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Florence Court

Florence Court is a large 18th-century house and estate located 8 miles south-west of Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is set in the foothills of Cuilcagh Mountain. The nearby village is distinguished by the one-word name Florencecourt. It is owned and managed by the National Trust and is the sister property of nearby Castle Coole. The other National Trust property in County Fermanagh is the Crom Estate.

History

The history of the building of Florence Court is subject to conjecture and the current house was built in at least two, if not three, phases. The first house on the site was built by John Cole, Esq. (1680–1726) and named after his wife Florence Bourchier Wrey (died 1718). She was the daughter of Sir Bourchier Wrey, 4th Baronet (c. 1653–1696) of Tawstock, Devon. An anonymous history of Fermanagh written in 1718 describes John Cole's house as being 'very costly and sumptuous' but in 1739 Rev. William Henry described this building as being 'but small, being only the left wing of a grand building, designed by Mr Cole, which he did not live to execute'.

The architects of the current house are unknown. The central block was built first and various dates from 1730 to 1764 are proffered for its construction. It has been attributed to the German architect Richard Cassels (or Castle) who worked at nearby Castle Hulme in 1728-9 and Florence Court shares similarities with some of Cassels' other Irish houses. An estate map of 1768 shows the central block, standing alone, as having a heavily framed oculus window (in place of the current pair of windows and large, squat niche) on the second floor. This was a recurring device in Cassels' work. Were Cassels involved, dating the initial phase of building to 1730 may be plausible. On the other hand, Mr Henry's account nine years later does not mention there being a new house, lately built. Rowan suggests the plans could have been drawn up by Cassels, but not executed until a much later date, pointing to the 'old fashioned' style of the house; and reflects that 'the design, for all its charm, is far too gauche for [Cassels]'.

The baroque plasterwork in the library and study at the front of the house appear to date from an earlier period to the rich rococo plasterwork in the dining room, drawing room and stair hall on the western side of the house, and the floorboards in these two rooms differ in width from those elsewhere in the house. It is conjectured that the central block may have been completed in two phases, with the rooms at the back of the house, along with the Venetian room, finished by 1764, when John Cole's son, Lord Mount Florence, held a famous housewarming party.

The colonnades and pavilions were built c. 1771 and are attributed to the Italian engineer and architect Davis Ducart. These are built of dressed sandstone as opposed to the rendered limestone rubble of the central block. The south and stable yards are by the mason Andrew Lambert. The Introduction to the Enniskillen Papers proposes there may have been an addition stage to completing the front we know today, pointing out that the heavily rusticated window dressings may have been 'an afterthought by another, less accomplished hand'. They do not feature on the facade shown on the 1768 estate map; the introduction suggests further work may have been 'a vain attempt to harmonise [the central block] with the sophisticated cut-stone of the links and pavilions'.

Whether there was a final phase is a matter of conjecture. The 1979 National Trust guidebook points out the similarity between the unusual pedimented doorcase at Florence Court with the doorcase of the now ruinous Nixon Hall at nearby Gransha (built c. 1780). Major improvements were made on the estate c. 1778–80. These included the landscaping of the park by William King and his laying out of the new drive, and the building of the Grand Gates.

Florence Court was the seat of the Earls of Enniskillen until 1973. The 5th Earl of Enniskillen transferred the house and fourteen acres surrounding it to the National Trust in 1953. In 1955 a devastating fire destroyed the upper floors of the house. Sir Albert Richardson was entrusted with leading the National Trust's restoration and extensive efforts have since returned Florence Court to much of its former glory. Some rooms on the upper floors, however, remain closed.

Description
The house features exquisite Rococo decoration and fine Irish furniture, many pieces of which were acquired for the property by the National Trust and others loaned from other Irish houses. The majority of the original furnishings were removed when the Cole family moved to Perthshire in 1973 but many were returned at the bequest of the Dowager Countess of Enniskillen on her death in 1998.

Pleasure Garden
The expansive pleasure garden was landscaped in the mid-19th century, with panoramic views of Benaughlin and Cuilcagh mountains. It features Victorian specimen trees and displays of both temperate and semi-tropical plants, principally rhododendrons.

Summer House
Also known as the heather house. The present structure is a reconstruction of an 18th-century thatched summer house. It is located on a prominent spot at the top of the pleasure garden, with views of the garden and Benaughlin mountain.

The structure was rebuilt by the National Trust in the late-1980s to designs based on 19th-century photographs of the feature. The foundation and cobbled floor are the only parts of the 18th-century structure that remain. In 2015 the summer house was burnt to the ground by vandals. It was rebuilt in 2016, with a significant proportion of the funding for the project raised from the local community.

Florence Court Yew
The most notable tree on the estate is the Florence Court Yew. This specimen is survivor of the two original Irish Yew (Taxus baccata 'fastigiata') saplings discovered in 1767 by local farmer George Willis on Cuilcagh mountain. As the Irish Yew can be propagated only from cuttings, this tree is the progenitor of almost all Irish Yews worldwide.

The yew is located within the site of the John Cole's early 18th-century gardens, approximately one mile southeast of the house. These formerly extensive gardens are now largely lost with the exception of the surviving remains of the 18th-century rock garden, located opposite the yew. The rock garden formerly contained stone tables and chairs but is currently overgrown.

Walled Garden
The four acre walled garden was laid out in the 18th-century and extended in the 1870s by Charlotte, Countess of Enniskillen. It features a rose garden, two ponds, orchards of heirloom variety fruit trees and a working vegetable garden. The 1870s Rose Cottage on the western edge of the garden was formerly the head gardener's dwelling. It was restored from a derelict condition in the 1990s and is now let as a holiday cottage. In September 2017 a National Trust project to restore the garden to its 1930s condition was awarded a grant by the Heritage Lottery Fund. The project includes plans to rebuild two long glass houses that formerly ran along the length of the north wall.

The tennis courts behind the north wall were replaced by Forestry Service offices in the 1970s.

Cane Cottage
An 18th-century cottage built from bamboo was formerly located west of the house. It served as a tea house but fell into disrepair during the second half of the 20th century and was demolished in the 1970s.

Lady Well
The Lady Well is a natural spring well located approximately three quarters of a mile east of the house at the bottom of the Broad Meadow.

Landscape
The 18th-century landscaped park is framed by Benauglin and Cuilcagh mountains. It was laid out c. 1778–80 by William King for the 1st Earl. King's work included the present undulating main drive, replacing the earlier straight east avenue which ran from the centre of the main front of the house. The path of the original drive remains visible on aerial photographs.

The Larganess and Finglass rivers flow through the estate, most of which is occupied by pasture and forestry, principally Larch. The Glen Wood nature reserve is a semi-natural oak woodland conserved by the Forestry Service near to the old deer park on the southwest edge of the demesne.

Gate lodges
The Grand Gates date from c. 1778. They are flanked by a pair of symmetrical bay fronted lodges with hipped roofs facing the road and gables to the rear. Each comprises a single room. The current double sash windows were installed in the 1920s, replacing the original square Georgian glazing. The original chimney stacks have been demolished and the walls of the lodges, which were originally harled, are now rendered and painted. For many years the gates were painted red but are now black.

The south lodge is a picturesque one and a half story cottage built to replace an earlier lodge in the 1870s. The cottage is three bays wide with a front gabled porch, built from coursed rubble with dressed sandstone door and window surrounds. Quatrefoil bargeboards decorate the porch and side gables. The original sash windows have been replaced by simple modern glazing.

The Old Gate lodge at the end of the north avenue was built c. 1800. It was originally a single story three bay cottage, later extended to its present T plan.

Sawmill
A working water-powered sawmill stands on the edge of the pleasure garden. It includes an exhibition on the history of the building, the timber industry on the estate and the mid-1980s restoration of the building and machinery. The water wheel has the name 'William Maxwell circa 1848' at its centre although who Maxwell was is obscure. The machinery includes the original mid-19th century water-powered saw and two early-20th century electrical saws. Behind the mill is the millpond and the rebuilt millrace. The headrace runs off the Larganess river and is approximately one and a half miles long.

The main part of the building is built of limestone rubble and dates to the 18th century. It was extended and converted to a sawmill in the 1840s. A brick extension housing an office was added later in the 19th century. The building's original use is unknown although several long vertical apertures along each side of the building have the appearance of gun loops and may indicate the building had an earlier military function, possibly as a barracks.

Carpenter's workshop and cottage
In the vicinity of the sawmill are a restored carpenter's workshop and cottage. Items including wheels, furniture and coffins were made here for both the estate and the local area.

Hydraulic Ram
Near to the sawmill is a working Victorian hydraulic ram. It uses water pressure from the millpond to generate enough force to pump water uphill to the house. The hydraulic ram was replaced as the house's water supply following connection to mains water in the 1950s and now pumps into the millrace.

Eel house bridge
The Eel house is a single-arched 18th-century bridge crossing the Larganess river, located at the southwest corner of the pleasure garden. The bridge passes close to two small fords which slow the river at this point. Eel was formerly abundant in the Larganess and traps were set across the river here as it was an optimal place to catch them. The resulting catch was stored in the room behind the opening to the left of the arch.

Forge
Behind the cattle yard is a preserved 18th century forge still used occasionally for demonstrations.

Tilery
In the 1850s the 3rd Earl set up Florencecourt Tilery to provide local employment, utilising rich clay deposits in the vicinity of the Arney River. The works were located approximately two miles northeast of the estate and remained open until the deposits were worked out in the early 20th-century. The principal items manufactured were bricks, water pipes, roof tiles and hollow insulated floor tiles, similar to Roman hypocaust tiles. The floor tiles were commonly used in the kitchens of dwellings in surrounding areas, whilst the roof tiles appear to have been used only for outbuildings. The use of these materials is a distinctive feature of the vernacular architecture of southwest Fermanagh, otherwise rare and possibly unique in Irish vernacular architecture of the period.

The fire
Early on the morning of 22 March 1955, a fire broke out on the first floor landing at Florence Court, adjacent to Lady Enniskillen's bedroom. Whilst fire brigades almost had control of the fire by 9am, dry weather conditions helped re-ignite the blaze. Flames reached the roof of the building which crashed down into the hall, so that by the evening around two-thirds of the Florence Court interior lay in ruins.

Lady Enniskillen, born Mary Cicely Nevill (daughter of Hugh Nevill), discovered the fire, which broke out during one of her husband's rare absences from home. After rushing downstairs to the servant's quarters to raise the alarm, she went to nearby Killymanamly House to telephone the elderly 5th Earl of Enniskillen (1876–1963), who was at the Ulster Club in Belfast, to tell him that the house was on fire. He is said to have cried "What the hell do you think I can do about it?".

Much of the damage to the interior of Florence Court was caused by the gallons of water pumped onto the flames. The dining room, with its exquisite plasterwork decoration, was saved only by the prompt action of local builders Bertie Pierce and Ned Vaughan who, on the instructions of Viola Grosvenor, later the Duchess of Westminster, drilled six holes in the flat part of the ceiling to allow the water which had accumulated on the floor above to quickly drain away and thereby preventing ceiling collapse. Two of these holes are still evident in the dining room today.

The fire was only one of a series of events in the 1950s and 60s at Florence Court which marked the end of an era for the house and family. Following World War II falling agricultural prices, rising wage costs, death duties and a drastic reduction of the size of the demesne, the lifestyle of the 5th Earl of Enniskillen and his second wife Mary (née Nevill), was increasingly difficult to sustain. To secure the long-term future of the house, Lord Enniskillen gave Florence Court to the National Trust in 1953. It was opened to the public the following year.

In 1956, the 5th Lord Enniskillen's only son and heir Michael, Viscount Cole, died suddenly aged 36; he was unmarried. In 1961, as the restoration of the house was nearing completion, Hurricane Debbie devastated the estate. In 1963, the 5th Lord Enniskillen and his wife, Lady Enniskillen, died within three months of each other.

The 5th Earl, upon his death, was succeeded by his nephew, Captain David Lowry Cole, M.B.E. (1918–1989), in 1963, who became The Rt. Hon. The 6th Earl of Enniskillen. David Enniskillen (as he was popularly known) had spent much of his life in the Colony of Kenya, having been elected a member of the Legislative Council of Kenya in the early 1960s, just before independence. In 1955, he was divorced from his first wife Sonia (née Syers), stepdaughter of his uncle the 5th Earl (who died in 1963 with his wife, Sonia's mother). By her, he had issue: one son and one daughter.

David Enniskillen and his second wife, Nancy, Countess of Enniskillen (née Nancy MacLennan; formerly a diplomat with the United States Foreign Service), moved back to Florence Court, living there from 1964 until 1973. In that year, in the early years of The Troubles, the Earl and Countess of Enniskillen left Florence Court, moving over to Kinloch House in Kinloch, Perthshire, in Britain. David Enniskillen thus became the last Earl of Enniskillen to actually live in Florence Court. He was succeeded by his only son Andrew Cole, 7th Earl of Enniskillen, in 1989. Andrew Enniskillen continues to live on a vast estate in Kenya.

Film and television
During the spring of 2012, the BBC filmed parts of Blandings, a television comedy, at Florence Court. Most of the series, however, was filmed at Crom Castle. The series was first broadcast on BBC 1 during January and February 2013.

title: Florence Court


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Constand Viljoen

General Constand Laubscher Viljoen (28 October 1933 – 3 April 2020) was a South African Army officer and politician. He co-founded the Afrikaner Volksfront (Afrikaner People's Front) and later founded the Freedom Front (which in turn merged into the Freedom Front Plus before the 2004 election). He is partly credited with having prevented the outbreak of armed violence by disaffected white South Africans prior to post-apartheid general elections.

Military service
Viljoen matriculated at Standerton High School in 1951. He joined South Africa's pre-republic Union Defence Force at the Military Gymnasium in Voortrekkerhoogte for the Permanent Force Cadet Course of which he won the "Best Student" in 1952. He studied at the Military Academy from 1953 and graduated as Best Student in 1955 receiving a degree in military science at the University of Pretoria. He was among others Aide de Camp to Dr EG Jansen, Battery Commander at 4 Field Regiment, Instructor at the School of Artillery and Armour, OC 14 Field Regiment in Bethlehem, OC School of Artillery. Second in Command Orange Free State Command in 1968.

Col Viljoen qualified as a paratrooper at this time in Bloemfontein. OC Army College, Director of Artillery (on the staff of the Chief of the Army) and Director Management Services (on the staff of the Chief of Defence Staff). By 1974, Viljoen had been named the South African Army's, subsequently serving as the to the Chief of the South African Defence Force. He was appointed as Chief of the Army in 1977 and succeeded General Magnus Malan as in 1980. He was awarded the Master Gunner badge (crossed-barrels) in 1984.

Angolan service
Viljoen was the senior SADF military officer directing Operation Savannah in 1975. He is also credited with having planned the first major airborne assault in South African military history, the Battle of Cassinga, a raid carried out against SWAPO insurgents. Despite his rank, Viljoen was present during the battle, offering what was described as a "swashbuckling" front-line leadership, which won him the respect of many fellow soldiers.

Political career
Viljoen is credited by some with having made overtures which helped lead to white South Africans' acceptance of universal suffrage and free elections, such as with his famous speech at the Broederbond annual assembly in Voortrekkerhoogte, saying of the black South Africans in his army, As hulle kan veg vir Suid-Afrika, kan hulle stem vir Suid-Afrika! (Afrikaans: "If they can fight for South Africa, then they can vote for South Africa!").

In 1993, Viljoen and fellow retired generals formed the Afrikaner Volksfront (Afrikaner People's Front), an umbrella body for conservative Afrikaners. However, Viljoen reportedly had strained relationships with the leaders of other right-wing parties, who considered him too moderate.

Bophuthatswana action and decision to contest elections
Immediately prior to the 1994 general elections Viljoen had a force of between 50,000 and 60,000 trained paramilitary personnel at his command, with the ability to seize large sections of the country. The force was assembled in preparation for war with Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the African National Congress (ANC), as a potential contingency to protect Afrikaner interests.

In March 1994, Viljoen led an effort by several thousand Volksfront militia to protect the bantustan president, Lucas Mangope, in Bophuthatswana against a coup d'état. Despite being requested not to participate in the action because of extremist views, militants of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging also advanced into Bophuthatswana, sparking clashes with the security forces.

Immediately after the incident, Viljoen split from the Volksfront and initiated a legitimate election campaign, co-founding and becoming leader of the Freedom Front (Vryheidsfront), a new political party representing white conservatives. His decision to take part in the elections is believed to have prevented armed resistance by the far right and on the occasion of his retirement from politics, the South African government recognised him for preventing bloodshed.

Viljoen's decision was at least partly influenced by the mediation of his identical twin brother, Abraham Viljoen (Braam), who was an anti-apartheid activist while his brother led the military.

In post-apartheid South Africa
In the 1994 general election, the Freedom Front, under the leadership of Viljoen, received 2.2% of the national vote and nine seats in the National Assembly. As the VF became the strongest party outside Nelson Mandela's Government of National Unity, as the provisional 1993 Constitution required the participation of all parties over 5% of the vote, Viljoen became the de facto leader of the opposition in South Africa until the NP's departure from government in 1996, although he did not officially hold the position.

Although his supporters were at odds with the government and the ANC, Viljoen praised Mandela on the occasion of his retirement from politics in 1999, even ending his Parliamentary speech speaking in Mandela's native language, Xhosa: ''Go and have yourself a well-earned rest. Go rest in the shadow of a tree at your home''.

In 2001, Viljoen handed over the leadership of the Freedom Front to Pieter Mulder and retired from politics, citing his frustration working with a parliament dominated by the ANC.

After retirement
In 2003, it emerged that Viljoen had been a target of the Boeremag paramilitary right-wing group, which considered him a traitor who had underhandedly sold out the Afrikaner people.

In 2008 Viljoen, aged 74, put up what was described as a spirited fight against two would-be muggers, who were subsequently arrested.

Death
Current Freedom Front Plus leader Pieter Groenewald announced on 3 April 2020 that Viljoen had died on his farm in Ohrigstad, Mpumalanga. He was 86 and was surrounded by his children. Viljoen died of natural causes.

He is survived by his wife Christina Susanna Heckroodt, four sons and a daughter.

Awards and decorations

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Constand Viljoen


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Wijdan Ali

Princess Wijdan Ali (وجدان علي) (born 29 August 1939 in Baghdad, Iraq) is a Jordanian artist, art historian, educator and diplomat. She is the ex-wife of Prince 'Ali bin Naif of Jordan. She is best known for her efforts to revive the traditions of Islamic art and her abstract paintings and for her work as an art historian.

Education and career
She was born Sharifa Wijdan bint Fawwaz in Baghdad on 29 August 1939 into a noble family and was raised in Jordan. She was the daughter of Sharif Fawwaz Muhana, an architect, and his wife, Sharifa Nafi'a bint Jamil Ali. Both her parents could trace their ancestry to the Prophet Mohammed, which allowed her to be given the title of Sharifa.

In 1962, she joined the Foreign Office of the United Nations in Jordan, shortly after completing her B.A. in Middle Eastern history from Beirut University College (1961), now the Lebanese American University. She was the first woman to enter the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Jordan (1962) and also the first woman delegate to represent Jordan at United Nations meetings and the first female diplomat at the United Nations General Assembly.

While working as a diplomat, she was studying art privately and received some of her early arts training from Alice Ladoux, a French teacher. In 1966, following her marriage to Prince 'Ali bin Naif, the second son of the ruling Hashemite family on Jordan, she resigned from her diplomatic post and began to take art seriously. She then began to study art formally with the Jordanian artists Muhanna Al-Dura and Armando Bruno. She received a Ph.D. in Islamic art from the University of London in 1993.

Wijdan Ali is both a contemporary painter and art historian. Her art explores themes of universal tragedy, especially dramatic events in Arab history, such as the Karbala series, which explores the tragedy that occurred in seventh century Karbala, when the Prophet Mohammed’s grandson Hussein was martyred. She also uses the motif of Islamic calligraphy as a graphic form, which was itself a revival of a traditional art form. Her writing explores the rise and fall of an Islamic aesthetic in Islamic art and the dilution of centuries-long traditions, with the arrival of colonialism in North Africa and the Middle East.

She is founder of the Royal Society of Fine Arts and of the Jordan National Gallery of Fine Arts. She is also founder and dean of the newly established Faculty of Arts and Design at the University of Jordan. She is also a patron of the arts and has curated a number of exhibitions of Islamic art.

Princess Wijdan Bint Fawwaz Muhana took the oath of office as Jordan's new ambassador to Italy before King Abdullah II on 3 October 2006.

Work
In her art, she develops the traditions of Arabic calligraphy in a modern format and, as such, she forms part of the contemporary school of Arabic calligraphic painting. Due to her use of Arabic calligraphy as a graphic form, she has been described as a pioneer of the Hurufiyyah Art Movement. Her work, which has won awards in Belgium and France, is found in museums and private collections internationally, including the collections of the British Museum, the Ashmolean Museum, the American National Museum of Women in the Arts and the National Art Gallery, Pakistan. She has participated in the cross cultural cooperation " the Dance of Visions" in Gothenburg Sweden, invited by the Swedish artist Ragnhild Lundén. Her best known art works are a series of shimmering desert-scapes made during the 1980s.

She is a highly respected historian of Islamic art, and has authored, edited and contributed to a number of books, including several devoted to female artists in the Islamic world.

Two of her seminal works in the field, are:
 * Contemporary Art from the Islamic World, 1989
 * Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, 1997

Select list of paintings
 * Desert Hills, 1980s
 * Desert Rain, 1980s
 * Moab and Jordan Valley, 1980s
 * Hussein,  mixed media on paper, from the Karbala Series, 1993, Collection of the British, Museum, London
 * Women of Karbala, Triptych, mixed media, from the Karbala series
 * You and I are One, date unknown
 * Broken Heart, date unknown

Family and marriage
She is the daughter of Sharif Fawwaz Muhana, an architect, and Sharifa Nafi'a bint Jamil Ali. In 1966, she married Prince 'Ali bin Naif of Jordan, the grandson of King Abdullah I. Following her marriage, she became a member of the Royal family and was given the title of Her Royal Highness Princess Princess Wijdan Ali.

Children and descendants

 * Princess Na'afa bint 'Ali, b. 27 December 1966; Manager. Al-Kutaifa Estate
 * Princess Rajwa bint 'Ali, b. at Amman, 29 June 1968. Artist and sculptor; Hon. President Balqa Plastic Arts Society; Member Board of Trustees National Gallery of Fine Arts
 * Major Princess Basma Fatima bint 'Ali, b. 24 March 1970, educ. RMA Sandhurst, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., Massachusetts, USA. cmsnd. 2nd-Lieut. Jordan Arab Army, prom. Maj., Head of the Human Resources Division; Chair, Jordan Royal Ecological Diving Society (JREDS) since 1993; National Environment and Wildlife Society (NEWS) since 1996; Royal Society for the Conservation of Marine Environment; Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development and the Red Crescent Society Hon. President Fertile Crescent Society of the Middle East; and the Planetary Coral Reef Foundation, California, USA; Founder and President of the Pilot Phase Assessment Committee of Jordan for the Global Environmental Facility; Member Society for the Preservation of Jordanian Heritage; RAC of Jordan, and of the Board of Directors, Halfway House for Juvenile Delinquents (Boston, USA); Founder of the Royal Botanic Garden of Jordan; Received: Order of Merit from the Jordanian Armed Forces (1998); the King Hussein Gold Medal for Excellence; and the Medal of Administrative Competence (1995); m. 1997, Amjad Farrah, Jordanian International Rally Champion and FIA Middle East Championship for Drivers 2004. Both Princess Basma Bint Ali and HE Amjad Farrah have one daughter and two sons:
 * Ruqayya Farrah, born in Amman, 22 August 2002
 * Ali Farrah, born in Amman, 11 November 2004
 * Zeid Farrah, born in Amman, 11 November 2004
 * Prince Mohammed al-Abbas bin 'Ali, born on 17 February 1973, married to Princess Sima Abbas (Ghanem) who has a bachelor's degree in Commerce from McGill University, Montreal, Canada (B.Com. 1998). She is now one of the owners of The Linen Closet. Both Prince Abbas and Princess Sima have two sons and two daughters:
 * Prince Hamzah al-Abbas, born in Amman, 16 April 2007
 * Princess Rania al-Abbas, born in Amman, 22 March 2004
 * Princess Karma al-Abbas, born in Amman, 26 August 2002
 * Prince Haidar al-Abbas, born in Amman, 12 July 2013

title: Wijdan Ali


text: User talk:68.57.180.159

title: User talk:68.57.180.159


text:
User:Timbearcub

Designer, Mashup artist, writer, blogger and podcaster (since November 2004) : Radio Clash http://www.mutantpop.net/radioclash/

title: User:Timbearcub


text:
Beverley Daurio

Beverley Daurio (born 1953) is a Canadian writer and editor. Formerly editor-in-chief of Poetry Canada Review and editor and publisher of Paragraph: the Canadian Fiction Review (formerly Cross Canada Writers Quarterly owned by Ted Plantos), she is currently editor-in-chief of The Mercury Press. Books edited by Beverley Daurio have won or been shortlisted for numerous awards, including the Governor General's Award, City of Toronto Book Award, Books in Canada First Novel Award, the Arthur Ellis Award from the Crime Writers of Canada, and many others. Her short fiction has been published in Canada, Australia, the United States, Romania, and England, and her poetry, reviews, and literary essays have been widely published (including The Globe and Mail, Books in Canada, The Malahat Review and many other venues. If Summer Had a Knife was shortlisted for the Gerald Lampert Award. She has served on the boards of directors of various organizations, including the Literary Press Group and the Book and Periodical Council, and has been the recipient of grants in writing from the Canada Council for the Arts, the Ontario Arts Council, and the Toronto Arts Council, as well as the Barbara Deming Memorial Award (US). She was a founder of the Canadian Poetry Association in 1985.She has designed and taught creative writing courses at George Brown College, the Kingston School of Writers, and This Ain't the Rosedale Library, as well as run day-long workshops for high-school students, and has attended writing residencies in Canada and the United States (most recently at the Atlantic Centre for the Arts in Florida, studying with Master Artist William Gass). In multidisciplinary art, she has worked with choreographer and dancer Sheila Muir, choreographer Ted Fox, and with visual artist Sheila Gregory.

title: Beverley Daurio


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Livigno Alps

The Livigno Alps are a mountain range in the Alps of eastern Switzerland and northern Italy, around the Italian village Livigno. They are considered to be part of the Central Eastern Alps.

The Livigno Alps are separated from the Bernina Range in the south-west by the Bernina Pass; from the Albula Alps in the north-west by the Upper Engadin valley; from the Sesvenna Alps in the north-east by the Spöl valley; from the Ortler Alps in the east by the Passo di Fraéle and the upper Adda River valley (Valtellina).

The Livigno Alps are drained by the rivers Adda River, Inn and Rom (tributary of the Adige).

Peaks
The main peaks of the Livigno Alps are:

Passes
The main passes of the Livigno Alps are:

title: Livigno Alps


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User talk:B0at

Just say "no" to gratuitous welcome messages.

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:B0at


text:
Johannes Geldenhuys

General Johannes Jacobus (Jannie) Geldenhuys (5 February 1935 – 10 September 2018) was a South African military commander who served as Chief of the South African Defence Force from 1985 to 1990.

Early life
Geldenhuys was born in Kroonstad on 5 February 1935. He would later matriculate from Hoërskool Voortrekker in Bethlehem, Orange Free State.

Military career
He joined the army on 4 January 1954 as a candidate officer. Geldenhuys obtained a BMil from the University of Pretoria in 1956 before joining 1 Special Service Battalion. In 1965, he was based at the South African Embassy in Luanda, Angola as a Vice-Consul, a position he held until 1968. He was appointed as Army Chief of Staff Intelligence and then Army Chief of Staff Operations. He went on to high command in the South African Army, serving as commander of South West Africa Command from 1977 until 1980, when he was briefly appointed as General Officer Commanding the South West African Territorial Force. Later in 1980, he became Chief of the Army. Geldenhuys was promoted to general and assumed the position of Chief of the South African Defence Force on 31 October 1985. In this role, he took part in negotiations that brought the Border War to an end in 1989, after 23 years of fighting.

The post-Apartheid Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that when Geldenhuys and General Ian Gleeson were informed that the SADF and Security Branch had assassinated Dr Fabian Ribeiro and his wife Florence Ribeiro on 1 December 1986 they failed to pass this information onto the Attorney-General or the police. The commission concluded that they both "acted in an obstructive way for which they are legally responsible". As part of the Commission's hearings it was alleged that Geldenhuys had also authorised the use of SADF special forces personnel to support the Security Branch's operations within South Africa; he denied having done so.

Death
Geldenhuys died on 10 September 2018 due to the effects of Alzheimer's disease. He was survived by his wife Marié, daughters Anna-Marié and Lollie, and son Bruwer. Another son, Martin, predeceased him.

Medals and decorations

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title: Johannes Geldenhuys


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John Nisbet, Lord Dirleton

John Nisbet, Lord Dirleton (c. 1609–1687) was a Scottish judge remembered for his prosecution of the Covenanters.

Life
He was the son of Sir Patrick Nisbet, Lord Eastbank, a Lord of Session, in turn son of Henry Nisbet of Dean, Lord Provost of Edinburgh in 1597.

John Nisbet was admitted as an advocate in 1633, he was sheriff-depute of Edinburghshire from 1639.

In 1634 he acted for John Toash, the master of household to James Crichton of Frendraught. He was accused of burning down Frendraught Castle. Nisbet argued successfully that the case against Toash was disproved by the conviction of another suspect, John Meldrum. He defended James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose in 1641. He was appointed Lord Advocate and raised to the bench with the judicial title Lord Dirleton in 1664. He severely persecuted the Covenanters. He was a commissioner for the union of Scotland and England in 1670, and was forced to resign his position as Lord Advocate in 1677. In 1663, he purchased the estate of Dirleton, in East Lothian, which included Dirleton Castle, and constructed Archerfield House not far distant.

His Edinburgh townhouse was on the Canongate at the head of Reid's Close, built in 1624 by his father, and distinguished by a square turret projecting over the pavement.

Publications
He was author of the legal work "Law Doubts" also known as "Dirleton's Doubts".

title: John Nisbet, Lord Dirleton


text:
Geoffrey Oryema

Geoffrey Oryema (16 April 1953 – 22 June 2018) was a Ugandan musician. In 1977 after the murder of his father, Erinayo Wilson Oryema, who was a cabinet minister in the government of Idi Amin, he began his life in exile. At the age of 24, and at the height of Amin's power, Oryema was smuggled out of the country in the trunk of a car.

He sang in the languages of his youth, Swahili and Acholi, the languages of his lost country, the "clear green land" of Uganda, and he also sang in English and French.

Oryema earned his international reputation on the release of his second album, Beat the Border. He had collaborated with Peter Gabriel, Brian Eno and others, and was backed by French musicians including Jean-Pierre Alarcen (guitar) and Patrick Buchmann (drums, percussion, backing vocals), touring with WOMAD in Australia, the USA, Japan, Brazil and Europe. In 1994 the band performed at Woodstock 94 celebrating the 25th anniversary of the legendary festival.

Gabriel's record label, Real World, helped with the first three of Oryema's albums, before his move to Sony International, a label established in France, where Oryema had lived since his exile.

In July 2005, he performed at the LIVE 8: Africa Calling concert in Cornwall, and with 1 Giant Leap at the Live 8 Edinburgh concert.

He resided in Paris, France, until his death from cancer. His ashes were delivered to Anaka.

Discography

 * Exile (1990)
 * Beat the Border (1993)
 * Night to Night (1996)
 * Spirit (2000)
 * The Odysseus/Best Of (2002)
 * Words (with Melanie Gabriel) (2004)
 * From The Heart (Released on Long Tale Recordings) (2010)

title: Geoffrey Oryema


text:
The Bizarre Adventures of Woodruff and the Schnibble

Woodruff and the Schnibble of Azimuth (marketed in North America as The Bizarre Adventures of Woodruff and the Schnibble) is a 1995 French adventure game developed by Coktel Vision. The creator of the Gobliiins series, Pierre Gilhodes, worked on the game, and Woodruff shares that series' visual style, gameplay and offbeat humor, though is not an official part of the Gobliiins series or canon.

The game was released in April 1995 on Windows 3.1 (in French, English, Spanish and German), and was later released for newer Windows versions (Polish was added). Woodruff was distributed in North America in 1995 by Sierra On-Line.

Setting
Following the near-annihilation of Earth during the last atomic war, the surviving human population retreated to the center of the planet where the last traces of life-sustaining warmth remained. Waiting out the surface radiation, centuries passed before the humans finally ventured back into the world above, discovering that their planet had sprouted a lush, overgrown jungle in their absence along with various races of mutants, including a peaceful race known as the Bouzouk (spelled "Boozook" in the US release), who differ from humans by their tails, pointed ears, and extraordinarily long noses. In the societal structure of the Bouzouk there was a King and a Council of Wisemen, seven mystics who had successfully maintained universal harmony by guarding the Chprotznog, a sacred containment unit used to channel and subsequently trap evil spirits.

Having failed to learn their lesson from last time, the humans immediately waged war on the tranquil Bouzouk tribe in what became known as "The Great Battle". In a mere day, the humans destroyed the Bouzouk civilization, massacring many innocent civilians and looting their holy artifacts, including the Chprotznog. The surviving Bouzouks were enslaved and forced to construct a new society for the humans, the great vertical city of Vlurxtrznbnaxl, an economically self-sufficient city run on wind power and surrounded by rich farmland. Its citizens live in different parts of the city according to their socio-economic status: the poor live on the lower levels while the rich and powerful live on the higher levels. The remaining Bouzouk peoples became exploited and oppressed; their once great society in shambles, they're left to work menial jobs and manual labor, living uneasily alongside the humans while their deposed King now spends his days in his dilapidated castle, drinking beer and watching TV.

The present
The game begins about a century later, where the great city has since devolved into a nightmarish dystopia under the rule of a bureaucratic and totalitarian government. Heading the government is the reclusive President, who's represented by his corrupt advisor, a hideous man known only as the BigWig. In the lower levels of the city, relations between humans and Bouzouks have grown to their most tense, giving rise to a group known as the Bouzouk Freedom Party, a terrorist organization who, being natural pacifists, have yet to commit any actual acts of terrorism. Professor Azimuth, an eminent political and scientific human personality known for his work on manipulating the aging process of cells, sympathizes with the plight of the Bouzouks and becomes determined to help end their oppression. In his research, he discovers the legend of the Schnibble, a mystical entity that is believed to have the ability to cause peace and prosperity to flourish in times of need, and begins work on finding a way to unleash it. Word spreads about his goal, and Azimuth is hailed as a hero by the Bouzouk community. The word of the Schnibble also reaches the ears of the BigWig. To stave off any chance of a revolution, the BigWig and his thugs storm the home of Professor Azimuth and his young adopted half-human, half-Bouzouk son, Woodruff.

Azimuth barely has time to hide Woodruff before the BigWig breaks into their home, kidnapping the Professor and ruthlessly gunning down Woodruff's beloved teddy bear in the process, but not before befitting him with a Viblefrotzer, an invention of his own design that helps rapidly speed the aging process. Within seconds, Woodruff ages about fifteen years, finding himself now prepared (albeit without shoes or the ability to read) for an epic quest: rescue his adopted father, avenge the death of his teddy bear by exacting revenge on the BigWig, and unravel the mystery of the Schnibble to help bring harmony back to the city.

Gameplay
Woodruff's relatively simple point-and-click interface is nearly identical to the one featured in Sierra's King's Quest VII: by moving the cursor over certain objects, they'll become highlighted, indicating that it's an item or person Woodruff can interact with. Woodruff's inventory is accessed by clicking the right mouse button; clicking and dragging an inventory item onto a highlighted object will combine the two. However, if the items do not connect, Woodruff may openly mock the player.

Reception
Despite a less-than-heralded release in America, Woodruff was released to primarily positive reviews, with most praise being given to its visual style and sense of humor. Strategy Plus (now Computer Games Magazine) gave it its most notable review, claiming it was "so addictive, you may lose your job", which ended up being printed on the box's front cover and used in most of its advertisements. The review further elaborated with "…features splendid high-resolution graphics that provide further evidence that Sierra is on a roll". PC Gamer also praised the game for its "exceptional graphics and sound", comparing it to other offbeat adventure games such as Day of the Tentacle and Sam & Max Hit the Road. French magazine Joystick called it "truly wonderful" and "a real cartoon". MobyGames currently gives it a ranking of 85 out of 100.

Of the negative aspects of the game, Gamer's Zone, although having given it a positive review, complained about the often ludicrously hard puzzles, the lack of original music, and the repetitive background sound effects, complaints that were often echoed in other reviews.

Despite critical acclaim, however, Woodruff failed to find a mass audience and turned out to be a financial disappointment for Sierra, eventually slipping into obscurity behind most of the company's better-known titles. Although Woodruff has been more or less largely forgotten within the adventure game genre (so little information is there that the game's English voice actors have never been identified; the French version, however, features the voices of Edgar Givry as Woodruff and Claude Piéplu as the narrator), there still remains a small, yet devoted cult fanbase.


text:
Filonov

Filonov (Филонов) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Alexey Filonov (born 1961), Russian swimmer
 * Oleh Filonov (born 2004), Ukrainian footballer
 * Pavel Filonov (1883–1941), Russian avant-garde painter, art theorist, and poet

title: Filonov


text:
Andreas Liebenberg

General Andreas "Kat" Liebenberg (18 April 1938 – 23 May 1998) was a South African military commander. He served as General Officer Commanding South African Special Forces (1982–85), Chief of the Army (1985–90) and Chief of the South African Defence Force (1990–93).

Military career
Liebenberg joined the South African Army in 1955 and, after obtaining a BA Law degree at the University of Stellenbosch, was commissioned in 1961.

Liebenberg was posted to London as a military attache in 1969. In 1972, he returned from London to become second in command of the Army Gymnasium. Two years later he was back at Army Headquarters as a Staff Officer before becoming Director Infantry and, in December 1977, as a colonel, Officer Commanding 2 Military Area (later called Sector 10) at Oshakati. He stayed there till January 1980, when he became Director of Operations at Army Headquarters in the rank of brigadier.

Liebenberg served as General Officer Commanding South African Special Forces from 1982 to 1985, as Chief of the Army from 1985 to 1990, as Chief of Defence Force Staff for a few months in 1990, and then as Chief of the South African Defence Force from 1990 to 1993. He was a member of the defence committee of the Transitional Executive Council which supervised the South African government during the final months leading up the first democratic election in 1994.

Trial
In 1995, Liebenberg, former defence minister, General Magnus Malan, and former defence force chief, General Jannie Geldenhuys were tried for murder, as a result of a military operation in which several civilians had been killed. They were all acquitted.

title: Andreas Liebenberg


text:
Georg Meiring

General Georg Meiring (born 18 October 1939) is a South African military commander. He served as Chief of the Army (1990–93) and Chief of the South African National Defence Force (1993–98).

Military career
After obtaining a Master of Science in Physics from the University of the Orange Free State, Meiring joined the South African Army as a signals officer in 1962 and, in 1980, became Director of Signals of the South African Army.

Meiring served as Deputy Chief of the Army from 1982 to 1983 and as General Officer Commanding (GOC) South West Africa Territorial Force from 1983 to 1987. He was later GOC Far North Command, Deputy Chief of the Army again, Chief of the Army from 1990 to 1993, the last Chief of the South African Defence Force from 1993 to 1994, and the first Chief of the South African National Defence Force from 1994 to 1998.

Controversy
In February 1998, Meiring, in his capacity as the head of defence of South Africa had provided an intelligence report to President Nelson Mandela on an organisation by the name of "Front African People's Liberation Army". This report implicated many important government dignitaries on conspiracy to assassinate the president, murder judges, occupy parliament and broadcasting stations and cause mayhem in general. Later, after it was investigated by a judge, the report was claimed to be fabricated.

Awards and decorations
In 1998, Meiring was awarded the Star of South Africa, Gold. He also received the Order of the Cloud and Banner 4th class from Taiwan.

 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)
 * Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Commander.png Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Jordan)

title: Georg Meiring


text:
Sesvenna Alps

The Sesvenna Alps are a mountain range located in the Alps of eastern Switzerland, northern Italy and western Austria.

Geography
Sesvenna Alps are considered to be part of the Central Eastern Alps. Their high dolomitic peaks overlook Scuol in the lower Engadine Valley, warranting them the name Engadine Dolomites.

The Sesvenna Alps are separated from the Samnaun, Silvretta and Albula Alps in the north-west by the Engadine Valley; from the Livigno Alps in the south-west by the Spöl valley; from the Ortler Alps in the south-south-west by the Ofen Pass and Val Müstair; from the Ötztal Alps in the east by the upper Adige valley and the Reschen Pass. The range is drained by the rivers Inn (the Engadine) and Adige.

The highest peak is Piz Sesvenna, closely followed by the high peaks overlooking Scuol: Piz Pisoc, Piz Plavna Dadaint and Piz Lischana.

Peaks
The main peaks of the Sesvenna Alps are:

Passes
The main passes of the Sesvenna Alps are:

title: Sesvenna Alps


text:
Drop It Like It's Hot

"Drop It Like It's Hot" is a song by American rapper Snoop Dogg featuring fellow American musician Pharrell Williams. It was released on September 27, 2004, as the lead single from Snoop Dogg's seventh studio album, R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece (2004). The song was produced by the Neptunes. It is regarded as an iconic song, with Snoop performing the chorus and the second and third verses while Pharrell performs the first verse.

The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks, making it both artists' first number one on the chart. It was also Snoop's fourth top-ten as a solo artist, first since 2003's "Beautiful" (the others being 1993's "What's My Name?" and 1994's "Gin and Juice"). The song also gave him his first number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It also peaked at number one for four consecutive weeks in New Zealand, and number ten in the UK Singles Chart. It gained some critical attention for its minimal, extremely sparse production, consisting of tongue clicks, keyboards, a drum machine beat and white noise. It was nominated at the 2005 Grammy Awards for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group. Two songs "Jesus Walks" by Kanye West and "Let's Get It Started" by Black Eyed Peas respectively won the former and latter awards. The single was Pharrell's biggest hit worldwide, until 2013's "Get Lucky", "Blurred Lines", and "Happy", the latter being his biggest single as a lead artist.

On December 10, 2009, "Drop It Like It's Hot" was named the most popular rap song of the decade by Billboard.

Origin of song title
The phrase "drop it like it's hot" was already in common use before the song was released, and had been used in various songs since the 1990s. It is a metaphorical description of a dance move commonly performed by women, and is performed by various women throughout the music video. It was used in Positive K's 1992 album The Skills Dat Pay Da Bills, in the song "Ain't No Crime." FAT PAT used the phrase in his single Ghetto Dreams recorded in 1997. It was also used by Lil Wayne as a guest rapper on Juvenile's 1999 hit single "Back That Azz Up" from his album 400 Degreez, and in his own song called "Drop It Like It's Hot" from his 1999 debut album Tha Block is Hot featuring B.G. and Mannie Fresh. Clark Kent said "drop it like it's hot" in the song "Cashmere Thoughts" from Jay-Z's 1996 debut album, Reasonable Doubt. DJ Quik used the phrase in the song "Sexuality" from his album Balance & Options. Another song with the same name is "Drop It Like It's Hot", sung by the Big Tymers, and featuring Chilli, Juvenile, and Lac. This version of the song was featured in the Big Tymers' predecessor of their debut, How You Luv That Vol. 2.

Outside of hip-hop, it was also the title of a song on indie rock band Minus the Bear's 2002 EP Bands Like It When You Yell "Yar!" at Them.

Critical reception
USA Today called the song "scorching". Rolling Stone's Tom Moon said "The serpentine down-tempo single 'Drop It Like It's Hot', produced by the Neptunes, links Snoop's slyly exuberant delivery to a relentless dance-floor bounce". Steve "Flash" Juon of Rap Reviews wrote: "the stripped down sound of the Neptunes produced 'Drop it Like It's Hot' has produced one of Snoop's biggest hits to date. Ironically it may be in some ways more gangsterish than his "Deep Cover" debut in some aspects, but he's so chill about his delivery it doesn't sound the least bit menacing: That's quintessential Snoop for you - hard when you're not looking, but still velvet enough to appeal to the ladies and drive off in a fly Mercedes". Similarly, AllMusic's David Jeffries stated: "the ultrahot production team the Neptunes' contribution to the killer single 'Drop It Like It's Hot' had been duly noted, but lost in all the chatter was how inspired and on-fire Snoop sounds".

Music video
The music video of the single was released in 2004. It was directed by Paul Hunter and shot in black-and-white. It shows Snoop Dogg doing the dance step known as the Crip Walk in the very beginning and end. The video included both of Snoop Dogg's sons, Corde and Cordell. Other appearances in the video include Terry Kennedy, Lauren London, Pharrell Williams' fellow Neptunes member Chad Hugo, and Pusha T.

The video won the award for the best hip hop video at the 2006 MTV Australia Video Music Awards and a MOBO Award for Best Video in 2005.

Radio edits
There are two radio edits for the song: one is a standard radio edit that removes profanities and drug references while the other is an "Extra Clean" edit that removes phrases with gun and gang references (and the word "roll" from the chorus) as well.

North America
"Drop It Like It's Hot" was the highest-ranking debut for the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated October 2, 2004, entering the chart at number 51. The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks from December 10, 2004. The song also reached number one on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, Rap Songs, Rhythmic Songs, Digital Songs and Hot 100 Airplay.

Since its release the song has been certified Gold by the RIAA. The Mastertone (ringtone) version received certification of double platinum by the RIAA.

Europe
The single reached number ten on the UK Singles Chart, and reached the top ten in several countries.

Oceania
The song topped the Recorded Music NZ for four weeks, making it Snoop Dogg's first number one on the chart.

Track listing

 * CD single
 * 1) Drop It Like It's Hot (featuring Pharrell) — 4:32
 * 2) Get 2 Know U (featuring Jelly Roll) — 3:36

Remixes

 * The official remix features new verses from Snoop Dogg, Pharrell Williams, and a verse from Jay-Z dissing R. Kelly for suing him, which appeared on the bonus CD of the Boss'n Up DVD.MTV
 * English drum and bass producer Roni Size performed a remix with Dynamite MC on BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge on January 10, 2005.
 * Glitch-hop producer Edit also created an unofficial, unreleased remix, which can be found on various mixtapes.
 * Lil Wayne released a remix of the song, titled "Nah This Ain't the Remix", on his mixtape The Dedication. He takes shots at Snoop Dogg for using his line, with lines like "don't touch my shit nigga" and "I rock a red flag.." However, he claimed that he was not mad at Snoop, saying in the song, "When I first heard this I got a little upset but then I thought to myself, what haven't I done yet?" and later, "Nah, I ain't hatin', don't get me wrong, I made it a hot line, you made it a hot song. Peace." It can be taken as a reference to Jay-Z's song dissing Nas, "Takeover", in which Jay-Z says: "I sampled your voice, you was usin' it wrong, you made it a hot line, I made it a hot song."

Mashups

 * Mashup artist Party Ben mashed "Drop It Like It's Hot" with the Led Zeppelin song "Whole Lotta Love".
 * dj BC mashed up the song with Nu Shooz's I Can't Wait.
 * A mashup by an unknown artist was featured in the 10th Victoria's Secret Fashion Show in 2005. It is mashed with the song Plaine Ma Plaine by French composer Paul Mauriat. The mashup was uploaded to the streaming platform SoundCloud in 2013 by Kurt Mamisao; however, he is not considered the artist who originally made the mashup.

Samples

 * Jamie Foxx's hit "Blame It" (featuring T-Pain) sampled the song with a cameo appearance by Snoop Dogg at the 2009 BET Awards.

Parodies

 * MADtv did a parody music video of "Drop It Like It's Hot" called "Smokin' Too Much Pot." (The real song also contains references to marijuana.)
 * A remix of the song uses a new sample of the Gap Band song "Outstanding". The remix features E-40, Killer Mike, Warren G and Jadakiss.
 * British comedian Lenny Henry performed an elaborate parody of the song, complete with a music video closely mimicking that of the original, on the second episode of his 2005 comedy series, The Lenny Henry Show.
 * "Weird Al" Yankovic included a few lines from the song in "Polkarama!", a medley of popular songs set to polka music on his 2006 release Straight Outta Lynwood.
 * Carlos Mencia parodied rappers who went to jail in his new rap video on Mind of Mencia. He parodied Snoop's "Drop It Like It's Hot", DMX's "Ruff Ryders Anthem" and Mystikal's "Shake It Fast".
 * Bulgarian comedy rappers DJ Damian & Dinamit parodied the video of "Drop It Like It's Hot" and Fat Joe's song Lean Back (Remix) (produced by Lil Jon) in their song "Kachak" ("Къчак") satirizing the lifestyle of the gypsies of Bulgaria.
 * The music video was parodied by country group Hot Apple Pie for their 2005 video "Hillbillies".
 * Snoop Dogg adapted the song to "Pocket Like It's Hot" in an advertising campaign for Hot Pockets
 * Iman "Alphacat" Crosson made a parody of the song which focuses on Barack Obama's presidency and his health care, ObamaCare.
 * Kendrick Lamar parodied the song on his first mixtape Hub City Threat: Minor Of The Year (2004).

Covers and other media

 * The song was covered by the German band The BossHoss on their 2007 release Stallion Battalion.
 * Jimmy Fallon and Justin Timberlake covered the song in a "History of Rap" skit.
 * The song was covered by German singer Lena Meyer-Landrut.

Soundtrack appearances

 * The song appears in the game Dance Central for Kinect on the Xbox 360, in a commercial for the soft drink Sun Drop, the 2013 animated film Turbo and its soundtrack (using the clean radio version) and the 2019 animated film The Addams Family (In which Snoop Dogg also starred in).
 * The song was featured on the NBA 2K15 soundtrack.
 * The song was featured in The Wire, Season 3, Episode 12, "Mission Accomplished".
 * A remixed version of the song is available as downloadable content for the music video game series Rock Band. The song features the original vocal track (censored to maintain an ESRB "Teen" rating) with an added electric guitar and bass line, as well as an expanded drum pattern.

Trivia

 * Snoop Dogg's cousin Sasha Banks took her stage name and persona The Boss from the lyrics "Da Big Bo$$ Dogg, yeah I had to do that" after the late Dusty Rhodes mentioned to her about Snoop being her cousin after struggling to create a persona for the WWE.
 * Coincidentally, at WrestleMania 32, Snoop escorted Sasha (and performed a freestyle rap) for her entrance and also changed the lyrics "I'm a gangsta, but y'all knew that/Da Big Bo$$ Dogg, yeah I had to do that" to "She's a legit boss, but y'all knew that/Da Big Bo$$ Dogg, yeah I had to do that" in her entrance music.
 * The song was performed at the 2011 Mnet Asian Music Awards alongside The Next Episode during the "Legendary Hip-hop stage" segment.
 * In 2018, Ski Mask the Slump God released the Stokeley album, which featured "Foot Fungus", an interpolation of "Drop It Like It's Hot".

Legacy
The hand motioned dance featured near the beginning of the music video became an internet meme and has been used in numerous internet videos from well-known online creators.

title: Drop It Like It's Hot


text:
Ja'afar Tuqan

Ja'afar Tuqan (جعفر طوقان; 19 January 1938 – 25 November 2014) was a Palestinian-Jordanian architect.

Early life
Ja'afar Tuqan was born in 1938 in Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine. He was the son of the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan, writer of the poem Mawtini, the current national anthem of Iraq. He was also the nephew of both the Jordanian Prime Minister Ahmad Toukan and the Palestinian poet Fadwa Tuqan and thus a member of the Tuqan family. Tuqan graduated from the American University of Beirut in 1960.

He worked upon graduating from AUB at the Jordanian Ministry of Public Works as a design architect, and then joined the firm Dar al-Handasah Consulting Engineers at their head offices in Beirut. In 1968, he established a private practice in Beirut, and in 1973, formed the partnership Rais and Tukan Architects, which later became Jafar Tukan and Partners Architects and Engineers, and was relocated to Amman, Jordan following the Lebanese Civil war during the mid-1970s. In 2003, Jafar Tukan and Partners Architects and Engineers merged with the Jordanian firm Consolidated Consultants for Engineering and the Environment.

Career
Tuquan designed the Municipality of Amman in Ras al Ayn in association with Rasem Badran, and he belonged to several committees including that of the National Gallery. Ja'afar Tuqan also designed the Royal Automobile Museum, The Jordan Museum, the Yasser Arafat Museum in Ramallah, the Mahmoud Darwish Museum in Ramallah, the Central Bank of Jordan building and the Jordan Gate Towers. He was the recipient of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture for his 1991 design of a Children's Village in Aqaba, Jordan.

Tuqan served on the Board of Trustees of the Palestinian Art Court – Al Hoash.

Death
Tuquan died on 25 November 2014 in Amman, Jordan.

title: Ja'afar Tuqan


text:
Omar Al-Abdallat

Omar Al-Abdallat (عمر العبداللات; transliterated: `Umar al-`Abdallāt) is a Jordanian singer-songwriter credited with popularizing Bedouin music. He has produced and/or performed a number of Jordanian patriotic standards, including "Hashimi, Hashimi" and "Jeishana" in addition to traditional Jordanian songs. He has also represented Jordan in multicultural events throughout the world. He is also popular in various cities of other Arab countries.

Awards

 * Order of Culture, Science and Arts the "level of brilliance"

title: Omar Al-Abdallat


text:
Talk:Towns of the Faroe Islands

[Untitled]
Can someone make it clear to me if it's OK to copy the information off of www.faroeislands.dk ? That webpage refers to a Reference Page that lists publications of unknown copyright. Is it OK to just copy these things into Wikipedia? I'm wondering because a number of the pages contain grammatical attrocities that have become part of Wikipedia, and I was starting to work through them when I realized that they are all simply taken from www.faroeislands.dk (!)

What's the deal here, what is allowed? /jugander

Change to table
I decided to extract and tabulate the raw data from the 116 pages on the faroeislands.dk site to display on this page - instead of just having a list of towns and villages that you had to click on.

Regarding copyright, I find this quote from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright#Contributors.27_rights_and_obligations helpful:
 * Note that copyright law governs the creative expression of ideas, not the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Wikipedia.

I agree with jugander that the current individual village pages (linked to from here) appear to be straight textual copies of the text from faroeislands.dk and as such they do infringe copyright. These pages should be paraphrased, rewritten, and the sources of the information clearly acknowledged. Euchiasmus 21:21, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Copyright violation or not?
Regarding the question as to whether the individual town/village pages (like Árnafjørður) infringe the copyright of the corresponding pages on faroeislands.dk (like http://www.faroeislands.dk/pages/ArnafjordurIndex.htm)...

 * the History of the Árnafjørður article shows it was originally created by User:Jfo
 * Jfo's talk page has a comment from Vague Rant 10:06, Nov 9, 2004, which I quote:

 * ''Sorry, I wasn't aware that the site you were taking the info from is your own. I'll restore your articles. Please, feel free to continue to contribute to Wikipedia, we value what knowledge you can bring.

 * I cannot find the other parts of this conversation, but if it refers to the town/village pages, it implies that Jfo did not infringe copyright in creating this page if the faroeislands.dk site is his own. However, he only did some of the towns and villages - if anyone else were to continue the job of copying content from faroeislands.dk into Wikipedia, I guess they would be infringing Jfo's copyright?

Euchiasmus 05:14, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Kambsdalur
You ought to put Kambsdalur in the south of Fuglafjørður on this list

Type
Why is this list alphabetical? It would make more sense if it was by population. Gob Lofa (talk) 20:42, 7 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Towns of the Faroe Islands


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11th Dáil

The 11th Dáil was elected at the 1943 general election on 23 June 1943 and met on 1 July 1943. The members of Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature) of Ireland, are known as TDs. It sat with the 4th Seanad as the two Houses of the Oireachtas.

The Dáil adjourned sine die on 10 May 1944, the day after President Douglas Hyde called a general election for 30 May at the request of the Taoiseach Éamon de Valera. The 11th Dáil was dissolved on 7 June 1944. Exceptionally, the outgoing Dáil was not dissolved until after the election. Although the Constitution requires the President to dissolve the Dáil before a general election, this procedure was overridden by the General Elections (Emergency Provisions) Act 1943. The act, which would have been unconstitutional if not for the state of emergency in effect during the Second World War, was intended to increase national security by minimising the interval during which no Dáil was in existence. The 13th Dáil lasted days.

There were no by-elections during this Dáil.

Composition of the 11th Dáil
Government party denoted with bullet

Graphical representation
This is a graphical comparison of party strengths in the 11th Dáil from July 1943. This was not the official seating plan.

Ceann Comhairle
On 1 July 1943, Frank Fahy (FF), who had served as Ceann Comhairle since 1932, was proposed by Éamon de Valera and seconded by Seán T. O'Kelly for the position, and was elected without a vote.

TDs by constituency
The list of the 138 TDs elected, is given in alphabetical order by Dáil constituency.

title: 11th Dáil


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Léo Dandurand

Joseph Viateur "Léo" Dandurand (July 9, 1889 – June 26, 1964), was an American-Canadian sportsman and businessman. He was the owner and coach of the Montreal Canadiens ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). He also was an owner of race tracks and of the Montreal Alouettes football team in the league that evolved into the Canadian Football League.

Personal life
Dandurand was born in Bourbonnais, Illinois, with most of his family either migrating or born there:

 * Great grandfather Christome Marcel Dandurand (1784–1865) was born in Baie-Saint-Paul, Quebec, and died in Bourbonnais in 1865.
 * Grandfather Luc Dandurand was born in La Prairie, Quebec, in 1827, and died in 1903 in Kankakee, Illinois.
 * Father Francois Xavier Dandurand (1859–1896) lived in Illinois his entire life.

He moved to Canada when he was 16 years old and attended St. Mary's College where he was an athlete in baseball, hockey and lacrosse. After graduating, he became involved in real estate and later in wholesale tobacco in the Montreal area. His first sports investment was the Kempton Park racetrack in Laprairie. After his retirement from professional sports, he owned a successful restaurant in downtown Montreal. He died of a heart attack on June 26, 1964, at the age of 74. He was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.

Ice hockey and the Montreal Canadiens
He was a referee in the National Hockey Association and was involved with the St. Jacques minor hockey team in the Montreal area. He was a representative at the founding of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association in 1914. He is considered the inventor of the rule in ice hockey limiting the number of concurrent penalties to two.

On November 2, 1921, Dandurand and his partners, Joseph Cattarinich and Hilarion Louis Létourneau, purchased the Montreal Canadiens hockey club from the widow of George Kennedy for $11,000. Under their ownership, the Canadiens won the Stanley Cup in 1924, 1930, and 1931. Dandurand coached the team until 1926 and was the coach for the 1934–35 season. Dandurand was also the team's general manager from 1921 until 1935. Létourneau sold his stake in the club in 1930, and Dandurand and Cattarinich continued as owners until selling the team in 1935 for $165,000.

Leo Dandurand was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963 as a builder.

Other sports interests
Along with hockey, Dandurand and his partners were heavily involved with horse racing. In 1932, they bought Blue Bonnets Raceway in Montreal. They owned 17 tracks in Quebec, Ontario, New York, Ohio, Delaware, Illinois, Utah, and Louisiana at the time of Cattarinich's death in 1938. In 1931, he introduced the daily double exotic bet at the Connaught Park Racetrack to encourage bettors to attend the early races.

Dandurand was also a boxing and wrestling promoter in Montreal and a director of the Montreal Royals baseball team.

In 1946, Dandurand founded the Montreal Alouettes football team with Eric Cradock and Lew Hayman. In 1949 Montreal Alouettes defeated Calgary Stampeders 28-15 to win the Grey Cup. The team played in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union, which later became the CFL's east division. Leo Dandurand got name on the Grey Cup as the President of the Alouettes. He only 1 of 6 persons to get their names on the Grey Cup and Stanley Cup. (See Carl Voss, Lionel Conacher, Joe Miller, Norman Kwong & Wayne Gretzky). The Leo Dandurand Trophy is a CFL award presented each year to the most outstanding lineman in the East Division.

title: Léo Dandurand


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User:Dynamo ace

Welcome to Dynamo_ace's wikipedia pad

Profile
Name:Dynamo_ace

Place:Birmingham,UK

Hobbies:Computers, music, badminton, writing fanfiction

Likes:Computer games, creating games, anime.

Dislikes:Corruption, Nut based products.

Fav. Music type: Dance, techno, trance, garage, rock, plus others that feel good.

Fav. Game type:RTS, TBS, Action, RPG, beat em up.

Consoles:Xbox

Web sites:Dreamer's fanfiction-

Award cabinet
Not sure if this was an actual reward but ♥♥purplefeltangel♥♥ gave me this for being a sport with a certian set of contributions. Awarded? 25 October 2005

A excellent spoting of a (as i call it) double back vandlism led the way to the RickK Anti-Vandalism Barnstar, awarded by Coolcat (and MegamanZero if he got their first! hehehe!) on 12 December 2005

Contributions
Articles

The Basil Brush Show (2002) (Cleaned up article)

Sayoko Mishima (Added new image)

Belldandy (Added new image)

Talk:Clow Cards (All new article)

Clow Cards (Enchanced article)

Dick and Dom in da Bungalow (amendments)

Watchdog (television) (Added "rogue traders" to spinoff list.)

Talk:The Omar (All new article)

Cardcaptor Sakura (Enhanced article)

Majestic 12 (Deus Ex) (Enhanced article)

Talk:RPG Maker

Talk:Totally Spies

Talk:Cardcaptor Sakura

Talk:Gerry Anderson's New Captain Scarlet

Juice Games (Enhanced article)

Talk:Star Wars:Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords

Star Wars:Force Commander (Corrected a mistake)

Talk:Princess Maker

Talk:Sakura Kinomoto

Talk:Hypnofetishism

Eriol Hiiragizawa (Refited arctile)

Clow Cards A-F (Made corrections)

Template:User AMG (New Userbox)

Images

Image:Sayoko Mishima (Oh My Goddess!).png

+1 image removed due to "fair use" problems. A concern in my opinion.

title: User:Dynamo ace


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Jon Bogdanove

Jon Bogdanove is an American comics artist and writer. He is best known for his work on Power Pack and Superman: The Man of Steel, as well as for creating the character Steel with writer Louise Simonson in 1993.

Comics
After attending the School of Visual Arts, Jon Bogdanove's first work for Marvel Comics was Alpha Flight #32 (March 1986). He then became the regular artist on Power Pack as of #22 (May 1986) and would draw that title for the next four years. Bogdanove collaborated with writer Chris Claremont on the Fantastic Four vs. the X-Men limited series in 1987 and with Louise Simonson on the X-Factor series the following year. In 1991, Bogdanove began drawing for DC Comics. He, Louise Simonson, and editor Mike Carlin launched a new Superman title, Superman: The Man of Steel —which Bogdanove would draw for nearly eight years until #85 (Jan. 1999). He contributed to the "Panic in the Sky" storyline in 1992. That same year, Bogdanove and Simonson (along with Carlin, Dan Jurgens, Roger Stern and others) were the architects of The Death of Superman storyline, in which Superman died and was resurrected. It was during that storyline, in The Adventures of Superman #500 (June 1993), that Simonson and Bogdanove introduced their character Steel, who graduated to his own title in February 1994. The character went on to feature in an eponymous feature film starring Shaquille O'Neal in 1997. The Bogdanove-drawn Superman: The Man of Steel #30 (Feb. 1994) had a variant edition packaged in a polybag. The logo and all cover copy were printed on the bag and vinyl clings (similar to Colorforms) were included for a do-it-yourself front and back cover. Bogdanove was one of the many artists who contributed to the Superman: The Wedding Album one-shot in 1996 wherein the title character married Lois Lane.

After leaving the Superman: The Man of Steel title, Bogdanove drew two intercompany crossovers for DC Comics: Superman & Savage Dragon: Metropolis (Nov. 1999) co-published with Image Comics and Superman / Aliens II: God War (May 2002 – Nov. 2002) co-published with Dark Horse Comics. Bogdanove reunited with Louise Simonson for the DC Retroactive: Superman – The '90s one-shot in October 2011. In 2023, he did the artwork on two new Steel stories, written by Simonson, for The Death of Superman 30th Anniversary Special #1 and The Return of Superman 30th Anniversary Special #1.

Film
Bogdanove has participated with his son, Kal-El Bogdanove, on assorted film projects including Hansel & Gretel (2006) and the Lady of the Isle television series.

Awards
Bogdanove received an Inkpot Award at the San Diego Comic-Con International in 2013.

Relatives
Bogdanove is the grandson of muralist Abraham Bogdanove.

DC Comics

 * 52 #15 (Origin of Steel) (2006)
 * Action Comics #600 (one page only), #667 (1988, 1991)
 * Adventures of Superman #480, 500 (1991–1993)
 * Batman #566 (1999)
 * Batman '66 #24 (2015)
 * Batman '66 Meets the Green Hornet  #5 (2014)
 * Countdown #21, 15 (2008)
 * DC Comics Presents: The Atom #1 (2004)
 * DC Infinite Halloween Special #1 (2007)
 * DC Retroactive: Superman – The 90's #1 (2011)
 * The Death of Superman #11 (webcomic) (2018)
 * The Death of Superman 30th Anniversary Special #1 (2023)
 * The Multiversity Guide Book #1 (2015)
 * Newstime #1 (1993)
 * The Return of Superman 30th Anniversary Special #1 (2023)
 * Sandman Special #1 (2017)
 * Secret Origins of Super-Villains 80–Page Giant #1 (1999)
 * Steel #1–3 (writer) (1994)
 * Steel Annual #1 (Elseworlds) (writer) (1994)
 * Steel: The Official Movie Adaptation (1997)
 * Superman vol. 2 #57, 200 (1991, 2004)
 * Superman vol. 3 #50 (2016)
 * Superman Forever #1 (1998)
 * Superman Red/Superman Blue #1 (1998)
 *  Superman: Secret Files & Origins 2004 (Mxyzptlk story) (2004)
 * Superman: The Man of Steel #1–68, 75–82, 85, #0, 134 (1991–1999, 2003)
 * Superman: The Wedding Album # (1996)
 * Who's Who in the DC Universe #11–13 (1991)
 * Who's Who in the DC Universe Update 1993 #1–2 (1992–1993)
 * Who's Who Update '87 #5 (1987)

DC Comics and Dark Horse Comics

 * Superman/Aliens II: God War #1–4 (2002)

DC Comics and Image Comics

 * Superman & Savage Dragon: Metropolis #1 (1999)

Malibu Comics

 * Firearm #5 (1994)

Marvel Comics

 * Adventures in Reading Starring the Amazing Spider-Man #1 (promo) (1990)
 * Alpha Flight #32 (1986)
 * Fantastic Four vs. the X-Men #1–4 (1987)
 * The Incredible Hulk vol. 3 #33 (2001)
 * New Mutants Annual #5, 7 (1989–1991)
 * Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe #7, 10, 12 (1986)
 * Power Pack #22–27, 29, 31–33, 35–36, 42–44, 47–49, 54 (1986–1990)
 * Solomon Kaine #5 (1986)
 * What The--?! #1, 8 (1988–1990)
 * X-Factor #58, 60–62, Annual #4–5 (1989–1991)
 * X-Terminators #1–4 (1988–1989)

Storm King Comics

 * John Carpenter's Tales for a HalloweeNight vol. 1–3 (2015–2017)

title: Jon Bogdanove