text:
Renewable Energy Certificate (United States)

Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), also known as Green tags, Renewable Energy Credits, Renewable Electricity Certificates, or Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs), are tradable, non-tangible energy certificates in the United States that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity was generated from an eligible renewable energy resource (renewable electricity) and was fed into the shared system of power lines which transport energy. Solar renewable energy certificates (SRECs) are RECs that are specifically generated by solar energy.

Background
There are two main markets for renewable energy certificates in the United States – compliance markets and voluntary markets.

Compliance markets are created by a policy that exists in 29 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, called Renewable Portfolio Standard. In these states, the electric companies are required to supply a certain percent of their electricity from renewable generators by a specified year. For example, in California the law is 33% renewable by 2020, whereas New York has a 24% requirement by 2013. Electric utilities in these states demonstrate compliance with their requirements by purchasing RECs; in the California example, the electric companies would need to hold RECs equivalent to 33% of their electricity sales.

Voluntary markets are ones in which customers choose to buy renewable power out of a desire to use renewable energy. Most corporate and household purchases of renewable energy are voluntary purchases. Renewable energy generators located in states that do not have a Renewable Portfolio Standard can sell their RECs to voluntary buyers, usually at a cheaper price than compliance market RECs.

Marketers
RECs can be traded directly from buyer to seller, but third party marketers, brokers, or asset managers are commonly found in the marketplace. Renewable generation facilities will often sell their credits to these entities, who then resell them on the market at a later date.

Texas developed the first comprehensive RECs system in the U.S., a web-based platform that provides for the issuance, registration, trade, and retirement of RECs. The Texas REC Program, which only tracks renewable energy certificates, started operating in July 2001.

In the Western United States RECs are traded on the Western Renewable Energy Generation Information System (WREGIS) as part of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). The WECC encompasses 14 states, 2 Canadian provinces, and the northern Baja Mexico.

Prices
Prices depend on many factors, such as the vintage year the RECs were generated, location of the facility, whether there is a tight supply/demand situation, whether the REC is used for RPS compliance, even the type of power created. Solar renewable energy certificates or SRECs, for example, tend to be more valuable in the 16 states that have set aside a portion of the RPS specifically for solar energy. This differentiation is intended to promote diversity in the renewable energy mix which in an undifferentiated, competitive REC market, favors the economics and scale achieved by wind farms.

In the United States, spot prices for SRECs generally decreased from 2010 to 2014. In New Jersey, the spot price for a 2010 SREC was $665.04 in July 2010 and about $160 in May 2014 for SRECs generated in different years. In Delaware, the spot price for a 2010 SREC was $255 in July 2010 and about $50 in May 2014 for SRECs generated in different years. Rates for 2015 to 2017 RECS purchased have averaged between $0.15—$0.045 per kWh produced. In 2021, SREC prices range from $10 to over $400 depending on the state SREC market.

In Canada, 2008–09 BCHydro offers $3 /MWh for "green attributes", for long-term contracts, 20 plus years. Many Independent Power Producers (IPPs) believe that this is much less than "fair market value", but have no alternative.

While the value of RECs fluctuate, most sellers are legally obligated to "deliver" RECs to their customers within a few months of their generation date. Other organizations will sell as many RECs as possible and then use the funds to guarantee a specific fixed price per MWh generated by a future wind farm, for example, making the building of the wind farm a financially viable prospect. The income provided by RECs, and a long-term stabilized market for tags can generate the additional incentive needed to build renewable energy plants.

Certification
RECs are known under functionally equivalent names, such as Green Tags or Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs), depending on the market. The U.S. currently does not have a national registry of RECs issued. Though the Center for Resource Solutions and other groups claim to offer programs to prevent double counting, allowing two entities to take environmental credit for the same electricity is, in effect, the same. Under the Green-e Energy program, participants are required to submit to an annual Verification Process Audit of all eligible transactions to ensure the RECs meet the requirements for certification. The certification process requires 3rd party verification to be performed by an independent certified public accountant or a certified internal auditor. CRS maintains a list of auditors who meet the criteria to be listed on the program website. Increasingly RECs are being assigned unique ID numbers and tracked through regional tracking systems/registries such as WREGIS, NEPOOL, GATS, ERCOT, NYGATS, NAR, MIRECS, NC-RETS, NVTREC and M-RETS.

Qualifying technologies
The following generation technologies qualify as producers of RECs:
 * Solar electric
 * Wind
 * Geothermal
 * Low Impact Hydropower (small-run-of-the-river facilities, not ones that require large dams and reservoirs, or affecting river flows adversely.)
 * Biomass, biofuels and landfill to gas
 * Fuel cells (only if powered by hydrogen produced by one of the above approved generators, not from fossil fuels).
 * In some states, combined heat and power systems

Additionality
"Additionality" in the context of greenhouse gas (GHG) regulations means that a purchased renewable energy certificate introduces new renewable energy onto the electricity grid beyond what would have happened without the project or "business as usual". The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) favors performance-based measures of additionality, such as the megawatt-hour (MWh) equivalent per REC.

Critics argue "additionality" amounts to a subsidy for renewable energy, that business as usual (supply and demand) prevents unnecessary/duplicative renewable energy from being sold in some markets where overgeneration (excess supply in relation to demand) threatens grid reliability.

Whereas air and water pollution travels across state and national boundaries irrespective of its origin, the value of RECs and the emergence of RECs markets depend very much on the markets created state by state through legislative action to mandate a Renewable Portfolio Standard. Such a balkanized approach to establishing RECs markets and incentives state by state creates issues of equity as some states could legitimately claim that their neighboring states (and their electricity consumers) with voluntary RPS are operating as free riders of pollution prevention, paid for by states (and their electricity consumers) with mandatory RPS. We can learn from EPA's SOx and NOx cap and trade program regarding how the principle of additionality with a national standard provided a benchmark for measuring and validating the commodification of pollution prevention credits that lead to market-driven initiatives with proven results in improving regional and national air quality.

In states with a Renewable Portfolio Standard, a RECs purchase enables the utility company to meet its minimum renewable electricity percentage without having to install that renewable generating capacity itself, regardless of the source of generating renewable energy. By analogy, in the EPA cap and trade program, a "clean" utility in one state can sell its NOx credits to a "dirty" utility in another state that would otherwise have to install additional smokestack scrubbers.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency claims to have the highest percentage use of green power of any federal agency. In 2007, it offset the electricity use of 100% of its offices. The Air Force is the largest purchaser in the US government in absolute terms, purchasing 899,142 MWh worth of RECs. Among colleges and universities, the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia is the largest purchaser of RECs, buying 192,727 MWh of RECs from wind power. The corporate leader is Intel, with 1,302,040 MWh purchased in 2007, and the largest purchaser among retailers is Whole Foods, which purchased 509,104 MWH, or enough RECs to offset 100% of its electricity needs.

Research based on sample sets between 2004 and 2011 shows that Solar RECs purchased and retired voluntarily in the United States (i.e., not for compliance with a Renewable Portfolio Standard) do not lead to any significant additional renewable energy investment or generation. However, these findings may not be applicable given the changes in the REC market, such as supply, demand, efficiencies, and pricing dynamics.

Criticism
Critics have attacked renewable energy certificates/credits for allowing renewables producers to double-count the clean energy contribution of the energy they represent. By separating clean energy "attributes" from the energy itself, then selling them in the form of certificates to fossil fuel producers, they allow two entities to take clean-energy credit for the same electricity. Corresponding electricity from the fossil fuel producer is recorded as sourceless "null" energy, effectively scrubbing greenhouse gases emitted during its production from the record.

Though both sources are properly credited financially, double-counting permits states to report emissions as being up to 50% lower than they actually are, making claims of progress in meeting climate goals dubious. For renewables producers, selling the certificates may be in violation of federal law. Severin Borenstein, director of the Energy Institute at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business, writes, "If the certificates are stripped off...separately from the electricity, the FTC [Federal Trade Commission] says...it is deceptive for the TPO [third party owner] to advertise or tell solar buyers they are getting 'clean', 'renewable', or maybe even 'solar' electricity with their lease or power purchase agreement."


text:
Mike Ramsay

Mike Ramsay may refer to:
 * Mike Ramsay, candidate of the Liberal Party in the 2003 Ontario, Canada provincial election
 * Mike Ramsay, co-creator of TiVo and co-founder of the company, TiVo Inc.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mike Ramsay


text:
Kelly Doran

Kelly J. Doran (November 22, 1957 – December 28, 2023) was an American businessman in Minnesota who owned The Doran Group, an integrated real estate development company. Beginning in 2007, Doran developed more than 3,750 apartment and townhome units throughout the Twin Cities and Denver, Colorado. Doran ran for governor of Minnesota as a member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party, but ended his bid in March 2006.

Biography
Doran was born in Duluth, Minnesota, and was the youngest of four children. He was a graduate of the University of Minnesota, and received an MBA from what is now the Carlson School of Management at the University of Minnesota in 1982. Doran was a commercial lender for Bank of America for nine years. Prior to announcing his candidacy for the 2006 election, Doran was president of the Edina-based Robert Muir Company, a construction and development company. The company has developed over 3,000,000 square feet (300,000 m2) of retail space around the Twin Cities.

Doran made an unsuccessful bid for governor of Minnesota in the 2006 election, running as a pro-business centrist. He initially announced that he would run for the United States Senate, but later set his sights on the governor's office. His history of donating to Republicans became an issue during the race, and despite donating $1.85 million to his own campaign, Doran dropped out in March 2006.

After the election, Doran founded Doran Companies, a property development, construction, and management firm. The company has developed suburban commercial centers and high-end student housing, as well as several properties in the University of Minnesota campus area, including the renovation of Sydney Hall and the Minnesota Dinkydome complex. Other projects include the 412 Lofts, The Edge on Oak, The Knoll, and The Bridges. Doran Companies came under local fire in November 2012 when carpenters picketed at the company's offices and outside of Minneapolis City Hall in protest of the firm's labor practices.

In 2020, Doran sold his ownership shares in Doran Companies and created The Doran Group, a property development company focusing on multifamily luxury apartments and townhomes. His son, Evan Doran, serves as president.

Doran died from cancer on December 28, 2023, at the age of 66.

title: Kelly Doran


text: Category:Education in Newfoundland and Labrador


text: User talk:68.194.79.113

title: User talk:68.194.79.113


text:
Talk:CBME-FM

Callsign
The correct callsign is CBME-FM (all Canadian FM stations have a "-FM" suffix), but I don't want to move this article. (I hope there will some day be an article about CBM, which is why I moved that article to its correct callsign.)

Also, unless things have changed significantly in the last relicensing, CBME has no rebroadcasters. All of the CBC Radio One stations in southern Quebec except for CBME (and, arguably, CBO-FM, which transmits from Quebec even though it's licensed to Ottawa) are officially rebroadcasters of CBVE-FM, and the Quebec AM program originates (or at least used to) from the Quebec City studios at 900 Place d'Youville. (That set of stations used to be known, don't know if it still is, as the "Quebec Community Network".) With master control now centralized for all English radio in Toronto this distinction hardly matters except to pedants like me, especially now that the CRTC renews all of the CBC's broadcast licenses en bloc. 121a0012 01:39, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

The article should talk about CBME's impaired signal (by comparison to CBF-FM) and why it came about. This observer, at least, is puzzled as to why the broader-appeal Radio One service didn't take over CBM-FM on 93.5 and boot Radio Two tothe weaker 88.5 allotment. This should also fit in somehow with the move of CBL from 740 to 99.1 (as CBLA-FM) where a similar choice was made (although 99.1 is not as impaired as 88.5 is by a long shot), and the more general trend of CBC (and SRC) R1 stations to move from AM to FM across the country, and the even more general trend of termination of AM broadcasting in most Canadian communities.

Once that puzzle is solved, one can move on to the question about why, when CIQC and CKVL became CINW and CINF, respectively, they didn't take over the CBC's Brossard transmitter site, which is superior in every respect to those stations' current facilities at the old CIQC/CFCX site in Kahnawake. I've heard some rumors that the Brossard site was severely damaged in the ice storm of that year, and I know that CBME and (the current) CBF-FM were rushed to the air in response. (Again compare CBL, where the Hornby facility was leased to the new licensee on 740, CHWO.)121a0012 17:43, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Just for the record, Wikipedia has a pretty clear precedent that articles on broadcast stations should only include the -TV or -FM suffix if it's necessary as a disambiguator. So unless there's another CBME out there to distinguish this from, the article's proper title is CBME, not CBME-FM. (Which is also why I usually use "(radio)" as a disambiguator rather than "FM"; it's less confusing and more consistent than having a mix of CXXX and CXXX-FM jumbled together in the category. I don't think it's possible, for example, to write enough to actually justify having two separate articles for "CBE (AM)" and "CBE-FM", rather than simply combining the two under "CBE (radio)". Which means that if we stick with that, then the category jumbling gets even worse.)

 * Also, CBM (AM) should not have an article of its own separately from CBME; it is CBME's history and should properly be in CBME's article. Bearcat 00:01, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * No, actually, Wikipedia has a pretty clear precedent that articles on broadcast stations should use the callsign as assigned by the appropriate regulatory body. One would need to ask the CRTC and/or Industry Canada whether they consider the "-FM" and "-TV" suffixes (which all Canadian stations in those services carry) to be part of the callsign (as they are in the US) or just disambiguators.  121a0012 03:17, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * In my experience, articles on broadcast stations in North America are overwhelmingly titled by just their four-letter CXXX/WXXX/KXXX call sign with no suffix; titles that actually contain the TV or FM suffix are pretty few and far between, and almost always the result of a requirement to disambiguate. I did a quick review of several radio and television station categories, and my memory did serve; articles that include the FM or TV suffix in the title are vastly outnumbered by articles that don't. I suppose it's possible that the stated policy differs from what people really do in practice, but when policy and practice differ, "precedent" is normally defined by practice. I have no objection to changing my practice if that's what I'm supposed to do, but until now I've been going based on the way I've seen things actually being done. Bearcat 07:00, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * U.S. stations (unlike Canadian stations) have a choice about whether or not their callsigns end in "-FM" or "-TV", so one should probably not generalize from what may not be a legitimate example. (U.S. full-power stations with a suffix are outnumbered 78–22 in the FCC database by those that do not have one.)  I have done my best to fix those articles I have run across which have it wrong, but I haven't run across that many.  The situation with Canadian stations is different, and the same argument cuts both ways: because all FM and TV stations have the suffix, either every article title should as well (because that's part of the callsign) or none of them should (because it's redundant).  121a0012 00:04, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:CBCRadioOne.png
The image Image:CBCRadioOne.png is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --01:49, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:CBME-FM


text:
User:53XY-Zudobird

Yo, I'm tha Z to the U to the D to the Ohhh!

""Did you know?"" "Zudon" is Japanese for "Loud thud or bang."

title: User:53XY-Zudobird


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ameconspiracy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 23:14, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Ameconspiracy
No evidence of notability. --W(t) 01:41, 2005 May 29 (UTC)
 * Keep. We don't know enough about the subject to know whether or not it's notable yet, and the article is a day old. Let's not eat our young. — Phil Welch 02:21, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - fanfic? 4 google hits?  no article on the convention it parodies?  I'm thinking not. -- Jonel 02:38, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. --Sn0wflake 03:50, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. A quick look in Google tells us that it's not notable. Try again when you get ten thousand hits. -- Hoary 04:13, 2005 May 29 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity fanfic. Megan1967 04:54, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unlike Philwelch, I believe in nipping problems in the bud. --Xcali 05:33, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, how would waiting make this any more notable than it is now? RickK 05:51, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Quale 11:16, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It seems to be losing notability as time passes. Jayjg (talk)  15:09, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 06:54, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User:Vierstein

title: User:Vierstein


text:
The Olden Domain

The Olden Domain is the second studio album by Norwegian heavy metal band Borknagar, and their first to feature English lyrics. It also marks the beginning of the band's transition to their trademark progressive/folk/black metal sound featured on later records.

This would be the band's last studio album to feature Kristoffer Rygg on vocals. It is also their first album to feature Kai K. Lie on bass, replacing Infernus.

Personnel

 * Kristoffer Rygg (credited as "Fiery G. Maelstrom") – vocals
 * Øystein G. Brun – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
 * Kai K. Lie – bass guitar
 * Ivar Bjørnson – keyboards, synthesizer, sound effects
 * Erik Brødreskift – drums, percussion

Production

 * Borknagar - production, arrangements
 * Matthias Klinkmann - engineer
 * Eroc - mixing
 * Christophe Szpajdel – logo

title: The Olden Domain


text:
Stephanie Pace Marshall

Stephanie Anne Pace Marshall (born July 19, 1945), is an American educator and the founding president of the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy.

Education
Stephanie Anne Pace was born to Dominick Martin and Anne (née Price) Pace in the Bronx, New York on July 19, 1945, and grew up in the New York City area. She graduated from East Meadow High School in 1963. Pace attended Muhlenberg College from 1963 to 1965 before transferring to Queens College, City University of New York where she completed a B.A. in education and sociology in 1967. In 1971, she earned an M.A. in curriculum philosophy from the University of Chicago. In January 1983, she completed a Ph.D. in Educational Administration and Industrial Relations from Loyola University Chicago. Her dissertation was titled, An analysis of the profile, roles, functions, and behavior of women on boards of education in DuPage County, Illinois. Marshall's doctoral advisor was Melvin P. Heller.

Career
Marshall was a schoolteacher in elementary and junior high schools in Alsip, Illinois. She taught graduate courses at the National Louis University. In 1976, Marshall became assistant superintended for instruction for Batavia Public School District 101. From 1983 to 1985, She served as Batavia's superintendent.

Marshall served as president of the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy from its 1985 founding until 2007. She was president of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD).

Her philosophy of education was influenced by anthropologist Margaret Mead and educators Ernie Boyer and Elliot Eisner.

Awards and honors
Marshall was inducted as a laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and received the Order of Lincoln Award in the area of education from the Governor of Illinois in 2005. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. She was awarded honorary degrees from Illinois Wesleyan University, Aurora University, and North Central College.

Personal life
Marshall was married to educator Robert Dean Marshall before his death in 2014.

title: Stephanie Pace Marshall


text:
Talk:Caravan park

How is this different from a campground?

 * A campground is an area primarily used by travellers/ tourists to pitch tents. Caravan parks encompass a range of distinct accommodation uses, as described in the article. Fitzpatrickjm 09:37, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

This page needs to be merged with the article on RV park which is simply the same thing in North American English. Does anyone know how to do this?Dickpenn 10:45, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Will propose merger. --Rehcsif 16:41, 24 September 2007 (UTC
 * Article now redirects to RV park, seeing there was little, if any, additional content here, save the terminology difference. --Rehcsif 18:58, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Caravan park


text:
Talk:Bob Evans (racing driver)

Untitled
The restaurant entry is cramping the race car driver's style.
 * Fixed.  young  american  (ahoy hoy) 14:55, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bob Evans (racing driver)


text:
Tom DeMarco

Tom DeMarco (born August 20, 1940) is an American software engineer, author, and consultant on software engineering topics. He was an early developer of structured analysis in the 1970s.

Early life and education
Tom DeMarco was born in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. He received a BSEE degree in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University, a M.S. from Columbia University, and a diplôme from the University of Paris.

Career
DeMarco started working at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1963, where he participated in ESS-1 project to develop the first large scale Electronic Switching System, which became installed in telephone offices all over the world. Later in the 1960s he started working for a French IT consulting firm, where he worked on the development of a conveyor system for the new merchandise mart at La Villette in Paris, and in the 1970s on the development of on-line banking systems in Sweden, Holland, France and New York.

In the 1970s DeMarco was one of the major figures in the development of structured analysis and structured design in software engineering. In January 1978 he published Structured Analysis and System Specification, a major milestone in the field.

In the 1980s with Tim Lister, Stephen McMenamin, John F. Palmer, James Robertson and Suzanne Robertson, he founded the consulting firm "The Atlantic Systems Guild" in New York. The Guild developed into a New York- and London-based consulting company specializing in methods and management of software development.

DeMarco has lectured and consulted throughout the Americas, Europe, Africa, Australia and the Far East.

He is a member of the ACM and a Fellow of the IEEE. He lives in Camden, Maine, and is a principal of the Atlantic Systems Guild, and a fellow and Senior Consultant of the Cutter Consortium. DeMarco was the 1986 recipient of the Warnier Prize for "lifetime contribution to the field of computing", and the 1999 recipient of the Stevens Award for "contribution to the methods of software development".

Tech and Business Books

 * Peopleware: Productive Projects and Teams with co-author Tim Lister, Addison-Wesley Professional; 3 edition (July 1, 2013)
 * Slack: Getting Past Burnout, busywork, and the Myth of Total Effiiency Random House, Broadway Books Division, 2001.

 * Happy to Work Here: Understanding and Improving the Culture at Work with co-authors Tim Lister, Peter Hruschka, Steve McMenamin and Suzanne Robertson. New Atlantic (2021)

 * Adrenaline Junkies and Template Zombies: Understanding Patterns of Project Behavior with co-authors Tim Lister, Peter Hruschka, Steve McMenamin and Suzanne Robertson, Dorset House (March, 2008). Winner of the 2009 Jolt Award.

 * Waltzing With Bears: Managing Risk on Software Projects with co-author, Tim Lister, Dorset House (March 2003). Winner of the 2004 Jolt Award.

 * The Deadline: A Novel About Project Management. New York: Dorset House Press, 1997.Winner of the 1998 Jolt Award.

 * Why Does Software Cost So Much? (And Other Puzzles of the Information Age). New York: Dorset House, 1995.

 * Controlling Software Projects: Management, Measurement and Estimation.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982.

 * Concise Notes on Software Engineering.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1980.

 * Structured Analysis and System Specification.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1979.

 * Software State of the Art: Selected Papers of the 1980s  Editor (with co-editor, Tim Lister).  New York: Dorset House, 1990.

Mainstream Fiction

 * The One-Way Time Traveler. Artful Press, 2019.
 * A Ruby Beam of Light. Double Dragon Publishing, 2016.
 * Airship Nation. Double Dragon Publishing, 2016.
 * Als auf der Welt das Licht ausging. Carl Hanser Verlag, 2015.
 * Dark Harbor House (a comic novel). Down East Books, 2001.
 *  Lieutenant America and Miss Apple Pie (short story collection) Down East Books, 2003.

title: Tom DeMarco


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Oracle Newspaper

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was MERGE to University of South Florida. --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 23:48, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The Oracle Newspaper
Student newspaper. --W(t) 01:45, 2005 May 29 (UTC)
 * Delete Notability not established, promotion only.
 * Delete nn Xcali 01:46, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but rename to Oracle (Newspaper) or Oracle (Student Newspaper). I have been convinced by FCYTravis to change my vote to merge into University of South Florida.  In any case, Wikipedia is not paper. -SocratesJedi | Talk 02:18, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Wikipedia contains entries on other, smaller school newspapers. -Atsquish
 * Merge into University of South Florida until enough information is gathered to make this more than a stub. --FCYTravis 02:34, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with University of South Florida for the time being. --Sn0wflake 03:48, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, promo. Megan1967 04:55, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge -per what FCYTravis said -CunningLinguist 06:50, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge Eixo 07:26, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge the circulation number into University of South Florida. Everything else is already in the parent article.  Quale 11:20, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. As Quale said, I have already mentioned The Oracle in the USF article months ago. Mike H 17:24, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. Reminds me to add the school paper to my own Uni's page. :-) -- BD2412  talk  01:15, 2005 May 30 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Two Solitudes

The term Two Solitudes may refer to:

 * Two Solitudes (novel), a 1945 novel by Hugh MacLennan
 * Two Solitudes Derby (aka Canadian Classique and 401 Derby), soccer rivalry between clubs Toronto FC and CF Montréal, named after the novel
 * Two Solitudes (film), 1978 motion picture written and directed by Lionel Chetwynd, based on the 1945 novel
 * Two Solitudes (Canadian society), the relationship between English-speaking and French-speaking Canadians
 * "Two Solitudes" (short story), a 1995 email story by Carl Steadman
 * "Two Solitudes", a 1987 song by Level 42 on their album Running in the Family

title: Two Solitudes


text:
Martil

Martil (مرتيل) is a town in Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco. It is located on the Mediterranean Sea northeast of Tetouan.

The name Martil comes from the Spanish name of Río Martín at the time of the Spanish protectorate of Northern Morocco. To the north is the golfing resort of Cabo Negro.

title: Martil


text:
Hjalmar Nygaard (politician)

Hjalmar Carl Nygaard (March 24, 1906 – July 18, 1963) was an American politician. He represented North Dakota in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican from 1961 until his death in 1963.

Background
Nygaard was born on a farm near Sharon, Steele County, North Dakota. He was one of eight children born to Carl Nygaard and Anna Karene Grimson who had relocated from Decorah, Iowa. He attended the public schools of Sharon, Mayville State Teachers College and the University of North Dakota.

Career
Nygaard taught in the rural schools of Emmons and Steele counties from 1932 to 1935 and was engaged in the grocery and hardware businesses from 1936 to 1960.

He served as mayor of Sharon and as a member of the school board and then as member of the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1949 to 1960. He served as majority leader of that body in 1955 and 1957 and as speaker in 1959. He was a member of the National Monument Commission from 1961 to 1963.

On July 18, 1963, Nygaard entered the United States Capitol office of Dr. George W. Calver, physician to Congress, complaining of chest pains. Nygaard then died of a heart attack in Calver's office. He was buried in City Cemetery in Enderlin, North Dakota.

title: Hjalmar Nygaard (politician)


text:
Longueuil Chevaliers

The Longueuil Chevaliers ("Cavaliers") were a junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, playing in Longueuil, Quebec, Canada at Colisée Jean Béliveau. They were founded in 1982 and set a Canadian Hockey League record for the most successful season ever by an expansion franchise, going 37-29-4 under the coaching of Jacques Lemaire. Longueuil reached the league finals for the President's Cup in both of their first two seasons. The Chevaliers finished runners-up both times losing to greater Montreal rival teams, the Verdun Juniors in 1983, and the Laval Voisins in 1984.

Longueuil failed to qualify for the playoffs in their next two seasons, but in returned to the playoffs in 1987 coached by Guy Chouinard. The team started the season with Guy Lapointe as general manager, who was promoted to assistant coach with the Quebec Nordiques mid-season. Lapointe was then replaced with Michel Larocque. The Chevaliers survived the round-robin to start the post-season, then faced the Laval Titan in the division finals. Laval won the first three games then Longueuil came back, winning four consecutive games and the series. Returning to the league finals, the Chevaliers defeated the Chicoutimi Saguenéens. The Chevaliers travelled to Oshawa, Ontario to compete in the 1987 Memorial Cup versus the host Oshawa Generals and the Medicine Hat Tigers, finishing in third place.

However, low attendance doomed the team to failure and they moved to Victoriaville in 1987, becoming the Victoriaville Tigres. The team was owned by Gilles Lupien.

NHL alumni
Ten alumni who played for Longueuil in the QMJHL also played in the NHL. • Marc Bureau

• J. J. Daigneault

• Martin Desjardins

• Donald Dufresne

• Daniel Gauthier

• Luc Gauthier

• Andre Racicot

• Yves Racine

• Daniel Shank

• Ronnie Stern

title: Longueuil Chevaliers


text:
Separate peace

A separate peace is a nation's agreement to cease military hostilities with another even though the former country had previously entered into a military alliance with other states that remain at war with the latter country. For example, at the start of the First World War, Russia was a member, like the United Kingdom and France, of the Triple Entente, which went to war with the Central Powers formed by Germany and Austria-Hungary, later joined by the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. After the abdication of Nicholas II during the February Revolution and the subsequent Russian Provisional Government's overthrow by the Bolsheviks during the October Revolution, Russia defaulted on its commitments to the Triple Entente by signing a separate peace with Germany and its allies in 1917. This armistice was followed on March 3, 1918, by the formal signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

During the Second World War, after 1941, when the Soviets were allied with the British and the Americans, to the end of the war in 1945, both sides suspected the other of seeking separate peace with Germany, though this did not occur.

An earlier important example is the Franco-Dutch War of 1672, which France and England entered together, but from which the English withdrew unilaterally by a separate peace with the Dutch, the Treaty of Westminster (1674).

Legal obligations not to conclude separate peace
It is customary, in cases of war waged by several allies, to reach a peace accord or declaration with the agreement of all parties to the alliance, instead of creating a separate peace with opposing forces. An example of such an undertaking was included in the alliance treaty concluded between the Papal States, Burgundy and Venice, concluded in Rome in 1463. The parties undertook to launch a crusade against the Turks and to refrain from making peace with the Sultan without the consent of all three parties. Such was the case during the First and Second World Wars.

A declaration to that effect was issued on September 4, 1914, by the British, French and Russian governments, which briefly stated The British, French, and Russian Governments mutually engage not to conclude peace separately during the present war. The three Governments agree that when terms of peace come to be discussed, no one of the allies will demand conditions of peace without the previous agreement of each of the other allies.

The Japanese government acceded to this declaration on October 19, 1915.

On November 30, 1915, the same four governments, now joined by the Italian government, issued a similar joint declaration regarding avoiding separate peace.

The obligation to refrain from separate peace was also made during the Second World War in both camps. The Tripartite Pact between the German, Italian and Japanese governments committed the three to prosecute the war together. On the Allied camp, that obligation was contained in the United Nations Declaration of January 1, 1942.

A similar obligation arose within the Arab League, in the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict, not to reach any separate peace treaty with the Israeli government, in order to assure that a collective arrangement would take into consideration the interests of all Arab states plus the Palestinians. The Egyptian government under Anwar Sadat acted in contrast to that rule when it decided to conclude a separate peace treaty in 1979.

title: Separate peace


text:
Ontario Liberal Party candidates in the 2003 Ontario provincial election

The Ontario Liberal Party is a political party in the Canadian province of Ontario.

The party governed the province from 1871 to 1905, 1934 to 1943 and 1985 to 1990. It returned to power in 2003 by winning a majority government in that year's provincial election.

The Liberals ran a full slate of 103 candidates in the 2003 election, seventy-two of whom were elected. Several candidates have their own biography pages. Information about others may be found here.

Candidates

 * Algoma—Manitoulin: Mike Brown
 * Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Aldershot: Ted McMeekin
 * Barrie—Simcoe—Bradford: Mike Ramsay
 * Beaches—East York: Monica Purdy
 * Burlington: Mark Fuller
 * Lanark—Carleton: Marianne Wilkinson
 * Nepean—Carleton: Rod Vanier
 * Ottawa Centre: Richard Patten
 * Ottawa—Orléans: Phil McNeely
 * Ottawa South: Dalton McGuinty
 * Ottawa—Vanier: Madeleine Meilleur
 * Ottawa West—Nepean: Jim Watson
 * Trinity—Spadina: Nellie Pedro


text:
User:Girolamo Savonarola

If you are trying to reach me through email, please be aware that I check my account somewhat infrequently, so if you need an immediate response, you might want to notify me on my talk page here that I have off-wiki messages.

...
After four terms as a coordinator for WikiProject Films (three of them as the lead), the time has come to return to my "roots" editing articles that are covered by what is now the Filmmaking task force. I anticipate it may take some time before I return to my pre-coordinator level of articlespace editing, but I heartily look forward to adding a few more FAs to my wall! :) In the meantime, I plan on a hiatus of indeterminate length, although rest assured I will still be lurking around...

Supplemental watchlists

 * /list
 * /dps

Things I think are often forgotten

 * Red links are not scarlet letters. On the contrary, they're good - provided that they are relevant to the context and should exist. How else are we supposed to identify needed articles?
 * Silence implies consent, assuming that sufficient notice has been given to the community.
 * Learn what Ignore All Rules means before you decide to ignore all rules. (The short-short version: it's probably better called "don't worry about all the rules".)

Scratchpad

 * matte
 * rotj (actually all AC articles for SW)
 * formats infobox template
 * Film stock
 * camera comparison chart

title: User:Girolamo Savonarola


text:
Caleta

Caleta may refer to:

People

 * Duje Ćaleta-Car (born 1996), Croatian professional footballer

Places

 * Caleta Chaihuín, a coastal hamlet in Corral, Chile
 * Caleta Córdoba, a small village in Chubut, Argentina
 * Caleta Olivia, a coastal city in Argentina
 * Caleta Tortel, a coastal village in Chile
 * Caleta de Carquin District, in Huaura Province, Peru
 * Caleta de Fuste, a community on the Canary Island of Fuerteventura; Antigua, Las Palmas, Spain
 * Caleta de Sebo, a settlement on the Canary Island of Graciosa; part of Teguise, Spain
 * La Caleta, Spain, a beach in Cádiz, Spain
 * La Caleta, Tenerife, a village in Adeje province, Tenerife, Spain
 * Las Caletas, a beach near Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico
 * Catalan Bay, a bay and fishing village in Gibraltar, known colloquially as La Caleta
 * La Caleta Airport, an airport in La Romana, Dominican Republic
 * Punta Caleta, the easternmost point of Cuba

Nature

 * Caleta (butterfly), a butterfly genus
 * Caleta caleta, a blue butterfly species
 * Caleta decidia, a blue butterfly species

title: Caleta


text:
Talk:Hjalmar Nygaard (politician)

Untitled
Information comes from. Because this is a U.S. Government publication, the text is considered to be in the public domain. FreplySpang (talk) 01:50, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hjalmar Nygaard (politician)


text:
Kansas City Outlaws

The Kansas City Outlaws were a minor professional ice hockey team that played in the United Hockey League (UHL) for the 2004–05 season. They played their home games at Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri.

Overview
The Kansas City metropolitan area had a long history of being home to professional hockey teams prior to the Outlaws. From 1927 to 1942, the area had an organization in the American Hockey Association (AHA) known at various times as the Kansas City Pla-Mors, Greyhounds, and Americans. After WWII, the organization returned in the AHA's successor, the United States Hockey League (USHL), as the Kansas City Pla-Mors, Kansas City Mohawks, and Royals from 1945 to 1951. In 1967, the Kansas City Blues joined the Central Hockey League (CHL) from 1967 to 1972, but ceased operations when the Kansas City Scouts of the National Hockey League was awarded as an expansion team in the newly built Kemper Arena. The Scouts played from 1974 to 1976, but relocated and the Blues returned and played for one more season in the CHL before being renamed as the Kansas City Red Wings until 1979. Professional hockey did not return until 1990 when the Kansas City Blades were added in the International Hockey League (IHL) until 2001 when the league folded.

In July 2004, the United Hockey League (UHL) awarded a Kansas City franchise to Stephen Franke, co-owner of the UHL's Fort Wayne Komets, for the upcoming 2004–05 season. The Outlaws were coached by Darryl Williams. Joe Bucchino, formerly of the Boston Bruin and New York Ranger organizations, served as General Manager. Richard Adler was the team president, responsible for day-to-day business operations.

Rob Schweyer was named the team's first captain, but when he left the team following an injury, player/assistant coach Jason Ruff received the captain designation. Ruff went on to lead the Outlaws in scoring. The Outlaws began their lone season by winning back-to-back home games against cross-state rival Missouri River Otters on October 15 and October 16, 2004, and earning a 5–1 record in the first two weeks. From then on, the team finished last in the Western Division with a record of 28–45–7 (wins, losses and overtime losses).

Star players for the Outlaws included Ruff, goaltender Maxime Gingras, winger Joe Seroski, defenseman Matthieu Descoteaux, winger Jimmy Callahan and center Mark Lee. Lee started his professional tenure with the Outlaws, which jump started his career in the American Hockey League and the ECHL.

The team struggled to attract fans as the reported attendance was "around 2,800" per game according to team officials. The team played their final game, an 8–1 win over the Komets on April 10, 2005. Following the finale, it was reported three days later that a local printing company, Superior Color Graphics LLC, had filed a lawsuit for non-payment against the team. The lawsuit was reported to be in totaling $45,777.56. The lawsuit was eventually dismissed. Around this time rumors began to circulate the team would move to Toledo, Ohio, the following season. On April 15, 2005, the team suspended operations and officially folded, leaving Kansas City without a professional hockey team once again.

Since the Outlaws' folding, NHL exhibition games have continued to be been held in the city at the Sprint Center, which opened in downtown Kansas City in 2007 with the goal of landing an NHL or NBA team. While NHL teams have threatened to move to Kansas City, none have done so. In 2009, the Kansas City area got another minor professional team in the Missouri Mavericks of the new Central Hockey League in nearby Independence, Missouri, at the Independence Events Center.

Notable former players
• Travis Banga

• Darren Banks

• François Caron

• Matthieu Descoteaux

• Maxime Gingras

• Gerry Hickey

• Derek Kern

• Mark Lee

• Jason Ruff Source:

title: Kansas City Outlaws


text:
User talk:B787

Welcome
Hi and welcome to wikipedia. I noticed you had a blank talk page, so I decided to welcome you. I hope you like it and decide to stay. Here are some handy links for newcomers. Also you can sign your name on talk pages and vote pages with three tildes like this, and your name with a time stamp with four like this ~. Howabout1 01:51, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
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 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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 * Manual of Style
 * Help pages
 * Village pump
 * help desk
 * Wiquette

title: User talk:B787


text:
User talk:Pbhayani

Welcome
Hi and welcome to wikipedia. I noticed you had a blank talk page, so I decided to welcome you. I hope you like it and decide to stay. Here are some handy links for newcomers. Also you can sign your name on talk pages and vote pages with three tildes like this, and your name with a time stamp with four like this ~. Howabout1 01:51, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Welcome
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Help pages
 * Village pump
 * help desk
 * Wiquette

Stephanie Pace Marshall
Heyas, great job on your recent addition of Stephanie Pace Marshall. I was wondering if you might be able to tell me where you found the image of her so that we can post source data for other editors? You can reply by editing my talk page. Thanks and welcome to the community! -SocratesJedi | Talk 03:37, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes...can you please tell us where you got the image? I just listed it as no source. I don't know if you still come one here :\ — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  03:20, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Problem solved with José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
I have to apologize because I have discovered today it was me who reverted your edits in the Foreign policy and Domestic Policy parts of the article. I am very sorry because it was a total unintentional act. As you can see in the history page of the article, on 21 June 2005 I made first a little fix in the "Same-sex marriage" section. I made a mistake (I don't remember what exactly) and I tried to fix it with a minor edit. I suppose I had opened another window with a previous version of the article and, without intending it, that was what I saved.

I have already recovered your version which, as I already said, I think is a good contribution to the article.

Again, I am very sorry for everything and I hope you will continue to help improve the article. (Thank you for your patience) Zapatancas 30 June 2005 15:02 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Entelechyfront.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Entelechyfront.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

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Image copyright problem with Image:Trib.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Trib.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 15:59, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:WILHELM DAVID.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:WILHELM DAVID.JPG. I notice the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this file yourself, then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use it on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you did not create the file yourself, then you need to specify where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Nv8200p talk 00:45, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Imsalogo.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Imsalogo.png. You've indicated that the image is being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why it meets Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for each article the image is used in.
 * That every article it is used on is linked to from its description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --FairuseBot (talk) 01:52, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Imsalogo.png
 Thanks for uploading File:Imsalogo.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk ) 05:30, 19 December 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:00, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pbhayani


text:
User talk:Freenotfurry

Welcome
Hi and welcome to wikipedia. I noticed you had a blank talk page, so I decided to welcome you. I hope you like it and decide to stay. Here are some handy links for newcomers. Also you can sign your name on talk pages and vote pages with three tildes like this, and your name with a time stamp with four like this ~. Howabout1 01:52, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Welcome
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Help pages
 * Village pump
 * help desk
 * Wiquette

Hey!
Good to see you on here. My wiki time has been a lot of trial and error... but it is a great way to waste time. The best advise I can give is: when you see something you like, go to 'edit' and see the code. If you know a little about coding like me, you can copy slice and dice to get what you want.

Userboxes
I assume you are referring to userboxes. They are neat, huh? First off, you need a Babel. This has your languages spoken. Then you can add serious and/or silly ones. The best place to start is Userboxes/Gallery. They will all be in a format like, and you just copy that and paste it to your userpage, then you get:  It's that easy. Formatting is still a little tricky, as you can tell from the big open spaces on my page.

P.S.
I added a Table of contents to your page... hope you like it! --Qfl247 (talk) 20:58, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Freenotfurry


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/512DevOS

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 23:15, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

512DevOS
No evidence of notability. --W(t) 01:52, 2005 May 29 (UTC)
 * Keep. Article is five days old, let's not eat our young. — Phil Welch 02:19, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - The linked site's hit counter is <1000. No Google hits.  Please provide evidence of notability, if any. -- Jonel 02:41, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep allow time for the article to grow. Megan1967 04:55, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not notable. Google finds no reference to it.  Article all but admits software does not exist.  WP is not a crystal ball. --Xcali 05:31, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, the age of the article has no bearing on whether or not the subject is notable. RickK 05:52, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The article is still being written.  Almafeta 06:46, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep since more info seems to be coming, allow it to grow -CunningLinguist 06:51, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Since when is the age of an article any indication that it should be kept or not? The subject is what matters, and if the subject is not notable, adding more cruft is not going to make it more so. Please vote on the basis of whether or not the subject is notable, not on "give it a chance". RickK 07:07, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable.  I don't care how long the article gets, the subject is currently of no encyclopedic interest whatsoever.  The board forums on the home site have only 34 posts total.  The "give the article some time" votes are very discouraging.  How about we give 512DevOS some time to become notable before we write it up in WP?  It's currently at version 0.1. Quale 11:05, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with Quale, and delete. Radiant_* 14:30, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Dozens of such OSes are created and abandoned after short time. Until it gets longer history it is nothing notable. Pavel Vozenilek 00:36, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unencyclopedic. CDC   (talk)  01:08, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I wouldnt dismiss notability out of hand. JamesBurns 06:55, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - it's one guy's personal project and is of no current significance. -- Cyrius|✎ 22:56, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It seems to be non-notable and is still under major construction. Kel-nage 23:03, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this not-particularly-notable, incomplete, personal project operating system. --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 23:51, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Rockford IceHogs (UHL)

The Rockford IceHogs were a minor professional ice hockey team in Rockford, Illinois. They were a member of the United Hockey League from 1999 to 2007. The IceHogs played their home games at the MetroCentre. In 2007, the name and logo were purchased and applied to the current American Hockey League franchise. After the transfer of the name and logo to the AHL franchise was complete, the UHL IceHogs ceased operations.

The IceHogs began play in October 1999. The team name, IceHogs, was selected during a "name-the-team" contest. The team came to Rockford when United Sports Ventures bought the rights of the Thunder Bay Thunder Cats UHL franchise, one of the original franchises in the Colonial Hockey League in 1991 as the Thunder Bay Thunder Hawks. On October 23, 2002, Tri Vision Sports purchased the franchise from United Sports Ventures.

The IceHogs and Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League signed an affiliation agreement on December 13, 2005. The IceHogs supplied players to Nashville's primary affiliate, the Milwaukee Admirals of the American Hockey League. The IceHogs hired Steve Martinson as head coach for the 2004–05 season, and he led the IceHogs to their best season in franchise history, winning their first division championship. The IceHogs were also named the 2004–05 and 2005–06 UHL Member Franchise of the Year for the club's success on and off the ice. During the 2006–07 season, the IceHogs played in the UHL's Western Division with the Quad City Mallards, Chicago Hounds, Bloomington PrairieThunder, and Fort Wayne Komets. The Ice Hogs won their only Colonial Cup in game seven at home on May 24, 2007, by a score of 3–1 against the Kalamazoo Wings.

Every year the team held a "Jersey Night" during which the team wore a special, one-off alternate jersey and auctioned them off for charity. Many of the alternate jerseys were related to cultural icons such as Elvis Presley and St. Patrick's Day, or were autographed by Rockford-area celebrities such as Rick Nielsen.

The UHL IceHogs were replaced by an American Hockey League team of the same name for the 2007–08 season. The MetroCentre purchased the IceHogs name and logo from Tri Vision Sports and applied them to the new AHL franchise. The new team had also signed a ten-year player development contract with the Chicago Blackhawks.

Season-by-season results
Season results were compiled from hockeydb.com and Pointstreak.com.

title: Rockford IceHogs (UHL)


text:
Hold Me to This

Hold Me to This: Christopher O'Riley Plays Radiohead is the second tribute album by classical pianist Christopher O'Riley of songs by the rock band Radiohead, the first being True Love Waits. Like O'Riley's earlier album, Hold Me To This surveys a broad range of Radiohead's work, producing piano arrangements of complex tracks such as "2 + 2 = 5," "Like Spinning Plates" and "Paranoid Android."

Track listing
All songs by Radiohead (Colin Greenwood, Jonny Greenwood, Ed O'Brien, Phil Selway, and Thom Yorke), arrangements by Christopher O'Riley.
 * 1) "There There" – 4:05
 * 2) "(Nice Dream)" – 3:40
 * 3) "No Surprises" – 3:26
 * 4) "Polyethylene Part 2" – 3:03
 * 5) "How I Made My Millions" – 3:22
 * 6) "Like Spinning Plates" – 3:31
 * 7) "Sail to the Moon" – 3:54
 * 8) "The Tourist" – 4:10
 * 9) "Cuttooth" – 5:11
 * 10) "2 + 2 = 5" – 3:16
 * 11) "Talk Show Host" – 7:10
 * 12) "Gagging Order" – 3:19
 * 13) "Paranoid Android" – 5:37
 * 14) "Street Spirit (Fade Out)" – 5:02

title: Hold Me to This


text:
Talk:Hold Me to This

Fair use rationale for Image:Hold-me-to-this.jpg
Image:Hold-me-to-this.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:19, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hold Me to This


text: User talk:67.182.24.21

title: User talk:67.182.24.21


text:
Flint Generals

The Flint Generals were a minor professional ice hockey team based in Flint, Michigan. They were a member of the International Hockey League and played their home games at the Industrial Mutual Association (IMA) Sports Arena. The Generals won two league championship Colonial Cups in the Colonial Hockey League and United Hockey League.

History
Flint had been home to minor professional hockey in some incarnation since 1969, except a one-year break in the 1990–91 season. This incarnation of the Flint Generals came about in the 1993–94 season after the Colonial Hockey League's (CoHL) Flint Bulldogs owner Skip Probst moved the Bulldogs from Flint to Utica, New York. The following summer, Dr. Khaled M. Shukairy was granted an expansion franchise in the CoHL to play in Flint.

After a fan vote, "Generals" had been voted on by the fans to be the name of the new franchise after the original Generals' team that relocated to Saginaw in 1985. Flint won their first Colonial Cup against the Thunder Bay Senators in the 1995–96 season, in which the Generals claimed the championship in a six-game upset and won the final game by a score of 9–0. This team included such players as Kevin Kerr, who would later break the all time minor league hockey scoring record and coach the Generals; Robin Bouchard, who was traded early the next season in a lopsided trade that did not favor the Generals; Andrei Mezin, the goalie who would go on to play for his native Belarus in the Olympics and upset Sweden; and female goaltender, Erin Whitten.

The second Colonial Cup came in a 4–0 sweep of the Generals rival, the Quad City Mallards, in 2000. The Generals were coached by former NHL player Doug Shedden and included former NHL players Bobby Reynolds, Mark Major, and Nick Stajduhar, as well as two 100 point scorers in Ross Wilson and Don Parsons, UHL Defenseman of the Year Gary Roach, late season additions Cory Cyrenne and Vladmir Serov, and goalie Mark Richards. Serov and Cyrenne totaled 60 points in 37 regular season games, and in the 2000 finals, Serov scored the game-winning goal with 50 seconds left in game three, and the game-winning goal with 3:52 left in game four to preserve the victories for the Generals.

After several years of mediocre hockey and questionable ownership, the Generals finished the 2009–10 season on a hot streak, clinching the final Turner Cup playoff berth on the final day of the season. The Generals faced the Muskegon Lumberjacks in the first round of the Turner Cup playoffs, and after falling behind three games to one, came back to win the series in seven games. The Generals then fell to the Fort Wayne Komets in a five-game series; the Generals only win in the series was a 7–6 overtime win in Game 3. Despite the turnaround in 2009–10 and rumors of more stable ownership taking over, the Generals folded when Perani Arena management decided to give the arena lease to the junior Michigan Warriors of the North American Hockey League.

Retired numbers

 * #1 — Bob Perani
 * #5 — Stephan Brochu
 * #16 — Doug Manchak
 * #20 — Kevin Kerr
 * #77 — Brett MacDonald

title: Flint Generals


text: User talk:69.115.115.236

title: User talk:69.115.115.236


text:
High Spirits (musical)

High Spirits is a musical with a book, lyrics, and music by Hugh Martin and Timothy Gray, based on the play Blithe Spirit by Noël Coward, about a man coping with the ghost of his dead wife.

Martin and Gray adhered closely to Coward's original text, while expanding the medium's character to the star role, initially calling the show Faster Than Sound. The playwright was delighted with their adaptation and agreed to direct it himself.

Productions
The musical opened on Broadway at the Alvin Theatre on April 7, 1964, and closed on February 27, 1965, after 375 performances and 14 previews. Gower Champion aided Coward in directing the musical. Fred Werner was music director, scenic and costumes design were by Robert Fletcher, lighting design was by Jules Fisher, and Tammy Grimes' costume was by Valentina. The production was nominated for eight Tony Awards, but did not win any. Other major musical nominees that same year (1964) were Funny Girl and Hello, Dolly! and most major Tony wins went to the latter.

Originally, Coward had mentally cast Keith Michell as Charles, Gwen Verdon as Elvira, Celeste Holm as Ruth, and Kay Thompson as Madame Arcati, with Bob Fosse as director. Coward's dream cast failed to materialize, but he continued with the project.

An original cast recording of the Broadway cast was released on the ABC-Paramount label and the subsequent CD by MCA.

Coward also directed the West End production, which opened in November 1964 at the Savoy Theatre, where it ran for just 93 performances. A London cast album was released by Pye Records, for whom Coward himself also recorded four numbers from the show: "Something Tells Me", "If I Gave You", "Forever and a Day", and "Home Sweet Heaven". Cicely Courtneidge accepted the role of Madame Arcati. This was an unhappy episode in her career. Coward himself co-directed, and the two clashed constantly in rehearsal. Courtneidge later said, "Everyone does adore him – me included – but he's hell to work with, and I never want to do anything else with him. I'd have to be starving, I really would." After the opening night, Coward wrote in his diary, "Cis also got some well-deserved cracks for vulgarizing Madame Arcati, and serve her bloody well right." The notices for the piece were dreadful, and those for Courtneidge's performance scarcely better: The Guardian wrote of "a woeful excess of underplay", and The Observer commented, "The sight of Cicely Courtneidge hamming it until she drops in purple harem knickers with diamanté cycle clips isn't honestly hilarious enough to carry the evening."

42nd Street Moon in San Francisco, California presented a staged concert version of the musical in August, 1997 and in March and April 2009.

Act 1
Hampstead Heath, in the north of London, claims as two of its more distinguished residents the best-selling author of mystery novels, Charles Condomine, and his second wife, Ruth. They are preparing to entertain at dinner, and Madame Arcati is expected later to conduct one of her famous séances. After dinner Madame Arcati breezes in on her bicycle, explains the details of the forthcoming séance, and begins the session to communicate with a spirit in the unknown. The spirit is Charles’ late wife, Elvira, whose voice is audible only to Charles. Unexpectedly, Elvira, clad in a greenish cloud-like garment, flies across the room, unseen by the guests. Charles sees Elvira and has a lengthy conversation with her. He even tries to introduce her to Ruth, who is upset, thinking her husband has gone slightly daffy. Ruth storms out of the room, leaving Charles with Elvira. The next morning at breakfast, Ruth feels that Charles’ unusual behavior was due to the effects of alcohol, but when Elvira shoves a bowl of flowers in her face, Ruth believes. Ruth goes to Madame Arcati’s coffee shop, where she is surrounded by her student spiritualists, to plead with her to get rid of Elvira. Madame Arcati has bungled the job; she doesn’t know how to do it. While Ruth and Madame Arcati are having their difficulties, Charles and Elvira reminisce about their marriage. Charles agrees to take Elvira to the Penthouse Club for old times’ sake. She tries to convince Charles to forget everything and follow her, as she describes her astral activities. Excited about the wonderful things that Elvira describes, and encouraged by her, he mounts the parapet, extends his arms in an attempt to fly, and plunges out of sight.

Act 2
Ruth points out to Charles, who as a result of his plunge has a bandaged head, that Elvira is attempting to kill him off. Elvira tampers with Charles’ car, hoping to kill him when he drives it. Instead Ruth drives it first and is killed. Elvira declares her spiritual return a flop because she hasn’t been successful in bringing Charles to her world. She confesses homesickness and sings about the extraordinary environment of her "Home Sweet Heaven." Charles and Elvira arrive at Madame Arcati’s coffee shop to try to send Elvira back home. To Madame Arcati’s delight, Charles’ consternation and Elvira’s disgust, Ruth suddenly appears, fully materialized. Ruth bemoans the fact that she will have to spend eternity alone with Elvira. By mystical machinations, Elvira places an "extremely long distance call" to Merlin the Magician, somewhere in the great beyond. Merlin immediately dispenses a deadly poison, "instant" hemlock, which is poured into the brandy decanter. Charles and his two ectoplasmic wives try to make the best of an impossible situation. Madame Arcati attempts to untangle the mess. She discovers that Edith, the maid, unknown even to herself, is a natural medium. She dematerializes the two ghostly wives. As the dematerialized spirits romp around the house, playing havoc with the furnishings, Charles and Madame Arcati drink a toast to their success. The poisoned brandy acts quickly with Charles and Madame Arcati joining Elvira and Ruth in the celestial world of the unknown, where they will all fly faster than sound forever.

Song list

 * Act I
 * "Was She Prettier Than I?" - Ruth
 * "The Bicycle Song" - Arcati and ensemble
 * "You'd Better Love Me" - Elvira
 * "Where Is the Girl I Married?" - Charles and Ruth
 * "The Sandwich Man" - Ensemble member
 * "Go Into Your Trance" - Arcati and Beatniks
 * "Where Is the Man I Married?" (reprise)- Charles and Ruth
 * "Forever and a Day" - Charles
 * "Something Tells Me" - Elvira
 * "I Know Your Heart" - Elvira and Charles
 * "Faster Than Sound" - Elvira and Ensemnble

 * Act II
 * "If I Gave You" - Ruth and Charles
 * "Talking to You" - Arcati
 * "Home Sweet Heaven" - Elvira
 * "Something Is Coming to Tea" - Arcati and Beatniks
 * "The Exorcism" - instrumental
 * "What In the World Did You Want?" - Charles, Ruth, and Elvira
 * "Faster Than Sound" (reprise) - the company

title: High Spirits (musical)


text:
Talk:Kalari Payattu

This needs to be redirected to Kalaripayattu where this topic has been discussed in much more detail.

Yes. Kalari Payattu and Kalaripayattu is the same.

title: Talk:Kalari Payattu


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gwynneth (Hardesty) Coogan

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 23:17, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Gwynneth (Hardesty) Coogan
Not notable. --W(t) 01:56, 2005 May 29 (UTC)
 * Delete. — Phil Welch 02:17, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Why? The article is only a day old, isn't that your criterion for keeping other non-notable articles?  Delete, by the way.  RickK 05:53, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - please, let us eat our (rather vain) young. -- Jonel 02:42, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I am sure she is a nice person, but delete. --Sn0wflake 03:46, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete --Xcali 05:29, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * delete extremely rare on google. Mozzerati 20:08, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)
 * notability factor of next to zero. delete
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Motor City Mechanics

The Motor City Mechanics were a minor professional ice hockey team in the United Hockey League. The Mechanics played two seasons from 2004 to 2006 at Great Lakes Sports City Superior Arena in Fraser, Michigan.

History
The team got a major boost during their first year when a lockout cancelled the 2004–05 National Hockey League season, thus leaving the Mechanics the only professional hockey team in the Detroit market. The Mechanics signed three Detroit Red Wings players: Chris Chelios, Derian Hatcher, and Kris Draper. All three players had local ties; Hatcher had even played at the Mechanics' arena as a youth. However, due to visa problems, Canadian Kris Draper never played a game for the Mechanics. Later, Motor City also signed Bryan Smolinski and Sean Avery, so the team had four active NHL players, more than any other North American pro team during the lockout. Despite the signings, the Mechanics barely played .500 hockey and missed the playoffs.

Following a league investigation concerning the February 2, 2005, game played against the Flint Generals, UHL commissioner Richard Brosal suspended Mechanics' coach Steve Shannon for the rest of the season for offering his players $200 to "take out" Generals forward Kevin Kerr. Shannon's contract was terminated by the team and hired Danton Cole on March 1, who had recently been fired by the Grand Rapids Griffins of the American Hockey League. Cole kept the position into the following season.

After being swept in the first round of the UHL playoffs, the Mechanics announced that they would suspend operations for the 2006–07 UHL season while the owners were looking to relocate the team. The franchise was sold to a new owner who planned to keep the team in the Detroit area with home games at the Michigan State Fairgrounds Coliseum starting in 2008, but it never came to fruition.

title: Motor City Mechanics


text:
Air Force Test Center

The Air Force Test Center (AFTC) is a development and test organization of the United States Air Force. It conducts research, development, test, and evaluation of aerospace systems from concept to deployment. It has test flown every aircraft in the Army Air Force's and the Air Force's inventory since World War II. The center employs nearly 13,000 people, and controls the second largest base in the Air Force.

On 6 July 2012, the previous Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) was redesignated as the Air Force Test Center (AFTC). Up until July 2012, the AFTC consisted of two subordinate wings. The 95th Air Base Wing (95 ABW) provided installation support for all units on Edwards Air Force Base while the 412th Test Wing (412 TW) conducted aircraft testing and evaluation at Edwards. In July 2012, the redesignated 96th Test Wing (96 TW), an amalgamation of the former 96th Air Base Wing, the former 46th Test Wing and the former Air Armament Center at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, and the Arnold Engineering Development Complex at Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, also came under control of the AFTC.

Overview
The Air Force Test Center (AFTC) conducts developmental and follow-on testing and evaluation of manned and unmanned aircraft and related avionics, flight-control, and weapon systems. AFTC also operates the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School, which trains test pilots, flight-test engineers, and flight-test navigators.

The center has tested all the aircraft types in the Air Force inventory, and the center's workforce—civilian, military and contractor—work together to flight test and evaluate new aircraft and upgrades to aircraft already in inventory for Air Force units, the Department of Defense, NASA and other government agencies. Upgrades to be tested here include improvements to radar, weapons-delivery and navigation systems, and a system to give tactical pilots the ability to strike ground targets from low altitudes at night and in adverse weather.

The Air Force Test Center develops, operates and maintains the Edwards Flight Test Range and Utah Test and Training Range. It also operates the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School. The center provides test infrastructure, overhead support for development, and operational test and evaluation support for aerospace research vehicles. AFFTC resources include the test and evaluation mission simulator, the Benefield Anechoic Chamber, Ridley Mission Control, and the Integration Facility for Avionics Systems Testing.

Units

 * 412th Test Wing (Tail Code: ED)
 * The 412th Test Wing plans, conducts, analyzes, and reports on all flight and ground testing of aircraft, weapons systems, software and components as well as modeling and simulation for the U.S. Air Force. The Wing also oversees the base's day-to-day operations and provides support for military, federal civilian, and contract personnel assigned to Edwards AFB.

 * 412th Operations Group.
 * There are eight flight test squadrons under the 412th Operations Group with as many as 20 aircraft assigned to each. The 412 OG flies an average of 90 aircraft with upwards of 30 different aircraft designs. It also performs more than 7,400 missions (including more than 1,900 test missions) on an annual basis. The aircraft are grouped by mission

 * Global Power (fighters and bombers)
 * 411th Flight Test Squadron: (F-22)
 * 416th Flight Test Squadron: (F-16)
 * 419th Flight Test Squadron: (B-52H, B-1, B-2)
 * 445th Flight Test Squadron: (Initial Flight Test Operations, T-38)
 * 461st Flight Test Squadron: (F-35 Joint Strike Fighter)

 * Global Reach (transport and air refueling)
 * 412th Flight Test Squadron: (C-135C Speckled Trout)
 * 418th Flight Test Squadron: (C-130 and special operations and special mission variants; CV-22; KC-135 and special variants; C-17A)

 * Global Vigilance (unmanned)
 * 452d Flight Test Squadron: (RQ-4)

 * 412th Test Management Division
 * 412th Test Management Group
 * 412th Electronic Warfare Group
 * 412th Engineering Division
 * The Engineering Division and the Electronic Warfare Group provide the central components in conducting the Test and Evaluation mission of the 412 TW. They provide the tools, talent and equipment for the core disciplines of aircraft structures, propulsion, avionics and electronic warfare evaluation of the latest weapon system technologies. They also host the core facilities that enable flight test and ground test—the Range Division, Benefield Anechoic Facility, Integrated Flight Avionics Systems Test Facility and the Air Force Electronic Warfare Evaluation Simulator. The Project and Resource Management Divisions provide the foundation for the successful program management of test missions.

 * 412th Civil Engineer Division
 * 412th Maintenance Group
 * 412th Medical Group
 * 412th Mission Support Group

 * U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School (USAFTPS)
 * The USAF Test Pilot School, also part of the 412th Test Wing, is where select Air Force pilots, navigators/combat systems officers, and engineers learn how to conduct flight tests and generate the data needed to carry out test missions. A small number of Army Aviators and USN and USMC Naval Aviators and Naval Flight Officers also attend USAFTPS. Human lives and millions of dollars depend upon how carefully a test mission is planned and flown. The comprehensive curriculum of Test Pilot School is fundamental to the success of flight test and evaluation.

 * Detachment 1, Air Force Test Center, United States Air Force Plant 42, Palmdale, California.  Aircraft manufacturing facility.***
 * ***Detachment 3, Air Force Test Center is an unconfirmed designated name for facilities at Groom Lake, Nevada, where classified testing may be carried out.

Air Force Flight Test Museum
The Air Force Flight Test Museum is open to military personnel with credentials to enter the base as well as general public tours offered periodically. The museum also features 40 aircraft on display at the museum or the nearby Blackbird Airpark in Palmdale, California. The museum also features aircraft engines, missiles, hardware, life support equipment, technical drawings, test reports memorabilia, and models.

Ongoing Research projects

 * Lockheed Martin X-56 (UAV)

World War II
Flight testing began at Muroc Army Air Base (later renamed Edwards Air Force Base) during World War II. It dates to 17 February 1942 when the 477th Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron (Reduced) was moved from Wright Field, Ohio to the Muroc Bombing and Gunnery Range. Its mission was to test the secret Bell Aircraft XP-59A jet fighter. Muroc was chosen as it was a secluded site in the Mojave Desert out of the public eye. The first XP-59A aircraft arrived on 21 September 1942 for ground tests and it was fitted with a dummy propeller attached to its nose, just in case the curious might see it and start asking why this aircraft didn't have a propeller.

On 30 September, Bell's test pilot Robert Stanley was undergoing some high-speed taxiing trials with the XP-59A when the aircraft "inadvertently" became airborne for a short time, reaching an altitude of ten feet for one-half-mile during high speed taxi tests. However, the first official flight was on 1 October with NACA, Navy Bureau of Aeronautics, Royal Air Force, Army, Bell and General Electric personnel on hand. XP-59 aircraft testing continued at Muroc for the remainder of 1942 and in 1943. The second XP-59A flew on 15 February 1943 and the third late in April. Shortly before the first flight of the XP-59A, the USAAF had placed an order for one hundred P-59A Airacomets. However, the performance of the XP-59A service test aircraft had proved to be rather disappointing, not even up to the standards of conventional piston-engined fighter aircraft already in service with the USAAF. It was considered rather unlikely that any appreciable improvements in the performance of the P-59 would soon be forthcoming, and by the early fall of 1943 the Airacomet was no longer considered by the USAAF as being worthy of consideration as an operational combat type.

Most of the P-59s went to the Fourth Air Force 412th Fighter Group where they served in the training role. The Airacomets provided USAAF pilots and ground crews with valuable data about the difficulties and pitfalls involved in converting to jet aircraft. This information proved quite useful when more advanced jet fighters finally became available in quantity.

In the fall of 1944, Eighth Air Force tested its B-17 Flying Fortresses along with P-51D Mustangs against the XP-59 to see how well they stood up against the jet. The results were obvious. Also in October 1944, a small detachment arrived at Muroc for experimental work in rocket firing, remaining until the end of 1945.

Although the XP-59A provided valuable experience to the USAAF in the operation of jet-powered aircraft, it was basically a flying testbed and not a combat-capable aircraft. The USAAF had to look elsewhere in its search for an effective jet fighter. The first flight of the Lockheed XP-80 took place on 8 January 1944 with test pilot Milo Burcham at the controls. The XP-80 was eventually transferred to the 412th Fighter Group for tactical evaluation.

Postwar era
Following the war flight testing officially became the base's primary mission. Test work on the Lockheed P-80, the successor to the XP-59 was undertaken for the greater part of 1945. The Convair XP-81 and Republic XP-84 Thunderjet arrived at Muroc in 1946 for testing. It was clear by this time that the base's mission would be a proving ground for aircraft and a testing site for experimental aircraft.

On 14 October 1947, Captain Chuck Yeager, piloted the Bell X-1 to a speed of 760 miles per hour, breaking the sound barrier for the first time. In the years since, multiple generations of experimental "X-Planes" have been tested and flown at Edwards, for the Air Force and other agencies, such as NASA. Simultaneously, the base was hosting testing for proposed weapon systems including the F-84 Thunderjet, F-86 Sabre, F-94 Starfire, and B-45 Tornado.

The first Northrop XB-35 Flying Wing (serial number 42-13603) took off on its maiden flight on 25 June 1946, with Max Stanley as pilot and Dale Schroeder as flight engineer. On this first flight, the aircraft was flown from Hawthorne to Muroc, a flight lasting 45 minutes. The propeller-driven XB-35 however, was considered outdated and it was replaced by the jet-powered YB-49 on 21 October 1947 from the Northrop Field at Hawthorne, California, piloted by Northrop's chief test pilot, Max Stanley. At the end of the flight, it landed at Muroc Air Force Base where it was to carry out its test program. On the morning of 5 June 1948, XB-49 42-102368 crashed just north of Muroc Dry Lake. The pilot, Air Force Capt. Glenn Edwards, and all four other members of the crew were killed. In 1951 Muroc AFB was re-designated Edwards Air Force Base in his honor.

Air Force Flight Test Center
With the transfer of Edwards AFB from Air Materiel Command to the newly created Air Research and Development Command, the postwar 2759th Experimental Wing was inactivated, being replaced by the Air Force Flight Test Center on 25 June 1951.

Technology pioneered through the AFTC led to remarkable advancements in aviation. The "Century Series" of aircraft, the F-100 Super Sabre; F-102 Delta Dagger, the Mach 2 F-104 Starfighter; F-105 Thunderchief and the F-106 Delta Dart made supersonic flight commonplace in combat aircraft. The Century Series fighters defined the basic speed and altitude envelopes for fighters that are still in effect today. Meanwhile, the aircraft of the X series continued to set speed and altitude records.

The 1960s ushered in the Space Age. The Test Pilot School was re-designated as the Aerospace Research Pilot School as it began to train future astronauts. The North American X-15 arrived and began to explore hypersonic and exoatmospheric flight. Major Robert "Bob" White became the first person to fly an aircraft into space on 17 July 1962 when he flew his X-15 to an altitude of 314,750 feet. Flying the same airframe a year later Joe Walker reached an altitude of 354,200 feet (67 miles). On 3 October 1967 William "Pete" Knight set the standing aircraft speed record of Mach 6.72 (4,520 mph), again flying an X-15. When the space program began a number of astronauts were selected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command.

With the decline of the military crewed space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-designated as the USAF Test Pilot School. The school replaced its space-oriented curriculum with an entire new battery of courses focusing on systems and test management. New aircraft arrived in the 1970s with the McDonnell F-15 Eagle. Two major "fly-offs" were conducted, one between the Northrop YA-9 and the Fairchild Republic YA-10, the other between the Northrop YF-17 and General Dynamics YF-16. The Rockwell B-1 Lancer began flight testing in 1974 with its multitude of highly sophisticated offensive and defensive systems.

In April 1981, the wheels of Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The "Flying Wing" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s.

The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed YF-22 and the Northrop YF-23 prototype fighters, both using stealth technology and designed for air supremacy with agility, high-speed and supersonic cruise capability. Global Hawk, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was tested that has subsequently been used extensively for high-level reconnaissance in the skies of Afghanistan and Iraq began testing in February 1998. The MQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reaper attack counterparts, tested at Edwards, today fill a critical role in the Global War on Terrorism. More recently the AFTC has been part of the anti-satellite missile and Joint Direct Attack Munition development. Additionally, the center has played a key role in the development of the Air Force's X-35A and X-32A prototypes for the Joint Strike Fighter program, both making their first flights in late 2000. The resulting F-35 Lightning II is being built in three versions for the Air Force, the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps, as well as multiple allied military partners. NASA maintains its Armstrong Flight Research Center on Edwards and partners with the AFFTC on aircraft development.

Effective 6 July 2012, it was re-designated from the Air Force Flight Test Center to the Air Force Test Center, part of a new five-center construct across Air Force Materiel Command. The new name reflects AFTC's expanded mission which includes Eglin AFB and Arnold AFB as well as flight test activities at Edwards.

Lineage

 * Established as 477th Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron (Reduced), 17 February 1942
 * Disbanded on 11 March 1944

 * Established as 730th Army Air Forces Base Unit (Flight Test), 11 March 1944
 * Re-designated: 4144th Army Air Forces Base Unit, 1 October 1946
 * Re-designated: 2759th Air Force Base Unit, 29 August 1948
 * Re-designated: 2759th Experimental Wing, 20 May 1949
 * Inactivated on 25 June 1951

 * Established as Air Force Flight Test Center and organized on 25 June 1951.
 * Re-designated: Air Force Test Center on 6 July 2012

Assignments

 * Army Air Forces Materiel Command, 17 February 1942
 * Air Technical Service Command. 31 August 1944
 * Air Materiel Command, 9 March 1946
 * Research and Development Command on 23 January 1950
 * Air Research and Development (later Air Force Systems) Command, 25 June 1951
 * Air Force Materiel Command, 1 Jul 1992–Present

Major Components

 * 3077th Experimental Group, 20 May 1949 – 25 June 1951
 * 6510th Air Base Wing, 25 June 1951 – 4 October 1954
 * 6510th Air Base Group, 4 October 1954 – 1 March 1978
 * 6512th Test Pilot Training Squadron, 1 September 1952 – 1 March 1961
 * USAF Test Pilot School, 1 January 1953 – Present
 * 6510th Test Group, 1 July 1959 – 25 October 1963
 * 6512th Test Group, 1 July 1959
 * Re-Designated: 6512th Test Wing, 1 October 1969 – 1 January 1973

 * Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, 25 October 1963 – Present
 * 4200th Test and Evaluation Squadron, 1 January 1965 – 2 October 1992
 * 18th Survival Squadron, 1 January 1967 – 30 June 1975
 * 6510th Test Wing, 1 March 1978
 * Re-designated 412th Test Wing, 2 October 1992–Present

title: Air Force Test Center


text:
Roanoke Valley Vipers

The Roanoke Valley Vipers were a minor professional ice hockey team located in Roanoke, Virginia. They were a member of the United Hockey League and played in the Roanoke Civic Center.

The franchise was formed in 2002 as the Port Huron Beacons and played in McMorran Arena in Port Huron, Michigan, through the end of the 2004–05 season. The franchise was relocated to Roanoke for the 2005–06 season, filling the void left after the ECHL's Roanoke Express disbanded and to provide a travel partner near the Richmond RiverDogs. While professional ice hockey had been previously played and successful in the Virginian towns of Roanoke, Salem and Vinton since 1967, the Vipers were unsuccessful on and off the ice with a losing record in their lone season in Virginia and an average attendance of about 1,000 fans in an arena with a capacity of over 9,000. Local fans complained about high ticket prices and a lower level of play than the ECHL. The midwestern focus of the UHL also made rivalries less intense than they had been with the southeastern and mid-Atlantic teams of the ECHL. The owners and their marketing plans were frequently criticized by local media.

The Vipers folded on May 15, 2006, shortly after the RiverDogs moved to Chicago and became the Chicago Hounds.

Notable players

 * David-Alexandre Beauregard
 * Matt Elich
 * Alexander Erofeev

title: Roanoke Valley Vipers


text:
Infotainment?

Infotainment? is the third album by the band Pitch Shifter, released in 1996.

There was a bonus disc called Exploitainment which was only given away with the Infotainment? limited festival edition. The disc also featured a CD ROM Video Section for the songs: "Underachiever", "Triad", and "Deconstruction" and 2 audio tracks: "Underachiever (0990 243003 Mix)" and "Product Placement (Disinformation Mix)".

Track listing

 * Track 0 "Data Track" is a CD-ROM track.

Credits
Personnel per liner notes.
 * Pitchshifter
 * J.S. Clayden - lead vocals
 * Johnny A. Carter - guitars, programming
 * Mark Clayden - bass
 * D.J. Walters - live drums

 * Production
 * J.S. Clayden, Omni-Design, Fluid and Alex CRi - artwork
 * Ewan Davies - engineering (tracks 1 to 7 and 9)
 * Kevin Metcalfe - mastering
 * Andrea Wright, Ric Peet - mixing (tracks 1-9)
 * Ralph Barklam - photographer
 * Pitch Shifter and Simon Efemey - production

Exploitainment?
This is a bonus disc which was given away in 1999 with the Infotainment? re-release.

The disc also featured a CD ROM Video Section for the songs: "Underachiever," "Triad," and "Deconstruction."

Track listings

 * 1) "Underachiever (0990 243003 Mix)"
 * 2) "Product Placement (Disinformation Mix)"

title: Infotainment?