text:
Talk:Cottage cheese

Jello salad
What the heck is Jello salad?

 * Anything mixed together is sometimes referred to as a 'salad'. Tuna salad = tuna and mayonnaise. Chicken salad = chicken, mayo, sometimes random fruit and nuts. (In the same sense, a junkyard could be referred to as a 'car salad') Jello salad = jello served with cottage cheese, either on the side or on top of. Usually not molded into the gelatin itself. --StarChaser Tyger 08:05, 24 July 2007 (UTC)
 * A salad is somewhat ambiguously defined, much like a sandwich. Some people consider a variety of things (such as filled pitas, burritos, hamburgers, etc. as sandwiches, some do not. Similarly, salads are sometimes referred to by some as anything mixed together, and some people have more stringent guidelines. --ForbiddenWord 12:53, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Curds and whey
So is cottage cheese the same as curds and whey or not?

 * The article says that it is. However, after adding a recipe for curds and whey it was posted that they arenot the same thing (but the ref to curds and whey is still there). --TheSimkin 22:00, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)

 * Any time you make cheese, you get chewy lumps (curd) and watery stuff (whey). See Manufacturing of Cheddar cheese for example. Normally, you drain away the whey and press the curds into solid blocks of cheese.  With Cottage Cheese, you leave the curds loose and leave in some of the whey.  So, technically, Cottage Cheese is 'curds and whey'.  However, it might not be the curds and whey referred to in the nursery rhyme.  The terms are too generic to determine which particular cheese they're talking about.  It is probably the closest us city folk will ever get to curds and whey, though. --Mdwyer 15:21, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

Removed this from the article. Sure, the product contains both substances, but also cream, thus it is not the same. One could then also easily then say feta, labneh, queso fresco, ricotta, cream cheese, etc.. are also known as curds and whey, as they also contain both substances. Also, a statement that such as "x is also known as y" really needs attribution. 86.83.56.115 (talk) 14:12, 7 May 2019 (UTC)

Origin of name "Cottage"?
Can someone answer where the name Cottage came from? Was this cheese originally made in the countryside or somehow associated with cottages?

Like a cottage industry? It was something cottagers (in the old sense) could make themselves in their cottage with little ingredients or equipment.

 * I'm not certain, but I believe that this was a cheese that people made quickly at home. Not a cottage industry, but made quickly for their own family.

 * Maybe it's something to do with cottaging? lol--Manboobies 21:40, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Or maybe a bastardization of "Ricotta" Amber388 04:25, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

I also believe that the name "cottage" cheese is the English modification of the Italian "ricotta", since the "two" products are so similar. In addition, it is much more likely for a cottage to be a place to enjoy rather than manufacture any kind of cheese.Blcosta (talk) 10:40, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Quote: 'In fact, a little known fact about cottage cheese is that's how it got its name. It was named "Cottage Cheese" because it was made in cottages, which are small country houses.' See www.associatedcontent.com/article/399010/little_known_facts_about_cottage_cheese.html?cat=22 ycc2106 (talk) 15:52, 19 April 2009 (UTC)
 * it seems so, similar in Estonian: kodujuust ("house cheese") . H2ppyme (talk) 21:22, 20 May 2009 (UTC)
 * sorry for a rather silly mistake..it translates to "home cheese". --H2ppyme (talk) 17:49, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Associated Content is a content mill. Anyone can post an article on any subject, and there is no real editorial process, so that link can't be considered a reliable source. Right now the claim is unsourced in the article, but we should try to track down a real source or remove it. K ati e R  (talk) 15:01, 30 April 2014 (UTC)

Answered this in the article (answer was already in the previous used 1931 reference from Iowa). The name began being used for the product in the US in the mid 19th century. It's just marketing, no complicated etymology needed.86.83.56.115 (talk) 14:17, 7 May 2019 (UTC)

Link to non-bacteria cottage cheese recipe
I think the recipe uses bacteria - you add buttermilk (contains bacteria) to milk, and keep it warm for 12 hours. Definitely bacterial? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 62.194.149.82 (talk • contribs).

 * Alton Brown of Good Eats made something similar to cottage cheese by heating skim milk then adding white vinegar. Good Eats quick cottage cheese --StarChaser Tyger (talk) 14:27, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

Trivia Section
Who likes cottage cheese isn't a notable fact about cottage cheese. It might be a notable fact about those people. If so it belongs in their articles. Zsero 10:44, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

fat profile
can someone add the exact fat profile of cottage cheese

IE how much unsaturated and trans fat it has? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 88.155.107.129 (talk) 13:41, 17 April 2007 (UTC).

depends on the brand/country/type of cottage cheese

1% from canada: 1g fat .5g saturated .1g trans / 125g (1/4 container) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.157.240.152 (talk) 07:39, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Found a scientific article on this. 4% fat seems the traditional content, derived from the cream content. Lower fat contents have become more prevalent since the 1970s. I will add the info. 86.83.56.115 (talk) 14:29, 7 May 2019 (UTC)

Cottage Cheese etymology
I see recently that speculation that the name "Cottage cheese" came from it being made in small huts or cottages has been added. We need a source to verify this claim, otherwise it remains just speculation and original research. --[[User:ForbiddenWord|ForbiddenWord 18:37, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

American cottage cheese
Quoted from article : "In Israel, American cottage cheese has evolved into a very popular, gourmet breakfast..."

Cottage cheese goes way back to the Greeks and Egyptians. American Colonies made it on their stovetops. So what does "American cottage cheese" mean?

See reference www.associatedcontent.com/article/399010/little_known_facts_about_cottage_cheese.html?cat=22 ( PS: Could not insert a hyperlink, it's not blacklisted but it seems to get blocked by the spambot)  -- ycc2106 (talk) 15:47, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Was just about to make the same point. "American Cottage Cheese" means nothing without explanation. Suggest this is removed.Garygateaux (talk) 18:41, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Well, I disagree. Cottage cheese is an American product originating from the 19th century, distinguishable from other similar soft cheese traditions such as Greek feta, Arabic labneh, northern European quark, etc. by production method, which has become popular outside of the USA in the last few decades. You could say it goes back to the ancient Greeks, but that is like saying the ancient Ethiopians had Starbuck's frappacinos, or the Aztecs had Mars bars. I have removed all conflation of ancient cheese traditions to this modern product. Calling it "American Cottage Cheese" seems redundant, unless there is some obvious way Israeli or European manufacturers differ in production methodology. 86.83.56.115 (talk) 14:26, 7 May 2019 (UTC)

I think that it means that in Israel, the product is recognized as being American in origin, and introduced by American immigrants. They actually call it "American Cottage Cheese". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.65.107.234 (talk) 21:19, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

Potatoes and cottage cheese?
Mashed potatoes topped with cottage cheese? Does anyone else do this? My mom first served it to me when I was a kid, but I had assumed it was a normal thing but it's not listed in the things cottage cheese goes with. If you like cottage cheese and/or mashed potatoes, I highly recommend it. Glandrid (talk) 05:36, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

Color
I didn't realize cottage cheese had such mysterious origins. :p

I was wondering about the natural colorization. The article says:
 * The curd is usually washed to remove acidity, giving sweet curd cheese. It is not aged or colored.

Recently I read a blog by a "cheese maker" about food colorings, and it said cottage cheese is naturally yellow like butter. It said they make it white for consumer expectations by applying Titanium Dioxide in the form of something called "sweet cheese cream" dressing. I was skeptical about this for two reasons:
 * -Why would white cottage cheese be desirable in the first place? When was it first made white? It used to be yellow?
 * -Google search doesn't give any results for "sweet cheese cream". The closest is the "sweet curd cheese" explained here.

So is it possibly true they add a dressing to whiten it?

This isn't article criticism. Just wanting clarification. --108.210.127.23 (talk) 20:59, 17 October 2012 (UTC)

i do not know about "cheese makers" but I have made cottage cheese with my grandmother when i was younger. The product was always white-ish, it was newer as white as fresh snow but it was close.Franci124 (talk) 18:23, 3 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Butter isn't naturally all that yellow either - they add yellow color to butter and margarine. In the olden days you had a separate packet of color to mix into your oleo to color it.(The Politics of Yellow, sociology of color) Apparently in some cases you get naturally yellow or yellowish milk products naturally, so butter may be dyed yellow and cottage cheese sometimes dyed white to assure uniformity. Rmhermen (talk) 19:38, 3 February 2013 (UTC)

I am looking at a carton of cottage cheese right now and there is no mention of any other ingredient that would color it white besides milk: organic milk, salt, organic vegetable gum, vitamin a, carbon dioxide, that is it. The cottage cheese I am looking at is very white. Titanium dioxide would have to be listed in the ingredients. I have also made cottage cheese at home and it is as white as the milk it is made from (ingredients: milk, rennet or vinegar, salt). Real whipping cream is white, not yellow, even though it has quite a lot of butterfat. The quoted blog about "cheese maker" sounds disgusting and deceptively phrased. I found the referenced article online and it is one person's ignorance. All cottage cheese is not yellow, all cottage cheese does not contain titanium dioxide, the article is just simply wrong. Working in the dairy industry actually doesn't make an expert on dairy products, no more than working on a computer would make you an expert computer programmer. A better question to ask might be: why would cottage cheese be yellow instead of white when milk and cream are not yellow? I looked at some ingredient lists for cottage cheese with titanium dioxide added and there were quite a lot of ingredients in there that aren't milk or cream. Seemed more like various old leftover dairy products stew with a lot of stuff added to fix it up. There is genuine cottage cheese without white paint in it available, it is more important to read the back of the package at the store than the front. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.92.23.237 (talk) 17:14, 9 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Interesting. Seems to be true to a certain degree. Titanium dioxide as colouring adjunct seems to be a normal ingredient not only in this product, but in all white-coloured dairy products for consumer appeal; low-fat milk would be bluish without it! I will find a good source and add this information. Person ranting above me is thus incorrect in a number of ways. 86.83.56.115 (talk) 14:48, 7 May 2019 (UTC)

School
Hey whats up guys I am part of a group of college student who are working on wiki articles for a assignment. My group has been developing this wiki article. We are going to post some stuff next week. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Fiestymuffins (talk • contribs) 19:16, 14 February 2019 (UTC)

School
Hey I am part of a class and just wanted to let you know I will be making a few changes👌 Sirhay (talk) 19:21, 14 February 2019 (UTC)

"According to one person it is popular among bodybuilders and athletes for its high content of casein protein while being relatively low in fat." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.65.107.234 (talk) 21:15, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

Undo of two edits to lead
The IP address made two edits that I've reverted. Both seem in some way to misunderstand the purpose of the lead section in Wikipedia articles. One edit contains insulting language in its edit summary that's uncalled for. There is a good point made here however that there is some NPOV trouble at times. I'll go correct this where I see it. Stevenarntson (talk) 01:32, 27 February 2019 (UTC)

Rewrite
Hi guys, I understand students mostly wrote this, but it contains a large amount of mistakes. Upon closer inspection, it appears the sources are inaccurately quoted. So I am going to chop off parts. Cheers, Leo 86.83.56.115 (talk) 16:37, 6 May 2019 (UTC)

Cottage cheese may be marketed as a small-curd (<4 cm diameter) or large-curd (>8 cm diameter).[13][19]
I eat plenty of cottage cheese and I also work with metric and imperial measurements. I believe the source from which the statement above was mentioned was misquoted or incorrect. The little curds in cottage cheese, large or small curd are certainly only a few  millimeters in size, not cm. If large curd  is >8 cm, it wouldn't fit in the container. Easily verifiable by looking at it. 208.87.12.248 (talk) 15:29, 29 December 2019 (UTC)

Agreed. 8cm is just over 3 inches. Have corrected to millimetres(mm). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sjones5922 (talk • contribs) 16:00, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

Jello salad? In the lede? Are we here to sell Jello?
Was the Jell-O Salad reference placed in the lede by a Jell-O marketing rep? I think it's absolutely ridiculous to have a brand product represented so unnecessarily in the lede of a peripherally-related article. Cottage cheese is quite frequently used in more traditional leaf-based salads. This is not a typical example. If nothing else, this is undue weight in an article about cottage cheese, not gel-based foods. I'm taking it out. Put it back if you like, but I hope you can justify it being in the lede with something other than selling Jell-O. Dcs002 (talk) 05:12, 25 September 2021 (UTC)

 * The entire article is written from an American perspective. Few people outside North America have even heard of Jell-O. This happens time and time again with WP food articles. --Ef80 (talk) 16:46, 22 June 2023 (UTC)

Thrush in lead
IPs have repeatedly attempted to add the claim that "The white genital discharge encountered in cases of thrush is often compared by health professionals to cottage cheese" ] to the lead.
 * 1) The lead should be a summary of the rest of the article. This factoid does not appear elsewhere in the article. An attempt was made to compromise by moving the contant out of the lead but this was also undone.
 * 2) The source does not support the claim that this is a common comparison. It is one source that compares the discharge to cottage cheese.
 * 3) Even if this were properly sourced, I don't think this would belong in this article, let alone in the lead. This is an article about cottage cheese. Things that happen to be compared to cottage cheese are not worth mentioning, as has been pointed out in some of the edit summaries removing the material. The contested content would, on the other hand, be appropriate in Thrush.
 * 4) One restoration of the material by a named editor was made on the grounds of WP:NOTCENSORED. I don't see this as censoring but rather as the removal of improperly sourced material that simply does not belong. Meters (talk) 02:32, 11 September 2023 (UTC)

Vaginal discharge
This is wildly off-topic in an article about dairy. It is mentioned nowhere else in the article (which is about dairy) and hence should not be anywhere near the lede. I cordially invite the anon edit-warring this into the article to explain how this belongs in the lede. Kleuske (talk) 11:06, 12 September 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm fairly confident that the edits were made in bad faith based off of the edit summaries, edit warring, and general behavior displayed by the IP(s). I don't think any conversation here regarding this would be productive. Deauthorized. (talk) 17:18, 12 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I raised the issue because of the edit war. Thanks for the input. It seems obvious that it does not belong, but now we can point to a talk page consensus and be done with it. Meters (talk) 18:45, 12 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Hopefully. Though I'll keep this article on my watchlist for a while. Deauthorized. (talk) 22:07, 12 September 2023 (UTC)

Origin
The sidebar says it was invented in Canada and the article says that happened in the 20th century but it was being made in the US in the 19th century and the Romans maybe invented it. What gives? Is Canada trying to pull a fast one? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Data.kindnet (talk • contribs) 21:28, 26 March 2024 (UTC) The whole article has a completely North American perspective - one of the worst examples of WP All-the-world's-America syndrome I've come across, and that's saying something. --Ef80 (talk) 16:55, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
 * The article doesn't seem to support a single point of origin, I removed it from the infobox. "Canada" was just recently placed there. (Also,, please always place new posts at the bottom of talk pages rather than the top. I moved your comment to the proper location.) Schazjmd   (talk)  21:37, 26 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @Ef80, you're welcome to address any inadequacies by finding reliable sources and adding summaries of them to the article. Schazjmd   (talk)  17:05, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cottage cheese


text: User talk:69.173.102.115

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.173.102.115


text:
Falcons (film)

Falcons (Icelandic: Fálkar ), is the seventh film directed by Friðrik Þór Friðriksson. This film, released in 2002, is mostly in English language.

Plot
It is the story of an ex-convict, Simon (Keith Carradine), who after returning to Iceland where his mother was born, to visit relatives, looks for the loneliest place in the world to commit suicide. In a small village he meets Dúa (Margrét Vilhjálmsdóttir), an Icelandic young lady, who he finds to be an interesting, rather strange woman. Dúa has a caged falcon that she hopes to tame, but they get into trouble as it is illegal to possess this kind of animal in captivity.

Simon and Dua form a relationship based on Simon's belief that she is his illegitimate daughter. Surrounded by tension between them, Simon serves as a protective figure to Dúa, who keeps him from committing suicide.

The couple escape to Hamburg, Germany, to start all over again. The protagonists' behaviours are opposite to each other: Simon is down to earth and finds himself awkward by Dúa's eccentric beliefs in astrology, who considers Simon as a typical Scorpio and thus avoids deepening into a more serious relationship, partly because of the feeling of his paternity.

Dúa's falcon, that she nourished and protected when her uncle found it with a broken wing, has a high value to her, as she considers it last remnant of the beloved life in Iceland. The falcon travels with them on their escape and has a high monetary value. Later, as Dúa wasted their money, Simon tries to sell the falcon in order to cover their expenditure, but he is cheated by some crooked Germans and the falcon is stolen.

Finding a gun in a local bar, Simon confronts the men who cheated him, shooting them both and injuring himself in the process. Meanwhile, Dúa finds Simon's tape recorder, discerning he believes her to be his daughter. Simon returns to return Dúa the bird but collapses from his injuries in the street, Dúa reassures him that he was a good man and potential father as he dies. Dúa releases the falcon.

Cast

 * Keith Carradine: Simon
 * Margrét Vilhjálmsdóttir: Dúa
 * Ingvar E. Sigurðsson: Jóhann
 * Magnús Ólafsson: Lobbi
 * Margrét Ólafsdóttir: Auntie
 * Friðrik Friðriksson: Young Policeman
 * Axel Prahl: Car Rental Dealer
 * Marisa Calcagno: Sabine
 * Margrét Helga Jóhannsdóttir: Barmaid
 * Ramin Yazdani: Scarface
 * Geo von Krogh: Salvation Army Host
 * Hark Bohm: A Man of the World
 * Ragnheidur Steindórsdóttir: Nurse
 * Guðmundur Ólafsson: Doctor
 * Pétur Ólafsson: Uncle Tóti
 * Theódór Júlíusson: Bus Driver
 * Randver Thorláksson: Customs Officer
 * Zack-Volker Michalowski: Antique Dealer
 * Jóhanna Vigdís Hjaltadóttir: TV Reporter I
 * Ómar Ragnarsson: TV Reporter II
 * Örlygur Kristfinnsson: Gallery Owner
 * Darren Forman: American I
 * Glenn Robert Hodge: American II
 * Rafi Guessous: Doorman
 * Bernd Gajkowski: Lübeck Bartender
 * Frank Wieczorek: Sad Looking Man
 * Werner Karle Jung: Shady Looking Man

Music
The soundtrack was released as a separate CD titled Fálkar. The music composition was mainly by Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson and several important artists who set up a proper atmosphere to the film's plot.

title: Falcons (film)


text:
1971 in country music

This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1971.

No dates

 * Seeking younger, more urban viewers, CBS cancels nearly all of its rural-themed programming. Among the most notable casualties:
 * The Beverly Hillbillies – a sitcom which had aired since 1962, about the misadventures of an Appalachia clan who become oil tycoons.
 * Green Acres – another sitcom about a New York attorney and his wife who move to the country and start farming.
 * Hee Haw – the country music-variety show starring Roy Clark and Buck Owens.
 * Fans of Hee Haw were quickly soothed when the show entered syndication in the fall. The show was an immediate success, and viewers would continue to make their weekly visit to Kornfield County for the next 20 years. Meanwhile, both The Beverly Hillbillies and Green Acres would continue to live on in syndication. ABC, also hoping to draw in younger viewers, canceled, among other shows, The Johnny Cash Show. Although not country-music oriented, The Lawrence Welk Show, which had among its older-leaning demographics country music fans, is also canceled, but like Hee Haw will be revived in the fall in syndication to great success.

 * Up-and-coming country music star Mickey Gilley and business partner Sherwood Cryer open Gilley's, a bar/honky tonk that was featured in the 1980 movie Urban Cowboy, and became famous for featuring up-and-coming country acts and its mechanical bulls.

United States
(as certified by Billboard)

 * Notes
 * 1^ No. 1 song of the year, as determined by Billboard.
 * 2^ Song dropped from No. 1 and later returned to top spot.
 * A^ First Billboard No. 1 hit for that artist.
 * C^ Only Billboard No. 1 hit for that artist to date.

Canada
(as certified by RPM)

 * Notes
 * 2^ Song dropped from No. 1 and later returned to top spot.
 * A^ First RPM No. 1 hit for that artist.
 * B^ Last RPM No. 1 hit for that artist.
 * C^ Only RPM No. 1 hit for that artist.

Births

 * January 17 – Kid Rock (born Robert Ritchie), white rap vocalist who had major country hits with "Picture" (duet with Sheryl Crow) and "All Summer Long."
 * February 5 — Sara Evans, female vocalist from the late 1990s–2000s (decade).
 * March 4 – Jason Sellers, singer-songwriter.
 * March 10 – Daryle Singletary, neotraditonialist singer of the 1990s (died 2018).
 * April 26 — Jay DeMarcus, member of Rascal Flatts.
 * May 16 — Rick Trevino, Mexican-American singer who had several hits in the 1990s.
 * April 30 — Carolyn Dawn Johnson, singer-songwriter.
 * July 23 — Alison Krauss, bluegrass artist, vocalist and leader of Union Station.
 * October 20 – Jimi Westbrook, member of Little Big Town.

Deaths

 * February 7 — Dock Boggs, 73, influential old-time country singer.
 * February 28 – Fiddlin' Arthur Smith, 72, old-time fiddle player.
 * June 12 — J. E. Mainer, 72, old-time fiddle player and early country music star.
 * August 7 – Henry D. "Homer" Haynes, 50, of the Homer and Jethro comedy duo.
 * August 20 — Tom Darby, 79, one half of the duo Darby and Tarlton, an early country music duo.

Country Music Hall of Fame Inductees
Arthur Edward Satherley (1889–1986)

Grammy Awards

 * Best Female Country Vocal Performance — "Help Me Make It Through the Night", Sammi Smith
 * Best Male Country Vocal Performance — "When You're Hot, You're Hot", Jerry Reed
 * Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal — "After the Fire Is Gone", Loretta Lynn and Conway Twitty
 * Best Country Instrumental Performance — "Snowbird" Chet Atkins
 * Best Country Song — "Help Me Make It Through the Night", Kris Kristofferson (Performer: Sammi Smith)

Juno Awards

 * Country Male Vocalist of the Year — Stompin' Tom Connors
 * Country Female Vocalist of the Year — Myrna Lorrie
 * Country Group or Duo of the Year — Mercey Brothers

Academy of Country Music

 * Entertainer of the Year — Freddie Hart
 * Song of the Year — "Easy Loving", Freddie Hart (Performer: Freddie Hart)
 * Single of the Year — "Easy Loving", Freddie Hart
 * Album of the Year — Easy Loving, Freddie Hart
 * Top Male Vocalist — Freddie Hart
 * Top Female Vocalist — Loretta Lynn
 * Top Vocal Duo — Conway Twitty and Loretta Lynn
 * Top New Male Vocalist — Tony Booth
 * Top New Female Vocalist — Barbara Mandrell

Country Music Association

 * Entertainer of the Year — Charley Pride
 * Song of the Year — "Easy Loving", Freddie Hart (Performer: Freddie Hart)
 * Single of the Year — "Help Me Make It Through the Night", Sammi Smith
 * Album of the Year — I Won't Mention It Again, Ray Price
 * Male Vocalist of the Year — Charley Pride
 * Female Vocalist of the Year — Lynn Anderson
 * Vocal Duo of the Year — Porter Wagoner and Dolly Parton
 * Vocal Group of the Year — Osborne Brothers
 * Instrumentalist of the Year — Jerry Reed
 * Instrumental Group of the Year — Danny Davis and the Nashville Brass

Other links

 * Country Music Association
 * Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame

title: 1971 in country music


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Conservative Judaism (magazine)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Speedy Deleted

Conservative Judaism (magazine)
it defines conservative judaism it doesn't mention any magazine
 * delete Melaen 22:01, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This one was a speedy deletion, actually. Postdlf 22:02, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ok sorry --Melaen 22:03, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm surprised you were able to delete it, considering how hard it is for deletions to work right now. RickK 22:34, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hater

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete Zzyzx11 (Talk) 16:51, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hater
Non-encyclopedic, a dictdef that exploded. Twaddle. RickK 22:02, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per Rick. Karol 22:08, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * tagged as copyvio - end of discussion --Doc (?) 22:49, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Doc. RickK 22:50, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I have no problem deleting this but you may be wrong on the copyvio.  The first half of the "hater" definition was created over two years ago and the second paragraph was added by another user (or user name at least) over a year later, and still more than a year ago.  The web site you cited in your copyvio notice, on the other hand, has no entries in the Internet Archive, while the Wikepedia page appears twice.  Though not dispositive, it strikes me that it is more than likely that the other site lifted the definition from Wikipedia, not vice versa.  Why should we have to start rewriting articles just because other sites take Wikipedia works without attribution? DS1953 23:15, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not very knowledgeable about the internet archive - I realise I assumed bad faith from WP editors rather than an unknown website (an unsafe presup). Happy to be guided here, should the copyvio be left to run? --Doc (?) 00:01, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete copyvio. JamesBurns 07:52, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * OK I'm removing copyvio tag. Debate reopened - I vote delete as per RickK --Doc (?) 12:34, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 19:13, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, seems like notable part of raver subculture.  Grue   14:38, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Grue, notable stereotype. Kappa 20:51, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I agree, it is something that should be kept. Maghris 10:52, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment made by 65.57.245.11 (talk • contribs)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hater


text:
Social Affairs and Health Committee

The Social Affairs and Health Committee of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council for the African Union is responsible for:

 * Health
 * Children
 * Drug control
 * Population
 * Migration
 * Labor and employment
 * Family
 * Aging
 * The physically challenged
 * Sports
 * Youth and protection
 * Social integration

The Chairperson of the Committee is Helder Francisco Malauene

title: Social Affairs and Health Committee


text:
Ground expression

In mathematical logic, a ground term of a formal system is a term that does not contain any variables. Similarly, a ground formula is a formula that does not contain any variables.

In first-order logic with identity with constant symbols $$a$$ and $$b$$, the sentence $$Q(a) \lor P(b)$$ is a ground formula. A ground expression is a ground term or ground formula.

Examples
Consider the following expressions in first order logic over a signature containing the constant symbols $$0$$ and $$1$$ for the numbers 0 and 1, respectively, a unary function symbol $$s$$ for the successor function and a binary function symbol $$+$$ for addition.
 * $$s(0), s(s(0)), s(s(s(0))), \ldots$$ are ground terms;
 * $$0 + 1, \; 0 + 1 + 1, \ldots$$ are ground terms;
 * $$0+s(0), \; s(0)+ s(0), \; s(0)+s(s(0))+0$$ are ground terms;
 * $$x + s(1)$$ and $$s(x)$$ are terms, but not ground terms;
 * $$s(0) = 1$$ and $$0 + 0 = 0$$ are ground formulae.

Formal definitions
What follows is a formal definition for first-order languages. Let a first-order language be given, with $$C$$ the set of constant symbols, $$F$$ the set of functional operators, and $$P$$ the set of predicate symbols.

Ground term
A  is a term that contains no variables. Ground terms may be defined by logical recursion (formula-recursion):
 * 1) Elements of $$C$$ are ground terms;
 * 2) If $$f \in F$$ is an $$n$$-ary function symbol and $$\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \ldots, \alpha_n$$ are ground terms, then $$f\left(\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \ldots, \alpha_n\right)$$ is a ground term.
 * 3) Every ground term can be given by a finite application of the above two rules (there are no other ground terms; in particular, predicates cannot be ground terms).

Roughly speaking, the Herbrand universe is the set of all ground terms.

Ground atom
A ', ' or  is an atomic formula all of whose argument terms are ground terms.

If $$p \in P$$ is an $$n$$-ary predicate symbol and $$\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \ldots, \alpha_n$$ are ground terms, then $$p\left(\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \ldots, \alpha_n\right)$$ is a ground predicate or ground atom.

Roughly speaking, the Herbrand base is the set of all ground atoms, while a Herbrand interpretation assigns a truth value to each ground atom in the base.

Ground formula
A ' or ' is a formula without variables.

Ground formulas may be defined by syntactic recursion as follows:
 * 1) A ground atom is a ground formula.
 * 2) If $$\varphi$$ and $$\psi$$ are ground formulas, then $$\lnot \varphi$$, $$\varphi \lor \psi$$, and $$\varphi \land \psi$$ are ground formulas.

Ground formulas are a particular kind of closed formulas.

title: Ground expression


text:
User talk:Lady~Macbeth

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on Talk page. Again, welcome! You 22:05, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Just so you know, you didn't add your reply on my talk page to the wrong spot, and even if you had, it would have been very simple for me to fix it. Also, there is no standard spot to add messages, while I add newer ones to the bottom of my page, some users prefer to add newer messages to the top. You 00:17, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lady~Macbeth


text:
Thomas J. Quinlan

Thomas J. Quinlan (April 23, 1929 – April 24, 2012) was an American Catholic priest of the Diocese of Richmond.

Career
Father Quinlan (TQ) was ordained priest on May 1, 1958, and was named a curate at Blessed Sacrament Parish in Alexandria, Virginia. He subsequently served at:

•	Blessed Sacrament Catholic Church in Alexandria (05/22/58 - 01/26/63) - Associate Pastor

•	Assumption Parish in Keyser, West Virginia (01/27/63 - 08/15/63) - Associate Pastor

•	Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Norfolk, Virginia (08/16/63 - 05/31/68) - Associate Pastor

•	Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Covington, Virginia (01/01/68 - 12/06/68) - Pastor

•	St. Vincent De Paul Catholic Church in Newport News (12/07/68 - 07/26/71) - Pastor

•	Good Shepherd Catholic Church in Mount Vernon, Virginia Alexandria (07/27/71 - 09/03/74) - Pastor

•	Basilica of Saint Mary of the Immaculate Conception in Norfolk (10/01/74 - 06/01/85) - Pastor

•	Sabbatical and Runaway from the Bishop (06/01/85 - 05/25/86)

•	St. Kateri Tekakwitha Catholic Church in Tabb (05/26/86 - 06/11/00) - Founding Pastor

•	Church of the Holy Family in Virginia Beach (06/12/00 - 06/13/05) - Pastor

TQ was instrumental in providing a Haitian village with a freshwater well and a school by partnering their parish with Holy family.

Father Quinlan was also the president of the priest senate in the Richmond diocese.

Throughout his entire career as a Catholic Priest, T.Q. has emphasized the importance of caring for the poor, the marginalized, and the disenfranchised. At his prior assignment, St. Kateri Tekakwitha, he founded a thrift shop in Poquoson, VA to specifically help the poor.

Father Quinlan was known for his "wake up" approach to teaching the Gospel and the message of Jesus Christ. His homilies tended to spark lively discussion within the communities he served. His style and approach to getting people involved in the Church and in the community, occasionally generated interest in the media.

Controversy
The Bishop of Richmond, Most Rev. Francis X. DiLorenzo, retired Father Quinlan in June, 2005 from service at Holy Family in Virginia Beach. A Christmas Eve homily, which made references to Mary's humanly giving birth to Jesus, offended some members of the parish and was reported to Bishop DiLorenzo. However many members of the Parish stood up for and appealed to the Bishop to retain Father Quinlan.

Father Quinlan's homiletic language was vulgar and disrespectful, and there were some instances of sacrilegious behavior at Mass. According to local newspapers, Father Quinlan drove a Volkswagen down the aisle during a Palm Sunday procession at Good Shepherd Catholic Church. At another Palm Sunday Mass, "T.Q." drove a three-ton forklift down the center aisle at The Basilica of St. Mary of the Immaculate Conception in Norfolk VA. Jet Magazine, August 18, 1977 The "yellow brick road" imagery was a metaphor for Jesus' pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Father Quinlan occasionally costumed himself as The Grinch or as Superman at the beginning of a Mass. Another endeavor included a psychedelic Mass with lighting effects.

On 30 January 2006, The Catholic Virginian (the official newspaper of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond), printed the following regarding Fr. Quinlan: "The Rev. Thomas Quinlan, a retired priest of the Diocese of Richmond, can no longer celebrate the sacraments publicly. He can celebrate Mass privately. Bishop DiLorenzo said he took this action as a response to Father Quinlan's behavior that has 'engendered anxiety and emotional upset which interferes with an individual's religious experience.'"

Supporters and admirers of TQ
Although, over the course of TQ's ministry, there were plenty of critics and many letters written to the Bishop complaining about his sometimes unorthodox, blunt, direct, and challenging methods, TQ was loved and admired by many. He was a brilliant scholar and presented mature and challenging, homilies and lectures throughout his career. He was admired by most of his parishioners and appreciated and respected by most of his fellow clergy.

Bishop Sullivan:

Bishop Sullivan, who was the previous Bishop before Bishop DiLorenzo arrived in 2004, was a strong supported and admirer of TQ. “On the 40th anniversary of the Pastor’s (TQ’s) ordination, the Bishop Sullivan composed an Ode to TQ, refereeing to the pastor as ‘the blue Angel”’ In that Ode, the Bishop Sullivan remarked on the priest’s ‘tireless care of the poor, the sick, the old, and the lame.’ For 40 years, he said, the pastor “had preached and labored … to make Jesus, the Gospel, and our faith take on new life for us.’ He even compared him to St. Peter, who was praised, but also mocked. ‘But just like Simon Peter, [his] love for all God’s people is solid as a rock.’ The bishop called him a ‘faithful, ageless, and glorious priest.’”

title: Thomas J. Quinlan


text:
Counterion

In chemistry, a counterion (sometimes written as "counter ion", pronounced as such) is the ion that accompanies an ionic species in order to maintain electric neutrality. In table salt (NaCl, also known as sodium chloride) the sodium ion (positively charged) is the counterion for the chloride ion (negatively charged) and vice versa.

A counterion will be more commonly referred to as an anion or a cation, depending on whether it is negatively or positively charged. Thus, the counterion to an anion will be a cation, and vice versa.

In biochemistry, counterions are generally vaguely defined. Depending on their charge, proteins are associated with a variety of smaller anions and cations. In plant cells, the anion malate is often accumulated in the vacuole to decrease water potential and drive cell expansion. To maintain neutrality, K+ ions are often accumulated as the counterion. Ion permeation through hydrophobic cell walls is mediated by ion transport channels. Nucleic acids are anionic, the corresponding cations are often protonated polyamines.

Interfacial chemistry
Counterions are the mobile ions in ion exchange polymers and colloids. Ion-exchange resins are polymers with a net negative or positive charge. Cation-exchange resins consist of an anionic polymer with countercations, typically Na+ (sodium). The resin has a higher affinity for highly charged countercations, for example by Ca2+ (calcium) in the case of water softening. Correspondingly, anion-exchange resins are typically provided in the form of chloride Cl−, which is a highly mobile counteranion.

Counterions are used in phase-transfer catalysis. In a typical application lipophilic countercation such as benzalkonium solubilizes reagents in organic solvents.

Solution chemistry
Solubility of salts in organic solvents is a function of both the cation and the anion. The solubility of cations in organic solvents can be enhanced when the anion is lipophilic. Similarly, the solubility of anions in organic solvents is enhanced with lipophilic cations. The most common lipophilic cations are quaternary ammonium cations, called "quat salts".

Many cationic organometallic complexes are isolated with inert, noncoordinating counterions. Ferrocenium tetrafluoroborate is one such example.

Electrochemistry
In order to achieve high ionic conductivity, electrochemical measurements are conducted in the presence of excess electrolyte. In water the electrolyte is often a simple salt such as potassium chloride. For measurements in nonaqueous solutions, salts composed of both lipophilic cations and anions are employed, e.g., tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate. Even in such cases potentials are influenced by ion-pairing, an effect that is accentuated in solvents of low dielectric constant.

Counterion stability
For many applications, the counterion simply provides charge and lipophilicity that allows manipulation of its partner ion. The counterion is expected to be chemically inert. For counteranions, inertness is expressed in terms of low Lewis basicity. The counterions are ideally rugged and unreactive. For quaternary ammonium and phosphonium countercations, inertness is related to their resistance of degradation by strong bases and strong nucleophiles.

title: Counterion


text:
Pieter Jansz. Saenredam

'''Pieter Jansz. Saenredam' (9 June 1597 – buried 31 May 1665) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age, known for his distinctive paintings of whitewashed church interiors such as Interior of St Bavo's Church in Haarlem (1636) and Interior of the Sint-Odulphuskerk in Assendelft''.

Biography
Saenredam was born in Assendelft, the son of the Northern Mannerist printmaker and draughtsman Jan Pietersz Saenredam whose sensuous naked goddesses are in great contrast with the work of his son. In 1612, Saenredam moved permanently to Haarlem, where he became a pupil of Frans de Grebber. In 1623, he became a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke. A drawing in the British Museum by his friend Jacob Van Campen shows him to be very short and hunch backed. He died in Haarlem.

Saenredam was a contemporary of the painter-architects Jacob van Campen, Salomon de Bray, and Pieter Post.

Works
Saenredam specialized in the representation of church interiors. These pictures were based on precise measurements of the building and meticulously rendered sketches, done on site, in pencil, pen, and chalk, after which washes were applied. Painting took place in the studio, often years after the studies were made.

Saenredam's emphasis on even light and geometry is brought out by comparing his works with those of the rather younger Emanuel de Witte, who included people, contrasts of light and such clutter of church furniture as remained in Calvinist churches, all usually ignored by Saenredam. Unlike de Witte's, Saenredam's views are usually roughly aligned with a main axis of the church.

Saenredam's paintings frequently show medieval churches, usually Gothic, but sometimes late Romanesque, which had been stripped bare of their original decorations after the iconoclasm of the Protestant Reformation. Although Utrecht was the centre of the remaining Catholic population of the mainly Calvinist United Provinces, all the old churches were retained by the Protestants. The drawing for Saenredam's Interior of St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht (above) is typical. As a Catholic church the cathedral had been highly decorated. Then, in the Dutch Revolt the church fell into Protestant hands, it was ‘cleaned’ of Catholic influences. The altarpieces and statuary were removed, and the walls and ceiling were white washed.

Alternatively, the paintings of church interiors by Saenredam and other 17th-century Dutch painters have been interpreted as having less to do with religion and more with the new-found interest in perspective and with the Dutch interpretation (known as Dutch Classicism) of Palladio’s theories of proportion, balance and symmetry.

In any case, Saenredam wanted to record this time of change by documenting the country’s buildings. Many artists before him had specialized in imaginary and fanciful architecture, but Saenredam was one of the first to focus on existing buildings. According to the J. Paul Getty Trust "Saenredam’s church paintings...owe their poetry to his remarkable blend of fact and fiction. He began by making site drawings of buildings that record measurements and detail with archaeological thoroughness." This meticulous preparation helped him to create such accurate and enchanting paintings. The measurements aided him in using scientific linear perspective, just like Andrea Pozzo. He was able to use his measurements to create a realistic image with depth.

There is a small number of Saenredam's works in British collections but the Utrecht Archives houses a large number of Saenredam's drawings. In 2000–2001, the Centraal Museum at Utrecht held a major exhibition of his drawings and paintings. Perhaps his best known works are a matching pair of oil paintings both titled Interior of the Buurkerk, Utrecht. One hangs in London's National Gallery, the other in the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas. In their simplicity and semi-abstract formalism, they foreshadow more modern works such as those of Mondrian and Feininger.

In July 2012, a picture of Saenredam's village at Assendelft was sold at Christie's for more than £3,500,000. Six months earlier it was entered into a Christie's sale advertised as by a follower of Saenredam with an estimate of between £3,000-5,000 before being withdrawn from sale.

title: Pieter Jansz. Saenredam


text:
Category:Pnictogens

Pnictogen is a chemical term for chemical elements or compounds containing elements from group 15 of the periodic table.

title: Category:Pnictogens


text:
Vilassar de Dalt

Vilassar de Dalt is a village in Catalonia, Spain, in the province of Barcelona and the comarca of Maresme. The name comes from the Roman name Villa Azari, later changed to Vilassar. In the 20th century, it split into two villages: Vilassar in the hills (de Dalt), and Vilassar by the Sea (de Mar).

title: Vilassar de Dalt


text:
Cordillera Mountains

Cordillera Mountains may refer to:
 * American Cordillera, North and South America
 * Arctic Cordillera, northeastern Canada
 * Andes in South-America (Cordillera Oriental, Cordillera Occidental, and Chile's Cordillera de la Costa)
 * Cordillera Central (Luzon) in the Philippines

title: Cordillera Mountains


text:
Tenmon

Tenmon (天門) is the ninja art of understanding and using meteorology as a strategic weapon. It allowed ninja to foresee weather changes and to use them as an advantage. By knowing nature's changes, animal behaviour, or atmospheric/astronomic signs, one could use rainy weather or a hot sunny period as strategic elements to weaken and defeat the enemy.

title: Tenmon


text:
User talk:Polyrus

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on Talk page. Again, welcome! You 22:11, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Polyrus


text:
Battle of Minisink

The Battle of Minisink took place during the American Revolutionary War at Minisink Ford, New York, on July 22, 1779. It was the only major skirmish of the Revolutionary War fought in the upper Delaware River valley. The battle was a decisive Iroquois and Loyalist victory, as the Patriot militia was hastily assembled, ill-equipped and inexperienced.

Brant's raid
Although British forces in the Northern Theater were largely concentrated in and near New York, Joseph Brant, a Mohawk war leader, had travelled to the upper Delaware Valley with his Loyalist and Indigenous volunteers to gather intelligence, seize cattle, and possibly disrupt American plans for an expedition against the Iroquois.

In February 1779, Brigadier General Kazimierz Pulaski's infantry had been reassigned to the Southern Theater, leaving the upper Delaware River valley largely undefended. Brant led his volunteers towards Minisink with the goal of taking cattle and demoralizing the colonists.

When Brant's force of 60 Iroquois and 27 Loyalists disguised as native warriors approached the settlement around noon on July 20, many of the settlers fled to the main fort. As a result only four settlers were killed and only three taken prisoner. Brant later explained in his report to Lieutenant Colonel Mason Bolton at Fort Niagara that "the reason that we could not take more of them was owing to the many forts about the place, into which they were always ready to run like ground-hogs." Ten houses, eleven barns, a church, and a gristmill were destroyed in the raid including the fortified house known as Fort Decker. Brant further reported that he had one man killed and one wounded in the attack, but stressed that they "did not in the least injure Women or Children."

Battle of Minisink
Brant's raiders departed the settlement and headed upriver. Riders from Minisink headed to Goshen and reported the attack. The local militia mustered at Minisink early on July 21, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Tusten, and were joined by a detachment of militia from Sussex County, New Jersey. Tusten was opposed to pursuing Brant, and suggested waiting for reinforcements. Many of the assembled militiamen, however, dismissed the fighting ability of the Iroquois and demanded immediate retribution. Outvoted, Tusten agreed to set out. They were later joined by elements of the 4th Orange County Militia Regiment from Warwick and led by Colonel John Hathorn. Colonel Hathorn assumed overall command and set off with the force of about 120 militiamen to intercept Brant.

On the morning of July 22, the militia moved into position on a hill to the east of the confluence of the Lackawaxen and Delaware Rivers, intending to ambush Brant's forces as they crossed the Minisink Ford. Hathorn split his men into a group of skirmishers and two other groups comprising the main force. Before the ambush was fully set, however, an accidental rifle discharge alerted Brant to the trap. Brant quickly gained the higher ground to the rear of Hathorn's position and opened fire.

Hathorn was unable to regroup his men for a counterattack. Many of his men retreated, leaving the rest of the militia surrounded and outnumbered. After several hours of exchanging shots, ammunition began to run low, and the battle devolved into hand-to-hand combat. At least 46 militiamen were killed, including Tusten. Brant's men gave no quarter to the wounded and captured, however, one of the wounded, Captain John Wood, was spared because Brant mistakenly believed him to be a fellow Mason.

Brant lost only seven men. Brant wrote that three were killed during the battle, and that four were dangerously wounded and would probably not survive. Although badly wounded, Hathorn survived, returning to Warwick to write his report of the loss to his superiors.

Aftermath
After the battle, Brant and his men forded the Delaware and continued north to Onaquaga on the Susquehanna River.

The raid failed to disrupt the Sullivan Expedition. Several weeks later at the Battle of Newtown, Brant and his volunteers, along with Butler's Rangers and several hundred Seneca and Cayuga warriors were brushed aside by Major General John Sullivan and his 3200 Continental Army soldiers. Sullivan subsequently invaded the Iroquois homeland in the Finger Lakes region of New York and destroyed 40 Iroquois villages.

The inhabitants of the Precinct of Goshen (which preceded the forming of towns in Orange County) were unable to bury their dead for 43 years as the battlefield was too remote. Some of the soldiers' widows attempted the trip but were forced to turn back. In 1822, a committee was formed to travel to the battlefield and comb the area for remains. The few bones recovered were buried in a mass grave in Barryville but later moved to Goshen. A stone obelisk was erected at Goshen for the centennial of the battle, engraved with the names of the dead.

In 1847, a burial was discovered in Lackawaxen, Pennsylvania that is believed to be the remains of a casualty of the Battle of Minisink. The site now serves as a memorial tomb for unknown Revolutionary War soldiers.

Today, the site of the battle is located within Minisink Battleground County Park in Sullivan County a couple of miles north of the Hamlet of Barryville near the Roebling's Delaware Aqueduct. There are no structures contemporary to the battle, but the park contains several trails, monuments, picnic areas, and a visitors' center.

title: Battle of Minisink


text:
Infrastructure and Energy Committee

The Infrastructure and Energy Committee of the African Union's Economic, Social and Cultural Council is responsible for energy, information society, transport, and mobility. As of February 2024, its commissioner is Amani Abou-Zeid.

title: Infrastructure and Energy Committee


text:
User talk:Bnp

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on Talk page. Again, welcome! smoddy 22:12, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Bnp


text: Category:American cuisine by region

title: Category:American cuisine by region


text:
Talk:Some Cities

Fair use rationale for Image:SomeCities.jpg
Image:SomeCities.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 05:01, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:SomeCities.jpg
Image:SomeCities.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 21:25, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Some Cities


text:
User:Zuben

Zuben, from Northern Italy.

title: User:Zuben


text:
User:Wellmann~enwiki

Hello everyone! I've decided to leave Wikipedia as wikiediting is just not my kind of stuff (and I also seem to be endangering the project). Anyway, I've written you guys a short letter containing information about the users Kaschner, Beagle, IP 84.154.*.*, and the others. BUT I'm not going to give it away that easily (I mean, who does?), so I will be using my standard encryption method to encode the whole letter, and only those who persevere can solve the puzzle behind the said users and their sad plot. Ready? Here goes:

START FAREWELL WIKIPEDIANS TEXT SHIFT: 1-3-2 > TEXT 1 SHIFT TYPE: CONSTANT SHIFT: xxx BEGIN TEXT 1 >>>

title: User:Wellmann~enwiki


text:
Category:Street Fighter games

Video games in the Street Fighter series.

title: Category:Street Fighter games


text:
Port Charlotte, Islay

Port Charlotte (Port Sgioba) is a village on the island of Islay in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. It was founded in 1828. In 1991 it had a population of 350.

On 24 September 1828 the foundation stone of the pier was laid at a fete attended by 4,000 of Walter Frederick Campbell's tenants. Port Charlotte was named after Lady Charlotte Campbell Bury, the mother of its founder Walter Frederick Campbell; and it was set up mainly to provide housing facilities for the Lochindaal Distillery work force.

By 1833 a chapel had been built in the village which was in use but far from complete.

In 1846 contractors were invited to construct a quay at Port Charlotte, which was funded by Thomas Pattison, Distiller of Octomore and designed by Mr. Pitbladdo of Bridgend and this was completed by 1848.

Parts of the former distillery buildings are now in use as Youth Hostel and Wildlife Centre. Others are currently used by a garage nearby. The remaining warehouses are currently owned and used by Bruichladdich distillery to mature their Port Charlotte heavily peated spirit, named in tribute to the village and original distillery.

The village is located on the shores of Loch Indaal and is very picturesque with its white-painted houses. It is home to the Museum of Islay Life which is located in a former Church building.

In October 1813, the American privateer The True Blooded Yankee captured six merchant ships lying at Port Charlotte, casting them adrift and setting fire to three.

title: Port Charlotte, Islay


text:
Surface bundle over the circle

In mathematics, a surface bundle over the circle is a fiber bundle with base space a circle, and with fiber space a surface. Therefore the total space has dimension 2 + 1 = 3. In general, fiber bundles over the circle are a special case of mapping tori.

Here is the construction: take the Cartesian product of a surface with the unit interval. Glue the two copies of the surface, on the boundary, by some homeomorphism. This homeomorphism is called the monodromy of the surface bundle. It is possible to show that the homeomorphism type of the bundle obtained depends only on the conjugacy class, in the mapping class group, of the gluing homeomorphism chosen.

This construction is an important source of examples both in the field of low-dimensional topology as well as in geometric group theory. In the former we find that the geometry of the three-manifold is determined by the dynamics of the homeomorphism. This is the fibered part of William Thurston's geometrization theorem for Haken manifolds, whose proof requires the Nielsen–Thurston classification for surface homeomorphisms as well as deep results in the theory of Kleinian groups. In geometric group theory the fundamental groups of such bundles give an important class of HNN-extensions: that is, extensions of the fundamental group of the fiber (a surface) by the integers.

A simple special case of this construction (considered in Henri Poincaré's foundational paper) is that of a torus bundle.

title: Surface bundle over the circle


text:
Cold Fever

Cold Fever (Á köldum klaka) is a 1995 Icelandic film directed by Friðrik Þór Friðriksson. It is a road movie set in Iceland and was the first of Friðrik's films to be made in the English language. The movie depicts the travels of a Japanese man across Iceland. It was jokingly promoted as the best Icelandic-Japanese road movie of 1995.

Synopsis
Hirata is a successful Japanese businessman whose plan for a two-week winter holiday in Hawaii to play golf changes when his elderly grandfather reminds him that he should go to Iceland.

Hirata's parents died there seven years ago, and the seven-year anniversary of a death is a significant event in Japanese culture. Hirata must perform a ceremony in the river where they died after drowning in an avalanche – the drowned must be fed by the surviving family members if they are to find peace.

Hirata arrives in Reykjavík, Iceland. His final destination is a remote river on the far side of the island. He encounters one mishap and misadventure after another. He first accidentally gets on a wrong bus filled with German tourists traveling to see the hot springs. He also confronts a language barrier; Hirata cannot speak any Icelandic, and knows very little English. After his first day's misadventures, Hirata decides to purchase an ancient, bright red Citroën DS to make the journey. During the long drive, Hirata meets several strange people along the way. These include the mystical woman who sells him the car, which only plays one radio station. Next, Hirata meets a local woman who collects photographs of funerals. The following day, Hirata meets Jack and Jill, two American hitchhikers, who turn out to be armed and dangerous fugitives who proceed to steal his car. Nearing his destination on foot, Hirata arrives in a small village where he meets an old man named Siggi, the owner of a local lodge who teaches Hirata how to drink the most potent alcoholic beverage in Iceland.

After explaining his determination to travel to where his parents died, Hirata is aided by Siggi who borrows a pair of Icelandic horses from a local farmer, and the two of them travel on horseback to Hirata's destination. After riding across an ice cap glacier, over a ridge and into the valley where Hirata's parents died, he dismounts and tells Siggi that he must go on alone to complete his journey. After traversing a rickety bridge to the river, Hirata arrives at the river bank where he performs his cleansing ceremony at last. He then rejoins Siggi waiting for him and they both ride on their horses down a gully where they make it to a beach and the final shot shows them riding down the coast towards a nearby coastal village which hopefully will have a ferry to take Hirata back to Reykjavík and presumably back to Japan.

Cast

 * Masatoshi Nagase: Hirata
 * Lili Taylor: Jill
 * Fisher Stevens: Jack
 * Gísli Halldórsson: Siggi
 * Seijun Suzuki: Grandfather
 * Laura Huges: Laura
 * Jóhannes B. Guðmundsson: Old Man
 * Bríet Héðinsdóttir: Old Woman
 * Guðmundur Karl Sigurdórsson: Guest at Thorrablot (uncredited)
 * Magnús Ólafsson
 * Rúrik Haraldsson
 * Flosi Ólafsson: Hotel owner
 * Ari Matthíasson
 * Álfrún Örnólfsdóttir
 * Hallbjörn Hjartarson: Cowboy of the North
 * Katrín Ólafsdóttir

Crew

 * Director: Friðrik Þór Friðriksson
 * Screenplay: Jim Stark and Friðrik Þór Friðriksson
 * Producer: Jim Stark
 * Co-producer: George Gund III
 * Executive producer: Reinhard Brundig, Peter Aalbæk Jensen, and Christa Saredi
 * Line producer: Ari Kristinsson
 * Director of Photography: Ari Kristinsson
 * Production Designer: Árni Páll Jóhannsson
 * Editor: Steingrímur Karlsson
 * Film edition: Steingrímur Karlsson
 * Sound Design: Kjartan Kjartansson
 * Sound edition: Ingvar Lundberg
 * Music: Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson
 * Featuring “Killer Boogie” by Þeyr
 * Costume design: María Ólafsdóttir
 * Production manager: Inga Björk Sólnes
 * Gaffer: Andreas Burkhard
 * Generator operator: Eggert Einarsson
 * Still photography: Mark Higashino
 * Script supervisor: Inga Lísa Middleton
 * Colour grader: Petra Schütt
 * Production: Icelandic Film Corporation, Iciclefilm, Pandora Film, Sunrise Inc., Zentropa Entertainments, George Gund III
 * Support: Film Fond of Hamburg

Critical response
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 95% based on 20 reviews, and an average rating of 7.5/10.

title: Cold Fever