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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pathogenic theory of homosexuality

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge with Gregory Cochran. Ingoolemo  talk  05:01, 2005 Jun 20 (UTC)

Pathogenic theory of homosexuality
One person's untested speculation does not constitute a scientific theory and does not warrant an article in an encyclopedia. If kept at all, it should be mentioned in the article about the one who promulgates this hypothesis, Gregory Cochran. Citation of reliable sources are necessary for an alleged 'scientific theory'. --Tabor 16:37, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Keep Gregory Cochran is very well known scientist, with articles in the Economist about him, including his theory on [high intelligence of Ashkenazi Jews may be a result of their persecuted past]. In stead of censoring this issue, allow the article's facts and arguements to be marshaled in the discussion page. Articles on the Pathogenic theory of homosexuality An Evolutionary Look at Human Homosexuality and here by Harvard professor Caleb Crain originally published in Out magazine, August 1999, pp. 46–49. 'Gay Germ'. If Out magazine can air this theory, I'm sure Wikipedia can too. Side note: perhaps it would be a good idea to take 5 seconds and research the issue on Google instead of, in my opinion, an unneeded VfD debate. --ShaunMacPherson 16:45, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The book The Puzzle. Exploring the Evolutionary Puzzle of male homosexuality., notes found here lists Gregory Cochran as a source of further reading.  As much as people may not want this theory to exist it does and is not Wikipedia's job to censor ideas which appear mainstream enough to be in the economist, in books like the one above.
 * The 'reliable sources' you cite are a blog and a personal web page. Gregory Cochran is a physicist. Caleb Crain is a writer (not a professor, not affiliate with Harvard) with a degree in English who says of his blog at harvard.edu: I started this blog mostly because it was free. Harvard Law School, which I didn't attend, was offering to host blogs by anyone with a harvard.edu address.  Google hits just show other people reporting that Gregory Cochran has said something provocative.  Also, please review Scientific_theory before characterizing something as a scientific theory.  --Tabor 16:57, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=4032638 [high intelligence of Ashkenazi Jews may be a result of their persecuted past] metions the theory as well, it's out there as a theory, it's not our job at Wikipedia to surpress these theories but to describe them in a NPOV fashion. If the article was in Out magazine that means it is 'main stream', main stream enough that it isn't the sole ravings of one unknown scientist, but a well respected scientist - and the theory has been around since at least 1999.  Let's do some research and put it into the article instead of deleting it 30 minutes after it was created. --ShaunMacPherson 17:15, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Again, all that article has to say about this topic is once sentence that says, And more controversially still, he has suggested that homosexuality is caused by an infection. At most, that belongs in the Gregory Cochran article.  Out magazine recently reported that Elizabeth Taylor's dog Sugar recently passed on -- appearing in Out magazine does not inherently make something worth documenting on Wikipedia.  Even the primary source you cite (article from Out says): It is worth repeating that there is no evidence for a gay germ yet. and At this point, there is only speculation pitted against speculation. Wikipedia is not the place for putting forward rampant speculation as legitimate scientific theory (which requires that a conjecture be tested and shown to hold true to the empirical evidence, among other things).  --Tabor 17:30, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Then say in the article it is 'rampant speculation', if indeed you can find such a quote. So far there are a number (3?) of mainstream sources I've quoted that talk about this issue, be it a theory or conjecture or however you wish to classify this concept.  How many sources do you want from your statement "citation of reliable sources are necessary for an alleged 'scientific theory'", there are a variety of theories that are wrong, and controversial yet if they are in magazines and come from known scientists then it seems to me it has a place on Wikipedia.  Raise objections with the article in the article itself. --ShaunMacPherson 17:46, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * See WP:NOR. Unstable neologisms, and ideas stemming from one individual who is not an authority, or from a small group of such individuals, should either go to "votes for deletion" (because they "fail the test of confirmability", not because they are necessarily false), or should be copyedited out. --Tabor 17:54, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * You seem to be wrong, we'll take it one point at a time. You said "and ideas stemming from one individual". But it doesnt stem from one individual but at least two: "Paul W. Ewald (1), a biology professor at Amherst College in Massachusetts, and Gregory Cochran (2), an independent physicist in Albuquerque". You quoted "individual who is not an authority", but they are authorities, one is a biology professor and the other is an indepentnt physicist who is known (same source). --ShaunMacPherson 18:20, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Did you miss or from a small group of such individuals? --Tabor 18:21, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Did you see what a neologism was? It is a coined word, the idea that germs cause homosexuality doesnt seem to be a neologism, and if you'd like to verify (which you should have done before putting it up on vfd) that this idea only comes from one person (it doesnt) and they are not authorities (they seem to be) then please present your citations. --ShaunMacPherson 18:38, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * RE: "it seems to me it has a place on Wikipedia" ... sure, the place would be Gregory Cochran, not a separate article with a POV title that presupposes homosexuality is pathological and that promotes it to the level of a theory. --Tabor 18:02, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Hopefully you've read the gay germ article entirely, since you've quoted from it at least once so far, and noticed at the start of the second paragraph: Paul W. Ewald, a biology professor at Amherst College in Massachusetts, and Gregory Cochran, an independent physicist in Albuquerque which indicates two people, why should this theory go into one person's page (Gregory Cochran) and not the other? Perhaps you advocate this idea be placed in multiple articles of individuals across Wikipedia articles for those who support or comment on this theory? ShaunMacPherson 18:20, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)-- 18:18, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, can you tell me what Ewald has said about it? --Tabor 18:23, 8 Jun 2005
 * Since you are the one putting up the article 30 minutes after it was created, and I'm sure with good reason, then the onus seems to be on you to justify why you want to delete it. I welcome your input and research to justify deleteing it. Since you say "One person's untested speculation" and it is at least two, and "Citation of reliable sources are necessary for an alleged 'scientific theory', and I've given 3 citations perhaps you were a bit hasty in putting this up for vfd since it seems both reasons you gave for doing so are wrong. --ShaunMacPherson 18:29, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

(UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable junk. Shaun's suggestion that the pros and cons of the supposed theory be debated on the article's talk page is contrary to WP policy. Maybe Gregory Cochran should be VfD'd too.—Wahoofive (talk) 17:38, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * At least two scientists (and professor) disagree with you, Paul W. Ewald and Gregory Cochran here. Since there are multiple links to entries from reputible sources (do you object to TheEconomist?) then it isnt unverifable junk.  As for deleting the article on Gregory Cochran, what is the basis of this suggestion? --ShaunMacPherson 18:29, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. So this guy's saying that homosexuality is a disease, or is he saying that the chances of becoming a homosexual are affected by exposure to certain pathogens (disease-causing agents like bacteria and viruses)? Either way, it sounds like something that you'd hear from a person with an anti-gay POV. I don't think we need this in Wikipedia, thank you.--Chanting Fox 18:31, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It is from more than one person, Tabor's characterization that this is "One person's untested speculation" is incorrect as Professor and Biologist Paul Ewald also supports the idea. Perhaps more people do as well, not much research could be done since it was put up on VfD only 30 minutes after creation.

 * Keep Its a real "theory" although the proper term is probably hypothesis, this is a real person, who is really listened to by real people, thus it is encyclopedic to keep these ideas here even if the community at large thinks they are ludicrous. This is again, abuse of the VfD. Clean up, Move, and plain old editing are more than enough to save this article from POV or Junk status. Also, try to avoid turning the VfD into a personal convseration please?--Tznkai 18:32, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Firstly, I think that what this Gregory Cochran has been promulgating is utter rubbish. But that is irrelevant. If this theory is, as Tabor has said, the unverifiable ramblings of a small group of men, it has no place on Wikipedia, so then my vote would be delete. But if it is a more less established scientific theory, I would vote keep and send to cleanup. Oh, and Shaun, although your defense of this article is inspiring, toning down your defense won't do you any harm. Aecis 18:39, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree it needs a lot of cleanup, the article was put up only 30 minutes after it was created. I really never saw anthing quite like it :o). Please help, especially with the wording (The mob that follows me around takes care of my spelling :).--ShaunMacPherson 18:47, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Like everything else it has to be NPOV but I don't think that the solution is to keep anyone from explaining the theories, however offbeat they may seem to the average reader, if there is some support for the theory.  Quashing it immediately after someone tries to work on it is not a reasonable thing to do IMO (unlike what we do to vanity, spam or some of the other dreck we see here). DS1953 19:16, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * If we are going to assert support for the theory, could someone please provide at least one source that meets the criteria of Reliable_sources? --Tabor 19:25, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Comments
 * It is from more than one person, Tabor's characterization that this is "One person's untested speculation" is incorrect as Professor and Biologist Paul Ewald also supports the idea. Perhaps more people do as well, not much research could be done since it was put up on VfD only 30 minutes after creation. --ShaunMacPherson 18:42, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The fact that this has been put up on VfD doesn't mean that no research or no edits are possible, Shaun. It's what happened to Upton, Warwickshire, and those edits turned the article from a certain delete into a certain keep. It just means that those edits might turn out to have been in vain. Aecis 18:51, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Ewald is evidently quite careful about what he says on the topic; I don't know that "support" would be quite the word. From your own source: In a carefully worded e-mail, Ewald, for his part, asserts only that "the argument about infectious causation of homosexuality is a feasible hypothesis and should be treated as such—no more and no less."   Untested hypotheses are not Wikipedia material unless they are newsworthy in their own right, such as cold fusion. If other editors believe that a single sentence in the Economist reporting what someone has "suggested" and an article in Out magazine constitute sufficient newsworthiness to overcome the lack of any peer-reviewed scientific publications, so be it. I personally have no objection to a Gregory Cochran article, and think that where this belongs. --Tabor 19:02, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * While I would be the first to agree that the germ theory has about as much scientitic credentials as GWB, this is parable to the Intelligent Design theory. While less known than ID, it is equally rejected by science, but still equally notable, IMO. Flaged as a stub, plenty of time for it to improve with an accurate and complete discussion about its merits and considerable flaws--Tznkai 20:46, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Equally as notable as intellingent design? Are you serious? --Tabor 22:44, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to subsection at Homophobia, after the level of reporting has been raised. --Wetman 19:45, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Goofy, perhaps offensive, theory - but seems to be notable enough. Could benefit from information about scholarly criticisms and rejections, but that is a matter for clean-up. --Doc (?) 22:02, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * One problem is that if an eccentric notion is not widely publicised and not widely believed, as well as being far outside what is established in mainstream science, no scientist is going to bother criticizing or rejecting it; no one is going to give it a second thought, because no credible scientific source is going to publish it. --Tabor 22:44, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The book The Puzzle. Exploring the Evolutionary Puzzle of male homosexuality., notes found here lists Gregory Cochran as a source of further reading.  As much as people may not want this theory to exist it does and is not Wikipedia's job to censor ideas which appear mainstream enough to be in the economist, in books like the one above. --ShaunMacPherson 08:40, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Noone in here is saying that it should be deleted because it's not politically correct. The issue is whether or not this topic is notable enough to be on Wikipedia. We can't just include every brainfart simply because it exists. And I'm still not sure whether this is notable enough. But then again, YMMV. Aecis 10:56, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a web page about the book that cites Gregory Cochran for further reading. Someone's web page about the book, not the book.  In fact the same personal web site you have already cited.  As with the blogger you mistook for a Harvard professor, please try to examine sources carefully and not distort the origin of the information. --Tabor 02:14, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * If you say so, although I'm not sure what quality of research you expect when you put up articles for deletion 5 minutes after the topic was started. If you want more information than research it *before* putting it up for deletion, thanks. --ShaunMacPherson 23:55, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * You could also have researched the theory further and for instance have written the article in Word before posting it here. Noone is forced to come up with an article out of the blue. The quality of your research is not determined by the time between the start of the topic and the nomination for deletion. To paraphrase you: if you want us to know more about the topic, then research it *before* creating the article. Aecis 13:19, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Gregory Cochran but stop calling it a theory. It's nothing of the sort. The article says even its supporters acknowledge it's pure speculation with no evidence to support it. --Angr/undefined 23:14, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The difference between 'theory' and 'speculation' is semantics - theory can mean little more than 'hunch'. Since we have Flat Earth Society why not other dubious 'theories', if they are notable enough --Doc (?) 00:17, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This is flat-out wrong, despite what the creation-science crowd would have you believe. Theory is a well-defined scientific term and means something quite different from hunch.—Wahoofive (talk) 05:14, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course the difference between the meanings of 'theory' and 'speculation' is semantics; semantics is the study of the meanings of words. The difference between the meanings of 'cat' and 'dog' is semantics, as is the difference between the meanings of 'black' and 'white'. --Angr/undefined 07:33, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Gregory Cochran for reasons noted above. --FCYTravis 00:27, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps a broader article about Cochran's idea that conditions that the layperson would expect to be "bred out" might all be caused by microbes would be a better idea. The hypothesis he's putting forward is not unscientific -- and nothing like as offensive as some are trying to make out -- but it's not a widely pursued line of thought. Does that make it not worth coverage? Well, he's got a bit of press -- on the gay germ angle -- so it's been noted. We shouldn't be judging the notability of scientific, or quasiscientific, ideas on our own account but merely considering whether they are part of the general discourse on science and things scientific. This seems to be to me, but I don't much like this particular article. So no vote from me but I'd like to see this merged into a less contentiously titled article (avoiding the word "theory").Grace Note 07:46, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia does have standards for scientific and medical topics ... see: Reliable_sources. This comes nowhere close.  Not only is it unpublished and without peer review, there is not even the slightest attempt at empirical validation.  It is nowhere in the neighborhood.  Not even close. Sorry ... guess I am venting here.  Sometimes it seems that Wikipedia is willing to drop all standards of reliable information in an inflated interpretation of NPOV and the lowest possible barriers of "notability". :-S  Tabor 02:24, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Gregory Cochran and turn into a redirect. Note that media publishes comments based on newsworthiness, not based on scientific criteria. 1 supporter + 1 tentative comment do not make this accepted scientific theory - Skysmith 08:37, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge' into Gregory Cochran. I agree this is original research, and wuold only be notable wrt Cochran himself. Axon 10:25, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Gregory Cochran. Wikipedia doesn't need a page on every unsubstantiated hypothesis ever proposed and Cochran is not a significant figure in this research area. --Ian Pitchford 14:24, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Professor and Biologist Paul Ewald also supports the theory. Why put it under one person's article instead of the other's? The idea that if something affects the fitness ability of an organism to procreate, and that it has been around for a lengthy period of time, germ theory of disease, then it is likely not genetics but a pathogen that is the cause. That is why people think that schotizophrenia is a caused by a pathogen, and that it has been found that ulcers once thought caused by stress or genetics has a bacterial cause from helicobacter pylori.  --ShaunMacPherson 08:21, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep even though the theory is very likely complete junk, there are people out there promoting it; and WP is an excellent place to present NPOV information about itIt seems . -- AlexR 10:27, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Gregory Cochran. Megan1967 06:14, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Gregory Cochran. It is only one example in Cochran's hypothesis, and it doesn't seem notable enough to warrant its own article. He appears to be the main proponent of the hypothesis, probably getting mentioned whenever it's mentioned.  Offensiveness or non-political correctness in science shouldn't be taken into account when considering deletion. --Nectarflowed T 23:56, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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DeLima v. Bidwell

DeLima v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 1 (1901), was one of a group of the first Insular Cases decided by the US Supreme Court.

The case was argued on January 8–11, 1901 and was decided on May 27, 1901.

Background
The DeLima Sugar Importing Company sued the New York City collector of customs to recover duties on sugar imported from Puerto Rico after 1899, when Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States. DeLima argued that the Port of New York City had no jurisdiction to collect duties since Puerto Rico had been annexed by the United States.

The lower appellate court held the following:
 * 1) Although the collector had the right to challenge the factual sufficiency, he was barred from challenging federal jurisdiction on the basis of wrongful removal where the case was removed upon his own petition.
 * 2) The Customs Administrative Act did not decide whether the sugar was imported from a foreign country and so the court case was a proper legal action.
 * 3) Puerto Rico was not a foreign country for tariff purposes but was a United States territory because by the Treaty of Paris, the district was ceded to and in the possession of the United States. It was not necessary for an Act of Congress to embrace the territory for the purpose of tariff laws. Therefore, the duties on sugar were illegal, and DeLima Sugar Importing Company was entitled to a refund of its duties on sugar.

Decision
The Supreme Court ruled 5–4 that Puerto Rico, since its cession to the United States by the Treaty of Paris (1898), was not a foreign country for the purposes of US tariff laws, which required payment of duties on goods moving into the United States from a foreign country. In the absence of congressional legislation, the US government could not collect customs duties on sugar from Puerto Rico shipped to other parts of the United States by classifying Puerto Rico as a foreign country.

The majority opinion was authored by Justice Henry Billings Brown and joined by Justices Melville Fuller, John Marshall Harlan, Rufus Wheeler Peckham and David Josiah Brewer.

Justice Joseph McKenna authored a dissenting opinion, which was joined by Justices George Shiras, Jr., and Edward Douglass White. Justice Horace Gray authored a separate dissenting opinion.

The decision is similar to Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901), which was decided on the same date.

Contemporary reaction
In 2023, the ACLU condemned the case's description of inhabitants of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines as "savage tribes".

They claimed these rulings "still prevent millions of people — overwhelmingly, people of color — from accessing certain constitutional rights and protections. These rulings continue to uphold systemic racism today".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: DeLima v. Bidwell


text: User talk:69.118.140.195

title: User talk:69.118.140.195


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Langevin (crater)

Langevin is a crater on the far side of the Moon. It is located to the east of the walled plain Campbell, and to the west of the crater Chandler.

This is a heavily damaged crater that has been worn and battered by multiple overlapping impacts. Apart from the depression Langevin creates in the surface, it is scarcely distinguishable from the surrounding terrain. The outer rim and interior features have lost much of their original definition due to this wear. Multiple small craters lie along the rim, including a cluster along the southwest and a crater along the northeast rim. The interior is pock-marked by many small craterlets.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Langevin.

title: Langevin (crater)


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Bid shading

In an auction, bid shading is the practice of a bidder placing a bid that is below what they believe a bid is worth.

Bid shading is used for one of two purposes. In a common value auction with incomplete information, bid shading is used to compensate for the winner's curse. In such auctions, the good is worth the same amount to all bidders, but bidders don't know the value of the good and must independently estimate it. Since all bidders value the good equally, the winner will generally be the bidder whose estimate of the value is largest. But if we assume that in general bidders estimate the value accurately, then the highest bidder has overestimated the good's value and will end up paying more than it is worth. In other words, winning the auction carries bad news about a bidder's value estimate. A savvy bidder will anticipate this, and reduce their bid accordingly.

Bid shading is also used in first-price auctions, where the winning bidder pays the amount of his bid. If a participant bids an amount equal to their value for the good, they would gain nothing by winning the auction, since they are indifferent between the money and the good. Bidders will optimize their expected value by accepting a lower chance of winning in return for a higher payoff if they win.

In a first-price common value auction, a savvy bidder should shade for both of the above purposes.

Bid shading is not only a normative theoretical construct, it was detected in the above-mentioned real world auction markets. Previous theoretical work on sequential auctions focused either on bid shading in an exogenous sequence of auctions, or on strategic auctioning to short-lived buyers, who never want to shade their bids. This paper provides the first model of a sequential auction with both endogenous strategic selling and forward-looking longer-lived buyers who can shade their bids. The model’s contribution is the analysis of the best response of the seller to strategic bid shading, and the exposition of a market equilibrium, in which bidders do not always shade. The most related model of bidding is Jeitschko (1999), who finds that relatively to exogenous and certain future supply, exogenous but uncertain future supply leads to a proportional bid increase. In contrast, high-valuation bidders shade more than low valuation bidders here. The most related model of optimal sequential auctioning by Vulcano, van Ryzin, and Maglaras (2002) (VRM), who study a monopolist selling to unit-demand strategic buyers who each only lives for one period. While VRM’s bidders do not shade their bids by assumption, strategic sequential auctioning has an effect on their bidding strategy because they are forward-looking: there is an incentive to overbid and make the seller sell more units in the current period than would be optimal for her.

title: Bid shading


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User:Anomaly1

I am a teenager from Niskayuna, New York. I can be contacted on my talk page or by email at anomaly1 (at) gmail.com

title: User:Anomaly1


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Oxyria digyna

Oxyria digyna (mountain sorrel, wood sorrel, Alpine sorrel or Alpine mountain-sorrel) is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae). It is native to arctic regions and mountainous parts of the Northern Hemisphere.

Description
Mountain sorrel is a perennial plant with a tough taproot; the plant grows to a height of 10 to 30 cm. It grows in dense tufts, with stems that are usually unbranched and hairless. Both flowering stems and leaf stalks are somewhat reddish. The leaves are kidney-shaped, somewhat fleshy, on stalks from the basal part of the stem. Flowers are small, green and later reddish, and are grouped in an open upright cluster. The fruit is a small nut, encircled by a broad wing which finally turns red. Forming dense, red tufts, the plant is easily recognized. Oxyria digyna grows in wet places protected by snow in winter. Oxyria (from Greek) means "sour".

Distribution and habitat
Mountain sorrel is common in the tundra of the Arctic. Further south, it has a circumboreal distribution, growing in high mountainous areas in the Northern Hemisphere such as the Alps, the Sierra Nevada, and the Cascade Range. It typically grows in alpine meadows, scree, snow-bed sites and beside streams.

On the coast of Norway, the pollen of this plant has been found in peat bogs that are 12,600 years old, indicating that it must have been one of the first plants to colonise the area after the retreating ice age glaciers.

Deer and elk favor the plant.

Uses
The leaves of mountain sorrel have a sour or fresh acidic taste (due to oxalic acid) and are rich in vitamin C, containing about 36 mg/100 g. They can be eaten raw or cooked. They were used by the Inuit to prevent and cure scurvy. Mountain sorrel has also been an important plant in Saami diet. The plant is important for both insects and larger animals that feed on it in arctic and alpine regions where it occurs.

title: Oxyria digyna


text: User talk:81.136.152.199

title: User talk:81.136.152.199


text:
Patricia Idlette

Patricia Idlette is an American actress known for her role as Kiffany in Showtime's Dead Like Me. She also appeared in four episodes of Battlestar Galactica as politician Sarah Porter, and as Melanie Blackstone in the miniseries Amerika. Idlette portrayed Katherine Jackson, mother of Michael Jackson, in the 2004 biopic Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story. She appeared as Brenda's mother in Scary Movie 3 in 2003.

Originally from Miami, Florida, she trained as an actress in Florida and Michigan. She moved to Canada to join the repertory company of the Stratford Festival, acting in productions of A Midsummer Night's Dream, Antony and Cleopatra, The Winter's Tale, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Medea. She remained based in Canada for many years, acting on stage in Toronto and Vancouver and appearing as a guest actor in television series such as Street Legal, The Littlest Hobo, Adderly, Katts and Dog and The X-Files.

She garnered a Dora Mavor Moore Award nomination for Best Performance by a Female in a Featured Role for her performance in Susan G. Cole's play A Fertile Imagination.

She moved back to Florida in the early 2000s.

title: Patricia Idlette


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Things Viral

Things Viral is the second album by American drone metal band Khanate, released in 2003 on the Southern Lord label.

The CD was released in two versions: a European digipack version and a U.S. jewelcase version. There was also an LP version on LOAD Records with 1000 gatefold plus 12" copies released.

A video was made for the song "Dead".

CD tracks

 * All Songs Written & Arranged By Khanate. (Copyright Ideologic Organ)
 * 1) "Commuted" – 19:13
 * 2) "Fields" – 19:50
 * 3) "Dead" – 9:27
 * 4) "Too Close Enough To Touch" – 11:11

LP tracks

 * 1) "Commuted"
 * 2) "Fields"
 * 3) "Too Close Enough To Touch"
 * 4) "Commuted (coda)"

Personnel

 * Alan Dubin: Vocal
 * Stephen O'Malley: Guitars
 * James Plotkin: Bass, Keyboards, Synthesizers
 * Tim Wyskida: Drums, Percussion

Production

 * Produced, Recorded, Engineered & Mixed By James Plotkin

title: Things Viral


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Prince William County Public Schools

Prince William County Public Schools (PWCS) is a school division in Virginia with its headquarters in the Kelly Leadership Center located in the unincorporated community of Independent Hill in Prince William County, Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population of the county was 486,943.

Prince William County Public Schools is the second largest school division in Virginia with 91,180 students. Prince William County Public Schools is the fourth largest school system in the Washington Metropolitan Area after the Fairfax County, Virginia; Montgomery County, Maryland; and Prince George's County, Maryland school systems, and the 33rd largest school system in the United States.

The county system serves all parts of the county except for Marine Corps Base Quantico, which is served by the Department of Defense Education Activity.

Superintendent
The Superintendent of Prince William County Public Schools is Dr. LaTanya D. McDade, replacing Dr. Steven Walts. She is the first woman and the first African-American superintendent in the district's history. Prior to her appointment in 2021, she was the Chief Education Officer for Chicago Public Schools. In 2024, she was selected as Virginia Region IV Superintendent of the Year.

School Board
Prince William County Public Schools is governed by the Prince William County School Board. The school board is composed of eight elected members. One member is elected by the citizens of each of the seven magisterial districts also used to elect the Prince William Board of County Supervisors, while the Chairmen At-Large is elected by all citizens in the county. A Vice Chair is elected by the school board members each January. School board members serve four-year terms, with the next election being held in November 2023.

Two non voting student representatives are selected each school year to serve and provide input from a students perspective on decisions made by the school board. A Student Senate is made up of one student from each high school who applied for the student representative position. They work together with the student representatives to advise the school board.

High schools

 * Battlefield High School
 * Brentsville District High School
 * Charles J. Colgan Sr. High School
 * Forest Park High School
 * Freedom High School
 * Gainesville High School
 * Gar-Field Senior High School
 * Hylton High School
 * Osbourn Park High School
 * Patriot High School
 * Potomac High School
 * Unity Reed High School
 * Woodbridge High School

Middle schools

 * Louise A. Benton Middle School
 * Stuart M. Beville Middle School
 * Bull Run Middle School
 * Fred M. Lynn Middle School
 * Gainesville Middle School
 * Graham Park Middle School
 * George M. Hampton Middle School (Formerly Mills E. Godwin Middle School)
 * Lake Ridge Middle School
 * E. H. Marsteller Middle School
 * Parkside Middle School
 * Potomac Middle School
 * Potomac Shores Middle School
 * Ronald Wilson Reagan Middle School
 * Rippon Middle School
 * Herbert J. Saunders Middle School
 * Unity Braxton Middle School
 * Woodbridge Middle School

Traditional Schools (K-8)

 * The Nokesville School
 * Pennington Traditional School
 * Mary G. Porter Traditional School

Elementary schools

 * J.W. Alvey Elementary School
 * Antietam Elementary School
 * Ashland Elementary School
 * Bel Air Elementary School
 * Belmont Elementary School
 * Maitland C. Bennett Elementary School
 * Bristow Run Elementary School
 * Buckland Mills Elementary School
 * Cedar Point Elementary School
 * Chris Yung Elementary School
 * Coles Elementary School
 * Covington-Harper Elementary School
 * Dale City Elementary School
 * Dumfries Elementary School
 * Suella Gilbert Ellis Elementary School
 * Enterprise Elementary School
 * Featherstone Elementary School
 * Fannie W. Fitzgerald Elementary School
 * Glenkirk Elementary School
 * Samuel L. Gravely Elementary School
 * Haymarket Elementary School
 * Alexander Henderson Elementary School
 * Innovation Elementary School
 * John D. Jenkins Elementary School
 * Kerrydale Elementary School
 * R. Dean Kilby Elementary School
 * Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary School
 * Lake Ridge Elementary School
 * Leesylvania Elementary School
 * Loch Lomond Elementary School
 * Thurgood Marshall Elementary School
 * Marumsco Hills Elementary School
 * Sharon C. McAuliffe Elementary School
 * Minnieville Elementary School
 * Montclair Elementary School
 * Mountain View Elementary School
 * Mullen Elementary School
 * Neabsco Elementary School
 * Occoquan Elementary School
 * Old Bridge Elementary School
 * John F. Pattie Sr. Elementary School
 * Sonnie P. Penn Elementary School
 * Piney Branch Elementary School
 * Potomac View Elementary School
 * River Oaks Elementary School
 * Rockledge Elementary School
 * Rosa Parks Elementary School
 * Signal Hill Elementary School
 * Charles A. Sinclair Elementary School
 * Springwoods Elementary School
 * Sudley Elementary School
 * Swans Creek Elementary School
 * T. Clay Wood Elementary School
 * Triangle Elementary School
 * George Grayson Tyler Elementary School
 * Elizabeth Vaughan Elementary School
 * Victory Elementary School
 * West Gate Elementary School
 * Westridge Elementary School
 * Mary Williams Elementary School
 * Kyle R. Wilson Elementary School
 * Yorkshire Elementary School

Other
Prince William County provides an "alternative" school service for what they deem as "troubled teens". Students who become pregnant, sell or use drugs, write graffiti, have general behavioral issues or are prone to violence are usually sent to learn together in the same facility, regardless of their base school. The PACE program targets students with more extreme cases of psychological issues.

 * Independent Hill School/PACE East, special education school for middle & high school students
 * New Directions Alternative School, special school for students who are not successful in their base school
 * New Dominion Alternative School, special school for middle school students
 * PACE West, a special education school providing services to students with serious emotional and behavior problems
 * Pennington Traditional School, a school for first through eighth graders [Formerly a high school, grades 9-12]
 * Porter Traditional School, specialty school for first through eighth graders
 * Woodbine Preschool Center, a center for preschool-aged children with developmental disabilities
 * East End Alternative, now defunct. Previously located at a Woodbridge Boys and Girls Club. The student body was migrated to Pennington Alternative School in the mid-1990s.

Future Schools

 * "Woodbridge Area" Elementary School is set to open for the 2025-26 school year

Schools of excellence
Prince William County Public Schools honors schools as Schools of Excellence based on a variety of criteria, including: performance targets; Adequate Yearly Progress under the No Child Left Behind Act; Virginia Wellness Tests; school attendance rates; and parent, student, and teacher satisfaction. The Virginia state Standards of Learning (SOL) tests for both students on grade level and students below grade level are also considered. In 2006, the criteria were adjusted to reflect the continuous improvement of the system's schools.

School administration and staff are presented with a commemorative flag, a plaque, and a check to be used at the school's discretion. Schools receive $1,000 for each year the School of Excellence designation is obtained.

title: Prince William County Public Schools


text:
Talk:Raging Cow

Untitled
Does this soda have any relation to the actual Mad Cow Disease? Does anyone know where this name came along?--Maskedpantsman 16:42, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Raging Cow


text:
User talk:Ccleff

I noticed your edits on the Viola article. Happy Wikiing! Bratsche talk 5 pillars 16:42, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ccleff


text:
Brooklyn Friends School

Brooklyn Friends School is a school at 375 Pearl Street in Downtown Brooklyn, New York City. Brooklyn Friends School (BFS) is an independent, college preparatory Quaker school serving a culturally diverse educational community of approximately 900 students as of 2017–18, from preschool (two years of age) through 12th grade.

History and governance
Founded in 1867 by the Religious Society of Friends as a coeducational Quaker school, Brooklyn Friends School is one of the oldest continuously operating independent schools in New York City.

Starting as a grade school, BFS added a kindergarten in 1902, a high school division in 1907, and a Preschool and Family Center in 1985 and 1992 respectively. The most recent addition, the BFS Preschool, has gained prominence as one of the city's premier early learning centers.

The Academy Award-winning 1981 documentary Close Harmony chronicled how a children's choir of 4th- and 5th-graders from the school joined with elderly retirees from a Brooklyn Jewish seniors' center to give a joint concert.

In 2000, the school's headmaster, who had been in the position for ten years, resigned at the request of the board of trustees over allegations of financial mismanagement; audits revealed a deficit of $900,000 for 2000 and $375,000 for 1999. The outgoing headmaster denied any impropriety, and some parents defended his leadership.

The school had about 400 students in 1995 and about 107 teachers in 2000.

The school was once owned by the Quakers' New York Quarterly Meeting, but the school and the Quaker meeting ended their affiliation in 2010. Few of the school's modern-day students are Quaker, although the school culture and curriculum incorporate Quaker ideals. The school's charter specifies that half of the board of trustees must be Quaker and one of the two chairs of the board must be appointed by the Quakers.

Academics
Brooklyn Friends School is split into four academic levels: Preschool, Lower School (K-4), Middle School (5-8), and Upper School (9-12).

Lower School (K-4) The Lower School curriculum includes classes in language arts, mathematics, social studies, science, Spanish, dance, music, visual arts, woodworking, physical education, and health.

Middle School (5-8) The middle school curriculum includes classes in the humanities (English and history), mathematics, science, languages, visual arts, performing arts, physical education, health/life skills, organization and study skills and information technology.

Upper School (9-12) The Brooklyn Friends Upper School curriculum includes the arts, humanities, sciences, and ethics.

Brooklyn Friends School offers the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme for students in the 11th and 12th grades.

Faculty and staff union and decertification efforts
In spring 2019, more than 80% of faculty and staff members at the school voted to unionize. The school did not object at the time. In late 2019, collective bargaining over contracts began, and union representatives participated in negotiations over the layoffs of about 30 teachers due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.

In August 2020, however, the school's leadership move to dissolve the faculty and staff members' union, citing a National Labor Relations Board decision several months earlier that reversed an Obama administration-era NLRB decision that allowed employees of religiously affiliated institutions the right to form unions. The school's move to decertify the union prompted opposition from many parents, who believed the school was betraying its progressive and Quaker values by engaging in "hypocritical union-busting"; over 1,000 parents and alumni signed a petition calling on the school to halt its efforts to decertify the union, and about 130 teachers and staff members signed a similar petition of their own.

Notable alumni

 * John Knowles Fitch, founder of Fitch Ratings
 * Dan Hedaya, actor
 * Therese (Tay) Hohoff, literary editor
 * Robert Levin, pianist, musicologist, pedagogue
 * Patrick "Wiki" Morales, hip-hop artist and producer
 * Kyle Neptune, Head Coach of Villanova Wildcats men's basketball
 * Stacey Plaskett, US House of Representatives Delegate for the US Virgin Islands
 * Francine Prose, writer and critic
 * Jasmin St. Claire, actress
 * Fisher Stevens, actor, director, producer and writer
 * Susanne Suba (1913-2012), Hungarian-born watercolorist and illustrator
 * Adam Yauch (1964-2012), hip-hop artist and member of The Beastie Boys
 * Aldren Auld Watson (1917-2013), artist, author, book illustrator, woodworker

title: Brooklyn Friends School


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thread necromancy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Merge. Golbez 00:17, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Thread necromancy
Has been transwikied to Wiktionary, not much potential encyclopedaic value about this. Talrias (t | e | c) 16:42, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * If it's already in Wiktionary, then delete.   — J I P | Talk 17:45, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/redirect with bump. Kappa 23:32, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per Kappa. Radiant_ >|< 10:05, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to bump, not something you would search for in the dictionary.  Grue   14:30, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Khanate (album)

Khanate is the debut album by Khanate. The album was released in 2001 through Southern Lord Records.

A CDR demo edition titled "tektonikdoom", of which only 20 in yellow vellum were made, was released prior to the release of the actual album. On some copies of the demo, "Pieces of Quiet" was titled "Quiet Time". It was also released on LP with 900 black and 100 transsmoke 220g records being pressed. Julian Cope described this record as an "orchestrated root-canal".

Track listing

 * All songs written and arranged by Khanate.

Personnel

 * Alan Dubin: Vocals
 * Stephen O'Malley: Guitars
 * James Plotkin: Bass
 * Tim Wyskida: Drums

title: Khanate (album)


text:
Talk:Shizuoka Prefecture

Recent edits removing towns and adding cities
Regarding the recent edits by

, was this due to the consolidation of several towns into cities? Perhaps we should write about that instead of just removing the towns from the list entirely? Also the town pages need to be updated and the city pages need to be created. The former towns should still be listed too (but seperately). Any clarifications? --ChrisRuvolo (t) 16:43, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shizuoka Prefecture


text:
Hornstine v. Township of Moorestown

Hornstine v. Moorestown, 263 F. Supp. 2d 887 (D.N.J. 2003), was a 2003 case in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey that considered whether grades received by a student with a disability for classes where accommodations had been made under an Individualized Education Program could be discounted in awarding valedictorian honors. Blair Hornstine, then in her final year at Moorestown High School, sued the Moorestown Township (New Jersey) Public Schools Board of Education to stop them "from retroactively applying to her a proposed policy amendment that would allow the designation of multiple valedictorians". Under the then existing school policy, Hornstine would have been the sole recipient of the honor.

Valedictorian controversy
Under the published school board policy for the 2002–2003 academic year, the graduating senior student with the highest seventh semester weighted grade point average (GPA) was to be named the valedictorian, and the second highest student was to be named the salutatorian. At the end of the fall 2002 semester, the seventh for her class, Hornstine had the highest weighted grade point average in the senior class, 4.689, a score 0.055 higher than the runner-up's 4.634.

In the fall of 2002, Moorestown Superintendent of Schools Paul J. Kadri was approached by "parents, students, and other community members" who complained that "students were not provided equal opportunities to earn the awards" because of accommodations granted to Hornstine. Kadri held meetings at the high school in early 2003 in which he discussed changing the school policy to allow multiple valedictorians. In April, Kadri proposed an amendment to the existing policy that read, "In determining the recipients of [the awards of valedictorian and salutatorian], the Board may review the program of study, manner of instruction, and other relevant issues, and in its discretion, with the assistance of the administration, may designate multiple valedictorians and/or salutatorians to ensure that all students have an equal opportunity to compete for these awards." The proposal was to be voted on by the school board on May 12.

Suit
On May 1, Hornstine filed a complaint in Federal District Court seeking an injunction to prevent the school board from changing its policy retroactively, as well as $2.7 million in damages. Kadri sent a letter to the runner-up advising him he was under consideration for valedictorian honors. Kadri sent no similar letter to Hornstine.

Blair Hornstine was classified with a disability, reportedly a type of chronic fatigue syndrome or immune deficiency, but its exact nature was never disclosed publicly. She received an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) approved by the school board. Kadri contended that because of the "availability of many AP courses in her home instruction program" Hornstine "was able to earn more 'weighted' grades" than other students. Moorestown High School assigned a higher weight to Advanced Placement (AP) courses and honors courses in calculating a student's GPA. An A+ grade, worth 4 point towards the GPA in a regular course, counted as 5 points in an AP course and 4.5 points in an honors course. Kadri further claimed "she was also able to secure higher grades in her home instruction classes than students enrolled in the same courses at Moorestown High School."

The court rejected those claims pointing out that the runner up had taken two more AP courses than Hornstine, and while she had taken three more honors courses than the runner up, the net result was a statistical advantage for the runner up. The Court also examined and rejected claims that she was graded less stringently.

Superintendent Kadri claimed that Hornstine's father, a New Jersey Superior Court judge in Camden County, had told him in September that "he was going to manipulate rules designed to protect disabled students for the purpose of allowing to win the valedictorian award". Judge Hornstine denied making those statements and the assistant superintendent of schools, Judithann Keefe, who was present at the September meeting, filed an affidavit contradicting her boss and supporting Judge Hornstine's account of what was said there.

Local and later national media focused intense attention on the case, leading to talk-radio scorn and an online petition calling for Harvard University to revoke Hornstine's admission to the school. Following investigation, Harvard University did revoke her admission after finding that Hornstine had plagiarized an essay she had written for a local paper.

Injunction granted and settlement
On May 8, 2003, U.S. District Judge Freda Wolfson ordered the Moorestown school district to follow its existing policy and name Blair Hornstine the sole valedictorian for the class of 2003. Wolfson wrote, "Ms. Hornstine earned her distinction as the top student in her class in spite of, not because of, her disability".

The Court found that Hornstine met the conditions for issuing an injunction, including a likelihood of prevailing on the merits of her case. In addition to finding that "the Board's proposed action was intended and designed to have a particular exclusionary effect on [the] plaintiff because of her disabled status," the Court cited a ruling by the New Jersey Commissioner of Education in a case in which there was no disability issue and that barred a retroactive change to requirements for the award of valedictorian.

On June 10, Hornstine, through her lawyer, Edwin Jacobs, informed the school that she would not attend graduation, which was held on June 19, and requested her valedictorian award be made in absentia, saying, "the hostile environment at the school has traumatized Blair both physically and emotionally." Her house had been hit by eggs and paintballs, and she had received a threatening letter. Hornstine's claim for compensatory and punitive damages was settled on August 19 for $60,000, including $45,000 in legal fees.

title: Hornstine v. Township of Moorestown


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Witness (rapper)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:56, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Witness_%28rapper%29
Non-notable: I live in Delaware, a scant 60 minute drive from Philadelphia, and am an amateur graf artist and emcee very into hip-hop culture. I follow the local scene, and have never heard of this artist. To my knowledge (and google's), he has no albums released, nor has he appeared on any major tours. A Google search reveals three vanity entries on various websites, all open to anonymous editing, seemingly a copy-paste job by one person. Even if he is talented and has something of a fan following, so does my rap crew and countless other unsigned, virtually unknown bands and artists. Unless someone has some reason as to why he's encyclopedia-worthy, I say this is both a personal entry as well as a vanity one. Delete Jasonglchu 16:47, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. --Etacar11 17:29, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, --//-- Pavel Vozenilek 19:50, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete wallawallanonnotable --Jeffrey O. Gustafson 02:01, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 07:37, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Vashakidze (crater)

Vashakidze is a lunar impact crater that is located on the Moon's far side, just beyond the northeastern limb. This area of the surface is not completely hidden from the Earth, however, as suitable combinations of libration and sunlight will bring it into view. It was named by the IAU in 1970.

This crater has a well-defined rim that has not suffered much wear from impact erosion. It is roughly circular, with outward bulges to the south and east, giving it a slightly skewed appearance. The inner wall displays some slumping along the edges, particularly to the north and southeast, but little terrace development. The interior floor is relatively level with some irregularities in the eastern half.

The southeastern rim of this crater grazes the outer rim of the huge walled plain Harkhebi. It lies to the southeast of the crater Boss and to the northeast of the ruined walled plain Riemann.

title: Vashakidze (crater)


text:
Talk:Oxford Brookes University

New or Public
For the fifth time someone (i.e. User:Bluecrime) has changed the university description from new university to public university. It is definitely a new university, formed in 1992, and not a 'public university' in any meaningful way. It looks suspiciously like someone is trying to disguise the univerity's past life as a polytechnic (again). I've reverted the edit again and left a message on Bluecrime's Talk page. Sionk (talk) 00:57, 17 March 2014 (UTC)
 * This now seems to be the subject of a growing edit war between User:Tha Lin Htet and User:82.16.133.153 over the term 'public research university' in the lead. User:82.16.133.153 correctly referred to this note on the talk page for why it should be understood as a 'new university'. Can we discuss this here? Extua (talk) 09:49, 23 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Oxford Brookes University, although it used to be a Polytechnic in the past, became a university due to Further and Higher Education Act 1992, which turned all polytechnics in the United Kingdom into universities, giving them degree awarding powers. Oxford Brookes is not a private university; it is a public university, given permission by the UK government to award degrees. Also since becoming a university, Brookes has conducted research in many areas, and their research quality is reflected in REF and QS World University Rankings, where it is currently ranked 383rd, with multiple subjects in the top 100. Also, similar universities, such as University of the West of England, Bristol and Nottingham Trent University are called public research universities. Thus, I don't see any reason Brookes should not be called public research university. Tha Lin Htet (talk) 10:05, 23 October 2020 (UTC)
 * The term 'new university' describes that Oxford Brookes is as you state; it was a polytechnic and was granted university status in 1992. This is what the term 'new university' in the UK is understood to mean. This description follows the convention of universities being known as 'ancient university', 'red brick university', 'glass plate university' and so forth, depending on the era of their founding. It is correct for Oxford Brookes to be described as a 'new university', alongside other post-1992 universities. 82.17.70.68 (talk) 01:31, 29 October 2020 (UTC)
 * It is stated very clearly in multiple ways that Oxford Brookes is a post-1992 university, such as Oxford Polytechnic, its timeline, becoming a university in 1992. Thus, I do not think it is necessary to further state that it is a 'new university'. It is better to call it a public research university, which is how Nottingham Trent and UWE Bristol are also classified as. And I've rewritten the summary in a different way which will enable the reader to clearly see that Oxford Brookes is a post-1992 university. Tha Lin Htet (talk) 18:04, 30 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Seems reasonable, with just a minor modification to reflect that there isn't really any ambiguity in Oxford Brookes classification as a new university. Also "played a major role in" seems more appropriate than "was a major player in". 82.17.70.68 (talk) 23:21, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Proposed merge with Functional Food Centre at Oxford Brookes University
Center is not notable enough for a separate article  DGG ( talk ) 04:16, 26 August 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree, not enough references and I've never heard of it, though keep the separate article on the School of Architecture because it's been around for much longer and has a history of its own. Extua (talk) 16:08, 15 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Oppose - The article in itself is notable, at least in my opinion. Independent source 1, 2, 3, etc. There are several third party sites, articles, etc mentioning this centre which makes it notable. Most things in this article are referenced; this can only be improved on and expanded/explored further. If you insist on merging it, then it should be merged with Oxford Brookes Uniersity Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences after it is created and expanded. Merging with the main article doesn't really make sense considering this fits better in with the respective sub-topic. C h r i s ☮ (Talk) 08:49, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Oppose - I think it's pretty obvious after my rewrite that the center is notable. This discussion was on hold while the AfD was debated, but now it should be closed. RockMagnetist(talk) 20:58, 10 September 2015 (UTC)

Expanding of Faculties
As of now the university has School of Archutecture, University Boat Club and Functional Food Centre and feel expansion is needed on the faculties i.e. Audiology, Biology, Biomedical Science, Optometry, Pharmacy, Psychology for the Faculty of Health — Preceding unsigned comment added by William77 (talk • contribs) 23:46, 16 August 2015 (UTC)

Disambiguation with Oxford University
Does the connection or otherwise with Oxford University need to be stated?Bogger (talk) 08:19, 24 January 2018 (UTC)
 * As the person who has reverted a hatnote being added for this, my view is no. Oxford University is one of the most famous universities in the world, if a reader is searching for it then I doubt they will type 'Oxford Brookes University'. Brookes has no connection with the much older Oxford University, except being in the same city. Aloneinthewild (talk) 23:03, 24 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oxford Brookes University


text: Category:Israeli film directors

title: Category:Israeli film directors


text:
Paul Hackett (politician)

Lieutenant Colonel Paul Lewis Hackett III (born October 21, 1963) is an American lawyer and veteran of the Iraq War who unsuccessfully sought election to the United States Congress from the Second District of Ohio in the August 2, 2005, special election. Hackett, a Democrat, narrowly lost to Republican Jean Schmidt, a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, providing the best showing in the usually solidly Republican district by any Democrat since the 1974 election. Hackett's campaign attracted national attention and substantial expenditures by both parties. It was viewed by some observers as the first round of the 2006 elections. In October 2005, Hackett said he would seek the Democratic nomination in 2006 to challenge incumbent U.S. Senator Mike DeWine; however, he dropped out of the race on February 14, 2006, and said that he would return to his law practice.

On April 9, 2009, Hackett, acting as defense counsel to Sgt. Ryan Weemer, USMC, obtained an acquittal on charges of murdering an insurgent in Fallujah on November 9, 2004, the Second Battle of Fallujah's first day. Weemer had contacted Hackett two years earlier after he had successfully represented other Marines charged with violations of the law of war in Haditha in November 2005. Hackett represented Weemer pro bono. When asked why, Hackett stated that "these Marines protected me when I was in Fallujah, it's the least I could do." The trial lasted two weeks after which the 8 member court martial deliberated for 8 hours and announced its decision acquitting Weemer of all charges and specifications, to unpremeditated murder and dereliction of duty. Weemer's acquittal was awarded by the 8 member jury despite the government's introduction into evidence of Weemer's audio confession to the alleged violations of war. Despite the audio confession, the 8 member jury was persuaded by Hackett's argument and through his cross examination of NCIS Special Agent Fox that Weemer had been coerced into confessing to the charged offenses by his interrogators; namely NCIS Special Agent Fox.

This is the only known instance in American Jurisprudence that a jury acquitted a defendant of murder charges after the acceptance into evidence by the trial court and publication to the jury of the defendant's alleged audio confession.

Background
Hackett, who The New York Times said is six foot two and "garrulous, profane, and quick with a barked retort or a mischievous joke", was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Paul and Beth Hackett, who lived at the time in Gates Mills. When an infant, his family moved to West Palm Beach, Florida, where his father worked for the Pratt and Whitney aircraft engine company. Before Hackett started school, his family returned to Ohio when his father took a job with the General Electric Company's aircraft engine division in Evendale, a Cincinnati suburb. Hackett lived in the Ohio towns of Wyoming, Montgomery and Indian Hill, and attended the Seven Hills School and Indian Hill High School.

He has a Bachelor of Arts from Case Western Reserve University and a Juris Doctor from the Cleveland State University College of Law. Hackett also attended American University in Washington, D.C., studying under the university's Washington Semester program in Journalism. Hackett was admitted to the Ohio bar on November 7, 1988, and practices law in downtown Cincinnati with the Hackett Law Office, which he opened in 1994. Additionally, Hackett was admitted to the Colorado bar on April 26, 2016.

Hackett saw active duty in the United States Marine Corps from 1989 to 1992, and then joined the Select Marine Corps Reserve. In 2004, he volunteered for active duty in the Iraq War, spending seven months as a civil affairs officer with the 4th Civil Affairs Group of the 1st Marine Division. He was assigned to Ramadi and supported the Fallujah campaign and reconstruction efforts there in addition to acting as a convoy commander on over 150 convoys throughout Al Anbar Province during his deployment. On October 21, 2004, a convoy under his command was hit by two roadside bombs, but Hackett was uninjured. He returned to Ohio in early 2005.

Hackett continues to serve in the United States Marine Corps Reserves and retired from the Marine Corps in April 2022 after more than 28 years of commissioned service in the Marine Corps. Hackett's personal awards include the Meritorious Service Medal, the Navy-Marine Corps Commendation Medal and the Combat Action Ribbon.

Hackett is married to Suzanne (Suzi) C. Hackett. They have three children, Grace (born 1997), Seamus (born 2000), and Liam (born 2003). The family lives in Indian Hill, an affluent Cincinnati suburb, on a small farm along the Little Miami River built in 1802.

Milford council
Hackett was elected to the city council of Milford, Ohio, a city in Clermont and Hamilton Counties, in 1995 to replace Chris Imbus, who was recalled from office by a vote of 410 to 86. In the recall election on May 2, he defeated businessman Jacques E. Smith by a vote of 388 to 81. On the Milford council, he opposed efforts to rezone a parcel of land in order to retain the Milford post office within the city limits. He resigned from the council in September 1998 to devote more time to his family and his law practice and was replaced on the council by James Gradolf. When Hackett purchased a home in Indian Hill in 2000, the purchase made The Cincinnati Enquirer's column of most expensive real-estate transactions in the area.

Race for Congress
Hackett decided to run for Congress because "with all that this country has given me, I felt it wasn't right for me to be enjoying life in Indian Hill when Marines were fighting and dying in Iraq," he told The Cincinnati Post. Hackett told the Dayton Daily News his friend Mike Brautigam, who met him at the airport upon his return, had told him Rob Portman, congressman since 1993, was resigning to become United States Trade Representative and Hackett should run for his seat. Hackett decided to enter the race before reaching home.

Special general election
Hackett faced Republican nominee Jean Schmidt in the August 2, 2005, special election. Schmidt, a former schoolteacher described by The New York Times as "small, wiry, and intense, she exudes seriousness", had been a township trustee in northwestern Clermont County's populous Miami Township for eleven years before four years in the Ohio House of Representatives.

The district was a strong Republican one. In 2004, 64 percent of the vote in the presidential election went to George W. Bush. Rob Portman never got less than 70 percent of the vote in his campaigns, no Democrat had received more than 38 percent since Thomas A. Luken's narrow loss to Willis D. Gradison in 1974, and no Democrat had won the district in a regular general election since John J. Gilligan in 1964. (Luken held the seat in 1974 after winning a special election to replace William J. Keating, who resigned, but lost the November election for a full term.) Amy Walter of the Cook Political Report said the Second District was the fifty-seventh most Republican in America.

John Green, a political science professor at the University of Akron in northeast Ohio told USA Today "It's a real steep uphill climb for him. It is such a Republican district." Jane S. Anderson, an adjunct professor of political science at the University of Cincinnati who has unsuccessfully run for the Cincinnati city council and the Ohio House as a Democrat, told the Associated Press
 * It's definitely worth it to the Democrats to put in the effort if only to keep the party energized. Even if Paul Hackett loses, it is very important for the party for him to do well. It could be seen as a sign of opportunities for Democrats in other GOP strongholds.

Hackett was undaunted by the Republican composition of the district, claiming:
 * No single party owns this district. It's not a Republican district, it's not a Democratic district. It's actually the seat of the citizens of the Second District. They deserve an opportunity to make an informed decision as to who will represent them in Washington, D.C.

Martin Gottlieb, editor of the Dayton Daily News editorial page, wrote a Republican landslide in the district was "a self-fulfilling prophecy":
 * It is so overwhelmingly Republican that Democrats typically don't make a real effort as a party. A candidate puts himself up, but generally it's somebody who has no political strengths and gets no financial contributions or volunteer help to speak of.  The campaign gets little attention.  And the prophecy gets fulfilled.

Criticism of Schmidt
Hackett criticized Jean Schmidt as a "rubber stamp" for Ohio Governor Bob Taft's "failed policies" and said she would continue in that role for George W. Bush if elected. At their debate at Chatfield College, he said "If you think America is on the right track and we need more of the same, I'm not your candidate" and asked "Are you better off today than you were five years ago?", echoing Ronald Reagan's question in his debate with Jimmy Carter in 1980. "Rubber stamp" was Hackett's catchphrase throughout the campaign. Hackett even appeared in front of the Hathaway Rubber Stamp store in downtown Cincinnati on July 27, to emphasize the point.

"If you think America needs another career politician steeped in a culture of corruption who does as she's told and tows [sic] the line on failed policies, then I'm not your candidate," he wrote in a guest column for The Cincinnati Post. Hackett hammered on Schmidt's ethics. When she denied she knew or ever met Thomas Noe, at the center of the Coingate scandal at the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation, Hackett produced minutes from a meeting of the Ohio Board of Regents that showed Schmidt had indeed met with Noe, once a regent.

He laid out his positions in that Post column:
 * I'm for limiting government. I'm for fiscal responsibility.  I'm for a strong national defense.  I'm for fair trade.  This means I don't need Washington to tell me how to live my personal life or worship my God.  And I don't need Washington to dictate what decisions my wife can make with her doctor any more than I need Washington to tell me what guns I keep in my gun safe.  I fought for Iraq's freedom, not to come back and have a government tell me I can't have my freedom because the world is too dangerous.  Our freedoms are what make America great and desirable to the rest of the world and any government that wants to take away its people's freedoms under the pretense of national security is what makes the world more dangerous.

Hackett was highly critical of his opponent's record. On June 12, he went to Nicola's Ristorante on Sycamore Street in Cincinnati's Over-the-Rhine neighborhood to call attention to Schmidt and other members of the Ohio General Assembly having accepted dinner there and Cincinnati Bengals tickets from a lobbyist for pharmaceutical company Chiron, Richard B. Colby, on October 24, 2004, and failing to report the gifts on their financial disclosure statements. (The others were Representatives Jim Raussen of Springdale, Michelle G. Schneider of Madeira, and Diana M. Fessler of New Carlisle.) "What will she do in Washington when she's around real big money?" Hackett asked.

The Cincinnati Enquirer ran a front page story on July 2, reporting on the candidates financial disclosure statements that revealed both were millionaires. Hackett was worth between $650,000 and $1,600,000, while Schmidt was worth between $1,700,000 and $6,800,000, most of her wealth in the form of a real estate company owned with her three siblings, RTJJ, LLC. These figures did not include the value of either's home. The Hamilton County Auditor valued Hackett's home on 5 acre at $552,800 and the Clermont County Auditor valued Schmidt's home on .667 acre at $138,510.

Hackett told The Enquirer, "I'm a self-made guy. I didn't inherit it.  I didn't marry for it.  What you see is what I made in the last decade." The newspaper noted the median household income in the district was $46,813. Schmidt used her own wealth in the campaign. She told The Cincinnati Post the week before the election she put $200,000 of her money in the campaign that she had planned to use to buy a condominium in Florida.

Hackett was a strong advocate for the Second Amendment, but nevertheless lost the endorsement of the NRA Political Victory Fund to Jean Schmidt. Hackett, a long-time NRA member and holder of a concealed carry permit, told The Enquirer "I don't know what I have to do. I've gone against the grain in the Democratic party.  There isn't a bigger gun enthusiast than me." (A spokesman for the NRA said the endorsement was based on Schmidt's voting record in the Ohio House and that Hackett, having only served on a city council, did not have the voting record Schmidt did.) Schmidt also won the endorsements of the Fraternal Order of Police. The FOP's Keith Fangman criticized Hackett: "He has a track record of filing frivolous and malicious lawsuits against law enforcement officers in Clermont County," said Fangman because Hackett had represented a plaintiff in a suit against a Clermont County police officer. "That's what lawyers do," Hackett told The Cincinnati Enquirer. "We're not in the business of filing lawsuits we know are frivolous or malicious."

Both candidates talked of the environment. Hackett paddled down the Ohio River to call attention to its condition. Schmidt called for reducing America's dependence on foreign oil by increasing use of ethanol and drilling in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Hackett opposed drilling in ANWR.

The candidates participated in only two debates. The first was held on July 7, at Chatfield College in St. Martin in Brown County, moderated by Jack Atherton of WXIX-TV, the Fox Network affiliate in Cincinnati. Hackett told the audience his opponent was "a rubber stamp for failed policies" and "if you think America is on the right track and we need more of the same, I'm not your candidate." The second debate was held July 26, at the Ohio Valley Career and Technical School in West Union in Adams County. Howard Wilkinson of The Cincinnati Enquirer said Hackett in the second debate was "trying to paint Schmidt as a Taft-Bush robot." The two also made joint appearances on WCET-TV's Forum on July 28, and WKRC-TV's Newsmakers on July 31.

Hackett held campaign rallies in Waverly in the far eastern end of the district on July 11; in Loveland on July 19; Mariemont on July 20; and Lebanon, the northernmost part of the district, on July 21. Hackett arrived at many events on his Harley-Davidson motorcycle.

National attention on the race
Hackett attracted national attention to what had always been considered a safe Republican district. The New York Times ran a front-page story on him and articles appeared in USA Today and The Washington Post. USA Today wrote "if Democrats could design a dream candidate to capitalize on national distress about the war in Iraq, he would look a lot like the tall, telegenic Marine Reserve major who finished a seven-month tour of Iraq in March."

Schmidt made the Iraq War an issue in the race. She declared on WCET-TV's Forum that "9/11 was a wakeup call. We lost our innocence" and praised the Bush foreign policy. "The foundation of democracy that has been planted in Afghanistan and Iraq", she said, has inspired reforms in Saudi Arabia, Syria, Lebanon, and elsewhere. Schmidt always appeared in public with a button in her lapel containing a photograph of Keith Matthew Maupin, the only prisoner of war of the Iraq campaign. Hackett did not mince words about Iraq or President Bush. He told The New York Times Bush was "a chicken hawk" for pursuing the war after having avoided military service in the Vietnam War. The Times also quoted him as saying Bush was "the greatest threat to America." Hackett in the West Union debate contrasted what President Bush had said in the 2000 presidential debates to current events. "Guess what folks? We're nation-building!"

On July 19, Democratic campaign operative James Carville appeared at a fund-raiser for Hackett in downtown Cincinnati that raised $100,000. On July 21, Max Cleland, formerly a United States senator from Georgia, campaigned for Hackett at a rally in Blue Ash. John Glenn, the astronaut who later represented Ohio in the United States Senate, sent out an e-mail asking Democrats to volunteer for Hackett, and Glenn campaigned with him on July 30, in Cincinnati. Retired general and presidential candidate Wesley Clark also endorsed Hackett. Hackett also received campaign contributions from the Association of Trial Lawyers of America, the United Auto Workers, Cincinnati Bengals owner Mike Brown, and talk show host and former Cincinnati mayor Jerry Springer.

Democratic National Committee chairman Howard Dean sent out an e-mail appeal for Hackett which, combined with work by bloggers, helped raise over $475,000 in online contributions for Hackett, making him the first Democratic nominee in the Second District in years who could afford television advertisements. Hackett's ad began with a clip of President George W. Bush speaking to troops at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, on June 28, 2005, "There is no higher calling than service in our armed forces." Hackett's commercial then noted his service in the Marine Corps. The Washington Post noted the commercial "avoids any hint that the lawyer is a Democrat." Republicans were displeased. The Republican National Committee's lawyers wrote him saying the commercial deceived the public with "the false impression the President has endorsed your candidacy." Robert T. Bennett, chairman of the Ohio Republican Party, told The Cincinnati Post the commercials were "a blatant effort to dupe voters."

The National Republican Congressional Committee, the official Republican Party body that helps candidates for the United States House of Representatives, announced on July 28, it was spending $265,000 for television ads in the Cincinnati market, covering the western part of the district, and $250,000 for ads in the Huntington, West Virginia, market, covering the eastern half. Carl Forti told The Cincinnati Enquirer "we decided to bury him" after Hackett told USA Today, in a story published that morning, "I don't like the son-of-a-bitch that lives in the White House but I'd put my life on the line for him." Forti said the NRCC had "no concern that she will lose. She will not lose."

The NRCC ran commercials noting Hackett had voted for tax increases while on the Milford council and quoting his statement on his website that he would be "happy" to pay higher taxes. The full quotation, in regards to raising the cap of $90,000 that Social Security payroll taxes are levied on was
 * I for one would be paying more in Social Security taxes, but I'd be happy to. Why? Because we've all made a commitment to pass on a better America to our children. Our parents kept their word to us, and we have the same obligation. This pledge is a cornerstone of the American way of life. Those of us who have enjoyed success have a duty to uphold this commitment to our future generations.

Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, the NRCC's counterpart, responded with commercials noting that Schmidt had voted to raise the sales tax by 20 percent and the excise tax on gasoline by 30 percent when she was in the legislature. A mailing to voters by the DCCC reiterated these statements under the headline "Who Voted for the Taft Sales Tax Increase—the Largest in Ohio History?" and asked "can we trust Jean Schmidt to protect middle-class families in Washington?"

The Coalition Opposed to Additional Spending and Taxes, a Cincinnati-based group founded by Tom Brinkman (who lost the GOP primary to Schmidt), began running ads in the last week of July urging voters to skip the election. COAST's president, Jim Urling, told The Cincinnati Enquirer that this might help elect Hackett, but "we think it will be easier to remove a Democrat next year than an incumbent Republican posing as a conservative."

In the general election, the Democratic Dayton Daily News endorsed Hackett. The Daily News said Schmidt's attacks on Senators R. Michael DeWine and George V. Voinovich were "remarkably classless" and "seemed to be saying that voters who like legislators who exercise occasional independence from their party should not vote for her." The Daily News said Hackett was "not your classic suburban liberal" and urged "voter[s] looking for something beyond a conventional political background" to support him. The Cincinnati Post also endorsed Hackett. It noted Schmidt is the latest in a line of "Republican patricians" and "likely to be a dependable vote for the Bush administration" whereas Hackett is a gust of fresh air. If we had to put a label on him, it would be Libertarian Democrat. He says what he thinks and doesn't seem to have much use for the orthodoxy or the partisanship of either party."

The Cincinnati Enquirer wrote
 * Hackett is an attractive candidate with many qualities to admire . . . bright, personable and charismatic, with an aura of leadership. That he put a comfortable career on hold and put himself at great risk to serve his country merits our respect and thanks . . . But some of the positions he's staked seem simplistic and not terribly well thought-out. He says the entire Patriot Act should be rejected—even those provisions that actually have enhanced Americans' civil liberties. He dismisses No Child Left Behind as "Orwellian." Hackett is also a critic of President Bush's tax cuts.

Ultimately, the newspaper did not endorse Hackett. "The 2nd District will get a capable representative no matter which candidate prevails Tuesday. But it should get more local bang for its electoral buck if it sends Jean Schmidt to Washington," wrote the editors.

General election results
Hackett ultimately lost by a narrow margin, only 3.27 percent, the best showing of any Democrat in the district since 1974. These were the final certified numbers as reported on the Ohio Secretary of State's website.

Reaction to the results
Howard Wilkinson wrote in The Cincinnati Enquirer the morning after the election "the fact that Paul Hackett made it a very close election is nothing short of astounding... com[ing] close to pulling off a monumental political upset." Hackett won in the eastern, rural counties of Pike, Scioto, Brown, and Adams, while Schmidt won in the populous western counties of Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren. The Cincinnati Post editorialized Hackett's success in the eastern counties was in part from "the increasingly desperate struggle in rural areas to provide enough decent jobs for those who want them."

Following the election, many Democrats hailed the election as showing the weakness of Ohio's Republican party, which had been in control of Ohio state government for a decade, and public unhappiness with President Bush's policies. Hamilton County Democratic chairman Timothy Burke was delighted. "Paul was very critical of this president in a district that Bush carried easily last November, yet she barely hung on to win. There's a clear signal in that," he told The Cincinnati Post on election night. The Clermont County Democratic chairman, Dave Lane, told the Dayton Daily News "Here we are in the reddest of red districts and it was very, very close."

The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee claimed in a press release Hackett's strong showing meant trouble for Senator DeWine's re-election campaign in 2006, especially since his son R. Patrick DeWine had lost the Republican primary for the seat. "If Ohio is a bellwether state for next year's midterm elections, things don't look too good for the Republicans", claimed the DSCC. Republicans said the election meant nothing of the sort. "There is no correlation between what happens in a special election, where turnout is very low and you have circumstances that just aren't comparable to an election that happens on an Election Day in an election year," Brian Nick of the National Republican Senatorial Committee told The Cincinnati Post.

The Columbus Dispatch referred to "the trauma of barely winning a Congressional district long dominated by Republicans" and quoted an anonymous source in the Republican party claiming "there is not a tougher environment in the country than Ohio right now. There is kind of a meltdown happening." Amy Walter of the Cook Political Report told the Dispatch "Ohio becomes the microcosm for the debate Democrats are trying to have nationally" and Democrats would argue in future campaigns "'See what happens when one party rules too long, see what happens with corruption and insider influence.'" Her boss, Charlie Cook, told The Los Angeles Times Hackett's "rubber stamp" charge had resonated with Ohio voters.

Peter W. Bronson, a conservative columnist for The Cincinnati Enquirer, wrote "Hackett's surprising finish was less a repudiation of Bush than a repudiation of Ohio Governor Bob Taft, whose name is now officially radioactive poison." Bronson admitted Hackett "ran a strong campaign" but said he did so well only because of "the ugly primary" on the Republican side, fears that Schmidt was "another Taft RINO" (i.e., "Republican In Name Only"), and apathy by Republican voters, not dissatisfaction with Bush or Republicans in general.

John Nichols of The Capital Times (Madison, Wisconsin) saw it differently. "The district had been so radically gerrymandered by Republican governors and legislators that it was all but unrecognizable that a Democrat could ever be competitive there" and Hackett, "a smart telegenic Iraq war veteran," had been "swift-boated" in the final days of the campaign by Republican operatives and "right-wing talk hosts" such as Rush Limbaugh.

Mark Steyn, a conservative columnist who writes for National Review magazine, wrote in the Irish Times "Paul Hackett was like a fast-forward version of the John Kerry campaign" who "artfully neglected to mention the candidate was a Democrat." Steyn claimed any Democratic efforts to present Hackett's run as a success for the party were absurd.

Hackett told The Cincinnati Post he stood by his criticisms of George W. Bush:
 * Meant it, said it, stand by it. I'd say it again.  For every vote I may have lost because of it.  I probably picked up one or two.

One voter turned off was veteran Arthur Smith of Loveland, whose letter to the editor in The Cincinnati Enquirer on August 5, said Hackett
 * attempted to fool the voters by masking the stench of his liberalism, using President Bush and the uniform of the military as a deodorant... I voted for the tax-raising Schmidt but had to hold my nose to do it. I figured it was the lesser of the two evils.

Jerome Armstrong stated in TomPaine.com that the returns tapped into the growing movement within the Democratic Party willing to take the Republicans head on about the direction of this nation.

Former President Bill Clinton recognized Hackett in an October 23, 2006, speech saying "I hope Paul Hackett sees that his courage to make people see the truth about our policy in Iraq, is now sweeping the nation."

2006 campaign
Hackett on October 24, 2005, announced he would seek the Democratic nomination to challenge incumbent United States Senator Mike DeWine after rejecting a second run against Schmidt. Sherrod Brown, a congressman from northern Ohio and two-term Ohio Secretary of State, had rejected efforts by the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee to recruit him to the race in the summer of 2005 and had on August 17, publicly declared he would not run. Brown changed his mind and declared he would run, angering Hackett who claimed Brown had promised him he would stay out of the race, a claim Brown denies.

On February 13, 2006, Hackett announced that he was withdrawing from the race and ending his political career. Hackett told The New York Times that Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid and New York Senator Chuck Schumer recently had asked him to withdraw. He further contends that Schumer sabotaged his fundraising efforts and actively worked against his campaign. Hackett said, "For me, this is a second betrayal...first, my government misused and mismanaged the military in Iraq, and now my own party is afraid to support candidates like me." On March 14, 2006, he appeared on an episode of The Daily Show on a segment which satirized the mainstream Democratic Party's criticism of Hackett.

One issue Hackett faced in his campaign is the status of his Marine Corps Reserve unit, which may deploy back to Iraq during the campaign. Hackett had said he expected to return to Iraq in 2006.

Hackett later reconciled with Brown and backed his successful Senate campaign.

No rematch against Schmidt
Following the exit from the Senate race, Hackett declined to enter the race for the Democratic nomination in the 2nd Congressional District against Jean Schmidt, because he promised the Democratic candidates in that race that he would not run. As a result a number of candidates threw their names into the race, and Hackett kept his promise. Therefore, on May 2, Victoria Wulsin (who came second to Hackett in the 2005 Democratic primary to fill the vacancy caused by Portman's resignation) won the Democratic primary to challenge Schmidt. On May 8, The Cincinnati Enquirer speculated on the possibility that Wulsin would drop out, and allow Hackett to run in her place. This scenario did not occur, so there was no rematch.

Post-campaign
After withdrawing from the Senate race, Paul Hackett joined the Advisory Board of Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America political action committee (PAC) to support his fellow veterans running for Congress.

Hackett has also done some talk radio by substituting for Jerry Springer on his Air America Radio show Springer on the Radio, as well as for Ed Schultz on his show. It is not known whether Hackett wishes to continue working in talk radio.

On May 30, 2006, Hackett filed a class action lawsuit against the United States Department of Veterans Affairs over the compromise of personal information of 26.5 million veterans which may have fallen into the hands of a thief.

"After you've been in combat and you survived it, you've got this real energized sense that, 'I can accomplish anything,' and you view your country differently" he said for The Athens Messenger in February 2008, during a time he was endorsing anti-war veteran candidates such as J. Ashwin Madia of Minnesota via VoteVets.org, which created anti-war candidacy ads on the Internet, opposite Iraq Vets for Congress.

On February 17, 2010, Hackett endorsed Surya Yalamanchili in the Democratic primary for the Second District of Ohio.

title: Paul Hackett (politician)


text:
Talk:Fannie Flagg

Untitled
I can find no conformation of a marrage between her and Dick Sargent. However I did hear of them appearing on Tattletales together. However I also heard that by that point in the show they were no longer restricting themselves to married couples. I am moving that line here and adding her relationship with author Rita Mae Brown.

She was married to Dick Sargent for a while, apparently in an attempt to conceal from the Press the fact that she is a lesbian and he was gay.

--Arcaner 16:47, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Both her NNDB page and his NNDB page say they were married, though I don't know how authoritative that site is. --Angr (t·c) 20:05, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

There are some places where they are reported to be married (although that may all channel back to NNDB.com, as many sites pick up Wikipedia's text, and just run it as their own). I added what I think is a good compromise, saying that press reports had linked them (which they had, and which would not have been uncommon for two closeted actors to do) but that Sargent subsequently came out, et al. NickBurns 17:13, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Name??
I understand why she could not use her birth name (there was already an actress called Patricia Neal) but why did she take a pseudonym as silly as 'Fannie Flagg'? Tsuguya (talk) 20:58, 1 November 2009 (UTC)
 * According to Bhamwiki, her grandfather suggested the first name, and her friend Mary Hurt came up with the surname. The name "Fannie" hasn't always sounded as silly as it does now. --Dystopos (talk) 22:49, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

Dick
The source, Keehnen, makes no mention of Flagg. That makes the description of their relationship unsourced, and the Keehnen source irrelevant. Please read Keehnen before restoring this. Important note: this is a WP:BLP issue and not subject to WP:3RR.  Lionel (talk) 01:55, 5 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Some of the content here is controversial, is not adequately cited, and has been challenged.  BLP policy is clear on this sort of material.  It gets removed immediately until it can be cited from reliable sources (if ever). -- Escape Orbit  (Talk) 22:42, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

Cite for relationship with Rita Mae Brown
Rita Will spans several pages of information about Brown's relationship with Flagg. For most in the U.S., you can see the information in this link (I hope--GoogleBooks is always a crap shoot). But, curiously, there are no page numbers to cite which page I'm referencing. The passage in particular contains:

I found it by searching Rita Will on GoogleBooks and within the preview looking for "Fannie". Pages that include "Fannie Flagg" are not viewable.

As much time as I've been here, this one is troublesome to cite. I'm not sure how to do it. --Moni3 (talk) 22:26, 7 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Digging through the history, a previous reference was added in 2007, the link is dead now but it's on archive.org and another copy here: Now, those are not WP:RS hosts, but it's originally from a magazine so it might be possible to hunt down at a library for verification. User:SatyrTN added the current ref he doesn't seem very active anymore but it's possible he has access to the book for a quote. Siawase (talk) 23:00, 7 March 2011 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 14:57, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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Lesbian or Bisexual?
The article mentions her relationships with Rita Mae Brown and Susan Flannery, but I just saw this old clip of Match Game '75 where she goes ga-ga over a Middle School gym teacher. -User:DanTD (talk) 14:29, 3 December 2018 (UTC)
 * (First, to be specific, you mean a male middle school gym teacher.) Second, Fannie Flagg is and was an entertainer. The fact that she was willing to flirt with a male contestant on the air, as part of the show, doesn't say much, or really anything, about her real-life sexual orientation. --Metropolitan90 (talk) 04:42, 21 February 2021 (UTC)

Candid Camera
I know I saw Fannie Flagg co-hosting multiple episodes of Candid Camera. There's no mention of this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.111.97.151 (talk) 23:22, 26 September 2020 (UTC)

Match Game 77
Just saw an episode where she was wearing a 'Beverly Hills 90210' sweater, 13 years before the TV series. 2001:56A:FA85:3800:314D:1701:8158:6274 (talk) 19:53, 11 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fannie Flagg