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Liquid Tension Experiment 2

Liquid Tension Experiment 2 is the second studio album by the band Liquid Tension Experiment, released on June 15, 1999 through Magna Carta Records. The album reached No. 8 on the Billboard Top Internet Albums chart and No. 40 on Billboard's Heatseekers. It would take the band another 22 years before they would release their third album.

Overview
Each song is described by the band in detail within the liner notes. Bassist Tony Levin almost exclusively used a Chapman Stick to record the album's bass parts. The only bass guitar parts on the album occur briefly in "Another Dimension" and the intro to "Biaxident". The latter song takes its name from Biaxin, a medication that guitarist John Petrucci was taking during the recording sessions to combat severe headaches, making a pun on "by accident".

In the middle of the recording sessions, which took place between October and November 1998, Petrucci had to leave the studio when he got word that his pregnant wife had gone into labor. This left the other three band members to carry on recording by themselves. This is how "When the Water Breaks" got its name, as it was the song the band were working on when Petrucci got the news. The song contains a baby sound effect (a "baby soundscape", as described by keyboardist Jordan Rudess) at 12:48 to mark the particular section the band had been writing upon Petrucci's departure.

In Petrucci's absence Levin, Rudess and drummer Mike Portnoy recorded dozens of completely improvised jams, many of which would eventually be released on the 2007 album Spontaneous Combustion under the group name Liquid Trio Experiment. As such, "914" is the only song on the album which did not feature Petrucci. Portnoy alluded to the jams in the liner notes, stating that "if you dig this, there is A LOT more where it came from..."

When Petrucci returned to the studio in November, he wrote and recorded guitar parts for two of these improvisations: "Chewbacca" and "Liquid Dreams". For "Chewbacca" in particular, he took the time to learn several of Rudess's improvised melodies and doubled them on guitar, which in Portnoy's words "(gave) the illusion of written composition".

"Hourglass" is a duet between Petrucci and Rudess in the style of "State of Grace" from the band's first album. According to Petrucci it was written and recorded "in the wee hours with old strings".

"Acid Rain", the album's opening track, was the last song to be written and recorded by the whole band. For this song Petrucci used a seven-string guitar. A heavily shortened live version later appeared on Dream Theater's 2001 album Live Scenes from New York. In this version the bass part is played by John Myung of Dream Theater on a six-string bass.

Personnel

 * John Petrucci – guitar, producer
 * Tony Levin – Chapman Stick, bass guitar, producer
 * Jordan Rudess – keyboard, producer
 * Mike Portnoy – drums, percussion, producer
 * Chris Cubeta – engineering
 * Pat Thrall – engineering
 * Spyros Poulos – engineering
 * Kosaku Nakamura – engineering
 * Kevin Shirley – mixing
 * Rich Alvy – mixing assistance
 * Leon Zervos – mastering

title: Liquid Tension Experiment 2


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Southern Australia

The term Southern Australia is generally considered to refer to the states and territories of Australia of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and South Australia. The part of Western Australia south of latitude 26° south — a definition widely used in law and state government policy — is also usually included.

Although it comprises about half of the total area of Australia, Southern Australia includes about three-quarters of the Australian population, the main agricultural areas and the main industrial centres. The area is also notable for its primarily temperate, mediterranean, alpine or arid environmental and climatic conditions which contrasts to the mainly tropical climate of Northern Australia.

Southern Australia has long suffered extreme weather events due to the arid landscape, however in recent times these conditions have been exacerbated due to climate change.

The region has several key industries which contribute to the high gross product and large value of exports. Southern Western Australia largely focuses on mining as a key export, whilst the states of Victoria and New South Wales focus on traditional sectors such as manufacturing, tourism, and finance. Tasmania and South Australia are regional economies, primarily concentrated on manufacturing.
 * Northern Australia
 * Eastern states of Australia
 * Western Australia

Economy
Southern Australia is the richest part of Australia, home to a diversified economy with an expansive variety of exports including minerals, wine, dairy, livestock, education, and tourism. Across the region, there is sustainable employment, with all state's unemployment rates being below 8%.

Economists have suggested that Australia moves at two different speeds, with some states focusing on traditional sectors such as manufacturing, finance and tourism, and others emphasising mining industries. NSW and Victoria are seen as traditional economies, primarily focusing on said "traditional" industries, whilst South Western Australia emphasises mining. Regional economies such as Tasmania and South Australia prioritise manufacturing, closing them off to advancing in faster growing industries.

Attributable to the region's rich mineral soils, states such as Southern Western Australia and South Australia emphasise exports such as petroleum, iron ore and other minerals. Such commodities account for 36% of Western Australia's gross state product, employing approximately 124,000 people state-wide. South Australia is also home to rich agricultural soil creating a booming trade of fresh produce, seafood, and wine. South Australia's wine industry accounts for 17.2% of overseas exports, also stimulating fortuitous flow on tourism.

Such fertile soils transpire across the region, whereby Victoria exports 80% of Australia's produced dairy. The state encompasses just 3% of Australian land yet produces 22% of the nation's GDP. Whilst Western Australia and Queensland have experienced high growth due to the mining resource boom, NSW has recorded dwindling economic growth, measuring lower Gross State Product (GSP) than national GDP since 2001. Nonetheless, NSW's main economic activities include the exporting of minerals such as coal, copper and concentrates, livestock, cropping and horticulture. NSW's number one export market is Asia grossing $3,068m annually, followed by the Americas and Europe.

Contrastingly, the ACT has experienced major growth of approximately 13% over the past 3 years. This is namely due to the prominent tertiary education sector and subsequent increase in popularity among students.

Home to outstanding beauty, Tasmania's strongest industry is unsurprisingly tourism. Isolated from mainland Australia, the government invests in numerous infrastructure projects to strengthen Tasmania's economy.

Climate and geography
Comparative to Northern Australia's typical tropical climate, Southern Australia is home to a variety of climates including alpine, temperate, Mediterranean, and arid. Generally speaking, southern Australia experiences hot, dry summers followed by wet winters. Due to the arid nature of the land and intense heat, the region is prone to regular bushfires throughout the summer months. In addition, these fires have been exacerbated by the south-eastern 13-year drought from 1997 to 2009. However, these natural occurrences have been greatly aggravated due to climate change.

The southern coastline is subject to dramatic temperature changes over the summer months where temperatures regularly reach 45°C. Contrastingly, moving inland, the land converts to desert landscapes interrupted by fertile soils, home to renowned wine regions such as the Barossa Valley and Margaret River.

The Great Dividing Range runs north to south along Australia's east coast bringing the high elevations of it cold weather, whilst the easterly side receives the most rain and the west plains suffer the heat. Despite the overarching hot environment of southern Australia, regions of NSW, Victoria, and Tasmania experience winter snowfall, creating several ski resorts.

Majority of southern Australia is uninhabited due to its arid nature, with populations concentrating in the cities of Sydney, Canberra, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Perth. Of Australia's 9 main cities in Australia, southern Australia is home to 7 of them, making the region the most populated area of Australia.

Climate change
Southern Australia is experiencing rapid population growth and density, and when paired with increasing weather extremes presents a consequential concern for life and property. Rising temperatures have led to an increased risk of health issues such as heart-related mortality, infectious diseases, and pollen allergies. The effect of large-scale extreme events such as prolonged heat waves not only impacts human activities but mortality rates; this presenting critical reasons to address climate change.

Whilst Australian rainfall has always been variable and influenced by weather patterns such as La Ninã and El Niño, there are underlying trends that implicate global warming as the cause of drier winter seasons across south-eastern and south-western Australia. Since 1970, the region has experienced 20% less rainfall than in the period of 1900–1969, and now since 1999 that has increased to 26% less rainfall. Although southern Australia has experienced declining rainfall in the colder months of April to October, the northern counterpart has seen increasing rainfall since the 1970s. The prevalence of flash flooding is set to continue to intensify, brought by a 7% increase in short-duration extreme rainfall events. An increase in the simultaneous occurrence of two or more extreme events, known as compound extreme events, has largely impacted Southern Australia's agricultural industry. In each year of dry conditions and synchronous heatwaves, a typical cropping farm will experience a substantial loss of approximately $125,000 whilst in a regular year profit exceeds $230,000. Simultaneously, drought years lead to reduction of livestock herd sizes as we see lower birth rates alongside discretionary forfeiture of dairy cows to the beef trade.

Climate change and bushfires
In the past decade, southern Australia has experienced a surge in sweltering summers, coupled with low rainfall leading to a longer and more devastating bushfire season. Scientists have stated that the increased regularity and intensity of these conditions is a direct cause of climate change, including increasing temperatures. The region is experiencing an increase in yearly fire days, decreased annual rainfall, increases in mean sea level pressure, and tropical cyclones.

2019-2020 summer bushfires
Whilst climate change is not the sole contributor to Australia's devastating fire experience, since the 1950s, it has caused an increase in their occurrence and intensity. Such effects have been seen in the 2019-2020 bushfires which ravished mainly NSW and Victoria but additionally South Australia and Southern Western Australia. 2019 was the driest and hottest year on record, with the annual average temperature increase measuring at 1.52°C. Australia covers 134 million hectares and as at February 18 2020, more than 19 million hectares of land was burned. 33 people died, including the death of 3 US firefighters whose Air Tanker crashed whilst battling a bushfire in NSW. Approximately 48% of South Australia's Kangaroo Island land was burned.

WWF commissioned scientists estimate that nearly three billion animals were killed or displaced by the 2019-2020 fires, not including insects. Across NSW, up to 81% of Koala land was burned, and a parliamentary inquiry found that without urgent government intervention and protection, the koala will become extinct in NSW by 2050.

Not only do bushfires destroy Australian flora and fauna, the NSW independent commission into the 2019-2020 "black summer" bushfires found that over 400 Australians died prematurely as a result of smoke inhalation. Evidence has shown that sustained poor air quality increases the risk of respiratory illnesses, some cancers, and heart disease. Indigenous Australians are more susceptible to the health detriments of bushfire smoke due to the demographic prevalence of chronic health conditions. The report implicated the role of climate change and outlined the imperative necessity to address climate change as the proponent for increased bushfire risk."'Countries that clearly have so much to lose from bushfires and other climate change damage and so much to gain from a more rapid transition to a renewable energy economy – must do more. Countries like Australia, and within them leading states like NSW' – Gwen and David Jagger."Temporary bushfire relief is expected over the 2020-2021 summer season as the region enters into a La Ninã climate pattern.

Other major bushfires
Other major bushfires within the southern region include 2009’s Victorian Black Saturday where over 2,000 homes were destroyed, and 173 people died. Additionally, 2003’s Victorian and Canberran Alpine bushfires claimed the lives of 10,000 livestock animals and 1.2 million hectares of land.

British nuclear testing
In the 1950s and 60s Britain deployed numerous nuclear tests in Australia, namely the South Australian Maralinga and Emu Field tests. The Maralinga sites were chosen due to their "vast, empty useless spaces" despite the area being Indigenous Australian Anangu Pitjantjatjara land. Meagre Indigenous citizen rights, coupled with rampant racial discrimination led to the Indigenous' prolonged emotional, physical, and mental suffering after having limited access to resources for over 30 years. The British government delegated one single officer the task of covering hundreds of thousands of square kilometres, resulting in radiation exposure to oblivious Indigenous inhabitants. Whilst inconclusive, approximately 30% of British and Australian servicemen who worked in the area have died of cancer. As a result of Britain's filtering of information to the Australian government, complacent ignorance regarding the tests safety caused environmental and health problems for local Emu Field's Yanykunytjatjara people. An incident known as "Black Mist" caused significant health problems and several deaths for Indigenous locals. This was denied by the British for 29 years, and only following the Royal Commission, did they admit knowledge of the detriments it caused.

A Maralinga clean-up program, Operation Brumby, would relinquish any British responsibility once the area was deemed safe. The British reported the area safe, until 8 years later, the Liberal-National government questioned the report's authenticity. Britain's declaration that any radioactive contaminants were "irrecoverable" were found to be falsified and Britain were ordered to repatriate half a kilogram of remaining contaminants. Following these fabrications, the Australian government widely rejected Britain's reports, forming their own views and research, leading to a greater recognition of the damage to the Indigenous locals and environment.

Moving forward
Following a 1985 Royal Commission into the events, numerous findings were outlined, implicating Britain as failing to provide sufficient recovery efforts alongside Australia's petty compliance. In December 1993, after multiple attempts by the Australian government to recover payment, Britain paid 20 million euros, despite the clean-up and compensation costing in excess of $110 million AUD. The Maralinga site was only returned to its traditional owners in November 2009. Whilst Maralinga is declared safe now, it takes to a ghost town, with only 4 people permanently living in the region. One of the radioactive contaminants, Plutonium-239 has a radioactive half-life of 24,000 years, meaning that whilst recovery efforts have proved effective, for a long time coming, the area will still suffer from stigma and caution surrounding the traces of material in soil. However at Emu Field, the test trials only contained materials with short half-lives, leaving the area unexposed to long-term contamination.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Southern Australia


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Yeo Hiap Seng

Yeo Hiap Seng Limited (, Commonly known as Yeo's) is a Singaporean beverage company. It operates as an investment holding company as well as a drink manufacturer in Singapore and Malaysia. It is a multinational corporation that has offices and market presence in the US, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Maldives, Mauritius, Mongolia, Pacific Islands, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. Some of its house brands (See Below) include H-Two-O, Yeo's Asian Beverages, Justea, and Pink Dolphin.

YHS majority shareholder is Ng Teng Fong's Far East Organization, which also develops houses and condominiums. The company also has operations in over 60 countries which includes Thailand, China, Singapore, Malaysia, United States and franchises in Indonesia and Mauritius.

Establishment
The company's history dates back to 1900. Founded by Yeo Keng Lian, a native of Fujian, China, who began his business career by making soy sauce in Zhangzhou with the Yeo Hiap Seng Sauce Factory  in 1901. Then he immigrated to Singapore in the 1930s, where he re-established the Yeo Hiap Seng Sauce Factory in 1938. Yeo died in Singapore in 1960.

The name Yeo Hiap Seng is of Christian origin, with Hiap Seng meaning unity of Christ as Yeo was Presbyterian.

Corporate
Although founded in 1938, the company was incorporated in Singapore on 20 December 1955 as Yeo Hiap Seng Canning and Sauce Factory Private Limited and was listed on 7 November 1968 and renamed to its present shorter name.

The 1950s saw the company can curry chicken, pioneer the bottling of soy milk, and package Asian drinks in Tetra Brik aseptic containers using the Ultra-high temperature processing system.

1990s and beyond
In June 1995, Robert Ng took over as chairman of Yeo Hiap Seng (YHS). His chairmanship came at the same time as his family increased its stake in the company to 24.9%, just short of the 25% threshold above which they would be required by law to make an offer to buy out all other shareholders. This marked a step forward in his fight with Malaysian billionaire investor Quek Leng Chan for control of YHS and its land holdings in Singapore's Bukit Timah district, which could be worth billions of dollars were they redeveloped into residential real estate. In the end, Ng and his father were able to successfully take advantage of squabbles within the Yeo family to buy up 86% of YHS' stock. Their battle to gain control of the company was later described as "one of the most colourful take-over struggles in Singapore's history" and led to YHS' transformation from a food company to a luxury real estate developer.

title: Yeo Hiap Seng


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Betty Hinton

Betty Zane Hinton (born February 22, 1950) is a Canadian politician, previously representing the constituency of Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo in the federal parliament.

Born in Trail, British Columbia, Hinton has served as mayor of Logan Lake, British Columbia, and as an alderman and school trustee in Kamloops, British Columbia.

In the 2000 Canadian federal election, she was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as the Canadian Alliance candidate in the riding of Kamloops, Thompson and Highland Valleys. She was re-elected as the Conservative Party of Canada candidate in the riding of Kamloops—Thompson in the 2004 Canadian federal election. A businesswoman, she has served as the Assistant Deputy Chair of Committees of the Whole, as well as the Opposition Critic of Multiculturalism, the Status of Women, Public Health, and as Critic of Veterans Affairs. She was also the Vice-Chair of the Subcommittee on Veterans Affairs of the Standing Committee on National Defence and Veterans Affairs.

Re-elected in the 2006 Canadian federal election, she was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Veterans Affairs in the 39th Parliament. Hinton assisted the introduction of the Veterans' Bill of Rights. Hinton did not seek re-election in 2008; fellow Conservative Cathy McLeod succeeded her.

title: Betty Hinton


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Guy (sailing)

A guy (probably from Dutch gei, "brail") is a line (rope) attached to and intended to control the end of a spar on a sailboat. On a modern sloop-rigged sailboat with a symmetric spinnaker, the spinnaker pole is the spar most commonly controlled by one or more guys.

Types
There are two primary types of guys used to control a spinnaker pole:

 * The afterguy, working guy, or simply guy and sometimes known as a brace is attached to the windward clew of the spinnaker, and runs through the jaws on the outboard end of the pole and back to the cockpit. The afterguy is used to rotate the outboard end of the pole around the mast in order to optimize the sail's effectiveness, depending on the direction of the wind.  Because a spinnaker has two clews, there is always a second line identical to the afterguy attached to the leeward clew of the spinnaker. This is called the sheet and serves a slightly different function.  When the boat jibes, the spinnaker pole will be moved from one side of the boat to the other, causing the sheet to become the guy and vice versa.
 * A foreguy may also be used to control the height of the spinnaker pole. It is attached either to the end of the pole or to a bridle on the bottom of the pole, and runs through a padeye on the foredeck rather than directly aft to the cockpit. The foreguy is used to keep the end of the pole from lifting up under heavy wind. In addition, it can be used to change the shape of the spinnaker slightly to make the sail more efficient. The foreguy may be referred to as a downhaul if it is attached to a bridle at the pole's midpoint, but this term is used for other parts of a boat's rigging as well.

title: Guy (sailing)


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Joe Public F.C.

Joe Public Football Club was a football club from Trinidad and Tobago that used to play in the TT Pro League. Nicknamed the Eastern Lions, it was owned by former FIFA vice-president Jack Warner.

History
Following the disappointment in 1996 of the Trinidad national team, which saw the country fail to qualify for World Cup 1998, Austin "Jack" Warner proposed that creating a league to produce home grown players would function as the building blocks to qualify for the next World Cup in Japan and South Korea. Thus, the need for a professional league and the ability for clubs to operate as business entities, the Joe Public Football Club was formed.

After entering and winning the Eastern Football Association's Competitions in 1996, Joe Public qualified for and won the Trinidad and Tobago Football Association's Champion of Champions Tournament. This allowed the club entry into the Semi-Professional Football League (SPFL) after only one season in existence. During the beginning years of the club's existence, Joe Public had established an operative football office with paid staff and employed several players from countries throughout the Caribbean, Nicaragua, Mexico and Brazil.

The club finished second in their first season of the SPFL in 1997, and in 1998 they won the Champions' League Tournament, the Craven A SPFL League title, and the CFU Caribbean Club Championship.

However, in 2004, Joe Public withdrew from the Professional Football League to play in the National Super League, Trinidad and Tobago's second division, but returned after two years for the 2006 season, in which they clinched the league championship title.

In November 2007, as a result going undefeated through the group stage of the CFU Club Championship 2007, Joe Public advanced to the knockout rounds after decisive wins over Sagicor South East United from Dominica 5–0, and SV Racing Club Aruba 7–0. In the quarterfinals they defeated Bassa F.C. from Antigua and Barbuda 4–0 and then in the semifinals, Joe Public upended the Puerto Rico Islanders 1–0 to advance to the final. On 16 November, Joe Public fell to Harbour View of Jamaica 1–2 to finish runner-up. However, due to the reorganized CONCACAF Champions' Cup into the CONCACAF Champions League, Joe Public qualified for the Champions League in August 2008.

2008–09 CONCACAF Champions League
On 26 August 2008, Joe Public faced the New England Revolution, from the United States in the first leg of the preliminary round in the CONCACAF Champions League 2008–09. The Eastern Lions defeated New England Revolution 2–1 in front of a crowd of 2,100 at the Marvin Lee Stadium. Then, on the return leg before 3,523 spectators in Foxborough, Massachusetts, Public used a hat trick from Gregory Richardson in routing New England Revolution 4–0 in Gillette Stadium to advance to the group stage on a 6–1 aggregate score. With the result, Joe Public became the first Caribbean club to defeat a team from the United States in a CONCACAF club competition. In addition, Public were also the first to score as many as three goals against a club from the United States.

In the group stage, Joe Public were drawn with Atlante, Olimpia, and Montreal Impact. On 17 September 2008, Joe Public did not start the group stage on a positive note, falling 2–0 to Montreal Impact in Montreal. The Eastern Lions home opener for the CONCACAF Champions League did not go well either, as Joe Public lost 3–1 to C.D. Olimpia in the Marvin Lee Stadium giving the club no points from its first two games in the group stage. However, in their third game, Joe Public traveled to Cancun, Mexico and defeated Atlante 1–0. On 8 October, Joe Public lost another game in the group stage. This time they fell to Montreal Impact again 4–1, slashing the chances of Joe Public advancing beyond the group stage. With the loss to Atlante 2–0 in Cancún, Mexico on 21 October, Public was officially eliminated from the CONCACAF Champions League 2008–09. Finally, to finish the group stage, Public travelled to Tegucigalpa, Honduras to face Olimpia. They lost the match 4–0 to end their run in the CONCACAF Champions League with a record of 3–0–5 in the competition, with a disappointing 1–0–5 record in the group stage to finish at the bottom of their group.

Only two days after a loss to Montreal Impact in the CONCACAF Champions League, Joe Public needed a goal from Gregory Richardson in the 47th minute to defeat San Juan Jabloteh 1–0. With the win Joe Public advanced to the final of the First Citizens Cup. However, in the final, W Connection won a thrilling match, which saw Joe Public level the score 2–2 in the second half following a goal from Keyeno Thomas. But Public eventually lost the game on penalty kicks 6–5.

Closure
In 2011, Joe Public withdrew from TT Pro League due to issues arising from owner Jack Warner In 2014, the club withdrew from Super League due to financial reasons.

Stadium

 * Marvin Lee Stadium (1996–)

Joe Public plays their home games at the Marvin Lee Stadium located at the Dr. João Havelange Centre of Excellence in Tunapuna. The stadium serves as a multi-use stadium which has a capacity of approximately 6,000. The stadium was named after the national U-20 football captain, a standout defender at the time, who sustained head and neck injuries suffered in a collision with Landon Donovan in an U-20 game against the United States. He was left paralysed after the incident and died of illness as a result of his weakened state. Lee was later recognised by the Trinidad and Tobago government for his service to the nation and is remembered as a strong-willed individual who refused to let his injuries get the better of him.

In 2005, CONCACAF and CFU president Jack Warner proposed that Marvin Lee Stadium install an artificial playing surface, citing that it would bring more credibility for the region. Two years later, through a developmental grant from FIFA, Joe Public became the first Caribbean club to install an artificial playing surface, reportedly costing in excess of TT$8 million (US$600,000). The first game played on the newly installed playing surface, Joe Public faced Caledonia AIA in a TT Professional Football League match, which saw Caledonia AIA win a hard fought game 1–0 over the Eastern Lions.

Team management

 * Head Coach: Derek King
 * Asst Coach: Ralph Nelson
 * Asst Coach: Richard Mitchell
 * Team Manager: Roland Sampath
 * Trainer: David Prince
 * Physiotherapist: David Cumberbatch
 * Physiotherapist: Adisa Davis
 * Equipment Manager: Michael Williams

Honours
Domestic
 * TT Pro League: 3
 * 1998, 2006, 2009
 * FA Trophy: 3
 * 2001, 2007, 2009
 * Runner-up (2): 1999, 2000
 * First Citizens Cup: 0
 * Runner-up (2): 2008, 2009
 * TOYOTA Classic: 1
 * 2007, 2009
 * Runner-up (1): 2005
 * Digicel Pro Bowl: 1
 * 2009

Invitational
 * Kashif & Shanghai Knockout Tournament: 1
 * 2007

International
 * CFU Club Championship: 2
 * 1998, 2000
 * Runner-up (2): 2007, 2010

Year-by-year
†''Joe Public voluntarily spent the 2004 and 2005 seasons in the National Super League. The Eastern Lions won the National Super League title in both years.''

Continental record

 * 1998 CFU Club Championship
 * Quarter-Finals v. Notre Dame – 4:0
 * Semi-Finals v. 🇯🇲 Waterhouse – 3:1
 * Final v. Caledonia AIA Fire – 1:0

 * 1998 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
 * Quarter-Finals v. 🇺🇸 D.C. United – 0:8

 * 1999 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
 * Quarter-Finals v. 🇺🇸 Chicago Fire – 0:2

 * 2000 CFU Club Championship
 * Group Stage v. 🇩🇲 Guinness Harlem Bombers – 2:0
 * Group Stage v. 🇸🇷 SV Robinhood – 5:0
 * Group Stage v. RKV FC Sithoc – 7:0
 * Championship Group v. Carioca – 1:1
 * Championship Group v. 🇯🇲 Harbour View – 1:1
 * Championship Group v. W Connection – 1:0

 * 2000 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
 * Quarter-Finals v. 🇲🇽 Pachuca – 0:1

 * Copa Finta Internacional (in Brazil)
 * Third place

 * 2007 CFU Club Championship
 * Group Stage v. 🇩🇲 Sagicor South East United – 5:0
 * Group Stage v. SV Racing Club Aruba – 7:0
 * Quarter-Finals v. 🇦🇬 Bassa – 4:0
 * Semi-Finals v. Puerto Rico Islanders – 1:0
 * Final v. 🇯🇲 Harbour View – 1:2

 * 2008–09 CONCACAF Champions League
 * Preliminary Round v. 🇺🇸 New England Revolution – 2:1, 4:0 (Joe Public F.C. advances 6:1 on aggregate)
 * Group Stage v. 🇨🇦 Montreal Impact – 0:2, 1:4
 * Group Stage v. Olimpia – 1:3, 0:4
 * Group Stage v. 🇲🇽 Atlante – 1:0, 0:2

 * 2010 CFU Club Championship
 * First Round v. 🇸🇷 SV Leo Victor – 4:3
 * First Round v. Avenues United – 6:0
 * First Round v. Devonshire Cougars – 8:2
 * Second Round v. 🇸🇷 Walking Boys – 5:0
 * Second Round v. Systems 3 – 3:1
 * Final Round v. San Juan Jabloteh – 1:0
 * Final Round v. Puerto Rico Islanders – 1:1
 * Final Round v. Bayamón – 1:3

 * 2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League
 * Preliminary Round v. Brujas – 2:2, 4:2 (Joe Public F.C. advances 6:4 on aggregate)
 * Group Stage v. Municipal – 2:3, 1:1
 * Group Stage v. 🇲🇽 Santos – 2:5, 1:5
 * Group Stage v. 🇺🇸 Columbus Crew – 1:4, 0:3

title: Joe Public F.C.


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Al Arbour

Alger Joseph Arbour (November 1, 1932 – August 28, 2015) was a Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and executive. He is third to Joel Quenneville for games coached in National Hockey League history and fifth all-time in wins, behind Scotty Bowman, Joel Quenneville, Ken Hitchcock and Barry Trotz. Under Arbour, the New York Islanders won four consecutive Stanley Cups from 1980 to 1983. Born in Sudbury, Ontario, Arbour played amateur hockey as a defenceman with the Windsor Spitfires of the Ontario Hockey League. He played his first professional games with the Detroit Red Wings in 1953. Claimed by the Chicago Black Hawks in 1958, Arbour would help the team win a championship in 1961. Arbour played with the Toronto Maple Leafs for the next five years, winning another Cup in 1962. He was selected by the St. Louis Blues in their 1967 expansion draft and played his final four seasons with the team.

During his last year with the Blues, Arbour was hired mid-season to coach the team. In 107 games, he led them to a 42–40–25 record, but only one playoff series win. After a woeful expansion season in 1972-73 in which the New York Islanders were coached by Phil Goyette and Earl Ingarfield, the club hired Arbour as its new coach in 1973. Arbour led the team to a winning record every season from 1974–75 until he stepped down in 1985–86. Arbour won nineteen consecutive playoff series, which remains an NHL and North American sports record. He was awarded the Jack Adams Award as the league's top coach in 1979. Upon retiring from the bench, Arbour was named vice-president of player development for the Islanders. He returned to coach the Islanders in the 1988–89 season and remained there through 1993-94, notably upsetting the two-time defending champion Pittsburgh Penguins in the 1993 playoffs. He was awarded the Lester Patrick Trophy for his contributions to the sport and was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1996.

Playing career
Arbour started his playing career in 1954 with the Detroit Red Wings. He later skated for the Chicago Black Hawks, Toronto Maple Leafs, and St. Louis Blues. Arbour won the Stanley Cup as a player with the 1960–61 Chicago Black Hawks and the 1961–62 and 1963–64 Toronto Maple Leafs. Arbour, along with teammate Ed Litzenberger, is one of eleven players to win consecutive Stanley Cups with two different teams. He is one of only 11 players in Stanley Cup history to win the Cup with three or more different teams. Arbour was also the first captain of the expansion St. Louis Blues, and played for them when they lost in Cup finals in 1968, 1969, 1970 (all in four consecutive games). One of the few professional athletes to wear eyeglasses when competing, Arbour was the last NHL player to wear them on the ice. Arbour was also known for laying down in front of the goaltender to block shots on goal with his body.

Coaching career
Arbour began his coaching career with the Iowa Hawkeyes hockey team in 1967 and at the time led them in his first year to their best record at .500 then he went to the NHL in St. Louis in 1970, taking over as coach after playing for the Blues for parts of four seasons. Following two additional seasons with St. Louis, he was recruited by GM Bill Torrey to take over a young New York Islanders team that had set a then-NHL record for futility by winning only 12 games in their inaugural season, 1972–73.

New York Islanders (1973–1986)
In his first season as Isles' coach, Arbour's team finished last in the league for the second year in a row, but gave up 100 fewer goals and earned 56 points, up from 30 the year before. New York Rangers defenceman Brad Park said after the Islanders beat their crosstown rivals for the first time, "They have a system. They look like a hockey team."

The 1974–75 Islanders finished third in their division with 88 points, which qualified them for the playoffs for the first time in franchise history. They defeated the Rangers in overtime of the deciding third game of their first-round series. In the next round, the Isles found themselves down three games to none in a best of seven quarter-final series against the Pittsburgh Penguins. The Islanders rebounded with three straight victories to tie the series, then prevailed in Game 7 by a score of 1–0. It was only the second time in major sports history, and the first since 1942, that a team won a series after trailing 3–0. The Islanders then faced the Philadelphia Flyers in the next round, again fell behind 3–0, and once again tied the series, although the Flyers prevailed in Game 7 and went on to win their second consecutive Stanley Cup.

Despite achieving great regular season success, culminating in the 1978–79 campaign in which they finished with the best record in the NHL, the Islanders suffered a series of letdowns in the playoffs. In both 1976 and 1977, they lost in the semi-finals to the eventual champion Montreal Canadiens, and then suffered an upset loss to the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1978 quarter-finals, on a game-winning goal by Lanny McDonald in overtime of Game 7. Then, in 1979, the rival Rangers defeated Arbour's Islanders in the semi-finals 4–2. Arbour won the Jack Adams Award for the team's stellar regular season.

During the 1979–80 season, the Islanders struggled. However, following the acquisition of Butch Goring in March, the Islanders completed the regular season with a 12-game unbeaten streak. The regular season run carried over to the playoffs and the Islanders captured their first Stanley Cup championship on May 24, 1980, by defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in overtime of Game 6.

Arbour and the Islanders went on to capture 3 more Cups in a row, a record for an American hockey club. Along the way, they set records for consecutive regular season victories, consecutive Finals victories, and playoff series victories. By the time the Islanders were dethroned by the Edmonton Oilers in the 1984 Stanley Cup Finals, they had strung together 19 straight playoff series victories, a professional sports record. No team in any of the four major sports has strung together four consecutive championships since. The closest a team in any of the major four North American professional sports has come was when the New York Yankees (MLB), who were one out away from their fourth consecutive World Series championship, fell in the seventh game of the series to the Arizona Diamondbacks in 2001.

Arbour retired from coaching following the 1985–86 season and accepted a position in the Islanders front office as vice-president of player development.

Return to coaching (1988–1994)
Following a disappointing start to the 1988–89 season, Torrey fired Terry Simpson, and Arbour returned to the bench. Most of the veterans of the dynasty had since left the team, and the Islanders missed the playoffs for the first time in 14 years. Arbour had one more run deep into the playoffs in 1992–93, where he led the Islanders past the two-time defending champion Pittsburgh Penguins and to the Prince of Wales Conference Finals. Islanders star Pierre Turgeon, who was seriously injured after Dale Hunter hit him from behind in the previous round, missed all but a few shifts of the second-round series against Pittsburgh. The Mario Lemieux-led Penguins had finished first in the regular season. Arbour's Islanders defeated Pittsburgh in overtime of the seventh game of the series. In the semifinals, the Islanders lost to the eventual champion Montreal Canadiens.

Arbour retired after the 1993–94 season, having led the Islanders to a second playoff berth where they were swept in the first round by the Presidents' Trophy-winning New York Rangers, who went on to capture the Stanley Cup. At that time Arbour had won 739 games as an Islander coach, and a banner with that number was raised to the rafters at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum on January 25, 1997.

Retirement
On November 3, 2007, Arbour returned, at the request of Islanders coach Ted Nolan, to coach his 1,500th game for the Islanders. The Islanders beat the Pittsburgh Penguins 3–2, giving Arbour his 740th win. The 739-win banner was brought down, and replaced with one with the number 1500, representing the total number of games coached. He is the only coach in NHL history to coach 1,500 games for the same team.

Arbour and his wife, Claire, lived in Longboat Key, Florida, and maintained a summer cottage in Sudbury. The couple had four children together. In 2015, he underwent treatment for Parkinson's disease and dementia in Sarasota, Florida, eventually entering hospice care. Arbour died on August 28, 2015, in Sarasota, Florida, aged 82. Al's wife Claire died February 23, 2024 in Florida.

Legacy

 * Arbour is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame, New York Islanders Hall of Fame, and Nassau County Sports Hall of Fame.
 * Jack Adams Award as coach in 1979
 * Stanley Cup Champion as a player in 1954 (Detroit), 1961 (Chicago), 1962, 1964 (Toronto)
 * Stanley Cup Champion as coach in 1980–1983 (head coach for the New York Islanders)
 * Calder Cup Champion in 1965, 1966 (with Rochester Americans)

title: Al Arbour


text: User talk:72.25.94.14

title: User talk:72.25.94.14


text:
Best 1991–2004

Best 1991–2004 is a 2004 compilation album by Seal, released by Warner Bros. Records. Several different versions of this album were released: one as a single disc containing Seal's greatest hits; a second (titled The Ultimate Collection) with an additional disc of 13 acoustic versions of Seal's greatest hits; a third which included a DVD-Audio disc plus the two The Ultimate Collection discs; a fourth with surround sound mixes of both The Ultimate Collection discs and a collection of music videos as well as the DVD-Audio disc; a fifth, available only for France, containing the single disc of hits along with the track "Les Mots", a duet with French singer Mylène Farmer, as a bonus track.

Track listing
Notes
 * signifies a co-producer
 * signifies an additional producer
 * signifies a vocal producer

title: Best 1991–2004


text:
Neil Armstrong (ice hockey)

David Neil Armstrong (December 20, 1932 – December 6, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey linesman and an Honoured Member of the Hockey Hall of Fame.

Early life
Armstrong was born in Plympton, Ontario. He began playing minor hockey in Galt, Ontario, and was offered a chance to officiate games. Armstrong accepted and later earned his Ontario Hockey Association certification.

Career
Armstrong officiated his first National Hockey League game on November 17, 1957, when he was 24. In the game, which was between the Boston Bruins and Toronto Maple Leafs, the two teams got into a brawl near the end of the game. Armstrong broke up a fight involving Fern Flaman, who later skated up to him with his arm dangling and proclaimed "you broke my arm!". However it turned out that Flaman was only kidding.

During his career, he had only been seriously injured once and had never missed any games, which helped him gain the nickname "ironman". His one major injury came in 1971 when Philadelphia Flyers player Gary Dornhoefer fell along the boards, and knocked Armstrong up against the glass. Dornhoefer's stick cut Armstrong's hand and broke a bone, forcing him to wear a cast for three months. On October 16, 1973, Armstrong was honoured in a ceremony at the Detroit Olympia for officiating his 1,314th game, which broke the previous record set by George Hayes.

In total, Armstrong officiated a total of 1,744 games and retired in 1978. After retiring, he became a scout for the Montreal Canadiens. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame as an official in 1991.

Personal life
Armstrong has two children, daughter Lezleigh and son, Doug Armstrong, who became general manager of the Dallas Stars. Following his tenure with Dallas, Doug became the executive vice president and general manager of the St. Louis Blues and won the Stanley Cup in 2019.

title: Neil Armstrong (ice hockey)


text:
Shaun Hutson

Shaun Hutson (born 1958) is a British novelist in the horror and crime genres. Under his own name and various pen names, he has written at least thirty novels.

Background
A native of Letchworth Garden City in Hertfordshire, England, Hutson now lives and writes in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. According to his own website, Hutson was expelled from school and worked a number of odd jobs from which he was fired, before becoming a professional writer.

Hutson is a die-hard supporter of Liverpool Football Club.

Writer
Hutson began his writing career in the early 1980s with the horror novel The Skull. Although mainly limited to the United Kingdom in terms of publishing, Hutson received exposure in the United States after being profiled by Chas Balun in Fangoria magazine.

Film work
Hutson wrote the UK film novelization of The Terminator, which was published in early 1985. In the new millennium, Hutson returned to film adaptations with a series of novelizations of Hammer Film Productions via Random House UK.

Slugs was the basis for the film of the same title directed by Juan Piquer Simón. A sequel based on Hutson's sequel novel Breeding Ground was announced, but never came into fruition.

Hutson wrote a screenplay for The Figgis Brothers (Jason Figgis & Jonathan Figgis) for their company October Eleven Pictures' feature film titled Box. Shooting was set to commence late Spring 2009. The film apparently remains unproduced.

Works

 * sledgehammer series
 * The Skull (1982)
 * Slugs (1982)
 * Spawn (1983)
 * Erebus (1984)
 * The Terminator (UK novelization - 1984)
 * Shadows (1985)
 * Breeding Ground (1985)
 * Relics (1986)
 * Deathday (New York: Leisure Books, 1986), paperback original published as by Robert Neville, ; 1987 as by Hutson
 * Victims (1987)
 * Assassin (1988)
 * Nemesis (1989)
 * Renegades (1991)
 * Captives (1991)
 * Heathen (1993)
 * Deadhead (1993)
 * White Ghost (1994)
 * Lucy's Child (1995)
 * Stolen Angels (1996)
 * Knife Edge (1997)
 * Purity (1998)
 * Warhol's Prophecy (1999)
 * Exit Wounds (2000)
 * Compulsion (2001)
 * Hybrid (2002)
 * Hell to Pay (2003)
 * Necessary Evil (2004)
 * Twisted Souls (2005)
 * The Bumper Book of Lies (2005)
 * Dying Words (2006)
 * Unmarked Graves (2007)
 * Body Count (2008)
 * Last Rites (2009)
 * Epitaph (2010)
 * Twins of Evil (novelization - 2011)
 * X the Unknown (novelization - 2012)
 * The Revenge of Frankenstein (novelization - 2013)
 * Monolith (2015)
 * Chase (2017)
 * Testament (2019)

title: Shaun Hutson


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shattered Faith

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Ingoolemo  talk  00:48, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)

Shattered Faith
This was listed as a speedy. From the talk page:

''Despite the details, and "quote," googling various combos of "Trevor Mark," "Shattered Faith" and "Shaak" turn up no existence of this supposed novel. Unless the author's name and/or book's name has been seriously mangled, I don't think this novel exists.MakeRocketGoNow 04:04, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)''

-- Scott eiπ  04:58, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 05:46, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete don't trust google book results, however I searched every other db, and got nothing. non-verifable.  <> Who ? ¿ ?  07:39, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Possible keep I swear I've heard of this before. Unless I read it here and that's where the memory comes from.  Yeah, possibly the title/author are wrong.  I will do some checking. --Etacar11 21:51, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Make that Delete, I can't find anything on it or the author either. Weird.  I must be just remembering it from seeing it on Wiki and Wiki mirrors.  (It's mentioned in the Titan article too) --Etacar11 23:51, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Searches of SF sites, book sellers, the web in general find nothing on this guy, even on variants of his name (i.e. Marks instead of Mark).  Searches using the title or some of the content in the article produce zilch.Tobycat 00:19, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Shattered Faith is a song by Bad Religion. A non-Notable B-Side at that. --Irishpunktom\talk 12:08, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
John Ashley (ice hockey)

John George Ashley (March 5, 1930 – January 5, 2008) was a Canadian referee in the National Hockey League.

Early life
Ashley was born in Galt, Ontario, and raised in Preston. He played junior hockey with the Toronto Marlies and Guelph Biltmores. In 1950, he tried out for the Toronto Maple Leafs and played on farm teams in Pittsburgh and Syracuse, New York.

Career
Ashley started his officiating career in 1959. From 1964 to 1972, John officiated every Game Seven in the Stanley Cup playoffs.

During the 1971 Stanley Cup playoffs, Ashley achieved a first for NHL referees by officiating the seventh game of all three series that went the limit: a quarterfinal (Montreal vs. Boston), a semifinal (New York vs. Chicago), and the final (Montreal vs. Chicago).

John was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1981. Ashley was elected to the Cambridge Sports Hall of Fame in 1998.

Personal life
Ashley died in Kitchener, Ontario, on January 5, 2008.

title: John Ashley (ice hockey)


text:
Hutch

Hutch may refer to:

Places

 * Hutch, Kentucky, an unincorporated community located in Bell County, Kentucky, United States
 * Hutchinson, Kansas ("Hutch"), a city in Kansas, United States
 * Hutchinson, Minnesota ("Hutch"), a city in Minnesota, United States
 * Hutchinson River Parkway ("The Hutch"), in Bronx and Westchester Counties, New York State, United States
 * The Hutch or Fred Hutch, that is, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington, United States

People

 * Hutch Dano (born 1992), American actor
 * Hutch Harris, American singer-songwriter for The Thermals
 * Michael Hutchence (1960–1997), vocalist for INXS
 * Ken Hutcherson (born 1952), former National Football League linebacker, pastor of Antioch Bible Church in Kirkland, Washington
 * James Hutchison (American politician) (born c. 1942), American politician
 * James Hutchinson (musician) (born 1953), American bassist
 * Leslie Hutchinson (1900–1969), popular singer of the 1930s known as "Hutch"
 * Shaun Hutchinson (born 1990), Football player in the Scottish Premier League
 * Hutch Jones (born 1959), American former basketball player
 * Hutch Maiava (born 1976), rugby league player
 * Jesse Hutch (born 1981), actor

Fictional characters

 * Kenneth "Hutch" Hutchinson, one of the two main characters in the television series Starsky and Hutch
 * Hutch, the main antagonist in the film Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit
 * Honeybee Hutch, in the anime The Adventures of Hutch the Honeybee and the film Hutch the Honeybee
 * Edward "Hutch" Hutchins Rosemary's friend in the novel and film Rosemary's Baby

Companies

 * Hutch BMX, a bicycle manufacturer
 * Hutch (Sri Lanka), a mobile network in Sri Lanka
 * Hutch Essar, a cellular phone service provider in India, since renamed Vodafone Essar

Other uses

 * Hutch (animal cage), a type of cage utilized primarily for housing domestic rabbits
 * Hutch (furniture), a form of furniture
 * Hutch (synchrotron), a radiation shielding enclosure in a synchrotron radiation beamline
 * The Hutch, a 2013 album by Steak Number Eight
 * Hutch, a trough, used in ore dressing
 * Mine hutch
 * "Hutch", a song by Big Red Machine from the album How Long Do You Think It's Gonna Last?

title: Hutch


text:
User:Dan Simper

Dan Simper (born July 23, 1980) is a graduate student in sociology at Northwestern University. His interests include the cello, chess, and card games.

I am very new to Wikipedia (less than a month) and you will have to forgive me for any mistakes I make.

Please delete my accidental self-page. I thought I was in the User webspace. It's here: Dan Simper

title: User:Dan Simper


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Second Crusade/archive1

Second Crusade
After we worked to make First Crusade a featured article, a lot of work has been done on this one to make it the same quality. Before it goes to FAC it would be nice to have some outside eyes look at it. Adam Bishop 05:00, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This article is comprehensive and very informative indeed. Obviously it should be put into featured articles after First Crusade. Or maybe we can put Crusades as featured article series? Another suggestion is a series of Crusade features, as listed in here. CrossTimer 06:57, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Lead is too short, see Lead and expand. Failure and aftermath sections are rather sort, look like section stubs and can use expantion as well. Otherwise, a good article worthy of FA after the above points area adressed. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 15:56, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I've expanded the lead. The last two sections kind of repeated each other, so I've combined them into one...perhaps more work could still be done there. What do you think? Adam Bishop 18:14, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Lead looks better now. I still think it can use some expantion, as well as the entire article - I always say if it is under 32kb it's too short - but I wouldn't object if I saw it on FAC. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 20:56, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, well I'm not sure what else to add...perhaps if people had specific questions about things, it would be easier to expand those areas. I'll leave it on Peer Review for another couple of days, then add it to FAC if there are no problems. Adam Bishop 06:14, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Good work as usual. One issue is Image:Realoui7.JPG. It claims to be fair use, but I don't see how it meets any of the fair use criteria, especially important is that it has no source listed. Moreover it was uploaded by User:Isis, a fairly notorious copy violator. - SimonP 01:29, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't know...I know I have seen other photos from tombs like that on Wikipedia. The article wouldn't really suffer if it was removed entirely. Adam Bishop 20:33, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:67.150.123.37

title: User talk:67.150.123.37


text: User talk:168.170.197.140

title: User talk:168.170.197.140


text:
Ngawa Town

Ngawa or Aba town ( Burmese: ငါဝမြို့, Standard Tibetan: Ngawa) is the seat of Ngawa (Aba) County, within the Ngawa (Aba) Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in northwestern Sichuan, China. It is located on the Tibetan plateau at an elevation of 3,200 m. The city is about 75 km from Jigdril, 254 km from Barkham (Ma'erkang) and 157 km from Mewa (Hongyuan).

Ngawa (Aba) County has 70,000 inhabitants, about 8,000 of them Tibetan Buddhist monks, and others are Tibetan Buddhist nuns. The city has about 20,000 people. There are 37 monasteries and nunneries in the area, two of the largest in Aba City itself. There are mainly grasslands and forested valleys in the south.

Culture
Aba County is mainly inhabited by Tibetans. The major festivals are:

 * Great Prayer Festival: January 8 to January 15 according to the Tibetan calendar
 * Six-Four Festival: June 11 to June 17 according to the Tibetan calendar
 * Zachong Festival: September 15 to September 17 according to the lunar calendar
 * Horse Race Festival: Middle of July according to the lunar calendar

Monasteries and Nunneries

 * Kirti Gompa, (sometimes referred to as Gerdeng Monastery), properly known as Kirti Kalari Gon Tashi Lhundrub, is a Gelugpa monastery on the northwestern edge of the town. It was founded in 1472 by Rongpa Chenakpa, a disciple of Tsongkhapa, and now houses about 2,500 monks.
 * Nangzhik Gompa and Topgyel are both Bon monasteries are just northeast of the town. There are between 800 and 1000 affiliated monks.
 * Setenling Gompa is a Buddhist monastery of the Jonangpa tradition about a kilometre from the eastern end of the town. It was founded by Namnang Dorje in the 13th-14th centuries, and reconstituted in the late 19th century by Dro-ge Yonten Gyatso. There are about 800 or 1000 affiliated monks.
 * Mani Nunnery
 * Dragkar Nunnery

"'There are many monasteries scattered around the town, and they are all worth visiting.'"

Transport
Aba County is well connected to many provincial towns and cities. Aba is the biggest transport hub within the prefecture. There are long haul buses heading for Aba from Chengdu City, Mianyang City, Songpan County, Ma'er Kang County, Jinchuan County, Wenchuan County, Hongyuan County, Heishui County and Xiangtang County daily.

Attractions

 * Jiuzhaigou Valley - National Park
 * Huanglong Valley - scenic spot very close by
 * Wolong Nature Reserve - China's largest natural habitat for giant pandas
 * Miyaluo - scenic spot
 * Shrine honoring Rapten Tinley.

title: Ngawa Town


text:
User:Great Teacher Onizuka

''This user was blocked by Hadal on 4 June for website promotion, links to shock sites , user page vandalism , and the addition of profanity and intentional factual inaccuracies to mainspace articles. After being blocked, he began trolling anonymously, vandalizing User:Kelly Martin and User:Shanes on 67.150.47.149,  67.150.124.155, and  66.52.49.184.''

See also: User talk:0nizuka the Great, Special:Contributions/0nizuka the Great.

I believe that the rich should enslave and exploit the poor. I have had a terrible life in many ways, and have come to the conclusion that the poor are responsible for all the world's evils. They should all be enslaved and, if they refuse to work, burned for fuel. This is especially inefficient (do you mean efficient, GTO?) since, as most of the lazy poor people are also fat, they are especially rich in energy and will burn for a long time.

My family has disowned me as they consider me an embarrassment.

I believe beastiality and pedophilia should be legal. I don't commit these crimes, but I think they are funny and add to the diversity of human life. To outlaw them because some (usually moralistic middle-class people; easily manipulated) found them offensive is just folly.

Favorite websites
XOXOHTH

title: User:Great Teacher Onizuka


text:
Dale Johnston

F. Dale Johnston (born November 14, 1941, in Ponoka, Alberta) is a former Canadian politician. He began his career in politics in 1986 as a councillor in Ponoka, and he then became reeve in 1989. In 1993 Canadian federal election, he was elected into the House of Commons of Canada. He was elected as a member of the Reform Party of Canada in the riding of Wetaskiwin. He was re-elected in the 1997 Canadian federal election, and in the 2000 Canadian federal election (as a member of the Canadian Alliance) and again in the 2004 Canadian federal election (as a member of the Conservative Party of Canada). A farmer, he served as Chief Opposition Whip and Whip of the Conservative Party from 2002 to 2004 and twice more in 2004. He has also been the Opposition critic to the Minister of Labour and to Parliamentary Affairs. Johnston retired from parliament at its dissolution prior to the 2006 federal election.

Johnston's father, Glen Johnston, served as the member for Ponoka in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1952 to 1967.

title: Dale Johnston


text:
James Harrison

James, Jim, or Jimmy Harrison may refer to:

In art, literature, and music

 * James Harrison (actor) (1891–1986), American film actor
 * Jimmy Harrison (1900–1931), American jazz trombonist
 * James C. Harrison (1925–1990), American artist
 * Jim Harrison (artist and writer) (1936–2016), American artist and writer
 * Jim Harrison (1937–2016), American author
 * James Harrison (author and academic) (born 1974), British academic author and Green Party politician
 * James Harrison (sound editor) (fl. 2020s), British sound editor

In politics

 * James Thomas Harrison (1811–1879), American politician and signatory of the Confederate States Constitution
 * James Harrison (engineer) (1816–1893), Australian newspaper egitor, politician and engineer
 * James Fortescue Harrison (1819–1905), Scottish Member of Parliament 1874–1880
 * James T. Harrison (lieutenant governor) (1848–1928), American lawyer and politician in Mississippi
 * James A. Harrison (1870–1962), Arizona politician
 * J. Henry Harrison (1878–1943), New Jersey state senator
 * James Harrison (British Army officer) (1880–1957), lieutenant Governor of Jersey
 * James Harrison (Labour politician) (1899–1959), British Labour Member of Parliament
 * James T. Harrison (judge) (1903–1982), justice of the Montana Supreme Court
 * Jim Harrison (Australian politician) (1903–1976), Australian Labor politician
 * James Harwood Harrison (1907–1980), British Conservative Member of Parliament
 * James Harrison (Australian governor) (1912–1971), Australian army general, governor of South Australia
 * Jim Harrison (South Carolina politician) (born 1951), South Carolina Republican politician
 * Jim Harrison (Vermont politician), Vermont politician

In sports

 * James Harrison (footballer, born 1914), English football winger
 * Jimmy Harrison (footballer) (1921–2004), English footballer
 * Jim Harrison (cricketer) (born 1941), Irish cricketer
 * Jim Harrison (ice hockey) (born 1947), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Jim Harrison (American football) (born 1948), American football player
 * James Harrison (American football) (born 1978), American football player
 * James Harrison (rugby league) (born 1996), English rugby league player

Other persons

 * James Harrison (priest) (died 1602), English Roman Catholic priest
 * James Harrison (architect) (1814–1866), English architect
 * James E. Harrison (1815–1875), Confederate States Army brigadier general
 * James Harrison (engineer), (1816–1893), Scottish Australian newspaper printer, journalist, politician, and pioneer of mechanical refrigeration
 * James Maurice Harrison (1892–1971), British physician and ornithologist
 * James M. Harrison (1915–1990), Canadian scientist and public servant
 * James Harrison (blood donor) (born 1936), Australian blood donor credited with saving over two million babies

title: James Harrison


text:
Shaft sinking

Shaft mining or shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. Shallow shafts, typically sunk for civil engineering projects, differ greatly in execution method from deep shafts, typically sunk for mining projects.

Shaft sinking is one of the most difficult of all mining development methods: restricted space, gravity, groundwater and specialized procedures make the task quite formidable. Shafts may be sunk by conventional drill and blast or mechanised means.

Historically, mine shaft sinking has been among the most dangerous of all the mining occupations and the preserve of mining contractors called sinkers. Today shaft sinking contractors are concentrated in Canada, Germany, China and South Africa.

The modern shaft sinking industry is gradually shifting further towards greater mechanisation. Recent innovations in the form of full-face shaft boring (akin to a vertical tunnel boring machine) have shown promise but the use of this method is, as of 2019, not widespread.

Mine shafts
Mine shafts are vertical or near-vertical tunnels, which are "sunk" as a means of accessing an underground ore body, during the development of an underground mine.

The shape (in plan view), dimensions and depth of mine shafts vary greatly in response to the specific needs of the mine they are part of and the geology they are sunk through. For example, in North and South America, smaller shafts are designed to be rectangular in plan view with timber supports. Larger shafts are round in plan and are concrete lined.

Mine shafts may be used for a variety of purposes, including as a means of escape in the event of an emergency underground and allowing for the movement of:

 * People
 * Materials
 * Mine services (such as compressed air, water, backfill, power, communications and fuel)
 * Ventilation air
 * Broken rock (in the form of payable ore, or non payable waste)
 * Or any combination of the above

When the top of the excavation is the ground surface, it is referred to as a shaft; when the top of the excavation is underground, it is called a winze or a sub-shaft. Small shafts may be excavated upwards from within an existing mine as long as there is access at the bottom, in which case they are called raises.

A shaft may be either vertical or inclined (between 80 and 90 degrees to the horizontal), although most modern mine shafts are vertical. If access exists at the bottom of the proposed shaft, and ground conditions allow, then raise boring may be used to excavate the shaft from the bottom up; such shafts are called borehole shafts.

Following the Hartley Colliery disaster where the single shaft at the mine became blocked, the United Kingdom made single shaft mines illegal in 1862, establishing the practice that all underground mines must have a "a second means of egress". Many other global mining jurisdictions have adopted this rule and shafts are therefore often found in pairs (although there are multiple alternative methods of providing a second means of egress).

Currently, the deepest continuous single-lift mine shaft in the world is the main shaft at South Deep Mine in South Africa, owned by Gold Fields Limited, which has a depth of 2991 meters. Along with its twin ventilation shafts, it took ten years to sink and equip.

Parts of a mine shaft
The most visible feature of a traditionally-built mine shaft is the headframe (or winding tower, poppet head or pit head) which stands above the shaft. Depending on the type of hoist (or winder) used, the top of the headframe will either house a hoist motor or a sheave wheel (with the hoist motor mounted on the ground). The headframe will also typically contain bins for storing ore being transferred to the processing facility.

At ground level beneath and around the headframe is the Shaft Collar (also called the Bank or Deck), which provides the foundation necessary to support the weight of the headframe and provides a means for workers, materials and services to enter and exit the shaft. Collars are usually massive reinforced concrete structures with more than one level. If the shaft is used for mine ventilation, a plenum space or casing is incorporated into the collar to ensure the proper flow of air into and out of the mine.

Beneath the collar the part of the shaft which continues into the ground is called the shaft barrel.

At locations where the shaft barrel meets horizontal workings there is a shaft station (or inset) which allows men, materials and services to enter and exit the shaft. From the station tunnels (drifts, galleries or levels) extend towards the ore body, sometimes for many kilometers. The lowest shaft station is most often the point where rock leaves the mine levels and is transferred to the shaft, if so a loading pocket is excavated on one side of the shaft at this location to allow transfer facilities to be built.

Beneath the lowest shaft station the shaft continues on for some distance, this area is referred to as the shaft bottom. A tunnel called a ramp typically connects the bottom of the shaft with the rest of the mine, this ramp often contains the mine's water handling facility, called the sump, as water will naturally flow to the lowest point in the mine.

Shaft lining
[[File:Winding_tower_void_schema.svg|thumb|right|Schematic of headframe 1. hoist

2. cable

3. wheel

4. sheer

5. false edge

6. hoistroom

7. mineshaft]] Many (although not all) shafts are lined following excavation and the installation of temporary ground support. The shaft lining performs several functions; it is first and foremost a safety feature preventing loose or unstable rock from falling into the shaft, then a place for shaft sets to bolt into, and lastly a smooth surface to minimise resistance to airflow for ventilation.

Final choice of shaft lining is dependent on the geology of the rock which the shaft passes through, some shafts have several liners sections as required Where shafts are sunk in very competent rock there may be no requirement for lining at all, or just the installation of welded mesh and rock bolts. The material of choice for shaft lining is mass concrete which is poured behind shaft forms in lifts of 6 m as the shaft advances (gets deeper).

Shotcrete, fibrecrete, brick, cast iron tubing, and precast concrete segments have all been used at one time or another. Additionally, the use of materials like bitumen and even squash balls have been required by specific circumstances. In extreme cases, particularly when sinking through halite, composite liners consisting of two or more materials may be required.

The shaft liner does not reach right to the bottom of the shaft during sinking, but lags behind by a fixed distance. This distance is determined by the methodology of excavation and the design thickness of the permanent liner. To ensure the safety of persons working on the shaft bottom temporary ground support is installed, usually consisting of welded mesh and rock bolts. The installation of the temporary ground support (called bolting) is among the most physically challenging parts of the shaft sinking cycle as bolts must be installed using pneumatic powered rock drills.

For this reason, and to minimise the number of persons on the shaft bottom a number of projects have successfully switched to shotcrete for this temporary lining. Research and development in this area is focusing on the robotic application of shotcrete and the commercialisation of thin sprayed polymer liners.

Shaft compartments
Where the shaft is to be used for hoisting it is frequently split into multiple compartments by shaft sets, these may be made of either timber or steel. Vertical members in a shaft set are called guides, horizontal members are called buntons. For steel shaft guides, the main two options are hollow structural sections and top hat sections. Top hat sections offer a number of advantages over hollow structural sections including simpler installation, improved corrosion resistance and increased stiffness. Mine conveyances run on the guides in a similar way to how a steel roller coaster runs on its rails, both having wheels which keep them securely in place.

Some shafts do not use guide beams but instead utilize steel wire rope (called guide rope) kept in tension by massive weights at shaft bottom called cheese weights (because of their resemblance to a truckle or wheel of cheese) as these are easier to maintain and replace.

The largest compartment is typically used for the mine cage, a conveyance used for moving workers and supplies below the surface, which is suspended from the hoist on steel wire rope. It functions in a similar manner to an elevator. Cages may be single-, double-, or rarely triple-deck, always having multiple redundant safety systems in case of unexpected failure.

The second compartment is used for one or more skips, used to hoist ore to the surface. Smaller mining operations use a skip mounted underneath the cage, rather than a separate device, while some large mines have separate shafts for the cage and skips. The third compartment is used for an emergency exit; it may house an auxiliary cage or a system of ladders. An additional compartment houses mine services such as high voltage cables and pipes for transfer of water, compressed air or diesel fuel.

A second reason to divide the shaft is for ventilation. One or more of the compartments discussed above may be used for air intake, while others may be used for exhaust. Where this is the case a steel or concrete wall called a brattice is installed between the two compartments to separate the air flow. At many mines there are one or more complete additional separate auxiliary shafts with separate head gear and cages.

Shaft construction
The lowest point in a sinking shaft is known as the "shaft bottom". Shaft projects differ from some other forms of mine development in that all activities that take place on the shaft bottom become part of the critical path for the project schedule. The infrastructure required to sink a shaft is referred to as "the sinking set-up".

It is typical for progress (the "sinking rate") in the sinking phase (that is excavation, ground support and lining) of a shaft project to follow a learning curve as the project team repeats the same series of activities over and over in what is called "the sinking cycle", eventually approaching the theoretical maximum rate for that sinking set up over time. The use of experienced shaft sinkers is necessary to reduce the length of this learning curve and thus the duration of the project as much as possible.

Key to a successful shaft sinking project are:

 * Getting the various components of the sinking set-up correct and installed at the right time.
 * Having experienced people involved from as early in the project as possible
 * Using the available time on the shaft bottom as efficiently as possible.

Although significant emphasis is placed on the rate of progress of a project sinking cycle by shaft sinkers, sinking is only one of a number of phases in the conventional construction of a new shaft, as follows;

 * Box Cut Excavation. A box cut is a large square or rectangular excavation typically completed using earthmoving equipment down to bedrock, inside which the shaft collar will be constructed. Having the loads imposed by the collar, headframe and hoisting plant transferred into solid rock is necessary to prevent unplanned subsidence. Where the depth of bedrock is too great to for a box cut to be economically viable, or the bedrock is not strong enough, civil engineering techniques such as diaphragm walls or concrete piles may be used to create a deep foundation instead.
 * Pre-Sink. The pre-sink is the excavation and support of the first 60 – 100 metres of the shaft barrel, often completed with smaller equipment such as handheld, pneumatic drilling equipment to drill holes for basting and ground support and mini-excavators for mucking. During the pre-sink, hoisting of muck and equipment is usually performed by a mobile crane on the surface. It is necessary to sink this part of the shaft first so that the Galloway, a multi-level working platform may be installed with enough vertical distance to the shaft bottom that it will not be damaged by fly rock during blasting.
 * Collar Construction. From the bottom of the box cut, the shaft collar is constructed bottom up in a planned series of concrete pours.
 * Galloway (Sinking Stage) Construction & Installation. The Galloway (also known as a Sinking Stage or Scaffold) is a multi-level working platform, suspended in the shaft from winches located on the surface. The Galloway allows sinkers to efficiently work on different levels as required by the various tasks of the sinking cycle. It is typical for the Galloway to be constructed off to one side of the shaft and lowered into the pre-sink with a crane in as complete a state as possible. Once in place, the Galloway is "chaired" (suspended from the shaft collar) while the headframe is built above, often protected by a bulkhead.
 * Headframe & Hoist House Construction. With the collar constructed and the Galloway installed the headframe and hoist (or winder) houses may be constructed and the hoist and winch ropes installed. Headframes may be either steel or concrete and their design will determine how they are constructed. The Galloway is moved in the shaft by means of winches, which move slowly and are rated for significant loads, while the sinking buckets (or kibbles) are moved in the shaft by the sinking hoist, which moves quickly and is rated for less load than the winches. To protect the hoist(s) and winches and the sensitive electronics which are used to control their operation they are normally installed inside a build called a hoist (or winder) house.
 * Commissioning Sinking Set-Up. The Sinking set-up must then be commissioned to ensure that all parts are operating as planned.
 * Full Sink. The activities of the sinking cycle (excavation, installation of temporary ground support, placement of the shaft lining and extending shaft services) all take place in this phase of construction. In a shaft where there are to be multiple working levels, shaft stations and station stubs (short lengths of a horizontal tunnel leading away from the station) will be developed by the sinkers on the way down. As the equipment to excavate these stations must be small enough to fit through the openings in the Galloway, the rate of advance in developing the station stubs is typically low, compared to what can be achieved with full-size mining equipment, so station stubs are typically kept as short as possible.
 * Shaft Equipping & Headframe Changeover. Once the shaft reaches the final design depth, the shaft is stripped of any temporary services, the Galloway cut up or modified to suit the installation of the permanent shaft set-up, the shaft sets (if required) installed and the headframe / winders modified to allow for permanent hoisting. Any permanent conveyances will be installed at this stage.
 * Commissioning Permanent Set Up. The Permanent set-up must then be commissioned to ensure that all parts are operating as planned before being handed over to the new owner.

As with the depth and design of shafts, significant variations may exist in this sequence depending on local conditions. For example, shafts in the Canadian Shield generally do not need a deep and complex shaft collar since the bedrock is both strong and close to the surface. This reduces the amount of time required to establish the shaft collar.

Traditionally, sinking contractors would build a temporary headframe for the sinking set-up, which would then be dismantled to make way for a permanent headframe. With the growth in complexity and duration of shaft sinking projects over time it has become more common to incorporate more of the permanent shaft set-up into the sinking phase. This results in a reduced overall project duration, as for example, if the service piping used to sink the shaft does not need to be stripped out to make way for permanent piping.

With the advancements made in raise boring technology, raise borers have been used to create a pilot hole for shaft sinking, where access exists at the bottom of the new shaft, in this case the sinking phase is dedicated to enlarging this pilot hole to full diameter (a process usually called "slashing"). This methodology can be considerably faster than full face sinking as muck (waste rock) from sinking falls down the pilot hole and is handled using existing mine infrastructure off critical path.

title: Shaft sinking


text:
Lois Jurgens

Lois Germaine Josephine Zerwas Jurgens (August 12, 1925 – May 7, 2013) was an American convicted murderer responsible for one of the most unusual child murder cases in history in Minnesota. She was the adoptive mother of six children in the 1960s and 1970s, and brutally abused them all, killing one of them, 3-year-old Dennis Jurgens, in 1965.

Biography
Jurgens was one of 16 children. Her brother, Jerome Zerwas, was the police lieutenant of the town of White Bear Lake, Minnesota, where she lived at the time. There was testimony from other officers that he impeded the investigation into the child's death. No prosecution was taken at that time.

Case details
In the early 1980s, Dennis' birth mother, Jerry Sherwood, looked for Dennis, only to find out he had died in 1965. After seeing newspaper reports about the death, she was convinced that he had been beaten to death and demanded the case be re-opened. In 1987, Jurgens was convicted of third-degree murder of Dennis. She was sentenced to a maximum of 25 years in prison and was paroled in 1995. The case is described in detail in Barry Siegel's true-crime novel, A Death in White Bear Lake. There was a television movie broadcast in 1992 on NBC entitled A Child Lost Forever that told the story from the perspective of Jerry Sherwood (played by Beverly D'Angelo). In 2005, playwright Brian Vinero wrote a theatre piece, The Jurgens File, which was developed at New York City's 78th Street Theatre Lab; it told the story from the perspective of the community.

On January 13, 2000, she was initially suspected of poisoning her husband, Harold. However, he was in failing health and his autopsy results did not indicate poisoning. There was also talk years earlier of her having started the fire at her in-laws' home which killed her mother-in-law, with whom she never got along.

Lois Jurgens served eight years of her sentence and had a quiet life as a widow in Stillwater, Minnesota. She died aged 87 on May 7, 2013. She is buried at the Union Cemetery, in Maplewood, Ramsey County, Minnesota.

title: Lois Jurgens


text:
User talk:Great Teacher Onizuka

Please do not add commercial links or links of your own private websites to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. See the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -- Hadal 05:07, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Please also refrain from adding links to shock sites, especially where they are inappropriate. Dan Simper 05:14, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I've blocked you indefinitely, because it's obvious you know what you're doing is wrong. -- Hadal 05:22, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Great Teacher Onizuka


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Massimo cavedoni

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Ingoolemo  talk  00:50, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)

Massimo cavedoni
Vanity page Andrew pmk 05:08, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 05:46, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Vanity or a friend's little joke. Tiresome either way. Delete. -- Hoary 05:57, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)
 * Delete. DS1953 06:05, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete prank/vanity. --Etacar11 22:27, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zachary Soza

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Ingoolemo  talk  00:51, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)

Zachary Soza
Non-notable Andrew pmk 05:08, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 05:47, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. ditto. DS1953 06:04, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * comment an IMDB entry exists under that name Mozzerati 17:25, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)
 * No indication that that's the same person. --Etacar11 22:35, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * keep. Non-notability is not a VfD criterion. Ketsuban (is 1337) 21:46, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. --Etacar11 22:35, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notability is a de facto criteria--probably the number one reason articles get deleted. Also, Importance, and "Zachary Soza" footloose ren=zero hits=UNverifiable. Niteowlneils 23:58, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious delete. Gamaliel 03:11, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Definetly a non-notable person. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 06:22, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Battle of Noryang

The Battle of Noryang, the last major battle of the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), was fought between the Japanese navy and the combined fleets of the Joseon Kingdom and the Ming dynasty. It took place in the early morning of 16 December (19 November in the Lunar calendar) 1598 and ended past dawn.

The allied force of about 150 Joseon and Ming Chinese ships, led by admirals Yi Sun-sin and Chen Lin, attacked and either destroyed or captured more than half of the 500 Japanese ships commanded by Shimazu Yoshihiro, who was attempting to link-up with Konishi Yukinaga. The battered survivors of Shimazu's fleet limped back to Pusan and a few days later, left for Japan. At the height of the battle, Yi was hit by a bullet from an arquebus and died shortly thereafter. Chen Lin reported the news back to the Wanli Emperor, and since then, Chen and Yi were celebrated as national heroes.

Background
Due to setbacks in land and sea battles, the Japanese armies had been driven back to their network of fortresses, or wajō (和城), on the southeastern Korean coast. However, the wajō could not hold the entire Japanese army, so, in June 1598, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the Taikō who instigated the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), and also the acting Japanese Lord of War, ordered 70,000 troops mostly from the Japanese Army of the Right to withdraw to the archipelago. On 18 September 1598, Hideyoshi unexpectedly died at Fushimi castle. The Japanese forces in Korea were ordered to withdraw back to Japan by the new governing Council of Five Elders.

The Sunch'on wajō was the westernmost Japanese fortress and contained 14,000 troops commanded by Konishi Yukinaga, who was the leader of Japan's vanguard contingent during the first invasion, in 1592. Yi and Chen blocked Konishi from retreat, but Konishi sent many gifts to Chen in an attempt to bribe the Ming commander into lifting the blockade. At first, Chen agreed to withdraw the allied fleet, but Yi steadfastly refused to comply. Then Chen suggested that the allied fleet attack smaller, more vulnerable wajō, such as the fort at Namhae. Yi rejected that strategy as well. Yi argued that Konishi, who commanded one of the largest wajō, would be allowed to escape if the allies were to leave and fight elsewhere.

On 15 December, about 20,000 Japanese troops from the wajō of Sach'on, Goseong, and Namhae boarded 500 ships and began to mass east of the Noryang Strait in an attempt to break the allied blockade of Sunch'on. The overall commander of this relief force was Shimazu Yoshihiro, the leader of the Sach'on wajō.

The objective of the allied fleet was to prevent the link-up of Shimazu's fleet with the fleet of Konishi, then attack and defeat Shimazu's fleet. The objective of Shimazu's fleet was to cross Noryang Strait, link up with Konishi and retreat to Pusan. Shimazu knew that Konishi was trying to cause disunity within the Joseon-Ming alliance and hoped that they would be busy elsewhere or still blockading the Sunch'on wajō and thus vulnerable to an attack from their rear.

Battle

On 15 December, a huge Japanese fleet was amassed in Sach'on Bay, on the east end of the Noryang Strait. Shimazu was not sure whether the allied fleet was continuing the blockade of Konishi's wajō, on its way to attack an abandoned wajō further east, or blocking their way on the western end of Noryang Strait. Yi, meanwhile, knew exactly where Shimazu was after receiving reports from scouts and local fishermen.

The Joseon fleet consisted of 82 panokseon multi-decked oared ships. The Ming fleet consisted of six large war junks (true battle vessels most likely used as flagships) that were driven by both oars and sails, 57 lighter war ships driven by oars alone (most likely transports converted for battle use), and two panokseon provided by Yi. In terms of manpower, the allied fleet had 8,000 sailors and marines under Yi, 5,000 Ming men of the Guangdong Squadron, and 2,600 Ming marines who fought aboard Korean ships, a total of almost 16,000 sailors and fighting men. The Ming fleet was divided into two squadrons, the larger of which was commanded by Chen and the smaller by Deng Zilong. The allied fleet was well-equipped with cannon, mortars, archers, and arquebusiers. The Japanese had 500 ships, but a significant part of their fleet consisted of light transports. The Japanese ships were well-armed with arquebuses and also had some captured Joseon cannon. The allied fleet was outnumbered, but made up for it with ships which, on average, had superior firepower and heavier, more sturdy construction.

The allied fleet waited for Shimazu on the west end of Noryang Strait. The battle began around 02:00 am on 16 December. It was, from the very beginning, a desperate affair with the Japanese determined to fight through the allied fleet and the allies equally determined to keep them from breaking through and advancing.

As in Yi's previous battles, the Japanese were unable to respond effectively as the Korean and Chinese cannon prevented them from moving. When the Japanese fleet was significantly damaged, Chen ordered his fleet to engage in melee combat. This allowed the Japanese to use their arquebuses and fight using their traditional fighting style of boarding enemy ships. When Chen's flagship was attacked, Yi had to order his fleet to engage in hand-to-hand combat as well.

Song Hui-rip, the captain of Yi's flagship, was struck in the helmet by an arquebus ball and fell unconscious for a time. The vessels got so close that Joseon ships were able to throw burning wood onto the decks of Japanese ships.

Heavy Japanese arquebus fire forced the Chinese sailors to keep their heads low, while the Japanese closed in. Several parties boarded Chen's flagship and in the hand-to-hand fighting that ensued, Chen's son was injured parrying a sword thrust directed at his father. Seeing Chen's ship in trouble, the Ming left wing commander Deng Zilong and two hundred of his personal guard transferred to a Joseon panokseon (one of two given to the Ming fleet by Yi) and rowed to his aid. Several Ming ships, mistaking the panokseon for a Japanese ship, opened fire and disabled it. The stricken panokseon drifted towards the Japanese and they boarded and killed everyone on board, including Deng.

By the middle of the battle, as dawn was about to break, the allied fleet had the upper hand and half of Shimazu's fleet was either sunk or captured. It was said that Yoshihiro's flagship was sunk and that he was clinging to a piece of wood in the icy water. Japanese ships came to his rescue, pulling him to safety. During the course of the battle, the ships fought from the west end of the strait all the way across to the east end, almost to the open water. The Japanese sustained heavy damage and began to retreat along the south coast of Namhae Island, towards Pusan.

Yi's death

As the Japanese retreated, Yi ordered a vigorous pursuit. During this time a stray arquebus bullet from an enemy ship struck him near the armpit, on his left side. Sensing that the wound was fatal, the admiral uttered, "We are about to win the war – keep beating the war drums. Do not announce my death."

Only three people witnessed Sun-sin's death including Yi Hoe, his eldest son, Song Hui-rip, and Yi Wan, his nephew. They struggled to regain their composure and carried Sun-sin's body into his cabin before others could notice. For the remainder of the battle, Wan wore his uncle's armor and continued to beat the war drum to let the rest of the fleet know that the Admiral's flagship was still in the fight.

Chen's ship was again in trouble, and Yi's flagship rowed to his rescue. Yi's flagship fought off and sank several Japanese ships, and Chen called for Yi to thank him for coming to his aid. However, Chen was met by Wan who announced that his uncle was dead. It is said that Chen himself was so shocked that he fell to the ground three times, beating his chest and crying. News of Yi's death spread quickly throughout the allied fleet.

Aftermath
Out of 500 Japanese ships under Shimazu's command, an estimated 200 were able to make it back to Pusan Harbor (other Joseon archives record that Shimazu's remnants were fiercely pursued by Yi Sun-sin's fleet: only 50 ships of Shimazu's armada ever managed to escape). Konishi Yukinaga left his fortress on 16 December and his men were able to retreat by sailing through the southern end of Namhae Island, bypassing both the Noryang Strait and the battle. Although he knew the battle was raging, he made no effort to help Shimazu. This led to the loss of crucial supply lines that caused the inevitable loss of all Japanese strongholds in Korea. Konishi, Shimazu, Katō Kiyomasa, and other Japanese generals of the Left Army congregated in Pusan and withdrew to Japan on 21 December. The last ships sailed to Japan on 24 December.

Yi Sun-sin's body was brought back to his home town in Asan to be buried next to his father, Yi Chong (in accordance with Korean tradition). The court gave him the posthumous rank of Minister of the Right. Shrines, both official and unofficial, were constructed in his honor. In 1643, Yi was given the title of chungmugong, "duke/lord of loyal valor".

Chen gave a eulogy while attending Yi's funeral. He then withdrew his forces to Ming China and received high military honors. Joseon officials feared another Japanese invasion and requested the Ming army to remain. The Ming agreed and left behind a force of 3–4,000, which aided Joseon efforts in rebuilding and training forces until 1601.

title: Battle of Noryang


text: File:Safety ep.jpg

title: File:Safety ep.jpg


text:
User:Spencewah

Introduction
It is spencewah

But sometimes
But sometimes, it is %-wah.

title: User:Spencewah


text:
GWC

GWC may refer to:

 * Dutch West India Company (Dutch: Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie)
 * Gambian Workers' Confederation, a Gambian trade union
 * General Watch Co, a defunct Swiss watchmaker
 * George Watson's College, in Edinburgh, Scotland
 * George Whitefield College, in Cape Town, South Africa
 * George Wythe College, now George Wythe University, in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
 * Global Wildlife Center, a conservation charity
 * Gnome Wave Cleaner, audio software
 * Golden West College, in Huntington Beach, California, United States
 * Government Wine Cellar, of the government of the United Kingdom
 * Great Wall of China, a series of fortifications
 * Great West Conference, an American college athletic conference
 * The Great Western Chorus of Bristol, a British choir
 * Green–white–checker finish, a procedure in North American auto racing
 * Green Worker Cooperatives, a worker cooperative incubator in New York City
 * Kalami language, spoken in Pakistan

title: GWC


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Speakeasy Comics

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:35, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Speakeasy Comics
Non-notable Andrew pmk 05:10, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Granted they are new, but they seem to be on the radar of all the major comics sites on the web (even some in Europe) and have a physical presence at many shows, including LA and New York.  They seem notable to me on that basis. DS1953 05:44, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - agree with the user above. Djadek 10:50, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. New but notable. 23skidoo 20:15, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Portal:Medicine/Did you know

Usage

 * 1) Add a new Did you know to the next available subpage.
 * 2) Update "max=" to new total for its Random portal component on the main page.

title: Portal:Medicine/Did you know


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Poochakkoru Mookkuthi

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. JeremyA 03:03, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Poochakkoru Mookkuthi
Submitted by Andrew pmk 05:10, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC). He changes his vote to Keep.
 * Keep. It has an IMDb article. -- Barfooz  (talk)  05:28, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The page noted by Andrew was the first cut. More information has been added on the film. It's an important and popular film in Malayalam, from the state of Kerala, India. 66.74.197.42 05:37, 2005 Jun 4 (according to edit history. Uncle G 15:53, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC))
 * Keep. The page has much more information than the IMDb article, though, so it's impossible to verify. Nevertheless I'm going to assume good faith and not wonder whether the author found an obscure movie name at IMDb and then made up a plot and a cult following for it. --Angr/undefined 05:58, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, I checked a couple of South Indian cinema forums, and it seems to be a big deal. Hornplease 06:24, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but expand: Possibly popular south indian movie, but article needs to be expanded and cleaned up. --Ragib 05:19, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .