text:
David Einhorn (rabbi)

David Einhorn (November 10, 1809 – November 2, 1879) was a German rabbi and leader of Reform Judaism in the United States. In 1855, he became the first rabbi of the Har Sinai Congregation in Baltimore, the oldest Jewish-American congregation affiliated with the Reform movement since its inception. While there, he created an early American prayer book for the congregation that became one of the progenitors of the 1894 Union Prayer Book.

Writing and preaching in German, rabbi Einhorn denounced slavery as a moral evil, rebutting the pro-slavery theology of rabbi Morris Jacob Raphall. In April 1861, after preaching a sermon against slavery, Einhorn was driven out of Baltimore by a pro-slavery mob. He fled to Philadelphia and became rabbi of Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel. In 1866 he moved to New York City, where he became rabbi of Congregation Adath Israel.

Early years
He was born in Diespeck, Kingdom of Bavaria, on November 10, 1809, to Maier and Karoline Einhorn. He studied at the yeshiva in Fürth where he excelled, earning his rabbinical diploma at age 17. Einhorn then studied at the universities of Erlangen, Munich and Würzburg from 1828 to 1834, supported by his mother following the death of his father. In 1844 he married Julia Henriette Ochs, and the couple had four children.

Beliefs
Supporting the principles of Abraham Geiger, Einhorn favored presenting Hebrew prayers in vernacular German, and eliminating prayers to restore the Jewish state and Temple in Jerusalem; yet he insisted on emphasizing messianistic hope. He argued for those views at the rabbinical conference in Frankfurt in 1845. “The collapse of Israel’s political independence was once regarded as a misfortune,” observed Einhorn. “But it really represented progress: not atrophy, but an elevation of religion. Henceforth, Israel came closer to its destiny. Holy devotion replaced sacrifices. Israel was to bear the word of God to all the corners of the earth.”

Einhorn was chosen Landesrabbiner of the Birkenfeld at Hoppstädten, and afterward Landesrabbiner of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1847, succeeding Rabbi Samuel Holdheim, whose views were a major influence on Einhorn. An incident in which he blessed an uncircumcised boy, which upset many of his more traditional congregants, led to his departure from Germany. He was called to Pest, Hungary, in 1851, where his views met with such opposition that the Emperor of Austria ordered his temple closed only two months after his arrival. The Emperor saw a connection between the Jewish reform movement and the Revolutions of 1848.

Emigration
Einhorn emigrated to the United States and was named on September 29, 1855, as the first rabbi of the Har Sinai Congregation in Baltimore. In that role, Einhorn formulated the Olat Tamid siddur for use in services, which became one of the models for the Union Prayer Book published in 1894 by the Central Conference of American Rabbis. Olat Tamid contrasted with Isaac Mayer Wise's Minhag America in particular by removing references to the status of Jews as a chosen people and eliminating references to the restoration of sacrificial services in the Temple.

Reform Judaism
Einhorn was an opponent of the Cleveland Conference of 1855 and its decision that the Talmud had primacy in interpreting the Torah. In this stand, Einhorn stood in contrast to Rabbi Wise's efforts to find language that could accommodate the various strands of Judaism in the United States, arguing that such efforts betrayed the progress of reform. In 1856, he started publishing a German-language monthly magazine, Sinai, devoted to radical Jewish reform, which he also used as a platform for his antislavery pronouncements, which led to the magazine's failure in early 1863. Einhorn remained an opponent of interfaith marriage, arguing in Sinai  that such practices were "a nail in the coffin of the small Jewish race", though he opposed the retention of practices such as the wearing of phylacteries, the limitations on activity prohibited on the Sabbath, and kosher dietary laws, all of which he viewed as outmoded. Only those portions of the Torah that derived from a moral foundation were to be retained. He became the acknowledged leader of Reform Judaism in America, and in 1858 he published a revised prayer book, which formed the model for later revisions.

Denunciation of slavery
In 1861, Einhorn rebutted a sermon by rabbi Morris Jacob Raphall that supported the existence of slavery. “Is slavery a moral evil or not?” wrote Einhorn in Sinai. “…It took Dr. Raphall, a Jewish preacher, to concoct the deplorable farce in the name of divine authority, to proclaim the justification, the moral blamelessness of servitude, and to lay down the law to Christian preachers of opposite convictions. The Jew, a descendant of the race that offers daily praises to God for deliverance out of the house of bondage in Egypt, and even today suffers under the yoke of slavery in most places of the old world…undertook to designate slavery as a perfectly sinless institution, sanctioned by God!”

Rabbi Einhorn passionately denounced slavery in the face of many of his congregants and colleagues who supported slavery in what was then a slave state, Maryland. In his sermon titled “War on Amalek”, based on Exodus 17, Einhorn declared: “We are told that this crime [slavery] rests upon a historical right!...Slavery is an institution sanctioned by the Bible, hence war against it is war against, and not for, God! It has ever been a strategy of the advocate of a bad cause to take refuge from the spirit of the Bible to its letter.” A riot broke out in response to his sermon on April 19, 1861, in which the mob sought to tar and feather the rabbi. Einhorn fled to Philadelphia where he became spiritual leader of Congregation Keneseth Israel.

Retirement
In 1866 he moved to New York City, where he became the inaugural rabbi of Congregation Adas Jeshurun on 39th Street, which merged with Congregation Ansche Chesed in 1873, adopted the new name Congregation Beth-El, and built a new structure on 63rd Street. Einhorn retained the position as spiritual leader of the merged synagogue, delivering his final sermon on July 12, 1879, after which the congregation agreed to bestow upon him a pension of $3,500 (~$ in ). Upon his retirement, Einhorn was recognized across denominations by his fellow rabbis; at a farewell ceremony held at his apartment (at his request, because of his health ) he was presented with a resolution adopted at the convention of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, that recognized Einhorn for his rabbinic service, noting the "ability and character which have marked his career, and the earnestness, honesty and zeal which have animated the heart of a man whom we proudly recognize as one of Israel's purest champions and noblest teachers." He died four months later.

Death
Einhorn died of old age on November 2, 1879, at his home on East 64th Street. He was 69, and had become increasingly feeble and unable to leave his room. His funeral was held before a packed house at Beth-El on November 6, 1879, where his plain coffin was carried into the synagogue by 12 pallbearers and placed before the pulpit. Attending were such rabbinic notables as Richard James Horatio Gottheil of Congregation Emanu-El, Einhorn's son-in-law and successor Kaufmann Kohler of Beth-El, another son-in-law, Emil G. Hirsch, of Louisville, Kentucky, along with representatives of the congregations he served in Baltimore and Philadelphia. He was buried at Machpelah Cemetery, near the Jackie Robinson Parkway.

title: David Einhorn (rabbi)


text: User talk:71.108.115.196

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:71.108.115.196


text:
Compton Unified School District

Compton Unified School District is a school district headquartered in Compton, California, United States.

The district serves almost all of Compton, all of East Rancho Dominguez, most of Willowbrook CDP, portions of Carson, Lynwood, West Rancho Dominguez CDP, and a small sliver of Paramount.

History
In 1993 the State of California offered to loan the school district $20 million in exchange for temporary control of the school district; the rationale for wanting to take control included both financial problems and poor academic performance, making Compton USD the only California school district to ever have a takeover for both reasons. The state had complete control over the school district. Test scores had a modest increase as a result. In 1997 Jeff Leeds of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the physical conditions of the campuses had deteriorated since the takeover. Delaine Eastin, the California State Superintendent of Public Instruction, decided not to close the school district despite receiving requests to do so. By 1997 Compton USD began to repay the loan.

Continuation schools

 * Cesar Chavez Continuation High School (Unincorporated area)

High schools
Zoned Alternative
 * Centennial High School (Compton)
 * Compton High School (Compton)
 * Manuel Dominguez High School (Compton)
 * Compton Early College High School (Compton)
 * Compton Community Day High School (Unincorporated area)

Middle schools
Zoned Alternative
 * Ralph J. Bunche Middle School (Unincorporated area)
 * Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. Middle School (Compton)
 * Enterprise Middle School (Compton)
 * Franklin D. Roosevelt Middle School (Compton)
 * Frank L. Walton Middle School (Compton)
 * Franklin S. Whaley Middle School (Unincorporated area)
 * Willowbrook Middle School (Compton)
 * Compton Community Day Middle School (Unincorporated area)

Primary schools
Zoned, K-5 Zoned, 3-5
 * Ralph Bunche Elementary School (Carson)
 * Charles W. Bursch Elementary School (Compton)
 * George Washington Carver Elementary School (Unincorporated area)
 * William Jefferson Clinton Elementary School (Paramount)
 * Clarence A. Dickison Elementary School (Compton)
 * Ralph Waldo Emerson Elementary School (Compton)
 * Stephen C. Foster Elementary School (Compton)
 * Jefferson Elementary School (Unincorporated area)
 * Colin P. Kelly Elementary School (Compton)
 * Robert F. Kennedy Elementary School (Compton)
 * Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary School (Unincorporated area)
 * Laurel Street Elementary School (Compton)
 * Henry Longfellow Elementary School (Compton)
 * Augusta A. Mayo Elementary School (Compton)
 * McKinley Elementary School (Unincorporated area)
 * Ronald E. McNair Elementary School (Compton)
 * Theodore Roosevelt Elementary School (Compton)
 * General Rosecrans Elementary School (Compton)
 * Ardella B. Tibby Elementary School (Compton)
 * George Washington Elementary School (Unincorporated area)
 * Augusta A. Mayo Elementary School (Compton)

title: Compton Unified School District


text:
User talk:Red Winged Duck

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Kingturtle 01:24, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Red Winged Duck


text:
Talk:Ai Yori Aoshi Enishi

Should this be merged with Ai Yori Aoshi? I don't really see too much of a reason to have this as a separate article. However, if others add enough content to it, perhaps it can stand on its on. I don't really have any idea on how to integrate it into Ai Yori Aoshi's article though, so if someone can do it without disrupting the original article, it would be great. -Js2756 01:24, May 28, 2005 (UTC)

Eh?
Tina decides to return to the United States and she also indicates to Kaoru and Aoi that she knows of their relationship which they had been keeping secret from everyone else.

Are you sure this isn't something that happened in the manga? I own the entire Enishi anime series, and I know that Tina goes home—but only for a short while, before deciding to return to Japan. As far as I know, she doesn't mention anything Kaoru and Aoi either.PiccoloNamek 06:48, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

 * It's partially up to interpretation, but in the very last episode she is speaking to Kaoru and Aoi about why she returned and she mentions that her being there would be troublesome for the two of them. -Js2756 16:48, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Why have seperate articles?
Why do we need to have a seperate article for Ai Yori Aoshi and Ai Yori Aoshi Enishi? They're the same series (just different seasons) and the only other difference, really, is that Enishi was aired on a seperate TV station. Therefore I'm proposing that Ai Yori Aoshi Enishi be merged into the main Ai Yori Aoshi article, and leave a redirect at Enishi to AYA. FleetAdmiralJ 19:52, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ai Yori Aoshi Enishi


text:
Talk:Watching Rainbows

Untitled
The song is confirmed to exist, as it has shown up in books about the Get Back sessions. In fact, here's an article about it:

http://www.beatles-discography.com/w.html#watchingrainbows

 * Is this really worthy of a Wikipedia article?! I'd be inclined to say 'no'. --kingboyk 01:07, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd be inclined to say yes :) --Daniel11 11:09, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Copright?
Aren't these lyrics copyrighted?

Assessment comment
Substituted at 10:17, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Watching Rainbows


text:
So Young (Suede song)

"So Young" is a song by English rock band Suede, released on 17 May 1993 through Nude Records as the fourth and final single from their self-titled debut album (1993). It charted at number 22 on the UK Singles Chart. "So Young" was a last-minute addition to the album. It was written just three months ahead of its release, in contrast to the bulk of the album, which had been demoed almost a year previously.

The music video for the single was directed by David Lewis and Andy Crabb, who later went on to direct a series of backdrop films for Suede as well as the live tour film Introducing The Band and features children from the Kent coastal town of Whitstable. Originally intended to have no footage of the band members, a shoot was later arranged at the instigation of the record company who insisted that the band appear.

Track listings
All songs were written by Brett Anderson and Bernard Butler.

 * 7-inch vinyl, cassette
 * 1) "So Young"
 * 2) "High Rising"

 * 12-inch vinyl, CD
 * 1) "So Young"
 * 2) "Dolly"
 * 3) "High Rising"

title: So Young (Suede song)


text:
User talk:Pseudomancer

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Pseudomancer


text:
User talk:Anson2995

rose's military service
i found info on rose's military service and added it to the Pete Rose article, if you're interested in reading it. Kingturtle 17:51, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

Re:Help

 * See User:Interiot/Tool2.— G . H e  00:14, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
 * It won't work with Internet Explorer, though.— G . H e  00:18, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

 *

TWIB
I read it that you were saying the show stopped altogether in 1998, which was not true, in fact I think Ozzie was the host in 1998. The show was produced as recently as 2005, although it may be that it's been discontinued this year. Maybe you could address that question also. Wahkeenah 17:01, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

"Daniel J. Arby"
Thank you for your research determining that this article was a hoax. I saw it on the "proposed deletion" list, agreed with your findings, and have speedy-deleted it. (Normally "hoax" isn't a speedy-deletion rationale as some seeming hoaxes turn out to be genuine, but I wasn't concerned that might happen in this instance.) Regards, Newyorkbrad 02:27, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

The Shining
Thanks for putting back in the ages of the girls based on the second scene (the interview with Ulmann) on the page for this film. I did not get a chance to pull it off the shelf this weekend. One question though. Are the current ages given correct? I pulled them out when an editor changed them without leaving an edit summary so I wonder which version is correct. If you don't have time to double check this I will still try to get to review it before the week is over, but if you know for sure which ones are right and could leave me a message it would save me some time. Thanks again and happy editing. MarnetteD | Talk 20:47, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for taking the time to check the film and leave me a note about it. It is much appreciated :-) MarnetteD | Talk 04:05, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Jim Hanifan
Greetings. I'm afraid Wikipedia cannot accept non-free portraits of living people. That's why the picture of Jim Hanifan had to be deleted. See Image use policy for more info. All the best, – Quadell (talk) (random) 01:50, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Lott / Woods
Hey man, nice to see someone actually had the balls to call out the Ronnie Lott/Ickey Woods myth. You should write a book about how Lott is/was one of the most overrated athletes of the 20th century. I can supply you with plenty of material if you'd like.

taberjordan@hotmail.com

Colts Coaching Template
I was just going off of a Wikipedia policy, it's not a big deal. Whatever you wish to do is fine with me. :) HoosierStateTalk 18:49, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

Re: Brother Wease
I saw your post over at Wikipedia talk:Long term abuse and have blocked all the block-evading sockpuppets of User:Mosslandingpowerplant. I have also semi-protected the article for a week. I'll also keep an eye on the article.

Some useful pages for you to familiarize yourself with, in case this issue recurs in the future - Administrator intervention against vandalism, Sockpuppet investigations, Requests for page protection. --Kurt Shaped Box (talk) 11:15, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Jim Laughead

The article Jim Laughead has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Unremarkable person

 * Thanks for jumping in with your proposal two minutes after I created the article. I'll work on making it better. Anson2995 (talk) 02:28, 5 March 2010 (UTC)

File:Richard jadick newsweek cover.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Richard jadick newsweek cover.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Damiens .rf 14:21, 3 January 2011 (UTC)

User:Anson2995/projects/List of people from Woodstock, New York
I was wondering if you had any plans to keep working on User:Anson2995/projects/List of people from Woodstock, New York or move it into the article space as is. (perhaps as Residents of Woodstock, New York) The Woodstock, New York list of notable people is still insane, and your list would be a good solution (even if it needed some additional work once in the article space). If nothing else, I was going to split out the list, but I figured it would be a shame to let the work you did on your much more detailed and referenced list go to waste if it can be avoided. Monty 845 (talk) 19:42, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

File:Holleder.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Holleder.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Damiens .rf 19:27, 26 May 2011 (UTC)

thanks
Thanks for your help improving the article. Rochester1951 (talk) 20:40, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

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Nomination of Roger Treat for deletion
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Adult puppeteering

Adult puppeteering is the use of puppets in contexts aimed at adult audiences. Serious theatrical pieces can use puppets, either for aesthetic reasons, or to achieve special effects that would otherwise be impossible with human actors. In parts of the world where puppet shows have traditionally been children's entertainment, many find the notion of puppets in decidedly adult situations—for example, involving drugs, sex, profanity, or violence—to be humorous, because of the bizarre contrast it creates between subject matter and characters.

Adult puppeteering appears in many forms. In the US and UK it is more easily found on screen. Television satire such as the UK's Spitting Image provides a strong link to the earlier traditions of Punch and Judy or Commedia dell'Arte as sources of social and political commentary. Puppetry sitcoms such as the US series Dinosaurs feature puppet characters who are entertaining in themselves, not as satirical figures. Adult puppet theatre has a strong tradition in Asia and parts of Europe, and has a smaller presence in Australia, the UK and the US. Handspan Theatre from Melbourne, Australia, toured internationally with its innovative and often surreal adult productions.

Puppeteers and companies that perform for adult audiences

 * Richard Bradshaw
 * The Bread & Puppet Theater
 * Ronnie Burkett
 * Nina Conti
 * Jeff Dunham
 * Ed the Sock
 * Jim Henson
 * In the Heart of the Beast Puppet and Mask Theater
 * Sergey Obraztsov
 * Otto Petersen
 * Paul Zaloom
 * Nikolai Zykov
 * Randy Feltface
 * Thalias Kompagnons
 * Manual Cinema

Television programmes

 * Sam and Friends (1955–61) - WRC-TV
 * The Muppet Show (1976-1981) - ITV (UK), Syndication (US)
 * Spitting Image (1984–96, 2020) - ITV (1984–96), Britbox (2020)
 * Rubbery Figures (1984–90) - ABC Australia, Seven Network
 * D.C. Follies (1987–89)
 * Les Guignols de l'Info (1988–2018) - Canal+ France
 * Mystery Science Theater 3000 (1988–99, 2017)- KTMA-TV, Comedy Central, Syfy, Netflix
 * The Jim Henson Hour (1989) - NBC
 * Dinosaurs (1991–94) - ABC
 * Muppets Tonight (1996-1998) - ABC (1996), Disney Channel (1997-1998)
 * Aliens in the Family (1996) - ABC
 * Lost on Earth (1997) - USA Network
 * Triumph the Insult Comic Dog (1997) on Late Night with Conan O'Brien - NBC
 * Sifl and Olly (1997–99) - MTV
 * A Scare at Bedtime (1997–2005) - RTÉ
 * The Man Show (1999) episodes - puppet porn - Comedy Central
 * Farscape (1999–2002) - Sci-Fi Channel
 * TV Funhouse spin-off series (2000–01) - Comedy Central
 * Greg the Bunny (2000–02, 2005) - Manhattan Neighborhood Network, IFC, Fox
 * Internet Slutts - Wally & Murk (2000–01) - The Comedy Network
 * Puppets Who Kill (2002–06) - The Comedy Network
 * Crank Yankers (2002–07) - Comedy Central, MTV2
 * Chappelle's Show (2003) episode - STD puppets
 * The Bronx Bunny Show (2003/07) - Channel 4, Starz!
 * "Smile Time", an episode of Angel (2004) - The WB
 * Wonder Showzen (2005) - MTV
 * Live Hot Puppet Chat (2005) - SRTV
 * Las noticias del guiñol - Canal+ Spain
 * Le Bébête Show (1983–95) - TF1 France
 * Polskie Zoo (1991–93) - TVP 1 Poland
 * 'Куклы' (1994-2002) - NTV Russia
 * Ed's Night Party (1995-2010) - Citytv Canada
 * The Sockets (1998-2001, 2003-2008, 2009- present)
 * Fur TV (2008) - MTV
 * The Podge and Rodge Show (2006–2009)- RTÉ
 * Mr. Meaty (2006-2009) - Nickelodeon, CBC Television
 * Me and My Monsters (2010-2011) - Network Ten, CBBC, Nickelodeon
 * Monster Warriors (2006-2008) - YTV, Jetix
 * Mongrels (2010) - BBC Three - UK
 * Warren the Ape (2010) - MTV
 * Apollo's Pad (2011)
 * Don't Hug Me I'm Scared (2011-2016, 2022) - YouTube, Channel 4
 * Crash & Bernstein (2012-2014) - Disney Channel, Disney XD
 * The Muppets (2015-2016) - ABC
 * Newzoids (2015–16) - ITV
 * The Gorburger Show (2017) - Comedy Central
 * The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance (2019) - Netflix
 * Smiling Friends (Puppet Version) (2024) - Adult Swim

Films

 * Let My Puppets Come (1976) US
 * The Dark Crystal (1982) US
 * Gremlins (1984) US
 * The Pied Piper (1985) Czechoslovakia
 * Ghoulies (1985) US
 * Short Circuit (1986) US
 * Labyrinth (1986) US
 * Short Circuit 2 (1988) US
 * Meet the Feebles (1989) NZ
 * Puppet Master (1989) US
 * Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990) US
 * Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie (1996) US
 * Being John Malkovich (1999) US
 * Little Nicky (2000) US
 * Team America: World Police (2004) US
 * Strings (2004) Denmark/Sweden/Norway/UK
 * Live Freaky! Die Freaky! (2004) US
 * Demon Days Live (2006) UK
 * Dante's Inferno (2007) US
 * The Sockets Movie (2011)
 * The Fuzz (2014)
 * The Sockets Movie: The One in Space (2017)
 * The Happytime Murders (2018)
 * Frank & Zed (2020)
 * Abruptio (2023)
 * Strays (2023)
 * We R Animals (TBA)

Live performance

 * Les Poupées de Paris (1957) by the Kroffts
 * Puppetry of the Penis (1997–2005) Australia
 * Cabaret of Metamorphoses (2000–present) of Nikolai Zykov
 * Avenue Q (2003–Present)
 * Otto & George (ventriloquist and dummy)
 * Jim Henson's Puppet Up Uncensored (2006–present)
 * Tommy Murphy's Holding the Man, a play aimed at an adult audience features some puppetry
 * New Animation (2012–present) of Nikolai Zykov

title: Adult puppeteering


text:
Ragen's Colts

Ragen's Colts was a chiefly Irish street gang which dominated the Chicago underworld during the early twentieth century. By the late 1920s and early 1930s, the gang became part of the Chicago Outfit under Al Capone.

Originally established as an athletic club, the Ragen's Athletic and Benevolent Association was soon led by team pitcher Frank Ragen. He hired out members of the club to Chicago Democrat politicians to do various forms of election fraud.

The gang quickly expanded, numbering 160 members by 1902 and 2,000 by 1908. It earned the motto "Hit Me and You Hit 2,000". By the end of the decade, the gang had financed the careers of hundreds of Chicago city officials, including prominent aldermen, police chiefs, and city treasurers, as well as Ragen himself. Ragen became Chicago police commissioner. By 1920, many members of the gang had become notorious criminals and gunmen, such as William "Gunner" McPadden, Harry Madigan, Joseph "Dynamite" Brooks, Danny McFall, Hughey "Stubby" McGovern, Davy "Yiddles" Miller and Ralph Sheldon of the Sheldon Gang.

The years after World War I were a time of increased social tension, as returning veterans competed with more recent immigrants and newer African American migrants from the South for jobs and housing. In several cities, such tensions erupted in rioting, often instigated by one of slightly older, more established groups to restore dominance over a newer group, often a minority. The Irish and African Americans were both concentrated in housing on the South Side and in jobs at the stockyards located on that side of the city.

The Ragen gang were believed to instigate fights between black and other South Side neighborhoods that contributed to the Chicago race riot of 1919. In one instance, the Colts donned blackface and set fire to Lithuanian and Polish homes in the Back of the Yards neighborhood in a deliberate attempt to incite the immigrant community to join them in committing heinous acts against African Americans. The Ragen gang led raids from Irish neighborhoods into the Black Belt, where they looted homes and killed several people. Blacks retaliated by attacking other South Side neighborhoods. As news of the attacks spread, other neighborhoods around the city began rioting. Violence lasted four days and resulted in 38 deaths: 23 black and 15 white, and more than 1,000 injured.

The Ragen Colts also directed their anger at the Ku Klux Klan for its anti-Catholicism. In 1921, "In September, 3,000 people from the stockyards district (of Chicago) watched as the Colts hanged in effigy 'a white-sheeted Klansman'." (Tuttle)

During Prohibition, the gang soon began bootlegging. Member Ralph Sheldon formed his own group and began hijacking rival liquor shipments. While the gang came into conflict with the Chicago Outfit during the bootleg wars, Capone, impressed with the gang, hired them as enforcers for the organization. The Irish Ragen gang were eventually absorbed into the organization following the establishment of the National Crime Syndicate in 1932. Many members would later become top leaders of the Chicago crime syndicate.

In 1920 several members of Ragen's Colts split off to form the NFL football team the Chicago Maroons, later known as the Chicago Cardinals.

title: Ragen's Colts


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Easton Press

Easton Press, a division of MBI, Inc., based in Norwalk, Connecticut, is a publisher specializing in premium leather-bound books. In addition to canonical classics, religion, poetry and art books, they publish a selection of science fiction and popular literature.

Some of Easton Press's products are arranged in monthly subscription series.

Because Easton Press purchased Heritage Press and Heritage Press published less expensive editions of books published by The Limited Editions Club, the interior printed content of all three is usually identical. Vintage Limited Editions Club books are in some cases valuable. Vintage Heritage Press offers same content at low prices. And Easton Press the identical contents but with premium quality paper, ribbon markers, high quality leatherbound exteriors and 22K gold exterior decorations.

Style
The Easton Press uses a number of elements of older publishing and book-binding styles, including gilt edges, raised bands on the spine, and ribbon markers. It commissions illustrations for its editions, including from prominent illustrators like Arthur Szyk, David Gentleman and Chris Van Allsburg, who illustrated its editions of C.S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia.

Book series
Over the years The Easton Press has published a number of book series including The Greatest Books Ever Written, Masterpieces of American Literature, The Library of American Presidents (also known as: The Library of the Presidents), The Library of American History, Roger Tory Peterson Field Guides, Library of Fly-Fishing Classics, Signed Modern Classics, and The Masterpieces of Science Fiction.

title: Easton Press


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Pileus (meteorology)

A pileus, also called scarf cloud or cap cloud, is a small, horizontal, lenticular cloud appearing above a cumulus or cumulonimbus cloud. Pileus clouds are often short-lived, appearing for typically only a few minutes, with the main cloud beneath them rising through convection to absorb them. Furthermore, the clouds are typically formed by drier air with a higher lifting condensation level, which often prevents vertical growth and leads to the smooth horizontal cap shape that the cloud is named for.

They are formed by strong updraft at lower altitudes, acting upon moist air above, causing the air to cool to its dew point as it rises. As such, they are usually indicators of severe weather, and a pileus found atop a cumulus cloud often foreshadows transformation into a cumulonimbus cloud, as it indicates a strong updraft within the cloud.

Pilei can also form above mountains, ash clouds, and pyrocumulus clouds from erupting volcanoes. Pilei form above some mushroom clouds of high-yield nuclear detonations.

Appearance
Though the pileus cloud does not tend to grow vertically, sometimes several pileus clouds are observed above each other. The bright iridescent colors seen in pileus are sunlight diffracted in water vapor. Iridescent colors are strongest when the diffracting droplets are small and similar in size. The newly formed pileus droplet all of similar provenance are ideal for iridescence.

Variants
When sheet of altostratus cloud is seen lower down and skirting a cumulonimbus cloud, it is classified as a velum cloud.

Forecast
Pileus clouds indicate the parent cloud is growing rapidly, has plenty of moisture, and is highly unstable. This means the parent cloud could quickly grow to become a cumulonimbus cloud and continue to grow into a cumulonimbus incus cloud.

title: Pileus (meteorology)


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AFC East

The American Football Conference – Eastern Division or AFC East is one of the four divisions of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). There are currently four teams that reside in the division: the Buffalo Bills, the Miami Dolphins, the New England Patriots, and the New York Jets. All four members of the AFC East were previously members of the Eastern Division of the American Football League (AFL).

Both perfect regular seasons in professional football since the adoption of a 14-game schedule in the inaugural AFL season and by the NFL in 1961 have been achieved by teams in this division – the 1972 Dolphins, who completed the only perfect season in professional football at 17–0, and the 2007 Patriots, who finished 18–1 after losing Super Bowl XLII. Since the division's enfranchisement in 1960, with the creation of the AFL, the division has been represented in 22 Super Bowls and won 11 of them. The most recent appearance in the Super Bowl by an AFC East team was the Patriots victory in Super Bowl LIII. Among the current teams, they have a total of nine Super Bowl titles: six for the Patriots, two for the Dolphins, and one for the Jets.

The current champions of the AFC East are the Bills, who won 4 consecutive division titles in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023. Previously, the Patriots had won eleven consecutively from 2009 through 2019. The Patriots have won the most AFL/AFC East titles, at 22; followed by the Dolphins at 14(who also had the best record in the East during the strike shortened 82 season when divisions were scrapped for a seeded playoffs) and the Bills at 15. The Jets have won four. Two teams formerly in the division combined for ten AFL/AFC East titles – the Houston Oilers (now the Tennessee Titans) won four division titles (and the 1960 and 1961 AFL titles) during the AFL era while the Baltimore–Indianapolis Colts won six division titles (and Super Bowl V) in the 32 seasons they were in the division.

The AFC East teams have won 26 AFL or AFC championships: including 11 by the Patriots, 6 by the Bills, and 5 by the Dolphins. The now-Titans won 2, followed by 1 each by the Jets and Colts.

AFL Eastern Division
The American Football League Eastern Division was formed during the inaugural season of the American Football League in 1960, as a counterpart to the AFL Western Division. The divisional alignment consisted of the Buffalo Bills, Boston Patriots, New York Titans and Houston Oilers. The Miami Dolphins entered the AFL in 1966 as part of its Eastern division.

The division was absorbed nearly intact with the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, but Houston was moved to the AFC Central (formerly the NFL Century Division, now the AFC North) and replaced by the closer Baltimore Colts (from the NFL Coastal Division, which became the NFC West). Despite relocating to Indianapolis, Indiana in 1984, the Colts continued to play in the AFC East until NFL expansion from 31 to 32 teams with the addition of the Houston Texans (successor club in Houston to the Oilers) and 2002 re-alignment when they were moved to the AFC South (the successor franchise to the Oilers, the Tennessee Titans, is also in the AFC South).

Although Miami is farther south than the home cities of the other three teams, all of which are in the Northeast, all four AFC East teams have historical rivalries among them, dating from their years in the AFL during the 1960s. All four teams in this division are based in the Eastern Time Zone.

None of the AFC East teams currently play within the central city of their metropolitan area (in New England's case, they also reflect the region they are based in):
 * The Bills play in Orchard Park, New York; they played in the city of Buffalo from 1960 to 1972.
 * The Jets play in East Rutherford, New Jersey (and share a stadium with the New York Giants; they played in the New York City borough of Manhattan from 1960 to 1963, and in the borough of Queens from 1964 to 1983).
 * The Dolphins play in Miami Gardens, Florida, a suburb of Miami (Miami Gardens was separated from the city itself and incorporated in 2003). The Dolphins also played in the Miami neighborhood of Little Havana from 1966 to 1986 when they played at the Orange Bowl.
 * The Patriots play in Foxborough, Massachusetts (they played in Boston, the largest city in New England, until 1970 and adopted their current name in 1971 when they moved into what eventually became known as Foxboro Stadium).

Almost analogously, three out of the four NFC East teams do not actually play within the city of their naming (only the Philadelphia Eagles do so).

All of the teams are or were coached by a first or second generation member of the Bill Parcells coaching tree: the Patriots had Bill Belichick; the Dolphins had Tony Sparano; the Jets had Eric Mangini (who served as an assistant with both Belichick and Parcells); and the Bills had Dick Jauron (fired on November 17, 2009), who served as an assistant with former Parcells assistant Tom Coughlin. The Jets were coached by Todd Bowles (2015–2018) and the Bills were coached by Rex Ryan for 31 games (the entire 2015–16 season, and he was fired before the last game of the 2016–17 season and replaced with interim Head Coach Anthony Lynn). Parcells himself coached the Patriots (1993–96) and the Jets (1997–99) and was Vice President of Football Operations for the Dolphins until the summer of 2010.

ESPN's Chris Berman often calls this division the "AFC Adams" due to its geographical similarity to the old Adams Division of the NHL, now succeeded by the Atlantic Division.

Along with the AFC (formerly AFL) West, the AFC East is the oldest NFL division in terms of creation date (1960).

Division lineups
 Place cursor over year for division champion or Super Bowl team.

 * Boston Patriots renamed to New England Patriots.
 * Houston Oilers move to newly created AFC Central division (1970 season) and later are renamed the Tennessee Oilers (1997 season), then Tennessee Titans (1999 season) . Moved to AFC South in 2002.
 * New York Titans renamed to New York Jets (1963 season)
 * Miami Dolphins enfranchised (1966 season)
 * Baltimore Colts merge from NFL's Coastal Division (1970 season)
 * Baltimore Colts relocate to Indianapolis subsequently renamed Indianapolis Colts (1984 season) . Moved to AFC South in 2002.

Division champions

 * + – A players' strike in 1982 reduced the regular season to nine games. Thus, the league used a special 16-team playoff tournament just for this year. Division standings were ignored, Miami had the best record of the division teams.
 * ++ – Due to the Week 17 game against the Cincinnati Bengals being declared a no-contest (and later cancelled), the Buffalo Bills officially played 16 games in the 2022 season.

Wild Card qualifiers

 * + – A players' strike in 1982 reduced the regular season to nine games. Thus, the league used a special 16-team playoff tournament just for this year. Division standings were ignored, Miami had the best record of the division teams.

Total playoff berths while in the AFL/AFC East
(AFC East records 1960–2021 seasons) Reflects Colts & Oilers results only while in the East Division. In the sortable table below, teams can be ordered by name, number of division wins, playoff berths, or titles.

1 Realigned from NFL Coastal in 1970 merger. Known as the Baltimore Colts before 1984. Realigned into the AFC South beginning with the 2002 NFL season. 2 Realigned into the AFC Central in 1970 merger, and into the AFC South in 2002. Known as Tennessee Oilers from 1997 to 1998, and Tennessee Titans since 1999.

title: AFC East


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Shōwa Restoration

The Shōwa Restoration (昭和維新) was promoted by Japanese author Kita Ikki in the 1930s, with the goal of restoring power to the newly enthroned Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) and abolishing the liberal Taishō democracy. The aims of the "Shōwa Restoration" were similar to the Meiji Restoration as the groups who envisioned it imagined a small group of qualified people backing up a strong Emperor. The Cherry Blossom Society envisioned such a restoration.

The February 26 Incident was an attempt to bring it about, failing heavily because they were unable to secure the support of the Emperor. The chief conspirators surrendered in the hope to make their trial advance the cause, a hope which was foiled by the trials being conducted secretly.

Although all such attempts failed, it was a first step on the rise of Japanese militarism.

title: Shōwa Restoration


text: File:Stay together song.jpg

title: File:Stay together song.jpg


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AFC North

The American Football Conference – Northern Division or AFC North is one of the four divisions of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The division was created after the restructuring of the 2002 NFL season when the league realigned divisions after expanding to 32 teams. The division consists of the Baltimore Ravens, Cincinnati Bengals, Cleveland Browns, and Pittsburgh Steelers. This is the only division in the NFL in which no member team has hosted a Super Bowl in their stadiums. The division, however, has won eight Super Bowl titles (six for Pittsburgh and two for Baltimore) in total.

Formation
The AFC North currently has four members: Baltimore Ravens, Cincinnati Bengals, Cleveland Browns, and Pittsburgh Steelers. The original four members of the AFC Central were the Browns, Bengals, Steelers and Houston Oilers (now the Tennessee Titans).

The AFC North is the only AFC division that does not contain a charter team from the original American Football League. However, the Cincinnati Bengals were an AFL expansion team in the 1968 AFL season (the Steelers and Browns joined the AFC in 1970), although the Bengals joining the AFL was contingent on the team joining the NFL after the AFL–NFL merger was finalized in 1970, as Paul Brown was not a supporter of the AFL.

The AFC North contains all three of the pre-merger NFL cities (Baltimore, Cleveland and Pittsburgh) whose then-franchises joined the AFC in 1970. Three of the teams also have interlocked histories. Both the Bengals and the Browns were founded by Paul Brown, while the Ravens and the city of Cleveland have their own unique relationship. Only the Steelers, the oldest franchise in the division, have no direct history involving Paul Brown.

1970s
The AFC Central division was formed when the Browns and Steelers brought their rivalry from the NFL Century Division to the AFC in 1970, joining the newly formed "AFC Central" with the Houston Oilers (from the AFL's East Division) and Cincinnati Bengals (from the AFL's West Division).

Although the Bengals won the first AFC Central Division Championship in 1970, the Steelers dominated the division for most of the 1970s. The Steelers also would win four Super Bowls in the decade, which were also the team's first league titles.

1980s
The 1980 Cleveland Browns broke the Steelers' six-year run as division champions, but failed to advance past the divisional round of the playoffs, losing to the Oakland Raiders as a result of Red Right 88. The Bengals were the only team to represent the AFC Central in the Super Bowl during the decade, appearing in Super Bowls XVI and XXIII. Both appearances resulted in close losses to the San Francisco 49ers.

1990s
The Steelers returned as the dominant team in the division in 1992. They won five divisional titles in six years, and played in Super Bowl XXX, in which they lost to the Dallas Cowboys.

In 1992, the Oilers were involved in one of the most famous playoff games in NFL history. In a game now known as The Comeback, the Oilers surrendered a 32-point lead to the Buffalo Bills and lost in overtime, 41–38. It was the largest deficit ever overcome in the history of the NFL for nearly 30 years.

In 1995, the Jacksonville Jaguars joined the league through expansion and were placed in the AFC Central. It was the first change to the structure of the division since its inception and added a second team to the division from the U.S. South. In 1996, in one of the most controversial decisions in American sports history, the Cleveland Browns moved to Baltimore and were rechristened as the Baltimore Ravens. Then in 1997, the Oilers moved to Tennessee but remained in the division (the team later was renamed the Titans in 1999). The makeup of the AFC Central changed once again in 1999 when the NFL reactivated the Cleveland Browns. The division had six teams for the 1999 to 2001 seasons, and was the only division to have that many teams in the post-merger era.

Aside from Pittsburgh's appearance in Super Bowl XXX, the only other appearance in the Super Bowl for the division in the decade was the Titans in Super Bowl XXXIV, who came up one yard short of the first Super Bowl to go into overtime. Along the way, the team got revenge on the Bills seven years after the comeback in the wild-card round by defeating the Bills 22–16 as a result of the Music City Miracle.

2000s
The decade began with the Ravens winning Super Bowl XXXV. The team's defense, led by linebacker Ray Lewis, was arguably one of the best defenses of all time.

In 2002, the NFL realigned into eight divisions of four teams. The Jaguars and Titans—the latter winning the AFC Central title in 2000—were both moved to the new AFC South, while the rest of the AFC Central remained intact and was renamed the AFC North. The Bengals, Browns, and Steelers were guaranteed to remain in a division together in any circumstance; this was part of the NFL's settlement with the city of Cleveland in the wake of the 1995 Cleveland Browns relocation controversy. The division, geographically-speaking, thus became the shortest driving distance between each team among the NFL's eight divisions, as three of the teams are located within close proximity of Interstate 70 (with the one city that is not, Cleveland, being two hours north of I-70), and the distance between Baltimore and Cincinnati (the two teams furthest away from each other) being only 526 mi apart. The Browns and Steelers, the two closest rivals, even ride a bus to their games instead of flying.

Since realignment, the Steelers have won the division title seven times, and the Ravens and Bengals have each won four times. The Steelers have swept all divisional opponents twice, in 2002 and 2008 (going 7 for 7 both times, winning against the Browns in a 2002 AFC Wildcard game and the Ravens in the 2008 AFC Championship), and the Ravens and Bengals have swept all three divisional opponents once each, the Bengals in 2009 and Ravens in 2011.

Since divisional realignment, the Steelers have made the playoffs ten times, the Ravens eight times, the Bengals seven times, and the Browns two times.

In 2005, although finishing second in the division to the Bengals, the Steelers became the first team in NFL history to enter the playoffs as a #6 seeded wild card team and win the Super Bowl.

In 2008, the Steelers became the first team to repeat as division champion since the division's realignment in 2002. The team went on to win Super Bowl XLIII that season, their second Super Bowl in four years and an NFL-record sixth overall.

In 2009, the Cincinnati Bengals swept their annual six-game slate of divisional opponents. Their first three games against the AFC North came in weeks three-through-five when they beat the Steelers, Browns and Ravens, respectively, each by three points. The close finishes deemed the Bengals, "Cardiac Cats". Cincinnati clinched their first division title since '05 in a week 16 victory over the Kansas City Chiefs, 17–10. In the playoffs, however, the Bengals fell to the New York Jets at home, 24–14.

Baltimore finished off their season by winning three of their final four games to finish 9-7 and earn the number-six seed in the AFC Playoffs. In the first round of the postseason, Baltimore defeated the New England Patriots in Foxboro, 33–14. In the divisional round of the postseason, Baltimore's season came to an end with a 20–3 loss to the Indianapolis Colts, who would defeat the Jets one week later to win the conference.

2010s
The Ravens repeated as division champions in 2011 and 2012. The team went on to win Super Bowl XLVII over the San Francisco 49ers, on February 3, 2013, in New Orleans. It was the second franchise Super Bowl win. As of 2012, the Steelers are the AFC North's most successful team with a 599–547–21 record all-time with the Browns 2nd in line with an overall record of 510–441–while the Ravens sit in 3rd (even though they were not an official franchise until 1996) at 164–128–and then the Bengals today remain the only team in the division with their all-time record below .500 as they sit in last at 310–396–.

In 2015, the Bengals became the first team in the AFC North (Central) to ever start the year 8–0, finishing the season 12–4 and winning the division for the second time in three years. Cincinnati clinched the division title in week 16 when the Steelers were upset by the 4–10 Ravens in Baltimore, quarterbacked by Ryan Mallett. Bengals' quarterback Andy Dalton was having his best season of his five-year career until breaking his thumb on December 13 against Pittsburgh caused him to miss the rest of the season. In the playoffs, Cincinnati (quarterbacked by A. J. McCarron) lost in a rematch with the Steelers, 18–16, in the final minutes of a heated battle. Pittsburgh advanced to the divisional round of the playoffs, only to lose to Peyton Manning and the eventual Super Bowl Champion Denver Broncos.

The Steelers won the division title in 2016 after a 31–27 win over the Ravens on Christmas Day. Despite victories in the playoffs against Miami and Kansas City, they fell to New England in the AFC Championship Game.

One particularly notable game in the 2017 occurred in a Week 13 Monday Night Football matchup between the Bengals and the Steelers. During the game, the Bengals took a 17–0 lead, but the Steelers outscored them 23–3 the rest of the game for 23–20 win. The game was a brutal affair with serious injuries to Shazier, Mixon and Burfict and subsequent suspensions to JuJu Smith-Schuster and George Iloka (with Iloka's later being overturned). The two teams clocked up four penalties for unnecessary roughness, one for unsportsmanlike conduct, one for roughing the passer and another for taunting. The Bengals themselves clocked up 13 penalties for 173 yards. When asked about the viciousness and the brutality of the game, Roethlisberger responded that it was "AFC North football".

The Ravens clinched the division in Week 15 of 2019 in a 42–21 win over the NY Jets. However, they were upset by the Tennessee Titans at home in the second round as the Number 1 seed.

2020s
The Steelers won the division in 2020. The Ravens and Browns also made it into the playoffs as the 5th and 6th seeded wildcards respectively. For the Browns, it was their first playoff appearance since 2002. The Browns defeated the Steelers 48–37 in Pittsburgh for the wild-card round. The Ravens beat the Titans 20–13 in their Wild Card matchup. However, both the Ravens and Browns failed to win their Divisional Round matchups, losing 17–3 to the Bills and 22–17 to the Chiefs respectively.

The Bengals won the division in 2021. The Steelers were given a shocking last minute invite to the NFL Playoffs, but their journey fell short with a loss to the Kansas City Chiefs in the wild card round. The Bengals beat the Raiders at home 26–19 in the Wild Card matchup, the Titans 19–16 in Tennessee, and the Chiefs 27–24 in Kansas City to make it to the Super Bowl. Their season ended with a 23–20 loss in Super Bowl LVI to the Rams.

The Cincinnati Bengals won the division the second consecutive time in 2022. The 11–4 Bengals faced up against the 12–3 Buffalo Bills on January 2, 2023, however, Bills safety Damar Hamlin collapsed after a tackle on Tee Higgins. The game was suspended after the play. Days later, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell cancelled the game. By win percentage, the Bengals won the North again. After a victory against the Atlanta Falcons, the Baltimore Ravens clinched their playoff spot as well. On January 15, 2023, in the Super Wild Card Weekend, the #3 ranked Bengals played at home against the #6 Ravens. Bengals defeated Ravens by a score of 24–17 with the most notable play by Tyler Huntley failing a Quarterback Sneak at the Bengals 2-yard line. Huntley did not secure the football as Logan Wilson stripped and Huntley fumbled the ball and Sam Hubbard recovered the ball, running a 98-yard Scoop and Score to defeat the Ravens. This play was the longest fumble return touchdown in NFL playoff history. On January 22, the Bengals and the Bills rematched at the Bills' home stadium, Highmark Stadium. Despite the home field advantage and heavy snow conditions, the Bengals were able to upset the Bills, with a score of 27–10 after Bills quarterback Josh Allen was intercepted on the team's final offensive play by Cam Taylor-Britt. The Bengals then advanced to face against the Kansas City Chiefs for the AFC Championship for the second consecutive time. The Bengals would lose this time after a costly penalty allowed the Chiefs to hit a game winning field goal. This was the first ever back-to-back championship appearance in Bengals' history.

The Baltimore Ravens won the division in 2023, as well as the #1 seed in the AFC. All 4 teams in the AFC North finished the 2023 regular season with winning records. 2023 marked the first time since 1935 that each team within an entire division finished the regular season with a winning record. The Steelers became the first team in AFC and AFC North history to post 20 consecutive non-losing records.

Division lineups
 Place cursor over year for division champ or Super Bowl team.

 * In 1970 the division formed in American Football Conference.
 * After the 1995 season, the Cleveland Browns franchise was deactivated; personnel, moved to the enfranchised Baltimore Ravens. The Cleveland Browns franchise was reactivated in 1999. The Browns, Ravens, and NFL officially consider the post-1999 Browns to be a continuation of the original team founded in 1946.
 * Houston moved to Memphis as Tennessee Oilers in 1997, moved to Nashville in 1998 (still known as Oilers). Team was renamed Tennessee Titans in 1999.
 * Jacksonville Jaguars enfranchised (1995 season).
 * Baltimore Ravens enfranchised (1996 season)
 * Division renamed AFC North. Jacksonville and Tennessee moved to AFC South.

Division champions
+ A players' strike in 1982 reduced the regular season to nine games. Because of the strike, the league used for its playoffs a special 16-team "Super Bowl Tournament" just for this year. Division standings were not formally acknowledged (although every division wound up sending at least one team to the playoffs); Cincinnati had the best record of the division teams.

++ Due to the Week 17 game against the Buffalo Bills being declared a no-contest (and later cancelled), the Cincinnati Bengals officially played 16 games in the 2022 season. This, however, had no bearing on the winner of the Division as the Bengals had 2 more wins than the second placed Ravens.

Wild Card qualifiers
+ A players' strike in 1982 reduced the regular season to nine games, so the league used a special 16-team playoff tournament just for this year.

Total playoff berths
At the conclusion of the 2022 season
 * Includes records of Houston & Tennessee Oilers and Jacksonville through 2001 season

Season results
^ A players' strike in 1982 reduced the regular season to nine games. Because of the strike, the league used for its playoffs a special 16-team "Super Bowl Tournament" just for this year. Division standings were not formally acknowledged (although every division wound up sending at least one team to the playoffs); Cincinnati had the best record of the division teams.

title: AFC North


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AFC West

The American Football Conference – Western Division or AFC West is one of the four divisions of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The division comprises the Denver Broncos, Kansas City Chiefs, Las Vegas Raiders, and Los Angeles Chargers.

The division has sent teams to the Super Bowl twenty times beginning with Super Bowl I when the Chiefs played the Green Bay Packers, winning ten times second only to the NFC East. As of the conclusion of the 2023 season, the Chiefs have the most Super Bowl wins of any AFC West team with four Super Bowl victories. The Broncos have appeared in the most Super Bowls in the division with eight, the Chiefs have appeared in six, and the Raiders have appeared in five. The Chargers lost their lone Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl XXIX. Two members of the Division also won back to back Super Bowls. The Broncos in 1997 and 1998 and the Chiefs in 2022 and 2023.

The Chiefs won the most recent, eighth straight, and 16th AFC West title in 2023. Kansas City’s previous title, won in 2022 made the AFC West the only division in the NFL where all 4 teams had the same amount of division titles (15 each).

History
The division was formed in 1960 as the American Football League's Western Division. In 1970, as part of the new NFL's two-conference, six-division alignment, the AFL West entered the merged league more or less intact as the AFC West.

The original AFL West had four members – the Dallas Texans (who moved to Kansas City in 1963 as the Chiefs), Denver Broncos, Los Angeles Chargers (who moved to San Diego in 1961, then back to Los Angeles in 2017) and Oakland Raiders (who moved to Los Angeles in 1982, back to Oakland in 1995, and Las Vegas in 2020). These four teams have remained in the AFL/AFC West since its inception, and are currently the only teams in the division. Largely because of this, and the fact they have played each other twice a year for over 60 years, the entire division is considered one very large and very heated rivalry.

The Cincinnati Bengals played the last two AFL seasons in the AFL West despite being further east than Houston, where the Houston Oilers played at the time and were members of the AFL Eastern Division. The Bengals (along with the Oilers) moved to the AFC Central (now the AFC North) in 1970, forming rivalries with the Cleveland Browns and the Pittsburgh Steelers.

In 1977, the Seattle Seahawks were added to the AFC West after spending their expansion season in the NFC West; they would move back to the NFC West in 2002. The first-year Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 1976 played as a member of the AFC West before being aligned into the NFC Central in 1977.

Each of the four AFC West teams won a division title in the first four years of the realignment – Oakland in 2002, Kansas City in 2003, San Diego in 2004 and Denver in 2005. It is the only one of the eight NFL divisions to have all of its teams win titles in the first four seasons of the North-East-West-South format.

In the early and mid-2000s, the division was often cited as one of the NFL's "Toughest Divisions"  due partially to the home-field advantages of Empower Field at Mile High, Arrowhead Stadium, Qualcomm Stadium and the Oakland Coliseum, although in 2008 the division was the NFL's weakest since the AFC Central in 1985 by sending the San Diego Chargers to the playoffs as division winners with an 8–8 record while the New England Patriots missed out at 11–5 after losing out on tiebreakers for both the AFC East and the wild-card. In 2010, the Raiders swept the entire division, going 6–0, but failed to qualify for the playoffs as they only won two non-divisional games.

The division was very weak in 2011 as well, when a loss by the Raiders in the last game of the season gave the Broncos the division title with only an 8–8 record. Only the NFC West in 2010, the NFC South in 2014 and 2022, and the NFC East in 2020 have historically sent a worse division winner to the playoffs, when the Seahawks (themselves a former AFC West member) won that division with a 7–9 record, the Panthers won the NFC South division with a 7–8–1 record, the Washington Football Team won the NFC East division with a 7–9 record, and the Buccaneers won the NFC South with an 8–9 record. Along with the AFC (formerly AFL) East, the AFC West is the oldest NFL division in terms of creation date (1960).

Division lineups
Place cursor over year for division champ or Super Bowl team.

 * Dallas Texans moved to Kansas City, Missouri and were subsequently renamed the Kansas City Chiefs (1963 season)
 * Los Angeles Chargers moved to San Diego (1961 season) but moved back in 2017.
 * Oakland Raiders moved to Los Angeles (1982 season). The team returned to Oakland for the 1995 season.
 * Cincinnati Bengals enfranchised (1968 season). After 1970 merger with NFL, the team moved to the AFC Central.
 * Tampa Bay was enfranchised in 1976. The Buccaneers moved to the NFC Central after their inaugural season, and departed for the newly formed NFC South after the 2001 season.
 * Seattle Seahawks moved from the NFC West division (1977 Season). In 2002 they moved back to the NFC West.
 * Oakland Raiders moved to the Las Vegas area (2020 season).

Division champions

 * !The Oakland Raiders and Kansas City Chiefs tied for the regular season division title at 12–2. The Raiders won the ensuing playoff game to represent the West in the AFL Championship Game.
 * #A players' strike in 1982 reduced the regular season to nine games. Thus, the league used a special 16-team playoff tournament just for this year. Division standings were ignored, the Los Angeles Raiders had the best record of the division teams.

Wild Card qualifiers

 * 1) In 1969, The Western Division 2nd place team played the Eastern Division 1st place team in an Interdivisional game.
 * A players' strike in 1982 reduced the regular season to nine games. Thus, the league used a special 16-team playoff tournament just for this year. Division standings were ignored, the Los Angeles Raiders had the best record of the division teams.

Total playoff berths
Updated through the 2023–24 NFL playoffs

 * Combines AFC Championships and AFL Championships won between 1966 and 1969 †AFL Championships won prior to Super Bowl I (1960–1965) ‡Combined Super Bowl championships and AFL Championships won prior to Super Bowl I in 1967

The table below reflects division titles and playoff appearances from former members of the AFL/AFC West while still in the division.
 * Former division members

title: AFC West


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wtfpwnsauce

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:31, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Wtfpwnsauce
Stupid neologism. One google hit. —Ben Brockert (42) UE News  01:34, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. --W(t) 02:18, 2005 May 28 (UTC)
 * Delete and I think I'll add it to BJAODN. -CunningLinguist 03:30, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: More nausea from the fervid teen imagination. Geogre 03:31, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: not article material Gblaz 03:46, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. WTFpwned!? is already listed as a variant at Pwn. Double Blue  (Talk) 03:54, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Article lacks noteworthiness and relevance. Tobycat 05:13, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and flog those responsible. — Phil Welch 05:33, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 05:34, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. See also barbecue? gkhan 11:19, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pavel Vozenilek 00:56, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'd pay a lot of money for a device that would allow me to punch people who use this word without leaving the comfort of my own chair. -Tadanisakari 07:43, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism --Silas Snider (talk) 03:43, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Ketari

Mi name is David i live in San Sebastian (Basque Country) Spain.

Photos and Maps ketari.nirudia.com

OSM page

title: User:Ketari


text:
Talk:KLVE

The correct callsign of the station is "KLVE". (There are no "foo-FM" callsigns and never have been.) This article should be renamed accordingly. 18.26.0.18 23:14, 13 Jul 2005 (UTC)

Unverifiable info / likely vandalism
In 2010, KLVE will move from its longtime home on Central Avenue in Glendale. A studio is being built at Telemundo Square in Wilshire Center, 8.51 miles away in Mid-Wilshire.

This information is unverifiable. It was added by an anon user who vandalized several radio station pages today. Additionally, the Telemundo Square artical is currently bogus. Tobycat 01:35, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 2 external links on KLVE. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:KLVE


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AFC South

The American Football Conference – Southern Division or AFC South is one of the four divisions of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). It was created before the 2002 season when the league realigned divisions after expanding to 32 teams. Since its creation, the division has had the same four members: the Houston Texans, Indianapolis Colts, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Tennessee Titans.

Before the 2002 season, the Texans did not exist, the Colts belonged to the AFC East, and the Titans and Jaguars were members of the AFC Central. The AFC South is often regarded as the NFL's "newest" division since at the time of its establishment none of the new division's members had played more than eighteen seasons in their current cities. The Colts had played in Baltimore until the end of the 1983 season, the Jaguars commenced play in 1995 and the Titans had been based in Houston (where they were known as the Oilers) until 1996. However, Indianapolis, Tennessee and Jacksonville had all won multiple division titles and wild card berths in their prior respective divisions.

The Colts hold a 534–474–7 record and a 23–25 playoff record with two NFL league crowns, four Super Bowl appearances and two wins. The Titans hold a record of 451–475–6 with a playoff record of 17–21 including two AFL championships (as the Houston Oilers) and a loss in Super Bowl XXXIV. The Jaguars hold a 177–239 record and a 7–7 playoff record. The Texans made the playoffs for the first time in their ten-season existence in 2011 and hold a 135–169 record and a 4–6 playoff record.

The Colts' Super Bowl XLI victory in 2006 is the only Super Bowl win from the AFC South to date, although the Colts have won another Super Bowl while playing in a different division (and a different city). The division owns the longest active Super Bowl victory drought, since at least one team from each of the other seven divisions has won one of the eighteen subsequenct Super Bowls — in fact seven divisions won seven Super Bowls between 2009 and 2015 — although the Colts did participate in 2009’s Super Bowl XLIV.

2000s
When the NFL realigned for the 2002 schedule, the newly created AFC South was formed from two former AFC Central teams, an AFC East team, and an expansion team. Its inaugural season was won by the Tennessee Titans who went on to play in the AFC Championship game. For the next five years, the Indianapolis Colts won the division including their victory in Super Bowl XLI. In 2007, the AFC South had the best division record of all time based on the combined 42–22 (.656 winning percentage). The record was previously held by the 1975 AFC Central's .643 winning percentage. In 2008, the Tennessee Titans won the division, ending Indianapolis' five-year streak of division titles. However, in 2009, the Colts would storm back to win their 6th division championship in Week 12 of the season with a win over the Houston Texans and a loss by the Jacksonville Jaguars to the San Francisco 49ers.

2010s
In 2010, the Indianapolis Colts again won their division by winning their final four games, including a victory over the Jaguars that tied the records of the two teams. The Colts controlled their own destiny, with the Jacksonville Jaguars losing its last three games of the season. In 2011, the Houston Texans won their first AFC South title, qualifying for the playoffs for the first time in franchise history. In Week 14, Houston had to beat Cincinnati and New Orleans had to beat the Tennessee Titans to secure the playoffs for Houston. Houston won 20–19 and New Orleans won 22–17 against the Titans, giving Houston its first ever playoff spot. The Texans had won their first Playoff game against the Cincinnati Bengals 31–10 but then lost to the Baltimore Ravens 20–13 in the Divisional game. The Texans repeated as AFC South champions in 2012 as well after beating Indianapolis 29–17 in Week 15 that season. In the playoffs, the Texans beat the Bengals once again, 19–13, but lost to the New England Patriots 41–28 during the Divisional Weekend. The Colts would retake the AFC South division crown in 2013. Indianapolis swept all three of its divisional opponents during the 2013 campaign to reclaim its first division title since 2010. Again in 2014, the Colts claimed the division title by defeating the Texans in a week 15 matchup, 17–10. The Texans took over as AFC South champions in 2015 following their 30–6 win over Jacksonville in week 16. Houston repeated as division champions in 2016; despite finishing with matching 9–7 records along with Tennessee, the Texans earned the AFC South's automatic berth into the NFL playoffs based on finishing better against the division (5–1) than the Titans (2–4). In 2017, the Jaguars won their first AFC South title after a Titans loss to the Rams in Week 16. In the previous week, the Jaguars had clinched their first playoff berth since 2007, with a win against the Texans. The Texans reclaimed the division crown with an 11–5 record in 2018, though the Colts also made the playoffs as a wild card and defeated the Texans in Houston in the first round by a score of 21–7. In 2019, the Texans won their sixth division title with a 10–6 record, and the Titans reached the Wildcard with 9–7. The Texans would win in the Wildcard vs. the Buffalo Bills and make it to the divisional round, losing 51–31 to the Kansas City Chiefs. The Titans, however, would make it to the AFC Championship, also losing 35–24 to the Chiefs.

Division lineups
 Place cursor over year for division champ or Super Bowl team.

Team playoff berths
Stats updated through the 2021 Season

Total playoff berths as members of the AFC South
In the sortable table below, teams can be ordered by name, number of division wins, playoff berths, or titles. To change, click button to right of heading.

Total playoff berths in team history
In the sortable table below, teams can be ordered by name, number of division wins, playoff berths, or titles. To change, click button to right of heading.

1 Colts won NFL Titles as the Baltimore Colts. Titans won AFL Titles as the Houston Oilers.

title: AFC South


text:
File:DFA1979-headsup.png

Information
Heads Up (Death from Above 1979 EP)

title: File:DFA1979-headsup.png


text:
User:Columbia

About me

 * Name: Columbia
 * Location: Charlotte, NC area
 * Sex: Female
 * Birthdate: July 4, 1976 (yep, I'm a Bicentennial baby! :-)
 * Marital Status: very happily married
 * Religion: Christianity
 * Politics: moderate to conservative Republican
 * Interests: chatting, reading, Nascar, music (mostly country), current events
 * Favorite TV shows: The Simpsons, Family Guy, Futurama, American Idol
 * Favorite Movie: Forrest Gump
 * Favorite Books: The Left Behind series

Articles I've started

 * Christian Forums
 * Josh Turner
 * Carowinds (redirect to Paramount's Carowinds)
 * Mindy McCready
 * Jersey Girls
 * Ellen Johnson
 * Steve Bisciotti

title: User:Columbia


text:
NFC East

The National Football Conference – Eastern Division or NFC East is one of the four divisions of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). It currently has four members: the Dallas Cowboys, New York Giants, Philadelphia Eagles, and the Washington Commanders.

The division was formed in 1967 as the National Football League Capitol Division and acquired its current name in 1970 when the NFL merged with the American Football League. The NFC East is currently the only division in the league in which all four current teams have won at least one Super Bowl. With 13 Super Bowl titles, the NFC East is currently the most successful division in the NFL during the Super Bowl era, with the AFC West second with ten titles. The NFC East currently has the longest streak without a consecutive division champion, with no team having repeated since the Philadelphia Eagles won four consecutive titles from 2001 to 2004.

History
The division's original name, NFL Capitol Division, derived from being centered on the capital of the United States, Washington, D.C., and the country's birthplace, Philadelphia. In 1967 and 1969, the teams in the division were Dallas, Philadelphia, Washington and the expansion team New Orleans Saints, with the New York Giants swapping divisions with the Saints for the 1968 season. This arrangement had been agreed in advance as a means to ensure all of the NFL's teams would be able to visit New York once in those three years. With the merger in 1970, following contentious negotiations culminating in a random draw, it was agreed that New York (along with the St. Louis Cardinals) would permanently return to the re-branded NFC East.

The NFC East has a long history of being geographically inaccurate. While the New York Giants, Philadelphia, and Washington are based on the East Coast, Dallas and St. Louis (later Phoenix, then Arizona) remained part of the East from the 1970 merger until 2002 despite being geographically west of most teams in the conference and closer to the Pacific Ocean.

To begin with, the Cowboys were located east of only two NFC teams that were outside of the East division (Los Angeles Rams and San Francisco 49ers from the West division), while the Cardinals were east of one additional such team (Minnesota Vikings from the Central division). The Tampa Bay Buccaneers, east of Dallas and St. Louis, joined the Central as an expansion team in 1976. The Cardinals relocated to Phoenix to start the 1988 season and stayed in the East through 2001; that made them located west of every team in the NFC except for the Rams and 49ers. The Rams relocated from Los Angeles to St. Louis to start the 1995 season and stayed in the West, while the Carolina Panthers joined the West as an expansion team that same season; this made the Cardinals and Cowboys west of every team in the conference, except for the 49ers, from 1995 to 2001.

While the divisions in general have been much more geographically accurate since 2002, even following the Rams' return to Los Angeles, the Cowboys are further west than every team in the league except for seven of the eight West teams in both conferences, in addition to the Kansas City Chiefs of the AFC West.

General information
The NFC East teams have combined to be the most successful division in the Super Bowl era with 21 NFC championships and 13 Super Bowl victories, the highest marks of any division in the NFL. The division features a number of prominent rivalries such as the Cowboys–Eagles rivalry, Cowboys–Washington rivalry and Eagles–Giants rivalry, among others. Because the division's teams are in some of the United States' largest media markets (New York No. 1, Philadelphia No. 4, Dallas-Fort Worth No. 5, and Washington No. 9), the NFC East receives a high amount of coverage from national sports media outlets. In the early 1990s the division claimed four consecutive Super Bowl champions, all against the Buffalo Bills, with the Giants and Washington respectively winning back-to-back in Super Bowls XXV and XXVI; and the Cowboys winning twice after in Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII. Those same three teams won seven out of ten Super Bowls, from 1986–87 to 1995–96 (the 49ers won the other three during that span). Meanwhile, the Eagles are the most recent team in the division to win a Super Bowl, beating the Patriots 41–33 in Super Bowl LII.

The NFC East was the first division since the 2002 realignment to send 3 teams to the playoffs when the 2006-07 NFL playoffs had Philadelphia winning the division and Dallas and New York taking both Wild Card spots. On the other hand, the NFC East became one of three divisions to be won by a team with a losing record (the previous two being the NFC South and NFC West) when the then-Washington Football Team won the division crown with a 7-9 record.

The Philadelphia Eagles are the only NFC East team to actually play in the city of the team's naming. The other three teams play in suburbs of the major cities they are named after. The Dallas Cowboys play in Arlington, Texas, and are the only team in this division not based in the Eastern Time Zone (the Cowboys are based in the Central Time Zone). The Washington Commanders play in Landover, Maryland, and the New York Giants play in East Rutherford, New Jersey, where they share a stadium with the New York Jets. Analogously, three of the four AFC East teams do not actually play within the city of their naming. (The Patriots geographical identifier is New England, being named for the region the team plays in.)

As of 2023, all four teams in the division were in the top ten of most valuable NFL franchises (Cowboys #1; Giants #2; Commanders #7; Eagles #9).

Division lineups
Place cursor over year for division champion.

 * The Eastern Conference was divided into the Capitol and Century Divisions. Dallas, Philadelphia, and Washington moved in. Also, the New Orleans Saints joined the league.
 * The Capitol Division adopts its current name. New Orleans realigned to the NFC West. The Giants and Cardinals are added from the Century Division.
 * Although the Cardinals were division champions, the Cowboys won the NFC Championship as a wild card qualifier.
 * St. Louis moved to Phoenix in 1988. The team changed its name from Phoenix Cardinals to the Arizona Cardinals in 1994.
 * Arizona moved to the NFC West when the league realigned into eight four-team divisions before the 2002 season.
 * Although the Cowboys were division champions, the Giants won the Super Bowl as a wild card qualifier.

As NFL Capitol Division
There was one division sweep of the Capitol Division: the 1969 Cowboys went 6–0 in division matchups.

The NFC East
No team has repeated as division champion since 2004, the longest such streak in NFL history.

 * * A players' strike in 1982 reduced the regular season to nine games. Thus, the league used a special 16-team playoff tournament just for this year. Division standings were ignored; Washington had the best record of the division teams and won the Super Bowl.
 * ++ The 1987 Redskins are the only NFC 3rd Seed to win the Super Bowl.
 * ^ The 2007 Dallas Cowboys were defeated by division rival and NFC 5th Seed New York Giants, who ultimately won Super Bowl XLII.
 * # The 2011 New York Giants are the only sub-10-win team to win the Super Bowl (other than the 1982 Redskins listed above), as well as the first team to win the Super Bowl as the NFC's 4th Seed.
 * * The 2020 Washington Football Team is the only NFC East division winner to have a losing record.

All four teams in the NFC East have won the Super Bowl. The Cowboys lead with five, followed by the Giants with four, Washington with three, and the Eagles with one. In overall NFL history, however, the Giants lead with eight league championships, followed by the Cowboys and Washington with five each, then the Eagles with four.

There have been three division sweeps of the NFC East Division, the 1998 Dallas Cowboys (8–0), the 2004 Philadelphia Eagles (6–0), and the 2021 Dallas Cowboys (6–0).

Wild Card qualifiers

 * + A players' strike in 1982 reduced the regular season to nine games, so the league used a special 16-team playoff tournament just for this year.
 * ** The 2007 New York Giants are the only NFC East team to win a Super Bowl as a Wild Card team, and the first NFL team in history to win the Super Bowl as a 5th Seed in either Conference.

Total playoff berths since 1967
To sort table above, click button to right of heading.

 * 1These numbers only reflect the Cardinals' time as a member of the NFC East, as the team realigned to the NFC West after the 2001 season.

title: NFC East


text:
User talk:Djce

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Kingturtle 01:42, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Djce


text:
Deep Note

The Deep Note is the sound trademark of THX, being a distinctive synthesized crescendo that glissandos from a relatively narrow frequency spread (about 200–400 Hz) to a broader frequency spread (of about three octaves). It was created by James A. Moorer, a former employee of Lucasfilm's Computer Division (later known as Pixar Animation Studios) in late 1982. The sound is used on trailers for THX-certified movie theaters, home video releases, video games, and in-car entertainment systems.

The Deep Note was partially previewed on the opening track of the 1983 album The Digital Domain: A Demonstration, where it was included among sound effects that were combined with the Deep Note itself. The Deep Note debuted later that same year at the premiere of Return of the Jedi in Los Angeles.

Description
The U.S. trademark registration for the first version of the sound contains this description of it:

In 1992, the Deep Note was registered as a trademark by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

The sound is perceived as louder than it actually is; sound designer and re-recording mixer Gary Rydstrom explains that, "from a technical standpoint, 'Deep Note' just feels loud because it has a spectrum of frequencies that grows from small to large."

Although Moorer had initially claimed that the score consisted of about 20,000 lines of code, he subsequently corrected the statement and elaborated:

Millennium version (2000)
In fall 1999, THX released the trailer Broadway 2000 for use of the Dolby Digital Surround EX sound system. As a result, an entirely new Deep Note was made from scratch. In this version of the Deep Note, new voices were made doing the similar process while voices from the previous version can be briefly heard. Aside from the trailer's appearance in theaters as well as on The Adventures of Indiana Jones DVD box set, the only other trailer that also uses this version of the Deep Note was a trailer made specially for the post-2000 home media releases of Terminator 2: Judgment Day.

Remastered version (2005–present)
In May 2005, to coincide with the theatrical release of Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, THX introduced a new trailer called The Science of Sensation, which featured a new version of the Deep Note, which is similar to the original, but voices from the Broadway 2000 trailer were mixed together.

Regenerated version (2015)
In April 2015, THX introduced a new trailer called Eclipse, which was accompanied by an updated, "Dolbyized" and more powerful version of the Deep Note, also created by Moorer. This version of the Deep Note was created entirely digitally so it could play on Dolby Surround 7.1, Dolby Atmos, and DTS:X systems, and Moorer created 30-second, 45-second, and 60-second versions of it. Moorer used around eighty voices in the remake, as opposed to thirty in the original 1983 version. He stated in an interview, "That’s the way I wanted it to sound originally. I think it’s as far as you can take it." Eclipse would be the only appearance of the regenerated version as starting with trailers Sphere and Genesis (both made to utilize the 4K video resolution), the remastered Deep Note was used instead.

Previous works
Prior to the creation of the Deep Note, several other works made use of similar techniques of frequency spread. A recognized predecessor is a section in the Beatles' 1967 song "A Day in the Life", using a full orchestra. Unlike in the Deep Note, the resolving high chord is never held, but instead brought to a stop. Moorer has admitted that both "A Day in the Life" and a fugue in B minor by Bach were sources of inspiration for the Deep Note.

In their book Analog Days, Trevor Pinch and Frank Trocco say that the track "Spaced", from the 1970 Beaver & Krause album In a Wild Sanctuary, was "copied by a famous Marin County film company" to introduce its film presentations, although they do not identify the company. The authors quote synthesizer builder Tom Oberheim as saying that the original analog form is much richer than the "digital perfection" evident in the sound logo so familiar to cinema-goers.

Original score

In 2018, THX released an image of the original 30-voice score, with notes.

Lawsuit
Lucasfilm, then-owner of THX, sued rapper Dr. Dre in 2000 for using an unauthorized cover of Deep Note in the opening track "Lolo (Intro)" on his 1999 album 2001.

In popular culture
In a 1994 episode of The Simpsons titled "Burns' Heir", there is a parody gag of the Deep Note, with the Simpson family in the theater watching Siskel & Ebert: The Movie. The Deep Note causes multiple things in the theater to explode seemingly from acoustic resonance, and ends with Abraham Simpson yelling "Turn it up!" THX executives liked the parody so much that the scene was later remade into an actual THX movie trailer, with the scene being redone in a widescreen aspect ratio by Film Roman.

"Dumbest Girl Alive", the opening track on the album 10,000 Gecs, by hyperpop duo 100 gecs, begins with a sample of the THX Deep Note.

Jacob Collier recreated the THX Deep Note in "100,000 Voices", the opening track to his 2024 album Djesse Vol. 4. He discussed his inspiration and method of recreating the sound with an audience choir in the March 4th 2024 'Switched On Pop' podcast.

title: Deep Note


text:
User talk:Js2756

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Kingturtle 01:44, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

RahXephon
Hi,

Check out the RahXephon article now, and Characters_in_RahXephon.

By the way, somebody made a page on Haruka Shitow, but I'm not quite sure what to think of it... --GunnarRene 20:54, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for doing the migration. I was hoping to do it last weekend, but a lot of stuff came up and I didn't have time.  Overall, the new article looks good.  The only minor issue that I have is that some characters will overlap in sections, in particular, the Bahbem Institute characters and Terra personel (Itsuki and Makoto).  I was thinking that Makoto and Itsuki should both belong to Terra personel and just have the Bahbems in an "Other" character section.

 * As far as the individual article on Haruka Shitow is concerned. I am not fond of it.  It is highly speculative and sounds more interpretive than factual.  Writing something like this about a show like RahXephon which (like Neon Genesis Evangelion) can be intrepreted in many ways, does not seem like the right thing to do for a Wikipedia article.  Also, the article does not really talk about what Haruka does.  It is someone's interpretation as to what she represents to the story.  The article also makes it sound like she is the central character to the story (although this may be true in terms of the movie, the TV series is Ayato's story).

 * All the articles about NGE are well written because they stay away from this type of speculative interpretation. I don't agree with the way this article is written and it seems more to be the work of an overzealous fan of her character.  Js2756 14:31, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * I put a different template on the Haruka Shitow page. Let's leave it for another five days or so, and then migrate it into the characters article.

rv vandalism
Sorry If I rv something that had some info. I was just sorting the character by last name since wikipedia genereally sorts by last name. I've been doing this for snk characters. The user 152.163.100.8 had been vandalizing many works so I just assumed he was doing just trying to piss people off. CHeck his user talk page. He's been creating many problems. He unsorted all the snk characters and made it by last name. I put something about in the disccusion page but no one replied. Sorry, if deleted any of your work. I don't usually change any of the info. --Dangerous-Boy

Regarding Keiichi Morisato
Keiichi's name is in the Western order in all of the English versions of Oh My Goddess! WhisperToMe 01:41, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Maison Ikkoku
What on earth made you think Maison Ikkoku was anything BUT a romantic comedy? It is... there's no question. I'm just wondering how you came to such a faulty conclusion? You have READ the manga haven't you? That's all pure romantic comedy, to a T. -- NatsukiGirl \talk 20:32, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Featured list candidates/List of Oh My Goddess episodes
Feel free to comment. I thought you may want to know. -- Cool CatTalk 23:41, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Js2756