text:
User talk:Pathikbd

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Ragib 04:05, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Email addresses on webpages
Hi, I'm not sure if you are aware but wikipedia is targeted by bots which like to harvest email addresses. It might be a good idea if you want to include your email address to rewrite it like this name (AT) site (DOT) com.

To a human it is obvious what the address is but a bot will have a hard time understanding it. Grandwazir 13:31, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Article on Jute Cultivation
Hi! I've been assigned to cleanup the Jute_cultivation article, considering you are one of the major contributers could you take a moment to have a look at the new version? Also I removed a link to your personal site which was in the article. Linking your own website on your user page is fine but we can't have the link in a actual article. Grandwazir 21:14, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

 * By following back some of your contributions I have noticed you have been linking back to your companies website on other pages as well, I've removed the links for you.

 * I've also removed some blanant advertising in wiki/Image:Tossa-n-white.gif Wikipedia is not a soapbox. Grandwazir 00:45, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Jute photo
Thanks for uploading the Jute photograph Image:Jute-small.jpg. Could you add some details about its copyright status, please - is it your own photo, or one from somewhere else that can be used without copyright problems? Please check this page: Image copyright tags for information on tagging pictures. Thanks - MPF 19:20, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Welcome, and please contribute more
Hi, welcome to wikipedia. We need more editors from Bangladesh. Please contribute to articles on Bangladesh, and join the WikiProject Bangladesh in writing detailed, complete articles on Bangladesh. Thanks. --Ragib 05:00, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Voting for Biography collaboration of the week
Hi, the article Sheikh Hasina has been nominated for voting at "Biography collaboration of the week". What this will do is that for a week, people of the team would contribute to make the article enriched, balanced and complete. Since this is an article about a Bangladeshi politician and a rich article would promote Bangladesh more, I think regardless of political beliefs we can vote for it. Even if you are opposed to her political ideology, you can be sure that both her positive and negative sides would be presented in a Collaboration of the week article. Please vote at Biography Collaboration of the Week by signing your name with # ~. Thanks. --Ragib 04:16, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Old_Dundee_JuteMill.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Old_Dundee_JuteMill.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 06:46, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

Jute
Hello Asif - thanks for the note; normally, commercial external links (which could be seen as advertising) are discouraged at wikipedia, which is why I removed it. However, where they are important information sources they can be included (see External links), so I will restore it given its importance as a source for the article. I think in a case like this it is best to inform readers it is a commercial site. Of the other changes I made, most were for style (using Commonwealth English spelling consistently throughout, which is more appropriate for a Bangladesh-related topic; lower case headers; spelling out 'and' rather than using '&', and similar). Hope this helps! Best regards, MPF 09:42, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on Bdtube.com, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because it is an article about a certain website, blog, forum, or other web content that does not assert the importance or significance of that web location. Please read our criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 7 under Articles, as well as notability guidelines for websites. Please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources which verify their content.

Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait a while for you to add contextual material, please affix the template  to the page, and put a note on Talk:Bdtube.com. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Thanks. DarkSaber2k 11:43, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Bdtube-logo.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Bdtube-logo.gif. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 10:31, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Bdtube-snapshot.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Bdtube-snapshot.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 10:31, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Bdtube-logo.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Bdtube-logo.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot (talk) 20:33, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Bdtube-snapshot.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Bdtube-snapshot.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot (talk) 20:33, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

Image:Jute_cultivation.gif listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Jute_cultivation.gif, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Calliopejen1 (talk) 17:09, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

Jute Animated Images
Hey, on the Jute article discussion page, there was a section discussing the animated images which you created. It was agreed that they are unnecessarily animated and only distract from the article instead of providing more clarity. I took the liberty of transitioning your images into stills. I believe in doing so, I kept all of the original intent of the images. I edited the following images:
 * Image:Tossa-n-white.gif
 * Image:Jute plant.gif

Thanks for contributing :) Epheterson (talk) 22:21, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

Request for Transcription
Hi, would it be possible to you to transcribe this Rabindranath Tagore poem to bengali script? Thanks

Bhulbona ar shohojete

Shei praan e mon uthbe mete

Mrittu majhe dhaka ache

je ontohin praan

Bojre tomar baje bashi

She ki shohoj gaan

Shei shurete jagbo ami

Shei jhor jeno shoi anonde

Chittobinar taare

Shotto-shundu dosh digonto

Nachao je jhonkare!

Askewmind''' | (Talk) 20:45, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:B.A.R.I.High.School.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:B.A.R.I.High.School.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

If you created this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to , stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to .

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.  SKATER  Speak. 15:17, 19 May 2010 (UTC)

File copyright problem with File:B.A.R.I.High.School.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:B.A.R.I.High.School.jpg. However, it currently is missing information on its copyright status. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously. It may be deleted soon, unless we can determine the license and the source of the file. If you know this information, then you can add a copyright tag to the image description page.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their license and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log].

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thanks again for your cooperation.  SKATER  Hmm? 03:46, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of File:Pre-retting.gif

A tag has been placed on File:Pre-retting.gif requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section F9 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the image appears to be a blatant copyright infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted images or text borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Marcus Qwertyus (talk) 02:40, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of File:Retting.gif

A tag has been placed on File:Retting.gif requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section F9 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the image appears to be a blatant copyright infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted images or text borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Marcus Qwertyus (talk) 02:41, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of File:Juteswarl.gif

A tag has been placed on File:Juteswarl.gif requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section F9 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the image appears to be a blatant copyright infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted images or text borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Marcus Qwertyus (talk) 02:41, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Cost per 1000 Eyeovers

A tag has been placed on Cost per 1000 Eyeovers requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about something made up, and it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, you can place a request here. Writ Keeper ⚇♔ 02:07, 24 November 2013 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Cost per 1000 Eyeovers

The article Cost per 1000 Eyeovers has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Non-notable neologism.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Writ Keeper ⚇♔ 08:01, 24 November 2013 (UTC)

You are Invited to Bangla Wikipedia Photography Contest 2014!
 Hello Pathikbd, First of all take heartiest greetings from.

In order to celebrate it's 10 year Bengali Wikipedia has arranged a photography contest at Wikimedia Commons. It is scheduled to, start at 1 September 2014 00:00 (UTC) and end at 31 October 2014 00:00 (UTC). We welcome you participate there. Hoping to see you at the contest. Thanks.

Posted by: MediaWiki message delivery (talk) on behalf of 15:11, 8 September 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

モロヘイヤ listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect モロヘイヤ. Since you had some involvement with the モロヘイヤ redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Plantdrew (talk) 03:52, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

埃及野菜 listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect 埃及野菜. Since you had some involvement with the 埃及野菜 redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Plantdrew (talk) 03:58, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Beparis

The article Beparis has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Beparies just mean traders in local language, not specific in any commodity but general traders. source:https://books.google.com/books?id=CeSXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=Beparis&source=bl&ots=GZvlgu-ykn&sig=goicEoP2rserX41tGNUxL5HD51o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQkpGxgYvZAhUFmVkKHb9ZD9cQ6AEIRDAG#v=onepage&q=Beparis&f=false"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Vinegarymass911 (talk) 00:34, 4 February 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pathikbd


text:
Chart datum

A chart datum is the water level surface serving as origin of depths displayed on a nautical chart and for reporting and predicting tide heights. A chart datum is generally derived from some tidal phase, in which case it is also known as a tidal datum. Common chart datums are lowest astronomical tide (LAT) and mean lower low water (MLLW). In non-tidal areas, e.g. the Baltic Sea, mean sea level (MSL) is used. A chart datum is a type of vertical datum and must not be confused with the horizontal datum for the chart.

Definitions
The following tidal phases are commonly used in the definition of chart datums.

Lowest and highest astronomical tide
Lowest astronomical tide (LAT) is defined as the lowest tide level which can be predicted to occur under average meteorological conditions and under any combination of astronomical conditions. Many national charting agencies, including the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office and the Australian Hydrographic Service, use the LAT to define chart datums.

One advantage of using LAT for chart datums is that all predicted tidal heights must then be positive (or zero) avoiding possible ambiguity and the need to explicitly state sign.

Calculation of the LAT only allows for gravitational effects so lower tides may occur in practice due to meteorological effects, such as high pressure systems.

The highest astronomical tide (HAT) can be defined similarly.

Mean high water
Mean high water (MHW) is the average of all the daily tidal high water levels observed over a period of several years. It is not the same as the normal tidal limit. In the United States this period spans 19 years and is referred to as the National Tidal Datum Epoch.

In Australia, the definition of the MHW is '...the line of the medium high tide between the highest tide of each lunar month (the springs) and the lowest each lunar month (the Neaps) averaged over the year.'

Mean lower low water
Mean lower low water (MLLW) is the average height of the lowest tide recorded at a tide station each day during a 19-year recording period, known as the National Tidal Datum Epoch as used by the United States' National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. MLLW is only a mean, so some tidal levels may be negative relative to MLLW; see also. The 19-year recording period is the nearest full year count to the 18.6-year cycle of the lunar node regression, which has an effect on tides.

Lower low water large tide
This is an average of lowest low waters taken over a fixed period of tidal predictions, as opposed to actual observations. This is the datum used for coastal charts published by the Canadian Hydrographic Service, with the average taken from the lowest tides, one from each 19 year period of tidal predictions.

Mean higher high water
Similarly, the mean higher high water (MHHW) is the average height of the highest tide recorded at a tide station each day during the recording period. It is used, among other things as a datum from which to measure the navigational clearance, or air draft, under bridges.

Mean water spring
Spring tides are those when the moon is in a direct alignment with the sun (thus new or full) and in many extra-tropics places when its declination is 23.5°, its maximum. In equatorial, tropical seas, such as the Banda Sea such tides (bulges) occur when there is such an alignment and the declination of the moon is more towards its 0° average, thus more overhead or antiposed.

Mean low water springs
Mean low water springs (MLWS) is the average of the water levels of each pair of successive low waters during that period of about 24 hours in each semi-lunation (approximately every 14 days), when the tidal range is greatest (spring range).

Mean high water springs
Mean high water springs (MHWS) is the averaged highest level that spring tides reach over many years (often the last 19 years). Within this, to ensure anomalous levels are tempered, at least two successive high waters during the highest-tide 24 hours are taken.

Such a local level is generally close to the "high water mark" where debris accumulates on a tidal shore on about two days six months apart (and nearby days) annually. The levels are local as some places are nearer to or form places of almost no tides in and around each ocean (amphidromic points).

Charts and tables
Charted depths and drying heights on nautical charts are given relative to chart datum. Some height values on charts, such as vertical clearances under bridges or overhead wires, may be referenced to a different vertical datum, such as mean high water springs or highest astronomical tide (HAT) (for "HAT" see tidal range).

Tide tables give the height of the tide above a chart datum making it feasible to calculate the depth of water at a given point and at a given time by adding the charted depth to the height of the tide. One may calculate whether an area that dries is under water by subtracting the drying height from the [given] height calculated from the tide table.

Using charts and tables not based on the same geodetic datum can result in incorrect calculation of water depths.

Satellite navigation
In recent years national hydrographic agencies have spearheaded developments to establish chart datum with respect to the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS 80) reference ellipsoid, thus enabling direct compatibility with satellite navigation (GNSS) positioning. Examples of this include Vertical Offshore Reference Frames (VORF) for the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) and Bathyelli for Naval Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOM).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chart datum


text:
You Are Not Alone

"You Are Not Alone" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson from his ninth studio album, HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995). It was released on August 15, 1995 by Epic and Sony, as the second single from the album.

An R&B ballad, "You Are Not Alone" was written by fellow American singer-songwriter R. Kelly for Jackson in response to difficult times in his own personal life. Kelly sent a demo tape to Jackson, who liked the song and decided to produce it with him in his Chicago studio. Jackson's interest in the song was also linked to events in his personal life. The accompanying music video, which featured Jackson and his then-wife Lisa Marie Presley, featured scenes of semi-nudity.

"You Are Not Alone" received generally positive reviews and was the recipient of Grammy and American Music Award nominations. It holds a Guinness World Record as the first song to debut at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100, and was certified platinum by the RIAA. It also topped the charts in Austria, Belgium, France, Ireland, New Zealand, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. It was re-released in 2006 as part of Jackson's box set Visionary: The Video Singles, and re-entered at number 30 in the UK Singles Chart.

"You Are Not Alone" was Jackson's thirteenth and final number-one US single. After his death in June 2009, Kelly paid tribute by including a version of the song created by himself as a hidden track on his album Love Letter (2010). In 2011, a clip of the song was remixed with the Jackson song "I Just Can't Stop Loving You"; the final "Immortal Version" was released on the Immortal album.

Production and composition
"You Are Not Alone" is a pop and R&B ballad about love and isolation. The song was written by R. Kelly and produced by Kelly and Jackson. Kelly wrote the song after losing close people in his life. Kelly was delighted to be able to work with his idol, explaining "I was psyched ... I feel I could have done his whole album. Not being selfish. I was just that geeked about it. It was an experience out of this world ... It's amazing to know that five years ago I was writing songs in a basement in the ghetto and now I'm writing for Michael Jackson ... I'd be a fool not to say it's a dream come true." Jackson contacted Kelly to see if he had any material available. Kelly forwarded a tape recording of the song and Jackson then agreed to work with Kelly on the piece. On the tape sent to Jackson, Kelly sung "You Are Not Alone" mimicking Jackson's vocal style, explaining, "I think I am him. I become him. I want him to feel that as well." Jackson found the interpretation amusing. They spent the last week of November 1994 together in the studio working on the track.

Jackson explained that he instantly liked the song, but listened to it twice before making his final decision. Although the song was written by Kelly, Jackson was adamant that the production should be a collaborative effort among the two musicians. The tape sent to him had no harmony or modulations, so Jackson added a choir in the final portion and added a sense of climax and structure to the final piece. Sheet music for "You Are Not Alone" is in the key of B major (with the pre-chorus in C-sharp minor and the last two choruses in D-flat major and E-flat major), with a tempo of 60 beats per minute, making it one of Jackson's slowest songs.

Plagiarism
In 1993, Edward and Daniel van Passel wrote the score to a song titled "If We Can Start All Over". It was registered with the Belgian Society of Authors, Composers and Publishers (SABAM) that year. The score has never been commercially released, and can only be found as sheet music, which does not contain information about the timbre, rhythm or harmony.

When "You Are Not Alone" became a worldwide success, the van Passel brothers approached SABAM saying it was similar to their song. The internal committee noted similarities between the melodies and recommended pursuing a lawsuit against Kelly and Zomba Record Holding Holland BV. The brothers applied to the Court of Leuven for an injunction on October 18, 1995. The Belgian Court rejected the claim of plagiarism on January 20, 2003, finding that the 43.46% similarity between the two melodies was a coincidence. The van Passel brothers submitted an appeal.

On September 4, 2007, the Court of Appeal in Brussels reversed the 2003 ruling, based on the fact that Kelly's earliest evidence of writing "You Are Not Alone" was August 1995, 21 months after the brothers had registered their score for "If We Can Start All Over". The court concluded that it was possible that Kelly had accessed the score and developed this into "You Are Not Alone". Kelly maintains that he never met or heard of the van Passel brothers. The court also stated that the van Passel brothers "did not create their work merely in order to register it with SABAM and put it in a drawer, but at least informed third parties of the existence of their composition".

Belgium maintains a ban on all radio and television broadcasts of the "You Are Not Alone" song and music video. Vendors found with copies face fines of €1000 for each copy of the song. The van Passel brothers have gained recognition as co-writers of the melody for "You Are Not Alone" in Belgium.

Critical reaction
'You Are Not Alone' received positive views from music critics. In more recent years, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic expressed the opinion that it was amongst some of the best songs Jackson ever released, calling the song seductive. Steve Baltin from Cash Box described it as a "weepy ballad". In his weekly UK chart commentary in Dotmusic, James Masterton said that it "probably ranks as one of the most beautiful songs Michael Jackson has ever recorded". Pan-European magazine Music & Media wrote, "A far cry from "Scream", Jackson undergoes a gigantic moodswing here. Sad as he is, the vibrato in his vocals perfectly complements the moody ballad". A reviewer from Music Week rated it five out of five, adding, "Barely a yelp or gulp to be had on this dead simple R Kelly-penned and produced ballad. Not the strongest slowie on the album but a lot of wayward fans will be hankering after some no-frills old style Jackson. A biggie." The R&B critic and journalist Nelson George described the song as lovely and supple. Jon Pareles of The New York Times felt it was the only conventional love song on the new material on HIStory. He compared it to Mariah Carey's song "Hero" and said it "sounds like a surefire hit". Mark Sutherland from NME viewed it as a "syrupy ballad". James Hunter of Rolling Stone noted that, "the excellent current single 'Scream' or the first-rate R&B ballad 'You Are Not Alone' – manage to link the incidents of Jackson's recent past to universal concepts, like injustice or isolation. When he bases his music in the bluntness of hip-hop, Jackson sketches funky scenarios denouncing greed, blanket unreliability and false accusation".

Writer and journalist J. Randy Taraborrelli wrote of the song in 2004, "[it] remains among Michael's best songs ... On listening to 'You Are Not Alone', one wonders how many times Michael tried to tell himself, during his most desperate and anguished times, that he did have support in his life, from a higher power, or even friends and family, whether he actually believed it or not". Fred Shuster of the Daily News of Los Angeles described it as the best song on the album. Conversely, while Steve Holsey of Michigan Chronicle gave the album a positive review, he described the song as the worst on the album, calling the Kelly penned lyrics "trite" and below the standard set by Jackson's own lyrical skills. Robert Christgau of Blender would later call it "quietly yucky" while pop music critic Bill Wyman of New York called it "drony and unpleasant." Revisiting "You Are Not Alone" in 2022, Tom Breihan of Stereogum negatively described the song as "thin gruel" and as a "sort of generic sad ballad", while complimenting Jackson's vocals for sounding "as tender and reassuring as ever". "You Are Not Alone" received an American Music Award nomination and a Grammy nomination both for "Best Pop Vocal Performance".

Chart performance
Commercially, "You Are Not Alone" remains one of Jackson's best selling singles and it is also his 13th and final number one song. It holds the Guinness World Record for the first song ever to debut at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. It was also Jackson's last number one single on the chart. It debuted at number one with first week sales of 120,000 copies. The song was certified platinum by the RIAA and sold one million copies domestically. It broke the record set by his previous double A-side single "Scream" and "Childhood," which was the first song in the 37-year history of Billboard to debut at number five—where it peaked. It peaked at number one in the UK after a debut at number three in the prior week. The song also reached number one in Belgium, France, New Zealand, Spain and Switzerland. In Canada it peaked at number two. It became a top ten hit in every major market.

Music video

The music video for "You Are Not Alone" was directed by American director Wayne Isham and was released to ABC, MTV, and BET on July 28, 1995. It begins with a large number of paparazzi taking photographs of Jackson. The plot then centers around two locations: a temple where Jackson appears in an affectionate semi-nude scene with his then-wife, Lisa Marie Presley, and a theater where Jackson performs the song to an empty hall. Jackson also appears alone in other locations such as deserts and along tide pools. The slightly extended version that appeared on HIStory on Film, Volume II was notable for scenes where special effects were used to give Jackson white, feathery, almost angelic wings. Several of these scenes included Jackson's side having been pierced by an arrow. The other version of the video is included on Number Ones and Michael Jackson's Vision. The temple scenes were a homage to Maxfield Parrish's 1922 painting Daybreak. The theater scenes were filmed at the Pantages Theatre, in Los Angeles.

Live performances
Jackson first performed "You Are Not Alone" at the 1995 Soul Train Music Awards, and also at the 1995 MTV Video Music Awards. At the latter awards ceremony, the song was performed without the second verse. Jackson then performed the song at the Royal Brunei concert in 1996 where it was performed as a complete song. Jackson also performed it during the HIStory World Tour as a complete song, during which one girl was allowed to dance with him on stage, similar to the Soul Train Music Awards performance. Jackson's next performance of "You Are Not Alone" was at the MJ & Friends concert in Seoul on June 25, 1999; this also turned out to be the song's last performance by Jackson himself, occurring ten years to the day of his death. The song was performed without the second verse, similar to the "1995 MTV Awards" performance. It was also due to be performed at the This Is It concert series, however, the shows were cancelled due to his death.

Diana Ross recorded a version of this song on her international-only released album, Voice of Love produced by Nick Martinelli. Ross would also close her successful 2010–12 More Today Than Yesterday: The Greatest Hits Tour with this song as a tribute to Jackson.

Track listings

 * CD single
 * 1) "You Are Not Alone" – 4:54
 * 2) "Scream Louder" (Flyte Tyme Remix) – 5:30

 * 12-inch single
 * 1) "You Are Not Alone" (R. Kelly Remix) – 6:25
 * 2) "You Are Not Alone" (Jon B. Main Remix) – 6:55
 * 3) "You Are Not Alone" (Franctified Club Mix) – 10:09
 * 4) "Rock with You" (Frankie's Favorite Club Mix) – 7:45
 * 5) "Rock with You" (Masters at Work Remix) – 5:30

Personnel

 * Produced by R. Kelly and Michael Jackson
 * Recorded and mixed by Bruce Swedien
 * Michael Jackson – lead and background vocals, vocal and rhythm arrangements
 * R. Kelly and Steve Porcaro – synthesizers and keyboards
 * R. Kelly – background vocals
 * Peter Mokran, Andrew Scheps, and Steve Porcaro – synthesizer programming

The X Factor UK 2009 finalists version
The top twelve acts from the sixth series of TV talent show The X Factor in the United Kingdom released a cover version of the song on November 15, 2009, in aid of Great Ormond Street Hospital. The finalists premiered the song live on the November 15 edition of the programme; the single was available for digital download that day and a physical release followed the day after. The release of the song follows a similar occurrence a year earlier, when the final twelve acts from the fifth series released a cover version of Mariah Carey's "Hero" in aid of Help for Heroes and raised over £1 million. It has been confirmed to have sold over 400,000 copies, therefore achieving a Gold single certification.

Music video
The video is very similar to the video of the cover version of the charity single of the year before. It shows various contestants performing their part in front of a plain black background, then shows the 12 finalists together performing the song in front of a screen of photos. Photos and video footage of the finalists at the Great Ormond Street Hospital are shown throughout the video.

R. Kelly version
R. Kelly recorded his own version of the song and put it on his 2010 album Love Letter, he recorded it as a tribute to Jackson following his death. The song was included as a hidden bonus track on the album, shown as the final song on the album's track list. The song starts with Kelly paying tribute to Jackson, saying "In loving memories of my hero... MJ".

Track listing
Digital single from Love Letter

title: You Are Not Alone


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Bastardization/archive1

Bastardization
A certain person starter replacing the term "corruption" (of words) by "bastardization". After I reverted them, they got a user name and wrote the current article. While I am aware of the meaning of the word, I don't see its common acceptance in this meaning, see, eg., reference provided in the "bastardization" article: Dictionary.com Definition. I don't see much difference between "corruption" and "bastardization". Both terms have their original meanings, of differing gist. I feel that bastardization is of more emotional attitude, and nothing more of additional meaning. Therefore I reverted the mentioned editor's changes.

I'd like to have an article that describes them both, especially since corruption (disambiguation) does not really describe this meaning sufficiently. mikka (t) 19:20, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Should the page be called "Bastardize" rather than "Bastardization"? It could use an etymology. Other than that I think it's too short for a featured article. Sorry to be so negative. :) — RJH 15:12, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Sorry, I see that I probably misplaced the request. Where shall I address the questions about the correctness of the article? I had no intention to suggest it as a featured article. mikka (t) 16:49, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Zalan

Zalan may refer to:

Places

 * Zalan-e Olya, a village in Iran
 * Zălan, a village in Romania
 * Zalan, Republic of Buryatia, a rural locality in Russia

Other uses

 * Zalan (duke), 9th-century nobleman
 * Zalan FC, South Sudanese football club
 * Zalán (given name), a Hungarian name

title: Zalan


text:
Talk:Thursday Next

rewrite
This article needs a complete rewrite. Nearly every word of it is just describing the plot and the alternate universe, there is nothing about how the books were received by the public or anything else relating to reality. Large sections of it could probably just be removed and it's appalling that an article this long that has been on-wiki for such a long time only has four sources and one of them is just Google maps. Beeblebrox (talk) 16:33, 10 October 2019 (UTC)

Fforde Fair
What happened to the Fforde fair? 2603:7080:6238:F90C:6C8B:7791:32BB:C53F (talk) 13:38, 25 October 2022 (UTC)

Maps as source
Is there any way of listing something in Wikipedia as "not proven but probably true"? I refer to the use of Google Maps as a source. The only thing I see wrong with it is that Swindon BC could possibly have some other reason for thus naming their streets. Possible, since coincidences happen, but not very likely. Odd also that very nearby there is a Hardy Close joining with Egdon Close. But yes, something conclusive from Swindon BC on the matter would be better. Unless Next fans prefer living with uncertainty! Richonthegade (talk) 12:31, 12 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thursday Next


text:
User talk:Metalloid

Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  19:21, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * You're welcome =). Hope you enjoy your time on wikipedia, and of course, any questions, let me know. --Spangineer  (háblame)  22:29, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

Question
Hello Metalloid, very nice job on the ferredoxin article, I was like yeah baby, this is nice! But then I edited it too some, because the old version did contain something meaningful in laymen's terms that I could instantly grasp - you may want to override some things in my edit because they might be incorrect. I see you have some very nice edits in the biochem area, but please consider laymen like myself when writing these articles. Also I have a question about "In hydroxylating bacterial dioxygenase systems, they serve as intermediate electron-transfer carriers between reductase flavoproteins and oxygenase [2]." What does the [2] stand for? You may want to be more careful with such things ;) It's always nice to have references, if you have any, if it's not all just accumulated in your head.

Sergent Garcia
The article had been deleted for the same reason by another editor prior to me for the same reason. It had no independent references to show that it met the notability (music) guidelines, it said his music is a "new fashion that he defines as salsamuffin." It says his second album " is a success in France", but no evidence, and his third is "judged less flavored by the public and becomes much less popular." There's nothing to support restoration  Jimfbleak -  talk to me?  07:03, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

 * I've put the text here for you to work on  Jimfbleak -  talk to me?  17:51, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Arco Iris (samba band)
A tag has been placed on Arco Iris (samba band) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a band or musician, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for musical topics. You may also wish to consider using a Wizard to help you create articles - see the Article Wizard.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. Victão Lopes I hear you... 22:10, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:ChEBI
Template:ChEBI has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you. Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 05:32, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Metalloid


text:
Eton Group

The Eton Group is an association of 12 English public schools within the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. The Eton Group schools often cooperate with each other, organising events and school matches. For example, the Heads of academic departments meet to discuss curriculum matters of common interest. The Headteachers and the Bursars also meet from time to time. Unlike the older Rugby Group, which contains only boarding schools, the Eton Group includes both boarding schools outside of London and London schools taking day pupils.

The 12 Eton Group schools are: • Bryanston School, Dorset

• Dulwich College, London

• Eton College, Berkshire

• Highgate School, London

• King's College School, London

• Marlborough College, Wiltshire

• Sherborne School, Dorset

• St Paul's School, London

• The King's School, Canterbury, Kent

• Tonbridge School, Kent

• University College School, London

• Westminster School, London

In 2003, following an investigation by The Sunday Times into the Eton Group and other schools, the Office of Fair Trading launched an investigation into alleged fee-fixing at independent schools. The bursar of Eton College, Andrew Wynn, was quoted as saying: "We do meet and talk about fees to get some idea of what other schools are thinking. We are a co-operative bunch and we are not out to slit each other's throats." The Independent Schools Council said independent schools were following long-established practice and were not aware that the Competition Act 1998 (on which they were not consulted) had removed their previous exemption from anti-cartel rules.

The OFT concluded in 2005 that 50 schools, including seven in the Eton Group, had exchanged detailed information about planned fee levels in a survey coordinated by Sevenoaks School. The case was settled in 2006, with the schools admitting that such exchange of information "involved a distortion of competition and infringed competition law", but not admitting to any effect on fees. The schools each paid a £10,000 penalty, and agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling £3 million to a trust to benefit pupils attending the schools in the relevant years.

title: Eton Group


text:
Humanists International

Humanists International (known as the International Humanist and Ethical Union, or IHEU, from 1952–2019) is an international non-governmental organisation championing secularism and human rights, motivated by secular humanist values. Founded in Amsterdam in 1952, it is an umbrella organisation made up of more than 160 secular humanist, atheist, rationalist, agnostic, skeptic, freethought and Ethical Culture organisations from over 80 countries.

Humanists International campaigns globally on human rights issues, with a specific emphasis on defending freedom of thought and expression and the rights of the non-religious, who are often a vulnerable minority in many parts of the world. The organisation is based in London but maintains a presence at the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva, the United Nations General Assembly in New York, and the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, among other international institutions. Its advocacy work focuses on shaping debates on issues associated with humanism, the rights of the non-religious, and promoting humanist attitudes to social issues.

Humanists International is particularly active in challenging blasphemy and apostasy laws around the world and at the UN. Its annual Freedom of Thought Report indexes the world's countries by treatment of the non-religious and their commitment to freedom of thought and expression. Working with its member organisations, it also helps to coordinate support for those fleeing danger from states which persecute the non-religious. It advocates a humanist approach to various social issues, contributing to bioethical debates and arguing in favour of sexual and reproductive health and rights, LGBT rights, children's rights and women's rights, and in opposition to slavery and caste discrimination.

Outside of its advocacy work, Humanists International functions as the democratic organ of the global humanist movement. It holds a general assembly each year and a World Humanist Congress usually every three years; its next World Congress will be held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in August 2023. Humanists International works to stimulate the growth of humanism and freethought and the spread of Enlightenment values around the world by supporting activists to form effective organisations in their home countries. In 2002, the Humanists International general assembly unanimously adopted the Amsterdam Declaration 2002, which presents as "the official defining statement of World Humanism". Its official symbol, the Happy Human, is shared with its member organisations worldwide.

Humanism as a life stance
In 2002, at the organisation's 50th anniversary World Humanist Congress, delegates unanimously passed a resolution known as the Amsterdam Declaration 2002, an update of the original Amsterdam Declaration (1952).

The Amsterdam Declaration defines Humanism as a "lifestance" that is "ethical", "rational", supportive of "democracy and human rights", insisting "that personal liberty must be combined with social responsibility"; it is "an alternative to dogmatic religion"; it values "artistic creativity and imagination" and is aimed at living lives of "fulfillment" through the powers of "free inquiry", "science" and "creative imagination".

In addition to the Amsterdam Declaration's "official statement of World Humanism", Humanists International provides a "Minimum Statement on Humanism": Humanism is a democratic and ethical life stance, which affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape to their own lives. It stands for the building of a more humane society through an ethic based on human and other natural values in the spirit of reason and free inquiry through human capabilities. It is not theistic, and it does not accept supernatural views of reality.

Member Organisations of Humanists International are required according to its membership regulations to have objects that are "consistent" with this understanding of Humanism.

Other major resolutions
At the World Humanist Congress in 2005, in France, the General Assembly adopted The Paris Declaration 2005, on state secularism, which states: "There can be no freedom of conscience when religions rule societies. Secularism is the demand for equal rights for those who belong to any religion as well as for those who belong to none... For IHEU (International Humanist and Ethical Union) and its member organizations, the State must be secular, that is, neither religious not atheist. But demanding genuine democratic equality, recognized by the Law, between believers and humanists does not mean that the member associations of IHEU treat all philosophical points of view equally. We have no duty to respect irrationalism, however ancient its origins. True Humanism is the flourishing of freedom of conscience and the methods of free inquiry."In 2007, in an "unprecedented alliance" of the (then) International Humanist and Ethical Union, the European Humanist Federation and Catholics for Choice, launched the Brussels Declaration, a secular response to a proposed Berlin Declaration, under which the amended EU Constitution would have made references to "God" and the "Christian roots of Europe". It made specific reference to policy positions on equality and human rights for different minority groups, concluding: "The principles and values on which European civilisation is founded are once again under threat. We call upon the people of Europe and all who care for freedom, democracy and the rule of law to join us in promoting and protecting them."

At World Humanist Congress 2011, in Norway, the Humanists International General Assembly adopted The Oslo Declaration on Peace, which concludes: "We urge each of our member organizations and Humanists globally to work for a more peaceful culture in their own nations and urge all governments to prefer the peaceful settlement of conflicts over the alternative of violence and war."

At World Humanist Congress 2014, in the United Kingdom, the Humanists International General Assembly adopted The Oxford Declaration on Freedom of Thought and Expression, which asserts: "Freedom of thought implies the right to develop, hold, examine and manifest our beliefs without coercion, and to express opinions and a worldview whether religious or non-religious, without fear of coercion. It includes the right to change our views or to reject beliefs previously held, or previously ascribed. Pressure to conform to ideologies of the state or to doctrines of religion is a tyranny."

In 2017, Humanists International held a special conference on threats to humanism and liberal democracy from rising authoritarian populism and extremism as part of its general assembly in London. At the following general assembly in Auckland, New Zealand, in 2018, Humanists International members agreed The Auckland Declaration on the Politics of Division, which condemned a recent global resurgence of demagogy, "exemplified in a new generation of so-called “strong men” politicians, who purport to stand up for popular interests, but who are eager to diminish human rights and disregard minorities in order to gain and retain power for their own ends". The Declaration commits humanist organisations "to addressing the social causes of the politics of division: social inequality, a lack of respect for human rights, popular misconceptions about the nature of democracy" and affirms the "values of democracy, rule of law, equality, and human rights."

In 2019, Humanists International members unanimously passed the Reykjavik Declaration on the Climate Change Crisis, acknowledging the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change committing the international humanist movement to "foster a social and political commitment to urgent action and long-term policymaking to mitigate and prevent climate change."

Founding in 1952
Five Humanist organisations, the American Ethical Union, American Humanist Association, British Ethical Union (later the British Humanist Association and now Humanists UK), Vienna Ethical Society and the Dutch Humanist League hosted the founding congress of the International Humanist and Ethical Union in Amsterdam, 22–27 August 1952. On the last day of the congress five resolutions were passed, which included a statement of the fundamentals of "modern, ethical Humanism", a resolution which would come to be known as the Amsterdam Declaration (1952).

Current structure
Humanists International is a democratic organisation, the Board of which is elected by representatives of the Member Organisations at annual General Assemblies. The President as of 2015 is Andrew Copson (who is also the Chief Executive of Humanists UK as of 2010). The IHEU headquarters is in London. It shared an office with Humanists UK for many years until 2019.

Representatives of Humanists International Member Organisations ratify new memberships annually during a General Assembly. Following the 2017 General Assembly, the IHEU listed its membership as 139 Member Organisations from 53 countries from a variety of non-religious traditions.

A staff of four is headed by the current Chief Executive, Gary McLelland, and Humanists International maintains delegations to the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva, the United Nations in New York, and the Council of Europe in Strasbourg.

Humanists International is an international NGO with Special Consultative Status with the United Nations, General Consultative Status at the Council of Europe, Observer Status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and maintains operational relations with UNESCO.

Humanists International has a wing for people aged up to 35 called the Young Humanists International.

The organization's 2017 General Assembly passed a resolution "mandating the Board to oversee a transition to a revised identity for the organization". The rebrand to Humanists International, a new operating name for the IHEU, was completed in February 2019.

Board members
Humanists International is governed by an international board of directors, whose body is elected by member organisations at annual general assemblies, including a directly elected president.

As of May 2024, the Board of Humanists International comprises:

 * Andrew Copson (President) – Humanists UK
 * Roslyn Mould (Vice President) – Humanist Association of Ghana
 * Boris van der Ham (Treasurer) – Dutch Humanist Association
 * Maggie Ardiente – Secular Coalition for America
 * Debbie Goddard – American Atheists
 * Leo Igwe – Humanist Association of Nigeria
 * Alvari Jeevathol – Humanists UK
 * Aspara Karki – Society for Humanism (SOCH) Nepal
 * Kristin Mile – Norwegian Humanist Association
 * David Pineda – Humanistas Guatemala

Strategy and activities
The aim of Humanists International is to "build, support and represent the global humanist movement, defending human rights, particularly those of non-religious people, and promoting humanist values world-wide". As a campaigning NGO Humanists International aims "to influence international policy through representation and information, to build the humanist network, and let the world know about the worldview of Humanism."

The Freedom of Thought Report
In 2012 Humanists International began publishing an annual report on "discrimination against humanists, atheists and the non-religious" called The Freedom of Thought Report.

The report centres around a "Country Index" with a textual entry for every sovereign state.

Each country is measured against a list of 64 boundary conditions, which are categorised into four thematic categories ("Constitution and government", "Education and children's rights", "Family, community, society, religious courts and tribunals", and "Freedom of expression, advocacy of humanist values") at five levels of overall "severity" ("Free and equal", "Mostly satisfactory", "Systemic discrimination", "Severe discrimination" and "Grave violations"). The 64 boundary conditions include for example: "'Apostasy' or conversion from a specific religion is outlawed and punishable by death", which is placed at the worst level of severity, and under the category "Freedom of expression", and: "There is state funding of at least some religious schools", which is a middle severity condition, under the category "Education and children's rights". The data from the report is freely available under a Creative Commons license.

Findings of the Freedom of Thought Report
In 2017, the report found that 30 countries meet at least one boundary condition at the most severe level ("Grave violations"), and a further 55 countries met at least one boundary condition in the next most severe level ("Severe discrimination").

Responses to the Freedom of Thought Report
The various annual editions of the Freedom of Thought Report have been reported in the media under headlines such as: "How the right to deny the existence of God is under threat globally" (The Independent, UK); "Most countries fail to respect rights of atheists – report" (Christian Today); and "Stephen Fry's mockery of religion could land him the death penalty in these countries" (The Washington Post). The report has received coverage in the national media of countries that are severely criticised, for example "Malaysia's free thought, religious expression under 'serious assault', study shows" (the Malay Mail).

Forewords and prefaces to the various annual editions of report have been written by then-United Nations Special Rapporteurs on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Heiner Bielefeldt, in 2012; two victims of "blasphemy" accusations, Kacem El Ghazzali and Alber Saber in 2013; human rights defenders Gulalai Ismail and Agnes Ojera in 2014; humanist activist and survivor of an anti-secularist machete attack in Bangladesh, Rafida Ahmed Bonya (2015); and United Nations Special Rapporteurs on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Ahmed Shaheed, in 2016. In 2015 and 2016 the annual edition of the Freedom of Thought Report was launched at the European Parliament in Brussels hosted by the European Parliamentary Intergroup on Freedom of Religion or Belief and Religious Tolerance chaired by Dennis de Jong MEP.

In his foreword to the first edition of the Freedom of Thought Report, Heiner Bielefeldt wrote: "As a universal human right, freedom of religion or belief has a broad application. However, there seems to be little awareness that this right also provides a normative frame of reference for atheists, humanists and freethinkers and their convictions, practices and organizations. I am therefore delighted that for the first time the Humanist community has produced a global report on discrimination against atheists. I hope it will be given careful consideration by everyone concerned with freedom of religion or belief."At a panel event at the European Parliament for the launch of the 2015 edition, Bielefeldt said he "unambiguously welcomed" the report and reiterated with regard to "freedom of religion or belief" that it is "only a kind of short-hand", and "Formulations such as "religious freedom" obfuscate the scope of this human right which covers the identity-shaping, profound convictions and conviction-based practices of human beings broadly."

The report was the subject of a question in the UK Parliament in 2013, to which David Lidington MP responded for the government asserting, "Our freedom of religion or belief policy is consistent with the key message of the International Humanist and Ethical Union's (IHEU) report: that international human rights law exists to protect the rights of individuals to manifest their beliefs, not to protect the beliefs themselves. The report records a sharp increase in the number of prosecutions for alleged criticism of religion by atheists on social media. Protecting freedom of expression online is a priority for the British Government and we have consistently argued against attempts to create a new international standard in order to protect religions from criticism."

Focus of advocacy and campaigns
Recurring themes of Humanists International's advocacy and campaigns work include LGBTI rights and women's rights, sexual and reproductive health and rights, laws against blasphemy and apostasy, caste-based discrimination, slavery, and advocacy of secularism.

Persecuted non-religious individuals
Individuals persecuted for expressing their non-religious views (actual or perceived) have frequently been the subject of IHEU campaigns. Some prominent cases include: The IHEU delegation at the United Nations Human Rights Council has repeatedly raised the imprisonment and corporal punishment of Raif Badawi for "insulting religion", and Waleed Abulkhair for "disrespecting the authorities", both in Saudi Arabia.
 * In the 1990s, IHEU was instrumental in highlighting the threats against Taslima Nasrin who lives in exile from Bangladesh, and who also acted as a representative of the IHEU at UNESCO.
 * The IHEU and Amnesty International led the campaign in 2004 to try to obtain the release of Younus Shaikh who was accused of "blasphemy" in Pakistan.
 * In 2013, the IHEU urged the authorities in Egypt to ensure the safety of Alber Saber after he was accused of "offending religion" for allegedly linking to the YouTube video Innocence of Muslims.
 * In 2014, the IHEU blew the whistle on the case of Mubarak Bala from Nigeria, who was detained in a psychiatric hospital after he talked openly about being an atheist. He was freed following international media coverage.
 * In 2017, after a government minister in Malaysia said members of an atheist meetup group would be "hunted down", the IHEU called for respect of the atheists' human rights, and the organization's condemnation of the minister's remarks was reported in Malaysian media.

Humanists International similarly highlights cases where individuals are accused of "apostasy", such as the blogger Mohamed Cheikh Ould Mkhaitir currently on death row in Mauritania, and the poet Ashraf Fayadh currently imprisoned in Saudi Arabia. In June 2016 at the 32nd session of the Human Rights Council the IHEU's delegate took the unusual step of reading one of Ashraf Fayadh's poems during General Debate.

Bangladesh machete murders
Humanists International complained that fundamentalists linked to the government were "terrorising" secular activists, including individuals in connection with its Member Organisations, as far back as 2006. However, a series of machete attacks primarily targeting secular and atheist bloggers and freethinkers in Bangladesh has been especially severe since 2013, and the IHEU has campaigned persistently in response and highlighted the murders at the UN Human Rights Council.

Humanists International responded in 2013 to the murder of blogger and activist Ahmed Rajib Haider and the machete attack on his friend Asif Mohiuddin, and highlighted the subsequent arrest and imprisonment of Mohiuddin and others for "hurting religious sentiments".

When author and prominent leader of the Bengali freethought movement Avijit Roy was murdered, 26 February 2015, Humanists International revealed that he had been advising them on the situation in Bangladesh; Humanists International Director of Communications commented, "This loss is keenly felt by freethinkers and humanists in South Asia and around the world. He was a colleague in humanism and a friend to all who respect human rights, freedom, and the light of reason."

Following the murder of Washiqur Rahman Babu (or Oyasiqur Rhaman), 30 March 2015, Humanists International republished some of his final writings.

Following the murder of Ananta Bijoy Das, 12 May 2016, Humanists International leaked parts of the letter Bijoy Das had recently received from Sweden rejecting his visa application, despite his having been invited to the country by Swedish PEN. The organisation highlighted "the failures of the Bangladeshi authorities to bring to justice the individuals and to break the networks behind this string of targeted killings", and also criticised Sweden's rejection of his visa application, commenting, "We call on all countries to recognise the legitimacy and sometimes the urgency and moral necessity of asylum claims made by humanists, atheists and secularists who are being persecuted for daring to express those views."

Following the murder of Niladri Chattopadhyay Niloy (or Niloy Chatterjee, also known by his pen name Niloy Neel), 7 August 2015, Humanists International again attacked the government and authorities, saying, "Apparent failure to pursue the most obvious lines of inquiry even when initial arrests are made, and media manipulation resulting in conflicting stories, further makes reportage difficult and police operations opaque."

A coordinated attack against two separate publishing houses in Dhaka, 31 October 2016, killed the publisher Faisal Arefin Dipon and seriously injured the publisher Ahmedur Rashid Chowdhury. The IHEU later published an interview with Chowdhury about the attack and his escape to Norway.

In August 2015 Humanists International coordinated a joint open letter in English and Bangla by a coalition of "Bloggers, free speech campaigners, humanist associations, religious and ex-Muslim groups" calling on the president and prime minister of Bangladesh to "ensure the safety and security of those individuals whose lives are threatened by Islamist extremists... instruct the police to find the killers, not to harass or blame the victims... disassociate yourself publicly from those who call for death penalties against non-religious Bangladeshis..." and repeal the laws under which secular bloggers faced arrest and imprisonment.

Following the murder of a student and secular activist Nazimuddin Samad, 6 April 2016, and then the murder of university lecturer Professor Rezaul Karim Siddique, 23 April 2016, Humanists International president Andrew Copson said "Unless the government [of Bangladesh] immediately begins to defend the right to speak and write freely, without adding the unprincipled and anti-secular qualifications that it keeps applying to freedom of expression, then very soon the only voices that will be heard will be those of murderous extremists."

Humanists International, along with its Member Organisation the Dutch Humanist Association, and Hague Peace Projects, organised a "solidarity book fair" in The Hague, 26 February 2016, to coincide with the annual Ekushey Book Fair in Dhaka.

The range of targets for these attacks began to broaden in the later part of 2015 and throughout 2016 to more often include minority religious individuals and foreigners, culminating in the July 2016 Dhaka attack in Gulshan Thana.

End Blasphemy Laws campaign
In January 2015, in part as a response to the Charlie Hebdo shooting, Humanists International alongside other transnational secular groups the European Humanist Federation and Atheist Alliance International and a two-hundred strong organisational coalition, founded the End Blasphemy Laws Campaign. End Blasphemy Laws is "campaigning to repeal "blasphemy" and related laws worldwide."

Other campaigns
The "First World Conference on Untouchability" was organised by Humanists International in London, June 2009. Anticipating the event, the BBC News quoted then-Executive Director Babu Gogineni as saying that legal reforms alone would not end caste discrimination: "There are Dalit politicians in India, but nothing has changed. The answer is to educate Dalits and empower them." The event was preceded by questions in the UK Parliament and guests included Lord Desai and Lord Avebury from the UK House of Lords; Binod Pahadi, Member of the Constituent Assembly, Nepal; and Tina Ramirez, US Congressional Fellow on International Religious Freedom. The Second World Conference on Untouchability was held in Kathmandu, in April 2014.

In 2013, Humanists International criticized the US-based Appeal of Conscience Foundation for awarding their "World Statesman Award" to then-president of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono; it argued that the award "is a slap in the face to prisoners of conscience across the world. While Alexander Aan suffers in an Indonesian jail for posting his beliefs to Facebook, his jailer will be honored in New York as a champion of freedom of belief."

A year later, Humanists International as part of a "coalition of secular groups" led a campaign around the hashtag "#TwitterTheocracy" to protest the social media website Twitter's implementation of tools blocking "blasphemous" tweets in Pakistan.

Awards
The IHEU makes a number of regular and occasional special awards.

International Humanist Award
The International Humanist Award recognises outstanding achievements and contributions to the progress and defence of Humanism.

 * 1970: Barry Commoner (United States of America), environmentalist professor
 * 1974: Harold John Blackham (UK), founding member IHEU, IHEU secretary (1952–1966)
 * 1978: Vithal Mahadeo Tarkunde (India), former judge of the Bombay High Court
 * 1982: Kurt Partzsch (Germany), former Minister for Social Affairs in Lower Saxony (Germany)
 * 1986: Arnold Clausse (Belgium), professor emeritus of education
 * 1986: The Atheist Centre (India), for pioneering social reform activities
 * 1988: Andrei Sakharov (USSR), nuclear physicist, developer of the hydrogen bomb for the Soviet military, and winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace
 * 1990: Alexander Dubček (Czechoslovakia), leader of Czechoslovakia during the "Prague Spring" of 1968
 * 1992: Pieter Admiraal (Netherlands), a Dutch anaesthetist, and euthanasia advocate
 * 1999: Professor Paul Kurtz (USA), writer and founder of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
 * 2002: Amartya Sen (India), economist, social theorist, Master of Trinity College (Cambridge), and winner of the 1998 The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
 * 2005: Jean-Claude Pecker (France), astronomer
 * 2008: Philip Pullman (UK), best-selling author of children's literature, including His Dark Materials trilogy
 * 2011: Sophie in 't Veld, (Netherlands) MEP and vice-chair of the European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, and PZ Myers (USA), biology professor at University of Minnesota Morris, and author of the Pharyngula blog
 * 2014: Gulalai Ismail (Pakistan), the founder and chair of Aware Girls, a charity which promotes the developmental and human rights of young women in Pakistan and Wole Soyinka (Nigeria), Nobel Prize-winning author

Distinguished Service to Humanism Award
The Distinguished Service to Humanism Award recognises the contributions of Humanist activists to International Humanism and to organised Humanism.

 * 1988: Corliss Lamont (United States of America); Indumati Parikh (India); Mathilde Krim (United States)
 * 1990: Jean Jacques Amy (Belgium)
 * 1992: Indumati Parikh (India); Vern Bullough (USA); Nettie Klein, also volunteer IHEU secretary general (1982–1996)
 * 1996: Jim Herrick (UK); James Dilloway
 * 1999: Abe Solomon; Paul Postma
 * 2002: Phil Ward
 * 2005: Barbara Smoker (UK); Marius Dées de Stério
 * 2007: Keith Porteous Wood (UK)
 * 2008: Roy W Brown (UK)
 * 2011: V B Rawat (India); Narendra Nayak (India); David Pollock (UK)
 * 2012: Margaretha Jones (United States of America)
 * 2013: Josh Kutchinsky (UK)
 * 2014: Robbi Robson (UK)
 * 2015: Hope Knutsson (Iceland)
 * 2016: Sonja Eggerickx (Belgium)
 * 2017: Leo Igwe (Nigeria)
 * 2020: Becky Hale (USA); Bert Gasenbeek (Netherlands); Dr. Sudesh Ghoderao (India)

Other Awards

 * 1978: Special Award for Service to World Humanism: Harold John Blackham; Jaap van Praag; Sidney Scheuer (also IHEU treasurer, 1952–1987)
 * 1988: Humanist Laureate Award: Betty Friedan; Herbert Hauptman; Steve Allen
 * 1988: Humanist of the Year Award: Henry Morgentaler
 * 1992: Distinguished Human Rights Award: Elena Bonner
 * 1996: Humanist Awards: Shulamit Aloni; Taslima Nasrin; Xiao Xuehui
 * 2008: Lifetime Achievement Award: Levi Fragell (Norway)
 * 2017: Distinguished Services to Anti-Superstition Award: Narendra Dhabolkar (India)

title: Humanists International


text:
Talk:HMS Glatton (1795)

64-pounder carronades?
This article originally claimed that Glatton's armament consisted of:
 * thirty two 64 pounder and thirty two 42 pounder carronades

This seems doubtful to me: 64-pounders were very big. J. J. Colledge gives her armament as 28 × 32lb plus 28 × 18lb, which seems much more plausible. Steel's Naval Chronologist for 1801 gives Glatton as mounting 54 guns at the Battle of Copenhagen. So I went with the smaller numbers. Gdr 19:23, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)

Reply to "64-pounder carronades?"
I originally specified the armament as 32x64s and 32x32s since that is what I'd read. I've just done a bit more looking into it, and according to William James' "Naval History of Great Britain" (1837) it states that Captain Trollope upgraded the Glattons lower deck armament to 64 pdr carronades since they were his favourite weapon. Later on it mentions the 32 pdrs on the upper deck too. I'll take James's testimony in preference to that of Colledge, since it was written just a few years after the Glattons encounter with the French frigate squadron, where he specifically mentions that "notwithstanding the long and incessant fire kept up by them, none of the 68, and two only of the 32 pounders, were dismounted."

However, after further reading I'm confident you are right about it being a 56 rather than a 64, making it a 4th rate :) WJT

Contradiction
This article claims: She was commanded by Henry Trollope when she fought in the Battle of Camperdown, in 1797. However the article about the Battle of Camperdown claims that Glatton did not participate and that Henry Trollope commanded "Russell 74"

I am no historician so I don't know what version is correct but something is wrong here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.245.92.148 (talk) 18:13, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:HMS Glatton (1795)


text:
Children's Medical Center Dallas

Children's Medical Center Dallas is a nationally ranked pediatric acute care teaching hospital located in Dallas, Texas, USA. The hospital has 496 pediatric beds and is affiliated with the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School. It provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens and young adults aged 0–21 throughout Texas and surrounding regions. It sometimes treats adults who require pediatric care as well. It has an ACS designated level 1 pediatric trauma center, one of five in Texas. The hospital also has affiliations with the adjacent Parkland Memorial Hospital.

Children's Medical Center Dallas is the main hospital campus of Children's Health, the only academic healthcare system in Dallas-Fort Worth dedicated solely to the comprehensive care of children from birth to age 21. Children's Health started with just the Dallas location, but has grown to include Children's Medical Center Plano as well as several other pediatric specialty, primary care and urgent care centers located throughout North Texas. It is one of the largest pediatric hospitals in the US.

History
Children's Medical Center Dallas traces its origins to summer 1913, when a group of nurses organized an open-air clinic on the lawn of the old Parkland Hospital in Dallas. The original clinic was known as the Dallas Baby Camp and treated infants up to age 3.

The nurses recognized that children received better care when it was focused only on them. In 1930, the Dallas Baby Camp grew into the Bradford Hospital for Babies, which merged with Children's Hospital of Texas and Richmond Freeman Memorial Clinic in 1948 to form what is now known as Children's Medical Center of Dallas.

It affiliated with UT Southwestern Medical Center in 1964.

In 1967, administrative structures strengthened and the new campus was opened at its current location.

In 2014, it expanded into Children's Health, a system dedicated to providing all types of care for children, as well as public education about health and wellness, across its several hospitals, specialty centers and pediatric clinics throughout North Texas.

Location and features
Located at 1935 Medical District Drive in the heart of Dallas, the hospital is licensed for 490 beds and recorded more than 460,000 patient encounters in 2018. It has 16 large, technologically advanced operating rooms, a 47-bed level 4 neonatal intensive care unit and offers expertise in more than 50 pediatric specialties and the highest level of trauma care in North Texas as a pediatric level I trauma center.

Rankings and recognition

 * Named in U.S. News & World Report's list of the top pediatric hospitals in the US in the 2018-2019 "Best Children's Hospitals" survey, in all ten specialties.

title: Children's Medical Center Dallas


text:
Madonna Della Strada Chapel

Madonna della Strada is a chapel on the campus of Loyola University Chicago in the neighborhood of Rogers Park, Chicago: it is named after a painting of the Virgin Mary, known as Madonna Della Strada, enshrined at the Church of the Gesù in Rome, the mother church of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits).

History
The Chapel was the dream of Father James Mertz, S.J., who raised the money for its construction. The Madonna Della Strada Chapel is the main chapel on the Lake Shore Campus of Loyola University Chicago. The chapel was built on the lakefront with the waters of Lake Michigan directly at its front doorstep. The church was designed and built at a time when it was anticipated that Lake Shore Drive would be extended and pass directly in front, but that project was abandoned. The chapel was designed by architect Andrew Rebori in the Art Deco Style and opened its doors to the Loyola University Chicago Community in 1938. Because of scant record keeping, it is not certain which of the several artists and designers were responsible for each of the artworks and decorations at the Chapel, but Chicago's Edgar Miller did figure prominently in the process and execution of many of the works.

Several chapel churches in Latin America were named after the chapel church in Chicago, as a tribute to Loyola University Chicago Jesuit and student missionaries.

Stained glass windows
The seven stained glass windows on the north side of the nave represents the seven colleges that existed when the Chapel was built.
 * St. Thomas Aquinas - Arts & sciences
 * St. Luke - Medicine
 * St. Anne and Mary - Nursing
 * St. Thomas More - Law
 * St. Matthew - Business administration
 * St. Vincent de Paul - Social Work
 * St. Apollonia of Alexandria - Dentistry

The seven stained glass windows on the south side of the nave illustrate the principal ministries of the Jesuits.
 * St. Peter Canisius - Education
 * St. Francis Regis - Spiritual Life
 * St. Francis Xavier - Foreign Missions
 * St. Ignatius - The Spiritual Exercises
 * St. Joseph - Ministry to the Dying
 * The Blessed Virgin - Sodality of Our Lady
 * The Sacred Heart

Renovations
Renovation of Madonna della Strada began in July 2006 and concluded in August 2007. A cooling system and mechanical ventilation system were installed.

Katheryn "Kay" Stamm Memorial Organ
A new pipe organ by Goulding and Wood was built and installed in 2008. The Katheryn "Kay" Stamm Memorial Organ has 70 ranks distributed over three manuals and pedal and played via a terraced console located in the rear gallery.

The chapel hosts an annual "Midnight Organ Blast" at midnight on Halloween, featuring eerie melodies.

The Loyola University Department of Sacramental Life hosts a series of free organ concerts on the third Sunday of each month.

title: Madonna Della Strada Chapel


text:
Ester (disambiguation)

An ester is a functional group in organic chemistry; specifically a chemical compound derived from an acid in which at least one hydroxyl group is replaced by alkoxy group.

Ester may also refer to:

Food additives and chemistry

 * Ester C, ascorbyl palmitate, used as an antioxidant food additive
 * Ester gum, or Ester of wood rosin, a food additive used as an emulsifier and stabiliser
 * Ester pyrolysis, a vacuum pyrolysis reaction

Geography

 * Ester, Alaska, a town
 * Ester Camp Historic District, Alaska
 * Ester Mountains in Germany
 * Ester (Castro Daire), parish in Castro Daire, Portugal

People

 * Ester, the Catalan, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish version of the female given name Esther
 * Ester F. Bentley (1915–2004), American social worker, community organizer
 * Laura Ester (1990), Spanish female water polo goalkeeper
 * Pauline Ester, French singer born Sabrina Ocon in 1963
 * Peter Ester (1953–2022), Dutch sociologist and politician
 * Sofia Ester (born 1978), Portuguese author
 * Ester (footballer) (born 1982), Brazilian footballer

Classical

 * Ester (Stradella), an Italian oratorio by Alessandro Stradella
 * Ester, an Italian oratorio by Carlo Arrigoni Vienna 1737–38
 * Ester, an Italian oratorio by Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf
 * Ester, a Hebrew-language oratorio by C. G. Lidarti

Popular

 * Ester, an album by Trailer Trash Tracys 2012

Other uses

 * Typhoon Ester (disambiguation)

title: Ester (disambiguation)


text:
Trimetazidine

Trimetazidine (IUPAC: 1-(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine) is a drug sold under many brand names for angina pectoris (chest pain associated with impaired blood flow to the heart). Trimetazidine is described as the first cytoprotective anti-ischemic agent developed and marketed by Laboratoires Servier (France). It is an anti-ischemic (antianginal) metabolic agent of the fatty acid oxidation inhibitor class, meaning that it improves the heart muscle's ability to use glucose as a fuel by inhibiting its use of fatty acid metabolism. It has become controversial for its use as a performance-enhancing drug, with several scandals involving its use erupting at successive Olympic games.

Medical uses
Trimetazidine is usually prescribed as a long-term treatment of angina pectoris, and in some countries (including France) for tinnitus and dizziness. It is taken twice a day. In 2012, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) finished a review of benefits and risks of trimetazidine and recommended restricting use of trimetazidine-containing medicines to just as an additional treatment of angina pectoris in cases of inadequate control by or intolerance to first-line antianginal therapies.

Controlled studies in angina patients have shown that trimetazidine increases coronary flow reserve (thereby delaying the onset of ischemia associated with exercise), limits rapid swings in blood pressure without any significant variations in heart rate, significantly decreases the frequency of angina attacks, and leads to a significant decrease in the use of nitrates.

However, a 2020 placebo-controlled, randomized trial in over 6000 patients who had recently had a percutaneous coronary intervention or heart surgery found that adding timetazidine to typical anti-anginal therapies alone led to no significant difference in cardiac death, hospital admission for a cardiac event, recurrence or persistence of angina, or the need for repeat coronary angiography. This study therefore calls into question the clinical utility of trimetazidine in the treatment of angina.

It improves left ventricular function in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. Recently, it has been shown to be effective in patients with heart failure of different etiologies.

As of 2023, it is in clinical trials to determine if it is effective in treating bipolar depression.

Use as a performance-enhancing drug
Although trimetazidine was already developed for medical use in the 1970s, it only became listed in the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited substances list under the category of "hormone and metabolic modulators" in 2014, and its use is prohibited at all times "in- and out-of-competition."

In 2014, Chinese Olympic champion swimmer Sun Yang tested positive for trimetazidine, which had been newly banned four months earlier and classified as a prohibited stimulant by WADA; Sun Yang and his doctor claim that they were not made aware of the changes to the use of the drug of which he was prescribed, and was consequently banned by the Chinese Swimming Association for three months.

In January 2015, WADA reclassified and downgraded trimetazidine from a "stimulant" to a "modulator of cardiac metabolism."

In 2018, U.S. swimmer Madisyn Cox was banned from competition for six months after a urine sample tested positive for trimetazidine. FINA initially reduced her suspension from four years to two years because of Cox's testimony that she did not knowingly ingest the drug. Upon analysis of both opened and sealed bottles of Cooper Complete Elite Athletic multivitamins, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) determined that the multivitamins were the source, and reduced Cox's suspension to six months. The suspension expired on September 3, 2018.

23 Chinese swimmers tested positive for the drug in 2021 before the Tokyo Summer Olympics, a fact which was only made public in 2024.

In February 2022, the medal ceremony for the figure skating team event at the Olympics originally scheduled for Tuesday, 8 February, was delayed over what International Olympic Committee (IOC) spokesperson Mark Adams described as a situation that required "legal consultation" with the International Skating Union (ISU). Several media outlets reported on Wednesday that the issue was over a December 2021 test for trimetazidine by the Russian Olympic Committee's Kamila Valieva, whose result was released on February 11. The results are pending investigation. Valieva was cleared by the Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA) on February 9, a day after positive results of a test held in December 2021 were released. The IOC, WADA, and ISU appealed RUSADA's decision. On February 14, the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that Valieva would be allowed to compete in the women's single event, deciding that preventing her from competing "would cause her irreparable harm in the circumstances", though her gold medal in the team event was still under consideration. The favorable decision from the court was made in part due to her age, as minor athletes are subject to different rules than adult athletes.

The IOC announced that the medal ceremony would not take place until the investigation was over and there was a concrete decision whether to strip Russia of their medals.

Popular Science published an overview of scientific research about the potential for the use of trimetazidine as a performance enhancing drug for athletes. The author of the article concluded in its headline that "there's no hard proof that it would improve a figure skater's performance". Scott Powers, a physiologist at the University of Florida who studies the effects of exercise on the heart explained how trimetazidine was included in WADA list. "I've been involved in roundtables with the International Olympic Committee, and I think their policy is: When in doubt, ban the drug," says Scott Powers. "I guess they're just trying to err on the possibility that this drug may be an ergogenic aid." Doping expert Klaas Faber referred to "grossly inconsistent anti-doping rules" in Sun Yang's case. Faber has pointed out for years the necessity to establish thresholds for trimetazidine detected so as to avoid any inadvertent positive doping cases. Faber has detailed some of these observations published in the journal Science & Justice.

On the efficacy of the drug on figure skating and Valieva in particular, heart expert Benjamin J. Levine, a professor of exercise science at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, said "The chance that trimetazidine would improve her performance, in my opinion, is zero. The heart has plenty of blood. And the heart is so good at using different fuels."

Aaron Baggish, director of the Cardiovascular Performance Program at Massachusetts General Hospital said "In theory, trimetazidine could aid endurance athletes who have to generate high cardiac output, such as cyclists, rowers and long-distance runners, but would be unlikely to have a direct impact on a figure skater's performance, where there is less demand on the heart."

Besides trimetazidine, Valieva also admitted taking hypoxen and L -carnitine supplements in her forms, neither of which are banned substances; nevertheless, the combination of these two substances with trimetazidine raised suspicions over a potential deliberate attempt to enhance performance. Some experts believe that the combination of the three substances can reduce fatigue and increased endurance during intense exercises.

Lawrence Cherono, winner of several major marathons, tested positive for trimetazidine and was suspended just one day before slated to run the marathon at the 2022 World Athletics Championships.

Adverse effects
Trimetazidine has been treated as a drug with a high safety and tolerability profile.

Information is scarce about trimetazidine's effect on mortality, cardiovascular events, or quality of life. Long-term, randomized, controlled trials comparing trimetazidine against standard antianginal agents, using clinically important outcomes would be justifiable. Recently, an international multicentre retrospective cohort study has indeed shown that in patients with heart failure of different etiologies, the addition of trimetazidine on conventional optimal therapy can improve mortality and morbidity.

The EMA recommends that doctors should no longer prescribe trimetazidine for the treatment of patients with tinnitus, vertigo, or disturbances in vision. The recent EMA evaluation also revealed rare cases (3.6/1 000 000 patient years) of parkinsonian (or extrapyramidal) symptoms (such as tremor, rigidity, akinesia, hypertonia), gait instability, restless leg syndrome, and other related movement disorders; most patients recovered within 4 months after treatment discontinuation, so doctors are advised not to prescribe the medicine either to patients with Parkinson disease, parkinsonian symptoms, tremors, restless leg syndrome, or other related movement disorders, or to patients with severe renal impairment.

Mechanism of action
The mechanism of action of trimetazidine involves its effect on cellular energy metabolism, specifically the metabolism of fatty acids and glucose.

One of the primary ways that cells generate energy is through the process of oxidation, where molecules such as fatty acids or glucose are broken down to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main energy currency of cells. In a healthy cell, both fatty acids and glucose can be oxidized to produce ATP.

However, in certain situations such as ischemia (reduced blood flow) or hypoxia (reduced oxygen supply), the cell's ability to generate energy becomes compromised. In these conditions, the cell may experience a shortage of oxygen, which is necessary for the complete oxidation of fatty acids. This can lead to a decrease in ATP production, affecting the cell's ability to maintain its normal functions.

Trimetazidine works by inhibiting a specific enzyme called long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, which is involved in the beta-oxidation process of fatty acids. By blocking this enzyme, trimetazidine reduces the oxidation of fatty acids and promotes the oxidation of glucose instead. Glucose oxidation requires less oxygen consumption compared to the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Therefore, by enhancing glucose oxidation and reducing the reliance on fatty acid metabolism, trimetazidine helps to optimize cellular energy production in conditions where oxygen supply is limited.

By preserving energy metabolism and promoting glucose oxidation, trimetazidine prevents a decrease in intracellular ATP levels. This is important because ATP is essential for various cellular processes, including the functioning of ionic pumps and the maintenance of transmembrane sodium-potassium flow. By ensuring adequate ATP levels, trimetazidine helps to maintain cellular homeostasis, or the balance of different ions and molecules within the cell.

title: Trimetazidine