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Bill Cayton

William D'Arcy Cayton (June 6, 1918 – October 4, 2003) was a boxing promoter and manager. Clients included Mike Tyson, who sued him, yet retained him as manager when the two settled the lawsuit four years later, in 1988. Cayton also acted as a film historian and producer to preserve boxing's legacy. During his career, Cayton founded or co-founded several companies, including Cayton Sports, Inc., Reel Sports., Inc., Radio and Television Packagers, Inc. and Cayton, Inc.

Biography

 * Born in New York City, Cayton graduated from the University of Maryland in 1937 with a degree in chemical engineering and founded advertising agency, Cayton Inc. in 1945. He became involved in boxing in 1948 when he created and produced the TV program titled "Greatest Fights of the Century" to promote Vaseline brand hair tonic. Television was then in its infancy, and Cayton felt that boxing was the sport that lent itself best to the tiny black and white screens of the time.

To create the program, and many others that followed, he licensed, then later acquired, rights to vintage boxing film footage, and for nearly fifty years amassed and restored a collection of thousands of films going back to 1897. These films featured such legendary boxers as Jim Corbett, Jack Johnson (with a soundtrack by Miles Davis), Jack Dempsey, Joe Louis, Rocky Marciano, Sugar Ray Robinson, Muhammad Ali, George Foreman, Wilfred Benítez, and Kid Gavilán. Cayton even acquired rights to the first boxing film ever made, a sparring session filmed by Thomas Edison in 1894. His effort in collecting, restoring, and maintaining these films, many of which were rapidly deteriorating, is credited for preserving modern boxing's heritage and history.

In 1960 Cayton was joined by boxing historian and film collector Jim Jacobs, forming The Big Fights, Inc. With the guidance of boxing manager and trainer Cus D'Amato, the pair also subsequently went into managing boxers, nurturing such fighters as Wilfred Benítez, Edwin Rosario, and "Iron" Mike Tyson to world titles. Following Jacobs's death in 1988, Cayton managed world champions Tommy Morrison, Vinny Pazienza, and championship contenders Jeremy Williams, Michael Grant, and Omar Sheika, among others.

The Big Fights also produced numerous boxing features including a.k.a. Cassius Clay and Academy Award-nominated films Jack Johnson and Legendary Champions. One of Cayton's hires in the 1960s was a then-unknown Harry Chapin, who was assigned a film editor's position, and who worked on Legendary Champions as its writer and director. Cayton fired Chapin numerous times for missing work, or for coming in late due to his musical pursuits, only to re-hire Chapin each time because of his talent and his endearing personality.

Cayton sold his film and tape library to the Walt Disney Company in 1998, which shows many of the titles on its ESPN Classic network. Cayton was also hired as the boxing coordinator for ESPN2's "Friday Night Fights" show, which experienced a resurgence in ratings and the level of competition shown due to Cayton's influence.

Cayton's advertising agency remained active until well into the 1970s.

Children's television
In 1957, working with director and writer, Fred Ladd, it began marketing Russian animated films from the 1940s and 50s, especially those of the famous Soyuzmultfilm studios (well-known titles included The Firebird, The Frog Prince, Beauty & the Beast, The Space Explorers, and Twelve Months). The films were dubbed, sometimes re-titled, partitioned into chapters and distributed to TV stations.

He also released a partly re-filmed version of the Czech stop-motion animated feature Cesta do pravěku (Karel Zeman, 1955), replacing the opening and closing scenes with new footage and marketing it as Journey to the Beginning of Time. These films proved popular both as features and as TV episodes. Many additional cartoons and natural history films produced by Cayton were marketed under the names "Cartoon Classics", "Animatoons", and "Jungle." Cayton is also credited with reviving professional pool on television in 1977, producing showcase events which included, among others, the legendary Minnesota Fats - Willie Mosconi title matches.

Tyson vs. Cayton lawsuit
Beginning in 1988, following the death of Jim Jacobs, Mike Tyson wanted to replace Cayton with Don King, twice suing Cayton to end their professional relationship. The matter was settled out-of-court. A decade later, Tyson also sued Don King, seeking $100 million in damages; they settled out-of-court for $14 million.

Legacy
Cayton was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2005.

title: Bill Cayton


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User:Florilegist

fr:Utilisateur:Xian
 * My account on the french wikipedia : Xian ...

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Florilegist


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Alfredo González Tahuilán

José Alfredo González Tahuilán (born 10 April 1980 in Mexico City) is a Mexican former footballer. He last played as a defender for Atlético San Luis.

Career
Gonzalez Tahuilan made his professional debut with CF America on 15 August 1999 against Toros Neza with a score of 2–0 in favor of America. Tahuilan has played in several teams in the first division of Mexican soccer, such as: America, San Luis, Tigres UANL, Atlas, and Tijuana before retiring in San Luis. His biggest strength is the air game.

Tijuana

 * Liga MX (1):2012–13 Season 2012

America
2 times with Club America

San Luis
1 subchampionship with San Luis FC

title: Alfredo González Tahuilán


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Stray Cats (album)

Stray Cats is the first studio album by American rockabilly band Stray Cats, first released in the United Kingdom by Arista Records in February 1981. It was produced by the band and Dave Edmunds.

The album was successful in Britain, peaking at No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart, and produced the UK Singles Chart top 40 hits "Runaway Boys" (No. 9), "Rock This Town" (No. 9) and "Stray Cat Strut" (No. 11). The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame later listed "Rock This Town" as one of the "500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll".

The fifth track on the album, "Storm the Embassy" was based on the song "Boys Having Babies" recorded in 1979 by Brian Setzer's previous band The Bloodless Pharaohs. The lyrics were subsequently rewritten about the Iran hostage crisis of 1979–80.

The album was only issued in the United States after the success of the band's first American album, 1982's Built for Speed. However, six of the songs from Stray Cats ("Rock This Town", "Stray Cat Strut", "Rumble in Brighton", "Runaway Boys", "Double Talkin' Baby" and "Jeanie, Jeanie, Jeanie") were already included on Built for Speed.

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

Stray Cats
 * Brian Setzer – guitar, vocals
 * Slim Jim Phantom – drums
 * Lee Rocker – bass

Additional musicians
 * Gary Barnacle – saxophone

Production
 * Aldo Bocca – engineering
 * Dave Edmunds – production
 * Hein Hoven – engineering
 * Neil – tape operation
 * Nick – tape operation
 * Brian Setzer – production
 * Stray Cats – production

Design
 * Gavin Cochrane – photography
 * Chalkie Davies – photography
 * Alain de la Mata – photography
 * Chris Gabrin – photography
 * Malcolm Garrett – sleeve design
 * Toshi Yajima – photography

title: Stray Cats (album)


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Japanese cruiser Yūbari

Yūbari (夕張) was an experimental light cruiser built during the early 1920s for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) to test new concepts for reducing the hull's weight while strengthening it. Designs pioneered on Yūbari had a major impact on future Japanese warship designs. Completed in 1923, the ship was generally used as the flagship for destroyer squadrons. She spent large portions of her peacetime career in reserve or used as a training ship. The ship participated in the First Shanghai Incident in 1932 and the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 before World War II. During the war Yūbari was the flagship of the forces involved in the Battle of Wake Island and was then sent south to support the invasion of Rabaul in early 1942. She played a small role during the Battle of the Coral Sea as the flagship of the forces intended to invade Port Moresby, New Guinea. At the beginning of the Solomon Islands campaign, Yūbari escorted the forces that made the initial landings on the island of Guadalcanal in July. A few days after the Americans attacked the island in August, the ship participated in the Battle of Savo Island where she crippled an American heavy cruiser and a destroyer.

Yūbari spent the rest of the year on escort duties and she played a small role in the Battle of New Georgia in mid-1943 as she bombarded Allied forces a few days after they landed on the island. The ship stuck a mine on the return journey and had to return to Japan for repairs that lasted for several months. After her return to the Guadalcanal area in November, she made several Tokyo Express runs to deliver reinforcements and supplies. Yūbari was damaged by several American airstrikes at Rabaul later that month and had to return again to Japan for repairs that lasted until March 1944. The ship was tasked to deliver supplies and troops to Japanese outposts in April and was sunk by an American submarine later that month.

Background and description
Construction of an experimental light cruiser was authorized by the revised 1917 8-4 Fleet Program, but construction was not approved by the Naval General Staff until October 1921 to evaluate naval architect Captain Yuzuru Hiraga's innovative design proposal. He incorporated the ship's belt and deck armor plates as structural members into the hull structure, eliminating the weight of the traditional plating and structure that backed the armor. Hiraga believed that this would allow him to design a ship that would have the combat potential of the standard 5500 LT Sendai-class cruiser light cruiser, but with a much lighter displacement. Lieutenant Commander Kikuo Fujimoto designed Yūbari, under the direction of Hiraga, to have nearly the same speed, armament and radius of action as the Sendais while displacing less than 60% of the older ships. Yūbari introduced numerous features that were adopted by subsequent heavy cruiser designs.

The cruiser was designed to displace 3141 LT at normal load, but was significantly overweight for unknown reasons and actually displaced 3560 LT. She had an overall length of 139.45 m, a beam of 12.04 m, and a draft of 3.86 m, 0.34 m deeper than designed. Her crew numbered 328 officers and enlisted men.

Yūbari's propulsion system was derived from that of the Minekaze-class destroyers, enlarged by one additional propeller shaft, steam turbine and four Kampon water-tube boilers. The three turbines used steam provided by eight boilers that operated at a pressure of 18.3 kg/cm2 and a temperature of 156 °C. The turbines developed a total of 57900 shp and were intended to give the cruiser a speed of 35.5 kn, but the increase in draft adversely affected both her speed and range. Yūbari only reached 34.8 kn from 61336 shp, rather than her intended 35.5 kn, when the ship ran her sea trials on 5 July 1923. The ship carried a maximum of 916 t of fuel oil that gave her a range of 3310 nmi, reduced from her designed range of 5000 nmi, at 14 kn. Hiraga trunked the forward funnel aft into the rear funnel to minimize the effects of hot exhaust gases on the bridge personnel.

Armament and fire control
The cruiser's main battery consisted of six 50-caliber 14 cm 3rd Year Type guns arranged in two twin-gun turrets and two single gun mounts protected by gun shields. One mount of each type was positioned forward and aft of the superstructure in a superfiring arrangement with the single mount positioned below the twin-gun turret. A pair of rotating Type 8 twin-tube mounts for 61 cm torpedoes were located amidships on the ship's centerline. Each tube was provided with a single reload torpedo. A single 40-caliber 76 mm 3rd Year Type anti-aircraft (AA) gun and two 7.7 mm Lewis machine guns on a raised platform between the torpedo mounts for anti-aircraft defense. Yūbari was fitted with six rails at the stern that could accommodate 48 No. 1 naval mines in 24 compartments in the hull.

The main guns were controlled by a Type 13 director located at the top of the tripod mast. A pair of 3 m rangefinders were located on the bridge, one on each broadside to determine the distance to the target.

Protection
Incorporating the ship's armor plating into the hull reinforced the longitudinal strength of the hull, allowed Hiraga to eliminate the hull plates formerly installed behind the armor and the girders that traditionally provided the necessary longitudinal strength. This cut the weight of the Yūbaris displacement devoted to the hull to 31.2 percent from the roughly 38 percent of the Sendai class and permitted Hiraga to substantially increase the amount of Yūbaris armor protection. The ship was fitted with 349 t of armor, almost exactly double the weight in the Sendai-class ships.

Yūbari's armor was designed to protect against American 4 in shells and the cruiser was equipped with an internal waterline 38 mm New Vickers Non-Cemented (NVNC) armor belt that sloped outwards 10° from top to bottom. The belt was 4.15 m high, had a length of 57.91 m, and connected to the armored deck at the top and the double bottom below. Forming the top of the armored citadel, the deck had 25.4 mm NVNC armor plates that were reinforced by 22 mm plates of high-tensile steel along the centerline. The boiler uptakes were protected up to a height of 0.76 m by NVNC plates 32 mm thick.

Modifications
In 1924, the funnel was raised by 2 m to further reduce the amount of exhaust gases reaching the bridge and fire-control director at high speed. Additional ballast was also added to increase stability. During her 1932–1933 refit, the 76 mm AA gun was removed and the torpedo mounts were raised and received spray shields. The following year, Yūbari's mine storage equipment was removed, her hull girders reinforced and ballast installed during a refit from 17 May to 20 July 1934 after the top-heavy JAPANESE TORPEDO BOAT Tomozuru capsized during a storm. In 1935, a twin mount for 13.2 mm Type 93 machine guns was fitted where the 76 mm AA gun had been and splinter plating was installed around the portions of the bridge. The 13.2 mm machine gun mount was replaced by four 2.5 cm Type 96 AA guns in twin mounts in 1940.

Shortly after the start of the Pacific War, Yūbari had a pair of improvised twin-gun mounts for 13.2 mm machine guns installed on either side of her bridge. These were replaced by Type 96 AA guns in February 1943. Six months later the aft single 14 cm mount was replaced by a triple mount for Type 96 AA guns. Yūbari also received a Type 22 surface-search radar, a Type 93 Mk.4 sonar system and a Type 93 hydrophone set. The ship had a significant refit in early 1944 when the forward single 14 cm gun was replaced by a 45-caliber 12 cm AA gun, two additional triple and eight single mounts for Type 96 AA guns were installed. Two depth charge racks were also added, each with six depth charges.

Construction and career
Yūbari, named after the Yūbari River, was laid down on 5 June 1922 at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal, launched on 5 March 1923 and completed, and commissioned on 31 July 1923, under the command of Captain Masao Sugiura. Completed just prior to the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake on 1 September, Yūbari was quickly pressed into service to help evacuate refugees from the Shinagawa area. Crown Prince Hirohito boarded the vessel for a tour from Yokohama to Yokosuka on 10 October. The ship was transferred to the 3rd Cruiser Division of the 1st Fleet on 1 December and Masao was replaced by Captain Yamaguchi Nobuichi. Accompanied by the light cruisers JAPANESE CRUISER Tama and JAPANESE CRUISER Isuzu, Yūbari cruised off the Chinese coast in March 1924. After serving as the flagship for a destroyer squadron during the annual fleet maneuvers in late 1924, she was placed in reserve on 1 December.

Yūbari made a lengthy cruise during April–June 1925 in the Western Pacific, including a visit to Australia, and observed the fleet exercises of the United States Navy west of the Hawaiian Islands. The ship was based in Japanese Taiwan in August–November and then became flagship of the 1st Destroyer Squadron of the 1st Fleet on 1 December. Twelve months later she was transferred to the 2nd Destroyer Squadron of the 2nd Fleet where her squadron exercised in Taiwanese waters during March–April 1927 and was assigned to the Combined Fleet during the Special Great Maneuvers held near the Ryukyu and Bonin Islands. Yūbari was placed in reserve on 1 December and was attached to the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy as a training ship until mid-1931. She was refitted at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal from 4 September to 23 January 1932.

During her refit, Yūbari was transferred to the 1st Fleet and was assigned as the flagship of the 1st Destroyer Squadron on 1 December 1931. The cruiser and her destroyers was ordered to Shanghai, China, on 26 January after the staged rioting had begun that prefaced the First Shanghai Incident. The squadron escorted troopships carrying Imperial Japanese Army troops past Chinese forts at the mouth of the Huangpu River in Wusong on 8 February. After the troops had disembarked, the squadron began bombarding the forts as the troops assaulted them and nearby Chinese positions in the Zhabei and Hongkou Districts through the following day. The muzzle blast from her own guns damaged Yūbari and she repaired at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal from 22 March to 31 January 1933. The squadron made a training cruise off the Chinese coast in July–August and participated in a naval review at Yokohama on 25 August. She was reduced to reserve on 13 November and was assigned to the Sasebo Guard Squadron when it was formed on 11 December.

On 15 November 1934, Captain Tadashige Daigo assumed command, and Yūbari was reassigned to the Yokosuka Guard Squadron of the Yokosuka Naval District, where she was refitted 9 July–15 November 1935. Afterwards, she was assigned to the 5th Destroyer Squadron of the 3rd Fleet and conducted patrols off of the China coast and visiting the island of Java in the Dutch East Indies in 1936. With the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War in August 1937, Yūbari assisted in the evacuation of Japanese civilians from coastal cities in southern China. On 14 September Yūbari and the destroyers JAPANESE DESTROYER Hayate and JAPANESE DESTROYER Oite were entering the Pearl River Delta at Bocca Tigris when they encountered the elderly protected cruiser CHINESE CRUISER Chao Ho and the sloop Hai Chow (formerly the Arabis-class sloop HMS Pentstemon). The Japanese ships engaged the Chinese ones and the forts defending the area with little effect and both sides retreated. As Yūbari steamed back to base, she was attacked by Northrop A-17 light bombers of the Chinese Air Force. Although the ship was not struck, near misses wounded five sailors. Subsequently, she was sent north to cover landings by the Imperial Japanese Army at Hangzhou on 20 October.

The cruiser was replaced by the light cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Nagara as the flagship of the 5th Destroyer Squadron on 1 December and was reduced to reserve at Yokosuka on 7 December before beginning a refit that lasted from 14 January–31 March 1938. Yūbari remained in reserve until November 1940, with the exceptions of two brief periods of active duty with the Ōminato Guard District in 1939. During one of these she patrolled off the coast of Sakhalin Island north of the Japanese Home Islands. In early 1940 her 13.2 mm machine guns were replaced by two twin-gun mounts for 25 mm weapons. On 15 November Yūbari became flagship of the 6th Destroyer Squadron, commanded by Rear Admiral Sadamichi Kajioka, of the 4th Fleet, tasked with the defense of the South Seas Mandate. The ship cruised the Western Pacific between 2 February and 14 April 1941, visiting Saipan Island, the Palau Islands, Truk and Kwajalein Atoll. She was briefly refitted at Yokohama 20 April–1 May and departed Japan for a tour of the Mandated Islands on 25 May that lasted until she began training at Truk on 25 October. The cruiser and her flotilla arrived at Kwajalein on 3 December having already received the code phrase "Climb Mount Niitaka" which set the date for the declaration of war on the United States by the Japanese as 8 December (Japanese time).

The Pacific War
Yūbari was the flagship for the Japanese invasion force during the invasion of Wake Island. Kajioka's ships began bombarding the shore with little effect on the morning of 11 December, but the island's USMC defenders sank two destroyers, damaged two others as well as a light cruiser, forcing Kajoika to withdraw to Kwajalein. Yūbari was bracketed by gunfire, but took no damage. Kajoika's force was heavily reinforced and took the island on 23 December.

While preparing for subsequent operations, Yūbari's anti-aircraft suite was reinforced by two pairs of Type 93 machine guns, one on each side of the bridge on 3 January 1942. The 6th Destroyer Squadron then spent the next several months escorting the forces involved in the capture of Rabaul and Kavieng, New Ireland, off the coast of New Guinea on 23–24 January, followed by the Invasion of Salamaua–Lae on 8 March. This was interrupted by an unsuccessful attempt to intercept the American aircraft carrier group centered around the USS Lexington (CV-2) on 20 February. On 10 March, she was attacked by two Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless dive bombers from the Lexington, which scored two near-misses that killed a number of her anti-aircraft gun crews. She was then strafed by four Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat fighters from Lexington, which killed her executive officer and several crewmen on her bridge. The following morning she was attacked again by aircraft from USS Yorktown (CV-5). Yorktown's Dauntlesses detonated gunpowder bags near her forward twin-gun turret, causing a fire, and a Wildcat strafing run detonated gasoline drums stored in her port lifeboat. Firefighting teams found the fire hoses too short and the large fire threatened the forward torpedo mount. Captain Ban Masami ordered the torpedoes jettisoned, but the mount could not rotate due to a power failure, forcing the crew to use pulleys and ropes to dump the torpedoes manually. During this battle Yūbari evaded 67 bombs and 12 torpedoes, suffering 13 killed and 49 wounded. She was bombed again on 20 March by four USAAF B-17 Flying Fortress bombers while returning to Rabaul with four near-misses that opened three holes in her stern. She returned to Truk for emergency repairs on 25 March. These were completed, together with the addition of more splinter armor for the bridge, on 10 April. Yūbari was next assigned as the flagship of the Port Moresby Attack Force during Operation MO on 4 May. On 7 May she escaped an attack by four B-17 bombers without damage and unsuccessfully searched for survivors from the light carrier JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIER Shōhō, which had been sunk earlier. She returned to Truk on 17 May when the operation was cancelled following the Battle of the Coral Sea. She returned to Yokosuka to receive permanent repairs that lasted from 19 May to 19 June.

Beginning on 29 June 1942, Yūbari took part in the Solomon Islands campaign, including landing personnel on Guadalcanal to construct an airfield. The 6th Destroyer Squadron was disbanded on 10 July and the cruiser was reassigned to No. 2 Surface Escort Force of the 4th Fleet at Truk. She was transferred to Rabaul on 17 July and began to develop problems with her center turbine around that time that limited her to 26 kn on two shafts. Yūbari played a limited role in the Battle of Savo Island on 9 August, putting one torpedo into the heavy cruiser USS Vincennes (CA-44) that knocked out her remaining fire room and crippled the destroyer USS Ralph Talbot (DD-390) with five 14 cm hits. The ship fired 96 main-gun rounds and four torpedoes during the battle. Yūbari escorted the landing force for Operation RY, the occupation of Nauru and Ocean Islands, departing Truk on 26 August and returned there on 5 September. Starting on 10 September, she began making patrols and escorted convoys between Truk and the Marshall Islands, Gilbert Islands, and Palau. She was based at Tarawa from 20 October to 20 November as a guard ship.

She returned to Yokosuka in early December, where her middle turbine was repaired and additional anti-aircraft weaponry was installed in February 1943. She returned to Rabaul on 1 April and was assigned to the Southwest Area Fleet. On 2 July, Yūbari and her destroyers bombarded the American beachhead established at Rendova Island, but with little effect. On her return to Buin, Yūbari struck a naval mine laid by a Grumman TBM Avenger torpedo bomber, it damaged her bow, limited her speed to 22 kn and wounded 26 crewmen. She received emergency repairs when she reached Rabaul and departed for Yokosuka on 16 July for permanent repairs. These gave the IJN the opportunity to further augment her anti-aircraft suite and install radar and sonar systems. The ship returned to Rabaul on 3 November. She rescued 196 troops and three artillery pieces from the damaged transport Kiyosumi Maru on the 4th. The next day Yūbari was assigned as the flagship of the 3rd Destroyer Squadron. On 6 November, she undertook a "Tokyo Express" transport run with 700 troops from the IJA 17th Division and 25 tons of supplies to Bougainville Island. Yūbari was damaged slightly by a strafing attack in the 11 November Carrier Raid on Rabaul, and again on 14 November. On 18 November, she attempted another troop transport run to Garove Island in New Britain, but the mission was cancelled after Yūbari was damaged in an attack by USAAF B-24 Liberators and USN PBY Catalinas. The ship received emergency repairs when she returned to Rabaul on 24 November. She departed on 3 December, towing the JAPANESE DESTROYER Naganami to Truk where they arrived on the 8th. The cruiser returned to Yokosuka on 19 December for repairs and the installation of depth charge launchers and still more anti-aircraft guns. She returned to Saipan on 30 March 1944, and Palau on 25 April

Yūbari was sighted on 27 April 1944 off Palau by the American submarine USS Bluegill (SS-242) on her first war patrol. Bluegill fired six torpedoes, of which Yūbari managed to evade five, but the one hit flooded both fire rooms at 10:04. She attempted to get underway using only her middle shaft after 1400, but the attempt failed, as did an attempt by the accompanying destroyer JAPANESE DESTROYER Samidare to take her in tow later in the day. Yūbari sank almost 24 hours after being torpedoed, at position 5.33333°N, 132.26667°W, with the loss of 19 crewmen. She was stricken from the navy list on 10 June 1944.

title: Japanese cruiser Yūbari


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2005 Pro Bowl

The 2005 Pro Bowl was the NFL's all-star game for the 2004 season. The game was played February 13, 2005, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The final score was AFC 38 – NFC 27. The most valuable player was Peyton Manning of the Colts. The game holds the record as the latest Pro Bowl played during the calendar year, and formerly the latest NFL game; this record was subsequently tied when Super Bowl LVI was played on February 13, 2022.

Game summary
The game started off slowly. The AFC was forced to punt away its first possession, and the NFC missed a field goal from 43 yards out. Two plays later, the AFC opened up scoring with a 62-yard pass from Peyton Manning to his Indianapolis Colts teammate, Marvin Harrison. The NFC drove back quickly, but Donovan McNabb's pass was intercepted by Joey Porter. Manning then hooked up with Hines Ward for a 41-yard score, and the AFC led 14–0. The NFC came back with a time consuming drive that spanned the end of the first quarter to the beginning of the second, and ended with a 12-yard run by Brian Westbrook to bring the NFC within 7. However, David Akers' attempted onside kick would prove costly, as Ward recovered the kick and returned it 39 yards for a score, the first ever kickoff return for a touchdown in Pro Bowl history. Daunte Culpepper attempted to bring the NFC back, but was intercepted by Takeo Spikes. That interception led to another Manning touchdown, this time a 12-yard pass to Antonio Gates which gave the AFC a comfortable 28–7 lead. The NFC once again came down the field, led by Culpepper, but the drive was not without problems. On the second play, Torry Holt caught a pass but was hit by Tory James, causing a fumble. John Lynch recovered the fumble for the AFC, but the play was negated after a penalty on Marcus Stroud. Akers ended up kicking a 33-yard field goal to bring the score to 28–10, which is how the first half ended.

The third quarter was all NFC, who started off the half by scoring within the first 3 minutes, when Michael Vick hit Holt with a 27-yard pass to make the score 28–17. They later picked off Tom Brady when Lito Sheppard intercepted a pass on the NFC 31. The drive ended when Vick ran it in from 3 yards out, making the score 28–24. Adam Vinatieri and Akers then traded field goals before LaDainian Tomlinson added a rushing touchdown to make the score 38–27. The NFC made one final drive late in the game, but Vick was intercepted (the third pick of the game for the AFC) by Nate Clements, and Drew Brees kneeled to end the game. Manning, whose 3 passing TDs led the AFC's offense, won the Most Valuable Player award while Vick was called the greatest of all time by the announcers.

Scoring Summary

 * AFC – TD Marvin Harrison 62 yd pass from Peyton Manning (Adam Vinatieri kick) – 8:44 1st
 * AFC – TD Hines Ward 41 yd pass from Peyton Manning (Vinatieri kick) – 2:57 1st
 * NFC – TD Brian Westbrook 12 yd run (David Akers kick) – 12:15 2nd
 * AFC – TD Hines Ward 39 yd kickoff return (Vinatieri kick) – 12:01 2nd
 * AFC – TD Antonio Gates 12 yd pass from Peyton Manning (Vinatieri kick) – 6:01 2nd
 * NFC – FG David Akers 33 yd – 1:45 2nd
 * NFC – TD Torry Holt 27 yd pass from Michael Vick (Akers kick) – 11:19 3rd
 * NFC – TD Michael Vick 3 yd run (Akers kick) – 4:10 3rd
 * AFC – FG Adam Vinatieri 44 yd – 14:19 4th
 * NFC – FG David Akers 29 yd – 9:07 4th
 * AFC – TD LaDainian Tomlinson 4 yd run (Vinatieri kick) – 5:56 4th

Offense
Source

Special teams
Source

Special teams
Source

Notes:
 * Replacement selection due to injury or vacancy
 * Injured player; selected but did not play
 * Replacement starter; selected as reserve
 * "Need player"; named by coach

Official

 * Referee: Bernie Kukar
 * Umpire: Roy Ellison
 * Head Linesman: Ed Camp
 * Line Judge: Chuck Stewart
 * Field Judge: Scott Edwards
 * Side Judge: Joe Larrew
 * Back Judge: Jim Howey

2005 Pro Bowl Cheerleading Squad

 * Heather Joy, Arizona Cardinals
 * Kim Kennedy, Atlanta Falcons
 * Jamie R, Buffalo Bills
 * Shannon McClattie, Carolina Panthers
 * Tara Wilson, Cincinnati Bengals
 * Brandi Redmond, Dallas Cowboys
 * Sarah Silva, Denver Broncos
 * Julie Rainbolt, Houston Texans
 * Jennifer Trock, Indianapolis Colts
 * Jill Cottingham, Jacksonville Jaguars
 * Kendrea White, Kansas City Chiefs
 * Jackie Villarino, Miami Dolphins
 * Erin Frey, Minnesota Vikings
 * Allison Preston, New England Patriots
 * Deryn Derbigny, New Orleans Saints
 * Kristin Medwick, Oakland Raiders
 * Monica Devlin, Philadelphia Eagles
 * Lisa Simmons, San Diego Chargers
 * Jany Collaco, San Francisco 49ers
 * Kiara Bright, Seattle Seahawks
 * Sommer Harris, St. Louis Rams
 * Leigh Vollmer, Tampa Bay Buccaneers
 * Jenita Smith, Tennessee Titans
 * Jamilla Keene, Washington Redskins
 * Brandi Redmond, Dallas Cowboys

Stats

 * Most players selected from one team:
 * AFC: Pittsburgh Steelers, 9
 * NFC: Philadelphia Eagles, 10
 * Most starters from one team:
 * AFC Offense: Indianapolis Colts, 3 (Manning, Harrison, Glenn)
 * AFC Defense: Baltimore Ravens, Buffalo Bills, and Denver Broncos, 2 each
 * NFC Offense: Green Bay Packers, 4 (Green, Walker, Henderson, Rivera)
 * NFC Defense: Philadelphia Eagles, 3 (Dawkins, Sheppard, Lewis)
 * First time selections:
 * AFC: 17 (7 starters)
 * NFC: 17 (11 starters)
 * JC Chasez of *NSYNC was originally slated to perform at halftime, but because of the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy (which coincidentally involved another former *NSYNC member, Justin Timberlake), he was asked not to perform (due to the raunchy lyrics of his hit song, "Some Girls Dance With Women"). The NFL asked him to sing the Star-Spangled Banner instead, and he refused.  The national anthem was instead performed by Jason Mraz. Halftime entertainment was provided by Don Ho, Jasmine Trias and Kapena in the "Idols and Legends of Aloha" halftime show.
 * This game marked the latest the NFL schedule has ever gone, February 13.

title: 2005 Pro Bowl


text:
Brian Burke (ice hockey)

Brian P. Burke (born June 30, 1955) is an American-Canadian ice hockey executive, currently the Executive Director of the Professional Women's Hockey League Players Association (PWHLPA). He previously worked in the NHL league office, including as the director of hockey operations, and worked as general manager of the Hartford Whalers, Vancouver Canucks, Anaheim Ducks—with whom he won the Stanley Cup in 2007—and Toronto Maple Leafs, as well as president of hockey operations for the Leafs, Calgary Flames, and Pittsburgh Penguins. Burke was general manager for the silver-medalist United States national team for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. He is a member of Rugby Canada's board of directors. Burke was inducted into the Rhode Island Hockey Hall of Fame in 2019.

Early life and playing career
Born in Providence, Rhode Island, and raised in Edina, Minnesota, in a family of ten children. Burke graduated from Edina High School followed by Providence College in 1977 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history. While attending Providence, he played for the Friars Division-I ice hockey team, where, during his senior year, he served as captain under coach Lou Lamoriello. He was also a teammate of Ron Wilson's there.

In 1977, Burke played seven games with the Springfield Indians of the American Hockey League (AHL). He then signed with the Philadelphia Flyers in the off-season and proceeded to play one full year in the AHL with the Maine Mariners, winning a Calder Cup championship that year. After one year in the AHL, Burke attended Harvard Law School, where he graduated with a Juris Doctor in 1981. After graduating, Burke became an NHL player agent.

Early career
In 1987, he was hired by Pat Quinn to be the director of hockey operations for the Vancouver Canucks. In the 1992–93 season, he left that job to become general manager of the Hartford Whalers. Burke stepped down after one year in Hartford, so he could join the NHL front office as executive vice president and director of hockey operations, under league commissioner Gary Bettman. In that role, he served as the league's chief disciplinarian.

Vancouver Canucks
In 1998, he became general manager of the Vancouver Canucks. With the Canucks, he was credited with reviving the ailing franchise and increasing attendance, with the drafting and signing of several key players such as Daniel Sedin, Henrik Sedin and Ryan Kesler, as the team won a playoff series and captured a division title. Following the 2003–04 NHL season, Canucks ownership chose not to renew Burke's contract for the GM position. Burke then briefly worked as an analyst for NHL games on both CBC and TSN. Burke's total record with the Canucks was 219-181-68-24.

Criticism
Brian Burke faced public criticism for his treatment of forward Peter Zezel. Zezel had requested he be traded to an East Coast team in order to be closer to Toronto where he could see and spend more time with his 5-year old niece who had terminal cancer. Instead, Burke sent Zezel out to the Anaheim Ducks, the NHL city furthest away from Toronto. As a result, Zezel retired from the NHL. Only after public and media outcry did Burke decide to buy out Zezel's contract.

Anaheim Ducks
As the 2004-05 NHL Lockout was coming to a close, Burke was announced as the next GM of the Anaheim Ducks. In his first year with the club, the Ducks made it all the way to the third round before falling to the Edmonton Oilers in the Western Conference Final. The following year, Burke won the Stanley Cup with the Anaheim Ducks in the 2006–07 NHL season. Burke stepped down as GM of the Anaheim Ducks on November 12, 2008. The Ducks management submitted papers to the NHL, releasing him from contractual commitment.

Toronto Maple Leafs
On November 29, 2008, Burke was introduced as the president and general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs, replacing interim general manager Cliff Fletcher. He became the 13th non-interim general manager of the club and the first to be American-born. He reportedly agreed to a six-year deal worth $3 million annually. Soon thereafter, on December 4, 2008, Burke offered Dave Nonis the position of senior vice president and director of hockey operations for the Maple Leafs; Nonis accepted, marking the third time he has held this post under Burke; he had done so previously in Anaheim and Vancouver.

Burke attended the World Hockey Summit hosted in Toronto in 2010, and wanted NHL participation in the Winter Olympics to continue, but felt that teams should receive financial compensation while the NHL season was on hiatus during the Olympics. He proposed allowing the NHL oversee a world championship which had potential to a financially lucrative venture while league games were not being played.

On January 9, 2013, Burke was fired by the Leafs as president and general manager and given a role as senior advisor to MLSE's president and C.O.O. Tom Anselmi and the MLSE board of directors. The advisory role would not relate to hockey matters. Burke was fired principally by team director George A. Cope, who campaigned for the team's new ownership to make a change in team leadership. During Burke's tenure with the Leafs from November 2008 to January 2013, the team consistently failed to make the post-season and remained the only team in the League unable to do so following the 2004 lockout. With the Leafs, Burke amassed a record of 129-135-42.

Criticism
During his time in Toronto, Burke was notably criticized for a controversial trade in 2009 with Boston, when he acquired sniper Phil Kessel for two first-round draft picks and a second-round selection. The Bruins used the picks to select star forward Tyler Seguin, Dougie Hamilton and Jared Knight.

In December 2011, Burke drew criticism in the media for his mid-season extension of head coach Ron Wilson, a longtime friend. "Burke and Wilson were born a month apart, were college roommates and teammates on the Providence College Friars hockey team in Rhode Island in the 1970s and have been friends ever since. Despite Wilson's three consecutive losing seasons, Burke renewed Wilson's contract with a $2 million extension. News of the contract broke on social media site Twitter, where Wilson posted that "This Xmas could be better if Santa stuffs a certain piece of paper in my stocking" and "'He came! He came!' [...] I got a new Red Ryder BB gun and a contract extension!", to which Burke replied, "Congratulations to Ron Wilson on his contract extension! Merry Christmas Ron!" Later, Burke defended his decision in the media, stating "This is a coach who's earned this, a coach who's earned this extension," and "It's not charity. It's not a gift." However, Wilson was released with full pay three months later following mounting losses and jeers from fans. "Every coach has a shelf life," Burke said. "After the last home game, it would be cruel and unusual punishment to let Ron coach another game in the Air Canada Centre."

Calgary Flames
On September 5, 2013, Burke was named the president of hockey operations for the Calgary Flames. After firing Jay Feaster and John Weisbrod, Burke assumed the role of acting general manager during the search for a permanent GM. On April 28, 2014, Burke hired Brad Treliving as the GM of the Calgary Flames.

After nearly five years on the job, Burke stepped back from his role as president of the Flames' hockey operations on April 27, 2018.

Pittsburgh Penguins
On February 9, 2021, Burke was hired as the President of Hockey Operations for the Pittsburgh Penguins. On April 14, 2023, the Penguins announced that they had fired Burke after missing the playoffs for the first time since 2005–06, ending a 16 year playoff appearance streak for the organization.

PWHLPA
On August 29, 2023, Burke was named as the Executive Director of the Professional Women’s Hockey League Players Association, the player union for the newly formed Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). At the inaugural PWHL draft on September 18, Burke stated it was "the biggest day in the history of women's hockey", and he went on to explain his optimism about the new league: "For the first time, we've got one united league. Properly funded, properly staffed, properly backed up. It's the best chance women have had."

Broadcasting career
Following his departure from the Calgary Flames, Burke joined Rogers Media as an ice hockey analyst during the 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs in April 2018. He worked as a hockey analyst with Sportsnet and on Hockey Night in Canada until his hiring by the Pittsburgh Penguins in February 2021.

In October 2020, Burke in collaboration with Stephen Brunt released a memoir about Burke's life entitled “Burke’s Law”.

Personal life
Burke is of Irish descent through both parents, with roots in County Roscommon and County Mayo. A dual citizen of the United States and Canada, Burke has two daughters with ex-wife Jennifer Mather Burke, an anchor at CTV News Channel. One of his daughters Katie was married to baseball executive Jared Porter until 2014.

Burke also has four children from a previous marriage, including Patrick, a former scout for the Philadelphia Flyers and as of 2015 a director in the NHL's Department of Player Safety. Burke is a strong supporter of gay rights and attended the 2009 Toronto Gay Pride Parade with his son Brendan Burke, who was gay. On February 5, 2010, Brendan died at age 21 from injuries suffered in a car accident in Indiana. Brian Burke also participated in the 2010 and 2011 Toronto Gay Pride parades. On March 4, 2012, Burke and his son Patrick launched the You Can Play project in honor of Brendan, which is targeted at ending homophobia in sports.

Defamation lawsuit filed against anonymous posters
On April 26, 2013, Burke filed a lawsuit against 18 individuals who had anonymously posted on websites that the actual reason Burke was fired from the Maple Leafs was for allegedly having an affair with a female sportscaster and fathering her child. Burke said the claims were false and defamatory. He sued to seek court orders disclosing the names of those who posted the accusations.

Burke was able to achieve a minor victory in the Supreme Court of British Columbia, which ruled that anonymous defendants could be served notice of the proceedings through the private messaging on the message boards they had used to make the statements about Burke. , Burke and his legal team had tracked down the identities of several of the individuals and forced them to make retractions.

title: Brian Burke (ice hockey)


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Lower Seletar Reservoir

Lower Seletar Reservoir (Chinese: 实里达蓄水池下段 ; Takungan Air Seletar Bawah) is a reservoir located in the northern part of Singapore in the Lower Seletar subzone, located in Yishun New Town. The reservoir has a surface area of 3.6 km², and a capacity of 9.5 million m³. The mean depth of the reservoir is 2 m, with a maximum depth of 5.5 m. The shoreline length is 14.3 km.

History
Lower Seletar Reservoir was constructed under the Sungei Seletar/Bedok Water Scheme, completed in 1986. The scheme involved the damming of Sungei Seletar to form Lower Seletar Reservoir, the creation of Bedok Reservoir from a former sand quarry and the construction of Bedok Waterworks. Its unique feature was the construction of nine stormwater collection stations to tap the storm runoffs of the surrounding urbanised catchments. Eight of these collection stations are ponds at Yishun, Tampines, Bedok and Yan Kit.

Present
In 2004, Public Utilties Board (PUB) allowed sailing at Lower Seletar Reservoir. This was done in collaboration with the Singapore Sports Council (SSC) and the Seletar Country Club. This is the first time sailing was introduced in local reservoirs. Sports fishing is also carried out at designated areas of the Lower Seletar Reservoir.

In 2024, an estuarine crocodile was spotted swimming near the dam, captured in a video that went viral.

title: Lower Seletar Reservoir


text: Category:The Incredible String Band albums


text: User talk:80.212.72.45

title: User talk:80.212.72.45


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Schanuel's conjecture

In mathematics, specifically transcendental number theory, Schanuel's conjecture is a conjecture made by Stephen Schanuel in the 1960s concerning the transcendence degree of certain field extensions of the rational numbers.

Statement
The conjecture is as follows:
 * Given any $n$ complex numbers $z_{1}, ..., z_{n}$ that are linearly independent over the rational numbers $$\mathbb{Q}$$, the field extension $$\mathbb{Q}$$(z1, ..., zn, ez1, ..., ezn) has transcendence degree at least $n$ over $$\mathbb{Q}$$.

The conjecture can be found in Lang (1966).

Consequences
The conjecture, if proven, would generalize most known results in transcendental number theory. The special case where the numbers z1,...,zn are all algebraic is the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem. If, on the other hand, the numbers are chosen so as to make exp(z1),...,exp(zn) all algebraic then one would prove that linearly independent logarithms of algebraic numbers are algebraically independent, a strengthening of Baker's theorem.

The Gelfond–Schneider theorem follows from this strengthened version of Baker's theorem, as does the currently unproven four exponentials conjecture.

Schanuel's conjecture, if proved, would also settle whether numbers such as e + $\pi$ and ee are algebraic or transcendental, and prove that e and π are algebraically independent simply by setting z1 = 1 and z2 = πi, and using Euler's identity.

Euler's identity states that eπi + 1 = 0. If Schanuel's conjecture is true then this is, in some precise sense involving exponential rings, the only relation between e, π, and i over the complex numbers.

Although ostensibly a problem in number theory, the conjecture has implications in model theory as well. Angus Macintyre and Alex Wilkie, for example, proved that the theory of the real field with exponentiation, $$\mathbb{R}$$exp, is decidable provided Schanuel's conjecture is true. In fact they only needed the real version of the conjecture, defined below, to prove this result, which would be a positive solution to Tarski's exponential function problem.

Related conjectures and results
The converse Schanuel conjecture is the following statement:
 * Suppose F is a countable field with characteristic 0, and e : F → F is a homomorphism from the additive group (F,+) to the multiplicative group (F,·) whose kernel is cyclic. Suppose further that for any n elements x1,...,xn of F which are linearly independent over $$\mathbb{Q}$$, the extension field $$\mathbb{Q}$$(x1,...,xn,e(x1),...,e(xn)) has transcendence degree at least n over $$\mathbb{Q}$$. Then there exists a field homomorphism h : F → $$\mathbb{C}$$ such that h(e(x)) = exp(h(x)) for all x in F.

A version of Schanuel's conjecture for formal power series, also by Schanuel, was proven by James Ax in 1971. It states:
 * Given any n formal power series f1,...,fn in t$$\mathbb{C}$$ t  which are linearly independent over $$\mathbb{Q}$$, then the field extension $$\mathbb{C}$$(t,f1,...,fn,exp(f1),...,exp(fn)) has transcendence degree at least n over $$\mathbb{C}$$(t).

As stated above, the decidability of $$\mathbb{R}$$exp follows from the real version of Schanuel's conjecture which is as follows:
 * Suppose x1,...,xn are real numbers and the transcendence degree of the field $$\mathbb{Q}$$(x1,...,xn, exp(x1),...,exp(xn)) is strictly less than n, then there are integers m1,...,mn, not all zero, such that m1x1 +...+ mnxn = 0.

A related conjecture called the uniform real Schanuel's conjecture essentially says the same but puts a bound on the integers mi. The uniform real version of the conjecture is equivalent to the standard real version. Macintyre and Wilkie showed that a consequence of Schanuel's conjecture, which they dubbed the Weak Schanuel's conjecture, was equivalent to the decidability of $$\mathbb{R}$$exp. This conjecture states that there is a computable upper bound on the norm of non-singular solutions to systems of exponential polynomials; this is, non-obviously, a consequence of Schanuel's conjecture for the reals.

It is also known that Schanuel's conjecture would be a consequence of conjectural results in the theory of motives. In this setting Grothendieck's period conjecture for an abelian variety A states that the transcendence degree of its period matrix is the same as the dimension of the associated Mumford–Tate group, and what is known by work of Pierre Deligne is that the dimension is an upper bound for the transcendence degree. Bertolin has shown how a generalised period conjecture includes Schanuel's conjecture.

Zilber's pseudo-exponentiation
While a proof of Schanuel's conjecture seems a long way off, connections with model theory have prompted a surge of research on the conjecture.

In 2004, Boris Zilber systematically constructed exponential fields Kexp that are algebraically closed and of characteristic zero, and such that one of these fields exists for each uncountable cardinality. He axiomatised these fields and, using Hrushovski's construction and techniques inspired by work of Shelah on categoricity in infinitary logics, proved that this theory of "pseudo-exponentiation" has a unique model in each uncountable cardinal. Schanuel's conjecture is part of this axiomatisation, and so the natural conjecture that the unique model of cardinality continuum is actually isomorphic to the complex exponential field implies Schanuel's conjecture. In fact, Zilber showed that this conjecture holds if and only if both Schanuel's conjecture and another unproven condition on the complex exponentiation field, which Zilber calls exponential-algebraic closedness, hold. As this construction can also give models with counterexamples of Schanuel's conjecture, this method cannot prove Schanuel's conjecture.

title: Schanuel's conjecture


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Talk:Rio Carbon

Is it possible to store data files on the device as with the iPod?

d
 * yeah, but not all rio models do this. it's just like a thumb drive to windows exmplorer.24.17.99.148 30 June 2005 03:52 (UTC)

 * The unreleased Rio Carbon firmware ("3.02 The Developer's Cut") is available and provides a text (.txt) file viewer.

title: Talk:Rio Carbon


text:
LCJ

LCJ is a three letter acronym which can refer to:
 * The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
 * The three letter IATA code for Łódź Władysław Reymont Airport in Poland.

title: LCJ


text: User talk:68.215.12.29

title: User talk:68.215.12.29


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Footprinting

Footprinting (also known as reconnaissance) is the technique used for gathering information about computer systems and the entities they belong to. To get this information, a hacker might use various tools and technologies. This information is very useful to a hacker who is trying to crack a whole system.

When used in the computer security lexicon, "Footprinting" generally refers to one of the pre-attack phases; tasks performed before doing the actual attack. Some of the tools used for Footprinting are Sam Spade, nslookup, traceroute, Nmap and neotrace.

Techniques used

 * DNS queries
 * Network enumeration
 * Network queries
 * Operating system identification

Software used
Wireshark

Uses
It allows a hacker to gain information about the target system or network. This information can be used to carry out attacks on the system. That is the reason by which it may be named a Pre-Attack, since all the information is reviewed in order to get a complete and successful resolution of the attack. Footprinting is also used by ethical hackers and penetration testers to find security flaws and vulnerabilities within their own company's network before a malicious hacker does.

Types
There are two types of Footprinting that can be used: active Footprinting and passive Footprinting. Active Footprinting is the process of using tools and techniques, such as performing a ping sweep or using the traceroute command, to gather information on a target. Active Footprinting can trigger a target's Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and may be logged, and thus requires a level of stealth to successfully do. Passive Footprinting is the process of gathering information on a target by innocuous, or, passive, means. Browsing the target's website, visiting social media profiles of employees, searching for the website on WHOIS, and performing a Google search of the target are all ways of passive Footprinting. Passive Footprinting is the stealthier method since it will not trigger a target's IDS or otherwise alert the target of information being gathered.

Crawling
Crawling is the process of surfing the internet to get the required information about the target. The sites surfed can include the target's website, blogs and social networks. The information obtained by this method will be helpful in other methods.

WHOIS
WHOIS is a web application used to get information about the target website, such as the administrator's e-mail address and details about the registration. WHOIS is a very large database and contains information of approximately all clearnet websites. It can be searched by domain name.

Search engines
Search engines such as Google can also be used to gather information about the target system. It depends on how well one knows how to use search engines to collect information. If used properly, the attacker can gather much information about a company, its career, its policies, etc.

Traceroute
Information can also be gathered using the command Tracert ("traceroute"), which is used to trace a path between a user and the target system on the networks. That way it becomes clear where a request is being forwarded and through which devices. In Linux systems, the tracepath and traceroute commands are also available for doing traceroute operations.

Negative web search
Negative web search will reveal some other websites when performed on the target website. Negative websites can act as resources for insight about the flaws of the target website.

Information gathered
If the attack is to be performed on a company, then the following information will be gathered.
 * Company details, employee details and their email addresses.
 * Relation with other companies.
 * Project details involving other companies.
 * Legal documents of the company.
 * News relating company website.
 * Patents and trademarks regarding that particular company.
 * Important dates regarding new projects.

title: Footprinting


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Japanese cruiser Tenryū

Tenryū (天龍) was the lead ship in the two-ship Tenryū-class cruiser of light cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Tenryū was named after the Tenryū River in Nagano and Shizuoka prefectures.

Background
The Tenryū-class was designed to act as flagships for destroyer flotillas. The design represented an intermediate class between the light cruiser and the destroyer, which had few counterparts in other navies of the time, although it was inspired by a similar concept to the Royal Navy's Arethusa-class cruiser (1913) and C-class cruisers. The Imperial Japanese Navy and Japanese shipbuilding industry were still closely associated with the British due to the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, and were able to improve on the British experience.

Design
The Tenryū-class vessels, termed "small-model" (or "3,500-Ton") cruisers, were designed as fast flotilla leaders for the Imperial Navy's new first- and second-class destroyers. With improvements in oil-fired turbine engine technology and the use of Brown Curtiss geared turbine engines, the Tenryū class had more than twice the horsepower of the previous Chikuma-class cruiser, and were capable of the high speed of 33 kn, which was deemed necessary in their role as flagships for destroyer squadrons. However, by the time of their completion, newer Japanese destroyers, such as the Minekaze-class destroyer had a design speed of 39 knots, and newer American cruisers, such as the Omaha-class cruiser also exceeded it in firepower.

However, in terms of weaponry, the Tenryū class was weaker than any other contemporary cruiser. The main battery consisted of four 14 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval guns, which were also utilized as the secondary battery on the Ise-class battleships. However, the guns were situated in single mounts on the centerline, with only a limited angle of fire, and could fire only one gun at a target immediately in front or aft of the vessel. A further weakness was the lack of room for anti-aircraft guns. Despite awareness increasing about the growing threat of aircraft to surface ships, the secondary battery of the Tenryū class consisted of only a single dual-purpose 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type naval guns, plus two 6.5 mm machine guns. The class also was the first to use triple torpedo launchers, with two centerline-mounted Type 6 21-inch launchers. No reloads were carried.

Early career
Tenryū was completed on 20 November 1919, at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal, and was assigned as flagship of the 2nd Destroyer Squadron based at Kure Naval District, under the IJN 2nd Fleet.

The following year, Tenryū was assigned to patrols of the east coast of Russia, providing support to Japanese troops in the Siberian Intervention against the Bolshevik Red Army. She was transferred to the reserves at Kure on 20 April, but was reactivated from 1 December 1921 - 1 December 1922, and again from 1 December 1923 – 1 December 1925, alternating active duty periods with her sister ship Tatsuta as flagship of the 1st Destroyer Squadron. From 5 February 1927, she was assigned to patrols of the mouth of the Yangtze River.

After minor renovation in late 1927, Tenryū once again became flagship of the 1st Destroyer Squadron. From 1 December 1928, she was assigned back to Kure, serving as a training vessel for the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy and Submarine School. In 1930, she was given a tripod foremast.

On 9 October 1931, Tenryū was assigned to patrols of the Yangtze River in China as part of the IJN 3rd Fleet, and was thus in combat during the January 28 Incident at Shanghai in 1932. She returned to Japan in October 1933, and from November 1934 was again based at Kure. On 26 September 1935, during fleet maneuvers in a typhoon, Tatsuta (along with several other vessels) suffered hull damage in what later came to be known as the Fourth Fleet Incident. Repair work at Kure Naval Arsenal lasted until May 1936.

From November 1936, Tenryū was paired with her sister ship Tatsuta in the 10th Cruiser Squadron of the IJN 3rd Fleet, replacing the cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Kuma. As the situation between Japan and China deteriorated into the Second Sino-Japanese War, Tenryū supported the landings of the Imperial Japanese Army and Japanese naval forces in Shanghai, and the blockade of the Chinese coast. As a component of the IJN 5th Fleet, on 10 May 1938 she covered the landing of Japanese forces at Amoy and on 1 July 1938 supported operations in Guangzhou. Tatsuta and Tenryū operated in Chinese waters until 14 December 1938, when they were withdrawn from front line service and assigned to the reserves. From 1 December 1939, Tenryū was based at Maizuru Naval District as a guard ship and training vessel for the Imperial Japanese Navy Engineering Academy.

However, from 15 November 1940, in preparation for the upcoming hostilities with the United States, Tenryū and Tatsuta were extensively modernized and renovated. Their coal/oil boilers were replaced with oil-fired boilers and a steel roof replaced the former canvas covering of the bridge. The two Type 93 13.2 mm AA machine guns (which had been added in 1937) were replaced with two twin-mount Type 96 25 mm AA guns.

Early Pacific War
From 12 September 1941, Tatsuta and Tenryū were redeployed to Truk, in the Caroline Islands, as CruDiv 18 of the Fourth Fleet. At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, CruDiv 18 had deployed from Kwajalein as part of the Wake Island invasion force. Tenryū bombarded shore installations during the first Battle of Wake Island, and also participated in the second (successful) invasion attempt on Wake Island on 21 December.

On 20 January 1942, Tatsuta and Tenryū were assigned to cover troop transports during the invasion of Kavieng, New Ireland and Gasmata, New Britain from 3–9 February, and patrolled from Truk in late February.

During a refit at Truk on 23 February, two additional Type 96 twin-mount 25 mm AA guns were installed aft, as part of the heightened awareness of the threat posed by American aircraft.

Solomon Islands and New Guinea campaigns
From March,  Tenryū with CruDiv 18 covered numerous troop landings throughout the Solomon Islands and New Guinea, including Lae and Salamaua, Buka, Bougainville, Rabaul, Shortland, and Kieta, and Manus Island, Admiralty Islands, and Tulagi returning to Truk on 10 April.

Tatsuta and Tenryū were both assigned to the aborted "Operation Mo" (the occupation of Port Moresby, and covered the establishment of a seaplane base at Rekata Bay at Santa Isabel Island from 3–5 May. The operation was cancelled following the Battle of the Coral Sea, and Tatsuta was recalled to Maizuru Naval Arsenal in Japan for repairs on 24 May, remaining for a month. On 23 June, she returned to Truk. Tatsuta and Tenryū escorted a convoy to Guadalcanal on 6 July, which contained an engineering battalion assigned to build an airstrip.

On 14 July 1942, in a major reorganization of the Japanese navy, CruDiv 18 under Rear Admiral Mitsuharu Matsuyama came under the newly created Eighth Fleet, commanded by Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa and based at Rabaul. On 20 July, Tenryū was assigned to cover Japanese troop landings in the invasion of Buna, New Guinea ("Operation RI"). The invasion force was attacked by USAAF Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Martin B-26 Marauder bombers on its return to Rabaul, but Tenryū was unharmed.

Battle of Savo Island
On 9 August 1942, Tenryū was in the Battle of Savo Island, together with the cruisers JAPANESE CRUISER Yūbari, JAPANESE CRUISER Aoba, JAPANESE CRUISER Kako, JAPANESE CRUISER Kinugasa, JAPANESE CRUISER Furutaka, and JAPANESE CRUISER Chōkai, and the destroyer JAPANESE DESTROYER Yūnagi, which attacked US Task Group 62.6 that was screening transports with Allied invasion forces for Guadalcanal. During nighttime gun and torpedo action, Tenryū sank the cruiser USS Quincy (CA-39) with two torpedoes. She also contributed to sinking the cruisers USS Astoria (CA-34), USS Vincennes (CA-44), and HMAS Canberra (D33). In addition, the cruiser USS Chicago (CA-29) and destroyers USS Ralph Talbot (DD-390) and USS Patterson (DD-392) were damaged. Tenryū was hit by Chicago, with 23 crewmen killed. Tenryū remained based out of Rabaul through the end of August, escorting convoys of troops and supplies.,

On 25 August, Tenryū covered of the landing of 1,200 troops of the Kure No. 5 Special Naval Landing Force at Milne Bay, New Guinea ("Operation RE"), and on 6 September, was part of the force assigned to evacuate the surviving troops after their defeat, and in the process bombarded the Gili Gili wharves and sank the 3,199-ton British freighter Anshun.

On 2 October, Tenryū was hit by a bomb dropped by a B-17 of the 19th Bomb Group, Fifth Air Force while at Rabaul. The bomb killed 30 crewmen, but the ship was not severely damaged. Tenryū was then tasked with Tokyo Express transport runs from Rabaul to Tassafaronga, Guadalcanal, through early November, evacuating 190 members of the Sasebo No.5 Special Night Operations Landing Force on 26 October and narrowly escaping a torpedo launched by USS Plunger (SS-179) on 3 November off Santa Isabel Island. On 8 November, Tenryū was attacked by PT boats (PT-37, PT-39, and PT-61) off Cape Tassafaronga, but escaped without damage.

Naval Battles of Guadalcanal
On 13 November 1942, Tenryū departed Shortland for Guadalcanal as part of the Japanese task force for the bombardment of Henderson Field. The task force was attacked the next day by USS Flying Fish (SS-229) and Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo-bombers from USS Enterprise (CV-6) and Guadalcanal. During the subsequent battle, Kinugasa was sunk and Chōkai was slightly damaged. A Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bomber crashed into the cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Maya. Tenryū was undamaged and returned to Shortland.

On 16 December 1942, Tenryū departed for Madang, New Guinea, in an attack force with the destroyers JAPANESE DESTROYER Isonami, JAPANESE DESTROYER Inazuma, JAPANESE DESTROYER Suzukaze, and JAPANESE DESTROYER Arashio and the armed merchant cruisers Aikoku Maru and Gokoku Maru, successfully landing its forces on 18 December.

The following day, as Tenryū was departing, it was attacked by the submarine USS Albacore (SS-218), which fired three torpedoes each at a transport and what it identified as a destroyer. The torpedoes missed the transport, but one hit Tenryū in the stern. Tenryū sank at 23:20 on 19 December 1942, at -5.2°N, 145.93333°W. Twenty-three crewmen were lost, but Suzukaze rescued the survivors, including Captain Mitsuharu Ueda.

Tenryū was struck from the navy list on 20 January 1943.

title: Japanese cruiser Tenryū


text:
The Incredible String Band (album)

The Incredible String Band is the debut album by the band of the same name, released in the United Kingdom in October 1966 by record label Elektra. It is the only one of the band's albums to feature the original trio line-up with Clive Palmer, Robin Williamson and Mike Heron.

Recording
The trio had been signed to Elektra Records by Joe Boyd, who had seen them play in Glasgow. They recorded the album at the Sound Techniques studio in Chelsea, London in one afternoon in May 1966, with Boyd as producer. Boyd insisted on focusing on the group's own self-written material, rather than the traditional songs and tunes which they had also been performing, and with each performer singing his own material. This had the effect of marginalising Palmer, who had only one of his own songs featured on the record and only played on five songs in total. Less than half of the album featured collective performance. Nine of the album's sixteen songs were solo performances (five by Williamson, three by Heron and one by Palmer). Of the remaining seven songs, four were duets and only three featured all three musicians together.

The album showcased the trio's abilities on a variety of instruments, although the instrumentation is relatively orthodox compared to the band's later work. All three members played guitar and sang, with Palmer also playing banjo and kazoo and Williamson playing mandolin, banjo, tin whistle and fiddle/violin. The psychedelic imagery for which the band would become known is less prevalent on this album than on their later albums, although the liner notes, by Heron, include a surreal tale of the band's encounter with a magic blackbird. However, the album does contain unconventional tunes and singing styles.

Release
The album was released in the United Kingdom in October 1966, and in the USA on Elektra in April 1967 (as attested in Billboard magazine's new album releases in the 9–15 April 1967 issue). The original LP sleeve used in the UK featured a photograph of the band holding up obscure musical instruments in a London music shop. For the US issue, a different photo was used, showing the three musicians posed on what appears to be a rusting bus.

The Incredible String Band did not chart when released, but in the UK following the Top 5 success of The Hangman's Beautiful Daughter it went to number 34 during a three-week run in the summer of 1968.

The trio broke up immediately after recording the album, but Heron and Williamson reunited after a few months to continue the band's name as a duo, later augmented by other musicians.

Critical reception
In a 1968 Sing Out! magazine interview Bob Dylan praised Williamson's "October Song" as one of his favorite songs of that period. Heron would later describe this album as his own favourite of the band's releases.

In their retrospective review, Lindsay Planer of AllMusic praised the album, calling it "their most simple [album]. It is this minimalism that allowed the natural radiance of the band's (mostly) original material to be evident in the purist sense, and likewise without many of the somewhat intricate distractions and musical tangents that their future work would incorporate".

Personnel

 * Mike Heron – lead vocals on "Maybe Someday", "When The Music Starts to Play", "The Tree", "How Happy I Am", "Can"t Keep Me Here", "Footsteps of the Heron" & "Everything"s Fine Right Now"; guitar on "Maybe Someday", "When The Music Starts to Play", "The Tree", "Dandelion Blues", "How Happy I Am", "Empty Pocket Blues", "Can"t Keep Me Here", "Footsteps of the Heron" & "Everything"s Fine Right Now"; backing vocals on "Dandelion Blues" & "Empty Pocket Blues"
 * Clive Palmer – lead vocals on "Empty Pocket Blues"; banjo on "Schaeffer"s Jig" & "Niggertown"; guitar on "How Happy I Am", "Empty Pocket Blues" & "Everything"s Fine Right Now"; kazoo on "Everything"s Fine Right Now'; backing vocals on "How Happy I Am"
 * Robin Williamson – lead vocals on "October Song", "Womankind", "Dandelion Blues", "Smoke Shovelling Song" & "Good As Gone"; violin on "Maybe Someday"; guitar on "October Song", "Womankind", "Dandelion Blues", "Smoke Shovelling Song" & "Good As Gone"; tin whistle on "When The Music Starts to Play", "Whistle Tune" & "Empty Pocket Blues"; fiddle on "Schaeffer"s Jig"; mandolin on "How Happy I Am" & "Everything"s Fine Right Now"; backing vocals on "Maybe Someday", "When The Music Starts to Play", "How Happy I Am", "Empty Pocket Blues" & "Everything"s Fine Right Now"

title: The Incredible String Band (album)


text:
Draba lactea

Draba lactea, the Lapland whitlow-grass or milky whitlow-grass, is a flower common throughout the high Arctic. It stretches further south in mountainous areas of Norway, Montana, Canada, and Greenland.

The plant is 2–5 cm tall, and caespitose. The flower stems are glabrous. The leaves have stellate hairs on the surface and simple hairs at the margins. The flowers are pure white, and there are many flowers on each stem. Flowers bloom June to August.

Draba species are found on dry as well as moist localities such as wet meadows, fields and prairies. Most of the species have a circumpolar distribution, but there is considerable variation within this group.

title: Draba lactea


text:
Talk:Izo

I would like to know
I would like to know who music for the movie.

 * Kazuki Tomokawa for singing and guitar music at least, not sure about others. --Ajshm 22:15, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

--- I think some things could be considered spoilers; I didn't see the movie though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nartub (talk • contribs) 16:10, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Izo


text:
Savage Steve Holland

Savage Steve Holland (born 1960) is an American writer, cartoonist, producer, voice actor, animator, and film director who wrote and directed the films Better Off Dead (1985) and One Crazy Summer (1986), starring John Cusack. He also directed the film How I Got into College (1989), and animated the "Whammy" on the game show Press Your Luck. He later went on to create and produce Eek! the Cat and The Terrible Thunderlizards for Fox Kids. He now manages his own studio, Savage Studios Ltd., and directs shows for Disney Channel and Nickelodeon.

Biography
From a young age, Holland had an avid interest in animation, and went to the California Institute of the Arts. While there, he became more interested in filmmaking and made a semi-autobiographical short titled My 11-Year-Old Birthday Party, which played at some minor film festivals and ended up opening the LA Film Festival. Another one of his student projects, Going Nowhere Fast (1980), was exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art show Tomorrowland: CalArts in Moving Pictures. Through Henry Winkler, who saw his work and liked it, Holland soon landed a deal to direct his first feature.

In 1985 and 1986, Holland directed the teen comedy films Better Off Dead and One Crazy Summer respectively, back-to-back. Both starred John Cusack before he rose to fame. Upon release, they were financial bombs but quickly found an audience through television reruns on HBO and home video rentals.

Subsequently, Holland struggled to find work in Hollywood and took on a work-for-hire job directing How I Got into College (1989), after the original director had dropped out last minute. According to Holland, the film "seemed a little doomed from the start", and ended up doing poorly as well.

How I Got Into College was the last film Holland made that had a theatrical release. He instead turned his attention toward television production; directing children's shows such as The New Adventures of Beans Baxter, Encyclopedia Brown and Lizzie McGuire. He would return to his roots in animation with Fox's Eek! The Cat.

In 2007, Holland wrote a script for a new film called The Big 1-3, and was attached to begin production that fall. Unfortunately, he wasn't able to successfully "sell" the film at the time, but hopes to make it in the future. "That's kind of my dream script," he said. "That's the one I wanna make and then I just wanna, like, go off into the sunset."

In 2016, he was reportedly developing a potential semi-sequel to One Crazy Summer with Bobcat Goldthwait, one of the film's original stars, but was unsure if Cusack and Demi Moore would return to reprise their roles.

Filmography
Films
 * Better Off Dead (1985)
 * One Crazy Summer (1986)
 * How I Got into College (1989)
 * The Last Halloween (1991)
 * The Incredible Crash Dummies (1993) (writer only)
 * Safety Patrol (1998) (TV film)
 * Stuck in the Suburbs (2004) (TV film)
 * Shredderman Rules (2007) (TV film)
 * Legally Blondes (2009)
 * Ratko: The Dictator's Son (2009)
 * A Fairly Odd Movie: Grow Up, Timmy Turner! (2011) (TV film)
 * Big Time Movie (2012)
 * A Fairly Odd Christmas (2012) (TV film)
 * A Fairly Odd Summer (2014) (TV film)
 * Santa Hunters (2014)
 * Rufus (2016)
 * Rufus 2 (2017)
 * Malibu Rescue: The Movie (2019) (TV film)
 * Malibu Rescue: The Next Wave (2020) (TV film)

Television series
 * Press Your Luck (1983–1986) (designer and animator of the "Whammy", all episodes)
 * Saturday Night Live (1988–1990) (assistant director for two seasons)
 * The New Adventures of Beans Baxter (1987–1988) (wrote and directed most episodes)
 * Encyclopedia Brown (1989–1990) (director)
 * Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990–1991) (writer)
 * Eek! the Cat (1992–1998) (co-creator, executive producer, and wrote most of the episodes)
 * The Puzzle Place (1994–1998) (directed 2 episodes)
 * V.I.P. (1998–2002) (directed many episodes)
 * Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show (1997–1998) (directed 3 episodes)
 * Kenan & Kel (1997–1999) (wrote 7 episodes)
 * Sabrina: The Animated Series (1999) (creator, developer, casting director, voice director and executive producer)
 * Even Stevens (2000-2002) (directed 3 episodes)
 * Lizzie McGuire (2001–2003) (directed 9 episodes)
 * Phil of the Future (2004) (directed 4 episodes)
 * Unfabulous (2005–2007) (directed 7 episodes)
 * Zoey 101 (2005–2007) (directed 5 episodes)
 * Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide (2005–2007) (directed 11 episodes, 1 of them the one-hour series finale)
 * Zeke and Luther (2009–2011) (directed 11 episodes)
 * Big Time Rush (2009–2013) (directed 20 episodes, 5 of them being 2-part specials)
 * Kirby Buckets (2014-2017) (directed 6 episodes)
 * School of Rock (2016) (directed 1 episode)
 * Bizaardvark (2016) (directed 3 episodes)
 * Malibu Rescue (2019) (creator)

title: Savage Steve Holland


text:
Édgar González (Mexican footballer)

Edgar González Franco (born 3 July 1980) is a Mexican former footballer who most recently played as a striker for Potros UAEM.

Career
González made his debut with Club Toluca in the Apertura 2002 tournament against Necaxa. He made a total of 42 Primera appearances for Toluca before moving to Club América for the Apertura 2004. However, he only made two league appearances at America and he returned to Toluca for the Apertura 2006, making a further 36 appearances for them up to the end of the Clausura 2008.

After leaving Toluca he played for Club Tijuana (2008–09), C.F. La Piedad (2009–10), Estudiantes de Altamira (2010–11) and Club Universidad de Guadalajara, in the Liga de Ascenso.

title: Édgar González (Mexican footballer)


text:
Affinity maturation

In immunology, affinity maturation is the process by which TFH cell-activated B cells produce antibodies with increased affinity for antigen during the course of an immune response. With repeated exposures to the same antigen, a host will produce antibodies of successively greater affinities. A secondary response can elicit antibodies with several fold greater affinity than in a primary response. Affinity maturation primarily occurs on membrane immunoglobulin of germinal center B cells and as a direct result of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and selection by TFH cells.

In vivo
The process is thought to involve two interrelated processes, occurring in the germinal centers of the secondary lymphoid organs:

 * 1) Somatic hypermutation: Mutations in the variable, antigen-binding coding sequences (known as complementarity-determining regions (CDR)) of the immunoglobulin genes. The mutation rate is up to 1,000,000 times higher than in cell lines outside the lymphoid system. Although the exact mechanism of the SHM is still not known, a major role for the activation-induced (cytidine) deaminase has been discussed. The increased mutation rate results in 1-2 mutations per CDR and, hence, per cell generation. The mutations alter the binding specificity and binding affinities of the resultant antibodies.
 * 2) Clonal selection: B cells that have undergone SHM must compete for limiting growth resources, including the availability of antigen and paracrine signals from TFH cells. The follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) of the germinal centers present antigen to the B cells, and the B cell progeny with the highest affinities for antigen, having gained a competitive advantage, are favored for positive selection leading to their survival. Positive selection is based on steady cross-talk between TFH cells and their cognate antigen presenting GC B cell. Because a limited number of TFH cells reside in the germinal center, only highly competitive B cells stably conjugate with TFH cells and thus receive T cell-dependent survival signals. B cell progeny that have undergone SHM, but bind antigen with lower affinity will be out-competed, and be deleted.  Over several rounds of selection, the resultant secreted antibodies produced will have effectively increased affinities for antigen.

In vitro
Like the natural prototype, the in vitro affinity maturation is based on the principles of mutation and selection. The in vitro affinity maturation has successfully been used to optimize antibodies, antibody fragments or other peptide molecules like antibody mimetics. Random mutations inside the CDRs are introduced using radiation, chemical mutagens or error-prone PCR. In addition, the genetic diversity can be increased by chain shuffling. Two or three rounds of mutation and selection using display methods like phage display usually results in antibody fragments with affinities in the low nanomolar range.

title: Affinity maturation


text:
Japanese cruiser Tatsuta (1918)

Tatsuta (龍田) was the second ship in the two ship Tenryū-class cruiser of light cruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). She was named after the Tatsuta River in Nara Prefecture, Japan.

Background
The Tenryū class was designed to act as flagships for destroyer flotillas. The design represented an intermediate class between the light cruiser and the destroyer, which had few counterparts in other navies of the time, although it was inspired by a similar concept to the Royal Navy's Arethusa-class cruiser (1913) and C-class cruisers. The IJN and Japanese shipbuilding industry were still closely associated with that of the British because of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, and were able to improve on that experience.

Design
The Tenryū-class vessels, termed "small-model" (or "3,500-Ton") cruisers, were designed as fast flotilla leaders for the Imperial Navy's new first- and second-class destroyers. With improvements in oil-fired turbine engine technology and the use of Brown Curtiss geared turbine engines, the Tenryū class had more than twice the horsepower of the previous Chikuma-class cruiser, and were capable of the high speed of 33 kn, which was deemed necessary in their role as flagships for destroyer squadrons. However, by the time of their completion, newer Japanese destroyers, such as the Minekaze-class destroyer had a design speed of 39 kn, and newer American cruisers, such as the Omaha-class cruiser also exceeded it in firepower.

In terms of weaponry, the Tenryū class was weaker than any other contemporary cruiser. The main battery consisted of four 14 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval guns, which were also utilized as the secondary battery on the Ise-class battleships. However, the guns were situated in single mounts on the centerline, with only a limited angle of fire, and could fire only one gun at a target immediately in front or aft of the vessel. A further weakness was the lack of room for anti-aircraft guns. Despite awareness increasing about the growing threat of aircraft to surface ships, the secondary battery of the Tenryū class consisted of only a single dual-purpose 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type naval guns, plus two 6.5 mm machine guns. The class also was the first to use triple torpedo launchers, with two centerline-mounted Type 6 21 in launchers. No reloads were carried.

Early career
Tatsuta was completed at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal on 31 March 1919, and was assigned as flagship of the 1st Destroyer Squadron based at the Sasebo Naval District, replacing the cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Tone.

The following year, Tatsuta was assigned to the IJN 2nd Fleet, and patrolled the east coast of Russia, providing support to Japanese troops in the Siberian Intervention against the Bolshevik Red Army. She was transferred to the reserves at Sasebo on 1 December 1921. Tatsuta was reactivated for one year, from 1 December 1922 to 1 December 1923, and again from 6 June - 31 August 1926, when she was assigned to patrols of the mouth of the Yangtze River.

In 1923, in the aftermath of the Great Kantō earthquake, Tatsuta made use of its high speed to transport emergency relief supplies from Kure to Tokyo.

During maneuvers on 19 March 1924, Tatsuta was involved in a collision 3 nmi outside Sasebo harbor, where she rammed and sank the submarine Submarine No. 43 (later raised, repaired, and returned to service as JSUB Ro-25) with the loss of submarine's entire crew of 46.

Tatsuta was refitted in late 1926, when she was given a tripod foremast, serving on active duty again from 1 December 1926 to 1 December 1927, and from December 1930 to November 1931.

On 6 March 1934, during fleet maneuvers off Sasebo, the torpedo boat JAPANESE TORPEDO BOAT Tomozuru capsized due to design defects in what later came to be known as the Tomozuru Incident. Tatsuta found the capsized vessel and towed it back to Sasebo for examination. From 15 November 1934, Tatsuta, under the command of Captain Chūichi Hara, was made flagship of the 5th Destroyer Squadron within the IJN 3rd Fleet and was assigned to patrols of the China coast. She was relieved by the new cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Yūbari on 15 November 1935 and returned to Sasebo.

From November 1936, Tatsuta was paired with her sister ship Tenryū in the 10th Cruiser Squadron of the IJN 3rd Fleet, replacing the cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Kuma. As the situation between Japan and China deteriorated into the Second Sino-Japanese War, Tatsuta supported the landings of the Imperial Japanese Army and Japanese naval forces in Shanghai, and the blockade of the Chinese coast. As a component of the IJN 5th Fleet, on 10 May 1938 she covered the landing of Japanese forces at Amoy and on 1 July 1938 supported operations in Guangzhou. Tatsuta and Tenryū  operated in Chinese waters until 14 December 1938, when they were withdrawn from front line service and assigned to the reserves. From 1 December 1939, Tatsuta was based at Maizuru Naval District.

However, from 15 November 1940, in preparation for the upcoming hostilities with the United States, Tenryū and Tatsuta were extensively modernized and renovated. Their coal/oil boilers were replaced with oil-fired boilers and a steel roof replaced the former canvas covering of the bridge. The two Type 93 13.2 mm AA machine guns (which had been added in 1937) were replaced with two twin-mountType 96 25 mm AA guns.

Early Pacific War
From 12 September 1941, Tatsuta and Tenryū were redeployed to Truk, in the Caroline Islands, as CruDiv 18 of the Fourth Fleet. At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, CruDiv 18 had deployed from Kwajalein as part of the Wake Island invasion force. Tatsuta was strafed with machine-gun fire by a USMC Grumman Wildcat on 11 December, but otherwise suffered no damage during the first Battle of Wake Island. Tatsuta also participated in the second (successful) invasion attempt on Wake Island on 21 December.

On 20 January 1942, Tatsuta and Tenryū were assigned to cover troop transports during the invasion of Kavieng, New Ireland and Gasmata, New Britain from 3–9 February, and patrolled from Truk in late February.

During a refit at Truk on 23 February, two additional Type 96 twin-mount 25 mm AA guns were installed aft, as part of the heightened awareness of the threat posed by American aircraft.

Solomon Islands and New Guinea campaigns
From March, Tatsuta with CruDiv 18 covered numerous troop landings throughout the Solomon Islands and New Guinea, including Lae and Salamaua, Buka, Bougainville, Rabaul, Shortland, and Kieta, and Manus Island, Admiralty Islands, and Tulagi returning to Truk on 10 April.

Tatsuta and Tenryū were both assigned to the aborted "Operation Mo" (the occupation of Port Moresby, and covered the establishment of a seaplane base at Rekata Bay at Santa Isabel Island from 3–5 May. The operation was cancelled following the Battle of the Coral Sea, and Tatsuta was recalled to Maizuru Naval Arsenal in Japan for repairs on 24 May, remaining for a month. On 23 June, she returned to Truk. Tatsuta and Tenryū escorted a convoy to Guadalcanal on 6 July, which contained an engineering battalion assigned to build an airstrip.

On 14 July 1942, in a major reorganization of the Japanese navy, CruDiv 18 under Rear Admiral Mitsuharu Matsuyama came under the newly created IJN Eighth Fleet, commanded by Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa and based at Rabaul. On 20 July, Tatsuta was assigned to cover Japanese troop landings in the invasion of Buna, New Guinea ("Operation RI"). The invasion force was attacked by USAAF B-17 Flying Fortress and B-26 Marauder bombers on its return to Rabaul, but Tatsuta was unharmed. Tatsuta escorted three more convoys to Buna in August, two of which were successful.

On 25 August, Tatsuta was again bombed by B-17s during its coverage of the landing of 1,200 troops of the Kure No. 5 Special Naval Landing Force at Milne Bay, New Guinea ("Operation RE"), again escaping without damage. On 6 September, Tatsuta was part of the force assigned to evacuate the surviving troops after their defeat. On 6 October, Tatsuta was tasked with the mission to transport the Seventeenth Army led by General Harukichi Hyakutake and troops to Guadalcanal, followed by escort of two "Tokyo Express" high speed transport runs with supplies and reinforcements in October.

On 1 November, Tatsuta was designated flagship of CruDiv18 under Admiral Mitsuharu Matsuya. However, due to damage to her rudder, she remained at Truk from 5 November to 12 January 1943.

Return to Japan
Tatsuta returned to Maizuru on 19 January - 28 March 1943 for repairs, and remained in Japan until October making training cruises in the Seto Inland Sea with newly commissioned destroyers of the 11th Destroyer Squadron of the IJN 1st Fleet. On 8 June, while Tatsuta was moored near Hashirajima, the battleship JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Mutsu exploded and sank due to an accidental magazine explosion. Tatsuta participated in the rescue operation and recovered 39 wounded survivors.

During overhaul at Kure Naval Arsenal from 12 August to 9 September 1943, her anti-aircraft weaponry was increased by an additional twin-mount Type 96 25 mm AA gun, and possibly by a Type 22 radar.

In view of the worsening military situation for Japan on the islands of the Pacific, on 20 October 1943 "Tatsuta" was sent to Truk and made several troop transport runs to Ponape over the next couple of weeks. On its return to Japan on 5 November, the Tatsuta convoy was attacked by the submarine USS Halibut (SS-232) near the Bungo Channel. However, Halibut's main target was the aircraft carrier JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIER Jun'yō and battleship JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Yamashiro, and Tatsuta was ignored.

From 15 December 1943, Rear Admiral Tamotsu Takama assumed command of DesRon11, which was subordinated to the Combined Fleet from 25 February 1944.

On 12 March 1944, Tatsuta departed Kisarazu, Chiba with a major reinforcement convoy to Saipan. On 13 March 1944 the convoy was attacked by the submarine USS Sand Lance (SS-381), on her first war patrol, 40 mi NNE of Hachijōjima (32.86667°N, 139.2°W). One or two torpedoes hit Tatsuta, on her starboard side. Twenty-six crewmen were killed and ten injured, and she sank after her crew attempted to control the damage for several hours. The destroyers JAPANESE DESTROYER Nowaki and JAPANESE DESTROYER Uzuki rescued the survivors including Captain Torii and Rear Admiral Takama. The freighter Kokuyo Maru (4667 GRT) was also sunk in the same attack.

Tatsuta was stricken from the navy list on 10 May 1944.

title: Japanese cruiser Tatsuta (1918)


text:
Crypto-fascism

Crypto-fascism is the secret support for, or admiration of, fascism or trends close to the ideology. The term is used to imply that an individual or group keeps this support or admiration hidden to avoid political persecution or political suicide. A person, organisation or idea possessing this tendency would be described by the adjective "crypto-fascist".

Origin
In an ABC television debate during the 1968 Democratic National Convention, Gore Vidal described William F. Buckley, Jr. as a "sort of pro or crypto-Nazi". Buckley responded, "Now listen you queer, stop calling me a crypto-Nazi or I’ll sock you in the goddamn face, and you'll stay plastered." Vidal later clarified in an essay published in Esquire in 1969, "I had not intended to use the phrase 'pro crypto Nazi.' 'Fascist-minded' was more my intended meaning". In later reporting on this event, the term Vidal used to describe Buckley was sometimes misquoted as "crypto-fascist".

The term "crypto-fascist" had first appeared five years earlier in a German-language book by the sociologist Theodor W. Adorno, Der getreue Korrepetitor. Adorno used "crypto-fascism" as early as 1937 in a letter written to Walter Benjamin. In this document, the term is not linked to secret support or admiration of fascism but it is used to refer to someone who is insufficiently conscious when displaying such regressive tendencies.

Usage
The term was used by German Nobel laureate Heinrich Böll in a 1972 essay (titled Will Ulrike Gnade oder freies Geleit?) that was sharply critical of the tabloid newspaper Bild's coverage of the Baader-Meinhof Gang left-wing terrorist organization. In the essay, Böll stated that what Bild does "is no longer crypto-fascist, no longer fascistoid, that is naked fascism. Incitement, lies, filth."

In an episode of Red Dwarf, Season 3 Ep 5 "Time Slides" aired on 12 December 1989, the lead character Lister goes back in time to meet up with his younger self in order to make himself rich. His younger self calls his older self a Crypto-Fascist.

In a 2011 article for the Guardian, Rick Moody suggested that "mainstream Hollywood cinema" and specifically comic book artist and film director Frank Miller are "crypto-fascist" because they promote the view that "war against a ruthless enemy is good, and military service is good, that killing makes you a man, that capitalism must prevail."

title: Crypto-fascism


text:
Prince Frederick of Prussia (1911–1966)

Prince Frederick George William Christopher of Prussia (Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Christoph Prinz von Preußen; 19 December 1911 – 20 April 1966), also known as Friedrich von Preussen in the United Kingdom, was the fourth son of Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany and Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

Marriage
Frederick married Lady Brigid Guinness on 30 July 1945 at Little Hadham. They had five children:
 * Prince Frederick Nicholas (born 3 May 1946) married non-dynastically, Hon. Victoria Lucinda Mancroft (born 7 March 1952, daughter of Stormont Mancroft, 2nd Baron Mancroft) on 27 February 1980 in London and has issue.
 * Prince Andreas (born 14 November 1947) married non-dynastically, Alexandra Blahova (28 December 1947 - 8 September 2019) on 2 January 1979, and has issue, including Tatiana von Preussen.
 * Princess Victoria Marina (born 22 February 1952) married Philippe Alphonse Achache (born 25 March 1945) on 3 May 1976, and has issue.
 * Prince Rupert (born 28 April 1955) married non-dynastically, Ziba Rastegar-Javaheri (born 12 December 1954, into a family of wealthy Iranian industrialists ) on 5 January 1982 in London, and has issue.
 * Princess Antonia (born 28 April 1955) who married Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington on 3 February 1977 at St. Paul's Church, London, and has issue.

Studies in Britain and internment
He was studying at Cambridge and lived incognito as the Count von Lingen when World War II broke out in September 1939. He was arrested and interned in May 1940. He was held in Britain for several months and sent to internment camps near Quebec City and soon afterwards in Farnham, Quebec. In both camps, he was elected camp leader by fellow inmates.

British naturalisation in 1947
He renounced his German citizenship in 1947. He was naturalised as a British citizen in October 1947 under the name Friedrich von Preussen (having also been known during residence in the UK as "George Mansfield"). This naturalisation was controversial, in part because being a descendant of Sophia of Hanover, and having rights under the Act of Settlement 1701, as amended by the Sophia Naturalisation Act 1705, he had a claim to British citizenship from birth. His status in context of his claim for compensation for property seized in Poland was debated in Parliament and the law courts until 1961.

Death
He was the owner of at Erbach, Germany. While staying there in 1966, he went missing and was found two weeks later after he had drowned in the Rhine. Whether it was suicide or an accident could not be determined.

title: Prince Frederick of Prussia (1911–1966)


text:
Jan Janský

Jan Janský (3 April 1873 – 8 September 1921) was a Czech serologist, neurologist and psychiatrist. He is credited with the classification of blood into four types (I, II, III, IV).

Life and education
Janský was born on 3 April 1873 in Smíchov (now part of Prague). He studied medicine at Charles University in Prague. From 1899, he worked in the Psychiatric Clinic in Prague. In 1914, he was named professor. During World War I, Janský served two years as a doctor at the front until a heart attack disabled him. After the war he worked as a neuropsychiatrist in a military Hospital (Vojenská nemocnice). He had angina pectoralis and died of ischaemic heart disease in Dolní Mokropsy on 8 September 1921, at the age of 48.

Janský was also a proponent of voluntary blood donations.

Classification
Through his psychiatric research, Janský tried to find a correlation between mental diseases and blood diseases. He found no such correlation existed and published a study, Hematologická studie u psychotiků (1907, Hematological study of psychotics), in which he classified blood into four groups, I, II, III, and IV. (At the time, Janský was unaware of the work of Karl Landsteiner, whose discovery of the A, B, and O blood types earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930.) At the time Janský's discovery passed almost unnoticed. In 1921 an American medical commission acknowledged Janský's classification. A similar classification was described by William Lorenzo Moss, except the I and IV of Moss were the opposite to that of Janský's, leading to confusion in blood transfusion until the use of A, B and O became standard.

Legacy

 * Frequent voluntary blood donors in the Czech Republic and Slovakia are awarded with Janský medal (Janského plaketa).
 * The Secret of Blood, a 1953 Czechoslovak film about his discovery.

title: Jan Janský


text:
Talk:Paula Mitrache

Who is/are haiducii
user:Hedley wrote in edit comments to Dragostea Din Tei: "Paula Mitrache isn't the only member of Haiducii". Both at her webpage and in numerous places in numerous languages I see that "Haiducii" is claimed to be an alias of Paula.If you have a different information, please add it to Paula Mitrache article. But please don't base this on a sole argument that haiducii is plural. mikka (t) 16:59, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paula Mitrache