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Otto I, Duke of Saxony

Otto (c. 830/835/51 – 30 November 912), called the Illustrious (Otto der Erlauchte) by later authors, was a notable member of the Ottonian dynasty and Duke of Saxony from 880 until his death in 912. He played an important role in early medieval history of Germany during the 9th and 10th centuries, known for his military campaigns and diplomatic efforts.

Family
Otto was the younger son of the Saxon count Liudolf (d. 866), the progenitor of the dynasty, and his wife Oda (d. 913), daughter of the Saxon princeps Billung. Among his siblings were his eldest brother Bruno, heir to their father's estates, and Liutgard, who in 876 became Queen of East Francia as consort of the Carolingian king Louis the Younger. The marriage expressed Liudolf's dominant position in the Saxon lands.

Around 873 Otto himself married Hathui (d. 903), probably daughter of the Frankish princeps militiae Henry of Franconia, a member of the noble House of Babenberg (Popponids). By her he had two sons, Thankmar and Liudolf, who predeceased him, but his third son Henry the Fowler succeeded him as duke of Saxony and was later elected king of East Francia. Otto's daughter Oda married the Carolingian King Zwentibold of Lotharingia, son of Emperor Arnulf.

His family came to be known as the Liudolfinger after his father, Liudolf. Upon the accession of his grandson, Emperor Otto the Great, the dynasty came to be referred to as the Ottonian dynasty.

Reign
On 26 January 877, King Louis the Younger issued a charter to Gandersheim Abbey. The charter described the region of South Thuringia, known as ‘pago Suththuringa,’ as ‘in comitatu Ottonis,’ which means 'in Otto's country.' He succeeded his brother Bruno as Duke of Saxony after the latter's death in the Battle of Lüneburg Heath (Ebsdorf) on 2 February 880, while fighting against the Viking invaders.

Ruling over vast Saxon and Thuringian estates, Otto was mentioned as dux in later sources, while in a contemporary charter of 28 January 897, Otto is described as marchio and the pago Eichesfelden (Eichsfeld) is now found to be within his county (march). He was also the lay abbot of Hersfeld Abbey in 908 and fifty years later was described as magni ducis Oddonis (great duke Otto) by the chronicler Widukind of Corvey when describing the marriage of his sister Liutgard to King Louis.

Despite his dynastic relations, Otto only had loose connections to the Carolingian court and rarely left Saxony. He remained a regional East Frankish prince and his lieges, Louis the Younger and Emperor Arnulf, with both of whom he was on good terms, rarely interfered in Saxon autonomy. In his lands, Otto was prince in practice and he also established himself as a tributary ruler over the neighbouring Slavic tribes in the east, such as the Daleminzi.

According to Widukind of Corvey, the "Saxon and Franconian people" offered Otto the kingship of East Francia after the death of the last Carolingian monarch, Louis the Child, in 911. Otto did not accept the offer, possibly because he felt the burden of ruling was too heavy for him at his advanced age. Instead, suggesting Duke Conrad of Franconia. The truthfulness of this report is considered doubtful.

The next year, in 912, Otto died at the Pfalz of Wallhausen. He was buried in the church of Gandersheim Abbey.

title: Otto I, Duke of Saxony


text:
13 Moons

13 Moons is a 2002 comedy-drama film directed by Alexandre Rockwell. The title is a reference to the saying of a minor character's mother, who suggested that if nights of the full moon are strange, then "this must be the night of thirteen moons."

Plot
Bananas The Clown is run over by his wife Suzi who has discovered his stripper girlfriend Louise. When his wife is jailed for trying to run him over, they contact a bail bondsman. The bondsman is busy taking care of his sick son Timmy. On the way, they are accosted by a crazed drug addict named Slovo who is hit by a car soon after.

At the jail, the five meet up with an angry record producer and the girlfriend he believes to be pregnant whom he plans to make a star, despite her protestations of not having any talent. Also along for the ride are two priests, one of whom has begun to doubt the wisdom of the Roman Catholic Church, who are trailing to bail out a third priest who was goaded into a fight by the proprietor of a strip club.

When the nine characters intersect, they discover that Timmy has a defective kidney and is slowly dying. He has just been paged, as there is a donor at the hospital: Slovo. The three caring characters immediately take Timmy to the hospital, with the others in pursuit. By the time they arrive, Slovo is partially recovered and escapes to wander the streets, cheerfully ignoring his internal bleeding, and must be tracked down, before both he and Timmy die.

Cast

 * Jennifer Beals as Suzi
 * Elizabeth Bracco as Louise Potter
 * Steve Buscemi as Bananas The Clown
 * Peter Dinklage as "Binky"
 * Daryl Mitchell as Lenny
 * Karyn Parsons as Lily
 * David Proval as Mo Potter
 * Rose Rollins as Sanandra
 * Peter Stormare as Slovo
 * Pruitt Taylor Vince as Owen
 * Gareth Williams as Thad
 * Austin Wolff as Timmy
 * Francesco Messina as Robert
 * Sam Rockwell as Rick
 * Matthew Sussman as Dr. Monroe
 * Lester Speight as Vincent

Reception
In a 2023 review of the film, The Herald stated "“13 Moons,” from 2002, is not a good film, but it has a key insight that’s exceedingly rare in the filmmaking world. See, most bad movies end up that way because they tried to be good and failed. If being good was never the intention, though, strange new opportunities present themselves."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 13 Moons


text:
Talk:Benign fasciculation syndrome

On board
I am going to start through this article. I typically work in very small steps, and make a gazillion typos, which I eventually correct :) For now, I am only adding sources I will use to Further reading.  Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  15:34, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

Sleeplessness
Something missing from this topic (Benign Fasciculation Syndrome) is that if the muscle twitches (fasciculations) are continuous, they cause an inability to fall asleep at night, leading to exhaustion. This is one of the worst effects of this disorder, and ought to be mentioned and addressed in the article. Windemere2 (talk) 06:27, 8 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Benign fasciculation syndrome


text:
Infrared sauna

An infrared sauna uses infrared heaters to emit infrared light experienced as radiant heat which is absorbed by the surface of the skin. Infrared saunas are popular in alternative therapies, where they are claimed to help with a number of medical issues including autism, cancer, and COVID-19, but these claims are entirely pseudoscientific. Traditional saunas differ from infrared saunas in that they heat the body primarily by conduction and convection from the heated air and by radiation of the heated surfaces in the sauna room whereas infrared saunas primarily use just radiation.

Infrared saunas are also used in Infrared Therapy and Waon Therapy; while there is a small amount of preliminary evidence that these therapies correlate with a number of benefits, including reduced blood pressure, increased heart rate and increased left ventricular function, there are several problems with linking this evidence to alleged health benefits.

History
John Harvey Kellogg invented the use of radiant heat saunas with his incandescent electric light bath in 1891. He claimed that it stimulated healing in the body and in 1893 displayed his invention at the Chicago World's Fair. In 1896 the Radiant Heat Bath was patented by Kellogg and described in the patent as not depending on the heat in the air to heat the body but able to more quickly produce a sweat than traditional Turkish or Russian baths at a lower ambient temperature. The idea became popular, particularly in Germany where "Light Institutes" were set up. King Edward VII of England and Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany both had radiant heat baths set up in their various palaces. The modern concept of the infrared sauna was revived in the 1970s in Japan as Waon (Japanese: "soothing warmth") Therapy and neonatal beds for newborns use infrared elements to keep the baby warm without being stifled.

Description
Infrared saunas can be designed to look like traditional saunas but cheaper models can be in the form of a tent with an infrared element inside. In recent years, infrared sauna mats have also been developed that claim some of the same benefits as an infrared sauna. Infrared saunas differ from other types of sauna such as traditional Finnish saunas mainly in the method of heat delivery. Far infrared light, which is emitted in an infrared sauna at a wavelength of around 10 μm, is felt directly by the body in the form of radiated heat without the need to heat the air around the body first. This results in a lower ambient air temperature allowing for longer sustained stays in the sauna. Infrared light also penetrates the body deeply resulting in a fast and vigorous sweat being produced. The average ambient temperature in an infrared sauna is usually 40-60 C compared to 70-90 C in traditional saunas.

Effects
A 2009 literature review of research on far-infrared saunas (FIRS) concluded that there was limited moderate evidence supporting their efficacy in normalizing blood pressure and treating congestive heart failure. The review found fair evidence from a single study supporting FIRS therapy for chronic pain. They found fair evidence against claims that FIRS reduces cholesterol levels. They found weak evidence, from a single study, supporting FIRS therapy as treatment for obesity. All of the studies in the review were limited: they were small sample sizes, short duration, unvalidated symptom scales, and were conducted by the same core research group.

In February 2021 Steven Novella of Science-Based Medicine commented on the quality of studies in an article entitled "Infrared Saunas for 'Detoxification he stated that: "Most of the mainstream attention is on the cardiovascular effects. Using a sauna does correlate with reduced blood pressure (in some, BP may also increase), increased heart rate, increased dermal perfusion with a reduction in organ perfusion, and increased left ventricular function and arterial flexibility. There are several problems with linking this evidence to alleged health benefits. First – these effects are all short term, during the sauna and for 30 minutes following. We don't know if there is any sustained change in cardiovascular function. Second, we don't know that these changes are improvements. This relates to the third issue, it is possible that at least most of these changes may simply be due to dehydration. Reduced blood volume from water loss (similar to a diuretic effect) will reduce the blood pressure and increase the heart rate, relaxing blood vessels to increase perfusion. So perhaps all we are seeing is a transient effect of the dehydration that accompanies using a sauna."

A 2018 systematic review and meta-analysis of nine clinical trials found that five weekly conventional sauna sessions for 2 to 4 weeks was associated with a significant reduction in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP; a marker of heart failure progression) and cardiothoracic ratio (an indicator of heart enlargement), and improved left-ventricular ejection fraction, but no significant effect on left-ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left atrial diameter, systolic blood pressure, or diastolic blood pressure. The review also rated the quality of evidence for these findings as moderate to insufficient, citing a risk of bias and imprecision as the reason for the low evidence rating. The evidence presented by the review supported a therapeutic effect of sauna bathing for heart failure patients but recommended that further studies were needed to be able to draw definitive conclusions.

A 2019 scientific survey found that most people use both infrared and traditional saunas for relaxation and that its use, 5 to 15 times per month, was associated with higher mental well-being.

Use in alternative therapies
There are a number of claims made about the health effects of infrared saunas that are entirely based in pseudoscience and have no evidence to support them.

Claims of detoxification
Proponents of infrared saunas may, without evidence, advertise benefits of detoxification, or that infrared saunas detoxify to a greater extent than traditional saunas. Proponents of infrared saunas will often claim that because infrared light penetrates the body so deeply, it must detoxify better than other means of sweat induction. Infrared saunas do induce body warmth and sweat much more vigorously and at lower ambient temperatures than traditional saunas or exercise; this does not mean that they detoxify more efficiently, or at all. Sweating removes an insignificant amount of toxins from the body and can be counterproductive to the function of the body's actual detoxification system, the liver and kidneys. Producing more sweat reduces the amount of urine produced by the body, which may actually reduce toxin excretion.

Applications
Fire departments in Texas and Indiana have purchased infrared saunas under the premise that they will prevent cancer and that the firefighters will be able to sweat out inhaled pollutants. Alternative therapists such as naturopaths have advised the use of infrared saunas for the treatment of cancer and autism. Wellness clinics have recommended it to remove radiation and heavy metals from the body, as well as a preventative treatment for COVID-19. Gwyneth Paltrow has also been criticised by experts for recommending infrared saunas as a post COVID-19 treatment.

title: Infrared sauna


text:
Hanussen

Hanussen can refer to:

 * Erik Jan Hanussen (1889-1933), a clairvoyant, mentalist, occultist, and astrologer
 * Hanussen (1955 film), a 1955 German film about Erik Jan Hanussen
 * Hanussen (1988 film), a 1988 Hungarian film about Erik Jan Hanussen

title: Hanussen


text:
Viceroy's commissioned officer

A viceroy's commissioned officer (VCO) was a senior Indian member of the British Indian Army. VCOs were senior in rank to warrant officers in the British Army, and held a commission issued by the viceroy. Also known as "Indian officers" or "native officers", they had authority only over Indian troops and were subordinate to all British King's (resp. Queen's) commissioned officers (KCO resp. QCO), Indian Commissioned Officers (ICO) and King's commissioned Indian officers (KCIO).

Similar ranks, as listed below, are retained in the Indian Army and Pakistan Army. There, they are known as junior commissioned officers.

History
Under the British, there was a clear colonial context, with the VCOs being the highest ranks that an Indian could attain. The full commissioned officers were British, from the 18th century up to the beginning of the 20th century. However, that changed slowly under the principles of Indianisation. In 1905, a special (or one could say better a 'crippled' form) of King’s Commission in His Majesty’s Native Land Forces was instituted. Indians who had qualified through the Imperial Cadet Corps would earn a commission that was limited to have authority over Indian troops only and its holders could not rise above the rank of Major. From 1917, in the midst of World War I, Indians 'with good family background' became eligible to study at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and then earn a commission as King's Commissioned Indian Officer (KCIO). By the time of independence in 1947, there were many Indian (and Pakistani) officers who had graduated from Sandhurst or the Indian Military Academy.

Ranks and appointments
In 1914, ranks held by VCOs were:

 * Cavalry
 * Rissaldar-Major (native 'Major', adviser to the British officers and commander)
 * Rissaldar (native 'Captain', troop commander)
 * Ressaidar (native 'Lieutenant', junior troop commander)
 * Jemadar (native 'Second Lieutenant', platoon commander)
 * Infantry, Indian Garrison Artillery, Indian Mountain Artillery and other arms
 * Subadar-Major (native 'Major', adviser to the British officers and commander)
 * Subadar (native 'Lieutenant', company commander)
 * Jemadar (native 'Second Lieutenant', platoon commander)

As a company commander a Subadar was roughly equivalent to a native Infantry 'Captain'. Nonetheless, in World War I, he was classified as native 'Lieutenant' but remained in the position of company commander. In result, there was no equivalent rank for a native 'Captain' in the Indian native Infantry etc. at that time.

There was only one Rissaldar-Major or Subadar-Major per regiment. The latter was established between 1817 and 1819 in the Bengal Army resp. the Madras Army. In 1825, the equivalent rank of Risaldar-Major was adopted by all Presidency armies. Both ranks would serve as a representative of their people to British officers, but could also command independent companies resp. troops of irregular regiments. While providing guidance to inexperienced British subalterns, they also discussed major issues concerning the Indian soldiers of all ranks with the Colonel (Infantry) or Commandant (Cavalry). Rissaldar-Majors or Subadar-Majors could be appointed Native A.-D.-C. to the Viceroy or the Governor of their British India Province.

Beginning from 1903, there were also six (four from 1904) King's Indian Orderly Officers (KIOO), chosen each year to serve as the King's honorary bodyguard in the United Kingdom. They were appointed regardless of their specific ranks.

In the Indian cavalry existed the appointment of Woordie-Major. He was the assistant to the British adjudant. Usually, a capable Ressaidar, Jemadar or Naib Risaldar (brevet Risaldar, in the Bombay cavalry only) was promoted to this position, then ranking above his substantive rank. The Naib Risaldar (also spelled Naib Ressaldar) ranked below Ressaidar and above Jemadar, but was roughly equivalent with the latter. The rank was abolished in 1865.

The VCO's status could be bolstered by honorary promotions, e.g. a Rissaldar-Major could held the honorary rank of Captain simultaneously, or a Jemadar was awarded by the honorary rank of Second Lieutenant. A custom often practised on retirement, but not exclusively. An honorary rank was not only a distinction but had the financial benefit of doubling the pension to be received by the retiring Indian officer.

Status and responsibilities
The term 'Viceroy's Commissioned Officer' was formally adopted in 1885 as a substitute for the previously used 'Native Officer' (NO). In the same year, the term Native was dropped from regimental titles. These ranks were created to facilitate effective liaison between the British officers and their Indian troops. The soldiers who were promoted to VCO rank had long service and good service records, spoke reasonably fluent English, and could act as a common liaison point between officers and men and as advisers to the British officers on Indian affairs.

VCOs were treated and addressed with respect. Even a British officer would address a VCO as, for instance, 'subedar sahib' or 'sahib'. Nevertheless, they were only saluted by Indian rank and file, not by European other ranks and officers. Furthermore, VCOs did not mess with British officers but ran their own.

The three former presidency armies of Bengal, Bombay, and Madras were transformed into the newly established Army of India, in 1895. Each infantry regiment consisted now of one battalion of eight companies, with six British officers in the headquarters and two further British officers as wing officers resp. wing commanders. A 'wing' was a half-bataillon of four companies. A company was led by one Subadar, assisted by one Jemadar. The company itself counted ten native NCOs, 75 sepoys and two drummers. In the 1890s, the two wings were replaced by four 'double companies', commanded by one British Major or Captain, while the Indian chain of command maintained unaffected. By 1914 the proportion of VCOs to KCOs in an Indian infantry battalion was 16 to 14.

In irregular regiments such as those of the Silladar Cavalry, VCOs enjoyed a greater leeway and consequently a higher status due to the smaller number of British officers present. Usually, only the Commandant, the Second-in-Command, the Adjutant and the Surgeon were British, so a troop (equivalent to an infantry company) was commanded by a native resp. Indian Officer, who could even rise to squadron commander. From 1885, a Silladar regiment consisted of four (previously three) squadrons, with a British commander and a British S-in-C each. Each squadron had two 'half-squadrons' or troops of nine Indian NCOs, 70 sowars and one trumpeter, each led by a Rissaldar and a Jemadar as S-i-C.

Pay
For example, in the last third of the 19th century, in the Bengal Army as the largest presidency army, the ranks of Subadar, Ressaldar, Ressaidar and Jemadar were divided in three (sometimes two) paygrades each (native sappers and miners, cavalry, infantry, but not native artillery).

Around 1867/68, in native miners and sappers as well as in native infantry, the pay scale ranged from 30 Rs. for a Jemadar, 2nd Class to 100 Rs. for a Subadar, 1st class. A Jemadar, 1st class had to be content with 35 Rs. whereas a Subadar, 3rd class was paid 67 Rs. and a Subadar, 2nd class drew 80 Rs. In the artillery, NOs were not split in different paygrades but were attached to them, so a Subadar in the light artillery was paid like a Subadar, 1st class (100 Rs.), in Garrison and Mountain artillery the sum was related to the pay of a Subadar, 2nd class (80 Rs.). A Jemadar drew 35 Rs. in all sorts of artillery, like a Jemadar, 1st class. The appointment of Subadar-Major (infantry only) earned an additional allowance of 25 Rs.

Pay in native cavalry was much higher. In a regiment of six troops, a Jemadar, 3rd class drew 60 Rs. (i.e. 6 Pounds ) per Mensem while a Jemadar, 1st class drew 80 Rs. The highest native officer's paygrade, Ressaldar, 1st class, drew 300 Rs. A Woordie-Major earned 150 Rs., exactly the same as a Ressaidar, 1st class.

In comparison, a Lieutenant in one of the seven European cavalry regiments of the Bengal Army in 1867/68, drew about 305 Rs. p.M., a Cornet's pay was about 250 Rs. A Cavalry Regimental Sergeant Major drew a bit less than 52 Rs. His colleague in the European infantry attached to the Bengal Army came near to 49 Rs., while a Colour sergeant drew almost 32 Rs.

Rank Insignia
From the end of the 19th century, Jemadars wore one metal star on their shoulder-straps or shoulder-chains. Subadars and Rissaldars had two metal stars. In the Bombay Cavalry, Rissaldar and Ressaidar shared the same rank insignia, e.g. two silver metal stars. In the Indian Infantry, the Subadar-Major's insignia was one silver metal crown (Goorkha Regiments: bronze metal crown). In contrast, Rissaldar-Majors in Indian Cavalry had three silver metal stars only, before the insignia changed to a metal crown.

Until the late 19th century, the placement of Subadar-Major in the VCO-hierarchy of the Madras Army could vary. While in Bengal and in Bombay Cavalry the ranks Rissaldar and Rissaldar-Major were established, they were not in Madras Cavalry. There, the VCO-hierarchy was Jemadar - Subadar - Subadar-Major at least until 1885. The rank insignia of a Subadar-Major in Madras Cavalry was three gold metal stars, while his colleague in the Madras Infantry wore one embroidered silver crown.

Variety of rank spellings
The spellings of the VCO ranks could vary significantly, mostly from presidency army to presidency army. Besides, there was also variation within the same army, between its different arms and bodies. For example, one finds for Rissaldar also Risaldar, Ressaldar and even Russuldar (in Bombay Cavalry only), at the same time. The spelling Ressalder was also known. Jemedar would alternativley spelled Jamadar, and Wurdie-Major could stand for Woordie-Major. At the beginning of the 19th century Subadar was alternatively spelled Soobahdar.

title: Viceroy's commissioned officer


text:
Talk:Marie-Claire Blais

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Untitled

 * i reverted the changes made by 70.48.95.217 on 6 Jun 2005, at 15:58, because the new material was lifted from several copyrighted sources. see and, and probably more. 70.48.95.217, you should read Copyrights for the proper guidelines to follow when making additions to articles. and quoting that, "If the author's permission is obtained later, the text can be restored." .. supine 20:47, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Marie-Claire Blais


text:
31st G8 summit

The 31st G8 summit was held on 6–8 July 2005 at the Gleneagles Hotel in Auchterarder, Scotland and hosted by Prime Minister Tony Blair. The locations of previous G8 summits to have been hosted by the UK include: London (1977, 1984, 1991); and Birmingham (1998). It is the first G8 summit to be held in Scotland. A sixth UK summit was held in Lough Erne in 2013; and a seventh UK summit was held in Carbis Bay in 2021.

Overview
The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada starting in 1976. The G8, meeting for the first time in 1997, was formed with the addition of Russia. In addition, the President of the European Commission has been formally included in summits since 1981. The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the initial summit of the Group of Six (G6) in 1975.

The G8 summits during the 21st-century have inspired widespread debates, protests and demonstrations; and the two- or three-day event becomes more than the sum of its parts, elevating the participants, the issues and the venue as focal points for activist pressure.

Leaders at the summit
The G8 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The 31st G8 summit was the last summit for Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin and German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder.

Participants
These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:

Priorities
Traditionally, the host country of the G8 summit sets the agenda for negotiations, which take place primarily amongst multi-national civil servants in the weeks before the summit itself, leading to a joint declaration which all countries can agree to sign.

As host, the UK stated its intent to focus this G8 meeting on the issues of global climate change and the lack of economic development in Africa. The British government set the priorities of supporting Africa's economic development (by agreeing to write off debts of the poorest countries, and to significantly increase aid) and of moving forward initiatives to research and combat global warming.

Blair had planned to move beyond the Kyoto Protocol by looking at how to include key developing countries (India, China, Mexico, Brazil, and South Africa) not included in it – principally by agreeing technology transfer of clean energy technologies in exchange for commitments on reduction of greenhouse gases. Other announced items on the agenda were counterterrorism, non-proliferation, and reform in the Middle East. The summit was overshadowed, however, by bomb attacks in London on the second day of the conference.

Aid to Africa and debt cancellation
The traditional meeting of G8 finance ministers before the summit took place in London on 10 and 11 June 2005, hosted by Chancellor Gordon Brown. On 11 June, agreement was reached to write off the entire US$40 billion debt owed by 18 Highly Indebted Poor Countries to the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the African Development Fund. The annual saving in debt payments amounts to just over US$1 billion. War on Want estimates that US$45.7 billion would be required for 62 countries to meet the Millennium Development Goals. The ministers stated that twenty more countries, with an additional US$15 billion in debt, would be eligible for debt relief if they met targets on fighting corruption and continue to fulfill structural adjustment conditionalities that eliminate impediments to private investment. The agreement, which required weeks of intense negotiations led by Brown, must be approved by the lending institutions to take effect.

While negotiations have essentially taken place between the G8 member states, some of which are reluctant to endorse debt cancellation and aid increases, African governments, advocacy organizations and their allies have criticised the Blair-Brown plan as inadequate and argued that the continuation of structural adjustment policies outweighs the benefits of debt cancellation, while also pointing out that only a small proportion of the Third World debt will be affected by the proposal. In mid-July, objections by Belgium raised the possibility of the debt relief bill not being approved by the International Monetary Fund, a development that was harshly criticized by many activists.

Agreement was not reached on Brown's proposed International Finance Facility, partly because the United States said that its budget procedures meant it was unable to make the necessary long-term funding commitments. The event attracted much media attention.

Global warming
Development of a joint declaration on efforts to tackle global warming has been much less successful, principally because of the long-standing US opposition to emission targets as a solution to global warming. The other seven G8 nations – France, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy, Canada, and the United Kingdom – have ratified the Kyoto Protocol and have committed to reducing their carbon dioxide emissions by 2010. Hopes had been raised that the unprecedented joint declaration by the G8 countries' academies of sciences on the need for urgent action on global warming would help moderate the US negotiating position.

On July 6, US President George W. Bush recognised "that the surface of the Earth is warmer and that an increase in greenhouse gases is contributing to the problem". However, he said the Kyoto treaty was not the answer. Environment campaigners called the result of the summit "a very disappointing finale". "The G8 have delivered nothing new here and the text conveys no sense of the scale or urgency of the challenge. The action plan, without any targets or timetables, will deliver very little to reduce emissions, or to roll out renewables to the scale required", said a spokesperson for Friends of the Earth.

The US also pulled out of financial pledges to fund a network of regional climate centers throughout Africa which were designed to monitor the unfolding impact of global warming. Other schemes opposed by the US include the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) set up to help developing states develop economically while controlling greenhouse gas emissions. New US move to spoil climate accord

To address claims that flying so many people around the world to talk about global warming actually contributes substantially to it, the entire G8 Presidency was designed to be carbon neutral, with calculated resulting carbon emissions being offset by purchasing Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs) from a Clean Development Mechanism project. The Kuyasa low-income housing energy upgrade project located in Cape Town, South Africa, was chosen. The first CDM project to be registered in Africa, it involves the installation of solar water heaters, ceiling insulation and low-energy light-bulbs in hundreds of low-income homes in Khayelitsha township.Defra, UK – Environmental Protection – Climate Change – Cost of carbon – Carbon offsetting

Issues
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions. The United Kingdom aimed to confront the fundamental problem of conflicting domestic pressures among the G8 nations.

Activism
As with all recent G8 summits, the meeting was the focus of many advocacy campaigns, including the Make Poverty History campaign in the United Kingdom, and the anti-globalization (a term not usually used by its supporters) movement. More than 200,000 people marched in support of Make Poverty History in Edinburgh on 2 July, the largest demonstration in Scottish history.

In addition to the Make Poverty History coalition's efforts, singer/activist Bob Geldof organised concerts in each of the G8 member states on 2 July, as well as a concert in Edinburgh on 6 July. Unlike Live Aid 20 years prior, whose primary aim was to raise money, Live 8 aimed to increase awareness among the citizens of the G8 countries, and thus force their leaders into increasing their focus on world poverty – though in fact Live 8 raised 400 times more than Live Aid simply in terms of the debt deal which the Gleneagles summit delivered; if the deal on aid is honoured it will produce an amount the equivalent of five Live Aid concerts every week. The London concert featured acts ranging from Sting and The Who to Annie Lennox, and most notably the reformation of Pink Floyd.

Thousands also mobilized through the G8 Alternatives and Dissent! networks to protest the G8 and discuss alternatives to the economic and political models they represent. These mobilizations have taken a more critical line towards both economic globalization (which they reject entirely) and the G8 itself, which they generally regard as illegitimate and undemocratic.

The National Library of Scotland holds a collection of leaflets, posters and pamphlets collected during the G8 Summit.

Protest took a variety of forms:

 * Construction of a non-hierarchically organized, self-governing, eco-village near Stirling
 * 2 July – Make Poverty History march with 175,000 to 250,000 people
 * 3 July – Make Borders History tour of Glasgow, illustrating the presence of borders and immigration control measures inside of a metropolis
 * 3 July – Counter Summit organised by G8 Alternatives alongside a smaller event called G8 Corporate Dreams Global Nightmares
 * 4 July – Carnival for Full Enjoyment, roving anticapitalist street parties, 1,500 to 3,000 people
 * 4 July – Mass nonviolent blockade of Faslane, a Royal Navy submarine base, 2,000 to 10,000 people
 * 5 July – Demonstrations against Shell, Dungavel immigrant and refugee detention center, and the limits of Gordon Brown's debt cancellation proposal
 * 6 July – Blockades of roads and buses transporting ministers and support staff to Gleneagles.
 * 6 July – March and rally to G8 meeting site, approximately 5000 people
 * 6 July – Breach of the fence around Gleneagles Hotel by 200 people
 * 6 July – Spontaneous march in Edinburgh by a few hundred protesters hoping to take coaches to the Gleneagles rally, after police falsely informed them that the march was cancelled
 * 8 July – Street party in Glasgow in protest against climate change and the construction of the M74 motorway
 * 8 July – various decentralised small actions against climate change as part of a global day of action
 * 8 July – Small prisoner solidarity rally outside Saughton Prison, Edinburgh by around 50 demonstrators

Security and police actions
On 19 June details of the security for the summit were leaked to the British newspaper The Independent on Sunday, because of concerns by an intelligence source that ministers were being "complacent".

The security operation, involving more than 10,000 police, many of whom were armed, possibly a number of US Marines, a Special Air Service (SAS) team and snipers, as well as the unprecedented intelligence gathering beforehand by the security service and American intelligence agencies is estimated to have cost around GB£100 million.

Police officers from all over Great Britain were called in to reinforce the local forces to maintain order in Edinburgh and other cities; even small protests were cordoned off by large numbers of police officers.

The protest legal support team estimates that at least 700 people were arrested and 350 charged. Targeted actions of London's forward intelligence teams (FITs) resulted in several of the arrests. Most people were released with strict bail conditions, having to leave the districts of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth, and/or Stirling or even Scotland altogether. Several people were rearrested for breaching their bail conditions. Section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, which allows searches for weapons in designated areas, was continuously used to stop and search people.

Accomplishments
The G8 summit is an international event which is observed and reported by news media, but the G8's continuing relevance after more than 30 years is somewhat unclear. More than one analyst suggests that a G8 summit is not the place to flesh out the details of any difficult or controversial policy issue in the context of a three-day event. Rather, the meeting offers an opportunity to bring a range of complex and sometimes inter-related issues. The G8 summit brings leaders together "not so they can dream up quick fixes, but to talk and think about them together."

While many activists expressed disappointment that the agreements reached at the summit fell far short of their expectations, others noted that the 2005 summit was perhaps the most productive in the 30-year history of the G8. Some agreements were:
 * US$50 billion pledged (some of it previously announced) in aid to developing countries by 2010, of which US$25 billion will go to Africa, on top of the ministerial-level agreement to forgive debt to Highly Indebted Poor Countries
 * Universal access to anti-HIV drugs in Africa by 2010
 * Commitment to train 20,000 peacekeeping troops for Africa in exchange for African commitments to good governance and democracy
 * G8 members from the European Union commit to a collective foreign aid target of 0.56% of GDP by 2010, and 0.7% by 2015
 * Stated commitment to reduce subsidies and tariffs that inhibit trade
 * US$3 billion to the Palestinian Authority to build infrastructure

No agreement was reached to address global warming, largely due to US opposition. The US did agree to a joint communique stating that global warming exists and that human intervention may at least partially be at fault. While the US had previously made such statements, this was the first time it had agreed to a multilateral announcement on the issue.

Breaking with historical practice, the British government had allowed non-governmental organizations to play a key role in deliberations, perhaps prompted by the public pressure of the Make Poverty History movement and Live 8. The summit continued the trend of including the developing world in talks. The leaders of seven African nations attended, as well as the five leading developing countries: China, India, Brazil, Mexico, and, South Africa.

Infrastructure Consortium for Africa
The Infrastructure Consortium for Africa (ICA) was established at the Gleneagles summit in 2005. In subsequent years, the ICA’s annual meeting is traditionally hosted by the country holding the Presidency of the G8.

Subsequent analysis
Closer investigation of many of the promises made at Gleneagles reveals that some of the aid funds were rehashed versions of aid already pledged and the aid was often used to privatise public services to businesses based in the donor country. However even three years on many G8 countries were backsliding on their aid quantity commitments.

The debt deal was not ‘full’ cancellation of debts at all but only cancellation of the debts for 40 potential countries (classed as the poorest countries), and even then only after completing the ‘Highly Indebted Poor Country’ (HIPC) initiative – that means changing their economic policies at the behest of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank – meaning more of the same economic conditionalities which were highlighted as problems by the Make Poverty History campaign. For example, Tanzania was forced to privatise water (to a British company – Bi-water) which led to a worse service and higher prices. In practice, only 19 developing countries signed up to the HIPC initiative. Even then, only the debt to the public international financial institutions was cancelled (so [Indonesia’s arms debts][www.jubileescotland.org.uk], for example, were not covered). Even then the debts will only apply to a cut off date of 2003. This came despite the fact that the Commission for Africa report noted that in many cases the debt has in practice been paid back many times over, and that the debt was often accrued by illegitimate governments propped up by rich countries. The partial debt cancellation has done some good – Zambia for example is now able to provide universal free healthcare and Tanzania has increased its education spending. However debt campaigners argue that there is still far to go to reach the needed 100 per cent.

Although the 2005 G8 communique promised that developing countries should be able to decide their own economic policies, there has been little evidence of this in practice. For example, the EU went on to attempt to push so called 'Economic Partnership Agreements' on developing countries, which Trade Justice campaigners argue will not be good for developing countries, and are being forced upon them against their will.

London bombings
Because of the bombings, Blair decided to leave the G8 meeting temporarily to be present in London. He held a brief press conference, saying that the incidents were obviously terrorist attacks directed at the gathering of the G8. He also said that the meeting would continue in his absence, with Foreign Secretary Jack Straw filling in for him. Blair returned to Gleneagles by the evening of the 7th by Chinook helicopter, with heavy military escort.

Reports suggest that the bombings may have been planned that day because the terrorists knew that a large number of London police officers would be deployed in Scotland, weakening the city. Thousands of officers were deployed to Scotland from the Metropolitan Police, British Transport Police, and City of London Police, as well as many from other forces. In the event, London was actually better prepared, because a large number of Officers had been deployed to Central London as reserves in case of protest. The Metropolitan Police SOR, Special Operations Room, had been stood up and so there was a full Command Team in place with units immediately able to be deployed.

Bush bicycle accident
While attending the summit, on 6 July 2005, George W. Bush collided with a British police officer, suffering minor lacerations on his hands and arms; the officer was taken to a local hospital.

It was initially reported that the officer suffered only minor injuries and was taken to the hospital only as a precaution. However, the officer ended up needing crutches and missing three months of duty. On 26 February 2006, The Scotsman published a previously unreleased police report which contradicted the administration's story:
 * As the President passed the junction at speed he raised his left arm from the handlebars to wave to the police officers present while shouting 'thanks, you guys, for coming'. As he did this he lost control of the cycle, falling to the ground, causing both himself and his bicycle to strike [the officer] on the lower legs.

Bush, who has experienced other bicycle- and Segway-related accidents, commented, "When you ride hard on a mountain bike, sometimes you fall, otherwise you're not riding hard."

Budget
The Gleneagles G8 summit cost the host nation £12.7 million. Of this, £4.1m was spent on the conference facilities, catering and accommodation; £3.9m was spent on facilities and catering for the media; and £1.5m for transport related to the summit. Policing and security of the summit cost an extra £72m, of which £52m was provided by the Scottish government.

Business opportunity
For some, the G8 summit became a profit-generating event; as for example, the official G8 Summit magazines which have been published under the auspices of the host nations for distribution to all attendees since 1998.

title: 31st G8 summit


text:
User:Hasec

An office worker in the forties.
 * Living in Okegawa, Saitama, Japan.
 * Interested in traditional songs (e.g. School Songs in Japan and Christian Hymns).
 * non-Christian, an only-in-funeral Buddhist, an only-in-Shogatsu Shintoist, but believing in the spirits of the nature. Ex-JW.

 * Articles first created by Hasec

 * Osaka City University
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 * Osaka University of Commerce
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 * University of Incheon
 * Shimonoseki City University
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 * Gunma University
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 * Hyogo University
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 * Onomichi University -> Onomichi City University
 * Seokyeong University
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de:Benutzer:Hasec ja:利用者:Hasec ko:사용자:Hasec

title: User:Hasec


text:
Talk:Matt Damon

Inside Job
There is no mention of Matt Damon's narration of the Academy Award Winning documentary, Inside Job. I believe this should be added. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.233.249.85 (talk) 23:17, 12 January 2014 (UTC)

Content removed
I'm not sure that I understand the edits in this revision where there were chunks of text removed. There was no edit summary - so I'm assumed that it may have been either a good-faith error - or perhaps vandalism.

It looked like you wanted to move an image down into the awards section, so I took are of that, but made it a gallery so it doesn't "sandwich" the text MOS: Images.

I returned it but will look over the edits to see if there are corrections, etc. Any feedback in the meantime, though, is helpful!-- CaroleHenson  ( talk ) 17:25, 5 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Per your comment on my talk page: Great! I worked on the GA Reassessment, and anything that will make the article better is good. I explained why I reverted above - and certainly don't want to enter into an edit war, which is why I started the dialogue here to better understand what's going on. As an FYI, I've been pretty firmly entrenched in the article for several days.-- CaroleHenson  ( talk ) 17:29, 5 October 2014 (UTC)

Sorry, I wanted it to move it down, that I forgot it, ultimately :). I also wanted to move the footprints at the awards section. Thanks for fixing it up. Didn't want to look as vandalism. As you may have noticed, my edits before were to try to fix the sections and the years in them. Thanks for fixing my work! Thanks for contributing to it! The Mad Hatter (talk)

 * Cool! Thanks for catching the need to tweak placement of the cameo's and time frames. I wanted to add a couple of links, but I'm done now. Going back to the awards page. -- CaroleHenson  ( talk ) 17:47, 5 October 2014 (UTC)

Hey, I made another edit, because the lines of commercially and critically successful films are kind of overlapping into one another. Also felt that Green Zone might also be considered a flop. Look it up, don't wanna stand out as a deletor, but some of it really needs a work Carole. Respect: The Mad Hatter (talk)

Hello Carole, I made another edit. Since his "Early life" and "Early years" in acting are repeating each other in the Harvard last section, since that are his debut years in acting, decided to be bold and move them downwards, so that there is no overlapping. Look again at the intro section, I still think it neeeds polishing and tweaking. All the best: The Mad Hatter (talk)

 * Thanks for resolving the Harvard University info - much better! And the intro looks good, too! My point was just to provide examples - following a summary style approach, so I'm not at all surprised that there are other examples of successful or unsuccessful films. But, you've kept the summary style and improved on it - so kudos to you!
 * Thanks for resolving the Harvard University info - much better! And the intro looks good, too! My point was just to provide examples - following a summary style approach, so I'm not at all surprised that there are other examples of successful or unsuccessful films. But, you've kept the summary style and improved on it - so kudos to you!

 * I don't know if you saw much conclusion to the GAR, "There are a number of talented contributors to the article that may be able to finesse some of my edits, but I think it now..." - so yes, your edits are appreciated!-- CaroleHenson  ( talk ) 20:37, 5 October 2014 (UTC)

Uncited content
Are there reliable, secondary sources for this information?

 * Damon is reportedly in talks to star in a biopic of Whitey Bulger, as well as an action comedy from director Ben Affleck reportedly co-starring Denzel Washington, Christian Bale, Robert Downey Jr., Amy Adams, Jennifer Lawrence, Scarlett Johansson, Tom Hardy, Jeremy Renner, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and Mila Kunis.

 * Damon will also appear in 2015's Ridley Scott film The Martian and the new Bourne film from Paul Greengrass.

Thanks!-- CaroleHenson  ( talk ) 22:27, 9 October 2014 (UTC)

Notability
How notable is it that he attended this game - an addition made by User:50.143.155.35?

 * Damon is also a fan of the Santa Cruz Derby Girls, a roller derby team based in Santa Cruz, California, and has been photographed at several of their public games over the past few years. . One of their skaters, Sharon D. Payne (or Eileen Jacinto Hill off the track) is a college friend of Damon's wife.

I get that there's an interest and that he's come to more than one game, but what would this article look like if all of his interests were recorded? So, that's why I'm asking what makes this more notable than other interest he may have (partial ownership, other)?-- CaroleHenson  ( talk ) 21:26, 15 October 2014 (UTC)

What Up,Cuz?
According the material presented to Ben Affleck in Season 2,episode 4 of "Finding Your Roots." Damon and Affleck are Tenth Cousins,once removed. Sochwa (talk) 19:41, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Yep, it's in a note right now. Being a 10th cousin is not particularly notable, but I can move it out of the note and into the body of the article.-- CaroleHenson  ( talk ) 21:23, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

Filmography section
Having select films that an actor is known for in the filmography section is pretty common when there is another page for their credits. See George Clooney, Robin Williams, Robert Downey Jr. or look at Julianne Moore for a non-list version. It's better than having the section blank with just the redirect to the filmography page. LADY LOTUS • TALK 18:50, 8 December 2014 (UTC)

 * The Julianne Moore example is a good one, because there is criteria for what films are identified in the main article section - ones that won her awards or earned her the most money. It's also nice that it's a summary. Otherwise, like the Robin Williams article, it's a long list without context. What would you select as the criteria for the ones that are included in the main article to avoid replication of the information the filmography article (e.g., prevent people from jumping on the bandwagon and adding films to the list indiscriminately)?
 * Love your signature, cool!-- CaroleHenson  ( talk ) 20:03, 8 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Yea, the Robin Williams one is a bit much, I don't think every single film needs to be mentioned. I think it Damon's situation, the films that have got him a lot of recognition or awards could be worded the way Moore's is, in a "lead" type style. I just hate to see that section blank.
 * lol thanks LADY LOTUS • TALK 20:29, 8 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Sounds good.-- CaroleHenson (talk) 23:54, 8 December 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090921162214/http://www.nydailynews.com:80/archives/entertainment/1998/03/22/1998-03-22_two_hollywood_prizefighters_.html to http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/1998/03/22/1998-03-22_two_hollywood_prizefighters_.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100110054833/http://www.parade.com:80/articles/editions/2003/edition_11-30-2003/featured_0 to http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2003/edition_11-30-2003/featured_0
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090918010053/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk:80/biography_story/1685:2046/1/Matt_Damon.htm to http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biography_story/1685:2046/1/Matt_Damon.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20081101150258/http://www.news-record.com:80/content/2008/08/31/article/carlie_engles_office_the_great_outdoors to http://www.news-record.com/content/2008/08/31/article/carlie_engles_office_the_great_outdoors
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090719083450/http://water.org:80/2009/07/new-waterorg/ to http://water.org/2009/07/new-waterorg/

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Damon's "keep your sexuality to yourself" comments
C'omn, you knew someone was going to bring up this matter sooner or later as far as this article goes. As we know, Damon's "People shouldn't know anything about your sexuality." comment, which tied into his view on gay actors coming out, has gotten a lot of media attention, as seen here, here, here and here. Having checked this article's edit history to see what was added at the time of the media attention, I'm surprised to see that nothing has been added or reverted on this matter yet (unless I missed some random IP additions, where they added a poor mention of it). I wouldn't feel that this topic needs addressing in this article, if it weren't for the fact that it sparked a cultural debate, with even Ellen Page weighing in on it. So I definitely think that a paragraph or two about this should go in the "In the media" section. Flyer22 (talk) 08:38, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

Okay, in the absence of any valid objections, I will add content on this matter to the "In the media" section in a few days; I will keep the WP:Neutral policy, including its WP:Due weight section, in mind when doing so. Flyer22 (talk) 21:26, 18 October 2015 (UTC)
 * I agree with Flyer22. FreeKnowledgeCreator (talk) 01:07, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

Missing Courage Under File under Filmography
Courage Under File in 1996 is missing from his Filmography. Tony (talk) 06:42, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

I also noticed that the Filography is missing Saving Private Ryan (1998) CatGrass (talk) 05:01, 14 June 2016 (UTC)

Jason Bourne/David Webb
@Bovineboy2008 @Checkingfax Thank you for reviewing, but I would like to know your reason for reverting it. The character's actual name is David Webb and one of the character's major goals in the first film is to learn who he is. Thank you. -- SLV100 (talk) 07:45, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Hi . Because Damon is credited as Bourne, not as Webb. Also, you were set up because another editor was cocking around with the casing of the infobox name. Cheers!  07:58, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

 * @Checkingfax Thank you for your response. In the film series, Damon has been credited as "Bourne", "Jason Bourne", and "Jason Bourne/David Webb". It seems the latter covers all three. Thank you. -- SLV100 (talk) 08:09, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Hi . Which one credited Damon as Webb? Cheers!  09:37, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

 * @Checkingfax If I'm not mistaken Supremacy and Ultimatum. Thank you. -- SLV100 (talk) 09:48, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Hi . I am only tasked as a Pending Changes Reviewer with thwarting vandalism so if you put it back up and I see it I will accept it. Cheers!  10:22, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

Relationship history
Do we have to keep a record of his romantic relationships here? They aren't significant enough to be mentioned. As you can see there's no mention of Damon on Minnie Driver and Winona Ryder's articles. It was removed by other users because no significance was indicated. I think we should do the same thing here, but instead of removing the material I decided to discuss it first. Keivan.f Talk 03:04, 7 February 2017 (UTC)

 * I'm in favour of getting rid of them. I find relationship histories usually aren't important enough for an article. My two cents. Willondon (talk) 23:02, 7 February 2017 (UTC)

 * Well, it seems that no one opposes what I said. Keivan.f  Talk 22:25, 10 February 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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#exposed
okay so theres this fairly popular podcast made by jennamarbles (called the jenna julien podcast) that a) has a long-running joke about damon's movie stuck on you being an Incredible cinematographic masterpiece and b) now has a conspiracy theory about damon being exposed as 14 years old. i just feel as if this article about him should address these jokes, or at least that he has been #exposed as today being his 14th birthday Breezeham (talk) 03:49, 3 October 2017 (UTC) i hate myself so much for this lo siento mucho Breezeham (talk) 03:54, 3 October 2017 (UTC)

Children
In his statement about Harvey Weinstein, Damon referred to himself as the "father of four daughters." Since he obviously acknowledges his stepdaughter's existence, shouldn't his page? ("Children = 4 (including one stepchild)")

Shouldn't the opening paragraph also be modified from "they have three daughters together" to something like "they have four daughters together, (including a daughter from Luciana's previous marraige)" or something? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.169.34.6 (talk) 16:23, 21 October 2017 (UTC)

 * On Saturday Night Live December 15, 2018, he said he had 4 children, the youngest being 8 years old. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Muffycoco (talk • contribs) 05:41, 18 December 2018 (UTC)

 * Supporting the edit to 4 children in brief bio & opening paragraph, reflecting his co-parenting his stepdaughter. The current status on the page is insulting to him, his wife, and the children. Truesally86 (talk) 17:39, 27 July 2021 (UTC)

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Controversy update
Dec 18, 2017 Matt Damon's interview with ABC news, the resultant backlash should be added. There's been quite a response on twitter, both good and bad. AspiringCheetah (talk) 04:50, 22 December 2017 (UTC)AspiringCheetah

Controversy section
Some new edits have been made recently, which were not really written from a neutral point of view and littered with grammar and spelling errors. I did some copyediting and consolidation, and removed some of the editorial and POV claims supported by low-quality sources. Gene2010 (talk) 07:27, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 January 2018
The "Controversy" section should be changed to "Controversies" because there's more than one.

Also, if you're going to be fair to women then you have to be fair to visible minorities too and add this incident in 2015 to Damon's controversies:

When independent African-American filmmaker, Effie Brown, suggested that a white woman and a Vietnamese-American man co-direct a proposed film, Damon interrupted the Brown to explain to her what diversity means in Hollywood saying "When we’re talking about diversity you do it in the casting of the film not in the casting of the show." Damon alleges his words were taken out of context on a show that he was executive producer and then apologised. 5.32.55.154 (talk) 04:19, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. Controversy can be used as a collective singular noun, as it appears to be here.  The requested additions appear to be about a short-lived and low-impact event form over two years ago and adding this event to a section that already has been tagged for undue weight issues is not within the scope of an edit request.  Please open a separate discussion about the Controversy section and the proper items to include so that a consensus among interested editors can be formed. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 20:20, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 January 2018
Early lif and education to Early Life and education Kdizzle98 (talk) 09:28, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

Change section title in contents and at the top of section from "Early lif and education" to "Early life and education". Mcrooney (talk) 15:21, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Yes check.svg Done Thank you both for catching that. —C.Fred (talk) 15:24, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 6 February 2018 for updating filmography
Please update 'Selected filmography' tab to add new movie: Downsizing (2018) [Reference Link: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1389072/] Rcmola (talk) 11:48, 6 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: It's listed as "Selected filmography" for a reason. The movie Downsizing is mentioned on Matt Damon filmography.  Nihlus  21:20, 6 February 2018 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Matt Damon
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Matt Damon's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "marriage": From Trey Parker: </li> <li>From Jeff Bridges: </li> </ul>

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 20:47, 23 May 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected removal
How can we remove semi-protection? Coddeg-9Wapji-nesgab (talk) 22:19, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

environmentalist not enviormentalist
typo — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.150.170.100 (talk) 19:31, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 30 October 2020
Social Views: Matt Damon Apologizes for Diversity Comments on ‘Project Greenlight’ Thomasholland (talk) 19:46, 30 October 2020 (UTC)

 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ‑‑ El Hef  ( Meep? ) 19:49, 30 October 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 August 2021
CBS Sunday Morning reported in July 2021 that Damon has 4 daughters, not 3 children. 162.255.169.4 (talk) 22:25, 8 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 22:45, 8 August 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 November 2021
Filmography

All Matt Damon films can be found in below page. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Damon_filmography Ranjith Thazhathepurath (talk) 03:09, 7 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 12:00, 7 November 2021 (UTC)

Incomprehensible section
The section Pubic image in its entirety is as follows:

"Comedian Jimmy Kimmel had a running gag on his ABC television show, Jimmy Kimmel Live!, where he apologized for not being able to interview Damon at the end of each show. It culminated in a planned skit on September 12, 2006, when Damon stormed off after having his interview cut short. Damon appeared in several of E! Entertainment's top ten Jimmy Kimmel Live! spoofs. On January 24, 2013, Damon took over his show and mentioned the long-standing feud and having been bumped from years of shows. It involved celebrities who were previously involved in the "feud", including Robin Williams, Ben Affleck, and Sarah Silverman."

There is no way that a reader who doesn't already know all about this will have any idea what feud (or "feud") is referred to here.

I hope that someone can fix this, someone who is knowledgeable about this subject and who also is capable of writing clearly. 2601:200:C000:1A0:AC8F:FBEF:B6C7:8E7D (talk) 01:20, 16 December 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 30 January 2022
i want to upload a photo of young matt damon. I think he looks better there Matt Damon11 (talk) 21:15, 30 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 21:19, 30 January 2022 (UTC)

Harvard??
So if he doesn't have any degree from Harvard, he doesn't have any education from Harvard, does he? So why write "Harvard" under "Education"? He's a drop out. 188.113.81.146 (talk) 21:37, 11 November 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 April 2023
PLease fix a typo in the `Early life and education` section. Pleae change `Damon was born in Cambridge, Massachusettsm on October 8, 1970` to `Damon was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts on October 8, 1970`. 2001:569:77F1:AE00:298B:4881:1C34:516B (talk) 19:56, 10 April 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ – Thanks, well spotted! Favonian (talk) 20:01, 10 April 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 21 April 2023
Regret: JOHN MELLENCAMP’S boring child. 76.23.217.246 (talk) 05:26, 21 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate.  — Paper9oll  (🔔 • 📝)  05:30, 21 April 2023 (UTC)

Comments on sexual harassment and homophobia
Yesterday, I restored the paragraph about Damon's comments on homophobic language, which seem to me relevant to his public image, especially coming so soon after his statements about Me Too. Am not totally clear that this information should be under the Personal life header, so I've put them under "Comments on sexual harassment and homophobia" as a subhead to at least seperate them out a bit. But they clearly have impacts on his activism (he made business decisions about an diversity rider that—at least as the text of the article implies—are probably related to the response to his statements about Me Too. And certainly views about feminism and homophobia have a political valence, but don't really fit in with the "capital p" Politics that are the subject of the political views subheader. If anyone can direct me to styleguide resources on how to divide up these sections better on a celebrity biography, that would be much appreciated. The critiques under WP:CSECTION that another user have pointed out are noted, but I still think this information about statements Damon made which caused controversy are relevant to this bio in some form. Handpigdad (talk) 21:13, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

Matthew Damon
Send message to matt Damon 71.208.48.138 (talk) 03:17, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

What, No mention of Dogma?
i found no Filmography nor mention of the ultimate Damon-Affleck `99 collaboration, "Dogma"

Damon-Afflec`99 k collaborati Earnest79 (talk) 09:13, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 March 2024
Remove the red links of IFC (American TV network) on 85 reference! 2804:7F2:5AD:51C1:25F5:6593:9BEC:9290 (talk) 03:25, 27 March 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ Fixed by creating a redirect. Funnyfarmofdoom (talk to me) 03:34, 27 March 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 June 2024
In the current text under personal life, it says they live in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles. It should say they in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Pacific Palisades. 2600:8801:111A:4900:647E:CA20:C704:D0E4 (talk) 01:32, 12 June 2024 (UTC)
 * The suggested replacement makes less sense to me than what is already there, but I can see how the sentence could be parsed as "(the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of) Los Angeles" rather than the intended "(the Pacific Palisades neighborhood) (of Los Angeles)". I've changed "of" to "in" to eliminate any confusion. Tollens (talk) 02:53, 12 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Matt Damon


text:
Gandersheim

Gandersheim can refer to either:

 * Gandersheim Abbey, convent in Lower Saxony (9th century-1810)
 * Bad Gandersheim, town in Lower Saxony, called Gandersheim until 1931

title: Gandersheim


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Unicornband.org

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 07:15, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Unicornband.org
Vanity, non-notable. WAvegetarian 20:49, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Vanity, not notable. Leithp 23:34, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete group vanity. Merging with the high school's article (if it exists) would be acceptable.  --Xcali 05:37, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
John Townsend Trowbridge

John Townsend Trowbridge (September 18, 1827 – February 12, 1916) was an American author.

Early life
Trowbridge was born in Ogden, New York, to Windsor Stone Trowbridge and Rebecca Willey. His birthplace was a log cabin his father constructed through the use of wooden pegs. Trowbridge received an unremarkable education, but had an early interest in literature. He recalled in his autobiography that he wrote his first poem at age 13. His first published work was published anonymously in the Rochester Republican when he was 16.

He started working as a teacher and on a farm for one year in Illinois. In 1847, at age 19, he moved to New York City to become an author and, with the assistance of Mordecai Manuel Noah, began publishing in periodicals while also working at a pencil case engraving factory. He moved to Boston in August 1848, and in 1850, during the absence of Benjamin Perley Poore in Washington, D.C., edited Poore's paper, the Sentinel, but his editorial on the fugitive-slave law nearly destroyed the paper's popularity. He married Cornelia Warren (May 1, 1834 – March 23, 1864) in 1860. After her death, he remarried to Sarah Adelaide Newton in 1873.

In June 1867 Trowbridge bought a house at 152 Pleasant Street, Arlington, Massachusetts where he lived until his death on February 12, 1916. Trowbridge also spent much time in Kennebunkport, Maine, where he built Spouting Rock Cottage, near to Spouting Rock and Blowing Cave, both of which he named.

Writing career
His novels include Neighbor Jackwood (1857), an antislavery novel; The Old Battle-Ground (1859); Cudjo's Cave (1864); The Three Scouts (1865); Lucy Arlyn (1866); Neighbors' Wives (1867); Coupon Bonds, and Other Stories (1873); and Farnell's Folly. Another is Evening At The Farm.

Trowbridge wrote numerous works under the pseudonym of Paul Creyton, including The Midshipman's Revenge (1849), Kate the Accomplice, or, The Preacher and the Burglar (1849), The Deserted Family, or, Wanderings of an Outcast (1853), Father Brighthopes, or, An Old Clergyman's Vacation (1853), Burr Cliff: its Sunshine and its Clouds (1853); Martin Merrivale: His X Mark (1854), Iron Thorpe (1855), Neighbor Jackwood (1857).

Among his very many juvenile tales are The Drummer Boy, The Prize Cup, The Lottery Ticket, The Tide-Mill Stories, The Toby Trafford Series, The Little Master, and the Jack Hazard series. His published volumes of verse include: The Vagabonds, and Other Poems; The Emigrant's Story, and Other Poems; A Home Idyl, and Other Poems; The Lost Earl; and The Book of Gold, and Other Poems. The Vagabonds, At Sea, and Midsummer are among his best-known poems. His long poem Guy Vernon: A Novelette in Verse was first published anonymously in the compilation A Masque of Poets (1878).

In Darius Green and his Flying Machine, Trowbridge penned the following prophetic verse: "Darius was clearly of the opinion / That the air is also man's dominion / And that with paddle or fin or pinion, / We soon or late shall navigate / The azure as now we sail the sea."

He is today perhaps best remembered for his study The South: A Tour of Its Battlefields and Ruined Cities (1867, republished two years later with additions by another author as A Picture of the Desolated States and the Work of Reconstruction, 1865-1868). Trowbridge toured much of the defeated Confederacy during the summer of 1865 and the following winter. He observed carefully, and talked with a wide variety of people of both sexes, including freedmen, die-hard Rebels, Unionists, farmers, businessmen, refugees, and Northern entrepreneurs. In his book, he lets these people speak in their own voices, often adding his own comments. His book can profitably be read with those of John Richard Dennett (The South As It Is: 1865-1866) and Whitelaw Reid (After the War: A Tour of the Southern States, 1865-1866). All three accounts are written from the perspective of a loyal and fair Northerner genuinely concerned about conditions in the South and the evolving policies of the United States towards that section.

From 1865 to 1873 Trowbridge was co-editor with Lucy Larcom of Our Young Folks. Since his death he has been well known as a friend of Mark Twain and Walt Whitman.

Trowbridge's papers are located at Houghton Library at Harvard University.

Selected works

 * The Midshipman's Revenge (1849)
 * Kate the Accomplice, or, The Preacher and the Burglar (1849)
 * The Deserted Family, or, Wanderings of an Outcast (1853)
 * Father Brighthopes, or, An Old Clergyman's Vacation (1853)
 * Burr Cliff: its Sunshine and its Clouds (1853)
 * Martin Merrivale: His X Mark (1854)
 * Iron Thorpe (1855)
 * Neighbor Jackwood (1857)
 * The Old Battle-Ground (1859)
 * Cudjo's Cave (1864)
 * The Three Scouts (1865)
 * Lucy Arlyn (1866)
 * Neighbors' Wives (1867)
 * Coupon Bonds, and Other Stories (1873)
 * Guy Vernon: A Novelette in Verse (1878)
 * Farnell's Folly
 * Evening At The Farm
 * Biding His Time Or Andrew Hapnell's Fortune  (1888)
 * The Kelp-Gatherers: A Story of the Maine Coast  (1890)

title: John Townsend Trowbridge


text:
Talk:Ngong Ping 360

Isolation
This page is totally isolated from either MTR or MTRC. Please find a way to link them up. -- Jerry Crimson Mann 20:51, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Because it was once considered by some contributors as not part of the MTR system. — Instantnood 20:59, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, it's perhaps not part of the railway system; where're the rails after all? But Ngong Ping 360 was built by MTRC, and I think there would be a subsidiary company of the corporation, which is responsible for the operation of the cable car, before long. -- Jerry Crimson Mann 05:58, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a BOT project, and it'll be operated by a subsidiary company - Skyrail-ITM (Hong Kong) Limited. It was known as Tung Chung Cable Car, but now as Ngong Ping 360, which includes the Ngong Ping Skyrail and the Ngong Ping Village.  — Instantnood 06:41, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

Stations
The name of Ngong Ping 360 is spelt wrong in the route map. It should be Ngong but not Nong
 * I purpose that the map should be deleted as soon as possible to prevent any misleading problems and have a deleterious effect on the information accuracy of the page.Narold 08:54, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
 * i DISAGREE there is no standars latin spelling for cantonese so it should stay. Enlil Ninlil 03:52, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I disagree what you disagree, simply because "Ngong Ping 360" and "Ngong Ping Skyrail" are registered trademarks and official names of the company/project. Please search this website for details. --Spring Dennis 06:50, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Ngong Ping Village
Is the Ngong Ping Village part of Ngong Ping 360? Or is "Ngong Ping 360" referring only to the cable car line? Has anyone got the old logo of Tung Chung Cable Car before it was renamed? — Instantnood 14:27, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

Construction progress
For the section of Construction progress, can anyone compile them as a construction history? For example, when was the first cable cars are "hanged" on the cables? It is meaningless to put a progress REPORT here. --Spring Dennis 09:46, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

POV issue
Please note that I have some quite amount of sentences which is "quite POV", emphasizing how beautiful the scene is. Please help amending this. Besides, would anyone help adding the critics to the project? Seems many people are not happy with project too. --Spring Dennis 15:12, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Maybe those people could add some sources such as newspaper articles or reviews and such to support their arguments? (Can't do it myself, I am back in the UK.)--Kylohk 20:16, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Agree. It was a very controversial project, and the monks at Po Lin monastery were particularly against it. Also following on from the accidents, quite a few people have criticised the management and running of it (including Stephen Ip as quoted). I think it would be good to add a "criticism" section, though I dont have any sources to hand.--58.152.140.180 04:50, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Ngong Ping Skyrail is a gondola lift, not a cable car
Although the operators refer to it as a cable car, and the article previously linked to aerial tramway, the pictures and text description make it very obvious that this is a bi-cable gondola lift. Gondola lifts are often erroneously referred to as cable cars, and vice versa also. Anyway, I'm revising the article to correct the usage, so that it conforms with the usage in the articles about the lifts. --Seattle Skier (talk) 17:53, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Seattle Skier, the description "cable car" can refer to any cable driven transportation system according to Merriam Webster. Wikipedia follows this as well. You should check dictionaries and general usage before assuming that any particular usage is wrong. We've all been there though... Incidentally, I have never heard of a cable car (according to your definition) being referred to as a gondola lift, so you may want to remove your "vice versa" :-). --Muchado (talk) 06:50, 27 July 2009 (UTC)

Broke down today
I went on the 360 today (12/02/08) and it broke down twice whilst I was on it and numerous times before (it would stop for about 20 minutes each time). They appear to be fine tuning the system somewhat. The return journey went smoothly though and the total travel time was 20 minutes (FYI). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Brob (talk • contribs) 17:01, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Ngong Ping Skyrail
Ngong Ping Skyrail has changed name to Ngong Ping 360. I have tried to change all the names in the article, however, there is one name inside the table that I could not change. Would be great if you could advise how we can proceed to change it. Thanks. Gary Yu, Public Relations and Communincations Manager, Ngong Ping 360. gary.yu@np360.com.hk 125.215.158.56 (talk) 07:23, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Done. —Umofomia (talk) 07:35, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Include this image of the ticket?
Should this image be included in the article? I made this myself yesterday:

--AOL Alex (talk) 03:38, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 2 one external links on Ngong Ping 360. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Suggest Switch to HK English
Since this article is related to HK, I suggest switching the note to editors to say "use Hong Kong English", rather than EngvarB. Kdm852 (talk) 09:38, 4 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ngong Ping 360


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Biological significance of databases

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was article was deleted at 15:03, 20 Jun 2005 by Petaholmes (12 june copyvio). Zzyzx11 (Talk) 20:47, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Biological significance of databases
This page is an orphan, has been untouched for more than a month, and was copied verbatim from here. Perhaps it can be significantly rewritten, but I cannot tell if that is a good option. --Prog 20:51, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Not an encyclopedia article. Delete. I have marked the article as a copyvio. - Mike Rosoft 03:09, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Databases are biologically significant? --Xcali 05:36, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep if rewritten. JamesBurns 05:38, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * delete; duplicates biological database. Recent genomics and proteomics initiatives have seen the number of biological data balloon, databases are needed to store those data. Dunc|☺ 12:00, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:Red Screen of Death

/Archive 1

Need pictures
We need pictures of the red screen on the ps1,2 and 3. we also need a picture showing the windows 98/Memphis red screen.108.15.70.52 (talk) 14:55, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red Screen of Death


text:
Kebbe

Kebbe is a Local Government Area in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Kebbe. The LGA shares a border with Zamfara State in the east and Kebbi State in the south and west.

It has an area of 2618 km2 and a population of 124,658 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 850.

Climate
The climate features a hot, unpleasant rainy season with predominantly cloudy skies and a blistering, partly cloudy dry season with temperatures ranging from 65°F to 103°F.

title: Kebbe


text: Category:Sheung Wan

title: Category:Sheung Wan


text:
Poha

Poha or POHA may refer to:

 * Poha (rice), flattened rice originating from the Indian subcontinent
 * Pohay, breakfast dish made from flattened rice
 * Pōhā, a traditional Māori bag made from southern kelp
 * Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry), species of plant
 * Protection from Harassment Act 1997, United Kingdom
 * Protection from Harassment Act 2014, Singapore

title: Poha


text:
Butt of Lewis

The Butt of Lewis (Rubha Robhanais) is the most northerly point on the Island of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. The headland, which lies in the North Atlantic, is frequently battered by heavy swells and storms and is marked by the Butt of Lewis Lighthouse. The nearest populated area is the village of Eoropie, about 1 mi to the south.

The road to the lighthouse passes a sheltered cove called Port Stoth. Southwest from the lighthouse is a natural arch called the "Eye of the Butt" (Sùil an Rubha).

It is claimed that the Butt of Lewis is one of the windiest locations in the United Kingdom.

Lighthouse
The Butt of Lewis Lighthouse was built by the famous lighthouse builder David Stevenson in 1862. Other sources include Thomas Stevenson as one of the builders too. Little is known of the station's early history. A plaque in the lightroom indicates that the present equipment was installed in 1905. The station became the radio link for the keepers on the isolated Flannan Islands in the early 1930s, and continued to function as such until 1971, when the Flannans was made automatic.

The light was most-likely fuelled by fish oil in the beginning. This was then replaced by a paraffin burner in 1869 and finally by electricity in 1976.

It was operated by three Keepers who lived at the Station with their families but the fog signal was discontinued on 31 March 1995 and the light was automated on 30 March 1998. It is now remotely monitored from Edinburgh.

Until the early 1960s, all supplies were delivered by sea because of the poor road system on the island. This would occur at the nearby Port Stoth, where small cargo vessels would regularly berth if the weather allowed it to offload provisions for the lighthouse station.

The Butt of Lewis was also one the General Lighthouse Authorities transmitting stations for Differential GPS until March 2022.

Eilean nan Luchruban
One kilometre south-west of the Butt is a stack, or small island, of Eilean nan Luchruban, also known as the Pygmies' Isle. The isle was first mentioned by Dean Munro in about 1549 and described as being a ‘kirk’ where pygmies were buried. There are several structures on the island and earlier historical records mention bones in the structures. It was excavated by antiquarians sometime before 1905, when bones and pottery were found. The bones were found to be from animals and the pottery was later found to be from the Neolithic period.

RCAHMS surveyed the isle in 1928 and found part of the structures had collapsed since the excavations. A survey in 2005 found some additional structures not mentioned by the earlier sources.

Name
The name is derived from Lusbirdan/Luspardan which, in both Gaelic and Scots, means "pigmy". It is thought that it is derived from Lug/i-npiorad, which means "little spirit". In Blaeu's map, the name of the isle is Ylen Dunibeg ("Island of the Little Men").

title: Butt of Lewis


text: Template:UK-bcast-stub

title: Template:UK-bcast-stub


text:
Snack Brands Australia

Snackbrands (SBA) is one of the largest suppliers of snack foods in Australia and acts as the main competitor to the long established The Smith's Snackfood Company.

The company was founded in August 1998 as a subsidiary of parent company Snack Foods Limited, with main product lines including Kettle, Cheezels, Natural Chip Co and Thins. The company was acquired by Philippines food and beverage company Universal Robina in 2016 for AUD$600 million (US$461 million) and it is currently owned by the German snack food company Intersnack. The company has more than 400 employees, with Kurt Preshaw as chief executive officer, in which the company had USD $248.95 million in revenue in 2021–22. Their headquarters office is in Norwest, Sydney, Australia.

History
In 1998, The Smith's Snackfood Company was acquired by Frito-Lay (a subsidiary of PepsiCo). Because these were the two largest producers of salty snack foods in Australia, Frito-Lay agreed with the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission to divest a range of brands to ensure adequate competition.

Additionally, several manufacturing facilities were released including plants in South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria. This package was named 'Snack Brands Australia' and was sold to Dollar Sweets Holdings.

In September 2012, Snackbrands became an associated member of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO).

In 2016, Philippines snack food and beverage company Universal Robina acquired Snack Brands Australia for A$600 million (US$461 million), including its entirety of product lines and the two existing manufacturing facilities located in Smithfield and Blacktown in Sydney, Australia. The acquisition process spawned from Snack Brands compounded annual growth rate of 7.4% over the previous 4 years.

Later in 2016, Snackbrands Australia merged with 40-year-old company New World Foods in attempt to extend the growth and share of the rapidly expanding brand. This included the acquisition of Local Legends Jerky, which were distributed throughout Australia, Asia and the United Kingdom.

In 2018, plans were approved for the development of a new $200 million distribution centre for Snackbrands Australia in Erskine Park, Sydney. Private equity real estate investor Altis Property Partners were recruited develop the 30,255 square metre logistics facility designed for automated robotics and technology to store and retrieve items. The high bay facility will be leased for an initial 20 years upon its forecasted completion in late 2020. The development and construction process of the 10.42 hectare plant is managed by TM Insight, a global supply chain and property consultancy. It was one of the largest industrial property deals in the 2018 financial year. 74 The end value of the facility was projected at $400 million.

In December 2019, Universal Robina and German company Intersnack formed Unisnack ANZ, a joint venture comprising Snack Brands Australia and Griffin's Foods. Intersnack held a 40% stake in the consolidated business. In August 2021, Universal Robina exited the Australian and New Zealand market by selling its remaining 60% stake in Unisnack ANZ to Intersnack.

Products
Snackbrands headquarters is located in Smithfield, Sydney, Australia, with an additional manufacturing facility in Blacktown. These facilities produce approximately 200 million packets per annum. Product lines include:

 * CC's
 * Thins
 * Kettle
 * The Natural Chip Co.
 * The Natural Cracker Co.
 * Cheezels
 * French Fries
 * Jumpy’s
 * Samboy
 * Chickadees

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)
In September 2012, Snackbrands became an associated member of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). RSPO is a transnational non-profit organisation established to encourage, develop and advance the attainment, production, funding and practise of sustainable palm oil products.

In 2013, Snackbrands made a publicised commitment to use 100% RSPO certified sustainable palm oil in all manufactured products by 2020, which has been fulfilled; predominantly in the production of Kettle Chips. In October 2014, they began supply of 100% RSPO certified sustainable palm oil in procurement via the “mass balance” methodology.

In February 2015, Snackbrands owned Australian manufacturing sites underwent a RSPO certification audit for Segregated Palm oil and gained certification. This certification was integrated into the development of the $200 million distribution centre in 2018, with annual audits from RSPO.

In 2019, Snackbrands used a total volume of 8,560 tonnes of crude and refined palm oil, 100% of which is RSPO certified sustainable.

title: Snack Brands Australia


text:
User talk:Vivant

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! SqueakBox 20:55, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Vivant