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Orchard MRT station

Orchard MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station in Singapore, on the North South (NSL) and Thomson–East Coast (TEL) lines. Situated along Orchard Boulevard and underneath ION Orchard, the station serves various commercial and retail developments of the Orchard Road shopping district, including Liat Towers, Ngee Ann City, Wheelock Place, Wisma Atria and Shaw House, among others.

Initially announced as Scotts MRT station, it was renamed Orchard Boulevard and subsequently Orchard. The station was included in the early plans for the original MRT network in 1982, and opened as part of the NSL extension to Outram Park station on 12 December 1987. In August 2012, it was announced that Orchard station would serve as an interchange with the TEL. Initially expected to be completed in 2021, the TEL platforms opened on 13 November 2022 as part of TEL Stage 3 (TEL3).

The design of Orchard station was intended as a showpiece of the initial MRT network, incorporating a circular concourse with a radial granite floor design. The TEL platforms feature an overhead series of stainless steel panels that reflects the movements of commuters. As part of the MRT network's Art-in-Transit programme, the station features Scotts Road / Orchard Road from ION Sky by Mintio.

North South Line
What was then known as Scotts station was devised as part of the earliest plans for the MRT network in May 1982. Scotts was renamed Orchard Boulevard in November that year, before the station name was finalised as Orchard station in September 1984. Orchard station was to be constructed as part of the Phase I MRT segment from the Novena to Outram Park stations, which was scheduled to be completed by December 1987. Phase I was given priority as it passed through areas that had a higher demand for public transport, such as the densely populated housing estates of Toa Payoh and Ang Mo Kio and the Central Area. The line aimed to relieve the traffic congestion on the Thomson–Sembawang road corridor.

The contract for the construction of Orchard station and 2 km of tunnels from Newton to Somerset stations was awarded to a joint venture between Borie SAE and Ong Chwee Kou Building Contractors Limited for S$78.8 million(US$ million in ) in October 1983. The station was to be constructed on the site of the former Orchard Road police station. On 10 May 1984, Orchard Turn, a slip road connecting Orchard Boulevard to Orchard Road, was realigned to facilitate MRT construction works.

Train services commenced on 12 December 1987 when the MRT extension to Outram Park station was completed. The station was part of a route that ran continuously from Yishun station in the north to Lakeside station in the west. On 28 October 1989, it began serving the North South line (NSL) when MRT operations were split. A linkway to the Tangs department store opened on 18 June 1991, following a delay due to a dispute between developers of Tangs and the Public Works Department. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher visited Orchard station on 31 July 1988 as part of her official trip to Singapore.

Thomson–East Coast Line
Orchard station was announced as an interchange station with the planned 22-station Thomson line (TSL) on 29 August 2012. The contract for the design and construction of the TEL and associated tunnels was awarded to a joint venture between Penta-Ocean Construction Co Ltd and Bachy Soletanche Singapore Pte Ltd for S$498 million (US$ million) in July 2014. Construction started in 2014, with a completion date initially set for 2021.

On 15 August 2014, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) announced that the TSL would merge with the Eastern Region line to form the Thomson–East Coast line (TEL). Orchard station was set to be constructed as part of TEL 3, which consisted of 13 stations between Mount Pleasant and Gardens by the Bay. With restrictions imposed on the delivery of material and manpower for the station's construction due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the TEL3 completion date was delayed by one year to 2022.

The pipe-roofing method was used to construct the linkway between the TEL and NSL platforms. Installing the interlocking steel pipes to form a box tunnel required the first use of a retractable micro-tunnel boring machine in Singapore. This method was used to minimise impacts on traffic and on building structures above ground. The new box structure underneath the existing NSL station was constructed via the mining and underpinning method, employing specialised equipment that could drill in limited spaces and all directions. The LTA had to coordinate with station operator SMRT to minimise disruptions to NSL operations, with mining works carried out strictly according to approved designs and methods.

On 9 March 2022, S. Iswaran, Transport Minister, announced in Parliament that TEL 3 would open in the second half of that year. As confirmed during a visit by Iswaran at the Outram Park and Maxwell stations on 7 October 2022,  the TEL platforms began operations on 13 November.

Details
Orchard station is an interchange station on the NSL and TEL; the official station code is NS22/TE14. On the NSL, the station is between Newton and Somerset stations, while on the TEL, it is between Orchard Boulevard and Great World stations. Trains on the NSL run every 2 to 5 minutes, while trains on the TEL run approximately every 3 to 6 minutes. Being part of the NSL and TEL, the station is operated by SMRT Trains.

Located along Orchard Boulevard, the station has thirteen entrances that serve various retail and commercial developments in the Orchard area. The station serves surrounding shopping centres including Far East Plaza, ION Orchard, Liat Towers, Lucky Plaza, Shaw House, Tang Plaza, Wisma Atria, Wheelock Place and Ngee Ann City, along with other landmarks such as Mount Elizabeth Hospital and the Royal Thai Embassy.

North–South Line
The station incorporates a general colour scheme of pink, red and grey. Intended to be the "showpiece" of the MRT system, the Orchard NSL station adopted a "bold" design, since it was to be the focal point of the tourist belt. As such, symmetrical and circular motifs were incorporated into the design, which included a dome over the station's circular concourse—the heart of the station's design. Supported by cylindrical columns, the dome was 11.5 m in diameter with a height of 5.5 m, consisting of 160 triangular panels in grey. However, the dome was removed on 15 January 2008 with the ION Orchard development. The concourse has a radial granite floor design in specially-cut concentric pattern produced with the juxtaposition of two varieties of granite.

Two elliptical voids provide access from the concourse to the platforms. Like many stations on the initial MRT network, the NSL station has an island platform. Due to space constraints resulting in a smaller station box, the mechanical rooms are located within the public area of the platforms.

Thomson–East Coast Line
Designed by SAA Architecture, the TEL station was intended to remain a distinctive transport hub in the Orchard shopping district while being integrated with the existing NSL station and surrounding developments. To improve wayfinding, the walls of the linkway to the NSL station were adorned in red and white pixelated prints, with the station platform and concourse in various shades of red. The stainless steel panels on the station ceiling reflect the constant movement of commuters, symbolising the vibrancy of the Orchard area. To blend into natural surroundings and minimise the impact on heritage trees, the five additional entrances of the TEL station were built into slopes and kept at a low height. The TEL station was constructed at a depth of 30 m.

Scotts Road and Orchard Road from ION Sky by Mintio are displayed at this station as part of the Art-in-Transit programme—a showcase of public artworks on the MRT network. Scotts Road is a panoramic photo captured from ground level depicting the street. Displayed across the concourse level, the photo is created using a single roll of film with multiple exposures, providing commuters a glimpse of the vibrant shopping district. Another piece featured in the station, Orchard Road from ION Sky, depicts the abstraction of night lights taken from the highest point of Orchard Road (ION Sky).

title: Orchard MRT station


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/PC Load Letter

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS; default to keep. -- Jonel | Speak 07:45, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

PC Load Letter
Neologism from a movie. Delete. Alphax τεχ 05:32, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge into Office Space. --SPUI (talk) 05:34, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge (Changed mind: Keep) - It is a tough decision. (Keep or Merge) "PC Load Letter" is a notable phrase in a cult movie. (Slashdot's references it a lot especially with the "IT" post icon, the red stapler) It is not a neologism. It is a printer/copier machine phrase, too. However, it is probably best known because of Office Space. --Chill Pill Bill 06:02, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Not voting because I don't know the particular phrase. But in any event, it needs to be cleaned up, whether kept or merged.  ral  315  07:34, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Office Space article already covers this more than adequately. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:05, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Office Space --Xcali 14:26, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Office Space. Please, no articles on snippets of movie dialogue, unless the snippet is more notable than the movie itself (and I can't think of one offhand). -- BD2412 talk 14:29, 2005 Jun 15 (UTC)
 * Comment: "Judy, Judy, Judy" -supposedly Cary Grant, only known from many impressions of the man. Actually he never said the words in any movie . --Tony Sidaway|Talk 15:11, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * keep this please do not merge it is popular with 25-thousand google hits and informative and well written too Yuckfoo 18:24, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge Unless someone creates a disambiguation page for Michael Bolton... OK, just kidding - Merge regardless. Would a redirect make any sense? --Habap 19:23, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Bowed tendon

Tendinitis/tendonitis is inflammation of a tendon, often involving torn collagen fibers. A bowed tendon is a horseman's term for a tendon after a horse has sustained an injury that causes swelling in one or more tendons creating a "bowed" appearance.

Description of tendinitis in horses
Tendinitis usually involves disruption of the tendon fibers. It is most commonly seen in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in a front leg—the tendon that runs down the back of the leg, closest to the surface. Tendinitis creating a "bow" is uncommon in the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) of a front leg, but is not uncommon in the pastern and foot regions. Tendinitis of the SDFT or DDFT in the hind leg is less common.

When the SDFT is damaged, there is a thickening of the tendon, giving it a bowed appearance when the leg is viewed from the side. Bows usually occur in the middle of the tendon region, although they may also be seen in the upper third, right below the knee or hock (high bows), and lower third, just above the fetlock (low bows).

Excessive Strain
Excessive strain on a tendon can damage its collagen fibers. This is most commonly seen in performance horses that gallop or jump, who usually strain a tendon as a result of fetlock overextension when their weight is loaded on one leg. The overextension of the fetlock causes overstretching of the flexor tendons, resulting in the rupture of tendon fibers. Horses in intense training, especially those that were not conditioned properly, may damage many collagen fibers. This may occur gradually or suddenly.

After the fibers are torn, the tendon hemorrhages and collects fluid (edema), creating swelling and lameness in the area as well as increasing the pressure. The increase in pressure may damage the tendon further by destroying the cross-linking of undamaged collagen fibers and preventing the flow of blood to the area.

The SDFT
The middle third of the SDFT is most likely to suffer from tendinitis for several reasons.

The SDFT is narrower in its middle third than its top or bottom sections, making it weaker. The top and bottom of the SDFT has a better supply of blood as well, with the top third supplied by the vessels from the knee, and the bottom third supplied by the vessels in the fetlock. The middle third has a poor supply of blood, relying on the tiny vessels of the peritendon (the membrane that surrounds the tendons). If this supply is for some reason compromised, the collagen fibers in the area may die, weakening the tendon in that area and making it more likely to tear.

The SDFT branches below the fetlock, creating a sling under the back of the joint. Thus, overextension of the fetlock is more likely to overstretch the SDFT than the DDFT, which simply travels straight down behind the fetlock and pastern, to attach to the coffin bone.

Other Factors

 * Poor conformation: long, sloping pasterns and a long-toe, low-heel shape to the hoof (seen commonly in Thoroughbreds) predisposes a horse to tendinitis.
 * Poor trimming and shoeing: such as a farrier that causes a hoof shape that predisposed the horse to tendon injuries (such as a long-toe and low-heel), or one that shoes a horse with toe grabs, which artificially create a long-toe and low heel by lifting the toe up.
 * Improper conditioning: such as working a horse at an intensity that it has not yet been conditioned for, working an unfit horse, and continuing to work an extremely fatigued horse.
 * Poor footing: working a horse on uneven or slippery footing can cause tendon strain, as well as deep, “thick” footing.

Each of these factors encourage the overextension of the fetlock and knee during work. Several of these factors at once can add up.

 * Direct trauma to a tendon: such as when a horse hits its front leg with a hind hoof.

Bandage bows
Bandage bows are caused by applying a bandage too tightly, creating an acute pressure injury to the tendons. The compression may cause the area to swell once the bandage is removed, giving a "bowed" appearance. However, the damage is often just to the skin and not to the tendon itself, but tendon injury can occur from impaired blood flow.

Horses with bandage bows usually respond to sweats or poultices. These treatments must be applied under a bandage that is not tightly fitted and the bandage should only be left on for a few hours. Cold hosing, NSAIDs and DMSO may also help.

Signs of tendinitis in horses
Signs of acute tendinitis include swelling, heat, and pain when the affected area is palpated. If mild, swelling may not be readily apparent, although there will still be heat and pain in the area, as well as mild lameness. If more severe, the injury is usually accompanied by moderate lameness (2-3 on a scale of 5) with obvious swelling.

It is important not only to palpate the SDFT but the branches of the SDFT, the DDFT, check ligament, and suspensory ligament as well. These structures could have been damaged at the same time as the SDFT. Both legs should be checked, although tendinitis usually only occurs in one leg.

When the tendon is healed, it will still have a thickened, bowed appearance that feels firm and woody. However, all heat, lameness, and pain should disappear.

Treatment of tendinitis in horses
Initial treatment of a bowed tendon should concentrate on anti-inflammatory therapies, including cold water or ice therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications on the direction of a veterinarian. The horse should be confined to a small area until the severity of the injury can be assessed with ultrasound. Standing bandages are helpful, but care should be taken to avoid applying them too tightly.

Controlled exercise
Generally speaking, the most important aspect of long-term therapy is controlling the level of exercise. A balance must be struck between two competing ideas:
 * The injured tendon is weakened, making it prone to further injury with excessive exercise.
 * Tendons strengthen along lines of tension, which requires exercise.

For the first several months, large area turnout is discouraged, since even a small amount of running or playing could easily re-injure the weakened tendon. As the tendon heals, it is loaded in increasing amounts. The use of diagnostic ultrasonography is extremely valuable in guiding changes in workload.

Adjunctive therapies
Many adjunctive therapies have been attempted to improve the quality of healing or to speed the recovery process. There is no consensus in the veterinary community as to which treatments are the most effective.
 * A tissue regenerating bioscaffold material, being developed by TR BioSurgical, has unique properties that permits angiogenesis and produces fetal-like repair mechanisms, known to be involved in tissue turnover and repair. The new bioscaffold is currently being evaluated for a variety of connective tissue disorders in veterinary medicine. The bioscaffold structure is responsible for its non-immunogenic property and its ability to upregulate a variety of genes involved in tissue repair, as evidenced by gene microarray analysis and lead to a fetal like or regenerative tissue response.  Depending on the tissue type, cells that bind to this bioscaffold will have significant, measurable increases in select tissue repair factors, including aggrecan, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factors (TGF-β1 and TBF-β3), bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) and other repair factors.  These factors are important for cellular ingrowth, extracellular matrix turnover,  scarless wound healing, and sustained vasculogenesis.
 * Carbon fiber implants have been proven to be ineffective: these fibers are extremely strong, but inflexible, causing increased strain on adjacent normal tissue.
 * Surgical drainage (tendon splitting) of core lesion tissue is controversial, but likely has some benefit in the early phases where the tear is filled with fluid. Once the lesion has granulated, this procedure is of questionable benefit.
 * Extracorporeal shockwave therapy is now more commonly used as an adjunctive therapy.
 * Proximal check ligament desmotomy has been shown to return horses to work faster, but is thought by some to predispose to suspensory ligament injury.
 * Mesenchymal stem cells, derived from the affected horse's bone marrow or fat are currently being used as a potential therapy for SDFT tendinitis and other injuries.

Prognosis of tendinitis in horses
The prognosis for return to full work depends on:

 * The damage to the tendon: if there was not obvious disruption of the tendon fibers, or if the damage was minimal and healed quickly and completely, the horse has a better prognosis for returning to full work.
 * The treatment used: horses with moderate or severe tendinitis have a better prognosis if managed conservatively (rested, brought back to work slowly), with about 50-60 percent returning to training. If they undergo surgery and are rehabilitated correctly, up to 70-80 percent return to full work.
 * Use of the horse: horses that are used for athletic events that strain their tendons (eventing, racing) are less likely to return to their previous level of performance than those in less strenuous work (dressage, pleasure and trail riding).
 * New treatments developed by VetCell Bioscience Ltd. and Vet-Stem involve the use of autologous mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate torn tendons.

The best way to ensure that an injured horse returns to full work is to rehabilitate the animal correctly. This includes slowly bringing the horse back into training, and giving the horse light exercise each day as the tendon is healing. An impatient trainer who rushes to bring the horse back to intense training is likely to cause re-injury of the tendon.

Prevention of bowing and reducing the risk of re-injury to tendons

 * Checking the Legs: especially after hard work, it is important to feel each leg for swelling and heat, and to palpate it for pain.
 * Correct Trimming and Shoeing: a good farrier will trim the horse's feet correctly, preserving the pastern-hoof angle, and will properly support the horse’s heels.
 * Bandaging: using properly applied exercise bandages can help prevent the overextension of the fetlock.
 * Correct Conditioning: with a base of long, slow distance work, and a fitness schedule that is not increased too rapidly.
 * Suspending Training: if any sign of heat, swelling, or pain is detected.

title: Bowed tendon


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John Bradley

John Bradley may refer to:

Entertainment

 * J. Robert Bradley (1919–2007), American gospel singer
 * John Bradley (American actor) (born 1960), American television actor
 * John Bradley (English actor) (born 1988), British actor from Game of Thrones

Sports

 * Jack Bradley (baseball) (1893–1969), American baseball player
 * Jack Bradley (footballer) (1916–2002), English footballer
 * John Bradley (Australian footballer) (born 1943), Australian rules footballer for Footscray
 * John Bradley (drag racer) (1925–2012), American drag racer and land speed racer

Military

 * Jack T. Bradley (1918–2000), United States Army Air Forces pilot
 * John Bradley (RAF officer) (1888–1982)
 * John Bradley (United States Navy) (1923–1994), Navy Cross recipient, WW II, flag raiser Iwo Jima
 * John A. Bradley (born c. 1945), United States Air Force lieutenant general
 * John Jewsbury Bradley (1869–1948), United States Army officer

Other

 * John Bradley (ironmaster) (1769–1816), English industrialist who set up the Stourbridge Ironworks
 * John Bradley (d. 1844) (1787–1844), British artist and drawing-master to the Brontës
 * John Bradley (artist) ( 1830–1840), British-American artist
 * John Bradley (Wisconsin politician) (1817–1902), Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
 * John Bradley (bishop), 16th-century English bishop
 * John Bradley (doctor) (1917–2004), Canadian doctor
 * John Bradley (Australian politician) (1844–1900), Australian politician
 * John Courtland Bradley (1887–1964), physician and politician in Ontario, Canada
 * John E. Bradley (born 1971), Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives
 * John J. Bradley (1831–1891), New York politician
 * John R. Bradley (born 1970), British author and journalist
 * John Bradley (historian) (1954–2014), Irish historian

title: John Bradley


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Mr. Arkadin

Mr. Arkadin (first released in Spain, 1955), known in Britain as Confidential Report, is a French-Spanish-Swiss co-production film noir, written and directed by Orson Welles and shot in several Spanish locations, including Costa Brava, Segovia, Valladolid, and Madrid. Filming took place throughout Europe in 1954, and scenes shot outside Spain include locations in London, Munich, Paris, the French Riviera, and at the Château de Chillon in Switzerland.

Plot
Guy Van Stratten, a small-time American smuggler working in Europe, seeks out a Munich resident named Jakob Zouk to warn him about a plot against his life. Zouk is terminally ill and receives the news with apathy, so Stratten explains his personal reasons for wanting to keep Zouk alive. His narrative is accompanied by scenes in flashback.

Stratten’s story begins in Naples, where he gets a tip that Gregory Arkadin, a famous international oligarch of Russian heritage, possesses a dark secret centered on the name “Sophie”. Stratten and his girlfriend and accomplice Mily travel to Arkadin’s castle in Spain, hoping to use this meager information for blackmail. By striking up a friendship with Arkadin's daughter Raina, seemingly the only person for whom Arkadin feels affection, Stratten gets himself invited into the castle.

Arkadin has already learned of Stratten and Mily’s interest in him, and of the couple’s criminal history. Instead of turning them away he openly offers to pay for information about his past, which has been blotted out by amnesia. Arkadin says that in 1927 he woke up in a square in Switzerland, with a large sum of money in his pocket and no memory of his identity or past career. He successfully rebuilt his life, but is troubled by not knowing how it began; Stratten impresses him as sufficiently discreet and enterprising to find out.

Arkadin takes Mily on a yacht cruise, while Stratten travels the world searching for clues. He communicates periodically with Raina and a romance forms between the two, much to Arkadin’s displeasure. From interviews with a strange series of people—the proprietor of a flea circus, a junk-shop owner, an impoverished noblewoman in Paris, and a heroin addict he tortures with withdrawal—Stratten learns that the pre-1927 Arkadin was involved in a sex trafficking ring in Warsaw, abducting girls and selling them into prostitution in South America. "Sophie" is the former leader of the ring and Arkadin's old girlfriend, from whom he stole the money that he found in his pocket in Switzerland. She proves to be a relaxed, tolerant woman who remembers Arkadin with affection and has no intention of publicizing his past.

In the closing stages of the investigation, Stratten discovers that Arkadin has been following him and visiting all the witnesses. He confers with Raina, who startles him by saying that her father does not have amnesia; the entire pretext for hiring Stratten was a fraud.

Stratten attends Arkadin's Christmas Eve party in Munich, where he learns the real purpose of his investigation. Arkadin wished to cover up his criminal past, fearing especially that Raina might learn of it and cease to love him. He used Stratten to locate people possessing potentially dangerous evidence, all of whom have been murdered. Mily is also dead and Stratten has been framed for killing her, with the implication that he too will be silenced before the police catch him. Stratten hastens to find Jakob Zouk, the last surviving member of the sex trafficking ring, hoping to use him as some kind of weapon against Arkadin. Zouk grudgingly consents to go into hiding, but Arkadin soon traces him and has him stabbed to death.

Stratten makes a desperate new plan and buys the last seat on a plane to Barcelona. Raina has agreed to meet him at the airport; there he intends to reveal her father's secret, in the hope that this will break Arkadin’s spirit and make him abandon the plot. Arkadin realizes what Stratten is doing and pursues him in a private plane. Stratten and Raina connect at the airport, but she is almost immediately summoned to the control tower to talk to her father on the radio. With no time to explain, Stratten convinces her to say "it's too late". The lie fills Arkadin with despair, and he commits suicide by hurling himself out of his plane.

Ultimately Raina cannot condemn Stratten for the death of her father, but their love affair is at an end. She arranges for an old boyfriend to drive her away from the airport, leaving Stratten alone.

Cast

 * Orson Welles as Gregory Arkadin
 * Robert Arden as Guy Van Stratten
 * Patricia Medina as Mily
 * Paola Mori as Raina Arkadin
 * Akim Tamiroff as Jakob Zouk
 * Michael Redgrave as Burgomil Trebitsch
 * Grégoire Aslan as Bracco
 * Jack Watling as Bob, the Marquess of Rutleigh
 * Mischa Auer as the Professor
 * Peter van Eyck as Thaddeus
 * Annabel Buffet as the woman with a baguette in Paris
 * Suzanne Flon as Baroness Nagel
 * Frederick O'Brady as Oskar
 * Katina Paxinou as Sophie Radzweickz Martinez
 * Tamara Shayne as the woman who hides Zouk
 * Terence Longdon as Mr. Arkadin's Secretary
 * Gert Fröbe as a Munich Detective
 * Eduard Linker as a Munich Policeman
 * Manuel Requena as Jesus Martinez
 * Gordon Heath as the pianist in the Cannes bar

Additionally, Welles dubbed several vocal parts (including Mischa Auer's lines), and actress Billie Whitelaw dubbed Paola Mori's dialogue to cover her thick Italian accent.

Production
The story was based on several episodes of the radio series The Lives of Harry Lime, which in turn was based on the character that Welles portrayed in The Third Man. The main inspiration for the plot was the episode entitled "Man of Mystery," though some elements may have been lifted from an episode of the radio show Ellery Queen entitled "The Case of the Number Thirty-One," chiefly the similar-sounding name George Arkaris, the mysterious birthplace, the French Riviera property, and the Spanish castle. Most of the other key elements for Arkadin's character come from a real-life arms dealer, Basil Zaharoff.

In an interview for the BBC's Arena series first shown in 1982, Welles described Mr. Arkadin as the "biggest disaster" of his life because of his loss of creative control. The film was not released in the United States until 1962.

Countess Paola Di Girfalco, who played the role of Arkadin's daughter under her stage name of Paola Mori, become Welles's third wife in 1955, some time during the film's production. The film started Welles's longtime relationship with Spain, where he lived for several periods in his life.

Released in some parts of Europe as Confidential Report, this film shares themes and stylistic devices with The Third Man (1949).

Multiple versions of the film
Several differing versions of the film were released. In his 1991 essay "The Seven Arkadins", film historian Jonathan Rosenbaum identified seven different versions of the story, and since its initial publication, two more versions have emerged, including a novel and a stage play. When Welles missed an editing deadline, producer Louis Dolivet took the film out of his hands and released several edits of the film, none of which were approved by Welles. Adding to the confusion is a novel of the same title that was credited to Welles, though Welles claimed that he was unaware of the book's existence until he saw a copy in a bookshop. Welles's friend Maurice Bessy, a French screenwriter, is generally considered to be the author of the novel.

The "seven versions"
In his 1991 essay "The Seven Arkadins", film historian Jonathan Rosenbaum identified seven different versions of the story, and since the essay's initial publication, two more versions have emerged.

Pre-film
1. Three episodes of the radio series The Lives of Harry Lime, written, directed by and starring Welles. The basic plot of a wealthy Mr. Arkadian (spelt with three As in this version) commissioning a confidential report on his former life can be found in the episode "Man of Mystery" (first broadcast 11 April 1952), while the episode "Murder on the Riviera" (first broadcast 23 May 1952) and the final episode "Greek Meets Greek" (first broadcast 25 July 1952) both contain plot elements repeated in the film. Note that in the film, the popular Harry Lime character from The Third Man is replaced by the less sympathetic Guy Van Stratten, since Welles did not own the copyright to the Lime character as character rights had been bought by Harry Alan Towers for the Lives of Harry Lime radio series.

2. Masquerade, an early version of the screenplay of what would eventually become Mr. Arkadin, has substantial differences from the film versions. The screenplay follows a strictly chronological structure rather than the back-and-forth structure of the film. Many of the scenes in the film are set in different countries, and a lengthy sequence in Mexico is entirely missing from the final film.

Different edits of the film released in Welles' life
Crucially, none of the versions available before 2006 contained all the footage found in the others; each had some elements missing from other versions, and each has substantial editing differences from the others.

3. The main Spanish-language version of Mr. Arkadin (93 mins) was filmed back-to-back with the English-language version and was the first to be released, premiering in Madrid in March 1955. Although the cast and crew were largely the same, two characters were played by Spanish actors: Amparo Rivelles plays Baroness Nagel and Irene Lopez Heredia plays Sophie Radzweickz Martinez. The two scenes with the actresses were reshot in Spanish, but all others had Spanish dubbing over English dialogue. This version credits Robert Arden as "Bob Harden".

4. There is a second, longer Spanish-language cut of Mr. Arkadin, which was unknown to Rosenbaum at the time he wrote The Seven Arkadins. (He confessed in the essay to having seen only brief clips of one version.) This version credits Robert Arden as "Mark Sharpe".

5. Confidential Report (98 mins), the most common European release print of Mr. Arkadin, premiered in London in August 1955. Differences to this version include off-screen narration from Van Stratten. Rosenbaum speculates that the editing of this version was based on an early draft of Welles' screenplay, as its exposition is far simpler than that of the "Corinth" version.

6. The "Corinth" version (99 mins) is named after Corinth Films, the initial U.S. distributor of the film. Until the 2006 re-edit, it was believed to be the closest version to Welles' conception. Peter Bogdanovich discovered its existence in 1961 and secured its first U.S. release in 1962, seven years after alternative versions of the film were released in Europe.

7. The most widely seen version of Mr. Arkadin (95 mins) is the U.S. release version which entirely removes the film's flashback structure and presents a simpler, linear narrative. Rosenbaum describes it as "the least satisfactory version", which is a "clumsily truncated" edit of the "Corinth" version, often editing out half-sentences, making some dialogue incomprehensible.

This version is often erroneously thought of as being in the public domain but as the film is a European co-production its copyright does not expire until 2068, seventy years after the 1998 death of the last surviving co-creator, composer Paul Misraki. The vast majority of DVD releases are very poor quality bootlegs of the US version.

An 8th - Novelization
8. The novel Mr. Arkadin was first published in French in Paris in 1955, and then in English in 1956, both in London and New York. Welles was credited as author, and the book's dustjacket boasted: "It is perhaps surprising that Orson Welles … has not written a novel before."

"I didn't write one word of that novel. Nor have I ever read it," Welles told Peter Bogdanovich. "Somebody wrote it in French to be published in serial form in the newspapers. You know — to promote the picture. I don't know how it got under hardcovers, or who got paid for that." It was serialised in the U.K. newspaper the Daily Express in 1955.

Welles always denied authorship of the book, and French actor-writer Maurice Bessy, who is credited as having translated the book into French, was long rumoured to be the real author. Rosenbaum suggested that the book was written in French and then translated into English, as lines from the script were approximations that seemed to have been translated from English to French and back to English. Research by film scholar François Thomas in the papers of Louis Dolivet has uncovered documentary proof that Bessy was indeed the author.

The 9th - Criterion edit (2006)
9. Whilst no version of the film can claim to be definitive as Welles never finished editing the film, this version (105 mins) is likely the closest to Welles's original vision, though the creators of this restored version express their doubts as to the "correctness" of altering another artist's work. It was compiled in 2006 by Stefan Drössler of the Munich Film Museum and Claude Bertemes of the Cinémathèque municipale de Luxembourg, with both Peter Bogdanovich and Jonathan Rosenbaum giving technical assistance. It uses all available English-language footage, and attempts to follow Welles's structure and editing style as closely as possible and also incorporates his comments over the years on where the other editions of the film went wrong. However, it remains an approximation; for instance, Welles remarked that his version of the film began with a woman's body (Mily) on a beach, including a close-up that makes her identity apparent. Whilst the Criterion edit restores the film opening on a woman's body on the beach, only a long shot exists (taken from the Corinth version) in which it is unclear whose body it is; no close-up of Mily could be used, as the footage no longer exists.

The Criterion Collection release includes the following:
 * The "Corinth" version of the film
 * The Confidential Report version of the film
 * Commentary tracks by Welles film scholars Jonathan Rosenbaum and James Naremore
 * A copy of the novel
 * Clips from one of the Spanish-language versions
 * The three Harry Lime radio episodes on which the film was based

The Criterion Collection release is now out of print.

Reception
Japanese film director Shinji Aoyama listed Confidential Report as one of the greatest films of all time. In 2012 he said, "No other movie is destructive as Confidential Report, which gives me different emotions every time I see it. Achieving this kind of indetermination in a film is the highest goal that I always hope for, but can never achieve."

Filmmaker Christopher Nolan stated in his Criterion Top 10 from 2013, "No one could make much of a case for Welles’ abortive movie overall" but that the film contains "heartbreaking glimpses of the great man’s genius".

title: Mr. Arkadin


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Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/June 21, 2005

Er... what happened here?! The main page seems to have been deleted! - Ta bu shi da yu 05:34, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * You deleted it and saved a blank version over it. I have fixed it. →Raul654 05:37, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

The link to Roman Catholic should be Roamn Catholic to change a redirect. Dralwik My project -

This needs to link to the spoken version at Image:Anne of Great Britain.ogg. Joe D (t) 00:39, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/June 21, 2005

Anne became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702. Anne's life was marked by many crises relating to succession to the Crown. Her Roman Catholic father, James II, had been forcefully deposed in 1688; her sister and brother-in-law then became Queen and King as Mary II and William III. The failure of Anne and of her sister to produce a child who could survive into adulthood precipitated a succession crisis, which ultimately produced the Act of Union 1707. When, on 1 May 1707, England and Scotland combined into a single Kingdom, Anne became the first Sovereign of Great Britain. Anne was the last British monarch of the House of Stuart; she was succeeded by a distant cousin, George I, of the House of Hanover. Anne's reign was also marked by the development of the two-party system. Anne personally preferred the Tory Party, but endured the Whigs. Her closest friend, and perhaps her most influential advisor, was Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, whose husband, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, led the English armies in the War of the Spanish Succession.

Recently featured: Myxobolus cerebralis – Link – Swedish


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User talk:Niraj1984

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Spamming
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title: User talk:Niraj1984


text:
Talk:Leasehold estate

Attribution
Information in the "Tenancy at will" section was originally written by SteveHFish; moved here with merger of various forms of tenancy into one article. Other information on this page was moved here from the original "Tenant" article, and was written by Kappa, Mydogategodshat, OwenBlacker, and Pedant17. -- BD2412 talk 05:40, 2005 Jun 15 (UTC)

Tenancy at sufferance / trespass
You can make an argument that a tenant at sufferance is not technically a trespasser, because at the start of the tenancy the entry on to the property was lawful...

see Adrian Bradbrook, Susan MacCallum and Anthony Moore, Australian Real Property Law (3rd ed, 2002) [12.13].

Assured Shorthold Tenancy
Where does this common UK form of letting come into it?

Most residential property is let via a AST and most buy to let lenders require it as a matter of course.

On a related thought: What's the difference between letting and leasing anyway?

Simon West 20:04, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

 * There's no practical difference. An AST is a statutory form of tenancy (so a tenancy may be or may not be an AST). Francis Davey (talk) 10:46, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

Peer review comments
Several months ago, I consolidated two groups of articles into comprehensive articles on these relative concepts, then tweaked and expanded from there. It has occurred to me that these might be on the path to being featured articles, and could benefit from peer review. I present them together because the style and organization is prety much the same for both, so I assume they share the same faults. bd2412 T 23:03, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Yup. They share the same faults.

=Nichalp  «Talk»=  11:44, 28 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Insufficient lead text in one,
 * 2) sections are lopsided. Balance the content in sections and avoid the usage of subheadings as far as possible.
 * 3) Are these specifically US laws?
 * 4) No references
 * 5) No images
 * 6) External links are formatted incorrectly.

Leasing
This is in comparison such an excellent article that its authors could surely improve the much too theoretical approach and legalese on leasing. In addition, there is repetition, overlapping, and confusion between it and this article and rental agreement. --Espoo 08:55, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

"fixed-term tenancy" more common than "tenancy for years"?
http://tenant.landlordandtenant.org/becomingtenantfacts/types.aspx

http://www.consumer.vic.gov.au/CA256EB5000644CE/page/Renting-Tenants-Lease+Agreements?OpenDocument&1=910-Renting~&2=10-Tenants~&3=30-Lease+Agreements~

http://www.lectlaw.com/files/lat09.htm

http://www.lectlaw.com/files/lat07.htm - this BTW has tenancy-at-will as a synonym of and instead of periodic lease, which the present article claims is a different thing! --

Merging Leasehold here
Apparently this has been suggested, but I'm not sure it's a great idea. Leasehold in general is to be contrasted with, say, freehold; it's a legal concept concerning whether the land belongs to the owner of the title in perpetuity (freehold), or for a certain amount of time and then reverts to the government (leasehold). Leasehold estate seems to cover leasing of real estate in general, rather than dealing with this specific concept. Johnleemk | Talk 20:06, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

Voting against a merger with Landlord-Tenant. Speaking as a law school dropout who got a good grade in Property Law a long time ago, I can't remember what a Leasehold is. It would be more accessible to keep the Landlord-Tenant entry so as to provide info to the layperson. CharlesSearch (talk) 00:58, 6 January 2014 (UTC)

A global article regarding Landlord/Tenant law?
In the USA, landlord/tenant law is relegated to the states, and there are vast differences from state to state. The concepts in this article may originate from English common law, but that doesn't mean they've been adopted in every US state. For example, LL/T law in Texas is dictated by Texas common law as well as the Texas Property Code. Moreover, some of these laws may be modified or disregarded per the terms of the lease agreement. This article is way too generic and misleading, discussing legal constructs that may or may not exist where the individual Wikipedia reader resides. Cap'n Walker 16:30, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
 * That's true of basically all wikipedia law articles and its a bigger and more difficult problem than just here. Francis Davey 17:25, 23 October 2007 (UTC)
 * See my remarks on cleanup. Francis Davey (talk) 14:00, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Merger proposal
Initiating discussion on whether Tenancy for years should be merged here. -- brew crewer  (yada, yada) 23:18, 4 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. There's hardly anything there and some of its wrong anyway. Francis Davey (talk) 13:45, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Merger proposal2
In the light of the above merger proposal, may I propose that Leasehold be merged here. Its a truly uninspiring article with many errors (not good for something little more than a stub) and doesn't seem to have any use as an addition to this article. Francis Davey (talk) 19:09, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * this confusion has now caused considerable difficulties for the united kingdom. they have been popularly mislead to say that leasehold tenure is unknown elsewhere. I would be happy to help write it.
 * The concept of leasehold is the same as emphyteusis or usufruct under civil law. I include the German wiki page and the japanese wiki page in translation below. I'm happy to go through a longer list of leasehold in different countries as tenure in a page ;
 * the usa has it in new york coop and condo, in miami, in maryland and hawaii. Canada has many types of tenure in it's Provinces. That creates a link to Strata title - which is either freehold or leasehold.
 * The lack of correct information on wikipedia on this is causing a significant social harm in the uk. it is imperative to do this
 * https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erbbaurecht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp
 * https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbbaurecht
 * https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%80%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%A8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strata_title Hickster999 (talk) 20:03, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

a lease and a leasehold estate are two different things I disagree. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.79.170.194 (talk) 15:08, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

Cleanup
I propose that we clean up this article by removing jurisdiction specific material in the form of assertions that only hold in one place and that don't reflect a general or historical position. If editors know of particular rules in their own jurisdiction then I would suggest either a separate article on that jurisdiction, or a sub-section of this. Francis Davey (talk) 13:47, 5 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I have just carried out an example edit - basically removing a lot of extraneous material that isn't true in general. Francis Davey (talk) 13:57, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

I would also propose a 2-part division at the root level to explain both property leasing and equipment leasing. In the equipment leasing industry, there are 4 commonly described categories divided by transaction size; Large Ticket (e,g, airplanes, mining equipment), Medium Ticket (e.g heavy equipment, healthcare diagnostc equipment), Small Ticket (e.g. medical lasers, MRIs, alternate power generation), and Micro Ticket (office equipment,point-of-sale computer systems, Telecommunications). Lease agreements in these categories vary in term, but are generally contingent upon the "usable life" of the equipment that is being leased. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Matt Doty (talk • contribs) 21:32, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Right, but a lot of this article (and some of the others) is about the legal concepts involve in lease. What a particularl industry chooses to do is quite a different question - there's nothing very complicated about leases of chattels or movable property and it doesn't give rise to much useful law. Francis Davey (talk) 10:49, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

Merger proposal3
I note that there has been a long outstanding proposed merge between Leasing and Renting. I suggest that that merge is done, and then Lease redirects here to Leasehold estate. There is *so* much cleanup work required on this subject :( DWaterson (talk) 23:48, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

There are too many articles covering the same subject matter. Most of them are based on a misconceived premise. There is no such thing in law as "Leasehold estate" - "estate" implies that the proprietory interest is a "real" interest, which it is not. It is a "contract" interest. Similarly, "Leasehold" is a term in common usage, without any legal basis. The proper term is "Lease". All related articles should merge into it.Ewawer (talk) 06:52, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

 * There is certainly such a thing as a "leasehold estate" in English Law, indeed it is one of the two possible legal estates in land (the other being freehold). Leases were of course derived from a purely personal right, but acquired a proprietary character, hence they strictly fall into the category of "chattel real". Things may well have simplified in many US states of course. Francis Davey (talk) 00:29, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
 * ... actually of 3 legal estates, one always forgets commonhold.Francis Davey (talk) 23:24, 26 August 2008 (UTC)

 * To 'lease' and 'rent' does not just apply to property, therefore I can only suggest you move the parts of the article appropriate from 'lease' and 'rent', but leave them open as their own topic, albeit with a qualifier saying "for leasing a property, see 'leasehold estate'", make sense? Miscreant (talk) 10:49, 13 September 2008 (UTC)

 * That's true - or at least it is true now. Strictly "rent" was really only something due from a tenant to a landlord but the term is now much wider. What do you propose? That the material in Lease is all moved (almost all of it is about the leasehold estate) to Leasehold with a redirect from Leasehold estate? Or should we have a Lease (land) page? Its something it would be useful to have consensus on. Provided we have something consistent we are OK. Francis Davey (talk) 21:02, 13 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Leasehold estate??????? Why on earth would we want to obfuscate a common topic like a "lease" by merging it with something that sounds as obscure as "leasehold estate"? This would be a ridiculous decision. No merge. Jason Quinn (talk) 15:00, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't know. Let's redirect Lease to a page that discusses this.  Dr.EnAmi (talk) 22:36, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

Merger proposal4 - landlord-tenant law
I've proposed the merger of that page to this one, as the content is substantially the same especially with regards to duties and rights of landlords and tenants. There may be an issue regarding the focus on American law however. I have read the above discussion and I'm not sure that a consensus was reached about the other pages as well which raised similar issues... --Unavoidable (talk) 18:23, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
 * The problem with having a page on real property law, *especially* about landlord and tenant, is that it is very, very, jurisdictional. Because there's no cross-border trade in land (for obvious reasons) each jurisdiction is more inclined to develop its own, distinct rules. One very general page about L&T pointing to specific pages on each legal system makes sense. A history of the common law of landlord and tenant, prior to the US split, might also be useful. But all the 20th century regulation of tenancies is going to be so different everywhere as to make any general page at best wildly confusing. Even here in England and Wales there are sufficient differences growing up in Wales for it to require some work and Scotland is utterly different. How about: (1) a historical article about the idea of the landlord and tenant relationship in common law, describing some of the concepts etc, and explaining how leasehold became an estate in land, pointing to; (2) articles about L&T law divided by jurisdiction (maybe a single US page is possible, I don't know) including an overview of some of the regulation (then pointing to pages like assured tenancy for specifics); (3) other concepts like "rent" should be treated as a disambiguation perhaps pointing to suitable places; (4) lease has other meanings and can be another disambiguation or short general article which can point to something about other kinds of leasing (chattel leases are interesting enough to be worth having their own page, but are more easily unifyable across the world). Any taxonomy (eg into different "kinds" of tenancy) can be dealt with by jurisdiction. Francis Davey (talk) 22:05, 29 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I agree with that general concept -- the problem right now is that there are pages that are essentially on the same topic but focus on different jurisdictions and it's pretty confusing. A general conception of landlord-tenant law / leasehold estates under the common law can fit in this page, and I agree it should point to jurisdiction-specific pages following that. I guess the question then is what is "common" enough to include and what should be jurisdictionalized. --Unavoidable (talk) 22:15, 29 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I'd suggest early common law origins - from which the common law world draws its jurisprudence - up to the 18th century. Then the US splits off and starts to do its own thing, followed progressively by other common law countries. The common ideas and concepts, eg forfeiture, rent, privity of estate and so on had been formed by that time. It would then be really useful if there was some pointers to areas that have changed the same way later - but we'd need some references for that - or that have been abandoned wholesale. We also have confusing stuff at ground rent and rentcharge and chief rent again worth a clean up, but that's probably beyond our scope. Lease seems to focus, properly, on the abstract concept of time-limited contracts with possibly recurring costs, but it could contain a disambiguation pointer to what we might call something like Leasehold or Landlord and Tenant (common law) or something - I'm not sure what. Articles that should be merged/re-ordered would be:

 * landlord - needs to distinguish the licensed victualler meaning. Do we need a general article on the equivalent relationship worldwide and historically? Strikes me as a social rather than legal article about the concept of renting homes/property, which can point in. Anyway most of this article could be merged
 * tenant - is already a disambiguation. A page on landlord and tenant law should clearly note that "tenant" is used in two ways in the common law and that the two terms are distinct. I am a tenant of my flat, but my landlord is a feudal tenant-in-chief holding of the Crown in common socage.
 * lease has a bunch of material on types of landlord and tenant relationship. These are properly types of tenancy since a "lease" can be used to mean the document that creates a relationship rather than the relationship itself and there is not always a documentary relationship. I'd split off that material (which is all common law) and bring it into the proposed landlord and tenant law page. I'm not sure what then happens to "lease" but maybe it becomes more generic and less land focussed.
 * gross lease is a stub without any reference to a particular jurisdiction (suspect US) and might usefully be merged

 * or something like that. Francis Davey (talk) 09:58, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

I think the current split is just fine, and it largely reflects the split between books on "land law" dealing with proprietary and conveyancing aspects, and the books on landlord and tenant specifically, which carry rather more detail on the personal obligations of the parties. Lawdroid (talk) 06:53, 5 April 2012 (UTC)

Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment
In regards to covenant of quiet enjoyment redirecting here: since a general warranty deed also contains a covenant for quiet enjoyment, should a disambiguation page (as opposed to a redirect to here) be used instead? Dbrote (talk) 22:43, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

Effects on Tenancy - what about apartments?
This section of the article seems to deal exclusively with agricultural holdings. Not all leasehold property is agricultural - what about effects on tenants of leasehold apartment buildings (in cities, towns and some villages in UK)? (Declared interest - I am viewing a leasehold flat which is on market under a buy-to-let landlord with view to purchase.)Cloptonson (talk) 16:01, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

LAND-LEASE MANUFACTURED HOME COMMUNITIES in the United States
In the United States, Land-Lease (Leasehold) is common in manufactured home communities and "mobile home parks". The manufactured home owner owns their physical home, but rents the land under it. https://www.manufacturedhomes.com/blog/land-lease-manufactured-home-communities/ Jonathan Lockwood Huie (talk) 19:51, 12 May 2023 (UTC)

International examples
many countries have leasehold, but they have not been included. Not just English speaking countries, but across Europe.

It is misleading many people 2A00:23EE:1860:6E4E:7DFE:FD62:6C96:911D (talk) 14:27, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

Leasehold Tenure requires actual explanation
I have responded below - but I will put here. English Wikipedia needs a proper page on Leasehold Tenure like every other major language. The inability to have a land tenure page in English is embarrassing and causing harm

this confusion has now caused considerable difficulties for the united kingdom. they have been popularly mislead to say that leasehold tenure is unknown elsewhere. I would be happy to help write it. The concept of leasehold is the same as emphyteusis or usufruct under civil law. I include the German wiki page and the japanese wiki page in translation below. I'm happy to go through a longer list of leasehold in different countries as tenure in a page ; the usa has it in new york coop and condo, in miami, in maryland and hawaii. Canada has many types of tenure in it's Provinces. That creates a link to Strata title - which is either freehold or leasehold. The lack of correct information on wikipedia on this is causing a significant social harm in the uk. it is imperative to do this https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erbbaurecht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbbaurecht https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%80%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%A8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strata_title Hickster999 (talk) 20:03, 4 March 2024 (UTC) Hickster999 (talk) 20:05, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

This article needs major improvements
I discovered this article in the course of my participation in the GOCE May 2024 Drive; this article had a "copy edit" tag for being "very formally written" and "difficult to parse". First of all, I added an "expert needed" tag because prose that is difficult for non-experts in the topic (like me) to parse is even more difficult for non-experts to fix. That being said, there are other, more foundational problems that probably should be fixed first. Some of these have been mentioned in previous talk page posts, and some are my own observations/opinions. To start with, the "History" section needs some expansion. Worse yet, only three countries are mentioned as practicing leasehold agreements, when there are surely many more that do so. Furthermore, even the countries that are mentioned have insufficient coverage. For example, in the Australia subsection, most of the info is about agricultural/industrial leasehold – residential leasehold gets only a single sentence; under the subsection about the United States, only agricultural leasehold is covered, and residential leasehold is completely ignored. I have only a surface-level knowledge of the subject of leasehold, so there are probably even more problems in the article that I do not perceive for lack of knowledge. SmileySnail (talk) 23:15, 27 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Leasehold estate


text:
Chippewa River

Chippewa River may refer to:
 * Chippewa River (Michigan)
 * Chippewa River (Minnesota)
 * Chippewa River (Wisconsin)
 * Chippewa River (Ontario)

title: Chippewa River


text:
Sudairi Seven

The Sudairi Seven (السديريون السبعة, As Sudayriyyūn as Sabʿah), also spelled Sudairy or Sudayri, is the commonly used name for a powerful alliance of seven full brothers within the Saudi royal family. They are also sometimes referred to as the Sudairi clan (عائلة السديري ʿĀʾilat as-Sudayrī) or the Sudairi faction. They are among the forty-five sons of the country's founder, King Abdulaziz. The King had more sons with their mother, Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi, than he did with any of his other wives.

The oldest of the Sudairi Seven (Fahd) served as King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005; the second- and fourth-oldest (Sultan and Nayef) served as Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, but predeceased King Abdullah; and the sixth-oldest (Salman) succeeded Abdullah as king in 2015. One of the Sudairi Seven, Prince Turki, had broken off with his brothers in 1978. Following the death of Prince Abdul Rahman in 2017 only the two youngest of the Seven (Salman and Ahmed) survive, with the youngest brother, Prince Ahmed under house arrest by order of King Salman.

Origins and composition
In the early twentieth century, King Abdulaziz rapidly expanded his power base in Nejd to establish the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932, and became its first king. As part of this process of expansion, he married women from powerful Nejdi and other Arabian families to cement his control over all parts of his new domain. It is believed he married as many as 22 women as a result. One of these marriages was to Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi, a member of the powerful Al Sudairi clan to which King Abdulaziz's mother, Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi, belonged.

The number of children that King Abdulaziz fathered in total, with all his wives, is unknown. One source indicates that he had 37 sons. The Sudairi Seven – the seven sons of King Abdulaziz and Hassa bint Ahmed – were the largest bloc of full brothers and as a consequence, were able to wield a degree of coordinated influence and power. King Abdulaziz and Hassa bint Ahmed married twice; their first marriage started in 1913 and may have produced a son, Prince Sa'ad (1914–19). Hassa then married Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman, the half-brother of King Abdulaziz, with whom she had a son, Prince Abdullah, the father of Fahd bin Abdullah bin Mohammed Al Saud. Hassa and King Abdulaziz married again in 1920, and their second marriage produced seven sons and four daughters.

Their sisters

 * Princess Luluwah (1928–2008) was married to Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud
 * Princess Latifa (deceased)
 * Princess Al Jawhara (died 2019) was married to Prince Khalid bin Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud
 * Princess Jawahir (died June 2015)

Rise to power
The influence of the Sudairi Seven, which can be termed as asabiyya (group spirit) following the Khaldûnian terminology, grew constantly after the accession of its leader, Prince Fahd, to crown prince in 1975 and then king in 1982. They represented one out of five of King Abdulaziz’s sons. However, they gained influence and power not solely because of their number. Unlike many of King Abdulaziz's other sons who dealt much more with business activities, the Sudairi Seven tended to be interested in politics.

The Sudairi Seven's rise to power can be traced back to the accession of King Faisal and his earlier struggle with King Saud. Although not a Sudairi himself, Faisal, in his struggle to overthrow Saud, relied heavily upon the seven Sudairi brothers. One of the earliest significant roles played by the Sudairi Seven was in March 1962 when they collaborated with Crown Prince Faisal. They threatened five members of King Saud's cabinet to submit their resignations following the announcement of the constitution by the king which had been drafted by the members of the Free Princes movement with the help of Egyptian lawyers. The ministers, including Oil Minister Abdullah Tariki, resigned from the office as a result of their extensive campaign against them. Then in 1962, as prime minister and heir apparent, Prince Faisal appointed Prince Fahd as interior minister, Prince Sultan as defense minister, and Prince Salman as governor of Riyadh. All were key posts. Following his accession to the throne after King Saud's deposition in 1964, King Faisal continued to favor the Sudairi Seven as his allies. In 1975, following the death of King Faisal and the accession of King Khalid, Prince Fahd became Crown Prince and Prince Nayef succeeded him at the ministry of interior. King Khalid reduced Sudairi Seven's power concerning succession in 1977 when he was in London for treatment. Following their unsuccessful attempt to overthrow King Khalid and to install Prince Sultan as crown prince instead of Prince Abdullah King Khalid asked Crown Prince Fahd and Prince Abdullah to fully obey the existing succession plan without any change.

The Sudairis consolidated their hold over these fiefs by appointing their brothers and sons to their own ministries and other key positions. Prince Sultan appointed one of his younger Sudairi brothers – Prince Abdul Rahman – and one of his own sons – Prince Khalid – as his deputies. Another of Prince Sultan’s sons, Prince Bandar, served for two decades as Saudi ambassador in Washington and then head of the Saudi National Security Council. His other son Prince Khalid, the co-commander with U.S. General Norman Schwarzkopf in the Gulf War (1991), became vice defence minister. Prince Nayef also appointed one of his sons – Muhammad – as his deputy at the ministry of the interior.

The Sudairis’ rise to power and hold over government brought continuity to the system. It also prompted other princes to align quietly against them. The main opposition to the Sudairis came from Prince Abdullah prior to his accession to the throne. He cultivated allies among his other brothers and with King Faisal’s sons. Upon Prince Abdullah's accession to the throne, he created a new family council, the Allegiance Commission, to determine the future succession. The Sudairis filled a fifth of the council’s seats which is seen as a dilution of Sudairi power since their overall control over the state is perceived as proportionately greater than this.

Reign of King Abdullah (2005–2015)
Mai Yamani argues that the Sudairi brothers, previously known as the Sudairi seven, since King Fahd’s death in August 2005 reduced to al-Thaluth (‘the trio’), referring only to Prince Sultan, Prince Nayef and Prince Salman. Prince Sultan became the leader of the group after King Fahd's demise.

On 28 October 2011, Prince Nayef became the Crown Prince after the death of Prince Sultan, and his other full brother Prince Salman, who had been long-term Riyadh governor, was appointed the minister of defence. However, the eldest surviving member of the Sudairi brothers, Prince Abdul Rahman, was replaced by Prince Sultan's son Prince Khalid as deputy minister of defence.

Prince Abdul Rahman was reported to argue that he should have been promoted instead of Prince Salman. On the other hand, the youngest of the Sudairi brothers, Ahmed, who was Prince Nayef's deputy at the ministry of interior since 1975, was reported to complain about that Prince Nayef was actively promoting the interest of his own son, Prince Mohammed. Lastly, another Sudairi Prince Turki, who returned to Riyadh in early 2011 after a long and at least partly voluntary exile in Cairo, was said to agitate for a more senior position. On the other hand, Prince Turki fully supported the appointment of Prince Nayef as Crown Prince, indicating that the decision was completely right and that Prince Nayef had wisdom, sound management and long history in serving the country. However, although Sudairi brothers support each other against other princes, each attempts to form, with his sons, another power group.

On 16 June 2012, Crown Prince Nayef died in Geneva. His posts were filled by his younger full-brothers. Prince Salman was named as the Crown Prince and deputy prime minister, and Prince Ahmed as the minister of interior on 18 June 2012. Prince Salman and Prince Ahmed became the only politically active members of the group. However, on 5 November 2012, Prince Ahmed resigned from his post and was succeeded by Mohammed bin Nayef, son of Prince Nayef. On 23 January 2015, King Abdullah died at the age of 90 and he was succeeded by Prince Salman.

Reign of King Salman (2015–present)
King Salman immediately began to consolidate power on behalf of the clan. His son Mohammad bin Salman became both minister of defense and secretary general of the Court, combining two of the most powerful offices in the government, and Mohammed bin Nayef bypassed hundreds of senior princes to become the first of the third generation to be officially placed in the line of succession.

On 28 April 2015, Mohammed bin Nayef was named crown prince, replacing Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz, the younger half-brother of the Sudairi Seven. Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud was named as deputy crown prince by his father, thus effectively putting the future of the throne in the Sudairi Seven clan's firm grip.

On 21 June 2017 Mohammad bin Salman was made crown prince, and Mohammed bin Nayef was removed from his posts and stripped of his titles. The interior minister was succeeded by Abdulaziz bin Saud, the grandson of Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz. Thus the lines of Nayef and Salman, if not those of the other Sudairi brothers, maintain strong influence.

title: Sudairi Seven


text:
Somerset MRT station

Somerset MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North–South Line in Orchard, Singapore. It is one of the three stations located along the popular shopping belt, Orchard Road.

The station connects to Comcentre, Singapore Power Building, Skate Park, 313@Somerset, Orchard Gateway, Orchard Central, Cathay Cineleisure Orchard, Centrepoint Shopping Centre, Mandarin Orchard, The Heeren, Faber House, Orchard Point, Peranakan Place and Emerald Hill.

Opened in 1987, Somerset station was part of the early plans for the original MRT network since 1982. It was constructed as part of Phase I of the MRT network. Following the network's operational split, the station has been served by the North–South Line since 1989.

History

The station was built as part of the first phase of construction of the MRT system. Initially named Killiney, the station was renamed to its current name in November 1982 after Somerset Road, which runs above it. In January 1984, a joint venture between Borie SAE, Cogefar SPA, Traylor Bros and Ong Chwee Kou Building Contractors secured Contract 106A, the S$39.2 million contract to build Somerset station, since the joint venture was already handling construction of the tunnels adjacent to the station.

To facilitate the station's construction, the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) requisitioned the Ng Teow Yhee Building, which was located within the station site, in 1983,and Somerset Road was diverted in October 1984. Somerset station was opened on 12 December 1987 as part of the extension of the MRT network from Toa Payoh to Outram Park.

Construction of the lifts started on 28 June 2000 and were completed on 11 July 2002. Exit B of the station was heavily renovated from January 2007 to July 2009. An additional entrance, Exit D, was opened in conjunction with Orchard Gateway on 25 April 2014 along with Exit C which also connects to Orchard Gateway.

Station details
The station is located under Somerset Road and is near landmarks such as Orchard Central, 313@Somerset, Comcentre, the Centrepoint and 111 Somerset. It is served by the North–South Line, between Orchard and Dhoby Ghaut stations, and has the station code NS23.

Somerset station was designed to function as a bomb shelter, and was fitted out with blast doors and thick walls of reinforced concrete to withstand bomb impacts. Plants grown with the aid of hydroponics were planted in the station for aesthetic purposes.

Artwork
The station has a wall mural by local artists Leo Hee Tong and Ho Ho Ying. It was installed as part of the MRTC's S$2 million (US$0 million in ) commission of artworks at six MRT stations along the NSL.

title: Somerset MRT station


text:
Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (احمد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود Aḥmed bin ʿAbdulʿazīz Āl Suʿūd; born 5 September 1942) is a member of House of Saud who served as deputy minister of interior from 1975 to 2012 and briefly as minister of interior in 2012. He was detained in March 2020 on the orders of his brother and nephew, King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, respectively, and charged with treason.

Early life and education
Prince Ahmed was born in Riyadh on 5 September 1942. He is the son of King Abdulaziz (Ibn Saud) and Hassa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi, and is the youngest of the Sudairi brothers. Prince Ahmed is supposedly the 31st son of King Abdulaziz.

Ahmed bin Abdulaziz completed secondary education in 1961. He studied English and some science subjects at the University of Southern California. He enrolled at the University of Redlands in 1962 and graduated in 1968 with a bachelor's degree in government and political science.

Early career
After his graduation, Prince Ahmed dealt with business and was the chairman of the National Gypsum Company from 1969 to 1970. In 1971, he was appointed the undersecretary of Makkah Province. He also served as the deputy governor of Makkah Province during the reign of King Faisal.

Deputy interior minister (1975–2012)
Later, King Khalid appointed him as the deputy minister of interior on 16 December 1975.

As deputy interior minister (also translated as vice minister), he served under Interior Minister Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud; at the time, Prince Muhammad bin Nayef was assistant interior minister. The interior ministry played a key role in Saudi Arabia's state security apparatus (with a total 2003 internal security budget of US$7 billion), with a counterterrorism mandate, especially after the Riyadh compound bombings of May 2003. A 2004 report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies noted that although corruption within the kingdom was common, "Prince Nayif and Prince Ahmad are reported to pay massive bonuses to successful security officers, but also have a reputation for honesty and using the massive security budget only for the mission and not to enrich themselves."

His main function as deputy interior minister was to deal with the different provinces of the Kingdom. Ahmed bin Abdulaziz was also operational head of special security force, which reports directly to the interior minister. This force was established in 1979 after the Saudi Arabian National Guard's poor response to the seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca. In the early 1980s, in the wake of the riots in the Eastern Province in 1979, Prince Ahmed was tasked with introducing reforms to improve the province, where the kingdom's Shi'ite minority lives. Prince Ahmad acknowledged that the Saudi government had neglected the region and had discriminated against Shi'ites; he also promised massive investments in the development of Al Hasa's economic infrastructure, educational system, and other services. The other task of Prince Ahmed as deputy interior minister was to coordinate the contacts with ulema (the religious leaders). He also served as the vice president of the supreme commission for industrial security and chairman of preparatory committee for national security. In addition, he was the deputy chairman of civil defense council.

In 2006, Prince Ahmed called for construction of a fence along the Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, which he said was not a "segregation wall" but a border security measure.

Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi stated that Prince Ahmed was mostly involved in administrative matters instead of security during his tenure as deputy interior minister. Ahmed bin Abdulaziz visited Pakistan in November 2005 for three days and examined the extent of destruction caused by the Kashmir earthquake from an airplane. He promised to provide Pakistan whatever needed for the rebuilding process after the earthquake. He encouraged all Muslim nations to provide aid to Pakistan. He also condemned terrorism and stated it was incompatible with Islam.

Prince Ahmed said in a press conference in 2011 that for women, driving is against the law. After his appointment as interior minister, it was argued that, like Salman, he was also a supporter of King Abdullah's cautious reform initiatives.

Interior minister (June–November 2012)
On 18 June 2012, one day after the burial of Interior Minister Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz, King Abdullah promoted Prince Ahmed to interior minister. Abdul Rahman Al Rabiaan succeeded him as deputy interior minister. At the same time, Abdullah elevated Defense Minister Prince Salman to the position of crown prince, keeping the defense portfolio.

It was reported that Prince Ahmed would not change Saudi Arabia's major security policies, which focused on threats from al-Qaeda in Yemen and an unrest among the Shi'ite Muslim minority in Saudi Arabia. Prince Ahmed was the chairman of the supreme hajj committee during his term as interior minister.

Speculation about succession
Nawaf E. Obaid argued in 2002 that three members of the House of Saud were especially popular, although many of them were believed to be corrupt. Prince Ahmed was one of these popular members; the others were Prince Abdullah (then crown prince) and Prince Salman (then Riyadh governor). Prince Ahmed was also seen as one of the potential candidates to the Saudi throne at the beginning of the 2000s. His appointment as interior minister in 2012 was also regarded at the time as a signal for the succession to the Saudi Arabian throne, with Ahmed deemed the most likely candidate to rule Saudi Arabia after King Abdullah and Crown Prince Salman.

Ouster and exclusion from the succession
On 5 November 2012, Prince Ahmed was removed as interior minister, after a tenure of just a few months. Mohammed bin Nayef, who had been deputy interior minister, was named his successor. The ouster left Ahmed sidelined from power and without any major job. The official reason for Prince Ahmed's removal was given as his request. However, Ahmed's objection to dividing the security forces into independent units was one of the actual reasons for his dismissal.

On 1 February 2013 Prince Muqrin was appointed second deputy prime minister and on 27 March 2014 to the new position of deputy crown prince.

Activities from 2015 to 2019
After being removed from power in 2012, Ahmed spent six years in retirement, frequently traveling to London. In 2015, Crown Prince Salman became king, after the death of King Abdullah. At age 79, Salman's declining health fueled a bitter succession battle within the House of Saud over the succession. A reformist faction within the Saudi royal family favored Prince Ahmed for the position of crown prince, arguing that by birthright, Ahmed held a more legitimate claim to the throne than either Crown Prince Muhammad bin Nayef (MFN) or his rival, the young Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), one of Salman's sons. Some conservatives within the Saudi royal family favored Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz as a candidate for the throne. Ultimately, MBS gained the upper hand, acquiring key portfolios, access to the king's advisors, and the lead role in commanding the Saudi military campaign in Yemen.

MBS was appointed crown prince in June 2017, replacing MBN. Ahmed bin Abdulaziz was one of three members of the Allegiance Council who did not support MBS's appointment as crown prince. The others were Muhammad bin Saad Al Saud and Abdulaziz bin Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. The latter represented his older brother, Khalid bin Abdullah, at the meeting of the council.

After becoming crown prince, MBS rapidly consolidated power, and removed potential rivals within the royal house. In 2018 Ahmed bin Abdulaziz left Saudi Arabia for London. On 4 September 2018, after being confronted by protesters outside his residence in London, shouting slogans against the House of Saud's role in the humanitarian crisis in Yemen, Ahmed responded, "What does this have to do with the Al Saud? Those responsible are the king and his crown prince." While in Europe, he was openly critical of MBS, and reportedly met with members of dissenting factions within the Saudi royal house, which includes thousands of members.

On October 30, 2018, after MBS came under increasing pressure following the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi, Ahmed returned to Saudi Arabia after U.S. and European authorities obtained assurances of Ahmed's security from Saudi authorities. Ahmed's return was viewed as a significant signal of maneuvering within the royal house, given his rank and seniority as Salman's last living full brother.

Arrest and detention
On 7 March 2020 Prince Ahmed was arrested along with his son, Nayef bin Ahmed, and his nephews, MBN and Nawwaf bin Nayef. The Saudi government claimed that the princes were plotting to overthrow Salman and MBS. The detention of the senior princes was seen as a culmination of a purge that left MBS in unquestioned control of the kingdom. Prince Ahmed apparently remains in detention, although in May 2022 Ahmed's eldest son, Prince Abdulaziz bin Ahmed (who has no formal government post), appeared with MBS as part of a Saudi delegation that traveled to Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates, in what was seen as a message intended to signal family unity.

Family and personal life
Ahmed bin Abdulaziz has two wives with whom he has five daughters and seven sons. One of his wives is Fahda bint Turki Al Sudairi. His eldest son, Abdulaziz, is former secretary general of Arab Ophthalmology and was born in Redlands, California, when Prince Ahmed was attending the University of Redlands. Another son, Nayef, holds a PhD from Cambridge University and was a colonel in the Saudi Armed Forces with responsibilities for strategic planning. He served as the head of land forces intelligence and security authority until his arrest on 7 March 2020. Another son, Prince Sultan, was appointed Saudi ambassador to Bahrain in September 2019.

One of Prince Ahmed's daughters, Falwa bint Ahmed, is married to Salman bin Sultan, former assistant general secretary of the National Security Council. Another, Noura, was the former wife of Faisal bin Abdullah Al Saud. Noura bint Ahmed, who was born in Redlands, California, in November 1968 is the third child of Prince Ahmed. Her mother is Fahda bint Turki Al Sudairi; she is the full sister of Abdulaziz bin Ahmed.

On 29 November 2010, he attended the Crown Prince Cup, an annual horse race on behalf of Crown Prince Sultan who was in Morocco.

title: Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud


text:
Electoral division of Greatorex

Greatorex was an electoral division of the Legislative Assembly in Australia's Northern Territory. It was first created in 1990, replacing the abolished electorate of Sadadeen, and was named after Tony Greatorex, the last President of the Legislative Council. Greatorex was a mostly urban electorate, covering an area of 76 km2, and encompassing the Alice Springs suburbs of Sadadeen and Traeger Park. There were 4,606 people enrolled in the electorate as of August 2012.

Alice Springs has always been a conservative area, and has generally been considered Country Liberal Party heartland. However, Greatorex was located in a particularly conservative portion of Alice Springs, and its demographics suggested that it should have been a very safe CLP seat even by Alice Springs standards. Nonetheless, conservative independent Denis Collins won the seat when it was first contested in 1990. Collins had represented most of the electorate as the member for Sadadeen since 1983, and before then had represented Alice Springs from 1980 to 1983, and was a former CLP MLA. He was defeated at the 1994 election by endorsed CLP candidate Dr Richard Lim. Lim was easily re-elected in 1997 and 2001, and was one of only four CLP members to survive the Labor landslide victory at the 2005 election, despite the presence of a Labor star candidate in high-profile Alice Springs mayor Fran Kilgariff. Lim resigned from parliament on 9 July 2007 in the middle of his fourth term. He was replaced by another CLP member, former radio broadcaster Matt Conlan, at the resulting by-election on 28 July.

Greatorex was abolished at the 2016 general election, with its constituents divided between Araluen, Braitling and Namatjira.

title: Electoral division of Greatorex


text:
Talk:Sudairi Seven

Untitled
I made a temp. stub page. ---User:Hottentot

Article title
In 2006, the name was changed from Sudairi Seven to Sudairi with the edit summary "no longer relevant", presumably because of Fahd had died (there no longer being 7 brothers alive). I don't actually think the death of Fahd is relevant to the article title. The title is slightly odd now - as I don't think the group are referred to as simply "Sudairi" - I think usually it becomes an adjective with nouns such as "clan", "faction" etc added on. As it is, it would suggest that this is an article about the Al Sudairi family, which it isn't. Does anyone object to it going back to Sudairi Seven or similar title? DeCausa (talk) 19:30, 5 May 2011 (UTC)

 * I agree that the word "Sudairi" is an adjective, not a noun. And yes, the death of Fahd is irrelevant as the article refers to the 7 brothers (dead or alive). I think the current article title should change and I don't think it matters whether it's the "Sudairi Seven", "Sudairi faction", "Sudairi brothers" or something else with similar meaning. The article itself should mention the different names they are called. - Yk3 talk · contrib 07:39, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

 * I agree. Article title needs to be changed. This causes confusion with the article Sudair also. Mni9791 (talk) 14:18, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

 * My opinion is to change it to "Sudairi Seven". It is the most common widely mentioned name. I understand that they are now the "Sudairi Six". But Sudairi Seven is the group's name. The term "Sudairi faction" gives the negative connotation of a serious internal clash in the House of Saud, which very well might not be an accurate assessment. And the "Sudairi brothers", though most accurate, is not at all as widely known. Mni9791 (talk) 14:18, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

 * The second best option would be Al Fahd. It is quite a common term in Saudi Arabia. But in the Western world, Sudairi Seven is the most popular term. Mni9791 (talk) 14:18, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

 * My justification for Sudairi Seven is like the featured article Malcolm X. Though his proper name is El Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, the article uses the most common variant of his name. Use "Sudairi Seven". Mni9791 (talk) 14:18, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Per WP:COMMONNAME the name should be the most commonly used. As a very very rough idea, the number of Google hits could provide objective guidance. These are the results I got:
 * {|class="wikitable"

!Term !Hits
 * + Google
 * Sudairi Six
 * 314
 * Sudairi 6
 * 108
 * Sudairi 7
 * 3,240
 * Sudairi Seven
 * 7,420
 * Sudairi brothers
 * 932
 * Sudairi Clan
 * 1,240
 * Sudairi faction
 * 1,700
 * the Al Fahd
 * 43,800
 * the Al Fahd + Sudairi
 * 6,090
 * }
 * Sudairi faction
 * 1,700
 * the Al Fahd
 * 43,800
 * the Al Fahd + Sudairi
 * 6,090
 * }
 * 6,090
 * }
 * }

 * “The Al Fahd” includes many non-Sudairi references (Hotel chains, armoured vehicles etc) hence I searched for Al Fahd + Sudairi. Obviously all these search results include non-relevant results, but they do generally point to Sudairi 7/Seven. As this is what we all thought is the most common, I suggest we go with “Sudairi Seven”. DeCausa (talk) 15:55, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

Could DeCausa or Yk move the page to 'Sudairi Seven'? I myself am not too particularly skilled with the action.Mni9791 (talk) 17:34, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Done. - Yk3 talk · contrib 17:45, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

New Quality Scale Rating
This article needs to be rated again because it is not at all a stub-class. Mni9791 (talk) 18:06, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

 * You can actually do it yourself using WP:ASSESS as a guideline. - Yk3 talk · contrib 18:57, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

Hyperlinking help
How do you hyperlink to a specific section of a wikipedia article? Mni9791 (talk) 05:08, 21 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Name of Article#Section title|How you want it to appear in your text]] e.g. Origins of the Sudairi Seven DeCausa (talk) 06:35, 21 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks

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Yar.m1 KHAN 154.198.121.108 (talk) 12:16, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sudairi Seven


text:
Talk:Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

Untitled
I made a temp. stub page. ---User:Hottentot

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Cleaned a while ago. (Mni9791 (talk) 01:17, 22 March 2011 (UTC))

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text: Category:Korean scientists

title: Category:Korean scientists