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User:Ric man

Ric de France (a.k.a ric_man)

I've been visiting the wikipedia web site for a while now, and I even started off an article on emerge, but that was before I knew how to register, or had confidence in what I was doing.

Interests

 * Gentoo Linux: The laziest way to administer a Linux system
 * Open Source: A better way of developing software
 * Linux on a Toshiba P20: A page I wrote about getting Linux on a Toshiba P20 "Desknote"
 * Subaru Forester: the car I drive
 * Bicycles: My main form of transport

Likes

 * Guinness Stout and Mountain Goat Beer Steam Ale
 * Video games on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch, and that run on Linux (with Lutris).
 * Board games, and card games that act like board games.
 * Movies with car chases and kung fu fights (eg. The Matrix films)
 * Hungarian Vizsla

Dislikes

 * Wasting money with proprietary software that have (usually better) Open Source equivalents
 * Bureaucracy and "over-engineering" a solution
 * Inertia in major organisations
 * People that stuff up, don't admit it, don't try to fix it, but instead attempt to play it down or cover it up
 * People that have closed minds to other possibilities
 * People or processes that remove my freedom

Wikipedia stuff

 * Images ric_man has uploaded to wikipedia

title: User:Ric man


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Catalyst (TV program)

Catalyst is an Australian science journalism television program broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). The program is currently the only science show on primetime television in Australia. Launched in 2001, it replaced Quantum (TV series) which had ceased the previous year. Catalyst was regularly broadcast on ABC TV at 8:30 pm on Tuesdays and repeated at 6:00 pm on Sundays.

Overview
The show broadcasts stories on scientific themes, and in particular significant recent developments and discoveries. It focuses primarily on stories relevant to Australia, but the series covers international developments as well. It attempts to convey information in a way that is not only accurate but also interesting and informative to the general population, often discussing the ethical, political and other implications of scientific discoveries and research as well as the discoveries themselves.

The show's website describes it as follows:

"'Catalyst, Australia's flagship weekly science program, showcases Australian and global science discoveries that impact us all. At Catalyst we know that scientific discovery and the use of scientific knowledge is a dynamic force that can inspire and activate us. With our exciting mix of science genres viewers are exposed to extraordinary topics, empowering us all to improve our lives through a better understanding of how science shapes our world.'

Each week Catalyst brings you stories from Australia and around the world.

Our passion to meet scientists at the forefront of discovery is matched by our fascination with science breakthroughs however big or small.

Science changes all our lives.

For better or worse, we are committed to showing you what our future holds."

Prime examples of Catalyst featured segments include "Corporate Psychopaths", "The Truth About Vitamins", and "Smell and Schizophrenia".

The show originally was broadcast in a 30-minute format. Following a series of controversies and an internal review of the program, the ABC announced in November 2016 that Catalyst would shift to a 60-minute format starting in 2017.

The new format utilises out-of-house experts in their respective fields, presenting 60-minute in depth documentaries. Episodes have included "The Great Australian Bee Challenge", "Bionic Revolution", "Feeding Australia" and "The Secret To Making Better Decisions".

Staff
Over Catalyst's history, staff have included:

Presenters and reporters

 * Paul West, former chef and farmer
 * Dr Caroline West, GP
 * Dr Sarah McKay, neuroscientist.
 * Prof Tamara Davis, astrophysicist
 * Dr Preeya Alexander, GP
 * Dr Ann Jones, 'nature nerd'
 * Angharad “Rad” Yeo, technology reporter
 * Matt Okine, comedian and actor
 * Tom Gleeson, comedian and physics grad
 * Myf Warhurst
 * Dr Garnett Hall, veterinarian
 * Dr Niraj Lal, energy researcher and author
 * Lily Serna, mathematician
 * Nikki Stamp, cardiothoracic and transplant surgeon
 * Brad McKay, GP
 * Dr Joanna McMillan, dietitian
 * Dr Shalin Naik, stem cell biologist
 * Derek Muller, physicist
 * Jonica Newby, veterinarian
 * Jordan Nguyen, biomedical engineer
 * Graham Phillips, astrophysicist
 * Anja Taylor
 * Maryanne Demasi, science journalist, medical research scientist
 * Alan Duffy, astronomer
 * Tim Flannery, palaeontologist and environmental activist

Researchers

 * Dominique Pile
 * Amy Sherden
 * Ariane Hall
 * Claire Smith

Controversy
A series of episodes ("Heart of the Matter", parts 1 and 2) broadcast in October 2013 which questioned the link between saturated fat, cholesterol and heart disease, as well as the widespread use of anti-cholesterol drugs known as statins, came under criticism from doctors and the National Heart Foundation of Australia. The foundation estimates that in the wake of those episodes up to 55,000 patients may have stopped taking their medication, leading to a potential increase in heart attacks and strokes over the next five years. In May 2014 the ABC removed both episodes from its website, after an internal review found that the second episode (but not the first) involved one breach of ABC standards on impartiality and there was a problem of omission of important information.

"Wi-Fried?", an episode broadcast in February 2016 featuring American epidemiologist Devra Davis, courted further controversy by claiming that electromagnetic radiation emitted by devices such as mobile phones lead to an increased risk of brain cancer in heavy users, contrary to the mainstream view that exposure to such emissions is largely safe. The show faced criticism from local experts, viewers and scientists disputing the episode's claims, with public health professor Simon Chapman stating that "this is not the first time Catalyst have aired a questionable episode, and there really needs to be a review of their editorial process". An investigation by the ABC's independent Audience and Consumer Affairs Unit found that the episode breached editorial policies standards on accuracy and impartiality, later leading to the withdrawal of the episode from the ABC website. The controversy led to the temporary suspension of reporter Dr. Maryanne Demasi from the show and is the second time since Heart of the Matter, Parts 1 and 2 to have breached editorial standards. It also led to the ABC reviewing the future strategy and direction of the program, leading to format changes for the following series.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Catalyst (TV program)


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WTRF-TV

WTRF-TV (channel 7) is a television station licensed to Wheeling, West Virginia, United States, serving the Wheeling, West Virginia–Steubenville, Ohio market as an affiliate of CBS, MyNetworkTV, and ABC. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group and maintains studios on 16th Street in downtown Wheeling; its transmitter is located in Bridgeport, Ohio.

WTRF-TV was the first station to specifically serve Wheeling and Steubenville, beginning broadcasting in 1953. It was originally an NBC affiliate before switching to CBS in January 1980. In the 2000s, it expanded to add two new subchannel services.

History
Tri-City Broadcasting Corporation, owner of radio stations WTRF (1290 AM) and WTRF-FM 100.5 across the Ohio River in Bellaire, Ohio, applied to the Federal Communications Commission on April 13, 1948, for a construction permit to build a television station on channel 12, then assigned to Wheeling. Another application was made by radio station WWVA, but before a hearing could be held, the FCC declared a freeze on TV construction permits that was to last four years. The WTRF stations moved to Wheeling proper in 1950, and the application was amended to follow suit; it also was changed to specify channel 7 after the FCC lifted the freeze. WWVA instead opted to pursue channel 9 in Steubenville, Ohio, but two other groups—one consisting of radio station WKWK (1400 AM) and the News Publishing Company and the other being Polan Industries of Huntington, West Virginia—also sought channel 7 after the freeze. Polan opted to abandon the hearing and won a permit for UHF channel 51; to expedite the construction of a station in Wheeling, Tri-City and WKWK merged their applications, with the two groups combining. The construction permit was granted on April 22, 1953, and WTRF-TV signed on six months later, on October 24. The station made its start date despite fears that it would not be able to begin airing programming because of several parts that failed at the last minute. It carried programming from all three major networks of the day-NBC, CBS and ABC-but was a primary NBC affiliate. It lost CBS when WSTV-TV (channel 9, now WTOV-TV) signed on in December.

Tri-City sold the radio stations to John Kluge in 1954, with Tri-City retaining channel 7 and the WTRF call sign. The Dix family, stockholders in Tri-City and publishers of several Ohio newspapers and owners of radio stations in Ohio and Virginia, acquired majority control in 1959. WTRF-TV was sold along with the second WTRF-FM (107.5) in 1969 to Forward Communications of Wausau, Wisconsin, for $7 million. During the 1970s, two reporters with futures in network news started their careers at WTRF-TV: Faith Daniels, later an anchor for NBC and CBS, and Bob Orr, later of CBS News. Also in this decade, the cable system in Canton, Ohio began carrying WTRF-TV because it frequently aired Cleveland Browns games that Cleveland-area stations had to black out under National Football League blackout rules of the time.

In 1979, citing the erosion of NBC's ratings in the preceding years, WTRF-TV announced it would switch to CBS on April 1, 1980. It ruled out ABC, then the leading network, because 56 percent of its market was served by cable systems that put Pittsburgh's ABC affiliate, WTAE-TV, next to WTRF-TV on subscribers' dials. General manager Charles E. Sherman, citing the loyalty of many viewers to NBC, called the change the hardest decision he'd ever had to make. The change was brought forward to January 7, 1980; WTOV-TV switched from CBS to NBC, deciding against a bid from ABC. At that time, WTRF-TV was the leading station in the market. A three-story addition was built to the studio facility in 1980.

Forward was sold in late 1984 to Wesray Capital Corporation, which retained the Forward name for its media holdings. Wesray sold the Forward stations to Adams Communications in 1988. The Forward deal left Adams highly leveraged and ill-prepared to confront declines in the value of broadcast properties, prompting it to default on $283 million of debt in 1991. Brissette Broadcasting was formed the next year when Paul Brissette, who had been the vice president of Adams Communications's television stations division, bought out the business for $257 million. Four years later, in a $270 million merger, Brissette was folded into Benedek Broadcasting after the company was unable to expand by adding stations.

Before Benedek declared bankruptcy in 2002, a weak advertising market in the early 2000s recession had already led the company to sell WTRF-TV to West Virginia Media Holdings (WVMH). WVMH was a new group led by Bray Cary that was buying media properties, primarily in television, in major West Virginia markets. In May of that year, WVMH closed on the $18.5 million purchase of the Wheeling station and the $40.5 million acquisition of WOWK-TV in Charleston.

In 2007, WTRF launched its second digital subchannel, "Fox Ohio Valley", as a Fox and secondary MyNetworkTV affiliate. WVMH added Fox subchannels to WTRF-TV and WVNS-TV in the Bluefield/Beckley market; Cary had known the executives from his prior sports media work with NASCAR and Creative Sports. The next year, the region's first full-time ABC affiliate, "ABC Ohio Valley", launched as an additional subchannel. On September 1, 2014, WTRF lost the Fox affiliation on 7.2 to WTOV. The subchannel's secondary affiliation with MyNetworkTV then became its primary, rebranding as "My Ohio Valley". These subchannels were originally broadcast in standard definition from the WTRF-TV transmitter and in high definition to the immediate Wheeling area on WVTX-CD (channel 28), which WTRF leased for this purpose until its spectrum was sold in 2017.

On November 17, 2015, Nexstar Broadcasting Group announced that it would purchase the West Virginia Media Holdings stations, including WTRF-TV, for $130 million. Under the terms of the deal, Nexstar assumed control of the stations through a time brokerage agreement in December 2015, with the sale of the license assets completed on January 31, 2017.

News operation
WTRF-TV produces morning, noon, early evening and late newscasts from its Wheeling studio. The My Ohio Valley subchannel airs a dedicated 10 p.m. newscast. The ABC subchannel simulcasts the weekday editions of 7News at 6 a.m., noon, 6 and 11 p.m. The news staff has been unionized since 1988, when workers voted to join the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

title: WTRF-TV


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Chenouas

The Chenouis or Chenoua (شناوة, Berber: Icenwiyen) are a Berber ethnic group native to the Chenoua Mountains in northern Algeria. They traditionally inhabit areas between the east of Ténès to the west of Cherchell. The Chenoui people number about 106,000. They speak the Shenwa language, a Northern Berber language that is closely related to the Shawiya language and Zenata varieties spoken by Berbers of the Aures mountains in Eastern Algeria and the Rif region. The Shenwa language has about 76,000 speakers.

Geographical distribution
The Chenoui traditional territory includes the province of Tipaza, parts of the Chlef province and the north of the province of Ain Defla, and thus are called in reference to the Mount Chenoua which dominates the city of Tipaza, 70 km west of Algiers.

The region is part of the greater Dahra region, a long mountainous region along the Meditternean coasts, separated from the Ouarsenis range by the Chelif river and its valley. It expands from 8 km north of Mostaganem until the Algiers Sahel with its highest point being Mount Zaccar (Miliana).

The Chenoua Mount region, highest point of the Algiers Sahel, is the most eastern part of the Chenoui speaking region going from Fouka (42 km west of Algiers) until Tenès (200 km west of Algiers) or even heading further west till Ouled Boughalem in the past. Some people call them the Chelhas of the Tell or even Kabyles of the west.

title: Chenouas


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James L. Key

James Lee Key (1867–1939) was a lawyer who served a total of four terms as the 45th and 48th Mayor of Atlanta.

Early years
James L. Key was born in DeKalb County, Georgia on July 27, 1867, and educated in the public schools. He initially took up the practice of law in the city of Atlanta, in the 1890s.

Political career
By 1902, Key was an Atlanta city councilman representing the Sixth Ward. He ran for mayor in 1904 and 1918 first losing to, then defeating, James G. Woodward. He was easily re-elected in the 1920 election. During that second term, he established Atlanta's first City Planning Commission and issued bonds to build the Spring St. viaduct (completed December 20, 1923).

He did not run for re-election in 1922, and when he did run in 1924, he lost.

In 1930, Key was elected to a third term in the wake of the Atlanta graft ring scandal and early in that term he made public statements against Prohibition and the blue law bans of Sunday baseball games and Sunday movies. This precipitated a recall vote in 1932 that he would have lost if not for support from the black community. He was instrumental in getting Harry Hopkins and his WPA program to update the city sewer system and nearly a million dollars to remodel the Atlanta Municipal Auditorium and Cyclorama building. Key won a fourth term in 1934. Herbert T. Jenkins, Sr. who named a son after the mayor, was an aide and driver for Key. Jenkins later served as Chief of Police of the Atlanta Police Department for 26 years, from 1947 to 1973.

By the time he was campaigning for his fifth term, against William B. Hartsfield in 1936, the nearly 70-year-old Key was accused of spending only an hour a day at his office and lost a contentious race.

Death and legacy
James L. Key died in 1939 after finally seeing the end of Prohibition.

The James L. Key Elementary School was named for the late mayor in 1963. Located at the intersection of Memorial Drive and Stovall Street, the school was closed in the 1990s.

The former James L. Key Golf Course, in Atlanta, was named in his honor. The golf course, along with many old Victorian-era homes in the Grant Park neighborhood were demolished in the late 1950s to make way for Interstate 20.

title: James L. Key


text: Category:Real tennis

title: Category:Real tennis


text:
User talk:Arununni

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk

 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not, How to write a great article

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk to me

title: User talk:Arununni


text:
User talk:Rajahussainsnd

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk

 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not, How to write a great article

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk to me

title: User talk:Rajahussainsnd


text:
Brian Morris, Baron Morris of Castle Morris

Brian Robert Morris, Baron Morris of Castle Morris, (4 December 1930 – 30 April 2001), was a British poet, critic and professor of literature. He became the Labour Party's deputy chief whip and education spokesman in the House of Lords.

Born and educated in Cardiff, Morris went on, after national service with the Welsh Regiment, to read English at Worcester College, Oxford. He stayed on at Oxford as a tutor in Old and Middle English while doing his doctorate on John Cleveland, the Cavalier poet. In 1955, he married Sandra James, and they had two children.

His major promotion came in 1971 when he began his decade as professor of English literature at Sheffield University, in succession to William Empson. From 1964 to 1986, he was general editor of the New Mermaid dramatists, and from 1974 to 1982 of the New Arden Shakespeare. He also edited the poems of Cleveland and the plays of John Ford, while using his acquired administrative skills on the board of the National Portrait Gallery. These skills were fully tested when, in 1980, he was named principal of what was then St David's University College, the smallest and most endangered part of the University of Wales. Retaining a home in Derbyshire, he saw his Lampeter appointment as an opportunity to get back in touch with his roots.

In addition to literary criticism such as his study of Harri Webb (1993) for the University of Wales Press in the "Writers of Wales" series, his publications included several poetry collections, including Tide-Race (1976), Dear Tokens (1987) and The Waters of Comfort (1998). His collected poems were published in the year of his death by Rare Books & Berry Ltd.

In 1990, Morris was made a life peer with the title Baron Morris of Castle Morris, of St Dogmaels in the County of Dyfed, expanding his name – to distinguish it from an earlier Baron Morris – by adding "of Castle Morris", a small and largely insignificant hamlet between Fishguard and St David's and actually spelt Castlemorris. He justified his appointment to the unelected body by pointing out "Manchester United football team isn't chosen by popular vote".

A brilliant and respected speech writer, his speeches in the house were sprinkled with quotations from Shakespeare, Goldsmith, Juvenal and Alexander Pope. When Morris reminded the Tories of the saying "Whom God wishes to destroy, he first sends mad," he used the original Latin.

Morris never forgot his Welsh roots, and was a nationalist sympathiser. Whilst he never was a fluent speaker of the Welsh language, he fought for its legal status in the nation.

Later in his political career, Morris was marginalised within the Labour Party for being too 'Old Labour' by supporters of the new party leader Tony Blair. Prior to Labour's 1997 election win, a fellow Labour politician, Bernard Donoughue, commented in his diary that Morris was among the academics who "have never operated on the national stage and are desperately keen to get there".

Morris died aged 70 from leukaemia in 2001.


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Frederico Viegas

Frederico Viegas (born 25 October 1974) is a former professional race car driver born in Portugal.

Having started his career in karting during 1991, Viegas went on to win the Portuguese and European Formula Ford titles in 1992 and 1993 respectively, always driving for Swift. In 1994, he competed in German Formula Three for the KMS team, driving in the Italian Superformula Championship during 1995. His last full racing season was the Portuguese Renault Mégane Trophy in 1997.

title: Frederico Viegas


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Emile Habibi

Emile Shukri Habibi (إميل حبيبي, אמיל חביבי, 28 January 1922 – 2 May 1996) was a Palestinian-Israeli writer of Arabic literature and a politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the communist parties Maki and Rakah.

Biography
Habibi was born in Haifa on 28 January 1922, into an Anglican Christian, Palestinian Arab family. His family had originally belonged to the Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem but converted to Anglicanism due to disputes within the Orthodox church. In his early life, he worked on an oil refinery and later was a radio announcer.

Under the Mandate he became one of the leaders of the Palestine Communist Party. When the 1948 Arab-Israeli War began, he remained in Haifa and became an Israeli citizen. After the war, he helped to create the Communist Party of Israel and established the communist paper Al-Ittihad.

In 1956, he moved from Haifa to Nazareth and remained there for the rest of his life. He died in 1996 in Nazareth, but in his will, he expressed his wish to be buried in his beloved home, Haifa. His will also asked that his tombstone include the phrase "remained in Haifa."

Political career
Habibi was one of the leaders of the Palestine Communist Party during the Mandate era. He supported the 1947 UN Partition Plan. When Israel became a state he helped form the Israeli Communist Party (Maki). He served in the Knesset between 1951 and 1959, and again from 1961 until 1972, first as a member of Maki, before breaking away from the party with Tawfik Toubi and Meir Vilner to found Rakah. In 1991, after a conflict about how the party should deal with the new policies of Mikhail Gorbachev, he left the party.

Journalism and literary writings
"Habibi became one of the most popular authors in the Middle East as a result of works depicting the conflicts in loyalties experienced by Palestinians living as an Arab minority in the Jewish state of Israel. In such works as Strange Events in the Disappearance of Said Abu al-Nahs al-Mutashael (1974), the most notable of his seven novels, he explored the duality of those Arabs who, like himself, did not leave their homeland during the 1948–49 Arab-Israeli war."

Habibi began writing short stories in the 1950s, and his first story, The Mandelbaum Gate was published in 1954, though he did not resume literary writing until the late 1960s.

In 1972 he resigned from the Knesset in order to write his first novel: The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist, which became a classic in modern Arabic literature. The book depicts the life of a Palestinian, employing black humour and satire. It was based on the traditional anti-hero Said in Arab literature. In a playful way it deals with how it is for Arabs to live in Israel, and how one who has nothing to do with politics is drawn into it. He followed this by other books, short stories and a play. His last novel, published in 1992, was Saraya, the Ogre's Daughter. In it he has a character state: "'There is no difference between Christian and Muslim: we are all Palestinian in our predicament'"

Literary prizes
In 1990, Habibi received the Al-Quds Prize from the PLO. In 1992, he received the Israel Prize for Arabic literature. His willingness to accept both reflected his belief in coexistence, though his acceptance of the Israel Prize set off a debate among the Arabic intellectual community. Habibi was accused of legitimizing what they considered Israel's "anti-Arab" policy. Habibi replied to the accusations: "A dialogue of prizes is better than a dialogue of stones and bullets," he said. "It is indirect recognition of the Arabs in Israel as a nation. This is recognition of a national culture. It will help the Arab population in its struggle to strike roots in the land and win equal rights".

Published works
1969: Sudāsiyyat al-ayyām al-sittah

1974: Al-Waqāʾiʿ al-gharībah fī 'khtifāʾ Saʿīd Abī 'l-Naḥsh al-Mutashāʾil (translated as The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist)

1976: Kafr Qāsim (Kafr Kassem)

1980: Lakʿ bin Lakʿ (play)

1991: Khurāfiyyat Sarāyā Bint al-Ghūl (translated as Saraya, the Ogre's Daughter)

title: Emile Habibi


text:
Fit Finlay

David John Finlay Jr. (Daithi Eoin Fionnalaigh, born 31 January, 1958) is a Northern Irish retired professional wrestler. He is currently signed with WWE as a trainer/assistant coach. He is best known for his tenures with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) under the ring name Fit Finlay from 1996 to 2000, and Finlay in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) from 2005 to 2010.

Finlay debuted in 1974, and has held over 20 championships around the world throughout his career, including the WCW World Television Championship and the WWE United States Championship.

Early career (1974–1995)
Finlay's first match was for his father's promotion in Glynn in 1974, when he filled in for a wrestler who no-showed. He began wrestling on a full-time basis in Carrickfergus and throughout Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland for the next four years before moving to England in 1978. In England, he wrestled for various companies under the Joint Promotions banner. On a visit to France in August 1980 Finlay made his television debut, teaming with Ian Gilmour as "Scotsmen" to lose to Guy Mercier and Alan Mitchells. Finlay defeated Alan Kilby on 9 June 1982 to win his first title, the Joint Promotions British Heavy Middleweight Championship. He also formed the Riot Squad tag team with Skull Murphy (Peter Northey), together winning the 1982 World of Sport Top Tag Team Tournament. At this time, Finlay's then-wife, "Princess" Paula Valdez, became his manager.

He then won a tournament to crown a new British Light Heavyweight champion and fill the vacant position, defeating Ringo Rigby in the finals. Finlay soon lost the championship, but later pinned Marty Jones to win the World Mid-Heavyweight Championship. He traded it back and forth with Jones for over two years before losing it a final time to Jones via disqualification. He defeated Jones to win Joint Promotions' British Light Heavyweight Championship. In the second half of the 1980s, he defeated Frank 'Chic' Cullen on television for the British Heavy Middleweight Championship, but later lost it to Danny Collins. In 1990 he became a champion at the top of the weight range when he won All Star's British Heavyweight Championship. Finlay often competed on ITV's World of Sport programme as Dave "Fit" Finlay and had many matches against "The American Dream" Steve Adonis.

During this time, Finlay also began to wrestle in Japan, then in Germany and Austria for the European promotion Catch Wrestling Association. While holding the British Heavyweight championship, he teamed with former rival Marty Jones to win the CWA tag title from Tony St. Clair and Mile Zrno. After losing the British championship to Dave Taylor, Finlay began to focus more on the CWA, winning many of their championships.

Finlay teamed with Mark Rocco and Murphy in a 1989 WWF dark match in London, defeating the team of Al Perez, Dusty Wolfe, and Tim Horner.

The Belfast Bruiser (1996)
Finlay made his American wrestling debut in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1996, going by the ring name of The Belfast Bruiser. Finlay made his WCW debut on 27 January episode of Saturday Night by emerging from the stands to viciously attack Lord Steven Regal, with Tony Schiavone stating "It says Northern Ireland on the back of his jacket" as the only means of identification at the time. He then cut a promo to the camera in which he introduced himself and declared that Regal was an "English pig" who was "paying for 400 years" of English-Irish conflict. This marked the beginning of a lengthy feud between the Bruiser and Regal. Bruiser won his first match in WCW on 10 February episode of Saturday Night by defeating enhancement talent Mike Marcello. The feud played out over subsequent Saturday Night episodes in which the Bruiser and Regal's stablemates The Blue Bloods (Squire David Taylor and Earl Robert Eaton) interfered in each other's matches. The Bruiser won a stiff encounter with Regal by disqualification at Uncensored when the Blue Bloods again rushed the ring and assaulted him after Regal suffered a broken nose during the match. The following night on Monday Nitro, Bruiser suffered his first loss in WCW against Randy Savage.

After Regal pinned the Bruiser in a parking lot brawl on 29 April episode of Monday Nitro, the feud died down thereafter. The injuries sustained from the match would lead to Bruiser being removed from his scheduled tag team match with Regal at Slamboree. Finlay would then take a hiatus off WCW television for a stint in Catch Wrestling Association, while abandoning the Belfast Bruiser persona in the process.

World Television Champion (1997–1998)
Finlay returned to WCW on 1 October 1997 by defeating Dave Taylor at a live event. He made his televised return on 25 October episode of Saturday Night as Fit Finlay, sporting a new look of short bleached-blond hair and no mustache. He defeated Barry Houston in his televised return match. He participated in the World War 3 battle royal at the namesake event on 23 November for a future WCW World Heavyweight Championship title shot, but failed to win the match.

He was given a push upon his return winning majority of his matches in the mid-card, which culminated in him pinning Booker T to win the World Television Championship on 4 May 1998 episode of Nitro, thus setting off a three-way feud with Booker and Chris Benoit, who was also vying for the title. Finlay retained the title against Benoit at Slamboree. Finlay also regularly defended the title on weekly WCW television against the likes of Chavo Guerrero Jr., Kaos, The Renegade, Brad Armstrong, Jim Neidhart, Norman Smiley and Psychosis, before losing the World Television Championship back to Booker T at The Great American Bash. Finlay unsuccessfully challenged Booker for the title in a rematch on 2 July episode of Thunder. He received another title shot for the title against Chris Jericho on 17 October episode of Saturday Night but the match ended in a time limit draw.

Shortly after his title loss, Finlay began feuding with Alex Wright, who was angry at Finlay for having ended the wrestling career of his father, Steve Wright, which led to a match between the two at Halloween Havoc, where Finlay was pinned by Wright. However, Finlay defeated Wright in a rematch on 29 October episode of Thunder. Finlay would then team with WCW colleague Jerry Flynn to participate in New Japan Pro-Wrestling's Super Grade Tag League, with their team losing all of their matches in the tournament and coming in last place. He returned from the tour of NJPW in December and then teamed with Flynn against Brian Adams and Scott Norton in a losing effort at Starrcade.

The Hardcore Army (1999–2001)
After defeating Van Hammer at the Souled Out pay-per-view on 17 January 1999, Finlay was randomly paired with Dave Taylor to participate in a tournament for the vacant World Tag Team Championship, where they lost to The Faces of Fear in a lumberjack match in the opening round, thus moving to the Losers' Bracket, where they defeated Billy Kidman and Chavo Guerrero, Jr. in the opening round but lost to Chris Benoit and Dean Malenko in the second round. On 10 June episode of Thunder, Finlay unsuccessfully challenged Rick Steiner for the World Television Championship. In the summer of 1999, Finlay resumed his alliance with Taylor which also expanded to include former rival Steven Regal but the trio did not achieve much success. During that time, Finlay began competing in the emerging hardcore division. At Bash at the Beach, he won a Junkyard Invitational involving Ciclope, Jerry Flynn, Johnny Grunge, Hak, Horace Hogan, Brian Knobbs, Hugh Morrus, La Parka, Steve Regal, Rocco Rock, Silver King, Dave Taylor, and Mikey Whipwreck, winning what was initially announced to be for the "WCW Hardcore Championship", although the actual lineage wouldn’t begin until Mayhem (1999), thus leaving Finlay with a trophy instead of an actual championship.

He legitimately suffered a badly lacerated nerve in his leg during a hardcore match at a house show in Jackson, Mississippi on 25 July 1999, which nearly cost him use of the leg. As he was wrestling Brian Knobbs, he was thrown into a table in the corner of the ring, causing it to shatter and the shards to cut into his leg. He managed to regain use of the limb and would return to WCW at Starrcade by assisting Knobbs in interfering in Norman Smiley's Hardcore Championship title defense against Meng. Finlay unsuccessfully challenged Smiley for the Hardcore Championship on 23 December episode of Thunder. In his continued pursuit of the Hardcore Championship, Finlay began regularly teaming with Knobbs as well. At the 2000 Souled Out event, Finlay unsuccessfully challenged Knobbs for the Hardcore Championship in a four-way match, also involving Smiley and Meng.

Shortly after, Finlay formed a trio of the "Hardcore Army" with Knobbs and The Dog as they defeated 3 Count in a hardcore match on 1 March episode of Thunder. They feuded with Vampiro leading to a falls count anywhere match between Finlay and Vampiro at Uncensored, which Finlay lost. Finlay left wrestling in the summer of 2000 and accepted the position of a backstage road agent for WCW. His final match in WCW was at Millennium Final, where he competed twice, firstly in a battle royal and secondly in an Octoberfest Hardcore match against Norman Smiley in a losing effort. Finlay remained in the company as a road agent until WCW was bought by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 2001.

Trainer (2001–2004)
When WCW was purchased by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF; now WWE), Finlay began working for the company as a trainer for new wrestlers. He trained future WWE champions John Cena and Randy Orton and was eventually put in charge of training the WWE Divas for their matches. In May 2001, he wrestled three matches in Germany and England.

In-ring return and United States Champion (2004–2006)
Finlay began working on a comeback on March 21, 2004, wrestling in a match defeating Jamie Noble at a house show in Glasgow and losing to Heidenreich in a house show in Belfast on October 8, 2004. Promos began airing for his impending in-ring return on 30 December 2005. His gimmick was that of a proud native Irishman who loved to fight. At the age of 47, Finlay made his televised debut on the 20 January 2006 edition of SmackDown! against Matt Hardy, which ended in a disqualification after he refused to break a five-count while pummelling Hardy against the ropes. After the match, Finlay stomped Hardy's face into the ring steps, establishing himself as a villain. This earned him the nickname "The Fighting Irish Bastard".

Finlay continued to establish himself on the SmackDown! roster. During February and March 2006, he feuded with Bobby Lashley that began after he cost Lashley his unbeaten streak by interfering in Lashley's match with JBL at No Way Out. This feud would see the pair brawl on many occasions, including a parking lot segment in which Lashley tried to overturn a car onto Finlay. Later, the pair competed in a Money in the Bank qualifier lumberjack match that Finlay won. During this time, Finlay began to wield a shillelagh as a weapon. On 2 April, Finlay competed at his first WrestleMania, WrestleMania 22. He faced five other WWE superstars from both the Raw and SmackDown! brands in a Money in the Bank ladder match which also included Lashley, who won a last chance battle royal. This match was eventually won by Rob Van Dam. Finlay next entered the King of the Ring tournament on SmackDown!, defeating his first round opponent Chris Benoit before being beaten by his rival Lashley, who advanced to the finals at Judgment Day. Finlay helped the other finalist, Booker T, defeat Lashley in the King of the Ring finals. At the same pay-per-view, Finlay lost to Chris Benoit.

Beginning on the 26 May episode of SmackDown!, Finlay was joined by Little Bastard, who came out from under the ring to attack Finlay's opponents. Finlay then joined forces with William Regal as loyal subjects of the newly renamed King Booker and his Court. Both men were later "knighted" by the King, and Finlay briefly used the name Sir Finlay. During his time as part of the court, Finlay picked up a win against World Heavyweight Champion Rey Mysterio in a non-title match before defeating the court's main foe Bobby Lashley to take Lashley's United States Championship. Finlay defended the championship on several occasions, often with help from Little Bastard, and even defended it against fellow court member William Regal at The Great American Bash. He lost the title to Mr. Kennedy on the 1 September edition of SmackDown! in a Triple Threat match that also involved Bobby Lashley. After the title loss, Finlay continued to attack and wrestle threats to court leader Booker and his newly won World Heavyweight Championship, including Lashley and Batista. Finlay defeated Booker in a non-title singles match and lost in a four-way match at No Mercy for the title. After leaving the court, Finlay continued to feud with Batista. At Armageddon, Finlay and King Booker faced Batista and his partner, WWE Champion John Cena from Raw but were defeated.

Alliance with Hornswoggle (2007–2009)
Shortly after the Royal Rumble, Finlay began a feud with The Boogeyman. At No Way Out, he and Little Bastard defeated The Boogeyman and The Little Boogeyman. Finlay earned a place in the Money in the Bank ladder match at WrestleMania 23; however, Mr. Kennedy won the match. Following this loss, he would feud with Kennedy, after an attack on Little Bastard (now renamed "Hornswoggle") during the Money in the Bank match, and Jamie Noble for assaulting Hornswoggle after he won the Cruiserweight Championship. Finlay's feud, however, would quickly redirect to Kane after Finlay accidentally spilled coffee on him. The two also became involved with Batista and The Great Khali. At Saturday Night's Main Event XXXV, he and Khali lost to Batista and Kane. Kane beat him at SummerSlam. Finlay defeated Kane in a Belfast Brawl rematch a few weeks later.

Finlay and Hornswoggle briefly separated when Hornswoggle was stripped of the Cruiserweight Title, and briefly moving to Raw with his "illegitimate father", Mr. McMahon. Finlay then feuded with Rey Mysterio by attacking him during a confrontational interview with JBL. At No Mercy, Finlay faked an injury after taking a bump to the outside. Once placed on a stretcher, Finlay suddenly rose and attacked Mysterio, forcing Rey to be carried out on the stretcher. The feud continued at Cyber Sunday, where fans voted for the two to face-off in a Stretcher match. Mysterio came out on top, but Finlay retaliated with a victory on the edition of 9 November of SmackDown! The feud intensified further when the two faced on opposite teams at Survivor Series.

Finlay reunited with Hornswoggle by coming to rescue him in a match against The Great Khali, turning both Finlay and Hornswoggle faces. At Armageddon, Finlay was placed in a match with Khali. Finlay scored an upset win after Hornswoggle interfered by hitting Khali in the groin with a shillelagh. Still battling Khali and his translator, Ranjin Singh, with Hornswoggle, he qualified for the Royal Rumble. He drew number 27, but was immediately disqualified when he entered before his time to save Hornswoggle. Hornswoggle, who was also a competitor in the Rumble, was disqualified as well. Finlay fought in the SmackDown Elimination Chamber match at No Way Out, ultimately being pinned after a chokeslam on the steel floor by The Undertaker.

Finlay then began making occasional appearances on Raw to protect Hornswoggle from Mr. McMahon, who had been showing him "tough love". After Hornswoggle was injured by JBL in a steel cage match, JBL revealed that Finlay, and not McMahon, was Hornswoggle's father. A week after, on 3 March, Finlay admitted to this fact. At WrestleMania XXIV he was defeated by JBL in a Belfast Brawl, where Hornswoggle also reappeared.

As part of the 2008 WWE supplemental draft, Finlay was drafted to the ECW brand. He and Hornswoggle challenged The Miz and John Morrison for the WWE Tag Team Championship at Night of Champions, but lost. Throughout the rest of 2008, Finlay challenged for the ECW Championship. He, along with Matt Hardy, Chavo Guerrero, The Miz and ECW Champion Mark Henry participated in the first ever Championship Scramble match at Unforgiven which Matt Hardy won. He defeated Mark Henry on an episode of ECW to earn an opportunity for the ECW championship, but was defeated by champion Matt Hardy. Then he started a feud with Henry, and the feud ended when Finlay defeated Henry in a Belfast Brawl match at Armageddon.

Brand switches and departure (2009–2011)
Finlay entered his third Royal Rumble match at the eponymous pay-per-view on 25 January 2009, where he entered at number 14 and lasted 30 minutes before being eliminated by Kane. At No Way Out, Finlay faced Jack Swagger for the ECW Championship in a losing effort. On 13 March episode of SmackDown, Finlay defeated The Brian Kendrick to qualify for the Money in the Bank ladder match at WrestleMania 25. At the event, Finlay failed to win the match as it was won by CM Punk. In the 2009 Supplemental Draft, Finlay and Hornswoggle were separated when Hornswoggle was drafted to Raw. In late May 2009, Finlay suffered a legitimate eye injury, sidelining him temporarily. He returned on 16 June, attacking ECW Champion Tommy Dreamer, Christian, and Jack Swagger. At The Bash, he participated in a Championship Scramble match for the ECW Championship, which also included Christian, Jack Swagger and Mark Henry, however the defending champion Tommy Dreamer retained. Finlay did not return to ECW after that.

He was traded to the SmackDown brand on 29 June 2009. He went on to form part of John Morrison's team at Survivor Series, but was eliminated by Sheamus, and his team eventually lost. In late 2009, he began pursuing the Intercontinental Championship by feuding with Drew McIntyre, which he failed to win. His final televised match in WWE was on 4 June 2010 episode of the SmackDown where he competed in a 15-man battle royal. He failed to win as the match was won by former rival Rey Mysterio. Between June and October, Finlay worked in house shows. In October 2010, Finlay retired from WWE and became a backstage producer.

Finlay was released by WWE in March 2011 after authorising the interruption of the US national anthem by The Miz during a house show, which offended many, including National Guard members who were in attendance. Finlay stated that his intention was to intensify the audience's dislike of The Miz in preparation for the latter's WrestleMania XXVII main event appearance, but accepted full responsibility for his dismissal.

Independent circuit and retirement (2011–2012)
After being released from WWE, Finlay was contacted by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling several times, but was unable to agree upon contractual terms. He began to wrestle again on the independent circuit, making his first appearance on 26 July 2011, defeating Sami Callihan at Evolve 9.

On 20 August 2011, Finlay made his debut for Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, taking part in the 2011 Battle of Los Angeles tournament. He was eliminated from the tournament in the first round by PWG World Champion Kevin Steen.

On 28 October 2011, Finlay's debut for Yoshihiro Tajiri's Smash promotion was announced, when he was revealed as the mysterious "King of Terror", Michael Kovac had promised to bring to the promotion and named first ever Smash Champion StarBuck's first challenger for the title. On 24 November at Smash.23, Finlay defeated StarBuck to become the new Smash Champion. On 19 February, Finlay made his first successful defence of the Smash Championship, defeating TAJIRI. Prior to the event, Smash had announced that it would cease its operations on 14 March, which led to Finlay vacating the Smash Championship after the title defence.

On 6 November 2011, Finlay wrestled in the main event of a Stampede Wrestling show in Barrie, Ontario in a losing effort against Harry Smith.

On 21 January 2012, Fit Finlay returned to DOA Pro Wrestling in Portland, OR to face Ethan H. D. for the DOA Heavyweight Championship.

On 12 May 2012, at Border Wars, Finlay made his debut for Ring of Honor (ROH), unsuccessfully challenging Roderick Strong for the ROH World Television Championship. On 24 May, Finlay made his debut for Wrestling New Classic (WNC), the follow-up promotion to Smash, defeating Akira in the main event. Two days later, Finlay defeated Zeus in the main event of another WNC event. Finlay's first tour of WNC concluded on 27 May, when he, Akira and Syuri defeated Kana, Mikey Whipwreck and Tajiri in a six-person main event. On 24 June at ROH's Best in the World 2012: Hostage Crisis iPPV, Finlay was defeated by Michael Elgin.

Finlay returned to WNC on 20 September, when he defeated Ray Mendoza, Jr. in the main event at Korakuen Hall. Following the match, Finlay announced that he was done with WNC for the time being due to re-signing with WWE. Despite no longer scheduled to make appearances for WNC, Finlay was named the head of the WNC Championship Committee.

Finlay wrestled his retirement match on 22 December 2012 at Hangover No.5 in Hanover, Germany, teaming with his son David Finlay Jr to defeat Robbie Brookside and "Dirty" Dan Collins in an Irish street fight.

Return to WWE (2012–present)
Following a stint on the independent circuit and a year after the house show incident, Finlay returned to WWE on 11 July 2012 as a backstage producer. The two sides had been negotiating since WrestleMania XXVIII, but there were situations that delayed the deal being finalised. During the following years, Finlay made some cameo appearances, usually separating brawling wrestlers. He was also one of four wrestlers who presented Tyler Bate with the WWE UK Championship after Bate won the related tournament in January 2017. After Lana was unable to compete in the 2019 women's Royal Rumble match following an attack by Nia Jax during her entrance, Finlay gave fellow Irish wrestler Becky Lynch permission to replace Lana; Lynch would go on to win the match and subsequently headline WrestleMania 35, where she would win both the Raw Women's Championship and SmackDown Women's Championship in a Winner Takes All triple threat match against Ronda Rousey and Charlotte Flair.

On 16 April 2020, Finlay was among the several WWE employees who were furloughed as part of the COVID-19 budget cuts but returned to work in November of the same year. In November, he was re-hired as a trainer and assistant coach at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida.

Legacy
Finlay has received praise from fellow professional wrestlers and peers. He reportedly assisted in the transition of WWE's presentation of the WWE Divas from bra and panties matches to more respectful traditional wrestling. Former WWE Diva Victoria attested: "He made us and molded us. He got to know what made us tick, exposed that, and there was nothing we couldn't do. Today, the girls pick and choose what moves they want to do. If Fit Finlay wasn't around, that wouldn't happen. We worked stiff. We made contact."

Other women wrestlers such as Torrie Wilson, Lita, Jazz, Stacy Keibler, Molly Holly, The Bella Twins, Beth Phoenix, Natalya, Trish Stratus, Ruby Riott, Liv Morgan, Sarah Logan, Sasha Banks, Charlotte Flair, Becky Lynch, Lana, Bayley, and Ronda Rousey have credited Finlay for helping them hone their wrestling abilities and find their identities. They described Finlay as "an incredible wrestler and patient coach who treats everyone equally and brings out the best in them".

WWE Wrestler Batista has credited Finlay as "the unsung hero who changed the direction of his career" and personally requested Finlay to induct him in the Hall of Fame ceremony. Former WWE wrestler and trainer Lance Storm and former AEW wrestler/executive and current WWE wrestler Cody Rhodes have also praised Finlay's mentoring skills and for putting new talents over.

Personal life
Finlay's father, David Edward Clarke Finlay, known as David "Dave" Finlay Sr., was a wrestler and wrestling coach and was appointed MBE in the 2024 New Year Honours "For Services to Olympic Wrestling in Northern Ireland". His grandfather was a professional wrestler, and his sister was a referee. His uncle, Albert, was a goalkeeper for Glentoran FC in the 1960s and 1970s. Finlay was previously married to his former manager, Princess Paula. He is currently married to Melanie (Mel) Duffin and has three children, the eldest of whom, David, was born in Germany.

His children are all wrestlers. The oldest, David, made his professional wrestling debut on 22 December 2012 and is now wrestling for New Japan Pro Wrestling as leader of Bullet Club. David is a former IWGP Heavyweight Tag Team Champion as well as the former NEVER Openweight Champion. His daughter has won the Georgia State championship. Brogan trained for a brief time at the New Japan Pro-Wrestling dojo before the COVID-19 pandemic, before being signed to WWE in December 2023, and currently performs under the ring name Uriah Connors.

Championships and accomplishments

 * All Star Wrestling
 * British Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Catch Wrestling Association
 * CWA British Commonwealth Championship (1 time)
 * CWA Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * CWA World Middleweight Championship (4 times)
 * CWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Marty Jones
 * Fighting Spirit Magazine
 * LL Cool J Award (2006)
 * Joint Promotions
 * World Mid-Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
 * British Heavy Middleweight Championship (6 times)
 * British Light Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * World of Sport Top Tag Team Tournament 1982 (with Skull Murphy (Peter Northey) as the Riot Squad.)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 33 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2007
 * Ranked No. 278 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
 * Smash
 * Smash Championship (1 time, final)
 * World Championship Wrestling
 * WCW World Television Championship (1 time)
 * Hardcore Junkyard Invitational Tournament (1999)
 * World Wrestling Entertainment
 * WWE United States Championship (1 time)
 * Bragging Rights Trophy (2009) – with Team SmackDown (Chris Jericho, Kane, R-Truth, Matt Hardy, David Hart Smith and Tyson Kidd)

title: Fit Finlay


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Max von Braunmühl

Max von Braunmühl is a German race car driver who competed in six Porsche Supercup races in 2004 for Team Herberth.

title: Max von Braunmühl


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Alan A'Court

Alan A'Court (30 September 1934 – 14 December 2009) was an English professional footballer who mostly played for Liverpool. He gained five caps for England and represented the nation at the 1958 FIFA World Cup.

Playing career
Born in Rainhill, Lancashire, England, A'Court was a winger who started out at Prescot Cables as an amateur before he was signed by Reds manager Don Welsh. A'Court made his debut in a league match at Ayresome Park on 7 February 1953, a game that saw Liverpool take both the points from a 3–2 win. His first goal came a month later on 14 March, again in a league match, this time at Anfield in a 2–0 victory over Sunderland.

A'Court, who followed Rugby league, signed from Prescot as an 18-year-old in September 1952, spurning the advances of Everton and Bolton Wanderers to become an Anfield apprentice, a decision that paid off as just six months after joining he made his first team debut. The following season A'Court played 16 times, as Liverpool were relegated to the Second Division.

During the Anfield club's first season in the second tier of English football A'Court established himself as a first team regular making 33 league and cup appearances. A'Court remained consistent as Liverpool failed to regain their top flight status. By the age of 24 years and 89 days he had played 200 league games for the Reds becoming the youngest player to do so, a record that still stands.

Although the strong and talented A'Court could have left to play for teams in the First Division, his loyalty to Liverpool was rewarded in 1961–62 when, as an ever-present, he and the Reds celebrated promotion back to the First Division under the guidance of Bill Shankly, finishing a full eight points (in the days of two points for a win) clear of second placed Leyton Orient. A'Court was selected 23 times during Liverpool's first season back amongst football's elite teams; he helped Liverpool to an eighth-place finish in the First Division.

Whilst still in Division 2 A'Court's skill alerted England manager Walter Winterbottom, who was looking for a player to replace an injured Tom Finney; Winterbottom handed the left winger the first of his five caps on 6 November 1957 in a British Championship match against Northern Ireland at Wembley. A'Court's only goal for his country and a goal for Duncan Edwards were not enough to prevent England losing the game 3–2. The highlight of his career was representing England at the 1958 FIFA World Cup in Sweden, where he played in England's last three matches against Brazil (0–0), Austria (2–2), and the group stage play-off game against the USSR (0–1). He did this despite playing for a club in the Second Division.

Unfortunately for A'Court, injuries began to take their toll. He missed the whole of the 1963–64 championship winning season, so Shankly signed Peter Thompson from Preston North End. After spending most of his career at Liverpool, playing 382 times and scoring 63 goals, A'Court was allowed to leave. He joined Tranmere Rovers for a fee of £4,500 in October 1964. A'Court's final outing in a Red shirt was in a historic match: Liverpool's first ever European match at Anfield, the game was a European Cup preliminary round 2nd leg match on 14 September 1964. Liverpool had won the first encounter with Icelandic side KR 5–0 but rather than treat the return leg as a mere formality, the Reds finished off the job with a comprehensive 6–1 victory.

Coaching career
A'Court later became player-coach at Norwich City before taking on various coaching jobs, including posts in Zambia and New Zealand, he also became assistant manager at Stoke City when Tony Waddington called upon his services in 1969. In January 1978 George Eastham was sacked and A'Court was put in caretaker charge. His only match in charge of Stoke came in the FA Cup at home to non-league Blyth Spartans in 1977–78, Stoke lost the match 3–2.

Once new manager Alan Durban was appointed A'Court moved to Crewe Alexandra as an assistant manager. He then went to join the sport staff at North Staffordshire Polytechnic. He managed Nantwich Town from September 1983 to April 1984.

Post retirement
After finally retiring from football, A'Court ran a tobacconist/newsagent shop on the borders of Birkenhead and Bebington. A'Court died of cancer on 14 December 2009.

International

 * Scores and results list England's goal tally first.
 * Score and result list England's goal tally first, score column indicates score after A'Court's goal.

title: Alan A'Court


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List of constructed languages

The following list of notable constructed languages is divided into auxiliary, ritual, engineered, and artistic (including fictional) languages, and their respective subgenres. All entries on this list have further information on separate Wikipedia articles.

International auxiliary languages
International auxiliary languages (IAL) are languages constructed to provide easy, fast, and/or improved communication among all human beings, or a significant portion, without necessarily replacing native languages.

Zonal auxiliary languages
Zonal auxiliary languages are languages created with the purpose of facilitating communication between speakers of a certain group of related languages. Unlike international auxiliary languages for global uses, they are intended to serve a limited linguistic or geographic area. Examples include Pan-Slavic languages, Pan-Romance languages and Pan-Germanic languages.

Controlled languages
Controlled natural languages are natural languages that have been altered to make them simpler, easier to use, or more acceptable in certain circumstances, such as for use by people who do not speak the original language well. The following projects are examples of controlled English:

Visual languages
Visual languages use symbols or movements in place of the spoken word. Constructed sign languages also fall in this category.

Ritual languages
These are languages in actual religious use by their communities or congregations.

Engineered languages
Engineered languages are devised to test a hypothesis or experiment with innovative linguistic features. They may fall into one or more of three categories: philosophical, experimental and logical.

Constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien
Tolkien's most prominent languages are:

Alternative languages
Some experimental languages were developed to observe hypotheses of alternative linguistic interactions which could have led to very different modern languages. The following two examples were created for Ill Bethisad, an alternate history project.

Constructed languages in Wikipedia
There is a version of Wikipedia in each of the following nine constructed languages. Eight of these languages are IALs (international auxiliary languages), while Lojban is an engineered language. Until 2005, there were also versions of Wikipedia in the constructed languages Toki Pona and Klingon, but these have been deleted.

title: List of constructed languages


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Talk:Oppression

Editorializing and globalize notice
This page reads like an editorial, as there are unsourced statements and weasel words made throughout the article. I'll provide some examples below:

''Such can occur within women, as second-wave feminism disproportionately focused on white women and their respective issues rather than women as a whole. This led to black women and the higher level of economic challenges they were faced with being unaddressed, and often uplifted women only in a racially privileged position. By not fighting the presuppositions of racism, these actors in the women's movement failed to address their oppression at its root, simultaneously flighting for the issues of white women and accepting the societal structures which held black women down.''

''Nonetheless, more fully understanding the problem remains an extremely complicated challenge for scholars. Improved understanding will likely involve, for example, comprehending more completely the historical antecedents of current social oppression; the commonalities (and lack thereof) among the various social groups damaged by social oppression (and the individual human beings who make up those groups); and the complex interplay between and amongst sociocultural, political, economic, psychological, and legal forces that cause and support oppression.''

''Class is a social ranking system which is based on income, wealth, education, status, and power. A class is a large group of people who share similar economic or social positions based on their income, wealth, property ownership, job status, education, skills, and power in the economic and political sphere. The most commonly used class categories include: upper class, middle class, working class, and poor class. A majority of people in the United States self-identify in surveys as middle class, despite vast differences in income and status. Class is also experienced differently depending on race, gender, ethnicity, global location, disability, and more. Class oppression of the poor and working class can lead to deprivation of basic needs and a feeling of inferiority to higher-class people, as well as shame towards one's traditional class, race, gender, or ethnic heritage.''

''Historically, gender oppression occurred through actual legal domination and subordination of men over women. Although the legal and civil position of women has greatly improved over the years especially in Western countries, this is arguably not enough.''

''Though individual barriers, such as small actions resulting of social roles and expectations, may not provide too much of a barrier for any one woman, the interweaving of many of said actions through each day and each year eventually builds a net which very well might hold a woman in place, and keep her in the role she is ordered to maintain. One example of such an action is the act of a man holding the door open for a woman. On one hand, this might seem a kind gesture, and in many situations it is, however, Frye writes that men will often hold the door for a woman despite it being an inconvenient and unnecessary act. For instance, she writes that "men burdened with packages will open doors for able-bodied women." While the immediate effect of such actions may only be mild confusion, over a lifetime the true suggestion is that women are unable to do such a simple thing for themselves. Men impose on themselves a pointless task in order to fulfill a superior social role, mocking women's strength and inability while gaining superficial moral high-ground. While many superficial services are thrown at women at no-request, men simultaneously have little to no social expectation to help with household chores, or other work that is often considered "feminine." (no citations in this example at all by the way)''

Et cetera, et cetera. I don't necessarily disagree with these statements, but this is a clear breach of MOS:EDITORIAL and WP:OR.

Furthermore, I added a globalize notice in the second section as it focuses almost exclusively on oppression in the United States. Oppression exists throughout the world, yet this page instead puts undue focus on American culture and policy.

I would like to have discussions on these issues so that we can further improve this page. I understand that it's very difficult not to lean into original research with a subject as abstract and complex as oppression, but this page has way too much of it and needs to be worked on. I understand that many Wikipedia users are from the west, but oppression is not just limited to the United States and should not be focused on so heavily. Pac-Man PHD (talk) 05:24, 4 December 2023 (UTC)

 * I think you're certainly right about the weasel words. With a few examples, it appears that they can just be removed and the sentence still has the same meaning. I've noticed that with a lot of these articles are mostly edited by advocates who need a bit of work on their tone. —Panamitsu (talk) 05:58, 4 December 2023 (UTC)

Fountain image: "gay only"and "straight only"
This appears to be some sort of student art piece, not an actual example of segregation. It would be highly inappropriate for this article. Pharos (talk) 02:31, 16 January 2024 (UTC)

 * I think that image was a bit off regardless as it would be more suitable for some article about segregation, and the most common example of segregation is race-based in the United States. —Panamitsu (talk) 03:10, 16 January 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Introduction to Community Economic and Social Development II
— Assignment last updated by Gurnaaz11 (talk) 02:39, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oppression


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Korea Campus Crusade for Christ

Korea Campus Crusade for Christ (KCCC) (also known as "Soon Movement" in the United States) is an interdenominational Korean organization founded by Dr. Joon Gon Kim in 1958. It was the first overseas mission post for Campus Crusade for Christ, founded by Dr. Bill Bright in 1951. Since its inception in 1958, Korea Campus Crusade for Christ (KCCC) has field offices both domestically and internationally spreading over countries from Asia to the Americas, including the United States. Its main focus is on world evangelism and discipleship.

Korea Campus Crusade for Christ became the first overseas mission post for Campus Crusade for Christ under the tutelage of Dr. Bill Bright. KCCC ministry began in the southwestern city of Gwangjoo and quickly spread to other parts of Korea including Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Daejun, and Jeonju. Currently, KCCC headquarters is located at Buam-dong with 50 domestic mission posts and 15 international mission posts with over 1,000 missionaries abroad.

After half a century as the head of KCCC, founder Dr. Joon Gon Kim retired his post and Reverend Sung Min Park was chosen to succeed him.

Name Change
On March 11, 2016, KCCC in the United States officially announced that it would be changing its name to 'SOON Movement.' Both names would be continued to be used together as they ultimately transition to their new name.

'Soon' is a Korean term that appears in the Korean translation of Isaiah 53:2, which describes Jesus as one who "grew up before him like a tender shoot" ('soon is 'shoot' in Korean). Additionally, KCCC's small groups are called 'soons,' in which 'soon wons' (small group members) are discipled by 'soon jangs' (small group leaders). Using the word 'soon,' as part of the ministry's new name reflects the importance of discipleship in their movement.

Los Angeles
Although there were efforts to expand Korea Campus Crusade for Christ, Los Angeles, in the 80's and 90's, it was not until 1996 when Rev. Dong Whan Kim revitalized the organization and propelled it into one of the largest interdenominational Korean mission organizations in Southern California.

One of its prime ministries is the campus ministry that covers some of the largest college campuses in southern and northern California, including the University of California, Riverside, Santa Monica College, San Jose State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, Irvine, University of California, Berkeley, California State University, Long Beach, California State University, Northridge, California Institute of Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of California, San Diego, and others.

Other ministries include summer overseas mission trips where members are encouraged to participate in overseas missions to countries and regions including Thailand, Japan, Asia Minor, Cambodia, East Asia, Mongolia, Central Asia, Laos, South Africa and Hawaii for interstate mission. Activities during the mission may include cross-cultural events, teaching English to foreigners, showing films and performing Tae-Kwon-Do demonstrations and if circumstances are safe enough, proselytism. Since 1997, Korea Campus Crusade for Christ, Los Angeles, has been conducting annual summer mission trips that came to include upwards of 500 college students participating in the ministry as short-term missionaries.

KCCC has a weekly prayer gathering called Gethsemane every Thursday at Dong Shin Church in Fullerton.

iMPACT
iMPACT is a dance ministry within KCCC. The team practices at KCCC Headquarters. iMPACT consists of members all over California from University of California Colleges, Cal State Universities, and Community Colleges. the director and coordinator was Jason Cheung. iMPACT's main performance is the annual Vision Conference, E-Crusade, and Korea Conference.

title: Korea Campus Crusade for Christ


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Business value

In management, business value is an informal term that includes all forms of value that determine the health and well-being of the firm in the long run. Business value expands concept of value of the firm beyond economic value (also known as economic profit, economic value added, and shareholder value) to include other forms of value such as employee value, customer value, supplier value, channel partner value, alliance partner value, managerial value, and societal value. Many of these forms of value are not directly measured in monetary terms. According to the Project Management Institute, business value is the "net quantifiable benefit derived from a business endeavor that may be tangible, intangible, or both."

Business value often embraces intangible assets not necessarily attributable to any stakeholder group. Examples include intellectual capital and a firm's business model. The balanced scorecard methodology is one of the most popular methods for measuring and managing business value. See Business valuation.

Philosophy
The concept of business value aligned with the theory that a firm is best viewed as a network of relationships both internal and external. These networks are sometimes called a value network. Each node in the network could be a stakeholder group, a resource, an organization, end-consumers, interest groups, regulators, or the environment itself. In a value network, value creation is viewed as a collaborative, creative, synergistic process rather than purely mechanistic or a result of command-and-control.

If the firm is viewed as a network of value creating entities, then the question becomes how does each node in the network contribute to overall firm performance and how does it behave and respond to its own interests. When the nodes are independent organizations (e.g., suppliers) or agents (e.g., customers), it is assumed that the firm is seeking a cooperative, win-win relationship where all parties receive value. Even when nodes in the network are not fully independent (e.g., employees), it is assumed that incentives are important and that those incentives go beyond direct financial compensation.

While it would be very desirable to translate all forms of business value to a single economic measure (e.g., discounted cash flow), many practitioners and theorists believe this is either not feasible or theoretically impossible. Therefore, advocates of business value believe that the best approach is to measure and manage multiple forms of value as they apply to each stakeholder group.

As yet, there are no well-formed theories about how the various elements of business value are related to each other and how they might contribute to the firm's long-term success. One promising approach is the business model, but these are rarely formalized.

History
Peter Drucker was an early proponent of business value as the proper goal of a firm, especially that a firm should create value for customers, employees (especially knowledge workers), and distribution partners. His management by objectives was a goal setting and decision-making tool to help managers at all levels create business value. However, he was skeptical that the dynamics of business value could ever be formalized, at least not with current methods.

Michael Porter popularized the concept of the value chain.

Shareholder value
For a publicly traded company, shareholder value is the part of its capitalization that is equity as opposed to long-term debt. In the case of only one type of capital stock, this would roughly be the number of outstanding shares times current share price. Things like dividends augment shareholder value while issuing of shares (stock options) lower it. This shareholder value added should be compared to average/required increase in value, also known as cost of capital.

For a privately held company, the value of the firm after debt must be estimated using one of several valuation methods, such as discounted cash flow or others.

Customer value
Customer value is the value received by the end-customer of a product or service. End-customer can include a single individual (consumer) or an organization with various individuals playing different roles in the buying-consumption processes. Customer value is conceived variously as utility, quality, benefits, and customer satisfaction.

Employee knowledge
This is often an undervalued asset in companies and also the area where there is the most discord in reporting. Employees are the most valuable asset companies possess and the one we expect the most from, but often the one that receives the short end of the stick when it comes to values applied to them.

Channel partner value
The value a business underpins on partner relationships in the business. Partner value here stresses that it can be critical to a firms functioning. It ceases to exist or carry out business activities if partner value is diminished or lost.

Strategies for creating business value
An increase or decline in business value that an action produces is traditionally measured in terms of customer satisfaction, revenue growth, profitability, market share, wallet share, cross-sell ratio, marketing campaign response rates, or relationship duration.

Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, consultants Bain and Company described potential actions as building blocks of value for consumers and businesses. In their business to consumer (B2C) study they identified 30 elements of value in four categories. Their companion work in the B2B space characterised five categories and 40 elements of value.

The authors use a pyramid infographic to convey the array of value elements in both cases. For instance, in the business to consumer (B2C) context the four categories are functional, emotional, life changing and social impact. Examples amongst the 14 functional elements include saving time, reducing effort, reducing cost and enhancing quality. In the business to business (B2B) case, the five categories are table stakes, functional value, ease of doing business value, individual value and inspirational value. There are three inspirational value elements out of the 40 elements of value in B2B. These are: vision, hope and social responsibility.

What makes the pyramids most useful to businesses is that research shows that being good with multiple elements pays off and drives customer loyalty, the most important value elements vary by industry, auditing value elements in one business versus competitors can help generate a market map and creating additional customer value can be achieved without major product overhaul. An understanding of what creates opportunities to maximise customer value can also help define a development path that maximises the probability of achieving business growth.

Business value of information technology
Various factors affect the business value impact of information technology (IT). The most important factor is the alignment between IT and business processes, organization structure, and strategy. At the highest levels, this alignment is achieved through proper integration of enterprise architecture, business architecture, process design, organization design, and performance metrics.

At the level of computing and communications infrastructure, the following performance factors constrain and partially determine IT capabilities:
 * Usability
 * Functionality
 * Availability
 * Reliability, recoverability
 * Performance (throughput, response time, predictability, capacity, etc.)
 * Security
 * Agility

The term value-driven design was devised to describe the approach to planning business change (especially systems) based on the incremental improvements to business value - this is seen clearly in agile software development, where the goals of each iteration of product delivery are prioritised on what delivers highest business value drives.

Criticisms
Business value is an informal concept and there is no consensus, either in academic circles or among management professionals, on its meaning or on its role in effective decision-making. The term could even be described as a "buzz word" used by various consultants, analyst firms, executives, authors, and academics.

Some critics believe that measuring economic value, economic profit, or shareholder value is sufficiently complete to guide decision-making. They regard all other forms of value as essentially intermediate to the ultimate goal of economic profit. Furthermore, if they do not contribute to economic profit, they are actually a distraction for the firm.

Other critics believe that extensive efforts to measure business value will be more of a distraction than a boon. For example, there is a fear that decision-makers will become confused if they have too many goals and measures that need to be accommodated.

title: Business value


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