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User talk:Jason.isaacs

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title: User talk:Jason.isaacs


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Talk:Port Chalmers

Untitled
It's a nice place to live, and even better to raise kids in.

 * It's also a nice place to visit (which, as an ODT arts reviewer, I do frequently!) Grutness...  wha?  11:33, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Port Chalmers


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Fortunato Mizzi

Fortunato Mizzi (5 July 1844 – 18 May 1905) was a Maltese lawyer and politician.

Biography
Born of Francesco Mizzi Marianna Galea, Fortunato Mizzi was descendant of an old Italian-Maltese family, whose ancestor Pietro Mizzi emigrated to Gozo from Italy in 1655. Mizzi was a member of the Pro-Italian Maltese community and showed in his political activity strong support toward Italy's Risorgimento and in defence of the official use of the Italian language and of Italian culture in Malta.

Mizzi founded the Partito Anti-Riformista in 1880 and, later, the Partito Nazionale (today's Nationalist Party). he would campaign for a new constitution from the one that was made back in 1849.

Mizzi was instrumental to obtain liberal and progressive constitutional changes for the country during the colonial period, and is credited with starting the process which eventually led to Malta's independence.

In 1871 Fortunato Mizzi married Maria Sofia (Marie Sophie) Folliero de Luna (Marseilles 17-II-1847 - Valletta 5-VIII-1903), daughter of Giuseppe, vice-consul of Naples. They had a son in 1885 by the name of Enrico (Nerik) who in 1950 became Prime Minister of Malta shortly before dying.

Memory
A lapide (plaque) with an epitaph to the memory of Fortunato Mizzi was placed at Mizzi’s former house at 15 Old Mint Street, Valletta, in 1922. The plaque was inaugurated in 1922 by then-Prime Minister Joseph Howard in the presence of Sir Filippo Sciberras, other members of the National Assembly and a very large crowd of supporters. The epitaph, in Italian, mentioned Fortunato Mizzi having lived and died in that house and exalted his many virtues and his dedication towards the national cause. It carried a bronze effigy of Mizzi in a roundel made by the Russian émigré sculptor Boris Edwards.

A bust of Fortunato Mizzi, inaugurated in 1940, can be seen in the Pincio gardens in Rome alongside the one of Pasquale Paoli.

On 8 June 1940 an anti-Italian protest, stirred by the unveiling of the bust of Fortunato Mizzi at the Pincio gardens in Rome the day before, destroyed the plaque in Valletta.

A new lapide to Fortunato Mizzi was prepared in Italy, sculpted by Orlando Paladino Orlandini, made from white travertine marble, measuring 2 x 1.27 metres per 400 kg wight. It carried an identical replica of the epitaph, flanked by two massive fasces, surmounted by a bronze bust of Mizzi. The replica lapide was meant to be placed at the same place in Valletta once the island fell to Italian forces. Italy declared war on Great Britain and France two days after the protests in Valletta. In 1941 the lapide was moved to the Basilica di Santa Croce in Florence for display amongst the memorials of Italy’s great and mighty. It was moved to storage in 1943 and remained there till 2019, when it was gifted to Malta by the Opera di Santa Croce. It is on display at the Malta at War Museum in Birgu.

In the 1950s a third plaque was made to Fortunato Mizzi to replace the one vandalised in 1940 and this remains until today in Old Mint Street, Valletta.

title: Fortunato Mizzi


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Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-05-30/Foundation official positions

The growth of Wikipedia and the other projects of the Wikimedia Foundation has led to several members of the community being given responsibilities and formal recognition, in order to help the Board of Trustees better manage the affairs of the organization.

Last Thursday, Wikimedia Foundation President Jimmy Wales announced the appointment of seven people to official positions in the Foundation. They include:
 * Brion Vibber as Chief Technical Officer
 * Domas Mituzas as Hardware Officer
 * Jens Frank as Developer Liaison
 * Erik Möller as Chief Research Officer
 * Danny Wool as Grants Coordinator
 * Elisabeth Bauer as Press Officer
 * Jean-Baptiste Soufron as Lead Legal Coordinator

Wales said the appointments are "a reflection of the work these people are already doing in these areas". The first four are all MediaWiki developers, for example, and Wool has been spearheading the Foundation's initial efforts in applying for grants.

Most of the positions are newly created, except for that of Developer Liaison, which was previously filled by Tim Starling (see archived story). Wales also confirmed that Daniel Mayer would continue in his role as Chief Financial Officer. All of the positions remain volunteer (although Vibber is employed by the Foundation for other duties).

Additional possible positions
Also under consideration was the possibility of making appointments to handle outside partnerships (Möller had previously been a "Content Partnership Coordinator"), translation efforts, and the role of Quarto editor (which sj has been handling). However, no official positions were created in those areas for the time being.

Christopher Mahan suggested that coordinators were also needed for mediation, mentoring, and government relations. Sj, who had been advocating the formation of "special interest groups" instead of or in addition to having official titles, agreed that government relations needed to be considered. Although the Foundation's ability to pursue political activity is limited (due to its nonprofit status and commitment to the neutral point of view policy), sj pointed out that most governments are involved in education and maintain libraries and archives. Reaching out to these institutions, which have goals similar to Wikimedia projects, would be of considerable interest to the Foundation.

While the notion of special interest groups was not formalized, Wales did express his support for the idea and encouraged people to develop them. As an example of this at work, Chief Research Officer Möller quickly began organizing a research team to study project needs and bridge the gap between developers, the community, and outside researchers.

Also this week: Official positions — Time article — Rock rat — Election — Features — Vandal fighting — Substubs, templates — Trophy — T.R.O.L.L.


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Anti-Nebraska movement

The Anti-Nebraska movement was a political alignment in the United States formed in opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 and to its repeal of the Missouri Compromise provision forbidding slavery in U.S. territories north of latitude 36° 30' N. At the time, the name "Nebraska" could loosely refer to areas west of the Missouri River. The Republican Party grew out of the Anti-Nebraska movement.

History
Most in the anti-Nebraska movement considered the Kansas–Nebraska Act to be a unilateral pro-Southern revision to the supposedly final Compromise of 1850, and a nefarious violation of the terms of the Missouri Compromise. Many were deeply alarmed by the prospect of new slave states being established in northern areas formerly reserved for free white settlers. The issue of not extending slavery into new areas was different from the issue of abolishing slavery in areas where it already existed, and only a minority of Kansas-Nebraska act opponents were abolitionists in the strict sense.

The first prominent public manifestation of opposition to the act was the Appeal of the Independent Democrats in January 1854. This was followed by locally organized "anti-Nebraska" meetings in many parts of the United States. Supporters included members of the Free Soil Party, Conscience Whigs, and anti-slavery-extension Democrats. Some were seeking to organize a new political party devoted to anti-slavery-extension principles, while others did not intend to repudiate their existing political affiliations, but merely wished to ally with those of diverse political views on the single issue of opposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Opinion against the expansion of slavery continued to be politically important in the North after the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed in May 1854 (reinforced when Kansas under the Act became "Bleeding Kansas"). Simultaneously, the Whig Party was disintegrating at the national level, and there was competition between those who wished to take advantage of this situation to organize a major new party based on anti-slavery-extension principles, and those who wished to organize a new party based on anti-immigration and anti-Catholicism. At first in many areas the "American Party" or Know-Nothings seemed to benefit most from the dissolution of the Whigs, but after various complicated political maneuverings (sometimes involving local "fusion ticket" alliances), by 1856 the anti-slavery Republican Party, the organized successor to the anti-Nebraska movement, was one of the two largest parties in the United States (see 1856 United States presidential election).

Salmon Chase was one of the prominent figures in the anti-Nebraska movement. Abraham Lincoln re-entered politics as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (after a period when he devoted himself to his law practice), and was a prominent local anti-Nebraska speaker in central Illinois.

title: Anti-Nebraska movement


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Epineurium

The epineurium is the outermost layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve. It usually surrounds multiple nerve fascicles as well as blood vessels which supply the nerve. Smaller branches of these blood vessels penetrate into the perineurium. In addition to blood vessels which supply the nerve, lymphocytes and fibroblasts are also present and contribute to the production of collagen fibers that form the backbone of the epineurium. In addition to providing structural support, lymphocytes and fibroblasts also play a vital role in maintenance and repair of the surrounding tissues.

When the spinal nerve leaves the vertebral canal via an intervertebral foramen, two layers of the spinal meninges, the arachnoid and the dura invaginate the nerve to form a dural sleeve of connective tissue, which is the epineurium. The outer portion of this sleeve comprises the external epineurium which permits longitudinal nerve excursion and absorption of longitudinal stress. The layer of the epineurium that extends within the nerve to define the fascicles is termed the internal epineurium. Together, these two layers form the epineurium, which varies in thickness along the course of a nerve. The epineurium is usually most abundant around joints, as its function is to protect the nerves from stretching and subsequent injury. Epineurium is primarily made from collagen.

Clinical significance
A common surgical procedure to repair a torn nerve via the epineurium is termed an epineurial repair.

Schwannomas often remain completely encapsulated by the epineurium as they grow.

Epineurial barriers can be used to limit the formation of neuromas after neurotmesis. The epineurium is an effective barrier against axon growth.

title: Epineurium


title: User:Elitejeff123


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Culture of Austria

Austrian culture is characterised by historical and modern influences, including a history of interaction primarily between Celtic, Roman, Slavic and Germanic peoples. Austria is particularly known for its classical music, folk music, baroque architecture, coffee culture, winter sports and Alpine traditions.

Austria is historically a strongly Catholic country, having been the centre of the Habsburg monarchy (1273–1918) which championed Roman Catholicism. Austrian German is the dominant language in Austria, although the region historically had a diverse linguistic landscape.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, Austria was one of the centres of European musical life with the First Viennese School, which is reflected not only in the large number of musicians and composers associated with the country, but also in a large number of opera houses, theatres and orchestras that still exist today, as well as diverse musical traditions such as the Vienna New Year's Concert, numerous festivals and a vibrant cabaret scene.

Music

Vienna, the capital city of Austria, has long been an important centre of musical innovation. Composers of the 18th and 19th centuries were drawn to the city by the patronage of the Habsburgs, and made Vienna the European capital of classical music. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Johann Strauss, Jr., among others, were associated with the city. During the Baroque period, Czech and Hungarian folk forms influenced Austrian music. Vienna's status began its rise as a cultural center in the early 16th century, and was focused around instruments including the lute.

Classical music
During the 18th century, the classical-music era dominated European classical music, and the city of Vienna was an especially important place for musical innovation. Three composers arose, making lasting innovations: Ludwig van Beethoven's symphonic patterns, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's balance between melody and form, and Joseph Haydn's development of the string quartet and sonata.

Vienna Philharmonic

The Musikverein in Vienna is considered to be one of the three finest concert halls in the world and was opened on January 6, 1870. Since 1939, the famous Vienna New Year's Concert of the Vienna Philharmonic is broadcast from its Golden Hall to an audience of one billion in 44 countries. The members of the Vienna Philharmonic, which is regularly considered one of the finest orchestras in the world, are chosen from the orchestra of the Vienna State Opera.

The Vienna Philharmonic can trace its origins to 1842, when Otto Nicolai formed the Philharmonische Academie. This orchestra took all its decisions by a democratic vote of all its members, and these are principles still held today.

Vienna State Opera

The Vienna State Opera, in German called Staatsoper, is one of the most important opera companies in the world. It employs over 1000 people, and in 2008, the annual operating budget of the Staatsoper was 100 million Euros with slightly more than 50% coming in the form of a state subsidy.

It is also venue for the Vienna Opera Ball, an event that takes place on the Thursday preceding Ash Wednesday. The Opera Ball was first held 1936, and has seen up to 12,000 visitors. 180 pairs are opening the ball officially, before the command "Alles Walzer", based on a tradition of Johann Strauss Jr., the dance floor is opened for everyone.

Vienna Boys' Choir

The Vienna Boys' Choir (German: Wiener Sängerknaben) is one of the best known boys' choirs in the world. Known for its exceedingly high vocal standard, the choir has worked with musicians including Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Antonio Caldara, Antonio Salieri and Anton Bruckner.

The choir was established by a letter written by Maximilian I of Habsburg on 30 June 1498. Palais Augarten serves as rehearsal space and boarding school for the boys of the choir.

Schrammelmusik
The most popular form of modern Austrian folk music is Viennese Schrammelmusik, which is played with an accordion and a double-necked guitar. Modern performers include Roland Neuwirth, Karl Hodina, and Edi Reiser.

Yodeling
Yodeling is a type of throat singing that was developed in the Alps. In Austria, it was called juchazn and featured the use of both nonlexical syllables and yells that were used to communicate across mountains.

Austrian folk dancing
Austrian folk dancing is mostly associated with Schuhplattler, Ländler, Polka, or Waltz. However, there are other dances, such as Zwiefacher, Kontratänze, and Sprachinseltänze.

Ländler
The ländler is a folk dance of uncertain origin. Known as a folk song under several names for a long period, it became known as Landl ob der Enns, which was eventually shortened to ländler. The dance became popular in about 1720. It required close contact between members of the opposite sex, and was thus denounced as lustful by some church authorities. Ländlers were brought first to Vienna, and later to places as far away as the Ukraine. The ländler eventually evolved into what is known as the waltz.

Austropop

DJ Ötzi received the Amadeus Austrian Music Award in 2001 and 2002 for being the Austrian artist most successful internationally. The beatboxing group Bauchklang received an Amadeus in 2002 in the category group pop/rock national. Falco, Rainhard Fendrich, André Heller, Georg Danzer and Christina Stürmer all received Amadeus Awards in the category artist pop/rock national.

Austria3 was a conglomerate of three Austrian quite individualist singer-songwriters Wolfgang Ambros, Georg Danzer and Rainhard Fendrich, on stage from 1997 to 2006.

Starting around 2010, the "Neue Österreichische Welle" (New Austrian Wave) is gaining popularity. Its contributors are, for example, Nino Aus Wien, Bilderbuch, Wanda, Kreisky, Voodoo Jürgens, Schmieds Puls. From around 2015 on, the Austrian Cloud Rap scene starts to grow. It is represented most notably by Crack Ignaz and Yung Hurn.

Alpine New Wave
This genre of punk rock, whose name may be shortened to Alpunk, originated in the Alpine regions of Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Alpunk fuses the chaotic, energetic rhythms of punk music with the accordion-based folk music that the region is famous for.

Misconceptions
Apparently, the musical The Sound of Music and the film based on it played a role in shaping how mainly the English speaking world sees Austria in terms of music. It has to be said that some of the arrangements in The Sound of Music have been done for the purpose of art, rather than for the purpose of giving a realistic view on Austrian music culture. So for example there is the view that the song "Edelweiss' is actually the national anthem of Austria, which is not the case. Moreover, the Ländler performed in the movie is not a traditional Ländler.

Literature
Austrian literature can be divided into two main divisions, namely the period up until the mid 20th century, and the period subsequent, after both the Austro-Hungarian and German empires were gone. Austria went from being a major European power, to being a small country. In addition, there is a body of literature that some would deem Austrian but is not written in German.

Complementing its status as a land of artists, Austria has always been a country of great poets, writers, and novelists. It was the home of novelists Arthur Schnitzler, Stefan Zweig, Thomas Bernhard, and Robert Musil, and of poets Georg Trakl, Franz Werfel, Franz Grillparzer, Rainer Maria Rilke, and Adalbert Stifter. Famous contemporary Austrian playwrights and novelists include Elfriede Jelinek and Peter Handke.

Architecture
Austria is famous for its castles, palaces and buildings, among other architectural works. Some of Austria's most famous castles include Festung Hohensalzburg, Burg Hohenwerfen, Castle Liechtenstein, and the Schloß Artstetten. Many of Austria's castles were created during the Habsburg reign.

The Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1996, stating that "Salzburg has managed to preserve an extraordinarily rich urban fabric, developed over the period from the Middle Ages to the 19th century when it was a city-state ruled by a prince-archbishop."

Three years later, the City of Graz - Historic Centre followed Salzburg, as the "old city is a harmonious blend of the architectural styles and artistic movements that have succeeded each other since the Middle Ages, together with cultural influences from the neighbouring regions."

In 2001, finally the Historic Centre of Vienna was listed as World Heritage Site, with the comment that the "historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, as well as the late-19th-century Ringstrasse lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks."

Although not listed as World Heritage Site many other cities in Austria have a well-preserved Historic Centre, such as Linz or Innsbruck.

Cathedrals
Austria is rich in Roman Catholic tradition. One of Austria's oldest cathedrals is the Minoritenkirche in Vienna. It was built in the Gothic style in the year 1224. One of the world's tallest cathedrals, the 136-meter-tall (446-foot-tall) Stephansdom is the seat of the Archbishop of Vienna; the Stephansdom is 107 m long and 34 m wide. The St. Martin's Church in Linz was for a long time the oldest preserved church in Austria (first documented mention in 799); according to recent research, the current floor plan is from the 10th or 11th Century (Romanesque style). The New Cathedral, also located in Linz, is the largest (130 m long, and the ground 5,170 m2) cathedral in Austria.

Palaces
Two of the most famous Austrian palaces are the Belvedere and Schönbrunn. The baroque-style Belvedere palace was built in the period 1714–1723, by Prince Eugene of Savoy, and now is home to the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere. Schönbrunn palace was built in 1696 by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach for Emperor Leopold I; empress Maria Theresa of Austria ordered the palace restyled in Rococo. In 1996, it was added to the United Nations' World Cultural Heritage list.

Cemeteries
Austria is also known for its cemeteries. Vienna has fifty different cemeteries, of which the Zentralfriedhof is the most famous. The Habsburgs are buried in the Imperial Crypt.

Stift Melk

Stift Melk is a Benedictine abbey in the federal state of Lower Austria, overlooking the Danube as it flows through the Wachau Valley. The abbey was formed in 1089 on a rock above the city of Melk.

Semmering Railway
The Semmering Railway, a famous engineering project constructed in the years 1848–1854, was the first European mountain railway built with a standard-gauge track. Still fully functional, it is now part of the Austrian Southern Railway. It was appointed a World Heritage Site in 1998.

Vienna Secession
The Vienna Secession was part of a varied movement around 1900 that is now covered by the general term Art Nouveau.

Major figures of the Vienna Secession were Otto Wagner, Gustav Klimt, Egon Schiele, and Koloman Moser.

Comics
Tobias Seicherl drawn by Viennese caricaturist and cartoonist Ladislaus Kmoch, can be regarded as the first continental European daily comic strip. The comic appeared in the Austrian tabloid 'Das Kleine Blatt' (1930–1940) and was very popular.

New Media: Ars Electronica

The Prix Ars Electronica is a major award in the field of electronic and interactive art, computer animation, digital culture and music. Since 1987, this award has been given by Ars Electronica, one of the world's major centers for art and technology, which in turn was founded in 1979 in Linz, Austria. The connected museum is the six floor Ars Electronica Center.

Cinema
In the silent movie era, Austria was one of the leading producers of movies. Many of the Austrian directors, actors, authors and cinematographers also worked in Berlin. The most famous was Fritz Lang, the director of Metropolis. Following the Anschluss, the German annexation of Austria in 1938, many Austrian directors emigrated to the United States, including Erich von Stroheim, Otto Preminger, Billy Wilder, Hedy Lamarr, Mia May, Richard Oswald and Josef von Sternberg. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Franz Antel was a prolific director of popular comedies. New, younger directors emerged from the 1970s to the 1990s, among them Axel Corti, Michael Haneke, Ulrich Seidl, Michael Glawogger, Barbara Albert, and Götz Spielmann.

Transhumance in the Alps

Alpine pastures amount to a quarter of the farmland in Austria, where around 500,000 cattle were taken care of by 70,000 farmers at 12,000 sites.

Rearing cattle involving seasonal migration between valley and high pastures has shaped a lot of landscape in the Alps, as without it, most areas below 2000 m would be forests.

Pre-Christian Alpine traditions

Some pagan customs survived only in the remote valleys inaccessible to the Roman Catholic Church's influence, other customs were actively assimilated over the centuries. One example is the Perchta, a goddess in Southern Germanic paganism in the Alpine countries, whose name means The Shining One. The Perchta welcome spring time during Fastnacht.

Austrian German
Schoolchildren in Austria are taught to read and write in Standard German (Standarddeutsch, Hochdeutsch) which is the language of business and government in Austria. The Austrian German spoken at home and in local commerce will be one of a number of regional Upper German dialects (either Austro-Bavarian or Alemannic dialects).

While strong forms of the various dialects are not normally comprehensible to other native German speakers such as Germans or Swiss, there is virtually no communication barrier between the Austro-Bavarian dialects in Austria and those in Bavaria, Germany. The Central Austro-Bavarian dialects are more intelligible to speakers of Standard German than the Southern Austro-Bavarian dialects of Tyrol. Viennese, the Austro-Bavarian dialect of Vienna, is most frequently used in Germany for impersonations of the typical inhabitant of Austria. The people of Graz, the capital of Styria, speak yet another dialect which is not very Styrian and more easily understood by people from other parts of Austria than other Styrian dialects, e.g. from western Styria. As for Western Austria, the dialect of the state of Vorarlberg and of a small part of North Tyrol has linguistically and culturally more in common with German-speaking Switzerland and Baden-Württemberg or Swabia in Southwest Germany as it is an Alemannic dialect like Swiss German or Swabian German.

Official minority languages and their influence
As part of its historic cultural heritage of being a multinational state for centuries (Habsburg monarchy, Austrian Empire, later Austria-Hungary), modern Austria is not entirely homogenously German-speaking, but has within its borders, albeit small, autochthonous minorities of different native tongue: Hungarian is the most widely spoken of the recognized minority languages spoken in Austria (mostly in Burgenland, where it is an official language, and in Vienna; about 40,000 speakers (0.5% of the Austrian population)). Slovene (24,000) has the same status in Carinthia and Styria. The same is true for Burgenland Croatian (19,000), a variant of Croatian spoken in Burgenland. Furthermore, Czech (18,000), Slovak (10,000) and Romani (6,000) are recognized on the basis of minority rights protection.

Austrian German, especially the Viennese dialect, has taken over some words from Hungarian, Czech, Yiddish or some South Slavic languages to replace words otherwise used in Standard German (such as Maschekseitn (the other side), from the Hungarian a másik (the other one), Standard German die andere Seite).

Food

Austrian cuisine, which is often incorrectly equated with Viennese cuisine, is derived from the cuisine of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In addition to native regional traditions it has been influenced above all by Hungarian, Czech, Jewish and Italian cuisines, from which both dishes and methods of food preparation have often been borrowed. Goulash is one example of this. Austrian cuisine is known primarily in the rest of the world for its pastries and sweets. In recent times a new regional cuisine has also developed which is centred on regional produce and employs modern and easy methods of preparation.

Every state in Austria has some specialities: In Lower Austria they have poppies, in Burgenland polenta, in Styria pumpkin, in Carinthia's many lakes they have fish, in Upper Austria, dumpling play a vital role, for Salzburg the Salzburger Nockerln are famous (a Soufflé), Tyrol has their tyrolean bacon, and Vorarlberg is influenced by the close neighbors Switzerland and the Swabia region in Germany, thus cheese plays a role and cheesy Swabian Spätzle are a specialty there.

Viennese cuisine

Vienna has been the capital of Austria for more than a thousand years. It became the cultural centre of the nation and developed its own regional cuisine; as such, Viennese Cuisine bears the unique distinction of being the only kind of cooking named after a city.

The variety of ingredients sold on the Naschmarkt might lead to the thought of a broadly varied cooking culture. In fact, dishes heavily depending on meat make up typical Viennese cuisine: Wiener schnitzel (veal coated in breadcrumbs and fried), Tafelspitz (boiled beef), Beuschel (a ragout containing veal lungs and heart), and Selchfleisch (smoked meat) with sauerkraut and dumplings are typical of its cooking.

Some sweet Viennese dishes include Apfelstrudel (strudel pastry filled with apples), Millirahmstrudel (milk-cream strudel), Kaiserschmarrn (shredded pancakes served with fruit compotes), and Sachertorte (cake of two layers of chocolate cake with apricot jam in the middle). These and many other desserts will be on offer at one of the many Konditorei of Vienna, where they are generally eaten with coffee in the afternoon.

Liptauer as a spread, or Powidl also as spread or base for dumplings are also quite popular.

Viennese café

The culture of coffee houses in the West began in Austria and remains a fixture of its culture. Much of the reputation these achieved during the turn of the 19th century resulted when writers like Peter Altenberg, Karl Kraus, Hermann Broch and Friedrich Torberg decided to use them as places of work and socializing. Celebrated Austrian writer Peter Altenberg is rumoured to have given "Wien 1, Café Central" as his private address, as he spent so much time in Café Central. Artists, thinkers, and political radicals of the period such as Arthur Schnitzler, Stefan Zweig, Egon Schiele, Gustav Klimt, Adolf Loos, Theodor Herzl, and even Leon Trotsky were regular coffee house patrons.

Austrian wine
Austria has a long winemaking tradition and produces both white and red varieties. Evidence of wine in urns in the area of Zagersdorf in Burgenland dates viticulture back to 700 B.C.

Austria has over 50,000 hectares of vineyard, almost all of it in the east or southeast of the country. Many of the approximately 20,000 small wine-producing estates base their finances on their direct retail of wine. Due to a decree that goes back to the so-called Maria Theresianische Buschenschankverordnung from 1784, a vintner can sell his own wine in his own house without any dedicated license to do so.

The Grüner Veltliner is the dominant grape varietal cultivated in Austria, and the dry white wines produced from this grape have gained international recognition.

Austrian beer
There are many different types of Austrian beer to be found. One of the most common brands of beer to be found in Austria is Stiegl, founded in 1492.

Sports
Common sports in Austria are football (soccer), skiing, and ice hockey. Since Austria straddles the Alps, it is a prime location for skiing. Austria is the leading nation in the Alpine Skiing World Cup (consistently winning the largest number of points of all countries) and also strong in many other winter sports such as ski jumping. Austria's national ice hockey team ranks 13th in the world.

Austria (particularly Vienna) also has an old tradition in football, even though, since World War II, the sport has more or less been in decline in the country. The Austrian Championship (originally only limited to Vienna, as there were no professional teams elsewhere), has been held since 1912. The Austrian Cup has been held since 1913. The Austria national football team has qualified for the FIFA World Cup seven times, but did not qualify for a European Championship, until the 2008 tournament when it qualified as co-hosts with Switzerland. The governing body for football in Austria is the Austrian Football Association.

The first official world chess champion, Wilhelm Steinitz was from the Austrian Empire.

Also, Vienna is well known for the Spanish Riding school, where skilled riders ride Lipizzaner horses in difficult poses and dances.

Education

Empress Maria Theresa instituted the "General School Regulations, in 1774", creating the Austrian educational system. Eight-year compulsory education was introduced in 1869. Currently, compulsory schooling lasts nine years.

Four years of elementary school (Volksschule for ages 6–10) are followed by secondary education in a Hauptschule, or the first four years of Gymnasium as intermediate school. It has to be noted that in particular in the rural areas, there is quite often no gymnasium available, so everyone attends the hauptschule.

After the age of 14, students make their first major choice about their educational path, regardless of what school they have attended until then. They can choose to spend a year at polytechnic school, which qualifies them for vocational school as part of an apprenticeship, or they can go to the Höhere Technische Lehranstalt (HTL), which are technically orientated higher colleges and a unique feature of the Austrian educational system. Completing the HTL gives the graduate the right to use the title "Ing." (Engineer) alongside their name. Another option is the Handelsakademie which focuses on accounting and business administration. Finally, students may opt to attend Gymnasium, which ends with the Matura exam, and leads to further education at a university. There are a couple of other school types not mentioned here.

An alternative to university is the Austrian Fachhochschule, which is more practically oriented than a university but also leads to an academic degree. As part of the Bologna process, both the education at universities as well as at the Fachhochschulen changes.

Federal laws enforce uniformity across provinces throughout the educational system.

All state-run schools are free of charge. The largest university is the University of Vienna.

Religion
As in 2001 about 73.6% of the native population identify themselves as Roman Catholic, while 4.7% consider themselves Protestant. Some 400,000 Austrians are members of diverse Muslim communities, about 180,000 are members of the Eastern Orthodox Church, about 10,000 are Buddhist and about 7,300 are Jewish. Prior to the Holocaust, about 200,000 Jews lived in Austria.

About 12% of the population does not belong to any church or religious community.

Public holidays
Since Roman Catholicism is the predominant Christian denomination in Austria, most of the public holidays are Catholic ones. At the same time, and in contrast to Switzerland or Germany, Good Friday is a public holiday not just for Catholics, but for all citizens belonging to any denomination that observes Good Friday.

Although most holidays in Austria are defined in the federal labour law (Arbeitsruhegesetz), some are due to other sources of law such as social partnership collective contracts (see: Austria's "social partnership"). Due to the special emphasis that the Austrian labour law puts on the collective contract, in Austria such contracts are not limited to members of the union that negotiated the contract. This means that the collective contract is actually more like a law than a union agreement.

In addition to national holidays, some holidays are defined on a state-by-state basis. Abbreviations for the Austria states are described in States of Austria.

Easter Sunday and Whitsun are not listed below, since these will always by definition fall on a Sunday and are therefore already regulated by Sunday laws.

(CC) day off or partly day off due to collective contract (German: Kollektivvertrag)

1) Holiday according to the federal labor law, but applies only to the followers of the Reformed churches and Lutheran Church, the Old Catholic Church and the Methodist Church.

2) If 8 December is a working day, employees may work in shops.

3) Until 2003 it was also a holiday in Upper Austria.

4) A holiday only since 2004.

5) Holidays by state law, primarily affecting schools and state offices.

6) The total number of holidays that apply for all employees is 13, or 12, if 2) applies.

title: Culture of Austria


text:
Talk:Type 100 submachine gun

Meaning of Nambu
Please explain what "Nambu" in the calibre description means; here and in some other articles. mikka (t) 01:03, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

If you're still curious, I think it has to do with who produced it, or something along those lines. Yolo McSwagginz93 (talk) 23:38, 17 July 2016 (UTC)

Only SMG?
The sentence stating that the type 100 was the only smg produced by japan in any quantity is false, there was also the Type II machine pistol —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.179.244.148 (talk) 23:09, 8 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, in this context "any quantity" does not mean any quantity, it means a quantity that would actually be militarily significant, sufficient numbers to see meaningful employment.172.190.126.45 (talk) 07:27, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

Incorrect Rate of Fire
Instead of 450 RPM, Early model should have 700 RPM. According to this https://www.imfdb.org/wiki/Talk:Type_100_Submachine_Gun WWIIEnjoyer (talk) 13:24, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Type 100 submachine gun


text: File:Metal mickey.jpg

title: File:Metal mickey.jpg


text:
Radio with Pictures

Radio with Pictures was an early music video programme, airing on New Zealand broadcaster TV2 (later South Pacific Television) from 1976 to 1989. "RadPix" aired as a weekly, late night series featuring adult and alternative music.

History
In 1976, TV2 producer Peter Grattan coordinated pop clips being supplied for no charge by record companies, some of them being unsuitable for the children's or prime time schedule (from artists such as The Tubes, Sex Pistols, Stranglers, etc.) With over sixty "unusable" pop clips, Grattan proposed a late night "radio with pictures" concept to then-Head of Programmes Kevan Moore. Moore was a former producer of The C'mon Show, a popular music series in the 1960s, and had included pop clips in that program.

The concept was approved and the first thirteen half-hour episodes aired from September through December 1976. RadPix had no budget and thus no host; instead, imaginative Terry Gilliam-style graphics linked the various pop clips (in later series, similar graphics, by Fane Flaws, were used as part of the opening credits). The first clip to play was Steve Miller's "Fly Like an Eagle" and the first show also featured New Zealand band Red Hot Peppers (not to be confused with the Red Hot Chili Peppers). Subsequently, a NZ-based act was featured every week and to end the first series, Grattan produced a Keepin' It Kiwi special with ten NZ acts. RadPix also became an avenue for international acts such as Bob Marley, Little Feat, Blondie and Rainbow to gain fans, promote tours and sell records.

RadPix eventually achieved cult status, and record companies also took note: artists aired on RadPix would often see substantially increased sales. Also watching was Mike Nesmith (of The Monkees fame); in November 1976, he saw the show in a motel while on a solo NZ tour. Seeing the concept's potential, he returned to America and shared the idea with Robert Pittman. The result was, ultimately, MTV.

But in 1977, four years prior to MTV, the now popular RadPix had been allocated a small budget with producer Alan Thurston (died 2008) and its first presenter. Barry Jenkin, whose profile in New Zealand was comparable to John Peel in the UK, was passionate about the new, emerging sounds of the day. (e.g.: Neil Young: "Like a Hurricane".) It echoed the work he had been doing on his NZ radio broadcast (on Radio Hauraki). With his encyclopedic knowledge of rock and his signature "Good evening citizens" introduction, Barry Jenkin (Dr. Rock) helped give the show an alternative edge, cemented later by the arrival of punk rock, the audience for which was fanatical. Jenkin was sometimes noticeably unhappy on air when introducing clips which he believed were unsuitable for the show, particularly anything he perceived to be "too commercial".

Later producers' aims were to maximize viewers and thus ensure the series' longevity and so clips by acts like Sweet, Rod Stewart and Suzi Quatro were included. However, clips by ABBA, The Bay City Rollers and Leif Garrett were not. Later, the program expanded on the genres played, and gradually the "alternative" music itself became in a sense "more mainstream". In the 1980s, production moved from Auckland to Wellington, thus requiring new hosts: Phil O'Brien, Karyn Hay, Dick Driver and new producers; Tony Holden, then Peter Blake, Simon Morris, Brent Hansen who later became President of MTV Europe in the 1990s. Dick (Richard) Driver directed RadPix in its final years from 1986 to 1989 (replacing Hay), having been its host following his role as singer in the band Hip Singles (1982). He later became a successful independent producer of factual programmes, including Give it a Whirl, a six-part documentary series documenting the history of New Zealand popular music as well as Music Nation and Chart. In 2006 he launched the Documentary Channel on the Sky Pay TV platform. In December 2010 he sold the channel to BBC Worldwide.

Before stereo television broadcasts were commonly available, a simulcast was available on the student radio stations which are now known as b.net. In 1986, a dispute between TVNZ and RIANZ (The Recording Industry Association of NZ) contributed to the demise of RadPix, as RIANZ moved to initiate a "pay to play" rule for pop clips. TVNZ refused to pay, reasoning that the record companies benefited from the free TV exposure. The impasse was finally resolved, but in the meantime RadPix had been taken off air. The show returned to the airwaves at the end of 1986 with Dick Driver hosting, until it was cancelled again in 1989. It was revived briefly in 1990 by the original producer, Peter Grattan, when he became TVNZ's Head of Entertainment (1989–92).

Legacy
Radio with Pictures championed New Zealand music for over a decade, giving dozens of "kiwi" acts valuable television exposure.

Other notable TVNZ pop clip shows have included Ready To Roll (1976-1990s) and SHAZAM! (1982–1988), the first host of which was British TV host Phillip Schofield.

title: Radio with Pictures


text: User talk:81.196.155.112

title: User talk:81.196.155.112


text:
Cliff jumping

Cliff diving is the leaping off a cliff edge, usually into a body of water, as a form of sport. It may be done as part of the sport of coastal exploration or as a standalone activity. Particular variations on cliff jumping may specify the angle of entry into the water or the inclusion or exclusion of human-made platforms or other equipment. Cliff diving and its close relative tombstoning are specific to water landing (with diving usually implying a head-first entry and tombstoning implying a feet-first entry). Cliff jumping with the use of a parachute would typically be classified as a form of BASE jumping.

Cliff jumping has inherent dangers due to the high velocity that can be attained during a long fall and multiple cliff jumping deaths are reported every year.

In 2015 a world record for cliff jumping was set by Laso Schaller, with a jump of 58.8 m (193 ft).

Tombstoning
Tombstoning is a form of cliff jumping popular in the United Kingdom characterized by upright vertical position of the body as it enters the water, and the activity's name derives from a similarity between this posture and the form of a tombstone.

Platform jumping
At alternative to a cliff as a launch point is a human-made platform. Jumping platforms may purpose built or improvised, but they may also be repurposed existing infrastructure such as a railway bridges.

Art

In the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing, there is a wall painting from around 530 to 500 BCE that shows a person climbing rocks towards a cliff face and a second person diving down the cliff face towards water.

The Tomb of the Diver in Paestum, contains a fresco dating to around 500 to 475 BCE that also shows a person diving into a pool or stream of water from a structure.

Injuries and deaths
In the UK between 2004 and 2008, cliff jumping lead to 139 incidents in which a rescue or emergency response was required. Spinal injuries occurred with 20% of these, and 12 people died. In the UK between 2005 and 2015 there were 83 people injured and 20 people who died whilst cliff jumping.

In recent years, injuries and deaths related to cliff jumping has increased calls for responses from local authorities and emergency services. A reaction to serious injuries and deaths at one popular tombstoning site, Plymouth Hoe, has led to the dismantling of seafront diving boards and closure of parts of the waterfront to discourage the activity.

Impact with water
Water resistance increases with the speed of entry, so entering the water at high-velocity induces rapid and potentially dangerous deceleration. Jumping from a height of 20 feet (6.1 m) results in a person impacting with the water surface at 25 mph (40 km/h). Impacting with the water surface at this velocity is capable of giving a person temporary paralysis of the diaphragm, a compressed spine, broken bones, or concussion. Jumping from a height of 10 metres results in a person impacting with the water surface at 35 mph and if a person hits the water flat from 10 metres they are brought to rest in about 30 cm (1 ft). The deceleration from hitting the water flat from 10 metres can cause severe bruising both internally and externally, strains to connective tissue securing the organs and possible minor hemorrhaging to lungs and other tissues, possibly resulting in a person coughing up blood.

It was commented that in 1989 a 22 year-old, who was a "...diver and a member of the Salt Lake Country Club diving team... ...climbed up on a set of towering rocks... ...about 60 feet..." (18.2 metres). The 22 year old then dove into the water doing a "back flip." The 22 year-old never surfaced from the water and they were found several days later 120 feet under the water. The 22 year-old was found to have received a broken neck.

Before jumping from a cliff or platform a person may take a running approach and then jump into the water and the speed gained from a running approach will increase the speed that a person reaches at the water surface.

Cold water shock
Cold water shock response occurs through the "rapid cooling of the skin and includes a gasp response followed by uncontrollable hyperventilation—obvious precursors to drowning."

A person can die when they aspirate into their lungs 22 ml of sea water per kilo of body mass. For a person weighing 70kg, death can occur when they aspirate one and a half litres of sea water, described as being "...one large inspiration."

For fresh water a person can die when they aspirate 44 ml per kg of fresh water. For a person weighing 70kg death can occur when they aspirate three litres of fresh water.

It was also commented that "Cold water shock causes the blood vessels in the skin to close, which increases the resistance of blood flow. Heart rate is also increased. As a result the heart has to work harder and your blood pressure goes up." Further that this "...rise in cardiac output and blood pressure can precipitate cardiovascular difficulties... [and] ...In such cases, survival time can be measured in seconds rather than hours."

It has further been commented that "Cold water shock can therefore cause heart attacks, even in the relatively young and healthy."

In relation to cold water shock and sea tempartures it has been commented that "Anything below 15°C is defined as cold water and can seriously affect your breathing and movement... Average UK and Ireland sea temperatures are just 12°C."

It has been commented that "In the 1950s, scientists examined why English Channel swimmers could spend 12–20 h swimming in 12–15°C water, while estimated survival time in these temperatures was in the region of 6 h." and that "...this unusual capability of outdoor swimmers to endure cold water has been attributed to large deposits of subcutaneous fat and a high level of physical fitness; however, these swimmers can also habituate themselves by repeated immersions in cold water." and that the "...cold shock response can be reduced by 50% in as few as six 2-min cold immersions..." whilst the "Habituation of the shivering response needs longer immersions (>30 min)."

Impact with submerged objects or terrain
Submerged objects also pose a direct risk to jumpers, who may sustain severe physical trauma upon colliding with them, or risk becoming entangled and unable to surface. A too-shallow lakebed or seabed can also cause impact injury. In ocean conditions, tides can greatly affect water depth.

Currents
As with any other water-based activity, strong currents can make timely exit from the water impossible.

Popular cliff jumping locations

 * Ponte Brolla, Switzerland
 * Playa Forti, Curaçao
 * Diving Board Island, Bermuda
 * South Point, Hawaii, United States
 * Negril, Jamaica
 * Possum Kingdom Lake, Texas, United States
 * Clarence Cove, Bermuda
 * Nusa Lembongan, Bali
 * Laie Point, Hawaii, United States
 * Amoudi Bay, Greece

title: Cliff jumping


text:
Talk:Family members of a traitor to the Motherland

It was signed by Nikolai Yezhov acting both as chief of NKVD and General Commissar of State Security (KGB).

General Commissar of State Security was not - KGB, it was top rank in NKVD's - GUGB - Main Directorate of State Security !!!!!!!!!!!!!

In many articel's Cheka/GPU/OGPU/NKVD/GUGB/NKGB/MGB/MVD it become (call as) - KGB.

 * Thanx. Fixed.mikka (t) 01:41, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

For all the excitement, this law only lasted slightly over 1 year. I wish all goffy laws were corrected this quickly.

after the verdict
''The order had elements of humanism: wives with breast-fed children, ill or with ill children were not arrested. They were moved to labor camps later: breast-feeders after the verdict, those with illness after the recovery.''

What? Don't you mean after the children are weaned? njaard 05:19, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

 * The order had elements of humanism'' is simply cynical. --85.179.64.123 (talk) 14:23, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

Requested move 21 May 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: No consensus to move the article has been established within the RM time period and thus defaulting to not moved. — Music1201  talk  02:23, 11 June 2016 (UTC)

Family members of traitors of the Motherland → NKVD Order No. 00486 – Current title is a malicious Soviet NKVD propaganda term which does not reflect the true nature of what the operation was all about. Criminal Code of the RSFSR from 1934 (!) is not neutral per our own WP:NEUTRALITY policy guideline. The term "traitors of the Motherland" was invented in 1934 for the purpose of mass persecution of targeted groups of Soviet citizens. We do not define crimes of the Stalinist period using nomenclature provided by the perpetrators themselves. We use reliable third-party sources which offer terms that are commonly used today. Please consult out policy guidelines about this particular WP:NPOV breach (quote): "Avoid judgmental and non-neutral words".  Poeticbent  talk 16:03, 21 May 2016 (UTC) -- Relisting.   Anarchyte  ( work  |  talk )   04:11, 29 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Support as nominator. NKVD Order no. 00486 was the original title of this article.  Poeticbent  talk 13:24, 27 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Support restoring the original title. I agree no reason here to promote Stalinist phraseology into article titles, unless it is an established term, such as "kulak". However I disagree about leaving no redirects. The term is widely used in memoirs and historical literature about the period (at least in Russian), however in is often given in "scary quotes", to imply "not really". - üser:Altenmann >t 16:17, 21 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Changed my opinion. See below. - üser:Altenmann >t 15:53, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Accordingly, the article must be rewritten, since it was expanded with a sloppy original research. It particular "family members of..." was not a "clause" in Article 58 of 1934: they were simply mentioned in Clause 58.1. - üser:Altenmann >t 16:28, 21 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose moving to NKVD Order No. 00486. As the lead of the article says, these clauses originated in 1922 before the NKVD was even created.  That they were somewhat revised and reissued by the NKVD 15 years later, doesn't really make the NKVD order the whole story.   Hence using NKVD as the title of the article seems to make little sense.  Also the article is only speaking to a small part of the NKVD directive, rather than the whole order, so the article would need to be expanded/rewritten to fit that title.  That said, the current title is also rather awkward.  I think ideally the current content would be merged/expanded into a larger context, and presented as something like Legal guilt by association in early Soviet Russia, but obviously that doesn't exist right now.  If someone can come up with a better title, I'd be willing to entertain that, but I don't think the NKVD suggestion works.  Dragons flight (talk) 07:14, 27 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Executed men were not "traitors of the Motherland". This politically-charged clause used by the NKVD was a lie (which is historically proven). – When and how this phrase was 'invented' is of little relevance. We don't use lies as WP article WP:TITLES. The women and children were dealt with using NKVD Order No. 00486 which introduced a new category of inmates, and established the terms of "at least 5–8 years" punishment by association at the Gulag. – What you're proposing (above) is a good rationale for a brand new article called "Legal guilt by association in Soviet Russia". Great Purge did not take place in "early" Soviet Russia. It took place from 1936 to 1938. Meanwhile, "Legal guilt by association" affected the entire Soviet society for many years to come. You're free to start such article from scratch.  Poeticbent  talk 13:24, 27 May 2016 (UTC)
 * For what it is worth, in my head, I was thinking roughly up to WW2 as the "early" Soviet Era, and hence I would have included the Purge. As for the rest, I still don't agree.  Assuming "traitors of the Motherland" is an accurate translation of the term used at the time, I don't see a major problem using that terminology in discussion of the laws and purges.  This is similar to discussing the witch trials.  I don't think anyone really believes that the various women condemned as witches were actually practicing evil magic, but it would be silly to ignore the terms used by prosecuting authorities.  That said, I don't think the current title is a particularly good one, but the NKVD title still seems worse to me.  If you want to suggest another option, or find ways to merge this into a larger context, then please do.  Dragons flight (talk) 15:06, 27 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose per Dragons flight. This appears to be a WP:COMMONNAME issue as well. I seriously doubt whether the proposed title is the common name for this topic.  InsertCleverPhraseHere  05:44, 29 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Comment: "NKVD Order No. 00486" may not be helpful as too intricate. Are "traitors of the Motherland" supposed to be "enemies of the people"? If yes, then perhaps Repressions against families of "enemies of the People" (with quotation marks) may be more recognisable to a casual reader. It also avoids sounding like a piece of Stalinist propaganda. Another option is "Family members of traitors of the Motherland" decree, with the same intention of pointing out the official wording as "non Wikipedia voice". K.e.coffman (talk) 09:12, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Support alternative name Repressions against families of "enemies of the People" with quotation marks (!) similar to Wikipedia article "Polish death camp" controversy whereas the quotation marks serve as indicator of naming ambivalence. Here's a book-title example of the same treatment: “Enemies of the People” Under the Soviets by Peter Julicher, McFarland, 2015.  Poeticbent  talk  14:18, 31 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Support, on second thought, as the current article name is problematic for POV reasons, as I mentioned above. "NKVD Order No. 00486" is neutral and the topic is probably obscure enough that it does not matter that much. K.e.coffman (talk) 09:36, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose. No one knows what " NKVD Order No. 00486" is. Current name on ruwiki is "Член семьи изменника Родины", which is proper name in Russian. Current title is literally a translation of that title. However, an alternative naming/translation as Repressions against families of enemies of the people could also be fine. The proposed renaming will make finding this page significantly more difficult for anyone who is interested in this subject. I barely could find it when it had such name long time ago. My very best wishes (talk) 12:38, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Comment' Let me clarify the logic I applied when I created the article. The subject of my original article was the NKVD order, and not the category of people (in the classification of the Soviet law). These are two separate subjects. The second subject deserves its own article. There is much to write about the fate of "ChSIR". Unfortunately I didnt have much energy to cover the topic. The current article contains some hints. Therefore it may be reasonable to keep a single article for now. In such a case I would agree that a more general, descriptive title will be reasonable, such as Members of families of politically repressed in the Soviet Union. - üser:Altenmann >t 15:53, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Please take a second look at options already on the table. Adding yet another alternative might not be descriptive enough. The article is about not just "Members of families" but "Repressed members of families" ... of "politically repressed members of families" not necessarily "politically" in every respect. There's only so much we can say in WP:TITLE per Wikipedia policy guidelines. Thanks,  Poeticbent  talk 16:26, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I would suggest Traitor of Motherland family members. Try Google search. My very best wishes (talk) 18:57, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Comment: the discussion is possibly bogging down in too many alternatives, for a start-class article. I'd suggest going with the neutral "NKVD Order No. 00486" and then revisiting when the article is fleshed out. I think the main objective should be to get rid of this "terminally injured" term, presented in Wikipedia voice. K.e.coffman (talk) 19:46, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * No, this article is actually on a different subject because it tells not about "NKVD Order No. 00486", but about common practice established by several NKVD orders dated by years 1922, 1934, 1936, 1938 and 1942 (I just made an edit to clarify it). BTW, this term, as appears in the corresponding page of ruwiki ("Член семьи изменника Родины", or in NKVD abbreviation, "ЧC"/"ЧСИР") is perfectly neutral and "official". My very best wishes (talk) 19:58, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * P.S. See most famous labor camp from this category, ru:Акмолинский_лагерь_жён_изменников_Родины, we need such page on English WP. My very best wishes (talk) 22:39, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Just found another book reference . Based on the book, this should be probably written as "Traitor to the Motherland family members". My very best wishes (talk) 13:52, 1 June 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

History section
It seems that the initial version or article 58 did not include anything about automatic/obligatory arrest of members of the family. This appears only in 1934. Should be fixed. My very best wishes (talk) 18:00, 1 June 2016 (UTC)

Requested move June 11 2016
Take two: we all know now a vast majority of them were not really traitors. Therefore, similar to "Polish death camp" controversy title, I'd like to suggest the title Family members of "traitors to the Motherland", which IMO a better description of the subject. - üser:Altenmann >t 06:39, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Support, as a good solution to avoid having an POV article name, per "Polish death camp" controversy. K.e.coffman (talk) 07:17, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Support.  Poeticbent  talk 13:54, 12 June 2016 (UTC)


text:
Boys (Britney Spears song)

"Boys" is a song by American singer Britney Spears from her self-titled third studio album (2001). It was written and produced by Chad Hugo and Pharrell Williams (known collectively as The Neptunes). A version of the song titled "The Co-Ed Remix" and featuring guest vocals from Williams was released as the fifth single from Britney on June 24, 2002. The new version also served as the second single from the soundtrack of Austin Powers in Goldmember. "Boys" is a R&B and hip hop song, including funk influences. The remix carries a slower tempo than the album version, and both versions were noted by critics to be reminiscent of music by American artist Janet Jackson. Some critics praised Spears and Williams' chemistry, as well as the production on the track, while others did not think the song worked well.

While the song did not perform well on the Billboard charts in the United States, it reached the top ten on the Belgian charts and in Ireland and the United Kingdom, and charted in the top 20 in Australia, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark. The song would later be certified gold in Australia. The song's accompanying music video, directed by Dave Meyers, was nominated at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Video from a Film. The clip features Spears and Williams at a party. Spears has performed "Boys" a number of times including at the 2002 NBA All-Star Game, on Saturday Night Live, and on several of her concert tours.

Background
"Boys" was originally recorded by Janet Jackson who passed on it before it was given to Spears. The song was first included on Spears' third, self-titled studio album. It was written and produced by The Neptunes (Chad Hugo and Pharrell Williams) — members of American group N.E.R.D. For the song's single release, it was re-recorded as "The Co-Ed Remix", with a slightly different sound, and added featured vocals from Pharrell Williams. While the original version of the song was performed by Spears in a cameo appearance in the movie Austin Powers in Goldmember, "The Co-Ed Remix" was included on its soundtrack. It was released as the second single from the soundtrack, following "Work It Out", performed by one of the film's stars, Beyoncé. It was also the sixth single release to come from Britney. A press release for Maverick Records called the track a standout from the film's soundtrack, and said that Spears' cameo in the film "brings superstar status to the Fembot brigade." The release also stated that the song and video "stays true to the fractured funk [at] the heart of the film." AOL Music premiered the new track on June 13, 2002, and it was streamed more than 1.35 million times, setting a new record an AOL Music "First Listen."

Composition
"Boys" is a song that combines R&B with hip hop. According to the sheet music published at Music Notes by EMI Music Publishing, it is set in the time signature of common time and has a tempo of 108 beats per minute. While the original Britney version features Spears solely, "The Co-Ed Remix" which was released as a single, sees the singer and the song's co-producer, rapper Pharrell Williams trading lines. The remix version of the track contains a slower tempo then that of the original. According to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Williams and Spears put on a "rap-lite teen-pop tease." The song also includes influences of funk music. During the time of the album's release, her official site stated that the song had aspects of 70's soul music and influences of Prince's music. According to Alex Needham of NME, the track takes influence from Janet Jackson. David Browne of Entertainment Weekly said the song was "cut-rate '80s Janet Jackson." Lyrical content sees Spears eying a guy with an intent to "get nasty."

Critical reception

Calling the song "a decidedly lubricious duet", Alex Needham of New Musical Express said that "She sings about boys, he sings about girls. A simple concept, but an effective one, resulting in Britney's best single [in] ages." David Browne of Entertainment Weekly said that The Neptunes' productions on the album, "I'm a Slave 4 U" and "Boys" "swaddle her in writhing, kick-the-can beats, but never have a groove and a verse been so betrayed by a limp chorus." Nicki Tranter of PopMatters said that the remainder of the album was "tried and tested" dance-pop, noting "Boys" and "Cinderella" revisiting "old Britney territory exploring predictable issues including her love being irreplaceable, her use of the dance floor as an appropriate courting place, and her much-loved girl-ness." Leah Greenblatt from Entertainment Weekly called it a "popping, Janet-esque groove." Yale Daily News writer Catherine Halaby considered the song "an envelope-pushing (when you consider her claims of wholesomeness) smutfest."

The staff from Entertainment Weekly placed "Boys" at number 21 on their ranking of Spears' songs, writing that "anyone who ever fantasized about a mash-up of Britney and Janet Jackson got their wish with this track. [...] ['Boys'] sounds a lot like Miss Jackson's 1986 smash 'Nasty' [...] For Janet, the record would have been redundant. For Brit, it functions as an apt homage". This last part being a reference to Jackson recording the song first. Nicholas Hautman, from Us Weekly, criticized the remix for omitting the "euphoric bridge". Shannon Barbour from Cosmopolitan called it Spears' fourth greatest song. Nayer Nissim, from Pink News, deemed it "one of her most sleek and sharp pop hits. The single remix adds an effortlessly cool Pharrell rap that takes it to the next level". Spin's Caryn Ganz ranked it as the singer's 20th greatest song; "the Neptunes' magical collaborations with the Princess of Pop – a chic bass line, bare-bones beat, and three and a half minutes of Spears cooing about those nasty boys". Complex magazine listed "The Co-Ed Remix" as the 33rd best R&B song by a white artist from the 2000s decade, deeming it "another creative success for The Neptunes and Britney who gave each other more credibility in the hip-hop and pop worlds, respectively".

Chart performance
The song failed to make much of an impact in the United States, only appearing on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart, where it appeared at number 22. It appeared on the Billboard Pop Songs chart at number 32. In Canada, on the Canadian Singles Chart, the song performed better, reaching number 21. "Boys" fared better internationally, appearing in the top 20 in several markets in which it charted. On the UK Singles Chart, the song peaked at number seven. It also peaked in the top ten of the Irish Singles Chart and both the Belgian Flanders and Wallonia Ultratop charts. On the ARIA Singles Chart in Australia, the song spent 12 weeks on the chart, peaking at number 14. "Boys" would go on to be certified gold in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association. Furthermore, it peaked in the top 20 of the charts in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark.

Music video
The music video for "Boys" was directed by Dave Meyers, who also directed the music video for Spears' 2000 song Lucky and premiered on June 17, 2002. In the video, a man (DJ Qualls) tries to get into a castle which is hosting a party being attended by Spears. When the security guards refuse to grant him access because he's not on the guest list, he begins to scream for Spears (after shouting that he had Fruity Pebbles with P. Diddy). As the music starts, Spears, readying herself for the party in one of the castle's towers, is dancing with a group of women. The scene shifts to a castle courtyard, where Spears and a man are sit at opposite ends of a long table. Following this, Spears walks around a pool, in which she sees a man (Justin Bruening) swimming. As they begin to interact with each other, Pharrell is at the bar with a woman. Spears walks over to him and they begin to talk. Following this, Spears dances with a group of people, including Mike Myers as Austin Powers. Actors Jason Priestley, Justin Bruening and Taye Diggs also make cameo appearances in the video. The video was nominated at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Video from a Film, but lost to Eminem's "Lose Yourself."

Live performances and usage in media
Spears performed "Boys" on multiple occasions. On the 2001 Dream Within a Dream Tour, Spears performed it wearing a tank-top and suspenders. In the tour's extension in 2002, she replaced the original version with the remix on the tour. She performed the song on the twenty-seventh season of Saturday Night Live on February 2, 2002. She also performed it on February 10, 2002, at the 2002 NBA All-Star Game. In the United Kingdom, Spears performed the song on CD:UK. She performed the song as a mashup with "I'm a Slave 4 U" on her 2003 ABC special, Britney Spears: In the Zone, to promote her fourth studio album In the Zone (2003).

On The Onyx Hotel Tour in 2004, it featured male dancers pushing her while she was standing in luggage carts. During her performance of the song on The Circus Starring Britney Spears, the singer performed wearing a military costume, while surrounded by her dancers, some of them riding bicycles. The rendition was described as a "Rhythm Nation-like military stomp." On 2011's Femme Fatale Tour, Spears wears a golden cape for a snake charming number of the song. Spears included "Boys" on the setlist of her 2013–17 Las Vegas residency, Britney: Piece of Me. During this performance, she and her dancers wear neon outfits. Sophie Schillaci from MTV considered the performance "crowd-pleasing".

The song has been performed in a mashup with Justin Bieber's "Boyfriend" by Kevin McHale and Darren Criss (respectively as their characters Artie Abrams and Blaine Anderson) in the musical TV series Glee in the second episode of season four, "Britney 2.0" (aired on September 20, 2012), the show's second tribute episode to Spears.

Track listings

 * US 12-inch vinyl
 * 1) "Boys" (Co-Ed remix) – 3:45
 * 2) "Boys" (Co-Ed remix instrumental) – 3:45
 * 3) "I'm a Slave 4 U" – 3:23

 * UK CD and cassette single
 * 1) "Boys" (Co-Ed remix) – 3:45
 * 2) "Boys" (Co-Ed remix instrumental) – 3:45
 * 3) "Boys" (album version) – 3:26
 * 4) "Boys" (album version) – 3:26

 * European CD single
 * 1) "Boys" (Co-Ed remix) – 3:45
 * 2) "Boys" (album version) – 3:26

 * European, Japanese, Australian, New Zealand, and Brazilian CD maxi single
 * 1) "Boys" (Co-Ed remix) – 3:45
 * 2) "Boys" (Co-Ed remix instrumental) – 3:45
 * 3) "Boys" (album version) – 3:26
 * 4) "Boys" (album version instrumental) – 3:26

title: Boys (Britney Spears song)


text:
Talk:Tilton, New Hampshire

Untitled
The Titlon Diner is awesome! I used to eat there all them time when I worked on a summer camp staff in Gilmanton, New Hampshire.--Xtreambar 01:08, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Property Taxes Insane
My parent's property taxes on 35 acres of bare land just tripled. -67.168.197.96 16:17, 21 January 2006

title: Talk:Tilton, New Hampshire


text:
Talk:Heads Up (Death from Above EP)

Disambi...
In the early 90ies, there was a funk metal band from New York, I believe, with the same name. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.180.91.251 (talk • contribs) 14:08, 20 Jun 2005

 * If someone ever wants to write an article about them, they can dab their name. I note that Heads Up and Heads Up! (band) are not taken at this date. Double Blue  (Talk) 14:53, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, I see what you mean now. I discovered the link here from Funk metal and dabbed the band to Heads Up! (band). Cheers, Double Blue  (Talk) 14:57, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

page title
why is this article have an exclamation on the end? the album is never credited as 'heads up!', not on the record sleeve or on the ache records website (both rather official sources). Crunk 02:49, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

 * deathfromabove1979.com lists it as "Heads Up!"

Fair use rationale for Image:DFA1979-headsup.png
Image:DFA1979-headsup.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 23:02, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Heads Up (Death from Above EP)


text:
User:Stilgar135

'Did you ever hear tell,"

said Jimmy Farrell,

'of the skulls they have

in the city of Dublin?

White skulls and black skulls

and yellow skulls, and some

with full teeth, and some

haven't only but one,'

and compounded history

in the pan of 'an old Dane,

maybe, was drowned

in the Flood.'

title: User:Stilgar135


text:
Metal Mickey (song)

"Metal Mickey" is the second single released by English rock band Suede, issued on 14 September 1992 on Nude Records. It was included on the band's debut album, Suede, the following year. The song charted at No. 17 on the UK Singles Chart, an improvement on the previous single "The Drowners", which fell short of the top 40. The song also reached the top 40 in Australia and Sweden.

Background
The song is an up-tempo rock song. Guitarist Bernard Butler has said that its musical inspiration was "The Shoop Shoop Song", famously remade by Cher for the 1990 film Mermaids. The guitar solo, according to Butler was inspired by the Kinks' "You Really Got Me". Other than its nod to the robot from the 80s children's sitcom of the same name, singer Brett Anderson has said the song was inspired by Daisy Chainsaw vocalist KatieJane Garside. Charting in the top-twenty in the UK, the single earned the band their first appearance on Top of the Pops.

Reception
Europe's radio newsweekly Music & Media wrote: "Good song, good band; sometimes life is too simple. Sounding as if recorded in their own rehearsal room, the spirit of real rock roll is there with plenty of flower power." The song was well received in the US. Billboard wrote: "It's toe-tapping, head-bobbing, club-rocking stuff, reminiscent of British music from the Kinks to Bowie." Linda Ryan of the Gavin Report said: "it's a tough, angst-ridden sound that smacks of frustration, the sexual kind [...] the guitars are loud and tough and guaranteed not to sound like any other guitar-oriented (read: grunge) band on your playlist." Performed by the group on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, it became the only Suede single to crack the US Modern Rock Tracks top 10, peaking at No. 7 on 26 June 1993, nine weeks after first appearing on the chart.

Track listings
All songs were written by Brett Anderson and Bernard Butler.

UK 7-inch and cassette single
 * 1) "Metal Mickey"
 * 2) "Where the Pigs Don't Fly"

UK 12-inch and CD single
 * 1) "Metal Mickey"
 * 2) "Where the Pigs Don't Fly"
 * 3) "He's Dead"

European and Australian CD single; Australian cassette single
 * 1) "Metal Mickey"
 * 2) "The Drowners"
 * 3) "My Insatiable One"
 * 4) "To the Birds"

title: Metal Mickey (song)


text:
CMS Energy

CMS Energy Corporation is an American energy company based in Jackson, Michigan, that is focused principally on utility operations in Michigan. Its principal business is Consumers Energy, a public utility that provides electricity and natural gas to more than 6 million of Michigan's 10 million residents. Its non-utility businesses are focused primarily on domestic independent power production. Consumers Energy has operated since 1886.

CMS Enterprises' primary businesses are independent power production and natural gas transmission.

History
CMS Energy was formed in 1987 as a holding company with its principal subsidiaries as Consumers Energy and CMS Enterprises. On October 23, 1987, CMS Energy became a publicly owned company and was listed at the New York Stock Exchange. The company's history dates back to 1886, when William Augustine Foote and Samuel Jarvis initially approached Jackson, Michigan officials and asked them to support efforts to illuminate Jackson's downtown with electric arc lights. They formed a company, Jackson Electric Light Works in 1888. In 1889, they built a hydro plant project at the Trowbridge Dam on the Kalamazoo River. Foote, after seeing some early success, began consolidating his small power companies and formed Commonwealth Power Company.

In 1907, Foote and Jarvis built Croton Hydro project on the Muskegon River, the first project in the world that could transmit 110,000 volts of electricity. In 1920, Foote and Jarvis offered preferred shares of their company to the public to secure sufficient financing to enter other energy and power generation sectors. Over the next decades the company built several coal-fired, natural gas, nuclear and electric facilities. In 1946, the company formed a strategic partnership with Panhandle Company to convert former natural gas fields to underground natural gas storage areas. CMS Energy's primary subsidiary, Consumers Energy, announced Michigan's first nuclear power plant in 1961, Big Rock Point in Charlevoix, Michigan.

The company announced another nuclear plant, Palisades Nuclear Generating Station on Lake Michigan, which first produced electricity in December, 1971 to serve 400,000 people a day. CMS Energy owned the plant until 2006, when it was sold to Entergy. It then announced a gas reforming plant to furnish heat for Michigan homes in 1971. This plant was the first of its kind in North America to produce synthetic gas, converting impure liquid petroleum into pipeline-quality natural gas.

In 1987, CMS Energy, a holding company with its principal subsidiaries as Consumers Power and CMS Enterprises was formed. Consumers Power was rebranded Consumers Energy in 1997. The firm was one of the first companies to introduce an online billing system in the late 1990s.

In 2001, the firm entered into an exploration agreement with Eritrea for oil exploration in the Dismin Block of the Red Sea.

In 2003, the firm moved its headquarters to One Energy Plaza in Jackson, Michigan. In 2007, the company announced plans to invest $6 billion in Michigan's energy future to support new power plant technology and identify new energy sources. In 2014, Consumers Energy opened Cross Winds Energy Park in Michigan's Tuscola County and signed a contract with General Electric to supply 621.79-kilowatt wind turbine engines for the project which has a total generating capacity of 105 megawatts.

Sustainability and Environment
In 2015, 9 percent of CMS Energy's power comes from renewable energy sources. Primary CMS Energy subsidiary Consumers Energy joined the Wildlife Habitat Council as an active member. By 2007, all power facilities received the Clean Corporate Citizen award from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality.

Awards
Consumers Energy, CMS Energy's primary subsidiary, was named Energy Star Partner of the Year in 2014 and 2015 for excellence in sustainable energy efficiency programs. In 2014, Consumers Energy was ranked among the top 15 most sustainable energy providers. Later that year, CMS Energy received Edison Electric Institute's Index Award for top cumulative shareholder return in the small cap category. The firm received the 2015 Emergency Recovery Award for its electricity restoration efforts during the December 2013 North American storm complex.

Criticism
In December 2011, the non-partisan organization Public Campaign criticized CMS Energy for spending $3.48 million on lobbying and not paying any taxes during 2008-2010, instead getting $29 million in tax rebates, despite making a profit of $415 million, and increasing executive pay by 79% to $900.4 million in 2010 for its top 5 executives.

Philanthropy
CMS Energy has helped establish and finance numerous research, educational and cultural institutes in the United States. Consumers Energy was given the William Booth Award in 2013 by The Salvation Army in recognition of its long history of philanthropic activities and leadership for the PeopleCare assistance program.

CMS Energy participates in internship and cooperative education programs to build career opportunities in Michigan. Consumers Energy has also worked on early childhood development and education in Michigan and has also received Wildlife Habitat Council (WHC) compliant certificates for its efforts to promote environmental education.

title: CMS Energy


text:
Talk:First Anglo-Mysore War

Note
Sultanate of Mysore and the Kingdom of Mysore are two totally different dynasties.``` — Preceding unsigned comment added by 182.182.33.151 (talk) 08:21, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Citation
@Mohammad Umar Ali, can you please explain this revert? The article uses shortened footnotes (see WP:SFN for an explanation) and you are changing the established citation style in the article, which is not permitted per WP:CITEVAR. You're also introducing a sfn multiple-target error; see Category:Harv_and_Sfn_multiple-target_errors. Thanks, Wham2001 (talk) 10:50, 8 May 2024 (UTC)

 * I reverted it because sfn citation wasn't done properly when i viewed it, it showed cite: .., etc. apart from the link Please fix that too this time. Mohammad Umar Ali (talk) 14:35, 8 May 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅. For reference, the problem was that I had used sfn instead of sfnp (the sfns in this article are parenthesised).  Best, Wham2001 (talk) 20:23, 8 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:First Anglo-Mysore War


text:
Talk:Action Quake 2

Untitled
WHERE ARE THE AMERICAN SERVERS??? please, tell me if they exist.

Why is this written in past tense? The AQ2 community is still very much alive and well.

I don't know where it would best fit in, but I think the tagline "All the fun and speed of your favorite action movie, without the cost of a ticket!" should remain in the article. Anyone have suggestions on where it would best go? --UNHchabo 20:39, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

I think there should be a mention of the complete release of AQ2 somewhere (thanks to the opensourceing of the Quake 2 engine). That's an interesting event in modding and games history. I'd do it myself, but I'm sure someone knows the details better than me. just a suggestion. (actually, thinking about it there could probably be a Quake 2 mods wikiproject Q2 is such a mod monster) MuJoCh 14:23, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Well
The AQ community is actually dieing very fast my friend. Quake2 modders (such as myself) have a very little croud to mingle with now.

Paril, these articles are supposed to avoid first person, as no article has one author. Not only that, your edit was leaning towards link-spamming. I modified it a little so that it's not blatent advertising, but the links to your sites are still there, as your projects are still relevent to the subject, and useful to anyone looking into playing the game. --UNHchabo 02:09, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Oh, alright. Sorry about that, I wasn't really trying to link-spam to Fred's site. Just that the LTK bot plays a very important part in Action Quake2's production, I thought it would deserve it's own part. --Paril 5:05, 25 May 2006

rofl
"The player can bandage himself in six seconds to stop the bleeding damage and restore mobility. In the real world, nobody could stop a bleeding gunshot wound in six seconds nor fix up the leg to its pre-gunshot state."

ORLY? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 83.29.203.194 (talk • contribs) 08:34, 21 July, 2006 (UTC).

 * Is it better now? --UNHchabo 15:10, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

General
Planning to beef up this topic. Partly as an exercise to better learn about wikipedia/how-to/and so on... Will be factual and careful. Comments? WarBaCoN 20:45, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Kicking
I really don't remember, cause it's been a long time since I've played. Does kicking someone disarm them? --UNHchabo 07:51, 7 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I think it did, and so did punching someone --Arjarj 12:19, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Kicking did for sure, don't know about punching. Meant to add that... WarBaCoN 21:50, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

punching and kicking do — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.71.202.14 (talk) 05:14, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

A-Team
I have tried to make an article for the creators of AQ2, AHL and AUT2k4, but I am being told that it is unremarkable groups or people. Any suggestions on how to disprove this? (some of the members have wiki pages about them even)! WarBaCoN 22:45, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * That makes me sad, I never thought of myself as officially unremarkable. :(  Not like I did any real work anyway :)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.39.4.131 (talk) 17:05, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

Improvement needed...
Of course, there are also Capture the Flag, Instagib and other game modes on some servers... The game is also not limited to multiplayer, but you can play it in single player too (Using the Action Quake 2 weapons in the original Quake 2) with a modification. You can also play against bots. --Juze (talk) 17:34, 3 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Action Quake 2


text:
Jennifer Freeman

Jennifer Nicole Freeman, often credited as Jennifer N. Freeman, is an American actress. She is best known for playing the role of Claire Kyle in the sitcom My Wife and Kids (introduced in season 2) and her film roles in You Got Served (2004), and Johnson Family Vacation (2004).

Career
Freeman is best known for playing the role of Claire Kyle (replacing Jazz Raycole) in the ABC sitcom My Wife and Kids. She has also made guest appearances on TV such as 7th Heaven, Switched!, One on One, and The OC. Her music video appearance is B2K's "Girlfriend". She is a spokesmodel for the Neutrogena skincare.

Freeman's TV credits include My Wife and Kids, 7th Heaven, Even Stevens, and Lizzie McGuire. Her film credits include feature roles in Johnson Family Vacation, You Got Served and Mercy Street. She also appeared in films such as The '70s and The Visit. Her stage credits include the L.A.-area productions of The Wiz, in which she played Dorothy, and Billa in The Gift.

Freeman began a nationwide print and television campaign as one of "the young fresh faces" of Neutrogena. In 2003, TV Guide named her as one of the Top 10 Hot Teens to watch. In 2018, Freeman released a self-help book, Journey to Loving Yourself.

Personal life
Freeman married basketball player Earl Watson in early 2009. They have a daughter together. In August 2010 they separated, and briefly reconciled in 2011, until they divorced in March 2015.

title: Jennifer Freeman


text:
File:Animal nitrate.jpg

Summary
Cover of "Animal Nitrate", a single by Suede.

title: File:Animal nitrate.jpg


text:
FUBAR (film)

FUBAR is a 2002 Canadian film directed by Michael Dowse and written by Dave Lawrence, Michael Dowse and Paul Spence, following the lives of two lifelong friends and head-bangers, Terry Cahill and Dean Murdoch. It debuted at the Sundance Film Festival. Since its release, it has gained a cult status in North America, particularly in Western Canada.

Filmed and set in and around Calgary, Alberta, it was shot on a Canon XL1, on a shoestring budget that required Lawrence to max out his credit card and his dad to refinance their family home to complete it.

The film features characters created by Lawrence and Paul Spence that they developed based on the head-banger subculture. Terry Cahill, one of the main characters, played by Lawrence, was based on a character he created at Loose Moose Theatre in the mid-'90s. Many people who appear in the movie (including the fist-fighters) were bystanders who thought that the filmmakers were shooting a documentary on the common man. FUBAR did not have a set script, only a rough outline from which the actors improvised.

Plot
FUBAR is the story of two lifelong friends, Terry Cahill (Dave Lawrence) and Dean Murdoch (Paul Spence), who have grown up together: shotgunning their first beers, forming their first garage band, and growing the great Canadian mullet known as "Hockey Hair". The lives of these Alberta everymen are brought to the big screen by documentarian Farrel Mitchner (Gordon Skilling), a young director who decides to take a look at Terry and Dean through a lens, exploring the depths of their friendship, the fragility of life, growing up gracefully, and the art and science of drinking beer "like a man".

Their lives are complicated when they’re snubbed by their "party leader" Troy, better known as Tron (Andrew Sparacino). When Farrel discovers that Dean is hiding a serious case of testicular cancer, the wheels are set in motion for Dean to seek treatment from Dr. S.C. Lim (Dr. S.C. Lim). With Dean's last weekend before surgery approaching, Terry decides to take Dean, Farrel and the film crew camping. Things take an unexpected turn by the third day, and Terry and Dean must cope with further tragedy.

Reception
FUBAR received mixed reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 55% based on reviews from 11 critics, with an average rating of 6.0/10.

Paul Dale of The List gave it 3 out of 5 and wrote: "The gloriously stupid levels of debauchery reached in this film will have a strange resonance for anyone who lived through the Thatcherite bedsit stinkfest that was pre-Acid House Britain." Kevin N. Laforest of the Montreal Film Journal compared the film to This is Spinal Tap "only with more pathetic protagonists- and funnier!" Empire gave it 2 out 5.

In 2023, Barry Hertz of The Globe and Mail named the film as one of the 23 best Canadian comedy films ever made.

Soundtrack
A soundtrack album, FUBAR: The Album, was released in 2003. The album includes songs from The New Pornographers, Chixdiggit and Sloan.

Sequel
After the success of FUBAR, its sequel, FUBAR 2: Balls to the Wall, secured a $4-million budget based only on the scriptment marking the first time ever Telefilm Canada green lit a film without a complete script.

Filmed in Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, the plot involves Terry and Dean moving to Fort McMurray to earn easy money in the oil patch. Similar to the first FUBAR film, the dialogue was improvised but the budget was significantly larger than the first film. The sequel was the first Canadian film to premier at the Midnight Madness slot at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) on September 9, 2010. The film was released throughout Canada on October 1, 2010.

The sequel was well received. On Rotten Tomatoes it has a 90% rating based on reviews from 10 critics.

Television series
On February 10, 2017, Rogers Media and VICE Studios Canada announced an eight-episode television series, FUBAR: Age of Computer, that continued the legacy of the original FUBAR films. The series captured the experiences of Terry Cahill, played by Dave Lawrence, and Dean Murdoch, played by Paul Spence, exploring the internet for the first time. The show features real-life interactions with various experts and influencers online. FUBAR: Age of Computer was inspired by Dave Lawrence's character, Terry.

The series was filmed in Montreal, Quebec, and premiered on November 3, 2017, and aired on Viceland and CityTV

In 2022, TNT FUBAR was released and is aired through the streaming site Swearnet. This series showcases Terry Cahill, played by Dave Lawrence, as he is living back home in Calgary, Alberta. He is joined by his cousin Shank played by North Darling and his wife Trish, played by Terra Hazelton. The series shows Terry renting out Shank’s basement, his attempted divorce from his wife Trish and a misunderstanding with a multi-level marketing scheme that leads Terry to Bret Hart, played by Bret Hart.

Mobile game
On January 8, 2020, Kano Applications Inc. announced the worldwide launch of new mobile game, Fubar: Just Give'r, developed in collaboration with East Side Games and BT Productions. This narrative clicker idle game available on iOS and Android picks up where the movies left off with all new storylines and exciting weekly events. Players will join the iconic FUBAR (film) duo, Terry and Deaner, and help them as they embark on a quest to beat the World Record for Longest Party Streak.

title: FUBAR (film)