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User:Bastique/sandbox

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title: User:Bastique/sandbox


text:
Talk:Elias Ashmole

Name
What is the derivation of this unusual surname? Badagnani 03:20, 4 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Most likely a variation of Ashmore, originally a place name meaning "ash moor" (or "mere", i.e. "lake"). There is an Ashmore in Dorset. --Dhartung | Talk 05:27, 4 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you! Perhaps this, if it could be verified, could be added to the article.  It's funny that the "r" was exchanged for an "l," because this transposition is much more common of many speakers of East and Southeast Asian languages, many of which don't have a clear distinction between the two phonemes.  Badagnani 07:30, 4 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I see you or someone else has incorporated that, using a source I wasn't going to use. :-S Anyway, the L-R transposition is not unknown in European languages -- compare "castle" and "castro", off the top of my head. --Dhartung | Talk 07:47, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

School in london
This year was my last year in the Ashmole School located in london. When I first arrived at the school I was informed of a connection to Elias ashmole, of which I am unclear in; however there is definately a secondaryt school/sixth form in his name. http://www.ashmole.barnet.sch.uk/ Website of the school In question. Should it be mentioned in the article, or is it too small for a mention? If its not too small, I can provide images and information on the school itself. Jackpot Den 14:53, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * If there is a clear link between Elias Ashmole and the school then there could be scope to include it, he clearly has a legacy which may be of interest. It would be useful if you could find out a little more about the subject to introduce it.ALR 14:11, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Cannot edit this page?
I have tried to correct the misspelling (probably intentional) of the subject's name in a few paragraphs, but when I enter the editing view the name appears correctly spelled. I'm not an experienced wiki editor; can someone more knowledgeable figure out what's going on?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.6.2.209 (talk • contribs)
 * If you're talking about stuff like "assmole" or "asshole", that's vandalism that has been cleaned up by the time you click on the edit button. We're quick around here! --Dhartung | Talk 07:44, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

yes there is a clear link between Elias and Ashmole school. The school was named after him and there is a large portrait (the same one on the wiki page) of him in the main hall

Ashmole & Freemasonry
In the section about Ashmole's Masonic membership there are these two conflicting sentences: First, after quoting from Ashmole's diary in which he gives an accounting of his initiation in 1646, it then says, "Although there is only one other mention of Masonic activity in his diary he seems to have remained in good standing and well-connected with the fraternity as he was still attending meetings in 1682." Then it gives an account, quoted from Ashmole's diary about the meetings he attended in that year. Then, at the end of the paragraph it gives this conflicting statement: "Apart from these two, solitary entries in his autobiographical notes, there is no evidence whatsoever of Ashmole's involvement with early Freemasonry, whatever that was. Much has been speculated about Ashmole the Freemason; the evidence, however, is virtually non-existent."

I'm not certain how, after quoting from two separate entries about Ashmole's initiation at Warrington, and then again about his later involvement at meetings some 36 years later, both of which were written in Ashmole's own hand, one clueless Wikipedia editor writes: "Much has been speculated about Ashmole the Freemason; the evidence, however, is virtually non-existent." The "evidence," however, had just been quoted! How can it be "virtually non-existent?" This is the problem -- the inherent weakness, if you will -- of Wikipedia. What is the average reader to think when he reads these two conflicting entries, both in the same paragraph?

On the one hand, you have enthusiastic Freemasons wanting to make more of Ashmole's Masonic career than it probably warranted. Ashmole the man was probably more a product of the sum total of his environment than he was a product of Freemasonry alone. On the other hand, those editors with a anti-Masonic predisposition are more likely to discount his Masonic membership.

The reality is that Ashmole was probably somewhere in the middle. He was most likely admitted to the fraternity because some of his friends and acquaintances -- both his own family members like Col. Mainwaring, as well as some of his colleagues in the Royal Society -- were members of the Freemasons. And so it became a benign connection between them that they could quietly share, but not one that would be prominently featured in his daily diary entries.

But in this polarized world of red states and blue states that we live in today, where nothing is gray, or "middle of the road," you won't find many reasonable assessments like the one I just wrote above appearing in Wikipedia articles. More's the pity. PGNormand 16:29, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Ashmole & Esotericism
The article says that AShmole's studies into Alchemy, Kaballah etc 'were essentially backward-looking'. I'd like to know why? Is it because the article writer finds this side of his life embarressing? It may well be that these studies were absolutely integral to his career as a historian, scientist and thinker as well as philanthropist. Given the research scholars like Frances Yates put into tracing the influence of these ideas and their devotees on the development of Western culture, philosophy and science I think this needs a little reevaluation. Modern psychologists like Jung studied these subjects too. Were they 'essentially backward-looking'. Obviously not. Ashmole's career as a Freemason would have indicated that study of the esoteric was fundamental to how he lived his life as in those days that was what Freemasonryw as. 80.169.172.243 15:54, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I would agree that the "backward-looking" needs to be rethought (but for a different reason). Isaac Newton and Robert Boyle were also dedicated alchemists and they are not described as "backward-looking." It is all about historical context. Awadewit 11:38, 3 March 2007 (UTC)
 * The man is an antiquarian. Of course he's backward-looking. Occultism, however, is probably more popular today than his collection of artifacts. "Backward-looking" is simply applied to the wrong part of this article. 67.49.247.73 17:25, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Please look again at the writings of Frances Yates. She takes the work of Marin Mersenne,Quaestiones celeberrimae in Genesim (1623) as watershed in late renaissnance thoughtas regards magic. In her terms, Ashmole would beregarded as backward looking. If this analysis is attributed to sources then the querent can consider the view in its context. Harrypotter 20:18, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Proposal to remove date-autoformatting
Dear fellow contributors

MOSNUM no longer encourages date autoformatting, having evolved over the past year or so from the mandatory to the optional after much discussion there and elsewhere of the disadvantages of the system. Related to this, MOSNUM prescribes rules for the raw formatting, irrespective of whether or not dates are autoformatted. MOSLINK and CONTEXT are consistent with this.

There are at least six disadvantages in using date-autoformatting, which I've capped here:

Removal has generally been met with positive responses by editors. I'm seeking feedback about this proposal to remove it from the main text (using a script) in about a week's time on a trial basis. The original input formatting would be seen by all WPians, not just the huge number of visitors; it would be plain, unobtrusive text, which would give greater prominence to the high-value links. BTW, anyone has the right to object, and my aim is not to argue against people on the issue. Tony  (talk)  12:32, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

New file File:Elias Ashmole by John Riley.jpg
Recently the file File:Elias Ashmole by John Riley.jpg (right) was uploaded and it appears to be relevant to this article and not currently used by it. If you're interested and think it would be a useful addition, please feel free to include it. This appears to be different from the existing John Riley portrait in the article. Dcoetzee 12:30, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Loyalty
Ashmole is here described solely as a Royalist, however in the late Martin Short's skeptical review of Freemasonry, Inside The Brotherhood, 1989, there is a disquieting rumour:

''England's first recorded initiate, Elias Ashmole, was a captain in Lord Ashley's Royalist regiment when he joined a Warrington lodge in 1646. In his diary he says his fellow-initiate that day was Colonel Henry Mainwaring, who was a Parliamentarian. He was also Ashmole's father-in-law. Ashmole had been captured by the Roundheads, but also by a Roundhead's daughter and by Freemasonry. He changed sides and returned to London a Roundhead himself. It seems likely that he became a Mason to appease his captors, even to save his own skin.''

Chap. 31.

I desperately hope this is untrue: the masonry is unimportant;  but to betray his King meant becoming a damned soul.

Claverhouse (talk) 22:14, 27 May 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Elias Ashmole


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Globosearch

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 01:14, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Globosearch
Search engine spam. NSR 22:01, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as spam. User:83.237.17.93, the creator of some links to the article and possibly the article itself, has vandalized this VfD. Martg76 22:54, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: spam, no evidence of notability. Wile E. Heresiarch 03:31, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Spam? Hmm... Where?
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
File:Horak007.jpg

Summary
An illustration of James Bond by artist Yaroslav Horak for the Daily Express newspaper.

Fair use rationale
It is believed that this image, Horak007.jpg, is subject to fair use in the article James Bond (comic strip) because: It is believed that this image, Horak007.jpg, is subject to fair use in the article Yaroslav Horak because:
 * The image is used for identification and critical commentary of the article subject
 * No free or public domain images have been located for this book.
 * Image is used for informational purposes only. Its use does not detract from either the original cover, or from the book itself.
 * As only one page of a multiple page story, the image does not limit the copyright owner's ability to sell the issue from which it came
 * The image is used for identification and critical commentary of the article subject
 * The image is used to provide a sample of the comic book artist's work
 * The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the original work.
 * The image is a web-resolution image, of lower resolution than the original (copies made from it will be of inferior quality).
 * As only one page of a multiple page story, the image does not limit the copyright owner's ability to sell the issue from which it came
 * It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to market or sell the work in any way.
 * No free or public domain images may be located for this item.
 * It is used in Wikipedia only for educational purposes and is not used for profit.
 * Its use on Wikipedia does not compete with the copyright holder.
 * Its use on Wikipedia is not expected to decrease the value of the copyright to its holder.

title: File:Horak007.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nathan white

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 01:14, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Nathan white
Textbook vanity CunningLinguist 22:03, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * You just barely beat me to the delete, literally seconds before I was about to submit my own VfD for this article. I concur. jglc | t | c 22:03, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Short article with little to no content. --Xcali 22:12, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with great speed...and justice! :P--Kross 22:38, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Martg76 22:50, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Deletize plz. kthx. --FCYTravis 22:53, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain, google test is a bit strange, maybe there is a notable Nathan White, but it's probably not this one. See . Ambush Commander 22:57, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. Someone can create an article on the Nathan White who died in Iraq, with correct capitalization, if they want. --Etacar11 23:00, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 06:22, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Elias Ashmole/archive1

Elias Ashmole
I've been working on this for the last couple weeks, and finally got it posted. I guess I'm thinking about eventually proposing it for FA. Mostly, I want to make sure that there are no serious lapses, and that the level of detail is appopriate. (A note about the picture: there are much better pictures out there, but this is the best one I've found with reliable and complete source info.) PRiis 22:04, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I have done a light copyedit and added links (many unfortunately red - Garter King-of-Arms, for goodness sake - but there we go). An image of the Ashmolean may be a good idea.  Otherwise, looks ready for FAC to me. -- 14:25, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for going through it. Yeah, a lot of red, but hopefully they won't stay red for too long. I'll look for a good Ashmolean pic. PRiis 21:23, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * My web searches haven't turned up anything suitable, so I've put in a request at WP:RP. PRiis 04:51, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

It's truly a pleasure to see the PRiis Model Featured Article Workshop under steam again! Hi, Pete, the Ashmole article's looking very good, but I think you'll get asked for greater detail on WP:FAC. Especially for a fuller Lead, and more detail in the first paragraphs. I understand the principle that he did more important things later in life, but I still think the first paragraphs are unnecessarily bald. If there isn't more info available, I'd still quite like more explanation. Take the paragraph "Ashmole was a firmly committed royalist..." It's more interesting to be told what that meant--to be reminded of who he was committed to--than to have to click on the royalist link (and be sent to a disambig page, yet). If it was me, I would also explain what being King's Commissioner of Excise entailed and what it says about his position, his loyalties, his status, his income (except that I wouldn't know ;-)). And what kind of a military post, through whose influence? Do you know how he "became associated" with Brasenose College, it sounds a little vague? Was there a political reason he left Oxford in 1645? Stuff like that.

Generally, I feel that the text relies a little heavily on having the reader click on wikilinks. Take the Philosopher's Stone. Of course that should be a link, for the reader who wants a full account and explanation of the concept; but I think there should also be an explanatory sentence around the link, for the reader who just wants to read this text--a quite honorable wish, which also needs to be catered for. The alchemy paragraph is very interesting! It raises some questions: it sounds almost provocatively exotic that an "annotated compilation of alchemical poems in English" would be an important alchemical work. How was it his most important work, exactly..? Oh, and a detail: the last sentence bothers me a little. How do you mean, "Though"? Why would the factors mentioned make him more likely to carry out experiments (as "operations" should perhaps be translated)? From your chronology, I get the impression that he abandoned alchemy before the rage for experiments--I'm a bit hazy on this, but wasn't it fairly common before the Restoration to construct oneself as an alchemist through reading books, rather than by getting down and dirty in the lab? Perhaps that's my prejudice (successfully floated down the centuries on a wave of Royal Society propaganda).

I love the final sentence, but the final paragraph is a little abrupt otherwise, with a lot of same-y sentence structure. Also POV: "He was an ambitious man with a strong will", etc. Your references look fine, but I should warn you that FAC has become a lot more concerned with inline references since your last FA: you'll certainly be asked to ascribe every dot of the opinions in the last paragraph to a particular source. (In fact this may come in the form of a request for footnotes, but don't believe anybody who tells you it's obligatory to give the information in that form--it isn't.)

I don't quite understand what the problem is about the image. Of course you've seen this lovely baby (scroll down). MQ Magazine, which is one of your sources, claims that it's from the National Portrait Gallery, in other words that it's the same (obviously cropped) as this mean little scan which the NPG provides, according to their custom. Which part of the info do you consider inadequate? It's a little weird that the NPG says in one place that John Riley is the artist and in another that it's "after" Riley, admittedly, but if I were you I'd just quote the contradiction on the image description page and go ahead and use it. Unless there's some further problem that I'm missing? Best wishes, and again, lovely to see you back! Bishonen | talk 21:31, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * All righty! Thank you for going into that kind of detail--it's nice to get this kind of reading, and I know it's not always easy to put your finger on just what's needed (but you do it so well!). I'm pretty clear on the work needed on the lead, detail on the early years, making things more explicit and not relying too much on links. So I'll get to work on that and the lots of other points. (I won't go through them one-by-one, but I've printed them out as a roadmap.)

 * I did notice that in-line citations seem to be a bigger deal now on the FA page. Do you think the assertions in the last paragraph are the only kinds of things that would need in-line citations? Are they expected for non-controversial biographical facts?

 * About the picture. Most of the other pictures out there didn't have any real source info at all. I do love that picture from the MQ magazine. I thought about it--I guess the fact that it's from the NPG is what makes me nervous. I know that these should all be public domain because of Bridgeman, but I worry that the NPG might be more likely to raise a fuss than some random .edu page (where I'm sure nobody cares)--especially because they already have a system for charging exorbitant prices for the use of "their" scans on the web. Anway, I'm pretty sure that one is "after Riley" rather than Riley. If you' think it's OK, I'd love to use the Big Face!

 * Thanks again for spending this kind of time, and I'll report back! PRiis 03:34, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Big Face: pish. It's we who should be raising the fuss, about the misleading copyright claims the NPG and other museums make on their sites to try to intimidate people. Anyway, Wikipedia is crammed full of two-dimensional representations of these 100+ year-olds, we have a template,, specially for the purpose of claiming them to be public domain, and I've never heard of any of the wiki image copyright cops having thoughts of questioning or deleting them. So, if it should turn out we're wrong about Bridgeman, Wikipedia is going to be in so much trouble that one more or less isn't going to matter. :P

 * About inline citations for the rest: well, on a common sense principle exclusively, by no means to clutter up the text like it was a research paper. Actually I think a little discussion of the sources as such wouldn't hurt any, and that could perhaps be made to conveniently stand in for specific inline refs—you know, the "this account is based on blabla unless otherwise indicated" kind of thing. Has Hunter updated Garnett significantly? Are there reliability issues? You could tuck anything like that out of the way as annotations in the reference section, or put it up front the way it is in John Vanbrugh ("Early life section"), or whatever would be more convenient. I suppose the final paragraph is in fact based on Garnett? If your formulations in that paragraph are very close to his—I sort of get an impression they might be—if you're pseudo-quoting him, you might want to think about having more of the quoting actual and acknowledged. I don't have access to the DNB (curses! workplace too mean to subscribe to it!) to take a look for myself, unfortunately. Please let me know if I'm not making sense here! I look forward to seeing this on FAC. Bishonen | talk 11:46, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, now that that ndash thing is all straightened out, I think I'm ready. Has everything been addressed? PRiis 1 July 2005 20:40 (UTC)


text:
Taurocholic acid

Taurocholic acid, known also as cholaic acid, cholyltaurine, or acidum cholatauricum, is a deliquescent yellowish crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals. It is a conjugate of cholic acid with taurine. In medical use, it is administered as a cholagogue and choleretic.

Hydrolysis of taurocholic acid yields taurine.

For commercial use, taurocholic acid is manufactured from cattle bile, a byproduct of the meat-processing industry.

This acid is also one of the many molecules in the body that has cholesterol as its precursor.

Toxicity
The median lethal dose of taurocholic acid in newborn rats is 380 mg/kg.

title: Taurocholic acid


text:
Cicisbeo

In 18th- and 19th-century Italy, the cicisbeo (, , ; plural: cicisbei) or cavalier servente (chevalier servant) was the man who was the professed gallant or lover of a woman married to someone else. With the knowledge and consent of the husband, the cicisbeo attended his mistress at public entertainments, to church and other occasions, and had privileged access to this woman. The arrangement is comparable to the Spanish cortejo or estrecho and, to a lesser degree, to the French petit-maître. The exact etymology of the word is unknown; some evidence suggests it originally meant "in a whisper" (perhaps an onomatopeic word). Other accounts suggest it is an inversion of bel cece, which means "beautiful chick (pea)". According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded usage of the term in English was found in a letter by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu dated 1718. The term appears in Italian in Giovanni Maria Muti's Quaresimale Del Padre Maestro Fra Giovanni Maria Muti De Predicatori of 1708 (p. 734).

Social importance
This arrangement, called the cicisbeatura or cicisbeismo, was widely practised, especially among the nobility of the Italian cities of Genoa, Nice, Venice, Florence and Rome. While many contemporary references to cicisbei and descriptions of their social standing exist, scholars diverge on the exact nature of the phenomenon. Some maintain that this institution was defined by marriage contracts, others question this claim and see it as a peculiarity of 18th-century customs that is not well defined or easily explained. Other scholars see it as a sign of the increasing emancipation of aristocratic women in the 18th century.

The cicisbeo was better tolerated if he was known to be homosexual. Louise d'Épinay wrote from Paris to her friend Ferdinando Galiani about the impending departure of marchese Alvise Mocenigo, the Venetian ambassador, whose tastes the ambassador had displayed in Paris: "Nothing equals the friendly companionship afforded to a woman by men of those persuasions. To the rest of you, so full of yourselves, one can't say a word that you don't take as provocation. ... Whereas with those gentlemen one knows quite well that they want no more of us than we of them—one feels in no danger and deliciously free""

Regardless of its roots and technicalities, the custom was firmly entrenched. Typically, husbands tolerated or even welcomed the arrangement: Lord Byron, for example, was cicisbeo to Teresa, Contessa Guiccioli. After Byron's death, the Contessa's second husband, the Marquis de Boissy, was known to brag about the fact, introducing her as "Madame la Marquise de Boissy, autrefois la Maitresse de Milord Byron" (the Marquise de Boissy, formerly the mistress of Lord Byron). Byron also famously analyzed the institution from an English point of view in his poem Beppo. Attempts by the husband to ward off prospective cicisbei or disapproval of the practice in general was likely to be met with ridicule and scorn: "... for, you must understand, this Italian fashion prevails at Nice among all ranks of people; and there is not such a passion as jealousy known. The husband and the cicisbeo live together as sworn brothers; and the wife and the mistress embrace each other with marks of the warmest affection. [E]very married lady in this country has her cicisbeo, or servente, who attends her every where on all occasions, and upon whose privileges the husband dares not encroach, without incurring the censure and ridicule of the whole community."

Cicisbei played by set rules, generally avoiding public displays of affection. At public entertainments, they would typically stand behind their seated mistress and whisper in her ear. Customs of the time did not permit them to engage in relationships with any other women during their free time, making the arrangement rather demanding. Either party could decide to end the relationship at any time. A woman's former cicisbei were called spiantati (literally penniless, destroyed), or cast-offs.

In the arts
The topic can be found in the contemporary poem Il Giorno (1763) by Giuseppe Parini. Other works from the period which make use of the topic include:
 * Così fan tutte Act II scene 1 (1790), an opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 * The Antiquarian's Family (1749), a comedy by Carlo Goldoni
 * L'italiana in Algeri (1813) and Il turco in Italia (1788), operas by Gioachino Rossini
 * La Tosca (1887), play by Victorien Sardou, the basis of the opera Tosca by Giacomo Puccini
 * Beppo (1817), a poem by Lord Byron.

title: Cicisbeo


text:
Bustin' Loose (film)

Bustin' Loose is a 1981 American road comedy-drama film starring Richard Pryor and Cicely Tyson. It was directed by Oz Scott and Michael Schultz (uncredited) and written by Pryor (story), Lonne Elder III (adaptation), and Roger L. Simon (screenplay). Along with starring Pryor and Tyson, the film also features Robert Christian and George Coe. Bustin' Loose was produced by Michael S. Glick and Pryor.

Plot
Joe Braxton is a convict who violates his parole after a failed attempt to lift a bunch of televisions from a store in Philadelphia. After a dramatic attempt at reverse psychology with the judge, he is given a second chance at parole, and his parole-officer, Donald, has him do something for him.

Donald is also involved with school teacher Vivian Perry, whose school was just closed down by the city due to budget cuts. While most of the children have been relocated, eight special needs students have yet to be relocated. Vivian decides to take them to her aunt's farm in rural Washington. Donald is against it, and at first gets Joe to tell her the old bus she planned on using would not work. However, that blows up in his face, but Donald then decides to have Joe go ahead and drive the bus to Washington.

As Joe, Vivian and the kids ride the bus, the past lives and ailments of the kids are told:
 * Harold is blind, but so badly wants to drive a vehicle, and eventually does.
 * Anthony is a pyromaniac who accidentally burned his house down and killed his parents, whom he could not wake up.
 * Annie is a former Vietnamese child prostitute that has a knack for art.

Joe thinks he is there to fix and drive the bus, but he finds out his true knack is helping out the kids, especially shown when he scolds and councils Annie after she tries to sleep with him and saves Anthony from setting another person's property on fire, eventually taking the kids fishing for their first time.

After fixing the bus in the rain on a dirt road, Joe and Vivian have trouble getting it out of the mud. When Joe leaves to get help, he is found walking in lock step with a group of Klansmen, who follow him back to the bus. Joe then manages to talk the head Klansman and the rest into getting the bus out to get the kids to a hospital in Washington, suddenly claiming they are all blind. They agree sympathetically and push them out of the mud.

Somewhere in Montana, Donald catches up with them at a motel, after finding out Vivian lied to him and falsified the kids records. After trying to flee in the middle of the night, Donald catches up with them and demands they return to Philadelphia, which the kids, Vivian, and Joe all resist.

After arriving at the farm, Vivian meets with a banker in order to secure a $15,000 loan to save the farm. One of the other kids overhears them and tells the rest of the kids this. Joe then confronts the kids, who are whining and protesting about their fate. Joe learns about this as well and heads into town where he sees an ad for a "trapezoid scheme" and goes in to learn about it, dressed as a cowboy from Texarkana. Eventually, he works his way into sitting with the group and schemes to rip them off. He does and gets Vivian her $15,000 then leaves with her, while two men from the group pursue them. After evading them and burning the money, they go back to the farm and have an argument about the money.

They realize the old Rolls-Royce from the bank is there, and they find out the kids told the president of the bank (who is also the mayor of the town) lies about what good things Joe and Vivian did, and convinced the mayor to give the loan and make the kids a part of the community. After they celebrate, Donald shows up with a police officer demanding they all return to Philadelphia but has a confrontation with the mayor that he ends up losing. In the end, it seems that Joe is going to go back to Philly with Donald, but Donald gets to the end of the driveway, and changes his mind and lets Joe stay.

Cast

 * Richard Pryor as Joe Braxton
 * Cicely Tyson as Vivian Perry
 * Robert Christian as Donald Kinsey
 * George Coe as Dr. Wilson T. Renfrew
 * Earl Billings as man at Parole Office
 * Bill Quinn as Judge Antonio Runzuli
 * Fred Carney as Alfred Schuyler
 * Peggy McCay as Gloria Schuyler
 * Roy Jenson as Klan Leader
 * Alphonso Alexander as Martin
 * Kia Cooper as Samantha
 * Edwin de Leon as Ernesto
 * Jimmy Hughes as Harold
 * Edwin Kinter as Anthony
 * Tami Luchow as Linda
 * Angel Ramirez as Julio
 * Janet Wong as Annie
 * Nick Dimitri as Frank Munjak
 * Morgan Roberts as Uncle Humphrey
 * Inez Pedroza as herself
 * Gary Goetzman as Store Manager
 * Paul Mooney as Marvin
 * Paul Gardner as Anchorman
 * Ben Gerard as Man
 * Vern Taylor as Highway Patrolman #1

Production
Bustin' Loose was filmed in part in various towns in Washington state, including Carnation, Ellensburg, and Snohomish.

Music
Although the film's score was composed by Mark Davis, Roberta Flack also contributed new original music to the film and released a soundtrack for the film on June 5, 1981. Luther Vandross and Peabo Bryson contributed vocals to the album and Vandross wrote the song, "You Stopped Loving Me", which he later performed himself on his debut album Never Too Much.

Reception
Bustin' Loose opened number one at the box office in 828 theaters domestically. It grossed $6,622,753 in its opening weekend. Its run ended with $31,261,269 in the box office, domestically.

Critical response
Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote in his review: "Only the incomparable Richard Pryor could make a comedy as determinedly, aggressively sentimental as Bustin' Loose, which is about eight needy orphans and a $15,000 mortgage that's due, and still get an R-rating. Vulgar language is the reason, but because vulgar language is a basic part of the Pryor comedy method, one longs for his every assault on genteelism in Bustin' Loose, a film that would otherwise be painful." TV Guide gives Bustin' Loose 4 stars out of 5 stars.

Release
Bustin' Loose was released in theaters on May 22, 1981. The film was released on DVD on May 1, 2001, and again on January 11, 2005.

title: Bustin' Loose (film)


text:
Spirolina

Spirolina is a genus of foraminifera in the family Peneroplidae.

title: Spirolina


text: User talk:128.39.141.245

title: User talk:128.39.141.245


text: User talk:81.91.192.220

title: User talk:81.91.192.220


text:
Talk:Ascendancy (video game)

Ascendancy 2
I've heard about a sequel Ascendancy 2 but can't find any info about it? --90.219.167.234 (talk) 16:39, 7 June 2009 (UTC)
 * I believe the project was cancelled, or at least hasn't been shipped yet. I added what information I could find into the article - Logic Factory kept mention of the sequel on their site until 2007, when it was pulled. --Culix (talk) 03:00, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

Wrong Bug Report
Hello, I moved the bug report below to the discussion, as I think what is reported of is not a bug, but the power consumption of active shields. Shields that are active consume power every turn, as well for the player as for the AI. So if you have let's say 5 ships in one star system and all ships have their shields activated, then if one of your ship moves, all the ships drain power. If the enemy then shoots at you, al your ships and his ships drain power again. Thus it can be possible that you have only moved one ship and that all other ships have drained their power, only because their shields were activated. To save the power drain from the other ships, you should temporarily desactivate their shields until it is their turn to move, but the AI may not be that smart and activate its shields all the time therefore draining power of all its ships in the star system at every move.

--Toon Macharis 20:06, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Power consumption release problem
There is also a problem with power consumption of enemy ships. They appear to work off of the same power use across the current star system. So instead of each ship using power according to their actual expendature, all ships of the enemy are drained at the same time any ship from that species expends power. This seriously tilts the advantage over to the player. This might have been fixed by the bug patch at Logic Factory's web site linked below. However due to the way they released their patches - if you run the antag patch - then you aren't really sure if the antag patch incorporates what was released in the bug fix patch. However, the Antag patch seems to load with the same version number as if you load with the bug patch - so it's hard to tell (According to The Logic Factory's homepage the antag patch includes all bug fixes). Although such problems do exist, credit is given by most players to the fact that the patches are still hosted on the Logic Factory website.

Fansite links
I would like to add the links gathered at my fan site:

 * http://trascendancy.altervista.org/links.php

I also have updated the MODguide, available in the download page.

I'd be glad if someone reviews my request, thanks. --Legolas558 12:05, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I've added the link. I think it is in accordance with External links. jaco ♫ plane  12:34, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
 * thank you! I have edited the link to better fit the real linked content --Legolas558 16:46, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

Broken link
I have removed the Ascendancy2.com forums broken link

 * Ascendancy Message Board - a closed down message board run by a couple fans

Just to know, I could backup most of the content of those forums and now it is available in the downloads section ("historical downloads", requires registration) --Legolas558 16:11, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Antagonizer vs. Patch
I'm a bit indecisive about which one to use, I've played a while using Antag.exe, then run to a trouble, having my battleships equipped with Myrmidonic Carbonizer, but being unable to target enemy ships with it (just starlanes). So I switched to Patch.exe, which is two and half months younger (read: less buggy), proved to be right, as the enemy fleet was vaporized in few turns, but the AI got so lame it ruined the game in the long term anyway. Now I've looked in the .cob files and the Carbonizer is definend properly, so, what's going on, here? BTW, Replenisher replenishes the Carbonizer too.

Wrong shield strengths
Be warned, numerous faqs state incorrect strenght level of shields (cca double of actual values). This may be caused by incorrect values in commentaries in the help file, which was probably used to automatically create those faqs. Real values used by game engine are in other file, and were probably tuned down during betatesting, but not updated in the help file commentaries.

Gameplay description
I added a large gameplay description, which is in need of melding with the background description where it notes topography its elements. I think a portal is in need of this game, details on units, buildings, etc.--Notmyhandle 04:32, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I doubt the game is popular enough to warrant a portal of its own. I could be wrong, though. Chronolegion 11:49, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Are portals about popularity? I had just thought that it would add organization and allow more detail to the overall topic; will they not allow us?--Notmyhandle 22:31, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * All I was saying was that a popular game would allow more people to update said portal, correcting mistaken info, adding strategies and stats, etc. Chronolegion 12:30, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

 * If it exists, perhaps more people would contribute. I don't know how to start one, but if I did I would.--Notmyhandle 17:26, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Ship designs would probably make a great section to which players could contribute. I know there's an FAQ out there that has some great ship ideas. I particularly like the one that allows a ship to travel through multiple star lanes and red links in one turn, finally bringing the term "Blitzkrieg" to the game. Chronolegion 14:37, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Copyedit description
I was thinking of adding material from the William R. Trotter interview, where he says his over-enthusiastic review of the game permanently hurt his reputation. (I think he over-compensated, the game is quite playable.)

Instead, I discovered the article needs a lot of cleanup. (See WP:VG/GL for a not-amazing-difficult-to-deal-with explanation.) I've made standard copyedit changes, but just to the opening paragraphs, so folks can see where the content might be improved. This stuff really does matter: it reflects on the game itself (one of my favs).

A number of changes were made that should be made to the rest of the article, to get it close to Wiki style guidelines:

1) Removing "you" and "one", to replace with "the player", as per style manual.

2) Standard copyedit cleanup of unneeded words. E.g., "in order to travel" becomes "to travel".

3) Removes vague, subjective, original research statements such as "fairly complex, by 1995 standards". That's suitable for a fansite, but not an encyclopedia. E.g., what does "fairly complex" mean? That kind of statement needs an independent source (it can't be the personal opinion of the person who wrote in Wikipedia). I understand that this statement is just a way of giving a general idea of what's going on, but the problem is that it sounds like original research, and that's really not appropriate. See WP:OR on this. Another example is equating "starlanes" with "wormholes". The game doesn't use the word wormholes, so saying they are the same is personal opinion.

4) Fixes spelling errors. (In this case I made all the changes.) Alpha Ralpha Boulevard (talk) 04:44, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Alpha says: "I think he over-compensated, the game is quite playable." Me says: yes but barely. Antagonizer is necessary for some resistance. The music is hypnotic and running on a general scifi theme. That's actually the best part of it, but the graphics sometimes is somewhat impressive too. Rursus dixit. ( m bork3 !) 12:58, 2 November 2010 (UTC)

 * I've tried to clean up and organize the article, in compliance with the guidelines. I will continue working on in in the new few days. --Culix (talk) 03:07, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

Old 'fair use' requests
I have removed five requests for fair image use rationales from the talk page; they were taking up space and the images have long since been deleted. If you want to see them you can look at an old version of the talk page. --Culix (talk) 00:03, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

Other References
If anyone has a copy of the following magazines they apparently discuss Ascendancy in the editor's column and letters to the editor sections. --Culix (talk) 04:01, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Computer Gaming World, November 1996 - Editor's column.
 * Computer Gaming World, February 1997 - "Letter of the Month".

Ascendancy Awards
Since 2005 this article has said Ascendancy won "Best Strategy Software of 1996 by PC Gamer magazine". The claim has been copied all over the internet from this Wikipedia article, but I can't find any actual reference to back it up. I did come across this review from PC Gamer November 1995. In that article the reviewer (William Trotter) gives his opinion that "Ascendancy is strategy game of the year", but I don't believe that corresponds with an actual award from the magazine. The review also notes on the side that Ascendancy earns the "PC Gamer Editor's Choice" award, but that doesn't sound like the same thing. And it looks like the Editor's Choice award is the only one claimed by The Logic Factory on their website (see here).

If anyone has a reference for Ascendancy winning Best Strategy Software of 1996 by PC Gamer magazine please post here, or add the reference to the article. Until then I am removing the reference. --Culix (talk) 17:02, 5 December 2010 (UTC)

Screenshots
I have added some screenshots to the article to try and illustrate various aspects of the game. I added screens showing the System Display (planetary control, space combat, spaceships, star lanes); the Planetary Screen (Research/Industry/Prosperity levels, building on planets and in space, colored square topography); the Diplomacy screen (trading info, going to war); and the New Game Screen (showing the icons of different species, and controlling all of the parameters that go into a game).

I believe that these screens cover most major aspects of the game, and are broad enough to display and explain things in an encyclopedic article such as this wikipedia article. We don't have pictures of everything, but I don't think we need to. We don't want to spoil everything, and wikipedia is not a guide. Plus, videogame articles like StarCraft and Halo:_Combat_Evolved have become featured with a low number of screenshots, so I'm not sure we need to add more.

Regardless, feedback is welcome. I have tried to make the shots interesting by showing action, lots of races interacting, interesting galaxies, varied topography, etc. But if you have an idea for a shot we are missing, or a better shot that illustrates some key game element, I am happy to take more. --Culix (talk) 03:18, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

Release Dates
The wikipedia guidelines and discussion state that GameFAQs is considered a reliable source for video game release dates and publishers, so I have added this page as a reference. Still, if anyone can find a better reference for the release dates of Ascendancy (including exact dates) that would be good. --Culix (talk) 15:19, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

Assessment Request
I left a request for assessment on the project page. I have fleshed out the sections of the article and tried to make the writing flow well. I have added several screenshots and references. I believe the article meets all of the requirements of a B-class article. It still needs work and a bit of cleanup in the Reception section. Reliable reviews and references for the game are hard to find, so I am trying my best and cleaning up that section as I can find things. Feedback is welcome. --Culix (talk) 05:11, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I have assessed this as C-Class. There are several things that I see right now that stand in the way of a possible B-Class:
 * The paragraph structure needs some improvement. Try and avoid one-paragraph sentences whenever possible, and aim to write full paragraphs of text (normally somewhere around 4-8 sentences in length), and make sure they are consistent throughout the article when possible.
 * You currently have four non-free gameplay images in the article, which is a problem as far as the WP:NFCC is concerned. My recommendation is that only one gameplay image is necessary, which should be one that best conveys to readers the basic gameplay elements of Ascendancy.
 * There are still several maintenance tags and some verifiability gaps throughout the article. The "Gameplay" has some stuff cited, while others are not.
 * Work on those issues I mentioned above, and also ask for a WP:VG peer review after you have made some improvements so that you can get other people to look at, scrutinize, and suggest further improvements to the article. –MuZemike 00:51, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ascendancy (video game)


text:
The Maritime Trust

The Maritime Trust is a Registered Charity in England, based at 2 Greenwich Church Street, London SE10 9BG.

It was founded in 1970 and amalgamated with the Cutty Sark Society in 1975, and has a permit to restore, preserve, and display to the public historic British ships.

Vessels owned by The Maritime Trust include:

 * Cutty Sark — Greenwich
 * Gipsy Moth IV — Greenwich

title: The Maritime Trust


text:
Patricia Briggs

Patricia Briggs (born December 21, 1965) is an American writer of fantasy since 1993, and author of the Mercy Thompson urban fantasy series.

Biography
Patricia Briggs was born in 1965 in Butte, Montana, United States. She now resides in Benton City, Washington.

Briggs began writing in 1990 and published her first novel Masques in 1993. She wrote primarily in the fantasy genre until her editor asked her to write an urban fantasy. Her next novel, Moon Called (the first in the Mercy Thompson series), was published in 2006 and made it to the USA Today bestseller lists. The second book in the series, Blood Bound, made The New York Times Best Seller list. The third book, Iron Kissed, was a number one New York Times bestseller and subsequent novels have continued to perform similarly in sales.

Sianim series

 * 1) Masques (1993) also in Shifter's Wolf
 * 2) Wolfsbane (2010) also in Shifter's Wolf
 * 3) Steal the Dragon (1995)
 * 4) When Demons Walk (1998)

Hurog duology

 * 1) Dragon Bones (2002)
 * 2) Dragon Blood (2003)

Raven duology

 * 1) Raven's Shadow (2004)
 * 2) Raven's Strike (2005)

Mercyverse
For the complete Timeline for the "Mercyverse"

Mercy Thompson series
Briggs's Mercy Thompson series follows titular protagonist, Mercedes Thompson, through a series of misadventures featuring magical and otherworldly creatures from the fictional 'land of the Fae'.

Alpha and Omega series
This stand-alone series is woven throughout the Mercyverse, following Anna Latham, a fierce and empathetic werewolf, and Charles Cornick, the enforcer of the North American werewolves. Alpha and Omega begins while Mercy's story in Moon Called occurs. Then, starting with Cry Wolf, which is set right after the events of Moon Called, the series run parallel.

Stand-alone novels

 * The Hob's Bargain (2001)

Graphic novels
Set in the same world as the Mercy Thompson series
 * Mercy Thompson: Homecoming (2009)
 * Patricia Briggs' Mercy Thompson: Moon Called (2012)
 * Cry Wolf: Alpha and Omega (2012)
 * Mercy Thompson: Hopcross Jilly (2014)

title: Patricia Briggs


text:
Talk:Project HAARP

'From WP:RfD:

 * Project HAARP → High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program - The "Project" is redundant and unneeded. It's the same bad form as used in referring to an "ATM Machine" and does not belong on WP. A HAARP and a haarp redirect already exist, so removing this badly worded redirect should cause no problems. John Elder 22:24, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, we do have Project HARP, even thought HARP stands for "High Altitude Research Project". This sort of replication is common in English. I'd say keep, to prevent someone thinking we don't have an entry, and creating a duplicate. Noel (talk) 17:23, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, perhaps that needs to be here, too. Anybody can find HAARP simply by searching on HAARP. Furthermore, if the Project HAARP redirect is deleted, HAARP will still show up on the search. Try this for yourself - run a search for Program HAARP. Furthermore, if some poor seeker enters HAARP Project, they will not find the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program link anywhere near the top of the results returned. By your logic we should create a redirect for them. Is that what we want to do on WP, spend time creating all sorts of possible, incorrect redirects for people who seem unable to formulate a correct search? John Elder 05:17, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The Wikipedia search function is kind of wierd, which is why it's really good to have lots of redirects. E.g. not only does searching for both HAARP Project and Project HAARP not turn up anything (although there's a redirect at the latter!), but searching for "HARP Project" also returns a blank - even though there's also redirect at HARP Project! So it seems like having these redirects is valuable, particulary for preventing creation duplicate articles when people happen to typr in the wrong thing, and nothing shows up. Noel (talk) 21:37, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I must agree. Creating a rediredt after typing in a reasonable search phrase, finding nothing, and then locating the desired article strikes me as normal maintenance; and does not imply a Wikiproject:Create all possible redirects. Septentrionalis 15:48, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. "Encourages sloppy thinking", as you indicated on the talk page, is no reason to delete the redirect and inconvenience people, and strikes me as pretty condescending. I notice that ATM machine does exist as a redirect. Nickptar 00:14, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Why is this still on the list, anyway? Nickptar 00:16, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Because it took me a while to find the time to do the research and see which searches worked, and after posting that (on the 25th) I was waiting for a while to see if the original poster responded. Noel (talk) 00:56, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I've got no problem with it staying. I'm pretty new to the WP community, so this has been educational. Thanks, all. John Elder 03:51, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

i removed the speedy delete tag. What is wrong with the title??? Its very common -CunningLinguist 22:07, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You beat me to it, but I do have a RFD in. The "Project" in "Project High-Frequency Active Auroral Program," is redundant. It's the same kind of bad usage you hear when somebody speaks of an "ATM machine" (Automatic Teller Machine Machine). There are already redirect pages for HAARP. This one is redundant and encourages sloppy thinking and usage. John Elder 23:01, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Project HAARP


text:
Leonard Goldenson

Leonard H. Goldenson (December 7, 1905 – December 27, 1999) was the founder and president of the United States-based television network American Broadcasting Company (ABC), from 1953 to 1986. Goldenson, as CEO of United Paramount Theatres, acquired a then-struggling ABC from candy industrialist Edward J. Noble. Goldenson focused on investing heavily on sports and news coverage along with creating synergy between Hollywood studios and television networks. Goldenson turned ABC into a media conglomerate, owning television and radio stations along with newspapers and book publishers.

His innovations with ABC in terms of programming and media synergy would have lasting implications on the American television industry, and be emulated by leadership of other networks. He was portrayed by Eli Wallach in the 2002 TNT movie Monday Night Mayhem.

Early life and career
Goldenson was born in Pennsylvania, on December 7, 1905, to a Jewish family in Pennsylvania in 1905. He grew up in the town of Scottdale, Pennsylvania, and graduated from Scottdale High School. He was educated at Harvard, and entered the entertainment industry in 1933 as an attorney for Paramount Pictures after graduating from Harvard Law School.

Career
Goldenson was hired to help reorganize United Paramount Theatres, Paramount's theater chain, which at the time was nearing bankruptcy. So skillful was his work at this assignment that Paramount's chief executive officer, Barney Balaban, hired Goldenson as deputy to the manager of the Paramount Theaters chain.

Goldenson orchestrated the merger of United Paramount Theatres with ABC in 1953 (after Paramount was ordered to spin it off in the wake of United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., a 1948 decree of the U.S. Supreme Court). ABC was originally formed in 1943 in the wake of an earlier Supreme Court decree effectively ordering the spinoff of the largely secondary-status Blue Network from its then-parent, NBC; its buyer, industrialist Edward J. Noble, tried to build ABC into a competitive broadcasting company, but by 1951 was rumored to be on the verge of selling the nearly bankrupt operation to CBS, whose management apparently wanted ABC's critically important owned-and-operated television stations.

Goldenson rescued ABC by convincing his board of directors to buy the company from Noble for $25 million. becoming the founding president of the merged company which was named American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres. The modern ABC dates its history from the effective date of the Goldenson transaction, and not the Blue Network spinoff.

Although he focused chiefly on ABC Television, Goldenson oversaw all areas of ABC-Paramount's entertainment/media operations for over thirty years, from 1951 to 1986, including the creation of the AmPar Record Corporation in 1955 and the 'rebadging' of the ABC-Paramount group as the American Broadcasting Company in 1968. Goldenson also was instrumental in the sale of ABC to Capital Cities Communications in 1986, which at the time, was the largest non-oil merger in history. Very early on in his tenure, Goldenson also hired the first African-American staff announcer in network television and radio history, Sid McCoy.

Personal life
His wife was Isabelle Charlotte Weinstein, co-founder of United Cerebral Palsy. Goldenson, whose first-born daughter Cookie was born with cerebral palsy, co-founded United Cerebral Palsy in 1949 and used station WBKB (at the time owned by United Paramount Theatres) to be the flagship station for the inaugural UCP telethon that year.

In 1974, Goldenson received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York." The Leonard H. Goldenson Theater at the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences building in North Hollywood, California, is named in his honor. Goldenson was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1987.

Goldenson was known for always flying economy class and never driving a new car.

Death
He died on December 27, 1999, at the age of 94. He was survived by his wife and his two daughters: Loreen Goldenson Arbus and Maxine Goldenson. His daughter, Loreen Arbus, was the first woman to head programming at a major television network at Showtime Networks.

title: Leonard Goldenson


text:
Waimangaroa

Waimangaroa is a small town located on the West Coast of New Zealand.

The township lies on the south-west bank of the Waimangaroa River, at the western foot of the Denniston Plateau. It is 17 km to the north east of Westport and 13 km south-east of Granity. The abandoned coaltown of Denniston is about 5 km to the south-east. The Bridle Track, a scenic bush track, leads south-east along the Denniston Incline into the foothills of the Mt William Range, to Denniston. The Stockton mine, a large open cast coal mine, is operated in the vicinity by Solid Energy.

The Ngakawau Branch, a branch line railway, runs through the town. It opened to Waimangaroa on 5 August 1876; it formerly ran to Seddonville but now terminates in Ngakawau. From 1877 until 1967, Waimangaroa was also the junction for the Conns Creek Branch, which ran east alongside the Waimangaroa River to the foot of the Denniston Incline. Passenger services ceased on the Conns Creek Branch in 1931 and Ngakawau Branch on 14 October 1946. Since this time, the railway through Waimangaroa has almost solely conveyed coal.

The beaches to the west have dangerous currents and are not safe for swimming.

Demographics
Waimangaroa is described by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement and covers 1.58 km2. It had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2. It is part of the larger Buller Coalfields statistical area.

Waimangaroa had a population of 228 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 24 people (−9.5%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 3 people (1.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 99 households, comprising 123 males and 105 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.17 males per female, with 45 people (19.7%) aged under 15 years, 21 (9.2%) aged 15 to 29, 105 (46.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 54 (23.7%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 89.5% European/Pākehā, 10.5% Māori, 1.3% Pasifika, and 2.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 56.6% had no religion, 28.9% were Christian and 1.3% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 12 (6.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 51 (27.9%) people had no formal qualifications. 12 people (6.6%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 66 (36.1%) people were employed full-time, 18 (9.8%) were part-time, and 9 (4.9%) were unemployed.

Education
Waimangaroa School was a coeducational full primary school (years 1-8). The school celebrated its 125th jubilee in 2004. It closed permanently in 2012 and is now in private ownership. Waimangaroa children now attend schools in Westport.

Notable people

 * Becky Manawatu (born 1982), writer

title: Waimangaroa


text:
No Quarter (song)

"No Quarter" is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin that appears on their 1973 album Houses of the Holy. It was written by John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, and Robert Plant. The song became a centerpiece at all Led Zeppelin concerts thereafter, until their final tour. It appears in both the film versions and both live album versions of The Song Remains the Same, released in 1976 and expanded in 2007. It appeared once more in 1994 on Page and Plant's reunion album as the title track. It also appears on Led Zeppelin's 2012 live album Celebration Day, which documented their 2007 reunion performance at the O2 Arena in London. It was re-released on the deluxe edition of Houses of the Holy.

Overview
Although an early version was recorded at the Led Zeppelin IV album sessions, "No Quarter" was recorded (the basic tracks at least) in December 1971 at Island Studios, London. Andy Johns engineered the track and mixed it at Olympic Studios, London. The version that made it onto the album evolved out of a faster version Led Zeppelin had recorded earlier at Headley Grange, an old mansion in east Hampshire, England. Jimmy Page applied vari-speed to drop the whole song a semi-tone, to give it a thicker and more intense mood. In addition to the pitch change, the album version featured a very highly compressed guitar track, giving it a tone unique to Led Zeppelin. The guitar solo effect was achieved by direct injection and compression.

The title is derived from the military practice of showing no mercy to a vanquished opponent and from the brave act of not asking for mercy when vanquished. This theme is captured in several of the song's lyrics. Like "Immigrant Song" two albums prior, it evokes imagery from the Vikings and Norse mythology, with lyrics such as “the winds of Thor are blowing cold.”

Record producer Rick Rubin remarked on the song's structure, "It takes such confidence to be able to get really quiet and loose for such a long time. [Led] Zeppelin completely changed how we look at what popular music can be."

Performances and covers
From 1973, "No Quarter" became a centerpiece at Led Zeppelin concerts, being played at virtually every show the band performed until 1980 (it was eventually discarded on their final tour "Over Europe" in that year).

During live performances, John Paul Jones frequently improvised on keyboards and performed parts of classical music. On the band's ninth North American tour in 1973, performances of the song lasted twice the length of the studio version. On Led Zeppelin's concert tours from 1975 onward, Jones would also play a short piano solo (on a Steinway B-211 grand piano) frequently turning the seven-minute song into a performance exceeding twenty and sometimes even thirty to thirty-five minutes, in a handful of cases. Page and John Bonham would always join him later in the song. He was particularly fond of playing Rachmaninoff pieces, but sometimes included Joaquín Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez and "Amazing Grace" as part of an extended medley.

The American rock band Tool covered "No Quarter" for the soundtrack to Howard Stern's Private Parts (based on the 1993 book of the same name). The use of the song in the soundtrack fell through due to Tool's decision to not allow use of the song in the film, leading to criticism by Stern. The cover eventually went on to be included in Tool's 2000 box set, Salival.

Since 2011, "No Quarter" has been a live staple of the band Phish.

Reception
In a contemporary review for Houses of the Holy, Gordon Fletcher of Rolling Stone gave "No Quarter" a negative review, describing the track, along with "The Rain Song", as "nothing more than drawn-out vehicles for the further display of Jones' unknowledgeable use of mellotron and synthesizer."

Personnel
According to Jean-Michel Guesdon and Philippe Margotin:

 * Robert Plant – vocals
 * Jimmy Page – electric guitars
 * John Paul Jones – bass pedal (?), EMS VCS3, electric piano, piano
 * John Bonham – drums

title: No Quarter (song)


text:
Johnny Unitas Stadium

Johnny Unitas Stadium is a multi-purpose sports stadium in Towson, Maryland, United States. The home of several Towson University athletics teams, it is also known as Minnegan Field at Johnny Unitas Stadium or Unitas Stadium.

History
The stadium opened in 1978 as Towson Stadium when the Towson Tigers were in their ninth year of collegiate play and their final year of Division III. The new, lighted facility had 5,000 seats. The name of the stadium was changed to Minnegan Stadium in 1983 to honor former Towson coach and athletic director Donald "Doc" Minnegan.

The sports complex began a $32 million renovation beginning in 1999. The renovations, which were completed in 2002, added 6,000 seats, artificial turf, an entry-level plaza, concession stands, new restrooms, ticket booths, a four-tier press box, a field house, and a promenade that connects the northside and southside seating areas.

The stadium is named for the Baltimore Colts' Hall of Fame quarterback Johnny Unitas, the father of three Towson students, who had taken a job trying to find a corporate sponsor for the stadium with Towson University weeks before his death in 2002. In fact, Unitas threw his last public pass at the re-opening of the facility (as Towson University Stadium) just a few days before his death. His widow, Sandy, felt it appropriate to honor him by having the stadium named for him instead, with fund-raising in his name taking the place of the money that a corporate naming would have supplied. The stadium was rededicated a year after it opened, October 11, 2003.

In 2008, the Unitas Stadium scoreboard was replaced with a 16:9 full video scoreboard. The new scoreboard stands where the previous scoreboard was placed. The old incandescent light scoreboard was recycled and a new smaller LED scoreboard was installed in the opposite endzone.

In May 2012, new "Fieldturf Revolution" was installed in the stadium.

Tenants
It is the home field for the Towson football, men's and women's lacrosse, and the women's track and field team. The university's annual fall pep rally is held at the stadium.

In addition to Towson events, the stadium has also been used for high school football and lacrosse events, the Under 19 World Lacrosse Championship, Maryland Interscholastic Athletic Association lacrosse championships, several NCAA Division I women's lacrosse championships as well as competition in the NCAA Division I men's lacrosse championships.

The Baltimore Bayhawks of Major League Lacrosse used Johnny Unitas Stadium as their home stadium from 2004 to 2006.

From 2008 to 2010, the NCAA women's lacrosse Final Four and championship were held in Johnny Unitas Stadium. In 2008, Northwestern University defeated the University of Pennsylvania 10-6, giving the Wildcats their fourth consecutive NCAA title in women's lacrosse. In 2009, Northwestern defeated the University of North Carolina 21-7, for their fifth title in a row. The 2010 final saw the University of Maryland defeat Northwestern 13-11. This was the Terps' 10th NCAA title in women's lacrosse.

The Under Armour All-American Lacrosse Game for high school athletes has been played at Unitas since 2006, its inaugural year.

Field house
On April 26, 2003, the final renovations to the stadium were completed with the construction of the four-story, 48000 sqft field house near the stadium's west end zone. The field house features offices, meeting rooms, locker rooms, class rooms, a film editing room, an athlete learning center, an athletic training room and an equipment room. It also has a rooftop patio from which guests can view athletic contests in the adjoining stadium.

The Minnegan Room
The Minnegan Room on the third floor of the field house is named after longtime faculty member, athletic director and coach "Doc" Minnegan. It is a multipurpose room that has a top view of the action on the field as well as the stadium. The Minnegan Room can accommodate up to 200 guests.

Towson Athletics Sports Medicine Facility
The field house's Sports Medicine Facility is a 3000 sqft suite with separate taping, treatment, rehabilitation, and hydrotherapy areas. The state-of-the-art hydrotherapy and rehabilitation areas include the Swimex system and Biodex training equipment. The facility also includes a physician exam room, conference room, and staff offices.

title: Johnny Unitas Stadium


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Starry-marry split

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page, if it exists; or after the end of this archived section. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 03:47, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Starry-marry split
Delete as neologism. (Google gets no hits at all for this or for "marry-starry split".) Nor is it a genuine phonemic split, since it is not a question of a single phoneme splitting into two phonemes over time. It's just different diachronic behavior of a vowel before a morpheme boundary (star-ry) compared to morpheme-internally (marry). Not a notable linguistic phenomenon. Angr/undefined 22:12, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Unverifiable, not notable, not encyclopedic, neologism, it's a veritable smorgasbord of reasons to delete. --FCYTravis 22:24, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - The difference between the vowels in starry and marry is phonemic, otherwise they would rhyme. Also, tarry and tarry  form a minimal pair, so the difference is phonemic, because a minimal pair is formed. Also, the distinction between  and  is not even morphemically predictable, compare marry  and sari . Sari has only one morpheme. Steve, Jun 14, 2005 (actually 64.12.117.14 22:32, 2005 Jun 14 according to edit history. Uncle G 23:51, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC))
 * As I have said already, in Votes for deletion/Technology-deck split: Prove it. Cite your sources. Tell us where you learned all of the above from. There's a lot of unsourced material that is added to these "X English" articles, that is either wrong or one person's made-up hypothesis (which we don't accept here) rather than knowledge in the field of linguistics.  Our weapon against such material is verifiability, which we've had to wield repeatedly.  Angr did a lot of good work in phonemic differentiation weeding out unverifiable content. So far you are two for two in failing to cite your sources, even after being explicitly asked for them. Uncle G 23:51, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * I heard about it at this article http://www.crossmyt.com/hc/linghebr/18cengvs.html

Quote-''These developments (historical linguistic sound changes) had the effect that many related words would then have had different pronunciations, depending on whether or not the word contained a suffix beginning with a vowel. Thus related words such as "star" and "starry" would have had different stressed vowels ("star" would have the new lengthened vowel, while "starry" would have the original short vowel). To avoid such disparities of pronunciation between morphologically-related forms, (i.e. pairs of obviously related words), there occurred a process of analogical replacement (not a regular sound change), by which forms with intervocalic [r] (such as "starry") came to have the same pre-[r] long vowel as the forms with non-intervocalic [r] (such as "star"). (It was impossible for the analogy process to work in the opposite direction, since shortening the long vowel in the form with non-intervocalic [r] would have violated the phonological requirement that no non-schwa short-vowel could occur before word-final [r], or before [r] followed by a consonant.) This analogical replacement process is the reason why in modern standard English dialects the word "starry" now has a vowel which is similar to that of the word "star", but which is different from the vowel of the word "marry". (The original short vowel in "marry" remained unaffected by analogy because in the case of that word there was no morphologically-related form in which the "a" vowel wasn't intervocalic.)'' 64.12.117.14, 23:51, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)

 * Merge with phonemic differentiation like the others. Kappa 22:56, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * If sources are cited, Merge, as the others. If no sources are cited, as is currently the case, Delete for being unverifiable. Uncle G 23:51, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * Comment if it's to be merged anywhere, merge it to History of the English language. It is not a phonemic split in the sense used at Phonemic differentiation and so it has no business there. --Angr/undefined 06:34, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete original research. JamesBurns 06:22, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neolog. Radiant_ >|< 09:25, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with phonemic differentiation. 205.188.117.74 13:51, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, original research/neologism. The phonemic split might well be accurately described, but the term for it is a neologism unless evidence to the contrary (WP:CITE) is provided. — mark ✎ 10:26, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be placed on a related article talk page, if one exists; in an undeletion request, if it does not; or below this section.


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Graham Ryder

Graham Ryder (28 January 1949 – 5 January 2002) was an English geologist and lunar scientist.

He was educated at the University of Wales, Swansea, receiving his BSc in 1970. He then earned a PhD in geology from Michigan State University in 1974. His post-doctoral work was performed at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

Ryder worked at the NASA Johnson Space Center in the Lunar Curatorial Facility for Northrup Services Inc. From 1978 to 1982 he helped in the assembly of catalogues and guides to the Apollo lunar samples. Since 1983 he was a staff scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas. Much of his work concerned the geology of the lunar surface, including the history of the mare volcanism, Petrology of lunar rocks including highland rocks and breccias, and the chronology of lunar bombardment. He was an advocate of the "3.8 Ga Cataclysmic Bombardment" theory concerning a period of sudden mass impacts of the Moon and inner planets.

His death was caused by complications from cancer of the esophagus.

Ryder was posthumously awarded the Barringer Medal at the 2003 Meteoritical Society meeting for his work in planetary science. The Meteoritical Society's Paul Pellas-Graham Ryder Award is named for him and meteoriticist Paul Pellas. Michigan State University's Graham Ryder Memorial Fund is named in his memory.

The Ryder crater on the Moon has been named in his honour. The crater is located at 44.5°S, 143.2° E, east of the crater Pauli.

title: Graham Ryder


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Talk:Carbon trading

I put a basic introduction to the topic from what i know from reading. The one before was very basic and outdated, if anyone has more information about company schemes or anything please add it!

title: Talk:Carbon trading


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Haunted Honeymoon

Haunted Honeymoon is a 1986 American comedy horror film starring Gene Wilder, Gilda Radner, Dom DeLuise and Jonathan Pryce. Wilder also served as writer and director. The title Haunted Honeymoon was previously used for the 1940 U.S. release of Busman's Honeymoon based on the stage play by Dorothy L. Sayers.

Honeymoon was distributed by Orion Pictures through a deal with HBO. The film flopped by grossing just short of its $9 million budget, whilst it received negative reviews from the critics. The film earned DeLuise the Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actress. The film represents the last feature film appearance for Radner (prior to her diagnosis and death from ovarian cancer) and the last directorial role for Wilder.

Plot
Larry Abbot and Vickie Pearle are performers on radio's "Manhattan Mystery Theater" who decide to get married. Larry has been plagued with on-air panic attacks and speech impediments since proposing marriage. Vickie thinks it is just pre-wedding jitters, but his affliction could get them both fired.

Larry's uncle, Dr. Paul Abbot, decides that Larry needs to be cured. Paul decides to treat him with a form of shock therapy to "scare him to death" in much the same way someone might try to startle someone out of hiccups.

Larry chooses a castle-like mansion in which he grew up as the site for their wedding. Vickie gets to meet Larry's eccentric family: great-aunt Kate, who plans to leave all her money to Larry; his uncle, Francis; and Larry's cousins, Charles, Nora, Susan, and the cross-dressing Francis Jr. Also present are the butler Pfister and wife Rachel, the maid; Larry's old girlfriend Sylvia, who is now dating Charles; and Susan's magician husband, Montego the Magnificent.

Paul begins his "treatment" of Larry and lets others in on the plan. Unfortunately for all, something more sinister and unexpected is lurking at the Abbot Estates mansion. The pre-wedding party becomes a real-life version of Larry and Vickie's radio murder mysteries, werewolves and all.

Cast

 * Gene Wilder as Larry Abbot
 * Gilda Radner as Vickie Pearle
 * Dom DeLuise as Aunt Katherine "Kate" Abbot
 * Jonathan Pryce as Charles "Charlie" Abbot
 * Eve Ferret as Sylvia
 * Bryan Pringle as Pfister, the Butler
 * Peter Vaughan as Uncle Francis Abbot Sr.
 * Paul L. Smith as Dr. Paul Abbot, uncle
 * Jim Carter as Montego, the Magician
 * Jo Ross as Susan Abbot
 * Roger Ashton-Griffiths as Cousin Francis Jr.
 * Ann Way as Rachel, Pfister's wife
 * Matt Zimmerman as Radio Actor #1
 * Sally Osborne as Mrs. Abbot (Larry's mother)
 * Howard Swinson as Eddie, the Sound Effects Man

Development
Wilder wrote the opening scene while filming Silver Streak in 1976. He wanted to make a "comedy chiller" inspired by such films as The Cat and the Canary (1939), The Old Dark House (1932) and The Black Cat (1941), and radio shows like The Inner Sanctum. "Since I was six years old I have been scared of horror movies", said Wilder "And the movies that I liked the best – even though I was scared by them – were what was called then 'comedy-chillers.' They were horror movies yet they had comedy, or they were comedies and yet they had horror. They were not comedy-mysteries, they were not comedy-thrillers, they were comedy-chillers." Wilder says when he started writing the film "I knew I wanted it to be a comedy-chiller", but he struggled and the film wound up as an "autobiographical psycho/sexual comedy with music."

Wilder and Radner fell in love while making Hanky Panky (1982) and he decided to revisit the project as a vehicle for them both. "I always thought that Gilda has been one of our most brilliant television comediennes, but now I think she's becoming more than very good as a comic movie actress, which is a very, very different thing", said Wilder.

Wilder rewrote the script with writing partner, Terry Marsh. "I knew that I wanted it to be not a parody and not a satire, but to re-create a comedy-chiller", said Wilder. "I don't like naturalism. I like things that are fantastical – I'm not saying necessarily fantasies, but more than reality."

Wilder says the film was partly inspired by a song Jeanette MacDonald and Jack Buchanan sang in the film Monte Carlo (1930). Wilder says he heard it while watching the film in bed with Radner. "I'm always looking for some emotional spine to what I'm doing. I look over at her [Radner] and tears are coming down from her eyes. It was so sweet and innocent. Like little children. And I thought that's what this [Haunted Honeymoon] is about."

"I couldn't imagine him singing it with any other girl", said Radner. "So, I just had a tantrum and said I had to be the fiancée – not a big tantrum, just a tiny tantrum."

He says he was also inspired by seeing Jean Cocteau's Beauty and the Beast in the early 1980s. "The world opened up for me", he said. "I'm more comfortable when I don't have to be held down by authenticity. In this film, which is set in the '30s, I feel that I'm presenting authenticity of the heart. I'm not interested in everyday reality, but in the reality of the heart. I like fantasy, like a fairy tale. I'm interested in shadows and contrasts. It's like the opening scene in the movie, when a character says, 'It's not what you think.' Well, it's probably what you think. But it's too complicated."

The movie was one of 14 films financed by Orion Pictures through a deal with HBO.

Shooting
The film was shot in London at Elstree Studios in 1985 over 11 weeks. "Gene calls it a 'comedy chiller'", said Gilda Radner. "For me, this is a part very similar to my own life. I wear a wedding gown in 95% of the movie. Since I didn't wear a gown when Gene and I got married, I asked the 'Haunted Honeymoon' photographer to make me a wedding album!" Radner said.

Wilder says his aim was to "make a 1930s movie for 1986." He and the cinematographer used no primary colors and lit the film darkly. "It's black and white in color", said Wilder. "The fat lady in Akron, Ohio, doesn't have to know that. But she should feel that it's believable in the way that an old '30s film is believable."

Wilder and Radner celebrated their first wedding anniversary during filming in September.

Jonathan Pryce later recalled, "It was one of those films where, when there's a break and they’re doing the next setup and people usually go back to their dressing rooms, nobody went back to their dressing rooms. We’d all sit around in a circle of camp chairs or whatever they call them—director's chairs—and be entertained by Dom DeLuise. It was a blissful time. It was a great time."

Wilder says he told DeLuise to play his role straight, telling him, "I want you to be my aunt. We'll get the laughs later. But first don't go for 'I'm-really-a-guy, I'm-really-a-guy, and-I'm-doing-this-little-joke.'"

Release
Orion elected not to screen the film to critics before general release. Producer Susan Ruskin said: "I know people have the tendency to think, 'Well, the studio must not be comfortable about the film.' They're very comfortable about the film, they've been behind it 100 percent. A lot of the studios, with a lot of their films, are considering not doing advance critics' screenings. There has been a tendency with the critics lately to be quite vicious about films, and we don't necessarily feel it's right to cater to that. . . . I would like the people to make a judgment on the film."

Reception
The film received negative reviews. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 18%, based on eleven reviews, and an average rating of 3.6/10. Dom DeLuise won the Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actress for his performance in drag. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade "C−" on an A+ to F scale. The film received a 29 rating on Metacritic.

Alex Stewart reviewed Haunted Honeymoon for White Dwarf #83, and stated that "Amid Wilder's overindulgence in timid, repetitive gags, it's hard to sort out who's plotting with whom to bump off who else, and harder still to care. Only an admirably unpredictable performance from Dom DeLuise as wacky old Aunt Kate puts any kind of edge on the silliness at all."

Box office
The movie was a financial flop, grossing only $8,000,000 in America, entering the box office at number 8, then slipping to 14 the following week.

The movie represents the last feature film appearance for Radner (prior to her diagnosis and death from Ovarian cancer) and the last directorial role for Wilder. While Radner was struggling with cancer, she wrote the following about the film: "On July 26 [1986], Haunted Honeymoon opened nationwide. It was a bomb. One month of publicity and the movie was only in the theaters for a week – a box-office disaster."

Another source said the film earned $3.2 million in the US.

title: Haunted Honeymoon


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User talk:Jichael Mackson

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Francs2000 | Talk 22:12, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Fuck you
Fuck you.

Blocked
You have been temporarily blocked from editing for vandalism of Wikipedia. If you wish to make useful contributions, you are welcome to come back after the block expires. Shanes 22:18, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jichael Mackson


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File:CasinoRoyaleComic.jpg

Summary
The opening panel to the Casino Royale comic strip adaptation for the Daily Express newspaper. Illustration by John McLusky.

Fair use rationale
It is believed that this image, CasinoRoyaleComic.jpg, is subject to fair use in the article James Bond (comic strip) because:
 * The image is used for identification and critical commentary of the article subject
 * No free or public domain images may be located for this work.
 * Image is used for informational purposes only. Its use does not detract from the original work itself.
 * The image is a web-resolution image, of lower resolution than the original (copies made from it will be of inferior quality).
 * As only one page of a multiple page story, the image does not limit the copyright owner's ability to sell the issue from which it came
 * It is used in Wikipedia only for educational purposes and is not used for profit.
 * Its use on Wikipedia does not compete with the copyright holder.
 * Its use on Wikipedia is not expected to decrease the value of the copyright to its holder.

title: File:CasinoRoyaleComic.jpg


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User talk:Jtravise

Carpathian Mountains
Please don't remove the "copyedit" template after making only one minor change. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:13, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jtravise


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Sprague Field

Sprague Field is a multi-purpose stadium located on the campus of Montclair State University in Montclair, New Jersey, USA. The stadium is located on the Normal Avenue side of the campus adjacent to the university's major indoor sporting venue, the Panzer Athletic Center, and is within walking distance of the Montclair Heights rail station.

Sprague Field is one of several athletic venues on campus and plays host to the Montclair State Red Hawks football team, its field hockey team, and its lacrosse teams. At various times, it played host to the baseball, track, and soccer squads as well. The soccer team now plays at MSU Soccer Park at Pittser Field while the baseball team, which called Pittser home before its conversion, play at Yogi Berra Stadium on the opposite side of the campus.

History
Sprague Field was the site of the first ever college football game in New Jersey to be played at night, which took place on October 3, 1941 and pitted the Red Hawks, then known as the Indians, against Hofstra University. The stadium has had an artificial surface since 1979, first AstroTurf and since 2006 FieldTurf.

title: Sprague Field