text:
Talk:PC-BSD

Comments
I'm the author of the pcbsd.org website, and I dont really see a copyright problem here :) ''(Unsigned by 22:54, 2 Jun 2005 User:24.20.191.244)

current codebase?
I've been digging through the release notes (http://www.pcbsd.org/content/view/27/11/) and can't find anything to indicate that the underlying FreeBSD codebase has been upped from 7.0-STABLE. Anyone know different? I just added 7.0.1 and 7.0.2 to version table and have to assume that 7.0-STABLE is still what's "under-the-hood". I left in small '[?]'s because one might expect it was updated to 7.0-RELEASE. Someone please update (remove '[?]'s and, if needed, change FBSD version). Kace7 (talk) 20:41, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

It states on thier homepage that PCBSD 8.0 is based on FreeBSD 8 -Stable. 81.23.50.232 (talk) 12:49, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Compatability.
i was wondering if anyone could answer my question on compatability with programs programed for windows. it sounds like i would like this OS alot but i have far to much money invested into my gaming library to just drop it and go with this OS. so can you tell me what you have done so far as that?

 * You can always multi-boot (have more than one OS on your computer). In this way, you can boot into your windows partition and play games. When finished reboot into BSD. Easy. --Felipe1982

 * Just like on Linux you can run windows programs under WINE, which among other things add Direct3D/DirectX support (OpenGL runs native on PC-BSD). MRqtH2

 * I'm using PC-BSD right now, and it does indeed have Wine, thus you can run Windows games. You could perhaps run PC-BSD on an old "experimental" computer, so you can toy around with it some.

+ Oh yeah, it has Virtualbox as well, so you could run the entire Windows OS if you wanted (...but why would you wanna do that?) —ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ ( ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ ) 02:11, 1 September 2009 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.pcbsd.com.br/
 * In PC-BSD on Mon Jul 17 14:20:41 2006, Socket Error: (-2, 'Name or service not known')
 * In PC-BSD on Thu Jul 27 00:26:55 2006, Socket Error: (-2, 'Name or service not known')

maru  (talk)  contribs 04:27, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Package Management
At the bottom of the package management section, there is a passage which is unclear. Is this statement supposed to be 'good' or 'bad'?
 * The PC-BSD project claims its style of package management, which is similar to that of major operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, is one which most other Unix-like systems struggle with. Felipe1982 04:24, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

X claims that Y which has quality Z,is one which most N have problems with.

 * The article now states "The PC-BSD package management system aims to be similar to that of major operating systems such as most Linux distributions, where applications are installed from a single downloaded file with graphical prompts, rather than the traditional package management systems that many Unix-like systems use." Which Linux distro uses a similar approach? Most, if not all, Linux distros still use repositories. Previously the article had Windows, instead of Linux, which was true. Why was it changed to Linux? I think it ought to be changed back to Windows (and Mac OS X can added too). If no one objects, I'll change it to Windows and Mac OS X. Ujwal10101 (talk) 16:50, 12 April 2009 (UTC)

 * The article says "PC-BSD also contains a package management system which allows users to graphically install pre-built software packages from a single downloaded executable file, something uncommon on open source operating systems.", which to me sounds like "PC-BSD has a package manager, and other operating systems don't". I think it would be more clear to say "PC-BSD's preferred method of installing programs is executable files, similar to installation on Windows, and different than most Open Source operating systems, which use a centralized package manager". My sentence doesn't flow as well though.. Korin43 (talk) 19:47, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

GPL vs BSD?
The article says GPL conflicts BSD license ideology. The nature of the BSD license is permissive, enabling users to use code, and even close it. So I'm wondering, how can GPLing the code be against the BSD license philosophy when the license itself permits any kind of usage? Either that part of the article is wrong, or BSD license does not reflect the BSD license philosophy (!?). Or am I mistaken? --Paxcoder (talk) 14:29, 26 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I think we need to know who is making this claim before we can evaluate it. Who are "some people"? Aardvark92 (talk) 18:14, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Umm... I didn't say "some people". I said "the article" if you refer to that. You can lookup the author. To be frank, I don't really care. --Paxcoder (talk) 20:02, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Sorry if I wasn't clear. The article says "some people say GPL conflicts with BSD license ideology." But who says that? There are no sources cited. I've put a weasel words tag on it, but maybe this section should be deleted if it can't be verified. Aardvark92 (talk) 22:11, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

 * OK, the closest I've been able to find on the GPL vs BSD controversy is this email from Theo de Raadt of Open BSD, and this Slashdot article. Both of these explain a little about the BSD philosophy, but neither addresses PC-BSD specifically. Aardvark92 (talk) 16:33, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

Because the BSD licence is *truly* free. Its very simple. All it does is disclaim liability and tell you that you can do virtually what you want (including making non-free derivitives). Whereas the GPL is a complex licence which *forces* you to be free and make anything derivitive free as well(it is copyleft). The GPL is also a viral licence. Thats why many commercial software houses and hardware vendors are reuluctant to write drivers for linux, as they (if compiled as kernel modules) must be GPLed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.23.50.232 (talk) 12:52, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Reverse timeline ?
In Section Release history, timeline starts (from 2006) at bottom & finishes (to 2011) at top. Whereas accompanying box for release history start at top (from 2006, ver 1.0) & finishes at bottom (2011, ver 8.2). Since they are placed side by side, it creates confusion. I tried putting order:reverse, however it gives error that reverse order can only be used if DateFormat is yyyy. So only solution is to reverse the release history box (which wont look good) or to remove the timeline. Abhishek Kohli (talk) 10:27, 29 June 2011 (UTC)

supported desktop environments
Since 9.0BETA1 are other desktop environments (GNOME, LXDE and Xfce) supported. Does anyone could write this in the article? My English is not good enough, to update the text for that. Thanks an greeting from (the Dresden University of Applied Sciences in) Dresden — Preceding unsigned comment added by PaulRg (talk • contribs) 19:46, 10 August 2011 (UTC)

dead citation link
citation link 1 is... not dead in the sense that it yields a 404 error, but nonetheless gone. I clicked it and it had become one of those stupid placeholder "this website is for sale!" sites filled with irrelevant search result links. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.142.130.48 (talk) 02:31, 21 August 2011 (UTC)

Commercial availability
In this diff, a link to a vendor of commercially available hardware with PCBSD preinstalled was removed as link spam:

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PC-BSD&curid=1950950&diff=493903776&oldid=493903034

Although I agree with the removal of an isolated link, I think commercial availability of PCBSD is notable in this context (as a somewhat obscure niche OS where such things are not routine like they are with other OS's), and perhaps more than an isolated link - a dedicated section - would be justifiable to begin covering the subject of PCBSD's market penetration.

Badon (talk) 23:34, 25 May 2012 (UTC)

dead citation
"In August 2006 it was voted the most beginner friendly operating system by OSWeekly.com.[3]"

Link related to this statement is dead. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.91.120.57 (talk) 16:39, 11 June 2014 (UTC)

Hardware requirements
Do I need a collection of music and videos for the operating system to run faster? Or more stable? Or what? When I already have such a collection on another drive or partition, do I have to copy it to the disk/partition on which PC-BSD is installed? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.114.0.169 (talk) 05:05, 9 November 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on PC-BSD. Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://www.osweekly.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2287&Itemid=449

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 02:53, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

Rename request: TrueOS
PC-BSD's new official name is TrueOS, so I would like to request that this article be renamed. I can't do this myself, as I am not an admin, so I thought I'd start a discussion for and against the article rename. Brenton (contribs · email · talk · uploads) 05:20, 12 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:PC-BSD


text:
Talk:One-nation conservatism

This is a propaganda rant
"a paternalistic form" - straight from an ignorant essay written by a 14-year old.

Comment
This page is not an encyclopedia article but an opinion piece. It lacks objectivity and is far too informal in style.
 * Indeed. Look at the juvenile term 'a paternalistic form' ...

 * Yes, I think the penultimate paragraph in particular needs some work. -- Joolz 01:17, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Labour
In his 2012 Conference Speech, Ed Miliband, leader of the Labour Party, sought to claim the phrase and apply it to Labour. It has been used by the Labour Party ever since.

It has been used for four months! It's a bit too soon to say that it has been used 'ever since' as though it is a successor to 'New Labour'. At least wait until the election or a change in leader.

Disraeli & Plato (Origin of _Two Nations_)
Does Disraeli get his subtitle for _Sybil_ from Plato _Republic_ Book 8 chapter 7 -- 551 D ? Socrates says : That such a city should of necessity be not one, but two, a city of the rich & a city of the poor, dwelling together & always plotting against one another. ? (Shorey in Loeb)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:One-nation conservatism


text:
The Girls of Pleasure Island

The Girls of Pleasure Island is a 1953 Technicolor comedy film directed by Alvin Ganzer and F. Hugh Herbert. The screenplay by F. Hugh Herbert is based on the novel Pleasure Island by former Marine William Maier. The original music score is composed by Lyn Murray.

Plot
In 1945, Roger Halyard is a stiff-upper-lipped British gentleman who lives on a South Pacific island with his three nubile, naive daughters, Violet, Hester and Gloria. Hoping to shelter the girls from the lascivious advances of the opposite sex, Halyard is thwarted when 1,500 Marines arrive to transform the island into an aircraft landing base. Despite the best efforts of Halyard, his housekeeper Thelma, and Marine Colonel Reade, romance blossoms between the three girls and a trio of handsome leathernecks.

Cast

 * Don Taylor - Lieutenant Gilmartin
 * Leo Genn - Roger Halyard
 * Elsa Lanchester - Thelma
 * Philip Ober - Colonel Reade
 * Joan Elan - Violet Halyard
 * Audrey Dalton - Hester Halyard
 * Dorothy Bromiley - Gloria Halyard
 * Peter Baldwin - Private Henry Smith
 * Gene Barry - Captain Beaton
 * Arthur Gould-Porter - Reverend Bates
 * Barry Bernard - Wilkinson

Movie rights and storyline revisions
William Maier was a USMC officer who served in the South Pacific during World War II, rising to the rank of Major by 1945. His book was a mixed genre effort, often pastoral in tone, and largely dealt with the protagonist's efforts to prevent disruption to the indigenous way of life on the half of the island he owned. Louella Parsons revealed in her syndicated newspaper column that the movie rights to the book had been purchased by Harry Cohn for Columbia Studios three months before its publication.

Cohn's intent was to film the picture on Jamaica, using the working title of Virgin Island. The producer was to be S. Sylvan Simon, with Roland Kibbee writing the screenplay. However, nothing came of the venture, and the movie rights were later picked up by Paramount, with F. Hugh Herbert assigned to write and direct the film.

Herbert's screenplay removed the fictional island from Melanesia to Polynesia, made the central character Roger Halyard the British Administrator of the island instead of a private landowner, and dispensed entirely with the indigenous population and most of the European colonists. The three daughters, who had independent lifestyles and seldom interacted in the book, were rendered as less mature and closer knit in the screenplay, which also invented the character of Thelma the housekeeper. The book's chief villain, Colonel Reade, was whitewashed from a boozy lecher to a sympathetic commander, while the youngest daughter was renamed from Elsie to Gloria and made two years younger in the movie.

Production
Based on a 1949 novel Pleasure Island that was the working title, Paramount acquired the property in 1951 from Columbia Pictures who did not produce it.

At times, Robert Donat and William Holden were considered for the film.

For the three English daughters, Paramount interviewed 900 aspiring actresses, with nine given screen tests at Pinewood Studios. Joan Elan, Audrey Dalton and Dorothy Bromiley, each of them then attending a different drama school, were chosen.

The three were contracted by Paramount and were given massive publicity including a cover story in LIFE magazine and made tours to promote the film, including "GI Premieres" to troops fighting the Korean War.

The film was made on Paramount's backlot in 1952. During the filming director F. Hugh Herbert became ill and was replaced by assistant director Alvin Ganzer.

Included in the cast playing marines were Earl Holliman, Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., Benny Bartlett. Buck Young and Johnny Downs.

title: The Girls of Pleasure Island


text: User talk:81.179.229.194

title: User talk:81.179.229.194


text:
Talk:Spirit (animating force)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 19 August 2019 and 13 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Aishawithers.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:01, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Definition should read "usually" a supernatural being
78.69.42.11 (talk) 19:14, 5 July 2018 (UTC)

Spiritual grammar in native american military worship
I am wondering if someone would know how this would be interpreted : I am uncertain if the native american viewpoint of spirit (which would also apply to non-living things such as rocks and water) is represented here, and how it could be interpreted. Tyciol 17:20, 31 October 2006 (UTC)
 * All living things and objects have a spirit.
 * When taking the life of a plant or animal of the Earth, a person must pay respect to the spirit of that plant or animal.

Why you should not say real
On the distinction between fact and belief (as it goes to stating the spirit explains conciousness, but it applies in general):

Although one might hold the personal belief that the existence of an entity is fact, this does not imply that it is. Remember that however severely convinced one's belief in the existence of entity is, this still does NOT imply it's existence in reality. One's extreme conviction might surely be stated as fact, but history has well shown that people are often mistaken in what is fact or fiction. Therefore, when we speak of a theory, one at best may state that it has been confirmed to such a degree, that it would be perverse to withhold provisional consent. That is, when there is such a undeniable SHITLOAD of evidence to support it, that any sane person would do so. This, is certainly not the case with the statement that the spirit is the explanation for conciousness. Many think it is at best an historic, primitive, outdated, alternative explanation. I see how at the dawn of man one might jump to the hasty conclusion that there must be a spirit, but nowadays this goes against all neuropsychology. The amount of support for the theory of the spirit as an explanation for conciousness is not just disproportionate to that of modern neuropsychology. There scientific literature leaves little space (to, one might argue to practically no space) for the theory of the spirit as a possible explanation for conciousness, and with our everyday developing understanding of the nervous systems of living things, continues to do so less and less.

Therefore I concider it very misleading and inappropriate to state that the spirit explains the conciousness of living things, without stating that this is a held belief.

Give me one empirical observation that proves the existence of a spirit and we'll talk further (I said a real one, not some balony YT video that you declare as fact, something that has held up to critical inquiry. And yes I am aware of the danger of falling into the No True Scotsman fallacy with such statements, no conclusions have been made part of the premisse here.) FelixAkk

Ghoasts are real. So lets note it. GhoastUser 03:37, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * You spelt ghosts wrong. -- Majo  ( rly? )  00:22, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Yes I did spell it right. In Lu we spell it ghoast. GhoastUser 01:40, 9 December 2006 (UTC)They are so real b couse i own one,from syco

"Ghosts" have not been proven to be real. Theirs no way we can note your opinion. Randy6767 21:18, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

the spirit's relation to the body and soul
I have removed this article, perhaps temporarily. It may return with some changes. Randy6767 20:58, 19 January 2007

Hebrew etymology reference
I think 'ruah' (said to be Hebrew 'spirit' in the article) is mind, not spirit. See:

the 7 consciousnesses (or 'spirits before the throne' of God--in the 7 lamps) English: Hebrew

divinity: Hashem holy spirit/oversoul: chhaya spirit: jeshida soul: neschamah mind: ruach emotions: nefesh life: coach ha guf

Could anyone get the autiots for jeshida?--Dchmelik (talk) 23:46, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

Ruach is very often translated as "spirit". See already Genesis 1:2. Gesenius gives the following range of meanings:
 * 1) wind, breath, mind, spirit
 * a) breath
 * b) wind 1) of heaven 2) quarter (of wind), side 3) breath of air 4) air, gas 5) vain, empty thing
 * c) spirit (as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation) 1) spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour 2) courage 3) temper, anger 4) impatience, patience 5) spirit, disposition (as troubled, bitter, discontented) 6) disposition (of various kinds), unaccountable or uncontrollable impulse 7) prophetic spirit
 * d) spirit (of the living, breathing being in man and animals) 1) as gift, preserved by God, God's spirit, departing at death, disembodied being
 * e) spirit (as seat of emotion) 1) desire 2) sorrow, trouble
 * f) spirit 1) as seat or organ of mental acts 2) rarely of the will 3) as seat especially of moral character
 * g) Spirit of God, the third person of the triune God, the Holy Spirit, coequal, coeternal with the Father and the Son 1) as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy 2) as impelling prophet to utter instruction or warning 3) imparting warlike energy and executive and administrative power 4) as endowing men with various gifts 5) as energy of life 6) as manifest in the Shekinah glory 7) never referred to as a depersonalised force

Your "seven lamps" are apparently a reference to Revelation 4, but I don't know how you get the list of Hebrew words to go with it, let alone the English translations. --dab (𒁳) 10:25, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Terminology is very confused. I've come across in different sources the 3 components of human identity described as

 * body, mind & soul
 * body, mind & spirit
 * body, soul & spirit

 * Peter jackson (talk) 15:26, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

 * It's interesting to note that in common Christian speech the word "soul" is usually used to mean a disembodied spirit of the dead. There are Christian denominations which do not believe in the unconditional immortality of the soul, but believe that when you die you are dead, IOW, as Jesus put it, one "sleeps" until the resurrection of the dead at the Second Coming of Christ. To them immortality was an original human attribute at creation, it was lost because of sin, and is only restored after the resurrection when the saved will then live forever with God. The Hebrew use of the word often clearly implies that they are simply using the word to mean living individual or being. They even use it in reference to living animals, calling them souls. At the time of Christ there was division regarding belief in the afterlife and the state of the dead. The Pharisees were very conservative and believed in miracles and the resurrection, while the liberal Sadducees didn't. The Sadducees were the skeptics of their day. -- Brangifer (talk)

Animas
Animas

The life force spirit found in all substance. A G(g)od. The binding force of all matter that is pro-active in all life forms. Gnostics (talk) 21:06, 20 June 2010 (UTC)

Spirit as unconscious force
Could somebody please review the following article of mine to see if it qualifies in an 'external links' section, and please insert it there. http://www.two-paths.com/spiritfish.htm Matswin (talk) 07:58, 21 August 2010 (UTC)

Merging with Soul
I proposed this article to be merged with Soul. As far as I am concerned, these two words are synonyms. This article is much poorer than Soul, so I think the former's material should be merged with the latter's. --Λeternus (talk) 21:44, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose. Though there is a degree of overlap between the usages of the terms, they are not synonyms, being treated as meaningfully distinct terms extensively in reliable sources, so personal regard of them as synonymous isn't relevant.  It's not necessarily clear that you're giving Spirit's quality as a reason for merging (as opposed to a reason for what should be merged where), but it isn't necessarily clear that you aren't, either, so I'll address it: present quality of a (non-stub) article is not a reason to merge it, any more than it is to delete it.  It's a reason to improve it.  Lastly, Soul is an enormous, 71k article that should not be needlessly burdened with material that naturally factors to another topic; per WP:MERGE, "Discretion should be exercised to make sure merging does not result in an article that is too long or drawn out". —chaos5023 (talk) 21:57, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I almost wanted to discuss this topic rationally, before realizing I was actually trying to waste my energy/time arguing about non-existent/rational stuff. So good luck defending your position with your "reliable" sources. --Λeternus (talk) 22:38, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you're confused about what Wikipedia is. Wikipedia is not a publisher of original thought.  Wikipedia summarizes and provides references to what reliable sources say about a topic.  It matters not in the least whether the topic actually exists or is rational, no more with Soul and Spirit than with Optimus Prime.  If you persist in wanting this merge to happen, you should probably find an argument for it that is grounded in Wikipedia policy or guidelines rather than your personal opinions. —chaos5023 (talk) 03:09, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I too strongly oppose merging the two articles. The two words are not synonymous. Mike Hayes (talk) 21:07, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

 * I understand "soul" to be a subset of "spirit" therefore not the same. Hurricane2u (talk) 23:25, 18 February 2012 (UTC)Hurricane2u

 * Oppose too The soul is the unit of incarnation. Spirit isn't bound to a singular physical instantiation. K2709 (talk) 18:18, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

Removal of devotee-published sources
I have removed the reference to Kalchuri, Meher Prabhu. For discussion, see RS/N and this Talk page. Simon Kidd (talk) 08:07, 7 April 2012 (UTC)

There is nothing in the RSN page you link to that gives you the right to remove referenced text. You are removing valid information from articles acting against consensus. Hoverfish Talk 20:37, 7 April 2012 (UTC)

 * I linked to two pages. Fifelfoo said on his Talk page: "I'd suggest editing out OR and inappropriately sourced content, citing policy and appropriate discussions, and discussing at length on the talk page." The relevant policy/guideline says that an article "must be based upon reliable third-party sources, and meets this requirement if [among other things, it] is independent and unaffiliated with the subject, thus excluding sources such as self-published material by the subject, autobiographies, and promotional materials". Kalchuri fails this test, since he is published by an organisation affiliated with the subject. Simon Kidd (talk) 23:00, 7 April 2012 (UTC)

You can't unilaterally decide that Lord Meher is not a reliable source. You can't unilaterally decide that it is devotional and not a reliable biography. What is "Devotional"? and who decides. Not You, Mr Kidd. Hoverfish Talk 16:21, 8 April 2012 (UTC)

"the Spirit" (with a capital "S")
"In the Bible, "the Spirit" (with a capital "S"), specifically denotes the Holy Spirit."

It was written in Greek and Hebrew. In these languages there is no capital letters.

Please take note that this is only about translation of Bible into English not about Bible itself. — Preceding unsigned comment added by VictorPorton (talk • contribs) 00:05, 26 November 2016 (UTC)

The Newtonian reference should be improved
The first reference to Newton via "Burtt, Edwin A. (2003)" is actually not good, as it refers to a certain paper edition of a book that most people don't have, although it originally dates from 1925 and is fully accessible, e.g. on the Internet Archive. I would look it up there but I'm not sure which place in the text is referred here. So, if anyone has the exact edition at hand, please record the citation so it can be cited by an accessible source. --Oop (talk) 11:06, 8 November 2017 (UTC)

REwrite
This article needs to be rewritten to be about the concept and not about the term "spirit". Editor2020 (talk) 17:21, 10 November 2017 (UTC)

Hatnote to the racehorse Waldgeist
I've now added a hatnote to the article for a third time, after seeing it removed twice as a "spam" link. It isn't. The term "Waldgeist", if typed into the search box, brings a reader here via redirect. A racehorse of that name, Waldgeist (horse), won a major race on Sunday, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. It's quite reasonable to put a hatnote on an article where a disambiguated article of a redirected title exists, so can the hatnote be left in please. --Bcp67 (talk) 17:09, 10 October 2019 (UTC)

Requested move 25 April 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved  (t · c)  buidhe  21:02, 2 May 2021 (UTC)

– This is not a proper WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. "Spirit" could refer to a soul, a ghost, a supernatural being such as an angel or demon, a mood or disposition, an amount of passion or energy or enthusiasm such as community spirit or school spirit, or an alcoholic beverage, and that's just a few of the meanings. Liquor has a higher average number of page views than this article, and it opens with a phrase that makes it clear that distilled beverages are known as spirits: "Liquor or spirit (also distilled alcohol) is an alcoholic drink produced by ...". The alcoholic drink article says that "Alcoholic drinks are typically divided into three classes—beers, wines, and spirits". The extensive lead section of Spirit (disambiguation) illustrates the general confusion and lists about 50 topics known as "spirit". The spirit entry contains 13 distinct noun meanings and 2 verb uses. The lead section of the Spirit article is partly written as an acknowledgement and explanation of some of the various different meanings. — BarrelProof (talk) 19:47, 25 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Spirit → Spirit (animating force)
 * Spirit (disambiguation) → Spirit
 * Support I don't see a clear primary topic noting also that the band gets 9,044 views compared to 14,395 for this one[] and some of the other uses are likely at least as significant.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 20:07, 25 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I hadn't even noticed the band; also an airline, a couple of fairly popular albums, and a Mars rover. — BarrelProof (talk) 05:49, 26 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I last mended the bad incoming links to Spirit in January. The new targets were: alcoholic spirit 13, band 8, rover 3, other articles (mainly albums) 8, unlinked non-notable topics 5. Certes (talk) 10:02, 26 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Support: no primary topic for this term. (More pageviews).  We should probably discuss the best qualifier further, but "(animating force)" is a good option.  Certes (talk) 20:45, 25 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Support per incredibly logical nomination. Sean Stephens (talk) 08:25, 1 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Gee, thanks. — BarrelProof (talk) 16:33, 1 May 2021 (UTC)

The concept, not the word
Most of this article concerns the word "spirit" and not the concept. Wkipedia is not a dictionary.

Requested move 7 April 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: No consensus. -- Vaulter 19:03, 6 May 2022 (UTC)

Spirit (animating force) → Spirit (vital principle) – Clarify scope of article and follow the wording of most dictionaries. fiveby(zero) 14:12, 7 April 2022 (UTC) — Relisting. Adumbrativus (talk) 02:55, 15 April 2022 (UTC)

Spirit has a number of senses and meanings, and I think in the prior moves and merges the content and links to this article have been kicked around, making this a dictdef and no clear concept for scope. I have been trying to clean up the incoming links to this article and send to more specific targets per MOS:SPECIFICLINK and MOS:EGG. Most of the problem is around ("Spirit", Merriam-Webster): and some: Most of the time when Spirit (animating force) is linked, the reader is already seeing the content that is the most specific definition of 'spirit' and the link provides more generalized information, for instance in Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul. Vitalism is a bad link in this context per MOS:EGG as that article discusses as a theory rather than a belief. Not every dictionary has an entry corresponding to MW's #1, but when they do the wording is "vital principle" and i think "animating force" is something of a WP:OR invention and there are some objections. The proposal is to move to that title, set the scope as definition #1, and fix all the links and disambig pages. Links that were used in the sense of definition #2 i have been sending to Supernatural for now, but those could go to a Spirit (supernatural entity) or some such article. fiveby(zero) 14:12, 7 April 2022 (UTC)
 * 1 : an animating or vital principle held to give life to physical organisms
 * 2 : a supernatural being or essence: such as
 * 4 : the immaterial intelligent or sentient part of a person
 * Oppose: The proposed use of the word "principle" seems very confusing in this context. Oxford/Lexico, Collins, and Wiktionary don't use that word. "Principle" ordinarily refers to a guiding rule, fundamental concept, or guiding belief, and that's not what this is. — BarrelProof (talk) 23:55, 7 April 2022 (UTC)
 * 'vital' as in 2 a : concerned with or necessary to the maintenance of life and 'principle' 3 b : an ingredient (such as a chemical) that exhibits or imparts a characteristic quality. Yes, this will be confusing to some readers. Some dictionaries do not bother to distinguish this usage of 'spirit', but more comprehensive ones will, such as OED first edition's very first entry for 'spirit' "I. 1. The animating or vital principle in man (and animals); that which gives life to the physical organism, in contrast to its purely material elements; the breath of life" There is already a life force disambig which is mostly synonymous with "animating force". There are right now incoming links to this article which only serve to confuse the reader; from articles with a "vital principle" concept where the reader is taken to this dictdef page which confuses rather than clarifies. fiveby(zero) 12:18, 9 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Support I sympathize with BarrelProof's concern about "principle", but "force", as a term, is much, much worse in terms of confusion. "Vital principle" is much better. jps (talk) 20:26, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Any thoughts on "(vital essence)" or "(animating essence)"? — BarrelProof (talk) 18:22, 12 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Sure. That would be fine with me as well. jps (talk) 16:05, 19 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I like 'principle' due to history of use in this context, but not going to argue against 'essence' being clearer to the reader. fiveby(zero) 12:58, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

 * I think the example of [Life force]], linked above, is enough to show that "force" is commonly used in this way, even though a literally newtonian force is not involved. ApLundell (talk) 02:24, 15 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I have no doubt that force is used in such a fashion, perhaps even commonly. However, as an encyclopedia, I think it is important that we maintain a level of specificity when possible in the use of terminology. The problem, as I see it, is that force is often assumed to be a physical one even when that is not the intention. A word like "principle" or "essence" instead admits no ambiguity and so I think it editorially preferable to avoid the possible or even likely confusion. jps (talk) 11:18, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The current disambiguator seems better to me than the proposed one. Rreagan007 (talk) 22:03, 15 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Support alternate move to Spirit This is the clear primary topic, as the supernatural "Spirit" to refer to ghost stems from the concept of a vital force leaving one's body and taking incorporeal form. Liquor is also already at that name and is doubtful to be changed to the less common name "spirits". If it is heavily awkward to make a disambiguation that makes sense, something is likely primary. The previous move request was largely ignored and I would have !voted oppose if I had noticed at the time. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 14:07, 25 April 2022 (UTC)
 * That would not be appropriate for multiple reasons. I disagree that it is a clear primary topic for "Spirit". For example, a deity, angel, demon, or the Holy Spirit is not something that has left a body. Liquor is also another major meaning of "spirit", and there is also a band, an airline and a rover with this name, among other topics. That renaming also does not seem procedurally appropriate under WP:RMCI, since that title has non-redirecting content and changing it was not proposed as part of this RM. — BarrelProof (talk) 00:54, 4 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spirit (animating force)


text: User talk:68.77.23.64

title: User talk:68.77.23.64


text:
Talk:Biggest ball of twine

Quote section
The twine ball article had a quote section which consisted of an unattributed lyric snippet from "Biggest Ball of Twine in Minnesota". I'm a WAY fan, but I didn't think those few lines added much to the article.DLTR -- Ventura 22:55, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)

Other balls
According to both World's Largest Things and the Roadside America article, there are at least two other giant twine balls, but not sisal twine. Anyone care to research those? -- Ventura 22:55, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * Somewhere I read about another ball of twine which was even larger than the two listed here, but was disqualified because it was made by a machine rather than by hand. (No idea what kind of twine it was, or even why that matters...)  Wish I remembered where - some magazine or something.  Must be referenced somewhere. --Lurlock 22:33, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

In the late 1970's Art Professor Goerge Bucher, Susquehanna University (PA), constructed what was at the time the largest diameter "twine ball" known. Alas, while it was a 14-foot diameter "twine ball," it was hollow, so twine ball enthusiasts rejected it for the record. However, it is probably the only twine ball that ever made it to the pages of Playboy Magazine which featured a photo of the professor and his ball under a headline, "He's Got balls." The ball was a work of art which students participated in creating. It was made in the photo studio of the New Holland farm equipment division of Sperry Rand Corp. in New Holland, Pa., the famous New Holland hay baler manufacturer, which contributed the twine and the studio space for its construction. Bucher laboriously wound the twine over a framework of plaster lathing (the students revolved the frame set on spindles)using a fishing pole and running back and forth as the ball turned. It was coated with polyurathane after each inch layer of twine. I was public relations superbisor for New Holland and we filmed the entire process for The New Holland Agri-Newsreel. More than 1,000 newspaper and magazine clippings resulted from this story. The twine ball was displayed when New Holland opened its new world headquarters building soon after the ball was completed. Bucher ultimately took the twine ball on tour to several east coast universities. As a follow up, I later "discovered" Francis Johnson at a "Steam Days" event in Minnesota while I was filming there. He was displaying a giant pair of scissors he had carved and invited me to film his "giant twine ball" At the time it was 12-feet in diameter. He "wound" the ball under a tree from which he had a series of ceramic electric wire insulators threaded with twine and used a pole similar to what Bucher had used to guide the twine onto his art ball. I provided Charles Kuralt with some of our footage and he visited Johnson for his "On The Road" tv show. Charles later told me it was one of his most fascinating segments and included in his "Special" where Charles Johnson was a guest. Johnson had several quanset huts for his various collections. One was filled with what he cliamed were more than 100,000 advertising ballpoint pens. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Some Guy in Arizona (talk • contribs) 21:21, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

Cultural references
I may have my roadside attractions mixed up, but didn't the archangel Michael insist on stopping to see one of these balls in the film Michael? --Mothperson 30 June 2005 00:48 (UTC) There are too many cultural references to visiting a giant ball of twine for wikipedia to reasonably include most of them.128.101.70.121 19:40, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Size Discrepancy
This article claims that Stoeber's ball is now the world's largest and heaviest ball of sisal twine, at 17,000 lbs. and over 7,000,000 feet. However, Johnson's ball is listed it as weighing 17,500 lbs. Either these numbers are incorrect, or Johnson's ball is bigger - or at least heavier. A total length is not given for Johnson's ball, and a total diameter is not given for Stoeber's. By the measurements that are given, Johnson's ball is the biggest.

XKCD
This page is currently referenced in today's XKCD comic. There might be some minor vandalism incoming to try to influence today's xkcd comic. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.226.68.3 (talk) 17:22, 1 April 2013 (UTC)

Yeah... I recommend putting in a special spot at the top of the article so people can play there but not alter the actual meaningful information.

Cawker nonsense
So this article claims the diameter of the Cawker ball decreased by 3 feet from 1974 to 2014?! --Espoo (talk) 01:26, 25 January 2016 (UTC)

 * There's references. Prove the references aren't correct. •  Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 05:26, 25 January 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Biggest ball of twine


text: User:THUGlife

title: User:THUGlife


text:
George T. Stagg

George T. Stagg is a limited-production bourbon whiskey distributed by Buffalo Trace Distillery, as part of the distillery's "Antique Collection" series. It is a high proof uncut and unfiltered bourbon, aged for approximately 15 years. It has been distributed only once a year in the fall, but in 2005 a second spring release was added. It is rare to find outside the U.S., but some is distributed in other major cities.

Reviews and awards
The whiskey has been highly awarded in various spirit ratings competitions and has won best rankings in some years in Jim Murray's "Whisky Bible". The San Francisco World Spirits Competition awarded three gold and three double gold medals to the bourbon between 2006 and 2012.

George T. Stagg was awarded the Chairman's Trophy among Kentucky Straight Bourbons at the 2014 New York "Ultimate Spirits Challenge", and in 2013 it won the Best North American Whiskey award at the World Whiskies Awards.

In December 2015, the 2015 release of George T. Stagg was named "#3 of Top 65 Five-Star Spirits of 2015" and awarded "5 Stars - Highest Recommendation" by F. Paul Pacult's Spirit Journal. The 2015 release of Stagg also won a Gold Medal in the "Best Non-Age Statement Bourbon" category of the 2016 World Whiskies Awards, sponsored by Whisky Magazine.

Food critic Morgan Murphy once wrote "If you want your guests' eyes to pop out of their heads in a fit of bourbon ecstasy, this is your bourbon."

title: George T. Stagg


text:
User talk:Pi Delport

Recursive Length Prefix moved to draftspace
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title: User talk:Pi Delport


text:
Talk:Leishmaniasis

Cost of Treatment has not been mentioned
Under the Treatment section, it would be good if any of the experts could give details about how the few drugs against leishmaniasis, especially the visceral type, are too expensive for developing countries to afford. I was reading about it in a BBC article, but do not know enough details.Farazars (talk) 07:51, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

I
I own some dogs and live in the sicilian countryside (Iblei) particularly infested with leishmania. Up to 20 years ago the infected dogs died with lots of bleeding wounds. After I discovered Glucantime. But when I was finishing the therapy the insect would sting again and the dog was chronically with the illness. One day I noted that the dogs illnesses regressed when I put salt in the food that I prepared for them. After that I looked at the explanatory notes of the Glucantime medecine and I noted that all the elements were salts: Sodium Sulphite, potassium anhydrous-sulphite, (excipients) and N-metilglucammine antimoniate (active principle). In the latest explanatory notes is clearly stated that 30% of the active principle is made of salt (N-metilglucammine antimoniate). In fact the leishmania protozoan (the leishmania genus of parasitic flagellate, belonging to the trypanosomes and responsible for diseases such as leishmaniasis) transmitted by the fly doesn't find the suitable conditions for reproduction in the animal saltier blood and it could probably also arrive to die. I think the dog's nourishment with a salt presence helps the prevention of leishmania. Someone could ask how much salt you need in the animal nutrition but my experience tells me that the animal can be protected with a quantity of salt identically to the human one. I am looking for other dog owners that are looking for a cheaper ways to treat them.

Please contact me at maurice.carbonaro@gmail.com. Thanks.

Maurice Carbonaro

- I removed from the external links section:

 * "The all-embracing open-source encyclopedia Wikipedia doesn't have a dedicated page on kala-azar, or visceral leishmaniasis. But who cares? After all, the disease only transforms vast numbers of people in developing countries into walking skeletons carrying bellies bloated by an enlarging liver and spleen. With drugs costing up to US$200 a course, it often goes untreated, causing some 200,000 deaths each year. In the research and development (R&D) chains that lead to drugs, more attention is devoted to silicone breast implants and pills for erectile dysfunction than to the roughly 8,000 orphan diseases. These neglected diseases each touch up to just 2,000 people, but together they affect millions."

The critique is obvious, but the kind author misunderstood that not many contributors to Wikipedia will know much about visceral Leishmaniasis. If there is sufficient interest, I can dip into my textbooks, but I guess our medical contributors tend to focus on the diseases they deal with in daily life... JFW | T@lk  22:58, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Names
The discovery section refers to a Captain Donovan and a Major Ross, without first names or any other indication of who these people are. this should be fixed. OcciMoron 21:20, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

kala-azar
I'm not sure why Kala-azar links here. Is Leishmaniasis = Kala-azar? It says here that Kala-azar is a symptom, but the dictionary says it's a disease. I'm confused --Quasipalm 20:14, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

kala azar is the same disease as leishmaniasis, it is simply known by multiple names.--Gozar 22:03, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Some capitalisations of "Kala azar" link to the more specific article "Visceral leishmaniasis" (VL). I'm not sure if this is correct, but i've made them all link to it instead of this article. Please put them back if this is wrong. —Pengo talk · contribs 05:03, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Kala-azar is the traditional Indian name for visceral leishmaniasis, taken from the blackened skin which is a symptom of the Indian strain (but is not seen in Africa and elsewhere).Dybryd 00:49, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Trivia section?
This disease was mentioned in House episode Cursed when a concerned father surprisingly mentions it as a possible cause for his son's condition. Should a "trivia" section of some sort be added where this could be mentioned? --AlphaEtaPi 04:00, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

probably a little obscure to be making a whole section about--Gozar 04:58, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

Baghdad Boil
Should Baghdad boil redirect here too? Lizz612 22:47, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Anybody want to merge/delete my content?
I've just put a whole bunch of content over on the visceral leishmaniasis page, not realizing that this main page for the whole disease-family existed. I now see that a lot of it is redundant with the material on this page.

I find this too depressing to do myself, so does somebody else want to check the two versions and decide what should be moved to this page and what should just be deleted? Thanks.

Dybryd 00:49, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Help me understand something
Both of the articles contain the same statements, -- "Results of trials outside of India have been disappointing." -- "There are problems with toxicity (gastrointestinal and renal) as well as the rapid development of resistance."

This makes it seem, upon reading the article, as if the drug is ineffective. In fact, according to the article cited --Jha TK, Sundar S, Thakur CP et al. (1999). "Miltefosine, an oral agent, for the treatment of Indian visceral leishmaniasis". New Engl J Med 341: 1795–800.,-- the conclusion states: "Orally administered miltefosine appears to be an effective treatment for Indian visceral leishmaniasis." "Gastrointestinal side effects were frequent (occurring in 62 percent of patients) but mild to moderate in severity." in the (More, et al, 2003) citation, the NEJM gives an even more glowing testimony; "the initial parasitologic cure rate was 100%" and " Conclusion. Oral miltefosine was safe and ~90% effective in this initial clinical trial of childhood visceral leishmaniasis."

I've been unable to find any other information on the trials outside of india that were disapointing. I'm not saying that its untrue, but it goes against everything I have read (not a lot) so far.

Here is the summary from the Max Planck Institutefor biophysical Chemistry

Summary:

 * 1) Miltefosine is the first effective oral remedy against visceral leishmaniasis, a disease that often results in death.
 * 2) The healing process is practically complete in four weeks with a success rate of 98%.
 * 3) Success of the treatment does not depend on whether the patients are resistant to the conventional pentostam therapy. The healing process is already noticeable after three days: the fever drops and the patient regains strength.
 * 4) The side-effects are neglectable.
 * 5) Epidemics would be controllable with this oral treatment method.
 * 6) The active substance has a simple chemical structure and is producible in tonnes. It is cheap and can be stored indefinitely between 0 and 40 deg Celsius.
 * 7) 5.6 tonnes of miltefosine would be needed annually on the basis of about two million new infections per year and a necessary amount of about 2.8 g miltefosine per patient.

Granted, this information is from 2000. Perhaps your information is more current?

Where is Canada?
"Mexico, Central America, and South America—from northern Argentina to southern Texas (not in Uruguay, Chile, or Canada)" Am I the only one who is confused about this sentence? - ajf --144.32.177.102 (talk) 19:41, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

Hello
I am confused with this article because I am not sure how testing for Leishmaniasis is found. I have been searching for Leishmaniasis testing, and it never seems to come up in the articles.

I am doing a school project, and I was wondering if anyone knew what the testing for Leishmaniasis was besides on this page?

Thank you! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Goose9211 (talk • contribs) 21:43, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

My experience with testing
For what its worth, I have Leishmaniasis and they tested it by scraping the ulcer and spotting the organisms under a microscope. Once it appeared to be Leishmaniais they sent it off for DNA testing to determine the exact species. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Helsmack (talk • contribs) 04:22, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Typographical error
Sorry, I can't find out to correct a typographical error in the second line of the main page. The error: "Dipter" should read "Diptera". —Preceding unsigned comment added by Clivian (talk • contribs)

 * Corrected, thank you. Tim Vickers (talk) 17:35, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

Fact and citation check
(Part of the WikiProject Medicine effort)

Background section:
Links were added to the wikis for sequence analysis and monoclonal antibodies.

Classification section:
It might be a good idea to specify in parentheses that visceral leishmaniasis is also called kala-azar leishmaniasis, to relate this version to the next one listed (post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis) and so people don't wonder if that's yet another version of the disease.

Signs and symptoms section:
This section did not cite any sources. I think the WHO was probably the main source, at least for the four main forms of leishmaniasis (http://www.who.int/topics/leishmaniasis/en/).

This section lists "four main forms" and the previous section lists five forms of the disease. The latter four are not all included in the earlier list of five (diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis is in the list of four but not the list of five). It would be best if a (semi-)expert reconciled these two lists and decided how exactly to classify leishmaniasis. Perhaps simply add diffuse cutaneous to the first list? Then again, a few sources do not group "cutaneous" and "diffuse cutaneous" as different forms of the disease but rather group diffuse cutaneous as a subclass of cutaneous: http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/disease_epidemiology/en/index.html, http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2805%2965022-2/. One study says diffuse cutaneous is "rare": http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19126013. Another study describes diffuse cutaneous as "atypical": http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222299.

This would probably be another good source of information, though it only groups leishmaniasis into visceral and cutaneous forms, so it might not push us towards any consensus: Medical and Veterinary Entomology by Gary R. Mullen and Lance Durden (http://books.google.com/books?id=6R1v9o-uaI4C&lpg=PP1&dq=Medical%20and%20Veterinary%20Entomology%20%20%20By%20Gary%20R.%20Mullen%2C%20Lance%20Durden&pg=PA156#v=onepage&q=leishmania&f=false).

Diagnosis section:
According to Communicable disease control in emergencies: a field manual by M. A. Connolly, World Health Organization (pg. 153), 2005 (http://books.google.com/books?id=iLRA-5VTkZIC&lpg=PP1&dq=Communicable%20disease%20control%20in%20emergencies%3A%20a%20field%20manual&pg=PA153#v=onepage&q&f=false), no serological (antibody) test is available to diagnose Leishmania infection. The smear/stain test is described in the Diagnosis section, but it seems like it might be helpful to specify that no serological test can identify Leishmania.

Treatment section:
Originally, there was an unformatted reference sitting in the middle of this section, saying "(More, et al., 2003)", so I created a reference citation for that article.

There was a dead link about India's approval of paramomycin to treat leishmaniasis. This URL works - can't know whether it says the same as the original source: http://www.oneworldhealth.org/paromomycin

Re-worded the sentence about harmine so that it made sense.

Reference added: WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research - Leishmaniasis page (http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/soa_parasitic/en/index3.html).

Epidemiology section:
Somewhere, either in this section or maybe the Background, visceral leishmaniasis should be mentioned as an AIDS-opportunistic disease. This is mentioned in the background information of several primary-literature papers. This might be a good place to start, but it's probably too old to be the only source: http://data.unaids.org/publications/External-Documents-Restored/who_ctd_leish_98-9_add-1_en.pdf

Reference added to take the place of the dead Seattle Biomedical Research Institute link: http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/burden/magnitude/burden_magnitude/en/index.html.

Reference added for where 90% of leishmaniasis is found: http://www.oneworldhealth.org/leishmaniasis

The three dead links about the Colombian army's infections with leishmaniasis might be partially replaced by this news story: http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl//6062971.html.

The WHO estimated that Afghanistan had about 200,000 cases of leishmaniasis as of 2004, but a cited e-Ariana article says the WHO estimated 200,000 cases in Kabul alone in 2002. Perhaps some clarification, cleanup, or rewording is necessary at this part (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2004/pr55/en/index.html). MotherShabubu (talk) 17:34, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

Distribution Map
On the epidemiology map, Laos is highlighted. I wasn't aware that the disease was prevalent there. Could that be double checked? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.243.2.26 (talk) 08:51, 23 August 2011 (UTC)

Prevention section
Other than the first (or perhaps the second) sentence, the rest of the description in the Preventin section is more appropriate in the Research section. Before a vaccine is developed and used, the only prevention is to limit the spread of the parasite by sandfly. Are there any reference there to eradicate (or at least control) these insect population by insecticides or other means?Ginger Maine Coon (talk) 15:08, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

Why does "Espundia" redirect here?
Not mentioned in article. 86.130.41.222 (talk) 13:40, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

Update
Syrian civil war has led to [][]Lihaas (talk) 10:16, 8 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Okay? Could be added to the epidemiology section. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 10:36, 9 December 2015 (UTC)

Lancet seminar
10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31204-2 JFW | T@lk  12:18, 14 September 2018 (UTC)

New article - Leishmaniasis vaccine

 * Leishmaniasis vaccine

Please check it out.

I moved information from this article's "research" section to that article. I do not think I removed any information, but I did integrate it with that article and re-write some of it. Before rewriting, I copied all the text to that article.

This article's research section mostly talked about vaccines and the history of development. Other kinds of research which could be described, but which were not in this section at all, include research on treatment for people who already have the condition, social research which seems to be a big part of controlling the disease, and strategic research on regional and global eradication of the disease.  Blue Rasberry  (talk)  21:53, 6 February 2020 (UTC)

Discovery of organism
The history section currently says, "It remains unclear who discovered the organism". There are lots of papers and narratives here.

This source

Has a narrative of the discovery. I have not read all these papers to see if there is a consensus about who did what and when.  Blue Rasberry  (talk)  22:17, 6 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Leishmaniasis


text:
Talk:Laura Riding

Untitled
"Therefore, her Collected Poems is one of the key Modernist texts" because her decision to renounce poetry was Post-modern.

There may well be a true thought here, but it requires recasting to bring it out. Septentrionalis 22:59, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Also famous, two sentences before, is dubious; please think if another adjective will do. Septentrionalis 22:59, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Attempt at deletion of good information
There was an attempt at deleting much of the good information contained in this article by User:68.20.26.242 on April 27, 2007. No explanation was given for the deletions. Fortunately, I detected traces of previous, informative versions, and found one prior to the vandal's strike. I am leaving here a link to the good version for future reference. -- Palaeovia talk 02:32, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Cryptic coverage of suicide attempt, withdrawal from poetry, etc.
The Writer's Almanac recently (Jan 16, 2009) included a short entry on Riding which makes several aspects of her life clearer than the present Wikipedia piece, which can be quite enigmatic. Perhaps someone who is clearer than I am on these facts (and the reliability of the WA account) would care to incorporate more of this explanatory material. Incidentally, what were the implications of the "broken spine"? See below:

"It's the birthday of poet Laura Riding, (books by this author) born in New York City (1901). She went to Cornell, started writing poetry, and tried to make it as a writer in New York, but she was unsuccessful. She got married and then divorced. She was invited to go to Europe by the poet Robert Graves and his wife, Nancy, and so Laura Riding spent the next 13 years abroad, living in England, Majorca, France, and Egypt, where she claimed she "wrote hard all that time, trying to use words with new exactness." While living with Robert Graves and his wife at their home in London, she became romantically involved with Robert. When Robert Graves took on another lover, Laura Riding was distraught, and tried to commit suicide by jumping out the window. She survived, but ended up with a broken spine. Robert Graves and his wife split up, and he and Laura Riding moved to Majorca together. They were both very productive during that period, producing several volumes of poetry, and each came out with a separate Collected Poems. Riding was a great muse to Graves, appearing in many of his poems. But after they split up in 1939, she got married, moved to Florida, raised citrus trees with her husband, and renounced poetry." Nandt1 (talk) 12:31, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

I wouldn't recommend incorporation into the article of this 'Writer's Almanac' material, which is rather 'journalistic', and in places not reliable, eg 'tried to make it as a writer in New York, but she was unsuccessful', 'was a great muse to Graves'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Johnnolan (talk • contribs) 10:46, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

Early Life, historian Louis Gottschalk link incorrect
In the Early Life section, historian Louis Gottschalk is linked. However, this disambiguation page does not contain any link to Louis R. Gottschalk (Louis Reichenthal Gottschalk). Therefore, the link should be removed, an article created, or a dead link added.) RalphOnTheRailroad (talk) 23:54, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Excessive use of quotations
Use of quotations from Riding's work is all very well, but they need to be kept concise and it needs to be clear what, if anything, they illustrate. For those who want to delve further into the details of her work, there are individual articles about her major works where this can be done. Deb (talk) 15:23, 27 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Laura Riding


text:
George Olive

George Edward Olive (born 1887 in Leeds, England; died April 20, 1973) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1945 to 1953, as a member of the social-democratic Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF).

Olive came to Canada in 1910. He settled in Transcona, then an independent working-class community adjoining but independent of Winnipeg, in 1914. He was a member of the United Association of Steamfitters and Plumbers, working for the Canadian National Railway. He served as a member of the local school board, and was elected Mayor of Transcona in 1936, a position he continued to hold after being elected to the provincial legislature. He married Amy Thackray (1888–1955), and they had two sons, Bill and Joe, both of whom served overseas in the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1945 provincial election, defeating former Liberal leader Murdoch Mackay in the constituency of Springfield. He was re-elected in Kildonan—Transcona in the 1949 election, defeating Liberal-Progressive candidate M. J. G. McMullen by just under 900 votes.

Olive was not a frequent debater in the legislature, but was known as a diligent worker and was said to have extensive knowledge of every bill that came before the house. CCF leader Lloyd Stinson once called him "a most useful and cooperative member of caucus", assisting other members behind the scenes.

He sought the Kildonan—Transcona CCF nomination again for the 1953 provincial election, but lost to Russell Paulley, who was mayor of Transcona by this time. Olive accepted the result, and agreed to work as Paulley's election agent.

He lived in New York City after his retirement and later died in Winnipeg.

George Olive Nature Park in Winnipeg, Manitoba, commemorates him. Previously, the site hosted a dump for industrial byproducts and a pond for horses. It was rehabilitated into a nature park in the 1990s and opened as such in 2001.

title: George Olive


text:
User:Pentawing/Contributions

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Articles guided through FAC process
The following are featured articles that I made major contributions to, including guiding through peer review and FAC:

 * Ann Arbor, Michigan
 * Boston, Massachusetts

title: User:Pentawing/Contributions


text:
Garden city movement

The garden city movement was a 20th century urban planning movement promoting satellite communities surrounding the central city and separated with greenbelts. These Garden Cities would contain proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Ebenezer Howard first posited the idea in 1898 as a way to capture the primary benefits of the countryside and the city while avoiding the disadvantages presented by both. In the early 20th century, Letchworth, Brentham Garden Suburb, and Welwyn Garden City were built in or near London according to Howard's concept and many other garden cities inspired by his model have since been built all over the world.

Conception

Inspired by the utopian novel Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy, and Henry George's work Progress and Poverty, Howard published the book To-morrow [sic]: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform in 1898 (reissued in 1902 as Garden Cities of To-morrow). His idealised garden city would house 32,000 people on a site of 9000 acre. Howard's diagrams presented such a city in a concentric pattern with open spaces, public parks, and six radial boulevards, 120 ft wide, extending from the centre, although he made it clear that the actual site planning should be left to experts. The garden city would be self-sufficient and when it reached full population, another would be developed nearby. Howard envisaged a cluster of several garden cities as satellites of a central city of 58,000 people, linked by road and rail.

Howard's To-morrow [sic]: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform sold enough copies to warrant a second edition, now titled Garden Cities of To-morrow [sic]. This success of this book provided him the support necessary to pursue the chance to bring his vision into reality. Howard believed that all people agreed the overcrowding and deterioration of cities was one of the troubling issues of their time. He quotes a number of respected thinkers and their disdain of cities. Howard's garden city concept combined the town and country in order to provide the working class an alternative to working on farms or in "crowded, unhealthy cities".

First developments
To build a garden city, Howard needed money to buy land. He decided to get funding from "gentlemen of responsible position and undoubted probity and honour". He founded the Garden City Association (later known as the Town and Country Planning Association or TCPA), which created First Garden City, Ltd. in 1899 to create the garden city of Letchworth. However, these donors would collect interest on their investment if the garden city generated profits through rents or, as Fishman calls the process, "philanthropic land speculation". Howard tried to include working class cooperative organisations, which included over two million members, but could not win their financial support. Because he had to rely only on the wealthy investors of First Garden City, Howard had to make concessions to his plan, such as eliminating the cooperative ownership scheme with no landlords, short-term rent increases, and hiring architects who did not agree with his rigid design plans.

In 1904, Raymond Unwin, a noted architect and town planner, and his partner Barry Parker, won the competition run by First Garden City Ltd. to plan Letchworth, an area 34 miles outside London. Unwin and Parker planned the town in the centre of the Letchworth estate with Howard's large agricultural greenbelt surrounding the town, and they shared Howard's notion that the working class deserved better and more affordable housing. However, the architects ignored Howard's symmetric design, instead replacing it with a more 'organic' design.

Letchworth slowly attracted more residents because it brought in manufacturers through low taxes, low rents, and more space. Despite Howard's best efforts, the home prices in this garden city could not remain affordable for blue-collar workers to live in. The populations comprised mostly skilled middle class workers. After a decade, the First Garden City became profitable and started paying dividends to its investors. Although many viewed Letchworth as a success, it did not immediately inspire government investment into the next line of garden cities.

In reference to the lack of government support for garden cities, Frederic James Osborn, a colleague of Howard and his eventual successor at the Garden City Association, recalled him saying, "The only way to get anything done is to do it yourself." Likely in frustration, Howard bought land at Welwyn to house the second garden city in 1919. The purchase was at auction, with money Howard desperately and successfully borrowed from friends. The Welwyn Garden City Corporation was formed to oversee the construction. But Welwyn did not become self-sustaining because it was only 20 miles from London.

Even until the end of the 1930s, Letchworth and Welwyn remained as the only existing garden cities in the United Kingdom. However, the movement did succeed in emphasizing the need for urban planning policies that eventually led to the New Town movement.

Garden cities: the spread of an idea
Howard organised the Garden City Association in 1899. Two garden cities were built using Howard's ideas: Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City, both in the county of Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom. Howard's successor as chairman of the Garden City Association was Sir Frederic Osborn, who extended the movement to regional planning.

Garden City principles greatly influenced the design of colonial and post-colonial capitals during the early part of the 20th century. This is the case for New Delhi (designed as the new capital of British India after World War I), of Canberra (capital of Australia established in 1913) and of Quezon City (established in 1939, capital of the Philippines from 1948 to 1976).

Outside the British empire, the ideas quickly spread as well.

Africa

 * Morocco. Ifrane in Morocco (est. 1929).
 * South Africa. The Garden City movement was able to take root in South Africa, with the development of the suburbs of Pinelands and Edgemead in Cape Town as well as Durbanville near Cape Town.

Asia

 * Israel. The Garden City movement also influenced the Scottish urbanist Sir Patrick Geddes in the planning of Tel Aviv, Israel, in the 1920s, during the British Mandate for Palestine. Geddes started his Tel Aviv plan in 1925 and submitted the final version in 1927, so all growth of this garden city during the 1930s was merely "based" on the Geddes Plan. Changes were inevitable. Similarly, in the 1920s, German-born Jewish architect Richard Kauffman designed several neighborhoods under Garden City influence, including Beth HaKerem, Rehavia, Bayit ve-Gan and Kiryat Moshe in Jerusalem, as well as Hadar HaCarmel, Bat Galim, Newe Shaanan, and Central and Western Carmel in Haifa. He referred to these neighborhoods as "Garden Suburbs."
 * Japan. In Japan, several towns were inspired by the Garden City movement in the early 1900s, including Den-en-chofu, Yamato Village, and Omiya Bonsai Village. As with many Garden Cities, despite goals of creating classless societies, each of these examples became increasingly exclusive and populated primarily by wealthy statesmen and celebrities.
 * Vietnam. The garden city model was also applied to many colonial hill stations, such as Da Lat in Vietnam (est. 1907).

Europe

 * Belgium. In Belgium the Garden City movement started early, but took roots in the 1910s, directly connected to industrial development, especially that of the coal mines. Early examples are Tuinwijk Beringen-Mijn (1908), Tuinwijk van Zwartberg (1910), and Eisden-Tuinwijk (1911). After the First World War, there was a huge need for new housing, and the principles were widely applied. Social housing associations were created, often linked to political movements. In Brussels, Antwerp and Ghent new extensions of the city were built. The houses in these areas are still very popular among residents and classified as historical heritage.
 * Czechia. In the former Czechoslovakia, all industrial cities founded or reconstructed by the Bata Shoes company (Zlín, Svit, Partizánske) were influenced by the conception of the Garden City.
 * Finland. Kauniainen is an early example, which was founded by a corporation in 1906, AB Grankulla.
 * France. The Garden City movement was very influential in France. The concept of garden city (cité jardin), was closely related to the concept of the 'workers city' (cité ouvrière). All over the country settlements were established accordingly.
 * Germany. Along with the UK, Germany was at the forefront of the Garden Cities movement, starting in the late 19th century, part of a broader discourse on social renewal. Specific projects were typically the results of private initiatives.
 * Hungary. Originally built in Kispest (now part of Budapest) in 1908, Wekerletelep is a prime example of the garden city concept
 * Netherlands. The concept of the Garden City was widely applied in different parts of the country, mainly as 'garden villages', such as Tuindorp Vreewijk in Rotterdam, Tuindorp 't Lansink in Hengelo, Tuindorp Oostzaan in Amsterdam, and Tuindorp Watergraafsmeer (Betondorp) in Amsterdam. In most cases, private industrial companies took the initiative. The development continued on a bigger scale after the Second World War, now initiated and controlled by municipalities, with examples such as the Westelijke Tuinsteden (a part of Amsterdam).
 * United Kingdom – Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City (see History above)

North America

 * Canada. The Ontario towns of Don Mills (now incorporated into the City of Toronto) and Walkerville (now incorporated into the City of Windsor) are, in part, garden cities, as well as The Kingsway, Toronto and the Montreal suburb of Mount Royal. The historic Townsite of Powell River, British Columbia, and the Hydrostone district of Halifax, Nova Scotia, are recognized as National Historic Sites of Canada built upon the Garden City Movement. In Montreal, la Cité-jardin du Tricentenaire is a classic form of Garden City located near the Olympic Stadium. All streets are cul-de-sacs and are linked via pedestrian paths to the community park.
 * United States. Examples include Residence Park in New Rochelle, New York; Woodbourne in Boston; Newport News, Virginia's Hilton Village; Pittsburgh's Chatham Village; Garden City, New York (parenthetically, the name "Garden City", as it applied to the Stewart-designed city on Long Island, incorporated in 1869, pre-dates that of the garden city movement, which was established some years later near the end of the nineteenth century); Sunnyside; Jackson Heights; Forest Hills Gardens, in the borough of Queens, New York; Radburn, New Jersey; Greenbelt, Maryland; Buckingham in Arlington County, Virginia; the Lake Vista neighborhood in New Orleans; Norris, Tennessee; Baldwin Hills Village in Los Angeles; Rotunda West near Punta Gorda, Florida, and the Cleveland suburbs of Parma and Shaker Heights. Greendale, Wisconsin is one of three "greenbelt" towns planned beginning in 1935 under the direction of Rexford Guy Tugwell, head of the United States Resettlement Administration, under authority of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act. The two other greenbelt towns are Greenbelt, Maryland (near Washington, D.C.), and Greenhills, Ohio (near Cincinnati). The greenbelt towns not only provided work and affordable housing, but also served as a laboratory for experiments in innovative urban planning. Greendale's plan was designed between 1936 and 1937 by a staff headed by Joseph Crane, Elbert Peets, Harry Bentley, and Walter C. Thomas for a site that had formerly consisted of 3400 acre of farmland.

Oceania

 * Australia. The Dacey Garden Suburb (now Daceyville) was established in 1912 based on Garden City principles. The suburb of Colonel Light Gardens in Adelaide, South Australia was also designed according to Garden City principles. So too the town of Sunshine which is now a suburb of Melbourne in Victoria and the suburb of Lalor, also in Melbourne. The Peter Lalor Estate in Lalor takes its name from a leader of the Eureka Stockade and remains today in its original form. However it is under threat from developers and Whittlesea Council. Lalor:Peter Lalor Home Building Cooperative 1946-2012 Scollay, Moira.  Pre-dating these was the garden suburb of Haberfield in 1901 by Richard Stanton, organised on a vertical integrated model from land subdivision, mortgage financing, house and interior designs and site landscaping.
 * New Zealand. Garden city ideals were employed in the original town planning of Christchurch. Prior to the earthquakes of 2010 and 2011, the city infrastructure and homes were well integrated into green spaces. The rebuild blueprint rethought the garden city concept and how it would best suit the city. Greenbelts and urban greenspaces have been redesigned to incorporate more living spaces.

South America

 * Argentina. An example is Ciudad Jardín Lomas del Palomar, declared by the influential Argentinian professor of engineering, Carlos María della Paolera, founder of "Día Mundial del Urbanismo" (World Urbanism Day), as the first Garden City in South America.
 * Brazil. In São Paulo, several neighbourhoods were planned as Garden Cities, such as Jardim América, Jardim Europa (bairro de São Paulo), Alto da Lapa, Alto de Pinheiros, Butantã, Interlagos, Jardim da Saúde, and Cidade Jardim (bairro de São Paulo) (Garden City in Portuguese). Goiânia, capital of Goiás state, and Maringá are also examples of Garden Cities.
 * Peru. In Peru, there is a long tradition in urban design that has been reintroduced in its architecture more recently. In 1966, the Residencial San Felipe in Lima's district of Jesus Maria was built using the Garden City concept.

Criticisms
While garden cities were praised for being an alternative to overcrowded and industrial cities, along with greater sustainability, garden cities were often criticized for damaging the economy, being destructive of the beauty of nature, and being inconvenient. According to A. Trystan Edwards, garden cities engender desecration of the countryside by trying to recreate countryside suburbs that could spread on their own; however, this was not a possible feat due to the limited space that they had (except at their outermost edges).

More recently, the environmental movement's embrace of urban density has offered an "implicit critique" of the garden city movement. In this way the critique of the concept resembles critiques of other suburbanization models, though author Stephen Ward has argued that critics often do not adequately distinguish between true garden cities and more mundane dormitory city plans.

It is often referred to as an urban-design experiment which is typified by failure due to the laneways used as common entries and exits to the houses, thereby helping to ghettoise communities and encourage crime; it has ultimately triggered efforts to 'de-Radburn'-ize, or to partially demolish American-Radburn-designed public housing areas.

When interviewed in 1998, the architect responsible for introducing the design to public housing in New South Wales, Philip Cox, was reported to have admitted with regards to an American-Radburn-designed estate in the suburb of Villawood, "everything that could go wrong in a society went wrong," and "it became the centre of drugs, it became the centre of violence and, eventually, the police refused to go into it. It was hell."

Legacy
The concept of the Garden City was adopted again in the UK after World War II, when the New Towns Act spurred the development of many new communities based on Howard's egalitarian ideas. It also affected town planning in other countries, such as Italy; the INA-Casa plan – a national public housing plan from the 1950s and '60s – designed several suburbs according to Garden City principles: examples are found in many cities and towns of the country, such as the Isolotto suburb in Florence, Falchera in Turin, Harar in Milan, Cesate Villaggio in Cesate (part of the Metropolitan City of Milan), etc.

More recent application of the principles can be found in different contexts across the world. In Bhutan's capital city Thimphu, for example, the new plan, following the Principles of Intelligent Urbanism, is an organic response to the fragile ecology. Using sustainable concepts, it is a contemporary response to the garden city concept. The Epcot Center in Bay Lake, Florida, took some influence from Howard's Garden City concept while the park was still under construction. Singapore, a tropical city, has over time incorporated various facets of the Garden City concept in its town plans to try and make the country a unique City in a Garden. In the 1970s, the country started including concepts in its town plans to ensure that building codes and land use plans made adequate provisions for greenery and nature to become part of community development, thereby providing a great living environment. In 1996, the National Parks Board was given the mandate to spearhead the development and maintenance of greenery and bring the island's green spaces and parks to the community.

Contemporary town-planning charters like New Urbanism and Principles of Intelligent Urbanism originated with this movement. Today there are many garden cities in the world, but most of them have devolved to dormitory suburbs, which completely differ from what Howard aimed to create.

In 2007, the Town and Country Planning Association marked its 108th anniversary by calling for Garden City and Garden Suburb principles to be applied to the present New Towns and Eco-towns in the United Kingdom. The campaign continued in 2013 with the publication in March of that year of "Creating Garden Cities and Suburbs Today - a guide for councils". Also in 2013, Lord Simon Wolfson announced that he would award the Wolfson Economics Prize for the best ideas on how to create a new garden city.

In 2014 The Letchworth Declaration was published which called for a body to accredit future garden cities in the UK. The declaration has a strong focus on the visible (architecture and layout) and the invisible (social, ownership and governance) architecture of a settlement. One result was the creation of the New Garden Cities Alliance as a community interest company. Its aim is to be complementary to groups like the Town and Country Planning Association and it has adopted TCPA garden city principles as well as those from other groups, including those from Cabannes and Ross's booklet 21st Century Garden Cities of To-morrow [sic].

New garden cities and towns
British Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne announced plans for a new garden city to be built at Ebbsfleet Valley, Kent, in early 2014, with a second also planned as an expansion of Bicester, Oxfordshire. The United Kingdom government announced further plans for garden towns in 2015, supporting both the development of new communities in North Essex and support for sustainable and environmentally-friendly town development in Didcot, Oxfordshire. A "Black Country Garden City" was announced in 2016 with plans to build 45,000 new homes in the West Midlands on brownfield sites.

On 2 January 2017, plans for new garden villages, each with between 1,500 and 10,000 homes, and garden towns each with more than 10,000 houses were announced by the government. These smaller projects have been proposed due to opposition of "urban sprawl" in the garden city projects, as well as such quick expansion to small communities. The first wave of villages to be approved by ministers are to be located in:

 * Long Marston, Warwickshire
 * Oxfordshire Cotswold, Oxfordshire
 * Deenethorpe
 * Culm, Devon
 * Welborne, Hampshire
 * West Carclaze, Cornwall
 * Dunton Hills, Essex
 * Spitalgate Heath, Lincolnshire
 * Halsnead, Merseyside
 * Longcross, Surrey
 * Bailrigg, Lancashire
 * Infinity Garden Village, Derbyshire
 * St Cuthberts, Cumbria
 * North Cheshire, Cheshire

The approved garden towns are to be located in:

 * Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire
 * Taunton, Somerset
 * Harlow & Gilston, Essex-Hertfordshire

Garden suburbs
The concept of garden cities is to produce relatively economically independent cities with short commute times and the preservation of the countryside. Garden suburbs arguably do the opposite. Garden suburbs are built on the outskirts of large cities with no sections of industry. They are therefore dependent on reliable transport allowing workers to commute into the city. Lewis Mumford, one of Howard's disciples, explained the difference as "The Garden City, as Howard defined it, is not a suburb but the antithesis of a suburb: not a rural retreat, but a more integrated foundation for an effective urban life."

The planned garden suburb emerged in the late 19th century as a by-product of new types of transportation were embraced by a newly prosperous merchant class. The first garden villages were built by English estate owners, who wanted to relocate or rebuild villages on their lands. It was in these cases that architects first began designing small houses. Early examples include Harewood and Milton Abbas. Major innovations that defined early garden suburbs and subsequent suburban town planning include linking villa-like homes with landscaped public spaces and roads.

Despite the emergence of the garden suburb in England, the typology flowered in the second half of the 19th century in United States. There were generally two garden suburb typologies, the garden village and the garden enclave. The garden villages are spatially independent of the city but remain connected to the city by railroads, streetcars, and later automobiles. The villages often included shops and civic buildings. In contrast, garden enclaves are typically strictly residential and emphasize natural and private space, instead of public and community space. The urban form of the enclaves was often coordinated through the use of early land use controls typical of modern zoning, including controlled setbacks, landscaping, and materials.

Garden suburbs were not part of Howard's plan and were actually a hindrance to garden city planning—they were in fact almost the antithesis of Howard's plan, what he tried to prevent. The suburbanisation of London was an increasing problem which Howard attempted to solve with his garden city model, which attempted to end urban sprawl by the sheer inhibition of land speculation due to the land being held in trust, and the inclusion of agricultural areas on the city outskirts.

Raymond Unwin, one of Howard's early collaborators on the Letchworth Garden City project in 1907, became very influential in formalizing the garden city principles in the design of suburbs through his work Town Planning in Practice: An Introduction to the Art of Designing Cities and Suburbs (1909). The book strongly influenced the Housing and Town Planning Act of 1909, which provided municipalities the power to develop urban plans for new suburban communities.

Smaller developments were also inspired by the garden city philosophy and were modified to allow for residential "garden suburbs" without the commercial and industrial components of the garden city. They were built on the outskirts of cities, in rural settings. Some notable examples being, in London, Hampstead Garden Suburb, the Sutton Garden Suburb in Benhilton, Sutton, Pinner's Pinnerwood conversation area and the Romford Garden Suburb in Gidea Park and, in Liverpool, Wavertree Garden Suburb. The Gidea Park estate in particular was built during two main periods of activity, 1911 and 1934. Both resulted in some good examples of domestic architecture, by such architects as Wells Coates and Berthold Lubetkin. Thanks to such strongly conservative local residents' associations as the Civic Society, both Hampstead and Gidea Park retain much of their original character.

Bournville Village Trust in Birmingham, UK, is an important residential development which was associated with the growth of 'Cadbury's Factory in a Garden'. Here garden city principles are a fundamental part of the Trust's activity. There are tight restrictions applying to the properties here such as no stonewall cladding.

Howard's influence reached as far as Mexico City, where architect José Luis Cuevas was influenced by the garden city concept in the design of two of the most iconic inner-city subdivisions, Colonia Hipódromo de la Condesa (1926) and Lomas de Chapultepec (1928-9):
 * In 1926, Colonia Hipódromo (a.k.a. Hipódromo de la Condesa), in what is now known as the Condesa area, including its iconic parks Parque México and Parque España
 * In 1928–29, Lomas de Chapultepec

The subdivisions were based on the principles of the garden city as promoted by Ebenezer Howard, including ample parks and other open spaces, park islands in the middle of "grand avenues", such as Avenida Amsterdam in colonia Hipódromo. One unique example of a garden suburb is the Humberstone Garden Suburb in the United Kingdom by the Humberstone Anchor Tenants' Association in Leicestershire, and it is the only garden suburb ever to be built by the members of a workers' co-operative; it remains intact to the present. In 1887 the workers of the Anchor Shoe Company in Humberstone formed a workers' cooperative and built 97 houses.

American architects and partners, Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin were proponents of the movement and after their arrival in Australia to design the national capital Canberra, they produced a number of garden suburb estates, most notably at Eaglemont with the Glenard and Mount Eagle Estates and the Ranelagh and Milleara Estates in Victoria.

The idea of garden suburbs was implemented by the Jewish settlers in Mandate Palestine and later in Israel, as well as in British and French colonial urban areas in Africa.

Related urban design concepts

 * Ecological urbanism
 * EPCOT (concept)
 * European Urban Renaissance
 * Green belt
 * Green urbanism
 * Principles of Intelligent Urbanism
 * Soviet urban planning ideologies of the 1920s
 * Subsistence Homesteads Division
 * Transit Oriented Development
 * Transition Towns
 * Urban forest

title: Garden city movement


text:
User talk:Alma Pater

Hi there, I noticed you've been linking up articles with their Russian equivalent, and just wanted to welcome you to en (so that your talk page doesn't show up as red any more! :) ). All the best. Anilocra 22:59, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ThanX Alma Pater 10:55, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hi, I noted that you wrote the article for Trys Milijonai; would it be possible to put up an English translation, or provide me with one? There doesn't appear to be one available anywhere on the Internet.Dev920 17:01, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

 * This article wrote in essence User:Introvert (with my very very small help). English text surely does not exist; there is an occasion to test BabelFishTranslation with the literal Russian translation:
 * It can be, we too much and too for long they warred
 * It can be, too for long was repeated word "glory"

etc. - Alma Pater 17:09, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

authentication
The vote in support of closing the "Siberian" Wikipedia is mine. --Alma Pater 21:26, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:03, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alma Pater


text: User talk:81.180.210.216

title: User talk:81.180.210.216