text:
Valentina (Philippine comics)

Valentina is a supervillain appearing in Philippine comic books, created by Mars Ravelo and Nestor Redondo. Based upon the eponymous Greek mythological figure, she first appeared in Pilipino Komiks (issue #78, 1950) and was the first adversary of the superhero Darna. Referred to as the "Goddess of Snakes", she has command over all kinds of serpents and has venomous snakes in her head instead of hair. She has been featured significantly as Darna's archenemy in many adaptations of her stories in other media.

Born in a rural scene, Valentina's origin story relates that she is the daughter of mortals Miguel and Doray. She was feared and hated by the town folks and the only man she ever loved, Edwardo, for her appearance. With the influence of the serpent creature Kobra, this drove her to become evil, murdered her parents and soon planned to destroy humankind by turning the world into a haven of reptiles. The character has changed in depiction over the decades. In Mango Comics' 2003 three-part issue, she was depicted as an extraterrestrial from the planet Tiamat disguised as her mortal alter-ego Amor. A pop culture icon, Valentina is often described as the most recognizable female supervillain in the Philippines.

Early years
Valentina's debut in Philippine comics is in Pilipino Komiks #78 (1950), which is the second episode of the comics serial Darna by Mars Ravelo and Nestor Redondo that ran 28 episodes. She eventually became the archenemy of Darna. In creating Valentina, Ravelo drew inspiration from Medusa, a Gorgon in Greek mythology with living venomous snakes in place of hair. Valentina has venomous snakes in her hair, but she does not turn people into stone upon looking into her eyes unlike Medusa.

In her first appearance, Valentina was born from human parents named Miguel and Doray. Too many restrictions from her parents led Valentina to kill them with the help of her pet snake Vibora, beginning her journey onto the pathway of evil. Kobra, a creature with a python's body and hag's head, became Valentina's master. Valentina learns to control snakes to do her bidding, making her "goddess of the snakes". After Darna foiled her plan to turn the Earth into a world dominated by reptiles, Valentina commits suicide by jumping into a cliff where the bodies of her parents can be found.

Later years
In the late 1960s, Pablo S. Gomez created a comic novel entitled Valentina in Universal Komiks that was published by PSG Publication. The main character of the novel, Valentina, is associated with snakes and inspired by Ravelo's Valentina. Due to this comic novel, Valentina became a household name.

The Mango Comics miniseries
In the early 2000s, Mango Comics acquired the rights of Darna. With inputs from the family of Ravelo, in 2003, Mango Comics released a miniseries featuring Darna with Valentina as the main villainess. In this comics series that was written by Boboy Yonzon and illustrated by Ryan Orosco and Gilbert Monsanto, both Darna and Valentina came from the planet called Tiamat. Darna comes from a warrior race named Adarna that uses artificial wings and the comics clearly link the race's origin from the Adarna bird from early Filipino literature while Valentina comes from a rival race that resembles the Nāgas and Gorgons. In this version, Darna's alter-ego, Narda, is depicted as an ordinary college student. On other hand, Valentina is initially presented as a pop singer named Amor comparing her singing prowess to Britney Spears.

Character background
Valentina is a serpent queen with a same likeness to the Gorgon Medusa of the Greek mythology, and with this, she has the ability to control all types of snake as well as communicate with them. One of her defining feature is her venomous snakes on her head that she uses to attack enemies and their bite is lethal just like a viper. As a snake goddess, she has an army of snakes that she uses to execute her plan to destroy humankind. She can also change in different forms.

Valentina usually has a pet snake and a mentor who teaches him to control snakes. She is normally depicted as a bitter woman who always seeks revenge. In other depictions, she is jealous with Narda's (Darna's alter ego) love interest and attempts to steal the man that Narda (or Darna) loves.

1950s to 1970s
Cristina Aragon played the first Valentina role in the film Darna (1951), the very first film adaptation of Darna comics series. Twenty-two years later, in 1973, Valentina appeared as a doctoral degree graduate in Reptilian Zooloogy from University of New Delhi in the film Lipad, Darna, Lipad!. Valentina's full name in this film is Dr. Valentina Vrandakapoor, Ph.D. and she wears a turban to hide the snakes on her head. Celia Rodriguez portrayed Valentina in this film and her depiction of the character, particularly the sequence where twelve real snakes cover her body while in bed, made her one of top actress to play Valentina as well as one of the top villain performers in the Philippines. The snakes on the head of Rodriguez were actually eels (Rodriguez referred to it as water snakes).

1980s to 1990s
In 1989, a film was released by Lea Productions entitled Valentina, where Melissa Perez Rubio played the title role. In this film where Darna did not appear, Valentina is portrayed as a good person who was cursed with snakes on her head and has powers to turn people into stones at will unlike Medusa who makes people into stones through looking at her eyes. Rey "PJ" Abellana played Ariel, the love interest of Valentina, which was originally intended for Eric Quizon.

In the film 1991 film Darna, Pilar Pilapil portrayed Valentina. The film was criticized as campy and Valentina's look was negatively compared to Jacobim Mugatu of Zoolander while her pet snake Vibora was censured as a downgraded muppet with bright red lips. In another Darna film in the 1990s, Mars Ravelo's Darna! Ang Pagbabalik (1994), Pilita Corrales played Valentina where she has a daughter named Valentine (portrayed by Cherie Gil) who also has snakes on her head.

Future
After ABS-CBN got the film rights for Ravelo's characters in 2013, development of another Darna film has been in the works since 2014 by ABS-CBN's film production company, Star Cinema, with Angel Locsin reprising her role as Darna, although, full cast was not revealed including the actress who would portray Valentina. Erik Matti was the director of the film whose production company Reality Entertainment was co-producing the film. In 2015, Angel Locsin left the project for health reasons. Matti continued working on the project without revealing any details about the cast. Liza Soberano was announced to play Darna in 2017 and no other cast information was given. There were rumors circulating that Anne Curtis would portray Valentina in Soberano-led Darna film but she neither confirm or deny it. Other prospects of actresses who would be Valentina emerged including Venus Raj, Iza Calzado and Jessy Mendiola. In August 2018, Matti said that he already had actors for Ding and Valentina but he did not reveal who were them. In the same month he said this, Soberano had a fractured finger and in April 2019 she announced that she is quitting the project because of the injury.

ABS-CBN announced in October 2018 that Matti withdrew as director for the Darna film because of creative differences. A day after the announcement, it was revealed that Jerrold Tarog replaced Matti as the new director for the Darna film. With the departure of Soberano, Jane De Leon was unanimously picked as Darna among the 300 actresses who auditioned for the role. On the other hand, the coveted Valentina role has yet to be disclosed and several actresses expressed their desire to fulfill the role, most notably Denise Laurel. In addition to the other actresses who were rumored to be Valentina, it was speculated that the following actresses would be Valentina: Sarah Lahbati, Dimples Romana and Maricar Reyes.

Darna (2005 TV series)
The very first appearance of Valentina in television is in the 2005 television series Darna by GMA Network where Alessandra de Rossi played Valentina while Angel Locsin portrayed Darna, which was first offered to Iza Calzado. About more than a decade later, Calzado was also considered to play Valentina in another Darna film. On the other hand, de Rossi had qualms in accepting the Valentina due to her fear of snakes but she was persuaded by the production team to take the role. She initially does not have snakes on her head but eventually had them on her final form. The series pilot which was aired on April 11, 2005, posted a 47.1% rating according to AGB Nielsen and the pilot episode was one of the highest rated in Philippine television.

Most of the plot and story elements of the 2005 Darna television series were lifted from the 2003 Darna comics miniseries published by Mango Comics since GMA Network inked a licensing deal with Mango Comics to adapt their comics version into television. In this adaptation, Narda and Valentina are cousins, but in the latter, they found out that they are twins. Efren (played by Dennis Trillo) is both the love interest of Valentina and Narda; Valentina will do anything to get him. Valentina changed to Ava (played by Nadine Samonte) in order for her to get Efren. Valentina was the Anomalkan who will kill the Queen of Anomalka, Braguda, according to the prophecy.

Darna (2009 TV series)
GMA Network rebooted the Darna series once again in 2009 with Marian Rivera as Darna/Narda and Iwa Moto as Valentina. Moto was initially set to play the villain Babaeng Linta but it was changed and she got the role of Valentina. Katrina Halili was considered to play Valentina but she ended up with another villain, Serpina, the half-sister of Valentina. Although, it turned out that Serpina is actually Valentina. Halili also played a villain in the first Darna TV series in 2005 as the Black Darna. Moto's Valentina used to be the childhood friend of Narda and Eduardo (the love interest of Narda played by Mark Anthony Fernandez) until she becomes evil and the enemy of Darna; because of the serpents on her hair, she grew up as an outcast longing for love from her mother as well as Eduardo.

Valentina's powers in the 2009 Darna TV series played by Moto are superhuman strength, stamina, reflexes and the usual power in the comics, which is the control of snakes through a psychic bond. In addition, she has the ability to heal herself and can heal people who are sick as well as get rid of poisons or toxins from any person. Although, when her heart is injured, she cannot heal it. Valentina can also telepathically link herself to her half-sister, Serpina. Her superhuman strength can uproot trees and can match Darna's strength. In this series, Kobra (played by Paolo Contis) who is originally a female character in the comics is Valentina's father while her mother is an ordinary human named Consuelo (played by Janice de Belen).

Darna (2022 TV series)
Janella Salvador starred as Regina Vanguardia/Valentina in ABS-CBN'S take on Mars Ravelo's Darna. Regina is depicted as a prolific lawyer and influencer with a soft spot for the underprivileged and the downtrodden but a monster hidden behind her strong façade. Her superpowers as the Serpent Queen, given to her by a green, crystal-like extra-terrestrial mineral called "Chrysalis", includes: enhanced regenerative healing factor (enabling her to recuperate, even from harm inflicted by Darna, rapidly overnight), flexibility and night vision. She also has five specific snakes among others that grows and extends to great sizes, which she uses for multiple purposes ranging from snaring her prey to reaching or traveling across fair distances. They are named Varda, Corra, Berlie, Mhokie and Shontong. This depiction is also a capable martial artist, and very limber that she is able to easily restrain her targets using body-to-body grappling moves and has even, on more than one occasion, subjected Darna herself into submission moves that the latter could not quickly escape from.

Other television shows
Jodi Sta. Maria starred as Valentina in an episode of ABS-CBN's Komiks television series in 2006 entitled "Komiks Presents: Valentina." The episode is an origin story and Valentina is presented as a good person like in the 1989 film Valentina. Another ABS-CBN television series, Wansapanataym, features Valentina again in one of its episode in 2010. Melissa Ricks got the role to play Valentina in this Wansapanataym episode and the story is also similar to the Komiks episode and the Valentina film where Valentina is presented as a cursed individual but with a good heart.

Pilipino Komiks
Before the Darna comics characters were adapted into the television medium, they had already appeared first in theater in 1993 where ballerina Lisa Macuja played Darna and Melanie Motus played Valentina in the musical stage play entitled Pilipino Komiks. This ballet stage production was presented by Philippine Ballet Theatre and featured characters made by Mars Ravelo in a comedic way. Almost a quarter a century later in 2017, this play that was first choreographed by Gener Caringal was re-staged again by Philippine Ballet Theatre and co-presented by Filipino Heritage Festival, National Commission for Culture and the Arts, AB Leisure and Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation. In this re-staging of Pilipino Komiks, Regine Magbitang played Darna while Loby Pimentel played Valentina. Both plays were performed in the Cultural Center of the Philippines; the second play additionally performed in Negros, Philippines.

Other stage plays
Another ballet stage play was produced in August 2003 by Ballet Philippines and presented at the Cultural Center of the Philippines. In this theater version, entitled Darna, Christine Crame and Kris-Belle Paclibar alternately danced and played the part of Darna while Valentina who sings was portrayed by Chin-Chin Gutierrez and Tex Ordoñez alternating between the schedule of the stage plays. This production is equally focused on both Darna and Valentina. With choreographic influences from American films such The Matrix and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, the theater play was directed by Chris Millado and choreographed by Denisa Reyes and Alden Lugnasin.

In May 2018, Ding, Ang Bato! that was presented by the Arts and Culture Cluster and the Dance Program of the School of Design and Arts of the De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde was a dance musical theatre that once more featured Darna and Valentina. Staged at School of Design and Arts Theater at De La Salle College of St. Benilde and directed also by Chris Millardo, the story is presented at the point-of-view of Ding (played alternately by Carlos Serrano, Juner Quiambao and John Peñaranda), the younger brother of Narda, who is born deaf in this version. Christine Crame reprised her role as Darna while role of Valentina went to Natasha Cabrera. In this version, Valentina is a sympathetic character and has an alter-ego named Tina that was played by Lea Roque.

Powers and abilities

 * Superhuman Strength — Valentina is capable of lifting from massive debris, land vehicles and is able to lift massive boulders, allowing her to overpower opponents with peak human strength; she is seen capable of becoming stronger over time, able to land blows that could stagger the mighty Darna, who at one point visibly struggled just to keep Valentina pinned down.
 * Enhanced Flexibility/Agility — Valentina can also bend and twist her body at will, far beyond the natural limits of a human being.
 * Night Vision — Valentina is capable of seeing well in utter darkness; unsurprising, since many species of snakes are nocturnal predators.
 * Life-force Absorption — In the 2022 version, Valentina can absorb vitality and health to further enhance her powers and abilities, resulting her opponent/victim to experience extended drain and in worst cases, death.
 * Invulnerability — Valentina is nearly immune to all man-made weapons. She also has a high level of survivability during intense battle even against the likes of Darna.
 * Shapeshifting — In the 2005 version, Valentina has the ability to copy the physical attributes of anyone at will, or shift from her human form to that of Valentina, and then back, at will. She uses this to trick her enemy.
 * Enhanced Regenerative Healing Factor — In the 2022 version, Valentina can rapidly heal and get restored to her optimal state at an extremely fast rate. This also allows her to withstand explosions and physical attacks from her enemies.
 * Snake Psychic Bond — In the 2022 version, Valentina also has the ability to control, talk and command different kinds of snakes.
 * Snake Trendrils — In the 2022 version, Valentina also has large snakes that grows into great sizes that smother her victims to death or swallow them whole. She also uses these snakes to climb walls and move from one place to another.

Actresses who played Valentina
The following table lists all the actresses who portrayed Valentina as the main character as well as her alter-ego. It does not include actresses who portrayed Valentina as a result of possession or reincarnation. That information is available in the "Notes" section.

title: Valentina (Philippine comics)


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Sacromonte

Sacromonte, sometimes also called Sacramonte, is a traditional neighbourhood in the eastern area of the city of Granada in Andalusia, Spain. It is one of the six neighbourhoods that make up the urban district of Albayzín and borders the neighbourhoods of Albayzín, San Pedro, Realejo-San Matías, El Fargue and Haza Grande.

It is located on the hillside and in the valley of Valparaíso, opposite the Alhambra – emblem of Granada. The neighbourhood occupies both banks of the Darro river, whose name seems to be derived from the phrase "d'auro" ("of gold") because of its famous gold-bearing sediments.

Traditionally the neighborhood of the Granadian Romani, who settled in Granada after the Christian conquest of the city in 1492, it is one of the most picturesque neighbourhoods of the city, with cave houses installed in whitewashed caves.

The Romani of Sacromonte have a mixed language known as Caló, which has seen a rapid decline in use over the past century. It is derived from India, where the Romani originated. The Romani of Sacromonte were famously portrayed by the poet Federico García Lorca in his book of poems Romancero Gitano.

Etymology
The neighborhood owes its name to an episode which occurred between 1595 and 1599 on the hill of Valparaíso: the supposed discovery of relics and the so-called "lead books" or "Lead Books of Sacromonte", containing indecipherable drawings and texts in Latin and Arabic characters, which came to be interpreted by some as the fifth gospel. These findings were declared a forgery in the 17th century, but nonetheless led to the construction of the Abbey of Sacromonte, where the supposed relics of Saint Caecilius (co-patron of Granada) and the lead books are now kept.

Origin of the caves
The origin of the houses excavated on the slopes of Sacromonte, the traditional dwelling type of the neighbourhood, is not very clear. It is assumed that they began to be built from the 16th century, after the Jewish and Muslim populations were expelled from their homes, and intermixed with the nomadic Romani, adopting some of their customs. The caves became housing for the marginalised, located outside the walls of the city, which meant being outside of administrative and ecclesiastical control, particularly the Spanish Inquisition. To dig a cave it was necessary to carve away a part of the face of the hill where they wanted to build, making a vertical cut that served as a facade. The builder then inserted an arch at the midpoint to serve as a door. They then excavated as much space for rooms as the terrain would allow.

The forms and limits of this unique house type are determined by the terrain, altitude and extent of the hills where the excavation takes place, so there are no two identical caves. These elements, along with the paths, gullies, small squares, whitewashed facades and interiors form a unique landscape, alongside the customs and crafts of their inhabitants, giving the neighbourhood a unique character.

In addition to the troglodyte houses, another important feature of the neighbourhood is the legends that relate to all corners and places, one of the most well-known being the Ravine of the Blacks.

A neighbourhood legend: Ravine of the Blacks (Barranco de los Negros)
Popular legends hold that after the loss of Granada to the Catholic Monarchs in the Granada War, the formerly ruling Arabs – who made their way in exile to African lands – never gave up hope of someday returning to the city of their parents and grandparents, where they and their children were born.

Afraid of being preyed upon by bandits or groups of renegade Christian soldiers on the roads to the ports of Almuñécar or Almería, where they embarked for Africa, they hid great treasures among the olive groves which at the time covered Sacromonte.

At the same time, they granted freedom to the many slaves owned by the noble Arab families, because of the expense and difficulty of performing the journey with a large entourage. Many of these slaves were black, and had noticed the comings and goings of their former owners to Mount Valparaíso (as the area was then called), were aware of their former owners' fears and had overheard many conversations between them regarding burying their possessions. Granted their freedom but without work or belongings, many decided to climb the mountain and recover for themselves the treasures that had once belonged to their former owners.

They dug and dug into the slopes of the ravine reportedly without success, and exhausted by the effort but left with no alternative shelter, decided to condition the resulting caves and make them their homes. This gave the area the name of "Ravine of the Blacks", as these were believed to be the first inhabitants.

In later years, as Roma began to settle in the area, they supposedly attempted to use many spells in search of the exact places where the treasures were hidden. Many older witches, known as ferminibí, were reported to try talking with water and others with fire, or staring unblinking into basins of water, trying to get some clues to the locations of the lost treasures. To this day it is unknown whether any were discovered and secretly taken away by treasure seekers, or if the treasures remain hidden in the area.

Other sights
Sacromonte Caves Museum, Darro Valley Interpretation Centre.

This Museum opened its doors in 2002 and occupies a space of 4800 square metres in which up to 11 caves have been recovered for viewing in their original state as maintained by their inhabitants. The aim of the museum is to make known and help understand the culture, history and natural environment of the Darro River Valley (a Site of Cultural Interest since 2016). Through these  11 caves visitors can recognize the cave-house, the stable, the traditional trades (basketry, forge, loom, pottery), a cave exclusively dedicated to the history of flamenco in the Sacromonte and another one specialized in troglodyte architecture in the world.

Escuelas del Ave María. They were founded by Don Andrés Manjón – better known as "Father Manjón" – at the beginning of the 20th century to teach gypsy children and whose pedagogical innovations are still in force.

Abadia del Sacromonte. Another monument of the Sacromonte is Abadía, built by the archbishop Don Pedro de Castro in the 17th century where the supposed relics and other testimonios of what would have been the first Christians of Granada appeared, among them San Cecilio, who was made his first bishop, as early as the first century, and some other apostolic men, companions of Santiago. A very important library, with numerous incunabula and manuscripts, has been preserved and is now closed, as have the forgeries of the so-called "Lead Books", in which Cecilio was presented as a disciple of Santiago and the first bishop of Granada. The abbey is the canonical seat of the gypsy brotherhood. There is a mass every Sunday at 12:00. Next to the abbey are the catacombs or holy caves where various chapels are preserved, one of which tradition says that Santiago el Menor came to officiate. The pilgrimage of San Cecilio takes place there on the first Sunday in February. Zambras: Cueva de Curro Albaicín. FRANCISCO GUARDIA CONTRERAS, gypsy singer, known by the artistic name of CURRO ALBAICIN, was born in the Sacromonte neighbourhood, Granada, on 22 January 1948, into a family with a long flamenco tradition, "Los Cabreras", and grew up among the local artists Mario Maya, Manolete, Los Heredias, Los Habichuelas and Los Amayas. Curro Albaicin has also been asked to sing or organize parties for a number of personalities from the world of politics and culture, the kings of Spain on several occasions and those of Syria, the former kings of Greece, Bill Clinton, Antonio Gala, Ian Gibson, Luis Rosales, Pedro Almodovar and Paco Rabal among many others. In 1985, in a personal attempt to recover the almost extinct Zambra of Sacromonte, Curro gathered all the veteran artists of Sacromonte. In 1992, he edited the book Cancionero del Sacromonte. This first book was followed by "Zambra y flamencos del Sacromonte" and he has prepared the edition of another one entitled "La decadencia del Sacromonte". He has written opinion columns for the newspapers Ideal and La Opinión de Granada. In 2002, his book "Cartas de amor y odio" appeared in which he gives his personal vision of politics, feelings and art. He is also the author of a tragicomedy entitled "Los amantes del Fracaso"

Cueva de la Rocío. was one of the first gypsy villages in Sacromonte, a district of Granada. Founded by Andrés Maya Fajardo and Rocío Fernándaz Bustamante in 1951, this cave is still in the hands of the Maya family, one of the most important families in the flamenco world. In Rocio's cave, a show called "Zambra Gitana" is produced every night, a musical and dance genre inspired by Sacromonte's flamenco rituals, such as gypsy weddings.

Fiestas Pilgrimage of San Cecilio In Granada, San Cecilio is celebrated (first Sunday in February) with a pilgrimage to Sacromonte. The carnival – in February – and the Day of Mariana Pineda – in May – acquire more importance every year and the Semana Santa Holy week has reached a spectacular development. The Sacromonte district celebrates its festivals in the first ten days of August.

Popular Festivals of the Sacromonte Organised by the Sacromonte Neighbourhood Association, one of the oldest in the city, they are held on the first weekend in September, and among the festivals and popular meals, the old and famous Pasacalles de Disfraces (Costume Parade) is held on Sunday, where, accompanied by a group, the neighbours parade in costume through the whole neighbourhood, invading the neighbouring Albaicin with music and a lot of cheek.

Famous Sacromontines

 * Chorrojumo

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sacromonte


text:
Talk:Michelle Ryan

Michelle
How do I make the title "michelle" go to the disamg page?

I can't log in to rename Michelle since I don't have a registered title, and can't get one until my mother approves my registration. 68.169.113.246 Talk to me, 68.169.113.246 My contributions 10:43, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Breasts
Source for cup size. Flyingmammal (talk) 13:58, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

No confirmation that she will be the next Doctor Who companion
Please note that as of January 2009 Ryan has only been confirmed as the guest star in Planet of the Dead. All other media reports that she's been cast, or is about to be cast, as Matt Smith's companion (she'd presumably play the same character) should be taken as speculation until the BBC issues an official announcement. There is precedent, as I note in the article, as Catherine Tate had a trial run in a special, too, a year before she joined the series. The same might be happening here. But let's not post rumor unless the BBC says so (the Mirror is a major media outlet so I used it to cite the fact the speculation is circulating). 23skidoo (talk) 14:46, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
 * We should always go to every length to avoid reproducing speculation in tabloid newspapers. These speculations are places for one reason only: to sell the newspaper. --TS 14:58, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
 * That's fair enough, but when there has been multiple sourcing -- and the Mirror is considered a major media outlet in the UK; it violates WP:NPOV to state an opinion about its veracity -- then it should be noted. Plus I'd rather we include one single source that is a print source rather than have someone cite a bunch of blogs (which under Wikipedia's outdated RS rules aren't allowed anyway). For examples of other sources, go here. I'd be OK with replacing the Mirror with the Digital Spy link, if it satisfies the RS rules. 23skidoo (talk) 15:00, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I've reverted the removal because consensus should be reached first. Also the reference to Donna Noble is not in any conceiveable way OR as OR involves new information and I could cite virtually every biographical article on Catherine Tate if you'd like. 23skidoo (talk) 15:03, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
 * The reference to Catherine Tate as a precedent is original research. The use of a rumor in a tabloid newspaper as a source is very poor sourcing. We don't help the reader to sort the wheat from the chaff if we give credence to rubbish. --TS 15:05, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
 * That's not our job. And if you want I'll change the wording to "it's happened before". I could also go in and mentioned it happened with Colin Baker as well, and Peter Purves, and Ian Marter ... however this isn't supposed to be a story on the history of Doctor Who. Anyway I added a source to the BBC on the statement anyway. 23skidoo (talk) 15:06, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
 * You're saying that adequate sourcing, verifiability, and avoiding original research are not our job? I'm not going to argue over this further, but you have put nonsense and rubbish into the article, and I hope you'll realise this and remove the nonsense.
 * To summarise:
 * You have used a poor source to use Wikipedia to spread a rumor.
 * You have introduced an original argument to support the rumor.
 * --TS 15:09, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

Only the fact that she has been cast as Christina in the Easter special belongs on the page, all other speculation is OR or rumour-mongering until there is a BBC (or other reliable source) that states for a fact that she will be in further episodes. magnius (talk) 16:05, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

Overlinking
I see the overlinking has come back yet again. There are three mentions of her relatively minor character in Doctor Who. All three are wikilinked, as are Doctor Who itself and the episode she appears in. I have taken out the second set of links to make the article look a lot better and it's been changed again. I had no communication from the editor who took issue with my changes the last time around and now I'm throwing it out here for discussion, because this is a huge lot of linking for such a short article. Anybody have any ideas for improvements? Because my proposal was to take out the links from the body of the article and just leave the ones in the table and in the lead. I think we need to use some common sense here, the article is not big enough to need this kind of repetition. Sky83 (talk) 07:39, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

Tommy Williams
I did a quick bit of googling and found an article in the Telegraph that reveals that she was never engaged to Tommy Williams. magnius (talk) 18:43, 15 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Fair enough, although it helps us if these things are made known rather than just deleting sourced content. Rodhull  andemu  18:47, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

Love's Kitchen
Michelle ryan was in the box office record breaking film for WORST takings £121.00 on opening weekend, Loves Kitchen - Dougray Scott, Claire Forlani.... 194.176.105.147 (talk) 11:33, 25 July 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
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title: Talk:Michelle Ryan


text:
Extreme Celebrity Detox

Extreme Celebrity Detox is a reality television programme on Channel 4, the British public-service television broadcaster, in 2005. Fifteen British celebrities were sent to try a range of detox programmes, which aimed to enhance inner peace. The celebrities were split into four groups where they would try different detox programmes.

The celebrities and detox they tried were:
 * Tai chi: Dominik Diamond, Jilly Goolden, Catherine McQueen, Jack Osbourne
 * Tao: Brandon Block, Carol Harrison, Rebecca Loos, Normski
 * Yoga: James Brown, Magenta Devine, Lisa I'Anson, Rowland Rivron
 * Shamanism: Mina Anwar, Jo Guest, Tony Wilson

title: Extreme Celebrity Detox


text:
Talk:Building society

Netherlands
In the Netherlands, organisations exist which are called 'woningbouwvereniging'. (woningbouwvereniging) Literally translated, that word means 'building society', but it functions quite different from a UK building society.

The Dutch woningbouwvereniging is a not-for-profit society that builds and manages houses and flats it lets to its members or to others. Most of them were founded about a century ago to fight poor housing conditions for workers. There success is linked to the Woningwet law of 1901, which provided for government loans to these societies, that financed a considerable part of all building activity.

I wonder if an organisation like that exists only in the Netherlands, or if anybody knows of similar organisations in other countries. Johan Lont 10:54, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, belated reply: such an organisation sounds pretty much identical to a British housing association. AnIco 01:25, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Starred Names in the List?
What do the stars mean after some of the building societies in the table - I can't see a footnote anywhere? 82.211.86.2 09:54, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Scottish Building Societies
Template:Scottish Building Societies has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. — mholland (talk) 21:05, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Page structure
The current main sections are:

1 Origins

2 1980s and 1990s

3 List of building societies in the United Kingdom that have demutualised

4 List of building societies in the United Kingdom that no longer exist

5 Remaining building societies in the United Kingdom

6 Other countries

This doesn't seem to be a particularly useful structure, and hides the current building societies at the bottom of the page. Further, the distinction between the building societies that no longer exist, and those that have demutalised seems superficial. In all cases the former building society became all or part of a new bank or building society. I propose that the structure be changed to:

1 History

1.1 1980s and 1990s

2 List of building societies in the United Kingdom

3 List of former building societies in the United Kingdom

4 Other countries

The column headings would be Name, Fate, Successor and Year

Thelem (talk) 23:18, 21 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I concur - this would be a great improvement to the current structure. MarkyMarkD (talk) 20:39, 22 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I have re-ordered the sections as this is the easiest change and easily revertable if it is decided that the old order is better. I will continue to monitor this page and consider merging the no longer exist/demutualised tables in due course and taking into account feedback here. Thelem (talk) 22:54, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

Major changes on 18 September 2009
I really don't understand why you have made these major changes to the structure of the table included within this article.

As an aside, your edit re Dunfermline is simply wrong. Nationwide did not acquire all of Dunfermline's assets. They only cherry-picked the ones they wanted and they left the government with the rump of "bad" assets.

Regarding the layout, a single vertical list made sense and was how it's been structured for a long time. A dual column list doesn't improve anything.

If a single society ceases to exist in future, it will require possibly 51 difficult edits - moving items around the page. Currently, it just requires the renumbering of items in the list and deletion of one line.

Please explain here why you think this edit is better and see what others think before making another change this destructive to the page.

MarkyMarkD (talk) 23:03, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

ICS Building Society
I have removed ICS Building Society from the other countries section and left only EBS and Irish Nationwide. The lead paragraph of the EBS Building Society article says "it is one of only two Irish building societies owned by their members" and icsmortgages.ie says "ICS Building Society ... is a member of the Bank of Ireland Group." Tim Ivorson 2009-11-08

Line breaks
Last month, the following exchange took place in summaries of edits to the Demutalised section: I don't want to interfere now that it no longer seems to be an issue, but I'd like to mention that undesired compulsory line breaks can be avoided with non-breaking spaces. Just replace any spaces you don't want to see turned into line breaks with &nbsp; Tim Ivorson 2010-03-20

About history
Hi. It seems to me that the paragraph beginning with "In their heyday,..." could be a bit more precise: there is no way to know when all this happened. When was the heyday? Which are the "succeeding decades"? --Bretelle (talk) 12:14, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

"incorporating"
At present we have three entries with the "incorporating" text.
 * 1 Nationwide Building Society incorporating Derbyshire Building Society and Cheshire Building Society
 * 2 Yorkshire Building Society incorporating Barnsley Building Society and Chelsea Building Society
 * 4 Skipton Building Society incorporating Scarborough Building Society and Chesham Building Society

While the Derbyshire, Cheshire, Barnsley, and Chelsea brands continue in use, the Scarborough and Chesham brands have been discontinued.

I propose reverting this edit unless I'm missing something, or there's an argument for keeping it. Bazj (talk) 09:01, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks for asking me to comment. I'm not very comfortable with the proposal above.  I hadn't considered that the "incorporating" wording was related to trading names.  If it were, then Nationwide should at the very least include Dunfermline which is equally a trading name as Derbyshire or Cheshire.  But then equally well so are UCB and TMW and various other non-building society subsidiaries of Nationwide.

 * I had interpreted the "incorporating" wording as informing the reader of the recent mergers affecting each society listed. But I realise that is itself debatable, as most societies have been formed from a series of mergers.

 * Maybe we should just ditch all the "incorporating" entries, and just list the remaining brand names, particularly given that all the "incorporating" entries are also included in the "no longer exist" section? WPArgentarius (talk) 21:14, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree. No time like the present, I'll do it now. Cheers, Bazj (talk) 11:36, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

Germany
I see Bausparkassen are listed as equivalents of bs in Germany. Although the literal translation works, a Bausparkasse is not necessarily mutual (which is the point with a bs, for my understanding), but it offers a particular product, called a Bausparvertrag, which links savings and mortgage (basically, you save X Euro with low interests and are then entitled to borrow another X Euro for low interests). What really is similar to a bs, is a Sparkasse, which is a mixture of a sort of charity run by the council and offers banking, with an emphasis on savings and mortgages. It not the same as a bs, but much closer than a Bausparkasse. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.11.52.182 (talk) 19:23, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

More similar to USA's S&L or to Credit Unions ?
I know little of the banking industry but the article says: United States: In the United States, savings and loan associations have a similar organisation and purpose.

Wouldn't UK Building Societies be more similar to American Credit Unions ? If not why not ? 208.106.84.43 (talk) 02:36, 16 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Credit unions exist in the UK also, and they are quite different from building societies. Credit unions tend to be smaller, more local institutions, with few or no branches.  They only do business with members, whereas building societies, although they are mutual organisations, also take deposits from non-members.  Historically building societies (like S&Ls) focussed on savings for, and mortgages for, house purchase.--Mhockey (talk) 17:26, 16 June 2012 (UTC)
 * This information—the differences and similarities between building societies and credit unions—should be put into the article. I came to WP to find out what the difference is, found absolutely nothing in this article, absolutely nothing in the credit union article, and then, finally, the truth (I assume) here on the talk page. It needs to be in the article.—Jim10701 (talk) 00:33, 9 July 2013 (UTC)

New Zealand scams
New Zealand building societies are not subject to any prudential regulation, or government supervision, unless they take deposits in New Zealand. As a result, some offshore interests establish building societies in New Zealand which they market outside New Zealand only (eg taking deposits from investors in other countries, or issuing standby letters of credit to overseas holders). They then promote these "building societies" on the internet and in their marketing materials as if they are regulated financial institutions, when that is simply not the case. Many of these "building societies" are scams. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand has posted a caution about them on its website - including two mentioned here on Wikepedia's list: General Equity Building Society, and Kiwi Deposit Building Society. See rbnz.govt.nz at http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/finstab/nbdt/3765520.html. See also http://www.interest.co.nz/news/59966/how-nz-needs-overcome-deficiencies-bank-and-financial-institution-regulation-get-back-eu-. The RBNZ's caution needs to be added & the scam potential noted. I don't have experience editing Wikipedia pages, so would prefer it if an existing editor could do this. Otherwise I will have a stab at it. Quistclose (talk) 23:25, 4 November 2012 (UTC) Quistclose
 * I have made the change.Quistclose (talk) 02:40, 2 August 2013 (UTC)
 * An anonymous editor substituted a completely inaccurate statement about the prudential supervision of building societies, in particular those that are registered in New Zealand but that deal only with offshore depositors. Such building societies are - contrary to the previous entry - not regulated as non-bank deposit takers. In addition, the previous changes were in poor English.  They sounded like a "whitewash" attempt by somebody working for such an "offshore" building society.  I have updated and corrected the statement about the registration and prudential supervision of New Zealand building societies. I have also added the Financial Market Authority's caution of 30 September 2014 about General Equity. Quistclose (talk) 13:15, 30 September 2014(UTC)

Eagle Equity Financial Services in Kuala Lumpur are part of the General Equity group - the same directors who head General are behind the financing of Eagle although there are other people running the 'Wealth Management' side in Kuala Lumpur. The 'algae' fund is recommended by them but when researched with more detail another General Equity person is behind this fund.

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title: Talk:Building society


text:
Summer Garden

The Summer Garden (Летний сад) is a historic public garden that occupies an eponymous island between the Neva, Fontanka, Moika, and the Swan Canal in downtown Saint Petersburg, Russia and shares its name with the adjacent Summer Palace of Peter the Great. Its inception dates back to the early 18th century when Russia took these lands from Sweden in the Great Northern War. Being a monument of landscape architecture featuring original and copied sculptures of classical mythology characters, a former royal palace and a monument to the fable author Ivan Krylov, the garden is now a branch of the Saint Petersburg-based national art treasury Russian Museum.

Original
The park was personally designed by Tsar Peter in 1704, supposedly, with the assistance of the Dutch gardener and physician Nicolaas Bidloo. Starting from 1712, the planting of the Summer Garden was further elaborated by the Dutch gardener Jan Roosen, who was the chief gardener of the park till 1726. The well-known French architect Jean-Baptiste Le Blond, who arrived in St. Petersburg in 1716, added to the park the flavour of a Garden à la française. The Summer Garden was largely completed in 1719. The walks were lined with a hundred allegorical marble sculptures, executed by Francesco Penso, Pietro Baratta, Marino Gropelli, Alvise Tagliapietra, Bartolomeo Modulo and other Venetian sculptors that were acquired by Sava Vladislavich. In the late 20th century, 90 surviving statues were moved indoors, while modern replicas took their place in the park.

Later
A delicate iron-cast railing, separating the park from the public walk of the Palace Embankment, was installed between 1771 and 1784. The poet Anna Akhmatova, among others, considered the grille to be a pinnacle of art-casting and one of the symbols of St Petersburg.

In the 1820s, a grotto pavilion, attributed to Andreas Schlüter and Georg Johann Mattarnovy, was rebuilt into a coffee house. On the bank of the Carp Pond, a porphyry vase, a gift of Charles XIV of Sweden to the tsar, was installed in 1839. Fifteen years later, a famous monument to the children's writer Ivan Krylov was opened in the park. A sign of the progress of Romanticism in Russian official culture, it was the first monument to a poet erected in Eastern Europe.

On 4 April 1866 Dmitry Karakozov made the first attempt to assassinate the tsar when he walked out of the Summer Garden. As the attempt proved abortive, the ponderous Summergrille memorial chapel in a Russian Revival style was built over the gate. This reattachment was demolished by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution.

Sculptures
In the 19th century, the intended arrangement of the decorative sculptures in the Summer Garden was forgotten, quite a few of the sculptures were no longer extant, and those remaining were moved from place to place, thus destroying the original design. In late 20th century, all sculptures were rearranged and today they stand in accordance with the aesthetic ideas characteristic of the beginning of the 18th century. To protect sculptures from winter weather they have been traditionally covered with wooden cases and reopened in warm season and cleaned; to further safeguard valuable antiques, protecting them from vandalism as well, Russian Museum initiated copying them to keep in the adjacent St Michael's Castle (another branch of the same Museum), placing copies in the open garden.

title: Summer Garden


text:
User talk:Gurang

"Gurang", the registered member of Wikipedia, is a Manila-based lawyer.

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Gurang! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 2 of the articles that you created  are  Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to these articles, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 18:18, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Amelita Ramos -
 * 2) Rosemarie Arenas -

title: User talk:Gurang


text:
User:Gurang

"Gurang", a registered member of Wikipedia, is a Manila-based lawyer.

title: User:Gurang


text:
Cthulhu 500

Cthulhu 500 is a motor racing-themed card game designed by Jeff Tidball based on H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos. The game was released by Atlas Games at Gen Con 2004.

Object of the game
Players compete by racing Cthulhoid vehicles (such as the Sports Cthutility Vehicle or the Car of Cthulhu) and take turns either upgrading the vehicle or pit crew, or attempting to overtake the car in front. Once a player reaches the front of the pack, that player may attempt to overtake the rearmost vehicle and thereby gain a lap. The player with the most laps when the checkered flag card is drawn wins; in case of a tie, the front-most of the tying vehicles wins. The last-place finisher is the loser.

Reception
The reviewer from the online second volume of Pyramid stated that "Attention, racing fans. Roll down your tailgates, break out the Space Mead, and get ready for high-speed thrills. Atlas Games is waving the green flag -- at least, it looks like a flag -- and the Cthulhu 500 is underway."

The game won the Origins Awards for Best Traditional Card Game of 2004 and Gamers' Choice 2004.

title: Cthulhu 500


text:
Order of Merit of the Police Forces

The Order of Merit of the Police Forces (Ordre du mérite des corps policiers) is an honour for merit that is, within the Canadian system of honours, the only such fellowship reserved for only members of Canada's various police forces. Created in 2000, the order is administered by the Governor in Council, on behalf of the Canadian monarch. Appointment to the order recognizes conspicuous merit and exceptional service, the level of which is reflected by the organization's three hierarchical grades.

Creation
The Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police in 1996 approached the Chancellery of Honours at Rideau Hall to propose an order of merit for Canada's police forces, possibly modelled on the Order of Military Merit. This prompted the solicitor general of Canada at the time, Herb Gray, to contact his provincial counterparts, inquiring of their reactions to such idea. As consent from the provincial governments was unanimous in its approval, the society was set up and officially implemented when, on 3 October 2000, Queen Elizabeth II applied the royal sign-manual to her letters patent constituting the Order of Merit of the Police Forces. The first induction ceremony for the order then took place on 17 May 2002.

Grades and precedence
The Canadian monarch, seen as the fount of honour, is at the apex of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces as its Sovereign, followed by the governor general, who serves as the fellowship's Chancellor, and the Commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, who is the Principal Commander. Thereafter follow three grades—each having accordant post-nominal letters that are the same in both English and French. Promotions in grade are possible, though there are limits to the populations of the grades. Any person thus honoured must return their lower grade insignia, as no member may at any time hold more than one appointment in the organization. Further, within the order of preference for Canadian honours, each grade of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces precedes a similar grade of the Royal Victorian Order and succeeds a similar grade of the Order of Military Merit.

Insignia
Upon admission into the Order of Merit of the Police Forces, members are gifted various insignia of the organization, though these remain property of the Crown. The badges are similar in design to those of the Order of Military Merit, consisting of a dark blue enamelled cross pattée with four equal arms, at the centre of which is a disc bearing a maple leaf on a white enamel background, surrounded at its edge by a red enamel ring (annulus) bearing the words MERIT • MÉRITE • CANADA. Slight differences in appearance represent each grade: for Commanders, the emblem is gilt with a red enamel maple leaf in the gold central disk; for Officers, it is gilt with a gold maple leaf; and for Members, both the badge itself and the maple leaf are silver. The reverse bears only a serial number, and all are topped by a St. Edward's Crown, symbolizing that the order is headed by the sovereign. These insignia are worn with the order's ribbon, which is three bands of equal width, the outer two in blue and the centre one in golden. Male Commanders will carry their badge either at the neck or on a medal bar on the left chest, while Officers and Members display theirs only on a medal bar, suspended by, respectively, a bar of gold or silver decorated with a laurel motif. Women wear their emblems on a ribbon bow pinned at the left chest. The ribbon bar, worn for undress, is the same for each grade, save for a miniature blue cross pattée with a maple leaf, the colour of which matches that on the badge of the grade that the wearer was appointed to; someone who has been promoted within the order may wear on their ribbon bar the pins of all grades that they have occupied. These same miniatures also serves as a lapel pin for civilian wear.

Eligibility and appointment
To qualify for induction into the Order of Merit of the Police Forces, individuals must be, at the time of appointment, an active member of any of Canada's police services, including criminal investigators, patrol officers, administrators, trainers, and researchers. Either civilians or the advisory committee of the local branch of the Association of Chiefs of Police will forward names to the national advisory committee, which then makes its recommendation to the Advisory Committee for the Order of Merit of the Police Forces. This latter group consists of the President of the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police, who acts as chairperson, one of the Deputy Commissioners of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the President of the Canadian Police Association, one head of a provincial police force, three chiefs of municipal or regional police forces, the Deputy Secretary of the Chancellery of Honours, and two additional persons appointed by the governor general for between three and five years; the Secretary to the Governor General serves as the Secretary General of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces.

Approximately 50 individuals are admitted to the order each year; the total is limited to 0.1% of the total number of employees of police services in Canada in the preceding year. No more than six percent of those appointed to the order in total may be inducted as Commanders and no more than 30% may be made Officers. Inductions are also not made posthumously, though members of foreign armed forces can be admitted as honorary members in any grade.

Removal
The constitution of the order allows for the removal of members. Three terminations have occurred: Royal Canadian Mounted Police sergeant Warren S. Gherasim, appointed to the order in 2006, was removed from the rolls in 2010 for receiving a disgraceful conduct sanction. Former City of Victoria Chief of Police Frank Elsner appointed in 2011 was terminated February 3, 2021. He had resigned in 2017. Retired Inspector Glenn Trivett of the Ontario Provincial Police was terminated September 23, 2020.

title: Order of Merit of the Police Forces


text:
Willis Building (London)

The Willis Building is a commercial skyscraper in London named after the primary tenant, Willis Group. It is located on Lime Street in the City of London financial district.

The building was designed by Norman Foster and developed by British Land. It stands opposite the Lloyd's building and is 125 m tall, with 26 storeys. It features a "stepped" design with setbacks rising at 97 m and 68 m. In total, there are 475000 sqft of office floor-space, most of which was pre-let to the insurance broker Willis.

History
The Willis Building was constructed between 2004 and 2008 under the management of Mace and represented a significant addition to the City of London skyline at the time, becoming its fourth-tallest building after Tower 42, 30 St Mary Axe and CityPoint. The core was topped out in July 2006 and the steelwork completed in September that year. Cladding began in July 2006 and the structure was externally completed by June 2007. It was internally fitted out and officially opened in April 2008.

The building was the first in a wave of new tall towers for London's primary financial district. Others included 22 Bishopsgate, the Leadenhall Building and the Heron Tower.

title: Willis Building (London)


text:
Lake Sherwood (Kansas)

Lake Sherwood is a man-made lake located near the city limits, southwest of Topeka, Kansas, United States. The name is also used for the surrounding community.

title: Lake Sherwood (Kansas)


text:
Talk:Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too/to do

 * Add a paragraph or two on how the album fits in the development of music.
 * Remove subjective interpretation of each track.


text:
Talk:Typographical conventions in mathematical formulae

As found in Roman letters used in mathematics votes for deleation article, this article was the brainchild of mikka, and the two links on the article is my idea. I think both are good ideas and both this article and my two articles should be merged!

American and European differences
I've added some rudimentary information on American mathematical typography. I wish I could locate Knuth's lecture notes on "Mathematical typography"; I found a PDF of them online one time, but don't remember where.

Please add more information about mathematical typography, and in particular about the parts that are different between American and European style. For example, I'm given to understand that many European journals use upright Latin letters and/or italic Greek letters?

I don't know if this article should turn into "dos and don'ts of math writing," but if it does, I've got plenty. :) --Quuxplusone 22:56, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm European, but I've no idea how European conventions should differ from what's presented as American in the article. (I must confess I've never publshed anything in a European journal, however.) Is there really any difference here? (Well, I say $$\cdot$$ and you say $$\times$$; I say 0,5 and you say 0.5 - so let's call the whole thing off... But other than taht?)--Niels Ø (noe) (talk) 21:58, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

mathematization joke
I noticed the red link "mathematization" joke. Did this exist before? I think somewhere a bit more should be said about that. E.g. the standard use (almost "meaning") of \epsilon, and also e.g. "x,y" for real variables against "k,m,n,..." for integer variables. (Just ran across the latter). Information on this is quite dispersed; this page and other existing pages (Roman letters used in mathematics) are not featured richly enough on this, imho. — MFH:Talk 17:30, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Typographical conventions or notational conventions
Although the topics may have some overlap, I think it is worthwhile to distinguish between typographical conventions (how formulae are actually typeset: how the font size of a superscript relates to the main text; when three dots are raised or on the baseline; where thin spaces are inserted; ...) and general conventions in mathematical notation (such as the use of single-letter names for variables, but multi-letter names for specific functions and operators; various uses of super- and subscripts; parentheses; function application; infix|postfix|ambifix operators; ellipses; abuse of notation; ...). In my opinion the latter topic — conventions in mathematical notation — warrants a separate article. Lambiam Talk 03:13, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Point well taken, Lambiam!—PaulTanenbaum (talk) 03:03, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

Mathematical Joke
I can't find this joke anywhere? What is it? The Roc 1217 06:32, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Yes, please tell us the joke. It's not fair to tease like that. 130.231.106.133 (talk) 12:27, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

Globalize
I've added a Globalize tag since this article explicitly states repeated that the conventions apply only to America. However I'm not actually convinced that they do (!) and if anyone can give an authoritative answer saying that they are not then we can probably remove the tag. --Neil (talk) 09:59, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I think the point is that the text is pointedly written as applying to the USA, and there are no citations or examples to suggest otherwise.
 * I've added some international citations (well, actually NIST isn't strictly international, but it conforms to the other two citations), and a new section. I trust other editors will respect this contribution that is backed by very reputable references, even if the editor themself doesn't use the conventions described.
 * I've tried to summarise key points in layman's terms.
 * As alluded to in another post, I too have not attempted to cover issues such as "How close should an integral sign be written to a fraction bar?" or "When should we use '÷', and when '/'?"
 * —DIV (120.17.126.118 (talk) 04:02, 23 January 2017 (UTC))

 * By the way, I forgot to add that although international conventions are becoming established, historically I imagine there may have been very large differences between typographical conventions in mathematical formulæ around the world, in places as diverse as the Middle East, India, Japan, South America, etc.
 * —DIV (120.17.126.118 (talk) 04:07, 23 January 2017 (UTC))

AMS style guide
I have tagged the article with npov, because the recommendations of the American Mathematical Society are totally ignored, although AMS is a major authority for mathematics, and the authorities that are cited are generally not recognized, and even ignored by mathematicians.

I have added the reference of the AMS stye guide to the article, but the article must be totally rewritten to follow this style guide, and to clarify its diffference with other recommendations and other conventions that are used outside mathematics. (As "mathematical" appears in the article title, more emphasis must be given to the conventions that are used in mathematics than to the conventions that are used in other scientific areas.) D.Lazard (talk) 10:22, 28 May 2021 (UTC)

Making this article a redirect
This article is tagged for multiple issues for several years. WP:TNT seems the only way for fixing these issues and some more for which the article is not tagged. Indeed, despite its title, the article contains nothing about typography (except a citation of Knuth), and does not present any commonly used typographical convention (if any exists), as it talks only on mathematical notation. If one removes form the article everything that is WP:OR and/or disputed, everything that remains is more accurately described in Mathematical notation

Therefore, I’ll redirect this article to Mathematical notation. This does not mean that there is no need of an article about typography in mathematics, but, presently, there is more on this subject in the proposed target than in this article. D.Lazard (talk) 09:27, 27 February 2023 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Perpetuity

Can we add a formula?
Would be good to have the formula for a perpetuity in the article - Present Value (perpetuity) = Annual Cash Flow / discount rate

PV = CF / r Jeffme 05:21, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Done. Though it might be confusing as it is preceded by the sentence from an earlier author, "Additionally, because the principal is never repaid, there is no present value for the principal." -B0mbrman 17:43, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

B0mbrman - I'm not sure I'm happy with that sentence - a perpetual annuity does have a present value (as demonstrated by the formula shown). I'd appreciate peoples' thoguhts on removing this sentence. Foggy1974 15:59, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The sentence is techically correct, but I think what may have got misplaced in edits is the comparison with a typical bond, which has a principal that is repaid at the final maturity date. Take a look at the change I've made and see if it makes more sense now.--Gregalton 16:49, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

Huh?
This article seems like it was written by financial geeks for financial geeks. Could someone please simplify it so the ordinary reader can understand it. Perhaps someone could give a step-by-step example of the calculation, and break out exactly what PV, A, and r represent. What is 'A'? Is it the dividend yield? What is 'r'? Also, the U.K.-specific stuff makes it confusing. I have no idea what a "pence per pound" is. Why do I care if the bond is used for war or not? 130.76.96.14 00:48, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Yes, this page is by financial geeks, for financial geeks. I'm not sure why you would be researching perpetuities if you're not a financial geek. Hydraskull 18:21, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Savings account not a perpetuity
Savings accounts are not generally considered perpetuities because the rate paid (the periodic cash payment) is not fixed, but will fluctuate at the will of the bank. And, there is a surrender value (the cash amount of the deposit) that is a fixed amount. So I will remove this unless there is a better reason to leave it.--Gregalton 22:42, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Perpetuity with Variable Payment amount?
Would this ever happen? I.E., a stock that pays annual dividends forever, with each dividend being 3% greater than the previous dividend. Is there a formula to determine the present value for that?Hydraskull 18:28, 3 May 2007 (UTC).

See the time value of money pages. A variable perpetuity, no; a perpetuity with a fixed rate of growth is easy: instead of A / r, it's A / (r-g). Note that g must be smaller than r and there are some other restrictions or the answers can become nonsensical or undefined.--Gregalton 21:52, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Floating rate perpetuities, known as income securities or hybrid securities, are traded on the Australian Securities Exchange. BOQPC and NABHA are examples. They generally pay a fixed premium to the current interbank 3 month rate. Qemist (talk) 04:16, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Duplicating information in page titled 'Perpetuity'?
The page 'Perpetutity' seems to duplicate some of the information here. As a Perpetual Bond is, in effect, a Perpetuity, should we merge these two pages and redirect one page to another?

Foggy1974 15:59, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

Add example of motivation behind issuing a perpetuity
I would like to know the motivation behind issuing/creating a perpetuity - it's basically a paper that guarantees that you get a fixed amount of money every x amount of time (inflation price fix included?). Why would anyone issue a perpetuity in the first place, I can't see the benefit of it long time. Would help me in better understanding the topic if an historical example (Britain) was included in the article on the why. Thanks, --SkyHiRider (talk) 20:38, 23 February 2012 (UTC)

 * They were really hard up on cashes. Hence the use for war. The interest rate is peanuts. Really I have no idea, I would like to know. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 00:26, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

Merger proposal
Consol (bond) Perpetual bond and Perpetuity are all too close, and should be merged into one single page. --cfp (talk) 12:33, 10 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I think that Consol (bond) should remain separate as it is a particular type of historical perpetual bond (from either the US or UK government), and is sufficiently distinctive to be discussed independently. I agree, though, that Perpetual bond and Perpetuity heavily overlap and are best merged. Klbrain (talk) 14:48, 6 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Generally think they should all be kept separate as Perpetual Bond is slightly different to Perpetuity, but no strong opinion. If they were going to be merged I think the final article should be Perpetual Bond as this has a more globally recognised name. Sargdub (talk) 02:14, 26 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Definitely should be kept separate. As I understand it, the purpose of Wikipedia is not to build a logical structure that contains and relates all human knowledge, but rather to make knowledge available to people who seek it.  This morning I read an article that caught my eye about Yale's perpetual Dutch bond ("Infinity has a price", Yale Alumni Magazine March/April 2023).  I was left struggling to understand how it could ever make sense to issue such an instrument because the magazine article didn't address the topic at that fundamental level.  Naturally, my first thought was "look in Wikipedia."  So into the search box I typed the most simple descriptor -- the same one the Yale Magazine had used in it the first line of the article -- "perpetual bond".   Bingo!  My trust in Wikipedia was justified. In the very first line some Wikipedian(s) went right to the core issue: this instrument in some ways is like equity, and in others like debt.  Yes, admittedly even though I didn't know the term "consol", if redirection was properly set my search probably would have pointed to the proposed combined article.  But then I'd be left trying to sort out a complicated maze of terminology which is only tangential to the essence of "perpetual bond".  We can't lose sight of access, it is the essence of Wikipedia.  Everyone who comes to the short article on "Perpetual Bond" will have an opportunity to follow the links to "Consol (bond)" and "Perpetuity" (bond, not sculpture), and further and deeper as they may choose.Paugus (talk) 17:25, 11 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Perpetuity


text:
Talk:Sacromonte

[Untitled]
A Winner of the September 2005 West Dakota Prize This entry, one of an unprecedented 52, has won the September 2005 West Dakota Prize, awarded for successfully employing the expression "legend states''" in a complete sentence. -

I have added this information to supply a reference for a link in the Gospel of Barnabas entry TomHennell 3rd June 2005

Thanks Wetman, I have re-edited the entry around term "legend states", to discuss the context and function of the legend (although from pure cussedness, I have retained the term itself). TomHennell 13th Jan 2006 TomHennell 11:39, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Gitanos
Isn't Sacromonte an area heavy with Gitanos excelling in Flamenco? --Error 01:11, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Sacromonte is a neighborhood of Granada!!
Sacromonte is a neighborhood of the city of Granada! Also it is an abbey, in this neighborhood but it(he) is priority that the article "Sacromonte" is on the neighborhood. 83.59.103.177 19:41, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

The Name Cecil - Question and Thought
I have heard that "Cecil" means "blind". What language it comes from is never stated. Recently I heard that Saint Cecil was blind and, I think, cured of his blindness by Jesus. Also he was one of the Moriscos of Spain in granada, ie a converted Arab to Cristianity (in its infancy, indeed). I can't find any of this in wikipedia, but do wonder about it, because, my name being Cecil, and Saint Cecil being a Moor, an Arab, and blind just as the name is described, Does this mean then that the Arabic word for blind is something similar to the name Cecil. An answer of some kind would be great. Cecil

title: Talk:Sacromonte


text:
Central Land Council

The Central Land Council (CLC) is a land council that represents the Aboriginal peoples of the southern half of the Northern Territory of Australia (NT), predominantly with regard to land issues. it is one of four land councils in the Northern Territory, and covers the Central Australia region. The head office is located in Alice Springs.

History
The council has its origins in the struggle of Australian Aboriginal people for rights to fair wages and land. This included the strike and walk off by the Gurindji people at Wave Hill cattle station in 1966.

The Commonwealth Government of Gough Whitlam set up the Aboriginal Land Rights Commission, a Royal Commission, in February 1973 to inquire into how land rights might be achieved in the Northern Territory. Justice Woodward's first report in July 1973 recommended that a Central Land Council and a Northern Land Council be established in order to present to him the views of Aboriginal people. In response to the report of the Royal Commission a Land Rights Bill was drafted, but the Whitlam government was dismissed before it was passed.

The Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (ALRA) was eventually passed by the Fraser government on 16 December 1976, and began operation on Australia Day (26 January) 1977. This Act established the basis upon which Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory could, for the first time, claim rights to land based on traditional occupation. In effect it allowed title to be transferred of most of the Aboriginal reserve lands and the opportunity to claim other land not owned, leased or being used by someone else. The passing of the ALRA also gave statutory powers and responsibilities to land councils.

Background and description
The Central Land Council is one of four Land Councils in the Northern Territory. The Northern Land Council, covering the Top End, is the largest, followed by CLC, with the Tiwi Land Council, covering Bathurst and Melville Islands north of Darwin, and Anindilyakwa Land Council, covering Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria, much smaller entities. Until 1998, the land councils operated as statutory authorities, and they continue to operate in accordance with the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976 (ALRA). They are also representative bodies with responsibilities under the Native Title Act 1993.

The Central Land Council region covers 771,747 km2 of remote, rugged and often inaccessible areas. There are 18,000 Aboriginal people from 15 different Aboriginal language groups in Central Australia. The region is divided into nine regions based on these language groups.

Aims and functions
Its aims include:
 * Helping traditional owners lodge native title claims and helping to resolve disputes
 * Consulting with landowners on mining activity, employment, development and other land use proposals
 * Protecting Aboriginal culture and sacred sites
 * Assisting with economic projects on Aboriginal land
 * Promoting community development and improving service delivery
 * Running the permit system for visitors to Aboriginal land

Land Rights News
In April 1976, the CLC published the first edition of Central Australian Land Rights News, which ran until August 1984. In July 1976, the Northern Land Council (NLC) launched Land Rights News: A Newsletter for Aboriginals and Their Friends. A major goal of these newspapers was not only to provide information to Aboriginal people on land rights issues, but also to correct misinformation, provide in-depth coverage of native title issues, and to challenge the stereotypes represented in mainstream newspapers in Australia, and to encourage its readers to take action.

In September 1985 the two land councils pooled their resources to start producing Land Rights News: One Mob, One Voice, One Land (LRN).

In 1988, the newspaper won special citation in the UNAA Media Peace Awards. The judges' report said "Land Rights News serves the national Aboriginal community by keeping it informed of events and achievements and sustaining the community's spirit. It also represents a brave attempt to close the communications gap between Aboriginal and white communities. For that, it deserves special praise". At that time, the paper was under the editorship of NLC director John Ah Kit and CLC director Pat Dodson. In the same year, it won a Print Newspaper Award from the Australian Human Rights Commission.

In 2002, Aboriginal journalist Todd Condie left the Koori Mail after ten years, to work on Land Rights News.

From 2011 and, Land Rights News is published three times a year in two editions: "Central Australia" and "Northern Edition", and remains the longest-running Aboriginal newspaper. It is also the only printed newspaper published in Central Australia.

Office locations
the office locations of the CLC are in the following locations (approx. north to south):

 * Kalkaringi
 * Lajamanu
 * Tennant Creek
 * Alparra
 * Yuendumu
 * Ti Tree
 * Atitjere
 * Papunya
 * Alice Springs (Head Office)
 * Mutitjulu

Communities and councils

 * Arrernte Council

title: Central Land Council


text: User talk:81.27.69.100

title: User talk:81.27.69.100


text:
Lava (programming language)

Lava is an experimental, visual object-oriented, interpreter-based programming language with an associated programming environment (Lava Programming Environment or LavaPE) that uses structure editors instead of text editors. Only comments, constants, and new identifiers may be entered as text.

Declarations are represented in LavaPE as tree structures whose subtrees may be collapsed or expanded. The properties of the declared Lava entities can be edited through pop-up dialogs.

Although executable code has a traditional text representation in LavaPE, it can be edited only as complete syntactic units, rather than character by character. If you insert a new syntactic construct, it will typically contain "placeholders" (syntactic variables) that can then be replaced by concrete constructs; the latter may in turn contain syntactic variables, etc. LavaPE provides a tool button for every type of syntactic construct, and a button is enabled only if it is syntactically correct to insert the associated construct at the selected place.

Further characteristic properties of Lava and LavaPE include the following:
 * It provides strict syntactic separation of interface (public) and implementation (private) sections of a Lava class.
 * It distinguishes variable "state objects" from constant "value objects"; the latter cannot be modified any longer after creation/initialization.
 * It supports "virtual types": type parameters of classes and packages (families of related classes). As a consequence, undermining of strong type checks by "type casts" is no longer required.
 * It uses recursion and logical quantifiers instead of traditional loop constructs.
 * It uses single assignment; i.e., a value can be assigned to a variable only once within the same branch of a function.
 * It supports refactoring extensively via the LavaPE structure editors.
 * It distinguishes between constituents (sub-objects) and object acquaintances (pointers to independent objects). Copying and deletion of complex objects is largely facilitated in this way.
 * Since release 0.9.0, LavaPE completely prevents inadvertent access to uninitialized variables and null objects already at programming time by complete static initialization checks.

Lava is open source software using the GPL license (see also Lava at the Free Software Foundation and at KDE-Apps.org). It currently runs on Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS X platforms.

title: Lava (programming language)


text:
Stephen Elliott (actor)

Elliott Pershing Stitzel (November 27, 1918 – May 21, 2005), better known by his stage name Stephen Elliott, was an American actor. His best known roles were that of the prospective father-in-law, Burt Johnson, in the hit 1981 film Arthur and as Chief Hubbard in the 1984 blockbuster Beverly Hills Cop.

Theatre
From 1940 to 1942, Elliott studied acting with Sanford Meisner at New York's Neighborhood Playhouse. After serving in World War II with the United States Merchant Marine, he started a successful career on Broadway with his debut in Shakespeare's The Tempest; two years later, Elliott was selected by Robert Lewis to be one of The Actors Studio's founding members.

In 1967, Elliott was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for Marat/Sade. Two years later, he won the Drama Desk Award for A Whistle in the Dark. Additional Broadway credits include King Lear, The Miser, Georgy, The Crucible, and The Creation of the World and Other Business.

Television
Elliott's television credits include the role of Jane Wyman's first husband, newspaper publisher Douglas Channing, in Falcon Crest, General Padget in Columbo, Harold W. Smith in the 1988 television adaptation of Remo Williams, Texan millionaire attorney Scotty Demarest in Dallas, and Judge Harold Aldrich in Chicago Hope. He also appeared in the "Murder! Murder!" episode of The Eddie Capra Mysteries. In 1981 he had a small role as the newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst in the TV serial Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years. Elliott appeared in Highway To Heaven  episodes "Thoroughbreds: Part 1" and "Thoroughbreds: Part 2" with Helen Hunt and Michael Landon 1985. He was a member of the regular cast of the short-lived 1988 situation comedy Trial and Error.

Radio
In 1981, Elliott played the role of Bail Organa, father of Princess Leia, in the radio drama adaptation of Star Wars.

Personal life
Elliott was born Elliott Pershing Stitzel in New York City. His marriage to Barbara Blaise was terminated by divorce in February 1947, according to The Kingston Daily Freeman (Kingston, NY), 4 October 1947, page 3. He married stage actress Nancy Chase on 9 October 1947 (Billboard, 18 October 1947, p. 47) and divorced in 1960. They had two children, Jency and Jon.

He married his third wife, actress Alice Hirson, in 1980; they met on Broadway in 1964. Hirson appeared for several seasons in a recurring role as Mavis Anderson, close friend of Ellie Ewing Farlow, on the television series Dallas, although her character never interacted with Elliot’s Scotty Demerest.

Elliott died in 2005 in Woodland Hills, California as result of congestive heart failure.

Partial filmography

 * Monodrama Theater (DuMont TV series, 1953)
 * Three Hours to Kill (1954) - Sheriff Ben East
 * Canyon Crossroads (1955) - Larson
 * The Proud and Profane (1956)
 * Street of Sinners (1957) - Bit part
 * The Hospital (1971) - Dr. Sundstrom
 * Death Wish (1974) - Police Commissioner
 * The Gun (1974) - Art Hilliard
 * Report to the Commissioner (1975) - Police Commissioner
 * The Hindenburg (1975) - Captain Fellows
 * Columbo: A Deadly State of Mind (1975, TV Series) - Carl Donner
 * Young Joe, the Forgotten Kennedy (1977) - Joseph Kennedy Sr.
 * Hawaii Five-O (1978, Episode: "Deadly Courier") - Enslow
 * Dallas (1980-1987, TV Series) - Attorney Scotty Demarest
 * Cutter's Way (1981) - J. J. Cord
 * Arthur (1981) - Burt Johnson
 * My Body, My Child (1982) - Edgar
 * Prototype (1983, TV Movie) - Dr. Arthur Jarrett
 * Benson (1984) - Whitey Endicott
 * Beverly Hills Cop (1984) - Chief Hubbard
 * Roadhouse 66 (1985) - Sam
 * Murder, She Wrote: Armed Response (1985) - Dr. Sam
 * Assassination (1987) - Fitzroy
 * Perry Mason Movie: The Case of the Lost Love (1987, TV Series) - Elliot Moore
 * Walk Like a Man (1987) - Walter Welmont
 * Vultures (1987) - Theater Attendant
 * Trial and Error (1988, TV series) - Edmund Kittie
 * Arthur 2: On the Rocks (1988) - Burt Johnson
 * Remo Williams: The Prophecy (1988) - Dr. Harold W. Smith
 * When He's Not a Stranger (1989, TV Movie) - Attorney Foster
 * Columbo: Grand Deceptions (1989, TV Series) - General Padget
 * Taking Care of Business (1990) - Walter
 * The Big One: The Great Los Angeles Earthquake (1990, TV Movie) - Owen

title: Stephen Elliott (actor)


text:
Governor of the Falkland Islands

The governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in His Majesty's name and on His Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch. The role and powers of the governor are set out in Chapter II of the Falkland Islands Constitution. The governor in office resides at Government House, which serves as the official residence.

History
The history of the leadership on the islands is closely related to the history of the Falkland Islands themselves. The first settlement on the islands was at Port St. Louis and was led by Louis Antoine de Bougainville, the administrator of the French settlement which started in 1764 and ended three years later. The first leader of a British settlement was John McBride, captain of HMS Jason, in 1766 at Port Egmont (the settlement being established a year earlier). The French settlement of Port St. Louis was transferred to the Spanish in 1767 and renamed Puerto Soledad, the first Spanish military administrator being Felipe Ruíz Puente. The British chose to withdraw from many overseas settlements in 1776 owing to the pressure of the American War of Independence. The Spanish settlement ended in 1811 as a result of the Peninsular War.

In 1829 Luis Vernet was proclaimed Military and Civil Commander of Puerto Luis (the Falklands) by the United Provinces of South America, which elicited a protest from the British government. In 1831, Vernet seized three US vessels and imprisoned their crews for contravening his regulations on sealing, prompting a raid by the USS Lexington. In response, the United Kingdom sent a task force to reassert British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in 1833. The Falklands were then settled, mainly by people from Wales and Scotland.

The first governor of the Falklands was Richard Clement Moody, who was governor from 1841 to 1848 (the post was renamed 'governor' from 'lieutenant-governor' in 1843). Moody selected the site for and founded Stanley and Moody Brook is named after him. There was then a British government on the islands until 1982 when the Falklands were invaded and occupied by Argentina for 74 days. During this time, the British governor (Sir Rex Hunt) was expelled and General of Brigade Mario Menéndez was appointed 'Military Governor of the Malvinas, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands' (Gobernador Militar de las Islas Malvinas, Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur) by the Argentine military junta.

Following the Argentine surrender at the end of the Falklands War, the British governor returned and it was decided that the government of the Falkland Islands should be modernised. In 1985 the Constitution of the Falklands came into force which greatly reduced the power of the governor, making the office more accountable to the Executive Council of the Falkland Islands and creating in law a new post of Chief Executive, to which many powers of the governor were delegated. In 2009 a new constitution was established which further defined the role and powers of the governor.

Appointment and powers
The governor is appointed by the King on the advice of his secretary of state for foreign and Commonwealth affairs in the United Kingdom. The appointment is actually made by a royal commission under the royal sign-manual.

Under the Constitution, executive authority of the Falkland Islands is vested in the King, and his authority is exercised on his behalf by the governor. The governor normally only executes executive power on the advice of the Executive Council of the Falkland Islands, which consists of three elected members of the Legislative Assembly, the chief executive and the director of finance. In addition, the attorney general and the commander of the British Forces in the South Atlantic attend council meetings by invitation, although they cannot vote in the council meetings. The governor also acts as the presiding officer of the Executive Council.

Acting on the advice of the Executive Council, the governor has the power to call a meeting of the Executive Council, dissolve the Legislative Assembly and call a general election by proclamation, recall a dissolved Assembly, give royal assent to laws passed by the Legislative Assembly, and disallow or reintroduce a law passed by the Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the members and can remove members of the Advisory Committee on the Prerogative of Mercy after consulting the Legislative Assembly. On the advice of the advisory committee, the governor may grant pardons to anyone convicted of any offence, as well as commute or remit any sentence of any person convicted on the islands.

In most cases, the governor must consult with the Executive Council and accept its advice. There are exceptions, however, set out in the constitution, when the governor is permitted to not consult the council and even go against its advice, but in this eventuality, the governor is required to inform the secretary of state in the United Kingdom of the reasons for this action, and in the case of blocking laws passed by the Legislative Assembly, the secretary of state must give prior authorisation. Under section 67 of the constitution, the governor may go against the advice of the council if in his or her judgement, it would be right to do so in the interests of good governance or if such advice would affect external affairs, defence, internal security (including the police), administration of justice, audit, appointments to the public service, the discipline and removal from office of public officers, and the management of the public service. In all these instances the members of the Executive Council can appeal to the secretary of state.

The governor is also responsible for the defence and internal security of the Falklands (with the exception of police matters), although the governor is constitutionally obliged to consult with the commander of the British Forces on such matters.

Acting governor
If the office of governor ever becomes vacant or if the incumbent governor is absent from the Falklands or unable to perform his or her duties, the King, on the advice of his secretary of state, can appoint an acting governor under section 24 of the constitution. The acting governor must take the oath before assuming office and has all the powers and duties of the governor until a new governor is appointed or the incumbent governor is able to carry on with his or her duties.

Oath or affirmation
Under section 23(3) of the constitution, before entering upon the functions of his or her office, the governor must take the oath of allegiance and the oath of office. The wording for the oath of office is specified in Annex B to the Constitution: "'I, name, do swear (or solemnly affirm) that I will well and truly serve His Majesty King Charles the Third, His Heirs and Successors, and the people of the Falkland Islands, and will uphold the Constitution and other laws in force in the Falkland Islands, in the office of Governor. (So help me God.)'"

title: Governor of the Falkland Islands


text:
Category:2005 in rail transport

This category is for rail transport in the year 2005

title: Category:2005 in rail transport


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jordan Segall

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedied. — Xezbeth 19:29, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

Jordan Segall
I originally tagged this for speedy deletion as "little or no content", but the tag was removed. Segall gets 15 hits on Google, and none of them appear to establish notability. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:24, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy, period. Entire article is "Jordan Segall is a noted University of Chicago scholar". The creator can't even be bothered to tell us in which field - but we have to reasearch it to discuss notability. If he is notable let someone else create a proper article later! --Doc (?) 12:50, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. "Jordan Segal" + Chicago gets 5 google hits (none relevant), ergo this "scholar" is not "noted". -- BD2412 talk 13:02, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete for lack of content. Also this google search has one relevant link (a massive list of signatures). He's completely unnotable. --Scimitar 14:02, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Does not destinguish how he is notable
 * Delete. I'm normally rather keen on turning stub articles on tenured academics and top researchers into proper articles, but searching the University of Chicago website finds a strong suggestion that a Mr Jordan Dentler Segall is an undergraduate, and therefore not worth an article . Average Earthman 14:12, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I UC-Hyde Park searched him, and he comes up as both staff and student.  Though there's a slight possibility that he's a remarkable grad student with significant publications... there's a better chance that he's not.216.158.31.195 16:50, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. Not to mention lack of content. --Etacar11 18:19, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, lack of content, context and relevant google hits. Noted scholars have a web presence in this era. Mgm|(talk) 19:26, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * This article qualifies for speedy deletion following article criterion 1. So done. Denni ☯ 03:07, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .