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Halloween II (1981 film)

Halloween II is a 1981 American slasher film directed by Rick Rosenthal, in his directorial debut, written and produced by John Carpenter and Debra Hill, and starring Jamie Lee Curtis and Donald Pleasence, who reprise their respective roles as Laurie Strode and Dr. Sam Loomis. It is the second installment in the Halloween film series and is a continuation sequel to Halloween (1978). The plot picks up directly after the cliffhanger ending of the first film, with Michael Myers following survivor Laurie Strode to the local hospital, while his psychiatrist Dr. Loomis continues his pursuit of him.

Though Carpenter directed a good portion of the film and wrote the screenplay to the sequel, Carpenter realistically could not direct the entire film in time due to directing his other film in that timeframe, appointing the direction to Rosenthal. Filming took place in the spring of 1981, primarily at Morningside Hospital in Los Angeles, California, on a budget of $2.5 million. Stylistically, Halloween II reproduces certain key elements that made the original Halloween a success, such as first-person camera perspectives, and was intended (at the time) to finish the story of Michael Myers and Laurie Strode. It also introduces the plot twist of Laurie Strode being the sister of Michael Myers, an element that would form the narrative arc of the series in subsequent films after Halloween II—including Rob Zombie's remake and its sequel—but was dropped from the current series' canon from the 2018 film onwards.

Halloween II was distributed by Universal Pictures, and premiered in the United States on October 30, 1981. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $25 million domestically. A sequel with an unrelated story, titled Halloween III: Season of the Witch, was released in 1982. A direct sequel, Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers, was released in 1988. Another direct sequel, Halloween H20: 20 Years Later, was released in 1998, which acknowledges only the first two films.

Plot
On October 31, 1978, Michael Myers is shot by his psychiatrist Dr. Sam Loomis and falls off a balcony. He survives his wounds and escapes into the night. Wandering the alleys, he steals a kitchen knife from an elderly couple and kills the teenage girl next door. Meanwhile, Laurie Strode, who narrowly avoided being killed that night, is taken to Haddonfield Memorial Hospital while Loomis continues his pursuit of Michael, accompanied by Sheriff Leigh Brackett. Loomis mistakes teenager Ben Tramer for Michael due to Ben wearing a similar mask, resulting in Ben being hit by a police car and burning to death. The bodies of Annie Brackett, Lynda Van der Klok and Bob Simms are discovered by the police at residence of the Wallace. Upon learning his daughter has been killed by Michael, Sheriff Brackett blames Loomis and abandons the search, leaving Deputy Gary Hunt to take his place.

At the hospital, paramedic Jimmy develops an attraction to Laurie, but head nurse Virginia Alves limits the time he spends with her. After hearing a newsflash revealing Laurie's location, Michael makes his way to the hospital, where he cuts the phone lines and disables all the cars in the parking lot by slashing all the cars’ tires so no one can escape and call for help. Wandering the halls in search of Laurie, he kills the security guard, the doctor, paramedic, and several nurses throughout the night. In her hospital room, Laurie dreams about the time she learned she was adopted, and remembers she once visited a young Michael at the sanitarium. Jimmy and nurse Jill Franco grow increasingly concerned when they discover that more and more staff have gone missing throughout the night and search the hospital for Laurie, who is trying to evade Michael. As nurse Jill Franco tries to start the car to drive to the sheriff’s department, it fails to start and she sees that all the car’s tires in the parking lot have been slashed.

After finding Mrs. Alves dead, strapped to a gurney with an empty IV needle in her arm draining all of her blood out of her body, Jimmy turns to run to go for help but he slips in a pool of her blood and knocks himself unconscious, giving himself a concussion. Meanwhile, police are informed that Michael broke into the local elementary school earlier. Loomis rides with them. His colleague Marion Chambers arrives to escort him back to Smith's Grove on the governor's orders and under the enforcement of a US Marshal. On the way, she tells him that Laurie is Michael's younger sister; she was put up for adoption after the death of Michael's parents, with the records sealed to protect the family.

Realizing that Michael is after Laurie and being told she was brought to Haddonfield Memorial Hospital, Loomis forces the marshal at gunpoint to drive back to Haddonfield. Jill finally finds Laurie, only to be killed by Michael, who then pursues Laurie through the hospital. She manages to escape to the parking lot and hides in a car. Jimmy regains consciousness and soon arrives and tries to start and drive the car to safety, but passes out again due to the concussion sustained from the slip and fall causing the horn to blare, attracting Michael's attention. Loomis, Marion, and the marshal reach the hospital just in time to save Laurie. Loomis shoots Michael until he falls down, seemingly dead. While Marion calls the police on the marshal's radio, the marshal tries to check Michael's pulse as Loomis warns him to stay away, knowing he isn't dead. Michael revives and slits the marshal's throat with a scalpel.

Loomis and Laurie run into an operating room, where he gives her the marshal's gun before being stabbed by Michael. Laurie shoots Michael in both eyes, blinding him. As he swings the scalpel around the space violently, the two fill the room with flammable gas. Loomis orders Laurie to get out before igniting the gas, immolating himself and Michael in an explosion. Laurie watches as Michael, engulfed in flames, emerges from the fire before finally collapsing. The next morning, she is transferred to another hospital, traumatized but alive.

Cast

 * Jamie Lee Curtis as Laurie Strode
 * Nichole Drucker as Young Laurie Strode
 * Donald Pleasence as Dr. Sam Loomis
 * Charles Cyphers as Sheriff Leigh Brackett
 * Lance Guest as Jimmy
 * Pamela Susan Shoop as Nurse Karen Bailey
 * Hunter von Leer as Deputy Gary Hunt
 * Tawny Moyer as Nurse Jill Franco
 * Ana Alicia as Nurse Assistant Janet Marshall
 * Nancy Stephens as Marion Chambers
 * Dick Warlock as Michael Myers / The Shape / Patrolman #3
 * Adam Gunn as Young Michael Myers
 * Nick Castle and Tony Moran as Michael Myers (archive footage)
 * Gloria Gifford as Head Nurse Virginia Alves
 * Leo Rossi as Budd Scarlotti
 * Ford Rainey as Dr. Frederick Mixter
 * Jeffrey Kramer as Graham
 * Cliff Emmich as Bernard Garrett
 * John Zenda as Marshall Terrence Gummell
 * Anne Bruner as Alice Martin
 * Lucille Benson as Mrs Elrod
 * Catherine Bergstrom as Debra Lane
 * Anne-Marie Martin as Darcy
 * Dana Carvey as Barry McNichol
 * Billy Warlock as Craig Levant
 * Alan Haufrect as Reporter (Robert Mundy)
 * Nancy Loomis as Annie Brackett (corpse cameo)
 * Kyle Richards as Lindsey Wallace (archive footage)
 * Brian Andrews as Tommy Doyle (archive footage)
 * Jonathan Prince as Randy Lohnner
 * Jack Verbois as Ben Tramer

Development
Carpenter and Hill, the writers of the first Halloween, had originally considered setting the sequel a few years after the events of Halloween. They planned to have Myers track Laurie Strode to her new home in a high-rise apartment building. However, the setting was later changed to Haddonfield Hospital in script meetings. Tommy Lee Wallace, who served on the crew of the original film, stated that "no one thought of sequels" over the prospect of a sequel, but producer Irwin Yablans was eager to make a second film. When Yablans approached them about the project, Carpenter and Hill were in the midst of developing The Fog (1980). According to Yablans, he had planned to produce The Fog, but that Robert Rehme intervened and acquired production rights with his company, Embassy Pictures as part of a two-picture deal with Hill and Carpenter. A lawsuit between Yablans and Rehme ensued, after which it was determined that Embassy would retain rights to The Fog, while Yablans's Compass International Pictures would be guaranteed production rights for Halloween II.

The sequel was intended to conclude the story of Michael Myers and Laurie Strode. The third film, Halloween III: Season of the Witch, released a year later, contained a plot that deviated wholly from that of the first two films. Wallace, who went on to direct Halloween III, stated, "It is our intention to create an anthology out of the series, sort of along the lines of Night Gallery, or The Twilight Zone, only on a much larger scale, of course." When asked, in a 1982 interview, what happened to Myers and Loomis, Carpenter flatly answered, "The Shape is dead. Pleasence's character is dead, too, unfortunately." This would later be retconned and both Michael and Loomis would return for multiple later installments.

Writing
The screenplay of Halloween II was written by Carpenter and Hill. Carpenter described that his writing of the screenplay "mainly dealt with a lot of beer, sitting in front of a typewriter saying 'What the fuck am I doing? I don't know.'" In a 1981 interview with Fangoria magazine, Hill mentions the finished film differs somewhat from initial drafts of the screenplay. Upon receiving the script, Yablans was disappointed as he felt it was "pedestrian and predictable." The plot twist of Laurie being Michael's sister was initially never planned by Carpenter or Hill, but was conceived, according to Carpenter, "purely as a function of having decided to become involved in the sequel to the movie where I didn't think there was really much of a story left." He would later refer to this plotline as "silly" and "foolish," though it would go on to shape the narrative arc of the series in the subsequent films. It was retconned in Halloween, the 2018 rebooted sequel of the franchise, when Laurie's granddaughter Allyson (Andi Matichak) dismisses the idea that Laurie and Michael are siblings as "just something people made up." Screenwriter Danny McBride felt that Michael Myers would be scarier if he had no motive for killing people.

Film critic Roger Ebert, who praised the first film, notes that the plot of the sequel was rather simple: "The plot of Halloween II absolutely depends, of course, on our old friend the Idiot Plot, which requires that everyone in the movie behave at all times like an idiot. That's necessary because if anyone were to use common sense, the problem would be solved and the movie would be over." Hill rebuffed such critiques by arguing that "in a thriller film, what a character says is often irrelevant, especially in those sequences where the objective is to build up suspense."

Historian Nicholas Rogers suggests that a portion of the film seems to have drawn inspiration from the "contemporary controversies surrounding the holiday itself." He points specifically to the scene in the film when a young boy in a pirate costume arrives at Haddonfield Memorial Hospital with a razor blade lodged in his mouth, a reference to the urban legend of tainted Halloween candy. According to Rogers, "The Halloween films opened in the wake of the billowing stories about Halloween sadism and clearly traded on the uncertainties surrounding trick-or-treating and the general safety of the festival."

Casting
The main cast of Halloween reprised their roles in the sequel with the exception of Nick Castle, who had played the adult Michael Myers in the original. Veteran English actor Donald Pleasence continued the role of Dr. Sam Loomis, who had been Myers' psychiatrist for the past 15 years while Myers was institutionalized at Smith's Grove Sanitarium. Curtis (then 22), again played the teenage babysitter Laurie Strode, revealed in this film as the younger sister of Myers. Curtis required a wig for the role of long-haired Laurie Strode, as she had her own hair cut shorter at the time. Charles Cyphers reprised the role of Sheriff Leigh Brackett, though his character disappears from the film when the corpse of his daughter Annie (Nancy Loomis) is discovered. Nancy Loomis appears as Annie in a cameo role as her father, Sheriff Brackett, closes her eyes as her corpse is being taken out of the house in a stretcher. Actor Hunter von Leer heads the manhunt for Myers in the role of Deputy Gary Hunt. He admitted in an interview that he had never watched Halloween before being cast in the part. He stated, "I did not see the original first but being from a small town, I wanted the Deputy to have compassion." Nancy Stephens, who played Loomis's nurse colleague Marion Chambers in the original, also reprised the character and was given a more important role, revealing to Loomis the family connection between Laurie and Michael.

Stunt performer Dick Warlock played Michael Myers (as in Halloween, listed as "The Shape" in the credits), replacing Castle who was beginning a career as a director. Warlock's previous experience in film was as a stunt double in films, such as The Green Berets (1968) and Jaws (1975), and the 1974 television series Kolchak: The Night Stalker. In an interview, Warlock explained how he prepared for the role since Myers received far more screen time in the sequel than the original. Warlock said:

"[I watched the scenes] where Laurie is huddled in the closet. Michael breaks through. She grabs a hanger and thrusts it up and into his eyes. Michael falls down and Laurie walks to the bedroom doorway and sits down. In the background, we see Michael sit up and turn towards her to the beat of the music. ... Anyway, that and the head tilt were the things I carried with me into Halloween II. I didn't really see that much more to hang my hat on in the first film."

Warlock also claims that the mask he wore was the same one Nick Castle used in the first film. Hill confirmed this in an interview.

The supporting cast consisted of relatively unknown actors and actresses, except for Jeffrey Kramer and Ford Rainey. Most of the cast previously or later appeared in films or television series by Universal Studios (the distributor for this film). Kramer was previously cast in a supporting role as Deputy Jeff Hendricks in Jaws and Jaws 2 (1978). In Halloween II, Kramer played Dr. Graham, a dentist who examines the charred remains of Ben Tramer. Rainey was chosen to play Haddonfield Memorial Hospital's drunk resident doctor, Frederick Mixter. A host of character actors were cast as the hospital's staff. Many were acquaintances of director Rosenthal. He told an interviewer, "I'd been studying acting with Milton Katselas at the Beverly Hills Playhouse and I brought many people from the Playhouse into Halloween 2." These included Pamela Susan Shoop, Leo Rossi, Ana Alicia and Gloria Gifford. Rossi played the part of Budd Scarlotti, a hypersexual EMS driver; Rossi as well as several others, such as Stephens, had been members of an acting class with Rosenthal.

Shoop played Nurse Karen Bailey, who is scalded to death by Myers in the hospital therapy tub. Featured in the only nude scene in the film, Shoop discussed filming the scene, and recalled getting an ear infection: "[The water] was cold and dirty. They were playing it off like the water was boiling, but it was absolutely freezing! Leo [Rossi] and I were so cold, our teeth were chattering.!" Gifford and Alicia played minor supporting roles as head nurse Mrs. Virginia Alves and orderly Janet Marshall. Actor Lance Guest played an EMS driver, Jimmy. The Last Starfighter director Nick Castle stated in an interview, "When I was assigned to the film, Lance Guest was the first name I wrote down on my list for Alex after seeing him in Halloween II." Castle adds, "He possessed all the qualities I wanted the character to express on the screen, a kind of innocence, shyness, yet determination." Future Saturday Night Live and Wayne's World star Dana Carvey also appears briefly in a non-speaking role, wearing a blue baseball cap and receiving instructions from the TV reporter. Carvey originally had a bit of a bigger role, including some speaking scenes, before his scenes ultimately got mostly cut.

Filming
Halloween executive producers Irwin Yablans and Moustapha Akkad invested heavily in the sequel, boasting a much larger budget than its predecessor: $2.5 million (compared to only $320,000 for the original). Italian film producer Dino De Laurentiis assisted in financing the production. There was discussion of filming Halloween II in 3-D; Hill said, "We investigated a number of 3-D processes ... but they were far too expensive for this particular project. Also, most of the projects we do involve a lot of night shooting—evil lurks at night. It's hard to do that in 3-D." Dean Cundey, the director of photography on the first film, reprised his role as cinematographer, opting out of shooting Tobe Hooper's Poltergeist (1982) as he felt a loyalty to Carpenter and Hill.

Halloween II was filmed over a six-week period starting on April 6, 1981 and ending on May 18, 1981. Most of the film was shot at Morningside Hospital in Los Angeles, California, and Pasadena Community Hospital in Pasadena. Rosenthal recalled filming at Pasadena Community Hospital as being extraordinarily difficult due to its proximity to an airport, which disrupted shooting frequently due to incoming airplanes.

Direction
Reluctant to extend his involvement in the film, Carpenter refused to direct and originally approached Tommy Lee Wallace, the art director from the original Halloween, to take the helm. Carpenter told one interviewer: "I had made that film once and I really didn't want to do it again." After Wallace declined, Carpenter chose Rosenthal, a relatively unknown and inexperienced director whose previous credits included episodes of the television series Secrets of Midland Heights (1980–1981). Rosenthal was chosen to direct based on a short film he had made, The Toyer, while a student at the American Film Institute. Debra Hill had also considered directing at one point, but did not want to appear as "just a protégé" of Carpenter.

Stylistically, Rosenthal attempted to recreate the elements and themes of the original film, stating: "conceptually, it's not at all my film. It's a continuation of a John Carpenter and Debra Hill ... film. But in execution, it's my vision." Halloween II opens with a title sequence zooming in on a jack-o'-lantern that splits in half to reveal a human skull, a reference to the original film's title sequence, which featured a similar zoom into the eye of a jack-o'-lantern. The first scene of the film is presented through a first-person camera format in which a voyeuristic Michael Myers enters an elderly couple's home and steals a knife from the kitchen. Rosenthal attempts to reproduce the "jump" scenes present in Halloween, but does not film Myers on the periphery, which is where he appeared in many of the scenes of the original. Under Rosenthal's direction, Myers is the central feature of a majority of the scenes. Rosenthal also stated that he attempted to replicate the visual elements of the previous film "until we [the audience] get to the hospital ... Once we're in there, I got a certain freedom: long corridors, moody dark lighting, all of that." In an interview with Luke Ford, Rosenthal explains:

"The first movie I ever did [Halloween II] was a sequel, but it was supposed to be a direct continuation. It started one minute after the first movie ended. You have to try hard to maintain the style of the first movie. I wanted it to feel like a two-parter. You have the responsibility and the restraints of the style that's been set. It was the same crew. My philosophy was to do more of a thriller than a slasher movie."

The decision to include more gore and nudity in the sequel was not made by Rosenthal, who contends that it was Carpenter who chose to make the film much bloodier than the original. Wallace explains: "Since the release of Halloween, horror movies had changed. There was inflation involved in terms of violence and gore and what you saw onscreen, to the point that John [Carpenter] felt like he was in a box—he could not do the same thing that Halloween had been doing." According to the film's official website, "Carpenter came in and directed a few sequences to clean up some of Rosenthal's work." One reviewer of the film notes that "Carpenter, concerned that the picture would be deemed too 'tame' by the slasher audience, re-filmed several death scenes with more gore." When asked about his role in the directing process, Carpenter told an interviewer:

"That's a long, long story. That was a project I got involved in as a result of several different kinds of pressure. I had no influence over the direction of the film. I had an influence in the post-production. I saw a rough cut of Halloween II, and it wasn't scary. It was about as scary as Quincy. So we had to do some post-production work to bring it at least up to par with the competition."

Rosenthal was not pleased with Carpenter's changes. He reportedly complained that Carpenter "ruined [my] carefully paced film." Regardless, many of the graphic scenes contained elements not seen before in film. Roger Ebert claims, "This movie has the first close-up I can remember of a hypodermic needle being inserted into an eyeball." The film is often categorized as a splatter film rather than a slasher film due to the elevated level of gore.

Music
Carpenter composed and performed the score with Alan Howarth, who had previously been involved in Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979), and worked with Carpenter on several projects including Escape from New York (1981), Halloween III: Season of the Witch (1982), Christine (1983), and Prince of Darkness (1987). The film's score was a variation of Carpenter compositions from Halloween, particularly the main theme's familiar piano melody played in a compound 5/4 time rhythm. The score was performed on a synthesizer organ rather as well as a piano. One reviewer for the BBC described the revised score as having "a more eerie, gothic feel."

The film featured the song "Mr. Sandman" performed by The Chordettes, which would later be featured in the opening scenes of Halloween H20: 20 Years Later. Reviewers commented on the decision to include this song in the film, calling the selection "interesting" and "not a song you would associate with a film like this." The song worked well to "mimic Laurie's situation (sleeping a lot), [making] the once innocent sounding lyrics seem threatening in a horror film." Another critic saw the inclusion of the song as "inappropriate" and asked, "What was that about?"

Post-production
The film was principally edited by Mark Goldblatt. Skip Schoolnik, an editor who had simultaneously been commissioned to edit the television cut for the original Halloween, was invited by Carpenter and Hill to view the cut of Halloween II at the time. Schoolnik and Carpenter spent a weekend editing Goldblatt's cut of the film, ultimately excising around 14 minutes. During this editing process, Carpenter realized that an unresolved plot hole was present: It was unclear as to how Michael Myers was able to track Laurie to the hospital. To resolve this, Carpenter shot a sequence featuring a young boy walking on the street with a portable radio playing a news broadcast concerning the murders and Laurie's whereabouts; as the boy walks along, he accidentally bumps into Michael, and resumes walking. According to Warlock, Carpenter also shot the close-up footage of Michael's burning body shown at the film's conclusion, as well as the murder sequence of Anne Bruner, a teenage girl who is killed by Michael early in the film.

Release
The theatrical distribution rights to Halloween II were sold to Universal Pictures. To advertise Halloween II, Universal printed a poster that featured a skull superimposed onto a pumpkin. Universal released the film on October 30, 1981 in the United States on 1,211 screens. Internationally, Halloween II was released throughout Europe, but it was banned in West Germany from December 1990 until January 2024 and Iceland due to the graphic violence and nudity; a later 1986 release on home video was banned in Norway. The film was shown in Canada, Australia, the Philippines, and Japan.

Television cut
An alternate version of Halloween II (sometimes referred to as 'The Television Cut') has aired on network television since the early 1980s, with most of the graphic violence and blood edited out and many minor additional scenes added, while others are removed. This cut of the film was released in 2012 by Scream Factory on their Collector's Edition Blu-ray disc, and again in 2014 as a standalone DVD accompanying the "Complete Collection" Deluxe Edition Blu-ray set, which features entire series.

The television cut runs approximately 92 minutes, roughly one minute less than the theatrical version. There are also many edits. The murder of Dr. Mixter is presumed to still happen, but remains off camera; as does Janet's, although dialogue indicates she might have also gone home at the end of her shift instead of being killed. The scene where Michael stalks Alice is recut to imply that he attacks and kills her neighbor Mrs. Elrod instead. Jimmy's discovery of Mrs. Alves dead and his subsequent slipping in the pool of blood has been significantly shortened (or removed altogether in some prints) and moved just prior to the explosion which kills Myers and Loomis. Jill's stabbing is less graphic, and a moan from the ground implies she might have survived it. Also added are scenes of Michael cutting the power (this explains the dark setting throughout the latter half of the film) and a power generator kicking in. There is also extra dialogue between Laurie and Jimmy, Laurie and Mrs. Alves, Janet and Karen, Karen and Mr. Garrett, Bud and Karen, Jill and Jimmy, etc. Another notable difference is the killing of the marshal. In the theatrical version his throat is slit, while in the TV version it is softened, with Michael grabbing him and stabbing him from behind (with no detail shown). While the theatrical version ends with the deaths of Michael Myers and Dr. Loomis and leaves the audience in a gray area as to whether Jimmy survives, the television cut features an extended ending showing Jimmy alive (with a bandaged head wound from his slip) in the ambulance with Laurie Strode. They hold hands and Laurie says, "We made it."

Home media
Halloween II was first released on VHS, Capacitance Electronic Disc, and LaserDisc in 1982 by MCA/Universal Home Video and later by Goodtimes Home Video. In 1998, Goodtimes released the film on DVD in a non-anamorphic version. Three years later, on September 18, 2001, Universal Home Video released an anamorphic widescreen DVD.

The film received its first North American Blu-ray released on September 13, 2011, through Universal, packaged as a 30th Anniversary Edition. This release sparked controversy immediately due to the fact that Universal removed the credit "Moustapha Akkad Presents" and replaced it with "Universal, An MCA Company, Presents"... in a font that did not match the rest of the opening credits. Akkad's son, Malek, called the stunt "disgusting. It's a disgrace ... objectively, any horror fan would find this as an insult to the man who has done so much to the series. And to come after his tragic death, he's not even around to defend himself. It's classless. I'm talking to Universal now and they're 'looking into it. However, Akkad was still credited on the packaging. Fans immediately called for a boycott of the disc and set up a Facebook page. On November 28, Universal began sending out emails announcing that the revised Blu-ray was now available and for owners of the previous disc to provide the studio with their "address and daytime phone number" to receive replacements.

Scream Factory, a subsidiary of Shout! Factory, re-released the film in a 2-disc Collector's Edition Blu-ray on September 18, 2012, with new special features, including two audio commentaries, two "behind-the-scenes" featurettes, deleted scenes, an alternate ending, the theatrical trailer, TV and radio spots, and a still gallery. The Collector's Edition also contains the television cut, along with a downloadable script of the film. This Blu-ray release restores the Akkad credit. The Scream Factory Blu-ray was repackaged and re-released in 2014 as part of the company's "Complete Collection," which features the entire film series.

In October 2021, Scream Factory released Halloween II on 4K Ultra HD. The film was scanned from the original camera negative, and the transfer was approved by cinematographer Dean Cundey. Audio options include a new Dolby Atmos mix as well as the previous DTS-HD 5.1 mix and the film's original two channel mix presented in DTS-HD 2.0. The included Blu-ray also features the new 4k scan and Atmos mix. A third DVD also includes the TV cut that was available in Scream Factory's previous collector's editions.

Merchandising
Trick or Treat Studios has released a series of officially licensed Halloween II masks, costumes, and props from Universal Studios, beginning in October 2012. Some of these include the Halloween II Michael Myers mask, Halloween II Michael Myers mask with blood tears, Michael Myers props, and Michael Myers' coveralls. In 2023, an officially licensed tabletop board game based on the film, produced by Stop the Killer and Fright-Rags, was announced.

Novelization
An adaptation of the screenplay was printed as a mass market paperback in 1981 by horror and science-fiction writer Dennis Etchison under the pseudonym Jack Martin. Etchison's novelization was distributed by Kensington Books and became a bestseller. It also features captioned black and white stills from the film at the beginning of each chapter.

Box office
The film grossed $7,446,508 on its opening weekend, ranking number one at the box office, and ultimately went on to gross $25,533,818; the film sold approximately 9,184,827 tickets during its initial theatrical domestic run, less than half the tickets sold by its 1978 predecessor but still ranking fourth overall in the Halloween franchise's sales. While the gross earnings of the sequel paled in comparison to the original's $47 million, it was a success in its own right, exceeding the earnings of other films of the same genre released in 1981: Graduation Day ($23.9 million), Friday the 13th Part 2 ($21.7 million), Omen III: The Final Conflict ($20.4 million) and The Howling ($18 million). Halloween II was a box office success, becoming the second-highest grossing horror film of 1981 behind An American Werewolf in London ($30.5 million).

Critical response
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 33% based on 48 reviews and a weighted average rating of 4.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Halloween II picks up where its predecessor left off - and quickly wanders into a dead end that the franchise would spend decades struggling to find its way out of." On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 40 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Several critics were unwelcoming to the film's ramped-up violence, including Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times, who lambasted the film for its "reprehensible content," summarizing that "Halloween II, as a reprise, simply piles up a greater number of corpses." Roman Cooney of the Calgary Herald noted that while the film is "not the bloodbath other movies of its ilk have been, several of the murder scenes are so painfully gruesome as to be tasteless and more than merely distressing," and added that the plot is "convenient rather than complex, relying on a cast of characterless individuals like so many dominoes waiting to be toppled." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times echoed similar sentiments, writing that Halloween II represented "a fall from greatness" that "doesn't even attempt to do justice to the original." He also commented: "Instead, it tries to outdo all the other violent Halloween rip-offs of the last several years." The Arizona Republic's Michael Maza assessed the film as continuing part of the prominent slasher trend, noting that Carpenter and Hill appear to be "picking up a few tricks from their imitators (most notably Friday the 13th)."

Janet Maslin of The New York Times instead compared the film to other horror sequels and recently released slasher films of the period, rather than to its predecessor: "By the standards of most recent horror films, this—like its predecessor—is a class act." She notes that there "is some variety to the crimes, as there is to the characters, and an audience is more likely to do more screaming at suspenseful moments than at scary ones." Maslin applauded the performance of the cast and Rosenthal, and concluded: "That may not be much to ask of a horror film, but it's more than many of them offer."

David Pirie's review in Time Out gave Halloween II positive marks, stating: "Rosenthal is no Carpenter, but he makes a fair job of emulating the latter's visual style in this sequel." He wrote that the Myers character had evolved since the first film to become "an agent of Absolute Evil." Film historian Jim Harper suggests: "Time has been a little fairer to the film" than original critics. In retrospect, "many critics have come to recognise that it's considerably better than the slew of imitation slashers that swamped the genre in the eighties."

Like the original Halloween, this and other slasher films have come under fire from feminist critics. According to historian Nicholas Rogers, academic critics "have seen the slasher movies since Halloween as debasing women in as decisive a manner as hardcore pornography."

In 1982, the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA, nominated the film for two Saturn Awards: Best Horror Film and Best Actor for Pleasence. The film lost to An American Werewolf in London (1981) and Harrison Ford was chosen over Pleasence for his role in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), respectively.

Carpenter later said that he considered the film's twist that Laurie and Michael were siblings to be a bad idea and that he only came up with it because he was drunk and looking for more material to include in the NBC television cut of the first film. Quentin Tarantino criticized Halloween II and every sequel that followed in its continuity for the same reason, calling it "fruit from a poison tree because Laurie is not the sister of the Shape."

"Halloween II murders"
An incident with minor connections to the film heightened attitudes about the potent effects of media violence on young people. On December 7, 1982, Richard Delmer Boyer of El Monte, California, murdered Francis and Eileen Harbitz, an elderly couple in Fullerton, California, leading to the trial People v. Boyer (1989). The couple were stabbed 43 times by Boyer. According to the trial transcript, Boyer's defense was that he suffered from hallucinations in the Harbitz residence brought on by "the movie Halloween II, which defendant had seen under the influence of PCP, marijuana, and alcohol." The film was played for the jury, and a psychopharmacologist "pointed out various similarities between its scenes and the visions defendant described." Boyer was found guilty and sentenced to death. The incident became known as the "Halloween II Murders" and was featured in a short segment on TNT's MonsterVision, hosted by film critic Joe Bob Briggs. Following the trial, moral critics came to the defense of horror films and rejected calls to ban them. Thomas M. Sipos, for instance, stated,

"It would be silly, after all, to ban horror films just because Boyer claims to have thought that he was reenacting Halloween II, or to ban cars because Texas housewife Clara Harris intentionally ran down and killed her husband. Nor does it make sense to ban otherwise useful items such as drugs or guns just because some individuals misuse them."

title: Halloween II (1981 film)


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KXOL-FM

KXOL-FM (96.3 MHz "Mega 96.3") is a commercial radio station in Los Angeles, California. It is owned by the Spanish Broadcasting System and airs a Spanish CHR radio format. KXOL-FM's studios and offices are on West Pico Boulevard. The transmitter is located in the Verdugo Mountains, near Glendale, California. KXOL-FM is also heard on a 14-watt booster station in Santa Clarita, KXOL-FM-1 at 96.3 MHz.

Early years
The station first signed on as KRKD-FM, owned by Radio Broadcasters, Incorporated. It was the FM sister station to AM 1150 KRKD (now KEIB). Continental Telecasting Corporation bought the station in 1955, followed by Trans American Broadcasting Corporation in 1959. Two years later, Trans American sold the station to the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel as part of the consolidation of KRKD and its time share partner, KFSG, which both took turns broadcasting on 1150 kHz. Both the AM and FM stations aired a Christian radio format.

Foursquare Gospel Church
In the late 1960s, KRKD AM and FM were partially simulcast, but KRKD-FM broke occasionally for theatrical performances and opera. In 1970, Foursquare sold off the AM station and moved the KFSG call sign (meaning "Foursquare Gospel") to the FM station on June 8 of that year. KFSG aired Southern Gospel music along with religious programming produced by the church along with syndicated staples like "Focus on the Family," "Joni and Friends," "Insight for Living" and "In Touch Ministries." The station's schedule was about 50% music and 50% teaching programs.

For years, the station played traditional Christian music with Christian contemporary music heard for only a few hours a week on Saturday. But by 1981, KFSG began to mix in softer contemporary Christian songs into the format. By 1987 KFSG was a Christian adult contemporary station playing such artists as Twila Paris, Steven Curtis Chapman, Amy Grant, David Meece, Randy Stonehill, PFR and White Heart.

Sale to SBS
After fifty years of owning KFSG, the Foursquare Church sold the station in 2003 to the Spanish Broadcasting System. It was a $250 million sale. On April 30, 2001, KFSG moved its programming and call sign to FM 93.5 in Redondo Beach (now KDAY), but dropped the music and went with all-religious talk programming full-time. SBS owned the station at 93.5 and leased it to Foursquare as part of its purchase of the more powerful 96.3 frequency. (93.5 operated at 6,000 watts while 96.3 ran 54,000 watts.) In 2003, the 93.5 lease ended and SBS regained control of the station, ending Foursquare's run in Southern California radio.

On May 9, 2001, SBS flipped 96.3 a Spanish AC format, changing the call letters to KXOL-FM. The station became El Sol 96.3 ("The Sun 96.3") with Sylvia Villagran as the first woman to host a morning radio show in Los Angeles. According to Arbitron between 2001 and 2004, the show garnered high ratings, consistently placing it among the top three morning shows in Los Angeles. '"El Sol" was one of two Spanish AC radio stations in Los Angeles until May 2005, when its format change left KLVE as the only station in L.A. airing a softer adult Latin format.

Lawsuit with Emmis Communications
In 2005, SBS decided to drop KXOL's Spanish adult contemporary format for hurban (Spanish urban contemporary). The abrupt switch violated a transmitter lease agreement that SBS, had with Emmis Communications, the owner of KXOL's transmitter site. The agreement required formal notification to Emmis of any change in KXOL's format and expressly prohibited the station from programming to directly compete with Emmis' English-language Rhythmic outlet KPWR. SBS switched formats anyway, and Emmis filed a lawsuit to force SBS to either drop the format or find a new transmitter. SBS announced that KXOL would move to another transmitter site a month later, and both parties settled the dispute.

Latino 96.3 and LA 96.3
KXOL had success as a Latin Urban outlet, partly due to KXOL snatching some of (the now-defunct) KKBT and KPWR's Hispanic listeners. Around 2010, it had begun to tilt its direction towards Latin Hip-Hop as "Latino 96.3," but still remain within the urban arena. By May 2012, KXOL dropped the "Latino 96.3" moniker and replaced it with the newer but shortened "LA 96.3." KXOL began using the slogan "L.A.'s Party Station." The playlist has also shifted further towards a conventional Rhythmic direction except for a handful of urban tracks. By late 2012, the station rebranded back to "Latino 96.3" with a blend of Spanish and English rhythmic hits.

Mega 96.3
On May 16, 2014, at 2 p.m., KXOL changed formats to Spanish AC as Mega 96.3 to compete with KLVE K-Love 107.5. By November 2014, KXOL switched to a Spanish CHR format, still calling itself "Mega 96.3" while returning to the slogan "LA's Party Station."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: KXOL-FM


text:
NK Iskra Bugojno

NK Iskra, commonly known as Iskra Bugojno or just Iskra (meaning "spark" in Bosnian) is a professional association football club from the town of Bugojno that is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. Iskra plays its home matches on the Jaklić Stadium which has a capacity of 12,000 seats.

History
Founded in 1946, the club spent most of its history playing in lower Yugoslav divisions. Its greatest success in the Yugoslav period was winning the 1983–84 Yugoslav Second League West division, and participating in the 1984–85 Yugoslav First League, their only top level season during that period. Although they were immediately relegated in the 1984–85 season, they won the 1985 Mitropa Cup.

After the breakup of Yugoslavia, Iskra played several seasons in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but since the 2018–19 season, the club has been playing in the Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Group West), one of two third-tier divisions in the country.

League

 * Yugoslav Second League:
 * Winners (1): 1983–84 (west)
 * Second League of Bosnia and Herzegovina:
 * Winners (1): 1997–98 (south)
 * Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina:
 * Winners (2): 2006–07 (west), 2016–17 (west)

European

 * Mitropa Cup:
 * Winners (1): 1984–85

Club seasons
Sources:

Historical list of coaches

 * Blagoje Bratić
 * Nedeljko Gojković
 * Milan Ribar
 * Rajko Rašević (1980–1983)
 * Franjo Džidić (1988–1990)
 * 🇧🇦 Boris Bračulj
 * Mesud Duraković
 * 🇧🇦 Nedžad Selimović (2011–2012)
 * 🇧🇦 Salem Duraković (2012)
 * 🇧🇦 Ibrahim Zukanović (2012–2013)
 * 🇧🇦 Salem Duraković (2013)
 * Mesud Duraković (2013)
 * 🇧🇦 Sead Seferović (19 Jul 2013–2014)
 * 🇧🇦 Šener Bajramović (2014)
 * 🇧🇦 Sead Seferović (2014–2016)
 * 🇧🇦 Senid Kulaš (2017)
 * 🇧🇦 Salem Duraković (25 Sep 2017–2018)
 * 🇧🇦 Adis Obad (9 Apr 2018-2018)
 * 🇧🇦 Safet Kmetaš (2018–2019)

title: NK Iskra Bugojno


text:
Joe Cribbs

Joe Stanier Cribbs (born January 5, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) and United States Football League (USFL). He played college football at Auburn University along with future NFL backs William Andrews and James Brooks. He began his professional career in 1980 with the Buffalo Bills.

After being drafted in the second round of the 1980 NFL Draft, Cribbs went on to start all 16 games of his rookie year with Buffalo, finishing with 1185 rushing yards and 11 touchdowns. His performance earned him consensus UPI AFC Rookie of the Year honors and a spot in the Pro Bowl, the only rookie chosen as a starter that year. In five seasons with the team, split around a detour with the USFL, Cribbs had 13 100-yard games and ran for 1,000 yards in a season three times.

In the spring of 1984, Cribbs left the Bills in a contract dispute and signed on as a member of the Birmingham Stallions of the United States Football League (USFL).

Cribbs was to serve as the president of Team Alabama of the AAFL, which suspended operations shortly before it was slated to play its first games. Almost immediately, Cribbs was named commissioner of the United National Gridiron League, which likewise failed ever to play a game.

College career
Joe Cribbs played college football at Auburn. He played his first college football game in 1976, and when the season was over, he had 171 yards on 43 rushing attempts. He got more playing time in 1977, with 872 yards on 161 rushing attempts. He scored four touchdowns as a rusher. He also caught six passes for 51 yards.

1978 was the breakout year. Cribbs rushed for 1,205 yards in 253 attempts, scoring 16 touchdowns, and averaging well over hundred yards a game. He was a threat out of the backfield as well, catching right passes. He was also used on gadget plays as well. Cribbs passed the ball four times, completing three passes for 74 yards.

In 1979, Cribbs final season at Auburn, Cribbs had 200 rushing attempts for 1,120 yards, and scored 14 touchdowns rushing

Buffalo Bills career and lawsuit
Cribbs was an immediate success playing for the NFL team which drafted him, the Buffalo Bills, and was named the American Football Conference Rookie of the Year for the 1980 season and as a starter in the Pro Bowl. On September 7, 1980, Cribbs contributed 131 combined yards of offense as the Bills would snap a 20-game losing streak versus the Dolphins, winning in a 17-7 final. He also played very well in each of the two subsequent seasons and was named to the Pro Bowl again following each. When the NFL played an abbreviated 9 game schedule due to the strike-shortened season in 1982, Cribbs was only able to play in 7 games but nonetheless led the league with 90.4 rushing yards per game. Cribbs was not exactly happy in Buffalo, however, as he especially disliked playing in their infamous cold-weather home games. With one year left on his contract with the Bills, Cribbs signed a contract with the Birmingham Stallions of the USFL. In the summer of 1983, Cribbs officially inked a contract with Birmingham worth $3.5 million.

However, the Bills challenged the contract, citing that they had first right of refusal. This clause had been in Cribbs' original contract with the Buffalo Bills. This was placed in the contract in order to protect Buffalo in case there was no collective bargaining agreement and to prevent another NFL team from signing Cribbs in that event. However, obviously there was no mention of a prohibition of any team from the USFL signing Cribbs, as that league was yet to be formed when Cribbs signed his contract with the Bills.

The trial was held in Buffalo, and one of the people testifying for the Bills was head coach Kay Stephenson, who stated that Joe Cribbs was irreplaceable in the Bills lineup. Federal Judge John T. Elfvin heard the case. While the trial was going on, Cribbs continued to work out with the Stallions. When the verdict came down, Judge Elfvin ruled in favor of Cribbs, allowing him to play for the Birmingham Stallions.

USFL and contract dispute in Birmingham
Herschel Walker made the jump from college football to the USFL, becoming the league's highest paid player at $6 million over four years. This played a factor in Joe Cribbs walking out of his contract with the Birmingham Stallions. Cribbs had signed a deal in 1983 worth $2.6 million dollars to play for Birmingham, and still five years left on the contract. At the time of his walkout, Cribbs was leading the USFL in rushing.

Later career
Cribbs was a fairly major star with the Stallions; however, the USFL folded after its 1985 season and Cribbs then returned to play in the NFL. Cribbs played for the San Francisco 49ers in the 1986 and 1987 seasons. He then divided the 1988 season between the Indianapolis Colts and the Miami Dolphins prior to his retirement. During this return stint in the NFL, Cribbs never came truly close to the level of consistency which had put him into three consecutive Pro Bowls early in the decade.

title: Joe Cribbs


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Darkstars

The first Darkstars were a group of intergalactic policemen that appeared in comic books published by DC Comics. They were introduced in Darkstars #1 (October 1992), and were created by Michael Jan Friedman and Larry Stroman. The series lasted a total of 39 issues, ending with issue #38 (Jan. 1996), with an issue #0 (Oct. 1994) published between issues #24 and 25 during the Zero Hour crossover event storyline.

The Controllers
The Darkstars were created and run by the Controllers, an offshoot of the Guardians of the Universe. Though their goal was to establish order in the universe, the ancient Maltusian race known as the Controllers were isolationists by nature.

Creation
The Controllers created NEMO, the Network for the Establishment and Maintenance of Order, for the purpose of isolating the troubles of the galaxy away from the Controllers' domain. Over the millennia, the Controllers realized they would have to take a more active stance by attacking chaos at its roots. Despite all the good they did, there were too many NEMO operatives in too many different places. NEMO and the Controllers devised a new plan to ensure order, which resulted in the creation of the Darkstars. The first of these new protectors was named Druu, one of a thousand to carry the name Darkstar.

Expansion
The first Darkstar to arrive on Earth was named Ferrin Colos. He arrived on Earth while tracking the supervillain Evil Star. He was authorised to appoint two humans as his deputies, giving them less powerful versions of the Darkstar uniform.

The Controllers expanded the Darkstar project after the collapse of the Green Lantern Corps Central Power Battery on Oa. The Darkstars would fill the void left by the failure of the Guardians' legions. After the Corps' collapse, many former Green Lanterns served in the Darkstar organization. Former Lantern John Stewart was appointed field leader. Donna Troy also joined their ranks.

Downfall
As time went on, the Controllers expressed concerns about the effectiveness of the Darkstars. More specifically, they were troubled that Darkstar agents were mostly looking after their own agendas rather than those of the Controllers.

They withdrew their support from the Darkstars. This made many of the early Darkstar uniforms useless, as they relied on energy transmitted from the Controllers. The later, self-contained suits were unaffected. Many Darkstars were killed or lost their battlesuits in combat against Grayven, son of Darkseid, on the planet Rann. Grayven also crippled John Stewart, paralyzing him from the waist down. Green Lantern Kyle Rayner ended the battle, but the Darkstars were shattered by the losses. In the end, only four Darkstars remained to help rebuild Ranagar.

Later, the last of the Darkstars (Ferrin Colos, Chaser Bron & Munchuk) gave their lives saving the universe from the energy vampire called Starbreaker. They siphoned off a considerable amount of power from him, which helped save the day, but their suits ruptured and all of them were disintegrated.

Rebirth?
In the 2006 Omega Men and Mystery in Space miniseries, an organization called the Darkstars is active in the Vega system, serving as clergy and missionaries for Lady Styx. It is implied that Styx merely appropriated the old Darkstars' uniforms and equipment and gave them to her minions.

Manhunter
Among the equipment stolen by prosecutor Kate Spencer when she becomes the eighth Manhunter is an exo-mantle which formerly belonged to an unnamed Darkstar. As seen in Manhunter #32 (September 2008), the exo-mantle reacts adversely to a Reach scarab bonded to Blue Beetle Jaime Reyes. It appears as if the Controllers programmed an instinctive hatred of the Reach into all exo-mantles, just like the Guardians of the Universe did with the Power Rings worn by the Green Lantern Corps.

DC Rebirth
The Controllers reveal themselves to be on the brink of extinction, and started kidnapping the Guardians of the Universe in order to use their DNA to create new conditions. By trapping them in a machine, the Controllers mined the Guardians' ancient Maltusian genes and twisted them into their own image, transforming them into Controllers. They are able to add three Guardians of the Universe to their number before being defeated by the Green Lantern Corps. It is also revealed that they possess a new set of Darkstars' exo-mantles which they plan to launch into the universe in order to match the power of the Guardians of the Universe.

It is later revealed that when Batman, Wonder Woman, Hal Jordan, Aquaman and Superman used the tenth metal, which as the ability to create or destroy matter based on its wielders' desires, to defeat Barbatos and rebuilt all the destruction made by him and his Dark Nights, they inadvertently added sublimated desires into the Universe, being the new set of Darkstars' exo-mantles one of the new things forged from their own dark desires.

According to the Controllers, the new set of Darkstars' mantles took decades to perfect, are far more lethal than the previous generation and possess tactical capabilities that surpass those of the Green Lanterns; however, to the Controllers' dismay, they soon discover that the Darkstars' mantles are beyond their control when one activated itself and began searching for a suitable volunteer all the while ignoring the Controllers' orders. Tomar-Tu later reveals to Hal Jordan that the mantles gained consciousness of their own and, after bonding with a suitable volunteer, it trapped all the Controllers in order to use their psionic powers to link all Darkstars' thoughts and use the cosmic energy inside their bodies to fuel their foundry. During the last stand against the Darkstars, Hal Jordan with help from Hammond is able to break the connection between the Controllers and the Darkstars and after using his own willpower, Hal is able to make all Darkstars' mantles malfunction, ending their apparent threat.

Powers and abilities

 * The Controllers' agents, the Darkstars, wore a suit of armor called an "exo-mantle" which granted the wearer incredible power. Strength, speed, and agility could be increased to superhuman levels while a personal forcefield protected against impact and energy weapons. The forcefield could be expanded somewhat to allow the Darkstar to take others into his/her/its protection and was able to absorb kinetic impact as well. With the exo-mantle, one could achieve high speeds during flight, all the while protected from wind friction by the energy shielding.
 * The exo-mantle came equipped with twin maser units capable of firing energy bolts with pinpoint accuracy. Darkstars were often surgically altered to gain instant maser control, rather than the split-second delay in reaction time when wearing the less powerful deputy version of the exo-mantle. Additionally, a powerful, shoulder-mounted cannon complemented the maser system.
 * Though the Darkstars could operate in space, for longer trips they were given a personal space cruiser, affectionately known as a "puddle jumper". In addition, NEMO boasted larger cruisers, capable of transporting a squadron of Darkstars. With the cruisers, the Darkstars could operate at great distances, independent from the Controllers' homeworld. The gap between a Darkstar and a Controller meant that they had to act on their own. Decisions had to be made without any hesitation.

title: Darkstars


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arsebiscuits

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:10, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Arsebiscuits
shite

 * Delete I think that should've speedied.drini ☎ 19:17, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy The article is arsebiscuits. --Xcali 19:39, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Speedy delete as nonsense. -- BD2412 talk 19:40, 2005 Jun 6 (UTC)
 * I've speedied it. Criterion 1: Small article with almost no content or context. Also, possible attack on ITV1 and dic def on top of it. All unsourced. Mgm|(talk) 20:02, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Cyprian Howe

Cyprian Howe (1726–1806) was an American Revolutionary War colonel.

Howe was born in Marlborough, Massachusetts on 29 March 1726. He was a prominent man in the town and ran a pub.

As a captain, he led a company to Cambridge on 19 April 1775. He continued in the service of the war, and in the summer of 1780 led a unit of the Massachusetts militia to Rhode Island to reinforce the Continental Army. He eventually reached the rank of colonel in the militia.

Howe married his first wife, Dorothy, on 29 November 1750. He remarried on 6 February 1766, to Mary Williams. Howe died in 1806.

title: Cyprian Howe


text:
Talk:Cervix

New Merger proposal
I propose that Cockscomb cervix be merged into Cervix. CV9933 (talk) 13:40, 21 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Yeah I think I'd support that. Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 14:29, 21 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Support. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 23:58, 21 August 2018 (UTC)
 * No objections after two weeks - Merge completed. CV9933 (talk) 14:33, 8 September 2018 (UTC)

The Fertility Section
hi, i am reading the fertility section and i am having trouble with its tone. In particular, its use of the term "quality". And the judgement of this said quality seems to derive from sites external to the woman. Moreover, most of the section is not cited. The citation that is given, i.e., 12 the question is directed to the person whose fertility is the topic, that is, the woman, which i discerned only from its title which uses 'your'. But in Wikipedia, this article, the judge is not the woman, but instead an other. As Wikipedia is supposed to be written from a neutral perspective (an impossibility!) this section is obviously not congruent to that Wikipedia policy. Instead, this article places the assessment of the "quality" of that which pertains to woman, to elsewhere, that is, an other than herself. *a cis woman growing a philosopher's beard MichelleGDyason 06:30, 29 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cervix


text:
User talk:Glassjar99

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 19:12, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Equine coat color genetics
You're very welcome. It was extremely educational. Cheers, Her Pegship 05:04, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Bath and spa supply
I have nominated Bath and spa supply, an article you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Bath and spa supply. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. Brougham96 (talk) 01:22, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Hi again. In regards to the above article, I would recommend you take a look at WP:ORG, as it applies to this article, if you haven't already. Nothing personal, but I just don't see it as fufilling notability guidelines. -Brougham96 (talk) 01:53, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Image:Bathandspa sm.png
A tag has been placed on Image:Bathandspa sm.png requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section I5 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is an image which is not under a free license or in the public domain and it has not been used in any article for more than seven days.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on  explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Brougham96 (talk) 14:12, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Glassjar99


text:
Talk:Will Elder

Quotation
Please cite the following: "Through imitation, I found an avenue of expression... if you're going to make an imitation of something, a fascimile, it's gotta be convincing. When you convince people, then you can turn the tables and shock them as a result. Accuracy was part of it. If I could fool people to think that this was the real item, and then suddenly make them realize at the last moment that it wasn't, that in itself is surprisingly funny." Where is the quotation published?Lestrade (talk) 01:57, 20 November 2008 (UTC)Lestrade

External links modified
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title: Talk:Will Elder


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User talk:EmperorCato

A tag has been placed on Antipodean Opaleye Dragon, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a redirect to a nonexistent page. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

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A tag has been placed on Chinese Fireball, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a redirect to a nonexistent page. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

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title: User talk:EmperorCato


text:
User:EmperorCato

I'm from Massachusetts.

title: User:EmperorCato


text:
List of railroad executives

This is a list of railroad executives, defined as those who are presidents and chief executive officers of railroad and railway systems worldwide.

A

 * Abbot, Edwin H. (1834–1927), WC −1890
 * Adams, Charles Francis Jr. (1835–1915), UP 1884–1890
 * Adams, Melvin O. (1847–1920), BRB&L
 * Aikman, Frank Jr., LIRR 1967–1969
 * Allen, Horatio (1802–1889), Erie 1843–1844
 * John W Allen.jpg Allen, John W. (1802–1887), CNR 1834, C&C 1845
 * Allyn, Henry G. Jr., P&LE 1969–1993
 * Alpert, George, NH
 * Altschul, Selig, D&H 1977
 * Ames, Oliver Jr. (1807–1877), UP 1866–1871
 * Anderson, Richard H. (b. 1955), Amtrak 2017–2020
 * Anderson, Samuel J., P&O
 * Anschutz, Philip (born 1939), RG 1984–1988, SP 1988–1996
 * Archbald, James (1793–1870), LSMS 1854–1856
 * Arndt, Otto, DR 1970–1989
 * Ashby, G. F., UP 1946–1949
 * Ashley, James Mitchell (1824–1896), AA
 * Atkinson, Arthur K. (1892–1964), WAB 1947–1960
 * Atterbury, William W. (1866–1935), PRR 1925–1935
 * Augustowski, Tadeusz, PKP −2005

B

 * Baer, George Frederick (1842–1914), RDG 1901–1914
 * Bailey, E. H., UP 1965–1971
 * Baldwin, William H. Jr. (1863–1905), LIRR 1896–1905
 * Bancroft, William Amos (1855–1922), BER 1899–
 * Bandeen, Robert (1930–2010), CN 1974–1982
 * Banfield, Edward (1837–1872), GFS (1865–1872).
 * Barriger, John W., III (1899–1976), Monon 1946–1953, P&LE 1956–1964, MKT 1965–1970, B&M 1973–1974
 * Bauer, Kenneth J., LIRR 2000–2003
 * Beatty, Edward Wentworth (1877–1943), CPR 1918–1943
 * Beckley, Thomas M., SOO 1978–1983
 * Beeching, Richard (1913–1985), BR 1961–1965
 * Belozyorov, Oleg (b. 1969), Russian Railways 2015-present
 * Bennett, James I., P&LE 1877–1881
 * Berdell, Robert H., Erie 1864–1867
 * Bernet, John J. (1868–1935), NKP 1916–1926, Erie 1927–1929, C&O 1929–1932, NKP 1933–1935
 * Bertrand, Charles E., D&H 1977–1978
 * Besener, Willi, DR 1946–1949
 * Beven, John L., IC 1938–1945
 * Biaggini, Benjamin (1916–2005), SP 1964–1983
 * Billings, Frederick H. (1823–1890), NP 1879–1881
 * Blackstone, Timothy B. (1829–1900), CA 1864–1899
 * Blake, Ronald James (b. 1934), KCRC 2006–present
 * Bledsoe, Samuel T. (1868–1939), ATSF 1933–1939
 * Boardman, Joseph H. (1948–2019), Amtrak 2008–2016
 * Boatner, Victor V. (1881–1950), CGW 1929–1931
 * Bolton, John, D&H 1826–1831
 * Bond, Frank S., RDG 1883–
 * Bond, Hiram (1838–1906), TCI 1889–1891
 * Borne, Élisabeth (b. 1961), RATP 2015-2017
 * Bowen, James (1808–1886), Erie 1841–1842
 * Bowman, Hollis, MEC 1863–1864
 * Boyd, Alan Stephenson (1922–2020), IC 1969–1972, Amtrak 1978–1982
 * Brooke, George D., C&O 1933–, PM 1933–, NKP 1935–, VGN
 * Brosnan, D. William (1903–1985), SOU 1962–1967
 * Brown, Revelle W., RDG
 * Bruce, Harry J., IC 1983–1990
 * Bryant, Gridley (1789–1867), Granite Railway
 * Bryant, Robert E., BBRR -present
 * Budd, John M. (1907–1979), CEI 1947–1949, GN 1951–1970, BN 1970–1972
 * Budd, Ralph (1879–1962), GN 1919–1932, CB&Q 1932–1949
 * Buenrostro, Hugo Jiménez, KCSM 2006–present
 * Buford, Algernon S. (1826–1911), R&D 1865–1892
 * Buford, Curtis D., P&LE 1965–1969
 * Burbidge, Fred, CPR 1972–1981
 * Burdakin, John H., GTW
 * Burkhardt, Ed, WC 1987–1999, Railworld 2000–present
 * Burns, John J., Alleghany Corporation
 * Burns, Ron (b. 1953), UP 1996
 * Burt, Horace G. (1849–1913), UP 1898–1904
 * Burtness, Harold W. (1897–1978), CGW 1946–1948
 * Bury, Oliver Robert Hawke (1861–1946), GWR Brazil 1892–1894, GNR 1902–1912, LNER 1912–1945
 * Bush, Benjamin Franklin (1860–1927), WM 1907–1911, MP 1911–1923, D&RG 1912–1915, WP 1913–1915
 * Busiel, Charles Albert (1842–1901), LSR, C&M
 * Butzelaar, Frank, SRY 2008–present

C

 * Cable, Ransom Reed, RI 1883–1898
 * Cahill, Michael Harrison, MKT 1930–1933
 * Calhoun, Patrick (1856–1943), URRSF
 * Calvin, E. E., UP 1916–1918
 * Carpenter, Alvin "Pete" (1942-2019), CSX 1992-1999
 * Carter, George L. (1857–1936), CRR
 * Carter, Thomas S. (1921–2019), KCS 1973–1986
 * Cass, George Washington (1810–1888), O&P 1856, PFW&C 1857–83, NP 1872–75
 * Cassatt, Alexander (1839–1906), PRR 1899–1906
 * Cavanaugh, Dennis Miles, SOO 1983–1986, 1987–1989
 * Celinski, Krzysztof, PKP 2005–present
 * Chapin, Chester W. (1798–1883), B&A 1868–1878
 * Charlick, Oliver, LIRR 1863–1875
 * Chipley, William Dudley (1840–1897), C&R, P&A
 * Christy, Doug, IAIS
 * Clark, Horace F. (1815–1873), UP 1872–1873
 * Clark, John P., NYSW
 * Clark, S.H.H. (1837–1900), UP 1892–1898
 * Clarke, F. B., SP&S 1907–
 * Claytor, Robert B. (1922–1993), N&W 1981–1982, NS 1982–1993
 * Claytor, W. Graham Jr. (1912–1994), SOU 1967–1977, Amtrak 1982–1993
 * Clement, Martin W. (1881–1966), PRR 1935–1948
 * Coe, William R. (1869–1955), VGN
 * Coleman, D'Alton Corry (1879–1956), CPR 1942–1947
 * Coleman, William C. (1901–1976), Monon 1962–1967
 * Coliton, William P., CSS&SB 1961–
 * Colket, Coffin, LIRR 1862–1863
 * Collins, David J., BPRR -present
 * Colnon, Aaron, RI 1942–1947
 * Conti, P. Scott, PW 2005–present
 * Cooke, Jay (1821–1905), NP
 * Coolidge, T. Jefferson (1831–1920), ATSF 1880–1881
 * Corbin, Austin (1827–1896), LIRR 1881–1896
 * Corning, Erastus (1794–1872), U&S 1830s–1853, NYC 1853–1865
 * Côté, Paul (b. 1951), Via 2005–2010
 * Couch, C. P. "Pete" (1890–1955), KCS 1939–1941
 * Couch, Harvey C. (1877–1941), KCS 1939
 * Cowen, John K. (1844–1904), B&O 1896–1901
 * Crane, L. Stanley, SOU 1977–1980
 * Crocker, Charles (1822–1888), CP
 * Crosbie, William, Amtrak (acting) 2008
 * Crump, Norris Ray "Buck" (1904–1989), CPR 1955–1964 and 1966
 * Crush, William, MKT
 * Culver, Andrew, Prospect Park and Coney Island Railroad

D

 * Davidson, Richard K. (b. 1942), UP (president) 1991–1996 (CEO) 1997–2006
 * Davis, Champion McDonald, ACL
 * Davis, James, UTAH 2002–2008
 * Davis, Jerry, CSX 1989–1995, SP 1995–1996, UP 1996–1998
 * deButts, Harry A., SOU 1951–1962
 * deForest, Henry, SP 1925–1932
 * Delatour, H.L., LIRR 1949–1950
 * Denney, Charles E. (1879–1965), Erie 1929–1939, NP 1939–1950
 * Depew, Chauncey M. (1834–1928), NYC 1885–1898
 * Deramus, William N. Jr. (1888–1965), KCS 1941–1961
 * Deramus, William N., III (1915–1989), CGW 1949–1957, MKT 1957–1961, KCS 1961–1973
 * Deramus, William N., IV (b. 1944), KCS 1986–1990
 * Dermody, James J., LIRR 2003–2006
 * Dickinson, Jacob M. (1851–1928), RI 1915–1917
 * Dickson, Thomas, D&H 1869–1884
 * Dillon, Sidney (1812–1892), UP 1874–1884 and 1890–1892
 * Dix, John Adams (1798–1879), C&RI, M&M, UP 1863–1868, Erie 1872
 * Dixon, William J., RI 1970–1974
 * Dodge, Edwin V., SOO 1989–
 * Donnelly, Charles (1869–1939), NP 1920–1939
 * Dorpmuller, Julius (1869–1945), Deutsche Reichsbahn 1926–1945
 * Dougherty, A. A., SMV 1911–
 * Downs, Lawrence A., IC 1926–1938
 * Downs, Thomas, Amtrak 1993–1998
 * Draney, Herbert J., NYSW −1968
 * Draper, William Henry Jr. (1894–1974), LIRR 1950–1951
 * Drew, Daniel (1797–1879), Erie 1857–1870
 * Drusch, William F., TCW 2001–2007
 * Ducharme, Rick (b. 1948), GO 1993–1999, TTC 1999–2006
 * Duff, John, UP 1873–1874
 * Dumaine, Frederick C. Jr., NH 1951–1954, D&H 1967–1968
 * Durant, Charles W., RI 1863–1866
 * Dürr, Heinz (b. 1933), DB 1991–1993, DB AG 1993–1997

E

 * Eaton, Cyrus S. (1883–1979), C&O 1950s
 * Edson, Job A. (1854–1928), KCS 1905–1918 and 1920–1927
 * Edwards, George W. (b. 1939), KCS 1991–1995
 * Eldridge, John S., Erie 1867–1868
 * Elliott, Howard (1860–1928), NP 1903–1913, NH 1913–1917
 * Emerson, Robert A. "Bob", CPR 1964–1966
 * Engel, Edward J., ATSF 1939–1944
 * Erickson, E.O. "Jim", AA -present
 * Eriksen, Søren, DSB 2006–2011
 * Evans, Ike, UP 1998–2004

F

 * Fadeev, Gennady, Russian Railways
 * Farnam, Henry (1803–1883), RI 1854–1863
 * Farrington, John Dow, RI 1948–1955
 * Felton, Samuel Morse Jr. (1853–1930), CA 1899–1908, CGW 1909–1929
 * Fernandez, Vicente Corta, TFM April 2005 – July 2005
 * Finley, William, SOU 1906–1913
 * Finney, F. N., SOO 1890–1892
 * Fish, Stuyvesant (1851–1923), IC 1887–1906
 * Fishwick, John "Jack" P., EL, D&H 1968–1970, N&W 1970–1981
 * Fisk, George B., LIRR 1839–1847
 * Fisk, James ("Big Jim") (1834–1872), Erie
 * Fitzgerald, J. M. (b. 1877), WM 1913–1914
 * Flagler, Henry Morrison (1830–1913), FEC 1885–1913
 * Fleming, Joseph B., RI 1933–1947
 * Flynn, William J., Amtrak 2020-
 * Forbes, John Murray (1813–1898), MC 1846–1855, CB&Q
 * Fordyce, Samuel W. (1840–1919), SLA&T 1886–1889, SSW 1890–1898, KCS 1900
 * Franklin, Walter S., PRR 1948–1954, LIRR 1954–1955
 * Fraser, Donald V., MKT 1945–1956
 * Frederick, William A., CFNR 1993–
 * Furth, Alan, SP 1979–1982

G

 * Gabreski, Francis S. (1919–2002), LIRR 1978–1981
 * Gadsden, James (1788–1858), South Carolina Rail Road 1840–1850
 * Gallois, Louis (b. 1944), SNCF 1996–2006
 * Gamble, Patrick K. (b. 1945), ARR 2001–present
 * Gardner, Stephen J. (b. 1975), Amtrak 2009–present
 * Gardner, William A., CNW 1910–1916
 * Gardner, William E., WSOR 1988–present
 * McClellan George B. (1826-1885), P 1857-1859
 * Garneau, Cynthia, VIA 2019–present
 * Garrett, John W. (1820–1884), B&O 1858–1884
 * Garrett, Robert, II (1847–1896), B&O 1884–1887
 * Gastler, Harold L., MKT 1975–1988
 * George, W. H. Krome (1918–2004), NS 1979–1990
 * Gibbons, William M. (1919–1990), RI 1975–1984
 * Gibson, Gary, IHB -present
 * Giles, John, RailAmerica, FEC 2008–present
 * Gilliland, Jack E., AT&N, SLSF 1965–.
 * Gilmore, Robert C., SOO 1986–1987
 * Gillouard, Catherine, RATP 2017–present
 * Gohlke, Reiner, DB 1982–1990
 * Goode, David R. (b. 1941), NS 1991–2005
 * Goodenow, William, MEC 1862–1863
 * Goodfellow, Thomas M., LIRR 1955–1967
 * Gordon, Donald (1901–1969), CN 1950–1966
 * Gorman, James E. (died 1942), RI 1917–1942
 * Gorman, Paul, PC
 * Goto, Shinpei (1857–1929), South Manchuria Railway 1906–1908
 * Gould, George Jay, I (1864–1923), DRGW, WP, MP 1892–1915
 * Gould, Jay (1836–1892), Erie 1868–1872, UP 1870s–1883, New York City elevated railroads 1881–1888, MP 1879–1892
 * Gowen, Franklin B. (1836–1889), RDG 1866–1883
 * Granet, Guy, Sir (1867–1943), Midland Railway (UK) 1906–1922, LMS 1923–1927
 * Grant, James (1812–1891), RI 1851–1854
 * Gray, Carl R. (1867–1939), GN 1912–1914, WM 1914–1919, UP 1920–1937
 * Green, Chris, Virgin Rail Group 1999–2005, Network Rail 2005–2010
 * Green, Fred J., CPR 2005–present
 * Greenough, Allen J. (1905–1974), PRR 1960–1968
 * Grinstein, Gerald (b. 1932), BN 1985–1995
 * Grout, H. C., SOO 1944–1949
 * Grube, Rüdiger (b. 1951), DB 2009-2017
 * Gunn, David L. (b. 1937), SEPTA 1979–1984, New York City MTA 1984–1990, WMATA 1991–1994, TTC 1995–1999, Amtrak 2002–2005
 * Gurley, Fred (1889–1976), ATSF 1944–1958

H

 * Hagerman, John J. (1838–1909), CM 1885–1890
 * Hall, Harold H., SOU 1980–1982
 * Hall, John Manning, NH 1899−1903
 * Haile, Columbus, MKT 1927–1930
 * Hanna, David Blyth (1858–1938), CNoR 1918–1919, CN 1919–1922
 * Hannaford, Jule Murat (1850–1934), NP 1913–1920
 * James Theodore Harahan, IC 1906–1911
 * Harriman, E. H. (1848–1909), UP 1904–1909, SP 1901–1909
 * Harris, Joseph Smith (1836-1910), Reading Company 1893-1901
 * Harris, Robert (1830–1894), CB&Q 1876–1878, NP 1884–1888
 * Harrison, Fairfax, SOU 1913–1937
 * Harrison, E. Hunter (1944–2017), IC 1993–1998, CN 2003–2009. CP 2012–2017, CSX 2017
 * Harrold, Orville R. (1932–2005), PW 1980–2005
 * Hartt, Jay Samuel (died 1962), CSS&SB 1938–1960
 * Havemeyer, Henry, LIRR 1875–1876
 * Haverty, Mike (b. 1944), ATSF 1989–1995, KCS 1995–2010
 * Haviland, Isaac E., LIRR 1850–1851 and 1852–1853
 * Hayakawa, Senkichi, South Manchuria Railway 1921–1922
 * Hayashi, Hakutaro, South Manchuria Railway 1932–1935
 * Hays, Charles Melville, SP 1900–1901
 * Heineman, Benjamin W. (1914–2012), CNW 1956–1968
 * Henrici, Jacob, P&LE 1881–1885
 * Henry, Paula, UTAH 2008–present
 * Hicks, Valentine, LIRR 1837–1838
 * Hill, James J. (1838–1916), SP&P 1873–1879, GN 1879–1907, NP
 * Hill, Elaina, Ohio and National Railway Company 2019–Present
 * Hiltz, John P. Jr., D&H 1967
 * Hines, Walker D. (1870–1934), ATSF 1916–17, USRA 1918–1919
 * Holden, Hale, SP 1928–1939
 * Holliday, Cyrus K. (1826–1900), ATSF 1860–1863
 * Hone, Philip (1780–1851), D&H 1825–1826
 * Hooper, James, Erie two months in 1845
 * Hood, John Mifflin, WM 1874–1902
 * Hopkins, Mark (1813–1878), CP 1861–
 * Hoppe, Charles W., LIRR 1990–1994
 * Howard, Nathaniel Lamson (1884–1949), CGW 1925–1929
 * Huges, Timo (b. 1965), NS (Dutch Railways) 2013–present
 * Hughes, David, Amtrak 2005–2006
 * Hughitt, Marvin, CNW 1887–1910
 * Hungerford, Samuel J., CN 1932–1941
 * Hunnewell, H. H. (1810–1902), KCFS&G, KCL&S
 * Huntingdon, G. R., SOO 1922–1923
 * Huntington, Collis P. (1821–1900), CP 1862–, C&O 1871–1888
 * Huntington, Henry E. (1850–1927), PE
 * Hunton, Eppa Jr. (1855–1932), RFP 1920–1932
 * Hurlbut, Hinman (1819–1884), CCCI
 * Hustis, James H. (1864–1942), NH 1913–1914, B&M 1914–1926

I

 * Idrac, Anne-Marie (b. 1951), RATP 2002–2006, SNCF 2006–2008
 * Ingalls, Melville E. (1842–1914), CCC&StL 1889–1905
 * Ingram, John W., RI 1974–1975
 * Insull, Samuel (1859–1938), CNS&M, CA&E, CSS&SB 1925–1933
 * Ives, Brayton (1840–1914), NP 1893–1896

J

 * Jacobson, L. S. "Jake", CBRY -present
 * Jaffray, C. T., SOO 1924–1937
 * Jeffers, William, UP 1937–
 * Jenks, Downing B., RI 1956–1961, MP
 * Jervis, John B. (1795–1885), RI 1851–1854
 * HughJJewett.jpg Jewett, Hugh J. (1817–1898), Erie 1874–1884
 * Johnson, Lucius E. (1846–1921), N&W 1904–1921
 * Johnson, R. Ellis, RI 1961–1964
 * Johnson, William B., IC 1967–1969
 * Johnston, Charles E. (1881–1951), KCS 1928–1938
 * Johnston, Paul W., Erie 1949–1956
 * Johnston, Wayne A. (1897–1967), IC 1945–1966
 * Joy, James F. (1810–1896), MC
 * Joyce, Patrick H. (1879–1946), CGW 1931–1946

K

 * Kakiuchi, Takeshi, JR West −2005
 * Kalikow, Peter S. (b. 1943), NYMTA 2001–2007
 * Kamarás, Miklós, MÁV −2008
 * Kasyanov, Alexander, East Siberian Railway −2004
 * Kawamura, Takeji, South Manchuria Railway 1922–1924
 * Keddi, Herbert, DR 1989–1990
 * Keep, Albert (1826–1907), CNW, LSMS
 * Kenefick, John, UP 1971–1986
 * Kenny, Raymond P., LIRR 2006–2007
 * Keyes, Henry (1810–1870), ATSF 1869–1870
 * Kidde, Walter (1877–1943), NYSW 1937–1943
 * Kidder, John Flint (died 1901), NCNG −1901
 * Kidder, Sarah, NCNG 1901–1913
 * Kilbourn, Byron (1801–1870), Milwaukee and Mississippi Railroad 1849–1852
 * Kiley, John P., MILW −1957
 * Kimball, Benjamin, CS 1880
 * Frederick J. Kimball.jpg Kimball, Frederick J. (1844–1903), N&W 1881–1903
 * Kimmel, William (1812–1886), B&O
 * King, James Gore (1791–1853), Erie 1835–1839
 * King, John, Erie 1884–1894
 * Kittson, Norman (1814–1888), SPM&M 1879–
 * Klemm, Hans, DR 1990–1991
 * Knott, Stuart R. (1859–1943), KCS 1900–1905
 * Kohiyama, Naoto, South Manchuria Railway 1943–1945
 * Kramer, Erwin, DR 1950–1970
 * Krebs, Robert, SP 1982–1984, BNSF
 * Kreikemeyer, Willi, DR 1949–1950
 * Kruttschnitt, Julius, SP 1913–1925
 * Kummant, Alexander (b. 1942), Amtrak 2006–2008
 * Kunisawa, Simbei, South Manchuria Railway 1917–1919

L

 * Lafevers, Brad, GMA 2004–present
 * Langdon, Jervis Jr., RI 1965–1970
 * Lawless, Ronald E., CN 1987–1992
 * LeClair, Maurice (1927–2020), CN 1982–1986
 * Leeds, William Bateman, RI 1901–1904
 * LeFrançois, Marc (b. 1939), Via 2000−2004
 * Levine, John P., Pinsly -present
 * Lewis, Drew (1931–2016), UP 1986–1997
 * Lewis, Roger (1912–1987), Amtrak 1971–1974
 * Linchevski, Ofer, Israel Railways 2005–present
 * Loder, Benjamin (1801–1876), Erie 1845–1853
 * Logan, William A., NYSW 1968–
 * Lok, Jesper, DSB 2011–present
 * Lord, Eleazer (1788–1871), Erie 1833–1835, 1839–1841 and 1844–1845
 * Lord, Henry C. (1824–1884), ATSF 1868–1869
 * Loree, Leonor F. (1858–1940), B&O 1901–1903, D&H 1907–1938, KCS 1918–1920
 * Lovett, Robert S. (1860–1932), SP 1909–1913, UP 1910–1911
 * Lowden, Frank Orren (1861–1943), RI 1933–1943
 * Lowry, Thomas (1843–1909), SOO 1889–1890, 1892–1909
 * Ludewig, Johannes (b. 1945), DB 1997–1999

M

 * Macfarlane, Robert Stetson (1899–1982), NP 1951–1966
 * WilliamMackenzie CNoR.jpg Mackenzie, William (1849–1923), TSR 1891–, CNoR 1895–, Brascan 1899–
 * MacMillan, Norman J. (1909–1978), CN 1967–1974
 * MacNamara, G. Allen, SOO 1950–1960
 * Magdei, Vasilie V. (d. 2006), Ulaanbaatar Railway 2004–2006
 * Mahone, William (1826–1895), N&P 1853-1858
 * Maidmen, Irving, NYSW
 * Mallory, Francis (1807–1860), N&P
 * Mann, Donald (1853–1934), CNoR
 * Manvel, Allen (1837–1893), ATSF 1889–1893
 * Markham, Charles H., IC 1911–1918
 * Marsh, Ernest S., ATSF 1958–1967
 * Marsh, Nathaniel, Erie 1861–1864
 * Marsh, Samuel, Erie 1859–1861 and four months in 1864
 * Martin, Edward L. (1837–1897), KCP&G 1889–1897
 * Matsuoka, Yōsuke (1880–1946), South Manchuria Railway 1935–1939
 * Maxwell, Gregory W., D&H 1970–1972
 * Maxwell, William, Erie 1842–1843
 * Mayer, Charles F. (1832–1904), B&O 1888–1896
 * Maynard, Moses Jr., LIRR 1851–1852
 * McAdoo, William G. (1863–1941), H&M 1902–1913; USRA 1917–18
 * McCabe, Frank Wells, D&H 1968
 * McCahey, James B. Jr. (1920–1998), CSS&SB
 * McCrea, James, PRR 1907–1912
 * McCreey, William, P&LE 1875–1877
 * McDonald, Angus Daniel (1878–1941), SP 1932–1941
 * McDonald, Morris (1865–1938), B&M 1913–1914, MEC 1914–1932
 * McGinnis, Patrick, B&M 1950–1960, NH 1954–
 * McGonagle, William Albert “Al” (1861-1930), DM&IR (president) 1902-1930
 * McIver, Bruce C., LIRR 1985–1989
 * McKinnon, Arnold B., NS
 * McLean, David G. A., CN -present
 * McLeod, Archibald A., RDG
 * McNear, Denman, SP 1976–1979
 * McPherson, John D., IC, FEC 1999–2008
 * Meerstadt, Bert (b. 1961), NS (Dutch Railways) 2009–2013
 * Mehdorn, Hartmut (b. 1942), DB 1999–2009
 * Mellen, Charles Sanger (1852–1927), NP 1897–1903, NH 1903–, MEC 1910–1914
 * Menk, Louis W., NP 1966–1970, BN
 * Mercier, Armand, SP 1941–1951
 * Merrick, Samuel V., PRR 1847–1849
 * Meyers, W. Heyward, PRR 1889-1915
 * Mięclewski, Maciej, PKP −2004
 * Miller, Dennis H., IAIS 2004–present
 * Miller, E. Spencer (d. 2005), MEC 1952–1978
 * Millholland, James A., GC&C
 * Minot, Charles, Erie Railroad 1850-45 and 1859–1864
 * Mitchell, Alexander (1817–1887), MILW 1864–1887
 * Moffat, David (1839–1911), DRGW 1887–1891, DNW&P 1902-1911
 * Mohan, D.M. "Mike", SP 1984–1996
 * Mohar, Mario, TFM −2005
 * Mohler, A.L., UP 1911–1916
 * Molson, John (1763–1836), C&StL
 * Moore, W. Gifford, L&HR 1968–
 * Moorman, Charles W. (b. 1953), NS 2004–2015, Amtrak 2016–2017
 * Moran, Charles, Erie 1857–1859
 * Moretti, Mauro (b. 1953), FS 2006–present
 * Morrill, Anson P., MEC 1864–1866 and 1873–1875
 * Morris, William E., LIRR 1853–1862
 * Moyes, Chris (1949–2006), Go-Ahead Group 2005–2006
 * Moyers, Edward, SP −1995
 * Mudge, Henry U., RI 1909–1915
 * Murray, Leonard, SOO 1961–1978

N

 * Nakamura, Korekimi, South Manchuria Railway 1908–1913
 * Nakamura, Yujiro, South Manchuria Railway 1914–1917
 * Nash, John Francis (1908–2004), P&LE 1953–1956, LV
 * Nast, William F. (1840–1893), ATSF 1868
 * William Neal, CPR 1947–1948
 * Newall, James E., CPR
 * Newell, John, P&LE 1887–1896
 * Newton, Daniel Howe (1827–1911), HT&W 1887–1905
 * Nickerson, Thomas (1810–1892), ATSF 1874–1880, CS 1880–1885
 * Nomura, Ryutaro, South Manchuria Railway 1913–1914 and 1919–1921
 * Norris, Ernest E., SOU 1937–1951
 * Norton, Henry K., NYSW 1943–1955
 * Nuelle, Joseph H., D&H 1938–1954

O

 * Oakes, Thomas Fletcher (1843–1919), NP 1888–1893
 * Oeftering, Heinz Maria, DB 1957–1972
 * Oeser, Rudolf (1858–1926), Deutsche Reichsbahn 1924–1926
 * Ogden, William Butler (1805–1877), G&CU 1848–1862, UP 1862–1863
 * Ohmura, Takuichi, South Manchuria Railway 1939–1943
 * Olyphant, George Talbot, D&H 1858–1869
 * Olyphant, Robert M., D&H 1884–1903
 * Osborn, Prime F., III, SCL, CSX
 * Osipów, Andrzej (b. 1953), SKM 2006–2009
 * Otsuka, Mutsutake (b. 1932), JR East 2000–present
 * Ottensmeyer, Patrick J. (b. 1957), KCS 2015–present

P

 * Packer, Asa (1805–1879), LV
 * Page, William N. (1854–1932), VGN
 * Palmer, William Jackson (1836–1909), KP, D&RG 1870–1901
 * Parkinson, David L., CFNR 1993–
 * Patterson, William C., PRR 1849–1852
 * Pattison, Robert K., LIRR 1976–1978
 * Payne, Henry Clay (1843–1904), TMER&L, NP
 * Peabody, Charles A., IC 1918–1919
 * Pease, Edward (1767–1858), S&D 1825–1829
 * Pelletier, Jean (1935–2009), Via 2001–2004
 * Pennington, Edmund, SOO 1909–1922
 * Pepy, Guillaume (b. 1958), SNCF 2008–present
 * Perham, Josiah, NP 1864–1866
 * Perlman, Alfred E. (1902–1983), NYC 1954–1968, PC 1968–1970, WP 1970–1973
 * Peters, Ralph (1853–1923), LIRR 1905–1923
 * Phelps, John Jay (1810–1869), DLW −1853
 * Phelps, Timothy Guy (1824–1899), SP 1865–1868
 * Pick, Frank (1878–1941), LPTB 1933–1940
 * Pitcairn, Robert (1836–1909), PRR Pittsburgh Division
 * Plant, Henry B. (1819–1899), Plant System
 * Pomeroy, Samuel C. (1816–1891), ATSF 1863–1868
 * Poppenhusen, Adolph, LIRR 1877
 * Poppenhusen, Conrad, LIRR 1876
 * Post, Waldron B., LIRR 1838–1839
 * Potter, William F., LIRR 1905
 * Pound, Thaddeus C. (1833–1914), CF&W, StPEGT
 * Power, Thomas F. Jr., WC −2001
 * Prendergast, Thomas F., LIRR 1994–2000, NYMTA 2013–present
 * Provo, Larry S., CNW 1968–1976
 * Purdy, Warren G., RI 1898–1901

Q

 * Qawi, Hanafi Abdel, Egyptian Railways −2006
 * Quinlan, H.W., L&HR 1960–1968
 * Quinn, William John, MILW 1957–1966 CB&Q 1966–1970

R

 * Ramsdell, Homer, Erie 1853–1857
 * Ramsey, Joseph Jr., WAB 1901–1905, WM 1903–1908
 * Rea, Samuel, PRR 1913–1925, LIRR 1923–1928
 * Redfearn, Donald D. (b. 1953), RailAmerica
 * Reed, James H., P&LE 1892–1896
 * Reed, John Shedd (1917–2008), ATSF 1967–1986
 * Reid, Robert Gillespie (1842–1908), NFRy 1889–1908
 * Reidy, Edward T. (1903–1975), CGW 1957–1968
 * Reinhart, Joseph, ATSF 1893–1894
 * Reistrup, Paul, Amtrak 1974–1978
 * Rice, Richard D., MEC 1870–1873
 * Rice, W. Thomas (1913–2006), RFP 1955–1957, ACL 1957–1967, SCL 1967–, CSX
 * Rich, Walter (1946–2007), NYSW 1980–
 * Riddle, Hugh (1822–1892), RI 1877–1883
 * Rión, Francisco Javier, TFM 2005–present
 * Ripley, Edward Payson, ATSF 1896–1920
 * Ritchie, Robert J., CPR 1990–2005
 * Roberson, Bob, FWWR
 * Roberts, George B., PRR 1880–1896
 * Tracy A. Robinson at the 2023 US-Canada Summit (52806435597) (cropped).jpg Robinson, Tracy A., CN 2022–present
 * Robinson, William Jr., O&P 1848–
 * Rogers, Henry H. (1840–1909), VGN
 * Ronan, William J. (1912–2014), NYMTA 1965–1974
 * Ropes, David N., LIRR 1876–1877
 * Rose, Matthew K. (b. 1960), BNSF 1999–present
 * Ross, Walter L. (b. 1852), NKP 1929–
 * Rouvillois, Philippe, SNCF −1986
 * Rowland, Landon H., KCS 1990–1991
 * Rowland, Ross, Pacific Wilderness Railway 2000–2001
 * Roy, Jon R., IAIS −2002
 * Russell, Donald (1900–1985), SP 1952–1972
 * Rutter, James H., NYC 1883–1885

S

 * Sage, Russell (1816–1906), CM&StP
 * St. Clair-Abrams, Alexander (1845–1931), TO&A
 * Saunders, Stuart T. (1909–1987), N&W 1958–1963, PRR 1963–1968, PC 1968–1970
 * Scannell, Daniel T., LIRR 1981
 * Schaff, Charles E., MKT 1923–1926
 * Schieffer, Kevin V., DME 1996–2008
 * Schlager, Walter L. Jr., LIRR 1969–1976
 * Schmiege, Robert, CNW
 * Schoonmaker, James M., P&LE
 * Scott, I. Barry, CPR −1995
 * Scott, Thomas A. (1823–1881), UP 1871–1874, PRR 1874–1880
 * Scranton, George W. (1811–1861)
 * Sease, Ralph E., NYSW 1955–1963
 * Seger, C.B., UP 1918–1919
 * Segień, Mikołaj, SKM -present
 * Sengeløv, Keld (d. 2006), DSB −2006
 * Sengoku, Mitsugu, South Manchuria Railway 1928–1931
 * Sharp, Thomas R., LIRR 1877–1881
 * Shaughnessy, Thomas George (1853–1923), CPR 1899–1918
 * Sheffield, Bill (b. 1928), ARR 1997–2001
 * Sheffield, Joseph Earl (1793–1882), Northampton Railroad
 * Sherwood, Henry (1813–1896), W&L
 * Shoemaker, Kent, D&H 1978–1982
 * Shoener, Arthur, KCS 2005–2008
 * Shoup, Paul, SP 1929–1932
 * Shumate, Stuart, RFP 1961–1981
 * Simpson, Howard E. (1897–1985), B&O 1953–1961
 * Sinclair, Ian David (1913–2006), CPR 1969–1981
 * Sloan, Matthew S., MKT 1933–1945
 * Sloan, Samuel (1817–1907), DLW 1867–1899
 * Smith, Alfred H. (1863–1924), NYC 1914–1924
 * Smith, Charles E. RDG −1866
 * Smith, John Gregory (1818–1891), NP 1866–1872
 * Smith, Marvin Louis Vice President Operations Texas Pacific – Missouri Pacific Railroad 1962–1968
 * Smith, Marvin Louis President St. Louis Terminal Railroad 1961–1962
 * Smith, Richard Earl Trainmaster Texas-Pacific Missouri-Pacific Railroad 1961–1968
 * Smucker, David E., LIRR 1949–1950
 * Snow, John W. (b. 1939), B&O 1985–1986, CSXT 1986–1988
 * Spencer, Samuel (1847–1906), B&O 1887–1888, SOU 1894–1906
 * Speyer, Edgar (1862–1932), UERL 1906–1915
 * Squires, James, NS 1992–2022
 * Sprague, Lucian (1882–1960), M&StL 1935–
 * Sproule, William, SP 1911–1918 and 1920–1928
 * Stamp, Josiah (1880–1941) LMS 1926–
 * Stanley, Albert, Lord Ashfield (1874–1948), UERL 1920–1933, LPTB 1933–1947
 * Stanford, Leland (1824–1893), CP 1861–1868, SP 1868–1893
 * Starling, David (b. 1950), KCS 2008–2016
 * Stauffer, Grant (died 1949), CGW 1948–1949
 * Stephen, George (1829–1921), CPR 1881–1888
 * Sterzing, Carl B., D&H 1972–1977
 * Stickney, Alpheus Beede (1840–1916), CGW 1883–1909
 * Stilwell, Arthur Edward (1859–1928), KCP&G 1897–1900, KCM&O
 * Stinson, William (b. 1935), CPR 1981–1990
 * Stockdale, Fletcher (c. 1823–1890), Indianola Railroad
 * Stoddard, A.E., UP 1949–1965
 * Storey, William Benson (1857–1940), ATSF 1920–1933
 * Strong, Henry, ATSF 1873–1874
 * Strong, William Barstow (1837–1914), MC −1876, ATSF 1881–1889
 * Swann, Thomas (1809–1883), B&O 1848–1853
 * Swift, Charles M. (1854–1929), Meralco, Panay Railways, various Michigan companies
 * Swinburn, Charles (b. 1942), RailAmerica
 * Swartz, W. John, ATSF 1986–1989
 * Symes, James H., PRR 1954–1963

T

 * Taylor, Hamish, Eurostar 1996–1999
 * Taylor, Knowles, LIRR 1835–1837
 * Taylor, Walter H. (1838–1916), N&W
 * Tellier, Paul (b. 1939), CN 1992–2003
 * Thayer, William F. (b. 1846), NNH
 * Thomas, Eben B., Erie 1894–1901
 * Thomas, Philip E. (1776–1861), B&O 1827–1836
 * Thomson, Frank, PRR 1897–1899
 * Thomson, John Edgar (1808–1874), PRR 1852–1874
 * Thornton, Henry W. (1871–1933), CN 1922–1932
 * Tishanin, Alexander, East Siberian Railway 2004–present
 * Tobias, Steven C., AWW -present
 * Towner, Terry, ABS -present
 * Tracy, John F., RI 1866–1877
 * Travis, Walter E., BAR
 * Truesdale, William (1851–1935), MSTL 1887, DLW 1899–1925
 * Tsutsumi, Yoshiaki (b. 1934), Seibu Railway −2004
 * Turpin, Frank (1923–2005), ARR 1985–1993
 * Tuttle, Lucius, B&M 1893–
 * Twichell, Ginery (1811–1883), B&W 1857–, ATSF 1870–1873, BB&G, HT&W

U

 * Uchida, Yasuka, South Manchuria Railway 1931–1932
 * Underwood, Frederick D., Erie 1901–1927

V

 * Vaerst, Wolfgang, DB 1972–1982
 * Vanderbilt, Cornelius (1794–1877), NY&H 1862–, NYC 1867–
 * Vanderbilt, Cornelius, II (1843–1899), NYC 1885–
 * Vanderbilt, Frederick William (1856–1938), NYC
 * Vanderbilt, Harold Stirling (1884–1970), NYC
 * Vanderbilt, William Henry (1821–1885), NYC
 * Vanderbilt, William Kissam (1849–1920), NYC
 * Vanderbilt, William Kissam, II (1878–1944), NYC
 * van Boxtel, Roger (b. 1954), NS 2015—
 * van der Burch, John, SRY 2000–2008
 * William Cornelius Van Horne.jpg Van Horne, William Cornelius (1843–1915), CPR 1889–1899
 * Van Sweringen, Mantis James (1881–1935), NKP, Erie, PM, HV, C&O
 * Van Sweringen, Oris Paxton (1879–1936), NKP, Erie, PM, HV, C&O
 * Vaughan, Robert Charles, CN 1941–1949
 * Veenman, Aad, NS (Dutch Railways) 2002–2009
 * Villard, Henry (1835–1900), NP 1881–1884
 * Von Miller, Harry W., Erie 1956–1960, EL 1960–

W

 * Wach, Andrzej, PKP 2004–present
 * Walker, Aldace F. (1842–1901), ATSF 1894–1895
 * Walker, George, CPR 1948–1955
 * Walsh, Mike, UP 1987–1991
 * Walters, Henry (1848–1931), ACL
 * Christopher O. Ward Executive Director of PANYNJ (2008-2011)
 * Ward, Michael J., CSX 2003–2017
 * Warrington, George (1952–2007), Amtrak 1998–2002
 * Washburn, William D. (1831–1912), SOO 1883–1889
 * Watkins, Hays T. Jr., Chessie System 1972–1986, CSX
 * Watson, Peter H., Erie 1872–1874
 * Webster, G. W., SOO 1937–1944
 * Weeks, James H., LIRR 1847–1850
 * Wegner, Mark J., TCW 2007–present
 * West, Absolom M. (1818–1894), MSC 1864–
 * White, William, D&H 1954–1967
 * Whitehead, Charles N., MKT 1926
 * Whitman, Reginald N., MKT 1970–1975
 * Wilbur, George B., CS 1885–1887
 * Wilcox, David, D&H 1903–1907
 * Willard, Daniel (1861–1942), B&O 1910–1941
 * Williams, Charles T., MKT 1961–1965
 * Williams, Helena E., LIRR 2007–present
 * Williams, John H., NWP 2006–present
 * Wilson, Robin H.H., LIRR 1981–1985
 * Winchell, Benjamin L., RI 1904–1909
 * Winter, Edwin (1845–1930), NP 1896–1897, BRT 1902–
 * Wolfe, James R. (1930–1988), Chicago and North Western
 * Woodruff, Robert E. (1884–1957), Erie 1939–1949
 * Wright, Charles Barstow, NP 1875–1879
 * Wurtz, John, D&H 1831–1858
 * Wyer, William, LIRR 1951–1954

Y

 * Yakunin, Vladimir (b. 1948), Russian Railways 2005–2015
 * Yamamoto, Jyotaro, South Manchuria Railway 1927–1929
 * Yamazaki, Masao, JR West 2005–present
 * Yamazaki, Motoki, South Manchuria Railway 1945
 * Yasuhiro, Banichiro, South Manchuria Railway 1924–1927
 * Yerkes, Charles (1837–1905), UERL 1902–1905
 * Yohe, Curtis M., P&LE 1929–1953
 * Yohe, James B., P&LE
 * Young, James R. (1952–2014), UP (president) 2004–2014 (CEO) 2006–2014
 * Young, Robert R. (1897–1958), C&O 1942–, NYC 1954–1958
 * Yulee, David Levy (1810–1886), Yulee Railroad

title: List of railroad executives


text:
Walter Klien

Walter Klien (27 November 1928 – 9 February 1991) was an Austrian pianist.

Career
Klien was born in Graz in 1928. His mother was the artist Erika Giovanna Klien (1900-1957). She emigrated to the United States in 1929, and their only further contact was by correspondence.

Klien studied piano with Josef Dichler at the Music Academy in Vienna and with Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli. He also studied composition with Paul Hindemith.

He was a laureate of the Busoni Competition in Bolzano and the Marguerite Long Competition in Paris and made his debut in the United States in 1969. In 1953 he had been awarded the Bosendorfer Prize in Vienna.

Shortly before his death from cancer in 1991 (which occurred shortly before a planned visit to Australia), he was honoured with the Joseph Marx Music Prize in 1987 and the gold medal of the city of Vienna in 1989.

Recordings
His discography is large, and much of it has been reissued on CD or is available in download format. It includes the complete solo piano works and many of the piano concertos of Mozart, much of the piano music of Brahms, as well as the complete piano sonatas of Schubert. He partnered Arthur Grumiaux in recording the Mozart music for piano and violin, and Rena Kyriakou in the complete piano music of Chabrier.

He performed and recorded piano duo and duet repertoire with his wife, Beatriz Klien and with his Graz contemporary Alfred Brendel.

He was much admired for his crystalline tone and projection of detail in his interpretations. His clarity of playing suited the music of Mozart and Schubert in particular. These qualities are also very evident in his Brahms recordings, where the dense textures of the writing can easily obscure the musical argument. Critics continue to regard his complete Schubert sonatas as amongst the finest recorded, not least for their unique Viennese lilt and unaffected ease.

title: Walter Klien