text:
Talk:General covariance

No such thing as Principle of GR
The article is misleading and wrong, because there is no such thing as a Principle of General Relativity because the laws of physics are simply not the same for accelerating frames where fictitious forces must be introduced. The article must be rewritten to explain this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 47.201.179.7 (talk) 05:41, 15 January 2017 (UTC)

I will  add  this  to  the  Remarks  section:

General Relativity is actually only a theory of gravitation, and is not in any sense a general theory of relativity(G. H. Keswani, Br. J. Philos. Sci. 16, 276 (1966)). There exists nowhere in nature a principle of general relativity; the laws of physics are simply not the same for observers in acceleration where fictitious forces must be introduced. The term Covariance in general relativity refers only to a mathematical formalism, and is  not  used  in the  same sense  as  the term in  special  relativity. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 47.201.179.7 (talk) 14:52, 15 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Actually, according to the general principle of relativity, if a physical observer is forcibly accelerated or rotates, and experiences apparent gravitational field effects ("fictitious forces"), by then applying the general principle, background inertial observers are supposed to see corresponding field distortion effects due to the noninertial behaviour of the first observer's mass relative to background (Einstein 1921).
 * In other words, we start a chain of argument by introducing fictitious forces, but then we iterate that argument using the general principle, and use the GPoR to modify the initially-defined geometry, and by the end, the fictitious forces are no longer fictitious - they are associated with real intrinsic distortions of the spacetime metric, that exist for all observers.

 * So ... If we rotate, we experience an apparent field. In the first stage of the argument, this field is not yet a "true" field, because it can be removed by switching back to an inertial coordinate system. But this is not yet correct general relativity! Applying the GPoR then requires our colleague who sees us rotating, to also see the relative rotation of our mass to be associated with a twist in spacetime, with the twist existing in all frames. As a sanity-check, think: suppose that the field experienced by a rotating body really was fictitious: if we moved back to an inertial frame, the field would disappear, and there would be no physical rotating dragging effects around rotating bodies. But Gravity Probe B showed that the rotational dragging effect of the Earth was physically real, so ... NOT fictitious. GP-B is evidence that the general principle of relativity really does seem to be supported by Nature.

 * Unfortunately, Einstein's general theory is a logically incoherent mess, and doesn't work consistently as geometry. It has some great ingredients, but Einstein's attempted geometrical implementation of the GPoR was junk. This is why, when textbook authors try to "explain" the theory and try to make sense of the mess, different authors will seize on different aspects of the theory and end up producing "provably correct" interpretations that somehow manage to conflict. It's because Einstein accidentally constructed a pathological system. ErkDemon (talk) 04:27, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * ... This makes writing wiki pages about Einstein's general theory a bit challenging: if the page genuinely reflects the theory, it will be contradictory and incoherent, and people will blame the authors ... but if the page's arguments are thorough and consistent and make sense, they will not be a correct representation of the theory. :) ErkDemon (talk) 04:27, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

Vehement original-research template
There is currently a template at the top of the page with somewhat harsh language. Is this acceptable? I am tempted to remove it, but its message may be valid even though the language used to express it is probably not, and its issues have not yet been resolved. What, if anything, should we do?—Anita5192 (talk) 01:34, 11 September 2021 (UTC)

 * —This was removed, 10:39 12 September 2021, but the editor who removed it did not post anything about it here.—Anita5192 (talk) 02:13, 20 April 2023 (UTC)

Shouldn't "general covariance" be clearly defined in this article?
I feel this article is currently rather vague and not that useful for anyone who wants to know what terms such as "general covariance", "general invariance" and "diffeomorphism invariance" actually mean. There is a good reason for this since different sources (e.g. popular text books) define these terms differently. However, the current article does not address this. I feel unsure that one meaning of "general covariance" is being discussed or whether several different notions are being referred too in this article without disentangling them.

The problems of the article start with the first sentence that states that "In theoretical physics, general covariance, also known as diffeomorphism covariance or general invariance, consists of the invariance of the form of physical laws under arbitrary differentiable coordinate transformations." The first issue is that this implies that "general covariance", "diffeomorphism covariance" and "general invariance" all mean refer to the same notion. The second issue is that "the invariance of the form of physical laws under..." does not have a clear meaning (at least for me). I'm not sure when a physical law is supposed to have the same form as supposed to being the same. In general relativity the physical laws are the same in all coordinate systems. By this I mean that the Einstein equations as a set of differential equations for the metric are not changed in anyway if I go from one coordinate system to another. I'm happy if this is what is meant by the same form, however, I'm aware that "general covariance" can refer to merely writing an equation in terms of covariant derivatives such that as expressed with covariant derivatives it has the same form in all coordinate systems (Sean Carrol defines in this way in his book on GR). For example if I write Maxwell's equations down in special relativity (i.e. in the absence of gravity) I could express them using covariant derivatives so that they have the same form in all coordinate systems expressed. These means the same in terms differential equations that involve both the electromagnetic field tensor and the metric tensor. However, Maxwell's equations are a set of physical laws that govern the electric and magnetic fields but not physical laws for the metric tensor. To find the components of the electric and magnetic fields we have to specify the coordinates to determine which form the metric takes.

To put it differently suppose I want to know whether some electric fields E_i(x) and magnetic fields B_i(x) are solutions to the Maxwell's theory (let's say in vacuum). To answer that I have to put them into the Maxwell equations to see if they are a solution but if I have written out the equations in a form that is independent of the coordinates this means the equations depend also on the metric. So to answer the question I have to specify the metric too which is the same as saying which coordinate system I'm using. In general relativity I can ask if a metric obeys Einstein's law of gravity but there I just put the metric in the Einstein equations without referring to any coordinate system.

To make Maxwell's theory in the absence of gravity also have the property that we make no reference to coordinates one can state a "law of physics" that the Riemann tensor vanishes everywhere. Then one has the Maxwell equations plus equations that that determine the metric which are then laws which are invariant under changes of coordinates. This could also be what is meant by the "invariance of the form of physical laws". But aren't such laws actually independent of coordinate systems rather than simply of the same form when expressed in a coordinate language?

I would propose to give clear definitions of general covariance and related concepts contrasting different definitions to give the reader a clear picture. I would recommend that the paper "Coordinates, observables and symmetry in relativity" https://arxiv.org/abs/0711.2651 by Hans Westman and Sebastiano Sonego as the clearest paper on this subject. The paper by Norton that is cited is also good and covers many of the same points. However, the paper Westman and Sonego is much clearer in my opinion. Finbar1984 (talk) 03:20, 17 April 2023 (UTC)

 * It seems to me that this article should not be treated as a physics article but as a history of physics article. At this point I don’t think anyone seriously considers “general covariance” a useful tool for thinking about physics, and in fact the phrase “diffeomorphism covariance” seems like it could be easily confused with the very real concept of “diffeomorphism invariance” in general relativity.  This distinction is the heart of what the MTW quote is trying to say and it should be the content of this article in my opinion, potentially noting Einstein’a original interpretation and how modern sources view it as irrelevant. INLegred (talk) 04:05, 19 October 2023 (UTC)

Einstein's general theory already doesn't work, before we even get to covariance
The difficulty in comparing the general principle of covariance with the geometry of Einstein's general theory and its modern textbook updates is that one has to presuppose that there actually is "a geometry" and a set of geometrical rules corresponding to the theory, that the covariance principle can be compared against.

And there isn't.

Einstein's system is geometrically incoherent.

 * On the one hand, the requirement for supporting gravitomagnetism and a dynamic spacetime geometry means that the case of two stars moving in straightish lines at constantish relative velocities must be a curved-spacetime problem. The region must contain gravitational and gravitomagnetic curvatures that tell us the location and mass of the stars and their relative states of motion. The metric must be dynamic, and interactive, with no prior geometry.
 * On the other hand, the requirement that the system supports the SR equations of motion lets us prove geometrically that the region is flat as a function of the stars' relative velocity, and contains no gravitomagnetic fields whatsoever. SR-compliance requires a fixed prior Minkowski geometry that dictates rules to the stars without any geometrical back-reaction.

Einstein's 1916 theory is invalid as a geometrical theory of physics because it tries to support two incompatible geometries, at the same time, for the same situation. It allows us to make two incompatible predictions for the same outcome.

 * If we follow Einstein and modern textbooks, and give special relativity priority over the GPoR, then there is no such thing as gravitomagnetism, and no such thing as a general principle of relativity, or a general theory of relativity.
 * On the other hand, if we decide that we want a general theory of relativity, and agree with the Gravity Probe B frame-dragging result, we have to reject special relativity's Minkowski metric as being too naive to be physics.

Anyone who has failed to notice that the 1916 theory is essentially a fake -- it presents itself as a geometrical solution, and it isn't -- shouldn't even attempt to tackle the more subtle problem of covariance. ErkDemon (talk) 14:07, 7 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:General covariance


text:
Telegraphic speech

Telegraphic speech, according to linguistics and psychology, is speech during the two-word stage of language acquisition in children, which is laconic and efficient.

Background
The name derives from the fact that someone sending a telegram was generally charged by the word. To save money, people typically wrote their telegrams in a very compressed style, without conjunctions or articles.

Term in anthropology and developmental psychology
As children develop language, they speak similarly: when a child says "Daddy here", it is understood that the child means "Daddy is here", omitting the copula. The words dropped in this style of speech are closed class or function words.

In the field of psychology, telegraphic speech is defined as a form of communication consisting of simple two-word long sentences often composed of a noun and a verb that adhere to the grammatical standards of the culture's language. For example, an English-speaking child would say "Give cupcake" to express that they would like a cupcake rather than "Cupcake give", as a Turkish- or Japanese-speaking child would.

Researchers have noted that this period of language acquisition occurs some time between the ages of 18 and 36 months and is present not just in English-speaking cultures, but can be found worldwide.

Clinical term
In adults, regression to telegraphic speech may indicate a neurological problem such as multiple sclerosis. Telegraphic speech is also common in non-fluent aphasia (Broca's aphasia), which is caused by a stroke damaging the posterior-inferior frontal lobe.

It is also a potential symptom of schizophrenia, as a manifestation of manneristic speech.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Telegraphic speech


text:
Windows Live OneCare

Windows Live OneCare (previously Windows OneCare Live, codenamed A1) was a computer security and performance enhancement service developed by Microsoft for Windows. A core technology of OneCare was the multi-platform RAV (Reliable Anti-virus), which Microsoft purchased from GeCAD Software Srl in 2003, but subsequently discontinued. The software was available as an annual paid subscription, which could be used on up to three computers.

On 18 November 2008, Microsoft announced that Windows Live OneCare would be discontinued on 30 June 2009 and will instead be offering users a new free anti-malware suite called Microsoft Security Essentials to be available before then. However, virus definitions and support for OneCare would continue until a subscription expires. In the end-of-life announcement, Microsoft noted that Windows Live OneCare would not be upgraded to work with Windows 7 and would also not work in Windows XP Mode.

History
Windows Live OneCare entered a beta state in the summer of 2005. The managed beta program was launched before the public beta, and was located on BetaPlace, Microsoft's former beta delivery system. On 31 May 2006, Windows Live OneCare made its official debut in retail stores in the United States.

The beta version of Windows Live OneCare 1.5 was released in early October 2006 by Microsoft. Version 1.5 was released to manufacturing on 3 January 2007 and was made available to the public on 30 January 2007. On 4 July 2007, beta testing started for version 2.0, and the final version was released on 16 November 2007.

Microsoft acquired Komoku on 20 March 2008 and merged its computer security software into Windows Live OneCare.

Windows Live OneCare 2.5 (build 2.5.2900.28) final was released on 3 July 2008. On the same day, Microsoft also released Windows Live OneCare for Server 2.5.

Features
Windows Live OneCare features integrated anti-virus, personal firewall, and backup utilities, and a tune-up utility with the integrated functionality of Windows Defender for malware protection. A future addition of a registry cleaner was considered but not added because "there are not significant customer advantages to this functionality". Version 2 added features such as multi-PC and home network management, printer sharing support, start-time optimizer, proactive fixes and recommendations, monthly reports, centralized backup, and online photo backup.

Windows Live OneCare is built for ease-of-use and is designed for home users. OneCare also attempts a very minimal interface to lessen user confusion and resource use. It adds an icon to the notification area that tells the user at a glance the status of the system's health by using three alert colors: green (good), yellow (fair), and red (at risk).

Compatibility
Version 1.5 of OneCare is only compatible with the 32 bit versions of Windows XP and Windows Vista. Version 2 of OneCare supports 64 bit compatibility to Vista. In version 2.5, Microsoft released Windows Live OneCare for Server which supports Windows Server 2008 Standard 64-bit and Windows Small Business Server 2008 Standard and Premium editions. No edition of OneCare operates in safe mode. Windows Live OneCare does not support Windows 7 or later as its development was discontinued and was replaced by Microsoft Security Essentials.

Activation
Windows Live OneCare required users to activate the product if they wish to continue using it after the free trial period (90 days) through a valid Windows Live ID. When the product is activated, the grey message bar at the top of the program disappears. The subscription remains active for 1 year from the date of activation. Windows Live OneCare did not require the operating system to be checked with Windows Genuine Advantage.

Protection
Windows Live OneCare Protection Plus was the security component in the OneCare suite. It consists of three parts:
 * A personal firewall capable of monitoring and blocking both incoming and outgoing traffic (The built-in Windows Firewall in Windows XP only monitors and blocks incoming traffic)
 * An anti-virus tool that uses regularly updated anti-virus definition files to protect against malicious software
 * An anti-spyware tool that uses the Windows Defender engine as a core to protect against potentially unwanted software (In version 1.0, this required the separate installation of Windows Defender and was not integrated into the OneCare interface, although it could be managed and launched from OneCare. Version 1.5 integrated the Windows Defender engine into OneCare and no longer requires separate installation.)

Windows Live OneCare 1.5 onwards also monitored Internet Explorer 7 and 8 security settings and ensures that the automatic website checking feature of the Phishing Filter is enabled.

Performance

Windows Live OneCare Performance Plus is the component that performs monthly PC tune-up related tasks, such as:
 * Disk cleanup and defragmentation.
 * A full virus scan using the anti-virus component in the suite.
 * User notification if files are in need of backing up.
 * Check for Windows updates by using the Microsoft Update service.

Backup
Windows Live OneCare Backup and Restore is the component that aids in backing up important files. Files can be backed up to various recordable media, such as external hard disks, CDs, and DVDs. When restoring files, the entirety or a subset of them can also be restored to a networked computer, as long as it's running OneCare as well. The Backup and Restore component supports backup software features such as incremental backups and scheduling.

Criticism
Windows Live OneCare has been criticized from both users and competing security software companies.

Microsoft's acquisition of GeCAD RAV, a core technology of OneCare, and their subsequent discontinuation of that product, deprived the Linux platform (and others) of one of its leading virus scanning tools for e-mail servers, bringing Microsoft's ultimate intentions into question.

On 26 January 2006, Windows Live OneCare was criticized by Foundstone (a division of the competing McAfee anti-virus) for the integrated firewall having default white lists which allow Java applications and digitally signed software to bypass user warnings, since neither of those applications carry assurances that they will not have security flaws or be written with a malicious intent. Microsoft has since responded to the criticism, justifying their decision in that Java applications are "widely used by third party applications, and is a popular and trusted program among our users", and that "it is highly unusual for malware to be signed."

Windows Live OneCare has also been criticized for the lack of adherence to industry firewall standards concerning intrusion detection. Tests conducted by Agnitum (the developers of Outpost Firewall) have shown OneCare failing to detect trojans and malware which hijack applications already resident on an infected machine.

In February 2007, the first Windows Vista anti-virus product testing by Virus Bulletin magazine (a sister company of Sophos, the developers of Sophos Anti-Virus) found that Windows Live OneCare failed to detect 18.6% of viruses. Fifteen anti-virus products were tested. To pass the Virus Bulletin 's VB100 test, an anti-virus product has to detect 100% of the viruses.

AV-Comparatives also released results that placed Windows Live OneCare last in its testing of seventeen anti-virus products. In response, Jimmy Kuo of the Microsoft Security Research and Response (MSRR) team pledged to add "truly important" ("actively being spread") malware as soon as possible, while "[test detection] numbers will get better and better" for other malware "until they are on par with the other majors in this arena." He also expressed confidence in these improvements: "Soon after, [other majors] will need to catch up to us!"

As of April 2008, Windows Live OneCare has passed the VB100 test under Windows Vista SP1 Business Edition. As of August 2008, Windows Live OneCare placed 14th out of 16 anti-virus products in on-demand virus detection rates. On the other hand, as of May 2009, Windows Live OneCare placed 2nd in a proactive/retrospective performance test conducted by AV-Comparatives. AV-Comparatives.org, the test issuer, denotes that it had "very few false alarms, which is a very good achievement." The publisher also points out that false positives can cause as much harm as genuine infections, and furthermore, anti-virus scanners prone to false alarms essentially achieve higher detection scores.

Community Revival
After Windows Live OneCare was discontinued, end-users of the product could no longer install Windows Live OneCare due to the installer checking Microsoft OneCare's site for updates. This resulted in the installation giving an error message 'Network problems are preventing Windows Live OneCare Installation from continuing at this time'.

A user named 'Cobs Server Closet' successfully recreated a functioning version of the installer, allowing end-users owning existing installation media to reinstall the software. This project is named 'OneCare Rewritten'. While the OneCare Rewritten software did allow successful installation of OneCare, many of the notable features such as OneCare Circles and built-in Backup feature remain non-functional as a result of being dependent on Microsoft Windows Live OneCare servers.

title: Windows Live OneCare


text:
Brisbane Trades Hall

The Brisbane Trades Hall is a former Trades Hall building in Edward Street, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

First trades hall
The foundation stone of the original trades hall in Turbot Street, Brisbane, was laid on 4 April 1891 by Sir Charles Lilley. There was a procession of unionists from Ann Street, along Queen Street and then up Edward Street to the building site. However, by the 1920s, a larger building was needed as the labour movement had succeeding in unionising about two-thirds of the workforce.

Following on from the extension of the railway line and tunnel underway from Roma Street in 1889 to Central Station, concern with the weight of the first Trades Hall over the tunnel resulted in land resumption, with a new site selected at Upper Edward Street.

Second trades hall
The foundation stone of the second trades hall was laid on 1 May 1920 by the Queensland Lieutenant-Governor William Lennon. The site was on Turbot Street looking down Edward Street, adjacent to Jacob's Ladder.

The building was used by the Queensland trade union movement for meetings, offices, social and educational events, and is the location of the Trades and Labour Council, now known as the Queensland Council of Unions. In the late 1960s, part of the building housed the FOCO club and bookshop, where the group Society for Democratic Action (SDA) met.

In 1984 the Trades and Labour Council, as the board of management, sold the property and moved to a new property at Peel Street, South Brisbane. As the original property was granted for the specific purpose of being used as a Trades Hall, the Brisbane Trades Hall Management Act 1984 was required to be passed authorising the transaction, with planning controls on the use of the original historic building.

The building was subsequently demolished and the site is now occupied by the high-rise IBM building.

title: Brisbane Trades Hall


text:
List of high schools in Vermont

This is a list of high schools in the state of Vermont.

Addison County

 * Middlebury Union High School, Middlebury
 * Mount Abraham Union High School, Bristol
 * Vergennes Union High School, Vergennes

Bennington County

 * Arlington Memorial School, Arlington
 * Burr and Burton Academy, Manchester (private)
 * Long Trail School, Dorset
 * Mount Anthony Union High School, Bennington

Caledonia County

 * Burke Mountain Academy, East Burke
 * Danville School, Danville
 * Hazen Union High School, Hardwick
 * Lyndon Institute, Lyndon Center
 * St. Johnsbury Academy, St. Johnsbury

Chittenden County

 * Burlington High School, Burlington
 * Champlain Valley Union High School, Hinesburg
 * Colchester High School, Colchester
 * Essex High School, Essex Junction
 * Lake Champlain Waldorf High School, Shelburne
 * Milton Senior High School, Milton
 * Mount Mansfield Union High School, Jericho
 * Rice Memorial High School, South Burlington
 * Rock Point School, Burlington
 * South Burlington High School, South Burlington
 * Trinity Baptist High School, Williston
 * Vermont Commons School, South Burlington
 * Winooski High School, Winooski

Essex County

 * Canaan Memorial High School, Canaan

Franklin County

 * Bellows Free Academy, Fairfax
 * Bellows Free Academy, St. Albans
 * Enosburg Falls Middle/High School, Enosburg Falls
 * Missisquoi Valley Union Middle/High School, Swanton
 * Richford Junior/Senior High School, Richford

Lamoille County

 * Lamoille Union High School, Hyde Park
 * Mount Mansfield Ski Club & Academy, Stowe
 * Peoples Academy, Morrisville
 * Stowe High School, Stowe

Orange County

 * Blue Mountain Union School, Wells River
 * The Mountain School, Vershire
 * Oxbow Union High School, Bradford
 * Randolph Union High School, Randolph
 * Thetford Academy, Thetford
 * Websterville Christian Academy, Websterville
 * Williamstown High School, Williamstown
 * Vermont Academy of Science and Technology, Randolph

Orleans County

 * Craftsbury Academy, Craftsbury
 * Lake Region Union High School, Orleans
 * North Country Union High School, Newport
 * United Christian Academy, Newport

Rutland County

 * Fair Haven Union High School, Fair Haven
 * Killington Mountain School, Killington
 * Mill River Union High School, North Clarendon
 * Mount St. Joseph Academy, Rutland
 * Otter Valley Union High School, Brandon
 * Poultney High School, Poultney
 * Proctor Junior/Senior High School, Proctor
 * Rutland Area Christian School, Rutland
 * Rutland High School, Rutland
 * Stafford Technical Center, Rutland
 * West Rutland School, West Rutland

Washington County

 * Cabot School, Cabot
 * Green Mountain Valley School, Fayston
 * Harwood Union High School, Duxbury
 * Montpelier High School, Montpelier
 * Northfield High School, Northfield
 * Pacem School Montpelier
 * Spaulding High School, Barre
 * Twinfield Union School, Plainfield
 * Union 32 High School, East Montpelier

Windham County

 * Bellows Falls Union High School, Bellows Falls
 * Brattleboro Union High School, Brattleboro
 * The Compass School, Westminster
 * The Greenwood School, Putney
 * Leland & Gray Union High School, Townshend
 * Oak Meadow School, Brattleboro
 * The Putney School, Putney
 * Stratton Mountain School, Stratton Mountain
 * Twin Valley High School, Wilmington
 * Vermont Academy, Saxtons River

Windsor County

 * Green Mountain Union High School, Chester
 * Hartford High School, White River Junction
 * Mid Vermont Christian School, Quechee
 * Okemo Mountain School, Ludlow
 * River Valley Technical Center, Springfield
 * The Sharon Academy, Sharon
 * Springfield High School, Springfield
 * White River Valley High School, South Royalton
 * Windsor High School, Windsor
 * Woodstock Union High School, Woodstock

title: List of high schools in Vermont


title: User:SNIyer12


text:
Talk:Oblasts of Russia

Opening heading
It would nice for this to be expanded with a history section. I'm not familiar with this topic though. Could anyone do this? Falphin 03:19, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, there is an article on history of the administrative division of Russia. While right now it only covers a portion of the 18th century, I do intend to add more.  History of oblasts will be there eventually (I have most of the information, but it needs to be summarized, structured, and cross-verified, which is very time-consuming).  Let me know on my talk page if you have any specific questions; I'll be glad to help.—Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis) 12:18, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

oblast = region?
I'm seeing several Russian websites translate oblast to read 'region'. A lot of articles on wiki will replace the word, rather, with "province". What is correct?--Lvivske (talk) 19:18, 4 June 2009 (UTC)
 * They are both correct. While "oblast" is an English loanword, it is still an obscure one, so in translation it is often approximated with words like "region", "province", or similar.  However, "oblast" is the only term that conveys the meaning of the word "область" exactly and does not create any ambiguity.  "Region", as you can imagine, can refer to a multitude of things, many of which have nothing to do with oblasts; same, albeit to a lesser extent, goes for "province".  This kind of ambiguity is unacceptable in an encyclopedic article, which is why we are using the strict term.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); 19:37, June 4, 2009 (UTC)
 * Alright, makes sense. Question then: if the wording of a formal name (in my case, a hockey team name) is always область, but recently the new english (albeit, shoddily translated) version of the official site is using "region" in it's place...do i stick with what's cited or with oblast?--Lvivske (talk) 04:46, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
 * When a word like "oblast" is a part of a name or a title, then, as per the WP:UE guidelines, you need to take a look at that name as a whole. If there is a name under which the team is widely known in English, then that name is what we should be using.  If English usage is limited to the version shown on the team's website, then, no matter how shoddy it is, it's what we should be using as well.  Literal translation of the name is something that should only be used as a last resort (and in a situation like this one it would then make sense to use the proper terminology and to use "oblast", not "region" or "province").  Hope this helps!—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); 15:14, June 8, 2009 (UTC)

It's translateble! Not "krais" - Regions, Not "oblast's" - Provinces — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bearg (talk • contribs) 15:53, 16 January 2023 (UTC)

Chita
Why is Chita crossed out? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.177.105.69 (talk) 06:46, 29 June 2009 (UTC)
 * In 2008, Chita Oblast merged with Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug to form Zabaykalsky Krai. The entry in this article is crossed out (rather than removed altogether) because the map was not updated properly—oblasts should have been re-numbered, but instead Chita Oblast was simply removed, so there is no #7 on the map.  When someone updates the map properly, it will be possible to remove Chita Oblast from the legend completely.  Hope this helps.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); 14:49, June 29, 2009 (UTC)

Numbers on map are incorrect
Many if not all of the numbers on the map seem to not match the ones on the list. Workster (talk) 16:33, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

Agreeing with this - the map has no oblast numbered 7, it skips from 6 to 8. 2601:280:4800:91A0:82F5:C58B:9C7:1E12 (talk) 21:24, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

 * A bit late but stating that map has been fixed since June 2017 -glove- (talk) 02:58, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

Newly annexed territories
I'm just asking why Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic aren't included. Patriciogetsongettingridofhiswiki (talk) 17:11, 1 October 2022 (UTC)

I now know why Patriciogetsongettingridofhiswiki (talk) 22:36, 4 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Kherson and Zaporizzhia remain oblasts. They are mentioned in the text, so I added them to the number in the infobox as 'claimed'. Regardless of politics, people looking at the number in the infobox are going to want to know whether it includes the occupied territories or not. — kwami (talk) 02:39, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

Numbering on map
Am I the only one who thinks numbering the oblasts is entirely unhelpful? It makes one jump between each side of the map for no real reason. wound theology ◈  06:18, 13 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oblasts of Russia


text:
Legislative Council of Queensland

The Legislative Council of Queensland was the upper house of the parliament in the Australian state of Queensland. It was a fully nominated body which first took office on 1 May 1860. It was abolished by the Constitution Amendment Act 1921, which took effect on 23 March 1922.

Consequently, the Legislative Assembly of Queensland is the only unicameral state Parliament in Australia. Two territories, the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory, also maintain unicameral parliaments.

Most of the early members of the Council came from wealthy families, were well educated and were born in England. Absenteeism was a problem in the early years, with some members returning to England, being absent for several years.

Abolition
The Legislative Council was seen by the Labor Party as undemocratic and a tool of patronage, and upon the establishment of a secure Labor majority in the Assembly in 1915, Labor sought the house's abolition. Bills for this purpose were rejected by the Council itself in 1915 and 1916, and a referendum failed on 5 May 1917 on a vote of 179,105 to 116,196. In 1918 on the recommendations of the Labor Government, Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams appointed 13 Labor Members to the Legislative Council and an additional 3 in 1919. Even with these additional members it was not guaranteed that the Council would vote itself out of existence, given the results of the Referendum. So, in 1920, the Government under Premier Ted Theodore changed tack. He firstly asked the Governor of the day, Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams to appoint additional members to the Legislative Council. The Governor declined but, because of ill health, he retired in 1920 and on his recommendation, William Lennon, then Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, was appointed to be the Lieutenant Governor. Shortly after this, on 19 February 1920, Lennon appointed 14 new members to the Legislative Council, all of them members of the Labor Party. By this means, Labor then had sufficient members within the Council to vote for its own dissolution.

The abolition bill was eventually passed by the Assembly on a 51–15 vote on 24 October 1921. The bill was then introduced to the Council by the leader of the Government in the Council, Alfred James Jones, who remarked, "Until we had a majority here, [the Council] was obstructive, and now that we have a majority here it is useless." However, Opposition councillor Patrick Leahy protested that the abolition of the chamber would result in the Assembly being "able to do what it thinks fit" and becoming unaccountable. On 26 October 1921, the Council voted itself out of existence; the members who voted for the abolition were known as the "suicide squad". The Council rose for the last time at 8:37 p.m. the next evening.

The non-Labor parties petitioned the British Government, but the Colonial Secretary, Winston Churchill, concluded that the matter was "essentially one for determination locally", and the Governor felt "unable to say that there is evidence of any strong or widespread feeling in the country against this assent being given." Royal Assent was given on 3 March 1922, and the Act was proclaimed in the Government Gazette 20 days later, abolishing the Council.

Labor's view was summed up in 1980 by Labor politician and historian Dr Denis Murphy, who claimed the "dominance of wealth and property over the Queensland parliament" was broken. However, some scholars and political commentators have argued that the abuses of the Bjelke-Petersen regime (1968–1987) in Queensland were only possible because of the absence of an upper house, and that the problem was not the Council itself but its existence as a nominated rather than elected body (Legislative Councils in all other states were fully elective by 1900, except in New South Wales where some nominative features lasted until the 1970s.)

Several independents have at various times supported the reintroduction of an upper house. The Queensland Greens support the reintroduction of an upper house elected by proportional representation. Neither major party currently supports the reintroduction of an upper house.

Support for reintroduction
Since 2012, there has been support from some politicians for the reintroduction of the Legislative Council in the Queensland Parliament.

Federal Greens senator Larissa Waters, independent MPs Peter Wellington and Liz Cunningham, One Nation leader Pauline Hanson and One Nation MP Stephen Andrew have all publicly supported the return of the upper house, believing that both constituents and political parties would benefit with fairer representation.

However, LNP premier Campbell Newman and Labor premier Annastacia Palaszczuk have both publicly rejected the calls for the upper house to be reestablished.

On 11 May 2021, a petition was tabled in parliament which was submitted by Kallangur resident Daniel Boniface and sponsored by Member for Mirani Stephen Andrew requesting a referendum be held on the issue of reinstating the Legislative Council. The petition was signed by 940 people. In a letter addressed to the Clerk of Parliament on 11 June 2021, premier Annastacia Palaszczuk responded that the issue was not one she had taken to the people, nor was it an issue her government intended to pursue.

title: Legislative Council of Queensland


text: User talk:207.200.116.67

title: User talk:207.200.116.67


text:
Shaking the Tree: Sixteen Golden Greats

Shaking the Tree: Sixteen Golden Greats is a compilation album by the English rock musician Peter Gabriel. It was released in 1990 as Gabriel's first career retrospective, including songs from his first solo album Peter Gabriel (I or Car) (1977), through Passion: Music for The Last Temptation of Christ (1989). It was remastered with most of Gabriel's catalogue in 2002. The vinyl version of the album is called Shaking the Tree: Twelve Golden Greats.

Track selection
The tracks are creatively re-ordered, ignoring chronology. Some of the tracks were different from the album versions. New parts were recorded for several tracks in Gabriel's Real World Studios. Most songs are edited for time, either as radio, single, or video edit versions. "Shakin' the Tree"—a track from Youssou N'Dour's 1989 album The Lion—is a 1990 version featuring new vocals from Gabriel (and slightly revised title). "I Have the Touch" is listed as a 1983 remix, although it is actually the 1985 remix which appeared on the "Sledgehammer" single. (The 1985 remix is similar to the 1983 remix, which appeared as the B-side of the "Walk Through the Fire" single, but is edited down to 3m 45s long, as here.)

"Here Comes the Flood" is a new recording from 1990. This version is a piano and voice arrangement, that is far simpler than the highly produced version on Peter Gabriel (1977). Its sparseness is closer to the version Gabriel recorded with Robert Fripp on Fripp's Exposure (1979). In interviews, Gabriel has said that he preferred the 1979 version, and it was that version with Fripp that he chose to overdub in German as the flipside of the single "Biko" released before Ein deutsches Album (1980).

Although this album highlights songs from Peter Gabriel's earlier albums, tracks from Peter Gabriel (II, or Scratch) and the soundtrack to the film Birdy are not included. "In Your Eyes" is notably missing from the compilation. Say Anything..., in which it was played in a prominent scene, had been released the year before. Although this made "In Your Eyes" perhaps the most well known Peter Gabriel song aside from "Sledgehammer" in the U.S., it was not released as a single in Peter Gabriel's UK homeland, so did not chart there. It was therefore omitted from the album in favour of five of the other eight tracks from So — four other hits and the album track "Mercy Street".

Track listing
Tracks marked with (*) do not appear on the vinyl release of the album.

Personnel

 * "Solsbury Hill"
 * Bob Ezrin – production
 * Larry Fast – synthesizer
 * Robert Fripp – guitar
 * Peter Gabriel – vocals
 * Steve Hunter – guitar
 * Tony Levin – bass guitar
 * Alan Schwartzberg – drums

 * "I Don't Remember" (Edited version)
 * Larry Fast – processing
 * Robert Fripp – guitar
 * Peter Gabriel – piano, synthesizer, vocals, and production
 * Tony Levin – Chapman Stick
 * Jerry Marrotta – drums
 * David Rhodes – guitar
 * Peter Walsh – production

 * "Sledgehammer" (Single edit)
 * P.P. Arnold – backing vocals
 * Peter Gabriel – Fairlight CMI, Prophet, piano, vocals, production
 * Carol Gordon – backing vocals
 * Manu Katche – drums
 * Wayne Jackson – trumpet
 * Daniel Lanois – production
 * Tony Levin – bass guitar
 * Dee Lewis – backing vocals
 * Don Mikkelsen – trombone
 * David Rhodes – guitar
 * Mark Rivera – saxophone

 * "Family Snapshot"
 * Larry Fast – synthesizer
 * Phil Collins – snare drum
 * Peter Gabriel – piano, vocals
 * John Giblin – bass guitar
 * Dave Gregory – guitar
 * Steve Lillywhite – production
 * Jerry Marrotta – drums
 * Dick Morrissey – saxophone
 * David Rhodes – guitar

 * "Mercy Street" (Edited version)
 * Djalma Correa – surdu, congas, and triangle
 * Peter Gabriel – Fairlight CMI, Prophet, piano, CS80, vocals, and production
 * Larry Klein – bass guitar
 * Daniel Lanois – production
 * Mark Rivera – processed saxophone

 * "Shaking the Tree" (1990 remix)
 * George Acogny – Fairlight CMI percussion
 * Roger Bolton – Fairlight CMI percussion and sequencing
 * Simon Clark – organ, piano, keyboard bass, and synthesizer
 * Habib Faye – bass guitar, guitar
 * Peter Gabriel – vocals and re-recorded vocals
 * Manu Katche – drums
 * Youssou N'Dour – vocals
 * David Rhodes – acoustic and electric guitar

 * "Don't Give Up" (Edited version)
 * Peter Gabriel – chant, vocals, CMI, Prophet, piano, production
 * Kate Bush – vocals, chant
 * David Rhodes – guitar
 * Tony Levin – bass guitar
 * Simon Clark – chorus CS 80
 * Richard Tee – piano
 * Daniel Lanois – production

 * "San Jacinto"
 * Peter Gabriel – vocals, production
 * David Lord – production

 * "Here Comes the Flood" (1990 re-recording)
 * Peter Gabriel – piano, vocals, and production

 * "Red Rain"
 * Peter Gabriel – vocals, production
 * Daniel Lanois – production

 * "Games Without Frontiers" (Single edit)
 * Steve Lillywhite – production
 * Kate Bush – background vocals

 * "Shock the Monkey" (Radio edit)
 * Peter Gabriel – vocals, production
 * David Lord – production

 * "I Have the Touch" (1983 remix)
 * Peter Gabriel – keyboards, vocals, and production
 * David Lord – production
 * Simon Phillips – drums
 * James Guthrie – remix engineer

 * "Big Time"
 * Peter Gabriel – vocals, production
 * Daniel Lanois – production

 * "Zaar" (Edited version)
 * Peter Gabriel – production

 * "Biko" (Edited version)
 * Steve Lillywhite – production

 * Additional
 * Alexander Knaust – styling and photography assistance
 * Robert Mapplethorpe – photography
 * Mouat Nomad, London – design

title: Shaking the Tree: Sixteen Golden Greats


text:
Nellyville

Nellyville is the second studio album by American rapper Nelly. It was released on June 25, 2002, by Universal Records and Fo' Reel Entertainment. The album's production was handled by Waiel Yaghnam, the Neptunes, Jay E, Trackboyz, Ryan Bowser, and Just Blaze. Two singles from Nellyville, "Hot in Herre" and "Dilemma", both topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for respectively seven and ten weeks. The album received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised the production.

Nellyville debuted at the top of the US Billboard 200, with sales of 715,000 equivalent-units in the opening week of the country. It remained at number one for four non-consecutive weeks and was eventually certified six-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of over six million equivalent-units in sales, which allowed Nellyville to become Nelly's second number-one, multi-platinum, and top-10 album in the United States following his debut album Country Grammar in 2000. As of March 16, 2011, Nellyville sold 6,488,000 copies in the United States, and it became the 14th best-selling rap album of all time. Internationally, it peaked at number two on the album charts in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Germany, and New Zealand.

Production
The recording of Nellyville was handled by Steve Eigner and Marc Lee. Rich Travali was assisted by Jeff Robinette, while Jamie Duncan and Dan Milazzo were performing the mixing on the album. Audio mastering was done by Herb Powers. The album's artwork was provided by Sandy Brummels, while Robert Sims handled design, and Jonathan Mannion was responsible for photography. Several artists made an appearance on the album, including Justin Timberlake, Kelly Rowland, Beanie Sigel, Freeway and Dani Stevenson.

Critical reception
Nellyville received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 70, based on 15 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews". Wayne Franklin of PopMatters held low expectations for the album prior to listening to it, following Nelly's feud with rapper KRS-One, but found its music to be "incredible". Wayne lauded the track "Air Force Ones", describing it as an "unbelievable ode" to hip hop, while noting several other songs as stand-outs. Allmusic's Jason Birchmeier gave the album three-and-a-half stars out of five, noting "Hot in Herre", "Dilemma" and "Roc the Mic" as "three well-calculated, standout moments". Birchmeier praised "Hot in Herre"'s production, "Roc the Mic"'s hip hop composition and the "Dilemma"'s interpolation of Patti LaBelle's "Love, Need and Want You". RapReviews.com's Steve Juon gave Nellyville an 8.5 out of ten, citing the album's consistency and production, praising "Hot in Herre" for its Midwestern drawl and "harmonious musical flow". Giving the album a B+, Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly praised several new additions to Nelly's vocal style, summarizing: "If you like your rap loose and funny, Nelly's the man for you".

NME Dele Fadele saw Nellyville as Nelly's "reply to the haters"; Fadele described the album as a "glossy, well-produced album of populist anthems with a gangsta undertow" that expands his perspective of the world and "celebrates success". Though Fadele wasn't impressed at the Justin Timberlake featured track "Work It", calling the song a "silly pop-directed collaboration". The A.V. Club's Nathan Rabin praised Nellyville for achieving similar universal appeal to Nelly's previous effort Country Grammar, which achieved it with songs such as its self-titled track and "E.I.". Rabin criticized Timberlake's "high-schooler doing a Bee Gees impersonation" on "Work It", though noted the song as the only "glaring misstep" on the album. People lauded "Hot in Herre" for its "funky go-go groove", declaring it the "perfect summer jam", but were ambivalent towards the rest of the album's beats for being slightly repetitive. Rolling Stone Rob Marriott described Nelly as a "gifted, witty MC" with the "catchiest rhymes to ever hit the pop charts" but wrote that Nellyville sounds "weighted down" by the commercial pressure of having to have another multi-platinum album.

Accolades
At the 45th Annual Grammy Awards, Nellyville was nominated for Album of the Year and Best Rap Album, "Dilemma" won Best Rap/Sung Collaboration and was nominated for Record of the Year, and "Hot in Herre" won Best Male Rap Solo Performance. Nelly received three BET Award nominations such as Best Male Hip-Hop Artist, Best Collaboration (for "Dilemma") and Video of the Year (for "Hot in Herre"). At the 2003's American Music Awards, Nelly was nominated for Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist and the Fan's Choice Award, while Nellyville was nominated for Favorite Pop/Rock Album and Favorite Hip/Hop/R&B Album, with Nelly winning the Fan's Choice Award. Nelly received six awards at the 2002's Billboard Music Awards, winning the awards for Artist of the Year, Male Artist of the Year, Hot 100 Singles Male Artist of the Year, R&B/Hip-Hop Male Artist of the Year, Rap Artist of the Year and Rap Track of the Year (for "Hot in Herre"). On the 2002's Billboard year-end charts, the album was ranked third on the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums charts.

North America
The album debuted at No. 1 on the US Billboard 200, selling 715,000 copies, outperforming Nelly's previous effort Country Grammar (2000), which debuted at number 3 selling 235,000 copies. With the single, "Hot in Herre" debuting at No. 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 that week, Nelly was in possession of the top spot on 10 different Billboard charts. After its release, Nellyville remained atop the Billboard 200, selling 447,000 in its second week and 340,000 in its third week, surpassing 1.5 million copies in sales in its 3rd week. In its fourth week, Nellyville replaced atop the chart by Dave Matthews Band's Busted Stuff. The former album was positioned at No. 2 on the Billboard 200, with its sales decreasing to 305,000 copies. In the 5th week, it sold 271,000 copies, dropping from #2 to No. 3, and in its sixth week, it sold 244,000 copies remaining at number 3. Nellyville reached to No. 2 and sold 210,000 units in its 7th week of release and in its 8th week, topping the Billboard 200, accumulating to 4 non-consecutive weeks atop. The album sold 185,000 copies that week. Nellyville 4-week #1 run and sales were, according to Billboard, largely in part to the success of the album's singles, "Hot in Herre" and "Dilemma". The former track was number one on the Hot 100 prior to the album's release, maintaining a third week atop the chart, when Nellville made its debut. The song topped the Hot 100 for 7 consecutive weeks before being replaced by its successor, "Dilemma", which topped the chart for 10 non-consecutive weeks, selling worldwide over 7.6 million copies. On June 9, 2003, Nellyville was certified Sex-tuple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of over 6 million copies in the United States of America. On March 16, 2011, the album sold 6,490,000 copies in the United States, becoming the fourteenth best-selling rap album of all time. Nellyville was ranked as the 174th best album of all time on the Billboard Top 200 Albums of All Time.

Europe and Oceania
Nellyville debuted and peaked at No. 2 on the UK Albums Chart on the week of July 13, 2002, remaining on the chart for 40 weeks. On July 1, 2002, the album was certified Double Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), for shipments of 600,000 copies. On the Australian Albums Chart, it debuted and peaked at No. 2 for two weeks, staying within the top 10 for 16 non-consecutive weeks. The album dropped off the chart after 31 weeks, and was certified Triple Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipments of 210,000 copies. Nellyville also peaked at No. 2 on the New Zealand Albums Chart, Canadian Albums Chart and German Albums Chart. It remained on the chart in New Zealand for 30 weeks, in Canada for 18 weeks and in Germany for 33 weeks. It was certified Double Platinum by Recorded Music NZ and Quadruple Platinum by Music Canada. the album was certified Gold by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI). Nellyville also achieved success in several other territories, peaking within the top ten in Ireland, Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Switzerland, Norway, Austria and Belgian (Flanders). It was certified Gold by IFPI Austria for shipments of 15,000 and certified Platinum by IFPI Switzerland for shipments of 40,000 copies The album reached at number 11 in Sweden and #25 in Belgium (Wallonia) and France. The Swedish Recording Industry Association (GLF) awarded the album a Gold certification, for shipments of over 30,000 copies.

Track listing
Sample credits
 * "Hot in Herre" contains an interpolation of "Bustin' Loose" performed by Chuck Brown.
 * "Pimp Juice" contains a sample from the medley of "Love Comes in All Colors" performed by The Staple Singers.
 * "Dilemma" contains elements of "Love, Need and Want You" performed by Patti LaBelle and samples “Misunderstanding” by D Train, “BMW" by Phemza The Kween, and "R&B" by Lil Swae.

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.

Main artist
 * Nelly

Additional musicians
 * Justin Timberlake – appearance
 * Kelly Rowland – appearance
 * Beanie Sigel – appearance
 * Freeway – appearance
 * Dani Stevenson – appearance

Technical
 * Steve Eigner – recording
 * Marc Lee – recording, assistance

 * Rich Travali – mixing
 * Jeff Robinette – mixing, assistance
 * Jamie Duncan – mixing, assistance
 * Dan Milazzo – mixing, assistance
 * Herb Powers – mastering

Other
 * Sandy Brummels – art directing
 * Robert Sims – design
 * Jonathan Mannion – photography

title: Nellyville


text:
Cetacean Conservation Center

The Cetacean Conservation Center (Centro de Conservación Cetacea or CCC) is a Chilean NGO dedicated to the conservation of cetaceans and other marine mammals that inhabit the coastal waters of Chile. The CCC also engages in public education and information campaigns at the national and regional level.

Mission
Centro de Conservación Cetacea (CCC) is a Chilean non-governmental and non-profit organization that actively and effectively works on the conservation of marine mammals and their aquatic ecosystems in Chilean waters. The goals in support of this mission are:

 * 1) Promote effective [marine conservation] and management policies.
 * 2) Conduct management and conservation related research on cetacean species and their ecosystems, with special focus on studying endangered species.
 * 3) Identify and assess anthropogenic impacts on marine [wildlife] and propose mitigation measures.
 * 4) Promote the sustainable development of coastal communities through responsible marine wildlife watching activities.
 * 5) Increase public awareness and promote the informed and active participation of people/government on marine biodiversity conservation as well as encourage the reduction of human impacts.
 * 6) Strengthen national and international cooperation in marine conservation strategies

History
Since 2001, Centro de Conservacion Cetacea has conducted national marine conservation projects, including a wide range of areas like scientific research, public education, coastal community development and strengthening of marine conservation policies:

CHILE 2002, Our Opportunity to Protect Life”''', that reached over 140 thousand people of all the country with an educational exhibit of life size inflatable whales and sharks. As a result, the government of Chile strongly opposed proposals oriented to down list whale species from Appendix I and supported proposals oriented to include whale and basking sharks in CITES Appendix II, during the 12th Conference of the Parties of CITES conducted in Santiago de Chile.

“Southern Right Whale Project/Chile”, a project that has been conducted since 2003 with the official support of the Chilean Navy and the cooperation of leading right whale conservation organizations from Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. In 2008 the southeast Pacific population of this species was classified as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Chilean Navy granted maximum level of protection to the species.

Marine Mammal Sighting Network”''', it has work effectively thanks to the support and cooperation of the Chilean Navy and more than 500 members that actively participate in recording of cetacean sightings and stranding events along the Chilean coast.

Alfaguara project. It has consolidated as a scientific and coastal sustainable development project of national interest by receiving the official support of the Chilean Navy, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Education of Chile. The project has also identified the area with the highest sighting rate of blue whales in the Southern Hemisphere (northwestern Chiloé Island) and has raised international awareness regarding the health status of this blue whale population by describing skinny blue whales and skin lesions associated to coastal pollution from the salmon farming industry.

“Chile 2008, A Whale Sanctuary”, that was conducted during eight months in conjunction with Centro Ecoceanos and the National Confederation of Artisan Fishers of Chile. As a result, the sanctuary was achieved in only eight months with the unanimous support by the Chilean Congress of the bill/law that bans all types of whaling operations in Chilean jurisdictional waters (EEZ) and sets the basis for consolidating a national marine conservation policy. This is the first marine protection policy adopted in Chilean history and the most important measure taken until date in the country for the effective conservation of cetacean species and their marine environment.

Papers and publications
Cabrera, E., Carlson, C. and Galletti V.M., B. 2004. A note on the presence of blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) in the north western coast of Chiloe Island and its management implications. Paper SC/56/SH21 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, July 2004 (unpublished). 3pp. [Available from the authors]

Cabrera, E., Carlson, C. and Galletti V.M., B. 2005. Presence of blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) in the northwestern coast of Chiloé Island, Southern Chile. LAJAM 4(1): 73-74.

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C. and Cabrera, E. 2005. Blue whale sightings during the 2005 field season in northwestern Chiloe Island, Southern Chile. Paper SC/57/SH14 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2005 (unpublished). 4pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C. and Cabrera, E. 2005. Presence of sei whales during 2004 and 2005 in northwestern Chiloe Island, Southern Chile. Paper SC/57/O19 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2005 (unpublished). 4pp. [Available from the authors]

Cabrera, E., Carlson, C., Galletti V.M., B., Cardenas, J.C. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2005. A pygmy right whale (Caperea marginata) from Chiloe Island, Chile. Paper SC/57/O20 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2005 (unpublished). 5pp. [Available from the authors]

Cabrera, E., Carlson, C., Galletti V.M., B., Cardenas, J.C. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2005. A pygmy right whale (Caperea marginata) from Chiloe Island, Chile. 16th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. San Diego, CA, USA, 12–16 December 2005. pg. 47.

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C. and Cabrera, E. 2005. Presence of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) and sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) during 2004 and 2005 in northwestern Chiloe Island, Southern Chile. 16th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. San Diego, CA, USA, 12–16 December 2005. pg. 100.

Cabrera, E., Carlson, C., Galletti Vernazzani, B. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2006. Preliminary report on the photo-identification of blue whales off Isla de Chiloé, Chile from 2004 to 2006. Paper SC/58/SH18 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2006 (unpublished). 5pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C., Cabrera, E. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2006. Blue, sei and humpback whale sightings during 2006 field season in northwestern Isla de Chiloe, Chile. Paper SC/58/SH17 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2006 (unpublished). 6pp. [Available from the authors]

Branch, T.A., Stafford, K.M., Palacios, D.M., Allison, C., Bannister, J.L., Burton, C.L.K., Cabrera, E., Carlson, C., Galletti Vernazzani, B., Gill, P.C., Hucke-Gaete, R., Jenner, K.C.S., Jenner, M-N.M., Matsuoka, K., Mikhalev, Y.A., Miyashita, T., Morrice, M.G., Nishiwaki, S., Sturrock, V.J., Tormosov, D., Anderson, R.C., Baker, A.N., Best, P.B., Borsa, P., Brownell Jr., R.L., Childerhouse, S., Findlay, K.P., Gerrodette, T., Ilangakoon, A.D., Joergensen, M., Kahn, B., Ljunglad, D.K., Maughn, B., McCauley, R.D., McKay, S., Norris, T.F., Oman Whale And Dolphin Research Group, Rankin, S., Samaran, F., Thiele, D., Van Waerebeek, K. and Warneke, R.M.2007b. Past and present distribution, densities and movements of blue whales Balaenoptera musculus in the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean. Mammal Review 37: 116-175.

Brownell Jr., R.L., Carlson, C., Galletti Vernazzani, B. and Cabrera, E. 2007. Skin lesions on blue whales off southern Chile: Possible conservation implications?. Paper SC/59/SH21 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2007 (unpublished). 6pp. [Available from the authors]

Brownell Jr., R.L., Carlson, C., Galletti Vernazzani, B. and Cabrera, E. 2007. Skin lesions on blue whales off Isla de Chiloé: Possible conservation implications?. 17th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Cape Town, South Africa, 29 November-3 December 2007.

Cabrera, E. y Galletti Vernazzani, B. 2007. Parámetros para determinar los efectos del turismo de avistamiento sobre cinco poblaciones de cetáceos en Chile. En: CPPS/PNUMA. 2007. Memorias del Taller de Trabajo sobre el Impacto de las Actividades Antropogénicas en Mamíferos Marinos en el Pacífico Sudeste. Bogotá, Colombia, 28 al 29 de noviembre de 2006. Guayaquil, Ecuador. pp 60–64.

Cabrera, E., Galletti Vernazzani, B and Carlson, C. 2007. Recommendations for whale watching guidelines in the blue whale feeding area of southern Chile. Paper SC/59/WW15 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2007 (unpublished). 9pp. [Available from the authors]

Cabrera, E., Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2007. National marine mammal sighting network in Chile: a cost-effective tool for increasing our understanding of cetaceans. 17th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Cape Town, South Africa, 29 November-3 December 2007.

Galletti Vernazzani, B. y Cabrera, E. 2007. Varamiento de cetáceos en Chile 1970-2005 y su relación con impactos antropogénicos. En: CPPS/PNUMA. 2007. Memorias del Taller de Trabajo sobre el Impacto de las Actividades Antropogénicas en Mamíferos Marinos en el Pacífico Sudeste. Bogotá, Colombia, 28 al 29 de noviembre de 2006. Guayaquil, Ecuador. pp 32–37.

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C., Cabrera, E., and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2007. Status of blue whales off Isla de Chiloé, Chile, during 2007 field season. Paper SC/59/SH1 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2007 (unpublished). 7pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C., Cabrera, E., and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2007. Status of blue whales off Isla de Chiloé, Chile, from 2004 to 2007. 17th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Cape Town, South Africa, 29 November-3 December 2007.

Brownell Jr., R.L., Carlson, C., Galletti Vernazzani, B. and Cabrera, E. 2008. Skin lesions on blue whales off southern Chile: Possible conservation implications?. Paper SC/60/SH25 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2008 (unpublished). 8pp. [Available from the authors]

Capella, J., Galletti Vernazzani B, Gibbons, J. & Cabrera E. 2008. Coastal migratory connections of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae borowski, 1781, in southern chile. Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia (Chile). 36(2):13-18

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Brownell Jr., R.L. and Cabrera, E. 2008. Sightings of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) off Chile and Peru from 1976 to 2007. Paper SC/60/BRG22 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2008 (unpublished). 12pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C., Cabrera, E. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2008. Status of blue whales off Isla de Chiloé, Chile, during 2008 field season. Paper SC/60/SH24 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2008 (unpublished). 9pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C., Cabrera, E., Capella, J. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2008. Recent humpback whale sightings off Isla de Chiloe, 2006-2008. Paper SC/60/SH26 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2008 (unpublished). 4pp. [Available from the authors]

Brownell, Jr., R.L, Galletti Vernazzani, B. and Carlson, C.A. 2009. Vessel collision with a large whale off southern Chile. Paper SC/61/BC7 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2009 (unpublished). 6pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B. and Cabrera, E. 2009. First aerial surveys to estimate abundance of blue whales off southern Chile. Paper SC/61/SH21 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2009 (unpublished). 8pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Cabrera, E., Carlson, C.A., Sironi, M. and Brownell, Jr., R.L. 2009. Blue Whales off Isla de Chiloé, Chile: update of 2009 field research season of the Alfaguara Project. Paper SC/61/SH22 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2009 (unpublished). 2pp. [Available from the authors]

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Cabrera, E., Cárdenas, J.C., and Perez, C. 2009. Blue whale conservation, gaps, and challenges of MPA policies in Chile. First International Conference on Marine Mammals Protected Areas. Maui, Hawaii, USA, 30 March-3 April 2009.

Galletti Vernazzani, B., Carlson, C., Cabrera, E. and Brownell Jr., R.L. 2010. Status of blue whales off Isla de Chiloé, Chile, 2004-2009. Paper SC/62/SH32 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2010 (unpublished). 11pp. [Available from the authors]

-->

title: Cetacean Conservation Center


text:
Domenic Troiano

Domenic Michele Antonio Troiano (January 17, 1946 – May 25, 2005) was a Canadian guitarist and songwriter, best known as a member of Mandala, Bush, James Gang, and The Guess Who. He also recorded music for film and television, often made guest appearances on other musicians' albums, and worked as a producer.

Biography
Troiano was born in Modugno, Italy, and his family emigrated to Toronto, Ontario during his childhood. He became a Canadian citizen in 1955. His first professional music work was in the early 1960s with a band fronted by Ronnie Hawkins. In 1965 Troiano joined a local Toronto band called the Five Rogues, which later found success as Mandala. The band achieved several hit singles in Canada, and played several times in the United States.

Mandala disbanded in 1969, after which Troiano and some of the other members formed the new band Bush. This band also found success in Canada and toured the United States; Three Dog Night recorded one of their songs. Bush broke up in 1970 after releasing one album. Troiano owned the rights to the band's name, which became an issue of media interest in the mid-1990s upon the emergence of the successful British rock band also called Bush. That band was temporarily forced to use the name "Bushx" in Canada, though Troiano offered an agreement in which the band was allowed to use simply "Bush" in return for a donation to Canadian music charities.

In 1970, Troiano appeared on Axe, a solo album by The Guess Who guitarist Randy Bachman, and collaborated with The Guess Who on an aborted movie soundtrack. This was the beginning of Troiano's association with that band, which he would join several years later. Troiano then announced a solo album, but before it was completed he joined James Gang in 1972, replacing Joe Walsh. He appeared on the albums Straight Shooter and Passin' Thru, both released in 1972, but those albums failed to attain the popularity that the band had enjoyed before Walsh's departure. While with James Gang, Troiano released his self-titled debut solo album in which he also sang lead vocals; this was his third overall album in 1972. This was followed by his second solo album Tricky in 1973, displaying a jazz rock sound. Troiano left James Gang in 1973, to be replaced by Tommy Bolin.

Troiano next joined The Guess Who in 1974, replacing departed guitarists Kurt Winter and Donnie McDougall, and becoming one of the group's primary songwriters in conjunction with leader Burton Cummings. Having grown up in Toronto, Troiano was the first member of The Guess Who not to hail from Winnipeg. He appeared on the albums Flavours and Power in the Music, which were noted for moving The Guess Who into jazz rock due to Troiano's songwriting influence. Cummings was unhappy with this new sound, and disbanded the long-running group in 1975.

Troiano then resumed his solo career, releasing three more solo albums by 1979. His 1979 song "We All Need Love" became a substantial hit in Europe when it was covered by Eurodance group Double You in 1992. Meanwhile, Troiano formed another new band called Black Market, which released one album in 1981. Troiano then turned to soundtrack work for film and television, and served as producer for other artists. He was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1996.

Troiano died from prostate cancer at age 59 on May 25, 2005. In his name, the Domenic Troiano Guitar Scholarship was established in 2006, and is now known as the Domenic Troiano Guitar Awards. He was also commemorated in a collection of music memorabilia at the Brunswick House pub and museum in Toronto.

Selected discography
With Mandala
 * Soul Crusade (1968)

With Bush
 * Bush (1970)

With James Gang
 * Straight Shooter (1972)
 * Passin' Thru (1972)

With The Guess Who
 * Flavours (1974)
 * Power in the Music (1975)

With Black Market
 * Changing of the Guard (1981)

The Domenic Troiano Band/Solo
 * Domenic Troiano (1972)
 * Tricky (1973)
 * Burnin' at the Stake (1977)
 * The Joke's on Me (1978)
 * Fret Fever (1979)
 * The Best of Domenic Troiano – 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection (2003)

With others
 * David Clayton-Thomas, David Clayton–Thomas (RCA Victor, 1973)
 * Joe Cocker, Civilized Man (Capitol, 1984)
 * Matt Dusk, Two Shots (Decca, 2004)
 * Ronnie Hawkins, Still Cruisin' (Hawk, 2002)
 * Eye to Eye, Shakespeare Stole My Baby (Warner Bros., 1983)
 * Diana Ross, Ross (RCA, 1983)

title: Domenic Troiano


text:
Plano, Missouri

Plano is an unincorporated community on former U.S. Route 66, now Route 266 in Greene County, Missouri, United States. The community is part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.

A post office called Plano was established in 1895, and remained in operation until 1903. The name most likely is a transfer from Plano, Texas. Little remains of the original community.

title: Plano, Missouri


text: Category:Nelly albums

title: Category:Nelly albums


text:
Charles River Dam Bridge

The Charles River Dam Bridge, officially the Craigie Bridge, also called Craigie's Bridge or the Canal Bridge, is a six-lane bascule bridge across the Charles River in the West End neighborhood of Boston. The bridge, maintained by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR, formerly the MDC), carries Massachusetts Route 28 (Charles River Dam Road at this location) next to the Green Line's Lechmere Viaduct. The Museum of Science is located on the dam and nearby piers. Charles River Dam Road connects Leverett Circle in the West End to East Cambridge, but most of the road is fixed, and the asymmetrically sited drawbridge is a short span entirely on the Boston side of the river.

The original lock for the Charles River was incorporated into the dam, just west of the Charles River Dam Bridge, but it was replaced by three parallel locks in the new Charles River Dam, located further east, at the site of the old Warren Bridge.

The former lock at the Charles River Dam Bridge now allows water and small ships to flow freely. Taller ships require the opening of the drawbridge, operated by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation.

History

The first bridge on the site was known as the Canal Bridge, named after the Middlesex Canal which ran from the Charlestown Mill Pond to Middlesex Village in East Chelmsford Massachusetts; later p/o Lowell. As an investment, businessman Andrew Craigie purchased the largely undeveloped farmland on the Cambridge side around Lechmere Point from various owners (including Mary Lechmere and heirs) in preparation for building the bridge. The investors incorporated in 1807 with a charter to build a bridge from Leverett Street in the West End, Boston to the eastern end of Lechmere Point. One-third of shares were owned by the Middlesex Canal Corporation.

The bridge opened in 1809, and came to be known as Craigie's Bridge. The construction of the bridge prompted the laying out of roads to the center of Cambridge (now Cambridge Street, running to Harvard Square) and Somerville/Medford (Bridge Street, now Monsignor O'Brien Highway/Massachusetts Route 28). Craigie and associates, who formed the Lechemere Point Corporation, benefited from the building boom that followed, spurred on by their efforts to expand the public street grid. Residential cross streets were constructed and some were named after investors (Otis, Thorndike, and Gore).

The bridge was sold to the Hancock Free Bridge Corporation in 1846, and became toll-free on January 30, 1858.

The current bridge was constructed in 1910, along with the dam that turned the lower Charles River from a tidal estuary into a fresh-water basin. This reduced the problematic odor from raw sewage flowing into the river by keeping the formerly tidal lands covered with water. It was completed on June 30, and greeted with a two-hour fireworks display that Fourth of July. Thousands of people watched from the new Boston Embankment (the early Charles River Esplanade), which took the place of the former tidal flats.

Construction of the Museum of Science began on the dam in 1948, and finished in 1951.

The Massachusetts Department of Transportation completed a 2-year project to rehabilitate the Craigie Bridge and to completely replace the drawbridge in 2011. The project required the closure of the Boston-bound lanes from November 6, 2010, through mid December 2010, and again from early February 2011 through mid-April 2011, necessitating traffic detours. This was paid for out of borrowed funds as part of the statewide Accelerated Bridge Program.

In November 2018, a Boston University graduate student was killed by a dump truck while bicycling on the bridge as both turned right onto Museum Way. The next month, MassDOT announced that dedicated bicycle signals and protected bicycle lanes would be added in summer 2019, dropping automobile traffic to two lanes in each direction.

title: Charles River Dam Bridge


text:
Talk:Nellyville

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title: Talk:Nellyville


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Texas Media Watch

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CDC  (talk)  18:20, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Texas Media Watch
This page should be delted because the topic is non-notable. Texas Media Watch claims to be a non-partisan watch group. However, the Austin Chronicle, a paper with cirulation of 88,000 and readership of over 250,000   points out that this so-called group appears to consiste of only a single person, Sherry Sylvester. This is supported by the fact that she is the only person ever mentioned as part of the group on their own pages or on any Google produced reference to the site. Speaking of Google, "Texas Media Watch" produces less than 2,000 hits. For a group focused on media and publicity, this is a paltry number of hits. Therefore, the fails a reasonable test for notability. The page was created by a user who wishes to add quotes from them into a NPOV section of Houston Chronicle. Johntex 03:23, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment The Texas Media Watch's web site indicates that Ms. Sylvester is an award winning journalist who was once the Political Writer at the San Antonio Express-News. . Some of the Google hits are actual articles from notable newspaper and media outlets in Texas. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 04:07, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. First of all, the "organization" (well, website) appears to be defunct.  The sole contributor "stepped down" shortly after the 2004 election, and no further newsletters have been published since then.  Its claims as an independent, unbiased source should be viewed skeptically, as it was funded by a major Republican operative in Texas (David Hartman).  Other than the fact that the writer was a journalist, what makes it significantly different from a blog? --Tabor 04:28, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment According to your link (which goes to a fully functioning website BTW), Sylvester wrote "I am stepping down as Director of Texas Media Watch on December 1, 2004, but this project is slated to continue." (emphasis added). I have updated the article to reflect that Sylvester is no longer with the group. Rangerdude 04:33, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Ah, TMW said it would continue.  Well, I'm just looking at the fact that Sherry Sylvester is the only byline I found on any articles on the site, that she is no longer involved, and that what was once a weekly newsletter has not brought forth a single issue in the 6 months since her resignation.  Clearly we'll just have to take TMW's word that it is a vibrant, functioning media criticism organization. --Tabor 04:46, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Regardless of what your original research into the site's editing history indicates, what they publish is what we have to go by. Otherwise you are assuming a status for the organization that it has not announced for itself. Rangerdude 04:54, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * No, for the purposes of this VfD it is entirely legitimate to look under the covers and see what is really going on. This is basically a defunct blog of minor notability. The article itself can certainly repeat the claim that it will reopen. -Willmcw 04:58, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment the VFD process on this article was initiated with no discussion, no comment on the article itself, and only a few minutes after its creation. The editor who proposed this deletion is currently involved in a dispute over using Texas Media Watch (TMW) as a source on the Houston Chronicle article and has inserted several POV comments to disparage TMW there. Based on these reasons, this VfD is IMO premature and inappropriately called. It should also be noted that the article cited by Johntex from the Austin Chronicle as a basis for his VfD (found here for anyone who wants to see it ) is a rabidly partisan rant replete with namecalling and attacks on the "hard rightist" columnists published by TMW's parent group, the Lone Star Foundation. It's highly questionable to me whether we should be evaluating the propriety of this article based solely on such a blatantly POV attack piece on the organization. Rangerdude 04:20, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment It is not at all uncommon for articles to be nominated for VfD within minutes of their creation. The topic is unnotable as shown by the small number of Google hits.  What would be the point of waiting?  Johntex 04:40, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete From what I can tell, this organization is one person writing about what other people have written. Unless that person has had a great influence on the media or people's opinions (something which is not evidenced in the article), I don't see how it is notable enough to include in an encyclopedia. Xcali 04:43, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Comment' The latest posting I can find on their website is from November 2004 stating that Sylvester is stepping aside. The "upcoming events" section of the website is blank.  She/They do not seem to be an active concern at the moment. Rangerdude, who created the TMW article, would like to claim this is an issue of bias of some sort, but it is really about a non-notable "group" he wishes to reference in his arguments because he agrees with their (her) point of view.  Johntex 04:47, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment That is not for us to decide. I stated that this is an issue of bias on your part because the record shows clearly that it is indeed just that. After I used TMW as a source for a very brief quote on the Houston Chronicle page, you attempted to qualify it through disparaging POV language here, here , and here all based upon a single rabidly partisan opinion diatribe from the Austin Chronicle located here . Rangerdude 04:54, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment rather than a lengthy explanation of the bias you have added to the Houston Chronicle article - I will simply point out that your above staement has no bearing on whether Texas Media Watch is worthy of an article. Johntex 05:16, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Your POV edits speak for themself, Johntex, as do my attempts to restore neutrality following them. Whether you believe so or not, they have direct bearing on this VfD process since your case for removing this article is premised entirely upon the same partisan rant from the Austin Chronicle that you were attempting to insert with POV commentary into the Houston Chronicle article. Furthermore, since I created and proposed the TMW article as an alternative for the placement of your and Katefan's passages about TMW and Sylvester, which did not belong in the middle of the Houston Chronicle article where you placed them, the dispute on Houston Chronicle is a directly relevant reason in favor of retaining the TMW article. Rangerdude 05:46, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment You have produced zero evidence to counter the Austin Chronicle's claim that it was a "one-woman" shop. (Even liberal publications are right sometimes - and the Austin Chronicle appears to be right this time, as evidenced by the fact that no one but her has ever appeared in association with the website, and the fact that the website has not been updated once in the 6 months since her departure).  Furthermore, you continue to ignore the compelling evidence that her web site gets low Google hits, as I pointed out in my VfD nomination.  Do you have anything to say that is on topic here?  Johntex 05:58, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment To the contrary. The fact that it is operated by the Lone Star Foundation indicates that it was more than a "one woman" shop. Nor did the Austin Chronicle ever establish that it was - they merely speculated that it was in a rabidly partisan editorial piece of suspect credibility in its own right. Nor is your unscientific google survey "compelling evidence" by any reasonable measure. Do you have anything to say that legitimately justifies this article's deletion beyond your own bias against what the group said about the Chronicle? Rangerdude 06:15, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable. Force10 05:02, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 05:54, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, defunct minor blog. -Willmcw 05:57, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Make that a "defunct, minor, short-lived (two years) blog. Per Simon Cursitor, if anyone wants to redirect the info to  Sherry Sylvester that might not be bad either. Sylvester is apparently a journalist-turned-Communications Director who is mentioned in the minimally-verifiable blogs of others. It sounds like she'll be a spokesperson for an upcoming gubernatorial campaign in New Jersey. There may be enough verifiable information to make a biography. -Willmcw 07:00, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable blog.  U$er 06:05, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Query: is Ms.Sylvester worthy of an entry ? If so, can this not be rewritten around her, with context of her award-winning journalism, and a redirect posted from a TMW title ? --Simon Cursitor 06:46, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * As author of the original, I would not object to a redirect to an article on Sylvester in its place. Rangerdude 07:22, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I think it is an intriguing idea. However, she still does not seem that notable.  571 Google hits, assuming they are all for the same person.  Johntex 07:35, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Per WP:BIO google hits are not a criterion for establishing or refuting significance. Circulation figures, however, are and the minimum threshold is 5,000. Sylvester was the political reporter at the San Antonio Express News - a major daily paper with circulation in the hundreds of thousands. That alone is sufficient. Rangerdude 15:45, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * CommentThat is incorrect. WP:BIO does not say google hits are not a criterion for establishing/refuting significance.  To the contrary, WP:BIO specifically mentions checking Google as an alternative test.  Please read the page you are citing.  Johntex 21:05, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * From WP:BIO: "Other tests for inclusion that have been proposed include...google test." This does not in any way espouse, establish, sanction, or give credibility to a google test. Following the google test link, one immediately finds that (1) unlike WP:BIO, it is NOT an official wikipedia guideline and (2) substantial reason exists to question its accuracy including a "google bias" that openly concedes its accuracy problems, issues pertaining to its validity, and notice that other search engines may be more accurate and have a wider sample of sites. Rangerdude 21:23, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * From WP:POL - the definition of a guideline is "informal rules of thumb that are generally accepted by consensus to apply in many cases". Simply put, you are elevating a Wikipedia guideline to a level of canon that it simply does not enjoy.  It is a fact that Google tests are allowed as an indication of notability.  It is also a fact that no one is forced to use them.  It is also a fact that you have to consider what you are Googling when interpreting the results.  Common sense is that a topic relating to the media in the US would be expected to get a lot of media hits. Therefore, a low Google hit rate is relevant here, and allowed by Wikipedia.  By the way, if Google searches are so bad, why have you (in just the past 24 hours) cited them several times when you felt they supported your view?  Johntex 21:56, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Wrong. I have repeatedly noted that WP:BIO is a guideline, albeit a formal wikipedia guideline. That may not be an official policy, but it is a step below an official policy and many steps above your silly "google test" which aren't official for anything and have multiple disclaimers of their own warning about the dangers of using them as a determinant. Rangerdude 22:10, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, being used to make political points, non-notable. RickK 19:45, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with RickK --Neigel von Teighen 22:12, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Charles Swasey

Charles H. Swasey (June 21, 1839-October 4, 1862) was an officer in the United States Navy who was killed in action during the American Civil War.

Biography
Born in Massachusetts, Swasey was appointed midshipman on 28 September 1854, and commissioned lieutenant on 31 August 1861. Swasey served aboard USS Varuna (1861) in the engagement with the steamer CSS Governor Moore below New Orleans, Louisiana, on 24 April 1862. He then served as executive officer of USS Sciota (1861) on the West Gulf Blockading Squadron. Lieutenant Swasey was wounded during an engagement with Confederate forces near Donaldsonville, Louisiana, on 4 October 1862, and died the same day.

He is buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Taunton, Massachusetts.

Namesakes
Two ships have been named USS Swasey in his honor.

title: Charles Swasey


text: User talk:202.74.200.209

title: User talk:202.74.200.209


text:
Canal Bridge

The following bridges are known as Canal Bridge:

 * The Hood Canal Bridge in Washington
 * The Ship Canal Bridge in Seattle, Washington
 * The Charles River Dam Bridge in Boston, Massachusetts
 * The Canal Bridge near Radcot Bridge, Oxfordshire, England
 * The Elbe Canal Bridge in Magdeburg, Germany

title: Canal Bridge


text:
User:Ohwilleke

Ohwilleke, aka Andrew Oh-Willeke, is an attorney, with a strong interest in science and politics, who was a mathematics major as an undergraduate. He lives in Denver, Colorado.

title: User:Ohwilleke


text:
The Drowners

"The Drowners" is the debut single of English rock band Suede, released on 11 May 1992 on Nude Records. It was later included on the band's debut album, Suede (1993). "The Drowners" charted at number 49 on the UK Singles Chart.

Background
Though not a hit at first, it amassed airplay over time and has become one of the band's definitive singles. Two different videos were produced for the song, one on rotation in the UK and the other created for the American market. The cover art features a seventies photo of German model Veruschka body-painted with a man's suit.

Legacy
In a retrospective review of the song, Troy Carpenter of AllMusic wrote: "'The Drowners' itself is a raucous anthem, lassoed by Bernard Butler's punctuated guitar riff. Singer Brett Anderson's ambiguous lyrics ("We kiss in his room/to a popular tune") and high-pitched croon recall Bowie's most theatrical moments, but in a different musical setting." It garnered much acclaim from NME and Melody Maker, who both voted the song single of the year.

In 2014, NME ranked the song at number 104 in its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. "The Drowners" was placed at number 40 in a 2016 poll of "The 100 Greatest Alternative Singles of the '90s" by music site PopMatters.

Cover versions
The song was covered by Bristol space rock band Flying Saucer Attack. B-side "My Insatiable One", was covered by Morrissey during his 1992 world tour. The song was covered in concert by the Manic Street Preachers. Bernard Butler played two songs at the same gig but contrary to many reports did not join them for The Drowners – a recording was released as a B-side to their single "She Is Suffering" in late 1994.

Track listings
All songs were written by Brett Anderson and Bernard Butler.

UK 7-inch single
 * A. "The Drowners" (radio edit)
 * AA. "To the Birds"

UK 12-inch and CD single
 * 1) "The Drowners"
 * 2) "To the Birds"
 * 3) "My Insatiable One"

European maxi-CD single
 * 1) "The Drowners"
 * 2) "Where the Pigs Don't Fly"
 * 3) "He's Dead"
 * 4) "My Insatiable One" (piano version)

US CD single
 * 1) "The Drowners" – 4:10
 * 2) "My Insatiable One" – 2:57
 * 3) "To the Birds" – 5:23
 * 4) "The Big Time" – 4:27
 * 5) "He's Dead" (live at Glastonbury, June 1993) – 5:31

Japanese CD compilation
 * 1) "The Drowners"
 * 2) "To the Birds"
 * 3) "My Insatiable One"
 * 4) "Metal Mickey"
 * 5) "Where the Pigs Don't Fly"
 * 6) "He's Dead"

title: The Drowners


text:
Talk:K'Vort class starship

Edit war
Please discontinue edit warring over whether this should be a redirect or not. Please instead discuss here and come to a consensus. I would also ask that editors refrain from characterizing edits pertaining to a content dispute or significance dispute as "vandalism". Kelly Martin 03:26, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

Merge
It is accepted policy to merge stuff like this. Please see the following links.

 * Votes_for_deletion/Hokule%27a_class_starship
 * Categories_for_deletion

Also please see the List of Star Trek races page which was formed from a number of stub pages which were merged. AlistairMcMillan 03:41, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Also Fiction. AlistairMcMillan 03:58, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:K'Vort class starship


text:
Nogo, Missouri

Nogo (also Mulroy) is a former town in Greene County, Missouri, United States, on old U.S. Route 66. The site is now completely inside the city of Strafford.

The name derived from the inability to name the town and someone made the comment that it was "a no-go." The name "Nogo" then became the name of the town.

title: Nogo, Missouri


text:
Fairfield High School (New South Wales)

Fairfield High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in Fairfield, a south-western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1955 through the merge of two adjacent single-sex high schools: Fairfield Boys High School and Fairfield Girls High School, the school caters for approximately 1,100 students from Year 7 to Year 12. The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education.

Overview
Fairfield High School is a comprehensive local high school located in the heart of the City of Fairfield. Situated in the south western suburbs of Sydney, the school is located on the fringe of the Fairfield Central business district along The Horsley Drive. On the opposite side of the road is the Fairfield Public School and many students graduate from the public school into the high school.

There is a large footbridge (Eva Wesley Stone Pedestrian Bridge) over the Horsley Drive which allows safe access over the road. The $2 million bridge was opened in March 2002 and was named after Eva Wesley Stone, a centenarian Fairfield resident who attended Fairfield Public School and had died in 2001 at the age of 106.

Fairfield High School offers a comprehensive education in a coeducational setting following the NSW curriculum. It contains an Intensive English Centre which caters for newly arrived students from overseas. The school provides for the needs of these students on entry into the Australian high school setting.

Fairfield is one of the most densely populated suburbs in Sydney containing residents from all over the world. The community is one of the most multicultural communities in Sydney.

Logo Design
Fairfield High School in 2016 underwent a rebranding process changing the logo and uniforms. The current logo is designed by western Sydney designer Michael Schepis, creative director at Handle Branding.

The new branding and identity draws from its past evolutions and further references the historic Lansdowne Bridge and the bridging of the community and the schools as Fairfield was once divided into an all boys and all girls school.

Campus
The Fairfield High School building is also used for adult education classes through MacArthur Community College.

Notable alumni

 * Mark Aaronsjournalist and author
 * Jelena DokićAustralian/Serbian tennis player
 * Wayne MertonAustralian politician, Minister for Justice 1992–1993 and an elected member for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
 * Isaac Ntiamoahathlete; represented Australia at the 2012 Olympics
 * Mar Mari EmmanuelAncient Assyrian Church of the East bishop and influencer

title: Fairfield High School (New South Wales)


text: User talk:210.3.39.30

title: User talk:210.3.39.30


text: File:ASeriesOfSneaks.jpg

title: File:ASeriesOfSneaks.jpg