text:
Talk:Alfred Stieglitz

Untitled
First sentence of "Early Years" section makes no sense at present -- looks like copy was dropped. I can't tell how to fix. Txensen (talk) 17:12, 16 January 2013 (UTC)

"Stieglitz was a great philanthropist and sympathiser with his fellow human beings. He once received a phone call on one of Adams' visits. A man wanted to show Stieglitz some work. He invited him over, looked at the prints, looked at the man in a rather disheveled state of affairs, looked at the work again. He then offered to buy the paintings and gave him a ten dollar bill, told him to get something warm to eat, get cleaned up, and come back so that they could iron out the details. The look in the man's eyes could have been an eternal testament to the kindness that was Alfred Stieglitz."

This passage is awful- not only biased and unverifiable but badly written. Source for this anecdote is also unacknowledged. Any suggestions? Personally, I would delete the whole passage.

 * I believe the description comes from Ansel Adam's autobiography, however it is not quite as I recall Adams putting it: Stieglitz asked Adams to attend that day, it seemed to me he wanted Adams to bear witness to an act of largesse, which made the whole thing seem phoney to me. Samatarou (talk) 03:08, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

"Stieglitz's stopped taking photographs in 1937 due to heart disease. Over the last ten years of his life, he summered at Lake George, New York and worked in a shed he had converted into a darkroom and wintered with O'Keeffe in Manhattan. He died in 1946 at 82, still a staunch supporter of O'Keeffe and she of him."

The last sentence in this paragraph is particularly bad too- a huge over-simplification of a complex relationship, unacknowledged source and certainly not impartial.

Pest247 23:35, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

"He announced that every published image would be a picture, not a photograph—a statement that allowed Stieglitz to determine which was which by his scientific method."

This sentence doesn't make any sense at all, to the extent that I don't even know how to fix it. I might delete it.

 * It means that not all photographs have artistic merit and are worthy of being published in a journal.

Jwucd (talk)11/25/2007 I agree. This article has serious tone and bias problems. E.g., the paragraph ending with "The look in the man's eyes could have been an eternal testament to the kindness that was Alfred Stieglitz." This is embarrassing. It adds nothing to an encyclopedia biography to include some unknown person's unproven judgments about the subject's inner character and worth as a human being. This is the sort of thing that gives Wikipedia a bad name.

Wikipedia is not an obituary or eulogy. Stieglitz may have been second to none as a person, but if it can't be presented in a neutral way, it shouldn't be in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jwucd (talk • contribs) 06:47, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree, I think the article needs a total rewrite, the whole thing reads very oddly. For instance, the remark that Stieglitz had an infatuation with younger women - yet there is no corroborating information, not even the age of the wife mentioned in the same sentence. Samatarou (talk) 03:08, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

In 1910 it was the Albright Art Gallery. Didn't become Albright-Knox Art Gallery until about 50 years later. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.96.194.0 (talk) 17:01, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

Images
As I believe the portion of his work published in the United States before 1923 is PD-US copyright status, perhaps an exaple or two of his better early work might be good to add to the article? -- Infrogmation 20:04, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Fountain
The photo of Duchamp's Fountain doesn't seem at all representative of Stieglitz's art. >>sparkit|TALK<< 21:00, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree this photo is not representative. Since I discovered that a copy of The Steerage and an O'Keefe portrait were available to us, I made the change. The Fountain could also be added back if anyone feels strongly about it.  I removed it because I think the page would look too crowded.  SteveHopson 21:25, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Seems a good choice to me. See also my note above. -- Infrogmation 23:20, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Strand
Article says "He was influenced in part by painter Charles Sheeler and photographic newcomer Paul Strand, both of whom he met in 1915." But in fact Strand had been showing Stieglitz his work for several years by then: 1915 is when Stieglitz was sufficiently impressed to give him an exhibition. I don't know when they first met though, but it could have been as early as 1906 which is when Strand first visited a photo seccessionist exhibition there. Samatarou (talk) 00:49, 19 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for noticing this inaccuracy. I've changed the entry to correct this point. Lexaxis7 (talk) 17:12, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

Too long!
In my opinion, this entire article is about 500% too long... yet it's also lacking in relevant detail. I hope someone with expertise in Stieglitz and editorial skill can rewrite it. Thanks in advance! Tina Kimmel (talk) 07:48, 3 October 2013 (UTC)

 * 500% too long, huh? So it would have to become negative space in order to be better? I would be interested in learning about what you think is relevant detail - please provide some examples. Like all Wikipedia articles, it's now been edited by many people, so the editorial skills will always vary. But actually, I consulted with two Stieglitz scholars when I wrote the core of the current article. Lexaxis7 (talk) 03:15, 4 October 2013 (UTC)

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Edits
As mentioned above, the article has been too long and had tone issues. I have made copy edits to reduce the size of the article - from 71k to 55k - but it is still detailed in places. The article is tagged for needing more sources. I am not sure if some of this is original research or not.— CaroleHenson   (talk) 03:26, 28 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Please provide some information about what leads you to believe this article is too long. Stieglitz is one of the most important photographers and art promoters of the early 20th century, and all of the information in the article is relevant to his career. This article is shorter than those of other artists such as Degas, Monet, Pollock, Rothko and many others, so length seems to be a highly subjective measurement. As the author of much of this version of this article, I can assure you that none of it was original research. Lexaxis7 (talk) 17:41, 4 February 2017 (UTC)

 * It's good to know that there's no original research. Since you've worked on the article, perhaps you can help fill in the places where citations are missing with the sources that you used.

 * I'm just concerned that it will be found to be too long; didn't read by readers because there is so much detail and it's not organized in a way that readers can go directly to a topic of interest (how he promoted photography and modern art, relationship with O'Keeffe, journalist/publisher, Stieglitz's circle, etc.) - instead you really have to read through the entire article. The Degas article is structured like several mini articles - so that the reader can go to the topic of interest - artistic style, sculpture, etc. - and you don't have to read the entire article to get that information. Similarly, the Monet article pinpoints topics, like Impressionism, his style, etc.— CaroleHenson   (talk) 20:58, 4 February 2017 (UTC)

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Uncited content
There was a LOT of uncited content - much of what looked to be original research. Per More citations needed, uncited content may be challenged and removed. (Side note: in my opinion, it seems the cleanest way to deal with this much uncited content. A maintenance tag may sit on an article for years... and in the meantime information that may not be correct or may be opinion remains in the article.)

If someone wants to work on finding sources for the uncited content here, that would be lovely. I would do it, but there's way too much.–CaroleHenson (talk) 15:21, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alfred Stieglitz


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Susan Lulgjuraj

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  14:59, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Susan Lulgjuraj
Entire article reads: Susan Lulgjuraj is a journalist for the SPORTS section of The Press of Atlantic City. An online newspaper. Only 91 Google hits, some of which are from a DVD review on 21 Jump Street (not sure if they are the same person). Notability not established, might be vanity. Delete. JamesBurns 05:04, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonnotable. Looks like an attempt to turn the red links at The Press of Atlantic City blue. I'd say delete the Journalists heading of that article so it doesn't happen any more. --Angr/undefined 06:47, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Not notable at this time. We can solve that redlink problem by unlinking all those names in The Press of Atlantic City.  I really wish folks didn't automatically link every proper noun.  Angr is right: delete the whole section "Journaists."  Geogre 17:23, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable. --Etacar11 22:20, 15 Jun 2005

 * Cleanup I agree a little bit with Agnr but I think its just needs some more information, because I have read the newspaper Lulgjuraj wrote.--MLSfan0012 (UTC)
 * no contribution history by user:MLSfan0012. Megan1967 05:58, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This should stay because though on Google there are a few number of hits the first few articles make plenty of sense about her...I think it should be a biography stub instead. --DCUnitedRock23
 * This user's only edit. --Etacar11 15:18, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete article fails to establish notability. Megan1967 05:58, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User:Jesus Lover

I am Ion Radescu, the younger brother of User:NazismIsntCool and User:Barely There. I am currently learning Esperanto.

 * Birthdate: 4 April 1986
 * Birthplace: Timisoara, Romania (I still live there)

Do not confuse me with a vandal account on ro: bearing the same name. I've seen how fast he can move pages to English-language sentences concerning sex-related topics - he can do 50 in the space of less than 3 minutes.

title: User:Jesus Lover


text:
Category:Eukaryotes

A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. The defining membrane-bound structure that sets eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells is the nucleus, within which the genetic material is carried. All large complex organisms are eukaryotes, including animals, plants and fungi. The group also includes many unicellular organisms.

title: Category:Eukaryotes


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User talk:Timothy687

Please see my comments at Talk:Nicolae_Ceausescu. I would appreciate a response; I'm trying to avoid simply reverting your edit. -- Jmabel | Talk 05:09, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Timothy687


text:
Talk:Adam Stemple

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Talk:Aborigine

Aborigine disambiguation
Deleted the subheading " Aborigine also mean's in english "ill bash ya ...removed (is this humour or racism?) " " (sic). --Hotel city 07:48, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Page changed from redirect (Indigenous peoples), to a disambig for Aborigine/Aboriginal...see Talk:Indigenous_peoples --cjllw | TALK  05:10, 2005 Jun 15 (UTC)

Why do we have a aborigine page and a aborigine (disambiguation) page? the disambiguation page doesn't disambiguate anything that isn't already on the aborigine, it is merely less complete and informative. The aborigine page should say "disambiguation" and the current disambiguation page should be removed. If ther are no objections, ill do it soon. --Ballchef 00:56, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Ballchef, the aborigine (disambiguation) pg is a recent creation, and formerly aborigine did have a dab notice on it. See the recent Edit history for some indication; it boils down to a slight disagreement on whether "standard" stylistics ought to be employed here or not. My own personal preference is for this pg (Aborigine) to be flagged as a dab pg, whilst retaining the information it has. A proper article should not be built on this page, since there are already separate articles on the various things which the term "Aborigine" could refer to; nor should this be a simple redirect since there is more than one article it could point to. Aborigine (disambiguation) is only linked to this pg, & I agree it is unlikely to be useful to dab anything as it stands. However, a pg "Aborigine" (without the (disambiguation) bit added) is needed, since many editors will continue to (and have already) created links to it, when they actually meant to link to one of the alternatives listed on the pg. Therefore, unless you go back and change all these Aborigine, aborigines, aboriginal, etc links to aborigine (disambiguation), and continue to monitor future link creation to these pages, I don't think it will help any to use the "aborigine (disambiguation)" page title format.
 * To put it another way, IMO the "article-name (disambiguation)" pg title standard/format only works when there is a primary article with the title "article-name", and the "article-name(disambiguation)" link is placed at its top and refers to the other, subsidiary meanings. In this particular case, Aborigine will not be expanded as an article on its own merits, and so ought to contain instead the dab references, as most editors cannot be expected to use cjllw | TALK  01:48, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks CJ. OK, i dont want to expand aborigine, but how about I copy the content of that article and replace the content at aborigine (disambiguation), then redirect aborigine to the dab page. if aborigine redirects, then any pages that link to aborigine will redirect wont they? At the least I will vote to merge the pages for now.
 * On abother note, I looked at what links here for aborigine, and there are a LOT of pages. I would guess that most of these pages are supposed to link to any one of the three types of aborigines pages, not the aborigine page which is virtually a disambiguation page. that will take a long time. sigh. --Ballchef 04:42, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Any replies, please post at Talk:aborigine (disambiguation) thanks. --Ballchef 04:52, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

"native"?
The intro says "...peoples who are native to a land..." and says "native" twice more. Is this a correct use of the word, or should these say "indigenous", "pre-colonial" or something? Native includes all people born in a place, not just of pre-historic ancestry in that place. --ScottDavis 06:46, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I changed the 3rd instance of "native" to "indigenous", to avoid over-repetitous usage. The other two instances should be fine. The trick is to provide a definition for Aborigine without using the term itself, and of the terms which are sometimes used in a cognate sense, few of them these days are considered appropriate. "Pre-colonial" does not work (e.g., for Taiwanese Aborigines), and expressions such as "primitive", "stone-age" or "prehistoric" are dated and perjorative to boot. Note that the Native article does distinguish two senses: "native" in the casual (etymological) sense of "having been born in", and "native" as a referral to peoples whose habitation of an area preceded that of Western familiarity and presence in the area (and usually thought of as being tribal-based peoples as well). The latter use does have some colonial overtones, and its usage is often now deprecated, except in a couple of usages where its adoption has persisted (cf. Native Americans). --cjllw | TALK  00:43, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

 * If the term "native" is used to identify Australian Aborigines as well as the term "indigenous", what term is left to identify people born in Australia of other ethnic origins? I don't identify with the homeland of any of the 30 or so of my immigrant ancestors (mostly in the 1850s and 1860s), especially as some of those migrated to escape religious persecution in the country they came from. --ScottDavis 02:00, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * In the particular context of Australia, referring to Australian Aborigines collectively as "natives" (common noun) is not in widespread contemporary practice, as I'm sure you'd be aware. They can be said to be "native to" (adjectival use) the continent, however where adjectives are called for, "aboriginal" or "indigenous" are now the preferred terms. However this article serves only to briefly explain the various senses in which the word "Aborigine" may be encountered (not restrictive to Australia), and where "native" appears it only does so to clarify what is meant, rather than equate the two terms exactly. As far as how best to refer to other non-Aboriginal or TSI peoples in Australia goes, there are a variety of terms and expressions which might be employed, depending on the circumstances: "Native-born Australian", "nth-generational Australian", "Australian of European (or other) descent", etc. Probably just simply "Australian" or "Australian citizen" would do, unless one particularly wanted to highlight ethnic background or descent. Given the wide range and admixtures of ethnic/cultural ancestries which are possible, it's not surprising that there is no universal descriptor. For whatever reasons, Australian society at large has not yet embraced "native Australian" to include all its peoples, even if the expression sometimes is used that way. --cjllw | TALK  04:48, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

 * The term "native Australian" has meant people born here of foreign ancestry for over a century - see Australian Natives Association for example. It looks like you have a much better understanding of the issues than I do—would the first line be acceptable as something like "...in general the peoples who first occupied a land, ..."? --ScottDavis 05:24, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * When the ANA co-opted "Australian Natives" back in the 19C., it would seem to have been a purposeful act to distinguish themselves from the British, and they no doubt disdained the formula "Colonials". Nowadays, if someone uses the phrase "Australian natives" you're more likely to think of eucalypts and banksias (I suppose we have Don Burke and his ilk to thank for that!). But no matter, anyone is free to use whatever qualifying terminology they like, the only arbiter being whether or not they are unambiguously understood. As far as the use of the word "native" in this article goes, replacing it with "...who first occupied a land" conveys the same sort of sense, with a proviso that not all such groups are necessarily the first inhabitants. Personally I am happy with the current formulation, but I'm certainly not claiming to be a final authority. If you do want to change it, perhaps use "...peoples who are the earlier inhabitants of a land", or something on those lines.--cjllw |  TALK  10:05, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

 * I've had a go at changing it. If it's still not suitable, feel free to fix it further. I don't intend to create/continue a dispute from now on. Thanks for the interesting conversation anyway. --ScottDavis 12:12, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

You want more? -> http://users.orac.net.au/~mhumphry/aborigin.html andrew has no penis, well he did until his girlfriend bit it off.

spencer wells
You can try The Journey of man, Deep ancestry or Mapping Human history. El Bab

Australia explanation
I undid the edit by User:OrganicAtom. The term indigenous Australian includes two broad ethnic groups: The Torres Strait Islanders (originally from the Torres Strait Islands and far northern Queensland) and the Australian Aborigines (presently a redirect to Indigenous Australians) which refers to over 300 language groups of the original inhabitants of the rest of the Australian mainland, some adjacent islands, and Tasmania. --Scott Davis Talk 07:03, 10 February 2007 (UTC) Hello. I wanted to know who these aborgnes are. Were these slaves like in America? This page is short and does not tell me who they are. Why were the aborignes in Australia, I am new here in Western Australia. My friends at college did not know/ Vicki R 12:06, 17 February 2007 (UTC) so is keane. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.27.190.203 (talk) 21:44, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

Name
According to Gillissen (2004): Kulturschock Australien, Bielefeld: Peter Rump, Australian Aborigines/Aboriginals dislike being called Aborigines and prefer always to be referred to by (the principally adjectival form) Aboriginals. From that point of view, the article should redirect from Aborigines to Aboriginals rather than vice versa. -- Jan Hansen, 2-12-2007 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.14.17.70 (talk) 17:06, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

True. The departments of the Australian government, academic institutions, community and social organisations all use the word Aboriginal as both the noun and adjective. The truth of the matter is that there is no such thing as an Aborigine. In other words, the indigenous peoples of Australia are not one. They are different nations which differing (though bgroadly similar) languages, customs, spirituality and technology.--Gazzster (talk) 04:54, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

The term "Aborigine" is an umbrella word used to describe all such folk, no matter how they subdivide themselves or others do it for them. I personally use the term "Aboriginal Australian" to specify Australian aboriginal people rather than the aborigines of (say) Japan or America. I note that this is a disambiguation page - perhaps the OP is unaware of the wider meaning? --Pete (talk) 05:34, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

Sure, many people still use the word aborigine, and it could be noted it is the vulgar, but technically incorrect word. But really, aborigine should redirect to Aboriginal, not the other way around. It looks bad, wouldn't you agree?--Gazzster (talk) 05:46, 23 December 2007 (UTC) THIS DOESN"T HELP ME AT ALL !! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.208.3.13 (talk) 07:00, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

"Caucasian"
There's a link to Caucasian under "Aboriginal Peoples in Europe". To what does this refer? White people in general, or people from the Caucausus? The link goes to a disambiguation page. -- ... disco spinster   talk  00:09, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

Aboriginal Australian
The term "Aborigine" is not widely used today, but has been until recently. It is not an exclusively colonial term and was in general use throughout the Twentieth Century. Even less so for "Aboriginal Australian", a term widely used by contemporary reliable sources. A quick google of news sources shows many current uses, such as this one from the ABC. --Pete (talk) 07:31, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
 * - the note was about the term "Aborigine", as the page is about Aborigine. The length of time since it has been deprecated may be debated (pretty sure it's not been used in official sources I've been in Australia), but it is definitely not acceptable use today (per my draft guide, which I think you've had a look at?). Aboriginal Australians is of course acceptable - it's the article title. Laterthanyouthink (talk) 08:14, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, I take your point but the fact is that "Aborigine" is in fact still in use today"NAIDOC stands for National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee. Its origins can be traced to the emergence of Aboriginal groups in the 1920′s which sought to increase awareness in the wider community of the status and treatment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. - NAIDOC history"The current use of the term "Aborigine" and "Aboriginal" is widespread in all communities, including Aboriginal Australian contexts. A google search yields thousands of mentions, covering every conceivable usage. --Pete (talk) 10:23, 20 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aborigine


text:
Rajesh Touchriver

Rajesh Touchriver (born M. S. Rajesh) is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and produce known for his works in English, Malayalam, Telugu, and Hindi language films. He received various National and International honors for his works. In 2002 he directed In the Name of Buddha which was later screened in the Spotlight on India section at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival. In 2013, he scripted, and directed the social problem film Naa Bangaaru Talli which won five International honors, the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu, and four state Nandi awards including Second Best Feature Film.

Early life
Rajesh Touchriver was born in Arakulam, Idukki district, Kerala, India as the youngest son of Siva Sankaran Nair and Rukmini Amma. He had some early training in Kalaripayattu. He took his bachelor's degree in Design and Direction from the School of Drama and Fine Arts in 1992, Trissur, Kerala.

Early career
He worked with the National School of Drama, New Delhi as a designer in 1995. By the year 1998, he had directed more than 30 plays in Malayalam, English and Telugu languages. Rajesh won the Charles Wallace Trust Award in 2001 and pursued his master's degree in visual language/scenography and direction from the Wimbledon College of Art, London.

Rajesh's debut film In the Name of Buddha (2002) was premiered at the Oslo International Film Festival and won critical acclaim. Controversial in theme, the film is a treatment of the ethnic conflict then raging in Sri Lanka. The film was screened at international film festivals in 2003 and won the Best Foreign Film award at the Beverly Hills International Film Festival, the Newport Beach International Film Festival and at the Wine Country International Film Festival in the same year. Rajesh directed two Telugu films in the interim: 10 the Strangers and Alex, the Blue Fox.

Documentaries and short films
Rajesh has made several short films and documentaries on human trafficking, HIV/AIDS and communal riots that support the media advocacy initiatives of the United Nations and NGOs, national and international. His film for the United Nations, One Life, No Price for social sensitisation against human trafficking was well received by civil society organisations internationally.

Anamika, the Nameless on a similar theme which was shot in the red light areas of India in Mumbai, Kolkata, Pune and Delhi, won the AC award under the "Best Foreign Award – Documentary Short Film" category and the Best Documentary Film Award at the Hyderabad International Film Festival. The film has been included in the curriculum of National Police Academy and National Judicial Academy.

The Sacred Face, a short film on child sexual abuse, sent the audience back home unsettled at its screening in Hyderabad. Following the success of in the Name of Buddha, Rajesh directed the music video for "Sunshowers" for Maya Arulpragasam (M.I.A.).

Music videos – screenplay, direction

 * "Sunshowers" for MIA XL Recording, London, UK (3 mins, English, Super 16 mm, 2004)
 * "Hire Fire" for Prajwala (music album containing six 4 mins songs against human trafficking, Hindi/Telugu, DV, 2004)

Awards

 * National Film Awards
 * Best Feature Film in Telugu – Na Bangaaru Talli (2013)

 * Nandi Awards
 * Second Best Feature Film - Na Bangaaru Talli (2013)

Other honors

 * Best Director (Regional cinema) Rajasthan International Film Festival 2018
 * Best Foreign Feature Film Award – Crossing The Screen International Film Festival 2017
 * Award of Excellence from IFFCRM, Indonesia – 2013
 * Best Filmmaker of the Year Award IFFCRM, Jakarta, Indonesia – 2013
 * Award of Excellence from IFFCRM, Indonesia – 2013
 * Best Feature Film Award Trinity International Film Festival – 2013
 * Best Documentary Film Award Hyderabad International Film Festival – 2008
 * Best Editing Award Festival De Cine De Granada – 2007
 * Best Foreign Documentary film Award Action Cut International Film Festival 2006
 * Outstanding Alumnus Award – School of Drama- 2003
 * Best Film Award Wine country International Film Festival- 2003
 * Best Film Award New port Beach International Film Festival – 2003
 * Best Foreign Film Award - Beverly Hills International Film Festival- 2003
 * The Charles Wallace India Trust Award.- 2001
 * Indie International Best Foreign Feature Film – Raktham - The Blood
 * Indie International Best Overall Feature Film – Peoples Choice – Raktham - The Blood

title: Rajesh Touchriver


text:
Othello (1951 film)

Othello (also known as The Tragedy of Othello: The Moor of Venice) is a 1951 tragedy directed and produced by Orson Welles, who also adapted the Shakespearean play and played the title role. Recipient of the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film (precursory name for the Palme d'Or ) at the 1952 Cannes Film Festival, the film was distributed by United Artists when it was released in the United States in 1955. Othello was filmed on location over a three-year period in Morocco, Venice, Tuscany and Rome as well as at the Scalera Studios in Rome.

In addition to Orson Welles, the cast consisted of Micheál Mac Liammóir as Iago (one of his only starring film roles), Robert Coote as Roderigo, Suzanne Cloutier as Desdemona, Michael Laurence as Cassio, Fay Compton as Emilia and Doris Dowling as Bianca. Three different versions of the film have seen theatrical release — two supervised by Welles and a 1992 restoration supervised by his daughter Beatrice Welles.

Plot
The film closely follows the plot of the play, but restructures and reorders individual scenes. Welles trimmed the source material, which is generally around three hours when performed, to a little over 90 minutes for the film. The opening funeral scene is not in the original play.

The movie opens with Othello and Desdemona's funeral.

The first main scene shows Iago's complaining to Roderigo about not being advised of the marriage between Othello and Desdemona. Roderigo is contemplating killing himself but Iago says “Ere I would say I would drown myself for the love of a guinea hen, I would change my humanity with a baboon,” meaning Iago would rather be a baboon than kill himself over a woman. Iago further says "Put but money in thy purse" and urges Roderigo to sell all his lands and give the money to Iago, who will use it to convince Desdemona to have sex.

Desdemona's father Brabantio is furious about the marriage after being told of it by Iago and Roderigo. Brabantio accuses Othello of bewitching his daughter. Othello convinces Brabantio that it was not witchcraft but rather by his tragic tales.

By planting a handkerchief, Iago convinces Othello that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. Othello previously promoted Cassio to lieutenant over Iago, hence Iago's jealousy.

Othello strangles Desdemona. Iago knifes Emilia to death as she protests Desdemona's innocence. Othello realises his mistake.

Cast (in order of appearance)

 * Micheál Mac Liammóir as Iago
 * Suzanne Cloutier as Desdemona
 * Orson Welles as Othello
 * Robert Coote as Roderigo
 * Hilton Edwards as Brabantio
 * Michael Laurence as Cassio
 * Fay Compton as Emilia
 * Nicholas Bruce as Lodovico
 * Jean Davis as Montano
 * Doris Dowling as Bianca

Production

One of Welles' more complicated shoots, Othello was filmed erratically over three years. Shooting began in 1949, but was forced to shut down when the film's original Italian producer announced on one of the first days of shooting that he was bankrupt. Instead of abandoning filming altogether, Welles as director began pouring his own money into the project. When he ran out of money as well, he needed to stop filming for months at a time to raise money, mostly by taking part in other productions. Because of lack of funds, production was stopped at least three times. The film found some imaginative solutions to a range of logistical problems; the scene in which Roderigo is murdered in a Turkish bath was shot in that form because the original costumes were impounded and using replacements would have meant a delay. One of the fight scenes starts in Morocco, but the ending was shot in Rome several months later. Welles used the money from his acting roles, such as in The Third Man (1949), to help finance the film, but this often involved pausing filming for several months while he went off to raise money; and these pauses were further complicated by the shifting availability of different actors, which meant that some key parts (like Desdemona) had to be recast, and whole scenes then reshot. This lengthy shoot is detailed in Micheál MacLiammóir's book Put Money in Thy Purse.

When Welles acted in the 1950 film The Black Rose, he insisted that the coat his character, Bayan, wore be lined with mink, even though it would not be visible. Despite the expense, the producers agreed to his request. At the end of filming, the coat disappeared, but could subsequently be seen in Othello with the fur lining exposed.

Welles was reportedly extremely satisfied with the film's musical score by Angelo Francesco Lavagnino, and Lavagnino again provided the musical scores of Welles' two subsequent Shakespearean films: Chimes at Midnight (1965) and The Merchant of Venice (1969).

Release
A dubbed version of Othello premiered in Rome, Italy on 29 November 1951. Welles' original English-language version premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on 10 May 1952, and went on general release in Europe. Unlike that of the subsequent American cut, the soundtrack was generally without flaws, apart from some dubbing that was slightly out of sync. It features different edits of many scenes from the other two versions, with alternative camera angles used. A print remains stored in the Paris Cinematheque.

Welles supervised a different version of Othello for the American market, a 93-minute cut released on 12 September 1955 in New York City. This had a number of minor editing and several major soundtrack changes, including Welles' replacement of his spoken-word titles with written credits (requested by the film's distributor, United Artists) and the addition of a narration by Welles. Suzanne Cloutier's entire performance was dubbed by Gudrun Ure, who had previously played Desdemona opposite Welles in a 1951 theatre production of Othello that was staged to raise funds to complete the film. Paul Squitieri, in a 1993 PhD study of the film in its various forms, argues that the U.S. version represents a "compromise", with some of the changes forced on Welles, and that the original European cut represents the truest version. A Criterion LaserDisc of this version came out in 1994, but was withdrawn from sale after legal action by Welles' daughter, Beatrice Welles.

Welles featured Othello clips in his 1978 Filming Othello, but these had all been completely reedited by him for the documentary, and so do not appear in the original film in the same form. The clips were accompanied by a voiceover from Welles, so that no part of the original soundtrack was heard in Filming Othello.

Critical reception
Released in Europe to acclaim in 1952, Othello won the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film at the Cannes Film Festival under the Moroccan flag. Welles could not find the film a distributor in the United States for over three years, and even after its U.S. release it was largely ignored.

The film was re-released to theaters in a 1992 restoration that screened "out of competition" at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival and was shown to acclaim in the United States although the sound restoration would subsequently be criticized. The film has a 93% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 32 reviews with an average rating of 7.9/10. The website's critical consensus states "This ragged take on Othello may take liberties with the source material, but Orson Welles' genius never fails to impress."

1992 restoration
In 1992, Beatrice Welles-Smith, daughter of Orson Welles, supervised a restoration of the film, which saw over $1,000,000 spent on improving the picture quality, resynchronizing the audio, adding extra sound effects, and completely rerecording the music in stereo. Although the restoration was greeted with positive reviews upon its release, it subsequently came under attack for numerous technical flaws and alterations. Further alterations were made between the restoration's theatrical release and its home media release, after complaints that the opening scene lacked the Gregorian chanting it had previously had, and another scene was missing entirely. This is the only version which has been available on VHS and DVD since the mid-1990s, since legal action by Beatrice Welles has blocked either version released by Orson Welles from being sold. This version runs to 91 minutes.

Multiple film historians criticized the restoration work. Jonathan Rosenbaum argued that numerous changes were made against Welles' intent and that the restoration was incompetent, having used as its source an original distribution print with a flawed soundtrack. In fact, the visual elements of the 1992 restoration utilized a fine-grain master positive — discovered in a storage facility in New Jersey — as its source, not a distribution print. The audio came from a distribution print that was resynchronized, virtually syllable by syllable, by the restoration team to match the master positive. As some voice parts had music underneath, the newly recorded music and effects track had to match whatever music was underneath the dialogue, leading to inconsistencies. The flaw in the American cut's soundtrack is how white noise is audible in the background throughout dialogue and music, but that the noise cuts out when there is no action—meaning the white noise is more noticeable whenever it returns. The restoration sought to minimize this problem, but it is still present in places. By contrast, the white noise problem is not present to begin with in Welles' original 1952 European cut.

Rosenbaum makes several charges of incompetence on the restoration team's part, including that the restoration team were unaware of the European cut's existence, and instead based their work on the American cut which was farther from Welles' original vision. The team recut the order of entire scenes to make the dialogue match. One scene was inexplicably missing from the cinema release, but restored for the video/DVD release. The opening scene, in cinema release, was lacking the important Gregorian chanting, but this was restored for the DVD. The soundtrack attracted particular criticism. Instead of consulting the papers of composer Angelo Francesco Lavagnino, where a full copy of the score survives, the restorers chose to transcribe the music from the poor-quality audio of the print they had, with numerous mistakes having been made — Lavagnino's son has gone so far as to argue the new score is so different it is no longer his father's work. The new score was also recorded with arguably less impressive resources than the original version—although Welles only used a single microphone for a monaural soundtrack, he had 40 mandolins playing in his version, while the new stereo soundtrack used three. Further, Rosenbaum states that by refusing to give permission for her father's version to be shown or released, Beatrice Welles "effectively made her father’s version of the film (as well as, more indirectly, his final feature Filming Othello) illegal, so that she can make more money on her own version", since she only receives royalties on the version which she restored. Many of these criticisms have been subsequently echoed by other scholars such as David Impastato and Michael Anderegg.

Anderegg particularly criticizes the bold claims made by the restorers at the time of the film's 1992 release, including Beatrice Welles' statements "This is a film that no one has seen", that it was a "lost film", and that it was "never given a theatrical release" (all of which are untrue), and he dismisses as hyperbolic the judgment of film restorer Michael Dawson that Welles' original dubbing was like "Japanese sci-fi." Instead, Anderegg argues that Othello was simply seldom screened. Jonathan Rosenbaum has defended the out-of-synchronization dubbing of some lines in Welles' original version, pointing out it was typical of European films of the early 1950s, and likening modern attempts to resynchronize it to the proposed colorisation of Citizen Kane.

In 2014 Carlotta Films U.S. released a 2K digital restoration of the 1992 version on D.C.P. This digital version premiered in Dallas at the 2014 USA Film Festival, and subsequently played in other cities on the art-house circuit. The New Yorker reported that the monaural soundtrack was a great improvement on the previous version of the restoration — "much more appropriate for a low-budget, black-and-white 1952 release."

Home media
On September 26, 2017, The Criterion Collection released both the European and 1955 US versions of Othello on Blu-ray and DVD. Special features include the short film Return to Glennascaul (1951); audio commentary by Peter Bogdanovich and Myron Meisel; and interviews with Simon Callow, Joseph McBride, François Thomas and Ayanna Thompson.

title: Othello (1951 film)


text:
C. F. Payne

Chris Fox Payne is an American caricaturist and illustrator. He graduated with BFA from Miami University in Ohio in 1976 and began a freelance career in 1980.

His illustrations may be found on covers of Time, Sports Illustrated, Rolling Stone, Mad, Esquire, National Geographic, Spy; his series Our America exclusively on the back covers of Reader's Digest, and many others. He also provided the original illustrations for the first three "Molly" books in the American Girl series.

Payne did a series of postage stamps of famous singers for the United States Postal Service. He is a recipient of numerous awards for his works, including the National Cartoonist Society Magazine Illustration Award for 2002 and their Book Illustration Award for 2003.

He is among the founders of the Illustrators' Partnership of America. He is currently an instructor at Columbus College of Art and Design, as well as a visiting instructor at the Illustration Academy.

title: C. F. Payne


text:
User talk:Ziggythehamster

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 05:15, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Also, I noticed you uploaded Image:Tourniquet Band Photo.gif. Thing is, I couldn't find anything on the firestream.net page to say that the image is licensed under {{cc-by-sa-2.5}} - could you please verify that the image is indeed under this license? Thanks, Alphax τεχ 05:15, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

photos
As long as they are the original copyright owner, it should be fine :) Also, ask them to put a "copyrights" section on the site, just in case anyone questions this in the future. Alphax τεχ 11:50, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Master Exploder deletion
Hi,

How are you?

I'm sorry if this may come off as spam, but I'd like your help with a Tenacious D item if you're up for it. Master Exploder was deleted. However, it is now up for deletion review. You can comment at Deletion_review. I believe that the vote, while in favor for deletion, was too close to be closed at the time. Thanks. Milchama 03:16, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

Christian Metal Project
If you are interested in joining a potential Project Wiki Christian Metal project go here to sign up. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Proposals#Christian_Metal --E tac 08:40, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Tourniquet - Intense Live Series, Vol. 2.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Tourniquet - Intense Live Series, Vol. 2.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:59, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Tourniquet - Intense Live Series, Vol. 2.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Tourniquet - Intense Live Series, Vol. 2.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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Non-free use disputed for Image:Tourniquet - Intense Live Series, Vol. 2.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Tourniquet - Intense Live Series, Vol. 2.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted after seven days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 05:23, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

Re: Request blocking editing my user page...
Hiya. To request removal of the personal info from the edit history, simply follow the instructions at requests for oversight. Be sure to include the page and the offending edit(s). Additionally, you can request page protection of your user page (ideally semi-protect, because then you can still edit it but that pesky IP user can't). If you happen to have any more questions, feel free to lemme know =) Cheers. :) -- slakr  \ talk / 09:42, 14 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Speaking of which, per your request at RFPP, I have semi-protected your userpage. :) Jmlk  1  7  05:44, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

License violation?
On Talk:Kix (band), I have expressed a concern that a website has ripped off content from Wikipedia without citing where they got it, which seems to me to be a violation of the GFDL. But I don't know who to contact at Wikipedia to let them know that!
 * I've asked around and a few other editors don't know. I'd file a WP:RFC to maybe get the attention who would know. Ten Pound Hammer  and his otters • (Broken clamshells•Otter chirps) 19:55, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Tourniquet Band Photo.gif
Thank you for uploading File:Tourniquet Band Photo.gif. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.

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File permission problem with File:Ted Kirkpatrick.jpg
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title: User talk:Ziggythehamster


text:
Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)

The Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. Its name is translation from the Ojibwe Miskwaawaakokaan-ziibi meaning "Abundant with Red Cedar River." According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn.

Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River.

Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax, and Menomonie.

Much of the river's course runs through Dunn County, which it nearly bisects from north to south. The Red Cedar flows through Red Cedar Lake and Rice Lake in Barron County (adjacent to the city of Rice Lake), and two reservoirs in central Dunn County: Tainter Lake and Lake Menomin. Below the dam that creates Lake Menomin in Menomonie the Red Cedar River is well known for its large walleye population.

title: Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)


text:
Richard Kind

Richard Kind (born November 22, 1956) is an American actor and comedian. His television roles include Dr. Mark Devanow in Mad About You (1992–1999, 2019), Paul Lassiter in Spin City (1996–2002), Andy in Curb Your Enthusiasm (2002–2021), and Captain Stan Yenko in East New York (2022–2023). He appeared in the films Johns (1996), Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002), I Want Someone to Eat Cheese With (2006), Big Stan (2007), A Serious Man (2009), The Angriest Man in Brooklyn (2014), All We Had (2016), Rifkin's Festival (2020), Tick, Tick... Boom! (2021), and The Out-Laws (2023).

Kind's voice performances in various Pixar films include A Bug's Life (1998), the first two films of the Cars franchise (2006–2011), Toy Story 3 (2010), and Inside Out (2015). He voices Marty Glouberman in the Netflix animated series Big Mouth (2017–present).

He was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance as Marcus Hoff in the 2013 Broadway production of The Big Knife.

Early life
Kind was born in the New Jersey capital of Trenton. He is the son of Alice, a homemaker, and Samuel Kind, a jeweler who formerly owned La Vake's Jewelry in Princeton. With his younger sister, Joanne, he grew up in Lower Makefield Township, Pennsylvania. Kind attended Pennsbury High School with fellow actor Robert Curtis Brown, and he graduated in 1974. In 1978, Kind graduated from Northwestern University, where he was in the fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon. He is also an alumnus of The Second City in Chicago.

Television
Kind portrayed Dr. Mark Devanow on Mad About You (1999), throughout the show's run, and played the role of Paul Lassiter on Spin City (2002). Kind and Michael Boatman were the only two actors to appear in every episode of Spin City. Kind reprised his role in the 2019 revival of Mad About You. While these are two of his highest-profile TV appearances, his first big break on television was as a member of the ensemble cast of Carol Burnett's brief return to sketch comedy, Carol & Company, which ran for two seasons beginning in 1990 on NBC. Kind served as a guest panelist on the 2000 revival of the television game show To Tell the Truth.

He appeared in eight episodes of Larry David's Curb Your Enthusiasm, between 2002 and 2021 as Larry's cousin Andy. In 2006, he guest starred as Lucius Lavin in Stargate Atlantis., in the episodes "Irresistible" and "Irresponsible," making him the only actor to appear in both the original Stargate film and in Stargate Atlantis (as different characters).

Kind had a recurring role in Scrubs, as Harvey Corman, an annoying hypochondriac, who claimed that having the same name as Harvey Korman did not "get [him] as much action as you may think". He also played a role on USA's crime comedy Psych as Hugo, an astronomer who killed a partner for credit for the discovery of a planet ("From the Earth to the Starbucks"), and later on Law & Order: Criminal Intent as a wealthy philanthropist who kills his sister-in-law and niece to protect the money he uses to fund his philanthropic work ("Privilege"). Kind guest-starred on the Disney Channel series Even Stevens, where he played the surly Uncle Chuck. He appeared in an episode of CBS' Two and a Half Men with former Spin City co-star Charlie Sheen on November 12, 2007. He also played a small role on TNT's hit show Leverage playing the part of a corrupt mayor in the second season two-part finale. Kind guest-starred on the Netflix series Disjointed, in the episode "The Worst", playing the corrupt DEA officer Special Agent Schwartz.

He played the role of burnt spy Jesse's ex-boss Marv in three episodes of season 4 of Burn Notice. In 2011, Kind guest-starred in an episode of the ABC sitcom Mr. Sunshine as Rod the Bod. He starred in the HBO series Luck until its cancellation, and he is also the spokesman for On-Cor frozen foods. In February 2013, he made a guest appearance on Kroll Show.

In 2015, he played the GED instructor on Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt and Mayor Aubrey James in Gotham.

In 2022, he plays police captain Stan Yenko in a CBS police procedural crime drama called East New York, but the show was cancelled after the first season. In 2023, he played Saint Peter in Mel Brooks' History of the World, Part II.

Film
Kind had a minor role as Gary Meyers, an archaeologist who translated the symbols on the Stargate prior to James Spader's character's involvement in the 1994 movie Stargate. He appeared in the film National Lampoon's Bag Boy in 2007. Kind played David's father in the Prime series "Red Oaks".

In 2007, Kind played a short role in the indie film The Visitor as Richard Jenkins's neighbor, Jacob. Kind starred in the independent black comedy feature, The Understudy in 2008. In 2008, Kind performed the role of Voltaire in the New York City Opera production of Leonard Bernstein's Candide. Kind played the major supporting role of Arthur Gopnik in the Coen brothers' dark comedy film A Serious Man. He had a small role in Clint Eastwood's Hereafter as Christos Andryo, in 2010. In 2011, he played a supporting dramatic role as Mr. Camp in the feature film Fancypants. In 2012, he was featured in Divorce Invitation.

Actor/director George Clooney is a close friend, and was best man at Kind's wedding to Dana Stanley in 1999. Kind later went on to play the part of a casting director in Clooney's directorial debut Confessions of a Dangerous Mind. Kind also played himself in the short-lived HBO series Unscripted, which Clooney executive produced and directed with Grant Heslov, and played a small role in the film Argo as screenwriter Max Klein, which was produced by both Clooney and Heslov. He also had a supporting role in Ari Aster's horror film Beau Is Afraid (2023).

Theater
Kind created the role of Addison Mizner in Stephen Sondheim's Bounce, and has appeared on Broadway in The Tale of the Allergist's Wife (2000), The Producers (2002), and Sly Fox (2004). He also appeared as the "Jury Foreman" in the film The Producers (2005) and played the lead role of Max Bialystock in a Hollywood Bowl production during July 27–29, 2012. He played Pseudolus in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum at the Sondheim Center for the Performing Arts in Fairfield, Iowa. Kind received a Tony Award nomination for his role in the 2013 Broadway production of The Big Knife. Kind has performed in radio/audio plays for the LA Theatre Works and the Hollywood Theater of the Ear.

Voice work
His voice credits include Tom in Tom and Jerry: The Movie, Molt in Disney/Pixar's A Bug's Life, Van in Disney/Pixar's Cars and Cars 2, Bookworm in Toy Story 3, the narrator for Disney's Go Baby, and Larry the Anaconda in The Wild. In 2000 he did the voice of Mr. Dobbins in Tom Sawyer. In 2001–2002, he voiced the character of Pongo in five episodes of the animated series Oswald. He had a recurring role on the Disney Channel series Kim Possible as the villain Frugal Lucre. He guest starred in The Penguins of Madagascar as Roger the Alligator in the episodes "Haunted Habitat", "Roger Dodger", "Gator Watch", "April Fools", "The All Nighter Before Christmas", and "Operation: Neighbor Swap". He also played the role of Gumbo in an episode of Chowder on Cartoon Network. Kind guest-starred in Phineas and Ferb in the episode "Perry the Actorpus" as the Totally Tools executive. For audio drama, he appeared in three episodes of Around the Sun. In 2021, he narrated several commercials for Freestyle Libre, a device for diabetes patients to monitor their glucose levels.

Kind voiced Riley's imaginary friend Bing Bong in Pixar's Inside Out. He provides the voice of Olly and Saraline's dad Harvey Timbers in Welcome to the Wayne.

Personal life
Kind was married to Dana Stanley from 1999 to 2018. They have three children: a son, Max, and two daughters, Samantha and Skylar.

Kind resides on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City.

He was inducted into the Pennsbury High School Hall of Fame in the inaugural class on October 13, 2022.

Discography

 * Bounce: Original Cast Recording (2004)
 * Original Cast Album: Co-Op (Lakeshore Records, 2019)

title: Richard Kind


text:
Talk:Potts model

In two dimensions, phase transition is first order for q >4, not q>3. (exact solution by Rodney Baxter, Journal of Physcs A, 1973).

This has been fixed.

In three (or more) dimensions, phase transitions first order for q >2. (strong numerical evidence).

(All this is for J >0). For J < 0, existence of phase transitions depends on which lattice.

(This is in discussion, because I need more practice before I start editing articles directly).

''You should feel free to make it better. Mistakes can always be reverted.''

modular group symmetry
One of the more exciting things to me is, a certain variant of the 1-D Potts model, with a long-range interaction, called the Kac model, has a canonical ensemble that is fractally self-similar, under the usual fractal semi-group/groupoid of the modular group. In particular, the integral over the space of states is nothing other than the Minkowski question mark function. The force in the Kac model is exponentially decaying, can can thus be visualized to correspond to a massive particle mdeiating the force. Why is it that such a simple model has hyperbolic aspects, with all those number theoretic implications, connections to elliptic curves, and also all these particle physics aspects? I love this stuff. linas 05:36, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

"The partition function can be used to obtain the thermodynamic properties in the usual way."
Needs more explanation, or at least a link to somewhere. GangofOne 21:56, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Hm, I'll try to reword this; what I was trying to say is that the all the stuff discussed in the article on the partition function can be applied directly to this case. linas 23:42, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

Transfer Operators, Subshifts of Finite Type, Topology, Measures, Etc
There is nothing unique to the Potts model in using transfer "operators". In statistical mechanics the terminology is a transfer matrix and it is defined for any model. In 1D problems transfer matrices allow one to solve models exactly. In 2D it's much more difficult, but Onsager solved the 2D Ising model by diagonalizing its transfer matrix. It is incredibly easy to show a particular example in 1D of a transfer matrix rather than going through an overly complicated discussion of topology and measures and subshifts of finite type, geez! Transfer matrices are standard in statistical mechanics literature and are easy to refer to. Any discussion of subshifts, etc, needs to not only be a minor part of this article - but they require references and should not supersede a typical transfer matrix discussion. They are not standard in discussions of 1D models in statistical mechanics. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:8003:4400:EE01:31ED:FDF0:9829:338D (talk) 17:29, 14 May 2015 (UTC)

To Do from the article
I am moving this list here. It shouldn't be in the article. Deepak 20:15, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

ToDo: (article under development)

 * Show graph of energy states of the Ising model.
 * Show the general form of the solution for a finite-range interaction.
 * Show that the infinite-range force (Kac model) is the trace of a transfer operator.
 * Mark Kac (1956); Foundations of Kinetic Theory, Proceedings of the Third Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, University of California Press, Berkeley, Vol. 3, pp. 171-197
 * Show that the largest eigenvalue of the transfer operator, per the Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius theorem, is the state giving the thermodynamic equilibrium of the system.
 * Add inline links to the References (currently it is not clear which reference one should look at to verify and expand on a given section). --Natematic (talk) 23:23, 6 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Potts model


text:
WLF

WLF is an abbreviation that may stand for:
 * Wallis and Futuna, territory of France, ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code
 * Wu Lin Feng, a Chinese Mixed martial arts show
 * West Liberty Foods, a meat processing company in Iowa
 * The Williams-Landel-Ferry model for expressing the temperature dependence of liquid viscosity
 * Filename extension for a 'WinBackup File Extension Library' file, for example "example.wlf"
 * Filename extension for a 'Mentor Graphics ModelSim' (digital logic simulation application) file. In this context, wlf is short for 'wave log format'
 * Washington Legal Foundation
 * Waist-level finder, a kind of viewfinder used in some cameras
 * Swap loader vehicle ("Wechselladerfahrzeug") in German containerized firefighting equipment
 * World Leagues Forum
 * World Literacy Foundation
 * World Lung Foundation
 * Whittlesford Parkway railway station (station code)
 * Viva La Figa, the meaning of the three letters on Valentino Rossi's leathers

title: WLF


text:
Electoral division of Wanguri

Wanguri is an electoral division of the Legislative Assembly in Australia's Northern Territory. It was first created in 1983. Wanguri is an urban electorate, covering 29 km2, and taking in the north Darwin suburbs of Wanguri, Karama and Leanyer. There were 6,111 people enrolled within the electorate as of August 2020.

Like most electorates in the Territory, Wanguri has a tendency to keep its incumbent members regardless of party. While the Country Liberal Party held it for six years after its creation in 1983, the Labor Party have held it since a 1989 by-election, and it is now reckoned as reasonably safe for that party. Paul Henderson was not expected to have much difficulty retaining Wanguri at the 2005 election, and ultimately held the seat with a strong swing in his favour.

When Henderson resigned in 2013, following his government's defeat in the 2012 election, the resulting by-election saw Nicole Manison hold the seat for Labor. Manison managed to pick up a 12.4 percent swing—according to ABC election analyst Antony Green, the largest against a first term government in Australia in over twenty years. It was enough to revert Wanguri to its traditional status as a comfortably safe Labor seat. Manison consolidated her hold on the seat in the 2016 election, increasing her majority to 19.6 percent. As a result, Wanguri is the third-safest in the Territory and the second-safest seat in the Darwin area.

title: Electoral division of Wanguri


text: Category:Microorganisms

title: Category:Microorganisms


text:
French Community

The French Community (Communauté française) was the constitutional organization set up in October 1958 between France and its remaining African colonies, then in the process of decolonization. It replaced the French Union, which had reorganized the colonial empire in 1946. While the Community remained formally in existence until 1995, when the French Parliament officially abolished it, it had effectively ceased to exist and function by the end of 1960, by which time all the African members had declared their independence and left it.

The Community had a short lifespan because, while the African members did not refuse it, they refrained from real involvement. Under the appearance of equality, the constitution of the Community restricted the sovereignty of the twelve African states, and reaffirmed the preeminence of France, by placing in the domaine commun (exercised in common) critical functions such as foreign affairs, defence, the currency, economic policies and control of raw materials.

Background
The constitution of the Fifth Republic, which created the French Community, was a consequence of the Algerian War. Under the 1946 French Union there was said to be no French colonies, but metropolitan France, the overseas departments, and the overseas territories would instead constitute a single French Union, or just one France. In reality, the colonies had little power, with all power remaining centralized in the French Parliament.

On 31 January 1956, an enabling law changed the system, abandoning assimilation in favor of autonomy, to allow territories to develop their own local government and eventually gain their independence. This was an attempt to quell the concerns over Algerian independence. However, this did not stop the demands for independence. The one million French colonists in Algeria were determined to resist any possible Algerian independence, and they made massive demonstrations in Algiers on 13 May 1958. The trouble, which threatened to become a civil war, provoked a political crisis in France and caused the end of the Fourth Republic. General Charles de Gaulle was recalled to power and a new constitution was written. Initially De Gaulle seemed to confirm the Algerian settlers' hopes that he would help them, ending a speech to them with the cry "Vive l'Algérie française !", but privately he indicated that he did not have any intention of maintaining control of nine million Algerians for the benefit of one million settlers. This attitude was manifest in the new constitution, which provided for the right of the overseas territories to request complete independence.

On 28 September 1958 a referendum was held throughout the French Union and the new constitution was approved, by universal suffrage, in all of the territories except French Guinea, which voted instead for the option of complete independence. Under this new constitution, the French Union was replaced by the French Community and France was now a federation of states with their own self-government.

The territorial assemblies of the remaining overseas territories were then allowed four months, dating from the promulgation of the constitution, i.e. until 4 February 1959, to select one of the following options in accordance with articles 76 and 91 of the constitution:
 * 1) Preserve the status of overseas territory.
 * 2) Become a state of the French Community.
 * 3) Become an overseas department (part of the French Republic).

Only Gabon sought to become an overseas department, but was dissuaded from doing so by the French government. The overseas territories of the Comoro Islands, French Polynesia, French Somaliland, New Caledonia, and St Pierre and Miquelon opted to maintain their status, while Chad, French Dahomey, French Sudan, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mauritania, Middle Congo, Niger, Senegal, Ubangi-Shari, and Upper Volta chose to become states of the French Community, some of them changing their names in the process.

French Guinea, which refused the Constitution, became independent in 1958. President De Gaulle reacted by ordering French civil servants and technicians to leave Guinea immediately. The French settlers took with them all their valuable equipment, repatriated the French sovereign archives and, above all, economic ties were severed. Despite the difficulties, Sékou Touré affirms "rather freedom in poverty than wealth in slavery".

Independences
The Community did not function fully until 1959. In April 1960, agreements were signed to allow the independence of Madagascar "established in republican form" on 14 October 1958, and of the federation of Mali (which then brought together the Senegal and the Sudanese Republic). While the original version of the Constitution provided that "a Member State of the Community may become independent. It therefore ceases to belong to the Community", the constitutional law of 4 June 1960 provides that a State can become independent and, "by means of agreements", remain a member of the Community. The amendment also provides that an already independent State may join the Community, but this provision was never applied.

During 1960, all member states proclaimed their independence:

Although some States did not officially withdraw from the Community, it no longer existed de facto from the end of 1960.
 * in June, the federation of Mali and the Malagasy Republic become independent within the Community;
 * in August, Dahomey, Niger, Upper Volta and Ivory Coast become independent and leave the Community while Chad, Gabon, Central African Republic and Congo become independent within the Community;
 * on August 20, Senegal withdraws from the Federation of Mali and then, in September, the Sudanese Republic becomes the Republic of Mali and withdraws from the Community;
 * in November, Mauritania becomes independent and leaves the Community.

On 16 March 1961 the French Prime Minister, Michel Debré, and the President of the Senate of the Community, Gaston Monnerville, noted by an exchange of letters the lapse of the constitutional provisions relating to the Community.

However, the provisions of the Constitution relating to the Community were not officially repealed until Chapter IV of Constitutional Law No. 95-880 of 4 August 1995.

Members
By early 1959, the members of the French Community were as follows:
 * The French Republic, which was "one and indivisible". All the inhabitants were French citizens and participated with the election of the president of the republic and of the French Parliament. It consisted of:
 * European France, including Corsica (the metropole).
 * Algeria and Sahara. These areas, considered an integral part of France, were divided into departments, 13 in Algeria and 2 in Sahara. All the inhabitants were French citizens, but the Muslims preserved their own juridical status. All sent representatives to the French assemblies and elected municipalities.
 * The overseas departments. Their administration and legislation were in principle those of the metropole, but each of them could receive an individual constitution.
 * French Guiana.
 * Guadeloupe and dependencies.
 * Martinique.
 * Réunion.
 * The overseas territories. They had their own individual organisation with a territorial assembly elected by universal suffrage; the assembly appointed a governing council, its president being the governor appointed by the central power. The French Southern and Antarctic Territories, with no permanent population, were administered directly from Paris.
 * Comoro Islands.
 * French Polynesia.
 * French Somaliland.
 * French Southern and Antarctic Territories.
 * New Caledonia and dependencies.
 * Saint Pierre and Miquelon.
 * The member states, which were initially:
 * Central African Republic.
 * Chad.
 * Congo (Brazzaville).
 * Dahomey.
 * Gabon.
 * Ivory Coast.
 * Malagasy Republic.
 * Mauritania.
 * Niger.
 * Senegal.
 * Sudanese Republic.
 * Upper Volta.

Although there was only one citizenship of the Community, the territories that became Community member states did not form part of the French Republic, and were granted broad autonomy. They had their own constitutions and could create unions among themselves. The Community's jurisdiction as a whole was limited to foreign policy, defence, the currency, a common economic and financial policy and policy on strategic matters and, except for special agreements, control of justice, higher education, external and public transport and telecommunications. Agreements of Association could also be made by the Community with other states.

Associated with the Community were the United Nations trust territories of French Cameroun and French Togoland, and the Anglo-French condominium of the New Hebrides.

Institutions
Article 91 of the constitution stipulated that the institutions of the Community were to be established by 4 April 1959. These were as follows:

The President of the Community was the President of the French Republic. The member states also participated with his election and he was represented in each state by a High Commissioner. During 1958 President de Gaulle was elected by an absolute majority in all the states. To promote autonomy within France, de Gaulle gave autonomy to the colonies so that they would stay within the community.

The Executive Council of the Community met several times a year, in one or other of the capitals, on the summons of the President, who assumed direction of the meeting. It was composed of the chiefs of the governments of the different states and the ministers responsible for common affairs.

The Senate of the Community was composed of members of the local assemblies designated by them in numbers proportional to the population of the state. This body was functionally powerless, and after holding two sessions it was abolished during March 1961.

A Community Court of Arbitration, composed of seven judges nominated by the President, gave decisions in disputes between member states.

Because France did not want to become 'a colony of its colonies', African countries did not compose a majority voting bloc and were required functionally to join with French parties in order to gain voting power.

Operation
The Communauté initially assumed close cooperation between member states and the French government. The French government was responsible for security and to some degree policing in all states. A number of African presidents were present—symbolizing, for continental anti-colonialists, their complicity—at "Gerboise Bleue", France's first nuclear test, which occurred on 4 February 1960 near Reggane in the Sahara Desert of central Algeria.

Decline and dissolution
Among the states, the Community as assumed originally functioned only during 1959 when six sessions of the executive council were held in various capitals. Immediately after the sixth session, held in Dakar during December, President de Gaulle agreed to Mali's claim for national sovereignty, thus beginning the process of all of the states being granted independence during 1960. On 4 June 1960, articles 85 and 86 were amended by Constitutional Act No. 60-525, allowing the member states to become fully independent, either still as members of the Community or not. This amendment also allowed for a state that was already fully independent to join the Community without losing its independence. By 1961, only the Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Gabon, the Malagasy Republic and Senegal still belonged to the Community. The constitutional bodies no longer continued to function and the term 'president of the community' disappeared from official statements. It seemed that the only remaining differences between those states that were members of the community, and those that had left it, was the fact that the diplomatic representatives in Paris of the former had the title high commissioner, and those of the latter 'ambassador'. Moreover, the second title tended to be used in all cases without distinction.

Although the French Community had almost ceased to exist as an institution by the early 1960s, the remaining members never formally withdrew and the relevant articles were not eliminated from the French Constitution until they were finally abrogated by Constitutional Act number 95-880 of 4 August 1995.

1958

 * 28 September – A referendum on the proposed constitution for the Fifth Republic is held throughout the French Union. It is approved in every territory except French Guinea, which instead opts, by an overwhelming majority, for complete independence. The campaign in favour of independence had been promoted by Sékou Touré and his Democratic Party of Guinea/African Democratic Rally.
 * 2 October – French Guinea gains independence, and is renamed the Republic of Guinea.
 * 4 October – The constitution of the Fifth Republic becomes effective.
 * 14 October – Madagascar becomes an autonomous state within the Community as the Malagasy Republic.
 * 24 November – The French Sudan becomes an autonomous state within the Community as the Sudanese Republic.
 * 25 November – Senegal becomes an autonomous state within the Community.
 * 28 November – Chad, Gabon, the Middle Congo (as the Republic of the Congo) and Mauritania (as the Islamic Republic of Mauritania) become autonomous states within the Community.
 * 1 December – Ubangi-Shari becomes an autonomous state within the Community as the Central African Republic.
 * 4 December – Dahomey (as the Republic of Dahomey) and Ivory Coast become autonomous states within the Community.
 * 11 December – Upper Volta becomes an autonomous state within the Community.
 * 19 December – Niger becomes an autonomous state within the Community.

1959

 * 4 April – Senegal and the Sudanese Republic form a union as the Mali Federation. Dakar is the federal capital.

1960

 * 1 January – French Cameroon gains complete independence as the Republic of Cameroon.
 * 27 April – Togo gains complete independence.
 * 4 June – Articles 85 and 86 are amended by Constitutional Act No. 60-525, allowing the member states to become fully independent, either still as a member of the Community or not. This amendment also allows for a state that is already fully independent to join the Community without losing its independence; a provision that will never be chosen by any state.
 * 20 June – The Mali Federation gains independence, within the Community.
 * 26 June – The Malagasy Republic gains independence, within the Community.
 * 1 August – The Republic of Dahomey gains complete independence.
 * 3 August – Niger gains complete independence.
 * 5 August – Upper Volta gains complete independence.
 * 7 August – The Ivory Coast gains complete independence.
 * 11 August – Chad gains independence, within the Community.
 * 13 August – The Central African Republic gains independence, within the Community.
 * 15 August – The Republic of the Congo gains independence, within the Community.
 * 17 August – Gabon gains independence, within the Community.
 * 20 August – Senegal secedes from the Mali Federation and becomes an independent state in its own right, but still within the Community.
 * 22 September – The Sudanese Republic is renamed the Republic of Mali, and withdraws from the Community.
 * 28 November – Mauritania gains complete independence.

1961

 * 29 July – The Wallis and Futuna Islands, hitherto administered by the government of New Caledonia, become an overseas territory in their own right.
 * 22 December – The Comoro Islands are granted full internal autonomy.

1962 and beyond

 * 3 July 1962 – Algeria gains complete independence from France, outside the Community.
 * 3 July 1967 – Act No. 67-521 grants French Somaliland wider autonomy and changes the name of the territory to the French Territory of the Afars and Issas.
 * 6 July 1975 – Comorian President Ahmed Abdallah declares the whole archipelago independent of France, outside the Community. However, with the people of the island of Mayotte having voted in a referendum during 1974 against independence, the French refuse to recognise the inclusion of Mayotte in the new state.
 * 19 July 1976 – St Pierre and Miquelon becomes an overseas department of France.
 * 24 December 1976 – Mayotte becomes a territorial collectivity of France.
 * 27 June 1977 – The French Territory of the Afars and Issas gains complete independence, outside the Community, and is renamed the Republic of Djibouti.
 * 11 June 1985 – St Pierre and Miquelon becomes a territorial collectivity with special status, the local authorities having responsibility for taxation, customs arrangements, town planning and shipping registration.
 * 4 August 1995 – Constitutional Act number 95-880 repeals the provisions of the French Constitution relating to the Community and the association is formally abolished.

title: French Community


text:
User talk:Sacre

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Infrogmation 05:26, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
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HKWNB, HKCOTW, Current events
Hi. Thanks for your contributions to some Hong Kong-related articles. You might be interested to take a look at HK wikipedians' notice board, HK Collaboration of the Week and Current events in Hong Kong and Macao. Happy editing! — Instantnood 20:06, Jun 24, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sacre


text:
Lake Menomin

Lake Menomin is a reservoir on the Red Cedar River, in Dunn County, Wisconsin, USA. Its name is derived from the Ojibwe name for this lake, Manoominikaani-zaaga'igan meaning "Abundant with Wild Rice Lake."

Along the lake's western and southern shores lies the city of Menomonie, the central business district of which is located at the far southern end of the lake, near the dam which forms it. There are multiple public parks, trails, beaches, and boat landings along the lake's shoreline. Common fish found in lake Menomin include Panfish, Largemouth and Smallmouth Bass, Northern Pike, and Walleye. Throughout the summer, blue-green algae blooms afflict the lake due to high nutrient levels.

The Tainter gate was invented for use with the reservoir's 1886 dam.

title: Lake Menomin


text:
Leonard Baskin

Leonard Baskin (August 15, 1922 – June 3, 2000) was an American sculptor, draughtsman and graphic artist, as well as founder of the Gehenna Press (1942–2000). One of America's first fine arts presses, it went on to become "one of the most important and comprehensive art presses of the world", often featuring the work of celebrated poets, such as Sylvia Plath, Ted Hughes, Anthony Hecht, and James Baldwin side by side with Baskin's bold, stark, energetic and often dramatic black-and-white prints. Called a "Sculptor of Stark Memorials" by the New York Times, Baskin is also known for his wood, limestone, bronze, and large-scale woodblock prints, which ranged from naturalistic to fanciful, and were frequently grotesque, featuring bloated figures or humans merging with animals. "His monumental bronze sculpture, The Funeral Cortege, graces the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial in Washington, D.C."

Major work
A committed figurative artist, and the son and brother of rabbis, Baskin's work often focused on mortality, Judaism, the Holocaust and other angst-ridden themes. Repeating a Baskin quote first published in Time magazine, the New York Times ' Roberta Smith cites it to explain Baskin's allegiance to figurative work and respect for tradition, which was at odds with the abstract expressionist movement that dominated modern art for many decades of his life, and which he firmly rejected:"Our human frame, our gutted mansion, our enveloping sack of beef and ash is yet a glory. Glorious in defining our universal sodality and in defining our utter uniqueness. The human figure is the image of all men and of one man. It contains all and can express all."As a young man, at the height of the flowering Boston Expressionist movement centered around the city's Boris Mirski Gallery, Baskin had his first major solo exhibition there in 1956, on the heels of being one of 11 artists featured in the opening exhibition at the Terrain Gallery. He would go on to participate in another 40 exhibitions. Within a decade, he was featured in the 1966 documentary "Images of Leonard Baskin" by American filmmaker Warren Forma. In 1972, Baskin won a Caldecott honor for his illustrations of Hosie’s Alphabet, written by his wife, Lisa, and sons Tobias and Hosea, and published by Viking Press. In 1994, he received one of his most important commissions for a 30-foot bas relief for the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial and a bronze statue of a seated figure, also erected in 1994, for the Holocaust Memorial in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The Gehenna Press
Baskin founded the Gehenna Press in 1942, one of the first fine art presses in the US, as a student at Yale, inspired by the illustrated books of William Blake which so impressed him he decided to learn to print and make his own books. The name was taken from a line in Paradise Lost: "and black Gehenna call'd, the type of hell". The Gehenna Press printed over 100 books and ran until Baskin's death in 2000.

In 1974, Baskin moved with his family to Britain, to Lurley Manor, near Tiverton, Devon, to be close to his friend Ted Hughes, for whom he had illustrated the poetry volume Crow published in 1970. Baskin and Hughes collaborated on several further works, including A Primer of Birds, published by Gehenna Press in 1981. Other poets who collaborated with the Gehenna Press included James Baldwin, Anthony Hecht, Ruth Fainlight, and Anne Halley. Sylvia Plath dedicated "Sculptor" to Leonard Baskin in her work, The Colossus and Other Poems (1960).

"In 1992, a 50-year retrospective of Gehenna Press books toured the country, including a major exhibition at the Library of Congress."

Academic affiliations
Having vowed to become a sculptor at the age of 15, Baskin studied sculpting as an apprentice to Maurice Glickman from 1937 to 1939 at the Educational Alliance in New York City. Baskin studied at the New York University School of Architecture and Applied Arts from 1939 to 1941. In 1941, he won a scholarship to Yale where he studied for two years, and founded the Gehenna Press.

Baskin served in the US Navy during the final years of World War II, and then in the Merchant Navy. He then studied at The New School for Social Research, where he obtained his B.A. in 1949. "In 1950 he went to Paris where he studied at the Academie de la Grande Chaumiere, and the following year to Florence to work at the Accademia di Belle Arti."

Between 1952 and 1953, he was an instructor in printmaking at the Worcester Art Museum where he taught the artists Joyce Reopel and Mel Zabarsky. In 1953, he began a twenty-year career teaching printmaking and sculpture at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. He was also a member of the Society of American Graphic Artists. After spending several years in the 1970s in England, Baskin returned to the U.S. in 1984, and subsequently taught at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts.

Public collections
Baskin's work is held by major museums worldwide, including the American Numismatic Society, the Amon Carter Museum, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Art Museum of Southeast Texas, Boca Raton Museum of Art, the British Museum, Brooklyn Museum, Brooks Memorial Art Gallery, Detroit Institute of Arts, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the Honolulu Museum of Art, Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Jewish Museum, the Library of Congress, Metropolitan Museum of Art, MOMA, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Muscarelle Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art, the New Jersey State Museum, The Newark Museum of Art, Princeton University, Seattle Art Museum, Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Udinotti Museum of Figurative Art, Victoria and Albert Museum, the Vatican Museums, Wesleyan University, Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Worcester Art Museum.

The archive of his work at the Gehenna Press was acquired by the Bodleian Library at Oxford, England, in 2009. "A catalogue raisonné of Baskin's graphic works includes 739 works," and the McMaster Museum of Art in Hamilton, Ontario owns over 200 of his works, most of which were donated by his brother Rabbi Bernard Baskin. The Philadelphia Museum of Art has a collection of over 800 of his works.

Awards and honors
Baskin was the recipient of six honorary doctorates, and a member of various national and royal academies in Belgium, Italy, and U.S. The National Foundation of Jewish Culture in the U.S. presented him with its Jewish Cultural Achievement Award in Visual Arts in 2000. Other honors and commendations include the:

 * Alonzo C. Mather Prize, Art Institute of Chicago
 * American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Fellow
 * Gold Medal of The American Academy of Arts and Letters
 * Gold Medal of the National Academy of Design
 * Guggenheim Fellowship in Creative Printings
 * Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation Fellowship for Sculpture
 * National Academy of Design, elected an Associate in 1985; became full member in 1994
 * Ohara Museum Prize
 * Prix de Rome, Honorable Mention for Sculpture
 * Special Medal of Merit of the American Institute of Graphic Arts
 * Widener Medal from the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Art

Personal life
Baskin was born in New Brunswick, NJ. When Baskin was seven, the family relocated to the Jewish Orthodox section of Williamsburg in Brooklyn, New York. Baskin was first cousin to American modern dancer and choreographer Sophie Maslow. His first wife Esther Baskin, a nature writer, the author of Creatures of Darkness and The Poppy and Other Deadly Plants, and mother to son Tobias, died in 1973 at age 47. Baskin died at age 77 on June 3, 2000, in Northampton, where he resided. He was survived by his second wife Lisa Unger Baskin and their two children Hosea and Lucretia.

title: Leonard Baskin