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Dilation and evacuation

Dilation and evacuation (D&E) or dilatation and evacuation (British English) is the dilation of the cervix and surgical evacuation of the uterus (potentially including the fetus, placenta and other tissue) after the first trimester of pregnancy. It is a method of abortion as well as a common procedure used after miscarriage to remove all pregnancy tissue.

In various health care centers it may be called by different names:
 * D&E (Dilation and evacuation)
 * ERPOC (Evacuation of Retained Products of Conception)
 * TOP or STOP ((Surgical) Termination Of Pregnancy)

D&E normally refers to a specific second trimester procedure. However, some sources use the term D&E to refer more generally to any procedure that involves the processes of dilation and evacuation, which includes the first trimester procedures of manual and electric vacuum aspiration. Intact Dilation and Extraction (D&X) is a different procedural variation on D&E.

Dilation and evacuation procedures have been increasingly banned in US states since the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision overruled the right to an abortion.

Indications for D&E
Dilation and evacuation (D&E) is one of the methods available to completely remove the fetus and all of the placental tissue in the uterus after the first trimester of pregnancy. A D&E may be performed for a surgical abortion, or for surgical management of a miscarriage.

Abortion
Induced abortion after the first trimester of pregnancy is rare. Approximately 930,000 abortions were documented in the US in 2020. Of these, 492,000 were medication abortions. Fewer than 10% of all abortions in the United States are performed after 13 weeks of gestation, and just over 1% are performed after 21 weeks gestation. In the United States, 95–99% of abortions after the first trimester of pregnancy are performed by surgical abortion via dilation and evacuation.

People who do not have access to affordable abortion care in their area or who face legal restrictions to obtaining a wanted abortion may wait longer to get an abortion after they make the decision to terminate their pregnancy. When an abortion is delayed, a D&E may be necessary. Other factors that often lead to an abortion in the second trimester are late testing for pregnancy, insurance or funding barriers, or delayed provider referral.

Abortion can be considered in the case of congenital anomalies, including genetic aneuploidies and anatomic anomalies, especially since they may not be identified until the second trimester. Other medical indications for an abortion in the second trimester include preeclampsia with severe features or preterm premature rupture of membranes prior to a viable fetal age.

Miscarriage
Dilation and evacuation can be offered for management of second trimester miscarriage if skilled providers are available. Some women choose D&E over labor induction for a second trimester loss because it can be a scheduled surgical procedure, offering predictability over labor induction, or because they find it emotionally easier than undergoing labor and delivery. The risks of maternal morbidity during an induction of labor are higher compared to a dilation and evacuation. Additionally, a subsequent dilation and curettage procedure for retained placental products may be required after an induction of labor for a miscarriage. Both a labor induction and dilation and evacuation offer the option of fetal and placental testing. Although pregnancy loss is emotionally distressing, there are rarely medical complications associated with a short (<1 week) delay to management.

Molar pregnancy
Dilation and evacuation is also a treatment option for a molar pregnancy, especially for those who wish to maintain fertility. The procedure is typically done under sonographic guidance as soon as a hydatidiform mole is suspected.

Cervical preparation
Prior to the procedure, cervical preparation with osmotic dilators or medications is recommended in order to reduce risk of complications such as cervical laceration and to facilitate cervical dilation during the procedure. Although there is no consensus as to which method of cervical preparation is superior in terms of safety and technical ease of the procedure, one particular concern is reducing the risk of preterm birth. Concerns within the medical community have advised against or at least asked for further research concerning the safety of performing the dilation of the cervix on the same day as the surgery for some or all second trimester pregnancies. The concern is that performing the dilation too soon before the surgery could increase the risk of preterm birth should the woman ever carry a subsequent pregnancy to term. However, for dilation and evacuation at greater than 20 weeks gestation, at least one day of cervical preparation is recommended, with the option of serial dilation for more than one day. Dilation can be achieved with either osmotic dilation or misoprostol, although osmotic dilation with either laminaria or Dilapan is recommended.

Anesthesia options
Most patients will be provided NSAIDs for pain management. Local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, are frequently injected by the cervix to reduce pain during the procedure. IV sedation may also be used. General anesthesia may be used depending on individual circumstances, however it is not preferred as it adds significant anesthesia risks to the procedure.

Infection prophylaxis
Immediately prior to the procedure, antibiotics of either doxycycline or azithromycin are usually administered to prevent infection.

Thromboprophylaxis
Prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism is not typically required for this procedure.

Surgical procedure
A speculum is placed in the vagina to allow visualization of the cervix. If osmotic dilators were placed prior to the procedure, these are removed.

The cervix may be further dilated with rigid dilator instruments such as Hegar and Pratt dilators (as opposed to osmotic dilators). Sufficient cervical dilation decreases the risk of morbidity, including cervical injury and uterine perforation. Uterine contents are removed using a cannula to apply aspiration, followed by forceps to remove fetal parts. Tissue inspection ensures removal of the fetus in its entirety. The procedure may be performed under ultrasound guidance to aid in visualizing uterine anatomy and to assess if all tissue has been removed at the completion of the procedure. Operative ultrasonography is beneficial because it can reduce the risk of uterine perforation.

The procedure usually takes less than half an hour.

Uterotonics
There is no consensus on the routine use of perioperative or postoperative uterotonic medications. While many providers use these agents, there is no definitive evidence to support a decreased risk for bleeding under 20 weeks gestation.

Recovery
D&E is usually performed in the outpatient setting, and the patient can be safely sent home the same day after a period of observed recovery, ranging from 45 minutes to several hours. Generally, the woman may return to work the following day. The type of anesthesia given also influences the appropriate amount of recovery time before discharge. There is rarely a need for narcotic pain medications afterwards, and NSAIDs are recommended for home pain management. Recovery from the procedure is typically fast and uncomplicated.

Some women may experience lactation after a second-trimester loss or termination of pregnancy. Limited data exists for the efficacy of medications to suppress lactation. However, one randomized control trial found cabergoline to be effective in preventing breast symptoms of engorgement, leakage, and tenderness after a second-trimester loss or termination of pregnancy.

Variations
If the fetus is removed intact, the procedure is referred to as intact dilation and extraction by the American Medical Association, and referred to as "intact dilation and evacuation" by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).

Risks
D&E is a safe procedure when performed by experienced practitioners. The rate of mortality for all types of legal abortion procedures in the US (not specifically D&E) is 0.43 abortion-related deaths per 100,000 reported legal abortions. There were four identified deaths related to abortion in the US during 2019, out of 625,000 abortions. The strongest risk factor for mortality following abortion is increasing gestational age.

Risks of D&E include bleeding, infection, uterine perforation, retained products of conception, and cervical laceration. Hemorrhage occurs following less than 1% of all surgical abortions. Infection rates following second trimester abortion have been reported to be 0.1–4%. The risk of infection is decreased by the use of antibiotics. The risk of retained products of conception and uterine perforation are both under 1%. The risk of cervical laceration is up to 3%. Even rarer, a hysterectomy or damage to surrounding organs or tissues (i.e. bowel or omentum) can occur during a D&E.

There is no evidence that surgical abortion causes an increase in infertility or adverse outcomes in subsequent pregnancies.

Alternatives
Alternatives to D&E include labor induction abortion and medical abortion.

Complication rates after D&E are lower than those of labor induction (medical abortion) after 13 weeks, as has been established through multiple studies. Additionally, in certain clinical scenarios—severe anemia, for example—D&E may be preferred over labor induction.

Law
The laws in the United States surrounding dilation and evacuation have been rapidly evolving since the Dobbs v. Jackson decision of 2022. Proposals to limit abortion access sometimes target specific procedures such as D&E, though this also restricts access for non-abortion patients, such as those with pregnancy loss. Kansas was the first state to ban D&E in 2015, later it was struck down in 2016. Currently, D&E  is specifically banned in thirty-four states, except when deemed necessary for the preservation of the patient's life. Twenty-one states have banned a "partial-birth" abortion, referring to an intact dilation and extraction. Three of the twenty-one states have a health exception, and seventeen states allow an exception for life endangerment.

Abortion laws in Europe, including dilation and evacuation, vary by country.

Physician training
A national survey of 190 US obstetrics and gynecology residency program directors in 2018 found that 22% considered their graduates to have had necessary and sufficient training in dilation and evacuation to be competent. After Dobbs v. Jackson, almost half of the US obstetrics and gynecology programs are located in states that have implemented abortion restrictions, which will further limit training in dilation and evacuation. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education states that these programs must either adapt by sending residents to legal jurisdictions where they are able to obtain this training or include uterine evacuation simulations in the educational curriculum.

title: Dilation and evacuation


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Talk:John Riley Banister

Genealogical & biographical interest
I, too, am a distant relation of this Banister. Some 20 years ago and accompanied by my two daughers --- Sarah and Hannah, I followed this path back to Banister Hollow, Missouri. It is north of Springfield in Camden County.

I discovered that the original homestead had burned, with only the stone fireplace standing. Nearby was a replacement cottage. But one of the barns was intact ---hand-hewn beams with the caulking long disintegrated.

I did not try to find the remains of the mill that Banisters operated on a nearby creek.

I did find the Banister Baptist Church. You will pass it on the crest of a small hill before you descend into the hollow.

From the outside it seemed well preserved, and was obviously still in use.

I am particularly interested in definitive research that would link this Banister line to the very prestigious line that existed in Virginia well before the Revolutionary War. There was a John Banister, an Anglican clergyman and early American botanist, whose life and work were published in modern times by the University of Oklahoma Press. There was a Col. Banister who served in the Virginia House of Burgesses and who fought for the patriots in the Revolutionary War.

Dave Thornton (my grandfather was Lawrence William Banister, son of John Riley's father by the second "wife").

dtjbthornton@aol.com or jdthorn@nycap.rr.com

 * Hi Dave! I am similarly interested in exploring a link between John Riley Banister and John Banister (scientist) (not to mention expanding the Wikipedia entry for the latter).  A bunch of John Banister's are listed here.  Very interesting information about Banister Hollow, the still-in-use church, and your trek with your daughter!  Since you seem to be in a position to know first-hand, is six-hundred miles correct?     — FJ |  hello  06:36, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:John Riley Banister


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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Cricket/Archive 2

Images
Anyone playing cricket and owns/has access to a digital camera? If it is possible, would they be kind enough to take out photos of the cricket ball, bat, stump, bail, gloves, pads etc.? Nichalp 18:48, Jan 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * I got pads, gloves, bat and ball. My stumps are not regulation size, so its a bit useless getting them. I'll try to do it this weekend, what kind of background is wanted? AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 01:24, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Grass or a plain background would be nice. No problem with the background, we can add any background later. Try and get a front and side view of the bat and ball. Nichalp 18:41, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC)

Here is a list of the pics I have taken now, hosted at another server to save Wikipedia's space until we choose which ones to use, but here they are (you need to click on download to see the pic):
 * I was refused access to the pictures by the link - is there a problem? Brookie 20:37, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeh there seems to be something wrong with them now... The site said they will only host for 30 days, but it's barely been a week since I put them up. I'll try to find another place soon. AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 22:46, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I've tried to access the images without any luck :( Nichalp 20:11, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * The site says "Do not share the above link, it will not work. Instead, give them the link you were given during upload". Over to AlbinoMonkey, again, I'm afraid - AM, are you able to give us that link instead? Alternatively, can you not just upload them to Wikipedia - we can always delete any that we don't want? jguk 20:36, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeh, the links I provided are the ones "given during upload". The link they are referring to (not to share) is the one where clicking "download" takes you. Smoddy said he would host them on his server - so I have emailed him, but he appears not to have been around for a while. I'll have a further look to find places that allow free file hosting... AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 09:54, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * If you email them to me I'll stick them online. --Ngb 10:22, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Some are now online here -- awaiting copies from Albinomonkey of the ones that came out zero-length. --Ngb 19:08, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry I've been having trouble with a virus on my C drive where the images are stored, that's what made them come out zero length. When I finally managed to attach them all to an email and send, I immediately got "failed" messages... It's a bit frustrating, I'll try to work it out tomorrow. Sorry everyone. AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 22:43, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Ball: (no brand new ones were available, but I should have some soon...)
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Bat:
 * Back view
 * Front view
 * Front view #2
 * Side view

Helmet:
 * Front view
 * Front view #2
 * Side view
 * Side view #2
 * Top view

Left-handed gloves:
 * Both gloves
 * Left glove (with padding on thumb)
 * Left glove #2

Right-handed gloves:
 * Both gloves
 * Both gloves #2
 * Left glove (no thumb padding)
 * Right glove

Pads:
 * Back view
 * Front view
 * Both pads

Due to focussing issues with my camera, some have a lot of empty space around the object, but they are pretty big pics, so feel free to crop or change whatever you want. If you choose to upload any of them to Wikipedia, just insert on the image page. AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 05:59, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * For those who decide to crop the images, it would be nice to make the ball the actual size. (True to scale) Squash 21:03, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll try and modify the images in a week or in ten days, and put it up back here. Thanks albinomonkey for the images. Nichalp

Test matches in the 19th century
I've been working on this article and would like to work it up to featured article status. I'd be grateful for any comments/improvements anyone has. In particular, if there are any Aussies out there who know something about the subject, it would be great to add some more stuff from an Aussie perspective. Many thanks in advance, jguk 16:54, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not familiar with any 19th century Test matches, but I might be able to get my hands on a book about the first 100 years of Australian cricket and have a look through it if it's any help. AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 00:36, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I have a book on every England Test player, if it helps. Smoddy | ειπετε 17:57, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * It would be great if you could add something. I've just had Cricket's Colosseum - 125 Years of Test Cricket at the MCG by Ken Piesse delivered - which will help me add something on the games at the MCG, jguk 18:34, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

"Test" or "test"?

 * It may seem like nitpicking after such a comprehensive article, but doesn't Test match usually have an upper-case T? Stephen Turner 17:27, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I think there are two camps on that one - see, for example, this google test. Perhaps the WikiProject should choose whether we have "test" or "Test" as a standard. (If we do, I'm in the "test" camp rather than the "Test" camp.) jguk 17:51, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I am firmly in the "Test" camp. Perhaps we need a vote. -- ALoan (Talk) 12:51, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * OK the vote starts then.
 * Test -- AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 12:54, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Test --Ngb 14:55, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Test Smoddy | ειπετε 18:28, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * test -- Though still please comment on Test matches in the 19th century! jguk 18:30, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Test -- Stephen Turner 18:52, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Test -- ALoan (Talk) 22:52, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Test -- Nichalp 18:17, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC) (I believe it is a proper noun)
 * Test .. Squash 02:55, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Okey-dokey, I can see when I'm outnumbered. I'll start using "Test" then. Just one thing, all the categories of the format Category:English test cricketers, etc. use "test". Unless someone knows a quick and easy way of changing them all to "English Test cricketers" and the like, I'll leave them there, jguk 19:18, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Lime Tree
I have some matter on the lime tree that was "killed". Does anyone have an idea on what to name the article?

 * St Lawrence Cricket Ground Lime Tree

 * Cricket grounds in most parts of the world are devoid of any trees or shrubs with the exception of the two trees. The lime tree in St Lawrence Cricket Ground, home of the Kent County Cricket Club, England and another in the Pietermaritzburg cricket ground in South Africa till recently were the only two trees within boundary limits. Sadly, on January 12, 2005, high winds in England caused the 158 year-old tree to topple and snap.

 * Shots blocked by the tree were counted as a four. Only three cricketers have cleared the 90 foot tree to score a six.  Middlesex's Jim Smith (1939) and  West Indians Learie Constantine (1928) and Carl Hooper (1992).

Please add it in a relavent page. I am currently toooooo busy to think of an apt page title. Nichalp 18:21, Feb 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think it should probably be in the article about the ground, rather than a separate article about the tree. Stephen Turner 18:31, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Since Kent County Cricket Club is itself just a stub, and there is no article on the Canterbury ground, I've added it to Kent County Cricket Club, jguk 19:12, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I should have said: I've moved it out to St Lawrence Ground. -- ALoan (Talk) 11:04, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * There are four batsmen who have hit the ball over tree according to Frank Keating.

"Every media outlet trotted out as undisputed certainty that only three batsmen had ever cleared the tree with a single blow - Learie Constantine first in 1929, big Jim Smith of Middlesex 10 years later and Kent's Carl Hooper in 1992. Not so.

This myth of three celebs must at once be scotched lest history accept it as fact. First to clear the fabled lime, four years before Constantine, was long-forgotten, breezily bullish Sussex amateur Colonel A C "Jacko" Watson, who in 1925 hit "Tich" Freeman not only clean over the tree but over the president's tent and the wide car park as well - and the lost ball was not found till the following spring, under bushes in a garden on the corner where Nackington Road meets the Old Dover Road. "

Source : http://sport.guardian.co.uk/columnists/story/0,10260,1390182,00.html

I suppose Keating is one of the finest cricket writers around (or left). Can we consider this as authentic ? Tintin1107 22:16, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

More thoughts : Btw, Constantine's hit was not in 1929 as mentioned by Keating. So much for my faith in him :(

AEJ Collins Featured Article Request
Hey guys,

AEJ Collins, the 13 year old schoolboy who made the highest ever recorded score (628 not out) has been submitted as a featured article. I'd be grateful for any help and input into this article you guys could make. :) Talrias 18:13, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)

Which South African flag should we use?
I was thinking of putting the historic cricketer template on Graeme Pollock but am not sure which South African flag to use (see Flag of South Africa). It just seems odd to use a flag for some players that they did not play under (and in some instances would never have seen), though I must say, I wouldn't recognise the red ensign used between 1910 and 1928, and wouldn't relish deciding what to use for cricketers before 1910. (Of course, this also applies to 19th century Australians.) jguk 21:21, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I think, for consistency's sake, we should use the modern version for every player. How would many people recognise an old South African flag?  It may seem a little odd, but it does make the most sense if we are trying to achieve some kind of simplicity to implement.  I don't fancy doing the coding to put in another flag.  Just stick the current one in.  If people don't know, then they won't be bothered.  If they do know, I can't see them being offended.  Smoddy (t) (e) (c) 21:44, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I second what Smoddy said. Squash 02:49, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * And besides, the current South African flag was not adopted until April 1994, well after the country's readmission, so many players will have played under both the current and previous flags. I agree that it's best simply to use the current flag. Loganberry 15:26, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

International cricket in South Africa (1971 to 1981)
I've just launched this article - would be grateful for suggested improvements.

Just a slight diversion for me: I'll be off to improve my Test cricket in the 19th century articles now:) jguk 23:38, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Featured article candidate
I've nominated Test matches in the 19th century (to 1883) as a featured article candidate on WP:FAC. Any comments/support would be welcome, jguk 21:43, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Category:Cricket subcategories
I put the "Cricket subcategories" category up for deletion over on Categories for deletion since I don't believe it fits in with the existing guidelines on how subcategories should be structured. Jguk and Pcpcpc objected streunously, though, saying they needed a complete list of cricket subcategories for further work on organizing them and would continue to need them for years to come. I think this need would be far better served by a list rather than a category, so I'm going to port the category's contents over to one and hopefully demonstrate this. What sort of work is it that'll need to be done over the next few years, so that I can try tailoring the list's structure to it? Bryan 01:37, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't necessarily see that the work will take 'years' -- but I would strongly object to doing this in list form rather than category. It just introduces an extra level of manual changes for us to make, and there are really very, very few of us adding cricket content on a regular basis. Let's not make it any more difficult/bothersome. --Ngb 12:07, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * But what sort of work is it? I've been told many times now how necessary this aberrent category is for the work being done here, and how much more troublesome a list would be for doing it, but so far nobody has actually told me what this work is. There are 265 categories currently in "Cricket subcategories", if each had been added to a list one at a time and Wikipedia had been especially slow that day so that it took a full minute for each one, that would only take a grand total of four and a half hours. This does not strike me as the sort of saved time that's worth leaving something like "Cricket subcategories" in Wikipedia on an extended basis. Bryan 16:42, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I've asked here, I've asked on my user talk page when jguk brought the subject up there, and I've asked on categories for deletion, and as yet nobody has given me any answer regarding what this category is actually used for. Ngb apparently doesn't even believe my offer of help. So I'll leave you to do whatever it is you're doing, and check back in a few months to see how it's going. Bryan 00:40, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe your offer of help, limited as it is. What I don't believe is that you'll stick around keeping your list of categories manually updated for every category change that's made. Additionally, several of us have explained what we use the category for: I suspect a case of 'none so deaf as those that will not hear'. --Ngb 19:06, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Would you humor me one more time, then, by pointing out where this explanation is? The best I've been able to find is from one of jguk's comments under the CfD discussion: "This category allows me to check whether we have similar categories already - one just cropped up for me with a cricketer who played for Natal. Did we have a KwaZulu-Natal cricketers category, or should I create a new Natal cricketers category?" This doesn't seem like it could possibly be the whole purpose of this category, though, since looking under Category:South African cricketers is the obvious place to find such a category - and sure enough, there's the Natal cricketers category. He also said "What about when dealing with a cricketer who has gone on to write books, broadcast, get knighted and become President of the MCC? Looking at Category:Cricket subcategories makes it easy to decide how to categorise him." This doesn't make much sense to me since going to Category:Cricketers gives me a much better-sorted and -selected grouping of possible subcategories to put a cricketer into whereas "Cricket subcategories" is a jumble of every possible cricket category whether relevant to individual cricket players or not. If I'd been looking for category:cricketing knights in the "subcategories" list, for example, I would have first looked under K for "knights" whereas under "cricketers" it's mixed in with only 8 other subcategories and was easy to spot. I mentioned some of this in response to his comments at the time but perhaps I didn't go into enough detail about why I felt this was an unnecessarily difficult way to do it. In any event, these reasons are "permanent" ones that would require the category to remain on Wikipedia indefinitely (or until all possible cricket articles are written, which amounts to the same thing) so I would continue objecting solely on that basis if nothing else.
 * Were those really the only reasons this subcategory's being kept? Bryan 01:34, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Bryan, whilst I welcome your willingness to help with the cricket categorisation, I would also ask you to recognise that you are unfamiliar with the game and the current categorisations. Please discuss what you are doing before making loads of changes. Also, please recognise that we are never going to agree on the Cricket subcategories category. Just respect that it's there and help maintain it - if you wish to develop other categorisation tools alongside this one, by all means do so.

On the specific issue of South African cricket teams, these have changed their names quite a few times. Personally I would not open up a Kwazulu-Natal cricketers category, but stick to the Natal cricketers category. These categories relate to teams, not to nationalities - so it does not follow that all cricketers in that category will be South African cricketers, jguk 04:20, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't respect that "cricket subcategories" is there since I still believe that it's in violation of the categorization conventions and haven't seen anything to convince me otherwise. However, since the CfD has failed to achieve consensus I'll just ignore it for the time being and see how it develops later. I don't intend to create any cricket categories from scratch, just categorize the existing ones, so that shouldn't cause any problems for whatever you're using that subcategory category for. On the specific issue of the South African cricket teams, I'm not sure what you mean - Category:Natal cricketers was already in Category:South African cricketers, you yourself put it there. All I did was put it under Category:KwaZulu-Natal Province, which according to the KwaZulu-Natal page was once simply named Natal. This seemed like a very reasonable basis for assuming that the one should be a subcategory of the other, if this is not the case then IMO there definitely needs to be an explanation of that on the Natal cricketers page. Is the Natal team not based in KwaZulu-Natal province? Bryan 04:53, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, BTW, I just stumbled across a category convention that IMO the "subcategories" category does fall under: Categorization. What would you guys say to putting the "cricket subcategories" tag into the Category talk: pages of the various categories instead? That would wholly satisfy my urge to hide meta-information like this from the casual browser, since that's what talk: pages are for. Bryan 05:06, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I wouldn't have a problem with that -- it sounds like a useful compromise. Anyone else? --Ngb 19:56, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I think I know what you mean, and would be ok with that - but would like to be sure. Could you demonstrate with just one category what you mean?

I feel that there are too many cricket subcategories. I don't see the need of classifying the same player as "Cricketer, England batsman, England bowler, England allrounder" and and so on. Nichalp 17:54, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * The same player shouldn't, I would agree, be categorised as 'Cricketer, England batsman, England bowler, England allrounder' since the last three categories should be mutually exclusive: if any player appears in more than one, he/she has been wrongly categorised (IMO). I would also say it was probably unnecessary to have a player categorised as 'English cricketers, English bowlers' or similar: he should just be in 'English bowlers', which should be a subcategory of 'English cricketers' and of 'Bowlers', each of which should be a subcategory of 'Cricketers'. --Ngb 19:43, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Ian Botham for a start:

 * Category:1955 births, Category:English batsmen, Category:English bowlers, Category:English all-rounders, Category:Somerset cricketers, Category:Worcestershire cricketers, Category:Durham cricketers, Category:Queensland cricketers, Category:English ODI cricketers, Category:English test cricketers, Category:English cricket captains, Category:Wisden Cricketers of the Year, Category:Cricket writers and broadcasters.

 * I mentioned this a few weeks ago on Talk:Ian Botham. Some others disagree, apparently. -- ALoan (Talk) 19:49, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't see a need to have a categorisation by skill - I certainly wouldn't search by it, and at times the categorisation could be controversial, particularly if we don't label all-rounders as also being batsmen and bowlers. (For example, should Graham Gooch be classified as a batsman or an all-rounder?)

 * I'd happily remove the "by skill categories", so that instead of, amount other things, describing Ian Botham as "Category:English batsmen, Category:English bowlers, Category:English all-rounders", we would replace these 3 epithets with "Category:English cricketers" jguk 20:00, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Much better. I support the move. Nichalp 20:16, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * For what my personal opinion is worth, I don't see anything wrong with categorising a player under everything they've done (as evidence by Ian Botham's impressive list above). While recognising him in Category:English cricketers is all well and good, it doesn't necessarily tailor towards Wikipedia readers who may not be completely up to speed with English cricketers...shouldn't the encyclopedic entries be tended towards everyone, not just those who are familiy with cricket and cricketers?  At the end of the day Botham's name shows up in a heap of categories, which is useful.  If you were to go ahead and revoke Category:English all-rounders, Category:English batsmen and the like from all cricketers in Wikipedia, then what would be the point of having these individual categories?  I don't think it's wrongly categorising Botham (to continue his example) as an English batsman, bowler, all-rounder, captain, etc because that's what he was.  Same for, say, Zimbabwe's Tatenda Taibu: Zimbabwean cricketer, Zimbabwean batsman, Zimbabwean wicketkeeper, Zimbabwean captain.  As for controversial categories (e.g. the Graham Gooch example, batsman or all-rounder?) a bit of commensense is needed, utilise the talk: pages and get a consensus, categories are easy to add to an entry...just my two cents anyway :)   --Broomballcory 07:41, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Wiktionary
I was having a look at wiktionary and found that is has a pretty good list of cricket related terms. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Cricket. As I will be busy for the rest of the month, is there anyone who could volunteer to add missing terms and fielding positions from cricket terminology and fielding positions in cricket into wiktionary? Nichalp 20:23, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)

Test cricket families
Hello. I've posted a new article Test cricket families if anyone's interested or got anything to add. - Ianbrown 08:14, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * now expanded to List of Test or One-day International cricket families - Ianbrown 01:27, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Pura Cup/ING Cup
Two new articles added for you Aussies out there: Pura Cup and ING Cup. - Ianbrown 12:39, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Cricketer categorisation
Hi, I noticed that you've all done an excellent categorising cricketers, and cricket in general! A very coherent and logical scheme that is a pleasure to browse through. I did wonder if Category:Cricketers by team will eventually have to be subdivided so that English, Australian etc teams are in separate subcategories (once all the Ranji Trophy teams get added it will be a very full category!) but I really have a query about categorising individual cricketers by era, so that contemporary cricketers would appear in the same category - that seems to be an alternative and sensible way of sorting them. "By decade" seems to be the best way to handle it - only a bare handful of cricketers would straddle three decades at international level. Since you seem to be "in charge" of cricketers generally I thought I would make the proposition here. Which format of these do you think would be best? Formats 3 and 4 would fit better into your (logical) categorisation split between Test and ODI cricketers, but since so many cricketers would be in both, for two different decades, it runs the risk of "overcategorisation". Formats 1 and 2 wouldn't result in the same amount overcategorisation, but don't easily fit into the Test/ODI cricketer split (and it does seem relevant - IMO it would be nice to have at least one category in which both Nasser Hussain and Steve Waugh appeared as contemporaries, but Tim de Leede and Bas Zuiderent didn't join them! With the ICC switching to the new system for widening recognition of ODI status, under which if the England/Namibia tour matches of this Winter were played next Winter they would be full ODIs, recognising a Test/ODI split seems to be a good idea).
 * 1) "International cricketers 1990-99" (this sort of date format is used e.g. by Wikiproject:Aircraft)
 * 2) "1990s international cricketers" (I prefer this date format - shorter & more natural, though 1900-09 and 2000-09 look a bit strange. Nevertheless, look at 1900s on WP and you get the decade not the century)
 * 3) "Test cricketers 1990-99" & "ODI cricketers 1990-99"
 * 4) "1990s Test cricketers" & "1990s ODI cricketers"

I'm quite happy to do all the manual categorisation myself but I just wondered if anybody here thought that such a scheme would be useful and in what way you would prefer me to do it. If anybody has any thoughts on 1-4 (or indeed any other alternatives), then please leave some replies here. Some feedback would be appreciated!

Oh, and one more idea - what about Category:Cricket World Cup winners or similar for CWC-winning cricketers? I know there are a large number of awards and champions in cricket, but the CWC does stand out as one especially worth including (more so than, say, ICC Champions' Trophy winners) even if you are a die-hard member of the "ODI cricket isn't proper cricket" brigade. VivaEmilyDavies 21:36, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

WikiPortal
I've started to put together the rudiments of a cricket WikiPortal on Wikiportal/Cricket. However, I'd like it to be a WikiPortal with a difference. The other ones have the editor in mind - I'd prefer to have the reader in mind, so that, once developed, the WikiPortal will be moved to "Cricket". Any comments/suggested improvements to the WikiPortal? jguk 20:00, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Notability
Now, we have one heck of a lot of cricket articles on Wikipedia. I think we need to have some criteria, just so that we can show a definite line for notability. I would suggest as follows:
 * Players: one or more of
 * >5 Tests as a player
 * >1 Test as captain
 * >20 ODIs as player for a Test-playing nation
 * >1 ODI as captain for a Test-playing nation
 * Selection for >2 foreign Test tours
 * Captaincy of a World Cup non-Test playing nation
 * Some feat listed as a record in Wisden (I'm not sure about this one)
 * >250 first-class matches
 * Teams
 * Test-playing teams
 * ODI teams that have played >10 ODIs
 * First-class teams that have played >50 matches
 * Grounds
 * Grounds at which
 * >10 Tests have been played
 * >25 ODIs have been played
 * Competitions
 * World Cups
 * All bilateral Test series
 * Annual one-day series to have involved a minimum sum of 5 Test teams and to have continued over more than 5 seasons
 * ICC-organised international competitions for World Cup qualification (again, not quite sure)
 * Other organisations
 * Supporter groups of international teams

Any suggestions? Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 15:44, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree that cricket contributors need to have some sort of direction but I am not sure there needs to be a limit set on what can go into Wikipedia. Its bounds are limitless so I don't see a need for it.  I do, however, believe that pretty much everything listed here needs to be a priority, although I'm quite happy to continue updating and categorising player profiles as I trollop around the cricketing confines of this grand encyclopedia :) --Broomballcory 15:59, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Personally I'd say that the following are notable enough for a WP article (though obviously VfD would be the final arbiter):

 * Anyone who has played at least one first-class game
 * Anyone who has played at least one ODI
 * Any team that has played first-class cricket (though other teams, like I Zingari and the Bunbury XI are also notable)
 * Any regular (or once regular) first-class ground
 * All first-class or List A tournaments (plus some other tournaments) jguk 19:51, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I think Smoddy's guidelines are a little strict. For example, Ian Bell wouldn't qualify - except perhaps by virtue of his record number of runs in April this year - and certainly I think he's easily notable enough for an entry. Conversely, to put in everyone who's ever played even one f-c match, as jguk suggests, is mightily ambitious, and would require the inclusion of people who it really would be stretching it to call "notable" cricketers. (On another note, thanks to jguk for inviting me over here in the first place!) Loganberry 14:44, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Welcome Loganberry. I wasn't suggesting that we should aim to have an article on every first-class cricketer, just expressing a view that any first-class cricketer is notable enough to have an article on WP (if someone wishes to write it). Maybe you are unfamiliar with WP:VfD, and if you are, I strongly recommend that you remain unfamiliar with it - but that is where articles about non-notable subjects get deleted from WP. Even though EW Bastard was not the most notable of cricketers, I don't want my small article on him deleted:) jguk 14:57, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay; that makes perfect sense - and I agree with you whole-heartedly on the matter of Mr Bastard. =:) In any case, I see that he played 37 matches and was selected for the Gentlemen, both of which I think settle the matter of his notability. As for WP:VfD, I've prodded at it cautiously a couple of times, but only ever actually voted there when I know exactly what I'm talking about. Which is rare! Loganberry 15:16, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

Improvements for the cricket page
I want to improve the cricket page still further so am seeking volunteers to carry out certain tasks. Here's what I want to do:
 * Get more images relating to the sport. AlbinoMonkey had put up some nice images but unfortunately the site seems to be down. He's currently busy, so I guess that we'll have to wait a little longer.
 * I would like a nice image of a D/N ODI image in progress.
 * Improve the diagrams on the page. The current ones (made by me) are a bit amateurish, and I plan to have it redrawn.
 * Make a wikibook on cricket (I'll do this)
 * Add some references and books for further reading. (need volunteers to add books)
 * Clean up some text on the page. Some sentences are a little difficult to understand. Also reduce the page size from 32 kb to less than 30kb. (I'll do this)
 * Have the page audio recorded: See WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia (Volunteer needed)
 * Have the page translated to other languages. I thought we could have some healthy competition with cricket's "rival" -- baseball. Would like to know if the page can be translated/stubbed into the following languages: Arabic, Greek, Eesti, Hebrew, Latin, Italian, Lithuanian, Korean, Norsk, Polski,Portuguese, Chinese, Welsh, Irish. I can try and add Marathi, Nepali, Punjabi, Gujarati and a few other languages. (Volunteers needed)

Any takers? == 15:07, May 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds great. I may have a couple of helpful points for you.
 * Albinomonkey emailed the pictures to me, but all but six didn't come through. So I have six cricket balls.  Then again, I may be able to get a couple of pictures taken myself.  I'll see how that goes.
 * The wikibook is a great idea, but I think we may need to spend a bit of time working on the outside topics first. Would you include players' biographies?  How about setting up a team of editors to get the wikibook ready together? Edit: did you mean Wikibook or WikiReader? 16:28, 12 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Translation could be fun. I'll ask my cricket-cum-Latin master how to translate certain terms...  "Cricket" would be a start...
 * I think the cricket section of wikipedia could be excellent. I especially hope we can make a trend with the wikibook! Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 16:12, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I was referring to wikibooks. I wasn't aware of the wikireader. If we can make a wikibook, it would be easier to make a wikireader. A wikibook would be worthwhile as the current article is constrained by tone and length.
 * I'm eager to have the page translated. [I've done that on the India page (75+ interwikis).]
 * I was looking to write about how the game is played in the wikibook rather than including biographies.
 * As for the images, good to know that you have them. This software is a great tool for uploading the files to commons. PS. I dont mind 'photoshopping' the images. == 17:08, May 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah yes, that makes more sense. Nevertheless, I do think a wikireader would be good, and I don't mind doing the work.  It might have to wait until after my exams, though.  I'll have a think about it.  As to the images, give me a couple of days.  I'll do 'em in the sunshine on a cricket pitch, if I can. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 17:42, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

What would a Wikibook have that we can't put on Wikipedia? jguk 19:54, 12 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Length will be greater. A more illustrative language. And won't have to stick to a monotonous encyclopedic tone. (This is WRT how the game is played) == 20:00, May 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not convinced (would like to see an example first). I'm also very aware that Wikipedia gets many, many more readers than Wikibooks - which is why I have a strong preference for keeping pages on Wikipedia where possible. (Which is why I've preferred employing sometimes controversial techniques in developing the cricket coverage here rather than going to Wikicities or whatever.) Kind regards, jguk 20:16, 12 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not asking for the wikibook to rival or replace the wikipedia page. I want to give a reader some more options regarding how the sport is played. There are limitations of this page which can very well be addressed in the book. eg. The methods of dismissal can be well covered in the wikibook instead of breaking off to separate articles here. Also we could have a complete coverage to the sport and gameplan there. When the cricket page was on peer review, one reviewer had suggested modifying the details as to how the game flows. At that time I wasn't aware of the wikibook. == 06:09, May 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry I've been a bit busy... got exams coming up soon. I'll be on holidays from July 4, so although its a long time away it'll probably be the first real chance I get to get all those images in. Sorry guys. AlbinoMonkey (Talk) 00:22, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

Cricket wikireader
I personally feel that the wikipedia coverage of cricket is full enough to create a wikireader. This needn't be something to be set in stone, but rather something to be continually updated. I am creating a list of articles in an approximate order that they might go in at User:Smoddy/Cricket WikiReader. I would appreciate comments or contributions. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 13:27, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

Collaboration of the fortnight
This is a suggestion that we have a collaboration of the fortnight. The idea derived from Smoddy's WikiReader list, which shows a number of gaps in our cricket coverage which really ought to be filled. In particular, our write-ups of the national teams are somewhat indifferent at present (although the West Indian one is probably closest to FA status.

I've opened up a page on WikiProject Cricket/Collaboration of the fortnight to discuss possible collaborations. Maybe discuss what we want to do for now, with the first one coming in next week (Sunday 22 May). Kind regards, jguk 12:08, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds a good idea. I'm not "officially" nominating anything there since I can't commit to being available to help at a specific time, but I'll say here that personally I like the idea of The Ashes being chosen, since unlike the other nominees (except perhaps the Tsunami Appeal one), time is rather of the essence with that one. Loganberry 23:10, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

Infobox question
What should be done with the various nationality fields in the case of those such as Kepler Wessels who played for more than one country? And, even more so, what about players who changed their actual nationality - for example, did some India/Pakistan players do that after partition? Should the flag displayed be their birth nationality, their final nationality, the flag they played most under, or what? Loganberry 11:58, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * See the archive of this talk page for the previous occasion on which this was discussed. There wasn't any real consensus achieved: as far as I am aware, most participants are giving players flags based on the team they played most for. --Ngb 12:24, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The view above was that it should be the country with which a player is most closely associated. I think in Wessels case, he is clearly South African. However, I'm sure there are other players where the distinction is not so obvious. Kind regards, jguk 12:25, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, that was Smoddy's view; Nichalp and Squash were the only other people to express opinions, and they both had different suggestions. To me it seems difficult to come up with one 'defined' formula for doing it: 'the country with which a player is most closely associated' is a subjective thing, so it seems clear these things need to be decided on an individual basis rather than by some one size fits all fiat. Wessels is clearly South African. :) --Ngb 16:51, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Which was my point. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 16:59, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Wessels probably wasn't a particularly good example. One who might be, though - and someone who at the time of writing doesn't have a page at all, is John Traicos, who played three Tests for SA before their isolation, and four for Zimbabwe after they gained international status. Cricinfo list him as "Zimbabwe/South Africa", so I'd be inclined to mark him down as Zimbabwean, especially as he played for Zim in the ICC Trophy, but it's a closer-run thing in his case. (On top of all that, he was born in Egypt and now lives in Australia!) Loganberry 00:32, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd also go with Zimbabwean for Traicos. --Ngb 12:53, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

Trivia
More queries :

In the last two days I added a few lines of verse to [] and [Test cricket 1890-1900]. While such things are interesting or even informative, this is not the sort of things that you will usually find in an encyclopaedia.

Just wanted to know whether there is any difference of opinion about adding non-serious stuff in serious articles, in which case I'll delete them or move them to articles where they may not be out of place. If there isn't, I'll continue adding stories in a Trivia section under the articles, like the one about Ernie Jones' beamer through WG Grace's beard !

Tintin 14:50, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I would be careful adding such things. If they are relevant and independantly verifiable, then I think inclusion is fair enough.  Otherwise, I personally wouldn't. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 16:40, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I disagree that you'll never find diversions such as these in encyclopaedias. If they are interesting and true, and if there are not too many of them, I quite like to see them:) You'll need to cite sources for them though, Tintin, jguk 18:40, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Citing sources is definitely the key, though. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 20:08, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the comments. If at any point, any of them look unnecessary please leave a comment here and I'll do the needful.

 * I was also about write about sources because when it comes to such things as Grace's stories, many versions exist for almost all of them.

 * As an aside, it may be a neat idea to start an article for cricketing verses, and include 10-15 of the most famous ones. I have Alan Ross' anthology 'A Cricketer's companion' lying around somewhere, which has some 100 pages of poems. Tintin 20:21, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Firstly, be careful to avoid copyright violations. Secondly, this might be better for WikiSource. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 20:25, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

An article on cricket-related poetry would be appropriate for WP - I think it would be quite interesting - maybe even a future Collaboration of the Fortnight. Such an article wouldn't quote at length from any one verse, therefore avoiding copyright problems (also, some of the older and better ones are out of copyright now anyway).

Only longer quotations would need to go on Wikisource. I say go for it Tintin, and I'll chip in every so often:

 * Block, block, block
 * At the foot of thy wicket, O Scotton!
 * And I would that my tongue would utter
 * My boredom. You won't put the pot on!
 * Oh, nice for the bowler, my boy,
 * That each ball like a barndoor you play!
 * Oh, nice for yourself, I suppose,
 * That you stick at the wicket all day!

 * And the clock's slow hands go on,
 * And you still keep up your sticks;
 * But oh! for the lift of a smiting hand,
 * And the sound of a swipe for six!
 * Block, block, block,
 * At the foot of thy wicket, ah do!
 * But one hour of Grace or Walter Read
 * Were worth a week of you!

Also, how does that one about Hornby and Barlow go? Kind regards, jguk 17:36, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I learned it by heart when I was a teenager. It goes OTOH -

 * It's little I repair to the matches of the Southron folk
 * Though my own red roses there may blow
 * It's little I repair to the matches of the Southron folk
 * Though the red roses crest the caps I know
 * For the field is full of shades as I near a shadowy coast
 * And a ghostly batsman plays to the bowling of a ghost
 * And I look through my tears on a soundless clapping host
 * As the run stealers flicker to and fro
 * To and fro,
 * O my Hornby and my Barlow long ago

 * It's Gloucester come north the irresistable
 * The shire of the Graces long ago
 * It's Gloucestershire up north the irrestistable
 * And the new risen Lancashire the foe
 * A shire so young that it has scarce impressed its traces
 * Ah, how shall it stand before all resistless Graces
 * O little red rose, their bats are as maces
 * To beat thee down, this summer long ago

 * This day of seventy they are come north against thee,
 * This day of seventy eight long ago
 * The champion of the centuries, he cometh up against thee
 * And his brethren, everyone a famous foe
 * The long whiskered doctor who laughs the rules to scorn
 * While the bowler pitched against him bans the day he was born
 * And GF, with his science makes the fairest length forlorn
 * They are come up from the West to work thee woe

 * It's little I repair ...

 * This is how I remember it. Some of the bad grammar could be either old English or my errors.

 * A search in google turned up nothing. It is a shame if it not available online anywhere. Its copyright must have long expired. Gutenberg has none of Francis Thomson's poems. Tintin 19:09, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Although it's got 4 verses, I've never heard before the first one before. Derek Birley in both The Willow Wand and his excellent A Social History of English Cricket is disparaging about the other verses. He also points out that Francis Thompson originally went for "O my Monkey and my Stonewaller long ago" before deciding to use surnames rather than nicknames! jguk 20:41, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * And don't forget There's a breathless hush in the Close to-night/Ten to make and the match to win. Stephen Turner 19:50, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I've added all this to Cricket poetry. I haven't done much with it, but from little acorns great oaks do grow, jguk 22:07, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi! I ran across Cricket poetry during my usual perusal of newly-created articles.  Might I suggest fleshing it out a bit with some commentary or historicay perspective on the genre of cricket poetry?  Right now the article is just a collection of poems.  While interesting, they're perhaps better suited to Wikisource or perhaps Wikiquote.  Cheers, --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 23:54, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Added the background for At Lord's. Read it in a book called 'They made cricket' by GD Martineau many years ago. I may have missed some details, so i you can find this or some other source, feel free to rewrite the story. Tintin 11:46, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

International Template
I've made a template similar to that of the 2005 English cricket season template, only for international tours this season. The season classification is from cricinfo. Thought it might be useful if we want to expand the coverage on other tours as well as the England competitions. Edit: I see now that the naming is a bit stupid - maybe some admin could rename it to "international cricket tours of 2005" instead of just international tours? Sam Vimes 09:20, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I have moved it as requested, but you could have moved it yourself: there should be a "Move this page" link somewhere (exactly where it is will depend on which skin you are using).  This might not work if the target already exists and is not simply a redirect to the page being moved with no history - in which case you would need to get an admin involved via Requested moves - but in this case, all was fine. -- ALoan (Talk) 10:03, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, didn't know about that (am still a bit of a n00b at wiki-editing). Will use it in future. Sam Vimes 10:30, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah, you need to be around for a few days for the "move" function to be unlocked (and unregistered editors can't do it at all). See, er, How to rename (move) a page, I think, for more info. -- ALoan (Talk) 11:25, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

"Result"
I was a little startled when editing The Ashes to discover that there is an article about results in cricket located at plain Result. As someone says on that article's Talk page (and I agree), it's hardly the first place someone specifically interested in cricket would look. I'm not sure whether there's a need for a specific Results in cricket page or the like, but if so it should certainly go in a less vaguely-titled article. Loganberry 02:23, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I've moved the page to The result in cricket. --Ngb 10:18, 27 May 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:WAvegetarian

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Enter the archives: Archive #1 ( - 9:00, 10 January 2006 (UTC)) Archive #2 (9:00, 10 January 2006 (UTC) - 9 June 2006 (UTC)) Archive #3 (9 June 2006 (UTC) - 14 October 2006 (UTC)) Archive #4 (14 October 2006 (UTC) - )

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Madness of King George (book).jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Madness of King George (book).jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 16:57, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Word Freak.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Word Freak.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 06:18, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Vandalism
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weapon_of_mass_destruction&oldid=189554097

I reverted the vandalism.

King Semsem (talk) 20:03, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

Image:Contrabid.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Contrabid.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Nv8200p talk 20:38, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

Photo request
I saw your name at Wikipedians/Photographers. For spite house, please photograph the Montlake Spite House located at 2022 24th Ave E, Seattle, WA 98112 if you are in that area. Thanks. GregManninLB (talk) 01:10, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

Literati (game)
I've put this article up for proposed deletion (with WP:N and WP:V concerns.) You may like to address the concerns! Marasmusine (talk) 13:27, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

Seattle meetup 5
Hi WAvegetarian, I see that you've attended the Seattle meetup 3 back in 2006. I hope that you can make it to the next one on June 19! Bestchai (talk) 22:07, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

Help needed: Title change
Hi, Sorry to trouble you, but I didn't know where else to go for help. I've written a biography of the late stage and silent film star Paul Gilmore, but I had to list him as "Paul H. Gilmore" because there was another guy on Wikipedia named "Paul Gillmor." There really is no way to confuse the two because the spellings of the last name are completely different, but Wikipedia wouldn't let me list my guy as "Paul Gilmore." Hence, I had to add the middle initial to make it different.

I'd like to change that -- to list him, simply, as "Paul Gilmore," which is how he was known. How do I go about doing that?

Just as an added note; I'm rewriting the bio this weekend to reflect new information that has come to me, and will whip it into shape regarding style, references, etc.

Thank you for your help! CC —Preceding unsigned comment added by 147.138.33.122 (talk) 15:12, 19 September 2008 (UTC)

eighth blackbird
I think the issue here is that eighth blackbird is not the professionally used (or stage name) of a person (and so cannot be compared to will.i.am or k.d. lang). It is a trademark, and therefore seems to fall under those conventions (MOS:TM) when titling a Wikipedia article, as do craigslist, adidas, and thirtysomething. If you can find circumstances where lowercased trademarks (excepting of course eBay, iPod, etc.) are used lowercase in their Wikipedia article titles — in particular other musical groups — and prove that they are comforming to Wikipedia naming conventions, it might more readily be seen to possibly apply here. Anyway, that's my take on it at the moment, after researching the matter for about 20 minutes. Softlavender (talk) 01:54, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Adidas: Yes, it (and the others) should always be in uppercase:

 * Trademarks rendered without any capitals are always capitalized:
 * avoid: thirtysomething is a television show that may have been sponsored by adidas, but not by craigslist, because the show was over before craigslist existed.
 * instead, use: Thirtysomething is a television show that may have been sponsored by Adidas, but not by Craigslist, because the show was over before Craigslist existed.

 * From MOS:TM. I started to think about fixing it just now, but there's spillover to another Adidas subsidiary's article and I felt I didn't have the time at present. Softlavender (talk) 05:39, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I wonder if a Bot could do all of those annoying fixes? Because it's just not my cup of tea. I will leave it to your discretion. BTW, Happy holidays! Softlavender (talk) 13:47, 26 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Totally hear you. Have fun in your classes, whatever they be. (What be they, if the conversation warrants?) Softlavender (talk) 04:17, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of YMCA Camp Orkila

The article YMCA Camp Orkila has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Non-notable summer camp. Other summer camps over 100 years old include Camp Mowglis (founded 1903) YMCA Camp St. Croix, Lake Delaware Boys' Camp, YMCA Camp Eberhart, Camp Lincoln - Camp Lake Hubert, and Camp Wachusett. There are many more, I just searched by "founded 1903" or "founded 1909" and "summer camp". Try searching by some other years.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Abductive (reasoning) 15:40, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

AfD nomination of YMCA Camp Orkila
An article that you have been involved in editing, YMCA Camp Orkila, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/. Thank you.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Abductive (reasoning) 17:43, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Seva logo.png
 Thanks for uploading File:Seva logo.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Thank you. DASHBot (talk) 05:25, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have (or very recently had) enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion, guidelines for use at WP:MINOR). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and all users will still be able to manually mark their edits as being minor in the usual way.

For well-established users such as yourself there is a workaround available involving custom JavaScript. If you have any problems, feel free to drop me a note.

Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 20:53, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

Non-free rationale for File:Powerpetebox.jpeg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Powerpetebox.jpeg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under non-free content criteria, but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia is acceptable. Please go to the file description page, and edit it to include a non-free rationale.

If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified the non-free rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem. If you have any questions, please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 11:29, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

MSU Interview
Dear WAvegetarian,

My name is Jonathan Obar user:Jaobar, I'm a professor in the College of Communication Arts and Sciences at Michigan State University and a Teaching Fellow with the Wikimedia Foundation's Education Program. This semester I've been running a little experiment at MSU, a class where we teach students about becoming Wikipedia administrators. Not a lot is known about your community, and our students (who are fascinated by wiki-culture by the way!) want to learn how you do what you do, and why you do it. A while back I proposed this idea (the class) to the communityHERE, where it was met mainly with positive feedback. Anyhow, I'd like my students to speak with a few administrators to get a sense of admin experiences, training, motivations, likes, dislikes, etc. We were wondering if you'd be interested in speaking with one of our students.

So a few things about the interviews:
 * Interviews will last between 15 and 30 minutes.
 * Interviews can be conducted over skype (preferred), IRC or email. (You choose the form of communication based upon your comfort level, time, etc.)
 * All interviews will be completely anonymous, meaning that you (real name and/or pseudonym) will never be identified in any of our materials, unless you give the interviewer permission to do so.
 * All interviews will be completely voluntary. You are under no obligation to say yes to an interview, and can say no and stop or leave the interview at any time.
 * The entire interview process is being overseen by MSU's institutional review board (ethics review). This means that all questions have been approved by the university and all students have been trained how to conduct interviews ethically and properly.

Bottom line is that we really need your help, and would really appreciate the opportunity to speak with you. If interested, please send me an email at obar@msu.edu (to maintain anonymity) and I will add your name to my offline contact list. If you feel comfortable doing so, you can post your nameHERE instead.

If you have questions or concerns at any time, feel free to email me at obar@msu.edu. I will be more than happy to speak with you.

Thanks in advance for your help. We have a lot to learn from you.

Sincerely,

Jonathan Obar --Jaobar — Preceding unsigned comment added by 35.9.115.210 (talk) 21:37, 2 March 2012 (UTC)

image use
i have used this picture 'Burning_Bunsen_burner.jpg'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Alvinkyw (talk • contribs) 15:02, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

MfD nomination of User:WAvegetarian/Doe
User:WAvegetarian/Doe, a page you substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:WAvegetarian/Doe and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:WAvegetarian/Doe during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Jinkinson  talk to me   What did he do now?  16:37, 11 December 2013 (UTC)

Request for comment
Hello there, a proposal regarding pre-adminship review has been raised at Village pump by. Your comments here is very much appreciated. Many thanks. Jim Carter through MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 06:47, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:ShreddedWheat.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:ShreddedWheat.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 17:31, 8 May 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Block Request Comment Suggestion
Hey,

Can you put a temp page protection and block that user for Tetragrammation?

Thanks, --TJH2018 (talk) 02:34, 3 March 2016 (UTC)

Two-Factor Authentication now available for admins
Hello,

Please note that TOTP based two-factor authentication is now available for all administrators. In light of the recent compromised accounts, you are encouraged to add this additional layer of security to your account. It may be enabled on your preferences page in the "User profile" tab under the "Basic information" section. For basic instructions on how to enable two-factor authentication, please see the developing help page for additional information. Important: Be sure to record the two-factor authentication key and the single use keys. If you lose your two factor authentication and do not have the keys, it's possible that your account will not be recoverable. Furthermore, you are encouraged to utilize a unique password and two-factor authentication for the email account associated with your Wikimedia account. This measure will assist in safeguarding your account from malicious password resets. Comments, questions, and concerns may be directed to the thread on the administrators' noticeboard. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 20:33, 12 November 2016 (UTC)

A new user right for New Page Patrollers
Hi.

A new user group, New Page Reviewer, has been created in a move to greatly improve the standard of new page patrolling. The user right can be granted by any admin at PERM. It is highly recommended that admins look beyond the simple numerical threshold and satisfy themselves that the candidates have the required skills of communication and an advanced knowledge of notability and deletion. Admins are automatically included in this user right.

It is anticipated that this user right will significantly reduce the work load of admins who patrol the performance of the patrollers. However,due to the complexity of the rollout, some rights may have been accorded that may later need to be withdrawn, so some help will still be needed to some extent when discovering wrongly applied deletion tags or inappropriate pages that escape the attention of less experienced reviewers, and above all, hasty and bitey tagging for maintenance. User warnings are available here but very often a friendly custom message works best.

If you have any questions about this user right, don't hesitate to join us at WT:NPR. (Sent to all admins) .MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:48, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

Waterfountain listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Waterfountain. Since you had some involvement with the Waterfountain redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. – Davey 2010 Talk 17:27, 2 December 2016 (UTC)

Administrators' newsletter - February 2017
News and updates for administrators from the past month (January 2017). This first issue is being sent out to all administrators, if you wish to keep receiving it please subscribe. Your feedback is welcomed.

Administrator changes
 * Gnome-colors-list-add.svg NinjaRobotPirate • Schwede66 • K6ka • Ealdgyth • Ferret • Cyberpower678 • Mz7 • Primefac • Dodger67
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg Briangotts • JeremyA • BU Rob13

Guideline and policy news
 * A discussion to workshop proposals to amend the administrator inactivity policy at Wikipedia talk:Administrators has been in process since late December 2016.
 * Pending changes/Request for Comment 2016 closed with no consensus for implementing Pending changes level 2 with new criteria for use.
 * Following an RfC, an activity requirement is now in place for bots and bot operators.

Technical news
 * When performing some administrative actions the reason field briefly gave suggestions as text was typed. This change has since been reverted so that issues with the implementation can be addressed. (T34950)
 * Following the latest RfC concluding that Pending Changes 2 should not be used on the English Wikipedia, an RfC closed with consensus to remove the options for using it from the page protection interface, a change which has now been made. (T156448)
 * The Foundation has announced a new community health initiative to combat harassment. This should bring numerous improvements to tools for admins and CheckUsers in 2017.

Arbitration
 * The Arbitration Committee released a response to the Wikimedia Foundation's statement on paid editing and outing.

Obituaries
 * JohnCD (John Cameron Deas) passed away on 30 December 2016. John began editing Wikipedia seriously during 2007 and became an administrator in November 2009.

Discuss this newsletter • Subscribe • Archive

13:38, 1 February 2017 (UTC)

WikiProject Apple Inc.
Hello ,

You've been identified either as a previous member of the project, an active editor on Apple related pages, a bearer of Apple related userboxes, or just a hoopy frood.

WikiProject Apple Inc. has unexpectedly quit, because an error type "unknown" occured. Editors must restart it! If you are interested, read the project page and sign up as a member. There's something for everyone to do, such as welcoming, sourcing, writing, copy editing, gnoming, proofreading, or feedback — but no pressure. Do what you do, but let's coordinate and stay in touch.

See the full welcome message on the talk page, or join the new IRC channel on irc.freenode.net named. Please join, speak, and idle, and someone will read and reply.

Please spread the word, and join or unsubscribe at the subscription page.
 * RhinosF1(chat) (status)(contribs) and Smuckola on behalf of WikiProject Apple Inc. - Delivered 15:00, 18 March 2019 (UTC)

ArbCom 2019 special circular

This message was sent to all administrators following a recent motion. Thank you for your attention. For the Arbitration Committee, Cameron11598 02:26, 4 May 2019 (UTC)

Administrator account security (Correction to Arbcom 2019 special circular)
ArbCom would like to apologise and correct our previous mass message in light of the response from the community.

Since November 2018, six administrator accounts have been compromised and temporarily desysopped. In an effort to help improve account security, our intention was to remind administrators of existing policies on account security — that they are required to "have strong passwords and follow appropriate personal security practices." We have updated our procedures to ensure that we enforce these policies more strictly in the future. The policies themselves have not changed. In particular, two-factor authentication remains an optional means of adding extra security to your account. The choice not to enable 2FA will not be considered when deciding to restore sysop privileges to administrator accounts that were compromised.

We are sorry for the wording of our previous message, which did not accurately convey this, and deeply regret the tone in which it was delivered.

For the Arbitration Committee, -Cameron11598 21:04, 4 May 2019 (UTC)

Pending suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Established policy provides for removal of the administrative permissions of users who have not made any edits or logged actions in the preceding twelve months. Because you have been inactive, your administrative permissions will be removed if you do not return to activity within the next month.

Inactive administrators are encouraged to rejoin the project in earnest rather than to make token edits to avoid loss of administrative permissions. Resources and support for reengaging with the project are available at WikiProject Editor Retention/administrators. If you do not intend to rejoin the project in the foreseeable future, please consider voluntarily resigning your administrative permissions by making a request at the bureaucrats' noticeboard.

Thank you for your past contributions to the project. — JJMC89 bot 00:05, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for June 7
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Police bicycle, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Haro ([//dispenser.info.tm/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dablinks.py/Police_bicycle check to confirm] | [//dispenser.info.tm/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dab_solver.py/Police_bicycle?client=notify fix with Dab solver]). Such links are usually incorrect, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of unrelated topics with similar titles. (Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.)

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 07:23, 7 June 2020 (UTC)

Administrators will no longer be autopatrolled
A recently closed Request for Comment (RFC) reached consensus to remove Autopatrolled from the administrator user group. You may, similarly as with Edit Filter Manager, choose to self-assign this permission to yourself. This will be implemented the week of December 13th, but if you wish to self-assign you may do so now. To find out when the change has gone live or if you have any questions please visit the Administrator's Noticeboard. 20:07, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

How we will see unregistered users
Hi!

You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki.

When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed.

Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin will still be able to access the IP. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on better tools to help.

If you have not seen it before, you can read more on Meta. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can subscribe to the weekly technical newsletter.

We have two suggested ways this identity could work. We would appreciate your feedback on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can let us know on the talk page. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January.

Thank you. /Johan (WMF)

18:13, 4 January 2022 (UTC)

Pending suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Established policy provides for removal of the administrative permissions of users who have not made any edits or logged actions in the preceding twelve months. Because you have been inactive, your administrative permissions will be removed if you do not return to activity within the next month.

Inactive administrators are encouraged to rejoin the project in earnest rather than to make token edits to avoid loss of administrative permissions. Resources and support for reengaging with the project are available at WikiProject Editor Retention/administrators. If you do not intend to rejoin the project in the foreseeable future, please consider voluntarily resigning your administrative permissions by making a request at the bureaucrats' noticeboard.

Thank you for your past contributions to the project. — JJMC89 bot 00:07, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

New administrator activity requirement
22:53, 15 April 2022 (UTC)

Imminent suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Established policy provides for removal of the administrative permissions of users who have not made any edits or logged actions in the preceding twelve months. Because you have been inactive, your administrative permissions will be removed if you do not return to activity within the next several days.

Inactive administrators are encouraged to rejoin the project in earnest rather than to make token edits to avoid loss of administrative permissions. Resources and support for reengaging with the project are available at WikiProject Editor Retention/administrators. If you do not intend to rejoin the project in the foreseeable future, please consider voluntarily resigning your administrative permissions by making a request at the bureaucrats' noticeboard.

Thank you for your past contributions to the project. — JJMC89 bot 00:02, 24 April 2022 (UTC)

Suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Established policy provides for removal of the administrative permissions of users who have not made any edits or logged actions in the preceding twelve months. Because you have been inactive, your administrative permissions have been removed.

Subject to certain time limits and other restrictions, your administrative permissions may be returned upon request at WP:BN.

Thank you for your past contributions to the project. — xaosflux  Talk 00:24, 1 May 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:WAvegetarian


text:
Roger Courtney

Roger James Allen Courtney MC (1902 – 15 February 1946) (His brother gives his date of death as 14 February 1949), known as Jumbo, was a British soldier who established the Special Boat Sections which saw action in World War II. These would eventually lead to the formation of the UK Special Boat Service.

Courtney was a bank clerk in Leeds, England, before he became a professional white hunter and gold prospector in East Africa. Upon his return to England he wrote an account of his experiences, a book entitled Claws of Africa, Experiences of a Professional Big-game Hunter (published in 1934 by George G. Harrap & Co.) He was also a sergeant in the Palestinian Police Force.

When World War II began, he travelled from Africa (where he was big-game hunting) to England to join the Army as a "commando folding kayaker". When his ideas were rebuffed, he joined the King's Royal Rifle Corps as a Rifleman. Soon promoted to corporal, he was commissioned in November 1939.

Courtney became an Army Commando recruit in mid-1940, and was sent to the Combined Training Centre in Scotland. He was unsuccessful in his initial attempts to convince Admiral of the Fleet Roger Keyes and later Admiral Theodore Hallett, commander of the Combined Training Centre, that his idea of a folding kayak brigade would be effective. He decided to infiltrate HMS Glengyle, a Landing Ship, Infantry anchored in the River Clyde. Courtney paddled (with his kayak) to the ship, climbed aboard undetected, wrote his initials on the door to the captain's cabin, and stole a deck gun cover. He presented the soaking cover to a group of high-ranking Royal Navy officers meeting at a nearby hotel in Inveraray, Scotland. He was promoted to captain, and given command of twelve men, the first Special Boat Section.

Courtney's brother Gruff (G.B. Courtney) later commanded a second section of the SBS. The units carried out several raids during the early years of the war, especially in the Mediterranean, which validated Courtney's idea of mounting small-scale attacks from the sea. Gruff himself took part in Operation Flagpole (World War II). However, heavy losses led to its personnel being amalgamated in 1943 into the new Special Boat Squadron, led by George Jellicoe. Roger Courtney lost his command, became a locust control officer and died of pneumonia in Hargeisa, Somaliland aged 46.

title: Roger Courtney


text:
Social contact

Social contact can refer to:
 * In the sociological hierarchy leading up to social relations, an incidental social interaction between individuals
 * In social networks, a node (representing an individual or organization) to which another node is socially

title: Social contact