text:
User talk:Uthar Wynn 01

Archive 1

Mediator request
You're not invited to the Mediation on the Terry Schiavo article. It's not a "sign-up" thing. Please avoid editing there. You are welcome at talk:Terry Schiavo, though.

Uncle Ed of the Mediation Committee, 00:41, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * You seem to think that merely because you're an admin you have total leave to tell everyone what they should or should not do and where they can or cannot post, and that you have the right to generally just do as you please and be as discourteous as you like to anyone who doesn't want to play your games. I haven't violated any official wikipedia policy, if I'm raining on your parade by participating in Mediation, that's just too bad.  --Uthar Wynn 01 01:03, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

And by the way, you're not invited to my Talk Page. It's not a "sign-up" thing. Please avoid editing here. --Uthar Wynn 01 01:03, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Are you slimvirgin-ing Uncle Ed? If so, please be less arrogant. 4.250.132.22 12:20, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Behave
You wrote: "rv, mikkalai stop being an immature dick". Behave yourself! You know better. (P.S. Read Duckecho's personal page and its discussion page. I knew the Gordan was a XXXXX but I had no idea!  4.250.132.22 12:20, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, mikkalai is an immature dick. I'm not going to apologize for accurately describing the absolute worst wikipedia admin I can think of.

 * And as far as Gordon is concerned, he can go f**k himself. I've had it with the Terri Schaivo article - when delusional, arrogant whackos like Gordon are given the same degree of respect as people like Duckecho, nothing will ever get done. The Terri Schaivo mediation is a joke (ineffective), perhaps there would be some chance of coming to some sort of compromise if they IP banned Gordon's ass so he couldn't participate, but no, its going to go on forever because of one lunatic with an agenda.  Uncle Ed is a ineffective time-waster who couldn't resolve the Schaivo conflict if his life depended on it, he's a total fraud and I won't apologize for insulting him either.  --Uthar Wynn 01 16:31, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * You'll have to try harder than that, if you want to offend me! See User talk:Ed Poor/ways to offend me. Uncle Ed 14:51, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * I read the "ways to offend you", and I read the whole sam spade policy enforcement thing, and I really don't get it. I didn't research spade's edits that extensively, but I read the relevant sections of the talk page on the emo article + etc.  I don't mean to be rude, but it seemed as if you were the one out of line, but as I said I didn't research his edits that well.  Please explain how the offend me page saying "Be me" is related, I'm just not getting it.  --Uthar Wynn 01 04:18, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

No, I'm not "slim-virgining" Ed, when Fuel invited me to join in an RFC on SlimVirgin, I declined. Some people may disagree, but I think slimvirgin is a decent, well-intentioned, basically rational admin who may not be perfect, but is certainly not the power-mad, abusive person people have potrayed her as. Even though we are on opposite "sides" of the Schaivo dispute, I don't have anything against her personally.

I don't really think Uncle Ed has bad intentions either, but he's a total joke and he's just wasting everybody's time. Even though he probably doesn't realize it, all he does on the Schaivo Mediation is play pointless little games that never accomplish anything and only keep the conflict going. Until obnoxious nut jobs like Gordon are taken out of the picture, the Mediation is completely pointless and FuelWagon is wasting his time and energy participating in it - he's not going to get anywhere (Ed will see to that). It won't matter how many good points he makes, whatever compromises he offers, Gordon and his buddies are not going to rest until the Schaivo article is full of half-baked lies and POV distortions. --Uthar Wynn 01 16:44, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Uthar, take this as from someone who knows: do not let another editor's behaviour, no matter how attrocious it is, get you banned. A phyrric victory is no victory. You're job as an individual editor is to bring your individual opinion to an article as to what will make it better. If you let the opinion of another editor, no matter how moronic, get you banned, then you are not doing your job. If enough clear thinking editors work on an article together, they should be able to come to a version that represents the truth of the matter, despite the best efforts of the POV pushers. You will have to decide if it is more important that wikipedia articles represent the truth and you swallow a bit of your pride or if you allow your emotions to win out and wikipedia to lose because the POV pushers win. These are your choices. There are no alternatives. Wikipedia's dispute resolution system makes it easy to spot people who curse and ban them, but it is difficult to establish something more subjective like the intentional insertion of a bad/POV edit. If you want to fight bad edits, you will have to find a way to vent without breaking the personal attack rules. Otherwise, if someone pushes a POV edit into an article, and you swear at them, then they can report you for swearing and you'll get blocked, and you'll report them for POV editing, and nothing much of consequence will be done. These are you choices: stop your personal attacks or let polite POV pushers win. choose.

FuelWagon 18:33, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I am in total agreement with everything you've just said, with one exception: I don't agree that there are "no alternatives". There is, in fact, one other option, and it is the one I have chosen.  I have ceased to edit the Schaivo article and in the future I do not plan to give much input regarding it - any satisfaction I may get in contributing to it will likely be far outweighed by frustration and anger caused by Gordon's ridiculous lies and asinine distortions.  I admire your tireless efforts to improve the article and to ensure that the truth triumphs over all the POV bullsh1+, but unfortunately I do not possess the same persistence.

 * Regardless, I would be of limited value. I am fairly adept at debating various points of an article (in most situations), but when faced with someone like Gordon there is nothing, really, that I can do.  When I am confronted with lies obviously ridiculous to any rational person, all I can do is state the truth and expose the falsity of the other person's statements, and I do not believe that any arguments I might make could persuade Gordon (and by extension, his supporters) to come to grips with reality.

 * I hope this doesn't seem like a cop-out, although to be honest I suppose it is. For it, I give you my sincere apologies.  --Uthar Wynn 01 03:15, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

PETA
Hi Uthar, could you say why you changed "terrorist threat" to "terrorist organization," when I think the source says the former? Or did I misread the reference? SlimVirgin (talk) 18:41, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * Both phrasings are used in the source, the "terrorist organization" one is extracted from another sentence. The DHS guy uses the phrase "that doesn’t de-emphasize our interest in *other* domestic terror groups" right after talking about the ALF/ELF which definitely means that they consider ALF/ELF to be "domestic terror groups" aka "terrorist organizations".  It's an indirect quote, but the implication is unquestionable.

 * So yeah. It's kind of convoluted. Which phrasing to use is really a matter of choice, both phrasings (the previous one and mine) are, literally speaking, accurate to the source, I chose "classified as terrorist organizations" because "described as terrorist threats" could imply that ALF/ELF aren't groups organized for the express purpose of carrying out terrorist activities (contrary to the DHS view I mean, i'm trying to stay true to the DHS meaning), and/or that it's just a description from a certain DHS person, as opposed to official DHS policy. I think the "terrorist threats" phrasing has too mild a connotation when compared to the implication of the DHS, that these are "terrorist groups" and their members are "terrorists".

 * To sum it up, I changed the phrasing because while the "terrorist threats" phrasing is literally accurate to the source, I think the "terrorist organizations" phrasing is both literally accurate and more accurate to the tone of the source.

 * Hi Uthar, thanks for the explanation. I didn't realize that he talked about "other terror groups" right after talking about the ALF, so what you say makes sense. I'd still prefer to use "terrorist threat," however, because it's in quotation marks, and that's the DHS official position so far as I can tell. My other concern is that the FBI acknowledges that the ALF sticks to its non-violent policy in the U.S., and yet wants to classify them as terrorist threats, which makes no sense to me, given that all the definitions of terrorism in use that I'm aware of involve deliberate violence against civilians. It's because of discrepancies like this that I'm keen to stick to quotes and citations from reputable sources when referring to these groups as "terrorist." Let me know if that's okay with you. Cheers, SlimVirgin (talk) 02:16, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Using the "terrorist threat" phrasing would be just fine, as I said before, both are accurate to the source and I do understand why you want to use that one.

 * As far as the ALF is concerned, attacks on personal property designed to intimidate others in to not owning/using/working at/going to said property (be it a home, an SUV, a research lab, McDonalds, whatever) are attacks against civilians (not against their person, but still against them) designed to cause fear, fear of using or owning something or someplace that ALF opposes. These "deliberate attacks on civilians that are meant to instill fear" fit the definition of terrorism in my opinion.  Not the kind of terrorism that springs to mind when the word is used, but terrorism nevertheless.

 * It also depends on how you define "violence". Violence could be used to mean specifically physical harm to a person's body or it could be used in a broader sense.  I would find it misleading, for example, to describe a rioting mob which is breaking through shop windows, pillaging, looting, and torching homes and businesses, as "non-violent" (assuming in the example that they did not physically harm anyone).

 * Also, I believe eco-radicals (I know its a neologism, but I couldnt find a better word) have been responsible for physical assault on scientists working in animal-testing laboratories. I am sure I read somewhere about a scientist who had his knees broken with a baseball bat by radicals, but I couldn't give you a source for that.  Same thing with threats against animal-testing scientist's families.  This was in a "mainstream" publication, but it was years ago and I haven't the slightest idea where I read it.  ALF and ELF aren't really very organized groups, really anyone can go do something and say its for the ALF or ELF - Al-Qaida has become increasingly the same way, becoming more of a "brand" than an "organization".  I don't think these attackers claimed to be working in the name of ALF or ELF, but they certainly agreed with the causes of ALF/ELF and might have considered themselves members of the movements.

 * I know "terrorism" and "terrorist" are loaded words, but I feel safe labeling ALF and ELF as "terrorist groups", I don't think it would be against NPOV. Feel free to tell me your opinion on all this.  --User:Uthar Wynn 01 03:56, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Tone and substance
Thanks for toning this down. It's easier to respond to the substance of a criticism when not distracted by the tone. You probably made a bunch of good points there, but frankly I tuned out after reading some personal remarks there. Uncle Ed 14:41, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, that rant (as well as several of the ones above) was/were written in the "heat of the moment", Gordon's antics are simply more than I can put up with. I noticed that you had reworded/crossed out some of my comments above on this talk page, please don't do that as it may cause confusion as to who decided to change them.  I have retracted my personal insults against you (sorry about that), you haven't done anything to deserve them - some of my anger at Gordon just spilled over on to you.  I am not, however, going to retract the remarks made about Gordon and mikkalai, even though I would phrase it differently were I to write it again, I meant every word.  --Uthar Wynn 01 02:25, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Warning
For this comment on Meconium.

Judging by the activity on your Talk and User page, I guess you are inactive, but your contributions still merit this Barnstar, so revel! ALTON  .ıl  03:08, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Uthar Wynn 01


text:
User talk:Hogeye

Anyone interested in past messages can use the History tab above. Please don't muck up my talk page by dredging up outdated messages. Thanks. Hogeye 05:08, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Sock puppeteer template
Again, you really shouldn't remove that. It really seems like bad faith on your part. Then again, I'm not very surprised. You also never answered my question: if you see Wikipedia like a game, why can't you play nicely? --AaronS 21:03, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
 * You can place that template next time I get banned. I see consensus as a game, like the article says. Hogeye 02:42, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

Hi Hogeye .. please I noticed that your pic about Ideology map has been proposed for deletion long ago ... I think the decision has been made in last February .. am I right ? please inform me about its copy right cause I like to use it in the arabic article of Anarchism --Chaos 12:31, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * It's public domain. Go ahead and use it. Someone once nominated it for deletion, but apparently nothing came of it. Hogeye 16:17, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

3RR
Hi there! I've noticed that you've been engaging in an edit war at Anarchism (social) and have been mislabeling your reversions as "reverting vandalism", when the issue is a content dispute, not vandalism. This is to be your only warning, and you will be blocked if you continue to edit war (please see WP:3RR for Wikipedia policies in regards to edit warring). hoopydink Conas tá tú? 20:14, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Three revert rule
You have been blocked for 24 hours under the three revert rule. If you wish to appeal please contact another administrator or the mailing list.Geni 20:16, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Agree with block for violating three revert rule. If I was doing it I would given you an extra 24 hours for edit summary stating "rv vandalism". Did you really think that four different experinced editors suddenly became vandals? When your block is up discuss your edits on the talk page until consensus or use dispute resolution. FloNight 20:49, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I consider blanking by redirection to be vandalism. Hogeye 21:27, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

I am lending my moral support to Hogeye, who has been the only editor to take reasonable action to resolve the anarchism article debate. - MSTCrow 06:09, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
 * So, I guess edit warring is ok then?  Ungovernable Force  Got something to say? 07:10, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

You have been blocked for a week
Content forks are considered not ok on Wikipedia. It's very disruptive. I warned you on this point and yet you came back from your block and just got right back going on adding to your forks and accusing people who are legitimately reverting the forks as vandals when they are just following our guidelines. It's obvious at this point that you aren't going to learn. This is your final chance. If you come back after a week and go right back at this forking business, you will be blocked indefinitely. Enough is enough. --Woohookitty(meow) 11:58, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The Anarchism (disambiguation) article is not a POV fork, it disambiguates two distinct definitions of "anarchism." As an administrator, you shouldn't be taking sides on this definitional issue endemic to anarchism. Also, blanking articles by redirection is clearly a form of vandalism. How did an idiot like you ever become an administrator? Hogeye 17:05, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

See http://www.wikitruth.info/index.php?title=WooHooKitty. Beware of upsetting the kitty, he is not a fixed puss. - MSTCrow 00:47, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It takes a lot less than an idiot to see through your actions, Hogeye. When you've been blocked for edit warring and disruption, the solution is not to sign out and then continue your edit warring and disruption. Come on, we're not stupid. This is silly. Stop evading your block and playing these games. --AaronS 17:45, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes. And it's not as if you are on block #2 or #3 here. You literally have the longest block record I've ever seen. --Woohookitty(meow) 03:35, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Final warning
This is your final warning. If you continue to vandalize pages on Wikipedia, make inappropriate edits or personal attacks, including inappropriate or offensive edit summaries, or continue to cause problems in other ways, you will be blocked from editing indefinitely. MetsBot 03:25, 10 December 2006 (UTC) --AaronS 17:52, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Are you an authoritarian administrator, too, now? Hogeye 17:55, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
 * No, just stating the obvious. --AaronS 17:56, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Anarchism/antistate
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Anarchism/antistate, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add  to the top of Anarchism/antistate. скоморохъ 19:53, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Agorism sidebar
I invite you to share your opinion about the nomination for deletion of the Agorism and Agorism sidebar. I am doing this since there appears to lack a broad range of libertarians reaching a consensus. Thank you for your time. 71.175.40.80 (talk) 16:22, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

Notification of automated file description generation
Your upload of File:AnarchismTree07.jpg or contribution to its description is noted, and thanks (even if belatedly) for your contribution. In order to help make better use of the media, an attempt has been made by an automated process to identify and add certain information to the media's description page.

This notification is placed on your talk page because a bot has identified you either as the uploader of the file, or as a contributor to its metadata. It would be appreciated if you could carefully review the information the bot added. To opt out of these notifications, please follow the instructions here. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 11:56, 24 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Another one of your uploads, File:Anarchism-Tree.jpg, has also had some information automatically added. If you get a moment, please review the bot's contributions there as well. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 11:53, 26 December 2013 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Hogeye


text:
EMD SD40

The EMD SD40 is an American 6-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between January 1966 and August 1972. 1,268 locomotives were built between 1966 and 1972. In 1972, an improved version with new electronics was developed and marketed as a new locomotive, the SD40-2.

Design
Like its predecessor in EMD's catalog, the SD35, the SD40 is a high-horsepower, six-axle freight locomotive. The SD40 is a member of EMD's long-running S pecial D uty class of locomotives, which all are built with 6 axles.

In 1966, EMD updated its locomotive catalog with entirely new models, all powered by the new 645 diesel engine. These included six-axle models SD38, SD40, SDP40 and SD45. All shared standardized components, including the frame, cab, generator, trucks, traction motors, and air brakes. The primary difference was the power output: SD38 = 2000 hp from a non-turbocharged V16, SD40 = 3000 hp from a turbocharged V16, and SD45 = 3600 hp from a turbocharged V20.

Original owners
856 examples of this locomotive model were built for American railroads, 330 were built for Canadian railroads, 72 were built for Mexican railroads, 6 were built for the Guinea-Boke Project, and 4 SD40Ms riding on gauge trucks were exported to Brazil. They were manufactured at McCook, Illinois.

Built by GMD at London, Ontario

Mexican SD40's Built by EMD at McCook, Illinois or GMD at London, Ontario

Phases are as listed by Robert Sarberenyi.

Derivatives and Experimental
The very first test bed SD40, EMD 434, constructed on an SD35 frame in July 1964 was in active service until retired by Canadian National Railway in March 2009 and donated to the Monticello Railway Museum in July 2009, albeit having been upgraded to an "SD40-2R", as Illinois Central 6071.

18 customized SD40s were built for the Illinois Central Railroad as model SD40A, using the longer SDP45 frame, which allowed for a larger 5,000 gallon fuel tank.

Versions of the SD40 modified for the Australian loading gauge were sold to WAGR and Victorian Railways as their L and C classes respectively.

The SD40 was succeeded by an upgraded Dash 2 version called the SD40-2.

SD40 rebuilds
After having been succeeded by the more modern SD40-2, a large number of SD40 have been upgraded with more modern equipment. The main difference between rebuilt SD40 and genuine SD40-2 is that the latter use a longer frame and has longer front and rear porches, while the rebuilt SD40 have a shorter frame.

A common product of rebuilding SD40s, and sometimes SD40-2s, is an SD40-3. The major addition denotes that the rebuilt unit or units as an SD40-3 is the addition of a micro-processor, and sometimes other modern components. The usual reasons for installing a micro-processor are improved traction control, and better fuel economy (via better injection control). Also, electronic control over braking systems (independent and automatic). This may include some SD39, SD45 and SD45-2 rebuilt to SD40-2 standards.

The SD40R is a rebuilt of all the Southern Pacific's SD40 between 1980 and 1981.

30 SD40 units have been rebuilt as SD40M-2 by Morrison Knudsen for Southern Pacific, alongside 97 SD45s and 6 SDP45s.

The SD40-2XR designates 15 SD40 and a SDP40 rebuilt to Dash-2 standards for Montana Rail Link.

The SD40E is an SD50 rebuilt by the Norfolk Southern Railway and derated to 3000 HP (equivalent to an SD40-2).

Preservation
• Ex-Canadian National SD40 #5232 (built November 1971) has been purchased by The Vintage Locomotive Society on January 10, 2015, from Cando and the Central Manitoba Railway. It is being used for revenue service by Prairie Rail Solutions, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Society. The unit has been repainted completely black, with Prairie Rail Solutions lettering and logos. It is VLSX 5232.

• Canadian Pacific SD40 #5500 is preserved at the Revelstoke Railway Museum in Revelstoke, BC. It was CP's first SD40, built in 1966 at GMD's London plant and was retired in 2001. The unit was donated to the museum in 2007. Plans are being made to restore the locomotive to its original look as it was when ordered, including a repaint into its original grey/tuscan red paint scheme, known as the Canadian Pacific "Script".

• Chesapeake and Ohio #7534 has been donated by CSX Transportation to the C&O Historical Society in Clifton Forge, Virginia. This engine is well known in the railroad enthusiast community as it ran on CSX right up to the late-2000s still wearing some of it original C&O paint and lettering, and was the very last SD40 on CSX's roster. The engine was meant to be used on the Buckingham Branch Railroad, which also operates out of Clifton Forge, however the unit spends quite a bit of time at the Historical Society's museum.

• Illinois Central SD40-2R #6071, the first SD40 built, is preserved at the Monticello Railway Museum in Monticello, Illinois. It was originally EMD demonstrator #434. It was sold to the Gulf Mobile & Ohio and it became GM&O #950. The GM&O was later merged into the Illinois Central Railroad and became Illinois Central Gulf #6071, then later rebuilt into an SD40-2R for the IC. It was donated March 11, 2009. The engine is fully functional, however it needs new traction motors if it were to operate again.

• Louisville and Nashville #1230 is owned by the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum but will be put to work on the museum's for-profit subsidiary, the Tyner Terminal Railroad, switching the Volkswagen plant. It will eventually be restored to one of its earlier L&N liveries.

• Ex-Santa Fe #5007 (built 1966 as ATSF 1707) is preserved at the Western America Railroad Museum in Barstow, California. It's currently numbered GN 6307, after being donated to the museum by BNSF.

• Santa Fe #5008 (built 1966 as ATSF 1708) is preserved at the Walt Disney Hometown Museum in Marceline, Missouri.

In mid December, 2014, it was revealed that Norfolk Southern had set aside two SD40 units, that were retired in 2007, for preservation: • Union Pacific #7362 (built 1966 as SP #8475) is used on North Platte Community College's South Campus as a training locomotive.
 * NS SD40 #1580, built as Norfolk and Western was donated to the Roanoke Chapter NRHS on 3/25/24.
 * NS SD40 #3170, built as Southern #3170, the first SD40 bought by the Southern. It was restored to operating condition at the Juniata Shops in Altoona, Pennsylvania, and then sent to the NS Paint shops at the Debutts Yard in Chattanooga, Tennessee, where it made its public debut February 27, 2015. It operated on the NS Coastal Division. On May 18, 2016, it was donated to the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum by Norfolk Southern.

• Western Maryland #7471 is owned by a private individual and currently leased to the Steam Railroading Institute in Owosso, Michigan.

title: EMD SD40


text:
User:Affrocow/Social Collectivism

Principles
The central principle of Social Collectivism is that all people are born equal, and therefore should be given equal opportunity, equal rights, and equal political power. Social Collectivism aspires to provide unity, equal representation, self sustainability, accountability, and equality. The system is built on three main human ambitions: 1) People's desire to have control of their own lives, 2) People's desire to be empowered, and 3) People's need to be provided with the things they need to survive.

Goals
There are six goals which an economic system can strive for. These are Growth, Efficiency, Stability, Security, Equity, and Freedom. Every economic system has three of these goals which they strive for above all else, the basic ideology from which all other aspects of the politics are based off.

The three goals that Social Collectivism strives for are Equity, Security, and Stability.

Government
The Government in Social Collectivism is a collective of the citizens of the country where the system has been implemented, and is made up of every denizen over the age of twenty who is deemed fit to govern. Criminals and mentally unstable citizens are exempted from governing. The basis for exclusion is a) that they are unable to be aware of the decisions that they are making, b) that they have abused their rights as a citizen criminally, or c)that it is deemed that they would make a deliberately wrong decision to hinder the system or for their own benefit. Other than these specific people, every person is considered a member of parliament.

Of all the citizens in the country who are government members, 500 people are democratically elected to sit on a republican council. The council members all run independently, and therefore are not bound by the views and morals of a political party. With a council of 500 members who are democratically elected, a majority of the populus' viewpoints would be represented, and so the council members voting on minor issues would be a fair method of choice. The council has the power to propose bills, laws, and legislation, as well as vote on small matters of parliament such as service maintenance, allotment of funds toward administration, foreign trade prices, and small changes in the cost of basic goods and services. All other citizens (members of parliament)who so choose can vote for the council members.

Every major decision in a Social Collectivist society is put to the public government in a two day open vote. Every member of parliament is presented with a voter card after passing a written test. This voter card must be presented in order to vote on any issue put forth by the rebublican council. On a day that a proposal is to be voted on, companies and organizations are required to give their employees two hours off to vote, coordinated amongst the companies so as to eliminate long lines at voting booths.

One of the most important aspects of Social Collectivism is that the council and other boards provide the populus with free healthcare, public transportation, education, social security, insurance, housing, and infrastructure in return for a 70% income tax. An elected board of accountants and the council members are required to organize the taxes collected and redistribute them to the essential services and their providers. 10% of the collected taxes are taken aside into a seperate account, to be distibuted to those with diseases or disabilities, as well as those who have retired from the workforce. These people are given an individually calculated amount of money monthly. In this way the workers, while providing for themselves, are also supporting those who need extra care and provision.

Another elected board sets up companies and sells them to whatever person or group chooses to buy them. All workers are considered direct employees of the government as well as an employee of the company where they work. No person can become an independent provider, because that would allow that person to set his own prices and charge unreasonable amounts for their product or service, and all wages in Social Collectivism are set by the government organization and standardized. A person who chooses to buy a company from the board is given special tax breaks based on the extra work load of money management, and the increased cost of doing business. There are no stocks or privately traded companies in Social Collectivism.

If the council proposes a general wage increase and it is voted for by the public government, then all wages will increase, not any wage seperately. The council would then raise the price of items, commodities, and services to get the extra capital required to distribute the higher wages. In response, the amount of money taxed would be greater, but the amount of money needed to upkeep the provided services would remian the same. Now the government organization would have more money to give back to the people through the provided services, improving their quality with the extra capital.

In a Social Collectivist country there would be a strong emphasis on the harvesting of resources, as a self sustaining nation needs to provide much of its own goods. Within the said country there would be many factories that produce many of the items that people need or want in society. Almost all of the goods will be produced inside the country, so they can be cheaply distributed. There will still be a wide range of fashions, styles, and designs, and there is no ban on importing or ordering a product from outside the country. All resources which are not needed for the country, as well as any extra produced goods, will be sold to other countries, but importing goods into the country would be less encouraged.

Career
All people in a Social Collectivist nation who are able to do so are required to work for 25 years of mandatory career service, with exemplary job security and much more standardized wages than in most government systems.

Education
Soon to Come

Culture
Soon to Come

Justice
Soon to Come

title: User:Affrocow/Social Collectivism


text:
EMD SDP40

An SDP40 is a 6-axle passenger diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD) between June 1966 and May 1970.

Design
Like its predecessor in EMD's catalog, the SDP35, the SDP40 is a high-horsepower freight locomotive with equipment for passenger train service.

In 1966, EMD replaced all their production units with those powered by the new 645 diesel. They included six-axle models SD38, SD40 and SD45, in addition to SDP40. All had standard components including the frame, cab, generator, trucks, traction motors, and air brakes. The main difference was the power: the SD38 produced 2000 hp from a non-turbocharged V16, the SD40 produced 3000 hp from a turbocharged V16, and the SD45 produced 3600 hp from a turbocharged V20.

The SD40 and SDP40 were so similar that EMD published common operator's and service manuals to cover both.

At the time most passenger locomotives needed to provide steam to the passenger cars for heating, cooking, and sometimes cooling. They needed a higher gear ratio for faster running, the graduated-release feature on the air brakes, and type F tightlock couplers to keep equipment together in the event of a derailment. To fit a steam generator to the freight-only SD40, the designers had to move the machinery forward about 2 ft on the frame, add a compartment behind the radiators for the boiler, and divide the fuel tank into fuel and water sections.

Appearance
Earlier passenger diesels, like EMD E8, ALCO PA, FM Erie-built and Baldwin Sharknose locomotives, were streamlined cab units designed for visual appeal and the appearance of speed. The SDP40 and the SDP35 & SDP45 instead have the same appearance as their freight counterparts. This look was contemporary to, and eventually overtaken by cowl units like the GE U30CG and EMD FP45, SDP40F and F40PH.

Visually, the locomotive is a hood unit distinguished only by the shape of its rear end behind the radiators, with its flat end having no number boards, shuttered boiler air intake on each side, extra exhaust stacks over the boiler, cantilevered walkway around the flat end, and very steep rear steps. EMD applied this same end to the passenger SDP35, SDP45, and GP40P locomotives, as well as the freight DD35, DDA40X and SD40T-2.

Amtrak's SDP40F locomotive, although sharing several mechanical specifications, is visually a much different locomotive. Seven years separate their introductions, and the SDP40F was actually based on the SD40-2. It had a full-width carbody, similar to the FP45. It was also 6 ft longer than the SDP40.

Original owners
Great Northern Railway (GN) purchased the first six SDP40s in 1966, to replace older E-units on their Western Star and smaller regional trains. Options included Vapor OK-4740 steam generators, water-transfer capability between units, 59:18 gearing for a top speed of 83 mph, and Type-F couplers. These were followed in 1967 by eight more powerful SDP45 locomotives ordered for the Empire Builder. After the startup of Amtrak in 1971, Great Northern's successor Burlington Northern Railroad (BN) converted the locomotives to freight service.

One SDP40, former GN 323, was temporarily renumbered BN 1976 and painted in red, white and blue for the United States Bicentennial in 1976.

NdeM had ten units delivered in 1968 and another four in 1970. In 1998, the government of Mexico privatized the NdeM the locomotives were split between two successor companies. Eight went to TFM, which was later purchased by Kansas City Southern Railway and became KCSM. Of those eight, two were rebuilt to SD22ECOs, and the other six were scrapped. The remaining six went to Ferromex. Of those six, four were rebuilt to SDP40-2s and remain in service, the other two were scrapped.

Preservation
BNSF Railway donated #6327 - former Great Northern #325 and their last SDP40 in service - to the Minnesota Transportation Museum in May 2009. Since then, it has been in service on the Osceola and St. Croix Valley Railway. In 2023, the museum repainted the locomotive into the Great Northern's simplified orange and green color paint scheme.

title: EMD SDP40


text:
EMD SD45

The SD45 is a six-axle diesel-electric locomotive class built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between 1965 and 1971. It has an EMD 645E3 twenty-cylinder engine generating 3600 hp on the same frame as the SD38, SD39, SD40, and SDP40. As of 2023, most SD45s have been retired, scrapped or rebuilt to SD40-2 standards.

Design
A total of 1,260 were built for American railroads before the SD45-2 replaced it in 1972, along with the related SD45T-2 'Tunnel Motor'.

SD45s had several teething problems. Reliability was not as high as anticipated; the twenty-cylinder prime mover was prone to crankshaft failure from engine block flex. Though it produced 600 hp more than the 16-645E3 in the SD40, some railroads felt the extra horsepower wasn't worth it, even after EMD strengthened the block to eliminate crankshaft failures. At low speeds, when tractive effort was adhesion-limited, the SD45 provided no advantage over the SD40.

Buyers included the Burlington Northern, Southern Pacific, Santa Fe, Pennsylvania Railroad, the Great Northern Railway, Union Pacific and the Northern Pacific Railway. Many SD45s still exist, some rebuilt with sixteen-cylinder 645s for lease companies. SD45s and SD45-2s owned by Montana Rail Link retain their 20-cylinder prime movers. Wisconsin Central used to roster a large fleet of SD45s, but its sale to CN has resulted in the retirement of the entire fleet, with mass scrappings. Montana Rail Link is also starting to sell some for scrap.

SD45R

 * February 20, 1989, Southern Pacific SD45R locomotive #7502 was involved in a wreck that derailed 48-cars of an 82-car train and three of these cars had contained residue from chlorine, phosphoric acid and hydrocarbons.
 * On May 12, 1989, Southern Pacific SD45R locomotives #7551 (formerly #8985) and #7549 (formerly #9038) were both destroyed in the 1989 Cajon Pass Runaway when they crashed along Duffy Street in San Bernardino, California.

SD45u
The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway has rebuilt 115 units into what had become the EMD SD45u. They were all renumbered as 5300-5483 between 1979 and 1989.

SD44R
In 1981, the Southern Pacific Transportation Company had rebuilt a single SD45 (SP SD45 #8837) into a single locomotive model designated the SD44R and numbered it #7399.

SD45R
The Southern Pacific Transportation Company had rebuilt a total of 167 EMD SD45 units into EMD SD45R diesel locomotives at their own Sacramento Shops under the Southern Pacific's M-99 rebuild program and renumbered their units as 7400 through 7566. Most of them in their SD45 form were classified by the Southern Pacific as EF636-1, EF636-2, EF636-3, EF636-4, EF636-5 and EF636-6, but when they were all rebuilt under the Southern Pacific's M-99 rebuild program, they were classified as EF636LR-1, EF636R-2 and EF636LR-3.

Preservation

 * Erie Lackawanna No. 3607 is preserved at the St. Louis National Museum of Transportation. Restored to EL colors, this unit is a static display.
 * Great Northern 400, named "Hustle Muscle", was the first production SD45. It is preserved by the Great Northern Railway Historical Society, based out of Saint Paul, Minnesota. It was in active service on the Minnesota Transportation Museum's Osceola and St. Croix Valley Railway until it suffered a crankshaft failure in its original 20-645E3 engine, requiring a replacement engine to be installed. BNSF Railway overhauled a 20-645E3 engine from a retired ex-ATSF SD45-2 and donated and installed the new engine in January 2019.
 * Kansas City Southern No. 1200 is at the Rail Museum of Heroica Matamoros in Matamoros, Mexico on static display
 * Norfolk and Western No. 1776, a high-hood unit, is a static display at the Virginia Museum of Transportation.
 * Northern Pacific 3617 is preserved at the Lake Superior Railroad Museum. It has been restored to active service. NP_3617_in_2015.JPG
 * Seaboard Coast Line No. 2024 is preserved at the Southern Appalachia Railway Museum in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and is currently painted in the Clinchfield Railroad scheme as of December 2017.
 * Southern Pacific 7457 is a static display at the Utah State Railroad Museum in Ogden, Utah.
 * Wisconsin Central No. 7525 is at the Illinois Railway Museum and is operable. It is one of two WC SD45 units to be painted in an Operation Lifesaver scheme.

title: EMD SD45


text:
Nara University

Nara University (奈良大学) is a private university of approximately 3,700 students, in Misasagi-cho, Nara, Japan. It opened in 1969.

It is approximately a 20-minute walk from the Kintetsu train line's Takanohara Station.

title: Nara University


text:
Talk:Massachusetts Senate

Untitled
I suppose we could move the list of Senators from Massachusetts General Court; any votes yes or no? -- PhilipR 02:55, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Continuous
Is the Mass. Senate a continuous body like the U.S. Senate?—Markles 21:34, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
 * No, because the entire body is subject to election every two years. Yellowdesk (talk) 01:36, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

Summary style
Per the Summary style guideline, this article should cover the Massachusetts Senate overall. The bulk of content specific to a particular legislature in history should be moved to its own article. For example, much of the content about the current 2021-2022 legislature (e.g. members) should be moved to the 2021–2022 Massachusetts legislature article. More on this approach: Recentism. -- M2545 (talk) 10:10, 22 January 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅ -- M2545 (talk) 09:59, 9 July 2021 (UTC)

Wikidata list
List of members of the Massachusetts Senate in Wikidata: < https://w.wiki/3UVg >. -- M2545 (talk) 20:00, 12 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Massachusetts Senate


text:
EMD SD38-2

The EMD SD38-2 is a model of six-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD) from 1972 to 1979. EMD built 90 of these medium road-switchers, which were used in both yard and mainline roles. Part of the EMD Dash 2 line, the SD38-2 was an upgraded SD38 with modular electronic control systems, HT-C trucks, and many other detail improvements. The locomotive's power was provided by an EMD 16-645E 16-cylinder engine, which could generate 2,000 hp. These units were constructed with either 3,200 or fuel tanks and were available with or without dynamic brakes. It shared the same 64 ft frame as the SD40-2 and SD45-2, which gives it a length over couplers of 68 ft.

title: EMD SD38-2


text:
EMD SD45-2

The EMD SD45-2 is a 6-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD). EMD built 136 locomotives between 1972 and 1974, primarily for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (ATSF). The SD45-2 was an improved version of the EMD SD45; the primary visual difference is the absence of flared radiators on the SD45-2.

Design
Part of the EMD Dash 2 line, the SD45-2 was an upgraded SD45. Like the SD45, the SD45-2 had an EMD 645E3 20-cylinder engine producing 3600 hp. The main spotting difference between an SD45 and an SD45-2 was the long hood and the rear radiator. On the SD45 the long hood is flared whereas on the SD45-2 it is vertical and the rear cooling fans are more spread out on the top of the rear of the long hood. This unit used the same frame as the EMD SD40-2 and EMD SD38-2. The largest owner of the SD45-2 was the Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe with 90 units, the Clinchfield had 18 units, Seaboard Coast line had 15 units and Erie Lackawanna rostered 13 units.

A few cabless SD45-2Bs were built by Santa Fe from units undergoing remanufacturing. In all but one case (5510), the dynamic brakes were moved to the opposite end of the hood from the radiators; they were originally near the center of the hood. With no cab, these B-units are controlled from other locomotives.

In September 2015, Norfolk Southern revealed SD45-2 #1700, which was painted back to its Erie Lackawanna color scheme at Chattanooga, Tennessee. This is the second unit from an NS predecessor painted back into its original colors.

Preservation
On August 31, 2018, CSX donated former SD45-2 #8954 (ex: SCL #2049) to the Southeastern Railway Museum in Duluth, Georgia, making it the first SD45-2 to be preserved.

On October 6, 2021, BNSF donated SD45-2 #6484 (ex: ATSF #5704, one of 5 units to receive a bicentennial scheme) to the Southern California Railway Museum (SCRM) in Perris, California. It was restored to its bicentennial scheme as ATSF #5704, and is currently stored in Commerce, California, awaiting delivery to SCRM.

title: EMD SD45-2


text:
EMD SD45X

An EMD SD45X is a 6-axle experimental diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between June 1970 and February 1971. Power was provided by an EMD 645E3A 20-cylinder engine which generated 4200 hp. 7 examples of this locomotive model were built for American railroads. 6 of these units would end up in service with Southern Pacific Railroad. One was rebuilt in 1980 by Morrison-Knudsen into an SD45Xm with a long hood from a scrapped DD35.

title: EMD SD45X


text:
Sprite Zero Sugar

Sprite Zero Sugar (also known as Diet Sprite or Sprite No Sugar, and known as simply Sprite in the Netherlands and Ireland ) is a colorless, lemon-lime soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company. It is a sugar-free variant of Sprite, and is one of the drinks in Coca-Cola's "Zero Sugar" lineup.

History
Sprite Zero Sugar originally began production as "Sugar Free Sprite" in 1974, and was renamed to "Diet Sprite" in 1983. In other countries, it was known as "Sprite Light". The brand "Sprite Zero" was first used in Greece in 2002. Beginning in 2002, the name was changed almost worldwide to Sprite Zero, matching The Coca-Cola Company's launch of Fanta Zero and Coca-Cola Zero. In 2019, the drink was re-branded as "Sprite Zero Sugar" in order to align with the Coca-Cola Company's 2017 re-brand of Coca-Cola Zero as "Coca-Cola Zero Sugar" and its 2019 extension of that branding to its zero-calorie varieties of Coca-Cola Vanilla and Coca-Cola Cherry.

Ingredients
The following ingredients are listed here: carbonated water, citric acid, natural flavors, potassium citrate, and potassium benzoate, aspartame, and acesulfame potassium. (Aspartame contains phenylalanine.)

Nutrition
Comparing Sprite Zero Sugar to other popular lemon-lime sodas:

title: Sprite Zero Sugar


text:
EMD SD39

The SD39 is a model of 6-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between August 1968 and May 1970. 54 were built for American railroads.

In 1966, EMD replaced all their old models with new ones having the new 645 diesel. These included six-axle models SD38, SD40, SDP40 and SD45; the SD39 was added in 1968. All shared standard components including the frame, cab, traction alternator, trucks, traction motors, and air brakes. The difference was the power output: SD38 = 2000 hp from a non-turbocharged V16, SD39 = 2300 hp from a turbocharged V12, SD40 = 3000 hp from a turbocharged V16, and SD45 = 3600 hp from a turbocharged V20. The SD39 had the smallest prime mover and therefore had the most unused space above the frame, inside the hood between the main generator and electrical cabinet, and outside in large end "porches".

Variant
A variant was the SDL39, ordered by the Milwaukee Road. Shorter and lighter than a stock SD39, these minimized weight per axle.

Dash 2 Series
On January 1, 1972, EMD debuted Dash 2 models. No official SD39-2s were built, though the model was catalogued. Some SD39s were rebuilt to Dash 2 specifications, however, and received the SD39-2 designation. Also, BNSF has re-designated some of their SD40-2 locomotives as 'SD39-2s'; it is unknown at this time what mechanical changes have been made to these locomotives.

Dispositions
Some of the SD39 model were subsequently resold to other operators including:
 * FEPASA - 14 SD39-2s numbered 2350-2363; the last seven, 2358–2363, rebuilt as SD39-2M by NRE.
 * TRANSAP - 4 SD39-3M locomotives rebuilt by MPI de Mexico numbered D2301-D2304.

title: EMD SD39


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Splck

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Ingoolemo  talk  00:45, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)

Splck
Had to have a look when I saw a deadend stub with no vowels in the title. Google shows zero relevant hits. Delete. --InShaneee 02:59, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Non-verifiable. --khaosworks 03:07, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. 68 irrelevant Google hits (unrelated pages, Wiki mirrors, or foreign language). Some fishing site copied this from Wiki; oops. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  03:22, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete (Note, a different bit of dubious nonsence with the same title was deleted back in November.) -- Infrogmation 04:36, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Mergeto fishing or steelhead. It is listed on Dictionary of Fishing, but its too small for its own article, however its notable to the fishing community.  <> Who ? ¿ ?  07:23, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The Dictionary of Fishing site is a Wikipedia mirror; the reason why they have an entry is because we have one, not because it's a real word. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 11:30, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unverifiable and likely nonsense. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 11:30, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 03:40, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Splck


text:
Bryan R. Holloway

Bryan R. Holloway is an American former politician. He served five and a half two-year terms as a representative from the 91st District (Stokes and Rockingham Counties) in the North Carolina General Assembly. Holloway resigned from his seat in 2015 to become a lobbyist. He currently operates from his own firm, Holloway Group Inc.

During his tenure, Rep. Holloway served as the co-chairman of the powerful Appropriations Committee and as chairman of the legislature's Education Oversight Committee. In his first term, Holloway served as the Republican Freshman Leader. In 2014, he made an unsuccessful run for Speaker of the House.

Prior to his election in 2004, Holloway was a social studies teacher at West Stokes High School. Holloway defeated incumbent Rex Baker in the 2004 Republican Primary and Robert Mitchell, a fellow West Stokes High School teacher, in the 2004 General Election. Holloway easily won re-election against Democrat Ed Gambill in 2006, 2008, and 2010. In 2012, he defeated former NC House Representative Nelson Cole. He was re-elected without opposition in 2014.

Education and personal life
Holloway is a graduate of Appalachian State University. He is a member of Calvary Baptist Church in King, North Carolina and resides in King with his wife, Misti, and their dog, Governor.

Fashion blogger
In May 2013 the popular menswear blog Ivy Style claimed that Holloway maintained a fashion blog (deleted shortly afterward) called "Wasp 101".[6]

The post pointed out a number of similarities and coincidences between the writer (known as "Richard") and the politician: they are the same age and have the same birthday, both work in North Carolina politics, have a Dachshund called Governor and Richard is Holloway's middle name. The post also pointed out that photos of the second writer on the blog, "Kipp," bear a strong resemblance to Holloway's legislative assistant.[7]

Holloway has denied that he was the author of the blog.[8]

title: Bryan R. Holloway


text:
EMD SDL39

The EMD SDL39 is a model of 6-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between March 1969 and November 1972. Power was provided by the EMD 645E3 12-cylinder engine as used in the EMD GP39 which generated 2,300 horsepower (1.7 MW). The unit was built on a short 55 ft frame with C-C export trucks, barely tipping the scales at 250,000 lb and managing a light-footed axle-loading of just 20.8 ST per axle.

All 10 examples of this locomotive model were built for Milwaukee Road, who wanted a lightweight road-switcher to replace their fleet of ALCO RSC-2s.

These Milwaukee Road units were numbered 581–590. The 581 was wrecked at Sacred Heart, MN in 1983, and scrapped the following year. The remaining nine units were transferred to the Soo Line Railroad when it acquired the Milwaukee Road. All were subsequently included in the sale of the Soo's Lakes States Division (most of its network in Wisconsin and Upper Michigan, plus some lines in adjoining Illinois and Minnesota) to the new Wisconsin Central Limited. After the Wisconsin Central was purchased by, and merged into the Canadian National Railway, the nine units were returned to the lessor, and were sold to FEPASA, Chilean Freight Operation Concession.

title: EMD SDL39


text:
Progressive Party (Singapore)

The Singapore Progressive Party (abbreviation: PP), or simply the Progressive Party, was a political party that was formed on 25 August 1947. It won the 1948 Legislative Assembly general elections with half of the contested seats in the Legislative Assembly, 3 out of 6. At that time, the self-government power of the Legislative Assembly was still rather limited.

History
The party was founded by three lawyers, namely Tan Chye Cheng, John Laycock and Nazir Ahmad Mallal. All three were educated at the University of London and were three of the six first ever elected legislative councillors in Singapore. The party was Singapore's first political party.

Party ideology
The Progressive Party was heavily backed by and made up of English-speaking upper class professionals. Its campaign ideology was to advocate progressive and gradual reforms, rather than sudden, quick, radical ones, which fell in line with British policy at the time, to slowly let Singapore gain full self-government. This approach was criticised vehemently by David Saul Marshall, leader of the Labour Front who instead wanted rapid reform.

Legislative Council
In the Legislative Council, the SPP worked closely with the British Government. The SPP fought for equal treatment with both local and European civil servants, but this did not please the Chinese-educated locals, who were very unhappy with the SPP's Pro-British stance.

Central Provident Fund
In 1951, PP drafted a law for the setting up of a Central Provident Fund, and it was approved by the British government in 1954, this CPF scheme provides financial security for workers in their retirement or for workers who were unable to work, this scheme came into effect in 1955, when David Marshall took office, and even after so many years, the CPF scheme despite having a few revisions and changes, remains in Singapore.

Legislative Council

 * Legislative Council By-Elections

title: Progressive Party (Singapore)


text:
A&E Networks

A&E Television Networks, LLC, stylized as A+E NETWORKS, is an American multinational broadcasting company that is a 50–50 joint venture between Hearst Communications and The Walt Disney Company through its Entertainment division. The company owns several non-fiction and entertainment-based television brands, including its namesake A&E network, History Channel, Lifetime, FYI, and their associated sister channels. The company also holds stakes in, or licenses, their international branches.

History
A&E was formed from the merger of the Alpha Repertory Television Service and the Entertainment Channel, a premium cable channel, in 1984 with their respective owners keeping stakes in the new company. Thus A&E's shareholders were Hearst and ABC (from ARTS) and Radio City Music Hall (Rockefeller Group) and RCA, then the parent of NBC (from Entertainment Channel). The company launched Arts & Entertainment Network, a cultural cable channel, on February 1, 1984.

In 1990, after having aired episodes of its original 1960's version starting in 1987, A&E acquired rights to, and started producing new episodes of, the documentary series Biography— which became the channel's flagship program. The network also introduced its own companion magazine A&E Monthly.

The company indicated that plans for a history channel were in the works in 1993; it purchased the Lou Reda Productions documentary library and long-term rights for the Hearst Entertainment documentaries archive. In June 1993, the Rockefeller Group's Radio City Music Hall sold its 12.5% stake in A&E to the other three partners (now including NBC in place of RCA after GE's purchase of the latter in 1986) with NBC owning 25% and the other two 37.5% each. Also that month, a new production unit was set up.

A&E Networks
The A&E channel expanded to Canada, and later Mexico from 1993 to 1994. Biography began airing 5 nights a week in 1994. Also in 1994, A&E, on its 10th anniversary, changed its name from Arts and Entertainment to A&E.

The A&E company launched The History Channel on January 1, 1995, with its UK counterpart following on November 1 in partnership with British Sky Broadcasting. A&E Networks considered History to be the driver in international expansion due to a lack of international rights to A&E international co-productions. As expected, the History Channel led A&E's overseas expansion in Brazil with TVA (April 1996), the Nordic and Baltic regions with Modern Times Group (1997), and in Canada (1997). By 1997, the company had started its AETN International division.

Formerly only direct sales, A&E Home Video initiated a six-month trial in which Barnes & Noble would sell the "Biography" line in stores, which became permanent in 1996. THC debuted in two other media in September 1996 with a radio program on ABC Radio Networks and Border Books stocking THC videos.

The 'Biography' franchise continued to expand with a website in July 1996, a children's version launched in fall 1996, an audiotape line in 1997, telefilm development, a Crown published short biography line and debuted its magazine which replaced A&E Monthly. During the 1998–1999 season, Biography: American Justice and Biography Movies debuted.

History expanded in 1998 into tours of U.S. landmarks with Mayflower Tours having an affiliated website (historytravel.com), History Channel Traveler, and a planned quarterly magazine. While in October, History and MSG Network teamed up to produce several short-form sports history programs.

A+E spun out its two digital cable channels in November 1998 with The Biography Channel and History Channel International from A&E and the History Channel. A&E was spending $10 million per year to convert to the digital format and for digital distribution. With the need to revive a battered channel, improve the brand and create strong content for the A&E channel, A&E executive started the A&E IndieFilms division in 2005.

Post-Lifetime acquisition
In August 2009, A&E Networks acquired Lifetime Entertainment Services, which at the time was jointly owned by Disney and Hearst, each with 50% ownership. Following the deal, Disney and Hearst each held approximately 42% of the combined company, while NBCUniversal retained approximately 16%. The deal included mechanisms by which NBCU could choose, or alternatively be forced to, exit the partnership over the subsequent 15 years. In May 2011, A&E Television Networks changed its brand name to A+E Networks. A&E dropped TV as their brands had moved beyond just the TV channel while keeping Networks being contemporary to similar companies.

In July 2012, NBCUniversal confirmed plans to divest its 15.8% stake in A&E Networks by way of a share repurchase by A&E Networks, making Disney and Hearst 50-50 partners in the joint venture. In August 2012, A&E announced that Lionsgate Home Entertainment had acquired the home video distribution rights to its content, replacing New Video.

With an early June 2013 promotion to A&E Networks CEO, Nancy Dubuc launched a new in-house production unit, A&E Studios, and hired veteran BBC executive Jana Bennett to serve as the president of Biography Channel and LMN.

In December 2013, in response to stagnating viewership in comparison to its sister networks, it was announced that the Biography Channel would be re-launched as FYI, a lifestyle-oriented network, in 2014. The channel's new president, Jana Bennett, had previously overseen TLC's early-2000s transition into a mainstream lifestyle channel.

In August 2014, A&E took a 10% stake in Vice Media for $250 million. The company then announced in April 2015 that H2 would be re-branded into a Vice channel with an indicated early 2016 launch. Director Spike Jonze, Vice's creative director, is overseeing the development of the new 24-hour channel. Disney also made a direct investment in Vice Media with two $200 million investments in November 2015 then a week later in December for about a direct 10% to assist in funding programming. In May 2016, the company signed an international distribution deal with Pulse Films, and its East Entertainment formats and entertainment company.

A&E Networks took an equity stake at the March 2015 formation of an independent TV production company, Propagate Content, run and owned by CEO Howard T. Owens and chief creative officer David McKillop, former A&E channel general manager. The development team led by Daniel Suratt had the company also investing in Epic Magazine, Samba and Panna food app-based content company in December 2015. Sean Cohan was promoted from head of international division to president of international and digital media in December 2015 as Suratt, head of digital media & business development, was promoted to president of corporate development, strategy and investments.

The company formed an in-house advertising agency, 45th & Dean, under executive vice president and general manager of FYI Network Paul Greenberg in May 2016. In February 2017, A&E's in-house ad agency, 45th and Dean, was planning on developing new shows for Snapchat's Discover platform.

The Digital Media division launched its first direct to consumer streaming service, Lifetime Movie Club, in September 2015. Then in February 2016, the division launched another service, History Vault, followed by its Canadian version in November with Corus. Both have content at least a year off their respective channels. Club offers a rotating group of 40 films from the Lifetime library, while Vault has 400 documentaries at any one time.

The new Vice channel, branded as Viceland, launched on September 19, 2016. The next day, A&E Networks UK launched Blaze, a new free-to-air channel carrying programming aimed towards adult males.

2017 Programming shifts
In March 2017, the company invested in a Series A funding round for Beautycon. A&E led a Series A funding round for Atlas Obscura in mid-2017. AETN in November 2017 took a substantial minority stake in Dan Abrams's LawNewz Network live court content website, which then renamed its website to Law&Crime Network.

In a 2017 agreement, A&E Networks took a 25 share in National Women's Soccer League, created NWSL Media (the league's commercial unit), sleeve sponsor and became its national broadcast partner for three years, carrying the game on Lifetime. In February 2019, A&E ended the pact early and returned its 25% equity in the league, while continuing Lifetime's sleeve sponsorship.

In the second quarter of 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the Biography franchise with a set of two-hour specials and a miniseries for three of its channels, A&E, History and Lifetime. The franchise's TV programming will be recurring multi-formatted and tie into important anniversaries, newly found information about notables and current news. The initial set has the commonality of being crime centered, with at least one future set would focus on notable women. A&E Networks held its first convention, Alien Con, October 28–30, 2016 in partnership with Cosmic Con as an extension of the History channel's Ancient Aliens TV series.

In March 2018, Dubuc resigned as CEO. A&E called back former CEO Abbe Raven to be interim CEO. Paul Buccieri was promoted from president of A&E Studios and A&E Networks Portfolio Group to A&E President in July 2018.

Buccieri formed the A+E Originals unit for unscripted series. This was followed by three first look deals with Leah Remini, Elizabeth Vargas and Gretchen Carlson. Vargas would serve as anchor of its A&E Investigates banner.

On November 6, 2018, the European Commission approved Disney's proposed acquisition of 21st Century Fox assets, but ordered A&E Networks International to divest certain factual television networks in the European Economic Area that overlap with the Fox assets being acquired, including Blaze, Crime & Investigation, History, H2, and Lifetime. A&E Networks launched its first OTT channel, Lively Place, through Wurl on Samsung TV Plus in December 2019.

A&E Networks sold several programs into the Latin American (DirecTV and Colombian broadcaster Plural TV) and US Hispanic (NBC Universo) markets in January 2019. This a part of attempt to offset declines in US basic cable business with sales to expanding markets like Latin America. A+E Networks agreed to a first-look development and production deal with Ozy Media in January 2020 for potential maker for A&E, History and Lifetime flagship cable channels.

In February 2020, the company started its A&E Crime Central streaming service. The service has from the company's major channel libraries some 900 crime series and specials available. A&E licensed some titles from A&E and History libraries in February 2020 to Peacock.

As the History channel marked its 25th anniversary, A&E is launching a number of live events including a three-day History Con in April 2020, traveling speaker series HistoryTalks and History podcast.

In June 2021, the company announced that they have bought a 35% stake in the Canadian-based production outfit, Reel One Entertainment, one of the many providers of TV movies for the Lifetime networks. Before, Reel One was majority owned by the TF1 Group-owned Newen Group, with founder and CEO Tom Berry holding a minority stake.

In November 2021, Frndly TV and A&E reached a deal to A&E's portfolio of channels such as A&E, The History Channel, and Lifetime to the streaming service.

On April 3, 2024, it was announced that A&E Networks would partner with Warner Bros. Discovery/Lionsgate/Gray Television-owned Free TV Networks to launch a broadcast network called Dare, which will feature programming from the former company.

Units

 * A&E Networks International
 * A&E Studios LLC
 * A&E Originals (2018– )
 * A&E IndieFilms (2005-) documentary feature film division
 * A&E Films
 * A&E Networks Digital – manages History.com and Biography.com along with:
 * A&E, Fyi, History and Lifetime apps
 * OTT streaming channels Crime360 by A&E and Lively Place
 * Subscription streaming services: A&E Crime Central, History Vault and Lifetime Movie Club.
 * A+E Ventures
 * Atlas Obscura (2017—)
 * Beautycon (March 2017—)
 * Propagate Content (March 2015—) stake
 * National Women's Soccer League (2017–2019) 25% share
 * Epic Magazine
 * Samba TV
 * Panna (December 2015—September 2019) food app-based content company, produced Love at First Bite show along with and for FYI sold to Discovery, Inc.
 * LawNewz Network d/b/a Law & Crime Network (November 2017-) substantial minority stake in Dan Abrams's live court content website and OTT channel
 * Reel One Entertainment (June 2021—) 35% stake
 * Vice Media (2014–) 20% stake
 * Vice (TV channel)
 * Philo (owned with AMC Networks, Paramount Global and Warner Bros. Discovery)
 * Consumer Enterprises - e-commerce, direct-to-consumer product ventures, live events
 * Alien Con (October 2016–present) became biennial by 2019
 * Bring It Live! (2017–)
 * History Con (April 2020)
 * History Talk (fall 2019– )
 * History Speaks (2020–) podcast working title for extended interviews, original content, behind-the-scenes footage and conversations
 * Six West Media
 * 45th & Dean, in-house ad agency

TV channels

 * A&E
 * FYI
 * History
 * History en Español
 * Military History
 * Lifetime Entertainment Services
 * Lifetime
 * LMN
 * LRW
 * Defy (broadcast network; joint venture with Free TV Networks)

Crime & Investigation
Crime & Investigation, stylized as Crime + Investigation or C&I airs mostly off-network reruns of crime dramas such as 24, Nash Bridges, and Hack, and the A&E crime documentary shows SWAT, Uncovered, The First 48, American Justice, The Big House and Vanished With Beth Holloway. The channel also broadcasts internationally.

A&E Studios
A&E Studios, LLC (stylized as A+E Studios) is the company's in-house scripted production company. The studio's divisions include A&E Originals and A&E IndieFilms.

A&E Networks formed the studio in June 2013 under president Bob DeBitetto with three projects in development, one for each flagship channels. At MIPCOM in October 2014, International executive vice president Sean Cohan and DeBitetto launched A&E Studios International as a distribution and financing unit to distribution A&E Studios productions. With the October 2016 retirement of DeBitetto, Paul Buccieri took over his post as president of A+E Studios and A+E Networks Portfolio Group from the post of president of A&E Network and History.

Buccieri formed the A&E Originals unit for unscripted series placing Steve Ascher, Former History executive, in day-to-day charge as vice president in 2007. Soon thereafter in April 2018, A&E agreed to a third season for "Scientology and the Aftermath" documentary series and a first-look development deal with Leah Remini.

Also in April 2018, A&E Originals signed Elizabeth Vargas to a first-look and production deal. Vargas would serve as anchor of its A&E Investigates, its banner for new non-fiction prime time journalism programming. In April 2018, A&E Originals signed a first-look deal with former Fox News Channel anchor Gretchen Carlson to host three documentaries. Ascher was promoted to senior vice president, production and development of A+E Originals.

In July 2019, Pop announced a series order from A&E Studios for Best Intentions. With the re-merger of Viacom-CBS in March 2020, Pop dropped the series and allowed A&E Studios to shop the show. More recently, the studio signed a deal with Silver Lining Entertainment Partners.

Filmography

 * Houdini – History (2014) miniseries
 * Unreal – Lifetime (2015–18) Hulu (2018)
 * The Returned – A&E (2015)
 * Sons of Liberty – History (Miniseries, 2015)
 * Knightfall – History (TV series, 2017–2019) in association with Lionsgate Television
 * You – Lifetime (season 1), Netflix (season 2–present) (TV series, 2018–present)
 * Project Blue Book – History (TV series, 2019–20)
 * American Princess – Lifetime (TV series, 2019)
 * Reprisal – Hulu (TV series, 2019)
 * Big Sky – ABC (TV series, 2020–2023)
 * The Liberator – Netflix (Miniseries, 2020)
 * The Lincoln Lawyer – Netflix (TV series, 2022–present)
 * A&E Investigates (2018–) A&E Originals
 * Cults and Extreme Belief (May 28, 2018–present)
 * The Plot Against America special (June 4, 2018) examining counter-intelligence versus Russia since 2001
 * The Untitled Word of Faith Fellowship Project (working title)
 * Child Brides (working title)

A&E IndieFilms
A&E IndieFilms is the feature documentary film production division of A&E Studios, LLC with a staff of two.

The subdivision was launched in 2005, in response to the success of theatrical documentaries such as Fahrenheit 9/11 and Super Size Me and with the need to revive a battered channel, improve the brand and create strong content for the A&E channel. Molly Thompson was hired in 2005 for the division and executive produced all the division's films to 2009. Thompson was promoted to division vice president in January 2009, then senior vice president by April 2016. At this time, A&E IndieFilms was a division of A&E Studios. Thompson, senior vice president of feature films for A+E Networks at this time, left in January 2019 for Apple's streaming service in a similar position.

Films

 * Murderball (2005) distributed by THINKFilm
 * Rock School (2005) distributed by Newmarket Films
 * Jesus Camp (2006) Oscar-nominated, distributed by Magnolia Pictures
 * Street Thief (2006)
 * My Kid Could Paint That (2007) by director-producer Amir Bar-Lev, distributed by Sony Pictures Classics
 * American Teen (2008) distributed by Paramount Vantage
 * The September Issue (2009) distributed by Roadside Attractions
 * Client 9: The Rise and Fall of Eliot Spitzer (2010) distributed by Magnolia Pictures
 * The Tillman Story by director-producer Amir Bar-Lev (2010) distributed by The Weinstein Company
 * Corman's World: Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel (2011) distributed by Anchor Bay Films
 * Magic Trip (2011) distributed by Magnolia Pictures
 * The Imposter (2012) Film4 and Channel 4 presentation of a RAW Production in association with Red Box Films and Passion Pictures distributed by Indomina Releasing
 * Under African Skies (2012) Radical Media
 * The Last of Robin Hood (2013) Errol Flynn bio-film
 * Supermensch: The Legend of Shep Gordon (2013) distributed by RADiUS-TWC
 * Happy Valley (2014) Asylum Entertainment, Passion Pictures, distributed by Music Box Films
 * Lila & Eve (2015) distributed by Samuel Goldwyn Films, aired on Lifetime
 * Cartel Land (2015) distributed by The Orchard
 * Author: The JT Leroy Story (2016) distributed by Amazon Studios
 * Life, Animated (2016) distributed by The Orchard
 * City of Ghosts (2017)
 * Studio 54 (2018)
 * Meeting Gorbachev (2018) History 100; Spring Films and Werner Herzog Film, History Films
 * Watergate (2018) History 100; Representational Pictures, HISTORY Films
 * Divide and Conquer: The Story of Roger Ailes (2018) Impact Partners and produced by Jigsaw Productions in association with Baird Film, distributed by Magnolia Pictures
 * Learning to Skateboard in a Warzone (If You're a Girl) (2019)

History Films
History Films is a production company associated with the History channel and led by Molly Thompson as executive producer and head of documentary films for A+E Networks until January 2019.

 * Cave of Forgotten Dreams (2010)
 * National Lampoon: Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead (2015)
 * Meeting Gorbachev
 * No Place on Earth
 * The Unknown Known: The Life and Times of Donald Rumsfeld
 * Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead: The Story of the National Lampoon
 * Being Evel (2018)
 * Meeting Gorbachev (working title; 2018) History 100; Spring Films and Werner Herzog Film in association with A&E IndieFilms
 * Watergate (2018) History 100 series; Representational Pictures in association with A&E IndieFilms

A+E Networks International
A+E Networks International is the international division of A+E Networks, which handles international operations outside the U.S., mostly through joint ventures. A&E is an associate member of: the Caribbean Cable & Telecommunications Association and the Caribbean Cable Cooperative.

A+E Networks started AETN International by 1997 with A&E channel in Canada and Mexico and the History channel in the UK, Brazil, the Nordic and Baltic regions and in Canada. The History Channel UK was its first joint venture with British Sky Broadcasting. In 1997, A&E purchased a one-third stake in Mundo Olé.

AETN All Asia Networks was formed in April 2007 through a joint venture between A&E Television Networks and Malaysia's pay TV provider Astro Overseas Limited. AETN and Network 18 Group in August 2010 formed a joint venture (49/51%), AETN-18 India, which would first launch the History and Bio channels in India.

A&E International moved into France with a deal with Canal Plus Group for channel carriage in France on its CanalSat satellite platform in the second half of 2013 and A&E programs for Canal's D8 and D17 free-to-air channels. In July 2013, A+E Networks bought out Astro Overseas's stake in AETN All Asia Networks and renamed it to A+E Networks Asia. A&E Networks Italy was established in December 2013, launching the local version of Crime & Investigation, as well as buying out the Italian version of History from its local partner, Fox International Channels. A&E Networks UK launched the Blaze channel on 20 September 2016 as its first free-to-air channel.

Sean Cohan was promoted from head of international division to president of president, international and digital media, which add another division, digital media, for him to oversee in December 2015 as head of digital media & business development was promoted to president, corporate development, strategy and investments. In December 2016, the company appointed Patrick Vien and Edward Sabin as executive managing directors and co-heads of international reporting to Sean Cohan, A+E Networks' president of international and digital media. Vien oversaw Europe, the Middle East and Africa operations and programming acquisitions, sales and strategy for all non-US channels. Operations in Latin America, Canada, Asia, Australia and New Zealand would be overseen by Sabin along with global operations team and A&E formation production. Sabin was promoted from managing director of the Americas and head of commercial operations, while Vien left a post at Pulse Film.

On September 20, 2016, A&E Networks UK launched Blaze, a new free-to-air channel carrying programming aimed towards adult males. In May 2017, the company extended its distribution deal with Sky for the UK, Ireland, Italy, Germany, and Austria market (A+E Networks U.K., A+E Networks Germany, A+E Networks Italy) channels. A+E Networks Asia launched Its Korea country unit in October 2017 with two channels. As part of the contingency for approval Disney's acquisition of the vast majority of 21st Century Fox's assets, it agreed to sell the 50% of its operations and proposed Hearst as acquirer of 4 European entities representing A+E Networks' operations in Europe in order to avoid dominant conflict of interest by its resultant ownership of operating National Geographic Partners' assets in Europe. The plan was approved on January 28, 2019, 9 days after the globally announced closure of the transaction with Hearst assuming full ownership of all entities.

Vien was promoted to group managing director – International, A+E Networks in July 2019 with Sabin exiting the company. In October 2019, Twentieth Television executive Steve MacDonald was hired as president of its global content licensing and international division over Vien. In July 2019, a managing director, Asia which consolidates the Asia region again including Southeast Asia, Taiwan, Hong Kong and India.

The international division began a push into production in the late 2010s. With Element 8, A&E produced Miss Scarlet and the Duke, which was sold in December 2019 to Masterpiece (US), Alibi channel(UK), CBC (Canada), Seven Network (Australia) and RTL (Germany). A+E Networks International agreed in November 2019 to globally distribute its first Spanish-language series, Hernán, by Spain's Onza Entertainment and Dopamine, units of Grupo Salinas.

Availability

 * Blaze: Italy and United Kingdom
 * Crime & Investigation: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia, South Africa, United Kingdom
 * History: Arabia, Belgium (Flanders), Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Latin America
 * History 2: Arabia, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden
 * Lifetime: Poland, Latin America, South Africa
 * FYI: India
 * Sky History: Ireland and United Kingdom
 * Sky History 2: Ireland and United Kingdom

A+E Networks Australia
A+E Networks Australia launched on Thursday 16 February 2012. A&E is a male-skewed channel that focuses on 'real life' content, similar to that of its American counterpart.

A+E Networks Latin America
A+E Networks Latin America is a joint venture between A+E Networks International and Ole Communications.

In 1996, HBO Latin America Group and Venezuela's Olé Communications began a basic cable channel joint venture Mundo Olé in Mexico. The channel was launched in October 1996. In 1997, A&E purchased a one-third stake in Mundo Olé. With in a year, A&E was supplying 60% of the channel's shows. In 1998, Mundo began producing local Biography episodes. In 2000, the word Olé was dropped, causing Mundo Olé to become Mundo. The next year, Mundo was renamed to A&E Mundo but continued airing the Biography series. The channel was renamed once more as A&E in 2005. Back in 1992, History Latin America was launched as TVQuality. It continued to use that name until 2000, when it became The History Channel. From 2008, it is still History since then. In 2012, A&E Latin America opened an office in Brazil. The Biography Channel was launched in Latin America in 2007; however, when the US Bio. network became FYI in 2014, The Latin American network is now H2 since then. Lifetime Latin America was launched in July 2014 as a joint venture between A+E Networks Latin America and Sony Pictures Television with distribution by HBO Latin America Group. As of 2020, A+E Networks Latin America channels continue to be distributed across Latin America through Ole Distribution.

A+E Networks UK
A+E Networks UK is a joint venture between A&E Television Networks (UK) Ltd, in conjunction with BSkyB History Ltd, a unit of Sky owned by Comcast. A+E Networks UK continues to operate in Europe, as well as Africa. Their networks include Blaze (FTA), the European and African versions of Crime & Investigation, History, H2 and Lifetime. Most of the channels are available on BT, Sky, TalkTalk, and Virgin.

UK history
The History Channel UK began as a joint venture of A&E Networks (the company's first international JV) and British Sky Broadcasting to launch The History Channel UK on November 1, 1995, as a part-time channel broadcasting from 3 pm to 7 pm with plans to go full-time in 1996 or 1997 when its digital transponder was launched. The three original programs, "History Alive," "Our Century," and "Biography", were British hosted and tailored.

The joint venture expanded with the launching of Military History channel in July 2008. Soon thereafter, The History Channel was rebranded to History. Crime and Investigation and Bio launched in HD on Sky on 5 November 2008. The History Channel UK joint venture was renamed to AETN UK on July 2, 2009.

AETN UK joint venture, following the A&E post-Lifetime merger branding, was rebranded as A+E Networks UK on September 22, 2011. H2 channel was launched in the UK on May 4, 2013. A+E UK launched Lifetime for UK and Ireland market in November 2013. On September 20, 2016, A+E UK launched Blaze, its global free to air channel, in the British Isles, its first market, on Sky and Freeview.

A+E Networks UK with Netflix and Sky Vision Productions in April 2016 on I Am a Killer true crime 10-episode show for Crime + Investigation Network with a UK spring debut followed by Italy's and Poland's Crime + Investigation airing later in the year. Then the show would be available on Netflix. In February 2020, the company commissioned Lost Relics of the Knights Templar five part series from Fired Up Films of Belfast and Krempelwood of London and distributed by Entertainment One to aired in April 2020 on History in the U.K., Ireland, Sweden, the Netherlands and Belgium. As part of the contingency for approval Disney's acquisition of the vast majority of 21st Century Fox's assets, it agreed to sell the 50% of its operations and proposed Hearst as acquirer of 4 European entities representing A+E Networks' operations in Europe in order to avoid dominant conflict of interest by its resultant ownership of operating National Geographic Partners' assets in Europe. The plan was approved on January 28, 2019, 9 days after the globally announced closure of the transaction with Hearst assuming full ownership of AETN UK.

AETN UK launched two subscription video on demand channels in May 2019 and June 2019, History Play and Crime+Investigation Play, respectively. In May 2020, History and H2 were renamed Sky History and Sky History 2 respectively, to match Sky's two new channels (Sky Documentaries and Sky Nature) which launched at the same time.

A+E Networks Germany
A joint venture with NBCUniversal International from 2005 to 2017, the US parent company decided in June 2017 to take complete control of its German spin-off, based in Munich. A+E Networks Germany operates the two pay TV channels: History and A&E in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. The company also operated The Biography Channel Germany from 31 March 2007 until 22 September 2014 which was then replaced by A+E Germany. To gain regulatory approval of Disney's acquisition of most of 21st Century Fox's assets, it agreed to sell its 50% stake to Hearst. The plan was approved on January 28, 2019, 9 days after the globally announced closure of the transaction with Hearst assuming full ownership of The History Channel (Germany) GmbH &Co KG.

A+E Networks Italy
A+E Networks had launched History Channel in Italy as joint-venture with Fox International Channels. A&E has established a local office in December 2013 and has launched Crime and Investigation on December 16. The joint-venture with Fox was planned for buy out in early 2014. In March 2017 A+E Italy launched Blaze.

While, A&E Italy has been producing locally with some of them being picked up international, the company began producing or commissioning films with international potential being with its 2018 releases. The first of this group was Emanuela Orlandi/Vanished Special picked up by Sky in Italy, Germany's ZDF and Belgian public television RTBF and produced by B&B Film. As part of the contingency for approval Disney's acquisition of the vast majority of 21st Century Fox's assets, it agreed to sell the 50% of its operations and proposed Hearst as acquirer of 4 European entities representing A+E Networks' operations in Europe in order to avoid dominant conflict of interest by its resultant ownership of operating National Geographic Partners' assets in Europe. The plan was approved on January 28, 2019, 9 days after the globally announced closure of the transaction with Hearst assuming full ownership of A&E Television Networks Italy Srl.

The History Channel Iberia
The History Channel Iberia is a joint venture of A+E Networks and AMC Networks International Southern Europe, formerly Multicanal then Chello Multicanal.

A+E Networks has launched Canal de Historia in Spain and Portugal in 1996 in joint-venture with Multicanal. In 2005 was launched The Biography channel (later Bio), which was replaced by A&E on 2 October 2014., and later, on 18 April 2018 A&E was replaced by Blaze. Crime & Investigation Network was launched on 1 February 2011. As part of the contingency for approval Disney's acquisition of the vast majority of 21st Century Fox's assets, it agreed to sell the 50% of its operations and proposed Hearst as acquirer of 4 European entities representing A+E Networks' operations in Europe in order to avoid dominant conflict of interest by its resultant ownership of operating National Geographic Partners' assets in Europe. The plan was approved on January 28, 2019, 9 days after the globally announced closure of the transaction with Hearst assuming full ownership of The History Channel, Iberia SL (Spain).

A+E Networks Asia
A+E Networks Asia is the Southeast Asia and Australia branch of A+E Networks International operating six channels and is headquartered in Singapore with an additional operation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

AETN All Asia Networks (AAAN) was formed in April 2007 through a joint venture between A&E Television Networks and Malaysia's pay TV provider Astro Overseas Limited to serve in the Southeast Asian, Hong Kong and Taiwanese markets. History and Crime & Investigation Network were launched in Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Brunei on June 15, 2007, with the History Channel only in Thailand. A December launch was expected for the Philippines. In 2008, AAAN planned to launch the Biography Channel.

In 2009, AETN Asia Networks struck a US$800,000 co-production deal with the National Film Development Corporation of Malaysia to co-produce programs to be featured across its channels. It has recently hired SPE Networks as a regional ad sales representative across the South East Asian region.

In the late first half of 2013, All Asia Networks launched Lifetime and H2. In July, A+E Networks bought out Astro Overseas's stake in AETN All Asia Networks and renamed it to A+E Networks Asia. Its Korea country unit was launched in October 2017 with two channels, History and Lifetime, under general manager Youngsun Soh.

With Alan Hodges leaving as managing director of Asia-Pacific, the unit was split into Southeast Asia & Australia and North Asia (Korea, Japan and China) in May 2018. The managing director for Southeast Asia and Australia appointed was Leena Singarajah from Scripps Network. The managing director for North Asia appointed was Saugato Banerjee.

Saugato Banerjee was named in July 2019 as managing director, Asia which consolidates the Asia region including Southeast Asia, Taiwan, Hong Kong and India under him.

A+E Networks India
Formerly known as AETN-18 India, a joint venture between Network 18 Group, A+E Networks India is the Indian branch of A+E Networks Asia that operates around South Asia.

A+E Networks Home Entertainment
A+E Networks Home Entertainment is the home entertainment division of A+E Networks. It creates and distributes content from A+E Networks' channels included A&E, Biography & History branded products. It also distributes content it has acquired the rights to including hit American television series, British comedies, cult TV and sports programming.

title: A&E Networks


text:
EMD F45

The EMD F45 is a C-C cowled diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between 1968 and 1971. Power was provided by an EMD 645E3 20-cylinder engine which generated 3600 hp.

Design
After sponsoring the development of the FP45 passenger locomotive, the Santa Fe requested a similar freight locomotive from Electro-Motive. Where the FP45 was an SDP45 wrapped in a full-width cowl carbody, the new F45 was essentially an SD45 given the same treatment.

Where the Santa Fe requested a full-width carbody for aesthetics, the Great Northern saw an opportunity to protect crews from the dangers of winter operation in northern climates.

Original owners
The Santa Fe ordered two lots of twenty each, for 1968 delivery. The FP45s were delivered in Santa Fe's red, yellow and silver warbonnet colors, the forty F45s came in the blue and yellow freight colors. The second order of F45s were equipped with steam lines so that they could be used as trailing units on passenger consists.

Great Northern (GN) ordered an initial lot of six, for 1969 delivery. These were numbered immediately following a previous lot of SD45s. Another lot of eight was ordered before the first six arrived.

GN ordered twelve more for 1970 delivery - they were to be numbered 441-452 - but the GN merged into the Burlington Northern (BN) prior to delivery, so they arrived with BN numbers and paint.

BN followed with a final order for twenty in 1971. Afterwards they returned to ordering SD45s. This final order differed in several small ways from the GN specs.

Rebuilds
In 1982 and 1983, Santa Fe's San Bernardino shops rebuilt F45s 5900-5939. They emerged as 5950-5989, were painted in a blue and yellow version of the warbonnet, and were redesignated SDF45s. Electrically they were upgraded to SD45-2 standards. Mechanically, they were re-geared from 59:18 to 60:17, reducing their top speed from 89 to 83 mph. In the mid 1980s Santa Fe again re-geared them - this time to 62:15 for 71 mph.

MotivePower used ex-ATSF 5989 as an EPA Tier-I emissions test bed in 2002. Metra in Chicago had ordered 27 MP36PH-3 passenger locomotives for commuter service. To test their emissions, 5989's 20-645-E3 was replaced with the MP36PH-3's 16-645-F3B and cooling system, and its traction motors removed.

GN 438, later BN 6611, became a load-test box at the Alstom shop in Montreal.

Morrison-Knudsen used the cowls from several scrapped BN F45s to rebuild eleven GP40s into GP40FH-2 locomotives for New Jersey Transit. 4130-4139 were completed in 1987, and 4141 in 1989 (New cowls were fabricated for 4140 and 4142-4144). M-K also used both cowls and cabs from scrapped BN F45s, to construct five F40PHL-2 locomotives on GP40 frames. They are Tri-Rail 801-805, completed in 1988.

Preservation
Former Santa Fe #5960 was purchased by Revelstoke Limited LLC in June 2008. It was set to be scrapped but instead was restored externally as Great Northern 441 (GN's last F45 was 440). It has been converted to a Luxury Locomotive Lodge at the Izaak Walton Inn at Essex, Montana. It arrived at Essex on August 26, 2009, and became available for lodging in January 2010. The interior can sleep up to four people and includes a living room, kitchen, master bedroom and bath. The cab has been restored to the current BNSF Railway specification for new and re-manufactured locomotives. It is the only locomotive in the world that has been converted to luxury living space available for rent.

Dynamic Railway Preservation was raising money to acquire and restore Montana Rail Link F45 #390, formerly Burlington Northern #6644. The project ended in 2014 when the locomotive was eventually sold to another private owner, and the money that was raised was used to restore SDP40F #644. It currently remains stored in a rail yard in Airway Heights, Washington.

Former Santa Fe #5989 was used as a test bed by MotivePower Inc. until 2021. It is set to be restored to the "Kodachrome" scheme, with the hope that it will be eventually sent to a museum.

title: EMD F45