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Flavio

Flavio, re de' Longobardi ("Flavio, King of the Lombards", HWV 16) is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was by Nicola Francesco Haym, after Matteo Noris's Flavio Cuniberto. It was Handel's fourth full-length opera for the Royal Academy of Music. Handel had originally entitled the opera after the character of Emilia in the opera.

Flavio is unusually concise for an opera by Handel of this period. It is also notable as a skillful blend of tragedy and comedy, both in the text and the music, and for being one of Handel's few operas to feature leading roles for all major voice categories of his day – soprano, contralto, castrato, tenor and bass.

Performance history
Handel completed the score only seven days before the premiere, at the King's Theatre in the Haymarket on 14 May 1723. There were eight performances in the premiere run. The work was revived on 18 April 1732, under the direction of the composer, for four performances.

There were no further revivals until it was rediscovered and performed in Göttingen on 2 July 1967. The first UK performance since Handel's time was on 26 August 1969 at the Unicorn Theatre in Abingdon-on-Thames, England. As with all Baroque opera seria, Flavio went unperformed for many years, but with the revival of interest in Baroque music and historically informed musical performance since the 1960s, Flavio, like all Handel operas, receives performances at festivals and opera houses today. Among other productions, Flavio was performed at the New York City Opera in 2007 and by English Touring Opera in 2009.

Synopsis

 * Scene:Lombardy, in legendary times.

Flavio, King of Lombardy, is also King of Britain. He has two trusted, elderly counsellors, Lotario and Ugone. Lotario's daughter Emilia is engaged to Ugone's son, Guido. Ugone has another daughter, Teodata, who is young and famous for her great beauty. Teodata has a secret boyfriend, Vitige, courtier of the King.

Act 1
Vitige slips away from his sweetheart Teodata's bedroom as dawn breaks. The two take a tender farewell of each other.

Guido and Emilia are married in a ceremony with their immediate families present. The newly married couple sing of their happiness and look forward to the wedding party that evening.

Ugone presents his daughter Teodata to the King. Flavio is greatly struck by her beauty and suggests she become lady-in-waiting to the Queen (who does not appear in the opera). King Flavio receives word that his governor in Britain has become incapacitated through illness and needs to be replaced. The King offers the position to his counsellor Lotario, but changes his mind and offers the job to Ugone instead, thinking that with her father out of the way, he will more easily be able to seduce his lovely daughter Teodata. Lotario is furious that the King has backtracked on the prime position he was offered.

Flavio praises the beauty of Teodata to his courtier Vitige, whom the King does not realise is Teodata's secret lover. Vitige tries to play down her attraction, telling the King that he doesn't think she is at all pleasing to look at. This produces no effect on the King's ardour, however.

Ugone tells his son Guido that he has been gravely insulted by Lotario, who has slapped him across the face. His honour demands that he fight a duel, but he is too old now, and demands that his son do so in his stead. Guido has to agree that his duty demands that he kill the father of his new bride. When Emilia meets up with Guido, he is too ashamed to look her in the eye. She does not understand what is wrong, but declares she will always love him, no matter what.

Act 2
Flavio has ordered the lovely Teodata to come to him and is working on seducing her when her father bursts into the room, protesting about the loss of his honour. The King leaves Ugone with his daughter, who believes, mistakenly, that he must have discovered her clandestine relationship with Vitige and confesses all. This only makes Ugone bewail the loss of his family honour even more.

Lotario tells his daughter Emilia that her marriage to Guido is null and void and demands that she abandon him. She tells Guido what her father is asking her to do, but says she will never cease to love Guido. Guido is torn by his love for her and his duty to avenge the insult to his father.

The King orders his courtier Vitige to go to Teodata, tell her that the King loves her, and bring her to him. Vitige and Teodata decide the best strategy in this difficult situation will be for her not to reject the King but to play along with him.

Guido challenges Lotario to a duel. The older man scornfully accepts, feeling that his greater experience will allow an easy victory, but is mortally wounded. The horrified Emilia finds her dying father in a pool of his own blood. He tells her Guido was responsible, and expires. Emilia vows to be revenged.

Act 3
Emilia and Ugone both go to the King, she demanding justice for her father's murder, he justifying his son's action by his vindication of the insult to him. Flavio says he will consider the matter; really he is more concerned at the moment with trying to seduce Teodata.

Vitige brings Teodata to the King and has to listen as Flavio declares she will be his real Queen, which makes him enraged with jealousy.

Emilia confronts Guido, who gives her his sword and tells her to run him through. She takes the sword but is unable to kill him and leaves.

Vitige and Teodata have a quarrel about her treatment of the King as Flavio listens unobserved. She points out that Vitige told her to play along with Flavio, but Vitige says he did not mean that she should go that far. Flavio comes out of his hiding place, declares they have both deceived him and they will be punished.

Flavio now realises that he will have to show wise judgement like a good King. He sends for Emilia and tells her that he has followed her desire; he has had Guido decapitated for killing her father and in fact she can see the severed head right away. Emilia swoons away and while she is unconscious the King has Guido come to her side so that when she revives they are joyously reunited.

He sends for Vitige and tells him that his punishment will be that he will have to marry the girl who he does not think is nice to look at, Teodata, and presents her to him.

So both pairs of lovers will marry, Ugone will go to Britain to take up his position as governor, and Flavio remain faithful to his wife.

Context and analysis
The German-born Handel, after spending some of his early career composing operas and other pieces in Italy, settled in London, where in 1711 he had brought Italian opera for the first time with his opera Rinaldo. A tremendous success, Rinaldo created a craze in London for Italian opera seria, a form focused overwhelmingly on solo arias for the star virtuoso singers. In 1719, Handel was appointed music director of an organisation called the Royal Academy of Music (unconnected with the present day London conservatoire), a company under royal charter to produce Italian operas in London. Handel was not only to compose operas for the company but hire the star singers, supervise the orchestra and musicians, and adapt operas from Italy for London performance.

Ottone, an opera by Handel presented for the Academy in January 1723, was the first time London audiences had seen the operatic superstars, castrato Senesino and soprano Francesca Cuzzoni, performing together in an opera, and had been an immense success, with demand for tickets far outstripping supply

Flavio, following Ottone in the same year and with the same leading singers, did not create such a sensation as Ottone had, although it was successful enough with audiences to be revived by Handel in a subsequent season. One reason for this may have been Flavio's comparative brevity, as announced in the playbills by the Academy"At the King's Theatre...this present Tuesday...will be performed a New Opera call'd, FLAVIUS...By reason of the shortness of the Opera, to begin exactly at Eight a-Clock."

Flavio also mixes high tragedy with amorous intrigue and comic interludes, which was perhaps not what London audiences, who had become accustomed to heroic dramas on a consistent note of serious drama in Italian opera, were expecting.

The work is lightly scored mostly for strings and continuo instruments only, with woodwinds being used sparingly. Handel's music treats some of the complications of the plot with mock-heroic irony, but the more serious passages produce intense dramatic music from the composer. 18th century musicologist Charles Burney praised the aria " Amor, nel mio penar" written for Senesino as Guido, torn between love and duty, as "extremely pathetic" and the aria for Emilia, "Amante stravagante" became a popular success as a separate song with English words fitted to it as "See, see, my charmer flyes me".

During rehearsals for Flavio, the tenor Alexander Gordon became frustrated with Handel's direction of the music from the harpsichord and threatened to jump on the instrument, to which Handel replied "Oh! Let me know when you will do that and I will advertise it. For I am sure more people will come to see you jump than to hear you sing."

The engraving of a scene from Flavio

Although a caricature, the contemporary engraving of Senesino on the left, Francesca Cuzzoni and castrato Gaetano Berenstadt on the right, provides valuable information about the visual aspect of the original performances of Handel operas. The illustration is probably of a scene from Flavio. The elongated bodies of the castrati tower over Cuzzoni, who was described by Horace Walpole as "short and squat". The set is architectural and generic, not a specific locale, and the costumes for the men are also generic, with some inspiration from ancient Roman military attire, breastplates and leg armour, combined with plumes on the headdresses. Such costumes were worn by the leading men in Handel operas whether the setting was ancient Rome or Gothic Europe. Cuzzoni, in contrast, wears a contemporary gown such as might have been suitable for presentation at court, with a dwarf to serve as her train-bearer.

title: Flavio


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Talk:Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde

Character assassination & attempt to tarnish Dr. Luukanen's name
I totally agree with 91.155.234.89 that there's a character assassination going on here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Δδ (talk • contribs) 19:49, 21 March 2011 (UTC)
 * On what basis? Agreeing with someone isn't evidence. (And by the way, I see this is your first contribution - welcome to Wikipedia) AndyTheGrump (talk) 19:55, 21 March 2011 (UTC)

Publications
OCLC Worldcat let me down this time. This article should have a list of her books (and any other notable articles in addition to the microchips one, which is referred to all over the place), but they don't seem to have been translated into English and probably that's why Worldcat's coverage is so spotty that I couldn't use it to assemble the list. If anyone has a good authoritative list of the books (and what languages they have each been translated into), that should be added to make the article more solidly based.--Yngvadottir (talk) 22:51, 28 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Worldcat lists a number of titles authored by her in Finnish. - LuckyLouie (talk) 01:43, 29 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure that's a complete list, and compare the no.wikipedia entry; she's been widely translated into other Scandinavian languages. Hence why I think Worldcat is letting me down here.--Yngvadottir (talk) 15:08, 29 March 2011 (UTC)
 * There's no requirement I'm aware of saying we can only add a "complete list". Add what's currently verifiable and available if you wish. This is, after all, a a work in progress. Cheers - LuckyLouie (talk) 15:58, 29 March 2011 (UTC)

Recently added tags
Avanu tagged this article about a week ago as contentious, referring in the edit summary to "Andy's insight on the author having conflicting information from the page". I don't understand what that refers to. Since the protection just expired from the article, I think we should talk about this. I tried to improve the referencing and balance of the article, and found negative assertions about Luukanen-Kilde that are not in the article and that I agree should not be in it. I did not find additional positive material about her that I could add (I don't think her pioneering female leadership of a yacht club is notable, for example - only mentioned in one local source), although that may be because I can't do a good search in Finnish because I can't read it. I used the Mediuutiset article and added a list of what publications I could find; I have said before that I welcome the Finnish editor producing more material we can use to fill out and balance the article without making it into a curriculum vitæ or an exposition of Luukanen-Kilde's theories, but other than that possible lack of sources the rest of us have been unable to find because we don't know our way around Finish publications, I don't see how the article is unbalanced. What still needs fixing? Yngvadottir (talk) 15:49, 16 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree with Yngvadottir; I don't think the tags are appropriate. With no further communication or discussion from Avanu regarding their tags placed in April, I'm removing them. - LuckyLouie (talk) 21:52, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde


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Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium

Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium was a Belgian leisure airline owned by the Thomas Cook Group. It operated scheduled flights to destinations throughout Europe and Africa from its base at Brussels Airport. The airline operated from 2002 until 2017.

History
The airline was established on 12 December 2001 by the Thomas Cook Group to serve the Belgian holiday market, and started operations on 13 March 2002. Until January 2004, flight tickets could only be purchased via travel agencies as part of package tours; since then individual seat reservations are also possible. The airline had several sister companies, Thomas Cook Airlines, Thomas Cook Airlines Scandinavia and Condor, all of which have a joint fleet management.

In March 2017, parent company Thomas Cook announced its intention to sell its Belgian operations to Lufthansa. Consequently, Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium was shut down by late October 2017 with two aircraft and all traffic rights being handed to Brussels Airlines. Its three remaining aircraft were to be relocated to Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium's sister companies. This would have led to the layoff of 40 non-flying staff members, but Dutch group SHS Aviation announced it would take over the flight licences, two of the three remaining aircraft, and the remaining 40 employees, and integrate them into a new airline, confusingly called "VLM Airlines" though no longer connected to the Antwerp VLM Airlines (since defunct), with the remaining single Airbus A320-200 transferred elsewhere within the Thomas Cook Group. This company has since been acquired from SHS Aviation by Dutch investors FS Aviation Management B.V.

The last flight of Thomas Cook Belgium was HQ1508 from Tenerife South Airport to Brussels Airport on 27 October 2017.

Destinations
At the time of the closure, Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium was flying to 36 destinations in Cape Verde, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia and several European countries.

Fleet
The final Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium fleet consisted of the following aircraft:

title: Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium


text:
The High and the Mighty (1954 song)

"The High and the Mighty" is a song by Ned Washington and Dimitri Tiomkin from the film of the same name.

At the start of the film's production late in 1953, veteran film composer and musician Dimitri Tiomkin was commissioned to write the film's score. The studio also urged Tiomkin to come up with a theme song for the film, to be released to radio and as a vinyl record. Tiomkin formed the basic melody to the song and enlisted songwriter Ned Washington to write the song's lyrics. What resulted was a gentle ballad. Warner Bros. presented the song to Les Baxter and his orchestra, who recorded and released the song to coincide with the release of the film. When released in 1954, "The High and the Mighty" peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Pop chart.

Both the film score and the song were nominated for Academy Awards in 1955. The song, which ultimately did not win an award, was sung by Johnny Desmond, accompanied by Muzzy Marcellino at the awards show. Dimitri Tiomkin's score won the Academy Award that year.

Toward the end of the film, after John Wayne's character convinced the captain to try to make it to San Francisco rather than ditch, the captain said "Whistle me a tune, Dan. I like music when I work." Dan (John Wayne) whistled a bit of "(I'm a) Ramblin' Wreck from Georgia Tech" (Georgia Tech's famous and catchy fight song). Audiences at the time no doubt immediately recognized it and understood it was a sign of success, as Georgia Tech was in its glory years in football under Bobby Dodd, during which it won six bowl games in six years and was named National Champion by one organization in 1952.

A second and much rarer version of the title song lyrics also exists. In contrast to the romantic motif of the popular hit tune, the secondary version is instead a paean to the crews who guide the airliners through the night skies towards distant cities, and concludes with an allusion to the "high and mighty" as the Deity.

An instrumental version was also recorded in 1954 by the conductor and arranger LeRoy Holmes, reaching number 9 on the Billboard chart. It became Holmes' biggest hit, and his most recognizable. The song is known for its distinctive whistling, which accompanies the music, and which was provided by Fred Lowery (the whistling within the film itself was dubbed by Muzzy Marcellino). Yet another hit version was recorded by Victor Young and his orchestra in 1954, peaking at number 6 on the Billboard chart, and Harry James recorded a version in 1955 on his album, Jukebox Jamboree (Columbia CL 615). Another version, complete with footsteps walking, and whistling, was recorded in the UK by Jimmy Young, with Bob Sharples & His Orchestra, on the Decca label.

Another vocal version with the complete Ned Washington lyrics has been recorded by Billy Eckstine in his album, Now Singing In 12 Great Movies, from the early 1960s. An instrumental version by George Greeley was recorded on his 1959 Warner Bros. album, Greatest Motion Picture Piano Concertos. The Shadows also recorded an instrumental version in 1964 for their album, Dance with The Shadows. A mambo version was recorded in 1958 by Perez Prado & His Orchestra, on RCA Victor 20-5839.

The tune is whistled in the fadeout of the Simon & Garfunkel song "Punky's Dilemma", from their 1968 album Bookends. Toward the end of the 1980 film Seems Like Old Times, Chevy Chase's character can be heard whistling the tune as he walks away from the camera.

title: The High and the Mighty (1954 song)


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North Dallas Chamber of Commerce

The North Dallas Chamber of Commerce is a chamber of commerce located in north Dallas, Texas (USA). It has 900+ members and represents the business community interests in City of Dallas, Dallas County, and the State of Texas. It has long supported regional surface transportation and helped to get construction started for the Dallas North Tollway. More recently, the chamber has called for a two- to five-year repeal of the Love Field travel restrictions that are better known as the Wright Amendment.

In 1990, the High Tech Committee of the Chamber established the Kilby International Awards, named after inventor Jack Kilby. The awards were announced at the Chamber's annual "Salute to High Technology" dinners.

title: North Dallas Chamber of Commerce


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User talk:GregLoutsenko

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You 20:44, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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 * Manual of Style

I sent you a message the same way you sent me a message, by editing your talk page. This is generally how messages are sent on Wikipedia. You 20:53, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)

Response to your comments/suggestions
First of all, let me say that I have no power to implement any of your suggestions here, but feel free to run more by me on my talk page. What you're suggesting may already be implemented or another solution to the problem your suggestion would fix is implemented.

''i recon that in a decade all other encyclopedeas will be obsolete or will have to merge in order to keep up with wikipedia's growth rate. even encarta has now began allowing user editing, although any editing has to be approved by an editor first.'' See Errors in the Encyclopædia Britannica that have been corrected in Wikipedia. While I'm not sure I'd go so far as to say that I think traditional encylopedias will ever be totally obsolete (I can still see a place for them in the future,) I think they may be much less widely used.

already there are many article which are basically on the same topic but are placed under slightly different names. Articles as such are frequently merged, see Duplicate articles.

''i certainly hope that the community and the designers will be able to come up with solutions for these problems. i would really hope that wikipedia will be able to expand into more technical topics, like details of complier error messages and specific, very technical, medical topics, i dont c why it cant happen. wikipedia has no limits on space so pretty much any article is acceptable. if only wikipedia can get a wider community of users.'' List of bad article ideas. There are limits to what we generally accept. Also, see Deletion policy.

i also would really like a spell checker for the editing section and a more visual editing environment. I agree with you on this, but for now, I just paste it into Word and use its spellcheck and I use the "Show Preview" button.

i also think that there should be a simple 10 star review system of articles, a review for quality of language, review for point of view, and correctness. We have something like this. See Featured articles. Also, myself, I consider any article a work in progress at all times, what may be a poor article now may wind up worthy of being a Featured Article a month from now.

the "discussion" section should be made into a standard forum type, because at the minute the layout does make it difficut to read through suggestions, or at least more difficult then would have been if it was a standard forum, like phpbb. The current method works something like this, just be sure to sign your posts. If nothing else, it uses the same Wiki software for consistency.

''and why not have google ads?! it will bring in more cash to speed up the servers...'' We don't really need them, we're doing just fine on donations. I forget where I read this, but Wikipedia is commited to staying ad-free.

''there should really be a more organized layout of the help section/rules section and stuff on templates and stubs. it took me like days to figure all the stuff out needed and i still dont think i know all the formatting tricks and the way wiki works/where to find stubs to write on and so on. its just a mess of links.'' I agree with you here too. I've been here since December 2004, and I still mess up formatting sometimes. But, I've just been figuring it out as I go along.

also i would really like way more statistics for each article, or at least a reorganization of stat section coz at the minute it takes me far too long to find stats i am looking for, most of the time these stats dont even exist. I haven't seen much of these myself, so I'm not sure what to say.

Also, I'd like to say, thanks for your enthusiasm for the project!

You 14:43, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)

Re: female to male ratio of wikipedeans
I'm not sure if anyone knows this ratio. For example, I'm male, but other than now, I had never once directly indicated this. It does seem that there are more males than females here, although there are several female sysops and at least one developer. You 17:29, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

P.S., I've been noticing that you haven't been signing your posts on talk pages. While on my talk page, I can go back and add the date and time you added your comment using the history function, it is generally considered good style to sign your posts with four tildes "~" to add the date and time. Three tildes "" adds only your name, which I generally seldom use. You 17:29, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

re: stable articles
I would say that there's no such thing as a "stable article" here (see The perfect article.) At least in theory, articles can ALWAYS be improved somehow. As for spoken articles, it is always noted which version they are based on. Even if they are based on an old version, they still probably have good information in them. All old versions of an article are saved and can be reverted. There's a tab beside the "edit this page" button that says "history," from which past versions of an article can be accessed, and edits can be made based on those past versions. To revert vandalism, one accesses one of those old versions, and then uses the "edit this page" button, then clicks on "save page." All past versions of an article are saved and accessible, except for articles that are deleted by the Deletion Policy.

I'm not quite sure I understand your last question, the closest thing I would say to articles where "the nuts and bolts" of them are there are Featured articles. These are considered especially well-written and complete. You (Talk) 21:28, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

re: wikinfo, is that really needed?!
Hmmm... I think the idea of Wikinfo is that instead of making one article about a subject from NPOV, they try to create many articles about a subject from many points of view. Actually, I can see some use for this, although having ten articles about a particular subject from different points of view may take as much effort as having at least two articles here from the NPOV (since NPOV can be difficult to implement, just look at the debate and page history for the Computer_and_video_games_that_have_been_considered_the_greatest_ever you mentioned on my talk page. For example, in my version (the original,) I cited several games.  I made a particluar effort to avoid games that I personally thought worthy of the list, even though the article was probably still biased towards console games and RPGs in general.  Other people developed this into an article, in fact, I can't call it "my article" at all.  Also, see Films that have been considered the greatest ever.  You (Talk) 17:55, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

re: what is this?
It's a series infobox I think. If you want to make one for a series of articles, go ahead. I made Template:SaGa series, which I had no idea how to make one except for copying the format of Template:FinalFantasy series and changing the links to SaGa articles. If each alien race has its own article, than I'm sure that would be a great navigational tool. Just look at a few templates, find one with a format you think would work, copy and paste it into a new article called something like Template:Star trek races. Then, if you put   at the bottom of each article that the template links to, you'll have one. Just be absolutely sure to preview your template a few times to make sure you get it right before you save it. You (Talk) 23:39, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

History of Painting
 I noticed you called it a very important topic. So I was wondering if you could vote for it. Falphin 15:01, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

re: spliting up wikipedia
I really don't think so. While Wikipedia IS huge, Wikipedia is not paper. The whole idea of it is to write an encylopedia, biographies and geographical articles would be found in a traditional encylopedia. You (Talk) July 6, 2005 21:46 (UTC)

Image:Russian_white_house.jpg
You didn't provide source and license information with this image, I've marked it as nosource. These images are currently being deleted, so you should update it with source information if you can. --Gmaxwell 11:19, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:GregLoutsenko


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Wikipedia:Credibility

Wikipedia's credibility has improved during its lifetime. Wikipedia allows anyone to edit its contents and this can undermine its credibility. An illustrious professor could post content and a "troll" or uninformed individual could easily overwrite it, with or without a malicious agenda. Wikipedia addresses this concern with internal, continuous review of new edits.

Encyclopedia editors also examine accuracy in the entry Reliability of Wikipedia, compiling the results of international third-party assessments across various disciplines. The consensus: the encyclopedia is as accurate as other encyclopedias. And as Cathy Davidson, Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies at Duke University, pointed out in "We Can't Ignore the Influence of Digital Technologies" (Chronicle of Higher Education, March 23, 2007), unlike comparable print sources, Wikipedia errors can be corrected and often are in a matter of hours after publication.

A quote from a book, even by a supposed highly respected source, can be meaningless. A great many legitimate writers refer to things as they see or believe them to be. If called upon, they can properly say it was a minor reference, based on the best available information at the time, and said without malice. Encyclopedias only quote these opinions or references if they were documented with proofs and a minimum of one other verifiable supporting source for that documentation.

Numerous problems remain, including that of Disinformation by those who edit with an agenda.

The question of Wikipedia credibility has been raised by a number of sources. A September 8, 2004 Washington Post article included the following:

 * Jorge Cauz, president of Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., conceded that at its best, some Wikipedia entries reflect the collective wisdom of many contributors. He also stated: "The problem with an effort like that is that at other times, it may reflect just the wisdom -- or lack of wisdom -- of the last contributor."

 * Wales (Jimmy Wales) conceded that Wikipedia's quality may not be up to the level of Britannica. He also stated that the 236-year-old encyclopedia "had better watch out". Wikipedia is proposing to implement editorial controls soon that Wales thinks will put it on par with Britannica.

 * "That kind of quality is important, and we do believe we can reach that kind of quality within a year," he (Wales) said. Within a few weeks, Wales plans to propose a review process that would essentially allow certain articles to be flagged as "Stable versions" so they could be included in print or CD-ROM versions. The way Wikipedia works now, anything can be edited almost endlessly. Editing could continue, but a new layer would be added that identified certain entry versions as attaining an editorial standard.

A dozen years later, Britannica had stopped printing. Wikipedia had grown much bigger. "Stable versions" had not become important, but the community had developed more complex processes and structures. It was attracting academic attention as a subject of study.

In 2014, Pending changes was implemented to stabilize a few articles.

et:Vikipeedia:Usaldusväärsuse tagamine

title: Wikipedia:Credibility


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The High and the Mighty

The High and the Mighty may refer to:

 * The High and the Mighty (novel), a novel by Ernest K. Gann
 * The High and the Mighty (film), a film based on the novel
 * "The High and the Mighty" (1954 song), a song from the film
 * The High and the Mighty (album), an album by Donnie Iris
 * "The High and the Mighty" (Donnie Iris song), a song from the album
 * The High & Mighty, a Philadelphia hip-hop group
 * The High and the Mighty (1958 album), an album by Lionel Hampton

title: The High and the Mighty


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User talk:RachaelRocker

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You 20:45, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:RachaelRocker


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Jan Heintze

Jan Heintze (born 17 August 1963) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a left-sided defensive midfielder and defender. He ended his career in the Netherlands with PSV Eindhoven, where he was a part of the PSV team which won the 1988 European Cup. He played 86 matches for the Denmark national team in the course of 15 years, playing four international tournaments with the team, which he captained in his last two years before he retired in 2003.

Club career
Born in Tårnby, he started playing for his hometown club Tårnby Boldklub. He had a short spell in the youth team of Københavns boldklub (KB) alongside future national team player Michael Laudrup, but Heintze quickly moved on to play for the senior side of Kastrup Boldklub in January 1981, then in the top-flight Danish 1st Division. However, the team was relegated, and though he had offers from foreign clubs, the 17-year-old Heintze stayed at Kastrup, on orders of his mother.

He was bought by PSV in 1982 as a left winger, in which position he had been most successful in his first years at Kastrup Boldklub. Once at PSV, he was re-schooled as a defender, using his aggressiveness to charge up and down the sideline, and following a first season of few matches, he commanded the left back position in his second year, and made it his own. He won six Dutch Eredivisie league titles and a European Cup with the club, which at times counted three other Danes, Frank Arnesen, Søren Lerby and Ivan Nielsen, before the club hired coach Aad de Mos, who did not want him in the team. Heintze went to Germany to play for Bundesliga relegation battlers Bayer Uerdingen in 1994, and when the team was relegated in 1996, he went on to Bayer Leverkusen under coach Christoph Daum, with whom he finished in the Bundesliga top-three for three years in a row. Heintze returned to finish his career at PSV in 1999, with his old team mate Eric Gerets the head coach. Approaching 40, Heintze was looking to help the young Wilfred Bouma into the team as new left back, while using his experience to provide stability in the defense. He won another three Dutch championship titles before retiring in 2003.

International career
Heintze made his Denmark debut on 29 April 1987 in a Euro 1988 qualifying match, a 1–0 win over Finland, and he played all three matches at the final Euro 1988 tournament, though Denmark lost them all. At the final qualification match for the Euro 1992 against Yugoslavia on 1 May 1991, Heintze's then club, PSV, wanted him to stay home to play an important match for PSV, but he decided to travel with the Denmark team. Once at the Denmark camp, Heintze learned that national coach Richard Møller Nielsen did not intend to start with him in the game, and after consulting PSV, who still wanted him to play, Heintze decided to go back to the Netherlands, without the knowledge of Møller Nielsen. Back in Eindhoven, Heintze found out he wasn't eligible for the PSV match since he had been written off to play for Denmark. Heintze would see the PSV game from the sideline, and as a punishment for leaving the national team, he received a one-year ban from the national team by Møller Nielsen. As the ban expired before the Euro 1992, Heintze was once more called up, but an injury kept him from re-entering the team. Thus, he missed Denmark's later victory in Euro 1992, following Yugoslavia's exclusion from the tournament due to the Yugoslav wars. He played a further four matches under Møller Nielsen, before his national team career went on hiatus.

When Denmark hired new coach Bo Johansson in 1996, Heintze was once more called up for Denmark, and he played in the 1998 FIFA World Cup and Euro 2000 tournaments. Following the international retirement of Peter Schmeichel in April 2001, Heintze captained his country at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, under new Denmark coach Morten Olsen. At the 2002 World Cup in South Korea and Japan, Heintze was suffering in the heat, and after being substituted after the second match of the tournament, Heintze watched the last two games from the bench, before Denmark was eliminated. He ended his national career following the competition, 38 years of age, though he continued to play another season for PSV.

In a Euro 2000 qualifying match against Belarus on 5 June 1999 he scored a memorable goal, directly from a corner kick.

Personal life
Jan Heintze lives in the Netherlands, in Nuenen.

Honours
PSV Eindhoven
 * Eredivisie (9): 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03
 * KNVB Cup: 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90
 * Johan Cruijff-schaal: 1992, 2000, 2001
 * European Cup: 1987–88

Biography

 * Jan Heintze, "Tyve år på toppen" (Twenty years at the top), Denmark, 2002, ISBN 87-7714-459-7

title: Jan Heintze


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Cost of carry

The cost of carry or carrying charge is the cost of holding a security or a physical commodity over a period of time. The carrying charge includes insurance, storage and interest on the invested funds as well as other incidental costs. In interest rate futures markets, it refers to the differential between the yield on a cash instrument and the cost of the funds necessary to buy the instrument.

If long, the cost of carry is the cost of interest paid on a margin account. Conversely, if short, the cost of carry is the cost of paying dividends, or rather the opportunity cost; the cost of purchasing a particular security rather than an alternative. For most investments, the cost of carry generally refers to the risk-free interest rate that could be earned by investing currency in a theoretically safe investment vehicle such as a money market account minus any future cash flows that are expected from holding an equivalent instrument with the same risk (generally expressed in percentage terms and called the convenience yield). Storage costs (generally expressed as a percentage of the spot price) should be added to the cost of carry for physical commodities such as corn, wheat, or gold.

Formula
The cost of carry model expresses the forward price (or, as an approximation, the futures price) as a function of the spot price and the cost of carry.

 * $$F = S e^{(r+s-c)t}\,$$

where
 * $$ F $$ is the forward price,
 * $$ S $$ is the spot price,
 * $$ e $$ is the base of the natural logarithms,
 * $$ r $$ is the risk-free interest rate,
 * $$ s $$ is the storage cost,
 * $$ c $$ is the convenience yield, and
 * $$ t $$ is the time to delivery of the forward contract (expressed as a fraction of 1 year).

The same model in currency markets is known as interest rate parity.

For example, a US investor buying a Standard and Poor's 500 e-mini futures contract on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange could expect the cost of carry to be the prevailing risk-free interest rate (around 5% as of November, 2007) minus the expected dividends that one could earn from buying each of the stocks in the S&P 500 and receiving any dividends that they might pay, since the e-mini futures contract is a proxy for the underlying stocks in the S&P 500. Since the contract is a futures contract and settles at some forward date, the actual values of the dividends may not yet be known so the cost of carry must be estimated.

title: Cost of carry


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Detroit Area Library Network

The Detroit Area Library Network (DALNET) is a multi-type library consortium located on the campus of Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, United States. The consortium is open to academic, public, school and special libraries as well as information organizations located in southeast Michigan. DALNET member organizations agree to participate in some or all consortium ventures and remain committed to resource sharing. Most DALNET members participate in using the shared library systems of the consortium.

Hosted at Wayne State University since 1985, DALNET enables libraries to maximize their investments through shared resources. For over three decades the consortium has helped member libraries to serve the information needs of their users through innovative, collaborative networking among various types of libraries and their personnel.

title: Detroit Area Library Network


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Category:Extinct dog breeds

Extinct dog breeds is a compilation of dog breeds (and landraces) that have become extinct.

title: Category:Extinct dog breeds


text: User talk:83.118.77.141

title: User talk:83.118.77.141