text:
Perceptual Speech Quality Measure

Perceptual Speech Quality Measure (PSQM) is a computational and modeling algorithm defined in Recommendation ITU-T P.861 that objectively evaluates and quantifies voice quality of voice-band (300 – 3400 Hz) speech codecs. It may be used to rank the performance of these speech codecs with differing speech input levels, talkers, bit rates and transcodings. P.861 was withdrawn and replaced by Recommendation ITU-T P.862 (PESQ), which contains an improved speech assessment algorithm.

Why it is used
Using the PSQM standard allows automated, simulation-based test methodologies to objectively rate both speech clarity and transmitted voice quality. Various software and/or hardware products have been developed to facilitate this testing. This results in considerable savings in cost and time over the traditional practice of using large groups of people to subjectively evaluate voice signals and assess voice quality. Moreover, it yields objective results that are reliable and reproducible. This is very important to telephony providers who are mandated to maintain high Quality of Service standards.

Algorithm
PSQM uses a psychoacoustical mathematical modeling (both perceptual and cognitive) algorithm to analyze the pre and post transmitted voice signals, yielding a PSQM value which is a measure of signal quality degradation and ranges from 0 (no degradation) to 6.5 (highest degradation). In turn, this result may be translated into a mean opinion score (MOS), which is an accepted measure of the perceived quality of received media on a numeric scale ranging from 1 to 5. A value of 1 indicates unacceptable, poor quality voice while a value of 5 indicates high voice quality with no perceptible issues.

The PSQM algorithm converts the physical-domain signal(s) into the perceptually meaningful psychoacoustic domain through a series of nonlinear processes such as time-frequency mapping, frequency warping and intensity warping.

The quality of the coded speech is judged on the differences in the internal representation. The difference is used for the calculation of the noise disturbance as a function of time and frequency. Besides perceptual modeling, the PSQM algorithm uses cognitive modeling such as loudness scaling and asymmetric masking in order to get high correlations between subjective and objective measurements.

Limitations
PSQM as originally conceived was not developed to account for network Quality of Service perturbations common in Voice over IP applications, items such as packet loss, delay variance (jitter) or non-sequential packets. These conditions usually give inappropriate results under heavy network load simulations, failing to account for a very real perceived loss of voice quality. Attempts to duplicate network fault conditions by introducing significant packet loss result in PSQM values that correspond to falsely inflated MOS values.

In order to overcome this limitation, PSQM+ was developed by modifying the original algorithm. PSQM+ generates results that seem to more accurately reflect the adverse performance of speech codecs under realistic network load conditions.

Other considerations
Other issues involve the lack of standardization in test signals used to evaluate various speech codecs. PSQM provides more reliable and consistent MOS values if used in accordance with ITU recommended methods for objective and subjective assessment of quality (ITU-T P.800/P.830/P.861). These ITU-T Recommendations include using both male and female gender voice reference signals at an average level of −20 dB. The type, gender, duration, gain of the voice or signal can all have a minor impact on the PSQM value or MOS score as does the threshold levels, number of calls made and other configuration settings of the environment. When comparing voice quality measurements the signal, environment and configurations should all be taken into account.

Many speech codecs exist and are used in a wide variety of applications. Careful selection of appropriate speech codec(s) is necessary to match system requirements. A list of common speech codecs and their associated PSQM/PSQM+ derived MOS values obtained under various network load conditions is available.

title: Perceptual Speech Quality Measure


text:
Sugarloaf Mountain (Maryland)

Sugarloaf Mountain is a small (1,283 feet; 391 m) mountain and park about 10 miles (16 km) south of Frederick, Maryland. The closest village is Barnesville, located just over one mile from the foot of the mountain. The peak of this relatively low mountain is approximately 800 feet (244 m) higher than the surrounding farmland. It is visible from many parts of northern Montgomery County and southern Frederick County, notably from I-270 north of the town of Germantown. Because of its geological and natural history interest, it was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1969. It is a notable example of an admission-free (although donations are requested), privately owned scenic park.

History
The mountain was visited in 1712 by Christoph von Graffenried, 1st Baron of Bernberg and his French-Canadian guide, Martin Chartier. The Baron wrote:

"From there we went further back upon a mountain of the highest in those parts, called Sugar Loaf, for it has the form of a loaf of sugar. We took with us Martin Chartier, a surveyor we also had with us, and there came with us several Indians. From the mountain we viewed an exceedingly broad extent Of country, a part of Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Carolina, used the compass, [and] made us a map."

During the Maryland Campaign of the American Civil War in 1862, Union forces occupying the summit, which was being used as an observation and signal station, first spotted the Army of Northern Virginia on September 5 as it crossed the Potomac River into Maryland. The following morning as the small Union force on the mountain began to retreat in the face of the oncoming Confederate Army, they ran into the unsuspecting 1st North Carolina Infantry and a small skirmish ensued. The Union force was able to escape, but it was later caught by Confederate cavalry at Urbana.

In the early 20th century Chicago businessman Gordon Strong bought substantial land holdings on and around the mountain. In 1925, the architect Frank Lloyd Wright, on commission from Strong, proposed an automobile objective development for the top of the mountain, but that was never carried out.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt, briefly considered using Sugarloaf as his Presidential retreat, but he was persuaded by Strong to choose the nearby Shang-Ri-La site on the Catoctin Mountain, which today is known as Camp David.

Strong set up a trust fund in 1947 that maintains a trail system and other tourist facilities at Sugarloaf Mountain. The mountain and its immediate environs continue to be open to the public, but they are privately owned by Stronghold, Incorporated.

Geology
Sugarloaf Mountain is an example of a monadnock — an isolated hill or small mountain rising abruptly from gently sloping or level surrounding land. It appears to be either an outlier to the east of the main mass of Catoctin Mountain, or a root remnant of the ancient Appalachian Mountains.

The bedrock is the Lower Cambrian Sugarloaf Mountain Quartzite, a massive white quartzite interbedded with softer sericitic quartzite, slate, and phyllite. The formation is divided into upper, middle, and lower members.

Tourism
Sugarloaf Mountain is an area tourist attraction, free of an admission charge, and open to the public. Visitors are however encouraged to voluntarily donate $5. Activities include hiking, rock climbing, picnicking, and sightseeing. The mountain is known to locals for its scenic views. The Sugarloaf Mountain Trail system is a popular network of trails that link the East Face with the West Face. The blue trail system is popular with hikers while the yellow trail system can also be used by bikers and horseback riders at designated times of the year. The Strong Mansion at the base of the mountain is often used for weddings and other special events, and the nearby Sugarloaf Mountain Vineyard is a popular side excursion.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sugarloaf Mountain (Maryland)


text:
Theodor Reik

Theodor Reik (12 May 1888 – 31 December 1969) was a psychoanalyst who trained as one of Freud's first students in Vienna, Austria, and was a pioneer of lay analysis in the United States.

Psychology
Reik received a Ph.D. degree in psychology from the University of Vienna in 1912 with his dissertation, a study of Flaubert's Temptation of Saint Anthony.

Psychoanalysis
After receiving his doctorate, Reik devoted several years to studying psychoanalysis with Sigmund Freud. Freud financially supported Reik and his family during his psychoanalytic training. During this time, Reik was analyzed by Karl Abraham. Reik, who was Jewish, emigrated from Germany to the Netherlands in 1934 and to the United States in 1938 in flight from Nazism. In 1944, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.

War and Viennese aftermath
During the First World War, Reik was mobilized and had to face up to the experience of unbearable helplessness found in trench-warfare. Out of that experience, Reik contributed to a paper of Freud, published in 1919, "The Uncanny" (referring, in part, to that which is horrifying); and some years later, in a text called "The Dread" written in 1924 and published in 1929. Reik makes a link between the various aspects of traumatic neurosis, as disseminated in the written papers of Freud, and suggests his own further analysis; Freud recognized the paper's pertinence. In a book, published in 1935, Reik discusses the dread of confronting thoughts, from the point of view of the psychoanalyst (Tréhel, G. 2012).

When peace was finally restored, a committee directed by Julius Tandler was organized in Vienna to investigate committed felonies; Julius Wagner von Jauregg participated as a member. At that time, the medical practice in places directed by Wagner von Jauregg and Arnold had been discredited by a former patient, Walter Kauders. Sigmund Freud was appointed as an expert witness on the medical care provided for war neurotics. In February 1920, the committee gave its opinion and, in October 1920, formally presented its conclusions.

Another matter shook up the Austrian capital. In November 1924, asked Freud to write an expert evaluation about the question of lay analysis—that is, analysis practiced by individuals who are not medical doctors. In December 1924, during a session of the Vienna Health State Board, Wagner von Jauregg asked for a list of the institutions using psychoanalysis. Reik was identified as not medically certified. In February 1925, he was, by official decree, forbidden to continue practising medicine; and in 1926, Newton Murphy, Reik's former patient, turned against him, suing him for harmful treatment — Freud publicly took up Reik's defence, reacting by writing to Tandler. The two affairs presented similarities. Specifically, they took place during the same period and in the same city, Vienna; they each concerned the practice of caregivers; and they implicated the same individuals who were in authority.

Among those treated by Reik in his Viennese period was the philosopher Frank P. Ramsey, during a prolonged stay in Vienna for that purpose.

American developments
Once in the United States, Reik found himself rejected from the dominant community of medical psychoanalysts because he did not possess an M.D. degree.

In response, he went on to found one of the first psychoanalytic training centers for psychologists, the National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis, which remains one of the largest and best-known psychoanalytic training institutes in New York City.

As part of Reik's conflict with the medical psychoanalysis community, he participated in the first lawsuit which helped define and legitimize the practice of psychoanalysis by non-physicians. His legacy for non-medical psychoanalysis in the US is accordingly important: that the training of non-medical analysts, such as psychologists and social workers, is now largely accepted, is significantly due to Reik's efforts.

Writings and influence
Reik is best known for psychoanalytic studies of psychotherapeutic listening, masochism, criminology, literature, and religion.

 * Reik's first major book was The Compulsion to Confess (1925), in which he argued that neurotic symptoms such as blushing and stuttering can be seen as unconscious confessions that express the patient's repressed impulses while also punishing the patient for communicating these impulses. Reik further explored this theme in The Unknown Murderer (1932), in which he examined the process of psychologically profiling unknown criminals. He argued out that because of unconscious guilt, criminals often leave clues that can lead to their identification and arrest.
 * In Masochism in Modern Man (1941), Reik argues that patients who engage in self-punishing or provocative behavior do so in order to demonstrate their emotional fortitude, induce guilt in others, and achieve a sense of "victory through defeat", while in Myth and Guilt (1957), Reik investigated the role of guilt and masochism in religion. The original name of TES, the first BDSM organization founded in the United States, formerly known as The Eulenspiegel Society, was inspired by a passage in Masochism in Modern Man (1941). In that passage Reik argues that patients who engage in self-punishing or provocative behavior do so in order to demonstrate their emotional fortitude, induce guilt in others, and achieve a sense of "victory through defeat". Reik also describes Till Eulenspiegel's "peculiar" behavior—he enjoys walking uphill, and feels "dejected" walking downhill—and compares it to a "paradox reminiscent of masochism", because Till Eulenspiegel "gladly submits to discomfort, enjoys it, even transforms it into pleasure".
 * In Ritual: Four Psychoanalytic Studies (1946), he uses psychoanalysis to shed light on the meaning of couvade, puberty rites, and the Jewish rituals of Yom Kippur and shofar. His studies of Jewish humour - 'On the Nature of Jewish Wit' (1940) and Jewish Wit (1962) - take a dark, almost tragic view of its underpinnings which may be linked to the experience of the Second World War: "there lurks behind the comic façade not merely something serious, as in other witticisms, but something horrible".
 * Reik's most famous book, Listening with the Third Ear (1948), describes how psychoanalysts intuitively use their own unconscious minds to detect and decipher the unconscious wishes and fantasies of their patients. According to Reik, analysts come to understand patients most deeply by examining their own unconscious intuitions about their patients. In his psychoanalytic autobiography Fragments of a Great Confession (1949), Reik turned a psychoanalytic ear toward his own life, interpreting his inner conflicts and their influence on his writing and relationships.
 * The Secret Self (1952) comprises a number of essays of psychoanalytic literary criticism, in which Reik tried to decipher the unconscious fantasies and impulses lying beneath literary works. In this book, Reik continued to develop his interest in the relationship between his own personality and his work, exploring how his internal conflicts shaped his interpretations of literary works.
 * In "The Creation of Woman" Reik investigated and analyzed the second story of the creation of Eve in Genesis from Adam's rib. He supported his conclusion that the genders were reversed. It is not Eve that is born from Adam's rib, according to Reik, it is the second birth of Adam into the world of men, leaving the world of the mother. His book "Ritual" contains evidence to support how secret keeping and 'initiation rites' in native societies in modern times are about leaving the world of the feminine, entering the masculine world. He also explored the power of the Jocasta complex, a surfeiting of mothering, in preventing such male independence.
 * Reik's article on 'Surprise' in psychoanalysis proved significant for W. R. Bion, who considered surprise at the unknown an essential element of progress in analysis. His emphasis on being open to surprise, and the arts of listening in analysis were taken up by the French psychoanalytic theorist Jacques Lacan, and anticipated recent developments in US psychoanalysis, such as its current emphasis on intersubjectivity and countertransference.
 * Reik presented a forceful criticism of traditional Freudian theory in A Psychologist Looks at Love (1944). Freud had believed that love is always based on some form of sexual desire. Reik argued, to the contrary, that love and lust are distinct motivational forces.

Publications

 * 1912 – Flaubert und seine "Versuchung des heiligen Antonius". Doctoral thesis, University of Vienna.
 * 1923 – Der eigene und der fremde Gott. Neuausgabe: Der eigene und der fremde Gott: zur Psychoanalyse d. religiösen Entwicklung, Mit e. Vorw. z. Neuausg. von Alexander Mitscherlich, Frankfurt (am Main): Suhrkamp, 1975.
 * 1925/1959 – The Compulsion to Confess. In  J. Farrar (Ed) The compulsion to confess and the need for punishment. (pp. 176–356). New York:  Farrar, Straus, and Cudahy.
 * 1932/1959 – The Unknown Murderer. In J. Farrar (Ed) The compulsion to confess and the need for punishment. (pp. 3–173). New York:  Farrar, Straus, and Cudahy.
 * 1937 – Surprise and the Psycho-Analyst: On the Conjecture and Comprehension of Unconscious Process. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company.
 * 1941 – Masochism In Modern Man. New York: Toronto, Farrar & Rinehart.
 * 1944/1974 – A Psychologist Looks at Love. In  M. Sherman (Ed.) Of Love and Lust.  (pp. 1–194). New York: Jason Aronson.
 * 1946 – ''Ritual: Four Psychoanalytic Studies". 1962 Grove Press edition.
 * 1948 – Listening with the Third Ear: The inner experience of a psychoanalyst. New York: Grove Press.
 * 1952 – The Secret Self. New York: Farrar, Straus and Young.
 * 1953 – The Haunting Melody: Psychoanalytic Experiences in Life and Music. New York: Farrar, Straus and Young.
 * 1957 – Myth and Guilt. New York: George Braziller.
 * 1959 – Mystery on the Mountain: The Drama of the Sinai Revelation. New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers.
 * 1960 – The Creation of Woman: A Psychoanalytic Inquiry into the Myth of Eve. New York: George Braziller.
 * 1961 – The Temptation. New York: George Braziller.
 * 1962 – Jewish Wit. New York: Gamut Press.
 * 1963 - The Need To Be Loved. New York: H Wolff.
 * 1964 – Voices From the Inaudible: The Patients Speak. New York: Farrar, Straus and Company.
 * 1966 – The many faces of sex: observations of an old psychoanalyst. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux

title: Theodor Reik


text:
Talk:Chevrolet Express

Comments
I didn't realize you could buy a 4WD Express - I thought that was only the Astro... Thanks for the correction. --SFoskett 18:30, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem. See  and , both of which stupidly say that the Express comes with "available all wheel drive (AWD models only)".  Also, I'm sorry if the correction came off as rude, it certainly wasn't intended to.  I'm not the best with wording. — Jesse's Girl | Please talk! 12:26, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Not sure about this, but shouldn't this article be merged with GMC Savana, similar to GMC Vandura being the same article as the Chevy Van? --213.114.137.26 23:10, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
 * GMC Savana has been merged. --Vossanova o< 18:58, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

Conversion van image
I've uploaded a photo of a Savana conversion van that may be useful for rounding out the images on the article. We're a GMC dealer and the van pictured is currently in our inventory for sale, so I'm linking it here instead of putting it straight into the article to try to avoid spam/COI issues. One the one hand, there aren't any conversion vans included; on the other hand, that may be for good reason. Let me know if another angle is preferable. --Jimhudsonbpgs (talk) 18:30, 30 September 2009 (UTC) (updated 19:24)
 * Looks great! As long as there's no flashy logo for your dealership in the picture I have no problem with you uploading it to the article.  Them  From  Space  00:12, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

2010 updades
I am not shure how to properly edit the side bar so i would like some one to add the 6 speed automac transmision which is now standard on 2500 and 3500 models. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.183.139.160 (talk) 03:20, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Chevrolet Express


text:
Ock Joo-hyun

Ock Joo-hyun (sometimes spelled Ock Ju-hyun; born March 20, 1980) is a South Korean singer and musical theatre actress, known mostly for her role as the lead singer of the South Korean girl group Fin.K.L. After their unofficial breakup in 2002, Ock released three solo albums and has participated in musicals, namely Wicked, Aida, Chicago, Cats, 42nd Street, and The Count of Monte Cristo.

As a member of Fin.K.L
Fin.K.L debuted in 1998 with DSP Entertainment and quickly became popular, catapulting all its members into stardom. Ock served as the lead singer for Fin.K.L until it became inactive as a group in 2002; she has since taken part in Fin.K.L's digital single "Fine Killing Liberty" in fall of 2005, including filming the music video.

Solo music
Starting her solo career summer in 2003, Ock came out with a ballad called "난..." ("Nan...", meaning "I..."), which entered the top 10 of Korean music charts. By her second album, which came out late fall in 2004, the public was startled by the sudden change in appearance, as she had experienced a significant weight loss; Ock attributed to her intense yoga training. Her popularity rose and she was able to perform on various music shows for a lengthy period with her singles "Catch" and "Sweet Rainyday".

Her third album, titled Remind, was released on June 12, 2008 The first single off the album is "Honey", which is a departure from her previous singles as it incorporates R&B. She began her comeback performances the following weekend on the major TV music shows.

Her next album, "Reflection" was released in 2013. In 2014, Ock partnered with musical composer and director Frank Wildhorn, with whom she worked together in the musical "Monte Cristo", to release an English language album titled "Gold" with popular musical numbers.

Other works
In addition to launching three albums, Ock has worked as a radiostation DJ for MBC, and as an MC for Korean networks SBS, MBC, and KBS. She has also received an award for "Best Radio DJ" during the MBC awards of 2005. She obtained the main role in the Korean version of Tim Rice's musical Aida, starting on August 27, 2005.

Ock has also done television work as a permanent member on various variety shows. In addition to being one of the main girls on Heroine 5, she was a part of Goldfish, an MBC TV show, in 2006. She was featured in the first season of MBC's reality program, "I am a Singer" with other veteran stars of Korean music. She was voted first place for her rendition of "1000 days", and also sang Korean ballad "Love is Gone", "Man is Ship, Woman is Harbor" and a re-make of fellow Fin.K.L member Lee Hyori's "U-Go Girl".

Ock has continued to further her "yoga celebrity" career, even helping to open up a yoga studio. She also released her own yoga VHS, DVD. More recently she published a new book about maintaining fitness of mind and body.

In March 2009, it was revealed that Ock would be teaching classes in music at Dong Seoul College. She also appeared in Tony Hawk's pro skater 2 as a playable character.

Musical actor
Ock has received much success as one of the most popular leading ladies of Korean musical theater. Often, she is described as a charismatic leading lady with high ticket power. Today she is renowned almost more for her presence as a musical actress than her days as a pop-icon and singer.

She debuted in the role of Aida as the lead role in 2005. Many praised her strong vocals but were intensely critical of acting as well as her status as a former k-pop idol. When she returned to the role again in 2010 she fell ill and was unable to make one of the shows. The production only featured a single cast and no understudies or standbys were used during the run. Due to this, the show was cancelled and many people complained at the oversight of the situation; Ock was also blamed for the incident despite the company being at fault. The following year she starred in Chicago and was met with better reviews saying that her acting had improved. In 2010, she appeared in the Count of Monte Cristo in the main role of Mercedes. She appeared as the leading female role in the Korean adaptation of Das Musical: Elisabeth, opposite JYJ's Junsu in 2012. She received a Best Actress Golden Ticket Award and Korean Musical Award for this role. She followed these acclaimed adaptations of European musical theater into a new role as "Mrs. Danvers" in the musical "Rebecca," inspired by Hitchcock's movie of the same name. Playing a slightly unhinged and dark character, Ock showed a new side of herself and was rewarded with great popularity among audiences and received the 2013 Korean Musical Award for Best Actress in a supporting role.

In 2014, Ock starred as Elphaba in the first Korean production of "Wicked the Musical" and also reprises the role of Danvers in "Rebecca" due to its popularity in South Korea. Starting in November 2014 Ock began her role as Marie Antoinette, in the musical Marie Antoinette at Charlotte Theater in Seoul, South Korea.

In 2016, Ock starred in her first original role with Mata Hari. It was also the first original musical from EMK Musical Company which was created in collaboration with Frank Wildhorn. He had stated that she had been one of the main inspirations for the character and songs of Mata Hari, and had sung high praises of her performances in his other musicals such as The Count of Monte Cristo. She later reprised her role in the 2017 production which had since been revised.

In 2018, Ock was cast as Anna Karenina (along with Jeong Sun Ah) for the Korean premiere. Prior to that, she travelled to Russia to meet the cast and crew of the Russian production that was opening before her own run. She appeared at the curtain call for opening night, and sang a trio with Ekaterina Guseva (Anna Karenina) and Sergey Lee (Alexey Vronsky).

In February 2022, OCK has decided not to renew the contract with Potluck Co., Ltd.

Theatre
* Note: Most, if not all, large scale South Korean Musicals are generally double or triple cast for a role. The actors share the role equally and alternate throughout the eight show week.

Video game appearances
Ock Joo-hyun is a playable character in the video game Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 (only in the South Korean PC version).

Personal life
Ock graduated from Kyung Hee University with Sung Yuri and Gong Yoo in February 2005.

Allegedly Ock had revealed herself to be in a long-term relationship with Jeff Chang, son of Korean media mogul. The relationship was said to have started in 2006, however when she mentions him at the awards show where she thanked him, she refers to him as "a friend of mine". It's inferred that they have since broken up and she is not in a relationship with anyone currently. In the director's cut of the Fin.K.L. Camping Club variety show she stated that she didn't want to get married when her fellow members asked about her thoughts.

title: Ock Joo-hyun


text:
Marchantiopsida

Marchantiopsida is a class of liverworts within the phylum Marchantiophyta. The species in this class are known as complex thalloid liverworts. The species in this class are widely distributed and can be found worldwide. Complex oil bodies are only found in the gametophyte.

Taxonomy

 * Blasiidae He-Nygrén et al. 2006
 * Blasiales Stotl. & Crand.-Stotl. 2000
 * Blasiaceae H.Klinggr. 1858
 * †Treubiitaceae Schuster 1980
 * Marchantiidae Engl. 1893 sensu He-Nygrén et al. 2006
 * Lunulariales H.Klinggr. 2006
 * Lunulariaceae H.Klinggr. 1858
 * Marchantiales Limpr. 1877 (complex thalloids)
 * Aytoniaceae Cavers 1911 [Rebouliaceae; Grimaldiaceae]
 * Cleveaceae Cavers 1911 [Sauteriaceae]
 * Conocephalaceae Müll.Frib. ex Grolle 1972
 * Corsiniaceae Engl. 1892
 * Cyathodiaceae Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. 2000
 * Dumortieraceae Long 2006
 * Exormothecaceae Müll.Frib. ex Grolle 1972
 * Marchantiaceae Lindl. 1836
 * Monocleaceae A.B.Frank 1877
 * Monosoleniaceae Inoue 1966
 * Oxymitraceae Müll.Frib. ex Grolle 1972
 * Ricciaceae Rchb. 1828
 * Targioniaceae Dumort. 1829
 * Wiesnerellaceae Inoue 1976
 * Neohodgsoniales D.G.Long 2006
 * Neohodgsoniaceae D.G.Long 2006
 * Sphaerocarpales Cavers 1910 (bottle liverworts)
 * Monocarpaceae D.J.Carr ex Schelpe 1969
 * Riellaceae Engl. 1892
 * Sphaerocarpaceae Heeg 1891

title: Marchantiopsida


text:
User talk:Moxzin

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title: User talk:Moxzin


text:
Gino Hernandez

Charles Eugene Wolfe Jr. (August 8, 1957 – February 2, 1986) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Gino Hernandez. He is perhaps best known for his appearances with the Dallas, Texas-based promotion World Class Championship Wrestling between 1976 until his death in 1986. Hernandez's death was initially ruled a murder case, but police later concluded that he had died of a drug overdose.

Early career
As a rookie, babyface wrestler in Ed Farhat's Big Time Wrestling promotion in Detroit, "Gino Hernandez" was a very young, fresh-faced performer who got over with female fans due to his long black hair, and good looks. He won Big Time's top title (its version of the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship) by defeating "Bulldog" Don Kent. During this time, Wolfe also wrestled at least one match for WWE forerunner the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF). Gino lost the (Detroit) U.S. Title to his real-life boss: The Sheik (Big Time Wrestling owner and booker Eddie Farhat's 'Psycho-Arab' heel persona).

Southwest Championship Wrestling
Gino Hernandez —nicknamed "The Handsome Halfbreed"—started wrestling in 1975 in the San Antonio, Texas wrestling territory, Southwest Championship Wrestling (SCW), after being trained by Jose Lothario. He was initially in a tag-team with Lothario, then turned into a singles act via a "protege vs. mentor" storyline. The storyline feud with Lothario culminated in a "hair vs. hair match", which Hernandez lost—having his head shaved in the ring, as a result.

World Class Championship Wrestling
In the late-1970s and early-1980s, Gino worked for Dallas-based territory, World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) (called NWA Big Time Wrestling, at the time). The highlight was a storyline feud with David Von Erich over the NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship, which Gino won and lost back to David. Gino returned to SCW, forming a hugely popular tag-team ("The Dynamic Duo") with the territory owner's son, Tully Blanchard. Hernandez and Blanchard's tag-team act became so successful that they were the top (based on box office drawing power) heels in the state of Texas—regardless of territory.

Mid-South Wrestling
In 1982, Gino instigated a storyline feud with Chavo Guerrero by hitting him over the head with a beer bottle, and later insulting the Guerrero family name. This short-lived feud played out across multiple Texas territories.

Return to WCCW
Gino returned to WCCW in 1984, at different times individually or collectively feuding with the Von Erichs: Mike, Kevin and Kerry Von Erich. That summer, Gino was paired with Nickla Roberts, who was billed Andrea the Lady Giant (a'la Andre the Giant). The duo worked a series of mixed tag team matches against Sunshine and Mike Von Erich. Even Sunshine's aunt, Stella Mae French, was involved. Gino was put in a tag team with WCCW newcomer Jake "The Snake" Roberts in August 1984. Gino also formed a tag-team with Chris Adams; WCCW called them "The Dynamic Duo", as SCW had Gino and Tully. This WCCW version proved the more famous, as Adams and Hernandez drew high revenues and television ratings for World Class in their feud with the Von Erichs. The duo invented the famed gold scissors gimmick: snipping hair from the heads of their incapacitated opponents right after defeating them (a humiliation tactic meant to increase fans' anger toward the heels, increasing the heels' TV/live show drawing power). This gimmick was later used in the WWF by Brutus Beefcake.

Adams and Hernandez lost a "hair" match to Kevin and Kerry Von Erich at a Cotton Bowl show on October 6, 1985. After the match, Hernandez attempted to escape, but was tackled by Chris Von Erich, who was at ringside, and eventually had his hair shaved bald. His hair quickly grew back in two months, while Adams' hair took longer. With the Von Erichs storyline completed but the momentum from it still red-hot with fans, Gino was next booked to turn on Adams in December 1985. WCCW management intended this new feud to become its top storyline throughout 1986. On January 26, 1986, during a grudge match in Fort Worth, Hernandez threw "freebird hair cream" (a "hair-removal product" previously established in WCCW storyline continuity in 1983 by Freebird Buddy Roberts) into Adams' face, rendering Adams blind (in reality, Adams was returning to his native England to spend time with his new wife Toni, and his family; however, WCCW told Adams he had to continue to "sell" the blindness whenever out in public). Hernandez was scheduled to perform on a house show the following Thursday, and on a non-televised show at Dallas' Sportatorium the following Friday. After Gino no-showed both events, WCCW management's phone calls to him went unanswered.

Personal life
His mother was Patrice Aguirre and his father was Charles Eugene Wolfe Sr., with the latter's identity being unknown to the point that wrestling fans speculated that Wolfe's father was actually Houston Wrestling promoter Paul Boesch, due to how close they were. Wolfe adopted the Gino Hernandez name after his stepfather, Luis Hernandez, who trained with him when Gino was a child.

Wolfe was married twice, both times to Janice Marie Bancroft. They were first married on April 10, 1976 in Harris County, Texas, before divorcing soon after on January 27, 1977. During their first marriage, they had a daughter, Lisa Marie, named after Lisa Marie Presley. A second daughter followed, Tasha. The pair remarried on April 12, 1978 before divorcing again on July 19, 1979.

Death
On February 4, 1986, concerned with Wolfe's well-being, two WCCW officials (David Manning and Rick Hazzard) and several local police officers broke into his Highland Park, Texas condo, discovering Wolfe's decomposing corpse. He had been dead for approximately three to four days. Initially, Wolfe's death was ruled a homicide case; but following autopsy reports, his death was ruled the result of a cocaine overdose.

Wolfe's drug abuse (e.g., alcohol and cocaine, among others) was no secret to many World Class mainstays, including onscreen manager/one-time booker Gary Hart, who claimed to have repeatedly encouraged Wolfe to "get clean". The syndicated World Class TV episode scheduled to air the weekend of February 15, 1986 originally included a Gino Hernandez match taped on January 24 at the Dallas Sportatorium. This match never aired; instead, show announcer Bill Mercer gave an on-camera announcement of Gino's death, and a different match aired in its place. Both Mercer and Marc Lowrance treated Hernandez's death as well as Chris Adams' blinding angle as equally significant during a time when World Class was about to go forward with their feud beginning at Texas Stadium. Adams returned the following May, and won the World Class Heavyweight Championship two months later. The funeral service and its expenses were handled by a reputed local drug dealer/trafficker called John Royal, with whom Hernandez had become friends. Family members were uncomfortable with Royal and his associates overseeing the funeral proceedings; many had never heard of or met them prior to Wolfe's death.

Skepticism
Although police dropped the homicide investigation into Hernandez's death, some still believe he was murdered in a drug-related incident. According to David Manning, Hernandez had five times the amount of cocaine in his system that would have resulted in a fatality, and he and Kevin Von Erich stated that Hernandez also had cocaine in his stomach. Manning also suspected foul play due to the fact that Hernandez's dead bolt on his door was not locked, as he made it a habit in the past to lock the dead bolt at all times. In the weeks before his death, Hernandez had expressed to Manning and others the belief that his life was under threat.

Former rival Michael Hayes said in a 2016 interview: "I have a real, real hard time believing that Gino Hernandez OD'd... he was most definitely hanging with the wrong crowd, and either ran his mouth too much, or knew too much, or all of the above." Asked about Hernandez's death, Jake Roberts said: "Gino was attached to some heavy people... he was running in some pretty big circles, man, that maybe he didn't belong [in]." Hernandez's mother Patrice Aguirre and ex-wife Janice Marie Bancroft expressed the belief that he was probably murdered; Aguirre reported that criminal Jon Royal had told her of debts owed to him by Hernandez. She later received a recorded message from a gangland source who was close to Hernandez, claiming that her son was not murdered.

Both Aguirre and Bancroft have explored the possibility that Hernandez faked his death, given that he had once talked about doing so, and because the autopsy report was replete with errors about his ethnicity and physicality. The family never saw his body, which was concealed by Hernandez's manager Walter Ayman due to its decomposed state, and honored in a closed-casket service. Wrestler Brutus Beefcake has rejected the murder theory, saying that Hernandez "had a serious drug problem" and was an "intense, crazy partier". Jeanie Clarke spoke about Hernandez's mental state in the weeks leading up to his death in her autobiography, describing an incident where he virtually held her hostage (including brandishing a gun) as he fell into a deeply paranoid episode following a night partying and binging on cocaine. Hernandez was embarrassed and apologetic afterwards, and Clarke expressed concern for the intensity of his drug use. A documentary on Viceland TV, part of the Dark Side of the Ring series, called "The Mysterious Death of Gorgeous Gino", aired on May 8, 2019.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Big Time Wrestling
 * NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Detroit version) (1 time)
 * NWA Big Time Wrestling / World Class Championship Wrestling
 * NWA American Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
 * NWA American Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with El Gran Markus (2 times), Gary Young (1 time), and Chris Adams (2 times)
 * NWA Brass Knuckles Championship (1 time)

 * NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (6 times)
 * NWA Texas Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Jimmy Snuka (1 time), Pak Song (1 time), and Bruiser Brody (1 time)
 * NWA World Six-Man Tag Team Championship (Texas version) (1 time) – with Chris Adams and Jake Roberts
 * NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship Tournament (1984)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked #162 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
 * Ranked #65 of the top 100 tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Chris Adams in 2003
 * Southwest Championship Wrestling
 * SCW Southwest Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with Tully Blanchard
 * SCW World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Tully Blanchard

title: Gino Hernandez


text:
Raba Wyżna

Raba Wyżna is a village in Poland, situated in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Nowy Targ County. It is a seat of Raba Wyżna Commune. As of 2006, the village had 4116 inhabitants. Raba Wyżna is also the birthplace of Stanisław Dziwisz, trusted secretary to Pope John Paul II.

1500s–1800s
Settlement began at what is now Raba Wyżna in the 1550s. According to local records, in the year 1581 the village consisted of 43 farms.

The first church in Raba Wyżna was a small, wooden church called the church of St. Stanisław Bishop and Martyr, a Catholic church built in 1581. Though the Raba Wyżna church was initially part of the Rabka parish, by 1618 Raba Wyżna became its own parish. In 1668 a new church was built in the village and was consecrated by Bishop Mikołaj Oborski of Kraków.

In 1846-1847 the village and surrounding areas suffered a typhus outbreak and a great famine due to crop failure. Over 1/3 of the village inhabitants died. According to the 1847 record books, in Raba Wyżna alone 455 people died, and 877 remained alive in the parish. In the nearby village of Spytkowice 511 people died that same year. The number of corpses overwhelmed the church, and a new cemetery was built out of necessity in September 1847.

In that year 1847, for lack of food, people starved to death, touched by the hand of the Just God, no doubt for their transgressions. Wherever on the road, in the bushes, at the backyard, you could see a man who died of hunger. In the local parish, a third of the parishioners starved to death. For so many dead, the cemetery was no longer sufficient to bury their corpses, so another place was chosen for the cemetery outside the village, in the Piekarczykówka field, which was decorated with a wooden cross and the image of Jesus Christ crucified on a sheet, and was decorated by the Reverend X. Marcin Leśniak, Dean Makowski. On September 21, 1847 it was consecrated.

First and Second World Wars
The first world war touched the village of Raba Wyzna, and the Austrian army pillaged the town and stole the church bell.

World War II brought more chaos to the village, causing some local inhabitants to leave their homes. On September 2, 1939 a battle between the Germans and Polish armies swept through the town, resulting in 40 homes being burnt to the ground and many civilians killed. The local church was plundered, books were burned, and the church bells were stolen by the German army. The day after the battle, a group of local men on their way to church were kidnapped by the German army and transported to the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. The German army occupied the town from 1939 until 1945. In 1942 the church was temporarily closed due to a dysentery outbreak in the town.

In 1945, the German occupation had ended and the rebuilding of the town began. In 1947 a new church bell were purchased, weighing 300 kg. In 1968 two more bells were purchased for the church, affectionately called "Stanislaw" and "Jozef."

title: Raba Wyżna


text:
List of presidents of Princeton University

Princeton University, founded in 1746 as the College of New Jersey, is a private Ivy League research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. The university is led by a president, who is selected by the board of trustees by ballot. The president is an ex officio member of the board and presides at its meetings. One of five officers of the university's legal corporation, the Trustees of Princeton University, the president also acts as the chief executive officer. The president is tasked with "general supervision of the interests of the University" and represents the institution in public. If the office is vacant, the board can either appoint an acting president, or the university's provost can serve in such capacity. The office was established in Princeton's original charter of 1746.

The institution's first president was Jonathan Dickinson in 1747, and its 20th and current is Christopher Eisgruber, who was elected in 2013. All of Princeton's presidents have been male besides Shirley Tilghman; all have been white. James Carnahan had the longest serving tenure at 31 years, and Jonathan Edwards had the shortest at five weeks. There have been six acting presidents, and eleven presidents who have been alumni of the university. Princeton presidents have a long association with the Presbyterian church, with every president before Woodrow Wilson in 1902 being a Presbyterian clergyman. The first nine presidents were slaveholders, with five holding slaves while living in the president's house. Thirteen of Princeton's seventeen deceased presidents are buried in President Lot of Princeton Cemetery. , the salary of the president was $944,952.

The president's official residence has changed several times over the lifespan of the university. Built in 1756, the John Maclean House, also known as the President's House, was where the president lived until Prospect House was acquired in 1878. In 1968, the official residence switched again to Walter Lowrie House. The Office of the President is housed in Nassau Hall.


text:
User talk:Mgrueter

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
 * What Wikipedia is not
 * Wikiquette

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

title: User talk:Mgrueter


text:
Harold Shapiro

Harold Shapiro is the name of:

 * Harold S. Shapiro (1928–2021), mathematician
 * Harold Tafler Shapiro (born 1935), economist and former president of Princeton University and of the University of Michigan

title: Harold Shapiro


text: User talk:82.7.132.95

title: User talk:82.7.132.95


text:
Talk:Eduard Einstein

Untitled
Did Eduard Einstein write or leave anything behind? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 172.162.26.246 (talk • contribs • WHOIS) on 3 June 2005.

Schizophrenia
Eduard Einstien is among the more celebrated cases of schizophrenia in history. This is perhaps all the more interesting given speculation about the possibility that his famous father exhibited signs of Asperger's syndrome, and that Asperger's syndrome is believed to commonly be mistaken for schizophrenia. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.180.46.40 (talk • contribs • WHOIS) on 12 September 2005.

Asperger's
I am restoring the reference to Asperger's. Simply Google the keywords Einstein and Asperger's and you will find ample evidence. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.16.30.178 (talk • contribs • WHOIS) on 28 October 2005.

For example: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2988647.stm

And another mentioning the misdiagnosis of Asperger's as Schizophrenia: http://www.schizophrenia.com/diag.html

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.180.51.7 (talk • contribs • WHOIS) on 6 January 2006.

 * The schizophrenia link above says that AS “may be [mis]diagnosed as schizophrenia in children” (in the given example by a psychiatrist unfamiliar with AS). It does not say that AS and schizophrenia have a common cause or are linked by genetic disposition. It certainly does not justify the statement in the preceding section of this talk page that “Asperger's syndrome is believed to commonly be mistaken for schizophrenia.” The statement in the current version of the article that AS “is sometimes confused with schizophrenia” is at best irrelevant: It would be relevant only if the contention were that Eduard had AS, and his schizophrenia was a misdiagnosis.
 * Moreover, the statement in the current version, “Albert Einstein … is suspected of having Asperger’s Syndrome,” rather overstates the facts. More accurate would be, “Some people have speculated that Albert Einstein was a slow learner or had Asperger’s syndrome or dyslexia, but this is a minority opinion.” --teb728 08:18, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I removed it, its trivial information at best and POV information at worst.RogueTrick 01:36, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eduard Einstein


text:
Talk:Roundhay Garden Scene

Untitled
It says that the movie only has 4 frames, but when I download it, it even has 18 frames. It still lasts for about 2 seconds. How come?

My thoughts would be that the film was converted to MOV, meaning counting the space in between the frames.

 * The 1930 NSM copy has 20 frames, therefore at 12fps it would run for 1.66 seconds. The later NMPFT digitalized version runs for 2.11 seconds (52 frames at 24.64fps). 31 May 2007

Copying the film to Wikipedia
As this film seems to be in the public domain due to its age, would it be possible to upload a copy to Wikipedia after having converted the file to Ogg Theora format? Andrew (My talk) 00:05, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Go ahead. --The Track Master 14:13, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I have uploaded the film and linked to it from the article, and transferred the link to the original QuickTime movie file from the article to the media description page. If there are any problems, please feel free to leave a message on my talk page. Andrew (My talk) 22:05, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

French-English film?
Since the self-man crew is French, the cast is half French-half English and the shooting location is in England, this film could be considered a French-English film in the infobox (country)? What do you think? :) Cliché Online 13:14, 12 September 2006 (UTC)
 * done! Cliché Online 14:27, 13 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Director listed as French and Country listed as England. 24 June 2007

strange fps rate
The .mov file version is 24.64fps, the modern fps which seems just too much for a prototype. It should be around 12fps instead, 12 are sufficient for animation and lower rate are not correctly animated. So it should be mentionned in the article that the link is actually a reconstruction of the original motion picture not a digitalisation of the original analog work. Cliché Online 14:14, 12 September 2006 (UTC)
 * done! this guy was greater than expected, it was actually 20pps!! 14:27, 13 September 2006 (UTC)
 * But the Louis Le Prince page mentions that Adolphe states Roundhay Garden Scene was shot @ 12fps and Leeds Bridge Scene @ 20fps, so I have edited Roundhay Garden Scene article to match the Louis Le Prince article. 24 May 07

controversy
The controversy is not about "Roundhay Garden Scene" and the '88 single-lens but about "Man Walking Around A Corner" supposedly shot with the '87 16-lens camera "The only 16-lens image apparently taken with this camera was probably made on a single glass plate and not on film, as described in the patent. No films made with this camera have been found.". A film was still in the camera's spooler when it was bring to the Science Museum by Miss Le Prince in 1940. Actually i haven't found any controversy about the '88 camera, and i've browsed all online English & French ressources. however i've noticed a mirror switching that was done on Roundhay Garden Scene, but not mentioned, see Louis Le Prince article. Cliché Online 14:27, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

The missing reel
"It features Adolphe Le Prince, Sarah Whitley, Joseph Whitley and Harriet Hartley walking around and laughing."

It hardly seems appropriate to refer to these people as "actors". Also, the heading "The missing reel" is an unencyclopedic embellishment. No missing reel is mentioned. TheMadBaron 20:20, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what is meant by "the missing reel." Is there a reel that's missing? If there is it's not mentioned in the article. If this is a metaphor for all the backstory, then most people aren't going to get it. I sure don't. If there's an acutal missing reel it ought to be discussed in the article. If there isn't then that section should be renamed. Dyfsunctional 13:55, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Section retitled "Aftermath" on 29 May 2007

 * It/They are missing reels because, as mentioned by the museum, "None of the films or projection apparatus is known to have survived. All we have are copies of paper prints from sections of three films" source Earthsound (talk) 20:27, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

Query re a statement in "Remastered footage"
"In 1930 the NMPFT produced..." Should this read "In 1930 the National Science Museum produced..."? The NMPFT (in Bradford) did not open untill 1983!

Notes on the Roundhay Garden Scene location
The location was the garden of Oakwood Grange in Roundhay, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Oakwood Grange was the home of Joseph and Sarah Whitley, the in-laws of Louis Le Prince. The house was around 175 feet wide (100 feet excluding out-buildings) and the garden about 800 feet long (500 feet excluding side-garden). The building no longer exists, but a cul-de-sac next to the site was named Oakwood Grange in memory of it.The ancient northern perimeter wall is still standing. The 1871 Roundhay census (schedule # 72) lists the Whitley and Le Prince families living in the Roundhay Cottage. 23 May 2008.

Plot
What was the plot? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.200.154.219 (talk) 22:26, 3 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if the above was a serious question (perhaps querying whether this might be a fragment of a longer film) or a joke. In case it was a good faith question, it was just an experiment, basically a home movie. It's a legitimate question to ask if there was more film shot than the 2 seconds that survive, but it wasn't a film with a plotline. I don't believe those began to be made until after 1900. 68.146.41.232 (talk) 23:04, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Sarah Whitley Memorial Inscription
"In memory of Sarah Robinson the beloved wife of Joseph Whitley died October 24th 1888 aged 72 years". 23 May 2008.

Original length?
Obviously the original film wasn't a mere 2 seconds long. Do any records survive indicating its original length? 68.146.81.123 (talk) 01:05, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

 * 2.11 seconds... It wasn't a feature film. 64.234.0.101 (talk) 02:56, 31 August 2010 (UTC)
 * I know it wasn't a feature. But was the original version 5 seconds? 10 seconds? 2.11 really sounds too short to be useful even as an experiment. Considering its age, it is not inconceivable that only 2.11 seconds of the footage has survived. So do we have a source to specify that it was always been 2.11 seconds? 70.72.223.215 (talk) 06:06, 30 May 2012 (UTC)
 * And to revisit the point, at its current length of 2.11 seconds would that make it the shortest film in history to actually be titled and given notoriety? 70.72.215.252 (talk) 00:47, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

Plot from above/Original length
I think it could be very well possibly that the Origional Length and the Plotcould co-exist in one belief. It could be in my opinion that their used to be a plot when it was filmed (possibly people greeting each other and talking). It may of existed of as much as 30.0 secends. And could of included a simple plot. However being a realy old film only the first 2.11 secends were recoverd, the other film was "lost". By lost I mean maybe it was kept by te maker, Misplaced, given or sold away, or something else. (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 03:42, 22 November 2012 by (Dan of knowledge (talk) 21:42, 24 January 2013 (UTC))

Death of Sarah Whiteley
Most internet sources have Sarah Whitely having died ten days after the scene was shot, not the day after, as stated in the article. 109.151.217.188 (talk) 02:16, 21 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Scene shot 14th October 1888 and Sarah died 24th October 1888. (see Ext links) 02 January 2014 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.100.44.231 (talk) 13:29, 2 January 2014 (UTC)

Correct speed?
If the film was shot at 12fps, but is being shown at about 24fps, then could not someone more technically gifted than me create a version where every frame is shown twice? This would show it at the correct speed and make it last longer and hence easier to see. And if there are two surviving versions, then cannot the two versions be merged together unless all the frames are the same? 92.24.187.105 (talk) 23:23, 6 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Why don't you go and make some pastries instead? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.168.131.113 (talk) 15:27, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

"National Science Museum", section "Remastered footage"
The section "Remastered footage" mentions the "National Science Museum" (linking to Science Museum). Should this be renamed? The Science Museum in London has been known as "Science Museum" since 1893 (citation from that page), definitely before 1930 which is when they made the copies. Theoboyd (talk) 23:47, 11 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Correct duration?
Is the duration of the film accurate? At this link https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/01/10/roundhay-garden-scene-is-believed-to-be-the-oldest-known-video-footage/, used as a reference for this article, it says that the copy at The National Science Museum lasts for 1.66 seconds, while the digital remastered version of produced by the National Media Museum lasts for 2.11. However, the former plays at the original frame rate, while the latter is a newer version, that plays at 24.64 frames/s. So, shouldn't the first one's duration be used, as it not a remastered version? I see that in the Spanish version of the article, as well as in the Portuguese one, they say the film lasts for 1.66 seconds, but in the French and the Chinese, it says 2.11. So what is the correct one? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 186.61.103.134 (talk) 18:36, 27 April 2020 (UTC)
 * I think that the original duration should be used, not the duration of the remastered version. — LissanX (talk) 03:34, 28 April 2020 (UTC)
 * I've replaced the file with a different version. This one is much higher resolution and shows each of the 20 frames for $1⁄12$ of a second. (It's encoded as 40 frames at 24 frames per second.) The claim about it being 7 frames per second is currently unsubstantiated, but there's a 7 fps version available too (encoded as 80 frames at 28 fps). hinnk (talk) 23:39, 12 June 2024 (UTC)

Harriet Hartley
Harriet Hartley has an article in the Portuguese WP: Harriet Hartley.--Johnsoniensis (talk) 06:16, 9 June 2020 (UTC)

Who is who in the film
I read this sentence in the article: "Sarah is seen walking – or dancing – backwards as she turns around, and Joseph's coat tails are seen flying as he also is turning." but according to the previous sentence, both were over 70 at the time. Personally, I think the couple on the right looks more like a 70 year old couple, and it would make more sense for the moving people to be the other people described (the videographer's son + another person), but I do not have a source to confirm this in any way. 173.3.32.90 (talk) 19:09, 16 October 2020 (UTC)

“Colloquial”
The phrase “borne out” is perfectly ordinary English, and has been for centuries. (See “bear out” in the Oxford English Dictionary.) I cannot imagine why it should be flagged. John W. Kennedy (talk) 18:20, 16 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Roundhay Garden Scene


text:
Tosk Albanian

Tosk (toskërishtja) is the southern group of dialects of the Albanian language, spoken by the ethnographic group known as Tosks. The line of demarcation between Tosk and Gheg (the northern variety) is the Shkumbin River. Tosk is the basis of the standard Albanian language.

Major Tosk-speaking groups include the Myzeqars of Myzeqe, Labs of Labëria, Chams of Çamëria, Arvanites of Greece and the Arbëreshë of Italy, as well as the original inhabitants of Mandritsa in Bulgaria. In North Macedonia, there were approximately 3000 speakers in the early 1980s.

Tosk features

 * Rhotacism: Proto-Albanian *-n- becomes -r- (e.g. rëra "sand")
 * Tosk dialects preserve groups mb, ngj and nd assimilated to m, nj and n in Gheg.
 * Proto-Albanian *ō becomes va.
 * Nasal vowels: There is a lack of nasal vowels in Tosk (e.g. sy "eye") and Late Proto-Albanian *â plus a nasal becomes ë (e.g. nëntë "nine").
 * e-vowel: The e becomes ë in some varieties in some words qën for qen in Vjosë.
 * ë-vowel: The ë may have several pronunciations depending on dialect: the ë is more backed in Labërisht dialects like that of Vuno, where mëz "foal" is ). Final -ë drops in many Tosk dialects and lengthens the preceding vowel.
 * y-vowel: The y vowel often derounds to i in Labërisht, Çam, Arvanitika and Arbëresh (e.g. dy "two" becomes di).
 * Dh and Ll: These sounds may interchange in some words in some varieties.
 * H: This may drop in any position in some dialects.
 * Gl/Kl: Some varieties of Çam, Arberësh, and Arvanitika retain kl and gl in place of q and gj (e.g. gjuhë "tongue" is gluhë in Çam, gluhë in Siculo-Arberësh, and gljuhë in Arvanitika; "klumësh" for "qumësht" "milk" in Arbëresh).
 * Rr: Rr becomes r in some varieties.

Vowels

 * Mid sounds e, o can also be heard as, in free variation.

title: Tosk Albanian


text:
User talk:Amski

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
 * What Wikipedia is not
 * Wikiquette

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

title: User talk:Amski


text:
Glacial lake

A glacial lake is a body of water with origins from glacier activity. They are formed when a glacier erodes the land and then melts, filling the depression created by the glacier.

Formation
Near the end of the last glacial period, roughly 10,000 years ago, glaciers began to retreat. A retreating glacier often left behind large deposits of ice in hollows between drumlins or hills. As the ice age ended, these melted to create lakes. This is apparent in the Lake District in Northwestern England where post-glacial sediments are normally between 4 and 6 metres deep. These lakes are often surrounded by drumlins, along with other evidence of the glacier such as moraines, eskers and erosional features such as striations and chatter marks.

These lakes are clearly visible in aerial photos of landforms in regions that were glaciated during the last ice age.

The formation and characteristics of glacial lakes vary between location and can be classified into glacial erosion lake, ice-blocked lake, moraine-dammed lake, other glacial lake, supraglacial lake, and subglacial lake.

Glacial lakes and changing climate
Since the glaciation of the Little Ice Age, Earth has lost more than 50% of its glaciers. This along with the current increase in retreating glaciers caused by climate change has created a shift from frozen to liquid water, increasing the extent and volume of glacial lakes around the world. Most glacial lakes present today can be found in Asia, Europe, and North America. The area which will see the greatest increase in lake formation is the Southern Tibetan Plateau region from debris covered glaciers. This increase in glacial lake formation also indicates an increase in occurrence of glacial lake outburst flood events caused by damming and subsequent breaking of moraine and ice.

Sediments
The amount of sediment found in glacial lakes varies, and has a general stratigraphic sequence of organic muds, glacial clays, silty clays, and sands based on time of formation.

Over time the glacial lake sediments are subjected to change. As seen in the English Lake District, the layers of the sediments at the bottom of the lakes contain evidence of the rate of erosion. The elemental make up of the sediments are not associated with the lakes themselves, but by the migration of the elements within the soil, such as iron and manganese.

The distribution of these elements, within the lake bed, are attributed to the condition of the drainage basin and the chemical composition of the water.

Sediment deposition can also be influenced by animal activity; including the distribution of biochemical elements, which are elements that are found in organic organisms, such as phosphorus and sulfur.

The amount of halogens and boron found in the sediments accompanies a change in erosional activity. The rate of deposition reflects the amount of halogen and boron in the deposited sediments.

The scouring action of the glaciers pulverizes minerals in the rock over which the glacier passes. These pulverized minerals become sediment at the bottom of the lake, and some of the rock flour becomes suspended in the water column. These suspended minerals support a large population of algae, making the water appear green.

Glacial lake sediments also archive changes in geochemistry and pollen records as a result of climate change and human activities. During the transition from the Last Glacial Period to the Holocene climatic optimum, soil development was enhanced, whereas early human activities such as deforestation have resulted in elevated soil erosion. These events can be reflected in geochemistry and isotope signatures in the lake sediments.

Biotic ecosystem
Biodiversity and productivity tend to be lower in glacial lakes as only cold-tolerant and cold-adapted species can withstand their harsh conditions. Glacial rock flour and low nutrient levels create an oligotrophic environment where few species of plankton, fish and benthic organisms reside.

Before becoming a lake the first stages of glacial recession melt enough freshwater to form a shallow lagoon. In the case of Iceland's Jökulsárlón glacial lagoon located on the edge of the Atlantic Ocean, tides bring in an array of fish species to the edge of the glacier. These fish attract an abundance of predators from birds to marine mammals, that are searching for food. These predators include fauna such as, seals, arctic terns and arctic skua.

Glacial lakes that have been formed for a long period of time have a more diverse ecosystem of fauna originating form neighboring tributaries or other glacial refugia. For example, many native species of the great lakes basin entered via the Mississippi basin refugia within the past 14,000 years.

Societal perspectives
Glacial lakes act as fresh water storage for the replenishing of a region's water supply and serve as potential electricity producers from hydropower.

Glacial lakes' aesthetic nature can also stimulate economic activity through the attraction of the tourism industry. Thousands of tourists visit the Jökulsárlón glacial lagoon in Iceland annually to take part in commercial boat tours and every two to four years thousands visit the Argentino glacial lake in Argentina to witness the collapse of the cyclically formed arch of ice from the Perito Moreno glacier, making it one of the largest travel destinations in Patagonia.

title: Glacial lake


text:
William Bowen (rugby union)

William Bowen (1862 – 26 September 1925) was a Welsh international rugby union player who played club rugby for Swansea and was capped 13 times for Wales. Bowen captained Wales on one occasion.

Rugby career
Bowen was first selected to play for Wales against England at the Rectory Field, Blackheath in 1886 under the captaincy of Charlie Newman. Although Wales lost the game, the press were generally positive of the Welsh play and pointed out the forwards for their strong play. Bowen was re-selected for the next game of the 1886 Home Nations Championship this time against Scotland at the Cardiff Arms Park.

In 1887 Bowen played in all three games of the 1887 Championship, including the draw with England at Llanelli's cricket ground and the win against Ireland at Birkenhead Park. The Scottish game was not a memorable match for Wales, with the Scottish players running in twelve tries without reply, including five for George Lindsay. Although Bowen missed the 1888 tournament he did play against the touring New Zealand Maoris.

After playing all five games of the 1889 and 1990 Championships, Bowen was given the captaincy against England on 3 January 1891. Wales lost the game, and the captaincy was passed to Llanelli's William H. Thomas, though at the time the captaincy was normally chosen by the players before the match rather than by the selectors. Bowen's last game for Wales was against Scotland at Raeburn Place in another one sided win for the Scottish team.

International matches played
Wales
 * 1886, 1887, 1890, 1891
 * 1887, 1889, 1890
 * 1888
 * 1886, 1887, 1889, 1890, 1891

title: William Bowen (rugby union)


text:
User talk:Al Biglan

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Al Biglan


text:
User talk:The Storm Surfer/old1

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

Eris-stub
Hello. I notice that you added Eris-stub to the stub types page. Note that the top of the page states:

"To avoid unnecessary redirects and reverts, please discuss all new stubs at Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Criteria prior to creation of new stubs and placement in articles or tables."

I have therefore moved the entry to the relevant location, here. --TheParanoidOne 12:35, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

RobotE
Thanks for you message. The changes of RobotE of Hebrew link, the one you mentioned Tarsier and which I checked, is only to use other characters. The new links leads to the same article as the old link.
 * old: קופיף
 * new: קופיף

Please check the code to see the difference. Regards, Ellywa 03:50, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:The Storm Surfer/old1


text:
Volvo 480

The Volvo 480 is a sporty compact car that was produced in Born, Netherlands, by Volvo from 1986 to 1995. It was the first front-wheel drive car made by Volvo and the only Volvo featuring pop-up headlights. The 480 was available in only one body style on an automobile platform related to the Volvo 440/460 five-door hatchback and four-door saloon models.

It features an unusual four-seat, three-door hatchback body, somewhere between liftback and estate in form. The 480 was marketed as a coupé in Europe starting in 1986. The car was originally intended to be marketed in the United States as a 2+2 "sports wagon" in the fall 1987, although these plans were cancelled due to the continued weakness of the U.S. dollar during 1987.

Development
Volvo took six years from the time the 480 was conceived, through its development, and finally brought to production readiness. The press launch was on October 15, 1985, but the 480 was first put on public show in March at the 1986 Geneva Motor Show, becoming available to buyers in May 1986.

Volvo described the car as a four seater with "sporty styling" and the first front wheel driven Volvo. The press described it as having a "sleek hatch body" in contrast to Volvo's traditional "boxcar look". The 480 was the first Volvo of its style since the P1800ES, and the last until the unveiling of the C30. All of these models featured a frameless glass hatch for cargo access.

The 480 was produced in Born, Netherlands, at the factory that built DAF cars, including the DAF 66 based Volvo 66, and later, the Volvo 300 Series. The 480 was the forerunner of the Volvo 440 and 460 models, which were built on the same platform.

For weight saving and pedestrian safety reasons, certain panels such as the nose-cone and hood were made from composite materials. Volvo also claimed that it was one of the first cars sold in Europe featuring bumpers designed to comply with United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) regulations to withstand a 5 mph front rear impact without damage to the engine, lights, and safety equipment. The decision to incorporate pop-up headlights into the design was done to meet NHTSA standards on minimum headlight height while maintaining the aerodynamic shape. However, although it was foreseen to sell 25,000 cars overseas, the introduction of the Volvo 480 to the American market was postponed indefinitely in February 1988, citing unfavourable market conditions and the US dollar exchange rate. The federalized engine, however, did allow Volvo to export the 480 Turbo to Japan in 1989 with some additional minor changes to the trim and side markers. The cleaned-up engine produced 115 hp-metric at 5400 rpm and 175 Nm at 4200 rpm. Of the 300 examples exported to Japan, 295 were left-hand drive with a manual gearbox, whereas the remaining 5 were right-hand drive automatics. To keep the width under the 1.7-metre threshold, allowing it to fit into the compact car tax class, Japanese-market cars have no trim strips on the bumpers and use the earlier, slimmer side trim pieces. Imports to the country stopped in 1991.

The concept was to market a modern, compact front-wheel drive car with a unique low-slung design targeting buyers "between 25 and 40, probably with a higher than average education and with a career." Designed by Volvo's Dutch subsidiary, the "sporty 480 ES coupé" was introduced to change the automaker's "frumpy image" and into the "yuppie" market segment.

Daytime running lights, illuminated driver's door lock, follow-me-home headlights with 30 second delay & automatic rear wiper in reverse gear were among the electronic features that were considered advanced for the time. An fully electronic 'Info Centre', which incorporated a fuel gauge as well as 7 other measurements including estimated range, instant MPG and average speed was standard on most models.

Volvo highlighted that the car was "well-endowed with advanced electronics" and the press release described in detail the numerous features. The 480 had good handling, due in part to its Lotus designed suspension. The normally aspirated Renault engines were reliable.

Limited Edition (Paris blue)
In 1991, to mark the release of a new colour to the range, Paris Blue, Volvo offered a special edition 480 called "The Paris Edition". It featured turquoise bumper and trim inserts, as well as a unique interior, featuring two-tone turquoise and grey leather upholstery, speckled multicoloured carpet, and a MOMO leather steering wheel with grey and turquoise strip. It also received a front chin spoiler, 14-inch Atlas 5-spoke alloy wheels and was available from factory with the naturally aspirated 1.7 catalysed engine. A unique sample with 1.7 turbo engine was displayed at the 75th anniversary of the Paris Motor Show in 1992. This limited edition was discontinued shortly after and replaced by the "Two-Tone" limited edition car.

Limited Edition (Two-Tone)
1992 saw the release of another Limited Edition (commonly referred to as the "Two-Tone"), which featured a distinctive green and silver two-tone metallic paint scheme, leather steering wheel, and a unique half leather interior. The 'Two-Tone' came in the different engine types, always had a lower chin spoiler and 15-inch Taurus 5-spoke alloy wheels as standard kit until it was discontinued in 1993. Like the 'Paris blue' Limited Edition, the 'Two-Tone' Limited Edition was not limited to any specific production number.

GT
For the UK market in 1994, the GT was introduced as a strict run of 250 cars. It was available in two colours only; Racing Green Metallic and Burgundy Pearl Metallic. The all-leather interior was specially designed by an artist and featured a red, green, and brown printed pattern, which was unique to each car. The GT also featured Air-conditioning as standard, 15-inch multi-spoke Vesa alloys, and was only available with the 2.0 engine. The GT was sold outside of the UK, however, it was simply an option pack, not a standalone model, and did not feature the same interior or wheels as the UK models, and unlike the UK market GTs, could be optioned with a Turbo.

Celebration
1995 saw the United Kingdom release of the "Celebration" limited edition of 480 specially equipped and numbered cars. Celebrations were sold only in three colours, Dark Grey Metallic, Burgundy Metallic, and Satin White. A ruched leather interior, 15-inch 6-spoke Cetus alloy wheels, and air-conditioning (in-lieu of a moonroof) were among the standard features found on the Celebration. The Celebration was sold as the 'Collection ' in mainland Europe, also being a limited edition of a separate 480 examples.

Technical Data
†Volvo's figures vary considerably over the years

Annual changes

 * 1987 - Anti-locking braking system (ABS) becomes available as an optional extra.
 * 1988 - The Turbo version was introduced, the Garrett AiResearch turbocharger increasing the power from 109 PS to 120 PS. Maximum torque was 175 Nm compared to the 140 Nm for the naturally aspirated 1.7 engine. All Turbo models featured ABS as standard.
 * 1991 - The 480 received new mirrors, headrests for the back seats, as well as subtle modifications to the trim and body-coloured bumpers. That same year, upcoming EU Euro 1 emissions legislation meant that catalytic converters were fitted to all models except for certain export markets. The fuel tank size was also increased from 48 litres to 60 litres. At this time, the power of the uncatalyzed versions changed to 106 hp-metric for the naturally aspirated B18 engine and 122 hp-metric for the Turbo.
 * 1992 - The introduction of a new trim level called the 'S'. This trim served as the entry model and lacked certain features as standard that were found on the higher spec 'ES' models, such as alloy wheels, front fog lamps, electric moonroof and the digital info centre. Also introduced was a total closure system whereby the key can be held in the lock position to close the windows and (where fitted) the moonroof. Initially, the 'S' came with unpainted bumpers as standard.
 * 1993 - Due to the lack of torque on the naturally aspirated 1.7, partly a result of power sapping emission controls, a larger 2.0 engine was introduced, also based on the same Renault F-Type engine architecture. It first became available for the 1993 model year, and the same ZF four-speed automatic transmission was also offered.
 * 1994 - The 480 also received its last update, and now sported clear front turn signals, a third side intrusion bar in both doors, and a driver's airbag as standard. The standard grey velour upholstery was replaced with black half-leather. Full leather upholstery, however, remained a factory option.
 * 1995 - Celebration/Collection editions sold each with a run of 480 units to mark the end of production. Production ended on 7 September 1995, with 76,375 Volvo 480s made between over a 9-year period. The last 480 produced, a Storm Grey 2.0 ES, resides in the Volvo Museum in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Earlier CEM modules featured a "passing" function for the wipers, whereby fully depressing the accelerator pedal will switch intermittent wipers to full. All 480s featured automatic rear windscreen wiper when selecting reverse gear.

Legacy & Contemporary reviews
Following its release, the 480 was generally praised among the motoring press, both for its driving characteristics and comfort features, with motoring magazine WhatCar? declaring it the overall winner in a comparison with the Honda Accord Aerodeck in a 1987 twin-test. Motorsport magazine commented on the sporty, but "obedient" handling, with "minimal understeer" and a stable chassis during cross-winds. Despite this, poor build quality and reliability at launch led to one Dutch car magazine to dub it the "coupe from hell".

Writing about the demise of the 480 in Car Magazine, journalist Richard Bremner wrote about the car's decent power and low weight combination. "This meant there was some danger of a sporty steer — pretty radical from a company that considered having fun at the wheel as acceptable as seducing a nun," he commented. "Good grief, a Volvo worth preserving. And there aren't many of them."

He also commented on the last versions for the United Kingdom as, "And Celebration it was too, as Europe waved goodbye to the badly built, pointless, DAF coupé with an outrageous asking price of £16,500. That paid for the CD player, alloys, leather, and a "pointless hallmarked plaque" glued to the dashboard." It "was no sports car" with most being "ridiculously underpowered" and available to collectors "at rock bottom" prices.

Prototypes

The 480 factory also made several prototypes, including a supercharged version (G-Lader), a version with a sixteen-valve engine, and a version with a turbocharged 2.0 L engine.

A one-off electric prototype was produced in 1986 and had a claimed range of 120 km on a full charge. Its 15.6kWh nickel cadmium battery & separately magnetised DC motor produced 42 hp and 0-30 mph took around 9 seconds. The car could be recharged using a domestic plug socket located underneath the front number plate, and could seat two people, with the 300 kg battery replacing the rear seats. The spare wheel was relocated from the boot to the engine bay, with the electric motor taking the place of the standard petrol engine. This was purely a technical exercise, with Volvo having no intention on bringing it to market.

A convertible was announced to the press in the summer of 1987, but not seen in public until the 1990 Geneva Motor Show. It was planned to be launched at the beginning of 1991, but did not make production after a supplier declared bankruptcy, and concerns over rollover safety protection. Several convertible prototypes survive, as well as numerous aftermarket conversions. A Targa top was also proposed.

title: Volvo 480


text:
User talk:Matthewvelie

WikiProject University of Central Florida
--Scpmarlins (talk) 18:41, 4 August 2009 (UTC)

File source problem with File:SmallIST.gif
Thank you for uploading File:SmallIST.gif. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of that website's terms of use of its content. However, if the copyright holder is a party unaffiliated from the website's publisher, that copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider verifying that you have specified sources for those files as well. You can find a list of files you have created [ in your upload log]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged per Wikipedia's criteria for speedy deletion, F4. If the image is copyrighted and non-free, the image will be deleted 48 hours after 23:59, 4 May 2011 (UTC) per speedy deletion criterion F7. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem. You may wish to read the Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.  Ron h jones (Talk) 23:59, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Lgmap.gif
Thank you for uploading File:Lgmap.gif. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.

If the necessary information is not added within the next days, the image will be deleted. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem.

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title: User talk:Matthewvelie


text:
User talk:Marcoo~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!-Willmcw 18:39, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

PS I see that in Anti-Zionism you added a link to the "Olga Document". Is there a special significane to this document? Thanks, -Willmcw 18:39, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

As far as I know, this document is the first public one to express Israeli and Jewish Anti-Zionist proposition about the conflict with Palestinians. It was signed by famous activists like Oren Medicks and Michel Warschawski, and by intellectuals, like Avi Mograbi and Eyal Sivan, two film makers (the first one was in Cannes Festival this year), the former Deputy Mayor of Jerusalem Meron Benvenisti, some journalists like Haim Hanegbi, the director of the University Theatre (University of Haifa) Avraham Oz. The appeal was written after a series of public and private meetings. --Marcoo 20:35, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. It might be worth an article of its own. Cheers, -Willmcw 21:00, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

New anti-Semitism
Marcoo, please answer the questions I've left for you on the Talk:New anti-Semitism page; it appears to me that the arguments you are making are not about New anti-Semitism at all. Jayjg (talk) 22:45, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I just answered the questions you asked me just one hour ago (don't be so impatient !). They are about "New anti-Semitism". --Marcoo 22:50, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Marcoo, your edits are not meeting Wikipedia standards; please see the Talk: page to work out issues there. Let's not have another revert war, as all of your previous edits on various articles have engendered. Jayjg (talk) 19:32, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Jayjg, you are invited to explain your massive deletion before doing them. It's nice for others. --Marcoo 19:34, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Alternatively, you could propose your massive changes in Talk: rather than inserting and then reverting to them. It's bad enough that you use all French sources which are hard to examine; as it is, I've heard others propose that foreign language links simply not be used in English Wikipedia. As well, you know that edits to the article are bound to be controversial to begin with, since you clearly have been editing Wikipedia for the purpose of representing, shall we say, one specific perspective on the whole Arab-Israeli conflict. Jayjg (talk) 20:08, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * "It's bad enough that you use all French sources which are hard to examine; as it is, I've heard others propose that foreign language links simply not be used in English Wikipedia." -> this is not the actual policy. My sources are relevant and acceptable.

"As well, you know that edits to the article are bound to be controversial to begin with, since you clearly have been editing Wikipedia for the purpose of representing, shall we say, one specific perspective on the whole Arab-Israeli conflict." -> Many articles on Palestinian-Israeli conflict doesn't respect the NPoV. From my point of view, these articles, specially those in which you are editor, have a important pro-Zionist bias. Before I inserted new facts on Muhammad al-Durrah's controversy, almost all the paragraph was about arguments from people reproaching Enderlin with not making correctly his journalist job. Just few little lines for Enderlin's explanation. --Marcoo 20:31, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

"you could propose your massive changes in Talk: rather than inserting and then reverting to them" -> I gave since the beginning the sources of my inserts. My behaviour is the normal behaviour on Wikipedia, yours when deleting everything before talking is not a normal behaviour. --Marcoo 20:33, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Marcoo. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Marcoo~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:19, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:54, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Marcoo~enwiki


text:
User talk:Mcthree

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
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 * Wikiquette

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

title: User talk:Mcthree