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Order of the Red Banner of Labour

The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (Орден Трудового Красного Знамени) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to the Soviet state and society in the fields of production, science, culture, literature, the arts, education, sports, health, social and other spheres of labour activities. It is the labour counterpart of the military Order of the Red Banner. A few institutions and factories, being the pride of Soviet Union, also received the order. The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was the third-highest civil award in the Soviet Union, after the Order of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labour began solely as an award of the Russian SFSR on December 28, 1920. The all-Union equivalent was established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on September 7, 1928, and approved by another decree on September 15, 1928. The Order's statute and regulations were modified by multiple successive decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, on May 7, 1936, on June 19, 1943, on March 28, 1980, and on July 18, 1980.

Award statute
The Order of the Red Banner of Labour can be awarded to citizens of the USSR, to businesses, associations, institutions, organizations, and allied autonomous republics, territories, autonomous regions, districts, cities and other localities; it may also be awarded to persons who are not citizens of the USSR, as well as to enterprises, institutions and organizations located in foreign countries:
 * for great achievements in the development of industry, agriculture, farming, construction, transport and other sectors of the economy, to improve the efficiency of social production;
 * for the highest growth rates in labour productivity, improved product quality, development and introduction of more advanced manufacturing processes;
 * for consistently high results in the implementation and overfulfillment of planned assignments and socialist obligations undertaken;
 * for major advances in increasing the productivity of agricultural crops and the productivity of livestock breeding, increasing manufacturing output and sales of state agricultural products;
 * for contributions in the development of science and technology, the introduction of the latest achievements in the national economy, for inventions and innovations which are of great technical – economic significance;
 * for contributions in strengthening national defense;
 * for very fruitful activities in Soviet culture, literature and the arts;
 * for contributions in education and communist political education to the younger generations, in highly specialised training, health, trade, catering, housing, utilities, housing, public services;
 * for special achievements in the development of physical culture and Sports;
 * for important achievements in the field of state and public activities, the strengthening of socialist legality and the rule of law;
 * for great achievements in economic, scientific, technical and cultural cooperation between the USSR and other states.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labour could be awarded multiple times to the same recipient for successive deeds and long time merit.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was worn on the left side of the chest and in the presence of other awards of the USSR, was located immediately after the Order of the Red Banner. If worn in the presence of Orders or medals of the Russian Federation, the latter have precedence.

Award description
The design of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour evolved over the years. Its original design, called "type 1" was amended in 1936, this new variant will be identified as "type 2".

Type 1
The "type 1" Order consisted of a 38 mm wide by 43 mm high silver badge in the shape of a cogwheel, at center, a disc bordered along its entire outer diameter by panicles of wheat. Protruding from under the lower half of the central disc, a red enamelled triangle pointing downwards. On the central disc in the background, a hydro electric dam, at center, a gilded hammer and sickle, at the top, a waving red banner bearing the inscription "Proletarians of the World, unite!" ("Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!"). At the very bottom of the cogwheel, the relief inscription "USSR" ("СССР") on a stylised horizontal shield bisected by a smaller cogwheel meshing into the larger one. On the otherwise plain reverse, a recess at center bearing a threaded post, two rivets used to secure the hammer and sickle and the award serial number engraved on the lower portion opposite the "USSR" inscription. The Order was secured to clothing with a threaded screw and nut arrangement. The earlier nuts were 28 mm in diameter, later ones measured 32 mm.

Type 2
The "type 2" Order also consisted of a silver badge in the shape of a cogwheel, it measured 38 mm wide by 44 mm high. On the lower circumference of the cogwheel, the relief inscription "Proletarians of the World, unite!" ("Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!"), below the cogwheel, a red enamelled relief five pointed star superimposed on a shield from which four short panicles of wheat protrude left and right. At the center, a disc surrounded by a gilded wreath of oak leaves bearing the relief image of a hydro electric dam, below the dam, blue enamelled water, at the center of the disc, the gilded hammer and sickle, from the inner left side of the disc, a gilded mast bearing a waving red enamelled banner protruding from the central disc, covering the upper portion of the cogwheel and protruding past its outer upper edge on which "USSR" ("СССР") is inscribed in gilded letters. Along the outer circumference of the central disc's wreath, white enamelled slots spaced equally on the cogwheel. On the otherwise plain reverse, a concave recess at center bearing a threaded post, eight rivets (only three rivets on the post 1943 variant) used to secure the various parts to the badge and the award serial number engraved on the lower portion below the recess. The Order was secured to clothing with a threaded screw and a 33 mm in diameter nut until 1943 when it was secured by a ring through the medal suspension loop to a pentagonal mount covered by an overlapping 24 mm wide light blue silk moiré ribbon with 4 mm wide dark blue edge stripes.

Recipients (partial list)
The individuals listed below were recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.

The first recipient of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour of the RSFSR was Nikita Menchukov for saving an important bridge from being destroyed by flowing ice.

Order of the Red Banner of Labour of the USSR number 1 was presented to the Putilov (later Kirov) Works in Leningrad. The first individual awardees were V. Fedetov, A. Shelagin and M. Kyatkovsky for the rescue of a polar expedition.

Mikhail Gorbachev received the Order of the Red Banner of Labour for harvesting a record crop on his family's collective farm in 1949 at age 17, an honor which was very rare for someone so young. He is one of the Order's youngest recipients.

Six-time recipients

 * Nikolay Maksimovich Belyaev, founder and head of the optical industry
 * Nikolay Stepanovich Beznosov, deputy minister of Defense Industry of the USSR
 * Mikhail Aleksandrovich Brezhnev, engineer
 * Makar Fyodorovich Goryainov, general
 * Alexander Konstantinovich Protazanov, first secretary of the East Kazakhstan Party organisation
 * Nikolay Nicholaevich Smelyakov, Minister of General Machine Building of the USSR, director of the factory "Red Sormovo"
 * Leonid Nikolaevich Solovyev, politician
 * Aleksey Ivanovich Sorokin, politician
 * Suleyman Azad oğlu Vazirov, Minister of Oil Industry in the Azerbaijani SSR

Five-time recipients

 * Arnold Green, Soviet diplomat, Party and State figure
 * Mikhail Alexandrovich Leontovich, physicist and academician
 * Gennady Vasilevich Alekseenko, a specialist in the field of energy
 * Aleksandr Fedorovich Belov, metallurgy academician
 * Pavel Semyonovich Vlasov, Hero of Socialist Labour, director of the Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant
 * Leonid Efimovich Grafov, Deputy Minister of the Coal Industry
 * Ivan Timofeevich Grishin, Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade
 * Nikolai Alekseevich Gundobin, Hero of Socialist Labour, 1st Deputy Minister of Transport of the USSR
 * Aleksandr Viktorovich Dokukin, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences
 * Leonid Fedorovich Ilichev, secretary of the CPSU Central Committee
 * Vladimir Alekseevich Karlov, Hero of Socialist Labour, department head of the CPSU Central Committee
 * Boris Vasilevich Kurchatov, doctor of chemical sciences
 * Pavel Andreevich Maletin, Deputy Minister of Finance of the USSR (1939–1945, 1960–1969)
 * Konstantin Dmitrievich Petukhov, Hero of Socialist Labour, General Director of PEMSO "Dynamo"
 * Rasizade, Shamil Alievich, deputy prime-minister of Azerbaijan SSR (1970–1984)
 * Aleksey Vladimirovich Romanov, editor of the newspaper "Soviet Culture"
 * Ivan Dmitrievich Sosnov, Minister of Transport Construction of the USSR
 * Tamara Khanum, People's Artist of USSR (1956), Uzbek dancer
 * Konstantin Chibisov, Corresponding Member of USSR Academy of Sciences (1946)

Four-time recipients

 * Rasul Gamzatovich Gamzatov, poet
 * Levko Mykolajovych Revutskyi, composer, teacher, and activist
 * Sabit Atayevich Orujev, Deputy Prime-minister of Azerbaijan SSR (1957–1959)
 * Andrey Melitonovich Balanchivadze, composer
 * Augusts Eduardovich Voss, politician and party functionary
 * Natalia Mikhailovna Dudinskaya, prima ballerina
 * Eugen Arturovich Kapp, composer and music educator
 * Patriarch Alexy I, patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church
 * Galina Sergeyevna Ulanova, prima ballerina

Three-time recipients

 * Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko, fifth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
 * Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov, fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
 * Alexander Naumovich Frumkin, electrochemist, Hero of Socialist Labour
 * Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev, politician and historian
 * Grigory Naumovich Chukhray, film director and screenwriter
 * Sopubek Begalievich Begaliev, politician
 * Matvey Alkunovich Kapelyushnikov, mechanical engineer, Hero of Socialist Labour
 * Georgy Nikolayevich Flyorov, nuclear physicist
 * Boris Borisovich Pyotrovsky, academician, historian-orientalist and archaeologist
 * Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov, physicist
 * Max Arkadyevich Taitz, scientist in aerodynamics, theory of jet engines and flight testing of aircraft, one of the founders of the Gromov Flight Research Institute, recipient of the Stalin Prize (1949 and 1953), Honoured Scientist of the RSFSR

Two-time recipients

 * Isaak Zaltsman, Known as "King of Tanks" while manager of Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant and Kirov Plant.
 * Andrey Nikolayevich Tupolev, aircraft designer
 * Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov, cosmonaut and eminent space engineer
 * Aram Ilyich Khachaturian, composer
 * Ginzburg, Vitaly Lazarevich, theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, Nobel laureate
 * Kollontai, Alexandra Mikhailovna, first female government minister in Europe, one of the first female diplomats in modern times
 * Khrennikov, Tikhon Nikolayevich, composer and pianist
 * Klavdiya Sergeevna Kildsheva, aviation engineer and Hero of Socialist Labor
 * Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich, physicist
 * Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov, politician
 * Irina Konstantinovna Rodnina, Olympic gold medalist figure skater
 * Züleyxa Seyidməmmədova, fighter pilot
 * Ilyushin, Vladimir Sergeyevich, test pilot
 * Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov diplomat and ambassador
 * Arkady Ilyich Ostashev laureate of the Lenin and state prizes of the, senior test pilot of missiles and space-rocket complexes of OKB-1, the disciple and companion of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.
 * Dimitry Dmitrievich Venediktov Deputy Health Minister of the USSR
 * Shamama Hasanova, Azerbaijani cotton producer and politician.
 * Kim Pen Hwa, collective farm manager
 * Aleksey Vasilievich Shubnikov crystallographer

Single awards

 * Leila Abashidze, actor and writer
 * Alisa Aksyonova, museum director
 * Pavel Alexandrov, mathematician
 * Araxie Babayan, chemist
 * Fyokla Bezzubova, folklore writer
 * Kateryna Boloshkevich, weaver and statesperson
 * Mariya Borodayevskaya, geologist
 * Lyudmila Byakova, seamstress
 * Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin, Prime Minister of Russia (1992–1998)
 * Clementine Churchill
 * Ilya Devin, writer
 * Valentina Dimitrieva, farm worker
 * Glafira Dorosh, chef, the only recipient of a Soviet order for a recipe
 * Lev Dyomin, cosmonaut
 * Lydia Fotiyeva, personal secretary of Vladimir Lenin
 * Ivan Gevorkian, prominent Soviet Armenian surgeon and scientist
 * Äxmät İsxaq, Tatar poet and translator
 * Saima Karimova, Russian geologist
 * Anatoly Karpov, World Chess Champion
 * Faina Kotkowa, weaver
 * Valentina Khetagurova (1914–1992), founder of the Khetagurovite Campaign
 * Marcus Klingberg, Israeli scientist and Soviet spy
 * Boris Kozo-Polyansky, botanist and evolutionary biologist.
 * Elizaveta Lastochkina, teacher of the deaf
 * Jack Littlepage, US mining expert and Soviet Deputy Commissar
 * Vladimir Lobashev, physicist
 * Mikhail Mil, aerospace engineer
 * Mariya Orlyk, teacher and politician
 * Sergei Orlov, sculptor and painter
 * Nicolay Paskevich, painter
 * Ivan Poddubny, professional wrestler
 * Vladimir Rvachev, mathematician
 * Yevgeny Primakov, Speaker of the Soviet of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
 * Leonid Rogozov, physician who took part in the sixth Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1960–1961 and performed his own appendectomy
 * Arnold Rüütel, ex-president of Estonia
 * Nikolay Semyonov, physicist and chemist
 * Yuri Levitan, Soviet radio announcer
 * Lyudmila Shevtsova – athlete, Olympic champion and 800 m world record holder
 * Mikhail Shuisky, opera singer
 * Vasily Shukshin, actor, writer, screenwriter and film director
 * Alexander Yakovlev, aeronautical engineer
 * Alexander Yanshin, geologist
 * Yevgeny Yevtushenko, poet, novelist, essayist, dramatist, screenwriter, actor, editor, and film director
 * Melita Stedman Norwood Spy USSR - Work 1930–1972.
 * Hugh Lincoln Cooper American Engineer
 * Olga Avilova, surgeon
 * Barno Itzhakova, Shashmaqam folk singer
 * Sergi Jikia, Georgian historian and orientalist, founder of the Turkology in Georgia.
 * Nina Pigulevskaya, Soviet historian and orientalist.
 * Leonid Kirensky, physicist
 * Boris Miller, Iranianist scholar

Institutions, organisations, localities

 * Komsomol
 * Vilnius University
 * City of Kovrov
 * Saint Petersburg State University
 * City of Mykolaiv
 * City of Podolsk
 * Bolshevichka clothes factory
 * Zvyazda state newspaper
 * East Siberian Railway
 * National Library of Russia
 * Kuban State University of Technology
 * Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
 * 8th Soviet Rifle Division
 * Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Works, in 1978
 * Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya
 * Trolza trolleybus factory
 * Ural State Medical University
 * Uraltransmash
 * Yerevan State University

title: Order of the Red Banner of Labour


text:
Talk:Mastermind (British game show)

Untitled
Please add the winner of 2005 Junior Mastermind to this article. I would myself, but I have forgotten. --Jawr256 13:47, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

I've added the format of the game - the intro hinted at this, but didn't give details. I'm also tempted to add the layout - walking up the the black chair must add to the contestant's claustrophobia and nervousness. CS Miller 21:11, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Game show or quiz show
I'm not from the UK so I can't tell if this is a game show or a TV series. Please feel free to correct me based on Naming conventions (television). Thanks! --Reflex Reaction (talk)• 15:29, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Mastermind is a quiz show. There is no 'game' element to it, the aim is solely to accumulate as many points as possible with the time alotted. Martyn Smith 12:11, 12 June 2006 (UTC) (contestant on current series, programme to be broadcast 6 July 2006, 2200 hrs BBC2. So watch it!)

POV regarding ESPN host
"Unlike Mastermind presenters, Mayne has a very dry, quirky and sometimes sarcastic sense of humor, but did a very good job of keeping the game going; he would quickly jump in if one of the celebrity panelists was tardy in posing their question, so as not to penalise the contestant." This seems a bit much, even if it's true. -Dmh 13:34, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

What are your sources for the contestant lists?
In order put the right Chippenham link in Mastermind 2005 Results, I would like to find out which Chippenham Richard Pierce (author and freelance lecturer) comes from (Wiltshire or Cambridgeshire). A quick google search isn't coming up with anything. --Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 14:10, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

Celebrity Mastermind
Some mention of the celebrity version should probably be added to the article, perhaps in the "Versions of Mastermind" section. 81.153.95.107 06:17, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

Linking Magnús Magnússon more than once
Anon ISP editor 82.108,46.34 keeps linking the name Magnus Magnusson, no doubt, with the idea in mind that he needs to link the unaccented version to the article with its accented name Magnús Magnússon. There really is no need for this, as the unaccented link Magnus Magnusson redirects automatically to the article whichever version you use. Dieter Simon 22:56, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

I'm somewhat disappointed...
How is it that the well-known Israeli adaptation 'Makbilit Hamokhot' is not mentioned here? Siúnrá (talk) 14:42, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Statistics
I'm currently adding the scoring stats from the last few years. I was wondering if any of you wizards would be able to better sort the data into a more presentable fashion. It might even be worth putting them on a seperate page. Any ideas? My wikipedia are quite basic thought. --ILuveStatsMam (talk) 14:59, 11 April 2009 (UTC)

Specialist subject choices
As someone who auditioned for the 2009 season (won by Nancy Dickmann), I'd like to clarify the ruling regarding specialist subjects:

You need to choose four different subjects (assuming you make it to the finals) - but, realistically, you would need about a dozen in reserve, as you cannot have a specialist subject which has been used recently.

In no specific order, I had originally selected Harry Potter (rejected, due to recent use), the Narnia books, the radio series Journey Into Space, Mission Earth by L Ron Hubbard and, when I discovered I couldn't have Harry Potter, I had to think fast on my feet - I think I settled for 70s pop music.

Not that it mattered - I never made it on to the show.

Incidentally, at the audition (I was the only one present), which, in my case, was held at the BBC studios in Bristol, there were two gentlemen. They fired general knowledge questions at me in the style of the show (John Humphrys and the black chair were not present - we used a green room and a normal chair, sat round a table) - they wouldn't tell me how I did.

Over a week later, I got a phone call - I never made it on to the show - they also wouldn't tell me even then how well I did with those questions - I still don't know to this day how many I got right or wrong.

Arthurvasey (talk) 00:19, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

Celebrity scores
Do we want to add the higher scores from the 20th November 2009 Celebrity Mastermind special? Lucy Porter got 35 points and Mark Watson (comedian) 33 points, which in ordinary years would put them among the highest scorers, though I'm not sure how easily you can compare the questions to ordinary series' questions. -- Dandelions, not logged in 82.46.19.84 (talk) 01:57, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

"I've started so I'll finish"
In the "Format" section it says "..leading to the show's famous catchphrase, "I've started so I'll finish."

I think this is more Magnusson's catchprase than the show's, as is stated later in the article. Humphrys I don't think has ever used it, presumably deliberately avoiding it. Should this be rephrased to, perhaps, "...leading to the first questionmaster's famous catchphrase.."? It's elaborated later so I don't think, at this point, we need introduce Magnusson by name.

Si Trew (talk) 08:27, 7 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Humprhys has used the catchphrase. In the show that just aired (BBC Two, 20:30, 27 August 2010 (BST)), the buzzer interrupted his question in five of the eight rounds, and he said "I've started so I'll finish" twice.  On the other three occasions (typically where the majority of the question had already been read) he merely spoke over the buzzer.    AJ  Cham  19:45, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

In the article on Magnus Magnusson, the quotation "I've started so I'll finish" is given and it says "which John Humphries continues to use", so this would contradict one of the above comments. Vorbee (talk) 17:22, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

Lowest score for specialist subject round
The article says that a contestant got 4 for the specialist subject round. However, a contestant tonight (November 26 2010) got 3 for her specialist subject of Evelyn Waugh. I was talking to a relative on the telephone tonight who said he thinks that was the lowest score ever for a specialist subject. Perhaps if it is, this could be mentioned in the article in the "Lowest scores" category. ACEOREVIVED (talk) 21:56, 26 November 2010 (UTC)

2011/2012 celebrities and winners table
Hope you don't mind folks, but I updated the table in full, so that it shows all the specialist subject for the entire series. The BBC's official Mastermind website have published a list of all subjects/celebrities. Wesley Mouse (talk) 19:15, 30 December 2011 (UTC)

Hey Wesley, I reverted your edits as while those are the topics for the respective episodes next weeK, they are not in the respective order. It says " The guests are......" and "Topics will include....". It doesn't say each person's topic next to their name or say "respectively" at the end, so we don't know if each list of topics are concurrent with those of the guests. What sort of tipped me off as well, was that on the episode on 5 January, you have Andrew Collins as answering questions on The Toronto Blue Jays. I find that weird that he would answer question on that topic as he's British, but Stewart Francis, a Canadian comedian from Ontario would know a lot about that baseball team. (The last time he was on, his topic was the hockey team, the Toronto Maple Leafs) Also, the below article from Radio Times confirms that Andrew Collins topic was "cinematic" in nature. So I would guess that his topic is "Disaster Movies of the 1970's" http://www.radiotimes.com/blog/2011-11-18/andrew-collins-no-spoilers!

This is why I chose to delete the topic sections for next week's episode. You did a fine job, but the list of topics isn't necessarily in the same order and we don't know which of the 4 topics each celebrity will be answering questions on each day. I believe that we should wait for next week and fill in te topic sections after each episode. hope I explained myself properly. cheers!70.83.85.91 (talk) 21:54, 30 December 2011 (UTC)samusek2

 * While I understand what your personal reasons for not including the details, you'll find I was within scope as per Verifiability, and the BBC's page does appear to have listed the first 4 episodes in the correct order of celebrity and their respective specialist subject - and the BBC's website is covered under policy as per reliability. Seeing as the previous episodes have been listed in the correct order, then it is safe to assume that the BBC have kept consistent and the details for subsequent episodes are correct as printed.  The article is also slightly incorrect, the final episode is listed as to be screened on January 7, 2012.  However, the BBC have it listed as being shown on January 8, 2012 - there is no episode for January 7.  There's also another episode (January 2, 2012) that is being screened a day earlier to viewers in BBC Scotland (January 1, 2012).  That hasn't been noted in the article, which should be as per Notability.  Wesley Mouse (talk) 22:51, 30 December 2011 (UTC)

 * P.S. The Radio Times link you provided doesn't show anything whatsoever, only a blog page - and newsblogs are to be treated with caution when it comes to reliability; as per WP:NEWSBLOG.  I get the Radio Times at home, and believe me the Christmas 2-week bumper edition had several programs listed, that where not even broadcast.  December 29, the magazine didn't show Deal or No Deal as being screened for that day, yet it was broadcast.  Even Channel 4 themselves mentioned something about some TV Listings forgetting to list the show.  Wesley Mouse (talk) 23:01, 30 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I took the courtesy to email the BBC, explaining to them about this article, and to double check the topics for the January 5th episode. Corrected that list on the article accordingly, as it appears that the details on the official website for that episode only have been input in the wrong order.  The other episodes are corrected listed in the right order.  Wesley Mouse (talk) 21:57, 1 January 2012 (UTC)

Categorisation of this article needed
When Magnus Magnusson presented this programme, it was disbanded in 1997, although it was later revived by John Humphries in the early zeros. Should it not, therefore, be categorised as a 1997 television programme ending? ACEOREVIVED (talk) 10:10, 9 February 2012 (UTC)

Chosen charities?
If there's no money involved, why do contestants choose a charity? Lazyzee (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 19:04, 12 January 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 23:25, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Versions versus history
I was wondering whether a sub-heading entitled "History of the programme" might enhance this article. Some of such information is included, but it is under the section "Versions". Vorbee (talk) 16:45, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

Proposed merge with Celebrity Mastermind
I don't think Celebrity Mastermind is notable enough to have its own article as it doesn't have any citations outside of ones from the BBC and other game shows don't have separate Wikipedia articles for the celebrity editions. BangJan1999 20:47, 28 September 2017 (UTC)
 * This is an interesting one as it does somewhat differ from the regular Mastermind (eg there is a lighter tone and it is usually broadcast more in a prime-time slot), but as pointed out things like Celebrity Pointless do not have their own articles (on the other hand Celebrity Fifteen to One does). Equally the lack of non-BBC sources make establishing notability an issue. Also I think am not convinced Wikipedia is the place for details of every contestant and their specialist subject, so if there is a merger this could easily be trimmed down. The outcome of the similar debate about Christmas University Challenge, might be relevant to this discussion - see here. Dunarc (talk) 23:38, 19 December 2017 (UTC) Amended Dunarc (talk) 23:45, 19 December 2017 (UTC)

I think the article on Celebrity Mastermind is too lengthy to be merged with this article. Vorbee (talk) 18:49, 3 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Closing, given the opposition, and absence of clear support over more than a year. Klbrain (talk) 17:43, 27 December 2018 (UTC)

Between at the start of
When this article talks about the version of Mastermind hosted by John Humphrys, it says that it included conversational elements "between at the start of the specialist subject round". I do not think the word "between" is really necessary here. Vorbee (talk) 18:46, 16 November 2018 (UTC) This is also innaccurate - the conversational elements were on the contestants' specialist subjects, but were at the beginning of the General Knowledge round. Vorbee (talk) 20:29, 29 December 2018 (UTC)

Children in Need special
This article could mention a Children in Need special of Mastermind that was hosted by Steve Mangan. Vorbee (talk) 22:27, 16 November 2018 (UTC)

Three different subjects
This article says that until 1992, contestants could go back to their specialist subject in Round One in the finals, but then rules were changed so that people had to choose three different subjects. Are you sure this rule change was as recently as 1992? I thought the rules were changed before then. Vorbee (talk) 16:52, 29 December 2018 (UTC)

Requested move 5 May 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved as proposed. WP:PDABs should only be used with strong consensus, and that bar has not been met here. King of ♥ ♦ ♣ ♠ 03:59, 24 May 2020 (UTC)

– Both of these articles need to be moved to the correct disambiguation as per WP:NCTV. The lede of the article on the British show very directly says "Mastermind is a British television game show...", so this clearly a "game show" and not a "TV series". In addition, the British show is currently insufficiently diambiguated from the Irish show as per WP:INCDAB and should be moved to "by country" disambiguation, unless it is felt that this is the "primary subtopic" in which case it should still be moved to Mastermind (game show). Meanwhile, the lede of the Irish show states "Mastermind was an Irish television quiz show..." quiz show redirecting to "game show", so this is also incorrectly disambiguated, and should also be moved to "Irish game show" disambig. as per WP:NCTV. --IJBall (contribs • talk) 13:45, 5 May 2020 (UTC) —Relisting. buidhe 22:40, 15 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Mastermind (TV series) → Mastermind (British game show)
 * Mastermind (Irish TV series) → Mastermind (Irish game show)

 * Support per nom. The first is currently an WP:INCOMPLETEDISAMBIGUATION, and both have parenthetical disambiguators that should be fixed. Paintspot Infez (talk) 16:01, 5 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per Paintspot. Incomplete dab for sure. Axem Titanium (talk) 17:53, 5 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. Quiz shows have been moved to game shows in multiple RMs and as stated above, this move will also fix the incomplete disambiguation situation. --Gonnym (talk) 22:28, 5 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Support moving the British show to Mastermind (game show) as the primary topic among game shows called "Mastermind". Not only is it the overwhelming leader in pageviews (over 100x), but as a long-running show, I believe it has achieved enough long-term significance to meet the higher standard for a parenthically disambiguated primary topic. Iffy★Chat -- 12:38, 6 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose. It is most certainly not a game show; it is a serious quiz where one wins nothing except a trophy. Its contestants would probably be horrified if it was suggested they'd taken part in a game show. "quiz show" or "TV quiz" would be acceptable. But I actually see no problem with TV series. -- Necrothesp (talk) 14:50, 6 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Again, "quiz show" redirects to game show – IOW, quiz shows are a subset of "game shows". In terms of WP:NCTV (which is all that matters in this discussion) "(game show)" is the correct disambig. term. It is certainly not a "TV series" under any analysis, regardless of your thoughts on the subject – the only acceptable alternative would be "(TV programme)". --IJBall (contribs • talk) 03:34, 7 May 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't think you quite get the difference between a serious quiz and a game show. A game show is a completely different thing. Quiz show may redirect to game show, but quiz does not. Maybe Mastermind (quiz) would be the best option. That's what it is. It is not a game show. -- Necrothesp (talk) 09:56, 7 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Support move to Mastermind (game show), per WP:PDAB; it's another example of the Thriller precedent. Sceptre (talk) 13:09, 9 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Support some disambiguating move for Mastermind (TV series). Incomplete disambiguation is generally not helpful to readers. —BarrelProof (talk) 00:46, 16 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. -- Netoholic @ 06:21, 16 May 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it.</b> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Mastermind Australia variant
In the Australian version currently showing there is occasionally a "Who Am I?" segment in which the participants are progressively given clues. This doesn't seem to be covered here, so I was wondering was this in the original format, and if not is there a different format in the new Australian version?--Jack Upland (talk) 08:33, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

Parodies
I don't know for sure but I am pretty sure the pilot episode of "I,Lovett" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I,_Lovett contained the protagonist on mastermind. I think his subect was "the easiest questions that have ever existed since the beginning of time" scoring very highly, he then scored zero on the GK round and came last in disgrace. Can someone verify and include if it qualifies. 2A00:23C7:1B9A:8401:E8BD:CF80:3932:687E (talk) 23:10, 6 February 2021 (UTC)

New subheading needed
The material added today about the youngest winner is certainly a record. However, without a new subheading, it appears to be connected to the material above (about lowest scores). I believe there should be a new subheading ('Other Records') or something. I would have added it myself but I am not confident that I can get the formatting correct. MalcolmStory21 (talk) 21:17, 26 April 2021 (UTC)

Deleting the "Transmissions" section
The "Transmissions" section seems to just generate a large number of links to the BBC archives. I propose deleting it, giving WP:LINKFARM as the reason, but is there a consensus for keeping/removing it? Thanks --Northernhenge (talk) 11:17, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
 * It doesn't seem a particular problem to me, or at least it seems more useful than not - the references to Genome (i.e. the Radio Times archive) are there as the date verifications primarily I imagine - it's not that different from a standard list of episodes really, it just seems longer as the programme is very long-running. Bob talk 23:54, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I didn't know about the "group" parameter to "ref". That's allowed me to put the genome references under a subheading. Now the rest of the references are clearly visible and the genome ones are retained.--Northernhenge (talk) 13:15, 5 February 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Mastermind (British game show)


text:
Arena (disambiguation)

An arena is an enclosed area that showcases theatre, musical performances or sporting events.

Arena, ARENA, or the Arena may also refer to:

United States

 * Point Arena, California
 * Arena Township, Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota
 * Arena, North Dakota
 * Arena (town), Wisconsin
 * Arena, Wisconsin, village within the town

Other countries

 * Arena, Saskatchewan, Canada
 * Arena, Iran
 * Arena, Calabria, Italy
 * La Arena District, Peru
 * San Juan de la Arena, Spain

Stadiums and venues

 * 2300 Arena, multipurpose sports venue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * Arena, Vienna, cultural centre
 * The Arena, purpose-built arena in Yas Island, Abu Dhabi
 * The Arena (Ahmedabad) (EKA Arena), multi-purpose stadium in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
 * The Arena, Ottawa, former indoor ice hockey arena in Canada
 * The Arena, Miami, home stadium of the NBA's Miami Heat
 * Erste Bank Arena, indoor sports stadium in Vienna
 * Generali Arena (Vienna), former name of football stadium Franz Horr Stadium
 * HWS Arena, sports and music venue in Poznań, Poland
 * Johan Cruyff Arena, home stadium of football club AFC Ajax in Amsterdam, the Netherlands
 * Pula Arena, amphitheatre in Croatia
 * St. Louis Arena, former indoor arena in St. Louis, Missouri, United States
 * Verona Arena, a Roman amphitheatre in Verona, Italy
 * Vienna Watersports Arena, artificial whitewater venue

Film

 * Arena (1953 film), a 3-D Western starring Gig Young
 * The Arena (1974 film), a gladiator B-movie starring Pam Grier
 * Arena (1989 film), a science fiction film starring Paul Satterfield and Claudia Christian
 * The Arena (2001 film), a direct-to-video remake of the 1974 film from producer Roger Corman
 * Arena (2009 film), a Portuguese short film
 * Arena (2011 film), an American film
 * Arena (2013 film), a Russian film

Gaming

 * Arena Entertainment, a Mirrorsoft video game label
 * ArenaNet, a computer game developer and part of NCsoft Corporation
 * Quake III Arena, a multiplayer first-person shooter released on December 2, 1999
 * The Elder Scrolls: Arena, the first game in The Elder Scrolls series, released in 1994
 * Wing Commander Arena, a multiplayer Xbox 360 game
 * Arena, a gameplay mode for Team Fortress 2
 * OpenArena, a multiplayer, free, and open source first-person shooter
 * Magic: The Gathering Arena, a video game adaptation of the Magic: The Gathering card game

Music

 * Arena (Duran Duran album), a 1984 live album by Duran Duran
 * Arena (Asia album), a 1996 album by the band Asia
 * Arena (Todd Rundgren album), a 2008 album by Todd Rundgren
 * Arena (An Absurd Notion), a 1985 concert film by Duran Duran
 * Arena (band), a British progressive rock band
 * Arena rock, a form of rock music
 * Arena di Verona Festival, an opera festival in Verona, Italy
 * "The Arena", a 1966 song by Al Hirt

Printed works

 * "Arena" (short story), a 1944 science fiction story by Fredric Brown
 * Countdown: Arena, a comic book series, published in 2007 by DC Comics
 * Arena, a 2013 novel by Simon Scarrow and T.J. Andrews
 * The Arena (novel), a 1962 suspense novel by William Haggard

Periodicals

 * Arena (magazine), a British style and entertainment magazine for men
 * Arena (Swedish magazine), a Swedish magazine on culture and politics
 * Arena Three, a British magazine for homosexual women published by the Minorities Research Group
 * The Arena (magazine), a 1899–1909 American liberal literary and political magazine
 * Arena (Australian publishing co-operative)
 * L'Arena, Italian newspaper

Television

 * Arena (TV platform), a German pay TV network
 * FOX Arena (TV network), an Australian cable channel
 * "Arena" (Star Trek: The Original Series), a 1967 episode of Star Trek
 * Arena (British TV series), a long-running BBC British documentary television series
 * The Arena (TV series), a debate-style television show produced in Singapore
 * Astro Arena (TV channel), Malaysian pay-TV channel
 * Arena (miniseries), a 1976 Australian miniseries

Given name

 * Arena Williams (born 1990), New Zealand politician

Surname

 * Anthony Arena, American soccer player
 * Bruce Arena (born 1951), American soccer coach
 * Chris Arena, American singer-songwriter and producer
 * Danielle Laraque-Arena, American pediatrician, academician and administrator
 * Felice Arena, Australian children's writer
 * Gildo Arena (1921–2005), Italian water polo player and freestyle swimmer
 * Jack Arena, American ice hockey coach
 * James Arena-DeRosa, American politician
 * John Arena, American politician
 * Kelli Arena, American television journalist
 * Kenny Arena, American soccer player
 * Kiira Dosdall-Arena, American ice hockey player
 * Lello Arena (born 1953), Italian actor
 * Maria Arena Bell, American writer
 * Marie Arena (born 1966), Belgian politician
 * Maurizio Arena (1933–1979), Italian actor
 * Romina Arena (born 1980), Italian-American singer-songwriter
 * Sammy Arena, American music artist
 * Tina Arena (born 1967), Australian singer
 * Tony Arena, American football player
 * Tony Arena, known as Anonymous Boy, American queer artist, writer, and filmmaker
 * Walter Arena (born 1964), Italian race walker

Computing

 * Arena (software), simulation software
 * Arena (web browser), a web browser developed by the W3C for testing support for HTML 3 and Cascading Style Sheets
 * Arena allocation, a memory management technique that allows for efficient deallocation

Sports

 * Arena football, a variety of gridiron football
 * Arena Football League, an American indoor football league
 * Arena (swimwear), an Italian brand of competitive swimwear

Acronyms
ARENA may refer to:
 * Australian Renewable Energy Agency, a government agency
 * National Renewal Alliance Party, a former political party of Brazil
 * Nationalist Republican Alliance, a political party of El Salvador

Other uses

 * Arena (countermeasure), a Russian active protection system for tanks
 * Arena Pharmaceuticals, a biopharmaceutical company located in San Diego, California
 * Arena station (UTA) in Salt Lake City
 * Arena tram stop (Croydon) in the London Borough of Croydon
 * Arena tram stop (Sheffield) on the Sheffield Supertram network in Sheffield, UK

title: Arena (disambiguation)


text:
Portal talk:Africa

Central African Republic
I've just noticed that the Central African Republic article talks about elections that are due to be held in March 2005. What happened to them? Did they happen or were they posptponed/cancelled? Thryduulf 13:47, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hello,

I am seeking to enter in contact with editors on the english wikipedia, living in African countries. This is at the same time for Wikimania and to prepare a report on African participation to Wikipedia. If you fit the profile, or know someone who fits the profile, please contact me on my user talk page or by email at anthere9ATyahoo.com

Thanks.

Anthere 05:41, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

African COTW
Revolución has created a African COTW if anyone here is interested. Falphin 7 July 2005 22:59 (UTC)
 * African Collaboration of the Week — mark ✎ 7 July 2005 23:04 (UTC)

African Architecture
African architecture should look into spirituality of human made objects and how that power can empower the less privileged. Consider the principalities behind one’s own belief in perspective of human existence 105.112.37.170 (talk) 18:40, 11 June 2022 (UTC)

Chilinda District
Does anyone have any additional information to Chilinda District? It looks to me like it's a fake. There is a place in Chinsali District, but not a district. Regards Peter in s (talk) 07:46, 31 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Africa


text:
Island Farm

Island Farm, also called Camp 198, was a prisoner of war camp on the outskirts of the town of Bridgend, South Wales. It hosted a number of Axis prisoners, mainly German, and was the scene of the largest escape attempt by German POWs in Britain during World War II. Near the end of the war it was renamed Special Camp XI and used to detain many senior SS military leaders who were awaiting extradition to the Nuremberg trials.

Early history of the camp
Island Farm Camp was originally built as a hostel for female workers employed at a munitions factory in Bridgend, but conditions at the hostel were so dreary that the women preferred to travel, as much as 30 mi, from their homes each day. The camp remained empty until 1943, when it was used to accommodate American troops who would subsequently be involved in the Allied invasion of France.

After the invasion the authorities had to find suitable accommodation for large numbers of POWs captured in Europe. The prefabricated concrete huts surrounded by open fields at Island Farm were considered ideal, although the barracks had to be converted and barbed wire fences erected. This work had not been completed by the time the first batch of prisoners arrived, so the prisoners were put to work completing the conversion.

Island Farm was designated as Camp 198 and was to hold almost 2,000 prisoners. The first POWs were a mixture of Italian and German troops, but the War Office soon decided that the camp was too comfortable for enlisted men and that German officers should be held there. The first officer prisoners arrived in November 1944.

'The German Great Escape'
Soon after their arrival at Island Farm the POWs began escape efforts, with two tunnels being dug in the camp. The first was discovered in January 1945, but the second escaped detection and on 10 March 1945, 70 prisoners escaped through a tunnel dug from Hut Nine (the only hut now left standing). The tunnel was about 30 ft long and breached the perimeter fence.

Some of the techniques used by the inmates were ingenious and resembled those shown in the (postwar) war film The Great Escape about Allied POWs. Excavating the tunnels was not easy because of the heavy clay soil upon which the camp was built. Cans, meat tins, and even knives from the canteen were used as digging implements. The soil was hauled out of the tunnel on a makeshift skip and put into kit bags. At first, prisoners carried the soil in their pockets to the long-jump pit or garden plots. Others kneaded clay into balls and dropped them through a hole in a false wall they had constructed in an unused room in one of the huts. To support the tunnel roof, oak benches were stolen from the canteen and bed legs were cut down when supplies of wood were depleted. A ventilation pipeline was made from condensed milk tins; air was forced through by a hand-operated fan. The tunnel even had its own electric lights, tapped off the mains supply. Noise was concealed by chorus singing.

The escapees were divided into groups, each of which was equipped with a map, homemade compass, and food. Each person in the group also had identity papers, produced in the camp. All these preparations required tremendous organization, yet it is not known who actually organized the escape. For security purposes, each escaper’s identity was known only to the others in his small group. This anonymity protected them against betrayal and prevented discovery of the full extent of the escape.

At around 10pm on March 10, the prisoners made their move; a few stole the local doctor's car and got as far as Birmingham, at least 120 mi away, and another group got to the port of Southampton. The prisoners knew their way around through crude but accurate drawings of Wales and the surrounding area, mainly of railway lines and principal roads.

In his book, The German Great Escape, Peter Phillips claims that 84 prisoners actually got out, eclipsing the 76 Allied POWs who broke out of Stalag Luft III; the inspiration for the film The Great Escape. Fourteen were captured very soon afterwards, allowing officials to announce, for propaganda reasons, that only 70 had escaped. All the escapees were eventually recaptured, although this is also disputed by Phillips, who claims that three escapees spotted in Kent were never caught.

After the escape
Only three weeks after the escape, on 31 March 1945, the authorities suddenly transferred all 1,600 officers out of Island Farm Camp. It was then designated Special Camp Eleven and was prepared to receive senior German officers, many of whom had been captured in France and were awaiting trial at Nuremberg. In all there were 160 officers holding the rank of general, admiral, or field marshal, including a number of Hitler's closest advisers:
 * Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt, commander in chief of the German armies in the campaign against France in 1940 (because of his status, von Rundstedt received certain privileges at the camp, including his own private suite, consisting of a sitting room and bedroom).
 * Field Marshal Erich von Manstein, who established the operation plans for Hitler's successful campaign in the west and commanded the Eleventh Army, which conquered the Crimea and Sevastopol on the eastern front.
 * Field Marshal Walther von Brauchitsch, who was named commander in chief of the German army by Hitler in 1938 and who was instrumental in the planning and execution of attacks on Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Yugoslavia, Greece, and the Soviet Union.
 * Field Marshal Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, who was involved in the Battle of Paris and was in charge of Army Group A from 1942 until 1944.
 * Generaloberst Heinrich von Vietinghoff, Supreme Commander of the 10th German Army in Italy, 1943 to 1945, which the Germans referred to as the Southwestern Front.
 * Generaloberst Gotthard Heinrici, commander of Army Group Vistula, who defended Berlin against three Red armies in the last battle of the European theater.
 * Vice-Admiral Friedrich Frisius whose garrison held out in Fortress Dunkirk until the very end of the war.

Island Farm Camp finally closed in 1948, when the last prisoners were returned to Germany.

In 2016, an archaeology investigation was undertaken of the site to look for the escape tunnel, including surface surveying using lidar and geophysics. An intrusive investigation found the tunnel to be in relatively good condition, still containing the wooden support shoring.

Inmates of note
The following list is in alphabetical order:

 * Hermann Behrends, SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei
 * Hans-Georg Benthack, Generalmajor
 * Günther Blumentritt, General der Infanterie
 * Franz Böhme, General der Gebirgstruppe
 * Walter Braemer, General der Kavallerie and SS-Gruppenführer
 * Walther von Brauchitsch, Generalfeldmarschall
 * Helmuth Brinkmann, Kriegsmarine Vizeadmiral
 * Friedrich Freiherr von Broich, Generalleutnant
 * Karl Brunner, SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Polizei
 * Eduard Crasemann, General der Artillerie
 * Walter Dornberger, Generalmajor
 * Friedrich Fahnert, General der Luftnachrichtentruppe
 * Alexander von Falkenhausen, General der Infanterie
 * Heinz Fiebig, Generalmajor
 * Hermann Franz, SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Polizei
 * Friedrich Frisius, Kriegsmarine Vizeadmiral
 * Walter Grabmann, Generalmajor
 * Franz Halder, Generaloberst
 * Wilhelm Harster, SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei
 * Ludwig Heilmann, Luftwaffe Generalmajor
 * Ferdinand Heim, Generalleutnant
 * Gotthard Heinrici, Generaloberst
 * Traugott Herr, General der Panzertruppe
 * Hermann Hölter, Generalleutnant
 * Friedrich Hüffmeier, Kriegsmarine Vizeadmiral
 * Kurt Jahn, General der Artillerie
 * Leo von Jena, SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS
 * Jürgen von Kamptz, SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei
 * Alfred Keller, Luftwaffe Generaloberst
 * Heinrich Kirchheim, Generalleutnant
 * Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, Generalfeldmarschall
 * Theodor Krancke, Kriegsmarine Admiral
 * Heinrich Kreipe, Generalmajor
 * Werner Lorenz, SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS
 * Kurt Lottner, Generalmajor
 * Siegfried Macholz, Generalleutnant
 * Erich von Manstein, Generalfeldmarschall
 * Eugen Meindl, Luftwaffe General der Fallschirmtruppe
 * Herbert Olbrich, Luftwaffe Generalleutnant
 * Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke, Luftwaffe General der Fallschirmtruppe
 * Johann von Ravenstein, Generalleutnant
 * Ernst-August Roth, Luftwaffe Generalleutnant
 * Gerd von Rundstedt, Generalfeldmarschall
 * Alfred Schlemm, Luftwaffe General der Fallschirmtruppe
 * Artur Schmitt, Generalleutnant
 * Hans-Georg von Seidel, Luftwaffe General der Flieger
 * Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin, General der Panzertruppe
 * Ferdinand Maria von Senger und Etterlin, Oberleutnant
 * Curt Siewert, Generalleutnant
 * Max Simon, SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS
 * Jakob Sporrenberg, SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei
 * Adolf Strauss, Generaloberst
 * Kurt Student, Luftwaffe Generaloberst
 * Willy Tensfeld, SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Polizei
 * Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma, General der Panzertruppe
 * Helmut Thumm, General der Infanterie
 * Kurt von Tippelskirch, General der Infanterie
 * Heinrich von Vietinghoff, Generaloberst
 * Hans Voss, Kriegsmarine Konteradmiral
 * Karl Wolff, SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS
 * Rudolf Wulf, Generalmajor

title: Island Farm


text:
Talk:Lake, Kentucky

Untitled
The lake is not in Laurel County. http://www.recreation.gov/detail.cfm?ID=1976

Nevermind that. I thought it was talking about the lake in western kentucky.

title: Talk:Lake, Kentucky


text: User talk:84.9.60.3

title: User talk:84.9.60.3


text:
File:Absolutely.jpg

Summary
Absolutely by the band Madness.

Licensing
==fair use in Absolutely (album)==
 * 1) It is a low resolution copy of a vinyl album cover.
 * 2) It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the vinyl album in any way.
 * 3) Copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) No free alternative

title: File:Absolutely.jpg


text:
Zekr (software)

Zekr (Arabic:ذكر) is an open source Quranic desktop application. It is an open platform Quran study tool for browsing and researching the Quran. Zekr is a Quran-based project, planned to be a universal, open source, and cross-platform application to perform most of the usual refers to the Quran, according to the project website. Zekr is included in the default installation of Sabily Linux distribution.

Zekr is capable of having multiple add-ons, that is different translation packs, themes, recitations and revelation packs.

As of Zekr 0.7.0, it is possible to search through different Quran translations, both with indexed (Lucene-based) search and basic search. Moreover, this release introduces paging support for Quran text.

Zekr accepts different add-ons to make the application as customizable as possible. Currently, it accepts different Quraan translation packs, language packs, Quran revelation order pack and theme packs. Revelation order packs are used to sort search results based on different revelation order schemes.

Zekr comes with an NSIS installer for Windows and an Application bundle for Mac. There is always a base .tar.gz package for (all) Linux machines, as well as Debian packages for Debian-compliant Linux distributions.

title: Zekr (software)


text:
User talk:Nathan hill

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:03, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nathan hill


text:
Jan Eggum

Jan Eggum (born 8 December 1951) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter. He has been characterized as a "face for the melancholy", and the themes in his songs often revolve around broken hearts, loneliness, and sorrow. Sometimes, his lyrics include social criticism, but he also reveals trivial and funny sides of himself.

Career
Eggum was born in Bergen but started as a pub singer in London, making his living for two years writing songs in English. One of his most famous songs – "En natt forbi" ("A night is over") – was originally written in English under the title "Alone, Awake".

He obtained a record contract in 1975 with the Norwegian record company CBS and recorded his debut album, "Trubadur" that autumn. His breakthrough came after his third release, the album "Heksedans" in 1977. This album earned him the Norwegian award Spellemannsprisen, and includes such classics as such classics as "Mor, jeg vil tilbake".

Since this, Eggum has been one of Norway's most well known artists, both as a solo artist and with others. An example of the latter is his membership in Gitarkameratene with fellow guitarists Lillebjørn Nilsen, Øystein Sunde and Halvdan Sivertsen.

Eggum has been a minor political candidate for the Norwegian Green Party. He has three children, Frida (born 1980), Bastian (born 2006) and Hennika (born 2009).

Albums

 * Jan Eggum (1975)
 * Trubadur (1976)
 * Heksedans (1977)
 * En natt forbi (1979)
 * En sang fra vest (1979)
 * 5 år med Jan Eggum – 14 utvalgte sanger (1980)
 * Alarmen går (1982)
 * E.G.G.U.M. (1985)
 * Da Capo (1990)
 * Underveis (1991)
 * Nesten ikke tilstede (1993)
 * Mang slags kjærlighet (1994)
 * Dingli bang (1997)
 * Deilig (1999)
 * Ekte Eggum (2001)
 * President (2002)
 * Alle gjør det (2004)
 * 30/30 (2005)
 * Hjerteknuser (2007)

Singles

 * En sang fra vest / Kort opphold (1979)
 * Alarmen går / Vest for Voss (1981)
 * En helt ny dag / Sommeren nytes best om vinteren (1984)
 * Utenfor (1988) (with Bjørn Eidsvåg, Sidsel Endresen, Silje Nergård)

With other artists

 * Various artists: VisFestivalen Västervik 1978 (1978)
 * Various artists: Norske viser i 70-åra (1980)
 * United artists: Sammen for livet (1985)
 * Various artists: Utenfor/Naken hud (1988)
 * Gitarkameratene: Gitarkameratene (1989)
 * Gitarkameratene: Typisk norsk (1990)
 * Various artists: Æ – en tribute til Åge Aleksandersen (1992)
 * Gustav Lorentzen: 1. klasse (1992)
 * Various artists: Det beste av norsk musikk 1978–1980 (1998)
 * Various artists: Solide saker – en hyllest til Dumdum Boys (1999)
 * Vamp (band): En annen sol (2000)
 * Various artists: Norske viseperler (2000)
 * Various artists: Antons villfaring (2002) (Musical from Erlend Loe/Jan Eggum)
 * Various artists: Gull i fra grønne skoger: Vidar Sandbeck (2003)
 * Kaia Huuse: Trist og fint (2004)
 * Various artists: Norsk rocks historie vol. 5: Viserock (1969–1977) (2004)
 * Various artists: Venn (2005)

Eurovision Song Contest

 * Deilige Drøm (1988) (ranked as number 10 in the Norwegian final)

title: Jan Eggum


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject UK geography/How to write about counties

At the WikiProject UK geography, we believe the counties of the United Kingdom are important subjects. In order to facilitate the development of these subdivisions of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland the following guidance has been put together.

In the United Kingdom, the meaning of "county" can be confusing. There are several types of official administrative area that are described as counties due to historical modifications of the borders, and because the extent of the "administrative county boundaries" are often not exactly the same as the ceremonial and ancient county boundaries by of the same name; the counties of England and Wales have undergone vast geographic transformation in the last few centuries; the counties of Scotland were officially abolished but their territory (in some cases) exist with a ceremonial role; likewise the counties of Northern Ireland have no administrative role, but are used for geographic demarcation and lieutenancy.

In respect of England, Scotland and Wales, a fundamental part of this guide is to reaffirm the long established position that we do not take the view that the historic/ancient/traditional counties still exist with the former boundaries. Unless (using consensus) a good reason is made not to, the article should describe any administrative and ceremonial changes differences within one article, including any difference in the statistics between them. In England and Wales, where the historic county boundaries are different to modern boundaries the article should discuss these differences, and not be split into new "Historic county of Exampleshire" articles.

Where counties have been abolished or no longer serve any municipal role (such as Middlesex or Ross-shire) these should have their own articles, but maintain that they no longer function as contemporary counties/subdivisions of territory.

Guidance
As mentioned, there are several types of official administrative area that are described as counties. They differ from each other in significant ways; some have a county council, some are dominated by conurbations, others no longer function with any administrative, municipal or statistical role. Systems also differ between the United Kingdom's home nations. As such, the guidance is split according to type of county.

Hit [Show] in the upper box to reveal the guidance. Please widen your window if the display is distorted.

Optional extra sections

 * Notable people – two or three paragraphs mentioning some of the notable current and former residents of the county and what they are notable for. This should preferably be prose, not a list.  An alternative to this section is spread information about notable people throughout the article in other sections: historical figures in History, politicians in Politics, artists in Culture, etc.
 * Culture – theatre, fine art, music, dance, architecture, food originating from the county, festivals, carnivals, etc

Additional sub-pages

 * The county should come with a page List of places in Exampleshire which lists all of the settlements in the county, and in a separate section lists places of interest, such as tourist attractions. The list may additionally include a section listing other sub-divisions, such as districts and parliamentary constituencies). These pages should not be used for counties with no contemporary municipal, administrative or statistical role (i.e. former counties).
 * The county should come with a page at WikiMedia Commons containing media (e.g. photographs, diagrams) relating to the county. This is linked with commons in the external links section.

Dos and Don'ts

 * Per WP:TRIVIA, do not use a "trivia", "miscellaneous" or "other facts" section.
 * Per WP:LIST, avoid using lists wherever possible (particularly for "notable people" or "subdivisions"), consider using tables, diagrams or prose.
 * Per WP:DATE and WP:CONTEXT, do not link standalone years. Only link full dates or dates with a day and a month. The same applies to dates in the footnotes.
 * Avoid describing named-areas that are verifiably part of a wider settlement as "districts" or "suburbs", unless citation supports this. Whilst these two terms have common usages, they also indicate a specific and technical geographic term to which an area may not actually conform.
 * Per WP:EL and WP:SPAM, be reluctant to add external links unless they are essential, and always restrict them to the "External links" section, or to within an appropriately tagged reference.

Grammar and layout checklist

 * The lead needs to adequately summarize the content of the article.
 * There should not be anything in the lead not mentioned in the rest of the article.
 * Only make wikilinks that are relevant to the context. Common words do not need wikilinking.
 * A word only needs to be wikilinked once within each section.
 * It is not recommended to specify the size of images. The sizes should be what readers have specified in their user preferences.
 * Text should not be sandwiched between two adjacent images.
 * All fair-use images need a fair use rationale.
 * Image captions should not end with a full-stop if the caption does not form a complete sentence.
 * Book references need the author, publisher, publishing date and page number.
 * Web references need the author, publisher, publishing date, access date, language (if not English) and format (if a PDF file).
 * Blogs and personal websites are not reliable sources.
 * Inline citations belong immediately after punctuation marks.
 * Each "notable resident" needs a reference.
 * Portal links belong in the "see also" section.
 * "Further info" links belong at the top of sections.
 * Include lists only if they cannot be made into prose or their own article.
 * Lists within prose should be avoided.
 * Unspaced en dashes are used for ranges. Unspaced em dashes or spaced en dashes are used for punctuation. The same applies to dashes in the footnotes. See WP:MOS.
 * " " (non-breaking space) should be typed between numbers and units.
 * Imperial measurements should be accompanied by the metric equivalent in brackets, and vice versa. If possible, use a conversion template, e.g. 5 mi.
 * Whole numbers under ten should be spelled out as words, except when in lists, tables or infoboxes.
 * Sentences should not start with a numeral. Either recast the sentence or spell the number out.
 * Usually, only the first word in a section heading needs a capital letter.
 * Short sections and paragraphs are discouraged.
 * The words "current", "recent" & "to date" should be avoided as they become outdated.
 * Ampersands should not be used, except when in a name, e.g., Marks & Spencer.
 * Southeast is one word (and may or may not be hyphenated). This does not apply when it is the name of an area, e.g. South East England.
 * In longer sentences, a comma may be needed before "and", "due to", "such as", "including", "as", "because" or "but".
 * "Past few years" has a different meaning to "last few years".
 * "Within" has a different meaning to "in".
 * Full-stops are needed after each initial in someone's name.
 * Hyphens should not be placed after words ending in ly, e.g. widely-used phrase (except if the ly word could also describe the noun, e.g. friendly-looking man)
 * Do not use contractions, such as "can't" and "they're".
 * "While" should only be used when emphasising that two events occur at the same time, or when emphasising contrast. It should not be used as an additive link.
 * Using "with" as an additive link can lead to wordy and awkward prose, e.g. the town has ten councillors, with one being the district mayor → the town has ten councillors; one is the district mayor
 * Beginning a sentence with "there", when it does not stand for anything, leads to wordy prose, e.g. There are ten houses in the village → The village has ten houses. The same applies to "it".
 * Avoid weasel words, such as "it is believed that", "is widely regarded as", "some have claimed".
 * Avoid peacock terms, such as "beautiful", "famous", "popular", "well-known", "significant", "important" and "obvious".
 * Avoid informal or words, such as "carry out" and "pub".
 * Avoid overly-formal or archaic words, such as "circa", "utilise", "whilst", "upon", "commence" and "prior".
 * Avoid wordy terms, such as "the majority of" and "a number of".
 * Avoid vague words, such as "various", "many", "several", "long" and "almost"
 * Avoid phrases with redundant words, such as "is located in", "the two are both", "they brought along", "they have plans to", "they were all part of", "the last ones to form", "both the towns", "outside of the town", "all of the towns", "received some donations", "still exists today", "it also includes others", "many different towns", "available records show" and "in the year 2007".

English ceremonial county infobox images

 * Infoboxes may contain image collages, but they should consist of no more than four images in no more than three rows. These limits may be exceeded only if there is a compelling reason to do so, subject to local consensus. The images should be captioned beneath the collage.

 * The images selected for the collage should represent the county thematically, for example by including prominent cultural, historic, or natural landmarks. It is desirable for at least one major settlement to be represented. Images should be carefully selected to ensure they are legible at small size, and where possible they should form a coherent whole.

Note: this guidance should also apply to Wales.
 * The example is taken from Devon. It shows two natural features, a landmark in a major city, and a distinctive breed of pony, therefore giving an overview of the county. The images are arranged so that they can be seen clearly and their colours complement each other.

Local authorities
When a council becomes a unitary authority like Somerset Council but keeps the same boundaries it should be covered in a single article even if like Buckinghamshire Council the council was abolished and reformed with the same boundaries. If like Dorset County Council/Dorset Council (UK) there were boundary changes it should be considered on a case by case basis if separate articles should exist with the default to having separate articles. Factors that may also be taken into account if separate articles are needed or not as well as the difference in boundaries include the time gap between abolishment and formation, if one council was a 2 tier and the other was a unitary and if the names of the councils are identical of merely similar. When a council like Lancashire County Council was reformed in 1974 (1973 in Northern Ireland and 1975 in Scotland) with the same name it should not be split into separate articles for pre 1974 and post 1974. This applies even if there were boundary changes.


text:
User talk:Hussaia7

Dear Sir/ Madam I am a student of South Bank University who makes regular use of your Wikipedia web site, as it is a very reliable source of information. However I was very surprised when I went on to the site relating to ‘Oona King’ the Labour party candidate for the 2005 general election in the constituency of Bethnal Green and Bow. I found there to be much misinformation in what is relatively a very small article. The article also seems to instigate religious and racial hatred to some extent because of the provocative manner it was written in. it is common belief that big organisation such as Wikipedia must keep some form of objectivity even though at times it can be difficult.

The article states that Oona King was attacked by “ Islamic Fundamentalist who slashed the tyres on her car, pelted her with eggs and vegetables and made threats to kill.” This is untrue, as Islamic fundamentalist had nothing to do with this according to most reliable news sources who have attributed this act to anti- war demonstrators who were angry with Ms King support of the war. In fact, surprisingly there was no complaint made of such as case to the police according to investigation carried out by other organisation into Ms King ordeal. On the contrary, it was George Galloway who was attacked by Islamic Fundamentalist and as a result police got involved. This might be something you would like to correct in you article.

The Article, bearing in mind the previous point on the Islamic Fundamentalist, trys to give the impression that Ms King was denied her democratic right in campaigning in the general election in a Muslim majority constituency because she was Jewish. However, this is completely false because she was elected in the same constituency on two other elections. Some of the provocative extracts were used in your article it seem deliberately to give that kind picture to the public. For example:

“That, and the fact her former seat has a large Muslim population,”

Oona King “Born in 1967 to a Jewish mother (Hazel)”

“For me, racism is not an academic point. My father is black and my mother is Jewish”

“…she, as a Jew, was responsible for the death of their Lord...”

“Extremism breeds extremism.”

In reality, religion and race had nothing to do with the campaign in this area because there is a large ethnic minority group in Bethnal Green and Bow and Oona king belonged to an ethnic minority group herself. She was elected on two other occasions but she lost her seat this time to a person who was white and non-Muslim. This simply shows that the out come and events surrounding the campaign was due to the values each candidates held and not because of the colour of their skin or their religion.

Please could you kindly review these points in your article and correct the mistakes as appropriate

Thank you for your time. Abul Hussain

title: User talk:Hussaia7


text: Talk:Louisburg College

title: Talk:Louisburg College


text:
Category:Indoor arenas in the United States

Most of Wikipedia's articles about indoor arenas in the United States have also been allocated to one or more of the categories for individual sports, but they should also be left in the appropriate "indoor arenas by state" subcategory of this category as most indoor arenas also stage other events such as concerts or conventions, or occasional events in sports which do not provide their regular tenants, e.g. tennis, gymnastics, boxing or rodeo. However it is not necessary to categorise the individual arenas as music venues or concert halls because this category is a subcategory of category:music venues in the United States.

Some of the subcategories contain a few Canadian arenas.


text:
Wabbit Twouble

Wabbit Twouble is a Merrie Melodies cartoon starring Bugs Bunny, produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions and released on December 20, 1941, by Warner Bros. Pictures.

Plot
Elmer Fudd embarks on a journey to Jellostone National Park, aiming for a tranquil retreat. Upon arrival, he sets up his campsite, unknowingly positioning his tent over Bugs Bunny's rabbit hole. A mischievous Bugs Bunny plays a series of pranks on Elmer, including altering the time on his alarm clock and leading him to believe it is nighttime when it's actually daytime.

As Elmer tries to go about his routine, Bugs continues his antics, leading Elmer into perilous situations such as hanging off a cliff and encountering a grizzly bear. Despite Elmer's attempts to confront Bugs, the rabbit always manages to evade him, leading to further chaos and frustration for Elmer.

Eventually, Elmer's frustration boils over, and he vandalizes a park sign out of anger, leading to his arrest for destruction of government property. In an ironic twist, Elmer finds himself sharing a jail cell with Bugs and the bear he encountered earlier, adding to his woes.

Production notes
This is the first of several Bugs Bunny films that refer to Elmer Fudd's speech impediment, with the names of Bob Clampett, Sidney Sutherland, and Carl Stalling, as well as the roles of Story, Supervision, and Musical Direction, intentionally misspelled in the credits to match the speech impediment.

Tex Avery began the project which Clampett finished; Avery is not credited on screen. This was the first Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd cartoon directed by Clampett, with a story by Dave Monahan and musical direction by Carl W. Stalling. Although Sid Sutherland is the only credited animator, the short was also animated by Virgil Ross, Rod Scribner, and Robert McKimson. Mel Blanc provided the voices for Bugs and the bear, and Arthur Q. Bryan provided the voice for Elmer.

For the cartoon, Elmer was redesigned as a fat man (based on voice actor Arthur Q. Bryan's own physique) in an attempt to make him funnier. The "fat Elmer" would only make three more appearances in the Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies canon – The Wabbit Who Came to Supper, The Wacky Wabbit and Fresh Hare, in addition to a cameo appearance in the war bond advertisement Any Bonds Today? – before returning to the slimmer form by which he is better known, for The Hare-Brained Hypnotist. This cartoon was the only time, though, that the "fat Elmer" also had a red nose. This is also the only cartoon with the "fat" version of Elmer still under copyright; all other "Fat Elmer" cartoons are in the public domain. Cartoon Network's anthology series ToonHeads later focused an episode on this particular design for Elmer in 1999 with "The Year Elmer Fudd Got Fat", which included Wabbit Twouble.

Reception
Animation historian David Gerstein writes, "Wabbit Twouble represents a variant on the trickster of fable and myth who doesn't wait to pester first. Clampett's Bugs invades others' lives for the fun of it—especially when those others seem, like Elmer, to be easy targets... Bugs has immediately identified Elmer as the perfect patsy and mocks his girth and mannerisms. From the point of view of the classic trickster, some people simply deserve a hard time."

Big Chungus
In December 2018, a still from the short depicting Bugs mocking Elmer by imitating his likeness became an Internet meme. The meme originated from fictitious cover art for a video game titled Big Chungus (with "chungus" being a neologism coined by video game journalist Jim Sterling in 2012) which featured the still and was popularized by a Facebook post by a GameStop manager in Colorado Springs, who alleged that a customer had inquired about purchasing the fictional game as a gift for her son.

In April 2021, the character was added to the mobile game Looney Tunes World of Mayhem. Big Chungus was briefly featured in the 2021 film Space Jam: A New Legacy, and eventually received a trademark from Warner Bros. themselves.

Home media

 * DVD – Looney Tunes Golden Collection, Volume 1
 * Blu-ray – Looney Tunes Platinum Collection, Volume 2
 * Streaming – Boomerang, Max

title: Wabbit Twouble


text:
Talk:MERLIN

Some questions:
 * Are the microwave links analog or digital?
 * Will the optical fibre links be analog or digital?
 * Is the correlator analog, or digital or a hybrid of both?

Will the new correlator be all-digital, or a hybrid? - The Anome 13:57, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

Some answers:
 * The microwave links are currently analog. They used to be digital but they were put back to analog to increase the bandwidth.
 * The optical fibre links are digital
 * The current correlator is a hybrid (as it takes in analog). The e-MERLIN correlator will be digital.

- Shortbread 13:21, Jul 21, 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:MERLIN


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Poland/to do

See Category:Articles needing translation from Polish Wikipedia for articles to translate. `

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Poland/to do


text:
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, (HMGCLD) also known as HMGCL deficiency, HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, or hydroxymethylglutaric aciduria, is an uncommon autosomal recessive inborn error in ketone body production and leucine breakdown caused by HMGCL gene mutations. HMGCL, located on chromosome 1p36.11's short arm, codes for HMG-CoA lyase, which aids in the metabolism of dietary proteins by converting HMG-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency presents in various ways, from severe neonatal symptoms to adult symptoms. Symptoms include frequent vomiting, convulsions, and decreased alertness. Laboratory results include higher plasma/serum transaminase activity, hyperammonemia, acidosis, hypoglycemia, and an increased anion gap.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency can be identified during newborn screening using tandem mass spectrometry, and is confirmed by enzyme activity testing in lymphocytes, immortalized lymphoblastoid cells, or fibroblasts, as well as HMGCL gene mutation studies.

There are no controlled treatment studies for 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, making it difficult to determine the need for specific diet or carnitine supplements. The main therapy is avoiding fasting, with L-carnitine supplementation potentially detoxifying and preventing secondary insufficiency.

Signs and symptoms
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency can appear in a variety of ways in terms of clinical presentation, from a severe neonatal onset with potentially fatal consequences to an adult presentation. Clinical signs of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency appear either early in the neonatal stage or later in the first year of life. Typically, nonspecific symptoms such as frequent vomiting, convulsions, and decreased alertness are displayed by patients. Typical laboratory results include higher plasma/serum transaminase activity, hyperammonemia, acidosis, hypoglycemia, and an increased anion gap.

Causes
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency is the result of HMGCL gene mutations. HMGCL is found on chromosome 1p36.11's short arm and codes for the enzyme 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase (HMG-CoA lyase). This mitochondrial enzyme contributes to the metabolism of dietary proteins by converting HMG-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, which is the last stage of the breakdown of leucine and fat for energy. As a result, the body is unable to produce ketone bodies, which are necessary for generating energy during fasting. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency is passed down as an autosomal recessive trait.

Mechanism
The pathophysiology of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, like that of many other inborn errors of metabolism, can be explained by the accumulation of potentially harmful metabolites (leucine) and a lack of products (ketone bodies). Hypoglycemia severely impairs counterregulatory compensation because it affects leucine catabolism as well as fat oxidation, which results in secondary metabolic dysfunction. Metabolite levels in the leucine oxidation pathway may be significantly raised, including 3-MGL and 3-HIVA. Additionally, patients with MRI spectroscopy have shown 3-HIVA and 3-HMG, suggesting that these proximal metabolites may play a role in pathogenesis. Depletion of Coenzyme A recycling for other activities can also result from intramitochondrial buildup of acetyl-coA. The relationship between 3-MGC accumulation as a measure of mitochondrial malfunction and leucine oxidation in terms of symptomatology is still unknown.

Diagnosis
Since 3-hydroxy isovaleryl carnitine (C5-OH) is typically elevated in this condition, 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency can be identified during newborn screening by testing it using tandem mass spectrometry methodology. Enzyme activity testing in lymphocytes, immortalized lymphoblastoid cells, or fibroblasts, as well as HMGCL gene mutation studies, may confirm the diagnosis of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency.

Treatment
As with other uncommon inherited metabolic illnesses, there are no controlled treatment studies for 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency. Consequently, it is impossible to make any judgments about whether a particular diet or carnitine supplements are required. Clinical reports and pathobiochemical considerations suggest that the mainstay of therapy is avoiding fasting. L-carnitine supplementation may have detoxifying properties, prevent intracellular loss of free coenzyme A, and prevent secondary L-carnitine insufficiency.

Outlook
The overall mortality rate of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency is 16%.

Epidemiology
The incidence of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency is fewer than 1/100,000 live births.

History
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency was initially reported in 1976, and the gene was discovered and cloned in 1993. The first case in the literature was published in Western Australia in 1976, with usual findings of hypoglycemia and acidosis.


text:
USS Chemung

Two ships of the United States Navy have been named Chemung, after the river in New York State.

 * USS Chemung (AT-18), an ocean tug built and launched in 1917 as USS Pocahontas.
 * USS Chemung (AO-30), commissioned in 1941 and served until decommissioning in 1970.

title: USS Chemung


text:
Redorer son blason

Redorer son blason (literally "to re-gild one's coat of arms") was a social practice taking place in France before the French Revolution, whereby a poor aristocratic family married a daughter to a rich commoner. This enabled the aristocratic family to recover financially through the hefty bride price usually asked from the commoner. On the other hand, the commoner was allowed to add the aristocratic name of his bride (with the nobiliary particle "de") to his own family name, and this was dearly sought.

This social practice was frowned upon by aristocratic families less in need, who looked with contempt or pity at the aristocratic families that had to re-gild their coat of arms. They called such an alliance with a commoner a mésalliance ("misalliance, marriage beneath one's station"), and the practice was often called déchoir ("to fall from rank") or salir son blason ("to dirty one's coat of arms"). As in most of Europe, noble children who married commoners would lose their noble status and take on that of their spouses. In the worst-case scenario, if the poor aristocratic family died out with no other heir than the daughter married to the commoner, the family was said to "fall into commonalty" (tomber en roture).

As the French economy underwent drastic changes after the Middle Ages, many aristocratic families lost their position of power and wealth, and ended up in poverty. For those aristocratic families from the provinces and far from Paris, far away from power and its associated gratifications, redorer son blason was often the only way to remain afloat. This was usually a step taken in the last extremity, often seen as shameful and degrading. However, in a few cases, redorer son blason could also be prestigious, such as was the case for the aristocratic families who married daughters with members of the Colbert family.

Modern usage
Today in France, the phrase is still used, but in a different context, meaning "to regain prestige" or "to improve one's image". An example of this contemporary usage in French newspapers is the Le Point headline: "Les maires FN veulent redorer leur blason".

title: Redorer son blason