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Vahana

Vahana (वाहन) or vahanam (वाहनम्) denotes the being, typically an animal or mythical entity, a particular Hindu deity is said to use as a vehicle. In this capacity, the vahana is often called the deity's "mount". Upon the partnership between the deity and his vahana is woven much iconography and Hindu theology. Deities are often depicted riding (or simply mounted upon) the vahana. Other times, the vahana is depicted at the deity's side or symbolically represented as a divine attribute. The vahana may be considered an accoutrement of the deity: though the vahana may act independently, they are still functionally emblematic or even syntagmatic of their "rider". The deity may be seen sitting or standing on the vahana. They may be sitting on a small platform, or riding on a saddle or bareback.

Etymology
Vah in Sanskrit means to carry or transport. The word also means 'vehicle' in Sanskrit and other Indian languages

Symbolism
In Hindu iconography, positive aspects of the vehicle are often emblematic of the deity that it carries. Nandi the bull, vehicle of Shiva, represents strength and virility. Dinka the mouse, vehicle of Ganesha, represents speed and sharpness. Parvani the peacock, vehicle of Kartikeya, represents splendor and majesty. The hamsa, vehicle of Saraswati, represents wisdom, grace, and beauty.

However, the vehicle animal also symbolizes the evil forces over which the deity dominates. Mounted on Parvani, Kartikeya reins in the peacock's vanity. Seated on Dinka the rat (Mushika), Ganesha crushes useless thoughts, which multiply like rats in the dark. Shani, protector of property, has a vulture, raven, or crow within whom he represses thieving tendencies. Under Shani's influence, the vahana can make even malevolent events bring hope.

Garuda
Garuda, and his story of becoming the mount of Vishnu, is richly detailed in Hindu texts. Born to Vinata and bearing the power of Kashyapa's penance, the demigod is anguished to find that his mother is enslaved by the cruel Kadru. When he pleaded with Kadru to free his mother, the latter demanded the nectar of immortality as the price of her liberty. His legend of securing amrita, the nectar of immortality, is described in the episode known as Amṛtakalaśāpaharaṇam : "Garuḍa approached the pot of nectar, and Viśvakarmā who attacked him first was felled to the ground. The dust storm raised by the waving of Garuḍa’s wings blinded everybody. The Devas and Indra, nay, even the sun and the Moon lined up against Garuḍa, but he defeated them all, and entered the particular place where the pot of nectar was kept. Two terrific wheels were rotating round the pot and they would cut into mince-meat anybody who tried to lay hands on the pot and a machine circled the wheels. Below the wheels were two monstrous serpents with glowing eyes and protruding tongues like flashes of fire, and the serpents never closed their eyes. The very look with those eyes was enough to poison anyone to death. Garuḍa blinded those eyes by raising a torrent of dust, pierced them in the middle with his beak and through the hole, his body reduced to such a tiny shape, went nearer to the pot. He destroyed the wheels and the machine, and carrying the pot of nectar in his beaks rose to the sky shielding the light of the sun by his outspread wings. Mahāviṣṇu, who became so much pleased with the tremendous achievements of Garuḍa asked him to choose any boon. Garuḍa requested Viṣṇu that he should be made his (Viṣṇu's) vehicle and rendered immortal without his tasting amṛta. Both the boons were granted."

Mushika
While the god Ganesha was still a child, a giant mouse began to terrorize all his friends. Ganesha trapped him with his lasso and made him his mount. Mushika was originally a gandharva, or celestial musician. After absent mindedly walking over the feet of a rishi (sage) named Vamadeva, Mushika was cursed and transformed into a mouse. However, after the rishi recovered his temper, he promised Mushika that one day, the gods themselves would bow down before him. The prophecy was fulfilled when the mouse became the vahana of Ganesha.

Nandi
Before becoming the vehicle of Shiva, Nandi was a deity called Nandikeshvara, lord of joy and master of music and dance. Then, without warning, his name and his functions were transferred to the aspect of Shiva known as the deity Nataraja. From half-man, half-bull, he became simply a bull. Since that time, he has watched over each of Shiva's temples, always looking towards him.

Paravani
Kartikeya, the war-god known as Murugan in Southern India, is mounted on a peacock named Paravani. This peacock was originally a demon called Surapadma, while the rooster was called the angel Krichi. After provoking Murugan in combat, the demon repented at the moment his lance descended upon him. He took the form of a tree and began to pray. The tree was cut in two. From one half, Murugan pulled a rooster, which he made his emblem, and from the other, a peacock, which he made his mount. In another version, Karthikeya was born to kill the demon, Tarakasura. He was raised by the Krittikas and led the divine armies when he was 6 days old. It is said that after defeating Tarakasura, the god forgave him and transformed him into his ride, the peacock.

Compared to other belief systems
The animal correspondences of Hindu vehicles are not consistent with Greek and Roman mythology, or other belief systems which may tie a particular animal to a particular deity. For example, the goddess Lakshmi of the Hindus has elephants, or an owl, or (a rare instance of a non-animal vehicle) the lotus blossom as her vehicle. The goddess Athena of ancient Greece also had an owl as her emblematic familiar, but the meanings invested in the owls by the two different belief systems are not the same, nor are the two goddesses themselves similar, despite their mutual identification with owls.

Lakshmi is, among other things, primarily the goddess of wealth, and her owl is a warning against distrust and isolationism, even selfishness. Athena, though also a goddess of prosperity, is primarily the goddess of wisdom, and her owl symbolizes secret knowledge and scholarship. Perhaps due to their shared geography, the Greco-Roman interpretation is paralleled in Roman Catholic iconography, in which St. Jerome, most famed for editing the New Testament, is often (though not always) depicted with an owl as a symbol of wisdom and scholarship. Depending on the tribe, Native American religious iconography attributes a wide range of attributes to the owl, both positive and negative, as do the Ainu and Russian cultures, but none parallel the Hindu attributes assigned to the owl as Lakshmi's divine vehicle.

Some hold that similar analyses could be performed cross-culturally for any of the other Hindu divine vehicles, and in each case, any parallels with the values assigned to animal totems in other cultures are likely to be either coincidence, or inevitable (as in linking bulls to virility), rather than evidence of parallel development. In dialectic, this is countered by the retort that each totem or vahana, as an aspect of ishta-devata (or an ishta-devata or asura in its own right), has innumerable ineffable teachings, insights and spiritual wisdom; comparative analysis yields benefit, though knowledge and understanding is not served by collapsing their qualities into homogenous signification.

List of vahanas
These correspondences are not always consistent. Ganesha, for example, is sometimes shown with a peacock as his vehicle. Even more rarely, the elephant-headed Ganesh may be seen riding an elephant, or a lion, or a many-headed serpent (See Ganesha's Vahanas).

The vahana, the mount or vehicle of a deity, serves the function of doubling a deity's powers. The vahana also represents the devotee's mind which allows the deity to guide the devotee. Durga the warrioress could not have destroyed the demon Mahishasura without the aid of her vehicle, lion, which was given by her father Himalaya, for the stated purpose. Lakshmi, goddess of fortune, dispenses both material and spiritual riches from her mount, Uluka the owl. Ganesha, remover of obstacles, cannot go everywhere despite his elephant-like strength. However, his vehicle, Mushika the mouse, who can crawl into the smallest crevice or Akhuketana the rat, who can survive just about anywhere, can assist Ganesha to overcome the greatest obstacles.

title: Vahana


text:
Talk:List of guitarists

Untitled
There is much more at guitarist. Charles Matthews 07:44, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

name order...
wow, the name order here needs to be modified. Lastname first order since this is orgonised by lastname! (Signed: J.Smith) 20:38, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Buckethead is no longer in guns n' roses —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.34.216.99 (talk) 20:09, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Buckethead
Hi, that doesn't matter, the list is to tell us who people have worked with in the past. You'll notice some people have 3 or 4 bands next to their names, it's just their history. (INXS-Girl 20:18, 03 April 2007 (UTC)

Only Add Names
Does anyone object to "Only add names here if the person has their own article - anything else will be removed." being on this page? One editor has removed it twice even though this message is on similar pages due to a large number of none notables/red links being added, and it seems to have worked so far. Thanks INXS-Girl 16:51, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Editing instructions should either be on the talk page, or inserted on the page as "invisible" comments, as per WP:Style. 24.128.153.211 01:28, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
 * 24.128.153.211 / 24.61.251.102 are you Dsreyn? INXS-Girl 10:09, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

This reasoning is correct. Only guitarists with their own article page on wikipedia should be included in this list. Otherwise we get any old shmuck placing their own name in here. Glen Twenty (talk) 18:15, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

Jimmy Page of ales Zep?? One of the best...ever Stacybunn (talk) 15:13, 7 June 2019 (UTC)

Tony Bruno
Hey I was wondering if someone might like to make an article about Tony Bruno? He was the guitarist for Billy Joel, Currently Enrique Iglesias (also music manager person) Rumour has it also soon madonna as well as many other famous people.--Coffeegirlyme (talk) 10:12, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Is this a joke?
I thought wiki has categories to list this kind of information automatically. This kind of list isn't going to accomplish anything. Where will you draw that boundary that now the list has almost all names of importance? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.197.196.1 (talk) 05:02, 19 June 2009 (UTC)
 * This has got to be a joke. This list is 100 % useless. 80.220.64.187 (talk) 15:13, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

To be added
Vicente Amigo Armik

B

Tonino Baliardo Miguel de la Bastide Roni Benise

C

Juan Manuel Cañizares Paco Cepero Charo Moraíto Chico II   Jesse Cook

D

Juan d'Anyelica Manitas de Plata

E

El Viejín Mario Escudero

F

Alex Fox Eddie Freeman (musician)

G

Diego del Gastor Feliu Gasull

G cont.

Pedro Javier González Grisha Goryachev Gerhard Graf-Martinez

H

Pepe Habichuela Oscar Herrero

J

Javier Limón Niño Josele

L

Ottmar Liebert Paco de Lucena Paco de Lucía

M

Luis Maravilla Juan Martín Jorge Martinez (musician) Pepe Martinez Carlos Montoya Ramón Montoya Diego Del Morao

N

Gerardo Núñez

Jimmy Page of LED ZEP
One of the best guitarist ever! Stacybunn (talk) 15:15, 7 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Hi Stacybunn - Page is listed in his correct place, under P, what is your point? - Arjayay (talk) 15:17, 7 June 2019 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:List of guitarists


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Mount Roskill Grammar School

Mount Roskill Grammar School is a secondary school in the suburb of Mount Roskill, Auckland; it officially opened in 1953, The school has been noted for its relative academic success given its low socio-economic decile.

History
The school opened in 1953, on a plot of land the Auckland Education Board purchased from the Auckland Rugby Union. It was one of the first new secondary schools in central Auckland in eight years, and was opened when Mount Roskill was a semi-rural but rapidly developing suburb. The school began with a roll of 363, but by 1964 the school had expanded to over 1,300 students, making it the largest in the country. When the school was first established, the grounds were rocky and uneven. In 1956, school students helped dig the school pool by hand.

In 1957 the school was granted its own board of governors and adopted the emblem of the Phoenix with the motto 'Sursum' meaning 'To the Heights'. The Phoenix was chosen for its symbolism of the pursuit of excellence and periodic renewal and revitalization.

The Maclean Centre for disabled students was opened in 1977, named in honour of Mr B H Maclean, Principal from 1966 to 1981. The Centre moved into a new building in 2003 and the staff and students are fully involved in all areas of school life.

In 1989, Colin Prentice, former head boy of Mount Roskil Grammar, became the school's principal.

In 2018, Mount Roskill adopted a gender-neutral uniform for its students.

Enrolment
The school is one of the most diverse in New Zealand. The school roll has an ethnic composition of 26% Indian, 16% Chinese, 13% Pākehā, 11% Tongan, 8% Samoan, 6% Māori, 3% South East Asian, 3% African, 2% Cook Island Māori, and 12% other.

Premises
The school has had several structural improvements, such as the construction of new buildings such as the Science Block, the Maclean Centre, T-Block, renovation of H-Block (including the Year 13 Common Room - a room with lockers, kitchen appliances, and recreation features dedicated to final year students), and the new gymnasium and classrooms. At the end of 2009, a new Pastoral Care Centre was built and opened in 2010. Rebuilding of the school's C-Block finished late 2010. In 2016, a new Olympic-grade hockey turf was completed.

Academics
Mount Roskill Grammar School was described by the New Zealand Herald in 2007 as the "best public school in New Zealand". In 2009 Metro Magazine has also ranked MRGS as the top school in Auckland.

The school has 10 computer labs catering for students from Year 9-13. The school is also one of the schools participating in the Phase 2 of the Beacon Practice from GIF Technology Education initiative.

In 2013, 90.7 percent of students leaving Mount Roskill Grammar held at least NCEA Level 1, 82.5 percent held at least NCEA Level 2, and 58.3 percent held at least University Entrance. This is compared to 85.2%, 74.2%, and 49.0% respectively for all students nationally.

Extracurricular activities
Mount Roskill Grammar School offers sports, music and other extracurricular activities. There are culture groups relating to Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Kapa haka, Tongan, Samoan, Tokelauan, Niuean and Cook Islands culture. The Indian Dance group won the 2007 Annual Bollywood Highschool Dance Competition.

The Boys Chorus (Mr G's Boys Chorus) was actively involved in Barbershop Music, winning a record of 5 consecutive Auckland Regional titles in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006 as well as the New Zealand National Young Singers in Harmony Championships in 2002, 2005 and 2006. The school at that time was the only school in New Zealand to have won 3 National Championships, and 2 consecutively.

Houses
As of 2017, Mount Roskill Grammar School has 5 houses that have been named after famous New Zealanders - Rutherford (Red), Ngata (Orange), Sheppard (Yellow), Hillary (Green) And Cooper (Blue). Junior students are placed into house groups through their core classes, senior students remain in the houses they were in during year 10.

Awards

 * Goodman Fielder School of the Year Award, for Outstanding Performance in Education in 1998.
 * Goodman Fielder Secondary School of the Year Award, in 2002, and finalist in the Secondary School section in 1999 and 2001.
 * In 2017 the school was twice the winner of the High School League Premier Division Championships.

Notable alumni

 * Gretchen Albrecht, artist
 * Russell Crowe, Actor, Academy Award- and Golden Globe-winner
 * Alannah Currie, Thompson Twins member
 * Abby Erceg, former New Zealand Football Ferns captain, captain of the North Carolina Courage in the NWSL
 * Owen Glenn, Businessman
 * Graeme Hart, New Zealand's Richest Man
 * John Hart, former All Blacks coach
 * Latha Hegde, Bollywood Actress
 * Harry McNaughton, Shortland Street Actor
 * Tarun Nethula, New Zealand national cricket team (Blackcaps) member
 * Clinton Randell, New Zealand Idol Reality Show Contestant
 * Nalini Singh, New York Times bestselling author
 * Brett Steven, Tennis Player
 * Evarn Tuimavave, New Zealand Warriors player

Controversies
In 1995 the school adopted a peer-mediated programme called "Cool Schools" and with support from Peace Foundation had trained 200 of 2100 students to be mediators in Years 11 through 12. This programme is now the largest student mediation programme in New Zealand.

In March 2010, Mt Roskill Grammar School appeared on the TV3 Consumer Rights programme "Target" regarding the introduction of their new uniform and the three-year phase-in time, a costly introduction to parents of existing students. It was met with opposition by the student body but Greg Watson, the principal, pleaded ignorance to the issue and has stated that he had received positive support regarding it. Watson has not informed the school if a change will be made to the way the new school uniform will be introduced.

On 16 March 2011, Campbell Live, a TV3 current affairs programme aired an interview on bullying at Mount Roskill Grammar where a member of the study body had been bullied to a point that she spent "12 lessons in the Dean's office or the administration area across a 7-day period". The school since resolved the matter.

In 2010s the school scrubbed its girls' rugby team due to fighting, but brought it under control by 2015.

Related links

 * Official site

title: Mount Roskill Grammar School


text:
User talk:Weedman

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Longhair | Talk 07:45, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
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Proposed deletion of Tha Dogg: Best of the Works

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title: User talk:Weedman


text:
Talk:Polysquare

The comment about 'copyright' in the word polyominoes seems quetionable. Charles Matthews 07:48, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Polysquare


text: User talk:65.148.145.52

title: User talk:65.148.145.52


text:
Milan Damnjanović (philosopher)

Milan Damnjanović (1924–1994) (Serbian Cyrillic Милан Дамњановић) was a Serbian philosopher, full professor at the Faculty of Fine Arts of Belgrade University.

Milan Damnjanović was the founder and the president of the Aesthetic Society of Serbia (1980-1994), vice president of the International Aesthetics Society, a member of the International Committee of Greek Humanistic Society for Philosophy in Athens, a member of the presiding committee of the International Society for Dialectic Philosophy (Societas Hegeliana), a member of the American Aesthetics Society.

Works

 * Aesthetics and Disappointment (1970)
 * An outline of a Philosophy of Poetry (1971);
 * The Essence and the History (1976);
 * 'La Sens de la Morale Esthétique', Revue d'esthétique 3 (1980). In French.
 * Creating and Understanding Technological Art, Proceedings of the IXth International Congress of Aesthetics, (editor) (1983)
 * Rationality Against Rationalism (1984)
 * Tendencies in modern aesthetics (1984)
 * Phenomenon Film (1985)
 * Dealing With Multiplicity (1990)

title: Milan Damnjanović (philosopher)


text:
Media in Boise, Idaho

The Boise Metropolitan Statistical Area is served by six major television stations, two daily newspapers, three major weekly newspapers and 19 major commercial radio stations.

The area is also home to a number of non-profit radio stations, a magazine, and a number of online publications.

Public radio
Public radio, listener-supported (through periodic fund drives) along with corporate and private sponsors, also has a place in Boise's radio marketplace.

Boise State Public Radio operates three radio stations, KBSU 90.3 FM, KBSX 91.5 FM, and KBSU HD2. Through a system of repeater transmitters, these stations cover much of the populated area of Idaho, Eastern Oregon, and the northern border of Nevada.

KBSU concentrates on arts and entertainment, largely of classical music, but also carries a variety of other programming of news, eclectic musical tastes, and weekly programs such as Garrison Keillor's A Prairie Home Companion and Car Talk. KBSX is the Boise area's NPR outlet for news and cultural programming, while KBSU-2 provides jazz programming. These stations fill a niche in radio programming generally not covered in the mainstream commercial media and provide perspectives in culture and news not generally available elsewhere on the radio dial in this market.

KRBX 89.9 FM, Radio Boise, also serves the Treasure Valley. This is a volunteer based, listener supported, community radio station that is home to a number of locally produced public affairs programs as well as Democracy Now! It also features a variety of music programming across a broad spectrum of genres. It is run by volunteer DJs and often features local and touring bands live in studio.

Daily
Two daily newspapers operate in the area, each with a different primary focus. The Idaho Statesman is based in Boise, and primarily focuses on the capital city but is considered the state's primary paper. The Statesman is owned by the McClatchy newspaper chain, based in California.

The Idaho Press-Tribune is based in Nampa, and focuses on Ada and Canyon County (including Caldwell).

Weekly
The Boise Weekly is an alternative newspaper based in downtown Boise, focusing on news, arts and opinion for the greater Boise area. The publication is owned and published locally.

The Owyhee Avalanche is a weekly newspaper in Homedale, Idaho, which is published Wednesday mornings and serves the Owyhee County area of Southwestern Idaho. It is owned by Owyhee Publishing.

Tidbits of Boise is a weekly newspaper found in places where people wait: restaurants, doctor's offices, hospitals, car repair centers, and shops. It is published locally by Boise Media Group, Inc.

Other
The Boise Journal is a city magazine based in downtown Boise, focusing on local interest, history and arts for the greater Boise area. The publication is owned and published locally.

The Boise Home is a city home magazine based in downtown Boise, focusing on local building, home products and gardening for the greater Boise area. The publication is owned and published locally.

Boise Lifestyle Magazine offers monthly family and lifestyle magazine throughout the Boise and Treasure Valley areas. The publication is locally owned and published.

Online media
Most of the region's legacy media outlets maintain an Internet presence.

Boise Journal and Boise Home are available online at imcmags.com.

KTVB-TV operates KTVB.com with repurposed and original content, as well as extensive weather, sports, traffic and other content. .

The Idaho Statesman offers IdahoStatesman.com with repurposed news, sports and classifieds content.

With the exception of KGEM-AM, all the above-listed commercial radio stations maintain an online website.

The Boise Weekly also publishes its content online at BoiseWeekly.com.

The Porcupine Picayune (formerly the Boise Picayune) has been publishing "This, That & The Other Thing About Life, Liberty & The Pursuit Of Happiness" since 2007.

Boise Lifestyle Magazine publishes its content in print and online throughout Boise and the surrounding areas. It offers stories, events calendar and business advertising.

ZIdaho.com is Idaho's largest online classifieds. Started in 2000 by KTVB, it is now privately owned.

IdahoCalendar.com is an online events publication, showcasing events and attractions all over the State.

Cable
Cable One has a monopoly over Boise and the majority of the Treasure Valley.

A non-profit organization operates TVTV, a locally produced Public-access television channel, which appears on Cable One channel 11. Primary funding is provided by the City of Boise.

KTVB operates 24/7, entertainment channel television channel, which is available on Cable One channel 28, over-the-air on digital channel 7.2. The channel consists primarily of newscast repeats, as well as locally produced lifestyle and sports programming. The channel also features some content from Northwest Cable News.

title: Media in Boise, Idaho


text:
Talk:Antiope (Amazon)

Major variants of the myth of Antiope
There are several major variants of the myth of Antiope, and I might try to collect a bit of material on them in the coming weeks. I have a particular interest in the subject for several reasons; one of them being that for a time I developed a close friendship with a woman named "Antiope". It is an extremely rare name, even in Greece where she was born. I might try to collect all the information that I can before her next birthday in a couple of months. Antiope, who once drank with me some of the mingled waters of Antarctica, Maine, and Wales, if by any chance you come across this before I see you next, you could leave a message on my talk page, but refrain from using any name other than that of "Achilles". ~ Achilles † 07:55, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I have just summarized the major variants of Antiope's tale, with references, in the article Hippolyta. Some of what I've done there could thus be cribbed and inserted into this article, as appropriate. The primary problem, of course, is that the ancients couldn't agree to which Amazon certain incidents belonged or even what those incidents were. Fredwords (talk) 23:42, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Antiope (Amazon)


text:
CFAP-DT

CFAP-DT (channel 2) is a television station in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, airing programming from the French-language network Noovo. Owned and operated by Bell Media, the station maintains studios on the corner of Rue d'Youville and Rue Saint-Joachim (co-located with sister stations CHIK-FM and CITF-FM) in the Quebec City borough of La Cité-Limoilou, and its transmitter is located at Édifice Marie-Guyart, in downtown Quebec City.

History
The station signed on along with sister station CFJP-TV in Montreal in 1986 as part of what was then the TQS network. It was owned by the family of Jean Pouliot, then-owner of CFCF-TV. The A in the callsign stands for Adélard, Pouliot's middle name.

Originally a full satellite of CFJP, it began airing its own programming on September 3, 1989. However, like all other TQS/V/Noovo stations, it was (and still is) largely a semi-satellite of CFJP. As an owned-and-operated station of the network, CFAP was part of the takeover of TQS by Remstar Corporation.

Digital television
CFAP-DT ceased broadcasting in analogue on August 17, 2011, and signed on to digital on August 27, 2011, on UHF channel 39, using virtual channel 2.

title: CFAP-DT


text:
Talk:Foreign relations of Cuba

Comment
Looks like you just can't understand the world: Venezuela to assist Chavez's *populist-based* socio-economic programs.

So now.. America y Against America.. that's new the ALBA is not anti-American as stated in this article, is an international cooperation organization based on the idea of social, political, and economic integration between the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. So America is who, or is composed by whom..? So The North America have the unique role of commercial cooperation ? so no body else could start a different cooperation? My opinion is that this article is biased, because is an ALTERNATIVE not AGAINST.. and specially not against AMERICANS.. (from the North Pole to the Patagonian desert) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hercius (talk • contribs) 07:43, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

Odd syntax
This section is full of odd syntax e.g., "Currently, Cuba has diplomatically friendly..." rather than 'Currently, Cuba has friendly diplomatic....."

One might be tempted to think, incorrectly I am sure, that such turns of phrase are poorly translated from Spanish, and given the glowing description taken from Cuban governmental sources..... (El Jigüe, 10/26/2005)

"Castro" or "Cuba"
I went through and changed "Castro" to "Cuba" when the text referred to actions that were not taken by Castro personally, but rather, but the Cuban Government. For the sake of accuracy "Castro" should not be used interchangeably with "Cuba," "Cuban Government," etc. takethemud 23:06, 1 March 2006 (UTC)takethemud

Franco-Castro relations?
Was there any link whatsoever between Castro's Cuba and Franco's Spain? At least they shared the language and a colonial past. 217.209.93.205 01:35, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Good question, I believe that despite being diametric opposites in ideology, Franco being devoutly anti-Communist and Castro becoming the head of the Communist Party in Cuba, relations were fairly civil between the two nations during Franco's time. I'm not sure if they were close enough to be of note though, unless anyone can provide a good source analysis.--Zleitzen 01:52, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Franco's minister and later President of Galicia, Manuel Fraga Iribarne, has had good relations with Cuba. After all, Fraga, Franco and Castro's ancestors were all Galicians. --Error (talk) 23:16, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

Expanding
It would be good to expand this article to include the pre-1959 foreign relations of Cuba. takethemud 03:17, 23 August 2006 (UTC)takethemud

Relations with North Korea
Does Cuba maintain any relations with North Korea? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.227.87.214 (talk) 19:00, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Chavez04 fidel9.jpg
Image:Chavez04 fidel9.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:57, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Cuba, Sandinistas and Costa Rica
The claim that Cuba (which has rather bad relationships with Costa Rican since Castro came to power) supplied arms to Sandinistas through Panama (a country occupied by USA) strikes me as extremely illogical. I'd like to see a proof of the claim. 206.186.8.130 (talk) 17:02, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

straight up propaganda
Relations in Latin America and Africa during the Cold War

Cuba has a unique symbolic allure. It is the small country that confronted the U.S. empire and has survived despite the attempts by all U.S. presidents since to subdue its communist government. It is the island with iconic leaders like Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, and the Latin American country that in the language of revolutionaries everywhere embodies the struggle of socialist humanism against the materialism of capitalist societies. Cuba is also the small nation that in the past sent its troops to die in faraway lands in Latin America and even Africa fighting for the poor. — Moisés Naím, Newsweek [11]

yeah i bet all the Cuban political prisoners feel deep pride in socialist Cuba's 'unique symbolic allure'. 76.168.169.86 (talk) 05:31, 17 July 2011 (UTC)

Philippines
Under the section for the Philippines where it says, "Spanish rule in both colonies ended with the victory of the United States in the Spanish-American War" this statement is inaccurate. It confuses correlation with causation. Spain was losing to rebels in both countries by the start of the Spanish-American War. Suggestion is for the sentence to be removed; the main idea being that Cuba and the Philippines share a similar history as former Spanish colonies. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.115.51.69 (talk) 22:21, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

Links
(Lihaas (talk) 03:45, 13 April 2014 (UTC)).

External links modified
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Morocco
Should we note that Cuba and Morocco have just restored diplomatic relations.

http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=124865

-- Beardo (talk) 20:45, 23 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Foreign relations of Cuba


text:
Talk:Internet addiction disorder

Wiki Education assignment: Digital Citizenship
— Assignment last updated by Nneang (talk) 19:44, 28 September 2022 (UTC)

Africa
So I guess Africa isn't part of the globe but on another planet? 197.250.225.202 (talk) 18:10, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Criticism as Praxis
— Assignment last updated by MuthanaAlhadrab (talk) 23:45, 27 April 2023 (UTC)

Wikipedia Addiction
Wikipedia Addiction

While it seems pretty clear as to why Wikipedia might wish to down-play information that is not in its' best interests, should it not be brave and include more useful text in this section? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.149.166.199 (talk) 12:13, 4 June 2023 (UTC)

Criticism of internet addiction disorder
Criticism section is missing. "Internet addiction disorder" seem to be kinda "fake" term created just to shift attention from "mental disorder" to "problem of Internet" - just to show internet as source of mental issues (demonization of the internet), or even if there are some people with true Internet addiction disorder, term "Internet addiction disorder" is definitely overused. Why is "Internet addiction disorder" overused over bibliomania? What is the difference? Eurohunter (talk) 17:08, 29 June 2023 (UTC)

Trim "Related Disorders" section
It looks like the "Related Disorders" section is overly long and detracts from the article as a whole. I'm going to do a bit of pruning. If others want to join, that would be great. If others have any concerns, let's discuss below. Nowa (talk) 16:53, 19 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Internet addiction disorder


text:
2005 Lebanese general election

General elections were held in Lebanon in May and June 2005 to elect the 128 members of the Parliament of Lebanon. They were the second elections in thirty years without a Syrian military or intelligence presence in Lebanon. These elections were the first in Lebanese history to be won outright by a single electoral block and were also the first to be monitored by the United Nations.

First round
The first round was held on May 29, 2005 in Beirut. The Rafik Hariri Martyr List, a coalition of Saad Hariri's Current for the Future, the Progressive Socialist Party and other anti-Syrian parties, won all 19 seats. Saad Hariri is the son of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri who was assassinated in February 2005, in a car bombing in Beirut. The coalition left one seat free for a Shiite candidate from Hezbollah.

Second round
The second round was held on June 5 in South Lebanon and Nabatyeh Governorate. The Resistance and Development Bloc, a joint ticket by the two main Shiite parties Amal and Hezbollah, in addition to Bahiya Al-Hariri, the sister of the assassinated late Prime Minister Rafic Al-Hariri and Oussama Saad from Sidon, won all 23 seats. Official tallies showed the Resistance and Development Bloc receiving more than 80% of the vote.

Third round
The third round was held on June 12 in Beqaa and Mount Lebanon. In Mount Lebanon the Hariri List won 17 seats, as did the Aoun Alliance, made up of Michel Aoun's Free Patriotic Movement and two smaller parties; Hezbollah won one. In Beqaa, the Resistance and Development Bloc won 11 seats, the Hariri List eight, and the Aoun Alliance four. Aoun re-stamped his authority as a major Christian leader on the political scene.

Fourth round
The fourth and final round was held on June 20 in North Governorate. The Hariri List won all 28 seats, giving them a total of 72 of the National Assembly's 128 seats.

Total

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 * style="text-align:right;" |16
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 * style="text-align:right;" |6
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 * style="text-align:right;" |1
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 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |2
 * style="text-align:left;" |Others
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |5
 * style="text-align:left;" |Free Patriotic Movement (Tayyar Al-Watani Al-Horr)
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |15
 * style="text-align:left;" |Skaff Bloc
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |4
 * style="text-align:left;" |Armenian Revolutionary Federafion
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |2
 * style="text-align:left;" |Murr Bloc
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |1
 * rowspan=1 style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"|Independents
 * rowspan=1 style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;"|2
 * style="text-align:left;" |Independents
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |2
 * style="text-align:left;" |Others
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |5
 * style="text-align:left;" |Free Patriotic Movement (Tayyar Al-Watani Al-Horr)
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |15
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 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |2
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 * rowspan=1 style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;"|2
 * style="text-align:left;" |Independents
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |2
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 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |1
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 * rowspan=1 style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;"|2
 * style="text-align:left;" |Independents
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |2
 * style="text-align:left;" |Independents
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |2
 * style="text-align:right;" |2
 * }-->

Turnout
Turnout was estimated around 46.5%.

title: 2005 Lebanese general election


text:
CFVS-DT

CFVS-DT, virtual channel 25.1 (UHF digital channel 15), branded on-air as Noovo Abitibi-Témiscamingue, is a Noovo-affiliated television station licensed to Val-d'Or, Quebec, Canada and serving the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region. The station is owned by RNC Media, as part of a twinstick with TVA affiliate CFEM-DT (channel 13), licensed to the neighbouring city of Rouyn-Noranda. The two stations share studios on Avenue Murdoch and Avenue de la Saint Anne in Rouyn-Noranda; CFVS-DT's transmitter is located near Route Québec Lithium in La Corne. The station operates a rebroadcaster in Rouyn-Noranda (CFVS-DT-1) on UHF channel 20. Both transmitters flash-cut to digital on September 1, 2011.

On cable, the station is available on Câblevision du Nord de Québec channel 5 and digital channel 116.

title: CFVS-DT


text:
Mario Jeckle

Mario Jeckle (25 August 1974 – 11 June 2004) was a German computer scientist.

From 1997 to 2003, Jeckle attended the University of Applied Sciences in Augsburg. In 1998, he received his computer science degree for his thesis "Prozeßkettenmodellierung am Beispiel der Gießwerkzeugentwicklung und prototypische Implementierung auf Basis des EDM/PDM – Systems Metaphase" (An example of process chain modelling in casting tool development and prototype implementation on basis of the EDM/PDM – Systems Metaphase). At Augsburg, he taught Java, Java Threads, XML and software engineering.

In 2003, Jeckle became a professor at the University of Applied Sciences in Furtwangen im Schwarzwald. He taught about XML, databases, software engineering and eBusiness.

Jeckle was also a W3C and OMG representative of DaimlerChrysler Research and developed technical standards for XML, UML 2.0, and others. At the beginning of 2004, he was a member of the Technical Architecture Group of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Jeckle was also an author of books and a speaker at conferences and seminars (information groups).

Jeckle was a member of the International Red Cross. On 11 June 2004, he died while giving aid to others who had a car accident on a German highway. While helping, Jeckle and a second man were hit by another driver who lost control. Tim Berners-Lee, whom Jeckle had previously collaborated with, spoke on his death, "Mario's involvement in the World Wide Web Consortium is a symbol of collaboration: with his time and talent, he has helped create a space that can be shared by people; that brings you together to learn, develop and gain new knowledge together. He helped more and more talented and creative people develop for the web. The election to the Technical Architecture Group by the W3C members was a recognition of achievements made and those expected. Mario has undertaken the difficult task of gaining a foothold in an established group with energy and enthusiasm."

title: Mario Jeckle


text:
Talk:Mario Jeckle

Untitled
I created the site on simple.wikipedia.org first, here the history:

* (Aktuell) (Letzte) 18:25, 19. Dez 2004 Netoholic (iw, cat, translation fixups) * (Aktuell) (Letzte) 17:07, 19. Dez 2004 MichaelDiederich M   * (Aktuell) (Letzte) 17:06, 19. Dez 2004 MichaelDiederich (please correct my mistakes :))

External links modified
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title: Talk:Mario Jeckle


text: Talk:Western Regional Examining Board

title: Talk:Western Regional Examining Board


text:
CFKM-DT

CFKM-DT, virtual channel 16.1 (UHF digital channel 34), is a Noovo owned-and-operated television station licensed to Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada, operating as a de facto semi-satellite of Montreal flagship CFJP-DT. The station is owned by the Bell Media subsidiary of BCE Inc. CFKS-DT's studios are located on Boulevard Saint-Jean/Route 40 in Trois-Rivières, and its transmitter is located on Rue Principale in Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel. On cable, the station is available on Cogeco channel 5.

History
The station went to air on September 7, 1986. It was originally launched by Cogeco as an independently-owned affiliate of TQS, which was then owned by Jean Pouliot. It became an O&O of the network in 2001 when Cogeco became the network's primary owner. The station was part of V's proposed takeover by Remstar. Since the rebranding of the TQS network on August 31, 2009, CFKM has dropped all non-network programming and became a de facto semi-satellite of Montreal owned-and-operated station CFJP-TV.

Digital television
CFKM shut down its analog signal on channel 16 in early July 2011 and began broadcasting in digital at the same time. The station was the first in Canada to complete the digital transition.

Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display CFKM's virtual channel as 16.1.

title: CFKM-DT


text:
CFKS-DT

CFKS-DT, virtual and UHF digital channel 30, is a Noovo owned-and-operated television station licensed to Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, operating as a de facto semi-satellite of Montreal flagship station CFJP-DT. The station is owned by the Bell Media subsidiary of BCE Inc. CFKS-DT's studios are located on Boulevard Industriel/Route 220 and Boulevard de Portland in Sherbrooke, and its transmitter is located in Orford. On cable, the station is available on Vidéotron channel 5 and in high-definition on digital channel 605.

History
The station went to air on September 7, 1986. It was originally launched by Cogeco as an independently-owned affiliate of TQS, which was then owned by Jean Pouliot. It became an owned-and-operated station of the network in 2001 when Cogeco became the network's primary owner. The station was part of V's takeover by Remstar. Since the rebranding of the TQS network on August 31, 2009, CFKS has dropped all non-network programming and became a de facto semi-satellite of Montreal owned-and-operated station CFJP-TV.

Former local programming

 * Le Grand Journal Estrie (1989–Fall 2009) Local news show, aired weekdays at 5:30 p.m.
 * Les Infos (Fall 2008–Fall 2009) Two-minute local news capsules, aired weekdays at 6:45 a.m., 7:30 a.m., 7:45 a.m., 8:30 a.m., and 11:56 a.m.
 * Le Reflet de l'Estrie (Fall 2008–Fall 2009) Weekly news summary with feature reports, airs Sundays at 9:30 a.m.

Digital television
CFKS-DT ceased broadcasting in analog and flash cut to digital on August 1, 2011. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display CFKS-TV's virtual channel as 30.1.

In filings from V to the CRTC with respect to Broadcasting Notice of Consultation CRTC 2010-169, V stated that it was debating whether to install digital a transmitter in Saguenay due to financial reasons, and if it did install one, it might by the deadline or well after the deadline. V later filed regarding the same proceeding that it was in talks with Télé-Québec to partner up in order to reduce the cost of installing transmitters.

title: CFKS-DT


text:
Anogenital distance

Anogenital distance (AGD) is the distance from the midpoint of the anus to the genitalia, the underside of the vagina, the clitoris or the scrotum. It is considered medically significant for a number of reasons, in both humans and other animals, including sex determination and as a marker of endocrine disruptor exposure. It is regulated by dihydrotestosterone, which can be disrupted by phthalates common in plastics.

The anogenital index (AGI) is an index used to compare the AGD relative to a model based on body weight. It is computed as the AGD divided by weight [AGI = AGD/weight (mm/kg)].

Measurement
The AGD is usually measured as follows: from the center of the anus to the posterior convergence of the fourchette (where the vestibule begins) in females (AGD-AF); and from the center of the anus to the junction of the smooth perineal skin with the rugate skin of the scrotum in males (AGD-AS). An alternative measurement, AGD-AC, defined only in females, is measured from the anus to the clitoris.

In humans
Early studies showed that the human perineum was half as long in females as in males, but it has since been found to be three quarters the male distance in females, although males have more variance. Measuring the anogenital distance in neonatal humans has been suggested as a noninvasive method to determine male feminisation and female virilization and thereby predict neonatal and adult reproductive disorders.

A study by Swan et al. determined that the AGD is linked to fertility in males, and penis size. Males with a short AGD (lower than the median around 52 mm (2 in)) have seven times the chance of being sub-fertile as those with a longer AGD. It is linked to both semen volume and sperm count. A lower than median AGD also increases the likelihood of undescended testes, and lowered sperm counts and testicular tumors in adulthood. Babies with high total exposure to phthalates were ninety times more likely to have a short AGD, despite not every type of the nine phthalates tested being correlated with shorter AGD.

Swan et al. report that the levels of phthalates associated with significant AGD reductions are found in approximately one-quarter of Americans tested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for phthalate body burdens.

Women who had high levels of phthalates in their urine during pregnancy gave birth to sons who were ten times more likely to have shorter than expected AGDs.

A 2018 study by Barrett et al. found that infant girls born to women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) had longer AGD, suggesting higher fetal testosterone exposure, than girls born to women without PCOS.

Conditions
Hypospadias and cryptorchidism are conditions which may be induced in males with short AGD. Other problems in males include risk of testicular dysgenesis syndrome.

In other animals
There have been extensive studies of AGD effects on animals. In some animals, it is routinely measured to determine health.

Experiments have demonstrated that in rodent studies this distance is shortened when the mother is exposed to chemicals that are anti-androgenic, such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP) or benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP).

Bisphenol A in certain doses increases the AGD of both genders of a study on mice.

In 2017, Gobikrushanth et al. studied the relationship between AGD (the distance from the center of the anus to the base of the vagina and the clitoris) and fertility in Canadian Holstein cows. They found that in first and second parity cows an increase in AGD has an inverse correlation with pregnancy success after first artificial insemination. This correlation was not found in third+ parity cows.

title: Anogenital distance


text:
CFRS-DT

CFRS-DT, virtual channel 4.1 (VHF digital channel 13), is a Noovo owned-and-operated television station licensed to Saguenay, Quebec, Canada, operating as a de facto semi-satellite of Montreal flagship CFJP-DT. The station is owned by the Bell Media subsidiary of BCE Inc. CFRS-DT's studios are located on Rue Racine Est (co-located with sister stations CFIX-FM and CJAB-FM) in the former city of Chicoutimi, and its transmitter is located atop Mount Valin. On cable, the station is available on Vidéotron channel 5 and in high-definition on digital channel 605.

History
The station was launched in 1986 by local broadcaster Radio Saguenay, as a sister station of Radio-Canada affiliate CKRS-TV (now Radio-Canada O&O CKTV-DT). Until the creation of the "megacity" of Saguenay in 2002, it was licensed to Jonquière.

Both stations were acquired by Cogeco in 1998, with CFRS becoming a TQS owned-and-operated station in 2001 when Cogeco bought controlling interest in the network. CFRS was part of V's takeover by Remstar in 2008. When TQS rebranded as V on August 31, 2009, CFRS dropped all non-network programming and became a de facto repeater of Montreal-based flagship CFJP-TV.

The station began broadcasting exclusively in digital on September 1, 2011, after receiving authorization from the CRTC.

Former local programming

 * Le Grand Journal Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (1989–Fall 2009) - Local news show, aired weekdays at 5:30 p.m.
 * Les Infos (Fall 2008–Fall 2009) - Two-minute local news capsules, aired weekdays at 6:45 a.m., 7:30 a.m., 7:45 a.m., 8:30 a.m., and 11:56 a.m.
 * Le Reflet du Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (Fall 2008–Fall 2009) - Weekly news summary with feature reports, airs Sundays at 9:30 a.m.

title: CFRS-DT


text:
Talk:Blue Laws (Connecticut)

Untitled
Blue Laws as opposed to a Blue law, are distinctly different.

"Blue Laws" generally refer to the Blue Laws of Connecticut, and a "Blue law" is a general term that may refer to other such laws.

WB2 08:12, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Missed verb
Number 43 ("No man shall a maid...")appears to be missing a verb after "shall". Unsigned comment (the above was signed as a separate comment).

Copyedit
The first three paragraphs of this article desperately need a copyedit verging on complete rewrite; the actual list of the laws should be transwikied to Wikisource. I haven't got time to do this right now; I'll come back and do it later if nobody else gets to it first. -Polonius 13:44, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

Questioning the dating of the laws
The sources of the listed laws seem to be distressingly unclear.

The article cites statues set up in 1655 for the New Haven Colony, and also says that they were almost entirely copied from the existing Code of 1650 that the Colony of Connecticut had already drafted. The third paragraph states that although 'these "laws" were not actually put into draft, their existence can be inferred from similar laws ...   borrowed from codes that already been adopted by adjacent colonies, such as the anti-papal or anti-Quaker codes of Virginia and New York."

I'm questioning this because the term "Quaker" is recorded by George Fox (generally considered the founder of "Quakerism") as first being used in England by Justice Bennet of Derby in 1650.

John Punshon, contemporary Quaker scholar, notes in his book Portrait in Gray, published by the Quaker Home Service in London, copyright 1984, that Boston, Massachusetts, first made Quakerism a capital crime in 1658.

Can some one undertake the chore of sorting out which sources, and their dates, support which of these blue laws? Or maybe it should just be emphasized that the listed laws are a compendium, and don't correspond to one particular set of codes.

Lucy Price A Quaker

PS. I actually have a Wiki account, but I've just moved and can't find my account name or password!

Patent nonsense article.
http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Hoaxipedia/Blue_Laws_of_Connecticut/ 65.189.146.128 (talk) 16:18, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The above link is either incorrect or broken. It apparently is intended to link to this article:

 * The Blue Laws of Connecticut.

 * The observation that the article is nonsense (made many years ago) misses the point that the article is documenting the hoax perpetrated by Rev. Peters. However, to be fair, perhaps the point could be stated more clearly in the lede and then the connection should be repeated or reinforced in the subsequent sections. I'll consider doing that as part of research I'm working on for the main Blue Laws article. Allreet (talk) 06:03, 28 December 2021 (UTC)

Notable
All else aside, this is patently notable. rootology ( C )( T ) 14:43, 5 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Has anyone suggested otherwise?--Scott MacDonald (talk) 14:50, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

 * The reference, I believe, is to the previous talk topic. So, yes, someone is suggesting otherwise, and User:Rootology (now retired, apparently) is responding to that suggestion. I'm noting this for the record because this article is important in relation to the main article on Blue Laws. Allreet (talk) 06:10, 28 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blue Laws (Connecticut)


text: Category:Integral equations

title: Category:Integral equations


text:
CFTF-DT

CFTF-DT, virtual and UHF digital channel 29, is a Noovo-affiliated television station licensed to Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec, Canada. Owned by Télé Inter-Rives, it is a twinstick to TVA affiliate CIMT-DT. The two stations share studios on Rue de la Chute and Rue Frontenac in Rivière-du-Loup; CFTF-DT's transmitter is located near Chemin du Mont Bleu in Picard.

Like its two sister stations, it operates a second, "nested" low-power transmitter in Rivière-du-Loup. The area's rugged terrain makes the main signal practically unviewable in the lower portions of the city. The rebroadcaster, CFTF-6 (now CFTF-DT-6), signed on in 1999. The reception problem is exacerbated by the station's location on the UHF band (UHF stations have never gotten good reception in rugged terrain), as well as its relatively modest operating power. Its analogue signal only operated at 50,000 watts, and its digital signal operates at only 44,000 watts—roughly equivalent to 220,000 watts in analogue. The main signal is located on channel 29, while the rebroadcaster is on channel 11. It also operates a rebroadcaster in Edmundston, New Brunswick—the only Noovo rebroadcaster located outside of Quebec.

On cable, CFTF-DT is available on Vidéotron channel 5 and in high definition on digital channel 605. By way of its Edmundston rebroadcaster, it can also be seen on nearly all cable systems in northern New Brunswick. The station is also carried on Bell Satellite TV.

The station airs a 15-minute regional newscast at 5:30 p.m. on weekdays from its Rivière-du-Loup studio, with additional reporting from a bureau in Carleton-sur-Mer at co-owned CHAU-DT.

On June 1, 2007, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) approved a joint application by TQS (predecessor to Noovo) and Télé Inter-Rives to convert the TQS station in Rimouski, CJPC-TV, from a rebroadcaster of CFJP Montreal to a semi-satellite of CFTF. As part of the deal, a news bureau would be built in Rimouski, and a limited amount of local programming would be added on CJPC.

On November 24, 2021, Télé Inter-Rives was granted approval to change the frequency of their CFTF-DT from UHF 29 to VHF 7, with a decrease in power from 26.2 kW (maximum 44 kW) to 7 kW (constant), increasing the height from 341.1 to 345.1 meters, and to move to the former location of defunct sister station CKRT-DT, effectively shutting down the current transmitter and reactivating CKRT-DT. The reasons cited were greater reliability, less power needed (and thus cheaper to operate) on the VHF band, and it would nearly double the station's reception area. In addition, repeater CFTF-DT-11 on UHF 44 would change its application to move to UHF 26 to instead occupy UHF 29, as that would no longer be occupied by its parent station. Accompanying the change in frequency would be a slight reduction in power (dropping from 10,350 to 10,281 watts, with its maximum effective radiated power dropping from 26 kW to 19.5 kW).

Transmitters
CFTF-DT was approved by the CRTC for and converted all its transmitters to digital by the August 31, 2011 digital transition deadline, including its transmitters that were not required to convert by this deadline. Only its transmitters in Rivière-du-Loup were obligated to convert, as Rivière-du-Loup was a mandatory market for digital television conversion.

title: CFTF-DT


text:
CIVA

CIVA may refer to:

 * Charge induced voltage alteration a technique which uses a scanning electron microscope to locate open conductors on CMOS integrated circuits
 * CIVA-TV, a television transmitter in Canada which airs the Télé-Québec program schedule
 * Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Aerobatics Commission, also known as the "Commission Internationale de Voltige Aerienne"
 * C.I.V.A, a South Korean girl group

title: CIVA


text:
Rose Scott

Rose Scott (8 October 1847 – 20 April 1925) was an Australian women's rights activist who advocated for women's suffrage and universal suffrage in New South Wales at the turn-of-the twentieth century. She founded the Women's Political Education League in 1902 which campaigned successfully to raise the age of consent to sixteen.

Early life
Scott was the daughter of Helenus Scott (1802–1879) and Sarah Ann Scott (née Rusden) aka Saranna, the fifth of eight children, and a granddaughter of Helenus Scott (1760–1821), a Scottish physician. Her cousins were the naturalists Harriet Morgan (née Scott) and Helena Scott. She was educated at home with her closest sister Augusta. From an early age, Rose Scott was influenced by injustices she perceived towards women in history and literature such as Joan of Arc and Katherina Minola in The Taming of the Shrew.

Women's rights work
Scott was essentially an individualist, but not a dogmatic one, and may be described as an adherent to the liberalism of John Stuart Mill. She was utilitarian in outlook, a free trader, pacifistically inclined and strongly in favour of women's rights.

In 1882, Scott began to hold a weekly salon in her Sydney home. Through these meetings, she became well known amongst politicians, judges, philanthropists, writers and poets. In 1889, she helped to found the Women's Literary Society, which grew into the Womanhood Suffrage League of New South Wales in 1891. Speaking at committee meetings gave her confidence, and she eventually became an accomplished public speaker. In April 1892 she participated in a public debate with fellow suffragist Eliza Ashton on Ashton's controversial views on marriage.

Scott's mother died in 1896, and she was left with a home and sufficient income for her needs. Her interest in votes for women led to much study of the position of women in the community, and she found that young girls were working in shops from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. on ordinary days, and until 11 p.m. on Saturdays. Some of these girls were asked to come to her house on Saturday and describe the conditions in which they worked, and there leading politicians such as Bernhard Wise, William Holman, W. M. Hughes and Thomas Bavin met and discussed the drafting of the bill that eventually became the early closing act of 1899.

Other reforms advocated, and eventually implemented, were the appointment of matrons at police stations and of women inspectors in factories and shops, and improvements in the conditions of women prisoners.

Scott founded and became the first President of the Women's Political Education League in 1902, a position she held until 1910. The League established branches throughout the state and consistently campaigned for the issue closest to Scott's heart: raising the age of consent from 14 to 16, achieved in 1910 with the Crimes (Girls' Protection) Act. She was also President of the Sydney Branch of the Peace Society in 1908. Other post-suffrage feminist reform campaigns she participated in included the Family Maintenance and Guardianship of Infants (1916), Women's Legal Status (1918) and First Offenders (Women) 1918 Acts.

She was also, for many years, international secretary of the National Council of Women in New South Wales. When she retired in 1921, a presentation of money was made to her which she used to found a prize for female law students, The Rose Scott Prize for Proficiency at Graduation by a Woman Candidate, at Sydney University. Another subscription was made to have her portrait painted by John Longstaff. This now hangs in the art gallery at Sydney. Scott was opposed to Federation and conscription. She was an Anglican pacifist.

Opposition to Federation
In the late 1890s Scott was an ardent and leading opponent of the cause of Federation. The cause was, she said, 'the gravest danger which had ever threatened Australia'. 'The cry was for unity', she told large audiences, 'but it was forgotten that many crimes were committed in that name'. She traced the apparent inclination of public opinion to Federation to 'the freedom of the Australian people' having been 'too easily gained, and therefore too lightly prized'.

Death
She died from cancer on 20 April 1925 at her home, Lynton, in Jersey Road, Woollahra.

Rose Scott Circuit, in the Canberra suburb of Chisholm, is named in her honour.

Resources

 * Allen, Judith A. Rose Scott: Vision and Revision in Feminism. Oxford University Press, 1994. ISBN 0195548469
 * National Library of Australia. Scott, Rose (1847–1925). The National Library of Australia's Federation Gateway
 * State Library of New South Wales. Papers of the Scott family, 1777–1925 (ML MSS 38)

title: Rose Scott


text:
Vinyl siding

Vinyl siding is plastic exterior siding for houses and small apartment buildings, used for decoration and weatherproofing, imitating wood clapboard, batten board and batten or shakes, and used instead of other materials such as aluminum or fiber cement siding. It is an engineered product, manufactured primarily from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. In the UK and New Zealand a similar material is known as uPVC weatherboarding.

Approximately 80 percent of its weight is PVC resin, with the remaining 20 percent being ingredients that impart color, opacity, gloss, impact resistance, flexibility, and durability. It is the most commonly installed exterior cladding for residential construction in the United States and Canada.

History
Vinyl siding was introduced to the exterior market in the late 1950s as a replacement for aluminum siding. It was first produced by an independently owned manufacturing plant called Crane Plastics in Columbus, Ohio. The process was originally done through mono-extrusion, a process of forming the profile from a single material into the desired shape and size. At that time, blending of colors was done manually.

This original process made it difficult to produce and install a consistent, quality product. Beginning in the 1970s, the industry changed its formulation to improve the product's production speed, impact resistance, and range of colors. In the following decade, vinyl siding grew steadily in popularity in large part due to its durability, versatility, and ease of maintenance.

Modern manufacture
Today, vinyl siding is manufactured by co-extrusion. Two layers of PVC are laid down in a continuous extrusion process; the top layer is weatherable and durable material, which comprises up to 25% of the siding thickness. This capstock can include about 10% titanium dioxide, depending on the color, which is a pigment and provides resistance to breakdown from UV light. Vinyl siding that is exposed to the sun will begin to fade over time. However, the fade rate is slower with vinyl than most other claddings. Most manufacturers offer 50 year warranties that their products will not fade much over that period of time. In the past darker colors tended to fade more than lighter ones, but advancements in technology and materials can mean this is no longer the case.

The lower layer, known as substrate, is typically about 15% ground limestone (which is largely calcium carbonate). The limestone reduces cost, and also balances the titanium dioxide, keeping both extrusion streams equally fluid during manufacturing. A small quantity of tin mercaptan or butadiene is added as a stabilizer to chemically tie up any hydrochloric acid that is released into the PVC material as the siding ages. Lubricants are also added to aid in the manufacturing process.

Specs and product variables
Vinyl siding can be observed in a wide range of product quality realized in a substantial difference in thickness and lasting durability. Thickness can vary from .035" in cheaper grade siding products up to .052" in the highest grade products which vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Today, the thinnest vinyl siding commonly used is .040", and is known as "builder's grade". Vinyl product can vary in thickness even within one manufacturer up to .010" of thickness through varying product lines offered that range from basic to premium-grade products. Thicker vinyl products, usually realized in higher cost, are more rigid which can add to the aesthetic appeal and look of the installed, inherently flexible product and also add to durability and life expectancy. Thicker grades of vinyl siding may, according to some, exhibit more resistance to the most common complaint about vinyl siding – its tendency to crack in very cold weather when it is struck or bumped by a hard object while others feel that a thinner product may allow more 'flex before cracking' and is a subject of debate. However, at "This Old House" website, this assertion about thickness and crack resistance is disputed. They claim to know of test results that indicate chemical makeup has a greater influence on impact resistance than does thickness.

Chemical formulas can also vary somewhat from manufacturer to manufacturer which can impact life expectancy as formulas and possibly manufacture process can be one of the most important in terms of product quality and durability. One important advent was a UV "coating", utilized by some manufacturers that was applied to the surface of the product that filters out UV spectral light from the sun which would otherwise degrade the PVC more quickly.

Vinyl siding is manufactured with its own partial fastening or locking system that is coupled with nails that 'loose' fasten the product to the exterior wall. This locking system can be either a rolled or an extruded lock depending on the manufacturing process, either of which has its own design considerations. This locking system, either extruded or rolled has a bottom lock which locks into either a start piece or onto the top lock of the panel below. The top lock is then 'loose' nailed to hold the panel to the wall. This 'loose' nailing allows for float which is created by expansion and contraction from varying temperature and weather conditions. With well designed siding, and proper 'loose nailing' installation, the siding can easily expand up, down, in and out, and left and right without restriction. Vinyl siding, by its nature, will tend to expand and contract more with temperature extremes than any other common type of cladding.

Environmental aspects
Vinyl siding features a chlorine base, making it inherently slow to ignite and flame retardant. All organic materials (that is, anything containing carbon) will ignite, but the higher the temperature a material has to reach before it flames, the safer it is. PVC won't ignite, even from another flame, until it reaches about 730 °F (387 °C) and won't self-ignite until about 850 °F (454 °C). Those ignition temperatures are significantly higher than common framing lumber, which ignites from a flame at 500 °F (260 °C) and self-ignites at 770 °F (410 °C). Also, ASTM D2863 tests show that rigid PVC's high Limiting Oxygen Index means that it needs unusually high amounts of oxygen to burn and stay burning. Rigid PVC (vinyl siding) will not independently sustain combustion in air with a normal concentration of oxygen (about 21 percent) — so it extinguishes more easily.

Concerns by Organizations
Because of its thin profile, vinyl siding may be more likely to ignite due to exterior fire; for example, the National Institute of Standards and Technology found that, in tests involving vinyl-clad structures in close proximity, fire was observed to spread between two vinyl-clad test structures located six feet apart in fewer than five minutes.

The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) recommends using building materials that require "no additional finish resources to complete application on site" for green home builders as they reduce waste and materials used. Installing vinyl siding involves neither paint, stain, nor caulk and thus meets this NAHB requirement. Though vinyl siding does actually require caulk to seal seams where the siding J (border trim that the sliding slides into) meets windows and doors.

The Environmental Building News validated the issues raised by Greenpeace and said it was not the only organization with environmental and health concerns about vinyl. They emphasized the risks of additives like the plasticizer DEHP.

The position of the International Association of Firefighters, which represents fire fighters in the U.S. and Canada is: "Due to its intrinsic hazards, we support efforts to identify and use alternative building materials that do not pose as much risk as PVC to fire fighters, building occupants or communities."

Health Concerns
The PVC used in vinyl siding used to be produced in open vats until 1971, when angiosarcoma, a rare cancer of the liver, was traced to vinyl chloride exposure among PVC workers, and strict workplace exposure limits were established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. These changes required all vats to be tightly sealed, which led to greater capital costs and a concentration in the number of producers.

title: Vinyl siding


text:
User talk:Sundaramsahnee

This is sundaram kunmar, a software professional from india and you will be seeing my first article on the site in a few moments from now.thanking you.............

Image
I reverted your edit as it didn't really make much sense, and the page is designed as a place find the specific article that with the name Image in it, and a not a defintion page. Evil Monkey∴Hello 08:30, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sundaramsahnee


text:
Atrane

Atranes are a class of tricyclic molecules with three five-membered rings. It is a heterocyclic structure similar to the propellanes. It has a transannular dative bond from a nitrogen at one bridgehead to a Lewis acidic atom such as silicon or boron at the other bridgehead. The name "atrane" was first proposed by Mikhail Grigorievich Voronkov.

Nomenclature
Various atranes are named depending on the central element, e.g. "silatrane" (E = silicon); "boratrane" (E = boron); "phosphatrane" (E = phosphorus), etc. It is also proposed that when Y = nitrogen, the prefix "aza" be inserted before element + "atrane" (azasilatrane, for example) because atranes wherein E = silicon and Y = oxygen have been referred to as just "silatranes".

Structure and properties
Silatranes exhibit unusual properties as well as biological activity in which the coordination of nitrogen to silane plays an important role. Some derivatives such as phenylsilatrane are highly toxic.

The transannular coordinate bond in atranes can be stretched (quasiatranes) and even broken (proatranes,) by controlling their stereoelectronic properties. The strength of the transannular interaction depends on the electronegativity of the participating atoms and the size of the rings.

Proazaphosphatrane is a very strong non-ionic base and is utilized in various types of organic synthesis as an efficient catalyst.

title: Atrane


text:
Talk:Mary O'Leary (Big Brother)

Merging
Was the outcome of last series' discussions that contestant profiles should all be merged into the main Big Brother entry? Barneyboo 08:22, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The winning housemate, Nadia Almada kept her own wiki article- as did the popular contestant Marco Sabba. Previous winners (Kate Lawler, Cameron Stout, etc.) and popular contestants (Jade Goody, Jon Tickle etc.), has also kept their own articles. Less popular contestants (for example Ahmed) or those with little to write about them (for example Kitten) were merged though.
 * Mary's looking like this years favourite and extremely popular, it seems like it's worth keeping her seperate for now.

 * Given that she has now been first out (so not that popular then, although typical that a woman gets evicted when it is one man and one woman up for eviction) maybe she should be 'merged' back into the main acticle already? --Vamp:Willow 20:30, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Concur. (there is no justice rar rar froth) Vashti 12:24, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Postpone- I don't think they should be merged until the end of the series, like with the other Big Brothers.

Gnomes

 * Did* she say the gnomes were alive? I've seen people claim that that was Dermot making a joke. Vashti 07:38, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * No, she said they were alive- although it's entirely possible she was joking

title: Talk:Mary O'Leary (Big Brother)


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Nazilli Belediyespor

Nazilli Belediyespor is the local football team for city of Nazilli in Turkey. They are currently playing in the TFF Second League.

History
Nazilli Belediyespor was founded in 1984. At the beginning, the club's kit colours were yellow and navy blue, but due to request of supporters in the city, colours changed as white and black. The team strolled between TFF Second and Third Leagues for years.

Rivals
The club has Aydınspor as a local rival.

title: Nazilli Belediyespor


text:
Runyang Yangtze River Bridge

The Runyang Yangtze River Bridge is a large bridge complex that crosses the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, China, downstream of Nanjing. The complex consists of two major bridges that link Zhenjiang on the south bank of the river and Yangzhou on the north. The bridge is part of the Yangzhou–Liyang Expressway. Construction of the bridge complex began in October 2000 and was completed ahead of schedule. The bridge cost 5.8 billion Yuan (about US$700 million). The complex opened to traffic on April 30, 2005. The total length of the bridge complex is about 35.66 km. In between the two bridges is the island of Shiyezhou.

Prior to the bridge's completion, round-the-clock ferry services operated across the river. It took about 40 minutes to reach the Zhenjiang Railway Station from Yangzhou. To this day, this nearby, round-the-clock ferry service operates across the river. The fee is approximately 15 yuan per small car, with a wait time of about 5 minutes. Cars and trucks drive directly onto the ferry boats before departure. Some locals estimate the ferries more quickly connect the city centers of Zhenjiang and Yangzhou.

South bridge
The south bridge is a suspension bridge with a main span of 1490 m. Upon its completion in 2005 it became the third longest suspension bridge span in the world and the largest in China. With the opening of the Xihoumen Bridge in 2007, it became the second longest span in China. It is now the ninth longest in the world. The towers are 215 m above water level. The two approach spans are not suspended. The main span of the bridge consists of a streamlined orthotropic steel box girder that is 3 m in depth. The width of the deck is 39.2 m, accommodating 6 traffic lanes and a narrow walkway at each outside edge for maintenance. The height clearance for river navigation is about 50 m.

Another planned suspension bridge across the Qiongzhou Strait in China, will be larger than the south bridge, spanning between 2,000 and 2,500 metres.

North bridge
The north bridge is a cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 406 m with towers 150 m above water level.

title: Runyang Yangtze River Bridge


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Arthrolycosidae

Arthrolycosidae is an extinct family of arachnids, possibly spiders. Fossils placed in the family were found in the Carboniferous to Permian. They were considered by Alexander Petrunkevitch to be "mesotheles", i.e. placed in the spider suborder Mesothelae. However, Paul A. Selden has stated they only have "the general appearance of spiders", with segmented abdomens (opisthosomae), but no definite spinnerets. At least some of the specimens placed in the family in the genus Arthrolycosa are considered to be spiders, whereas Eocteniza is "rather problematic as a spider".

Genera
Genera placed in the Arthrolycosidae are shown below, together with the location of the fossils.

 * †Arthrolycosa Harger, 1874 – United States (Mazon Creek), Ukraine, Russia
 * †Eocteniza Pocock, 1911 – England (Coseley)

title: Arthrolycosidae


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Fassaite

Fassaite is a variety of augite with a very low iron content, Ca(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)2O6. It is named after the Fassa Valley, Italy.

It is thought to be a contact mineral formed at high temperature on the interface between volcanic rocks and limestone. It is also reported in meteorites.

title: Fassaite


text:
Ginger Island

Ginger Island is a presently uninhabited island of the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean. It is one of the last undeveloped privately held islands in the territory. The island is roughly 258 acre in size. It is the location of two of the better dive sites in the British Virgin Islands: "Alice in Wonderland" and "Ginger Steppes". The island is owned by Texas oil billionaire William Harrison. Most people do not go on the island, as there is no dockage and the island is very overgrown.

title: Ginger Island


text:
Talk:Donkey Kong Racing

Article had Paon listed the developer, which is incorrect. I attempted to fix it by listing the developer as Rare (which instead linked to the page on the word "Rare", which was a mistake on my part, now links to the correct article thanks to Rockstar915. Let it be known that Paon had no part in development of this game. SSYoshi 22:58, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

I have no idea why this article was moved to Donkey Kong Racing (cancelled). It's known as Donkey Kong Racing, not as the former. I've moved it back where it belongs. - Vague | Rant 08:30, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, that was me. • Thorpe • 10:05, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Since the game was cancelled, however, I feel this should be merged with Diddy Kong Racing. Theres no reason for an entire article to exist on a game that will most likely never see the light of day now - especially since this is only, and will only ever be, a stub. K1Bond007 21:29, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and merged this at Diddy Kong Racing as I previously said. There was no point in this having it's own article. If Nintendo ever develops it then by all means resurrect, but until then.. it's better to redirect. K1Bond007 03:15, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think I agree with you there. What happens if there wasn't a Diddy Kong Racing game? Would it still have its own article then? • Thorpe • 09:16, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

I removed the redirect for a couple reasons A) The article already has it's share links to it not related to Diddy Kong Racing (IE: Zinger, List of Cancelled Video Games) and B) It is notable since the game unlike say Kameo:Elements of Power, or It's Mr Pants (which was origionally titled Donkey Kong: Coconut Crackers) This title was not retooled in any way for any other system, there for it remains the only casualty of Rare's 2001 E3 lineup. Deathawk 01:18, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

Articles for Deletion debate
This article survived an Articles for Deletion debate. The discussion can be found here. -Splash talk 23:45, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:DKRacing.jpg
Image:DKRacing.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 05:53, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donkey Kong Racing