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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Technology-deck

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page, if it exists; or after the end of this archived section. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 02:17, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Technology-deck split and Technology-deck
Unverifiable, perhaps original research. Zero google hits for "technology-deck split". Maybe it can be moved somewhere, if it's real? --Cryptic (talk) 07:05, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC) "[Scottish English] retains the velar fricative, /x/, as a member; although in English (as opposed to Scots) /x/ is really restricted to proper names... and sometimes to Greek- or Hebrew-derived words spelt with ch (technical, patriarch /-rx/, epoch, parochial)."
 * Delete original research. JamesBurns 11:00, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * There is a place, and I created it back in February 2005 the last time that an article such as this came up in VFD. It's phonemic differentiation.  If "tech-deck" is shown to be real, Merge as per the decision of Votes for deletion/Sirius-serious merger. Uncle G 12:06, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * Keep This is a real thing. Many Scots do pronounce the ch in technology and orchid like the ch in loch instead of like the ch in school. Steve Jun 14, 2005 (actually 64.12.116.202 14:55, 2005 Jun 14 according to edit history. Uncle G 16:18, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC))
 * Then prove it. Cite your sources. Cite studies of this split by linguists.  Look at the list of references that Wikipedia editors have accrued at the bottom of phonemic differentiation.  Cite a similar reference for your "real thing".  If, however, this is your original study and your original linguistic analysis, then you are in the wrong place. Uncle G 16:18, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * It's not my original study. The use of /x/ in technical is discussed in the Scottish English talk page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Scottish_English. Steve Jun 14, 2005 (actually 205.188.117.9 18:31, 2005 Jun 14 according to edit history. Uncle G 18:56, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC))
 * It isn't, unless you count two people asking for sources to be cited, the same as here, to little effect to be discussion. "Noah Winner"'s question there remains unanswered. Uncle G 18:56, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * We have required all splits and mergers in phonemic differentiation to be verifiable with cited sources, and they all are, thanks to the good work of several editors. So far, even when pressed, the editors of this article (and indeed of Scottish English) have provided no verifiable sources for it.  As it stands, therefore, the implied "otherwise Delete" of my above vote applies. Uncle G 00:06, 2005 Jun 15 (UTC)
 * Merge with Scottish English. It's already at Scottish English, so delete this nonexistent term for it. I can provide a source for it. Wells (1982:408) writes:
 * I vote merge with Scottish English, not Do not merge with Phonemic differentiation, because it's not really a phonemic split. It's not that the above words developed /x/ from /k/ by sound change; it's a spelling pronunciation formed by analogy with Scots words and names that have ch pronounced /x/. --Angr/undefined 06:43, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge with phonemic differentiation. 205.188.116.14 13:55, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be placed on a related article talk page, if one exists; in an undeletion request, if it does not; or below this section.


text:
Caribbean music in the United Kingdom

People from the Caribbean have made significant contributions to British Black music for many generations.

Trinidadian calypso
Large-scale Caribbean migration to England recommenced following the Second World War in 1948. The Empire Windrush carried almost 500 passengers from Jamaica, including Lord Kitchener, a calypso singer from Trinidad. By chance, a local newsreel company filmed him singing "London Is the Place for Me" as he got off the ship. The 1951 Festival of Britain brought the Trinidad All Steel Percussion Orchestra (TASPO) and Roaring Lion to public attention. The smart set in Oxford and Cambridge adopted both calypso and steelband for debutante parties. In 1959, Trinidadian Claudia Jones started the Notting Hill Carnival. They brought Mighty Sparrow and others directly from Trinidad. Edric Connor had arrived in England from Trinidad in 1944. He starred in a West End musical called Calypso in 1948. A white Danish duo, Nina & Frederik, recorded several calypsos from 1958 to 1962, scoring in the charts. Cy Grant (from Guyana) sang a song by Lord Kitchener in the TV drama A Man from the Sun in 1956. It told the story of Caribbean migrants. From 1957 to 1960, Grant sang calypsos on the BBC TV news programme Tonight. In 1962, English comedian Bernard Cribbins had a hit with "Gossip Calypso". In 2002, London Is the Place for Me: Trinidadian Calypso, 1950-1956 was finally released in Britain.

Reggae and ska
Cecil Bustamante Campbell (Prince Buster) was born in 1938 in Orange Street, Kingston, Jamaica. In 1961, he signed to Blue Beat Records.

In 1962, Jamaica won its independence and Island Records was founded. One of the record label's producers, Chris Blackwell, brought Millie Small to Britain in 1963. Her high-pitched, slightly nasal voice had wide appeal with "My Boy Lollipop", which reached number 2 in the UK. It was perceived as a novelty pop song, not the start of a boom in ska. It was not until 1969 that reggae artists began to receive significant airplay. Dave and Ansell Collins, Ken Boothe and John Holt had hits.

Symarip (also known at various stages of their career as the Bees, the Pyramids, Seven Letters and Zubaba) were a ska and reggae band from the United Kingdom, originating in the late 1960s, when Frank Pitter and Michael Thomas founded the band as the Bees. The band's name was originally spelled Simaryp, which is an approximate reversal of the word "pyramids". Consisting of members of West Indian descent, Simaryp is widely marked as one of the first skinhead reggae bands, being one of the first to target skinheads as an audience. Their hits included "Skinhead Girl", "Skinhead Jamboree" and "Skinhead Moonstomp", the latter of which was based on the Derrick Morgan song, "Moon Hop".

Trojan Records was founded in 1967, named after producer Duke Reid, known as 'The Trojan'. It brought Jamaican recordings to Britain. Their first hit was Jimmy Cliff's "Wonderful World, Beautiful People" in 1969. The label had 28 other hits.

The first Jamaican performers to reach number one in Britain were Desmond Dekker and the Aces with "Israelites" in 1969. The second act was Althea & Donna with "Uptown Top Ranking" in 1977. Bob Marley came from Jamaica to London and recorded "Catch a Fire" in 1972, returning to record "Exodus" and "Kaya" in 1977. Eddy Grant was born in Guyana in 1948 and grew up in Brixton. He was part of the Equals, the first multi-racial group to reach number one in the UK with "Baby Come Back" in 1968. He took Caribbean music further in the direction of rock than anyone else. His gritty voice took "Electric Avenue" to the top 10 twice. His studio in Barbados has been used by Sting and Elvis Costello.

Roots and dub
Roots reggae was increasingly popular with the UK's black working-class youth from the 1970s onwards, its message of Rastafari and overcoming injustice striking a chord with those on the receiving end of racism and poverty. Jamaicans who had settled in the UK (and their children who had been born here) were instrumental in setting up a network of reggae soundsystems. The most popular soundsystems included Jah Shaka, Coxsone Outernational, Fatman, Jah Tubbys and Quaker City.

A number of producers such as Dennis Bovell and Mad Professor began to record UK and Jamaican artists and release their records.

Bands such as Aswad, Steel Pulse, Misty In Roots and Beshara released records and played gigs throughout the UK.

As roots music's popularity waned in Jamaica in the 1980s, soundsystems such as Jah Shaka kept the faith in the UK, influencing a new generation of producers, soundsystems and artists, including The Disciples, Irration Steppas, Jah Warrior and The Rootsman. This scene has been referred to as "UK Dub".

The 1990s saw a resurgence of interest in 70s roots reggae and dub with a number of UK-based specialist labels such as Pressure Sounds, Soul Jazz and Blood & Fire being set up to re-release classic recordings.

"Punky Reggae Party"
"Punky Reggae Party" is a song written by Bob Marley as a positive response to the emerging UK punk scene.

Roots and Dub music gained popularity with UK punks in the mid-70s, with Don Letts playing reggae records alongside punk ones at the Roxy nightclub and Johnny Rotten citing Dr Alimantado's "Born for a Purpose" as one of his favourite records in a radio interview. After the Sex Pistols split, Rotten was sent to Jamaica by Virgin Records as a talent scout for their Frontline reggae sub-label.

The Clash started out as a straight-ahead punk rock group, but their first album covered "Police & Thieves", a reggae track by Junior Murvin. Their bass player Paul Simonon was a reggae enthusiast. Increasingly the group took significant influence from reggae, on tracks such as "The Guns of Brixton", which used themes of impoverished criminality and a renegade lifestyle, with a punky edge. Their track "(White Man) In Hammersmith Palais" was written about the group's experience at a reggae dance. Jamaican reggae producer Lee Perry was brought in to produce the tune "Complete Control".

The Ruts recorded the reggae-inspired "Babylon's Burning", "Jah War", "Love in Vain" and "Give Youth a Chance", while The Members recorded similar white reggae tracks such as "Don't Push" and "Offshore Banking Business". The Boomtown Rats similarly released a number of reggae-inspired records, such as "Banana Republic" and later "House on Fire".

Towards the end of the 1970s, punk and reggae groups would appear on the same bills at Rock Against Racism events.

Lovers rock
While most of the developments in the music took place in Jamaica (dub, toasting, dancehall, ragga) there was one form that was born in Britain. Lovers rock, developed in the 1970s, was a smooth, soulful version of reggae, spearheaded by Dennis Brown.

The early years of "lovers rock" have two main resonances: London "blues parties" and discs by girl singers who sounded as if they were still worrying about their school reports. The record that kick-started the phenomenon was the 14-year-old Louisa Mark's plaintive reading of Robert Parker's soul hit, "Caught You In A Lie", with Matumbi as backing group and production by sound-system man Lloyd Coxsone (b. Lloyd Blackwood, Jamaica); this appeared on Coxsone's Safari imprint in 1975 and was impressive enough to see release in Jamaica by Gussie Clake. Several of Louisa Mark's subsequent titles, including "All My Loving" (Safari) and "Six Sixth Street" (Bushays), repeated the success and have remained favourites at revive sessions ever since.

Mark's hit was followed by Ginger Williams' "Tenderness" (Third World), and a genre was born-essentially Philly/Chicago soul ballads played over fat reggae basslines. The style was consolidated by the husband-and-wife team of Dennis and Eve Harris who had a big hit with the white singer T.T. Ross's massively popular "Last Date" (Lucky), another key record, and set up a new imprint, Lover's Rock, giving the genre its name.

Later labels such as Fashion Records and Ariwa would go on to take lovers rock to more sophisticated plains and beyond the music's original market of working-class teenagers. and while the music media largely ignored their performers-singers like Peter Hunnigale, Sylvia Tella, Michael Gordon and Keith Douglas they have deservedly scored hit after hit with audiences who trust what they hear rather than read.

White reggae
The influence of reggae was felt in rock almost immediately, but usually surfaced as a tangential reference in some stars' isolated songs. The Beatles song 1964 "I Call Your Name," for instance, has a ska break; a few years later, they would appropriate the reggae rhythm for 1968 "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da".

Chris Andrews (born 1942) was a songwriter for Sandie Shaw. The song "Yesterday Man" was inappropriate for her, so he sang it himself and it went to number 3 in the UK Singles Chart in 1965. At the time, the musical style was called bluebeat, a music genre that is now recognized by most as ska or reggae. He followed this with "To Whom It Concerns" (number 13 in 1965) and "Something on My Mind" (number 41 in 1966).

Paul McCartney bought Jamaican-imported singles, but this was not obvious in The Beatles' repertoire until "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" on the White Album. There was a gentle reggae beat in some of his later solo singles, such as "Another Day" and "Silly Love Songs". He also named one of his Christmas song covers "Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reggae". Other pop hits include "Sugar, Sugar" by the Archies (number 1 in 1969) and "I Can See Clearly Now" by Johnny Nash (number 5 in 1972). Also in the mid-1970s, art rockers 10cc released a few reggae-styled singles, including "Dreadlock Holiday".

Ska/reggae artist Judge Dread (named after a Prince Buster character) released his first single in 1972; the somewhat X-rated "Big Six", which went to number 11. Judge Dread (born Alexander Hughes) continued his popularity with other rude songs, chiefly enjoyed by skinheads, who had always been avid fans of ska and reggae. Skinheads were preceded by the mods, who were the first real white supporters of ska/bluebeat in the 1960s. Georgie Fame, a mod R&B favourite, popularised a ska feel in his music at times.

The Police's first top 20 single single was "Roxanne" and although styled on bossa nova or tango had a reggae guitar sound. It was followed by "Can't Stand Losing You", "So Lonely", "Walking on the Moon" and others with more identifiably reggae beats. Sting's somewhat interesting Jamaican accent attracted criticism, but the band was commercially successful. Blondie's "The Tide is High" was perhaps the first big white reggae hit in Britain and also draws on the lovers rock elements of reggae. Both Harry Belafonte and Nina & Frederik had hits with "Mary's Boy Child", but it was Boney M who gave this slow ballad a reggae rhythm in 1978 and took it to number 1 in the UK Singles Chart for four weeks.

Mixed-race reggae
More long-term success was achieved by UB40, of Birmingham. They started life performing reggae-influenced material of their own creation, but their biggest contribution is perhaps covering songs, whether that was reggae originals made into their own, or non-reggae songs that they were able to cross-over into the genre. "Kingston Town", "I Got You Babe", "Many Rivers to Cross" and "Here I Am (Come and Take Me)" are a few of the more famous examples they did. Their chart-topping cover of "Red Red Wine" was an accident of sorts - they knew a reggae version of the song, but were unaware that the American pop singer Neil Diamond was its original author.

2-tone
2 Tone Records, founded in 1979, combined ska, reggae and rock, which evolved out of punk rock, spawning the 2 tone movement with bands such as the Specials, the Selecter, Madness and the Beat. The 2-tone sound continued and evolved into the 1980s, with bands such as the Hot Knives, the Loafers and Potato 5.

Gospel
Gospel music, although a subgenre of black music in the UK today, also arrived in England in the early post-war years, along with the large-scale immigrant influx and their wide variety of musical tastes. Pioneers in this field include an eight-piece a cappella family group from Trinidad called the Singing Stewarts - Oscar Stewart, Ashmore Stewart, Frankie Stewart, Phylis Stewart, Gloria Stewart, Timothy Stewart, Thedore Stewart and Del Stewart - who were the first to appear on a major British record label in the late 1960s. They impressed many English audiences with their unique interpretation of negro spirituals and traditional gospel songs. Based in Birmingham in the Midlands, they appeared on numerous radio shows and participated in the prestigious Edinburgh Festival, again increasing awareness of this genre.

In later years and decades when black people began to settle in the UK, groups such as the Doyleys, Paradise, Lavine Hudson and the Bazil Meade-inspired London Community Gospel Choir began to drive the music much further towards the mainstream and out of the comfort zone of the black churches.

The Singing Stewarts are featured in the book British Black Gospel: The Foundations of This Vibrant UK Sound by Steve Alexander Smith. The Huddersfield-born Smith was inspired to write the book after spending time in the US in the mid-1990s and witnessing the best that black gospel could offer.

The book is the world's first to cover the underground British black gospel scene and is published with a 13-track CD.

Folk music
While many immigrants from the Caribbean brought with them the folk music of the area, it was not until the 1960s when the Spinners, a folk group from Liverpool, England, who were the first multiracial singing group to have major success in the UK brought Caribbean folk music into the mainstream. Cliff Hall, their West Indian singer and guitarist, born in Cuba and brought up in Jamaica, brought many songs from the Caribbean to their repertoire including "Woman Sweeter Than Man", "Matty Rag" and "Linstead Market".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Caribbean music in the United Kingdom


text:
1970 in South Africa

The following lists events that happened during 1970 in South Africa.

Incumbents

 * State President: Jim Fouché.
 * Prime Minister: John Vorster.
 * Chief Justice: Lucas Cornelius Steyn.

Events

 * May
 * 21 – Prime Minister John Vorster and Prime Minister of Rhodesia Ian Smith hold private talks.

 * June
 * 12 – Mangosuthu Buthelezi is elected first Chief Executive Officer of the black homeland of KwaZulu.

 * December
 * 7 – The U.N. General Assembly supports the isolation of South Africa for its apartheid policies.

Births

 * 4 January – Marc Batchelor, soccer player (d. 2019)
 * 7 January – Sizwe Motaung, soccer player (d. 2001)
 * 30 January – Hans Vonk (footballer), soccer goalkeeper
 * 30 March – Ruben Kruger, rugby player (d. 2010)
 * 19 February – Kurt Darren, singer
 * 2 March – Nicolene Neal, lawn bowler
 * 30 March – Leleti Khumalo, actress
 * 12 May – Steve Palframan, cricketer
 * 22 May – Pollen Ndlanya soccer player
 * 3 June – Johan Ackermann, rugby player & coach
 * 10 June – Connie Ferguson, Botswana-born South African actress
 * 20 June – Athol Williams (AE Ballakisten), poet and social philosopher
 * 3 July – Deon Kayser, rugby player
 * 30 July – Eric Tinkler, soccer player
 * 8 August – Chester Williams, rugby player (d. 2019)
 * 10 September – Phaswane Mpe, poet and novelist (d. 2004)
 * 28 September – Vatiswa Ndara, actress
 * 27 October – Tina Jaxa, actress
 * 14 November – André Venter, rugby player
 * 5 December – Sibusiso Vilane, adventurer, motivational speaker & author, first black African to summit Mount Everest

Locomotives

 * The South African Railways places the first of eighty Class 6E mainline electric locomotives in service. Two are also built for Iscor for use at the Sishen iron ore mine.

Rugby

 * 10 January – The South African Springboks draw 8–8 with Ireland at Lansdowne Road, Dublin, Ireland.

title: 1970 in South Africa


text:
Bicolored conebill

The bicolored conebill (Conirostrum bicolor) is a small passerine bird. This member of the tanager family is a resident breeder in South America from Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad south and east to the Guianas, northeast Peru and Brazil.

Habitat
Its habitat is coastal mangrove swamps and neighbouring woodlands. The small feather-lined cup nest is built in a mangrove tree, and the normal clutch is two brown-blotched buff eggs. Nests are often parasitised by shiny cowbirds.

Description
The bicolored conebill is 11.4 cm long and weighs 11 g. The adult is grey-blue above and buff-tinged grey below, with red eyes, pink legs and a sharp, pointed bill. The primary flight feathers are bluish with brown edgings. The sexes are similar, although the female may be a little duller, but immature birds are greenish above and have pale yellow underparts. Birds sometimes breed in immature plumage.

Diet
These warbler-like birds eat mainly insects and occasionally seeds. The bicolored conebill's call is a thin tseep.

title: Bicolored conebill


text:
Talk:Bunge Global

Clean up
This article is very short and missing just about everything useful! It needs a lot of work and currently resembles an advert as much as anything! A curate's egg 07:10, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Portuguese, German and French versions appear to be more solid, and contain mostly the same information. English version is entirely different and has a lot of internal inconsistencies. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.105.250.4 (talk) 13:58, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

Year numbers are wrong
Most of the year numbers mentioned in the article are in the 34th century! Obviously something is wrong. (as of 9/29/2010) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Valupedia (talk • contribs) 21:37, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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Removed Animal Cruelty section
I have removed the section suggesting that Bunge has received "ongoing criticism" due to a perceived connection to animal cruelty by way of one of their board members having ties to the subject. Not only was this claim uncited, but it seems like a massive stretch to criticize an entire company for the action of one its board members' purported actions.  Illini407 talk 18:33, 7 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bunge Global


text:
Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb

Muhammad ibn Thalib ibn Abd Allah ibn Ni`mat Allah ibn Sadr ad-Din ibn Shaykh Baha' ad-Din ash-Shirazi (محمد ابن طالب عبدالله ابن نعمات الله ابن صدر الدين ابن شيخ بهاءالدين الشيرازي) was a 15th-century Persian physician from Shiraz, Iran. Muhammad ibn Thalib ash-Shirazi is known only by his extensive Arabic manual on diseases and "tested remedies" (mujarrabat). He composed it for an otherwise unknown person named al-Hasan ibn Abi Yahya ibn Barakat, whose name is mentioned in the title, which translates as "Useful Information for Hasan on Tested Medical Remedies". Only two copies are known, one at The National Library of Medicine, and one in Dublin; the latter was copied in 1715, and therefore the author must have lived prior to that time.

Sommer states that Muhammad ibn Thalib Shirazi died in 1467.

title: Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb


text:
Talk:List of hoaxes

Johann Hari added
Corrected the remarkable state of affairs which resulted in the most significant case in modern times of journalistic fraud, fabrication and plagiarism (alongside Jayson Blair) was missing. 82.10.117.175 (talk) 10:36, 27 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I've removed it as it's unsourced and qualifies under WP:BLP - although feel free to re-add once you've collected some sources to support the addition. Chaheel Riens (talk) 10:47, 27 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I've re-added it. It is sourced at the article, like every other entry on this list. The case of Jayson Blair is similar, again, sourced at the article, not here. cagliost (talk) 08:12, 25 July 2017 (UTC)
 * The source states that "he plagiarised and embellished quotes" and does not mention the term "hoax". I think "hoax" has a certain context to it and not all lies, fabrications, or deceptive statements are considered hoaxes. -Location (talk) 02:53, 19 August 2017 (UTC)

Definitions
I think we have to be more discerning here when defining a hoax. There's a fine line between hoax and outright fraud, and I think when placing an entry into this list, one has to be careful to distinguish between the two. The key, I think, harkens to the definitions below from Mirriam Webster, which includes the word "preposterous", and Cambridge and Collins, which includes "practical joke" and "trick". If a hoax is to be differentiated at all from a mere agenda-advancing fraud or career-advancing (among other) lies, I think that vein of understanding must be considered when deciding just what exactly a hoax is – and whether it should be included in this list.
 * Definition of hoax:
 * [Mirriam Webster]: transitive verb
 * to trick into believing or accepting as genuine something false and often preposterous
 * [Cambridge Dictionary]: noun
 * a plan to deceive a large group of people; a trick:
 * {Collins}: noun
 * a trick, esp. one meant as a practical joke

Thoughts? GenQuest "Talk to Me" 11:31, 19 August 2017 (UTC)

 * I agree. The Wikipedia way to approach this should be to follow what reliable secondary sources have labeled as "hoax", however, the definition can be somewhat nebulous and I assume that even reliable sources are not entirely consistent with what they mean by "hoax". -Location (talk) 15:30, 19 August 2017 (UTC)

 * I dislike "Proven hoaxes of exposure". Practical jokes maybe? - Zezen (talk) 09:42, 29 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Practical jokes are typically small scale, played among friends. A hoax is a more elaborate ruse perpetrated on a large scale against the general public, often in an attempt to get wider publicity. Putting your sleeping friend's hand in water is a practical joke. Putting a dinosaur toy in a lake and sending photos to the newspaper (along with your story of the encounter) as evidence of the "Loch Ness Monster" is a hoax. - Kzirkel (talk) 14:55, 29 June 2019 (UTC)

Cranberries for UTI
Cranberries for UTI was/is a hoax perpetrated in 1960 following the Great Cranberry Scare of 1959. Everybody still falls for it. Definitly fits the definition(s) of hoax; except that it is perhaps an outright fraud AND it was done for money.Richard8081 (talk) 19:55, 2 November 2021 (UTC)

Can you add this please?
https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/andrew-dawson-giant-on-mountain-sighting-tiktok-giant 2600:1700:D150:17F0:189:CD08:626C:BB7E (talk) 19:34, 1 May 2023 (UTC)

ITER
Hoax: "a plan to deceive a large group of people". Reactor to produce 500 MW heat for minutes, from 300..620 MW electrical power. Spreading myth that total toxic waste from fusion would be less than fission such as the fast-spectrum fission Integral fast reactor, but there is no scientific study about total waste volume per GWyear electricity production to back this up (the lack of this absolutely essential study alone proves that it is a deception ... deceiving a large group of people).

Considering the extreme size of 840 m3 reactor and relatively low power and short first-wall lifetime because of 14.06 MeV neutron damage, device waste (dominating nuclear fusion and fission energy production, more volume and more costly to handle compared to fission products having an extremely large value if processed). The scientific studies about fusion reactors, eg. Nuclear fusion–fission hybrid (plasma fusion reactor, practically tokamak) by Hans Bethe in 1979 and LANL in 1980 correctly conclude that there is no advantage compared to fission only breeder reactors even if we allow fusion energy production to be negative (to breed fuel with or without energy production). It becomes worse if we demand positive energy production besides breeding fuel (it's own tritium or other nuclear fuel). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.83.11.189 (talk • contribs)
 * We'd need WP:SECONDARY sources specifically identifying it as a hoax. For example, if multiple WP:INDY WP:RS sources identified it as a hoax, it would be notable enough for this list. - LuckyLouie (talk) 17:12, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of hoaxes


text: Wikipedia:POTD/June 14, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/June 14, 2005


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/June 14, 2005


text: User talk:84.142.239.171

title: User talk:84.142.239.171


text:
Talk:Kai (LEXX)

Untitled
Why is there no photo?

there should be information on kai's brace weapon.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by USER NAME OR IP (talk • contribs).

Is there still a problem with the style - I write formal English for a living and this article seemed perfectly reasonable to me, especially given the subject matter!!212.50.162.251 15:33, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

==do i think that kai flies?because is extraordinarly beautiful to imagine that he does because he has the look of someone who does and it should compare the asteroid with a planet not forever or what? anyway i have a bad cold and i could say that life indeed is full of flies that fly ..above the fruits and above the faeries and of course there is bacterias that exsists evrywhere and we should be aware of the last time the bacterial comed and destroyed the antybodies we can not presume that bacterials havent been killed and we can not say that kai did not cryed to and laughs and is a beautifull actor not some alien freak from someones mind Insert non-formatted text here life is very singing about me the love us affecting or reality and that mades you lodger then life looking i can see your body sway cause all of your time spend is just a life ...anyway kai is afriend to me everytime longer then life all of the time spends keeps for life and imortality if i may cvause i believ  that evrytime we are down we are up like the sun rising up each time like the moon at night like satelites of some planet i personally like billie joe armstrong face because is beautifull then kai ewheen i see it but i would kiss them both one friendly on the cheek and other erotic on the mouth

notability tag
I am a little bit concerned about the notability tag this article "earned". I tried to improve it by adding some references. Perhaps someone can make some suggestions to improve the article, please tell us. I do not completely understand whats wrong with the article for being tagged. To much text and to less links?--LeananKite (talk) 16:17, 10 February 2011 (UTC)

....................................................................................

As an owner of all 4 seasons on DVD and a lover of the show, this is pretty accurate info and needs no tagging.

Perhaps, someone should mention, if it hasn't been... and I don't recall if it was... that seasons 2-4 were only released on DVD in Zone 4. This I know to be true. ~ K ~

title: Talk:Kai (LEXX)


text: Talk:Stanley Tweedle

title: Talk:Stanley Tweedle


text:
Toxic!

Toxic! was a British comic that was published weekly from March 28 to October 24, 1991, by Apocalypse Ltd, with a total of 31 issues.

History
Toxic! was the idea of Pat Mills, Kevin O'Neill, Mike McMahon, John Wagner and Alan Grant. The aim was to provide creators an outlet for their work to be published with them retaining the rights and control of their work. This was in contrast to 2000 AD, which Mills had also launched in 1977. Toxic! was to be the main rival of 2000 AD, and would be in full-colour throughout (as opposed to 2000 AD, which was still mainly published in black and white).

Toxic! was published by Apocalypse Ltd, an offshoot of Neptune Distribution based in South Wigston, Leicester. Neptune also owned Trident Comics which printed black and white comics by mainly new, unpublished creators.

The first issue of Toxic! was released in March 1991. Toxic! was initially dominated by Mills (Mills had rejected John Wagner's proposal for Button Man based on its supposed similarity to Accident Man; it later appeared in 2000 AD). His Marshal Law strip was seen as the flagship title and as a character to perhaps rival Judge Dredd. Mills also wrote Accident Man (with Tony Skinner) and Muto-Maniac in the first issue, which was rounded out by a short strip by Alan Grant and Simon Bisley.

This first issue set the tone of Toxic! as it upped the levels of violence, bad language and general anarchic tone that Mills had felt was lacking in 2000 AD at the time. The second issue saw Wagner and Grant's The Bogie Man strip start in an adventure called The Chinese Syndrome. The strip did not fit comfortably with the others and The Chinese Syndrome stopped suddenly with issue nine, and a different story, The Manhattan Project, started with issue eleven. The second issue also saw the launch of the love-it-or-loathe-it strip The Driver co-written and co-drawn by David Leach and Jeremy Banx, one episode of which resulted in a visit by the local constabulary to the offices of Toxic! after a complaint from an offended reader about Toxic! containing obscene material. Issue #15 saw the start of The Dinner Ladies From Hell written and drawn by David Leach, described as a cross between Dennis Wheatley and Robert Rankin.

This was not the only strip which suffered problems, Marshal Law began to miss issues, and some of the material replacing it proved not to be as popular. Some strips meant to be published by Trident Comics were even used to provide filler material. This hurt the title, as although it had sold well initially, sales were dropping, and it became clear that there were problems with Apocalypse paying creators. These problems meant many creators such as Mike McMahon saw work published which he had not been paid for. After 31 issues, the comic was cancelled and shortly afterward Apocalypse went bankrupt. This meant many involved were never paid and some of those never worked in comics again.

Legacy
Toxic! may have ended up being a failure but it proved a full colour weekly comic could be done. This changed 2000AD as it was forced to change its format to mirror the full colour format of Toxic!. It also gave some creators their first major break into comics, Mike Carey being one of several examples.

Several strips did go off to other publishers. Mills took Marshal Law, Sex Warrior and Accident Man to Dark Horse, Wagner and Grant took The Bogie Man to Atomeka Press, and several other strips were recycled in 2000AD.

In September 2002 Egmont UK launched a boy's magazine entitled Toxic, which has proven to be very popular, but apart from the title, there is no connection with the comic of the nineties. Toxic does contain some comic strips of the juvenile toilet humour variety.

Notable stories

 * Marshal Law, these were new adventures of Mills and O'Neill's superhero-hunter, previously published by Marvel Comics' Epic imprint. This was the most consistently popular story but suffered from missing issues and ending abruptly during a storyline. The story was eventually completed and published by Dark Horse.
 * Accident Man, an assassin who makes his hits look like accidents, written by Mills and Tony Skinner and drawn initially by Martin Emond, later by Duke Mighten and John Erasmus. This also ended up at Dark Horse and was optioned to be made into a film in 1997. A film was finally made in 2017.
 * Muto-Maniac, a science fiction series about a man who attracts bad luck, by Mills and McMahon. This story was uncompleted.
 * The Bogie Man, Wagner and Grant's delusional Glaswegian would-be Bogart, drawn by Robin Smith and Cam Kennedy. Both of the stories which ran in Toxic! were completed at Atomeka Press. The Chinese Syndrome was also renamed Chinatoon at Atomeka. A television film version was shown in 1992, starring Robbie Coltrane. A third series ran in the Judge Dredd Megazine.
 * Makabre, a religious vigilante of the future, by Alan Grant and Enrique Alcatena. This story was uncompleted.
 * Sex Warrior, by Mills, Skinner and Will Simpson, a war in which sexual energy is used as a weapon, satirising the concept that "old people make wars... young people fight them". The story was revamped for a two issue mini series published by Dark Horse.
 * Brats Bizarre, a team of decadent superheroes, by Mills, Skinner and Duke Mighten. This story was uncompleted.
 * The Driver: A man known only as The Driver drives a five-mile-long truck full of toxic and industrial waste (including wreckage from the Challenger Shuttle disaster) through the middle of middle America only to fly tip it into Meteor Crater, Arizona, in the process he uses a small town as a brake. On the back of the Driver, Banx and Leach were commissioned by Marvel US to write and draw Toxic Crusaders both for the regular title and then for an aborted 4 issue mini series. The Driver himself featured in the following year's comic convention UKCAC logo.
 * The Dinner Ladies From Hell by David Leach. In the story, the wives of the Four Riders of the Apocalypse have six days, six hours and six minutes to corrupt seven children with the deadly sins and only one man and God's cook book stand in their way.
 * Detritus Rex: Written and drawn by Banx and coloured by Leach, this bizarre and twisted post-ecological-apocalypse tale was uncompleted.

title: Toxic!


text:
Mohammad Mehdi ibn Ali Naqi

Muhammad Mehdi ibn Ali Naqi, was an early 18th-century Persian physician from Isfahan.

He composed a Persian treatise on hygiene and preservation of health addressed to travelers, titled Zad al-musafirin, which he wrote in Isfahan, during the Afghan invasion. He completed it on 15 September 1728 CE.

This treatise is preserved today in numerous copies. The copy at The National Library of Medicine, however, is one of only two copies that contain the postscript stating when and where he composed the manual.

title: Mohammad Mehdi ibn Ali Naqi


text:
Ball pit

A ball pit (originally called a ball crawl, also known as a ball pool or ball pond) is a padded box or pool filled with small colorful hollow plastic balls generally no larger than 3 in in diameter. They are typically marketed as recreation and exercise for children.

They are sometimes found at nurseries, carnivals, amusement parks, fun centers, fast-food restaurants, and large video arcades, frequently incorporated into larger play structures such as mazes, slides and jungle gyms. They may be rented for parties, and smaller versions are sold for home use. Ball pits are also sometimes used in therapy and educational settings, as they can provide a stimulating and sensory-rich environment.

Age for ball pit
Generally, ball pits are considered safe and enjoyable for children who are at least 10 months old and able to sit up and move independently. At this age, they have better head and neck control, reducing the risk of accidental suffocation in the ball pit.

History
Eric McMillan is credited with creating the first ball pit in 1976 at SeaWorld Captain Kids World in San Diego, US as a result of his experience at Ontario Place in Canada. However, IKEA claims that they had a ball pit in the early 1970s in Kungens Kurva, Sweden.

Urban legends
Beginning in the late 1990s, a number of urban legends arose about children being severely injured or killed in ball pit encounters with vipers or hypodermic needles. There is no truth to these stories.

In popular culture
In China Miéville's short story "The Ball Room" (Looking for Jake), the ghost of a child who died in a ball pit haunts a local IKEA-like store.

In the Johnny Bravo episode "Johnny Meets Donny Osmond", Donny pushes Johnny into a fast-food ball pit, where he comes across a young boy who claims to have been there since the age of five.

In the Rugrats episode "Piggy's Pizza Palace", the Rugrats jump on a costumed pig named Piggy as an act of revenge to get Angelica's tickets back. It causes the ball pit structure to split open and the balls fall out all over the restaurant.

In season 3 episode 14 ("The Einstein Approximation") of the TV series The Big Bang Theory, Sheldon seeks inspiration in a ball pit at a shopping mall, then hides from Leonard, who then tries to retrieve Sheldon from the pit.

In 2014, a YouTube vlogger under the name Roman Atwood made a video of transforming the living room of his home into a massive ball pit, intended as a prank for his girlfriend who had returned from a trip. He later collaborates with another vlogger, Freddie Wong, to create a comedy video involving giant ball pit and "ball monster" prank.

title: Ball pit


text: Talk:Toxic!

title: Talk:Toxic!


text: User talk:130.214.25.254

title: User talk:130.214.25.254


title: File:KB25.JPG


text:
Confessions Part II

"Confessions Part II" is a song by R&B singer Usher, produced by Jermaine Dupri and Bryan-Michael Cox for Usher's fourth album Confessions. Written by Usher, Dupri and Cox, the song is a confession of a man to his woman about his impregnated mistress. This is a continuation of "Confessions Part I" which relates to a man's infidelity. Its personal content evoked rumors and early responses from the public even before its release, believing that Usher was asserting the truth; however, Dupri divulged that the story behind the album is about himself.

"Confessions Part II" received mixed reviews from critics. The song was released as the third single from the album, following the success of "Burn". The single reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for two weeks, becoming the album's third consecutive number-one single. Internationally, the single had lesser success than the album's previous releases.

Background and release
When he started working on his fourth studio album Confessions after the release of his 2001 album 8701, Usher chose not to branch out much with musical collaborators; instead, he chose to continue creating music with his previous producers. He again enlisted producer-songwriter Jermaine Dupri, who had produced songs for Usher's two previous albums. Dupri approached Bryan-Michael Cox, asking him to become a collaborator. Cox has been a frequent partner of Dupri who had produced hits for Usher as well. Like "Burn", the second single from the album, Dupri and Cox conversed about a situation, creating the idea of the prospective song. However, they were concerned because they needed somebody to write such a song and they never thought Usher would do it. The concept became "Confessions".

Usher started recording the song in July 2003 in New York City. One day, before the night was over, Usher was singing about impregnating a mistress and becoming displeased, having found that she is three months pregnant. The theme of cheating inspired him and Dupri, and they then decided to produce two parts of "Confessions": Part I and Part II. Usher said that the former is a "dramatization where a guy confesses all the stuff he's been doing" against his woman. The latter speaks of impregnating a mistress.

While Confessions was still in production, Usher promised "real talk" in it. He decided "to let it all hang out by singing about some of his own little secrets, as well as a few bones from his homies' skeleton-filled closets." He explained: "All of us have our Pandora's boxes or skeletons in our closets. I let a few of them out, you know. I've got a lot to say. I've got a lot of things and stuff built in me that I just want to let go of." He further noted that, for the most part, the album's subject matter is "very personal". Dupri expected people to question some of the personal lyrics they associated in the song.

"Confessions Part II" was released as the third single from the album, following "Burn". The single was released in the United States as a 12-inch single on August 24, 2004. It was released in Germany on October 18, and Australia on October 26, 2004, featuring the album and remix version of the track and a song called "Whatever I Want". In the United Kingdom, it was issued as a double A-side with "My Boo", the fourth single from the album. The single was released in the country on November 1, 2004.

Lyrical interpretation
Usher held few listening parties for the album prior to its release. Shortly after, people came up with different interpretations of "Confessions Part II", among other personal songs in the album. In 2003, Usher's two-year relationship with TLC's Chilli was going to "flame-out", which partly contributed to the concept of "Burn". They finally broke up early in 2004 because of "irreconcilable differences and because the two found it almost impossible to make compromises" which partly triggered public speculation that some of the songs in the album are in reference to his personal struggle. They referred to the song speaking about Usher's "infidelity" to Chilli.

Alongside the "cheating" rumors, the public inferred from the lyrics that Usher had impregnated a mistress in real life. Usher, however, emphasized that he was not in a relationship or "got another girl pregnant" and he was singing a "character". The similarity of situations he faced before and experiences of his friends collectively inspired him to write the song. In the middle of rumors, Dupri admitted that the stories behind the songs in the album are his. He stated, "me cheating on my steady girlfriend, having a baby with that other woman and having to confess to everything that happened to my main girl." Behind rumors, Usher refuted in an interview with MTV News:

People assume things, because as I said, I pull from my personal experiences to make my music ... I never experienced [fathering a child outside of a relationship] firsthand, but it's something I wanted to talk about ... and it's something that has happened to me in the past ... As I said, I have a few deep, dark ones that I've kept stowed away in a closet for a minute ... That's why I take this time to speak to you guys and let you know really what it is ... I will tell you that I loved [Chilli] a lot and she obviously loved me; it just didn't work out. But cheating is not what caused the relationship to collide and crash. That ain't what broke it up.

Composition
"Confessions Part II" is an R&B song composed in the key of F minor. Set in common time, the song is performed with a moderate groove. The song follows the chord progression of D♭maj7-E♭-Fm7, and Usher's voice spans from the low note of E♭4 to the high note of F6. The lyrics are constructed in the inverted chorus-verse form. There are four choruses and two verses, and then a break between the third and final chorus which Usher speaks the lyrics.

The lyrics of "Confessions Part II" centers on a confession about impregnating a mistress. For the prelude, Usher tells his significant other that he impregnated his mistress. "Confessions Part II" apologizes what he had done in part one. Usher said of the song that right after he confessed with his real woman, he hoped she would still give him a chance. Dupri said that "Confessions Part II" is one of the songs which speak about breakups in relationships.

Reception
Many critics found the song intriguing and came up with interpretations of it as well. Andrew McGregor of the BBC questioned if "Confessions Part II", as well as "Truth Hurts", are only "mere theatre" or telling the truth. Laura Sinagra of Rolling Stone focuses on how Usher admits in the song about impregnating a mistress. Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine commented that Usher was at an age when "getting his 'chick on the side'" seemed appropriate. Outside of rumors, Jem Aswad of Entertainment Weekly said that the best songs from the album were "Confessions Part II" and "Burn", which he described as having smooth melodies. Matt Cibula of Popmatters said of the flow of the concept does not work. He pointed out that in the second part, Usher claims he "barely knows the other lady", while in the first part, he already said that she was his ex-girlfriend. He furthered called it the "wimpiest" song on the theme of the album. Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times called it a "tricky infidelity narrative".

"Confessions Part II" was nominated for Best R&B/Soul, Male at the 2005 Soul Train Music Awards. At the 2005 American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers Pop Music Awards, Dupri received the ASCAP Golden Note Award for co-writing the song, alongside his many achievements and contributions to American popular music. British record company EMI was recognized as Publisher of the Year for the song, including "Burn" and songs by Alicia Keys, Beyoncé Knowles, Britney Spears.

Chart performance
"Confessions Part II" lived up to the success of its predecessors in the United States, though not as overwhelmingly. The single debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 48, a higher entry than those of "Yeah!" and "Burn" did, while "Yeah!" was still at the top of the chart and "Burn" at number three. It peaked at number one on July 27, 2004, replacing "Burn"'s eighth non-consecutive chart run, and stayed there for two weeks. It failed to match the number of days at top spot of the previous two releases, and remained on the top ten for 13 weeks. The single left the chart after 25 weeks. The single was certified three-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on for reaching 3 million shipments.

Internationally, "Confessions Part II" had lesser success. The single debuted at number five in Australia, becoming its highest entry, and failed to reach a higher position. The single reached number five in the United Kingdom, peaked at number seven in Ireland, and below top ten in the Netherlands and France, where it reached #43

Music video

The music video of "Confessions Part II" was co-directed by Usher and music video director Chris Robinson, who also directed the video for the album's fourth single, "My Boo". "Confessions (Interlude)" serves as the opening of the video. Set in a studio, Usher receives a phone message and finds out that he impregnated his mistress. After he speaks the spoken section of the interlude and gets in a car, "Confessions Part II" proceeds. Usher is set in a dark lit room, with only one chair. He occasionally shows a large ring on his ring finger. In the middle of the video, he lies on a piano and in his imagination, his woman and mistress are beside him. The next scene shows Usher in a brown car singing, goes out and kneels before his woman to confess. She refuses to listen and slaps Usher, then walks away. This led to Usher being sad and angry for losing his woman and becoming shirtless. Alone, Usher stands in front of a wide mirror, which breaks into pieces accompanied by a roaring sound, ending the same way "Confessions Part II" started, with him sitting on a chair.

The music video features actresses Angell Conwell and Robinne Lee as Usher's two love interests, as mentioned in the song.

The music video successfully charted on video programs. It debuted on MTV's Total Request Live on June 28, 2004, the same entry as "Burn". The music video reached number one on the countdown, and retired on September 15, 2004, at number seven. Like "Yeah!", "Confessions Part II" video remained on TRL for 50 days.

The music video on YouTube has received over 215 million views as of June 2024.

Remixes and parodies
The official remix of "Confessions Part II" was included on the re-release of Confessions, and features additional verses by Usher, Shyne (rapped his verse on the phone while in prison), Kanye West, Twista and Jermaine Dupri. The song is also parodied by "Weird Al" Yankovic on his album Straight Outta Lynwood (2006) as "Confessions Part III", and features the singer confessing more minor or ridiculous actions, such as borrowing his partner's nose-hair trimmer or returning a gift from her for store credit.

Track listings
UK CD 1
 * 1) "Confessions Part II"
 * 2) "My Boo" (Duet with Alicia Keys)

UK CD 2
 * 1) "Confessions Part II"
 * 2) "My Boo" (Duet with Alicia Keys)
 * 3) "Confessions Part II" (Remix) (featuring Shyne, Kanye West & Twista)
 * 4) "Confessions Part II" (Music Video)

title: Confessions Part II


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/June 16, 2005


text: Wikipedia:POTD/June 16, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/June 16, 2005


text:
Talk:Pat Mills

Misty
Pat Mills also was editorially responsible for the creation of Misty (comics) - need to add this in at some point. I think this was before working on the launch of 2000AD but I'll confirm the details before adding it. Jenniscott (talk) 12:40, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I had a look through Thrill Power Overload and it says he successfully piloted Battle and Action to their launch but doesn't mention his input on Misty (although that doesn't mean he didn't). The only mention of Misty in the index is about Malcolm Shaw who did good work on Misty but he didn't live up to that when you came over to 2000 AD (although since he died of cancer soon after perhaps they hadn't given him a chance!!). (Emperor (talk) 13:55, 21 May 2008 (UTC))

 * Pat's said in his CAPTION2005 interview that he created Misty, and I think it was also covered in the Comics Britannia ep on Girls & boys' comics - but need to dig out my references first. Pat's spoken highly of Malcolm Shaw and thinks he's likely to be the writer of a number of the more mystical/hippy/green stories in Jinty, but that will be a lot harder to get to the bottom of if true... Jenniscott (talk) 17:05, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes attribution is a bugger for some of those titles although there have been efforts to pin things down in some areas (the one I know about is Starblazer where a lot of work has been done). (Emperor (talk) 18:15, 21 May 2008 (UTC))

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title: Talk:Pat Mills


text:
Al-Nagawri

Shahab al-Din ibn ‘Abd al-Karim Qivam al-Nagawri was a 14th-century Persian physician.

Shihab al-Din al-Nagawri composed several medical treatises, including a general handbook composed in 1392 and a short dictionary of drugs. His metrical Persian compendium on therapeutics was written in 1388 and was often known as "Shahab's Medicine" as well as the more formal title Shifa' al-maradh ("The Healing of Disease"). A considerable amount of autobiographical material is contained in this didactic poem, including that al-Nagawri made his living in trade rather than as a physician.

title: Al-Nagawri


text:
Category talk:American psychologists

"U.S." or "American"
Should this be United States psychologists? ~ Dpr 07:18, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Definition of psychologist
While the topic above seems to be controversial, I hope the issue of definition of psychologist will be less so. The American Psychological Association has addressed this issue. Without going into a discussion of whether we should follow the guidelines of an American organization (APA style and referencing are commonly adopted outside the U.S.), or whether the APA should change its name to the "U.S. Psychological Association," it's difficult to come up with a better reference point. APA policy on the use of the title psychologist is contained in the General Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services: "Psychologists have a doctoral degree in psychology from an organized, sequential program in a regionally accredited university or professional school" and suggests "refer[ence] to master's-level positions as counselors, specialists, clinicians, and so forth (rather than as 'psychologists')." (APA: About Us). - Do c  t  or  W  20:22, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

How can we add Billy E. Vaughn PhD? (see his wikipedia page) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jonas bohman (talk • contribs) 16:34, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

title: Category talk:American psychologists


text:
Malabar large-spotted civet

The Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina), also known as the Malabar civet, is a viverrid endemic to the Western Ghats of India. It is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List as the population is estimated to number fewer than 250 mature individuals. It has not been recorded during surveys carried out between 1990 and 2014. In the early 1990s, isolated populations still survived in less disturbed areas of South Malabar but were seriously threatened by habitat destruction and hunting outside protected areas.

It is known as Kannan chandu and Male meru in Kerala വെരുക് (veruk) in Malayalam, and in Karnataka as Mangala kutri, Bal kutri and Dodda punugina.

Taxonomy
Viverra civettina was the scientific name proposed by Edward Blyth in 1862 for a civet specimen from southern Malabar. Reginald Innes Pocock considered V. megaspila and V. civettina to be distinct species. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott considered V. civettina a subspecies of V. megaspila. IUCN Red List considers it a distinct species.

There is some controversy as to whether the Malabar civet is even native to the Western Ghats or whether it is a valid species. Background information for the specimens is scant, so there is little to no information on its ecology or habits. In spite of the heavy habitat destruction in the region, the civet still seems unusually threatened for a small, generalist carnivore. The region where the civet was known to occur is the site of a major trading port, formerly including the trade of civets such as the large-spotted civet. Due to this, there is some speculation on whether the Malabar civet is an introduced population of the large-spotted civet that eventually died off.

Characteristics
The Malabar large-spotted civet is dusky gray. It has a dark mark on the cheek, large transverse dark marks on the back and sides, and two obliquely transverse dark lines on the neck. These dark marks are more pronounced than in the large Indian civet. Its throat and neck are white. A mane starts between the shoulders. Its tail is ringed with dark bands. The feet are dark. It differs from the large-spotted civet by the greater nakedness of the soles of the feet. The hairs on the interdigital webs between the digital pads form submarginal patches; the skin of the plantar pad is naked in front and at the sides. There are remnants of the metatarsal pads on the hind foot as two naked spots, the external a little above the level of the hallux, the internal considerably higher. A male individual kept in the Zoological Gardens of Trivandrum in the 1930s measured 30 in in head and body with a 13 in long tail and weighed 14.5 lb.

Distribution and habitat
In the 19th century, the Malabar civet occurred throughout the Malabar coast from the latitude of Honnavar to Kanyakumari. It inhabited the forests and richly wooded lowland, and was occasionally found on elevated forest tracts. It was considered abundant in Travancore.

Until the 1960s, extensive deforestation has reduced most of the natural forests in the entire stretch of the coastal Western Ghats. By the late 1960s, the Malabar civet was thought to be near extinction. In 1987, one individual was sighted in Kerala.

In 1987, two skins were obtained near Nilambur in northern Kerala, an area that is dominated by cashew and rubber plantations. Two more skins were found in this area in 1990. These plantations probably held most of the surviving population, as these were little disturbed and provided a dense understorey of shrubs and grasses. Large-scale clearance for planting rubber trees threatened this habitat.

Interviews conducted in the early 1990s among local hunters indicated the presence of Malabar civet in protected areas of Karnataka. During camera trapping surveys in lowland evergreen and semi-evergreen forests in the Western Ghats of Karnataka and Kerala from April 2006 to March 2007, no photographic record was obtained in a total of 1,084 camera trap nights.

Ecology and behavior
The Malabar civet is considered nocturnal and so elusive that little is known about its biology and ecology apart from habitat use.

Threats
Until a few decades ago, local merchants in Kerala reared Malabar civets to obtain civetone, an extract from the scent gland, which was used in medicine, and as an aromatic.

It is now seriously threatened by habitat destruction and fragmentation. Until the 1990s, it was confined to remnant forests and disturbed thickets in cashew and rubber plantations in northern Kerala, where the hunting pressure was another major threat.

Alleged sighting
During the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown of India, a video clip of an unidentified civet walking the deserted streets of Meppayur was uploaded on Twitter. The civet was identified by its uploader as a Malabar civet and the clip subsequently went viral online. However, numerous experts identified the civet in the video as actually being the small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), a similar-looking but far more common species.

title: Malabar large-spotted civet


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zapunx

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 01:08, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Zapunx
An internet site founded in February with 120 hits a day. No Alexa rank, 7 inbound links according to Google, of which three are forum posts and two are link exchanges. One of millions. --Cryptic (talk) 07:19, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Unencyclopedic. --FCYTravis 07:34, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete website advertising. JamesBurns 11:00, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN, ad Lectonar 14:01, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

It may not be a megasite, but it is perhaps the only informative site for a thriving local culture. For that it deserves recognition.
 * Amusing how this anonymous user thought that, unlike this obscure website, his comment did not deserve recognition. jglc | t | c 20:08, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - My site gets more hits per day than this, and I don't get a wikipedia entry! humblefool® 03:27, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zapunx


text:
Najib ad-Din Samarqandi

Najib ad-Din Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Umar Samarqandi (نجيب الدين أبو حامد محمد بن علي بن عمر السمرقندي, ) was a 13th-century Persian physician from Samarqand.

Samarqandi died during the Mongol attack on Herat, in Afghanistan, in 1222CE. He was a prolific medical writer and expositor of medical ideas, though few details are known of his life.

His most famous book was The Book of Causes and Symptoms, a comprehensive manual of therapeutics and pathology. The treatises were widely read and often commentaries were written on them.

title: Najib ad-Din Samarqandi


text:
1929 in South Africa

The following lists events that happened during 1929 in South Africa.

Incumbents

 * Monarch: King George V.
 * Governor-General and High Commissioner for Southern Africa: The Earl of Athlone.
 * Prime Minister: James Barry Munnik Hertzog.
 * Chief Justice: William Henry Solomon then Jacob de Villiers.

Events

 * June
 * 14 – The National Party under J.B.M. Hertzog wins the South African general election with an outright majority for a second consecutive term.

 * July
 * 24 – Union Airways Pty. Ltd. is founded, to be nationalised as South African Airways on 1 February 1934.

 * August
 * 26 – Union Airways commences operations.

Births

 * 23 May – Joe Modise, anti-apartheid activist. (d. 2001)
 * 2 July – Daphne Hasenjäger, South African athlete.
 * 21 August – Ahmed Kathrada, anti-apartheid activist. (d. 2017)
 * 25 December – Arthur Goldreich, South African-Israeli abstract painter and anti-apartheid activist. (d. 2011)

Deaths

 * 20 March – Ferdinand Foch, the First World War commander-in-chief of the Allied forces in France after whom Fochville was named. (b. 1851)
 * 30 October – Sir Joseph Robinson, 1st Baronet, mining magnate and Randlord

Railway lines opened

 * 3 April – Cape – Hermon to Porterville, 36 mi.
 * 10 April – Cape – Ceres to Prince Alfred Hamlet, 6 mi.
 * 16 April – Free State – Wesselsbron to Bultfontein, 35 mi.
 * 31 July – Free State – Arlington to Lindley, 12 mi.
 * 12 August – Transvaal – Boshoek to Middelwit, 58 mi.
 * 31 August – Transvaal – Messina to Beitbridge, 10 mi.
 * 14 November – Transvaal – Derwent to Stoffberg, 37 mi.
 * 1 December – South West Africa – Seeis to Witvlei, 66 mi.

Locomotives
Six new steam locomotive types, four Cape gauge and one narrow gauge, enter service on the South African Railways (SAR):
 * Fourteen purpose-built Class S 0-8-0 shunting steam locomotives.
 * Thirty-six Class 19A 4-8-2 Mountain type steam locomotives.
 * Five Class GDA 2-6-2+2-6-2 Double Prairie type Garratt articulated branchline locomotives.
 * The first two of eight Class GL 4-8-2+2-8-4 Double Mountain type Garratt locomotives on the Durban-Cato Ridge section in Natal.
 * A single self-contained steam Clayton Railmotor for low-volume passenger service.
 * A single narrow gauge 0-6-0 tank locomotive, built to the same design as the German South West African Class Hc of 1907, on the Otavi Railway in South West Africa.

title: 1929 in South Africa


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pseudoreligion

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page, if it exists; or after the end of this archived section. The result of the debate was keep (without clear consensus) as rewritten. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 02:20, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Pseudoreligion
I request that this be removed from VfD, as the article is substantially changed from when it was proposed for deletion, including making it NPOV and wiki-linked from articles referencing the term --LeFlyman 05:22, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

original reseach; opinion; NPOV; not an accepted theological or philosophical term; delete article ThaddeusFrye 07:21, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * yeah it's an opinionated article, i've tried to take some of that out, but i would agree that it probably isn't an accepted term. go on then, delete JiMternet 14:48, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Note, I've rewritten the article, as it does appear to have some useful encyclopedic basis. A quick Google of "pseudoreligion" reveals 1400 English language links; while "Pseudo-religion" has 8,500 (or possibly 10,400) English links, including:
 * an essay assignment for a 2001 Philosophy course ("Epistemology and Methodology") which asks, "What is "pseudo" about pseudo-science or pseudo-religion?";
 * this exhibition at the Swiss Institute of Contemporary Art which notes, "Jim Shaw's recent work has focused on inventing a new, pseudo-religion, O-ism"
 * From Santa Clara University's Markkula Center for Applied Ethics: "The Role of Religion in Global Ethical Leadership": "Any attempt to remove religion completely from public moral life ends up fostering some fairly virulent and irrational varieties of pseudo-religion that sneak in by the back door." (Professor of Political Science, Eric Hanson)
 * So it looks like "pseudo-religion" is in semi-common usage in multiple fields. --LeFlyman 06:28, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * delete original research and opinion Ashibaka (tock) 14:54, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * DELETE UNLESS YOU REWRITE THIS TO SHOW THAT ISLAM IS THE ONLY PSEUDORELIGION.STORM LEGION666 15:51, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * New user. mikka (t) 16:24, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * STORM LEGION666 has cast votes much like this one in seven vfd's (and done nothing else). -- BD2412 talk 16:27, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * I have reported this user for Vandalism in progress. Please remove this paragraph when problem solved. -Snorre/Antwelm 16:36, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * delete original research. not clearly established term, although it has its merits, mikka (t) 16:24, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 *  Weak Keep With major re-write and redirect to Pseudo-religion. There is some literature that appears to support the existence of the topic-- such as this newly translated book on history of Theosophy--but not exclusively as "Judeo-Christian mythology." What is here does look like original research, rather than factual. I believe what the editor was intending to write about was Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha rather than pseudo-religion. Better subjects under this topic might be, for example, (as mentioned) Theosophy, The Church of the Subgenius, Scientology, Marxism and Objectivism as "religions" --LeFlyman 18:45, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * As per my prior suggestion, I've gone ahead and made the first stab at a rewrite, excising all of the non-NPOV original material. It can be retooled within that context. Better? --LeFlyman 03:04, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, original research, irredeemable POV. --Angr/undefined 22:00, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep iff we can make it and somehow keep it NPOV. --Idont Havaname 00:16, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research. JamesBurns 05:43, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep LeFlyman's rewrite, which is NPOV and possibly useful. Frjwoolley 14:17, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, WP:NOR. Radiant_ >|< 19:02, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be placed on a related article talk page, if one exists; in an undeletion request, if it does not; or below this section.


text:
USS Arethusa (AO-7)

USS Arethusa (AO-7) was a steamship that was built in England in 1893 as the civilian oil tanker Luciline. The United States Navy bought her in 1898, and later had her converted into a Fleet oiler. She was sold back into civilian ownership in 1927,and by 1928 she was a civilian hulk in Boston.

Building
Craig, Taylor & Company built Luciline in Stockton-on-Tees, County Durham, as yard number 33. She was launched on 4 March 1893 and completed that April. Her construction was a mixture of iron and steel. Her registered length was 332.0 ft, her beam was 42.4 ft and her depth was 18.8 ft. Her tonnages were and.

Luciline had a single screw, driven by a three-cylinder triple expansion engine that was built by J Dickinson & Sons of Sunderland and rated at 300 NHP.

Luciline's first owner was the Petroleum Shipping Company of London, who registered her in London and appointed A Stuart to manage her. Her UK official number was 101986 and her code letters were NBJV.

Spanish–American War
The US Navy bought Luciline on 12 August 1898 to support the Fleet in the Spanish–American War. She was commissioned as USS Arethusa at the Philadelphia Navy Yard.

After fitting out, the ship left Philadelphia on 16 December, headed for the West Indies, anchored off Havana on Christmas Day, and provided water for US warships operating in the area until leaving for home on 14 January 1899. She reached Philadelphia on the 18th and was decommissioned there on 1 February.

Recommissioned on 22 August 1900, she sailed for the Far East via the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean, and arrived on the Asiatic Station early in December of that year. She supplied water and supplies to US warships and, in 1901, she took relief supplies to Guam. In the first half of the following year, she made several trips to the Philippines taking passengers and supplies to Olongapo, Luzon. After one of these runs, she arrived at Manila on 4 July 1902 and prepared for the voyage home. Getting underway on 9 August, she retraced the same general route she had used in coming to the Orient and stopped at Singapore and Aden en route to the Suez Canal which she reached on 15 September. Departing Port Said, Egypt on the 17th, she emerged from the Strait of Gibraltar 10 days later and reached Tompkinsville, NY, on Columbus Day.

Some two months of operations preceded her arrival at Culebra, Puerto Rico on 14 December 1902. For most of the first half of 1903, Arethusa operated at San Juan and Ponce, before returning to Culebra on 14 June. She then began a long tour of duty as a "water boat" there which ended early in 1906 when she moored at Philadelphia to be placed out of service on 16 March.

Support ship for the Great White Fleet
The ship was given a civilian crew and, on 17 July, began providing water to ships of the Atlantic Fleet. On 29 November, she received a new naval complement and was recommissioned to serve with the small group of auxiliaries that had been selected to support the Great White Fleet in its forthcoming cruise around the world. After being fitted out at the Norfolk Navy Yard, the ship moved to Lambert's Point, Virginia on 9 December 1907 and, two days later, sailed for the Pacific.

Proceeding down the Atlantic coast of South America, she rounded Cape Horn and steamed north to the Mare Island Navy Yard which she reached on 30 April 1908. Following voyage repairs and replenishment, Arethusa left the California coast on 17 June and reached Honolulu on the 30th.

However, her service with the Great White Fleet did not take the ship beyond Hawaiian waters. Instead, she was reassigned to the Pacific Fleet, and on 30 July she got underway for San Francisco. She arrived at that port on 10 August, and remained in that vicinity until sailing on 1 October for Magdalena Bay, Mexico, where she anchored on the 6th and began supplying American warships there. In this period, she served briefly as the flagship of the Pacific Torpedo Flotilla. Her hold emptied, the ship got underway for San Francisco on 1 October, and – after reentering the Golden Gate – operated in nearby waters until decommissioned at Mare Island on 15 October 1909.

That same day, she was placed in service under a civilian crew and began preparations for a voyage back to the east coast. After departing San Francisco on 7 January 1910, she again sailed around South America and reached Hampton Roads on 29 March. Based at Norfolk, she bunkered the ships of the Atlantic Fleet, primarily torpedo boat destroyers. She continued this duty until after the United States entered World War I in 1917, filling her tanks with oil at ports along the Gulf coast and delivering it to bases in the Caribbean and on the Atlantic seaboard. In this phase of her career, she served with the fleet gathered off Veracruz, Mexico from 30 April – 7 June 1914.

World War I
By 1918 Arethusa was equipped for wireless telegraphy. Her call sign was NBU.

Recommissioned on 9 January 1918 for service in the Naval Overseas Transportation Service, Arethusa carried oil from the New York Navy Yard to the Azores where she issued it to destroyers and submarines. Upon returning to New York on 5 March, she spent more than a month undergoing repairs before sailing on 10 April.

On 15 April, Arethusa departed Bermuda for the Azores in a group that consisted of some 40 Allied ships led by the light cruiser USS Salem (CL-3). Shortly after leaving port, Arethusa collided with submarine HMS H-14, necessitating H-14's return to Bermuda. The fleet tug USS Conestoga (AT-54) towed H-14 back to Bermuda on 18 April.

Arethusa reached the Azores on the 27th and, but for a brief run to Bermuda and back in mid-May, operated there until returning to New York on 10 June. On 28 June, she began another mid-Atlantic deployment which took her twice to Bermuda and once to the Azores before she refilled her tanks at Port Arthur, Texas for another cargo of fuel oil which she once more issued in the Azores and at Bermuda before putting in at New York on 22 December, one month and 11 days after the signing of the Armistice stopped the fighting of World War I.

Postwar
At New York, she filled her cargo tanks before sailing on 3 January 1919 for France. After topping off the fuel tanks of destroyers and submarine chasers operating out of Marseille, she headed for the Portuguese coast on 13 March and reached Lisbon on the 16th. From that port, she headed home via Gibraltar, the Azores, and Bermuda, supplying oil to warships whose bunkers were low, and arrived at Charleston, South Carolina, on 14 May. The following day, she entered the navy yard there for a thorough overhaul.

In the ensuing three years of peacetime operations — primarily carrying oil from gulf ports to bases on the Atlantic seaboard — the ship was classified an oiler on 17 July 1920 and designated AO-7. She was decommissioned at Boston on 28 June 1922 and sold on 7 July 1927 to Mr Marshall B Hall of Boston, who had her converted into a hulk.

title: USS Arethusa (AO-7)


text:
Talk:Canuck

Joke Content
The content added 23:59, 9 February 2009 looks like it's pretty clearly a joke or hoax. I'm thinking particularly of "Bart Bandy's Lexicon of Canadian Etymology (Don Mills, Ont., C. Farquharson, 1994)". C. Farquharson - i.e. Charlie Farquharson - is a pseudonym of the well known Canadian comedian Don Harron. Bart Bandy is the most famous character of Canadian comic writer Donald Jack. Moreover, I can't find any record of any book called "Bart Bandy's Lexicon of Canadian Etymology" existing, apart from in Wikipedia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 156.34.32.79 (talk)

British-Canadian
"Can-UK "Canada/United Kingdom" (A person of British-Canadian descent)"
 * Is there any evidence for this claim? It sounds unlikely to me since the common use of the designation "UK" is relatively new. Canuck seems to date from the early 19th century. Prior to the last couple of decades, people most commonly used the "Great Britain" part of "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". I could be off base here, so I won't change it yet. I'm hoping that someone will provide evidence that this is not just just an imaginative modern construction. Ground Zero 07:25, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I googled "Canuck + etymology" and came up with nothing to support this claim. Here are a few links: Ground Zero 07:44, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Straight Dope
 * Random House dictionary
 * Moot Game
 * About words
 * I have removed this reference pending provision of evidence. If someone can find a reference, then we can add it back in. Ground Zero 16:09, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

French Canadian
'It sometimes means "French Canadian" in particular' -- I have never encountered the word used in this way. Has anyone else? Rrburke 01:53, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

I have never heard 'Canuck' used to describe French Canadians in particular either, and I'm Canadian. 05:04, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm French Canadian and I actually thought Canuck referred only to English Canadians... --24.200.133.131 22:16, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

I've removed that sentence. It's clearly false. I also seriously question whether it can be seen as derogatory. I suspect most Candians, were someone to try to insult them by calling them "Canucks", would either laugh or scratch their heads. --24.81.13.220 04:28, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Cleaned up and added the table of contents. Some entries were moved around. The entries for the Table of Contents are not the best but hope this is an improvement statsone 03:39, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Inuk and Chinook
I have serious doubts on the derivation from Can + Inuk. If the word is as old as the 18th century, contact with the Inuit, other than by whalers, was very minimal. Significant contact with Inuit culture was only in the late 19th and early 20th century. Inuktitut would have been almost unknown in New France or British North America. Unless someone can come up with evidence that the word "inuk" was known at the time sufficiently to expect it to be used to derive Canuck, I'd say the etymology is bogus. Michael Daly 05:49, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
 * There's a suggestion it's related to Chinook here: [] 82.28.33.86 (talk) 18:59, 2 August 2008 (UTC)

Hawaiian migrants theory
The Hawaiian migrants theory isn't represented on the page at all. From rootsweb:

"Many moons ago, in Canada's formative years when fur trading was all the rage, the fur trading companies searched for anybody they could hire who could wield a beaver trap. In the far west of Canada at that time, there weren't a lot of crowds. There were several Hawaiian islanders who came to the western shores of North America in search of, well, we don't know what -- but it sure as hell wasn't "nicer weather".

They worked out just fine. The Hawaiian word for "Hawaiian person" (or just a "person") is "KANAKA". Also, a "KANAKA HANA" is a worker. Still more, "KANAKA'E" is a foreigner. There's also a creek in Maple Ridge, a suburb of Vancouver, called "Kanaka Creek" though I'm not sure how that came about. Anyway, soon, the word KANAKA was used to describe these workers. Or in another version of history, all the people already living here were deemed by them to be "Kanakas", as in "foreigners".

As with all words, it soon become shortened and obliterated and KANAKA eventually became "Canuck", probably because some idiot who worked for the CBC said it wrong once (kidding)." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.105.132.193 (talk) 17:58, 28 October 2007
 * Rootsweb is not a reliable source, and folk history is not folk history. The story is without merit, and I'm from BC and have never heard it before (in fact, I come from about 6 miles from Kanaka Creek, and am familiar also with Kanaka Bar).  This ranks in the same conjectural silliness as the story about Haida and Kwakwaka'wakw actually being Polynesian (because Heyerdahl speculated on it, without any linguistic or historical basis for it, and people have treated it as fact, often vociferously).  I repeat, rootsweb is not a reliable source.Skookum1 (talk) 17:51, 2 August 2013 (UTC)

German theory
In German the word Kanake describes a foreign person. Now given that German Americans are a pretty large group, and the German language in the United States is widely spread at some parts of the US along the Canadian border (even more in the 19th century, see the map) and the first footnote references Speaking Canadian English quoting Walt Whitman: "Growing among black folks as among white, Kanuck, Tuckahoe, Congressman, Cuff, I give them the same, I receive them the same." and given that Whitman grew up in an environment where German would have been a wildly spread language, I think it is reasonable to assume, that Canuck may come from the German language term Kanake, that is also pronounced the same.

Tmw (talk) 15:37, 5 May 2017 (UTC)

Derogatory
There's still a reference to Canuck being used as an ethnic slur... I've never heard it used as one or considered it one... Any idea where this came from?142.59.135.116 07:03, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
 * My uncle told me of how Americans called the Canadians "Canucks" in WWII and it was considered an insult by the troops. Similarly, some Americans consider it an insult to be called a "Yank" (and not just southerners).  Michael Daly 05:29, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

From what I understand, "canuck" began as a derogatory term towards French-Canadians, which has since evolved into quite the opposite. It is now a slang term that refers to all Canadians, and not viewed as derogatory by Canadians, though some Americans do try to use it as an insult at times. EZC195 January 2008. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ezc 195 (talk • contribs) 04:53, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
 * So what was all the brouhaha over the Canuck Letter during the Muskie campaign? that suggested to me it was a slur, but then we have the Vancouver Canucks.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.29.79.250 (talk) 16:45, 16 June 2011 (UTC)

I live in New England, and when we use the word "canuck" it's always to describe specifically French-Canadians or Franco-Americans originally from Quebec and not Acadia.- 11:34, 16 January 2008  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.109.153.60 (talk)

"It is similar in use to "Yankee" for an American." This might've been true once, but the word fell into disuse, and its revival has had negative connotations to it worldwide. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.81.77.13 (talk) 21:27, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

The word didn't fall into disuse and it's not derogatory. I'm Canadian and it's used in a variety of contexts - The Vancouver Canucks (hockey team), Captain Canuck, it's affectionate or neutral. Not a slur. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.248.117.215 (talk) 12:00, 2 November 2015 (UTC)

I heard once that a newspaper editor in the US was fired for using the word "canuck" as it was considered to be a derogatory term. I asked a friend of mine from Texas whether he considers 'canuck' to be derogatory and he said people will use it as such. Hardly useful as a source for Wikipedia, but a good indication that someone needs to look at this more. Linguosyntactico (talk) 13:47, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

Canuck doesn't have derogatory connotations for most Canadians in Alberta from what I know. I've lived here 28 years and had never heard it applied negativly unless the person didn't like Canadians in general in which case "Canadian" could be derogatory the way they might say it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.150.45.231 (talk) 16:44, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

Interesting how the connotation seems highly regional. I grew up in Seattle and visited the Vancouver area regularly. For us, Canuck was used in an affectionately teasing sense, much as you might call a sibling by an embarrassing nickname. It meant any Canadian. I now live in Massachusetts and here, it feels less like teasing and more like a simple descriptive term for any (not necessarily French) Canadian. Similarly, I think most Americans wear the term Yankee proudly, but the baseball rivalry between Boston and New York has made Yankee a dirty word in much of New England. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.41.90.137 (talk) 11:25, 2 August 2013 (UTC)

And here we have a case of ignorant pollcorr Americans arguing amongst themselves about a people they know nothing about. No term refering ot Canadians in general is offensive. FFS There's a Hockey team called the Vancouver Canucks, not a local one either, they're NHL.Blind leading the blind, I swear.

What I think it comes from, but could be obviously wrong
So this American keeps calling me a canuck, and I wondered what it meant. Well it may sound dumb, but I thought about this myself. Doesn't make much sense why this word would be used, but it's amazing to me, think about duck. Most of us know of course what a duck is, and the French word for it is canard. Just makes me think of it as a portmanteau of canard and duck, it's in both official languages. But of course, the ones in the main article make much more sense. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.240.133.0 (talk) 06:04, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

--Just wanted to make sure I was spelling it right and came across this article. Seems a bit Canadian-centric in tone to me. Obviously a Canuck wrote most of this. It IS derogatory if you aren't in the group...such as "yankee" or "dixie" or "guido" or "hippie" etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wontonotnow (talk • contribs) 16:31, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Yeah, what's with that? A Canadian-centric article about the word 'Canuck'.  Otta be a law, or at least a wikirule.  Here is my theory, entirely without any evidentiary basis.

 * The first Europeans that would have had regular land-based contact with the French in Canada were the Dutch in New Amersterdam who had established a fur trading post at what is today Albany. There was a rivalry between the French and Dutch that was carried on by the English after New Amsterdam was captured by the English.

 * If the French in Canada were calling themselves “Canadiens” or “Canayens” in this time period (which I don’t know for certain); then it is possible that the Dutch would have had a pejorative name based on “Canada” or “Kanada”. “Kanuk” or “Kanuck” might have been.  I don’t know whether the Dutch ever coined words like that; but other pejoratives and slurs make use of similar endings.  The word sounds less French than Dutch, although I suppose “Canouque” might have been a French original.  Once the British took over New Amsterdam, they came into contact with the French and their allies, and they might have borrowed the Dutch pejorative for the foreign colonists to the north, just as they borrowed other Dutch words that have entered our vocabulary (cookie; stoop; Santa Claus; possibly Yankee).

 * The Kanaka thesis is untenable. The Kanakas were here in British Columbia before BC joined Confederation in 1871.  British Columbia was in no way synonymous with Canada before that time, so there would have been no sensible reason to call Hawaiians living on Vancouver Island ‘Canucks’ and then have that name travel all the way back east (via Cape Horn?) to become applicable to English/French folk living in the St. Lawrence Valley or along the Great Lakes.  Kanakas were Kanakas.  There's a coincidence in the sound, but it's too far-fetched to be more than coincidence. Corlyon (talk) 23:37, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

Quelle canule
This article proposes a theory that Americans picked up the common phrase "Quelle canule", but it never explains what Quelle canule means, or why it would be a common phrase. 76.21.120.118 (talk) 19:07, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Addition : I am French (from France), and have absolutely never heard the so-called "common french expression" "quelle canule", nor am able to guess what it could mean. A "canule" in french is "a small flexible tube inserted into a body cavity for draining off fluid or introducing medication" (definition of the english equivalent "cannula" on WordReference.com (http://www.wordreference.com/definition/cannula), and I can't see any relation to the context. Melttogether (talk) 13:02, 29 June 2010 (UTC)
 * "Quelle canule" supposedly translated (in the American Revolution era) to "What a bore!" according to this collection of possible origins, (as collated by Bill Milner the first secretary to the Canadian High Commissioners to Australia (according to his email sig)), might be the origin of those paragraphs in our article. Just noting, no opinion. -- Quiddity (talk) 20:43, 29 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I am French also, and I either don't know what means "Quelle canule" but it might be in fact "Quelle canicule" which means "What a hot weather", which might have been a joke on the bad weather in Canada. JPLeRouzic (talk) 18:27, 24 November 2012 (UTC)

Canadien Chinook

 * Comments moved here from article.

All of the below seem very far fetched. Isn't it more likely it was derived from 'Canadien' and 'Chinook', the Indians who populated much of what is now known as Canada? Canadien-Chinook could easily become 'Canook', or it could have originated as a derragatory (considering how natives were looked down on at the time) slang word equating the French and British living in Canada with the native Chinook 'savages'.

If it's origin were slang, it wouldn't make it into the written language for some time, explaining it's transformation to 'Canuck'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.52.218.8 (talk) 00:16, 8 October 2010 (UTC)

Chinook is a western Canadian word and term, and Canuck I'm quite certain originated in Ontario and Quebec. At that time western lingo would not have been known or influenced things in the east. Also "Canada" as a term, concept, etc. didn't apply to the west until significantly later ( we were separate colonies) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.183.57.148 (talk) 20:07, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

And, for the record, Chinook are not "the Indians who populated much of what is now known as Canada." Diverse group of people, lots of different groups. Wikipedia only shows people by this name as existing in the US Pacific Northwest, it seems logical that they may have been along the Columbia in BC as well, or possibly in southern Alberta, but I'm not aware of any group existing by this name now (the jargon, the fish, the wind currents, are exist in current usage). In any case, definitely NOT a national group, and with no proximity to the "Canadiens" at that point in time. That the words for French Canadien (initially Canadien referred to Quebeccers specifically) and western indigenous would come together to become slang for the whole country seems exceedingly unlikely. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.183.57.148 (talk) 20:11, 16 July 2011 (UTC)
 * The Chinook ("Tshinuk", not "Shinook" as in Alberta) lived only along the lower reaches of the Columbia in Oregon and Washington. There are no Chinook in Canada.  There were Hawaiians who married natives at Fort Vancouver; some may have been among the HBC staff who moved to Fort Langley in the 1820s, along with those who were Metis or other franco-canadiens (as Iroquoians often were, and they were HBC staff as well).  As with the Kanaka/Canuck theory commented on below, this "Chinook=Canuck" thing is not born out by any evidence whatsoever, even less so than the many gaffes in the Kanaka/Canuck theory....(see below).

The German theory
In German, the letter g has a k sound especially at the end of a word. At the beginning of a word, it sounds more like the g in game. It never has a j sound. The letter e has more of an a sound. The word genug sounds like ganuk. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.179.84.92 (talk) 11:24, 2 May 2011 (UTC)

Quenoc
Content added to the article by 162.136.192.1, and moved here by me, as unsourced and un-googlable (and the lead should summarize the article, not contain unique info). —Quiddity (talk) 22:58, 20 November 2012 (UTC) "The Term has been used among many French-Canadian Americans -- sometimes as a derogatory term, sometimes as a term like 'my countryman'. It was spelled to those as 'Quenoc', because it was used to refer to those who came from Quebec province down into New England and New York. It was also implied that it was reference to a mixed breeding, like the Creoles and Cajuns in Louisiana. So if people called you a 'Quenoc' in a non-friendly manner it took on the meaning that your family had interbreeding with the native population. The 'Canuck' term was derived from the English way of spelling the same word. And yes, both are slangs."

Kanaka theory is wildly fringe
The first provenance of this term is 1835, and indications in other section are that it dates from the 18th Century. Kanakas and French did intermingle in BC during fur trade days; many Metis families have both parentages/ancestries.....but the term was long established long before the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush in other parts of Canada. The cite is fringe, IMO, speaking as someone widely and deeply read in British Columbia history. Spurious; I've taken out the false claim, apparently in the cite, that it dates from the Klondike Gold Rush, which began in 1898, LONG after the term was already in wide use. Doesn't matter what such a source says, sources can be wrong; this one definitely is.Skookum1 (talk) 07:51, 16 June 2013 (UTC)

chanoeka
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanoeka is the VLamisch/dutch name for https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanukkah are the 'dutch/francs' people jews people, or connected? Are they 'people of the candle' ?? just a thoughed 85.149.83.125 (talk) 17:38, 12 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canuck


text:
Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi

Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi (, died 1330) was a Persian physician from Shiraz in Persia.

His major composition was a large Arabic medical compendium, Kitab al-Hawi fi ‘ilm al-tadawi (The Comprehensive Book on the Art of Curing), whose title often caused confusion with the better-known Kitab al-Hawi (The Comprehensive Book) written four centuries earlier by Rhazes. The treatise cites by name many earlier medical authorities, including Hippocrates and Galen, as well as Arabic writers. Little else is known of his life.

title: Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi


text:
Spotted linsang

The spotted linsang (Prionodon pardicolor) is a linsang, a tree-dwelling carnivorous mammal, native to much of Southeast Asia. It is widely, though usually sparsely, recorded, and listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.

Characteristics
The spotted linsang resembles the banded linsang in its long, slender body, short limbs, elongated neck and head, and long tail. The ground colour ranges from dusky brown to light buff. Two long stripes extend from behind the ears to the shoulders or beyond, and two shorter stripes run along the neck. Three to four longitudinal rows of spots adorn the back, their size decreasing towards the belly. The fore legs are spotted to the paw, the hind legs to the hock. The cylindrical tail has eight or nine broad dark rings, separated by narrow white rings. The feet have five digits, and the area between the pads is covered with hair. The claws are retractile, claw sheaths are present on the fore paws, but the hind-paws have protective lobes of skin. It weighs about 1 lb and measures in length about 14 - 15 in with a 12 - 13 in long tail. Its height is about 5 - 5.5 in, the girth of its chest 5.75 in, and length of head to the occiput about 3 in.

Distribution and habitat
The range of the spotted linsang includes eastern Nepal, Sikkim, Assam and Bengal in India, Bhutan, northeastern Myanmar, northern Thailand, Laos, northern Vietnam, and western Sichuan, Yunnan Guizhou and southwestern Guangxi in southern China. It is uncommon to rare throughout this range. It is rarely observed in northern Bengal. It primarily inhabits evergreen forests and shrubland. A large portion of this habitat is not protected, and this may cause the spotted linsang to be threatened with extinction due to habitat loss. In Nam Et-Phou Louey National Biodiversity Conservation Area, it was observed in secondary vegetation dominated by banana stands in 2017.

Ecology and behaviour
The spotted linsang is nocturnal, solitary, and at least partly arboreal. It uses hollows in trees as resting and denning sites. It hunts on the ground and in trees and feeds on rodents, frogs and snakes. It has also been observed feeding on carcass.

Taxonomy
The Asiatic linsangs (Prionodon) are not, as was traditionally thought, members of the Viverridae (which does include the African linsangs), and may instead be the closest living relatives of the family Felidae. They have been placed in their own family, the Prionodontidae. In 2004, Cytochrome b gene sequencing data changed the opinion of having Prionodon within the Viverrinae subfamily. Genetic data indicate that the similarities between Asiatic and African linsangs are due to convergence.

title: Spotted linsang