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Motor Sich Airlines

Motor Sich is a Ukrainian airline based in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. It operates passenger and cargo services, including charter and scheduled flights. Its main base is Zaporizhzhia International Airport.

History
The airline was established in 1984 and is wholly owned by the Motor Sich Joint Stock Company, an aircraft-engine company. On 24 February 2022, Ukraine closed its airspace to civilian flights due to the Russian invasion. The airline has suspended all flights until further notice.

Destinations

 * Belarus
 * Minsk - Minsk National Airport (suspended following the diverting of Ryanair Flight 4978)

 * Ukraine
 * Kyiv - Kyiv Zhuliany International Airport
 * Lviv - Lviv Danylo Halytskyi International Airport
 * Mykolaiv - Mykolaiv Airport
 * Odesa - Odesa International Airport
 * Zaporizhzhia - Zaporizhzhia International Airport

 * Saudi Arabia
 * Riyadh - King Khalid International Airport

Codeshare agreements
Motor Sich Airlines has had a codeshare agreement with Belavia.

Current fleet
As of November 2017, the Motor Sich fleet includes the following aircraft

Previously operated
The airline has also previously operated

 * 5 Antonov An-26 registration (UR-26199 / UR-26016 / UR-26113 / UR-26598 / UR-BXF )
 * 1 Antonov An-12 registration UR-48975

Accidents
On 2 July 2022, an Antonov An-12 (registration number UR-11316) transporting military cargo from Istanbul, Turkey skidded the runway while landing in Uzhhorod Airport. The aircraft suffered light damage.

title: Motor Sich Airlines


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Elizabeth Sanchez

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete Zzyzx11 (Talk) 06:03, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Elizabeth Sanchez
More fantasy from the same author as Cynthia Vargas. Allmusic doesn't know anything about this multi-platinum recording artist, and I would think her website would be something more professional than a geocities page. Every Google hit I do for her turns up nothing. "Elizabeth Sanchez" +TVyNovelas, "Elizabeth Sanchez" +"Tyler Hilton", "Elizabeth Sanchez" "On the Run", "Elizabeth Sanchez" "Trouble Today" are all zeros. RickK 23:48, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Chill Pill Bill 00:42, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Xcali 00:56, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete fight the vanity--Sophitus 01:33, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete everyone already knows my thoughts. <>Who 03:47, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Geocities web site made up my mind about notability. Mr Bound 17:55, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN, vanity.  dunerat 12:53, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I love it.  All this money (she's an hieress) and all we have is geocities?  This made my day.  I'll be laughing for another fifteen minutes.  WOW!!! (Ryan Cabrera is her opening act?  Hmm, no info on Ashlee's show, nor Ryan's website, nor Billboard no a listing in Sam Goody (I can't believe I walked to the store to ask). No alberto or Cynthia in Sam Goody's catalog either.  Nothing on Amazon (and ANYBODY can sell, even an underground indie  indie there).  Everyone say it with me.  PSYCHIATRIST  :-)  Everybody sing!!  Antares33712 17:31, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment, curiously enough a search on "Robert Sanchez" does turn up something. He is a liutenant in the Klingon army.  Star Trek anyone?  HAHAHA  Antares33712 17:36, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, she has a hit.  152.163.101.9 02:23, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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GetBackers

GetBackers (ゲットバッカーズ -奪還屋-) is a Japanese manga series written by Yuya Aoki and illustrated by Rando Ayamine. It was serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine from March 1999 to February 2007, with its chapters collected in 39 tankōbon volumes. The plot follows the "GetBackers", a group that retrieves anything that was lost. The team is primarily composed of Ban Mido, a man born with the illusionary technique "Evil Eye", and Ginji Amano the former leader of a gang called "The Volts", a powerful group in the dangerous territory called the Infinity Fortress in Shinjuku.

A 49-episode anime television series adaptation animated by Studio Deen was broadcast on TBS from October 2002 to September 2003. The manga series was licensed for English release in North America by Tokyopop, which released 27 volumes between February 2004 and December 2008; their license expired in 2009.

Plot
The series tells the story of Ginji Amano and Ban Mido, a pair of super-powered individuals known as the "GetBackers". The duo operates a freelance repossession service out of one of the seedier areas of Shinjuku, Tokyo. For a fee, they will recover any lost or stolen item for a client with "an almost 100% success rate". The GetBackers' job often leads them into bizarre and dangerous situations in order to "get back what shouldn't be gone". Their targets range from lost video games to misplaced components of an atomic bomb. The plot mostly revolves around their adventures, often complicated by the pair's convoluted, individual pasts and a mysterious place known as the Infinity Fortress (Limitless Fortress in the anime dub).

A conglomeration of disused, condemned buildings clustered together to form a self-contained habitat, Infinity Fortress is subdivided into three specific tiers – Lower Town, the Beltline and Babylon City. Lower Town is the lowest in altitude, with several layers extending below ground level. The Beltline, the most dangerous area of the Infinity Fortress, is ruled by Der Kaiser, Ban's father. Babylon City, the uppermost level, is said to be where the Brain Trust resides and is the home of Ginji's mother. In actuality, Babylon City is what one might consider the real world, with everything else being a virtual reality creation. Only those who have won the Ogre Battle may enter Babylon City and when that happens, they can change the world as they see fit. Both Ban and Ginji go to the Fortress with Ban wishing to rescue a kidnapped Himiko from Kagami, and Ginji finding a possibility to meet his mother. Going to the Beltline, the GetBackers encounter various warriors taking orders from a being known as Voodoo King from Babylon City. The Voodoo King seeks to obtain three "keys" which will help him unlock the gates from Babylon City sealed by Ban's grandmother several years ago. After finding the three keys: Shido's chimera spirit, Himiko's mirror and the GetBackers, the Voodoo King is faced by Ginji, Thunder Emperor alter-ego attacks him in a clash which destroys the Voodoo King and making Raitei disappear forever as he existed to balance the scales. With Voodoo King gone, Raitei's purpose was fulfilled and he disappeared forever. Following this, both Ban and Ginji face each other in Ogre Battle with Ban giving up, impressed with Ginji's will. Ginji goes to Babylon City where he meets his mother from a parallel universe, who explains how she created the Fortress and its surrounding world. Following a discussion between the two of them, the Fortress' world remains unchanged except that the virtual people living become real beings. Ban and Ginji continue their retrieval job, ending the series when requested to go on a mission that will lead them to meet Ban's mother.

The plot of the anime adaptation of GetBackers follows the manga's closely until the first season's ending. The second season features various stand alone episodes focused in the GetBackers' missions, while also two story arcs, the second ending the anime series with an open ending.

Development
Yuya Aoki conceived the idea of GetBackers two years before it started serialization. By that time he had few notes about it. Aoki remembers giving many troubles to his editor when he started writing it, but was glad he could finish it. The character of Ban Mido was originally meant to appear in another series from Aoki, but his editor liked it and wanted it to be one of the manga's protagonists. Ginji was meant to appear in the series, but his original personality was first meant to belong to Ban.

Manga
GetBackers, written by Yuya Aoki and illustrated by Rando Ayamine, was serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga Weekly Shōnen Magazine from March 23, 1999, to February 21, 2007. Kodansha collected its chapters in 39 tankōbon volumes, released from August 17, 1999, to April 17, 2007. An additional one-shot chapter was published in Magazine Special on February 20, 2009.

GetBackers was licensed for an English language release in North America by Tokyopop, who first announced it in the Anime Expo 2004 in July 2003. Tokyopop divided the manga in two parts: GetBackers featuring the first twenty-five and GetBackers: Infinity Fortress the following ones. The volumes were published from February 10, 2004, to July 7, 2008; only the first two volumes of Infinity Fortress were released. On August 31, 2009, Tokyopop announced that the rights to the series had expired.

An artbook, titled G/B was released on March 15, 2005. A guidebook, titled GetBackers: The Last Piece, was released on April 17, 2007, containing information about the series' plot, characters, and popularity polls.

Anime
The anime adaptation of the GetBackers series was produced by Studio Deen and was directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi and Keitaro Motonaga. The series premiered on Tokyo Broadcasting System in Japan on October 5, 2002 and ran for forty-nine episodes until September 20, 2003. The series was released to Region 2 DVD in Japan by TBS in seventeen individual volumes with three episodes per disc. The anime's music was composed by Taku Iwasaki, and two original soundtracks were released by Pioneer Corporation on January 24 and July 25, 2003.

The anime was first licensed in English by ADV Films. ADV released the English dubbed series in a total of ten DVD volumes from August 24, 2004 to November 1, 2005. Compilations volumes from the seasons 1 and 2 were also released on October 10, 2006 and January 2, 2007, while a full compilation of the series was published on January 15, 2008. In April 2009, A.D. Vision started streaming the series online in their The Anime Network website. The series has been re-licensed by Sentai Filmworks, who re-released it on DVD in later 2012. On August 25, 2016 the series began airing on ShortsHD.

The anime was also licensed by Sony Pictures Entertainment (SPE) which created its own English Dub in collaboration with Red Angel Media. The show broadcast on the Animax Channel in Asia,   and ABS-CBN/Studio 23 in the Philippines.

Drama CDs
Two drama CDs have been released for the story arcs not found in the TV series, namely the news involving the GetBackers searching for disappeared kids involved with a card game named the Divine Design, their search for a red wine named the Marine Red, and the war between Shido Fuyuki's clan, the Maryudo and their rivals, the Kiryudo. The first CD, entitled 'GetBackers "TARGET G"', was released February 21, 2003. The second entitled 'GetBackers "TARGET B"' was released on March 21, 2003.

Video games
A total of five video games based on GetBackers have been released in Japan, all of them developed and published by Konami. The first was a fighting game GetBackers Dakkanoku: Ubawareta Mugenshiro for the PlayStation 2 and PC on September 26, 2002. GetBackers Dakkanoku - Jagan Fuuin! followed it in 2003 for the PC and Game Boy Advance, as well as the PC exclusive RPG GetBackers Dakkanoku: Metropolis Dakkan Sakusen!. Two more fighting games, ''GetBackers Dakkanoku: Dakkandayo! Zenin Shuugou! and GetBackers Dakkanoku - Urashinshiku Saikyou Battle'', were released in 2003 and 2004, respectively. While the former was only for PCs, the latter was also released for the PlayStation 2. Rando Ayamine worked for all these video games, making illustrations for them.

The 2009 PlayStation Portable fighting game, Sunday vs Magazine: Shūketsu! Chōjō Daikessen, also produced by Konami, included Ban Mido as a playable character.

Reception
GetBackers manga has had over 18 million copies in circulation. English volumes from the manga have also been popular, appearing various times in Diamond Comic's rankings of best selling graphic novels. Anime News Network's Liann Cooper has commented on the manga, praising for using the "simple concept" in order to create an entertaining plot. The manga has been noted to have a large number of types of fan service, showing several kinds of beautiful women and noted a "relationship" between the two main characters and giving the series a nice bishōnen tone. The art of Rando Ayamine has been praised for having the dark and gritty mood emphasizes he makes in the series making readers think that the Jagan scene of Ban Mido is a "horrifying nightmare". The Tokyopop translation of the manga has been criticized for making the main characters sound like gangsters giving them strange dialogues. Cooper later noted that readers from Clamp's works or Rurouni Kenshin would find GetBackers appealing due to the several aspects it has. He still found issues with Tokyopop's translation, but still found the final product entertaining, also complimenting the series' comedy.

The anime adaptation of GetBackers was also well received. In the 26th annual Animage readers' poll, it took various categories: it was third in "Favorite Anime Series", ninth in "Favorite Episode" (episode 49) and fifth and eighth in "Favorite Male Character" (Ginji and Ban, respectively). It also received positive reviews ever since the first episode's premiere in Japan. For such an episode, Anime News Network liked the animations' quality as well as the main characters Ban and Ginji. The mix between drama and comedy was also well-received, hoping that it will continue like that for the remainder of the series. DVD Talk's John Sinnott called it a "solid show", enjoying the characters' growth as the series continued. However, he gave a low score on the DVDs' presentation mainly due to the lack of extras. While comparing it with the manga, Chris Beveridge from Mania Entertainment found the anime's introduction more appealing than the manga's but mentioned various issues already shown in the first episodes of various anime. Bamboo Dong from Anime News Network enjoyed how the story was built during the first season, finding appealing the fact that the characters he found appealing would take part in a larger story arc. Agreeing with Dong, Dani Moure from Mania liked the interaction between the characters, as well as a bigger exploration to some of them. Sinott concluded that the story arc involving the Limitless Fortress was "a good story" due to the expansion in the backgrounds from various of the main characters, but found it relatively longer than previous story arcs. Active Anime writer David C. Jones praised the focus on the anime's second season, liking how many secondary characters got their own episodes, as well as how the comedy was delivered across them, citing the episode focused on Ginji in the hospital as the best one from the season. On the other hand, Beveridge found that in the second season, characters were "overused", but like Jones, enjoyed the focus on other characters as well as the flashbacks exploring them. The anime's last story arc left mixed thoughts to Beveridge who found some of its events predictable or rushed, but still enjoyed the action sequences shown.

title: GetBackers


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Wheat (color)

Wheat is a color that resembles the light yellow of the wheat grain.

The first recorded use of wheat as a color name in English was in 1711. Wheat is one of the X11 web colors.

title: Wheat (color)


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Cao Xiu

Cao Xiu (died 29 September 228?), courtesy name Wenlie, was a Chinese military general of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. A distant younger relative of the warlord Cao Cao, Cao Xiu started his career in the late Eastern Han dynasty as a military officer under Cao Cao. In the early stages of the Hanzhong Campaign of 217–219, he outwitted Zhang Fei and defeated his subordinate officer Wu Lan (吳蘭). Later in his career, he became a provincial-level military commander and fought in various battles against Wei's rival state, Eastern Wu. He died in 228 shortly after the Wei defeat at the Battle of Shiting.

Early life
Cao Xiu was a distant younger relative of Cao Cao. When the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out in the late Eastern Han dynasty, the Cao clan left their ancestral home in Qiao County (譙縣; present-day Bozhou, Anhui) and went in different directions throughout the Han Empire to avoid getting caught up in the chaos.

When Cao Xiu was around 10 years old, his father died and he only had one person to help him arrange for his father to be properly buried. Cao Xiu and his mother crossed the Yangtze to southern China and settled down in Wu Commandery (around present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu). Cao Xiu's grandfather, Cao Chang (曹嘗), had previously served as the Administrator of Wu Commandery. One day, after seeing a portrait of his grandfather in the Administrator's office, Cao Xiu became so overwhelmed by emotions that he knelt down and cried. Everyone present at the scene felt touched when they saw him crying.

Service under Cao Cao
In 190, Cao Cao was raising an army to join the Guandong Coalition against the warlord Dong Zhuo, who controlled the Han central government and held Emperor Xian hostage. When Cao Xiu heard about it, he adopted a fake identity and travelled via Jing Province to Cao Cao's base in Chenliu Commandery (陳留郡; around present-day Kaifeng, Henan). Cao Cao was pleased to see him and he remarked, "This is the thousand-li horse of my clan."

Cao Cao treated Cao Xiu like a son and even allowed him to live with his own son, Cao Pi. Cao Xiu fought on Cao Cao's side in the various battles against rival warlords throughout the late Eastern Han dynasty. He was also one of the commanders of the elite "Tiger and Leopard Cavalry" (虎豹騎) unit in Cao Cao's army.

Hanzhong Campaign
In 217, Cao Cao's rival Liu Bei launched a campaign to seize control of Hanzhong Commandery, which was guarded by Cao Cao's general Xiahou Yuan. When Liu Bei sent Wu Lan (吳蘭), one of his officers, to lead troops to garrison at Xiabian County (下辯縣; northwest of present-day Cheng County, Gansu), Cao Cao ordered his cousin Cao Hong to lead an army to attack the enemy. Cao Xiu was commissioned as a Cavalry Commandant (騎都尉) to serve as an adviser to Cao Hong. Before they left, Cao Cao told Cao Xiu, "You may be an adviser, but you're actually the commander." When Cao Hong received the order, he delegated his command to Cao Xiu.

Liu Bei later sent his generals Ma Chao and Zhang Fei to lead troops to Gushan (固山) and station there in an attempt to cut off Cao Hong's retreat route. When Cao Hong and his subordinates were unsure about what Ma Chao and Zhang Fei were trying to do, Cao Xiu pointed out that it was a ruse because the enemy would do so in secret if they really wanted to cut off the retreat route, instead of making it so obvious. He then suggested to Cao Hong to attack Wu Lan at Xiabian County before he could link up with Ma Chao and Zhang Fei, and said that Ma Chao and Zhang Fei would retreat once they learn of Wu Lan's defeat. Cao Hong heeded his suggestion and defeated Wu Lan at Xiabian County. As Cao Xiu foresaw, Ma Chao and Zhang Fei pulled back their troops from Gushan after hearing of Wu Lan's defeat.

In 219, after a prolonged war against Liu Bei, Cao Cao eventually lost Hanzhong Commandery so he ordered his troops to retreat and return to Chang'an. Later, he appointed Cao Xiu as Commandant of the Central Army (中領軍).

Service under Cao Pi
Following Cao Cao's death in March 220, his son Cao Pi succeeded him as the (vassal) King of Wei (魏王) and Imperial Chancellor (丞相) of the Eastern Han dynasty. Cao Pi appointed Cao Xiu as General Who Leads the Army (領軍將軍) and enfeoffed him as the Marquis of Dongyang Village (東陽亭侯) in recognition of his past achievements. When Xiahou Dun died in June 220, Cao Pi ordered Cao Xiu to replace Xiahou Dun as the supervisor of all military operations, promoted him to General Who Guards the South (鎮南將軍) and granted him acting imperial authority. He held Cao Xiu's hands while personally seeing him off.

At the time, Cao Pi's rival Sun Quan had sent his forces to garrison at Liyang County (歷陽縣; present-day He County, Anhui) in preparation for an attack on Cao Pi's territories. When Cao Xiu reached his assigned position at Zhaoling County (召陵縣; east of present-day Luohe, Henan), he led his troops to attack Liyang County and succeeded in driving Sun Quan's forces away. Later, he sent his troops to cross the Yangtze and attack and burn down a few thousand enemy camps at Wuhu County (蕪湖縣; east of present-day Wuhu, Anhui).

In late 220, Cao Pi usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, ended the Eastern Han dynasty, and established the state of Cao Wei with himself assuming the title of emperor. After his coronation, he promoted Cao Xiu to General Who Attacks the East (征東將軍) and appointed him as the Inspector (刺史) of Yang Province. He also elevated Cao Xiu from the status of a village marquis to a district marquis under the title "Marquis of Anyang District" (安陽鄉侯).

Death of Cao Xiu's mother
When Cao Xiu's mother died, Cao Pi issued an imperial decree to exempt Cao Xiu from the formalities and austere lifestyle of filial mourning, which was customary for officeholders when their parent(s) died. He excused Cao Xiu from wearing mourning garments and gave him permission to consume meat and alcohol. However, when Cao Xiu's health deteriorated due to grief and his desire to return home to Qiao County (譙縣; present-day Bozhou, Anhui) to hold a proper funeral for his mother, Cao Pi approved and sent Xue Qiao (薛喬) as his personal representative to offer his condolences to Cao Xiu and attend the funeral. Cao Xiu settled the funeral arrangements and had his mother properly buried within one day, after which he wanted to return to his post. Before Cao Xiu left, Cao Pi met him in person to comfort and console him. This incident showed how close Cao Pi was to Cao Xiu and how highly he regarded Cao Xiu.

Battle of Dongkou
In October 222, Cao Pi launched the first of a series of invasions against Eastern Wu, the state founded by his rival, Sun Quan. He promoted Cao Xiu to Senior General Who Attacks the East (征東大將軍), granted him the yellow axe (a ceremonial axe given to newly appointed high-ranking generals), and ordered him, Zhang Liao and others to lead 20 armies to attack Dongkou (洞口; in present-day southern Jiangsu), where they dealt heavy losses to Wu forces led by Lü Fan before having to retreat. Cao Pi later promoted Cao Xiu to Governor of Yang Province.

Service under Cao Rui
After Cao Pi died in June 226, Cao Xiu continued serving under Cao Rui, Cao Pi's son and successor as the emperor of Wei. Following his coronation, Cao Rui elevated Cao Xiu from the status of a district marquis to a county marquis under the title "Marquis of Changping" (長平侯).

When Wu forces led by Shen De (審悳) garrisoned at Wan (皖; present-day Qianshan County, Anhui), Cao Xiu led Wei forces to attack them and killed Shen De in battle. Two other Wu officers, Han Zong and Zhai Dan (翟丹), brought along their troops and surrendered to Cao Xiu. In recognition of Cao Xiu's achievements, Cao Rui increased the number of taxable households in Cao Xiu's marquisate by 400, bringing the total number to 2,500. Cao Rui also promoted Cao Xiu to Grand Marshal (大司馬) and ordered him to continue supervising military operations in Yang Province.

Battle of Shi'ting
In 228, as Cao Rui planned to launch an invasion on Wei's rival state Wu, he ordered Sima Yi to lead Wei forces from Jing Province and sail down the Han River to Xunyang County (尋陽縣; southwest of present-day Huangmei County, Hubei) and supervise the invasion. During this time, Cao Xiu fell for a ruse by a Wu military officer Zhou Fang, who pretended to defect to Wei in order to lure Wei forces into a trap. He led his troops deep into enemy territory and suffered a disastrous defeat when they fell into the trap. Cao Xiu managed to retreat to Shiting (石亭; or Shi Village, in present-day Qianshan County, Anhui), but his soldiers started panicking at night and many of them deserted and left behind their weapons, armour and equipment.

Cao Xiu wrote a memorial to Cao Rui to apologise for his blunder and request to be punished. However, Cao Rui not only pardoned him, but also sent Yang Ji (楊曁) as an emissary to console him and continued to regard him as highly as before.

Death
Cao Xiu died later in 228 from skin infections on his back resulting from the wounds he sustained during the Battle of Shi'ting. Cao Rui honoured with the posthumous title "Marquis Zhuang" (壯侯), which literally means "robust marquis".

Descendants
Cao Xiu's son, Cao Zhao (曹肇), whose courtesy name was Changsi (長思), inherited his father's peerage and marquisate as the Marquis of Changping (長平侯). Cao Zhao, who was known for being talented and generous, served as a Regular Mounted Attendant (散騎常侍) and Colonel of the Garrison Cavalry (屯騎校尉) in the Cao Wei state. When Cao Rui became critically ill in 238, he wanted to appoint Cao Zhao and Cao Yu as the regents for Cao Fang, his adopted son and successor-to-be. However, later he changed his mind and ordered Cao Zhao to retire and go home. Cao Zhao died in the middle of the Zhengshi era (240–249) of Cao Fang's reign. He was posthumously awarded the appointment General of the Guards (衞將軍). His son, Cao Xing (曹興), succeeded him as the next Marquis of Changping.

Cao Xiu had another son, Cao Cuan (曹纂), who was younger than Cao Zhao. Sometime between 220 and 226, Cao Pi removed 300 taxable households from Cao Xiu's marquisate and used them to create a new marquisate for Cao Cuan. Like his father and elder brother, Cao Cuan served in the Cao Wei state and held the position General Who Destroys Wu (殄吳將軍). After his death, he was posthumously awarded the appointment General of the Vanguard (前將軍).

Cao Xiu had a great-grandson, Cao Shu (曹攄), whose courtesy name was Yanyuan (顏遠) and was a grandson of Cao Zhao. Cao Shu was known for being virtuous, ambitious, knowledgeable and well-read since young. He served under the Jin dynasty (266–420) after the fall of the Cao Wei state in 265 and gained quite a reputation during his tenure as the Prefect of Luoyang. When Sima Jiong was regent for Emperor Hui, Cao Shu and Zuo Si served as his subordinates. Cao Shu later rose through the ranks from a Palace Gentleman (中郎) to the positions of Administrator of Xiangyang (襄陽太守) and Marshal Who Attacks the South (征南司馬). He was killed in battle in 308 while suppressing a rebellion.

Discovery of Cao Xiu's tomb
In May 2010, archaeologists announced the discovery of Cao Xiu's tomb in Mengjin County, Henan. The tomb, 50 metres long and 21 metres wide, held chinaware, copperware, liquor cups and jars as well as some human bones. Tests suggested that these bones belonged to a 50-year-old man and a 40-year-old woman, and the man was about 1.71 metres tall. A bronze seal, about the size of a coin and engraved with Cao Xiu's name, revealed the tomb owner's identity.

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, on one occasion when Yue Jin was losing to the enemy general Ling Tong in a duel, Cao Xiu fired an arrow which hit Ling Tong's horse. Ling Tong fell from the horse's back and would have been killed by Yue Jin if Gan Ning had not intervened and saved him.

title: Cao Xiu


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Private Securities Litigation Reform Act

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995,, 109 Stat. 737 (codified as amended in scattered sections of 15 U.S.C.) ("PSLRA") implemented several substantive changes in the United States that have affected certain cases brought under the federal securities laws, including changes related to pleading, discovery, liability, class representation, and awards fees and expenses.

The PSLRA was designed to limit frivolous securities lawsuits. Prior to the PSLRA, plaintiffs could proceed with minimal evidence of fraud, and then use pretrial discovery to seek further proof. That set a very low barrier to initiate litigation, which encouraged the filing of weak or entirely-frivolous suits. Defending against the suits could prove extremely costly, even when the charges were unfounded, and so defendants often found it cheaper to settle than to fight and win.

Under the PSLRA, however, plaintiffs must meet a heightened pleading standard before they can initiate a suit. In other words, PSLRA was specifically intended to make it more difficult to initiate securities litigation (frivolous or otherwise) because plaintiffs would supposedly be forced to present evidence of fraud before any pretrial discovery has taken place.

Also, PSLRA was enacted to "give teeth to Section 11." Congress specifically pointed to the reluctance of judges to impose Section 11 sanctions as an additional reason for the passage of the legislation.

The PSLRA does impose some new rules on securities class action lawsuits. It allows judges to decide the most adequate plaintiff in class actions by favoring institutional investors with large dollar amounts at stake. It mandates full disclosure to investors of proposed settlements, including the amount of attorneys' fees. It bars bonus payments to favored plaintiffs and permits judges to scrutinize lawyer conflicts of interest.

Background: Overview of securities fraud actions under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (commonly known as the "Exchange Act" or the "1934 Act") gives shareholders the right to bring a private action in federal court to recover damages the shareholder sustained as a result of securities fraud. The majority of securities fraud claims are brought pursuant to Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act (codified at 15 U.S.C. § 78j), as well as pursuant to SEC Rule 10b-5, which the SEC promulgated under the authority granted to it by Congress under the Exchange Act. Federal securities fraud actions will be referred to as "Rule 10b-5 actions" or "Rule 10b-5 cases" as convenient shorthand.

The Supreme Court has held that there are six elements that a plaintiff must allege and prove to prevail in a Rule 10b-5 action:
 * 1) The defendant made a "material misrepresentation or omission";
 * 2) the defendant acted with "scienter", a "wrongful state of mind" (typically understood to mean that the defendant intended to make the material misrepresentation or omission or acted with recklessness in making the misrepresentation or omission);
 * 3) the material misrepresentation or omission was made "in connection with the purchase or sale of a security";
 * 4) the plaintiff who was allegedly victimized by the fraud relied upon the material misrepresentation or omission (if the security is traded on a public stock exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ, the law typically presumes that shareholders rely on the integrity of the market and therefore that the price of the stock reflected material misrepresentation and that shareholders relied upon the integrity of the market);
 * 5) the plaintiff suffered an economic loss as a result of the alleged fraud; and
 * 6) the plaintiff can allege and prove "loss causation," which means that the allegedly-fraudulent misrepresentation or omission caused the plaintiff's economic loss. See Dura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Broudo,.

Each of the elements has been heavily litigated in thousands of cases over the past 70 years, and the courts have applied the six elements in a multitude of different factual situations.

In context: Procedural course of modern securities fraud actions
In a typical Rule 10b-5 claim, the plaintiff starts the action by filing a complaint in federal court. Other actions alleging substantially similar claims may also be filed. The PSLRA mandates the consolidation of those actions into one lawsuit followed by the appointment of a plaintiff or group of plaintiffs to serve as the lead plaintiff. More than one plaintiff typically seeks to serve as the lead plaintiff. The court overseeing the lawsuit typically appoints the plaintiff with the "largest financial interest" in the action, or greatest sustained loss, to serve as the plead plaintiff. The defendant will then file a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. A motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) is essentially an argument by the defendant that even if all of the facts alleged in the complaint were assumed to be true, they would not be sufficient to give rise to liability under Rule 10b-5. If the court determines that the facts alleged in the complaint are sufficient to state a Rule 10b-5 claim, the plaintiff then becomes entitled to obtain "discovery" from the defendant, which typically means the right to demand documentary evidence in the defendant's possession concerning the facts at issue, and the right to require the defendant (and other witnesses) to sit for depositions.

In a modern litigation context, the discovery process is protracted and very expensive and often involves production of millions of pages of documents and depositions of dozens of witnesses and costs the defendant as much as millions of dollars in legal fees. Thus, it is extremely important to the litigants if a motion to dismiss is granted, as the costs of litigation increase substantially when the motion to dismiss is denied.

If the plaintiff's complaint survives the defendant's Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, the next step is usually for the plaintiff to seek class certification under Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. If the court grants the plaintiff's motion for class certification, the case becomes a securities fraud class action, and the defendant then usually faces enormous liability if the case goes to trial, and the jury renders a verdict against the defendant.

For example, if the plaintiff class is composed of 50,000 shareholders, each shareholder owns an average of 1,000 shares, and each shareholder claims to have sustained losses of $10 per share, the potential compensatory damages are $500 million. Therefore, as a practical matter, if a Rule 10b-5 case is not dismissed on a motion to dismiss and is certified as a class action, the defendant faces a lot of pressure to settle the case. Even if the plaintiff has a relatively weak case, the expected value of going to trial will put the defendant under pressure to settle. That is, the cost of high-enough-damages, even when it is multiplied by the small chance of losing a jury verdict, may still be very high.

Thus, the outcome of a motion to dismiss in a Rule 10b-5 case essentially determines whether the case gets dismissed, or it proceeds to discovery and very often results in class certification and a very large settlement. Because the motion to dismiss is a pivotal stage in the course of a Rule 10b-5 case, the attorneys for plaintiffs and defendants argue fiercely over the rules that govern such motion to dismiss. Plaintiff lawyers advocate less demanding standards, as such standards would result in a larger number of cases to proceed to discovery and higher amounts of settlements. Defense lawyers and the corporations that they represent, on the other hand, advocate more demanding standards, for opposite reasons.

Both sides in the debate use rhetoric that claims the mantle of "justice." The defense bar generally contends that lower pleading standards allow more frivolous lawsuits and extorted settlements that primarily benefit plaintiff lawyers, not shareholders. On the other hand, the plaintiffs' bar claims that higher pleading standards enable corporate executives to loot their companies and to defraud innocent shareholders with impunity.

The importance of the ratification of the PSLRA in 1995 can be fully appreciated only when by noting such long-running debate between the plaintiff bar and the defense bar over the applicable standards governing Rule 12(b)(6) motions to dismiss in Rule 10b-5 claims.

Heightened pleading requirements
The legislative history reveals that Congress passed the PSLRA to curb the "abusive practices committed in private securities litigation" including "the routine filing of lawsuits against issuers of securities and others whenever there is a significant change in an issuer's stock price, without regard to any underlying culpability of the issuer, and with only faint hope that the discovery process might lead eventually to some plausible cause of action."

To reduce the number of purportedly-frivolous Rule 10b-5 lawsuits that survive motions to dismiss, the PSLRA raised the pleading standards for the specificity and the strength of the factual allegations that must be alleged in the plaintiff's complaint in three specific ways. Those changes are among the most significant aspects of the PSLRA.

Requirement that false statements be pleaded "with particularity"
The PSLRA requires a plaintiff to identify in his complaint "each statement alleged to have been misleading, the reason or reasons why the statement is misleading, and if an allegation regarding the statement or omission is made on information and belief, the complaint shall state with particularity all facts on which that belief is formed." 15 U.S.C. § 78u-4(b)(1). If a plaintiff's complaint does not specifically identify the allegedly fraudulent statements and explain why they were misleading, the complaint is dismissed. By requiring plaintiffs to set forth their theory regarding why a particular statement was misleading, the PSLRA enables defendants to put forth arguments as to why the challenged statement was not in fact misleading. Rule 9(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure had already required for allegations of fraud to be pleaded with particularity.

Requirement that pleading create a "strong inference" of scienter
The PSLRA also requires a plaintiff to allege that the defendant acted with the required state of mind and knew the challenged statement was false at the time it was made or was reckless in not recognizing that the statement was false (the legal term of art for that state of mind is scienter). In alleging scienter under the PSLRA, the plaintiff must, "with respect to each act or omission alleged to violate this chapter, state with particularity facts giving rise to a strong inference that the defendant acted with the required state of mind." 15 U.S.C. § 78u-4(b)(2). The requirement allows defendants to obtain dismissal of cases of the plaintiff merely pointing to a false statement and declares that the defendant "must have known" that the statement was false, based upon the position within the company.

Tellabs v. Makor (06/21/2007) interprets the standard
The United States Supreme Court, in an opinion written by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg and issued June 21, 2007, interpreted the standard. The Court ruled that for plaintiffs to allege a "strong inference" of intentional fraud, the inference must be "cogent" and "at least as compelling as any opposing inference of nonfraudulent intent." The US Circuit Courts of Appeal had adopted substantially-disparate tests for determining whether scienter is sufficiently pleaded:

Four circuits, the First, Fourth, Sixth and Ninth, require a direct comparison of the plausibility of competing inferences. Unless the culpable inference is the "most plausible," it is not "strong" and the complaint should be dismissed. Two circuits, the Eighth and the Tenth, consider all inferences, both of scienter and of an innocent mental state, using the innocent inferences to test whether the culpable interest is strong, but do not directly weigh one against the other. The Second and Third circuits divide the factual allegations bearing on a defendant's mental state into categories, "motive and opportunity" and "strong circumstantial evidence" of knowing or reckless conduct, either of which may independently satisfy the strong inference requirement. And, the Seventh Circuit... did not consider competing inferences, but concluded that if an inference of culpability exists, the pleading is sufficient.

Requirement for plaintiff to prove loss causation
Finally, the PSLRA also makes clear that a plaintiff in a Rule 10b-5 case "shall have the burden of proving that the act or omission of the defendant... caused the loss for which the plaintiff seeks to recover damages" (15 U.S.C. § 78u-4(b)(4)). At one time, there was a question over whether the requirement actually applied at the motion to dismiss stage. The statute says that the plaintiff must "prove" loss causation, but it does not say the plaintiff must "allege" loss causation. However, after the Supreme Court's decision in Dura Pharmaceuticals v. Broudo, it is now clear that a plaintiff must allege loss causation in its complaint.

Dura decision and loss causation
The Dura decision held that a plaintiff in a Rule 10b-5 case had not adequately pleaded loss causation by merely alleging that he "paid artificially inflated prices for Dura securities" at the time of purchase. The Supreme Court observed that an investor who purchases a stock at an artificially-inflated price suffers no economic loss at the time of purchase. The loss occurs only when the truth is disclosed and the stock price falls as a result. Thus, a plaintiff who sells his shares "before the relevant truth begins to leak out" does not suffer any economic damage. The plaintiff in Dura failed to allege that the "share price fell significantly after the truth became known" and so the complaint had not alleged loss causation.

How a court defines the "relevant truth" that the defendant fraudulently withheld often determines the outcome of a 10b-5 case. The stock analyst cases provide a good example of the importance of how the "relevant truth" is defined. The claim in most stock analyst cases is that the analyst dishonestly touted a particular stock as a good investment despite the analyst's genuine belief. Under Dura, such cases are often dismissed because, in most instances, the analyst's dishonesty never comes to light until after the price of the stock in question has declined substantially. By then, the "bad facts" about the company have already been absorbed by the market and so plaintiffs cannot show that the disclosure of the analyst's dishonesty caused any further decline in the stock price.

Stay of discovery
To prevent discovery until a court has deemed a securities fraud complaint sufficient, the PSLRA also imposes a stay of all discovery "during the pendency of any motion to dismiss." The stay operates against all parties, including both plaintiffs and defendants.

The Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act has amended that provision to allow a federal court to impose the discovery stay on related securities suits in state court.

Enhanced audit duties and obligations
Section 301 adds additional duties to a firm's auditor, including a requirement to report evidence of illegal activity to the firm's Board of Directors, or the Board of Directors' Audit Committee. The Board of Directors or subunit is consequently obligated to notify the Securities and Exchange Commission of such notification by auditors within one day. If the auditing accountant does not receive a copy of the SEC notification within one day, the auditor must withdraw from the engagement and notify the SEC directly of the report made to the Board. That provision constitutes an important affirmative requirement of auditors to breach confidentiality. Although PSLRA reduced the public protections from fraudulent operations within a public company that issue from fraudster's aversion to civil liability, the burden of decreasing fraud risk is shifted by PSLRA to auditors of public firms, which presumably have deeper access to critical financial operations and details.

Legislative history
The PSLRA was enacted into law by the U.S. Congress over a veto by President Bill Clinton. The U.S. House of Representatives approved the bill by a 319–100 margin, and the U.S. Senate approved it, 68–30. Every Republican in the House voted in favor of the legislation, and only four Republicans in the Senate voted against it: William Cohen, John McCain, Richard Shelby, and Arlen Specter. Prominent liberals in the Democratic Party like Senators Tom Harkin, Ted Kennedy, Claiborne Pell, and Carol Moseley Braun voted in favor of the legislation, but many conservative-to-moderate Democrats such as Senators John Breaux, Robert Byrd, Fritz Hollings, and Sam Nunn and Representatives such as John Murtha and Gene Taylor voted against it. There was one other time during Bill Clinton's presidency that Congress successfully overrode one of his 37 vetoes to enact a bill into law.

The PSLRA was originally developed as part of Newt Gingrich's Contract With America. Its principal authors in the House were Representatives Thomas Bliley, Jack Fields and Christopher Cox. Senators Chris Dodd and Pete Domenici sponsored the legislation in the Senate.


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Category:Wikipedian mathematicians

This is a listing of Wikipedia users who have identified themselves as being mathematicians. For Wikipedians who are interested in or study mathematics, but are not professionally involved in the field, see the category of Wikipedians interested in mathematics. See also WikiProject Mathematics/Participants for Wikipedians interested in mathematics.

To add yourself to this category, add the following text to your userpage:

Alternatively, the user mathematician userbox automatically adds users to this category. It looks like this:

title: Category:Wikipedian mathematicians


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Talk:Geo Prizm

Untitled
Where was this car sold? I have seen one in Ireland, with an Irish number plate. At first I thought it was some screwy Japanese import (they're quite popular here), but then noticed it was left-hand drive. I thought it looked quite similar to the Corolla/Sprinter of the same era, which also confused the hell out of me... --Zilog Jones 23:51, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The Geo Prizm and Chevrolet Prizm were exclusively sold in the United States from 1989 to 2002. If you saw one in the Republic of Ireland, it was probably shipped there individually by a private owner. And it should look like a Corolla/Sprinter of the same era- they are essentially the same car as the Prizm. --AC9016 (talk) 02:04, 15 April 2019 (UTC)

I made an important change to this quality automobile:) Whopper 02:44, 2 January 2006 (UTC) Someone want to fix the edit buttons for the sections that found there way to the bottom of the page in some weard way?
 * You did not. There's a difference between making good changes and vandalism. --ApolloBoy 06:11, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

= Mileage =

Why isn't mileage in the 'generation' boxes along the right hand side? Any car page should have mileage figures, as an aid to purchasers of used cars. Wikip rhyre (talk) 22:10, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

-Not sure what is meant by "mileage". Assuming you mean MPG, the car's fuel economy/miles per gallon is not featured in the boxes for the Prizm or any car listed on Wikipedia. When a source can be found that specifies the Prizm's MPG, it could be mentioned in the article. --AC9016 (talk) 16:56, 14 April 2019 (UTC)

mpg
Also, I think a source is needed on the MPG numbers presented here - I drive a 2001 Chevy Prizm and on regular unleaded I would say I get a hair under 30 MPG city. --CoolGuyRH 21:24, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

--This depends on which transmission you have- I also have a 2001 Prizm, it's the 3 speed automatic- we average around 29 MPG, however on long road trips we do get up into the lower 30's. But if you have the 4 speed automatic then you see the 32-37 that is advertised.

--I don't know what you are talking about. I get 30 city and 37 highway on my 2000 Chevy Prizm 3-speed automatic. Which is confirmed by a Scanguage II. Check your alignment, tires, and airfilter. --Texnofobix 17:58, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

--I have a 5 speed manual version - 1999. Basic model with out any power options. It gets 36 in the "city" and 41 on the highway. Sometimes the winter is a little worse. For comparison, my wife has a 2000 Toyota Corolla - 4 speed automatic and loaded with all the options. This gets 32 in the "city" and 37 on the highway. 12:44, 26 June 2008 (EDT)

POV Problems
Several statements in this article that seem to me to stray from NPOV. I just removed the most glaring one ("Basically a perfectly good Toyota product ruined by GM parts."). More work needed?

-Yes. Whoever wrote that apparently has some kind of problem with the Prizm for, I don't know, existing, essentially. Not only is that long-removed comment not fitting at all with NPOV, it is also factually incorrect. The Geo Prizm was always just a rebadged Toyota Corolla, no parts differences whatsoever but minor cosmetics. It is the same car as the Corolla, so nothing was "ruined." And while the Chevrolet Prizm did have a GM radio and air conditioning system, the entire rest of the car was a Toyota Corolla with only minor cosmetic differences. Virtually the same car as the Corolla, from beginning to end. --AC9016 (talk) 16:53, 14 April 2019 (UTC)

fuel mileage
I have a 2000 prizm it is automatic w/od, I was reading the fuel mileage discussion, and wondered why there is such a large diffrence in fuel mileage. I have checked mine a couple dozen times. I average 41 miles to a gallon, If it drops to 37 or 38, we do a tuneup and it goes back up. I have never separated highway miles from regular. for example on a trip from va to Atlanta, I drove to Atlanta shopped in town drove around several days drove home and the mileage for the entire trip was 41 miles to a gallon. We have newer vehicles and are getting ready to purchase a minivan. However I live 35 miles from town and intend to have my Prizm forever (lol) it has 140,000 miles and has never gave us any trouble. It has truly been a extremely dependable and economical car. My only complaint is that the front seats could have been made more comfortable.

Parts
Are most of the parts on 1998-2002 Prizms from GM or Toyota? I know Corolla and Prizm share same engines. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pam1855 (talk • contribs) 22:42, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

--They are Toyota. (I confused a Toyota Dealer earlier with the Computer, what a noob.) All the parts but the radio and steering wheel. --216.106.49.28 (talk) 03:03, 4 September 2009 (UTC)

---The 1st and 2nd generation Geo Prizm had virtually nothing but some minor cosmetic differences with the Toyota Corolla of the same time period. Only the Chevrolet Prizm of 1998-2002 had an air conditioning system and radio provided by GM, instead of by Toyota. So, all Geo Prizms will have 99% parts compatibility with the equivalent Toyota Corolla, while Chevrolet Prizms are about 97-98% compatible. --AC9016 (talk) 16:48, 14 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geo Prizm


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Tabloid television

Tabloid television, also known as teletabloid, is a form of tabloid journalism. Tabloid television news broadcasting usually incorporate flashy graphics and sensationalized stories. Often, there is a heavy emphasis on crime and celebrity news.

Global perspective
The United States is not the only media market with this genre of broadcasting. Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom and France all have tabloid television show that reflects this same down-market, sensationalist style of journalism and entertainment. People such as Rupert Murdoch also came out of this genre.

In his book Tabloid Television, John Langer argues that this type of "other news" is as equally important as the "hard news".

Examples of tabloid television
Popular shows of this type includes Hard Copy and A Current Affair.

A commonly cited example of tabloid television run amok is a series of reports in 2001 collectively dubbed the Summer of the Shark, focusing on a supposed epidemic of shark attacks after one highly publicized attack on an 8-year-old boy. In reality, there were fewer than average shark attacks that year.

Other examples include the coverage of 'missing white woman syndrome' stories like those of Chandra Levy, Elizabeth Smart, and Laci Peterson. Critics claim that news executives are boosting ratings with these stories, which only affect a select few people, instead of broadcasting national issues.

title: Tabloid television


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User:Belowzero

Hi. I'm just curious, where abouts in Sydney was that wharf with the Schapelle Corby poster? Thanks! - James Foster 23:51, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Belowzero


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Goldenrod (color)

Goldenrod is a color that resembles the goldenrod plant.

A Crayola crayon with this name and color, although a lighter version, was created in 1958.

Goldenrod
Displayed at right is the web color goldenrod.

The color goldenrod is a representation of the color of some of the deeper gold colored goldenrod flowers.

The first known recorded use of goldenrod as a color name in English was in 1915.

Light goldenrod yellow
The web color light goldenrod yellow is displayed at right.

Pale goldenrod
The web color pale goldenrod is displayed at right.

Light goldenrod
The web color light goldenrod is displayed at right.

Dark goldenrod
The web color dark goldenrod is displayed at right.

Symbolism

 * It is the color of paper that the Church of Scientology's Ethics Department prints its suppressive person declarations on, giving rise to the term "golden-rodding".
 * Goldenrod is the name of a city in Pokémon Gold, Silver and Crystal, and their remakes Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver.
 * The cartoon sitcom 'The Simpsons' referenced Goldenrod in the episode Pygmoelian. In the episode the show within a show 'It Never Ends' producers use Goldenrod coloured pages to signify certain storylines in their scripts.

title: Goldenrod (color)


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List of most massive stars

This is a list of the most massive stars that have been discovered, in solar mass units.

Uncertainties and caveats
Most of the masses listed below are contested and, being the subject of current research, remain under review and subject to constant revision of their masses and other characteristics. Indeed, many of the masses listed in the table below are inferred from theory, using difficult measurements of the stars' temperatures and absolute brightnesses. All the masses listed below are uncertain: Both the theory and the measurements are pushing the limits of current knowledge and technology. Both theories and measurements could be incorrect. For example, VV Cephei could be between, or , depending on which property of the star is examined.

Complications with distance and obscuring clouds
Since massive stars are rare, astronomers must look very far from Earth to find them. All the listed stars are many thousands of light years away, which makes measurements difficult. In addition to being far away, many stars of such extreme mass are surrounded by clouds of outflowing gas created by extremely powerful stellar winds; the surrounding gas interferes with the already difficult-to-obtain measurements of stellar temperatures and brightnesses, which greatly complicates the issue of estimating internal chemical compositions and structures. This obstruction leads to difficulties in determining the parameters needed to calculate the star's mass.

Both the obscuring clouds and the great distances also make it difficult to judge whether the star is just a single supermassive object or, instead, a multiple star system. A number of the "stars" listed below may actually be two or more companions orbiting too closely for our telescopes to distinguish, each star possibly being massive in itself but not necessarily "supermassive" to either be on this list, or near the top of it. And certainly other combinations are possible – for example a supermassive star with one or more smaller companions or more than one giant star – but without being able to clearly see inside the surrounding cloud, it is difficult to know what kind of object is actually generating the bright point of light seen from the Earth.

More globally, statistics on stellar populations seem to indicate that the upper mass limit is in the 100–200 solar mass range, so any mass estimate above this range is suspect.

Rare reliable estimates
Eclipsing binary stars are the only stars whose masses are estimated with some confidence. However note that almost all of the masses listed in the table below were inferred by indirect methods; only a few of the masses in the table were determined using eclipsing systems.

Amongst the most reliable listed masses are those for the eclipsing binaries NGC 3603-A1, WR 21a, and WR 20a. Masses for all three were obtained from orbital measurements. This involves measuring their radial velocities and also their light curves. The radial velocities only yield minimum values for the masses, depending on inclination, but light curves of eclipsing binaries provide the missing information: inclination of the orbit to our line of sight.

Relevance of stellar evolution
Some stars may once have been more massive than they are today. It is likely that many large stars have suffered significant mass loss (perhaps as much as several tens of solar masses). This mass may have been expelled by superwinds: high velocity winds that are driven by the hot photosphere into interstellar space. The process forms an enlarged extended envelope around the star that interacts with the nearby interstellar medium and infuses the adjacent volume of space with elements heavier than hydrogen or helium.

There are also – or rather were – stars that might have appeared on the list but no longer exist as stars, or are supernova impostors; today we see only their debris. The masses of the precursor stars that fueled these destructive events can be estimated from the type of explosion and the energy released, but those masses are not listed here.

This list only concerns "living" stars – those which are still seen by Earth-based observers existing as active stars: Still engaged in interior nuclear fusion that generates heat and light. That is, the light now arriving at the Earth as images of the stars listed still shows them to internally generate new energy as of the time (in the distant past) that light now being received was emitted. The list specifically excludes both white dwarfs – former stars that are now seen to be "dead" but radiating residual heat – and black holes – fragmentary remains of exploded stars which have gravitationally collapsed, even though accretion disks surrounding those black holes might generate heat or light exterior to the star's remains (now inside the black hole), radiated by infalling matter (see § Black holes below).

Mass limits
There are two related theoretical limits on how massive a star can possibly be: The accretion mass limit and the Eddington mass limit.

 * The accretion limit is related to star formation: After about 120 have accreted in a protostar, the combined mass should have become hot enough for its heat to drive away any further incoming matter. In effect, the protostar reaches a point where it evaporates away material already collected as fast as it collects new material.

 * The Eddington limit is based on light pressure from the core of an already-formed star: As mass increases past ~150, the intensity of light radiated from a Population I star's core will become sufficient for the light-pressure pushing outward to exceed the gravitational force pulling inward, and the surface material of the star will be free to float away into space. Since their different compositions make them more transparent, Population II and Population III stars have higher and much higher mass limits, respectively.

Accretion limits
Astronomers have long hypothesized that as a protostar grows to a size beyond 120, something drastic must happen. Although the limit can be stretched for very early Population III stars, and although the exact value is uncertain, if any stars still exist above 150–200 they would challenge current theories of stellar evolution.

Studying the Arches Cluster, which is currently the densest known cluster of stars in our galaxy, astronomers have confirmed that no stars in that cluster exceed about 150.

Rare ultramassive stars that exceed this limit – for example in the R136 star cluster – might be explained by the following proposal: Some of the pairs of massive stars in close orbit in young, unstable multiple-star systems must, on rare occasions, collide and merge when certain unusual circumstances hold that make a collision possible.

Eddington mass limit
Eddington's limit on stellar mass arises because of light-pressure: For a sufficiently massive star the outward pressure of radiant energy generated by nuclear fusion in the star's core exceeds the inward pull of its own gravity. The lowest mass for which this effect is active is the Eddington limit.

Stars of greater mass have a higher rate of core energy generation, and heavier stars' luminosities increase far out of proportion to the increase in their masses. The Eddington limit is the point beyond which a star ought to push itself apart, or at least shed enough mass to reduce its internal energy generation to a lower, maintainable rate. The actual limit-point mass depends on how opaque the gas in the star is, and metal-rich Population I stars have lower mass limits than metal-poor Population II stars. Before their demise, the hypothetical metal-free Population III stars would have had the highest allowed mass, somewhere around 300.

In theory, a more massive star could not hold itself together because of the mass loss resulting from the outflow of stellar material. In practice the theoretical Eddington Limit must be modified for high luminosity stars and the empirical Humphreys–Davidson limit is used instead.

List of the most massive known stars
The following two lists show a few of the known stars, including the stars in open cluster, OB association and H II region. Despite their high luminosity, many of them are nevertheless too distant to be observed with the naked eye. Stars that are at least sometimes visible to the unaided eye have their apparent magnitude (6.5 or brighter) highlighted in blue.

The first list gives stars that are estimated to be 60 or larger; the majority of which are shown. The second list includes some notable stars which are below 60 for the purpose of comparison. The method used to determine each star's mass is included to give an idea of the data's uncertainty; note that the mass of binary stars can be determined far more accurately. The masses listed below are the stars' current (evolved) mass, not their initial (formation) mass.

A few notable large stars with masses less than 60 $196$$152$ are shown in the table below for the purpose of comparison, ending with the Sun, which is very close, but would otherwise be too small to be included in the list. At present, all the listed stars are naked-eye visible and relatively nearby.

Black holes
Black holes are the end point of the evolution of massive stars. Technically they are not stars, as they no longer generate heat and light via nuclear fusion in their cores. Some black holes may have cosmological origins, and would then never have been stars. This is thought to be especially likely in the cases of the most massive black holes.
 * Stellar black holes are objects with approximately 4–15.
 * Intermediate-mass black holes range from 100 to 10 000.
 * Supermassive black holes are in the range of millions or billions.

title: List of most massive stars


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Jersey Mike's Arena

Jersey Mike's Arena, commonly known as the RAC (an initialism for Rutgers Athletic Center, its former official name), is an 8,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Piscataway, New Jersey on Rutgers University's Livingston Campus. The building is shaped like a truncated tent with trapezoidal sides on the north and south ends. It is home to the men's and women's Rutgers Scarlet Knights basketball teams as well as the wrestling and gymnastics teams. Previously, the university used the 3,200-seat College Avenue Gym from 1931 to 1977.

History
The arena opened on November 30, 1977, with a win against rival Seton Hall.

The arena was known as the Rutgers Athletic Center until 1986, when it was renamed for Louis Brown, a Rutgers graduate and former member of the varsity golf team, who made a large bequest to the university in his will. Despite the name change, the building was still largely referred to as "The RAC" (pronounced "rack") by students, alumni, fans, and players.

In 2019, all references to Louis Brown were removed from the arena and all university websites, which resumed using the arena's original name, "The Rutgers Athletic Center." In 2021, the arena was renamed Jersey Mike's Arena, after selling its naming rights.

Reputation
Jersey Mike's Arena is renowned for being one of the loudest arenas in college basketball when at maximum capacity. The trapezoidal design of the building allows the crowd noise to resonate, creating a deafening environment. The RAC has even been described as being "louder than a 747 at Newark Airport."

ESPN's Jay Bilas has lauded the Jersey Mike's Arena, saying, "The Scarlet Knights play great there, and the crowd is right on top of you and intimidating."

Former opponents have also extolled the RAC's atmosphere. Former Connecticut Guard Ben Gordon said, "It is very difficult at the RAC. They have a great home crowd.  The student body and everybody really comes out to support them.  Just the way the gym is shaped, it seems like everybody is on top of you. At times, if you're not focused, you can get lost in the game just by how intense the crowd is."

Former Syracuse forward Hakim Warrick notes that "they (the fans) are definitely some of the best fans on the road that I’ve played against. It's crazy how much they love their team. The way the gym is made, it's just made to keep the noise in. It's loud and crazy down there."

Non-Rutgers sporting events
The arena was the home of the NBA's New Jersey Nets from their second year in the NBA, 1977, when the team moved from the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, New York, until 1981, when the Brendan Byrne Arena opened at the Meadowlands Sports Complex. It also hosted the 1985 and 1989 Atlantic 10 Conference men's basketball tournaments. The arena is also the site for the girls and boys Middlesex County high school basketball tournament finals, and various boys and girls New Jersey high school basketball state playoff games. On Saturday April 13, 1996, a Professional Bowler's Association tournament was broadcast live from the arena on ABC, the Johnny Petraglia Open.

Concerts
The Grateful Dead played at the Rutgers Athletic Center on May 15, 1981. Styx brought their Grand Illusion to the RAC on October 24, 1979. Linda Ronstadt also played here on her "Living in the USA" tour and sang with a terrible sore throat. Also, Linda Ronstadt played the RAC on April 11, 1980, for her "Mad Love" tour, and on October 22, 1987, R.E.M. played the RAC with 10,000 Maniacs opening. On April 25, 1980, Frank Zappa played a show at the RAC.

The arena was used on Friday, April 27, 2007, for Rutgersfest, an annual concert normally held outdoors, but held in the RAC that time due to rain. The performers were The Roots, Hawthorne Heights, and Everclear. Due to lack of seating, only 5,000 tickets were given out, angering the 15,000 or so (est.) other students who were then unable to attend.

May 3, 2008, The RAC hosted SpringBlaze 2008, a concert featuring Christian rock bands with a special appearance by Rutgers Football Head Coach Greg Schiano.

Other events
On December 2, 1983, a local nonprofit, Visions-Innervisions Productions, hosted a fundraiser for Headstart and other community services at the RAC beginning with the annual university Step-Show, viewing the debut of Michael Jackson's Thriller on 20' screens, one above each hoop, followed by Motown's D-Train, live.

The arena is used every June as a graduation hall for J. P. Stevens High School, Edison High School, Piscataway Township High School, and North Brunswick Township High School, as well as for other high schools in surrounding cities. The graduations are free for anyone to attend.

Starting in 2014, Rutgers University Dance Marathon is held at the RAC, having moved from the College Avenue Gym.

Possible expansion
In 2010, the Newark, New Jersey-based Star-Ledger and the Rutgers University newspaper, The Daily Targum have reported that former Rutgers Athletic Director Tim Pernetti planned to expand the Louis Brown Athletic Center to include more practice facilities, more concourse space, and a seating expansion to accommodate 12,500 fans, including club seating and premium restaurants. Pernetti also stated that he wanted to book more concerts at the arena and at nearby Rutgers Stadium.

When the Scarlet Knights joined the Big Ten Conference in 2014, the RAC was the smallest arena in conference, with slightly fewer seats than the 8,117 that Northwestern's Welsh–Ryan Arena sat at the time. However, after the renovations of Welsh-Ryan during the 2017–18 season, in which the listed capacity was decreased, Welsh-Ryan Arena is now smaller, making the RAC the second-smallest arena in the conference. The other 16 Big Ten schools' arenas all seat at least 10,000.

title: Jersey Mike's Arena


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International Auxiliary Language Association

The International Auxiliary Language Association, Inc. (IALA) was an American organisation founded in 1924 to "promote widespread study, discussion and publicity of all questions involved in the establishment of an auxiliary language, together with research and experiment that may hasten such establishment in an intelligent manner and on stable foundations." Although it was created to determine which auxiliary language of a wide field of contenders was best suited for international communication, it eventually determined that none of them was up to the task and developed its own language, Interlingua.

The IALA continued to publish materials in and about Interlingua until 1953, when its activities were taken up by the new Interlingua Division of Science Service. The IALA was dissolved sometime after 1956.


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Saint Tail

Saint Tail (怪盗セイント・テール) is a manga and anime series. Based on a seven-volume manga by Megumi Tachikawa, the story was adapted into an anime television series by producer TMS-Kyokuichi, broadcast by ABC. Tokyopop translated the manga series, and subtitled and partially dubbed the anime series. The Tokyopop book summary states that it is "Robin Hood meets Sailor Moon!"

Plot
Meimi Haneoka, the daughter of a former phantom thief and a stage magician, is an ordinary middle school student by day but the vigilante hero "Phantom Thief Saint Tail" by night. Using information obtained from her friend and classmate Seira Mimori, a sister-in-training, Saint Tail steals illegitimately obtained items and returns them to their proper owners. While Saint Tail gains a reputation as a local hero in her small town of Seika City, Meimi's classmate Asuka Jr., the son of a police detective, condemns her with the words "a thief is still a thief" and declares himself to be the one who will catch Saint Tail; however, when Saint Tail sees him assisting the police during her capers, he acknowledges her honorable motives and even steps in to protect her from physical harm.

Although Meimi is initially offended by Asuka Jr.'s arrogance and insensitivity towards others, she begins to find his genuine sincerity in chasing Saint Tail to be attractive and sends him calling cards to challenge him. Saint Tail agrees to make a promise with him to always send a calling card every time she embarks on a caper, and not allow anyone else to catch her before him.

Eventually, Asuka Jr. had secretly been worried about Meimi's well-being the entire time, but cannot completely express it due to his poor social skills. After one of Saint Tail's capers causes him to suspect that Saint Tail may actually be Meimi, Asuka Jr. realizes how little he knows about Meimi and develops an extreme obsession with catching Saint Tail to learn the truth. Meanwhile, Meimi begins to fear that Asuka Jr. would hate her if he learned about her identity, causing her to go into emotional isolation and withdraw from him further.

After repeated observation of Saint Tail's capers, Asuka Jr. comes to sympathize with her to the point he no longer believes she should be arrested, but still intends to "catch" her in order to protect her from the police or anyone else who would harm her. After concluding that Saint Tail has become an "ideal" who is treated more as a concept than a human being, Asuka Jr. realizes that his current stake in the Saint Tail chase is an extension of his feelings for Meimi, leading to him confessing his love to her. Eight years later, Asuka Jr. carries on Saint Tail's desire to protect Seika City by working as a private detective, and proposes to and marries Meimi.

Manga
Tokyopop licensed Saint Tail for an English-language translation in North America, and published it from April 23, 2001 to December 10, 2002. This translation has since gone out of print.

2017 contest
In 2017, Kodansha held a contest through pixiv for fans of Megumi Tachikawa's Saint Tail to become the artist for the "next generation" version of the manga. The contest asked fans to create the story of a new phantom thief who appears in Seika City.

title: Saint Tail


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Aurorae Sinus

Aurorae Sinus is a dark feature in the southern hemisphere of the planet Mars. Together with albedo features contributed by Aonius Sinus and Solis Lacus, it is part of a feature known as the "eye of Mars". A albedo feature is an area which shows a contrast in brightness or darkness (albedo) with adjacent areas.

title: Aurorae Sinus


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Talk:Century City (Los Angeles)

Any one else work here? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.130.168.215 (talk • contribs) 23:55, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Not me. Alexander 007 23:02, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Century City (Los Angeles)


text:
Category:Television stations in British Columbia

Television stations in the Canadian province of British Columbia.


text: Category:Television stations in Manitoba


text:
Leonid Yengibarov

Leonid Georgievich Yengibarov (Լեոնիդ Ենգիբարյան; Леонид Георгиевич Енгибаров; March 15, 1935 – July 25, 1972) was a Soviet Armenian clown and actor, People's Artist of the Armenian SSR.

Biography
Leonid Yengibarov was born in Moscow to an Armenian father and a Russian mother. He started his career as a boxer. In 1955 he joined the State School of Circus Art, Clownship department. He graduated from Circus school with skills in juggling, acrobatics, and hand balancing. After graduation in 1959 he moved to Yerevan and joined the Armenian state circus.

He was one of the first Soviet clowns to create the poetic, intellectual clownery, which made spectators think, not only laugh. Leonid Yengibarov, 'the clown with sad eyes', revolutionized the art of clownery by introducing lyrical tones into traditional buffoonery and grotesque sequences. According to the Spectacle journal, "he has shown the direction. He was the innovator. He began to do clown gags that were not funny, but very sad. They ended sadly. He felt that life was not funny anymore."

After initial incomprehension, his popularity grew immensely. After that he was invited to work in cinema. His first film, A Path to the Arena, was in fact about himself.

By the end of the 1960s he was known as one of the best clowns in the country and in the countries of the Eastern bloc, where he was permitted to travel. His circus career came to a halt in 1971: he left the State Circus when his partner was banned from international touring. He created a Variety Pantomime Theatre (Estradny teatr pantomimy) instead. However officially he was forbidden to call his company “theatre”, only allowed to use the term “troupe” (ансамбль). He managed to stage only a single piece, “Star Rain” before his untimely death from a massive heart attack. He is buried at the Vagankovo cemetery, Moscow.

His work continues influencing other artists including Slava Polunin.

His friend Vladimir Vysotsky wrote a shrill poem "To memory of the actor; To Yengibarov from the audience". Alla Pugacheva dedicated her song "Arlekino" to Yengibarov: "He was my favourite clown and even died while working. Just think: he died from laughter".

Filmography
Yengibarov played in 15 films, including:

Films about him
THere are 20 films about Yengivarov, including:
 * Please meet Leonid Yengibarov, Знакомьтесь: Леонид Енгибаров
 * 2 Leonid 2, 2 Леонид 2

Honors

 * The E. Bass Cup (first prize) of the 1964 European Clown Competition in Prague;
 * People's Artist of the Armenian SSR (1971).

title: Leonid Yengibarov


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alberto Sanchez

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete Zzyzx11 (Talk) 06:05, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Alberto Sanchez and Alberto (album)
More fantasy from the author of Cynthia Vargas and Elizabeth Sanchez. RickK 23:58, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Xcali 00:56, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vonspringer 00:57, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, future debut album. nn. --W(t) 01:24, 2005 May 29 (UTC)
 * Delete still fighting the vanity--Sophitus 01:34, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete everyone already knows my thoughts. <>Who 03:48, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete both, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 04:46, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN, vanity.  dunerat 12:50, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. ROFL, LMAO, hahahahahahahahahahahaha.  I'm still laughing.  That was good.  Antares33712 17:26, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Ibrahim Pasha

Ibrahim Pasha may refer to the following Ottoman statesmen:

 * Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Elder (died 1429), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier to Murad II
 * Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Younger (died 1499), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier to Bayezid II, grandson of Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha
 * Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha (1493–1536), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier to Suleiman the Magnificent (1523–1536), and governor of Egypt (1525)
 * Damat Ibrahim Pasha (died 1601), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier to Ahmed II
 * Maktul Hacı Ibrahim Pasha (died 1604), Ottoman statesman, governor of Egypt (1604), murdered in mutiny
 * Ibrahim Pasha (Ottoman governor of Bosnia) (fl. 1610–1620), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 * Deli Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1620–1630), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 * Defterdarzade Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1639), Ottoman Minister of Finance
 * Gabela Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1645), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 * Ibrahim Pasha of Algiers (fl. 1657–1659), Ottoman governor of the Regency of Algiers
 * Teşnak Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1670), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 * Koca Arnaud Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1670), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 * Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha (died 1687), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier (1683–1685), and governor of Egypt (1669–1673)
 * Ibrahim-pasha (fl. 1690–1700), Ottoman governor of Temeşvar Eyalet
 * Hacı Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1703), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 * Hoca Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1713), Ottoman grand vizier
 * Moralı Ibrahim Pasha (died 1725), Ottoman statesman, governor of various provinces, including Egypt (1709–1710)
 * Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1730), Ottoman grand vizier, governor of Bosnia
 * Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1666–1730), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier during the Tulip Era
 * Ibrahim Pasha al-Azm (fl. 1740), Ottoman governor of Sidon Eyalet
 * Hacı Ibrahim Pasha (died 1775), Ottoman statesman and governor of Egypt (1774–1775)
 * Eğribozlu İbrahim Pasha (fl. 1758–1768), Ottoman Grand Admiral, see list of Kapudan Pashas
 * Ibrahim Pasha of Berat, 18th-century ruler of the Pashalik of Berat
 * Ibrahim Pasha Baban (fl. 1783–1784), Kurdish leader who founded Sulaymaniyah
 * Ibrahim Pasha al-Halabi (fl. 1788–1789), Ottoman governor of Damascus
 * Ibrahim Pasha Qataraghasi, Ottoman governor of Aleppo and Damascus
 * Ibrahim Pasha of Scutari (died 1810), Pasha of Shkodër
 * Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt (1789–1848), Egyptian general and eldest son of Muhammad Ali of Egypt
 * Hilmi Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1800–1820), Ottoman governor of Bosnia and Crete
 * Ibrahim Sarim Pasha (1801–1853), Ottoman statesman
 * Ibrahim Dervish Pasha (fl. 1872), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 * Ibrahim Edhem Pasha (1819–1893), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier to Abdulhamid II
 * Ali Ibrahim Pasha, Egypt Minister of Education (1879–1881)
 * Ibrahim Ilhami Pasha (1836–1860), son of Abbas I of Egypt
 * Ibrahim Fehmi Pasha (1838–1896), Ottoman statesman
 * Ibrahim Hakki Pasha (1862–1918), Ottoman statesman
 * Abdel Fattah Yahya Ibrahim Pasha (1876–1951), Egyptian political figure

title: Ibrahim Pasha


text:
User:Sabalpalm

...is pretty.

title: User:Sabalpalm


text: User talk:66.190.68.59

title: User talk:66.190.68.59


text:
Category:Wikipedian cryptographers

This is a list of people that have an interest or are practicing cryptographers and can contribute to articles pertaining to such a subject.

title: Category:Wikipedian cryptographers


text:
Talk:Ohio Northern University

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Ohio Northern University. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20100528094751/http://www.onu.edu/drking/index2.html to http://www.onu.edu/drking/index2.html
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When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 01:00, 29 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ohio Northern University


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Clinton Correctional Facility

Clinton Correctional Facility is a New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision maximum security state prison for men located in the Village of Dannemora, New York. The prison is sometimes colloquially referred to as Dannemora (having once served as a massive insane asylum named Dannemora State Hospital for the Criminally Insane), although its name is derived from its location in Clinton County, New York. The southern perimeter wall of the prison borders New York State Route 374. Church of St. Dismas, the Good Thief, a church built by inmates, is located within the walls. The prison is sometimes referred to as New York's Little Siberia, due to the cold winters in Dannemora and the isolation of the upstate area. It is the largest maximum-security prison and the third-oldest prison in New York. The staff includes about 1,000 officers and supervisors.

In the post-Furman v. Georgia period and prior to the 2007 repeal of the death penalty, it housed New York State's death row for men.

History
Built in 1844, the prison originally served as a site where prisoners were used to supply labor to local mines in both Dannemora and nearby Lyon Mountain. This enterprise was not profitable, and by 1877, mining had ended with the prisoners being put to work on other trades.

As the population grew and more prisoners were housed there, in 1887, authorities had new 60-foot-high walls built, which still stand. In 1892, the first prisoner was executed in the electric chair at the prison. Twenty-six men were executed between 1892 and 1913. This period also had many prisoners cured of tuberculosis, due in part to the clean air in the Adirondacks. As at the time antibiotics were not available to treat the frequently fatal disease, prisoners diagnosed with it were frequently transferred from other prisons.

In 1899, a mental health facility, the Dannemora State Hospital, was built on the grounds to house prisoners who became insane while serving their sentences. Such prisoners were retained in the facility if they remained insane following the completion of their sentences.

In 1929, Clinton Correctional was the site of a riot. Coupled with riots in other prisons in that year, it led to prison reform in New York. Included was the construction of schools in the prison and the renovation or rebuilding of most of the structures within the prison walls to update the facilities to modern standards.

The Church of St. Dismas, the Good Thief was built from 1939 to 1941. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 as a significant structure. In the later half of the 20th century, the prison's mental institutions closed and were converted into an annex to house more prisoners.

On June 6, 2015, inmates Richard Matt and David Sweat, both serving sentences for murder, escaped from the facility. Two prison employees, Joyce Mitchell and Gene Palmer, were charged with aiding the escape. During the search, on June 26, Matt was shot and killed by a Border Patrol agent in the town of Malone, New York. Two days later, Sweat was shot by New York state trooper Jay Cook, and subsequently captured. In the days after the escape, some prisoners reported having been beaten by guards in an attempt to obtain information as to the whereabouts and plans of the escaped inmates.

Notable inmates

 * George Appo: A 19th-century pickpocket and con artist, his biographer provides a description of 19th-century prison conditions in New York.
 * David Richard Berkowitz (born Richard David Falco, June 1, 1953) also known as the Son of Sam and the .44 Caliber Killer, is an American serial killer who pleaded guilty to eight shootings that began in New York City on July 29, 1976.
 * David Bullock: Serial killer, 1981–1982
 * Robert Chambers: The "preppy murderer", he served much of his sentence at Clinton Correctional Facility for the manslaughter conviction of Jennifer Levin, as well as a later sentence for drug possession after heroin was found in his cell and new criminal charges were brought.
 * Gregory Corso: An Italian-American poet, he was one of the inner circle of "the Beat Generation" along with Kerouac, Ginsberg, and Burroughs. Sentenced at 17, Corso served about three years for stealing a suit.
 * Jesse Friedman: One of the subjects of the 2003 documentary film, Capturing the Friedmans, he pleaded guilty to sodomy and sexual abuse charges related to child molestation in the 1980s.
 * Robert Garrow: A serial rapist/murderer, he served twice at Clinton Correctional - 1961–1963 for rape (transferred to Auburn Correctional Facility), and 1974–1977 for second-degree murder (transferred to Auburn Correctional Facility, followed by transfer to Fishkill Correctional Facility in 1978).
 * Paul Geidel: A murderer, he was the longest-serving prisoner in American history whose sentence ended with release. He was transferred to Fishkill Correctional Facility in 1972.
 * David Gilbert: Serving life in prison, he was arrested with members of the Black Liberation Army and other radicals following a botched Brinks armored-car robbery in 1981; he was paroled in 2021.
 * John Jamelske: A mass kidnapper and serial rapist, he is serving 18 years to life.
 * Marlon Legere: He is serving life without parole in connection with the shooting deaths of NYPD detectives Robert Parker and Patrick Rafferty in Brooklyn.
 * Shyne (Moses Michael Levi): Beginning in 2001, he served a sentence of 8 to 10 years on convictions of assault, criminal weapons possession, and reckless endangerment. He was released and deported back to his native Belize.
 * Charles "Lucky" Luciano: One of the driving forces behind the development of Italian organized crime in the United States, he served 10 years of a 30- to 50-year sentence for running a prostitution ring before being deported to Italy after World War II.
 * Richard Matt: A murderer, he escaped with David Sweat, and was shot dead by police in June 2015 while he was still at large.
 * James Harris Jackson: Perpetrator of the 2017 Murder of Timothy Caughman.
 * Carl Paivio: A Finnish-American labor activist and anarchist, he was sentenced to 4 to 8 years in 1919 for "criminal anarchy".
 * Carl Panzram: Serial killer, 1923–1928
 * Daniel Pelosi: Convicted of murdering Ted Ammon and jury tampering
 * Bobby Shmurda (Ackquille Pollard): A rapper who made the 2014 hit "Hot N*gga", he served his sentence for gang-related activity since 2016; he was moved from Rikers Island to Dannemora in 2017.
 * Christopher Porco: Serving 50 years to life, he was convicted for the 2004 ax murder of his father and attempted murder of his mother in their Delmar, New York, home.
 * Joel Rifkin: He was referred to as "Joel the Ripper" by tabloids after a five-year killing spree. He murdered 17 women, and is serving 203 years to life.
 * Altemio Sanchez (also known as the Bike Path Rapist): An American serial killer, he murdered at least three women and raped at least 14 others in and around Buffalo, New York, over a span of 25 years (1981–2006).
 * Renato Seabra: sentenced to 25 years to life for murdering and castrating Portuguese journalist Carlos Castro.
 * Heriberto Seda: Also known as "The New York Zodiac" or "The Brooklyn Sniper". He was convicted of murdering three people and attempting to murder another six people.
 * Tupac Shakur: served 7 months on a sexual-abuse conviction from March to October 1995 before being released on appeal.
 * Eric Smith: He was convicted of killing and sexually assaulting a four-year-old boy at age 13.
 * Willie Sutton: A bank robber, he was imprisoned at Dannemora in the 1920s.
 * Martin Tankleff: A former Belle Terre, New York, resident, he was freed after his conviction for killing his wealthy parents Arlene and Seymour Tankleff was overturned citing evidence that others committed the murders.
 * Leslie Torres: A teenaged spree killer, he shot five people to death in East Harlem during an eight-day robbery spree in 1988. He was sentenced to life imprisonment with parole after serving 60 years.

title: Clinton Correctional Facility