; in neither case is any specific claim made about its potentially lethality.

When I google for references myself, everything I find is either chatty anecdotal stuff, or refers to the recently popular installation of lethal electric fences in US prisons (and to the fact that prisoners have discovered they are no harder to breach than a non-lethal fence.) I'd never actually considered this before, but it has now occurred to me that a lethal electric fence is just not a good idea, quite apart from ethical considerations. It would be far more difficult and expensive to manage, and yet is not actually any more secure than a nonlethal one. -- Securiger (talk) 03:18, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Seems like one should be able to find sources for lethality at the concentration camps in Nazi Germany (Seems like I recall hearing/seeing similar info when I toured the holocaust museum myself, but it was several years ago), as for the rest, you are probably correct, particularly on prisons in the western world. But, particularly for the Iron Curtain and N. Korea, maybe find a source for sure saying they are not. Just go find footnotes one way or the other. I don't really have an oar to put in on this section (I edit on the animal fencing bits), but from other articles, all I can say is footnote, footnote, footnote. Good footnotes seem to end most disputes, LOL! Montanabw (talk) 07:00, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

There is an interesting government fact-sheet titled "The California Health Care Facility (CHCF) – Stockton Construction Project Details and Economic Benefits" (found here) which calls for a "13-foot-high lethal electrified fence." 67.188.44.187 (talk) 04:27, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

History
There must be more to the history - Google Books shows a couple of electric fence companies being announced in "Eletrical World" in the 1890's. --Wtshymanski (talk) 20:07, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Probably, looks like you are on it, have fun with the research! :-D   Montanabw (talk) 22:20, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
 * We have reached the limits of what rectal probing Google Books can teach us.--Wtshymanski (talk) 00:37, 5 August 2011 (UTC)

Escape of 400+ men over an electric fence in 1945
Before the man hunt, the so-called "Mühlviertler_Hasenjagd", happened in cold February 1945, some 500 prisoners of the concentration camp Mauthausen, Austria have attempted to escape via the electric fence of the camp. To short-cut (and buffer?) the electric (barbed?) wires they used wet blankets and bits of clothing. 419 managed to get out of the camp, but only 11 of them are known to have survived until the end of World War II three months later, hidden or at least supported by resistant humans. (Sources: the cited en.wp-article and a local "political wandering tour" with Peter Kammerstätter (e.g. named in http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Skrabal) in the 1980s) --Helium4 (talk) 13:55, 28 August 2011 (UTC)

Merge
Electrified palisade fences is an orphan with content that could usefully be merged here. --Wtshymanski (talk) 21:01, 28 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I oppose a merge per WP:UNDUE due to the length of the other article. My view is that it's probably unique enough to be its own article, maybe a link here to de-orphan it. I popped some proposed language into the article. Montanabw (talk) 23:05, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, it's only about 1200 bytes more of unique content, and I don't think it gives undue weight. --Wtshymanski (talk) 20:32, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

 * The merge does seem OK, maybe format that one image so it doesn't create so much white space. Montanabw (talk) 00:45, 28 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I really think the palisades material is a good addition to this article, and gives the palisades material some context. I tried moving the picture and shrinking it...it looks OK on Firefox on my netbook, but my Wiki-fu is not great when it comes to eliminate white spaces. How does it look? --01:30, 28 February 2013 (UTC)

 * OK on my laptop with Safari! Thanks! Montanabw (talk) 20:52, 28 February 2013 (UTC)

Czechoslovak lethal electric fence EZOH
Hi, I have a question and would like to know an opinion about it. I have added an abbreviation EZOH to the article and a reference to Czech government institution - the Archive of State security which is a very authoritative and important institution. My change was reverted without any reason and then I had a very strange conversation with the reverter who told me he doesn't like Czech language in this document. Frankly I do not understand this reason - anyone can use the Google translator or order a translation to English so why to remove this valuable link?

 * So the link. It describes how the lethal fence EZOH was deployed in communist Czechoslovakia.
 * Victims killed by the EZOH-fence.. Also a link to the government institution.

Do we need this references in the article? Thank you for your answer. Doronenko (talk) 13:26, 1 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I didn't say that. I said that your edit was incomprehensible, which it was. Without any context, your version looks like someone inserted some random letters in the middle of the sentence. - MrOllie (talk) 13:46, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

Merge of Electrified palisade fences
Insufficiently distinct to support a separate article. Andy Dingley (talk) 17:47, 1 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Support - merging with this article would strengthen the presentation for both. --Wtshymanski (talk) 18:54, 1 September 2017 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 04:41, 29 December 2018 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:53, 8 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Electric-palisade-fence.jpg

title: Talk:Electric fence


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aguinaldo, Ifugao

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:30, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Aguinaldo, Ifugao
Utter gibberish qitaana 03:32, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I have cleaned it up a bit to a 	Philippines-geo-stub. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 03:51, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as it is now. That definitely was absolute gibberish when nominated though. -- Jonel 04:07, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep now is a fine stub. Force10 05:03, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It's no worse than any other geo-stub Xcali 05:31, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Now. At the time of the vfd-ing, it said ".lkoxkd g[hopxkuc".  I would have speedy deleted it.  But the rewrite is worth keeping.  RickK 19:46, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Thanks Zzyzx11 for cleaning it up.-Casito⇝Talk 06:03, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Now that it's been expanded into at least stub status. (Honestly!  The page when I first saw it looked like somehow had just drummed their fingers on the keyboard...) qitaana 13:13, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but one small question, what is palay?--nixie 14:40, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - Apparently, it's unmilled rice (see for the clearest article I could find). -- Jonel 01:44, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Well done to Zzyzx11 for cleaning it up. Capitalistroadster 16:42, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum

The Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum, full name: The Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum on Implementation Timeline of Outstanding Commitments of Agreements Signed and the Resumption of Permanent Status Negotiations, was a memorandum signed on September 4, 1999, by Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Barak and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat at Sharm el Sheikh in Egypt, overseen by the United States represented by Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. The memorandum was witnessed and co-signed by President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt and King Abdullah of Jordan.

Purposes
The memorandum's purpose was to implement the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (Oslo II) of September 1995 and to implement all other agreements between the PLO and Israel since September 1993: Protocol on Economic Relations (1994); Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area (1994); Washington Declaration (1994); Agreement on Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities Between Israel and the PLO (1994); Protocol on Further Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities (1995); Wye River Memorandum (1998).

To sum up the memorandum: "In an effort to break the deadlocked Israel-PA negotiations, the parties met in Sharm El Sheikh in the presence of Secretary Albright, President Mubarak and King Abdullah, and signed an agreement which called for the Israeli withdrawal from a further 11% of the West Bank; the release of 350 Palestinian prisoners; the opening of safe passages between the West Bank and Gaza; and a seaport to be built in Gaza. There was also a timetable for final status talks to deal with Jerusalem, borders, refugees and settlements. A framework agreement on permanent status (FAPS) was to be achieved by February 2000 and permanent agreement by September 2000."

Redeployments
The two sides agreed to resume Permanent Status negotiations to reach a Permanent Status Agreement. They reaffirmed that negotiations on the Permanent Status would lead to the implementation of Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338. Both sides agreed to make a determined effort to conclude a framework agreement and established a timetable to achieve this goal. Israel and Palestine agreed on a number of Israeli redeployments.

(Note: Area A - Full control of the Palestinian Authority.

Area B - Palestinian civil control, Israeli military control.

Area C - Full Israeli control.)

 * 1) On September 5, 1999, to transfer 7% from Area C to Area B.

 * 1) On November 15, 1999, to transfer 2% from Area B to Area A and 3% from Area C to Area B.

 * 1) On January 20, 2000, to transfer 1% from Area C to Area A, and 5.1% from Area B to Area A.

Other stipulations

 * Various committees to monitor redeployments and the return to civilian life.
 * Safe passage routes and crossing points.
 * A high level Joint Liaison Committee, which would convene no later than September 13, 1999 to review the situation in the Tomb of the Patriarchs / Al Haram Al Ibrahimi

The memorandum states that neither side would initiate or take any step that would change the status of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in accordance with the Interim Agreement. This clause recognized the necessity to create an appropriate environment for negotiations,

Israeli and Palestinian negotiators also discussed various issues:

 * Needs for the peaceful and normal functioning of the Gaza sea port and airport.
 * The release of Palestinian prisoners from Israeli military jails.
 * Anti-terrorism security. Both sides affirmed they would act swiftly against any threat or act of terrorism, violence or incitement, whether committed by Palestinians or Israelis.

Palestine and Israel also called upon the international donor community to enhance its financial support for the Palestinian economic development and the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.

title: Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum


text:
Hinduism in the United Arab Emirates

Hindus are the third largest Religious group in the United Arab Emirates and constitute around 6.6%-15% of the population in the nation. Hinduism is followed mainly by the significant Nepali and Indian population in the United Arab Emirates.

History
At the turn of the 20th century, the region that now comprises the UAE experienced an economic boom as a result of the pearling industry; the few Indian traders who immigrated to the emirates settled in coastal towns and remained on the fringes of Emirati society. Dubai has traditionally served as an "entrepôt for trade between the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent and was dominated by Hindu merchants in both gold and textile trade". After the discovery of crude oil and large-scale industrialization and urbanization in the UAE, many workers and employees came to UAE for employment purposes in the nation. Many South Asians immigrated there for work, and after 2000, Dubai became a global hotspot, attracting mainly South Asians, many of whom were Hindus.

Demographics
Most of the Hindu diaspora in UAE are Indian, especially from Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Punjab. The other Hindus are from Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan.

According to the 2007 International Religious Freedom Report, unofficial figures estimate that at least 15 percent of the UAE population is Hindu. In 2011, the Pew Research Center estimates that Hindus constitute 6.6% of the population.

Temples
There are currently two temples in Dubai and one temple in Abu Dhabi.
 * Hindu Temple, Dubai (1958)
 * Hindu Temple Jebel Ali, Dubai (2022)
 * BAPS Hindu Mandir Abu Dhabi (2024)

The Hindu Temple, Dubai, located in Bur Dubai, is locally referred to as "Shiva and Krishna Mandir." It was built in 1958. The Shiv temple closed in 2024 due to lack of space and was relocated to Jabel Ali. The Krishna Temple continues to exist there.

The second Hindu Temple of Dubai is in Jebel Ali Village next to the Sikh Gurudwara and Churches Complex. The temple was opened on October 5, 2022.

In August 2015, the UAE government allocated land for the construction of a Hindu temple in Abu Dhabi. The construction of the BAPS Hindu Mandir in Abu Dhabi commenced in December 2019. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the temple on 14 February 2024.

Cremation facilities for Hindus
There are two operating cremation facilities for the Hindu community, one in Abu Dhabi and one in Dubai.

title: Hinduism in the United Arab Emirates


text: User talk:69.167.26.82

title: User talk:69.167.26.82


text:
I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman

"I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" is a song by American singer Britney Spears from her third studio album, Britney (2001). It was written and produced by Max Martin and Rami, with additional writing from Dido. The song was released as the second US and third international single from Britney on January 7, 2002, by Jive Records. "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" is a song that speaks about the angst and heartache of adolescence. Spears considered the song inspirational and one of her favorite songs to perform.

"I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" received positive reviews from music critics. The song was considered to be Spears' standout statement on Britney, and was likened to the powerful ballads written by Diane Warren. However, it won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Original Song due to the film that it was paired up with. While the song did not perform well in the United States, "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" reached the top ten in Australia, Germany, Ireland, Sweden and United Kingdom. An accompanying music video for the song was filmed at Antelope Canyon in Page, Arizona and directed by Wayne Isham, being released along with Crossroads (2002), Spears' first film as a protagonist. Spears performed "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" as part of her Dream Within a Dream Tour, and on several TV and award shows.

Background
In early 2001, Spears and her team developed a script for a movie where the singer could be the main role. "I talked to Rhimes and told her what I wanted the movie to be about and she elaborated on it," Spears said. "It was my little project. When you do a movie, I think you have to be really passionate about it. I was having a lot of offers, but this is something my heart was into." After finishing the script, the movie, which was later titled Crossroads, had the working titles of What Are Friends For and Not a Girl. "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" was written by Dido, Max Martin and Rami. Though the song was recorded specifically for inclusion in the movie, it was also included on Spears's third studio album, Britney (2001).

Composition
The song was produced and mixed by Max Martin and Rami Yacoub. Max Martin began working on the song at Maratone Studios in Stockholm, Sweden in mid-2001 and Spears recorded in June of the same year at Battery Studios in New York City, New York. The June 20, 2001, recording session aired on MTV Diary on September 1, 2001. Background vocals were provided by Martin and Jeanette Oison. Spears considered the song as one of her favorites, while praising Dido for her input into its songwriting, saying "it was truly an honor for you to be part of my album. Thanks for your input." "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" is a pop power ballad, founded on a strong piano melody, that lasts for three minutes and 49 seconds. The song is composed in the key of E♭ major and is set in time signature of common time, with a moderately slow tempo of 76 beats per minute. After the bridge, it transposes to F major. The song's lyrics talk about the angst and heartache that teenage girls suffer with puberty, where Spears claims, "I used to think I had the answers to everything." "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" has a basic sequence of E♭–A♭2–Fm7–B♭ as its chord progression.

Critical
"I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" received positive reviews from music critics. Yale Daily News writer Catherine Halaby called it a "well-executed ballad", while observing that "it comes across as a hybrid of advice to her young female fans on how to deal with puberty, and an explanation of her girly but not childlike attitude." Jim Farber of the Daily News while reviewing the Dream Within a Dream Tour, called the song "sugar pop dittie", along with Spears' previous ballad single "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know". Nikki Tranker of PopMatters considered the song "Britney's standout statement on [Britney], [...] a power ballad that allows [the singer] to showcase her expert vocals while still adhering to the rules of safe pop." Tranker compared the song to powerful ballads written by Diane Warren.

Katie Perone of the Loyola Greyhound said the song "clearly defines the theme of the record: Britney's growing up, and wants to do her own thing." Nayer Nissim, from Pink News, called it "a bit wet and safe, but a standout vocal performance and Britney’s real connection with the lyrics elevates this". Shannon Barbour from Cosmopolitan called it Spears' 25th best song. Daniel Megarry from Gay Times classified it as a "soaring" ballad and wrote: "after two albums of girl-next-door visuals and bubblegum pop songs, Brit was ready to embrace adulthood [...] No song represents this better than 'I’m Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman'". The staff from Entertainment Weekly placed it at number 30 on their ranking of Spears's songs and called it "her best introspection". Nicholas Hautman, from Us Weekly, deemed it a "somewhat cheesy yet introspective power ballad". Despite the positive response from critics, the song won a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Original Song in 2003, due to being featured in Spears' film Crossroads (2002).

Commercial
"I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" achieved moderate commercial success. The song did not make much impact in the United States, failing to reach the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number two on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100. However, the song did manage to peak at number 21 on the Billboard Pop Songs chart, and debuted in its peak position of number two in the United Kingdom. In Australia, the song peaked at number seven, and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association for selling over 30,000 physical units of the single. It also peaked inside the top ten in Austria, Germany, Ireland, and Sweden.

Music video
The accompanying music video for the track was directed by Wayne Isham, who wanted to show Spears "out in nature". The video was filmed from August 16–17, 2001, on location in Arizona and Alstrom Point, Utah with none of the scenes shot on green screens. The video primarily consists of Spears, whilst wearing cowboy boots, performing the song whilst standing on the edge of a cliff, and inside a slot canyon: despite her "trepidation" and heavy winds which "almost dropped [her] over", she performed the scene without a safety cable. Isham praised Spears' attitude to the filming of the scene, claiming that she "had not a blink of fear" during the shoot, Spears is sitting on top of a cliff, surrounded by cliffs. Isham also considered the music video one of his favorites, commenting that he had "nothing but positive things to say about my experience with her and what she's doing right now" and that Spears "stepped into it with positive energy. She ended up stepping out and kicking ass." There are three versions of the video. The first and second versions has clips from the film Crossroads as well as additional scenes of Spears sitting at a bonfire and in a red motel room; the third version is the original version. The music video won the award for International Music Video of the Year Short-Form on the 2003 Japan Gold Disc Awards.

Live performances
"I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" was performed on Spears's Dream Within a Dream Tour. After the performance of "Boys", Spears sat down next to a piano player and talked to the audience before moving into a performance of the song. Spears also performed the song in several television appearances, including on The Rosie O'Donnell Show, the Late Show with David Letterman, the American Music Awards of 2002, The Oprah Winfrey Show, and Saturday Night Live. "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" was also performed on the show Wetten, dass..? in Germany and on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. An MTV special titled Total Britney Live included an exclusive performance of the song, along with performances of "I'm a Slave 4 U" and "Stronger".

Track listings

 * European CD single
 * 1) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Album Version) – 3:53
 * 2) "I Run Away" (Album Version) – 4:06

 * European and Australian CD maxi single
 * 1) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Album Version) – 3:53
 * 2) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Spanish Fly Remix Radio Edit) – 3:29
 * 3) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Chocolate Puma Dub) – 7:37
 * 4) "I Run Away" (Album Version) – 4:06
 * 5) "Overprotected" (Video) – 3:54
 * 6) "Crossroads US Movie Trailer" (Video) – 1:19

 * Japanese CD maxi single
 * 1) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Album Version) – 3:53
 * 2) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Spanish Fly Remix Radio Edit) – 3:29
 * 3) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Chocolate Puma Dub) – 7:37
 * 4) "I Run Away" (Album Version) – 4:06

 * UK CD maxi single and cassette single
 * 1) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Album Version) – 3:53
 * 2) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Spanish Fly Remix Radio Edit) – 3:29
 * 3) "I Run Away" (Album Version) – 4:06

 * DVD single
 * 1) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Music Video)
 * 2) "Crossroads" (Movie Preview)
 * 3) "Live from Las Vegas" (Live Performance)

 * 12-inch vinyl
 * 1) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Spanish Fly Club Mix) – 6:03
 * 2) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Spanish Fly Radio Edit) – 3:28
 * 3) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Chocolate Puma Mix) – 6:24
 * 4) "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (Album Version) – 3:51

Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the liner notes of Britney.
 * Britney Spears – lead vocals
 * Dido Armstrong – songwriting
 * Max Martin – songwriting, producer, mixing, background vocals
 * Rami Yacoub – songwriting, producer, mixing
 * Jeanette Olsson – background vocals
 * Esbjörn Öhrwall – guitar, piano
 * Tom Coyne – audio mastering

title: I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman


text:
Talk:Descriptive notation

needs improvement
I think this article needs to be improved. --Bubba73 03:32, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. Improvement is needed. Isopropyl 06:10, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Great! Can either of you suggest some specific improvements you'd like to see? --Malirath 23:44, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

 * A couple of things are (1) I don't think the digram looks good, and (2) there are too many short paragraphs in the main section. Bubba73 (talk), 20:26, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, I've worked on it, and I'm satisfied with it. Bubba73 (talk), 17:53, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Evergreen example
Well, I know this is en.wikipedia, not es.wikipedia, but I am not familiar with english descriptive notation (however, the article is about all descriptive variants). I will study it and I'll traslate it when I have time. Rjgodoy 06:49, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

I translated it to English Descriptive 75.16.112.207 02:45, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

Info for the "naming the pieces table"
Just A little Addition For the Naming The Pieces Table Icelandic For "Checkmate" is "Skák og mát Aevarr 16:16, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

Japanese Chess names
There must be an error. The Japanese names are exactly as the English names, just written in Katakana. In other words, they are just a transcription of English words using their own symbols. It would be sad that the Japanese nouns are in the process of becoming nothing but English written using their own characters.
 * Why should it be otherwise? The Western chess pieces are not native to Japan. The Western king, rook, and bishop do exist in shogi, but naturally have different names. The Western queen and knight also appear in some native Japanese shogi variants, but again have different names. The Western pawn does not appear in any Japanese shogi variant. Double sharp (talk) 05:49, 24 November 2014 (UTC)

rearrangement
I rearranged the page to put that huge table of names in other languages at the end -- it's a huge thing to get past for the newcomer who really just wants to know what descriptive notation is. Also, this is the English language wikipedia and all the examples on the page use English notation, so it's sensible to give just the English piece names and their abbreviations first.

I decided that since the examples on the page almost all use N in preference to Kt, I changed the few Kt's to match. 91.105.24.49 22:00, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:ByrneFischer.jpg
The image File:ByrneFischer.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --00:37, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

Hindi chess names/abbreviations?
I question the accuracy of the "Hindi" line of this table. The names of the pieces are given in Latin transcription, with abbreviations based on the first Latin letter of the transcription of each Hindi word. But since Hindi is customarily written using the Devanagari abugida, not the Latin alphabet, I would assume that the customary abbreviations for chess pieces would be based on the Devanagari written forms — or, if Latin abbreviations really are used, that they would more likely be the initials of the English names of the pieces, since English is commonly known and used by educated people throughout India. Can anyone who is familiar with chess notation in Hindi-speaking parts of India take a look at this and either fix it or confirm that it's correct as it stands? I'm also going to try to find a wikiproject page for India- or Hindi-related topics and ask about this there. Richwales (talk) 01:26, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

"Typically, the move will record only enough information to make the move unambiguous."
There is one extremely fine distinction that could be mentioned in the sense of completeness: that even the presence (or worse, the absence) of the "check" symbol may be considered enough to avoid ambiguity. Or not enough. Example: Suppose that White can play either B-QN5 or B-KN5, but only one (of course) of these gives check. Therefore, "B-N5+" is one of the moves and plain old "B-N5" is the other. You also see this in the early BxP in the common Danish Gambit -- the fact that it isn't BxP+ is supposed to tip you off that it's BxQNP and not BxKBP. Some annotators will use further defnition, whereas others don't bother. WHPratt (talk) 14:58, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

 * In fact check is usually indicated in descriptive for any move that results in check, even when it is not required to make the notation unambiguous. This makes the "typically only enough information to make the move unambmiguous" claim in the article not strictly correct, although I didn't think of that point until you brought up a related issue. Quale (talk) 05:13, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree with Quale. I looked at a few old descriptive-notation books, and the unvarying practice is to always indicate checks. Krakatoa (talk) 21:36, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

 * It was indeed expected that a check would always be flagged in the descriptive notation. I was just commenting on the fact that some annotators felt that the presence or absence of the check symbol was sufficient to disambiguate similar-looking moves, while others didn't.  Someone reading an old game collection might be confused if not .aware of this. WHPratt (talk) 20:31, 5 March 2010 (UTC)

 * One more thing: as decisions regarding the rules of chess are usually eminently logical (I attribute this to this excellent taste of the people involved), I'm surprised that a potentially-ambiguous move will be recorded as, i.e., "KPxP". It seems to me that "PxBP" is much better due to the fact that a capturing pawn always changes its identity.  The KP was a KP when the move started, but it was itself a BP when the move ended.  The enemy BP, however, lived and died a BP.  I'd therefore recommend "PxBP" (or "PxQBP" or "PxKBP" if necessary) as preferable to "KPxP" -- the file of the captured pawn should prevail.  I'm being picky, but logical. WHPratt (talk) 03:09, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I disagree a little with that. The notation 9algebraic and descriptive) is "from - to".  It is "from" a KP.  Bubba73 (You talkin' to me?), 03:39, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

One other use that might startle someone who reviews old chess literature may be when a rook who's all alone on his back rank moves "R-R1". As he cannot move to the R1 square upon which he now stands, he must be moving to the other R1, so it's unambiguous on a technicality. Indeed, the next move could indeed be "R-R1" again, if he's reacting to a new threat, or perhaps just wasting time. In some very old forms, the "1" square goes unnumbered, so one might see just "R-R". WHPratt (talk) 14:30, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

This is quite interesting, considering that check is generally considered insufficient to disambiguate the move in AN... Double sharp (talk) 18:47, 22 November 2021 (UTC)

Hindi/Urdu
According to this page, the Hindi for Rook is "hāthī" and the Urdu for Bishop is "Haathi". Is it really correct that two languages that are so close use the same name for different pieces? 𝐨𝐱𝐲𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐧𝐵𝑈𝑇𝐴𝑍𝑂𝑁𝐸 ⓊⓉ 00:35, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Good point. The Urdu may be wrong.  It was added recently by an anonymous editor to the chess piece article in an edit that broke the templated table we use.  I moved that edit to Template:chess names, but that may have been a mistake since I haven't verified the accuracy of the Urdu addition. Quale (talk) 04:14, 17 December 2010 (UTC)

About the use in the Americas
It was written that this notation was common in America and I replaced the term for United States, avoiding the ambiguity of the word that also describes the whole Continent of America. I believe that America was used meaning USA by the the autor of the sentence, but I can not say it is sure that he didn't mean it was also common in several of the American countries. As far as I searched, this information would not be correct. If, anyway, somebody has reliable sources that this notation was common in other countries of the continent I believe it would be better to mention the countries. 201.58.141.30 (talk) 05:21, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

 * That may be OK, but I'm not sure, because File:Planilha_Eisenberg_e_Capablanca_.jpg is in DN by the Cuban Capablanca. Bubba73 You talkin' to me?

 * On second thought, that might not be by Capablanca because the writing is in English. Capa's opponent was born in the Ukraine but became a US citizen.) Bubba73 You talkin' to me? 06:09, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I think I have seen descriptive notation in Spanish though. Bubba73 You talkin' to me? 06:15, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

 * AFAIK English and Spanish are the only two languages in which descriptive notation was commonly used in modern times. That can probably be sourced reliably. Quale (talk) 02:33, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I have one - I'll do it later. Bubba73 You talkin' to me? 04:26, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Well, it has some mention of other countries, but I don't know what was used in South America, Central America, etc. Bubba73 You talkin' to me? 05:46, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

Chess Life use of DN
Does anyone know when Chess Life stopped using DN? I know they phased it out over several years, probably late 1970s - 1980s. They were probably the last major publication to use DN. Bubba73 You talkin' to me? 19:17, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I was just looking at some old issues, and I can state that as late as December 1975, the magazine Chess Life & Review was still using descriptive notation exclusively. They did have a box in every issue explaining algebraic notation and encouraging its use, however.  Beyond that, I recall that Larry Evans' monthly column was the last holdout: he continued to discuss submissions in whatever form the reader happened to send.  (Evans himself argued for algebraic as being unambiguous and universal whenever someone asked.) WHPratt (talk) 14:17, 17 April 2013 (UTC)

Continued use in some symmetrical contexts
Annoyingly I cannot remember where I've seen this, but I think I've still seen DN used in specially symmetrical contexts even when AN is used in the rest of the work. It's like the implicit use of DN in phrases like "rook on the seventh" (which in AN is the second rank if Black's doing it). One might then speak of the weakness at KB2 instead of that at f2/f7, or perhaps PxP listed in variations when it doesn't matter which pawn is doing the taking. Or perhaps in the ultimate sentence justifying the use of DN in such a scenario: "A fianchetto consists of the moves P-N3 and B-N2". Can anyone corroborate this hazy memory, though? Double sharp (talk) 18:44, 22 November 2021 (UTC)
 * You often see things like this as English language descriptions rather than formal Descriptive Notation, like your "rook on the seventh" example, or generic references to "rook's pawn" or "knight's pawn". Sometimes it makes for more elegant English. MaxBrowne2 (talk) 02:01, 23 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Descriptive notation


text:
User:Jerzy/Red Links from LoPbN: E

 * Eagan, Seamus, musician
 * Earl, Robert Stephen, (1903-1910)
 * Easton, Charles F., poet
 * Eberhart, Mignon G., (died 1996), author
 * Eberle, Ray, (died 1979), jazz musician
 * Ebert, Carl, (1887-1980), opera manager and director
 * Eckmann, Otto, (1865-1902), painter, interior designer
 * Economaki, Chris, (born 1920), auto-racing reporter
 * Eddy, Don, painter
 * Edghill, Rosemary, mystery author
 * Edlow, April, (born 1976), African American artist and photographer
 * Edmonds, Kenneth 'Babyface', (born 1958), music & film producer
 * Edmund of Abingdon, scholastic philosopher
 * Edsige, Archbishop of Canterbury
 * Edwards, Donald, musician
 * Edwards, John Cummins, (1804-1888), American politician & Missouri governor
 * Edwards, Julian, (died 1910), composer
 * Edwards, Ned, squash player
 * Edwards, Ralph, (born 1913), television host
 * Edwards, Ross, (born 1943), composer
 * Edwardson, John, airline manager
 * Eenpalu, Kaarel, Estonian politician
 * Eggelbrecht, Axel, (1899-1991), journalist
 * Egk, Werner, (1901-1983), composer
 * Ehlvest, Jüri, Estonian chess player
 * Ehmke, Horst, German SPD politician
 * Ehre, Ida, (1900-1989), actress
 * Ehrenburg, Ilya Gregoryevich, (1891-1947), novelist, war correspondent
 * Ehrenmark, Torsten, Swedish writer
 * Eibisch, Eugeniusz, Polish painter
 * Eichhorn, Hermann von, German soldier
 * Eirenicus, Theodore, patriarch of Constantinople
 * Ekelund, Vilhelm, Swedish writer
 * Eldridge, John S., American railroad manager
 * Eleutherius of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria
 * Elf, Mark, musician
 * Elgaard, Ray, Canadian athlete
 * Elgart, Bill, musician
 * Elgart, Les, (born 1918), musician, bandleader
 * Elizabeth, Countess of Sutherland, (fl. early 19th century), Scottish landlord
 * Elizabeth, Queen of Belgium, (died 1965)
 * Eller, Fran, (1873-1956), poet
 * Eller, Heino, Estonian composer
 * Ellert, Gundi, dramatist, author
 * Ellie, Edward S., American novelist
 * Ellington, Mercer, (1919-1996), American musician, composer
 * Elliott, Sam, (born 1944), actor
 * Ellis, Bret Easton, American author
 * Ellis, Jim, (died 2001), network designer
 * Ellis, Perry, (died 1986), fashion designer
 * Elsass, Peter, Danish anthropologist
 * Elsheimer, Adam, (1578-1610), painter
 * Elstner, Frank, (born 1942), television producer
 * Elts, Olari, Estonian conductor
 * Emerson, Kathy, historical novelist
 * Emery, Vic, Canadian bobsleigh racer
 * Eormenric, (534-564), King of Kent
 * Eppler, Erhard, German SPD politician
 * Ergma, Ene, Estonian astronomer and politician
 * Erickson, Cal, computer scientist
 * Erickson, Dennis, American football coach
 * Erkendfried, scholastic philosopher
 * Errázuriz, F., Chilean president
 * Errázuriz, Germán Riesco, Chilean president
 * Ertl, Josef, FDP politician
 * Escheté, Ron, musician
 * Escoude, Christian, musician
 * Eskenazi, Rosa, musician
 * Espriu, Salvador, writer
 * Essen, Hans Henrik von, Count, (1814-1816), Norwegian Prime Minister
 * Estes, Richard, (born 1936), painter
 * Etaix, Pierre, (born 1928), actor, film director and writer
 * Etcheverry, Sam, Canadian football player
 * Eubanks, Robin, American musician
 * Eugenius I, Patriarch, patriach of Constantinople
 * Eugenius II, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople
 * Eulogius I of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria
 * Eusebius (Maronite Patriarch)
 * Eustathius Garidas, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople
 * Eustatius of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria
 * Euthymius I, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople
 * Euthymius II, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople
 * Eutychius of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria
 * Euzois, patriarch of Constantinople
 * Evans, Abbie Huston, poet
 * Ever, Ita, Estonian actress
 * Everard of Ypres, scholastic philosopher
 * Everon, C. J., (born 1971), historian and novelist
 * Everswine, Richard, poet
 * Everts, Stefan, motorcross racer
 * Ewart, Galvin, poet
 * Eyck, Aldo van, (died 1999), architect
 * Eyre, Elizabeth, author

title: User:Jerzy/Red Links from LoPbN: E


text:
Harry Seeley

Harry Govier Seeley (18 February 1839 – 8 January 1909) was a British paleontologist.

Early life
Seeley was born in London on 18 February 1839, the second son of Richard Hovill Seeley, a goldsmith, and his second wife Mary Govier. When his father was declared bankrupt, Seeley was sent to live with a family of piano makers. Between the ages of eleven and fourteen, he went to a day school and then spent the next two years learning to make pianos. He also attended lectures at the Royal School of Mines by Thomas Henry Huxley, Edward Forbes, and other notable scientists. In 1855, with the support of his uncle, Seeley began to study law but shortly gave it up to pursue a career as an actuary. In the late 1850s, he studied English and mathematics at the Working Men's College and served as a secretary for the college's museum. He also worked in the library of the British Museum, where Samuel Pickworth Woodward encouraged him to study geology.

In 1859, Seeley began studies at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and worked as an assistant for Adam Sedgwick at the Woodwardian Museum. He helped curate the museum's fossil collection and began field studies on the local geology. Seeley graduated from Sidney Sussex College in 1863 and joined St John's in 1868 but never took a degree.

He turned down positions both with the British Museum and the Geological Survey of Britain to work on his own. Late in his career he accepted a position as Professor of Geology at King's College, Cambridge and Bedford College (London) (1876). He was later Lecturer on Geology and Physiology at Dulwich College and Professor of Geology and Mineralogy at King's College London (1896–1905).

He died in Kensington, London and was buried in Brookwood Cemetery. He had married in 1872 Eleanora Jane, daughter of William Mitchell of Bath. Their daughter Maude married Arthur Smith Woodward, FRS.

Dinosaurs
Seeley determined that dinosaurs fell into two great groups, the Saurischia and the Ornithischia, based on the nature of their pelvic bones and joints. He published his results in 1888, from a lecture he had delivered the previous year. Paleontologists of his time had been dividing the Dinosauria in various ways, depending on the structure of their feet and the form of their teeth. Seeley's division, however, has stood the test of time, though the birds have subsequently been found to descend, not from the "bird-hipped" Ornithischia, but from the "lizard-hipped" Saurischia. He found the two groups so distinct that he also argued for separate origins: not until the 1980s did new techniques of cladistic analysis show that both groups of dinosaurs really did have common ancestors in the Triassic. Seeley described and named numerous dinosaurs from their fossils in the course of his career.

His popular book on pterosaurs, Dragons of the Air (1901), found that the development of birds and pterosaurs paralleled each other. His belief that they had a common origin has been proved, for both are archosaurs, just not as close as he thought. He upset Richard Owen's characterization of the pterosaurs as cold-blooded, sluggish gliders, and recognized them as warm-blooded active fliers.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1879 for his work on reptiles and dinosaurs, and delivered their Croonian Lecture in 1887.

"... he will be best remembered, perhaps, for the wonderful collections he made in the Karoo Beds of South Africa and the resulting exhibition in the Natural History branch of the British Museum of the remarkable skeleton of Pareiasaurus and numerous other Anomodont reptiles ...." - see Alfred Brown

Publications

 * The Ornithosauria (1870)
 * Factors in Life: Three Lectures on Health, Food, Education (1884)
 * Manual of Geology: Theoretical and Practical (1885)
 * The Freshwater Fishes Of Europe: A History Of Their Genera, Species, Structure, Habits And Distribution (1886)
 * The Story of the Earth in Past Ages (1895)
 * Dragons of the air : an account of extinct flying reptiles (1901)

title: Harry Seeley


text: User talk:70.64.132.57

title: User talk:70.64.132.57


text:
Talk:Stenka Razin

Song lyrics
Um... I don't see the "Stenka Razin song" as being very relevant to the article itself... It is not a song that is extraordinarily popular or well-known in Russia.
 * how can you possibly speak for the whole Russia, past and present? mikka (t) 20:07, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Something is seriously wrong with the translation of the stenka razin song.
 * So, you have never seen any tranlsations of verse? They are always inexact. YOu have to match the rhythm and rhyme. The meaning is preserved only vaguely. mikka (t) 00:54, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

Stenka Razin always been (and still is) one of the most well known and popular songs in Russia. Fisenko 03:44, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

Yes..I'm not undervaluating your work, I'm just saying you made a few mistakes. The order of the verses is mixed: translation of the 3rd russian verse cannot be found. The 4th russian verse is consistent with the 3rd english, the 5th russian with 4th english (and so on) and the 10th english verse is not consistent with any of the russian verses. So the biggest problem I see are the 3rd russian and the 10th english verse being an orphans.

The next inconsistency is as follows. On the bottom of the page, this text is written: "It is one of the few Russian folk songs still remembered, and popular as a drinking song, the culmination being, of course:

And he hurls her overboard Right into the surging wave... "

This exact phrase cannot be found in the translation. I know, the meaning is the same, only written with different words (And has cast her where the waters/Of the Volga roll and sigh), but anyway..lack of consistency is preventing this article from being great. Leonr 16:16, 27 November 2005 (UTC+1)

Yes the song is messed up. Let us hope that is can be properly sequenced.

 * I fixed up the sequencing, and took out a verse which wasn't in the version I learned or ever heard (I tried to preserve it to put here on the talk page, but something ate it meanwhile. Oh well, it's in the history.)  Is this version known to be the original as written, because there are quite a few minor differences to the way I learned it, e.g. "Sten'ki Razina chelny' rather than "ostrogrudnye chelny"  (for some reason I can't type in Cyrillic right now).

 * I also agree that the so-called 'English version' leaves something to be desired. I've never really seen the point of trying to rewrite songs rather than translate them carefully. Most people are either not going to sing it at all, or they'll sing the original even if they don't speak the language.  But if they read the English, presumably it's so they can find out what the song actually says! Katzenjammer 23:22, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

I wrote the french article for Stenka Razine, which is (i think) more complete. Do you want that I translate it?

Shouldn't the song have a separate page? (Msrasnw (talk) 22:45, 13 May 2008 (UTC))

 * "To his piercing jet black eyes" - I don't believe I see any black eyes mentioned in the Russian original. --194.72.81.141 (talk) 10:02, 6 October 2008 (UTC)
 * @Msrasnw: Yes, the song probably should have a separate page. At the moment, it doesn't even rate a heading, the word "song" appears abruptly without any introduction. I will put a heading in for "Stenka Razin Song" as the minimum we can do to correct this. Brymor (talk) 19:05, 26 April 2022 (UTC)

"not a song that is extraordinarily popular or well-known in Russia"? Mikkalai, you must be joking. It is in tons of folk music compilations and many films. It's very well known. Or at least was until recently (I can't speak for the present situation as I don't live there).

In reply to all the complaints about the "artistic license" of the English translation, perhaps it would make sense to also add a completely literal, non-rhyming English translation or each line? Esn (talk) 02:25, 5 December 2008 (UTC)

I sang the English version of this song at my primary school in the seventies. I found this article by typing in the first stanza, the only one I could remember in full. So, at least for me, the song (and I suppose its translation too) was important. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.222.184.132 (talk) 09:09, 14 February 2011 (UTC)

I would like to know if there is a scientific reference to the song's origin, where it stems from etc. The German robber song parody "Butter Räuber von Halberstadt" is sung to the same melody and you find it e.g. in a 1863 collection. The moritat genre is quite generic. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Arebenti (talk • contribs) 21:18, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

The transcription/transliteration of the Russian is the weirdest thing I've ever seen. What on earth are ą, ę, ě, ǒ (among others)? They certainly don't correspond meaningfully to elements of the Russian phonological system. C0pernicus (talk) 10:20, 8 August 2022 (UTC)

Flowery language
Some of the passages here seem a bit flowery. Now, personally, I don't mind that, and I'm not a fan of the seeming tendency to declare anything that is not bland and matter-of-fact as "unencyclopaedic". However, there is one line that goes too far, to the point of being difficult to parse: "Stenka Razin, as he was generally called, had now become a potentate with whom princes did not disdain to treat". I presume that what the double negatives and old-fashioned language are saying is simply "... he had become powerful and influential enough that princes were prepared to negotiate with him", but it took a couple of re-readings to get that, so it should probably be rewritten. Wardog (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 14:09, 17 August 2011 (UTC).

Why Styenka (Stenka)
Styenka (Stenka) in Russian means wall. It's symbolic. Something on the lines of "Stonewall" Jackson. A reference to this in the main body might be relevant. — Preceding unsigned comment added by SBader (talk • contribs) 04:05, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

 * I think you're confusing Стенька with стенка. The second one is the diminutive of wall, the first is the diminutive of the name Степан (Stepan). C0pernicus (talk) 10:24, 8 August 2022 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Razin (disambiguation) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 22:50, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

Ship and princess
In the section In Russian language culture and folklore, the text reads "The song recounts that Razin aboard the ship tames the princess". This is the first time that either a ship or a princess is mentioned in the article, and the terms are not further explained later. As it stands, the paragraph is very unclear, and does not appear to relate to anything else in the article. Could someone expand this, and explain which princess was thrown off of which ship? RolandR (talk) 15:15, 8 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I tried to fix this point: --Nicoljaus (talk) 15:28, 28 October 2020 (UTC)

Bad recording?
The recording seems to have two different tunes and two singers overlaid on the same track. I found the same thing when playing the file on Wikimedia. Something strange is happening; it's as if The two tunes play together but one can be stopped before the other. The technical stuff is beyond me so all I can do is point out the problem.

Incidentally, the tune Stenka Razin is the basis for the Seekers song "the carnival is over" written by Tom Springfield. This fact is a stretch for an article about the person Stenka Razin, but might be worth mentioning in a note. Humphrey Tribble (talk) 06:28, 5 March 2022 (UTC)

 * The song plays fine for me on my Windows 10 PC.I have tried both Firefox and Chrome broiwsers. Brymor (talk) 09:41, 27 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Also it is interesting that the music quoted shows the last two lines of the verse repeating, whereas Chaliapin does not do this, he just moves on to the next verse every 8 bars. And he doesn't sing the last verse in the text (repeat of first verse) - he ends with the poor woman's soul. Brymor (talk) 16:46, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stenka Razin


text:
Adriana Molinari

Adriana Molinari (born 26 November 1967), known professionally as Alex Taylor, is a former beauty pageant winner, model, exotic dancer, and pornographic actress who mainly worked for Vivid Entertainment from around 1998 to 2000.

Early life
She moved to Hampton, New Hampshire from South America with her parents when she was in seventh grade. She was a bathing suit model for a time as a teenager. She is a graduate of Winnacunnet High School.

Career
Molinari was named Miss Hampton Beach, New Hampshire in 1984 and Miss New Hampshire USA in 1991. She started stripping in 1990 in Massachusetts and failed to place in the 1991 Miss USA pageant. In the Spring of 1991, Miss USA pageant officials stripped her of her crown when a national supermarket tabloid publicly revealed that she had been moonlighting as an exotic dancer.

She was a Penthouse Pet in August 1994 under the stage name Alex Taylor and appeared in that adult magazine over thirty times. She has also appeared on the TV shows A Current Affair,    Hard Copy, Inside Edition, and Entertainment Tonight.

Personal life
As of 2008, Molinari had retired from the adult industry and was residing in Orlando, Florida.

title: Adriana Molinari


text:
Eiji Sawamura

Eiji Sawamura (沢村 栄治; February 1, 1917 – December 2, 1944) was a Japanese professional baseball player. A right-handed pitcher, he played in Japan for the Yomiuri Giants.

Early life
On November 20, 1934, the 17-year-old Sawamura faced a team of visiting all-star players from Major League Baseball, including Babe Ruth, Jimmie Foxx, Lou Gehrig, and Charlie Gehringer. Entering the game in the fourth inning, the high school pitcher struck out nine batters and held the Americans to a single run over five innings pitched; a home run by Gehrig in the seventh saddled Sawamura with the loss. However, he did manage to strike out Gehringer, Ruth, Gehrig, and Foxx in succession. Connie Mack, who was managing the American team, was so impressed by Sawamura's performance that he tried to sign him to a Major League contract; Sawamura refused to go, citing a reluctance to leave home.

Professional career
The national attention of the 1934 exhibition game led to the formation of the Japanese Baseball League in 1936. Sawamura joined the Yomiuri Giants, which played in Tokyo and was owned by the Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper. He became one of their aces. He pitched the first no-hitter in Japanese pro baseball, on September 25, 1936, and added two others (May 1, 1937 and July 6, 1940). In 1937, he went 33–10 with a 1.38 earned run average and was the named the league's Most Valuable Player. From 1937 to 1943, Sawamura accumulated 105 games pitched, a career record of 63-22, 554 strikeouts and a 1.74 ERA.

Personal life
Sawamura was drafted into the imperial Japanese army in 1939. He would be released from duties during baseball seasons, including after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941. He pitched in the 1942 and 1943 seasons, but not the truncated 1944 season (No pro games were played in 1945).

Sawamura was among soldiers of the 29th Infantry Division boarded on the troop ship SS Hawaii Maru in early December 1944, bound for Borneo via Japanese-occupied Manila in the Philippines. At 0400 in the morning of Dec. 2, 1944, the ship was torpedoed and sunk by USS Sea Devil (SS-400)  off Yakushima, an island south of Kyushu. More than 300 soldiers and sailors were killed.

Sawamura was inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 1959. The Sawamura Award (Japan's equivalent to MLB's Cy Young Award), which is given to the best pitchers in the League since 1947, is named in his honor.

title: Eiji Sawamura


text:
Gudermes

Gudermes (Гудерме́с; Гуьмсе, Gümse or Гутӏермаӏас, Guthermajas) is a town in the Chechen Republic, Russia, located on the Sunzha River 36 km east of Grozny, the republic's capital. Population:    32,000 (1970).

History
Gudermes had rural locality status until 1941. Later, it became a railroad junction between Rostov-on-Don, Baku, Astrakhan, and Mozdok.

Climate
Gudermes has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfa) closely bordering a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa). Gudermes is one of the warmest places in Russia and has recorded one of Russia's highest temperatures, recording temperatures as high as 44.0 C in July 1999.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Gudermes serves as the administrative center of Gudermessky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of republic significance of Gudermes—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of republic significance of Gudermes is incorporated within Gudermessky Municipal District as Gudermesskoye Urban Settlement.

Economy
Gudermes is home to petroleum extraction industries.

title: Gudermes


text:
Talk:Death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau

Contradictory
Canadians knew Trudeau had been ill for a while and the words, "Trudeau is dead," had been expected for weeks.

The news shocked millions of Canadians

I seem to recall the latter being true but doesn't make it verifiable :-) Double Blue  (Talk) 23:23, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I got that quote from Peter Mansbridge, chief correspondent at the CBC. You might want to get the video, "Pierre Elliott Trudeau, 1919-2000," because it gives you coverage of the passing and state funeral of the former prime minister. SNIyer12(talk) 19:09, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The second quote or the first? As it stands now, only the first remains in the article, but as I stated, the second was how I recollected it but have no sources for either statement. Cheers, Double Blue  (Talk) 21:40, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm talking about the second. -- SNIyer12(talk) 23:22, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You guys are doing great work improving this article. I see that SNIyer12 has a source for the statement that the death of Trudeau was a shock to millions and it is back in the article but now it is contradictory again to the statement above it that Canadians knew Trudeau had been ill for a while and the words, "Trudeau is dead," had been expected for weeks. How can that be fixed up? Is there a source for the belief that many or some (perhaps) Canadians expected his death? Or should that sentence be removed completely? Double Blue  (Talk) 01:20, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The statement about Canadians knew that Trudeau had been ill for a while and the words, "Trudeau is dead," had been expected for weeks comes from CBC Online coverage -- SNIyer12 19:28, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I read this differently. It is Peter Mansbridge's personal reflections of the reactions of those in the newsroom that day.

They were three words we had been expecting for a couple of weeks, but when I heard them I was still shocked.

We had known he had been ill for some time, but only after his death was it made official that he'd been suffering from prostate cancer and Parkinson's disease.
 * I don't see it as Canadians expected it for weeks. Double Blue  (Talk) 22:05, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Removing the other events section
It is not necessary to tell people what other events were happening that day. This is not a narrative. It is not a news report. It is an article on Pierre Trudeau's death and what else happened that day has absolutely no bearing on him or his death. The only point to including that information is to "give the story context" but this isn't a "story". It's an encyclopedia article. Major difference. --Woohookitty 21:20, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Trivia
To me, much of this article reads like a collection of trivia rather than an encyclopedia article. Am I the only one who thinks so? HistoryBA 23:12, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

It certianly was when I first came across it. It's really come a long way from the sentimentality that existed in its early stages. I think a lot of the trivia has been taken out. Some things do give it context, but I think this is supposed to be a disinterested account of of the death and funeral of Trudeau. It finally looks, for the most part, that way. Good work to those who have brought it from the cliche filled and sentimental article it started as. Benw 06:48, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Reverting
SNIyer12, you are slowly trying to revert the changes I made. Please stop. I am watching this and the Reagan article like a hawk. There is no reason to link things more than one time in back to back paragraphs. Ever. It's unnecessary. --Woohookitty 20:32, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Unnecessary and contrary to Wikipedia guidelines. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes HistoryBA 21:13, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Picture of Justin Trudeau
Is it appropriate to have a picture of Justin Trudeau breaking down on the page? Hallpriest9 (Talk|Archive) 16:59, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Necessary?
Maybe it's because I am not a Canadian, but I simply do not understand why someone's death deserves a separate page from their life. Why can't this be merged with the Pierre Trudeau article?Illinois2011 07:01, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
 * It is not unusual to have a separate article for the death and funeral of a notable person. Wikipedia has many examples of this.  When a notable person dies, the public reaction tells volumes about how they view the legacy of the deceased.  (A very dramatic example of this was the unexpected outpouring of grief over the death of Princess Diana in 1997. Contrast this with the very muted response by the Egyptian public to Anwar Sadat's death in 1981.)  Mr. Trudeau's funeral is seen as a significant event in Canada for a long-serving (15 years) prime minister.  Of course, if the article is "merged", others will complain that the Trudeau article is too long and should be returned to separate articles!  If there is no burning desire and consensus to merge the articles, then I think they should stay as is.Que-Can 14:35, 12 July 2007 (UTC)
 * It is apparently senseless to consider merging this content into Pierre Trudeau. Both articles are very long, and full of notable content. Additionally, as noted above, it is not unusual to have a standalone article for the death and funeral of a noted politician, and Trudeau is probably the most recognizable politician in Canadian history, and one of the very few (maybe even the only one) to have gained some popularity outside of his country. --Angelo 20:33, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:FamilyofPierreTrudeauAfterStateFuneral.jpg
Image:FamilyofPierreTrudeauAfterStateFuneral.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:40, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:JustinTrudeauTears.jpg
Image:JustinTrudeauTears.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 16:49, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

image PayingRespectsToTrudeau.jpg
I think this image is too small, should be moved to the upper right hand side of the article. I'm sure we can find a better image. NorthernThunder (talk) 01:08, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Death and state funeral of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 00:50, 25 September 2022 (UTC)


text:
Hinduism in Saudi Arabia

Hinduism is the 3rd largest religion in Saudi Arabia, followed by nearly 1.3% of total population residing in the nation. As of 2020, there were nearly 708,000 Hindus residing in Saudi Arabia, among whom most of them were Indians and Nepalis. There has been a large migration of Indians to Saudi Arabia, with the number of Hindus also witnessing a growth.

Background
Saudi Arabia is an Islamic theocracy. Sunni Islam is the state religion and the public practice of any religion other than Islam is not allowed. All of the Hindus living in the nation are foreign-based expatriates and tourists on working and tourist permits.

Most Indians in the earlier waves of emigration to Saudi Arabia were Muslim, but after 2001 the share of Indian Hindus has increased, as has the number of Hindus from the Nepali diaspora, and Hinduism is now the fastest growing religion in Saudi Arabia due to migration of Hindus and increase in their fertility rate. Though having an adequate population of Hindus, there is no Hindu temple or any other place of worship for non-Muslims and the freedom of religion of non-Muslims is very much limited.

Limitations
Like other non-Muslim religions, Hindus are not permitted to die publicly in Saudi Arabia. There have also been some complaints of destruction of Hindu religious items by Saudi Arabian authorities. Saudi authorities interpret Hindu icons as idols, and idol worship is strongly condemned in Islam. This is likely the foundation for the stringent position of Saudi authorities when it comes to idol worshiper religious practice.

Any conversion away from Islam is known as apostasy and it invites capital punishment. Proselytizing by non-Muslims, including the distribution of non-Muslim religious materials such as Bhagavad Gita, and Ahmedi Books are illegal.

title: Hinduism in Saudi Arabia


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sev'rance Tann

This article's title has the wrong spelling.
 * Comment Why not simply move it, then?  And, what is the correct spelling?  Sev'Rance Tann?  Alai 20:29, 29 May 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:24.27.5.160

title: User talk:24.27.5.160


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Hinduism in Yemen

Hinduism was introduced to Yemen by immigrant Indian and Nepalese workers. Hinduism in Yemen largely goes under the radar, and is only practiced by small congregations scattered around the country. An estimated 150,000 Hindus resided in Yemen in 2010. That number increased to 202,700 (or 0.7% of the population) in 2020.

Temples
The famous Hindu temples in Yemen include the Shri Tarichmerga Temple that was built in 1862. Shri Ram Ji Temple built in 1875 and the Hanuman Temple built in 1882, according to an IANS report in 2013. The Indian Association in Aden manages the Mataji Temple and regular services are held once a month. There is also a separate crematorium in Aden for the members of the Hindu faith.

Demographics
The Pew Research data reports that the Hindu population is expected to increase from 0.7% in 2020 to 0.8% by 2050.

title: Hinduism in Yemen


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User:Ems57fcva/sandbox/time dilation

All observers can use this technique to set up their own temproal coordinate system. Note that in relativity for these temporal coordinate systems will not match up (unless the observers are at rest). For example, look at the case of a series of timing signals being sent out by on observer who is moving with respect to the original observer as seen by the original observer. The original observer will see a light signal emitted at time t3 arrive at time t4 and return to the moving observer at time t5. However, since the second observer was moving, the interval t4 - t3 will not be the same as the interval t5 - t4 for this original observer. However, the second observer will be assigning his own temporal coordinates to these events (T3, T4, and T5), and for him (since the speed of light is also c for him under the second postulate of special relativity) T4 - T3 = T5 - T4.

If the moving observer emitted a signal at T4, he would consider the emission of this signal to be simultaneous with the original observer's clock reading t4. However, since the original observer would see that event as being at (t3 + t5)/2, and of the above mentioend difference in the out-and-back times for the signals of the moving observer with respect to the original observer, the original obserer would not perceive this emission of this additional signal to be simultaneous with t4. This effect is called the relativity of simultaneity.

title: User:Ems57fcva/sandbox/time dilation


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User:LatinoMuslim/Projects

founders of orgs/movements

title: User:LatinoMuslim/Projects