text:
Talk:Mamzer

Who modern view
I removed a personal opinion of the meaning of "mamzer' as being; "A mamzer in modern Jewish culture is someone who is either born out of adultery by a married Jewish woman and a Jewish man who is not her husband". This is not a Jewish viewpoint.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1011:B110:D6D1:2C33:2DAD:98A5:D4A8 (talk) 16:22, 29 July 2018 (UTC)

Citation and links needed
I've copy-edited this. Judging by the citations given, this is probably taken from somewhere in particular. I'll presume that it is a source old enough not to be a copyright issue, but that source should be cited in its own right. Also, in the citations given, could someone who is more of a scholar of Judaism than I please provide appropriate links for Yevamos, Kiddushin, Shulchan Aruch, and Even Haezer? Thanks. -- Jmabel | Talk 22:30, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)

I don't read Hebrew. Some questions:
 * Is the Hebrew article ממזר strictly about the Halakhic usage? If so, it should interwiki here and vice versa, not to Illegitimacy.
 * Is the Hebrew article partly about the Halakhic usage and partly about the more common notion of illegitimacy? If so, it should probably stay where it is in interwiki terms; we should incorporate any material it has that we lack, and should probably point to it in the external links (not just as an interwiki, I think) with an explanation that it covers both meanings. We could interwiki to it from this article, as well, but it probably should not link back.
 * Is the Hebrew article strictly about the more common notion of illegitimacy? If so, it should stay where it is in interwiki terms, and there is no need to reference it here.

Jmabel | Talk 18:47, 16 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The Hebrew article is indeed about the halachic meaning as is this article. jnothman talk 21:11, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Could someone please confirm the recent anonymous uncited changes and additions? And I'd still really like to see a source cited. -- Jmabel | Talk 18:47, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I've reinserted the convert thing, the source being Kidushin 5:1 - mamzerim, converts, freed slaves, netinim etc can all marry each other. Frikle 10:52, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

In the article: "a convert": meaning a convert away from Judaism, I presume, but I don't presume strongly enough to edit it myself. -- Jmabel | Talk 18:49, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 * There is no such thing as a convert away from Judaism. And yet, to my understanding a convert has no laws different from others. I would like to see sources on this, and so I have taken it out until I do. I also would like to see sources on the "also transitions into Israeli society" remark, particularly as this cannot have come from Maimonides or the Shulchan Arukh sources cited. I'll read over the Hebrew article (slowly) to see if it mentions these things. jnothman talk 21:11, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * As far as I could tell, the Hebrew Wikipedia article didn't mention either of these facts. jnothman talk 07:24, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

changes
I have added a lot to this article. all of it is based on the hebrew. I did not translate the origin of the word or marriage with karrites.Jon513 20:49, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Well done mate. JFW | T@lk  18:12, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

forever or ten generation
the Shulkhan Arukh: Even HaEzer 4:1 states clearly the mamzer status is forever. If you can read Hebrew this is the text
 * ממזרים ונתינים אסורים איסור עולם עד סוף כל הדורות, בין זכרים בין נקבות.

If there are any sources to ten generation I would love to see them. It is possible that ten generation is euphemism for forever. Jon513 14:23, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Source on 10 generations: Torah. From Devarim/Deuteronomy parsha Ki-Seitzei (chap 23) pasuk/sentence 3: לֹא-יָבֹא מַמְזֵר, בִּקְהַל יְהוָה: גַּם דּוֹר עֲשִׂירִי, לֹא-יָבֹא לוֹ בִּקְהַל יְהוָה. {ס} "A mamzer shall not enter the congregation of Hashem, even one from the 10th generation shall not enter the congregation of Hashem." AYM (talk) 01:02, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Thank you for pointing that out. According to the rambam this means forever:
 * Rambam הלכות איסורי ביאה פרק טו:א :
 * ואחד זכרים ואחד נקבות, אסורין לעולם--שנאמר "גם דור עשירי, לא יבוא" (שם), כלומר לעולם.
 * I cannot find any source which interpret this literally - but if they are they should be included. Jon513 (talk) 22:18, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

unclear sentence; article
"The woman herself is not believed to turn her children into mamzerim." - It is ambiguous, please reword. --Zerotalk 14:32, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * would "a mother is not believed to turn her childrend into mamzerim" be clearer. If a woman says my son (or daughter) is the product of an extramateral affair, or the product of an incestious relationship, we don't believe her. Feel free to edit the article in any way that makes it clearer. Jon513 15:12, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

story about an Israeli Court
Story about Israeli court case:. --Zerotalk 14:32, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Interesting story. I don't think it adds anything though. Jon513 15:17, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I've clarified discussion of this article. The article simply reported that an Israeli religious court held that a child born 8 months and 2 weeks after a divorce was the child of the former husband and not the child of the wife's lover. I've also provided more NPOV language for the section on Israeli law, including presenting advocacy for change as opinion rather than fact. I've also added a paragraph pointing out that Israeli courts' implementation of mamzer law, as the article describes it, simply means that Israeli courts, in dealing with a married or recently divorced couple, resolve paternity claims in favor of the husband's paternity and generally ignore paternity claims and evidence of third parties. This effect makes Israeli law very similar to that of many other countries, including the United States, whose courts similarly don't look favorably on claims that when a child is born to a couple married at the time, someone other than the husband is the father. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of laws of just this sort in 1989, and I cite the case. The claims by Israeli advocates that Israeli law ignores basic human rights etc. etc. should have some counterbalance, and the fact that many other countries including the U.S. have laws with essentially the same effect (and also have advocates on the left disagreeing with them for many of the same reasons as Israel's advocates on the left), and courts in other countries have held they don't violate human rights, should give discussion of the matter some balance.--24.91.183.35 (talk) 19:25, 20 June 2010 (UTC)

 * It looks like this problem still exists in 2022, as reported in Jerusam Post Citation: "[...] last week [...] a woman anonymously presented her own run-in with the 300-day rule, in which her son was listed as being the child of her ex-husband, an abusive man with a long history of mental health issues who had for years refused to give her a divorce. Knowing he is not her son’s father, she cannot sue him for child support, but the biological father of the child was also never required to pay child support as he was not recognized as the boy’s parent." -- Wassermaus (talk) 14:04, 25 November 2022 (UTC)

Momzer / Mamzer?
I recently came across a stub page for "Momzer" which has been made little progress since being created in April, and which actually included the word "mamzer" (though originally unlinked) once near the end. Is there a difference, or is this just a case of a particularly extensive typo? --Arvedui 17:33, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I have redirected it here. Jon513 21:10, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Probably not so much a typo as someone not knowing that there is a standard transliteration. - Jmabel | Talk 06:03, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Removed sentence
New user Lobbuss (welcome!) removed the sentence:
 * However, most poskim dispute this ruling.

In regards to to Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum ruling that children born to a married woman artificially inseminated with the sperm of a man that is not her husband are mamzerim. I copied the line for the Hebrew wikipedia when I translated it some time ago. While of course the Hebrew wikipedia cannot be used as a source, in this case I see no reason to doubt it. In fact it seems to me that Rabbi Teitelbaum ruling is quite extreme and not saying that he is a minority would be distorting the facts. Perhaps a or a  should be used. I am not prepared to sift through all the posekim but perhaps someone else is. Jon513 12:44, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I believe a source is required for the claim that "most poskim" dispute Rabbi Teitelbaum's ruling given that the ruling itself is sourced. I'm adding the maintenance tag to the question as you suggested since this is an appropriate way to handle the situation. However. I believe the editor who removed the sentence has a legitimate point and is acting appropriately within the WP:RS policy. A source really is needed for a claim contradicting a sourced POV, particularly an assertion that it's a minority or otherwise dubious. Best, --Shirahadasha 14:17, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, but I have a feeling it will stay there for a while. Unless someone gets in the mood to start looking up poskim.  It is clear to me that the hebrew quoted Rabbi Teitelbaum in order to show the extremes of halakha not to show a normative view.  If the sentence is removed the whole paragraph has to go also. Jon513 21:02, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

R' Moshe and Satmar Rov
According to the opinion of Rabbi Moses Feinstein a product of artificial insemination from a mamzer is not a mamzer; there are, however, those that disagree with him.

In a related ruling, Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum declared that children born to a married woman artificially inseminated with the sperm of a man that is not her husband are mamzerim. There are poskim who dispute this ruling. [1]

 * This is unclear. The makhlokos between Reb Moshe and The Satmar Rov was mainly on the point of whether or not artificial insemination from a man not her husband is a mamzer or not. The Satmar Rov held that yes, and Reb Moshe held that not. I think the two sentences should be combined together. Artificial insemination from a mamzer, which Reb Moshe permits, is really an agav orchay (by product) of his shita in the main makhlokos. Also, the bases of the makhlokes is the Ta"z in Yorei Deah 195. Either way, I don't want to edit it without permission, so I'll wait for aproval from the chevra here. If you want me to do it, I'd be happy to; let me know on my talk page Lobbuss 16:06, 1 April 2007 (UTC)
 * There is no chevra that decides what can be written or who can write it. No one owns any article; if you think you can improve an article just go ahead and do it.  I only ask that you please cite your sources.  And if we think that we can do a better job, we'll change it - that's how wikipedia works.  Jon513 18:08, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Please see my comments on the talk page to Mamzer in relation to your edits. Please discuss your changes first there before changing the article again. Please read Wikipedia:Citing sources#Tagging unsourced material as a background to understand the discussion. Again Welcome. Jon513 12:48, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * There is no chevra that decides what can be written or who can write it. No one owns any article; if you think you can improve an article just go ahead and do it. I only ask that you please cite your sources. And if we think that we can do a better job, we'll change it - that's how wikipedia works. Jon513 18:08, 1 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm confused. Can I just edit it, or should I ask here first? Lobbuss 20:37, 1 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Your edit on March 26, removed the phrase "However, most poskim dispute this ruling." without comment. I reinserted it because I believe that it is correct. Shira, correctly, added a  to it because she wanted a source.  Later I found a source.  Now you are talking about doing other changes which I do not object to so long as they are well sourced.  Jon513 18:48, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

second class citizen?
Redking10 (talk · contribs) changed:
 * Other than with respect to the laws of marriage and other minor differences a mamzer is a full-fledged Jew. A mamzer is not a second class citizen and is treated with as much respect as other Jews. It is written in the Talmud that "A learned mamzer takes precedence over an ignorant high priest (Kohen Gadol)".

to
 * The laws of Deuteronomy deny a mamzer at least one fundamental right; A mamzer cannot marry a non-mamzer Jew. Thus, a mamzer is a permanent second class citizen. That said, it is written in the Talmud that "A learned mamzer takes precedence over an ignorant high priest (Kohen Gadol)".

I changed it back. Saying that a mamzer is a second class citizen when it is not stated by any of the original sources is POV. It is likewise not accurate to say that widows are second class citizen because they are forbidden to marry the high priest which is ridiculous ("Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child. If thou afflict them in any wise--for if they cry at all unto Me, I will surely hear their cry--" Exodus 22:21-22). Also the laws mamzer are stated in even haEzer, and Laws of Forbidden Relations namely chapter that deal exclusively with who can marry whom. Jon513 10:12, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I have also just added a source. Jon513 10:17, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Before I edited the entry, it stated "A mamzer is not a second class citizen." This claim is also not found in the original source material. Hence, by your reasoning, it is POV and should be deleted. However, the original materials do deny mamzerim the right to marry Jews who are not Mamzerim. The American Heritage Dictionary (http://www.bartleby.com/61/31/S0203100.html) defines a second-class citizen as "A person considered inferior in status or rights in comparison with some others." That is a basic definition. Mamzerim do not have full rights, hence they are second-class citizens, even if only in one respect.Redking10 12:07, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I have found a source and added it. It is also found in the Gur Aryeh on the verse is Deuteronomy.  also "A learned mamzer takes precedence over an ignorant high priest (Kohen Gadol)" is pretty explicit original source. It is not correct to say that mamzerim are denied the "right" to marry non-mamzerim any more than non-mamzerim are denied the right to marry them.  Would you say that Kohenim are second-class citizen because they are denied the right to marry a divorced woman? Jon513 15:57, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * the source saying that "is not a second class citizen and is treated with as much respect as other Jews." is wishful thinking and POV, it is tryign to promote a positive view of religious practices. Anyone interested will be able to find sources showing that mamzers are ostracised and treated as 2nd class citizens in many more religious and conservative communities, just as "bastards" were in european societies well into the 20th century. Oblivioid (talk) 23:53, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

 * If you have any reliable sources that expose this viewpoint I would love to see it. We are always open to ways to improve the encyclopedia.  As it stands now, it seems to me, that the mishna in hoyayot is pretty explicit in presenting a view that mamzarim were not consider second class citizens in the mishanic times.  Jon513 (talk) 02:39, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

Definition of mamzer?
According to Shaye D. Cohen, the Mishnah states the the offspring of a Jewish mother and non-Jewish (gentile) father is a mamzer (M. Yevamot 7:5) ("The Origins of the Matrilineal Principle in Rabbinic Law," AJS Review, Spring 1985, p.32). This contradicts what is in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.110.166.54 (talk) 01:55, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
 * That mishnah is according to a minority opinion who says that if a slave or a non-Jew has intercourse with a daughter of an Israelite, the child is a mamzer. The halakhah, however, is that the child is legitimate (see Yev. 45a; ,Kidd. 3:12; see also Tosefot Rabbi Akiva Eiger on that mishnah).
 * The article presents the current laws of the mamzer and does not present historical opinions that are no longer practiced. This is the common with many articles on halakhah. In general only especially notable historical opinions are noted. Jon513 (talk) 09:42, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your explanation! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.110.166.54 (talk) 02:27, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Married woman, Nonmarried Gentile.
"The child of a married woman and a Gentile man is not a mamzer. However, the child of a woman who is mamzer is a mamzer regardless of who is the father."

Is this actually true, what's the specific source of this? --CheskiChips (talk) 05:21, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Shulchan Aruck even haezer 4:19:
 * A gentile or slave that sleeps with a mamzeret the child is a mammer. If they sleep with a Jewish woman - whether she is unmarried or married, the child is kosher.
 * It think all of the laws in the law section can be sourced directly from the shulchan aruch. Jon513 (talk) 11:51, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I think I am confused on what it's saying. Is it saying that if the woman was married to a Jew...and then has relations with a gentile...the child is not a mamzer?  Which is the first way I took it when reading it...which doesn't seem right.  Or is it saying if the gentile was 'bastardized' in the Christian sense, the child can still only acquire its status from the mother?  I'll look at it more closely and consider making revision for clarification.--CheskiChips (talk) 23:19, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

 * The Dereisa source for this I believe is in this weeks Torah portion, EMOR. --CheskiChips (talk) 11:27, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, it is saying that a jewish woman that is married to a jewish man that has relations with a gentile the offspring is not a mamzer. In halaha there is no status of mamzer for a gentile. Jon513 (talk) 13:40, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

What does this mean?
"A Kohen can become defiled for a close relative who dies even if the deceased is a mamzer" As a non Jew this sentence is completely incomprehensible to me. Could someone reword it? Richerman (talk) 10:24, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

A kohen is a Jewish male claiming descendent from Moses's brother Aaron through the male line. A kohen still functions as a priest in certain respects in contemporary traditional Judiam. One of these respects is that a contemporary kohen remains subject to a number of Biblical injunctions on the conduct of priests. One of these is an injunction against priests coming into contact with a dead body (Leviticus 21:1-2). This injunction prevents a contemporary kohen from attending most funerals. Leviticus 21:2 provides exceptions for the funerals of certain near relatives, which still apply. If one of these relatives had mamzer status, a kohen could still attend the funeral. Best, --24.91.183.35 (talk) 23:17, 20 June 2010 (UTC)

Manzer
Some consider this word as an equivalent of public woman, a prostitute, and this can be the reason why the Bible states that Mamzer descendency is excluded from cult until the seventh generation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.33.39.20 (talk) 18:05, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

If, as some sources claim, mamzer status lasts indefinitely and not just for several generations, why haven't they expanded to become the majority of the Jewish people? PatGallacher (talk) 14:59, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

"Children born of a married woman's adultery"
Quote from the above section: "A child born of a married woman's adultery is a mamzer. The child of a single woman and a man she could lawfully have married is not a mamzer (Shulchan Aruch E. H. 4.) It is irrelevant if the man is married or not. If one of the parents is not Jewish the child is not a mamzer."

The first sentence is open, without qualification. Three sentences later we find that there is the qualification that both parents must be Jewish. The structure of the sentences could be improved so that the reader is not initially misled. I suggest the following for the first sentence: "A child born of a married Jewish woman's adultery with a Jewish man is a mamzer." The other sentences stay as they are and thus the final sentence emphasizes the Jewish parents criterion. Akld guy (talk) 05:18, 15 August 2014 (UTC)

I thought Jewishness passed from the mother after the Romans dispersed the Jews from Israel. I presumed it was to avoid/ignore mamzers. Knowing human nature it appears virtually 100% of any population would be mamzers in a few generations. If a mamzer only marry a nonJew, then soon they population of Israel would have been nonmarriable. There must have been a lot of pressure to avoid branding someone a mamzer - I suspect a lot of mamzers were snuck through. Mathematically I suspect there are no Jews left today. 2601:181:8301:4510:2C98:65EA:A621:4494 (talk) 22:17, 5 December 2017 (UTC)

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Jewish View on Illegitimacy
Simeon of Timnah is noted for saying: "A bastard is anyone who is born from an [illegal] union for which his parents are liable to kareth", and which teaching comes to exclude a single parent who gave birth to a child outside of wedlock, and whose child is often wrongly called "bastard" under common law. This teaching has been conveyed by later rabbis in their Codes of Jewish Law, such as by the great rabbi and philosopher, Maimonides (Mishne Torah). It is common knowledge and is taught as such in the Yeshivas. ---Davidbena (talk) 22:05, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

Prostitutes
I'd say in the Bible, the term 'prostitute' refers to gentile, pagan women, who worshiped idols of other cultures, and not exactly 'strumpets'; 'prostitution' means mostly 'idolatry'; thus the 'mamzer' can be interpreted both as born from an strumpet, or from a pagan woman, I'd endorse the first, form the hard punishment of being excluded for ten generations from the religious assembly. Bible is definitive: jews are kids born from a jewish woman. When one of patriarchs meets a relative, 'disguised in a prostitute dress', this referred probably to a woman wearing dresses from another culture, another religion. The only case I remember of an 'official dress' for strumpets was in the times of Felipe 2, king of Spain, or around these days, when only strumpets were allowed wearing clothes with cleavage. Blessings + — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.44.56.7 (talk) 11:14, 17 November 2021 (UTC)

Contradictory sentences citing the same source
The "Halakhic Definitions" section currently contains the following two sentences, one in its first and one in its last paragraph, both of which cite the exact same source:

According to the Shulchan Aruch, a mamzer can only be produced by two Jews.

However, the child of a female mamzer and a non-Jewish man is a mamzer.

The article is of high importance and the subject matter is extremely far outside of my expertise or comfort zone, so I have not edited the section, but the sentences as they currently stand are blatantly contradictory. I would appreciate attention from a topic expert.

Thepsyborg (talk) 04:58, 25 October 2022 (UTC) Thepsyborg (talk) 04:58, 25 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mamzer


text:
Society of Scottish Artists

The Society of Scottish Artists is a Scottish artist-run organization which seeks to promote and encourage experimentation and the "adventurous spirit" in Scottish art.

It was founded in 1891 and its main space for annual exhibitions has been the Royal Scottish Academy Building on Princes Street in Edinburgh. The first President was Robert Noble.

The Society's exhibition policy has long been outward-looking. In 1931 it provided a first UK exhibition for works by Edvard Munch, who became a member of the Society.

In recent years the Society has organized exchange visits and exhibitions with artists in Japan and the United States.

The Society is one of the constituent organizations of ESSA.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Society of Scottish Artists


text: Category:The Slits albums

title: Category:The Slits albums


text:
Nobber

Nobber (Irish: an Obair, "the work") is a village in north County Meath, Ireland. It is on the Navan–Kingscourt road (R162), about 19 km north of Navan. This places the village about 60 km from the M50 motorway, the orbital motorway of Dublin. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

The town of Kells is to the west and the town of Ardee to the east and the town of Kingscourt is to the north. Villages that border the parish are Kilmainhamwood, Moynalty and Kilbeg to the west, Castletown-Kilpatrick to the south and Drumconrath and Lobinstown to the east.

The village of Nobber is built on the River Dee, the course of which was diverted around the village in the 19th century. A feature of the local geography is how the village is set within rolling hills called drumlins formed in the last glacial period.

History
The Normans were the first known people to settle at Nobber. The site acted as a strong-point on the road from the ports of Drogheda and Dundalk to the midlands. The Lordship of Meath was granted to Hugh de Lacy by King Henry II of England in 1172 in his capacity as Lord of Ireland. De Lacy granted the Barony of Morgallion to Gilbert de Angulo, who constructed a motte and bailey there. By the middle of the 15th century Nobber was described by the English King Henry VI as being of key strategic importance to the control of the region. Around 2005 several high crosses were discovered in the village's old cemetery (St Johns) dating from possibly the 10th century. These are smaller and less ornate than typical Celtic high crosses. This find is significant because it suggests that a hitherto unrecorded monastic settlement once existed on the site of the village. Moynagh Lake, to the west of the village, is the site of a multi-period crannóg which dates to Mesolithic times. In the Medieval period, Nobber was the chief town of the Barony of Morgallion. By the time of the Act of Union, the local population was large enough to return a Member of Parliament.

Archdeacon of Nobber
Nobber was once a key town in the Kingdom of Meath, and an ancient Rectory of Nobber was united to the ecclesiastical dignity of the Archdeacon of Kells; thus the holder was styled "Rector of Nobber", "Parson of Nobber", or more often "Archdeacon of Nobber". Confusingly, the Archdeacon of Kells held the Rectory of Nobber, while the Archdeacon of Meath held the Rectory of Kells.

Rail
A disused railway line dating from 1875, running from Kingscourt to Navan, runs through the village. This was purchased by the Midland Great Western Railway in 1888. Until recent years it operated to haul gypsum from Saint-Gobain Gypsum Industries plant in County Cavan to the port of Drogheda. Nobber railway station opened on 1 November 1872, closed for passenger traffic on 27 January 1947 and finally closed altogether on 1 April 1963.

Greenway
A major phase of the Navan-to-Kingscourt Greenway was developed and opened for the Nobber locality in summer 2020. This follows the track of the old railway line from Navan to Kingscourt. This extends from Spiddeal at the south of the village extending toward, but not yet reaching Kilmainhamwood.

Bus
Bus Éireann route 107 links Nobber to Navan and Kingscourt. Sillan also provide a link to Navan and Dublin with some buses extending to University College Dublin. In the other direction Sillan services provide a link to Kingscourt, Shercock and Cootehill.

Amenities
The village has two schools: Nobber National school for primary school children and O'Carolan College which is a comprehensive secondary school. The church of Saint John the Baptist is the Roman Catholic church in the centre of the village which also has a fire station, Garda Síochána (police) station.

In July 2016 the George Eogan Cultural Centre was opened by the President of Ireland, Mr Michael D. Higgins in Nobber in the old Protestant Church.

In the media
The local radio station serving Nobber is LMFM, and the local newspaper is the Meath Chronicle. In 2019 an eponymous historical fiction novel entitled Nobber was published by the author Oisin Fagan the author of Hostages, set in the village of Nobber in the 14th century during plague times.

Sport
Nobber has only one Gaelic Football team called Nobber G.F.C. In 2003, Nobber won the All-Ireland Junior Club Football Championship, beating Kilmeena of County Mayo. Nobber are three time Meath Intermediate Football Champions, having won honours in 1980, 2010 and 2019. Having won the 2019 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, as of 2020, Nobber compete in the Meath Senior Football Championship.

The local soccer team are Electro Celtic FC who (as of 2012) were competing in Division 3B of the Meath and District League.

Festivals and events
The Nobber Fair Day is an annual event that is held on the third Sunday of May. The event has been running since 2006, and revived an old tradition of a fair that was held in the village for centuries. Rare breeds of farm animals are displayed, and rosettes and prizes are awarded across various categories. In 2012, more than 10,000 people attended Nobber Fair Day.

People

 * Turlough O'Carolan, blind harpist reputed to have been born in Nobber - there is a statue in memory of him at the southern end of the village
 * Shane McEntee (1956–2012), Fine Gael TD and Minister of State
 * George Eogan, archaeologist known for his work at Knowth

title: Nobber


text:
Rat Westwick

Harry "Rat" Westwick (April 23, 1876 – April 3, 1957) was a Canadian athlete in ice hockey and lacrosse. Westwick – nicknamed the Rat for his small size – is most noted for his play with the Ottawa Hockey Club, nicknamed the Silver Seven during his day, which won and defended the Stanley Cup from 1903 until 1906. He was a member of the Ottawa Capitals lacrosse team from 1896 until 1904, winning three championships. At the time of his final retirement, he was the last professional hockey player active in the 19th century. He was the brother of Thomas Westwick, the father of journalist Bill Westwick, and was inducted into both the Ottawa Sport Hall of Fame and the Hockey Hall of Fame.

Personal life
Westwick, who played during a period when hockey players received little or no money, also worked as a book binder for various companies, and later, the Canadian government printing bureau. He married Rubina Duval on February 23, 1903, and worked as a civil servant in the early 1900s. When he married Rubina 'Ruby' (sister of former Ottawa teammate Peg Duval), he combined his honeymoon with a team trip to Montreal. During the game, he suffered a broken ankle and watched the rest of the game from an arena seat with his bride. He enlisted in the Army in 1914 during World War I. Ruby and Harry had six children: Bill, Thomas, Barberry, Elaine, Ula and Beatrice. His son, Bill Westwick, became the sports editor of the Ottawa Journal. His brother Tom was also a professional ice hockey player. Westwick died at home in Ottawa on April 3, 1957.

Playing career
Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Westwick played hockey for Ottawa teams, joining the intermediate Ottawa Aberdeens of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (AHAC) in 1893. He moved up to the senior-level Ottawa Hockey Club the next season. At the time, Ottawa had lost its goaltender Albert Morel and Westwick played several games as goaltender before moving up to rover on the advice of a coach who saw his fast skating ability. During the summer, Westwick would play for the Ottawa Capitals in lacrosse. The Capitals, ostensibly an amateur team, were discovered to be paying players in 1896 and Westwick was suspended from ice hockey play. Westwick would deny receiving any money and he was reinstated by Ottawa in 1898, only to be suspended again in 1898 by the Canadian Amateur Athletic Union. In 1899, Westwick moved out of town to find work in Waterloo, Ontario but returned to Ottawa in time to play some games for the Capitals ice hockey team, by then playing in Ontario Hockey Association (OHA).

His nickname 'Rat' was from a Quebec City journalist, who in 1896 called Westwick a "miserable, insignificant rat.' Westwick's scrappiness led opponents to resort to aggressive (and somewhat violent) tactics in order to derail his tenacious playing style.

In 1900–01, Westwick returned to the Ottawa Hockey Club, and he played for the club until 1908, and was a member of the four-time Stanley Cup winning squad later dubbed the Silver Seven for receiving silver nuggets for their 1903 Stanley Cup win. Westwick's best season was in 1905, when he scored 15 goals in eight regular season games, and 5 goals in the Dawson City challenge series. In 1906–07, his brother Tom joined the Ottawa squad, starting one game. By 1909, Westwick's skating ability had been reduced by a series of ankle injuries and he did not make the 1909 Ottawa squad. He played the season for the Ottawa Senators of the Federal League, a professional team which had several former Silver Seven players. It was his last season.

Ringer with Kenora
On one occasion, after ice hockey had become professional in 1906, Westwick played for a team other than Ottawa. He joined the Stanley Cup champion Kenora Thistles in 1907 after the Ottawa's 1907 season was complete. He played the final games of the Thistles' season and played in the Thistles defence of its Stanley Cup win against the Montreal Wanderers, at the time, the arch-rival of Ottawa. While the Thistles defended their Cup win in Manitoba playing with Westwick, his appearance with the Thistles caused the challenge series with the Wanderers to be protested by the Wanderers and a cancellation was threatened by the Stanley Cup trustees. The series, held in Winnipeg, was beyond the reach of the trustees, and went ahead. The Wanderers won the series, making the protest moot. The following year, the trustees implemented the January 1 rule, where only players on a team as of January 1 of the season were eligible for Stanley Cup play.

Retirement
Westwick remained involved in hockey, becoming a referee in the National Hockey Association (NHL) after retiring from active play. In 1915–16, at a time when many players were off fighting in World War I, Westwick helped out Ottawa in a comeback role, playing three games, although he did not score any goals.

Numerous ankle injuries suffered during his playing career ultimately necessitated the amputation of his left leg above the knee in 1949. Westwick was posthumously inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963.

Regular season and playoffs
OCJHL = Ottawa City Junior Hockey League, OHA Int. = OHA Intermediate

Awards and honours

 * Stanley Cup winner (4 times from 1903 to 1906)
 * FAHL Second All-Star Team (1905)
 * ECAHA First All-Star Team (1906)
 * National Lacrosse Union All-Star (1902)
 * Lacrosse world titles (3 times)
 * Hockey Hall of Fame member – 1962
 * Ottawa Sport Hall of Fame member

Source: Hockey Hall of Fame, Who's Who in Canadian Sport.

title: Rat Westwick


text:
Thins

Thins is one of the largest brands of savoury snack potato chips currently available in Australia, and is owned by Snack Brands Australia (who in turn is owned by Intersnack). The snack food is a thinly-sliced variety of potato chip (crisp) and comes in a variety of flavours, including Chicken, Original, Salt & Vinegar, BBQ Ribs, Cheese & Onion, Sour Cream & Chives and Light & Tangy. Thins compete chiefly with Smith's Thinly Cut, another thinly sliced potato chip, along with various crinkle cut brands.

The Thins brand has undergone several ownership changes throughout its history. Originally owned by Arnott's, the brand was sold to The Smith's Snackfood Company shortly after Arnott's was bought by the Campbell Soup Company in a hostile takeover bid in 1997. Smith's, in turn, was purchased by PepsiCo and began to re-label the Thins brand jointly with Pepsi's own brand of thin potato chips, Lay's. It was sold under the moniker Thins: now known internationally as Lay's. Smith's later sold Thins to Snack Foods Limited but continued to produce its own line of potato chips under the Lay's brand name. For a while, there were two competing lines of potato chips released in Australia that were effectively the same product and even shared similar packaging since the Thins packet design was based on the Lay's packaging in North America.

In 2002, Snack Foods Limited was purchased by Arnott's, and, for a time, the Thins brand was returned to the company that created it. Smith's produced a line of potato chips under the Lay's brand for a brief period until it was eventually rebranded as Smith's Crisps (now Smith's Thinly Cut), and the traditional Smith's line was renamed Smith's Crinkle Cut. Thins is still sold in Australia as a direct competitor to Smith's Chips.

title: Thins


text:
User talk:Soulstice

Welcome!

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Regarding edits made during January 8 2007 (UTC) to United States
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title: User talk:Soulstice


text:
List of newspapers in Houston

Partial list of area newspapers

 * Baytown Sun
 * Bellaire Examiner
 * The Collegian (Houston Baptist University)
 * Community Impact Newspaper
 * The Courier (Montgomery County's only daily newspaper)
 * The Daily Cougar
 * Galveston County Daily News
 * Houston Business Journal
 * Houston Chronicle
 * Houston Defender
 * Houston Forward Times
 * Houston Press (online only since November 2017)
 * Houston Style Magazine (Urban Weekly Newspaper)
 * Houston Voice (LGBTQ newspaper)
 * The Leader (The Heights, Garden Oaks, Oak Forest, and North Houston)
 * Mach Song (national Vietnamese paper)
 * Manila Headline (Filipino community newspaper)
 * Memorial Examiner
 * The National Outreach (national newspaper)
 * La Prensa de Houston
 * Rice Thresher
 * River Oaks Examiner
 * Sports Edition Magazine
 * La Voz de Houston
 * West University Examiner

Defunct:
 * El Día
 * Free Press Houston
 * La Gaceta Mexicana
 * Houston Post
 * Public News
 * Telegraph and Texas Register

African-American newspapers
Several African-American-owned newspapers are published in Houston. Allan Turner of the Houston Chronicle said that the papers "are both journalistic throwbacks — papers whose content directly reflects their owners' views — and cutting-edge, hyper-local publications targeting the concerns of the city's roughly half-million African-Americans." By 2011 many of the African-American newspapers began to establish presences on the World Wide Web.

Alternative newspapers
There was an underground newspaper called Space City, cofounded by Thorne Dreyer, which operated circa 1971 for around three and a half years. It was operated by a committee of half men and half women. A Ku Klux Klan group attacked the office with a bomb around 1971.

title: List of newspapers in Houston


text: Talk:Pavel Filonov

title: Talk:Pavel Filonov


text:
A. C. Grayling

Anthony Clifford Grayling (born 3 April 1949) is a British philosopher and author. He was born in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) and spent most of his childhood there and in Nyasaland (now Malawi). In 2011 he founded and became the first Master of New College of the Humanities (now Northeastern University London), an independent undergraduate college in London. Until June 2011, he was Professor of Philosophy at Birkbeck, University of London, where he taught from 1991. He is also a supernumerary fellow of St Anne's College, Oxford, where he formerly taught.

Grayling is the author of about 30 books on philosophy, biography, history of ideas, human rights and ethics, including The Refutation of Scepticism (1985), The Future of Moral Values (1997), Wittgenstein (1992), What Is Good? (2000), The Meaning of Things (2001), The Good Book (2011), The God Argument (2013), The Age of Genius: The Seventeenth Century and the Birth of the Modern Mind (2016) and Democracy and its Crises (2017).

Grayling was a trustee of the London Library and a fellow of the World Economic Forum, and is a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the Royal Society of Arts. For a number of years he was a columnist for The Guardian newspaper, and presented the BBC World Service series Exchanges at the Frontier on science and society.

Grayling was a director and contributor at Prospect magazine from its foundation until 2016. He is a vice-president of Humanists UK, honorary associate of the National Secular Society, and Patron of the Defence Humanists. His main academic interests lie in epistemology, metaphysics, and philosophical logic and he has published works in these subjects. His political affiliations lie on the centre-left, and he has defended human rights and politically liberal values in print and by activism. He is associated in Britain with other New Atheists. He frequently appears in British media discussing philosophy and public affairs. In his book, Democracy and Its Crisis, Grayling argues that voting systems must be reformed to prevent certain results, such as Brexit and the election of Donald Trump.

Early life and education
Son of Henry Clifford and Ursula Adelaide Grayling (née Burns), Grayling was born and raised in Luanshya, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), within the British expatriate enclave, and raised there and in Nyasaland (now Malawi) where his father worked as manager for the Standard Bank. He attended several boarding schools, including Falcon College in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), from which he ran away after being regularly caned. His first exposure to philosophical writing was at the age of twelve, when he found an English translation of the Charmides, one of Plato's dialogues, in a local library. At age fourteen, he read G. H. Lewes's Biographical History of Philosophy (1846), which confirmed his ambition to study philosophy; he said it "superinduced order on the random reading that had preceded it, and settled my vocation".

Grayling had an elder sister Jennifer and brother John. When he was 19 years old, his elder sister Jennifer was murdered in Johannesburg. She had been born with brain damage, and after brain surgery to alleviate it at the age of 20 had experienced personality problems that led to emotional difficulties and a premature marriage. She was found dead in a river shortly after the marriage; she had been stabbed. When her parents went to identify her, her mother—already ill—had a heart attack and died. Grayling said he dealt with his grief by becoming a workaholic.

After moving to England in his teens, he spent three years at the University of Sussex, but said that although he applauded their intention to educate generalists, he wished to be a scholar, so in addition to his BA from Sussex, he also completed one in philosophy as a University of London external student. He went on to obtain an MA from Sussex, then attended Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was taught by P. F. Strawson and A. J. Ayer, obtaining his doctorate in 1981 for a thesis on Epistemological Scepticism and Transcendental Arguments. A part of that thesis is published as The Refutation of Scepticism (1985) and its themes are further developed in Scepticism and the Possibility of Knowledge (2008).

Career
Grayling lectured in philosophy at Bedford College, London, and St Anne's College, Oxford, before taking up a post in 1991 at Birkbeck, University of London, where in 1998 he became reader in philosophy, and in 2005 professor. In addition to his work on Berkeley, philosophical logic, the theory of knowledge, and the history of ideas, the latter including (as chief editor) the four-volume The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy, he wrote and edited several pedagogical works in philosophy, including An Introduction to Philosophical Logic (3rd ed., 1999) and the two volumes Philosophy: A Guide Through the Subject (1995) and Philosophy: Further Through the Subject (1998).

In his philosophical work, Grayling connected solutions to the problem of scepticism in epistemology with the questions about assertability and the problem of meaning in the philosophy of language and logic. A principal theme in his work is that considerations of metaphysics, which relate to what exists, has to be kept separate from the two connected questions of the relation of thought to its objects in the variety of domains over which thought ranges, and the mastery of discourses about those domains, where a justificationist approach is required.

Grayling resigned from Birkbeck in June 2011 to found and become the first master of New College of the Humanities, an independent undergraduate college in London. In February 2019, Northeastern University, a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, purchased the New College of the Humanities. He is a Supernumerary Fellow of St Anne's College, Oxford. He was a judge on the Man Booker prize 2003 and Chairman of the Judges for the 2014 Man Booker Prize. He has also been a judge on the Wellcome Trust Book Prize and the Art Fund prize.

In 2013 he was awarded the Forkosch Literary Prize, and in 2015 he received the Bertrand Russell Society Award. Grayling was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to philosophy.

Public advocacy
For Grayling, work on technical problems is only one aspect of philosophy. Another aspect, one which has been at the centre of philosophy's place in history, has more immediate application to daily life: the questions of ethics, which revolve upon what Grayling calls the great Socratic question, 'How should one live?'. In pursuit of what he describes as 'contributing to the conversation society has with itself about possibilities for good lives in good societies', Grayling writes widely on contemporary issues, including war crimes, the legalisation of drugs, euthanasia, secularism, human rights and other topics in the tradition of Polemics. He has articulated positions on humanist ethics and on the history and nature of concepts of liberty as applied in civic life. In support of his belief that the philosopher should engage in public debate, he brings these philosophical perspectives to issues of the day in his work as a writer and as a commentator on radio and television.

Among his contributions to the discussion about religion in contemporary society he argues that there are three separable, though naturally connected debates:
 * (a) a metaphysical debate about what the universe contains; denying that it contains supernatural agencies of any kind makes him an atheist;
 * (b) a debate about the basis of ethics; taking the world to be a natural realm of natural law requires that humanity thinks for itself about the right and the good, based on our best understanding of human nature and the human condition; this makes him a humanist;
 * (c) a debate about the place of religious movements and organisations in the public domain; as a secularist Grayling argues that these should see themselves as civil society organisations on a par with trade unions and other NGOs, with every right to exist and to have their say, but no greater right than any other self-constituted, self-selected interest group.

On this last point, Grayling's view is that for historical reasons religions have an inflated place in the public domain out of all proportion to the numbers of their adherents or their intrinsic merits, so that their voice and influence is amplified disproportionately: with the result that they can distort such matters as public policy (e.g. on abortion) and science research and education (e.g. stem cells, teaching of evolution). He argues that winning the metaphysical and ethical debates is already abating the problems associated with (c) in more advanced Western societies, even the US. He sees his own major contribution as being the promotion of understanding of humanist ethics deriving from the philosophical tradition.

Between 1999 and 2002 Grayling wrote a weekly column in The Guardian called "The Last Word", on a different topic every week. In these columns, which also formed the basis of a series of books for a general readership, commencing with The Meaning of Things in 2001, Grayling made the basics of philosophy available to the layperson. He is a regular contributor to The Guardian's "Comment is free" group blog, and writes columns for, among others, the Prospect and New Scientist magazines.

Grayling is accredited with the United Nations Human Rights Council, and is a patron of Humanists UK, an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society, Patron of the Defence Humanists, was a Trustee of the London Library, and a board member of the Society of Authors and an Honorary Patron of the Philosophy Foundation, a charity whose aim is to bring philosophy to the wider community, and particularly to disadvantaged schools. In 2003 he was a Booker Prize judge and Chairman of the Judges for the 2014 Man Booker Prize. In 2005, Grayling debated with Christian philosopher William Lane Craig on whether God can exist in an evil world. Grayling is also a Patron of the right to die organisation, My Death My Decision.

Grayling wrote a book on the allied strategic air offensive in World War II, Among the Dead Cities: The History and Moral Legacy of the WWII Bombing of Civilians in Germany and Japan (2006), as a contribution to the debate on the ethics of war. In September 2010, Grayling was one of 55 public figures who sent a letter to The Guardian expressing their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI's state visit to the UK. In August 2014, Grayling was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian opposing Scottish independence in the run-up to September's referendum on that issue.

A. C. Grayling was one of the contributors to the book, We Are One: A Celebration of Tribal Peoples, released in October 2009. The book explores the cultures of peoples around the world, portraying both their diversity and the threats they face. Other contributors included not only western writers, such as Laurens van der Post, Noam Chomsky, Claude Lévi-Strauss, but also indigenous people, such as Davi Kopenawa Yanomami and Roy Sesana. The royalties from the sale of this book go to the indigenous rights organisation, Survival International.

In recent years Grayling has been campaigning against the UK Government's response to the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum result. In his book, Democracy and Its Crisis, Grayling argues that voting systems must be reformed to prevent certain results, such as Brexit and the election of Donald Trump. Grayling has tweeted that Brexit must be made to disappear like a "nasty, temporary, hiccup, soon forgotten".

Personal life
Grayling lives in central London. He has two children from his first marriage, Anthony Joslin Clifford Grayling and Georgina Eveline Ursula Grayling, and one daughter, Madeline Catherine Jennifer Grayling, from his second marriage to novelist Katie Hickman.

Positions held

 * Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature
 * Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts
 * Fellow of the World Economic Forum (2000–2004)
 * Member of the editorial boards of Reason in Practice and Prospect
 * British Academy visitor to the Institute of Philosophy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (1986)
 * Director of the Sino-British Summer School in Philosophy in Beijing (1988, 1993)
 * Jan Hus Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Philosophy at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (1994 and 1996)
 * Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship (1998)
 * Honorary Secretary of the Aristotelian Society (1993–2001)
 * Gifford Lecturer at the University of Glasgow (2005)
 * Past chairman of June Fourth, a human rights group concerned with China
 * Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society
 * Patron of the British Armed Forces Humanist Association (UKAFHA)
 * Representative to the UN Human Rights Council for the International Humanist and Ethical Union
 * Vice-president, British Humanist Association. In June 2011, it was announced that he had decided not to take up the position of President of the BHA.
 * Member of the C1 World Dialogue group on relations between Islam and the West

Publications

 * An Introduction to Philosophical Logic (1982). ISBN 0-389-20299-1
 * The Refutation of Scepticism (1985). ISBN 0-7156-1922-5
 * Berkeley: The Central Arguments (1986). ISBN 0-7156-2065-7
 * Wittgenstein (1988). ISBN 0-19-287676-7
 * with Susan Whitfield. China: A Literary Companion (1994). ISBN 0-7195-5353-9
 * (ed). Philosophy: A Guide Through the Subject (1995). ISBN 0-19-875156-7
 * Russell (1996). ISBN 0-19-287683-X
 * Republished in 2002 as Russell: A Very Short Introduction. ISBN 0192802585
 * The Future of Moral Values (1997), ISBN 0-297-81973-9
 * Philosophy 2: Further Through the Subject (1998). ISBN 0-19-875179-6, ed.
 * The Quarrel of the Age: The Life and Times of William Hazlitt (2000). ISBN 0-297-64322-3
 * The Meaning of Things: Applying Philosophy to Life (2001). ISBN 0-297-60758-8
 * published in the US as Meditations for the Humanist: Ethics for a Secular Age.
 * The Reason of Things: Living with Philosophy (2002). ISBN 0-297-82935-1
 * published in the US as Life, Sex, and Ideas: The Good Life Without God.
 * What Is Good?: The Search for the Best Way to Live (2003). ISBN 0-297-84132-7
 * The Mystery of Things (2004). ISBN 0-297-64559-5
 * The Art of Always Being Right (2004). ISBN 1-903933-61-7 [Edited T. Bailey Saunders' translation of Schopenhauer's essay The Art of Being Right]
 * Descartes: The Life of René Descartes and Its Place in His Times (2005). ISBN 0-7432-3147-3
 * The Heart of Things: Applying Philosophy to the 21st Century (2005). ISBN 0-297-84819-4
 * The Form of Things: Essays on Life, Ideas and Liberty in the 21st Century (2006). ISBN 0-297-85167-5
 * with Andrew Pyle and Naomi Goulder (eds). The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy (2006), ISBN 1-84371-141-9
 * Among the Dead Cities: The History and Moral Legacy of the WWII Bombing of Civilians in Germany and Japan (2006). ISBN 0802714714
 * with Mick Gordon. On Religion (2007).
 * Against All Gods: Six Polemics on Religion and an Essay on Kindness (2007). ISBN 978-1-84002-728-0
 * Truth, Meaning and Realism: Essays in the Philosophy of Thought (2007). ISBN 978-0-8264-9748-2
 * Towards The Light (2007). ISBN 978-0-8027-1636-1
 * published in the US as Towards the Light of Liberty.
 * The Choice of Hercules (2007).
 * Scepticism and the Possibility of Knowledge (2008).
 * Ideas That Matter: A Personal Guide for the 21st Century (2009). ISBN 978-0-297-85676-4
 * Liberty in the Age of Terror : A Defence of Civil Society and Enlightenment Values (2009).
 * To Set Prometheus Free: Essays on Religion, Reason and Humanity (2009). ISBN 978-1-84002-962-8
 * Thinking of Answers: Questions in the Philosophy of Everyday Life (2010). ISBN 978-1-4088-0598-5
 * The Good Book (2011). ISBN 978-0-8027-1737-5
 * Friendship (2013). ISBN 978-0300175356
 * The God Argument (2013). ISBN 978-1-62040-190-3
 * Among the Dead Cities: Was the Allied Bombing of Civilians in WWII a Necessity or a Crime? (Bloomsbury edition; 2014). ISBN 0-7475-7671-8
 * The Challenge of Things: Thinking Through Troubled Times (2015). ISBN 978-1-4088-6461-6
 * The Age of Genius: The Seventeenth Century and the Birth of the Modern Mind (2016). ISBN 978-0747599425
 * War: An Enquiry (2017). ISBN 978-0300175349
 * Democracy and its Crisis (2018). ISBN 9781786072894
 * The History of Philosophy (2019). ISBN 9780241304556
 * The Good State: On the Principles of Democracy (2020). ISBN 9781786077189
 * The Frontiers of Knowledge: What We Know About Science, History and The Mind (2021). ISBN 9780241304563
 * For the Good of the World: Is Global Agreement on Global Challenges Possible? (2022). ISBN 9780861542666

Foreword to other books
Foreword to Shyam Wuppuluri, N. C. A. da Costa (eds.), "Wittgensteinian (adj.): Looking at the World from the Viewpoint of Wittgenstein's Philosophy" Springer — The Frontiers Collection, 2019.

title: A. C. Grayling


text:
Fred Whitcroft

Frederick John Whitcroft (2 December 1882 – 9 August 1931) was a Canadian ice hockey player and coach. Whitcroft played for several notable amateur and early professional hockey squads, including the Renfrew Creamery Kings, Edmonton Eskimos and Kenora Thistles, between 1906 and 1910. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962.

Hockey career
Early in his career, Whitcroft made a name for himself in hockey circles with his outstanding amateur play with the Peterborough Colts (Ontario Hockey Association Junior and Intermediate 1899-1904 and 1905-1907). In 1907 the Stanley Cup champion Kenora Thistles signed him to a $700 contract. While with the Thistles, the team defeated Brandon to retain the Stanley Cup. The club next played a challenge with the Montreal Wanderers. The Wanderers defeated the Thistles in a two game, total points series by the score of 12–8, avenging their loss to the Thistles earlier in the season.

The following year Whitcroft signed a contract to play with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Alberta Professional Hockey League. While with Edmonton, Whitcroft scored six goals in a game, five goals in a game three times and four times in a game once. Whitcroft led the league two years running in goals scored. Edmonton played in one Stanley Cup challenge in 1908, coming up against the Wanderers, losing 13-10 on goals in a two-game series. After the Edmonton team disbanded in December 1909, Whitcroft jumped back east and signed with the National Hockey Association's Renfrew Creamery Kings for $2,000. Among his teammates were Hockey Hall of Famers Cyclone Taylor, Frank Patrick, Lester Patrick, and Newsy Lalonde, on a team dubbed the Renfrew Millionaires. After one season playing for the Millionaires, Whitcroft retired from playing. He coached the Edmonton Dominions to the Alberta championship in 1913–14.

He took up gold prospecting after his hockey career was over, while also coaching the Edmonton team for the Patricks, his former teammates. Whitcroft died of a heart attack in northern British Columbia August 9, 1931.

title: Fred Whitcroft


text:
Talk:Steve Finnan

Untitled
If he didn't join Liverpool until the summer of 2003, he has not won the UEFA Cup. Is the trivia incorrect or badly worded? Should it say played in all those competitions rather than won them?

steve finnan is the best right back in the premiership and should be picked over stephen carr for ireland.

Is Steve Finnan born on April 24 or April 20? My match programme from a Liverpool FC game lists his D.O.B. as April 20 but the main body of the article has his D.O.B. as April 24. The text beneath the photo then says April 20? Suggest April 20 is the correct date? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 82.41.236.204 (talk • contribs).

 * His DOB is listed as 24 April 1976 at his official squad profile page. -- Alias Flood 00:04, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

Why is his transfer fee given in Euro? He moved between 2 English clubs, so surely it was in Pounds Sterling.

STEVE'S HEIGHT
I don't think Steve is 6 foot, I am pretty sure he is 5'10' so I have changed it, would anyone mind getting citation for this please.

 * His height is given on BBC Football as 1.83 which translates to 6'0" (just over). I have amended the article to reflect this. -- Alias Flood 16:43, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I am not satisfied that is correct, I have met the man as he is from my home city and he is not 6', I have seen him alongside John Arne Riise who is six foot and he is up to two inches smaller. That BBC Sport profile website is notoriously incorrect for heights and weights. I have a copy of Barry J Hugman's book profiling all English footballers and his height is given as 5'10 in this, I also suggest you go onto Liverpool's website where his height will match this. I am changing it back. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Bazzajf (talk • contribs).

 * Funnily enough the Liverpool website isn't a good website for this kind of information. They list Carragher as 5'9"(!) . It also doesn't even guess at Fowler's height . I'll change it back to 6'0", even though you might actually have a point.
 * For further reading on this issue, see Gerrard's talk page. aLii 23:18, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Proud of his Irish nationality
"He is very proud of his Irish nationality and he has alluded to this fact in many interviews. He is particularly proud of the fact that he comes from Limerick City and is known to travel back to Limerick to see relations frequently during the off-season. "

is this really necessary? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.37.82.105 (talk • contribs) 13:46, 4 July 2006

 * Hmm. It does seem a little bit pointless to me. aLii 13:59, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

 * This article is about the person Steve Finnan and, therefore, I think that it has a relavency, albeit a minor one. -- Alias Flood 15:40, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll expand then. Being proud or not of one's nationality could be entered into every biographical article on wikipedia. Unless the person is famous for being outspoken about nationality then I'd say it's irrelevant. Ian Wright is obviously a very passionate Englishman (or at least that's how he comes across on TV) but it isn't mentioned in his article. There isn't even a citation to back the above "fact" up. One could go through the entire Irish squad and insert the same info - should we? I think it should be removed as irrelevant. aLii 16:04, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Allow me to expand ... I have no knowledge whatsoever of Finnan's degree of patriotism but this extract intimated (to me) that he is especially patriotic. Admittedly there is no source which is unfortunate and this makes it 'deletable' but I would not want to delete something that is true and might be of some relevance to some researcher/reader. I do not recall ever seeing him interviewed but if he alludes to his patriotism with the regularity that this entry suggests, I feel that we should keep it in — perhaps in a shortened form. As for Ian Wright, I did not realise that he is an English patriotic enthusiast. I have heard his passion expressed only in terms of the England football team which is something different altogether. -- Alias Flood 16:26, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

 * How about moving it into the article proper rather than being the second fact a reader will see? He certainly isn't especially famous for being patriotic, he's famous for being a footballer. aLii 16:29, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree that it should not have the prominence or length that it enjoys at the present time. Perhaps we could shorten it to him just alluding to his Irish patriotism many times in interviews. The fact that he travels regularly to see relatives is just fodder as this will apply to pretty well everybody. -- Alias Flood 16:56, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

I searched all over for any references to the fact and could not find any. It adds little to the relevancy of the article seeing as it is in the international career section of the page. If anything, it should be noted in another section perhaps detailing personal life. I think it's best to remove it for the time being unless someone can back up the point. Cliniic (talk) 09:57, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

World Cup Final
I'm pretty sure the Republic of Ireland has been in no World Cup finals. Why is this in the article? 24.251.147.57 06:07, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

'World Cup Finals' means the final tournament, not the match —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.153.35.50 (talk) 23:11, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

club career
does finnan 2 years at Welling United considered youth club? esp the current article mentioned that "turning professional with Birmingham City in 1995" Xaiver0510 19:16, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Steve Finnan


text:
List of parliamentary constituencies in North Yorkshire

The county of North Yorkshire, together with the unitary authority of York, is divided into nine parliamentary constituencies: one borough constituency and eight county constituencies.

2010 boundary changes
Under the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the Boundary Commission for England decided that North Yorkshire should continue to be divided into 8 constituencies for the 2010 general election, but the boundaries were extensively redrawn in the south-eastern part to accommodate exactly two seats wholly within the recently formed unitary authority of York. The Vale of York was abolished and a new constituency named York Outer created, with City of York being renamed York Central. Ryedale was succeeded by Thirsk and Malton, and Selby was renamed Selby and Ainsty.

Proposed boundary changes
See 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies for further details.

Following the abandonment of the Sixth Periodic Review (the 2018 review), the Boundary Commission for England formally launched the 2023 Review on 5 January 2021. Initial proposals were published on 8 June 2021 and, following two periods of public consultation, revised proposals were published on 8 November 2022. The final proposals were published on 28 June 2023.

The commission has proposed that North Yorkshire be combined with West Yorkshire as a sub-region of the Yorkshire and the Humber Region, resulting in the creation of two new cross-county boundary constituencies: Selby which comprises the majority of the abolished constituency of Selby and Ainsty and includes the City of Leeds ward of Kippax and Methley; and a new constituency named Wetherby and Easingwold which includes the City of Leeds wards of Harewood and Weatherby. It is proposed that Richmond (Yorks) is renamed Richmond and Northallerton.

The following constituencies are proposed:

Containing electoral wards from Craven

 * Skipton and Ripon (part)

Containing electoral wards from Hambleton

 * Richmond and Northallerton (part)
 * Thirsk and Malton (part)
 * Weatherby and Easingwold (part)1

Containing electoral wards from Harrogate

 * Harrogate and Knaresborough
 * Skipton and Ripon (part)
 * Weatherby and Easingwold (part)1

Containing electoral wards from Richmondshire

 * Richmond and Northallerton (part)

Containing electoral wards from Ryedale

 * Thirsk and Malton (part)

Containing electoral wards from Scarborough

 * Scarborough and Whitby
 * Thirsk and Malton CC (part)

Containing electoral wards from Selby

 * Selby (part also in the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire)
 * Weatherby and Easingwold (part)1

Containing electoral wards from York

 * York Central
 * York Outer

1 also contains parts in the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire

Results history
Primary data source: House of Commons research briefing – General election results from 1918 to 2019

2019
The number of votes cast for each political party who fielded candidates in constituencies comprising North Yorkshire in the 2019 general election were as follows:

Percentage votes
11983 & 1987 – SDP-Liberal Alliance 1979 – Liberal 1979 – Historic county

* Included in Other

Seats
11983 & 1987 – SDP-Liberal Alliance

Historical representation by party
Data given here is for the North Riding of Yorkshire until 1983, and includes the city of York throughout. A cell marked → (with a different colour background to the preceding cell) indicates that the previous MP continued to sit under a new party name.

1983 to present
1also includes some parts of West Yorkshire


text:
Samboy

Samboy (Snackfood) is a brand of crinkled potato chips released in Australia. It is owned by Snack Brands Australia.

The most popular flavours are Chicken, Original, Salt & Vinegar, Atomic Tomato and BBQ.

History
Samboy Chips were originally produced and distributed by Norm and Ed Meyer in the 1950s.

In the 1960s Samboy chips were not crinkle cut and only came in barbecue flavour. In the 1980s, the "Original" (ready salted) flavour was called "Samboy Gold".

The brand is best remembered by its 1980s advertising campaign that stated “Samboy: The flavour really hits you”. One ad featured a man on a bicycle delivering chips to various people. He would hit the front brake at the last moment, performing an 'endo' as he came to an abrupt stop. He'd then present the pink bag of "Salt and Vinegar Samboy" chips, before immediately cycling off hastily, pulling a 'mono' as he left. The confused customer would then be drenched in a huge amount of salt and vinegar falling from the sky. Subsequent deliveries would see recipients hit by falling giant chickens and flattened by a solid brick BBQ, representing the different flavours available.

An advertising campaign during the 1990s included the slogan "Hit me with a Samboy chip", with the television commercial featuring a variety of Australian celebrities furthering the slogan to "hit me slowly, hit me quick, hit me, hit me, hit me", imitating the song Hit Me With Your Rhythm Stick by Ian Dury & The Blockheads.

In 2003-2004 Arnotts discontinued the 'Atomic Tomato' flavour.

In late 2008 the brand was reintroduced after being acquired by Snack Brands Australia due to demand from groups on the social networking site Facebook. Original, BBQ, Chicken, Salt & Vinegar as well as Atomic Tomato were the flavours re-released.

title: Samboy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David Judovin

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 07:16, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

David Judovin
Article fails to establish notability. RickK 22:38, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep was Chancellor Commander of the Benjamin N. Cardozo Lodge of the Knights of Pythias, the largest lodge in New Jersey.
 * The above by User:Judsons164. RickK 23:13, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable. King Nine 22:45, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity. Martg76 23:20, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 05:41, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Joel Katz

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Keep. Eugene van der Pijll 20:06, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Joel Katz
Was tagged for speedy, but doesn't meet criteria. I'm guessing non-notable. BTW, I am abstaining from the vote. Lachatdelarue (talk) 22:38, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, appeared at Radio City Music Hall with many other major stars, has appeared before 2000 fans in Germany in 2001, been recording engineer on hundreds of songs at the Broadway South Recording Studio,has 50 releases of his on vinyl and CD, has made Billboard pick of the week, currently sings with The Emotions. -- Judsons164

 * Keep, oldies.com says "..long, productive and impressive career of Joel Katz - artist, producer and vocalist extraordinaire. Responsible for dozens of Doo Wop revivalist groups... " Kappa 04:03, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 05:40, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Phat Wilson

Gordon Allan "Phat" Wilson (December 29, 1895 – July 26, 1970) was a Canadian amateur ice hockey forward who won the Allan Cup three times as a member of the Port Arthur Bearcats. Regarded as one of the top amateur players of his time, Wilson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963.

Hockey career
A native of Port Arthur, Ontario, Wilson did not even know how to skate when he joined the town's church league in 1914. Serving as a substitute, he improved his skating enough that he earned a full-time role on his team the following year and played two seasons of junior hockey before joining the Port Arthur War Veterans senior team at the age of 18.

Wilson moved to Iroquois Falls, Ontario for a season to play in the Northern Ontario Hockey Association (NOHA) in 1921–22 before returning to Port Arthur a year later to play for the Port Arthur Bearcats. He was a top player in the NOHA, leading Port Arthur to an Allan Cup championship in 1925 as Canada's national senior champions. Wilson and the Bearcats repeated as champions the following year and won a third Allan Cup in 1929. Professional teams took note of his play; teams from Calgary, Edmonton and Toronto all offered him but he declined, preferring to remain in his hometown.

He was an outstanding offensive defenceman who won several scoring titles during his career. He retired as a player in 1932 at the age of 37 and took on the dual role of coach and manager of the Bearcats. In recognition of his career in Port Arthur, Wilson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963 and the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in its inaugural class of 1982.

Off the ice
In addition to hockey, Wilson played baseball and served as a volunteer and executive in both sports. He was named the first president of Port Arthur's little league when it was founded in 1952 and helped found the community's girls hockey league, serving also as a coach and referee. His son Gord would also play hockey, appearing in two playoff games with the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League during the 1954–55 season.

title: Phat Wilson


text:
Tijucas

Tijucas is a small (278,4 km2) city in the greater Florianópolis metropolitan area, Santa Catarina, Brazil. It was founded on June 13, 1860. It is located at latitude 27°14'29" South and longitude 48°38'01" West, with an altitude of 2 meters. Its population in 2020 was 39,155 inhabitants. It has an area of 278.91 km2.

Situated on the margins of the River Tijucas and through Tijucas BR 101 road, its main sources of income are the industries of pottery and agriculture.

With its totally flat central area and the interior filled with soft hills and streams, offers its guests a pleasant stay, enjoying nature with a population particularly hospitable.

Culture
The city has large old houses, some over 100 years old, as is the Mansion of Family Gallotti. The house is one of the oldest noble mansions of the early twentieth century in the state. All materials for the construction of the house, which was completed in 1898, came from Europe and the first residents, the matriarch Chiquinha Gallotti and her family, who dominated the region's economy by working with craft and marketing of native woods, among other commercial activities.

Once a year is held in front of the Matriz Church a great feast, the feast of the Holy Spirit, when performed beyond the people from Tijucas the party has presence of people from other regions, as the cities of Canelinha, Itapema, São João Batista, among others. At Christmas time people may even see a live nativity scene being played out in front of the church. A city with friendly climate and culture of the Azores. Lately is being invested in musicality, usually presenting at times of year-end festivals and various bands.

title: Tijucas


text:
Talk:Syrian Armed Forces

Russia Presence
It should be updated with russia new military and intellegence support for Syria and a New naval base there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mescovic (talk • contribs) 06:47, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

Defensive weapons
I'm not sure what this sentence means: "In addition, Syria is trying to develop defensive weapons to limit the Israeli abilities to attack it." It's not clear what a "defensive weapon" is. A source would be helpful. SlimVirgin (talk) 22:39, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)

Yep, I agree with SlimVirgin. Expression "defensive weapon" seems to be at least suspicious. --83.240.4.195 12:13, 24 January 2006 (UTC) Jara

Syrian forces acquire nuclear missiles and a new fleet of 400 f-16s via pakistan. War on syria would constitute self made genocide for the zionist israelis

"Defensive Weapons" as fast deploying minefields, buried T55 tanks as fire-posts, fortification, AA missile arrays and other such weapons intended to deter Israel form further aggression against Syria, as the Doctrine of the Syrian Arab Army suggests strongly that undertaking offensive action against Israel to return the Quneytra Province (Golan Heights to Israel) would not be effective, or even feasible use of it's army (And quite reasonable of them, taking the current technical gap between the aging equipment of the SyAA and the IDF). The source for this is, woefully, confidential.

Also of the Chemical Weapons, in 1973 stockpiles of Chem Shells for 100mm tank cannons and 130mm Artillery cannons was captured during the Yom Kipur War by Israel on the outskirts of Damascus, since then it's mostly assumed that they still have some of it. Well, it has legs as much as it had in the Iraq case, but we aren't talking about the sanest and most humane regimes on Earth. Better safe then sorry.

Merge of Syrian Air Force proposed
Syrian Army has now been merged into this page as suggested 2005-12-15 and unopposed. It is now suggested that Syrian Air Force should likewise be merged. Boson 21:34, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

Done.Boson 17:43, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

Middle East

Good Article
This is a good article, well-written.

Syria and Weapons of Mass Destruction
Why doesn't this article mention Syria's development of chemical and biological weapons? Who removed it? I'm putting it back.

No.
Find a credible source that says Syria xzchemical and biological weapons and no one will have an issue with it.

STOP
Yeah um, wanna stop editing that 'militant and terrorists' part, it has already been discussed as a POV issue.
 * Where?Ingsoc 09:34, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * It is POV to call them terrorist organizations, as that is simply an opinion. Asabbagh 09:54, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * It is not POV when official governments and the UN have labelled them as such.--Degen Earthfast (talk) 12:46, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

POV Issue
Would someone like to correct this howler: "Syria is buying additional weapons to either counter Israel's abilities to attack it or more likely as preparation to take back the Golan Heights at some point in the future." First, there is absolutely no need to interject uninformed predictions about Syrian foreign policy in an article about Syria's military. Second, what evidence there is points the other way -- to Syria's build-up as a defensive, deterring force. This is just anti-Arab POV without a shred of justification for it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.20.140.12 (talk) 01:47, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

Chiefs of Staff
Can someone please add a list of the Chiefs of Staff of the Syrian armed forces? I cannot find such a list anywhere else on the internet. Thanks, Ynhockey (Talk) 00:44, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Syriaaflogo.gif
The image Image:Syriaaflogo.gif is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --03:09, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

Active units
I miss some information on the amount of active soldiers. 83.108.193.157 (talk) 12:45, 24 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Never mind, I inserted the numbers. 83.108.193.157 (talk) 08:39, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

Women in the Syrian military!
I've read somewhere that; and seen videos of women serving in the Syrian military at the time of Hafez el Assad! I saw some syrian military women on parade eating snakes and such, was that a product of the socialist nationalist ideals of Hafez's time?? is it over?

I mean for an Arab country it is somewhat of a rare find and worth mentioning to dispel our image of women oppressors!Zakster22` (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 16:09, 18 November 2010 (UTC).

 * To force women to eate snakes is oppression. --46.115.23.77 (talk) 13:40, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

Update
This page needs updating.--Degen Earthfast (talk) 12:46, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

POV pushing in lead
The Reuters article says: ""The commission has concluded, based on its findings, that members of the Syrian army and security forces have committed crimes again humanity in their repression of a largely civilian population in the context of a peaceful protest movement," Paulo Pinheiro, chairman of the three-member panel, told a news conference."

This article is about Syrian Army. There are number of armies in the world, where members have committed crimes, such as US army or Russian army. This does not mean that we should put such members deeds into the lead of articles about aforementioned armies. What would US army article lead look if we put all the human rights abuses in different wars into the beginning of articles? There are relevant articles about human rights in different countries. --Magabund (talk) 06:54, 29 May 2012 (UTC)
 * I was the 'anon' that readded this statement to the lead, based on previous editors. Please see Talk:Syrian Army, where the issue was initially raised (it also occurs there). Cheers Buckshot06 (talk) 07:35, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

History - Insurgency
This section is so badly written:

"Since the uprising began, the Armed Forces are sent to crash the protestors. As the uprising progressed growing number of soldiers began to defect from the Syrian Armed Forces and formed the rebels army called Free Syrian Army.[9] On March 2012 the Syrian government issued new travel restrictions for military-aged males. Under the new restrictions, reported by local Syrian news outlets, all males between 18 and 42 were banned from traveling outside the country.[10]

In late June, in an interview given by the rebels chief to Ashark Al-Awsat, Riad al-Asaad said that in recent time about 20-30 Syrian officers defect to Turkey each day.[11]"

Can someone fix the English and link it to other articles that concern the Syrian insurrection? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.12.161.116 (talk) 14:45, 1 July 2012 (UTC)

Leadership section corrected to show Sunni majority in rank and file military
74% of the Syrian population are Sunni. Military service is mandatory for all males over the age of 18. Mathematics indicates that the military must be majority Sunni, but the article stated that they are majority Alawite. The cited references, 17 and 18, do not support this conclusion. In fact, State.gov said the opposite: "Military leadership is heavily dominated by Alawi officers, but the vast majority of troops in uniform are Sunni."

One sentence was changed to indicate the Sunni majority in the military.

Becalmed (talk) 03:29, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

Confusing Edits
Why is this edit being reverted?Gobbleygook (talk) 06:19, 12 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Because you are duplicating sections, links, and already existing content. Please work with the article sections already in place. Of course, this would involve actually reading the article and not copying and pasting content from another article here in a haphazard fashion. This would involve doing actual research and writing actual content.  Please don't continue to copy and paste what you find from other articles over here. Viriditas (talk) 13:20, 13 May 2013 (UTC)
 * If you read the title of the section, you'd know why it's being put there. Gobbleygook (talk) 13:49, 13 May 2013 (UTC)
 * You are duplicating sections that already exists and you are copying material from other articles that you did not write for no reason. If you want to work on a section, then you need to work on the current section already in the article.  Is this making sense? We now have two sections about the civil war.  Further, you dishonestly claimed in your edit summary that there was an "unexplained removal of sourced material" when quite clearly, the explanation had been sitting here all along. Viriditas (talk) 13:52, 13 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Viriditas, there is no rule banning material from being copied from one article to another in Wikipedia. If the material helpfully explains and elaborates on the subject of the article, and is attributed through the proper talkpage attribution templates, there's no problem - instead it should be encouraged. Buckshot06 (talk) 00:25, 14 May 2013 (UTC)

National Defense Force to Armed forces branches
According to reports [|1], [|2], the NDF has been established and branded as a volunteer reserve army to augment the regular army (similar to the US national Guard), while under army control. I propose adding it to the Armed Forces branches. Anyone share my views? Lugnuthemvar (talk) 01:13, 17 February 2014 (UTC)
 * It has been reported by several media that the NDF is a militia wich is not part of the Army, having a different chain of command (so its not under army control). The comparison with the US National Guard is your POV, not backed by any source. So please, stop insisting in something wich is not true.-- HC  PUNX  KID 16:42, 24 February 2014 (UTC)

Syrian Armed Forces size during Civil War Contradictions.
Try to explain how 220,000(Army) plus 100,000(Air force) results on 295,000. The wikipedian behind this edits thinks readers are idiots? This is an insult, please a little of math woudnt be bad, if thats a propaganda lie (100 % posible) do a better job next time.200.48.214.19 (talk) 17:57, 31 October 2014 (UTC) lol it"s US freedom/real/good we trast — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.218.183.192 (talk) 15:17, 29 January 2016 (UTC) § =)80.91.194.173 (talk) 10:02, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Syrian Armed Forces. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20111120171332/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Sky-News-Analysis-Tim-Marshall-Looks-At-Why-The-Bashir-Al-Assad-Regime-Has-Not-Collapsed/Article/201105115987446?lpos=World_News_First_Home_Page_Feature_Teaser_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15987446_Sky_News_Analysis%3A_Tim_Marshall_Looks_At_Why_The_Bashir_Al_Assad_Regime_Has_Not_Collapsed_ to http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Sky-News-Analysis-Tim-Marshall-Looks-At-Why-The-Bashir-Al-Assad-Regime-Has-Not-Collapsed/Article/201105115987446?lpos=World_News_First_Home_Page_Feature_Teaser_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15987446_Sky_News_Analysis%3A_Tim_Marshall_Looks_At_Why_The_Bashir_Al_Assad_Regime_Has_Not_Collapsed_
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20141009195423/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/Page/document/v4/sub/MarketingPage?user_URL=http://www.theglobeandmail.com%2Fservlet%2FArticleNews%2FTPStory%2FLAC%2F20040928%2FCOSYRIA28%2FTPComment%2FTopStories&ord=2674524&brand=theglobeandmail&redirect_reason=2&denial_reasons=none&force_login=false to http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/Page/document/v4/sub/MarketingPage?user_URL=http://www.theglobeandmail.com%2Fservlet%2FArticleNews%2FTPStory%2FLAC%2F20040928%2FCOSYRIA28%2FTPComment%2FTopStories&ord=2674524&brand=theglobeandmail&redirect_reason=2&denial_reasons=none&force_login=false

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 15:05, 27 August 2015 (UTC)

Foreign suppliers
There is continuous adding and replacing of foreign suppliers section in the infobox. I have reverted to a version where there is a source next to the elements. I am not sure about whether that source is reliable or not. In any case unsourced contents should not be added.--SharabSalam (talk) 05:05, 26 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Syrian Armed Forces


text:
Statehouse

State House or statehouse may refer to:

Buildings

 * State House, Barbados, the official residence of the President of Barbados
 * State House, Bermuda, the original parliament building
 * State House (Kenya), the official residence of the President of Kenya
 * State House (Mauritius), the official residence of the President of the Republic of Mauritius
 * State House (Pennsylvania), the official residence of the Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania
 * State House (Seychelles), the official residence of the President of the Seychelles
 * State House (Sierra Leone), the official residence of the President of the Sierra Leone
 * State House (Tanzania), the official residence of the President of Tanzania
 * State House (Uganda), the official residence of the President of Uganda
 * State House (Zimbabwe), the official residence of the President of Zimbabwe in Harare
 * State House (Bulawayo), the official residence of the President of Zimbabwe in Bulawayo
 * State House of Namibia, the official residence of the President of Namibia
 * Aso Villa or State House, the official residence of the President of Nigeria
 * Government House, Dominica or The State House, the official residence of the President of Dominica

United States

 * Capitol building of a U.S. state; see List of state capitols in the United States
 * Metonym for Governor (United States), chief executive officer of a state or territory
 * Lower house of a state legislature (House of Representatives or House of Delegates); see List of U.S. state legislatures
 * Metonym for the State legislature (United States), the legislative body of a state

Other uses

 * State House (train), an American passenger train
 * State housing, the government-owned public housing system in New Zealand

title: Statehouse