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James Calhoun (Atlanta politician)

James M. Calhoun (February 12, 1811 – October 1, 1875) was an American politician who served as the sixteenth mayor of Atlanta, Georgia during the American Civil War, best known as the recipient of Union General William T. Sherman's famous "war is cruelty" (often misquoted as "war is hell") letter.

Early life and education
Calhoun was born in South Carolina; his father was a cousin of Democrat John C. Calhoun. After the death of his parents when he was 18, he moved to Decatur, Georgia to live with his older brother Ezkiel N. Calhoun who was a lawyer. He began studying law in 1831 and passed the bar February 22, 1832. Politically, Calhoun was a Whig in a largely Democratic district but was still elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1837 from DeKalb County, and to the State Senate in 1851.

Mayor of Atlanta
In 1852, Calhoun moved to Atlanta, where ten years later he served four one-year terms as its mayor.

In 1863, he commissioned a volunteer militia to defend his city. When Union troops under the command of William T. Sherman drew near during the Atlanta campaign, much of the population of Atlanta, including Calhoun's wife and children, fled the city. This reduced the population of Atlanta from around 22,000 to less than 3,000 when the Confederate Army of Tennessee retreated from the city on September 1, 1864.

Calhoun surrendered the city to Union forces under Sherman on September 2, 1864, writing, "Sir: The fortune of war has placed Atlanta in your hands. As mayor of the city I ask protection of non-combatants and private property." A marker now stands at the corner of Peachtree Street and Alabama Street indicating where the surrender took place. Sherman replied by ordering the evacuation of the remaining civilian population of Atlanta on September 7, 1864. Calhoun and the city council protested this order, claiming that most of those who had not fled could not leave on account of their age, sickness, pregnancy, or destitution. In response, Sherman wrote back, accusing the Confederates of hypocrisy for invading Union territory and inflicting pains on American citizens, but only complaining when the reverse was done to them:

"Gentleman: I have your letter of the 11th, in the nature of a petition to revoke my orders removing all the inhabitants from Atlanta. I have read it carefully, and give full credit to your statements of distress that will be occasioned, and yet shall not revoke my orders, because they were not designed to meet the humanities of the cause, but to prepare for the future struggles in which millions of good people outside of Atlanta have a deep interest. We must have peace, not only at Atlanta, but in all America. To secure this, we must stop the war that now desolates our once happy and favored country. To stop war, we must defeat the rebel armies which are arrayed against the laws and Constitution that all must respect and obey. To defeat those armies, we must prepare the way to reach them in their recesses, provided with the arms and instruments which enable us to accomplish our purpose. Now, I know the vindictive nature of our enemy, that we may have many years of military operations from this quarter; and, therefore, deem it wise and prudent to prepare in time. The use of Atlanta for warlike purposes in inconsistent with its character as a home for families. There will be no manufacturers, commerce, or agriculture here, for the maintenance of families, and sooner or later want will compel the inhabitants to go. Why not go now, when all the arrangements are completed for the transfer, instead of waiting till the plunging shot of contending armies will renew the scenes of the past month? Of course, I do not apprehend any such things at this moment, but you do not suppose this army will be here until the war is over. I cannot discuss this subject with you fairly, because I cannot impart to you what we propose to do, but I assert that our military plans make it necessary for the inhabitants to go away, and I can only renew my offer of services to make their exodus in any direction as easy and comfortable as possible. You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it; and those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses and maledictions a people can pour out. I know I had no hand in making this war, and I know I will make more sacrifices to-day than any of you to secure peace. But you cannot have peace and a division of our country. If the United States submits to a division now, it will not stop, but will go on until we reap the fate of Mexico, which is eternal war. The United States does and must assert its authority, wherever it once had power; for, if it relaxes one bit to pressure, it is gone, and I believe that such is the national feeling. This feeling assumes various shapes, but always comes back to that of Union. Once admit the Union, once more acknowledge the authority of the national Government, and, instead of devoting your houses and streets and roads to the dread uses of war, I and this army become at once your protectors and supporters, shielding you from danger, let it come from what quarter it may. I know that a few individuals cannot resist a torrent of error and passion, such as swept the South into rebellion, but you can point out, so that we may know those who desire a government, and those who insist on war and its desolation. You might as well appeal against the thunder-storm as against these terrible hardships of war. They are inevitable, and the only way the people of Atlanta can hope once more to live in peace and quiet at home, is to stop the war, which can only be done by admitting that it began in error and is perpetuated in pride. We don't want your Negroes, or your horses, or your lands, or any thing you have, but we do want and will have a just obedience to the laws of the United States. That we will have, and if it involved the destruction of your improvements, we cannot help it. You have heretofore read public sentiment in your newspapers, that live by falsehood and excitement; and the quicker you seek for truth in other quarters, the better. I repeat then that, by the original compact of government, the United States had certain rights in Georgia, which have never been relinquished and never will be; that the South began the war by seizing forts, arsenals, mints, custom-houses, etc., etc., long before Mr. Lincoln was installed, and before the South had one jot or title of provocation. I myself have seen in Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, hundreds and thousands of women and children fleeing from your armies and desperadoes, hungry and with bleeding feet. In Memphis, Vicksburg, and Mississippi, we fed thousands and thousands of the families of rebel soldiers left on our hands, and whom we could not see starve. Now that war comes to you, you feel very different. You deprecate its horrors, but did not feel them when you sent car-loads of soldiers and ammunition, and moulded shells and shot, to carry war into Kentucky and Tennessee, to desolate the homes of hundreds and thousands of good people who only asked to live in peace at their old homes, and under the Government of their inheritance. But these comparisons are idle. I want peace, and believe it can only be reached through union and war, and I will ever conduct war with a view to perfect an early success. But, my dear sirs, when peace does come, you may call on me for any thing. Then will I share with you the last cracker, and watch with you to shield your homes and families against danger from every quarter. Now you must go, and take with you the old and feeble, feed and nurse them, and build for them, in more quiet places, proper habitations to shield them against the weather until the mad passions of men cool down, and allow the Union and peace once more to settle over your old homes in Atlanta.

Yours in haste,

W.T. Sherman, Major-General commanding"

Union soldiers under Sherman occupied the city for two months and burned much of it on November 15, 1864, in preparation for the March to the Sea.

Burial place
Calhoun is buried in Oakland Cemetery. His son, William Lowndes Calhoun, served as Atlanta's mayor in the 1870s.

title: James Calhoun (Atlanta politician)


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Wikipedia:Peer review/Democratic Labour Party (Trinidad and Tobago)/archive1

Democratic Labour Party (Trinidad and Tobago)
This is the first article that I am submitting for peer review. I'd like feedback on content and style. What would it need to become an FAC (other than having fewer redlinks). Thanks. Guettarda 18:39, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * A picture would be good, perhaps of a former leader or their logo. A section on what happened to the members- ie which parties rose from the ashes of this might be intersting too if it is possible. Some more informtion on their policy and how it differed from the ruling party would be good too. Since you seem to be working on a few of these you might want to make a series template like PoliticsUS or Politics of Australia to tie them all together--nixie 00:49, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the input. I have made some of the changes (I can't find the party logo, can't even recall what it looks like).  I'm going to put it up as an FAC and see what happens.  Guettarda 23:25, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Talk:Democratic Labour Party (Trinidad and Tobago)

Image copyright problem with Image:Rudranath Capildeo.jpg
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 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

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Talk:Fairfield High School (New South Wales)

Untitled
For a May 2005 deletion debate over this page see Votes for deletion/Fairfield high School

Title
In the same line as how suburbs have "New South Wales" appended to the end, should this be located at Fairfield High School, New South Wales instead? Enochlau 08:59, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Changes made and Moved to a new section
I have made adequate changes adding new information. I use to attend this school and left. --augrunt 14:19, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Staff Information?
Why is staff information there? Sr13 01:57, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

About Fairfield High School
This section is taken verbatim from the school's website. I didn't want to remove it, but I believe it should be rewritten. Any takers? Literacola 02:20, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 04:00, 5 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Fairfield High School Logo.png


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Harry von Zell

Harry Rudolph von Zell (July 11, 1906 – November 21, 1981) was an American announcer of radio programs, and an actor in films and television shows. He is best remembered for his work on The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show.

Early years
Harry von Zell was born July 11, 1906, in Indianapolis, Indiana, the elder child of Iva Clara (née Gohn) and Harry Adolph von Zell. Von Zell's father was a sports reporter for the Indianapolis Star. The family moved to Sioux City, Iowa, where von Zell graduated from high school. Later, the family moved to California, where he studied music and drama at the University of California, Los Angeles, and worked at a variety of jobs. After friends tricked him into singing on a radio program, he began receiving offers from radio stations, and his career in that medium began.

Announcing
Von Zell broke into show business as a singer and announcer at radio station KMIC in Inglewood, California, in the mid-1920s. In late 1926, von Zell sang on the "Times de Luxe Program" on KHJ in Los Angeles, and was eventually employed as the manager of KMTR Los Angeles, moving to KGB San Diego in January 1929. Auditioning for Paul Whiteman's radio show later that year, he was chosen from a field of 250 announcers. When that series came to an end in 1930, he headed for New York and became a CBS staff announcer, working with Fred Allen, Phil Baker, Eddy Duchin and Ed Wynn. He also announced The Aldrich Family, The Amazing Mr. Smith, and The March of Time. During the 1920s and 1930s, von Zell served as announcer on some 20 shows a week.

His longest-running radio partnership was his nine seasons with veteran comedian Eddie Cantor. From October 1940 to June 1949, von Zell served as Cantor's commercial spokesperson and straight man. Then, as Cantor cast member Dinah Shore's solo career began to blossom, she brought von Zell in as announcer on her Birds Eye Open House program.

As a young announcer, von Zell made a memorable verbal slip in 1931 when he referred to then U.S. President Herbert Hoover as "Hoobert Heever" during a live tribute on Hoover's birthday. Hoover was not present at this tribute. Von Zell's blooper came at the end of a lengthy summation of Hoover's career, during which von Zell had pronounced the President's name correctly several times. Some mistakenly believe Hoover was present when the incident occurred, because of a re-enactment fabricated by Kermit Schafer for his Pardon My Blooper record album, a number of years later.

Music
Von Zell was the vocalist for the first recording session of Charlie Barnet's musical career. A session on October 9, 1933, has von Zell singing, "I Want You, I Need You" (which was remade on October 25, 1933), as well as "What Is Sweeter (Than the Sweetness of 'I Love You')?".

In 1941 von Zell sang on NBC's popular "jam session" program The Chamber Music Society of Lower Basin Street. He and three other staff announcers became an impromptu barbershop quartet, with von Zell offering commentary in a florid, Victorian style.

Radio comedy
As an actor, von Zell appeared on The Joan Davis Show as the love interest of the character played by Verna Felton. When he entered a room, Felton would often shout excitedly, "Why, Mr. von Zellllllllllll!" After this, von Zell headlined his short-lived radio program, The Smiths of Hollywood, which featured Arthur Treacher and Jan Ford (who would later become Howard Hughes' paramour under the name Terry Moore).

Film
As a film actor, von Zell appeared in at least 28 features and his series of slapstick comedy shorts for Columbia Pictures (1946–50). His film debut came in 1943, when he provided the offscreen narration for four entries in the Flicker Flashbacks series of silent-film satires. His face was first seen on screen in feature films of 1945. His movies included The Saxon Charm, Dear Wife, Son of Paleface, Two Flags West, and For Heaven's Sake.

Television
Von Zell worked in the early days of television, in 1931 describing boxing matches on experimental television boxing broadcasts. Nearly 20 years later, the exposure von Zell received from the Columbia comedies led to his being hired for television shows as the medium began to reach a mass audience. In early 1950, he had his first major television exposure as announcer and spokesman for Pabst Blue Ribbon beer on Jackie Gleason's The Life of Riley.

In September 1951, at the beginning of the second television season of The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show, he replaced the first season's announcer, Bill Goodwin, who had also announced the Burns & Allen radio show for many years. Appearing under his name (as Goodwin had), Harry von Zell continued to play the befuddled friend of the Burns family, and the show-within-a-show's announcer, until 1958, the year of Gracie Allen's retirement and the series' conclusion. Though ostensibly playing himself, the Von Zell character on the show was single; in real life, Von Zell was married with two children.

During the 1958-59 television season, von Zell continued working with George Burns on his short-lived 25-week NBC sitcom, The George Burns Show. That same year, he wrote the teleplays for four episodes of NBC's Wagon Train, appearing in one of them. In 1959 he joined comedian George Gobel, announcing his single-season half-hour program on CBS. During 1960-61, he appeared in five episodes of the television series Bachelor Father as Frank Curtis, a good friend of Bentley Gregg (played by John Forsythe).

Von Zell appeared in the Perry Mason episodes "The Case of the Ancient Romeo" (1962), and as the murderer Sidney Hawes in "The Case of the Libelous Locket" (1963). He was cast in an episode of NBC's western series, The Tall Man, and appeared in an episode of McHale's Navy as Admiral Parker, the uncle of Tim Conway's character Ensign Parker. Von Zell's last appearance was on an episode of Ellery Queen in 1975.

Von Zell delivered the commentary on Celebrity Golf, a series of half-hour, nine-hole golf matches made in 1960 with Sam Snead taking on such Hollywood celebrities as Dean Martin, Jerry Lewis and Bob Hope at Los Angeles golf courses such as Woodland Hills and Lakeside Country Club. Those matches were rerun in recent years on the Golf Channel.

In his later years, von Zell was a commercial spokesman for Los Angeles-based savings and loan association Home Savings of America. In 1976 he was one of the many leading radio announcers who participated in a television special, The Good Old Days of Radio.

Death
Von Zell died of cancer on November 21, 1981, aged 75, at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California. Von Zell's body was cremated by the Neptune Society and the ashes were scattered in the sea.

Radio credits

 * Stars in the Air - Episode: "Weekend for Three" (1952)

title: Harry von Zell


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Allen Lambert

Allen Thomas Lambert (28 December 1911 – 25 October 2002) was a Canadian banker who served from 1960 to 1972 as president and from 1961 to 1978 as chairman of the Toronto-Dominion Bank.

Junior to General Manager
Fresh from high school at the age of fifteen, Allen Lambert joined a Victoria, British Columbia branch of the Bank of Toronto in 1927 as an $8-per-week junior clerk. He was recognized as a promising banker early in his career. His first manager reported that the young Lambert was "doing very well and seems to have a good grasp of his work. This boy has a good future." Promoted to Accountant in a Vancouver branch, he moved on to Brockville and then to the foreign exchange department at the Montreal main branch. He later observed that "We always tried to read something into every move and it was generally thought that if you were selected to go to Montreal someone had noticed you." After service as a naval officer in the North Atlantic during World War II, Lambert became manager of the Yellowknife branch during the gold boom of the late 1940s, and then began a rapid rise through the ranks. He became Assistant General Manager in 1953 and was one of those most intimately involved in the negotiations for the merger of the Bank of Toronto and the Dominion Bank in 1955. As General Manager of the new Toronto-Dominion Bank he managed the delicate business of uniting two corporate cultures and building a style and image for a renewed and ambitious organization.

Chief Executive Officer
Allen Lambert became President of The Toronto-Dominion Bank (TD) in 1960 and Chairman the following year. The bank was not in the first rank of financial institutions at that time, and he later recalled "we had all gone through a period of frustration at being smaller than the others, and not being quite able to compete fully." Over the eighteen years of Lambert's leadership, TD became Canada's fastest growing bank and a major presence on the international financial scene. Lambert toured the world seeking business opportunities, opening local offices, and building solid relationships with major clients. He was a tireless promoter of customer service, ensuring the Bank was an innovator in technology, and promoted progressive training and benefit programs for employees. He started TD's corporate art program and, as a centennial project in 1967, developed one of Canada's foremost collections of Inuit art. He combined a demanding life in business with a remarkable record of public and community service, chairing royal commissions and federal advisory bodies, serving as a member of international organizations, and acting as a frequent speaker and essayist on economic issues. Shortly before his retirement in 1976 he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in recognition of his contributions to national life.

The TD Centre
Allen Lambert's most visible achievement, and a source of great personal pride, was the construction of the Toronto Dominion Centre. He viewed it as a tangible statement of the Bank's position in the forefront of industry. After rejecting a number of design proposals, Lambert turned to the great German/American architect Mies van der Rohe to develop a plan for a complex of buildings that would revolutionize the Toronto landscape. Now considered a Mies masterwork, the Centre is a lasting testament to Lambert's vision and imagination. William Thorsell, CEO of the Royal Ontario Museum, wrote in a tribute to Allen Lambert: "For those who build, it is not a question of whether a legacy remains, but what its quality is. In Athens, in the Yucatan, in Paris, architecture still speaks eloquently centuries after so much else of value is gone. In 1967, a banker insisted that Toronto be remembered with respect."

Honours
In 1976, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.

He was named to the Canadian Business Hall of Fame in the Class of 1985.

Over 170 Order of the Business Hall of Fame Companions serve as inspiring examples for all young Canadians and are featured in a display in the Allen Lambert Galleria located at Brookfield Place in Toronto, Ontario.

Additionally, he received numerous honorary degrees from several of the major Canadian institutions.

title: Allen Lambert


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bamfer Productions

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 14:13, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Bamfer Productions
Fairly obvious self-promotion (it was created by Bamfer23), non-notable film company. It has an entry in IMDB ... for a three-minute film. Brenton 18:40, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No auto-biographies. Niteowlneils 15:44, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete self promotion. JamesBurns 09:54, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Mariko Yoshida

Mariko Morita (盛田 万里子), better known by her ring name Mariko Yoshida (吉田 万里子), is a Japanese retired professional wrestler. She is best known for her work with the ARSION professional wrestling promotion, where she was also head trainer.

Professional wrestling career
Yoshida debuted for All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling (AJW or Zenjo) on October 10, 1988 at Tokyo's Korakuen Hall in a match against Keiko Waki. Before her neck injury in late 1992, which would cause her to miss two years of ring time, Yoshida was easily one of the best young stars in AJW, often showcasing Lucha Libre-inspired aerial maneuvers to go along with her mat-work skills.

In 1997, she left AJW to join Aja Kong's Arsion promotion, becoming their head trainer. There she was repackaged as a technical wrestling master, and pushed as a major star. She has been nicknamed ARSION no Shinjutsu, or "Arsion True Heart". Forgoing the high-flying techniques of her run in Zenjo, her style in Arsion was centered on mat wrestling and submission holds derived from shoot wrestling, along with more elaborate lucha-inspired submissions.

In June 2005, she launched Ibuki, a bi-monthly event series, with her intention to provide opportunities for young, up and coming wrestlers from different promotions to compete with each other and to challenge senior wrestlers like Yoshida herself. Ibuki has now gained high reputation among joshi puroresu fans in Japan.

In 2006, Yoshida was presented with the Cauliflower Alley Club's Future Legend Award, becoming only the second female after Cheerleader Melissa, to win this award.

Yoshida retired from professional wrestling on November 19, 2017, losing to her trainee Hiroyo Matsumoto in her final match.

Professional wrestling style and persona
Yoshida employed a submission-based style, based on her shoot wrestling training. Yoshida is the innovator of two finishing moves, an over-the-shoulder back-to-belly piledriver, which she calls the Air Raid Crash and a headscissors shoulder lock, which she has named the Spider Twist. Among her signature moves are the arm wrench inside cradle, a Cross armbar, sometimes proceeded by an Oklahoma roll, a lifting double underhook facebuster, a running big boot and a triangle choke. She uses "Fable" by Robert Miles as her theme song.

Championships and accomplishments

 * All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling
 * AJW Championship (1 time)
 * AJW Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Takako Inoue (2) and Rie Tamada (1)
 * Arsion
 * Queen of Arsion Championship (3 times)
 * Twin Star of Arsion Championship (2 times) – with Aja Kong (1) and Lioness Asuka (1)
 * Zion '98
 * BattlARTS
 * King And Queens Tournament (2000) – with Alexander Otsuka and Yumi Fukawa
 * Cauliflower Alley Club
 * Future Legend Award (2006)
 * ChickFight
 * ChickFight II
 * ChickFight III
 * Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
 * CMLL World Women's Championship (1 time)

title: Mariko Yoshida


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Thomas Lowe (politician)

Thomas F. Lowe (January 15, 1812 – November 18, 1875) was a Georgia musician, businessman, and politician who served as the acting mayor of Atlanta, during the early part of the American Civil War.

In 1858, T. F. Lowe was elected as an alderman representing Atlanta's Second Ward. Lowe and fellow future Atlanta mayor William Ezzard were among a group of investors that chartered the Atlanta Mutual Insurance and Stock Company in 1859.

In November 1861, he took over as Atlanta's mayor after incumbent Jared Whitaker was appointed to head the commissary and logistics activities for Georgia's state troops. He was not a candidate for election to a full term, and was succeeded by James M. Calhoun. He was commissioned as a colonel in the Georgia state militia. As a violin soloist, he was a local favorite and played many recitals in Atlanta and Decatur, even during the war.

Lowe died in Mount Airy, Georgia, and is buried in Atlanta's Oakland Cemetery.

title: Thomas Lowe (politician)


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David Watson (footballer, born 1946)

David Vernon Watson (born 5 October 1946) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender. During his club career, he played for Notts County, Rotherham United, Sunderland, Manchester City, Werder Bremen, Southampton, Stoke City, Vancouver Whitecaps and Derby County. Watson is regarded as one of Sunderland's greatest defenders of all time.

He won 65 caps with the England national team and was captain on three occasions.

Club career
Watson was born in Stapleford, Nottinghamshire, and started his career in 1966 as a striker with hometown club Notts County making 26 appearances in two seasons, before moving to Second Division Rotherham United in 1968. Watson was signed by Tommy Docherty in a player exchange deal which involved Keith Pring going to Notts County and the Millers paying £1,000. He was thrust into a relegation battle with Rotherham in 1967–68 which was unsuccessful and led to Docherty's departure. After four seasons at Millmoor where he made 141 appearances and scored 21 goals, he caught the attention of Sunderland manager Alan Brown who paid £100,000 for his services in December 1970.

At Roker Park, Watson began at centre forward, which many believed hindered their chances of gaining promotion. It was not until Bob Stokoe took over in November 1972 that Watson began to play at centre back. Sunderland reached the 1973 FA Cup final where they beat First Division Leeds United 1–0; he was able to keep Leeds's strike pairing of Allan Clarke and Mick Jones quiet and was praised by Stokoe. Following Sunderland's cup success the expectation was now for the club to gain promotion but they missed out by two points in both 1973–74 and 1974–75.

In the summer of 1975, Watson joined First Division Manchester City for a fee of £175,000 in a deal which saw Jeff Clarke move the other way. Watson spent four seasons at Maine Road which saw Man City miss out on the title in 1976–77 by one point. They did win the League Cup in 1976 beating Newcastle United 2–1. He left Manchester City in the summer of 1979 for German Bundesliga side Werder Bremen. His time at Bremen was short as after making his debut in a 1–0 win over Bayer Uerdingen he was sent off in his second match against 1860 Munich for "pushing" Hermann Bitz and banned by the German FA for eight weeks. He was fined by his club and refused to travel to an away match against FC Schalke 04 because of an injury before turning up to play for England.

He returned to England by October with Southampton. Watson played 31 games in 1979–80 and 44 games in 1980–81 as the Saints finished 8th and 6th respectively. However, he was dropped by Lawrie McMenemy during the next season and he joined Stoke City in January 1982. He played 24 times for Stoke in 1981–82 helping them to avoid relegation. He then played 40 times in 1982–83 as Stoke finished in a mid-table position of 13th. Watson spent the summer of 1983 with the Vancouver Whitecaps. He spent as season on loan at Derby County where he made 34 appearances. Watson ended his league career at his first club Notts County, but continued playing into his 40s at non-league club Kettering Town.

International career
Less than a year after the FA Cup victory and despite playing in the Second Division, he was given his debut for England in a friendly game against Portugal in Lisbon. Watson – quite advanced in years for a debutant at 27 – was one of six first-timers on show (among the others were Trevor Brooking) in what would prove to be 1966 World Cup-winning manager Alf Ramsey's last game in charge. Later in 1974, Watson won his second cap in a 2–0 defeat by Scotland at Hampden Park, Glasgow, coming on as a substitute for Norman Hunter. His first competitive game at international level was his seventh appearance in all as England defeated Czechoslovakia 3–0 at Wembley in a qualifier for the 1976 European Championships. Despite this scoreline, England would not ultimately qualify for the finals while the Czechoslovak team would go on to win it. Watson did not miss another England game until 1980.

During the same year, Watson's establishment as England's first choice central defender was galvanised by a 4–3 victory over Denmark in Copenhagen which set the seal on a qualification for UEFA Euro 1980 – England's first major tournament qualification for a decade. Watson continued his England career, earning his 50th cap against Argentina in a warm-up game prior to the European Championships in Italy. Watson duly played in all three of England's group games – against Belgium, Italy and Spain – but a draw, defeat and victory respectively was not enough for England to progress. His final appearance for England came against Iceland in June 1982 having gained 65 caps. He was excluded from the squad for the 1982 FIFA World Cup, with manager Ron Greenwood selecting only three central defenders, Phil Thompson, Terry Butcher and Steve Foster. He did however, appear in the video for "This Time We'll Get It Right", England's 1982 World Cup song. Watson remains the most-capped England player never to play in a World Cup finals match.

Personal life
Born in Stapleford, just west of Nottingham, he played youth football for Stapleford Old Boys and left school to work as a farm labourer and then as an electrician. His elder brother, Peter, was also a professional footballer.

In February 2020, it was reported that Watson, aged 73, was suffering from a neurodegenerative disease with his wife, Penny, suspecting that "head injuries and repeated heading of the ball" were the cause.

Honours
Sunderland
 * FA Cup: 1972–73

Manchester City
 * Football League Cup: 1975–76

England
 * British Home Championship: 1973–74 (shared), 1974–75, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1981–82

Individual
 * PFA Team of the Year: 1973–74 Second Division, 1974–75 Second Division, 1978–79 First Division, 1979–80 First Division

title: David Watson (footballer, born 1946)


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Topsham, Devon

Topsham (, also ) is a town in Devon, England, located on the east side of the River Exe, immediately north of its confluence with the River Clyst and the former's estuary, between Exeter and Exmouth. Topsham is a historic port and was designated a town by a 1300 royal charter granted by Edward I; it was formally amalgamated into the City of Exeter in 1966. The population of the town, recorded at the 2021 census, is 4,146.

The town is served by Topsham railway station, about midway on the branch line from Exeter Central to Exmouth, now called the Avocet Line. 2011 saw the 150th anniversary of the railway coming to Topsham.

The electoral ward of Topsham extends further northwest and includes the east half of Countess Wear as well as the new suburb of Newcourt. The population of the ward, recorded at the 2021 census, is 10,038.

Topsham’s picturesque setting, range of independent shops, and lively community life makes it is one of the most desirable places to live in the South West of England.

History
The native Celtic settlement of Topsham became the port of the Roman city of Isca Dumnoniorum (Exeter) in the first century AD, and continued to serve it until the Roman occupation of southern Britain ceased about the year 400. In the 7th century, Saxon rule in East Devon saw the settlement grow into a considerable village.

St Margaret's Anglican church in Topsham dates back to the 10th century. Although reconstructed several times, it remains in its original location as granted in 937 by King Æthelstan, who gave "a parcel of land, i.e. a manse, which the vulgar called Toppesham, to the monastery Church of St Mary and St Peter in Exeter, for the cure of his soul, to have in eternal freedom so long as the Christian Church shall endure."

The manor of Topsham was granted by King Henry I to Richard de Redvers and became part of his feudal barony of Plympton. The estate, or sub-manor of Weare was part of this. The Weare manor house, built in Georgian style by Sir John Duckworth, 1st Baronet in about 1804, is now the club house of Exeter Golf and Country Club.

Topsham was granted a royal charter in August 1300, allowing the town to hold a street market and annual fayre; in recent times, a 'Charter Day' festival is held in the town on a day in August, to celebrate this.

Topsham's position, offering a sheltered harbour to seagoing trade, enabled it to thrive as a port, a centre for both fishing and shipbuilding. Notable ships such as HMS Terror (part of Franklin's lost expedition) and HMS Cyane (1806) (later known as the USS Cyane after capture by the American Navy) were built here in the early 19th century.

The manor of Topsham was a part of the jointure lands granted to Anne of Denmark, wife of James VI and I, in 1603. She had admiralty rights at the port. In July 1606 a cargo of tobacco from Venezuela, shipped from Trinidad in the Delight, was unloaded at Topsham. The foreign owner of the cargo died while riding to Exeter. Anne of Denmark became the owner of the tobacco. The town was the scene of a notable Parliamentarian naval assault during the English Civil War.

There are many Dutch-style houses in Topsham dating from the time when Topsham was an important cotton port. Many of Topsham's houses are built using Dutch bricks, which were brought over as ballast from the Netherlands – whereto the wool and cotton from South West England had been exported.

Topsham was absorbed into the City of Exeter local government district, along with the parishes of Alphington and Pinhoe, in 1966; they had previously been part of St Thomas Rural District. In 1977, the section of the M5 motorway that passes through the western edge of the town and crosses the River Exe, and which remains to this day the final section of the M5, was completed.

After a period of decline over the first half of the 20th century, Topsham has increasingly become a desirable and high-value residential location. The 21st century has seen development in the 'Topsham Gap' – greenfield land between Topsham and Exeter; the town's population has grown from 3,545 in 2001, to 3,730 in 2011, to 4,146 in 2021.

Today
Formerly a major seaport, the town is now of interest for its architecture, scenery and proximity to nature reserves for wading and migrating birds, such as RSPB Bowling Green Marsh on the Exe Estuary, the whole of which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).

Topsham Museum is located in one of a set of 17th century buildings looking out over the Exe Estuary. It consists of furnished period rooms, displays of the local history of the town and memorabilia of Vivien Leigh, the film star.

In 2021, the Sunday Times national newspaper named Topsham "one of the best places to live".

National Cycle Route 2 passes through the town. In November 2013, a new bridge opened that forms part of a new route for cyclists and pedestrians which crosses the River Clyst and connects the town with Ebford and Exton.

Name and pronunciation

The name is an Anglo-Saxon one, and means Toppa's village, Toppa having been the local landowner.

There are two pronunciations of the town's name. Generally it is referred to as with the sh sounded as in shoe. The local pronunciation, especially amongst older residents, is with an s rather than sh sound.

In the United States, Topsham, Maine and Topsham, Vermont were named for the English town.

Sport
Topsham's local football club is Topsham Town FC, a non-league side playing in the Devon Football League. Topsham Rugby Club has two men's senior sides, one women's senior side and over 200 juniors making it one of the largest "junior" clubs in the South West. Topsham's men's team secured promotion in the 21/22 season before following it up a year later winning the league to be promoted again. This coupled with winning the Devon Intermediate Cup by beating Tiverton helped the club record its best ever season. The town also has a bowling club, an outdoor swimming pool, a cricket club (Topsham St. James CC) and a sailing club.

Community and recreation
One of the main focal points of the town is Topsham Pool. Topsham Pool is a community run project in the centre of the town. It was funded by a large fundraising exercise in the 1970s which included collecting waste paper and glass bottles, jumble sales and donations. A Sports Council grant completed the fund raising effort and, in 1979, the pool was opened by Olympic gold medallist swimmer David Wilkie. Topsham Pool is an open-air pool and, as a result, is only open between May and September. Between 6 am and 8.30 am each morning, the Pool welcomes the Nutters Club – a group that swims when the outside temperature is likely to be at its coolest.

In response to what had been described in the early 1960s as "a period of genteel decline", The Topsham Society was formed. The objectives of the Topsham Society are "To promote high standards of planning and architecture in or affecting Topsham; to educate the public in the geography, history, natural history and architecture of Topsham; to secure the preservation protection development and improvement of features of historic or public interest in Topsham". The Society currently has around 400 members.

In addition to St Margaret's Anglican church, there is also a Methodist church situated in Fore Street, a Congregational Church situated in Victoria Road, and a Roman Catholic church, dedicated to the Holy Cross, which meets in Station Road.

The Bridge Inn is a grade II listed public house at Bridge Hill, that dates to the 18th century. It is on the Campaign for Real Ale's National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors. It was visited by Elizabeth II in 1998.

A monthly magazine is published called Estuary: A Monthly Community Magazine for Topsham, which is published by St Margaret's Anglican Church, but is more of a community publication than an ecclesiastical one. It is currently priced £1.50 per month, and copy to be received by the 15th of the preceding month. It is co-edited by Diana Trout and José Northey. There is a community centre called the Matthews Hall located in the centre of the town, provided by the Topsham Community Association. Local groups can use this facility, and these include the Topsham Film Club and the Topsham Flower Club. Twice a year, Estuary Players present a theatrical production in the Matthews Hall. They are a notably eclectic group, but Shakespeare and Brecht have featured among their favourite playwrights over their 35-year existence. The Community Association also run a Saturday market, held at the Matthews Hall, and appoint the town crier.

Topsham Art Group had a summer exhibition in 2012 at The Topsham School featuring local artists.

2011 marked the 80th anniversary of the Topsham Town Fayre and Carnival. As of 2018 there is no longer a Carnival. Every two years the town holds a Longest Table event, which involves tables being placed end to end through the streets with people bringing food for their own table.

The Estuary League of Friends charity supports elderly people in the local community.

Notable residents
William Webb Follett, the noted lawyer and parliamentarian, was born here in 1796. General George Warren (cir 1801–1884) was born here c. 1801. Thomas Hardy's cousin, Tryphena Sparks, who was the inspiration for Hardy's poem Thoughts of Phena at News of Her Death lived here and is buried here. She was known locally for the charitable work she did for the local fishermen. Dick Pym, the footballer, was born here in 1893; he was a goalkeeper in the first Wembley FA Cup Final in 1923, and died in Exeter in 1988, aged 95. The newsreader, Trevor McDonald, is a past resident of the town, and both members of the folk group Show of Hands live in Topsham. Clifford Fishwick artist and principal of Exeter College of Art and Design lived here until his death in 1997. The actor Bill Pertwee (ARP Warden William Hodges in Dad's Army) also lived here. Novelist Philip Hensher also lives here. His 2011 book King of the Badgers is set in a fictional town based on Topsham. Artist Hester Frood lived at 26 The Strand after her marriage in 1927, she is buried in the cemetery. The mountain climber Norman Croucher is a resident of Topsham.

title: Topsham, Devon


text:
Porsche Lynn

Porsche Lynn (born February 14, 1962) is an American exotic dancer and pornographic actress.

Career
Lynn chose her stage name from the Porsche car company after seeing one of their cars during a drive to one of her earliest film shoots; she added "Lynn" to it as it fitted well.

Between 1985 and 2002, Lynn appeared in about 170 adult films. Lynn is a member of the AVN Hall of Fame and the XRCO Hall of Fame.

Awards

 * 1988 XRCO Award - Starlet of the Year
 * 1989 XRCO Award Best Female/Female Sex Scene for movie The Kink with Lynn LeMay
 * 1994 AVN Award - Best Supporting Actress—Video (Servin' it Up)

title: Porsche Lynn