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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Manene

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - kept - SimonP 02:49, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Manene
Not to step on the toes of Poképrosal, but in addition to being a stub about an obscure Pokemon, this is a speculative stub about a future obscure Pokemon. Wikipedia is not a crystal ball and whatnot. A Man In Black 10:18, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Delete it, since it's either cruft or prophecy. Scimitar 14:28, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It gives all the known facts.  No speculation.  If people want to know about the new pokémon then they can get the facts here.  After all, it fits in with the current pokédex.  There is no reason to delete it. Sonic Mew 20:47, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, if people want to get speculation, the internet is turgid with Pokemon fansites. This page has a scanned picture of the Pokemon, a name that might be changed before the Pokemon is mentioned in the US, and some speculation about Mr. Mime. Wikipedia is not a crystal ball, and there's no info here yet. When there is, this VfD hardly prevents a new article with some actual content and the correct English-language name from being made. A Man In Black 04:55, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I quote: "No speculation" This is the facts.  It appears in a movie released in a month, and is a template for when the games are released.  (XD in August and Diamond/Pearl in November.)  So we may as well keep it.  I have addded a little bit of information to it for now. Sonic Mew 06:46, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * "Manene is the (unconfirmed) pre-evolution of Mr. Mime" is speculation. The rest is factual but marginal; it isn't known even known that Manene will be the English-language name, nor is it necessarily known that it will be in Pokemon XD or make any more than a cameo appearance in the next movie. (By the time Pearl/Diamond comes out, the Pokeprosal may have changed the way individual Pokemon articles are written, anyway.) Wikipedia still isn't a crystal ball, and, as there is practically zero info now (Here's a picture of a Pokemon, its name is this, Pokemon fans are speculating about it) and likely little information of value in for months if ever (I seriously doubt Manene is going to be the next Pikachu), I stand by my earlier assertions. A Man In Black 07:52, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It won't be the next Pikachu, but with that statement, you are stepping on Poképrosal. There is no mention of Pokémon XD, (I did put it in first, but removed it myself in cleaning up my addition on the grounds of crystal ball.)  It will be in the next movie, though.  Coro Coro magazine has confirmed it. Sonic Mew 13:49, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. When it makes it into the series or the games there will be more information avaliable for fans to complete the article, no? So let's just leave it be for now. --Sn0wflake 23:29, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I think we should keep it. Joizashmo 00:51, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. NeoJustin 03:15, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. All pokemon. Klonimus 07:44, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Even unreleased ones? I'd be right with you if even, say, Murkrow or Forretress were on VfD, since the Pokeprosal is going to deal with all of those rather than piecemealing things on VfD. This isn't a notability challenge, though; it's a Wikipedia is not a crystal ball challenge. A Man In Black 07:52, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * From my experience, notability takes priority over crystal ball. I mentioned the next-gen consoles above, and they are definately notable enough to stay.  But one could argue that they are still crystal ball topics.  Since crystal ball is the only reason to delete Manene at this time, it is a matter of whether it is notable enough to remain until release.  And will it be crystal ball after the 8th Pokémon movie premieres next month? Sonic Mew 18:04, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious Delete: content is ridiculous, non-notable and unencyclopedic. Martg76 22:09, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm going to challenge that statement. It is not ridiculous: It is true.  It is not non-notable: It is a new Pokémon that fans will want to know about.  (And there is a link from the Diamond/Pearl page.)  And as for unencyclopedic: Poképrosal is discussing it, so that is no reason for vfd at this time. Sonic Mew 13:44, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep. Wikipedia is currently the #1 location for confirmed information on future/upcoming pokémon.  Almafeta 23:43, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you serious or sarcastic? A Man In Black 03:46, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Serious. On other websites, you see things like "Well, Newlegendarymon is going to be a Bug-Psychic type.  This is because the previous legendaries have been alternating as fliers-nonfliers, and elemental-physical-psychic, (as long as you don't count Moltres, because he doesn't count), and the types have been going by reverse Japanese alphabetical order, so we are due for a non-flying Bug Psychic pokémon."  This page is rather free of such speculation.  Almafeta 16:07, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * "Manene is the (unconfirmed) pre-evolution of Mr. Mime" isn't speculation? A Man In Black 20:01, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * "It is widely believed to be the pre-evolution of Mr. Mime" isn't speculation, though. It says what the entire fan-base believes is true now.  Almafeta has a point, with NPOV we are giving the facts as facts.  Thus, this is the best place to have such a article and vfd wouldn't do any good.  Sonic Mew 07:41, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 09:06, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * As non-notable as Yanma or not notable enough to have an article at this time? Sonic Mew 07:41, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this is ridiculous. Grue 11:31, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * In what way is it ridiculous? Sonic Mew 20:23, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * This is ridiculous fancruft, original research and crystal-ballery. I don't think that Pokemons should be an exception to these rules.  Grue   05:04, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is not paper: There is no reason to delete something for 'fancruft'. Besides, it is part of a project and would only get put back at a later date.  You don't need a Crystal ball to see Manene coming.  It will be in a movie next month!  Original research is interesting, though?  Can you proove that it is original research? Sonic Mew 20:23, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP, all other pokémon have articles, and this pokémon has been confirmed and has a picture. --GVOLTT 14:18, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP AS WELL This Pokemon is confrimed And Should still be listed k thanks. --PeterAKer 12:25, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, as with any other POKéMON. No different from Usohachi, Manyula and Munchlax, none of which have been on VfD. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 13:55, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Manene


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Space mixing theory

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 23:51, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Space mixing theory
The reference at the bottom of the page promises to lead to a journal site. If so then it is an odd journal: it has only one article. A legitimate journal that publishes an article which lays out the principles of "space mixing theory" would hardly be called the "journal of space mixing theory": a bit of a chicken-and-egg problem here. The article is not published in any known journal, nor does it have any citations. It should be classed as an intellectual vanity page. Bambaiah 10:18, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nominator forgot to add to the VfD log; completing nomination. --cesarb 00:56, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't understand a word of this article, and I'm suspicious, but I'm not so sure it is delete material. The journal exists (has an ISSN) and has two articles, not one .  The editor is in the physics department at Purdue  but what he does there I don't know and it is suspicious that his article does not give a Purdue affilliation. I believe this is "alternative physics".  Ahah, we already mention the subject at Anti-gravity. Should be clarified but kept.  --Zero 13:34, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * My guess is that he is a grad student, but it's strange that he doesn't have his own web site with links to this paper. michael 03:01, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment that reference in Anti-gravity is no coincidence. That reference was added the same day that the Space mixing theory article was written...by the same contributor.  The fact that there is a reference made in Anti-gravity unfortunately cannot tell us anything about the veracity of the topic.Tobycat 06:45, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is original research. For something like this, there should be a number of articles on this topic in places like arxiv.org or citeseer, and/or there should be articles on this topic published in peer-reviewed philosophy journals.  Wikipedia articles should be on topics that lots of people are talking about, and not as a means of promoting one individuals new research. (However, I do envision the day when WP could open doors to orig. research; however, the number of basic physics/math pages would need to be 50x detailed than they are today. WP does not yet adequately cover basic topics). linas 00:40, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I get about 800 google hits for "space mixing" and 1130 for "space mixing theory", so this seems to be significant enough for an article here. --MarSch 16:28, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * rewrite into something coherent. Right now the article is gibberish, but there is a published model known as "space mixing theory" out there, which is notable enough to be in Wikipedia if I'm remembering which one it is correctly. I may take a stab at this in my copious free time if the article survives VfD. --Christopher Thomas 19:27, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Why wait until after VFD? Editors are encouraged to edit articles, with only a few restrictions for technical reasons, to improve them whilst VFD discussions are in progress. You have the opportunity to get 4 "original research" and 1 "unverifiable nonsense" votes struck through here. Uncle G 16:50, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * Because if the VfD passes, it saves me the trouble of having to wrap my mind around yet another pseudoscientific pet theory, and of searching out valid external references. If I thought it was likely I'd find them, I'd do it, but it's not looking like much turned up when other users searched. --Christopher Thomas 20:42, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep it passes the alltheweb test. CAPS LOCK 00:58, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * delete Unverifiable. Original research. Online journal as a reference is laughable. mikka (t) 01:20, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I looked at the hits on both the Google and the Yahoo search engines and they all seem to be either related to this very article in Wikipedia or to an apparent press release sent out about the site in the external link.  With one except: there is a link to the site at Zeal.com contributed by an editor "tom_m".  It is just a coincidence that the eidtor of the journal is Tom Matz?  I don't know but this doesn't seem to have much support out there.  DS1953 02:33, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * delete Original research/hoax. I can't find any independent mention of this online (google only yields references to author's website and wikipedia mirrors).  Article doesn't make sense; the paper itself looks like a hoax (full of "If a tree falls in a forest and nobody is around to hear it, does it still make a sound?" type statements).  michael 02:46, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. More non-notable crankery.  Quale 04:46, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as woowoocruft. (Nonverifiable vanity nonsense.) DreamGuy 05:05, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep This is heavy philosophical topic, well written, and couched a tad too professionally leading easily leading to some of the above conculions to delete w/o a careful read. Needs clean in a sense needs dumbed down some for a popular article which action should also result in an expansion into a better length. Fabartus 06:09, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Delete it seems that this is a theory subcribed to by a handful of people at best. Most of the google results seem to be directories/listings of protosciences to which anyone could add anything.  If its rewritten and widespread acceptance is verified, I could be persuaded to change my vote.  --Xcali 06:14, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Just because the word theory is in the title doesn't make it real science. In the absence of peer-reviewed academic journals, I don't see how this can be anything but original research.Tobycat 06:45, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Crackpottery. Delete. - Mike Rosoft 11:47, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Conditional delete. The article makes sense, but my only problem is the 'original research' one. So, if someone can add a reference from any kind of respected scientific journal (and not one specifically about space-mixing), my vote will change to keep. --Scimitar 14:31, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Elaborate and amusing, but ultimately non-notable original research. –Joke137 15:37, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I think that many of you are missing the point. It doesn't have to be true, respectable, or good science to be included.  We have articles about flat-earthers, perpetual motion machines, and all sort of crackpot things.  You have to apply accepted deletion standards, not scientific standards.  --Zero 15:38, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm pretty sure that many of us are not missing the point. WP isn't a collection of every crackpot "theory", and WP has no duty to help promote obscure nonsense.  Notable crankery is encyclopedic just as nearly any notable subject is, but non-notable crankery should be squashed.  Original research + non-notable crankery + vanity = not encyclopedic.  Quale 19:07, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * My understanding was that it wasn't quite either of these. If the crackpottery in question is Notable, then it's significant enough to be catalogued (in an appropriately short, encyclopedic, and NPOV article). If someone could reasonably be expected to come to Wikipedia asking what "space mixing theory" is, then keep it. If it's obscure enough that nobody would bother, then I don't see why it would be included. This was one of the main points of contention for harmonics theory (now on its second VfD, after I'd thought I could take a break from the drama involved). Of course, both of the viewpoints expressed here came up there too. --Christopher Thomas 20:47, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I think I understand where you're coming from, although I don't completely agree. Suppose for a moment, that there is only a single source for a particular crank theory.  This may be the case with Space Mixing Theory as the Space Mixing Journal seems to be the only source, and there seems to be only a single proponent (thus the charge of vanity).  There's nothing that WP can add to simply reporting what that single source says or else it automatically becomes original research.  I know you are knowledgable enough to apply accepted physics to a crank theory and point out some of the problems. But unless you have an external reference that does this debunking, you simply can't do this without falling into original research.  In the case of Space Mixing, I have no idea why anyone would come to WP hoping to find out about this as The Space Mixing Journal is the sum total of the world knowledge in this "field".  Unless there are other references to this crankery, WP simply can't add to what the Space Mixing Journal says in any way without doing original research.  As far as I see it, this leaves two options.  Parrot the nonsense proposed by the cranks, or just ignore it as non-notable crankery as does all of the physics community and almost all of the rest of the world.  Notable crackpottery should be reported in WP, but since it's notable, there will be more to say about it than simply echoing the crackpot's nonsense.  I hope this makes my views on deleting this and other non-notable crackpottery more clear even if we don't agree on these points. I do appreciate your efforts trying to reduce the amount of pseudo-scientific nonsense in WP. The crank articles created by others that you edit/rewrite aiming for NPOV are much improved by your hard work. Quale 02:43, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I feel that in the type of case you object to (if I understand your viewpoint correctly), it would be straightforward enough to delete such articles based on their being non-notable. If a crackpot theory has created enough of a stir to be notable, then arguments for and against will have been made by many people. Not necessarily in reviewed journals, but in enough places that a NPOV article shouldn't count as "original work". For HT, the rebutting material can be found quite readily, mostly in the form of factual articles or texts on the relevant topics (ask on the HT VfD page or talk page for a list, as it's off-topic here). --Christopher Thomas 04:45, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Under the heading of "Physics" this is original research by far margin, compare scholar.google.com, the pre-print servers, or citebase. It may have minor but signifant followship in philosophy, as this area isn't so easy to decide using online sources, but the author should be required to demonstrate this in the article. It's not the reader's task to proof verifiability and relevance. Delete unless reworded and verified as philosophical topic. --Pjacobi 21:22, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * Delete. Appears to be original research. --Carnildo 21:25, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Leave a note on my talk page if this turns out to be anything more than original research. — Phil Welch 23:20, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - original reserch - Tεx  τ  urε  18:17, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Wikipedia:WikiProject AIDS/Draft

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, sometimes written Aids) is a global, human epidemic. The World Health Organization and UNAIDS estimated that between 2.8 and 3.5 million people with AIDS died in 2004. An estimated 23 million people with AIDS have died since 1981. These global estimates of AIDS are based on HIV antibody testing of small samples of pregnant women at selected clinics rather than actual reported AIDS cases.

An estimated 60% of people with AIDS live in sub-Saharan Africa, where poor economic conditions leading to the use of dirty needles in healthcare clinics and no effective screening of blood transfusions may contribute to high rates of AIDS. .

After 1993-94 the number of new cases of AIDS fell significantly in the United States and Europe. The number of people living with AIDS increased however because of reduced mortality allowed by tritherapies.

Definition
AIDS is defined as occurring in people with antibodies to a retrovirus called Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is thought to have originated in the chimpanzee and passed to human populations in west equatorial Africa during the twentieth century. A diagnosis of AIDS is made when a person with HIV antibodies has either a CD4 cell count below 200 or one of a list of AIDS defining illnesses, which are unusual in a person with a healthy immune system.

History
In 1982 the term AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) was proposed on July 27, at a meeting in Washington of gay-community leaders, federal bureaucrats and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The identified risk factors for AIDS were hemophilia, Haitian, male homosexual, or intravenous drug abuser.

In 1985 the definition of AIDS was restricted to exclude people who did not have antibodies to HIV. A conference of public health officials including representatives of the Centers for Disease Control and World Health Organization met in Bangui to develop a definition of AIDS for use in countries where testing for HIV antibodies was not available. They developed the Bangui definition which defines AIDS as, "prolonged fevers for a month or more, weight loss of over 10% and prolonged diarrhoea". Several studies have reported that about half the people diagnosed with AIDS based on the Bangui definition do not have antibodies to HIV. A study on Zaire published in 1993 found that of 465 patients with clinical signs of AIDS, 39.4% had antibodies to HIV. see Epidemiology and clinical manifestation of HIV infection in northern Zaire.Strecker W, Gurtler L, Schilling M, Binibangili M, Strecker K. Eur J Epidemiol. 1994 Feb;10(1):95-8. The Bangui definition is fundamentally different from the definitions used in Europe and the United States. As recently as 2003, the AIDS diagnosis strategy used in developed countries, based on an immunoblot confirmatory test, could be used on a large scale in developing countries because of its cost.

In 1993 the CDC expanded the definition for use in the United States to include people with antibodies to HIV who had at least one CD4 cell count below 200. This resulted in many healthy people with a normal CD4 cell count being classified as AIDS.

Treatment
AIDS is a chronic medical condition that can be treated, but not yet cured. There are effective means of preventing complications.

The current guidelines for antiretroviral therapy from the World Health Organization reflect the changes to the guidelines to defer retroviral treatment in patients with no AIDS defining illnesses who have a CD4 cell count above 350 and viral load under 100,000.

Antiretroviral regimens are complex, have serious side effects, pose difficulty with adherence, and carry serious potential consequences from the development of viral resistance because of nonadherence to the drug regimen or suboptimal levels of antiretroviral agents. Patient education and involvement in therapeutic decisions are critical. Treatment should usually be offered to all patients with AIDS. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=12617573&dopt=Abstract Panel on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV. September 2002]

A vaccine is being developed for the treatment of people with HIV antibodies to prevent progression to AIDS

There is a criticism on the AIDS treatment by retrovirales AZT because of its high amount of certain substances.

video(ENG) AIDS information webpage(ESP) AIDS treatment criticism

Prevention
Current strategies to prevent AIDS are directed at preventing the transmission of HIV.

HIV is transmitable through sexual acts involving the exchange of bodily fluids, through blood needle sharing, blood transfusions from infected donors and from mother to infant transmission during birth and breastfeeding. UNAIDS transmison.

Blood screening
Blood tranfusions remain a major source of new HIV infections worldwide. WHO estimated in 2000, between 15% and 20% of new HIV infections worldwide were the result of blood transfusions, where the donors were not screened or inadequately screened for HIV. In those countries where improved donor selection and antibody tests have been introduced, the risk of transmitting HIV infection to blood transfusion recipients has been effectively eliminated.

ELISA and Western Blot tests, that are used to identify HIV and HIV antibodies are for research uses only, not for diagnosis. As written in the ELISA kit and Western Blot kit documentation. source

Universal precautions in health clinics
Health clinics in some countries are responsible for as much as 30% of HIV transmission worldwide. reference There is an urgent need to address medical transmission as a priority in these countries. see HIV transmission in the medical setting.

Medical workers who follow universal precautions or body substance isolation such as wearing latex gloves when giving injections or handling bodily wastes or fluids, and washing the hands frequently, can prevent the spread of HIV from patients to workers, and from patient to patient.

Condom

The use of a condom as a harm reduction practice intended to reduce the spread of AIDS is promoted by health experts around the world. A condom is used to cover the penis during sexual activity. Correct use of a condom and water based lubricant provides dramatic risk reduction, not complete risk elimination.

The Vatican opposes the use condoms. .

Single use syringe
HIV can be transmitted via the sharing of needles by users of intravenous drugs, and this is remains one of the most common methods of transmission in the United States. All AIDS-prevention organisations advise drug-users not to share needles and to use a new or properly sterilized needle for each injection. In the United States and other western countries, clean needles are available free in some cities, at needle exchanges or safe injection sites.

Origin of AIDS
Studies have suggested that a retrovirus, SIVcpz (simian immunodeficiency virus) from the common chimpanzee Pan troglodytes, may have passed to human populations in west equatorial Africa during the twentieth century and developed into various types of HIV.

 * F Gao, E Bailes, DL Robertson, Y Chen, CM Rodenburg, SF Michael, LB Cummins, LO Arthur, M Peeters, GM Shaw, PM Sharp and BH Hahn. Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes. Nature 397, 436-41 (1999).
 * RA Weis and RW Wrangham. From Pan to pandemic. Nature 397, 385-6 (1999).

Suggested methods of transmisison of the chimpanzee retrovirus to humans include, the bush meat trade (the hunting, butchery and eating of chimpanzees by human populations) and the oral polio vaccination program that took place in the late 1950s of Africa. Professor Robin Weiss, Britain’s leading retrovirologist, organised the Royal Society meeting on The Origins of HIV and the AIDS epidemic in September 2000, to respond to the information and analysis presented in The River, that live polio vaccines prepared in chimpanzee tissue cultures (at least some of which were almost certainly contaminated with chimpanzee SIV) were administered to up to one million African "volunteers" in the 1957-1960 period. The specific populations where the vaccine was given were the first in the world to experience HIV-1 infections and AIDS some five to twenty years later.

Current medical understanding of AIDS
In January 2005, Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., director of NIAID said, "Individual risk of acquiring HIV and experiencing rapid disease progression is not uniform within populations". NIH press release

Patterns of HIV transmission vary in different parts of the world. In Africa, which accounts for an estimated 60% of new HIV infections worldwide, controversy rages over the respective contribution of medical procedures, heterosexual sex and the bush meat trade. In the United States, sex between men and injecting drug use remain the main sources of new HIV infections.

Chemokines
In 1996, Robert Gallo published his discovery that chemokines, a class of naturally occurring compounds, can block HIV and halt the progression of AIDS. This was heralded as by Science magazine as one of the top scientific breakthroughs within the same year of his publication, but has yet to result in any actual therapetic benefits. reference

The role of protection chemokines plays for controlling progression of HIV infection to AIDS has been influencing medical thinking on how AIDS works against the human body.

Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV-AIDS Hypothesis
The Group for the Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV-AIDS Hypothesis question the connection between HIV and AIDS, or the existence of HIV, or the validity of current testing methods. For explanation and history of the Group's four sentence letter calling for reappraisal of the HIV=AIDS hypothesis and suitable independently controlled studies; 10 sceintific reasons that dispute HIV as the Cause of AIDS, and suggestions that identify what could be the real causes of AIDS, go to video documentary.http://www.hiv-aids-factorfraud.com

AIDS defining illnesses

 * Candidiasis, disseminated or of the oesophagus and/or lungs
 * Coccidiodomycosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary
 * Cryptococcosis, extrapulmonary
 * Cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal
 * Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, disseminated or CMV retinitis
 * Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, chronic or HSV bronchitis, pneumonitis or esophagitis
 * Histoplasmosis, either disseminated or extrapulmonary
 * HIV-related dementia or encephalopathy
 * Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-related diseases including primary effusion and multicentric Castleman's disease
 * Chronic intestinal isosporiasis
 * AIDS-related lymphoma, Burkitt's or primary lymphoma of the brain
 * Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection or M. kansasii infection, disseminated or extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis, disseminated, any site
 * Mycobacterium, other species, disseminated or extrapulmonary
 * Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
 * Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
 * Recurrent salmonella septicaemia
 * Neurological toxoplasmosis.

External links and references

 * AIDS Fraud exposed. Starvision Productions - 10 reasons why HIV can not cause AIDS (1997)
 * Associated Press (2005). CDC Recommends HIV Drugs for All Exposed. RedNova. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * The History of AIDS Retrieved May 11, 2005.
 * AVERT.org (2005). World estimates of the HIV & AIDS epidemics at the end of 2004. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * BBC (2004). Key HIV-fighting genes identified. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * Body Health Resources Corporation (2005). The complete HIV/AIDS resource. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * Cashel, Jim (2005). AIDS matters. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * Center for Disease Control (2005). Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * Circumcision Information and Resource Pages (204). Circumcision and HIV infection. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * ERIC Digests (2005). AIDS: Are Children at Risk? ERIC Digest 16.. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * IAEN (2005). International AIDS Economic Network. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * IAS (2005). International Aids Society. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * Laarhoven,Robert (2003). VIRUSMYTH A rethinking AID$ website. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * Medicins Sans Frontieres . XV International  AIDS Conference. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * NationMaster.com (2005). HIV AIDS - adult prevalence rate. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * Project Inform (2005). HIV/AIDs Treatment Informationand Advocacy. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * Red Ribbon Portal (2005). a Portal on HIV/AIDS. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * SOS Children's Charity (2005). AIDS Children in Africa. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * Students Against Global AIDS (2005). Coalition of Canadian student groups committed to the worldwide realization of the right to health. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * The NAMES Project Foundation (2004). AIDS Memorial Quilt. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * UNAIDS (2005). The Joint Unitd Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * University of Michigan, Bio 118 (2004). Definitions, Origins, and Prevalence. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * Vaknin, Sam (2003). Europe's New Plague. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * World AIDS Day (2004). HIV hasn't gone away. Retrieved March 30, 2005.
 * HIV transmission in the medical setting
 * [http://www.africaaction.org/docs02/hiv0210t.htm HIV infections in sub-Sahara Africa not explained by sexual or vertical transmission }
 * Preventing Medical Transmission of HIV Global AIDS Program

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject AIDS/Draft


text:
Imperial ban

The imperial ban (Reichsacht) was a form of outlawry in the Holy Roman Empire. At different times, it could be declared by the Holy Roman Emperor, by the Imperial Diet, or by courts like the League of the Holy Court (Vehmgericht) or the Reichskammergericht.

People under imperial ban, known as Geächtete (from about the 17th century, colloquially also as Vogelfreie, lit. "free as a bird"), lost all their rights and possessions. They were legally considered dead, and anyone was allowed to rob, injure, or kill them without legal consequences. The imperial ban automatically followed the excommunication of a person, as well as extending to anyone offering help to a person under the imperial ban.

Those banned could reverse the ban by submitting to the legal authority. The Aberacht, a stronger version of the imperial ban, could not be reversed.

The imperial ban was sometimes imposed on whole Imperial Estates. In that case, other estates could attack and seek to conquer them. The effect of the ban on a city or other Estate was that it lost its Imperial immediacy and in the future would have a second overlord in addition to the emperor.

Famous people placed under the imperial ban included:

 * 1180 - Henry the Lion, for refusing military support to Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor against the cities of the Lombard League.
 * 1225 - Count Frederick of Isenberg, for killing his uncle Engelbert II of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne.
 * 1235 - King Henry (VII) of Germany, for his rebellion against his father the Emperor Frederick II.
 * 1276 - King Ottokar II of Bohemia, for his capture of imperial lands from Rudolph I.
 * 1309 - John Parricida, for the murder of his uncle King Albert I of Germany.
 * 1415 - Frederick IV, Duke of Austria for aiding the flight of Antipope John XXIII from the Council of Constance.
 * 1512 and 1518 - Götz von Berlichingen, the first time for robbery, the second for kidnapping.
 * 1521 - Martin Luther and his supporters, for claiming that some doctrines practiced by the Catholic Church were contrary to the Bible or had no biblical basis.
 * 1546 - John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony and Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, for leading the Schmalkaldic League.
 * 1566 - Wilhelm von Grumbach, for insurgency.
 * 1621 - Frederick V, Elector Palatine, and his supporters Prince Christian I of Anhalt-Bernburg and Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim, for seizing power in Bohemia.
 * 1706 - Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria, and Joseph Clemens, Elector of Cologne, for supporting France in the War of the Spanish Succession (ban reversed in 1714).
 * 1708 - Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, for supporting France in the War of the Spanish Succession. The Duchy of Mantua was confiscated by the emperor as a result.
 * 1793 - Georg Forster, for collaboration with the French Republic.

The imperial ban imposed by the Emperor Rudolf II on the city of Donauwörth after an anti-Catholic riot was one of the incidents leading to the Thirty Years' War.

An imperial ban on Bremen preceded the 1654 Swedish attack on Bremen.

title: Imperial ban


text: User talk:80.136.96.51

title: User talk:80.136.96.51


text:
User talk:Metaeducation

Hello and welcome to the user talk page for Metaeducation. If you would like to respond to a comment I have left for you, then please—leave the discussion where it is and don't fragment it for my sake! Just put a note giving me a heads up that you have added to the conversation, and provide a link if you are able.

I'd love it if before commenting you could take a moment (an hour?) to read my user page. It contains some amount of information about my editorial opinions, so if we just have a fundamental philosophical difference we can go straight to that instead of re-deriving it via discussion. I will frequently provide links instead of retyping lamer versions of arguments I've already made, and this is never intended to slight you. Just a device to save time, and maybe even enlist you to help upgrade my writing so it has more value.

Please notice that I have a very aggressive stance on "refactoring", and I hope that any discussion we have can be refined and migrated to more appropriate destinations, such as:

 * An update to our user pages of personal wiki/editing philosophy
 * An update to a policy page
 * An update to an article's talk page as an "editing guide"

In any event, the talk page is always a scratchpad, feel free to add whatever you like here! Thanks!

Database Normalization
I picked your name off the Normalization discussion group because I saw you took an interest in the topic and seemed to have been around a while. I will be proud to contribute to this work because I am very impressed with you and others who have already contributed so much. I do want you to think of normalization as only secondarily a reduction in redundancy. Primarily normalization is properly associating the measurement with the thing measured....

I placed: ''EF Codd proposed the process of normalization in general and 1st normal form in particular in his extremely influential paper A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks Communications of the ACM, Vol. 13, No. 6, June 1970, pp. 377-387. Copyright © 1970, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc ''

To put that paper into context, the first commercial computers were put into place in about 1952. COBOL was proposed in 1959 and first standardized in 1968. Codd is published in 1970. Codd's work is followed and perhaps eclipsed in 1981 by “Information Engineering”, James Martin and Clive Finkelstein, Savant Institute.

From Codd's paper…, "There is, in fact, a very simple elimination procedure which we shall call normalization." [His term eliminate is misleading, nothing is lost in normalization. Through decomposition nonsimple domains are replaced by "domains whose elements are atomic (nondecomposable) values." He uses the example of a person's "jobhistory" is replaced by lists of simpler elements such as "employer" and "title"],

That short selection emphasizes:
 * His conscious coining of the now very common term, normalization
 * His emphasis on solving the particular problem of what he called 'nonsimple' domains rather than making broader statements about semantics. Nonsimple is not a coinage that has stuck; it translates into 2005-speak as 'abstract data type' - a fittingly nonsimple term.

The concept of normalization is an essential milestone in the development of modern database design theory. Though Codd writes about data as strictly an input and output of data processing, you can find in his footnotes that he was beginning to think about problems as we do today. He writes, "Naturally, as with any data put into and retrieved from a computer system, the user will normally make far more effective use of the data if he is aware of its meaning."

Codd stated:

 * There is, in fact, a very simple elimination* procedure which we shall call normalization. Through decomposition nonsimple domains are replaced by "domains whose elements are atomic (nondecomposable) values."

 * * His term eliminate is misleading, as nothing is "lost" in normalization.

In his paper, Codd consciously coined the term normalization and emphasized on solving a the problem of what he called "nonsimple" domains. The latter did not stick, and is currently referred to as abstract data type. Codd wrote about data as strictly an input and output of data processing, however, in some of his footnotes, he wrote, "Naturally, as with any data put into and retrieved from a computer system, the user will normally make far more effective use of the data if he is aware of its meaning."

I read your interest in keeping the discussion on point so I ask you in particular, do you feel that my pp 2 was too much. (My point is to show that Codd's work is a part of a rolling conversation and not an immutable law.)

The other changes are permutations of the kinds of changes I am asking about above... except I wonder about the etiquette of stylistic changes. If the change is not based on an objective standard such as spelling ... then doesn't this process create a lot of disaffection?

Hope to hear from you... Bschmidt 03:46, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Interested in an L.A.-area Wiki meetup?
It's official! The first-ever L.A. Wiki Meetup will be occuring on July 25th, 2005. Are you coming? Would you like to help host? More details on the Meetup page. Be sure to check back regularly for updates! - Eric 1 July 2005 03:49 (UTC)

The Holy Trinity of Paragraphs

 * I disagree with your refactoring policy. Keeping intact archives is important, as original authors may not have wished you to alter what they said months after the fact; I see no reason why one can't summarize important lengthy discussions for easy perusal rather than deleting or removing portions that are inconvenient. I do agree that keeping organized talk pages is important for maintaining intelligible discussions, and am fine with moving new comments to appropriate parts of the talk page where issues are being discussed (sometimes), but when it's truly vital or when the person who originally made the comments wants them moved himself (and sometimes not even in the latter case, if the comments are important for the discussion) should talk pages be dramatically altered. .. But all that's beside the point being discussed, sorry.

 * I disagree that it "didn't get much shorter". The current version has 2612 characters; yours had 1779 characters, 68% of the size it had been. But, yes, like you, size isn't my main concern—we're both apparently exclusively worried about what best serves the article, be it large or small. We just disagree, apparently, as to what does that; I think that while the current paragraphs could probably use a little revising (particularly the last intro paragraph, which is overlong and uses too many weasel words), they at least provide all the necessary information in a clear and accurate way, which I didn't feel your version managed in many areas.

 * I'll consider making my own pages for my beliefs on this matter, yes; I've already done that to a small extent on my main page with a few things I support, but haven't updated it with a few new conclusions I've come to after arguing with people who truly think that no page can have over three paragraphs in its intro (even though countless featured articles already do). I'm glad to hear that you're not one of those people, and as such will be perfectly willing to discuss ways to ensure that the intro sticks to only the most relevant details and is a high-quality summary and overview of the whole page.

 * And yes, my first instinct was to edit your version of the page rather than to just revert and criticize it; I completely understand how frustrating it can be to do an important, large-scale edit and then have it be removed almost immediately. It happened to me the very first time I edited the Jesus page, and on a very minor point, though the issue was eventually resolved. However, considering that the section we're talking about is the opening paragraphs of one of the most widely-visited pages on all of Wikipedia, I think that the best place to make the paragraphs as good as possible is the Talk page, where we have plenty of room to discuss revisions and there's no risk of scaring away new visitors to the page with unfinished changes. I hope you don't mind. -Silence 20:28, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Eigenvalue etc...
Thanks for your contribution. Now the lead is better. Vb 09:58, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

The Richard O'Connor Intro
see updated comments on R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) talk page as of 17:56, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the Heads-Up
Thanks for the heads-up. I have heard of Fabian Pascal: he's a disciple of Chris Date and Hugh Darwen. I once requested an exam copy of his book, Practical Issues in Database Management, which I had expected to be quite good, but it got lost somehow (I got paperwork but no book). Now, though, he has plummeted in my esteem: I hold in contempt anyone who engages in ad hominem attacks rather than reasoned argument.

Thanks again, EmmetCaulfield 18:52, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia puzzle ball
Hi. There's an ongoing thread at foundation-l about the Wikipedia logo problems. I've just replied to someone who was asking about what is on "the other side" of the globe, with the only info I know, which is your 3d model! (as linked from Wikipedia:Wikimedia logos)

I was wondering if there were any more details or finished pieces that came out of that project? Definitely an intriguing start :) --Quiddity 08:53, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi Quiddity, glad you found that thread and that people are talking about this idea. My interest dropped after making that character chart you found, when I couldn't really get anyone too excited about it.  If there is renewed interest then I hope that it can be picked up where that work left off, it seems the blender models and tutorial video are still online. And I just uploaded the puzzle ball animation to YouTube, so maybe that can help spread the meme.
 * I'm still fairly certain that Blender (software) is a great candidate for the model, given that it's an open source tool available to everybody. But I lost interest in learning the program myself when I found that it is a somewhat traditional program that does not suit well to parameterization.  For my own learning of 3D, I'm more interested in the approaches used in programs like SolidWorks, but that's not open source!  In any case, I think the modeling work would be best delegated to skilled Blender users...Hazard did an excellent job so far, and it seems others are fluent in it too.
 * I definitely think the appearance of Wikipedia and publicity materials benefit from a truly scalable 3D logo, that could be re-rendered in various ways. And as someone mentioned, it could make a great fundraiser toy to actually manufacture the ball (if we just figured out what was on the back of it). Metaeducation 19:13, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Just slightly off-topic, I thought you could be interested in this discussion concerning the puzzle globe article :) Also, I'd like to hear your opinion on merging Wikimedia logos to Logos and slogans (actually, I'd even split this last one in two, but that could be a next move. Oh, and btw, I just loved your 3D model ideas. I hope you or someone finishes it sometime :) And lovely chart too, I'd undoubtly add that to the logo page (and will do so once - if - the merging is done). In any case, I'd like your permission to upload it to commons -- or even better, do it yourself :) Waldir talk 07:42, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I've upleaded the image :) Please make any adjustments to the licence, description, or anything you find appropriate. I'll try to look at the wiki logo subject this weekend if I can find some time. Cheers! Waldir talk 00:31, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I just merged (finally!) Wikimedia logos and Logos and slogans (which is now located at Slogans) into Wikipedia logos. Just though you'd like to know. I still have to merge m:Meta:Historical/Logo history into that, but I'll get there! Cheers, Waldir talk 18:01, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

Hi, do you still need textures for the Wikipedia logo? I don't have the exact same font, but I can provide an SVG file for Korean "위" if you want. --Kjoonlee 15:57, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Image:Hangul wi.svg --Kjoonlee 23:04, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

Hi User:Metaeducation; I'm working on this too, in POV-Ray. :-) I have some research on characters at m:Talk:Errors in the Wikipedia logo if that's any help to you.  -- tiny plastic Grey Knight ⊖ 14:07, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

There is currently a thread on the foundation mailing list, discussing both a 3d version of the globe with the hidden pieces filled in, as well as the problems seen in the current logo. Just a heads up. Looks like it might have more momentum this time around :) -- Quiddity (talk) 18:57, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Henna Pattern Left Hand.jpg
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File:Metaeducation User Icon.jpg listed for deletion
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This Thursday: Women in Architecture edit-a-thon @ Getty Center
You are invited to join the Women in Architecture edit-a-thon @ Getty Center in LA on October 15! (drop-in any time, 10am-4pm)--Pharos (talk) 18:25, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:01, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

change of redirect of Dynamic IP Address Change to IP Address from DHCP
Hi. I don't get the logic nor the rational for change of an initial redirect of dynamic ip address to Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol being changed to ip address... If someone was looking for IP Address by itself wouldn't they take the lesser and simpler steps of simply writing ip address? Instead dynamic ip address is now redirected to IP Address. Why would someone take the extra step to add an extra word to end up at a place that they specifically didn't want to be, is the nature of my question? I typed in dynamic ip address - using Wikipedia because I was trying to utilize Wikipedia as a timesaver - and instead had to read the portion of the article to recall the terminology and it defeated the entire point of using Wikipedia as a time saver... Now that I am off-topic of my original quest (having spent the last 10-15 minutes retracing what happened & why) I am now petitioning you for an explanation of your logic, in addition to a petition of cooperative spirit to change it back to Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol... Regards, Steve Stevenmitchell (talk) 16:38, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

7th Annual Los Angeles Wiknic
It's the 7th Annual Los Angeles Wiknic! Sunday, September 30, 11:00-4:00 PM Pan Pacific Park, 7600 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90036 Hang out. Consume crowd-sourced BBQ! Bask in the glory of late September in Los Angeles (and the glory of our new user group, Wikimedians of Los Angeles). RSVP (and volunteer) here. We hope to see you there! JSFarman (talk) 02:50, 9 September 2018 (UTC) Join our Facebook group, or follow us on Twitter! To opt out of future mailings about LA meetups, please remove your name from this list.

Orphaned non-free image File:Return Fire 3DO Game Packaging.jpg
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Invitation to attend a Southern California Regional mini Unconference
Who: All Wikipedians & Wikimedians

What: Southern California Regional mini Unconference.

When: Sunday 3 March 2019, 2:00PM PST / 1400 until 4:10PM PST / 1610

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Sponsor: San Diego Wikimedians User Group ( US-SAN )

Your host:

Please add your username to our attendees list so we know how many will be attending, due to the limited size of the cafe.

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Art + Feminism 2019
- MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 04:06, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

Southern California Wiknic & Bonfire invitation
 Meetup-San Diego-September 2K19 Who: All members of the public

What: Southern California Wiknic & Bonfire.

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Scientology
In: User:Metaeducation / second paragraph / last sentence you write:

Like psychiatry, they force limited viewpoints on their victims, and charge them huge amounts of money for assistance that is largely ineffective.

Whom do you mean with "they": The Church of Scientology, or CCHR or ...?

In which way do they force their viewpoints on their victims?

Whom do you consider "victims"?

What is your source for "assistance that is largely ineffective"?

Did you try it yourself?

I would suggest and apppreciate, if you would squeeze in your answers right below the appropriate question.

Please ping me. Steue (talk) 08:40, 28 October 2020 (UTC)

Happy New Year from Wikimedians of Los Angeles!
--JSFarman (talk) 02:08, 4 January 2022 (UTC)

June 8, 2024
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 15:21, 30 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Metaeducation


text:
File:Squarepusher.hardnormaldaddy.jpg

summary
Squarepusher 'Hard Normal Daddy' album cover

Fair use in Hard Normal Daddy
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source
http://www.last.fm/music/Squarepusher/Hard%20Normal%20Daddy
 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Squarepusher.hardnormaldaddy.jpg


text:
Africare

Africare is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. which provides development aid for Africa. It was founded by Dr. Joseph Kennedy and C. Payne Lucas in 1970, former Peace Corps members who worked in eastern Niger. Africare is the largest and oldest African-American founded international NGO focused exclusively on the continent of Africa. Since 1970, Africare has been improving lives and building a better future by partnering with local communities, focusing on agriculture and food security, healthcare, maternal and child health, HIV/AIDS, access to potable water, and women's empowerment. In more than 40 years of building partnerships with local communities, NGOs, governments and the private sector, Africare has invested over $1 billion in more than 35 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Organization
The organization employs men and women who are largely indigenous to the countries or to the areas where it works. More than 98% of the staff is of African descent and about 30 staff and volunteers work at the organization's headquarters in the Washington, D.C.

Africare's programs address needs mostly in the areas of food security and agriculture, health and HIV/AIDS, water and sanitation, and emergency and humanitarian aid. Africare also supports water resource development, environmental resource management, basic education, microenterprise development, governance initiatives, and women's empowerment.

Countries of operation
Africare currently has active programs in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Ghana, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe.

History
In 1970, when Africare was founded, West Africa was in the midst of one of the most severe droughts in its history. Among those providing help—medical aid to the Maine-Soroa town Hospital in Diffa, Niger—were 17 American volunteers, led by William O. Kirker, M.D., and Barbara Jean A. Kirker, who named their group "Africare". The Kirkers themselves had been working in Africa to improve African healthcare since 1966, but eventually they needed more support. Diori Hamani, then president of the Republic of Niger, appealed to the United States on the effort's behalf, asking, "Why don't black Americans, whose ancestors came from the continent, respond to the needs in Africa?"

C. Payne Lucas, then the director of the Peace Corps Office of Returned Volunteers in Washington, D.C. served previously in Niger and knew the president from that time. Lucas and others decided to form an organization to answer Hamani's appeal.

In 1970, Africare was incorporated in Hawaii, with Kirker as its founder and first president. In 1971, Africare was permanently reincorporated in Washington, D.C. Lucas became the executive director (later, that title changed to "president"), and Kirker joined the board. In addition to Kirker and Lucas, other incorporators were Oumarou G. Youssoufou, a Nigerian diplomat, and Joseph C. Kennedy, Ph.D., then in the Peace Corps. It began with a $39,550 budget, a U.S. headquarters in the basement of Lucas's home and one project in Niger.

Africare first concentrated on helping to alleviate the effects of severe drought in West Africa. By the mid-1970s, Africare had shifted its emphasis to development programs in the areas of food, water, the environment and health—expanding in the late 1980s to include microenterprise development, governance, basic education and, as it became necessary, HIV/AIDS response, as well as emergency humanitarian aid.

Africare leadership
The president and CEO of Africare since November, 2015, is Robert L. Mallett. He develops Africare's strategic vision in a new environment for development assistance. He articulates Africare's unique guiding philosophy and value proposition. Mr. Mallett has a diverse background in law, government, public policy, healthcare and international development. Before joining Africare in late 2015, Mr. Mallett served on the board of directors for seven years and as president and CEO at Accordia Global Health Foundation which has just merged with Africare. He was a senior corporate executive at two of the world's largest companies. He was executive vice president and general counsel for the Public & Senior Markets Group at United Healthcare and at Pfizer Inc. he served as senior vice president of worldwide public affairs and policy and as president of the Pfizer Foundation. Mallett has been in private practice at international law firms in the United States, and served in former president Bill Clinton's administration as acting secretary and deputy secretary of the U.S. Department of Commerce. He is a graduate of Morehouse College and received a law degree from Harvard University.

In mid-June 2002, C. Payne Lucas retired after 31 years as president and Africare hired its third president, Julius E. Coles, a 28-year veteran of the U.S. Agency for International Development, the first director of the Ralph J. Bunche International Affairs Center at Howard University and, most recently, director of the Andrew Young Center for International Affairs at Morehouse College.

Dr. Darius Mans assumed the position of President of Africare on January 4, 2010. Prior to joining Africare, Dr. Mans served as acting chief executive officer of Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). Dr. Mans has over 30 years of development experience with a major focus on African countries. Prior to being tapped as acting chief executive officer for MCC, Dr. Mans was the organization's vice president of implementation where he oversaw the strategic and operational approaches of MCC's entire compact implementation portfolio of over $6.3 billion in 18 countries. Mans also served as MCC's managing director for Africa, where he drove an increase in commitments to Africa by $1.6 billion.

title: Africare


text: File:Action Comics 800.jpg

title: File:Action Comics 800.jpg


text:
User:Kymacpherson

{|border=0 style="width: 100%"

Poker
Some individuals with whom I have played poker include:
 * Main event champions: Johnny ChanhT, Phil HellmuthhmT*, Berry JohnstonoT, Tom McEvoymT*, Joe McKeehensT, Chris MoneymakerhT, Carlos MortensenhmT, Scotty NguyenmT†, Greg RaymerhmT, Robert VarkonyihT
 * Poker pros: Saif AhmadhTF, James AkenheadhT, Matthew AshtonhT, David "Bakes" BakeroT, Eric BaldwinhT, Lyle BermanmT, Michael BingerhT, Andy BlackhoT, Andy BlochhT, Noah BoekenhmT, John BonettihTF, Burt BoutinhT, Dutch BoydhoT, Humberto BreneshT, Chad BrownhT*, Todd BrunsonoT, Brent CarteroT, John CernutosmT†, Bill ChenhmT, David ChiuhT, Paul ClarkhT, Scott ClementshT, T. J. CloutierhT†, Artie CobbsT, Hoyt CorkinshTF, Tony CousineauoT†, Allen CunninghamhT, John D'AgostinooT, Freddy Deebo$, Bill EdlerhT, Scott FischmanmT, Layne FlackhT, Tom FranklinhT, Jimmy FrickehT, Kristy GazeshT, Chau GiangoT, Phil GordonhT†, Clonie Gowenh$, Barry GreensteinsT, Gavin GriffinmT, Bertrand GrospellierhT*, John GuthoT, Randy HollandhT, Phil IveyoT, Alex JacobhT, Kenna JameshT, Chip JettsT*, Linda JohnsonoT, Marco JohnsonmTF, Brett JungblutoT†, Phil LaakhT†, Nam LehT†, Toto LeonidasoT, David LevimT, Kathy LiebertmT, Erick LindgrenhT, Marcel LüskeoT, Tony MaoT, Jeff MadsenmT*, Mike MatusowoT, Jason MercierhT, Tiffany MichellehT, Robert MizrachioT, Sorel MizzihTF†*, John MonnettesT, Greg MuellerhT, John MyunghT*, Daniel NegreanusT, Men NguyenhT, Minh NguyenhT, Phi NguyenhT, David PhamhT, John PhanhT†, Rep PorteroT, Victor RamdinsmT†, Vanessa RoussohT, Tom SchneideroT, Mitch SchockhmT, Ylon SchwartzhsT, Erik SeidelhT, Mark SeifhT, Shannon ShorrmT, Barry ShulmanoT, David SklanskyomT, Justin SmithoT, John SpadavecchiamTF, Martin StaszkomT, Robert TurnermT, Dave UlliotthT, James Van AlstynehmT, Vinny VinhhT, Robert Williamson IIIoT, Roy WinstonhT, Steve ZolotowhomT
 * Celebrities: Morris Chestnuth$, Irv GottihT, Robert IlerhT, Michael PhelpshTF, Matt SavagemT, Nicole SullivanhT, Vince Vaughnh$, James WoodsmT
 * Family: my dadhs$TF†*

High pointing
State high points visited:
 * 2016: LA, AR, AL
 * 2017: DE, TN, NC, MS, TX, GA
 * 2019: FL

Other summits visited:
 * 2008: Swiftcurrent Mountain
 * 2014: Death Valley Buttes

Other summits attempted:
 * 2002: Männlichen (turned back due to weather)
 * 2015: Spirit Mountain (Nevada) (wrong route)

Other interests

 * Caving
 * Rock climbing
 * Volleyball

Recommended articles
Here are some Wikipedia pages I have enjoyed:

 * Jumping the shark
 * Tin-foil hat
 * Parkour
 * Flying Spaghetti Monster
 * Jedi census phenomenon
 * The Bubble Project
 * Series of tubes
 * Muntzing
 * Time Cube
 * Pop Rocks
 * Atlanta Nights
 * David Manning (fictitious writer)
 * Mechanical floor
 * Aria di sorbetto
 * Natural nuclear fission reactor
 * Kessler Syndrome
 * Atari video game burial
 * Hobo nickel
 * Victory clasp
 * D. B. Cooper
 * Mammalian diving reflex
 * Night air
 * Department of Fun/Word Association
 * Denver International Airport (no longer remarkable since the Conspiracy thories section was deleted) — a government cover-up?
 * User talk:127.0.0.1 (once a mysterious phenomenon, now too cluttered with drivel)
 * Urinal etiquette (article was deleted 28 May 2006)
 * List of musicians appearing on Beavis and Butt-head (article was deleted 10 July 2007)

Web resources
In addition to Wikipedia, here are some other free internet resources I have found useful:
 * MathWorld — mathematics reference
 * WordReference.com — features a comprehensive english-spanish dictionary

 * }

title: User:Kymacpherson


text: User talk:69.163.78.96

title: User talk:69.163.78.96


text:
Uralsk

Uralsk (Уральск) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
 * Uralsk, Republic of Bashkortostan, a selo in Uralsky Selsoviet of Uchalinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan
 * Uralsk, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Iriklinsky Settlement Council of Gaysky District of Orenburg Oblast

title: Uralsk


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/William J Kendrick

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 02:55, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

William J Kendrick
Autobiographical article written by User:Billkendrick. Doesn't appear notable, google returns 44 hits. Delete--Sophitus 10:34, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * DELETE: Homepage personal bio article against Wiki policy -Husnock 11:17, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Husnock. Karol 17:45, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. - Etacar11 00:13, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy then delete. Autobiographic vanity, per edit history, no indication of encyclopedic notability.  Barno 20:37, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * There are actually "about 29,900" hits for "Bill Kendrick" on Google. (But only 40 for "William J Kendrick", which I don't go by on a day-to-day basis)
 * Userfy. JamesBurns 09:07, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Two-photon physics

Two-photon physics, also called gamma–gamma physics, is a branch of particle physics that describes the interactions between two photons. Normally, beams of light pass through each other unperturbed. Inside an optical material, and if the intensity of the beams is high enough, the beams may affect each other through a variety of non-linear effects. In pure vacuum, some weak scattering of light by light exists as well. Also, above some threshold of this center-of-mass energy of the system of the two photons, matter can be created.

Cosmological/intergalactic gamma rays
Photon–photon interactions limit the spectrum of observed gamma-ray photons at moderate cosmological distances to a photon energy below around 20 GeV, that is, to a wavelength of greater than approximately $6.2 m$. This limit reaches up to around 20 TeV at merely intergalactic distances. An analogy would be light traveling through a fog: at near distances a light source is more clearly visible than at long distances due to the scattering of light by fog particles. Similarly, the further a gamma-ray travels through the universe, the more likely it is to be scattered by an interaction with a low energy photon from the extragalactic background light.

At those energies and distances, very high energy gamma-ray photons have a significant probability of a photon-photon interaction with a low energy background photon from the extragalactic background light resulting in either the creation of particle-antiparticle pairs via direct pair production or (less often) by photon-photon scattering events that lower the incident photon energies. This renders the universe effectively opaque to very high energy photons at intergalactic to cosmological distances.

Experiments
Two-photon physics can be studied with high-energy particle accelerators, where the accelerated particles are not the photons themselves but charged particles that will radiate photons. The most significant studies so far were performed at the Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP) at CERN. If the transverse momentum transfer and thus the deflection is large, one or both electrons can be detected; this is called tagging. The other particles that are created in the interaction are tracked by large detectors to reconstruct the physics of the interaction.

Frequently, photon-photon interactions will be studied via ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) of heavy ions, such as gold or lead. These are collisions in which the colliding nuclei do not touch each other; i.e., the impact parameter $$b$$ is larger than the sum of the radii of the nuclei. The strong interaction between the quarks composing the nuclei is thus greatly suppressed, making the weaker electromagnetic $$\gamma\gamma$$ interaction much more visible. In UPCs, because the ions are heavily charged, it is possible to have two independent interactions between a single ion pair, such as production of two electron-positron pairs. UPCs are studied with the STARlight simulation code.

Light-by-light scattering, as predicted in, can be studied using the strong electromagnetic fields of the hadrons collided at the LHC, it has first been seen in 2016 by the ATLAS collaboration and was then confirmed by the CMS collaboration., including at high two-photon energies. The best previous constraint on the elastic photon–photon scattering cross section was set by PVLAS, which reported an upper limit far above the level predicted by the Standard Model. Observation of a cross section larger than that predicted by the Standard Model could signify new physics such as axions, the search of which is the primary goal of PVLAS and several similar experiments.

Processes
From quantum electrodynamics it can be found that photons cannot couple directly to each other and a fermionic field according to the Landau-Yang theorem since they carry no charge and no 2 fermion + 2 boson vertex exists due to requirements of renormalizability, but they can interact through higher-order processes or couple directly to each other in a vertex with an additional two W bosons: a photon can, within the bounds of the uncertainty principle, fluctuate into a virtual charged fermion–antifermion pair, to either of which the other photon can couple. This fermion pair can be leptons or quarks. Thus, two-photon physics experiments can be used as ways to study the photon structure, or, somewhat metaphorically, what is "inside" the photon.

There are three interaction processes: The intrinsic quark content of the photon is described by the photon structure function, experimentally analyzed in deep-inelastic electron–photon scattering.
 * Direct or pointlike: The photon couples directly to a quark inside the target photon. If a lepton–antilepton pair is created, this process involves only quantum electrodynamics (QED), but if a quark–antiquark pair is created, it involves both QED and perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD).
 * Single resolved: The quark pair of the target photon form a vector meson. The probing photon couples to a constituent of this meson.
 * Double resolved: Both target and probe photon have formed a vector meson. This results in an interaction between two hadrons.

For the latter two cases, the scale of the interaction is such as the strong coupling constant is large. This is called vector meson dominance (VMD) and has to be modelled in non-perturbative QCD.

title: Two-photon physics


text: User talk:82.39.116.160

title: User talk:82.39.116.160


text:
Talk:Grand Lake Theatre

Untitled
I wrote this article and would like to include a photo, so I'm going to try to take one once I get back to Oakland for the summer. I can't find one with a Wikipedia-friendly license online. The closest I can get is at http://www.flickr.com/photos/sethgaines/2542680/in/set-63966/ but it was recently decided that non-commercial licenses aren't acceptable. --Andy M. 10:37, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I will work on this. I actually have a view of the theater's sign out of my window, so it shouldn't be hard to get a picture of the theater.Konky2000 20:27, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Is the building truly "Art Deco"? I might consider it more of a neo-classical building than Art Deco, but I would like to get some opinions on the matter.Konky2000 20:27, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

 * After having gone to the theater I have decided that this is definately not "Art Deco". Inside, the theater feels much more like Parisian neoclassicism.  I have tried to change the wording to better reflect this. Konky2000 18:18, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Judging from the photograph, I would say the Grand Lake's architecture is not Art Deco at all, although the marquee is. Most likely, the current marquee was added some time in the 1930's or later. The exterior style of the building I would call neo-mannerist or mannerist revival. There's an interesting article on mannerist architecture here: http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/REN/ARCHI.HTM Whyaduck 10:44, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Grand Lake Theatre


text:
User:Lord KRISHNA

The greatest band in the world is Explosions In The Sky. Period.

I am interested in everything from History to Science. My activity in wikipedia usually consists of going around looking for mistakes to correct.

title: User:Lord KRISHNA


text:
Star Awards

Star Awards (Chinese: 红星大奖) are awards for artistic and technical merit where Mediacorp recognises entertainers under their employment for outstanding performances of the year.

The awards are given annually in a ceremony. The various category winners are awarded a trophy, with initial designs featuring various star shapes. The star was subsequently removed and the trophy is designed as an S-shaped column, depicting the star.

History
The first Star Awards presentation was held on 26 February 1994, took place at the Caldecott Broadcast Centre, Mediacorp TV Theatre with an audience of about 500 people. There have no other pre-show and post-awards ceremony held in that year. Winners were announced during the presentation of the ceremony, the ceremony also presented a popularity contest, with Li Nanxing, Chew Chor Meng and Zoe Tay winning the Most Popular Actor and Actress award, respectively. The first Best Drama Serial was only awarded during the third Awards in 1996 to Tofu Street for an outstanding overall performance. The nominees are determined by a team of judges employed by Mediacorp and winners are selected by a majority vote from the entire judging panel. Chew Chor Meng, Li Nanxing, Terence Cao, Sean Say, Desmond Sim, Chen Liping, Chen Xiuhuan, Pan Lingling, Aileen Tan, and Zoe Tay received the award as the 10 Most Popular Artistes, with five awards given to male and female artistes; these artistes were awarded by popularity among the television audience based from the public via telephone and SMS text voting. Since 1997, the number of recipients for each category were expanded to ten.

Institutions and milestones
{| class="wikitable" width=90% text-align:left;"

1994–2010s

 * Fann Wong was the first Best Actress recipient for her role in "Chronicle of Life,"(Chinese: 缘尽今生) marking her as the inaugural awardee since the award's introduction in 1995.

 * Li Nanxing received an award for his performance in "Wounded Tracks," (Chinese: 伤城记) honoring his outstanding leading role, while Zhu Xiufeng was recognized for her supporting role in the drama "Chronicle of Life,"(Chinese: 缘尽今生).

 * Special Acheievement Award, given between 1995 and 2003, honored artistes for their significant contributions, later revived in 2018 with Marcus Chin as the recipient.

 * The recent award in 2022 and 2023 ends with the Best Actor and Actress award, but recent ceremonies' last award would be Top 10 Most Popular Male or Female Artistes award, a popularity contest open for all nominated Mediacorp Artistes.

 * Variety categories were introduced in the 1998 ceremony, expanding eligibility to include variety programs and their artistes.

 * All-Time Favourite Artiste replaced the Special Acheievement Award in 2004 ceremony, honoring artistes who won the Top 10 Most Popular Male or Female Artiste awards ten times.

 * Ceremonies were held annually in April to celebrate television talents from the previous year, with changes in scheduling over the years.

2010–2020s

 * 2010 ceremony introduced new awards like Favourite Male Character and Female Characters and the Rocket Award, focusing on artistes' contributions and improvement.

 * 20th Star Awards ceremony in 2014 introduced the Social Media Award and The Most Popular Regional Artiste Award. 2014 saw revisions in award category quotas, affecting the presentation of certain awards like Best News Presenter and Best Newcomer.

 * 2015 ceremonies marked the last time they were held at the Caldecott Broadcast Centre before moving to the Mediacorp campus. During Show 1 of the presentation, Jeanette Aw emerged as a major winner, securing victories across the majority of categories that night.

 * 2016 ceremony saw changes in award presentation and the last occurrence of online Favourite award categories and the first cremeony which introduced the Best Evergreen Artiste Award. A new category, 'Best Programme Host', was created with a merger of two hosting awards (Best Variety Show Host and Best Info-Ed Programme Host) due to a similar presentation style in both the variety and info-ed programmes, as well as similar eligibility criteria. Regrettably, the technical categories moves to backstage during the proceedings of the year 2016. Consequently, these significant aspects of the event were omitted from the broadcast, limiting the recognition and appreciation of the technical excellence displayed by the nominees and winners in their respective fields.

 * At the 2017 ceremony, online voting categories were also streamlined, by putting more emphasis placed on the Top 10 Most Popular Artiste awards, while the Favourite Male and Female Character, and Favourite Onscreen Couple awards, as well as Social Media Award were dropped due to the change. Due to the switch in measuring television viewership, the Top Rated Variety Programme and Top Rated Drama Serial awards were also suspended.

 * The 2018 ceremony saw revamps towards the Top 10 Popularity Awards, whereas a poll of 1,000 people representing a wide demographic across Singapore's population, were conducted independently by an accredited market research company, will be used to shortlist the nominations. The results of the poll weighed 50% towards the combined total, while the other 50% comes from the public vote (with 50% weighed on telepoll and online votes each). Eligibility criteria for performance and popularity categories were also revised, opening up to non-Mediacorp artistes; eligible artistes were now required to lead a role in a programme or play as a supporting role/assistant host in at least three eligible programmes or at least 30 episodes out of all eligible programmes, whichever applicable. Best Evergreen Artiste were also accessed on veteran artistes based on a full calendar year, as opposed to a single programme.

 * The 2019 ceremony, coinciding the silver jubilee of the ceremony on 14 April 2019, introduced two categories to feature miniseries, which were the Best Short-form Drama Serial and Best Short-form Variety Programme.

2020–present

 * The 2021 ceremony, initially announced to be held on 26 April 2020 and announced that the event is postponed to the second half of 2020 due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, making it the first ceremony in 13 years since the revision of the eligibility period in 2008 where the ceremony would not be held on the month of April; On 7 August 2020, the ceremony was pushed to 18 April 2021 and expanding the eligibility to include 2020 programs, resulting in the increase of nominations for most of the award categories, from the traditional five to seven. The ceremony also introduces radio awards coinciding the 85th anniversary of radio broadcasting in Singapore. For the first time since 2014, the award ceremony was announced to be held outside studios, located on the Jewel Changi Airport and Terminal 4.

 * The 2022 ceremony brought back the popularity awards that were discontinued during the earlier awards. They were introduced as MyPick! Awards and the awards were presented in the backstage livestream instead of the Main ceremony.

 * The 2023 ceremony saw introductions of the Most Popular Rising Star award and revamps towards the Top 10 Popularity Awards. Nominees are no longer shortlisted into the Top 40 nominees, instead they are eligible as long as they have acted in a Lead role or main host in an eligible programme or a Supporting role or episodic host in 3 eligible programme/30 episodes in total across all eligible programme, while having more than 5 years of professional screen acting and/or screen/audio hosting experience before the award ceremony, Most Popular Rising Star have similar requirements, but they can be nominated with being a Supporting role or episodic host in a single eligible programme, while having 5 or less years of professional screen acting and/or screen/audio hosting (excluding cameo appearances/experiences before turning 18 years of age), and being 18 years and above to be nominated.

 * Star Awards 2024 marks the removal of the Best Evergreen Artiste Award by Mediacorp, and believes that artistic excellence transcends age. As a result, Veteran artistes are now valued based on their contributions across various acting and program categories in the nominations. Additionally, Mediacorp introduced a new category during this year's awards ceremony: "Best Audio Personality," aimed at recognizing outstanding hosts in the audio industry. This initiative aims to provide greater opportunities for DJs and audio presenters to participate and be acknowledged for their contributions.

The last 2 awards at Star Awards 2022 were the Best Actor and Best Actress Awards instead of the Top 10 Awards. Previously, technical category awards (e.g. Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Variety Show Producer, etc.), newscaster and current affairs awards and, for a time, the Young Talent Award (for child actors) were held separately at a gala dinner (or afternoon conference) due to time constraints and results and clips from the event would be shown either during the ceremony, or live-streaming before the ceremony. Between 2010 and 2015, and again in 2017, those technical awards were presented in Show 1 (or during the three prelude episodes, in 2017), while the Show 2 presented the main awards. Since 2016 (with the exception for 2017), the format was reverted with the technical category awards presented at an off-site ceremony. In accordance to the social distancing measures, the ceremony is conducted closed-doors, and international celebrities communicate via teleconference due to travel restrictions.

 * }
 * }

Theme Tune
Since 1995, the signature theme tune titled "Linking the World", composed by Christopher Evans. It was subsequently modified to have different renditions of the same tune for subsequent ceremonies.

Since 2019, the original theme tune was re-composed as "Starlight" 《星光》, with a new rendition and lyrics. This new rendition was used as the opener for the ceremony since 2021.

Trophy
Since its establishment in 1994, the Star Awards trophy has undergone four different designs:

 * 1994: The trophy featured a transparent column topped with a silver, multi-faceted star.
 * 1995 to 1997: The trophy consisted of a column topped with a gold star.
 * 1998 to 1999: The trophy took on a conical shape with a large star.
 * 2000 to present: Designed in Shanghai, each trophy weighs 4 kilograms and is valued at $1000. Its design is formed by the crystalline shape of the letter "S," which, when viewed from another angle, resembles the letter "A," forming the abbreviation for "Star Awards." The trophy's color varies each year (green, purple, gold, brown, blue, etc.).

Lists of award ceremonies
To date, 29 ceremonies were held, as summarised below:

Ceremony hosts
The following individuals have hosted the Star Awards ceremony.

Telecast
The major awards are presented at a live televised ceremony, commonly in April following the relevant calendar year in order to focus on the full calendar year; prior to the 2007 ceremony, the ceremony were held at the end of the year (usually December) while there is no ceremony in 2008 due to a format change.

2007 was the first ceremony to have a double ceremony, one that paid tribute to the 25th Anniversary of television, and a second ceremony being the normal ceremony. Between 2010 and 2015, the Professional and Technical awards (given out to backstage crew and scriptwriters) were telecast and presented in the first show, and the main awards on the second, airing the following week. While the first show was still held at Mediacorp TV Theatre, the second show was, for the third time in Star Awards history, being held on the new location of Resorts World Sentosa, after 1996 and 2006. Both of the ceremonies were broadcast live on 18 and 25 April 2010. The post-show was held after the second ceremony at 10pm on Channel U.

In 2016, although the show was a two-part program, the technical awards was, for the first time since 2009, presented in an off-site non-televised presentation instead of being presented live in show 1. In their place, the main ceremony (which was presented in show 2) was also split into two shows, allowing to put more emphasis on mostly variety/info-ed award categories and drama award categories, for shows 1 and 2, respectively. The Post-show Party, airing after show 2, focuses on online voting award categories. For the first time in Star Awards history, the awards for the Top 10 Artistes were presented in separate shows instead of single show, with the female artistes awarded in show 1, and the male artistes on show 2.

At the 2017 ceremony, in a gap of eight installments since 2009, the ceremony was reverted to one show, and the post-show party was scrapped. In-lieu of the "3+1" change, a three-episode weekly preludes aired on Sundays before the main ceremony. The preludes were removed in 2018.

With the merger of Mediacorp with SPH MediaWorks on 1 January 2005, nominees now include artistes and shows from Mediacorp Channel U, formerly MediaWork's Chinese language channel, and were broadcast for said channel since. Between 2010 and 2014, xinmsn provided its first online Live streaming for both the ceremony as well as backstage, and since 2013, Toggle (both the website and the smartphone/smart TV application). However, these streams were only viewable exclusive to Singapore. Starting from the 2019 ceremony, the awards are also livestreamed on YouTube, and is viewable to the world.

Venues
In 1994, the first Star Awards were presented at the Caldecott Broadcast Centre, Mediacorp TV Theatre and the following year until 2015; however, seven ceremonies were held outside the studios: in 1996, the venue of Star Awards changed to World Trade Centre, Harbour Pavilion and was hosted by Guo Liang and Yvette Tsui. In 2006, the ceremony was held at St James Power Station, near VivoCity and Sentosa. Between 2010 and 2014, the ceremony was also held outside location while the show was split into two, with the first show held at Caldecott Hill, while the second show was held at Resorts World Sentosa (2010 and 2011), Marina Bay Sands (2012 and 2013) and Suntec City (2014).

In 2016, the awards had since held at the new Mediacorp Campus, MES Theatre @ Mediacorp, and it became the presentation's current venue with incredibly spacious interior and stunning architectural designs, the 1,500-seater performance venue features tiered seating in its stalls and two circle levels, including removable seats at the lower stall and additional audience sitting space at the orchestra pit for people with special needs. However, two other ceremonies that are held outside the studios, making the tradition of holding the ceremonies outside the studios being brought back after a 9 year hiatus and 5 years after the new theatre was opened. The 2021 was held in Jewel Changi Airport and Changi Airport Terminal 4 while the 2023 ceremony was held in Marina Bay Sands for the third time, after 10 years.

Popularity categories
Technical Awards As of 2018, only four technical awards were presented during off-site ceremony.

 * Best Screenplay
 * Best Variety Producer
 * Best Director
 * Best Variety Research Writer

Discontinued or suspended awards
One-time Awards

 * 40th Anniversary Evergreen Achievement Award (Awarded only in 2003)
 * Talented Artiste Award 多才多艺红星奖 (Awarded only in 2004)
 * Honorary TV Award (Awarded only in 2013)
 * Perfect Combo (Awarded only in 2022)
 * Most Attention Seeking New-Gen Host (Awarded only in 2022)

Technical Awards Note: All the categories were introduced in 1998 (unless otherwise stated), and these awards were presented outside broadcast except for 2010–2015, where it was presented on one show.

Retired awards
A number of awards have either suspended or retired throughout the years, including some that have been replaced by similar award categories in other areas of recognition:

Suspended Awards

Records
As of 2024:

Overall wins/nominations by a performer, program, etc.

 * Most wins by a drama serial in a single year
 * The Dream Makers II 志在四方 II – 12

 * Most nominations by a drama serial in a single year
 * The Dream Makers II 志在四方 II – 16

 * Drama series with all five wins in acting categories:
 * Holland V 荷兰村 and The Dream Makers II 志在四方 II

 * Most Best Actor wins
 * Chen Hanwei 陈汉玮 – 7

 * Most Best Actress wins
 * Huang Biren 黃碧仁 – 5

 * Most Best Actor nominations
 * Christopher Lee 李铭顺 – 14

 * Most Best Actress nominations
 * Zoe Tay 郑惠玉 – 14

 * Most Best Supporting Actor wins
 * Huang Yiliang 黄奕良 – 3

 * Most Best Supporting Actress wins
 * Xiang Yun 向云 – 5

 * Most Best Supporting Actor nominations
 * Chen Shucheng 陈澍城 – 10

 * Most Best Supporting Actress nominations
 * Xiang Yun 向云 – 11

 * Most Young Talent wins
 * Regene Lim 林咏谊 – 3

 * Artist with Most Theme Song wins
 * Kelvin Tan 陈伟联 – 4

 * Artist with Most Theme Song nominations
 * Fann Wong 范文芳 – 6

 * Most wins by a variety/info-ad programme in a single year
 * Love On A Plate 名厨出走记 – 4

 * Most nominations by variety/info-ad programme in a single year
 * Black Rose 爆料黑玫瑰 – 7

 * Most wins for a Variety Programme
 * City Beat 城人杂志, The Joy Truck 快乐速递, Say It If You Dare 有话好好说 and GeTai Challenge 歌台星力量 – 2

 * Most nominations for a Variety Programme
 * City Beat 城人杂志 – 6

 * Most wins for an Info-ad Programme
 * Tuesday Report 星期二特写 – 5

 * Most nominations for an Info-ad Programme
 * Tuesday Report 星期二特写 – 22

 * Most wins for a Variety Special
 * Star Awards 红星大奖 – 9

 * Most nominations for a Variety Special
 * Star Awards 红星大奖 – 22

 * Most Variety Show Host wins (programme hosts exclusive)
 * Sharon Au 欧菁仙, Mark Lee 李国煌 and Kym Ng 鐘琴 – 4

 * Most Variety Show Host wins (programme hosts inclusive)
 * Quan Yi Fong 权怡凤 – 8

 * Most Variety Show Host nominations (programme hosts inclusive)
 * Mark Lee 李国煌, Kym Ng 鐘琴 – 9

 * Most Info-Ed Programme Host wins
 * Belinda Lee 李心钰 – 2

 * Most Info-Ed Programme Host nominations
 * Guo Liang 郭亮, Bryan Wong 王禄江 – 5

 * All-time Favourite Artistes with ten consecutive Top 10 Most Popular Artistes awards
 * Zoe Tay 郑惠玉, Li Nanxing 李南星, Chew Chor Meng 周初明, Xie Shaoguang 谢韶光, Fann Wong 范文芳, Xiang Yun 向云, Rui En 瑞恩, Elvin Ng 黄俊雄 and Rebecca Lim 林慧玲

Awards and nominations
Star Awards had been nominated for 16 times since the Best Variety Special category was introduced in 1998 (with the exceptions for five shows, the award was not presented in years 2000 and 2018; while the ceremony were not nominated in years 1999, 2001 and 2006). As of 2021, eight shows, out of the total 22 ceremonies since 1997 were won, with their first win in 2007 which was awarded for the 2006's ceremony. Other categories for Star Awards, which were nominated or won, were also reflected in the table:

undefined Each year is linked to the article about the Star Awards held that year.

title: Star Awards