text:
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Argyrosargyrou

In order to remain listed at Requests for comment, at least two people need to show that they tried to resolve a dispute with this user and have failed. This must involve the same dispute, not different disputes. The persons complaining must provide evidence of their efforts, and each of them must certify it by signing this page with ~. If this does not happen within 48 hours of the creation of this dispute page (which was: 20:16, 29 May 2005 (UTC)), its subject may request for the page to be deleted. The current date and time is:, 29 July 2024 (UTC).

'Please note that this RfC has been superseded by a Request for arbitration. Comments from other parties are welcomed.' -- ChrisO 20:36, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * (Argyrosargyrou | talk | contributions)

Statement of the dispute
This dispute is with user Argyrosargyrou about his disruptive behaviour on wikipedia, while editing and while contributing on Talk pages, for personal attacks against various users, and for attempted disruption of a VfD page. Users signing other sections should not edit here.

Description
On the Cyprus dispute article, Argyrosargyrou has blocked so far all attempts to come to terms on a version of the article that can be agreed on by all sides. He tried to instate the version that can be found on the page of the Republic of Cyprus government, which as a part of the Cyprus dispute cannot be possibly neutral, thereby violating NPOV guidelines on wikipedia as well as copyrights of the webpages.

Intermittently, he tried to open a parallel page entitled "Cyprus Issue", which was first closed for copyright violations then redirected to the original article. When Cyprus_dispute was finally locked to end the editing war between Argyrosargyrou and everyone else, he tried to open another parallel page on Turkish invasion of Cyprus, again copying the RoC government page.

He has created "mirror" articles on several other topics when unhappy with the progress of the main article. Hellenic (Greek) Genocide is an attempt to circumvent copyright violation and VfD processes on Hellenic Genocide. Cyprus problem and Cyprus issue have been created to shortcut the editing process at Cyprus dispute. Turkish Invasion of Cyprus is another example of this behavior.

All attempts to discuss with this user have proven futile, he continues to designate all users who disagree with him as Turkish nationalists, Turkish apologists or accused them of vandalising the page. He does not even try to contribute in a productive or result-oriented way, which is proven by his tries to instate parallel articles to the Cyprus dispute one as well as his contributions to Talk pages. Ample evidence can be found on the Cyprus dispute Talk pages and its archives, as well as his contributions.

He also tried to disrupt the VfD/Hellenic_Genocide page, as can be seen here.

''{Add summary here, but you must use the section below to certify or endorse it. Users who edit or endorse this summary should not edit the other summaries.}''

Evidence of disputed behavior
(provide diffs and links)
 * Talk:Cyprus_dispute
 * Talk:Cyprus_dispute/Archive_2 (some unsigned contributions by Argyrosargyrou, but the style is recognisable; ample evidence), for example
 * Quote: "LOL.. Neither Expatkiwi, Snchduer, and RickK are contributing from a neutral standpoint. Snchduer, and RickK have all shown from their contributions here and elsewhere that they are behaving like apologists, with RickK going so far as to demand that the page on the Hellenic Genocide be deleted. EA. is a Turkish Cypriot nationalist and like RickK wants the history of the Hellenic Genocide suppressed so its no wonder he is doing the same on the history of Cyprus. And you accuse me of saying my view of history is the only acceptable one. I am saying that Expatkiwi, Snchduer, RickK and EA. are all on the side of Turkey and that balance is needed which none of them have provided. Snchduer has deleted all the historical facts and figures I added so as to equate legality with illegality and EA continues to reputedly sabotage the page by reverting to earlier pro-Turkish edits. --Argyrosargyrou 17:19, 26 May 2005 (UTC)"
 * Warnings to all users who edited except for himself to stop spreading Turkish propaganda; example: Quote: "Stop using this page as a Turkish propaganda site. The history of Turkish aggression in Cyprus WILL be given like it or not. Your attempt to remove it and introduce a Turkish biased propaganda account is sabotage." (from "Warning to E.A")
 * Talk:Cyprus_dispute/Archive_3
 * Quote: "Stop Vandalising this article and discuss the facts. I have discussed the edits I want made above and in previous threads. Expatkiwi has expressed his bias towards Turkey both here and in other pages, E.A is a Turkish Cypriot nationalist and RickK is an apologist, that wants the page on the Hellenic Genocide removed, just like you are. (...) --Argyrosargyrou 20:22, 28 May 2005 (UTC)" (comment by snchduer: Argyrosargyrou has hardly ever tried to discuss edits)
 * For the NPOV policy: Argyrosargyrou's version of the Cyprus dispute article, which is largely identical with Aspects of the Cyprus Problem from The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office - for comparison: A detailed Cyprus Problem site from The TFSC and Turkey and Balanced and impartial internet site on the conflict

CROSS-EXAMINATION by the defence

 * The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office is considered to be a neutral source on the substantive humanitarian issues of the Cyprus dispute which is between Tureky and the RoC, the EU and the UN, and is also public domain infromation. The United Nations Security Council has declared the Turkish invasion and occupation of Cyprus ILLEGAL. This is not a point of view, but a point of FACT. The issues of the ethnic cleansing of the Greek Cypriots, the Turkish destruction of Cyprus cultural heritage, the Missing Persons, Turkeys proven crimes against humanity, and the Illegal Turkish Colonisation of Cyprus in violation of Article 49 of the Geneva Convention are all POINTS OF FACT that have been accepted by the UN, the EU and the European Court and Commission of Human Rights. --Argyrosargyrou 10:00, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Most of the users articles and edits have centred around creating a negative view of Turkish people to an extent i deem racist. These articles include Hellenic Genocide (up for deletion), Turkish Holocaust Chronological Index (up for deletion), Cyprus dispute (currently protected from his edits, from which he earned a 3RR ban) - he tried to work his way round this by creating: Cyprus issue (deleted), Cyprus problem (deleted) and now Turkish Invasion of Cyprus. His contributions seem to be part of a larger picture of a campaign on the Internet to smear the name of Turkish people:
 * http://www.argyrosargyrou.fsnet.co.uk/turkey/Turkey.htm
 * http://www.argyrosargyrou.fsnet.co.uk/Violate.htm
 * http://www.argyrosargyrou.fsnet.co.uk/humanrig.htm
 * http://www.argyrosargyrou.fsnet.co.uk/introduc.htm
 * Argyrosargyrou's attack on Feco (cf. heading)
 * NPOV, nationalism: Argyrosargyrou's try to edit the Turkish Cypriot genocide page (disputed topic)
 * personal abuse: namecalling on "Turkish Cypriot Genocide"
 * Ignored the Vote for Deletion consensus on article Hellenic Genocide and created it again: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hellenic_Genocide&oldid=14582972
 * This article has been speedily deleted in accordance with the speedy deletion policy. -- ChrisO 14:56, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The article has returned again, this time from an anon IP. I've just marked it for speedy deletion. Feco 16:33, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Also created article Hellenic (Greek) Genocide to maintain POV content.
 * This article has been speedy-deleted as a recreation of Hellenic Genocide. --Kiand 16:03, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Allegedly trying to push through his view on Cyprus reunification referendum, 2004 using multiple IPs, thus trying to evade the WP:3RR rule: article history - user contributions; remarkably, the editing comments of the anonymous users are identical to those by Argyrosargyrou!
 * Worse than that: he's illegally using open proxies, mostly in a number of East Asian countries. I think this has gone far enough - I'll raise a request for arbitration on this joker. -- ChrisO 17:14, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

CROSS-EXAMINATION by the defence

 * Oh yes.... So publishing the Reports of the European Commission of Human Rights on Turkey's human rights abuses carried out during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus at http://www.argyrosargyrou.fsnet.co.uk/humanrig.htm is a campaign to smear the name of Turkish people. Oh is it. And I suppose mentioning the Nuremberg trials concerning the NAZI holocaust is also a campaign to smear the name of German people. Somehow I don't think so in either case. I cite this distortion of the facts by taking offence at any mention of human rights as another tactic used by Turkish apologists to slander their opponents. Since this is personal abuse directed against me and filthy lies this page should be deleted. --Argyrosargyrou 09:52, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Applicable policies
{list the policies that apply to the disputed conduct}
 * WP:NPOV
 * No_personal_attacks
 * abuse of VfD process
 * disruptive behaviour
 * 3RR violation

Evidence of trying and failing to resolve the dispute
(provide diffs and links)
 * Cyprus dispute: how to proceed
 * Cyprus dispute archive 3: Past tries on solveing the editing war
 * Cyprus disput archive 2: How to edit
 * Cyprus dispute archive 2: This sums up the Cyprus dispute (anonymous replies by Argyrosargyrou)

Users certifying the basis for this dispute
(sign with ~ )
 * Snchduer 20:16, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * E.A 22:59, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Expatkiwi 23:30, 29 May 2005
 * RickK 04:04, May 30, 2005 (UTC)

Other users who endorse this summary
(sign with ~ )
 * Sarg 21:48, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Feco 22:44, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Mgm|(talk) 08:01, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 14:21, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * ChrisO 17:01, 30 May 2005 (UTC). Yet another tiresome ultranationalist - it won't be long before he gets banned at this rate.
 * Klonimus 09:48, 31 May 2005 (UTC) I don't think banning is appropriate, just a few month block on editing anything related to cyprus or turkey. Klonimus 09:48, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Scimitar 22:11, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Kiand 14:48, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC). User has been issuing violent personal attacks and probably heavily sockpuppeting.

Response
This is a summary written by the user whose conduct is disputed, or by other users who think that the dispute is unjustified and that the above summary is biased or incomplete.

{Add summary here, but you must use the endorsement section below to sign. Users who edit or endorse this summary should not edit the other summaries.}

RIGHT TO A DEFENCE
This is nothing more that a anti-Hellenic hate page directed against me. It is nothing short of personal abuse and on these grounds I demand that it be deleted immediately. It was not set up under the proper procedures and on those grounds it should be deleted. It was set up in order to pursue a content dispute by the Turkish apologists who have signed it, nameley Snchduer, E.A, Expatkiw, RickK. All of these people along with Feco have voted for the deletion of the Hellenic Genocide page and are therefore engaged in a campaign to cover up Turkeys crimes against humanity. Feco has abused his privileges in order to pursue his dispute dispute and placed a 3 false copyright violation notices on pages I have created including the Hellenic Genocide page which uses Public Domain text which was published in 1978 as public domain and is also by default out of copyright under the 25 year US no-renewal law, the page on the author Leonidas Koumakis who has written about the Hellenic Genocide for which I have permission from the copyright holder HEC.GREECE.ORG to use the biography and the page on the author Thea Halo who has also written about the Hellenic Genocide which contained a biography about her used in good faith under the fair use law. This is a deliberate attempt to use Wikipedia privileges in order to impose Censorship so as to conceal a historical event that these Turkish apologists do not want to be known. This is a typical tacktic used by Turkish apologists in general. Another tactic that these apologists are using is being used in the "Cyprus dispute" content dispute that they have initiated. They have excluded all historical facts and figures from that page which relate to the substance Cyprus dispute and have tried to equate legality with illegality. They have insulted Greek Cypriot refugees and their families such as mine by equating brutal and savavge Ethnic Cleansing of Greek Cypritos carried out by Turkey which has been proven by the European Court and Commission of Human Rights with a UN voluntary transfer of Turkish Cypriots to the occupied areas at the instance of Turkey. They will not allow the biased page they have created to be modified in any way from their biased view since they keep Vandalising the page every time I try to include any historical facts and figures no matter how neutral the source may be, even Turkish sources, which show them to be wrong. Because they have ganged up with each other to keep reverting the page every time I try to render it neutral and include the historical facts I have had no choice other than to create an alternative page on the illegal Turkish invasion of Cyprus based on public domain information obtained from the Cyprus government.

This page should be deleted at once.--Argyrosargyrou 09:41, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

CROSS-EXAMINATION by the defence Comment on point 4

The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office is considered to be a neutral source on the substantive humanitarian issues of the Cyprus dispute which is between Tureky and the RoC, the EU and the UN, and is also public domain infromation. The United Nations Security Council has declared the Turkish invasion and occupation of Cyprus ILLEGAL. This is not a point of view, but a point of FACT. The issues of the ethnic cleansing of the Greek Cypriots, the Turkish destruction of Cyprus cultural heritage, the Missing Persons, Turkeys proven crimes against humanity, and the Illegal Turkish Colonisation of Cyprus in violation of Article 49 of the Geneva Convention are all POINTS OF FACT that have been accepted by the UN, the EU and the European Court and Commission of Human Rights. --Argyrosargyrou 10:00, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

CROSS-EXAMINATION by the defence Comment on point 4,2

Oh yes.... So publishing the Reports of the European Commission of Human Rights on Turkey's human rights abuses carried out during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus at http://www.argyrosargyrou.fsnet.co.uk/humanrig.htm is a campaign to smear the name of Turkish people. Oh is it. And I suppose mentioning the Nuremberg trials concerning the NAZI holocaust is also a campaign to smear the name of German people. Somehow I don't think so in either case. I cite this distortion of the facts by taking offence at any mention of human rights as another tactic used by Turkish apologists to slander their opponents. Since this is personal abuse directed against me and filthy lies this page should be deleted. --Argyrosargyrou 09:52, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):

--Argyrosargyrou 09:43, 30 May 2005 (UTC) --

Outside view
This is a summary written by users not directly involved with the dispute but who would like to add an outside view of the dispute.

Why there are so many contradictions with Turkic people and issues involving them? Have you ever heard about German issues (for example)? Turkic people are very much affraid on Genocides recognitions, because they still deny this crime. There are too many Turks in the world. If they all come here one day, they will vote to delete all articles, which they don't like. This is what pan-turkism is all about! Seems like this unusual activity of Turkic people in Wikipedia and on some other Internet sides (mainly, on forums) is dirrectly supported by Turkic governement.- User:Solomon

 * possible sockpuppet- The above comment is signed by a User:Solomon but was created by User:Dionis according to this page's edit history. User:Dionis has only contributed to the family of articles involved in this dispute. Dionis contributions Feco 15:25, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Agree. Dionis' only actions are votes to keep on Votes for deletion/Hellenic Genocide and Votes for deletion/Turkish Holocaust Chronological Index, a revert to Argyro's version of the Hellenic Genocide and this very contribution. - Snchduer 16:31, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Disagree. You have to prove your point. Turkey has commited a number of Genocide crimes. And all of you, who actively deny these facts, are crimunals too. 72.25.94.60 18:35, 30 May 2005 (UTC).
 * Another possible sockpuppet - the comment above is the anon user's only recorded contribution to Wikipedia. -- ChrisO 19:03, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Feco and Snchduer are both directly involved in the dispute so what are they doing posting comments here ? The same can be said about ChrisO. --Argyrosargyrou 15:42, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

I cautiously support Argyrosargyrou. It is an irony that there are people here who claim to uphold the neutral point of view but here are very skilled in writing pro-Turkish viewpoints into articles, just like Argyrosargyrou is skilled in including his viewpoint. I support him because he has a right of freedom of expression just like anyone else. I use the word "caution" because of the manner that it has occured from both sides, me included. I apologize of course for my actions but I cannot apologize for a point of view and neither should Argyrosargyrou for that matter. Therefore I make a proposal for an Opposing Viewpoints page on this issue. Split the page in half and along each and every issue supply the points of view for both sides without getting all hyped up about being proturkish or progreek or whatever. The article should not include name calling. Perhaps there will be some convergence of views. (UNFanatic 18:32, 30 May 2005 (UTC))

{Add summary here, but you must use the endorsement section below to sign. Users who edit or endorse this summary should not edit the other summaries.}

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Delirium 00:17, May 31, 2005 (UTC) Given that the accusers in question are ultra-nationalists who are spewing out extremist fringe articles like Turkish Cypriot Genocide (a term that gets a mere 9 google hits, and that not even the northern Cyprus government uses), I would take any of their claims with a grain of salt. --Delirium 00:17, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Sinistro 17:29, 31 May 2005 (UTC) Audiatur et altera pars. "Let the other side be heard", whether it be Cypriot or Turkish, provided it is done in a civil manner. Readers can then decide for themselves.Sinistro 17:29, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Phlogistomania 14:10, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC) - I think both sides need a good read of WP:AGF
 * 4) --Ank99 06:41, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC) This is obviously a group effort with a strong opposite POV trying to silence the other POV. The Cyprus problem is a problem of POV so let both views be heard.

Discussion
All signed comments and talk not related to a vote or endorsement, should be directed to this page's discussion page.

 * Note, first, that freedom of expression is not relevant here; Wikipedia is an encyclopædia, not Speakers' Corner. Secondly, and relatedly, NPoV doesn't mean presenting two sets of exaggerations, bigoted interpreattions, and misrepresentations, and letting the reader decide; it means presenting the facts, and letting the reader know about differening opinions.  Argyrosargyrou considers that anyone who doesn't agree with him is prejudiced, but his position is so extreme that almost everyone turns out to be prejudiced.  Anyone who knows me and my background would find the idea that I'm a Turkish apologist to be ludicrous; only someone whose views are distorted by hatred and prejudice would accuse me of such a thing.  Wikipedia isn't the palce for hatred and prejudice. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 19:06, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Technical question to more experienced users/admins: Should the accused user (Argyrosargyrou) edit the "Evidence of disputed behaviour" section, or should his answers be limited to the "Response" section? - Snchduer 12:23, 30 May 2005 (UTC)


text:
Baños de Agua Santa

Baños de Agua Santa, commonly referred to as Baños, is a city in eastern Tungurahua Province of Ecuador. Baños is the second most populous city in Tungurahua, after the capital Ambato, and is a major tourist center. Baños is known as the "Gateway to the Amazon," as it is the last city still located in the mountain region before reaching the jungle and other towns that are located in the Amazon River basin.

Baños is located at an elevation of 1,820 metres (5,971 feet) on the northern foothills of the Tungurahua volcano, whose activity has been characterized by frequent powerful ash explosions and lava flows that can be seen from Banos.

Etymology
Baños de Agua Santa (Spanish for Baths of Holy Water ) is named after the hot springs located around the city which have a reputation of having healing properties due to the various minerals they contain.

History
The city is also a Catholic religious center, as some Catholic believers say that the Virgin Mary appeared nearby a waterfall. Due to this belief, a sculpture of the virgin, called Virgen de Agua Santa, was placed in the city's cathedral.

The history of the town has been intimately linked to the highly-active Tungurahua volcano. In October 1999, all 17,000+ residents were forced to evacuate the city for weeks.

Geography
Baños is located on the northern foothills of the Tungurahua volcano.

Along with the town Pillaro, Baños is known as a good starting point for exploring the remote Llanganates National Park and its attractions including Cerro Hermoso. The city itself has a main central park across from the cathedral.

Nearby waterfalls include Virgen de Agua Santa, Inés María, Agoyán, El Manto de la Novia, Pailón del Diablo and Machay.

Economy
Baños is a popular tourist destination in Ecuador due to its natural environment (it is home to more than 60 waterfalls) and its adventure sports. Locals and visitors alike undertake rafting, kayaking, canyoning, bridge jumping, hiking, biking and horseback riding.

Baños is also known for its production of taffy (melcocha ) made from cane sugar, and for small shops that sell parrot sculptures made of balsa wood.

Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, Baños has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen: Cfb or Cwb).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Baños de Agua Santa


text:
Drew Endy

Andrew (Drew) David Endy (born 1970) is a synthetic biologist and tenured associate professor of bioengineering at Stanford University, California.

Education
Endy received his PhD from Dartmouth College in 1997 for his work on genetic engineering using T7 phage.

Career
Endy was a junior fellow for three years and later an Assistant Professor of Biological Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2002–2008). In 2008, Endy moved to Stanford University, where he currently serves as an Associate Professor of Bioengineering.

Research
With Thomas Knight, Gerald Jay Sussman, Randy Rettberg, and others at MIT, Endy worked on synthetic biology and the engineering of standardized biological components, devices, and parts, collectively known as BioBricks. Endy is one of several founders of the Registry of Standard Biological Parts, and invented an abstraction hierarchy for integrated genetic systems.

Endy has been one of the early promoters of open source biology, and helped start the Biobricks Foundation, a not-for-profit organization that will work to support open-source biology. He was also a co-founder of the now defunct Codon Devices, a biotechnology startup company that aimed to commercialize synthetic biology.

In 2009, Michael Specter called Endy "synthetic biology’s most compelling evangelist" in his book Denialism: How Irrational Thinking Hinders Scientific Progress, Harms the Planet, and Threatens Our Lives, as Endy is persistent in discussing both the prospects and dangers of synthetic biology.

Endy headed a team of researchers that in March 2013 created the biological equivalent of a transistor, which they dubbed a "transcriptor". The invention was the final of the three components necessary to build a fully functional biocomputer: data storage, information transmission, and a basic system of logic.

Endy is a founder and steering group member of the Build-a-Cell Initiative, an international collaboration investigating creation of synthetic live cells.

title: Drew Endy


text:
User:Electricmoose/My Pages

My Pages
These are the pages I have contributed to:

 * Sniper (Speed And Distance Of A Sniper Bullet)
 * Dennis the Menace (UK)
 * The Adventures of Tintin
 * The Magic Roundabout
 * Wellingborough (Wellingborough School)
 * Nintendo GameCube
 * Just William
 * iPod
 * Castle Ashby
 * Electromagnet
 * Model car
 * Corgi Cars (I Started!)
 * Die Cast cars
 * Mettoy-Corgi
 * Aston Martin
 * 2005 Six Nations Championship
 * Air Force One
 * Cars (movie)
 * Mountain bike
 * Cat
 * Rabbit
 * IPod shuffle
 * Game Boy Player
 * Luigi's Mansion
 * Bowser
 * Wikistory
 * Professor E. Gadd (I Started!)
 * Supermarine Spitfire
 * Deer
 * Hitler Youth
 * British and Irish Lions
 * 2005 British and Irish Lions tour to New Zealand
 * Dirty Harry
 * The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
 * Lee Van Cleef
 * Eli Wallach
 * Official Monster Raving Loony Party
 * .44 Magnum
 * Alex Rider
 * SilverFin
 * The Supernaturalist
 * Artemis Fowl (book)
 * Artemis Fowl
 * Artemis Fowl: The Arctic Incident
 * Artemis Fowl: The Eternity Code
 * Splinter Cell
 * Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell
 * Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow
 * Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory
 * The Outlaw Josey Wales
 * The Shadows
 * Google
 * Microsoft Paint
 * Babolat
 * Alcatraz Island
 * Game Boy Advance
 * Game Boy Advance SP
 * Game Boy Micro
 * Nintendo GameCube
 * Nintendo iQue
 * PlayStation 2
 * Dreamcast
 * Xbox
 * Gizmondo
 * Nintendo DS
 * Nintendo Revolution
 * PlayStation 3
 * PlayStation Portable
 * Xbox 360
 * Category:Seventh-generation_video_game_consoles(I started)
 * 3DO Interactive Multiplayer
 * AmigaCD32
 * Atari Jaguar
 * Game Boy Color
 * Nintendo 64
 * Nintendo Virtual Boy
 * PlayStation
 * Sega Saturn
 * Category:Fifth-generation_video_game_consoles(I started)
 * CD-i
 * Game Boy
 * Neo Geo CD
 * Neo-Geo
 * Sega 32X
 * Sega Genesis
 * Sega Mega Drive
 * Sega Mega-CD
 * Super Nintendo Entertainment System
 * SuperGrafx
 * TurboGrafx 16
 * Category:Forth-generation_video_game_consoles(I started)
 * Amstrad GX4000
 * Atari 7800
 * Nintendo Entertainment System
 * SG-1000 Mark III
 * Sega Master System
 * Category:Third-generation_video_game_consoles (I started)
 * Arcadia 2001
 * Atari 2600
 * Atari 5200
 * Colecovision
 * Intellivision
 * SG-1000
 * Vectrex
 * Category:Second-generation_video_game_consoles (I started)
 * Bally Astrocade
 * Coleco Telstar
 * Fairchild Channel F
 * Magnavox Odyssey
 * Magnavox Odyssey²
 * Pong-based Units
 * RCA Studio 2
 * Category:First-generation_video_game_consoles(I started)
 * Fractal
 * Category:History of computer and video games
 * Avedis Zildjian Company

Please note: pages I have contributed to, and my contributed pictures, may have been edited or submitted by me in my other wiki account.

title: User:Electricmoose/My Pages


text:
Treaty of Nonsuch

The Treaty of Nonsuch was signed on 10 August 1585 by Elizabeth I of England and the Dutch rebels fighting against Spanish rule. It was the first international treaty signed by what would become the Dutch Republic. It was signed at Nonsuch Palace, England.

Terms
The treaty was provoked by the signing of the Treaty of Joinville in 1584 between Philip II of Spain and the Catholic League in which Philip II promised to finance the League.

Elizabeth I agreed to supply 6,400 foot soldiers and 1,000 cavalry (who were to be led by Robert Dudley, the 1st Earl of Leicester) which were initially intended as a way of lifting the siege of Antwerp, with an annual subsidy of 600,000 florins, about a quarter of the annual cost of the revolt. As a surety for this assistance, the Dutch were to hand over Brill and Flushing to England, which it would garrison at its own expense. They were known as the Cautionary Towns.

The treaty granted Elizabeth the right to appoint two councillors to the Council of State of the United Provinces.

The surety provoked the objection of Zeeland, which was to lose the most by this measure. Elizabeth rejected the title of General of the Provinces, offered to her in the treaty.

Aftermath
Philip II viewed the treaty as a declaration of war against him by Elizabeth I, and the Anglo-Spanish War is conventionally considered to have begun at this point. Three years later, he launched the Spanish Armada and attempted to invade and conquer England. The resources spent by Philip on the Armada (10 million ducats) undoubtedly diverted significant resources from fighting the Dutch revolt. Around 110 million ducats were spent on the partly-successful campaign against the resurgent revolt.

The Treaty of Nonsuch was renewed and amended by the Treaty of Westminster of 6/16 August 1598 between the States-General and the Privy Council on behalf of Elizabeth.

title: Treaty of Nonsuch


text:
User talk:Bogdangiusca/languages

Many thanks, it's great to have this list! — mark ✎ 20:18, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bogdangiusca/languages


text:
File:Vehiclesandanimals.athlete.album.cover.jpg

Fair use in Vehicles and Animals
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.


text:
Unicenter

Unicenter may refer to:

 * CA Unicenter, a software suite
 * Unicenter (shopping), a large mall and entertainment complex in Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina

title: Unicenter


text: User talk:69.107.248.206

title: User talk:69.107.248.206


text: User talk:82.49.168.188

title: User talk:82.49.168.188


text:
Paffendorf

Paffendorf is a German electronic dance music project. The group consists of Ramon Zenker, also producer of Fragma, Gottfried Engels and Nicolas Valli. The project is represented by the Cologne DJ Christian Schmitz, active on Tiger Records. Paffendorf is best known for their 2000 hit, "Where Are You", although they have had various successful hits across Europe, their best known in the UK being "Be Cool," which peaked at number 7 in the UK Singles Chart in June 2002. Their song, "Under My Skin", had become an Internet meme, featuring Momo, a character from the anime series Sumomomo Momomo repetitively imitating a train engine with her hands and jumping up and down. The song had been sped up to sound similar and rival to a more popular Internet meme, Caramelldansen.

History
Ramon Zenker was involved in a number of dance music projects in the late 80's, including Interactive ("Who Is Elvis"). Engel's and Zenker's Samba dance project Bellini, centered around three female singers, began in 1997 with the release of "Samba de Janeiro" in various versions. It became an international hit (#2 in Germany) and was followed by an album and more singles.

The trance project Paffendorf debuted with "Smile" (#22 in Germany) in 1998. "Ruf Mich An" / "Call Me Now" and "Terminator" achieved Top 50 status. In the year 2000 they continued in that vein and made their breakthrough: "Where are You" went into the German Top 15 with "Everybody Scream" also making the Top 50. Their hit album, Dance City was also placed firmly in the Top 50 of the album charts. The track "Rhythm And Sex" continued the run, whilst "Be Cool" went to #7 in the UK Singles Chart in June 2002. At the same time Zenker co-founded and produced the Fragma ("Toca's Miracle").

Their thirteenth single release, "Under My Skin", was successful in Japan, particular in the video hosting service, NicoNico Douga. It was first shown in a fan-vid featuring the character Momo from Sumomomo Momomo, plus the Jens O Remix version of the song that was shortened and played twice. Westerners sometimes called this the "Paffendorf Dance". Another version of this video involved characters from Lucky Star.

Albums

 * 2000: Dance City
 * 2001: Be Cool
 * 2007: Planet Dance

Videos

 * 1998: Smile
 * 1998: Ruf Mich An
 * 1998: Terminator 2 Theme: Main Title
 * 2000: Where Are You
 * 2001: Rhythm & Sex
 * 2002: Be Cool
 * 2002: Crazy, Sexy, Marvellous
 * 2005: On & On
 * 2006: La La La Girl
 * 2006: Where Are You 2007

title: Paffendorf


text:
Mehran, Ilam

Mehran is a city in the Central District of Mehran County, Ilam province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

Mehran is near Iran's western border with Iraq. Because of its strategic proximity - only two hours' drive from Baghdad - the city has played a continuing role in dealings between Iran and Iraq.

In May 1981, during the Iran–Iraq War, in the Battle of Mehran, Iraqi forces captured Mehran, on the western plain of the Zagros Mountains and pushed eastward to the mountain base. Along with other Iraqi forces, they had been driven out by 1982-83.

Demographics
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 13,118 in 2,958 households. The following census in 2011 counted 14,920 people in 3,745 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 17,435 people in 5,019 households.

The city is mostly populated by Kurds with a small Luri minority.

Climate
Mehran has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh).

Border trade
In December 2022 Mehran border market accounts for 23 percent of Iran' total exports to Iraq.

title: Mehran, Ilam


text:
Live Art

Live Art is the fifth album released by Béla Fleck and the Flecktones and their first non-studio album. It was recorded live at various concerts between 1992 and 1996 and features ten guest musicians.

Featured guests include Sam Bush, Branford Marsalis, Chick Corea, and Bruce Hornsby.

Reception
In his Allmusic review, music critic Thom Owens wrote "the core of the album is Fleck & the Flecktones' dynamite instrumental improvisations, where they can demonstrate the true range of their eclecticism and talent. Of special note are the songs that feature jams with Branford Marsalis, Chick Corea, and Bruce Hornsby, who help spur the Flecktones to new heights."

Bryson Alden, writing for No Depression, wrote "Their music combines the familiar sounds of bluegrass with whatever else comes along, be it jazz, classical, rap or “The Ballad of Jed Clampett”. In lesser hands, these combinations would almost certainly be disastrous, but thanks to the superlative talent of Bela on banjo and assorted banjoesque electronic devices, along with his sidemen, each with a unique instrument/approach, the result is wonderfully pleasing... This two-CD set, recorded live over a period of five years, provides an excellent benchmark of their work."

Disc 1

 * 1) "Intro" – 0:38
 * 2) "New South Africa" (Béla Fleck) – 4:43
 * 3) "Stomping Grounds" (Victor Wooten/Fleck) – 5:26
 * 4) "Lochs of Dread" (B. Fleck/Jerry Douglas) – 5:45
 * 5) "Bigfoot" (B. Fleck) – 7:32
 * 6) "Far East Medley" (P.D., arr. The Flecktones) – 7:21
 * 7) "Flying Saucer Dudes" (B. Fleck) – 5:35
 * 8) "UFO Tofu" (B. Fleck) – 3:38
 * 9) "Interlude - Libation, The Water Ritual" (Future Man) – 3:06
 * 10) "Vix 9" (V. Wooten) – 6:02
 * 11) "The Message" (Joe Wooten/The Flecktones) – 9:16

Disc 2

 * 1) "Improv/Amazing Grace" (P.D., arr. V. Wooten) – 6:46
 * 2) "Shubbee's Doobie" (B. Fleck/Sam Bush) – 4:40
 * 3) "Oh! Darling" (Lennon–McCartney) – 6:21
 * 4) "Blu-bop" (Howard Levy/The Flecktones) – 7:36
 * 5) "Sunset Road" (B. Fleck) – 5:56
 * 6) "More Luv" (V. Wooten) – 7:43
 * 7) "Early Reflection/Bach/The Ballad of Jed Clampett" – 6:09
 * 8) *"Early Reflection" (B. Fleck)
 * 9) *"Presto" from Sonata #1 in G minor for unaccompanied violin (Johann Sebastian Bach)
 * 10) *"The Ballad of Jed Clampett" (Paul Henning)
 * 11) "Cheeseballs in Cowtown" (B. Fleck) – 5:38
 * 12) "Sinister Minister" (B. Fleck) – 7:30
 * 13) "Flight of the Cosmic Hippo" (B. Fleck) – 4:52

The Flecktones

 * Béla Fleck - banjo (tracks 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 2.10), electric banjo (tracks 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 2.3, 2.4, 2.6, 2.9), synth (tracks 2.3, 2.4, 2.9), 6-string banjo (track 2.2)
 * Future Man - Synth-Axe Drumitar (tracks 2-11, 2.3-2.6, 2.8, 2.9), zendrum (track 11), acoustic percussion (on banjos and Philippine trash can) (track 2.2), acoustic percussion (track 2.10), vocals (track 2.6)
 * Victor Wooten - bass (tracks 1-3, 5-8, 10, 2.1, 2.3, 2.4, 2.9), fretless bass (tracks 4, 2.5, 2.8), tenor bass (tracks 11, 2.6), cello (tracks 2.2, 2.10), vocals (track 11)

Guest musicians

 * Sam Bush - mandolin (tracks 2-4, 6, 11, 2.5, 2.6), mandola (tracks 2.2, 2.8), violin (tracks 5, 2.9), backing vocals (track 2.6)
 * Paul McCandless - soprano saxophone (tracks 2, 3, 2.5, 2.6, 2.9), bass clarinet (tracks 4-6, 2.10), pennywhistle (track 4), English horn (tracks 2.2, 2.5), sopranino saxophone (track 2.6)
 * Branford Marsalis - soprano saxophone (tracks 5, 7)
 * Howard Levy - keyboards (track 7, 8, 14, 15), harmonica (track 7, 2.4, 2.9)
 * Chick Corea - piano (tracks 11, 2.8), zendrum (track 11)
 * Edgar Meyer - Acoustic bass (bowed) (track 11)
 * Stuart Duncan - violin (tracks 11, 2.8)
 * Jerry Douglas - dobro (tracks 11, 2.8)
 * John Cowan - vocals on "Oh! Darling"
 * Bruce Hornsby - piano (track 2.6), vocals (track 2.6)

title: Live Art


text:
2-6-8-0

A 2-6-8-0 steam locomotive, in the Whyte notation for describing locomotive wheel arrangements, has two leading wheels, a set of six driving wheels, a set of eight driving wheels, and no trailing wheels. These locomotives usually employ the Mallet principle of articulation, with a swinging front engine and a rigidly attached rear engine.

Equivalent classifications
Other equivalent classifications are:

UIC classification: 1CD (also known as German classification and Italian classification)

French classification: 130+040

Turkish classification: 34+44

Swiss classification: 3/4+4/4

The UIC classification is refined to (1'C)D for Mallet locomotives.

Examples
This type of articulated locomotive is unusual in having different numbers of driving axles in each set, and was only found in the United States of America and Germany. The Great Northern Railway and the Alabama Great Southern, a predecessor of the Southern Railway, both in the United States, were the sole long-term users of this type of locomotive.

Great Northern received 35 from Baldwin in 1910, numbered 1950–1984, designated class M-1. The M1s were rebuilt to use simple expansion In 1926 and 1927 and were redesignated class M-2. Most of the M-2s did not last long, being converted to class O-7 2-8-2s between 1929 and 1931; the thirteen exceptions remained in service until 1949–1954. The AGS had a single example in this wheel arrangement, number 300. It went to the Southern Railway and was later joined by two other 2-6-8-0 types numbered 4002 and 4003.

This unusual wheel arrangement was the subject of some experimentation. The Erie Railroad briefly had a locomotive of this type numbered 2900, but it was rebuilt to a 2-8-0 in 1916 after only six years. The Baldwin Locomotive Works marketed a front end "kit" whereby conventional 2-8-0 locomotives could be converted to 2-6-8-0 types. None of this type locomotive have been preserved.

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad had some 2-6-8-0 steam locomotives in their KL-1 class.

In Germany, during World War II, Deutsche Reichsbahn started work on a condensing 2-6-8-0 mallet locomotive built by Borsig. These were to have dual smoke stacks and had smoke deflectors to help with the driver's visibility while driving the locomotive. The locomotive would have been the largest on the German rail network, but as it was nearing completion in Borsig Werke it was destroyed in a RAF bombing raid.

title: 2-6-8-0


text:
Template talk:Amusement parks in the United Kingdom

Untitled
To what extent is this template useful, considering there is an identical category? The JPS 20:24, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It's a British version of Template:Noteworthy Amusement Parks. I think it's useful to have direct links to other big-name british theme parks, as people are likely to be interested in them. --Frankie Roberto 22:42, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Apostrophe on Tussauds?
On this template, there is a section entitled "Tussaud's Theme Parks", followed by a list of theme parks owned by The Tussauds Group. The problem is that, as the company name is Tussauds, shouldn't it read "Tussauds' theme parks"?

When I look at various Tussauds' park logos, I see they make this same "mistake" e.g. "Tussaud's Alton Towers". Is this a mistake on both theirs and wikipedia's part, which should be corrected, or is it a special exception to the rules of grammar, which I don't know about, which only applies to Tussauds?

 * The company was originally Madama Tussaud's Waxworks, but it's now a big corporate group, and as such is reverting to 'Tussauds'. Alton Towers and Chessington retain the apostrophe, but Thorpe Park loses it. It's probably best to refer to them as 'Tussauds theme parks', (as a compound noun phrase rather than a possessive). --Frankie Roberto 22:42, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Selected
Would it not be an idea to have the word 'selected' as the Noteworthy Amusement Parks Template does, as it is I think it implies that this is a comprehensive list and these are the only theme parks in the uk. --ericthefish 19:24, 24 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Imperia (statue)

Imperia is a statue at the entrance of the harbour of Konstanz, Germany, commemorating the Council of Constance that took place there between 1414 and 1418. The concrete statue is 9 m high, weighs 18 t, and stands on a pedestal that rotates around its axis once every four minutes. It was created by Peter Lenk and clandestinely erected in 1993. The erection of the statue caused controversy, but it was on the private property of a rail company that did not object to its presence. Eventually, it became a widely-known landmark of Konstanz.

Imperia shows a woman holding two men on her hands. Although the two men resemble Pope Martin V (elected during the council) and Emperor Sigismund (who called the council), and they wear the papal tiara and imperial crown, Lenk has stated that these figures "are not the Pope and not the Emperor, but fools who have acquired the insignia of secular and spiritual power. And to what extent the real popes and emperors were also fools, I leave to the historical education of the viewer."

The statue refers to a short story by Balzac, "La Belle Impéria". The story is a harsh satire of the Catholic clergy's morals, where Imperia seduces cardinals and princes at the Council of Constance and has power over them all. The historical Imperia that served as the source material of Balzac's story was a well-educated Italian courtesan who died in 1512, nearly 100 years after the council, and never visited Konstanz.

title: Imperia (statue)


text:
User:Peripatetic/English lit. topics

1. James Tait Black Memorial Prize - British literary award

2. Winifred Holtby - English writer

3. E. H. Young - English novelist

4. A. G. Macdonnell - Scottish novelist (stub)

5. England, Their England - 1933 cricket novel, minor classic

6. Cecil Woodham-Smith - British historian

7. Lionel Davidson - English spy novelist

title: User:Peripatetic/English lit. topics


text:
Talk:Lens mount

Throat sizes?
What is up with this "throat" column in the table? Whoever edited this has fouled up the thread specifications, such as the M42x0.75 T-mount thread, which is now garbage.

Unsigned by: Rkinch ("Throat" sizes is spurious)

Throat sizes? response
To clear things up some more:
 * Added a Legend table at the bottom explaining each column
 * Separated "Frame size" (8, 16, 35mm, ...) from "Camera type" (digital, still, movie, CCTV)
 * Separated "OEM model line(s)" from "Type Name"

Previously: were all in one column "jumbled up" across rows (there was not consistency between rows).
 * bayonet/breech/screw, diameters, and thread pitches

Reasoning (for separate diameter column):
 * With as many variations as there are - (diameter, thread pitch, type) really needed to each be in their own separate columns.
 * "Major" or "Throat" diameter is not "spurious": while "flange focal distance" in relation to "frame size" tells you something about a lens's relative focal properties (telephoto versus wide angle relationship), it told you nothing about how much light a lens mount family can gather or how heavy they might be relative to others (i.e. larger mount diameters gather more light and are generally heavier).

The "shorthand notation" M42x0.75 (or M42x1) really means: so the (D) 42mm and the (P) 0.75mm are appropriately placed in separate columns
 * ISO 68-1 metric thread size (see below),
 * Nominal major diameter D=42mm x pitch P=0.75mm per thread (or 1mm per thread);

Compared to "mm", an "M" provides some additional information:
 * it means that the thread is cut to ISO 68-1 specifications with:
 * 60 degree angle (which defines a height H), and
 * outermost 1/8 and innermost 1/4 rounding (of height H).

LeheckaG (talk) 13:39, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

I re-added citations/references for 4/3. FYI - 4/3 is intentionally designed to try to be 1/2 lighter and 1/2 smaller (than corresponding "35mm" Nikon F and D-series and other contemporaries), so it is factual that 4/3 major diameters (D) are NOT ~50mm (which would be as big and heavy as Canon EF and EF-S systems). 4/3 (D) is ~43-44mm and micro-4/3 is ~37-38mm (See Notes section in the article). Digital Photography Review has it "wrong" - DPR is citing the lens/mount female "outside diameter" instead of the major (D) which is the camera body female mount inside diameter or the male lens mount outside diameter. LeheckaG (talk) 17:46, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

Conjecture
"Creating screw threads of the necessary precision, across many camera and lens manufacturers, is too troublesome."

This is just some conjecture on my part. Can anyone offer information supporting or challenging my suggestion? Imroy 20:25, 2005 May 29 (UTC)

A registration distances
M42×1 screw mount registration distance is 45.5 mm (±0.02--0.03 mm), but not 45.46 mm. (See GOST 10332-72 and this document, for example: http://www.zenitcamera.com/archive/lenses/flektogon-2-8-35-adb-lk.tif ) K-mount registration distance is 45.5 mm (±0.02mm) too, not 45.46 mm (±0.03--0.04 mm). KengRu (talk) 14:00, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Note that the important distance is somewhere inside the film emulsion, not to the front of the film. Does that help? Gah4 (talk) 22:39, 20 February 2019 (UTC)

Merge idea
This was suggested at Articles for deletion/Focusing lens mount, I'm posting the mergeto and mergefrom tags to encourage discussion. Stifle 23:18, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Lens mounts
It should be noted that the use of different lens mounts on photo cameras was not primarily due to marketing considerations but due to a patent dispute. There was a broad consensus among camera manufacturers to us a standard mount to replace M42 as it was not adequate for electronic controlled cameras in the late 70's. This consensus was destroyed when one of the manufacturers obtained a patent for the suggested mount and wanted royalties from all others. Alf photoman 14:33, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Any idea who that was, or any books or articles talking about it? I know for pretty sure that that's what happened in rangefinder cameras; Leica screw mount was obsolete, Leica invented the M bayonet mount and patented it.  It didn't hurt, of course, that marketing considerations also encouraged makers to use incompatible mounts. Matthew Brown (Morven) (T:C) 16:16, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Of course, use of the M42 mount was not 'universal' in the first place; Canon, Nikon etc were already using proprietary mounts by that point. Matthew Brown (Morven) (T:C) 16:18, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I recommend that the table in list of lens mounts be moved into this article. Neither is big, and there's no reason for two articles on the same subject with one being just the table. Dicklyon 23:34, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

Hearing no immediate outcry, I went ahead. If anyone objects, say so here or back it out. Dicklyon 20:33, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Looks good, but shouldn't it replace the other list in the earlier section? It seems rather redundant now. --Imroy 22:20, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

 * The other organization may have some use. Probably it would be best to separate out the list into categories like those.  But I don't know the history of who thought what would be more useful, so I decided to do no more yet.  Feel free. Dicklyon 07:04, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

New Mounts
''Better add to this article some information on common new mounts. Four Thirds mount (Olympus E series, Leica Digilux 3 SLR, Panasonic Lumix SLR) Sony and Zeiss share one too.'' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.69.198.131 (talk) 15:48, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

DJI Zenmuse DL-Mount
We should also add the new DL-Mount by dji:. Bonomont (talk) 17:42, 15 October 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Canon
The Canon rangefinders that I know of use the same lenses at LTM Leica, but the table indicates that they are different. Are they? Gah4 (talk) 22:40, 20 February 2019 (UTC)

 * Nope, they're the same. All Canon rangefinders with interchangeable lenses were Leica-compatible. I've removed that row in the table. Nmw25 (talk) 21:21, 15 September 2021 (UTC)

History
The discussion of lens mounts could usefully include more history - If I recall correctly the 39mm screw was the first or first widespread one, and then other screw specifications, then bayonets, and now wider locks followed. I don't know the details sufficiently to just write it. I'm suggesting adding it to the existing material rather than starting a new section called history. Midgley (talk) 15:22, 21 December 2019 (UTC)

Photography / Still
What's the distinction between "Photography" and "Still" in the Primary Use column? The article body doesn't define either of these terms, so just going off their conventional definition they seem completely redundant to me, unless I'm missing something?

Nmw25 (talk) 20:28, 15 September 2021 (UTC)

Number of lugs for bayonet mounts
This seems like relevant information to include, as it is notable that, for example, larger cine lenses use four lugs where most bayonet mounts use three. One example where the distinction is important is the Kinor 16SP and 16SX lens mounts, where the primary difference is the number of lugs.

Should this be included as a column, or as a notation in the mount type column, EG, "bayonet (4 lug)"? Okto8 (talk) 21:23, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lens mount


text:
User:Electricmoose/My Wiki

Please click here to leave me a new message.

Welcome

Hello,welcome to E l e c t r i c m o o s e s user page, I live in Northampton, England and am 15 years old (2006), I am part Canadian, and part English.

Other Names
Other names sometimes used:
 * 81.136.205.235
 * 213.187.38.60
 * 81.133.160.164

title: User:Electricmoose/My Wiki


text:
Gratien Gélinas

Gratien Gélinas, (December 8, 1909 – March 16, 1999) was a Canadian writer, playwright, actor, director, producer and administrator who is considered one of the founders of modern Canadian theatre and film.

His major works include Tit-Coq (1948), Bousille et les Justes (1959), and Hier, les enfants dansaient (1968). He also wrote a series of satirical revues known as the Fridolinades.

The Fridolinades revues, consisting of comic sketches, songs, and monologues, were named for the often-featured character Fridolin. A poor boy from Montreal, he wore a tri-colour Canadiens hockey jersey, knee socks, and suspenders. While not quite joual, the French he spoke was reflective of what a person would hear on the streets of Montreal, which made it stand out in sharp contrast to the continental French being spoken in most other theatres. Fridolin's boundless optimism in the face of constant disappointment came to emblemize the Quebec spirit of "survivance", and made him one of the first distinctly Canadian heroes of the stage. His success was considerable: Gélinas was declared by an adoring public to be the first playwright "de chez nous" (from our place).

Gélinas' play Hier, les enfants dansaient (Yesterday the Children were Dancing) takes place entirely in one night. Based in 1966, it revolves around the tumultuous politics in Quebec around that time though its characters are entirely fictitious. Pierre Gravel is debating whether or not to accept a prominent position within the Liberal party. Throughout the course of the play, Gravel's sons, André and Larry, admit that they are active members of the separatist party and responsible for the bombs that had been threatening the city and destroying historical landmarks.

Gélinas also founded the Comédie-Canadienne, which was active until 1972.

In 1967, Gélinas was made an Officer of the Order of Canada and was promoted to Companion in 1989. In 1985, he was made a Knight of the National Order of Quebec. He received an honorary doctorate from the Royal Military College of Canada in St-Jean in 1989.

He married Huguette Oligny in 1973 and is the grandfather of actress and pop singer Mitsou Gélinas, MusiquePlus veejay, writer and actor Abeille Gélinas, and writer Anne-Marie Sicotte who has written the biography "Gratien Gélinas : la ferveur et le doute", published by the Éditions Québec/Amérique in 1995 et 1996. After his death in 1999, he was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal. The Library and Archives Canada contains sound recordings and transcriptions of Anne-Marie Sicotte's interview with Gelinas.

Filmography

 * La dame aux camélias, la vraie - 1942
 * Fridolinons - 1945
 * The Plouffe Family (La famille Plouffe) - 1953
 * Tit-Coq - 1953
 * Red - 1970
 * Cordélia - 1980
 * Peau de banane - 1982
 * Agnes of God - 1985
 * The Canadian Conspiracy - 1985
 * The Mills of Power (Les Tisserands du pouvoir) - 1988

title: Gratien Gélinas


text: User talk:68.127.26.100

title: User talk:68.127.26.100


text:
Talk:Haloalkane

Untitled
This article is a merger of generic arcticles Alkyl halide, halocarbon, Freon, Halon, CFC, and HCFC. Several other general articles redirect to these four, e.g., HFC. This new merged article primarily tries to present the chemical compounds, and gives the environmental issues a fair touch. The specific chemical products, focussing on one chemical compound each, such as tetrachloromethane are not merged into this article. There is a lot still to do on it, but this is a start. Feel free to dig in. Wim van Dorst 20:26, 2005 May 29 (UTC).

Ozone Destruction
"CFCs' lack of reactivity gives them a lifespan which can exceed 100 years in some cases. This gives them time to diffuse into the upper stratosphere. Here, the sun's ultraviolet radiation is strong enough to break off the chlorine atom, which on its own is a highly reactive free radical. This catalyzes the break up of ozone into oxygen..." Now we all know this, but how do the CFC's disperse into the atmosphere? Are they lighter than air? Can they gather enough energy to make it all the way into the upper stratosphere? I can't find the density of a CFC molecule anywhere on the web. --68.158.211.169 (talk) 20:15, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

Comment on union of articles
I'm wondering if it was worth joining all these articles together into one article. If it was up to me, I would have had

(1) a general Haloalkane article including the chemistry aspects and maybe the "naming code",

(2) another article on Refrigerants combining Freons, CFC's, and HFC's discussing the refrigeration, air conditioning, and perhaps thermodynamic aspects, and

(3) a third article on Halon.

I think there was enough material for three decent articles. It was the "name coding" scheme that was largely redundant in those three articles. Eliminating the redundancies and appropriate links could have fixed that. However, I think I'm making this comment too late. I thought this was Cacycle's pet project and that he's been dormant for the past month and a half. There is also an article called refrigerant which also lists the "naming code" again. Maybe the information on haloalkanes can be incorporated into this article.

If one considers polyethylene, branched polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. to be alkanes, then partially or completely halogenated versions would fall under haloalkane. Perhaps, the existence of such halogenated polymers ought to be mentioned here, with whatever appropriate links there are. H Padleckas 10:58, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, I quite agree with you, Henry: The reason for merging was that there were five totally overlapping articles, each covering mostly the same material. The recommendation for merging was listed on all article pages, and in my opinion rightly so.
 * The merged article is this one, which needs a little more developing to become your (1). For obvious reasons, I redirected the original articles all into the merged article.
 * Then indeed information about refrigerants really warrants an article of its own (2). The current article is very overlapping again, so I didn't include it in the merge (it doesn't add anything). Contrarily, I left it alone to make a stepping stone for someone bold enough to work on it to improve it to make your proposal (2). I (or somebody else bold enough) probably will be shifting some info from the merged articles to it, to make a start there.
 * The former halon article wasn't a chemical article at all, but a good article about fire extinguishing gas. Comparable as for the refrigerant application, I support the recommendation of the former halon talk page to copy the interesting data (and pictures) into the application fire extinguisher section (correct text currently in there, and a better title perhaps?).

 * Additionally to the overall information in the haloalkane page, I think some more chemical pages could still reasonably be created (it is never to late), e.g., a chlorofluoroalkane for CFC, HCFC and HFC compounds, and a bromofluoroalkane about the halon compounds. Important is to make appropriate linking, avoiding future double (or worse contradictory) information in all of them.
 * And yes I did read all comments, including proposals, such as Cacycle's, giving direction to the merge, and in my humble opinion (at least my intention) followed them. Wim van Dorst 19:54, 2005 May 31 (UTC).

 * I have tried to avoid getting embroiled in this, but I feel I should weigh in with my comments. It was clearly necessary to remove a lot of duplication and perhaps the best way was to start with a merge.  I agree with Henry, though, there should be several articles- and after the split someone should "police" them to make sure someone doesn't start adding Freon names to an unrelated page.  I would avoid putting in a lot of stuff on CFCs & HFCs etc on the haloalkanes page, and keep it more like this Wikibook article in terms of content area. Walkerma 16:13, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Good idea, Martin. Wim van Dorst 20:18, 2005 Jun 16 (UTC).

 * As for the name of this article, Cacycle preferred Alkyl halide over halocarbon, and I would prefer that too, as it is in more common use among chemists I know, at least for things with only one halogen like iodomethane (methyl iodide). In a "poll" of six recent editions of US college organic textbooks on my shelf, four called the chapter alkyl halides, one called them haloalkanes, and one called them alkyl halides (haloalkanes).  I don't have strong feelings on this, however. Things like aryl halides and vinyl halides are always awkward to classify. Walkerma 16:13, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * There's the good ol' IUPAC nomenclature and redirects are cheap. Hence my preference for haloalkane (not halocarbon) for the chemical compounds article. If you want to write an article on a specific chemicals compound, such as carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dichloride or halon 1211, you'd have a reason not to use the systematic name perhaps. But I just don't happen to think of a compound that is really primarily called ethyl trichloride or similar. Wim van Dorst 20:21, 2005 Jun 16 (UTC).

I came here looking for info on Freon and, apart from general CFC information, am given a grand total of one sentence, which is going to lead me on a long google trawl. Please split this article so that the sections can naturally accumulate information. Having redudant information is not a huge problem. Having no information is. Quirkie 21:34, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

R-134 and R-134a
According to the "naming code", R-134 should be the most symmetrical version of C2H2F4, namely 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane. R-134a should be a less symmetrical version of C2H2F4, namely 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, which is the new Freon replacement we've all come to know and love. ;-) I believe the Suva name would be consistent with that.  If there's no response in a couple of days, I think I'll go and fix it myself.  H Padleckas 11:09, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Changes to Haloalkanes Table
I made some changes to the haloalkanes table. My computer monitor screen is not very wide. I made the table wider so that all the chemical formulas in the rightmost column could fit on one line. If you don't like some change, revert it. H Padleckas 17:19, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Good changes! Please do more. Wim van Dorst 20:46, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC).

If it's worse, just revert, but I changed the table so that the links are just in the first column. I made redirects for some of the systematic names that didn't have them. I left the red links that were already made in the first column, but I didn't make new ones for the entries that had other names red linked. -- Kjkolb 08:19, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

Dodgy Characters
Anyone know what the problem is with the unreadable characters? I'm on XP and tried IE and Firefox with no joy. Is this an OCR or copy paste problem? What should those formulae be?? Regards SeanMack 16:13, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

Mind if you can tell us which characters are unreadable? The article turns out fine to me. 203.124.2.20 17:44, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

"Canned air" / arrangement of article / legality
Is the use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons legal? Everywhere? I'm specifically wondering about canned air, which I haven't heard of outside the US. Am I justified in adding a note to the canned air page that it's not that environmentally friendly?

On page arrangment, it's overwhelming, and there are double redirects back to chlorofluorocarbon. It's confusing to be taken to a long article about haloalkanes on typing in 'CFCs,' and a bit like being redirected to a page on 'mammals' when typing in 'dog.'

(I'm not criticising anyone's merges/demerges as I don't have time to edit the article myself right now or even read all the comments above.)

Njál 20:14, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Global Warming?
If somebody has the time & background, the environmental effects section should be updated to include climate change effects (radiative forcing, etc.) Perhaps it can go in the general halocarbons article. I'm not familiar enough with the chemistry/physics to put it together.

Yeah, I ran across articles that said some HFCs were horrendous greenhouse gases -- something like 17,000 times more effective in that regard than CO2. Not quite sure what to make of such comments, some clarification here from those with the know would be appreciated. MrG 4.228.21.75 19:34, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I honestly think it's not even worth debating... I wish there was some way to include the fact that water vapor is not only a more influential greenhouse gas than any other gas but is by far the most abundant. Are CFC's really an influence on the O-zone and global warming? Maybe... but the sher mass of water vapor in our atmosphere makes CFC's and even Co2 irrelevant. Who cares whether or not we affect it... if we do influence it is the cost really worth trying to fix what we can? That's just my opinion on the o-zone and global warming. Does it mean anything about the science of the article... not really... just food for thought to editors or whoever happens to read this.
 * TheHoustonKid

Nice try, HoustonKid, but your Jedi mind tricks will not work on us ... water vapor in the atmosphere, at least when it collects into clouds, is a cooling factor on the Earth. MrG 4.225.210.106 (talk) 15:10, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Synthesis
From Alkanes

It does not make any sense to me why is there only the Initiation Step, but not the termination step. The free radical halogenation/substitution (whatever you call it), consist of Initiation, Propagation and Termination steps. If possible, please include the last step to make the reaction complete.

From Alkenes

I made a slight edit on the second example to mkae it a more balanced equation. 203.124.2.55 17:53, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

"Dibromochloropropane" or "2-Bromo-1-Chloropropane"
I need to know if "2-Bromo-1-Chloropropane" is the same as "Dibromochloropropane".

Randreed 18:22, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

 * 2-bromo-1-chloropropane will be ClCH3CHBrCH3 while dibromochloropropane will be C3H5Br2Cl. So, not the same. --Rifleman 82 19:50, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

What is halon?
One consequence of the merger has been that the word "halon" is used without being introduced or defined. As a non-chemist coming to this page to read about halon, it's a bit confusing. It sounds like a halon is some type of haloalkane. Or maybe it's a trade name? (It seems so, according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromotrifluoromethane) It would be helpful to have a brief gloss. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Huttarl (talk • contribs) 11:25, 14 March 2007 (UTC).

Where Does HFA-134a Fit?
By all the information I can gather it is the same as the HFC-134a in context but the pharmaceutical companies refer to it as HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane). Is it a purity standard?

--RonEJ 09:30, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Citations/References
Several references appear at the end of the page, but few are actually referred to in the article. I've refrained from tagging anything as unreferenced; I'd prefer to either start a discussion about this or call it to the attention of someone who is bolder than I. The "Environmental issues" section especially needs these direct references, as this part is commonly debated.

Also noted is the shortage of peer-reviewed, scientific articles in the reference section. 71.96.69.173 23:23, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Alkyl halides...
Whilst haloalkanes are all alkanes, it is very important to remember that alkyl halides include all possible aliphatic and sundry organic molecule. For example 1-bromo-2-butyne is an alkyl halide despite being an alkyne. chloromethyl benzene for eg is also one. The CFC's etc sections are fantastic but perhaps a little misleading. The redirect from alkyl halide could be sent to organic halides. This would be better.... Spgoo1 04:15, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

An addition to the Chloro fluoro compounds section
I am thinking about adding a little more information about how chlorofluorocarbons actually deplete the ozone layer. This addition should provide some background on why ozone depletion is happenning as well as the consequences of this depletion--Ilikemangos (talk) 06:54, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

Question: Amount
Has anyone data on the total amount (e.g. in tons) of CFC use commercially? I believe a statistic of "production in tons/year" over the relevant period and "estimated tons set free per year" would be an excellent addition to this article. If possible, of course with proper links to authentic data. Cheers! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.143.99.99 (talk) 13:17, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

Question: HFC Abbreviations
The article isn't clear on the use of abbreviations of "Hydro fluoro compounds" / "Hydrofluorocarbons", sometimes the abbreviation is written HFCs, sometimes HFC (a third variant is HFC's, c.f. PFC (chemical)). I am no native speaker, but since the "C" stands for "compounds"/"carbons" shouldn't the abbreviation be just HFC? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.174.171.2 (talk) 13:57, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

Project Delaware?
This is an article on a class of organic chemicals, why is it part of the aformentioed project? Obikirk (talk) 15:01, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Reaction Of haloalkane and silvercyanide?
Why it produces iso-cyanide Rajnish45 (talk) 14:10, 8 September 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Haloalkane


text:
William Byrd (disambiguation)

William Byrd (circa 1540–1623) was an English composer.

William Byrd may also refer to:

 * William Byrd I (1652–1704), Virginia colonist
 * William Byrd II (1674–1744), colonial Virginia planter, author, and founder of Richmond
 * William Byrd III (1728–1777), American racehorse owner
 * William Byrd (baseball player) (1907–1991), American professional baseball player
 * William Byrd Traxler Jr. (born 1948), federal judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
 * William Byrd, African-American man who was lynched in Brentwood, Georgia on May 28, 1922
 * William A. Bird, often spelled Byrd, state legislator in Florida
 * William M. Byrd (1819–1874), justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama

title: William Byrd (disambiguation)


text:
Sésia

Sésia was a department of the French Consulate and of the First French Empire in present-day Italy. It was named after the river Sesia. It was formed in 1801, when the Subalpine Republic (formerly the mainland portion of the Kingdom of Sardinia) was intended to be annexed to France. Its capital was Vercelli.

The department was disbanded after the defeat of Napoleon in 1814. At the Congress of Vienna, the Savoyard King of Sardinia was restored in all his previous realms and domains, including Piedmont. Its territory is now divided between the Italian provinces of Vercelli and Biella.

Subdivisions
The department was subdivided into the following arrondissements and cantons (situation in 1812):

 * Vercelli, cantons: Agnona, Crevacuore, Gattinara, Masserano, Quinto, Stroppiana, Trino and Vercelli (2 cantons).
 * Biella, cantons: Biella, Bioglio, Cacciorna, Candelo, Cavaglià, Cossato, Graglia, Mongrando and Mosso Santa Maria.
 * Santhià, cantons: Buronzo, Cigliano, Crescentino, Livorno and Santhià.

Its population in 1812 was 202,733, and its area was 335,118 hectares.

title: Sésia


text:
User:Peripatetic/Bangladeshi/Bengali topics

1. Jibanananda Das - Bengali poet (stub)

2. Distant Thunder - 1973 Satyajit Ray film

3. Soumitra Chatterjee - Bengali actor

4. Rituparno Ghosh - Indian director

5. Rituparna Sengupta - Bengali actress


text:
Talk:Gołdap

Prussian etymology
I believe (it's in local tourist literature) that the name refers to a bend in the river, derived from Old Prussian (79.190.69.142 (talk) 19:15, 16 October 2008 (UTC))

Geldapė
If Goldap had a Lithuanian minority hundreds of years ago, then of course we should mention it in the history section. But it makes no sense to put the Lithuanian name in the header, because today it is not used at all among English speakers. It might belong in Lithuanian Wikipedia, but not English Wikipedia. Balcer 20:28, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

To demonstrate, a search for Geldapė in English language webpages on Google gives only 2 hits. In comparison Goldap on English pages gives 4,380 hits. Balcer 20:33, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * In my opinion it does not matters that it was many years ago; other Lithuania Minor cities' Lithuanian names are usually mentioned; same as are mentioned Polish names of towns in "Eastern Poland" with formerly Polish majority (pre-WW2) or significant minorities. Although majority was lost then, but I believe Lithuanian minority of few percents remained up until WW2. If we would take this policy, then no alternate names should ever be listed, maybe with the exception of situation where there is an ongoing dispute over the territory (e.g. Serbian/Albanian names in Kosovo, Hebrew/Arabic names in Palestine). However, the policy in Wikipedia seems to be different, see e.g. how many names are provided for Kaliningrad and such; also both Polish and Lithuanian influences there were hundreds of years ago, but still, they were there; also names are significatly different from official one, which is also important IMO. DeirYassin 20:36, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * What matters is whether the name is in significant use among English-speakers. As I have just shown, the Lithuanian name of Geldapė is practically never used in English.  Hence including it in the header only confuses Wikipedia users. Balcer 20:43, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, same many other names are not in use among people speaking English natively, e.g. I am sure Kroliewiec really isn't. Only pages in English made by Poles might use that name; same for Lithuanian sites made about Lithuania Minor; the point is that Lithuanians are small nation, and there are still quite few historical sites about Lithuanian history, and most of them are in Lithuanian; English is still not as widespread second language as in some other places of Europe. So I think this should not be any reason for anything. Any English documents on Lithuania Minor would also use Geldapė very likely. DeirYassin 20:52, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Only pages in English made by Poles might use that name. Ok, I guess only one counterexample is needed to disprove this ridiculous assertion, so here it goes: Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 edition article on Konigsberg.
 * As for the complaining about Lithuania being a small country with few English-speakers, that's just a fact of life. Wikipedia is not meant to be shaped by tiny minorities, but instead is meant to reflect common use.  If the number of English-speaking Lithuanian users grows in the future and Lithuanian names come into wide use, then Wikipedia might start using them more. Balcer 21:06, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

This your "comment" very good shows what is slavic poland and slaves poles. And I am not surprised that poland has such "good" name worldwide. All your provided "English" names are almost 100% from polish revanshists' webs. As I know here are operating few immature polish nazis - "administrators" Piotrus and Witkacy, and unpleasantness Halibutt and you Balcer. There are 2 Lithuanians - DeirYassin and me Zivinbudas here. So relatively here should be 20 poles (to 2 Lithuanians). Results speak for themselves. Zivinbudas 09:50, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Jesus, Zivinbudas, you're boring. Apart from Piotrus, none of us is an administrator here. Also, Slavery was abolished in Poland quite some time ago (that is in early middle ages). Whether 1911 Brittannica is a "Polish revanshist web" or not is a matter of dispute apparently, but I seriously doubt it. Also, if you prefer to discuss the nationality of editors rather than their contributions or beliefs, then perhaps you might try some other place in the web, for instance some internet forum?

 * Finally, there are much more Lithuanians in the English wiki. User:LinasLit, User:Linas, User:Midom, User:Inyuki, User:Meier... Does it prove anything? Halibutt 10:09, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

Lithuanian town Geldapė in Lithuania Minor
Geldapė town was established by Lithuanians in XVIth century in Southern part of Lithuania Minor. Until XIXth century Lithuanians consisted absolute majority of the population of this town and its surroundings (other part were mostly Germans). After WWII the town and all Southern part of Prussia were illegaly ceded to Polish People Republic by the Soviets. Zivinbudas 22:29, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I wonder on what census are you basing your statements. Halibutt 23:07, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

Balcer, how often are used in English "Wilno", "Kowno", "Szawle", "Poniewierz" etcr.? There are historical reasons. It is only your demagogy. Zivinbudas 23:30, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Wilno - 34,100 English pages
 * Szawle - 158 English pages
 * Poniewiez - 80 English pages (corrected)
 * Kowno - 4,720 English pages

 * BTW, I am not necessarily saying that all those cities should have the Polish name listed. But at least a reasonable argument can be made there.  In case of  Geldapė I can't see a reasonable argument for inclusion.

 * Look, there are 2 extremes:

 * 1. List only current name - obviously not good because for English speakers some towns are much better known with former names. With this policy Wikipedia users may find it difficult to find information.

 * 2. List all names of historical significance - for many European cities that will run to a dozen names, especially if we include names going back hundreds of years. With this policy Wikipedia users may find themselves overwhelmed by too much irrelant information.

 * Clearly those two extremes are not useful, so some happy medium must be found. The criterion of "common use" seems reasonable to me.  Balcer 23:35, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Don't be funny. Those are all polish references. Nobody in the West knows your slavinised names of our cities. More, all Lithuanians hate them and all mentionings of them inspire negative and unfriendly reaction. Zivinbudas 00:12, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * My mistake. Fixed. Balcer 00:19, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Fortunately, not all Lithuanians are as obsessed with Poland and Poles as you are. Halibutt 01:15, May 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * It only seems for me as arguements which are just said because of the need to support quite an unsupportable thing. I mean, your arguement is more articles, my arguement is actual minorities/majorities of people who used to call city this way and live there; and many people who still calls the city this way; in English too, e.g. Americans who immigrated from Lithuania. Yes, there are ten times more Poles than Lithuanians. Yes there are more historical websites made by Poles. But that does not makes usage for Lithuanian cities such as Panevezys the Polish name in English text any more viable. Neonazis maybe will use German names for all Polish cities, and who knows maybe for some of them there'll be even more than 80 9hits for Panevezys) hits in English on some neonazi sites, but I dont think you'd accept this arguement then. Furthermore, what is the limit between number of English articles online acceptable to write that name in brackets?.. Sounds like gum arguements to me, and if I'll for example find the previosu example with neonazi sites and start to add German names to cities in Eastern Poland (where it was German only during WW2), then I am sure I'll be reverted and when I'll ask for arguements here again, then some different arguements will be thought off again. Same as previous arguements was that Polish names are added to Lithuanian cities because of "common history" and they were quickly repelled these arguements once I added Sandomiras for same reason. There were arguements that in old maps Polish names are used, then again, in all maps where Lithuania Minor is depicted for example Geldapė would be used. In other words, the only real arguement I can read here, is that whatever will be said Lithuanian names won't be added to cities in Poland and Polish names will be kept for cities of Lithuania.DeirYassin 08:51, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It would be so much easier to hold a discussion with you if you were a bit more coherent and tried to keep your thoughts short. I must say I find it difficult to figure what you  really want.  Maybe I will try to simplify things for you.  Which option do you prefer?

 * 1. All articles about Lithuanian cities list Lithuanian name only, all those about Polish cities by Polish name only.

 * or

 * 2. Any Lithuanian or Polish city with shared Polish and Lithuanian history should have both names listed.

 * Please, indicate which one of these options you would prefer. My impression is that you have still not made up your mind.

 * I myself choose option 2, provided that the shared history is significant, and this is reflected by at least some usage of the name in question in the English language. Unfortunately, the bare fact that a city had some Lithuanians living in it hundreds of years ago is not a good enough reason to prominently list the Lithuanian name in article header.  Balcer 22:18, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd say in case of common history it should be included, and Lithuanian majority living in city once is enough of common history IMO. What is also important to me is that whichever option would be chosen, it'd be equal from both sides. I think probably a vote on policy will be needed here with those two and some more options I thought of, so whole people involved here would decide; as even if me, you and Halibutt would agree here for example, there are others who still would continue reverting and such. While if there would be vote, it's result could be reffered to in those cases same as one of Gdansk/Danzig vote. DeirYassin 04:49, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Probably too few people (around 5-10) are involved in this whole business. With Zivinbudas out, you are probably the only person involved on the Lithuanian side (correct me if I am wrong).  What would be the point of voting in such a small group? Let's reach a compromise through discussion. I am quite curious what policy you have in mind. Balcer 07:30, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

The point of voting would be I guess to write a policy here, as if we will discuss and find a solution here and then try to enforce it there will be few more users who will revert for example removal of Polish name for Lithuanian city or adding of Lithuanian name to Polish city anyways. If there'd be vote, I'd put these possible policies to vote on:
 * All Polish cities would have Lithuanian names and all Lithuanian cities would have Polish names mentioned on the "common history" arguement
 * Only those Lithuanian and Polish cities would have other names mentioned, where the names in both languages clearly differs and therefore it might be hard to understand that it is same city. The different name would not be mentioned if the only differences are the ending of the word (e.g. no ending in Polish and "as" in Lithuanian), or if similarly spelled letters are used (e.g. "sz" in Polish and "š" in Lithuanian).
 * Only those cities names would be mentioned in another language, where there is/was a significant number of that language speakers currently or historically.
 * Only those cities names would be mentioned in another language, where there is a significant number of that language speakers currently. E.g. Lithuanian names of Punskas, Seinai would be mentioned, same as Polish names of some cities/towns in southeast Lithuania.
 * Lithuanian names would be mentioned for cities in territories considered occupied during interwar (Suvalkai region), Polish names would be mentioned for cities which were controlled by Poland during interwar (Vilnius region).
 * (also possibly some combined options)

I personally probably for the cities where there is or was a community of that language speakers historically, and for the cities in Vilnius and Suvalkai regions. In some other cases, if city names sounds differently in both languages, it might be good to use other name in brackets too. That way I think it would be the most information, so if someone gets Lithuanian map he would be able to understand things and if someone gets Polish map he'd be able to understand things too; while usage of both names for every city is unneeded of course as some names can be very similar.DeirYassin 08:17, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

There is only one reason why polish want to add slavinised names to our cities' names and delete all Lithuanian names from all places related with Lithuania - because polish nazis want that. And because they are very scared - it shows that their position is very weak. And they are absolutely right - always think about Lithuania and Germany. Zivinbudas 07:55, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Placenames in this Wikipedia in other languages
I'd like to remind everyone that just because city X has name Y in language Z (where Z is not English) does not mean that we need to mention that fact here. For instance, if you look at London, it does not mention that its name in French is "Londres" - and trust me, I suspect that's a fact that's likely to be more useful than knowing the Polish/Lithuanian names of some fairly obscure (to the rest of the world) places in Lithuania/Poland. This is the English Wikipedia, and in discussing these naming issues, you need to look at this from the perspective of English-speakers.

I think a rule that gives its current name in English (if this is different from the next one), the placename in the current "native" language, along with any placenames that have been used in the past and are likely to be seen in English-language works (e.g. we list "Beyrouth" in the Beirut article, as this was its name during the French mandate, and is therefore occasionally seen in older English-language works) is what is needed. Other names may be introduced in the body of the text, as neeeded, e.g. in the "History" section - as in the Beirut article, which mentions the Phoenician name "Beroth" further down in the article (although note that we do not feel we need to give its name in Latin, even though it was part of the Roman empire at one point).

As a side-comment, people who think it makes any difference in geo-political terms whether or not the English Wikipedia makes mention of their favourite Polish/Lithuanian place in Lithuanian/Polish is seriously confused - and IMO needs to get a life, frankly. Noel (talk) 21:04, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * As you can see, it is certain people from Poland who sparks this by addng Polish names to every Lithuanian city. I added them only to a very few Polish towns with Lithuanian history, while they adds them to every town and city, most of them not related, and after removal of thos enon related names claims that it is vandalism. DeirYassin 21:32, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, all the territory of modern Lithuania was using Polish at least as the official state language for once and that language was used by at least 10% of its population (the szlachta). On the contrary, the area where Lithuanian was spoken was tiny, even if we compare that to the modern area where it is the dominant language. So, saying that the Polish names are not relevant to some places is simply wrong. Halibutt 22:23, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * Area where Lithuanian was spoken originally was larger than it is currently is, it included Lithuania Minor and also parts of northwest Belarus. Once official state language for Poland was Russian, and even Latin script banned, during nazi occupation German language was preffered, etc. (same for Lithuania) but we are not adding all these names in all these languages; also the nobles did not polonize immidietly either, LGD nobles were speaking Lithuanian or Byelarussian mostly depending on their place at first, only then they changed it to Polish. And Polish names are certainly way less relevant to for example Panevežys than Lithuanian name to Goldap (where majority of population was Lithuanian once, not only nobles). Anyways, I hope vote and discution at the special place will help to decide on this issue. DeirYassin 22:34, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naming_conventions/Vote_on_city_naming#Vote - discution and vote on the topic DeirYassin 22:04, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Scots in Goldap
Is it worth mentioning th population in early 1600's also included a tiny community of Scots? (79.190.69.142 (talk) 19:15, 16 October 2008 (UTC))

Masurians
The remaining German-speaking populace, including Masurians.... My understanding is that the pre-1945 Masurians, though mainly Protestant and culturally oriented toward Germany, spoke Polish or a dialect thereof. Sca (talk) 22:25, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gołdap


text:
Johnny Ekström

Johnny Douglas Ekström (born 5 March 1965) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a forward and a winger. He played professionally in Italy, Germany, France, and Spain but is best remembered for his time in Sweden with IFK Göteborg with which he was the 1986 Allsvenskan top scorer and won three Swedish Championships. A full international between 1986 and 1995, he won 47 caps for the Sweden national team and represented his country at the 1990 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 1992.

IFK Göteborg
A product of the IFK Göteborg youth academy, Ekström was promoted to the first team in 1983 before making his Allsvenskan debut during the 1984 season. He quickly earned the nicknames "Kallebäcks-Expressen" (the express train from Kallebäck) and "Johnny Bråttom" (Johnny-in-a-hurry) due to his speed on the football pitch. His most successful season with Göteborg came in 1986, when he was the 1986 Allsvenskan top scorer and helped the club reach the semi-finals of the 1985–86 European Cup before being eliminated by FC Barcelona. He also played in the first half of the 1986–87 UEFA Cup which IFK Göteborg ended up winning after Ekström's departure.

Empoli
Ekström was the most expensive Swedish transfer of all time when he signed for Empoli during the 1986–87 Serie A season. At Empoli, he became a popular and respected player and acquired the nickname 'Il Ciclone' (the cyclone) due to the exceptional speed he displayed when charging ahead with the ball in his possession, which was his most notable quality.

Bayern Munich
In 1988 Ekström signed for the German Bundesliga club FC Bayern Munich, and helped them win the 1988–89 Bundesliga title and reach the semi-finals of the 1988–89 UEFA Cup before being eliminated by Napoli.

Cannes
He signed with AS Cannes in Ligue 1 in 1989 and played alongside a young Zinedine Zidane before leaving the club in 1991.

Return to IFK Göteborg
Ekström returned to Swedish football and IFK Göteborg in 1991, winning the 1991 and 1993 Swedish Championships, as well as the 1991 Svenska Cupen. He also played in the 1992–93 UEFA Champions League where Göteborg finished joint-third behind Marseille and A.C. Milan.

Reggiana
Ekström returned to Serie A and Italian football in 1993, signing for Reggiana. Ekström played in 9 Serie A games for Reggiana during the 1993–94 Serie A season before spending the rest of the season on loan in Spain.

Loan to Real Betis
Ekström spent the spring of 1994 with Real Betis on loan from Reggiana, becoming the second Swedish player to represent the Seville-based club after Torbjörn Jonsson. He played in seven Segunda División games during the 1993–94 season and scored two goals.

Dynamo Dresden
During the summer of 1994, Ekström returned to German football and the Bundesliga after signing a two-year-contract with Dynamo Dresden. He ended up playing one season for the club, scoring seven goals in 30 Bundesliga games.

Eintracht Frankfurt
Ekström signed for Eintracht Frankfurt in 1995, and scored two goals in 16 games as the club was relegated to 2. Bundesliga in 1996. He stayed with the club in 2. Bundesliga, but could not help the team win promotion back to the top flight of German football.

Second return to IFK Göteborg and retirement
He returned to IFK Göteborg a second time in 1997, and spent the 1997 and 1998 Allsvenskan seasons with the club before retiring from professional football in late 1998. In total, Ekström appeared in more than 200 games for IFK Göteborg during his three stints with the club.

Youth
Ekström played 12 games for the Sweden U21 team and was a part of the Sweden U21 squad that reached the quarterfinals of the 1986 UEFA European Under-21 Championship before being eliminated by Italy.

Senior
Ekström made his full international debut in a friendly game against Greece on 1 May 1986, playing for 71 minutes alongside Dan Corneliusson at forward before being replaced by Lasse Larsson in a 0–0 draw. He scored his first international goal in a 3–1 friendly win against Finland on 6 August 1986.

UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying
Ekström made his competitive international debut for Sweden on 24 September 1986 in a UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying game against Switzerland, which Sweden won 2–0 after two goals by Ekström. He went on to score another four goals in the same qualifying campaign, making him the joint-third best goalscorer in the UEFA Euro 1988 qualifiers at six goals together with Alessandra Altobelli but behind John Bosman and Nico Claesen. Despite Ekström's goals, Sweden did not manage to qualify for Euro 1988.

1990 FIFA World Cup
Ekström scored two goals during the 1990 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign to help Sweden qualify for its first World Cup since 1978. While at the 1990 World Cup, he appeared in the second group stage game against Scotland, replacing Stefan Pettersson in the 63rd minute in a 1–2 loss. He started in the third group stage game against Costa Rica, scoring the first goal in a third consecutive 1–2 loss which had Sweden eliminated from the tournament.

UEFA Euro 1992
Ekström was a part of the Sweden squad at UEFA Euro 1992 on home soil in Sweden and appeared as a substitute in all four games as Sweden reached the semi-finals of the tournament before being eliminated by Germany.

Later years and retirement
Ekström played in four 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifying games before announcing his retirement from international football in October 1993. He made a brief comeback on 8 March 1995 in a friendly 3–3 draw with Cyprus in which Ekström scored one of the goals. He won a total of 47 caps for the Sweden national team, scoring 13 goals.

International

 * Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ekström goal.

Honours
IFK Göteborg
 * Allsvenskan: 1984, 1991, 1993
 * Svenska Cupen: 1991
 * UEFA cup: 1986–87

Bayern München
 * Bundesliga: 1988–89

Individual
 * Allsvenskan top scorer: 1986
 * Stor Grabb: 1988
 * Årets ärkeängel: 1992

title: Johnny Ekström


text:
Talk:Berkeley

Hijacking this article
I just undid a hijack of this article which involved redirecting it to the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) then creating a new Berkely disambiguation article. This is already a disambiguation article and fully complies with Wikipedia naming convention as in WP:Disambiguation. UCB has no greater claim to any other article named Berkeley in my opinion and it was wrong to redirect it without at least first discussing it and reaching some consensus. I appreciate WP:Bold but this was a little too bold for my liking. Please do not redirect/rename again without discussion and good reason. --Cheesy Mike (talk) 21:39, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I can understand moving this page to a new Berkeley disambiguation article and having "Berkeley" redirect to University of California, Berkeley. In my experience, when one says "Berkeley" it is UC Berkeley one thinks of, not, say, the "Berkeley Hundred". =) WP:Bold indeed. Buxley Hall (talk) 17:59, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Berkeley


text: User talk:81.214.152.62

title: User talk:81.214.152.62