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Aluminium sulfate

Aluminium sulfate is a salt with the formula Al2(SO4)3. It is soluble in water and is mainly used as a coagulating agent (promoting particle collision by neutralizing charge) in the purification of drinking water and wastewater treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing.

The anhydrous form occurs naturally as a rare mineral millosevichite, found for example in volcanic environments and on burning coal-mining waste dumps. Aluminium sulfate is rarely, if ever, encountered as the anhydrous salt. It forms a number of different hydrates, of which the hexadecahydrate Al2(SO4)3·16H2O and octadecahydrate Al2(SO4)3·18H2O are the most common. The heptadecahydrate, whose formula can be written as [Al(H2O)6]2(SO4)3·5H2O, occurs naturally as the mineral alunogen.

Aluminium sulfate is sometimes called alum or papermaker's alum in certain industries. However, the name "alum" is more commonly and properly used for any double sulfate salt with the generic formula, where X is a monovalent cation such as potassium or ammonium.

In the laboratory
Aluminium sulfate may be made by adding aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, to sulfuric acid, H2SO4:
 * 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H2O

or by heating aluminium in a sulfuric acid solution:
 * 2 Al + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2↑

From alum schists
The alum schists employed in the manufacture of aluminium sulfate are mixtures of iron pyrite, aluminium silicate and various bituminous substances, and are found in upper Bavaria, Bohemia, Belgium, and Scotland. These are either roasted or exposed to the weathering action of the air. In the roasting process, sulfuric acid is formed and acts on the clay to form aluminium sulfate, a similar condition of affairs being produced during weathering. The mass is now systematically extracted with water, and a solution of aluminium sulfate of specific gravity 1.16 is prepared. This solution is allowed to stand for some time (in order that any calcium sulfate and basic iron(III) sulfate may separate), and is then evaporated until iron(II) sulfate crystallizes on cooling; it is then drawn off and evaporated until it attains a specific gravity of 1.40. It is now allowed to stand for some time, and decanted from any sediment.

From clays or bauxite
In the preparation of aluminium sulfate from clays or from bauxite, the material is gently calcined, then mixed with sulfuric acid and water and heated gradually to boiling; if concentrated acid is used no external heat is generally required as the formation of aluminium sulfate is exothermic. It is allowed to stand for some time, and the clear solution is drawn off.

From cryolite
When cryolite is used as the ore, it is mixed with calcium carbonate and heated. By this means, sodium aluminate is formed; it is then extracted with water and precipitated either by sodium bicarbonate or by passing a current of carbon dioxide through the solution. The precipitate is then dissolved in sulfuric acid.

Uses
Aluminium sulfate is sometimes used in the human food industry as a firming agent, where it takes on E number E520, and in animal feed as a bactericide. In the United States, the FDA lists it as "generally recognized as safe" with no limit on concentration. Aluminium sulfate may be used as a deodorant, an astringent, or as a styptic for superficial shaving wounds. Aluminium sulfate is used as a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles.

It is a common vaccine adjuvant and works "by facilitating the slow release of antigen from the vaccine depot formed at the site of inoculation."

Aluminium sulfate is used in water purification and for chemical phosphorus removal from wastewater. It causes suspended impurities to coagulate into larger particles and then settle to the bottom of the container (or be filtered out) more easily. This process is called coagulation or flocculation. Research suggests that in Australia, aluminium sulfate used in this way in drinking water treatment is the primary source of hydrogen sulfide gas in sanitary sewer systems. An improper and excess application incident in 1988 polluted the water supply of Camelford in Cornwall.

Aluminium sulfate has been used as a method of eutrophication remediation for shallow lakes. It works by reducing the phosphorus load in the lakes.

When dissolved in a large amount of neutral or slightly alkaline water, aluminium sulfate produces a gelatinous precipitate of aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3. In dyeing and printing cloth, the gelatinous precipitate helps the dye adhere to the clothing fibers by rendering the pigment insoluble.

Aluminium sulfate is sometimes used to reduce the pH of garden soil, as it hydrolyzes to form the aluminium hydroxide precipitate and a dilute sulfuric acid solution. An example of what changing the pH level of soil can do to plants is visible when looking at Hydrangea macrophylla. The gardener can add aluminium sulfate to the soil to reduce the pH which in turn will result in the flowers of the Hydrangea turning a different color (blue). The aluminium is what makes the flowers blue; at a higher pH, the aluminium is not available to the plant.

In the construction industry, it is used as waterproofing agent and accelerator in concrete. Another use is a foaming agent in fire fighting foam.

It can also be very effective as a molluscicide, killing spanish slugs.

Mordants aluminium triacetate and aluminium sulfacetate can be prepared from aluminium sulfate, the product formed being determined by the amount of lead(II) acetate used:

 * + 3 → 2  + 3

 * + 2 →  + 2

Chemical reactions
The compound decomposes to γ-alumina and sulfur trioxide when heated between 580 and 900 °C. It combines with water forming hydrated salts of various compositions.

Aluminium sulfate reacts with sodium bicarbonate to which foam stabilizer has been added, producing carbon dioxide for fire-extinguishing foams:

 * Al2(SO4)3 + 6 NaHCO3 → 3 Na2SO4 + 2 Al(OH)3 + 6 CO2

The carbon dioxide is trapped by the foam stabilizer and creates a thick foam which will float on top of hydrocarbon fuels and seal off access to atmospheric oxygen, smothering the fire. Chemical foam was unsuitable for use on polar solvents such as alcohol, as the fuel would mix with and break down the foam blanket. The carbon dioxide generated also served to propel the foam out of the container, be it a portable fire extinguisher or fixed installation using hoselines. Chemical foam is considered obsolete in the United States and has been replaced by synthetic mechanical foams, such as AFFF which have a longer shelf life, are more effective, and more versatile, although some countries such as Japan and India continue to use it.

title: Aluminium sulfate


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Atton

Atton is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in northeastern France.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Atton


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Battle of Vromopigada

The Battle of Vromopigada was fought between the Ottoman Turks and the Maniots of Mani in 1770. The location of the battle was in a plain between the two towns of Skoutari and Parasyros. The battle ended in a Greek victory.

Prelude
Following the Venetian defeat to the Ottoman Empire in the Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718), the Peloponnese once again returned to Ottoman hands. However, the autonomous Mani, who had refused to accept Ottoman sovereignty in the first Ottoman occupation of the Peloponnese once again refused to accept Ottoman rule. The Maniots through an agent they had in Russia began conspiring with Catherine the Great and Count Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov. In 1770, terms were agreed and a Russian fleet sailed into the Aegean Sea and landing in Mani en route destroying an Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Chesma.

After initial success, the Orlov Revolt ended in failure. Arguments between Orlov, the Russian leader, and John the Canine, the Maniot leader led to the separation of the armies. John's army suffered a devastating defeat at Rizomilo in Messenia against the Ottoman army with only John surviving. Meanwhile, the Russian army having made no long term gains retreated. The Ottomans had, meanwhile, unleashed mercenaries of Muslim Albanians (also known as Turkoalbanians) on Greece. They pillaged their way through the Peloponnese where they massacred Greek civilians in revenge for massacres and destruction of properties that Christian forces committed against Muslim civilians.

They launched several incursions into Mani but they were all beaten back with heavy casualties. This string of defeat aggravated the Ottoman Pasha in the Peloponnese, Hatzi Osman and he mustered an army of 16,000 men and invaded Mani.

Battle
Meanwhile, a Maniot force consisting of 3,000 men and 2,000 women had mustered in the hills above the town of Parasyros, which were known as Trikefali, and had fortified themselves. Osman, meanwhile, had advanced with his army to Agio Pigada (a plain that lay between Parasyros and Skoutari) and from there sent envoys demanding the surrender of the Maniots. However, the Maniots were hesitant in sending envoys back because if the answer was negative, Osman would have the envoys executed.

Three old men, two priests and a layman volunteered to go to the Turkish camp. They were brought to the pasha and, without bowing, asked him what he wanted from the poor but freedom-loving Maniots. The pasha demanded that the Maniots give, because they had made an alliance with the enemies [of the Turks] the Russians and revolted against the Sultan, all their guns, ten captains' children as hostages, and pay every year the capitation. The Maniot envoys replied that the Maniots preferred to die than give their guns or children, and couldn't pay taxes because of the poverty of their land. Osman, infuriated by their answer, had them executed and mutilated before planting their limbs on stakes.

When the Maniots saw the fate of their envoys they decided how to defeat the Ottomans. During the night, a force of 1,500 Maniots outflanked the Ottoman positions and approached from the Turkish rear. Meanwhile, the main Maniot force attacked the Ottomans as they slept. The Ottomans, surprised by this night attack started to flee but were cut off by the Maniots at their rear. The remaining Turks managed to retreat to Mystras.

title: Battle of Vromopigada


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Talk:Spline interpolation

Terrible article
This article shows everything that is wrong with mathematical articles on Wikipedia. First, it has a short, semi-technical introduction that doesn't really give a good introduction to subject. Then it dives headfirst into a very long winded page of math, with an "algorithm" that provides little clarity on what the spline does. To me, an algorithm should provide enough clarity to code something. You basically have to know what ordinary differential equations are just to start. Finally it has an example that is just as technical as the "algorithm". If you can understand anything on this page, you probably already know what spline interpolation is anyway, rendering it pointless to the target audience.

If you ask me Wikipedia is not an appropriate place for mathematical proofs, which are generally not of interest to non-mathematicians. And I also think it is also not the place for algorithms - this is where external links should come into place. It would be much better if a lay explanation of what spline interpolation is used for, why it is important, and the history behind how it came to be derived. 153.176.151.122 (talk) 10:21, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

"Download as pdf" doesn't seem to work
When you create a pdf by clicking "Download as pdf", some of the maths formula disappear. I am not sure how to fix this. --Panoramix bzh (talk) 15:43, 10 May 2017 (UTC)
 * It seems to be omitting the formulae that are numbered. Probably to do with the issue it notes on the page that generates the PDF, "Currently some documents do not contain tables". The alternative is to use your browser/OS to generate the PDF. E.g. in Safari on my Mac. I can choose "Export to PDF..." from the File menu, or "Print..." then "Save as PDF..." from the Print dialog.-- JohnBlackburne wordsdeeds 15:57, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

Thanks for the answer, I mamaged to print it like you suggested but I was wondering if there was an easy way to fix the page.--Panoramix bzh (talk) 16:38, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

Additional wording for less-technical readers
I added some explanatory English text to this article to try to help readers who may have trouble with just the math as given, and some small grammar changes in places to help clarify things. I think this article could be useful, but in its prior form, it was very hard to understand, so I tried to make small changes to fix it if I could. It's still not that clear, but I think it's better than it was. I hope my edits are helpful; if not, please be gentle. Seanofw (talk) 15:08, 23 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spline interpolation


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Fit-up

A fit-up is a style of theatre or circus where companies of travelling performers tour towns and villages in the provinces of Ireland, Britain and elsewhere, particularly throughout the 19th century. The term is also theatre slang to describe a stage or tent that can be transported and erected quickly for shows.

A fit-up company would be a travelling company of players which carries its scenery, props and costumes that can be set up in a temporary venue, which might be a large tent, a barn or a village hall. Fit-up companies were particularly prevalent in 19th century Ireland and a study of the performance histories of these has been made by Irish academics. The oldest of these Irish companies included the J. B. Carrickford Company and Tommy Conway/Keegan, who formed the Bohemian Minstrels in the early 19th century.

The number of fit-up companies grew at the beginning of the 20th century with estimates of about 60 companies touring the Irish countryside by 1930. Their performances usually involved some form of variety act and a melodrama followed by a farce. While World War I made times difficult for theatres in Ireland with conscription and travelling restrictions making it difficult for overseas performers to get to venues, the fit-up companies were able to continue largely unaffected. The company of the actor Anew McMaster formed in 1925 continued this earlier tradition and travelled to the remote parts of Ireland to perform until the middle of the 20th century. Examples in the 21st century would include travelling circuses, travelling fairs and Punch and Judy shows.

Generally, a fit-up company carried all their props, costumes, scenery, curtains and light systems and if necessary the materials for a temporary improvised stage which they would fit-up in whatever sort of venue was available.

Theatrical companies would travel to often remote locations and fit up the local theatres or halls. Very often these travelling shows might be the only entertainment a village might see for some time and would therefore usually play to capacity audiences. They would often perform the works of classic authors such as Shakespeare. In literature the novel Nicholas Nickleby (1838) by Charles Dickens includes the Crummles troupe of travelling players that Nickleby joins. Headed by Vincent Crummles, a larger-than-life actor-manager who takes Nicholas under his wing, he and his family take their act to America to pursue greater success on the theatrical stage.

title: Fit-up


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Forever Faithless – The Greatest Hits

Forever Faithless – The Greatest Hits is a greatest hits compilation album from the dance music group Faithless, which was released on 16 May 2005. It features all their released singles (other than "Take the Long Way Home"), plus three additional new tracks ("Fatty Boo", "Reasons (Saturday Night)", and "Why Go?" (2005 remix featuring Estelle).

Chart performance
Forever Faithless was the best selling dance album of 2005. It has sold 1,381,407 copies as of October 2015. After the death of Faithless member Maxi Jazz in December 2022, Forever Faithless entered the UK Album Downloads Chart at number 7.

US version
Released on Arista Records, the American version of the Forever Faithless CD does not include "Fatty Boo", but is an enhanced disc with a bonus music video of the 2005 version of "Why Go".

Initial US pressings contained MediaMax CD-3 copy protection, but this was abandoned after the 2005 Sony BMG CD copy protection scandal.

Song versions
Except "Insomnia" and "Salva Mea", the chart versions of each song are included, not the full-length versions. This was necessary to fit all the tracks into 1 hour 20 minutes.

DVD
Alongside the CD a DVD was also released containing the promotional videos for 12 Faithless singles, but does not include the videos for "Salva Mea '95", "Reverence", "If Lovin' You Is Wrong", "Bring My Family Back" (German version featuring Sabrina Setlur), "Why Go?" (Boy George Version), "Why Go?" (Estelle Version), "Muhammad Ali" (Rollo & Sister Bliss Tuff Love Mix Video) and "Miss U Less, See U More".

title: Forever Faithless – The Greatest Hits


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Graham Henry

Sir Graham William Henry (born 8 June 1946) is a New Zealand rugby union coach, and former head coach of the country's national team, the All Blacks. Nicknamed 'Ted', he led New Zealand to win the 2011 World Cup.

Henry played rugby union for Canterbury and cricket for Canterbury and Otago in the Plunket Shield. Before becoming a full-time coach, Henry worked as a school teacher and headmaster.

He coached successful Auckland and Auckland Blues teams in the 1990s, winning National Provincial Championship titles in 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996 with Auckland, and the inaugural Super 12 title with the Blues in 1996. He coached Wales from 1998 to 2002, with some success, including an 11-match winning streak. He was head coach of the British & Irish Lions in their 2001 tour of Australia, in which they lost the test series 2–1.

He was appointed head coach of New Zealand in 2004, and had several successful seasons, including a series victory over the British & Irish Lions in 2005. Henry was heavily criticised following the All Blacks' quarter-final exit at the 2007 Rugby World Cup and was reappointed amid some controversy. He subsequently led the All Blacks to win the 2011 Rugby World Cup final. He stepped down as All Blacks coach in 2011 after 140 matches in a career that also included five Tri Nations titles.

In 2012, Henry joined Argentina as an advisor, and acted as an assistant coach to the Argentina national team. In 2013, he re-committed to Argentina for the 2013 Rugby Championship.

Early career
After attending Christchurch Boys' High School where he was tutored in part by John Graham, Henry studied at the University of Otago, gained a Diploma in Physical Education in 1969, and became a secondary school geography and physical education teacher. He taught at two schools known for their rugby prowess – Auckland Grammar School and Kelston Boys' High School. He coached both their first XVs. He began his career at Auckland Grammar School as a Physical Education Teacher in 1973 and remained there – while completing a Bachelor of Education at Massey University in 1979 until 1982, when he was appointed deputy headmaster of Kelston. Following the unexpected death of headmaster Jim Paton while jogging in 1987, Henry became headmaster. He held the job until resigning to become a full-time coach in 1996.

His first major role was as coach of the successful Auckland provincial rugby team from 1992 to 1997. During his tenure, the team won the National Provincial Championship (NPC) four years in a row (1993–1996). Henry also coached the Blues in the Super 12 – winning the title in 1996 and 1997, and losing the final in 1998. Remarkably, the only other occasion the Blues have won the title was when he briefly returned as technical adviser in the 2003 season.

Wales and Lions
After being overlooked for the All Blacks coaching position in 1998, Henry left New Zealand to coach Wales, at the time becoming the highest paid rugby union coach in the world for a reputed £250,000 per year. His success with Wales resulted in him being given the nickname "the Great Redeemer" in the media there after guiding his side to eleven consecutive victories in 1999. As a result, Henry gained celebrity status in Wales. He was appointed coach of the British and Irish Lions for their unsuccessful 2001 tour to Australia – this made him the first Lions' coach from outside the Home Nations. He left Wales in 2002 after a record defeat to Ireland in the Six Nations by 54–10, and returned to New Zealand where he was appointed defensive coach of the Blues during their successful 2003 Super 12 season.

All Blacks
Following the All Blacks' semi-final loss to Australia in the 2003 Rugby World Cup the All Blacks coaching job was advertised. Apart from incumbent coach John Mitchell, Henry was the only applicant and took the job in December of that year. Henry appointed his former Wales assistant Steve Hansen as forwards coach, Wayne Smith as attack coach, and having himself responsible for defence. Henry also recruited Sir Brian Lochore as a selector. The coaching team was often referred to by rugby commentators as the Three Wise Men due to their collective experience and success.

His first Test match as coach was against the Rugby World Cup 2003 winners England team in New Zealand in 2004. England, coached by Sir Clive Woodward were decisively defeated in both Tests. The success did not carry on into the 2004 Tri-Nations where the All Blacks won two, and lost two Tests – they eventually finished last in the tournament. Henry and his assistants were criticised in the New Zealand media for their insistence on using a flat backline approach in attack – which they blamed for a low number of tries. The 2004 end of year Tests where they played Northern Hemisphere opponents was more successful and culminated in a 45–6 defeat of France in Paris.

In 2005 he coached the All Blacks in their 3–0 series defeat of the British and Irish Lions. He then coached the All Blacks to 2005 Tri-Nations victory where they lost their only match of 2005 – against South Africa. He then coached them to only their second ever Grand Slam over the four Home Nations later that year. The All Blacks were named 2005 IRB International Team of the Year by the sport's governing body, the International Rugby Board (IRB). The IRB named Henry as Coach of the Year and first five-eighth Dan Carter as Player of the Year.

After winning the 2006 Tri-Nations and winning all end-of-year Tests in the tour of England, France and Wales, Henry won the IRB Coach of the Year again in 2006. The All Blacks were also named IRB International Team of the Year and captain Richie McCaw Player of the Year.

Despite such successes, Henry attracted controversy for his rotation policy. This policy means that players in the squad are rotated into and out of the starting team resulting in consecutive matches in the All Blacks 2005 Grand Slam fielding entirely different starting fifteens. An extreme competitiveness developed for all positions. Henry's All Black coaching career was in question after New Zealand lost to France 20–18 in their 2007 World Cup quarter-final. This was New Zealand's worst-ever performance in a Rugby World Cup; they had made the last four of every previous tournament. In particular, Henry was blamed for instructing his men to press for a try in the final 10 minutes of the game instead of attempting a drop goal, with the All Blacks losing by only two points; the All Blacks' best option for a drop goal, centre Aaron Mauger, never got onto the pitch. Others criticised Henry for omitting experienced winger Doug Howlett, the All Blacks' leading scorer of tries in this tournament, starting lock Keith Robinson (who was both injured and had had minimum game time throughout the World Cup) as well as the injured flyhalf Daniel Carter (after earlier proclaiming that his team had enough depth not to force any injured players onto the field), and playing Mils Muliaina, widely considered one of the best fullbacks in rugby, out of position at outside centre.

Henry never stated that referee Wayne Barnes was culpable for the defeat, as Barnes not only allowed several French ruck infringements to go unpunished, but also sin-binned Luke McAlister and missed a forward pass in the buildup to the decisive French try scored by Yannick Jauzion. This later led to him receiving a fair sportsmans award, the second New Zealander after Tana Umaga. After some speculation that he would leave, Henry applied for the post after it became vacant, competing with Robbie Deans.

On 7 December 2007, Henry's contract as All Blacks coach was extended for a further two years, beating Crusaders's coach Robbie Deans, who subsequently accepted the head coaching position of the Australian rugby union team, the Wallabies. The reappointment produced a mixed reception with the public, media and past players; some applauded the decision while others considered it a mistake. The move to reappoint Henry was also significant as it was the first time that an All Black coach was reappointed after defeat in the World Cup. This has been very divisive in New Zealand with many commentators declaring that it was a case of politics at work.

Upon his reappointment Henry stated that Richie McCaw would become the captain of the All Blacks, and declared that he would be looking for new tight forwards for the All Blacks.

In July 2009, Henry was reappointed as the coach of the All Blacks through until the end of 2011. This contract saw him coaching the All Blacks through the 2011 Rugby World Cup which was held in New Zealand and won by the All Blacks beating France 8–7 in the final.

During a series against France 2009 for contest of the Dave Gallagher Trophy he did not tell the All Blacks that they needed to win by a specified margin to secure the trophy. He said this was done because the All Blacks were "relatively young" and didn't need the extra pressure. This was not accepted as sound reasoning by all players. At the IRB Awards in 2011, Henry and his team both captured awards. The All Blacks were named IRB International Team of the Year and Graham Henry IRB International Coach of the Year for the 5th time.

On 1 November 2011, Henry announced he would step down as coach, finishing his All Blacks career as one of the most successful rugby coaches of all time: he coached the All Blacks to 88 wins in 103 tests for a winning percentage of 85.4 percent. In February 2012, he took a two-year part-time position with the NZRU as a mentor for the country's Super Rugby and ITM Cup coaches. In April 2012, Henry began serving for one year in a similar role with the Argentina Rugby Union (UAR), primarily as a mentor to that country's high-level coaches and also as an assistant with the national team. His NZRU contract prohibits him from being part of the Pumas' coaching staff for their matches against New Zealand during the 2012 Rugby Championship, but the NZRU has given him its blessing to work with the UAR at other times.

Personal life
Henry met his wife Raewyn at university. She has also coached first class sports teams – the Auckland and Welsh netball teams. They reside in Waiheke Island, and have three children.

Henry was made a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (KNZM) in the 2012 New Year Honours, for services to rugby.

In 2020, he was the coach for the Match Fit squad, an old-boys team of former All Blacks for a one-off game against Barbarians. On the show, he admitted that he should not have taken the role as the Lions coach while being the Welsh coach in 2001. After the tour, he developed depression. He had recovered after leaving the Welsh coaching job in 2002, but also helped him cope with the loss at the 2007 World Cup. In 2021/22, he reprised the role in season 2. He, the late Va'aiga Tuigamala and Brad Mika were the only Auckland-based members in season 2.

title: Graham Henry


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Posadas, Misiones

Posadas is the capital city of the Argentine province of Misiones, in its south, at the far north-west of the country on the left bank of the Paraná River, opposite Encarnación, Paraguay. The city has an area of 965 km2 and a population of 324,756, and the Greater Posadas area has a population of over 359,609 according to a 2017 estimate.

Posadas is the provincial centre of the government, culture and the economy. Furniture, tobacco, food, textiles and construction are its most important industries. Other important economic activities are commerce and services.

Posadas is connected to the Paraguayan city of Encarnación by the San Roque González de Santa Cruz Bridge. The port, once of great economical importance, is used for sport vessels, carrier of passengers and some boats for sand transport. The city is located on National Route 12, some 1300 km from Buenos Aires. The General José de San Martín Airport, at coordinates -27.36667°N, -55.96667°W, is seven kilometres from the city, and features regular flights to Buenos Aires.

History
Father Roque González y de Santa Cruz established a town called Anunciación de Itapúa on 25 March 1615, but ten years later the settlement was moved to the other side of the Paraná River to the present location of Encarnación, Paraguay.

The first settlement was not completely abandoned, and a new San José reduction was settled there in 1628. In 1867, during the Paraguayan War, the Brazilians set up the Trinchera de San José military base there. Following the end of the war, Paraguay renounced all claims to the area, and in 1879, the town was renamed after Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, the Supreme Director of the Argentine Confederation (1814).

On 22 December 1881, the limits of the Misiones Federation were drawn, leaving Posadas within the territory of current Corrientes Province. On 30 July 1884 the National Congress decided to give Posadas to Misiones Province, and name it its capital. The National University of Misiones was established at Posadas in 1973, and in 1990, the city's cultural and economic links to Encarnación were strengthened with the completion of the San Roque González de Santa Cruz Bridge.

Public transportation
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Posadas, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 57 min. 10% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 16 min, while 26% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 4.3 km, while 2% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.

Climate
Posadas has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa). Summers are hot and humid with lows around 21 C, highs around 31.5 C, daily mean 26.0 C, and frequent thunderstorms. Winters are warm with lows around 12 C and highs around 22.5 C, daily mean 17 C. The highest temperature ever recorded was 42.1 C and the coldest was -2.8 C.

Notable people

 * José Acasuso (born 1982), tennis player
 * Germán Cano (born 1988), soccer player
 * Alberto Mancini (born 1969), tennis player
 * Mariano Messera (born 1978), soccer player
 * Daniel Vancsik (born 1977), golf player
 * Lucina von der Heyde (born 1997), field hockey player

Sports
The city's main football teams are: CD Guaraní Antonio Franco, CA Bartolomé Mitre, CA Posadas and CD Jorge Gibson Brown.

Sister cities

 * Bergamo, Italy
 * Encarnación, Paraguay
 * Encarnación, Paraguay

title: Posadas, Misiones


text:
Talk:Operation Span (deception plan)

Did this operation even exist? Was it called 'Operation Span'? A search with Google for "operation span" corsica returns only mirrors of this page. The text claims that Span was a series of "fake amphibious landings on Corsica and along the Italian coast" - what does this mean? Were they real amphibious landings, but of a diversionary nature; or were they intelligence bluffs which did not actually take place? I want you to tell me - yes, you - and I want you to tell me now.-Ashley Pomeroy 11:17, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Who me? What I meant to say was that after the actual invasion, the landing craft and whatnot were used to approach likely landing areas, without troops aboard. Supporting ships also provided 'pre-invasion' barrages. They idea was to tie down the defenders and keep them from moving toward the actual beach heads. Source? Get a copy of Codeword Dictionary, my long out-of-print book on the subject. Paul, in Saudi 16:43, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I have added the most likely reference, although this is an educated guess. Operation Dove is mentioned in at least one other internet source, and so I have added that rather than the reference. My worry is that Wikipedia has plenty of fabricated articles, and people who enjoy entering fake articles; the 'Votes for Deletion' page is full of them, fake articles on plausible topics which a casual editor might ignore. It amuses these people to watch others correct the grammar, add subheadings, categorise, format and polish fake articles. It's like a game for them, to see how much wasted effort they can encourage; they sit there, like crows, laughing at the righteous as we try to improve the world. Lined up on the fence, like targets on a shooting range. They should be gunned down, that would amuse me, to watch their feathers fly.-Ashley Pomeroy 23:44, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You speak the truth, but there were in fact Operations Span and Dove. Paul, in Saudi 02:19, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Span operation has maybe existed but only along Eastern french Riviera and Italian Coasts and near Marseille (on august, 14th ?), not along Corsica coasts.
 * See the map : Operation Dragoon
 * Corsica was freed one year earlier, from september 9th to october 4th 1943 and was used as support place for Dragoon as you noticed in your article "The U.S. 6th Army Group, also known as the Southern Group of Armies, commanded by Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers was created in Corsica and activated on August 1, 1944 to consolidate the combined French and American forces that were planning to invade southern France in Operation Dragoon."
 * On Corsica liberation, see: La libération de la Corse. Daniel, France, 2006-02-11

Strikeout
Please do not use strikeout ( i.e. ) in the article. Make the needed corrections instead. Thanks. El_C 08:07, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:34, 2 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Stamps of Germany (DDR) 1975, MiNr 2042.jpg

title: Talk:Operation Span (deception plan)


text:
Mueller

Mueller may refer to:

People

 * Mueller (surname), a surname German in origin
 * Robert Mueller, former American FBI director

Antarctica

 * Mount Mueller (Antarctica)

Australia

 * Mueller College, in Queensland
 * Mount Mueller (Victoria)
 * Mueller Park, in Western Australia
 * Mueller River (Victoria)

New Zealand

 * Mueller Glacier
 * Mueller River

United States

 * Mueller Bridge, near La Vernia, Texas
 * Mueller Homestead, in Utica, South Dakota
 * Mueller State Park, in Colorado
 * Mueller Tower, in Lincoln, Nebraska
 * Mueller Township, Michigan
 * Robert Mueller Municipal Airport, an airport serving Austin, Texas, prior to the construction of Austin-Bergstrom International Airport
 * Mueller Community, a planned community on the former site of the airport

Extraterrestrial

 * 4031 Mueller, an asteroid
 * 120P/Mueller, a comet
 * 136P/Mueller, a comet
 * 173P/Mueller, a comet

Companies

 * C.F. Mueller Company, an American pasta company
 * Hengeler Mueller, a German law firm
 * Mueller Industries, an American manufacturing company of metal and plastic products
 * Mueller Lumber Company, formerly located in Davenport, Iowa, United States
 * Mueller Water Products, an American manufacturer and distributor of water infrastructure products based in Georgia
 * Mueller Co., a subsidiary based in Tennessee
 * Mueller Systems, a subsidiary based in North Carolina

Other uses

 * Barbier-Mueller Museum, in Geneva, Switzerland
 * Mailman Mueller, a 1953 West German film
 * Mueller calculus, a matrix method for manipulating Stokes vectors
 * Mueller Cloth Mill, a museum in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
 * Mueller report, officially named Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election
 * Mueller, She Wrote, a podcast that debuted in 2017
 * Mueller v. Allen, a 1983 United States Supreme Court case
 * Mueller–Hinton agar, a microbiological growth medium
 * United States v. Mueller, an 1885 United States Supreme Court case

title: Mueller


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Poland/PLCOTW/Wawel

Wawel series
 * 1) Witkacy 11:06, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Martewa 15:43, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Halibutt 15:04, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Akumiszcza 12:38, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Space Cadet 02:37, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Radomil 07:35, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)


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Talk:Water lily

NOTE: ''Please do not redirect Water lily to Nymphaeaceae. One genus of water lilies, Nelumbo, is not part of the family Nymphaeaceae.''

In English, a species of Nelumbo is sometimes called the "sacred water lily," but it is not called water lily. If you disagree, provide a verifiable source for this name, otherwise I will change it back, and edit the pages you've added this to. Thanks, KP Botany 22:10, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

i need infomation on water llys were can i find some????? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 125.237.106.162 (talk) 20:01, 14 May 2007 (UTC).

title: Talk:Water lily


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User talk:AlexR/gender

Hi AlexR, Just popping along to see what needs doing for this page. I'd be interested in helping out. I'd be interested to know what you like and dislike about Arbor's version, compared to your own. Axon 11:20, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:AlexR/gender


text: Template:Amphoe Phayao

title: Template:Amphoe Phayao


text: Category:Villages in Monmouthshire

title: Category:Villages in Monmouthshire


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Algerine-class minesweeper

The Algerine-class minesweeper was a large group of minesweepers built for the Royal Navy (RN) and the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) during the Second World War. 110 ships of the class were launched between 1942 and 1944.

Design and description
By 1940 the Royal Navy had realized that the Bangor-class minesweepers were too small to carry the equipment needed to handle magnetic mines. A bigger ship was designed, ironically about the same size as the older Halcyon-class minesweeper that the Royal Navy had rejected earlier as too large and expensive for mass production. The size of the new ship made them suitable for use as ocean-going escort ships and many were used to supplement specialist escorts. Most of the ships built for the RCN were solely employed as such and were fitted with more anti-submarine weapons than the RN ships. To maximise production, alternate designs were made to use either steam turbines or reciprocating steam engines. This enabled ships to be built at yards more used to merchant ship design and as with other mass-produced escort vessels (such as the Flower-class corvettes or the River-class frigates, could use merchant-style reciprocating vertical triple expansion (VTE) engines.

Both groups of ships had the same dimensions, although the VTE powered ships had a greater displacement and a deeper draught. The hull measured 225 ft long overall with a beam of 35 ft. The turbine group had a draught of 11 ft while the reciprocating engined ships sat 1 ft deeper in the water. The turbine-powered ships displaced 850 LT at standard load and 1125 LT at deep load while the reciprocating engined group displaced 1010 - 1030 LT at standard load and 1305 - 1325 LT at deep load. The ships' complement consisted of 85 officers and ratings.

The turbine-powered ships had two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by two Admiralty three-drum boilers. The engines produced a total of 2000 shp and gave a maximum speed of 16.5 kn. The reciprocating engined ships had two vertical triple-expansion steam engines totalling 2400 ihp and reached the same speed. They carried a maximum of 660 LT of fuel oil that gave them a range of 5000 nmi at 10 kn.

The Algerine class was armed with a QF 4 in Mk V anti-aircraft gun and four twin-gun mounts for Oerlikon 20 mm cannon. The latter guns were in short supply when the first ships were being completed and they often got a proportion of single mounts. By 1944, single-barrel Bofors 40 mm mounts began replacing the twin 20 mm mounts on a one for one basis. All of the ships were fitted for four throwers and two rails for depth charges. Many Canadian ships omitted their sweeping gear in exchange for a 24-bomb Hedgehog spigot mortar and a stowage capacity for 90+ depth charges.

The construction contracts were awarded to shipbuilders in both the United Kingdom and Canada.

 * United Kingdom
 * Blyth Dry Docks & Shipbuilding Co., Blyth
 * Fleming & Ferguson, Port Glasgow
 * Harland & Wolff, Belfast
 * Lobnitz & Co., Paisley
 * William Simons & Co., Paisley

 * Canada
 * Collingwood Shipbuilding Co., Collingwood
 * Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Thunder Bay
 * Toronto Shipbuilding Co., Toronto
 * Redfern Construction Co., Toronto

Construction
A total of 94 Algerine class vessels served with the Royal Navy; of these 45 were built in the UK and another 49 in Canada. A further 12 vessels served with the Royal Canadian Navy; all these were built in Canada.

The ships were built in the UK were ordered under the 1940 to 1943 war emergency building programmes. The companies involved were Harland & Wolff (22), Lobnitz (18), Blyth (2), Fleming & Ferguson (1) and William Simons (2). Another 15 were ordered in 1943 but cancelled, to free yard space for building Loch class frigates. The ships were built in two types; 26 powered by steam turbine and 22 by reciprocating or vertical triple expansion (VTE) steam engines. The turbine powered ships were all built by Harland & Wolff, save two, built at Blyth; the VTE powered ships were built at Lobnitz, Simons and Fleming & Ferguson.

Of the ships built in Canada, the companies involved were Toronto Shipbuilding (later Redfern), Port Arthur and Collingwood. All the Canadian-built ships were VTE powered. Only 12 of these ships served with the RCN; a further 17 were built for the RCN but transferred to the Royal Navy in exchange for an equal number of Castle-class corvettes, as the RCN was in need of escort vessels. Fourteen ships were built for the United States Navy, but again were transferred to the RN on completion under Lend-Lease. Nineteen ships were ordered directly by the RN under the 1943 programme; a further six ships were ordered, but cancelled.

Service history
The Algerine class vessels in service with the Royal Navy were employed mainly as minesweepers, though they were equipped as anti-submarine warfare vessels also, and could serve as escort ships as needed. Their ASDIC and depth-charge equipment was equal to that of the Flower-class corvettes, or even River-class frigates, though they were not equipped with forward-firing weapons like Hedgehog. Five Algerines were sunk in action, and four others were declared constructive total losses after sustaining damage.

The Algerines of the Royal Canadian Navy by contrast were employed as escorts. They were not fitted with mine-sweeping gear, though they were optimized for service in the Arctic. The Algerines served principally as senior ships in Canadian escort groups of the Western Local Escort Force and the Halifax Force. No RCN vessels of the class were lost.

Post-war service
After the war, a number of Algerines continued in service as patrol boats, survey ships, and training ships. On 11 March 1959, HMS Acute and HMS Jewel, training ships at Dartmouth, rescued the burning German coaster Vorman Rass, off Start Point, Devon. At least one, HMS Pickle, was still engaged in minesweeping duties in British waters as late as 1955. All Algerines in RN and RCN service were disposed of by the late 1950s or early 1960s.

Some were sold to other navies or into merchant service. The fourteen ships under Lend-Lease were returned to the USN in 1946; five of these later transferred to the Greek Navy. Of the RN ships, five were transferred to the Belgian Navy, two to South Africa and two to Ceylon; another five, one apiece, were acquired by Burma, Nigeria, Italy, Iran, and Thailand. Two RCN ships were transferred to Belgium in 1959 as replacements for two ex-RN ships that were due for disposal. One, HTMS Phosampton (ex-HMS Minstrel (J445)), was in service until 2012 with the Royal Thai Navy.

Algerines sunk in action
Five Algerines were sunk in action, and four others were declared constructive total losses after sustaining damage.
 * HMS Algerine (J213) was torpedoed by the ITALIAN SUBMARINE Ascianghi off Bougie, Algeria on 15 November 1942.
 * HMS Alarm (J140) was damaged beyond repair by air attack off Bône, Algeria on 2 January 1943.
 * HMS Fantome (J224) was mined, and damaged beyond repair, in the Mediterranean on 20 May 1943
 * HMS Loyalty (J217) (ex-Rattler) was sunk by the GERMAN SUBMARINE U-480 in the English Channel on 22 August 1944.
 * HMS Hydra (J275) was mined, and damaged beyond repair, off Ostend on 10 November 1944
 * HMS Regulus (J327) was sunk by a mine off Corfu on 12 January 1945.
 * HMS Prompt (J378) was mined, and damaged beyond repair, off Ostend on 9 May 1945
 * HMS Squirrel (J301) was sunk by a mine off Phuket, Thailand on 24 July 1945.
 * HMS Vestal (J215) was sunk by a Japanese kamikaze plane off Phuket, Thailand on 26 July 1945.

title: Algerine-class minesweeper


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Danijela Martinović

Danijela Martinović (born 15 July 1971), also known mononymously as Danijela, is a Croatian pop singer.

Biography
Born in Split to Croatian parents, Martinović began to sing from an early age. She has a sister, Izabela, who also pursued a music career through Split-based pop act Stijene. Her big breakthrough came in 1991 when she joined the pop band Magazin. Magazin had long been a big name on the Croatian music scene (as well as the wider area, dating back to Yugoslav times); as such, Martinović became one of the biggest national icons. They represented Croatia at the 1995 Eurovision Song Contest, along with the opera singer Lidija Horvat-Dunjko, they performed the song "Nostalgija" finishing 6th (out of 23 entries) with 91 points.

In 1996 she left Magazin to pursue a solo career, but she continued to work with the band's leader and prolific songwriter Tonči Huljić. That partnership resulted in Martinović winning the 1998 Dora contest with the ballad "Neka mi ne svane" ("May the Sun Never Rise") and becoming the Croatian representative at the 1998 Eurovision Song Contest, where she came in 5th (out of 25) with 131 pts.

In 2007, Martinović participated in the Croatian version of the television show Dancing with the Stars, in which she danced with Nicolas Quesnoit (who was winner of the first season with Zrinka Cvitešić). She was eliminated in the 5th episode.

In December 2010 she released a song called "Pola Pola". In 2011 she released the album Unikat. She presented the song "Brodolom" ("Shipwreck") at the Croatian music festival SPLIT 2012. It became the biggest summer hit in Croatia. The song reached more than 3 million views on YouTube in less than one month.

Albums

 * with Magazin
 * Da mi te zaljubit' u mene (1991)
 * Došlo vrijeme (1993)
 * Simpatija (1994)
 * solo
 * Zovem te ja (1996)
 * To malo ljubavi (1998)
 * I po svjetlu i po mraku (1999)
 * Pleši sa mnom (2001)
 * Božić s Danijelom (2003)
 * Oaza (2005)
 * Canta y baila con Danijela (2006)
 * Unikat (2011)

title: Danijela Martinović


text:
Vasco Gonçalves

General Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves OA (Lisbon 3 May 1921 – 11 June 2005) was a Portuguese army officer in the Engineering Corps who took part in the Carnation Revolution and later served as Prime Minister from 18 July 1974 to 19 September 1975.

Early life
Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves was born on 3 May 1921, in Sintra, Portugal. His father, Vítor Gonçalves, was an amateur footballer turned foreign exchange dealer. He graduated from the Portuguese military academy as an engineer in 1942. Gonçalves married, in 1950, Aida Rocha Afonso, with whom he had a son, Vitor, and a daughter, Maria João.

In 1942, Gonçalves graduated from a Portuguese military academy in the Army Engineering Corps. As an officer, Gonçalves served in Portuguese Goa, and spent part of his military career in the Portuguese overseas territories of Angola and Mozambique.

In 1973, Gonçalves joined the Armed Forces Movement and was involved in the planning of the overthrow of the Estado Novo regime.

Political career
Gonçalves's tenure as Prime Minister of Portugal was marked by political turmoil and instability. The PM oversaw the transition of the Portugal into a democracy known as the Processo Revolucionário Em Curso or the Ongoing Revolutionary Process.

Early in March 1975, Gonçalves's leadership was challenged by a right-wing coup attempt which ultimately failed. Emboldened by this, the Prime Minister proceeded to nationalize all Portuguese-owned capital in the banking, insurance, petrochemical, fertilizer, tobacco, cement, and wood pulp sectors of the economy, as well as the Portuguese iron and steel company, major breweries, large shipping lines, most public transport, two of the three principal shipyards, core companies of the Companhia União Fabril (CUF) conglomerate, radio and TV networks (except that of the Roman Catholic Church), and important companies in the glass, mining, fishing, and agricultural sectors.

In April 1975, the Socialist Party and its allies gained a majority in the provisional constituent assembly; they quickly denounced Gonçalves, whom they accused of left-wing extremism, and they began a series of campaigns of civil disobedience against Gonçalves' government. On 18 August, Gonçalves delivered an impassioned speech decrying his political opponents. The tone of this speech raised doubts about his sanity and two weeks later, amid a growing threat of civil war, President Francisco da Costa Gomes dismissed Gonçalves.

Gonçalves' dismissal was met with heavy opposition from the radical Portuguese left, most notably from the Portuguese Workers' Communist Party, which organized mass demonstrations in Lisbon in September 1975.

Later life
After his tenure as Prime Minister, Gonçalves retired from politics and would occasionally attend rallies in support of movements from the left. His last public appearance was in 2004 at an event with Portuguese Prime Minister José Manuel Durão Barroso.

While remaining independent throughout his life, Gonçalves identified as a Marxist.

Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves died on 11 June 2005 at the age of 84 after drowning in his brother's swimming pool due to cardiac complications.

title: Vasco Gonçalves


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LMS Fowler Dock Tank

The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Fowler Dock Tank was an steam locomotive. Designed for shunting in docks, it had a short wheelbase in order for it to readily negotiate tight curves. The locomotives spent their entire lives painted in plain black.

History
The LMS were responsible for operating lines on a number of docks which, due to space constraints, contained curves considerably sharper than most other places, thus most dock tanks had only four coupled (i.e. driving) wheels in order to allow them to negotiate the tight curves.

Design
With the growth in freight a more powerful engine was required which resulted in this design by Sir Henry Fowler for an locomotive with a 9 ft wheelbase which, aided by the use of Cartazzi self-centring axleboxes on the rear axle, allowed the loco to negotiate curves of 2½ chains.

Construction
Ten of these simple sturdy locomotives were built on Lot 61 in 1928 and 1929 by Derby Works although, unusually for dock tanks they incorporated outside cylinders, these normally being considered too dangerous in an area where people were working close to the rapidly moving rods. Other than this they were typical of most dock tanks with simple slide valves and oval buffers.

Numbering
They were initially numbered 11270–11279, renumbered under the LMS 1933 renumbering scheme to 7100–7109, and renumbered again in 1939 to 7160–7169. Despite their small quantity, the LMS considered them standard locomotives. After nationalisation in 1948, BR added 40000 to their numbers making them 47160–47169, and allocated 5 of the 10 to Scottish depots, where they operated on branch lines as well as docks.

Withdrawal
Withdrawals took place between 1959 and 1964 with none surviving into preservation.

title: LMS Fowler Dock Tank


text:
Talk:Farfetch'd

Spring onion or a leek?
The article says that farfetch'd carries a spring onion, whilst in the anime it's referred to as a leek. It looks more like a spring onion, but do we now what other canonical sources consider it to be?

 * I was just randomly thinking about that myself; and it actually does greatly resemble a leek to me. Check out the leek page on the German wikipedia. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 23:32, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

It is a negi, also known as "welsh onion" (Allium fistulosum). See also Talk:Welsh_onion. --163.139.215.193 12:35, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

 * It's either a negi or a leek, not a spring onion. I could have sworn I've seen something officially calling it a leek in English..I should check.. -Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 11:07, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

I'm sure it's refered to as a Leek in the epsiode So Close yet so Farfetch'd... or something along that lines... definatley called a Leek there... in the anime --Phred Levi 02:54, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Proverb
The name comes from a Japanese proverb
 * Kamo ga negi wo shotte kuru.

or
 * A duck comes with negi on his back.

Duck and negi are the best partner for Nabemono dish like pizza and cola. If a duck appear with negi, this is a very good event. So the proverb means "Unexpected very good event".--Mochi 18:03, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Not a Negi
That may be the proverb, but no one overseas knows what a Negi is, especially children. I doubt Nintendo of America would use such an unfamiliar term. Almighty Rajah 00:00, 26 June 2006 (UTC)AlmightyRajah
 * Which is why "negi" is never used in any official American media, maybe?—ウルタプ 00:11, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
 * That's my whole point...we should consider Farfetch'd's stick to be a leek Almighty Rajah 21:29, 26 June 2006 (UTC)AlmightyRajah

Apostrophization
For the sake of consistency, I replaced all the curly apostrophes (’) with straight ones ('). --Brandon Dilbeck 21:33, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

The stick
Trading card, basic set has this caption: The sprig of green onions it holds is its weapon. And the card has an attack Leek Slap. Neo Revelation trading card's caption only says "essential plant sticks", but the card has an attack Leek Jab. If the green onion is same than leek, then it should be clear the stick is leek at least in the cards. 82.141.66.232 (talk) 08:57, 28 January 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Farfetch'd


text: Template:User ang-3

title: Template:User ang-3


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Live Online Portal

Live Online Portal (LOP) is malware that is installed on Microsoft Windows.

Lop.com is a web site owned by C2Media LTD. It is a pay-per-click search portal where other websites will pay for each click to their sites via LOP. A method they used to get people to their site was to install a browser hijacker component on people's computers which would advertise their site through pop-ups. The installer could turn the user's web browser into a device with different links to lop.com.

Older variants of LOP were quite predictable and installed Browser Helper Objects and startup entries with known names. Some later LOP variants used a string of pseudo-random words as their executable names and have been placing these executables in the user's application data directory. For example, there are LOP variants which call their file "meal dog house bone.exe".

title: Live Online Portal


text: Template:User ang

title: Template:User ang


text:
Samsø Højskole

Samsø Højskole was a folk high school on the island of Samsø in Denmark. It was founded in 1984. The courses were focused on nature, photography and art. Since 2002 courses were focused on obesity, weight loss, exercise, and healthy eating. Courses were offered twice a year, in September and January.

The school was forced to close in 2012, due to economical hardships.

title: Samsø Højskole


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Alvis Saladin

The FV601 Saladin is a six-wheeled armoured car developed by Crossley Motors and later manufactured by Alvis. Designed in 1954, it replaced the AEC Armoured Car in service with the British Army from 1958 onward. The vehicle weighed 11 tonnes, offered a top speed of 72 km/h, and had a crew of three. Saladins were noted for their excellent performance in desert conditions, and found favour with a number of Middle Eastern armies accordingly. They were armed with a 76 mm low-pressure rifled gun which fired the same ammunition as that mounted on the FV101 Scorpion.

The Saladin also spawned an armoured personnel carrier counterpart, the Alvis Saracen.

Despite the vehicle's age and dated design, it is still in use in a number of countries in secondary roles.

Development
Following the end of the Second World War, the British Army issued a requirement for a new, 6×6 wheeled armoured vehicle to replace the obsolete AEC Armoured Car. Design work began in 1947 and a contract was awarded to Alvis Cars to build two prototypes for trials. The new armoured car was designated FV601A and armed with an Ordnance QF 2-pounder gun. Alvis also proposed a much heavier fire support variant designated FV601B armed with a new 76 mm low-pressure gun. Design work on the FV601B was subcontracted to Crossley Motors, which engineered and manufactured six pre-production models. After further modifications by Alvis, the FV601C entered mass production in 1958 as the Alvis Saladin. Production of the FV601C and its variants continued at the Alvis factory at Coventry until 1972.

A special variant known as the FV601D was developed for law enforcement agencies and internal security purposes; this model lacked a co-axial machine gun and had different lights and smoke dischargers. The FV601D was only adopted by the German Federal Bundesgrenzschutz, which designated it Geschützter Sonderwagen III. A Saladin was also offered with the same 30 mm RARDEN autocannon as found on the FV510 Warrior and FV721 Fox, but this model did not find favour with the British military or any export customers.

The Federal Republic of Germany was the first country to express an interest in the Saladin, specifically the FV601D. When production began, export customers such as Australia, Indonesia, and Ghana also placed large orders for the vehicle. By the late 1960s, the British Army was beginning to dispose of second-hand Saladins as military aid for various Commonwealth member states. The Saladin performed well on the export market but was not as successful as its primary competitor, the French Panhard AML-90, which was much more heavily armed, and cheaper.

The Saladin shared many common components with the Saracen armoured personnel carrier, Stalwart high mobility load carrier and Salamander fire tender.

British Army
The Saladin was used by B Sqn 16/5 Lancers during their defence of Nicosia airport in 1974 and subsequent armed recce operations under the banner of the UN. Saladins were also employed by the British Army in Northern Ireland during The Troubles. In 1975 Saladins of B Squadron 1RTR were moved from Pergamos Eastern SBA to assist with the defence of Nicosia Airport, this was a stand off with Turkish forces and UN forces.

Australia
The Royal Australian Armoured Corps (RAAC) modified Saladin turrets, and fitted them onto M113A1 tracked personnel carriers; this combination was known as the Fire Support Vehicle (FSV). However, the same name was also used for a subsequent vehicle, based on the turret from the FV101 Scorpion (and accepted by the RAAC in 1976). This was later redesignated the Medium Reconnaissance Vehicle (MRV).

Oman
The Saladin was widely used by the Sultan of Oman's armed forces throughout the Omani Civil War, and saw extensive action during the period 1971 to 1976, supporting ground forces and on convoy patrol. Often crewed by British servicemen (loan soldiers) and Omani servicemen, the Sultan's Armoured Car Squadron consisted of an estimated 36 Saladins. They saw extensive action supporting troops from the British SAS, Oman Firqa, Oman regulars, and Iranian forces in their war with the Adoo. The squadron's vehicles were regularly attacked by Katyusha rockets, anti-tank mines, rocket propelled grenades, and light and heavy machine gun fire. Many vehicles were mined and repaired, and after the end of the war in 1976 the Saladin remained in service until the early 1980s. An unpublished account called The Tinned Equivalent was written in 1977, and details many of the events of that war.

Sri Lanka
The Ceylon Army received several ex-British Army Saladins following the outbreak of the 1971 JVP insurrection and were deployed counter-insurgency operations. These were used extensively by the Sri Lanka Armoured Corps in the 1980s in the early stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War, with its 76 mm gun being effective in countering insurgents. However, the wheeled vehicles had limited cross country capabilities and suffered damage from IEDs and RPGs in urban areas. In one case, in July 1987 during an insurgent attack on an army encampment in Jaffna, a Saladin was knocked out when an RPG entered through the drivers viewing portal, killing the driver and a sergeant inside. The LTTE mounted the turret of a captured Saladin on to a captured YW531 turning it into a light tank, which was later captured by the Sri Lankan Army at the end of the civil war. The Sri Lankan Army phased out its Saladin's from its A list in the 1990's due to lack spares from the United Kingdom and replaced it with BMP-1 IFV after an order for Cadillac Gage Commandos fell though. It retained one for ceremonial use. Saladins remained in reserve status till the end of the war in 2009. It forms the tank crew pin of the Sri Lanka Armoured Corps.

Kuwait
During the 1990 invasion of Kuwait, Saladins were filmed on the streets of Kuwait City during Battle of Dasman Palace against Iraqi forces.

Indonesia
The Indonesian Army (TNI AD) uses the Saladin for "KOSTRAD Cavalry Battalion", "KOSTRAD Recon Company" and Armoured Car Company. In 2014, the Indonesian Army confirmed that it was continuing to deploy the Saladin in active operations. Indonesian Vice President Jusuf Kalla charged state-owned arms manufacturer Pindad with developing a modernization package for the Saladin in early 2016, indicating the armoured car would continue to remain in service for some time. By the end of the year 16 Indonesian Army Saladins had been modernized by Pindad.

Sudan
The Sudanese Army deployed Saladins during the Second Sudanese Civil War, some being captured by the SPLA.

West Germany
Nearly 100 Saladins were exported to the Federal Republic of Germany as part of a British assistance programme for the fledgling Bundesgrenzschutz in the mid to late 1950s. In German service they were designated Geschützter Sonderwagen III and utilised for border patrols. All but 25, along with the entire German inventory of spare parts, were later resold to Honduras as part of a $7 million deal negotiated through Honduran defence contractor Gerard Latchinian. Honduran Saladins could be seen in the streets of Tegucigalpa in the 2009 coup against President Manuel Zelaya.

Operators

 * 🇧🇭 Bahrain: 8
 * 🇬🇭 Ghana: 15
 * 🇭🇳 Honduras: 72 ex-German examples; purchased in 1984; 20 operational.
 * 🇮🇩 Indonesia: 69; modernized in 2016.
 * 🇯🇴 Jordan: 130
 * 🇰🇪 Kenya: 10
 * 🇰🇼 Kuwait: 60
 * 🇱🇧 Lebanon: 40; possibly donated by Jordan.
 * 🇲🇷 Mauritania: 40; 10 operational.
 * 🇳🇬 Nigeria: 16
 * 🇴🇲 Oman: 10
 * 🇶🇦 Qatar: 30
 * 🇸🇩 Sudan: 9
 * 🇹🇳 Tunisia: 20
 * 🇺🇬 Uganda: 36
 * 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates: 70; 20 operational.
 * 🇾🇪 Yemen: 15

Former operators

 * 🇦🇺 Australia
 * Biafra
 * 🇩🇪: 97; used by the Bundesgrenzschutz.
 * 🇮🇶 Iraq: Captured Kuwaiti Vehicles, all scrapped or destroyed.
 * 🇱🇾 Libya: 40
 * 🇵🇹 Portugal: 39
 * 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone: 4
 * 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka: 18; 1 used in parades
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom: all retired and replaced by the FV101 Scorpion

Surviving vehicles
There is a Saladin on display as a gate guard at Episkopi Garrison, British Sovereign Base, Cyprus. It is dedicated to the memory of L/Cpl Nicholas Stokes, who died in a training accident in October 1992.

A decommissioned Lebanese Army Saladin is currently part of the "Hope for Peace" monument in Yarze, Lebanon.

There is an FV 601 Saladin in Yad la-Shiryon museum, Latrun.

There is an Alvis Saladin at Sri Lanka Armoured Corps Training Centre, Anuradhapura – a gate guard.

Several Saladins are parked at a tank garage at The Indonesian Army 4th Cavalry Battalion.

There are three surviving Saladins in The Tank Museum, Dorset, England. One, in all over green, is displayed in the tank story exhibition. The second, in all over tan, is in operational condition and used in events. The third, in a tan and green camouflage pattern, is part of the museum's reserve collection and is stored in the vehicle conservation centre.

There is a Saladin in the Muckleburgh Collection, Norfolk, England. It can be seen running at various time during the year.

There is a Saladin on display at the Kent and Sharpshooters Yeomanry Museum at Hever Castle in Kent.

There is a Saladin at the Dunmore Park base of the B Squadron "North Irish Horse" SNIY Scottish and North Irish Yeomanry, an Army Reserve regiment.

There is a Saladin at the Aldershot Army Museum

There is also a non-functioning Alvis Saladin displayed outside the Lebanese Army's military outpost in the mountain region of Baabda located between Hammana and Chbaniyeh.

An American college sports enthusiasts club in Knoxville, Tennessee, the "Big Orange Army" operates a Saladin painted orange as an advertising device.

There is another privately owned and fully operational restored 1959 Saladin AFV in Knoxville Tennessee. It has a live L5A1 76 mm main gun and a coaxial 1919A4 BMG with a Browning M2 Machine Gun top mounted on authentic US Mark 93 mounting hardware and gun shield plate.

There is a privately owned Saladin in the Hurst-Euless-Bedford area of Texas.

There is a Saladin as gate guardian at King Phraya Damrong Rajanupam Camp of the Royal Thai Border Police in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.

There is a privately owned Saladin in the Vancouver, British Columbia area of Canada.

There is a Saladin at the Inniskillings Museum in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.

There is a Saladin at Ryak Airfield in Lebanon.

Numerous Saladin survive in Australia, one example is on display at the RAAC Memorial and Tank Museum Puckapunyal, Victoria. and another complete operational, privately owned ex-British Saladin exists in the outer metropolitan region of Sydney. Many ex-Australian Army Saladins remain turretless because of the fitting of Saladin turrets on M113 carriers to make the Fire Support Vehicle (M113-A1 FSV) used in the Vietnam war. Two Saladins are on display at the Australian Armour and Artillery Museum located in Cairns, Queensland. One as the Gate Guard and the second (on display) is in running condition.

There is a privately owned Saladin in North San Diego County, California, USA, that was imported from the UK in 2019 and is currently under restoration.

title: Alvis Saladin


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Waterfalls (TLC song)

"Waterfalls" is a song by American hip-hop group TLC, released by LaFace and Arista as the third single from their second album, CrazySexyCool (1994), on May 22, 1995 in the United States, followed by a United Kingdom release on July 24, 1995.

Often considered one of the group's signature song s, along with No Scrubs, "Waterfalls" was an international hit, topping the charts in many countries. The song spent seven weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100, giving the group their second US No. 1; it was the No. 2 song of the year on the Billboard 1995 year-end chart. "Waterfalls" also peaked at No. 1 in New Zealand and Switzerland while reaching the top 10 in several other countries. "Waterfalls" received critical acclaim, earning two Grammy nominations at the 38th Annual Grammy Awards in 1996 for Record of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.

The song addresses the illegal drug trade, promiscuity, and HIV/AIDS. Jarett E. Nolan of BMG noted that "Waterfalls" was the first number-one song to refer to AIDS in one of its verses. The song's music video, directed by F. Gary Gray, reflected its socially conscious lyrics via a million-dollar budget and became an MTV staple that boosted the song's success, staying atop the MTV Video Monitor chart for over a month (and making TLC the first act to do so) and winning four MTV Video Music Awards in 1995, including Video of the Year (making them the first African-American act to receive the trophy).

Background
"Waterfalls" is an R&B song, written by TLC band member Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes with Marqueze Etheridge and Organized Noize, who also produced the song. Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas and Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins perform the song with Lopes, who also provides a rap verse (which is removed from some edits). The members of TLC, as well as Debra Killings and Cee-Lo Green, provide background vocals, while the improvised bass line is provided by LaMarquis "ReMarqable" Jefferson. Of Green's involvement, Watkins noted, "He was in Goodie Mob, we grew up together, we go way back. He (sang on the track) and it was amazing! I love his voice." Green later recalled to The Guardian on March 22, 2008, "I was working at the same studio and of course I know the girls too, because we were on the same label, so they just asked me. I didn't realize at the time what a big song it was going to be."

The song's lyrics refer to 1990s issues such as the HIV/AIDS epidemic and violence associated with the illegal drug trade. Watkins said that it was important for the group to "get the message across without seeming like preaching."

The TLC song shares elements with Paul McCartney's song of the same name, which opens with the line "Don't go jumping waterfalls, please keep to the lake." McCartney himself noted the resemblance, stating "In fact, somebody had a hit, a few years ago, using the first line...then they go off into another song. It's like, 'Excuse me?'"

Lopes' rap expresses personal problems that she was dealing with at the time. She had a very turbulent relationship with Atlanta Falcons football player Andre Rison, and on June 9, 1994, she burned numerous pairs of Rison's newly purchased tennis shoes in his fiberglass bathtub, which set his entire $2 million mansion ablaze. She pled guilty to arson and was sentenced to five years of probation and a $10,000 fine, but eventually reconciled with Rison.

Critical reception
"Waterfalls" received universal critical acclaim from music critics. J.D. Considine from The Baltimore Sun described it as "tuneful and intoxicating". Entertainment Weekly viewed it as a "Prince-inspired ballad" that "hint[s] at the artistic greatness TLC might achieve if freed from commercial concerns". Simon Price from Melody Maker felt the song "is worthy of the symbolic sex dwarf himself." In a separate review, Price named it Single of the Week, writing, "'Waterfalls' is nothing we haven't already heard in 'Sign O' the Times' or 'The Message': a cautionary, moral tale about a bad livin' young brother who upsets his mom by gangbanging and ends up with Aids, and personally, I left all that behind with Aesop's fables. I'm more interested in the sonics here, the opulent Paisley Park-ish production, the way the freeze-dried, shrink-wrapped street soul beats are wickedly at odds with T-Boz's languorous, husky vocals and Left Eye and Chilli's river-of-clear-honey harmonics." A reviewer from Music Week gave it four out of five, calling it "yet another radio-friendly hit", remarking that "TLC swap wackiness for a more mature affair".

James Hamilton from the Record Mirror Dance Update deemed it a "slinkily croaking and cooing girls' US smash rolling slow sombrely worded message song". Charles Aaron from Spin described it as "a Princely cautionary groove, in which pop's most intriguing trio offers a more harshly vivid portrait—that of a loved one (who should have known better) gone wanna-be dopeman. When T-Boz croons, "She gives him loving that his body can't handle / But all he can say is baby it's good to me", her resigned frustration is palpable. And every time Left Eye raps, "Dreams are hopeless aspirations in hopes of comin' true", I wince a little." Nigel Butler of Sputnikmusic compared it to esteemed artists such as Sly and the Family Stone, Ray Charles and Stevie Wonder. Butler wrote, "The arrangement and instrumentation is absolutely fantastic - if a bunch of great melodies had an orgy, the result would something a little like this - and the lyrics are the best on an album that maintains a shockingly high standard of songwriting. Left-Eye drops the album's best rap on this track too."

The song was nominated for two Grammys at the 1996 Grammy Awards: Record of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. Billboard named it No. 11 on their list of "100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time". It was also ranked 13th in VH1's "100 Greatest Songs of the Past 25 Years" and 8th on VH1's "100 Greatest Songs of the 1990s". In 2010, Billboard awarded the song the top position of summer songs in 1995.

Music video
The accompanying music video for "Waterfalls", directed by American director and producer F. Gary Gray and filmed at Universal Studios Hollywood from June 8–9, 1995, visualizes the two verses of the song, particularly during extended instrumental breaks after each verse:
 * An inner-city teen (played by Shyheim) ignores the pleas of his mother (played by Ella Joyce) to quit selling drugs; her spirit stands in front of him silently begging him to stop, but he is shot dead by a rival dealer (played by Bokeem Woodbine) as he is about to make a sale on a street corner. At the end of the video, the dead teen's own spirit is futilely trying to embrace his mother as she walks down the street, but as she can no longer see him, she walks through his ghostly form each time.
 * A woman (played by Gabrielle Bramford) eschews protection as she and her boyfriend (played by Paul J. Alessi) have sex. Over time, looking in a mirror, he notices that his face shows early symptoms of AIDS. A small twin photo frame nearby shows her picture in the left while a rapid montage of all her previous lovers flashes in the right. At the end, the two wordlessly sit at the edge of her bed as the man and his picture both fade away; the woman briefly sits alone until she and her picture also fade away, after which the unused condom appears in front of the now-empty frames.

The video also intercuts scenes of liquefied versions of TLC performing to the song while standing atop an ocean and performing in front of a real waterfall. Watkins later admitted that filming the group's scenes atop an ocean was very frightening, as they were standing on an unstable plastic platform and she was unable to swim; she recalled, "I thought I was gonna fall in. That’s why my feet are planted wide and still. You never see my feet move ever. You couldn’t move to the front or back, you could only go side to side." The numerous computer-generated effects were created by the visual design company Homer & Associates, which used motion capture technology to generate the images. The company used the same technique in their previous work on the video for "Steam" by Peter Gabriel and in the 1992 movie The Lawnmower Man.

In an interview with Billboard in 2021, Thomas explained that when discussing the video with Gray, she imagined the trio performing as water spirits, similar to the 1989 James Cameron movie The Abyss; Watkins conceptualized the storylines described in the verses, while Lopes pictured the trio traversing through outer space, passing planets before arriving on Earth; Gray modified Lopes' idea to show the trio coming straight from the sky.

As Clive Davis, the president of Arista at the time, initially disliked the song, TLC had to force their mentor L.A. Reid to convince Davis to allow release as a single and promotion for the song as well as the budget for the music video;  the video went on to win four awards at the 1995 MTV Video Music Awards: Video of the Year, Best Group Video, Best R&B Video, and the Viewer's Choice Award. Watkins stated in retrospect that the "video spoke for a whole epidemic."

Live performances
The song was performed at many awards shows, including the 1995 MTV Video Music Awards and the 1996 Grammy Awards. The group performed "Waterfalls" at the 1995 MTV Movie Awards wearing black tops and silver pants. The performance "was theatrical and kept true to the lyrical story." They also performed the song at MTV's 20th Anniversary on August 1, 2001, making it Left Eye's final performance with the group before her death. In September 1995, TLC performed "Waterfalls" in a medley with "Creep" and "Diggin' on You" on the British TV chart show Top of the Pops, aired on BBC One in the United Kingdom.

Remaining members T-Boz and Chilli performed the song along with Alicia Keys and fellow girl groups En Vogue and SWV at the 2008 BET Awards. Thomas and Watkins appeared on Good Morning America on October 15, 2013, to perform the song during promotion for the greatest hits 20 and the VH1 biopic CrazySexyCool: The TLC Story.

On November 24, 2013, TLC performed at the 2013 American Music Awards with special guest Lil Mama, who performed Left Eye's rap as a tribute to her.

Legacy
In December 1995, NME ranked "Waterfalls" number 10 in their list of "NME Writers' Top 50 Singles of 1995". About.com included it in their ranking of "The Best 100 Songs From the 1990s" in 2019. Bill Lamb stated that "slinky, gently insistent backing horns and guitar combine with smooth, languid vocals to create an instant R&B classic." He also felt that the song is "a disturbing commentary on street violence and its impact on the lives of young black men." Same year, Daryl McIntosh from Albumism said it is "a rare example of perfect production, poignant songwriting, and flawless vocal delivery." McIntosh added, "The lyrics offer cautionary tales of the allure of street life and uncontrolled sexual exploration. Interwoven by the melodic chorus". AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote that "Waterfalls, "with its gently insistent horns and guitar lines and instantly memorable chorus, ... ranks as one of the classic R&B songs of the '90s." Christine Werthman from Complex wrote that it "is drenched in water-droplet synth notes, live drums, rising horns, and a bass line that walks wherever it pleases." She noted that "it's a heavy song, but the warnings in the verses are buoyed by a rich, singable chorus, which certainly helped it get radio play."

Jeff Benjamin of Fuse felt that the track was "far more than just another pop hit: The track told a cautionary tale of HIV and AIDS, and its video depicted a man who didn't wear a condom with his girlfriend and later watched his body degenerate in the mirror." Sputnikmusic's Butler asserted that "any list of the best singles of the 90s that does not include this in the top 15 — at least — is among the worst lists ever written." Australian music channel Max placed the song at No. 196 on their list of "1000 Greatest Songs of All Time" in 2012. In 2017, Paste ranked the song number two on their list of the 10 greatest TLC songs, and in 2022, The Guardian ranked the song number one on their list of the 20 greatest TLC songs. In October 2023, Billboard magazine ranked it among the "500 Best Pop Songs of All Time".

After Lopes' tragic death in a car crash in La Ceiba, Honduras on April 25, 2002, the lyrics to her verse were engraved upon her casket.

Accolades
(*) indicates the list is unordered.

Track listings

 * US 7-inch and cassette single
 * A. "Waterfalls" (single edit) – 4:19
 * B. "Waterfalls" (album instrumental) – 4:42

 * US 12-inch single
 * A1. "Waterfalls" (single edit) – 4:19
 * A2. "Waterfalls" (DARP remix) – 4:27
 * A3. "Waterfalls" (album instrumental) – 4:42
 * B1. "Waterfalls" (ONP remix) – 4:34
 * B2. "Waterfalls" (ONP remix instrumental) – 5:19
 * B3. "Waterfalls" (acappella) – 4:05

 * US, Australian, and Japanese CD single
 * 1) "Waterfalls" (single edit) – 4:19
 * 2) "Waterfalls" (ONP remix) – 4:34
 * 3) "Waterfalls" (DARP remix) – 4:27
 * 4) "Waterfalls" (album instrumental) – 4:42

 * UK CD single
 * 1) "Waterfalls" (no rap radio edit) – 3:32
 * 2) "Waterfalls" (single version) – 4:19
 * 3) "Waterfalls" (ONP remix) – 4:34
 * 4) "Waterfalls" (DARP remix) – 4:27
 * 5) "Waterfalls" (album instrumental) – 4:42

 * UK 12-inch single
 * A1. "Waterfalls" (ONP remix) – 4:34
 * A2. "Waterfalls" (single version) – 4:19
 * B1. "Waterfalls" (DARP remix) – 4:27
 * B2. "Waterfalls" (album instrumental) – 4:42

 * UK cassette single
 * 1) "Waterfalls" (no rap radio edit) – 3:32
 * 2) "Waterfalls" (DARP remix) – 4:27

 * European CD single
 * 1) "Waterfalls" (no rap radio edit) – 3:32
 * 2) "Waterfalls" (ONP remix) – 4:34

 * Australian cassette single
 * A1. "Waterfalls" (single edit)
 * A2. "Waterfalls" (DARP remix)
 * A3. "Waterfalls" (album instrumental)
 * B1. "Waterfalls" (ONP remix)
 * B2. "Waterfalls" (ONP remix instrumental)
 * B3. "Waterfalls" (album version)

Bette Midler version
"Waterfalls" was recorded by singer and actress Bette Midler for her fourteenth album, It's The Girls! (2014). The track was made into a ballad and has a much slower tempo and its production is stripped down with a piano and a soft drum beat echoing in the background. Midler's cover does not include the rap part of the song.

In popular culture
The song was referred to in the film The Other Guys as one of many references to songs by TLC made by one of the characters. Thomas and Watkins rerecorded "Waterfalls" with Japanese pop and R&B singer Namie Amuro in 2013 for the song's twentieth anniversary. The song peaked at No. 12 on Japan's Hot 100 chart. That same year, the song was referred to in the film We're the Millers as Will Poulter performs Lopes's rap. The song also appears in the film's end credits. In 2015, the horror-comedy show Scream Queens featured the song in the pilot and is referred to numerous times in other episodes. It appears in the 2019 Marvel Studios film Captain Marvel, which is set in 1995, and in the 2009 film Couples Retreat.

title: Waterfalls (TLC song)


text:
Talk:Aerolíneas Argentinas Destinations

Delete:already exists older, and updated Aerolíneas Argentinas destinations (small D on destinations) -Mariano 11:36, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)

 * Changed to a redirect. Redirects are cheap and fun. Fawcett5 12:53, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

mmm well, they are cheap-. ;) -Mariano 14:04, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aerolíneas Argentinas Destinations