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Ghaziabad

Ghaziabad is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and a part of Delhi NCR. It is the administrative headquarters of Ghaziabad district and is the largest city in Western Uttar Pradesh, with a population of 1,729,000. Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone. The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards. Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for North India. It is part of the Meerut Division of Uttar Pradesh.

It is sometimes referred to as the "Saya of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to Delhi, on the main route into Uttar Pradesh. Recent construction work has led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world. Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the Hindon River, namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.

History
The city of Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 A.D. by Ghazi-ud-Din II, who served as a wazir in the court of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah, and named it as "Ghaziuddinnagar" after his own name. The name "Ghaziuddinnagar" was shortened to its present form, i.e. "Ghaziabad" with the opening of the Railways in 1864. During the Mughal period, Ghaziabad and especially the banks of the Hindon in Ghaziabad, remained a picnic spot for the Mughal royal family.

Establishment of the Scientific Society here, during the same period is considered as a milestone of the educational movement launched by Syed Ahmad Khan. The Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway, connecting Delhi and Lahore, up until Ambala through Ghaziabad was opened in the same year. With the completion of the Amritsar-Saharanpur-Ghaziabad line of the Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway in 1870, Delhi was connected to Multan through Ghaziabad, and Ghaziabad became the junction of the East Indian Railway and Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway.

Ghaziabad, along with Meerut and Bulandshahr, remained one of the three Munsifis of the District, under the Meerut Civil Judgeship during most periods of the British Raj.

Ghaziabad was associated with the Indian independence movement from the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Ghaziabad was part of Meerut district, it became a new district on 14 November 1976 by then chief minister N.D. Tiwari.

Population
The provisional data derived from the 2011 census shows that Ghaziabad urban agglomeration had a population of 2,358,525, of which males were 1,256,783 and females were 1,101,742. The literacy rate was 98.81%. Ghaziabad is a subcategory B1 district of category B i.e. having socioeconomic parameters below the national average. It is the second largest industrial city in Uttar Pradesh after Kanpur.

According to the final data, Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation had a population of 1,648,643 and a sex ratio of 885 females per 1000 males. Ghaziabad had a literacy rate of 84.78%. 12.67% of the population was under the age of 6. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 13.68% and 0.18% of the population respectively.

Hindi is the most spoken language. Other languages such as Urdu and Punjabi, are spoken by a minority. There is a smattering of speakers of other languages due to Ghaziabad's position in the Delhi metro area.

Government and politics
Ghaziabad city is governed by the Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation under the Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1959. Ghaziabad city is spread over 210 km2 of municipal area. It upgraded from a Municipal Board to a Municipal Corporation on 31 August 1994, following the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation (or Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad) is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone. The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards, with councillors elected from each ward. The local elections to all wards was last held in 2023. The executive head is Nitin Gaur, the current Municipal Commissioner while the elected head is the Mayor, Sunita dayal from the BJP. In 2022, Assembly Election Atul Garg, Bhartiya Janta Party candidate won the election.

The municipality has the following departments: Swachh Bharat Mission, Public Works Dept, I.T Dept, Property Tax Dept, Health Dept, Street Light Dept, Water Works Dept, Law, Garden/Horticulture. It has an executive committee composed of businessmen.

Representation in state assembly
The city is represented in the Lok Sabha through one MP elected from the Lok Sabha constituency represented by Gen. (Retd.) Vijay Kumar Singh from the BJP, and one MLA elected from the Vidhan Sabha constituency, represented by BJP's Atul Garg elected in 2017.

Law and order
In January 2020 it was announced that the police commissionerate system was likely to be introduced in Ghaziabad in phases. The city police is under the state home department and is headed by Senior Superintendent of Police for the district.

Development
The Ghaziabad Development Authority (GDA), established 1977, is responsible for planning, development and construction of housing projects, commercial lands, land management and infrastructure.

Civic utilities
Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad looks after the civic activities of the city. Other development agencies of the city include the Ghaziabad Development Authority, and the UP Jal Nigam. The master plan for the city is laid by the Town & Country Planning Department, Uttar Pradesh, which is department under the Department of Housing and Urban Planning for the state.

The corporation supplies water and has nearly 2.35 lakh water connections, supplying nearly 388 MLD of water per day. The city also receives water from the Ganga through 50 cusec (one cubic foot of water flow per second which translates into 28.32 litres) and 100 cusec plants but a lot of areas in the city constituting multi-storied apartments do not receive Ganga water and rely on groundwater. Treated water is supplied to only 36.2% of households.

The municipality, as well as UP Jal Nigam sets up sewage treatment plants and water treatment plants for the city. The Ghaziabad Development Authority is responsible for laying networks of sewer lines and piped drinking water supply. Drinking water remains a concern with 55.6% of households accessing it from tube wells, bore wells and hand pumps. Only 30.5% households are connected to piped sewer lines.

As of 2019, Ghaziabad generates 1,000 metric tonnes of waste daily, some of which is sent to Meerut, while 300 metric tonnes are sent to Pilkhuwa, while almost 200 metric tons is used in various GMC owned parks to create compost. The corporation also dumps garbage in Indirapuram landfill site, and would dump it in Pratap Vihar landfill until they stopped on the orders of a National Green Tribunal committee. The corporation also announced in September 2020 that it was creating 10 'garbage factories ' as a permanent solution to the city's waste problem.

Economy
Although connected by railway since 1865, it was not until 1940 that the first modern industry appeared in Ghaziabad. However, it was in the post-independence period that industry really expanded, with a further 22 factories opening in the four years after 1947. This development can be attributed to the influx of people from the newly formed Pakistan and the relocation of businesses from what was now the Pakistani province of Punjab. John Oakey and Mohan Ltd., one of India's largest concerns manufacturing coated and bonded abrasives, and originally functioning under the name of 'National Abrasives' at Rawalpindi was shifted here under the proprietorship of 'Dyer Meakins' in 1947. Subsequently, the Mohan Meakin breweries were also set up in the year 1949. This period also saw the development of Ghaziabad as one of India's most famous centres of the Oil Engines industry.

In 1967, the municipal limits were extended up to the Delhi-UP border. Starting in the early 1970s, many steel-manufacturing units also came up in the city making it one of the primary industries of the city. This period also saw the emergence of the Electronics industry, with the setting up of Bharat Electronics Limited and Central Electronics Limited Over the years, planned Industrial development saw participation from major industrial houses of the country including Mohans (Mohan Nagar Industrial Estate, 1949), Tatas (Tata Oil Mills), Modis (Modinagar, 1933; International Tobacco Co. 1967), Shri Rams (Shri Ram Pistons, 1964), Jaipurias etc. and also significant participation through foreign capital in concerns such as Danfoss India Ltd. (estd. 1968); Indo- Bulgar Food Ltd. and International Tobacco Company (estd. 1967).

Road
A proposal has been made to widen National Highway 24 (NH-24) from four to fourteen lanes on the stretch between the Ghaziabad-Delhi border and Dasna. Many residential and commercial projects are being built along the highway.

Rail
The Blue and Red lines of Delhi Metro serve Ghaziabad and connect it with Delhi. The Red Line has 8 stations in the city, with its eastern terminus Shaheed Sthal being located here. The Blue Line has 2 stations in Ghaziabad, viz., Kaushambi, which serves the area of Kaushambi, and Vaishali, which serves the areas of Vaishali, Vasundhara and Indirapuram.

The main railway station in the city is Ghaziabad Junction, which, as per the categorization of Indian Railway stations by commercial importance, has been ranked NSG-2. The station has been operating since 1864 and is an important one on the Delhi-Howrah line. It is spread across 150,000 m2 and has a daily footfall of 50,000 passengers.

The Delhi–Meerut RRTS is an 82.15 km semi-high speed rail connecting Delhi, Ghaziabad, and Meerut. It is partly operational, with its priority section from Sahibabad to Duhai opened to public on 20 October 2023.

Air
Hindon Airport is an airport serving Ghaziabad and has been operational since 2019. It is the second commercial airport in the Delhi–NCR after Indira Gandhi International Airport. The airport was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on 8 March 2019. The Indira Gandhi International Airport is the closest international airport. Hindon Airport currently operates flights to Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, and Hubli, Karnataka.

Education
Ghaziabad has also emerged as one of the major educational destinations with many higher education colleges and institutes operating in the city. Some of the main institutes are:-
 * Christ University Delhi NCR Campus
 * IMS Engineering College
 * Institute of Management Technology (IMT)
 * Institute of Technology and Science, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad
 * Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology
 * Santosh Medical College

Arts, entertainment and television

 * Lara Dutta, Miss Universe 2000 and Bollywood actress.

Business

 * Nikesh Arora, businessman, former president and COO of SoftBank Corp. and CEO of SoftBank Internet and Media, Inc.
 * Kapil Mohan, businessman

Politics and government

 * Suresh Bansal, politician
 * Rajnath Singh, politician
 * Madan Bhaiya, politician,
 * Roop Chaudhary, politician.
 * Arvind Kejriwal, politician
 * Rama Pilot, politician.
 * General V.K. Singh (Retd.), politician
 * K.C. Tyagi, politician
 * Ram Chandra Vikal, freedom fighter and deputy Chief Minister of UP.

Sports

 * Rajkumar Baisla, Dhayanchand Awardee 2011 (Wrestling)
 * Manoj Prabhakar, cricketer
 * Suresh Raina, cricketer

title: Ghaziabad


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Birmingham Post-Herald

The Birmingham Post-Herald was a daily newspaper in Birmingham, Alabama, with roots dating back to 1850, before the founding of Birmingham. The final edition was published on September 23, 2005. In its last full year, its average daily circulation was 7,544, down from 8,948 the previous year.

History
In 1850 John Cantley, a merchant from Tuscaloosa, established the Elyton Herald, Jefferson County's first newspaper. The early years of the newspaper were marked by frequent changes of name and ownership. In the 1860s, Cantley sold the weekly paper to Henry A. Hale. In 1871, the year that the new industrial center of Birmingham was incorporated, Hale sold the business to R. H. Henley, who was also Birmingham's first mayor. Henley renamed the paper the Birmingham Sun and published it himself for the first six months, before selling it to Thomas McLaughlin and James Matthews, who again changed the name to The Jefferson Independent. The Independent lasted for two years before it was bought by Willis Roberts and Frank M. Grace, who again changed the name, this time to The Weekly Iron Age.

In 1881, the paper again changed hands. The new owners, W. C. Garrett and R. H. Thornton, again changed the name to The Daily Birmingham Age and began daily publication for the first time. With the addition of national and world news items from the Associated Press the Age reached a peak of success, ranking second only to  The Atlanta Constitution in the Southern market in advertising dollars.

In 1887 Rufus N. Rhodes founded a rival newspaper, The Daily Herald appeared on the streets of Birmingham. After a year as competitors, the two papers merged on November 8, 1888, to form The Birmingham Age-Herald. This combined paper was sold in 1896 to an upstart rival, The Daily State. For two years it was published under the Daily State Herald masthead before controlling interest was sold to E. W. Barrett and the Age-Herald name restored.

During this time, E. W. Barrett died and his widow sold the Age-Herald to Frederick I. Thompson, Donald Comer and B. B. Comer. In 1927 the paper was sold to another rival, Victor H. Hanson, publisher of The Birmingham News. Hanson published both papers simultaneously, the Age-Herald in the morning and The Birmingham News in the evenings. On Sundays, a joint Birmingham News Age-Herald edition was distributed.

Another merger occurred in 1950 when the Age-Herald joined with the Scripps-Howard-owned Birmingham Post, which had grown to a large circulation since its founding in 1921 by Ed Leech. By the terms of the merger, the News and Post-Herald became independent papers published under a joint operating agreement. Circulation, advertising and printing were provided by The Birmingham News Company. The Post-Herald published on weekday mornings while the News became the sole evening and Sunday paper.

The Post-Herald figured in several episodes of the Civil Rights Movement. Post-Herald photographer Tommy Langston's 1961 image of Ku Klux Klan members attacking Freedom Riders attracted national attention because it showed FBI informant Gary Thomas Rowe in the violent mob. Langston himself was badly beaten after making the picture. In 1962, Post-Herald editor Jimmy Mills was arrested for publishing an election-day editorial suggesting how citizens should vote. Mills fought his conviction all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, which held in Mills v. Alabama that the state could not prohibit campaigning on election day.

Decline
In 1996, the News Company instigated a switch between the morning and evening publications, again creating a joint weekend edition (distributed on Saturdays). This move reinforced The News' pre-eminent role in a time when morning papers are the norm. Toward the end of its existence, the Post-Herald adopted a niche of emphasizing more detailed local stories and featuring well-known local columnists, including Paul Finebaum.

The long-expected closure was announced to staffers and then to the public by E. W. Scripps executives on the morning of September 22, 2005, the day before the final edition. The announcement said that the Birmingham market could simply no longer support two newspapers, thus continuing a trend of big-city afternoon newspapers either folding or merging with morning newspapers. Writer Clarke Stallworth held the distinction of writing the lead story for the front page of both the first and last editions of the Post-Herald.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Birmingham Post-Herald


text:
File:AudioAdrenalineSomeKindofZombie.jpg

Summary
The cover for Audio Adrenaline's album Some Kind of Zombie.


text: File:Upstream-downstream.JPG

title: File:Upstream-downstream.JPG


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Outer trench swell

The outer trench swell, outer trench high, or outer rise is a subtle ridge on the seafloor near an oceanic trench, where a descending plate begins to flex and fault in preparation for its descent into the mantle at a subduction zone. The lithosphere is bent upwards by plate stresses, and is not in isostatic equilibrium (distinguish from the "outer ridge" of a forearc).

Characteristics
Typically, the gravity field over the outer swell is about 50 mGal (0.5 mm/s²) higher than expected from isostasy, while gravity over the trench is about 200 mGal (2 mm/s²) less than that expected from isostatic considerations.

The bending of the plate is associated with tension in the upper 20 km, and shallow earthquakes, caused by tensional failure induced by the downward bending of the oceanic plate are common; about 20 extensional outer rise earthquakes with magnitude 5 or greater occur annually. Most tension axes are perpendicular to the trench, independent of the direction of relative motion between the two plates, indicating that failure is controlled by bending stresses in the plate. Plate bending also causes deeper (down to 50 km) earthquakes due to compression.

The wavelength and amplitude of this flexure can be used to constrain the state of stress across the plate boundary. The width of the outer rise is directly related to the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere. The thickness of the elastic lithosphere varies between 20 and 30 km for most trench profiles. Faulting related to plate bending and stair-stepping of the descending slab into the trench may allow seawater to infiltrate deep into the crust and perhaps upper mantle. This may lead to large scale formation of serpentinite in the upper mantle of the downgoing plate (Ranero et al., 2003).

Faulting of the downgoing plate results in a horst and graben structure that allows sediment that reaches the trench to be deposited in graben and carried downward. This faulting also breaks up seamounts as they approach the trench. The principal mechanism of frontal erosion may reflect combined effects of seamount tunneling, mass wasting and transport to the trench, deposition in a graben on the downgoing plate, and descent into the mantle.

Outer trench swells are geoscientific frontiers and much remains to be learned about them. Recent volcanoes have been discovered on ~135-million-year-old Pacific Plate east of Japan (Hirano et al., 2006). These small alkalic volcanoes are small percent melts of asthenosphere that exploit bending-related lithospheric faults to reach the seafloor. Hirano et al., (2006) proposed that these small volcanoes erupted along lithospheric fractures in response to plate flexure during subduction. If bending-related faulting and serpentinization is an important process beneath outer trench swells, there are probably also abundant low-temperature hydrothermal vents on the swells, similar to those of the Lost City (hydrothermal field).

title: Outer trench swell


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EMD GP50

An EMD GP50 is a 4-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD). It is powered by a 16-cylinder EMD 645F3B diesel engine, which can produce between 3,500 and 3,600 hp (2,610 and 2,685 kW). 278 examples of this locomotive were built by EMD between 1980 and 1985. BN 3110-3162 were all delivered with five cab seats, the final five of these having the cab lengthened 23 in (584 mm) vs. the standard EMD cab. The GP50 retains the same overall length of 59 feet 2 inches (18.03 meters) as the GP38, GP39, and GP40 series locomotives.

History
EMD delivered the first GP50s to Chicago Northwestern in the summer of 1980. Much of the GP50's new technology was tested and developed with the experimental GP40X.

Changes to the 645F3B engine compared to older versions, include a stronger crankcase, new turbocharger, new plate crab for clamping the power assemblies to the crankshaft, a camshaft of increased hardness, one-half-inch-diameter plunger injectors, laser-hardened cylinder liners, rocking piston pins, and a slower idle speed. A new traction motor, the D87, has a continuous rating of 1170 amps, compared to 1150 amps for its predecessor, the D77, with new interpole and main field coils that use 16% more copper, the number of turns increased from 14 to 17 to improve commutation at high currents, longer brush life, and sturdier gearing with increased surface hardness. The new motors are connected in permanent parallel to a new AR15 alternator rated at 4,680 amps.

The GP50 was the first production locomotive to feature EMD's Super Series wheelslip control system, first seen on the GP40X. Super Series employs a Doppler radar unit mounted under the front coupler pocket to measure the locomotive's speed and adjusts the power to each axle to provide maximum adhesion while eliminating wheelslip. This system provided an increase in adhesion of at least 33% compared to conventional locomotives.

Other changes compared to the GP40-2 include an underframe with a lighter, deeper sill that reduced the frame's weight and a new exhaust system and "Q-type" cooling fans to meet January 1980 Federal noise regulations.

The GP50 was the first production locomotive series to be fitted with a microprocessor, and EMD fitted the 60 series with microprocessors as standard following the success of LARS which was developed in partnership with Burlington Northern and Rockwell Collins.

Norfolk Southern
In 2015–2016 the Norfolk Southern Railway rebuilt 28 of their GP50s into the low-emission GP33ECO. And in early 2016, Norfolk Southern rebuilt one GP50 into their first GP59ECO. These units, most of which utilized GP59 cores, have similar specifications as the earlier GP33ECO program but have been built without public funding contributing to their construction.

Burlington Northern Santa Fe
Around 2006 BNSF started rebuilding and derating GP50s and reclassifying them as GP25s. These locomotives are regoverned to 2500 hp and have D78 traction motors in place of the original D87s. This likely means that the Super Series wheelslip control system has also been removed since the D78 traction motor does not support it.

title: EMD GP50


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Panzer VII Löwe

The Panzerkampfwagen VII Löwe (Lion) was a design for a super-heavy tank created by Krupp for the German government during World War II. The project, initially code-named VK 70.01 (K), never left the drawing board, and was dropped on 5–6 March 1942, in favor of Porsche's heavier Panzer VIII Maus.

Variants
The Löwe was designed in two variants, unofficially designated Leichter Löwe (light lion) and Schwerer Löwe (heavy lion), both with a crew of five:
 * Leichter Löwe/VK 70.01 (K): It was to weigh 76 t, with 100 mm of frontal armor, a front-mounted turret, a 10.5 cm L/70 high velocity gun, and a coaxial machine gun, with a top speed of 27 km/h. It was later cancelled by Adolf Hitler.
 * Schwerer Löwe/VK 72.01(K): It was to weigh 90 t, with 120 mm frontal armor, a rear-mounted turret, a 10.5 cm L/70 high velocity gun, and a coaxial machine gun, but only managing a top speed of 23 km/h. After redesign it had 150 mm frontal armor, 8.8 cm L/71 gun, and a top speed increased to 35 km/h.

Tanks of comparable role, performance and era

 * Soviet IS-3
 * American M103
 * British Conqueror
 * French AMX-50
 * German Panzer VIII Maus

title: Panzer VII Löwe


text:
File:AudioAdrenalineUnderdog.jpg

Summary
The cover for Audio Adrenaline's album Underdog.

title: File:AudioAdrenalineUnderdog.jpg


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User talk:Sithlord

Hi/welcome. This is your talk page. Your user page, which has things about you, is at User:Sithlord. This page is where people leave messages for you. Dysprosia 02:18, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Robert April
I never did get a response from anyone at the Starship Enterprise article regarding me pointing out that the screencapture you uploaded makes no mention of "Robert Ap..." so I'm about to remove it from the canon list again. Now that the episode is on DVD, do you know if there is another screen capture around that actually does show this wording? No one at TrekBBS was able to verify it, either. Cheers. 23skidoo 15:19, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Archer biographical.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Archer biographical.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Ejfetters 01:59, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sithlord


text:
Talk:Sinulog

Rejection of sovereignty
Why would Rajah Humabon want to be named after Carlos of Spain. Was this what he actually agreed to. Didn't the Rajah view himself as a king. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.203.63.25 (talk) 03:02, 22 November 2015 (UTC)

Older
i have a good article in this website.its very useful and gives a lot of info about sinulog and other events.check this out.

http://www.travelmart.net/philippines/janevents.html

House of Habsburg
I just want to make clear that Habsburg is also spelled as Hapsburg. Spelling variations include: Habsburg, Hapsburg, Habspurg, Habsperg, Hapspurg and many more. The House of Hapsburg is also known as the House of Austria. And the Hapsburg Coat of Arms is a hawk, not an eagle. Here's my source: http://www.sinulog.ph/stories/backgrounder.html Jute 07:36, August 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Habsburg, like any family name, gets misspelled many ways but the spelling used by the ultimate authority on such matters (the family itself) and all official documents is always Habsburg. Most instances of the misspelling "Hapsburg" originate with British publications, but they spell many things differently. The two-headed bird is from the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire, not the family arms of the Habsburgs (which had a bird with a single head) who eventually became its emperors. It came from the Byzantine Empire, the heads looking east and west symbolizing the two portions of the Roman Empire with its two capitals and two emperors. It is always referred to as an eagle in its heraldry. The fact that the name Habsburg comes originally from Habichtsburg ("Hawk's Castle") may be part of what led to the confusion in the source you cite. I would be careful with that source: it also equates King Carlos I of Spain with Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI. He was Charles V, not VI. I suggest that source may not been overly careful with details.--StanZegel 14:13, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
 * One more thing: the coat of arms of the Hasburg as "counts of Habsburg" was not a bird at all but a red lion. Eagles appear in the coat-of-arms of the Emperor and in one of the Austrian Duchies. No hawk around.

Habsburg, Hapsburg, Hapsburgh, Habisburch, Habichtsburg
At this site, there is an explanation why the nomenclature and orthography keeps changing. It hardly needs emphasizing orthography changes with time, with the persons and nationalities of those who're spelling the nomenclature, with fashion, with idiosyncrasies. Let me quote an injunction from this site, "Today, the Austrian descendants, and most of the academic community, use the 'Habsburg' spelling.  I've opted for the 'Hapsburg' variation, one that was in vogue pre-1980 when much of the focus was on the Spanish branch of the family, for practical  reasons, namely that the domain hapsburg was available and habsburg was not.  For the purposes of this project the actual spelling of the name is secondary in importance and should not hinder the reader's understanding of the facts or arguments." --Vicente Calibo de Jesus (talk) 15:21, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
 * There can be no justification for opting for that horrid spelling. Str1977 (talk) 12:00, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Sinulog. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090120081350/http://www.sinulog.ph/index.php/working-committee/ to http://www.sinulog.ph/index.php/working-committee/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:58, 11 December 2017 (UTC)

Fact vs fiction & christianization
I think this article needs to differentiate clearly between what is fact and what is fiction. To me, the article comes off like Christian revisionist history toward a pre-existing indigenous tradition.

There is also a lot of repetition and conflicting information. I'm not familiar with this subject to feel comfortable editing it, so just pointing this out. --Pythagimedes (talk) 05:26, 16 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sinulog


text:
Wikipedia:Irish wikipedians' notice board/Archive08

Deletion of Category:Elections in the Republic of Ireland
Their is a proposal for deletion of Category:Elections in the Republic of Ireland at Categories for deletion/Log/2005 April 30. Djegan 18:59, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Irish mapping
Moved from Irish Wikipedians' notice board:

Maybe this should just go in the to-do list, but as it's generic I think it is at least worth starting here.

It would be good to be able to give OSI/OSNI grid references, especially for Irish National Monuments. But the are useless without a conversion macro and mapping system. There is some work in progress at |Wiki Map sources, but nothing there for Ireland (north or south). Could some old lag tell me how to create an analogue of {OSGB36}? --Red King 15:34, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Now here is an interesting thing: the UK Ordance Survey includes the Irish Grid (admitedly at a less than brilliant 1:250000 but it is more informative than Multimap)
 * For example, here is Newgrange (O008741 nb thats Oh zero zero eight)
 * --Red King 14:39, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The Map sources project is working nicely for GB (though I say it myself) - but the amount of response to it has been an amazing deafing silence! Delighted to see some interest from Erin. I will try to do the necessary additions to the resource that template:oscoor calls as soon as possible and I will request Egil Kvaleberg to change his bit. In the mean time, I suggest you create direct links to getamap like the one above - I am willing to go round and templatise them later. -- RHaworth 16:05, 2005 May 12 (UTC)

 * Ideally I wanted there to be a trivial template that people could use pro tem. Then, as the Map sources project progressed, it would be easy either to improve the works inside the black box, or at least find the references to it and go back to improve them (as somebody did for the Lat&Lon references).  Would you like to volunteer?  --Red King 16:45, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

New Maps
Moved from Irish Wikipedians' notice board:

It took me long enough but I think I managed to make a county map that looks almost like Zoney's.   -- ℬ astique ▼ talk 16:54, 14 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Added Donegal, which I thought went better up and to the left of the image of Ireland, mainly because of its location in the country: -- ℬ astique ▼ talk 21:29, 14 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Added Kildare -- ℬ astique ▼ talk 14:48, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Nice job! CGorman 15:29, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

New Maps for City/Town infoboxes
Red King and I have been discussing the town infoboxes, that Zoney so diligently created, and we've come to a consensus that they're still slightly confusing and in the present format it will be difficult to locate the smaller counties in the Ireland graphic. See either his or my talk page for the entire conversation. I've created a couple of sample graphics that I will propose herewith in context, and you tell me which one you prefer:

 ℬ astique ▼ talk 23:01, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * IMO the magnified map is a lot better. J OHN C OLLISON (An Liúdramán) 08:40, 18 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree. The hinterland in adjacent counties is always important, especially so with border towns like Stroke City and Newry.
 * We need an inland county example, but this is a big improvement. --Red King 09:11, 18 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Good work, I like the magnified version. As a side comment the image of each county should - in so far as is possible - be of a similar size and shape. Djegan 09:46, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

Updated infoboxes
Note: I've only created the new magnified images for Mayo and Sligo thus far, but will be working on more of the rest this weekend.

-- ℬ astique ▼ talk 16:01, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, and just a reminder, if there is no town crest, it still has to be noted, like so:

crest_image   = |

-- ℬ astique ▼ talk 16:23, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Going off at a tangent, how did you do the floating dot? I ask because I see that the Italian cities use , which if I read it correctly, means producing a completely new map of Italy everytime, rather than locating a dot on a map background, like you've done.  I had in mind to do Alghero but not if it involves that much work!  Looking around the italian towns and cities, I suspect that many others reached the same conclusion.  But don't let me distract you! Finish doing the Irish maps first and, if you haven't collapsed from nervous exhaustion, take a look at Italy. --~

Like I've done here, you mean... I actually used  which produced the template information without the actual template itself. That way if I make any changes to the template, they won't reflect here on this page. I only input the coordinates for each city. And by the way... I like doing these maps... We can see much better where the towns are in relationship to tiny features like loughs and other counties... -- ℬ astique ▼ talk 21:07, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

I just looked into the ITDot template... they have to create a different map for each and every city in Italy, which is quite a bit of graphics! In this case it's the -- ℬ astique ▼ talk 21:13, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Quite! The approach is not remotely scaleable.  The only sensible way to do it is to have a common background and a floating dot, as you have done.  (Ideally, it would be Italy, zoomed region (Liguria, Tuscany) then city).  Anyway, one for later if you still have the inclination. --Red King 10:35, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

Added Donegal, Roscommon and Leitrim. See gallery at Irish Wikipedians' notice board/map gallery  ℬ astique ▼ talk 01:56, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Added Louth, Monaghan, Cavan.  ℬ astique ▼ talk 03:57, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Added Cork, Kerry, Clare, Limerick  ℬ astique ▼ talk 04:41, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Added Carlow, Galway, Kildare, Kilkenny  ℬ astique ▼ talk 05:07, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

On County Mayo's map at Image:Ireland map County Mayo Magnified.png, I've added some formulae to determine point position. I do it myself out of an excel spreadsheet, because I am working on several towns ni County Mayo at once, but if you find using the formulae easier than visual trial and error, go to the image page for the info.  ℬ astique ▼ talk 16:23, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Added Longford, Tipperary  ℬ astique ▼ talk 16:46, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Added Meath, Offaly, Laois  ℬ astique ▼ talk 21:05, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Added Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford and Wicklow. Now all I have left are the four Dublin maps and the six Northern Ireland maps.   ℬ astique ▼ talk 21:36, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Added Dublin City, Fingal, South Dublin and Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown  ℬ astique ▼ talk 22:22, 21 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure that to go this far is a good idea. If you deviate from the traditional 32 counties for Dublin, then you have to do the new Districts in NI too. Which is certainly arguable, of course. --Red King 00:20, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, I was just following Zoney's lead on this one, but I've created a separate file for Dublin County, that looks like all the rest.  ℬ astique ▼ talk 02:50, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Regarding Northern Ireland their is a commission of enquiry into local government at the moment so my personal opinion is not to get to particular about details until an outcome is made known as it could go any way. Djegan 08:54, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Y'know what, though Djegan? What are we going to fill our time with if we don't have to worrry about Northern Ireland?  It's not like there's tons of things to do at Wikipedia (or is there?)  ℬ astique ▼ talk 14:57, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

Ireland Wikiportal
I've started the Ireland Wikiportal. Take a look at it and tell me what you think, and then volunteer to keep a part of it updated!

Also, we don't seem to have any "Official" Wikiprojects, even though I know there's things that have been discussed here that need to get done. Like getting the Cities, Towns, Villages, etc in order. Any suggestions?  ℬ astique ▼ talk 16:04, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Looks nice, but can you keep it current? --Red King 19:52, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

 * CGorman offered to take over news duty...what part do you want to help out with? :) :) :)  ℬ astique ▼ talk 20:00, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

Adminship
Hi folks, I've asked for Adminship here. Your support would be appreciated! Cheers Seabhcán 14:54, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Town importance
I know that population is not always a gauge of importance, but I put together a list of the top 100 cities and towns (including suburbs) in the Republic, according to the 2002 census. There's still a few in the top 100 for which we still don't have stubs even. See List of towns in the Republic of Ireland/Largest 100.
 * Thats great! I know you are doing your best and there's no other reliable data available yet - but numbers 10 to 25 will be hugely different when the next census comes out! Ireland is experiencing an unbelieveble growth period - for example Mullingar (my own town!) is currently at over 20,000 according to conservative local council estimates and is forecast to hit 30,000 in less than a decade. Similierly Letterkenny is Ireland's fastest growing town and set to increase its population hugely over the next few years. At the moment 70,000 new homes are being built in Ireland every year! A large amount of these are in commutor belt towns such as Tullamore, Mullingar, Celbridge and Naas, and in regional centers such as Athlone and Ennis. Its very exciting to be frank; to see the country grow so much. There's also the matter of 70,000 new immigrants from Eastern Europe in the past twelve months. (all of this for a nation of 4m is unbelievable). I know it would be virtually impossible to do - but it would be wonderful to add a colume showing the forecasted population of each town in say ten years. Regardless - excellent job. CGorman 14:37, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * BTW: As far as I know that 15,936 figure for Athlone is actually only the Westmeath side of the town - I think theres a furture 6,000 in the Roscommon side. CGorman 14:39, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * According to the 2002 Census Records, Athlone, in Westmeath has 7,354 residents and Athlone Environs, in both Westmeath and Roscommon, has 8,582 residents.  ℬ astique ▼ talk 17:14, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Great - I knew it was split someway between the town counties - thank God its only 15,900 - Mullingar (my beloved town) and Athlone share a long long rivalry. Mullingar has always been the administrative center, where the county council is, the cathedral, the hospital, and any other local government body - however, Athlone has more (visible) history, a castle, an historically larger population, more shops and a third level institute. So as a Mullingar man - I love knowing that we are bigger and better - one little fact I love; Mullingar has the 3rd highest percentage of professionals living in any urban area in Ireland (thats largely due to having a regional hospital). Oh and Athlone was repersented for years in the government by a TD - something Mullingar did'nt have until recently; the Athlone TD lost her seat, and a Mullingar/Castlepollard man took over! I'll respone to the second comment below later - im in a bit of a rush. CGorman 20:36, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * CGorman, You make a great proponent for the country... what is the attitude about immigration from America? Ireland certainly sounds like the place to be in the 21st Century  ℬ astique ▼ talk 17:05, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I just love my country - i've grown up in an era off unbelievable growth (the Celtic Tiger era) in which Ireland has grown hugely in wealth. During that time Ireland has successfully produced many of the modern cultural icons - from U2, The Corrs and Colin Farrell to Father Ted, Roy Keane and Graham Norton. At the moment Ireland really just has a 'buzz' ambout it - its a great place to live (in fact its the best place in the world to live according to the Economist magazine). As regards US immigrants - no problem, just be aware that our averagehouse price is now over $314,000; and any decent house in the capital will cost a minimum of $565,000! Ireland is the new land of oppertunity - anyone can make it big time if they are prepared to work hard - and if you fail, the state will help you to get back on your feet (unlike in the US system, which has very little government intervention in social, educational and medical areas). CGorman 14:24, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Conas atá sibh? An Vicipéid Ghaeilge
I already sent this message to a few people before seeing this, so I thought I'ld post it here. The Irish wikipedia is in desperate need of contributors. At the moment there is around 5 active wikipedians(or vicipéideoirí in Irish). If you can, come and help us at, it doesn't matter your standard of Irish, there are people there to correct it for you. We're at 778 articles at the moment and pushing for 1,000 but it's slow work with so few contributors. So come and help us please. Bígí ann! - Dalta 22:13, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Every time I "correct it for you" (correction of placenames to those used by the Caighdeán Oifigiúil, for instance), I get bitched at. Evertype 23:09, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
 * My level of Irish vocabulary is good enough to contribute, but my grammar was eaten by dyspraxia and I've never learnt how to get fada's on a Macintosh or BeOS box... so thats me out --Kiand 23:27, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * As regards the fadas, don't you get 'em on the "insert" box, someway down an "edit" page? Between "templates used on this page" and "Your changes will be visible immediately." in fact, now that I think to check.  (If not, maybe you need to tweak preferences somewhat?)  Alai 23:32, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Gah, never actually noticed they're in there... thought that was just for really esoteric stuff. Still doesn't fix the problem that I can't manage tenses in Irish.... --Kiand 23:36, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Fada's are easy-peasy on a Mac, a bhuachaill. In Irish keyboard mode (Mac OS X, at least), just type ALT-e for 'é', ALT-i for 'í', etc, etc. Works for caps, too. In UK localisations, type SHIFT-ALT-a for the same effect. Slán - Pete C ✍ 23:56, 27 May 2005 (UTC).
 * Didn't say I was on OSX now, did I? :p Yellow Dog Linux, which despite being PPC-centric, still has some trouble with the horribly hybrid bit-of-everything keyboard layout Apple use these days. I wish I could use my AppleDesign ADB still... --Kiand 00:15, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keymapping is completely screwed on YDL (yeah, I use it too.) If you can get it work with a UK Mac keyboard with the alt charset, do let me know. (Possible Open_source collaboration? :-) ) - Pete C ✍ 00:20, 28 May 2005 (UTC) Disclaimer: I work at Apple. That's why I'm still up at 1am ... coding! :-/

 * I have no problem copying images and templates to Gaelige Vici...but the extent of my Gaelic is Fáilte and Da Dhuit or Dha Duit or however it's spelled... And since I uploaded the county maps to Commons, you can access them from any Wikimedia site. So someone will have to guide me on the proper word for basic things like town population and elevation  ℬ astique ▼ talk 00:50, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This goes both ways, too, you know...there's a smart few little sentences in about Partry, with no corresponding article here: Partry.  There may be several others.  Might someone give a shot at translating them back?  ℬ astique ▼ talk 03:11, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, I haven't been able to figure out what Gleann an Fháin corresponds to in English, but it's listed as a town on the Gaelige County Mayo page. Anyone?   ℬ astique ▼ talk 03:14, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Gleann an Fháin -> Glenanane in English - Pete C ✍ 13:46, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm on board for doing what I can to help out on ga: -- and improve my Irish while I'm doing it. It'll be easier for me to chat mostly as Béarla (or in "GAA Irish") and my work will need help (and I promise not to bitch at anyone who improves my use of the language!).

Can I suggest that when working on ga: we think in terms of an encylopedia that is written in the Irish language, rather than an Irish encyclopedia? Having said that, the first thing I thought to do was a Peig Sayers page and of course Irish topics should be exceptionally well represented: is never going to have an article fir every stop in the Kyoto subway system or a list of Buffy the Vampire Slayer fan-fiction writers. I'm going to try to work on the beer article, and while I certainly won't remove any of the information about Irish beers and breweries I won't give them any very special treatment. Ben-w 07:26, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * If I get a chance I'll pop over and do a few odd bits every now and then - my Irish is crap; but i'll gladly help add cats and links. CGorman 14:16, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

That's the spirit lads! Don't worry about lack of tenses, we'll fix that up for you and you can ask any of the users for help and I'm sure they'll have no problem explaining one or two things to you. Everytype - Do you mean the whole 'Alba' controversy? Nevermind that, contribute and improve as much as you can. Ben-w is right, it's an encyclopedia in Irish, rather than an Irish encyclopedia, but as you will see, we're short on every kind of article, so don't think too much before contributing. Bastique, town population is 'daonra an bhaile' and elevation is 'ardú'. If you could add the mini-flags of countries that'ld be great. See the bottom half of Amhrán Náisúnta to see what I mean- Dalta 17:58, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Questionable edit of article  (Bishop of Galway)
An anonymous editor has cut background/context material that I wrote some time ago in article Eamon Casey (Bishop of Galway). His view is that the text is not relevant. He is not a vandal: I see he has reverted vandalism elsewhere. I don't feel that it is appropriate that I be judge in my own case, so would welcome another opinion if anyone feels so inclined. --Red King 23:35, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I think it was a good-faith NPOV edit -- the cut material would be useful in the article, but perhaps it should be in a separate section about the public and media reaction to the case. And the fact that they did a Father Ted episode about it. You will address me by my proper title, you little bollix! Ben-w 04:13, 29 May 2005 (UTC)


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The Best of Me (Bryan Adams album)

The Best of Me is the third greatest hits album by Canadian singer Bryan Adams. It was released worldwide in 1999, and in the U.S. in 2001. It was his last release on A&M Records. Upon its initial release, a special edition 2-disc set was issued with live tracks. Another special edition 2-CD set was issued when the album was released in the U.S., dubbed 'Special Tour Edition', bearing three extra tracks. It is Adams' second compilation album, after So Far So Good; except for Japan, where Hits on Fire was released in 1988. The album contains songs from Reckless (1984) to On a Day Like Today (1998), omitting Into the Fire (1987). This album sees Adams reuniting with Robert John "Mutt" Lange – on the (new) title track – after being absent from 1998's On a Day Like Today.

Track listing
1999 special edition bonus disc
 * 1) "Summer of '69" (Live from South Africa) – 3:34
 * 2) "Back to You" (Live from South Africa) – 5:28
 * 3) "Can't Stop This Thing We Started" (Live from South Africa) – 5:12
 * 4) "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?" (Live from South Africa) – 4:52
 * 5) "Rock Steady" (Live from South Africa) – 5:23

Tracks 2, 5 are also available on the single "Inside Out", issued in 2000.

2002 special tour edition bonus disc
 * 1) "Summer of '69" (Live from South Africa) – 3:34
 * 2) "Back to You" (Live from South Africa) – 5:28
 * 3) "Can't Stop This Thing We Started" (Live from South Africa) – 5:12
 * 4) "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?" (Live from South Africa) – 4:52
 * 5) "Rock Steady" (Live from South Africa) – 5:23
 * 6) "Cloud Number Nine" (Live at Slane Castle) – 4:09
 * 7) "I'm Ready" (Live at Slane Castle) – 4:34
 * 8) "Cuts Like a Knife" (Live at Slane Castle) – 6:02

This is basically the same bonus disc as the 1999 special edition release, with three extra tracks added. Tracks 2, 5 are also available on the single "Inside Out", issued in 2000. Tracks 6, 7, 8 are from the DVD release Live at Slane Castle.

Alternate and iTunes edition

An alternate edition of this CD, dated 1999 and carrying a sticker bearing the catalogue number 490 522-2 [11], omits the final track listed above, "18 Til I Die", and instead adds a hidden track after track 15:

16. "Don't Give Up" – 3:42, by Chicane featuring Bryan Adams, written by Nick Bracegirdle, Bryan Adams, and Ray Hedges.

No bonus disc is included with this edition.

This version of the album was previously available to download on iTunes but has since been removed

Personnel

 * Bryan Adams – vocals, bass guitar, producer, arranger
 * Robert John "Mutt" Lange – producer
 * Phil Western – engineer
 * Greg Goldman – engineer
 * Zach Blackstone – engineer
 * Bob Clearmountain – mixing, producer
 * Phil Thornalley – guitar
 * Patrick Leonard – producer, arranger
 * Danny Cummings – drums, percussion
 * Chris Thomas – producer
 * David Nicholas – producer, mixing
 * Jim Vallance – producer
 * Bob Rock – producer
 * Melanie C – vocals on "When You're Gone"
 * Jody Perpick – recording engineer
 * Mickey Curry – drums, background vocals
 * Keith Scott – guitar, background vocals

title: The Best of Me (Bryan Adams album)


text:
Fritz Moravec

Fritz Moravec (27 April 1922 – 17 March 1997) was an Austrian mountaineer and author. He is best known for his numerous expeditions in the Karakoram range, where he participated in the first ascent of Gasherbrum II (8,034 m, 26,358 ft). Moravec was the founder of the Glockner-Kaprun mountaineering school.

Life
Fritz Moravec was born on 27 April 1922 in the Favoriten tenth district of Vienna, Austria. After an apprenticeship as a motor mechanic, he studied mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Vienna. He developed a love of mountaineering from his father, a locomotive engineer, who served as a military mountain guide in the Dolomites during World War I. I 1942, Moravec served in one of the mountain units in the Caucasus during World War II.

After returning to Austria after the war in 1946, Moravec continued to study psychology and education and became a teacher in a specialized school for locksmithing. He spent his spare time with youth groups in the mountains, as in the Gesäuse, and led climbing courses. Moravec specialized in ice climbing. After 1950, he began climbing in the Western Alps, and by 1954 he climbed for the first time in the Himalayas to Saipal.

On 7 July 1956 he ascended Gasherbrum II with Josef Larch and Hans Willenpart. In the coming years, he participated in numerous other expeditions to the Spitsbergen, Dhaulagiri, and to Africa. For some time, Moravec's ascent of Gasherbrum II was questioned because he was not visible in summit photos. On 25 September 1995, in a lecture on Himalayan mountaineering held at Vienna's City Hall, Moravec stated: "At 8,035 meters in altitude it was so warm that we even took off our parkas. Not a cloud was in the sky, there was no wind, [...] Since there was no room on the two crags, Hans, Sepp and I built a small stone pyramid on the edge of the Firnfeld. I wrote down our route, day, hour, and our names on a piece of paper. I placed the paper in an empty film canister, along with a Mother of God Medallion, to whom I credit much of the success of this great mountain climb. My mother had given this medallion to me during the war, and it was very difficult leave it behind, but I wanted to make a small sacrifice in her honour. I wrapped the metal container in an Austrian state flag, and my companions placed it into the stone pyramid."

In 1959, Moravec led an Austrian expedition to Dhaulagiri. As the team approached the summit on 27 May 1959, they were forced to turn back due to poor weather conditions—a mere 300 m from their goal. Although the summit attempt failed, Moravec's team prepared the way and identified the route on the northeast ridge that would be used by the Swiss expedition the following year.

In 1962, Moravec was approached to participate in a Dutch Himalayan expedition. At the same time, he was approached by naturalists who wanted him to build a climbing school. Moravec chose the latter project, and soon founded the Glockner-Kaprun mountaineering school and remained its leader for thirty years. He created training programs for ten to thirteen-year-olds which are still recognized worldwide.

Moravec died on 17 March 1997 in Vienna. He was buried in Hietzinger cemetery. Following his death, his mountaineering school was renamed the Fritz Moravec High Mountain School in his honour.

Works

 * Weiße Berge: schwarze Menschen, 1958
 * Dhaulagiri: Berg ohne Gnade, 1960
 * Gefahren und Gefährten, 1961

Awards

 * Karl Renner Prize, awarded on December 13, 1956

title: Fritz Moravec


text:
Wally Boag

Wallace Vincent Boag (September 13, 1920 – June 3, 2011) was an American performer known for his starring role in Disney's long-running stage show the Golden Horseshoe Revue and as the voice of Jose the parrot in Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room.

Biography
Boag was born in Portland, Oregon, in 1920 to Evelyn G. and Wallace B. Boag. He joined a professional dance team at age nine, later established his own dance school, and by the age of 19 had turned to comedy. He toured the world's stages in hotels, theaters and nightclubs. While appearing at the London Hippodrome in Starlight Roof, he brought a young 12-year-old girl on stage to help with his balloon act. The girl, a young Julie Andrews, astonished the audience with her voice and was kept in the show. In 1945, Boag signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and appeared in films such as Without Love and Thrill of a Romance, in credited roles.

In the early 1950s, while appearing in revues in Australia, he met tenor Donald Novis. It was Novis who got Walt Disney to audition Boag for the Golden Horseshoe Revue, a 45-minute stage show which was written by its first pianist Charles LaVere and lyricist Tom Adair. Novis was the show's first tenor and was replaced by Fulton Burley when he retired in 1962. Both Boag and The Golden Horseshoe Revue were cited in The Guinness Book of World Records for having the greatest number of performances of any theatrical presentation. The show was often incorrectly introduced before a performance as the record holder of the longest running revue in the history of show business. The 10,000th performance of the Golden Horseshoe Revue was featured on NBC's The Wonderful World of Disney.

Boag's Pecos Bill/Traveling Salesman character was a fast-paced comedy routine featuring slapstick humor, squirt guns, a seemingly endless supply of broken teeth which he would spit out throughout the routine, and his signature balloon animals which he called Boagaloons.

In 1963, Julie Andrews once again performed with Boag on the Golden Horseshoe stage along with the Dapper Dans, at a special press-only event to promote the following year's release of Mary Poppins. Together, Andrews and Boag recreated their act of long ago and sang "By the Light of the Silvery Moon."

While Walt Disney was alive, he did everything he could to further Boag's career. Boag voiced Jose in "Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room" and also wrote much of the script for the attraction, participating also in the development of "Haunted Mansion" in Disneyland.

Disney had small roles written for Boag in The Absent-Minded Professor and Son of Flubber. It was Disney's plan to use Boag as the voice of Tigger in Winnie the Pooh. While at a story meeting for Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day, Disney felt that Wally Boag was perfect for the role of Tigger. Disney died from lung cancer in December 1966. Boag voiced for Tigger when the featurette was aired but the role ultimately went to Paul Winchell. Except for a cameo appearance in The Love Bug, Boag did not appear in any more Disney films. In 1971, Boag took his Pecos Bill character to the newly opened Walt Disney World and re-crafted the saloon show into a faster, funnier Diamond Horseshoe Revue. Three years later he returned to Disneyland and finished his career there, entertaining adoring crowds at the Golden Horseshoe, retiring in 1982. (He had in the meantime performed his act as the human guest on the fifth season of The Muppet Show.) The Golden Horseshoe Revue closed in 1986. In 1995, Boag was inducted into the ranks of the Disney Legends and has his own in Disneyland above the Carnation Company. The inscription reads "Theatrical Agency - Golden Vaudeville Routines - Wally Boag, Prop."

Boag lived in California with his wife, Ellen Morgan Boag. He died on June 3, 2011, in Santa Monica, California from Alzheimer's disease.

Legacy
His autobiography, entitled Wally Boag, Clown Prince of Disneyland, was published in August 2009.

Boag's performances have influenced many later performers and comedians, most notable of whom is Steve Martin, who studied Boag's humor and timing while working at Disneyland as a teenager. Boag's performance appears on Week One of the Mickey Mouse Club DVD collection, and the soundtrack of the Golden Horseshoe Revue has been released on CD.

On June 3, 2011, it was announced by Steve Martin on Twitter "My hero, the first comedian I ever saw live, my influence, a man to whom I aspired, has passed on. Wally Boag." The following day, June 4, 2011, Boag's longtime partner at the Golden Horseshoe Revue, Betty Taylor, also died. Boag's wife Ellen died in July 2014.

title: Wally Boag


text:
User talk:Springcress

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Hoary 02:18, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Lolita quotes
Sorry, but I removed the quotes from Lolita as I was worried about their legal status. Please look at the talk (aka discussion) page on the article, Talk:Lolita. -- Hoary 02:18, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)

Sorry for putting those quotes there, I did not realize that they violated fair use because I saw a quote section on the Jane Eyre page. Thanks for correcting my mistake. -- Springcress
 * Jane Eyre's in the public domain, of course. -- Hoary 15:08, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)

title: User talk:Springcress


text:
The Further Adventures of The Joker

The Further Adventures of The Joker (1990; Bantam Books, 457 pages) is an English paperback anthology of short fiction stories about Batman's archenemy the Joker. The material was written by various authors (see below), and the book was edited by Martin H. Greenberg. It was the follow-up to an earlier Batman anthology, The Further Adventures of Batman, and was followed by two later installments: The Further Adventures of Batman vol. 2 Featuring the Penguin and The Further Adventures of Batman vol. 3 Featuring Catwoman.

The stories in The Further Adventures of The Joker cover a wide range of topics and styles, with the title character, and his complicated relationship with the Batman, as the unifying theme; from tales of the Joker's childhood, to his current crimes, some of which Batman attempts to foil.

All of the works included in this anthology are considered to be "non-canonical", in relation to mainstream DC Comics continuity. Joe R. Lansdale's story "Belly Laugh, or The Joker's Trick or Treat" is notably a sequel to Lansdale's story from The Further Adventures of Batman.

Stories
<!--USELESS AS IT IS SO FAR

Jangletown
Written by Elizibeth Hand and Paul Witcover, the story is notable for its dark themes such as drug abuse and child prostitution, and for its characterization of the Joker as a predatory sadist and borderline pedophile.

The story begins with Batman having obtained the diary of a young hustler named Galen Starling accompanied by a short note written in green ink. In the diary Batman reads of the young man's addiction to the new designer drug 'Jangle', of his association with a dealer named Panic and his friendship with a younger addict named Toddy. Galen seems to be in a semi-hallucinatory state throughout the narrative due to his use of Jangle.

While they are hustling on the street, Toddy is approached by the Joker (although the boys are never aware of his name) sitting in the back of a green and purple limousine driven by an unseen associate, shuffling a deck of cards. Toddy solicits the Joker, who gives the boy a 'fix' and ushers him into his car. Galen is frightened by the Joker's appearance but asks the Joker if he can come too. The Joker refuses him, but promises that they will meet again soon.

Galen does not hear from Toddy again for some time, and comes to believe he might be dead. Then he meets Toddy while wandering near a canal. The young man has undergone a hideous transformation, as will be familiar to those with knowledge of the Joker's usual modus operandi: Toddy is in a catatonic state, and has a hideous grin fixed upon his face.

When Galen brings Toddy to Panic's 'gallery', the dealer grows furious and demands to know who is responsible. When Galen describes the Joker, Panic quickly silences him insisting he must keep quiet on the subject. Panic then murders Toddy in cold blood, which understandably enrages Galen. Galen attacks Panic and runs away, vowing to hunt down the grinning fiend he knows to be responsible for his friend's fate.

At this point in the narrative Batman realises that the diary has changed, the next entry is written by an elegant hand in bright green ink. In this entry the Joker describes how Galen finally manages to track him down and find his underground hideout. When he demands to know what happened to his friend, his is told Toddy was given 'What he wanted'. The Joker then continues to flirt with the young man and terrorize him with photographs of his past atrocities hung on the walls of his lair. He then produces a deck of cards which he proceeds to shuffle, drawing out various cards and making comparisons to Galen's fate. Eventually the distraught youth asks the Joker to explain who exactly he is, to which he receives the reply "I am your heart's desire, Galen." These are apparently the last words Galen hears before the Joker attacks him.

At the end of the narrative, Batman recalls how he discovered Galen Starling's mutilated body in an abandoned subway tunnel, smeared with paint, with a smile fixed on his face and a large 'R' carved on his chest, in a hideous parody of the death of Batman's former sidekick Jason Todd, the second Robin. Between the boy's dead fingers he finds a note, containing the final words of mockery from the Joker- Birds of a feather die together. -->

title: The Further Adventures of The Joker


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wenqian huang

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was

Wenqian huang
Obvious vanity, was created by User:Wenqianhuang and non-notable CunningLinguist 02:18, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, move content to User:Wenqianhuang. --Sn0wflake 02:23, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. Delete. - DS1953 02:26, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: vanity, non-notable. --Durin 04:08, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 06:27, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Article moved to userspace, deleted from main namespace.--nixie 10:26, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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File:AudioAdrenalineHitParade.jpg

Summary
The cover for Audio Adrenaline's album Hit Parade.

title: File:AudioAdrenalineHitParade.jpg


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Tiamat (Dungeons & Dragons)

Tiamat is a supremely strong and powerful 5-headed draconic goddess in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. The name is taken from Tiamat, a goddess in ancient Mesopotamian mythology. She is the queen and mother of evil dragons and a member of the default pantheon of Dungeons & Dragons gods. Her symbol is a five-headed dragon.

Dungeons & Dragons
The character was introduced to the game in its first supplement, Greyhawk (1975), by Gary Gygax and Rob Kuntz. In this book, she was only known as "the Dragon Queen" and "the Chromatic Dragon". She was described, but she did not yet have a personal name.

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons
The character appears in the first edition Monster Manual (1977). In this book, the Chromatic Dragon was given the personal name, "Tiamat" and is stated to rule "the first plane of the Nine Hells where she spawns all of evil dragonkind". Tiamat, the Chromatic Dragon, Queen of Evil Dragonkind, is further described in Dragon #38 (1980). In the first edition of Deities & Demigods (1980) she is mentioned under the entry for the Babylonian god Marduk ("His battles with Tiamat are legendary."), formally connecting her with the Babylonian Tiamat. Tiamat's role as ruler of Avernus, the first layer of the Nine Hells, is detailed in Ed Greenwood's article, "The Nine Hells Part I", in Dragon #75 (1983). Tiamat's role in the outer planes is detailed in the first edition Manual of the Planes (1987).

In module H4 The Throne of Bloodstone (1988), Bahamut tells the player characters that the Wand of Orcus can only be destroyed if it is "steeped in the black and foul blood from the heart of Tiamat, the Queen of Darkness", although if killed Tiamat and the wand will be removed from the current plane of existence for centuries, but will eventually return to existence.

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition
Tiamat was detailed as a deity in the book Monster Mythology (1992). Tiamat was later detailed as a deity for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting in the original Draconomicon (1990). Tiamat is also described in Cult of the Dragon (1998). Her role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in On Hallowed Ground (1996). Several draconic children of Tiamat are described in the article "Spawn of Tiamat, Children of Bahamut," in Dragon #260 (June 1999).

Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition
Tiamat appears in a preview article for the third edition, in Dragon #272 (June 2000). This information is later included in the Manual of the Planes (2001). She is also referenced in Faiths and Pantheons (2002) from the Forgotten Realms campaign setting. Tiamat is further detailed as a deity in Defenders of the Faith (2000) and Deities and Demigods (2002).

Dungeons & Dragons 3.5
Tiamat's priesthood and her role as a draconic deity are further detailed for this edition in Draconomicon: The Book of Dragons (2003), Complete Divine (2004), and Races of the Dragon (2006) Tiamat's role in the Nine Hells is revisited in Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells. (2006). The spawn of Tiamat were described in Monster Manual IV (2006) and Monster Manual V (2007).

Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition
Tiamat appears as one of the deities described in the Dungeon Master's Guide for this edition (2008). She is further detailed and has a stat block in Draconomicon: Chromatic Dragons (2008).

Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition
Tiamat again appears as one of the deities described in the Dungeon Master's Guide (2014) for this edition. She is the main villain in the first adventure story-line season for the edition as the Cult of the Dragon attempts to bring her from the Nine Hells to Faerûn. Her potential arrival is the conclusion to the adventures Hoard of the Dragon Queen (2014) and Rise of Tiamat (2014). These adventures were updated and rereleased as a single volume, titled Tyranny of Dragons (2019), for the fifth anniversary of 5th edition. Tyranny of Dragons was released in January 2023 with new cover art that features Tiamat.

The dragon focused supplement Fizban's Treasury of Dragons (2021) revisited the origin story of Tiamat and Bahamut and expanded on the First World myth which was introduced in the supplement Tasha's Cauldron of Everything (2020). James Wyatt, the lead designer for Fizban's Treasury of Dragons, stated that the book is a "neat-and-tidy unified theory of dragonkind in myth form" and establishes how versions of the same dragon are linked across the multiverse. Wyatt also commented that they "polished and refined the story of gem dragons' origin to clarify their relationship to Bahamut, Tiamat, and the overall history of dragonkind". The book includes a stat block called the "Aspect of Tiamat" – this iteration is an avatar of the god in Material Plane while Tiamat herself remains in the Nine Hells.

Dragonlance
In the Dragonlance campaign setting, Tiamat's equivalent is Takhisis, the Dark Queen. In the neo-pagan press, a series of books published by Oberon Zell-Ravenheart, looks at Takhisis in the Dragonlance world and compares her to the Babylonian and Dungeons & Dragons version of Tiamat. The book is written as a school book for young wizards and witches of the neo-pagan sort. Takhisis is described for her role in the wars of good vs. evil. This ultimate source of the theme of evil is discussed again in a presentation by Dr. Stefan Ekman of Lund University in Sweden. Dr. Ekman compares Takhisis and other fantasy "dark lords," such as Lord Foul and Sauron, to the biblical Satan. In particular he states, "Even though not all of the Dark Lords above signify the ultimate source of evil, Lord Foul, the Dark One, and Takhisis certainly do. And all of them are ultimately actants, characters whose raison d’être is to provide the final threat".

Forgotten Realms
In the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, Tiamat is one of the few surviving gods of the Untheric pantheon (based on Sumerian and Babylonian mythology), battled Marduk in ages past, and is also a member of the draconic pantheon, daughter of Io, the slayer of Gilgeam the God-king of Unther, "Nemesis of the Gods". In the 4th edition version of the Forgotten Realms, she is the sole survivor of the Untheric pantheon, and now spends most of her time as the goddess of chromatic dragons. Although Enlil, Gilgeam, and Nanna-Sin return for the 5th edition, Tiamat appears to have made no move to engage with them, preferring her draconic role and caring little about Unther.

Eberron
In the Eberron campaign setting, Tiamat is a bound demon lord from the Age of Demons, when dragons and couatl worked together to bind the children of Khyber beneath the earth. She now sits imprisoned in the Pit of Sorrows on the draconic continent of Argonnessen, birthing evil dragonspawn and corrupting the good dragons who watch over her prison.

Fictional description
Tiamat has been known to manifest as a dark-haired human sorceress. In most Dungeons & Dragons campaign settings, however, Tiamat is the five-headed queen of the evil chromatic dragons. She has one head for each customary color of chromatic dragon (black, blue, green, red, white), and each head has the powers of a member of the respective race of dragonkind. Her body is a blending of various chromatic dragon forms with an appropriately multicolored hide. Her body also has traits in common with a wyvern, including a long tail tipped with a poisonous stinger.

Tiamat was also one of the first deities to have aspects, or lesser avatars. These aspects may appear as powerful versions of her chromatic children or as versions of her own five-headed form. One such multiheaded aspect was released in the Dungeons & Dragons Miniatures expansion set War of the Dragon Queen, with detailed role-playing game statistics in Dragon Magic. A smaller aspect of Tiamat first appeared in the Miniatures Handbook.

Relationships
Like most other draconic deities, Tiamat is the offspring of the dragon creator deity Io. Tiamat is the eternal rival of her brother Bahamut, the ruler of the good metallic dragons. It is hinted that her overt hatred toward Bahamut has developed, over a vast period of time, into a twisted lust for her brother as well. She dwells in Avernus, the first layer of the Outer Plane of Baator (also known as the Nine Hells). The first edition of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons named her as the ruler of Avernus; later editions reserved the rulership of the layers of Baator for powerful baatezu (devils).

In many campaign settings, the draconic pantheon of gods consists of Io, Aasterinian, Bahamut, Chronepsis, Faluzure, Sardior, and Tiamat.

Three Baatezu nobles (granted to her by Bel) serve Tiamat and command her armies on Avernus. Malphas leads 40 companies of abishai, Amduscias leads 29 companies of abishai, and Goap leads three companies of erinyes. With Pearza of the Dark Eight, Tiamat created the first abishai.

Tiamat presently has five consorts, who are great wyrms of each chromatic dragon species. Previous consorts include Apsu, Kingsu, Ephelomon, the red dragon Etiol, and the now-undead dragon Dragotha. Three of Tiamat's children were detailed in Dragon #260. An-Ur, the Wandering Death, wanders the Ethereal Plane, devouring whole demiplanes. It supposedly sprang into being from Tiamat's "first breath", which may have been the name of one of her consorts, though An-Ur resembles no draconic species, except perhaps the ethereal moonstone dragons. Dhakoth the Corruptor was born on the Negative Energy Plane; its father is unknown. Mordukhavar the Reaver is the offspring of Tiamat and Cantrum of the Dark Eight. Kurtulmak is also her son, at least according to some myths.

Periodically Tiamat has battles with the Babylonian god Marduk, who dwells in Arcadia. She also battles Bahamut, her Lawful Good counterpart. Heironeous and Moradin also consider themselves her enemies. Tiamat claims not to need allies, although she has many pacts with Bel and with lawful evil deities such as Hextor.

In 4th Edition, Tiamat is at war with Zehir ever since she first invaded his realm of Tytherion. While the two gods are not openly fighting right now, they are far from allies; the current situation can mainly be regarded as a temporary cease-fire.

Realm
Tiamat's realm, known as the Dragonspawn Pits of Azharul or simply as Tiamat's lair, sprawls in a cluster of tall hills and mountains near a pillar made from the tormented heads of liars and a pit of maggots from which lemures emerge. One must fly or swim across the maggot pit to reach Tiamat's caves. Tiamat's lair contains the main gate to the second of the Nine Hells, Dis. To reach it, one must pass a chamber known as the Cave of Greed, which is filled with cursed treasure that compels the weak-willed to try to steal it. Tiamat has her own chamber within the complex, as do each of her five consorts, but it is possible to travel to Dis without disturbing her.

In the 4th edition cosmology, Tiamat shares the Astral Dominion of Tytherion, the Endless Night, with Zehir. Zehir was the original ruler, but Tiamat invaded intending to take the entire realm for herself. She successfully drove Zehir and his forces out of the caverns they loved, but she misjudged the strength and determination of the Midnight Serpent. The result is the bizarre allocation of Tytherion today: Tiamat rules the caves of Tytherion far beneath the skies and mountains she prefers, while Zehir rules the mountains above, far above the caverns and trenches his followers prefer. Although both would prefer to exchange their realms, they are too proud to actually do anything about it.

In the Forgotten Realms, Tiamat's realm is still located in the Nine Hells. She later grew in power to claim a realm of her own, but it was later destroyed. After a series of defeats and setbacks and seeing Bahamut rise in power, she pledged her allegiance to Bane and now resides in the Black Hand's realm of Banehold.

Cult
Tiamat is a greedy, vain, and arrogant goddess who embodies all the strengths of evil dragonkind, and few of their weaknesses. The Queen of Evil Dragons demands reverence, homage, supplication, and tribute from her subjects. She is sometimes called "Her Dark Majesty" or simply "Dark Queen". Tiamat is most concerned with spreading evil, defeating good, and propagating chromatic dragons. She never forgives a slight. Although she is not averse to razing the occasional village, her true schemes are subtle and hard to detect. She has been compared to a puppeteer manipulating her creations from within shadows.

Worship
Although she claims dominance over all evil dragons (and despite her misleading title, Queen of Chaos), Tiamat's priests, who are known as Wyrmlairds or Wyrmkeepers, are either neutral evil or lawful evil. Tiamat's church has a rigid hierarchy, beginning with the lowly Custodians of the Copper Chalice and continuing with, in ascending rank, the Defenders of the Silver Shield, Wardens of the Electrum Mail, Guardians of the Gold Scepter, Keepers of the Platinum Crown, Scales of the White Wyrm, Horns of the Black Beast, Wings of the Green Gargantua, Talons of the Blue Baatoran, Breaths of the Red Ravager, and the Dark Scaly Ones leading them all. The ceremonial garb of a humanoid priest of Tiamat is a form-fitting suit of scales. Dragons or those whose scales naturally cover their bodies do not require this. Adventuring garb typically includes scale mail, and priests are preoccupied with gathering treasure and undermining other faiths.

Few humans or other humanoids worship Tiamat, but her children, the chromatic dragons, all acknowledge her sovereignty. Blue and green dragons obey her most readily. The grotesque reptilian creatures known as the spawn of Tiamat worship her as their mother. Kobolds may also revere her as their progenitor. Prayers to the Dragon Queen focus on the promise of filling the world with evil dragons and either destroying it or dominating it utterly.

Rituals
Temples to Tiamat are often built within the lairs of long-dead dragons. They are filled with piles of wealth to be sacrificed to the Chromatic Dragon, as well as traps to keep out heretics and the unfaithful. Few dragons keep shrines to her in their own lairs, because they fear that she might notice their hoards and demand a portion thereof.

The two most important daily ceremonies are the Tithing and the Rite of Respect. The former is an offering of a small amount of treasure to the goddess; the tithe is cupped in the priest's hands or talons, and when a prayer is completed, the valuables have sometimes (10% of the time) simply vanished. The Rite of Respect is performed by non-dragons; it is a complicated ceremony of kow-towing in the presence of a dragon or other spawn of Tiamat. Evil dragons celebrate great victories by torturing prisoners and committing other atrocities in Tiamat's name.

Vorel
Tiamat's enmity with Bahamut dates back to their creation, when Io made them; they were made with the intention of becoming complements and mates, but their personalities were too much at odds. Tiamat murdered Vorel, their elder sibling, and tried to frame Bahamut for the deed. Io realized who was truly to blame and banished Tiamat from his presence.

The Violation of Tiamat's Lair
In one kobold creation myth, Kurtulmak owes his existence to an assault launched on Tiamat by an army of thieves shortly after she had laid a clutch of eggs. Badly injured and with her lair heavily damaged, she caused one of her eggs to hatch, thus creating Kurtulmak. The newly hatched godling quickly began creating a defensive perimeter of traps and restoring the caverns. During the process, Kurtulmak found an egg of Tiamat's that had fallen away from the nest and, deeming it had been away for too long to ever hatch naturally, used his magic to cause it to hatch, thus producing miniature versions of himself: the first kobolds.

The Banishment of Tiamat
Many myths claim that Tiamat lived for a long time on the Prime Material Plane, seeding it with evil dragons and dark magic. Eventually she was banished to the Nine Hells by Bahamut and a sky/sun god (perhaps Pelor or Heironeous).

Reception
Tiamat was also named as one of the greatest villains in Dungeons & Dragons history in Dragon #359, the magazine's final print issue. David M. Ewalt of Forbes calls Tiamat "the most fearsome dragon in D&D's history".

Her portrayal is sometimes called out as one that is stereotypical of female characters who are depicted as evil: shallow, lying, scheming, treacherous, envious. Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock, in the book The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters, highlighted the historical origins of Tiamat and on the Dungeons & Dragons depiction wrote "she is presented as the offspring of Io, the dragon creator deity. This greedy, vain, and arrogant goddess is in continuous rivalry with her brother Bahamut, probably a reference to Behemoth".

Tiamat has appeared on two Screen Rant top lists: #5 on "Dungeons & Dragons: The 15 Most Powerful Villains, Ranked" and #4 on "Dungeons & Dragons: 10 Most Powerful Dragons, Ranked". Matthew Guida highlighted that "As the goddess of all evil dragons, Tiamat is pretty much the antithesis to her twin brother Bahamut. [...] The worst part is that even if Tiamat is defeated, she will eventually return to spread chaos across the multiverse" and Scott Baird highlighted that "The tarrasque is currently the most powerful creature in the 5th edition of Dungeons & Dragons, where it is matched only by Tiamat in terms of its combat prowess".

Tiamat was #8 on CBR 's 2020 "10 Unique (& Powerful) Villains To Spice Up A High Level Dungeons & Dragons Campaign" list — the article states that "Tiamat has a stat block in D&D in the Tyranny of Dragons. She is not as powerful as some other gods, but she has dominion over dragons and can command them to do her bidding. That alone makes her a threat, but being a powerful dragon and a god only compounds this. [...] She is a solid choice if the party just wants to fight dragons".

On Tiamat's portrayal in Rise of Tiamat (2014), Alex Lucard, for DieHard GameFan, highlighted her stat block in 5th Edition and wrote: "Speaking of awesome. Do you like fighting dragons? [...] You can [...] even do battle with Tiamat herself". Lucard also highlighted her depiction on the cover of the book and wrote: "The glossy hardcover with a beautiful spread of Tiamat across both the front and back is something truly awesome to behold. My wife, who has never played a tabletop RPG in her life [...], recognized the D&D incarnation of Tiamat (as opposed to the Sumerian one) instantly and loved it. [...] There is a lot of power in a good cover". This cover received a gold ENnie Award for Best Cover Art. Michael Long, for Tribality, also highlighted Tiamat's 5th Edition stat block and, on the final battle with Tiamat, wrote: "Not only is Tiamat fighting you but there are lots of dragons, so the party might fail. [...] The DM should prepare for that possibility to have a group of high level characters try to save the world again if Tiamat rises".

The "Aspect of Tiamat" stat block in Fizban's Treasury of Dragons (2021) was highlighted as "absolutely terrifying" by The Gamer. ScreenRant comment that "it's unlikely that players will ever face her, as she's a CR 30 monster with over 1000 hit points". Brenton Stewart, for CBR, viewed the "Aspect of Tiamat" as too hard "for a new DM to run" due to the difficulty of balancing "top-level" encounters. Stewart wrote that "while the Tarrasque may have the same CR rating, Tiamat is a far greater threat requiring the full range of the game's ruleset. Tiamat manifests as a five-headed dragon immune to almost all damage types, cannot roll almost any saving throw at anything less than a 20, and can use Chromatic Wrath to regain 500 hit points if Tiamat is ever beaten. This combines with Mythic Actions [...] all while the Aspect of Tiamat breathes out a variety of its breath attacks that can straightforwardly devastate any defense". Mike Bernier, for the Arcane Eye, commented that the new design approach of simplified stat blocks "hurts the out-of-the-box playability" of monsters with a high CR rating such as the Great Wyrms and the Aspects of Bahamut and Tiamat. Bernier wrote that "I can’t see any circumstances where I would run the CR 30 Aspect of Tiamat over the one already published in Rise of Tiamat".

In other media

 * In the 1983-1985 Dungeons & Dragons TV series, Tiamat (voiced by Frank Welker) is a recurring threat to the protagonists, whenever she encounters them. In addition, Tiamat is described as the one being that the evil wizard Venger fears.
 * Various monsters called Tiamat, patterned after the Dungeons & Dragons character, have appeared in other fantasy games, particularly role-playing video games.
 * In the MMORPG Neverwinter, Tiamat is a main boss in the game's 2014 expansion Rise of Tiamat.
 * In the 2011 play She Kills Monsters, the final scene consists of a fight with Tiamat.

title: Tiamat (Dungeons & Dragons)


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Capital Group Companies

Capital Group is an American financial services company. It ranks among the world's oldest and largest investment management organizations, with over $2.6 trillion in assets under management. Founded in Los Angeles, California in 1931, it is privately held and has offices around the globe in the Americas, Asia, Australia and Europe.

Capital offers a range of products focused on active management, including more than 40 mutual funds through its subsidiary, American Funds Distributors, as well as separately managed accounts (or collective investment trusts), private equity, investment services for high net worth investors in the U.S., and a range of other offerings for institutional clients and individual investors globally.

History
In 1931, Jonathan Bell Lovelace founded the investment firm, Lovelace, Dennis & Renfrew, which would eventually become Capital Group. Lovelace had previously been a partner in the stock brokerage firm E.E. MacCrone, where he explored the concept of developing an open-end mutual fund. He eventually sold his stake in that company, just before the Wall Street Crash of 1929.

In 1933, Lovelace's firm took over management of The Investment Company of America, which he had launched at E.E. MacCrone in 1927. For the next 20 years, his firm enjoyed modest success. As mutual funds gained in popularity in the 1950s, Capital's roster of mutual funds grew.

The International Resources Fund, established in 1954, was Capital's first foray into international investing. A year earlier, Lovelace had established an international investment staff at the urging of his son, Jon Lovelace Jr. The establishment of the firm's first overseas research office in Geneva followed in 1962.

In 1958, Jon Lovelace Jr. introduced a new system of managing the firm's mutual funds and accounts. Rather than assign a portfolio to a single manager, he divided each portfolio among several managers. Each manager would share ideas with peers but have total discretion over a section of the portfolio. Known today as The Capital System, it avoids the phenomenon of creating single-manager "stars," who can impact a fund's results should they leave. In the mid-1960s, Capital began to include research analysts in the management of the portfolios, reserving a portion of each to allow analysts to pursue their highest conviction investment ideas.

Capital Group's long-term approach has helped it avoid some of the pitfalls that have plagued other firms. In the late 1990s, the firm was criticized for not offering then-popular tech funds. But when the tech bubble burst, Capital was praised for not jumping on the bandwagon.

Former British PM Theresa May's husband Philip May has worked as a relationship manager for the Capital Group.

Investments
As of 2019, Capital Group held 5% of BAE Systems, 9% of British American Tobacco, and 15.28% of ASML Holding.

Leadership
The chief executive is Tim Armour, who took over in 2015 after the death of James Rothenberg.

Strategies
Funds typically have between three and 13 managers, each managing a portion of the portfolio independently to reduce key person risk and provide diversity of thought. In addition to financial research, the managers may do on-the-ground due diligence, and in 2018 logged 12,400 visits to facilities such as factories. It has three independent divisions focused on equities: Capital World Investors, Capital Research Global Investors and Capital International Investors, as well as one focused on bonds, Capital Fixed Income Investors.

Funds
As of 2019, Capital Group had 36 mutual funds, which operate under their American Funds banner and had about US$1.9 trillion under management. Growth Fund of America, founded in 1973, was the largest actively-managed fund as of 2020 with around $150 billion.

In 2022, Capital Group introduced a suite of six exchange traded funds, five focused on equities and one focused on bonds and other fixed income.

Ownership
As of 2019, the company is owned by 450 partners.

Offices
Capital Group employs more than 7,500 associates worldwide. North American locations include Atlanta, Los Angeles, San Antonio, Indianapolis, New York, San Francisco, Toronto and Washington, D.C. As part of expansion plans in Europe, Capital Group established a presence in Frankfurt, Madrid, Milan and Zurich, adding to its offices in Geneva, London and Luxembourg. Its Asia offices include Beijing, Hong Kong, Mumbai, Singapore and Tokyo. Capital Group also has a growing presence in Sydney.

title: Capital Group Companies


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User:DuKot/State Congressional Delegation : Article

AL-FedRep AK-FedRep AZ-FedRep AR-FedRep CA-FedRep CO-FedRep CT-FedRep DE-FedRep FL-FedRep GA-FedRep HI-FedRep ID-FedRep IL-FedRep IN-FedRep IA-FedRep KS-FedRep KY-FedRep LA-FedRep ME-FedRep MD-FedRep MA-FedRep MI-FedRep MN-FedRep MS-FedRep MO-FedRep MT-FedRep NE-FedRep NV-FedRep NH-FedRep NJ-FedRep NM-FedRep NY-FedRep NC-FedRep ND-FedRep OH-FedRep OK-FedRep OR-FedRep PA-FedRep RI-FedRep SC-FedRep SD-FedRep TN-FedRep TX-FedRep UT-FedRep VT-FedRep VA-FedRep WA-FedRep WV-FedRep WI-FedRep WY-FedRep


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Bahai (disambiguation)

Bahai may refer to:

 * A follower of or pertaining to a follower of Baháʼu'lláh (However spelled as Baha'i)
 * Baháʼí Faith, sometimes called the Baháʼí World Faith or the Baháʼí International Community, the globally recognized Baháʼí community
 * Baháʼí Terraces also known as the Hanging Gardens of Haifa or Baháʼí gardens, part of the Baháʼí World Centre in Haifa, Israel
 * Shaykh Bahai, a 16th-century physician from Persia
 * Sheikh Bahaei University, an Iranian University named after Shaykh Baha'i
 * Bahai (Jurchen), a Jurchen chieftain of the Liao dynasty (926–1115) of Northern China
 * Bahai (Qing dynasty), a Manchu military commander of the Qing dynasty
 * Bahaï, Chad, a town in the Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Region of Chad
 * Takht Bahai, the remains of a famous 1st century Buddhist monastery
 * "Naina Neer Bahai", a song by A. R. Rahman, part of the soundtrack to the 2005 Indian film Water

title: Bahai (disambiguation)


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Abu Dawud al-Sijistani

Abū Dāwūd (Dā’ūd) Sulaymān ibn al-Ash‘ath ibn Isḥāq al-Azdī al-Sijistānī (أبو داود سليمان بن الأشعث الأزدي السجستاني), commonly known as Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī, was a scholar of prophetic hadith who compiled the third of the six "canonical" hadith collections recognized by Sunni Muslims, the Sunan Abu Dāwūd.

Biography
Born in Persia to an Arab family, Abū Dā’ūd was born in Sistan and died in 889 in Basra. He travelled widely collecting ḥadīth (traditions) from scholars in numerous locations including Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Hijaz, Tihamah, Nishapur and Merv. His focus on legal ḥadīth arose from a particular interest in fiqh (law). His collection included 4,800 ḥadīth, selected from some 500,000. His son, Abū Bakr ‘Abd Allāh ibn Abī Dā’ūd (died 928/929), was a well known ḥāfiẓ and author of Kitāb al-Masābīh, whose famous pupil was Abū 'Abd Allāh al-Marzubānī.

School of thought and Quotes
Imam Abu Dawud was a follower of Hanbali although some have considered him Shafi.

Imam Abu Dawud has stated: "From this book of mine four Hadith are sufficient for an intelligent and insightful person. They are:
 * Deeds are to be judged only by intentions.
 * Part of a man's good observance of Islam is that he leaves alone that which does not concern him.
 * None of you can be a believer unless you love for your brother that which you love for yourself.
 * The permitted (halal) is clear, and the forbidden (haram) is clear, between these two are doubtful matters. Whosoever abstains from these doubtful matters has saved his religion."

Works
Principal among his twenty-one works are:
 * Sunan Abu Dāwūd: contains 4,800 hadith – mostly sahih (authenticated), some marked ḍaʿīf (unauthenticated) – usually numbered after the edition of Muhammad Muhyi al-Din `Abd al-Hamid (Cairo: Matba`at Mustafa Muhammad, 1354 AH/1935 CE), where 5,274 are distinguished.  Islamic scholar Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, and some others, believe a number of the unmarked hadith are ḍaʿīf.
 * Kitab al-Marāsīl lists 600 extensively investigated sahih mursal hadith.
 * Risālat Abu Dāwūd ilā Ahli Makkah: letter to the people of Makkah describing his Sunan Abu Dāwūd collection.

title: Abu Dawud al-Sijistani


text:
Hit Parade (Audio Adrenaline album)

Hit Parade is Audio Adrenaline's first greatest hits album. It features fifteen hits from the band's previous albums, plus two new songs: "Will Not Fade" and "One Like You".

Reception
The album received favorable reviews from critics with John DiBiase, of Jesus Freak Hideout, giving it 4.5 stars out of 5. DiBiase classified it as "one of the best and most solid collections" he has heard while calling the two new songs as "superb". Dacia Blodgett-Williams, of AllMusic, gave the album 3 stars out of 5, writing that "while no doubt original in many aspects, all of Audio Adrenaline's music on this particular album began to sound alike after several tracks." She also classified the song "Get Down" as "the best introduction to the group, and perhaps the most original in its sound."

Personnel

 * Mark Stuart - lead vocals
 * Bob Herdman - guitars, keyboards
 * Will McGinniss - bass
 * Tyler Burkum - guitars
 * Ben Cissell - drums

title: Hit Parade (Audio Adrenaline album)


text: Category:Armenian chess players

title: Category:Armenian chess players