text:
Talk:God Only Knows

From article page
I moved this to the talk page:

(Could someone quote Brian's comments about this song from the anniversary edition of "Pet Sounds"? I don't have it available, but it would provide good background information to this article.)

Rx StrangeLove 02:57, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

SoundTracks
"God Only Knows" is the final song in the film Love Actually.

It was also used in episode 6 of Skins.

Citation Needed
"As a consequence, many radio stations at the time refused to play it."

I'd like a citation for that. It seems very unlikely in 1960s Cold War America, though not impossible.

Removed lyrics
I have removed the lyrics that were posted on this page in full as all the songs lyrics on 'Pet Sounds' are copyrighted in 1966 under Irving Music. And unless their is permission given to use the lyrics then it is breaching the copyright of the songs lyrics. --Sahafan 09:02, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

GA Failing
No Fair Use Rationales and the lead is huge. Please see WP:FAIR and WP:LEAD. H ig hway Rainbow Sneakers 16:32, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

"Firstly" on Love Actually?
This is a SUPER nitpick, but shouldn't it read that the song was "firstly" on the Boogie Nights soundtrack and then on Love Actually? To me, it seems only fair to Mr. Anderson that he gets credit for sticking it on his movie first (especially considering that Love Actually is quite possibly influenced by the multi-narrative structure partially popularized by Anderson's movies)
 * Yeah right, it's a nitpick. Not siding either way, but the writing there is symptomatic of what's wrong with Wikipedia. Cheers.00:10, 18 May 2017 (UTC)

 * so anderson is a genius for being the first person to use god only knows in a movie? even if that point is arguable, i don't quite think you can make the leap from that to saying anderson's movies influenced love actually and therefore somehow connect the use of god only knows, as if love actually's use of the song is somehow aping anderson's. i wouldn't say the word "firstly" is in and of itself NPOV, but your explanation certainly is wayyy NPOV.
 * Truth in this reply but the article as a whole is a glorious mess and needs a rewrite.

Brian Wilson - cover??
It strikes me as odd that in the list of covers, Brian Wilson is mentioned twice, when in fact he co-wrote the song. Slightly demeaning to him! Just a thought. Beanrobot (talk) 17:12, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

Thank You
As a big fan of this song and having just played it I wanted to thank all the article editors for their contributions. Very interesting to read about. --bodnotbod (talk) 16:22, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

Vocalists
It is mentioned that there were only three vocalists - C. Wilson, B. Wilson and Jonston. But how is it possible, that I can hear Mike Love singing that "bababa" part? --79.97.145.201 (talk) 13:29, 3 January 2009 (UTC)
 * That's Brian doing the "bababa" part. --Sahafan (talk) 02:37, 30 August 2009 (UTC)

Form
ABCBCDECBC'?

Ha ha ha. Santa Claus of the Future (talk) 02:52, 3 October 2013 (UTC)

Lovin' Spoonful inspiration
Sources state:

Both are verifiable sources, or at least Mark Dillon is. Unless it can be demonstrated that Dillon is making stuff up, I don't see why this factoid isn't notable enough to include in the article. WP:SPECULATION and WP:NPOV state:

It is not original research; these are published sources. Conjecture is allowed on Wikipedia if it is stated from a neutral point of view, as it is in this paraphrasing: "It is said that Brian Wilson had written in his memoirs that some of the melody in "God Only Knows" was inspired by the Lovin' Spoonful. Others have suggested that their 1965 single "You Didn't Have to Be So Nice" may have specifically influenced the song's vocal layering, though John Sebastian and co-writer Tony Asher are unaware of any such connection." --Ilovetopaint (talk) 22:07, 5 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Addendum: Wilson's "memoirs" in this instance may be referring to his ghostwritten autobiography. If that's where the Lovin' Spoonful connection originates, then it is no doubt of historical significance, and readers can discern that it may have been a fabrication by Todd Gold (if not taken directly from Wilson), providing closure on the subject.--Ilovetopaint (talk) 00:49, 6 October 2014 (UTC)

User:Jp5472 does not appear to be interested in discussing the matter here and would rather keep removing the text, but just to address this statement: "Once again, just because some published writer wrote it does not make it FACT. It is not substantiated anywhere, including Brian Wilson's writing!!! Stop editing reference material with childish incorrect nonsense.""

Nowhere in the block of text does it state that the Lovin' Spoonful influence is fact.--Ilovetopaint (talk) 23:53, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Questions: 1. Why is Brian Wilson's memoir Wouldn't It Be Nice: My Own Story now "disowned" by him? 2. What implication(s) does this disowning have for its use as a source here? Martinevans123 (talk) 17:24, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * (a) Read the article you linked to. (b) Either Wilson wrote the book, and says it's crap, and thus the source isn't reliable; or Wilson didn't write the book, and anything ascribed to him in it isn't reliable. --jpgordon:==( o ) 17:36, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Doesn't really sound like an WP:RS. Martinevans123 (talk) 17:38, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Which means the section can be boiled down to "According to an unreliable source A, X is true. Reliable sources C and D quote unreliable source A." When we know a reliable source is itself citing an unreliable source, unless that citation is in itself remarkable, we shouldn't use the misinformation. --jpgordon:==( o ) 17:48, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * It's more like, "According to somewhat-unreliable source A, X is true. Reliable source C restates source A and evaluates the significance and reliability of X."--Ilovetopaint (talk) 18:13, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Or, "we've picked out a tiny factoid quoted by the author of source C, who's not sure if it's one of the reliable bits in source A, which most people, including the subject of the work himself, think is mostly pants." Martinevans123 (talk) 18:19, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * It's not that tiny if it's corroborated by two sources not including the Wilson bio. If nothing else then at least Dillon's comparison with the Lovin Spoonful song deserves to be acknowledged along with Asher's feelings.--134.241.39.254 (talk) 20:52, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I'd give the opinion of Dillon more credence. If the disowned autobiography has to stay I think it should go in a footnote. But I don't see that Dillon is enough to give it credibility, even if it was the starting point for his own claim. I'm not sure that list of song-facts in Newsday is a very strong source. I suspect it's just copying what Dillon claimed in his book. Martinevans123 (talk) 21:15, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * And it's classic weasel wording: "it has been suggested that". Suggested by whom? Some random fan? Someone close to the Beach Boys? This would be a lot more usable if Dillon had actually made the assertion in its own right, but he neither ascribes it nor asserts it - just says some unnamed being suggested it. So we've got a reliable source quoting an unreliable source's assertion but being unwilling to commit to the assertion himself. I just don't see how we can use this; why spread misinformation? --jpgordon:==( o ) 01:48, 10 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I've since rephrased the wording per the footnote suggestion.--Ilovetopaint (talk) 08:30, 10 October 2014 (UTC)

 * There is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding his contributions to its writing. A certain portion of its contents genuinely came from him, but nobody knows which portions exactly. It's generally considered that all of the contents concerning his thoughts on family and court-related liaisons are crap. In the book  Inside the Music of Brian Wilson, Philip Lambert acknowledged that the memoir may hold some credibility in sections where Wilson talks about the intricacies of his music, and states that the whole book should not be immediately disregarded.--Ilovetopaint (talk) 17:45, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * OK, but then we need a reliable source to pick and choose what's crap and what isn't from that book. We can't do so; that would be OR. --jpgordon:==( o ) 17:50, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * The Mark Dillon source fulfills this requirement. He is aware of the book's reputation but posits that the factoid may have significance.--Ilovetopaint (talk) 17:55, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I'd suggest that a second-hand appraisal that bits of a book "may hold some credibility" is not really sufficient to make it useful as a source in an encyclopedia. Martinevans123 (talk) 17:52, 9 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I've removed it completely. It has little to do with "musical structure", and this unfounded piece of pseudo-information certainly shouldn't be at the beginning of the section. At most, it belongs in a footnote when discussing the melody -- perhaps just a footnote to the brief mention of the melody in the musical structure section. If some consensus develops for its inclusion it can be replaced, but at the moment the clear consensus is against it. --jpgordon:==( o ) 15:04, 11 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Harsh dismissal. You and Jp5472 (who is absent from this talk page) are for removing the material altogether while I heeded Martinevans123's suggestion to simply regulate it to a footnote. The reliable source is nothing more than a comparison to the song, which shares the same key and A-G#-F# hook as "God Only Knows" (this is my observation, it is not written in the sources). I don't care exactly how the information is presented in the article, but I don't believe ignoring its existence is the best thing when a connection between the two songs has been established by more than one source, and that readers generally aren't aware whether the connection has merit. I'll probably bring back the text, this time with the whole thing under a footnote right after the first paragraph of "musical structure", but if you still disagree, I won't bother, and I'll just wait for others to weigh in.--Ilovetopaint (talk) 17:12, 11 October 2014 (UTC)
 * The disagreement is as to the quality of the source, and it's exactly as poor as when we started discussing this problem. When a reliable source has to lean on an anonymous "it has been suggested", when the composer has disavowed another source, and when the lyricist (who worked rather intimately with the composer) expresses ignorance of such a connection, it's undue weight to mention it as anything other than an unverified, unverifiable rumor. (Unless Wilson cares to discuss it again someday.) --jpgordon:==( o ) 18:18, 11 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, it's a shame the source is so weak, because most people would, I think, agree with the similarity between the songs. But the clincher for me is what Brian Wilson has or has not to say about it. If only he could have "saved" the bits he believed in that book. I'd still be tempted to include it in a footnote somehow. Martinevans123 (talk) 19:22, 11 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Like, I suspect, all of us in this discussion, I know both songs intimately, having listened to them repeatedly (and in my case, having played them as well) perhaps hundreds of times. I can vaguely see a connection to the vocal layering in the Spoonful song, but then, many (most?) Beach Boys songs involved vocal layering of varying degrees of complexity and sophistication -- as did many (most?) Spoonful songs; harmonic depth is one of the hallmarks of both bands. One could likely look at some Spoonful songs and find some good comparison with earlier Beach Boys songs. Melodically, I think you have to dig pretty hard to relate the two songs; the Spoonful song is pretty conventional, though perhaps I'm missing the parts in the two songs that Ilovetopaint says is so similar. I think it's a bit more similar to The Rite of Spring. But all of this is just my personal opinion and analysis, of no particular value except for conversation, and of no value at all to the article -- the very definition of Original Research. As it stands, it's an interesting but very poorly documented tidbit, and as a result not a particularly useful trivia. --jpgordon:==( o ) 22:21, 11 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I tend to agree with you, --jpgordon. Martinevans123 (talk) 11:43, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

Contradiction
So was it "the first pop single to name "God" in its title" (lead paragraph) or "one of the first pop songs to use the word "God" in its title" (under Lyricism)?--Shantavira|feed me 18:19, 10 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Sources state regarding the subject:

 * ... never been done in a pop song before
 * ... the first pop single
 * ... had never been done before (in a pop song)
 * ... a song by the same title put out by early doo-wop group the Capris in 1954
 * There's not a lot of info about the Capris' song and I'm not sure whether old rhythm and blues records are considered "pop music singles".--Ilovetopaint (talk) 13:39, 12 October 2014 (UTC)
 * A 1955 doo-wop by ballad by male group The Crystals (not The Crystals): "Built upon vocal harmony, doo-wop was one of the most mainstream, pop-oriented R&B styles of the time." Martinevans123 (talk) 14:52, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Changed to "one of the first".--Ilovetopaint (talk) 15:29, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

 * "Not a lot of info"? Just listen to it. It's doo-wop, hence pop. Certainly Wilson et al thought their song was the first pop song with God in the title, but they were mistaken. It could be something like "Brian and Asher,unaware of the 1954 Capris doo-wop song of the same name, believed this would be the first pop song with God in the title." Also, did they agonize because it was the first pop song with God in its title or were the concerned about the particular "single" release format? Or is "single" just being used as shorthand for "song" here? --jpgordon:==( o ) 15:38, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

 * "First pop single to name 'God'" is different and much more plausible than "first pop song to name 'God'". The sources state nothing about the specific format that is significant. Removed all references to "first" in main article space and changed to "unusual for a pop single ..."--Ilovetopaint (talk) 20:33, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Better change Pet Sounds as well: ""God Only Knows" is the first pop song to have "God" in its title, a decision Brian feared would be blasphemous." Btljs (talk) 20:56, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Seems like an absurd assertion to me; a quick search on discogs for the 1950s & pop brings up lots of titles. You'd have to have a very narrow definition of pop to rule them all out. Admittedly we might not consider them pop now, but back then they were. Btljs (talk) 21:05, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Yes, everyone knows the "pop" in "pop music" has a different definition now, which is exactly why I questioned. I can't recall ever seeing black R&B groups referred to as "pop" musicians before.--Ilovetopaint (talk) 10:54, 13 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Not just black R&B artists had God in their song titles, there were popular classical singers (some of them even popular in America). It says a lot about the insular nature of white 60's US pop that it thought it existed in isolation. They were afraid of censorship by the mainstream radio stations I'd guess. Btljs (talk) 11:35, 13 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Right, like "God Bless America" (Kate Smith's version is acknowledged by Asher in the article) or "God Save the Queen". The suggestion was the first in pop music as it was understood in the last century, not the first in popular music. This is the same reason why the Beatles get a lot of credit for their "innovations" which was nothing more than applying complicated ideas to pop music, a type of music which, by definition, should not have been possible to be complicated in, with not many songwriters considering it worth the effort, let alone any who were brave or talented enough to try complexity. Yes, it was a very insular industry before others stepped forward to change things (briefly).--Ilovetopaint (talk) 11:55, 13 October 2014 (UTC)

 * This certainly fits with the wiki article on pop music ie as a 2nd half of 20th Century version of popular music. Not sure I'd go along with this definition myself, but it is at least consistent. (Arguably, the Beatles had stopped making pop music by the time they were doing what most people remember them for and the Beach Boys too) Btljs (talk) 15:15, 13 October 2014 (UTC)

Genre
Added progressive rock with reference http://rateyourmusic.com/release/comp/various_artists_f2/the_best_prog_rock_album_in_the_world____ever_/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.40.106.125 (talk) 08:47, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Graf 2
The title is an expression, no more. You guys gotta chill and remember this is Wikipedia. Cheers.00:07, 18 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Come again? --Ilovetopaint (talk) 00:21, 18 May 2017 (UTC)

Baroque rock
The difference between "baroque rock" and "baroque pop" is that, for the reader, they connote two entirely different things: pop music that is baroque and rock music that is baroque. Whether the terms are considered to be synonymous by a single source on a separate article is irrelevant. According to some sources, "symphonic rock", "art rock", "classical rock", and "progressive rock" refer to the same style of music, but they are NOT necessarily equivalent terms. The infobox for the first couple of Moody Blues albums, for example, could just as well do with sources for "classical rock" and "progressive rock", even though Classical rock redirects to the latter. Eliminating "baroque rock" in favor of "baroque pop" is an arbitrary choice that violates WP:WEIGHT:
 * Neutrality requires that each article or other page in the mainspace fairly represent all significant viewpoints that have been published by reliable sources, in proportion to the prominence of each viewpoint in the published, reliable sources ... Keep in mind that, in determining proper weight, we consider a viewpoint's prevalence in reliable sources, not its prevalence among Wikipedia editors or the general public.

There are currently an equal number of sources that attribute "baroque pop" and "baroque rock" to the song.--Ilovetopaint (talk) 04:08, 11 October 2017 (UTC)
 * What the reader may infer is irrelevant if there is nothing supporting such a distinction. I will concede that a single source isn't especially compelling, but when there isn't a single known source stating the opposite, it has to be by default the prevailing viewpoint. In the cases of symphonic rock, art rock, classic rock, and progressive rock, the sources calling them the same are outnumbered by ones affirming them to be separate, which to my knowledge is not the case with baroque pop and baroque rock; I still await a source describing them as two different genres. The decision to retain baroque pop over baroque rock is anything but arbitrary; it was a choice in favor of the conventional name on Wikipedia and the more recognized term. It improves consistency and is preferred per WP:LEAST since the article it links to has the same name; both of these are beneficial to the reader. WP:WEIGHT would be violated only if baroque pop and baroque rock represented differing "significant viewpoints", which would only be the case if they were separate genres, which again, there has been nothing to support. At the end of the day, listing two terms that are synonymous and that link to the same page is simply redundant; the article for Spanish agriculture, for example, would not list both zucchini and courgettes as among the country's most grown crops just because sources were found using both terms. If sources describing baroque rock as a separate genre were found, the genre list here would be the least of anyone's concern, since it would open up discussion on whether the genre should have its own article or be its own section on the baroque pop page. As long as evidence can be shown that it is distinct from baroque pop, I have no objection to baroque rock being listed as a genre for "God Only Knows". '''[[User:Life of Tau|Life ]][[User talk:Life of Tau|of ]]Tau''' 09:51, 11 October 2017 (UTC)

 * "The Baroque Rock Of The Spring Standards":
 * "Sometimes you categorize an artist as baroque pop -- Arcade Fire, Feist, etc. -- because they tie lush arrangements to the pop model. But, now, I have another band to call baroque rock besides the National -- who were the only band to earn that moniker from me prior."

 * Here you go, a source that delineates between "baroque rock" and "baroque pop".--Ilovetopaint (talk) 18:53, 25 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Are you sure that's not going to be French cuisine? To use zucchini and courgette as an analogy is like comparing Apples with Oranges? Martinevans123 (talk) 20:04, 25 October 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 13:06, 7 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Manuscript of Lyrics for God Only Knows - Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Cleveland (by Adam Jones).jpg

title: Talk:God Only Knows


text:
User talk:AldenKata

Alden Katagihara

Is currently pursuing his B.A. in Communications, at the University of Hawaii, Manoa. From 2001 - 2003, he was in charge of coordinating fundraisers, charitable events and assisting with members at the Sacramento Asian Pacific Chamber of Commerce. He has also volunteered for Habitat for Humanity and the Pacific Rim Street Festival.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:AldenKata


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Senora Johnson

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedied (libel, attack page). jni 12:16, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Senora Johnson
Non-notable vanity Evil Monkey∴Hello 02:58, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Shouldn't this have been speedied? –Hajor 03:12, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. In fact, this has already been speedied several times and the anon author has been blocked for vandalism. jni 08:07, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * No content, intended as an attack page (see this revision). Delete, candidate for speedy deletion. - Mike Rosoft 10:33, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Carlos Hank González

Carlos Hank González (August 27, 1927–August 11, 2001), nicknamed El Profesor ("The Professor"), was a Mexican politician and businessman. Originally a teacher, he was an entrepreneur who built political contacts along with businesses, leading to various government and political positions at the state (State of Mexico) and national level. He was prevented from seeking the presidency due to laws requiring both parents to be Mexicans by birth, whereas his father was German.

A leaked report from the National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC) noted that Hank González's alleged involvement in drug trafficking and money laundering at one time posed "a significant criminal threat to the United States." The NDIC report also alleged Hank Gonzalez committed political corruption, tax evasion, bribery and vote-buying. The report was later denied by US authorities, as well as its source. US Attorney General Janet Reno clarified that the report was a draft "beyond the substantive expertise and area of responsibility of the NDIC", and that its release was unauthorized.

Biography
Carlos Hank González was born in Santiago Tianguistenco in the State of Mexico. He was graduated from the Escuela Nacional de Toluca as a primary education teacher and from the Normal Superior (Teacher's College) de México as a professor of history and biology. From 1947 to 1951 he was a teacher at the Secundaria Federal de Atlacomulco. To supplement his income, he sold candy on the side. He grew and exchanged his small businesses into larger ones, along the way adding names of prominent politicians to his list of contacts. He founded a business empire of banking and transportation interests. In 1999, Forbes estimated his wealth at about US$1.3 billion.

He married Guadalupe Rhon, with whom he had five children, 3 boys and 2 girls. He is the father of Carlos Hank Rhon, Cuauhtemoc Hank Rhon, and Jorge Hank Rhon and grandfather of Carlos Hank González who now heads the company called Grupo Financiero Interacciones.

Career
Hank González's political career began when he moved from Atlacomulco to Toluca to take charge of the State of Mexico's Departmento de Escuelas Secundarias y Profesionales (Department of Professional and Secondary Schools) as well as the Oficina de Juntas de Mejoramiento Moral, Cívico y Material (Office of Committees for Moral, Civic and Material Improvement) between 1952 and 1953. The following year he was in charge of the treasury for the municipality of Toluca. From 1955 to 1957 he was the president of the ayuntamiento of Toluca.

His federal service began in 1961 when he became a congressman (diputado federal) for the XLIV Legislature. However, at the height of his political career, he served as the governor of the State of Mexico from 1969 to 1975 and was appointed regent of Mexico City in 1976. Federally, he served as Secretary of Tourism from 1988 to 1990 when he was then named as Secretary of Agriculture and Hydraulic Resources.

He was considered one of the leaders of the old guard wing of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He began as chief of the Delegación del Sector Popular at district, state and national conventions of the PRI, then was a delegate for the party for the states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche and Quintana Roo. He worked his way up to be a member of the Comisión Pólitica del Comité Ejecutivo Nacional, advising presidents of the party. His death not only left a vacant place in the party structure of the PRI but also signaled the end of a cycle in Mexican politics.

Constitutionally barred from running for the Mexican presidency by a provision then in force which excluded those with a foreign-born parent from holding the office. His father, Jorge Hank Weber, was German and a colonel in both the German and Mexican armies. However, Hank González was influential on the PRI party, culminating in the late 1980s and early 1990s during the presidency of Carlos Salinas de Gortari. As mayor of Mexico City, he built the Eje vial system of roads and other projects designed to make the city more car-friendly.

Death
In 1997, Carlos Hank González suffered an embolism and died in 2001 of cancer, spending the last few years of his life in the United States for treatment.

Criminal allegations
Carlos Hank Gonzalez was accused of having ties to drug traffickers such as Félix Gallardo, the Arellano brothers, and Mayo Zambada. He and his group were also accused of having control over American banks, investment companies, casinos for laundering money, drug trafficking with cartels, and other illegal activities. According to a report by the U.S. National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC) nicknamed Operation White Tiger, Hank González's involvement in drug trafficking and money laundering posed "a significant criminal threat to the United States." While U.S. law enforcement officials had spent years investigating Carlos Hank Gonzalez and his sons Carlos Hank Rhon and Jorge Hank Rhon, the assessment by several agencies marked the first time that all three had been alleged direct links to the operations of major Mexican drug organizations. The report drew on information from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, FBI, U.S. Customs Service, CIA, Interpol and others, that was later denied. The report alleges that intelligence agencies had intercepted conversations of the Hank family coordinating drug shipments. The document claims that the Hank family had laundered money on a massive scale, assisted drug trafficking organizations in transporting drug shipments, and engaged in large-scale public corruption, while being closely associated with the late Juárez Cartel leader Amado Carrillo Fuentes. Agents involved in the probe feared that Washington would conclude that Operation White Tiger was too controversial, and potentially too disruptive to Mexican-American relations for it to continue, and suspected it would eventually be blocked; as previous investigations of top Mexican politicians had been. Former Mexican official and politician Eduardo Valle, in an interview recovered by the World Policy Institute, described Carlos Hank as the "primary intermediary between the multinational drug trafficking enterprises and the Mexican political system". Eduardo Valle, founder of the Mexican Worker's Party, was a political opponent of PRI.

Following the media revelations about Operation White Tiger, the Hank family, which has denied its alleged links to top Mexican narcotraffickers and the alleged protection the White Tiger report claims they provided, hired former U.S. senator Warren Rudman as their attorney to represent their interests in Washington. The lawsuit forced US authorities, particularly Attorney General Janet Reno, to publicly recognize the report was a leaked draft of an executive summary and "beyond the substantive expertise and area of responsibility of the NDIC." The sources of the report also denied its content after the lawsuit was presented.

In popular culture
Hank González appears in a prominent role in Season 3 of the Netflix serial drama Narcos: Mexico. He is played by Manuel Uriza. According to experts in the field, the questionable mention of Hank in the show relies on the fact that he is not alive, therefore, Netflix is able to use his name without the risk of receiving a defamation lawsuit. This was confirmed by lead actor José María Yazpik who stated that "since Hank is already dead, his name can be used, while in other seasons, when faced with possible lawsuit, they opted to change the names".

title: Carlos Hank González


text:
Tadelakt

Tadelakt (تدلاكت) is a waterproof plaster surface used in Moroccan architecture to make baths, sinks, water vessels, interior and exterior walls, ceilings, roofs, and floors. It is made from lime plaster, which is rammed, polished, and treated with soap to make it waterproof and water-repellent. Tadelakt is labour-intensive to install, but durable. Since it is applied as a paste, tadelakt has a soft, undulating character, it can form curves, and it is seamless. Pigment can be added to give it any colour, but deep red is traditional. It may have a shiny or matte finish.

Etymology and history
The term tadelakt, meaning "to rub in", is an Amazighified expression from the Arabic word, meaning "to rub or massage."

Tadelakt is thought to have evolved from qadad, a similar plaster used in Yemen for millennia that is treated with calcium hydroxide and oils and fats instead of soaps.

Constituents and chemistry
The basic constituents of tadelakt plaster are:
 * 1) lime plaster (not Portland cement)
 * 2) in some cases, marble or limestone sand (but not other aggregates)
 * 3) natural soap (often "black" or olive oil soap) to speed carbonation of the surface and impart water-resistance.

The soap chemically reacts with the lime plaster, forming lime (calcium) soaps. Calcium soaps are insoluble in water, and fairly hard. They are familiar, in areas with calcium-rich ("hard") water, as deposits in bathtubs, sinks, and showers; when soap is mixed with the water's dissolved calcium carbonate/lime, calcium soaps form.

 * 2 C17H35COO−Na+ + Ca2+  →  (C17H35COO)2Ca  + 2 Na+

Techniques
Traditional application includes polishing with a river stone and treatment with oleic acid, in the form of olive oil soap, to lend it its final appearance and water resistance.

In Morocco, the traditional application technique:
 * plaster powder is mixed with water for 12 to 15 hours prior to the addition of pigment.
 * the plaster is applied in one thick coat with a wooden float, and smoothed with the same.
 * before the plaster sets, a flat, smooth, hard stone is used to compress the plaster, then a plastic trowel used for the final polish.
 * it is mechanically polished using stones or abrasives harder than the plaster, providing a smooth, sometimes shiny, finish.
 * lastly, an olive-oil soap solution is used to seal the plaster

Long-term maintenance of tadelakt requires regularly re-sealing the surface with a soap solution; in the case of qadad roofs, this was traditionally done every few years.

Uses
Tadelakt is the traditional coating of the hammams and bathrooms of palaces and riad residences in Morocco. The restoration of riads in Morocco has led to a resurgence in its use.

In modern times, it has been used outside.

title: Tadelakt


text:
Gennady Grushevoy

Gennady Grushevoy (also known as Hienadź Hrušavy; Генадзь Грушавы; 24 July 1950 – 28 January 2014) was a Belarusian academic, politician, human rights and environmental activist and the founder of one of the first Chernobyl relief foundations. He was awarded the 1999 Rafto Prize for “his many years of courageous work for democracy and human rights in Belarus”.

Early life and career
Grushevoy was born in Minsk, the capital of Soviet Belarus, on 24 July 1950. In 1973 he graduated from the Belarusian State University with a degree in Philosophy and stayed on to pursue an academic career. His main academic interest was the history of Renaissance philosophy in Western Europe and Belarus.

During Gorbachev’s Perestroika Grushevoy began to participate actively in the democratic national movement, the Belarusian Popular Front. In 1989 he was arrested for organising various political and protest actions commemorating the Chernobyl catastrophe in Belarus.

Grushevoy was elected to the Belarusian parliament as a member of the Belarusian National Front in the first free elections in the country in 1990. In 1996 he was re-elected but has not taken his seat since increasingly authoritarian President Lukashenka deposed the parliament that year and appointed his own deputies.

Chernobyl Relief Foundation
Grushevoy’s goal was to set up self-help organizations at the grassroots level. In 1989 Grushevoy established a non-governmental charitable fund dedicated to helping Belarusian children affected by the Chernobyl catastrophe. The fund was officially registered in 1990 as a non-profit, non-governmental Belarusian Charitable Fund «For the Children of Chernobyl». The organisation promoted civil movement initiatives within Belarus and worked on a variety of humanitarian programmes.

“For the Children of Chernobyl” became one of the largest non-governmental Chernobyl relief organisations in Belarus with teams in over 20 cities and regions of the country and over 40 long-term charitable, medical and humanitarian programs. The fund sent a large number of children with serious illnesses to Western Europe and North America for short trips meant to provide them with good medical care and distributed large quantities of humanitarian aid, such as medicine, in the region affected by the disaster.

Other activities
Apart from the relief work, Grushevoy also worked with civil movement initiatives involving young people from different regions in Belarus and contributed to development of youth centres throughout the country, where young Belarusians meet to address social, political and cultural issues. For many years he and his organisation arranged annual youth festivals and conferences in Minsk under the common name of the project “Look into the future”.

Harassment by Belarusian Authorities
In 1997 Grushevoy’s organisation had fallen under government scrutiny and a special commission of the KGB was set up to investigate its operations. This was part of a general harassment campaign against NGOs in 1997-2000 as President Lukashenka sought to impose state control over the sector. Initially, the government proposed that Grushevoy’s organisation become a part of the state relief program but the organisation refused the offer. For several months, the KGB officials simply sat in the fund’s offices and carried out audits (especially of its links with German organisations, where many children were sent for the summer months for recreation) while monitoring all facets of business. Ultimately, the fund was evicted from the building and forced to operate, under a different name, out of a hotel room. Some of its leaders moved to Germany, with the help of partner organisations.

After organising demonstrations in Minsk to mark the 11th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster, arrest orders were issued for Grushevoy and his wife Irina. The official reason given by the authorities was fraud. The couple spent a year in exile in Germany before returning to Belarus when the charges were dropped - since no evidence of fraud could be found among the papers of the fund.

Death
Grushevoy died from leukaemia on 28 January 2014. He was buried in the Northern Cemetery on the outskirts of Minsk.

Recognition
In 1999 he received an annual prize from the Rafto Foundation, a Norwegian non-profit and non-partisan organisation dedicated to the global promotion of human rights. “ In the country most severely hit by the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, Grushevoy has focused on environmental issues by emphasizing the victims' human rights.”

title: Gennady Grushevoy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sunpop

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - merged - SimonP 23:31, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Sunpop

 * Delete Is this a real soft drink? Revolución 03:00, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. It seems that this soft drink does exists. It is the generic store brand name for the regional store chains on the East Coast of the USA owned by Royal Ahold. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 11:35, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I currently Abstain on the larger question of whether or not store brands like this one should be merged, kept or deleted. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 17:56, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It's real. Giant brand food stores are plentiful around here. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:47, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Royal Ahold or with the individual chains that use it as a store brand. --Carnildo 21:48, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Royal Ahold. JamesBurns 10:46, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sunpop


text:
Talk:Marquess of Waterford

Sir Henry Monson de la Poer Beresford-Peirse, Baronet was a landowner of Bedale, England in 1890. How is he related to these men?

According to Burke's Peerage, the 1st marquess had an illegitimate son whose descendants are baronnets Beresford-Peirse.

=Choice of title=

Why was the 2nd Earl of Tyrone created Marquess of Waterford when there was (and still is) an Earl of Waterford (the Premier Earl of Ireland on the Roll, in fact), especially when he could easily have been created Marquess of Tyrone? Was any comment made on the (seemingly completely unjustified) duplication of titles? Proteus (Talk) 15:48, 9 February 2011 (UTC)

Lord Le Poer or Lord Beresford?
According to this article: the heir apparent's heir apparent is his son Richard John la Poer Beresford, Lord Le Poer (b. 1987) But according to the page List of courtesy titles in the Peerages of the British Isles it's Lord Beresford. Which one is the correct one? Mr. D. E. Mophon (talk) 14:21, 16 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marquess of Waterford


text: Category:Grands établissements

title: Category:Grands établissements


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Substantiation

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. Eugene van der Pijll 21:16, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Substantiation

 * Delete dicdef, already transwikied. Revolución 03:01, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef. mikka (t) 06:25, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef, already transwikied. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 11:56, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Indiscreet (1958 film)

Indiscreet is a 1958 British romantic comedy film produced and directed by Stanley Donen, and starring Ingrid Bergman and Cary Grant.

The film is based on the 1954 play Kind Sir by Norman Krasna. This was Bergman and Grant's second film together, following Alfred Hitchcock's Notorious (1946). It was one of the first films to popularize the artistic use of split screen. The film was remade for television in 1988 starring Robert Wagner and Lesley-Anne Down.

Plot
Anna Kalman is a famous London-based theater actress who has given up hope of finding the man of her dreams. Through her brother-in-law, Alfred Munson, Anna meets Philip Adams, a handsome economist, and she is instantly smitten with him.

Anna invites Philip go to the ballet, but he demurs, politely noting he is married. Philip adds that he is separated and unable to get a divorce from his wife. Undeterred, Anna asks again and Philip agrees.

They hit it off on their first date and continue seeing each other frequently. Soon, they fall in love. Anna's sister Margaret cautions her, but Anna rebuffs the suggestion.

As their romance blossoms, Philip receives a temporary transfer notice to New York for his work at NATO, which distresses Anna greatly as it will keep them apart for as much as five months.

On the day before Philip is scheduled to sail, Alfred reveals he knows Philip is a bachelor and asks him why he kept this secret. Philip reveals that he is unenthusiastic about the idea of marriage but can't give up on women. Philip assures Alfred that he sincerely loves Anna. He also says he plans to surprise Anna on her birthday the next day.

Anna tells Alfred and Margaret that she plans to go to New York to surprise Philip. To discourage her, Alfred discloses Philip's plan. Margaret complicates the situation by revealing that Philip is unmarried. Anna is furious upon learning this, but decides to go on as if nothing happened, secretly forming a plan to get even with him.

Anna arranges an elaborate ruse where it will appear that she was having an affair with David, an old flame, when Philip comes to visit her on her birthday, but it does not go as planned. When Anna hears David has had an accident and can't come, she tries to persuade her elderly caretaker Carl to stand in as David. Philip arrives and proposes marriage, but leaves when he mistakes Carl for David. Anna is distraught but Philip returns and she is able to clear up the confusion. Anna tells Philip she is happy the way things are, but Philip is adamant about getting married. Anna is overwhelmed with joy and the film ends with the couple embracing.

Cast

 * Cary Grant as Philip Adams
 * Ingrid Bergman as Anna Kalman
 * Cecil Parker as Alfred Munson
 * Phyllis Calvert as Margaret Munson
 * David Kossoff as Carl Banks
 * Megs Jenkins as Doris Banks
 * Oliver Johnston as Mr. Fingleigh
 * Frank Hawkins as William, the bellboy
 * Michael Anthony as Oscar
 * Richard Vernon as leading man
 * Eric Francis as lift operator

Production
No film studio sought the rights to the play Kind Sir, so Norman Krasna's co-producers as Joshua Logan, Mary Martin, and Charles Boyer as agreed to Krasna's offer to buy the rights himself for $10,000. Krasna did not tell his fellow producers he had lined up Cary Grant and Ingrid Bergman to star in a film.

In March 1955 United Artists announced Krasna would direct a film version for that studio. It was originally announced that the film would be made with either Marilyn Monroe or Jayne Mansfield, and with Clark Gable as the male star.

Krasna asked Stanley Donen if he wanted to direct while the latter was making Kiss Them for Me (1957) with Grant. Donen agreed "but only with Cary". Grant agreed but only if his co-star was Ingrid Bergman (the two had last acted together in Notorious [1946]). Bergman agreed provided the film could be shot in England; she had a theatre commitment in Paris. Krasna agreed to make the changes from the play. Donen and Grant formed a company together, Grandon Productions, to make the film. In September 1957 Bergman announced she and Grant would star in the film for Warners.

Scenes in the Players' Club were filmed at the Garrick Club in London. The club agreed to let them film there but not to use their name.

Logan saw the movie expecting to find it different from the play and was surprised to find it "verbatim" like Kind Sir. "Krasna's writing and my taste were more than vindicated," said Logan. "Had I been well [directing the play] it would have been another story."

Box office
The film ranked in the top 10 British box office hits in terms of gross profits in 1958. Kinematograph Weekly listed it as being "in the money" at the British box office in 1958. In North America it made $3.6 million.

Critical
The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "The story line of this comedy is extremely simple. Donen has presumably tried to make a film without incident, and he almost succeeds: one is often on the point of being bored, but one never is, quite. Indeed, there are many charming scenes in which hardly anything at all happens: the walk through London, the first lunch at home, the telephone call from Paris (with split-screen effect amusingly used). Ingrid Bergman and Cary Grant are, to great effect, together again. She fails only towards the end of the film when she has to play the scorned woman; neither she nor Donen can quite manage this switch, and the film suffers accordingly." In British Sound Films: The Studio Years 1928–1959 David Quinlan rated the film as "good", writing: "Glossy, entertaining comedy of manners, with stars expertly dispensing surface charm."

Leslie Halliwell said: "Affairs among the ultra rich, amusing when played by these stars but with imperfect production values which the alarmingly thin plot allows one too much time to consider."

The Radio Times Guide to Films gave the film 3/5 stars, writing: "Two of the screen's most elegant stars provide much of the pleasure in this glossy romantic comedy, adapted by Norman Krasna from his play Kind Sir. The action has been transplanted from New York to foggy London (it was filmed at Elstree) with Ingrid Bergman as a famous actress looking for love and Cary Grant as the diplomat who's pretending he's married when he's not. Highlights include Grant dancing a superb Highland reel and a witty supporting performance as a chauffeur in disguise from the underrated David Kossoff. It's nonsense, of course, but utterly charming."

Accolades
Indiscreet was nominated for three 1959 Golden Globes, three 1959 BAFTAs, and one Writers Guild of America award but failed to win any of them.

1988 television remake
The film was remade as a 1988 television movie. It was announced in March 1987 as a vehicle for Robert Wagner. Wagner pitched the idea to CBS because he loved the original. Lesley-Anne Down's casting was announced in February 1988. Filming was supposed to start in February 1988 but was pushed back to mid April. Filming finished by May.

The Chicago Tribune wrote: "Leslie-Anne [sic] Down obviously is no Bergman... Wagner is no Grant, try as he may.... "Indiscreet" is more flimsy than brittle, filled with lighter-than-air dialogue and the old hiding-out-on-window- ledges and falling-out-of-rowboat gambits. On the up side there is Down, who at times looks positively Ava Gardnerian, whether parading around in backless dresses or demonstrating a very special talent for saucily closing doors with her tush."

The Los Angeles Times said: "The vapidity of both [lead] performances is magnified by come-hither camera shots that linger too long on their empty faces... Down has a little more flounce to the ounce, but the best she can do as a woman deceived is to fly into a deep snit. Production values evoke the silky-bland noblesse oblige that has been canonized for TV by "Dynasty" and "Knots Landing"."

"Go out and rent the original on video cassette", said The New York Times.

title: Indiscreet (1958 film)


text:
Săveni

Săveni (Szöven) is a small town located in Botoșani County in the Western Moldavia region in northeastern Romania. The town administers five villages: Bodeasa, Bozieni, Chișcăreni, Petricani, and Sat Nou.

Near Săveni, at 47.93396°N, 26.83877°W, there is a 210 m tall guyed mast for FM-/TV-broadcasting. The town features two Orthodox churches, the Saint Nicholas Church and the Saint George Church.

The town's main educational centers are the "Școala Gimnazială Nr.1 Săveni" elementary and middle school, with an old decrepit building from the early 1900' which functioned as a Jewish school, and the "Liceul Teoretic Dr. Mihai Ciucă", which is an elementary and high school.

The "Spitalul Orășenesc Săveni" is the local hospital. The old cinema "Patria" was recently rehabilitated with funds and has become a modern "Casă de Cultură". There is an archaeology museum located in the town.

Natives

 * Cristian Bădiliță (born 1968), theologian and essayist
 * Dan Caspi (1945–2017), Israeli academic
 * Mihai Ciucă (1883–1969), bacteriologist
 * Claudiu Juncănaru (born 1996), footballer
 * Sammy Lerner (1903–1989), American songwriter
 * Alexandru Țigănașu (born 1990), footballer

title: Săveni


text:
Participation

Participation or Participant may refer to:

Politics

 * Participation (decision making), mechanisms for people to participate in social decisions
 * Civic participation, engagement by the citizens in government
 * e-participation, citizen participation in e-government using information and communications technology

Finance

 * Participation (ownership), an ownership interest in a mortgage or other loan
 * Participation, the amount of benefit in a bond plus option due to the performance of an underlying asset
 * Capital participation, ownership of shares in a company or project

Other uses

 * Participation (philosophy), the inverse of inherence: if an attribute inheres in a subject, then the subject participates in the attribute
 * Participant Media, an American film-production company founded in 2004

title: Participation


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wintermaul

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - merged - SimonP 23:32, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Wintermaul
Gamecruft. Denni ☯ 03:04, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)
 * Redir Tower Defense. The ______maul family of games are pretty big on Warcraft III servers, but there's about a gajillion different flavors (Mega Man Maul, Simpsons Maul, Halo (video game) Maul just to name a few) and (evidently) they're all variants on Tower Defense anyway.  So, what the heck?  Redirects are cheap.  Marblespire 08:42, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * As far as I know, it was the original (at least a really early one), and a institution in Warcraft III circles, but yes, redirect to Tower Defense. humblefool® 03:40, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hi, I wrote this article. Wintermaul is the original maul. The reason i havent put this to the section Tower Defense, is that tehre was a topic like wintermaul, and it was empty. Thx for replying to it anyway.

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Goran'Agar

I did a few pages, of which this is one. I did an awful hatchet job on them, but I am learning. Please bear with me.

Tabun1015

title: Talk:Goran'Agar


text:
Stadium High School

Stadium High School is a public high school in Tacoma, Washington, and a historic landmark. It is part of Tacoma Public Schools, or Tacoma School District No. 10 and is located in the Stadium District, near downtown Tacoma. The original building was severely damaged by a fire in 1898 while it was still a partially-constructed hotel designed by Hewitt & Hewitt being used for storage. It was reconstructed for use as a school beginning in 1906 according to designs by Frederick Heath, and a "bowl" stadium was added in 1910.

Its attendance boundary includes Browns Point and Dash Point.

History

The main building was constructed by architects Hewitt and Hewitt for the Northern Pacific Railway and the Tacoma Land Company at what was then known as Blackwell Point. Construction began in 1891 with the intention of building a luxury hotel resembling a French château. The Panic of 1893, however, brought construction to an abrupt halt when the Northern Pacific was faced with financial disaster. The unfinished building became a storage facility, with much of the building materials still inside. On October 11, 1898, the building was gutted by a massive fire. The walls remained standing, and the Northern Pacific began to dismantle the structure, removing some 40,000 of the unique Roman bricks manufactured by Gladding, McBean that would be used to construct still-existing train stations in Missoula, Montana, and Wallace, Idaho.

The Tacoma School District purchased the gutted building on February 19, 1904, with the intent of turning it into a high school. The redesign and later renovations were planned by the school's architect, Frederick Heath. It was repaired and renovated into a school. Despite its extraordinary locale and design, on the inside it looks, feels, and operates like a typical American high school.

The reconstructed building opened on September 10, 1906, as Tacoma High School. Seven years later, the name was changed to reference the adjacent Stadium Bowl. Later additions included a circular lunchroom, an underground swimming pool, a science and industrial arts complex, a gymnasium, and a multi-story parking lot structure with tennis courts on the roof.

The stadium, also designed by Frederick Heath, dates from 1910 and is in a location once known as Old Woman's Gulch. It was originally much grander than it is today, with a seating capacity of 32,000. Among those who spoke there were Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding, William Jennings Bryan, and Billy Sunday.

The stadium was originally built in 1909–1910 using steam shovels and sluicing to move more than 180000 cuyd down the edges of the gulch to create a flat playing field of 2.5 acre. Wooden molds were built to cast concrete for 31 rows of stadium seating surrounding the playfield.

The original structure exceeded what the soil could support. A restoration project in the 1970s had to sacrifice roughly half of the seating capacity because of instability. In 1981 a burst storm drain washed away the scoreboard and the bayward end zone of the football field. This was followed by a further restoration allowing the stadium to reopen in 1985.

The school was the filming location for many of the scenes of the 1999 movie 10 Things I Hate About You.

In 2005-2006 the school underwent a major renovation, seismic upgrade, historical restoration, and expansion. Bassetti Architects were the design architects, and Merrit Pardini Architects (later Krei Architecture) were the architects of record for this work. During the renovation, students were temporarily relocated to the old site of Mount Tahoma High School in the south end, just over 7 mi away.

The centennial celebration of Stadium High School was held on September 16, 2006. The celebration was attended by 3299 alumni, setting a Guinness World Record for the largest recorded school reunion.

Filmography
Stadium High School was used as a filming location for the 1999 popular teen comedy movie "10 Things I Hate About You."

 * 10 Things I Hate About You (1999)
 * I Love You to Death (1990)

Notable alumni

 * Bill Baarsma, 1960, Tacoma mayor
 * Sam Baker, former NFL Pro Bowl player; transferred after his junior year
 * Bruce Bennett (b. Herman Brix) 1924, Olympic shot-put medalist and Hollywood actor
 * Rosemarie Bowe, 1950, actress, wife of Robert Stack
 * Angela Warnick Buchdahl (born 1972), rabbi
 * Cathryn Damon, 1947, stage, TV and film actress
 * R. N. DeArmond, author, historian
 * Jeff Durgan, professional soccer player (retired)
 * Evan Hunziker, man who spent three months in North Korean custody for illegally entering the country
 * Josh Keyes, artist
 * Edward LaChapelle, avalanche researcher
 * Al Libke, former MLB player (Cincinnati Reds)
 * Cliff Marker, former NFL player
 * Vicci Martinez, acoustic-rock singer/songwriter
 * Marjie Millar (b. Marjie Miller), 1949, TV and movie actress
 * Gordon Naccarato, 1972, restaurateur
 * Eric T. Olson, 1969, admiral and commander of U.S. Special Operations Command
 * Janis Paige (b. Donna Mae Jaden), 1940, film and theater actress
 * Dixy Lee Ray, 1933, chair of federal Atomic Energy Commission, Governor of Washington
 * Debbie Regala, 1963, State Senator, District 27 - D
 * Irv Robbins, 1935?, co-founder of Baskin-Robbins
 * Albert Rosellini, 1927, attorney, civic leader, governor of Washington
 * James Sargent Russell, 1918, admiral, commander of NATO forces in Europe
 * Robert McCawley Short, 1925, aviator
 * Sugar Ray Seales, 1971, boxer, 1972 Olympic gold medalist and professional prizefighter
 * Doug Sisk, former MLB player (New York Mets, Baltimore Orioles, Atlanta Braves)
 * Jeff Stock, professional soccer player
 * Jack Tuell, 1940, author and bishop in the United Methodist Church

title: Stadium High School


text:
Daunorubicin

Daunorubicin, also known as daunomycin, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. Specifically it is used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and Kaposi's sarcoma. It is administered by injection into a vein. A liposomal formulation known as liposomal daunorubicin also exists.

Common side effects include hair loss, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, and inflammation of the inside of the mouth. Other severe side effects include heart disease and tissue death at the site of injection. Use in pregnancy may harm the fetus. Daunorubicin is in the anthracycline family of medication. It works in part by blocking the function of topoisomerase II.

Daunorubicin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It was originally isolated from bacteria of the Streptomyces type.

Medical uses
It slows or stops the growth of cancer cells in the body. Treatment is usually performed together with other chemotherapy drugs (such as cytarabine), and its administration depends on the type of tumor and the degree of response.

In addition to its major use in treating acute myeloid leukemia, daunorubicin is also used to treat neuroblastoma. Daunorubicin has been used with other chemotherapy agents to treat the blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Daunorubicin is also used as the starting material for semi-synthetic manufacturing of doxorubicin, epirubicin and idarubicin.

Mechanism of action
Similar to doxorubicin, daunorubicin interacts with DNA by intercalation and inhibition of macromolecular biosynthesis. This inhibits the progression of the enzyme topoisomerase II, which relaxes supercoils in DNA; without action of topoisomerase II, these DNA supercoils interfere in transcription of DNA. Daunorubicin stabilizes the topoisomerase II complex after it has broken the DNA chain for replication, preventing the DNA double helix from being resealed and thereby stopping the process of replication. On binding to DNA, daunomycin intercalates, with its daunosamine residue directed toward the minor groove. It has the highest preference for two adjacent G/C base pairs flanked on the 5' side by an A/T base pair. Crystallography shows that daunomycin induces a local unwinding angle of 8°, and other conformational disturbances of adjacent and second-neighbour base pairs. It can also induce histone eviction from chromatin upon intercalation.

History
In the 1950s, an Italian research company, Farmitalia Research Laboratories, began an organized effort to isolate anticancer compounds from soil-based microbes. A soil sample was isolated from the area surrounding the Castel del Monte, a 13th-century castle in Apulia. A new strain of Streptomyces peucetius which produced a red pigment was isolated, and an antibiotic was produced from this bacterium that was found to have good activity against murine tumors. Since a group of French researchers discovered the same compound at about the same time, the two teams named the compound daunorubicin, combining the name Dauni, a pre-Roman tribe that occupied the area of Italy where the compound was isolated, with the French word for ruby, rubis, describing the color. Clinical trials began in the 1960s, and the drug saw success in treating acute leukemia and lymphoma.

However, by 1967, it was recognized that daunorubicin could produce fatal cardiac toxicity.

In 2015–16, a team at Ohio State University "showed that, by carefully manipulating strands of viral DNA, an origami structure with complex folds can be created in just 10 minutes. Incredibly, these structures are only 100 nanometers across – that’s 1,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair. Small volumes of daunorubicin can be wrapped up in these minuscule pods, which can then be released into a leukemia cell-filled environment."

Route of administration
Daunorubicin should only be administered in a rapid intravenous infusion. It should not be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, since it may cause extensive tissue necrosis. It should also never be administered intrathecally (into the spinal canal), as this will cause extensive damage to the nervous system and may lead to death. Daunorubicin has been used intravitreally (inside the eye) for the purposes of preventing proliferative vitreoretinopathy, a common complication following retinal detachment surgery, but has not been found to be effective and is not used for any other ophthalmic purposes at this time.

title: Daunorubicin


text:
Pyramid of Menkaure

The pyramid of Menkaure is the smallest of the three main pyramids of the Giza pyramid complex, located on the Giza Plateau in the southwestern outskirts of Cairo, Egypt. It is thought to have been built to serve as the tomb of the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Menkaure.

Size and construction
Menkaure's pyramid had an original height of 65.5 m, and was the smallest of the three major pyramids at the Giza Necropolis. It now stands at 61 m tall with a base of 108.5 m. Its angle of incline is approximately 51°20′25″. It was constructed of limestone and Aswan granite. The first sixteen courses of the exterior were made of the red granite. The upper portion was cased in the normal manner with Tura limestone. Part of the granite was left in the rough. Incomplete projects such as this pyramid help archaeologists understand the methods used to build pyramids and temples.

The descending passage to lower burial chamber is in the 'large apartment' floor, probably original hidden by floor blocks. It is theorised that originally the pyramid was planned to be smaller. The blind alley being the originally planned entrance passage.

Age and location
The pyramid's date of construction is unknown, because Menkaure's reign has not been accurately defined, but it was probably completed in the 26th century BC. It is a few hundred meters southwest of its larger neighbors, the pyramid of Khafre and the Great Pyramid of Khufu in the Giza necropolis.

Sarcophagus and coffin
In 1837 Howard Vyse and John Shae Perring discovered the basalt sarcophagus of Menkaure, described as beautiful black and rich in detail with a bold projecting cornice, which contained the bones of a young woman. It was loaded onto the ship Beatrice, but wrecked off the Spanish coast on the way to Great Britain.

A wooden anthropoid coffin inscribed with Menkaure's name and containing the remains of a mummy were found in the upper burial chamber and later transferred safely to the British Museum. The coffin was radiocarbon dated to 1212–846 BC, from the late New Kingdom to the Third Intermediate Period. The male body and its shroud were carbon dated to the early Islamic Period.

Pyramid temple
In the mortuary temple, the foundations and the inner core were made of limestone. The floors were begun with granite and granite facings were added to some of the walls. The foundations of the valley temple were made of stone. Both temples were finished with crude bricks. Reisner estimated that some of the blocks of local stone in the walls of the mortuary temple weighed as much as 220 tons. The heaviest granite ashlars imported from Aswan weighed more than 30 tons.

It is assumed that Menkaure's successor Shepseskaf completed the temple construction. An inscription was found in the mortuary temple that said he "made it (the temple) as his monument for his father, the king of upper and lower Egypt."

Subsequent architectural additions and two stelae from the Sixth Dynasty suggest that a cult for the Pharaoh was maintained, or was periodically renewed, for two centuries after his death.

Valley temple
The Menkaure Valley temple was excavated between 1908 and 1910 by American archaeologist George Andrew Reisner. He found a large number of statues, mostly of Menkaure alone, and as a member of a group. These were all carved in the naturalistic style of the Old Kingdom, with a high degree of detail.

Queens' pyramids
South of the pyramid of Menkaure are three smaller pyramids, designated G3-a, G3-b, and G3-c, each accompanied by a temple and substructure. The easternmost is the largest and a true pyramid. Its casing is partly of granite, like the main pyramid, and is believed to have been completed due to the limestone pyramidion found close by. Neither of the other two progressed beyond the construction of the inner core.

Reisner speculated that the structures were likely tombs for the queens of Menkaure, and that the individuals buried there may have been his half-sisters. The archaeologist Mark Lehner argues that pyramid G3-a has a layout akin to a ka pyramid, which would have housed a statue of the king rather than a body. The fact that the structure once contained a pink granite sarcophagus, has led scholars to speculate that it may have been reused as a queen's burial tomb, or that it served as a chapel where the body of Menkaure was mummified.

Attempted demolition

In AD 1196, Al-Aziz Uthman, Saladin's son and the Sultan of Egypt, attempted to demolish the pyramids, starting with that of Menkaure. Workmen recruited to demolish the pyramid stayed at their job for eight months, but found it almost as expensive to destroy as to build. They could only remove one or two stones each day. Some used wedges and levers to move the stones, while others used ropes to pull them down.

When a stone fell, it would bury itself in the sand, requiring extraordinary efforts to free it. Wedges were used to split the stones into several pieces, and a cart was used to carry it to the foot of the escarpment, where it was left. Despite their efforts, workmen were only able to damage the pyramid to the extent of leaving a large vertical gash at its northern face.

Restoration
In January 2024 a project commenced which aims to move the fallen granite blocks of the facade back to their original location on the pyramid of Menkaure. It is planned to take three years to complete. The outer casing of the pyramid used to have 16 layers of granite, seven of which remained in situ. The excavation of the perimeter of the pyramid might uncover a still undiscovered boat pit, which was indicated by a boat hieroglyph found nearby. Weeks after the announcement, the project was scrapped following backlash by researchers and a report by a team of experts called in by Egyptian officials and led by Zahi Hawass, Egypt’s former minister of antiquities which “unanimously objected to the re-installation of the granite casing blocks scattered around the base of the pyramid”.

title: Pyramid of Menkaure


text:
Area codes 514, 438, and 263

Area codes 514, 438, and 263 are telephone area codes of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for Montreal and most of its on-island suburbs, specifically the Island of Montreal and Île Perrot in the Canadian province of Quebec.

Area code 514 was one of the original North American area codes assigned by AT&T in 1947. The original numbering plan area (NPA) was split twice: in 1957 to create area code 819 and in 1998 to create area code 450. In 2006, the entire remaining 514 area was assigned a second area code, 438, in an overlay plan that made ten-digit dialing mandatory in the Montreal area. Area code 263 was added to the overlay in October 2022.

The incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) in the service area is Bell Canada. The major competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs) are Vidéotron, Telus, and Rogers.

History

When Montreal's local calls were handled manually by operators, the caller requested the destination by name, before the first (four-digit) local telephone numbers were assigned in July 1881. In 1898, exchange names Main, Westmount, Uptown, and East, were added before the number. The initial rotary dial exchange, Lancaster, was deployed on April 25, 1925. Subscribers dialled two letters of an exchange name and four digits (2L+4N) and so "Lancaster 1234" was dialled as LA-1234 (52-1234).

The initial area codes were created in 1947 as routing codes for operator-assisted calls. Quebec and Ontario were the only provinces that received multiple area codes. Quebec was split between area codes 514 and 418. Area code 514 was originally assigned to the entire western half of Quebec from the Canada–US border to the Hudson Strait. The area nominally included several remote areas in the far northern portion of the province that at the time did not have telephone service. When the Bell System implemented direct distance dialing (DDD) for content-wide service using a seven-digit local telephone number, prefixed by a three-digit area code, Montreal and Toronto, the largest Canadian cities, still used six-digit (2L-4N) numbering plans. Between 1951 and 1958, telephone numbers were lengthened by adding one digit (2L-5N) to be compatible. Numbering plan area code 514 was split in 1957 to create area code 819 for most of western Quebec, from Estrie (Sherbrooke) to the Ontario border, with the unserved far northern portion nominally added to 418 (and later moved to 819). Area code 514 was reduced to the region surrounding Montreal.

That configuration remained unchanged for 41 years. In 1998, the off-island suburbs (Laval, Montérégie, etc.) received area code 450, which now completely surrounds 514. That left 514 as the Island of Montreal and a few surrounding smaller islands, which makes it one of the six pairs of doughnut area codes in the numbering plan and one of two in Canada, the other being Toronto's area code 416.

The 1998 split was intended as a long-term solution to a shortage of available numbers in Canada's second-largest toll-free calling zone. However, within less than a decade, 514 was close to exhaustion because of the proliferation of computer, pager, and cell phone technologies. The problem was exacerbated by Canada's inefficient system of number allocation. Unlike the United States, Canada does not use number pooling as a relief measure. Every competing carrier is assigned blocks of 10,000 telephone numbers, which correspond to a single central office prefix, in every rate centre in which it plans to offer service. Once a telephone number is allocated to a carrier and rate centre, it cannot be reused elsewhere, even when a rate centre has more than enough numbers to serve it. That resulted in thousands of wasted telephone numbers. Many larger cities have multiple rate centres, which have never been amalgamated. Montreal is an exception since it is Canada's second-largest rate centre.

The number allocation problem was not as severe in Montreal as in other areas of Canada since numbers tend to be used up fairly quickly. However, numbers from the suburban areas to Montreal could not be reassigned, and it became apparent that the area needed another area code. On November 4, 2006, numbering plan area 514 was overlaid with area code 438, which required ten-digit dialing for all subscribers in the Montreal area, even for local calls. By then, overlays had become the preferred relief measure in Canada, as they affect existing subscribers the least and provide a workaround for the number allocation problem. No area codes have been split in Canada since 1999.

The number allocation problem is still unaddressed, but under current projections, Montreal will not need another area code until 2023. Despite Montreal's continued growth, 514/438 is nowhere near exhaustion.

Area code 438 was considered for overlaying 450 as well, but a later decision determined instead that 579 would be the overlay code.

In February 2017, area code 263 was reserved as the third area code in the region, and was placed in service on October 22, 2022.

Service area

 * Côte Saint-Luc, Hampstead, L'Île-Dorval, Montreal, Montréal-Est, Montreal West, Mount Royal, Westmount — most of (514)/(438) except as listed below
 * Dollard-des-Ormeaux — (514) 309, 421, 472, 491, 533, 542, 545, 613, 615, 676, 683, 684, 685, 752, 763, 822 (438) 894
 * Dorval — (514) 300, 307, 403, 420, 422, 469, 471, 492, 532, 538, 552, 556, 600, 631, 633, 634, 636, 637, 639, 780, 828, (438) 264, 600, 819, 891
 * L'Île-Perrot, Notre-Dame-de-l'Île-Perrot, Pincourt, Terrasse-Vaudreuil — (514) 320, 425, 446, 453, 477, 478, 536, 539, 612, 646, 901, 902, (438) 257, 638, 700, 890
 * Baie-d'Urfé, Beaconsfield, Kirkland, Pointe-Claire, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Senneville — (514) 319, 426, 427, 428, 457, 459, 500, 505, 534, 541, 558, 630, 671, 674, 693, 694, 695, 697, 782, 783, 900, (438) 265, 500, 538, 893

A few western Montreal neighbourhoods were never combined into the main Montreal rate centre and therefore have a reduced subset of the Montreal local calling area.

 * Île Bizard, Pierrefonds, Roxboro, Sainte-Geneviève — (514) 305, 308, 479, 535, 547, 551, 565, 620, 624, 626, 675, 696, 700, 784, 785, (438) 818, 895
 * Lachine — see Dorval

title: Area codes 514, 438, and 263


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stephen Conrad

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete Zzyzx11 (Talk) 04:47, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Stephen Conrad

 * Delete hoax Revolución 03:08, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unverifiable. Looks like a personal attack. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 11:58, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Stephen Joseph Conrad was said to be one of Europe's' most incompetent Generals. Although his 'talents' were never truly put in to practice until he was already well up the military ladder, his peers had expressed concern as to his abilities to lead men in combat. Why or how these reports were overlooked as he rose through the ranks is a mystery

 * Weasel wording without sources. Looks like an attack to me. Delete unless notability is verified and neutrality is returned. Mgm|(talk) 16:24, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. No need for a vote, it's a hoax. The battle described never took place, and Conrad is a fictive person, or at least unknown to Danes. I think the only correct part of the article is that Germany invaded Denmark in 1940. --Kristjan Wager 16:33, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Did a little more research - even the betallion names are wrong (the betallion numbers/names don't match up).--Kristjan Wager 16:46, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete as hoax/attack page. --Carnildo 21:53, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete agree hoax/attack. --Etacar11 23:56, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. JamesBurns 10:48, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zekican

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. Eugene van der Pijll 21:16, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Zekican
Can't find evidence of "Zekican" being a real animal. Possible mistranslation from Turkish. Article lacks content, form, proper English. Can't correct due to non-existance of zekican information on the web. Seenyer 03:09, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax. There is no Upper Bellrock in Ankara either. mikka (t) 06:19, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per Mikka. Hoax, possible attack. Mgm|(talk) 16:28, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax/nonsense. --Etacar11 00:00, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. JamesBurns 10:48, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense. Mihoshi 22:45, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy as above. Kel-nage 22:46, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NeoJustin 03:05 June 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zekican


text:
Category talk:Anal eroticism

Referendum
There is a vote being taken on the Talk:Anus page regarding the inclusion of a photograph of an anus, and the appropriateness of sexuality info in that article. 70.177.90.39 03:11, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Anal eroticism


text:
David Banner

Lavell William Crump (born April 11, 1974), better known by his stage name David Banner, is an American rapper, record producer, and actor.

Born in Brookhaven, Mississippi, Banner's family moved to Jackson, Mississippi, where he was raised. Banner graduated from Southern University with a bachelor's degree, then attended University of Maryland Eastern Shore to pursue a master's. He started his music career as a member of the rap duo, Crooked Lettaz, before going solo in 2000 with the release titled Them Firewater Boyz, Vol. 1. In 2003, Banner signed to Universal Records, where he released four albums: Mississippi: The Album (2003), MTA2: Baptized in Dirty Water (2003), Certified (2005), and The Greatest Story Ever Told (2008).

Banner is also a noted producer, having produced music for himself, Trick Daddy, T.I., Lil Boosie and Lil Wayne among others.

Early life
Lavell William Crump was born in Brookhaven and raised in Jackson, Mississippi, the elder son of Zeno Crump Jr., Jackson district fire chief, and Carolyn Crump. He graduated from Provine High School in Jackson in 1992 and then attended Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, his mother's alma mater. At Southern University, Crump served as president of the Student Government Association and received a bachelor's degree in business. He later attended the University of Maryland Eastern Shore to pursue a master's degree in education but later left the program to pursue his music career full-time.

1995–2000: Beginnings and Them Firewater Boyz, Vol. 1
Crump's stage name "David Banner" is taken from the lead character of the television series, The Incredible Hulk. With several of his friends, Banner sent some demo tapes to Jackson, Mississippi radio station, WJMI. Record executive Glenn Toby discovered the group and signed them to Neil Levine at Penalty Records. In 1999, Banner and rapper Kamikaze as the duo, Crooked Lettaz, released Grey Skies (Penalty Recordings). In 2000, Banner released his solo debut album, Them Firewater Boyz, Vol. 1. Released on the independent label, Big Face Records, the album sold around 7,000 copies.

2003–2006: Mississippi: The Album, MTA2: Baptized in Dirty Water and Certified
After assessing various offers, Banner and manager, Scott Johnson, decided to sign with Universal Records subsidiary, SRC Records, which was founded by Steve Rifkind who had previous success as CEO of the heavyweight hip-hop label, Loud Records. In 2003, Banner produced T.I.'s single, "Rubber Band Man", which reached No. 30 on the Hot 100, No. 15 on the R&B chart, and No. 11 on the Rap chart. In 2003, Banner released his first major label album, Mississippi: The Album. Mississippi included the hit single, "Like a Pimp", featuring Lil Flip. "Like a Pimp" peaked at No. 48 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, No. 15 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, and No. 10 on the Hot Rap Tracks chart. He released the follow-up album the same year titled MTA2: Baptized in Dirty Water which yielded the hit, "Crank It Up", featuring Static Major.

In 2005, Banner released his third major label album, Certified. The album's first single was "Ain't Got Nothing" which featured Magic & Lil Boosie, followed by the second single, "Play", which reached No. 7 on the Hot 100 chart, No. 5 on the R&B chart, and No. 3 on the Rap chart. The third single, "Touching", featured Jazze Pha and reached No. 54 on the R&B chart. In 2006, Banner appeared on "Seein' Thangs", a song about Hurricane Katrina featured on DJ Shadow's album "The Outsider". A remix featuring Bay Area hyphy rappers Nump and Gold also was made. Outside projects for Banner have included writing the theme song to the video game, Saints Row, as well as contributing to the music for a commercial promoting the video game, Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds. Banner played the part of Tehronne in Black Snake Moan (2006).

2007–present: The Greatest Story Ever Told and The God Box
Banner appeared on the Adult Swim pilot That Crook'd 'Sipp, which premiered on May 13, 2007. His single "Play" was used as the background music in the pilot's first television promo. That same year, he played the character of Mo, in the film This Christmas. On July 15, 2008, Banner released his fourth major label album, The Greatest Story Ever Told. The album's first single titled "9mm" featured Akon, Lil Wayne, and Snoop Dogg. Banner then produced his next two singles: "Get Like Me" featuring Chris Brown and Yung Joc, and "Shawty Say", featuring Lil Wayne. "Get Like Me" reached No. 16 on the Hot 100, No. 7 on the R&B chart, and No. 2 on the Rap chart. In 2008, Banner was featured on the track Superfriend, from the 2008 album, The Sound, by gospel R&B duo Mary Mary.

In 2010, he played Bosch in the film The Experiment and as Jay, a gang leader from the hood in Stomp the Yard: Homecoming. He has also worked with international artists such as Seeda, a Japanese Rap Artist where he was featured in the song, Life Song in 2010 on Seeda's Breathe Album. Banner released his debut mixtape titled Sex, Drugs and Video Games on May 22, 2012, as a free download. It is also available on his website, davidbanner.com, where fans are encouraged to make a donation of at least $1 for the sixteen song mixtape. The first single off the mixtape is titled "Amazing" featuring Chris Brown. It was announced that Universal Republic Records was going defunct, all of the artists on the roster moved from the label including (David Banner) was being moved to Republic Records making the label itself revived.

In 2013, Banner appeared in the music video for the song Confessions by Lecrae. Banner played Earl Gaines, Cecil Gaines' father, in the 2013 film The Butler. Banner plays Jay, a criminal who is interrogated, in the 2014 film Ride Along. David Banner was featured on a remix of Mexican American rapper Kap G's single "La Policia", which stirred hype throughout the media and the internet.

Humanitarian and political work
In November 2006, Banner was awarded a Visionary Award by the National Black Caucus of State Legislators in Jackson, Mississippi in recognition of his humanitarian work in response to Hurricane Katrina. On September 25, 2007, Banner testified before Congress at a hearing about racism and misogyny in hip hop music titled From Imus to Industry: The Business of Stereotypes and Degrading Images. He defended his use of offensive language and argued: "Change the situation in my neighborhood and maybe I'll get better." In his opening statement, Banner stated: "I can admit there are some problems in hip hop but it is only a reflection of what's taking place in our society. Hip hop is sick because America is sick."

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Them Firewater Boyz, Vol. 1 (2000)
 * Mississippi: The Album (2003)
 * MTA2: Baptized in Dirty Water (2003)
 * Certified (2005)
 * The Greatest Story Ever Told (2008)
 * #TheGodBox (2017)

 * Collaborative albums
 * Death of a Pop Star (with 9th Wonder) (2010)

Awards

 * BET Hip Hop Awards
 * 2008, Best Hip-Hop Video ("Get Like Me") with Chris Brown & Yung Joc [nominated]
 * 2008, Best Hip-Hop Collabo ("Get Like Me") with Chris Brown & Yung Joc [nominated]
 * 2008, Best Producer [nominated]
 * Ozone Awards
 * 2008, Best Rap/R&B Collaboration ("Get Like Me"), featuring Chris Brown & Yung Joc [nominated]

title: David Banner


text:
Lead white

Lead white is a thick, opaque, and heavy white pigment composed primarily of basic lead carbonate, 2PbCO3*Pb(OH)2, with a crystalline molecular structure. It was the most widely produced and used white pigment in different parts of the world from antiquity until the nineteenth century, when it was displaced by zinc white and later by titanium white. Lead white has maintained relatively consistent production methods across times and regions, yet it has a wide range of applications in different contexts, such as home decoration, art production, and cosmetics. Given its affordability and distinctive visual qualities, lead white was particularly favored and generously used by artists in their paintings. However, most art supply companies now explicitly advise against the use of lead white because of the risk that it poses of lead poisoning. Even after this drawback was known, it continued to be used in paintings and cosmetics.

Production methods
As one of the oldest synthetically produced pigments, lead white has been artificially produced in different cultures and periods using roughly the same production methods. A common technique in antiquity involved placing lead shavings above vinegar within specially designed clay pots, allowing the acidic vapors to react with the lead. As early as 300 B.C., such preparation of lead white from metallic lead and vinegar was probably used in China and later introduced to Japan in the seventh century. In seventeenth century Holland, the "Dutch" or "stack" method of producing lead white improved slightly upon the ancient process through the additional step of sealing clay pots in a room filled with horse manure or waste tan bark, which provided a source of heat and carbon dioxide, yielding basic lead carbonate through the combined action of the acetic vapors, carbonic acid, and heat. In England, a monopoly was granted for production of lead white in 1622.

History of use
Lead white has been widely used in various contexts across different cultures from ancient times to the present. Until the twentieth century, this highly versatile pigment was used in numerous applications, including enamel for ceramic tableware and bathroom fittings, house paints, and wallpapers. Within the realm of painting, lead white was occasionally used in wall paintings and tempera paintings on paper and silk in early times in China and Japan. Well into the nineteenth century, it was the sole white pigment used in European easel painting and had been widely adopted by artists due to its affordable costs and distinctive qualities, until the advent of zinc white. In modern times, titanium dioxide has largely taken the place of lead white due to safety concerns.

The danger of lead poisoning made lead white cosmetics especially hazardous. In eighteenth-century Europe, upper-class men and women powdered their face and body with beauty products to accentuate their white complexion as a sign of their affluence. Lead white, one of the most popular ingredients used in cosmetics to whiten the skin, was favored for its opacity in spite of the well-known risk of lead poisoning. In other cultural contexts such as Greece, China, and Japan, white lead had long been a popular cosmetic foundation to make skin look smooth and pale. Despite the fatal danger of lead poisoning, the use of white lead in cosmetics persisted for an extended period of time in history across many cultures.

Visual characteristics
Given its high refractive index and low oil-absorption index, lead white generally requires a small amount of oil to make workable pastes with high hiding power. It has served to delineate forms in underpainting, for the modeling of bodies, and for highlights because of its high opacity and adherence. Today, when paintings are X-rayed, the often dense outline of lead white can appear as a kind of skeleton within a painting, indicating the underdrawing. In addition to being used independently, lead white is frequently used to produce tints of other colors. In combination with blue, it appears often in depictions of the sky, and it is commonly used with red and brown pigments to create flesh tones. Additionally, admixtures of lead white with other whites such as calcium carbonate and chalk for making opaque watercolor may also be encountered in paintings, especially those created by sixteenth and seventeenth-centuries Dutch artists.

Permanence
Lead white is compatible with various binding media and has remarkable permanence, being lightfast. However, its permanence also depends on its relationships to different media. Most of the lead white of European paintings was ground in vegetable drying oil, particularly linseed oil with superior drying properties. Once the mixture has completely dried, it results in a tough and resistant film that is less prone to swelling in organic solvents compared to other oil-pigment mixtures. While lead white locked in a drying oil film and protected with varnish endures for centuries without blackening, it turns black when used in watercolor, as seen in the highlights of old master drawings, due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the air.

Notable occurrences
The ubiquity of lead white for much of recorded history makes its occurrences in both western and non-western art widespread. Several examples, significant for their early date, are Fayum portraits from the second century CE. Over eighty Dutch paintings dating from the mid-fifteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries have been found to contain lead white. Lead white can also be found in paintings well into the 20th century, including in the work of major artists such as Picasso. There are a number of occurrences of lead white as a pigment in East Asian paintings, especially murals or silk paintings. Most notable among them are the Dunhuang cave paintings found in western China, which date from the ninth or tenth century, as well as the Japanese wall paintings in the Daigo-ji Pagoda and the Korean mural paintings in Anak Tomb No. 3.

title: Lead white