text:
Wang Can

Wang Can (177 – 17 February 217), courtesy name Zhongxuan, was a Chinese politician and poet who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He contributed greatly to the establishment of laws and standards during the founding days of the vassal kingdom of Wei – the forerunner of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period – under the warlord Cao Cao, who was the de facto head of the Han central government in the final years of the Eastern Han dynasty. For his literary achievements, Wang Can was ranked among the Seven Scholars of Jian'an.

Wang Can was also renowned for his eidetic memory. The historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms described an incident where Wang Can was watching a game of weiqi. Someone accidentally knocked into the board and scattered the pieces. Wang Can then placed the pieces back to their original positions based on memory.

Life
Wang Can was from Gaoping County (高平縣), Shanyang Commandery (山陽郡), which is around present-day Weishan County, Shandong. He was born in a family of high-ranking officials as a son of Wang Qian (王謙), a Chief Clerk (長史) to the general He Jin, who was briefly a regent for Emperor Shao in 189. Wang Can's great-grandfather, Wang Gong (王龔), and grandfather, Wang Chang (王暢), held offices among the Three Ducal Ministers during the reigns of Emperor Shun and Emperor Ling respectively.

When the warlord Dong Zhuo usurped power in 189, placing on the throne the puppet ruler Emperor Xian, Wang Can was merely 13 years old (by East Asian reckoning). A year later, Dong Zhuo moved the imperial capital from Luoyang to the more strategically secure Chang'an. Wang Can then headed to Chang'an, where he settled down for the next three years. In Chang'an, the prominent scholar and calligrapher Cai Yong recognised Wang Can's talent and recommended him to the civil service. Wang Can received several offers to serve in the government but he turned down all of them.

In 194, Wang Can went to Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan) to seek a position under the provincial governor, Liu Biao. However, Liu Biao did not favour Wang Can as the latter looked pallid and sickly. After Liu Biao died in 208, Wang Can persuaded his son and successor, Liu Cong, to surrender to Cao Cao, the warlord who controlled the Han central government at the time.

Wang Can's talents came to fruition during his service in Cao Cao's administration. In 213, after Emperor Xian enfeoffed Cao Cao as the Duke of Wei and granted him ten cities to form his dukedom, Cao Cao tasked Wang Can with establishing a new system of laws and standards to replace the old one, which had largely fallen into disuse. In late 216, Wang Can accompanied Cao Cao on his fourth campaign against a rival warlord, Sun Quan.

Wang Can died of illness on the way back to Ye city (in present-day Handan, Hebei) in the spring of 217 at the age of 41 (by East Asian age reckoning). Cao Cao's heir apparent, Cao Pi, attended Wang Can's funeral and told the guests, "When he was still living, Wang Can loved the sounds of a donkey braying, so let's each make a braying sound as a farewell to him". Every guest did that.

Wang Can had two sons, who were executed in 219 for participating in a rebellion led by Wei Feng against Cao Cao's government. Their deaths resulted in the termination of Wang Can's family line. However, Wang Ye (王業), a younger relative of Wang Can, was eventually designated as Wang Can's adopted son to continue his family line. Wang Ye inherited 10,000 of Wang Can's books and passed them on to his own sons, Wang Bi and Wang Hong (王宏).

Literary achievements
Wang Can was an established poet. Along with six other poets of his time, their poems formed the backbone of what was to be known as the Jian'an style (建安風骨). They were collectively called the "Seven Scholars of Jian'an" (建安七子). "Jian'an" was the era name of Emperor Xian's reign from 196 to 220.

The civil strife towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty gave the Jian'an poems their characteristic solemn yet heart-stirring tone, while lament over the ephemerality of life was also a central theme of works from this period. In the history of Chinese literature, the Jian'an poems were a transition from the early folk songs into scholarly poetry. One of the representative works by Wang Can is the Poem of Seven Sorrows (七哀诗), a five-character poem lamenting the suffering of the people during the years of war. Wang Can also wrote a history book called Records of Heroes (英雄記).

Anecdotes
Many anecdotes and stories related to Wang Can exist. It is recounted that when he was yet a youth, Cai Yong, then a high-ranking official, once saw him and was in awe. Later, Wang Can went to visit Cai Yong; although many guests of exalted rank were present, the host hastened to welcome the newcomer with the greatest deference, even wearing his shoes the wrong way in his haste. The others were astonished and asked why he was so respectful to a mere youth. "He is a young man with the highest gifts, which I cannot match. I shall grant him all the books and essays in my home," said Cai Yong. The Records of the Three Kingdoms stated that Wang Can was widely read and had a most retentive memory, better than any of his contemporaries. If he glanced at a roadside monument as he passed, he remembered every word of the inscription. If he saw people playing weiqi and the board was suddenly disturbed, he could replace every piece in its correct place.

title: Wang Can


text:
Talk:Raymond E. Feist

Untitled
Can anyone explain what "When the group players was extended they played on fridays." means? I presume it is supposed to say "When the group was expanded, they played on fridays", and have changed the entry to reflex this, but if someone has better knowledge, please correct it. In general, the entry needs some work, as especially the first paragraph is badly structured.--Kristjan Wager 12:44, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Category
I have proposed Category:Raymond E. Feist Books for deleteion, as uunneeded. Visit this page to express an opnion on this issue. DES 30 June 2005 21:42 (UTC)

Merge
I have merged the seperate entries for the Riftwar Trilogy (all of which were stubs) into the single article Riftwar. DES 30 June 2005 21:49 (UTC)

Wife
The entry says he lives with his wife and kids. I am pretty sure he is now divorced but I have not been able to find a reliable source. Anyone know where to find this?

Entry now does not even mention a wife, but he was definately married. At least I remember meeting her back in at a signing for the release of Daughter of the Empire at Galaxy Bookshop in Sydney. I was a teenager at the time and was probably quite annoying hanging round the store all night until closing time because I was waiting for my father (who work rounf the corner) to give me a ride home. Anyway I remember her very clearly because I remember her pointing out to Raymond "This guy must really like you, he's covered your books in contact plastic. I only did that to my Tolkiens" - Waza 01:31, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

-> In the preface to Krondor: Tear of the Gods Feist mentioned the end of his marriage.

he has been divorced to my mom for 9 years now. yes, he is my father. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.166.33.218 (talk) 06:04, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

George Lucas
Isn't that a picture of George Lucas? I think I've seen it before
 * No that is Feist. —Lady Aleena talk / contribs 13:01, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Title of entire body of work
Has anyone ever come across a title for the entire body of work that started with Magician? How long must we call it Midkemia and Kelewan? I would go with Riftwars since it started with one and rifts continue to be a problem in the most current books. Any objections? —Lady Aleena talk / contribs 13:00, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

 * My understanding is that 'The Riftwar Cycle' can be used to refer to either the first three (or five, see my point further down) novels, or to the entire 30+ book series (by the time it finishes). However, this causes confusion. I refer to them as 'The Midkemian Saga' but that's just my take on it. I don't think Feist has come up with an overall title, which means we shouldn't either.--Werthead 23:58, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Hi, I have a box set from the early ninties published in the UK called the Riftwar Saga covering the first three books. I thinkk the the kelewan books fall under their own banner, and the remaining books (mainly set in Midkemia) are part of the Riftwar Cycle? Just an opinion! cheers, 57.66.49.133 13:34, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Raymond E. Feist did an interview in SFX#150 and he called the entire series of books 'The Riftwar Cycle'. That seems to indicate that 'The Riftwar Cycle' is the overall name for the books, with 'The Riftwar Saga', 'The Serpentwar Saga', 'The Riftwar Legacy', 'Legends of the Riftwar', 'The Conclave of Shadows', 'The Darkwar', 'The Demonwar' and 'The Godswar' as the individual series titles.--Werthead 14:56, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Just letting you all know...
I'm just going to let you all know that I'll be doing a massive update of the articles related to Feist. I've read all his books, I'm a member of the mailing list, contribute occasionally to the Midkemia Archives wiki etc. I will warn however, that some things won't be cited (yet). I'll be finding the sources for these within the next few days.--Tal 10:09, 27 June 2006 (UTC)
 * For those that you aren't citing immediately, you may want to use the citation needed template. Mike Peel 18:18, 27 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Is there a way to cite an email as a source? I understand that it would normally be a un-reliable source, but this WAS an email from the man himself... Anyways, I'll copy it here, just I have no idea how to cite it. (BTW it is huge)

Feist Email
On Feb 26, 2006, at 12:00 AM, Ray Annis wrote:

Dear Mr. Feist:

(If this is a subject that has been done to death or is painful to talk about, I will understand.)

I saw a "Bonanza" episode a couple of weeks ago and saw that it  was directed by your dad, Felix.....is that correct?

And one time, while researching filmography of Robert Heinlein's, did I not see your father's name involved somehow in the classic "When Two Worlds Collied".

I am sure many newer fans, like myself, have never heard of all the stuff your dad did....if it not verbotten, or done to death, or too painful to talk about, can you tell us about him? Did he bring you with him to sets? Anything would be welcome. -- Ya, that episode is titled "Blood on the Land," and was the only Bonanza my dad did; Everet Sloan, one of my favorite character actors  and a friend of my pop's, acted as the heavy in that one. Anyway, Felix was my step-father, as my biological father had died with I was  a little younger than 5 years old.

I think you are mistaken. The film was "When Wolds Collide," and was based on the novel by Edwin Balmer and Phillip Wylie. You might have been clicking on links and gotten to my pop this way; the leading man  in WWC was Richard Derr, who co-starred in Guilty of Treason, a film  my pop had directed the year before, staring Charles Bickford, Bonita  Granville, Paul Kelly, and others as well as Derr.

It's hardly "painful" as my step-father died forty years ago last September. My mom still misses him, and I think of him regularly, but life does move on.

My pop had some strong SF roots, having directed a pretty incredible film back in 1933 called Deluge which (to me at least) was the  inspiration for the disaster film The Day After. It was "lost" for years, and then a print was discovered and you can still get copies  of it on VHS from Amazon. The special effects of New York being hit by a tidal wave are pretty amazing for the day, and the acting style  is pure 1930's melodrama. Sydney Blakcmere was the star, who most folks remember as "Roman" in Rosemary's Baby.

Pop did a lot of "shorts" i.e. short subject films, the Robert Benchley and Pete Smith "Specials," like "My Grandfather's Clock" a  really silly 20 minute take off of Holmes/Watson, where Philo Holmes  and Doctor Watkins solve the murder.

His other SF entry was Donovan's Brain, staring Lew Ayres (best known for his Doctor Killdare films, eight of them, but you might know him  best as playing the President of the Twelve Colonies in the original  Battlestar Galactica pilot). Nancy Reagan (then Nancy Davies) was the co-star. Hugh Brooke adaptded the story from a Curt Siodmak novel, and my pop wrote the screenplay.

In TV he did a few Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea episodes.

Pop died in 1965 after being the line producer for a year on Peyton Place. He had been married three times (my mom was his third wife) and left behind six kids, only three of whom are still living, me  being the eldest.

He never brought me to sets, as it were, a lot because kids were not welcome on sets. I did visit the set a few times when I was a teenager, remembering in particular one night shoot on the backlot at  Fox on Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea episode. The second AD was drunk on his ass, and set ups were taking a very long time. Richard Basehart, the incredible actor who played Admiral Nelson, who was  also drunk on his ass, stood up on a crate and began reciting the  entire screenplay for "Tight Little Island," line for line. The film was retitled from the British "Whiskey Galore" (also the name of the  book written by Compton MacKenzie, who wrote Monarch of the Glenn)  for the US. It's a very funny film about a true story when a ship with a quarter million bottles of whiskey aboard sank off the coast  of the Eriskay, in the Outer Hebrides, Scottland, and the locals  plotted to plunder it. True story--and even today a passer by will find a bottle washing up on the beach every few years. Anyway, Basehart has everyone laughing so hard no work was getting done so my  pop had to crack the whip and get everyone back on page so they could  finish the shot; which was nothing more than a scene in which Basert  and David Heddison came skulking around the corner in a vaguely  Eastern German town to get into a black sedan and speed off.

Well, that's about as much reminiscence as I have time for today. My pop was considered one the best "B-film" directors around, and I've  had several younger directors cite him as an influence. He got into TV early and most of his work as I was growing up was on TV. The only feature I remember him directing was Pirates of Tripoli, with  Paul Henre, but after that it was all TV.

He was a good man, flawed as we all are, but he tried his best and you can't ask for more than that. Very sharp mind and very keen student of human behavior.

Best, R.E.F. -

>Anyway, Felix was my step-father, as my biological father had died with I was a little younger than 5 years old.

Feel free not to answer this.... If Felix Feist was your step-father, does that mean you changed your surname when you were young? If so what was it originally?

Tim --- My step-father adopted my younger brother and myself. My birth name was Raymond E. Gonzalez. No, I am no relation to the Raymond Gonzalez who plays jazz and classic guitar.

Best, R.E.F. -- Do you have a Latin background then Ray?

Cheers, Chris -- Ethnically? Culturally? No. My biological father's family were original Basque, who came to California via Mexico, then Texas. My grandparents were born in Mexico, my father in Texas (my uncle was  born in Mexico because my grandmother decided to go across the border  shopping and went into labor there). I was born in California. But I was raised by my Anglo-Saxon (ancestors on the Mayflower) mom after  my father died, and my step-father's heritage was New York Jewish  (even though his parents had converted to Christian Science), so my  upbringing was serious white boy in the San Fernando Valley.

I think, strictly speaking, even thought he Basque region is nestled between France and Spain, they aren't technically "latin," given  their culture and language predates the Roman incursions into that  area. Anyway, after a few generations in Mexico, Texas, and California, my father's family was decidedly "latin," as my  grandfather not only played in the Los Angeles Philharmonic, he was  also a founder of the Los Angeles Mariachi Orchestra, and everyone on  that side of the family is bilingual.

Best, R.E.F. -- OK, admittedly it is *Very* long, but it's pretty much a complete rundown of Ray's background, and a lot of the info there could be used on the Felix E. Feist page. --Tal 23:59, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
 * There is a Template:Cite email, which you could use, but have a read of the discussion page there first. Mike Peel 08:31, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Reading order section
Is the reading order section a) encylopaedic enough to be on wikipedia, and b) necessary? I would have thought that the order of the books in the biography, and the comments along with each book, would be enough to figure out what order to read the books in. Mike Peel 18:24, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

It looks like there is no reading order section anymore. This is a true problem. I referred to the list in wikipedia and ended up reading the serpentwar before the riftwar legacy, although they should be read in the reverse order to avoid spoilers. No, reading the details about each book is not a valid alternative; you are likely enough to encounter spoilers that I just don't do it. IMHO, we could simply reorder the book list in the proper reading order. Publication dates are present so readers have the information at hand and don't need them sorted. 30 Sep 2010. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.114.89.158 (talk) 14:33, 30 September 2010 (UTC)

Krondor's Sons?
My understanding is that neither Prince of the Blood nor The King's Buccaneer belong to a 'series', they are both subtitled "A Riftwar Cycle Novel". Thus they should either be made stand-alone or moved alongside Magician, Silverthorn and A Darkness at Sethanon in the 'main' Riftwar Cycle series.--Werthead 23:58, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Magician's Son
Magician's Son was the working title for Exile's Return. As far as I can tell, it's never been used in relation to Wrath of a Mad God.--Werthead 14:42, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Synopses
I'm fairly sure that we're not supposed to use the official synopses due to copyright, so would anyone like to add their own synopsis to any of the books, or I'd be happy to do so if need be. Tal 10:45, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

 * You're right that we aren't allowed to use official synopses, i made that mistake on some pages a while ago and got told off and if you're willing to write them i say go for it. Salavat 10:57, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

Character Profiles
Have just finished a reread of the books and am going to try and do pages for the major not magician characters such as Arutha, Lyam, Jimmy the Hand, Erik von Darkmoor, etc. Salters 14:10, 31 August 2007 (BST)

Removal of copyrighted material
I have just removed all of the publisher's blurb, for the main reason that they are copyright material, which isn't allowed on wikipedia. Summary written in your own words ideally with sourcing and references can be added but it would be better if they were on the books main page. I plan on creating a seperate article for each book, unless someone else does.

I have also removed excessive Fair Use book cover images; see Non-free content criteria items #3(a) and #8)

I have saved all of the ISBN's onto a text file, which i will add to the books separate pages.

Salavat (talk) 13:20, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

Major updates
I have made several changes and here is why:
 * narrative in the bibliography section - that will appear in a new The Riftwar Cycle article that will give an overview of the series
 * future books - since they aren't published or even written mostly, it's speculative not encyclopedic information (and I doubt Feist will ever write Jigsaw Lady)
 * computer games - they are related to The Riftwar Cycle, but not authored by Feist, so they will go in the new article
 * comic books - they are more closely related to the original novel
 * links - some were spammy, others have been converted to references, others will go with individual books
 * redlinks - I removed several redlinks that aren't likely to be written soon, and added some for planned new articles (see the talk page)
 * order - I've put the series in rough publishing order instead of chronological order as the internal chronology is complicated

Gaming history
In an interview with Feist in Deathray magazine, he mentioned that he had developed Midkemia first as an RPG supplement before he had begun writing. Unfortunately, I do not have access to the issue the interview was in, but it was on the stands in July.Rickremember (talk) 06:11, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

minor edit
cleared up a little language to avoid reptitionsRileyinspace (talk) 05:31, 29 March 2009 (UTC)riley

Rearrangement
Three items were incorrectly listed as "Other Works": All three take place within the Riftwar Cycle world. I moved them to reflect their proper location.TripCyclone (talk) 19:11, 23 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Profit and the Grey Assassin
 * Tulan of the Isles
 * Jonril, Gateway to the Sunken Lands

Future of his writings, 2011
Does anyone knows if he plans to stop writing books or something? I just read a description of his latest book and I read: "Discover the fate of the original black Magician, Pug, and his motley crew of agents who safeguard the world of Trigia, as prophecy becomes truth in the first book of the last ever Midkemian trilogy." The part about "the first book of the last ever Mikemian trilogy".

Does that mean he will stop writing fantasy novels about Midkemia? Anyone knows anything about that? He is the only fantasy author I still read books from. 178.190.68.63 (talk) 02:24, 24 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Im pretty sure it was mentioned over at Crydee.com at this is his last series in the Midkemia world and then after that im i think he said he was going to start something new, but im not 100% sure. It should be somewhere in the news section of the site. Salavat (talk) 07:07, 24 February 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Raymond E. Feist


text:
Guy Mariano

Guy Mariano (born March 31, 1976 ) is an American professional skateboarder. Mariano first gained recognition at the age of 14 for his video part in the Blind Skateboards video Video Days (1991).

Early life
Mariano attended John Burroughs High School in Burbank, California.

Professional skateboarding
Val Surf, a Californian retail outlet, was Mariano's first ever sponsor. Mariano's first skateboard deck sponsor was Powell Peralta and he appeared in the company's video "Ban This", alongside Paulo Diaz, Rudy Johnson, and Gabriel Rodriguez.

Together with Mark Gonzales, Jason Lee, Jordan Richter, and Rudy Johnson, Mariano appeared in the Blind video, Video Days, considered a classic achievement in skateboarding history. Skateboarder magazine brought together all of the video's members for a reunion article that celebrated twenty years since the video's release, while Gonzales has since been named the most influential skateboarder of all time by the Transworld Skateboarding magazine. Professional skateboarder, Paul Rodriguez explained in 2003 that he first saw Video Days in 1999 to better understand why his generation skated the way it did and also because the video inspired him to skateboard.

Mariano joined professional skateboarders Rodney Mullen, Jeron Wilson, Andrew Reynolds, Gershon Mosley, Ryan Wilburn, Heath Kirchart, and Mike York on a trip to Australia for the filming of a documentary entitled Canvas. The film was co-directed by Matt Hill, part owner of Globe.

Following Blind, Mariano joined the Girl Skateboards team and appeared in the video Mouse (1996). Since joining the Girl team, Mariano has appeared in every major Girl video production since the company's inception.

Following a hiatus related to illicit drug use, Mariano returned to professional skateboarding in 2005. Mariano contributed a part in Lakai Limited Footwear's skateboarding video Fully Flared and won the "Best Street", "Best Video Part", and "Readers Choice" awards at the 2008 awards event that is presented annually by the Transworld Skateboarding magazine—the video itself won the "Best Video" award. Mariano did not present a pre-written speech after receiving any of the awards and was quoted as stating, "I’m older than most of you so I’m going to cry." after his "Best Street" accolade and "I love everybody! I love skateboarding" following the announcement of the "Best Video Part" decision.

In 2012, Mariano appeared in Pretty Sweet, a collaborative video between the Girl and Chocolate brands, and received the closing video part, a symbol of a video part's excellence (often referred to as the video's "ender"). Initially, Mariano was merely going to be featured in a montage section, but after he was encouraged by the video's filmer, Ty Evans, to "focus more" on his "stuff", Mariano eventually assembled enough footage for a full video part that features a number of tricks that were filmed in China. Mariano revealed in a 2012 interview that the filming process for the video was very physically intensive and "ice baths, massage therapy and chiropractic adjustments" were factors in the completion of the part. Following his Pretty Sweet video part, a level of anticipation developed in regard to the awarding of the Skater of the Year (SOTY) trophy to Mariano by Thrasher magazine and Gary Rogers, from the Internet show, Skateline, was a significant contributor to this momentum—the award was eventually given to David González.

Company owner
Mariano co-founded the Royal Trucks skateboard truck company with Rudy Johnson in 1999, and is also a part owner in the Fourstar clothing brand with Eric Koston.

Awards and accolades
Following his return from an extended period of leave from professional skateboarding, Mariano received the awards for "Best Street Skater" and "Best Video Part" (for Fully Flared) at the 10th Annual Transworld SKATEboarding Awards.

Mariano received the Best Video Part award again at the 15th Transworld award event for his closing part in the Girl/Chocolate co-production Pretty Sweet.

Professional skateboarder Paul Rodriguez identified Mariano in his "top ten" list of favorite professional skateboarders in July 2013. Rodriguez stated: "He’s just one of those guys that did legendary things that people who were there witnessed and you would just hear about. Then taking such a long hiatus and coming back from that better than ever."

Personal life
Mariano is Italian-American and has revealed that, at the age of 37, professional skateboarding has led to significant difficulties in his personal life:

"I made a lot of sacrifices—I missed my mom's birthdays, my girlfriend's birthdays, Thanksgiving, Christmas, because I was on skate trips. I have to put a lot of my life on hold to be a skateboarder at this age. A lot of people are moving on in life and having babies and families, but I'm still not around every weekend. It can get a little old for the people around you in your life, you know?"

title: Guy Mariano


text:
Fort Wayne Freedom

The  Fort Wayne Freedom was a professional indoor football team based in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

The team was most recently a member of the Continental Indoor Football League, but originally began play in 2003 as an expansion team in the National Indoor Football League.

The Freedom were the original indoor football team to be based in Fort Wayne. After four years of being the only indoor team in Fort Wayne, the franchise was sold to AF2 and the Fort Wayne Fusion was established as part of the AF2 in 2007.

After a failed year in AF2, the Freedom came back in 2008 with new ownership and continued through the 2009 season. In 2010, another indoor team, the Fort Wayne FireHawks, replaced the Freedom in the CIFL.

The owner of the second version of the Freedom was Bill Fahlsing. The Freedom played their home games at Allen County War Memorial Coliseum in Fort Wayne.

2004
The original Fort Wayne Freedom was a professional indoor football team. They were most recently a member of the United Indoor Football league (UIF), and played their home games at the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum. In 2004, the Freedom set the single game record for attendance at 10,225.

Schedule

 * 2004 stats do not include a NIFL playoff games with the Show Me Believers and at Ohio Valley (Wheeling, West Virginia)***

2005
The 2005 season was the best season in franchise history. This was the first year in the UIF, the team moved to the association, after two years in the NIFL. Finishing a league-best 14-2, and winning the UIF Midwest Division. In the first-round of the UIF playoffs. The Tennessee Valley Raptors upset Freedom 57-22.

2006
As Matt Land left the Freedom to become head coach at Tri-State University in NCAA Division III. The Freedom selected offensive coordinator Dan Pifer to be their new head coach. Pifer would later serve as the offensive coordinator for NCAA Division III Tri-State, later renamed Trine, under former coach Matt Land. He had worked previously as an assistant coach at the University of St. Francis, an NAIA institution, and NCAA Division II Hillsdale College in Michigan. Pifer also was a high school assistant and played quarterback at the University of California in Pennsylvania. After completing its fourth year of football, the assets of the Freedom were sold to Jeremy Golden, who moved the franchise to AF2. Meanwhile, leaders with United Indoor Football did find an ownership group (that included investor Bill Bean) that also sought a lease with Randy Brown and the Memorial Coliseum. Brown opted to go with the AF2 franchise.

Rumored move to AF2
The team had been heavily rumored to move to AF2 for quite some time, and Coffey sold the assets to Golden on November 10, 2006. Golden had already applied for and was awarded an AF2 franchise, but because only the assets and not the Freedom's corporate entity were sold, the Fort Wayne Fusion AF2 franchise is not a continuation of the UIF team.

2008: The return of the Freedom
In October 2007, the group Fort Wayne Sports Partners owned by Todd Ellis, John Christener and Mike McCaffrey, adopted the name Freedom as a new franchise in 2008. Only the name, and some players from the 2003–2006 teams were associated with the original franchise. . The team also announced that Eddie Brown, who had coached the Fusion the season before, would be the head coach for the Freedom, who would be joining the Continental Indoor Football League. Since the Fusion ownership had failed mid season in 2007, Brown and McCaffrey made majority owner Todd Ellis guaranteed them both that if the team ran into financial trouble they would not be responsible for any of the unpaid bills. The teams poor financial history left every part of owning the franchise more difficult, even as far as ownership of the team's turf. The team's new ownership also showed signs of financial trouble right away, as they were banned from the CIFL in January 2008, for failing to pay league dues. These troubles made Brown and McCaffrey question the ownership, and Ellis fired them both, replacing Brown with Willie Davis Jr. and McCaffrey with himself. The Freedom were able to work out a deal with CIFL Commissioner, Jeff Spitaleri, and paid their $22,500 league fee, which removed the ban and allowed the team to join the CIFL in 2008.

2009
In September, 2008, the Freedom announced that former Freedom Assistant GM Brad Harris (who was with the original Freedom from 2003–2005) had been hired as GM. Head coach Matt Land also returned for the 2009 to coach the team for the full season.

In 2008, Land, who had been the team's head coach for the 2005 campaign, was asked by team co-owner William Fahlsing to lead the team for the final four games of the season when original head coach Willie Davis, Jr. was fired the morning of the May 17 game against the Chicago Slaughter. With only 15 minutes of practice, Land's second term began with a 41-33 loss to the Slaughter, despite a solid performance by the Freedom defense.

In 2009, the Freedom had success on the field but struggled financially. Toward the end of the 2009 season players were not paid promptly and then not at all. Team Co-owners Bill Fahlsing and Mark Chappius were forced to ask for public support to help get the team through the season. Despite the financial issue with salaries, the players continued to play for the Freedom and won the Eastern Conference Championship over the Marion Mayhem but lost the 2009 CIFL championship game to the Chicago Slaughter.

Fans
The Freedom Force is the official fan club of the Fort Wayne Freedom.

Head coaches
Note: Statistics are correct through the end of the 2009 Continental Indoor Football League season.

title: Fort Wayne Freedom


text:
File:Yoko Ono Every Man.jpg

Summary
Yoko Ono "Every Man Has A Woman" 1984

title: File:Yoko Ono Every Man.jpg


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Red Sea–Dead Sea Water Conveyance

The Red Sea–Dead Sea Conveyance (RSDSC), sometimes called the Two Seas Canal, was a planned pipeline to run from the coastal city of Aqaba by the Red Sea to the Lisan area in the Dead Sea. Its abandonment was reported in June 2021.

It was to provide potable water to Jordan, Israel and the Palestinian territories, bringing water with a high concentration of salts resulting from the desalination process (reject brine) to stabilise the Dead Sea water level, and generate electricity to support the energy needs of the project. The project was planned to be carried out by Jordan and is entirely in Jordanian territory. It was to be financed by the governments of Jordan, Israel, and a number of international donors. The project had a tentative $10 billion price tag, with the first phase—slated to begin construction in 2021—costing $1.1 billion.

The water level in the Dead Sea is shrinking at a rate of more than one metre per year, and its surface area has shrunk by about 33% since the 1960s. This is largely due to the diversion of most of the flow into the Dead Sea from the Jordan River, much of which originates in the Sea of Galilee. The completion of the National Water Carrier scheme in 1964 diverted water for Israel, Jordan and Syria to use for irrigation and drinking water.

The decline of the Dead Sea level is causing major local environmental problems, including sinkholes and receding shorelines. Other routes for a conduit for the same objectives as the RSDSC, including the Mediterranean–Dead Sea Canal, were proposed in Israel in the 1980s, but were discarded.

History

The connection of the seas by canal was first suggested in the mid-19th century by British officers who were looking for ways to circumvent the French-built Suez Canal and had not realized that the level of the Dead Sea is much lower. Later on, at the end of the 19th century, planners thought of ways to use water from the Jordan River, which originates in the Sea of Galilee, for irrigation and to bring sea water to the Dead Sea to create energy from its position of -390 m below sea level. One of those planners was the Zionist leader Theodor Herzl.

The completion of the National Water Carrier scheme in 1964 diverted water for Israel, Jordan and Syria to use for irrigation and drinking water.

The Red Sea–Dead Sea conduit (RSDSC) was proposed at the end of the 1960s and was analysed as part of the peace process between Israel and Jordan. In the late 1990s a team headed by Refael (Rafi) Benvenisti working with Minister Shimon Peres as the Minister of Regional Cooperation suggested to establish the stabilization of the Dead Sea water level ('Saving the Dead Sea') as a major objective of the project. It suggested building the project in stages in order to test the mixing of the two seas water phasing the big investment associated with the project. The project was called "the Peace conduit" and was proposed to be located on Jordanian territory for financial and implementation reasons.

On 9 May 2005, Jordan, Israel and the Palestinian Authority signed an agreement to go ahead with a feasibility study for the RSDSC. The agreement was signed on the Dead Sea by Jordanian Water Minister Raed Abu Soud, Israeli Infrastructure Minister Binyamin Ben-Eliezer and Palestinian Planning Minister Ghassan al-Khatib.

In June 2009, after a meeting with World Bank President Robert Zoellick, the Israeli Regional Cooperation Minister, Silvan Shalom, announced a pilot project to build a "pilot" pipe 180 km long from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea. The pipe would pump 200 million cubic metres per year. Half of this would be desalinated for Jordanian consumption and half put into the Dead Sea.

In October 2009 the Jordanian government announced that it would unilaterally tender a Jordan Red Sea Project. According to the government, this project could be considered as the first phase of the RSDSC project. The Jordan project was to be implemented by a private company under authority granted by the government. The project would also serve as an economic development project to create housing for 1.36 million people (1) south of Amman, (2) at the Southern end of the Dead Sea, (3) north of Aqaba and (4) in gated communities. Several tourist resorts would be created. It was divided into five phases. The first phase would include extraction of 400 million cubic metres of seawater per year, resulting in 210 million cubic metres/year (MCM/yr) of freshwater and 190 million cubic metres/year for discharge into the Dead Sea. The construction of the first phase was expected to take seven years. In March 2011, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation short-listed six firms for the first phase of the project.

The World Bank announced that it would release a feasibility study of water conveyance from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea together with an environmental and social assessment as well as a study of alternatives in early 2012. The many alternatives studied included a restoration of the Jordan River to its natural flow and the taking of no action.

In August 2013, Jordanian government announced that it would move ahead with the first phase of a project. On 9 December 2013, an agreement to build the pipeline was signed by Israel, Jordan, and Palestine. On 21 June 2016, Jordan announced that it had received 17 bids from international firms to construct the canal.

On 27 November 2016, it was announced that the Jordanian government was shortlisting five consortia to implement the project. Jordan's ministry of Water and Irrigation said that the $100 million first phase of the project would begin construction in the first quarter of 2018, and would be completed by 2021.

In June 2021, it was reported that the water level in the Dead Sea was shrinking at a rate of more than one metre per year, and that its surface area had shrunk by about 33% since the 1960s. This was largely due to the diversion of most of the flow into the Dead Sea from the Jordan River.

In June 2021, the project was reportedly abandoned by the Jordanian government, citing a lack of interest by Israel.

Project features and benefits
The proposed conveyance would have pumped seawater 230 meters uphill from the Red Sea's Gulf of Aqaba through the Arabah Valley in Jordan. The water would then flow down gravitationally through multiple pipelines to the area of the Dead Sea, followed by a drop through a penstock to the level of the Dead Sea near its shore, thence via an open canal to the Sea itself, which lies about 420 meters below sea level. The project would have utilized about 225 km of pipelines for seawater and brine, parallel to the Arabah Valley in Jordan. The project would also have required about 178 km of freshwater pipelines to the Amman area, as well as several water desalination plants and at least one hydroelectric plant. In its final phase, it would have produced about 850 million cubic meters of freshwater per year.

The project would have required electric power from the Jordanian power grid. It would also have provided some electricity through hydroelectric power but would probably have been a large net user of energy. The net power demand would have had to be satisfied through other power projects whose costs are not included in the project costs. The Kingdom of Jordan had planned to build a large nuclear power plant to make up at least some of the difference.

Costs and financing
The project cost estimates varied from two to more than ten billion dollars, depending on its structure and stages. The first phase of the Jordan Red Sea Project was expected to cost US$2.5 billion, and to be financed to a large extent from commercial sources, including debt and equity and soft international financing. As of January 2019, Israel had been expected to contribute over one billion dollars over a period of 25 years.

Environmental impact
The transfer of mass volumes of water from one sea to another can have drastic consequences on the unique natural characteristics of each of the seas, as well as on the desert valley which separates them, the Arabah. Some of these characteristics, especially in the Dead Sea area, are unique on a global perspective, and therefore crucially important for conservation. The environmental group EcoPeace Middle East has protested against the allegedly premature approval of the project. By the mid-noughties, the group listed several potential hazardous effects of the project on the unique natural systems of the Red Sea, the Dead Sea, and the Arabah. Some have argued that these risks are serious enough to necessitate further discussion; others feel that their effects are negligible. In August 2011, the World Bank published a study based on environmental assessments carried out under its supervision. A letter to the World Bank was included in its introduction, in which the science team's leader explained that "it is preferable to study and mitigate unexpected impacts and phenomena which may arise when seawater first mixes in the Dead Sea, before a full scale RSDSC is implemented."

Dead Sea composition
There is a risk of damage to the unique natural system of the Dead Sea, due to mixing its water with Red Sea water, or brines created from the process of desalinating Red Sea water which has a different chemical composition. This potential damage includes changes in water salinity, massive formation of gypsum, formation of volatile toxic compounds, changes in water evaporation rates, changes in the composition of bacteria and algae which inhabit the sea surface, chemical changes in the rocks which surround the water, and loss of unique health benefits that account for much of the tourist attraction to the Dead Sea area.

The report of Tahal Group, the Geological Survey of Israel, Portland State University, Oregon, US and Institute of Life Sciences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, states:
 * "In order to stabilize the Dead Sea level, more than 700 MCM/yr (million cubic metres/year) of additional water is needed."
 * "The present conditions of the Dead Sea will be maintained at least up to inflow volume of about 400 MCM/yr".
 * "Potential for biological blooming exists only when stratification develops and the upper mixed layer is diluted by at least 10%"
 * "Once stratification develops and mixing occurs in the upper water column, there is a potential for "whitening"
 * Stratification may develop above inflow of 500–600 MCM/yr.

Gulf of Aqaba coral reefs
There is a risk of damage to the coral reefs of the Gulf of Aqaba, due to water pumping. The coral reefs have so far resisted bleaching despite climate change, but the conveyance could upset this balance.

The report of Thetis SpA, the Interuniversity Institute For Marine Sciences In Eilat, Marine Science Station University of Jordan and Yarmouk University, Aqaba and Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research institute, states:
 * "The exchanges of water between the Gulf and the northern Red Sea through the Strait of Tiran are several orders of magnitude larger than those that would be induced by the proposed abstraction flows, such that the latter would likely be imperceptible except in the immediate vicinity of the sink. The expected effect of the abstraction on the heat budget of the gulf is also expected to be negligible".
 * "Based on above assessments our findings are for a 'go' decision, as long as the intake configuration, location, and depth are selected properly".

Arabah ecosystem
The scheme had the potential to cause Damage to the natural landscape and ecosystem of the Arabah, due to the construction process, and the increase in humidity caused by the open canal segments.

According to the preferred scenario of the World Bank Study the conduit will be multiple buried pipelines and not canals. Special care will be taken to minimize the environmental and archeological damage.

Arabah aquifer
There is a risk of damage to the aquifer of the Arabah, due to contamination of groundwater with water from the Red Sea. The alluvial deposits in Wadi Araba contain important supplies of fresh water. In the event that the pipeline ruptures (due to earthquake risk given the location in the Jordan Rift Valley), these aquifers will be irreparably damaged. This can have fatal consequences to both the agriculture and ecosystem of the Arabah.

The planning and construction of the pipelines will include measures to minimize the potential for pipeline ruptures.

Archeological heritage
There are also potential threats to the archeological heritage of the area if construction proceded. The pipeline will cross areas of important cultural heritage, such as Wadi Finan, where the earliest copper mining and extraction in the world took place.

Other arguments
Israeli environmental NGOs say that the reestablishment of the Jordan River to its natural state was a better solution to the decline of the Dead Sea than the proposed canal.

In 2005, the proposal also generated some concern by the chairman of Egypt's Suez Canal Authority, who argued that the canal will increase seismic activity in the region, provide Israel with water for cooling its nuclear reactor near Dimona, develop settlements in the Negev Desert, and increase well salinity. However, as proposed, most of the desalinated water was expected to be used by Jordan and the Palestinians. Under the most recent proposal, water sufficient only to prevent the Dead Sea from dehydrating would have flowed through the system, preventing salt water flow into wells. The World Bank study recommended re-routing the conduit to avoid the geological faults of the Araba Valley.

A 2019 episode of Nova centered around issues the proposed project aims to solve. The documentary argued that "it would take an enormous amount of water from the Sea of Galilee to stabilize the Dead Sea," citing the Sea of Galilee's loss of more than a hundred billion gallons between 2013 and 2018. On the same program, scientist Ittai Gavrieli discussed indirect problems such as excreting reject brine into the Mediterranean Sea. Gavrieli and others opined that the Dead Sea basin is a unique example of human-caused climate change that would serve as a valuable geological park.

title: Red Sea–Dead Sea Water Conveyance


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User talk:Justhill

Please don't vandalize templates or use them for wiki experimentation/learning. Use the sandbox for that. Thanks!

title: User talk:Justhill


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Ohio Valley Greyhounds

The Ohio Valley Greyhounds were a professional indoor football team. They began play in 1999 as the Steel Valley Smash, a charter member of the IFL. After the league folded, they moved to the NIFL, became a charter member, and renamed themselves as the Ohio Valley Greyhounds. After four successful years in the league, they moved to the UIF in 2005 and became a charter member to the new league. However, the Greyhounds failed to reach the same level of success from the NIFL years. Their home games were played at the WesBanco Arena in Wheeling, West Virginia, which is also the home to the ECHL's Wheeling Nailers. After three dismal years in the UIF, the team folded in October 2007.

Season-by-season
Lost Semifinal (Peoria) Lost Semifinal (Mississippi) Win Semifinal (T. ThunderCats) Won Indoor Bowl II (Billings) Won Semifinal (Lake Charles) Won Indoor Bowl III (Utah) Lost AC Championship (Lexington) !Totals || 73 || 53 || 0
 * colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Steel Valley Smash (IFL)
 * 1999 || 2 || 10 || 0 || 4th Southern || --
 * 2000 || 9 || 5 || 0 || 1st EC Southern || Won Quarterfinal (Green Bay)
 * 1999 || 2 || 10 || 0 || 4th Southern || --
 * 2000 || 9 || 5 || 0 || 1st EC Southern || Won Quarterfinal (Green Bay)
 * 2000 || 9 || 5 || 0 || 1st EC Southern || Won Quarterfinal (Green Bay)
 * colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Ohio Valley Greyhounds (NIFL)
 * 2001 || 11 || 3 || 0 || 1st Atlantic Eastern || Won Round 1 (Lake Charles)
 * 2001 || 11 || 3 || 0 || 1st Atlantic Eastern || Won Round 1 (Lake Charles)
 * 2001 || 11 || 3 || 0 || 1st Atlantic Eastern || Won Round 1 (Lake Charles)
 * 2002 || 12 || 1 || 0 || 1st Atlantic Northern || Won Round 1 (L. Rangers)
 * 2002 || 12 || 1 || 0 || 1st Atlantic Northern || Won Round 1 (L. Rangers)
 * 2003 || 14 || 0 || 0 || 1st Atlantic Eastern || Won Round 1 (Lexington)
 * 2003 || 14 || 0 || 0 || 1st Atlantic Eastern || Won Round 1 (Lexington)
 * 2004 || 11 || 3 || 0 || 1st Atlantic East || Won AC Semifinal (Fort Wayne)
 * 2004 || 11 || 3 || 0 || 1st Atlantic East || Won AC Semifinal (Fort Wayne)
 * colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Ohio Valley Greyhounds (UIF)
 * 2005 || 6 || 9 || 0 || 2nd Midwest || Lost Round 1 (Sioux City)
 * 2006 || 6 || 9 || 0 || 3rd East || --
 * 2007 || 2 || 13 || 0 || 6th East || --
 * 2006 || 6 || 9 || 0 || 3rd East || --
 * 2007 || 2 || 13 || 0 || 6th East || --
 * 2007 || 2 || 13 || 0 || 6th East || --
 * 2007 || 2 || 13 || 0 || 6th East || --
 * colspan="2"| (including playoffs)

title: Ohio Valley Greyhounds


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Talk:Talsi District

Talsu County → Talsi County - The name of the city this county is named after is Talsi. Talsu is the genitive form of Talsi, used in the Latvian name(Talsu rajons). Talsi County is now a redirect to Talsu County. — Markussep 12:54, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * support nominativ Tobias Conradi (Talk) 19:01, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

This article has been renamed as the result of a move request. violet/riga (t) 23:09, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Talsi District


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User:Dan Luba

Currently studying BSc Anthropology in England. Mostly interested in Social/Cultural Anthropology, particularly with regard to Forced Migration.

User since: May 29th, 2005.

title: User:Dan Luba


text:
Fibre-optic gyroscope

A fibre-optic gyroscope (FOG) senses changes in orientation using the Sagnac effect, thus performing the function of a mechanical gyroscope. However its principle of operation is instead based on the interference of light which has passed through a coil of optical fibre, which can be as long as 5 km.

Operation
Two beams from a laser are injected into the same fibre but in opposite directions. Due to the Sagnac effect, the beam travelling against the rotation experiences a slightly shorter path delay than the other beam. The resulting differential phase shift is measured through interferometry, thus translating one component of the angular velocity into a shift of the interference pattern which is measured photometrically.

Beam splitting optics split light from a laser diode (or other laser light source) into two waves propagating in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions through a coil consisting of many turns of optical fibre. The strength of the Sagnac effect is dependent on the effective area of the closed optical path: this is not simply the geometric area of the loop but is also increased by the number of turns in the coil. The FOG was first proposed by Vali and Shorthill in 1976. Development of both the passive interferometer type of FOG, or IFOG, and a newer concept, the passive ring resonator FOG, or RFOG, is proceeding in many companies and establishments worldwide.

Advantages
A FOG provides extremely precise rotational rate information, in part because of its lack of cross-axis sensitivity to vibration, acceleration, and shock. Unlike the classic spinning-mass gyroscope or resonant/mechanical gyroscopes, the FOG has no moving parts and doesn't rely on inertial resistance to movement. Hence, the FOG is an excellent alternative to a mechanical gyroscope. Because of their intrinsic reliability and long lifetime, FOGs are used for high performance space applications and military inertial navigation systems.

The FOG typically shows a higher resolution than a ring laser gyroscope.

FOGs are implemented in both open-loop and closed-loop configurations.

Disadvantages
Like all other gyroscope technologies and depending on detailed FOG design, FOGs may require initial calibration (determining which indication corresponds to zero angular velocity).

Some FOG designs are somewhat sensitive to vibrations. However, when coupled with multiple-axis FOG and accelerometers and hybridized with Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) data, the impact is mitigated, making FOG systems suitable for high shock environments, including gun pointing systems for 105mm and 155mm howitzers.

title: Fibre-optic gyroscope


text: File:Red Eye (2005 film) poster.jpg

title: File:Red Eye (2005 film) poster.jpg


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Red Eye (2005 American film)

Red Eye is a 2005 American psychological thriller film directed by Wes Craven and written by Carl Ellsworth based on a story by Ellsworth and Dan Foos. It stars Rachel McAdams, Cillian Murphy, and Brian Cox. The story follows a hotel manager ensnared in an assassination plot by a terrorist while aboard a red-eye flight to Miami.

The film score was composed and conducted by Marco Beltrami. It was distributed by DreamWorks Pictures and was released on August 19, 2005.

The film received positive reviews and was a box-office success. An extended version of the film, which added previously unused footage to increase the running time, was broadcast on the ABC network several times.

Plot
After attending her grandmother's funeral, Lisa Reisert arrives at Dallas Love Field to take a red-eye flight back to Miami, Florida. She meets a handsome young man named Jackson Rippner, also traveling to Miami. While waiting to board Fresh Air flight 1019, a Boeing 767-300 from Dallas Forth-Worth to Miami, they share a drink at the airport bar and engage in small talk.

To her surprise, Lisa finds Jackson seated beside her on the flight. After takeoff, his charming demeanor quickly turns sinister as he informs her that he works for a domestic terrorist organization planning to assassinate Charles Keefe, the current United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security. Lisa's managerial position at the Lux Atlantic Hotel in Miami, where Keefe and his family are staying, is crucial to their plot.

Rippner orders Lisa to make a call to move the Keefe family to a suite where a missile launched from a boat in the harbor will strike. Otherwise, her father Joe will be killed. Lisa makes several attempts to delay making the call and get help, going as far as writing a fake bomb threat in the bathroom. However, a combination of bad luck and Rippner's vigilance thwart all her efforts.

Eventually, Lisa calls her co-worker, Cynthia, and has her move the Keefe family to the targeted suite. Jackson refuses to call off the hitman waiting outside Joe's house until the assassination is confirmed.

As the plane lands at Miami International Airport, Lisa reveals having been the victim of a violent rape at knifepoint two years earlier. After expressing her determination to fight to the end, she stabs Jackson in the throat with a ballpoint pen, grabs his phone, and flees the plane.

Once outside, Lisa makes her way to the airport exit and steals an unattended SUV. She tells Cynthia to evacuate the hotel suite. Cynthia, the Keefes, and U.S. Secret Service agents leave the room seconds before a missile destroys it.

The cell phone's battery dies as Lisa calls her father, so she hurries to his home. She hits and kills the hitman with the car when he shoots at her. Joe is unharmed and has called 9-1-1.

Jackson arrives and incapacitates Joe, then pursues Lisa throughout the house. As they struggle, he throws her down the staircase. Lisa retrieves the dead hitman's gun and shoots Jackson. Wounded, he disarms her and is about to kill her when the revived Joe shoots Jackson with the gun. Lisa returns to the hotel to provide assistance, where Keefe praises both women and thanks them for what they did to save his life with the rest of his family.

Cast

 * Rachel McAdams as Lisa Reisert
 * Cillian Murphy as Jackson Rippner
 * Brian Cox as Joseph "Joe" Reisert
 * Jayma Mays as Cynthia
 * Jack Scalia as Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Charles Keefe
 * Robert Pine as Bob Taylor
 * Teresa Press-Marx as Marianne Taylor
 * Angela Paton as Nice lady
 * Suzie Plakson as Senior flight attendant
 * Monica McSwain as Junior flight attendant
 * Dane Farwell as Hitman at dad's house
 * Laura Johnson as Blonde Woman
 * Loren Lester as Doctor
 * Max Kasch as Headphone kid
 * Kyle Gallner as Headphone kid's brother
 * Brittany Oaks as Rebecca
 * Beth Toussaint as Lydia Keefe
 * Colby Donaldson as Keefe's head bodyguard
 * Marc Macaulay as Coast Guard officer
 * Jenny Wade as Coffee shop girl

Box office
Red Eye opened theatrically on August 19, 2005, in 3,079 venues, earning $16,167,662 in its opening weekend, ranking second in the domestic box office behind The 40-Year-Old Virgin ($21,422,815). At the end of its run, eight weeks later (on October 13), the film grossed $57,891,803 in the United States and Canada, and $37,685,971 overseas for a worldwide total of $95,577,774. Based on a $26 million budget, the film was a box office success.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 80% based on 196 critics, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The site's consensus states: "With solid performances and tight direction from Wes Craven, Red Eye is a brisk, economic thriller." On Metacritic, the film received a weighted score of 71 out of 100, based on 36 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.

Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 3.5/4 stars calling it the "best thriller of summer 2005", and a "gripping suspense [that] will pin you to your seat".

Roger Ebert commended the film, calling it a "good thriller" that moves "competently [and] relentlessly". He praised Craven for making the film "function so smoothly" and "doing exactly what it was intended to do". Ebert also expressed admiration for the performances of McAdams and Murphy, stating that they are "very effective together". He said that McAdams is "so convincing because she keeps [her performance] at ground level" and "she remains plausible even when the action ratchets up around her". He also complimented Murphy for his "ability to modulate his character instead of gnashing the scenery". He gave the film 3/4 stars.

Manohla Dargis of The New York Times called the film a "nifty, tense thriller" and said that the casting of the two leads is "a nice surprise". She said that Murphy is "a picture-perfect villain" and McAdams has a "depth of intensity" that is uncommon.

USA Today film critic Claudia Puig said the film is "fun to watch because of the strong performances". She praised McAdams for blending "vulnerability and courage" into her performance and called Murphy "menacing". While she mentioned that the film is "tense, smart, and nerve-wracking" and "entertaining and scary" on the first hour, she criticizes the film for going "downhill" and becoming a "by-the-book action flick".

Variety's Robert Koehler stated that "Red Eye relies on hoodwinking an audience with its tension, so that the sheer illogic of the conspiracy plot can slip by without detection" but complimented McAdams for finding "new and interesting ways of silently projecting fear".

Wesley Morris of The Boston Globe felt the film was like a "poor cousin of an episode of 24. Call it 12."

In October 2006, the film ranked 25th in the 30 Even Scarier Movie Moments, a follow-up to Bravo's The 100 Scariest Movie Moments which was aired in October 2004.

In 2021, Cillian Murphy said, "I remember when I saw it, [I] was like 'Oh, that’s kind of a schlocky B movie. Rachel McAdams is excellent in it.' But I didn’t think I gave a very nuanced performance in it. But, listen, if people love the movie then that’s great. I’m pleased with that." In 2024, he recalled that Red Eye is not among his favorites: “I love Rachel McAdams and we had fun making it but I don’t think it’s a good movie. It’s a good B movie.”

title: Red Eye (2005 American film)


text:
Talk:Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant

Could pool have dried out?
F*kin hell! These brits almost managed to level their island (and kill all fish in the north sea). If those 83 m3 of jice they had in the pool for months did condense due to ventillation, there would be a spontaneuos PU and U chain reaction sooner or later. Then Sellafield goes ka-boom and UK, Norway, Iceland are no more. The comparison with Mayak is no joke and most people still do not understand how bad Mayak was. The guys at Sellafield should face musketry, no less! - 12:52, 29 May 2005 195.70.32.136
 * The investigation report looked at the possibility of criticality, and concluded it was impossible with the LEU concentration of leaked liquor in this incident. But they weren't certain of that had it been 4% LEU, the max allowed in the safety case: "the likelihood of criticality would still be low." Also it wouldn't have gone boom, and because of the concrete shielding even nearby workers would have been within thier 5-year limit, well below any "deterministic health effect" or fatality risk. Rwendland (talk) 14:44, 16 December 2008 (UTC)

This some trade jargon?
From the article: "The facility will remain closed until the liquor can be pumped out and extensive repairs will have to be undertaken." Liquor?! 68.39.174.91 06:29, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, "an aqueous solution of a non-volatile substance" or "a solution, emulsion or suspension for industrial use". Simesa 21:33, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

 * This threw me off too. I'm going to change the ocurrences of 'liquor' to 'solution' for clarity's sake.

POV?
The lines:
 * "This is rather low considering the extreme negligence required to omit months of regular gauge checks and the sheer amount of radioactive material involved in the leak (160 kilograms of plutonium is enough to make 15-25 atomic bombs). As a worst-case possibility, the 2005 Sellafield incident could be compared to the 1957 nuclear disaster in the Soviet Union, where a chemical explosion at the Mayak fuel-processing plant sent similar amounts of radioactive material into the air,"

aren't supported by a cite and seem an unfair comparison. I'll look around for some cites before making a change. Simesa 21:33, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Seismic uncoupling/proper review source
The source for the text I added:
 * but these were later removed from the design for seismic uncoupling. However it appears this design change was not evaluated for fatigue, and it is inconceivable a proper review would have permitted this change.

is the board of enquiry report as reported in the "HOW A PIPE FAILED" section of the Nuclear Engineering International external link which says:

 * However, when the safety case for the basis of design was produced, the vessels were seismically uncoupled from their steel frame. To accommodate this change, it is clear from visual evidence, said the board of enquiry report, that restraint blocks were not fitted and that some steelwork had been modified to provide additional space between the vessels and the steel frame. It appears that the design intent was modified at some point after the original design, but before early commissioning. No evidence was found that the design was reviewed to consider fatigue following the modification. The board of enquiry found it ‘inconceivable’ that, had fatigue calculations been performed, it would have been thought acceptable to operate the vessels without lateral restraint.

So it is a POV, but from the most authoritative source! In fact my paraphrase reads less critical than the words used by the board of enquiry. -- Rwendland 00:01, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Good source, put it back in. Simesa 04:38, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Rewording required
The line: "Radiation levels in the building preclude entry of humans" is misleading, it implies the entire building is unsafe to enter but its just the cell containing the leak.

See Wikinews article:

"The large stainless steel chamber that now contains the spilled material is too dangerous to enter due to radioactivity, though it poses no danger to those inside or outside the plant."

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070928003307/http://www.hse.gov.uk/nuclear/llc/2005/sella2.htm to http://www.hse.gov.uk/nuclear/llc/2005/sella2.htm#incidents

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 07:58, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

Spirit Ethanol (talk) 08:05, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant


text: Clowder

title: Clowder


text:
Bavarian State Library

The Bavarian State Library (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, abbreviated BSB, called Bibliotheca Regia Monacensis before 1919) in Munich is the central "Landesbibliothek", i. e. the state library of the Free State of Bavaria, the biggest universal and research library in Germany and one of Europe's most important universal libraries. With its collections currently comprising around 10.89 million books (as of 2019), it ranks among the leading research libraries worldwide. The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek furthermore is Europe's second-largest journals library (after the British Library). Furthermore, its historical holdings encompass one of the most important manuscript collections of the world, the largest collection of incunabula worldwide, as well as numerous further important special collections. Its collection of historical prints before 1850 totals almost one million units.

The legal deposit law, still applicable today, has been in force since 1663 and requires that two copies of every printed work published in Bavaria have to be submitted to the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. The BSB publishes the specialist journal Bibliotheksforum Bayern and has been publishing the Bibliotheksmagazin together with the Berlin State Library since 2007. Its building is situated in the Ludwigstrasse.

Tasks

 * General and research library
 * Central state and repository library of the Free State of Bavaria
 * Collection of regional legal deposits and publications related to Bavaria
 * Part of Germany's virtual national library in cooperation with the German National Library and the Berlin State Library
 * Runs the Munich Digitization Center
 * Responsibility for special subject collections of the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)
 * Collaboration on the Corporate Body Authority File (Gemeinsame Körperschaftsdatei, GKD) and the Name Authority File (Personennamendatei, PND)

Use
In 2019, the library counted 78,600 active users and 1,173,000 loans. Its reading rooms are used by around 4,000 readers every day. In the general reading room, open daily from 8 AM to 12 AM, approximately 111,000 volumes, primarily reference works, are freely accessible. Additionally, every day approximately 1,500 volumes are retrieved from the repositories and made available for use there. In the periodicals reading room around 18,000 topical issues of current periodicals are available. The departments of manuscripts and early printed books, maps and images, music, as well as Eastern Europe, Orient and East Asia have their own reading rooms with open-access collections. In 2010, a new research reading room was opened, focusing on Historical Sciences and Bavarian History and Culture (Aventinus Reading Room).

Inventory

 * c. 33,921,166 media holding (including e-media)
 * c. 10.89 million books
 * c. 140,000 manuscripts: the catalogue is the work of librarian Johann Andreas Schmeller (1785–1852).
 * Latin (Codices latini monacenses – Clm), c. 17,000 items.
 * Mulomedicina Chironis (Clm 243), 4th century
 * Breviarium Alarici (Clm 22501), 6th century
 * Purple Evangeliary (Clm 23631), 9th century
 * Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram (Clm 14000), c. 870
 * Computistic ms. of St. Emmeram (Clm 14456), early 9th century
 * Prayerbook of Otto III, c. 1000 (Clm 30111)
 * Evangeliary of Otto III (Clm 4453), c. 1000
 * Pericopes of Henry II (Clm 4452)
 * Sacramentary of Henry II (Clm 4456)
 * Uta Codex (Clm 13601), c. 1025
 * Ruodlieb romance fragments (Clm 19486), c. 1050
 * Scheyerer Matutinalbuch (Clm 17401)
 * Carmina Burana (Clm 4660)
 * prayer book of Maximilian I of Bavaria (Clm 23640)
 * the "Munich Manual of Demonic Magic" (Clm 849)
 * German (Codices germanici monacenses – Cgm), c. 10,500 items
 * Manuscript A of the Nibelungenlied (Cgm 34); which was inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in 2009
 * Freising manuscripts
 * Wessobrunn Prayer (Clm 22053)
 * Muspilli (Clm 14098)
 * Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach (Cgm 19)
 * Tristan by Gottfried von Strassburg (Cgm 51)
 * the Liber illuministarum (ca. 1500), one of the largest European arts and crafts recipe books (Cgm 821)
 * Greek (Codices graeci – Cod.graec.), 645 items
 * Slavic (Codices slavici, Cod.slav.), c. 100 items
 * the "Munich Serbian Psalter", after 1370
 * Music manuscripts, c. 37,500 items
 * Illustrated manuscripts (Codices iconographici), c. 550 items
 * Fechtbuch of Paulus Hector Mair (Cod. icon. 393)
 * choir books by Orlando di Lasso (Mus. ms. A I+II)
 * Illuminated manuscripts from the Ottonian period produced in the monastery of Reichenau (Lake Constance), which were inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in 2003
 * 54,400 current periodicals (print and electronic; Europe's second largest holding)
 * 21,000 incunabula (the world's largest holding) of around 9,660 different incunabula, among them
 * a Gutenberg Bible
 * c. 2,509,000 digitized volumes

Areas of emphasis

 * History, general
 * Pre-history and early history
 * Byzantium
 * Classical studies, incl. ancient history Medieval—and new Latin philology
 * History of Germany, Austria and Switzerland
 * History of France and Italy
 * Romania
 * Romanian language and literature
 * Albanian language and literature
 * Eastern-, eastern central and south-eastern Europe (in detail: Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Kosovo
 * Modern-age Greece (including language and literature)
 * Musicology
 * Information science, book studies and library science

Directorate
Since 1 April 2015 Klaus Ceynowa is director general of the Bavarian State Library. The head office, the assistant to the directors, the office of corporate counsel, the information technology department and the public relations department are also part of the directorate.

Directors general:
 * 1882–1909 Georg von Laubmann
 * 1909–1929 Hans Schnorr von Carolsfeld
 * 1929–1935 Georg Reismüller
 * 1935–1945 Rudolf Buttmann
 * 1948–1966 Gustav Hofmann
 * 1967–1972 Hans Striedl
 * 1972–1992 Franz Georg Kaltwasser
 * 1992–2004 Hermann Leskien
 * 2004–2014 Rolf Griebel
 * 2015–        Klaus Ceynowa

Central Administration
The central administration is in charge of general administrative management; moreover, it acts as a service provider for all areas of the library. The department is responsible for the areas "budget", "human resources" and "internal services, construction".

Collection Development and Cataloguing
This department acquires all types of media (in the form or by way of presents, purchase, licensing, deposit copies and swapping items), and catalogues and indexes them both formally and according to subject. The Munich Digitisation Centre is a section of the department. It handles the digitisation and online publication of the cultural heritage preserved by the Bavarian State Library and by other institutions. It provides one of the largest and fastest growing digital collections in Germany. The department is also responsible for conservation and collection care. This division protects the media published from the year 1850 onward against damage and decay. It secures their long-term availability.

User Services
The user services department acts as an agent of the collections and services of the library. The department consists of the divisions of document provision, document administration, document delivery and information- and reading-room services.

Manuscripts and Early Printed Books
The department of manuscripts and early printed books is responsible for the most valuable historical collections of the library. The worldwide renown of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek is founded on this precious heritage. The department has a separate reading room that is specially equipped for working with old books.

Map Collection and Image Archive
This department administrates printed maps from the year 1500 up to the present, atlases, cartographic material and the image archive of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. The image archive also includes parts of the archives of Heinrich Hoffmann, Bernhard Johannes and Felicitas Timpe. The Map Collection and Image Archive also have – together with the department of music – their own reading room.

Department of Music
The Department of Music ranks among the world's leading music libraries, due to both the quantity and quality of its historical collections and its broad acquisition profile. Its beginnings date back to the 16th century. The area of collection emphasis "musicology" of the German Research Foundation is overseen by this department. A special reading room for music, maps and images is provided for the library users.

Oriental and East Asia Department
The oriental collections of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek comprise 260,000 volumes in Arabic, Armenian, Georgian, Hebrew, Yiddish, Mongolian, Persian, Tibetan and Indian languages. The East-Asian collections comprise more than 310,000 volumes in the Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai and Vietnamese languages. Users can avail themselves of the open-access collections in the east reading room occupied together with the department of Eastern Europe.

Department of Eastern Europe (Osteuropaabteilung)
The department of Eastern Europe is the largest special department of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, holding around one million books about and from Eastern Europe, from early modern times up to the 21st century. In addition to the eastern European area, it also addresses eastern central and south-eastern Europe as well as the Asian part of Russia. The open-access collection of the department is accommodated in the library's east reading room.

Departments in Charge of Predominantly Regional-Level Tasks
The departments in charge of tasks predominantly allocated to a regional level are the Bayerische Bibliotheksschule (Bavarian School of Library and Information Science), the Landesfachstelle für das öffentliche Bibliothekswesen (Consulting Centre for Public Libraries) as well as the head office of the Bavarian Library Network (Bibliotheksverbund Bayern).

State-Funded Bavarian Regional Libraries
The Bavarian regional state-funded libraries form part of Bavaria's academic library system. They are subordinated to the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in the organisation structure. Among these libraries are the state libraries of Amberg, Ansbach, Neuburg an der Donau, Passau and Regensburg, the Studienbibliothek Dillingen, the Landesbibliothek Coburg, the Bamberg State Library (Staatsbibliothek Bamberg) as well as the Hofbibliothek Aschaffenburg.

History
The library was founded in 1558 as the court library of Duke Albrecht V, and was originally located in the vaulted chamber of the Alter Hof (old court) of the Munich residence. Initially, two book collections were acquired: on the one hand the personal papers of the Austrian jurist, orientalist and imperial chancellor Johann Albrecht Widmannstetter, consisting of oriental manuscripts and prints, editions of classic authors and works from the areas of theology, philosophy und jurisprudence, and on the other hand the collection of the Augsburg patrician Johann Jakob Fugger, which was acquired in 1571. Fugger had commissioned agents to collect volumes of manuscripts and printed works in Italy, Spain and the Netherlands. In the end the works collected in this way amounted to more than 10,000 volumes. At the same time, he had had manuscripts copied in Venice.

Apart from this, in 1552 Fugger had purchased the collection of manuscripts and incunabula of the physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, representing one of the richest humanistic private libraries north of the Alps. The Fugger collection was first administrated and organised by the physician Samuel Quichelberg from Antwerp. He had adopted the shelving system of the Augsburg court library. Later the collection was administered by the librarian Wolfgang Prommer, who had catalogued the collection both alphabetically and according to keywords. Aegidius Oertel from Nuremberg became the first librarian in 1561. The main users of the library were the Jesuits, who had been invited to Munich in 1559.

William V continued the collection, making further purchases: In 1600 the collection comprised 17,000 volumes.
 * Spanish prints from the personal papers of the Tyrolean knight Anselm Stöckel (1583)
 * The collection of the Augsburg councillor Johann Heinrich Herwarth von Hohenberg comprising numerous music prints (1585)
 * Humanistic library of the canon of Augsburg and Eichstätt Johann Georg von Werdenstein (1592)

The secularization of Bavaria and the transfer of the court library of the Electorate of the Palatinate around the year 1803 added approximately 550,000 volumes and 18,600 manuscripts to the library's holdings.

In 1827 Friedrich von Gärtner was commissioned to plan a representative building for the court- and state library. The original plan was to erect the building at Ludwigstrasse 1. In 1828 the plot opposite the Glyptothek on Königsplatz was chosen as location, but later in the same year the planners switched back again to Ludwigstrasse. The blueprints were completed in 1831. For lack of funds the laying of the foundation stone had to be postponed to 8 July 1832. The construction work on the building planned by Gärtner was concluded in 1843.

In 1919 the library received the name that it still bears today: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek.

During the Second World War more than 500,000 volumes were lost, although the collections were partly evacuated from the building. Some of the books were for example stored in the palace chapel of Schloss Haimhausen. Of the building itself 85% was destroyed. The reconstruction of the library building and the reintegration of evacuated holdings started in 1946. The books were destroyed on two occasions; the first time 400,000 items were lost including 140,000 theses, and the second time 100,000 unspecified items. Of the books that have been lost (about 380,000), a third or 118,800 have been recovered or repurchased to the present (2020).

From 1953 to 1966 the professors Hans Döllgast und Sep Ruf had to plan and realize the reconstruction of the eastern wing, a new area behind historic walls, and the extension building of the Bavarian State Library, a glass-steel frame construction for the bibliotheca. They made an available surface of 17.000 m2 and a cubature of 84.000 m3. 1967 a jury with Hans Scharoun gave the price of the BDA Bayern to the extension building. The inauguration of the restored south wing of the building in 1970 marked the conclusion of the reconstruction work on the building.

The Speicherbibliothek Garching (book repository) was inaugurated in 1988.

The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek has also initiated large-scale internet projects. In 1997 the Munich Digitization Center took up work and the BSB started developing its web portals, including its own web site. The card catalogue 1841–1952 and the catalogue of incunabula 1450–1500 were converted, thus making the complete holdings of printed materials of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek available online. The service "Digitisation on Demand", offered by a network of several European libraries, makes millions of books published between 1500 and 1900 available in digital form.

On 7 March 2007 Director General Rolf Griebel announced that Google Book Search will take over the digitisation of the copyright-free holdings of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. In 2008, the year of its 450th anniversary, the Deutscher Bibliotheksverband (German Library Association) awarded the title of Bibliothek des Jahres (Library of the year) to the BSB.

In 2012 an Italian scholar discovered among Johann Jakob Fugger's manuscripts in the library an 11th-century Greek codex containing 29 ancient homilies, previously unpublished, by the theologian Origen of Alexandria.

Restitution
Since 2003 the Bavarian State Library has gone to great efforts to restitute illegally-acquired library material. The most recent example is the restitution of the so-called Plock Pontifical to Poland in April 2015. It had been stolen by the Nazis from the Plock Bishopric in 1940 and was taken to Königsberg University. The Bavarian State Library bought the manuscript in 1973 for 6,200 DM at an auction in Munich. In the past years, the library has searched through those segments of its collections that are in question for illegitimate purchases. All in all, over 60,000 books have been meticulously checked so far. The library has identified around 500 books whose acquisition is to be regarded as unlawful. Subsequently, to these findings, several restitutions have taken place, amongst others the Bavarian State Library returned 78 volumes originating from Thomas Mann's research library to the Thomas Mann Archive in Zürich in 2007. Further restitutions are in preparation, for example 252 books from the former publishing house Geca Kon.

title: Bavarian State Library


text:
Nicolaus of Damascus

Nicolaus of Damascus (Greek: Νικόλαος Δαμασκηνός, Nikolāos Damaskēnos; Latin: Nicolaus Damascenus; c. 64 BC – after 4 AD), was a Greek historian, diplomat and philosopher who lived during the Augustan age of the Roman Empire. His name is derived from that of his birthplace, Damascus. His output was vast, but is nearly all lost. His chief work was a universal history in 144 books. There exist considerable remains of two works of his old age; a life of Augustus, and an autobiography. He also wrote a life of Herod, some philosophical works, and some tragedies and comedies.

There is an article on him in the Suda.

Life
He was born around 64 BC. Nicolaus is known to have had a brother named Ptolemy, who served in the court of Herod as a type of book-keeper or accountant.

He was an intimate friend of Herod the Great, who died a number of years before him. He was also the tutor of the children of Mark Antony and Cleopatra (born in c. 68 BC), according to Sophronius. He went to Rome with Herod Archelaus, to defend the young man's claim to the throne upon the death of his father Herod the Great.

The question whether Nicolaus was a Jew or a Greek has been much debated in scholarship. If he had non-Greek roots, he must have been at least thoroughly hellenised. Later ancient sources refer to him as "the Peripatetic". Since Nicolaus wrote a work On the Psyche, he may well have been, like Philo, in the school of the Pythagoreans or Platonists and been part of the syncretisation of Judaic monotheism with the monotheism (the Monad/The Good) of those two schools.

Universal History
Towards the end of his life he composed a Universal History in 144 books, although the Suda mentions only 80 books. But references to books 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, (8), 96, 103, 104, 107, 108, 110, 114, 123 and 124 are known.

Extensive fragments of the first seven books are preserved in quotation in the Constantinian Excerpts, compiled at the order of Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. These cover the history of the Assyrians, Medes, Greeks, Lydians, and Persians, and are important also for Biblical history.

The Jewish historian Josephus probably used this work for his history of Herod in his Antiquities of the Jews (Ant. 15–17) because where Nicolaus stops, in the reign of Herod Archelaus, the account of Josephus suddenly becomes more cursory. Josephus also references Nicolaus' history on Abram and in book 7 of Antiquities of the Jews on the Jewish King David.

For portions dealing with Greek myth and oriental history he was dependent on other, now lost works, of variable quality. Where he relied on Ctesias, the value of his work is slim. Robert Drews has written:

 * Classical scholars are agreed that Nicolaus's history of the East, and especially his story of Cyrus, was taken from Ctesias's Persica, a work written early in the fourth century B.C. This work has with justification been denounced by both Assyriologists and classicists as a totally unreliable guide to Mesopotamian history.

Life of Augustus
He wrote a Life of Augustus (Bios Kaisaros), which seems to have been completed before the death of the emperor in AD 14. The time-span treated is uncertain. Two long excerpts remain, the first concerning Octavius' youth, the second Caesar's assassination; both survive because they are quoted in the Constantinian Excerpts, a Greek anthology of excerpts commissioned under Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus.

Autobiography
He also wrote an autobiography, the date of which is uncertain but which must have been written at an old age. It mentions that he wanted to retire, in 4 BC, but was persuaded to travel with Herod Archelaus to Rome.

The fragments that remain deal mainly with Jewish history, focusing on the events at the court of Herod the Great and the succession crisis involving Herod's sons and sister.

Compendium on Aristotle
He composed commentaries on Aristotle. A compendium of excerpts from these is extant in a Syriac manuscript discovered in Cambridge in 1901, (shelfmark Gg. 2. 14). This dates later than 1400, was acquired by Cambridge in 1632, and is very tatty and disarranged. The majority of the manuscript is a work by Dionysius Bar Salibi. The work was probably written in Rome ca. AD 1, when he attracted criticism for being too involved in philosophy to court the wealthy and powerful.

On the Psyche
Porphyrius in On the Faculties of the Soul mentions that Nicolaus of Damascus wrote a book On the Psyche, which stated that the division of the psyche-soul was not founded on quantity, but on quality, like the division of an art or a science. Clearly, by ‘parts’ of the psyche-soul, Nicolaus meant its different faculties.

On Plants
An Arabic translation of his work De Plantis, once attributed to Aristotle, was discovered in Istanbul in 1923. It also exists in a Syriac manuscript at Cambridge.

Other works
In his younger years, he composed some tragedies and comedies, which are now lost. In his later life, he also wrote an ethnographical work on barbaric peoples and their customs.

The Embassy of an Indian King to Augustus
One of the most famous passages is his account of an embassy sent by an Indian king "named Pandion (Pandyan kingdom) or, according to others, Porus" to Augustus in the winter of 20/19 BC. He met with the embassy at Antioch. The embassy was bearing a diplomatic letter in Greek, and one of its members was a sramana who burnt himself alive in Athens to demonstrate his faith. The event made a sensation and was quoted by Strabo and Dio Cassius. A tomb was made to the sramana, still visible in the time of Plutarch, which bore the mention "ΖΑΡΜΑΝΟΧΗΓΑΣ ΙΝΔΟΣ ΑΠΟ ΒΑΡΓΟΣΗΣ" (Zarmanochēgas indos apo Bargosēs – Zarmanochegas, Indian from Bargosa).

 * To these accounts may be added that of Nicolaus Damascenus. This writer states that at Antioch, near Daphne, he met with ambassadors from the Indians, who were sent to Augustus Caesar. It appeared from the letter that several persons were mentioned in it, but three only survived, whom he says he saw. The rest had died chiefly in consequence of the length of the journey. The letter was written in Greek upon a skin; the import of it was, that Porus was the writer, that although he was sovereign of six hundred kings, yet that he highly esteemed the friendship of Cæsar; that he was willing to allow him a passage through his country, in whatever part he pleased, and to assist him in any undertaking that was just. Eight naked servants, with girdles round their waists, and fragrant with perfumes, presented the gifts which were brought. The presents were a Hermes (i. e. a man) born without arms, whom I have seen, large snakes, a serpent ten cubits in length, a river tortoise of three cubits in length, and a partridge larger than a vulture. They were accompanied by the person, it is said, who burnt himself to death at Athens. This is the practice with persons in distress, who seek escape from existing calamities, and with others in prosperous circumstances, as was the case with this man. For as everything hitherto had succeeded with him, he thought it necessary to depart, lest some unexpected calamity should happen to him by continuing to live; with a smile, therefore, naked, anointed, and with the girdle round his waist, he leaped upon the pyre. On his tomb was this inscription:

 * ZARMANOCHEGAS, AN INDIAN, A NATIVE OF BARGOSA, HAVING IMMORTALIZED HIMSELF ACCORDING TO THE CUSTOM OF HIS COUNTRY, HERE LIES.

title: Nicolaus of Damascus


text:
Talk:Great Salem fire of 1914

Figures adjusted for inflation
I have used the Bureau of Labor Statistics Inflaction Calculator to get some rough figures for illustration purposes. I am aware that inflation statistics are black voodoo magic. Rl 12:58, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Alas, in practice the adjustment for a particular later year meant losing the actual figures. If one must choose between adjusted and actual figures, better to stick to the actual ones.  This problem appeared in the article for the 1835 fire of New York, in which a late 19th century article was quoted as correcting for "today's money" which of course has little to do with today's money.  Adjusted figures are optional; real figures are what is mandatory.  Oh, and are there any Wentworth dates?  Jim.henderson 19:25, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Wentworth
What info is needed on Alderman Wentworth or the fire? The city fathers never saw the likelyhood of a major conflagration starting in the factory districts. The city's large wooden buildings burnt with great frequency. I may have the needed information in my files of Salem Evening News articles on the Salem FD. Nelson Dionne, Salem MA

 * There is no discussion of timing. Did the arguments, out of town firehouse visits etc take place days before the fire?  Months?  Decades?

"Folklore" section
User:IWPCHI suggested in an edit tag that the entire "Folklore" section be deleted: "I would have preferred to have removed the entire "folklore" section due to its naked absurdity; but a previous editor has provided a "source" for the nonsense, so I merely re-characterized it properly. If you can find even one citizen of Salem who would publicly admit to believing any of this crap I'd be astounded. Salem is full of con artists retailing "old" witch tales they embellish or make up from whole cloth for sale to gullible tourists." I think this is completely right: this is not a commonly held belief and it was not discussed (at least in print) at the time of the fire. It would be a big change to this article to delete it outright, so I want to raise it here to get a consensus on it, but I urge us to delete it. Remes (talk) 16:38, 29 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Thanks Remes! Tried to figure out how to contact you to thank you for your kind words but I don't have the time to spend a day figuring out Wikipedia's labyrinthine communications protocols. I don't understand why there would be a "folklore" section in *any* historical article. Perhaps those kinds of items should be put on a "Salem Folklore" page of their own? But I suppose that so long as the body of the article makes it abundantly clear that the "folk tales" belong in the realm of "cloud-cuckoo-land" they could stay. If your hoped-for initiation of discussion of the issue doesn't bear fruit in the next few weeks, perhaps we could delete the "folklore" section to provoke the defenders of it into coming out of the Wikipedian woodwork to justify its inclusion? IWPCHI (talk) 11:13, 30 December 2020 (UTC)IWPCHI

 * Okay. It's been two weeks since I posted this, and I see no objections. I'm going to delete the entire "Folklore" section for the reasons I stated above. Remes (talk) 20:05, 13 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Great Salem fire of 1914