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Bellarine Peninsula

The Bellarine Peninsula (Wadawurrung: Balla-wein or Biteyong) is a peninsula located south-west of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia, surrounded by Port Phillip, Corio Bay and Bass Strait. The peninsula, together with the Mornington Peninsula, separates Port Phillip Bay from Bass Strait. The peninsula itself was originally occupied by Indigenous Australian clans of the Wadawurrung nation, prior to European settlement in the early 19th century. Early European settlements were initially centred on wheat and grain agriculture, before the area became a popular tourist destination with most visitors arriving by paddle steamer on Port Phillip in the late 19th century.

Today, approximately 70,000 people live on the Bellarine, and this population doubles at peak periods during summer. The peninsula is a growing tourist region with a variety of beaches and seaside resorts and wineries; most of the peninsula is a part of the City of Greater Geelong.

History
The area of Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula was originally occupied by Indigenous Australian clans of the Wadawurrung nation, prior to European settlement in the early 19th century. This area was a favourite and extensive camping place for the Wadawurrung people. One Wadawurrung name for the area is 'Balla-wein' which refers to 'balla' meaning 'elbow' or 'reclining at the elbow'. The convict William Buckley escaped from the Sullivan Bay settlement in 1803, and lived among the Wadawurrung people for 32 years on the Bellarine Peninsula. In 1835, John Batman used Indented Head as his base camp, leaving behind several employees whilst he returned to Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land) for more supplies and his family. In this same year, Buckley surrendered to the party led by John Helder Wedge and was later pardoned by Lieutenant-Governor Sir George Arthur, and subsequently given the position of interpreter to the natives.

By the 1850s, the peninsula was known as ‘the granary of the colony’ and Portarlington became a major player in the wheat industry. Transport was by sea on Port Phillip Bay due to the poor roads. By the 1870s, excursion traffic to the peninsula commenced, with tourists travelling from Melbourne by paddle steamers to enjoy fishing and swimming by the bay, with the coastal towns being major holiday resorts. In 1879, one of the first branch railways was built in Victoria, from South Geelong station to Drysdale and Queenscliff. Encouraging the growth in agricultural production and leading to the decline in the bay steamer traffic to towns along the way, the line did not close until 1976.

In recent years, with improved roads, the peninsula has become popular with people employed in Geelong, with population growth in towns such as Leopold, Drysdale and Ocean Grove. The Seachange demographic phenomenon has also led to increased growth. Ironically, the Australian TV series SeaChange was filmed at various locations on the peninsula, particularly at Barwon Heads, which helped promote tourism on the peninsula. The peninsula is showing signs of environmental consciousness and attitudes towards sustainability, much the same as the Mornington Peninsula.

Geography

The Bellarine Peninsula is a gently to moderately undulating landform that protrudes in an east and north-easterly direction into Port Phillip. The peninsula is generally considered to begin its protrusion between the town of Torquay and east of Geelong. It is surrounded by Corio Bay and the Outer Harbour to the north, Port Phillip to the north-east and east, The Rip to the south-east and Bass Strait to the south.

The peninsula's eastern regions host several bays and islands such as The Rip, Lonsdale Bay, Swan Bay, Swan Island, Rabbit Island and various other small islands. The central and north-eastern regions host a gently undulating topography with no major rivers, mountains or significant landforms. The most distinct feature in the western region of the peninsula is the Barwon River which flows through a series of large lakes and extensive wetlands before emptying into Bass Strait at Barwon Heads.

Geology
The uplifted block of the Bellarine Peninsula forms a very weakly dissected undulating plain of low elevation, less than 150m. Drainage from the remnant basalts of the Palaeogene Older Volcanics forms a vaguely radial pattern on the elevated plateau. A narrow strip of deeply weathered Cretaceous Otway Group rocks occurs in outcrop along the southern edge of the Curlewis Monocline, which forms the northern boundary of the peninsula. Landslides and narrow gullies have formed along the northern edge of the monocline. A sheet of marine sands of Late Neogene age covers the southern portion of the uplifted Bellarine block.

The majority of soils on the peninsula consist of grey-brown sedimentary sandy loams, overlaying medium to heavy textured clay. The Bellarine Hills are a significant variation with heavy black self mulching clay loams being well suited to intensive crop production. Mining of shell grit for glass making was an important industry on the shores of Swan Bay.

Flora and fauna
Much of the native vegetation throughout the peninsula has been cleared for agriculture, notable exceptions being areas of land around Swan Bay, parklands in Portarlington, coastal areas along the Barwon Coast and some small remnant pockets around the Barwon River lakes and wetlands, many of these last remaining areas are protected or included in parklands. The largest area of original native woodland vegetation remaining on the Peninsula lies in the 143 hectare Ocean Grove Nature Reserve.

The peninsula contains several significant wetlands, many of which form part of the Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site and are of international significance for the protection of waterbirds and the critically endangered orange-bellied parrot. They are also recognised by BirdLife International in the Bellarine Wetlands and Swan Bay and Port Phillip Bay Islands Important Bird Areas.

Brushtail and Ringtail Possums (Wadawurrung: 'Walert' for Brushtail and 'Barnong' for Ringtail) are endemic to the region and live within the Townships, Swamp Wallabies also live in the Ocean Grove Nature Reserve.

Marine mammals visit here include whales (southern right and southern humpback ), endemic Burrunan dolphins, Australian fur seals and Australian sea lions.

Demographics
The peninsula is covered by two local government areas with a population of approximately 70,000. 35 per cent of residents on the Bellarine are aged sixty years or older, which is significantly higher than the national average of 23 per cent.

The Borough of Queenscliffe, situated on the peninsula, is the last remaining borough left in Victoria, and was the only local government area not changed in the mass Victorian municipality reorganisation of 1993 enacted by then Liberal Premier Jeff Kennett. The remainder of the peninsula is part of the City of Greater Geelong, having been part of the Rural City of Bellarine before this time. The peninsula is also one of the parishes of the County of Grant, one of the Cadastral divisions of Australia.

Shipwrecks

Some of the more significant and historical shipwrecks include;
 * Earl of Charlemont - sunk off the coast of Barwon Heads in (1853)
 * Mountain Maid - sunk off Swan Island after a collision with the SS Queen (1856)
 * Ozone - scuttled off Indented Head (1925)
 * HMAS J3 - scuttled in Swan Bay (1926)

Transport

 * Road: The Bellarine Highway is the major road link, running east from Geelong though the middle of the peninsula to Queenscliff. The Geelong-Portarlington Road is an important road link to the northern peninsula towns of Curlewis, Drysdale, Clifton Springs, and the newly built Drysdale Bypass continues on to St Leonards, Indented Head and Portarlington. Grubb Road runs north-south across the peninsula, linking Drysdale and Ocean Grove.
 * Ferry: Port Phillip Ferries have run a twice-daily fast passenger service from Portarlington to Docklands since 2016. Searoad Ferries operates a roll on/roll off vehicle ferry service from Queenscliff on the Bellarine to Sorrento on the Mornington Peninsula and has done so since 1987.

 * Bus: The Bellarine Transit System operated by McHarry's Buslines provides bus-based public transport to towns on the peninsula.

 * Train: The Queenscliff railway is no longer operational for commuter services, however the Bellarine Railway operates tourist services between Drysdale and Queenscliff on the former Victorian Railways line. Alongside it runs the Bellarine Rail Trail, which continues into Geelong.
 * Bicycle: The Bellarine Rail Trail runs from South Geelong station to Queenscliff and is a combination of sealed and well-made gravel surfaces. The distance is 32 km. There is much road cycling on the Bellarine, with some of the roads having dedicated bike lanes.

Utilities

Black Rock on the southern coast (near Breamlea) is the location of the main ocean outfall for Geelong's sewage. Opened in 1915, initially the sewage was left untreated before being discharged into the ocean. A primary filtration system was installed in the 1970s, and in the 1980s the current plant was built with an upgraded filtration system, along with a 1.2 kilometre long ocean outfall. The plant was upgraded in 1997, with secondary filtration introduced, and a pipeline installed to transport recycled water to the flower farm at Torquay.

A 60 kW capacity wind generator is located on Black Rock Road in Breamlea. Erected in November 1987 by the then State Electricity Commission of Victoria and the Victorian Solar Energy Council (now Energy Victoria) as a demonstration, it was sold in 1994 to the Alternative Technology Association of Melbourne. Electricity production ceased at 1200hrs on 17 May 2003 due to an electrical generator burn-out, caused by moisture, salt, and electrical flash-over. The wind generator remains in place today intact.

title: Bellarine Peninsula


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Talk:Commonwealth of Massachussets

From WP:RfD:

 * Commonwealth of Massachussets → Massachusetts : Bad spelling of Massachusetts, and no links to it. Ubermonkey 17:56, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, but it's a reasonably likely misspelling. We should have Massachussets, Massachussetts, etc, too (and Comm of for all these) too. Noel (talk) 06:36, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Both of your examples have several links to them (and so should be kept), but mine does not. Wouldn't seeing a red link at Commonwealth of Massachussets encourage the linker to find a correct spelling?  Ubermonkey 21:49, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, people search using close typos all the time. -Sean Curtin 00:02, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks! -- User:Docu

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Commonwealth of Massachussets


text:
Category:Battles by war

This category organizes battles by the war or other conflict during which they occurred. Please see the category guidelines for more information.

title: Category:Battles by war


text:
User:SergeLéonard~enwiki

French page

title: User:SergeLéonard~enwiki


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Chad Campbell

David Chad Campbell (born May 31, 1974) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour, where he has won four times. He also notably finished as a runner-up at the 2009 Masters, after losing in a sudden-death playoff.

Early years and amateur career
Campbell was born in Andrews, Texas and grew up in west Texas. He was a member of a strong junior college men's golf squad during the years (1992–94) he played at Midland College. He was the conference medalist in 1993, the year that the MC team dominated the Western Junior College Athletic Conference (WJCAC) and won the regional title. In 1994, the Chaps repeated as WJCAC champions and finished second in the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) championship. That year, Campbell was WJCAC medalist, Region V Tournament medalist and the NJCAA Tournament medalist runner-up. In 1994, he was named an NJCAA All-American. He was listed as the number one player in the final NJCAA national poll. After two years at MC, he won a scholarship and transferred to the University of Nevada-Las Vegas (UNLV). He turned professional in 1996.

Professional career
Prior to 2000, Campbell played on the third-tier NGA Hooters Tour, where he won 13 tournaments and was the leading money winner three times. Campbell left the tour as the career leader in wins and earnings. In 2001, he played on the second-tier Buy.com Tour, now known as the Korn Ferry Tour, where he earned a "battlefield promotion," winning three tournaments to earn promotion to the elite PGA Tour part way through the season.

In 2003, Campbell won The Tour Championship, was runner-up to surprise winner Shaun Micheel at the PGA Championship, and finished seventh on the PGA Tour money list. He claimed a second PGA Tour win in 2004 and made a strong start to 2006, winning the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic and topping the money list for a short time early in the season. He won his fourth PGA Tour title by one stroke at the 2007 Viking Classic.

Campbell finished as a runner-up at the 2009 Masters, after losing in a three man sudden-death playoff, involving Ángel Cabrera and Kenny Perry. The three players had finished regulation play at 12-under par. At the first extra hole, Campbell hit his second shot from the middle of the fairway but found the greenside bunker. He played out of the bunker to four feet past the hole, but missed the par putt and was eliminated, as both Cabrera and Perry made pars. Earlier in the week, Campbell had made the best start to a Masters Tournament, after making five birdies in the first five holes.

Campbell featured in the top 10 of the Official World Golf Ranking briefly in 2004.

Campbell played the 2013–14 season with conditional status, but failed to graduate from the Web.com Tour finals. He used a career money list exemption for 2014–15 and retained exempt status the following year.

PGA Tour wins (4)
PGA Tour playoff record (0–2)

Playoff record
Other playoff record (0–2)

Results in major championships
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" = tied for place

Summary

 * Most consecutive cuts made – 3 (three times)
 * Longest streak of top-10s – 1 (four times)

Results in The Players Championship
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the halfway cut "T" indicates a tie for a place

Results in World Golf Championships
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play "T" = tied Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.

PGA Tour career summary
* Complete through the 2020 season.

U.S. national team appearances
Professional
 * Ryder Cup: 2004, 2006, 2008 (winners)

title: Chad Campbell


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Systemwars.com

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 06:02, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Systemwars.com

 * Non-notable forum with under 900 members. WP:NOT a directory and all that. FCYTravis 05:08, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The forum in question is quite active and has a steadily growing user base. In addition it is linked to a large and growing gaming website that may soon join the mainsteam. I vote to keep it. 05:22, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)Gateman1997

 * "May" join the mainstream. When it does, give us a call.  Until then, delete.  --Xcali 05:24, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - I agree, Wikipedia is not a crystal ball, you can't base an argument on what something may become. --Sysop073 05:26, 2005 Jun 12 (UTC)

 * Why should that matter to you is my question? It's up and coming, why does it have to "be here" for it to be eligible, they just forbid outright crystal balling, which this isn't. We have a board that has 900 member and 350,000 posts... that's quite a bit. 05:27, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)Gateman1997
 * Comment - Because WP:NOT a Web directory. There are a near-infinite number of Web fora, the vast majority of which have done nothing to become encyclopedic. Secondly, it's your POV that the site is "up and coming" - there are no facts to suggest this. All we can go by is members and Google hits, of which there are 249. Heck, I've got more Google results than that and I'm definitely non-notable. --FCYTravis 05:34, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Well you are definitely entitled to your opinion on what are measures of "up and coming". Google hits have nothing to do with board traffic, second I would rate it by post count... of which it has a large amount. Alot more then comparable boards at for instance Gamespot which appeared worthy of an entry. ... added at 05:39, 2005 Jun 12 by Gateman1997

 * Keep - I believe that this site has as much merit for being on Wikipedia as similar gaming websites like IGN, Gamespot, GameFAQ, etc... do. 05:53, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC) Bosrs1
 * Comment: This is the only contribution of this user to WP. -- Hoary 05:58, 2005 Jun 12 (UTC)
 * The article lists "prominent members" including one "Gateman1997". Delete as sock-puppet-supported vanity. -- Hoary 05:58, 2005 Jun 12 (UTC)
 * Comment - Creator has posted on the forum in question, encouraging sockpuppetry - . Quote from Gateman1997: "What's more important is their trying to delete it... We should try and stop those fuckers." --FCYTravis 06:02, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, that's rich. Prepare for sockpuppet invasion. Delete, non-notable forumcruft. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  06:05, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: They seems to be spending more time arguing about who should be mentioned in the article and attacking FCYTravis than anything else. I'm not particularly worried.  If they do somehow manage to get their act together, it'll be an annoyance, nothing more.  I've got a clothes dryer that likes to make socks disappear.  --Xcali 07:56, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Yes, rather amusing, that. I wandered over to make a polite reminder and all hell broke loose. I did enjoy their banter about who should be listed under what in the article. Oh, and they called me an "uber nerd" when the entire point of the forum seems to be to debate which video game console is leeter than the rest. Pretty much says it all about the forum and the article. --FCYTravis 08:06, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete website advertising. JamesBurns 06:04, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete but watching page as I load my guns for sock puppet invasion... Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 06:14, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonnotable. mikka (t) 08:19, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable -CunningLinguist 09:04, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as advertising. Mgm|(talk) 10:17, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non notable ad. Spotteddogsdotorg 14:19, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete: I don't care if it joins the mainstream or joins the Oprah Book Club: Wikipedia is not a web guide.  Geogre 15:05, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for reasons mentioned. Shiri — Talk 16:49, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete others said what I think. ConeyCyclone 17:35, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non notable, ad. carmeld1 02:51, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Just like to point out that this article does not meet the wikipedia definition of "ad" which I will include below: "Advertising. Articles about companies and products are fine if they are written in an objective and unbiased style. Further all article topics must be third-party verifiable, so articles about very small "garage" companies are not likely to be acceptable. External links to commercial organizations are acceptable if they can serve to identify major corporations associated with a topic (see finishing school for an example). Please note Wikipedia does not endorse any businesses and it does not set up affiliate programs." As you can plainly see this article does not violate that rule.17:39, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)Gateman1997
 * Delete. Non-notable. Quale 21:10, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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St Ives Bridge

St Ives Bridge is a 15th-century bridge crossing the River Great Ouse in St Ives, Cambridgeshire, England. It is noted for being one of only four bridges in England to incorporate a chapel (the others being at Rotherham, Wakefield, and Bradford-on-Avon).

History
Prior to the first bridge here there was a ford across the Ouse, probably dating back several thousand years. The river was at that time wider and shallower until locks were added to make it navigable.

The St Ives settlement was developed by the monks of Ramsey Abbey who built the town's first bridge, a wooden structure, in 1107. In 1414 it was decided to replace this bridge with a stone arch bridge, which was completed in 1425, adding the bridge chapel dedicated to St Leger in 1426.

Such chapels were relatively common in medieval times and served as toll-houses, as well as to allow travellers to pray or to give thanks for a safe journey. They also hosted church services.

During the English Civil War the bridge was partially blown up by the troops of Oliver Cromwell to prevent King Charles I's troops approaching London from the Royalist base in Lincolnshire. The two arches on the southern side were demolished and a drawbridge installed in 1645 as a defensive measure by Cromwell's forces, who held the town. The drawbridge remained in use until 1716. When the bridge was partially rebuilt that year, the shape of the new arches was different from the surviving ones, leaving the bridge with two rounded arches on its South side and two Gothic arches on the North.

At some point, the bridge chapel fell into disuse and was for a time used as a bawdy house during the eighteenth century. St Ives was an official last stop of all the many drovers with their livestock, who descended upon St Ives for accommodation, refreshments and other relief, during what was a tiring journey to Smithfield market within London. At one time there were dozens of doss houses, inns and other bawdy houses, in and around St Ives town centre. The chapel was restored in 1930, having previously served as a toll house, inn and as a private residence. It had been designed as a chapel, though, and dedicated by the monks to Saint Leger. By 1736 it was being used as accommodation, and in that year two extra floors were added. During the 1850s and 1860s it was turned into a notorious public house named "Little Hell", then a doctor's surgery. By 1930 the structure was found to be weakened so the extra stories were removed and the chapel restored. As a result, the roof is modern. An unusual feature is the crypt, about two metres above the river's water level. The bridge and the chapel are now Grade I listed and a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The chapel is still used for public worship on an occasional basis.

The bridge served as the primary southern entrance to the town and the only road bridge across the river until Harrison Way by-pass was added down-river to the east in 1980.

Preservation
The bridge is one of nine Scheduled Ancient Monument Grade 1 in Cambridgeshire. All maintenance must be carried out in a sympathetic manner to preserve its aesthetic and functional aspects. Since 1980 the foundations have been strengthened and the structure reinforced. In 1998 the bridge was resurfaced, special precautions being taken to prevent water ingress into the structure. In 2002, external lighting of the arches and chapel was fitted, along with internal lighting of the chapel and lights fitted into the pedestrian refuges at each pier. English Heritage control all work on the bridge, although it is not one of the properties in Cambridgeshire that they own.

1976
A gravel lorry breached the parapet. St Ives sub-aqua club recovered the stones from the river-bed. George Hunter from Huntington was one of the local tradesman assigned to restore the chapel after this event. All tradesmen who worked on the project have details engraved on the stones that rebuilt the bridge chapel.

1947
During the big flood this year an amphibious tank breached the parapet.

1941
A Home Guard Bren gun carrier breached the parapet.

title: St Ives Bridge


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Wiregrass (region)

The Wiregrass region, also known as the Wiregrass plains or Wiregrass country, is an area of the Southern United States encompassing parts of southern Georgia, southeastern Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle. The region is named for the native Aristida stricta, commonly known as wiregrass due to its texture.

History
Ancestors of the Creek Nation were the first humans in the Wiregrass region and retained control of the area until they were forced to cede most of the territory to the United States in the 1814 Treaty of Fort Jackson. The first white settlers were cattle drovers who took advantage of the wiregrass sprouting earlier than other fodder to feed their semi-wild herds.

Geography
Originally, the wiregrass region touched twenty-three counties from Savannah to the Chattahoochee River. The current region stretches approximately from just below Macon, Georgia and follows the Fall Line west to Montgomery, Alabama. From there it turns south and runs to approximately Washington County, Florida in the northern panhandle. From there it runs east, roughly making its southern boundary along Interstate 10 to Lake City, Florida. From there it turns north, roughly following the Suwannee River back into Georgia and along the western fringes of the Okefenokee Swamp. From here it runs due north back to Macon.

Major highways
Interstate 75, Interstate 10, U.S. Route 231, U.S. Route 331, and portions of Interstate 65 traverse parts of the Wiregrass. The portion of U.S. Route 84 through Georgia is known as the Wiregrass Georgia Parkway.

Major cities
Major cities in the region include:

 * Abbeville, Alabama
 * Abbeville, Georgia
 * Andalusia, Alabama
 * Albany, Georgia
 * Americus, Georgia
 * Bainbridge, Georgia
 * Baxley, Georgia
 * Brundidge, Alabama
 * Cordele, Georgia
 * Daleville, Alabama
 * Donalsonville, Georgia
 * Dothan, Alabama
 * Douglas, Georgia
 * Enterprise, Alabama
 * Eufaula, Alabama
 * Fitzgerald, Georgia
 * Geneva, Alabama
 * Homerville, Georgia
 * Jasper, Florida
 * Lake City, Florida
 * Live Oak, Florida
 * Luverne, Alabama
 * Madison, Florida
 * Monticello, Florida
 * Marianna, Florida
 * Moultrie, Georgia
 * Nashville, Georgia
 * Ocilla, Georgia
 * Opp, Alabama
 * Ozark, Alabama
 * Panama City, Florida
 * Perry, Florida
 * Tallahassee, Florida
 * Thomasville, Georgia
 * Tifton, Georgia
 * Troy, Alabama
 * Valdosta, Georgia
 * Waycross, Georgia
 * White Springs, Florida

Military bases
The region includes Fort Novosel, a U.S. Army post located mostly in Dale County, Alabama. The post is the primary flight training base for Army Aviation and is home to the United States Army Aviation Center of Excellence (USAACE) and the United States Army Aviation Museum, as well as Moody Air Force Base located in Lowndes and Lanier County, Georgia. Moody AFB is the home of the 23rd Wing. The wing executes worldwide close air support, force protection, and combat search and rescue operations (CSAR) in support of humanitarian interests, United States national security and the global war on terrorism (GWOT).

Waterways
There are two major waterways in the region, and they bisect the Wiregrass, dividing it into three portions. The Chattahoochee River and the Flint River join to form the Apalachicola River, which flows south from Bainbridge, Georgia and Lake Seminole to the Gulf of Mexico at Apalachicola, Florida. Other waterways include Little Choctawhatchee River, Choctawhatchee River, and Choctawhatchee Bay.

Weather
Due to its proximity to the Gulf of Mexico, the Wiregrass region experiences high heat and humidity in the summers, and has mostly mild winters. The area is prone to hurricanes and tropical storms, most notably Hurricane Michael which highly impacted the area during its landfall in October 2018.

Representation in other media
Harper's Magazine published a poem by Charles Ghigna in September 1974 describing the Wiregrass Region; it is titled "The Alabama Wiregrassers."

title: Wiregrass (region)


text: Category:Tributaries of the River Great Ouse


text:
This Little Wiggy

"This Little Wiggy" is the eighteenth episode of the ninth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on March 22, 1998. It was written by Dan Greaney and directed by Neil Affleck. The episode sees Ralph Wiggum becoming friends with Bart. Phil Hartman guest stars as recurring character Troy McClure.

Plot
At a science museum the family is visiting, Bart runs into Ralph Wiggum, who is in the process of being pushed into a giant ear by Kearney, Jimbo, Nelson, and Dolph. When Ralph is freed by a museum employee, Marge and Chief Wiggum are there to meet him. Marge observes that Ralph has a vivid imagination and learns that he has no friends to play with; she arranges a play-date for Ralph to spend time with a horrified Bart, who fears that being seen with Ralph will damage his reputation.

During their play-date, Bart and Ralph walk into Ralph's father's closet, consisting of various police utilities and records before Wiggum, initially forbidding them to enter the closet, allows them to play with the items. Bart then sees Wiggum toss aside a police master key capable of opening any door in Springfield. Bart and Ralph thus steal the key and decide to enter several closed stores at night. After encountering Nelson and his gang, the boys go to a condemned penitentiary. When Ralph objects because he is afraid, the bullies leave, but not before tossing the key into the penitentiary. Ralph and Bart enter the prison to retrieve the key, and in the process stumble onto a room housing an old electric chair. After testing out the chair, the two flee when an elderly guard approaches.

At the Simpsons' home, Bart and Ralph discover that the penitentiary will once again be used by the town, and remember that they forgot to disable the power. Unaware that the power is now active, Mayor Quimby straps himself into the electric chair in a publicity attempt. After failing to call the penitentiary, Ralph then tells Bart that Lisa can probably figure out a way to warn the Mayor. She decides to launch a model rocket with a warning message attached and aims it toward the penitentiary. However, the rocket is blown off-course and crashes through Mr. Burns' office window. As Quimby is getting electrocuted by the chair, Mr. Burns reads the note and disables the penitentiary's power, barely saving Quimby from getting killed. In the aftermath, the Simpsons praise Ralph, and Lisa graciously lets him get the kudos for her achievement. As Ralph smiles, a leprechaun visible only to him tells him he did well, and then tells him it's time for him to burn down the Simpsons' house. Ralph keeps smiling and nods.

Production
Show runner Mike Scully had pitched an idea to Dan Greaney on Marge forcing Bart to become Ralph Wiggum's friend. Scully gave the idea to Greaney due to his ability to write Ralph's lines and actions well, and his overall liking of the character. This episode was the second to focus on Ralph, after the fourth-season episode "I Love Lisa". Despite this, in 2007, producer J. Stewart Burns did not believe Ralph had an episode with a plot centered on him.

The robot that was introduced early in the episode was influenced by Greaney's experiences working with a USA Today themed robot. While at a baseball game with the robot, the robot led the stadium in singing "Take Me Out to the Ball Game". The robot was not well-received, and the spectators threw objects at it. The robot's operator had to stay close to the robot during the baseball game, and was also teased and bothered in the same way as the operator in the episode. Episode director Neil Affleck was praised by the staff for his directing in this episode. In the scene where Chief Wiggum falls on his back in his bedroom, unable to roll over or get back up, Affleck decided to act out the scene for the staff to showcase how Affleck envisioned Chief Wiggum's predicament. Affleck was also praised for his ability to create three new elaborate settings in the episode: the science museum, the Springfield penitentiary, and the large toy store.

The episode originally did not involve Lisa helping Ralph and Bart to brainstorm an idea to alert the penitentiary. The original scene, which Greaney cites as one of his favorite scenes in the show, despite never actually being in the show, involved Bart, Ralph, and Homer trying to make a plan to save Mayor Quimby. This would also be the final episode to air that featured a character voiced by Phil Hartman was still alive.

Reception
In its original broadcast, "This Little Wiggy" finished 27th in ratings for the week of March 16–22, 1998, with a Nielsen rating of 9.1, equivalent to approximately 8.9 million viewing households. It was the second highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following Ally McBeal.

The authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, enjoyed the episode, remarking: "Marvellous fun as Bart comes to realize there's more to Ralph, or at least his daddy, than he realised."

title: This Little Wiggy


text:
Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder)

Andrew Reynolds (born June 6, 1978) is an American professional skateboarder known for co-founding Baker Skateboards in 2000 with artist Jay Strickland. He is now Baker Skateboard's sole owner. Reynolds established Bakerboys Distribution with Erik Ellington and Jim Greco in 2007. Bakerboys Distribution provides distribution for closely related in-house skateboard companies such as Deathwish Skateboards and Shake Junt. He is also the head of design at Altamont Apparel. Reynolds primarily skates street. He has been called one of the most influential skaters of all time.

Before going pro
After graduating high school in Lakeland, Reynolds moved to Huntington Beach, California with the hope of furthering his skate career. Around this time, he was heavily influenced by pro skaters Chad Muska and Tom Penny.

Reynolds emerged into the skateboarding scene in the early 1990s. Following a phone call from pro skater Tony Hawk, Reynolds joined Hawk's then-new skate team Birdhouse. Reynolds has stated that Hawk contacted Reynolds despite knowing little about Reynolds or his skating abilities. Reynolds explained in 2008:

"To me, that was such a trip when they told me, 'The ams [amateurs] on Birdhouse are gonna be you and Ocean Howell.' And I'm like, 'Me! And the guy, from the H. Street video with the Doors song and everything?!' I was like, 'Oh my god!' It's not even right. Some little kid from a hick town, and the other am is Ocean Howell? It's wrong. It just was so wrong. At first, when I met him I was just a fan. But then we became friends. He would get a girl at every demo almost and I'm just... amazed! I thought, 'Man, how does he do it? He's so cool.'"

Professional skateboarder and Emerica team manager Heath Kirchart revealed in 2007 that he perceived Reynolds as his competition, as Reynolds was recruited to Birdhouse after he joined the team. Kirchart further explained:

I don't tell many people this. But there was [a] point, I remember when [we] were filming The End when he kickflip noseslided the UCI ten-stair. I [thought], "Holy shit! Hopefully, I'll do that." And I didn't. But it was my coming to "Wow! He's better than me." And since that time it's been way better than me. He's not just better than me—he's way better than me.

In 1998, Reynolds was featured in the fourth Birdhouse video The End, with a section of his footage from the Bro Bowl in Tampa.

Baker
In 2000, Reynolds left Birdhouse and started the Baker brand with Jay Strickland; the company was named after a lifestyle in which a person "gets baked" (smokes and experiences the effects of the drug cannabis) and skateboards every day. In 2007, Reynolds provided a detailed account of the company's beginnings:

Well, I was living in Huntington, riding for Birdhouse. We just thought to ourselves, all these companies are really lame. Birdhouse doesn't promote piles, you know what I mean? Zero's not promoting what we're all about. We met up with Jay Strickland [and] we started telling him about our ideas. "We want do something. We want do a company." And we're like, "All of us, together." It was just a big mess. I went and talked to Tony [Hawk] and Per [Welinder]—"It's either [that] I quit and take a bunch of guys and do something, or you guys help me start a company"

The skateboard deck brand signed a distribution deal with Blitz Distribution, the company that, at the time, was distributing Birdhouse and other brands, such as Fury and Hook-Ups (Blitz had originally been formed by Per Welinder and Hawk to distribute their own products). As of 2008, the brand was the top-selling brand under the Blitz Distribution umbrella. Reynolds has publicly disclosed that all of the Baker team members, including himself, receive the same amount of remuneration: "I get paid the same as Braydon. Dustin tried to ask for more money one time…I had to tell him, like, everybody gets paid the same…there’s no favoritism."

The company then parted ways with Blitz and, in 2007, Reynolds and fellow professional skateboarders, Jim Greco and Erik Ellington, established Bakerboys Distribution to distribute the Deathwish brand. Baker's distribution was then newly managed by Bakerboys in 2011. As of July 2014, Bakerboys distributes seven brands, some of which are owned by past and current Baker riders.

Emerica
As of November 2018, Reynolds has released thirteen signature shoe models with skateboarding shoe company Emerica: The Reynolds 1, The Reynolds 2, The Reynolds 3, The Boss, The Reynolds Light, The AR Slim, Reynolds Cruisers, The Reynolds Classics, The Reynolds, The Reynolds low, the Reynolds Low Vulc, the Reynolds 3 G6 and the Reynolds G6.

In September 2019, Reynolds and Emerica announced they had parted ways.

Altamont Apparel
In collaboration with the creative direction of Reynolds, the head designer for the brand is English artist FOS, who is also the owner of the Heroin skateboard brand. As of October 2012, the brand's team includes Mike Watt, Brian Hansen, Neen Williams, Kenny Hoyle, Jon Dickson, Justin Figeroa, and Bryan Herman. Former riders have included Garrett Hill and Theotis Beasley, with a signature Beasley clothing line released in early 2012.

Sponsors
As of December 2022, Reynolds is sponsored by Baker Skateboards, New Balance, Spitfire Wheels, Brigada, Independent, Shake Junt, Stance.

"Madness"
Called "Madness" by Reynolds himself, he experiences a "condition" while skateboarding that has been perceived as a mild form of obsessive compulsive disorder, even though an official diagnosis has not been confirmed. In a 2007 episode of the online show "Epicly Later'd" the Vice YouTube channel depicted an example of the "Madness" while Reynolds was filming a trick in San Francisco, California.: "And he's gonna walk right up to the top and tap the wall three times. And then he comes and checks it [the area where the trick is being performed] again. He's gonna say, 'Lance, Beagle, Mike' ... ready? [Reynolds] 'Lance?' ... 'Beagle?' ... 'Mike?'

Reynolds explained in the Vice interview:

Like, before I go to bed at night, I go to the door, and I lock it ... nine times, but, like, three, three, three; three, three, three; three, three, three; and I do that ... three times. And, then, sometimes I'm layin' down, and I'm, like, "Did I do it?", and I go back. And then it's once I do that, then it has to be the nine, the whole thing—three, three, three, three, three, three—three time. And, then, if I messed up and did it, then I have to do that whole thing three times. You know what I mean?

As part of the DVD release of the Emerica video Stay Gold, a bonus section on the "Madness" was included. While watching footage of his pre-trick behaviour, Reynolds states, "I don't know what I'm doing right here. Ha ha. I don't know. Like, if you would've told me if someone would've told me, 'You rolled up, without trying a noseslide, twenty times, or thirty times, I woulda said, "Nuh. You're wrong." Professional skateboarder and teammate Jerry Hsu explained in the same video:

Well, lately, he's been really into being healthy and exercising. I'm rooming with him right now, and it's like we're in a gym; the room is like a gym, where he's just constantly eating bananas and only healthy stuff. He's stretching all the time and it's only to get tricks, that's what he says. He's just like, "I just gotta do whatever I can to get tricks." Do everything he possibly can to do it just the way he pictured it. He's totally obsessive about it and it's really rad; I like it.

Skateboarding influences
In an interview for the online series "Free Lunch", produced by RIDE Channel, Reynolds stated about Hawk:

... and then Tony's just, like, Tony Hawk. Basically, to me, it says, "You can be a skater and take over everything and use skateboarding to be a businessman, a role model to young people." He's just the best. And he called my house when I was fifteen, and [asked] "Do you wanna do something with us?", not knowing anything about me. Yeah, Tony's the man. Sure, he's the best.

In 2012, Reynolds recruited Hawk's son Riley Hawk for Baker and explained the process in an online interview:

... I [thought], "it's kinda touchy, you know what I mean, like?" It's kind of weird, you know? Tony's kid, he rides for Birdhouse. But I look at it [and] I picture him on Baker, you know what I mean? So we just approached Tony [and said] "We want to talk to Riley about maybe getting [him] some Baker boards or something like that." And Tony's like, "Man, he's rippin'. He's nineteen years old. It's really up to him. You guys talk to him." So we just kind of said, "You wanna get some boards?" He's like, "I'm down, man!" And [the way] I look at it, there would be no Baker without Tony and Birdhouse. I know it's an ongoing process, you know? Tony quits to start Birdhouse. I quit to start Baker. My guys quit to start a new brand. It's just an ongoing thing.

On Mark Gonzales, Reynolds has stated:

Gonz is the most influential skater of all time, no question. Mark Gonzales created how to street skate, doing handrails and things that no one has ever done. When people were doing a boardslide on the rail and thought that was super crazy, he was doing 180 nosegrinds and 180 fakie 50-50s. The best and most technical skater today doing the hardest tricks beyond what anyone could think of is not doing what Gonz was doing then. It’s just not the same.

Reynolds has also been a vocal supporter of Flip professional skateboarder Tom Penny and stated in a 2009 article, entitled The Church of Tom Penny:

The switch flip. It’s unexplainable. That whole thing is just like the Penny package. It’s like a display. Not many people have got kickflip, frontside flip, switch frontside flip and switch flip all looking exactly the same. It wasn’t even really that common to do tricks over handrails at that point. He just killed it.

Influence
In December 2011, Reynolds was identified as the tenth most influential skateboarder of all time by Transworld Skateboarding magazine.

Professional skateboarder, friend, and teammate Braydon Szafranski has stated, "You're a complete fucking moron if you don't think that Andrew is the best skater in the world. Every single day he does tricks that I've never seen him do, and I've known him, like, six years." Professional skateboarder, teammate, artist, and company owner Ed Templeton has stated: "I don't know how he does it. I don't know how he jumps down the stuff he jumps down, year after year, and, and, still be like ... I don't know—to me, it's shocking. He's been number one for so long, that it's mind-blowing at this point." Emerica teammate Jerry Hsu has also expressed his admiration of Reynolds:

He just has, like, a really cool obsession with skating... it's like being around a little kid... as long as you are focused on skating, you can do whatever you want. You can... he is pretty nice. He does a lot of crazy shit in skating. Like, you wouldn't believe it. All he, all he eats is fruit. I don't know how he skates when he just eats fruit and salad... oh, he eats tons of vegetables. He's crazy.

In July 2013, professional skateboarder Paul Rodriguez included Reynolds in his "top ten" list of favorite professional skateboarders, explaining: "If you ask me, nobody jumps huge stairs and gaps better than Reynolds. Nobody does it with better style, more grace, or more control ... He’s another guy with amazing style. He is everything you could ever ask in the most pristine pro skateboarder."

Video games
Reynolds' skating profile was featured in the original Tony Hawk's Pro Skater video game.

Awards
Reynolds won Thrasher Magazine's Skater of the Year award in 1998. For his video part in the 2010 skateboard video Stay Gold, produced by the Emerica brand, Reynolds received Transworld Skateboarding magazine's award for "Best Video Part" in 2011.

Personal life
As of October 2012, Reynolds has not drank or taken drugs for ten years; following a period of problematic drinking and illicit drug use in his early twenties. He also stopped smoking cigarettes after his only daughter was born to his former wife Christianna Reynolds.

In response to the question "What in particular triggered you going sober?" in a 2011 interview, Reynolds replied:

Cocaine - just messing with hard drugs and not being able to stop. My drinking was way out of control; I couldn't drink one beer without ending up blacking out and doing drugs. It would happen over and over again. Probably from like seventeen years old to twenty-four, I just didn't know how to control my intake of drugs or alcohol. It just happens to certain people. You are either that way or you aren't that way, you know? I smoked weed like my life depended on it. Then one day, I woke up and I knew it was a problem. The hard stuff - I knew I shouldn't be messing with it.

He has expressed that his inspiration is his family. In a September 2014 interview, Reynolds expressed concern over the influence that the recorded behavior of "Baker, Pissdrunx and our whole crowd" might have exerted upon young viewers and fans. Reynolds explained that he'd "like to try and repair that" as much as possible and added: "I feel like that’s a good job for me."

In 2008, Reynolds resided in Hollywood, California with his daughter, Stella who is as of 2019 a budding amateur skateboarder. However, in 2012, a report stated that Reynolds had undergone a divorce and subsequently sold the Hollywood house, as well as his Cadillac, in a process of simplification. In response to the life changes that Reynolds has undergone in his older years, Regan has stated, "That’s how he simplifies things down. If you want what he’s got, do what he does."

In a 2012 interview, Reynolds revealed the origin of his nickname "The Boss":

It's just a nickname that [professional skateboarder] Jim Greco came up with. I guess growing up watching mob movies and mob documentaries, there's always like has to be a boss. I had a Cadillac, it was just little stuff. I had an apartment; Jim was like, "He's the Boss". That's it. And then he just kind of stuck with it after that. I don't take part in it. I don't go around [saying] "I'm the Boss", you know? I don't care, whatever. He shares a birthday with fellow pro skateboarder Geoff Rowley.

Film
Reynolds has been involved with film projects on a minor level. He starred in the short film Shadows (2000) and the feature film Cop and 1/2 (1993), appearing as "The Skateboard Kid" in the latter. He was also a stunt performer in the documentary Collage (2001).

Videography

 * Union Wheels: Right to Skate (1992)
 * Birdhouse Projects: Untitled (1992)
 * Tracker: DIsturbed (1992)
 * Birdhouse Projects: Ravers (1993)
 * Tracker: Hi-8 (1995)
 * Transworld Skateboarding: 4 Wheel Drive
 * Airwalk: Skateboarding Video 96 (1996)
 * 411VM: Issue 22 (1997)
 * 411VM: Best Of 411, Volume 4 (1997)
 * Birdhouse: The End (1998)
 * Baker: Baker Bootleg (1998)
 * Globe: Canvas (1998)
 * Transworld Skateboarding: Feedback (1999)
 * Baker: Baker 2G (2000)
 * Transworld Skateboarding: Anthology (2000)
 * ON Video: Spring (2001)
 * ON Video: Fall (2002)
 * ON Video: Summer (2002)
 * Baker: Summer Tour 2001 (2001)
 * 411VM: Issue 60 (2003)
 * Emerica: This Is Skateboarding
 * Thrasher: S.O.T.Y. Video (2003)
 * 411VM: Issue 56 (2003)
 * Transworld Skateboarding: Show Me The Way (2004)
 * V7: Teenage Tour (2004)
 * Thrasher: Rocket Science (2004)
 * Emerica: Kids in Emerica (2004)
 * Baker: Baker 3 (2005)
 * Thrasher: King of the Road 2006 (2006)
 * Strange Notes: Covers, Baby! (2007)
 * Emerica: Wild Ride (2007)
 * Altamont: The Foreigners (2008)
 * Baker/Deathwish: Baker Has A Deathwish (2008)
 * Shake Junt: Chicken Bone Nowison (promo) (2009)
 * Baker/Deathwish: Baker Has A Deathwish Summer Tour (2009)
 * Altamont: Skate Rock East Cost Tour (2010)
 * Emerica: Stay Gold (2010)
 * Emerica: Stay Gold B-Sides (2010)
 * Shake Junt: Chicken Bone Nowison (2011)
 * Baker/Thrasher: "Bake and Destroy" (2012)
 * Baker Presents "Certi-Fried Pro Rowan Zorilla" Part (2016)
 * Emerica - Made - Chapter 2 (2016)
 * Baker - “Baker 4” (2019)
 * Baker/Deathwish: Baker Has A Deathwish II (2024)

title: Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder)


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Kantajew Temple

Kantanagar Temple, commonly known as Kantaji Temple or Kantajew Temple (কান্তজীর মন্দির) at Kantanagar, is a Hindu temple in Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The Kantajew Temple is a religious edifice belonging to the 18th century. The temple belongs to the Hindu Kanta or Krishna and this is most popular with the Radha-Krishna devotees (assemble of memorable love) in Bengal. This temple is dedicated to Krishna and his wife Rukmini. Built by Maharaja Pran Nath, its construction started in 1704 CE and ended in the reign of his son Raja Ramnath in 1722 CE. It is an example of terracotta architecture in Bangladesh and once had nine spires, but all were destroyed in an earthquake that took place in 1897.

Architecture
The temple was built in a navaratna (nine-spired) style before the destruction caused by the earthquake of 1897. The characteristic features of the erections are the four centered and wide multi-cusped arches, the plastered surface of the walls having immense rectangular and square panelings, prominence of the central archway and the central mihirab by making the slightly larger and setting in a projected fronton in the outside directions, the use of ornamental turrets on the either side of the fronton, the semi-octagonal mirirab apertures, the archway opening under half-domes, the Persian muquarnas work in stucco inside the half-domes over the entrance arches and mihirab niches, the bulbous outline of the domes with constructed necks, domes on octagonal drums with lotus and kalasa finials as the crowning elements, the round pendentives to make up the phase of transition for the domes and the multi-faced corner towers rising high above the horizontal merloned parapets.

title: Kantajew Temple


text:
Weybridge railway station

Weybridge railway station is near the established midpoint of Weybridge in Surrey, England and south of its town centre. It is on the South West Main Line and operated by South Western Railway.

It is 19 mi from London Waterloo and is situated between Walton-on-Thames and Byfleet & New Haw on the main line. The Chertsey branch line diverges from the main line here and runs to Virginia Water.

History
The station was opened by the London and Southampton Railway (L&SR) on 21 May 1838. The L&SR had not intended to construct a station at Weybridge, but was required by the authorizing Act of Parliament to build two road bridges over the line near the town. Following a negotiation with the Weybridge vestry, the company agreed to open a station on a trial basis for 12 months in exchange for being allowed to build only one bridge. Two platforms were constructed in the deep cutting between St George's Hill and Weybridge Heath and the main station building, on the north side of the line, was at road level. Initially, the typical journey time to London was around an hour and, by 1841, a mail train was stopping daily.

The branch to Chertsey, which joined the main line via an east-facing junction, was constructed in 1848. It was not until 1885 that Byfleet Junction was constructed, creating the triangle of lines to the west of Weybridge station. Additional tracks on the main line through the station were added in 1885 and 1902. A new station building, equipped with luggage lifts, was built between 1902 and 1904 in conjunction with the quadrupling work, but was destroyed by an arson attack in January 1987.

By 1895, there was a freight yard with a goods shed to the north west of the station. The yard closed in 1964 and by the mid-1980s the area was being used by a coal merchant and for the station car park. The lines through the station were electrified in 1907, although steam locomotives continued to haul long-distance express services through Weybridge until 1967. The 68-lever signal box was closed on 22 March 1970, when control of the lines in the Weybridge area was transferred to Surbiton Panel Box.

Service
South Western Railway operate northbound services to London Waterloo, via Surbiton or Chertsey, inner suburban southbound services to Woking and outer suburban services to Basingstoke.

The typical off-peak Monday to Friday service is:

Platform 1

 * 2tph to London Waterloo via Staines and Hounslow

Platform 2

 * 4tph to London Waterloo via Surbiton (2 fast, 2 semi-fast)

Platform 3

 * 2tph to Basingstoke via Woking and Farnborough
 * 2tph to Woking

Amenities and immediate surroundings
A pub with large car park, nightclub and Saint George's Hill adjoin the north and east of the station respectively. The business estate, museum of Brooklands and Brooklands College adjoin the other sides. The station is close to the approximate midpoint of the medieval parish boundaries of Weybridge.

Bus routes 436, 515 and the Cobham Chatterbus serve the station.

In popular culture
Scenes of the Dam Busters were filmed at the station, as Wallis had lived nearby.

title: Weybridge railway station


text: Talk:Masjid-e-Tooba

title: Talk:Masjid-e-Tooba


text:
Talk:Peter Jurasik

Untitled
His imdb page shows a movie in 2004 and an episode of "One Tree Hill" in 2005.

 * It's possible that those were filmed prior to his retirement, but are only now hitting the screen. Of course if more stuff keeps appearing over the next couple of years, I think it would be fair to say that the  Wikipedian was mistaken in that article.  --BenM 09:43, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

--- Jurasik starred in at least one Babylon 5 TV movie, and appeared in at least one other. Those could be called out separately. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.93.238.153 (talk) 17:37, 3 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Peter Jurasik


text:
Talk:List of lieutenant governors of Colorado

Changed one word. From "president" Lt. Governor to "present" Lt. Governor. I'm sure this was a minor typographical error.

Hello, I'm from Colorado. Today we actually replaced Joseph Garcia with Donna Lynne as Lieutenant Governor  http://denver.cbslocal.com/2016/05/12/donna-lynne-colorado-lieutenant-governor-oath-of-office/ http://kdvr.com/2016/03/23/source-governor-to-nominate-donna-lynne-as-colorados-new-lt-governor/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.171.210.110 (talk) 23:20, 12 May 2016 (UTC)

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text:
Oregon Star Party

The Oregon Star Party (OSP) was founded in 1987 and is considered one of the best annual events in the United States for observational astronomy. The Oregon Star Party takes place in the Ochoco National Forest, near the geographical center of the state of Oregon. It is far enough from population centers to provide some of the darkest skies in North America. The area's 5000 ft altitude contributes to steady seeing, which frequently provides near ideal observational conditions. The OSP site also has a treeless field of view providing an unobstructed 360 degree horizon.

Usually held in August or September during a new moon, OSP attracts as many as 600-800 attendees. The highest attendance was in 2003, with 900 attendees. OSP features a wide range of amenities such as a latte stand, chuckwagon stand, and showers. Many vendors sell various astronomy-related goods, and there is a swap meet every day during the four-day event.

Participation does not require a telescope, as most amateur astronomers let visitors look through their telescopes. Daytime events include guest speakers, such as telescope makers, NASA representatives, and optics manufacturers. Also, OSP has a guided tour through the "telescope fields" which discusses many of the different telescope designs and custom builds. OSP also offers activities for children and offers an observing challenge ranging in difficulty from beginner to advanced.

Due to its unique location, OSP attracts casual observers, professional observers, astro-photographers, and beginners interested in astronomy.

The Star Party was cancelled in 2020 on grounds of COVID-19 pandemic, and cancelled in 2021 due to fire risk.

title: Oregon Star Party


text:
List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty

This is a list of countries by percentage of population living in poverty, as recorded by the World Bank and Our World in Data.

Methodology
"Poverty" is defined as an economic condition by the lack of both money and basic necessities needed to live successfully, such as food, water, utilities, and housing. There are many working definitions of "poverty", with considerable debate on the most accurate definition of the term.

Lack of income security, economic stability and the predictability of one's continued means to meet basic needs all serve as absolute indicators of poverty. Poverty may therefore also be defined as the economic condition of lacking predictable and stable means of meeting basic life needs.

The first table lists countries by the percentage of their population with an income of less than $2.15 (the extreme poverty line), $3.65 and $6.85 US dollars a day in 2017 international (PPP) prices. The data is from the most recent year available from the World Bank API.

As differences in price levels across the world evolve, the global poverty line has to be periodically updated to reflect these changes. The World Bank updated the global poverty lines in September 2022. The decision follows the release in 2020 of new purchasing power parities (PPPs)—the main data used to convert different currencies into a common, comparable unit and account for price differences across countries. The new extreme poverty line of $2.15 per person per day, which replaces the $1.90 poverty line, is based on 2017 PPPs. This means that anyone living on less than $2.15 a day is considered to be living in extreme poverty. About 648 million people globally were in this situation in 2019.

The second table lists countries by the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line—the poverty line deemed appropriate for a country by its authorities. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys.

Definitions of the poverty line vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Even among rich nations, the standards differ greatly. Thus, the numbers are not comparable among countries. Even when nations do use the same method, some issues may remain.

Only countries for which sourced data is available are listed. Data for some countries, including Libya and Saudi Arabia, remains unavailable. It was usually accepted that over one third (33.3%) of the population in Libya and Saudi Arabia were living in the previous decade below the poverty line.

Percentage of population living on less than $2.15, $3.65 and $6.85 a day
Percentage of population (including non-citizens) living on less than $2.15, $3.65 and $6.85 a day in 2017 international (PPP) dollars as per the World Bank and Our World in Data. Sorting is by country code.

Percent of population living below national poverty line
The percentage of the population living below national poverty line (%) – poverty line deemed appropriate for a country by its authorities (however definitions of the poverty line vary considerably among nations). Sorting is by country code.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Digital signal

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. Golbez 06:03, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Digital signal
Disambiguates between things that do not require disambiguation. Digital should be moved here, and Digital (disambiguation) moved to Digital. --Smack (talk) 05:25, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't see the need to move Digital to Digital signal... and that disambig seems okay to me, so i'm gonna vote keep. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 06:06, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep, but it is an incorrect disambig. It must be a redirect to Discrete signal, where the corresponding section exists. mikka (t) 08:22, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep digital signal. Digital is not about signals and it does not belong under digital signal.  I also disagree with mikka since digital signal is not the same as a discrete signal and it does not belong in its article.  FYI for other people here: analog was moved by Smack to Analog (signal) but analog was about signals. Cburnett 16:00, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Digital (disambiguation). This page doesn't really serve much purpose. Haikupoet 02:07, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Change vote to keep per Cburnett. Haikupoet 05:04, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Please note that I changed the page from a dab page to an article about digital signals. Cburnett 03:20, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Steve Butland

Steve Butland (born March 26, 1941) is a Canadian politician. He represented the Sault Ste. Marie electoral district in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993 as a member of the New Democratic Party.

Butland was born in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Before entering politics, served as principal at St. Hubert's (Catholic) elementary school from 1984 to 1988.

Following his federal defeat, Butland ran for mayor of the city of Sault Ste. Marie in a special byelection in 1996, following the controversial resignation of Joe Fratesi. He was elected, succeeding Fratesi's appointed interim replacement Michael Sanzosti, and served until 2000, when he was defeated by John Rowswell. He subsequently ran for the city council as a ward councillor in the 2003 municipal election, and was elected.

title: Steve Butland


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Xingning Academy

The Xingning Academy is an ancient structure in Xingning, China. Now part of Xingmin High School (兴民中学), it was originally built during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644).

title: Xingning Academy


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Talk:Shogo Ushiyama

Speculative Sources?!
The original contributor says at the bottom of the article: "Please keep in mind due to the series' extremely speculative nature, some of this information is fan speculation and/or hinted at facts."

Please, can we remove speculative content from this article? We should stick to verifiable facts.

Unfortunately, I am unfamiliar with the content covered here and cannot pull apart the facts from speculation. Thanks!Tobycat 05:23, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shogo Ushiyama


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RatDVD

RatDVD (originally stylized "ratDVD") is the name of a proprietary container format for digital video, developed by Peter Jensen and a group of Russian and Danish university students. The container format is a compressed archive format that holds all features of DVD-Video in a single file. Unlike other container formats like Matroska, it is designed to accurately mirror the exact feature set of standard video DVDs, facilitating round-tripping back to the DVD-Video format.

RatDVD files are created by a computer program of the same name. The video portion of a RatDVD file is compressed with a proprietary video codec named "XEB", thus significantly reducing the overall size: a typical DVD (usually above 4 gigabytes) can be compressed to about 1 or 2 GB, with some loss in video quality due to recompression. The resulting RatDVD file can then be played directly on a computer (as long as the needed codec has been installed) with a DirectShow-compatible DVD player, or converted back into standard DVD format.

RatDVD program is freeware and works on Microsoft Windows. The last version is 0.78 and was released in 2005. The program does not support copy-protected DVDs.

title: RatDVD


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Hy Peskin

Hyman Peskin (November 5, 1915 – June 2, 2005) was an American photographer known for several famous photographs of American sports people and celebrities published by Sports Illustrated and Life. He was a pioneer of sports photography, with his work being ranked amongst the best sports photojournalism of the 20th century. In 1966 he changed his name to Brian Blaine Reynolds, and founded the Academy of Achievement, bringing young people together with statesmen and Nobel Prize winners.

Early life
Peskin was born to Russian Jewish immigrant parents in Brooklyn, where his father Elias Peskowitz was a tailor who lost his job in the Depression, the family being saved by Hy's first job as a newspaper seller.

Peskin became a newspaper journalist at the New York Daily Mirror after it started up in 1924, but soon became a photographer because it paid a higher salary.

Sports photographers would work from the press box, limiting the pictures they could take. Peskin was the first sports photographer to cover the action from the sideline or climb up on the roof to obtain more interesting shots. In his early days, he was known for the photographs he took of the Brooklyn Dodgers from Ebbets Field. Peskin often said "I helped make the Dodgers famous and they helped make me".

After serving in the Marines during World War II, he wanted to start work as a magazine photographer using color. He applied for positions with 20 magazines but only Look showed any interest. It offered him a job after showing the photo editor pictures of a boxing match he had taken showing the blood on one boxer's face.

Peskin was the first staff photographer hired by Sports Illustrated. "The number of famous pictures that he made here is astonishing," Steve Fine, the director of photography at Sports Illustrated told The New York Times. His picture of Ben Hogan playing a 1-iron shot to the green at the 72nd hole of the 1950 US Open was ranked by Sports Illustrated as one of the greatest sports photographs of the twentieth century. "Instead of following every other shooter to the green, Hy hung back and took his shot from behind Hogan," recalled longtime Sports Illustrated photographer Neil Leifer in an essay in the magazine. "You don't even see Hogan's face, yet it's all there: that perfect swing, his signature cap, the crowd. It's one of the most iconic sports photos ever taken, and Hy got it on one of the most important swings of Hogan's career. That was Hy: always defining an epic moment with an epic picture."

Another of Peskin's photographs is said to have inspired the set design for the film Rocky: boxer Carmen Basilio leaping into the arms of his cornermen after knocking out Tony DeMarco in their 1955 welterweight title fight. The black-and-white image walked "the line between reportage and film noir," according to Sports Illustrated.

In 1953, Peskin shot a Life cover and photographic feature of Senator John F. Kennedy and his fiancé Jacqueline Bouvier. These photos helped to promote Kennedy as a national figure and were Peskin's personal favorites.

During his career as a sports photographer, Peskin had 40 of his photographs appear on the front cover of Sports Illustrated. He finished his career on an unfortunate note when technical problems meant that he virtually took no photographs at the first title fight between Muhammad Ali and Sonny Liston in early 1964.

Academy of Achievement
In the early 1960s, Peskin became interested in other ventures and helped organize the World Series of Sports Fishing with Ted Williams. That year, he also launched the first gathering of what became the Academy of Achievement, a non-profit organization that brings leaders from various fields together with "young achievers" to inspire them to succeed. Under Peskin's leadership, the Academy attracted such prominent people as Elizabeth Taylor, Elie Wiesel, Linus Pauling, Johnny Cash and Willie Mays, among dozens of others—to receive awards and talk with top high school students. The Academy of Achievement is now run by his son, Wayne Reynolds.

By 1964, believing his Jewish name to be a liability in fundraising, Peskin legally became known as Brian Blaine Reynolds—using the middle names of his three sons.

Later life
In later years, Peskin lived in California and Plano, Texas. His first wife, Blanche, died in 1978. Peskin became known as such a litigious person, usually representing himself in court, that in 1995 a Texas television station did a story about his frequent court cases. He served time in a Texas jail for contempt of court.

Death
Peskin died in Herzliyya, Israel in 2005 of technical errors occurring during kidney dialysis. He was survived by his second wife, Adriana Reynolds of Plano, Texas, and Herzliya, Israel; two sons from that marriage, Brian Jeremy Reynolds and Preston Blaine Reynolds, both of Herzliya and Plano; three sons from his first marriage, Evan Reynolds of McKinney, Texas, Ron Reynolds (deceased) of Vista, California, and Wayne Reynolds of McLean, Virginia; and granddaughter Stephanie Reynolds of Austin, Texas.

title: Hy Peskin


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John Finch's Hotel

Finch Hotel was an inn located in current-day Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was opened in 1848 by John Finch on Lot # 2, Concession # 1, with a land size of 200 acre. Before Finch's takeover, the inn was owned by Thomas Johnson from the late 1790s.

Finch Avenue, a main arterial road in Toronto and the surrounding Peel Region and Durham Region, was named after John Finch.

Information
Finch Hotel was operated by a series of innkeepers:
 * Thomas Palmer 1848-1860
 * John Likens 1860-1864
 * John Fenley 1869-1871
 * William Kirk 1871-1873

The inn was sold to Charles McBride, who demolished the building and took timbers to build the Bedford Park Hotel at another site on Yonge Street. The site is now a parkette and condos on 1 and 3 Pemberton Avenue. To the west of the hotel was Stop 35 of the North Yonge Railways, a radial railway that ran from Toronto to Lake Simcoe.

title: John Finch's Hotel


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Behula

Behula (বেউলা beula, বেহুলা) is a protagonist in the Manasamangal genre of Assamese and Bengali medieval epics. A number of works belonging to this genre were written between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries. Though the religious purpose of these works is to eulogise the Hindu goddess Manasa, these works are more well known for depicting the love story of Behula and her husband Lakhindar (or Lakshindar or Lakshmindara).

Legend
Usha, the daughter of Daitya king Banasura, fell in love with Aniruddha, the son of Pradyumna and grandson of Lord Krishna. After their marriage they were reborn as Behula and Lakshindar in their next life and again married each other.

Behula was the daughter-in law of Chand Sadagar of Champaknagar. According to history, two beautiful Apsaras of the heavens, Usha and Aniruddha were cursed by the gods as per the plan of Devi Manasa and sent to earth as Behula and Lakshinder - Behula as the only daughter of Saybene (or Sayven of Ujaninagar) and Lakshinder as the seventh son of Chand Sadagar.

Chand Sadagar was a great devotee of Lord Shiva and for certain reasons, hated Devi Manasa. In order to obtain the position of a goddess in heaven, Manasa had to get "anjali" by the right hand of Chand Sadagar - the Bhaktasreshto. However, Chand vowed to never give anjali to Manasa by his right hand (which he used for giving anjali to Shiva only). To get an anjali from him, Manasa took away the lives of his six sons who died from poisonous snake bites (Devi Manasa had absolute power over all snakes). These deaths further infuriated Chand Sadagar, who vowed to save his last son Lakhinder in any way possible. Chand got to know about Behula, whose horoscope spoke that she could never be widowed. He then got Lakshinder married with Behula, and also had an iron palace built without any holes in it, to ensure that no snake could enter it.

The divine architect Vishwakarma had built this palace for the wedding night of Behula and Lakshinder. When requested by Manasa, he left a hole in the palace. On the wedding night, Manasa sent her most poisonous snake Kalnagini to the couple's room and cast a spell on Behula, making her fall asleep. When Kalnagini was about to bite Lakshinder, she saw that Behula had committed no sin for which she might be given such a harsh punishment. Hence, she used her large tail to smear the parting of Behula's hair with oil from a lamp, which was considered sinful for a newly wed woman. When she bit Lakshinder, he shouted aloud and woke Behula up. Seeing Kalnagini slithering out, she furiously threw the jaanti at her, cutting off the lower part of her body. It is to be noted that Kalnagini bit Lakshinder on the words of Devi Manasa.

To bring her husband back to life, Behula sailed with her dead husband in a raft towards the heavens. Although she faced many dangers during her incredibly long and arduous journey, she eventually reached heaven and pleased all the gods with her enchanting dance. The gods promised to resurrect Lakshinder, provided she would get Chand Sadagar to provide anjani to Manasa. Desperate to save his only surviving son, Chand finally gave in and gave anjali to Manasa by his left hand. Manasa, having attained the position of a goddess in heaven, brought back to life Lakshinder as well the other six sons of Chand.

Another version
Having returned to Champak Nagar, Chand Sadagar managed to rebuild his life. In time, he fathered a son whom he named Lakshmindara. At around the same time Saha's wife bore a daughter, whom they named Behula. When they grew up, Lakshindara and Behula decided to marry each other, but when their horoscopes were tallied, they realized that Lakshmindara would die of snakebite on the wedding night. However, as both children were already devotees of Manasa and were so perfectly made-for-each-other, that the marriage went through. Chand Sadagar took extra precautions in building a new bridal chamber that snakes could not penetrate.

In spite of all the precautions, Manasa had her way. One of the snakes sent by her killed Lakshmindara. As per custom, his corpse (like that of any person who died of snakebite) wasn't cremated, but was allowed to float on a raft down the river, in the hopes that he could come back to life due to a miracle. Despite everyone's pleadings, Behula accompanied her dead husband on the raft. They sailed continuously for six months, passing village after village. Even when Lakshindara's corpse began decomposing and the villagers considered mad, she kept on praying to Manasa. All that the latter did was to protect the raft from sinking.

Then, the raft sailed to the where Neta, Manasa's foster mother, lived. She was washing clothes on the river bank when the raft touched land. On hearing Behula's perpetual prayers, she decided to take her to Manasa and using her supernatural powers, whisked Behula and Lakshmindara's corpse to heaven. There, Manasa said, "You deserve to have him back, but this can only be done if you promise to convert your father-in-law to my worship."

“I will,” said Behula, and immediately Lakshinder's corpse began stirring. His decayed flesh healed and he opened his eyes, smiling at Behula.

Guided by Neta, the couple returned to earth. On hearing everything from Behula, Chand Sadagar's wife told him regarding Manasa's conditions. Although he couldn't refuse Manasa's words, he insisted on not worshipping her with his right hand, as he was devoted already to Shiva. He instead he gave "anjali" to the goddess by his left hand.

Legacy
Behula continues to fascinate the peoples minds in Assam, Bengal, Bangladesh and West Bengal. She is often seen as the archetypal wife, full of love and courage. This image of Behula is reflected in one of the poems of Jibanananda Das. Behula is regarded as the epitome of a loving and loyal wife in the Bengali and the Kamarupi culture.

In 2021, the Bangladeshi rock band Shunno released a folk-rock ballad called ‘Behula’ that was inspired by this story. The lyric was penned by Tanvir Chowdhury.

title: Behula


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First Triumvirate (Argentina)

The First Triumvirate (Primer Triunvirato) was the executive body of government that replaced the Junta Grande in the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (modern-day Argentina). It started its functions on September 23, 1811, and was replaced on October 8, 1812.

Origin
After the defeat of the patriotic forces at the Battle of Huaqui on June 20, 1811, the already damaged prestige of the Junta Grande received a fatal blow.

The Junta's President, Cornelio Saavedra, decided to take responsibility for the Army of the North (Ejército del Norte) so he left office to be personally in charge of the Army. His departure gave room to the faction that supported liberal Mariano Moreno to take advantage of his absence and try to force the dissolution of the Junta.

A Triumvirate was chosen to wield the executive power. However, this Triumvirate was controlled by a Junta Conservadora (Conservative Junta), composed of the members of the recently dissolved Junta.

End
The actions of its members were limited by successive struggles of power. With this government the morenistas successfully neutralized their opposition, but the internal struggles, the menace of an invasion from Brazil and the military misadventures of Manuel Belgrano in the north undermined their power.

José de San Martín, with the members of the Logia Lautaro (Lautaro Lodge) and the Sociedad Patriótica (Patriotic Society) which was formed by morenistas coincided on giving privilege to the organization of a liberation army and declaration of Independence. It was then when the destitution of the Triumvirate members and to return to the line of action impulsed by the Society. The Lautaro Lodge, on the other hand, mobilized its troops and the Patriotic Society recurred to public petitions and mobilization of the population.

The triumvirate was then replaced by the Second Triumvirate.

Members

 * Feliciano Chiclana, Juan José Paso and Manuel de Sarratea.
 * Secretaries without right to vote: Bernardino Rivadavia, Julián Pérez and Vicente López y Planes.

title: First Triumvirate (Argentina)


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Rowan of Rin

Rowan of Rin is a series of five children's fantasy novels by an Australian author Emily Rodda. It follows the adventures of a shy village boy, Rowan. The series was first published in Australia in 1993 by Omnibus Books, a corporate division of Scholastic. When Scholastic released Emily Rodda's Star of Deltora fantasy series, the Rowan of Rin series was revealed to be part of the world of Deltora, and the lands mentioned in the books are islands located to the west of Deltora. This makes Rowan of Rin the fourth series set in the world of Deltora, sixth if you count the collective Deltora Quest series as three separate series. The other series are Deltora Quest (Deltora Quest, Deltora Quest 2 and Deltora Quest 3), the Three Doors trilogy and Star of Deltora.

World
The Rowan stories take place in a fictional world, on an island known as Maris. Each book always begins in the small village of Rin, in an isolated valley that rests at the foot of the forbidden Mountain. West of the Mountain is an unnavigable wasteland, and east of Rin lies a river that runs into the sea. On the coast is the larger, more populous city of Maris, home to the fish-like Maris people. Maris is the only point on the coast where ships can land safely, as north and south of Maris the coast is lined by hazardous rocks and steep cliffs. Across the sea, to the east, lies the Land of the Zebak; the Zebak territory is a desert, its city reunited in steel walls and protected from land threats by the desolate, hazard-ridden Wastelands. Further east, across the Silver Sea, lies the continent of Deltora.

History
Long before the time of humans, the bukshah travelled up the Mountain every winter to feast on a grey fungus produced by the ice creepers. The bukshah were sustained for the winter, and the heat from the river of molten gold at Mountain Heart radiated into the ice creepers' cavern, maintaining a balance that controlled the population of the ice creepers and subdued the elemental rage in Mountain Heart. The valley behind the Mountain was eventually settled, and named the Valley of Gold. The people of this Valley learned the secrets of Mountain Heart, and deliberately prevented the bukshah from traveling up there; the fungus, uneaten, caused the river to flow with greater pressure, giving the people of the Valley more gold and riches. However, this also made the ice creepers more populous, causing the first Cold Time. The people eventually allowed the Bukshah to climb the mountain again, and the balance was restored - but they never told their Traveller friends the Mountain's secret. Many years later, the people of the Valley of Gold discovered the mountain berries, but that winter, before the berries completed their life-cycle, the Zebak took a foothold in Maris and messengers were sent to the Valley asking for reinforcements. The people of the Valley left for the coast, but the keeper of the bukshah remained with the keeper of the silks, and soon one warrior returned - the people of the Valley had been captured by the Zebak before they'd even reached the coast. When the Bukshah left the Valley for Mountain Heart, the three companions followed them, hiding in the cave after the beasts had left. As the snow receded, the Mountain berries in the Valley spread, and overnight the abandoned Valley was overrun by the devil trees, transformed into the abhorred Pit of Unrin. The Mountain wall, undermined by the roots of the trees, collapsed, and Mountain Heart was blocked, sealing the companions inside. The people of the Valley of Gold, enslaved by the Zebak, founded the first village of Rin behind the walls of the Zebak city. Above their abandoned home, the companions lay dying and the Bukshah were kept from Mountain Heart, leaving the creepers to breed and multiply.

Hundreds of years later, the Zebak took the strongest of the Rin slaves as warriors to fight against the Travellers and the Maris-folk. The cunning works of the Keeper of the Crystal of Maris led to the Rin slaves turning against their Zebak masters, defeating the invaders. The Rin people then headed west and settled at the foot of the Mountain. Minds wiped by the Zebak, they remained unaware that half of their kinsmen were still enslaved across the sea, keeping their sad history recorded on silk paintings, as the people of the Valley of Gold had done also.

Three hundred years later, the Zebak devise a plan to invade Rin via the air, using flying creatures called grach, then taking the Travellers and Maris-folk by surprise through a land attack. Rowan of Rin travels to the Zebak city to find his sister, and returns with Norris and Shaaran as well, the last two descendants of the original Rin slaves. Shaaran brings the silks with her to the new Rin, causing the leader of the Travellers, Ogden, to suspect that the people of Rin and the people of the Valley of Gold are one and the same. When the cold time hits Rin and the ice creepers come down from the mountain 4 follow the bukshah and go through many challenges before reaching the top where they find more ancient silks from the others that came with the bukshah before them, leading them to the conclusion that the people of the valley of gold and Rin were the one and the same.

Books in the series

 * Rowan of Rin (1993)
 * Rowan and the Travellers (1996)
 * Rowan and the Keeper of the Crystal (1998)
 * Rowan and the Zebak (1999)
 * Rowan of the Bukshah (titled Rowan and the Ice Creepers in some countries) (2003)

Rowan and the Keeper of the Crystal
Rowan and his mother must travel to the beaches where the Maris civilisation dwell all in order to choose the next Keeper of the Crystal. Rowan suspects nothing until his mother is poisoned and he must take her place, but Rowan refuses to elect the new Keeper, deciding that he needs the antidote to save his mother. He and the three candidates battling to be the next Keeper must go to find the antidote to save his mother.

Rowan and the Zebak
Everything seems to be very well and usual in the valley of Rin. But, somehow, Rowan, Perlain and Ogden all sense danger in the land. Rowan knows he must do something, but he doesn't want to disturb the wedding of Jiller, his mom, and Jonn, his step father. Unexpectedly, before the wedding ceremony ended, Annad is snatched by a flying creature known as the Zebak grach. With guilt and despair Rowan sets off for his journey to rescue Annad. Accompanied by his three companions and Sheba's prophecies, Rowan must travel to the land of his ancient enemy - the Zebak. But what if the Zebak find them, and what danger is waiting for them in the land of the Zebak?

Rowan of the Bukshah
(Retitled to Rowan and the Ice Creepers in North America) An endless winter has begun in the land of Rin. The Rin folk have fled to the Maris and only a few remain in the village, but Rowan must still embark on a deadly quest. He journeys up the mountain in his beloved bukshah's wake to cease the endless frost and ice, but doing so may endanger not only himself, but his loved ones as well.

Critical reception
Rowan of Rin has been praised by critics for its worldbuilding and pacing with Kirkus Reviews stating that Rowan and the Zebak "flows smoothly with threatening episodes paced to keep the plot moving." Another reviewer stated that Rowan and the Travellers was "beautifully constructed." The series was also praised by critics for its "gentle and exciting introduction to traditional fantasy" that is "perfect for any child." However, Rowan and the Travellers was also criticized for its story, with one reviewer stating that "thanks to plenty of heavy hints, readers will have solved the riddle long before Rowan." Rowan of the Bukshah was also criticized for plot conveniences and lack of a sense of danger; however, it was praised for its "genuinely creepy creatures."

title: Rowan of Rin