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WHIO-TV

WHIO-TV (channel 7) is a television station in Dayton, Ohio, United States, affiliated with CBS. It has been owned by Cox Media Group since its inception, making it one of two stations that have been built and signed on by Cox (alongside company flagship WSB-TV in Atlanta). WHIO-TV's transmitter is located off Germantown Street in the Highview Hills neighborhood of southwest Dayton. It shares facilities with sister properties the Dayton Daily News and Cox's Miami Valley radio stations in the Cox Media Center building on South Main Street near downtown Dayton.

History
WHIO-TV signed on February 23, 1949, on channel 13. It was the first television station in Dayton to begin broadcasting, although WLWD (then channel 5, now WDTN, channel 2) was the first to have its license granted.

The station has been owned by the Cox publishing family and their related companies since its inception; Cox also publishes the Dayton Daily News, the first newspaper ever purchased by Cox Enterprises founder James M. Cox. In fact, WHIO-TV is only the second of three television stations built by Cox from the ground up, merely five months after its sister property WSB-TV in Atlanta, where Cox Media Group is headquartered now. WHIO-TV's licensee, Miami Valley Broadcasting, was originally used as the official name for Cox Media's television arm for decades.

WHIO-TV has been a CBS affiliate from the very beginning, and is the only station in Dayton never to have changed its primary affiliation; it did air some programming from the long-defunct DuMont Television Network during its first three years on the air.

The station moved to channel 7 in 1952 following the release of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s Sixth Report and Order, which reorganized VHF channel assignments throughout much of Ohio and the Midwest.

WHIO-TV also served as the default CBS affiliate for most of the Lima, Ohio market. (The station reaches most of the Lima DMA with a Grade B signal). This was especially the case before a low-powered CBS affiliate, WLMO-LP, went on the air in Lima. WHIO-TV also remains on Spectrum's Lima cable systems, along with Columbus CBS affiliate WBNS-TV.

In 1979, Cox Broadcasting almost filed to sell WHIO to locally based Ohio Valley Broadcasting Company, a subsidiary of M&M Broadcasting and Dyson-Kissner Associates during a proposed General Electric merger with Cox Broadcasting, with its new group being led by Stanley G. Mouse, executive vice president of Cox Broadcasting, and Jack P. McCarthy, then-vice president and general manager of the station, for $47.5 million, but the deal apparently fell through due to a lack of Federal Communications Commission approval.

On December 15, 2009, Cox Media Group announced that it would move WHIO-TV and its Dayton radio cluster–WHIO AM-FM, WHKO and WZLR–from its home since the 1950s on Wilmington Avenue in Dayton (at the Kettering city line), to the Cox Media Center building (also the current home of the Daily News) on South Main Street in Dayton, by December 2010. WHIO-TV began broadcasting from the new facility at 2:35 a.m. on December 12, 2010.

WHIO-TV's newscasts, known as NewsCenter 7 since the mid-1970s, have been in first place in the Nielsen ratings for many years, and that trend continues to this day.

WHIO-TV's digital subchannel 7.2 became an affiliate of MeTV on December 1, 2014. The subchannel is branded as "MeTV WHIO Classic Television". A longtime, formerly-used lower-case WHIO logo was included along with the MeTV logo. The subchannel's on-air advertisements include old WHIO radio jingles running over clips of former WHIO-TV anchors and current MeTV shows. The subchannel also runs jingles from the "Hit Radio" and "Warp Factor" packages created by JAM Creative Productions in Dallas.

Digital subchannel 7.3 was added as a Laff affiliate on April 15, 2015, the network's launch date.

In February 2019, it was announced that Apollo Global Management would acquire Cox Media Group and Northwest Broadcasting's stations. Although the group had planned to operate under the name Terrier Media, it was announced in June 2019 that Apollo would also acquire Cox's radio and advertising businesses, and retain the Cox Media Group name. The sale was completed on December 17, 2019.

2019 transmitter outage
On November 5, 2019, WHIO-TV's over-the-air (OTA) signal became unavailable to much of the market after, according to the station, defects in its new transmitter resulted in electric arcs, burning the old transmission line. According to the station, the need to inspect, repair, and/or replace over 1000 feet of transmission line, coupled with inclement weather and a shortage of tower repair crews due to the then-recent spectrum reallocation repack, delayed the repair process. The outage affected OTA reception of all subchannels, including 7.1 (CBS) for all satellite television viewers who subscribed to local channel packages, as the satellite providers rebroadcast WHIO-TV's OTA signal of subchannel 7.1. A few days into the outage, with the consent of WHIO-TV, DirecTV replaced the station at first with WCBS-TV from New York City, then with WKRC-TV from Cincinnati; Dish Network replaced the station with WOIO from Cleveland. Customers using cable or streaming television services were still able to view WHIO-TV programming. On November 15, per an agreement with Greater Dayton Public Television, owner of PBS member WPTD (channel 16), WHIO-TV requested special temporary authority from the FCC to transmit its main (CBS) subchannel over subchannel 16.2, displacing WPTD's "16 Again" service. On November 18, WPTD subchannel 16.2 began broadcasting WHIO-TV programming OTA, and this feed was also picked up by DirecTV and Dish Network. The resolution on 16.2 was in 480i standard definition, compared to channel 7.1's 1080i high definition and the signal also lacked closed captioning; on the first day of broadcast, most of the audio feed was missing, but this was subsequently corrected; subchannels 7.2 (MeTV) and 7.3 (Laff) remained unavailable to OTA viewers. On November 21, 2019, WHIO-TV announced its signal was once again available for OTA viewers; DirecTV and Dish Network restored WHIO-TV's signal from subchannel 7.1 and WPTD returned to normal content on subchannel 16.2. Once WHIO-TV's digital broadcast was restored, many OTA viewers had to rescan their tuners to pick up the station's signal since they would have already rescanned for WDTN's November 8 move.

Post-2019
MeTV Toons was added to the lineup on subchannel 7.4 effective July 2, 2024.

Tri-State Network

In 1953, Cox and Taft Broadcasting formed the short-lived "Tri-State Network" to compete with entertainment programming produced by Crosley Broadcasting Corporation and airing on Crosley television stations in the Dayton, Cincinnati and Columbus markets. On January 11, 1954, a new version of The Wendy Barrie Show (which had aired several years earlier on several national networks) premiered from WHIO-TV's studios; it was simulcast on Taft's WKRC-TV in Cincinnati and WTVN (now WSYX) in Columbus. Wendy Barrie's contract was terminated in October 1954.

Logo
Throughout the 1960s and into the early 1970s, WHIO-TV's logo was the numeral "7" with the station's call letters and city of license inside a perforated circle. By the early 1970s the logo was streamlined, with the "7" now broken at the point where the two lines in the "7" meet; by this time the "7" was by itself inside a solid unbroken circle (usually with the call letters nearby), drawing comparisons with the "Circle 7 logo" used by New York's WABC-TV and other ABC-owned stations. A graphics package used around 1996 also was used, with modifications, at three other Cox-owned stations: WSOC-TV in Charlotte, WFTV in Orlando, and KIRO-TV in Seattle. Aside from some slight changes, this logo remained until early 2007, when the break was removed. Even after the change, the "broken 7" logo remained on the anchor desk until the move to the Cox Media Center building in December 2010.

The station debuted its new "button 7" logo on March 30, 2013, which sports a simple white "7" on a blue circular background.

The television station's call letters, as well as those of its sister radio stations, were depicted in a particular lower-case font from the 1970s until 1992. That logo was resurrected to become part of the branding for the MeTV digital subchannel.

Sports programming
The Dayton Dragons began televising games on digital channel 7.2 (Time Warner Cable channels 23 and 372) on April 9, 2009, eventually airing 25 games per season. In the 2016 season, the Dragons telecasts moved to WBDT.

WHIO also airs all Cincinnati Bengals games carried by CBS. As Dayton is 50 miles from Cincinnati, it is considered a secondary market to the Bengals, meaning all road games must be televised in their entirety. Given that the Bengals are the most popular team in the Dayton market, WHIO airs both home and road games.

The Cleveland Browns also have a sizable fan base in southwest Ohio, and WHIO airs their preseason games when possible as well as any regular season games that do not conflict with the Bengals.

Storm Center 7
WHIO-TV currently calls its team of meteorologists the "Storm Center 7 weather team". WHIO-TV bills its radar (which is powered by Baron Services) as "Live Doppler 7".

WHIO-TV did not use its own professional meteorologists until 1993, with the hiring of Penn State meteorology graduate Heidi Sonen. The station dropped the AccuWeather service it had previously featured and hired other meteorologists to fill out the staff, including former Weather Channel meteorologist Fred Barnhill. USAF meteorologist Warren Madden was hired from nearby Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; he went to The Weather Channel in December 1996.

After Sonen's retirement in 1997, the station hired more Penn State graduates for the role of Chief Meteorologist, including Brian Orzel and Jamie Simpson.

In December 2004, the station introduced StormCenter 7, which is a weather center created by FX Group that doubles as a set where weather reports can be done.

On May 7, 2015, the station announced that it had hired Eric Elwell as its new chief meteorologist, with Brett Collar hired as the new weekend morning meteorologist. Both were announced to be starting in June, with all existing meteorologists at the station remaining, but in some cases being rotated on the schedule. Collar officially began on June 20, 2015, with Elwell's first day on June 29, 2015.

On November 19, 2018, WHIO-TV announced that it had hired McCall Vrydaghs as its chief meteorologist, effective immediately. Elwell would continue to work for the station as the meteorologist for the noon broadcast prior to leaving the station at the end of the year to move closer to his family in Columbus. Vrydaghs had been part of the team of meteorologists with the station since 2012. With Vrydaghs' promotion, Dontae Jones, who had previously been working as a morning meteorologist in North Carolina, also joined the team.

On June 28, 2023, WHIO-TV announced that Austin Chaney would return to WHIO as chief meteorologist. Chaney had previously worked for WHIO as a weekend meteorologist before being promoted to sister station WSOC-TV in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Chaney family has ties to southwest Ohio. Austin Chaney is the grandson of former Cincinnati Reds shortstop Darrel Chaney.

Live Doppler 7
On June 29, 2007, WHIO-TV debuted its new doppler weather radar, initially billed as "New Live Doppler 7", then "Live Doppler 7 HD". The radar was used in every weathercast and, for several years, on the station's website, but, though retaining the "Live Doppler 7" name on-air, WHIO discontinued operation of its radar in June 2021.

7 Weather Now
On December 15, 2006, WHIO-TV launched 7 Weather Now, programmed 24 hours a day, with a mix of frequently updated locally produced forecasts and content from the AccuWeather Channel. Live coverage of developing severe weather could be found on 7 Weather Now, as well as the latest watches and warnings. Weekday mornings from 7 to 8 a.m., the final hour of News Center 7 Daybreak was rebroadcast on the channel. Effective December 1, 2014, 7 Weather Now is no longer programmed on digital channel 7.2 but can be found as a live stream at the station's website and through the WHIO Weather mobile app.

Widescreen and high definition news
WHIO-TV began broadcasting its newscasts in a 16:9 widescreen standard definition format on April 1, 2007; it was the first Ohio station outside of Cleveland to switch to this new format.

In the station's December 12, 2010, move to the Cox Media Center, all of its cameras, graphics and equipment were replaced with full high definition equipment. Beginning with that day's late-night newscast (which was delayed to 11:26 p.m. due to an overrun of CBS network programming), WHIO-TV began broadcasting all locally-shot portions of its newscasts — studio segments and live field reports — in high definition.

WHIO-TV remained the only station in the Dayton area to broadcast local newscasts in high definition or 16:9 widescreen until July 21, 2012, when WDTN made the upgrade to HD. WKEF followed suit during a move to a new facility. Local commercials on WHIO-TV, however, continue to be stretched from their original 4:3 standard definition to widescreen dimensions.

On January 21, 2016, WHIO-TV debuted a new set, designed by FX Group.

Notable alumni

 * Jim Baldridge, co-anchor 1972–1988, lead anchor 1988–2009, now retired
 * Phil Donahue, co-anchor during the 1960s, left for WLWD in 1967
 * Mick Hubert, sports anchor/director 1979–1989, retired radio play-by-play announcer for University of Florida
 * Tracie Savage, anchor/reporter 1986–1991
 * Bob Shreve, overnight host of Night People Theater, a Friday night/Saturday morning movie program, similar to his Saturday night program in Cincinnati (died in 1990)
 * Gil Whitney, weather specialist, reporter, anchor and emcee; died in 1982

Trivia
The highest quality surviving broadcast copy of The Star Wars Holiday Special is derived from this TV station.

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

Analog-to-digital conversion
WHIO-DT began transmitting its digital signal on channel 41 in October 2001. The station shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 7, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 41,  using virtual channel 7.

WHIO-TV moved its digital signal from channel 41 to channel 33 at 10 a.m. on October 18, 2019, as part of the FCC's spectrum reallocation process.

title: WHIO-TV


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Green Spring

Green Spring or Green Springs may refer to:

Places

 * Green Springs Park, park and spring in Enterprise, Florida
 * Green Spring, Kentucky, a home rule-class city
 * Green Springs, Ohio, a village in Sandusky County and Seneca County
 * Green Spring, a plantation house in Green Spring Gardens Park, Fairfax County, Virginia
 * Green Spring Plantation, James City County, Virginia
 * Green Springs National Historic Landmark District, in Louisa County, Virginia
 * Green Springs (Trevilians, Virginia), a house within Green Springs National Historic Landmark District
 * Green Spring, West Virginia, a town

Roads

 * Alabama State Route 149 partly follows Green Springs Highway, an interstate highway located in Jefferson County, Alabama
 * Green Springs Highway, Oregon Route 66, between Ashland and Klamath Falls

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Green Spring


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1913–14 in Swedish football

The 1913-14 season in Swedish football, starting August 1913 and ending July 1914:

Uppsvenska Serien 1913–14

Uppsvenska

Mellansvenska

Svenska Mästerskapet 1913

 * Final

Corinthian Bowl 1913

 * Final

Kamratmästerskapen 1913

 * Final

 * Extra final

Wicanderska Välgörenhetsskölden 1913

 * Final

National team results
🇸🇪 Sweden: Oskar Bengtsson - Theodor Malm, Konrad Törnqvist - Gustaf Ekberg, Knut Nilsson, Claes Berg - Albert Kristiansson, Iwar Swensson, Karl Gustafsson, Sten Söderberg, Bror Hagard.

🇸🇪 Sweden: John Karlsson-Nottorp - Henning Svensson, Konrad Törnqvist - Gustaf Magnusson, Theodor Andersson, Knut Holmgren - John Karlsson, Carl Ohlsson, Erik Börjesson, Erik Hjelm, Arthur Lundin.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Karl Runn - Theodor Malm, Gösta Backlund - Ragnar Wicksell, Karl Gustafsson, David Spångberg - Rune Bergström, Walfrid Gunnarsson, Iwar Swensson, Sten Söderberg, Birger Carlsson.

🇸🇪 Sweden: John Karlsson-Nottorp - Theodor Malm, Henning Svensson - Ragnar Wicksell, Knut Nilsson, Gustaf Ekberg - Rune Bergström, Iwar Swensson, Erik Börjesson, Erik Hjelm, Birger Carlsson.

🇸🇪 Sweden: John Karlsson-Nottorp - Theodor Malm, Erik Runeborg - Ragnar Wicksell, Knut Nilsson, Gustaf Ekberg - Rune Bergström, Iwar Swensson, Erik Börjesson, Erik Hjelm, Arthur Lundin.

🇸🇪 Sweden: John Karlsson-Nottorp - Theodor Malm, Erik Runeborg - Ragnar Wicksell, Knut Nilsson, Knut Holmgren - Rune Bergström, Gustaf Ekberg, Iwar Swensson, Erik Hjelm, Arthur Lundin.

🇸🇪 Sweden: David Hulterström - Theodor Malm, Gösta Backlund - Ragnar Wicksell, Knut Nilsson, Gustaf Ekberg - Rune Bergström, Iwar Swensson, Karl Gustafsson, Sten Söderberg, Carl Karlstrand.

title: 1913–14 in Swedish football


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Jesse Root

Jesse Root (December 28, 1736 – March 29, 1822) was an American minister and lawyer from Coventry, Connecticut. During the American Revolution he served on the Connecticut Council of Safety and in the Connecticut militia. Originally appointed as a lieutenant colonel in Peekskill in 1777, he rose to the rank of Adjutant-General of the Connecticut Line. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress for Connecticut from 1778 until 1782, and sat as chief justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1796 to 1807 as well as a state court judge. He served in the Connecticut House of Representatives and served in the Connecticut Constitutional Convention. He was also a member of the First Company, Governor's Foot Guard, serving as its commandant between May 1798 and October 1802.

His grandson was Austin Cornelius Dunham.

title: Jesse Root


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Brinco

The British Newfoundland Corporation Limited, or after 1971 Brinco Limited, was incorporated by a consortium of British companies in 1953, which undertook industrial development opportunities in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The company was involved in the construction of the Churchill Falls Generating Station.

History
The concept for BRINCO was conceived in 1952 by Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador Joey Smallwood, who sought to bring industrial development to the province. Smallwood travelled to the United Kingdom to court private sector companies, offering large tracts of undeveloped resource land in both the Labrador and Newfoundland areas of the province in exchange for guaranteeing the development of any natural resources discovered.

After numerous meetings with some of the political and industrial leaders, including Sir Winston Churchill and Anthony Gustav de Rothschild, Smallwood was successful in having seven large British corporations form a consortium to explore, investigate, and, where feasible, to develop natural resources in the province.

The seven founding firms are as follows;

 * N M Rothschild & Sons
 * The Anglo-American Corporation of South Africa
 * Bowater Paper Corporation
 * English Electric Company Limited
 * Frobisher Limited
 * Rio Tinto Company Limited
 * The Anglo-Newfoundland Development Company Limited.

They were joined by seventeen other firms before the principal agreement was signed with the Government of Newfoundland in 1953. These additional firms included Bank of Montreal, Royal Bank of Canada and Suez Canal Company.

On 30 May 1986, Brinco amalgamed with Dorset Resources Limited of Calgary to form Consolidated Brinco Limited. On 1 March 1992, Consolidated Brinco merged into Hillsborough Resources.

title: Brinco


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User talk:Mr Bartels

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 14:22, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

VWN en WCN
Beste Mr Bartels Al enige tijd is er een Nederlandstalig chapter in oprichting, te vinden op http://nl.wikimedia.org. Dit wordt de Vereniging Wikimedia Nederland (VWN). Je kunt je interesse om lid te worden van deze vereniging hier aangeven.

Deze vereniging gaat eind augustus/begin september een Wikimedia Conferentie in Nederland (WCN) houden, volgend op Wikimania in Boston, gedeeltelijk erop inspelend middels een aantal discussiegroepen. Om iets dergelijks te organiseren is imput erg gewenst. Dus als je wilt meehelpen, of als je interesse hebt om bij een dergelijk evenement aanwezig te zijn, geef dat dan aan op nl.wikimedia. Ik hoop daar snel je imput tegemoet te zien! Met vriendelijke groet, effeietsanders 17:56, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Flying Blue
Flying Blue, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Flying Blue satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Flying Blue and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Flying Blue during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Russavia 09:28, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Flying Blue
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Flying Blue, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add  to the top of Flying Blue. Ridernyc (talk) 22:25, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:00, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mr Bartels


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Ghibli Museum

The Ghibli Museum (三鷹の森ジブリ美術館) is a museum showcasing the work of the Japanese animation studio Studio Ghibli. It is located in Inokashira Park in Mitaka, a western city of Tokyo, Japan. The museum combines features of a children's museum, technology museum, and a fine arts museum, and is dedicated to the art and technique of animation. Features include a replica of the Catbus from My Neighbor Totoro (1988), a café, bookstore, rooftop garden, and a theater for exclusive short films by Studio Ghibli.

History
Planning for the museum began in 1998. Construction started in March 2000. Upon completion, the museum opened on 1 October 2001. Studio Ghibli director Hayao Miyazaki designed the museum himself, using storyboards similar to the ones he creates for his films. The design was influenced by European architecture such as the hilltop village of Calcata in Italy. The museum features internal and external spiral staircases built from iron, interior bridges, and balconies stretching throughout the building's height. These stairways lead to exhibits, dead ends, and across bridges. These characteristics are meant to reflect Miyazaki's building designs displayed in his film work. Miyazaki's aim was to make the building itself part of the exhibit, and for the museum to be an uplifting and relaxing experience "that makes you feel more enriched when you leave than when you entered".

Photography and video recording is prohibited inside the museum, because the museum is described as a "portal to a storybook world." Hayao Miyazaki's goal was also for people to experience the museum with their own eyes and ears.

"Let's get lost together" is the museum's slogan, derived from Hayao Miyazaki's vision for visitors to immerse themselves in his imagination and film work.

In February 2020, the museum closed temporarily as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The museum later re-opened to Mitaka residents only in July and later fully reopened in September.

Permanent exhibitions
On the bottom floor is an exhibit room showing the history and science of animation, including a three-dimensional zoetrope named "Bouncing Totoro", with models of characters from My Neighbor Totoro (1988). On the first floor is a mock-up of an animation studio. Called "Where a Film is Born," the five-room exhibit is meant to showcase the creative process of an animation filmmaker such as illustration techniques. Packed with books and toys, the room also displays drawings and illustrations that cover the walls. Another exhibit demonstrates the process of creating an animated film, with sketches, storyboarding, keyframing, cleanup, coloring and background painting.

Special exhibitions
In addition to Ghibli-oriented exhibitions, the museum hosts an area showcasing work from other studios.

Short films
The Ghibli Museum shows several short films created for the museum. Located in the basement of the museum is The Saturn Theater. The theater has windows where automated shades lower and open before and after each showing of its short films. This is because Hayao Miyazaki designed the theater with small children in mind, who could possibly be scared of the closed in theater. The museum shows one of the following Ghibli short-films in the Saturn Theatre:
 * Koro's Big Walk (コロの大さんぽ)
 * Water Spider Monmon (水グモもんもん)
 * Mei and the Kittenbus (めいとこねこバス)
 * The Day I Harvested a Star (星をかった日)
 * The Whale Hunt (くじらとり)
 * Looking for a home (やどさがし)
 * A Sumo Wrestler's Tail (ちゅうずもう)
 * Mr. Dough and the Egg Princess (パン種とタマゴ姫)
 * Treasure Hunting (たからさがし)
 * Boro the Caterpillar (毛虫のボロ)

Each guest to the museum is only permitted to watch the short film once during a single visit.

The films were created to be screened exclusively at the Ghibli Museum. With the opening of Ghibli Park, however, the films are also screened at the Cinema Orion in the Grand Warehouse section of the park.

Tri Hawks
Tri Hawks is a reading room and bookstore in the Ghibli Museum. Opened on February 6, 2002, it is filled with books recommended by Hayao Miyazaki. The name Tri Hawks comes from a pun based on the city's name. "Mi-taka," the city where the Ghibli Museum is located, means three hawks.

Mamma Aiuto
Mamma Aiuto, on the top of the Ghibli Museum, is the souvenir gift shop named after the band of sky pirates in the movie Porco Rosso. The name Mamma Aiuto translates to "mama, help me" in Italian, which was where Porco Rosso was set. Among other items, it sells classic and non-Japanese animation movies under the eponymous Ghibli Museum Library label.

Straw Hat Café
The Straw Hat Café is the Ghibli Museum's only sit-down restaurant. It was created with the help of a housewife who is a mother of four; Miyazaki wanted the café's food to be "a kind of home cooking". The Café serves hot and cold foods, snacks, and desserts. Sold at the takeout section is an original alcoholic beverage: "Valley of the Wind" beer. The beer was created by a collaboration with Dairy Kingdom Oratche, a microbrewery in Tanna Basin. The beverage's label was hand drawn by Gorō Miyazaki, Hayao Miyazaki's son, who is an animation director at Studio Ghibli as well.

Catbus room
There is a playroom for children age 12 and below with a Catbus toy to play in. Its size was slightly downsized from the original scale in My Neighbor Totoro (1988) for it to fit into the museum.

Rooftop garden
On the museum's roof is a garden with a life-size, five meter tall statue of a robot from the final episode of Lupin III Part II and Castle in the Sky. The Robot Soldier was made by the artist Kunio Shachimaru. The statue is formed from hammered copper plate and took 2 years to create. The keystone from the movie Castle in the Sky can be found here. The keystone, bearing an inscription in Old Persian cuneiform, is a replica of the control room stone found in the floating castle, Laputa, in the movie Castle in the Sky.

Museum tickets
Tickets to the Ghibli Museum are only accepted if bought in advance. These reserve tickets can be purchased outside Japan in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, North America, Europe, and Australia, and on internet, or via one of the authorized JTB Corporation locations for the respective region. Tickets go on sale on the tenth day of each month at 10:00 AM local time for reservations the following month. Reservations are strictly for the date and time purchased, and cannot be changed once booked. Tickets range from ¥1,000 for adults to ¥700 for ages thirteen to eighteen year olds, ¥400 for ages seven to twelve year olds, and ¥100 for ages four to six year olds. Ages four years old and under are free. At the museum's entry, the reserve tickets are exchanged for a 35mm film strip that features a scene from one of the Studio Ghibli films.

Fresco Painting
At the entrance of the building, the museum's ceiling is covered in a fresco painting. The painting features characters from the Studio Ghibli films such as Kiki on her broomstick from the film Kiki's Delivery Service (1989).

title: Ghibli Museum


text:
Talk:Singapore Airlines Flight 117

Comment 1
Just curious, in the future when Wikipedia evolves to that extent, we might have encyclopedia articles documenting each regular flight, as I think that 117 still is an existing route? Although its off into the future, would we need a disambig page then? -- Natalinasmpf 14:23, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Wah...probably.....but imagine having to write an article for each airline.....damn! :D--Huaiwei 14:14, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Comment 2
Since there's a section about the PM commendation... Should there also be a President commendation? The Late Ong Teng Cheong award the Commandos a streamer, inscribed "CHANGI 1991" ... gd4u 09:43, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Media briefing.... if memory serves me right the media briefing was memorable for it's brevity and succintness and refusal to give voice to the hijackers... Maybe we need a section on it? Some eyewitness accounts from the passengers would help as well.--PeterMarkSmith 07:52, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

Missing information
Anyone know the plane type of the aircraft involved (model?) or and registration/tail number? It would be useful to add that information. -- the previous comment unsigned by User:192.88.212.43

Copyright
This page is copied almost verbatim from http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/maturing_saf/v03n03_history.html ... which is copyright "© 2006 Government of Singapore" not sure if it is okay to do that... 202.6.241.113

 * Rewriting the article here. -  SpL o T  // 08:51, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Operation Thunderbolt is a different incident
Check the names and the links, that operation was done by the Israelis. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.34.219.117 (talk) 19:01, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

Accurcy?
Subscript textIt was reported that the plane left at 6:15pm and landed at 10:15pm. GoogleEarth shows this distance at 196 miles(310km). How can it possibly take four hours for the plane to fly that far? The article makes no mention of deviation of flight. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 15.203.233.79 (talk • contribs) 02:05, 1 September 2008

 * Verified. -  SpL o T  // 13:14, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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title: Talk:Singapore Airlines Flight 117


text:
User:Technogiddo

Technogiddo is my most common pen name. I developed it years ago, but because it is so unique I keep using it. I also get some extra attention when people keep asking me what is the meaning of the name. All I'll say fot now is that it is short for technological armagiddon.

why I like Wiki
Wiki is one of the best examples of a stable anarchic comunity. Being a devoted anarchic I believe that wiki can be a key to creating a real society working on anarchic principles.

Contributions
Prophet Yahweh junk DNA Adolf Hitler

These trolls are vexsome
"I think the Internet trolls inhabiting Wikipedia are its biggest weakness since they stir up unhelpful vandalism throughout helpful anarchy. When a skilled and cooperative editor comes to understand she'll be wontedly badgered and harassed by online, editing hobgoblins with almost zero hope of help from any admin (except to be blindly accused herself of something never mind get a patronizing reference to Don't bite the newcomers) she'll often flee and not come back. Whatever, with a nod to Heinlein's razor, this is truly a work in progress and I think it likely Wikipedia'll somehow thrive. :)"

This work of litterature was written by Wyss, and devote Wiki contributer.

title: User:Technogiddo


text:
File:Belfast-Lough.PNG

Map created with MSFT Paint. WikiDon 00:40, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

title: File:Belfast-Lough.PNG


text:
CFPL (AM)

CFPL is a radio station owned by Corus Entertainment and based in London, Ontario, Canada. Transmitter power is 10,000 watts daytime, 5,000 watts nighttime. Broadcast frequency is 980 AM. CFPL uses a four-tower directional antenna with differing patterns during the day and night. The station primarily airs news, and talk programming, as well as London Knights hockey and Toronto Blue Jays games. The studios are located in downtown London, while its transmitter is located south of London at Wellington Road and Scotland Drive. After the closure of rival station Newstalk 1290 CJBK, which also once served London, CFPL is the only all-news radio station left in the city.

History
Originally CJGC, the station first went on the air on approximately 698 kHz, at a time when wavelength was usually used rather than frequency. It later changed to 910 kHz, then, to avoid interference from a Mexican station on 909, moved to 595 kHz, which it maintained until it merged with CKOK Windsor to become CKLW in April 1933. During the 1920s and early 1930s, CJGC airtime was used from time to time by CNRL, a phantom station of the Canadian National Railways. In September 1933, the merger was dissolved and a new transmitter on 730 kHz went on the air with the call sign CFPL. The station was an affiliate of the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission from 1933 to 1936 when it became an affiliate of the new Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It was an affiliate of the CBC's Dominion Network from 1944 to 1962 before that network was integrated into CBC Radio and then remained a CBC Radio affiliate for several years. The station changed frequency in 1941 to 1570 kHz, and in February 1949 it changed to 980 kHz. Like many other stations, it had to reduce transmitter power during the night. The CBC affiliation continued until 1978, when CBC established CBCL-FM on 93.5 MHz, a rebroadcast transmitter of CBL in Toronto. The station played MOR and adult contemporary into the late 1990s (and featured Top 40 music in some dayparts during the 1960s), but has since transitioned to 100% news/talk/sports.

CFPL had the distinction of being the first city in North America to list The Beatles at Number One on a radio chart when "She Loves You" went to number one on December 06, 1963.

On November 27, 2017, CFPL rebranded as Global News Radio 980 AM.

title: CFPL (AM)


text:
Horizon (archaeology)

In archaeology, the general meaning of horizon is a distinctive type of sediment, artefact, style, or other cultural trait that is found across a large geographical area from a limited time period. The term derives from similar ones in geology, horizon or marker horizon, but where these have natural causes, archaeological horizons are caused by humans. Most typically, there is a change in the type of pottery found and in the style of less frequent major artefacts. Across a horizon, the same type of artefact or style is found very widely over a large area, and it can be assumed that these traces are approximately contemporary.

General
The term is used to denote a series of stratigraphic relationships that constitute a phase or are part of the process of determining the archaeological phases of a site. An archaeological horizon can be understood as a break in contexts formed in the Harris matrix, which denotes a change in epoch on a given site by delineation in time of finds found within contexts. An example of a horizon is the dark earth horizon in England, which separates Roman artefacts from medieval artefacts and which may indicate the abandonment of urban areas in Roman Britain during the 2nd to 5th centuries. The term "archaeological horizon" is sometimes, and somewhat incorrectly, used in place of the term layer or strata.

Americas
In the archaeology of the Americas "Horizon" terminology, used as proper names, has become used for schemes of periodization of major periods. "Horizons" are periods of cultural stability and political unity, with "Intermediate periods" covering the politically fragmented transition between them. In the periodization of pre-Columbian Peru and the Central Andes, there are three Horizon periods with two Intermediate periods between them. The Horizons and their dominant cultures are: Early Horizon, Chavin; Middle Horizon, Tiwanaku and Wari culture; Late Horizon, Inca.

The same terms (Early, Middle, and Late Horizons) are sometimes used for the Mesoamerican chronology, though there the five stages defined by Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips in 1958 remain dominant, and the Formative stage, Classic stage, and Post-Classic stage cover approximately similar periods. More commonly, lower-case horizons such as an "Olmec horizon" are referred to for the region.

title: Horizon (archaeology)


text:
Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities (UK Parliament constituency)

Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities was a university constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1868 until 1918. It was merged with the Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities constituency to form the Combined Scottish Universities constituency.

Electorate
As a university constituency, the constituency had no geographical basis. Instead, its electorate consisted of graduates from the University of Edinburgh and the University of St Andrews.

Elections in the 1890s

 * Pearson was raised to the Bench, as a Senator of the College of Justice.

 * Stormonth-Darling was raised to the Bench, as a Senator of the College of Justice.

Elections in the 1880s

 * Caused by Macdonald's appointment as Lord Justice Clerk, becoming Lord Kingsburgh.

 * Caused by Macdonald being appointed Lord Advocate.

At Edinburgh Playfair had received 1,742 votes and Bickersteth 1526, and at St Andrew's Playfair received 512 votes and Bickersteth 698. Eleven of Playfair's ballot papers had not been counted "Owing to certain information".

Elections in the 1870s

 * Caused by Playfair's appointment as Postmaster General of the United Kingdom.


text:
User talk:Mel Etitis/Correspondence with SS

E-mail correspondence between  SS   and me, on 27 May 2005.

I shouldn't have placed this here, but as  SS   placed my private e-mails in the public domain, I though that I'd provide my own copy. At the very least, it demonstrates that his explanation: "Statement made to me via email after I had contacted him officially as a legal representitive of the Wikipedia, and my blocking admin" is at best misleading.

[SS to me]
 * From jack.i.lynch@gmail.com:
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neofascism_and_religion&diff=14269478&oldid=14265550 - Revision as of 16:55, 26 May 2005, revert #1

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neofascism_and_religion&diff=14283708&oldid=14282740 - Revision as of 23:35, 26 May 2005 (compromise edit, inserting corporatist, which is complimented by El_C)

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neofascism_and_religion&diff=14283990&oldid=14283866 - Revision as of 00:00, 27 May 2005 Revert #2

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neofascism_and_religion&diff=14307784&oldid=14307708 - Revision as of 12:12, 27 May 2005 Revert #3

 * I suggest you unblock.

[my reply]
 * All three edits involve removing "right-wing"; that one also involves something else is irrelevant.

 * M.E.

[SS]
 * I feel the edit in question was an attempt at compromise, rathr than a

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Revert

[my reply]
 * I'm afraid that I can't see that the 3RR makes a distinction between a revert whose intention was compromise and a revert whose intention wan't. I did go back and look at the four edits, and I checked to see if the first one was genuinely a revert - I refuse to block in cases where the first so-called revert was a new edit - but it still seems to me that the case is clear.  You are, of course, free to seek a second opinion.

 * M.E.

[SS]
 * I've been unblocked

[SS, responding to my message on Administrators' noticeboard/3RR]
 * You consider the above "crowing"? I suggest you reveal the extent of

my attempt to rub [your] nose in [my] Houdini-skills. Thats not something I had any intent in doing, as should be very clear to you from my email, and my single, one word edit after being unblocked.

 * Jack

[my reply]
 * If your attempts to insinuate are successful, you have to accept that people will correctly interpret them. If you don't want people correctly to interpret them, why make them?

 * Put another way, what was the point of your e-mail to me, and what was the point of your one-word edit? I'd be fascinated to hear your innocent explanations.

 * M.E.

[SS]
 * Well, my email to you was to let you know that the matter had been

resolved. The one word edit was a test, to make sure I could edit again, and also a way of letting others know I had been unblocked. reading between my lines is a bad habit, people have a tendancy to fall between the cracks.

 * Jack

[my reply]
 * "and also a way of letting others know I had been unblocked". You mean that you want "others" to read between the lines, but not me?  yes, I see.

 * M.E.

[SS]
 * I want them to know I am not blocked. Alot of people interact with me,

and them thinking I am blocked isn't exactly handy. Obviously I feel it was a wrongful block, and that David's unblocking was warranted. The fact I chose not to rant about it could have said something to you, if you were looking for such things. You want mr to look bad, and so I do. The truth is I behaved as graciously and cautiously as I was able to do, particularly given the short amount of time I was unblocked. It would appear in hindsight that alerting you to my unblocking was more than you could handle. I had no idea you would revert war with an arbiter about it, but hey, we all live and learn.

 * Jack

[my reply]
 * Hmmm... so one revert of a block is a revert war, but four of your reverts are justified. Here's one standard, and -- hang on a minute -- yes, here's another.

 * M.E.

[SS]
 * Its all the same standard. Reverts are bad, I was wrong to revert so

many times. As I told David, I intended to dramatically reduce my actions of that variety. At this point however I am rethinking alot of things. I think I can do more for the project by getting you and a few others de-sysopped than by clarifying minor matters of NPOV.

 * Jack

[my reply]
 * Actually, you could do a lot more for Wikipedia by going and doing something else (there must be lots of marches and rallies to attend and Jewish cemeteries to defile), but that's just a personal opinion.

 * M.E.

[SS]
 * I doin't go to marches or rallies, and I don't defile cemetaries. That

you think my over 20,000 edits as a volunteer have been detrimental, and that you would choose to denigrate me personally with such graphic suggestions, these are reasons why you should not be an admin, and especially why you should not have been the blocking admin in this case.

 * Jack

[my reply
 * For someone who's so fond of being aggressive to others, you're amazingly easy to wind up. Splutter, splutter, whine, whine.  If my view of you were reason for me not to be an admin (gosh, you do think that Wikipedia revolves around you, don't you?), there's be precious few people not de-sysopped, and fewer qualified to take their places.  If you could only see my mail-box today.

 * M.E.

[SS]
 * Complaining about your abusing sysop powers to pursue a grudge is far from whiney. The failing on my part, as I see it, is having thought highly enough of you to attempt dialogue regarding it. I see now that such dialogue must be pursued elsewhere if it is to be of any fruit.

 * Jack


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Artwork 2b to 6b.jpg

Artwork 2b to 6b.jpg
I find this image beautiful, striking, shocking, impressive, titillating, fascinating, incredible, or in short just  brilliant . This image is used in pencil. The image was created by me, and now released to public domain - Oblivious 14:30, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Too much unused space. • Thorpe • 17:12, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It's never about the space, its bout the expression --Oblivious 17:58, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose. I just don't see what part of it belongs on FP. Deltabeignet 04:01, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. You are a good artist, keep it up. But I don't think artworks are FP material unless very old and rare. -- Silversmith  Hewwo 10:32, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose I agree with Silversmith. --Fir0002 22:07, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Aren't you all being a bit mean! Why shouldn't a modern piece of art be a Featured Pic? As for "unused space" the artist positioned the face as he wished, any less space and it wouldn't be set against the darkness. Finally I can easily see what part of it belongs on FP - all of it! - Adrian Pingstone 08:25, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok then, can you tell me which article this image is on? -- Silversmith Hewwo 13:13, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes I can, have a look at Pencil, which it beautifully illustrates - Adrian Pingstone 13:29, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you, I think it should be replaced as it is a very poor illustration of pencil, due to it's lack of variation. An illustration of pencil should show a very high quality drawing, with the maximum amount of variation in tone. Another reason why I will oppose. -- Silversmith  Hewwo 10:07, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes the drawing is a good representation of pencil artwork, and it should have a place on the Pencil page, but I can't see the justification of putting it in the "manufacture" category. Sure it's been drawn with a number of the "B" pencils, but a photo of the actual production of pencils would be a much better illustration. As for us "being a bit mean", this is a voting forum, and you have to say no sometimes. How else are you going to say that it doesn't cut it for you. What's the point in voting if you can't say "Oppose" without being called "mean"? We have to make sure that a Featured Picture is really a Featured Picture, and that we don't let standards drop. A "modern piece of art" can mean anything. I think my Dragon Watercolor is pretty good, but I know it doesn't illustrate art. I think (as I said before) that Featured Picture art should be only something by someone well known, old, or rare. I don't mean any offence to you Oblivious in saying that featured art should be only something by someone well known, and I think that your drawing is good (although it is bit low res), but it isn't Featured Picture material (IMO). --Fir0002 10:09, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Woah... people, people calm down. Its simply an oppose or a support. I can handle intense criticism and I perfectly do understand that people here come from different backgrounds, different cultures and with different areas of expertise! Therefore, an oppose doesn’t necessarily have to be a justifiable oppose, neither a support. However few responses ;)-  Silversmith  wrote : I think it should be replaced as it is a very poor illustration of pencil, due to it's lack of variation
 * Poor illustration? - Oh well, this is Modern art; meaning a new approach to art where it was no longer important to literally represent a subject (through painting or sculpture)
 * Lack of variation? - Would you also say The Scream lacks the variations? I mean from the available wide tones of colors Edvard Munch chose to use just few.

 * Silversmith also wrote:  An illustration of pencil should show a very high quality drawing high quality drawing? - Not necessarily! It depends on what you intend to draw/illustrate.

 * Happy voting! --Oblivious 20:17, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * If you look at the article on pencil, you will see a range of pencils. The drawing should be very gradational to illustrate the amount of variation that can be achieved.  This drawing lacks that variation.  It is also not a drawing that demonstates any a high level of skill or ability with pencil.  It would be better placed in a modern art article.  The Scream has nothing to do with this, except that this drawing did make me think of it. Inspired were you? -- Silversmith  Hewwo 22:03, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, and to show you what I think would be great for the article: One of the greatest draftsmen in history - M. C. Escher. -- Silversmith Hewwo 23:58, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Silversmith, this sentence - it is also not a drawing that demonstrates any skill or ability with pencil - is offensive. It may or may not be true but it remains offensively phrased. Please have more consideration for the artist - Adrian Pingstone 10:11, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I'm aware of that. But as a fellow artist I am more than familliar with the technique of critiquing work. If he wishes to be an artist, then he will hear far worse.  I will strike the word "any" though, as that part isn't true. Oblivious has obviously learnt some technical ability which the drawing displays. Of course I wouldn't have said any of the above if he hadn't been so arrogant in his challange. We shouldn't be having this conversation here anyway, and I would be willing to delete everything I have written - except for my vote - if Oblivious would as well. ? -- Silversmith  Hewwo 10:34, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I see more than few reasons why I should not respond to the thread furthur, when I read Civility. Nope, no need to strike-out or delete anything. Let the community read and witness. I find nothing offensive here. :)- ... Once again, Happy voting... and thanks for the professionally crafted criticism :)- --Oblivious 15:22, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

+2 / -7 -- Solipsist 06:54, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - liked it - but was like the Scream A curate's egg 19:48, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - not especially aesthetically pleasing, and could be much more illustrative of the article. Pictures that only implicitly illustrate something really ought to be quite something special. - Matthew Cieplak (talk) (edits) 20:58, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, nice drawing, but not particular featureworthy -- Chris 73 Talk 07:44, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Your crossing out of the words in the nomination text doesn't help your case. Enochlau 08:56, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Liberty Square (Magic Kingdom)

Liberty Square is one of six "themed lands" and is exclusive to the Magic Kingdom, a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida. Themed after colonial America, Liberty Square contains replicas of both the Liberty Bell and Liberty Tree. One of the most popular attractions in the Magic Kingdom, the Haunted Mansion, is located in this land. Presiding over the square is the Hall of presidents, an American history show featuring an audio-animatronic figure of every President of the United States. Liberty Square has a long waterfront on the Rivers of America and the Liberty Belle steam paddleboat departs from a landing here.

History
Originally conceived as an annex to Main Street U.S.A. for Disneyland in Anaheim, the idea was revisited when the Magic Kingdom was being designed in the late 1960s. The need arose for an area analogous to, but distinct from, New Orleans Square at Disneyland. Walt Disney Imagineering decided on an early American, eighteenth century theme, with special concentration on the American Revolutionary War, as the Bicentennial would occur soon in 1976.

Liberty Square opened as part of the Magic Kingdom and Walt Disney World's grand opening on October 1, 1971, as one of the original six themed lands. It is located in the northwest corner, bordering Fantasyland and Frontierland. The Square also has bridges to the park's central hub, as well as Adventureland. Forming its western border is the Rivers of America, on which the Liberty Belle travels. It is also the smallest land by guest area in the Magic Kingdom.

As of 2007, it is the only land yet to undergo a major refurbishment. All of the attractions, original from October 1, 1971, still exist in some form or another. No major additions have been made. The theming in the Square is comprehensive and accurate to the time period, from major architectural and engineering homages to the small antiques and artifacts peppered throughout the many attractions and dining locations.

On July 28, 2016, it was announced that a new live show, The Muppets Present…Great Moments in American History starring the Muppets, would be coming to the area outside Hall of presidents in October 2016. The show took place throughout the day, with the Muppets sharing their own take on American history and a new song. The show was discontinued in 2019.

Design

 * Liberty Square begins an architectural progression through history and geographically across the United States. This progression begins with the Haunted Mansion (1770s or '80s, upstate New York) and travels clockwise around the Rivers of America into Frontierland terminating at Big Thunder Mountain Railroad (1880s, southern California).
 * A replica of the House of Burgesses features Paul Revere's lanterns signifying "two if by sea" in an upstairs window.
 * The Liberty Tree is an actual 100-year-old oak found on the property and transplanted, with a younger oak grafted into the base.
 * The Liberty Bell replica was cast from the mold of the actual Liberty Bell in 1989. An urban legend falsely claims that it is one of two bells ever cast from this mold, however there are many others also cast from it. Yet another urban legend claims that this bell is the one that was cast for Pennsylvania, as one of the 50 cast for states in 1976. According to the legend, Pennsylvania gave it to Walt Disney World since they already had the original. However, Pennsylvania's replica is located in Allentown.
 * There are architectural representations of each of the original 13 colonies.
 * The state flags of each of the original 13 states, as well as the American flag, fly in a plaza in the center of Liberty Square.
 * The brown pavement is meant to represent human waste (urine and excrement) since there was no indoor plumbing in colonial times. Urban legend

Land details
Note: ▲ = Genie Plus / Lightning Lane available

Table-Service Restaurants
 * Liberty Tree Tavern – Americana colonial themed restaurant.

Quick-Service Food
 * Columbia Harbour House – a nautical-themed two-story quick service location.
 * Sleepy Hollow Refreshments – named after The Legend of Sleepy Hollow that was adapted into the 1949 Disney film The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad.
 * Liberty Square Market – an outdoor farmers market, the main location for turkey legs.

Attractions
 * The Hall of Presidents
 * Liberty Belle Riverboat

Rides
 * The Haunted Mansion ▲

Points of Interest
 * The Enchanted Glade Gazebo – located behind the Christmas Shoppe, primarily used for Character greetings.
 * Heritage House – formerly a gift shop, it now serves as a Guest Relations desk.
 * Replicas of the Liberty Tree and Liberty Bell are found in the center of Liberty Square.
 * Historic artifacts from various presidents and first ladies are on display in the lobby of the Hall of presidents.

Merchandise
 * Memento Mori – specializes in Haunted Manson merchandise.
 * Ye Old Christmas Shoppe – a year-round Disney Christmas store. The store features a personalized ornament station.
 * Liberty Square Parasol Cart – features specialty and custom parasols.
 * Liberty Square Caricature & Cameo Cart

Former

 * Admiral Joe Fowler Riverboat
 * Mike Fink Keel Boats
 * The Muppets Present...Great Moments in American History

title: Liberty Square (Magic Kingdom)


text:
Paul Judge

Sir Paul Rupert Judge (25 April 1949 – 21 May 2017) was an English business and political figure. He served as Chairman of the Royal Society of Arts, President of the Chartered Management Institute, and Deputy Chairman of the American Management Association. He also served as the Director General of the Conservative Party and a Ministerial Advisor to the Cabinet Office. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge.

Early life
As a child, Judge attended St Dunstan's College, an independent school in Catford, London. Following which he went up to study at Trinity College, Cambridge, after being awarded an Open Scholarship.

Later in life, he was appointed a Thouron Fellow at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. He maintained close ties to the University of Cambridge all his life and was major benefactor to the Cambridge Judge Business School, which is named in his honour.

Career
His early career was with Cadbury Schweppes, where he undertook a number of international postings and projects, and where he led the buyout of their food companies in 1985 to form Premier Brands which was successfully sold in 1989. In the 1990s he was Chairman of Food from Britain, Director General of the Conservative Party (1992–95) and a Ministerial Advisor to the Cabinet Office, resigning in 2009, disillusioned by scandals.

In the 2000s he was Chairman of the Royal Society of Arts and of Teachers TV, President of the Chartered Management Institute, Deputy Chairman of the American Management Association, a Director of Standard Bank Group of South Africa, which is Africa's largest bank and is quoted on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, and Master of the Worshipful Company of Marketors.

Appointments
Judge's honorary appointments included being an Alderman of the City of London, President of The Chartered Institute of Marketing and of the Association of MBAs, Chairman of the Enterprise Education Trust, of St Dunstan's College and of the British-Serbian Chamber of Commerce, UK Chairman of the British–North American Committee, a Special Adviser to the Royal Institute of International Affairs at Chatham House where he chaired the North American Advisory Council and a Member of the Council of the Crown Agents.

He was the President of Togo's International Advisory Council and was a member of the Advisory Board for HEC in Paris, for the Athens University of Economics and Business and for the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. He was an Emeritus Trustee of The Cambridge Foundation and a member of the University of Cambridge's Alumni Advisory Board (for which he chaired the University's Alumni Communications Group), and in 1990 he endowed £8 million to the University of Cambridge for the foundation of the Cambridge Judge Business School.

Judge was also a Member of the Finance Committee and of the Alumni Advisory Committee of Trinity College, Cambridge. From 2005 to 2008 he was Chair of the Teachers TV Board of Governors and from 2000 to 2009 was Chairman of the Marketing Standards Board.

UK commercial appointments
At his death, Judge was Chairman of Schroder Income Growth Fund, a European equity focused investment trust, a director of ENRC plc, whose main mining assets are in Kazakhstan, Southern Africa and Brazil, and of the United Kingdom Accreditation Service which is the government-sponsored umbrella body for International ISO and other standards in the UK.

As well as his career with Cadbury Schweppes, Judge previously was a main board director of the Boddington Group, Grosvenor Development Capital and the WPP Group. He was a member of the Advisory Board for Barclays Private Bank from 2000 to 2009.

Further international appointments
Judge was a Director of Tempur-Pedic International Inc. of Lexington, Kentucky, which is the biggest global mattress and bedding brand and is quoted on the New York Stock Exchange and of The Abraaj Group of Dubai, which is the world's leading emerging markets private equity group.

His honorary appointments included being the Chairman of the British-Serbian Chamber of Commerce, UK Chairman of the British–North American Committee, a Special Adviser to the Royal Institute of International Affairs at Chatham House and a Member of the Council of the Crown Agents and he was a member of the advisory board of OMFIF. He was a member of the President of Togo's International Advisory Council and on the Advisory Board for HEC in Paris, for the Athens University of Economics and Business and for the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.

He was previously Chairman of the Wharton Board for Europe, Middle East and Africa from 2001 to 2009 and on the Advisory Board for Lynka Promotional Solutions of Kraków.

Other honours
He was elected as Alderman of the City of London for the Ward of Tower in 2007 and served on the Corporation's Finance Committee. He was a Freeman of the City of London, Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Marketors and of the Worshipful Company of Clothworkers and a Court Assistant of the Company of Educators.

Judge was the Aldermanic Sheriff of the City of London for 2013–14.

He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, the Institute of Directors, The Chartered Institute of Marketing and the Marketing Society and a Companion of the Chartered Management Institute.

Judge had an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the University of Cambridge, an honorary Doctor of Letters from the University of Westminster, an honorary Doctor of Science from City University and an honorary doctorate from the University of Belgrade in Serbia. He was an Honorary Professor of the Cyprus International Institute of Management and of the Sinerghia Institute of Moscow. In the 1996 New Year Honours he was knighted for political and public service. On 17 December 2013 Judge was appointed a Brother of the Order of St John by Queen Elizabeth II.

Cambridge Judge Business School
In 1990, the University of Cambridge announced that it would be naming its world-ranking business school after Judge, a British businessman and Cambridge alumnus. Judge provided an endowment of £8 million to the University as a financial foundation for the Cambridge Judge Business School. At the time, this was one of the largest donations to any British university, though subsequent endowments have grown progressively larger. He was an Emeritus Trustee of the Cambridge Foundation and a member of the University of Cambridge's Alumni Advisory Board (for which he chaired the University's Alumni Communications Group).

Judge maintained an active presence at the University of Cambridge throughout his life, serving in a number of positions and working with his business colleagues to help make the University of endowment the largest of any university outside the United States. Judge was also a Member of the Finance Committee and of the Alumni Advisory Committee of Trinity College.

Independent political movement
On 8 March 2009 Judge launched a new political movement aimed at promoting independent thought and open governance, termed the Jury Team. The organisation was designed to promote independent candidates with no party allegiance.

Personal life and death
He married Jane Urquart at Trinity College Chapel on 10 July 1976, and their divorce was finalised on 24 April 1980. He subsequently, in 1983, married Anne Foff: that marriage ended in 2001. In 2002 he married Barbara Singer Thomas, chairman of the Pension Protection Fund. He had two sons from his marriage to Anne. Judge died on 21 May 2017, aged 68.

Following Judge's death, numerous tributes were written to him from the marketing industry, the Association of MBAs and entrepreneurs he had supported.

title: Paul Judge


text: User talk:213.10.102.209

title: User talk:213.10.102.209


text: User:The Brain of Morbius/Template:Infobox afl player


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Hainanese

Hainanese (Hainan Romanised: Hái-nâm-oe, Hainanese Pinyin: Hhai3 nam2 ue1, ), also known as Qiongwen or Qiongyu, is a group of  Min Chinese varieties spoken in the far southern Chinese island province of Hainan and regional Overseas Chinese communities such as in Singapore and Thailand.

In the classification of Yuan Jiahua, it was included in the Southern Min group, being mutually unintelligible with other Southern Min varieties such as Hokkien–Taiwanese and Teochew. In the classification of Li Rong, used by the Language Atlas of China, it was treated as a separate Min subgroup. Hou Jingyi combined it with Leizhou Min, spoken on the neighboring mainland Leizhou Peninsula, in a Qiong–Lei group. "Hainanese" is also used for the language of the Li people living in Hainan, but generally refers to Min varieties spoken in Hainan.

Phonology
The phonologies of the different varieties of Hainanese are highly divergent, with the Wenchang dialect being the prestige dialect, and often used as a reference.

Consonants
Below is a table for the consonants of Hainanese across the dialects of Wenchang, Haikou and Banqiao. For more information on a specific variety, please consult the relevant article.

Many of the most widely spoken varieties of Hainanese notably have a series of implosive consonants, and, which were acquired through contact with surrounding languages, probably Hlai. However, more conservative varieties of Hainanese such as Banqiao remain closer to Teochew and other varieties of Southern Min, lack them.

The consonant system of Hainanese corresponds well with that of Hokkien, but it has had some restructuring. In particular:
 * Etymological plain stops have undergone implosivization (*p >, *t > ) in the more innovative varieties such as Wenchang and Haikou.
 * Etymological aspirated stops have spirantized (*pʰ >, *tʰ > , *tsʰ > , *kʰ > ) in more innovative varieties.
 * The lenition of an historic *b into in Banqiao and Haikou, though not in Wenchang.
 * Former *s has hardened into a stop (*s > ), although in the more conservative Banqiao dialect some instances have only undergone fortition to (*s > ), and others have remained.
 * Former *h has become in Wenchang.

Additionally, is an allophone of.

These changes also make Hainanese fairly close to Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary.

Vowels
Hainanese has seven phonemic vowels.

Hainanese Pinyin
Hainanese Pinyin (海南话拼音方案) is a phonetic system announced by the Education Administration Department of Guangdong Province in September 1960. It marks tones with numbers.

title: Hainanese


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