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Porchetta

Porchetta is a savory, fatty, and moist boneless pork roast of Italian culinary tradition. The carcass is deboned and spitted or roasted traditionally over wood for at least eight hours, fat and skin still on. In some traditions, porchetta is stuffed with liver and wild fennel, though many versions do not involve stuffing. Porchetta is usually heavily salted and can be stuffed with garlic, rosemary, fennel, or other herbs, often wild. Porchetta has been selected by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policy as a prodotto agroalimentare tradizionale (PAT), one of a list of traditional Italian foods held to have cultural relevance.

In Italy
Although popular in the whole country, porchetta originated in central Italy, with Ariccia (in the province of Rome) being the town most closely associated with it. Elsewhere, it is considered a celebratory dish. Across Italy, porchetta is usually sold by pitchmen with their typically white-painted vans, especially during public displays or holidays, and it can be served in a panino. It's a common street food in Rome, and Lazio served as a filling for pizza bianca (lit. 'white pizza'). It is also eaten as a meat dish in many households or as part of a picnic.

Porchetta is one of the two iconic culinary products of the Lazio region, the other being sheep cheese pecorino romano. It is also common in Abruzzo. Porchetta abruzzese is generally slow roasted with rosemary, garlic, and pepper. Porchetta from Umbria is stuffed with the pig's chopped entrails mixed with lard, garlic, salt and plenty of pepper and wild fennel.

Porchetta trevigiana (from Treviso) was developed in 1919. In it, a pig is killed at one year old, and its meat is stuffed with salt, pepper, wild fennel, garlic and white wine. It is then roasted inside an oven for seven hours at 90 C. The porchetta is today a popular dish in Venetian cuisine.

The dish is also a staple of Sardinian cuisine. There it is known as porceddu and is roasted over juniper and myrtle wood fires.

In France
The porquette niçoise is registered officially as a typical product of Alpes-Maritimes in the list of dishes of Niçoise cuisine inscribed as intangible cultural heritage of UNESCO.

In the Niçoise tradition, the stuffing is made with the offal of the piglet (heart, liver, kidneys, and sweetbreads), which are blanched before being cut into strips. These offal parts are mixed with pork loin as well as thyme, bay leaves, garlic, and fennel seeds. After being stuffed, the piglet is marinated overnight in white wine before being cooked. During the cooking process, the piglet's skin is brushed with a mixture of water and honey. In the hinterland of Nice, the same recipe is often made with rabbit.

In North America
Porchetta was introduced to the United States by Italian immigrants of the early 20th century, especially immigrants from Abruzzo, and is sometimes referred to as "Italian pulled pork", "roast pork", or "Italian roast pork". It is, in many places, served on a sandwich with greens (rapini or spinach) and provolone cheese.

In the Upper Midwest, porchetta, more often spelled "porketta", was also introduced by Italian immigrants to the iron ranges of Minnesota and Michigan. Porketta remains a popular local dish in towns such as Hibbing, Minnesota, with distributors such as Fraboni Sausage.

title: Porchetta


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Hinduism in the West Indies

Hinduism is the leading single religion of the Indo-Caribbean communities of the West Indies. Hindus are particularly well represented in Guyana, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. The Cayman Islands also hosts a sizable Hindu population, with 2.4 percent of the country affiliating with the religion. Smaller groups of Indo-Caribbeans live elsewhere in the Caribbean, especially Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Belize, Barbados, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, and Bahamas.

Anguilla
The total Hindu population of Anguilla is 58 as of the 2011 Census. This represents 0.42% of the population and is an increase of 13 from the previous count of 45 (0.39%, taken from the 2001 Census). Hinduism is also the 7th fastest growing religion by percent (28.9%) and the 9th fastest by absolute change (13). Hindus also contributed 0.61% of the total population gain.

Antigua and Barbuda
The percentage of Hindus in Antigua and Barbuda as of the 2011 Census is 0.4%, or 379 adherents. This represented growth of more than 40% from the 2001 Census, which showed that there were 157 active followers. This growth made the number of Hindus surpass Presbyterians (170 to 142), Salvation Army (369 to 365) and Islam (189 to 208). The population is mainly made up of Indian immigrants, who alone make up over 1.1% of the total population. Most Hindus are from the category of Indian/East Indian, which makes up less than 5%.

Bahamas
According to the 2010 Census, there were a total of 428 Hindus living in the Bahamas, making up 0.12% of the total population. The 2010 census showed that slightly more than half of Hindus (around 220 people) in the Bahamas are younger than age 34.

Barbados
Today, Barbados has 2,000 Indians living in the country. They came as recently immigrants from Guyana. Because of the huge Indian population, Hinduism became one of the growing religions of Barbados. The 2000 Census showed the number of Hindus in Barbados to be at 840, which accounted for 0.34% of the total population. The 2010 Census showed that the number of Hindus rose by 215 people (or 25%) to be at 1,055. This increased Hinduism's share of the total Barbados population from 0.34% in 2000 to 0.46% in 2010.

Bermuda
Most of the Hindus in Bermuda are of South Indian/Tamil descent. The population of Hindu's in Bermuda is 0.2%.

Cayman Islands
Hinduism is the fastest growing religion in the Cayman Islands, with the population skyrocketing in recent years. Previously, there were only 98 Hindus in the Caymans according to the 2000 census (about 0.25% of the population). In the 2008 census, the number of Hindus increased to 510 (1% of the total population). The 2010 Census showed the number of Hindus decreasing to 454 (0.8% of the total Cayman Islands population). In 2021, the Hindu population increased to 1,671 (2.4% of the population).

Cuba
Hindus who live in Cuba accounted for 0.2% of the population in 2010.

Dominica
A non-negligible amount of Hindus live in Dominica, accounting for under 0.1% of the population.

Grenada
According to ARDA, there were 866 Hindus in Grenada accounting 0.7% of the total population in 2020.

Guadeloupe
Hinduism is a minority religion in Guadeloupe, followed by a small fraction of Indo-Guadeloupeans. According to a statistics data, Hinduism is practised by 0.5% of the people in Guadeloupe.

Martinique
Hinduism is followed in the Martinique by a small fraction of Indo-Martiniquais. As of 2007,Hinduism constitute 0.3% of the population of Martinique.

Jamaica
Jamaica was once home to 25,000 Hindus until the mid-20th century. However, most of them were converted to Christianity and assimilated into Afro population. In the last few decades, the population of Hindus in Jamaica decreased steeply. In the 1970s, 5,000 identified themselves as Hindus. Since then, the Hindu population of Jamaica has risen and it has become the second largest religion (after Christianity) in Jamaica. Diwali (pronounced Divali), the festival of lights, is celebrated in Jamaica every year. There were 1,453 Hindus in Jamaica according to the 2001 census. The 2011 Census showed that the number of Hindus in Jamaica increased by 383 people to be at 1,836 adherents. Hinduism's share of the total Jamaican population increased from 0.06% in 2001 to 0.07% of the population in 2011.

Montserrat
According to the 2001 census there were 31 Hindus in Montserrat, accounting for 0.8% of the total population and forming the 4th largest religious entity. Hindu males numbered 20 and made up 1.0% of the total number of males in the 2001 Census, with 11 Hindu females making up 0.6% of the female total.

Puerto Rico
As of 2020, there were 2,957 Hindus in Puerto Rico making 0.09% of the population according to ARDA.

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Hindus made up 1.82% of the total population of Saint Kitts and Nevis according to the 2010 census up from 0.8% in 2001. There are 860 Hindus in Saint Kittie and Nevis. Hinduism is currently the second largest religion in St. Kitts-Nevis after Christianity.

Saint Lucia
Most of the Indian community in Saint Lucia have converted to Christianity. Only 325 people were reported as Hindus in the 2001 census (0.2% of the total population census). The 2010 Census showed the percentage total of Hindus had increased to 0.3%. Most of them were recent immigrants. Of the original East Indian community, only 1-2% retains Hinduism.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
The 2000 census reported 83 Hindus in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines making up 0.08% of the total population. The 2000 Census showed that Hindus in St Vincent-Grenadines were overwhelmingly male, with only 77 females for every 100 males on average. The 2000 Census also showed a very youthful Hindu population, with less than 1.5% of Hindus being classified as "elder".

Trinidad and Tobago

Hinduism is a minority but significant religion in Trinidad and Tobago, making up over 18% in the 2011 census, the second largest religion in the islands. Hinduism has had a presence for 170 years, when the first Indians came to work. There are currently 240,100 Hindus in Trinidad and Tobago, with the decline resulting from emigration.

Turks and Caicos Islands
The Indian population in the Turks and Caicos Islands is mostly of Sindhi origin. The community mostly is employed in retail jewellery and electronics business, in addition to some doctors, nurses, teachers, chartered accountants and other sectors. Many Indians are self-employed, and some are employed in the local hospitality industry.

United States Virgin Islands
According to the 2011 census there were more than 528 Hindus in the United States Virgin Islands (1.9% of the population). Most of them were recent immigrants from India, and most of them reside on St. Thomas.

British Virgin Islands
According to the 1991 census, Hindus constituted 2.16% of the population of British Virgin Islands, which then decreased to 1.95% in the 2001 census. It further decreased to 1.88% in 2011 census.

Hindu populations according to the latest Census
24.33% (estimates of 2020)
 * Guyana: 213,282 or 31.0% (Census of 2020)
 * Suriname: 120,623 or 23.1% (Census of 2015)
 * Trinidad and Tobago: 240,100 or
 * Puerto Rico: 3,482 or 0.09% (Religious Intelligence 2006)
 * Jamaica: 1,836 or 0.07% (Census of 2011)
 * Barbados: 1,055 or 0.38% (Census of 2010)
 * St Lucia: 500 or 0.3% (Census of 2010)
 * Bahamas: 428 or 0.12% (Census of 2010)
 * US Virgin Islands: 400 or 0.4% (Census of 2000)
 * Antigua and Barbuda: 379 or 0.4% (Census of 2011)
 * St Kitts and Nevis: 860 or 1.82% (Census of 2011)
 * Grenada: 156 or 0.15% (Census of 2001)
 * St Vincent: 83 or 0.08% (Census of 2001)
 * Anguilla: 58 or 0.42% (Census of 2011)
 * Montserrat: 31 or 0.8% (Census of 2001)
 * Cayman Islands: 2.4% (Census of 2022)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hinduism in the West Indies


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Jannali

Jannali is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Jannali is located 28 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the Sutherland Shire. The majority of land use in Jannali is residential and bushland reserve, while the suburb is bisected by the north–south railway line. The majority of Jannali's enterprises are located close to the suburb's railway station.

History
Jannali is an Aboriginal word, meaning the Place of the Moon, originating from an unknown language as recorded by George Thornton. The Dharug language word for the Moon is 'yanada', and Jannali may be an alternative Anglicization of this.

The area began to develop with the arrival of the railway line in 1884. However, the railway station at Jannali was not built until 1931. The department of railways paid for the construction of the railway station and ramps while the local council paid for the road bridge over the line at the southern end of the station. This attracted residents to the suburb and many more homes were built after World War II when blocks of land were offered to returned servicemen.

Jannali had a 10-court squash centre between 1978 and 2001. The building has been demolished and offices and apartments built on the site. During the existence of the squash centre, Jannali Squash Club, which leased courts at the centre, produced many players of first grade standard and in the mid-1980s was considered Sydney's leading Squash Club and one of the strongest in Australia.

Transport
Jannali railway station is on the Illawarra line of the Sydney Trains network. Access to the platform for city-bound trains and the railway ticket office is off Janalli Avenue, while access to the platform for south-bound trains is off Railway Crescent.

U-Go Mobility buses (routes 967 and 968) link Jannali to Westfield Miranda, Oyster Bay, Kareela, Como West and Bonnet Bay.

Commercial and community-based enterprises
Shops and commercial businesses provide a broad range of services to the Jannali community. Most are centred on the main transport hub of the railway station and the bridge over the railway line. This bridge provides the only link for both automotive and pedestrian movement between the eastern and western portions of the Jannali community.

While the majority of enterprises are located on the eastern side of the railway line, i.e. along Railway Crescent and Box Road, further enterprises are located in White Street (off Railway Crescent). A small group of business are situated in Jannali Avenue on the western side of the railway line, as is Sutherland Shire Council's Kurranulla Aboriginal Resources Centre and the community hall.

Parks
The residential streets feature many houses, units, and local reserves which contain a diversity of flora and fauna. Jannali Reserve is a large recreational area on the western border. Playgrounds in the area include Charles Orwin Reserve (2 Davey Street, Jannali) and Alice Street Reserve (8 Alice Street, Jannali).

Education
The suburb has three public schools: the Jannali High School, Jannali Public School & Jannali East Public School. The Jannali High School was formed in 1992 from the amalgamation of Jannali Girls' High School (1953) and Jannali Boys' High School (1956). Jannali East primary opened in 1956.

The St George & Sutherland Community College (SGSCC) is housed in the former Jannali Girls High School grounds. SGSCC has over 40 staff and operates a range of courses including leisure, work skills, disability, international, school-age coaching, English, including courses at Diploma to Certificate IV levels.

Churches
There are several denominations of Christian churches in the suburb: Jannali Anglican Church, Jannali Uniting Church, Jannali Presbyterian Church, Jannali Congregational Church, Seechange Community Church.

Sport
The local soccer team is Como-West-Jannali Junior Soccer Club, based at Jannali Oval. Jannali also has a baseball club known as the "Comets", based at the playing fields at Soldiers Rd. The local rugby league team is the Como-Jannali Crocodiles who are based at Scylla Bay Oval in nearby Como.

As part of the boom in Squash in the late 1970s, on 30 October 1978, a new, state-of-the-art squash centre was opened by a local Member of Parliament. Maurie Keane at 48-54 Railway Crescent. The centre featured 10 competition squash courts, a gymnasium, and a sports therapist underneath. The centre closed in 2001, the squash boom having long ended, however during its time, the Jannali Squash Club rose to be one of the strongest in the country, winning several men's and women's first-grade premierships and at times reaching over 200 playing members from Jannali and neighbouring suburbs.

Population
In the 2021 Census, there were 6,632 people in Jannali, of whom 74.3% were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 4.7%, and China 2.2%. 81.9% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin at 2.0%. The top responses for religious affiliation were No Religion 38.2%, Catholic 23.4%, and Anglican 14.8%. The median weekly household income of $2,220 was higher than the national figure of $1,746.

Notable residents

 * Bill Collins, Movie Critic, Television Presenter
 * Clive James, author
 * Ray Martin, television presenter

title: Jannali


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John Ford (Tennessee politician)

John Newton Ford (born May 3, 1942 in Memphis, Tennessee), is a former Democratic member of the Tennessee State Senate and a member of Tennessee's most prominent African-American political family. He is the older brother of former U.S. Representative Harold Ford, Sr. and the uncle of former Tennessee U.S. Representative and 2006 United States Senate candidate Harold Ford, Jr.

In April 2007, Ford was convicted of federal bribery as part of the Operation Tennessee Waltz scandal. He served 52 months of a 66-month sentence in U.S. federal prison, from April 2008 to August 2012. Ford resigned from the Tennessee State Senate on May 28, 2005, in a letter to Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee, John S. Wilder.

The family
Six of Ford family patriarch N. J. Ford's sons and one daughter have been active in elective politics:

 * Harold Ford, Sr. was, in 1974, the first African American elected to Congress from Tennessee since Reconstruction. He served until 1997.
 * Harold Ford, Sr. was succeeded by his son, Harold Ford, Jr.
 * Joe Ford has long been involved in local politics. He was a Shelby County Commissioner and served as interim mayor of Shelby County in 2009 and 2010.
 * James Ford, now deceased, was a Shelby County commissioner.
 * Emmitt Ford served several terms as a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives.
 * Ed Ford served two terms on the Memphis City Council.
 * Ed Ford Jr. succeeded his father on the Memphis City Council.
 * Justin Ford, Ed Ford's nephew, served on the Shelby County Board of Commissioners.
 * Ophelia Ford served as a state senator in the Tennessee General Assembly, representing District 29 from 2005 to 2014.

Early life
Ford grew up with 11 brothers and sisters on Horn Lake Road in the West Junction neighborhood of South Memphis and graduated from Geeter High School in 1960. He attended Tennessee State University in Nashville, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1964. Ford attended John A. Gupton College in Nashville, receiving an associate's degree in mortuary science, qualifying him to apply for a license as a funeral director.

Ford attended Memphis State University (now the University of Memphis), where he was active in Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, and earned a master's degree in 1978. He is a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Political career
Ford was first elected to the Memphis City Council in 1971 representing South Memphis District 6 and served until 1979. He was elected to the Tennessee Senate in 1974, the same year his brother, Harold Sr., was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.

Ford was re-elected state senator seven times, rarely facing serious opposition. He served in the senate for more than 30 years. He was elected as Shelby County General Sessions Court Clerk, serving from 1992 to 1996.

In the state senate, Ford was chairman of the General Welfare, Health, and Human Resources Committee. Ford became prominent in the National Conference of State Legislators and the National Caucus of Black State Legislators, where he served as chairman of the Shelby County legislative delegation. He also served one term as Speaker pro Tempore of the Tennessee Senate.

Bribery conviction
On May 26, 2005, Ford was arrested by the FBI, along with two other Tennessee state senators, a Tennessee state representative, a former state senator, a Chattanooga school board member, and an African-American political activist, for alleged participation in a bribery scheme utilizing a "sting" operation involving a bogus electronics recycling company lobbying for favorable treatment under state law. Known as Operation Tennessee Waltz, the sting operation resulted in multiple charges being brought against Ford and other politicians. His arrest came the day after his nephew Harold Ford, Jr., announced his candidacy for the United States Senate.

On April 27, 2007, Ford was convicted by a federal jury in Memphis of accepting $55,000 in bribes. The jury deadlocked on the more serious charge of extortion, creating a mistrial on that count. He was acquitted on three counts of witness intimidation.

On August 28, 2007, Ford was sentenced to 66 months in federal prison, to be followed by two years of supervised release. He was also facing corruption charges in Nashville, Tennessee for accepting bribes totaling more than $800,000 from medical contractors doing business with the state.

On April 29, 2008, Ford reported to U.S. federal prison in Louisiana. On April 14, 2011, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned a portion of the convictions against Ford on jurisdictional grounds. He was released from prison in August 2012.

title: John Ford (Tennessee politician)


text:
Aurora F.C.

Aurora Fútbol Club is a Guatemalan professional football club. They are based in Guatemala City and play their home matches in the Estadio Cementos Progreso. Once one of the most powerful teams in the country and a traditional rival of fellow local teams Municipal and Comunicaciones, the team has now been relegated to a lower division, although they remain the third-most successful team in Guatemalan football. Their uniform is black and yellow vertical striped shirt and black shorts.

History
The club is owned by the Guatemalan Army and was founded on April 14, 1945, as Aurora de la Guardia de Honor, a name that was shortened to Aurora F.C. in 1946. Having joined the Liga Mayor in 1947, they have won eight league titles, 10 second place finishes and two international titles.

During the 1960s decade, they won their first three national league titles, which came in a span of four years, in the 1964, 1966, and 1967–68 seasons. The three championships came under Uruguayan coach Rubén Amorín. In 1975, they won their fourth league title, repeating the feat in 1978. The 1970s also brought international success, as they won the Copa Fraternidad in 1976 by beating some of the best teams in Central America, including defending champions Platense, thanks in good part to the attacking duo Pennant and René Morales each contributing with a tournament-high seven goals to the successful run. Aurora would go on to win another Copa Fraternidad title in 1979. Two more league titles came in the 1980s, one in 1984 and the other in 1986, the former while being managed by coach Rubén Amorín and the latter under Jorge Roldán, who also led them to another title in the 1992–93 season, the eighth and last championship won by Aurora to date.

In 2005, they shocked local fans and media when they were relegated to Primera División after 60 years of playing in the top flight.

List of coaches

 * 🇺🇾 Rubén Amorín (1958–71), (1984)
 * 🇨🇱 Néstor Valdés Moraga (1973)
 * 🇬🇹 Jorge Roldán (1974–75), (1979), (1986–87), (1992–93), (1996–97)
 * 🇦🇷 Omar Muraco (1975–76)
 * 🇨🇷 Marvin Rodríguez (1978)
 * 🇦🇷 Juan Quarterone (1980)
 * 🇬🇹 Carlos Alberto Mijangos (1988)
 * 🇬🇹 José Luis Estrada (1994–95)
 * 🇬🇹 Felipe Antonio Carías (2000)
 * 🇬🇹 Alfredo López (2001)
 * 🇬🇹 Mariano Aguirre (2007)
 * [[Image:Flag of Uruguay.svg|20px]] Gustavo Faral (2009)
 * 🇬🇹 Tomas Castillo
 * 🇦🇷 Diego Cerutti (2021)
 * 🇺🇾 Gustavo Machaín (2021–2022)
 * 🇬🇹 Gabriel Castillo (2022–)

Honours

 * Liga Nacional de Guatemala titles: 8
 * 1964, 1966, 1967–68, 1975, 1978, 1984, 1986, 1992–93

 * '''Primera División de Ascenso titles: 1
 * Apertura 2020

 * Copa de Guatemala: 4
 * 1958–59, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1984

 * Copa Fraternidad: 2
 * 1976, 1979
 * Runner-up (3): 1972, 1975, 1983

Performance in CONCACAF competitions

 * CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup: 1 appearance
 * 1994 – Finalist

 * Campeón Copa Interclubes UNCAF: 2
 * 1976, 1979

title: Aurora F.C.


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Hinduism in Trinidad and Tobago

Hinduism in Trinidad and Tobago is the second largest religion. Hindu culture arrived to Trinidad and Tobago in 1845, with the arrival of the first Indian indentured laborers, the overwhelming majority of which were Hindu. According to the 2011 census there were 240,100 declared Hindus in Trinidad and Tobago.

History
A decade after slavery was abolished in 1834, the British government gave permission for the colonists to import indentured labor from India to work on the estates. Throughout the remainder of the century, Trinidad's population growth came primarily from Indian laborers. By 1871, there were 27,425 Indians, approximately 22 percent of the population of Trinidad and Tobago; by 1911 that figure had grown to 110,911, or about 33 percent of all residents of the islands.

During the initial decades of Indian indenture, Indian cultural forms were met with either contempt or indifference by the non-Hindu majority. Hindus have made many contributions to Trinidad history and culture even though the state historically regarded Hindus as second class citizens. Hindus in Trinidad struggled over the granting of adult franchise, the Hindu marriage bill, the divorce bill, cremation ordinance, and others. Cremation was allowed in 1953.

There has been persistent discontent among the Hindus with their marginalization. Many groups portray Hindus as "clannish, backward and miserly". During the General Elections of 1986, the absence of the Bhagvad Gita and the Quran at polling stations for required oath-taking was interpreted as a gross insult to Hindus and Muslims. The absence of any Hindu religious texts at the official residence of the President of Trinidad and Tobago during the swearing in of the new Government in 1986 was perceived as another insult to the minority communities since they were represented in the government. The national education system and curriculum have been repeatedly accused of such majority-oriented symbolism. The use of discernibly oriented prayers at Government schools, the non-representation of Hinduism in approved school textbooks, and the lack of emphasis on Hindu religious observance evoked deep resentment from the Hindu community. Intensified protests over the course of the 1980s led to an improvement in the state's attitudes towards Hindus.

The divergence of some of the fundamental aspects of local Hindu culture, the segregation of the Hindu community from Trinidad, and the disinclination to risk erasing the more fundamental aspects of what had been constructed as "Trinidad Hinduism" in which the identity of the group had been rooted, would often generate dissension when certain dimensions of Hindu culture came into contact with the State. While the incongruousness continue to generate debate, and often conflict, it is now tempered with growing awareness and consideration on the part of the state to the Hindu minority. Hindus have been also been subjected to conversions by Christian missionaries, specifically the evangelical and Pentecostal Christians. Such activities reflect racial tensions that at times arise between the Afro-Trinidadian and Indo-Trinidadian communities.

Demographics
As per the 2011 Census, there were 240,100 Hindus in Trinidad and Tobago. Out of this, 232,104 were Indian, 2,738 were Dougla (mixed African/Indian), 2,466 were Mixed/Other,  1,887 Unknown ethnicity, 346 African, 175 Chinese, 27 European, 302 Indigenous Amerindian, 46 Other, and 8 Portuguese. Talking about the proportion within the ethnic groups, 49.54% of the East Indians and 21.66% of the Indigenous were Hindu. So were 4.37% of the Chinese, 2.70% of Douglas (mixed African/East Indian), 1.23% of the Mixed/Other and 0.08% of the Africans.

Hindu population according to the administrative division is as follows: Port of Spain- 1.45%, San Fernando- 10.70%, Arima- 4.39%, Chaguanas- 30.04%, Point Fortin- 3.87%, Couva- 31.26%, Diego Martin- 1.83%, Mayaro- 22.46%, Penal- 42.98%, Princes Town- 26.99%, San Juan- 8.35%, Sangre Grande- 15.41%, Siparia-23.37%, Tunapuna- 14.07%, and Tobago- 0.67%.

Sects, denominations, and organizations
Source:
 * Sanātanī, the orthodox sect being the largest and most dominant Hindu sect in Trinidad and Tobago, with notable influence from Ramanandi Vaishnavism, Shaivism (Daśanāmi Sampradaya (Gosines)/Aghoras), Smartism, Shaktism, Sauraism, Vedanta (incl. Vishishtadvaita), and other Hindu traditions
 * Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha, the major Sanātanī group in Trinidad and Tobago
 * SWAHA International, a smaller Sanātanī group
 * Arya Samaj
 * Arya Pratinidhi Sabha
 * Vedic Mission
 * Kabir Panth
 * Seunariani (Sieunarini/Siewnaraini/Shiv Narayani)
 * Shiva Dharam Sabha, formerly known as the Seunarine Dharam Sabha
 * Aughar (Aghor/Owghur)
 * Ravidas Panth
 * Kali Mai (Madrasi)
 * Murugan (Kaumaram)
 * Chinmaya Mission
 * Bharat Sevashram Sangha
 * Sathya Sai Baba movement/Sathya Sai Organization
 * Shirdi Sai Baba movement
 * Jagadguru Kripalu Parishat (Radha Madhav)
 * ISKCON
 * Ganapathi Sachchidananda movement
 * Divine Life Society
 * Brahma Kumaris
 * Blue Star

Hindu organisations and holidays
The major Hindu organisation in Trinidad and Tobago is the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha founded by Bhadase Sagan Maraj, and formerly led by his son-in-law Secretary General Satnarayan Maharaj, is led by his grandson, Secretary General Vijay Maharaj. The Hindu festival of Diwali is a public holidays in Trinidad and Tobago, and along with Phagwah, it is widely celebrated in Trinidad and Tobago by people of all races, ethnicities, cultures, and religions. Others Hindu festivas such as: Ram Navami, Sita Navami, Vivaha Panchami, Maha Shivaratri, Navaratri, Chhath Puja, Krishna Janmaashtami, Radhastami, Dussehra, Kartik Purnima, Guru Purnima, Karagam Puja, Tulsi Vivah, Makar Sankranti, Ratha Saptami, Ahoi Ashtami, Pitru Paksha, Hanuman Jayanti, Ganesh Chaturthi, Raksha Bandhan, Gandhi Jayanti, Vasant Panchami, and are also celebrated.

Caste
As in other parts of the Caribbean, South Africa, Fiji, and Mauritius, caste distinctions are all but forgotten among Trinidadian Hindus. Considerations of caste became less important in choosing a spouse largely because there were so few women among the Indian indentured workers.

Cremation
Cremation is permitted at five cremation sites in Mafeking (Mayaro-Rio Claro), South Oropouche (Siparia), Waterloo (Couva-Tabaquite-Talparo), Felicity (Chaguanas) and Caroni (Tunapuna-Piarco).

title: Hinduism in Trinidad and Tobago


text: User talk:81.129.184.162

title: User talk:81.129.184.162


text:
Pennsylvania General Assembly

The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the legislature of the U.S. commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg. In colonial times (1682–1776), the legislature was known as the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and was unicameral. Since the Constitution of 1776, the legislature has been known as the General Assembly. The General Assembly became a bicameral legislature in 1791. As of 2024, it is the only state legislature in the country in which Democrats and Republicans each control one chamber.

Membership
The General Assembly has 253 members, consisting of a Senate with 50 members and a House of Representatives with 203 members, making it the second-largest state legislature in the nation, behind New Hampshire, and the largest full-time legislature.

Senators are elected for a term of four years. Representatives are elected for a term of two years. The Pennsylvania general elections are held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November in even-numbered years. A vacant seat must be filled by special election, the date of which is set by the presiding officer of the respective house.

Senators must be at least 25 years old, and Representatives at least 21 years old. They must be citizens and residents of the state for a minimum of four years and reside in their districts for at least one year. Individuals who have been convicted of felonies, including embezzlement, bribery, and perjury, are ineligible for election; the state Constitution also adds the category of "other infamous crimes," which can be broadly interpreted by state courts. No one who has been previously expelled from the General Assembly may be elected.

Legislative districts are drawn every ten years, following the U.S. Census. They are drawn by a five-member commission, of which four members are the majority and minority leaders of each house (or their delegates). The fifth member, who chairs the committee, is appointed by the other four and may not be an elected or appointed official. If the leadership cannot decide on a fifth member, the State Supreme Court may appoint him or her.

While in office, legislators may not hold civil office. Even if a member resigns, the Constitution states that the legislator may not be appointed to civil office for the duration of the term to which the legislator was elected.

Legislative sessions

The General Assembly is a continuing body within the term for which its representatives are elected. It convenes at 12 o'clock noon on the first Tuesday of January each year and then meets regularly throughout the year. Both houses adjourn on November 30 in even-numbered years, when the terms of all members of the House and half the members of the Senate expire. Neither body can adjourn for more than three days without the consent of the other.

The governor may call a special session in order to press for legislation on important issues. As of 2017, only 35 special sessions have been called in the history of Pennsylvania.

The Assembly meets in the Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg, which was completed in 1906. Under the Pennsylvania Constitution, the Assembly must meet in the City of Harrisburg and can move only if given the consent of both chambers.

History
The Pennsylvania General Assembly has a lengthy history as one of the most openly corrupt state legislatures in the United States, going back over two centuries to the era of the Thirteen Colonies. In 1794, while visiting western Pennsylvania, Alexander Hamilton wrote to Rufus King: "The political putrefaction of Pennsylvania is greater than I had any idea of".

During the 19th century, the culture of corruption in the General Assembly got so bad that from 1866 to 1873, about 8,700 of 9,300 acts passed in that timeframe were local or special acts. The frustration of the people of the Commonwealth with its legislature finally boiled over in 1871 and resulted in a 1873 constitutional convention and a 1874 constitutional amendment. One of the amendment's reforms was to prohibit the General Assembly from writing statutes covering more than one subject.

Unfortunately, the amendment (today found at Section 3 of Article III of the Pennsylvania Constitution) was so poorly written that it also prevented the General Assembly from undertaking a comprehensive codification of the Commonwealth's statutes until another amendment was pushed through in 1967 to provide the necessary exception. This is why Pennsylvania remains the only U.S. state that has not yet completed a comprehensive codification of its general statutory law. Since 1970, Pennsylvania has been undertaking its first official codification process, resulting in the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes. With over 300 years of uncodified statutes to go through, the codification process is still not yet complete after over five decades of work.

Pennsylvania State Senate
President Pro Tempore: Kim Ward (R)

Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Speaker of the House of Representatives: Joanna McClinton (D)

title: Pennsylvania General Assembly


text:
Hunter pacing

A hunter pace is a form of competition involving horses and riders. In a hunter pace a trail is marked for horse and rider to follow. On the day of the competition, early in the morning, the hosts of the event send an experienced horse and rider to ride the trail as fast as it is safely possible to do so. This morning ride is called "the dead body run", and it establishes two things:
 * 1. that the trail is clear and safe for the competitors
 * 2. The "pace time"

The pace time is the ideal time to safely but quickly ride the set trail. When the competitors arrive they send out teams of three or four to ride the trail. Checkpoints set along the ride ensure that the riders are staying on course and are not overworking their horses. Each group of riders is timed. Riders are penalized for either riding too fast and beating the pace time, or too slow and taking longer than the pace time. The group to come closest to the pace time wins the competition, whether over or under the "pace" time.

title: Hunter pacing


text:
Hinduism in Cuba

Hinduism is a minority religion in Cuba. Hinduism is followed by 0.2% of the population of Cuba. ISKCON also has a presence in the country.

Demographics
In 2007, Cuba had about 23,927 Hindus.

title: Hinduism in Cuba


text: Category:Telecommunications equipment

title: Category:Telecommunications equipment


text:
Van McCoy

Van Allen Clinton McCoy (January 6, 1940 – July 6, 1979) was an American record producer, arranger, songwriter and singer. He is known for his 1975 internationally successful hit "The Hustle". He has approximately 700 song copyrights to his credit, and produced songs by such recording artists as Brenda & the Tabulations, David Ruffin, The Stylistics, The Presidents, Faith, Hope & Charity, New Censation, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Aretha Franklin, Peaches & Herb, Lesley Gore, and Stacy Lattisaw.

Early life
Van McCoy was born on January 6, 1940, in Washington, D.C., the second child of Norman S. McCoy, Sr. and Lillian Ray. He learned to play piano at a young age and sang with the Metropolitan Baptist Church choir as a youngster.

By the age of 12, he had begun writing his own songs, in addition to performing in local amateur shows alongside his older brother, Norman Jr. The two brothers formed a doo-wop combo named the Starlighters with two friends while in Theodore Roosevelt High School. In 1956, they recorded a single entitled, "The Birdland", a novelty dance record. It gained some interest, resulting in a tour with saxophonist Vi Burnside. In 1959, the Starlighters produced three singles for End Records that included "I Cried". Marriage and other commitments eventually caused the group to disband during the mid-1950s. Van also sang with a group called the Marylanders.

Musical background
In September 1958, McCoy entered Howard University to study psychology but dropped out after two years in order to relocate to Philadelphia, where he formed his own recording company, Rockin' Records, releasing his first single, "Hey Mr. D.J.", in 1959. This single gained the attention of Scepter Records owner Florence Greenberg, who hired McCoy as a staff writer and A&R representative for the label. As a writer there, McCoy composed his first success, "Stop the Music", for the popular female vocal group The Shirelles in 1962. He was co-owner of Vando Records with Philly D.J. Jocko Henderson. He owned the Share record label and co-owned the Maxx record label in the mid-1960s, supervising such artists as Gladys Knight & the Pips, Chris Bartley and The Ad Libs.

He came into his own after first working for top producers Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller as a writer, and then signing with the major April-Blackwood music publishing concern, connected with Columbia Records. McCoy went on to write a string of hits as the 1960s progressed. He penned "Giving Up" for Gladys Knight & the Pips (later a hit for both The Ad Libs and Donny Hathaway), "The Sweetest Thing This Side of Heaven" for Chris Bartley, "When You're Young and in Love" for Ruby & the Romantics (later a hit for The Marvelettes), "Right on the Tip of My Tongue" for Brenda & the Tabulations, "Baby I'm Yours" for Barbara Lewis, "Getting Mighty Crowded" for Betty Everett, "Abracadabra" for Erma Franklin, "You're Gonna Make Me Love You" for Sandi Sheldon, and "I Get the Sweetest Feeling" for Jackie Wilson.

A songwriting partner for Van McCoy was Joe Cobb. With McCoy, Cobb composed at least eighteen chart hits. They include "So Much Love" by Faith, Hope & Charity, "Triangle of Love (Hey Diddle Diddle)" by The Presidents, "Right on the Tip of My Tongue" by Brenda & the Tabulations, and "Come Back and Finish What You Started" by Gladys Knight & the Pips.

Late 1950s to late 1960s
Cash Box reported in the June 13, 1964, issue that McCoy was appointed to the position of staff writer for the music publishing company April-Blackwood Music. He was working under Jerry Teifer. His duties included writing music and lyrics for all their labels, major and independent labels. He also had the responsibility to maintain the liaison with artists and producers. At that time, McCoy's composition "Giving Up" by Gladys Knight & the Pips was doing well in the charts. It was at no. 56 in the Cash Box Top 100 and no. 10 in the Cash Box Top 50 in R&B Locations chart.

In 1965, Barbara Lewis had the Van McCoy–composed "Baby I'm Yours" released. She was originally reluctant to record it. It went to no. 11 that year.

 * Daedalus Productions - VMP Productions

By July 1965, McCoy and David Kapralik had formed Daedalus Productions. Their first production was to be a release by The Spellbinders. At the time, McCoy's composition "Before and After" by Chad and Jeremy and "Baby I'm Yours" by Barbara Lewis were both in the Cash Box Top 100.

Around 1965, McCoy was promoting the Sweet Things, a female vocal outfit. Walking into a Washington, D.C., record store one day, he got roped into giving a young salesman there an audition. This took place in the storeroom. Not too long after that he had an idea that he could put the salesman, Herb Fame, together with the Sweet Things lead singer Francine Barker, and they would be a duo. And that was the beginning of Peaches & Herb. He ended up arranging and co-producing their first hit, "Let's Fall in Love", for the Columbia subsidiary Date in 1966.

In 1966, he started his own short-lived label, Vando.

An article appeared in the March 11, 1967 issue of Cash Box informing readers that McCoy had left Daedalus Productions and had started his own production company, VMP (Van McCoy Productions ). McCoy's new company would form new labels and have the product distributed via independents. It would also produce artists for various labels. At the time of print, a Daedalus production that McCoy had arranged, produced and conducted, "Let's Fall in Love" by Peaches & Herb was in the charts. Also the previous week, a Sandi Sheldon record ("You're Gonna Make Me Love You" ) had been released by Okeh Records. It was done under the banner of Soul Sound Productions.

1970s
One outfit Van wrote or produced most consistently for was The Presidents, who had the hit "5-10-15-20 (25-30 Years of Love)".

In the early 1970s, McCoy had begun a long, acclaimed collaboration with songwriter/producer Charles Kipps, and arranged several hits for the soul group The Stylistics etc.

McCoy also had success with David Ruffin's comeback album, Who I Am (1975), featuring "Walk Away from Love", (US number 9, US number 1 R&B) in the US and a UK top 10 success. He went on to produce the next two albums for Ruffin, which spawned further successes. His early discovery, Faith, Hope And Charity, had major success in 1975 with "To Each His Own". It was another R&B chart-topper. Also in 1975, he arranged two of his compositions, "My Heart's Too Big for My Head" and "You've Got to Tell Her", for the Asha Puthli album She Loves to Hear the Music.

An example of multiple McCoy compositions in the same chart was for the week ending November 15, 1975, in the Billboard Hot Soul Singles Chart. In addition to his hit "Change with the Times", which at week 6 was at no. 8, there was "To each His Own" by Faith Hope & Charity at no. 10 at week 14, "When You're Young and in Love" by Choice Four at no. 71 at week 11 and "I Destroyed "Your Love" by Special Delivery at no. 71 at week 5.

For the week ending May 8, 1976, McCoy had four of his compositions in the Billboard Hot Soul Singles Chart. At week ten, "Heavy Love" by David Ruffin was at no. 17, and "This is It" by Melba Moore at week six was at no. 29. His own single, "Night Walk" was on its fourth week at no 52, and "Hey What's that Dance You're Doing" by The Choice Four on week five was at no. 60.

1976 was the year that McCoy produced Melba Moore's "This Is It" and "Lean on Me".

Having changed the name of their production company Whitehouse Productions to McCoy-Kipps Productions in early 1976, McCoy and Charles Kipps had entered a new venture towards the end of that year. They had entered a production agreement to produce two albums of new R&B acts. A McCoy-Kipps Productions bio sheet for Kipps indicated that one of the artists could be actress Tamara Dobson. Dobson had signed with MCA sometime in the later part of 1976. Confirmation of things in motion appeared in the November 27 issue of Billboard. Dobson was the first artist to have a release scheduled for early 1977. Prior to that, in 1975 and 1976 McCoy had been seen escorting Dobson as well as dancing with her various venues.

During 1977, he produced Gladys Knight & the Pips' Still Together LP.

1950s
McCoy along with brother Norman and two schoolmates, Freddy Smith and Paul Comedy formed The Starlighters. He was still at Dunbar High School at the time. It was then after he had transferred to Roosevelt High School in D.C. that "The Birdland" was recorded in 1956. The group later recorded "I Cried" which was released on the End Records label in 1959.

1960s
On July 8, his single "Mr. D. J." entered the Cash Box Looking Ahead chart at no. 42, then peaking at no. 5 on August 19. It would also get to #101 on the Billboard chart. Making note of McCoy's success with "Mr. D. J.", Cash Box reviewed his single "Girls are Sentimental" / "Baby Don't Tease Me" (Rockin’ 1012). In the Pick of The Week section, the reviewer gave the A-side love ballad beat song and the B-side cha-cha beat romance song national potential.
 * First solo hit, Mr. DJ
 * Further activities

Having met Kendra Spotswood (also known as Sandi Sheldon), who lived near his family in 1961, she became his romantic interest, and they became an item. For the next five years, they would sing and record music together professionally. Their relationship ended when McCoy delayed their wedding plans because of a work contract he had signed with Columbia Records.

By 1965, Columbia Records had recently acquired Van McCoy. McCoy's history as a songwriter was known in the industry. Managed at the time by David Kapralik, it was Kapralik who made McCoy known to Columbia vice-president, William P. Gallagher. Columbia wanted to push him as a recording artist. An article in the October 2 issue of Billboard wrote that the label was using its muscle in a promotion strategy to pitch him via a coast-to-coast tour of radio stations, extensive trade advertising, and promotional mailing to disk jockeys etc. Amongst this, there was to be a cover story about McCoy on the record company's nationally distributed company magazine, Insight.
 * Solo career on Columbia

The first single for the label consisted of two McCoy originals, "Butterfly" and "Keep Loving Me". The single at the time had "Keep Loving Me" as the A-side. Backed with "Butterfly", it was arranged by Gary Sherman, and was released on Columbia 43415. The October 2 issue of Billboard had it in the Pop Spotlights Top 60 section, a record predicted to reach the top 60 of the HOT 100 Chart. The following week, Billboard ran a picture of McCoy seated, signing his contract with Columbia vice-president William P. Gallgaher and manager Dave Kapralik looking on. A full page advert for the single with McCoy pictured appeared on page 5 of the same issue.

It charted in Canada, making its debut in the R. P. M. Play Sheet chart at no. 36 on the week of October 25. In her New York column, Harriet Wasser (R. P. M.'s New York correspondent ) mentioned that McCoy singing on "Butterfly" sounded a bit like Nat King Cole and Johnny Mathis. With the magazine now calling itself, R. P. M. Music Weekly the single peaked at no. 10 on the week of December 6. In 1966, McCoy recorded a solo LP for Columbia entitled Night Time Is Lonely Time. It was produced by Mitch Miller.

1970s
In 1972, he released his own solo LP on the Buddah label, Soul Improvisations. The album included a minor hit, "Let Me Down Easy", but it was not a success following poor promotion. A few years later, following his success with The Hustle, it would be re-released in abridged form (two songs less) as From Disco to Love. He would form his own orchestra, Soul City Symphony and, with singers Faith, Hope and Charity, produce several albums and give many performances.

In 1975, McCoy released to low expectations the mostly instrumental LP Disco Baby for the Avco (later H&L) label. The title song, "Disco Baby", was written by George David Weiss, Hugo Peretti and Luigi Creatore, and was also performed by The Stylistics for their 1975 album Thank You Baby. Unexpectedly, a single called "The Hustle" from the album, written about the dance of the same name and recorded last for the album, went to the top of both the Billboard pop and R&B charts (also No. 3 in the UK) and won a Grammy Award. The album was also nominated for a Grammy. McCoy, then regarded as a disco hitmaker, never repeated the success of the song, although later singles "Party", "That's the Joint" and "Change with the Times" would get significant airplay. The latter would reach No. 6 in the Billboard R&B chart and be a top 40 hit in the UK.
 * Mainstream success

For the week of April 26, 1975, while "The Hustle" was at no. 7 on the Record World Disco File Top 20. He also had four of his songs on the Discotheque Hit Parade. "The Hustle" was getting spun at the Flamingo in New York as well as The Zanzibar at Washington, D.C., and The Directoire in New York. "Fire" was getting played at Disco 1985 in Los Angeles, "Disco Baby" was being played at The Zanzibar as well as "Turn this Mother Out".

On June 19, 1975, McCoy was in Montreal, Canada, attending a reception hosted by Quality Records at the Limelight night club. There he was presented with a giant award with the inscription, "Presented to Van McCoy by Quality Records Limited, in recognition of "Love Is the Answer" for the song's achieving hit status in Quebec. The function was to also commemorate the first concert appearance of Van McCoy and the Soul City Symphony at the Montreal Forum the next day on the 20th.

Making its debut on the Cash Box Top 100 R&B chart for the week of September 27, 1975, "Change with the Times" was at no. 78. Also that week, another composition of his, "To Each His Own" by Faith Hope and Charity was at no. 12 in the same chart. "Change with the Times" peaked at no. 8 on the Top 100 R&B Singles chart on the week of November 22. It had also on made its debut on the week of October 4 in the Cash Box Top 100 Singles chart at no. 89, just behind by Silver Convention's "Fly, Robin, Fly" which was also making its debut. On the week of November 8, the single got to no. 52 on the Cash Box Top 100 chart, and held that position for another week.

Tuesday, April 27, 1976, was a recognition day for Van McCoy. He was honored by members of the Washington broadcasting and political community. It was in recognition for his impact in disco. Involved in the celebration and sponsoring it were Douglas Stereo, Sam K's Record Shop, Gerrie's International House of Music and Universal Discount Records. They were joined Ray Mott, owner of the Sagittarius restaurant. The disco party was held there. The day also involved 60 second radio spots on most stations. The spots had been purchased by H & L Records. Events included McCoy visiting each of the record stores. He did interviews with radio stations WKYS, WOL and WHUR with the latter honoring his in their programs all day. He also did interviews for television stations which included TTG -TV.
 * Van McCoy Day

On New Years Eve, December 31, 1976, McCoy performed with band Stuff and brought in the new year at The Bottom Line, singing "When I Fall in Love". The show was recorded from the band's sound board. That song and another by McCoy, "You Still Be the One", appeared on an unofficially released Stuff album, Countdown To 1977, which also featured some tracks by Ashford & Simpson.
 * Further activities

After his mega success with "The Hustle" there were no further major sellers in the US, despite a series of follow-up albums, From Disco to Love (the abridged 1975 reissue of Soul Improvisations), The Disco Kid (1975), The Real McCoy (1976), and Rhythms of the World (1976). However, he scored the UK top 5 again during 1977 with the instrumental success "The Shuffle". which became the theme tune for BBC Radio 4's Sport on Four.
 * Sum up of (1970 to 1977) period

1978
On March 25, 1978, his new album, My Favorite Fantasy, was reviewed. It was made up of original McCoy compositions and was co-produced with Charles Kipps. The clarity, smoothness and easiness of his vocals as well as the strength and instrumental rhythm was noted. The picks by Billboard were "That's the Story of My Life", "Two Points", "You're So Right for Me", "Before and After", and "Wings of Love". "My Favorite Fantasy" wasn't a pick then. However, two weeks later on April 8, Billboard had "My Favorite Fantasy" as a recommended soul single in the Top Single Picks section. With Susan Kluth's review of the album in Record Mirror, she took note of McCoy's faultless vocals, the aspects of human life, and heart - wrenching lyrics etc. However, she didn't display any enthusiasm.
 * "My Favorite Fantasy"

"My Favorite Fantasy" would become a hit. While it was charting, another composition of his, "Don't Pity Me" by Faith Hope & Charity, was seeing chart action in the same Billboard and Cash Box charts. In the United States, "My Favorite Fantasy" peaked at #76 on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles chart, peaked at #51 on the Cash Box Top 100 R&B chart, and it peaked at #48 on the Record World R&B singles chart. In Canada, it peaked at #37 on the RPM Adult Oriented Playlist chart. It also charted in the United Kingdom, getting on to the Record Mirror UK Disco Top 90 chart, peaking at #70.

By July 1978, Faith Hope & Charity had recorded McCoy's composition "Don't Pity Me" and released it as a single. It was actually recorded earlier by 1976 Eurovision British contestant Louisa Jane White, and released as a B-side of her 1977 single "Don't Stop". The Faith Hope & Charity, produced by him, was released on 20th Century TC-2370. The song made its debut in the Cash Box Top 100 R&B chart on week ending May 27, 1978. On August 12 at week twelve, it peaked at #12. It peaked at #20 on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles Chart on week ending August 5.
 * Further activities

In late 1978, he produced and composed the A-side of the single "I'm Not Dreaming", credited to Zulema (and friend). It was backed with "Gotta Find a Way", released on LeJoint 5N-34002.

It was reported in the December 30, 1978 issue of Cash Box that MCA was holding back on a Van McCoy recording, "Patrolers Theme". Instead of this recording they were coming with "Lonely Dancer" which was from McCoy's forthcoming LP. The project was overseen by Billy Smith and Richie Rivera was taking care of the mix.

1979
In early January, Richie Rivera presented for the first time his mix of Van McCoy's "Lonely Dancer" at a New York City club. On the week of January 20, 1979, Cash Box wrote that a 12" release of "Lonely Dancer" / "Samba" was being released on MCA that week.

The Zulema and friend single "I'm Not Dreaming" was in the Soul section of Billboard's Top Single Picks for the week of January 20, 1979. The review was favorable. It was revealed that the unnamed friend singing with Zulema was actually Van McCoy. The reviewer put it on par with other "silky, romantic" recent hit recordings by Johnny Mathis & Deniece Williams, and Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway.

By February, the Lonely Dancer album was out. It was reviewed by Cash Box in the February 24 issue. Referring to McCoy's and Charles Kipps' production values as stellar and first-rate background harmonies, the reviewer said that McCoy's baritone vocals were mostly first rate. The picks were "Merry Go Round", "The Samba" and "Lonely Dancer". His release was part of an extensive campaign by MCA for the February releases which included releases by Joe Ely, Lane Caudell, Jeffree and Mel Tillis. The promotion strategy for McCoy's album was to build a strong base at a disco and R&B level. The paraphernalia to be distributed to the press, radio and retailers included a four-color poster and four-color button.

"I'm Not Dreaming" entered the Billboard Hot Soul Singles chart, peaking at #76 (week seven) on March 17, 1979, holding the position for another week. It had a total run of nine weeks in the chart.

Also in March, Stuff's album Stuff It was out. Along with Faith Hope & Charity, Vanetta Fields, McCoy provided backing vocals.

In 1979, Van McCoy was still connected with the disco scene. Cash Box ran a recent picture in their March 31 issue. McCoy was pictured with a bunch of people in New York during the National Disco Convention. Pictured were Joanna Beck, Keith Barrow, Tony Beck, Lamarr Rene, WBLS radio personality; McCoy, Nick Mundy member of the Beck Family; and Billy Smith the national disco promotion manager for London.

Death
On June 29, 1979, McCoy suffered a heart attack at his home in Englewood, New Jersey. He was hospitalized and went into a coma, but died at Englewood Hospital a week later at the age of 39. He is buried in the McCoy family plot at Lincoln Memorial Cemetery, Suitland, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C.

Personal life
McCoy was set to marry Kendra Spotswood in the spring of 1966. They had been in a relationship since 1961. McCoy's pursuit of his career ruined their wedding plans.

During 1975 and 1976, McCoy was seen at various venues with actress Tamara Dobson.

McCoy never married or had any children. He doted on his brother's four children and would give them gifts from places he went. He was greatly affected by the sudden death of his mother in 1973 from a brain hemorrhage and the death of his grandmother Mary Lindsay Ray in August 1976. Since the death of his mother, he had tried to distract himself by focusing on his career. After his grandmother died at the age of 101/102, both his physical and mental health declined.

Television and film
Van McCoy appeared on the Mike Douglas Show and was a regular guest on The Tonight Show. He wrote and sang the theme song for the 1978 movie Sextette that starred Mae West and Timothy Dalton and made a cameo appearance in it, playing a delegate from Africa. He also contributed some music for A Woman Called Moses. Along with Faith Hope & Charity, Brass Construction and Johnny Dark, he appeared in episode 4.20 of Don Kirshner's Rock Concert.

Studio albums

 * Albums credited to Van McCoy & the Soul City Symphony

Singles

 * Singles credited to Jack & Jill
 * Singles credited to the Van McCoy Strings
 * Singles credited to Van McCoy & the Soul City Symphony
 * "Soul Cha Cha" charted with the tracks "Rhythms of the World" and "That's the Joint" on the Disco Action chart

Audio

 * Betopubs channel - VAN McCOY - the hustle (1975) (HQ)
 * Joel Diamond channel - Every Year When Summer Turns To Fall by Van McCoy
 * Metropolitan Soul channel - My Favourite Fantasy ~ Van McCoy
 * Purerawsoul channel - Van Mccoy - Merry go round.wmv

title: Van McCoy


text:
Four-Power Pact

The Four-Power Pact, also known as the Quadripartite Agreement, was an international treaty between the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany that was initialed on 7 June 1933 and signed on 15 July 1933 in the Palazzo Venezia, Rome. The Pact was not ratified by the French Parliament.

Background
The creator and chief promoter of the pact was Benito Mussolini,  who completed its original manuscript during one of his short stays at Rocca delle Caminate, in March 1933. Against the backdrop of the Great Depression and the Nazi rise to power, Mussolini called for the creation of the Four-Power Pact on 19 March 1933 as a better means of ensuring international security. Under the plan, smaller nations would have less of a voice in great power politics. Representatives of the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Italy signed a diluted version of Mussolini's Four-Power Pact proposal.

Mussolini's chief motive in suggesting the pact was his wish for closer relations with France. Though Mussolini's purpose may have been to calm Europe's nerves, the pact actually caused the opposite result. It reaffirmed each country's adherence to the Covenant of the League of Nations, the Locarno Treaties and the Kellogg-Briand Pact.

The pact was intended to be the solution to the issue of sovereign powers coming together and operate in an orderly way, which had been the purpose of the League of Nations. Mussolini's goal was to reduce the power of the small states in the League of Nations by a bloc of major powers.

The Four-Power Pact had little significance but was not completely devoid of merit. The Four-Power Pact was supposed to be a solution to the exploitation of the balance of power, which was of interest to Italy and also appealed to the British.

However, the pact faced speculation in France and Germany. Since London and Rome were close enough to mediate between Paris and Berlin, France was alarmed.

Negotiation, initialing and signing
The pact was ultimately supported by all the four great powers, as well as other states. MacDonald was the first to come to Italy to discuss the pact, anticipating Mussolini, according to Salata, evidently informed of the Duce's idea. France ultimately approved the pact, and in April 1933 Daladier and Paul-Boncour expressed their support for the continuation of negotiations of the pact. Likewise, the Grand Council of Fascism gave its strong support to the "action of the head of the Fascist government." In April 1933 Rome was informed that Belgium hailed Mussolini's idea of a pact among the four powers, only pointing out that it expected to be included in the discussions when these touched upon Belgium's interests, especially when discussing the colonies in Africa, receiving assurances from Italy in this regard. In the same month von Papen hailed the "genial idea of Mussolini", while Hitler, in his 17 May speech, reiterated his support and approval of the pact.

The Pentecost incident
During the negotiations occurred what came to be known as the "Pentecost incident". When it was thought that the four powers had reached an agreement, with the 31 May issue of the Times even giving for granted the publication of the pact for the following day, it turned out that France had agreed by negotiating on a previous version of the treaty, different from those considered at the moment by the other countries, and everything had to be started over again. The last text, which was thought to have been approved by everyone, was not known in Paris, from which the French government had negotiated on the basis of a different text. The text on whose basis the French were negotiating was a previous version, proposed by the French themselves. The telephone, which had substituted letters and telegrams in the last part of the negotiations, was deemed responsible; further, suspicions of a scheme were raised. The French ambassador de Jouvenel, a strong supporter of Mussolini's pact, took the blame on himself, adding that any mistakes must have happened in good faith. The negotiations had quickened in the last days, after having been very sluggish in the beginning. Salata notes that the "modern tools had played a bad trick". He further notes that the extensive use of the telephone in the last part of the negotiations will make it difficult for future historians of the Four-Power Pact, who won't find written documents for all phases of this negotiation.

Initials and signature
The difference between the texts, and the root of the disagreement, was linked to the article three of the proposed Pact, which had to do with the question of the disarmament, which especially interested Germany. After the Pentecost incident, the French then proposed to simply suppress the article 3, an idea which was immediately rejected by the other powers. Eventually the four great powers agreed on an apparently more generic version of the article 3, proposed by the British, and close to the original draft by Mussolini.

At half past five PM, after the consent from Berlin, the four powers agreed on initialling the pact. Mussolini then reached Palazzo Madama, where he pronounced to the senate his speech regarding the pact, whose central part he had composed in the past few days, retouching it till the last moment, perhaps even during his trip to Palazzo Madama. His speech was warmly praised, with Salata calling it the greatest speech ever pronounced by any Italian head of state or minister, and the greatest interpretation of the "feelings and life's purpose of the others and of the universality". After Mussolini's speech at the senate, the pact was initialed at Palazzo Venezia at half past seven in the evening that same day.

The pact would eventually be signed on 15 July in Palazzo Venezia. In the protocol of the initials it was agreed that, whatever the day of the signature, the pact would bear the date of 7 June 1933, an expressive act of the will of the governments.

Outcome
The document that was signed bore little resemblance to the initial proposal. In practice, the Four-Power Pact proved of little significance in international affairs, but it was one of the factors contributing to the German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact of 1934.

It has been argued that the Four-Power Pact could have safeguarded the European balance of power with the hope of balancing peace and security in Europe. However, the Great Depression was abundant in Europe, and the rise of Hitler to power also makes the idea unlikely. Poland's reliance on France had been weakened, and differing attitudes emerged of the pact between Poland and Czechoslovakia. Opposition to the revision of the Four-Power Pact was expressed by Poland and the Little Entente, as apparent in the French dilution of the pact in this final form. It is apparent that the Four-Power pact had a negative impact of France's allies in Central and Eastern Europe.

Role of Hitler
The rise of Adolf Hitler to power was an adequate reason to propose alternative power arrangements. However, what had started as an alternative to the League of Nations ended as a reassertion of devotion to that failing institution. Hitler was willing to accept the gratuitous triumph of the League of Nation's death. The pact soon failed, but the United Kingdom, in particular, did not easily throw away the Pact's idea. Germany's withdrawal from the League put the Pact on hold.

The Pact had major impact on modern law. For six years, the United Kingdom would make vain attempts to make it work at nearly any cost, but the failure of the Four-Power Pact served as a warning of Germany's continued withdrawal from diplomatic relations with France and the United Kingdom in the buildup to the Second World War.

Literature

 * Francesco Salata: Il patto Mussolini, Milan, Mondadori, 1933.

title: Four-Power Pact


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Dandenong Valley Highway

The Dandenong Valley Highway is an urban highway stretching almost 40 kilometres from Bayswater in Melbourne's eastern suburbs to Frankston in the south. This name covers many consecutive streets and is not widely known to most drivers, as the entire allocation is still best known as by the names of its constituent parts: Stud Road, Foster Street, Dandenong-Frankston Road, Dandenong Road West and Fletcher Road. This article will deal with the entire length of the corridor for sake of completion, as well to avoid confusion between declarations.

The traffic on the highway has been significant over the years with the worst bottlenecks at Burwood Highway, Ferntree Gully Road, Wellington Road, Princes Highway, and Thompsons Road, but since the opening of the EastLink, the traffic burden has significantly reduced along the highway with the north–south tollway, opening to traffic on 29 June 2008.

Route
Stud Road starts at the intersection with Mountain Highway in Bayswater and heads south as a four-lane, dual-carriageway road, crossing Burwood Highway at Wantirna South (and the beginning of Dandenong Valley Highway), where it widens to a six-lane, dual-carriageway road (sharing a dedicated bus lane on-and-off) and continues south through Scoresby to Rowville, crossing Wellington Road and narrowing back to a four-lane, dual-carriageway road. It continues south to Dandenong, narrowing further to a four-lane, single-carriageway road south past David Street, changes names to Foster Street south of Clow Street, to the intersection with Princes Highway through central Dandenong. Running concurrent along Princes Highway, it resumes running south along Frankston–Dandenong Road as a four-lane, dual-carriageway road through Dandenong South and Carrum Downs, where it eventually crosses west under the Frankston railway line (at the end of Dandenong Valley Highway) as Overton Road, then turns immediately south along Dandenong Road West as a dual-lane single-carriageway road, all the way along Fletcher Road, where it briefly becomes a four-lane, dual-carriageway road again before it terminates at Nepean Highway in Frankston.

History
The elimination of the railway crossing where Dandenong–Frankston Road crossed the Pakenham railway line in Dandenong commenced in 1956, carried out by the Dandenong Shire Council, with assistance from Victorian Railways and the Country Roads Board, and completed in 1957, with the eastern half of a four-lane overpass over the railway completed and open to traffic in September, and the western half completed not long afterwards.

The entire alignment (as its constituent roads) was signed as Metropolitan Route 9 between Wantirna and Frankston in 1965. It was re-routed from Dandenong Road East and Beach Street through Frankston to its current alignment when the Beach Street railway crossing was eliminated in 1991.

The passing of the Transport Act of 1983 (itself an evolution from the original Highways and Vehicles Act of 1924 ) provided for the declaration of State Highways, roads two-thirds financed by the State government through the Road Construction Authority (later VicRoads). The Stud Highway and Dandenong-Frankston Highway were declared State Highways in March 1990, from Burwood Highway in Wantirna South to the Princes Highway in Dandenong (as Stud Highway), and from there to the Wells Road/Overton Road intersection just north of Frankston (as Dandenong–Frankston Highway). These two highways were fused into one only 9 months later, and re-declared as the Dandenong Valley Highway in December 1990, in the same alignment as the previous highways, from Wantirna South to Frankston; however all roads were known (and signposted) as their constituent parts.

The passing of the Road Management Act 2004 granted the responsibility of overall management and development of Victoria's major arterial roads to VicRoads: in 2004, VicRoads declared the road as Dandenong Valley Highway (Arterial #6090), from Burwood Highway in Wantirna South to Wells Road crossing underneath the Frankston railway line in Frankston, while re-declaring the remaining roads within the corridor as Stud Road (Arterial #5796), Klauer Road (today Klauer Street, Wells Road and Dandenong Road West) (Arterial #5159) and Fletcher Road (Arterial #5974), and as before, all roads are still presently known (and signposted) as their constituent parts.

In April 2024 the section of Stud Road from the Monash Freeway to Heatherton Road in Dandenong was reduced from 80km/h to 60km/h after a number of fatal accidents. Two pedestrians had been killed in the previous six years, with the local council calling for additional safety measures such as a pedestrian crossing or overpass for access from the western side of Stud Road across to Dandenong Stadium.

title: Dandenong Valley Highway


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/General purpose computer

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Eugene van der Pijll 19:24, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

General purpose computer
Nothing really notable in the article that we don't already know. --Hooperbloob 03:06, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

''Incompletely nominated (step 3 missing) May 28th. Finished now.''RJFJR 18:37, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Would this serve as a good redirect to computer or some other article? Meelar (talk) 19:01, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not a notable term - nor even one that is in use, surely. Those who do telecomms will be offended that such garbage is attributed to their field! Also, it doesn't appear on the Federal Standard 1037C page, which gets the blame for many substandard technical articles. Further, that page says "insubstantial articles ... should not be copied into Wikipedia", which doesn't qualify as a policy, but still. I don't think there's much point in a redirect, either - else we'll end up redirecting small computer, big computer and my sister's computer too - none of which will be searched for any more than this one will.-Splash 20:24, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep for historical reasons, and expand. Once upon a time general purpose computers were not taken for granted.  This definition (which is attributed in the article to Federal Standard 1037C) dates from the 1950s when, for instance, floating point units were the exception and computers intended for use in business often used hard-coded binary coded decimal logic. The definition here represents a computer that would be fit for both scientific and business applications.  --Tony Sidaway|Talk 23:07, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Agree with Tony Sidaway. JamesBurns 23:32, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep this still is a term in use! Its usage is now more towards CPUs specifically, but it still has wide use. Search not only google, but google news.  when the term was used to compare against the xbox. SchmuckyTheCat 04:18, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand, for historical reference if nothing else. Was once a significant term in computing. Kaibabsquirrel 23:34, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:Razor burn

is this still a stub?--Tubby 03:08, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Necessary
Hm, given that a page exists for Pseudofolliculitis barbae, is this really necessary as a separate article? Bitnine 22:29, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, given that said page used to say that the condition was also known as "razor burn" and such has recently been removed as inaccurate, this might not be the case. Bitnine 17:41, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Razor burn is a common transient surface irritation. Pseudofolliculitis barbae is a recurring moderate to severe infection often requiring medical attention. See this article for examples of what PFB looks like. Jokestress 17:44, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Razor burn


text:
Portal:Baseball/Things you can do

 * Expand a baseball-related stub.
 * Help the Players task force by adding Template:Infobox MLB player to active players' articles.
 * Rank an unassessed baseball article.

title: Portal:Baseball/Things you can do


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John Joy Bell

John Joy Bell (7 June 1871 – 14 November 1934), known professionally as J.J. Bell, was a Scottish journalist and author.

Life
Born at 4 Bothwell Terrace in Hillhead, Glasgow he was the eldest son of James Taylor Bell, a tobacco manufacturer.

Bell was schooled at Kelvinside Academy and Morrison's Academy in Crieff. He attended the University of Glasgow, where he studied chemistry. After becoming a journalist, Bell worked for the Glasgow Evening Times, and as sub-editor of the Scots Pictorial. His articles described the life of working-class Glaswegians, and were often written in the vernacular. He created the character of 'Wee Macgreegor' for his Evening Times articles, and the stories were so popular that they were published in book form, and later made into a film.

Bell has often been criticised for being overly sentimental, but it is also said that his vernacular was accurately representative, which is partly what made them popular. During recent years though, Bell's books are increasingly neglected.

He is buried in the churchyard of St Machar's Cathedral in Aberdeen. The grave lies close to the north-east corner of the church.

Family
He was married to Helen Robertson Geddes (1876-1949).

Publications

 * The New Noah's Ark (1898).
 * Jack of All Trades (1899).
 * Songs of the Hour (1900).
 * Wee Macgreegor (1902).
 * Ethel (1903).
 * Mistress McLeerie (1903).
 * Wee Macgreegor Again (1904).
 * Later Adventures of Wee Macgreegor (1904).
 * Jess & Co. (1904).
 * Mr. Pennycook's Boy (1905).
 * Mr. Lion of London (1905).
 * Clyde Songs and other verses (1906).
 * Thou Fool! (1907).
 * Joseph Redhorn (1908).
 * Whither Thou Goest (1908).
 * Oh! Christina! (1909).
 * Dancing Days (1910).
 * Wullie McWattie's Master (1910).
 * The Indiscretions of Maister Redhorn (1911).
 * Jim (1911).
 * A Kingdom of Dreams (1911).
 * The Best Man (1911).
 * Courtin' Christina (1913).
 * Bobby (1914).
 * The Whalers (1914).
 * The Misadventures of Joseph (1914).
 * Wee Macgreegor Enlists (1915).
 * Little Grey Ships (1916).
 * Cupid in Oilskins (1916).
 * Kiddies (1916).
 * Till The Clock Stops (1916).
 * Story of Kitty Carstairs (1917).
 * Secret Cards (1917).
 * All Ages (1918).
 * Johnny Pride (1918).
 * Atlantic Gold (1918).
 * Just Jemima (1919).
 * The Middle Strip (1919).
 * Jimmy Johnny (1920).
 * The Pie in the Oven (in 1 act) (1922).
 * Wee Macgreegor's Party (in 1 act) (1922).
 * Thread o' Scarlet (in 1 act) (1923).
 * Those Class Distinctions (in 1 act) (1923).
 * Wolves (in 1 act) (1923).
 * Some Plain, Some Coloured (1923).
 * The Nickums (1923).
 * Mr. Craw (1924).
 * Courtin' Christina (in 1 act) (1924).
 * The Laird's Lucky Number (in 1 act) (1924).
 * The Invisible Net (1924).
 * The Braw Bailie (1925).
 * Mr. and Mrs. Craw (1926).
 * Exit Mrs. McLeerie (in 1 act) (1927).
 * Betty (1927).
 * Hoots! (1929).
 * The Whale-Hunters (1929).
 * Meet Mr. Craw (1929).
 * Gambler's Hope (1929).
 * Breaking Point (in 1 act) (1930).
 * Good-morning Sir John (in 1 act) (1930).
 * Laird of Glenlaggan (1931).
 * The Glory of Scotland (1932).
 * The Women (1932).
 * I Remember (1932).
 * Scotland's Rainbow West (1933).
 * Hamish (1934).
 * Scotland in Ten Days (1934).
 * Melodies and Memories (1934).
 * Do you remember?
 * On the Quay (poem)
 * Beyond London Lights

title: John Joy Bell


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Nicasio Reservoir

Nicasio Reservoir is a shallow, artificial reservoir in the Nicasio Valley region of Marin County, California, United States. It covers 845 acre and sits in a 35.9 sqmi drainage basin. It was created by the construction of Seeger Dam on the Nicasio Creek in 1961. Seeger Dam is a 115 ft tall, 400 ft long earthen dam owned by the Marin Municipal Water District.

Controversy
The construction in the dam aroused much controversy among longtime residents of the area. The Water District forced the displacement of many farms, including the McIsaac family farm and the Tomasini Ranch, on which the majority of the reservoir sits. The controversy stems from the fact the water from the reservoir is rarely used by the Water District, that the broad and shallow nature of the reservoir leads to quick evaporation, and that the dam has blocked valuable spawning areas for endangered coho salmon and threatened steelhead trout. Construction of Seeger Dam wiped out the salmon population in Nicasio Creek. The District briefly and unsuccessfully attempted to trap salmon below the dam and transport them by truck further up Nicasio Creek and Halleck Creek.

Ecology
A river otter (Lontra canadensis) was collected by the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at the southwest corner of Nicasio Reservoir in January 2008.

Recreational uses
The reservoir is used for recreational purposes; mainly fishing and hiking. Largemouth bass, carp and catfish are caught in the lake. There are problems with illegal poaching.

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has developed a safe eating advisory for fish caught in Nicasio Reservoir based on levels of mercury or PCBs found in the fish species.

title: Nicasio Reservoir


text:
Dudu Cearense

Alexandro Silva de Sousa (born 15 April 1983), known as Dudu Cearense or simply Dudu, is a Brazilian former professional footballer.

He is known for his passing, aerial ability and tackling. He was a central midfielder who usually played either in a holding midfield role or as a box-to-box midfielder. Despite often being used in a defensive position, he was mainly an attacking player. He has been capped for the Brazil national team.

Career
Dudu was born in Fortaleza, Ceará.

In February 2005, after spending half a season playing for Rennes in France, Dudu transferred to CSKA Moscow, where he joined and played with fellow Brazilians Daniel Carvalho, Vagner Love, and later Jô.

In 2007, Dudu expressed his wish to leave CSKA Moscow. Olympiacos tried to sign him, but failed. In 2008, Olympiacos offered the Russian club €6 million. The offer was accepted and the player signed a three-year contract on 6 August 2008. In May 2009, he signed a new contract with the Greek club which would last until June 2013 with a buyout clause of €8.5 million.

On 7 April 2011, Olympiacos agreed to sell Dudu Cearense to Atlético Mineiro for a fee of €1.1 million. Dudu signed a three-year contract with the Brazilian team. In 2012 he moved to Goiás until the end of his contract in January 2014. Goiás wanted to extend with the player but he wanted to return to Europe. On 27 January 2014, he agreed a 1.5-year contract with Greek Club OFI.

On 5 June 2014, he agreed for a one-year contract worth $245,000 with Maccabi Netanya of the Israel Premier League (biggest contract in the history of the club). Three weeks later, it was reported Dudu was injured and in poor shape. He was released on 22 September. He never played for Netanya in the league and only made two appearances in the Toto Cup. He is considered the biggest flop in the club's history, mainly for the fact he never even played once in the league and the club had to pay $50,000 compensation after his release.

On 10 January 2015, he returned to Brazil and agreed to a contract with Fortaleza.

Club
Vitória
 * Supercampeonato Baiano Winner: 2002
 * Campeonato Baiano Winner: 2002, 2003
 * Copa do Nordeste Winner: 2003

CSKA Moscow
 * Russian Premier League Winner: 2005, 2006
 * Russian Super Cup Winner: 2006, 2007
 * Russian Cup Winner: 2005/2006, 2008

Olympiacos
 * Greek Super League Winner:2009, 2011
 * Greek Cup Winner: 2009

Atlético Mineiro
 * Campeonato Mineiro: 2012

Goiás
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2012
 * Goiás State League: 2013

Fortaleza
 * Campeonato Cearense: 2016

Botafogo
 * Campeonato Carioca: 2018

International
Brazil
 * Copa América Winner: 2004

Brazil U-20
 * FIFA World Youth Championship Winner: 2003

Individual

 * FIFA World Youth Championship Golden Shoe: 2003
 * FIFA World Youth Championship Silver Ball: 2003

title: Dudu Cearense


text:
Dudu of Akkad

Dudu (, du-du) was a 22nd-century BC king of the Akkadian Empire, who reigned for 21 years c. 2189-2169 BC according to the Sumerian king list. Unlike his two predecessors Naram-Sin and Shar-Kali-Sharri he was not deified.

Biography
He became king after a period of apparent anarchy that had followed the death of Shar-Kali-Sharri. The king list mentions four other figures who had been competing for the throne during a three-year period after Sharkalisharri's death. There are no other surviving records referencing any of these competitors, but a few artifacts with inscriptions confirming Dudu's rule over a reduced Akkadian Empire. Given activity at Umma and Girsu, and at Apiak whose location is unknown but which lay near the Tigris river to the East of Nippur, the Akkadian Empire maintained some level of control to the south at least. The find of a seal at Adab, lying further East that Apiak, of a servant of Dudu supports this view. His inscriptions present him simply as "King of Akkad":

""Dudu the mighty, king of Agade: Amar-šuba the scribe (is) his servant.""

- Seal inscription of Amar-šuba found at Bismaya.

He also seems to have campaigned against former Akkadian subjects to the south, including Girsu, Umma (where the governor of Lagash appointed by Shar-Kali-Sharri, Puzer-Mama, had declared independence at the end of that rule) and possibly Elam. One inscription relates directly to his destruction of Girsu:

""To {d}inanna Ištar, Dudu, king of Agade, when Girsu he smote, from the booty of Girsu he dedicated it.""

- Nippur fragment of Dudu.

An alabaster vase in the Louvre Museum, since the year 2000, has the following inscription:

"Alabaster vase of Dudu of Akkad Louvre Museum AO 31549.jpg

du-du da-num lugal a-ga-de3{ki} a-na {d}ne3-iri11-gal a-pi5-ak{ki} a mu-ru "Dudu, the Great king of Akkad, for Nergal of Apiak has dedicated this""

- Vase of Dudu, King of Akkad, circa 2170 BC. Louvre Museum, AO 31549

Dudu was succeeded by his son Shu-turul per the king list, who became the last known king of the Akkadian Empire. It has been suggested that a known high official in the Late Akkadian period, Išarum, was another son of Dudu. In inscriptions he calls himself "Išarum, son  of  Dudu" and calls on the tutelary gods of the Akkadian Empire, Istar and Ilaba.

title: Dudu of Akkad


text:
Dudu (album)

Dudu is a 2003 extended play album by Tarkan. This was his first album to be released through his own record label, HITT Music. It holds five songs and five remixes. The sales of the album exceeded 1 million copies worldwide. To support the album, beginning in November 2003 Tarkan gave solo performances in Turkey and other countries. In 2004 as part of Dudu World tour Tarkan visited Austria, Germany, France, United States, Ukraine, Russia, Finland, the Netherlands, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan.

Track listing

 * Uzun İnce Bir Yoldayım (Remix)

Album credits

 * Personnel Crew:
 * Production: Hitt Music
 * Produced by: Tarkan
 * Distributor: Istanbul Plak Ltd.
 * Producer: Tarkan & Ozan Çolakoğlu
 * Mix: Murat Matthew Erdem
 * Mastering: Tim Young, Metropolist Studios London
 * Recorded at: Sari Ev (Kayit ve Mix), Imaj, ASM (Uzun Ince Bir Yoldayim Mix)
 * Executive Producer: Egemen Öncel
 * Photos: Hasan Hüseyin
 * Hair Design: Mete Türkmen
 * Make-up Artist: Neriman Eröz
 * Costume Coordinator: Gülümser Gürtunca

Guest musicians

 * Instruments:
 * Classical Guitar - Erdem Sökmen, Ayhan Gunyil
 * Electric, Bass (Guitar) - Nurkan Renda
 * Oud - Ilyas Tetik
 * Strings - Gündem Yayli Grubu (String Band)
 * String Arrangements (Track 2) - Hamit Undas
 * For Track 5:
 * Background vocals, Baglama (Lead, Bass) - Arif Sağ
 * Baglama (Arpeggio), Selpe - Erdal Erzincan
 * Balaban - Ertan Tekin
 * Percussion - Mehmet Akatay, Cengiz Ercumer, Arif Sağ

Music videos

 * Dudu
 * Gülümse Kaderine
 * Sorma Kalbim
 * Uzun İnce Bir Yoldayım (Ozinga Mix) (The music video was filmed to a remixed version that does not appear on the album.)

Extra information
Tarkan's 2003 musical offering was his first album to be released under his own label HITT Music and the first Tarkan album to be packaged in a Digipak. Technically it could be classed as an EP release with only five edits and five remixes, but it is generally viewed as an album as its track length is over 35 minutes. Dudu was the first hybrid album of its kind in Turkey to sell over 1,000,000 copies. Tarkan once again collaborated with singer-songwriter Nazan Öncel for this album after a successful collaboration on his Karma album. - courtesy of Ali Yildirim

"Uzun İnce Bir Yoldayım (remix)" - '5:47'

title: Dudu (album)