text:
Robert Dundas of Arniston, the younger

Robert Dundas of Arniston, the younger, FRSE (18 July 1713 – 13 December 1787) was a Scottish judge. He served as Solicitor General for Scotland from 1742 to 1746, as Lord Advocate from 1754 to 1760, and as Member of Parliament for Midlothian from 1754 to 1761. He was Lord President of the Court of Session from 1760 to 1787, losing his popularity for giving his casting vote against Archibald Douglas in the famous Douglas Cause.

Life and career
Robert Dundas was the eldest son of Robert Dundas of Arniston (1685–1753), Lord President of the Court of Session, by Elizabeth Watson, his first wife. He was educated first at home and at school, and then at the University of Edinburgh. In 1733, he proceeded to Utrecht University, then celebrated for the teaching of Roman law, and also visited Paris.

Returning to Scotland in 1737, Dundas was admitted an advocate in 1738. He was quick, ingenious and eloquent, and had a retentive memory. Like his father, he was convivial and shirked drudgery. He is said, though a good scholar, never to have read through a book after leaving college. Being solely ambitious of attaining to the bench, he refused many cases, especially those which involved writing papers, and took only such work as seemed to lead to advancement. For his first five years, his fees only averaged £280 per annum. Through the favour of the Carteret administration, he was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland on 11 August 1742, and, no change occurring in the Scotch department on Lord Wilmington's death, held that post through the arduous and responsible times of the Jacobite plots and the rising of 1745. Being, however, unable to act easily with Lord Milton, the lord justice clerk, he resigned in 1746 upon the change of ministry, but was at once elected dean of the faculty.

On 16 August 1754, Dundas was appointed Lord Advocate, having been returned for Midlothian unopposed on 25 April at the general election. While in parliament, he opposed the establishment of a militia in Scotland, and, as lord advocate, was largely occupied in settling the new conditions of the highlands, and in disposing of his great patronage so as to enhance the family influence. But one speech of his in parliament is recorded,

Dundas was appointed a commissioner of fisheries on 17 June 1755, and on the death of Robert Craigie, he became lord president of the court of session, 14 June 1760. He found upwards of two years' arrears of cases undecided, and having by great efforts disposed of them, he never allowed his case-list to fall into arrears again. He was the best lord president who had filled the office, short but weighty in his judgements, thorough in his grasp of the cases, indignant at chicane, a punctilious guardian of the dignity of the court, a chief who called forth all the faculties of his colleagues.

Having, on 7 July 1767, given the casting vote against the claimant, Archibald Stewart, in the Douglas peerage case, he became very unpopular, and during the tumultuous rejoicings at Edinburgh, after the House of Lords had reversed that decision on 2 March 1769, the mob insulted him and attacked his house. In his latter years his eyesight failed, and after a short illness he died at his house in Adam's Square on 13 December 1787, and was buried with great pomp at Borthwick on 18 December His tomb lis within Borthwick Church in the Arniston Aisle and was sculpted by John Bacon of London.

Family
Part of a remarkable Scottish legal and political dynasty, his great-grandfather James Dundas, Lord Arniston (died 1679) and grandfather Robert Dundas, Lord Arniston (died 1726) had been MPs and judges, as was his father, Robert Dundas of Arniston, the Elder.

Dundas married, firstly, on 17 October 1741, Henrietta Baillie, daughter of Sir James Carmichael Baillie of Lamington and Bonnytoun, who died on 3 May 1755; and, secondly, in September 1756, Jean, daughter of William Grant, Lord Prestongrange. By his first wife, he had four daughters, of whom Elizabeth, the eldest, married Sir John Lockhart-Ross, 6th Baronet; and by his second four sons, of whom Robert, the eldest, became lord advocate, and two daughters. The three younger sons all had notable careers: Francis became a general and acting governor of the Cape Colony between 1798 and 1803, William became a lawyer and Member of Parliament, and Philip became superintendent of Bombay, a Member of Parliament, and governor of Prince of Wales Island.

title: Robert Dundas of Arniston, the younger


text:
Talk:Refugee Council

[Untitled]
It's DON'T BELIEVE THE TYPE, as opposed to HYPE —Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.185.240.122 (talk) 13:02, 25 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Oops, my mistake. I'll change it back. Cordless Larry (talk) 13:09, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

At the moment I've only put in the history, but I'll add some details about the organisation's work at some point (or feel free to do it yourself!) MyNameIsClare 18:56, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

July 2011
Update the page to !
 * 1) updates to text
 * 2) add info box
 * 3) remove minor vandalism
 * 4) override revert-bot
 * 5) add references & remove tag

92.234.44.247 00:24, 18 July 2011

June 2012
reuploaded public version of logo and added link to logo to the page

--Rcwebeditor2 (talk) 13:28, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

Feb 2013
Updated & refreshed — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sufilala (talk • contribs) 00:09, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Refugee Council


text:
1997 Australian Open

The 1997 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Melbourne Park in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 85th edition of the Australian Open and was held from 13 through 26 January 1997.

Prior to the 2021 US Open, this was the last Grand Slam tournament not to feature Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Serena Williams, or Venus Williams in the main singles draw.

Men's singles
🇺🇸 Pete Sampras defeated 🇪🇸 Carlos Moyá 6–2, 6–3, 6–3
 * It was Sampras' 9th career Grand Slam title and his 2nd and last Australian Open title.

Women's singles
Martina Hingis defeated 🇫🇷 Mary Pierce 6–2, 6–2
 * It was Hingis' 1st career Grand Slam title and her 1st Australian Open title. Hingis became the first Swiss player – male or female – to win a Grand Slam singles title.

Men's doubles
🇦🇺 Todd Woodbridge / 🇦🇺 Mark Woodforde defeated 🇨🇦 Sébastien Lareau / 🇺🇸 Alex O'Brien 4–6, 7–5, 7–5, 6–3
 * It was Woodbridge's 13th career Grand Slam title and his 3rd Australian Open title. It was Woodforde's 14th career Grand Slam title and his 4th and last Australian Open title.

Women's doubles
Martina Hingis / 🇧🇾 Natasha Zvereva defeated 🇺🇸 Lindsay Davenport / 🇺🇸 Lisa Raymond 6–2, 6–2
 * It was Hingis' 3rd career Grand Slam title and her 2nd Australian Open title. It was Zvereva's 18th career Grand Slam title and her 5th and last Australian Open title.

Mixed doubles
Manon Bollegraf / 🇺🇸 Rick Leach defeated Larisa Neiland /  John-Laffnie de Jager 6–3, 6–7(5–7), 7–5
 * It was Bollegraf's 3rd career Grand Slam title and her only Australian Open title. It was Leach's 7th career Grand Slam title and his 4th Australian Open title.

Boys' singles
🇩🇪 Daniel Elsner defeated Wesley Whitehouse 7–6, 6–2

Girls' singles
Mirjana Lučić defeated 🇩🇪 Marlene Weingärtner 6–2, 6–2

Boys' doubles
🇬🇧 David Sherwood / 🇬🇧 James Trotman defeated Jaco van der Westhuizen /  Wesley Whitehouse 7–6, 6–3

Girls' doubles
Mirjana Lučić / 🇩🇪 Jasmin Wöhr defeated 🇰🇷 Cho Yoon-jeong / 🇯🇵 Shiho Hisamatsu 6–2, 6–2

Legends' doubles
🇦🇺 Peter McNamara / 🇦🇺 Fred Stolle defeated 🇦🇺 Mark Edmondson / 🇦🇺 Ken Rosewall 6–4, 6–4

title: 1997 Australian Open


text:
M. C. Gainey

Michael Connor Gainey (born January 18, 1948) is an American character actor best known for his appearances in Lost, Con Air, Sideways, Tangled, and Django Unchained.

Early life
Gainey was born in Jackson, Mississippi. In the early 1970s, he attended the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco, California, with Ken Hixon. Prior to this, he attended the University of Southern Mississippi. He worked as a mortician's apprentice before he decided to study acting. He served in the U.S. Army and was the company mailman at his post in Chakmakli, Turkey in 1969.

Career
In 1981, he made his big-screen debut in Herbert Ross's musical Pennies from Heaven starring Steve Martin and Bernadette Peters. Since the early 1980s, he has been in over 50 films, including Two Idiots in Hollywood (1988), The Mighty Ducks (1992), The Fan (1996), Breakdown (1997), Con Air (1997), Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Sideways (2004), Are We There Yet? (2005), The Dukes of Hazzard (2005), Wild Hogs (2007) and Mr. Woodcock (2007).

Gainey was one of the stars of the short-lived series Against the Law and played Tom Friendly on the series Lost. He also played murderous drug dealer Bo Crowder in season one on the hit FX series Justified. He has guest starred on over 40 television shows, including The Dukes of Hazzard, Knight Rider, Designing Women, The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr., Walker, Texas Ranger, Criminal Minds, CSI, Girl Meets World, Cheers, Days of Our Lives, The X-Files, Desperate Housewives, The Mentalist, Burn Notice, and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.

In 2003, Gainey appeared in The Last Cowboy, playing the role of Lance Henriksen's friend, along with Bradley Cooper and Jennie Garth. In 2004, Gainey appeared as a cuckolded husband in full frontal nudity in the award-winning arthouse film Sideways. He played Kurtz / The Wizard in the controversial road-revenge short film Apocalypse Oz. In 2007, he appeared in Mr. Woodcock, Wild Hogs, and Unearthed. In 2010, he appeared in Love Ranch and voiced the Captain of the Palace Guard in Tangled and he reprised this role for the TV series Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure in 2017–2020. In 2012, he appeared in Quentin Tarantino's film Django Unchained.

Personal life
He has been married to his wife Kim Novicki since 2002.

On being typecast, Gainey stated: With a face like this, there aren't a lot of lawyers or priest roles coming my way. I've got a face that was meant for a mug shot and that's what I've been doing for the past thirty years. If I play a cop, it's always a racist cop, or a trigger-happy cop or a crooked cop - but by and large I play cowboys, bikers, and convicts.

On his favorite of the villainous characters he has played, Gainey said: "Swamp Thing" in Con Air. In a movie that has so many villains, take a look at my character closely - not that it supports the weight of a careful examination - and you'll see that I don't really get in anyone's face, I don't really kill anyone, I'm not really a bad guy - I'm just a guy who likes to fly. He made the mistake of landing his plane full of controlled substances in the wrong place and finds himself in the system. In terms of bad guys though, the character I played in Breakdown was a very bad human being. There's nothing redeeming about that character.

title: M. C. Gainey


text: Category:Tokusatsu

title: Category:Tokusatsu


text:
Jan Raas

Jan Raas (born 8 November 1952) is a Dutch former professional cyclist whose 115 wins include the 1979 World Road Race Championship in Valkenburg, he also won the Tour of Flanders in 1979 and 1983, Paris–Roubaix in 1982 and Milan–San Remo in 1977. He won ten stages in the Tour de France. In six starts, Raas won the Amstel Gold Race five times. In his entire career he competed in 23 of the highly contested "Monument" Races and he finished on the podium in almost half of them: 1st place four times and 3rd place six times.

Raas was a tactician and clever sprinter. He struggled on the long steep climbs but excelled on the short climbs characteristic of the northern classics.

Career
Born in Heinkenszand, near Goes in Zeeland, Raas was the son of a farmer and one of 10 children. He showed no interest in cycling until leaving school at 16 when he acquired his first racing bike and started competing as a junior category, taking his first victory in Damme in Belgium on the 21 July 1969. Further success as an amateur, including stage wins in the Olympia Tour and the national championship, prompted Peter Post, the manager of, to offer Raas a contract for 1975

The 22-year-old had a good first season with two small victories and fourth in the Tour of Belgium. The following year (1976) saw him become national champion, but at the end of that year Raas parted company with, looking for more freedom to race.

In 1977 he rode for Frisol. Victories in Milan–San Remo and the Amstel Gold Race made Post rethink and Raas was back with for 1978. Raas became the influence behind the success of the team in the late seventies and early eighties. He was joint leader with Gerrie Knetemann, heading members such as Joop Zoetemelk, Ludo Peeters, Cees Priem and Henk Lubberding.

He played a major role in the victory of Zoetemelk in the 1980 Tour de France, as TI-Raleigh had one of the most dominant performances in all of TDF history not only containing Bernard Hinault, but also winning twelve stages, including seven in a row at one point.

Raas’ highlights for the rest of his career included his 1979 world championship on home soil in Valkenburg, where he outsprinted German "Didi" Thurau in front of 200,000 spectators (even with the help from team-mates that push him during the climb, grabbing service vehicle, and the fall of Giovanni Battaglin caused by Thurau and Raas himself on the last 200m). He had four more victories in the Amstel Gold Race to give a record of five. Raas regarded the Amstel Gold as his favourite race: “The Gold Race was made for me, I had no ability as a climber, but the short and hard Limburg hills were made for me”, he said. He won Paris–Roubaix at his seventh attempt in 1982 thanks to work by his team, especially Peeters.

Raas crashed in the 1984 Milan–San Remo, injuring his back and internal organs and was never the same, although he took a stage in the 1984 Tour de France. He found the training and recovery hard and retired on 28 May 1985 after a criterium at Hansweert the preceding day.

Raas’ know-how made for a natural move into team management and he became sporting director of Kwantum team. Raas found sponsors when old ones pulled out and the team received backing from SuperConfex, Buckler, WordPerfect, Novell and finally Rabobank.

Raas and his wife Anja suffered an armed raid on their house in March 1994 and Raas decided he could no longer spend long periods away from home. He changed from sporting director to manager when Rabobank became the main sponsor in 1995. He spent eight years in this capacity until the end of 2003, the sponsor indicating that insoluble differences prompted Raas' departure.

Major results
Source:

 * 1972
 * 1st Stage 5 Olympia's Tour

 * 1973
 * 1st Ronde van Midden-Nederland

 * 1974
 * Olympia's Tour
 * 1st Stages 7a & 8
 * 2nd Ronde van Drenthe

 * 1975
 * 1st Grote Prijs Stad Zottegem
 * 5th Paris–Tours
 * 6th E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
 * 6th Tour of Flanders
 * 8th Omloop Het Volk

 * 1976
 * 1st MaillotHolanda.PNG Road race, National Road Championships
 * 1st Stage 4 Tour of Belgium
 * 2nd Amstel Gold Race
 * 2nd Tour du Haut Var
 * 4th Brabantse Pijl
 * 7th Paris–Roubaix
 * 9th Omloop Het Volk

 * 1977
 * 1st Milan–San Remo
 * 1st Amstel Gold Race
 * 1st Stage 6 Tour de France
 * 2nd Omloop Het Volk
 * 3rd Tour of Flanders
 * 4th Overall Tour Méditerranéen
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 5th Brabantse Pijl
 * 6th Paris–Roubaix
 * 7th E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
 * 8th Paris–Tours
 * 10th Gent–Wevelgem

 * 1978
 * 1st Amstel Gold Race
 * 1st Paris–Brussels
 * 1st Paris–Tours
 * Tour de France
 * 1st Prologue, Stages 1a & 21
 * 1st Stage 2 Ronde van Nederland
 * 1st Stage 3 Tour de Suisse
 * 1st Stage 4 Four Days of Dunkirk
 * 2nd E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
 * 3rd Paris–Roubaix
 * 3rd Omloop Het Volk
 * 4th Gent–Wevelgem

 * 1979
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg Road race, UCI Road World Championships
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Ronde van Nederland
 * 1st Prologue
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 1st Amstel Gold Race
 * 1st E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
 * 1st Tour of Flanders
 * 1st Stage 5 Tour de France
 * 1st Stage 3 Paris–Nice
 * 1st Stage 4 Deutschland Tour
 * 1st Stage 1b Tour of Belgium
 * Tour Méditerranéen
 * 1st Prologue & Stage 5a
 * 2nd Omloop Het Volk
 * 3rd Gent–Wevelgem
 * 3rd Paris–Tours
 * 5th Paris–Roubaix

 * 1980
 * Tour de France
 * 1st Stages 1a, 1b (TTT), 7b & 9
 * 1st Amstel Gold Race
 * 1st E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
 * 1st Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
 * 1st Stage 1b Paris–Nice
 * 1st Stage 3 Ronde van Nederland
 * 1st Stage 3 Tour of Belgium
 * Tour Méditerranéen
 * 1st Prologue (with Gerrie Knetemann), Stages 2 & 3b
 * 1st Stage 3 Étoile de Bessèges
 * Tour de Luxembourg
 * 1st Prologue & Stage 1
 * 1st Stage GP de Cannes
 * 1st Six Days of Rotterdam (track) (with René Pijnen)
 * 3rd Milan–San Remo
 * 3rd Tour of Flanders
 * 3rd Scheldeprijs Vlaanderen
 * 4th Omloop Het Volk
 * 6th Gent–Wevelgem

 * 1981
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Étoile de Bessèges
 * 1st Prologue, Stages 1 & 3
 * 1st E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
 * 1st Gent–Wevelgem
 * 1st Omloop Het Volk
 * 1st Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
 * 1st Stage 3b Tour Méditerranéen
 * 3rd Tour of Flanders
 * 5th Amstel Gold Race

 * 1982
 * 1st Amstel Gold Race
 * 1st Paris–Roubaix
 * 1st Dwars door België
 * 2nd Overall Ronde van Nederland
 * 1st Prologue
 * 1st Prologue Étoile de Bessèges
 * Tour de France
 * 1st Stages 6 & 9a (TTT)
 * 5th E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
 * 6th Omloop Het Volk

 * 1983
 * 1st MaillotHolanda.PNG Road race, National Road Championships
 * 1st Tour of Flanders
 * 1st Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
 * 1st Ronde van Midden-Zeeland
 * 1st Stage 1a Three Days of De Panne
 * 2nd Gent–Wevelgem
 * 2nd Omloop Het Volk
 * 3rd Milan–San Remo
 * 3rd Amstel Gold Race

 * 1984
 * 1st MaillotHolanda.PNG Road race, National Road Championships
 * 1st Stage 9 Tour de France

General classification results timeline
Source:

Classics results timeline
Source:

Major championship results timeline
Source:

Awards

 * Dutch Sportsman of the year: 1979

title: Jan Raas


text: User talk:129.8.168.55

title: User talk:129.8.168.55


text:
Varangian (disambiguation)

Varangian may refer to one of these:
 * Varangians, the term for Norse Vikings who were active in Eastern Europe
 * Member of the Varangian Guard
 * Russian term for Catholics in the 12th and 13th century
 * Russian term for Scandinavians until the second half of the 12th century
 * Russian name of the Baltic Sea up to the 18th century
 * The Varangian Way, the second full-length album from Viking metallers Turisas
 * Related to the Varanger Peninsula, Norway
 * Sturtian-Varangian, a glacial episode approximately 700 million years ago, named after Varanger

title: Varangian (disambiguation)


text:
Rabih Alameddine

Rabih Alameddine (ربيع علم الدين; born 1959) is an American painter and writer. His 2021 novel The Wrong End of the Telescope won the 2022 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction.

Early life
Alameddine was born in Amman, Jordan to Lebanese Druze parents (Alameddine himself is an atheist). He grew up in Kuwait and Lebanon, which he left at age 17 to live first in England and then in California. He earned a degree in engineering from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) and a Master of Business in San Francisco. Alameddine is gay.

Career
Alameddine began his career as an engineer, then moved to writing and painting. His debut novel Koolaids, which touched on both the AIDS epidemic in San Francisco and the Lebanese Civil War, was published in 1998 by Picador. The author of six novels and a collection of short stories, Alameddine was the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2002. He has lived in San Francisco and Beirut and currently teaches at the University of Virginia's creative writing program.

In 2014, Alameddine was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award and he won the California Book Awards Gold Medal Fiction for An Unnecessary Woman. Alameddine is best known for this novel, which tells the story of Aaliya, a Lebanese woman and translator living in war-torn Lebanon. The novel "manifests traumatic signposts of the [Lebanese] civil war, which make it indelibly situational, and accordingly latches onto complex psychological issues."

In 2017, Alameddine won the Arab American Book Award and the Lambda Literary Award for Gay Fiction for The Angel of History.

He was shortlisted for the 2021 Sunday Times Short Story Award for his story, "The July War".

The Wrong End of the Telescope won the 2022 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction.

Works

 * Koolaids: The Art of War (1998)
 * The Perv: Stories (1999)
 * I, the Divine: A Novel in First Chapters (2001)
 * The Hakawati (2008)
 * An Unnecessary Woman (2014)
 * The Angel of History: A Novel (2016)
 * The Wrong End of the Telescope (2021)

title: Rabih Alameddine


text:
1996 Australian Open

The 1996 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Melbourne Park in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 84th edition of the Australian Open and was held from 15 through 28 January 1996.

Men's singles
🇩🇪 Boris Becker defeated 🇺🇸 Michael Chang 6–2, 6–4, 2–6, 6–2
 * It was Becker's 6th and last career Grand Slam title and his 2nd Australian Open title.

Women's singles
🇺🇸 Monica Seles defeated 🇩🇪 Anke Huber 6–4, 6–1
 * It was Seles' 9th and last career Grand Slam title and her 4th Australian Open title.

Men's doubles
🇸🇪 Stefan Edberg / 🇨🇿 Petr Korda defeated 🇨🇦 Sébastien Lareau / 🇺🇸 Alex O'Brien 7–5, 7–5, 4–6, 6–1
 * It was Edberg's 9th and last career Grand Slam title and his 4th Australian Open title. It was Korda's 1st career Grand Slam title and his 1st Australian Open title.

Women's doubles
🇺🇸 Chanda Rubin / 🇪🇸 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated 🇺🇸 Lindsay Davenport / 🇺🇸 Mary Joe Fernández 7–5, 2–6, 6–4
 * It was Rubin's only career Grand Slam title. It was Sánchez Vicario's 12th career Grand Slam title and her 4th and last Australian Open title.

Mixed doubles
Larisa Neiland / 🇦🇺 Mark Woodforde defeated 🇺🇸 Nicole Arendt / 🇺🇸 Luke Jensen 4–6, 7–5, 6–0
 * It was Neiland's 6th and last career Grand Slam title and her 2nd Australian Open title. It was Woodforde's 11th career Grand Slam title and his 3rd Australian Open title.

Boys' singles
🇸🇪 Björn Rehnquist defeated 🇸🇪 Mathias Hellstrom 2–6, 6–2, 7–5

Girls' singles
🇵🇱 Magdalena Grzybowska defeated 🇫🇷 Nathalie Dechy 6–1, 4–6, 6–1

Boys' doubles
🇮🇹 Daniele Bracciali / 🇨🇦 Jocelyn Robichaud defeated 🇺🇸 Bob Bryan / 🇺🇸 Mike Bryan 3–6, 6–3, 6–3

Girls' doubles
🇨🇿 Michaela Paštiková / 🇨🇿 Jitka Schönfeldová defeated 🇧🇾 Olga Barabanschikova / Mirjana Lučić 6–1, 6–3

title: 1996 Australian Open


text:
Cullinet

Cullinet was a software company whose products included the database management system IDMS and the integrated software package Goldengate. In 1989, the company was bought by Computer Associates. Cullinet was headquartered at 400 Blue Hill Drive in Westwood, Massachusetts.

Early years
The company was started by John Cullinane and Larry English in 1968 as Cullinane Corporation. Their idea was to sell pre-packaged software to mainframe users, which was at that time a new concept in an era when enterprises only used internally developed applications or the software that came bundled with the hardware.

Rather than write its own products, Cullinane approached IT (information technology) departments (at that time called Data Processing departments) of major enterprises, particularly banks, to identify internally developed applications that he felt had potential to be productized and licensed to others. However, it proved difficult to sell these applications because most weren't generalized and supportable systems. As a result, the company decided to develop a source code management system, called PLUS, that competed with Pansophic's (Panvalet) and UCC's products (UCC-1 tape management system, etc.). The first version of PLUS (which stood for Program Library Update System) required the use of magnetic tape devices, and was not competitive with the other, disk-based products. Although the company eventually responded with a disk-based version, called PLUS-DA (which stood for Direct Access, a common name for disks at the time) they did not become successful in this market.

The first breakthrough product was a report writer named Culprit, developed in-house by Gil Curtis and Anna Marie Thron, who had built the PHI payroll system. The product competed with Mark IV from Informatics, Inc., but was perceived as a late entry in the report writer category.

The company struggled with financial stability until it branded a variation of Culprit, EDP Auditor, which was nothing more than a second name for the same product with a collection of predefined reports, but more importantly, special services aimed at the new discipline of EDP (electronic data processing) Auditing including the first EDP Auditors User, special support to give auditors independence of data processing which was very important to them. What was remarkable is that many corporations licensed essentially identical products. This led to serendipitous prosperity for Cullinane. As EDP auditors developed knowledge about business systems and computers, they could invariably produce reports faster than slower-moving, internal IT departments. As a result, MIS (management information systems) departments would feel compelled to buy the Culprit version for their own use — to compete.

1970s
As the company prospered in the early 1970s, it was approached by a consultant to BFGoodrich, Naomi O. Seligman, to consider taking over development of a Honeywell database management system called Integrated Data Store (IDS) that had been modified to operate on IBM and IBM compatible (RCA) mainframes. IDS was originally developed by General Electric, and Bill Curtis had supposedly gotten the rights to convert the system to run on IBM equipment. The decision was made in early 1973 — primarily by John Cullinane, Jim Baker and Tom Meurer — to bet the company on the effort. Several executives joined the effort over the next three years, including Andrew Filipowski, Robert Goldman, Jon Nackerud, Ron McKinney, William Casey, Bob Davis, Bill Linn, and Ray Nawara. IDMS was to be a great bet for the company as it became the leader among many capable and popular products of the mainframe era. It competed with Cincom's Total, Software AG's ADABAS, Applied Data Research's DATACOM/DB, Computer Corporation of America's Model 204, MRI (later Intel's) System 2000 and IBM Information Management System (IMS) and DL/I. In 1976, the source code was sold to International Computers Limited (ICL), whose developers ported the software to run on their 2900 Series mainframes, and subsequently also on the older 1900 machines. ICL continued development of the software independently of Cullinane, selling the originally ported product under the name IDMS and an enhanced version as IDMSX. In this form, it was used by many large UK and international users — examples being the Pay-As-You-Earn system operated by Inland Revenue and a system for Barclays Bank in South Africa. Many of these systems are still running in 2010 on Fujitsu equipment.

John Cullinane mentored a series of future entrepreneurs and software industry executives. One of the early executives was Andrew 'Flip' Filipowski, who later founded Platinum Technology, Inc.. Another was Robert Goldman who became the CEO of several public software companies including AICorp. Jon Nackerud was a co-founder of Relational Technology, Inc., formed to commercialize the Ingres database management system. Prior to becoming a public company in 1978, the company's name was changed to Cullinane Database Systems, Inc. The company changed its name again to Cullinet Software in 1983, partly because John Cullinane wanted to distance his name from the personal connection to the business when he turned the company over to Bob Goldman, and also in a nod to the importance of computer networking (as evidenced by the company's simultaneous acquisition of Computer Pictures, whose microcomputer-based desktop system linked to IDMS data). Joe McNay, a board member, was particularly important regarding the company's IPO, the first ever in the software products industry. Greylock purchased some shares from John Cullinane in 1977, less than a year before the company was to go public. It was to be the early foundation on which their Greylock's software technology investment prowess rested. It was Greylock’s first investment in a software company.

Cullinane's public offering was of note as it was the first successful offering of a pure software products company ever and the first software company Hambrecht & Quist ever took public. Cullinet was also the first software company to have a billion dollar valuation, and the first to do a Super Bowl advertisement. Cullinane Database Systems, Inc., went public in 1978. On April 27, 1982 the company became the first computer software firm to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange and later, the first to become a component stock of the S&P 500 Index. However, two quarters after the company went public IBM introduced its 4300 series. Its salesmen told all mutual clients that IDMS didn't run on the 4300 series and that all IBM software of the future would be built with IMS/DL1. This caused a major problem as every IDMS customer went ballistic and every prospect went on hold. The company only had three months to solve this marketing problem and technical problem, and remarkably, they did. Technically, it only required the modification of one instruction to get IDMS running on a 4300. The solution to the company's revenue problem turned out to be its new Integrated Data Dictionary. By moving very fast, the company used it to put IBM on the defensive and made its numbers, no small accomplishment. It then went from winning one out five competitions to winning four out five and this fueled its growth.

Beginning in 1979, in an attempt to promote less dependence on the database sales alone, Cullinane fully integrated financial and manufacturing applications with IDMS and decision support systems, another first. The company acquired financial applications from McCormack & Dodge ("M&D"), a financial software company (acquired by Dun & Bradstreet later in 1983) and completely rewrote them using IDMS. They also acquired an MRP system from Rath & Strong and completely rewrote it using IDMS. Thus, Cullinet had a suite of integrated financial and manufacturing systems (called CIMS Cullinet Integrated Manufacturing System), the first on-line database driven applications, and was a major competitor in what is now called ERP. The company had become a software powerhouse. Eventually, it acquired a small Boston-based company called Computer Pictures whose graphics-focused decision support system TrendSpotter had already been integrated with IDMS and was very successful. This team developed Goldengate, a Lotus Symphony-like PC product.

Goldengate was a part of Cullinet's flawed ICMS (Information Center Management System). The promise of ICMS was the ability to move data between the mainframe and PC desktop. Apple Computer was supposed to do the same for the Apple Lisa, but never delivered. ICMS was unveiled in 1983 as part of a splashy 20+ city closed circuit TV broadcast that focused on IDMS/R and fueled the market for Cullinet for the next two years, but it was obvious that it was getting harder to maintain its unbroken string of quarters with sales and earnings in excess of 50%.

The company should have developed PC based IDMS development tools, instead. Ironically, it had the technology under development which was later to become the foundation of PowerBuilder at Powersoft. In fairness, many failures mark the landscape in that space and era including the Ovation product introduced with great fanfare by Ovation Technologies in a race with Lotus's Symphony suite attempting to create the early office suites dominated by Microsoft Corp.

Goldengate was built pre-Windows, which was expensive for Cullinet because of all the permutations and combinations of PC hardware and memory configurations.

1980s
In 1983 John Cullinane, after 25 years in the software business, handed over the helm of Cullinet to Bob Goldman. Eventually the company ran into trouble and Cullinane brought in a recent acquaintance, David Chapman, as CEO of the company. At the time, Cullinet had $50 million in cash reserves. David Chapman, a veteran IBM and Data General executive, started an aggressive campaign to acquire technology from other companies. The reason for bringing in Chapman was that the company had gotten hung up on the open architecture and relational issues. In other words, a company with an unparalleled record of outpositioning competition every two years, for sixteen years, including IBM, allowed itself to get outpositioned by IBM and others, with the help of E.F. Codd and C.J. Date.

In 1986-87, Chapman attempted to move the company to the more and more powerful minicomputers such as Digital Equipment Corporation's VAX line of computers. In the process, Cullinet acquired some very questionable VAX companies, but one had an outstanding relational DBMS. By then it was too late — the company's $50 million of cash had been spent.

In 1988, John Cullinane returned to Cullinet, fired Chapman and tried to salvage the company. By repositioning the company's product line with a new product called Enterprise Generator, he solved the open architecture problem and the company was able to return to profitability by the fourth quarter, which made it possible to negotiate a deal with Charles Wang, head of Computer Associates.

In 1989, Wang bought the company for $330 million in stock. It was a good deal for investors, which was reflected in the fact that shares of CA increased in value at least tenfold during the 1990s. It was a good deal for John Cullinane, too.

Much later, CA Technologies (formerly CA, Inc. and Computer Associates International, Inc.) still marketed and supported the CA IDMS relational database system for IBM z/OS, z/VSE and z/VM, Fujitsu Siemens BS2000/OSD, Linux (CA IDMS Server), UNIX (CA IDMS Server) and Windows (CA IDMS Server).

Products

 * IDMS : A CODASYL network database management system first developed at B.F. Goodrich. John Cullinane acquired the rights to market IDMS in the early 1970s. IDMS legacy systems are still being run today. Only a few customers have migrated to IDMS/R.

 * IDMS/R: This was an evolution of IDMS in approximately 1984 involving the addition of relational features.

IDMS/SQL

 * This was a completely separate database engine developed in California by Dr. Kapali Eswaran who was originally from IBM's System R project. The company had also developed a 4GL for use with the database engine. The components were all named after planets. This product was designed to run on the Digital VAX system. Eswaron's company Esvel was acquired by Cullinet in July 1987 and its main product re-launched as IDMS/R. The 4GL was dropped in favour of one developed by a Cancor, a Canadian company based in Mississauga, Ontario which was acquired in January 1987.

 * IDMS-DC : A teleprocessing system similar to IBM's CICS system. When it was first released, it was reported that IBM challenged Cullinane to prove that the code had not violated copyright. This suspicion was due to the fact that many internal CICS codes begin with the initials "RH". Many IDMS-DC modules also begin with "RH" after it two authors, Nick Rini and Don Heitzmann, both employees of Cullinane.
 * ADS/Online : IDMS-DC help spawn a fourth generation (4GL) programming system called ADS/Online (Application Development System). The original name of the product was "AIDS". ADS/Online was a COBOL-like language and was successful because it competed against CICS, which tended to be used mainly by COBOL programmers. ADS/O was later ported to run directly in CICS and was adopted by nearly 1,500 companies.
 * ADS/Batch : A port of ADS/Online to the batch mainframe environment. It was not well received by Cullinet's customers.

title: Cullinet


text:
Robert Dundas of Arniston

Robert Dundas of Arniston (6 June 1758 – 17 June 1819) was a Scottish judge.

Dundas served as Solicitor General for Scotland between 1784 and 1789 and as Lord Advocate from 1789 to 1801. He sat as Member of Parliament for Edinburghshire from 1790 to 1801, and was Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Scotland from 1801 until his death in 1819.

Life
Robert was born 6 June 1758 at Arniston House south of Edinburgh. He was the eldest son of Robert Dundas of Arniston, the younger and his second wife, Jean, daughter of William Grant, Lord Prestongrange. Around 1766 the family took additional accommodation at Adam's Court in Edinburgh. He was educated at the high school and the University of Edinburgh, and was admitted advocate in 1779.

With the help of his uncle Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville he succeeded Alexander Wight as Solicitor General for Scotland in 1784 and became lord advocate in 1789. At this time he was living at Adam Square near Greyfriars Kirk.

From 1790 to 1801 he was MP for Edinburghshire.

In June 1792 he was the cause and focus of the Dundas Riots, starting at his home in George Square. Following the riots he made it a personal aim to prosecute and effectively destroy the Edinburgh lawyer, Thomas Muir of Huntershill, who he saw as responsible for most of the seditious mischief.

He appeared for the crown in the great prosecutions for sedition at Edinburgh in 1793. In 1796 he was elected Dean of the Faculty of Advocates.

He was joint-clerk and keeper of the general registers for seisins and other writs in Scotland from 1799 until on 1 June 1801 he was appointed chief baron of the exchequer in Scotland, but in 1801 and 1811 he turned down offers of the lord presidency.

He died at his townhouse, 57 George Square, Edinburgh on 17 June 1819.

Family
Part of a Scottish legal and political dynasty, Dundas was the son of Robert Dundas, of Arniston, the younger. His great-great-grandfather James Dundas, Lord Arniston (died 1679) and great-grandfather Robert Dundas, Lord Arniston had been MPs and judges, as were his grandfather Robert Dundas, of Arniston, the elder and his father Robert Dundas, of Arniston, the younger.

In May 1787 Robert Dundas married his first cousin, Elizabeth Dundas, daughter of his uncle Henry Dundas. Together they had two daughters and three sons. Elizabeth died 18 March 1852. His heir, Robert, who lived at 69 Queen Street in Edinburgh, died in 1838. Henry, the second son, was vice-admiral in the navy, and died 11 September 1863. His daughter married John Borthwick of Crookston FRSE (1787–1845).

title: Robert Dundas of Arniston


text:
Varanger

Varanger may refer to:
 * Varanger Peninsula of Norway
 * Cryogenian (also called Varanger glaciation)

title: Varanger


text:
Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava

Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU) (Slovenská technická univerzita v Bratislave) is the biggest and oldest university of technology in Slovakia. In the 2012 Academic Ranking of World Universities it was ranked in the first 150 in Computer Science, the only university in central Europe in the first 200. However, it lost this position in the two following years.

University structure

 * Faculty of Civil Engineering
 * Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 * Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology
 * Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
 * Faculty of Architecture and Design
 * Faculty of Materials Science and Technology (in Trnava)
 * Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies
 * Institute of Management
 * Institute of Engineering Studies

European Alliance for Innovation
The Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the European Alliance for Innovation on 3 May 2013. The signators were the president of the European Alliance for Innovation, professor Imrich Chlamtac and the rector of the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Robert Redhammer.

The purpose of this cooperation is to help innovation made in the STU to reach the market, as well as create a base of operations for EAI in Central Europe.


text: User talk:216.9.69.30

title: User talk:216.9.69.30


text:
Kareika

Kareika (Καρέικα, also: Καράιικα - Karaiika) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Movri, Achaea, Greece. The community consists of the villages Kareika, Gomosto, Karamesineika and Rachi. It is located north of the Movri hills, 3 km east of Sageika, 6 km southwest of Kato Achaia and 25 km southwest of Patras. The Greek National Road 9/E55 (Patras - Pyrgos) passes through the community.

Population
The population in 2021 by village:
 * Kareika, pop. 147
 * Gomosto, pop. 227
 * Karamesineika, pop. 151
 * Rachi, pop. 136

title: Kareika


text:
User:Étienne~enwiki

Please refer to my user page on the French-language Wikipedia.

title: User:Étienne~enwiki


text:
Talk:Best Bakery case

Untitled
Nine of the 17 people charged with torching the Best Bakery in Vadodara during the post-Godhra riots killing 14 people were today convicted and awarded life imprisonment by a sessions court here.

Eight other accused in the case were acquitted by Judge, Abhay Thipsay, who conducted the retrial in the Best Bakery carnage on Supreme Court orders.

The court issued show cause notices to all the witnesses, including Zaheera Shaikh, who had turned hostile asking them to show cause why they should not be prosecuted for perjury. The notices are made returnable on March 20.

Merger from Abhay Thipse
Abhay Thipse was the judge in this case. So far as I know, that is the extent of his notability. As such, his article should be merged here. Wikipedia guidelines at People notable only for one event suggest merger. Any reason why not? --Bejnar (talk) 20:04, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Move
Because much of the content was unsourced, I have moved it here. Anyone who can reference the content is welcome to do so. Note that the links provided may not be reliable, especially since there are living people involved.Bless sins (talk) 19:46, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Media glare
 * The case came into prominence after all the 21 accused were initially acquitted on June 27, 2003 by a "fast-track court" for lack of evidence after 37 out of the 73 witnesses, including key witness Zaheera Sheikh turned hostile. The judgement said "It was proved beyond doubt that a violent mob had attacked the bakery and killed 12 persons. However, there was no legally acceptable evidence to prove that any of the accused presented before the court had committed the crime." The judgement was critical of the police for delay in registering FIR and for not investigating the incident properly and harassing innocent people. It was reported that key witnesses in the case had lied in court out of fear for their lives as they had been given death threats. Key witnesses in the case include the wife and daughter of the bakery owner. According to their testimony to the police and the National Human Rights Commission, 500 people armed with petrol bombs had attacked the bakery. They also accused Bharatiya Janata Party and other party politicians of threatening and harassing them into withdrawing their testimony. The website of Citizens for Justice and Peace (CJP) has details of the case proceedings with a timeline.

 * Reaction from the Gujarat government

 * The Gujarat government filed an amended appeal in the Gujarat High Court seeking retrial of the case. The appeal was admitted by the Gujarat High Court. After being indicted by the Supreme Court of India, the police registered a case against Bharatiya Janata Party legislator for intimidating the witnesses of the incident. The Government of Gujarat admitted there were lapses on the part of the police in registering and recording the FIR in the case and on the part of the prosecution in recording the evidence of witnesses. It said the police had attempted to help the accused by not submitting names of the accused.

 * Zaheera Sheikh retracted her statement again. She stated that the judgment passed by the Gujarat court was correct. She also stated that she had never met the above mentioned legislator.  She claims that she made all the statements under the pressure of NGO activist Teesta Setalvad.

 * Zaheera's flipflops

 * The prosecution declared Zaheera Sheikh to be a hostile witness. She became the 7th witness to turn hostile in the case after her mother, sister, brothers and another two witnesses. During examination, she said that her maternal uncle Quaser was not present in the bakery when it was set on fire going against the statement she had given to the police earlier. She even claimed that she had signed the FIR without knowing its contents. A tape by Tehelka claimed that Zaheera had been bribed by a BJP MLA. Zaheera was ousted from the Muslim community on the grounds that she was lying constantly. This decision was with consent from the All India Muslim Personal Law Board.

 * Zaheera Sheikh testified to Nanavati Commission, accusing Teesta Setalvad of keeping Zaheera in confinement and provoking her to name innocent persons as accused in the case.

 * The Mumbai retrial found nine of the defendants guilty and sentenced them to life imprisonment, while another eight were acquitted. The court also issued show-cause orders to Zaheera Sheikh and other witnesses who recanted their testimony to show why they should not be prosecuted for perjury. A court ordered Zahira to undergo her one-year prison term for lying under oath in a Mumbai prison.

 * Please also this, where I'm writing a sourced version.Bless sins (talk) 20:02, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

Reputation of sources in the Best Bakery case
Hi, is there a way to point out that the references considered as reliable such as these 3. ^ a b c d Best Bakery: Why it is so important (http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/feb/24best.htm) 4. ^ Best Bakery case file. Tehelka (http://www.tehelka.com/story_main10.asp?filename=ts010105best_bakery_case.asp) 6. ^ a b c India: Best Bakery case - concerns for justice. AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL PRESS RELEASE (http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/fd0f8b70-a452-11dc-bac9-0158df32ab50/asa200182003en.html) 10. ^ Majumder, Sanjoy. "Gujarat and the judges' anger," 12 September, 2003. BBC news (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3104280.stm) 11. ^ Citizens for Justice and Peace (CJP) (http://www.sabrang.com/cjp/best/factfile.htm) 13. ^ Masjlis-e-Shura declares Zaheera an outcast (http://in.rediff.com/news/2004/dec/24best.htm) 14. ^ Pandey, Geeta.'Best Bakery perjurer' surrenders. BBC News (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4784776.stm) when it is becoming clearer that entire case could have been little more than anti-BJP Govt propaganda where witnesses were coerced and paid off, resulting in enormous waste of public expenditure, waste of time of law and police officials, conviction of innocents and not to mention the brazen anti BJP propaganda, all this going on for nine years while the officials were criticized for no fault of their own. These reliable sources(sources not the websites) in 9 years have no time to find out what even uneducated poor misdirected witnesses who were coerced are now disclosing, and perhaps take another decade to mention the current situation! So how do you point this all out or we just keep on avoiding to consider this and keep mentioning these sources as reliable?Thisthat2011 (talk) 07:46, 22 April 2011 (UTC)
 * that is a valid question. I think these references can be used to narrate certain observations but may not be used as absolute WP:NPOV. - what is your opinion since you are aware of WP:RS requirements? --Sdmarathe (talk) 06:34, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, the concern is genuine but we need to check it against the article now as this section is quite old. First we need to identify the pov and find suitable content change that can be done or if another reference has more information since then (or even otherwise). --AmritasyaPutra T 07:46, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree - unreliable citations are always an issue, especially in such cases. However, I think we should present both sides of the case in order to keep the neutral tone of the article (though this becomes difficult when cases related to the killings of innocent people are concerned).

 * I think there are 2 ways to resolve this -
 * 1) Reword all statements that appear to sound polemic "example: "...the SIT could not find one shred of evidence..." / "the SIT completely absolved Modi of any guilt..." etc. Rather than elete such statements, it is better to write them in a neutral manner that presents facts. Also peacock words need to go - I have started this, and would appreciate help in the same.

 * 2) The references you have mentioned all seem ok. To me, Sabrang and the Hindu seem most reliable, and now, The Wire and similar unbiased media. BBC and rediff are ok. Any blogs are unreliable and should not be included (unless they are blogs of eminent people like Teesta Setalvad). Ditto for mirror news sites that just publish what they have been paid for.Notthebestusername (talk) 07:10, 4 July 2017 (UTC)

Category:Hindu terrorism
the category has been added saying "How come one say that Rioting is Not a form of terror?" in the edit summary. I do not see the article make a connection to "terrorism" and the event is not discussed in journals as "Terrorism". It isn't a categorical descriptor of the event. What is your view? --AmritasyaPutra T 01:46, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree AmritasyaPutra. I am not sure why this user Irshadpp is basically using HotCat and adding this category to a lot of articles without specific WP:RS. This was added very recently using Hotcat - and I disagree adding this category like that. That user has not even participated in previous Talk regarding this categorizations when asked for his/her input. --Sdmarathe (talk) 06:25, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Since this is not currently a normally used phrase, I would rather write this as "..... XXX termed this as a form of terrorism" - with the citation. Also, I am not sure if internal strife and communal riots sponsored by large political parties is usually termed as terrorism (Do we term similar pogroms by the Nazis from 1931 to 1945 as terrorism?). Just some food for thought... Notthebestusername (talk) 09:29, 4 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 one external links on Best Bakery case. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Edits of July 2017 and need to format citations
I was watching Teesta Setalvad's talk at the Press club and have made edits based on information given by her, corroborated by other sources.

However, many citations that have been palced from earlier need to be reformatted - for example here. can someone please help reformat them properly?

Thank you Notthebestusername (talk) 07:04, 4 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Best Bakery case


text:
Tom Normanton

Sir Tom Normanton (12 March 1917 – 6 August 1997) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.

Early life and Summary
He was educated at Malsis School in North Yorkshire from 1929 to 1931 and then attended Manchester Grammar School and Manchester University. He joined the family textile business and served in the army in the Second World War, reaching the rank of Major. His obituary stated that he was an improbable combination of the flamboyant, the phlegmatic and the industrious. He was an industrialist of some distinction, above all in the textile industry. He exhibited intense patriotism together with European idealism. He was invited back to Malsis School to present the prizes at Open Day in 1979, but Richard Francis took his place.

Political career
Normanton contested Rochdale in the 1959 United Kingdom general election and 1964 general elections, but came third each time. He was elected at the 1970 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Cheadle, and stood down at the 1987 general election, when he was succeeded by Stephen Day. He was knighted in 1987.

From 1973 to 1979 he was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP), in the period before the European Parliament was directly elected. He was then elected at the 1979 European Parliament election as the MEP for Cheshire East. He was re-elected in 1984, and served as an MEP until his defeat in 1989.

title: Tom Normanton


text:
1998 Australian Open

The 1998 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Melbourne Park in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 86th edition of the Australian Open and was held from 19 January through 1 February 1998.

Men's singles
🇨🇿 Petr Korda defeated Marcelo Ríos 6–2, 6–2, 6–2
 * It was Korda's only Grand Slam title.

Women's singles
Martina Hingis defeated 🇪🇸 Conchita Martínez 6–3, 6–3
 * It was Hingis' 4th career Grand Slam title and her 2nd Australian Open title.

Men's doubles
🇸🇪 Jonas Björkman / Jacco Eltingh defeated 🇦🇺 Todd Woodbridge / 🇦🇺 Mark Woodforde 6–2, 5–7, 2–6, 6–4, 6–3
 * It was Björkman's 1st career Grand Slam title and his 1st Australian Open title. It was Eltingh's 4th career Grand Slam title and his 2nd and last Australian Open title.

Women's doubles
Martina Hingis / Mirjana Lučić defeated 🇺🇸 Lindsay Davenport / 🇧🇾 Natasha Zvereva 6–4, 2–6, 6–3
 * It was Hingis' 7th career Grand Slam title and her 4th Australian Open title. It was Lučić's only career Grand Slam title.

Mixed doubles
🇺🇸 Venus Williams / 🇺🇸 Justin Gimelstob defeated 🇨🇿 Helena Suková / 🇨🇿 Cyril Suk 6–2, 6–1
 * It was Williams' 1st career Grand Slam title and her 1st Australian Open title. It was Gimelstob's 1st career Grand Slam title and his only Australian Open title.

Boys' singles
🇫🇷 Julien Jeanpierre defeated 🇸🇪 Andreas Vinciguerra 4–6, 6–4, 6–3

Girls' singles
Jelena Kostanić defeated Wynne Prakusya 6–0, 7–5

Boys' doubles
🇫🇷 Jérôme Haehnel / 🇫🇷 Julien Jeanpierre defeated Mirko Pehar /  Lovro Zovko 6–3, 6–3

Girls' doubles
🇦🇺 Evie Dominikovic / 🇦🇺 Alicia Molik defeated 🇳🇿 Leanne Baker / 🇳🇿 Rewa Hudson 6–3, 3–6, 6–2

title: 1998 Australian Open


text:
User:Adalger

Hi. My usual netnick is Adalger. If you've seen that nick anywhere else, it's probably me. If you care a whole lot about who I am, you can get more info from my website.

title: User:Adalger


text:
User:TNLNYC

For general info about me, see Tristan_Louis.

From a Wikipedia standpoint, I tend to focus on subjects I know well. This is why you'll often find me doing edits on more technical/internet types of subjects, French-related ones and a few art-related ones. I try to add info where I have it or correct it but I cannot be considered anything more than a casual user and I wish I could devote more time to it (yes, I'm kicking myself for it)

title: User:TNLNYC


text:
Talk:Beaver Meadows, Pennsylvania

Speed Trap
Speaking as a life long local who knows the town, it is notorious for its strictly enforced speed traps targeting Hazleton commuters. Has been for decades. I'm sure there are plenty of public domain news articles that attest to it. Doyna Yar (talk) 20:42, 16 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Beaver Meadows, Pennsylvania


text: User talk:80.141.183.235

title: User talk:80.141.183.235


text: User talk:80.141.235.94

title: User talk:80.141.235.94


text:
User talk:Mailer diablo/Archive C

RE: Social responsibility on wikipedia and wikitionary
Hi

The Wikipedia:Social responsibility was wikified so I submitted a new article to wikitionary. I just get a message from Uncle G that I should contact you above taking away the protection of SR on wikipedia since the protected/deleted article is in the way of the order, or was the other way around?

I made an attempt to beef up the article on social responsibility since I thought the general term was wikified while the special case of corporate social responsibility had a well written article.

Is there a way of wikipedify my article on wikitionary? Or how do one proceed? Yours, //BedrupsBaneman

 * Follow up by Bedrupsbaneman - Talk:Social responsibility

My adminship
Hi Mailer diablo, Thank you so much for your support in my nomination. I look forward to helping out. Also, congratulations on your own adminship! I've been following your footsteps across various talk pages. ;) Cheers,   BanyanTree 04:31, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Template
Hi friend! How do you create a navigational or information template? Allagappan.gnu 11:13, Apr 5, 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
Thank you for supporting my adminship — I vow to use my super powers for good not evil. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:23, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Images and media for deletion

 * I am contacting people who previously helped to vote to delete a generally objectionable photograph by a vote of 88 to 21, and who might be unaware that immediately after that image was voted to be deleted someone posted another which was very similar in content. My objections to this, and the previous image that was voted to be deleted might be based upon reasons far different from any that you have, but I do object to it, and consider the posting of such images to be acts of asinine stupidity, which burdens the project and its major educational aims in ways that they should not be burdened, and can be extremely detrimental to the acceptance and growth of WIkipedia's use and influence. Thus far those who I believe to be in the extreme minority of Wikipedians who would like to include these images, many who have been channeled to the voting page from the article with which it is associated have dominated the voting, 23 to 12 (as of the time that I composed this message). I would like to be somewhat instrumental in shedding a bit more light upon the issue, and if possible, helping to turn the tide against its inclusion. It might also be necessary to begin making an effort to establish an explicit Wikipedia policy against explicit photographic depictions of humans engaged in erotic, auto-erotic, or quasi-erotic activities. To my limited knowledge such images have not been accepted as appropriate anywhere else within this project, and frankly I can agree with those who are casually labeled prudes for opposing their inclusion, that they should not be. Vitally important information that might be unwelcome by some is one thing that should never be deleted, but un-needed images that can eventually prevent or impede many thousands or millions of people from gaining access to the great mass of truly important information that Wikipedia provides is quite another matter. There are vitally important distinctions to be made. Whatever your reasons, or final decisions upon the matter, I am appealing for more input on the voting that is occurring at Wikipedia:Images_and_media_for_deletion. ~ Achilles † 04:31, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

More questions
If someone blanks some pages and you list them on the Vandalism in progress page, and then they stop, do you take the listing out, or just leave it to be archived? Also, do anonymous users see the "You have new messages" banner when someone posts to their talk page? Thanks again for the help. Jobarts-Talk 06:32, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)

Thankyou
Just wanted to extend my gratitude for reverting my userpage so promptly when it was vandalized. --Halidecyphon 16:47, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for telling me how to sign discussions... Dan3k5 21:31, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Requested deletion
Would you be able to delete the small page history of GuitarFreaks so I can properly move Guitar Freaks back to that title? I already tried Requested moves and nothing came out of it (nobody voted). You can see the reasons for moving on Talk:Guitar Freaks. Thanks. --Poiuyt Man (talk)  16:13, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I need your help
Hello Mailer diablo. A request for arbitration has been filed against me at WP:RFAr by Snowspinner as the AMA advocate for jguk. What do you think I can do? — Instantnood 20:53, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks Mailer. By the way if you have any comment or opinion feel free to contact me at my talk page, or the kind and helpful advocates who are helping me with the arbitration, Wally and Wgfinley. Thanks. :-D

Frensham school
You closed the vfd discussion for Frensham school but did not link to it on the talk page. Would you please correct this when you have time? School Inclusionist 00:49, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Gold Airways
www.goldairways.com.au

Dake-bonoism
I don't understand your conclusion that the result of the vote at Votes for deletion/Dake-bonoism was "no consensus". Rough consensus to delete usually means that twice as many people vote to delete as to keep. I count 6 clear votes to delete, plus 1 more (Asriel86) who voted to delete if the article wasn't revised to indicate that the "religion" is a hoax, and the article wasn't revised in that way. Therefore it's safe to say there are 7 delete votes. There were only 3 keep votes, one of which was from a user (Stevejohnsenson) whose only contributions were to the Dake-bonoism talk page at the time of voting, i.e. not an established Wikipedian. Doesn't 7-2 look like rough consensus to delete to you? --Angr/comhrá 15:41, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I wish I had noticed it up at VfD, I certainly would have voted to delete. But it's too late now. --Angr/comhrá 18:35, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Please delete the redirect page Dake-bonoist as well. Thanks! --Angr/comhrá 18:35, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The proposed airline is a public company with a aeronautical reference number so why are we deleting it?

My adminship: thanks!
Hi Mailer diablo. Thanks very much for your vote for my RfA. I promise to be prudent, wise, sagacious and totally unilateral in all my admin affairs. I should say that I am very pleased at the number of people who supported me – it's very nice to know I'm making a positive impact. Cheers again, Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 21:16, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Deleting Images
How can I delete a image which has been added by me. Actually when I was relatively new to wikipedia I added some images, that probably do not come under fair use. The reason being that at that time I was not very clear abt the fair use thing. Though for many of the images I have replaced them by their corresponding fair use images but for some of them I have not been able to find a suitable replacement. I would be grateful if u could suggest a possible solution. TIA Gaurav1146 17:50, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi Mailer diablo, Thanx for your suggestion. Following are the images for which I have replaced the old image by a new one, but the earlier one also exists. So, kindly delete the old version.[[Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg -->|40px]][[Image:Amisha.jpg|40px]][[Image:Anabeatrizbarros.jpg|40px]][[Image:Danielapestova.jpg|40px]]There are some more images for which I have not been able to find a suitable replacement. I would mark them for deletion. Bye Gaurav1146 06:49, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Teresa Teng and category:Cantopop
Hello Mailer diablo. Would you be interested to join the discussion on whether the article on Teng should be categorised under category:Cantopop, and perhaps, to mediate? Thanks in advance. — Instantnood 15:53, May 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * And would be nice too if you can help at talk:Nanyang %28geographical region%29 and user talk:Huaiwei. :-D — Instantnood 16:19, May 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you. — Instantnood 23:49, May 10, 2005 (UTC)

User page vandalism
Have a look at what this guy is up to... EliasAlucard|Talk 10:50, 5 May, 2005 (UTC)
 * Shouldn't he be banned though? I mean, I could've reverted myself, but it's pretty much clear what his nick implies. Thanks.
 * EliasAlucard|Talk 05:04, 6 May, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks a lot man. Appreciated.
 * EliasAlucard|Talk 14:39, 6 May, 2005 (UTC)

Attribution of article
Hi,

I was wondering if I could enlist your help in "re-attributing" the following edits to my user name (was logged out of my session):

 * 17:49, 6 May 2005 in Changi Naval Base under IP 202.7.190.130
 * 17:28, 6 May 2005 in Republic of Singapore Navy under IP 202.7.190.130

Appreciate your help! You can take this off your page, just didn't know of any other way to get to you.

-Travisyoung 17:58, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey no worries, I checked out Changing attribution for an edit and it was stated that the service is no longer provided, so no problem. Thanks for your help!

 * -Travisyoung 01:11, 8 May 2005 (UTC)

I see that you are back!
Interesting things happen when you are away, and as we speak, I have just started on the Singapore portal. :D--Huaiwei 17:10, 7 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Your userpage is on my watchlist, so I cant help noticing. :D Geez....upset over recent revelopments here? Do voice your opinions as soon as you can before the decay sets in. Nonetheless, I am quite happy that some recent newbies in our midst has managed to create quite well writtern articles, such as Chewing gum ban in Singapore.--Huaiwei 17:21, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

Current events in Malaysia and Singapore?
What do you think of collaborating on a project on that, or do you think there is scope for one only on Singapore news?--Huaiwei 17:55, 7 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Sir...a small reminder on the above! :D--Huaiwei 15:00, 13 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh I did post a message there before, but no replies. :D I did post a msg in Johnleemk's talk page, but his reply to me sounds like he misunderstood what I was asking for. ;) --Huaiwei 05:39, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

Cerberus
I fear that the Cerberus article might experience another revert war. Could you please have a look at the latest article history and the talk page for more information about this? Also, it would be nice if you could protect the article until the disputes have been resolved. Thanks. EliasAlucard|Talk 20:41, 7 May, 2005 (UTC)
 * Wouldn't it be better if you protected it until we've resolved the issue?
 * EliasAlucard|Talk 21:10, 7 May, 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem, I will. Thanks for protecting it so we can resolve it. Last time I experienced a crazy revert war, it was on the Cat article that has been protected for weeks now. I just don't want that to happen here as well. So I'll try to resolve it now with DreamGuy and call in other people on the subject. Thanks again!
 * EliasAlucard|Talk 21:21, 7 May, 2005 (UTC)

This article really should not have been protected based upon EliasAlucard's complaint here. He complains about Cat being locked forever, and he's part of the reason -- because he kept insisting upon putting his own extremely poor quality Manx cat photos in there and consistently put them back after a number of editors removed them. HE makes no attempt to compromise, only blindly reverting and saying his way is best without any attempt at following consensus. If Cerberus is now locked until I can agree with him, then it's likely to be permanently locked, based upon his actions in the Cat article... And it's really rather poor form for you to go lock it after he reverted it again because if he had reverted it again he would have violated the Three revert rule... now he doesn't have to face disciplinary action for his POV warring because his way was locked. DreamGuy 21:47, May 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, I wasn't part of the Cat revert war. That was about some "smiling cat," and I wasn't part of that. But that's another issue and completely beside the point. Either way, we shouldn't bother Mailer Diablo with this, and find other people for consensus.
 * EliasAlucard|Talk 00:09, 8 May, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the welcome
Hi there! I just noticed you on my talk page and wanted to say thanks. I'm just working on minor contributions right now, but I'll work my way up to full articles in time. I hope to get along well with my fellow wikipedians and enjoy contributing. JEther 18:57, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Hello
Greetings, Mailer. Thank you for your message. I must say that in all my dealings on Wikipedia, I have adopted a civil and open mind, and I have never said anything bad against any fellow users. I am therefore compelled to inquire as to what gave you the opinion that I am cold and harsh towards Singaporeans. I have no racial nor religious prejudices. Neither do I have any issues with them, excepting the Nanyang debate which I finished the other week on good terms with the other user (User:Huaiwei). Please reply ASAP so that we may clarify this. Thank you! JMBell° 14:44, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your reply, too. I guess I have to clear up a few things. One is that I'm not upset with Tan's English. I know and understand that not everybody can speak perfect English (not even I can), and I have no problem with that. Most people get their grammar wrong, even my fellow countrymen do (listen to Bush), and I also have no problem with that. The world would be a boring place if everyone had perfect grammar. I myself do not think in terms of grammar, meaning I don't think that I'm more important than others just because my grammar and vocabulary is "superior." It's just my job to fix up grammar errors and the like here on Wikipedia.

 * The second thing is that the reason I'm upset with Tan is because he's too proud to accept that other people can have better grammar than him - and he believes this only due to a small incidence with brackets. He knows that his mastery of English is substandard, but he still reverts perfectly good edits that I/we do because he's "cleaning up." He doesn't recognize the use of some words (e.g. "isle" -> "island"), doesn't accept brackets in a circumstance where it's perfectly all right to, and believes our English is much worse than his. No offence meant here, but I'm a writer, and I guess I'm supposed to know what good grammar looks like. We have repeatedly tried to tell him that he should let us edit his grammar or at least he should improve it a bit, but no, no, no, he'll have none of it. Moreover, he blames us for vandalizing "his" articles, depriving him of editing freedom, and other stuff that I don't even know where he got them from. He added a copyedit template onto the Zanskar article, but it didn't even need to be edited! And it wasn't facts he was talking about, it was styling, styling of the article, he wanted it like Sikkim and I don't even know why. Zanskar looked good already. Anyway, after that, we put up an RfC to enlighten him a little - not to humiliate him, but to let him accept our edits with good humor. But Tan posted accusatory messages on our talk pages, ordered us to do things (e.g. Pass this on to Moumine; I want you to hold a discussion....), which prompted me to conclude that either 1)his grammar is very poor or that 2) he is really very rude, boorish, etc. Note, however, that I was not accusing him or confronting him or anything - this was merely a hypothesis which came from my logical side. The "or that" says it all. It's not the same as "and that," which could give the impression that I'm attacking him verbally. Now Tan has gone to Jimbo Wales and posted his one-sided view of things there, in which I, Mel, and Moumine are ganging up on him and reverting each and every edit that he does (this is not true - see my response to him at Tan's talkpage). I posted our side of the argument to balance things a bit, but it seems he has alreaddy reached some people, including you. Please do not consider this a matter of racial or lingual discrimination. I am only trying to reach out to Mr Tan and tell him that we mean no harm and are only trying to help him out. I don't know what to do anymore. He refuses to listen to us and accept our help. Our only option is to use the RfC.

 * Could you place a neutral opinion on the RfC (Requests for comment/Mr Tan) and help out a bit, now that you've heard our side? He might listen to you, since you're another Singaporean.

 * Hope this clears up any misunderstandings. Best regards! Hoping to hear from you soon.... : ) JMBell° 17:53, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Your message
What did you have in mind? You can't mean (!); I don't really know the national origins of most of the people I have dealings with (I didn't know that you were Singaporean, in fact), so I'm not really sure who you're talking about I'm afraid. Itry, though, to be fair and courteous with everyone with whom I deal, though that inevitably slips a little if they're not fair and courteous towards me... Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:04, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * So far from thinking Singaporean English bad, I've said on a number of occasions that Mr Tan's claim that his English wasn't poor but only Asian was nonsense (incidentally, I understood that he's not Singaporean, only living in Singapore at the moment). That he's been treated harshly I dispute; he has behaved very badly (and is still doing so), trying to take control of articles, insulting other editors for their poor English (which in every case was better than his), ordering editors around, adding inappropriate templates to articles in order to make a point, etc.  The RfC bears me out, I think.

 * Incidentally, Mr Tan has had confrontations with Singaporean and other Asian editors, as well as with me and other editors. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:29, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Tan
Hi, Mr Tan here.

I have been fond of your character since I first saw your user page a few months ago.

I am a Singaporean, yes, but I have some rights to claim Malaysian citizenship (I cannot tell you why). I understand that you are a Malaysian, studying in Singapore, perhaps a Singapore PR.

If you realise, the group with Mel Etitis have inappropriate use of English, especially with the case of brackets. In fact, they are indeed harsh for one should not think the edits are bad. Most of my work, however, could not be completed because of their frequent and annoying interferences. If you have a good sense of prediction, any article under major edit would look bad. They must have reverted for they think it is bad, but I have not yet completed my work in the first place! This especially applies to Zanskar. The problem lies in the fact that we have very different POVs.

Secondly, they are very stubborn and ruthless. If you are curious to know why I said that, go and see Goh Chok Tong. While Mel Etitis have been constantly stalking down on my contributions and indulging in my affairs, most of which are bad. For example, the old syntax template in Goh Chok Tong is not valid, they have unanimously reverted after I have put up the new template format from Tony Blair.

Last, but not least, youy should have realised that I have put up the /temp message in Wee Kim Wee. Whilst User:Nichalp stated that this is applicable to the articles that needs Major edits, particularly in the case where a lot of content will be added, this is what exactly it is supposed to apply, and you can see Maharashtra and Maharashtra/temp to see what I mean.

Keep a lookout on these articles that I have stated above for these few days. Also, please ractify the error in Woodlands, Singapore. The article seems to be much reduced in size after somebody added a template concerning about the MPs.

Tan 14:19, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, your POV is way, way off, Mr Tan. Just look at the outside views in your RfC. JMBell° 11:21, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Mailer, I wrote you a short note up there (under Hello). Could you give an opinion at the RfC? It's at Requests for comment/Mr Tan. I'd suggest you review our edit histories first before you make your statement, but I guess you know that anyway, so anyway, yeah. Thanks. :) JMBell° 12:10, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

My response to your most enlightening observation is at User_talk:Hoary. Be so kind as to finish what you have started. Thanks. JMBell° 19:35, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
I am grateful to your welcoming message. Thank you. Larus.r 11:14, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

Vicefield
When closing votes fo deletion, please do not forget to click at "What links here" of the article you are going to delete and see if these links are to be deleted as well. I could have done this for "vicefield" myself, but I think if you do it yourself, you'll see better what I mean. Thank you for wasting your time fighting idiots and vandals. Mikkalai 04:18, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Trindade and Martim Vaz
Hi, thanks for your comments. I'm learnig. Greetings, Ratzer Ratzer 19:52, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

thnx for comments. I shall remember the ~'s Ole Dahl Rasmussen 07:55, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

hiya
hi, thanks for the comments to me as well.

it was your bdae sometimes back on the 21st may? happy bdae!Sghan 10:13, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

Be timid!
Be timid! -- a shocking new twist, maybe (he mutters, rather timidly). -- Hoary 11:10, 2005 May 25 (UTC)

New user asking for help
Hey Mailer. You welcomed me to Wikipedia, so I thought you might be someone I could appeal to for aid. Due to my ignorance and general newbieness, I thought my talk page was the place for user information -- and now I discover that I can't erase my posting to correct my error. I doubt the page will get much traffic anyway, but it's kind of embarassing. Help!

NoahB 19:45, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

Re : Birthday
Many unlucky things happened to me recently

I was recently hospitalised for dengue fever

The dengue fever forced me to be unable to go to China(immersion programme) with my school. I had yearned so much to go onto this trip. You cant imagine how sad I am. Yes I am still very very depressed right now

My school work....I cant seem to catch up!!!!!!

The most recent blow is my chem teacher is leacing for another school and the new teacher suck i am really very scared now...:(

You cant imagine how sad angry fustrated disappointed I am with my life

Oh btw have you heard of Amoy Airlines before and Taiwan Airlines?

Sghan 10:07, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Goodbye
Hi Mailer. I'll be gone for around a month or so, but I'm still not sure whether or not I'm going to come back. A couple of unusual things happened today, namely, I got into a fight (which never occured to me before) in which I was the cause, and 2) I sat down in front of my computer and could think of nothing to do. Honestly, the only articles I've contributed to in the past few days were talk pages and a few measly edits on Zossen. Productivity is down and temper is up. Best combination for a disaster.

So I'm taking a break. In the meanwhile, put our discussion on hold. Don't do anything foolish while I'm gone (like putting up an RfC against me and asking a hundred users to endorse your summary :) ). And I think Tan needs some help - you can go cheer him up a bit.

Anyway, that's it. Best regards and cheers - JMBell° 21:55, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Your behaviour
Why did you delete Compare CAS? I have just started it so that me and my students can update it with examples of how various symbolic computation systems compare in solving particular tasks. I do have a local copy and will recreate the page, of course. But this is very annoying. Unless you have a very good explanation for your action, which you failed to provide, I will fight with you. Rych''... posted at 07:48 (and a bit later), 2005 May 29 by Rych''
 * For one thing, the title is bizarre. Why is it an imperative clause, and not a noun phrase such as "Comparison of computer algebraic systems"? (Incidentally, "Unless you [do X], I will fight with you" strikes me as a bizarre way of attempting to influence somebody.) -- Hoary 13:33, 2005 May 29 (UTC)

 * I think eventually Compare CAS would be better off if made a redirect to Comparison of computer algebra systems, what do you think? So far I made it go the other way around, as the former seems to be in use. Cheers, Oleg Alexandrov 21:24, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Comparison of computer algebra systems
Thank you for your kind reply which I must admit contrasts nicely to my message to you. I'm sorry, when I calmed myself down, I saw that the Compare CAS page was deleted right. It should be deleted again now, as the very title is inconsistent. I'd like to work on the Comparison of computer algebra systems page as I found similar titles, e.g., Comparison of email clients and even a category for various Comparisons. Still the page is quite empty, so you can delete it too at this stage. When I am ready with it, we'll be back. Thanks. Rych 01:23, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * That ready could mean long time from now. So, unless anybody is willing to work on that aritcle, I think making it a redirect to computer algebra system should be the way to go. Any disagreements? Oleg Alexandrov 02:53, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Dialects
Please take a look in my survey drive in. Thanks.

Tan 22:07, 1 June 20005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mailer diablo/Archive C


text:
Brown-banded cockroach

The brown-banded cockroach (Supella longipalpa) is a species of small cockroach, measuring about 10 to 14 mm long and the most well-known in the genus Supella. It is tan to light brown and has two light-colored bands across the wings and abdomen, which may sometimes appear to be broken or irregular but are quite noticeable. The bands may be partly obscured by the wings. The male has wings that cover the abdomen, while the female has wings that do not cover the abdomen completely. The male appears more slender than the female, the female appears wider.

Distribution
The brown-banded cockroach has a fairly wide distribution, being found in the northeastern, southern, and midwest regions of the United States quite commonly. They are one of the most recent alien cockroaches to form breeding colonies in Britain and Ireland. They need less moisture than the German cockroach so they tend to be more broadly distributed in the home, such as in living rooms and bedrooms. They can often be found in homes and apartments, but are less common in restaurants. They tend not to be found in the daytime, since they avoid light.

In an experiment by Tsai and Chi they found that populations of brown-banded cockroaches would be expected to thrive in environments with a temperature between 25 and 33 °C.

Diet
The brown-banded cockroach eats a wide variety of items.

In an experiment by Cohen and colleagues they found that the larva of the brown-banded cockroach when given a choice will choose a casein:glucose ratio of 15.5:84.5. The larvae that ate only casein died early in the experiment, a few larvae that ate only glucose survived past the larval stage but did not make it to adulthood. A decline in consumption of carbohydrates was seen at the time of first and second moults.

Physiology
Prakash and colleagues explain that the brown-banded cockroach has five segmented maxillary palps and the most distal fifth segment has the largest segment with the most variety of sensilla. With the variety of shapes and sizes of the maxillary it is expected that they would have a variety of functions. In Prakash and colleagues experiment they observed that the curved edge of fifth segment that remained most ventral and probes the substratum with it during foraging. On the fifth segment parallel to the curved ventral edge on the medial surface is a longitudinal furrow that's densely lined with papillaform sensilla. The shaft of the papilla has a longitudinal slit near the distal tip, allowing dendrites of the sensillum to sense the external environment. These dendrites proceed in a wavy form through the shaft of the sensillum. The sensillum contains antennal glomeruli, suggesting that it has an olfactory role. Prakash and colleagues suggest that since the location of this sensilla is in the maxillary palp that this is a short-range olfactory detector for the micro-environment. The olfactory sensilla on the antenna and the double-walled sensilla on both palps probably serve as long-range odour sensors. The maxillary and labial palps show sexual dimorphism which suggests involvement in courtship. Females have more sensilla chaetica on both appendages than males whereas, males have more chemosensilla on the maxillary palps and taste sensilla on the labial palps.

According to Schal and colleagues the site of sex pheromone production in the female Supella longipalpa is located on the fourth and fifth abdominal tergites. Cuticular pores occur on all tergites, but the density is highest on the lateral margins of the fourth and fifth tergites. Each pore is connected via a long duct to modified epidermal cells, suggesting that these structures are involved in pheromone production.

Sex pheromone
The brown-banded cockroach has been the model in many studies about sex pheromones. Cockroaches rely on pheromones for many reproductive behaviours, including bringing the sexes together for mating. Their sex pheromones can be divided into two categories: cuticular compounds that elicit sexual responses after the sexes contact and volatile compounds that act over a distance.

The female brown-banded cockroach emits a sex pheromone that attracts males. Charlton and colleagues isolated and identified the pheromone as 5-(2,4-dimethylheptanyl)-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one which they refer to as supellapyrone. A blend of synthetic compound elicited behavioural and electrophysiological responses comparable to the natural pheromone. This sex pheromone can be synthesized by direct coupling of a brominated pryoned with an alkylzanic reagent. The stereochemistry of the natural pheromone was assigned by a combination of synthesis, chiral gas chromatography, and electrophysiological measurement. They key step in synthesizing the three stereoisomers of this pheromone is employing lipase-catalyzed desymmetrization or enantiomer separation of syn- or anti-2,4-dimethylpentane-1,5-diol. Supellapyrone has four configurations but female brown-banded cockroaches can only produce the RR isomer. In an experiment by Gemono and colleagues they found that the males are attracted to the RR isomer but they are also highly attracted to the SR isomer. Males also responded to SS isomer but the RS isomer elicited little to no response from any males.

The regulation of the female sex pheromone production, calling behaviour and release is regulated directly and indirectly by the corpora allata and juvenile hormone. Smith and Schal came to this conclusion because both pheromone production and calling failed to occur after allatectomy; both pheromone production and calling could be restored by a corpora allata implantation or treatment with juvenile hormones; applications of a juvenile hormones to intact females advanced the age of pheromone production and NCA-I transection, which activates the copora allata in other cockroaches, advanced the age of pheromone production and calling.

Oöcyte growth in the brown-banded cockroach correlated with corpora allata activity in vitro. Ovariectomies were conducted: both pheromone production and calling were unaffected by either nymphs or adults, this was done to demonstrate that the ovaries do not mediate in the regulation of pheromone production. The role of juvenile hormone in pheromone production appears to be regulated by neural and humoral feedbacks.

Calling ceases in an adult female after mating and does not resume throughout the duration of the insects life. Calling was suppressed and oöcyte growth was stimulated by the presence of a spermatophore, by the implantation of a spermatophore and by mating with vasectomized males. Odthecal deposition in females mated with vasectomized males caused calling to resume. Smith and Schal found that ventral nerve cord transections, either immediately following copulation or after odthecal deposition, restored calling in mated females. Their experimental evidence suggested that termination of calling is moderated neurally by a two-stage process, initiated by placement of the spermatophore and maintained by the presence of sperm in the spermatheca.

title: Brown-banded cockroach


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Hydroxyl tagging velocimetry

Hydroxyl tagging velocimetry (HTV) is a velocimetry method used in humid air flows. The method is often used in high-speed combusting flows because the high velocity and temperature accentuate its advantages over similar methods. HTV uses a laser (often an argon-fluoride excimer laser operating at ~193 nm) to dissociate the water in the flow into H + OH. Before entering the flow optics are used to create a grid of laser beams. The water in the flow is dissociated only where beams of sufficient energy pass through the flow, thus creating a grid in the flow where the concentrations of hydroxyl (OH) are higher than in the surrounding flow. Another laser beam (at either ~248 nm or ~308 nm) in the form of a sheet is also passed through the flow in the same plane as the grid. This laser beam is tuned to a wavelength that causes the hydroxyl molecules to fluoresce in the UV spectrum. The fluorescence is then captured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Using electronic timing methods the picture of the grid can be captured at nearly the same instant that the grid is created.

By delaying the pulse of the fluorescence laser and the camera shot, an image of the grid that has now displaced downstream can be captured. Computer programs are then used to compare the two images and determine the displacement of the grid. By dividing the displacement by the known time delay the two dimensional velocity field (in the plane of the grid) can be determined. Flow ratios, however, are shown to affect the impingement locations, where increased air flow ratios can reduce the required combustor size by isolating reaction products solely within the secondary cavity.

Other molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV) methods have used ozone (O3), excited oxygen and nitric oxide as the tag instead of hydroxyl. In the case of ozone the method is known as ozone tagging velocimetry or OTV. OTV has been developed and tested in many room air temperature applications with very accurate test results. OTV consists of an initial "write" step, where a 193-nm pulsed excimer laser creates ozone grid lines via oxygen (O2) UV absorption, and a subsequent "read" step, where a 248-nm excimer laser photodissociates the formed O3 and fluoresces the vibrationally excited O2 product thus revealing the grid lines' displacement.

title: Hydroxyl tagging velocimetry