text:
Talk:Mr. Darcy

In Universe Tag
I have removed it, since the body of the article makes it clear he is a fictional character. The stat-box on the right might be confusing, but I think the article is clear enough. 128.97.149.133 20:53, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

Rename article
Shouldn't this article be renamed to Fitzwilliam Darcy? That is the name given in the book. Lady Aleena 21:20, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

As it has been over a month with no objections, I am renaming the article to the full name of the character. —Lady Aleena talk / contribs 19:48, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Make sure you have a redirect...plange 19:52, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I will be most cautious. :) - LA @ 20:15, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

POV
It isn't NPOV to say "Often the very fact that a man belongs to the upper classes can make him fall short of these moral standards - as is the case for Henry Crawford in Mansfield Park, life in the upper classes tends to corrupt morals and social sensitivity. Mr. Darcy has a strong moral fibre and a natural if occasionally somewhat embarrassed kindness." Someone needs to reverse that. MorwenofLossarnarch 20:19, 28 May 2006 (UTC) WIKIFY WIKIFY!!!

Oddities

 * *Both Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth were, according to Philip Jose Farmer, recipients of the radiation that resulted from the meteorite that struck Wold Newton in Yorkshire in the 1790s. This allowed them to be the ancestors of many more famous literary characters, with genetic links to the likes of Sherlock Holmes and Tarzan.

I thought this was vandalism but then looked into it and found this which describes some of the author's work. However I don't think the text added to the Darcy article explains what this reference is well enough for a reader to understand. MKV 17:59, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Images
I reverted back to a the page which shows a few actors who have portrayed Darcy as he is a literary character first - to preference one image in the infobox would violate Neutral point of view. -Classicfilms 14:50, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Shouldn't we rename the article "Mr. Darcy"?
"Mr. Darcy" is the common name, without question. Ichormosquito 04:00, 12 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Mister D'Arcy

Good Faith Contribution of 08 February 2008
This good faith contribution has numerous spelling, syntax, grammar errors; however the critical problems are: 1. The writing is not NPOV. In fact the tone is very personal, as (cont. in "'discussion') of a writer who is enamoured of the person known as Mr. FitzWilliam Darcy.

2. Moreover, the entire piece is essentially redundant of the current revision in place just above it, which takes away from the spirit of trying to achieve 'summary' within the article.

3. Sadly, however, the far more serious errors by this good faith writer is the adapting of Jane Austen's story and words to fit his/her point of view, to wit: JA provides no words in the novel that indicate Darcy to be shy in general society --the word is used only in connection with his second --very careful-- courtship of Elizabeth; at no point in the novel does JA have Mr. Darcy say he is "deeply in love with her" to Elizabeth --as twice said in the editor's piece;  Mr. Darcy's famous letter emphatically does not provide Lizzy with " a heartfelt ... explaining (of) his true feelings about her"  --indeed, one can easily recall one the most cold and bittersweet of opening lines in the enduring wars between the sexes, "Be not alarmed, Madam, on receiving this letter by the apprehension of its containing any repetion of those sentiments ..." (Chap. 35);  contrary to the editor's piece, JA's word do not provide that "(t)he two continue to see each other"  --in fact, the opposite is true;  finally, at the Meryton assembly dance, JA's words make it clear that Mr. Darcy did indeed keep "to himself" and that he did indeed think of himself as "too good for them" (i.e., the country folk around him), and that he felt himself "to be above his company, and above being pleased.". JA makes its clear that Mr. Darcy's performance was not because he was "just afraid to meet new people".

I am grateful that another person wants to support/participate in Wikipedia. Welcome --more than may appear at the moment! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jbeans (talk • contribs) 09:13, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

However, but: Reverting good faith edit of 23:41, 1 March 2008
Reverted this change because it greatly complicates the readibility of this already overlong sentence:

(1) The unrevised main clause reads, "However, Darcy --...--  eventually becomes attracted to Elizabeth, ..."

--would be revised to: "However, Darcy --... but eventually becomes attracted to Elizabeth, ...--"

The oppositional conjuction but is redundant to the adverb however, which opens the main clause by implying the oppositional development to come --in the main clause only.

(2) Worse, the conjunction but incorrectly conjoins the main clause to the subordinate clause, which instead should be set off parenthetically for sake of clarity; it does not have an oppositional conjunctive relationship to the main clause.--Jbeans (talk) 05:29, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Mr. Darcy the character, not Colin Firth the actor
Much as I love Colin Firth's portrayal, this section:

"Colin Firth's Mr.Darcy in the BBC adaptation has been called the “definitive” Darcy,[4] and his "pond scene" made it into Channel 4's Top 100 TV Moments.[5] Colin Firth has found it hard to shake off the Darcy image,[6] and he thought that playing Bridget Jones’s Mark Darcy, a character inspired by the other Darcy, would ridicule and liberate himself once and for all from the character.[7] Colin Firth has also played the role of a "Mr Darcy" In the 2007 film St Trinnians."

belongs in the Firth article, not the Darcy article.

Certainly, a discussion of the relative merits of various performances might be relevant, but how the role affected a particular actor would more appropriately stay with the actor's article. Lmonteros (talk) 06:14, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree that the article should avoid putting too much emphasis on any particular actor's portrayal of the character. Austen's Darcy is a standout. So far none of the Hollywood portrayals have depicted him in all his brilliancy as the author painted him. --Ashley Rovira (talk) 15:31, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Too much Colin Firth in this Section. This is Fitzwilliam Darcy NOT Colin Firth. Took the liberty of deleting most of the bias found. You want to have your intellectual debate over who is the best Darcy? Go to a message board. This is an ENCYCLOPEDIA. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.233.124.3 (talk) 19:09, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Deleting content just like that is not very constructive. Its not a debate of who's the better Darcy, those are quotes. If you want more opinions on the OTHER Darcy's why don't you look for them and add them? then the article won't be so biased. I would do it but I don't know a thing about the other Pride and Prejudices.--Yamanbaiia(TALK!) 09:12, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

 * I believe it's not just an issue of neutrality in the "Noted Portrayals of Mr. Darcy" but relevance as well. It should just be a simple list of the actors portraying the fictional character. "The 1995 BBC serial and the 2005 feature film received much critical attention. After the success of the BBC serial, one of the co-producers of the feature film claimed that the casting of Darcy had proven difficult because of the character's iconic status and because 'Colin Firth cast a very long shadow'.[3] The critical reception of Macfadyen's Darcy in the 2005 film ranged from praise to pleasant surprise and dislike.[4][5] Among the critics who did not observe any significant impact of Macfadyen's Darcy were Chris Hastings of The Daily Telegraph, who claimed in 2005 that 'Colin Firth was born to play Mr Darcy';[4] Garth Pearce of The Sunday Times, who noted in 2007 that 'Colin Firth will forever be remembered as the perfect Mr Darcy',[6] and Gene Seymour, who stated in a 2008 Newsday article that Firth was ''universally acknowledged' as the definitive Mr Darcy'.[7]" I agree such information should be in the individual miniseries/film page or the actors' page but most certainly not in the Darcy page. As interesting as it may be "who played the better Darcy" its as relevant as estimating Darcy's fortune in modern day. I think it's about time we ask anyone considering editing the Fitzwilliam Darcy page to take the time to read Don't be a fanatic and Edit warring so that we can avoid deleting, reverting, deleting, reverting and all the changes that can damage the integrity and clarity of the article. If no one has any objections on the deletion of the irrelevant and biased paragraph, I already did so. ImperialJaineite (talk) 07:44, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

His lineage
His mother, accurately noted on the article as Lady Anne Darcy, was born Lady Anne Fitzwilliam, daughter of the Earl Fitzwilliam, and sister of Lady Catherine, who married Sir Louis de Burgh of Rosings. I've always presumed that Sir Louis was a baronet, but Jane Austen never specifies whether or not he was a baronet or just a knight. In any case, another presumption is that Mr Fitzwilliam, Darcy's cousin, is a younger son of their aunt Lady Catherine's brother, the inheritor of the earldom, as Austen only specifies that he was "younger son an earl" or something to that effect. I believe somewhere in the book, the forename of Darcy's father is alluded to, in the part when Elizabeth is observing the portraits in Pemberly, and I am not certain, but think the forename was George, which makes sense, as he named his daughter Georgiana. But again, I am not certain I remember accurately about that. --Ashley Rovira (talk) 15:27, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

When she rejects his proposal, Darcy..
The existing wording and punctuation convey the flow-of-thoughts 'nicely' —i.e., there are two separate thoughts, with the second following very closely onto the first; hence using the semicolon in lieu of the traditional period. Agglomerating all into one sentence defeats the 'separateness'-with-balance carried by the existing punctuation.--Jbeans (talk) 07:47, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

Noted Portrayals of Mr. Darcy
The section should be renamed "Depictions in Film andTelevision." "Noted Portrayals of Mr. Darcy" is ambiguous. 'Portrayals' could also mean theater, radio, etc. The category only has film and television, so it would be more accurate. I also think it would be a good idea to make the section a chart. Something like: Year, Actor, Role, Production, Notes (Notes would be for awards and the like). It would eliminate the redundancy of "(Actor) portrayed Fitzwilliam Darcy in the (Year)(Film/Television)(Production)" and would make the section cleaner and easier to read. Shouldn't Film and Television be separated as well? The articles for living nonfictional people generally have film and television separated. Would it be all right for the Darcy article to have them separate as well (even though he is a fictional character)? The section has been changed into a table format with film and television separated. Some other adaptations were added as well as references in other works. ImperialJaineite (talk) 07:42, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

I added Template:Pride and Prejudice, but since the Template:Jane Austen is already in place, the section looks too crowded. Should we remove the P&P template, the JA template or keep both? Please discuss.ImperialJaineite (talk) 02:15, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

Pride and Prejudice Template?
I added Template:Pride and Prejudice, but since the Template:Jane Austen is already in place, the section looks too crowded. Should we remove the P&P template, the JA template or keep both? Please discuss.ImperialJaineite (talk) 02:16, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

Why did Mr. Darcy change?
In the article, Darcy is said to have tempered his pride because "...he reconsiders all; and then commits to go out of his way to demonstrate his respect and devotion for her." I don't believe this to be his motivation at all. I think Austen is quite clear that he tempered his pride and improved his manners simply because he believed that Elizabeth was right about him. He said he "was given good principles, but left to follow them in pride and conceit." He never sought her out after his proposal, nor did he tell Mr. Bingley that he was mistaken about Jane Bennet's feelings and work to effect a reconciliation between that couple, which could certainly have afforded access to Elizabeth. I see no evidence that he ever expected or even wanted to see her again, let alone demonstrate his devotion to her.

It seems like a small issue, but I think it's fundamental to the novel's message. Neither Elizabeth nor Mr. Darcy improved their flawed characters as a means to a happy, romantic ending; they improved their characters because they saw a part of themselves clearly for the first time, and found themselves wanting.ThreeDimen (talk) 00:40, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

Periods after personal titles: be consistent
This article contains a mix of personal titles with periods, as in “Mr. Darcy”, and without, as in “Mr Darcy”. We should pick one style and use it across all the Pride and Prejudice-related articles. I tend towards using the period, as American English always uses it and British English sometimes does. Thoughts? MacMog (talk) 23:07, 22 April 2012 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Mr. Darcy


text: User talk:81.187.186.2

title: User talk:81.187.186.2


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Honesty Johnson

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 10:14, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

Honesty Johnson
Unverified. ~50 Google hits, and they don't seem to be related. --Xcali 14:48, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as unverifiable. --Scimitar 15:52, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: In 1973? They had better mean 1673, and even then this looks like hogwash.  Secret history so secret as to be entirely unverifiable.  Looks like private mythology. Geogre 18:06, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverified. --Etacar11 23:11, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 23:48, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: User talk:195.178.62.115

title: User talk:195.178.62.115


text: User talk:198.146.139.138

title: User talk:198.146.139.138


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User:Guy M/Email replies

To: guy@gmn... User:Guy M From: "lucas@fin..."  Subject: Inclusion to Wikipedia Date: Wed, June 15, 2005 7:31

Hi Guy,

Thanks for the email and I'm happy Fine By Me has been added to Wikipedia. The correct style is Fine By Me (first letters all capitalized). I will take a look at the link today and edit the entry as you suggested. Thanks again for getting in touch!

Lucas Schaefer Fine By Me Inc.
 * … G u y M … (soapbox) 14:49, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Guy M/Email replies


text:
Heart of Glass

Heart of Glass may refer to:

 * Heart of Glass (film), a 1976 film directed by Werner Herzog
 * "Heart of Glass" (song), a 1978 song by Blondie
 * "Heart of Glass", a song by Celine Dion from Courage
 * Heart of Glass (novel), a 2007 novel in the A-List series by Zoey Dean
 * "Heart of Glass" (CSI: NY), a television episode

title: Heart of Glass


text:
Talk:Ahn Chang Ho

Place of Death
He did not die at Kyungsung University. He died in Keijō Imperial University (in Korean pronounced Kyŏngsŏng Imperial University) which is now Seoul National University. Both the Japanese and Korean versions of this article have it right. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Konamaiki (talk • contribs) 01:19, 4 July 2015 (UTC)

Controversy?
I have moved the following out of the article and into this discussion page.
 * "==Dosan controversy=="
 * "Unfortunately, the Dosan statue is involved in controversy because the main organizier Mike Hong or Hong Myung Ki is the son of Hong Chan who is listed in the Wikipedia section on pro-Japanese Collaborators in Korea. Hong Chan became one of the richest men in Korea through his work for the Japanese. While Dosan was in jail Mike Hong's father was making money showing pro-Japanese propoganda films in his movie theaters in Korea during the Japanese Occupation. It appears Mike Hong used Dosan when he intitated the Dosan Memorail Foundation of Riverside to hide his family history. Hong Chan was also a close commrade of Korean dictator Syngman Rhee. After 1945, Rhee's political thugs assisted Hong Chan in creating Anyang Films. Rhee hated Dosan and was responsible for his arrest in 1932 and also had an influence in Dosan not being released from prison in 1937 which lead to Dosan's death. Hong's involvment with Dosan and the manipulation of Dosan's legacy by Hong's brother-in-law John Suh or Suh Jong Il have been detrimental to the truth about Dosan."
 * The above material is unreferenced and unverified. The above was not my contribution, but rather than deleting it outright, I leave it to fellow editors to confirm or reject.--S. Rich 06:13, 2 August 2010 (UTC)
 * A lot of this has been stated by surviving family members of Ahn, particularly his grandson, Flip (son of Susan Ahn-Cuddy).

174.135.5.216 (talk) 06:02, 22 November 2015 (UTC)A. Bond 21 Nov. 2015

Ahn Changho
Source:
 * , ,
 * .

But sometimes he lettered his surname An or Hen  (only once) instead of Ahn. Thanks. --Idh0854 (talk) 16:28, 17 March 2014 (UTC)

Submarine
Should there not be a mention of a South Korean submarine being named after him?

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.46.114.63 (talk) 17:57, 16 August 2021 (UTC)

First married Koreans in the US in 1902?
This is the source listed for that claim: https://web.archive.org/web/20030606041728/http://www.gkn-la.net/dosan_resources/dosan8.htm

I don't see where it says that.

Moreover, Korean immigrants had been coming since the 1880s:

The immigration of Koreans can be largely divided into three periods: the first wave from 1903 to 1949, the second wave from 1950 to 1964, and the contemporary period. Although a few students and politicians came to the United States around 1884 after the diplomatic relations between the United States and Korea were established, they were a small minority—Yu Kil Chun (1856-1914), the first Korean student in the United States, was one of the prominent immigrants during the 1880s. Beginning in 1884, American Presbyterian and Methodists missionaries successfully converted many Koreans to Christianity, and also provided avenues for the Koreans to immigrate to America—almost half of the first group of Korean immigrants were Christians.[1]

Source: https://sites.bu.edu/koreandiaspora/issues/history-of-korean-immigration-to-america-from-1903-to-present/

Which in turn points to this book as the source: for that site's claim: [1] Choy, Bong-Youn. Koreans in America. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1979.

I doubt that Koreans arrived unmarried for 20 years. I could see them being the first married Koreans at the start of the wave in the early 1900s, but that ignores the smaller groups of Koreans who had arrived earlier. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.57.96.113 (talk) 16:02, 2 March 2022 (UTC)

 * I just saw this; around a month after your comment I unknowingly added some more sources to that claim. Here's another one with the same claim.
 * https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/browse-by-topic/diversity/asian-americans-pacific-islanders-in-the-navy/susan-ahn-cuddy.html
 * I agree that the claim needs further research. While the Ahn couple does have very low passport numbers, maybe the previous emigrants didn't have passports or the passport numbers restarted at some point. toobigtokale (talk) 19:48, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

Date format
Hi,

While the majority of Korea-related articles use DMY date format, I recommend we use MDY for this one. Reasoning is because of MOS:DATETIES; Ahn is strongly tied to the US. toobigtokale (talk) 17:07, 1 June 2023 (UTC)

Article title
Current article title is "Ahn Changho", I suspect it should be "Ahn Chang Ho".

Remember that we determine article titles based on guidelines set out in WP:TITLE. Note that WP:COMMONNAME tends to be the most powerful rule. Also note that "official" spellings of his name may not be the best title for the article if reliable English language sources widely prefer another spelling.

Ngrams is showing that the most common spelling used is Ahn Chang Ho. This has the added bonus of aligning with several official spellings, including the Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Memorial Interchange. Also used by USC, the Korean Culture Center in NYC, the KNA Memorial Foundation, Heungsadan, and more. I'll go ahead and make the move, but please discuss if disagree. toobigtokale (talk) 02:43, 17 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ahn Chang Ho


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Environmental biotechnology

Environmental biotechnology is biotechnology that is applied to and used to study the natural environment. Environmental biotechnology could also imply that one try to harness biological process for commercial uses and exploitation. The International Society for Environmental Biotechnology defines environmental biotechnology as "the development, use and regulation of biological systems for remediation of contaminated environments (land, air, water), and for environment-friendly processes (green manufacturing technologies and sustainable development)".

Environmental biotechnology can simply be described as "the optimal use of nature, in the form of plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and algae, to produce renewable energy, food and nutrients in a synergistic integrated cycle of profit making processes where the waste of each process becomes the feedstock for another process".

Significance for agriculture, food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation and the MDGs
The IAASTD has called for the advancement of small-scale agro-ecological farming systems and technology in order to achieve food security, climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation and the realisation of the Millennium Development Goals. Environmental biotechnology has been shown to play a significant role in agroecology in the form of zero waste agriculture and most significantly through the operation of over 15 million biogas digesters worldwide.

Significance towards industrial biotechnology
Consider the effluents of starch plant which has mixed up with a local water body like a lake or pond. We find huge deposits of starch which are not so easily taken up for degradation by microorganisms except for a few exemptions. Microorganisms from the polluted site are scan for genomic changes that allow them to degrade/utilize the starch better than other microbes of the same genus. The modified genes are then identified. The resultant genes are cloned into industrially significant microorganisms and are used for economically processes like in pharmaceutical industry, fermentations... etc..

Similar situations can be encountered in the case of marine oil spills which require cleanup, where microbes isolated from oil rich environments like oil wells, oil transfer pipelines...etc. have been found having the potential to degrade oil or use it as an energy source. Thus they serve as a remedy to oil spills.

Microbes isolated from pesticide-contaminated soils may capable of utilizing the pesticides as energy source and hence when mixed along with bio-fertilizers, could serve as an insurance against increased pesticide-toxicity levels in agricultural platform.

On the other hand, these newly introduced microorganisms could create an imbalance in the environment concerned. The mutual harmony in which the organisms in that particular environment existed may have to face alteration and we should be extremely careful so as to not disturb the mutual relationships already existing in the environment of both the benefits and the disadvantages would pave way for an improvised version of environmental biotechnology.

Applications and Implications
Humans have long been manipulating genetic material through breeding and modern genetic modification for optimizing crop yield, etc.. There can also be unexpected, negative health and environmental outcomes. Environmental biotechnology is about the balance between the applications that provide for these and the implications of manipulating genetic material. Textbooks address both the applications and implications. Environmental engineering texts addressing sewage treatment and biological principles are often now considered to be environmental biotechnology texts. These generally address the applications of biotechnologies, whereas the implications of these technologies are less often addressed; usually in books concerned with potential impacts and even catastrophic events.

title: Environmental biotechnology


text:
Carcaixent

Carcaixent (, Spanish: Carcagente) is a town and municipality in the province of Valencia, eastern Spain, with c. 20,000 inhabitants. Its origins go back to prehistoric Iberian and Roman times, with some remainders in its area. It is located in the Ribera Alta comarca, 40 km south of the provincial capital Valencia. It is the birthplace of the orange growth and its flourishing commerce in the 19th and 20th centuries. Currently, its inhabitants live basically on agriculture and the service sector.

Carcaixent, in the heart of the Ribera Alta
Remains of Neolithic, Iberian and Roman settlements have been found in the area of Carcaixent, although the municipality actually originated from a Muslim farmhouse. King Philip II awarded Carcaixent the title of University in 1576. After upgrading it to Villa Real, the king issued Royal Privileges granting it the right to vote in the Courts of Valencia. Economy and population boomed in Carcaixent in the 18th century thanks to the sound production of silk, although crops were replaced by orange trees in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Carcaixent was awarded the title of city in 1916.

Main sights

 * Monastery of Aguas Vivas: The construction that has come until nowadays, answers to the buildings from 16th and 17th centuries, the cloister, the new church, the sacristy and the bell tower. The complete work reflects a solid construction in the center of which the empty space of the courtyard in which over the years, some remains have been annexed. The church of the convent, facing the south, was built in 1724.
 * Hermitage of Sant Roc de Ternils: Firstly, the chape was dedicated to St. Bartholomew, built during the reconquest following the guidelines to maximize the space for the congregation of the faithful people. It is a construction with a single nave, with a plane front, open chapels between the buttresses and diaphragmed arches which holds the double-sloped roof made of Areabic tile. Inside, the only existing decoration is composed by paints in the joists with geometric shapes and rhombus with red and yellow stripes.
 * Magatzem de Ribera: It is a big warehouse built in the early 20th century. It was conceived as an orange store. In 1989, the Town Hall acquired the building. These functional requirements needed premises which main feature was the necessity of space and the width without being necessary the complex structures for the installation of machinery or elements generating energy. Another of the characteristics is its location. The exact date of the building of the store is not known, but it should have been built between 1900 and 1910.
 * Hort de Soriano is one of the most emblematic spots on Carcaixent’s agricultural and traditional landscape. Established over one hundred years ago, it contributed to increasing the value of certain rain-fed farmlands, where wells were dug out to introduce orange farming. The site was purchased by Carcaixent Council in 1991 and declared a municipal natural site to ensure its protection and tourist promotion. Among the range of facilities and leisure activities available at Carcaixent’s Hort de Soriano, there is a caravan area, a leisure area and a picnic area, spreading out over 6.8 hectares, a play area, and sport area. There are several panels with information on four walking routes and a nature centre, with educational and environmental interpretation facilities.

Birthplace of the orange
The orange is the fruit made from Spain, through Valencia, and spreading throughout the rest of the world. In Greek mythology the Garden of the Hesperides is a mythological grove where apples grew tended to by nymphs and a dragon. Hercules, the hero of classical literature, killed the guardian, entered the garden and plucked those golden apples –In later years it was thought that the "golden apples" might have actually been oranges, a fruit unknown to Europe before the Middle Ages. Several scholars defend that the etymology of the word comes from the Sanskrit term narang and the Persian word narensh. When Arabs brought orange farming to the Iberian Peninsula, they called the fruits naranjah. The Region of Valencia maintained the orange-farming tradition after the Arabic period, with references to orange trees in the city of Valencia dating back to the 14th century. In fact, there is an Orange Courtyard inside Valencia’s 15th-century Silk Exchange market (La Llotja de la Seda), a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The first references to commercial orange plantations date back to the 18th century.

According to the historical records, in 1781 parish priest Vicente Monzó and two acquaintances, notary and scribe Carlo Maseres and pharmacist Jacinto Bodí, planted the first fields of orange trees in the municipal area of Carcaixent known as Les Basses del Rey. The trees thrived in the land, favoured by the benign Mediterranean climate, and adapted perfectly to Valencian soil both on rain-fed farmland and irrigated land fed by river Júcar, whose extensive irrigation channel distributed fertile water around the whole of the Ribera Alta. In the early 19th century, orange trees gradually started to replace other crops, such as rice, cereal and mulberries, taking over as the main local crop. Wholesale exports of oranges commenced in this century, fuelled by the arrival of the railway that connected Valencia, Xàtiva, Algemesí, La Pobla Llarga, Alzira and Carcaixent (1853). The rail line from Carcaixent to Gandía and Dénia that opened in 1864 continued to operate until the early 1970s. The Carcaixent-Dénia line was one of the oldest narrow rail tracks in mainland Spain.

Orange route
Carcaixent has developed the Orange route to introduce national and foreign visitors to this interesting and celebrated agricultural, commercial and cultural legacy. The project analyses the history of the fruit, providing information on its origins and on the municipality of Carcaixent’s standing as the birthplace of oranges. Visitors will also learn about parish priest Monzó’s pioneer action, and the different architectural styles used in the construction of orange warehouses from antiquity to present times. The itinerary analyses how oranges have been handled and marketed from the late 18th century to the present.

title: Carcaixent


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/TVP2P

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 10:15, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

TVP2P
<50 Google hits. Looks like a nelogism to me. --Xcali 14:51, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete for no content. It isn't even a sentence.  If it were a sentence, it'd be a dictdef of a neologism. Geogre 18:07, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/TVP2P


text:
Conneaut Lake Park

Conneaut Lake Park is a summer resort and event venue located in Conneaut Lake, Pennsylvania, United States. It has long served as a regional tourist destination, and was noted by roller coaster enthusiasts for its classic Blue Streak coaster, which was classified as "historic" by the American Coaster Enthusiasts group in 2010. Conneaut Lake is Pennsylvania's largest natural (glacier) lake, and is a popular summer destination for recreational boaters due to there being no horsepower limit on the lake.

Exposition Park
Conneaut Lake Park was founded in 1892 as Exposition Park by Col. Frank Mantor as a permanent fairground and exposition for livestock, machinery, and industrial products from Western Pennsylvania. Prior to this time, 7 acres of land on which the park is located were purchased in 1877 by Aaron Lynce for use as a boat landing. Col. Mantor's company, the Conneaut Lake Exposition Company, purchased an additional 175 acres of adjacent land, 75 of which were given to Mr. Lynce as payment for his parcel.

During its early years, buildings at Exposition Park included a dance hall, a convention hall (for lectures), and a bathhouse. Several of the structures from Lynce's landing were also retained, including a farmhouse on the property that was converted to a hotel. The park's first mechanical ride, a carousel, opened in 1899, and was soon joined by other rides and a midway.

Ownership of the park transferred to the Pittsburgh & Shenango Valley Railroad in 1901, during which time several hotels were built on the property. Originally accessible only by boat or train, trolley service was extended to the park in 1907. With its lakefront presence, hotels, and remote location, the park became a popular resort destination. Although many of the park's original buildings were lost in a fire in 1908, new concrete block replacements were constructed, including the Dreamland Ballroom.

Name change and growth
The park was renamed "Conneaut Lake Park" in 1920 to reflect a move toward more amusements and rides. Rides added over these years included a Tumble Bug, a bumper car ride, and a Figure Eight roller coaster (later renamed The Jack Rabbit). In 1938, the park's signature roller coaster, Blue Streak, was added.

In 1943, a large portion of a hotel on the properties, Hotel Conneaut, was destroyed in a fire. The ghost of Elizabeth, a bride who supposedly died in the fire, is said to now haunt the hotel.

Facing competition from corporate-owned theme parks, the park added a jungle cruise ride and other new attractions in the 1960s. As trolley service had been discontinued, the park's management began to focus on directing automobile traffic to the park. "Fairyland Forest," a walk-through attraction, was constructed across the highway from the park's main entrance. Using a combination of fairy tale characters and animals to help attract families and appeal to young children, many similar attractions existed across the country at that time. Although popular, the area eventually fell into neglect and closed in 1985. It was replaced with a camper lot called Camperland in 1986.

Ownership changes and decline
By the 1990s, a series of ownership changes had taken their toll on the park. A 1974 takeover of the park by Dr. John and Mary Flynn had saddled the park with $750,000 in debt, and expansion slowed. Charles Flynn, long-time associate of New York City mayor Ed Koch and son of Dr. Gene decided to leave politics and become actively involved in the family business. Initially, this change in management was able to invigorate the park. In the early 1980s, rides such as the Paratrooper and Yo-Yo were added. The waterfront was improved. Along the park's midway, a waterslide tower was added, which proved popular. Several other attractions, including a miniature golf course and a karaoke stage were added.

For most of its history, Conneaut Lake Park functioned as a real-life community within an amusement park, as local traffic and waterfront cottages were interspersed with the amusement rides. Park Avenue and Comstock Street, the park's main walking paths, were shared by both patrons and vehicles alike. In an effort to remain competitive, the decision was made to enclose the park for the 1990 season. For the first time in its history, admission would be charged. In a letter to customers explaining the changes, Flynn stated, "Traditional parks are dropping like flies and it's time we all realize that we have to take steps now and save our park before its too late to do anything about it."

The new gated park format, coupled with a rainy summer, led to a decline in attendance in the 1990 season. In an effort to raise capital, several rides were sold off. After another disastrous season in 1991, a decision was announced: the park, with the exception of the water park, would be leveled and a new family entertainment complex would be built on the property. The new family entertainment complex would focus on special events, concerts, group picnics, and non-ride activities, such as batting cages, mazes, and sports activities. The Blue Streak roller coaster, which required an estimated $100,000 in repairs, would be scrapped.

As some of the park's rides were auctioned off, a group of four local businessmen made an effort to purchase as many of them as possible. This group went on to purchase the park from the Flynn family in an attempt to preserve it as a traditional amusement park. Although nearly $1 million was spent in upgrading and refurbishing the park, attendance continued to dwindle, in part due to a public perception that the park had closed altogether. The plans for the family entertainment center never came to fruition.

In 1995, the owners filed for bankruptcy and the park did not open for the season. However, by the 1996 season, a group called Summer Resorts, Inc., under the leadership of Gary Harris, completed a purchase of the park. Although Harris arrived at Conneaut Lake Park with a history of criminal charges, residents were optimistic that the park could be saved under his leadership. The park reopened on July 4, 1996, but new problems arose in 1997 when Harris was convicted of tax evasion. To help extricate himself from his legal difficulties, Harris gave the debt-ridden park to the Conneaut Lake community in 1997, but later filed a lawsuit claiming that he held a 99-year lease on the park grounds and retained ownership of several rides. When Harris lost the lawsuit in 2001, park ownership reverted to a court-appointed trustee.

Early 2000s and rebirth
The park began the new century under the oversight of a non-profit corporation, The Trustees of Conneaut Lake Park. During this time, the park experienced a renewed interest, driven in part by roller coaster and amusement park enthusiast groups. Several of the park's rides, including Devil's Den and Blue Streak, were repaired by volunteers. In August 2010, the park received $50,000 in funds from a contest sponsored by Pepsi for use in restoring Blue Streak.

Several fires destroyed buildings on the property, including a fire in 2008 that destroyed the Dreamland Ballroom, and a fire on August 1, 2013, that destroyed the dockside restaurant and the beach front building.

1890s

 * 1892: Exposition Park opened.

1900s

 * 1902: Figure Eight roller coaster opened.
 * 1908: A large portion of the midway, many hotels, a bowling alley and the park's ballroom were destroyed in a fire.
 * 1909: Dreamland Ballroom opened, replacing the original ballroom lost in the 1908 fire. Scenic Railway roller coaster opened.

1920s

 * 1920: Park was renamed Conneaut Lake Park.
 * 1925: Tumble Bug ride was installed.
 * 1925: Temple of Music opened.

1930s

 * 1935: Beach Club bar opened.
 * 1936: Figure Eight roller coaster closed.
 * 1937: Scenic Railway roller coaster closed.
 * 1938: Blue Streak roller coaster opened.

1940s

 * 1946: Temple of Music was destroyed by fire.
 * 1949: Tilt-A-Whirl opened. A man was killed on Blue Streak.

1960s
Blue Streak received new NAD Century Flyer trains, replacing its original trains from 1938.
 * 1961: Fun House opened in former bowling alley. Wild Mouse roller coaster opened.
 * 1968: Devil's Den opened.

1970s

 * 1973: Dracula's Cave (Pit of Death) opened on the former site of the Cuddle-Up.
 * 1974: Dr. John Flynn and Mrs. Mary Gene Winslow Flynn, son-in-law and daughter of Dr. Winslow, buy out the other partners, saddling the park with $750,000 in debt.
 * 1975: Fun House closed. The Scrambler was moved into the gutted building, black lights, strobes, and loud music are added, and it was renamed the Ultimate Trip.
 * 1976: Hell Hole rotor ride opened.

1980s

 * 1981: Charles Winslow Flynn, son of Dr. and Mrs. Flynn, took over operation of the park.
 * 1985: Dracula's Cave (Pit of Death) closed; the building was converted to locker rooms and showers for the water park. Fairyland Forest closed.
 * 1986: Camperland opened on the site of Fairyland Forest. Cliffhanger Falls was built.

1990s

 * 1990: New front gate constructed. Wild Mouse roller coaster closed.
 * 1991: Connie Otter's Kiddie Cove and Otter Creek Adventure River were built behind Cliffhanger Falls, creating the water park Splash City.
 * 1992: Devil's Den was renamed Dr. Moriarity's Wild Ride. Conneaut Lake Park celebrated its 100th anniversary. At the end of the season, it was announced that many rides would be removed and Blue Streak would be demolished. Hell Hole was removed. The Flynn family sold the park.
 * 1993: Local businessmen purchased many of the rides at auction to keep Conneaut Lake Park as an amusement park. Management lost $125,000 in operations.
 * 1994: Lost $800,000.
 * 1995: The park failed to open due to bankruptcy.
 * 1996: The park was purchased by Gary Harris. It reopened on July 4, although Blue Streak did not reopen with the rest of the park.
 * 1997: Former owner Garry Harris went to prison for tax evasion. The non-profit Trustees of Conneaut Lake Park group was established to take ownership of the park. Blue Streak was renovated and the park purchased four rides from the now-closed Old Indiana Fun Park: Super Round-Up, Dodg'ems, Sky Thriller, and Turbo. Turbo was never installed due to a dispute over ownership. An 8-tub model of the Flying Scooters ride was also added.
 * 1999: The Trustees of Conneaut Lake Park dwindled to one member. The Conneaut Lake Park Management Group also began to operate Conneaut Lake Park. Conneaut Lake's annual Fall Pumpkin Fest was moved to the park. The park also purchased a Roll-O-Plane ride and opened it.

2000s

 * 2000: On June 28, the Conneaut Lake Park Management Group was ousted from the park, and it was closed for four days before the trustees assumed control again.
 * 2001: Gene Rumsey and Mary Ellen Rebrassier managed Conneaut Lake Park for the season. Dr. Moriarity's Wild Ride was restored to its original name, Devil's Den.
 * 2002: The original 1938 trains were put back onto Blue Streak, sending the NAD Century Flyer trains from the 1960s into retirement. The park purchased and opened the Toboggan roller coaster.
 * 2003: The park was approved to open the day before Labor Day when Lake View Ford loaned Conneaut Lake Park the money it needed to open. A new board of trustees was formed on July 15. The park hosted its first annual "Holiday in the Park" event in December. A book, The Ghosts of Hotel Conneaut and Conneaut Lake Park was written, sparking ghost hunts, television coverage, and events such as the annual Spiritual Expo at Conneaut Lake Park. Gene Rumsey resigned as park manager at the end of the season.
 * 2004: Griffin Motors loaned Conneaut Lake Park the money it needed to open. Mary Ellen Rebrassier, CEO, was replaced with Don Kaltenbaugh on June 16. Tim Kaider resigned as chairman of the board of trustees and Abe Finton assumed the position.
 * 2005: The park attempted to introduce a tiger animal attraction, but after a lengthy public protest from a Pittsburgh-based animal rights group, Voices for Animals, and a petition with several thousand signatures from the park's patrons, it was withdrawn later in the season. The board of trustees was ordered by Judge Vardaro to open the park for the season without borrowing any money. Don Kaltenbaugh resigned and more board members were added, including George Deshner, Dick Williams, David Gordan, and chairman Terry Deitz. Tom Cholak and Harold Thornton were hired as managers of the park. The park leased the Beach Club, Camperland, and multiple games in order to get money to open the park for the season. Trevor Samios and John Raucci were hired as Event Coordinators for the park. A new book, Images of America: Conneaut Lake Park, was published by Michael E. Costello and Arcadia Publishing, sparking renewed interest in the park. In August, the park, still under custody of the Crawford County court, had its 12-member operating board dissolved due to its failure to file a required financial report two months earlier. The park management was awarded to former school principal George Deshner and local humane society operator LeRoy Stearns.
 * 2006: The Flynn house, where the Flynn family lived when they owned the park, was demolished in a controlled burn. Conneaut Lake Institute began its "Brick-by-Brick" fundraising campaign to raise funds to repair the park's ridable miniature railroad. In order to open Conneaut Lake Park in 2006, the park borrowed $250,000 against the sale of the Flynn house and 3.3 acre of valuable lakefront property. The Yo-Yo ride was dismantled after sitting idle for 3 years, and was subsequently sold. The Witch's Stew ride was reintroduced. The Bessemer and Lake Erie Miniature Train reopened to the public on July 2. The park's historic Tumble Bug ride reopened to the public on July 8. Conneaut Lake Park continued to operate without a board of trustees. Deshner and Stearns announced that the park lost approximately $400,000 that season. In an attempt to pay off a large portion of the park's debt, Stearns tried to sell 3.6 acre of lakefront property. The ferris wheel was retired at the end of the season. This would be the last year the Toboggan coaster operated.
 * 2007: On May 22, it was announced that the resort would not open for the 2007 season due to lack of funds. The Trustees of Conneaut Lake Park had earlier attempted to raise funds through the sale of tokens, but were unsuccessful. The trustees then sought a six-figure gift to open the park, but finding no donors, announced the park would not open. $2 million in debt, the park was unable to borrow the funds needed to open.
 * 2008: On February 1, the Dreamland Ballroom was destroyed in a massive fire. On April 6, the bowling alley collapsed.  In April several scenes from the 2009 movie The Road were filmed at the park, including near the ruins of the Dreamland Ballroom.
 * 2009: The resort opened on Memorial Day weekend. The amusement park opened in its entirety later in the summer.

2010s

 * 2010: The park opened with all but 4 rides functional: Blue Streak, Roll-O-Plane, Toboggan and Super Round-Up. Splash City opened on July 4. The coaster convention from ACE (American Coaster Enthusiasts) was held at the park on June 23, and Blue Streak was declared a historic coaster. An arson fire destroyed Kiddieland's restrooms. From September 2 through September 6, Blue Streak was open. The Skydiver ride closed, and was removed from the park.
 * 2011: The Trustees of Conneaut Lake Park and Swank's Steel City Shows entered an agreement to assume operations for the 2011 season. Under the agreement, four new portable attractions were installed, including Jitterbug, Fun Slide, Go Gator, and Jumpin' Star. The Roll-O-Plane ride was removed from the park. After Labor Day, Swank's Steel City Shows ended the agreement with the Trustees of Conneaut Lake Park and removed their attractions and equipment. Splash City closed this season, and remained closed for six years.
 * 2012: The amusement park opened on Labor Day with the following attractions in operation: Carousel, Tilt-A-Whirl, Flying Scooter, Bessemer and Lake Erie Miniature Train, Music Express, Devil's Den, Witch's Stew, Trabant, all Kiddieland rides, and the Pony Track.
 * 2013: A fire destroyed the Beach Club and Dockside Pavilion on August 1. On August 3, the new attraction, Hostile Hostel, a walk-through dark ride, opened. An opening ceremony for it was held during the filming of the pilot episode of a show titled Mission Amusement. Two women were injured while riding Blue Streak.
 * 2014: The park opened on May 23. The park considered the possibility of a tax sale in September, as it owed more than $910,000 in overdue property taxes. Toboggan was removed from the park in September and put up for sale. Witch's Stew, Music Express, and the Kiddie Carousel were also put up for sale. All rides put up for sale were not sold, and remained in operation the following year, with the exception of the Toboggan, which was dismantled. In December, after many failed attempts of trying to appeal a Sheriff's sale of the park (with the sale then scheduled for December 5), the park filed for bankruptcy to stop the sale. The Super Round-Up ride was also removed from the park.
 * 2015: The park opened on May 22. Despite Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings, the courts allowed the trustees to secure loans to open the park. The park listed eleven operating rides, plus eleven more in Kiddieland.  A new pump and spout was added to the Front Gate Fountain early in the season.
 * 2016: Splash City opened for the first time in six years. Several areas throughout the park were cleaned up and reopened, including the area next to Tumble Bug and the entrance to Splash City. A concessions stand was bought and placed in Splash City across from the entrance to Lazy River. The first drop of Blue Streak was re-tracked.
 * 2017: The park opened on May 27 for its 125th anniversary, along with Splash City. The picnic shelters on Reed Avenue were demolished to make room for a parking lot. A new entrance for the park was constructed across from the parking lot.
 * 2018: The park opened on May 26. The second drop of Blue Streak was re-tracked, and Tumble Bug was repainted. The park also announced the addition of a Ferris Wheel for the 2019 season.
 * 2019: The park opened with two new rides and numerous improvements. A regular-sized Ferris Wheel was installed the end of the midway facing the lake, and a small Ferris Wheel was completely refurbished and returned to Kiddieland after an absence. Splash City's buildings and Kiddieland's carousel and boat ride received new roofs. The Bessemer and Lake Erie Miniature Train and Dodg'ems received new theming, the midway asphalt was patched, several rides and buildings were repainted, and work continued on Blue Streak. The season also saw a successful collaboration between EPACC, employees, and volunteers.

2020s

 * 2020: The park did not open for the season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
 * 2021: On March 2, U.S. Bankruptcy Court Judge Jeffery A. Deller approved the sale of Conneaut Lake Park to Keldon Holdings, LLC for the amount of $1,200,000. Keldon was ultimately the only bidder for the property. The sale was estimated to cover 60% of the park's remaining liabilities. On March 17, the new ownership announced that "blighted wood" was being removed, and that the safety of unspecified rides was being evaluated. Tumble Bug was placed into storage with the intention of it returning in 2022, before it was deemed beyond repair. Blue Streak was also announced to be closed for the year.
 * 2022: On January 4, 2022, while Blue Streak was being demolished, a controlled burn used to dispose of the discarded wood spread to the portion of the coaster which was still standing. The coaster was destroyed in the fire, and completely demolished. No announcement of the coaster's closure had been made prior to its demolition. In March 2022, Splash City was demolished.

Former water attractions
Splash City was a water park located in the middle of the park. It contained three attractions: Cliffhanger Falls, a pair of water slides; Connie Otter's Kiddie Cove, a children's area; and Otter Creek River Adventure, a lazy river. There were also two decks on the island of the lazy river for sunbathing. They could be accessed by a bridge on the right end of the lazy river. The slides were added in 1986, and the rest of the water park was added in 1991. Splash City operated from 1986 to 1994, 1996–2006, and 2009–2010. The water park sat idle from 2011 to 2016. In October 2015, the park announced Splash City would be reopening in 2016. On May 28, 2016, Otter Creek River Adventure reopened to the public. On August 6, 2016, both Cliffhanger Falls and Connie Otter's Kiddie Cove reopened to the public. In March 2022, Splash City was demolished. Only a portion of the Cliffhanger Falls water slide remained standing, which was later torn down.

Kiddieland
Kiddieland was a small, enclosed section of the park, containing rides specifically for children. It was located behind the Carousel and across from the Witch's Stew and Trabant. The original Kiddieland restrooms were destroyed by an arson fire in 2010. They have since been rebuilt.

The Kiddieland section of the park also offered pony rides in a small, circular, tethered track.

title: Conneaut Lake Park


text:
Talk:Michael A. Smith (philosopher)

VFD
This article has been kept following this VFD debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  14:52, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michael A. Smith (philosopher)


text:
User talk:Kils/Virtual University

Virtuelle Universität

The Wikiversity is an initiative of students, professors and philanthropists for some free education at academic level via the www, with interactive components. This page is intended to serve as one of many brainstorming and coordinating nucleus.

Many universities, like Edison college or the Open University in England, have interactive courses over the internet (Distance education), however they charge tuition. Especially as support for third world countries there are now some proposals to deliver courses and interactive material free. Erik Moeller user:eloquence and User:Maveric149 drive the wikiversity idea forward, which is under construction as an umbrella for such virtual education. In Germany a demonstration version is mounted with courses, free video/audioconferences and interactive tools, for example on oceanography. First professors volunteered as "faculty patrons" for the project - all faculty worldwide is invited to add some classes and ideas to this international project, also mount some works and reading material and images and graphs on Wikisource and register with SKYPE and iVISIT for communication. A lecture (like "Biology of Antarctica") should serve as an umbrella with jumps to information. The teaching content should be contained on life Wikipedia pages, possibly with forked-off mirrors frozen at intervals after proofreading, like in the faculty checked forked off stage of the article about Antarctic krill. Also collect scientific and featured images like http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_picture_candidates/Krilleyekils Picture of the day/June 20, 2005

International students and faculty in robes from Finland, Germany and Norway

title: User talk:Kils/Virtual University


text:
Fine by Me

Fine by Me may refer to:
 * Fine by Me (organization), LGBT group
 * "Fine by Me" (Andy Grammer song), 2011
 * "Fine by Me" (Chris Brown song), 2015

title: Fine by Me


text:
Shock advertising

Shock advertising or shockvertising is a type of advertising that "deliberately, rather than inadvertently, startles and offends its audience by violating norms for social values and personal ideals". It is the employment in advertising or public relations of "graphic imagery and blunt slogans to highlight" a public policy issue, goods, or services. Shock advertising is designed principally to break through the advertising “clutter” to capture attention and create buzz, and also to attract an audience to a certain brand or bring awareness to a certain public service issue, health issue, or cause (e.g., urging drivers to use their seatbelts, promoting STD prevention, bringing awareness of racism and other injustices, or discouraging smoking among teens).

This form of advertising is often controversial, disturbing, explicit and crass, and may entail bold and provocative political messages that challenge the public’s conventional understanding of the social order. This form of advertising may not only offend but can also frighten as well, using scare tactics and elements of fear to sell a product or deliver a public service message, making a "high impact." In the advertising business, this combination of frightening, gory and/or offensive advertising material is known as "shockvertising" and is often considered to have been pioneered by Benetton, the Italian clothing retailers which created the line United Colors of Benetton, and its advertisements in the late 1980s (see Benetton below).

Types
Shock advertisements can be shocking and offensive for a variety of reasons, and violation of social, religious, and political norms can occur in many different ways. They can include a disregard for tradition, law or practice (e.g., lewd or tasteless sexual references or obscenity), defiance of the social or moral code (e.g., vulgarity, brutality, nudity, feces, or profanity) or the display of images or words that are horrifying, terrifying, or repulsive (e.g., gruesome or revolting scenes, or violence). Some advertisements may be considered shocking, controversial or offensive not because of the way that the advertisements communicate their messages but because the products themselves are "unmentionables" not to be openly presented or discussed in the public sphere. Examples of these “unmentionables” may include cigarettes, feminine hygiene products, or contraceptives. However, there are several products, services or messages that could be deemed shocking or offensive to the public. For example, advertisements for weight loss programs, sexual or gender related products, clinics that provide AIDS and STD testing, funeral services, groups that advocate for less gun control, casinos which naturally support and promote gambling could all be considered controversial and offensive advertising because of the products or messages that the advertisements are selling. Shocking advertising content may also entail improper or indecent language, like French Connection's “fcuk” campaign.

The effects
Advertisers, psychiatrists, and social scientists have long debated the effectiveness of shock advertising. Some scientists argue that shocking ads of course evoke stronger feelings among the consumers. One finding suggests “shocking content in an advertisement significantly increases attention, benefits memory, and positively influences behavior.” The same study also shows that consumers are more likely to remember shocking advertising content over advertising content that is not shocking. Shock advertising could also refer to the usage of emotional appeals such as humor, sex or fear. Humor has for a long time been the most frequently used communication tool within advertising, and according to branch active people it is considered to be the most effective.

The effects of shock advertising could also be explained by the theory of selective perception. Selective perception is the process by which individual selects, organizes and evaluates stimuli from the external environment to provide meaningful experiences for him- or herself. This means that people focus in certain features of their environment to the exclusion of others. The consumer unconsciously chooses which information to notice and this kind of selection is dependent of different perceptual filters which are based on the consumer’s earlier experiences. One example of this kind of filter is perceptual defense. Perceptual defense is the tendency for people to protect themselves against ideas, objects or situations that are threatening. This means that if a consumer finds a certain kind of advertising content threatening or disturbing, this message will be filtered out. An example of this a heavy smoker who could be filtering out a picture of cancer sick lung since the content could be perceived as disturbing and uncomfortable.

Target audience: direct-to-consumer advertisements are common in popular magazines, and particularly aimed at women.

You should also consider long term branding issues if using shock advertising as communication method. Using shocking pictures could affect the way consumers perceive your brand and quality of your product. The ethics is always important to have in mind, and using fear or other strong messages might not always be the best and most effective method to use.

Examples
Examples include the use of blood and gore, diseased organs and human body parts, and so on. Thus, it can expose any taboo, but typically has an unnecessarily sexually suggestive image. Benetton Group has had several shocking ads of a priest and a nun kissing, a black woman breast-feeding a white baby, and death row inmates' thoughts. Legal advertising that employs shockvertising would depict or re-enact a car accident, which is now illegal in New York.

This practice has been compared to extreme sports and lewd behavior, and to the Jerry Springer show.

Shockvertising is recognized around the world as a term of art, in Polish, in German, and Dutch.

Benetton
Benetton has come under particular scrutiny for the use of shock advertisements in its campaigns, leading to public outrage and consumer complaints. However, several of Benetton’s advertisements have also been the subject of much praise for heightening awareness of significant social issues and for “taking a stand” against infringements on human rights, civil liberties, and environmental rights. Benetton’s advertisements have featured images of portions of men’s and women’s bodies with tattoos that say "HIV Positive", a Black woman breastfeeding a White infant (which could be celebrated as a championing image of racial diversity or raising awareness of racial issues yet was also denounced for its historical connotations when Black women, during slavery, were often required to become caretakers for White children), a priest and a nun leaning to kiss each other, as well as a group of real death row inmates (alluding to issues concerning capital punishment). Other shocking advertisements released by Benetton include an image of a duck covered in oil (addressing issues of oil spillage and the cleanliness of oceans), a man dying of AIDS, a soldier holding a human bone, as well as a newborn infant still attached to its umbilical cord, which "was intended as an anthem to life, but was one of the most censured visuals in the history of Benetton ads." Oliviero Toscani, a photographer for Benetton who contributed to many of its shocking advertisements, said, regarding the advertisement he created of a man dying from AIDS, that he wanted "to use the forum of poster advertising to make people aware of this [AIDS] tragedy at a time when no-one dared to show AIDS patients."

Calvin Klein
Calvin Klein of Calvin Klein Jeans has also received media attention for its controversial advertisements in the mid-1990s. Several of Calvin Klein's advertisements featured images of teenage models, some "who were reportedly as young as 15" in overly sexual and provocative poses. Although Klein insisted that these advertisements were not pornographic, some considered the campaign as a form of "soft porn" that was exploitative, shocking, and suggestive. In 1999, Calvin Klein was the subject of more controversy when it aired advertisements of young children who were only wearing the brand's underwear. This "kiddie underwear ad campaign" was pulled only one day after it aired as a result of public outlash. A spokesperson from Calvin Klein insisted that these ads were intended "to capture the same warmth and spontaneity that you find in a family snapshot."

"Get Unhooked" anti-smoking ads
In May 2007, the UK National News reported that the British government banned anti-smoking advertisements that were part of the "Get Unhooked" campaign because they caused "fear and distress" in children. These public service advertisements featured in magazines, television, and on the internet displayed images of smokers' faces and lips being hooked with fish hooks "to illustrate how they were 'hooked' on cigarettes." Although this campaign received hundreds of complaints citing that the advertisements were offensive, disturbing and violent, the Department of Health was reported as saying that the "Get Unhooked" campaign was "highly effective."

title: Shock advertising


text: User talk:198.146.132.20

title: User talk:198.146.132.20


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Royston Siow

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 09:25, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Royston Siow
Makes no claim of notability. Thue | talk 14:55, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This scores highly on my "Who cares?" scale. --Xcali 14:59, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Good luck with the PhD studies, but Mr. Siow isn't at encyclopedic notability yet (we don't give out articles to people whose only claim to fame is a PhD). --Scimitar 16:51, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Studying for a PhD won't get you an encyclopedia article even though Wikipedia isn't paper. - Mgm|(talk) 17:59, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete grad student vanity. --Etacar11 23:12, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User talk:Gaugdawg422

Gaugdawg422 is a person, the proper pronounciation of gaugdawg is GOG-DOG, not GOG-DA-WAG. Dicks

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Flcelloguy 15:17, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

P.S. Please do not change items in articles to derogatory terms- this is considered vandalism! Thanks.

title: User talk:Gaugdawg422


text:
Talk:Thank You Girl

Untitled
This article has been kept following this VFD-debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  14:56, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Separate sections by Lennon and McCartney
The paragraph about the composition of this song makes several claims that I take issue with, at least until persuasive evidence is presented. First of all, I've never heard any story - nor is any reference provided - that different parts of this song were composed by the individual writers. Second, it refers to the verses being written by one (which one?) and the chorus by the other (which one?), but what about the bridge? If anything, there's a different "feel" between the verse/chorus and the bridge, but that doesn't persuade me. Third, the notion that the distinction between the two writing styles is evident is decidedly NPOV. I'm going to give this a couple of weeks, and if no one else addresses this or persuades me I'm wrong (which anyone is more than welcome to do), I'm going to delete or radically alter that section. MicroProf 21:14, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:FromMetoYou522.jpg
Image:FromMetoYou522.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 07:03, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Objection to "Personnel per"
I recall "per" meaning "through, along or over" from my Latin days. Anyway, the expression "Personnel per" on this page and on the "From Me To You" page, does not sit right with me. It intrudes into the Personnel section, it's pretentious and possibly just wrong. I suggest replacing it with "(source: xxx)" plus the numbered link to reference. If someone agrees, please change it (I won't based on my opinion alone, because I'm an idiot, but two idiots could be quorate). Love, Fido x — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.192.62.29 (talk) 15:53, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thank You Girl


text:
Talk:Aumas

 * Delete: Bannus stop making stupid dune stubs!
 * Delete: I don't think Aumas is important enough to have it's own page. Why don't we just keep it on the terminology page? User:Baron Mortini 20:49, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

Please stop blanking articles or stubs. If you feel like an article should be deleted, please list it on WP:VfD and state your reasons there, where it will undergo a vote. Thank you. Flcelloguy 15:26, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aumas


text:
CyberGraphX

CyberGraphX (pronounced "cybergraphics"), is the standard ReTargetable Graphics API available for the Amiga and compatible systems. It was developed by Thomas Sontowski and Frank Mariak and later adopted by Phase5 for use with their graphics cards. Many other graphics card manufacturers who offered hardware for Amiga and compatible systems used it as well.

Versions
The latest version is CyberGraphX V5 used in MorphOS. Its features include:

 * AltiVec accelerated
 * Display Data Channel (DDC) and gamma correction support
 * Hardware accelerated operations for alpha blending, tinting, gradients, stretching
 * PowerPC native, with support for AmigaOS drivers

The original CyberGraphX software for AmigaOS is no longer actively maintained. CyberGraphX V4 was the last release for that platform so far. AROS implements CyberGraphX V4 compatible API. Alternative RTG APIs are Picasso 96 and Enhanced Graphics System, the first is used in AmigaOS4 and implements the CyberGraphX V4 API with some V5 extensions.

Dual monitor support

 * AGP-Radeon + PCI-Radeon: fail
 * AGP-Radeon + PCI-Voodoo: ok (Apple Open Firmware only)
 * AGP-Voodoo + PCI-Voodoo: unknown
 * AGP-Voodoo + PCI-Radeon: ok

Up to 2560×1600 running on Dual-link DVI, for example a Radeon 9650 with 256 MB

Drivers and libraries

 * cgxsystem.library
 * cgxbootpic.library
 * cgxdither.library
 * cgxvideo.library
 * (cybpci.library)
 * ddc.library
 * cgx3drave.library
 * cgxmpeg.library

title: CyberGraphX


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Mckenna

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 09:23, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Michael Mckenna
Vanity. 22-year-old computer repairman. Delete -- Marcika 14:58, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for the lack of notability. Nestea 15:17, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: but note, he's not a computer repairman. He is in the computer field of repair. ;) jglc | t | c 16:52, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Vanity. --FCYTravis 19:40, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 21:44, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. I hate it when they include pictures. --Etacar11 23:14, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
File:Adverts - Gary Gilmore's Eyes - Original issue - single picture cover.jpg

Summary
The Adverts - Gary Gilmore's Eyes (original Anchor ANC 1043 issue) Original UK 45 rpm single picture cover.


text:
Talk:Earl of Plymouth

Other as a name
How is "other", as a name, pronounced? Andy Mabbett 14:59, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I would guess it's like "oath". —Tamfang 18:43, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

 * According to the article (now), it appears to rhyme with bother. —Tamfang (talk) 21:50, 5 June 2023 (UTC)

Barons
Please let me understand why we have "Barons Windsor (1529)" as a header twice. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 15:11, 22 June 2015 (UTC)
 * User:Gerda Arendt Because that family became "Earls of Plymouth" twice, being Baron Windsor as their most senior title, both before the second creation (the first for that family), and in the interregnum. All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 23:03, 14 August 2016 (UTC).

Update
The death of Other, 3rd Earl of Plymouth, was announced today in a local newspaper, the Shropshire Star as having taken place on 7th March 2018. I have updated the succession account accordingly.Cloptonson (talk) 21:39, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Earl of Plymouth


text:
Pagan rock

Pagan rock is a genre of rock music created by adherents of neopagan traditions. It emerged as a distinct genre from gothic rock in the 1980s. Bands in this genre will often use pagan and occult imagery and deal with pagan themes. In some cases the definition is stretched to include rock bands embraced by modern Pagans.

History
Pagan rock as a more distinct genre emerged in the United Kingdom in 1980s, in particular from gothic rock and related post-punk genres. Gothic rock had become popular among younger pagans as an alternative to the singer-songwriter style established by pagans from the baby-boom generation, which dominated the neopagan institutions in the 1980s and 1990s. One of the first bands to be labeled as Pagan rock by the press was Inkubus Sukkubus, founded in 1989, who have Wiccan members and whose songs use pagan imagery and pagan themes. After Inkubus Sukkubus had some mainstream success with their debut album in 1993, many gothic rock and darkwave bands emerged with neopagan members and lyrical themes. By the mid-2000s, pagan rock had become fully integrated into the mainstream of neopagan events and institutions.

Characteristics
The term "Pagan rock" differentiates the genre from new-age music, and from the traditional folk music found at many Neopagan events and gatherings. While many bands under this loose category do incorporate rock and roll styles, one can also find bands inspired by gothic rock, medieval music, the darker elements of traditional and folk music, Celtic music, neofolk and neo-classical, darkwave, ethereal, ambient, industrial and experimental music.

In many ways, the label of "Pagan rock" carries with it the same complexities and problems as Christian rock. Like contemporary Christian music, it is more an umbrella term than a cohesive musical genre. The Pagan rock label can include bands like Inkubus Sukkubus and The Moon and the Nightspirit who explicitly state their allegiance to Neopaganism; bands like Abney Park who have Neopagans in the band but do not label themselves as pagan rock, and bands like Unto Ashes who sing songs involving occult and Neopagan themes but avoid publicly labeling their personal belief systems.

title: Pagan rock


text:
Elqui River

The Elqui River starts in the west Andes and flows into the Pacific Ocean near the Chilean city of La Serena. It is a wine and pisco producing area. Vicuña, the main town of the middle valley, was the home of Nobel Laureate poet Gabriela Mistral.

The invasive plant species Limnobium laevigatum is present in the river which is its northernmost locale in Chile.

Indigenous cultures of the Elqui Valley
About a quarter of the toponymy in Elqui Valley is of indigenous origin, overwhelmingly Quechua and Mapuche. There is scant Diaguita (Kakan) toponimy known in the area despite it being considered a homeland of that people by various authors. Quechua toponimy is related to valleys incorporation to the Inca Empire in the late 15th and early 16th-century. Some Mapuche toponimy posdates Inca rule, but other may be coeval or even precede it. Toponyms recognised as Nahua, Kunza, Diaguita, Aymara and Taino make together up less than 10% of the all placenames in Elqui Valley.

It is generally accepted that incorporation of north-central Chile to the Inca Empire was through warfare which caused a severe depopulation in the Transverse Valleys of Norte Chico, the wider Diaguita homeland. Chilean toponimy in Tarija, Bolivia, including "Erqui" along with other evidence have been interpreted to suggest that Incas deported defeated tribes from Elqui Valley to southern Bolivia. After or during conquest Incas would have settled foreign tribes in Elqui Valley, and ended up imposing Quechua placenames on the local geography. There is uncertainty about the date of these transfers. Chronicler Diego de Rosales tells of an anti-Inca rebellion in the Diaguita lands of Coquimbo and Copiapó concurrent with the Inca Civil War. This rebellion would have been brutally repressed by the Incas who gave rebels "great chastise".

title: Elqui River


text: File:In Our Gun.jpg

title: File:In Our Gun.jpg


text:
File:Date pollinator up.JPG

Mansuri pollinating (Qaffes, قفّز) a female 'Abid Rahim ( (عبد رحيم) palm tree. Photo from Shiri Island in Dar al-Manasir, Northern Sudan.

(c) GFDL David Haberlah (Homepage of David Haberlah, david@haberlah.com)

title: File:Date pollinator up.JPG


text:
Bibliography of justification (theology)

This is a sub-page for the Justification (theology) page.

Ecumenical & General

 * The Lutheran World Federation and The Roman Catholic Church. Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification.  English-Language Edition.  Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000.  ISBN 0-8028-4774-9
 * Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti. One With God: Salvation As Deification And Justification. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8146-2971-7
 * McGrath, Alister E. Iustitia Dei : A History of the Christian Doctrine of Justification.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.  ISBN 0-521-62481-9
 * Oden, Thomas C. The Justification Reader.  Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002.  ISBN 0-8028-3966-5
 * Seifrid, Mark A. Christ, Our Righteousness: Paul's Theology of Justification.  Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001.  ISBN 0-8308-2609-2
 * Reimer, Matthias. An Intertextual Approach to the Paradox of Romans 2:13 and 3:20: Justified by Law Observance? Hamburg: Dr. Kovač, 2022.  ISBN 978-3-339-12904-8

Orthodox

 * Carlton, Clark. The Life: The Orthodox Doctrine of Salvation.  Salisbury, MA: Regina Orthodox Press, 2001.  ISBN 1-928653-02-2
 * Mantzaridis, Georgios I. The Deification of Man: St. Gregory Palamas and the Orthodox Tradition. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1997. ISBN 0-88141-027-6
 * Nellas, Panayiotis. Deification in Christ: Orthodox Perspectives on the Nature of the Human Person. Contemporary Greek Theologians, Vol. 5.  Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1987.  ISBN 0-88141-030-6
 * Pappas, Barbara. Are You Saved?: The Orthodox Christian Process of Salvation.  4th Ed. Westchester, IL: Amnos Publications, 1997.  ISBN 0-9623721-4-5
 * Theophan the Recluse, Saint. The Path to Salvation: A Manual of Spiritual Transformation. Platina, CA: St. Herman Press, 1997.  ISBN 1-887904-50-6
 * Stavropoulos, C. Partakers of Divine Nature. Minneapolis: Light and Life Publishing, 1976.  ISBN 0-937032-09-3
 * Ware, Kallistos. How Are We Saved?: The Understanding of Salvation in the Orthodox Tradition.  Minneapolis: Light and Life Publishing, 1996.  ISBN 1-880971-22-4

Roman Catholic Church

 * The Catholic Church. The Catechism of the Catholic Church.  Second Edition.  New York: Doubleday, 2003.  ISBN 0-385-50819-0
 * Akin, James. The Salvation Controversy. Catholic Answers, 2001. ISBN 1-888992-18-2
 * Armstrong, David. A Biblical Defense of Catholicism. Sophia Institute Press, 2003. ISBN 1-928832-95-4
 * Armstrong, David. More Biblical Evidence for Catholicism: Companion to a Biblical Defense of Catholicism. Authorhouse, 2002. ISBN 0-7596-7072-2
 * Balthasar, Hans Urs von. Theo-Drama: Theological Dramatic Theory, vols. 1-5. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1988. ISBN 0-89870-185-6
 * Balthasar, Hans Urs von. The Theology of Karl Barth: Exposition and Interpretation. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1992. ISBN 0-89870-398-0
 * Bouyer, Louis. The Spirit and Forms of Protestantism. Scepter, 2001. ISBN 1-889334-31-6
 * Hahn, Scott, and Leon J. Suprenant, eds. Catholic for a Reason: Scripture and the Mystery of the Family of God. Emmaus Road, 1998. ISBN 0-9663223-0-4
 * Hahn, Scott. "Faith Alone: Is It Justifiable? Catholic Answers Live with Dr. Scott Hahn," 3-part audio interview. El Cajon, CA: Catholic Answers.
 * Hahn, Scott. "Justification: Becoming a Child of God" audio series. Saint Joseph Communications, 1995. ISBN 1-57058-037-5
 * Hahn, Scott. "Romanism in Romans" audio series. Saint Joseph Communications.
 * Kreeft, Peter. Fundamentals of the Faith. Fundamentals of the Faith. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1988. ISBN 0-89870-202-X
 * Lubac, Henri de. Brief Catechesis on Nature and Grace. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1984. ISBN 0-89870-035-3
 * Lubac, Henri de. The Mystery of the Supernatural. Herder & Herder, 1998. ISBN 0-8245-1699-0
 * Maloney, George A. The Mystery of Christ in You: The Mystical Vision of Saint Paul. Alba House, 1998. ISBN 0-8189-0802-5
 * Mitch, Curtis, and Scott Hahn, eds. The Letter of St. Paul to the Romans: Revised Standard Version (Ignatius Catholic Study Bible). San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2003. ISBN 0-89870-938-5
 * Ott, Ludwig. Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma. Rockford, IL: Tan Books & Publishers, 1974. ISBN 0-89555-009-1
 * Pinckaers, Servais. The Sources of Christian Ethics. Catholic University of America Press, 1995. ISBN 0-8132-0818-1
 * Schroeder, H. J., trans. The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent.  Rockford, IL: Tan Books and Publishers, 1978.  ISBN 0-89555-074-1
 * Sungenis, Robert A. Not by Faith Alone: A Biblical Study of the Catholic Doctrine of Justification. Queenship Publishing Company, 1997. ISBN 1-57918-008-6
 * Sungenis, Robert A. How Can I Get to Heaven?: The Bible's Teaching on Salvation Made Easy to Understand. Queenship Publishing Company, 1997. ISBN 1-57918-007-8

Lutheran and Anglican

 * Bayer, Oswald. Living by Faith: Justification and Sanctification.  Geoffrey W. Bromiley, trans.  Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.  ISBN 0-8028-3987-8
 * Concordia Triglotta: Libri symbolici Ecclesiae Lutheranae. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1921.
 * Braaten, Carl E. Justification: The Article by Which the Church Stands or Falls.  Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1990.  ISBN 0-8006-2403-3
 * Braaten, Carl E. and Robert W. Jenson, eds. Union with Christ: The New Finnish Interpretation of Luther.  Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.  ISBN 0-8028-4442-1
 * Elert, Werner. The Structure of Lutheranism.  Volume One.  Walter A. Hansen, trans.  St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1962.  ISBN 0-570-03192-3
 * Forde, Gerhard O. The Captivation Of The Will: Luther Vs. Erasmus On Freedom And Bondage.  Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2005.  ISBN 0-8028-2906-6
 * Forde, Gerhard O. Justification by Faith: A Matter of Death and Life.  Mifflintown, PA: Sigler Press, 1990.  ISBN 0-9623642-5-8
 * Hägglund, Bernt. The Background of Luther's Doctrine of Justification in Late Medieval Theology.  Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1980.  ISBN 0-8006-3063-7
 * Hein, David. "Austin Farrer on Justification and Sanctification." The Anglican Digest 49.1 (2007): 51–54.
 * Jüngel, Eberhard. "The Freedom of a Christian: Luther's Significance for Contemporary Theology." Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing, 1988. ISBN 0-8066-2393-4.
 * Jüngel, Eberhard. "Justification: The Heart of the Christian Faith." Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 2001. ISBN 0-567-08775-1. Originally published in German by J. C. B. Mohr in 1999.
 * Köberle, Adolf. The Quest for Holiness: A Biblical, Historical and Systematic Investigation.  John C. Mattes, trans.  Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1938.
 * Kolb, Robert and Timothy J. Wengert, eds. The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.  Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000.  ISBN 0-8006-2740-7
 * Luther, Martin. The Bondage of the Will.  J. I. Packer and O. R. Johnston, trans.  Grand Rapids: Fleming H. Revell (Baker Books), 1957.  ISBN 0-8007-5342-9
 * Mannermaa, Tuomo. Christ Present In Faith: Luther's View Of Justification.  Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2005.  ISBN 0-8006-3711-9
 * Mattes, Mark C. The Role of Justification in Contemporary Theology.  Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004.  ISBN 0-8028-2856-6
 * Pieper, Francis. Christian Dogmatics.  Volume II.  Theodore Engelder, trans.  St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1951.  ISBN 0-570-06713-8
 * Preus, Robert. Justification and Rome.  St. Louis: Concordia Academic Press, 1997.  ISBN 0-570-04264-X
 * Tappert, Theodore G., ed. The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.  Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1959.  ISBN 0-8006-0825-9

Calvinist/Presbyterian/Reformed

 * Sproul, R. C. Faith Alone: The Evangelical Doctrine of Justification.  Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1999.  ISBN 0-8010-5849-X
 * Hoekema, Anthony Saved by Grace. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans, 1989.  ISBN 0-85364-625-2.
 * Calvin, John Institutes of the Christian Religion. Ed. J.T. McNeill.  Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1960 (original, 1541).  ISBN 0-664-22028-2
 * Buchanan, James The Doctrine of Justification. Vestavia Hills, AL: Solid Ground Christian Books, 2006 (original, 1867). ISBN 978-1-59925-073-1
 * Owen, John The Doctrine of Justification by Faith Through the Imputation of the Righteousness of Christ Explained, Confirmed and Vindicated. Grand Rapids: Reformation Heritage Books, 2006 (original, 16--). ISBN 978-1-892777-97-3
 * Waters, Guy Prentiss Justification and the New Perspective on Paul: A Review and Response. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2004. ISBN 978-0-87552-649-2
 * Oliphint, K. Scott Justified in Christ: God's Plan for us in Justification. Fearn, Scotland: Mentor, 2007. ISBN 978-1-84550-246-1
 * Piper, John The Future of Justification: A Response to N. T. Wright. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2007. ISBN 978-1-58134-964-1

Arminian/Methodist/Wesleyan

 * Cannon, W.R. The Theology of John Wesley: With Special Reference to the Doctrine of Justification. Lanham, MD: The University Press of America, 1984.  ISBN 0-8191-4001-5
 * Collins, Kenneth J. The Scripture Way of Salvation: The Heart of John Wesley's Theology. Nashville: Abingdon, 1997. ISBN 0-687-00962-6
 * Collins, Kenneth J. Wesley on Salvation: A Study in the Standard Sermons. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1989. ISBN 0-310-75421-6
 * Grider, J. Kenneth. A Wesleyan-Holiness Theology. Kansas City: Beacon Hill, 1994.  ISBN 0-8341-1512-3
 * Maddox, Randy L. Responsible Grace: John Wesley's Practical Theology. Nashville: Kingswood Books, 1994. ISBN 0-687-00334-2
 * Miley, John. Atonement in Christ, New York: Jennings & Graham, 1879 (O.P.)
 * Miley, John. Systematic Theology (2 volumes). Eaton & Mains, 1892. ISBN 0-943575-09-5 (Hendrickson)
 * Watson, Richard. Theological Institutes (2 Volumes). New York: Lane & Scott, 1851.


text:
Auliya

In the Arabic language Auliya is the plural of Wali, which means protectors,  and may refer to:
 * Madinat-ul-Auliya, Multan, "the city of the saints"
 * Nizamuddin Auliya, Sunni Muslim scholar, Sufi saint of the Chishti Order
 * Qalandar Baba Auliya, Sufi mystic
 * The Auliyas, a people within the Uchhala peoples

title: Auliya


text:
Elqui Valley

Elqui Valley may refer to:

 * Elqui River, a river in northern Chile
 * Elqui Valley (wine region), a wine region centered on Elqui River

title: Elqui Valley


text:
Talk:Saul Cherniack

Untitled
I made the changes I did because they contained very broad generalizations which were not accurate. They also don't reflect the truth. I am Saul Cherniack's son and know what happened. I have, however, tried to keep in the Wikipedia tradition of objectivity, and have not tried to take out allegations; I've simply made them more accurate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cherniack (talk • contribs) 11:03, June 15, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saul Cherniack


text:
Talk:Adelaide Plains

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20050503165503/http://www.winediva.com.au:80/regions/adelaide-plains.asp to http://www.winediva.com.au/regions/adelaide-plains.asp

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110930005119/http://www.southaustralia.com:80/food-and-wine/wine-region-adelaide-plains.aspx to http://www.southaustralia.com/food-and-wine/wine-region-adelaide-plains.aspx

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Area statistics m
Might be useful if we can include the area for the Adelaide Plains region. 58.174.209.229 (talk) 02:13, 6 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Added information about the area of the Adelaide Plains Council area which is roughly the central third of the Adelaide Plains. Donama (talk) 04:24, 6 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Adelaide Plains


text:
Velasco

Velasco (also Belasco or Belasko) is a Basque family name. According to the academy of Basque language, it is derived from the Visigothic name 'Vela' (Vigila) and the Basque suffix –sco. The name also made its way into Portuguese as Vasco. Notable people with the surname include:

 * The Castilian noble house of Velasco, rulers of the Dukedom of Frías
 * Alberto Contador Velasco (born 1982), Spanish professional road bicycle racer
 * Álvaro Velasco (golfer) (born 1981), Spanish professional golfer
 * Álvaro Velasco (weightlifter) (born 1971), Colombian weightlifter
 * Ana de Velasco y Girón (1585–1607), mother of John IV of Portugal
 * Andrés Velasco (born 1961), Chilean economist and former Finance Minister
 * Camile Velasco (born 1985), Filipino–American singer
 * Concha Velasco (1939-2023), Spanish actress
 * Cris Velasco (born 1980), American film and video game composer
 * Diablo Velasco (1919–1999), Mexican trainer of professional wrestlers
 * Diego López de Zúñiga y Velasco (1510–1564), sixth viceroy of Peru
 * Domingo Antonio Velasco, 18th–century Italian painter
 * Eleanor Thornton (1880–1915), (Eleanor Velasco Thornton), model for the Rolls–Royce hood ornament, Spirit of Ecstasy
 * Epimaco Velasco (1935–2014), Filipino politician
 * Félix Díaz Velasco (1868–1945), Mexican politician and general
 * Gabriela Velasco (1941–2019), Chilean actress and television presenter
 * Gaspar de Borja y Velasco (1580–1645), Spanish Cardinal, metropolitan of Toledo
 * Iván Velasco, Spanish road bicycle racer
 * Jaime Castillo Velasco (1914–2003), Chilean politician
 * José Manso de Velasco, 1st Count of Superunda (1688–1767), Governor of Chile and Viceroy of Peru
 * José María Velasco Gómez (1840–1912), Mexican painter
 * José María Velasco Ibarra (1893–1979), Ecuadorian president, five times elected by popular vote.
 * José María Cervantes y Velasco (c. 1785–1856), Mexican army officer
 * José Miguel de Velasco (1795–1859), Bolivian president
 * Jose R. Velasco (1916—2007), Filipino plant physiologist and agricultural chemist
 * Juan Velasco Alvarado (1910–1977), Peruvian general, ruler of Peru 1968–1975
 * Juan Velasco (footballer) (Juan Velasco Damas, born 1977), Spanish footballer
 * Juan de Velasco (1727–1796), Jesuit priest
 * Juan Zambudio Velasco (1921–2004), Spanish football goalkeeper
 * Julio Velasco (born 1952), Argentine volleyball coach
 * Luís de Velasco (1511–1564), Spanish nobleman, Viceroy of New Spain
 * Luis de Velasco, 1st Marquess of Salinas del Río Pisuerga (c. 1534–1617), Spanish nobleman, Viceroy of New Spain and of Peru
 * Luis de Velasco y Velasco, 2nd Count of Salazar (1559–1625), Spanish nobleman, commander in the Eighty Years' War
 * Luis Vicente de Velasco (1711–1762), commander in the Royal Spanish Navy
 * Manuel de Velasco y Tejada, Spanish admiral at the Battle of Vigo Bay (1702)
 * Manuela Velasco (born 1975), Spanish film actress
 * María Elena Velasco (1940–2015), Mexican actress and film director
 * Miguel Alemán Velasco (born 1932), Mexican politician, businessman and philanthropist
 * Omar Apolonio Velasco (born 1997), American singer-songwriter who performs as Omar Apollo
 * Onyok Velasco (Mansueto Velasco Jr., born 1974), Filipino Olympic silver medalist in boxing
 * Pedro Donoso Velasco (1944–2001), Chilean chess master
 * Presbitero Velasco Jr. (born 1948), incumbent Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
 * Roel Velasco (born 1972), retired Filipino boxer
 * Verónica Ruiz de Velasco (born 1968), Mexican painter
 * Vicente Manuel de Céspedes y Velasco (died 1794), Spanish governor of Santiago de Cuba and of West Florida
 * Velasco Sánchez (fl. 1153–1181), Iberian nobleman who held various political and military offices

title: Velasco


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/MrFluffyV02

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted as substub (under section 1.2.1 of the speedy deletion criteria). - Mgm|(talk) 18:02, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

MrFluffyV02
entry is the username of an Age of Empires 2 player who apparently 'plays with his friends'. Vanity, non-notable; I really wish we had a speedy category for this kind of crap. jglc | t | c 15:06, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for the extreme lack of notability. Nestea 15:16, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted it. - Mgm|(talk) 18:02, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Complete text was 'An Age of Empires 2: The Conquerors player. He is commonly found playing a game called Mini Castle Blood with his friends.'
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.