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Talk:Hay fever

Merged with rhinitis (talk page).

Loratadine / Cetirizine
Someone else wrote: Page describes loratadine high class 'Bold text'as a "short-acting" anti-histamine (and contrasts it with fexofenadine), but the loratadine page itself says it has a "long-lasting effect." Which is it?

 * I'm no medical expert but I too have doubts about what is written in this article. Loratadine is a one per day medication and is marketed as being non-drowsy. Cetirizine on the other hand cautions that it may cause drowsiness. I'm just going by what I read on the box. The article though gives the impression loratadine is more likely to cause drowsiness that Cetirizine, which is obviously not the case. Can a medical/pharmaceutical expert clarify this article? Suitsyou 09:19, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Nasal Sprays
I removed the "prescription" part, since that is not true everywhere - here in the UK these sprays are over the counter medicines. I've also added another one (Beclomethasone Dipropionate BP which is markerted as Beconase) and added that fluticasone is also marketed as Flixonase 10:07, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * We should unlink the brand names. They just redirect to the fluticasone etc. pages. JFW | T@lk  21:47, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

"Kafunsho" 花粉症　pollinosis in Japan
It is "common knowledge" among Japanese people that pollinosis only occurs in Japan. Why is this so commonly thought to be true?

 * Now that is a very interesting question which, to my knowledge, can only be tenuously answered. The Japanese seem given over to a variety of odd beliefs regarding their uniqueness; I have run across claims that the Japanese process language in their right hemisphere, instead of their left, and that the Japanese government refuses to allow drugs into circulation unless they have been specifically tested on Japanese subjects (that is, medical results from Chinese, American, or any other non-Japanese subjects are ignored). I don't know whether any of this is true, but it seems to corroborate your own claims of their general attitude toward pollinosis.

 * But all of that need not be blamed entirely on Japanese ethnocentrism. In many ways, Japan is unique, or at least unusual; the results of value surveys published by Hofstede find that Japan is the most "Masculine," work-oriented society in the world, while psychometric surveys published by Allik find Japan at the extreme end of a cluster of trais related to anxiety; the high anxiety of Japan in corroborated by Richard Lynn's research. Additionally, IQ studies published by Richard Lynn show that Japan has one of the highest IQs in the world, and other unrelated studies discussed by Jensen show allergies and asthma as modest correlates of intelligence. Perhaps the Japanese claim to be uniquely susceptible to pollinosis because they are inuitively aware of this relationship? If so, there is no research demonstrating that! Harkenbane 00:53, 15 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't know anything about Japan, but isn't one aspect of the culture oriented around cleanliness? Maybe that could relate to the 'hygene hypothesis' for allergies. Peoplesunionpro 02:14, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

Hay fever in humid conditions
If hay fever is, as the article says, more prevalent during when it’s hot, dry, and windy, then why is it that I only get it during cold, humid, rainy days, when pollen and dust aren’t supposed to be floating around in the air? Does this have something to do with me living in the tropics? Right now it’s the rainy season, and it’s usually this time of the year when I—and lots of other people—get hay fever.
 * Are you sure you have hay fever and not some kind of mold allergy? 128.135.192.75 16:45, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

Worldwide distribution
Is this prevalent in all countries around the world? I am curious because, I'm from South Asia, and don't recall people sufferring from Hay fever back there, as much as they do in the US. So, what's the reason? --Ragib 00:30, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't know. Check out Peoplesunionpro 02:11, 22 October 2006 (UTC)
 * might have something to do with the fact that south east asia lies on the equator, and thus the flora/ grasses haven't evolved to pollinate during any particular season, and that the pollen levels will be more or less constant through out the year, rather than occurring in a short burst at the onset of spring--WuIzMe (talk) 07:57, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Request external link allergymatters.com
We are an allergy company that provides an allergy learning centre, allergy product ratings and reviews. Our site is recommended by top practitioners in the field. We would like to know whether our site (allergymatters.com)is qualified. so that more allergy sufferers can benefit from this valuable resource. SOrry if we put our message in the wrong place. Thank you very much217.36.223.45 10:15, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the polite request on this and other pages (thus following WP:SPAM guideline re not directly inserting external links to website one is directly involved with), but no not appropriate. Wikipedia is not a directories listings and a commericial site is therefore not an appropriate external link (see WP:EL for policy). As your site introduces itself "Allergymatters is a unique One Stop Allergy Shop selling...". Please do stay though and improve our articles (if you sign up, it will be easier to direct you to relevant help & policy pages). Yours David Ruben Talk 13:24, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Various dubious statements
I have removed or toned-down various bold statements of doubtful accuracy. It's possible some of these have been added by commercial interests, as the claims seem out-of-place, although I have no evidence of this. Any of these statements can be re-added, if they are rewritten to conform to NPOV and have a proper citation.

"A very small amount of Vicks VapoRub(TM)cream around the eyes will effectively reduce the itching (however: vapors will cause a cold sensation and watery eyes)": This is not a preventative. It also needs a citation. This sort of claim may not even be appropriate for this article, even if true. This be removed - this is a request to the person who inserted it. If a child wipes their eyes, the effects will be unpleasant. If the producer of Vicks cites this as a use then let it remain but cite the documentation...

"Grazax treats the underlying cause of hay fever as well as reducing the symptoms.": This may well be true, but statements such as these are not acceptable unless they are specific and cited. Presently, this item reads somewhat like an advertisement. I've toned done the Grazax section.

"It may be helpful to humidify the room you are in to help clean the allergens out of the air, perhaps by using a humidifier, leaving a bowl of water around or leaving a wet towel in the room.": Any such notion of cleaning allergens from the air by raising humidity is dubious, and needs to have significant support if its going to appear here.

"It has been established in controlled trials[1] that acupuncture is more effective than antihistamine drugs in treatment of hay fever. Acupuncture's lack of side-effects is a distinct advantage in treating this condition. Despite all the clinical evidence, some physicians seem to be in denial and suggest that these claims lack a scientific basis and warn that the efficacy of such treatments is only supported by anecdotal evidence.":  This is obviously garbage. Nothing of this sort should be allowed in the article by anyone until it is properly qualified. That is, it needs to be made clear that evidence-based medicine has completely and unanimously rejected acupuncture a long time ago.

If acupuncture (or any of the various other non-evidence-based remedies) are to have a place in this article, it is in a separate section that catalogs all of the various non-evidence-based remedies, with a statement that the reason they are there is that noone outside of a group of 'beleivers' is able to replicate these results. In no case should any statement be allowed to return that asserts that physicians or scientists are 'in denial.' AaronWL 16:19, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Acupuncture/alternative therapies
quote from article: "It has been established in controlled trials[4] that acupuncture is no more effective than antihistamine drugs in treatment of hay fever" - in other words, then: acupuncture is no less effective than antihistamine drugs in treatment of hay fever, surely. Add to that, from same article, "drowsiness and other side effects of antihistamine drugs", and the question arises why the article implies that using acupuncture in treatment of hay fever is not recommended as a valid therapy. If effectiveness is comparable, but acupuncture has no side effects... I don't understand. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.134.37.187 (talk • contribs) 22:13, 24 April 2007
 * Article cites one report, for which unfortunately no online link given that we might explore its conclusions in detail. "no more effective" does not necessarily mean "no less effective" - if a method had zero effect, then indeed it would be "no more effective" and also true that less effective - without seeing original paper we can't be sure of precise values/interpretation. Other papers found on search of PubMed include PMID 15154290 which concludes "No differences in clinical symptoms were seen between active versus sham acupuncture", PMID 15291903 found variable results depending on the assessment tool used and that "No differences between the two groups could be detected with the Allergic Rhinitis Symptom Questionnaire".David Ruben Talk 22:05, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Dietary Treatment
Consider the following page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirulina_(dietary_supplement) Note that at the very bottom there is a mention of its use to prevent hayfever. There is a reference as well for the claim.

I can provide journal article(s) that show activity for hyperactive genes can be altered by dietary intake. I add this only to point out that dietary effects are not to be ruled out by... zealous individuals. The mechanism for spirulina preventing hayfever may not be known, but it may be a phenotopic effect due to gene expression suppression or activation.

A section for dietary considerations should be added.

On a different point, pollen _can_ be removed indoors, not by humidifying (which may work for some types of pollen, causing aggregation... but this is doubtful except at higher concentrations), but instead by acquiring a small machine which produces ozone. It should be mentioned as well that ozone is only beneficial very high in the atmosphere and is a toxin that we should not breathe. It is important to have the ozone generator adjusted properly. (Fresh scent is good, electric storm scent is bad) 64.114.135.26 00:28, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Don't you mean an ioniser? Ionisers aim to produce charged molecules, which may stick to pollen and cause precipitation on surfaces. Ionised air may have other direct effects on the body too, but ozone is dangerous and damages the lungs, a hazard from photocopiers that must be avoided. --86.135.182.210 21:22, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Monstrous review
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x - this is, to speak with the late Saddam Hussein, "the mother of all reviews" into hay fever and its impact on asthma. In print it is 153 pages, and it has 2241 references. I'm sure it could be used as a background reference on this article... JFW | T@lk  15:51, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Preventing exposure
"Avoid bicycling or walking - instead use a method of confined transportation such as a car."

Is this really such a good recommendation? Although traveling inside a car will certainly reduce exposure to pollen, the physical exercise lost by avoiding bicycling and walking seems a lot more detrimental than exposure to pollen for all but the worst sufferers. This sort of advice might lead even mild sufferers to find an "excuse" to avoid exercise, when a simple antihistamine would suffice.

Halon8 (talk) 22:38, 21 May 2008 (UTC) I'm concerned about the lack of evidence supporting this statement - unless you're driving through open fields, is the pollen count really that different since pollen will enter your car anyway? I dont think this reflects conventional advice. Also it's important to note that travelling in cars actually exposes people to worse air pollution than cycling or walking, thus making any respiritory difficulties worse e.g.evidence and contradicting the earlier statement saying avoid air pollution. I'm going to attempt to rephrase the line.

I have removed the line about antihistamines under prevention. These are a form of treating the allergy as described in the following section. I have also reordered/rationalised this section and tried to make it less of a 'how to', though not sure this will be sufficient. Halon8 (talk) 16:50, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

Definition
The current definition:

 * Allergic rhinitis, known as hay fever, is caused by pollens of specific seasonal plants, airborne chemicals and dust particles in people who are allergic to these substances. It

I wonder whether the cause by pollens is a condition necessary for the medical condition to qualify as allergic rhinitis. I would suppose that any allergen-caused reaction resembling common cold would qualify. --Dan Polansky (talk) 11:05, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

There is no known cure for hay fever.
Most people including those who claim to be experts, know next to nothing about hay fever. There is no known cure and there is absolutely nothing available which can alleviate it. Furthermore, nasal sprays do not alleviate hay fever. In fact they greatly aggravate it. The only remedy is to avoid the pollen altogether by staying indoors with doors and windows tightly closed and to travel in an air conditioned car with the windows closed, or better still, go and live in another part of the world. Apgeraint (talk) 21:14, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

Opening section's time of year comment
I'm not sure of the usual policy on these things... But I find it odd that the time of year for the northern hemisphere is mentioned, but not the southern. That just stinks of the old "USA is the world" logic of many US born citizens (though in this case it may not have been a US citizen who did it). I don't know the normal time of year for southern hemisphere hayfever (I just get releived when it goes away), so I can't add it, but if someone does.... Supertin (talk) 23:59, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

Yea was gunna say the same thing...It's a bit 'world series' dont you think? It's really not appropriate to phrase it like that. Should just be during summer or whatever —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.219.243.224 (talk) 11:23, 15 October 2008 (UTC)

Merge
Even though this is the superior article, it should probably be moved/merged into rhinitis, since that's the more general subject and most of the information there is duplicated here. LSD (talk) 03:53, 14 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I've moved the bulk of this article to the newly expanded rhinitis page. All that's left out is the medications section, since the information was already present. LSD (talk) 23:25, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

 * My first reaction is that the non-allergic material should be expanded and that there is room for a whole family of articles. But I'll abstain because I don't know enough about the medicine to say how awkward it would be to divide things up by cause in that way. Kingdon (talk) 17:30, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
 * The non-allergic stuff should definitely be expanded, but allergic rhinitis is about more than hay fever, and belongs on the general rhinitis page. Plus, there's no point duplicating the treatment information (since all of the treatment for allergic rhinitis, save allergy meds, are the same as for every other form).LSD (talk) 23:26, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hay fever


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Wightlink Raiders

The Wightlink Raiders was an ice hockey team based in Ryde on the Isle of Wight, England. The team were known for their small ice rink, Ryde Arena, which prevented them competing at a higher level. In 2016, following the closure of the rink by AEW UK, the building's landlord over a rent dispute with the community group which ran the ice rink , the team withdrew from the league and competitive play.

History
Originally called the Solent Vikings, the team changed to their current name a year later. Although they were known as the Isle of Wight Raiders between 1999 and 2003 when Wightlink withdrew sponsorship, before the company re-joined the club in 2004. They are still the only club to be formally known with their sponsor in their name. Due to the club's location on the Isle of Wight, the team struggled to survive without Wightlink's support.

In the 1990s, they dominated the English National League (now called the English Premier League), winning the league a record five straight years, including winning the league's cup competition during that time as well.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wightlink Raiders


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Man Tool

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 22:03, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Man Tool
This seems like vanadalism, it's unverifiable by googling "man tool" and "drum wrench" together, "man tool" alone has obviously non-drum-wrench related definitions  Robojames 16:02, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - wouldn't be surprised if this is a "bet-I-can-sneak-something-into-wikipedia" bet. - DavidWBrooks 18:17, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: An article on manual tools? (Kidding.)  Sneakery. Unverifiable and almost certainly a Beavis-ism.  Geogre 18:58, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Drum wrench if slang can be verified.  I don't think this is vandalism.  The contributor here also created Drum wrench which is, in fact, a real tool.  I'm assuming good faith on this one. Tobycat 00:23, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * change to Delete per discussion by Fartabus.Tobycat 18:25, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 05:21, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment this was created by the same Anom user (I just checked) as posted Drum wrench which I nominated for Vfd based in part, on use of this term. Another euphemism with the same meaning would be third leg (and gals don't have one). Since that article is being kept, based on the voting, merging it makes no sense as it's already in that article. Redirecting it makes no sense either, unless you make it an disambigulation page pointing to other dirty euphemisms. If it's no longer in the Drum wrench arty, it takes away about half the content therein. So all a WOT to me. Seems to me, we'd have been better off keeping that exhaustive list of dirty euphemisms that was Vfd a couple weeks back. Then could just redirect and be done with these silly entries.[User:Fabartus|[  User:fabartus || TalktoMe]]
 * Delete — just to be consistent!   [[User:fabartus || TalktoMe]] 03:47, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This term may be applied, as an insider joke, to many different tools. Craftsmen have many funny names for their gear. If some of them are verifiable, they may be collected into a Craftsman slang article, similar to the Military slang one. mikka (t) 16:18, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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John Storey (politician)

John Storey (15 May 1869 – 5 October 1921) was an Australian politician who was Premier of New South Wales from 12 April 1920 until his sudden death in Sydney. His leadership enabled the New South Wales Labor Party to recover after the split over conscription and to allow it to continue to be a left-wing pragmatist rather than a socialist party.

Early life
Storey was born at or near Huskisson, New South Wales, Australia to English immigrant parents, William John, a shipbuilder, and Elizabeth Graham. His family moved to Balmain when he was six, but his father died soon afterwards. He was educated at Darling Road Superior Public School and at night school. At fourteen he was apprenticed to boilermaking with Perdriau and West and then worked at Mort's Dock. He helped found the Balmain Cricket Club in 1897 and was a leading all-rounder for its top grade team. He was a member of the United Society of Boilermakers and Iron Ship Builders of New South Wales. In 1908 Storey was a founder of the Balmain District Rugby League Football Club.

Elected to Parliament
Storey joined the Labor Electoral League, the precursor of the Labor Party, on its foundation in 1891, and was elected to represent Balmain North in the Legislative Assembly in 1901. Although he was an effective parliamentarian, he was beaten for election to the recreated seat of Balmain by Walter Anderson in 1904, but defeated Anderson in 1907. The McGowen Labor government came to power in 1910, but Storey did not nominate for election to Cabinet.

In 1916, the non-parliamentary party attempted to discipline Premier William Holman, and elected a Cabinet headed by Storey on 27 April. The party reversed that decision on 4 May and Storey handed back power to Holman, although legally there had never been any transfer of power. However, the split in the party widened further with the dispute over conscription and, in November, Holman, along with Prime Minister Billy Hughes, were expelled from the party. The remnants of the Labor Party were then in opposition to Holman's Nationalist Government, but Storey refused to become party leader and Ernest Durack was elected to that position. Durack resigned unexpectedly in February 1917 and Storey had no choice but to accept the leadership. His good public speaking and amiability helped to reduce the scale of Labor's defeat in the 1917 election. He worked hard in 1918 and 1919 to prevent socialists taking over the party and his policy speech for the 1920 election promised child endowment and suburban rail electrification rather than socialism.

Premier
Labor won the 1920 election with a majority of one and Storey became Premier. His thin majority, combined with a substantial minority in Legislative Council (made up of life appointees) and attacks of nephritis made his job hard. His private secretary at this time was V. Gordon Childe, later internationally famous in the field of archaeology, who wrote the book How Labor Governs, based on his experience as Storey's secretary. In June 1920, he appointed Judge Norman Ewing to carry out a royal commission in to the imprisonment of twelve IWW members in 1916 for treason, arson, sedition and forgery. On Ewing's recommendation, ten were released in August. In early 1921, he prorogued Parliament to prevent his Government being overthrown during a six months absence to visit financiers and a Harley Street doctor in London. Despite the warnings of his doctor, he undertook heavy work in London and on his return to Sydney in July.

Death
He was admitted to hospital and died at Clermont Private Hospital, Darlinghurst and was survived by his wife, three sons and two of his three daughters. His funeral service was held at St. Andrew's Cathedral on 7 October 1921, and he was buried at the Field of Mars Cemetery in Ryde the same day.

In 1926, Premier Jack Lang opened the John Storey Memorial Dispensary in Little Regent Street, Chippendale, New South Wales. It served as a practical memorial to John Storey and still functions as a pathology clinic.

title: John Storey (politician)


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Hold (baseball)

A hold (abbreviated HLD, H or HD) is awarded to a relief pitcher who meets the following three conditions:

 * 1) Enters the game in a save situation; that is, when all of the following three conditions apply:
 * 2) He appears in relief (i.e., is not the starting pitcher) when his team is leading; and
 * 3) He is not the winning pitcher; and
 * 4) He qualifies under one of the following conditions:
 * 5) He enters the game with a lead of no more than three runs and maintains that lead for at least one inning
 * 6) He enters the game with the potential tying run either on base, or at bat, or on deck
 * 7) He pitches for at least three innings;
 * 8) Records at least one out;
 * 9) Leaves the game before it has ended without his team having relinquished the lead at any point and does not record a save.

The hold is not an official Major League Baseball statistic.

Description
Unlike saves, wins, and losses, more than one pitcher per team can earn a hold for a game, though it is not possible for a pitcher to receive more than one hold in a given game. A pitcher can receive a hold by protecting a lead even if that lead is lost by a later pitcher after his exit.

The hold was invented in 1986 by John Dewan and Mike O'Donnell to give a statistical measure of the effectiveness of the vast majority of relief pitchers who are afforded few opportunities to close a game. While middle relievers earn their share, holds are most often credited to setup pitchers.

In 1994, PA SportsTicker created an alternate definition for a hold, removing the requirement that a pitcher needs to make an out in order to record a hold. In 2009, STATS LLC purchased PA SportsTicker, and the alternate definition is no longer in use.

While holds are not an official MLB statistic, they are increasingly visible in many box scores, including espn.com and MLB.com. Many fantasy baseball providers also include holds as an optional category that can be included in customized leagues.

Career leaders
The career leaders are listed based on total holds according to MLB.com, which only records the statistic from 1999 onwards.

 * Stats updated through March 29, 2024.

Baseball statistics sites such as Baseball-Reference.com and The Baseball Cube credit holds to players in games played before 1999 based on the record of the game situation when the pitcher entered and left the game. However, the hold totals do not always agree from site to site, or with MLB.com from 1999 onward.

The following players who began their Major League careers before 1999 would be among the career leaders if MLB had recorded the statistic in games before the 1999 season. They are listed here with hold totals as calculated by Baseball-Reference.com.

** as calculated by Baseball-reference.com to include years before 1999.

Single season record
The single-season MLB record for holds is 41, established by Joel Peralta in 2013 pitching for the Tampa Bay Rays and equaled by Tony Watson in 2015 pitching for the Pittsburgh Pirates. Peralta surpassed the previous record of 40 holds set by Luke Gregerson in 2010 with the San Diego Padres.

title: Hold (baseball)


text: User talk:81.77.245.200

title: User talk:81.77.245.200


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Flame shoulder

The flame shoulder (Ochropleura plecta) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1761. It is distributed throughout the Palearctic from Ireland in the west to Siberia then Korea and Japan in the east.

The forewings of this species are reddish brown with a black streak interrupted by white stigmata and a creamy-yellow streak along the costa which gives the species its common name. The hindwings are pure white.

Technical description and variation
The wingspan is 28–34 mm. Forewing red brown suffused with purple; costal streak broadly cream colour to outer line, sometimes red speckled; cell and a basal streak below median vein blackish or deep red; orbicular and reniform stigmata with bright pale rings and grey centres, the latter followed by a small black blotch; lines rarely visible; hindwing whitish; patagia red-brown; dorsum greyish fuscous, sometimes with basal half cream coloured, sometimes wholly cream coloured. The ab. unimacula Stgr. [now ssp.] from Spain has the orbicular stigma obsolete; — in ab. anderssoni Lampa from Scandinavia the forewing is blackish purple; in ab. glaucimacula Graes. from Amurland the stigmata are smaller, as in leucogaster Frr. [now full species] and pearl grey in colour; the outer line of forewing well marked and indicated on hindwing also by vein-dots; patagia black brown; — ab. ignota uncertainly ranked by Swinh., described in the first instance from Sri Lanka, has the cell red like the rest of wing; European examples of this form are generally entirety pale red, with the costal streak red-speckled and usually females.

Biology
Two broods are produced each year with adults flying from April to June and again in August and September. It flies at night and is attracted to light and sugar and also to the flowers of ragwort.

The caterpillar is brownish. Ventral area yellowish. There are fine dark line found on dorsal area. Stigmata black in color.

The larva, grey with a yellow stripe along each side, feeds on a range of plants (see list below). This species overwinters as a pupa.

Recorded food plants
See Robinson, G. S et al.
 * Arachis – peanut
 * Aster
 * Beta – beet
 * Galium – bedstraw
 * Plantago – plantain
 * Rumex – docks and sorrel
 * Salix – willow
 * Senecio – groundsel
 * Trifolium – clover

Subspecies

 * O. p. plecta – Europe except Iberian Peninsula
 * O. p. unimacula – Iberian Peninsula

title: Flame shoulder


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Vocal weight

Vocal weight refers to the perceived "lightness" or "heaviness" of a singing voice. This quality of the voice is one of the major determining factors in voice classification within classical music. Lighter voices are often associated with the term "lyric" and are usually brighter and more agile; heavier voices are often associated with the term "dramatic" and are usually powerful, rich, and darker. Other voice types like the spinto have a more medium vocal weight. Vocal weight can also affect overall vocal agility; heavier voices often have more difficulty maneuvering through florid coloratura passages than their lighter counterparts, as their weight and power compromises agility. Likewise, dramatic roles are often written with larger orchestras in mind as dramatic voices can carry more easily over larger ensembles.

title: Vocal weight


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jukka Marttinen

Some Finnish Wikipedians keep trying to insert John Morton (politician) as being Finnish in the Finnish Americans article, although the links at the bottom of that article's page say he was Swedish and mention no Finnish alias. These links are from trusty and generic websites. This article page was created for the sole purpose of a redirect, whilst it is unlikely that any article should ever link here except possibly by contrivance on the part of the author. Also, the person in question who created the article I propose for deletion has been in hurried speeches of dubious authenticity and constant attacks(ie, short bursts of fast edits on Talk:Whites against NPOV about the category of Finns) ScapegoatVandal 16:07, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)


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L'île de Tulipatan

L'île de Tulipatan (The Island of Tulipatan) is an opéra bouffe (a form of operetta), in one act by Jacques Offenbach to an original French libretto by Henri Chivot and Alfred Duru.

It was first performed at the Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens, Paris, on 30 September 1868. It was revived by the Compagnie Les Brigands at the Théâtre de l'Athénée as part of a double-bill with Croquefer in December 2012.

Synopsis
Octogène Romboïdal is the great steward of the supreme ruler of Tulipatan, Cacatois XXII. Romboïdal blames his wife Théodorine for their daughter Hermosa’s continual boyish behaviour. Hermosa enters firing off a rifle, and her father reproaches her for her neglect of needlework and the piano, but the tomboy is defended by her mother. Romboïdal mentions how gentle and gracious the prince Alexis, son of Cacatois, is; Hermosa finds him charming and very pretty.

Next Cacatois and his suite enter to visit Romboïdal, followed by Alexis and his pages, the boy grieving for the loss of his pet hummingbird, for which he is mocked by his father. As soon as the parents have left, Hermosa and Alexis burst into a joyful song of their affection and Hermosa instructs the boy in how to declare love to her, but they are surprised by the return of Théodorine and Romboïdal just as Alexis says he will only marry Hermosa. Alexis demands that Romboïdal go with him to Cacatois to ask his consent.

Now Théodorine confesses to her daughter that she is a son – an interminable war at her birth made her mother fearful for her doing military service and she therefore registered Hermosa as a girl. She worries how she is going to break the news to her husband whom she has fooled for 18 years.

Romboïdal returns, sends his wife on an errand then tells his daughter that Duke Cacatois was so determined to have a male heir after three daughters that his wife and Romboïdal telegraphed the ruler at war to say that he now had a son – and for 18 years Cacatois has thought he has a boy. Hermosa goes off, dancing, to the surprise of Romboïdal, who is more astonished when Alexis, who has overheard some of this conversation, comes on in a dress.

Hermosa now re-enters dressed as a dashing guards officer. After a barcarolle Cacatois demands that Romboïdal and Théodorine consent for their daughter to wed his son Alexis. The confused couple eventually reveal their deception to their ruler, as the marriage procession enters. Cacatois simply declares that he will remarry and try again for a son.

Musical numbers

 * Ouverture
 * No. 1 – Couplets d'Hermosa – "Vive le tintamarre!"
 * No. 2A – Chorus – "Vive le grand Cacatois!"
 * No. 2B – Couplets du Canard – "Prince doux et fort débonnaire"
 * No. 2C – Couplets du Colibri – "J'ai perdu mon ami"
 * No. 3 – Duetto – Hermosa and Alexis – "J'aime tout ce qui sonne"
 * No. 4 – Couplets – Duetto – Hermosa and Alexis – "Si, comme vous, j'étais un homme"
 * No. 5 – Air de Théodorine – "Je vais chercher les petites cuillers"
 * No. 6 – Duo – Hermosa and Romboïdal – "Tu connais ce secret terrible"
 * No. 7 – Duettino – Hermosa and Alexis – "Quoi c'est vous! Oui, c'est moi"
 * No. 8 – Barcarolle – Bouffe – Théodorine, Romboïdal, Cacatois and Chorus – "Dans Venezia la belle"
 * No. 8b – Marche Nuptiale
 * No. 9 – Couplet Final – "A la fin de la pièce"

Recordings

 * Orchestre Lyrique de l'O.R.T.F. (Paris) conducted by Marcel Cariven in 1958 (from radio broadcast), Lina Dachary (Alexis), Joseph Peyron (Hermosa), Dominique Tirmont (Cacatois XXII), Jacques Pruvost (Romboidal), Denise Benoît (Théodorine)
 * Chorus and Orchester of Hamburg Radio conducted by Paul Burkhard in 1958, with Anneliese Rothenberger (Alexis), Ferry Gruber (Hermosa), Willy Hofmann (Cacatois XXII), Horst Günter (Romboidal), Gisela Litz (Theodorine) - (in German)
 * Orchester der Deutschen Oper am Rhein conducted by Carlos Kleiber in 1962 – Profil Edition Günter Hänssler, with Eva Kasper (Alexis), Alfons Holte (Hermosa), Sanders Schier (Cacatois XXII), Fritz Ollendorff (Romboidal), Anni Körner (Theodorine) – (in German)
 * Les Solistes de Liège conducted by Emanuel Koch in 1984 – TLP Records, Claudine Granger (Alexis), Stéfano Memma (Hermosa), Yerry Mertz (Cacatois XXII), Thierry Migliorini (Romboidal), Marcelle Rieu (Théodorine)
 * Light Opera of New York conducted by Tyson Deaton in 2017 – Albany Records. Claire Kuttler (Alexis), Tom Mulder (Hermosa), Victor Khodadad (Cacatois XXII), Chad Kranak (Romboidal), Heather Jones (Théodorine) (First recording in English – full score with slightly cut version of dialogue.)
 * Excerpts have also appeared on the anthologies 'Offenbach au menu' and 'Entre Nous'.

title: L'île de Tulipatan


text:
Template talk:TV resolution

hi, what do you think, if the template for tv resolution looks like this de:Vorlage:Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (taken from this template: de:Vorlage:Navigationsleiste_mit_Bild)? so the image of the different resolutions is visable has a link to the bigger version, and the link beneath can be deleted)

 * Please fix it to make it look better - I just tried updating it from how I found it. Although, please leave it in english :-). -Mydotnet 04:01, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * hi, it is just an exampple, how I would like to see the template for tv resolution in the English wikipedia. It is not possible to take the template from the German version an putting it into the English article directly. It is just for a comparision of the tags and sourcecodes, nothing more. I would do it myself, but I am a bad coder :D, greets, --Andreas -horn- Hornig 17:33, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Revised
I fixed some errors, particularly 720i, and resolutions being devalued due to low frame rate. It might be better to drop frame rates entirely. 1080i and 1080p don't belong in the same class since there is quite a difference, (even when 1080i signals are deinterlaced.) but I wasn't sure what to call 1080p, so I ended up with "HDTV+". I'd prefer some title connecting it with 35mm film quality. Algr 05:48, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Frame rates & 1080p
Thanks for the formatting fix. (How do you move columns like that?) However you have reintroduced the problem of resolutions being devalued due to low frame rate. An HDTV signal remains HD even if it is showing a still image, (0 hz) so 480p doesn't drop to SDTV simply because it is 24 hz and not 60 hz. Also, there is a huge difference between broadcastable 1080i, and the 1080p you see in the movies. (1080i broadcasts have reduced horizional resolution, obvious compression artifacts, and the losses due to interlace.) So these shouldn't be lumped together into the same category. Algr 16:47, 15 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I guess you want to look into the  and   attributes or at table markup in general.
 * I tried to stay consistent with the linked (and transcluding) articles, e.g. EDTV, which is the loosest defined of the terms, though. Furthermore 480i60, 576i50, 1080i60, 1080i50 in film mode, alias progressive with segmented frames, are no different (except for some compression overhead) than 480p30/p24, 576p25, 1080p30/p24 and 1080p25 respectively, if deinterlaced correctly. Likewise a movie in 720p60 on TV doesn’t look any better than with 720p24, because the source frame rate is just 24 Hz and the rest depends on the display refresh rate. It’s true AFAIK that 1080i is sometimes—maybe even often—broadcasted with only 1440 pixels per line, despite having a 16:9 display aspect ratio, but this also happens with lower vertical resolutions—that’s the one that is much more important to the human eye. Likewise compression artefacts are a matter of source quality and form, bandwidth, compressor and compression method, all of which also applies to lower resolutions in DTV, too. I would expect a digital cinema with a reasonable screen size (and the production side of course) to use much more than 1920 × 1080 pixels—those (upcoming) resolutions are called “2K” and “4K” in the industry AFAIK.
 * The main fault of this template, IMO, is the ugly image it uses (and which I created). Christoph Päper 14:32, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Progressive with segmented frames would still be progressive, not interlaced.
 * that’s the one that is much more important to the human eye. - I'm sure this is wrong. Horizontal and vertical resolution are equally important, and while I've seen this statement on wikipedia before, I've never seen a source for it. Remember that when connected to a standard 480i TV set, both VHS and DVD have the identical vertical resolution - only horizontal resolution improves.  And yet the difference is obvious.  The reason that you don't see any difference between 1440 and 1920 is that few HD sets are really that sharp yet.
 * The standard for projection is 2k, which equals 1080p. There is one near my house and even when cropped for widescreen (810x1920) it is as sharp as any 35mm I have ever seen.  4k is for production only, and is only obviously better when viewed in IMAX.Algr 22:09, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Psf is an interlaced signal that should be displayed progressively. Usually the discussion is about transmission (or storage) formats. (However (in)sane that may be.)
 * The mere fact that despite the aspect ratio horizontal resolution may actually even be lower than the vertical might tell you which one is (considered) more important. The visual acuity of the human eye is similar (~1°) in both directions, though. Anyway, although I’ve take ergonomics classes in the past, I’m by no means an expert in this field.
 * You can’t fairly compare analog and digital images like this—even VCD often looks better than VHS. Christoph Päper 11:59, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
 * It is not a question of what is important, but what is feasible. VHS was limited to 240 lines because doing better in 1974 would have made the deck too expensive to succeed as a consumer device, and TV sets back then couldn't display the extra detail anyway.  The situation now with HDV is exactly the same.  1440 isn't as good as 1920, but it is still an outstanding image that will get people to buy new stuff.Algr 17:55, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Psf is a sort of half-empty vrs half-full distinction.  The image is exposed progressively, and then the data is arranged so that it can be read out in an interlaced order.  I would consider this progressive since it is required that the two fields can be reassembled into a true progressive image without any fancy motion prediction or guesswork.  I understood that PsF was only for formats like DV that weren't originally designed for progressive signals.  I wasn't aware that PsF is broadcast legal - I really don't see the point of doing this instead of normal 24p. Algr 18:15, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Pulled frame rates
I pulled the frame rates from the template. As it was, you'd already have to understand it to figure out what frame rate was going where. And in any case, frame rate is irrelevant to resolution. A 1080p still image is still HDTV. Algr 05:42, 19 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay Crissov, you put it back, but it is still confusing and wrong. Is it really permissible to broadcast 1080/50i in America,  or 60i in Europe? What article depends on this template for frame rate info? Algr 20:38, 19 June 2006 (UTC)
 * ATSC and DVB are both able to handle all these formats. The European (EICTA) HD ready label requires displays to support both, but broadcasters chose 50 Hz. Look at any of the detail articles like 480i, 576i, 720p and 1080i—I think the template fits in nicely, although I'm not that happy with the illustration still. They don't depend on the information on rates, though, but I never said that either. Christoph Päper 12:00, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

I think you are trying to lump too much data into one table and ending up with something that just doesn't work. Now the table includes 576/60p and 480/50p, which no one has ever wanted. (Readers are never going to guess what those semicolons are supposed to mean. )  Frame rates have nothing to do with resolution, they should have their own table. HDTV is inherently complex, so we need to work hard to keep things clear. BTW, what don't you like about the illustration? Algr 15:45, 21 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, the semicolons are just there to save us from two more rows for PAL/NTSC distinction; if you think it would be clearer otherwise, we could do that of course. The table always included the EDTV definitions, although it has differed as to what was considered enhanced (sometimes progressive SDTV, sometimes 720p with less than 50 Hz). This template is—or at least was—intended to be kind of a navigation template, but organised and with an illustrative picture. It’s hard to visualize the different (digital) TV formats, when one wants to incorporate such things as interlaced vs. progressive scan, transmitted vs. displayed resolution and aspect ratio, 4:3 vs. 16:9, analog vs. digital, PAL/SECAM and NTSC, frame/field rates—the current image does a mediocre job at this. 3D diagrams, which would probably be required to cover all these points, can OTOH only communicate things well when one or two formats get one diagram and not all are lumped together into one. [[Image:Television bandwidth 1080i60 diagram-cube 3-axis H-W-T (height-width-frequency).png|thumb|1080i60 (My own [[commons:Image:DTV bandwidth prototype 3-axis (height-width-frequency).svg|try]] isn’t rendered as well yet.)]]
 * The template is crowded, though. Christoph Päper 09:11, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Concerns about the accuracy of the image
Much discussion is taking place here... Image_talk:Resolution_chart.svg

Tvaughan1 20:38, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Revert
Sorry about the reversion, but that version included numbers that do not exist in any real standard. 480p and 576p do not use square pixels, so multiplying by the aspect ratio does not get you the correct horizontal pixel count. The correct pixel count is 720 horizontal for both wide and 4:3 versions of both PAL and NTSC DV. (The US standard DTV permits 640x480 as well, but I don't know if anyone uses it - no videotape standard permits 640x480.) Algr 06:55, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Moved by Algr:

Revert. 852 or 768 horizontal are not part of any standard. (non-square pixels)

 * First of all, 852x480 is the resolution of the 480p EDTV standard with square pixels. Just because DVDs use non-square pixels to achieve 852x480 and claim to be 480p, it doesn't change the EDTV standard (See de facto standard). As for 768, that is one of the PAL standards (the specifics of which I am not as familiar with, so I may have incorrectly assumed square pixels where they were not, in which case that box can be removed or resized). Finally, I don't see why you would do a hard revert to the older, even more incorrect graphic instead of just downloading and editing the new one. Noclip 17:53, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Noclip, your image, unlike mine, claims to be an exact pixel count. But no camera or VTR records exactly 852 or 768 pixels horizontally.  (Only a few plasma displays ever used 856x480, and they are no longer in stores.) 480i or 480p pixels are NEVER square unless it is 640x480, 4:3 aspect ratio.  My image, by comparison, measures resolution in progressive equivalent pixels - In other words, how many progressive pixels would you need to achieve the same detail.  And I have offered three sources that say that a detail loss of about 3:2 for interlace is accurate:, , .  Because of non-square pixels, getting both the pixel count and aspect ratio right at the same time is mathematically imposible. My chart acknowledges this in the text, and chooses to display resolution at the expense of aspect ratio.  Algr 21:41, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

 * You're not understanding what I'm saying. "True" 480p is 852 by 480 pixels square. I don't see you claiming that 1080i is really 1440x1080 because that's the resolution HDV and broadcast HD use with a 1.33 PAR, and saying 480p is 720x480 just because DVDs achieve that resolution with a 1.18 PAR is the exact same thing. Just because the most common implementation is 720x480 with non-square pixels, it doesn't mean 480p is. I changed 1080i to 1920x1080 because no format standard dictates a specific pixel aspect ratio that has to be used, they only dictate the final resolution that is to be achieved, and if 1080i is to be displayed as 1920x1080, then 480p must be displayed as 852x480. You're free to add "DVD" to the DV NTSC box, but that doesn't change the fact that true 480p is 852x480. As for PAL, as I said I'm not very familiar with it and the true pixel count may well be different in which case you are invited to download and edit the image to reflect the correct size.Noclip 23:28, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Noclip - While we are getting somewhere improving the accuracy of this image, Algr may have a point here. I'm not sure where you are getting a resolution of  from.  Although there are a few different digital TV specifications that were created and implemented over the years, the latest and greatest is CCIR-601 (now known as ITU.R BT-601), which has a pixel resolution of 720 x 483.  This is also defined by SMPTE 293M.  Later efforts were made to create a Common Image Format (CIF), which has a 858 pixels per line, and 525 lines per frame.  However 138 pixels are inactive because they occur during the horizontal blanking interval, and 45 lines are inactive because they occur during the vertical blanking interval... meaning that the active picture area has a pixel resolution of 720 x 480.  This appears to be the generally accepted common implementation of 480i.  480p59.94 has twice the data rate of 480i, but it is defined by the same specifications, and it has the same active picture area.  PAL has 576 x 720. (768x568 when square sampling is used... but this appears to be less standard). Tvaughan1 19:22, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

 * 480p is 852x480 (really 853 but nobody likes odd numbers). 480i is 720x480 or 640x480. Noclip 20:40, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Noclip - I have searched all of my resources, and I find nothing that matches your information. Do you have a reference for this?  I can see that 852x480 is a common resolution for television displays... but this is not a signal specification.  Unfortunately, the SMPTE specs aren't freely available... but everything that I have found that refers to CCIR 601 and SMPTE 293M shows that 480i and 480p have 720 x 483 (or 480) active pixels.  They have more pixels per frame, but the rest of the pixels are in the blanking interval.  Please cite a source for your understanding that the native signal resolution of 480p is 852x480.  Tvaughan1 23:06, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Although this document is about using AVC, it refers to the existing standards... . See page 4.  Tvaughan1 23:06, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Isn't VBI (and HBI) something totally irrelevant to digital video? It's pointless to compare analog SDTV to digital HDTV (or vice versa).
 * Digital Video standards incorporate a Vertical Blanking Interval (VBI) and Horizontal Blanking Interval (HBI) for timing purposes. The digital versions of what is commonly known as "NTSC" and "PAL" (which aren't scanning standards, they are color standards) have scanning and timing structures identical to their analog counterparts. Tvaughan1 04:41, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Suggestion for a different representation of resolution
To visualise a comparison of video resolutions, you could for instance use a checkboard pattern with (macroblock-like) segments sized 8 × 8 or 16 × 16 pixels in the stored / transmitted format (like 720 × 576 with 6480 or 1620 fields), which is then stretched (or maybe cropped) to the displayed resolution (like 768 × 576 or 960 × 540). You could use any other image instead of course, but I think a simple square pattern was an adequate choice. Visualising the effects of (de)interlacing isn't easy in a still image (and it is unnecessary for correctly handled film mode of course); any try will never be accurate nor accepted by everyone. What you can try to show are the methods and (side) effects of different variants of deinterlacing. The required bandwidth can be quite well shown with 3D diagrams (width, height, frequency). More or less common (digital) horizontal resolutions accompanying 576 lines vertically (and 50 Hz) are 352, 480, 544, 704, 720, with either 4:3 or 16:9 dispaly aspect ratio, by the way. Someone should list all common TV display resolutions, old and new (e.g. 640 × 480 and 1366 × 768). Christoph Päper 21:44, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

 * So basically you are suggesting putting a grid pattern inside the blocks that show what the pixel aspect ratio is? That sounds like a good idea.  Although with some of the blocks (like PAL) mostly covered by others, it could be tricky to make it clear. Algr 18:09, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I can't picture exactly what you are describing... but a grid / checkerboard pattern could be confusing. In my opinion, the main benefit of higher resolution is that it enables a wider viewing angle, allowing for larger displays.  Standard definition television is best viewed from a distance equal to 6 picture heights.  HDTV is best viewed from a distance of about 3 picture heights.  This means that the screen occupies a wider angle, allowing the viewer to be more immersed in the video program.  It also means that you can purchase a bigger screen without seeing the scan lines, pixels, or other artifacts.  The current resolution chart shows the relative "size" of the different display resolutions, and this is proportional to the viewing angle, and inversely proportional to the viewing distance for a screen with a given height.  As we have been discussing, there are many "other factors" that can effect perceived resolution or picture quality... but these other factors should probably be discussed in separate articles or sections, so as not to confuse the basic point... digital video specifications start with a basic native resolution, and things can only get worse from this point.  In other words, if the signal pixel resolution is 1920 x 1080, you will never get 4K pixel resolution... the best you will get is 1920 x 1080.  Tvaughan1 19:47, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

 * And I'm maintaining that you are focusing on the wrong "Basic point" by focusing exclusively on pixel count. There are now many DVD players that output 1080i signals via up-conversion.  We know that this can't look like real HDTV, but there really are 1080x1920 pixels coming out of this player, and people will wonder what they need Blue Ray for if this box can get 1080i out of their existing collection.    If the article features "1080 pixels" prominently and buries details about quality loss and interpolation in the fine print, then you are adding to the confusion. Algr 20:42, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not focusing exclusively on pixel count... but pixel count is the most basic, fundamental quantity for the spatial resolution of a digital television signal. Pixel count is the video (or still image) equivalent of bit depth (bits/sample) for audio signals (and field rate is the equivalent of sample rate).  The visual acuity of a normal person is about 1/60 of a degree.  When you are looking at a video monitor, you can calculate the angle is within the two imaginary lines that go from your eye to the left and right (or top and bottom) edges of the monitor.  To avoid visible resolution artifacts (pixelation), a video display should have at least 60 pixels per degree with respect to the angle that the display occupies in the viewer's field of view.  Obviously the viewed angle of the display depends on the size of the display and the distance of the viewer from the display.  For SDTV, the horizontal viewing angle at the optimal distance is about 11 degrees.  For 1080i the horizontal viewing angle is tripled to 33 degrees.
 * Algr - Your example reinforces my point; it doesn't contradict it. The native resolution of an NTSC DVD is 720x480.  You can't create more resolution than the native resolution - it can only get worse.  As you pointed out, you can't really "up-convert" (the resulting increased bits are known as "empty resolution").  The signal can be resampled to 1920x1080, but the real pixel resolution of the up-sampled signal is still 720x480.  If it is done properly, an up-sampled signal won't lose any quality (but it won't gain any).  A signal chain is only as strong as its weakest link.  Signal quality can never be "improved" after capture (although you can make some improvement to the perceived picture, such as color, brightness, contrast).  Generally speaking, quality is either maintained or it is degraded by the components in the signal chain following capture (encoding, storage, editing, transmission, receiving / decoding, display... not necessarily in that order, or including all of these).  In any case, the spatial resolution of a video signal is not the be-all and end-all signal, but it is an important measure that should be quantified.  Sure, it is possible to have a 720x480 video signal displayed that actually looks better than a particular 1920x1080 signal / display... if one is done well and the other is done poorly.  But all things being equal, more resolution is better.  It is not possible to have a 720x480 signal match a well done 1920x1080 signal.  Why is more resolution better... what is the important thing about resolution?  It allows you to view a greater angle... a "wider and taller" view of the scene being shot by the camera... without noticing pixelation (sampling error).  This stuff is chapter 1 of "Digital Video and HDTV Algorithms and Interfaces, Charles Poynton... and several other excellent books on video... it is absolutely fundamental.

 * Other articles that discuss some of the issues that can affect image quality could be helpful, and could be referenced from many of the video articles that reference the TV resolution template. Tvaughan1 22:39, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

info box or navigation box?
hi ho everyone, for me it is not clear which purpose this template has. is it an info box explaing the techniques or a navigation box for linking several articles with it? as far as i know the intention of the initial template was for navigation, but now it seems that this changes to an infobox. please do not make the mistake to use a navi box for explaing, please seperate this! as a user i do not want to understand the displayed facts when just getting to another article. if you want to create an infobox for several articles then you should consider to explain more by using old fashion texts in it. e.g. i do not know if you guys mean by "1:1 PAR", i think it ist 1:1 pixel ascpect ratio, but a newbie does not know that! this should be clearly written and written as an wikilink. whether you want to keep it clear and simple as a navi box should be to get from here to there fastly or you should use more text and more "space". the current middle way of both is not a good compromise. that as an first reaction i will now read the rest of your postings. please give me some time ;). greets, --Andreas -horn- Hornig 14:18, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Changes to image
You'll notice that I've added EDTV and HDV to the image. I have not changed the representation of the 480p box in order to keep the edit non-controversial. The representations I added are differentiated from the standard resolutions by their being displayed at 25% opacity (which indicates that they exist, but are less common). That said, both are still common enough to warrant inclusion and to be helpful to a reader. As a final note regarding HDV, the image displays resolutions at a 1:1 pixel aspect ratio, and the vast majority of HDV is effectively only 1920x1080 with a non-square PAR. Noclip 22:34, 8 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry, there is no such thing as a video signal with 856 horizontal pixels. By the logic of this chart, (pixel count only) EDTV and SDTV are identical - 720x480 pixels. Also, PAL Edtv (720x576) is probably more common then 480p since Europe isn't producing as much HD as the US.  Finally, the added lines are almost unreadable. Algr 19:53, 9 February 2007 (UTC)
 * What are you going on about? I didn't even change PAL or 480p from what you had them as. As for EDTV, for purposes of this chart (and to avoid conflict) 480p and EDTV are different things. If you go into a store and ask for an EDTV projector or TV you will get a device with a native resolution of 854x480, wheras if you ask for an SDTV device you will get one with a resolution of 720x480. It's an awful example, but it's the simplest one I could think of. Noclip 23:55, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

I migrated this to use Navbox...
I think it looks better; but the tables were hard to put into the navbox format. There's a different table for each row now... what do you guys think? atanamir 22:13, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Incorrect NTSC resolution
The NTSC resolution is currently incorrectly listed as 480 lines. It should be 486 or 525, as there are normally 525 lines in a NTSC image, but only 486 of those are in the visible area. Many NTSC digital capture systems only capture 480 lines, hence the confusion. --Ozhiker (talk) 23:33, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

 * 480 is the defacto resolution for digitized NTSC - and most everything is digitized these days. In MPEG or DV, the number of lines in a frame must be evenly divisible by 8 (16 if interlaced) so to get the old analog 486 figure, you would have to digitize 496 pixels.  Since these lines are meant to be off screen anyway (in the overscan area) a slight change to NTSC would be unnoticed on existing sets.  Algr (talk) 17:25, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

Template doesn’t stay hidden
Template doesn’t stay hidden, if you revisit the page after closing it, this doesn’t seem right. Looks like it's not saving its 'state' can someone look in to it?

—IncidentFlux (talk) 19:40, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

 * ✅ I've set the parameter State to "collapsed" and the contents of this navigation box is hidden by default. It should be much tidier now. --Marianian (talk) 20:10, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Looks good! Thank you Marianian —IncidentFlux [ TalkBack 22:12, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

2160p (Quad Full High Definition)
Should 2160p (Quad Full High Definition) be added to this template? Quad Full High Definition, also known as "QFHD", "Quad HD" and "Quad HDTV" is 3840x2160 is more or less agreed upon to be high-definition TV standard that will someday replace 1080p Gamester17 (talk) 12:13, 16 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. It would make all the rest of the information much smaller, and since Hollywood wants to use their own 4k standard, I'm not sure what the market for 2160p will be.  (I think Hollywood is just being elitist and doesn't want to use any standard with "TV" connections.) Algr (talk) 20:22, 16 December 2008 (UTC)

actual TV resolution
On my TV horizontaly (longer part) number of RGB colums is 320 and verticaly about 440 rows, so I gues actual TV resolution is 320*480 pixels, instead dreamed 640*480 for xbox/PS2. HDTV may be just nice Antialiasing or by TV itself... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fsahfkagn (talk • contribs) 09:56, 19 December 2008 (UTC)
 * What are you counting exactly? Is this a tube set?  Lower cost sets don't always display everything that the signal could theoretically deliver.  Algr (talk) 19:55, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Template talk:TV resolution


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kabuto- manga and anime character

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 03:13, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

Kabuto- manga and anime character
Non notable article, made by a serial 'vandal' The vandal keeps adding semi-serious content to wikipedia, most of which is nonsense. Badly written, en unwikified. Ec5618 16:08, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 06:54, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN. carmeld1 02:53, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: User talk:198.4.104.128

title: User talk:198.4.104.128


text:
Jean Sebastien Roy

Jean Sebastien Roy, also known as JSR, is a Canadian professional motocross rider and has won five CMRC Canadian National Motocrass Championships dating from 2001-2005.

He was born and raised in Acton Vale, Quebec.

Roy competed in the USA as a privateer for a number of years, where he raced both the AMA Motocross and Supercross classes. His strongest AMA season was 1998, where he finished 9th overall for the season as a full privateer Kawasaki rider. Unfortunately, Roy was unable to secure a full factory ride after that, and switched between several private Honda teams. In 2001, after having a lackluster season in the US, he decided to become fully dedicated to the Canadian National Series (CMRC).

Since his return to Canada, JSR has won his 5 consecutive 250 championships, as well as a handful of Montreal Supercrosses. Roy has proven extremely competitive during his part-time forays in the AMA championship, regularly showing top 10 speed on production-based, 2-stroke equipment.

In an intense championship battle, Roy lost the 2006 MX1 championship to his Blackfoot Honda teammate Dusty Klatt, but finished ahead of teammate and longtime rival Blair Morgan. Both racers were on Honda CRF450 four stroke machines, and it was the first season on one for both.

 * 2001 CMRC 250 National Champion
 * 2002 CMRC 250 National Champion
 * 2003 CMRC 250 National Champion
 * 2004 CMRC 250 National Champion
 * 2005 CMRC MX1 National Champion

2007 would see Blackfoot switch to Yamaha motorcycles. While still a regular winner, Roy suffered some bike problems and injuries that set him back to 5th in the standings. It would be his last year of professional full-time competition.

In 2008, Roy competed in just a single CMRC national event, and announced that the upcoming Montreal Supercross would be his final pro race. To the delight of the hometown crowd, Roy led wire-to-wire and claimed the victory, capping off a stellar career.

title: Jean Sebastien Roy


text:
Holly Wood

Holly Wood or holly wood may refer to:

 * Holly Wood, Oxfordshire, England, a Site of Special Scientific Interest
 * Holly Wood, Sandwell, England, in the List of local nature reserves in England
 * Holly wood, wood from a holly plant
 * Holly Wood, a character in the game Final Fight

title: Holly Wood


text:
Michael Wuertz

Michael James Wuertz (born December 15, 1978) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs and Oakland Athletics. He was known for his slider, which generated the most misses per swing in 2009. He is currently the pitching coach for the Los Angeles Angels minor league affiliates.

Chicago Cubs
Wuertz was drafted by the Chicago Cubs in the 11th round of the 1997 Major League Baseball Draft. He made his major league debut on April 5, 2004, against the Cincinnati Reds, throwing a perfect inning with two strikeouts. He ended the season with a record of 1-0 in 31 appearances. The following season, Wuertz opened the season in the Cubs bullpen and set a Cubs rookie record for games pitched with 75. In 2006, Wuertz spent part of the season on the disabled list, limited to 41 appearances. In 2007, Wuertz went 2-3 with an ERA of 3.48 in 73 appearances. In 2008, his last season with the Cubs, he was limited to 45 games due to injury.

Oakland Athletics
On February 2, 2009, Wuertz was traded to the Oakland Athletics for minor leaguers Richie Robnett and Justin Sellers. In his first season with Oakland, he had the best season of his career, going 6-1 with 102 strikeouts in $78 2/3$ innings. Wuertz also picked up four saves in a team-high 74 appearances. His strikeout total was the sixth highest by a reliever in Oakland history; Rollie Fingers, Dennis Eckersley and Wuertz are the only Oakland relievers with 100-plus strikeout seasons. Opponents hit .188 against him.

Cincinnati Reds
Wuertz was signed by the Cincinnati Reds to a minor league deal on May 2, 2012. He was released on July 5.

Miami Marlins
Wuertz was signed by the Miami Marlins to a minor league deal on January 15, 2013. He was released on March 8.

Coaching career
In January 2016, he was named the pitching coach for the Inland Empire 66ers, the Los Angeles Angels Class-A affiliate in the California League. In February 2018, he was named the pitching coach for the Orem Owlz, a Los Angeles Angels Rookie League affiliate in the Pioneer League. In 2021, he was named the pitching coach for the Rocket City Trash Pandas, the Double-A affiliate of the Los Angeles Angels.

title: Michael Wuertz


text:
User talk:Aneuman

Recent edit
Your recent edit to 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + · · · was incorrect; $$]a,b[$$ and $$(a,b)$$ are standard mathematical notations for the open interval $$a<x<b$$. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 05:05, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

I did not know that. Thanks for clarifying. I should have also realized that the closed interval was incorrect. Aneuman (talk) 12:15, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aneuman


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Polish Wikipedians' notice board/Black Book

Ok, since the consensus is to userfy the page then who should move the page - and to whose namespace? Halibutt 16:10, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * The VfD has been posted for less than a day. Let it run; the closing admin will ultimately decide where it ends up. --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 16:24, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I wanted to ask this question in advance. After all that page has already been deleted once, without any discussion or notification of any of the parties involved. So, I believe there is a risk that once the consensus is to delete it, we won't have the time to prepare an archive and all the work will be lost. Halibutt 14:03, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry to intervene with advices if they are unwelcome. Just a point, the previous deletion was made under "No personal attacks" justification. I take no position on whether this justification was valid at the time, but there is no reason to beleive it will be done again. As a precaution, you may archive it in your user:Halibutt/sandbox. No way anyone would delete it from there! Regards, -Irpen 14:12, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * P.S. Personal disclaimer: I voted "userfy".


text: User:Tormozko

title: User:Tormozko


text:
West Brook, Nova Scotia

West Brook (population approx. 100) is a community in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. Its main industries are agricultural: forestry and the harvesting of wild blueberries.

title: West Brook, Nova Scotia


text:
Feliciano de Silva

Feliciano de Silva (1491 – June 24, 1554) was a Spanish writer. Born in Ciudad Rodrigo to a powerful family, Silva wrote “sequels” to La Celestina and Amadis de Gaula. A prolific writer, his first chivalresque work, Lisurate de Grecia (nephew of Amadis de Gaula), was published in 1514. It is a relatively short work. His Amadis of Greece (1530) continued the success enjoyed by this first work. Amadis of Greece is divided into two parts which deal with the adventures of Amadis of Greece, Knight of the Burning Sword, son of Lisuarte of Greece and Onoloria of Trabizond (Trapisonda), as well as his love for both Princess Lucela of France and Princess Niquea of Thebes, whom he subsequently marries.

Silva followed this work with two others: Don Florisel de Niquea (Sir Florisel of Nicaea) (1532) – which deals with the knightly adventures and loves of first-born son of Amadís de Grecia and Princess Niquea – and Don Rogel de Grecia (Sir Rogel of Greece) (1535). In 1551, he published the voluminous Cuarta parte de don Florisel. Many of his chivalreque works were translated into English and French.

Feliciano's sequels to Amadis of Gaul:
 * Book VII : 1514 Lisuarte de Grecia
 * Book IX : 1530 Amadis de Grecia
 * Book X : 1532 Don Florisel de Niquea
 * Book XI : 1535 & 1551 Don Rogel de Grecia

His Segunda Celestina, his sequel to ''La Celestina', is an original work in its own right, and is a mixture of Erasmian satire, picaresque themes, and high-quality verses. One of many imitations of La Celestina, Silva's was the most popular, and features the love shared between Felides and Polandria.

He also wrote Sueño de Feliciano de Silva (Feliciano de Silva's Dream), added to the end of Amadis of Greece, which deals with the history of Silva's romance with the woman who would become his wife (in 1520), Gracia Fe, daughter of the converso Hernando de Caracena, against the wishes of his family. de Silva died in Ciudad Rodrigo, and was buried in the convent of Santo Domingo (no longer extant).

Florisel of Niquea
Florisel of Niquea is a Spanish Chivalric romance of the sixteenth century, tenth in the series of Amadís de Gaula, and continues the action.

It was first printed in Valladolid in 1532. Its full title is 'The Chronicle of the Very Brave and Hard-working and Invincible Knights Don Florisel de Niquea and the Strong Anaxartes, sons of the very excellent Prince Amadís of Greece'. The work is divided into two books, the first of which has sixty-nine chapters and the second sixty-four. In accordance with the topic of false translation, the text is said to have been originally written in Greek language by Zirfea, queen of Argines, and later translated into Latin, from which Silva supposedly translated it into Spanish.

Summary
In the pages of the work the adventures of Don Florisel de Niquea, son of Amadís of Greece and Niquea, and of his half-brothers Anaxartes and Alastraxerea, extramarital children of Amadís of Greece and Zahara, queen of the Caucasus, and others are recounted. many knights and maidens. The main characters are built on the Amadisian models of Amadís and Galaor, except that in this work the main protagonist, Don Florisel, is the fickle and fickle lover and Anaxartes, the secondary protagonist, is exemplary faithful.

First book
The twins Anaxartes and Alastraxerea, sons of Queen Zahara of the Caucasus, who believe they are children of the god Mars but whose real father is Amadís of Greece, are armed knights and set out in search of adventure. Florisel de Niquea is deceived by the princess Arlanda of Thrace, a relationship from which Florarlán will be born. Silvia, who is Florisel's aunt but thinks her parents are shepherds from Alexandria, arrives in Niquea and finds Alastraxerea, and together they decide to try to free Prince Anastarax, whom Silvia is in love with and who is enchanted in the Tower of the Universe. On the way they join a group in which they travel Zair of Trabzon (son of Lisuarte from Greece and his second wife Abra), his twin Leonoria and second Oriana, daughter of Olorius from Spain and Luciana from Greece. Silvia manages to disenchant Anastarax and it is discovered that she is the daughter of Lisuarte de Grecia and the late Onoloria.

Florisel de Niquea falls in love with Elena, daughter of King Brimartes of Apollonia ( Poland ), fiancée of Prince Lucidor of France. Florisel manages to evade Arlanda's harassment by pretending that she is Alastraxerea, whom she remarkably resembles; Alastraxerea tries to free him by pretending that she is Florisel, but falls prey to Arlanda. Wanting to escape from there, Florisel, who is supposed to be Alastraxerea, accepts the commission to defend the Tower of the Universe. Arlanda discovers the deception and orders Alastraxerea to go kill the Guardian of the Tower. However, before his arrival, Anaxartes appears in the Tower and confronts Florisel, without knowing their identities. Their combat is very violent and both fall senselessly to the ground, which breaks the enchantment of the Tower and all the princes who were enchanted there are released, among which were Amadís de Gaula, Esplandián, Lisuarte de Grecia and Amadís from Greece.

Florisel goes to Apolonia, to try to prevent the marriage of Lucidor and Elena. Alastraxerea, still under the identity of Florisel, is kidnapped by Don Falanges de Astra, extramarital son of the King of Trapobana, who has fallen in love with her. To rescue her, Florisel disguises herself as Alastraxerea, is captured by Phalanges, and achieves her sister's freedom. Phalanges forgives the deception and decides to accompany Florisel to Apolonia, where they arrive shortly before Lucidor. Florisel secretly marries Elena and they escape to Constantinople, where the weddings are held.

Second book
Prince Lucidor, seized with anger, swears revenge on the Greek imperial house and a war breaks out between France and Greece. After several battles and challenges, the support of Lucidor from the troops of Breo, king of Russia, who until then was an ally of the Greeks, forces them to retreat, but later the king of Russia decides to attack the French. The Greeks support Lucidor's army and together they defeat the traitor.

After the war, Amadís of Greece feels his old love for Princess Lucela reborn and he retires to an uninhabited mountain, where he is the victim of an enchantment. Florisel and other gentlemen looking for him. In the course of this search, and to save Don Falanges de Astra from death, Florisel is forced to marry, under the feigned identity of Morayzel, the beautiful Sidonia, queen of the Guindaya island. Sidonia becomes pregnant with Florisel, but he abandons her as soon as possible. Sidonia gives birth to a daughter, Diana, whose hand is offered by the spiteful mother to whom she brings Florisel's head. During a trip to Constantinople, Lucela manages to disenchant Amadís from Greece.

At the end of the play, the main characters congregate in Rhodes, where, through the intervention of Zirfea, Alquife and 'Urganda the Unknown', Amadís of Greece recognizes Anaxartes and Alastraxerea as children. Again in Constantinople, the weddings of Falanges and Alastraxerea, Anaxartes and the second Oriana, Florisel and Elena, Anastarax and Silvia and Lucidor and Leonoria are celebrated.

Reception
The work presents the peculiarity, very rare in the chivalric genre, of beginning with its chronological location, since as it is said in the first lines of chapter I of the first book, Queen Zahara gave birth to twins Anaxartes and Alastraxerea in May of the year 115 AD.

Florisel de Niquea was a significantly popular work among readers of chivalric books, as it had at least six reprints: three in Seville (one in 1536 and two in 1546 ), one in Lisbon ( 1566 ) and two in Zaragoza ( 1584 and 1587 ).

Translations
Florisel de Niquea was translated into Italian and published in that language in Venice in 1551. It was also translated into French language, but its two books were published as separate works, the first in 1551 and the second in 1552, as Books IX and X of the French Amadisian cycle. Thus divided, the work was translated into German and published as books IX ( 1573 ) and X ( 1574 ) of the so-called Amadís cycle of France, and into Dutch ( 1596 and 1597 ).

Sequels
Feliciano de Silva continued the action of the book in Rogel de Grecia, which is the third part (or third book) of Florisel de Niquea and was published in 1535. This work was continued by Pedro de Luján in Silves de la Selva, published in 1546. Silva ignored Luján's work and in 1551 published a voluminous Fourth Part of Don Florisel de Niquea, which was the last work in the Spanish Amadisian cycle. Mambrino Roseo wrote in Italian a continuation of Silves de la Selva, the First part of Esferamundi of Greece, first published in Venice in 1558.

In 1554 the same Mambrino Roseo published in Italian another continuation of the Florisel called Florarlán de Thracia, in which the adventures of this son of Don Florisel de Niquea and Princess Arlanda of Thrace are related.

Legacy
Silva's style was subsequently mocked by Miguel de Cervantes, who made Feliciano de Silva Don Quixote's favorite author:

"Y de todos ellos ninguno le parecían tan bien como los que compuso el famoso Feliciano de Silva, porque la claridad de su prosa y aquellas intrincadas razones suyas le parecían de perlas." Translation: "But of all there were none he liked so well as those of the famous Feliciano de Silva's composition, for their lucidity of style and complicated conceits were as pearls in his sight."

The majority of Don Quixote commentators and scholars have sided with Cervantes in mocking Silva's works, though many of them had neglected to read them. Though he is hardly remembered today, de Silva enjoyed considerable success during the sixteenth century. His works are currently being re-evaluated and examined for their contribution to Spanish literature in the Siglo de Oro.

title: Feliciano de Silva


text:
David Palffy

David Palffy is a Canadian film and television actor of Welsh and Hungarian descent, best known for playing Anubis and Sokar on Stargate SG-1.

Early life
David Palffy attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, England.

Career
Palffy played the Goa'uld villains Sokar and Anubis in Stargate SG-1. He had recurring guest appearances in The X-Files, First Wave, Blade: The Series, and Andromeda. He played the role of Castillo Sermano in the film adaptation of the video game House of the Dead. He also played the main antagonist, Caleb Reece in the 2004 racing video game, Need for Speed: Underground 2.

Personal life
Palffy married actress Erica Durance in 2005. They amicably separated in April 2023. Palffy and Durance's first child was born in February 2015. Their second son was born in December 2016. Palffy also has a son from a previous relationship.

title: David Palffy


text:
Nakhon Pathom

Nakhon Pathom (นครปฐม, ) is a city (thesaban nakhon) in central Thailand, the former capital of Nakhon Pathom province. One of the most important landmarks is the giant Phra Pathommachedi. The city is also home to Thailand's only Bhikkhuni temple Wat Song Thammakanlayani (วัดทรงธรรมกัลยาณี), which is also open to women from abroad.

Nakhon Pathom houses a campus of Silpakorn University within the former Sanam Chandra Palace.

The city is 57 km west of Bangkok.

According to Charles Higham, "Two silver medallions from beneath a sanctuary at Nakhon Pathom, the largest of the moated sites, proclaim that it was 'the meritorious work of the King of Sri Dvaravati', the Sanskrit term Dvaravati meaning 'that which has gates'. The script is in south Indian characters of the seventh century." Nakhon Pathom was the largest Dvaravati center.

History
Nakhon Pathom was located in the Gulf of Thailand 2000 years ago, but is steadily receding southward as a result of sedimentation. Nakhon Pathom, along with Ratchaburi and Sing Buri, is considered one of the oldest cities in Thailand, having been founded as far back as 40 BC. It was for a long time one of the important capitals of Dvaravati, a prestigious Mon kingdom from Lop Buri to Malaysia. The Indian King Ashoka sent monks to Siam at this time to popularize Theravada Buddhism. They arrived in Nakhon Pathom and from there toured the country. Hence the city's self-image of having spread Buddhism throughout Siam.

In April 1842, trouble broke out between three groups of Chinese who had formed secret societies, each with about 1,000 men. The leaders of these groups were named Khim, Ia and Phiao (Piaw). The Siamese government sent soldiers under the command of Phra Sombat Wanit to arrest the leaders. In fact, Khim and Phiao were the first to be thrown into the dungeon, but Ia managed to escape. He then robbed the houses in the Samut Sakhon and Nakhon Pathom area along with his people. They could only be overpowered after a large police operation.

In the 1930s, Nakhon Pathom was a nest of 300 houses and about 12. Buddhist temples. There was also the famous monks' retreat at Bang Thammasala.

Geography
Nakhon Pathom is located about 50 kilometers west of Thailand's capital, Bangkok, in the middle of a wide plain, crossed by watercourses, such as the Mae Nam Tha Chin (Tha Chin River). Sugar cane has been grown here since the late 18th century. Old travel reports describe that near Nakhon Pathom on the Tha Chin, there were sugar factories every four to five kilometers, surrounded by some ten to fifteen houses and firmly in Chinese hands.

Places of interest

 * Phra Pathom Chedi (พระปฐมเจดีย,) - considered the tallest Buddhist structure in the world, it is about 127 meters high, rediscovered by King Mongkut (Rama IV) during his time as a wandering monk in the jungle (restored since 1853) and covered with fine Chinese tiles at the behest of his son Chulalongkorn (Rama V).

 * Phra Ruang Rochanarit - Standing Buddha about eight meters high in the north chapel.

 * New museum at the south entrance of the temple complex, displaying mainly Dvaravati period artifacts found during construction work on the chedi and in the surrounding excavations, as well as Mon-style Buddha statues.

 * Wat Phra Praton Praton Chedi (พระประโทณเจดีย์): small, quiet temple with an ancient Khmer prang and a small but popular shrine to the heroes of a legend Phya Khong and his foster mother Yai Hom.

 * Wat Songdhammakalyani- (วัดทรงธรรมกัลยาณี) - Thailand's only Bhikkhuni temple, open also to interested Western women.

 * Sanam Chan - King Vajiravudh's palace complex in the west of the city. The complex now houses the Sanam Chan Palace Campus of Silpakorn University.

title: Nakhon Pathom


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/James Thaddeus Drew

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 03:13, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

James Thaddeus Drew
A student whose claim to fame is silver medal in epee in a provincial Winter-Olympics-lookalike for 12 to 17-year-olds. Insufficiently notable. Cryptic 16:16, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 16:17, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Regional amateur athlete. Geogre 17:00, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Unencyclopedic. --FCYTravis 18:50, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete teen vanity. --Etacar11 23:50, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 06:54, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User talk:N1mr0d

Please indicate the sources of your images you upload, and their copyright status. See Wikipedia:Image copyright tags for more information. I suspect that much of what you have labeled as "Copyright Expired" is not, but are really just "fair-use". --Fastfission 16:17, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Koresh.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Koresh.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. cohesion ★ talk 05:58, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Daghlian.gif
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Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Stan 14:01, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Lee atwater.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Lee atwater.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

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Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 14:29, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:SGILogoGoldPurple.jpg
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Non-free rationale for File:Matia Bazar Ti Sento.jpg
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title: User talk:N1mr0d


text:
Iris (opera)

Iris is an opera in three acts by Pietro Mascagni to an original Italian libretto by Luigi Illica. It premiered on 22 November 1898 at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome. The story is set in Japan during legendary times.

Background and performance history
In common with all of Mascagni's full-length operas, Iris is now rarely performed, even in Italy, although along with L'amico Fritz it remains one of the composer's more performed operas. Two of the opera's most memorable numbers are the tenor's serenade ("Apri la tua finestra") and the Hymn to the Sun ("Inno al Sole").

The so-called "aria della piovra" ("Octopus aria"), "Un dì, ero piccina", where Iris describes a screen she had seen in a Buddhist temple when she was a child, depicting an octopus coiling its tentacles around a young woman, is a rare Western use of the popular Japanese tentacle erotica (shokushu goukan, 触手強姦, "tentacle violation") tradition, exemplified in the print The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife (1814) by Hokusai.

Synopsis
Act 1

The opera begins with an invisible choir singing a "Hymn to the Sun", the second best-known piece in the opera. However, it should be called "Hymn of the Sun", since it is sung by the sun itself (as a choir).

Iris, the young and innocent daughter of a blind old man, Il Cieco, lives happily, enjoying the sun and the simple things of nature. Osaka, a young lord in search of adventures, plans to kidnap her with the help of Kyoto who keeps a geisha house. During a puppet show, Osaka enters disguised as a child of the sun, singing the serenade "Apri la tua finestra [Open Your Window]", the most famous selection in the opera. He conquers the heart of Iris, and Samurai carry her off, conducting her to Kyoto's geisha house called Yoshiwara. Before leaving, Kyoto anonymously leaves money on Il Cieco's doorstep, as well as a note telling him where she has gone and implying that she has abandoned him.

Act 2

At Yoshiwara, where, according to the libretto, the sun never penetrates, Iris wakes up under the illusion of having died and gone to Paradise. Osaka arrives and tries to seduce her but fails to persuade her to yield to his advances. Tired and annoyed by her simplicity and innocence, Osaka tells Kyoto to get rid of her. Instead Kyoto, hoping to make some profit off Iris, exposes her to the crowds on a balcony of the house. Il Cieco, having assumed that Iris went to the geisha house of her own accord, comes there. He curses her, repeatedly flinging mud in her face. She is overwhelmed by sudden madness at her father's incomprehensible actions. Before anyone, including the remorse-stricken Osaka who has returned, can stop her, Iris rushes back into the house and throws herself down a shaft leading to a sewer.

Act 3

The next morning in the sewer, ragpickers begin stealing Iris' silken clothing; she revives, frightening away the ragpickers. She quickly becomes delirious and imagines that she hears the voices of the three men, first Osaka, then Kyoto, and finally Il Cieco, each mocking her. She rejoices when she feels the warm rays of the rising sun, accompanied by a return of the "Hymn to the Sun", and she dies. Tendrils of flowers bear the soul of Iris to heaven.

title: Iris (opera)