text:
Elvin Hayes

Elvin Ernest Hayes (born November 17, 1945), nicknamed "the Big E", is an American former professional basketball player and radio analyst for his alma mater Houston Cougars. He is a member of the NBA's 50th and 75th anniversary teams, and an inductee in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Known for both his offensive and defensive prowess, Hayes is often regarded as one of the best power forwards in NBA history. Hayes is also known for his longevity, being third all-time in NBA minutes played (at exactly 50,000), and missing only nine games during his 16-season career.

Early life
In Hayes' senior year at Britton High School, he led his team to the state championship, after averaging 35 points a game during the regular season. In the championship game victory, Hayes scored 45 points and grabbed 20 rebounds.

College career
In 1966, Hayes led the Houston Cougars into the Western Regional semifinals of the 1966 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament before the Cougars lost to the Pac-8 champion Oregon State Beavers. In 1967, Hayes led the Cougars to the Final Four of the 1967 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. He would attempt 31 field goals, score 25 points, and get 24 rebounds in a 73–58 semifinal loss to the eventual champion UCLA Bruins featuring Lew Alcindor (now Kareem Abdul-Jabbar). Hayes' rebounding total is second to Bill Russell's Final Four record of 27.

On January 20, 1968, Hayes and the Houston Cougars faced Alcindor and the UCLA Bruins in the first-ever nationally televised regular-season college basketball game. In front of a record 52,693 fans at the Houston Astrodome, Hayes scored 39 points and had 15 rebounds while limiting Alcindor to just 15 points as Houston beat UCLA 71–69 to snap the Bruins' 47-game winning streak in what has been called the "Game of the Century". That game helped Hayes earn The Sporting News College Basketball Player of the Year.

In the rematch to the "Game of the Century", Hayes faced Alcindor and UCLA in the 1968 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena. UCLA coach John Wooden had the Bruins play a "triangle and two" zone defense with Alcindor playing behind Hayes and Lynn Shackleford fronting him. Hayes was held to 10 points, losing to Alcindor and the Bruins 101–69 in the semi-final.

Hayes led Houston in scoring in each of three seasons (1966: 27.2 points per game, 1967: 28.4, and 1968: 36.8). For his college career, Hayes averaged 31.0 points per game and 17.2 rebounds per game. He has the most rebounds in NCAA tournament history at 222. While a student at Houston, Hayes was initiated into the Alpha Nu Omega Chapter of the Iota Phi Theta fraternity alongside fellow future Hall of Famer Calvin Murphy.

With his departure from college, Hayes was the first overall selection in both the 1968 NBA draft and 1968 ABA draft. He was taken by the San Diego Rockets and Houston Mavericks, respectively.

San Diego / Houston Rockets (1968–1972)
Hayes joined the NBA with the San Diego Rockets in 1968 and went on to lead the NBA in scoring with 28.4 points per game, averaged 17.1 rebounds per game, and was named to the NBA All-Rookie Team. Hayes' scoring average is the fifth best all-time for a rookie, and he remains the last rookie to lead the NBA in scoring average. He scored a career-high 54 points against the Detroit Pistons on November 11, 1968.

In Hayes' second season, he led the NBA in rebounding, becoming the first player other than Bill Russell or Wilt Chamberlain to lead the category since 1957 (Chamberlain was injured during much of the season). In Hayes' third season, 1970–71, he scored a career-best 28.7 points per game. In 1971, the Rockets moved to Houston, enabling Hayes to play in the city of his college triumphs.

Baltimore / Capital / Washington Bullets (1972–1981)
After a series of conflicts with Houston coach Tex Winter, Hayes was traded away to the Baltimore Bullets for Jack Marin and undisclosed considerations on June 23, 1972.

In the 1974 NBA Playoffs, during the franchise's only year called the Capital Bullets, Hayes averaged postseason career-bests of 25.9 points and 15.9 rebounds per game in a Bullets 4–3 first round series loss to the New York Knicks.

Hayes, along with co-star Wes Unseld, led the Washington Bullets to three NBA Finals appearances (1975, 1978 and 1979), and an NBA title over the Seattle SuperSonics in 1978. On March 3, 1978, Hayes set a career-high of 11 blocks in a single game, while also scoring 22 points and grabbing 27 rebounds, in a 124–108 win over the Detroit Pistons. During the Bullets' championship run that postseason, while aided by the addition of Bob Dandridge, Hayes averaged 21.8 points and 12.1 rebounds per game in 21 playoff games, as Washington won their only NBA title to date.

Hayes set an NBA Finals record for most offensive rebounds in a game (11), the following year, in a May 27, 1979 game against the SuperSonics. The Chicago Bulls' Dennis Rodman would tie this record twice, both games coming in the 1996 NBA Finals, also against the SuperSonics.

Return to the Rockets (1981–1984)
Desiring to finish his playing career in Texas and preferably Houston, Hayes was sent back to the Rockets for second-round draft picks in 1981 (Charles Davis) and 1983 (Sidney Lowe) on June 8, 1981.

Coaching career
After his playing career ended in 1984, Hayes was hired as the head coach of the Houston Shamrocks of the newly founded Women's American Basketball Association. However, Hayes only lasted two weeks and resigned after coaching the team for one game.

After basketball
Shortly after finishing his career in the NBA, Hayes returned to the University of Houston to finish the last 30 credit hours of his undergraduate degree. When interviewed about the experience, Hayes mentioned, "I played 16 years of pro basketball, but this is the hardest thing I've ever done."

In November 2007, Hayes became a Liberty County, Texas, sheriff's deputy, fulfilling a childhood dream. On November 22, 2010, it was announced that he would serve as an analyst for radio broadcasts of Houston Cougars games on Houston's KBME.

Hayes had his #44 jersey retired by the Houston Rockets on November 18, 2022.

Personal life
Hayes converted to Catholicism in the 1970s.

Stats and honors
In his career with the San Diego / Houston Rockets and the Baltimore / Capital / Washington Bullets, Hayes played 1,303 games over 16 seasons, registering 27,313 points (twelfth all-time) and 16,279 rebounds (fourth all-time). He is the all-time leading scorer for the Washington Bullets/Wizards. Hayes never missed more than two games in any of his 16 seasons in the NBA. In addition to his 1968 scoring title, he led the NBA in rebounding in 1970 and 1974. Hayes played in 12 straight NBA All-Star Games from 1969 to 1980. He retired holding the NBA record for total regular-season minutes played, with exactly 50,000.

Hayes was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1990. He was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996 and voted to the NBA 75th Anniversary Team in 2021. He boycotted the Hall of Fame beginning in 1990 and refused to return until Guy Lewis, his coach at the University of Houston, was admitted.

In 2003, Hayes was inducted into the Breitbard Hall of Fame, which honors San Diego's finest athletes.

NBA

 * List of NBA career games played leaders
 * List of NBA franchise career scoring leaders
 * List of NBA career scoring leaders
 * List of NBA career rebounding leaders
 * List of NBA career blocks leaders
 * List of NBA career personal fouls leaders
 * List of NBA career free throw scoring leaders
 * List of NBA career minutes played leaders
 * List of NBA career playoff blocks leaders
 * List of NBA single-game blocks leaders
 * List of NBA annual scoring leaders
 * List of NBA annual rebounding leaders
 * List of NBA annual minutes played leaders
 * List of NBA single-season rebounding leaders
 * List of NBA rookie single-season scoring leaders

College

 * List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 60 or more points in a game
 * List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 2000 points and 1000 rebounds
 * List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career rebounding leaders

title: Elvin Hayes


text:
Pakistan Television Corporation

Pakistan Television Corporation (reporting name: PTV) is the Pakistani state-owned broadcaster founded by the Government of Pakistan, operating under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. It was established on 26 November 1964, with a pilot television station established at Lahore.

Historical context
The idea of establishing a media and television industry was conceived in late 1956 and created by the privately set up national education commission, with the support of President Ayub Khan in 1960. In 1961, the private sector media mogul and industrialist Syed Wajid Ali launched a television industrial development project, bringing the role of Ubaidur Rahman, an electrical engineer in the Engineering Division of Radio Pakistan, as the project director of the first television station in Lahore. Ali reached a milestone in 1961 after establishing a private television broadcasting company with the cooperation of Nippon Electric Company (NEC) of Japan and Thomas Television International of the United Kingdom.

In 1963, a public meeting was chaired by President Ayub Khan; in which the government made decisions about the Pakistan Television stations and the media industry in the country. Since 1963, its headquarters are in Islamabad, near the Cabinet Secretariat. From 1961 to 1962, a television headquarters was established in Lahore and several pilot transmission tests were taken by Rahman's team. Subsequently, many television divisions were established throughout Pakistan by this team, including East-Pakistan.

First-ever broadcast and private ownership
On 26 November 1964, after an introduction by Syed Wajid Ali, the first-ever news broadcast was done which was beamed as a black and white transmission by the PTV. The first programme, formatted by Thomson Television International, telecast amateur programmes with foreign films; the television division in the Punjab Province was established with the help of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the Colombo Plan, and the Government of Japan. Aslam Azhar (1932–- 29 December 2015) was appointed the first managing director of the Pakistan Television in charge of all the staffing requirements at the first PTV Lahore Center. This first managing director and executive Aslam Azhar is widely considered to be the "father of Pakistan Television". Private industries commercials were permitted with no fee; initially all the commercials of industrial conglomerates were tax-free with no additional charges.

The PTV remained under the private sector management with more than half of the shares were sold to Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in a fear that all shares would fall into the hands of government in the name of greater interest of the country.

The project began with a tent on the back lot of Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation by Ubaidur Rahman where a transmission tower and a studio were constructed by his team. On 26 November 1964, President Ayub Khan inaugurated the first official television station commencing transmission broadcasts from Lahore, followed by Dacca on 25 December 1964 (then the capital of East Pakistan; renamed to Bangladesh Television in 1971), a third centre was established in Rawalpindi and Islamabad in 1965 and the fourth in Karachi in 1966. On 29 May 1967, a private company was established as Pakistan Television Corporation under the Company Act, 1913, whereas the private sector remained charged with broadcasting on the television. At that time, all studio programmes were telecasted live as no VTR recording machines were available, which were made available in 1968.

Nationalization of Pakistan Television
After the Indo-Pakistani war in 1971, the PTV was nationalized and brought in completely under the government-ownership management by the then President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's government. Communication network expansion was vast by the PTV and government publicly funded its infrastructure expansion all over the country.

Promotion of regional literature, science-fiction miniseries, country music, and romanticizing rural values in drama playwrights were on-aired by the PTV, at the behest of public funding by the Government of Pakistan. The PTV was considered as source of major national integration.

Microwave National Network was established among the centres of PTV in 1973 while Quetta and Peshawer centers were started in 1974.

The PTV transmission switched over from its original black and white to color transmission in 1975. Regional headquarters of PTV and television centers were established in Peshawar and Quetta in 1974. In 1977–78, the PTV broadcast the live Cricket match between England vs. Pakistan. During this time, the PTV's interview programming series brought many scientists, politicians, sportsmen, actors, musicians, and artists to public fame.

Development
By the 1980s, the transmissions of PTV could be reached over 90% area of Pakistan. In 1980s, the PTV was the sole provider of television, and dominated the electronic media industry. During 1980s, the conservative ideas were promoted on the PTV as part of the government policy, and heavy investments were made on the promotion of education programming series.

In 1990s, the PTV's programming was said initially to have intellectual appeal but succumbed to commercial pressure. In 1992, the composition of PTV's programming was based upon on 56% of entertainment, and only 25% of news and educational programmes. About 54% of national programming was based on Urdu and only 16% accounted for English.

State capital revenue
Unlike other state-run corporations, Pakistan Television Corporation was allowed by the Government of Pakistan to raise a sizable amount of private capital to finance the stations. This includes a Rs. 35 per month TV fee charge to all consumers of electricity.

Censorship
PTV, being the state broadcaster, has exclusive access to telecast parliamentary sessions. It has been observed to censor speeches of opposition leaders on several occasions. During March 2024, the broadcaster censored the speeches of Akhtar Mengal, Asad Qaiser, Mahmood Khan Achakzai, and Omar Ayub. The speeches of Achakzai, Ayub, and Mengal were completely blacked out for speaking about Pakistani military's interference in the political process. In response, the lawmakers submitted a privilege motion against the broadcaster.

Channels
PTV operates the following channels:
 * PTV Home – 24-hour HD Entertainment channel (the original PTV also called as PTV ONE), the transmission is broadcast across Pakistan on terrestrial network and worldwide through satellite. The content of the terrestrial and satellite channel is different, for example, terrestrial programming includes live telecast of Pakistan's cricket matches but satellite channel cannot broadcast these matches.
 * PTV News – 24-hour Urdu HD News Channel which can be viewed in many parts of the globe. Replaced PTV World in 2007.
 * PTV Sports– 24-hour HD Sports channel that started its regular transmission from January 2012, it was planned in 2003 in Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali's tenure but not launched due to political reasons. Now it's a cricket channel which is scrambled and not free for viewers on satellite. Another channel for sports is in pipeline since February 2016.
 * PTV World – 24-hour SD English News and Current affairs channel. Started as PTV-2 in 1992 as first satellite channel of Pakistan, was given a new name of PTV World in 1998 later and went off air in 2007, it was re-launched in January 2013.
 * PTV Global – Offered exclusively for the Pakistani diaspora in the United States on Dish Network, and Europe.
 * PTV National – An emphasis on broadcasting programmes in different languages to represent the whole of Pakistan.
 * AJK TV [PTV Azad Jammu & Kashmir] – For the residents of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
 * PTV Bolan – For speakers of Balochi Pashto and Brahvi.
 * PTV Parliament – Launched on 30 May 2018, brings live proceedings of Pakistani parliament and its committees.
 * PTV Teleschool - Launched on 14 April 2020, to compensate for academic loss in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

PTV Films Division
On 9 June 2022 Minister of Information and Broadcasting Marriyum Aurangzeb and PTV launches PTV Films Division along with another initiative was being launched by the name of PTV Flix which would feature the 75 years of rich content in the form of dramas, films and other genres in the archives of PTV. The purpose of these is to bring films to the PTV screen but also to generate quality content in the country.

Training academy
Established in 1987, Pakistan Television Academy is an apex TV institution in Pakistan, which imparts professional training in disciplines of television broadcast technology. It is headed by a full-time director and assisted by a team of television professionals who are members of the academic faculty.

PTV personalities
• Kanwal Naseer – First female and first female  face of Pakistan Television.

• Sabri Brothers – Renowned Qawwali Singers And PTV Performers

• Laeeq Ahmed – First TV Compere, First Commentator and Anchor Person. He was the only person who was awarded PTV awards in three different categories

• Aziz Mian – Renowned Qawwali Singer And PTV Performer

• Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan – Renowned Qawwali And Ghazal Singer & A PTV Performer

• Zulfiqar Ali Bukhari – father of broadcasting in Pakistan; appointed first General Manager of PTV - Karachi Center in 1967, but soon resigned due to political differences with Ayub Khan regime

• Agha Nasir – PTV Producer/Director of Programming at Lahore Centre

• Akhtar Waqar Azeem – Programs Manager, PTV Lahore Center

• Ashfaq Ahmed – author of PTV drama serials

• Zia Mohyeddin – anchorperson on PTV Shows in the 1970s

• Tariq Aziz - Host of the longest running quiz show

• Muneeza Hashmi – producer of PTV Programs in the 1970s; daughter of renowned poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz

• Fazila Qazi

• Firdous Jamal – TV actor

• Qavi Khan – TV actor

• Kashif Mehmood – TV actor

• Irfan Khoosat – TV actor

• Ayesha Sana – TV actress

• Naeem Qasim – TV actor

• Nauman Ejaz – TV actor

• Anwar Maqsood - Host

• Bushra Ansari - Actress

• Sohail Rana - Musician. Kalion ki Mala program

• Moin Akhter – TV comedian

• Sohail Ahmed – TV comedian

• Tariq Aziz – TV host

• Shoaib Mansoor – TV producer-director

• Mahmood Ali - Actor

• Hareem Arif - news castor

• Zubairuddin - news castor

• Behroze Sabzwari -Actor

• Roohi Bano - Actress

• Khalida Riyasat -Actress

• Iqbal Ansari

• Amjad Islam Amjad – author of PTV dramas

• Ghayyur Akhtar – TV actor

• Masood Akhtar – TV actor

• Aurangzaib Laghari – TV actor

• Haseena Moin - author of PTV dramas

• Munnu Bhai – author of PTV dramas

• Rashid Mehmood – TV actor

• Obaidullah Baig – TV host

• Siddiq Ismail – Naat Khawan

• Dildar Pervaiz Bhatti – TV host

• Mumtaz Hamid Rao – director of news

• Fatima Surayya Bajia – TV drama writer

• Javed Jabbar – TV film director

• Mehreen Jabbar – TV film director

• Khalid Mahmood Khan - Calligrapher Store

• Mohammed Ehteshamuddin

• Jan Muhammad Baloch

• Tufail Niazi – renowned folk singer and PTV performer

• Anwar Sajjad – author of PTV dramas

• Kazim Pasha

• Rauf Khalid

• Saadia Afzaal – TV host

• Errol Silverman - TV host

• Tariq Mairaj

• Zafar Mairaj

• Tauseeq Haider

• Kanwal Naseer – TV news anchorperson

• Mustansar Hussain Tarar – PTV anchorperson

• Alam Lohar – renowned folk singer and PTV performer

• Yasin Joyia – GM Weekend world and GM NTM

• Akbar Rizvi - Writer

• Mahpara Safdar - newscaster

• Obaidullah Aleem - Senior Producer Karachi Station

• Ahmad Jawad - Anchor Person PTV Current Affairs programs "News Morning", "Visitor Book", "News Night", "Election Cell".

• Suraiya Shahab, newscaster

• Azhar Lodhi, newscaster

• Khalid Hameed, newscaster

• Abdus Salam, newscaster

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pakistan Television Corporation


text:
Chuukese

Chuukese (also Trukese) may refer to:

 * anything from
 * Chuuk State
 * Chuuk Lagoon
 * Chuukese people
 * Chuukese language

title: Chuukese


text:
User talk:Lostsocks

FNORD
Hi! This is Icarus!, being non-Wiki (I'm not logged in...), saying thanx for the work on the Discordianism page! Keep it up!24.176.20.60 17:40, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

Spoiler tags
I think most admins would consider adding spoiler tags to Bible to be vandalism. Please don't do it.  OhNo itsJamie Talk 20:30, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

 * ( Fine - but that article ruined the ending for me. I hadn't finished it yet!

-- user:Lostsocks

The Game
I just lost the game.Sumthingweird 13:31, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Warning for disruptive editing relating to Power Rangers
Please stop your disruptive editing. If your vandalism continues, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. --Jerzy•t 02:39, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lostsocks


text:
Talk:Inselberg

Merge
I think that this article should be merged with inselberg, with the exception of the origin of the name, the material covered is nearly identical --Leonsimms 18:41, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Um...There's a redirect from Inselberg to Monadnock. --YixilTesiphon Say hello Consider my Wikiproject idea 16:54, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Because the title of the page is monadnock, I presumed this would be the preferred term on English WP, and changed "inselberg" to "monadnock" where the former was being used as a generic term. "Examples of monadnocks" being immediately followed by "Notable inselbergs include..." was rather jarring. --Jnik 19:14, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Tepuis
Are Tepuis a type of Monadnock? If so, should the be added to the list? --NoahElhardt 02:44, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

 * And is the Devils Tower in Wyoming? Dricherby (talk) 10:41, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

article name - requested move
As the US is the only country to refer to these formations as monadnocks, with inselbergs being more widely used I think this article should be moved to the title "Inselberg" and the terminology changed accordingly. -- Brideshead (leave a message) 22:30, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I would have to agree that it should be titled "inselberg" rather than "monadnock". Inselberg is the more international term, to put this in perspective there are over 600 scientific articles with the word inselberg vs. 200 with monadnock (number estimate from Google scholar advance search). --orangesquid —Preceding undated comment was added at 07:27, 27 October 2008 (UTC).

 * I've studied in the US, and never heard of Modanock... I was taught the term Inselburg, recently I've learned of another term bornhardt which apparently has the same meaning.132.160.43.101 (talk) 22:28, 3 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Oppose. I am not a geologist, but I have heard of monadnock; although I can see why Inselberg would mean the same thing, I am unfamiliar with it. We are edited for lay readers and not for specialists; and English names should be preferred to German ones. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 05:26, 5 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Approve.A bit of background...I study the flora of granite outcrops, and I acknowledge there are a variety of ways to name this landform, but I feel strongly that the article title should be "inselberg". This is the most common term used in science, geology, ecology, and international (not just German) literature. Prior to checking out the wikipedia article, i had never heard the term "monadnock" before (maybe it is more of an Eastern US word). If you want to get into the etymology of naming, "inselberg" (German origin) has more in common with the English language than "monadnock" (Abnacki origin).Orangesquid (talk) 10:11, 5 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your useful and moderate comments. On one point only: let's avoid the etymological test. To pick extremes, teak is an English word; dryhten isn't. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 19:20, 5 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Ok, fair enough. I am still opting for Inselberg though because that is the term that I most commonly use when looking for, writing about, or discussing this kind of land form (I admit occasionally geek out and talk about rocks with friends). Orangesquid (talk) 20:34, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Is it possible that "monadnock" refers exclusively to larger structures? Things like Murphy's Haystacks, South Australia are referred to as "inselbergs", but I couldn't find any instances of something on that scale being referred to as a monadnock. 210.161.33.186 (talk) 01:53, 11 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Monadnock is clearly the more common use per the google test.
 * Results 1 - 10 of about 1,010,000 for Monadnock
 * Results 1 - 10 of about 125,000 for Inselberg
 * Also, it's not clear that the two terms refer to the same concept. Perhaps two separate articles is the solution here, each referring to the other.  --Born2cycle (talk) 17:10, 11 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment I would have to say that most of the Monadnock's in Google are about Mount Monadnock, based on the few that I checked, and not about the type of structure. Of the first 100 hits 96 appeared to be related to the Mount Monadnock region, one was an architect named Monadnock in the Netherlands, one was about the Monadnock Building in SF, one was a dictionary definition that said see inselberg, and only this article was about the type of structure. 199.125.109.59 (talk) 03:51, 13 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Compelling, but I don't see it.
 * Results 1 - 10 of about 982,000 for monadnock
 * Results 1 - 10 of about 833,000 for Monadnock -"Mount Monadnock"
 * Results 1 - 10 of about 752,000 for Monadnock -hike
 * Excluding hits on Mount Monadnock or "hike" does not make a big difference.
 * Results 1 - 10 of about 24,000 for monadnock +formation
 * Results 1 - 10 of about 11,900 for inselberg +formation
 * Monadnock wins with formation, 2:1.
 * Results 1 - 10 of about 17,800 for inselberg +rock
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 173,000 for monadnock +rock</tt>
 * Monadnock wins with rock, 10:1.
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 8,220 for inselberg +geology</tt>
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 19,700 for Monadnock +geology</tt>
 * Monadnock wins with geology, over 2:1.
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 3,970 for Monadnock +geologist</tt>
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 1,060 for Inselberg +geologist</tt>
 * Monadnock wins with geologist, 4:1.
 * I'm willing to change my mind on this, but I need to see some evidence. --Born2cycle (talk) 15:33, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Comment Interesting take on the "google test", but i still don't agree with the previous conclusion. If you repeat the same methods, but refine the search to peer reviewed articles within google scholar (filtered to remove monadnock or inselberg as author name, restricted to "biology, life science, and environmental science") you get very different results.

 * Inselberg wins, 3:1
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 250 for monadnock</tt>
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 201 for Monadnock -"Mount Monadnock"</tt>
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 624 for inselberg</tt>

 * Inselberg wins with formation, 4:1.
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 66 for monadnock +formation</tt>
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 256 for inselberg +formation</tt>

 * Inselberg wins with rock, 3:1
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 88 for monadnock +rock</tt>
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 277 for inselberg +rock</tt>

 * Inselberg wins with geology, 3:1
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 44 for Monadnock +geology</tt>
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 114 for inselberg +geology</tt>

 * Inselberg wins with species, 3:1
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 180 for Monadnock +species</tt>
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 512 for Inselberg +species</tt>

 * Inselberg wins with ecology, 5:1
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 87 for Monadnock +ecology</tt>
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 414 for Inselberg +ecology</tt>

 * Inselberg wins with biology, 4:1
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 72 for Monadnock +biology</tt>
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 313 for Inselberg +biology</tt>

 * Inselberg wins with biodiversity, 8:1
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 29 for Monadnock +biodiversity</tt>
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 244 for Inselberg +biodiversity</tt>

 * Inselberg wins with biogeography, 9:1
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 17 for Monadnock +biogeography</tt>
 * <tt>Results 1 - 10 of about 148 for Inselberg +biogeography</tt>

 * Conclusion: Use inselberg when talking about geology, biology, or ecology associated with this kind of land form, term applicable internationally for both temperate and tropical regions. Less commonly used as a name, more often used as a general description of rock form. Use monadnock when referring to a specific name of a place (Monadnock State Park) or region (in New Hampsire)only applicable within the temperate zone of eastern United States. Orangesquid (talk) 05:52, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I thought that a monadnock was any isolated mountain on a peneplain, but an inselberg was a type of isolated mountain that tends to arise from desert-type erosion. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 10:23, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Note from WP:RM: I'm relisting this for further discussion on WP:RM. This doesn't seem to be finished yet.  The discussion will be re-evaluated in five days time. Thank you.--Aervanath lives in the Orphanage 17:07, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

As a late-comer, I would still point out that a) The main US use (if monadnock indeed be the main use) must not be confused with the main overall English use, and that very few non-USanians would be likely to search with what appears to be a Native-American term. Even "Kopje" is likely to be more internationally popular. b) An argument above that English terms should be prefered above German, is entirely specious, because both terms are loan words foreign to the English language. In fact, "Inselberg" arguably has the better claim of being English through the close relation between German and English, the (I presume) earlier borrowing, and (as already stated) greater international use.

Generally, I feel that many USanians are in the unfortunate habit of equating correct English with "American", see US culture as the natural basis for the English WP, etc. This is a complete misunderstanding: The English WP is the English language WP, not the US national WP. 188.100.206.102 (talk) 13:01, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Cleanup, January 2008 (including comments about the controversy, above)
Several references here were url-code only (no other information provided) and fell on deadlinks; I removed these and some of the information they supposedly supported. I also removed the section on flora, as it pertained specifically to flora in Australia, not to inselbergs/monadnocks in general. Perhaps this material could be reintroduced in a more limited and less narrowly-aimed fashion. I also removed some information that was not supported by references, and left citation tags in front of others.

I proveded references that demonstrate the use of the term monadnock, although I have no problem with this article being called inselberg instead. One term is as good as another. I also added information showing subtle distinctions between the two terms. However, the general non-consenus among geologists indicated by the material and references provided should caution any absolute definition here in this article.

I don't object to the reintroduction of some of the material I cut out, but please do provide good references and do make sure that the material is germaine to the entire topic, i.e. it should not be phrased in such a way as to favor one geologic opinion over another.

Finally, I removed the long list of examples to List of inselbergs, (favoring the broader, non-USA specific term), per WP:NOT and I reworked the image formatting and over-clustering. --Pgagnon999 (talk) 02:12, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

Regarding the interchangeability of the two terms, see this german-english engineering dictionary (electronic scan of print): here And here in this British geology text and here in the Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms published by the American Geological Institute--Pgagnon999 (talk) 02:20, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

And see here in this USDA glossary regarding the subtle distinction between the two that some geologic opinions ascribe to; and here by a geologist who considers the two to be interchangeable, page 7, second column: "There is a general homology between all (fluvially sculpted) landscapes. The differences between landforms of humid-temperate, semiarid, and arid environments are differences only of degree. Thus, for instance, monadnocks and inselbergs are homologous."--Pgagnon999 (talk) 02:42, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

Ayer's Rock and the Olgas
Surely two of the most impressive examples must be Ayer's rock or The Olgas in Australia. Could they be included or am I mistaken that they are not monadnocks?Brinerustle (talk) 18:41, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

Separate monadnock and inselberg
According to Whittow's Physical Geography, the terms "monadnock" and "inselberg" are not synonymous. Under "inselberg" we read "Although it may appear to bear a morphological resemblance to a monadnock [an inselberg] is thought to be derived by the process of parallel retreat of slopes in which pediments encroach into residual uplands during the process of pediplanation. The inselberg is the end product of this encroachment and may occur as an isolated hill or in a residual group of hills." It then goes on to distinguish between a "bornhordt" and other formations. By contrast the "monadnock" is "an isolated hill or type of residual due to denudation which has left it rising conspicuously above a gently rolling plain ... usually but not necessarily related to an outcrop of more resistant rocks...". I therefore suggest we create a separate article on "inselberg", highlighting the difference and providing cross-references. --Bermicourt (talk) 16:19, 26 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Bermicourt's description is closer to my recollection than the article, which rolls far too many types of landform under the heading "Inselberg". I was taught that this term referred to a peak _in a desert environment only_ which became isolated by the upward accretion and merger of alluvial fans and bolsons. Casu Marzu (talk) 23:43, 4 January 2018 (UTC) Casu Marzu (talk) 23:43, 4 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Interesting, I have seen a difference being pointed out earlier but only in creationist geomorphology . No such difference is mentioned in the relevant entries of Encyclopedia of Geomorphology (e.g. Piotr Migoń) nor in the work of other "inselberg people" like Karna Lidmar-Bergström or Charles Rowland Twidale. As for "far too many types" I think it is wrong assement, landforms always comes with many variations. I would rather say there are relatively few well defined inselberg types, compare to "volcano" that includes a myriad of subtypes like maars, cinder cones, calderas, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, etc. Lappspira (talk) 00:06, 5 January 2018 (UTC)

 * There used to be separate articles until they were merged a couple of years ago (see discussion below). Having studied under Twidale some 25 years ago, my recollection of his position is that historically the term "monadnock" was of U.S. origin, and was developed as an element of W.M. Davis' concept of cycles of denudation and peneplain development, while the terms "inselberg" and "bornhardt" were created by German geomorphologists working in Africa. In his Analysis of Landforms (1978), Twidale mentions "monadnock" only twice, once in discussing Davis' contribution to the history of of theories of landscape evolution (p404), while on p420 he has" "Possibly because the Sherman Surface was earlier called a peneplain, residual remnants rising from it have been called monadnocks, though again they are so steep-sided that they would be called inselbergs by many workers." In his Australian Landforms: Structure, Process, Time (1993), the index has only 3 entries for "monadnock", while "inselberg" has 23 entries. The term "inselberg" is far more generic and widely used, so I don't support the creation of a separate article for "monadnock". Bahudhara (talk) 02:38, 5 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Bahudhara, I agree you. Indeed I suspect the term monadnock has been neglected in more modern literature. I do think if we can source things like those you said then that would make good content in the article by clarifying things. Here is a link to a 1968 text by Twidale explaining his view by then. Lappspira (talk) 03:11, 5 January 2018 (UTC)

Kopje
The word Kopje is not used in Southern Africa. Koppie, yes, but not Kopje. Dutch is not a language spoken in Southern Africa.--Michael (talk) 17:16, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Whilst I agree that Afrikaans is not the same language as Dutch, you must agree with me that Afrikaans is based on Dutch mainly (I won't go into the historical and linguistic details here). In that sense it is not completely useless from an etymological viewpoint to mention the word kopje.-- Joekiedoe (talk) 06:37, 18 April 2020 (UTC)

On the reasons for moving this article to inselberg
This article is about a geomorpholgical feature. Monadnock and inselberg are synonyms. It is the geomorphological and geological literature that is relevant when deciding the name of the article. Becuase I see some older inactive discussions in the this talk page about the name I will explain my rationale for renaming the article inselberg here.

 * Scholarly Google hits: If we check Google Scholar for hits (Google n-gram yields to few hits) inselberg yields as of 2015 about 10,500 while monadnock yields 7,000. The gap is larger when we take into consideration modern post-1990 literature. There we have 8,500 scholarly hits for inselberg and 4,000 hits for monadnock. A simmilar relation exist for post 2000 articles. That is near the twice amount. If we check for the geographical distribution of the terms "monadnock" is clearly more restricted to specific region (North America) than inselberg. Uluru/Ayers Rock is referred many times more as an inselberg than a monadnock, just to take an example. Thus inselberg is both a more international term and more used.

 * Authoritative international literature: In the extensive international work Encyclopedia of Geomorphology (2004), that is edited by Andrew Goudie and host the collaborations of numerous leading geomorphologists, the entry name is "inselberg". The author of the entry in question is Piotr Migoń, and over-all when searching the other entries of the pdf-version of the encyclopedia inselberg occur more times than monadnock. Note that in a work like an encyclopedia the entry names are well thought as to have a top-level terminology and avoid duplication (monadnock entry do not exist in Encyclopedia of Geomorphology).

--Lappspira (talk) 13:45, 12 September 2015 (UTC)

Requested move 12 September 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved. The consensus is that the proposed title is more common in modern sources and that ENGVAR does not apply in this case, though it should be noted it can apply to titles. Note that a history swap also had to be performed in order to preserve some attribution history. Jenks24 (talk) 16:52, 28 September 2015 (UTC)

Monadnock → Inselberg – per the most common and geographically most distributed use in relevant scientific literature. Lappspira (talk) 13:53, 12 September 2015 (UTC) Relisted. Jenks24 (talk) 12:42, 20 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment this appears to be a WP:ENGVAR issue, since the nominator states differences between English dialects, thus wP:RETAIN says we use the earliest existing version. Then Monadnock has primacy over Inselberg -- 70.51.202.113 (talk) 07:13, 15 September 2015 (UTC)
 * 'Comment. The policy the IP cites is not a naming convention; it is about English variety. Im glad this is not a democracy because the reasons the IP cites are invalid. The article title should reflect scholarly usage. Inselberg is both more common and more neutral/international than monanock. Lappspira (talk) 17:21, 15 September 2015 (UTC)
 * IT DOES concern article titles and article content, per Talk:Yogurt where the article title was settled via RETAIN and ENGVAR. You cannot write the article in one dialect and have the article title at another dialect, which does not match the word used in the text of the article, and have that make sense. The article title should conform with the spelling used in the article. Since the spelling in the article is the purview of RETAIN and ENGVAR, the article title would then necessarily follow it. -- 70.51.202.113 (talk) 05:18, 16 September 2015 (UTC)
 * 70.51.202.113, this is about scientific usage not English varieties. What they said in the article yogurt is irrelevant here. Lappspira (talk) 16:46, 16 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Although I'm more used to monadnock, I would say go with the more common term in the professional lit - and that would appear to be inselberg. Vsmith (talk) 18:29, 15 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I found similar results to Lappspira, particularly in the more recent literature (I linked both words with 'topography' to remove results from the many academic authors called 'inselberg' and to reduce the entries referring to Mt Monadnock) - in conclusion I support this move. Mikenorton (talk) 18:48, 15 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Longman's Illustrated Dictionary of Geology (1982) has "monadnock - a residual hill or mountain standing by itself above a peneplain" and "inselberg - an 'island mountain'. A residual hill or mountain with steep sides and a round top that stands by itself in a plain. A type of monadnock". DuncanHill (talk) 16:52, 16 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Morphology and Landscape (Robinson, 1977) uses inselberg (plural inselberge), but does note that it was first used to describe "monadnock-like hills". DuncanHill (talk) 16:58, 16 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment: caution is needed when refering to older geomorphological literature. Many terms are disputed and used variously, see for example peneplain. To do an own historical usage analysis is extremely complex. We need to stay with what most modern geomorphologist and geologists use, and what the modern most authoritative works says. Lappspira (talk) 17:03, 16 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Comment: As these landforms occur worldwide, I favour using the more-widely used term, inselberg. Currently, the description of this landform is in the Monadnock article. Inselberg currently redirects to Monadnock. (Unless evidence were to be found that proved inselbergs are a subset of monadnocks), I support moving appropriate text from the Monadnock article to the Inselberg article and reversing the current redirect so that Monadnock will redirect to Inselberg. GeoWriter (talk) 18:26, 26 September 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Assessment comment
Substituted at 18:57, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Monadnock Etymology: "Single Point"
I am surprised in the etymology section of monadnock it does not point out that "monad" is defined as "a single unit, the number one" and the origin of "nock" is Late Middle English, possibly from Middle Dutch "nocke" meaning "point or tip." Therefore the word "monadnock" could be translated as "single point," which sounds a lot like "an isolated rock hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain." Mseanbrown (talk) 07:21, 28 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Sounds convincing, but we'd need a good source for the etymology. Otherwise we'd be in violation of WP:OR... Any chance you know of one? DanHobley (talk) 12:49, 28 June 2017 (UTC)

 * The term comes from the Abenaki word menonadenak or menonadenek, meaning "smooth mountain" or "isolated mountain". The presence of "monad" in the English spelling is coincidental. --Ken Gallager (talk) 18:38, 11 August 2022 (UTC)

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Huerfano Butte
Would Huerfano Butte count?--Kintetsubuffalo (talk) 06:48, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Seems to fit the term perfectly. Tomdo08 (talk) 00:24, 13 January 2018 (UTC)

Section Geology needs cleanup
Section Geology mentions volcanic and sedimentary composition, it also mentions nearby plateaus. To my knowledge sedimentary inselbergs may relate to plateaus in the vicinity, volcanic inselbergs do not. Should this be wrong, the relation between volcanic inselbergs and plateaus would need to be described explicitly. I assume this is just bad writing, but I don't know for sure. Tomdo08 (talk) 00:22, 13 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Inselberg


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PTV (Family Guy)

"PTV" is the fourteenth episode in the fourth season of the American animated television series Family Guy. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 6, 2005. The episode sees the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) censor the shows on television after a controversial wardrobe malfunction at the Emmy Awards. Peter starts to create his own TV network which he calls PTV, broadcasting classic shows unedited and uncut, as well as original programming. PTV is a big success, and Stewie and Brian join him, creating shows for the network. Lois calls the FCC to close PTV as she is concerned how children would be influenced by Peter's programming. Not only do the FCC close down the network, but they also start censoring the citizens of Quahog, so the Griffin family travels to Washington, D.C., and convince the Congress to have the FCC's rules reversed.

The episode was written by Alec Sulkin and Wellesley Wild and was directed by Dan Povenmire. The episode is a response to the FCC's measures to the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy. Show creator Seth MacFarlane commented that the episode's plot was inspired by the rage of the Family Guy crew towards the strict rules that the FCC made after the controversy. The episode contains a sequence of various scenes from different previous episodes. Many of the scenes were cut from the episodes they were originally made for owing to Fox's internal censors. With a Nielsen rating of 4.4, "PTV" was the nineteenth most-watched episode of the week in which it was broadcast. The episode gained mostly positive responses from critics, and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour) as well as an Annie Award nomination for directing.

Plot
In a sequence unconnected to the remainder of the episode, Stewie prevents Osama bin Laden from sending a hostile message to the United States by attacking him and killing several of his henchmen (though before that happens, the terrorists were messing around when Laden was unable to recover from slip of the tongue when first making the video), and (in a parody of the opening scene from The Naked Gun) rides off on his Big Wheel, cycling through the scenes from various films and video games. He eventually arrives at his house, where he runs over Homer Simpson. Upon seeing Homer on the ground, Peter asks "Who the hell is that?"

In the episode itself, Peter awakens Lois by noisily installing a red carpet in their bedroom, anticipating watching the Emmy Awards, but Lois forces him to go to Meg's school play (which resembles the musical Godspell) instead. After David Hyde Pierce's wardrobe malfunction during the ceremony, the FCC, led by Cobra Commander, receives an insignificant volume of phone calls concerning the incident, and decides to censor any content from television that could be even slightly harmful to viewers. The censorship is applied to such content as Chrissy Snow's cleavage from Three's Company, Ralph Kramden’s threats of spousal abuse on The Honeymooners and even Dick Van Dyke's name. Peter is outraged, and on advice from Tom Tucker, starts his own TV network, PTV, on which he broadcasts classic shows unedited. He also includes original programming, such as Brian and Stewie's sitcom Cheeky Bastard, Quagmire's Midnight Q, Dogs Humping, and The Peter Griffin Sideboob Hour.

PTV is successful, but Lois is furious about everyone's interest in perverted TV, as she is concerned over how children will be influenced by Peter's programming (in the DVD release, Peter and Cleveland, in a parody of Jackass, defecate on top of Lois' car; the theme to the Jackass parody would later be used in the episode "The Man with Two Brians" while the Griffins are actually watching Jackass). Brian comes to Peter's defense by arguing that parents and legal guardians are the ones who should ultimately take responsibility for what their kids watch—he also notes that there are much worse influences for kids besides what they see in pop culture. Regardless, Lois calls the FCC to have PTV switched off for good. This prompts Peter, along with Brian and Stewie, to perform an elaborate musical number lampooning the FCC's regulations. Although impressed with the song, the arriving FCC representatives shut down PTV. When Peter tells them that they cannot prevent people from being who they are even after they censor television, they decide to take on the challenge.

The representatives start to censor any foul language and inappropriate behavior in Quahog, ruining moments of privacy: a "censor's bar" is pulled over Peter's genitals by FCC employees as he leaves the shower, all expletives are drowned out with an air horn, audible farts are overdubbed with Steven Wright punchlines, and Mayor Adam West is cautioned for shaking his penis more than once after using a urinal. Everyone in Quahog is outraged by this change except for Lois, who believes that the citizens need a lesson in decency. However, she discovers that the FCC's guidelines ultimately prevent her and Peter from having sex. Realizing the consequences of her actions and that they were self-righteous as she haven't sex in two weeks, Lois apologizes to Peter and admits that he was right all along (prompting him to unveil a banner reading "Peter's Right!" which he had set up 15 years earlier in preparation for such an event; a clown was also supposed to appear, but he ended up dying and being reduced to a skeleton).

They lobby Congress to have the FCC's rulings reversed; at first they disagree due to their strong support of the FCC, but they relent when Peter retorts by making them realize the resemblance of many Washington buildings to various private parts, including the Washington Monument to a penis, the Capitol Building to a breast and The Pentagon to an anus. With the oppression of the FCC finally over, Lois congratulates Peter, and the family watches an episode of The Brady Bunch that prominently features toilet humor.

Production
The episode was co-written by Alec Sulkin and Wellesley Wild. Patrick Meighan, John Viener, Cherry Chevapravatdumrong, Tom Devanney and Kirker Butler acted as staff writers in the episode. The plot of "PTV" is a parody of the FCC's measures after Janet Jackson's wardrobe malfunction during the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show. In an interview, MacFarlane was asked where the inspiration to the episode’s plot came from, in his response he commented that "In the case of 'PTV' it came out of rage. Rage over all the crap we have to deal with since Janet Jackson showed her 67 year old boob."

The episode was directed by Dan Povenmire, while Peter Shin contributed as supervising director. Various scenes in "PTV" were taken out of the episode due to Fox's internal censors. As the writers worked on the episode the producers ended up, as the Chicago Tribune describes it, "horse trading" with Fox, removing a body-part reference in exchange for a dirty word. While the writing staff of the show was disappointed with the number of scenes that were removed from the episode, they were happy with the final result. The opening sequence, of which Family Guy's creator Seth MacFarlane was particularly proud, was added into the episode after the producers discovered the episode ran three minutes short. The episode contained a montage which showcased the most bawdy moments of the previous seasons; Povenmire recalled the sequence; about it he stated that "I just found those off the DVD and digitized them and edited them in. Basically because I didn't want to draw all those things! I found the most disgusting images from the first three seasons. And we actually got network notes on two of them saying, 'You're gonna have to cut that!' And I went, 'This has been on the air! And I'm only showing 8 frames of it!' And it turns out we cut them now when they're on the air. So apropos for the FCC episode."

"PTV" and the thirteen other episodes from Family Guy's fourth season were released on a three-disc DVD set in the United States, in Europe, and in Australia on November 16, 2006, April 24, 2006 and May 29, 2006 respectively. The DVDs included brief audio commentaries by Seth MacFarlane, various crew and cast members from several episodes, a collection of deleted scenes, and a special mini-feature that shows director Peter Shin drawing Stewie. The episode was shown in the William S. Paley Television Festival, with which various writers, directors and voice actors of the show assisted.

All the main Family Guy cast members lent their voices to the episode, along with semi-regulars Lori Alan, Adam West, Ralph Garman, Gary Cole and Phil LaMarr. Staff writers Chris Sheridan and John Viener also had minor speaking roles. Guest appearances included voice actors Keith Ferguson, Maurice LaMarche, Hunter Gomez, Wally Wingert, and actress Stacey Scowley. Like with most episodes, the music in the episode was composed by Walter Murphy, including the song titled "The Freaking FCC", with additional music edited by Ron Jones, who also composed for other episodes until 2014.

Cultural references
"PTV" contained various cultural references. "PTV" has been described as a satire on the "government's ever-increasing reach into our living rooms" by Television Watch executive director Jim Dyke. The opening sequence in which Stewie beats up members of Al-Qaeda and then rides his tricycle through various movie and game scenes is a reference to the opening sequence of Bobby's World and The Naked Gun series of films. The movies from which animated scenes are shown are The Wizard of Oz, Ben-Hur, The Shining, and The Sound of Music. Actual footage of The Empire Strikes Back and the video game Doom were also used.

The FCC censors various television shows, such as Ralph Kramden's threats of physical violence in The Honeymooners, two-thirds of Dick Van Dyke's name in The Dick Van Dyke Show ("dick" and "dyke" being slang terms for penis and lesbian, respectively), Archie Bunker and wife Edith dressed as Ku Klux Klan members from All in the Family, John-Boy being caught masturbating in The Waltons and Chrissy Snow's bikini in a Three's Company episode. Former Frasier cast member David Hyde Pierce was briefly mentioned in the episode. The extreme reaction of the FCC to Pierce's incident is a parody of the FCC's reaction to Janet Jackson's "wardrobe malfunction" during Super Bowl XXXVIII. Bob Hope, Wile E. Coyote, Ozzy Osbourne, Cobra Commander, Apache Chief, George W. Bush and Homer Simpson made appearances in cutaway gags. Terrorist Osama bin Laden was depicted prominently in the opening sequence. Stewie and bin Laden's sword fight has the same choreography as Yoda and Count Dooku's fight in the film Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones. In the uncensored version, one of PTV's shows, "Douchebags" is a parody of the MTV's Jackass, both the TV show and its series of films. The end of the episode is a parody to the ending of The Brady Bunch.

Reception
The episode was broadcast on November 6, 2005 on Fox. It gained a Nielsen rating of 4.4, making it the nineteenth most watched program in the week of October 31 to November 6.

The episode was positively received by critics. Maureen Ryan of the Chicago Tribune called "PTV" "Family Guy's most rebellious outing yet". TV Squad critic Ryan Budke considered "PTV" his favorite episode ever. Jacqueline Cutler of The Star-Ledger called "PTV" " the funniest, most sardonic half-hour on TV in a while." While exclusively airing the sixth season of Family Guy for British audiences, BBC Three aired this episode as part of the Family Guy 100th Anniversary special, declaring it to be "The Best Episode...So Far". The Hartford Courant, however, gave it a largely negative review, stating it was "not even funny for a second." MacFarlane revealed in an interview that the crew received a letter of inquiry from the U.S. regulatory board regarding the episode, but much to his surprise, "they actually thought it was funny." The 59th Primetime Emmy Awards opened with Stewie and Brian singing about the upcoming TV season using the tune from "The FCC Song", originating from this episode. The altered version of the song contained references to shows such as Scrubs, Two and a Half Men, The Sopranos and Cavemen. Tom Eames of entertainment website Digital Spy placed the episode at number eight on his listing of the best Family Guy episodes in order of "yukyukyuks" and noted the episode was show writer's "way of aiming all their anger at the agencies who get in the way." He added that episode was "one of those episodes where all the jokes worked" and featured "the show's first over-the-top song numbers". IGN ranked PTV sixth in its "Top 15 Family Guy Episodes," compiled in 2014 for the 15th anniversary of the series.

"PTV" received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in the Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour) category. Povenmire was nominated for an Annie Award for Directing in an Animated Television Production, but lost the award to Peter Shin, who directed the Family Guy episode "North by North Quahog". On June 1, 2007, the FCC song was voted second on The Paley Center for Media special "TV's Funniest Moments," behind The Chris Rock Show segment "Black Progress." The song was also voted sixth on IGN's list of Family Guy's "Top 10 Musical Moments", IGN stated "if there's a song that perfectly resonates what Family Guy is all about, then this is it."

title: PTV (Family Guy)


text:
Prehistoric Ice Man

"Prehistoric Ice Man" is the eighteenth and final episode of the second season of the American animated television series South Park. The 31st episode of the series overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on January 20, 1999. The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker, along with Nancy M. Pimental, and directed by Eric Stough.

Plot
Stan, Kyle, Cartman, and Kenny are inspired to go hunting for crocodiles by watching a Steve Irwin television program in which Irwin is depicted as having a predilection for placing his thumb up an animal's rectum. Cartman causes Kyle to fall into a cave and sends Stan to retrieve him; once in the cave, Stan and Kyle discover a man frozen in ice. The boys retrieve him and take him to Dr. Mephesto to be dissected. Stan and Kyle get into a fight about who really discovered the frozen man and what name they should give him. Dr. Mephesto thaws the ice covering the man and discovers that he is alive and was frozen for only 32 months (according to his clothing brand/style). Despite this, Mephesto and all adults treat him as a prehistoric man and appear to be unable to understand him even though he speaks perfect English. To make his research more lucrative, Mephesto is persuaded by FBI agents to display the man to the public (Kenny is killed when he gets caught under the moving walkway).

Stan and Kyle become upset at the ice man's inhumane treatment, so they decide to set him free. Upon being released, the man (named Larry) returns to his home, only to discover that his wife Leslie has remarried and had two children. Later, as he attempts to refreeze himself, Kyle comes up with a solution for Larry—he takes a train to Des Moines, Iowa since everything there is still like 1996. Dr. Mephesto, Cartman, and the FBI, who have hired Steve Irwin as a tracker, catch up with Larry at the train station, just as he boards a train to Iowa. Irwin wrestles Larry, but the train crashes into a helicopter, killing Irwin as he gets sliced up by the helicopter's propellers. Larry escapes in the helicopter, thanks Stan and Kyle, and heads to Iowa. The FBI agents leave, disappointed as their plan to take over Sweden using Larry failed (much to Dr. Mephesto's confusion). Kyle and Stan decide to bury the hatchet while Cartman—now acting like Steve Irwin —gets his body inadvertently stuck in a cow's rectum.

Production
Australian Outback Guy is a parody of the television series The Crocodile Hunter, and its host, Steve Irwin.

Home media
All 18 episodes of the second season, including "Prehistoric Ice Man", were released on a DVD box set on June 3, 2003.

title: Prehistoric Ice Man


text:
User:Clinggo

My name is clinggo and welcome to my user page please feel free to write on my talk page.

title: User:Clinggo


text:
User talk:Musagetes

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

title: User talk:Musagetes


text:
File:Hilla02.jpg

Adrienne Hill : a low quality image for informational purposes only depicting the subject of the article.

Source: http://shillpages.com/dw/hilla.shtml : the copyright page http://shillpages.com/dw/copyrt.htm declares that the images are free for use in any non-profit purpose in association with Doctor Who. Adrienne Hill is an actress who starred as the regular character Katarina in that programme.

Fair use rationale for Adrienne Hill
This image, Hilla02.jpg, is a promotional picture, the copyright is most likely held by the BBC as this image can also be found at http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/companions/page6.shtml, I futurehawk|talk 22:03, 24 September 2007 (UTC)) feel it is covered by the U.S. fair use law because:
 * 1) The image is a low-resolution cropped image;
 * 2) The image is being used for informational purposes about Adrienne Hill, who portraied Katarina, a companion of Doctor Who;
 * 3) No more free alternative exists;
 * 4) The use of the image in this article will have no effect on the copyright holders commercial use of the image.

title: File:Hilla02.jpg


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Talk:Civilian casualties and displacements during the Cyprus conflict/Archive 1

Name of the article / merge with Cyprus dispute
I personally believe that the word "genocide" is a bit strong for describing the happenings, and still hold the opinion that this whole issue should be incorporated in a new Cyprus dispute article. So:
 * Change of name, proposals?
 * Merge with Cyprus dispute? Yes/No/Why?

VfD
On May 14, 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep rewrite, no consensus to delete. However, renaming to a less POV title may be in order. See Votes for deletion/Turkish Cypriot Genocide for a record of the discussion. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 22:15, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This article is POV and completely unsubstantiated. It refers to an entity, the so-called "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" that was created through the systematic genocide and ethnic cleansing of 200,000 Greek Cypriots by Turkish troops in 1974 and which was declared "legally invalid" by the United Nations Security Council in resolutions 541(1983) 550(1984).--Argyrosargyrou 16:21, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

The vote for deletion is closed -- please stop reinserting the VfD tag unless you wish to begin a new and seperate VfD --Chiacomo 05:34, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * A new VFD isn't appropriate either, since the old one only closed a few days ago. NPOV the article and title, by all means. sjorford →•← 14:40, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Copy-edits, etc.
I've removed two irrelevant paragraphs about views of the nature and result of the Turkish invasion, as well as a strange claim that the enclaves covered 3% of Cyprus (a claim that seems to be contradicted by the map). I've also made the map an ordinary illustration, and copy-edited the text. I've added a brief and (I hope) neutral paragraph about views of the events and the term. Finally, I've removed the spurious VfD notice, and the PoV notice, whch I think is no longer needed.

 * The Map is wrong ! The Turkish Cypriots only owned 10% of the land and property in Cypriots and most of that was in mixed villages with Greek Cypriot majorities. The Map is falsely counting villages in which Turkish Cypriots lived even though they had a Greek Cypriot majority as whole enclaves which is false since only the TC sector was a so-called enclave. The word enclave itself is not even an appropriate description of what actually happened. Don't trust Turkish sources.--Argyrosargyrou 10:17, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

There's room for more information (for example, the political dimension, the identity of the various groups involved, the rôle of the fascist invasion from Greece, etc., but perhaps there should be a cooling-off period before any more substantial editing is done. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:03, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I had a small NPOVification in mind (change image caption to "Map claimed to show...") but got a conflict because major editing had already taken place. Mel Etitis' version looked like a good starting point to develop something in small steps. Can we have a discussion here before people get into another edit war? Rl 10:39, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately Argyrosargyrou has jumped the gun. I've reverted his large-scale edit (which in any case would have needed to have been substantially copy-edited).  If it proves impossible for people to edit this article collaboratively, it can always be protected from editing, thus forcing discussion to take place here rather than through edit-wars.
 * Argyrosargyrou's comments about the map are too unclear for me to follow; if he could calm down and explain himself more clearly (preferably with sources for his claims), then perhaps the changes he wants will be agreed to. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 11:41, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Should be included in Cyprus_dispute, when time is ready - Snchduer 12:31, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The article by Mel Etitis is unsubstantiated Turkish lies and Propaganda and has no place on the Cyprus dispute page. Snchduer is a known Turkish apologist and sympathiser of Turkeys illegal occupation and ethnic cleansing of northern Cyprus.--Argyrosargyrou 13:39, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

So anyone who disagrees with you does so because they're merely propagandists? That must make things very simple for you, but it also seriously misrepresents the real world. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 14:05, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Unsubstantiated Turkish lies and Propaganda are unsubstantiated Turkish lies and Propaganda. Why are you repeating them. Why are you denying the true facts and trying to prevent them from being known ? There was no Turkish Cypriot genocide. This page should not exist. It has now been refered for deletion--Argyrosargyrou 14:36, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

The article doesn't say there was genocide; on the contrary, it talks of many killings by both sides, adn points out that only Turkey (and TRNC) accepts that term. You seem not to want the facts given, but all mention of these events to be deleted. That's not acceptable. Incidentally, the article isn't up for deletion. leaving aside the fact that it has just survived a VfD, you seem to have placed a VfD proposal on another VfD page (Votes for deletion/Mythic beings in Lithuanian mythology (list)), from which I've just removed it. I've also asked for this article to be protected; I can't do it myself, as I'm probably too involved now. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 14:44, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Having an article with that title sure gives the reader an initial preview and idea that there was a genocide, even though there was not. I would refer you to the following website for historical accuracy, published by the US Library of Congress: http://countrystudies.us/  ; http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/13.htm  and from the latter is following excerpt from the Country Study of Cyprus:

 * "Severe intercommunal fighting occurred in March and April 1964. When the worst of the fighting was over, Turkish Cypriots--sometimes of their own volition and at other times forced by the TMT--began moving from isolated rural areas and mixed villages into enclaves. Before long, a substantial portion of the island's Turkish Cypriot population was crowded into the Turkish quarter of Nicosia in tents and hastily constructed shacks. Slum conditions resulted from the serious overcrowding. All necessities as well as utilities had to be brought in through the Greek Cypriot lines. Many Turkish Cypriots who had not moved into Nicosia gave up their land and houses for the security of other enclaves."
 * (UNFanatic 00:27, 31 May 2005 (UTC))

Edits
I've mentioned that TRNC is recognised only by Turkey at beginning so as not to repeat it through article, changed date genocide refers to from 63-64 to 63 - 74, I've reinstated that TC's were forced in 3% of Cyprus, the 3% does not refer to period of 63 - 74 but towards 74 when TC's fled due to assaults on villages by GC's. I've mentioned Akritas plan and added link, added links to Cyprus-conflict.net aswell. Removed Hellenic Genocide link, has no link with this article. Comments and edits welcome. --E.A 13:47, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I've given the text another copy-edit, removed a link to Rauf Denktash (relevance?), moved external links to the correct section and identified them, etc. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 14:10, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

I made a complete re-edit, trying to put the Akritas plan in a proper perspective, and even citing the original wording from there. Hm. Hope we do not get into another editing war here, I would really prefer a friendlier atmosphere. - Snchduer 16:11, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

I see E.A made a complete re-edit as well. Hm. I re-put now the original wording of the Akritas Plan, so that no dispute can exist over this (in italic and quotes). I still have doubts though about the placement of the Akritas Plan. I believe it should be in the beginning of the article, as it was in the beginning of the whole issue (cf. for comparison btw E.A's version and mine). It was a plan also condemned by many Greek Cypriots, as far as I know, and whether it is the "heart" of the whole matter can be discussed. Maybe something like "Many Turkish Cypriots think that the Akritas Plan is at the heart of the whole matter"? - Snchduer 17:32, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The reason i changed it is that the Akritas plan was not discovered until April 1966, which makes the events of 1963 separate (though in retrospect Turkish Cypriots see Akritas as the secret behind 63). --E.A 17:46, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Mel Etitis, can you explain your edits? I would like to know also from the other whether or not to include this article here. Unless there are doubts about the factual accuracy, I would like to keep it. - Snchduer 12:46, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure which edits you're referring to (the diff isn't of my edits). Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 18:25, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, probably pasted the wrong link, then. Hope this one is right.

Ah — that was a mistake (I used the admin rollback, and it obviously rolled back to the wrong place). My apologies; I should have checked, but I was probably editing in a hurry (always a bad idea). Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 21:02, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * New Edits: Removed death tolls incurred by the invasion by Turkey, this article is about the events from 63 - 74 surrounding the Akritas plan before the inavsion. Mentioned Policarpos Yorgadjis involvement in Akritas plan (source: http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/narrative-main-2.htm). Removed Hellenic Genocide link, now defunct. Removed Turkish Invasion of Cyprus link, article is POV fork of Cyprus dispute. Re-instated book link. Argy if your going to edit, please check your edits, your chopping sentences and not completing them. --E.A 19:56, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * More edits: Added more detail on outbreak of violence in 60's, source:http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/narrative-main-%203.htm --E.A 23:28, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Explanation of Akritas
Should we mention that the people responsible for Akritas were the Policarpos Yorgadjis (Interior Minister, code name AKRITAS), Thassos Papadopoulos (curren president, The Minister of Labor at the time) and Glafcos Clerides (leader of House of represantatives, former president)? --E.A 19:39, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Where are you going to get your proof, from a Turkish website? Hardly a neutral source on this issue. The authors are unknown unless you produce official papers to the contrary. You are no different than Argyros. (UNFanatic 21:01, 30 May 2005 (UTC))

 * The Turkish apologist can publish the entire Akritas plan, but I bet he wont, since it says nothing that he says it does and anyone reading it will know that he is a liar because it was a plan to reform an unworkable constitution and combat Turkish state sponsored terrorism.--Argyrosargyrou 22:07, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Sure, but keep the arguing over that to Cyprus dispute and Talk:Cyprus dispute. Let's not spill over the dispute over the coup to more articles than we have to. --Delirium 00:30, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

Present state of article
Even leaving aside the frothings of irrelevance about Greek-Cypriot casualties (if this were an article of the Holocaust, would we accept a long section on how many German guards died and were injured?), there's much that's vague, stated as what "Greek Cypriots" and "Turkish Cypriots" believe. I've never met a Greek Cypriot who denied that Turkish Cypriots were mistreated, forced out of their villages, attacked, killed, etc. — who are these deniers of whom the article speaks? One doesn't have to believe that the Turkish invasion was justified in order to accept that the Greek Cypriot extreme right, aided and encouraged by the Greek fascists, were responsible for many barbarities against not only Turkish Cypriots, but Greek Cypriots left-wingers too. The behaviour here of editors like Argyrosargyrou brings shame on Greek Cypriots, most of whom would repudiate his ridiculous views. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:18, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * There is no use talking to a Turkish apologist such as yourself. Famagusta was NEVER a Turkish Cypriot town. The popultion in 1973 was 25,307 Greek Cypriots and 6,120 Turkish Cypriots. The Turkish Cypriots that died in 1963/4 were mostly TERRORISTS who killed over 200 Greek Cypriots therefore the inclusion of the people they killed is fully justified. In 1974 Turks murdered 5000 Greek Cypriots, raped over 1,000 women and ethnically cleansed 200,000. Since there was an invasion going on and there is no evidence whosoever that retaliatory killings were genocide the inclusion of the Greek Cypriot death toll is fully justified. Since Rauf Denktash has admitted on television that during the violence the TMT terrorist organisation which he founded deliberately attacked Turkish Cypriot targets in order to lay false blame on the Greek Cypriots that should be inclded as well --Argyrosargyrou 22:31, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

With regards to Akritas plan, i provided an external link for it to be seen in full on this version here: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Cypriot_Genocide&oldid=14445402

Also http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/narrative-main-2.htm states

"Turkish Cypriots rather naturally call attention to a confidential document called the Akritas Plan which was later published in the press. This, which is generally thought to have been circulated in great secrecy by Yorgadjis, the Minister of the Interior, lays down a scenario according to which the 'negative elements' in the constitution should be stressed in public while lavish use should be made of such internationally acceptable concepts as 'self-determination' and 'minority rights' to describe the case for amending it. By this means Cyprus would win control over her own institutions and thus effectively nullify the Treaty of Guarantee since the constitution it was to guarantee would by then be no more. If the Turkish Cypriots showed fight they were to be struck down hard before there was time for outside intervention to arrive."

As for Famagusta i was referring to the old walled city, i should have made this clearer.

If people dont mind, im going to reinsert the casualty lists as i belive its pointless having this article unless the death tolls are highlighted. --E.A 23:01, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Should this article exist?
A google search for "Turkish Cypriot Genocide" turns up a mere 9 hits. "Greek Cypriot Genocide" actually turns up more, at 23. Since both sides claim genocides occured, and the truth is probably neither of their versions, I don't think it's productive to have separate articles, which will just by POV-pushing. This should be merged into Cyprus dispute, and if there are more details that don't fit there, something like Displacements and alleged genocides during the Cyprus conflict, or some other suitably neutral title that discusses the allegations on both sides. --Delirium 00:08, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, from what I can tell, there are no credible claims of "genocide" except from some extremist groups, so perhaps a title like Civilian casualties and displacement during the Cyprus conflict, or possibly something shorter, would be better. --Delirium 00:10, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * EXCELLENT IDEA. A new article combining the previous two. Afterwards, the previous two articles should be deleted. I like this title.(UNFanatic 00:38, 31 May 2005 (UTC))

 * I have no opinion on the content of the articles mentioned -- my only interest is in factual accuracy, NPOV, and a great encyclopedia article. While no consensus was reached in the VfD process, it does appear that a new article or a merge would be less contentious, at least for this article, as the title of the article does itself express POV. I KNOW that most of the editors of this article express one POV or another, but, rather than an out-and-out edit ware, do the editors of this article think it's possible to hash out their differences on a discussion page (either here or in a new NPOV'd article) rather than on the main article space? --Chiacomo 01:18, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree to the idea as well. Sounds quite fair to put the two sides in one article, with both sides' alleged "genocides"/"ethnic cleansings" (however, I would be in favour of avoiding these terms when possible), and would propose to use the plural of displacement for grammar reasons: Civilian casualties and displacements during the Cyprus conflict. Time scope of the article should be 1963-1974/5 (withdrawal of TCs from government until almost total separation of communities). - Snchduer 08:04, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

To have an article with this title is essentially to accept the Turkish Point of View. And I think it's fair to say that 200 deaths does not constitute a genocide. DJ Clayworth 14:32, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I emphatically agree with that statement. (UNFanatic 19:44, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC))
 * Have to agree with this one, too. - Snchduer 11:55, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

It is a sensitive issue i admit. Nonetheless there are Turkish Cypriots and Turkish people who do believe that had Turkey not intervened and had TC's not fought back that village by village Turkish Cypriots would have been removed from the island. I have tried to give reasoning to this belief in the form of the attrocities that did occur and the akritas plan. It is fact that Turkish Cypriots were persecuted from 63 - 74 for getting in the way of enosis, both politically and physically - with the involvement of the highest Greek Cypriot politicians. I believe an article must exist in some form to explain the attrocities that did occur against the TC's before the invasion of 74. Most people still have a perception that Cyprus was a utopia before Turkey invaded and that they were purely self-motivated in doing so, i think this article adds an important dimension to the Cyprus problem. Like i say whether in this form or another, i think the content must still remain. --E.A 13:43, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Would you agree to have an article about Civilian casualties and displacements during the Cyprus conflict instead of the genocide article? Because that is what the dicussion is about currently - not about whether or not to have the atrocities presented. - Snchduer 13:57, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah i would agree to an article title along those lines, so long as persecution of TC's backed by GC government is adequately conveyed. --E.A 14:19, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

OK
Firstly, definitive statements imply that there is 100% agreement on the subject. It is better to say "this side or that side claimed" rather than taking info from a Greek or Turkish website: For example:

 * During this period, Turkish Cypriots claim they were forced out of government and its agencies by the Greek Cypriot authorities and into enclaves amounting to no more than 3% of the island. Many faced poverty stricken conditions. Greek Cypriots hold (claim) that the withdrawal of Turkish Cypriots from government was voluntary and that the movement of people in enclaves was out of choice.  My version.

 * During this period, Turkish Cypriots were forced out of government and its agencies by the Greek Cypriot authorities and into enclaves amounting to no more than 3% of the island. (this is a definitive statement- reader will assume this is a Turkish viewpoint) Many faced poverty stricken conditions. Greek Cypriots hold that the withdrawal of Turkish Cypriots from government was voluntary and that the movement of people in enclaves was out of choice.

these are small examples, in addition to the title which at first glance would indicate that most or all Turkish Cypriots were killed, which was never the case. A distortion of History. This article should be moved to the new title proposed by the other wikipedian. (UNFanatic 21:13, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC))

 * By all means feel free to edit what you deem unfair, i have already changed the language stated above. Note that your edits before left unfinished sentences such as:

"Turkish Cypriots believe that had they not mounted an effective resistance in the form of the TMT (led by Rauf Denktas)." --E.A 21:34, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Use of the term
Is there a citation for the use of the term "Turkish Cypriot Genocide"? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:18, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Nickp3107

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Nickp3107


text:
Talk:Twm Siôn Cati

The historical Twm
Twm was a cousin of John Dee the astrologer, and Dee records Twm's birth in his diary. The two met on at least one occasion while Twm was droving cattle.

After his return from Geneva, Twm settled down and gained renown as a poet and a genealogist, and served as a magistrate and as mayor of Brecon.

Some good info on http://www.rhandirmwyn.net/twmsioncati/story.htm, more in the booklet mentioned on that page which needs incorporating into this article. Gwyddno (talk) 12:29, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

Source for the arrow through the clothes story?
I have substantially added to this article. Two things which I have not kept are the sentence Most notably, he was said to have avoided harming an enemy by shooting him with an arrow that merely pinned his clothes to his saddle. and the link to

Whilst I do understand that Twm Sion Cati is the subject of oral tradition and folktale, I can find no other (written) reference to this story beyond that URL, which gives no sources, not even "it is said" sort.

One other source I found which is worth reading Ystradffin: a descriptive poem with an appendix -- skim right to the end of it and read the notes on pages 183 and on. I couldn't find a way to work that into the article, but it's nice corroboration of multiple versions of tales circulating in the area in the 1820s.

--Telsa 18:43, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Names
I have no idea how relevant it is, but the dates given for TSC are half a century after the Act of Union which started the process of getting the Welsh to take surnames. I just thought it was interesting and I don't know enough to know whether Twm's name actually counted as a proper surname. --Telsa 18:43, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The short answer is 'no'. The longer answer is that, as stated in the text, he was named Thomas (Twm) and his father's surnmae was Jones ((ap) Siôn). As he was brought up by his mother (Cati - Catherine) it would have made sense to identify him as her son rather than as his father's. Gwyddno (talk) 12:18, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

1960s BBC schools music programmes
I remember when I was at primary school in England (which would put it somewhere in the years just preceding 1970) we were taught music with the aid of a TV? radio? series about TSC: stories and songs to sing and play along with. It may have been part of the "Let's Make Music" series, though I'm not sure. If I manage to find any accurate information about this, would it be a welcome addition to the page? Kay Dekker 19:10, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Unsourced and spurious claim
The article states "It is also common practice in rural Wales, being traditionally a matriarchal society, for children with common names to be nicknamed after their mothers. Thus he became known as Twm Siôn Cati." This has no basis in fact, and it should be noted that Welsh names were originally patronymic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.181.201.204 (talk) 22:36, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Until there is reason to doubt the above, there is surely no harm in dropping the 'matriarchy' explanation in favour of a more mundane one. Cheers Bjenks (talk) 05:58, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

Dates
The dates in the main body make no sense at all. He certainly was not born in 1930. Mongoletsi (talk) 15:36, 12 July 2010 (UTC)

Tangible Twm tone
This reads exactly how it is; copied directly from marketing material. Mongoletsi (talk) 21:11, 12 August 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Twm Siôn Cati


text:
Religion and the Internet

Religions are represented on the Internet in many ways. There are sites which attempt to cover all religions, traditions, and faiths, such as Patheos (which also provides a forum for atheism and Humanism), Religious Tolerance, and Beliefnet. There are also sites that are specific to a religious tradition. Many sites are discussion groups, others host theological debates, and some provide advice concerning religious doctrine. Some sites aim to provide a religious experience facilitating prayer, meditation, or virtual pilgrimages. People also leverage search engines to investigate aspects of religion. Some religious websites are translated into several languages. For example, JW.ORG features content in over 1,000 languages.

Christianity
There have been a number of attempts to create online Christian communities, usually supplementing, but occasionally attempting to replace, more traditional, brick and mortar Christian communities. It is common for even moderate sized Christian churches with only a few hundred members to have web sites to advertise themselves and communicate with their congregations. For example, Scott Thumma, a faculty associate at the Hartford Institute for Religion Research found that in the U.S. between 1998 and 2002, the ratio of churches with web sites went from 11 percent to 45 percent. Most sites concentrate on teaching and discussion. Some experiment with virtual meetings in cyberspace, and attempt to incorporate teaching, prayer, worship and even music into the experience. The i-church is the first Internet community to be fully recognised as an Anglican church.

After being reassigned to the sinecure diocese of Partenia (a major Algerian city, that was consumed by the Sahara in the 5th century) by Pope John Paul II in 1995 as punishment for his controversial views, Roman Catholic Bishop Jacques Gaillot set up a website for the "diocese without borders."

Hinduism
There are various web sites that aim to cover all of the Hindu religious traditions, including for example the Hindu Universe, which is maintained by the Hindu Studies Council. The site includes Hindu scripture and commentaries of the Rig Veda, Upanishads, the Bhagvad Gita and the laws of Manu.

In addition, there are a large number of web sites devoted to specific aspects of the Hindu tradition. For example, the major epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, have web sites devoted to their study. There is a site devoted to the Kumbh Mela pilgrimage, giving Internet users the opportunity to join the hundreds of thousands of pilgrims who gather in Allahabad to bathe in the Ganges. Sites like Saranam.com allow worshippers to order a puja at the Hindu temple of their choosing and many pages have image of deities, which are thought to convey Darshan in the same manner as temple figures. The followers of Sri Vaishnava, Swaminarayan Sampraday and Dvaita Vedanta have web sites, and the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, also known as the Hare Krishnas, have their own site, which includes a Hare Krishna Network. Temples now webcast darshan live on the internet. In fact, important events too are broadcast live on the internet. For example, the Swaminarayan Temple in Cardiff broadcast its 25th anniversary celebrations live on the internet in 2007.

Islam
Islamic sites fulfill a number of distinct roles, such as providing advice concerning religious doctrine, download daily prayers and for taking the shahadah over the Internet. For example, the Islam Page is a comprehensive Islamic web site, which links to a complete version of the Quran. Sites such as the Islam-Online site, according to Gary Bunt of the University of Wales, provide information about Islamic doctrine in addition to advice concerning individual problems including marriage, worship and Internet use. In order to answer online questions, an Imam or a team of religious scholars frequently provide a fatwa. These are stored in databases, which allow online users to search for their specific query. Gary Bunt has commented this has the advantage of facilitating resolution to issues that are considered dangerous or embarrassing to raise within the domestic framework.

Judaism
Several websites and blogs cover Judaism and Jewish life on the web. Some websites argue a certain religious or political viewpoint, while some take a purely cultural or secular focus. Conservative, Modern Orthodox, post-denominational, Reform, secular, and Haredi Jews are involved in writing J-blogs. Some J-bloggers, although religious in practice, use their blogs to discuss theological views which are skeptical or nonconformist. J-blogs fall into radical, liberal and conservative camps with respect to all Jewish communities across the world. Several blogs, such as CampusJ and Jewschool, cover Jewish life on campus.

Vodou
The Internet has "shipped" Vodou via cyberspace, increasing its accessibility outside of a Haitian context as there is no central text to be shared. Alexandra Boutros explains that while Vodou was formerly secret, it is now public, widespread, and available for consumption by any through the cyber world. Her concern is that the shipping of Vodou has led Internet, much like popular culture, to be full of "voodoo that is not Vodou." "Voodoo" is a spelling used to denote tropes of Vodou, the Haitian tradition, which perpetuate misunderstandings, lies, and stereotypes. As such, Boutros explains that online Vodou, as well as cyberspirituality in general, are not representations of "real religions in real places," but instead are their own "dynamic entity," and this is an important distinction to make when studying Vodou or any other religion and its online presence.

New religious movements
Many new religious movements have websites. A website of the Church of Scientology, for example, allows visitors to take an online personality test (the Oxford Capacity Analysis); however, to review the full results of this test, one has to make an appointment to meet a church representative in person. There has also been a series of legal battles—sometimes referred to as Scientology versus the Internet—concerning the publishing of esoteric teachings such as the "space opera" and, more specifically, Xenu.

According to Stephen O'Leary of the University of Southern California, the Falun Gong's Internet awareness was an important factor in its ability to organize unauthorized demonstrations in the People's Republic of China. The group's leader, Li Hongzhi, was able to use the Internet to coordinate the movement, although he currently lives in New York.

There are various religious movements that have used the Internet extensively and this has been studied by academics, in the field of sociology of religion. Examples cited by Adam Possamai, of the University of Western Sydney, include Jediism and Matrixism. Possamai uses the term 'hyper-real religion' to describe these religions mixed with popular culture, arguing that they are part of the consumer logic of late capitalism and are enhanced by the growing use of the internet.

Virtual religion
David Chidester wrote in his 2005 book Authentic Fakes, that "If it were possible to trace a genealogy of virtual religions on the Internet, it would probably begin with Discordianism." According to J. Christian Greer, this study was published just at the time Discordianism had transformed itself from a parody religion to a new religious movement. When the Yahoo search engine categorized Discordianism as a parody religion, in May 2001 Discordians started an email campaign to get their religion reclassified. Three weeks after this protest was started, Yahoo moved Discordianism to "Entertainment—Religion—Humor", which some Discordians found more acceptable. David G. Robertson writes in the 2016 book Fiction, Invention and Hyper-reality that:

"[...] Discordians have also constructed a complex and unique cosmology and theology, and Discordianism has over time come to be considered as having genuine religious significance for many of its adherents. Thus Discordianism can no longer be considered a purely parodic religion."

title: Religion and the Internet