text:
Meanings of minor planet names: 20001–21000

20001–20100

 * 20001 Marinakoren || || Marina Koren (born 1990), American science and astronomy writer for The Atlantic || ·
 * -id=002
 * 20002 Tillysmith || 1991 EM || Tilly Smith, British girl who, by recognising the signs of a tsunami, saved many lives on the island of Phuket, December 26, 2004 || ·
 * -id=003
 * 20003 Andorfer || || Gregory P. Andorfer (1951-2020), former executive director of the Maryland Science Center. || ·
 * -id=004
 * 20004 Audrey-Lucienne || || Audrey-Lucienne Van Landeghem, last visitor at the "Space is For You" Exhibition at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in 2001 || ·
 * -id=005
 * 20005 Zagarella || || Roberto Zagarella (born 1953), Italian astronomer and founding observer of the PRISMA meteor network || ·
 * -id=006
 * 20006 Albertus Magnus || || Albertus Magnus, German theologian, philosopher and naturalist. || ·
 * -id=007
 * 20007 Marybrown || 1991 LR || Mary J. Brown, American amateur astronomer who assisted in organizing the photographic glass plate archive of the 1.2-m Schmidt Oschin Telescope at Palomar Observatory || ·
 * -id=008
 * 20008 Adacarrera || || Ada Amelia Carrera Rodriguez (1936-2020), Mexican motorcyclist, astronomer, and advocate for astronomy education || ·
 * -id=009
 * 20009 Joerao || || Joseph Rao, chief meteorologist and science editor at News 12 Westchester, guest lecturer at the Hayden Planetarium || ·
 * -id=010
 * 20010 Tomfrench || || Thomas W. French (b. 1950), a biologist and former assistant director of MassWildlife’s Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, led the successful reintroduction of peregrine falcons and bald eagles in Massachusetts after their native populations were wiped out due to extensive use of the insecticide DDT from the 1940s to 1972. || ·
 * -id=011
 * 20011 Baryshnikov || || Mikhail Baryshnikov (b. 1948), a Russian-born American ballet dancer, choreographer, and actor.  || ·
 * -id=012
 * 20012 Ranke || || Leopold von Ranke, a professor of history in Berlin from 1825 to 1871. || ·
 * -id=013
 * 20013 Nureyev || || Rudolf Nureyev (1938–1993), a Russian-born ballet dancer, director, and choreographer. || ·
 * -id=014
 * 20014 Annalisa || || Annalisa Scarrone (b. 1985), an Italian singer and songwriter. || ·
 * -id=015
 * 20015 Liguori || 1991 SR || Domenico Liguori (b. 1970), an Italian physicist and teacher. || ·
 * -id=016
 * 20016 Rietschel || || Ernst Friedrich August Rietschel, German sculptor. || ·
 * -id=017
 * 20017 Alixcatherine || || Alix Catherine de Saint-Aignan (born 2002) is the eldest daughter of the discoverer || ·
 * -id=018
 * 20018 Paulgray || || Paul Gray (born 1972), Canadian amateur astronomer who has served as President of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada's centers in Halifax and New Brunswich || ·
 * -id=019
 * 20019 Yukiotanaka || 1991 VN || Yukio Tanaka, Japanese baseball infielder for the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters || ·
 * -id=020
 * 20020 Mipach || || Mike Powell (born 1959), Paul Owen (born 1960), and Chris Curwin (born 1959); hosts of The Sunday Night Astronomy Show, a live web show about astronomy || ·
 * -id=021
 * 20021 Kevinkell || || Kevin Kell (born 1963), Canadian amateur astronomer, served with the RASC's Kingston Center as President, Secretary, Treasurer, Equipment Loan Coordinator, and editor of the club's newsletter || ·
 * -id=022
 * 20022 Dontown || || Donald Town (born 1953), Canadian engineer, photographer, and amateur astronomer; President of the RASC's Belleville Center || ·
 * -id=023
 * 20023 Jackmegas || || Jack Megas (born 1946), planetarium educator at the Springfield Science Museum in Springfield, Massachusetts || ·
 * -id=024
 * 20024 Mayrémartínez || || Mayré Adriana Martínez Blanco, Venezuelan professional singer, winner of the 2006 "Latin American Idol" contest || ·
 * -id=025
 * 20025 Petronaviera || || Petrona Viera (1895-1960), deaf Uruguayan painter and the first female professional painter in her country || ·
 * -id=026
 * 20026 Bettyrobinson || || Betty Robinson (b. 1953) has been an RASC member since 1981. In Toronto Centre, she was Secretary from 1984–1987 and worked on their newsletter for four years. In Mississauga Centre, she edited the newsletter and served as Councillor. She served as Director of the RASC and was copy editor of the Observer's Handbook. || ·
 * -id=027
 * 20027 Michaelwatson || || Michael S. F. Watson (b. 1952) is a lawyer and a member of the RASC since 1970. He is interested in eclipses and photography. || ·
 * -id=028
 * 20028 Stansammy || || Stan Sammy (b. 1946), a Trinidad-born Canadian amateur astronomer. || ·
 * -id=029
 * 20029 Dorner || || Rudolph Dorner (1948–2022), a German-Canadian amateur astronomer, an electrician, machinist, investor and telescope collector. || ·
 * -id=030
 * 20030 Bawtenheimer || || Daniel C. Bawtenheimer (1900–1981), a Canadian amateur astronomer. || ·
 * -id=031
 * 20031 Lakehead || 1992 OO || In the early 20th century, this name described Fort William and Port Arthur in northwestern Ontario, because the twin cities were located at the head of Lake Superior. Significant because grain from the Canadian prairies was brought by rail to ships there, the cities merged in 1970 under the name Thunder Bay. It is still often referred to as the Lakehead. || ·
 * -id=032
 * 20032 McNish || || Larry McNish (b. 1950), a computer science engineer and Canadian amateur astronomer. || ·
 * -id=033
 * 20033 Michaelnoble || || Michael P. Noble (1954–2022), a Canadian amateur astronomer. || ·
 * -id=034
 * 20034 Greenhalgh || || Paul Greenhalgh (1957–2017), a Canadian amateur astronomer. || ·
 * -id=035
 * 20035 Lauriroche || || Lauri Roche (b. 1949), a retired math teacher who joined RASC Victoria Centre in 1995. || ·
 * -id=036
 * 20036 Marcboucher || || Marc Boucher (b. 1964), a Canadian entrepreneur, writer, editor and publisher. || ·
 * -id=037
 * 20037 Duke || || Michael B. Duke, American selenologist areologist and meteoriticist, at one point curator of the lunar samples returned from the Moon, later chief of the Lunar and Planetary Sciences Division of the Johnson Spacecraft Center || ·
 * -id=038
 * 20038 Arasaki || || Yoshikuni Arasaki (born 1953) has been chief of the Okinawa Prefecture Ishigaki Youth House since 2017. He is a well-known amateur astronomer and popularizer of astronomy in Ishigaki Island. He enjoys observing and photographing comets, nebulae and star clusters through his telescope. || ·
 * -id=039
 * 20039 Danfalk || || Daniel (Dan) Falk (b. 1966), a Canadian author and former co-host of the BookLab podcast.  || ·
 * -id=040
 * 20040 Tatsuyamatsuyama || || Tatsuya Matsuyama (born 1983) was born in Kochi city, Japan. He teaches at University of Kochi Primary School and works as an instructor at Geisei Observatory. He is dedicated to improving mathematical skills and increasing astronomical knowledge of primary school students. || ·
 * -id=041
 * 20041 Gainor || || Christopher Gainor (b. 1954), a Canadian journalist, historian. and amateur astronomer || ·
 * -id=042
 * 20042 Mortillaro || || Nicole Mortillaro (b. 1972), a Canadian science journalist and amateur astronomer. || ·
 * -id=043
 * 20043 Ellenmacarthur || 1993 EM || Dame Ellen Patricia MacArthur, British solo long-distance yachtswoman || ·
 * -id=044
 * 20044 Vitoux || || Frédéric Vitoux (born 1944), a French writer and journalist known for his novel Bébert, Le chat de Louis-Ferdinand Céline (1976) || ·
 * -id=045
 * 20045 Semeniuk || || Ivan Alexander Semeniuk (b. 1964), a Canadian science writer. || ·
 * -id=046
 * 20046 Seronik || || Gary Seronik (b. 1961) is a Canadian astronomer, photographer and writer. || ·
 * -id=047
 * 20047 Davidsuzuki || || David Takayoshi Suzuki (b. 1936), a Canadian geneticist and science communicator. || ·
 * -id=048
 * 20048 Alfianello || || Alfianello, an Italian municipality in the province of Brescia (Lombardy). || ·
 * -id=049
 * 20049 Antoniopresti || || Antonio Presti (b. 1957), a Sicilian patron and founder of Fiumara d'Arte, an open-air museum in Sicily. || ·
 * -id=060
 * 20060 Johannforster || || Johann Reinhold Forster, 18th-century German naturalist, who (with his son Georg) accompanied James Cook on his second Pacific Voyage || ·
 * -id=061
 * 20061 Bilitza || || Dieter Bilitza (b. 1950), a German-born American physicist and a principal author of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), a widely-used standard for Earth’s ionospheric plasma. || ·
 * -id=062
 * 20062 Matthewgriffin || || Matthew Griffin (b. 1954), an Irish astrophysicist. || ·
 * -id=063
 * 20063 Kanakoseki || || Kanako Seki (b. 1973), a Japanese astrophysicist. || ·
 * -id=064
 * 20064 Prahladagrawal || || Prahlad Agrawal (b. 1941), an Indian high-energy astrophysicist. || ·
 * -id=065
 * 20065 Kminek || || Gerhard Kminek (b. 1968), an Austrian astronomer. || ·
 * -id=066
 * 20066 Sagov || || Stanley E. Sagov (b. 1944) is a highly respected family-practice physician who also taught at Harvard Medical School; he obtained his MD at the University of Cape Town before moving to the US. Sagov also is well known as an accomplished jazz musician. Name proposed by D. W. E. Green, whose family was attended by Dr. Sagov for nearly forty years. || ·
 * -id=070
 * 20070 Koichiyuko || 1993 XL || Koichi Takahashi, director of the Hiroshima Chapter of the Young Astronauts Club of Japan since 1998, and his wife Yuko (a medical doctor and a pharmacist, respectively) || ·
 * -id=073
 * 20073 Yumiko || || Yumiko Fujii (born 1968) is the wife of the second discoverer || ·
 * -id=074
 * 20074 Laskerschueler || || Else Lasker-Schüler (1869–1945), a German-Jewish poet and playwright of the Expressionist movement || ·
 * -id=080
 * 20080 Maeharatorakichi || || Torakichi Maehara (1872–1950) was an amateur astronomer and one of the charter members of the Astronomical Society of Japan, which was founded in 1908. He established his own observatory and made many visual and photographic observations, including Halley's comet in 1910. || ·
 * -id=081
 * 20081 Occhialini || || Giuseppe Occhialini, Italian physicist. || ·
 * -id=084
 * 20084 Buckmaster || || Bill Buckmaster, American anchor of the news magazine program Arizona Illustrated || ·
 * -id=096
 * 20096 Shiraishiakihiko || 1994 TZ || Akihiko Shiraishi (born 1952) is a writer-editor at Asahi Press. He writes frequently about astronomy and space development. || ·
 * -id=098
 * 20098 Shibatagenji || || Genji Shibata (born 1940) is a medical doctor, who contributed to public welfare by establishing a hospital and a home for elderly people in Yamaguchi, Japan. || ·
 * }
 * }

20101–20200

 * -id=102
 * 20102 Takasago || || Takasago, a Japanese port city at the mouth of the Kakogawa River, Hyogo prefecture || ·
 * -id=103
 * 20103 de Vico || 1995 JK || Francesco de Vico (1805–1848), Jesuit priest and astronomer, discoverer of seven comets, and director of the Collegio Romano Observatory || ·
 * -id=106
 * 20106 Morton || 1995 QG || Donald C. Morton, was director of the Anglo-Australian Observatory during 1976–1986 || ·
 * -id=107
 * 20107 Nanyotenmondai || || Nanyotenmondai, the Nanyo Citizens' Observatory, in the Sosyou park of Nanyo, Yamagata, Japan || ·
 * -id=109
 * 20109 Alicelandis || 1995 RJ || Alice Landis Tonry, American graduate of Tufts Medical School, realtor, farmer, and mother of the discoverer || ·
 * -id=115
 * 20115 Niheihajime || || Hajime Nihei, member of the Nanyo Astronomy Lovers Club || ·
 * -id=117
 * 20117 Tannoakira || || Akira Tanno (born 1940) is a historian studying folk customs and scientists in the Edo period of Japan. || ·
 * -id=120
 * 20120 Ryugatake || || Ryugatake, a Japanese town in Kumamoto, on the east coast of the beautiful Kamishima Island, Amakusa || ·
 * -id=135
 * 20135 Juels || 1996 JC || Charles W. Juels (1944–2009), amateur astronomer and discoverer of minor planets || ·
 * -id=136
 * 20136 Eisenhart || 1996 NA || Luther Pfahler Eisenhart (1876–1965), a prolific American mathematician and professor || ·
 * -id=139
 * 20139 Marianeschi || 1996 QU || Edmondo Marianeschi (1922–2010) was one of the most important Italian metallurgists. He wrote important books and obtained several international patents on steel manufacturing. An amateur astronomer, he designed, among others, the Montecitorio square sundial in Rome. || ·
 * -id=140
 * 20140 Costitx || || Costitx, Spanish town on the island of Majorca || 20140·
 * -id=141
 * 20141 Markidger || || Mark Richard Kidger (born 1960), British-born astrophysicist of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias || ·
 * -id=148
 * 20148 Carducci || 1996 TR || Giosuè Carducci (1835–1907) was an Italian poet, writer, literary critic and teacher, who in 1906 was the first Italian to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. || ·
 * -id=151
 * 20151 Utsunomiya || || Syogo Utsunomiya, farmer and renowned amateur astronomer in Japan || ·
 * -id=155
 * 20155 Utewindolf || || Ute Windolf of Prescott, Arizona, is a very dear and generous friend who was particularly helpful and supportive during the long terminal illness of the discoverer's wife || ·
 * -id=156
 * 20156 Herbwindolf || || Herbert Windolf of Prescott, Arizona, is a very dear and generous friend who was particularly helpful and supportive during the long terminal illness of the discoverer's wife || ·
 * -id=164
 * 20164 Janzajíc || || Jan Zajíc, Czech student who burned himself to death to protest the 1968 occupation of Czechoslovakia † || 20164·
 * -id=174
 * 20174 Eisenstein || || Gotthold Eisenstein (1823–1852), German mathematician || ·
 * -id=180
 * 20180 Annakolény || || Anna Kolény took part in the birth of Slovak sovereignty in the nineteenth century. The first session of the Slovak National Council was held in 1848 in her house in Myjava || ·
 * -id=187
 * 20187 Janapittichová || || Jana Pittichová, Slovak-born American astronomer  †  || 20187·
 * -id=193
 * 20193 Yakushima || || Yakushima is a small island located to the south of Kagoshima prefecture, Japan. || ·
 * -id=194
 * 20194 Ilarialocantore || || Ilaria Locantore (born 1984), an Italian chemist. || ·
 * -id=195
 * 20195 Mariovinci || || Mario Vinci (born 1945) is a generous amateur astronomer and a great friend of the Gruppo Astrofili di Montelupo. He always stood out his availability and support during the construction of the "Beppe Forti" observatory. || ·
 * -id=197
 * 20197 Enriques || || Federigo Enriques, professor at the universities of Bologna and Rome || ·
 * -id=200
 * 20200 Donbacky || 1997 DW || Don Backy is the artistic name of the Italian singer and composer Aldo Caponi || ·
 * }

20201–20300

 * -id=204
 * 20204 Yuudurunosato || || Yuudurunosato is the nickname of Urushiyama, located in the western area of Nanyo city || ·
 * -id=205
 * 20205 Sitanchen || || Sitan Chen (born 1995), an ISTS awardee in 2012 || ·
 * -id=207
 * 20207 Dyckovsky || || Ari Misha Dyckovsky (born 1993), an ISTS awardee in 2012 || ·
 * -id=208
 * 20208 Philiphe || || Philip Cody He (born 1994), an ISTS awardee in 2012 || ·
 * -id=211
 * 20211 Joycegates || || Joyce Gates, mentor at the ISTS in 2012 || ·
 * -id=212
 * 20212 Ekbaltouma || || Ekbal Touma, mentor at the ISTS in 2012 || ·
 * -id=213
 * 20213 Saurabhsharan || || Saurabh Sharan (born 1993), an ISTS awardee in 2012 || ·
 * -id=214
 * 20214 Lorikenny || || Lori Kenny, mentor at the ISTS in 2012 || ·
 * -id=217
 * 20217 Kathyclemmer || || Kathy Clemmer, mentor at the ISTS in 2012 || ·
 * -id=218
 * 20218 Dukewriter || || Duke Writer, mentor at the ISTS in 2012 || ·
 * -id=219
 * 20219 Brianstone || || Brian Stone, mentor at the ISTS in 2012 || ·
 * -id=224
 * 20224 Johnrae || || John Rae, Scottish explorer || ·
 * -id=228
 * 20228 Jeanmarcmari || 1997 XG || Jean-Marc Mari, French electronics engineer || ·
 * -id=230
 * 20230 Blanchard || || Guillaume Blanchard, French optician || ·
 * -id=234
 * 20234 Billgibson || || William C. Gibson, the payload manager of the New Horizons Pluto Kuiper Belt mission || ·
 * -id=237
 * 20237 Clavius || || Christopher Clavius (1538–1612) was a German mathematician and astronomer. He figured out where to place the leap years in the Gregorian calendar. Pope Gregory XII revised the Julian calendar with the assistance of Clavius. || ·
 * -id=242
 * 20242 Sagot || || Robert Sagot, amateur astronomer || ·
 * -id=243
 * 20243 Den Bosch || || Den Bosch (s-Hertogenbosch) is the capital of the province of North Brabant in the Netherlands. || ·
 * -id=246
 * 20246 Frappa || || Éric Frappa, French amateur astronomer || ·
 * -id=252
 * 20252 Eyjafjallajökull || || Eyjafjallajökull, volcano in southern Iceland || ·
 * -id=254
 * 20254 Úpice || || Úpice is a small town in northeastern Bohemia || ·
 * -id=256
 * 20256 Adolfneckař || || Adolf Neckař, former director of the Ondřejov Observatory || 20256·
 * -id=259
 * 20259 Alanhoffman || || Alan Hoffman, American engineer, a pioneer in infrared detectors || ·
 * -id=264
 * 20264 Chauhan || || Neha Chauhan, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20264·
 * -id=265
 * 20265 Yuyinchen || || Yuyin Chen, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20265·
 * -id=266
 * 20266 Danielchoi || || Daniel Chimin Choi, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20266·
 * -id=268
 * 20268 Racollier || || Rachael Theresa Collier, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20268·
 * -id=270
 * 20270 Phildeutsch || || Phillip Thomas Deutsch, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20270·
 * -id=271
 * 20271 Allygoldberg || || Allyson Molly Goldberg, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20271·
 * -id=272
 * 20272 Duyha || || Duy Minh Ha, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20272·
 * -id=274
 * 20274 Halperin || || Bruce David Halperin, an ISTS and ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20274·
 * -id=278
 * 20278 Qileihang || || Qilei Hang, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20278·
 * -id=279
 * 20279 Harel || || Matan Harel, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20279·
 * -id=281
 * 20281 Kathartman || || Katherine Hartman, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20281·
 * -id=282
 * 20282 Hedberg || || Herbert Mason Hedberg, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20282·
 * -id=283
 * 20283 Elizaheller || || Elizabeth Rose Heller, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20283·
 * -id=284
 * 20284 Andreilevin || || Andrei Joseph Levin, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20284·
 * -id=285
 * 20285 Lubin || || Amos Benjamin Lubin, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20285·
 * -id=286
 * 20286 Michta || || Maria Lynn Michta, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20286·
 * -id=287
 * 20287 Munteanu || || Andrei Munteanu, an ISTS awardee in 2004, and US Naval Observatory SEAP intern || 20287·
 * -id=288
 * 20288 Nachbaur || || Moriah Katherine Nachbaur, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20288·
 * -id=289
 * 20289 Nettimi || || Divya Nettimi, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20289·
 * -id=290
 * 20290 Seanraj || || Sean Dilip Raj, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20290·
 * -id=291
 * 20291 Raumurthy || || Rohini Subhadra Rau-Murthy, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20291·
 * -id=292
 * 20292 Eduardreznik || || Eduard Reznik, 2004 Intel Science Talent Search winner † || 20292·
 * -id=293
 * 20293 Sirichelson || || Silas Isaac Richelson, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20293·
 * -id=296
 * 20296 Shayestorm || || Shaye Perry Storm, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20296·
 * -id=298
 * 20298 Gordonsu || || Gordon L. Su, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20298·
 * -id=300
 * 20300 Arjunsuri || || Arjun Anand Suri, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20300·
 * }

20301–20400

 * 20301 Thakur || || Gaurav Subhash Thakur, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20301·
 * -id=302
 * 20302 Kevinwang || || Kevin Yibo Wang, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20302·
 * -id=303
 * 20303 Lindwestrick || || Linda Brown Westrick, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20303·
 * -id=304
 * 20304 Wolfson || || Jayne Frances Wolfson, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20304·
 * -id=305
 * 20305 Feliciayen || || Felicia Yuen-Lee Yen, an ISTS awardee in 2004 || 20305·
 * -id=306
 * 20306 Richarnold || || Richard Arnold, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20306·
 * -id=307
 * 20307 Johnbarnes || || John Barnes, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20307·
 * -id=309
 * 20309 Batalden || || John Batalden, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20309·
 * -id=311
 * 20311 Nancycarter || || Nancy Carter, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20311·
 * -id=312
 * 20312 Danahy || || Thomas Danahy, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20312·
 * -id=313
 * 20313 Fredrikson || || Robert Fredrikson, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20313·
 * -id=314
 * 20314 Johnharrison || || John Harrison, English clock designer || ·
 * -id=316
 * 20316 Jerahalpern || || Jerald Halpern, mentor at the ISTS in 2004> || 20316·
 * -id=317
 * 20317 Hendrickson || || Gary Hendrickson, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20317·
 * -id=321
 * 20321 Lightdonovan || || Donna Light-Donovan, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20321·
 * -id=323
 * 20323 Tomlindstom || || Tom Lindstom, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20323·
 * -id=324
 * 20324 Johnmahoney || || John Mahoney, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20324·
 * -id=325
 * 20325 Julianoey || || Julian Oey (born 1964), a prolific asteroid photometrist, observing from Australia. He is the principal discoverer of four binary asteroids and co-discoverer of several others, using the photometry technique. He has written or co-authored a number of papers on binary and other asteroids. Name suggested by P. Pravec and A. Harris (Src). || ·
 * -id=329
 * 20329 Manfro || || Nina Manfro, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20329·
 * -id=330
 * 20330 Manwell || || Anne Manwell, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20330·
 * -id=331
 * 20331 Bijemarks || || Billie Jean Marks, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20331·
 * -id=333
 * 20333 Johannhuth || || Johann Sigismund Huth, 18th–19th-century Ukrainian astronomer || ·
 * -id=334
 * 20334 Glewitsky || || Grigori Vasil'evich Lewitzky, 19th–20th-century Russian founder and first director of the Astronomical Observatory of Kharkov National University, later director of Tartu Observatoorium (Tartu Observatory) || ·
 * -id=335
 * 20335 Charmartell || || Charles Martell, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20335·
 * -id=336
 * 20336 Gretamills || || Greta Mills, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20336·
 * -id=337
 * 20337 Naeve || || Larry Naeve, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20337·
 * -id=338
 * 20338 Elainepappas || || Elaine Pappas, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20338·
 * -id=339
 * 20339 Eileenreed || || Eileen Reed, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20339·
 * -id=340
 * 20340 Susanruder || || Susan Ruder, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20340·
 * -id=341
 * 20341 Alanstack || || Alan Stack, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20341·
 * -id=342
 * 20342 Trinh || || Jonathan Trinh, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20342·
 * -id=343
 * 20343 Vaccariello || || Michael Vaccariello, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20343·
 * -id=345
 * 20345 Davidvito || || David Vito, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20345·
 * -id=347
 * 20347 Wunderlich || || Daniel Wunderlich, mentor at the ISTS in 2004 || 20347·
 * -id=351
 * 20351 Kaborchardt || || Kasey Lynn Borchardt, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20351·
 * -id=352
 * 20352 Pinakibose || || Pinaki Bose, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20352·
 * -id=354
 * 20354 Rebeccachan || || Rebecca Ann Chan, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20354·
 * -id=355
 * 20355 Saraclark || || Sara Catherine Clark, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20355·
 * -id=357
 * 20357 Shireendhir || || Shireen Dhir, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20357·
 * -id=358
 * 20358 Dalem || || Henri Dalem, French historian, specialist in data processing, and webmaster of the international Holbach foundation || ·
 * -id=360
 * 20360 Holsapple || || Keith A. Holsapple, American professor of engineering at the University of Washington, who has developed scaling laws for asteroid cratering and explored the relationship between asteroidal shape, spin rates and internal strength || ·
 * -id=361
 * 20361 Romanishin || || William Romanishin, American professor of astronomy at the University of Oklahoma || ·
 * -id=362
 * 20362 Trilling || || David E. Trilling, American assistant astronomer at the University of Arizona || ·
 * -id=363
 * 20363 Komitov || || Boris Petrov Komitov, Bulgarian planetary scientist and popularizer || ·
 * -id=364
 * 20364 Zdeněkmiler || || Zdeněk Miler, Czech film-maker and illustrator, best known for the character Krtek ("Little Mole") †  || 20364·
 * -id=366
 * 20366 Bonev || || Boncho P. Bonev, American research assistant professor at the Catholic University of America || ·
 * -id=367
 * 20367 Erikagibb || || Erika Gibb, American assistant professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy of the University of Missouri || ·
 * -id=371
 * 20371 Ekladyous || || Nicholas Samir Ekladyous, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20371·
 * -id=372
 * 20372 Juliafanning || || Julia Alexine Fanning, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20372·
 * -id=373
 * 20373 Fullmer || || Austin Tracey Fullmer, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20373·
 * -id=375
 * 20375 Sherrigerten || || Sherri Ann Gerten, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20375·
 * -id=376
 * 20376 Joyhines || || Joy Ellen Hines, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20376·
 * -id=377
 * 20377 Jakubisin || || Daniel James Jakubisin, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20377·
 * -id=379
 * 20379 Christijohns || || Christine Elizabeth Johns, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20379·
 * -id=392
 * 20392 Mikeshepard || || Michael Shepard, American geologist, specializing in radar and optical remote sensing of the minor and terrestrial planets || ·
 * -id=393
 * 20393 Kevinlane || || Kevin Nelson Lane, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20393·
 * -id=394
 * 20394 Fatou || || Pierre Joseph Louis Fatou (1878–1929) was employed at the observatory of Paris || ·
 * -id=399
 * 20399 Michaelesser || 1998 OO || Michael Lesser, American scientist, specialist in high quantum efficiency CCDs || ·
 * }
 * }

20401–20500

 * -id=403
 * 20403 Attenborough || || David Attenborough (born 1927), an English naturalist and broadcaster of wildlife documentaries || ·
 * -id=405
 * 20405 Barryburke || || Barry Burke, American CCD sensor designer || ·
 * -id=415
 * 20415 Amandalu || || Amanda Jane Lu, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20415·
 * -id=416
 * 20416 Mansour || || Philip George Mansour, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20416·
 * -id=420
 * 20420 Marashwhitman || || David I. Marash-Whitman, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20420·
 * -id=426
 * 20426 Fridlund || || Malcolm Fridlund (born 1952) worked at ESA on projects such as Darwin and Corot. || 20426·
 * -id=427
 * 20427 Hjalmar || || Hjalmar Lagerkvist (b. 2021), a grandson of the discoverer. || ·
 * -id=430
 * 20430 Stout || || Earl Douglas Stout (c. 1895–1985), a music professor at Louisiana State University and a great-grandfather of the second discoverer. || ·
 * -id=433
 * 20433 Prestinenza || || Luigi Prestinenza (born 1929) is a very active, appreciated and popular Italian amateur astronomer. || ·
 * -id=437
 * 20437 Selohusa || || The South Euclid–Lyndhurst, Ohio, U.S.A. (SELOHUSA) region is in suburban Cleveland. Euclid bluestone quarries provided building stone for the development of northeast Ohio in the 19th century. NASA astronaut Carl E. Walz and Charles F. Brush, inventor of arc-lamp street lighting, are from the region. || ·
 * -id=440
 * 20440 McClintock || || Shannon Noel McClintock, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20440·
 * -id=441
 * 20441 Elijahmena || || Elijah Login Mena, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20441·
 * -id=444
 * 20444 Mamesser || || Mary Anne Messer, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20444·
 * -id=450
 * 20450 Marymohammed || || Maryam Khadijah Mohammed, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20450·
 * -id=451
 * 20451 Galeotti || || Piero Galeotti, Italian astrophysicist || ·
 * -id=454
 * 20454 Pedrajo || || Ana Cristina Pedrajo, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20454·
 * -id=455
 * 20455 Pennell || || Jordan William Pennell, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20455·
 * -id=460
 * 20460 Robwhiteley || || Robert J. Whiteley, American astronomer || ·
 * -id=461
 * 20461 Dioretsa || || "Asteroid" backwards, due to retrograde orbit (this is the first such numbered asteroid) || ·
 * -id=465
 * 20465 Vervack || || Ronald J. Vervack Jr., American planetary scientist of Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory || ·
 * -id=467
 * 20467 Hibbitts || || Charles A. Hibbitts, American planetary scientist of Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory || ·
 * -id=468
 * 20468 Petercook || || Peter Edward Cook, 20th-century British satirist, writer and comedian performer || ·
 * -id=469
 * 20469 Dudleymoore || || Dudley Moore, 20th-century British musician, actor and comedian || ·
 * -id=472
 * 20472 Mollypettit || || Molly Loren Pettit, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20472·
 * -id=474
 * 20474 Reasoner || || Jonathan William Reasoner, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20474·
 * -id=476
 * 20476 Chanarich || || Chana Leora Rich, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20476·
 * -id=477
 * 20477 Anastroda || || Anastasia Nast Roda, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20477·
 * -id=478
 * 20478 Rutenberg || || Michael Lev Rutenberg-Schoenberg, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20478·
 * -id=479
 * 20479 Celisaucier || || Celine Michelle Saucier, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20479·
 * -id=480
 * 20480 Antonschraut || || Anton H. Schraut, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20480·
 * -id=481
 * 20481 Sharples || || David R. Sharples, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20481·
 * -id=482
 * 20482 Dustinshea || || Dustin James Shea, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20482·
 * -id=483
 * 20483 Sinay || || Daniella Sinay, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20483·
 * -id=484
 * 20484 Janetsong || || Janet Song, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20484·
 * -id=488
 * 20488 Pic-du-Midi || 1999 OL || Observatoire du Pic-du-Midi. || ·
 * -id=491
 * 20491 Ericstrege || || Eric William Strege, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20491·
 * -id=495
 * 20495 Rimavská Sobota || || Rimavská Sobota, a small town with a rich history, lies in the Rimava river valley. || ·
 * -id=496
 * 20496 Jeník || || Jeník is the nickname of the main tenor character in Smetana's The Bartered Bride. || ·
 * -id=497
 * 20497 Mařenka || 1999 RS || Marenka is the nickname of the main soprano character in Smetana's The Bartered Bride. || ·
 * -id=500
 * 20500 Avner || || Lillian I. Avner (born 1952), Emergency Medicine Physician at Martin Memorial and medical director of Martin County Fire Rescue, dedicated her life to helping people. Lil's passion and leadership guided the ER and Fire Rescue from infancy to maturity. She contributed to thousands of lives saved through her decades of service. || ·
 * }

20501–20600

 * -id=503
 * 20503 Adamtazi || || Adam Ryoma Tazi, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20503·
 * -id=512
 * 20512 Rothenberg || || Eckehard Rothenberg (born 1938), a German amateur astronomer and technical director of the Archenhold Observatory † ‡ || 20512·
 * -id=513
 * 20513 Lazio || || Lazio is the Italian region containing Rome, the everlasting city. || ·
 * -id=517
 * 20517 Judycrystal || || Judy Crystal (Andrews) Robinson (born 1949) is the wife of the discoverer. || ·
 * -id=518
 * 20518 Rendtel || || Jürgen Rendtel (born 1954), a German solar physicist and amateur astronomer † ‡ || 20518·
 * -id=522
 * 20522 Yogeshwar || || Ranga Yogeshwar (de) (born 1959), a physicist and scientific journalist. || ·
 * -id=524
 * 20524 Bustersikes || || Leon R. Sikes III ("Buster", born 1959), is a Florida businessman and amateur astronomer. || ·
 * -id=526
 * 20526 Bathompson || || Blake Alexander Thompson, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20526·
 * -id=527
 * 20527 Dajowestrich || || David John Westrich, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20527·
 * -id=528
 * 20528 Kyleyawn || || Kyle James Yawn, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20528·
 * -id=529
 * 20529 Zwerling || || Blake Gordon Zwerling, a DCYSC awardee in 2004 || 20529·
 * -id=530
 * 20530 Johnayres || || John Ayres, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20530·
 * -id=531
 * 20531 Stevebabcock || || Steven Babcock, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20531·
 * -id=532
 * 20532 Benbilby || || R. Ben Bilby, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20532·
 * -id=533
 * 20533 Irmabonham || || Irma Bonham, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20533·
 * -id=534
 * 20534 Bozeman || || Melissa Bozeman, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20534·
 * -id=535
 * 20535 Marshburrows || || Marsha Burrows, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20535·
 * -id=536
 * 20536 Tracicarter || || Traci A. Carter, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20536·
 * -id=537
 * 20537 Sandraderosa || || Sandra DeRosa, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20537·
 * -id=539
 * 20539 Gadberry || || Sandra Gadberry, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20539·
 * -id=540
 * 20540 Marhalpern || || Marcia Halpern, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20540·
 * -id=544
 * 20544 Kimhansell || || Kim Hansell, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20544·
 * -id=545
 * 20545 Karenhowell || || Karen Howell, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20545·
 * -id=553
 * 20553 Donaldhowk || || Donald Howk, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20553·
 * -id=555
 * 20555 Jennings || || Barbara Jennings, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20555·
 * -id=556
 * 20556 Midgekimble || || Midge Kimble, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20556·
 * -id=557
 * 20557 Davidkulka || || David Kulka, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20557·
 * -id=559
 * 20559 Sheridanlamp || || Sheridan Lamp, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20559·
 * -id=564
 * 20564 Michaellane || || Michael Lane, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20564·
 * -id=566
 * 20566 Laurielee || || Laurie Lee, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20566·
 * -id=567
 * 20567 McQuarrie || || Kerry Ann McQuarrie, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20567·
 * -id=568
 * 20568 Migaki || || Janet Migaki, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20568·
 * -id=570
 * 20570 Molchan || || Bonnie Molchan, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20570·
 * -id=571
 * 20571 Tiamorrison || || Tiana Morrison, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20571·
 * -id=572
 * 20572 Celemorrow || || Celeste Morrow, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20572·
 * -id=573
 * 20573 Garynadler || || Gary Nadler, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20573·
 * -id=574
 * 20574 Ochinero || || Marcia Collin Ochinero, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20574·
 * -id=576
 * 20576 Marieoertle || || Marie Oertle, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20576·
 * -id=580
 * 20580 Marilpeters || || Marilyn Peters, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20580·
 * -id=581
 * 20581 Prendergast || || Dana Prendergast, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20581·
 * -id=582
 * 20582 Reichenbach || || Edith Reichenbach, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20582·
 * -id=583
 * 20583 Richthammer || || James Richthammer, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20583·
 * -id=584
 * 20584 Brigidsavage || || Brigid Savage, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20584·
 * -id=585
 * 20585 Wentworth || || Sandra Wentworth, mentor at the DCYSC in 2004 || 20585·
 * -id=586
 * 20586 Elizkolod || || Elizabeth Kolod, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20586·
 * -id=587
 * 20587 Jargoldman || || Jarett Goldman, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20587·
 * -id=589
 * 20589 Hennyadmoni || || Henny Admoni, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20589·
 * -id=590
 * 20590 Bongiovanni || || Brice Bongiovanni, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20590·
 * -id=591
 * 20591 Sameergupta || || Sameer Gupta, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20591·
 * -id=593
 * 20593 Freilich || || Janet Freilich, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20593·
 * -id=595
 * 20595 Ryanwisnoski || || Ryan Wisnoski, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20595·
 * -id=600
 * 20600 Danieltse || || Daniel Tse, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20600·
 * }

20601–20700

 * -id=604
 * 20604 Vrishikpatil || || Vrishikumar Patil, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20604·
 * -id=606
 * 20606 Widemann || || Thomas Widemann (born 1961), French planetary scientist at the Paris Observatory and associate professor at Versailles University || ·
 * -id=607
 * 20607 Vernazza || || Pierre Vernazza (born 1979), planetary scientist at the European Space Agency's European Space Research and Technology Centre in Noordwijk || ·
 * -id=608
 * 20608 Fredmerlin || || Frédéric Merlin (born 1981), French planetary scientist at the Observatoire de Paris || ·
 * -id=613
 * 20613 Chibaken || || Chiba prefecture is located east of Tokyo. || ·
 * -id=616
 * 20616 Zeeshansayed || || Zeeshan Sayed, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20616·
 * -id=618
 * 20618 Daniebutler || || Danielle Butler, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20618·
 * -id=623
 * 20623 Davidyoung || || David Young (born 1955), American amateur astronomer || ·
 * -id=624
 * 20624 Dariozanetti || || Dario Zanetti (born 1959), Swiss artisan, who helped build the discovering Gnosca Observatory || 20624·
 * -id=625
 * 20625 Noto || || The Noto Peninsula is located in Japan's geographical center, facing the Sea of Japan. || ·
 * -id=631
 * 20631 Stefuller || || Stephen Fuller, an ISEF awardee in 2004  || 20631·
 * -id=632
 * 20632 Carlyrosser || || Carly Rosser, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20632·
 * -id=634
 * 20634 Marichardson || || Matthew Richardson, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20634·
 * -id=638
 * 20638 Lingchen || || Ling Chen, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20638·
 * -id=639
 * 20639 Michellouie || || Michelle Louie, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20639·
 * -id=641
 * 20641 Yenuanchen || || Yen Uan-Chen, an ISEF awardee in 2004, and IFAA recipient † || 20641·
 * -id=642
 * 20642 Laurajohnson || || Laura Johnson, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20642·
 * -id=643
 * 20643 Angelicaliu || || Angelica Liu, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20643·
 * -id=644
 * 20644 Amritdas || || Amrit Das, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20644·
 * -id=646
 * 20646 Nikhilgupta || || Nikhil Gupta, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20646·
 * -id=649
 * 20649 Miklenov || || Mikhail Klenov, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20649·
 * -id=654
 * 20654 Ivánéder || || Iván Éder (born 1979), an astrophotographer from Budapest, Hungary. || 20654·
 * -id=657
 * 20657 Alvarez-Candal || || Alvaro Alvarez-Candal, Argentinian planetary scientist at the Observatoire de Paris. || ·
 * -id=658
 * 20658 Bushmarinov || || Ivan Bushmarinov, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20658·
 * -id=664
 * 20664 Senec || || The town of Senec is located in the south-west of Slovakia. The historical development of the town is dated from the middle of the 13th century. Senec actively supports amateur astronomy. In 1982 an astronomical observatory was built on the building of Albert Molnár Szenczi Elementary School. || ·
 * -id=673
 * 20673 Janelle || 1999 VW || Janelle Burgardt (born 1954), secretary and past president of the North East Kansas Amateur Astronomer's League. || ·
 * -id=686
 * 20686 Thottumkara || || Arun Thottumkara, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20686·
 * -id=687
 * 20687 Saletore || || Yogesh Saletore, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20687·
 * -id=689
 * 20689 Zhuyuanchen || || Zhu Yuanchen, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20689·
 * -id=690
 * 20690 Crivello || || Joseph Crivello, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20690·
 * -id=693
 * 20693 Ramondiaz || || Jose Ramon Diaz Navarrete, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20693·
 * -id=696
 * 20696 Torresduarte || || Luis Eduardo Torres Duarte, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20696·
 * }

20701–20800

 * -id=719
 * 20719 Velasco || || Rodrigo Velasco Velasco, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20719·
 * -id=722
 * 20722 Aaronclevenson || || Aaron Clevenson (b. 1955), a retired astronomy professor at Lone Star College-Montgomery in Texas and the Observatory Director for the Insperity Observatory in the Humble Independent School District. || ·
 * -id=730
 * 20730 Jorgecarvano || || Jorge Carvano (born 1971), Brazilian planetary scientist at the Rio de Janeiro National Observatory || ·
 * -id=731
 * 20731 Mothédiniz || || Thais Mothé-Diniz (born 1974), Brazilian planetary scientist at the Rio de Janeiro National Observatory || ·
 * -id=740
 * 20740 Sémery || || Alain Sémery (born 1944), French engineer at the Paris Observatory || ·
 * -id=741
 * 20741 Jeanmichelreess || || Jean-Michel Reess (born 1967), French engineer at the Paris Observatory || ·
 * -id=760
 * 20760 Chanmatchun || || Mat Chun Chan, the discoverer's mother || ·
 * -id=768
 * 20768 Langberg || || Sarah Langberg, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20768·
 * -id=772
 * 20772 Brittajones || || Britta Jones, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20772·
 * -id=773
 * 20773 Aneeshvenkat || || Aneesh Venkat, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20773·
 * -id=776
 * 20776 Juliekrugler || || Julie Krugler, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20776·
 * -id=778
 * 20778 Wangchaohao || || Wang Chaohao, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20778·
 * -id=779
 * 20779 Xiajunchao || || Xia Junchao, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20779·
 * -id=780
 * 20780 Chanyikhei || || Chan Yik Hei (born 1989), an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20780·
 * -id=782
 * 20782 Markcroce || || Mark Croce, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20782·
 * -id=784
 * 20784 Trevorpowers || || Trevor Powers, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20784·
 * -id=785
 * 20785 Mitalithakor || || Mitali Thakor, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20785·
 * -id=787
 * 20787 Mitchfourman || || Mitchell Fourman, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20787·
 * -id=789
 * 20789 Hughgrant || || Hugh M. Grant (born 1933), Canadian amateur astronomer and a member of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada || 20789·
 * -id=793
 * 20793 Goldinaaron || || Aaron Goldin, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20793·
 * -id=794
 * 20794 Ryanolson || || Ryan Olson, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20794·
 * -id=796
 * 20796 Philipmunoz || || Philip Munoz, an ISEF awardee in 2004, and IFAA and EUCYSA recipient || 20796·
 * -id=798
 * 20798 Verlinden || || Christopher Verlinden, an ISEF awardee in 2004, and IFAA and EUCYSA recipient || 20798·
 * -id=799
 * 20799 Ashishbakshi || || Ashish Bakshi, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20799·
 * }

20801–20900

 * -id=804
 * 20804 Etter || || Dolores M. Etter is renowned for lifetime achievement in digital signal processing and contributions to science education. || ·
 * -id=809
 * 20809 Eshinjolly || || Eshin Jolly, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20809·
 * -id=812
 * 20812 Shannonbabb || || Shannon Babb, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20812·
 * -id=813
 * 20813 Aakashshah || || Aakash Shah, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20813·
 * -id=814
 * 20814 Laurajones || || Laura Jones, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20814·
 * -id=817
 * 20817 Liuxiaofeng || || Liu Xiaofeng, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20817·
 * -id=818
 * 20818 Karmadiraju || || Kartik Madiraju, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20818·
 * -id=821
 * 20821 Balasridhar || || Balaji Sridhar, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20821·
 * -id=822
 * 20822 Lintingnien || || Lin Ting-Nien, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20822·
 * -id=823
 * 20823 Liutingchun || || Liu Ting-Chun, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20823·
 * -id=828
 * 20828 Linchen || || Lin Chen, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20828·
 * -id=830
 * 20830 Luyajia || || Lu Yajia, an ISEF awardee in 2004, and IFAA recipient || 20830·
 * -id=831
 * 20831 Zhangyi || || Yi-Chen "Lilly" Zhang, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20831·
 * -id=832
 * 20832 Santhikodali || || Santhisri Kodali, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20832·
 * -id=834
 * 20834 Allihewlett || || Allison Hewlett, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20834·
 * -id=835
 * 20835 Eliseadcock || || Elise Adcock, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20835·
 * -id=836
 * 20836 Marilytedja || || Marilynn Tedja, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20836·
 * -id=837
 * 20837 Ramanlal || || Nimish Ramanlal, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20837·
 * -id=839
 * 20839 Bretharrison || || Brett Harrison, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20839·
 * -id=840
 * 20840 Borishanin || || Boris Hanin, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20840·
 * -id=843
 * 20843 Kuotzuhao || || Kuo Tzu-Hao, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20843·
 * -id=846
 * 20846 Liyulin || || Li Yu-Lin, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20846·
 * -id=850
 * 20850 Gaglani || || Shiv Gaglani, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20850·
 * -id=851
 * 20851 Ramachandran || || Reshma Ramachandran, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20851·
 * -id=852
 * 20852 Allilandstrom || || Allison Landstrom, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20852·
 * -id=853
 * 20853 Yunxiangchu || || Yun Xiang Chu, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20853·
 * -id=854
 * 20854 Tetruashvily || || Mazell Tetruashvily, an ISEF awardee in 2004, and IFAA recipient || 20854·
 * -id=855
 * 20855 Arifawan || || Arif Awan, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20855·
 * -id=856
 * 20856 Hamzabari || || Hamza Bari, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20856·
 * -id=857
 * 20857 Richardromeo || || Richard Romeo, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20857·
 * -id=858
 * 20858 Cuirongfeng || || Cui Rongfeng, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20858·
 * -id=861
 * 20861 Lesliebeh || || Leslie Beh, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20861·
 * -id=862
 * 20862 Jenngoedhart || || Jennifer Goedhart, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20862·
 * -id=863
 * 20863 Jamescronk || || James Cronk, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20863·
 * -id=870
 * 20870 Kaningher || || Laura Kaningher, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20870·
 * -id=873
 * 20873 Evanfrank || || Evan Frank, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20873·
 * -id=874
 * 20874 MacGregor || || Meredith MacGregor, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20874·
 * -id=878
 * 20878 Uwetreske || || Uwe Treske, an ISEF awardee in 2004, and IFAA, and Seaborg SIYSS Award recipient || 20878·
 * -id=879
 * 20879 Chengyuhsuan || || Cheng Yu-hsuan, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20879·
 * -id=880
 * 20880 Yiyideng || || Yiyi Deng, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20880·
 * -id=882
 * 20882 Paulsánchez || || Diego Paul Sánchez Lana (born 1976) has applied the physics of granular mechanics to the study of rubble pile asteroids. His work has identified the possible source of asteroid cohesive strength and shown that it plays a fundamental role in the spin fission of asteroids and their pathways to binary asteroid formation. || ·
 * -id=883
 * 20883 Gervais || || Raphaël Gervais, an ISEF awardee in 2004, and MILSET Expo-Science Europe Award recipient † ‡ || 20883·
 * -id=887
 * 20887 Ngwaikin || || Ng Wai Kin (born 1974) is one of the pioneers in lunar and planetary imaging using webcam. || ·
 * -id=888
 * 20888 Siyueguo || || Si Yue Guo, an ISEF awardee in 2004, and MILSET Expo-Science Europe Award recipient † || 20888·
 * -id=892
 * 20892 MacChnoic || || Breandan Mac Chnoic, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20892·
 * -id=893
 * 20893 Rosymccloskey || || Roisin McCloskey, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20893·
 * -id=894
 * 20894 Krumeich || || Edwin Krumeich, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || 20894·
 * -id=896
 * 20896 Tiphene || || Didier Tiphène (born 1957), French deputy director of the Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique at the Observatoire de Paris || ·
 * -id=897
 * 20897 Deborahdomingue || || Deborah L. Domingue (born 1963), American planetary scientist at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, who has worked on the NEAR space mission and is deputy project scientist for the MESSENGER mission || ·
 * -id=898
 * 20898 Fountainhills || || Fountain Hills, Arizona, home of the Fountain Hills Observatory || ·
 * }

20901–21000

 * 20901 Mattmuehler || || Matthew Muehler, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || ·
 * -id=902
 * 20902 Kylebeighle || || Kyle Beighle, an ISEF awardee in 2004 || ·
 * -id=936
 * 20936 Nemrut Dagi || 4835 T-1 || Nemrut Dagi, the volcano in Turkey. || ·
 * -id=947
 * 20947 Polyneikes || 2638 T-2 || Son of Oedipus, who was to alternate kingship over Thebes with his brother Eteokles. This led to the war of the Seven against Thebes. || ·
 * -id=952
 * 20952 Tydeus || 5151 T-2 || Son of Oeneus, killed in the war of the Seven against Thebes || ·
 * -id=961
 * 20961 Arkesilaos || || King Arkesilaos of Cyrene || ·
 * -id=962
 * 20962 Michizane || || Sugawara no Michizane (845-903) was a noble, a scholar, a politician and a Kanshi poet. He is admired for his calligraphy, scholarship and poetry. || ·
 * -id=963
 * 20963 Pisarenko || || Georgij Stepanovitsch Pisarenko, member of the International Academy of Culture † || 20963·
 * -id=964
 * 20964 Mons Naklethi || 1977 UA || First known name of Mount Kleť, in the Czech Republic, where the discovering Kleť Observatory is located || 20964·
 * -id=965
 * 20965 Kutafin || || Oleg Emel'yanovich Kutafin, Russian rector of the Moscow State Academy of Law || ·
 * -id=969
 * 20969 Samo || 1979 SH || Samo, French merchant and founder of the first Bohemian state † ‡ || 20969·
 * -id=990
 * 20990 Maryannehervey || || Mary Anne Hervey (1796-1838), wife of Fearon Fallows, an English astronomer at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. || 20990·
 * -id=991
 * 20991 Jánkollár || || Ján Kollár, Slovak poet, priest and diligent promoter of Slavic culture † || 20991·
 * -id=992
 * 20992 Marypearse || || Mary Pearse (1802-1861), wife of Thomas Maclear. || 20992·
 * -id=993
 * 20993 Virginiediscry || || Marie-Virginie Discry (1812-1865), wife of Jean-Charles Houzeau. || 20993·
 * -id=994
 * 20994 Atreya || 1985 TS || Prakash Atreya (born 1985), a meteor astronomer and programming specialist at the Arecibo Observatory. || ·
 * -id=998
 * 20998 Houzeaudelehaie || || Charles Auguste Benjamin Hippolyte Houzeau de Lehaie (1832-1922), younger brother of Jean-Charles Houzeau. || 20998·
 * -id=000
 * 21000 L'Encyclopédie || || The Encyclopédie or Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (1751–1772), by Diderot and d´Alembert, may be considered the principal work of the Age of Enlightenment. || ·
 * }
 * }


text: User talk:81.192.65.193

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:81.192.65.193


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Army Park

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE   — Gwalla | Talk 19:16, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Army Park
A park in Northern Ireland. Does not establish notability.  — Gwalla | Talk 20:58, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN. David | Talk 22:02, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Do we need every single little park in every single country here? No! Hohokus 23:29, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * No vote. This could be a mere ad, but just expand it if you try any google hits or something. --SuperDude 03:04, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Alex Sanderson

Alexander Sanderson (born 7 October 1979 in Chester) is an English former rugby union footballer who played in the back row during the 1990s and 2000s for Saracens and Sale Sharks. He is the brother of Pat Sanderson who also played rugby for Littleborough RUFC. He is currently Director of Rugby at Sale Sharks.

His rugby career blossomed under coach Brian Gornall at Kirkham Grammar School. His first Sale coach, John Mitchell, also had a great influence on him as did Steve Diamond and Jim Mallinder, both of whom he played alongside when he broke into the first team.

He scored a try on his England debut after coming on as a replacement against Romania in November 2001, having captained the England midweek side in North America soon after being selected for the England XV against the Barbarians at Twickenham. He made his Six Nations debut as a replacement against Italy in March 2003 and was part of the wider 43-man squad for the World Cup, playing in the pre-World Cup warm-up matches against Wales and France in Marseille.

He was forced to retire from rugby in 2005 due to a back injury.

After a 17-year association with Saracens it was announced in January 2021 that Sanderson had been appointed Sale Sharks' Director of Rugby.

title: Alex Sanderson


text:
Talk:Nest

Untitled
I've seen man-made objects that have been used for nests, and also swans that have used litter for nests. I don't have sources for that though...

-Tszkin

Congratulations
....on your DYK! An interesting read. Amandajm (talk) 01:18, 31 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Yes! very hearty congratulations! an embarrassing oversight to have such a small article on something so fundamental before, and a very worthy article now. Congrats! -- Michael Scott Cuthbert (talk) 03:58, 31 August 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nest


text:
Portal:Trains/Anniversaries/March 1/More

This article lists anniversary events related to rail transport that occurred on March 1.

19th century

 * 1876 – The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad reaches Pueblo, Colorado.
 * 1892 – Japan's Mito Railway is consolidated into the Japanese National Railways.
 * 1893 – The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (the New Haven Railroad) leases the Old Colony Railroad.

20th century

 * 1920 – Control of American railroads is returned to private ownership and administration with the disbandment of the USRA.
 * 1956 – The Gulf Coast Lines system of railways in the United States is merged into Missouri Pacific Railroad.
 * 1967 – The Hankyu Senri Line, connecting Tenjimbashisuji Rokuchōme to Kita-Senri in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, opens.
 * 1974 – The former Japanese Government Railways Uwajima Line is extended from Ekawasaki to Wakai and the line is renamed as the Yodo Line.
 * 1989 – The Abbeville-Grimes Railway (a predecessor of the Bay Line Railroad) begins operations between its namesake cities in Alabama.
 * 1995 – CP Rail announces that Robert J. Ritchie will succeed I. Barry Scott as president and CEO of CP Rail.

Births

 * 1816 – John Souther, founder of Globe Locomotive Works (d. 1911).
 * 1851 – Edward Ponsonby, director for London, Brighton and South Coast Railway beginning in 1895 and chairman of same 1908-1920, is born (d. 1920).
 * 1955 – Peter Zars, the first on-train birth aboard the California Zephyr passenger train (while the train passed through Ruby Canyon).


text:
BAE Systems Avionics

BAE Systems Avionics was the avionics unit of BAE Systems until 2005, at which time it was transferred to SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems S.p.A. (initially 75% Finmeccanica and 25% BAE Systems, but since March 2007 fully owned by Finmeccanica). Selex S&AS became SELEX Galileo in 2008 and from January 2013 (following a merger with other Finmeccanica companies SELEX Sistemi Integrati and Selex Elsag) traded as Selex ES. It then merged into Leonardo S.p.A.'s land and naval defence electronics division on 1 January 2016.

The business had its UK headquarters in Basildon, Essex, England.

History
BAE Systems Avionics has a rich heritage which dates back to 1909 when the Elliott and Marconi companies began to fit aircraft with systems (beginning with embryonic air to ground communications). By 1913 Elliot's avionics product lines advanced to gyroscopes, weapon sights and altimeters.

Timeline

 * 1804 - William Elliott establishes a company manufacturing scientific and surveying instruments.
 * 1853 - Company renamed Elliott Brothers Ltd.
 * 1897 - Guglielmo Marconi founds his company.
 * 1909 - Elliott Brothers and Marconi companies both begin to fit avionics to early aircraft.
 * 1946 - Marconi is acquired by English Electric.
 * 1967 - English Electric and Elliott Automation merge.
 * 1968 - The new English Electric group is acquired by GEC.
 * 1969 - GEC renames avionics business Marconi-Elliott Avionics Systems Limited, part of the company's defence arm, GEC-Marconi.
 * 1978 - Renamed Marconi Avionics Limited.
 * 1984 - Renamed GEC Avionics Limited.
 * 1990 - Take-over of Ferranti creating GEC Ferranti
 * 1998 - Renamed Marconi Avionics, part of the renamed defence arm, Marconi Electronic Systems (MES).
 * 1999 - MES merged with British Aerospace to form BAE Systems. Avionics business becomes BAE Systems Avionics.
 * 2005 - BAE Systems Avionics merged with Galileo Avionica to form SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems.
 * 2008 - SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems is re-branded SELEX Galileo.
 * 2013 - SELEX Galileo merged with SELEX Sistemi Integrati and Selex Elsag to form Selex ES.
 * 2016 - Selex ES activities became part of Leonardo’s land and naval defence electronics division

title: BAE Systems Avionics


text:
1894 Esperanto reform project

In 1894, L. L. Zamenhof, who was the original creator of the constructed language Esperanto, proposed a complete series of reforms to Esperanto  (in other words, an Esperantido),. It is notable as the only complete Esperantido to be authored by Zamenhof himself, and it was presented in response to various reforms that had proposed by others since the language's publication in 1887. The project was eventually rejected by the language's speakers, and subsequently even by Zamenhof himself. Some of the proposed reforms were used in another constructed language, Ido, beginning in 1907.

Background
Although Zamenhof's stated preference was to avoid any discussion of changes, he was put under considerable pressure, including financial, to respond to the diverse reforms proposed by others. Reluctantly he decided to present a reformed dialect himself and undertook to continue guiding the community, whether or not reforms were eventually agreed upon.

Although Zamenhof initially called his reform a systematic attempt to re-create the language in the light of more than six years of practical experience, scarcely any of the Esperanto community of the time accepted it as a whole. The majority voted to reject all changes. Zamenhof himself later rejected the whole project and referred to 1894 as 'a wasted year'. In 1907 he expressly refused permission to anyone wishing to re-publish the proposed reforms. In 1929 Johannes Dietterle cited this refusal as justification for omitting details of the reform project from his collection of Zamenhof's complete works, Originala Verkaro.

Some of the proposed reforms from 1894 such as replacing the -oj plural with -i, the removal of the diacritics and adjectival agreement were used in the language reform project Ido beginning in 1907, but these were not accepted by the Esperanto community either and Esperanto has changed relatively little since the publication of Zamenhof's Fundamento de Esperanto in 1905.

Main proposed changes

 * 1) The accented letters would disappear, together with most of their sounds.
 * 2) The "c" would be pronounced like the old "ŝ"; "z" as the old "c", i.e. as.
 * 3) The letters "ĝ" and "ĵ" would be usually replaced by "g" and "j" respectively.
 * 4) The definite article would be eliminated.
 * 5) The accusative would have the same form as the nominative and depend on position for clarity.
 * 6) A plural noun would replace "-o" with "-i", instead of adding "-j".
 * 7) Both adjectives and adverbs would take the ending "-e", be invariable, and depend on position for clarity.
 * 8) The number of participles would be reduced from six to two.
 * 9) The table of correlatives would be replaced with words or phrases taken from Romance languages.
 * 10) The roots of the language would be changed to reflect the new alphabet.
 * 11) The roots of the language not taken from Latin or Romance languages would be replaced by such.

Language samples for comparison
The Lord's Prayer in several Reformed versions and standard Esperanto for comparison:

title: 1894 Esperanto reform project


text: Talk:James Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Marshall Middle School

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep (which does not, of course, disallow merging.) Mindspillage (spill yours?) 03:22, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Marshall Middle School
Insignificant school or no significance provided See Schools/Arguments. - CobaltBlueTony 21:02, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hooray another one not intimidated by attempts to subvert vfd. Super Strong Reinforced delete for a non-notable school.Dunc|☺ 21:05, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. Abstain, I forgot this issue hadn't been solved yet... people are sure taking their time. --Sn0wflake 21:14, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Frankly it's as close to a solution as it's going to get (merge small articles, break out large ones). Kappa 22:07, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I mean a solution in which people actually come to terms instead of endlessly fighting over the subject and using reference pages to vote. But that seems unlikely at the moment, sadly. Cheers. --Sn0wflake 01:42, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, see Schools/Arguments. Kappa 21:20, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Schoolcruft. Stub with no real usable information. Hermione1980 22:11, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, see Schools/Arguments. RickK 23:50, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect with San Diego City Schools. JYolkowski // talk 00:14, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It might take twenty years to improve, but that doesn't matter at all. CalJW 00:27, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per WP:SCH to the district page. The text there is totally confusing.  Complaints about the site being small and that the school is being built but it also seems to exist.  Clearly not an article worthy of keeping without a lot of work.  Vegaswikian 02:37, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge with San Diego City Schools. See WP:SCH for good advice on how to avoid these pointless and inconclusive school deletion discussions.  Briefly, the merge operation could be done without resort to VfD. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 12:17, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep verifiable and NPOV schools. Double Blue  (Talk) 14:35, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Christopher Parham (talk) 04:06, 2005 Jun 12 (UTC)
 * Keep. See Schools/Arguments, especially the last two under "Keep".   Un focused 04:42, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. We know all the arguments now, and WP:SCH seems to have failed. --Carnildo 05:19, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. -Da 'Sco Mon 08:59, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * keep SchmuckyTheCat 15:35, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — RJH 16:21, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Yet another non-article which receives a lot of support due to general dogmatic principles rather than analysis of the specific subject at hand. Indrian 04:21, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. A small hint might be in order here.  In May and June the rate of nomination of school articles for deletion tripled, with two editors accounting for two-thirds of all deletion listings--in effect, those editors by themselves were responsible for the massive increase.   Such an aggressive campaign tends to put one question foremost in people's minds: do schools belong on Wikipedia?  And this is the answer. Yes, schools belong on Wikipedia. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 07:55, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course schools belong on wikipedia, but every school? Hardly as far as I am concerned.  I believe you, at least, are reading the articles and not just following dogma, but I believe many keep votes are registered by users who are not taking into account any specifics. Indrian 08:18, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. There may be one or two voters to whom that is true (I don't recognise every name here) but if you look at those voting keep at least three four of us have not only looked at this article but improved it.  Most others voting have worked on other school articles in the recent past.  I am not seeing evidence of robotic voting here, it looks like a heterogeneous bunch of people who do happen to sincerely care about these articles and work to improve them. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 08:26, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Quale 18:56, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please and see wikipedia:schools/arguments we dont need to do this daily Yuckfoo 16:31, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
The Brandenburgers in Bohemia

The Brandenburgers in Bohemia is a three-act opera, the first by Bedřich Smetana. The Czech libretto was written by Karel Sabina, and is based on events from Czech history. The work was composed in the years 1862–1863. Smetana and Sabina wrote the opera at a time of great Czech patriotism, with the pending opening of a new theatre for production of Czech operas in Prague.

The opera received its first performance at the Provisional Theatre (or the "Interim Theatre" ), Prague, on 5 January 1866, and the first performance was a success. The first UK performances were in April 1978 by Hammersmith Municipal Opera. The first professional production in the UK, conducted by Vilém Tauský, was not until 1994.

Synopsis

 * Place: Prague
 * Time: the 13th century, during the occupation of Bohemia by forces of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

Upon the death of King Ottokar II in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld, his widow Kunigunda had called in the Brandenburgian troops to lend aid against the army of victorious Rudolf of Habsburg. Rudolf retired to Austria, nevertheless the Brandenburgers soon acted like occupants: they arrested Kunigunda and her seven-year-old son Wenceslaus at Bezděz Castle and agreed with Rudolf that they would retain the Bohemian rule for the next five years.

The Prague people led by mayor Volfram Olbramovič suffer from the Brandenburg occupation. The citizen Junoš reports on plundering and looting Brandenburgian troops. Ludiše, the mayor's daughter, rejects the approaches made by the German townsman Jan Tausendmark, who thereupon joins the occupants. The serf Jíra is designated the leader of a rebel movement. He openly charges Tausendmark with the kidnapping of the three daughters of the mayor, Ludiše, Vlčenka and Děčana. To avoid clashes of arms, Olbramovič has Jíra arrested. The mayor's daughters are kept by Brandenburg troops, and Olbramovič asks Tausendmark to arrange for their liberation. However, the Brandenburg captain Varnemann demands a high ransom. Meanwhile, Jíra is put on trial and condemned to death. However, it is Junoš, in love with Ludiše, who manages to save Jíra. Tausendmark, who intends to abduct Ludiše, fails to reach an agreement with Varnemann. He and the Brandenburgers are driven out of Prague, and the city is liberated.

Political background
While taking place in a distant historical time, the opera presents heroic Czechs struggling to shake off the oppressive rule of German-speaking occupiers – a theme obviously attractive to a Nationalist Czech audience. However, the opera's villains are not the Habsburg Austrians who actually ruled Bohemia at the time when the opera was written and performed. Rather, they are from Brandenburg – the lineal ancestor of Prussia, Austria's main rival; in January 1866, when the opera was presented, tensions between Austria and Prussia were at their peak, and a few months later would culminate in the Austro-Prussian War. Thus, Austrian censors had no strong reason to object to an opera presenting Brandenburgers as villains.

Recordings

 * 1963, Jan Hus Tichý (conductor), Chorus and Orchestra of the Prague National Theatre; Karel Kalaš, Jiří Joran, Ivo Žídek, Zdeněk Otava, Antonín Votava, Bohumil Vich, Milada Šubrtová, Miroslava Fidlerová, Věra Soukupová, Eduard Haken, Jindřich Jindrák

title: The Brandenburgers in Bohemia


text:
Lonette McKee

Lonette Rita McKee (born July 22, 1954) is an American actress and singer. She made her big screen debut starring as Sister Williams in the original 1976 musical-drama film Sparkle. McKee later appeared in films Which Way Is Up? (1977), The Cotton Club (1984), Brewster's Millions (1985), Round Midnight (1986), Gardens of Stone (1987), Jungle Fever (1991), Malcolm X (1992), Men of Honor (2000), Honey (2003) and ATL (2006).

McKee became the first African American to play the coveted role of Julie and received critical acclaim for her performance in Broadway musical Show Boat in 1983, for which she received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical. She also starred in The First and played Billie Holiday in Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill. McKee also received three Drama Desk and three NAACP Image Awards nominations during her career.

Early life and education
Born in Detroit, Michigan, McKee was the second of three daughters of Dorothy McKee, of Swedish descent, and Lonnie McKee, an African American bricklayer and auto manufacturer employee. Lonette's mother was Scandinavian American. McKee's older sister, Kathrine "Kathy" McKee, is also an actress and performer. McKee attended St Martin De Porres High School, but dropped out after her freshman year, moving to Los Angeles, California, to live with her older sister. As a young girl Lonette performed at record hops, dances, and small night clubs in her hometown of Detroit with help from her mother.

Career
McKee's career began in the music business in Detroit as a child prodigy, where she started writing music and lyrics, singing, playing keyboards, and performing at the age of seven. In 1968, McKee, then aged 14, recorded her first record entitled "Stop! (Don't Worry About It)". It became an instant regional pop/R&B hit. McKee wrote the title song for the film Quadroon, in which her sister Katherine McKee starred, when she was fifteen.

Several years later, McKee was launched to stardom with her critically acclaimed performance in the hit 1976 musical drama film Sparkle. McKee's career further took off throughout the mid 1970s to late 1980s, with her starring alongside comedy superstar Richard Pryor in the 1977 comedy film Which Way Is Up?, and in the 1985 comedy film Brewster's Millions. During this period, McKee played as an African American woman passing as white in both Julie Dash's 1982 short film, Illusions and in Francis Ford Coppola's 1984 musical crime drama The Cotton Club.

She has written and produced three solo LPs. Natural Love was produced for Spike Lee's Columbia 40 Acres and A Mule label in 1992. Ed Hogan, reviewing for AllMusic, wrote, "'Natural Love' shows that the singer/songwriter's muse knows no stylistic bounds. As with her earlier effort, McKee co-writes all of the songs while sharing production credits with Bryant McNeil, Gene Lake Jr., and labelmate Raymond Jones of State of Art." McKee scored the music for the well-received cable documentary on the Lower Manhattan African Burial Ground, as well as numerous infomercials. McKee has toured extensively throughout the world singing concert performances, including the JVC Jazz Festival at Carnegie Hall. McKee studied film directing at The New School in New York and apprenticed directing with the filmmaker Spike Lee. McKee also studied singing with Dini Clark and ballet with Sarah Tayir, both in Los Angeles. She also appeared on the CW sitcom The Game as Mrs. Pitts, the mother of Jason (played by Coby Bell), in 2007.

McKee won critical acclaim for her Broadway debut performance in the musical The First in 1981, co-starring in the role of Jackie Robinson's wife Rachel. She became the first African American to play the coveted role of Julie in the Houston Grand Opera's production of Show Boat in 1983 on Broadway, for which she received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical. McKee's tragic portrayal of jazz legend Billie Holiday in the one-woman drama with music, Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill, won critical acclaim, standing ovations, and a 1987 Drama Desk Award nomination (Outstanding Actress in a Musical). She reprised the role of Julie on Broadway in the 1994 revival of Show Boat directed by Hal Prince. In 2012 she starred in New Federal Theatre’s production of Sowa’s Red Gravy.

In 2013, McKee expressed a desire to establish a performance arts center in the New York tri-state area. She performs her one-woman memoir with music on stages throughout the US. She produced her first feature film, Dream Street, which she wrote and directed.

Personal life
McKee has been married once and has no children. She dated the actor and stand-up comedian Freddie Prinze for a time during 1976, while he was still married and after his wife had given birth to their son. McKee was married to Leo Compton, a youth counselor, from February 1983 to 1990. In the mid-1990s, she lived in an Upper East Side brownstone with her companion, the musician Bryant McNeil. They met while they were working together on McKee's Natural Love album. McKee teaches a master acting workshop at Centenary College of New Jersey, where she is an adjunct professor in the Theater Arts department.

Discography

 * Lonette (Sussex, 1974)
 * Words and Music (Warner Bros., 1978)
 * Natural Love (40 Acres and a Mule/Columbia, 1992)

title: Lonette McKee


text:
Wanda Gág

Wanda Hazel Gág (March 11, 1893 – June 27, 1946) was an American artist, author, translator, and illustrator. She is best known for writing and illustrating the children's book Millions of Cats, the oldest American picture book still in print. Gág was also a noted print-maker, receiving international recognition and awards. Growing Pains, a book of excerpts from the diaries of her teen and young adult years, received widespread critical acclaim. Two of her books were awarded Newbery Honors and two received Caldecott Honors. The New York Public Library included Millions of Cats on its 2013 list of 100 Great Children's Books.

Early years
Wanda Hazel Gág was born March 11, 1893, in the German-speaking community of New Ulm, Minnesota, to Elisabeth ( Biebl) Gag and the artist and photographer Anton Gag. The eldest of seven siblings, Wanda was 15 when her father died of tuberculosis. His final words to her were: "Was der Papa nicht thun konnt', muss die Wanda halt fertig machen."

Following his death, the family was on welfare and some townspeople thought that Wanda should quit high school and get a steady job to help support her family. Despite this pressure, Wanda continued with her high school education. While still a teenager her illustrated story Robby Bobby in Mother Goose Land was published in The Minneapolis Journal in their Junior Journal supplement. After graduating in June 1912, she taught country school in Springfield, Minnesota, from November 1912 to June 1913.

Art school
In 1913, Gág began a platonic relationship with University of Minnesota medical student Edgar T. Herrmann who exposed her to new ideas in art, politics and philosophy. With a scholarship (and the aid of friends), she attended The Saint Paul School of Art in 1913 and 1914. From 1914 to 1917 she attended The Minneapolis School of Art under the patronage of Herschel V. Jones. While there, she became friends with Harry Gottlieb and Adolf Dehn. Her first illustrated book commission (as Wanda Gäg) was A Child’s Book of Folk-Lore— Mechanics of Written English by Jean Sherwood Rankin (1917).

New York
In 1917, Gág won a scholarship to the Art Students League of New York where she took classes in composition, etching and advertising illustration. By 1919, Gág was earning her living as a commercial illustrator.

During her time in New York she became a member of the Society of American Graphic Artists. In 1921, she became a partner in a business venture called Happiwork Story Boxes. The boxes were decorated with story panels on its sides. An illustration of Gág's was published in Broom: An International Magazine of the Arts in 1921. Gág's art exhibition in the New York Public Library in 1923 was her first solo show. She began signing her name "Gág" around this time.

In 1924, Gág's work was published in a short-lived folio-style magazine with artist William Gropper. In 1925 she created a series of illustrated crossword puzzles for children that was syndicated in several newspapers. Gág's one-woman-show in the Weyhe Gallery in 1926 led to her being acclaimed as "… one of America’s most promising young graphic artists… " and was the start of a lifelong relationship with its manager, Carl Zigrosser She began to sell her lithographs, linoleum block prints, water colors and drawings through the gallery.

In 1927, her article These Modern Women: A Hotbed of Feminists was published in The Nation, drawing the attention of Alfred Stieglitz and prompting Egmont Arens to write: "The way you solved that problem (her relationship with men) seems to me to be the most illuminating part of your career. You have done what all the other ‘modern women’ are still talking about." Gág’s illustrations were published on the covers of the leftist magazines The New Masses and The Liberator.

In a 1929 New York Times review, Elisabeth Luther Cary described Gág's print Stone Crusher: "Pure imagination leaps out from dusky shadows and terrifies with light, an emotional source difficult to analyze."

For a 1934 auction organized by Langston Hughes to raise funds for the defense of the Scottsboro Boys, Gág contributed an original drawing from ABC Bunny, "'F' is for Frog."

Her work was recognized internationally and was selected for inclusion in the American Institute of Graphic Arts Fifty Prints of the Year in 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1936, 1937 and 1938. Her work was featured in exhibitions at The Whitney Museum of American Art in 1934, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940, and 1941. In 1939 Gág's work was shown at The Museum of Modern Art exhibition Art in Our Time and at the New York World's Fair American Art Today show.

Works for children
In 1927 Gág's illustrated story Bunny's Easter Egg was published in John Martin's Book, a magazine for children. Gág's work caught the attention of Ernestine Evans, director of Coward-McCann's children's book division. Evans was delighted to learn that Gág had children's stories and illustrations in her folio and asked her to submit her own story with illustrations. The result, Millions of Cats, had been developed from a story that Gág had written to entertain the children of friends. It was published in 1928. Anne Carroll Moore wrote: "… It bears all the hallmarks of becoming a perennial favorite among children, and it takes a place of its own, both for the originality and strength of its pictures and the living folk-tale quality of its text. A book of universal interest to children living anywhere in the world… A kinship with all children made her respect their intelligence, and gave them at once ease and joy in her company. With as sure an instinct for the right word for the ear, as for the right line for the eye, Wanda Gág became quite unconsciously a regenerative force in the field of children's books." Millions of Cats won a Newbery Honor award in 1929, one of the few picture books to do so. It is the oldest American picture book still in print. It entered the public domain in the United States in 2024.

In 1935 Gág published the "proto-feminist" Gone is Gone; or, the Story of a Man Who Wanted to Do Housework.

To encourage the reading of fairy-tales, Gág translated and illustrated Tales from Grimm in 1936. English critic Humbert Wolfe, commenting on Gág's translation, wrote: "From the very first page it was clear that Miss Gág was chopping away a perfect brushwood of clumsy phraseology to let in the light." Two years later she translated and illustrated the Grimm story Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in reaction to the "trivialized, sterilized, and sentimentalized" Disney movie version. Her essay I Like Fairy Tales was published in the March 1939 issue of The Horn Book Magazine. More Tales from Grimm was published posthumously in 1947. Four of her translated fairy tales were later released with illustrations by Margot Tomes.

Personal life
Gág enjoyed living and working in the country. In the early 1920s she spent summers drawing at various locations in rural New York and Connecticut. She rented a three-acre farm called "Tumble Timbers" in Glen Gardner, New Jersey, from 1925 to 1930. In 1931 she bought a larger farm she named "All Creation" in Milford, New Jersey. Two of her siblings, Flavia Gág and Howard, lived there with her.

Gág's brother Howard did the hand lettering for Millions of Cats, and The ABC Bunny. Gág encouraged her sister Flavia to create illustrated books for children.

In addition to Earle Humphreys, her long-time paramour and business manager, Gág had, sometimes concurrently, other lovers: Adolph Dehn, Lewis Gannett, Carl Zigrosser, and Dr. Hugh Darby. She married Humphreys on August 27, 1943.

Gág died from lung cancer in New York City, aged 53, on June 27, 1946.

Memorials
Gág was honored by The Horn Book Magazine in a tribute issue in 1947. Her childhood home in New Ulm, Minnesota has been restored and is now the Wanda Gág House, a museum that offers tours and educational programs.

In 1992, Millions of Cats was featured on the television series Shelley Duvall's Bedtime Stories, narrated by James Earl Jones. A bronze sculpture of Gág (with one of her cats) by Jason Jaspersen was erected at the public library of New Ulm, Minnesota, in 2016. In 2017 The Sandbox Theatre in Minneapolis produced In The Treetops, a new play that focused on Gág's childhood years.

Awards
The books Millions of Cats and The ABC Bunny were recipients of a Newbery Honor. Both Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Nothing at All received a Caldecott Honor.

Wanda Gág was posthumously honored with The Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958, and the Kerlan Award in 1977.

In 2018, Gág was posthumously honored with the Original Art Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society of Illustrators.

The Wanda Gág Read Aloud Book Award is awarded each year by the Minnesota State University Moorhead.

Archives
Gág's prints, drawings, and watercolors are in the collections of The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, The Whitney Museum, The Museum of Modern Art, The Philadelphia Museum of Art, and other museums around the world. Gág's papers, manuscripts and matrices are held in the Kerlan Collection at the University of Minnesota, The New York Public Library, The Free Library of Philadelphia and the Minneapolis Institute of Art.

Books
Writer and illustrator:
 * Batiking at Home: a Handbook for Beginners, Coward McCann, 1926
 * Millions of Cats, Coward McCann, 1928
 * The Funny Thing, Coward McCann, 1929
 * Snippy and Snappy, Coward McCann, 1931
 * Wanda Gág’s Storybook (includes Millions of Cats, The Funny Thing, Snippy and Snappy), Coward McCann, 1932
 * The ABC Bunny, Coward McCann, 1933
 * Gone is Gone; or, the Story of a Man Who Wanted to Do Housework, Coward McCann, 1935
 * Growing Pains: Diaries and Drawings for the Years 1908–1917, Coward McCann, 1940
 * Nothing At All, Coward McCann, 1941

Translator and illustrator:
 * Tales from Grimm, Coward McCann, 1936
 * Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Coward McCann, 1938
 * Three Gay Tales from Grimm, Coward McCann, 1943
 * More Tales from Grimm, Coward McCann, 1947

Illustrator only:
 * A Child’s Book of Folk-Lore— Mechanics of Written English, by Jean Sherwood Rankin, Augsburg, 1917
 * The Oak by the Waters of Rowan, by Spencer Kellogg Jr, Aries Press, New York, 1927
 * The Day of Doom, by Michael Wigglesworth, Spiral Press, 1929
 * Pond Image and Other Poems, by Johan Egilsrud, Lund Press, Minneapolis, 1943

Translator only:
 * The Six Swans, illustrations by Margot Tomes, Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1974
 * Wanda Gág's Jorinda and Joringel, illustrations by Margot Tomes, Putnam, 1978
 * Wanda Gag's the Sorcerer's Apprentice illustrations by Margot Tomes, Putnam, 1979
 * Wanda Gag's The Earth Gnome, illustrations by Margot Tomes, Putnam, 1985
 * The Sweet Porridge, illustrations by Jill McDonald [et al.], Methuen Educational, 1966.

Selected prints

 * Airtight Stove, 1933
 * Backyard Corner, 1930
 * Evening, 1929
 * The Forge, 1932.
 * Gumbo Lane, c. 1928
 * Macy’s Stairway, 1940–41
 * Spinning Wheel, 1927
 * Ploughed Fields, 1936
 * Winter Garden, 1936

title: Wanda Gág


text:
Portal talk:Association football

Greetz from Germany
The german Portal Football wish you good luck with your project :). greetz Ureinwohner
 * And french too:, article list: . Bye

Merger proposal
I propose to merge Portal:Women's association football into Portal:Association football. Reasons:
 * It's the same sport, with the same rules. I see no point in dealing in different portals.
 * The merge will be a simple process, the portals have the same sections, it will just be a content copy.
 * Portal:Women's association football does not seem to meet WP:POG and may be nominated for exclusion.

Guilherme Burn (talk) 13:25, 11 July 2019 (UTC)

 * I disagree. It should be kept as it's own. This looks like an attempt to bury or delete info about women footballers. WP:POG needs to be updated. Not sure what you're referring to specifically. Hmlarson (talk) 01:17, 17 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Contrariwise, See, Portal:Association football/Selected biography not display any woman biography. The information from the Portal: Women's association football would be redirected in sequence without any loss of content. And I believe it's a matter of equality lists the stars of the feminine next to the masculine.Guilherme Burn (talk) 11:31, 17 July 2019 (UTC)
 * See also: Portal:English football and Portal:Football in Africa for a few more examples that are separate. If you want to add women to the Association Football portal, go forth. It's already ripe with English men's footballers, but of course could use an update. Hmlarson (talk) 15:50, 17 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Per now, i did the redirects test with five biographies.. See Portal:Association football/Selected biographyGuilherme Burn (talk) 16:39, 17 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Right.... Have you seen the recent page view metrics for the portals? Hmlarson (talk) 17:00, 17 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Soccer portals, that is? Hmlarson (talk) 17:03, 17 July 2019 (UTC)
 * No. I don't understand. What's the point?Guilherme Burn (talk) 17:23, 17 July 2019 (UTC)

❌Guilherme Burn (talk) 16:52, 5 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Don't merge - muddled nomination. Point one is dubious as women's football has its own distinct history including - yes - different rules (shorter matches, smaller balls etc). Point two isn't even an argument because it could be said of anything being merged into anything. Point three appears to be an unsupported argument for deletion, not merger. Your personal beliefs about how best to serve matters of equality on Wikipedia are not particularly relevant either, although I accept you have offered them in good faith. Bring back Daz Sampson (talk) 15:31, 28 July 2019 (UTC)

Games in Reserves/U21/U23
The Reserves/U21/U23-teams are not youth teams. It's senior football. So you have to put them into Senior career. For example Mason_Greenwood, Callum Hudson-Odoi or Wayne Rooney (as you can see it's not a youth team). This games are Senior club appearances, so there is no reason to hide them or to put them into the youth career. --HSV1887 (talk) 10:40, 12 August 2019 (UTC)

Mordechai Spiegler
It remains to be sorted out if the Player is to be called Spiegler or Shpigler. The latter would be afaik the yiddish emulation of the name, which is consistently used in the text. Oalexander (talk) 10:06, 21 February 2020 (UTC)

The bueatiful game of football
How does it make you feel Andrea yolis (talk) 20:13, 10 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Again, article Talk is not a chat forum. David notMD (talk) 03:51, 13 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Association football


text:
Closed-eye hallucination

Closed-eye hallucinations and closed-eye visualizations (CEV) are hallucinations that occur when one's eyes are closed or when one is in a darkened room. They should not be confused with phosphenes, perceived light and shapes when pressure is applied to the eye's retina, or some other non-visual external cause stimulates the eye. Some people report CEV under the influence of psychedelics; these are reportedly of a different nature than the "open-eye" hallucinations of the same compounds. Similar hallucinations that occur due to loss of vision are called "visual release hallucinations".

Levels of CEV perception
There are five known levels of CEV perception which can be achieved either through chemical stimuli or through meditative relaxation techniques. Level 1 and 2 are very common and often happen every day. It is still normal to experience level 3, and even level 4; however, only a small percentage of the population does this without psychedelic drugs, meditation or extensive visualization training.

Level 1: Visual noise
The most basic form of CEV perception that can be immediately experienced in normal waking consciousness involves a seemingly random noise of pointillistic light or dark regions with no apparent shape or order.

This can be seen when the eyes are closed and looking at the back of the eyelids. In a bright room, a dark red can be seen, owing to a small amount of light penetrating the eyelids and taking on the color of the blood it has passed through. In a dark room, blackness can be seen or the object can be more colourful. In either case, it is not a flat unchanging redness/blackness. Instead, if actively observed for a few minutes, one becomes aware of an apparent disorganized motion, a random field of lightness or darkness that overlays the redness or blackness of closed eyelids.

For a person who tries to actively observe this closed-eye perception on a regular basis, there comes a point where if they look at a flat-shaded object with their eyes wide open, and try to actively look for this visual noise, they will become aware of it and see the random pointillistic disorganized motion as if it were a translucent overlay on top of what is actually being seen by their open eyes. When seen overlaid onto the physical world, this CEV noise does not obscure physical vision at all, and in fact is hard to notice if the visual field is highly patterned, complex, or in motion. When active observation is stopped, it is not obvious or noticeable, and seemingly disappears from normal physical perception. Individuals suffering from visual snow syndrome see similar noise but experience difficulty blocking it from conscious perception.

Level 2: Light or dark flashes
Some mental control can be exerted over these closed-eye visualizations, but it usually requires a bit of relaxation and concentration to achieve. When properly relaxed, it is possible to cause regions of intense black, bright white or even colors such as yellow, green, or pink to appear in the noise. These regions can span the entire visual field, but seem to be fleeting in nature.

Level 3: Patterns, motion, and color
This level is relatively easily accessible to people who use psychedelic drugs such as LSD. However, it is also accessible to people involved in deep concentration for long periods of time. When lying down at night and closing the eyes, right before sleep or just before waking up, the complex motion of these patterns can become directly visible without any great effort thanks to hypnagogic hallucination. The patterns themselves might resemble fractals.

Level 4: Objects and things
This is a fairly deep state. At this level, thoughts visually manifest as objects or environments. When this level is reached, the CEV noise seems to calm down and fade away, leaving behind an intense flat ordered blackness. The visual field becomes a sort of active space. A side component of this is the ability to feel motion when the eyes are closed. Opening the eyes returns one to the normal physical world, but still with the CEV object field overlaid onto it and present. In this state, it is possible to see things that appear to be physical objects in the open-eye physical world, but that aren't really there. If we remember that the essential difference between what we call the real world and the world of imagination and hallucination, is not the elements of which we build them up but the sequence in which these elements appear... then it follows that the sequences directed from without represent a limitation of the otherwise unlimited combinations of the selective forms released at random from within.

Level 5: Overriding physical perception
This level can be entered from complete sensory deprivation, as experienced in an isolation tank or deep trance of hypnosis, but even there it requires great relaxation.

According to lucid dreaming researcher Stephen LaBerge, perceptions can come from either the senses or imagination. An inhibitory system involving the thalamus, likely involving serotonergic neurons, inhibits imaginary perceptions from becoming too activated so they turn into hallucinations. This system is inhibited during REM sleep, and the imagination can freely run into the perceptual systems. What happens at level 5 is likely that this system is inhibited, just like in REM sleep, by different causes like sensory deprivation, psychedelic drugs or meditative relaxation techniques.

Afterimage (palinopsia)
Image burn-in occurs when very bright objects lie in one's field of vision, and should not be confused with closed-eye hallucinations. Visual burn-in from bright lights is visible for a few minutes after closing the eyes, or by blinking repeatedly, but the burn-in effect slowly fades away as the retina recovers, whereas the waking-consciousness CEV noise will not disappear if observed continuously over a period of time.

Entoptic phenomena
CEV does not include entoptic phenomena such as "floaters", which are instead caused by opacities in the vitreous humour and often appear as cells or strands in the field of vision. Full-closing and reopening the eyelids creates a very definite wiper-ridge in the tear film that is readily visible. Fully closing and reopening the eyelids also often stirs up the vitreous which settles down after a brief moment due to gravity. The motion of waking-consciousness CEV noise is not so directly and physically controllable and repeatable.

Blue-sky sprites
CEV does not seem to be related to the "sprites" (blue field entoptic phenomenon) that can be seen as dots darting around when staring up into a bright blue sky on a sunny day (not looking at the sun). These dots superimposed over a flat blue background are white blood cells moving through the blood vessels of the retina. The motion of waking-consciousness CEV noise is uniformly random compared to the waking-consciousness blue-sky sprite motion.

Physical retinal stimulation
CEV is unrelated to the visual noise seen when the retina is physically stimulated. The retina can be made to produce light patterns of visual noise simply by one rubbing their eyes somewhat forcefully in a manner that increases intraocular pressure. Additionally, retinal noise can be produced by touching near the rear of the eyeball producing pressure phosphenes (for example, if one closes one's eyes, looks all the way left, and lightly touches the rightmost part of the eye socket, this produces visual noise in the shape of a circle that appears at the left side of the visual field – a practice that is neither painful nor dangerous). None of these are closed-eye hallucinations, but rather the experience of mechanical stimuli distorted into visual stimuli. Thus, pressure phosphenes are sensory distortions, and not hallucinations, as the latter is an unreal perception in the absence of stimuli.

title: Closed-eye hallucination


text:
Likely

Likely may refer to:

 * Probability
 * Likelihood function
 * Likely (surname)
 * Likely, British Columbia, Canada, a community
 * Likely, California, United States, a census-designated place
 * Likely McBrien (1892–1956), leading Australian rules football administrator in the Victorian Football League
 * In the nomenclature of political forecasting, a "likely" seat is one that is predicted, but not definitively, to probably be won by a particular political party

title: Likely


text:
User talk:Pgripp

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --cesarb 21:06, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pgripp