text:
Deacon White

James Laurie "Deacon" White (December 2, 1847 – July 7, 1939) was an American baseball player who was one of the principal stars during the first two decades of the sport's professional era. The outstanding catcher of the 1870s during baseball's barehanded period, he caught more games than any other player during the decade, and was a major figure on five consecutive championship teams from 1873 to 1877 – three in the National Association (NA), in which he played throughout its five-year existence from 1871 to 1875, and two in the National League (NL), which was formed as the first fully recognized major league in 1876, partially as a result of White and three other stars moving from the powerhouse Boston Red Stockings to the Chicago White Stockings. Although he was already 28 when the NL was established, White played 15 seasons in the major leagues, completing a 23-year career at the top levels of the sport.

In 1871, White was the first batter to come to the plate in the National Association, the first professional baseball league. After compiling a .347 batting average over five NA seasons, he led the NL in runs batted in (RBI) in its first two seasons of play, and also led the league in batting (.387), slugging average, hits, triples and total bases in a brief shift to first base in 1877. For three years afterward, he joined his younger brother Will, a successful pitcher, with the Cincinnati Reds and Cincinnati Stars. In his mid-30s he became an effective third baseman when the toil of catching had become too great, and was a major force on the championship Detroit Wolverines team of 1887, batting .303 at age 39. Over the 20-year period of his career, White batted .312 and had more RBI (988) than any player except Cap Anson. Upon his retirement, he was among baseball's all-time leaders in career games, at bats, hits and total bases. He ranked fourth in career total chances at third base, fifth in assists, and sixth in putouts and double plays. White was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2013.

Early life
White was born in Caton, New York, the son of farmer Lester S. White (born c. 1820) and his wife Adeline (born c. 1823). The couple had at least eight children: Oscar Leroy (born c. 1844), James, Elmer Melville (born c. 1851), William (1854 – 1911), Phebe Davis (born c. 1856), Estelle (born c. 1858), George (c. 1862 – after 1939 ) and Hattie (born c. 1867); they also adopted a girl named Phebe Maynard (born c. 1876) when they were in their fifties. White's ancestors likely immigrated to America during the Colonial period. His cousin Elmer White also played baseball professionally as James' teammate in 1871; in March 1872, Elmer was the first recorded professional baseball player to die.

Baseball career
White learned baseball from a Union soldier who returned to his hometown after the Civil War in 1865. His pro career began in 1868 with the Cleveland Forest Citys club, at a time when no team was entirely composed of professional players. He earned the first hit in baseball's first fully professional league – a double off Bobby Mathews of the Fort Wayne Kekiongas in the first inning of the first game in National Association history on May 4, 1871; he also made the first catch. His long career allowed him to play with many of the legendary figures of 19th-century professional baseball; White played on the great National Association Boston Red Stockings teams of the early 1870s, and also played with Cap Anson and Al Spalding in Chicago, King Kelly in Cincinnati, Dan Brouthers in Buffalo, and Ned Hanlon and Sam Thompson in Detroit, as well as Jake Beckley and Pud Galvin in Pittsburgh.

White led his league in batting average twice (including the NA in 1875), and in RBI three times (including the NA in 1873); not until 1953, when Roy Campanella topped the NL, would another catcher lead his league in RBI. White started out early enough to have played against the undefeated Cincinnati Red Stockings of 1869, baseball's first all-professional team. He was considered the best barehanded catcher of his time, as well as one of the best third baseman during the second half of his career; his combined total of games caught in the NA and NL was eventually passed by Pop Snyder in 1881. On May 16, 1884 White recorded 11 assists at third base, which remains the major league record for a nine-inning game although eight other players have since tied the mark. In the rough-and-tumble 19th-century baseball era, White was a nonsmoking, Bible-toting, church-going deacon.

In 1889, the contracts of White and teammate Jack Rowe were sold to the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, but the pair refused to report unless they were paid additional money, leading to a protracted dispute. Eventually the two men were paid, with White telling a reporter, "We appreciate the money, but we ain't worth it. Rowe's arm is gone. I'm over 40 and my fielding ain't so good, though I can still hit some. But I will say this. No man is going to sell my carcass unless I get half." Complaints like this were part of the reason that the Players' League was formed in 1890.

According to historian Lee Allen in The National League Story (1961), White believed that the earth is flat. He tried and failed to convince his teammates that they were living on a flat plane and not a globe; they ridiculed him. Then one asked to be convinced, and the Deacon gave him an argument suited to the hypothesis that the earth is not really turning. He convinced the teammate but the argument would not prove that the earth is not a sphere.

White's playing career ended after the 1890 season. Over the 20-year period from 1871 to 1890, White batted .312 and had more RBI (988) than any player except Cap Anson, and also ranked fourth in career games (1,560), at bats (6,624), hits (2,067) and total bases (2,595). He also ended his career ranking fourth in major league history in games (826) and total chances (3,016) at third base, fifth in assists (1,618), and sixth in putouts (954) and double plays (118).

White managed the minor league club Elmira Gladiators of the New York–Pennsylvania League in 1891. He has been incorrectly credited with managing the McAlester Miners of the Oklahoma–Arkansas–Kansas League (1907) and the Tulsa Oilers of the Oklahoma–Kansas League (1908). Both teams were actually managed by Harry B. "Deacon" White.

Family and later life
White married Marium Van Arsdale (born 1851 in Moravia, New York) on April 24, 1871. For much of his career, they lived on his farm in Corning, New York; they moved to Buffalo after he joined the Bisons in 1881. Their only child, Grace Hughson White, was born in Buffalo on September 8, 1882. The family moved to Detroit when White began playing for the Wolverines, but soon returned to Buffalo; by 1900 he was operating a successful livery stable there.

Sometime after 1900, the Whites sent Grace to Mendota College in Mendota, Illinois, beginning a family association with the Advent Christian school which would endure across multiple generations. By 1909, James and Marium had also moved to Mendota, where they became the head residents at Maple Hall, the young ladies' dormitory, until 1912. On August 15, 1912, Grace married fellow Mendota alumnus Roger A. Watkins at the dormitory; that year, the college had relocated fifty miles to the east, becoming Aurora College. Marium died on April 30, 1914, in Mendota; one of Aurora's students recalled of "Ma" White: "She was of a cheery disposition, with a word and a smile for all; mingling with the girls as one of us; giving kindly counsel and encouragement. Her interest in each girl is expressed in her own words: 'I am only doing what I would like to have some one else do for my girl, if she were away from home.' Words cannot express our appreciation of such kind and personal interest." Roger and Grace Watkins continued to be involved with the college, and moved to Aurora in 1920; in 1927 Roger joined the college's board of directors, serving until 1971, all but the first two years also as the board's secretary. By 1930 Deacon White had remarried, and with his wife Alice moved into the Watkins home at 221 Calumet Avenue, next door to the college president.

White died at age 91 in the early morning of July 7, 1939, at the Watkins' summer cottage at Rude Camp, the college's retreat on the Fox River in St. Charles Township; having been in good health, his death was attributed to a disastrous heat wave. He had been scheduled to be the principal guest of honor at Aurora's celebration of baseball's centennial the following day; the festivities instead featured a tribute to his memory. White had been greatly disappointed over not having been invited to the opening ceremonies to the Baseball Hall of Fame that summer, having been completely overlooked in the voting for inductees. His funeral was held at Aurora's Healy Chapel, and he was buried at Restland Cemetery in Mendota. He was survived by his second wife Alice, who had been staying in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, at the time of his death, by his younger brother George, and by his daughter Grace (1882–1956 ) and her husband Roger (1888–1977 ).

Hall of Fame
In August 2008, White was named as one of ten former players who began their careers before 1943 to be considered by the Veterans Committee for induction into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2009; although he fell short in final voting, he received the most votes of any player whose career ended before 1940. In 2010, the Nineteenth Century Committee of the Society for American Baseball Research named White the year's Overlooked 19th Century Baseball Legend — a 19th-century player, manager, executive or other baseball personality not yet inducted into the Hall of Fame.

On December 3, 2012, the National Baseball Hall of Fame announced that he was elected to the Hall of Fame by the new Pre-Integration Era Committee (pre-1947 era), receiving 14 out of 16 votes; he and two others elected by the Committee were inducted on July 28, 2013, with his acceptance speech given by his great-grandson Jerry Watkins, the son of White's grandson Daniel. With over 166 years between his birth and date of induction (and nearly three-quarters of a century after his death), White is the "oldest" person ever inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

title: Deacon White


text:
Talk:Taiji (musician)

Name
I'm not sure if the japanese kanji for taiji's name is correct or not since I can't read japanese, but I think it's right because I got it from the same site (http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_JAPAN) at the same place (except under information about taiji) that had the kanji for hide's name and it is the same in his wiki. ^My JPWP comes up with 沢田　退治 but it could be wrong. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Steal2  (talk • contribs)  14:49, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

 * 沢田泰司 is correct. He changed the kanji to 沢田大司 for a few years in the 1990s, but I am not sure how important it would be to include that in an English article.  Japanese music magazines of the time would be good sources to cite if its inclusion is necessary. Ibanez100 (talk) 21:07, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

Statements about living persons
I deleted two parts of this article in compliance with WP:BLPSOURCES.

The first was a statement regarding Mitsuo Takeuchi's activities with D.T.R in 1996. A source was cited, however the source actually contradicted the statement in the article. Beyond that, the cited source, jame-world.com, is a fan site written by volunteers and has a reputation for incomplete and inaccurate information - in fact the cited page itself contained numerous errors. A reliable source (which actually contains the information in question) should be cited for the statement that D.T.R was put on hold due to Taiji's personal problems, however I did not delete that as (sadly) the rules regarding living persons no longer apply to Taiji.

The second and more serious was the paragraph regarding D.T.R in 2009. I deleted the entire paragraph in compliance with WP:BLPSOURCES. The paragraph made claims in regard to living persons (the other D.T.R members and staff members) which were both unsourced and written from an extremely biased point of view. The paragraph seemed to be based on an inaccurate fan translation of one of Taiji's own blog posts and did not account for anyone's side of the story other than Taiji's. Even if the translation were accurate (and it was not), none of the claims in it, not even disbandment, were ever confirmed by anyone other than Taiji himself. Every statement made was therefore non-neutral and contentious. If something regarding that Taiji blog post is to be included in the article, a reliable translation should be found and cited and the statements regarding it should be written in a neutral manner, for example "in a post in his personal blog, Taiji stated that..." or something along those lines.

I found these to be the two most significant problems as they contained contentious statements about living persons, however the entire article is fraught with errors and unsourced statements and could also use some general editing for clarity and grammar. Hopefully someone else can help out as well.

Ibanez100 (talk) 20:52, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

Reliability of JaME as a source, and the statement regarding Taiji's "personal problems"
WP:RS

JaME (www.jame-world.com) is by its own admission both a fan site and a promotional site. To quote from http://www.jame-world.com/us/about-jame.html:

"The prime objective of JaME is to spread the popularity of contemporary Japanese music to the people of Europe and America."

"the JaME team is made up of volunteers with a strong passion for Japanese music. "

"JaME has passed all expectations of its original inception as a fan site to reach a high level of quality. JaME is not yet a company per se but we do however incorporate a series of pay for services including promotional services as well as a donation program to support our website and other activities."

JaME's D.T.R article (http://www.jame-world.com/us/artists-biography-336-d-t-r.html) contains both promotional hyperbole and a large number of errors. Here are a few examples.

Promotional hyperbole:

D.T.R is "one of the few Japanese groups that could actually be described as melodic heavy metal". (There are many Japanese bands that could be described as melodic heavy metal. It is debatable whether D.T.R's music could even be described as melodic heavy metal itself.)

"They left a very strong impact on the metal world." (I can't think of any Japanese bands influenced by D.T.R. Outside of Japan, they are unknown.)

Errors:

"All English lyrics". (A few of their songs are in Japanese.)

"After bassist Sawada Taiji left legendary bands X and Loudness, he created a new project called D.T.R.. Taiji was soon joined by Fujimoto Taiji (ex Judy and Mary and DANCER) and Kuroda Tonoyuki on guitars..." (The correct spelling is Kuroda Tomoyuki, and he was not part of the original lineup.)

"D.T.R.'s first album, Dirty Trash Road, was released in July. ... An acoustic version of this album introduced two new members to D.T.R.: Ichiro on guitars and Komori Shigeo on keyboards." (Both albums were released on the same day with the same member lineup, therefore no one was a new member.)

There are even more where those came from, and in various other band profiles as well. I hope it is now clear why JaME is not a reliable source.

Additionally, nothing relating to the claim that "D.T.R was put on hold when Taiji was going through personal problems" is mentioned in the JaME article to begin with. Where does this statement come from? Ibanez100 (talk) 20:34, 8 August 2011 (UTC)

Dispute over death being suicide
Requesting the suicide references be removed. Per http://022.holidayblog.jp/?p=5794 there is reasonable doubt of homicide and an ongoing investigation. -anon, 24:34 27 July 2011, PDT — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.154.215.101 (talk) 07:35, 27 July 2011 (UTC)

 * That source looks extremely tabloidish. Unless the source's credibility can be established or the same information can be found from a credible source, I would not consider it reasonable enough doubt for removal of the suicide references, which are well sourced. Ibanez100 (talk) 22:58, 27 July 2011 (UTC)

Another request for suicide references to be removed. Taiji's fiancee, Tomomi, who saw his body before he was taken off life support, has testified that he had no neck wounds at all, which would put "suicide by hanging" entirely in dispute as a cause of death no matter how many "official" sources state it. Also, there was no autopsy and the death certificate was issued by the detaining authorities, which is suspect as well. If you need to source this, Tomomi is @Tomomi_Red on Twitter and she will tell you what she saw (and she has plenty of tweets about it for anyone interested). Can we at least list the cause of death as disputed? I know we can't list as homicide until the certificate is reissued, but seeing as it is seriously disputed by his fiancee and by people who knew him, to the point of pressuring the Japanese embassy to look into the matter, "disputed" or "potentially suicide but disputed" would be FAR more accurate and respectful. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.127.113.130 (talk)

 * Find one reliable source about this and it can be added. If the embassy looked into it like you claim than surely it has been reported on. Xfansd (talk) 17:07, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Taiji (musician)


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Talk:Soapland

Gay men
Whoever it was that made the last edit (about Soaplands for gay men) could you explain what businesses you're talking about? I've never seen/heard of any, and I've read the major Japanese gay guides. -Exploding Boy 18:50, May 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * If there is no evidence, move it to the talk page until some is produced. -Justinc 22:51, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Illegal?
Prostitution was not made illegal. Rather, several things related to prostitution were made illegal in order to prevent abuse of the prostitutes. I would therefore propose rewritting the last section which implies that prostitution (as it occures in the general sense: coital and non-cotial) is illegal. However, there is a law aginst furnishing a buisness for prostitution (full coitus) which would apply to Soapland.

Non-coitus acts are regulated, and therefore are a legitimate form of business as defined by the Businesses Affecting Public Morals Regulation Law of 1948.

Yoshiwara
Yoshiwara does not exist in modern Tokyo - and when Yoshiwara did exist, Soaplands did not. I move to change this to Kabukicho - where Soaplands are rife. Any objections?

Am changing -Kunchan 18:57, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Yes it does exist still in Yoshiwara in numbers more than 100. It is the biggest complex of soaplands in Tokyo. —Preceding unsigned comment added by MOMO0307 (talk • contribs) 08:29, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Yes, it still does exist, although not called Yoshiwara any longer. It is present-day Senzoku 4-chome.. you can walk from Asakusa station. As the previous commenter said, there are still a large number of soaplands there, some done up to look in the traditional style. It attracts a different clientele from Kabukicho, and is more of a by-appointment-only type of place. 猫に小判 11:36, 24 September 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 猫に小判 (talk • contribs)

About Soaplands; some data that should possibly be added.
In Susukino (the Sapporo blue-light district (about the same as red, but still keeping the 'secret' in 'open secret)), gaijin aren't usually welcome in businesses where sex may occur for reasons that include the embarrassment of the locals (it's hard for a salaryman to relax with gaijin around), different body type (gaijin tend to have body hair and--even if you shave it all off, have different odors and shapes), communication problems (mochiron), assumptions (the stock answer is that 'gaijin make difficult requests'...probably for things that only specialists do.), and flat out ethnocentrism.

Tempted by the idea of a bubble dance and saddened (and a little offended) at my exclusion as a gaijin, I asked (politely, in Japanese) some of the soapland operators if all said establishments excluded gaijin, and was eventually given the name of one or two (Nyu Yookaa; I had to take a Taxi to find it.)

The routine is: Waiting room (so you don't see other guests.) Escorted to shower room. Undress, sit, be bathed everywhere, slowly, with soap. Rinsed, soak in the bath. Both brush teeth. KY and water mixed and put on air mattress. Girl puts you on mattress where you are passively (so don't try to use your hands!) 'bubble-danced'; she slides her body on and around yours in ways expertly calculated to produce almost overwhelming pleasant sensations.

Then the possible (probable) 'release', where it may be okay for you to return caresses (ask.)

Then rinsed and washed and rinsed and possibly massaged or showered (depending on how much time you have left) and done.

I was feeling pretty unwelcome in Japan after being excluded from every 'unusual' bar and establishment around (as well as some normal restaurants and shops), and found I liked the country less as a result. Knowing that there are exceptions--if you look hard enough--helps me cling to my affection for this place. So, I thought I'd come online and share in the hopes that some of this information might make it to the original article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.216.124.124 (talk) 03:35, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

The above is fairly accurate, but what may not be apparent to foreigners is that if you succeed in finding a place that accepts 'gaijin', the girls there are almost certainly Korean or Chinese (even if they speak Japanese and have names like 'Keiko' or 'Yukari'). 猫に小判 11:51, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

Female attendants
Are the bathing assistants called "soap-jo"? I've seen that word in some DVD JAV ads. -76.66.193.69 (talk) 09:25, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

Sushi?
Is this a joke? (I mean the line "Sushi may be consumed...")

If the writer meant to say that sometimes the customer eats food at the establishment, they certainly wrote it awkwardly. Please reconsider. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.17.169.192 (talk) 04:42, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I've removed it as obvious nonsense. Feel free to edit yourself in future. -Exploding Boy (talk) 05:45, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

Nationwide contest
A nationwide contest for renaming brothels in Japan - come off it! This, at the very least, is an over exageration - and if there is not a direct link to the source, I suggest it be removed. Otherwise it adds to the 'aren't the Japanese strange' pseudo racism that is prevelant. What do others think?

 * i'm with you. i was in Japan in the 80s, and my understanding is that the govt pressured them to lose the "turkish bath" moniker after pressure from Turkey (or from the activist cited, i guess).  but a CONTEST?  not to my knowledge.

 * methinks it more likely some bureaucrat/committee came up with the new term. or maybe it was already floating around in parallel to the "toruko" one to begin with.  but "toruko" definitely disappeared. -66.105.218.41 (talk) 05:15, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

History
What is the timeline on these sorts of places? When did they start appearing? Are they still around? Are they common or only in large cities? More context would help. -Newjerseyliz (talk) 17:20, 31 July 2013 (UTC)

no penetration?
The article has the strange concept that in souplands that the prostitutes don't touch you. That is false. Basically the cheapest thing you can get at a soupland is a handjob, next oral, and next sex. This whole "massaging you with their body" thing is nihonjinron bullshit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.132.23.2 (talk) 21:47, 12 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Soapland


text:
Talk:Okayplayer

Untitled
Okayplayer *is* an online community. I don't see why it shouldn't be included in wikipedia. As an Okayplayer, I am disturbed that this page keeps getting deleted. It is a rich online forum with a documentary in the works, annual reunions and amazing discussion boards. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.211.7.215 (talk) May 26, 2005
 * Has this article, or one like it, been deleted before? A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  22:31, May 26, 2005 (UTC)

It does seem like a website in and of itself fails notability. See deleted entries for HipHopDX and the like. Personally I don't agree with the policy but it should at least be equally applied across the board. 68.229.185.47 (talk) 07:13, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

Okayplayer Records? The article currently says, "In 2004, Questlove launched Okayplayer Records," followed by, "After a near-decade hiatus, the label was rebooted in 2012." It doesn't say exactly what Okayplayer Records is, except it's been on haitus during it's entire existence. What's the point of mentioning it? 75.83.142.153 (talk) 20:32, 16 September 2012 (UTC)

Proposed for deletion
I have placed the prod tag on the article which will be deleted within 5 days unless there are objections. Jezhotwells (talk) 19:35, 21 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I see that another editor has contested the prod and is working to improve the article, which is good. I have removed the biography template as the article is not a biography. Jezhotwells (talk) 15:28, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130409231741/http://library.brown.edu/OJS/index.php/MusicGrads/article/view/104/89 to http://library.brown.edu/OJS/index.php/MusicGrads/article/view/104/89

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Founding Year
I’m 1987 Angela Nissel was 9 years old. 2600:1700:814:9000:6DBE:3E0E:35:AA13 (talk) 03:33, 19 April 2022 (UTC)

Íi have a Run DMC RAISING HELL ALBUM FOR SALE IN GOOD CONDITION
R 204.116.206.180 (talk) 09:41, 3 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Okayplayer


text:
User:John Callender

You can learn more about me at my personal home page, or at my weblog, http://www.lies.com/.

-- John Callender 18:52, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia entries I've contributed to so far include:

 * Senate Report of Pre-war Intelligence on Iraq
 * Downing Street memo
 * Gray Whale
 * Carpinteria, California
 * Creationism

title: User:John Callender


text:
Renewal theory

Renewal theory is the branch of probability theory that generalizes the Poisson process for arbitrary holding times. Instead of exponentially distributed holding times, a renewal process may have any independent and identically distributed (IID) holding times that have finite mean. A renewal-reward process additionally has a random sequence of rewards incurred at each holding time, which are IID but need not be independent of the holding times.

A renewal process has asymptotic properties analogous to the strong law of large numbers and central limit theorem. The renewal function $$m(t)$$ (expected number of arrivals) and reward function $$g(t)$$ (expected reward value) are of key importance in renewal theory. The renewal function satisfies a recursive integral equation, the renewal equation. The key renewal equation gives the limiting value of the convolution of $$m'(t)$$ with a suitable non-negative function. The superposition of renewal processes can be studied as a special case of Markov renewal processes.

Applications include calculating the best strategy for replacing worn-out machinery in a factory and comparing the long-term benefits of different insurance policies. The inspection paradox relates to the fact that observing a renewal interval at time t gives an interval with average value larger than that of an average renewal interval.

Introduction
The renewal process is a generalization of the Poisson process. In essence, the Poisson process is a continuous-time Markov process on the positive integers (usually starting at zero) which has independent exponentially distributed holding times at each integer $$i$$ before advancing to the next integer, $$i+1$$. In a renewal process, the holding times need not have an exponential distribution; rather, the holding times may have any distribution on the positive numbers, so long as the holding times are independent and identically distributed (IID) and have finite mean.

Formal definition

Let $$(S_i)_{i \geq 1}$$ be a sequence of positive independent identically distributed random variables with finite expected value

 * $$ 0 < \operatorname{E}[S_i] < \infty. $$

We refer to the random variable $$S_i$$ as the "$$i$$-th holding time".

Define for each n > 0 :

 * $$ J_n = \sum_{i=1}^n S_i, $$

each $$J_n$$ is referred to as the "$$n$$-th jump time" and the intervals $$[J_n,J_{n+1}]$$ are called "renewal intervals".

Then $$(X_t)_{t\geq0}$$ is given by random variable

 * $$ X_t = \sum^\infty_{n=1} \operatorname{\mathbb{I}}_{\{J_n \leq t\}}=\sup \left\{\, n: J_n \leq t\, \right\}$$

where $$\operatorname{\mathbb{I}}_{\{J_n \leq t\}}$$ is the indicator function
 * $$\operatorname{\mathbb{I}}_{\{J_n \leq t\}} = \begin{cases}

1, & \text{if } J_n \leq t \\ 0, & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} $$

$$(X_t)_{t\geq0}$$ represents the number of jumps that have occurred by time t, and is called a renewal process.

Interpretation
If one considers events occurring at random times, one may choose to think of the holding times $$\{ S_i : i \geq 1 \}$$ as the random time elapsed between two consecutive events. For example, if the renewal process is modelling the numbers of breakdown of different machines, then the holding time represents the time between one machine breaking down before another one does.

The Poisson process is the unique renewal process with the Markov property, as the exponential distribution is the unique continuous random variable with the property of memorylessness.

Renewal-reward processes

Let $$W_1, W_2, \ldots$$ be a sequence of IID random variables (rewards) satisfying

 * $$\operatorname{E}|W_i| < \infty.\, $$

Then the random variable

 * $$Y_t = \sum_{i=1}^{X_t}W_i $$

is called a renewal-reward process. Note that unlike the $$S_i$$, each $$W_i$$ may take negative values as well as positive values.

The random variable $$Y_t$$ depends on two sequences: the holding times $$S_1, S_2, \ldots$$ and the rewards $$W_1, W_2, \ldots$$ These two sequences need not be independent. In particular, $$W_i$$ may be a function of $$S_i$$.

Interpretation
In the context of the above interpretation of the holding times as the time between successive malfunctions of a machine, the "rewards" $$W_1,W_2,\ldots$$ (which in this case happen to be negative) may be viewed as the successive repair costs incurred as a result of the successive malfunctions.

An alternative analogy is that we have a magic goose which lays eggs at intervals (holding times) distributed as $$S_i$$. Sometimes it lays golden eggs of random weight, and sometimes it lays toxic eggs (also of random weight) which require responsible (and costly) disposal. The "rewards" $$W_i$$ are the successive (random) financial losses/gains resulting from successive eggs (i = 1,2,3,...) and $$Y_t$$ records the total financial "reward" at time t.

Renewal function
We define the renewal function as the expected value of the number of jumps observed up to some time $$t$$:

 * $$m(t) = \operatorname{E}[X_t].\, $$

Elementary renewal theorem
The renewal function satisfies

 * $$\lim_{t \to \infty} \frac{1}{t} m(t) = \frac 1 {\operatorname{E}[S_1]}.$$

 * {| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="80%" style="text-align:left"

!Proof
 * The strong law of large numbers for renewal processes implies
 * The strong law of large numbers for renewal processes implies

 * $$\lim_{t \to \infty} \frac {X_t} t = \frac{1}{\operatorname{E}[S_1]}.$$

To prove the elementary renewal theorem, it is sufficient to show that $$\left\{\frac{X_t}{t}; t \geq 0 \right\}$$ is uniformly integrable.

To do this, consider some truncated renewal process where the holding times are defined by $$\overline{S_n} = a \operatorname{\mathbb{I}}\{S_n > a\}$$ where $$a$$ is a point such that $$0 < F(a) = p < 1 $$ which exists for all non-deterministic renewal processes. This new renewal process $$ \overline{X}_t $$ is an upper bound on $$ X_t $$ and its renewals can only occur on the lattice $$ \{na; n \in \mathbb{N} \} $$. Furthermore, the number of renewals at each time is geometric with parameter $$p$$. So we have

\begin{align} \overline{X_t} &\leq \sum_{i=1}^{[at]} \operatorname{Geometric}(p) \\ \operatorname{E}\left[\,\overline{X_t}^2\,\right] &\leq C_1 t + C_2 t^2 \\ P\left(\frac{X_t}{t} > x\right) &\leq \frac{\operatorname E\left[X_t^2\right]}{t^2x^2} \leq \frac{\operatorname E\left[\overline{X_t}^2\right]}{t^2x^2} \leq \frac{C}{x^2}. \end{align} $$
 * }

Elementary renewal theorem for renewal reward processes
We define the reward function:

 * $$g(t) = \operatorname{E}[Y_t].\, $$

The reward function satisfies

 * $$\lim_{t \to \infty} \frac{1}{t}g(t) = \frac{\operatorname{E}[W_1]}{\operatorname{E}[S_1]}.$$

Renewal equation
The renewal function satisfies

 * $$m(t) = F_S(t) + \int_0^t m(t-s) f_S(s)\, ds $$

where $$F_S$$ is the cumulative distribution function of $$S_1$$ and $$f_S$$ is the corresponding probability density function.

 * {| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="80%" style="text-align:left"

!Proof
 * We may iterate the expectation about the first holding time:
 * We may iterate the expectation about the first holding time:

 * $$m(t) = \operatorname{E}[X_t] = \operatorname{E}[\operatorname{E}(X_t \mid S_1)]. \, $$

From the definition of the renewal process, we have

 * $$\operatorname{E}(X_t \mid S_1=s) = \operatorname{\mathbb{I}}_{\{t \geq s\}} \left( 1 + \operatorname{E}[X_{t-s}] \right). \, $$

So

\begin{align} m(t) & = \operatorname{E}[X_t] \\[12pt] & = \operatorname{E}[\operatorname{E}(X_t \mid S_1)] \\[12pt] & = \int_0^\infty \operatorname{E}(X_t \mid S_1=s) f_S(s)\, ds \\[12pt] & = \int_0^\infty \operatorname{\mathbb{I}}_{\{t \geq s\}} \left( 1 + \operatorname{E}[X_{t-s}] \right) f_S(s)\, ds \\[12pt] & = \int_0^t \left( 1 + m(t-s) \right) f_S(s)\, ds \\[12pt] & = F_S(t) + \int_0^t m(t-s) f_S(s)\, ds, \end{align}$$

as required.
 * }

Key renewal theorem
Let X be a renewal process with renewal function $$m(t)$$ and interrenewal mean $$\mu$$. Let $$g:[0,\infty) \rightarrow [0,\infty)$$ be a function satisfying:
 * $$\int_0^\infty g(t)\, dt < \infty$$
 * g is monotone and non-increasing

The key renewal theorem states that, as $$t\rightarrow \infty$$:
 * $$\int_0^t g(t-x)m'(x) \, dx \rightarrow \frac{1}{\mu}\int_0^\infty g(x)\, dx$$

Renewal theorem
Considering $$g(x)=\mathbb{I}_{[0, h]}(x)$$ for any $$h>0$$ gives as a special case the renewal theorem:
 * $$m(t+h)-m(t)\rightarrow \frac{h}{\mu}$$ as $$t\rightarrow \infty$$

The result can be proved using integral equations or by a coupling argument. Though a special case of the key renewal theorem, it can be used to deduce the full theorem, by considering step functions and then increasing sequences of step functions.

Asymptotic properties
Renewal processes and renewal-reward processes have properties analogous to the strong law of large numbers, which can be derived from the same theorem. If $$(X_t)_{t\geq0}$$ is a renewal process and $$(Y_t)_{t\geq0}$$ is a renewal-reward process then:

 * $$ \lim_{t \to \infty} \frac{1}{t} X_t = \frac{1}{\operatorname{E}[S_1]} $$

 * $$ \lim_{t \to \infty} \frac{1}{t} Y_t = \frac{1}{\operatorname{E}[S_1]} \operatorname{E}[W_1]$$

almost surely.

 * {| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="80%" style="text-align:left"

!Proof
 * First consider $$(X_t)_{t\geq0}$$. By definition we have:
 * First consider $$(X_t)_{t\geq0}$$. By definition we have:

 * $$J_{X_t} \leq t \leq J_{X_t+1}$$

for all $$t \geq 0$$ and so

\frac{J_{X_t}}{X_t} \leq \frac{t}{X_t} \leq \frac{J_{X_t+1}}{X_t} $$

for all t ≥ 0.

Now since $$0< \operatorname{E}[S_i] < \infty $$ we have:

 * $$X_t \to \infty$$

as $$t \to \infty$$ almost surely (with probability 1). Hence:

 * $$\frac{J_{X_t}}{X_t} = \frac{J_n}{n} = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n S_i \to \operatorname{E}[S_1] $$

almost surely (using the strong law of large numbers); similarly:

 * $$\frac{J_{X_t+1}}{X_t} = \frac{J_{X_t+1}}{X_t+1}\frac{X_t+1}{X_t} = \frac{J_{n+1}}{n+1}\frac{n+1}{n} \to \operatorname{E}[S_1]\cdot 1 $$

almost surely.

Thus (since $$t/X_t$$ is sandwiched between the two terms)

\frac{1}{t} X_t \to \frac{1}{\operatorname{E}[S_1]} $$

almost surely.

Next consider $$(Y_t)_{t\geq0}$$. We have

 * $$\frac{1}{t}Y_t = \frac{X_t}{t} \frac{1}{X_t} Y_t \to \frac{1}{\operatorname{E}[S_1]}\cdot\operatorname{E}[W_1] $$

almost surely (using the first result and using the law of large numbers on $$Y_t$$).
 * }

Renewal processes additionally have a property analogous to the central limit theorem:

 * $$\frac{X_t-t/\mu}{\sqrt{t\sigma^2/\mu^3}} \to \mathcal{N}(0,1)$$

Inspection paradox
A curious feature of renewal processes is that if we wait some predetermined time t and then observe how large the renewal interval containing t is, we should expect it to be typically larger than a renewal interval of average size.

Mathematically the inspection paradox states: for any t > 0 the renewal interval containing t is stochastically larger than the first renewal interval. That is, for all x > 0 and for all t > 0:

 * $$ \operatorname{P}(S_{X_t+1} > x) \geq \operatorname{P}(S_1>x) = 1-F_S(x)$$

where FS is the cumulative distribution function of the IID holding times Si. A vivid example is the bus waiting time paradox: For a given random distribution of bus arrivals, the average rider at a bus stop observes more delays than the average operator of the buses.

The resolution of the paradox is that our sampled distribution at time t is size-biased (see sampling bias), in that the likelihood an interval is chosen is proportional to its size. However, a renewal interval of average size is not size-biased.

 * {| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="80%" style="text-align:left"

!Proof
 * Observe that the last jump-time before t is $$J_{X_t}$$; and that the renewal interval containing t is $$S_{X_t+1}$$. Then
 * Observe that the last jump-time before t is $$J_{X_t}$$; and that the renewal interval containing t is $$S_{X_t+1}$$. Then

\begin{align} \operatorname{P}(S_{X_t+1}>x) & {} = \int_0^\infty \operatorname{P}(S_{X_t+1}>x \mid J_{X_t} = s) f_{J_{X_t}}(s) \, ds \\[12pt] & {} = \int_0^\infty \operatorname{P}(S_{X_t+1}>x | S_{X_t+1}>t-s) f_{J_{X_t}}(s)\, ds \\[12pt] & {} = \int_0^\infty \frac{\operatorname{P}(S_{X_t+1}>x \,, \, S_{X_t+1}>t-s)}{\operatorname{P}(S_{X_t+1}>t-s)} f_{J_{X_t}}(s) \, ds \\[12pt] & {} = \int_0^\infty \frac{ 1-F(\max \{ x,t-s \}) }{1-F(t-s)} f_{J_{X_t}}(s) \, ds \\[12pt] & {} = \int_0^\infty \min \left\{\frac{ 1-F(x) }{1-F(t-s)},\frac{ 1-F(t-s)  }{1-F(t-s)}\right\} f_{J_{X_t}}(s) \, ds \\[12pt] & {} = \int_0^\infty \min \left\{\frac{ 1-F(x) }{1-F(t-s)},1\right\} f_{J_{X_t}}(s) \, ds \\[12pt] & {} \geq \int_0^\infty (1-F(x)) f_{J_{X_t}}(s) \, ds = 1-F(x) = \operatorname{P}(S_1>x),\\[12pt] \end{align} $$ since both $$\frac{ 1-F(x) }{1-F(t-s)}$$ and $$1$$ are greater than or equal to $$1-F(x)$$ for all values of s.
 * }

Superposition
Unless the renewal process is a Poisson process, the superposition (sum) of two independent renewal processes is not a renewal process. However, such processes can be described within a larger class of processes called the Markov-renewal processes. However, the cumulative distribution function of the first inter-event time in the superposition process is given by

 * $$R(t) = 1 - \sum_{k=1}^K \frac{\alpha_k}{\sum_{l=1}^K \alpha_l} (1-R_k(t)) \prod_{j=1,j\neq k}^K \alpha_j \int_t^\infty (1-R_j(u))\,\text{d}u$$

where Rk(t) and αk > 0 are the CDF of the inter-event times and the arrival rate of process k.

Example application
Eric the entrepreneur has n machines, each having an operational lifetime uniformly distributed between zero and two years. Eric may let each machine run until it fails with replacement cost €2600; alternatively he may replace a machine at any time while it is still functional at a cost of €200.

What is his optimal replacement policy?

 * {| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="80%" style="text-align:left"

!Solution
 * The lifetime of the n machines can be modeled as n independent concurrent renewal-reward processes, so it is sufficient to consider the case n=1. Denote this process by $$(Y_t)_{t \geq 0}$$. The successive lifetimes S of the replacement machines are independent and identically distributed, so the optimal policy is the same for all replacement machines in the process.
 * The lifetime of the n machines can be modeled as n independent concurrent renewal-reward processes, so it is sufficient to consider the case n=1. Denote this process by $$(Y_t)_{t \geq 0}$$. The successive lifetimes S of the replacement machines are independent and identically distributed, so the optimal policy is the same for all replacement machines in the process.

If Eric decides at the start of a machine's life to replace it at time 0 < t < 2 but the machine happens to fail before that time then the lifetime S of the machine is uniformly distributed on [0, t] and thus has expectation 0.5t. So the overall expected lifetime of the machine is:

\begin{align} \operatorname{E}[S] & = \operatorname{E}[S \mid \text{fails before } t] \cdot \operatorname{P}[\text{fails before } t] + \operatorname{E}[S \mid \text{does not fail before } t] \cdot \operatorname{P}[\text{does not fail before } t] \\[6pt] & = 0.5t(\frac{t}{2}) + t(\frac{2-t}{2}) \end{align} $$

and the expected cost W per machine is:

\begin{align} \operatorname{E}[W] & = \operatorname{E}[W \mid \text{fails before } t] \cdot \operatorname{P}(\text{fails before } t) + \operatorname{E}[W \mid \text{does not fail before } t]\cdot \operatorname{P}(\text{does not fail before } t) \\[6pt] & = 2600(\frac{t}{2}) + 200(\frac{2-t}{2}) = 1200t + 200. \end{align} $$

So by the strong law of large numbers, his long-term average cost per unit time is:

\frac{1}{t} Y_t \simeq \frac{\operatorname{E}[W]}{\operatorname{E}[S]} = \frac{ 4(1200t + 200) }{ t^2 + 4t - 2t^2 } $$

then differentiating with respect to t:

\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \frac{ 4(1200t + 200) }{ t^2 + 4t - 2t^2 } = 4\frac{ (4t - t^2)(1200) - (4 - 2t)(1200t + 200) }{ (t^2 + 4t - 2t^2)^2 }, $$

this implies that the turning points satisfy:

\begin{align} 0 & = (4t - t^2)(1200) - (4 - 2t)(1200t + 200) = 4800t - 1200t^2 -4800t - 800 + 2400t^2 + 400t \\[6pt] & = -800 + 400t + 1200t^2, \end{align} $$

and thus

0 = 3t^2 + t - 2 = (3t -2)(t+1). $$

We take the only solution t in [0, 2]: t = 2/3. This is indeed a minimum (and not a maximum) since the cost per unit time tends to infinity as t tends to zero, meaning that the cost is decreasing as t increases, until the point 2/3 where it starts to increase.
 * }

title: Renewal theory


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/6009

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 04:36, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

6009
I don't find anything notable or encyclopaedic about this. I attempted to expand, but came up with nothing. Jdcooper 18:54, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * There are plenty of other articles about years that have yet to come. Keep. Ketsuban (is better than you) 20:37, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  21:56, May 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic, just a typographical curiosity. Frjwoolley 22:00, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic, unlike most of the other "future years" articles. --Carnildo 23:30, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic.  And not about a year, just about a number in decimal notation.  Are we going to have articles about all numbers with interesting properties?  There are surely many numbers more interesting than "mirror" numbers.... --Macrakis 02:10, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * No, we're not going to do that, per WikiProject Numbers. Delete. Radiant_* 08:20, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep notable Year. Perhaps the most useful thing an encyclopedia could document is the future. Klonimus 04:12, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think I need to remind you that Wikipedia is not a crystal ball, but I will anyway. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  04:21, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * You don't need a crystal ball to tell that this year is a mirror number. Kappa 21:15, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Klonimus' argument, such as it is, rests on the idea that Wikipedia ought to be a crystal ball, an idea that is contradicted by longstanding Wikipedia policy. The trivial fact that 6009 is a mirror of itself in Arabic numerals is quite beside the point. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  21:38, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete utterly non-notable year/number. We have articles on many years from the next century or so, and many numbers with interesting properties, but this counts as neither. If there's anything interesting to be said it can go on 7th millennium or 6000 (number). sjorford →•← 08:27, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Keep the mention at 1961, though, but de-link it.   — J I P | Talk 18:14, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/6009


title: User:4.21.182.18


text: User talk:4.21.182.18

title: User talk:4.21.182.18


text:
Talk:O gallachoir

This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/O gallachoir. The final result was Redirect to Gallagher. --Deathphoenix 18:56, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:O gallachoir


text: User:Ikkejw

title: User:Ikkejw


text:
Kjell Bækkelund

Kjell Bækkelund (6 May 1930 – 13 May 2004) was a Norwegian classical pianist.

Biography
Bækkelund was born in Oslo, Norway. He was the son of Martin Bækkelund (1903–66) and Rallik Antonette Hansen (1904–94). He was a student at the Oslo Conservatory of Music from 1935 until 1944.

Bækkelund debuted as a prodigy in 1938 with the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra at the age of eight. After the Second World War, he trained with Gottfrid Boon (1886-1981) in Stockholm. In 1953 Bækkelund won first prize in the Scandinavian Musicians' Festival held at Trondheim. That same year, he was granted the Harriet Cohen Memorial Music Award for young professional musicians of outstanding promise. Subsequently, he studied for three years with Ilona Kabos in London. He followed with study under the direction of German classical pianists, Hans Richter-Haaser and Wilhelm Kempff. From the beginning of the 1960s, he performed several worldwide concert tours with the main emphasis of his repertoire consisting of baroque and the classic-romantic music.

title: Kjell Bækkelund


text: User talk:83.70.28.66

title: User talk:83.70.28.66


text:
QBIK

QBIK is a Swedish football team from Karlstad. In 2005 they achieved promotion to the Damallsvenskan, which is the women's premier division. The team narrowly missed relegation with a 10th place, but was relegated in 2007 having finished in last 12th place. In 2016 they were relegated one more level down. The club was established in 1978.

QBIK play their home games at Tingvalla Stadium in Karlstad.

Attendances
In recent seasons QBIK have had the following average attendances:

title: QBIK


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of game show facts

The result of the debate was merge/redirect. Moved this page to Goodson-Todman Productions, so the history would remain at an article title unlikely to be deleted, for attribution purposes. Deleted the terribly-titled redirect List of game show facts. Merged content into Mark Goodson. I have no further interest in this content; just cleaning up a bit, and most of the actions were as an editor cleaning up and not an admin closing, so feel free to change them without consultation. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 05:31, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - merged and renamed - SimonP 22:05, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

List of game show facts
This article is a list of Goodson/Todman game shows, even though the article name doesn't suggest it. There is already a category in place (Goodson/Todman game shows) with all of these entries, and all entries listed here are already listed in 'Game show'. This makes this a redundant article in full. Skybunny 18:57, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Here's a suggestion: What we could do is rename this article " Goodson-Todman Productions" and merge both Mark Goodson and Bill Todman into it. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 00:04, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't see why this article was created in the first place. --Iowahwyman 01:07, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, content duplication. Megan1967 05:35, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge there is some logic in renaming to Goodson-Todman Productions, which should not redirect to Goodson, since the production company really should have an article. Then remove the duplicate information and clean everything up.  Let's use this VfD to get those articles cleaned up. Vegaswikian 07:11, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Good idea, except the company has been known as Mark Goodson Productions ("...a Mark Goodson television production") for the last 20+ years. I'd put everything under the Mark Goodson article. --Iowahwyman 11:41, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement

The Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement (MTVR) is a series of vehicles used by the U.S. Marines. The first MTVRs were delivered in late 1999. The MTVR is the equivalent of the U.S. Army's Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV); the Marines do not use the FMTV (with the exception of the FMTV-based HIMARS) and the Army does not use the MTVR.

There were originally four, later seven, MTVR variants, then nine (plus a sub-variant) as deliveries and development continued. A dedicated trailer and prototype/developmental MTVRs have also been produced.

The MTVR was designed and is manufactured by Oshkosh Defense.

Development and production history
The MTVR has its design origins in two U.S. military programs, the 5 ton Tactical Truck Replacement (5TTR) for the U.S. Army, and the Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement (MTVR) for the U.S. Marines. The aim of these programs was to upgrade and extend the service life of around 3,400 U.S. Army M939 series 5 ton trucks, and 8,100 U.S. Marines M809 and M939 series 5 ton trucks. Prototype and development contracts for both programs were awarded in 1996. The 5TTR program was subsequently halted, and the MTVR program evolved from an upgrade to a new-build requirement.

Oshkosh was awarded a multi-year MTVR production contract in February 1999. The first vehicles were scheduled for delivery by the end of 1999, and deliveries under the initial contract concluded during August 2005. The award initially allowed for up to 8,168 MTVRs (including options for 2,502) in four variants (MK23, MK25, MK27, MK28) to be ordered over five program years; 6,931 MTVRs were delivered, 6,393 to the Marines and 538 to the Navy (Seabees). The first MTVRs were fielded in July 2001. Three additional variants followed, the MK29, MK30 and MK36.

Under a separate contract, Oshkosh commenced production in July 2004 of a further MTVR variant, the MK37. Based on the MK27 and fitted with a rear-mounted Hiab materials handling crane rated at 10,000 lb at 10.5 ft maximum reach, the MK37 is a resupply vehicle for the U.S. Marines HIgh Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS). The companion trailer is designated MK38.

Oshkosh was awarded a second MTVR multi-year contract (FY05-FY10) in July 2004. This award initially covered only potential Foreign Military Sales (FMS), plus the continuing requirements of the U.S. Navy. Ultimately the U.S. Navy and Marines combined received >2,000 vehicles under this contract.

In 2005, the MK31 Medium Equipment Transporter (MET) tractor entered service with Seabees, and later in the year with the Marines.

The MK28C is a variant of the MK28. The MK28C (C - chassis) replaced Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) types, these based on a mix of tactical and commercial truck chassis and including: water distributor, 2,000 US gallon; fuel, 1,500 US gallon; field service; asphalt distributor; earth auger. Interchangeable commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) - or modified COTS - bodies are fitted to MK28C chassis as field circumstances dictate.

Also in 2005, Oshkosh was awarded a contract to re-manufacture an initial 27 MTVRs to new configuration and with a full new vehicle warranty.

On 16 May 2008 the 10,000th MTVR was completed. By late 2011 an estimated 11,135 MTVRs had been ordered, that figure including 9,221 for the USMC and 1,855 for the Navy.

In FY12 the third (and final) five-year multi-year MTVR contract was awarded to Oshkosh. The final known MTVR delivery order (US$67 m for 338 vehicles; 278 Marines, 60 Seabees) was placed in September 2012, and inclusive of this order 11,359 MTVRs were ordered by the US Marines', about 1900 of these for the Navy. Orders under the final contract could be placed until June 2016.

In conjunction with Pierce Manufacturing (an Oshkosh Corporation company), Oshkosh developed the MTVR MK23/25-based Hawk Extreme, a wildland firefighting water tender. This product has been sold commercially.

Technical description
All production versions of the MTVR are based on the same 6×6 drive configuration and utilize a chassis constructed using bolted / huck-bolted, formed channel (9.75 × 3 × 0.38 in) made of heat-treated carbon manganese steel with a yield strength of 110,000 psi minimum. The engine is located under a forward fibreglass hood. The cab seats three and is of welded aluminium extrusion construction with adhesive bonded aluminium skins. The cab folds down to reduce overall height to 98 in and from mid-2007, production vehicles are armor-ready and have air-conditioning, revised cab mounts and upgraded cab suspension.

With the exception of the UK's Wheeled Tanker variants, all MTVRs are powered by a Caterpillar C-12, Advanced Diesel Engine Management (ADEM) III 11.9-litre six-cylinder diesel engine that develops 425 hp at 1,800 rpm and 1,550 ft-lb of torque at 1,200 rpm. When the central tire inflation system (CTIS) is set at 0 to 2 tons payload, engine power output is automatically reduced by around 20%. Driveline is completed by an Allison HD 4070P seven-speed automatic transmission, TC-541 torque converter and an Oshkosh 30000 Series single-speed transfer case. All-wheel drive is permanent and under highway driving conditions the torque split is 32% front, 68% rear.

Oshkosh TAK-4 independent coil spring suspension is fitted to the MTVR, this providing each front wheel with a total vertical travel of 16.0 in and a travel of 12.8 in on the rear axles. The front axle is rated at 16,000 lb, the second at 23,500 lb, the third at 25,400 lb. The MK36 wrecker and MK31 tractor variants have Hendrickson hydraulic suspension on the rear axles.

Standard tires fitted to the MTVR are Michelin 1600 R20 XZL and with the exception of the MK36 wrecker variant, no spare is carried. Compensating for no spare is a runflat setting option on the CTIS. CTIS allows the driver to adjust tire pressures to suit both payload and terrain conditions, from the driving seat. The two-piece bolt-together steel wheel rims are fitted with beadlocks for extreme low-pressure operations and tires will remain seated at pressures down to 10 psi. In the event that any one tire should fail totally, a limp-home facility allows for a second axle suspension unit to be raised and secured.

Mobility parameters include a climatic operational range of -50 °F to 125 °F. The MTVR has a maximum speed of 65 mph and on-road cruising range of 300 mi. It can climb a 60% gradient and traverse a 40% side slope with its maximum cross-country load. It can ford 60in of water. Turning radius and approach, departure, and ramp breakover angles vary by variant.

MTVR variants can be internally transported by C-5, C-17 and C-130 Hercules transport aircraft. The MK23 can be transported underslung by CH-53 helicopter.

The original MTVR trailer was designed and developed by Oshkosh to provide a matching trailer for the MTVR truck. Two prototype MTVR trailers were manufactured and tested between May 2000 and March 2001. In June 2005 the U.S. Marine Corps System Command (MARCORSYSCOM) awarded the Choctaw Manufacturing and Developing Corporation (CMDC) a $1.9 million Small Business Sole Source design and development contract for the MTVR Trailer. Oshkosh manufactures and supplies the associated trailers for the MK37 HIMARS resupply variant.

MTVR Armor Systems (MAS)
Oshkosh promotes the current MTVR armor packages as the MTVR Armor Systems (MAS). The current Standard MAS with Survivability Upgrade (MAS-SU) kit is available for a variety of models. The Reducible Height MAS (MAS-RH) is also available. Installation of armor requires a vehicle front axle and cab suspension mount upgrade, plus a revision to the cab roof gun mount. Air-conditioning is also fitted. From mid-2007 all production MTVRs have been armor ready, these modifications now forming part of the standard vehicle specification.

Development of a protection kit for the MTVR commenced in 2003, with the first production contract awarded in 2004 and calling for 920 baseline appliqué APKs for the cab, plus 460 modular armored rear troop carrier compartments. The cab and troop carrier kits, while complementary, are separate units and can be installed as such. A follow-on contract for 930 cab kits and 465 rear troop-carrier compartments was awarded in 2005. Two further contracts for a total of 293 cab kits were awarded in 2007. Oshkosh announced in August 2008 an initial contract award for height reducible armor kits for MVTRs. Around 2400 height reducible armor kits for MVTRs have been ordered. Additional awards for armor/protection-related upgrades have been made.

A small arms fire and mine blast protection kit for the U.K. MoD's MTVR-fronted Wheeled Tanker fleet has been developed and fitted to vehicles used on overseas operations.

Prototype and developmental MTVRs

 * Two each of 6×6 and 8×8 prototypes with Hiab load handling systems have been built. The 6×6 chassis are 9/14 ton (8,165/12,701 kg) on-/off-road rated, while the two 8×8 prototypes are rated at 16.5 tons (14,967 kg) and 15,000 kg payload. Both 8×8 chassis are fitted with a tridem rear axle layout, the rear axles (of which axles three and four steer) sprung hydraulically.
 * Two 4×4 variants have been developed, the Short Bed Cargo Truck and Lightweight Cargo Truck. The Short Bed Cargo Truck has a high degree of commonality with the 6x6 MTVR, while the Lightweight truck is aimed at the opposite end of the payload/capability scale, this variant being fitted with beam-type axles and a simpler leaf spring (front) and airbag (rear) suspension set-up.
 * A four-door crew-cab option is available for longer wheelbase chassis.
 * A European-friendly forward control (with the engine mounted behind the cab) variant of the MTVR, designated as Z Series, has been built.
 * In July 2005, Oshkosh was awarded a five-month contract from the Office of Naval Research for the first phase of a four-phase project to develop an MTVR with a 60 kW on-board power generating capability.
 * Together with a selection of industry partners, Oshkosh has developed the MTVR-based TerraMax, an autonomous vehicle equipped with an extensive array of sensors, cameras and navigational computers.
 * The Bull MRAP is based on the MTVR. In October 2007 Ideal Innovations Inc., Oshkosh Truck Corporation, and Ceradyne Inc. announced that they had delivered Category I and Category II MRAP II vehicles to the US Army Aberdeen Test Centre for further service evaluation. Ultimately no orders for any MRAP II vehicles were placed

Operators and details

 * 🇪🇬 (limited evidence)
 * - 73: 18 MK27 chassis were delivered to ELBO (Hellenic Vehicle Industry) during 2004. A further 15 MK27 chassis were delivered during 2005, and during October 2006 a further 40 MK27 chassis were delivered. Initial deliveries (2004/2005) are fitted with medium recovery equipment supplied by Eyal of Israel, while the October 2006 delivery are fitted out as ammunition transporter vehicles to operate alongside the Hellenic Army's Leopard MBTs
 * - 357: In March 2003 the UK became the first export customer for the MTVR. The Wheeled Tanker contract is valued at approximately £160 million (US$250 million) for initial vehicle acquisition and support over 15 years. The contract called for 218 Close Support Tankers (CSTs) (fuel); 82 Tactical Aircraft Refuellers (TARs) and 48 CSTs (water); a contract option for an additional nine CST (water) has been exercised
 * 🇺🇸 - 11,359 delivered the United States Marine Corps and Navy Seabees (contract details in main article)
 * 🇺🇸 - 11,359 delivered the United States Marine Corps and Navy Seabees (contract details in main article)

Captures

 * Islamic State - 10 vehicles were seized by ISIL. 3 vehicles were captured from Iraqi Forces and paraded through Mosul during the aftermath of Mosul's fall in June 2014. 3 others were also paraded at an unknown location and date. 1 was turned into a VBIED and triggered at an unknown location and date. 3 were captured and paraded through Raqqa during the aftermath of the Raqqa campaign (2012–2013).

title: Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement


text:
User talk:Dell Adams

Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer ∞ 19:00, May 26, 2005 (UTC)

Leading actress
Great edit summary - thanks for the laugh! :-) FreplySpang (talk) 04:13, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:01, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dell Adams


text:
Talk:Krill

Krill biomass comparison appears outdated
The introduction to the article claims that one species of krill has "an estimated biomass of around 379,000,000 tonnes" and that this is "more than that of humans." I am not certain if this statement remains valid, as this wolfram calculation suggests (based on average human mass of 69kg) that humanity weighed almost that much in 1992, and likely crossed that mark later that year. The reference for the krill biomass appears to be based on samples taken between the years 1926-2004, by which time the human biomass had exceeded this value. It is possible that in the early '90s that species outweighed mankind, and perhaps krill populations have exploded since, but the current accuracy of this claim seems dubious. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.71.50.111 (talk) 16:20, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * I noticed the same thing and made a similar calculation, which accords with yours. I'm changing it.--Clevera (talk) 05:45, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

Many issues with the anatomy section
The description is awkward is many places. This section needs rewriting by a carcinologist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.211.94.206 (talk) 13:13, 21 July 2015 (UTC)

 * The entire article needs a rewrite. Calling some of the tortured sentences awkward is charitable. They are all but incomprehensible. Toyokuni3 (talk) 22:58, 20 April 2024 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 8 external links on Krill. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110718095311/http://biosys-serv.biologie.uni-ulm.de/Downloadfolder/PDFs%20Team/2001_Maas%26Waloszek_Euphausia.pdf to http://biosys-serv.biologie.uni-ulm.de/Downloadfolder/PDFs%20Team/2001_Maas%26Waloszek_Euphausia.pdf
 * Added tag to http://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/CLIVAR/organization/southern/expertgroup/Hosie%20et%20al%20P%26O%202003.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090701132500/http://www.le.ac.uk/biology/gat/northernkrill.html to http://www.le.ac.uk/biology/gat/northernkrill.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090930075356/http://www.tafi.org.au/zooplankton/imagekey/malacostraca/euphausiacea/ to http://www.tafi.org.au/zooplankton/imagekey/malacostraca/euphausiacea/
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20120802080246/http://www.isbc.unibo.it/Files/BC_PlanktonNekton.htm to http://www.isbc.unibo.it/Files/BC_PlanktonNekton.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110720075623/http://jaffeweb.ucsd.edu/files/pubs/Sonar%20estimates%20of%20daytime%20activity%20levels%20of%20Euphausia%20pacifica%20in%20Saanich%20Inlet.pdf to http://jaffeweb.ucsd.edu/files/pubs/Sonar%20estimates%20of%20daytime%20activity%20levels%20of%20Euphausia%20pacifica%20in%20Saanich%20Inlet.pdf
 * Added tag to http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/MB/Euphausiid03.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050902210008/http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/MB/Index.html to http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/MB/Index.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051001074904/http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/MB/MB9.html to http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/MB/MB9.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090531064701/http://www.antarcticanimation.com/content/animation/energies/energies.php to http://www.antarcticanimation.com/content/animation/energies/energies.php/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:11, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

Camarones
This article claims krill is consumed in Spain and Philippines as camarones. I don't know about Philippines, but I'm a Spaniard and I know that we use caridean shrimp for that, not krill. Krill is used in fatty acid pills. Requesting permission to fix. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.99.0.80 (talk) 07:51, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

Decapods?
Multiple times in the "Anatomy and morphology" section in the article, krill are referred to as decapods. However, earlier in the article, the decapod order is listed as a separate order to the one containing krill. Can this discrepancy be corrected? Nebisan (talk) 21:25, 27 June 2023 (UTC)

In addition, the link from "Amphionidacea" in the Taxonomy section goes to a rather confusing article about a single species and its confusing taxonomy. That species, whether it is a shrimp (Decapod) or not, seems to be an important krill species. The article could focus on important species of krill and their abundance and distribution. "Krill" is not really zoologically defined. It refers to pelagic crustaceans in general, including the larval stages of crabs and lobsters, as well as amphipods and copepods. It's a big subject. I think that this article should have less scientific content, explain what "krill" is, name the most important species and say why they are important, and link to the more scientific articles about the orders and species involved. Euphausiacea should have its own article, and not be subsumed under "krill". Wastrel Way (talk) 22:01, 18 May 2024 (UTC) Eric

title: Talk:Krill


text: User talk:130.70.139.58

title: User talk:130.70.139.58


text:
User:Quid~enwiki

I'm new to Wikipedia and depending on whether the new office computer system blocks this in June, may be rather short lived.

I currently reside in Mississippi and serve in the Navy.

title: User:Quid~enwiki


text:
Auf Wiederseh'n, Sweetheart

"Auf Wiedersehen", or "Auf Wiederseh'n, Sweetheart", is a song written by German composer Eberhard Storch around 1950. Storch wrote the song in the hospital for his wife Maria as he was ill for a long time. It was originally sung in German by Rudi Schuricke and released on the 78 rpm record Polydor 48 374 H in 1950.

It should not be confused with the 1932 song Auf Wiedersehen, My Dear.

Vera Lynn version
The English language lyrics were written by John Turner and Geoffrey Parsons. The best-known version of the song was recorded by English singer Vera Lynn. The story goes that Vera was on holiday in Switzerland and heard people singing the song in beer parlours, and when she got back she felt she had to record it, so found the music and had lyrics written.

Charts
The recording of the song by Vera Lynn, which featured accompaniment by Soldiers and Airmen of HM Forces and the Johnny Johnston Singers, was the first song recorded by a foreign artist to make number one on the U.S. Billboard charts, in 1952. Reaching the summit on the Billboard "Best Sellers in Stores" chart on July 12, the song spent nine weeks at No. 1 (as well as six weeks on the "Most Played by Jockeys" chart and four weeks on the "Most Played in Jukeboxes").

In reaching number-one, it would be almost six years before another British artist would top the U.S. pop chart; that song was Laurie London's "He's Got the Whole World in His Hands," in April 1958. Additionally, the song's nine-week run at number one on the U.S. pop charts by a British act was a record that stood for 16 years, until The Beatles matched the longevity record (of nine weeks) in 1968 with "Hey Jude." Currently, "Auf Wiederseh'n Sweetheart" is tied with "Hey Jude" for third amongst longest-running number-one songs by British artists on the Billboard pop charts, behind "Candle in the Wind 1997"/"Something About the Way You Look Tonight" by Elton John (14 weeks, 1997-1998) and "We Found Love" by Rihanna with Calvin Harris (10 weeks, 2011). In addition, for more than 12 years Lynn was the only female solo artist from the UK to have a number-one hit in the United States, a feat finally matched by "Downtown" by Petula Clark in January 1965.

Demis Roussos version
Greek singer Demis Roussos covered the song on his 1974 German-language album Auf Wiedersehn. It was also released as a single (in 1974 on Philips Records). The recording was produced by Leo Leandros. The song reached no. 6 in the Netherlands and no. 19 in Belgium (Flanders)

Track listing
7" single Philips 6009 526 (1974, Austria, Belgium, Germany, etc.)

7" single RTB / Philips S 53796 (1974, Yugoslavia)
 * A. "Auf Wiedersehn" (3:35)
 * B. "Walzer für zwei" (3:12)

Other versions

 * Teddy Johnson - a single release (1952).
 * Connie Francis (1960)
 * Jerry Vale - for his album The Language of Love (1963).
 * Jim Reeves on his LP, The International Jim Reeves (1963).
 * Mantovani - an orchestral version on his album Mantovani Magic (1966).

title: Auf Wiederseh'n, Sweetheart


text:
File:HairyMaclary.jpg

Summary
Cover of Hairy Maclary From Donaldson's Dairy (1984), written and illustrated by Lynley Dodd.

title: File:HairyMaclary.jpg


text:
Patulous Eustachian tube

Patulous Eustachian tube is the name of a physical disorder where the Eustachian tube, which is normally closed, instead stays intermittently open. When this occurs, the person experiences autophony, the hearing of self-generated sounds. These sounds, such as one's own breathing, voice, and heartbeat, vibrate directly onto the ear drum and can create a "bucket on the head" effect, making it difficult for the patient to attend to environmental sounds. Patulous Eustachian tube is a form of Eustachian tube dysfunction, which is said to be present in about 1 percent of the general population.

Signs and symptoms
With patulous Eustachian tube, variations in upper airway pressure associated with respiration are transmitted to the middle ear through the Eustachian tube. This causes an unpleasant fullness feeling in the middle ear and alters the auditory perception. Complaints seem to include muffled hearing and autophony. In addition, patulous Eustachian tube generally feels dry with no clogged feeling or sinus pressure.

Patients hear their own voice or its echo from inside. They describe it as being amplified and unpleasant. Lying head down may help since it increases venous blood pressure and congestion of the mucosa.

Causes
Patulous Eustachian tube is a physical disorder. The exact causes may vary depending on the person and are often unknown. Weight loss is a commonly cited cause of the disorder due to the nature of the Eustachian tube itself and is associated with approximately one-third of reported cases. Fatty tissues hold the tube closed most of the time in healthy individuals. When circumstances cause overall body fat to diminish, the tissue surrounding the Eustachian tube shrinks and this function is disrupted.

Activities and substances which dehydrate the body have the same effect and are also possible causes of patulous Eustachian tube. Examples are stimulants (including caffeine) and exercise. Exercise may have a more short-term effect than caffeine or weight loss in this regard.

Pregnancy can also be a cause of patulous Eustachian tube due to the effects of pregnancy hormones on surface tension and mucus in the respiratory system.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis can also be a cause of this disorder. It is yet unknown why.

Patulous Eustachian tube can occur as a result of liquid residue in the Eustachian tube, after suffering a middle ear infection (otitis media).

Potential causes list

 * Longitudinal concave defect in the mucosal valve
 * Sudden weight loss
 * Radiation therapy
 * High levels of estrogen
 * Nasal decongestants
 * Stress
 * Neurological disorders

It's worth noting that there hasn't been much comprehensive scientific research conducted to establish a clear correlation between most of the claimed potential causes and patulous eustachian tube disorder.

Diagnosis
Upon examination of a suspected case of patulous Eustachian tube, a doctor can directly view the tympanic membrane with a light and observe that it vibrates with every breath taken by the patient. A tympanogram may also help with the diagnosis. Patulous Eustachian tube is likely if brisk inspiration causes a significant pressure shift.

Patulous Eustachian tube is frequently misdiagnosed as standard congestion due to the similarity in symptoms and rarity of the disorder. Audiologists are more likely to recognize the disorder, usually with tympanometry or nasally delivered masking noise during a hearing assessment, which is highly sensitive to this condition.

When misdiagnosis occurs, a decongestant medication is sometimes prescribed. This type of medication aggravates the condition, as the Eustachian tube relies on sticky fluids to keep closed and the drying effect of a decongestant would make it even more likely to remain open and cause symptoms.

Incidentally, patients who instead suffer from the even rarer condition of superior canal dehiscence are at risk for misdiagnosis of patulous Eustachian tube due to the similar autophony in both conditions.

Treatment
Estrogen nasal drops or saturated potassium iodide have been used to induce edema of the eustachian tube opening. Nasal medications containing diluted hydrochloric acid, chlorobutanol, and benzyl alcohol have been reported to be effective in some patients, with few side effects. Food and Drug Administration approval is still pending, however. Nasal sprays have also been a very effective temporary treatment for this disease, as well.

In extreme cases surgical intervention may attempt to restore the Eustachian tube tissues with fat, gel foam, or cartilage or scar it closed with cautery. These methods are not always successful. For example, there is the case of the early attempts at surgical correction involving injections of tetrafluoroetheylene (Teflon) paste but although this treatment was able to give transient relief, it was discontinued due to several deaths that resulted from inadvertent intracarotid injections.

Although a temporary solution, surgical ventilation tube placement in the ear drum has also proven to be an effective treatment option. This treatment is known as either a unilateral or bilateral myringotomy. 50% of patients reported relief of patulous Eustachian tube symptoms when given this treatment.

title: Patulous Eustachian tube


text:
Andre Kostelanetz

Andre Kostelanetz (Абрам Наумович Костелянец; December 22, 1901 – January 13, 1980) was a Russian-American popular orchestral music conductor and arranger who was one of the major exponents of popular orchestra music.

Biography
Abram Naumovich Kostelyanetz was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia to a prominent Jewish family. He was a cousin of physicist Lew Kowarski.

His father, Nachman Yokhelevich (Naum Ignatyevich) Kostelyanetz, was active on the St. Petersburg stock exchange; his maternal grandfather, Aizik Yevelevich Dymshitz, was a wealthy merchant and industrialist, engaged in timber production. Kostelanetz began playing the piano at four and a half years old. He studied composition and orchestration at the Petrograd Conservatory of Music. When he was 19, the Grand Petrograd Opera Company held a competition to select a chorusmaster and assistant conductor, in which he was selected despite being the youngest applicant. Kostelanetz continued there until leaving Russia in March 1922 after the Russian Revolution, when he stayed in Paris for a time before moving on to the United States.

He arrived in the United States that year, and in the 1920s, conducted concerts for radio. In the 1930s, he began his own weekly show on CBS, Andre Kostelanetz Presents. Kostelanetz was known for arranging and recording light classical music pieces for mass audiences, as well as orchestral versions of songs and Broadway show tunes. He made numerous recordings over the course of his career, which had sales of over 50 million. For many years, he conducted the New York Philharmonic in pops concerts and recordings, in which they were billed as Andre Kostelanetz and His Orchestra.

Kostelanetz may be best known to modern audiences for a series of easy listening instrumental albums on Columbia Records from the 1940s until 1980. Kostelanetz actually started making this music before there was a genre called "easy listening". He continued until after some of his contemporaries, including Mantovani, had stopped recording. Outside the United States, one of his best known works was an orchestral arrangement of the tune "With a Song in my Heart", which was the signature tune of a long-running BBC radio program, at first called Forces Favourites, then Family Favourites, and finally Two Way Family Favourites.

He commissioned many works, including Aaron Copland's Lincoln Portrait, Jerome Kern's Portrait of Mark Twain, William Schuman's New England Triptych, Paul Creston's Frontiers, Ferde Grofé's Hudson River Suite, Virgil Thomson's musical portraits of Fiorello La Guardia and Dorothy Thompson, Alan Hovhaness's Floating World, and Ezra Laderman's Magic Prison. William Walton dedicated his Capriccio burlesco to Kostelanetz, who conducted the first performance and made the first recording, both with the New York Philharmonic.

His last concert was A Night in Old Vienna with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra at that city's War Memorial Opera House on December 31, 1979.

Personal life
His first wife was soprano Lily Pons from 1938 to 1958, when they divorced. They owned a home in Palm Springs, California which was built in 1955. In 1960 he married Sara Gene Orcutt; the marriage lasted several years. Both unions were childless.

His brother, Boris Kostelanetz (1911–2006), was a prominent tax defense lawyer.

Death
After the December 31, 1979 concert with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, Kostelanetz left for a vacation in Haiti. While in Haiti, Kostelanetz contracted pneumonia and died on January 13, 1980, aged 78.

Discography (partial)
Many of the early LP releases were actually re-releases of albums released earlier on 78 rpm records. Musical Comedy Favorites, for example, was released as Volume 1 (album M-430) in late 1940 for songs 1 through 8, and Volume 2 (M-502) in 1941 for the remaining 8 songs on the second side of the LP.

Four of Kostelanetz's albums made the Billboard Hot 200, no match for his Columbia easy listening rivals Ray Conniff and Percy Faith but typical of many of popular instrumental easy listening artists of the day whose audience did not buy their albums immediately upon release but bought them over the years.

 * Andre Kostelanetz & His Orchestra: "Carmen" LP #693cl735 Columbia 1950 U.S.A.
 * Music of Sigmund Romberg,1946, Columbia Masterworks MM635
 * The Music of Victor Herbert, Columbia Masterworks M-415
 * Tchaikovsky: Nutcracker Suite, Op. 71a'', 1956, Columbia Long Playing CL 730
 * Music of Irving Berlin, 1950, Columbia Masterworks MM/ML-4314
 * The Music of Stephen Foster, 1941, 3 LP Set, Columbia Masterworks M-442 78's
 * Mississippi Suite, 1947, Columbia Masterworks MX-284 12" album
 * The Music of Chopin, 1949, Columbia Masterworks MM-840
 * Waltzes of Johann Strauss, 1948, Columbia Masterworks ML-2011  10" album
 * Music of Cole Porter, 1948, Columbia Masterworks ML-2014
 * Music of George Gershwin, 1948, Columbia Masterworks 2026
 * Mississippi Suite, 1948, Columbia Masterworks ML-2046  10" album
 * Invitation to the Waltz, 1948, Columbia Masterworks ML-2069 10" album
 * Swan Lake, Columbia Masterworks ML-4308  1950
 * An American in Paris, Columbia Masterworks ML-4455 1951
 * Black Magic, 1955, Columbia CL 712
 * Grofé: Grand Canyon Suite, 1955, Columbia CL 716
 * Prokofiev, Peter and the Wolf & Saint-Seans, Carnival of the Animals, 1955, Columbia CL 720
 * Music of Vincent Youmans, 1955, Columbia CL 734
 * Verdi: Aida, 1955, Columbia CL 755
 *  Bravo!, 1955, Columbia CL 758
 * Vienna Nights, 1955, Columbia CL 769
 * Music of Fritz Kreisler, Music of Sigmund Romberg, 1955, Columbia CL 771
 * You and the Night and the Music, 1955, Columbia CL 772
 * Musical Comedy Favorites, 1955, Columbia CL 775
 * Music of Jerome Kern, 1955, Columbia CL 776
 * The Lure of the Tropics, 1955, Columbia CL 780
 * Stardust, 1955, Columbia CL 781
 * Kostelanetz Conducts..., 1955, Columbia CL 786
 * An American In Paris/Rhapsody In Blue, 1955, Columbia CL 795
 * La Boheme for Orchestra, 1955, Columbia CL 797
 * Clair de Lune and Popular Favorites, 1955, Columbia CL 798
 * La Traviata, 1955 Columbia CL 799
 * The Sleeping Beauty, 1956, Columbia CL 804
 * Strauss Waltzes, 1956, Columbia CL 805
 * Calendar Girl, 1956, Columbia CL 811
 * Bolero!, 1956, Columbia CL 833
 * The Very Thought of You, 1956, Columbia CL 843
 * Music of Chopin, 1956, Columbia CL 862
 * Cafe Continental, 1956, Columbia CL 863
 * Beautiful Dreamer: Music of Stephen Foster, 1956, Columbia CL 864
 * Broadway Spectacular, 1956, Columbia CL 865
 * Madame Butterfly, 1956, Columbia CL 869
 * Tender Is the Night, 1956, Columbia CL 886
 * The Lure of Spain, 1957, Columbia CL 943
 * Rigoletto, 1957, Columbia CL 970
 * The Romantic Music of Rachmaninoff, 1957, Columbia CL 1001
 * The Lure of France, 1958, Columbia CL 1054/CS 8111
 * The Columbia Album of Richard Rodgers, Vol. 1, 1958, Columbia CL 1068
 * The Columbia Album of Richard Rodgers, Vol. 2, 1958, Columbia CL 1069
 * Blues Opera, 1958, Columbia CL 1099
 * Encore!, 1958, Columbia CL 1135/CS 8008
 * Theatre Party, 1958, Columbia CL 1199/CS 8026
 * The Romantic Music of Tchaikovsky, Vol. 1, 1958, Columbia CL 1208
 * The Romantic Music of Tchaikovsky, Vol. 2, 1958, Columbia CL 1209
 * Romantic Arias for Orchestra, 1959, Columbia CL 1263
 * Flower Drum Song, 1959, Columbia CL 1280/CS 8095
 * Great Waltzes, 1959, Columbia CL 1321
 * The Lure of Paradise, 1959, Columbia CL 1335/CS 8144
 * Strauss Waltzes, 1959, Columbia CL 1354/CS 8162
 * Gypsy Passion, 1960, Columbia CL 1431/CS 8228
 * Joy to the World, 1960, Columbia CL 1528/CS 8328
 * The Unsinkable Molly Brown, 1960, Columbia CL 1576/CS 8376
 * Kostelanetz Favorites Columbia ML 4065
 * The Nutcracker Suite, 1961, Columbia Masterworks 6264
 * The New Wonderland of Sound, 1961, Columbia CL 1657/CS 8457
 * Star Spangled Marches, 1962, Columbia CL 1718/CS 8518
 * Broadway's Greatest Hits, 1962, Columbia CL 1827/CS 8627
 * Fire and Jealousy, Columbia CL 1898/CS 8698
 * Music from "Mr. President", 1962, Columbia CL 1921/CS 8721
 * World Favorite Romantic Concertos for Piano & Orchestra, 1963, Columbia Masterworks ML 5876/MS 6476
 * Wonderland of Sound, 1963, Columbia-CL-1938
 * Wonderland of Golden Hits, 1963, Columbia CL 2039/CS 8839
 * Wonderland of Christmas, 1963, Columbia CL 2068/CS 8868
 * Kostelanetz in Wonderland: Golden Encores, 1963, Columbia CL 2078/CS 8878
 * New York Wonderland, 1964, Columbia CL 2138/CS 8938 - #68 Billboard Albums
 * I Wish You Love, 1964, Columbia CL 2185/CS 8985
 * New Orleans Wonderland, 1964, Columbia CL 2250/CS 9050
 * The Romantic Strings of Andre Kostelanetz, 1965, Columbia Masterworks ML 6119/MS 6711
 * Wishing You a Merry Christmas, 1965, Columbia Masterworks ML 6179/MS 6779
 * Romantic Waltzes by Tchaikovsky, 1965, Columbia Masterworks MS 6824
 * Warsaw Concerto, 1966, Columbia Masterworks ML 6226/MS 6826 (reissue of 1963 ML 5876/MS 6476)
 * Today's Golden Hits, 1966, Columbia CS 9334
 * The Shadow of Your Smile, 1966, Columbia CS 13285
 * Season's Greetings from Barbra Streisand and Friends,1967, Columbia Special Products, CSS 1075
 * Exotic Nights, 1967, Columbia CS 9381
 * The Kostelanetz Sound of Today, 1967, Columbia CS 9409
 * Today's Greatest Movie Hits, 1967, Columbia CS 9556
 * Scarborough Fair, 1968, Columbia CS 9623
 * For the Young at Heart, 1968, Columbia CS 9691
 * Sounds of Love, 1968, Columbia - #194 Billboard Albums
 * Traces, 1969, Columbia CS 9823 - #200 Billboard Albums
 * Andre Kostelanetz Conducts Puccini's "La Boheme" for Orchestra, 1969, Columbia Masterworks MS 7219
 * Greatest Hits of the '60s, 1970, Columbia CS 9973
 * I'll Never Fall in Love Again, 1970, Columbia CS 9998
 * Everything Is Beautiful, 1970, Columbia 30037
 * Sunset, 1970, Columbia Masterworks 30075
 * And God Created Great Whales (Hovhaness), 1971, Columbia 30390
 * Love Story, 1971, Columbia 30501 - #183 Billboard Albums
 * For All We Know, 1971, Columbia 30672
 * Plays Chicago, 1971, Columbia 31002
 * Plays Cole Porter, 1972, Columbia 31491
 * Love Theme from "The Godfather", 1972, Harmony 31500
 * Last Tango in Paris, 1973, Columbia 32187
 * Moon River, 1973, Columbia 32243
 * Plays Great Hits of Today, 1973, Columbia 32415
 * The Way We Were, 1974, Columbia 32578
 * Plays Michel Legrand's Greatest Hits, 1974, Columbia 32580
 * Plays Music of Villa-Lobos, 1974, Columbia 32821
 * Plays Gershwin, 1974, Columbia 32825
 * Musical Reflections of Broadway and Hollywood, 1974, Columbia 33061
 * Plays "Murder on the Orient Express" and Other Great Themes, 1975, Columbia 33437
 * Never Can Say Goodbye, 1975, Columbia 33550
 * I'm Easy, 1976, Columbia 34157
 * Dance With Me, 1976, Columbia 34352
 * Plays Broadway's Greatest Hits, 1977, Columbia 34864
 * You Light Up My Life, 1978, Columbia 35328
 * Theme from "Superman", 1979, Columbia 35781
 * Various Themes, 1980, Columbia 36382
 * The Complete Christmas Album, 2018 - #20 Billboard Classical Albums

title: Andre Kostelanetz