text:
Talk:Commonwealth of England

Lead again
There was quite a bit of discussion about the lead before the version prior to this change was put in, only recently. It seems a bit premature to suddenly rewrite the lead again, especially without any substantive discussion. The "copy edit" edit summary is also somewhat misleading. There are major changes here, not all of which are necessarily improvements: we have lost the alternative term "English Commonwealth"; introduced a fixed end date of 1660; lost the brief explanation of the slightly different ways the term is applied; lost reference to the fact that during the early Commonwealth, England was nominally ruled by Parliament and the Council of State ; and, on a more trivial point, introduced a grammatical error by adding an unnecessary "and" ("and later with ..").  N-HH   talk / edits  10:00, 23 September 2013 (UTC)

 * There were no substantive deletion of text so Copy Edit was the correct term (particularly as I contributed to these conversations on the talk page and as far as I can tell never said that I agreed with the minor additions that I removed). To address your points in order
 * There is no substantive difference between Commonwealth of England or English Commonwealth. Both do not need to be in bold in the first sentence.
 * There is no direct causation between the second civil war and the republic. The commonwealth came about because of the execution -- the second civil war like the first civil war are two links in a chain that go back nearly half a century, and the finer points of that debate should not be placed in this lead.
 * See the footnote for alternative meanings
 * The lead still contained "Power in the early Commonwealth was vested primarily in the Parliament and a Council of State". (actually as as was shown in the coup d'état of 1653 power really lay with the Army Council).
 * Minor grammar errors can be fixed without a revert.
 * -- PBS (talk) 13:53, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Copyediting is usually only used to refer to grammar and formatting corrections and minor stylistic changes. No, the edit didn't lose a lot, but there were still substantive changes there, even if fewer than I first thought. I also think it's not unreasonable to suggest that some of the points might have been raised when an opportunity arose during the discussion above, which you did participate in, rather than just waiting for a few days after it was done and then making them without any discussion. It might even have offered some relief from the voluminous off-topic debate involved there. Anyway, on the points ..
 * I agree we could maybe lose "English Commonwealth" as an alternative bolded title, but that specific term is found, including as a book title, and equally I can't see any particular benefit in losing it
 * I'm not sure what this is referring to. I don't see where the lead claims causation per se or where exactly it goes into too much detail on the chronology
 * Yes, the edit created a footnote re the alternative periods the term can refer to, but that still removed visible text from the lead. Also, regardless of any footnote, the edit added the explicit claim that the Commonwealth lasted until 1660. This is not the universal terminology, and it is something I thought we had been discussing more generally above and had come to an agreement on (also I think the words "now usually known as" before the Protectorate are important, since they help both with the ambiguity of modern terminology and with the distinction between what things would have been called then and what they are called now)
 * I misread the changes at first glance, but did strike my incorrect claim that we had lost the Council of State stuff
 * Sure
 *  N-HH   talk / edits  14:29, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
 * The benefit in loosing English Commonwealth is a matter of style, including both makes this lead look like the camel it is. If the article was called "English Commonwealth" then I would have removed "Commonwealth of England".

 * "following the defeat of King Charles I in the Second English Civil War and his execution". Why include the second civil war in which Charles was not defeated as he was at that time a prisoner? Better to drop it completely (the complicated situation is summed up in the Prelude and Execution of Charles I in the SECW article). so I think "following the trial and execution of Charles I in late January 1649 until ..." is more succinct and accurate.
 * I added "...the Restoration of Charles II in 1660." The reason for the 1660 date is that the commonwealth lasted until the Restoration. There is no debate over this in the sources because Cromwell was "Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of ...", and as Blair Worden (2012, God's Instruments: Political Conduct in the England of Oliver Cromwell page 275) makes clear for supporters of the republic the Interregnum was a Commonwealth it was just that that they were rather vague on for whom it was a commonwealth (see the whole page but particularly footnote 145). On page 273 Worden explains why the Rumpers chose Commonwealth "" because "". He goes on to say "". So there is no debate that the Commonwealth government lasted until 1660, the only debate is if the "English Commonwealth" ended with the coup d'état in 1653. As can be seen by Worden's detailed explanation as the terms were used loosely by contemporariness, so most historians who describe the "English Commonwealth" as a specific sub-period do so with dates which restrict the focus of their books but do not necessarily imply that the rest of interregnum was not also a commonwealth, indeed even if one does not think that the term "English Commonwealth" is appropriate for the Protectorate one is left with the problem of what to call 1659-60 if the English Commonwealth ended with the coup d'état in 1653.
 * The reason for the footnoting it is that its content is about the meaning of the term commonwealth and not about what the commonwealth was (WP:REFERS). Footnoting differences in usage of a term in reliable sources is a common way to present such information as the information placed in a footnote explains the nuances of usage -- After this post revert discussion I would add into it "English" before the first use of commonwealth, (but that does not really help as one also has to include 1659-1660) -- But that is something to work on rather than reverting it.
 * -- PBS (talk) 08:47, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Following the bullet points ..
 * As I say, I can see the advantage in being tidier and not having all three alternatives listed (they're all variations on a theme after all). It doesn't seem a big deal either way
 * Fair enough as to the specifics re Charles. But I think it would help to keep a bit more in the way of chronology and links here. Perhaps "following the defeat of the royalists in the Second Civil War" or "after the end of the Second Civil War"?
 * Yes the Commonwealth lasted until 1660 in one sense, and that's probably the term generally used at the time, but the terminology today tends to prefer the "Protectorate" for the post-1653 period, which is marked as a contrast to the pre-53 period, especially when looking at the government; and about which we have a separate article ourselves of course. I think we need to reflect that by fudging it slightly in the opening sentence here while explaining later in the lead the (different) uses of the term. And if we don't fudge it, why pick 1660 rather than 1653? As I said before, that may not be ideal but we have to deal with the sources and the terminology as we find them: in my view it's the least worst option and makes sure we cover all the ground and all the ambiguity. See for example this encyclopedia entry, at p126.
 * See above. Plus, while the essay you cite correctly suggests avoiding "refers to .." where it's unnecessary, that doesn't mean we can't or never do. This seems a rather obvious situation where it can't really be avoided in open text. The concern is less about what exactly any footnote might say than with the principle of relying on such a footnote rather than the main text in the first place, which leaves the explanation stuck at the very end of the entire page. A brief discussion of terminology has been in the main text for a while, long before my recent changes, so I think it's legitimate to accept doing it that way round as the status quo pending consensus to change it.
 * Overall I just think the outright removal or shifting of information from a lead, much of which has been there in some form or other for a while, should be avoided unless there's a clear benefit to doing it. I'm sure that, given the structure, the content it can always be improved, but that's a different point.  N-HH   talk / edits  16:18, 24 September 2013 (UTC)

Reorganisation (again)
Sorry if I’m ploughing up ground that others thought settled, but I think there are some issues with titles and scopes of articles related to this one. Not, I should say, with the title of this article—I won’t dare to touch that issue—but as the preceding archive link suggests, this Talk page has been something of a rallying point for edits on the whole inter-article matter in the past, so I’ve chosen to make my observations here. Far be it from me to tell the hard-working editors who’ve carefully hammered out consensus that they’re wrong and they have to do this or that, but… well, the danger everyone faces, writing in their own areas of expertise, is losing perspective on how non-experts will come to the topic, isn’t it? -- Perey (talk) 04:26, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Interregnum (England) seems, by its own lead, to intend to be about life and events in England during the Interregnum, not about the Interregnum itself. Great—can the title reflect that? Something like “England during the Interregnum”?
 * I’m sure the title Interregnum (1649–1660) has been carefully chosen (over such predecessors as Interregnum (British Isles)) for good and inclusive reasons, but for someone only passingly familiar with the topic, it’s very confusing. It suggests that (a) I (should) know the Interregnum by its dates, and/or that (b) that there was another Interregnum in England or Britain, rendering “(British Isles)” insufficient as a distinguisher.
 * The scopes of articles on the topic need to be clarified (and the articles themselves interlinked more consistently), so that someone like me can come in fresh and know which articles are going to cover what facets—and I can go away feeling that I’ve got a decent idea of how matters relate to each other.

 * Point of fact there was an article called English Interregnum which was moved to Interregnum (England) this was briefly moved to Interregnum (British Isles) and then moved back to Interregnum (England). Interregnum (1649–1660) was a summary style article created immediately after the move back from Interregnum (British Isles) which was then redirected to that new summary style article.

 * British Isles is a very bad disambiguator because it is a politically loaded term and not (just) a geographic one. For example what defines the British Isles to include the Shetland Islands but exclude the Faroe Islands if it is not political possession? Similarly with the Channel Islands (it needed a ICJ ruling in 1953 to decide whether Écréhous was French or British territory and hence part of the British Isles). Using the term British Isles while not thought much of a issue in Britain, as politically controversial in Ireland so best avoided if there is a suitable alternative . Also there are lots of other interregnums for the constituent parts of the British Isles at other times which makes it less than ideal:

 * Who was king of England after Harold was killed at Hastings? The idea of "The King is dead. Long live the King" is Norman medieval concept which did not exist in Saxon Englandm, and often notable in its absence during things like the War of the Roses -- before the Battle of Bosworth Richard III was King, but Parliament passed legislation after the fact that made Henry VII King the day before the battle (making those who fought against him traitors after the fact). In 1660 after the events of 1649 it became a political figleaf, particularly after James II fled into exile and the later choice of George I as king by act of Parliament. King Henry VIII was the first modern King of Ireland (before that his and previous English Kings were Lords of Ireland). Wales did not have a king (or at least it was debatable) before Edward I imposed himself on the principality, also at times Scotland was without a monarch (eg Braveheart and all that). So "interregnum (British Isles)" is not only politically inexpedient it also brings complexity the current disambiguation avoids.

 * As to your questions over "Interregnum (England)" I am against changing the title and in the long term it may be better to merge its contents in here and redirect it to this article, but until its content is fully cited I would be against doing that. Besides there are many other things that need work before we need worry about that (like turning Interregnum (1649–1660) into a much better article along with the articles to which it links). -- PBS (talk) 16:38, 1 November 2014 (UTC)

Sequence of events
I am going to partially revert this edit by Aanderson@amherst.edu, because two of the thee facts are correct. If there is repetition then edits elsewhere may be needed.

Source for the sequence of events:

From List of Ordinances and Acts of the Parliament of England, 1642–60
 * 9 October 1646 Ordinance for the abolishing of Archbishops and Bishops in England and Wales and for settling their lands and possessions upon Trustees for the use of the Commonwealth.

 * 6 January 1648/9 Act erecting a High Court of Justice for the trial of the King.
 * 30 January 1648/9 Act prohibiting the proclaiming any person to be King of England or Ireland or the Dominions thereof.
 * 30 January 1648/49 execution of Charles I

-- PBS (talk) 01:06, 23 February 2015 (UTC)
 * 17 March 1648/9 Act for abolishing the kingly office in England, Ireland and the Dominions thereunto belonging
 * 19 March 1648/9 Act abolishing the House of Peers.
 * 19 May 1649 Act Declaring and Constituting the People of England to be a Commonwealth and Free-State
 * 27 September 1650 Act for the relief of the religious and peaceable from the Rigour of former Acts of Parliament, in matters of Religion.

PBS, the text reads:

Just before and after the execution of King Charles I on 30 January 1649, the Rump passed a number of acts of Parliament creating the legal basis for the republic. With the abolition of the monarchy, Privy Council and the House of Lords, it had unchecked executive, as well as legislative, power. […two sentences…] After the Execution of Charles I, the House of Commons abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords.

The last sentence is redundant and within the same paragraph, so no other edits are necessary.

— AA — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aanderson@amherst.edu (talk • contribs) 01:19, 23 February 2015

 * Actually while it may be a duplication it is more accurate than the part you have highlighted "Just before and after the execution of King Charles ..." All of the acts mentioned were passed after the execution and not just after (which would imply days, possibly weeks) but more than a month and a half later. As I said If there is repetition then edits elsewhere may be needed. -- PBS (talk) 01:33, 23 February 2015 (UTC)

 * PBS, while I agree that is better, it is a small matter and I would prefer that you edit this first sentence to your liking instead of restoring this last sentence, which I find to be a distraction since it makes me stop and think to myself “didn’t I just read this?”. — AA — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aanderson@amherst.edu (talk • contribs) 02:02, 23 February 2015 (UTC)

 * As you highlight, with this instance, Wikipedia is a camel (a horse designed by a committee). My point is that the whole paragraph needs rewriting, and deleting the more accurate sentence does not help fix he problem. I am willing to do it by I am not sure when as I have several other pressing issues I am dealing with, in the mean time I do not think that your initial solution fixes the problem. So yes if you do not make the changes I will do so, but I am not sure when. -- PBS (talk) 12:18, 23 February 2015 (UTC)

Possible revisions and additions to come...?
I may be doing some addition, I do not see any comments from the past five years, but please correct anything I add that may be erroneous. Notarealperson2 (talk) 19:17, 22 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Commonwealth of England


text:
User talk:HowardBerry

Hi! To create a new message for me, just click here. I will reply on your talk page, unless you state otherwise. Archives: 1,2,3,4,5,6

Amnesia test
I'm still reviewing Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/The Elstree Project. One piece of advice I'd recommend for anyone with a WP:COI attempting to write an article is the amnesia test:

 * 1) Forget everything you know about The Elstree Project; act as if you know nothing
 * 2) Go back to your sources and re-read them
 * 3) Think about what information those sources have to offer, and include that information in the article
 * 4) If you find that you can't write about a piece of information you'd like to include because it isn't covered in your sources, then don't include it. We don't want original research.
 * 5) If you find that you can't write barely much of anything at all, then the subject probably isn't notable for Wikipedia.

Just some thoughts. Cheers, Michaelzeng7 (talk) 04:29, 29 January 2014 (UTC)

Your submission at AfC The Elstree Project was accepted
 The Elstree Project, which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created. The article has been assessed as Start-Class, which is recorded on the article's talk page. You may like to take a look at the grading scheme to see how you can improve the article. You are more than welcome to continue making quality contributions to Wikipedia. . Thank you for helping improve Wikipedia! Michaelzeng7 (talk) 16:28, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
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Help me! Citing first party source
Help! I'm trying to cite a source on The Elstree Project, where it states Roger Moore as one of the interviewees. There are no third party sources to verify this, but the Project's website has a behind the scenes photo of their interview with Roger Moore, which proves it to be true. I've looked at WP:SELFSOURCE but feel the guidelines are too open to interpretation.

Howie ☎  00:10, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

 * I'd usually say that if there is no third-party source for a certain fact, that fact likely isn't all that important in the first place. If no one but them bothers to mention that interview, neither should we. Huon (talk) 00:36, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

 * It's been reported in a print newspaper, but not online, so it's hard to prove there's been an article! Howie ☎  00:48, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Citations do not always have to be online; you are allowed to cite print sources. You can use cite news to format it. Some popular newspapers keep an online archive of many of their historic print publications. Although sometimes, you need a subscription to access them. Mz7 (talk) 21:19, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

Talkback
ww2censor (talk) 23:25, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

DYK for The Elstree Project
The DYK project (nominate) 21:03, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

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Thunderbirds (TV series)
Please note in first paragraph of the Thunderbirds (TV series)page someone has placed the following….

“and also stupid and dumd noone should watch it”

This seems to be one person’s opinion and not a general agreement or fact..

Kind Regards Noel — Preceding unsigned comment added by 175.45.114.242 (talk) 03:05, 30 September 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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text:
Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria

Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska Maria of Austria (17 January 1831 – 14 February 1903) was born in Ofen (Buda), Hungary. She was the daughter of Palatine Joseph of Hungary (1776–1847) and his third wife Maria Dorothea of Württemberg (1797–1855).

First marriage
Her first marriage, on 4 October 1847 in Vienna, was to her first cousin once removed Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este (1821–1849), by whom she had one daughter:
 * Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria-Este (1849–1919), wife of King Ludwig III of Bavaria and Jacobite heir to the thrones of England, Ireland, and Scotland.

Second marriage

Her second marriage, on 18 April 1854, in Vienna, was to her first cousin Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria (1818–1874), by whom she had six children:

 * Archduke Franz Joseph of Austria (1855–1855)
 * Archduke Friedrich of Austria, Duke of Teschen (1856–1936)
 * Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria (1858–1929), Queen of Spain, wife of King Alfonso XII of Spain
 * Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria (1860–1933)
 * Archduke Eugen of Austria (1863–1954)
 * Archduchess Maria Eleonora of Austria (1864–1864)

Elisabeth died at her son's palais, the Albertina, Vienna, of pneumonia. She is buried in Baden bei Wien, where there is a street named after her.


text:
Talk:Columbia University tunnels

File:Columbia University Tunnels.png vs. WP:V
I have concerns about the map image. We don't seem to have any real policy for how WP:V applies to images, but it should. If I were to write in the text of the article, "It is rumored that there is a tunnel connecting Low Library to Uris Hall", without a WP:RS, it would be (or at least should be) deleted. Yet, that's exactly what the image says, in graphical form, with no better sourcing than, "Based on the original map by Mike Schiraldi...." in the image legend. It's basically WP:OR. I'm tempted to delete the image. Comments? -- RoySmith (talk) 00:43, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Primefac (talk) 15:23, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Thank you for making the page far less useful. 158.222.138.89 (talk) 01:16, 16 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Columbia University tunnels


text:
User:Stwong~enwiki

I'm Stwong. This is my user page, it seems, and I'm annoyed at it being shown in red.

I'm a computer / music nerd. I do PHP, many variants of BASIC, starting in C, recorder, guitar, and violin. I speak Czech, English, and Spanish (the last is not quite up to par with the former two). Yay. In the event that you want to reach me, AIM or e-mail is the best bet. I'm available on AIM as 'stw0ng', and on e-mail at [mailto:stwong@stwong.net this adress]. Yay.

title: User:Stwong~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Russian Trotter

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. — Trilobite (Talk) 14:16, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Russian Trotter
The articles Sardinian (horse), Salerno (horse), Pleven (horse), and Russian Trotter were all posted within seven minutes of one another. They show remarkable consistency in format, almost as if they had been taken from a book on horses. A Google search for copyvio does not turn up any hits, which shows only that if these are copyvios, they are not from web resources. Denni ☯ 01:58, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)

 * Keep for my reasons stated at Votes for deletion/Salerno (horse). - DS1953 02:12, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I don't see any persuasive reason to delete. --Tabor 02:55, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Appears to be a model article. If you think it is a copyvio the onus is on you to come up with evidence. Then list it in the appropriate place, not here. CalJW 05:24, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It would be good if sources could be provided though. Capitalistroadster 06:49, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep looking suspicious isn't a reason for deletion. -- Lochaber 09:15, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Looks OK to me.  — Chameleon 20:03, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:J. Reuben Clark

11 Jun 2005
By mutual consent, entries on this talk page have been deleted due to the copyright violation related to the original article and a dispute between two editors. Thank you for your understanding. WBardwin 00:57, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Fixing an invocation of godwins law
Hmmm! Interesting. A discussion that starts with an invocation of Godwin's law. Oh goodness.

Okay, here's the deal. Editing wikipedia is a privilege, not a right, so people are well within their rights to censor. Whoa whoa, read on: You see; there's a page history, and every single word and act is kept there. So in practice it's actually impossible to censor. :-P

What is sometimes a good idea though is when people make inflammatory remarks etc. to tone them down a bit. Hey! It's a wiki! Feel free to refactor! The original text is kept in page history, after all.

Just, when you do so, it's always a good idea to mark that some section of text is redacted, so that folks know to actually look in history, if they like. It's the polite thing to do.

So each of you have part of the puzzle, and you're both right in part. How about you cooperate and  ? :-)

Kim Bruning 20:58, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Above is moot anyway - it is a copyvio
In researching this - I found the order and many phrases to be lifted straight from this article: http://www.law2.byu.edu/Law_Society/pdf_Clark_Memorandum/cmF04.pdf
 * see right side of page 4 and left side of page 5

Trödel| talk 12:23, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Good catch. Re: information for rewrite.  The only material I have to hand is D. Michael Quinn's biography of Clark, "J. Reuben Clark:  The Church Years."  It has a great deal of factual material and good references. The bio was written in 1983, while Quinn was still in the church, and so has an LDS bias, but it also contains Quinn's signature "drama" and omniscient speculation.  Would listing the book as a reference cause difficulty for the LDS project as we try to deal with Quinn's other work, i.e. Joseph Smith, Jr.?  Will look for other materials.  WBardwin 16:18, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Apparently I was the one that entered that information. But I don't remember doing it! If you look at the history of edits, there it is, right as I was editing a bunch of Apostle articles to enter them into the system for the first time. I apologize for this and the sooner we remove the copyrighted material, the better. This was part of a talk given by Boyd K. Packer. I sincerely apologize for this. Jgardner 05:27, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Historian Category
Should J. Reuben be placed in the Historians of the Latter Day Saint movement category? He did quite a bit of writing -- but mostly in law, legal precident, U.S. history, some theology and, of course, church administration. Opinions. WBardwin 07:42, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Additional Content
Came upon this page. I have some original unpublished content as well as additional blend of sources on J. Reuben Clark that may help further this piece and fill in some of the stubs--including info on his upbringing and career progression, etc. Will pull together to post in a few days. Krt3388 (talk) 20:58, 5 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Per Wikipedia's Reliable sources guidelines, all sources need be able to be verifiable. Completely unpublished sources cannot be cited as sources. -- 208.81.184.4 (talk) 23:36, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

Am working on this article in pieces. Will upgrade citations and bibliography ASAP. Krt3388 (talk) 18:59, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

Career timeline
The "Career timeline" list is very long; can we pare this back to a more reasonable length? -- 208.81.184.4 (talk) 23:22, 20 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the suggestion. I'll do that now.Krt3388 (talk) 16:49, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

 * It looks much better now. Good work! -- 208.81.184.4 (talk) 17:09, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

Image Attribution
I'm struggling a bit with the attribution of the image I just added, a photograph of J. Reuben Clark taken before 1928. I'd like to know how to appropriately source for a public domain image and share the policy. Can anyone help with that?Krt3388 (talk) 20:10, 8 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Just because it was taken before 1928 doesn't necessarily mean it is in the public domain. Was this particular image actually used in any printed publications? If so, which & when? Who was the photographer? If you can't clearly demonstrate the photo is in the pubic domain, you could try to get permission from the presumed rights holder(s) — see wp:Donating copyrighted materials & wp:Requesting copyright permission. Once you have that, maybe a wp:OTRS submission would be the best way to make sure that the image doesn't get deleted again. -- 208.81.184.4 (talk) 18:35, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

Attitude Toward Minorities Heading
Today I removed the phrase, "...and the sense was that such a mixing of blood would invalidate the white recipient's priesthood status." This phrase was unsourced and speculative, without any certain relationship to J. Reuben Clark. It supposes the attitude of Mormons and Mormon leadership, where there was no absolute agreement on the subject in the church. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Krt3388 (talk • contribs) 21:30, 22 August 2011 (UTC)
 * It is not unsourced—the source is the Needle review of Quinn's book. It can also be cited to Quinn's book itself. The sources are describing Clark's reasoning, not any "official position" of Clark's church. The issue of blood separation in hospitals was never the subject of official LDS Church policy. Good Ol’factory (talk) 22:25, 30 August 2011 (UTC)

The statement "In his 1898 valedictory, Clark spoke of 'the foul sewage of Europe,' a phrase that Quinn interprets as referring to Jews" is inaccurate. Quinn interprets this as a reference to "new immigrants from eastern and southern Europe"--which included Jews to be sure, but also many others. Here is the context:

"Although the United States has always been a land of immigrants, by the 1880s the native-born Americans who descended from North European immigrants had added one further distinction to humanity. The millions of 'new immigrants' after 1870 were 'undesirables' because they were primarily Roman Catholic, Jews, Asians, Slavic East Europeans, or swarthy South Europeans. Even though many Hungarians, Poles, Russians, Bulgarians, Romanians, Balkan Muslims, and Italians were as blue-eyed and blondish as the stereotypical Scandinavian or German, they were regarded as inferior due to their cultural and linguistic differences from even brown-eyed, dark-haired people in the North European countries east of Poland, west of Spain, and north of Italy....

In rural Utah, young Reuben's experience with aliens was limited to Mormon immigrants from northern Europe. He had virtually no personal contact with anyone outside of what he called the 'pure white race.' Still, this LDS youth had the full endowment of racism characteristic of late nineteenth-century America. This included xenophobia, a fear and dislike of people who are different from one's own group, and nativism, a preference for native-born Americans.

His father recorded that the University of Utah audience gave a wild ovation when Reuben's 1898 valedictory talk made the thundering statement: 'America must cease to be the cess-pool into which shall drain the foul sewage of Europe.' This reflected the prevelant [sic] hostility of the native-born of the 1890s toward new immigrants from eastern and southern Europe" (D. Michael Quinn, Elder Statesman: A Biography of J. Reuben Clark [Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2002], 318-319).

To highlight this phrase as an early example of Clark's antisemitism is misleading, since it did not specifically refer to Jews but to European immigrants generally. The next sentence in this section is also inaccurate: "'There is nothing in their history which indicates that the Jewish race have either free-agency or liberty,' Clark argued in reply to a 1941 book on Hitler." The quotation should read: "There is nothing in their history which indicates that the Jewish race loves either free-agency or liberty" (335). Needle got the quote wrong in his review.

I find it troubling that Jeffrey Needle's review of Quinn's book is the main source for this section of the article, rather than the book itself. Quinn does indeed portray Clark as a lifelong anti-Semite, but he provides a context for these beliefs that is missing from Needle's review. Quinn attributes Clark's anti-Jewish bias to his personal experiences while living in New York (325), to his two defeats for a Senate nomination at the hands of a Jewish opponent (325-26), and to his strong anti-Communist views (326-28). Clark's antisemitism should not be overlooked, but neither should it be given undue prominence. Clark's views were probably the norm in the State Department when he served there, and they were unfortunately shared by a significant proportion of his countrymen through at least the 1930s.

Standrew4 (talk) 07:55, 18 March 2012 (UTC)Standrew4

jreubenclark.co source
I'm not sure that the recent additions of citations to the website http://jreubenclark.co/ constitute a reliable source. There's no information on that website about who wrote the text or who is running the website or anything. It is a .co domain name from Colombia, registered in Orem, Utah. With a number of published biographies out there about Clark, surely there are better sources than using this largely anonymous source/site. Good Ol’factory (talk) 04:02, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree, and actually took care of this before I noticed this converstion thread. -- 208.81.184.4 (talk) 20:54, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | October 11, 1934 – October 11, 1934
I think these dates are incorrect as at each dissolution of the 1st Pres Clark resumed his place in the 12 until called into the next 1st Pres as a counselor. It is unusual that he spent his entire time as a member of the 12 in the 1st Pres but that does not mean he was not a member of that quorum the entire time. -- Trödel 17:01, 16 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:J. Reuben Clark


text:
Template:House of Hohenzollern (Prussia)

{|
 * {{documentation|content=

Usage
This template should be called by passing a variable to it for the closest monarch of the House of Hohenzollern (Prussia). For example,  . This calls only the relevant part of the template, as well as getting around the fair use violation that would occur if the arms images were directly on this template.

Variables

 * frederick1 - for Frederick I and his descendants
 * frederickwilliam1 - for Frederick William I and his first-generation descendants
 * frederickwilliam1g - for Frederick William I and his second-generation descendants
 * frederick2 - for Frederick II
 * frederickwilliam2 - for Frederick William II and his first-generation descendants
 * frederickwilliam2g - for Frederick William II and his second and third generation descendants
 * frederickwilliam3 - for Frederick William III and his first-generation descendants
 * frederickwilliam3g - for Frederick William III and his second-generation descendants
 * frederickwilliam3gg - for Frederick William III and his third-generation descendants
 * frederickwilliam3ggg - for Frederick William III and his four and five-generation descendants
 * frederickwilliam4 - for Frederick William IV
 * william1 - for William I and his descendants
 * frederick3 - for Frederick III and his descendants
 * william2 - for William II and his first-descendants
 * william2g - for William II and his second-descendants

}}
 * }


text:
File:AudioAdrenalineLiveBootleg.jpg

Summary
The cover for Audio Adrenaline's album Live Bootleg.

title: File:AudioAdrenalineLiveBootleg.jpg


text:
William Schimmel

William Schimmel (born 1946) is an American musician and composer, who plays the accordion and is a promoter of the philosophy of "Musical Reality" (composition with pre-existing music). He holds Bachelor of Music, Master of Science and Doctor of Musical Arts degrees in composition from the Juilliard School, along with a diploma from the Neupauer Conservatory of Music in performance/composition. He is a major popularizer of the accordion, performs music in many genres, has commissioned and premiered hundreds of new works, has composed over 4000 works in every medium, has written a number of books and articles and has made numerous recordings and videos. He has composed over 4000 works in every medium including opera which have been performed by leading performers, ensembles and conductors including the Late Leopold Stokowski. His music has been featured in a number of films, most notably Scent of a Woman starring Al Pacino, where he appears in the famous Tango Scene with The Tango Project which he is a founding member and television shows.

Awards
He received a Composers' Citation from The American Accordionists' Association in honor of his composition, "The Spring Street Ritual", which was the test piece for the 1979 Coupe Mondiale World Competition. He received The Confédération internationale des accordéonistes Merit Award for his contributions as a composer, performer and philosopher on the international accordion scene. He received a Merit Award from the American Accordionists' Association for his contributions spanning fifty years plus the "Accordionist of the Year" Award in 1988. He received the Keyboard magazine readers' poll award in 1992 as "Best Accordionist". He has served and continues to serve as Artist in Residence of The American Accordionist's where he also serves as Distinguished Lecturer in Residence and member of the Governing Board. National Public Radio called Schimmel the world's greatest accordionist. New Yorker Magazine called him Gotham's Happy Warrior of the Accordion. Accordion Star Illustrated Magazine called him the World's most important accordionist and inducted him into the American Accordion Hall of fame. Schimmel won the Stereo Review Album of the year award, and was nominated for a Grammy award. While at Juilliard, Schimmel was awarded two teaching fellowships and twice awarded the Rodgers and Hammerstein Scholarship in composition. Schimmel is also the recipient of Grants from The American Music Center, International Society for Contemporary Music, Meet the Composer and I-Park.

Performances
He has performed with most major symphony orchestras in the U.S, including The Kirov, has been performing with the New York Philharmonic for 45 years, has a long performing and recording relationship with the Minnesota Orchestra, virtually every chamber group in New York, The Met and City Opera as well as with rock (most notably Tom Waits), jazz (most notably Ted Nash's Odeon and The Jazz at Lincoln Center orchestra), and avant-garde groups (including ICE, Talea, The Absolute Ensemble, North South Consonance, Composers Concordance and The Argento Ensemble). In addition, he has appeared on numerous radio programs as a guest performer and commentator, including New Sounds with John Schaffer and Fresh Air with Terry Gross (as well as Best of Fresh Air) and now co - hosts, with Brian Dewan, his own internet radio show, The Old In and Out, on WS Accordion Radio.

Academic work
Schimmel conducts a yearly three-day Master Class and Concert Series (The Seminars) sponsored by the American Accordionists' Association, dedicated to the exploration and establishment of an accordion culture, which is in its twenty sixth season. He recently curated a six day accordion event, Accordion Mixology, at Lincoln Center in celebration on the acquisition of his archives. He has served on the faculties of numerous colleges including The Juilliard School, Brooklyn College CUNY, Dean of Neupauer Conservatory, New York University, New School University and many others.

He is known as an authority of the music of Kurt Weill and has recorded all of Weill's music which includes the accordion.

Personal life
He is married to dancer, choreographer, director and filmmaker, Micki Goodman. Together they founded the Studio Muse Dance/Music/Theatre Troup and produced concerts in the New York, New Jersey and Philadelphia area. They have collaborated on numerous videos which can be seen on You Tube. They have one son who is a visual artist.

Discography
With Ted Nash a complete listing of his recordings are available on www.billschimmel.com
 * Sidewalk Meeting (Arabesque, 2001)

title: William Schimmel


text:
User talk:Rainchill

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! . If you took these photos, which I assume you did, say so on the image page, and that you release them under whichever copyright you want to release them under. That way nobody will question there being here in the future, SqueakBox 02:00, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Rainchill


text:
Pounce (powder)

Pounce or sand is a fine powder, most often made from powdered cuttlefish bone or sandarac resin, that was used both to dry ink and to sprinkle on a rough writing surface to make it smooth enough for writing. This was especially needed if the paper came "unsized", that is, lacking the thin gelatinous material used to fill the surface of the paper and make it smooth enough for writing with a quill or a steel nib. It was also used to prepare the surface when drafting with Rapidograph pens on mylar, a common drafting medium in the late twentieth century.

History
In the 19th century the pounce pots or sanders often had a shallow dish round the top so that pounce or sand could be returned to the pot and reused. The process is very effective for quickly drying ink, and although blotting paper has been available since the Tudor period, pounce or sand continued to be used throughout the nineteenth century because it was often cheaper.

Handwriting and calligraphy
Pounce is gently sprinkled all over the writing on the paper. When using a quill or a steel nib, and with inks that are made up to match those typically in use during the 18th and 19th centuries, and provided the pen has been used with the fine strokes typical of handwriting of that period, the handwriting will be sufficiently dry within 10 seconds to allow the paper to be folded without blotting. Gently vibrating the paper whilst the pounce or sand is on it ensures that little or no pounce or sand sticks to the handwriting and excess sand or pounce is shaken off before folding the paper.

Art and embroidery
"Pricking and pouncing" is a transfer technique that uses a stencil with fine holes, often made by pricking a template using a pounce wheel, to which a fine powder that contrasts with the fabric, the pounce, is dusted over, giving a temporary pattern through use of the stencil. Chambray would use charcoal on the light side, and chalk on the dark side of the fabric.

title: Pounce (powder)


text:
User:Mjcreagh

Michael Creagh, American Fashion Photographer

Hooking into a young, fast, urban style, Michael Creagh's vivid color and punched up black and white images span the spectrum from hot and energetic to moody and voyeuristic. Based in New York City, his quirky stlye and offbeat angles and lighting have been featured in a new breed of international fashion, music and lifestyle publications (Neo2, Metropop, Warner Bros Music, Sony Music and MTV).

External link to offical website

Source: Weinfeldberg, Adrienne (December 2003). "Who's shooting now". Retail Ad World Magazine, pp. 38-39.

see also list of photographers

title: User:Mjcreagh


text:
User:Oska/Contribution diary, June 2005

23 edits in June including:
 * 1 minor edit
 * 10 user area edits

 * Did some voting on Featured picture candidates
 * Moved the example recipe I added to the Kinpira article over to the Wikimedia cookbook as Carrots cooked kinpira style.
 * Brought this contribution diary up to date by completing summaries for Dec. 2004 – May 2005.

title: User:Oska/Contribution diary, June 2005


text:
Live Bootleg (Audio Adrenaline album)

Live Bootleg is the first live album by American Christian rock band Audio Adrenaline, released on ForeFront Records on October 10, 1995. It contains live recordings of songs from the band's self-titled 1992 debut album and Don't Censor Me (1993), as well as an intro and a cover of "If You're Happy and You Know It". The album was recorded at concerts in Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Washington in autumn 1994.

Reception
Live Bootleg received mixed reviews from critics. Most of them recommended it only to established fans of the band. David Denis, of Jesus Freak Hideout, gave the album 2.5 stars out of 5, writing that the album "does not hold up against their studio work. Most of the time, it feels underproduced, which in a way, constitutes the 'bootleg' feel of the album." John DiBiase, on the other hand, writes that the album "captures their live energy pretty well with its raw production and intimate presentation".

Personnel
Audio Adrenaline
 * Mark Stuart – lead vocals
 * Bob Herdman – keyboards, vocals
 * Will McGinniss – bass guitar, vocals
 * Barry Blair – lead guitars, vocals

Additional musician
 * Brian Hayes – drums

Production
 * Audio Adrenaline – production
 * Chris Michaelessi – engineering
 * Louis Deluca – photography
 * Chuck Hargett, Kerri Stuart – art

title: Live Bootleg (Audio Adrenaline album)


text:
Talk:Anunaasika

NOT a breve
that is NOT a breve...it looks like what a breve would look like in Roman script but Sanskrit uses Devnagari

Vote for merger
I vote for their merger. --Soumyasch 15:50, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Don't merge, reqwrite this article to refer to the sound instead of the character. The character is chandrabindu, anunasika is the sound modification produced by that character. Loom91 11:02, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Don't merge because Anunāsika and Candrabindu are the same thing. Anusvāra is another character. Here, a little additional information:

The letter "m" is pronounced by closing the mouth so that the sound ends in the lips. Anusvāra is like "m" (closed mouth) but the sound ends in the nose. In turn, Anunāsika is like "m" but the mouth remains open and the sound goes up to the crown of the head. This is the difference between those three letters. OK, you ask for help and you got it. As I am a Sanskrit scholar with years of living in Sanskrit, please, trust me because I cannot see a way to prove my words here (I am new to Wikipedia, sorry).

title: Talk:Anunaasika


text:
Talk:Schwarz–Christoffel mapping

Title
What is the correct spelling and why is this called a theorem? The interesting part is the formula for the mapping; once you have this, the proof is obvious. The PlanetMath article is Schwarz-Christoffel transformation, the MathWorld article is Schwarz-Christoffel mapping, and Google gives 32 results for "Schwarz-Christoffel theorem", about 1300 for "Schwarz-Christoffel mapping", 8 for "Schwarz-Christoffel function", 748 for "Schwarz-Christoffel transformation" and 6, 18, 0, 184. Furthermore, there is a book Schwarz-Christoffel mapping stating on page 17 that it is named after Elwin Bruno Christoffel and Hermann Amandus Schwarz. Hence, I'm inclined to move the article to Schwarz-Christoffel mapping. -- Jitse Niesen 02:03, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I would agree with that. Oleg Alexandrov 03:32, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * seconded (although I must confess to being a little intimidated by folk to whom the proof is "obvious" ;-)

Robinh 07:10, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

You are right, I shouldn't have written that the proof is obvious, especially since I didn't actually try to prove it. I didn't mean that the proof is easy, only that it seems straightforward. -- Jitse Niesen 09:23, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I now moved the page. -- Jitse Niesen 11:24, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Z vs zeta
I'm confused. Looks like the sense of z and zeta are inverted between the main text and the example. I don't have time to try to fix this right now. Help!? (I may have contributed to the confusion by trying to tweak the intro, which was not self-consistent; revert my last edit if it will help restore order. However, the values a,b,c are on the number line and not on the polygon, and they are traditionally ordered via right-hand rule to be same order as polygon). I'm confused, as also the formula in the defn. looks like its for the unit disk and not the half-plane. They're almost the same but not quite. linas 14:36, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, you're right. I don't have access to any books, but I tried to fix it. Any better now? -- Jitse Niesen 17:27, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes I think so. I did not check my disk vs. half-plane concern yet, though. linas 23:54, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The first example is quite easy to go through by hand. The result (the function arccosh) maps indeed the half-plane to the semi-infinite strip, since the inverse ζ = cosh z = cos iz maps the infinite strip to the whole complex plane and semi-infinite strip to the half-plane (I cannot see the last statement immediately myself, but I guess it is obvious once you think about it; besides, you seem to have more experience with special functions). -- Jitse Niesen 13:32, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

J-invariant
Robinh, I know you know what the J-invariant is, since you've worked that article. There is some mapping that takes upper half-plane to the fundamental domain, its some hypergeometric series, its effectively the inverse of the J-invariant. Do you have a good reference on this? Note the fundamental domain is the like the semi-infinte strip given in the example, except that the bottom edge is a semi-circle. What I'm really trying to find an expression for the derivative jacobean thingy $$(dj/d\tau)\circ j^{-1}$$; haven't seen that anywhere? Errr, wait, I'm confused by something and it suddenly strikes me that maybe its real simple ... linas 14:49, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * See below, I may be confusing this with Schwarz map! linas 23:54, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * No, I'm not. And I found an OK ref. Ah, the magic of google. linas 00:15, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Schwarz map
It seems I have also confused this with another thing called the "Schwarz map", which is a ratio of hypergeometric functions. Its not clear to me if these things are somehow related, or just accidentally share a name. The shwarz map seems to be similar, except that the polygon seems to always (??) be a triangle (??) and the sides are semi-circles, (??) not straight lines (??). Any clue here? linas 23:54, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The schwarz s-map does seem to be a hyperbolic-triangle version of the shwarz-christoffel map. I found a good reference at

 * Mark Harmer, Gaven Martin, Conformal mappings of the upper half plane to fundamental domains on the hyperbolic plane (2003)

 * H. Shiga and J. Wolfart Algebraic values of triangle Schwarz functions (Nov. 2004)

 * which seems to cover part of what I wanted. linas 00:15, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The second example
Can somebody explain the second example to me? I cannot find the given result. In fact, when I try to do the integral, I substitute $$ z = x^2 - 1 $$, and I find
 * $$ \int_0^\zeta \frac {dz}{\sqrt{z(z^2-1)}} = \int_0^{\sqrt{\zeta+1}} \frac{2x\,dx}{\sqrt{(x^2-1)(x^4-2x^2)}} = \int_0^{\sqrt{\zeta+1}} \frac{2\,dx}{\sqrt{(1-x^2)(2-x^2)}} = \sqrt{2} \, F \left( \sqrt{\zeta+1}; \frac12\sqrt2 \right), $$

where F is the incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind. Maple gives the same result. This is close to the result in the article, but not quite the same, as far as I can see. Jitse Niesen 14:33, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hi Jitse. You're absolutely correct. My algebra isn't what it used to be. Article now changed.

best wishes

Robinh 14:54, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

New Developments
I found a page on StumbleUpon with a URL of http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-03/icl-1yo030308.php

Will these revisions be added into the formulas?

71.83.47.129 (talk) 04:11, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I replaced the link with what I consider to be a better reference (I don't like press releases). In principle, there is nothing against adding these new results. However, the article has first to be expanded with other results that are not mentioned yet before we can talk about the new work on multiple connected domains. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 11:48, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

Error in Article
The Schwarz-Christoffel transformation is not conformal at locations corresponding to the vertices of the polygon. Commutator (talk) 04:16, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

I changed the first few lines, since they where mathematically wrong:

The SCT doesn't map the upper half-plane confromally to a polygon, since such a mapping cannot map real numbers conformal the the vertices of the polygon. Also, a polygon is defined as a set of lines and point, and not as a set. Better would be: the SCT maps the upper half-plane conformally to a open connected set which has a boundary in the shape of a polygon, in addition this SCT maps the real numbers continious onto this polygon....

It can be more readible...

 * Also, a mapping which maps the open unit circle to a open set which is the inside of a polygon is also considered as a SCT. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Whendrik (talk • contribs) 12:26, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

Example
The evaluation of the integral in the first example is false. The correct integral should be Ln[ζ+sqrt(ζ2-1)] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.208.251.21 (talk) 13:58, 29 July 2013 (UTC) I retract this correction. The above formula is equal to arccosh(ζ) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.208.251.21 (talk) 14:40, 30 July 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Schwarz–Christoffel mapping


text:
File:AudioAdrenalineBloom.jpg

Summary
The cover for Audio Adrenaline's album Bloom.

title: File:AudioAdrenalineBloom.jpg


text:
Talk:Porter Mountain

Assessment comment
Substituted at 03:16, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Porter Mountain


text: Category:Business stubs

title: Category:Business stubs


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/BC Rail

BC Rail (formerly titled British Columbia Railway)
Self-nom. I've been working on this article for a while and it's spent a few weeks on peer review. I think it's ready for FAC now. JYolkowski // talk 02:05, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Comment it looks great but I am wondering about the name. Don't most people know it as simply BC Rail, and wasn't this the name it itself used? Also the table at the bottom seems to have a lot of whitespace making it much larger than it needs to be. - SimonP 02:59, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've removed some whitespace from Template:Canada class 2. As for the name, the railway operations were known as "British Columbia Railway" from 1972 to 1984 and as "BC Rail" between 1984 and 2004.  Since the only reason I wrote the article at "British Columbia Railway" was because that's where it was when I got here, there's probably some advantage to moving it to BC Rail.  If anyone else has related feedback, that would be appreciated.  JYolkowski // talk 23:17, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I've also moved the article to BC Rail now. JYolkowski // talk 20:54, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. I've added a few photos and done some minor text edits to it.  Another fine article on a Canadian railroad.  slambo 03:07, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. Wow, impressive article! Just a couple of comments. (1) The first sentence is so full of symbols that it's almost impossible to read. In general, the article could make more of an effort to grab a reader who isn't a fanatical train buff. (2) Some of the photos are very dark, and need to be brightened a lot in Gimp or Photoshop, e.g., in the one captioned "The Whistler Northwind," I can't even see what it's a picture of.--Bcrowell 04:05, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The photos of the electrics being dismantled and of the centerbeam flat car are ones that I created, so I've got the originals. I'll see what I can do with them tonight in Gimp. slambo 15:25, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, that wasn't quite as difficult as I feared. I've lightened and re-uploaded the three photos that I created. slambo 22:20, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've brightened up the two that I thought were way too dark.--Bcrowell 02:03, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the support and the feedback. The abbreviations and reporting marks stuff is pretty standard for railway articles but I'll see what I can do.  I'll also see about a better Whistler Northwind picture.  JYolkowski // talk 23:17, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I've attempted to rewrite the lead paragraph to retain all of the previous information while trying to space out the terminology a bit. Is that any better?  JYolkowski // talk 20:54, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks nice!--Bcrowell 02:03, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support- in-depth article written with no bias, excellent! Flcelloguy 02:49, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. A very thorough and readable article. --Theo (Talk) 16:46, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - should be moved back to British Columbia Railway.  "BC Something" articles should be expanded to "British Columbia Something" per Naming conventions (acronyms) (cf British Columbia Liberal Party, British Columbia Lions despite being commonly known as the BC Liberal Party and BC Lions respectively); and BC Rail went by its full name for nearly as long as the abbreviation anyway.


text:
Universe of Energy

The Universe of Energy was a pavilion on the eastern side of Future World at Epcot, a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida. One of Epcot's opening day attractions in 1982, it explored the world of energy through four large-format film presentations and a slow-moving dark ride through a jungle diorama filled with audio-animatronic dinosaurs. In 1996, it was updated as Ellen's Energy Adventure, starring Ellen DeGeneres and Bill Nye.

The Universe of Energy pavilion was first sponsored by ExxonMobil (formerly Exxon) from 1982 through 2004. After years of dwindling popularity, it closed permanently on August 13, 2017 and was replaced with Guardians of the Galaxy: Cosmic Rewind, which reused its show building.

Universe of Energy (1982–1996)
The original Universe of Energy pavilion was itself an innovation in energy technology, as its roof was covered with 80,000 photovoltaic solar cells that partially powered the ride vehicles. Visitors were transported through the pavilion in large battery-powered "traveling theatre cars" that followed guide-wires embedded in the floor, rather than riding along conventional ride tracks. The attraction featured numerous films on the subject of energy, and a ride through a primeval diorama with audio-animatronic dinosaurs.

Pre-show
The original pre-show had an eight-minute live-action film about the various forms of energy found in nature, and traced the history of how mankind had harnessed these energy forms. Known as the Kinetic Mosaic, the film was designed by Czech film director Emil Radok. The mosaic screen consisted of 100 rotating prism-shaped flip screens (reminiscent of those on the classic game show Concentration), arranged in a 25 by four array. The flip screens rotated under computer control and were synchronized to the film projected onto their surfaces by five synchronized projectors. Each flip screen had three sides, with white projection surfaces on two sides and a matte black surface on the third. The combination of the film and the screens' rotation created undulating, sometimes 3D-appearing images. At the pre-show's conclusion, the song Energy (You Make The World Go ‘Round) was played.

Theatre one film
On entering the theatre, guests were seated in one of six sections. The seating area rotated 180 degrees to face three large movie screens for the first film: a four-minute traditionally-animated film that depicted the beginnings of life on earth and the formation of fossil fuels.

Primeval Diorama
At the conclusion of the film, the seating area rotated 90 degrees to face a curtain, which lifted to reveal a primeval diorama. The entire seating area moved into the diorama, breaking into six multi-passenger vehicles that took guests on a seven-minute journey populated by numerous animatronic dinosaurs, including a fight between an Edaphosaurus and two Arthropleura; a family of Brontosaurus in a swamp (with realistic "swampy" smell); a Stegosaurus fighting an Allosaurus on an overhead cliff; several Trachodon bathing beneath a waterfall; a number of Ornithomimus watching helplessly as one of their own sank into a boiling tar pit; an Elasmosaurus that lashed out of a tidal pool at guests; and numerous Pteranodon perched on top of an erupting volcano with flowing lava and a realistic "volcano" smell. More animals could be seen in the jungle, including giant dragonflies and snails.

Theatre II film
Leaving the diorama, the vehicles entered the EPCOT Energy Information Center, where they reassembled into their original theatre seating formation. Here, guests viewed a 12-minute live-action film, on three giant wrap-around screens, that took them on an in-depth look at current and future energy resources around the world.

Theatre I finale film
At the film's conclusion, the screens raised and the entire seating area traveled into Theatre I and rotated back into its starting position, facing the audience towards a large cylindrical screen. There, guests viewed a final two-minute computer-animated film that was reflected off of mirrored walls in the theatre. It depicted an ever-evolving landscape of colorful, laser-like imagery of the various ways mankind has benefited from harnessing energy, accompanied by an upbeat song titled Universe of Energy.

Summer 1996 version
The summer of 1996 saw many changes come to Future World East. World of Motion had closed in January in preparation for its conversion into Test Track, and Horizons was not operating consistently due to alleged structural issues with the pavilion. Universe of Energy was set to reopen in June after a five month refurbishment, but this was delayed due to filming troubles. This meant that Future World East would only have the Wonders of Life pavilion open for the peak summer season. To address the issue, Epcot made the decision to temporarily reopen the Universe of Energy while the remodel was in progress.

This temporary version of the show featured the original 1982 films, but most of the effects were completely disabled. Most notably, the Kinetic Mosaic screen from the original pre-show had been removed resulting in the film being projected onto static screens, losing the shape-shifting effect of the film. Also removed were the maps and television monitors on the wall in the Epcot Energy Information Center in Theatre II, having already been replaced by the KNRG radio tower backdrop for the new show. For this scene, a new narration played that covered much of the same information as the original narration minus any mention of the maps and monitors. In Theatre I, the mirrors on the walls had already been removed by this point, resulting in a much less dramatic version of the finale film.

During this period, some elements for the new show had already been installed and had to be hidden. This included the Audio-Animatronic figure of Ellen DeGeneres in the diorama. Temporary rockwork was placed in front of the figure to hide it from view. However, the elasmosaurus figure had already been reprogrammed for the new show, leading to the awkward result of having it lunge at rocks instead of the ride vehicles as it had originally done. There were several other changes being made to the diorama. The dinosaurs were repainted and a new soundtrack was added. One of the brontosaurus animatronics could now have the ability to sneeze water. Several effects were turned off, including the storm and swamp smell. The lava flow was changed to running water and the fog effects inside the volcano were changed to mist and flashing lights.

This version of the show ran from June 14 to September 2, 1996. The pavilion was closed again for two weeks to add the new films for the new version of the attraction.

Ellen's Energy Adventure (1996–2017)
Ellen's Energy Adventure starred Ellen DeGeneres, Bill Nye "The Science Guy", Jamie Lee Curtis, Alex Trebek, and Johnny Gilbert. It took a lighthearted look at various energy resources, how energy was produced, the history of energy production, and the search for new energy resources. It focused on the origins of fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal and natural gas, and described renewable sources such as solar and hydroelectric power. In 2011, Ellen's Energy Adventure surpassed the original Universe of Energy show as the longest version of the attraction.

The second version of the show reused the traveling theater system of the original Universe of Energy show. The primeval diorama used essentially the same sets and Audio-Animatronic dinosaurs as the original show, although during the renovation to the Ellen's Energy Adventure show, the dinosaurs were repainted in much brighter colors. Several animatronic figures were added, along with an upbeat musical score to help connect it with the new film footage.

Pre-show theatre film
In the eight-minute pre-show film, Ellen DeGeneres greets the guests and welcomes them to the Universe of Energy. She is watching television in the living room of her apartment complex when her neighbor Bill Nye the Science Guy enters. She falls asleep and dreams that she was in an energy-themed version of Jeopardy!, playing against her college rival Judy Peterson (Curtis) and Albert Einstein (Benny Wasserman). Not knowing anything about energy, she fell way behind Judy. At the end of the first round, Bill Nye steps in and offers to help teach Ellen about energy during the commercial break. She has trouble answering the questions, so Bill Nye requests her to go back. While she tells him to go backstage, he tells her that they are actually going way back, many billions of years.

Theatre I film
Upon entering the theatre, guests are seated in one of six sections. The seating area rotates 180 degrees to the right as guests face three large movie screens above the exit doors for the first part of the film: a five-minute CGI live-action film in which Bill takes Ellen back billions of years in time to witness the Big Bang and the formation of the Earth. They put on their headphones and close the door. Following a big explosion, the screens show a Milky Way galaxy, the Solar System, a volcanic biome and rocky terrain. Finally, the pair end up in a prehistoric jungle and Bill looks at his watch saying that they are set 220 million years in the past. There, he explains how fossil fuels are formed. Ellen tells the guests that they would be going with him but hears a Dinosaur roar and tries to catch up. During this time, the seating area rotates 90 degrees to the left as guests face a curtain. After Ellen talks about a dinosaur brain size a one of them appears offscreen. As Ellen escapes, another dinosaur roar can be heard as the screen shakes.

Primeval diorama
At the conclusion of the film, the curtain rises to reveal the primeval diorama. The entire seating area moves into the diorama where it then breaks apart into six multi-passenger vehicles that takes guests on a seven-minute journey through the diorama, which is populated by numerous audio-animatronic dinosaurs including two Edaphosaurus, two Arthropleura fighting and a family of Brontosaurus in a swamp (one of whom sneezes water from its nose onto guests), a Stegosaurus fighting an Allosaurus on an overhead cliff, three Trachodon bathing beneath a waterfall, a number of Ornithomimus drinking from a pond (one of whom splashes water at guests), an Audio-Animatronic Ellen standing near a tidal pool fighting off an Elasmosaurus with a tree branch, and several Pteranodon perched around an erupting volcano. After November 2014, the Audio-Animatronic figure of Ellen fighting off the Elasmosaurus with a tree branch stopped working and was removed. It was replaced with a group of smaller Pteranodons.

Theatre II film
Leaving the diorama, the vehicles enter a second theatre where they reassemble back into their original theatre seating formation. After listening to a brief prehistoric broadcast from KNRG News Radio (which featured the voices of Willard Scott and Chris Berman), guests view a fourteen-minute live-action film on three giant wrap around screens in which Bill Nye takes Ellen on an in-depth look at various current and future energy resources across the United States. (Actor Michael Richards makes a brief cameo as a caveman). Ellen uses her new knowledge about energy upon returning to the Jeopardy! Studio. The game continues as a Double Jeopardy! round. Albert Einstein receives a light bulb and exits the game as he has no money at the end of the round, while Ellen and Judy are tied at $17,800.

Theatre I finale
When the vehicles return to Theater I and rotate back to their starting position, guests view a final three-minute scene in which the ladies compete in the Final Jeopardy! round. Asked what type of energy will never run out, Judy erroniously claims that no energy will never run out, while Ellen correctly responds that brain power will never run out. Since both had bet everything, Judy ends up with $0, while Ellen becomes the Jeopardy! champion with a score of $35,600. Bill Nye and the studio employees have a party with her while balloons and confetti fall down. Ellen then finishes her story and tells guests to look out for the dinosaur. As she says goodbye to the guests, a dinosaur roar can be heard and the ride concludes.

Closure of the attraction
The ride's last day of operation was on August 13, 2017. Ironically, on the very last ride of the attraction, one of the ride vehicles ran out of battery mid-ride.

Timeline

 * October 1, 1982 — The pavilion opens with the original Universe of Energy show.
 * November 1995 — Disney announces that the original Universe of Energy will undergo a makeover.
 * January 21, 1996 — The original Universe of Energy show and pavilion are closed for refurbishment.
 * April 1996 — Disney announces that the Universe of Energy remodel will be delayed.
 * June 14, 1996 — The fully refurbished pavilion temporarily reopens in an effort to help handle the park's busy summer crowds. The original films from the original Universe of Energy show are used during this time while the new films with Bill Nye and Ellen DeGeneres are being completed.
 * September 2, 1996 — The pavilion closes and the new films are installed.
 * September 15, 1996 — The pavilion re-opens with a new show entitled Ellen's Energy Crisis, but for reasons unknown, is immediately renamed Ellen's Energy Adventure.
 * 2001 — The original Universe of Energy marquees at the entrance of the pavilion are replaced with all new signage to reflect the sponsor's new name, ExxonMobil.
 * 2004 — ExxonMobil drops its 22-year sponsorship of the pavilion, and all references to the company are removed from the signage and show.
 * 2008 — The pavilion closes for an extensive refurbishment. During this time, numerous scenes within the diorama are refreshed, the audio systems are upgraded and the computer systems that operate the attraction are updated. Additionally, the exterior of the pavilion is repainted back to its original 1982 color scheme of reds, oranges and yellows (during the 1996 refurbishment, the exterior of the pavilion was repainted into a pastel rainbow color scheme) and the traveling theatre vehicles are repainted from their original purple color into a light blue color.
 * March 28, 2009 — The pavilion re-opens after a lengthy refurbishment.
 * July 15, 2017 — Disney confirms that the Universe of Energy pavilion will close and be replaced by a Guardians of the Galaxy themed attraction.
 * August 13, 2017 — The Universe of Energy pavilion has its last day of operation. During the final show, the attraction broke down, forcing guests to evacuate mid-show. While cast members initially reassured guests they would get to re-ride and somewhat allowed guests to linger in the primeval diorama during the ride evacuation and take photos with the dinosaurs, due to the complexity of the breakdown they were not able to re-ride.

title: Universe of Energy


text: Talk:Algonquin Peak

title: Talk:Algonquin Peak


text:
User talk:R S Tsuchiya

Welcome to wikipedia Steve. I noticed you've added considerably to the America's Cup page. Good to see someone adding to the historical section. I've only really been following it since New Zealand became involved so it's interesting to hear more about the New York tenure and so on. Look forward to reading more about it! Lisiate 02:08, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * No worries. Interesting how you heard of wikipedia, the Wikipedia_in_books page doesn't mention Friedman's book. Perhaps you should add it there as well? Lisiate 02:40, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

International Americas Cup Class
Currently the International Americas Cup Class article is just a redirect back to America's Cup. I was wondering if you agree with me that the class should have its own article, similar to the J-class yacht or 12-metre class articles. Especially considering that there are IACC reggatas that are separate from the AC. What do you think? If you wish, you may respond at Talk:America's Cup. --rogerd 16:53, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, I did it. Please add whatever info you may have to it.  --rogerd 23:03, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Redirect
Redirects are made like this:
 * 1) redirect William Fife HeartofaDog (talk) 00:54, 3 December 2007 (UTC)
 * No problem! HeartofaDog (talk) 01:08, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use File:Cowan Lake Thistle Regatta 2012.jpg
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 * 1) Go to the file description page and add the text   below the original replaceable fair use template, replacing   with a short explanation of why the file is not replaceable.
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Cowan Lake Sailing Association Burgee.gif
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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 11:21, 22 November 2016 (UTC)

Reference errors on 21 January
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Thanks. I corrected the article's link. R S Tsuchiya (talk) 01:41, 15 June 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:R S Tsuchiya


text:
User talk:Mjcreagh

Thank you for creating the article Michael Creagh. However, it is inappropriate for you to write an article about yourself and thus I have moved the content to your user page which is located at User:Mjcreagh. Please see Autobiography for more information. Thanks. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 02:06, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mjcreagh


text:
Environment Hawaii

For the Wikipedia article concerning Hawaii's environment, see Environment of Hawaii

Environment Hawaii is a monthly newsletter published in Hilo, Hawaii. It focuses on investigative reporting about Hawaii's environment. The newsletter made its debut in July 1990, co-founded by Andria Benner, Patricia Tummons, and Marjorie Ziegler.

title: Environment Hawaii