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Dutch nobility

The Dutch nobility is a small elite social class consisting of individuals or families recognized as noble, and with or without a title of nobility in the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

The existence of nobility was established in the Constitution of the Netherlands of 1814. Those who belong to the nobility were entitled to certain privileges, in particular to take a seat in the "Ridderschap", a former executive and legislative assembly at the regional or provincial level, and herewith the power to select members for the States-Provincial. With the constitutional reform of 1848, all these privileges were abolished and the nobles lost their constitutional roles. Since then, the only privileges that the Dutch nobility still enjoy are the legal use of titles and the grant of coats of arms by royal decree.

The nobility are currently regulated by the Nobility Act, passed into law on 1 August 1994, and is overseen by the, an official state institution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands which also maintains the official nobility register.

History
During the period between 1581 and 1795, when the Netherlands was a republic (Republic of the Seven United Netherlands), the native nobility kept their constitutional significance. In each province, the nobility was organised in knighthoods, which maintained representation in the States-Provincial. In 1795, after the Batavian Revolution, the positions and thus the nobility were abolished.

With the establishment of the Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands in 1813, the rights of the nobility were restored, and the peerage regained official status. The Constitution established that nobility would be granted by the King, and the ways in which this could happen were clarified by Sovereign Decree no. 60, signed on 13 February 1815. Initially this was by appointment into the re-established knighthoods, but after several years exclusively through acknowledgement, incorporation or elevation. These terms refer to the acknowledgement of indigenous titles of nobility existing before 1795, the incorporation of originally foreign titles of nobility, and elevation where an entirely new title is created. The electoral colleges for the (indirect) elections of the Senate and the House of Representatives of the States General consisted of the knighthoods, amongst others. In 1814, William I established the which, as his advisory body, would help him re-establish a strong nobility. From then on, new members of the knighthoods would also be recruited from regent families. The Council started maintaining a register of the nobility, the filiatieregister.

In the constitutional amendment of 1848, the feudal society was abolished, and the constitutional role of the nobility again came to an end. The only legal privilege the nobility retained was the right to hold a predicate or a title. In 1994, the constitutional article was replaced by a separate Nobility Act which codified the existing practice. According to this law, nobility can still be granted in the three aforementioned ways, although the possibilities are significantly reduced. Elevation, which had not taken place since 1939 and was practically abolished by the council of ministers in 1953, has been reduced to the Royal House. Government policy has since focused on rewarding personal merit through royal decorations. The last elevation into the Dutch nobility concerns Princess Máxima, in a Royal Decree of 25 January 2002 (Government Gazette 41), due to the fact of her marriage to the Prince of Orange. In 2016, a survey was conducted among nobles in which at least a quarter stated that they support the resumption of (non-royal) ennoblements, while approximately a third opposed them and the rest had no or a weak opinion. Members of the Nederlandse Adelsvereniging, the organization which represents the Dutch nobility in CILANE, are more likely to support ennoblements, and are more likely to uphold traditional noble values and marry endogamously. In 2020, nobility expert and director of the foundation Stichting Adel in Nederland John Töpfer also spoke out in favor of a new ennoblements in a radio interview. The continuing practice of hereditary ennoblements in Belgium is often cited by proponents of new nobility in the Netherlands.

Titles and families
Someone belongs to the Dutch nobility when either they have been granted nobility by Royal Decree, or when their father belonged to the nobility. Nobility is inherited exclusively through male lineage, which means that while daughters belong to the nobility as well, they are unable to pass it to their children. Someone can be granted nobility through acknowledgement of indigenous titles of nobility existing before 1795, through incorporation of foreign titles of nobility, or through elevation, in which a new title of nobility is created. There are seven titles of nobility. In order of precedence, these are Prince, Duke, Marquis, Count, Viscount, Baron and Knight. People in the nobility who have not been granted a title carry the predicate Jonkheer or Jonkvrouw.

Relationship with the Nederland's Patriciaat
The Nederland's Patriciaat is a registry of non-noble armigerous families which have held influential roles in Dutch society for at least 150 years or six generations. Many families date from the republican era and are descendants of magistrates and merchants, but as membership in the Patriciate is, unlike nobility, not a legal distinction, and cannot be "closed" by law, new families are admitted every year.

Thus, incorporation into Nederland's Patriciaat can be considered a substitution for ennoblement, a distinction families are accorded if they maintain a high level of merit and success for several generations. The Patriciate, or at least its older families, are considered equal to the nobility, and the oldest families are even given the same status as Barons and Counts. Many Patrician families are non-noble branches of noble families, or descend from persons who were offered ennoblement but declined it.

Just like nobility, membership in the Patriciate is hereditary in the legitimate male line. Intermarriage between nobles and members of Nederland's Patriciaat is common, and the first non-noble to marry into the Dutch royal family, Mr. Pieter van Vollenhoven, is indeed a Dutch Patrician.

Thus, it can be said that the Nobility and the Patriciate are two groups from which the aristocracy of the Netherlands is formed, and the relationship between them is somewhat reminiscent of that between the Peerage and the Gentry in Great Britain.

title: Dutch nobility


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Passat (ship)

Passat is a German four-masted steel barque and one of the Flying P-Liners, the famous sailing ships of the German shipping company F. Laeisz. She is one of the last surviving windjammers. (The name "Passat" is German for trade wind.)

History
Passat was launched in 1911 at the Blohm & Voss shipyard, Hamburg. She began her maiden voyage on Christmas Eve 1911 toward Cape Horn and the nitrate ports of Chile. She was used for decades to ship general cargo outbound and nitrate home. Passat was interned at Iquique for the duration of World War I and sailed in 1921 to Marseille and was turned over to France as war reparation. The French government put her up for sale, and the Laeisz Company was able to buy back the ship for £13,000. Again she was used as a nitrate carrier until 1932 when Passat was sold to the Gustaf Erikson Line of Finland. The ship was then used in the grain trade from Spencer Gulf in South Australia to Europe. At the onset of World War II, Passat was at her home port Mariehamn in the Åland Islands of Finland. She was towed in 1944 to Stockholm to serve as a storage ship.

In 1948 the Erikson Line reentered the grain trade, and together with Pamir she participated in the last Great Grain Race in 1949 from Port Victoria around Cape Horn to Europe. Among her crew was Niels Jannasch who later became the director of Canada's Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. All told, Passat rounded Cape Horn 39 times.

Edgar Erikson (son of Gustaf Erikson, who died in 1947) found he could no longer operate either Passat or Pamir at a profit, primarily due to changing regulations and union contracts governing employment aboard ships; the traditional two-watch system on sailing ships was replaced by the three-watch system in use on motor-ships, requiring more crew. In March 1951, Belgian shipbreakers paid £40,000 for both Passat and Pamir.

German shipowner Heinz Schliewen stepped in and bought both ships for conversion to freight carrying school ships (thus often erroneously referred to as sister ships). The two vessels were modernized at Kiel with refurbished quarters to accommodate merchant marine trainees, fitted with an auxiliary diesel engine, a refrigeration system for the galleys (precluding the need to carry live animals for fresh meat), modern communications equipment and water ballast tanks. After financial problems for the owner, a newly organized consortium of forty German shipowners purchased the ships. For the next five years Passat (and Pamir) continued to sail between Europe and the east coast of South America, primarily to Argentina, but not around Cape Horn.

In 1957, a few weeks after the tragic loss of Pamir in mid-Atlantic and shortly after having been severely hit by a storm, Passat was decommissioned. She had almost experienced the same fate as the Pamir when her loose barley cargo shifted.

Passat was purchased in 1959 by the Baltic Sea municipality of Lübeck and is now a youth hostel, venue, museum ship, and landmark moored at Travemünde, a borough of Lübeck in the German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein.

Sister ships
Passat ' s true sister ship is the Peking. The Pamir has often been, and is still discussed as Passat ' s sister ship because both ships were owned and operated by the same consortium of German shipowners in the 1950s. The last eight four-masted barques ordered by Laeisz have been incorrectly called "The Eight Sisters" because of their similarity, including Pangani, Petschili, Pamir, Passat, Peking, Priwall, Pola (which never sailed under the Laeisz flag) and Padua, now under the Russian flag as the training ship Kruzenshtern. Of these eight ships, Pangani, Petschili, Pamir and Padua  had no true sister ships.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Passat (ship)


text:
User talk:Dblandford

Welcome
Hello Dblandford,

Welcome and enjoy Wikipedia. Your edits are much appreciated.

These links might help you with your contributions:
 * Tutorial
 * Manual of Style
 * Policies and Guidelines

For Wikipedia-wide involvement, visit the Communtiy Portal and the Village Pump.

Be sure to check out Australian resources, like The Australia Wikiportal, Australian Wikipedians' Notice Board, Australian Collaboration of the Fortnight, New Australian Articles and Australian stub articles. You can list yourself at Australian Wikipedians.

Again, welcome.--Cyberjunkie 09:36, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Terrigal
Hi DBlandford See my response to your question at Talk:Gosford, New South Wales. Cheers, Andrew Kepert 01:21, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Request re signatures
Responding to request on Talk:Gosford, New South Wales ... there IS, as I expected a user preference for this. Just go to your preferences page, go to the User Data subpage and enter something against "Your Nickname (for signatures)". This makes and  ~ expand to a redirected link as expected. Some people have figured out how to do quite strange things with their signatures (pictures, extra link to user talk page, etc), and I seem to remember reading how to do these somewhere - but I had no interest, so didn't pay attention. Andrew Kepert 08:00, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

A new Oxbridge user box
Dblandford...I am currently in the process of writing a user box for all of the colleges that are part of Oxbridge. This template is meant to replace your current college template. Please take a look at the work in progress and comment on it. My main concerns are college abbreviations and color choice. I am using scarf colors for the colleges. Thank you. - LA @ 17:13, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

WP:Socking
Regarding this, if you are also this and this editor, then do stop your WP:Socking. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 17:21, 25 November 2015 (UTC)

Fair Use in Australia discussion
As an Australian Wikipedian, your opinion is sought on a proposal to advocate for the introduction of Fair Use into Australian copyright law. The discussion is taking place at the Australian Wikipedians' notice board, please read the proposal and comment there. MediaWiki message delivery MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 11:08, 2 March 2017 (UTC)

This message has been automatically sent to all users in Category:Australian Wikipedians. If you do not wish to receive further messages like this, please either remove your user page from this category, or add yourself to Category:Opted-out of message delivery

--UTRSBot (talk) 06:44, 5 November 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dblandford


text:
P.S.I.entology

P.S.I.entology was the only DVD release from the British band Pitchshifter. The DVD was the second release from PSI Records which is run by members Mark Clayden and J.S. Clayden. The DVD was released ostensibly as a "thank you" to the band's loyal fan base. The release prompted the band to reform after their 2003 split to take part in a seven date tour of Britain in October of 2004.

Live Concert - Nottingham Rock City

 * 1) "Wafer Thin"
 * 2) "Chump Change"
 * 3) "Genius"
 * 4) "Condescension"
 * 5) "Virus"
 * 6) "Dead Battery"
 * 7) "Triad"
 * 8) "Hidden Agenda"
 * 9) "Microwaved"
 * 10) "Please Sir"
 * 11) "Un-United Kingdom"
 * 12) "What's In It For Me?"
 * 13) "W.Y.S.I.W.Y.G."

Video Clips

 * 1) "Genius"
 * 2) "Hidden Agenda"
 * 3) "Shutdown"

Audio Remixes

 * 1) "Genius (Sharper Mix)"
 * 2) "Keep It Clean (OBNY Remix)"
 * 3) "Microwaved (Teflon Remix)"
 * 4) "Misdirection (Logan Mader Remix)"
 * 5) "As Seen On TV (Martin Atkins Remix)"
 * 6) "Stop Talking (So Loud) (OBNY Remix)"

Unreleased Songs

 * 1) "Drive Me" by JS Clayden side project Doheny
 * 2) "Sans Chorus" by Mark Clayden side project The Blueprint
 * 3) "Grand Banks" by Drawbacks
 * 4) "Dead Man" by Mark Clayden and Jason Bowld side project This Is Menace

title: P.S.I.entology


text:
Talk:Reavers (comics)

Alteration
I altered some incorrect or confusing information in the history. The original Reavers in Australia were not formed by Donald Pierce. The Reavers were Australian-based cyborgs prior to the super-group that incorporated the surivors plus Pierce, Deathstrike, and the mercenaries. Also, Pierce was the White Bishop, not the White King (although he was once called the King in error). The crucial sources for this info are Uncanny X-Men #248-252. --JamesAM 23:04, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

White King or Bishop?
According to Uncanny X-Men #132, donald Pierce was the White King and Harry Leland was the White Bishop. This needs to be changed back.

 * I see no such reference in #132. I have never seen Harry Leland referred to as the White Bishop. Furthermore, The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe: Deluxe Edition #5, on pages 45 and 46, it clearly notes that Pierce is the White Bishop and Leland is the Black Bishop. In addition, Pierce has never been treated as being of equal rank to Shaw. As I noted previous, Pierce was once referred to as the former White King after being referred to as the White Bishop. This White King referrence was apparently an error and an aberration. I believe it was called an error in one of the letter pages. If someone wants to put "(sometimes referred to as White King)", I don't think that would be a problem. But it would be inaccurate to replace the reference to him being the White Bishop. --JamesAM 01:01, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Vs. Punisher
Like I said in the history, I know it's a bit silly-buggers I know about the fight with Punisher, but not the exact names of the Reavers who attacked him. Am working on it. Lots42 20:00, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I actually found the information. Go me! Lots42 01:22, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:0. The Reavers.jpg
Image:0. The Reavers.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:55, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reavers (comics)


text:
User talk:Manop

If you would like to leave a message, please write in th:User:Manop I hardly check this page.

Archives
 * /Archive 1 - December 2005 - December 2006

Newbie

 * Hi,I´m writing a report on a my wiki contribution(King Oyo) which you recently edited.I´m interested to know why the article peeked your interest and what you thought of it.Deadline is this Friday.ThanksTandiwe 11:57, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Thai language articles
Hi, you once volunteered to help with translations. Still interested? There's two article in Thai on Pages Needing Translation in Thai, เอไอเอ and เศวต เศวตสุทธิพันธ์. Would you please take a look at these and let me know if they're notable and worthy of translating into English, and what they're about? Further, beyond looking at them/reviewing them for me, if you would be willing to do the translation, that would be fantastic! Thanks for your consideration of this.  AK Radecki  00:09, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you. เอไอเอ (AIA) is a famous insurance company in Thailand. I add few paragraphs in English at that page now. Don't really know that it should be merged to AIG or not since it's almost the same company. --Manop - TH 22:28, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:ChonburiFC.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:ChonburiFC.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 20:18, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the nice (and too long) suggestion. I explained back to your talk page that:

 * I followed Image:NikeLogo.png, Image:Intel-logo.svg, Image:JBL.jpg.

 * And you just deleted my reply and said "trolling." Thank you indeed. hah! --Manop - TH 03:04, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Please help-Lao language request
Hello! The Graphic Lab is working on artwork related to Laos, and we need some help to get the proper Lao language text into the artwork. As Thai and Lao are closely-related languages, I ask you to please visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphic_Lab/Images_to_improve#Scouting_in_Laos and see if you can help! Thanking you in advance, Chris 02:46, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi there. Can you verify that my rendered version of the Lao Scout Motto looks correct? Mike Dillon 18:54, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

The Girl Guides Association of Thailand
Hello, friend! Can you put the Thai language name of The Girl Guides Association of Thailand into the article? Thanks! Chris 07:00, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

Why did you revert my edits to the introduction to Soamsavali Kitiyakara?
You reverted my introduction to the Soamsavali Kitiyakara without stating any reasons. Why? All I added was her relationship to the Queen and Prince Vajiralongkorn, and some short words on her divorce and her post divorce life. Or are these taboo topics that Thai people can't bear to see in writing? Please explain. MKPluto 05:13, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Wow, vandal can talk :) --Manop - TH 05:14, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Again, why did you revert my introduction to the Soamsavali Kitiyakara article? Is her relationship to the Queen and Prince Vajiralongkorn of no importance at all?  Is the fact that she is no longer the wife of Prince Vajiralongkorn of no importance at all?  If you insist on deleting legitimate edits without any discussion, I can only conclude that you are the vandal. Please act civily.  MKPluto 08:57, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Again and again, don't you really understand what you did? Please see User talk:MKPluto. I'm kind of sick of people like you and your sock puppets (sigh!) --Manop - TH 18:48, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * All I added was a paragraph in the introduction summarizing her relationship to the Queen and her husband. How is this considered vandalism?  You, on the other hand, have repeatedly deleted this information without any explanation.  Why can't you just explain your issue in the Talk page? MKPluto 01:01, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

July 2007
Please do not delete content from pages on Wikipedia. Your edits do not appear to be constructive and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use Sandbox for test edits. --Kylohk 05:28, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Please check out User:MKPluto. All photos he/she uploaded were disputed. See also User talk:Trusilver. Thanks anyway --Manop - TH 05:32, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I see, so they were inappropriately tagged. Sorry. Anyway, when you delete content, it's a good idea to add an edit summary to avoid misunderstandings. Since I probably couldn't understand your actions just by reading the diff alone. Also, there may actually be a chance that MKPluto really took the photos (if he's a pro for 30 years as he claimed, that is.)--Kylohk 05:37, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry for that. I reverted several times today :) and forgot to write the summary. --Manop - TH 05:39, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I did take the photos! In any case, the reversions that Manop did go way beyond just removing the photographs - he has insisted on removing referenced facutal information as well, without any explanation in the Talk page.  This is very frustrating! MKPluto 00:58, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

 * 555, did you understand the words "take the photos" are not the same as "take the photos from the internet and claimed that you're the owner." Did you know that someone else already claimed that is his/her photo? You're pretty late. Well no worries, never mad at you 'cause you can make me laugh. --Manop - TH 05:43, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh jeezz! I'm talking to a puppet. Whatever. --Manop - TH 22:05, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Suspected sock puppets/CenturyRain
Manop, your comment is requested at Suspected sock puppets/CenturyRain.Proabivouac 06:04, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

I'm too lazy to follow up, but MKPluto's incident has been archived to page 278. So some of the link you posted doesn't work anymore.Suredeath 20:25, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

King's article
See response on my talk page. Then see talk page of the King's article.Rlevse 20:07, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Thai wikipedia
Out of curiosity why did so many Thai bureaucrats resign? Waerth 02:12, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Asiancup 2007 logo.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Asiancup 2007 logo.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 02:27, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Enix logo.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Enix logo.png. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Thai translation
Hi. I see you are interested in the Thai language. I have a favor to ask. Can you translate this: User:Rlevse/sandbox into Thai, in Thai font? If not, do you know someone who can?

It will end up in a Thai version of this page: Thanks. — Rlevse  •  Talk  • 13:32, 29 December 2007 (UTC)
 * OUTSTANDING!. Thanks so much. "Vero" is pronounced like "arrow" but with a "v" sound in front of the "a" sound, as in "varrow" or "vaero". — Rlevse  •  Talk  • 20:39, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Thank you very much, I truly appreciate it. — Rlevse  •  Talk  • 03:32, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

One last thing: The word "Thai", so when they go to the drop box here: http://en.veropedia.com/ they se e "Thai" in the Thai language. Thanks. — Rlevse  •  Talk  • 03:35, 3 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Ah, I think this: ไทย is it. Thanks again, truly. — Rlevse  •  Talk  • 03:43, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

Bryant & Stratton College
I reverted your edit to this article, because there is no evidence the PM graduated or even attended this college. If my information is in error, please add a cite. Bearian (talk) 18:22, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you! Bearian (talk) 18:25, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:BEC Tero Sasana.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:BEC Tero Sasana.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 03:59, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:ChonburiFC.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:ChonburiFC.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 18:35, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Rxart
please, aid to neutralize and to improve this article that is in favor of being erased. It is a popular distribution in Latin America and that is entering Europe, and the European Union even contracted the creative company of Rxart to work in project MANCOOSI. excuse my bad English please. Thank you very much, I hope that it can help me Here some links: .--190.49.149.249 (talk) 22:11, 19 March 2008 (UTC)
 *
 *
 *

...
Hello Manop, welcome to Wikipedia. Please notice that removing tags without fixing the problem is considered unconstructive. Thank you. F10F11 (talk) 18:37, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I don't talk to sock puppuets. --Manop - TH (talk) 03:31, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

Translator assistance?
Hi. :) You're listed as a potential translator from Thai to English. I don't know if you can help or if there's enough substance to help with, but there seems to have been a language barrier problem at the article Pakkred Secondary School. A contributor seems to have been attempting to add some information in Thai, but ran into some problems with speedy deletion tags. Considering that his or her English additions were copied from other articles, I'm not sure if the early, Thai material was appropriate or not. (For example, here.) His or her last contribution was to copy material from Impact, Muang Thong Thani to the article. I've declined the speedy deletion, because I don't think it was a test page. The contributor certainly seems to have been trying very hard to establish something here. :) I've replaced the copied content with very basic information about the school, which is all that I could get from the Thai language sources I found. I'm hoping that you might have time to take a look at the history of that article and, if there is actual substantial text about the school, translate that for the new version. I would ask at the Thai wiki project, but it's talk page suggests it isn't very active. Lacking additional information, this school article may well wind up merged to the district as is typically done with American schools that don't meet guidelines, but I wanted to assume good faith in this situation and see if I could help it out. If you have some time to take a look, I'd appreciate it. If not, thanks for reading anyway and happy editing. :) --Moonriddengirl (talk) 13:56, 28 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you so much for your help with that article! I appreciate your taking the time to come over so promptly to address it. :) --Moonriddengirl (talk) 15:30, 28 August 2008 (UTC)

DJ Guyver Reverts
You currently appear to be engaged in an edit war. If you continue, you may be blocked from editing. Please do not repeatedly revert edits, but use the talk page to work towards wording and content which gains a consensus among editors. Drag-5 (talk) 14:12, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

your conduct
please cease your personal comments towards me. I have an interest in serving wikipedia, your behaviour is unacceptable. I have not attacked you in any way, or made any comments aimed at you. I do not expect to have comments like this aimed at me. Drag-5 (talk) 21:25, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I really don't care for Guyver, your beloved disambiguation page. Why don't you check your history page itself. That was funny. --Manop - TH (talk) 02:08, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

Blocks
Unblocked. Let your contributor know she may now usurp. DS (talk) 20:45, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

หวัดดีครับ
หวัดดีครับ พี่ โห อยู่นี้เหรอ--Sahayfont2 (talk) 16:06, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

Possible FA
You may be interested in User_talk:Patiwat.  — Rlevse • Talk  • 00:30, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Happy 's Day!
For a userbox you can add to your userbox page, see User:Rlevse/Today/Happy Me Day! and my own userpage for a sample of how to use it. — Rlevse • Talk  • 00:30, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Chantra
I have nominated Chantra, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Chantra. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Joe Chill (talk) 23:03, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have (or very recently had) enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and you will still be able to manually mark your edits as being minor in the usual way.

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Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 18:19, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

Thai page
Hello, sorry to bother you but I see you are fluent in Thai and we could use a Thai speakers help. At Pages needing translation into English we have an article, Jakkapon listed which is in Thai. Normally a google translation is enough to tell if its something that can be speedied but here the translation is complete nonsense and we don't know if its just a bad translation or the article is nonsense. If its not too much trouble please could you take a look and give us an idea of what the article is about. Thanks-- Jac 16888 Talk 01:09, 14 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for you help, much appreciated. Do you mind if I ask for your help again if we ever have trouble with another Thai page?

 * You're welcome. Let me know if I can help next time. --Manop - TH (talk) 13:52, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

Translation / advice required...
Hi mate, wondering if you might have a quick look at Articles for deletion/ICT Housekeeper and the associated article, ICT Housekeeper. The article has been nominated for deletion but most of the sources are in Thai so it is difficult for other editors to assess whether the subject meets notability criteria with the sources available. Any chance you could have a quick look at provide some advice? Cheers, Stalwart 111  (talk) 01:06, 29 October 2012 (UTC)

Thai help needed
Hello Manop, I'm contacting you because we need some Thai translators to help with the deployment of the new VisualEditor on th.wikipedia. There are help pages, user guides, and description pages that need translating, as well as the interface itself. The translating work is going on over on MediaWiki: Translation Central. I also need help with a personal message for the Thai Wikipedians. If you are able to help in any way, either reply here, or head over to TranslationCentral. Thanks for your time, PEarley (WMF) (talk) 01:57, 17 July 2013 (UTC)

Edits by พุทธามาตย์
Recent edits by พุทธามาตย์ have included two deletions of links with Thai articles given as the Thai equivalents of article on the English Wikipedia. Is the editor correct? Or should those articles be linked via Wikidata? Esoglou (talk) 08:23, 4 June 2014 (UTC)
 * He has come back with a good explanation of his deletion of the Thai link with Orthodox Christianity (and acceptance of the wrongness of his deletion of the Welsh link). I presume therefore that there was good reason also for his deletion of the link of to th:หมวดหมู่:มุขมณฑลโรมันคาทอลิกในประเทศไทย.  Esoglou (talk) 09:09, 4 June 2014 (UTC)

Article upgrade assistance request (Pre-translation stage)
Seasons Greetings,

This is in reference to a relatively new umbrella article on en-wikipedia named Ceremonial pole. Ceremonial pole is a human tradition since ancient times; either existed in past at some point of time, or still exists in some cultures across global continents from north to south & from east to west. Ceremonial poles are used to symbolize a variety of concepts in several different world cultures.

Through article Ceremonial pole we intend to take encyclopedic note of cultural aspects and festive celebrations around Ceremonial pole as an umbrella article and want to have historical, mythological, anthropological aspects, reverence or worships wherever concerned as a small part.

While Ceremonial poles have a long past and strong presence but usually less discussed subject. Even before we seek translation of this article in global languages, we need to have more encyclopedic information/input about Ceremonial poles from all global cultures and languages. And we seek your assistance in the same.

Since other contributors to the article are insisting for reliable sources and Standard native english; If your contributions get deleted (for some reason like linguistics or may be your information is reliable but unfortunately dosent match expectations of other editors) , please do list the same on Talk:Ceremonial pole page so that other wikipedians may help improve by interlanguage collaborations, and/or some other language wikipedias may be interested in giving more importance to reliablity of information over other factors on their respective wikipedia.

This particular request is being made to you since your user name is listed in Translators available list.

Thanking you with warm regards Mahitgar (talk) 06:13, 24 October 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Today's Wikipedian 10 years ago
--Gerda Arendt (talk) 07:27, 1 July 2019 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Enix logo.png
Thanks for uploading File:Enix logo.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 17:38, 3 August 2021 (UTC)

Unicode chart translation request
Hello. I maintain multilingual Wikimedia charts showing roadmaps to the various planes of the Unicode Standard. I'm hoping you will provide Thai translations for me. (I noticed your user name on the Translators available list.) The specifics are at User:Drmccreedy/roadmap_multilingual. Currently the Thai Unicode article uses the English charts. Thank you for any help you can offer. DRMcCreedy (talk) 03:46, 11 October 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Manop


text:
Happy (Real Life album)

Happy is the fourth studio album by Australian new wave band Real Life. The album was released in October 1997. At the time of release, Real Life consisted of David Sterry, Danny Simcic, Allan Johnson and George Pappas.

A 1999 limited edition release of Happy featured a bonus remix album called Happier.

Reception
Tomas Mureika from AllMusic said "The cover speaks volumes. The head that looks like a scary, puffy fish is indicative of the [band's] new direction... still very much in the synth pop vein, but now with a dangerous, dark gothic edge" adding "This is a dark, brooding record, but one which would craft the persona of Real Life for the next decade. Still very hook-laden, still very danceable -- but darker, more ominous and definitively more goth."

title: Happy (Real Life album)


text:
J. J. Ferris

John James Ferris (21 May 1867 – 17 November 1900), a left-arm swing bowler, was one of the few cricketers to play Test cricket for more than one country.

Born in Sydney, Australia, Ferris made his first-class debut for New South Wales against Alfred Shaw's touring English team on his home ground in 1886/87. He took seven wickets in the match, including five in the second innings, and after several more good displays was selected for the first Test, also at Sydney. The England first innings was a disaster as they collapsed to what remains their lowest Test total of 45 all out, Ferris bowling unchanged with Charlie Turner. But despite his nine wickets in the game England, inspired by Billy Barnes' second-innings 6–28, scraped to a 13-run win.

Ferris took another nine-wicket haul in the second Test, but again England was victorious, though in the only Test of the 1887/88 tour he could manage "only" six as the Englishmen came out on top yet again. He went with the Australians to England in 1888, and at Lord's for the first time in his career playing in a winning Test side, his partnership with Turner accounting for no less than eighteen England wickets as Australia recorded a 61-run win (W. G. Grace wrote later that the tourists had "brought with them the finest pair of bowlers Australia could ever boast" ). The Ashes remained in England, however, as the home side won the other two Tests. In 1889, Ferris was named as one of the first Wisden Cricketers of the Year.

He went to England again in 1890, taking 13 wickets in another series defeat and no less than 186 in the season as a whole, but then moved there permanently, playing a single Test for his adopted country against South Africa in 1891/92. Coincidentally, his former Australian teammate Billy Murdoch also made his first England appearance in this match, which was not given Test status until some time later. Ferris' performance helped crush the home side by an innings and 189 runs, but it was to prove his final international appearance. He had taken 61 Test wickets at an average of just 12.70; only George Lohmann had a better career average.

Ferris played several seasons of county cricket (1892–1895) with Gloucestershire, for whom he scored his only hundred in 1893 but was otherwise something of a failure. At the end of his career, he appeared in a single Sheffield Shield match for South Australia in 1895/96, opening the batting but making nought, then finally in 1897/98 in two more games for New South Wales. In his last match, he made a half-century but did not bowl a single ball.

Ferris enlisted in the British Army for the Second Boer War, but died at Durban, South Africa at the age of 33.

It was reported, and for many years believed, that Ferris died from “enteric fever” (typhoid), but recent research by Max Bonnell established that he died suddenly after a seizure while travelling on a tram, shortly after his dishonourable discharge from the army. The reasons for his discharge, and the precise cause of his death, are not known.

title: J. J. Ferris


text:
Mykonos restaurant assassinations

In the Mykonos restaurant assassinations (, تێرۆری میکۆنۆس; also the "Mykonos Incident"), Iranian-Kurdish opposition leaders Sadegh Sharafkandi, Fattah Abdoli, Homayoun Ardalan and their translator Nouri Dehkordi, were assassinated at the Mykonos Greek restaurant in Berlin, Germany on 17 September 1992. The assassination took place during the KDPI insurgency (1989–96), as part of the general Kurdish separatism in Iran. The assassins were believed by German courts to have links to Iranian intelligence. Kazem Darabi, an Iranian intelligence service employee, was tried and sentenced to life imprisonment by the Berlin Supreme Court.

Events
Sharafkandi, Abdoli, Ardalan and Dehkordi were murdered in a mafia-style attack at the Mykonos Greek restaurant located on Prager Straße in Berlin at about 11 pm on 17 September 1992. Three victims died instantly, while the fourth died at a hospital. In the same restaurant a meeting was scheduled of Ingvar Carlsson, a two-term Prime Minister of Sweden and leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party, Mona Sahlin, the secretary of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and Pierre Schori, the former Swedish State Secretary for Foreign Affairs. Due to a telephone call to Ingvar Carlsson from Carl Bildt, the then-current Prime Minister of Sweden, who urged Carlsson to immediately return to Sweden due to the alleged urgent state of the Swedish economy, all three flew back to Sweden the same day and thus probably escaped being assassinated as well.

Sharafkandi, Abdoli and Ardalan were buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery, in Paris.

Trial
The trial began in October 1993. In the trial the German court found Kazem Darabi, an Iranian who worked as a grocer in Berlin, Abdolraham Banihashemi, an Iranian intelligence officer, and Lebanese Abbas Hossein Rhayel, guilty of murder and sentenced them to life in prison. Two other Lebanese, Youssef Amin and Mohamed Atris, were convicted of being accessories to murder. A dissident ex-President of Iran Abolhassan Banisadr, who fled the country in 1981 after being impeached and has not returned since, testified as a witness during the trial and told the court that the killings had been personally ordered by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and then-president Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. There was also a getaway driver named Farajollah Haider (also known as Abu Ja'far).

Iranian officials, however, categorically denied their involvement in the incident. The then-speaker of the Iranian Parliament Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri dismissed the ruling as being political, untrue and unsubstantiated.

In its 10 April 1997 ruling, the court issued an international arrest warrant for Iranian intelligence minister Ali Fallahian after declaring that the assassination had been ordered by him with knowledge of Khamenei and Rafsanjani. This led to a diplomatic crisis between the government of Iran and those of several European countries lasting until November 1997. Despite international and domestic protests, Darabi and Rhayel were released from prison on 10 December 2007 and deported back to their home countries.

Adaptations in media
The events surrounding the Mykonos restaurant assassinations and subsequent trial were adapted into a non-fiction story by Roya Hakakian in her book Assassins of the Turquoise Palace in 2011.

The Mykonos restaurant assassinations (alongside the 1994 AMIA bombing) are attributed to Majid Javadi in the first episode of the third season of the 2011 American TV show Homeland.

title: Mykonos restaurant assassinations


text:
Sunstone

Sunstone is a microcline or oligoclase feldspar, which when viewed from certain directions exhibits a spangled appearance. It has been found in Southern Norway, Sweden, various United States localities and on some beaches along the midcoast of South Australia.

Physical properties
The optical effect is due to reflections from inclusions of red copper, hematite, or goethite, in the form of minute scales, which are hexagonal, rhombic, or irregular in shape, and are disposed parallel to the principal cleavage-plane. These inclusions give the stone an appearance something like that of aventurine, hence sunstone is known also as "aventurine-feldspar". The optical effect is called schiller and the color of Oregon Sunstone is due to copper. The middle part of this crystal sparkles, and usually the color is darkest in the middle and becomes lighter toward the outer edges.

The feldspar which usually displays the aventurine appearance is oligoclase, though the effect is sometimes seen in orthoclase: hence two kinds of sunstone are distinguished as "oligoclase sunstone" and "orthoclase sunstone".

Distribution
Sunstone was not popular until recently. Previously the best-known locality being Tvedestrand, near Arendal, in south Norway, where masses of the sunstone occur embedded in a vein of quartz running through gneiss.

Other locations include near Lake Baikal in Siberia, and several United States localities—notably at Middletown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania; Plush, Oregon; and Statesville, North Carolina. The "orthoclase sunstone" variant has been found near Crown Point and at several other localities in New York, as also at Glen Riddle in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and at Amelia Courthouse, Amelia County, Virginia.

Sunstone is also found in Pleistocene basalt flows at Sunstone Knoll in Millard County, Utah.

Andesine controversy
In the early 2000s, a new variety of red or green gemstone resembling sunstone and known as "Andesine" appeared in the gem market. After much controversy and debate, most of these gemstones, allegedly sourced from China, were subsequently discovered to have been artificially colored by a copper diffusion process. A Tibetan source of bona fide (untreated) red andesine, however, was eventually verified by a number of independent groups of well-respected gemologists.

Oregon sunstone
A variety known as "Oregon sunstone" is found in Harney County, Oregon and in eastern Lake County north of Plush. Oregon Sunstone contains elemental copper. Oregon Sunstone is unique in that crystals can be quite large. The copper leads to variant color within some stones, where turning one stone will result in manifold hues: the more copper within the stone, the darker the complexion.

On August 4, 1987, the Oregon State Legislature designated Oregon Sunstone as its state gemstone by joint resolution.

title: Sunstone


text:
LMS Ivatt Class 4

The LMS Ivatt Class 4 2-6-0 is a class of steam locomotive primarily designed for medium freight work but also widely used on secondary passenger services. The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) ordered 162 of this type between 1947 and 1952, but only three were built by the LMS before nationalisation in 1948. Designed by George Ivatt, they were classified 4F by the LMS and 4MT by British Railways (BR).

In BR days they were used extensively across the system, being prevalent on the London Midland region and to a lesser extent elsewhere, notably on the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway, an East Anglian line that had previously been joint owned by the LMS and LNER, where they became the dominant locomotive type. They were also used for a short period on the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway, but were quickly transferred elsewhere, never to return, because of poor steaming on the line's long and steep gradients – this was before modifications were made to the design which improved steaming notably.

Numbering
The first three engines were numbered 3000–3002 by the LMS, but became 43000–43002 when renumbered by BR – 40000 was added to the running number to indicate an ex-LMS locomotive. The remaining 159, built by BR, continued the number sequence: 43003–43161. Construction was divided between different locations, 75 were completed at Horwich Works, 50 at Doncaster Works and 37 at Darlington Works. The class was also sometimes called mucky ducks or doodlebugs or even flying pigs.

Design
The design was noted for its American looks – the running-plates were positioned at a high level and a gap left ahead of the cylinders. Because of this, many locomotive enthusiasts considered it to be the ugliest British locomotive produced, especially the first 50 locomotives, which were outshopped with double chimneys; however, these gave poor performance and were quickly replaced with single chimneys. The locomotives also incorporated new mechanical features intended to reduce maintenance costs. The utilitarian appearance was a deliberate design decision as there are sketches which show the locomotive with conventional curved running plates.

The BR Standard Class 4 2-6-0 was based on this design. Its looks were improved somewhat by the re-design of the outside foot-plating, to include a sloping plate to fill the gap ahead of the cylinders.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 8 August 1952, locomotive No. 43142 rolled off a turntable in South Lynn and fell into a muddy ditch. The incident became the inspiration for Gordon's accident in The Railway Series story Off The Rails, as well as the televised series' episode of the same name.
 * On 15 November 1964, locomotive No. 43072 was hauling a freight train which ran away and crashed at Adolphus Street Goods Yard, Bradford, Yorkshire. The locomotive was subsequently scrapped in situ.

Withdrawal
The class were withdrawn between 1963 and 1968.

Preservation
Only one example survived into preservation: No. 43106, the final member of the class in service, which was based at Lostock Hall depot, near Preston. Its last operational turn was just before Easter in 1968, but its last turn was interrupted by a derailment in Colne Goods Yard. Since 43106 had already been selected as the best of the remaining small group, a 'search party' was despatched on Easter Tuesday to survey the damage. It was felt that damage was so minimal the prospective owners would investigate the ease of a repair. On its return to Lostock Hall, the locomotive was repaired by fitters from Carnforth, that repair exists to this day. However, it derailed again at Lostock Hall when being prepared for a test run in late July.

It was steamed for the final time by British Railways on 1 August 1968 and departed at about 15:30 with one member of its new owning consortium on board. This was only after lengthy discussions to get the locomotive moved in live steam before 4 August, the end of steam operation on BR. The journey was carefully routed to limit movement 'under the wires', via Frodsham, Chester and Shrewsbury. The journey through the West Midlands continued via Wolverhampton High Level towards Bescot and Pleck Junction, where after a movement around a triangular junction to ensure it arrived the 'right way round' the light engine continued on to Stourbridge Junction where it was stabled overnight in the exchange sidings, now part of the extensive car park. On 2 August, it continued on to its new life in preservation on the Severn Valley Railway appearing on the front page of the Shropshire Journal with three of its new owners giving it a much needed clean. It is affectionately known as the Flying Pig, although many railwaymen referred to the Ivatt Class 4s as Doodlebugs.

Between 1975 and 1983, No. 43106 saw use on the mainline hauling railtours. In 1975, it attended the Rail 150 celebrations in Shildon and in 1980 it took part in the Rocket 150 celebrations at Rainhill. On a small number of occasions between 1980 and 1983, the engine saw use on a limited number of railtours, on some occasions double heading with fellow SVR based engines including: 5000, 7812 Erlestoke Manor and 80079.

A major overhaul of the locomotive was completed in 2009, but shortly afterwards suffered a derailment at Hampton Loade and required repairs. It received further repairs to the boiler in 2013, which included a renewed boiler ticket. This expired in January 2024 with a final appearance before withdrawal at the SVR's Winter Gala.

title: LMS Ivatt Class 4


text:
User talk:Amanaplanacanalpanama

YOU!
YOU, i say!!!!!!!! panama canal

A kitten for us!
≠ them.

Miyagi69 (talk) 12:13, 28 January 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Amanaplanacanalpanama


text:
Paul Mooney (comedian)

Paul Gladney (August 4, 1941 – May 19, 2021), better known by the stage name Paul Mooney, was an American comedian, writer, and actor. He collaborated with Redd Foxx, Eddie Murphy and Dave Chappelle, wrote for comedian Richard Pryor and the television series Sanford and Son, In Living Color and Chappelle's Show, as well as acting in The Buddy Holly Story (1978), the Spike Lee-directed satirical film Bamboozled (2000), and Chappelle's Show.

Early life
Mooney was born in 1941 in Shreveport, Louisiana, and moved to Oakland, California, seven years later. His parents were George Gladney and LaVoya Ealy. Mooney was raised primarily by his grandmother Aimay Ealy, known among the family as "Mama". Gladney coined the nickname "Mooney" after the original Scarface (1932) actor Paul Muni (which itself was the actor's stage name).

Career
Mooney became a ringmaster with the Gatti-Charles Circus. During his stint as ringmaster, he always found himself writing comedy and telling jokes, which later helped Mooney land his first professional work as a writer for Richard Pryor.

Mooney wrote some of Pryor's routines for his 1975 appearance on Saturday Night Live; co-wrote his material for Pryor's albums ...Is It Something I Said? (1975), Bicentennial Nigger (1976), and Live on the Sunset Strip (1982); and co-wrote the screenplay of Pryor's 1986 film Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life Is Calling. As the head writer for The Richard Pryor Show, he gave many young comics, such as Robin Williams, Sandra Bernhard, Marsha Warfield, John Witherspoon, and Tim Reid, their first break into show business.

Mooney also wrote for Redd Foxx's Sanford and Son and Good Times, acted in several cult classics including the Richard Pryor comedy films Which Way Is Up?, Bustin' Loose, and the cult satirical comedy Hollywood Shuffle, and portrayed singer/songwriter Sam Cooke in The Buddy Holly Story.

He was the head writer for the first year of Fox's In Living Color, inspiring the character Homey D. Clown, played by Damon Wayans. Mooney later went on to play Wayans' father in the Spike Lee-directed film Bamboozled as the comedian Junebug.

Mooney initially appeared in the sketches "Ask a Black Dude" and "Mooney at the Movies" on Comedy Central's Chappelle's Show. He later appeared as Negrodamus, an African American version of Nostradamus. As Negrodamus, Mooney ad-libbed the "answers to life's most unsolvable mysteries" such as "Why do white people love Wayne Brady?" (answer: "Because Wayne Brady makes Bryant Gumbel look like Malcolm X"). Mooney was planning to reprise his role as Negrodamus in the third season of the Chappelle's Show, before Dave Chappelle left the show due to creative and contractual differences.

In 2006, Mooney hosted the BET tribute to Black History Month titled ''25 Most @#%! Moments in Black History''. In this show, he narrated some of the most shameful incidents involving African Americans since 1980. The top 25 moments included incidents involving Marion Barry, Terrell Owens, Wilson Goode, Michael Jackson, Flavor Flav, Whitney Houston, and Tupac Shakur.

In 2007, Mooney released his first book, the memoir Black Is the New White.

In November 2014, Paul's brother announced that Mooney had prostate cancer. Mooney continued to tour, and perform his stand-up comedy act.

BET Comedy Awards
In September 2005, Mooney performed a segment at the 2005 BET Comedy Awards called the "Black People Wake Up Call Award", in which he jokingly presents an award to African American celebrities who neglected their blackness to try and blend in with Caucasians, only to find out they're still a "n-word " in their eyes. The "nominees" included Michael Jackson, Oprah Winfrey, Lil' Kim, and Diana Ross. Mooney awarded Ross and made numerous jokes about Ross's 2002 arrest for DUI. According to people who were in attendance, Mooney also made light of the death of Ross's ex-husband Arne Næss Jr., who fell while mountain climbing in 2004. Tracee Ellis Ross, Ross's daughter and Næss's stepdaughter, was also in attendance. She reportedly was so offended and embarrassed that she left the room. Backstage in the press room, Mooney was asked if he felt his performance was "over the top". Mooney replied: "How can somebody get arrested for (being under the influence) and go to jail and I be over the top? I think that's over the top, don't you? Agree or disagree, folks. No, comedy is not over the top. When you are a celebrity and you do crazy stuff, that's the game."

When Mooney was informed that Tracee Ellis Ross was in the audience, he stated: "I didn't know ... her mama could've been in there, that's not the point. I didn't drive drunk. Now I'm responsible for Diana Ross? If you scrutinize Jay Leno and David Letterman the same way you scrutinize me, then I'll agree with you, but if you don't touch them white folks don't touch me. They say whatever they want to say every night."

The majority of Mooney's performance was edited out of the televised broadcast and not aired.

"The N-Word"
On November 26, 2006, Mooney appeared on CNN and talked about how he would stop using the word "nigga" due to Michael Richards's outbursts on stage at the Laugh Factory. He referred to Richards as having become "his Dr. Phil" and "cured" him of the use of the epithet. Mooney also said, "We're gonna stop using the n-word. I'm gonna stop using it. I'm not gonna use it again and I'm not gonna use the b-word. And we're gonna put an end to the n-word. Just say no to the n-word. We want all human beings throughout the world to stop using the n-word."

On November 30, Mooney elaborated upon these remarks from his appearance on CNN as a guest of Farai Chideya on the National Public Radio program News & Notes. He declared that he would convene a conference on this controversial subject in the near future, as well as perform his first "n-free" comedy in the upcoming days.

That show, which he performed at the Lincoln Theater following a set by Dick Gregory, took place on December 2, 2006. Mooney almost made it through his entire set—about an hour of jokes—before he mistakenly used the word in a routine on O. J. Simpson. He ran off stage covering his face in his hands, and walked back on a few moments later saying, "I'm really going to get it now. This is probably already on the Internet." On the BET special 25 Events that Mis-Shaped Black America, Mooney reiterated that he was no longer using the word. He was quoted as saying, "I am no longer going to use the n-word. Instead of saying 'What's up my nigga,' say 'What's up my Michael Richards. At a summit with Jesse Jackson, Reverend Al Sharpton and Richards, Mooney forgave Richards.

Personal life
In an August 2019 interview with Comedy Hype, Richard Pryor's ex-bodyguard, Rashon Khan, alleged that Mooney had molested Pryor's son, Richard Pryor Jr., when Pryor Jr. was a child. Khan also alleged that Pryor had expressed a desire to have Mooney killed in a murder-for-hire plot over this incident and was only prevented from doing so by his 1980 fire incident. Richard Pryor Jr. has confirmed he was raped, but did not mention Mooney by name as his alleged rapist.

Death
On May 19, 2021, Mooney died of a heart attack at his home in Oakland, California, at the age of 79.

Stand-up

 * Race (StepSun Music/Tommy Boy, 1993) CD
 * Master Piece (StepSun Music, 1994) CD
 * Analyzing White America (SHOUT! Factory/Sony Music Video, 2004) DVD
 * Know Your History: Jesus Is Black; So Was Cleopatra (QD3 Entertainment, 2006) DVD
 * It's the End of the World (2010) DVD
 * Shaquille O' Neal's All Star Comedy Jam (2010) TV
 * The Godfather of Comedy (2012) TV

title: Paul Mooney (comedian)


text:
User talk:Bergsten

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 09:48, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Injector
This word implies here that the outlet is to our sorrounding atmosphere. i.e.,Earth's atmosphere.

--Dore chakravarty 22:32, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

Lovell and Apollo 13
To answer your question - yep. :-) Good edit. Michael Dorosh 15:17, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bergsten


text:
User talk:SourabhJ

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Create a User page.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log.
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Be bold!
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary.

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 09:48, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Your contributed article, List of Mudras (Yoga)

Hello, I noticed that you recently created a new page, List of Mudras (Yoga). First, thank you for your contribution; Wikipedia relies solely on the efforts of volunteers such as you. Unfortunately, the page you created covers a topic on which we already have a page – List of asanas. Because of the duplication, your article has been tagged for speedy deletion. Please note that this is not a comment on you personally and we hope you will continue helping to improve Wikipedia. If the topic of the article you created is one that interests you, then perhaps you would like to help out at List of asanas – you might like to discuss new information at the article's talk page.

If you think the article you created should remain separate, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, you can place a request here. Additionally if you would like to have someone review articles you create before they go live so they are not nominated for deletion shortly after you post them, allow me to suggest the article creation process and using our search feature to find related information we already have in the encyclopedia. Try not to be discouraged. Wikipedia looks forward to your future contributions. Vigyani (talk) 05:18, 14 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Thanks Vigyani. I have written on the talk page of the article contesting the speedy deletion. SourabhJ (talk) 06:23, 14 April 2013 (UTC)

Your contributed article, List of Mudras (Yoga)

Hello, I noticed that you recently created a new page, List of Mudras (Yoga). First, thank you for your contribution; Wikipedia relies solely on the efforts of volunteers such as you. Unfortunately, the page you created covers a topic on which we already have a page – List of mudras. Because of the duplication, your article has been tagged for speedy deletion. Please note that this is not a comment on you personally and we hope you will continue helping to improve Wikipedia. If the topic of the article you created is one that interests you, then perhaps you would like to help out at List of mudras – you might like to discuss new information at the article's talk page.

If you think the article you created should remain separate, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, you can place a request here. Additionally if you would like to have someone review articles you create before they go live so they are not nominated for deletion shortly after you post them, allow me to suggest the article creation process and using our search feature to find related information we already have in the encyclopedia. Try not to be discouraged. Wikipedia looks forward to your future contributions. — Cactus Writer (talk) 17:46, 14 April 2013 (UTC)

Hello, SourabhJ. You have new messages at CactusWriter's talk page. Message added — Cactus Writer (talk) 17:21, 15 April 2013 (UTC). You can [ remove this notice] at any time.

Artice Writing Problem
Dear Admin When I Am Writing About A Famous Person In wikipedia. Wikipedia Is Not Accepting My Article its saying i am writing about my self Or My Biography but its not true i am not writing about my self i am writing about another famous person whose significance is important and genuine to be included in wikipedia my article page is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Articles_for_creation/Sourabh_Kumar please verify that page and respond to me writing about a genuine person whose significance is important is the policy of wikipedia and only that i am doing but then also wikipedia is removing my article its worst you should accept it only the thing is i am not able to do citing and reference please give me the tutorial of citing and reference hope you will verify that page --Sourabh242 (talk) 07:32, 27 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Hi Sourabh242, I am not an Admin, so I cannot help you much - I suggest you read the Wikipedia documentation, as there are some good pages on how to cite references. I don't know the person 'Sourabh Kumar', so I can't verify that this is a genuine person. SourabhJ (talk) 07:56, 28 April 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:SourabhJ


text:
Autocue

Autocue is a UK-based manufacturer of teleprompter systems. The company was founded in 1955 and licensed its first on-camera teleprompter, based on a patent by Jess Oppenheimer, in 1962. Its products are used by journalists, presenters, politicians and video production staff in almost every country in the world. In Dutch, "autocue" became a genericized trademark as there is no Dutch word for teleprompter.

Prompting begins on paper
Prompting began with Jess Oppenheimer, a writer, producer and director on the TV show I Love Lucy in the early 1950s. To solve the problem of the actors forgetting their lines, he developed the teleprompter system. Oppenheimer took out a patent on the system. He licensed the patent to the teleprompting company Autocue in 1955. Meanwhile, a separate entity, QTV, was established in the US. Both companies started by renting teleprompting equipment to studios and these were the first "on-camera" teleprompters in the world.

Oppenheimer's paper-roll system survived until 1969 when Autocue introduced the first closed-circuit prompter. This used a closed-circuit camera system to screen a live video of a scrolling paper script, and display the image on a monitor attached to the front of the camera. The use of a two-way mirror system allowed the script image to be reflected onto a sheet of glass in front of the camera lens, meaning that the presenters were able to read their lines straight from the script while looking directly into the camera. The mirror system meant that the image of the script was not visible to the main camera lens, and indeed this is still the way that most teleprompting systems operate. QTV followed shortly afterwards with similar technology. In the 1970s both companies started selling hardware in addition to maintaining their rental operations.

In 1984, QTV acquired Autocue and retained the two brands in their respective regions. The following year, the newly formed Autocue Group released a computer-driven prompting system, ScriptNet. At the same time the first newsroom computer systems were beginning to appear in television stations.

Prompting enters the digital era
Autocue and QTV were also interested in digital prompting, leading to the development of their own scriptwriting and running order package. This package is used by many newsrooms, conferences, sitcoms, major drama productions, and more. This system worked on an early version of Microsoft Windows, and was named WinCue.

In 1994, the Autocue Group created the first flatscreen prompters.

The ability to receive, index and process stories from news agency wires was an early addition. Another requirement was the ability to control multiple playout devices, such as videotape machines and character generators, from a central running order. The Autocue Group accordingly developed its own automation system, as applicable to programme playout as to news. This was followed by the ability to handle media as well as words. Following a project with CNN, a wireless tablet PC-based system to effect and share script changes using ‘digital ink’ was added.

In 1998, a newsroom application company, DCM, based in Charlotte, North Carolina, was acquired to complement the existing newsroom product range.

Autocue have since introduced an IP-based prompting system, QMaster/QBox, which allows prompting over a network over any distance.

title: Autocue


text:
Mykonos (disambiguation)

Mykonos is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea.

Mykonos may also refer to:
 * Mykonos restaurant assassinations of several Iranian Kurdish opposition leaders at a restaurant in Berlin, Germany
 * "Mykonos" (song), a song by the band Fleet Foxes

title: Mykonos (disambiguation)


text:
Euphorbia amygdaloides

Euphorbia amygdaloides, the wood spurge, is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, native to woodland locations in Europe, Turkey and the Caucasus. It is a bushy evergreen perennial, growing to a height of 80 cm, with dark green slightly hairy leaves about 6 cm long. The complex green-yellow inflorescence (cyathium), typical of Euphorbia, appears in late spring and early summer.

It is among the few plants that thrive in the dry shade of trees, where it is used as groundcover. It spreads rapidly by underground rhizomes and can become invasive, though relatively easy to remove.

One form known is Euphorbia 'Efanthia'. The subspecies E. amygdaloides subsp. robbiae (Turrill) Stace, known as Mrs Robb's bonnet, is grown as a garden plant, and has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

The milky latex of the plant is toxic and can cause irritation on contact with the skin.

title: Euphorbia amygdaloides


text:
Paper jam

Paper jam may refer to:

 * The situation where paper gets stuck in a computer printer
 * Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam, a 2015 video game
 * Paper Jamz, a defunct toyline

title: Paper jam


text:
Talk:Grodno Region

Poles in Hrodna
Hmmm... According to the 1989 census there were roughly 417.700 Poles in Belarus, huge majority of them living in the area of Grodno. At the same time this article claims that there are only 2.800 of Poles. What happened to the rest of them? Also, why is the alleged number of Poles living there much smaller than the number of the Polish Association in Belarus (ZPB)? Halibutt 10:00, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * OK I know: the belarusian web site is screwed up. The title says Hrodna, but the text speaks about "Mogilev region". A cut-n-paste problem, so data is unverified. I will look for Hrodna. mikka (t) 15:26, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Fixed. Thanks for the vigilance. Jeszcze Polska nie zginiela! mikka (t) 15:59, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

twaj Thanks for the detective work, guys - I guess you can hold Lukashenko responsible - it won't be the worst thing he's done!

Restored Polish landguage reference
Restored the Polish language reference that was removed. There is a significant polish-speaking minority in the current Voblast. Ajh1492 (talk) 12:47, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
 * There is a significant Polish speaking minority in London as well, why not add Polish there? --Kuban Cossack (По-балакаем?) 12:50, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I would add it to Chicago since it is the 2nd largest Polish-speaking city on the planet, but it's Chicago in Polish. Hrodna Voblast, by the Belarus government, has a significant Polish minority, what is the problem with leaving the Polish reference in the article? Ajh1492 (talk) 13:56, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Because Polish is not official in Belarus. Only Belarusian and Russian are. It does not even have regional status on Oblast level. --Kuban Cossack (По-балакаем?) 14:34, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Polish minority in Belarus Ajh1492 (talk) 15:06, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Administrative divisions of Belarus which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RM bot 17:30, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

Controversial changes to the article
User:Iryna Harpy introduced the following with one edit Additionally she changed links to articles that are named "X District" to lead to "X district". I reverted that. Then she asks, coupled with personal attacks, that I revert all my edits to Belarus "please revert all of your changes to Belarus, Ukraine, etc.". Derianus (talk) 02:37, 21 October 2014 (UTC)
 * calling the entity "province" in the text while the article is named with the designator "region"
 * talk of "Grodno region" during WW2, which could mean a loosely defined area and not the administrative region/oblast
 * "Grodno region constitutes one of 6 provinces" sic!

title: Talk:Grodno Region


text: Category:Mendicant orders

title: Category:Mendicant orders


text: Category:Non-volatile memory

title: Category:Non-volatile memory


text:
User talk:Andyroid

Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  10:01, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Andyroid


text:
User talk:Toddler3

Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  10:01, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of The Institute of Transport Management

A tag has been placed on The Institute of Transport Management requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article, which appears to be about a real person, individual animal(s), an organization (band, club, company, etc.), or web content, does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. If this is the first page that you have created, then you should read the guide to writing your first article.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the article (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. — 141.156.161.245 (talk) 05:42, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of PareX Parts Exchange

The article PareX Parts Exchange has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * non-notable company

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. -- Alan Liefting (talk) - 05:52, 20 June 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:PareXPartsExchnageLogo.png
 Thanks for uploading File:PareXPartsExchnageLogo.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 12:17, 28 June 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Toddler3