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Kediri Kingdom

Kediri Kingdom (also known as Pañjalu, ꦥꦚ꧀ꦗꦭꦸ (Gégélang, ꦒꦺꦒꦺꦭꦁ in 1292-1293)) was a Hindu-Buddhist Javanese kingdom based in East Java from 1042 until 1222 (1292–1293 under Jayakatwang). This kingdom is centered in the ancient city Dahanapura, despite the lack of archaeological remains, the age of Kediri saw much development in classical literature. Mpu Sedah's Kakawin Bharatayuddha, Mpu Panuluh's Gatotkacasraya, and Mpu Dharmaja's Smaradhana blossomed in this era. The kingdom's capital is believed to have been established in the western part of the Brantas River valley, somewhere near modern Kediri city and surrounding Kediri Regency.

Etymology and names
The city of Daha existed before the founding of the kingdom. Daha is an abbreviation of Dahanapura, which means city of fire. This name is listed in the Pamwatan inscription issued by Airlangga in 1042. This is following the news in Serat Calon Arang, that at the end of Airlangga's reign, the center of the kingdom was no longer in Kahuripan, but has moved to Dahanapura and calls Airlangga the king of Daha.

Panjalu
The kingdom was also known as Panjalu the correct reading is Pangjalu as the twin kingdom with Janggala. During the reign of Jayakatwang that revived the short-lived second dynasty of Kadiri, the kingdom is also known as Gelang-gelang or Gegelang. Other than Kadiri, the kingdom was also often referred to as Daha or Dahanapura, after its capital. The name "Daha" was used in the later Majapahit period, as the seat of the rival court of Trowulan.

In the beginning, the name Pañjalu was used more often than the name Kediri. This can be found in the inscriptions published by the kings of Panjalu. The name Panjalu is also known as Pu-chia-lung in the Chinese chronicle entitled Ling wai tai ta (1178).

Three types of land were used by the community in the past when building settlements and other things. The first is called Anupa, and it is land that has fertile soil, is close to springs, and allows various kinds of seeds to grow well if planted there. The second is called Sadarana, and it is land that in some areas is fertile and in others less fertile. The third is called Janggala, and it is infertile land or wilderness.

The word Pangjalu comes from the word Jalu which means male (Indonesian jantan) and the prefix Pang (Indonesian pe-, thus Indonesian pejantan, or one who is male), and in this regional context means a fertile and independent area. The term Kadiri is a synonym of the word Pangjalu, and it also means independent.

Kadiri
The name "Kadiri" or "Kediri" also comes from the Sanskrit word Khadri which means India Mulberry (Morinda citrifolia), locally known as pacé or mengkudu tree. The bark of morinda produces a brownish-purplish dye for batik-making, while its fruit has medicinal values. A similar named city is also known, Kadiri in Andhra Pradesh, India. The origin of the word that is considered more appropriate is derived from the word "kadiri" in the Old Javanese language which means being able to stand alone, be independent, stand tall, have personality, or be self-sufficient.

Founding of Kediri
The Kingdom of Kediri is the successor of Airlangga's Kahuripan kingdom and is thought of as the continuation of the Isyana Dynasty in Java. In 1042, Airlangga divided his kingdom of Kahuripan into two, Janggala and Panjalu (Kadiri), and abdicated in favour of his sons to live as an ascetic. He died seven years later.

Reigns of Kediri kings
The first king of Kediri to leave historical records was Maharaja Çri Samaravijaya (1042–1051). His royal seal was Garudmukhalancana or Garudmukha, the same as Airlangga's. He was succeeded by Çri Jyitêndrakara Parakrama Bhakta (1051–1112).

It is not known exactly when Çri Bamesvara ascended the throne of the Kediri Kingdom. The Lanchana (royal seal) of his reign was a skull with a crescent moon called chandrakapala, the symbol of Shiva. During the reign of Maharaja Çri Bamesvara himself, there were at least ten inscriptions containing the development of eastern Java, written between 1112 and 1135.

Jayabhaya (1135–1157) succeeded Bamesvara. His formal stylised name was Çri Maharaja çri Dharmmeçwara Madhusudanawataranindita Suhrtsingha Parakrama Digjayottunggadewa. The Lanchana of his reign Narasinghavatara depicts one of the avatars of Lord Vishnu, namely Narasinghavatara. His form is described as a human with a lion's head tearing the stomach of Hiranyakasipu (King of the Giants). The name is Jayabhaya was immortalised in Sedah's Kakawin Bharatayuddha, a Javanese version of the Mahabharata, written in 1135. This Kakawin was perfected by his brother, Mpu Panuluh. Mpu Panuluh wrote Hariwangsa and Gatotkacasraya. Jayabhaya's reign was considered the golden age of Old Javanese literature. The Prelambang Joyoboyo, a prophetic book ascribed to Jayabhaya, is well known among Javanese. It predicts that the archipelago would be ruled by a white race for a long time, then a yellow race for a short time, be glorious again. The Jayabhaya prophecies mention Ratu Adil, the Just Prince, a recurring popular figure in Javanese folklore. During the reign, Ternate was a vassal state of Kediri.

Jayabhaya's successor was Çri Sarwweçwara/Sarvesvara (1159–1171) the royal symbol is named Sarwwecwaralancana, wing-shaped numbering nine and at the end, there is a crested circle. Where everything is surrounded by three striped circles.

followed by Çri Aryyeçwara/Aryesvara (1171–1181), who used Ganesha the elephant-headed god as Lanchana of his kingdom. and became the (royal seal) of his reign and the Kingdom of Kadiri as stated in the inscription.

The next monarch was King Gandra his formal stylised name was Çri maharaja çri Kroncarryadipa Handabhuwanapalaka Parakramanindita Digjayottunggadewanama çri Gandra. An inscription (dated 1181) from his reign documents the beginning of the adoption of animal names for important officials, such as Kbo Salawah, Menjangan Puguh, Lembu Agra, Gajah Kuning, and Macan Putih. Among these highly ranked officials mentioned in the inscription, there is a title Senapati Sarwwajala, or laksmana, a title reserved for navy generals, which means that Kediri had a navy during his reign.

The eighth king was Kameçvara (Kameshwara). His formal stylised name was Çri Maharaja Rake Sirikan çri Kameçvara Sakalabhuwanatustikarana Sarwaniwaryyawiryya Parakrama Digjayottunggadewa. He uses the (winged shell) as his royal seal under the name Kamecwaralancana. During his reign, Mpu Dharmaja wrote Smaradhana, in which the king was adored as the incarnation of Kamajaya, the god of love, and his capital city Dahana was admired throughout the known world. Kameçvara's wife, Çri Kirana, was celebrated as the incarnation of Kamaratih, the goddess of love and passion. The tales of this story, known as the Panji cycle, spread throughout Southeast Asia as far as Siam.

The last king of Kediri was Kritajaya/Kertajaya (1194–1222), King Çrngga or Kritajaya ruled Kediri, with the official name Çri maharaja çri Sarwweçwara Triwikramawataranindita Çrngga lancana Digwijayottunggadewa. He used a Crnggalancana picture of (Cangkha) flanked by two horns and continued with the words "Krtajaya" above. The presence of dominant horns makes this badge called Crnggalancana or horned badge. In 1222, he was forced to surrender his throne to Ken Arok and so lost the sovereignty of his kingdom to the new kingdom of Singhasari. This was the result of his defeat at the battle of Ganter. This event marked the end of the Kediri era, and the beginning of the Singhasari era.

Relations with regional powers
The Kediri kingdom existed alongside the Srivijaya empire based in Sumatra throughout the 11th to 12th century and seems to have maintained trade relations with China and to some extent India. Chinese accounts identify this kingdom as Tsao-wa or Chao-wa (Java). The number of Chinese records signifies that Chinese explorers and traders frequented this kingdom. Relations with India were cultural, as several Javanese rakawi (poets or scholars) wrote literature that was inspired by Hindu mythology, beliefs, and epics such as Mahabharata and Ramayana.

In the 11th century, Srivijayan hegemony in the Indonesian archipelago began to decline, marked by Rajendra Chola's invasion of the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. The Chola king of Coromandel conquered Kedah from Srivijaya. The weakening of Srivijayan hegemony has enabled the formation of regional kingdoms, like Kediri, based on agriculture rather than trade. Later Kediri managed to control the spice trade routes to Maluku.

According to a Chinese source in the book of Chu-fan-chi written around 1225, Chou Ju-kua described that in the Southeast Asian archipelago, there were two powerful and rich kingdoms: Srivijaya and Java (Kediri). In Java, he found that people adhere to two religions: Buddhism and the religion of Brahmin (Hinduism). The people of Java were brave and short tempered, daring to put up a fight. Their favourite pastimes were cockfighting and pigfighting. The currency was made from a short-tempered mixture of copper, silver, and tin.

The book of Chu-fan-chi mentioned that Java (Kediri) was ruled by a maharaja, who ruled several colonies: Pai-hua-yuan (Pacitan), Ma-tung (Medang), Ta-pen (Tumapel, now Malang), Hi-ning (Dieng), Jung-ya-lu (Hujung Galuh, now Surabaya), Tung-ki (Jenggi, West Papua), Ta-kang (Sumba), Huang-ma-chu (Southwest Papua), Ma-li (Bali), Kulun (Gurun, identified as Gorong or Sorong in West Papua or an island in Nusa Tenggara), Tan-jung-wu-lo (Tanjungpura in Borneo), Ti-wu (Timor), Pingya-i (Banggai in Sulawesi), and Wu-nu-ku (Maluku).

Regarding Sanfoqi (Srivijaya), Chou-Ju-Kua reported that Kien-pi (Kampe, in northern Sumatra) with armed forced rebellion had liberated themselves from Srivijaya, and crowned their king. The same fate befell some of Srivijaya's colonies on the Malay Peninsula that liberated themselves from Srivijaya domination. However, Srivijaya was still the mightiest and wealthiest state in the western part of the archipelago. Srivijaya's colonies were: Pong-fong (Pahang), Tong-ya-nong (Trengganu), Ling-ya-ssi-kia (Langkasuka), Kilan-tan (Kelantan), Fo-lo-an, Ji-lo-t'ing (Jelutong), Ts'ien-mai (?), Pa-t'a (Paka), Tan-ma-ling (Tambralinga, Ligor or Nakhon Si Thammarat), Kia-lo-hi (Grahi, northern part of Malay peninsula), Pa-lin-fong (Palembang), Sin-t'o (Sunda), Lan-wu-li (Lamuri at Aceh), and Si-lan. According to this source, in the early 13th century Srivijaya still ruled Sumatra, the Malay peninsula, and western Java (Sunda).

Regarding Sunda, the book details that the port of Sunda (Sunda Kelapa) was excellent and strategically located and that the pepper from Sunda was among the best quality. The people worked in agriculture; their houses were built on wooden piles (rumah panggung). However, the country was infested with robbers and thieves.

Culture
Celebrated as an era of blossoming literature, Kediri produced significant contributions in the field of Javanese classic literature. Next to the literary works already mentioned, Śiwarātrikalpa and Wrtasancaya by Mpu Tanakung, Krisnayana written by Mpu Triguna, and Sumanasantaka by Mpu Monaguṇa are also notable.

The book of Ling-wai-tai-ta composed by Chinese author Chou K'u-fei in 1178, gave a glimpse of everyday life in Kediri that cannot be found in any other source material, about the government and people of Kediri. According to Chou K'u-fei, people wore clothes that covered them down to their legs, with a loose hairstyle. Their houses were clean and well arranged with floors made from green or yellow cut stones. Agriculture, animal farming, and trading flourished and gained the full attention of the government. He reported that silkworm farms to produce silk and cotton clothes had been adopted by the Javanese by that time. There was no physical punishment (jail or torture) of criminals. Instead, the people who committed unlawful acts were forced to pay fines in gold, except for thieves and robbers who were executed. In marital customs, the bride's family receives some amount of bride price from the groom's family. Instead of developing medical treatment, the Kediri people relied on prayers for Buddha.

On the 5th month of the year, a water festival was celebrated with people travelling in boats along the river to celebrate. In the 10th month, another festival was held in the mountains. People would gather there to have fun and perform music with instruments such as flutes, drums, and wooden xylophones (an ancient form of gamelan).

The King wore silk garments, leather shoes, and ornate golden jewellery. He wore his hair up high on his head. Every day, he would receive state officials, and managers of his kingdom, on a square throne. After an audience, the state official would bow three times to the king. If the king travelled outside the palace, he rode an elephant and was accompanied by 500–700 soldiers and officials while his subjects, the people of Kediri, prostrated themselves as the king passed.

Economy
According to Chinese sources, the main occupations of the Kediri people revolved around agriculture (rice cultivation), animal farming (cattle, boar, poultry), and the spice trade. Daha, the capital city of Kediri, (suggested to be at the same site as modern Kediri) is located inland, near the fertile Brantas river valley. From the predecessor kingdom of Airlangga's Kahuripan, Kediri inherited irrigation systems, including the Wringin Sapta dam. Kediri economy was partly monetised, with silver coins issued by the royal court.

In later periods, Kediri economy grew to rely more heavily on trade, especially the spice trade. This resulted from Kediri's development of a navy, allowing them to control the spice trade routes to eastern islands. Kediri collected spices from tributaries in southern Kalimantan and the Maluku Islands. Indians and Southeast Asians then transported the spices to Mediterranean and Chinese markets by way of the Spice Route which linked a chain of ports from the Indian Ocean to southern China.

Fall
The kingdom of Kediri collapsed during the reign of Kertajaya, and is told in Pararaton and Nagarakretagama. In 1222 Kertajaya was fighting against the brahmins. Then the Brahmins asked for protection from Ken Arok akuwu of Tumapel. Incidentally, Ken Arok also aspires to liberate Tumapel which is Kadiri's subordinate area. The climax of the battle between Kadiri and Tumapel occurred near the village of Ganter (Genter), in the eastern region of Kediri. Ken Arok's troops managed to destroy Kertajaya's troops. Thus, the era of the Kediri Kingdom ended, which from then on became the vassal of Tumapel or Singhasari. After Ken Arok defeated Kertajaya, Kediri became an area under the rule of Singhasari. Ken Arok appointed Jayasabha, son of Kertajaya, as regent of Kediri. In 1258 the waning Jayasabha named Sastrajaya. In 1271 Sastrajaya faded into, namely Jayakatwang.

Jayakatwang Rebellion
In 1292, Jayakatwang rebelled against Singhasari led by Kertanegara, because of past grudges where his ancestor Kertajaya was defeated by Ken Arok. After successfully killing Kertanegara, Jayakatwang rebuilt the kingdom of Kediri but lasted only one year due to a combined attack launched by Yuan dynasty troops and Raden Wijaya troops who later founded Majapahit.

Sudarma Wisuta

According to Jiyu and Petak inscriptions, during the end of the Majapahit era in the 15th century, there was a brief resurrection of Daha (Kediri) as the centre of political power, which was led by Girindrawardhana in 1478 after he managed to defeat Kertabhumi. But it was short lived since descendant of Bhre Kertabhumi who became ruler of Demak crushed Daha in 1527.

General

 * Soekmono, R, Drs., Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988

title: Kediri Kingdom


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2005 California special election

The California special election of 2005 was held on November 8, 2005 after being called by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on June 13, 2005.

Summary
The California special election of 2005 was held on November 8, 2005 after being called by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on June 13, 2005. California voters rejected all eight ballot propositions. Propositions 73, 76, and 77 were initiative constitutional amendments while the others were initiative statutes. The election was believed to have been the most expensive in California history. Lobby groups spent hundreds of millions of dollars on gathering signatures and advertising for this election.

Schwarzenegger called the election to allow voters to decide on propositions regarding teacher tenure requirements (Proposition 74), the use of union dues for political campaign contributions (Proposition 75), state budgetary spending limits (Proposition 76), and redistricting (Proposition 77). Schwarzenegger originally proposed a fifth proposition on the issue of public pension, but dropped that proposition amid criticism that the proposition would eliminate death benefits to widows of police and firefighters who died in the line of duty The four propositions that made it to the ballot eventually came to be known as Governor Schwarzenegger's reform agenda. The governor claimed his agenda would clear the way for correction of the problems he was elected to solve.

An alliance of public sector unions expended $24 million campaigning against Schwarzenegger's fiscal reform, with the California Teachers Association expending an additional $56 million and going so far as to mortgage its Sacramento headquarters to fund more campaign spending. Schwarzenegger likewise spent nearly $8 million of his own fortune campaigning. The tenor was highly divisive, with Schwarzenegger calling his opponents “stooges” and at one point Warren Beatty leading a bus full of public employees to follow the governor and shout down his events.

All Governor Schwarzenegger’s other fiscal reform agenda initiatives were defeated by wide margins. It had been the most expensive election in California history. As the results came out in Sacramento a public union boss waived a broom over his head while state employees chanted “sweep, sweep, sweep”. SEIU's use of compulsory fees on nonmembers to fund its campaign was later found illegal by the U.S. Supreme Court in Knox v. Service Employees International Union, Local 1000.

Four other propositions appeared on the ballot because they qualified for the next statewide elections. The four other propositions were:
 * Proposition 73: Parental notification for abortions by minors
 * Proposition 78: A proposition on prescription drugs put by the pharmaceutical industry
 * Proposition 79: A proposition on prescription drugs put by consumer groups in response to Proposition 78
 * Proposition 80: Electric industry regulation

Summary
Amends California Constitution to bar abortion on unemancipated minor until 48 hours after physician notifies minor's parent/legal guardian, except in medical emergency or with parental waiver. Permits judicial waiver of notice based on clear and convincing evidence of minor's maturity or minor's best interests. Physician must report abortions performed on minors and State shall compile statistics. Authorizes monetary damages for violation. Minor must consent to abortion unless mentally incapable or in medical emergency. Permits judicial relief if minor's consent to abortion is coerced.

Summary
Increases length of time required before a teacher may become a permanent employee from two complete consecutive school years to five complete consecutive school years; measure applies to teachers whose probationary period commenced during or after the 2003-2004 fiscal year. Authorizes school boards to dismiss a permanent teaching employee who receives two consecutive unsatisfactory performance evaluations.

Summary
Prohibits public employee labor organizations from using dues or fees for political contributions unless the employee provides prior consent each year on a specified written form. Prohibition does not apply to dues or fees collected for charitable organizations, health care insurance, or other purposes directly benefiting the public employee. Requires labor organizations to maintain and submit to the California Fair Political Practices Commission records concerning individual employees' and organizations' political contributions; those records are not subject to public disclosure.

Summary
Changes state minimum school funding requirements (Proposition 98), permitting suspension of minimum funding, but terminating repayment requirement, and eliminating authority to reduce funding when state revenues decrease. Excludes above-minimum appropriations from schools' funding base. Limits state spending to prior year total plus revenue growth. Shifts excess revenues from schools/tax relief to budget reserve, specified construction, debt repayment. Requires Governor to reduce state appropriations, under specified circumstances, including employee compensation, state contracts. Continues prior year appropriations if new state budget delayed. Prohibits state special funds borrowing. Requires payment of local government mandates.

Summary
Amends state Constitution’s process for redistricting California’s Senate, Assembly, Congressional and Board of Equalization districts. Requires three-member panel of retired judges, selected by legislative leaders, to adopt new redistricting plan if measure passes and again after each national census. Panel must consider legislative, public proposals/comments and hold public hearings. Redistricting plan becomes effective immediately when adopted by judges’ panel and filed with Secretary of State. If voters subsequently reject redistricting plan, process repeats. Specifies time for judicial review of adopted redistricting plan; if plan fails to conform to requirements, court may order new plan.

Summary
Establishes discount prescription drug program, overseen by the Department of Health Services. Enables certain low - and moderate - income California residents to purchase prescription drugs at reduced prices. Imposes $15 application fee, renewable annually. Requires Department's prompt determination of residents' eligibility, based on listed qualifications. Authorizes Department to contract with pharmacies to sell prescription drugs at agreed-upon discounts negotiated in advance, and to negotiate rebate agreements with drug manufacturers. Permits outreach programs to increase public awareness. Creates state fund for deposit of rebate payments from drug manufacturers. Allows program to be terminated under specified conditions.

Summary
Provides for prescription drug discounts to Californians who qualify based on income-related standards, to be funded through rebates from participating drug manufacturers negotiated by California Department of Health Services. Rebates must be deposited in State Treasury fund, used only to reimburse pharmacies for discounts and to offset administration costs. At least 95% of rebates must go to fund discounts. Prohibits new Medi-Cal contracts with manufacturers not providing the Medicaid best price to this program, except for drugs without therapeutic equivalent. Establishes oversight board. Makes prescription drug profiteering, as defined, unlawful.

Summary
Subjects electric service providers, as defined, to control and regulation by California Public Utilities Commission. Imposes restrictions on electricity customers' ability to switch from private utilities to other electric providers. Provides that registration by electric service providers with Commission constitutes providers' consent to regulation. Requires all retail electric sellers, instead of just private utilities, to increase renewable energy resource procurement by at least 1% each year, with 20% of retail sales procured from renewable energy by 2010, instead of current requirement of 2017. Imposes duties on Commission, Legislature and electrical providers.

Academic institutions

 * Nov. 8, 2005 California Ballot Propositions, Institute of Governmental Studies Library, UC Berkeley California

Government agencies

 * November 2005 Statewide Election Results from the California Secretary of State's Elections Division

Independent sites

 * VoteCircle.com Non-partisan resources & vote sharing network for Californians
 * Rough and Tumble
 * California Politics, The Capitol Insiders Forum
 * Latest results from PollingPoint

Affiliated sites

 * Join Arnold - Vote Yes
 * Alliance for a Better California - Vote No

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 2005 California special election


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Talk:United Opposition (Soviet Union)

this is all i have, i'm new here

Joint Opposition?
Is the United Opposition also called the Joint Opposition? See http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1927/opposition/index.htm BobFromBrockley 16:23, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, they are one and the same thing, but the term "Joint Opposition" is rarely used -- see books.google.com. No harm in adding a redirect, of course. Ahasuerus 23:23, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:United Opposition (Soviet Union)


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Kroni

Kroni (குறோணி) is a figure in Ayyavazhi mythology. He is the primordial manifestation of evil, and manifests in various forms of evil, such as Ravana and Duryodhana, in different ages or yugas. To counteract and destroy the evil of Kroni's manifestations, Mayon (a Tamil name for Vishnu) incarnates as Avatars such as Rama and Krishna. He seems to be more evil than the demon Kali of the Mahabharata and Kalki Purana sharing similarities with Lucifer.

Kroni in the Akilathirattu Ammanai
According to the Akilathirattu Ammanai, the Ayyavazhi holy book, Kroni was born in the first of the Eight Yukams (Yuga (Sanskrit); Aeons (English)) with multitudinous limbs each the size of a mountain, and was the first evil to be born in the Universe. He had a fire of ravenous hunger in his stomach, and he drank all the waters of the sea to quell it. When the water was insufficient, he then swallowed Kailayam (Kailash), the abode of Shiva, and then proceeded to devour the entire Universe. Mayon, residing with Shiva in Kailayam, escaped promptly and undertook a Tavam (Tapas in Sanskrit, Penance in English) to get help from Shiva to destroy Kroni. Shiva granted the help, but made Mayon aware of the necessity of appearing in different forms for the successive six yukams in order to destroy the six fragments of Kroni. Being aware of the mission, Mayon sliced Kroni into six fragments and saved the Universe, and with that event the first Yukam ended.

Fragments of Kroni
The six fragments of Kroni were then born as evil spirits (or Asuras) in six successive Yukams (aeons). In all the yukams Mayon had to incarnate in the world to destroy the evils. The six fragments were known as

 * 1) Kuntomasali
 * 2) Thillaimallalan and Mallosivakanan
 * 3) Suraparppan Sinkamukasuran and Iraniyan
 * 4) Ravanan
 * 5) Thuriyothanan and the Ninety-nine Brothers
 * 6) Kaliyan

Kroni, the spirit of Kali Yuga, is said to be omnipresent in the present age, and this is one of the reasons why followers of Ayya Vazhi, like other Hindus, believe that the current yuga, Kali Yuga, is so degraded.

Philosophical view
Philosophically, Kroni is viewed as the evil which prevents the soul from attaining absolute bliss or knowledge. The six fragments are considered to be six evils found in the six chakras except Sahasrara of the physical human body. It is stated that every human being should overcome the qualities of the six fragments (ill effects) in order to attain divinity (Sahasrara), the state of union with God.

But this view is often criticised by some followers because the Akilam did not mention Kroni in direct relation to Chakras. As some believe that many philosophical concepts are symbolised indirectly as mythical figures in a story form in Akilam, this view on Kroni is accepted during religious studies.

 * * Chakras :- The yugas assumed as chakras above, is one of the philosophical views and is not mentioned directly in Akilathirattu.

title: Kroni


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Nanda (Hinduism)

Nanda (नंद, ) is a cow-herd chief,  and the foster-father of Krishna, featured in the Harivamsha and the Puranas. Nanda is the son of Parjanya, a ruler of the Vraja region, who is a son of the Yadava king, Devamidha. He is the chief of Gokulam, which is one of the most powerful territories of the Yadava tribe. He is sometimes referred to as a king.

Nanda is the cousin of Vasudeva. Vasudeva takes his newborn son, Krishna, to Nanda on the night of the child's birth, so that Nanda could raise him. The chief, who is married to Yashoda, brings up both Krishna, and his brother, Balarama. Krishna derives his epithet Nandanandana (son of Nanda) from him.

Legend
Nanda was the foster-father of Krishna. He also helped to raise Balarama. Nanda, identified as King Nanda in many scriptures was a kinsman and a great friend of Vasudeva. The fact that King Nanda and King Vasudeva were second cousins is confirmed both by the Bhagavata Purana, Book 10, and the Mahabharata. King Vasudeva married Devaki, the daughter of King Devaka. Devaki's cousin, an evil tyrant named Kamsa, had imprisoned his father, Ugrasena, and usurped the throne. Owing to a divine prophecy that he would be slain by the eighth child of Devaki, Kamsa arranged that all of Devaki's sons should die at birth. Six children thus perished. Vasudeva's wife, Rohini, gave birth to Balarama, and Krishna himself was placed by Vasudeva into the hands of Nanda. Both Krishna and Balarama were brought up by Nanda, the cowherd-chief, and his wife, Yashoda.

A legend from the Bhagavata Purana describes the episode of Nanda's abduction. Having observed a fast during the ekadashi, he entered the waters of the Yamuna the following night to perform ablutions, disregarding the fact that it was a period of the day that was reserved for the asuras. He was captured by an asura who served Varuna, the god of water, and took him to his underwater realm. Having heard that his foster-father had been taken captive, Krishna reassured his community of the former's safety, and sought an audience with Varuna. Delighted at the sight of Krishna, Varuna offered his obeisance, as well as apologies for his servant's actions, and returned Nanda from his abode. Astonished at the sight of Varuna's abode as well as his foster-son's actions, Nanda conveyed this incident to the people of Gokulam, who determined that Krishna must be Ishvara.

When Krishna is enveloped by the serpent Kaliya, Nanda and his men attempt to rescue him by diving into the Yamuna, but he was restrained by Balarama, who knew the true identity of his brother.

In an episode, Nanda and all the people of Vraja undertook a pilgrimage to a site named Ambika Vana, where they worshipped Shiva and Parvati, and bathed in the Sarasvati river. They spent the night at the banks of the river. A huge python started to swallow Nanda, having caught hold of his leg. Hearing his cries for help, Krishna and the cowherds arrived to rescue him. The men tried to brandish their torches at the snake to free him, but to no avail. Krishna merely tapped the python with his foot, and the creature assumed the form of a gandharva. The gandharva explained that he was named Sudarshana, and due to the fact that he had laughed to mock sages from his vimana, he had been cursed with the form of a python; the touch of Krishna's foot had liberated him from his curse.

Nandagaon
Nandagaon is one of the religious places near Barsana in Braj. Since the sixteenth century the town has been associated with Nanda and Krishna. The Nanda Bhavan aka Nandrayji ka Mandir houses identical images of Krishna and Balarama flanked by Nanda and Yashoda. The current temple was built in the mid-eighteenth century by Rup Singh, a Sinsinwar Jat.

Surrounding the town are several tanks and ponds associated with events from Krishna's life.

Nanda Bhavan (Chaurasi Khamba Mandir)
The residence of Nanda, known as Nanda Bhavan, where Krishna is said to have grown up and spent the first three years of his childhood is a main and most famous temple in Mahavan. This yellow coloured building has many wall paintings depicting pastimes of Krishna has 84 pillars inside. It is believed that there are 84,00,000 species in this material world and each pillar is said to symbolize 100,000 species, thus representing all the life in the universe.

Nanda Ghata
The Nanda Ghata is situated on the banks of the sacred river Yamuna. The Ghata (Riverbank) is related to the rescue of Nanda's abduction by the asura of Varuna, while Nanda was taking a bath in the holy river, Yamuna.

title: Nanda (Hinduism)


text:
Category:International Baccalaureate schools

 * Schools which offer one or more  programmes.


text:
Talk:Barberini Faun

[Untitled]
This statue also carries a name of “Sleeping Satyr”. Indeed, in most of the printed and electronic sources today, faun is considered to be equivalent to satyr. This fact, however, is not exactly true, as earliest sources on ancient mythology clearly distinguish those two. In ancient Rome Faun was a forest deity, which protected crops and herds. His other name was Lupercus – the deity that allowed the domestication of dogs to help protect cattle against wolfs. Lupercus literally means “the one who protects against wolves”. His festivals, one of which was known as “Lupercalia” included dancing, merrymaking, and singing. In ancient Greece, existed a comparable deity, known as Pan – who was a god of male sexuality, carnal desire, and fertility. Earliest sources depict both of these deities as extremely hairy people, sometimes with “small horns”, but distinctly without goat hind legs and tail. Actually, hairiness and horns are more applicable to pan than faun, deity that was humanoid in shape.

Pan could, however, transform himself into a goat, which allowed him to chase nymphs on the mountain slopes. The word “panic” is derived from his name, as the nymphs would always scatter if he went by. They would not succeed always - Syrinx was a beautiful nymph pursued by Pan who drowned herself in the river to escape him. Gods turned her into the water reeds. When Pan realized that, he fashioned reeds into Pan’s pipe (also known as Syrinx) trying thus to console himself.

Satyrs, on the other hand, are always pictured with hind legs of a goat, goat tail, goat horns, long face, and extremely big phallus. In Greek mythology, they were followers of Dionysius (in Roman mythology Bacchus), good of wine. They were part of so-called Bacchanalias – wine festivals that included orgies, lovemaking, and general drunkenness. They played on Pan’s flutes (flutes made of reed), and were associated with Pan whom they sometimes followed.

As most of these deities were similar, from the Renaissance on, it was a common error to put them all together under one name - Pan, Faun or Satyr.

 * The information in the above unsigned post (after its sources had been cited) would be better placed in an article. In fact, much of the information in the Barberini Faun article could, it seems to me, be rolled into the satyr article, as could, perhaps, the entirety of the faun article. I realize that these creatures were not necessarily the same from a classical standpoint, but since the Renaissance, I believe, they've been lumped together, and most people today think of them as Greek and Roman versions of the same creature. Perhaps it might be more instructive to discuss them together.

 * To sum up, I propose that we
 * Merge Satyr and Faun.
 * Move some of the content of this Barberini Faun article to the merged article.
 * Research sources of the above unsigned, undated post and move it to the merged article, as well.

 * Do I hear any objections from those who know more about the subject than I? In the interest of full disclosure, I have to point out that I lack the time to accomplish this myself, though I'd be delighted to provide copyediting assistance to anyone who wished to tackle it. —CKA3KA (Skazka) 18:25, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

Not a flattering angle (!)
As with any body, there are flattering angles and unflattering angles; and I don't mean the spread-eagle angle here, but the way the foreshortening makes the guy look skinny; he's not if you see it in a 3/4 profile. I'll see if I can find a better un-copyrighted image. He looks anorexic here compared to the other pictures I've seen (speaking as an ex-bodybuilding photographer who got into THAT business by being interested in classical sculpture).Skookum1 17:02, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

How is it a faun?
The article should make reference to the sculpture's faun-like features. To me it just looks human(oid) from the picture. Does it have horns or something?

From its tail
You can see its a faun by the tail sticking out from underneath its buttocks. TDSzevz —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.202.248.43 (talk) 20:09, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

Photoshopped illustration?
From what i can see it looks like the main illustration picture is photoshopped, if you zoom in you see that the faun has been cut from another background and placed on this. Im not a Wikipedia expert, but this cant realy be fitting for a encyclopedia?? TDSzevz —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.202.248.43 (talk) 19:53, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Even though there’s no problem with the picture being photoshoped as this one was a bad work I changed it for another untouched version of the same pic from commons. --Magnvss (talk) 00:00, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Barberini Faun


text:
Talk:Four-wave mixing

This page has too narrow a view of four-wave mixing. It not simply an error mechanism in telecommunications. It is a very general class of nonlinear optical phenomena that have many applications.J S Lundeen 00:39, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Redirect or move?
The most common way of writing FWM is with a dash: "Four-wave mixing". This is done e.g. in the classic textbook "Nonlinear Fiber Optics" by G. P. Agrawal. Furthermore, the article on Nonlinear optics has a link to Four-wave mixing, which does not yet exist. I therefore suggest that this article is either moved from Four wave mixing to Four-wave mixing or that a redirect is made from Four-wave mixing to Four wave mixing. I prefer the first alternative, since it is most common to use the dash.

Mfrosz 19:37, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

I agree with both of the above statements. FWM is one of the fundamental nonlinear processes, also the use of the phrase 'do the math' give the page an unpolished feel. The page sould also mention the $$\chi^{(3)}$$ from which this process originates. Four-wave mixing is also a more common way of spelling this. Badgerific 19:29, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Degenerate FWM
Is it for :$$f_{1},f_2$$ or :$$f_1,f_2$$ —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Jishnua (talk • contribs).

needs more explanation
I would like to see more mathematical derivation. What nonlinear equation is used? How does period doubling come out of the equation(s)? Can it be derived using perturbation theory? Danski14(talk) 18:48, 9 March 2012 (UTC)

Working on it. Expect to see it in the next few days to weeks to months :) Quantumavik (talk) 01:39, 17 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Four-wave mixing


text: Talk:Superman (1978 film)

title: Talk:Superman (1978 film)


text:
User talk:Arrt-932~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 00:41, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Your account will be renamed
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title: User talk:Arrt-932~enwiki


text:
Asca (disambiguation)

Asca is a genus of mites.

Asca or ASCA may also refer to:

Organisations

 * ASCA (news agency), Italy (founded 1969)
 * Accumulating savings & credit association, a form of microfinance
 * American Swimming Coaches Association (founded 1958)
 * Association for Student Conduct Administration, United States (founded 1987)

People

 * Asca (singer) or Asuka Ōkura (born 1996), Japanese musician

Science

 * Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics, launched from Japan in 1993
 * ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis, in bioinformatics
 * Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody, in immunology

title: Asca (disambiguation)


text:
Changes One (Charles Mingus album)

Changes One is an album by the jazz composer and bassist Charles Mingus, released in 1975.

"Remember Rockefeller at Attica"
This track is dedicated to the Attica Prison Riots of 1971 and the Governor of New York State at that time, Nelson Rockefeller.

"Devil Blues"
The lyrics are by Clarence “Gatemouth” Brown, but the melody is newly composed by vocalist and saxophonist George Adams. Mingus also has composing credits, possibly for the horn lines that follow the singing.

Track listing
All compositions by Charles Mingus except where noted.

 * 1) "Remember Rockefeller at Attica" – 5:56
 * 2) "Sue's Changes" – 17:04
 * 3) "Devil Blues" (George Adams, Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown, Mingus) – 9:24
 * 4) "Duke Ellington's Sound of Love" – 12:04

Personnel
Recorded at Atlantic Recording Studios, New York City, on December 27, 28 & 30, 1974.

 * Jack Walrath – trumpet
 * George Adams – tenor saxophone, vocals
 * Don Pullen – piano
 * Charles Mingus – acoustic bass viol
 * Dannie Richmond – drums
 * İlhan Mimaroğlu – production
 * Nesuhi Ertegün – production
 * Gene Paul – engineer
 * Paula Scher – designer

title: Changes One (Charles Mingus album)


text:
Talk:WNET

Flagship
WNET is not a "flagship" station of PBS. It's an important station, yes; but then, as mentioned in the edit history, so are WGBH, WQED-TV, KQED, and several other PBS stations which each have produced a comparable number of widely-carried shows. Remember that PBS gives each member station a certain amount of autonomy not present in commercial stations. As a result, PBS's distribution of programming does not follow the model set forth by network flagships (and fellow NYC stations) WNBC-TV, WABC-TV, WCBS-TV, et al. SwissCelt 00:42, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

After an e-mail discussion with Dfmock, I'm willing to concede that WNET is as qualified to call itself a "flagship" station as any other PBS member station. But then, that brings up the question of what stations might be called flagships.

IMO, a partial list might go something like this:

Definitely a flagship
 * WGBH (Boston)
 * WNET (Newark, New Jersey)
 * KQED (San Francisco-Northern California)
 * WETA (Washington)

Most likely a flagship
 * WQED (Pittsburgh)
 * KCET (Los Angeles)

Possibly a flagship
 * KPBS (San Diego)
 * WHYY (Wilmington-Philadelphia)
 * WYES (New Orleans; has produced a fair number of cooking shows including those by Paul Prudhomme (and Justin Wilson?))

Probably not a flagship
 * WGTV (Athens-Atlanta; is the flagship of Georgia Public Television, but probably not a national flagship)
 * WPBS (Watertown, NY; article goes to some length disclaiming the flagship moniker in spite of the call letters)
 * Any of the stations in my home state of Ohio
 * (and so on....)

The amount of programming carried nationally on PBS member stations would seem to be the primary criterion, but not necessarily the only one. Thoughts? -- SwissCelt 19:47, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * My take on this? The "flagship" label is one that was originally applied to the big commercial network-owned stations (WCBS/WNBC/WABC and KCBS/KNBC/KABC in New York and California); the networks were originating most of their popular broadcast content at the national level, not buying it from individual local stations, in a completely opposite approach to the PBS model. This meant that market size was the sole criterion for the "flagship" label, with the "big three" networks choosing to name local station callsigns after the network itself in the two largest markets, Manhattan NY and Los Angeles CA.
 * Some early revisions of the PBS and WPBS articles came rather close to adding WPBS NY and KPBS California to these trios of big-city stations just because of the names. This led subsequent editors to post the current "WPBS-TV is not a flagship" text, as WPBS primarily serves Ottawa, not Manhattan, cutting its total potential audience to two million instead of the eleven million of the NYC stations. Meanwhile, we don't see "WCNY is not a flagship", "WCFE is not a flagship",  "WXXI is not a flagship" and the like plastered onto every New York PBS member station's article text; WPBS-TV just got singled out for this silliness because of their choice of callsign.
 * PBS's structure does cause original programming production to be the primary criterion (WGBH owes its massive lead in visibility over other PBS member broadcasters not to that one transmitting tower on that Great Blue Hill as much as to "a production of WGBH Boston" appearing on so many programmes broadcast on so many other PBS stations across the nation). Satellites and cable TV are also distorting factors in visibility of individual stations.
 * There is no official definition; CBS may be free to say "WCBS is our flagship in New York" but PBS itself isn't going to be as free to designate one station a "flagship" and another not as they don't own the individual stations - organizations in the local communities own them, so the network playing favourites is inadvisable. As such, this whole exercise becomes nothing more than a mere statement of opinion on the part of viewers. Amount of programming (and quality of original programming) should by far be the most important criteria, home market size a very distant second at best.
 * A tempest in a teapot in any case. Let each station, and their original programming, stand on their own merits. If WGBH sends out many programmes of the calibre of a NOVA or Masterpiece Theatre while WPBS-TV primarily produces a list of fishing or gardening shows, naturally WGBH will earn the greater level of visibility in the PBS network. Beyond that, it's all subjective... --carlb 17:23, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, but if the designation is subjective, then it's not encyclopedic and therefore should not be included in the article. Otherwise, one can edit an article to say, "WNET is liek the best PBS station EVAR!!!" and not get called on NPOV.  (Grammar, though, is another story.) -- SwissCelt 02:31, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * True, a case could easily be made that WPBS-TV is more worthy of being a flagship than is WQED. The Pittsburgh station is the only PBS member I've encountered to have affiliated a station full-time to ShopNBC. WQED was a good station in its day, but... --66.102.80.212 (talk) 19:06, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

On an aside, some of WNET's newer programmes are showing a new ident. It uses the Thirteen logo amist a skyline (assuming it's NYC). Can someone get a screenshot of that ident? -Daniel Blanchette 16:47, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

I'm not sure why someone removed Cyberchase from this page. I replaced it because Cyberchase is an original production produced by Thirteen/WNET. It's creators are Sandra Sheppard and Kristin Laskas Martin, who created the show for it's premiere in January 2002 (it piloted in 2001 on Thirteen). According to the programs current press material: "CYBERCHASE is produced by Thirteen/WNET New York and Nelvana Limited. Executive producers are Sandra Sheppard, Thirteen's executive director of Children's and Educational Programming, and Frances Nankin. Ellen Doherty is senior series producer." Check out their press materials in Thirteen's pressroom at http://www.thirteen.org/pressroom (click on the Cyberchase logo) if you have any questions. Digit LeBoid 14:38, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Trivia -- WNET and "Pressure"
A trivia tidbit that was removed dealt with the following fact:

 * A reference to the station can be found in the Billy Joel song "Pressure", dealing with Sesame Street.

The lyric from the song pertinent to this was:

 * All your life is Channel 13... Sesame Street... What does it mean?

Considering that Billy Joel came from New York and many of his songs dealt, one way or another, with New York life, that was probably in reference to WNET, albeit in a vague manner. Comment? -- azumanga 23:23, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

 * IMHO, this is valid and is not trivia. He is from Long Island and the use of NYC-region place names commonly appears elsewhere in his work (such as "Who needs a house out in Hackensack? Is that all you get for your money?" in Movin' Out [Anthony's song]). It's not a question of this "probably" being WNET, this *is* WNET. Not WHAM-TV (ABC Rochester), not CJOH (CTV Ottawa), not WNYT (NBC Albany). WNET. None of the other Channel 13 broadcasters serving New York State audiences are PBS, as much of PBS (including flagship WPBS-TV 16) is UHF.
 * I doubt that Calais, Marquette, Pittsburgh, Arkadelphia, Eureka, Dallas, Oklahoma City, Fargo, Twin Falls, Idaho, Monroe, Louisiana, Eagle Butte, South Dakota, Alliance, Nebraska or La Grande, Oregon are finding their way into old Billy Martin tunes, and those thirteen are the only other known PBS13 stations in existence. --carlb (talk) 01:51, 20 May 2008 (UTC)
 * It's still trivia, and not important to the understanding of the article's subject. You don't need a lesson in Billy Joel to learn about WNET.  Rob T Firefly (talk) 00:35, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

I'm pretty sure "Psych 1, Psych 2" in the song refer not to psychiatric wards but to undergraduate college psychology courses, commonly taken by students who will have no use for the subject. They're not relevant to WNET anyway, so I removed this allusion and so shortened the whole bit. 69.125.229.110 (talk) 04:44, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Wnta60s.gif
Image:Wnta60s.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Fair use rationale for Image:Wnet77.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Wnet71.jpg
Image:Wnet71.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Fair use rationale for Image:Watv.jpg
Image:Watv.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Non-Commercial
WNET Channel 134 is not a "non-commercial" tv station, and it hasn't been one for a long time. I watch the station every day and there are lots and lots of commercials aired every day. Car commercials, bank commercials, food commercials, etc... Just because they air them between programs european style doesn't make it non-commercial. They take the car company money just like Fox and CBS and everybody else. You need to remove the phrase "non-commercial" from the description of Channel 13. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.225.215.208 (talk) 01:14, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

 * The Federal Communications Commission definition of what can be run while technically claiming "non-commercial" status is here: http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/nature.html#ENHANCED

 * Allowed are:
 * logograms or slogans which identify and do not promote,
 * location information,
 * value-neutral descriptions of a product line or service,
 * brand and trade names and product or service listings.

 * Disallowed are:
 * prices or comparative prices of goods and services
 * announcements containing a call to action, such as "try our product" or "stop by our showroom"
 * announcements of discounts or incentives as an inducement to buy, sell, rent, or lease.

 * So "this program made possible by X Inc., makers of Y" complies, "this program made possible by X Inc., quality manufacturers of Y" bends the rules rather blatantly (not value-neutral) and "This program sponsored by X Inc., selling Y for ninety-five cents less than Z Company's crummy made-in-Blecchistan competing product THIS WEEK ONLY! SO BUY NOW!!!1!!!" clearly would be precluded from non-commercial broadcast. (unless you're WQEX and plead poverty in order to get FCC to remove the "non-commercial" status entirely so your local PBS can become ShopNBC) No idea how a slogan would "identify and not promote", isn't the point of a slogan to promote a product or its maker? Indeed, it's a very fine line that has been drawn, but supposedly the line is still there.
 * Not sure what would happen if an episode of Sesame Street were caught as having been secretly taking payola and kickbacks from the letter Q or the number 3, though. --66.102.80.212 (talk) 18:45, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

Those Are Not Commercials.
Those Are Companies And Or Foundations That Donates to PBS and The Station In Question, So In Reality They Are calling calls that Shows the Viewers That They Care For PBS Programming And The Station Carrying it.

 * In Addition, Those 'Commercials' are Allowed on the grounds of Public Service And Certain 'Commercials' Are in-house And Should Not Be Considered 'Commercials'. I have Been Watching WNET For 11 Years And There is Not One Single Commercial that was not Made in House By WNET And/or Sister Stations NJN(New Jersey)WXXI( Rochester,NY) WLIW21(Garden City, NY) And Any other PBS Station That Serves The Tri-state Area.

 * You Are Confusing WNET For Another Public Station WNYE or Any of The Countless Independent Stations In The NYC Area.

If You Have A Concern Involving Thirteen/WNET's Programming or Commercials E-mail them At programming@thirteen.org or File An Issue At The Website at http://www.thirteen.org/about/contact-us/ and File Under 'Broadcast'. ((User:BBCNYC)) 00:58, 3 August 2009 (UTC)(User:BBCNYC)

Original productions?
Original productions

''WNET has produced, created and/or presented a number of PBS shows. This includes, but is not limited to:''

 * Producing and presenting are two quite different things, so please change the title fo that section or remove all the series that haven't been actually produced by WNET, such as The Story of English. Eyesighter (talk) 00:59, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Someone should add Camp TV to WNET's list of productions on WNET's article. 35.134.104.128 (talk) 19:47, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added tag to http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/Archive-BC-IDX/47-OCR/1947-04-21-BC-OCR-Page-0018.pdf
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110610161158/http://www.nbc40.net:80/news/17927/ to http://www.nbc40.net/news/17927/
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"NET-TV" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect NET-TV. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 March 20 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion.  WC  Quidditch  ☎   ✎  17:10, 20 March 2021 (UTC)

ALL ARTS
ALL ARTS is an arts and culture programming hub by WNET, available online and via the ALL ARTS iOS and android apps.
 * 0mtwb9gd5wx (talk) 11:42, 5 January 2023 (UTC)
 * All Arts is part of WNET group
 * All Arts is part of WNET group

 * https://deadline.com/2019/01/public-tv-force-wnet-launches-broadcast-and-streaming-channel-all-arts-1202540966/
 * https://current.org/2018/11/wnets-all-arts-network-may-grow-into-multicast-channel-offering/
 * https://jlgreene.org/grantee/wnet-all-arts/
 * https://www.harlemworldmagazine.com/all-arts-collaborates-with-the-shed-to-introduce-4-emerging-nyc-black-artists-in-residence/
 * https://playbill.com/article/wnet-will-launch-all-arts-streaming-platform-and-broadcast-channel-for-creative-expression
 * https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/17/arts/television/taylor-mac-all-arts.html
 * 0mtwb9gd5wx (talk) 07:45, 6 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:WNET


text:
Bremner, Bird and Fortune

Bremner, Bird and Fortune, originally titled Rory Bremner...Who Else?, is a satirical British television programme produced by Vera Productions for Channel Four, uniting comedy impressionist Rory Bremner with the veteran satirical comedy duo John Bird and John Fortune (known as "The Two Johns"). From 1993 to 2008 the show ran for 19 series, followed by several one-off episodes until 2010.

1986–1992: Now Something Else / The Rory Bremner Show
Rory Bremner's first television series, Now Something Else, started in 1986 on BBC Two and ran for seven series, with the title changed to The Rory Bremner Show from the fourth series onwards. The BBC gave him his own television series after successful shows at the Edinburgh festival. The series also had input from Jeremy Hardy, Steve Nallon, Steve Brown, Enn Reitel, Jim Sweeney and Steve Steen. In 1989 John Bird started to contribute to the show, as did John Fortune starting in 1991.

1993–1998: Rory Bremner...Who Else?
In 1993 Bremner moved to Channel 4. His new show, Rory Bremner...Who Else?, featured Bird and Fortune prominently, and over the seven series the show developed into a more hard-edged, satirical and political show, with sketches satirising subjects such as The Jerry Springer Show, Ainsley Harriott and sporting personalities being reduced.

1999–2010: Bremner, Bird and Fortune
By 1999 all non-political sketches were dropped and the show was refocused purely on political satire, with a name change.

In 2002 three members of the show's production team, Geoff Atkinson, Steve Connelly and Tristam Shapeero, were nominated for a BAFTA for Best Comedy Programme or Series. Bird and Fortune were nominated for a BAFTA for Best Entertainment Performance in 2001 and Best Comedy Performance in 2002. They did not win, however.

In 2003, the 2002 one-off special At Her Majesty's Pleasure won a Broadcasting Press Guild Award for Best Entertainment.

In October 2004, Bremner, Bird and Fortune published a book based on the show, called You Are Here: A Dossier (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 288 pages, ISBN 0-297-84778-3, also available as a paperback from Orion mass market paperback, ISBN 0-7528-6493-9). In 2004 Rory Bremner was nominated for a BAFTA for Best Comedy Performance.

In November 2008 a four-part miniseries was produced called Silly Money. The trio looked at the economic downturn, with fewer of the usual sketches and co-stars. The episodes contained many more George Parr sketches than usual (the standard being one per episode). They also included a number of archive clips to further illustrate points and create satire from them based on hindsight.

The last full series was broadcast in late 2008. Two further miniseries, both having three episodes, focussed more on specific issues. The Last Show Before The Recovery started on 7 June 2009 and looked at the banking crisis, while The Daily Wind-Up, aired from 2–4 May 2010, focused on the 2010 United Kingdom general election. The Daily-Wind Up were the last three episodes of Bremner, Bird and Fortune.

Regular features
For most of its run, the show was almost entirely political, but in the later series different genres of sketches were introduced. The programme featured regular stand-up impressionism sections by Bremner. Another feature was interviews between Bird and Fortune, alternating each episode between interviewer and interviewee, with the interviewee usually being a man in a government position or a businessman, almost always named George Parr, who ended up exposing the idiocies of his area of expertise. There were also heavily researched, bitingly satirical three-handed historical narratives; the dinner party sketches, featuring Bird, Fortune, Pauline McLynn and Frances Barber; and other small sketches. Each episode ended with a (usually political) musical number.

Now Something Else / The Rory Bremner Show

 * Series 1 (Now Something Else): 5 Episodes (3 March - 7 April 1986)
 * Series 2 (Now Something Else): 5 Episodes (3 April - 8 May 1987)
 * Series 3 (Now Something Else): 6 Episodes (5 May - 2 June 1988)
 * Series 4 (The Rory Bremner Show): 6 Episodes (31 March - 5 May 1989)
 * Series 5 (The Rory Bremner Show): 6 Episodes (20 May - 25 June 1990)
 * Series 6 (The Rory Bremner Show): 6 Episodes (15 March - 19 April 1991)
 * Series 7 (The Rory Bremner Show): 6 Episodes (8 May - 12 June 1992)

40 episodes in total

Rory Bremner...Who Else?

 * Series 1: 9 Episodes (9 October - 4 December 1993)
 * Series 2: 10 Episodes (8 October - 10 December 1994)
 * Series 3: 8 Episodes (7 October - 25 November 1995)
 * Series 4: 8 Episodes (5 April - 24 May 1996)
 * Series 5: 10 Episodes (27 September - 29 November 1996)
 * Bremner, Bird and Fortune: Three Men and a Vote two-part special (26 April and 3 May 1997)
 * Series 6: 7 Episodes (24 October - 12 December 1997)
 * Series 7: 8 Episodes (11 October - 6 December 1998)

62 episodes in total

Bremner, Bird and Fortune

 * Series 1: 8 Episodes (17 October - 5 December 1999)
 * Bremner, Bird, Fortune, Delia, Des...There one-off special (3 January 2000)
 * Series 2: 6 Episodes (4 March - 8 April 2001)
 * Bremner, Bird and Fortune's Exit Pole one-off special (10 June 2001)
 * Geoffrey Mallet: A Hero of Our Times one-off special (31 December 2001)
 * Series 3: 7 Episodes (27 January - 10 March 2002)
 * At Her Majesty's Pleasure one-off special (2 June 2002)
 * Between Iraq and a Hard Place one-off special (5 January 2003)
 * Series 4: 7 Episodes (19 January - 2 March 2003)
 * Beyond Iraq and a Hard Place one-off special (11 May 2003)
 * Trust Me, I'm a Prime Minister one-off special (20 November 2003)
 * Series 5: 7 Episodes (1 February - 7 March 2004)
 * Series 6: 5 Episodes (26 September - 31 October 2004)
 * Series 7: 6 Episodes (6 March - 10 April 2005)
 * A Bunch of Counts one-off special (5 May 2005)
 * Series 8: 5 Episodes (11 September - 16 October 2005)
 * Series 9: 6 Episodes (4 March - 8 April 2006)
 * One-off special (23 September 2006)
 * Series 10: 6 Episodes (3 March - 7 April 2007)
 * Tony Blair: My Part in His Downfall documentary (25 June 2007)
 * Series 11: 6 Episodes (30 September - 4 November 2007)
 * Series 12: 7 Episodes (13 April - 25 May 2008)
 * Silly Money four-part special (2 - 18 November 2008)
 * The Last Show Before the Recovery one-off special (7 June 2009)
 * Who Broke Britain? one-off special (14 June 2009)
 * Happy Days Are Here Again one-off special (21 June 2009)
 * The Daily Wind-Up three-part special (2 - 4 May 2010)

96 episodes in total

Books

 * The Long Johns by John Bird and John Fortune (published 3 October 1996 by Hutchinson/Channel 4)
 * You Are Here: A Dossier by Rory Bremner, John Bird and John Fortune (published 28 October 2004 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson)

title: Bremner, Bird and Fortune


text: User talk:69.227.27.89

title: User talk:69.227.27.89


text:
User talk:Rs09985

Comment on Talk:Pink (singer)
Hi I left a note demonstrating why Missundaztood should be spelt with an i in Wikipedia at Talk:Pink (singer). Your response would be appreciated. Cheers, --Rogerb67 (talk) 14:36, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

Blanking Page
I'm requesting that I blank this page b/c I do not remember my password to this account, and my password was saved on my old computer, which is no longer functioning. My new user name is MyOwnWorst. Myownworst (talk) 19:39, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

File:Claude2.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Claude2.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Haruth (talk) 15:30, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Robespierre03.jpg

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Proposed deletion of File:Picture of Rs09985.jpg

The file File:Picture of Rs09985.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unused personal photo. Out of scope."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. --Minorax «¦talk¦» 13:39, 1 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rs09985


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ivan Savage

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 01:00, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Ivan Savage
Vanity. Zero Google hits for "Ivan Savage" "Is It Easier Now?". No entries on artistdirect or allmusic. RickK 00:49, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. DS1953 01:23, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 01:45, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Possibly a prank or vanity -- hard to tell, as it could be that he really is a musician who wants to make homosexual double entendres -- but no verification. Geogre 02:42, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notability.
 * Delete nn, possible vanity. --Etacar11 14:54, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I wrote a play when I was 10, can I have an entry too? No? Okay, delete. StopTheFiling 22:44, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * This individual was a pretty big model in Houston in the 90s. He did work with models like Laura Kapriva and later Alexis Bledel (a famous actress). He was also the international face of XS cologne in the early 90s. True, his work is microcosmic, so if Wikipedia is being maintained only for a macrocosmic angle (rather than covering people of interest), then this should be deleted. I thought I'd put in my two cents. Louis Molnar, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Zeus (yacht)

Zeus (formerly ECO, Katana and Enigma) is a large private superyacht. According to Power and Motoryacht magazine, she was owned by Aidan Barclay, son of the British media tycoon David Barclay, who recently purchased the Telegraph newspaper. She was sold after her former owner, Larry Ellison, took delivery of Rising Sun, the 6th largest private yacht in the world at the time. Measuring slightly more than 244 feet (or around 75 metres) long, Enigma was launched in 1991 and originally christened ECO by its former owner, Mexican mogul Emilio Azcárraga, founder and former CEO of TV and media conglomerate Televisa. Enigma is renowned for her design, including a pyramidal superstructure surrounded by convex windows and an agile design that enables her to achieve a maximum speed of 36 knots. The yacht has nine luxurious suites and the rear deck was originally designed to carry a Maule turboprop floatplane.

She was built by German shipbuilder Blohm & Voss and designed by Martin Francis.

Zeus is powered by two Deutz AG BV16M628 diesel engines each producing 5,000 horsepower and one GE LM1600 gas turbine producing 18,500 horsepower. Each engine drives its own water jet drive. Because of the amount of fuel consumed when using the turbine engine for full speed cruising, the owner also commissioned a fuel tanker to provide refueling capabilities mid-journey.

In 2017, she was sold to Yannakis Theophani "John" Christodoulou, a Monaco-based Cypriot billionaire property developper, owner of Yianis Group who gave her its new name.

title: Zeus (yacht)


text: Category:Chromates

title: Category:Chromates


text:
Talk:Ikan Merah

For those who ask, Ikan Merah is Malay for "red snapper", creating it as a convenient reference.

title: Talk:Ikan Merah


text:
Max Frei

Max Frei (Макс Фрай) is the pen name of Svetlana Yuryevna Martynchik (Светла́на Ю́рьевна Марты́нчик; Світлана Юріївна Мартинчик) (born 1965 in Odesa, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union), a fantasy writer from Odesa, Ukraine. She writes in Russian and mostly publishes in Russia  while holding Ukrainian citizenship. She permanently resides in Vilnius, Lithuania. Martynchik has collaborated many years on her books with her spouse, artist Igor Steopin (1967—2018).

Biography
Martynchik has Belarusian and German roots. She studied philology at Odesa State University, but dropped out without graduating. From 1986 she collaborated with artist Igor Steopin, whom she later married. The couple moved to Moscow, Russia, in 1993, to work at Marat Gelman's gallery. There, Svetlana started writing fantasy books.

The pen name, Max Frei, was invented by Martynchik and Steopin for their works on comic fantasy series Labyrinths of Echo ("Лабиринты Eхо"). The plot follows the eponymous narrator, sir Max, as he leaves our "real" world for phantasmagoric fantasy city of Echo. There, he becomes a member of special service that controls the use of magic. The books are written by Martynchik, while Steopin developed the Echo universe and illustrated the books. Along with her Echo books, Frei also participated in several literary projects. She compiled Fram, a series of short story anthologies by Amphora publishing house. From 2006 to 2011, the series of books Russian Foreign Folktales ("Русские инородные сказки") was published as part of the Fram project.

The couple moved from Moscow to Vilnius, Lithuania, in 2004, out of their dislike of megalopolises. There, Max Frei wrote four parts of magic realist Tales of the Old Vilnius ("Сказки старого Вильнюса").

Cycle of books "Labyrinths of Echo"

 * Чужак (Stranger, 1996)
 * Волонтёры Вечности (Volunteers of Eternity, 1996)
 * Простые волшебные вещи (Simple magic things, 1997)
 * Тёмная сторона (The Dark Side, 1997)
 * Наваждения (Illusions, 1998)
 * Власть несбывшегося (Power of Unfulfilled, 1998)
 * Болтливый мертвец (A Talkative Dead, 1999)
 * Лабиринт Мёнина (Labyrinth of Mönin, 2003)

Cycle of books "My Ragnarok"

 * Гнёзда химер. Хроники Овёттганы. (Nests of chimeras. Chronicles of Ovёtganna (editorial version) (1997))
 * Гнёзда химер. Хроники Хугайды (Nests of chimeras. Chronicles of Hugayda (author's version) (1999))
 * Мой Рагнарёк (My Ragnarok, 1998)

Cycle of books "Chronicles of Echo"

 * Чуб Земли. История, рассказанная сэром Максом из Ехо (The Earth’s Tuft. The story told by Sir Max from Echo, 2004)
 * Туланский детектив. История, рассказанная леди Меламори Блимм (Detective from Tulane. The story told by lady Melamory Blimm, 2004)
 * Властелин Морморы. История, рассказанная сэром Джуффином Халли (Lord of the Marmore. The story told by Sir Juffin Hulley, 2005)
 * Неуловимый Хабба Хэн. История, рассказанная сэром Максом из Ехо (Elusive Habba Heng. The story told by Sir Max from Echo, 2005)
 * Ворона на мосту. История, рассказанная сэром Шурфом Лонли-Локли (Crow on the bridge. The story told by Sir Shurf Lonely - Lockley, 2006)
 * Горе господина Гро. История, рассказанная сэром Кофой Йохом (Mr. Gro’s Sorrow. The story told by Sir Cofa Joch, 2007)
 * Обжора - хохотун. История, рассказанная сэром Мелифаро (Laughing Glutton. The story told by Sir Melifaro, 2010)
 * Дар Шаванахолы. История, рассказанная сэром Максом из Ехо (Gift from Shavanahola. The story told by Sir Max from Echo, 2011)
 * Тубурская игра. История, рассказанная сэром Нумминорихом Кутой (Tubur Game. The story told by Sir Numminorih Kuta, 2013)

Cycle of books "Dreams of Echo"

 * Мастер ветров и закатов (The Master of Winds and Sundowns, 2014)
 * Слишком много кошмаров (Too Many Nightmares, 2015)
 * Вся правда о нас (All Truth About Us, 2015)
 * Я иду искать (Coming, ready or not, 2016)
 * Сундук мертвеца (Dead Man's Chest, 2017)
 * Отдай моё сердце (Give Me My Heart, 2017)
 * Мёртвый ноль (Dead Zero, 2018)

Other

 * Энциклопедия Мифов (Encyclopedia of Myths)
 * Жалобная книга (A Petition Book, 2003)
 * Книга для таких, как я (Book for the Likes of Me, 2002)
 * Идеальный роман (An Ideal Novel, 1999)
 * Книга одиночеств (Book of Loneliness, 2004) — with Linor Goralik.
 * Сказки и истории (Tales and Stories, 2004)
 * Ключ из жёлтого металла (Yellow Metal Key, 2009)
 * Большая телега (A Big Carriage, 2009)
 * Одна и та же книга (The Very Same Book, 2010)
 * Первая линия (First line, 2012)
 * Вторая линия (Second Line, 2012)
 * Сказки старого Вильнюса (Tales of the Old Vilnius, 2012)

title: Max Frei


text: Category:Ferrates

title: Category:Ferrates


text:
Jan Łaski (1456–1531)

Jan Łaski (1456 in Łask – 19 May 1531 in Kalisz, Poland) was a Polish nobleman, Grand Chancellor of the Crown (1503–10), diplomat, from 1490 secretary to Poland's King Casimir IV Jagiellon and from 1508 coadjutor to the Archbishop of Lwów.

From 1510 Łaski was Archbishop of Gniezno and thus Primate of Poland.

Biography
He was the uncle of his namesake John à Lasco, the noted Protestant reformer, who helped reform the Church of England, and who was called home by King Sigismund II to effect similar reforms in the Commonwealth. John à Lasco is also famous for his achievement as an auto-didact..

Secretary to the Chancellor
He became a priest, and in 1495 was secretary to the Polish chancellor Zawisza Kurozwęcki, in which position he acquired both influence and experience. The aged chancellor entrusted the sharp-witted young ecclesiastic with the conduct of several important missions. Twice, in 1495 and again in 1500, he was sent to Rome, and once on a special embassy to Flanders, of which he has left an account. On these occasions he had the opportunity of displaying diplomatic talent of a high order.

Secretary to the King
On the accession to the Polish throne in 1501 of Alexander Jagiellon, who had little knowledge of Polish affairs and chiefly resided in Lithuania, Łaski was appointed by the senate the king's secretary, in which capacity he successfully opposed the growing separatist tendencies of the grand-duchy and maintained the influence of Catholicism there.

Chancellor of Poland
So struck was the king by his ability that on the death of the Polish chancellor in 1503 he passed over the vice-chancellor Macics Dzewicki and confided the great seal to Łaski. As chancellor Łaski supported the szlachta, or country-gentlemen, against the lower orders, going so far as to pass an edict excluding henceforth all plebeians from the higher benefices of the church. Nevertheless, he approved himself such an excellent public servant that the new king, Sigismund I, made him one of his chief counsellors.

Primate of Poland
In 1511, the chancellor, who ecclesiastically was still only a canon of Kraków, obtained the coveted dignity of archbishop of Gnesen which carried with it the primacy of the Polish church. In the long negotiations with the restive and semi-rebellious Teutonic Order, Łaski rendered Sigismund most important political services, proposing as a solution of the question that Sigismund should be elected grand master, while Łaski should surrender the primacy to the new candidate of the knights, Albert, Duke in Prussia, a solution which would have been far more profitable to Poland than the ultimate settlement of 1525. In 1513, Łaski was sent to the Lateran council, convened by Pope Julius II, to plead the cause of Poland against the knights, where both as an orator and as a diplomatist he brilliantly distinguished himself. This mission was equally profitable to his country and himself, and he succeeded in obtaining from the pope for the archbishops of Gnesen the title of legati nati.

In his old age, Łaski's partiality for his nephew, Hieronymus Jaroslaw Łaski, led him to support the candidature of John Zápolya, the protégé of the Turks, for the Hungarian crown so vehemently against the Habsburgs that Clement VII excommunicated him, and the shock of this disgrace was the cause of his sudden death in 1531.

Works

 * Commune incliti Poloniae regni privilegium (1506; Łaski's Statute; in Polish, Statut Łaskiego)

Collections of synodal legislation

 * Statuta provincialia (1512)
 * Sanctiones ecclesiasticae tam expontificum decretis quam ex constitutionibus synodorum provinciae excerptae, in primis autem statuta in diversis provincialibus synodis a se sancita (1525)
 * Statuta provinciae Gnesnensis (Kraków, 1527)
 * De Ruthenorum nationibus eorumque erroribus (Nuremberg)

title: Jan Łaski (1456–1531)


text:
Talk:Rick Peterson

Comment
I don't know when this was written but you look like a fool now don't you? --NYGiantsNYMets91 22:09, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

I saw him today, and he was not wearing the windbreaker mentioned, so I removed that section, it's not true.

Kazmir's aggregate MLB stats:

W  L   G   GS  CG SHO  GF SV   IP     H    R   ER   HR  BB   SO  HBP  WP  BFP  IBB  BK  ERA *lgERA *ERA+ WHIP +--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--+--++++---+++---+---+-+---+---+-+-++-+

4 Yr WL% .519 28  26  84  83   1   1   0  0  482.3  460  234  206  43  235  500  18  22  2106   6   1  3.84  4.48  117 1

and Zambrano's during his 3 seasons with the Mets:

Year Ag Tm Lg  W   L   G   GS  CG SHO  GF SV   IP     H    R   ER   HR  BB   SO  HBP  WP  BFP  IBB  BK  ERA *lgERA *ERA+ WHIP +--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--+--++++---+++---+---+-+---+---+-+-++-+        NYM NL   2   0   3   3   0   0   0  0   14.0   12    9    6   0    6   14   0   1    62   0   0  3.86  4.27  111 1.286 2005 29 NYM NL  7  12  31  27   0   0   2  0  166.3  170   85   77  12   77  112  15   8   748   2   2  4.17  4.19  100 1.485 2006 30 NYM NL  1   2   5   5   0   0   0  0   21.3   25   16   16   5   11   15   0   1    97   0   0  6.75  4.31   64 1.688

Give up 6 seasons of Kazmir for 201.7 innings of proven mediocrity? I'd have kept Kazmir, thank you very much.

3P sports
--The paragraph on 3P Sports reads like an advertisement; IMO it should be edited to a more neutral tone, but I am not personally familiar with the product enough to do so.98.149.34.15 (talk) 15:23, 10 August 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Rick Peterson