text:
User talk:194.81.223.62

March 2016
Hello, I'm Entranced98. An edit that you recently made to Tenor seemed to be a test and has been removed. If you want more practice editing, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks!

Entranced98 (talk) 10:22, 3 March 2016 (UTC)

Hello, I'm Oshwah. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —the one you made with this edit to Economic history of the United Kingdom— because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks.  ~Oshwah~  (talk) (contribs)   14:22, 7 March 2016 (UTC)

September 2016
Hello, I'm IdreamofJeanie. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to H&M have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think a mistake was made, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. IdreamofJeanie (talk) 13:37, 8 September 2016 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to Kinetic energy. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. Marvellous Spider -Man 14:04, 9 September 2016 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Moral panic, you may be blocked from editing. --Krelnik (talk) 14:36, 22 September 2016 (UTC)

November 2018
Hello, I'm CASSIOPEIA. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —specifically this edit to Face (rap artist)— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help Desk. Thanks.  CASSIOPEIA(talk) 15:07, 7 November 2018 (UTC)

January 2022
Hello, I'm Itcouldbepossible. I noticed that you added or changed content in an article, Chris Cunningham, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so. You can have a look at referencing for beginners. If you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. ItcouldbepossibleTalk 09:06, 27 January 2022 (UTC)

May 2022
Hello, I'm Itcouldbepossible. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions—specifically this edit to Ernest Woodruff—because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help desk. Thanks. ItcouldbepossibleTalk 14:47, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:194.81.223.62


text:
Talk:Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (video game)

Vastly-Improved Entry
This article has seen a great deal of improvement over the last few months. Without entirely spoiling the game, the article makes it very enticing. Thanks to everyone who has contributed to this. If you do a comparison from the current version to the article before June, you'd hardly be able to recognize it. - 8 September 2006

 * I'm frankly disappointed by the poor quality of this article. Grammatical errors have been plentiful and the overall "tone" is simply juvenile. I've done what I can to clean this up, but it may require further effort. - AWF

 * BE BOLD. The Wookieepedian 13:22, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I thought this article could have been a little better divided. Most of the content is under "development". Why is it under development? The only section about development is the opening tid-bit. That tid-bit is loosely important to the article and best moved to trivia. Trivia. We need trivia. What a good place to start! Maybe even naming the
 * "differences" category trivia. Lord help us...
 * Be bold yet timid -Shadow the Edge-hog 00:49, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Why does this sound more of an advertisement/walkthrough? 72.83.118.187 22:23, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Engine Similar to Jedi Power Battles?
That's my point - I found playing this game a lot like Jedi Power Battles (with a few things different) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ggctuk (talk • contribs) 10:26, 10 January 2007 (UTC).

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (video game). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://gameinformer.com/NR/exeres/F8463F25-6625-45EE-A017-0AD40AFCE86C.htm
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text:
User talk:SirMatt

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 09:22, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:SirMatt


text:
User talk:Mike-de-S

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

Yay

title: User talk:Mike-de-S


text:
List of parliamentary constituencies in Warwickshire

Until 2010, the county of Warwickshire was divided into 5 parliamentary constituencies - they were all county constituencies. Now it has six parliamentary constituencies - 5 county constituencies and 1 borough constituency.

2010 boundary changes
Under the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the Boundary Commission for England decided to the number of constituencies in Warwickshire from 5 to 6 for the 2010 election, with the creation of the new constituency of Kenilworth and Southam, combining the two towns of Kenilworth, transferred from Rugby and Kenilworth (renamed Rugby), and Southam, transferred from Stratford-on-Avon. The revised, more compact, Warwick and Leamington constituency was redesignated as a Borough constituency.

Proposed boundary changes
See 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies for further details.

Following the abandonment of the Sixth Periodic Review (the 2018 review), the Boundary Commission for England formally launched the 2023 Review on 5 January 2021. Initial proposals were published on 8 June 2021 and, following two periods of public consultation, revised proposals were published on 8 November 2022. The final proposals were published on 28 June 2023.

The commission has proposed retaining the current six constituencies in Warwickshire, with minor boundary changes primarily to reflect changes to ward boundaries. Although its boundaries are unchanged, it is proposed that North Warwickshire is renamed North Warwickshire and Bedworth.

Results history
Primary data source: House of Commons research briefing - General election results from 1918 to 2019

2019
The number of votes cast for each political party who fielded candidates in constituencies comprising Warwickshire in the 2019 general election were as follows:

Percentage votes
11983 & 1987 - SDP-Liberal Alliance

* Included in Other

Historical representation by party
A cell marked → (with a different colour background to the preceding cell) indicates that the previous MP continued to sit under a new party name.

1918 to 1950
* Transferred from Staffordshire 1911


text:
User talk:Jesus Lover

Because this is the English edition of Wikipedia, all discussions must be in English. Discussions in Romanian, Esperanto, or Russian will be translated into English; and all discussions in the other 6,496 languages will be removed

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Create a User page.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log.
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Be bold!
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary.

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alphax τεχ 09:25, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Timisoara
Mai stai prin Timisoara ? Sau doar in Romania ?--PET 10:12, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Babel
Perhaps you want to add this source to your wiki to make the language boxes more friendly --Rares 04:12, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Our forum
Welcome to the Romanian Wikipedia notice board! This page is a portal for all Romanian-related topics and a place for Romanian editors to gather and socialize and debate. Discussions are encouraged, in both English and Romanian. Post any inquiry under their relevant cathegory.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Romanian_Wikipedian%27s_notice_board

--Anittas 19:33, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Romania
--Codrin.B (talk) 04:20, 21 January 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jesus Lover


text: User talk:67.103.243.42

title: User talk:67.103.243.42


text:
Schouten languages

The Schouten languages are a linkage of Austronesian languages in northern Papua New Guinea. They are in contact with various North Papuan languages, particularly the Skou and some Torricelli languages.

They are named after the Schouten Islands of Papua New Guinea.

Languages

 * Schouten
 * Siau family
 * Arop-Sissano
 * Sera, Sissano
 * Ulau-Suain
 * Tumleo
 * Yakamul (Kap, Ali)
 * Kairiru linkage:
 * Kaiep
 * Kairiru
 * Terebu
 * Manam linkage:
 * Biem
 * Kis
 * Manam
 * Medebur
 * Sepa
 * Wogeo

Ethnologue adds Malol to Siau.

The Siau family is spoken in Sandaun Province. The Kairiru linkage is spoken in East Sepik Province. The Manam linkage is spoken in Madang Province and Wewak Islands Rural LLG of East Sepik Province.

title: Schouten languages


text: User talk:24.107.227.12

title: User talk:24.107.227.12


text: User talk:69.142.77.236

title: User talk:69.142.77.236


text:
User talk:Obtherion

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

title: User talk:Obtherion


text:
Władysław Langner

Władysław Aleksander Langner (18 June 1896 in Jaworów 28 September 1972) was a Polish general, best known as commander of the Siege of Lwów in 1939.

Early career
Władysław Langner spent his childhood in the Polish town of Tarnów, where he became a member of a local Independent Youth Union, which he represented at a national congress in Kraków in 1913. In the same year he founded a paramilitary organization in Tarnów together with his brother, in which they regularly organized military exercises and training. Later this organization also engaged in recruiting to the Polish National Army.

In the years 1914-1917, he served in the I Brigade of Piłsudski's Polish Legions and became commander of an infantry platoon. In the following years he was commanding officer of, among others, the 5th Infantry Regiment, the 40th Infantry Regiment stationed in Lwów, and the 12th Infantry Division based in Tarnopol. In 1928, Władysław Langner was called to Warsaw, where he worked as Head of the Main Administration Bureau of the Ministry of War. After three years he was promoted to the second Vice Minister of War and Chief of Army Administration, and in 1934 he was promoted to General. Until 1938 he served as a CO of Łódź-based IV Corps Command. Later, until 1939, he served on the same post in the headquarters of the VI Corps Command in Lwów.

World War II
During the Polish Defensive War of September 1939, Władysław Langner assumed command of all the Polish forces stationed in and around the city of Lwów. Although most of the regular Polish forces normally stationed in the area were transported to the front, he managed to organize the defence of both the city and its area. With march battalions, rear troops, marauders and raw recruits, he prepared the city for the fight. He commanded his forces during fights against the Wehrmacht and the Red Army, which later became known as the Battle of Lwów. Although his troops were badly outnumbered, outflanked and under equipped, the defense lasted ten days, after which General Langner surrendered the city to the Red Army so as to, according to his own words, "not endanger further the lives of the people and risk the destruction of the city".

After leaving the city, he managed to escape to Romania, and then to France, where he joined the reborn Polish Army being formed under the auspices of the Polish government in exile. After the fall of France, he retreated to the United Kingdom. There, he was appointed commander of the Polish 3rd Carpathian Rifle Brigade stationed in Scotland. In 1941 he gave up this post and between 1943 and the end of World War II he served as an Inspector of Military Training of Polish Units in Great Britain.

Retirement
In 1945 Władysław Langner retired to a farm near Newcastle upon Tyne, where he died in 1972.

Honours and awards

 * Gold Cross of the Virtuti Militari, also the Silver Cross
 * Cross of Independence
 * Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
 * Cross of Valour - four times
 * Gold Cross of Merit

title: Władysław Langner


text:
User talk:Debackerl

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Debackerl


text:
Institute for Public Affairs (Slovakia)

The Institute for Public Affairs (Inštitút pre verejné otázky, IVO) is a non-governmental think tank, registered to operate in the Slovak Republic. It was founded by Grigorij Mesežnikov and Martin Bútora, with the aim of promoting the values of an open society and a democratic political culture in public policy and decision-making. IVO brings together experts from many different areas of study. Mesežnikov has been President of the institute since 1998.

title: Institute for Public Affairs (Slovakia)


text:
User talk:Robfam

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

title: User talk:Robfam


text:
Princess Raccoon

Princess Raccoon (オペレッタ狸御殿) is a 2005 Japanese film directed by Seijun Suzuki. The "raccoon" of the English title is actually a translation for the tanuki or Japanese raccoon-dog. It is a love story set in the musical genre and stars Zhang Ziyi as a tanuki princess and Joe Odagiri as the banished prince she falls in love with. The film premiered at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. It was the last film Suzuki directed.

Plot
The Lord of Castle Grace, Azuchi Momoyama (Mikijiro Hira), is used to ask a prophetess (Saori Yuki) to confirm he is the fairest of all living things. On one occasion, the prophetess reveals that his son Prince Amechiyo (Joe Odagiri) will soon become the fairest. Azuchi Momoyama orders his son to be killed at Sacred Mountain. The plan fails when the assassin is trapped by racoon hunters. While Amechiyo sleeps, Princess Racoon (Zhang Ziyi), finds him and takes him to the Raccoon Palace. Soon, Amechiyo and the Princess are in love. The Racoons are against the romance because it is a known law that "No man should love a racoon. Even less should a racoon ever love a man". Azuchi Monoyama learns his son is still alive so he engages in a war to get him killed. Amechiyo has to look for a golden frog deep in the mountain to save the princess. It appears that the lovers' romance is doomed.

Cast

 * Zhang Ziyi as Princess Raccoon
 * Joe Odagiri as Amechiyo
 * Hiroko Yakushimaru as Hagi
 * Mikijiro Hira as Azuchi Momoyama
 * Tarō Yamamoto
 * Gentaro Takahashi
 * Saori Yuki
 * Miwako Ichikawa

title: Princess Raccoon


text:
Century 21

Century 21 may refer to:

 * Century 21 (department store)
 * Century 21 (political party)
 * Century 21 (real estate)
 * Century 21 Exposition, the 1962 World's Fair
 * Century 21 Productions, a British TV production company

title: Century 21


text:
Eastern Railway zone

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place, Kolkata and comprises four divisions:, , , and. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town, Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur,Jamalpur, Jasidih, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.

History
The East Indian Railway (EIR) Company was incorporated in 1845 to connect eastern India with Delhi. The first train ran here between Howrah and Hooghly on 15 August 1854. The train left Howrah station at 8:30 a.m. and reached Hooghly in 91 minutes. The management of the East Indian Railway was taken over by the British Indian government on 1 January 1925.

The Eastern Railway was formed on 14 April 1952 by amalgamating three lower divisions of the East Indian Railway: Howrah, Asansol and Danapur, the entire Bengal Nagpur Railway (BNR) and the Sealdah division of the erstwhile Bengal Assam Railway (which was already added to the East Indian Railway on 15 August 1947). On 1 August 1955, the portions of BNR stretching from Howrah to Visakhapatnam in the South which is now the Headquarters of South Coast Railway zone, Howrah to Nagpur in the Central area and up to Katni in the North Central Region were separated from Eastern Railway and became the South Eastern Railway. Three more divisions: Dhanbad, Mughalsarai and Malda were formed later. Till 30 September 2002 ER consisted seven divisions.

On 1 October 2002 a new zone, the East Central Railway, headquarters at Hajipur, was carved out by separating the Eastern Railway's Danapur, Dhanbad and Mughalsarai divisions from it. Presently, it comprises four divisions and they are Malda Town, Howrah, Sealdah and Asansol.

In 2021, Eastern Railway completed full electrification of its 2010 km rail network in West Bengal, while in 2022, its entire network of 2848 km was electrified with the conversion of the Hansdiha-Godda section.

Divisions

 * Howrah railway division
 * Sealdah railway division
 * Asansol railway division
 * Malda railway division

Trunk routes
Howrah–Delhi main line
 * Howrah–Bardhaman main line
 * Howrah–Bardhaman chord line
 * Bardhaman–Asansol section
 * Asansol–Rajla section of Asansol–Patna line

Grand Chord and Howrah–Allahabad–Mumbai line
 * Howrah–Bardhaman main line
 * Howrah–Bardhaman chord line
 * Bardhaman–Asansol section
 * Asansol–Chhota Ambana section of Asansol–Gaya line

Sahibganj loop
 * Khana–Rampurhat section of Sahibganj Loop

Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line
 * Howrah–Bardhaman main line
 * Howrah–Bardhaman chord line
 * Bardhaman–Khana section of Bardhaman–Asansol line
 * Khana–Gumani section of Sahibganj loop
 * Gumani–New Farraka section of Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop
 * New Farakka–Malda Town section of New Farakka–Barsoi line

Suburban and Branch lines

 * Ahmadpur–Katwa line
 * Andal–Sainthia branch line
 * Andal–Sitarampur loop line
 * Bardhaman–Katwa line
 * Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop
 * Deoghar–Banka–Bhagalpur branch line
 * Dumka–Bhagalpur line
 * Jasidih–Dumka–Rampurhat line
 * Madhupur–Giridih branch line
 * Howrah–Belur Math branch line
 * Nalhati–Azimganj branch line
 * Krishnanagar–Nabadwip Ghat line (NG under conversion)
 * Ranaghat–Lalgola line
 * Ranaghat–Gede line
 * Ranaghat–Shantipur–Krishnanagar line
 * Ranaghat–Bangaon line
 * Seoraphuli–Tarakeswar–Goghat line
 * Sealdah–Barasat–Bangaon line
 * Barasat–Hasnabad line
 * Sealdah–Ranaghat line
 * Naihati–Bandel branch line
 * Kalyani–Kalyani Simanta branch line
 * Sealdah–Budge Budge line
 * Sealdah–Diamond Harbour line
 * Sealdah–Canning line
 * Sealdah–Namkhana line
 * Kolkata Circular Railway
 * Calcutta Chord line

Discontinued routes

 * Dum Dum Cantonment–Biman Bandar branch line

EMU Carsheds

 * Howrah EMU Carshed (HWH)
 * Bandel EMU Carshed (BDC)
 * Narkeldanga EMU Carshed (NKG)
 * Ranaghat EMU Carshed (RHA)
 * Barasat EMU Carshed (BT)
 * Sonarpur EMU Carshed (SPR)

Loco Sheds

 * Electric Loco Shed, Howrah (HWH)
 * Diesel Loco Shed, Howrah (HWH-D)
 * Electric Loco Shed, Sealdah (SDAH)
 * Electric Loco Shed, Asansol (ASN)
 * Electric & Diesel Loco Shed, Bardhaman (BWN)
 * Diesel Loco Shed, Andal (UDL)
 * Diesel Loco Shed, Jamalpur (JMP)

title: Eastern Railway zone


text:
Andorran Democratic Centre

The Andorran Democratic Centre (Centre Demòcrata Andorrà) was a Christian-democratic political party in Andorra.

History
The party first contested national elections in 2005, when it ran in coalition with Century 21. The alliance received 10.7% of the vote and won two seats.

In 2005, the two parties officially merged, creating New Centre.

title: Andorran Democratic Centre


text:
Holcombe, Teignbridge

Holcombe is a small village in the south of Devon, England, situated between the much larger coastal towns of Teignmouth and Dawlish. The village has very few facilities, although there are 2 pubs/restaurants, The Smuggler's Inn and The Castle Inn. Holcombe is a typical small English village, with thatched cottages and country lanes. Smugglers Lane at the bottom of the village allows safe access under the railway line to a hidden beach.

title: Holcombe, Teignbridge


text:
Democratic Renewal (Andorra)

Democratic Renewal (Renovació Democràtica, RD) was a social-liberal political party in Andorra.

History
For the 2005 parliamentary elections, the party was part of an alliance with the Social Democratic Party and Parochial Union of Independents Group named L'Alternativa. The alliance won twelve seats.

The party did not contest the 2009 elections but instead supported Andorra for Change, which won three seats. It did not participate in the 2011 elections. The party was dissolved in September 2011.

title: Democratic Renewal (Andorra)


text:
Renca

Renca is a commune of Chile located in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region. It was founded on 6 May 1894.

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Renca spans an area of 24.2 sqkm and has 133,500 inhabitants, and the commune is an entirely urban area. The population grew by 3.5% (4,500 people) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. Its 2006 projected population was 134,690.

Statistics

 * Average annual household income: US$17,278 (PPP, 2006)
 * Population below poverty line: 19.2% (2006)
 * Regional quality of life index: 63.39, low, 49 out of 52 (2005)
 * Human Development Index: 0.709, 112 out of 341 (2003)

Administration
As a commune, Renca is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The communal council has the following members:
 * Víctor Barahona Ugarte (UDI)
 * Nora Contreras Canales (UDI)
 * Renato Estay Cabrera (UDI)
 * Cristián Rojas Pizarro (IND)
 * Berta Roquer Casanova (PDC)
 * Teresa Cordero Villarroel (PPD)
 * Cristián Sandoval Saavedra (PDC)
 * Silvia Contreras Morales (PC)

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Renca is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Karla Rubilar (RN) and María Antonieta Saa (PPD) as part of the 17th electoral district, (together with Conchalí and Huechuraba). The commune is represented in the Senate by Guido Girardi Lavín (PPD) and Jovino Novoa Vásquez (UDI) as part of the 7th senatorial constituency (Santiago-West).

title: Renca


text:
Greens of Andorra

The Greens of Andorra (Verds d'Andorra, VA) is a green political party in Andorra.

History
The party first contested national elections in 2005, when they ran in the parliamentary elections. They received 3.4% of the vote and failed to win a seat in the General Council. In the 2009 elections the party received 3.2% of the vote, failing to win a seat. The 2011 elections saw the party receive 3.4% of the vote, and again fail to win a seat.

title: Greens of Andorra


text:
Shinnel Water

Shinnel Water, also spelt Shinnell, is a river in the region of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.

It rises in the Scaur hills of Tynron Parish in the Southern Uplands at an altitude of 460m, and flows 13 miles to join Scaur Water near Penpont, at an altitude of 70m. There are two notable features of the Shinnel: at the confluence of the two rivers, it flows over a ridge of rocks with some force; and three miles upstream, the river forms a picturesque waterfall at Aird Linn.

Like Scaur Water, the Shinnel is renowned for trout fishing and flows through birch and oak forest.

title: Shinnel Water


text:
User talk:Mcherrill

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

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title: User talk:Mcherrill


text:
Talk:Stabschef

I did some editing here, but this page is seriously flawed since it equates the normal term "Stabschef", translated in English as Chief of Staff, with the rank within the SA - the real topic of this entry. Str1977 09:29, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:EarlyRohm.jpg
Image:EarlyRohm.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 02:51, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stabschef


text:
San Joaquín

San Joaquín (Spanish for Saint Joachim) is a commune of Chile located in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region. It is part of Greater Santiago.

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, San Joaquín spans an area of 9.7 sqkm and has 97,625 inhabitants (46,708 men and 50,917 women), and the commune is an entirely urban area. The population fell by 14.4% (16,392 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. Its 2006 projected population was 87,035.

Stats

 * Average annual household income: US$19,089 (PPP, 2006)
 * Population below poverty line: 7.4% (2006)
 * Regional quality of life index: 76.84, mid-high, 20 out of 52 (2005)
 * Human Development Index: 0.719, 92 out of 341 (2003)

Administration
As a commune, San Joaquín is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2012-2016 alcalde is Sergio Echeverría García. The communal council has the following members:
 * Nelly Santander Marín (IND)
 * Ramón Ortiz Seguel (PPD)
 * Víctor Contreras Vicencio (IND)
 * Gustavo Arias Campos (PC)
 * Elizabeth Galleguillos Medina (RN)
 * Cristóbal Labra Bassa (PS)
 * Manuel León Huerta (PDC)
 * José Contreras Silva (UDI)

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, San Joaquín is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Felipe Salaberry (UDI) and Ximena Vidal (PPD) as part of the 25th electoral district, (together with Macul and La Granja). The commune is represented in the Senate by Soledad Alvear (PDC) and Pablo Longueira (UDI) as part of the 8th senatorial constituency (Santiago-East).

Notable people

 * Fabián Orellana (born 1986), professional footballer playing for SD Eibar
 * Arturo Vidal (born 1987), professional footballer playing for Inter Milan

title: San Joaquín


text:
User talk:Manojonline~enwiki

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

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Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:52, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Manojonline~enwiki


text:
User talk:Gfad1

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

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title: User talk:Gfad1


text:
User:Mike-de-S

Hi, I'm an undergraduate student at the University of Warwick, I live in Exmouth, Devon and Leamington Spa, my interests are computer graphics and stuff like that, and my main hobby is helping to run the student television station.

I help run the website Undermind.co.uk and upload my best computer-generated 3D and 2D artwork etc to my deviantArt account.

title: User:Mike-de-S


text:
Talk:Observation tower

German-centric
According to an anon on the village pump this is a translation of Aussichtsturm. Still, it looks like a machine translation. Some editing or reworking would be appreciated. - Mgm|(talk) 09:31, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * I cleaned up the translation of "special observation towers". It should be good now.  -zappa 05:38, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

This article seems pretty specific as to German observation towers. Would we maybe want to move this to "German observation towers" and start a new article for just general observation towers? -zappa 05:39, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Note also that the English "Observation tower" has a different meaning the German "Aussichtsturm" (literally Outlook tower) which is set as the interwiki - The German word "Aussichtsturm" can not have a (para-)military connotation at all. The German article states that in its introduction very clearly (Aussichtstürme, auf denen Posten sitzen, die über größere Zeiträume ein Gebiet überwachen, werden als Wachtürme bezeichnet. - Oberservation towers that are held by guard posts over an extended period to overlook an area are called watchtowers.) Guidod 12:26, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

The Jaume I tower is in Barcelona, Spain, not in Germany. Somebody should change it (I do not know how to do it)
 * Done. Peter Horn 03:02, 20 January 2009 (UTC)

Merge from Observation tower (ride)

 * Oppose merge. -- Petri Krohn 11:38, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

Bird observation tower
A section describing bird observation towers would be useful, on need for a separate article. Peter Horn 02:55, 20 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Oops, make that "no need". Peter Horn 03:04, 20 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Observation tower


text:
San Miguel, Chile

San Miguel (Spanish for "Saint Michael") is a commune of Chile located in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region. It was founded on August 10, 1896.

Administration
As a commune, San Miguel is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The alcalde's office (alcaldía) is located at Gran Avenida No. 3418. The 2012-2016 alcalde is Julio Palestro Velásquez (PS). The communal council has the following members:
 * Francia Palestro Contreras (PS)
 * Luis Sanhueza Bravo (RN)
 * Erika Martinez Osorio (PC)
 * Carolina Onofri Salinas (RN)
 * David Navarro Carachi (PRSD)
 * Felipe Von Unger Valdés (UDI)
 * Rodrigo Iturra Becerra (PDC)
 * Ernesto Balcázar Gamboa (PS)

San Miguel belongs to the 28th electoral division (together with Pedro Aguirre Cerda and Lo Espejo) and the 8th senatorial constituency (Santiago East). It is represented in the Chamber of Deputies of the National Congress by the deputies Guillermo Teillier del Valle (PCCh) and Pedro Browne Urrejola (RN). It is represented in the Senate by senators Soledad Alvear (PDC) and Pablo Longueira (UDI).

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, San Miguel spans an area of 9.5 sqkm and has 78,872 inhabitants (37,836 men and 41,036 women), and the commune is an entirely urban area. The population fell by 4.8% (3997 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. The demonym for a person from San Miguel is sanmiguelino for a man or sanmiguelina for a woman.

 * Other statistics:
 * Average annual household income: US$39,670 (PPP, 2006)
 * Population below poverty line: 2.5% (2006)
 * Regional quality of life index: 82.17, high, 6 out of 52 (2005)
 * Human Development Index: 0.765, 31 out of 341 (2003)

Notable sanmiguelinos

 * Los Prisioneros
 * Gepe
 * Paulina Urrutia
 * Ruben Palma
 * Themo Lobos
 * Francisco Dominguez
 * Daniela Vega

title: San Miguel, Chile


text:
User talk:Gremlinuk

= Welcome to Wookipedium! = Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

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Speedy deletion of "Kincraig"
A page you created, Kincraig, has been tagged for deletion, as it meets one or more of the criteria for speedy deletion; specifically, it is about a real person, group of people, band, club, company, organisation, or web content, but does not indicate why its subject is important or significant.

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Thank you. Miquonranger03 (talk) 18:42, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of "Duncanston"
A page you created, Duncanston, has been tagged for deletion, as it meets one or more of the criteria for speedy deletion; specifically, it is about a real person, group of people, band, club, company, organisation, or web content, but does not indicate why its subject is important or significant.

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Thank you. Miquonranger03 (talk) 18:48, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Tomich
A tag has been placed on Tomich requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is an article with no content whatsoever, or whose contents consist only of external links, "See also" section, book reference, category tag, template tag, interwiki link, rephrasing of the title, or an attempt to contact the subject of the article. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

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Speedy deletion of Delny
A tag has been placed on Delny requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is an article with no content whatsoever, or whose contents consist only of external links, "See also" section, book reference, category tag, template tag, interwiki link, rephrasing of the title, or an attempt to contact the subject of the article. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. Anshuk (talk) 07:35, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Aldie, Highland

The article Aldie, Highland has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Non-notable farm

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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title: User talk:Gremlinuk


text:
Ground tissue

Stem-histology-cross-section-tag.svg stem cross-section: 1.

2. Pith

3. Protoxylem

4. Xylem

5. Phloem

6. Sclerenchyma (bast fibre)

7. Cortex

8. Epidermis ]]

The ground tissue of plants includes all tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular. It can be divided into three types based on the nature of the cell walls. This tissue system is present between the dermal tissue and forms the main bulk of the plant body.

 * 1) Parenchyma cells have thin primary walls and usually remain alive after they become mature. Parenchyma forms the "filler" tissue in the soft parts of plants, and is usually present in cortex, pericycle, pith, and medullary rays in primary stem and root.
 * 2) Collenchyma cells have thin primary walls with some areas of secondary thickening. Collenchyma provides extra mechanical and structural support, particularly in regions of new growth.
 * 3) Sclerenchyma cells have thick lignified secondary walls and often die when mature. Sclerenchyma provides the main structural support to the plant.
 * 4) Arenchyma cells are found in aquatic plants. They are also known to be parenchyma cells with large air cavities surrounded by irregular cells which form columns called trabeculae

Parenchyma
Parenchyma is a versatile ground tissue that generally constitutes the "filler" tissue in soft parts of plants. It forms, among other things, the cortex (outer region) and pith (central region) of stems, the cortex of roots, the mesophyll of leaves, the pulp of fruits, and the endosperm of seeds. Parenchyma cells are often living cells and may remain meristematic, meaning that they are capable of cell division if stimulated. They have thin and flexible cellulose cell walls and are generally polyhedral when close-packed, but can be roughly spherical when isolated from their neighbors. Parenchyma cells are generally large. They have large central vacuoles, which allow the cells to store and regulate ions, waste products, and water. Tissue specialised for food storage is commonly formed of parenchyma cells.

Parenchyma cells have a variety of functions:
 * In leaves, they form two layers of mesophyll cells immediately beneath the epidermis of the leaf, that are responsible for photosynthesis and the exchange of gases. These layers are called the palisade parenchyma and spongy mesophyll. Palisade parenchyma cells can be either cuboidal or elongated. Parenchyma cells in the mesophyll of leaves are specialised parenchyma cells called chlorenchyma cells (parenchyma cells with chloroplasts). Parenchyma cells are also found in other parts of the plant.
 * Storage of starch, protein, fats, oils and water in roots, tubers (e.g. potatoes), seed endosperm (e.g. cereals) and cotyledons (e.g. pulses and peanuts)
 * Secretion (e.g. the parenchyma cells lining the inside of resin ducts)
 * Wound repair and the potential for renewed meristematic activity
 * Other specialised functions such as aeration (aerenchyma) provides buoyancy and helps aquatic plants float.
 * Chlorenchyma cells carry out photosynthesis and manufacture food.

The shape of parenchyma cells varies with their function. In the spongy mesophyll of a leaf, parenchyma cells range from near-spherical and loosely arranged with large intercellular spaces, to branched or stellate, mutually interconnected with their neighbours at the ends of their arms to form a three-dimensional network, like in the red kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris and other mesophytes. These cells, along with the epidermal guard cells of the stoma, form a system of air spaces and chambers that regulate the exchange of gases. In some works, the cells of the leaf epidermis are regarded as specialised parenchymal cells, but the modern preference has long been to classify the epidermis as plant dermal tissue, and parenchyma as ground tissue.

Shapes of parenchyma:
 * Polyhedral (found in pallisade tissue of the leaf)
 * Spherical
 * Stellate (found in stem of plants and have well developed air spaces between them)
 * Elongated (also found in pallisade tissue of leaf)
 * Lobed (found in spongy and pallisade mesophyll tissue of some plants)

Collenchyma
Collenchyma tissue is composed of elongated cells with irregularly thickened walls. They provide structural support, particularly in growing shoots and leaves (as seen, for example, the resilient strands in stalks of celery). Collenchyma cells are usually living, and have only a thick primary cell wall made up of cellulose and pectin. Cell wall thickness is strongly affected by mechanical stress upon the plant. The walls of collenchyma in shaken plants (to mimic the effects of wind etc.), may be 40–100% thicker than those not shaken.

There are four main types of collenchyma:
 * Angular collenchyma (thickened at intercellular contact points)
 * Tangential collenchyma (cells arranged into ordered rows and thickened at the tangential face of the cell wall)
 * Annular collenchyma (uniformly thickened cell walls)
 * Lacunar collenchyma (collenchyma with intercellular spaces)

Collenchyma cells are most often found adjacent to outer growing tissues such as the vascular cambium and are known for increasing structural support and integrity.

The first use of "collenchyma" was by Link (1837) who used it to describe the sticky substance on Bletia (Orchidaceae) pollen. Complaining about Link's excessive nomenclature, Schleiden (1839) stated mockingly that the term "collenchyma" could have more easily been used to describe elongated sub-epidermal cells with unevenly thickened cell walls.

Sclerenchyma
Sclerenchyma is the tissue which makes the plant hard and stiff. Sclerenchyma is the supporting tissue in plants. Two types of sclerenchyma cells exist: fibers cellular and sclereids. Their cell walls consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Sclerenchyma cells are the principal supporting cells in plant tissues that have ceased elongation. Sclerenchyma fibers are of great economic importance, since they constitute the source material for many fabrics (e.g. flax, hemp, jute, and ramie).

Unlike the collenchyma, mature sclerenchyma is composed of dead cells with extremely thick cell walls (secondary walls) that make up to 90% of the whole cell volume. The term sclerenchyma is derived from the Greek σκληρός (sklērós), meaning "hard." It is the hard, thick walls that make sclerenchyma cells important strengthening and supporting elements in plant parts that have ceased elongation. The difference between sclereids is not always clear: transitions do exist, sometimes even within the same plant.

Fibers
Fibers or bast are generally long, slender, so-called prosenchymatous cells, usually occurring in strands or bundles. Such bundles or the totality of a stem's bundles are colloquially called fibers. Their high load-bearing capacity and the ease with which they can be processed has since antiquity made them the source material for a number of things, like ropes, fabrics and mattresses. The fibers of flax (Linum usitatissimum) have been known in Europe and Egypt for more than 3,000 years, those of hemp (Cannabis sativa) in China for just as long. These fibers, and those of jute (Corchorus capsularis) and ramie (Boehmeria nivea, a nettle), are extremely soft and elastic and are especially well suited for the processing to textiles. Their principal cell wall material is cellulose.

Contrasting are hard fibers that are mostly found in monocots. Typical examples are the fiber of many grasses, Agave sisalana (sisal), Yucca or Phormium tenax, Musa textilis and others. Their cell walls contain, besides cellulose, a high proportion of lignin. The load-bearing capacity of Phormium tenax is as high as 20–25 kg/mm², the same as that of good steel wire (25 kg/ mm²), but the fibre tears as soon as too great a strain is placed upon it, while the wire distorts and does not tear before a strain of 80 kg/mm². The thickening of a cell wall has been studied in Linum. Starting at the centre of the fiber, the thickening layers of the secondary wall are deposited one after the other. Growth at both tips of the cell leads to simultaneous elongation. During development the layers of secondary material seem like tubes, of which the outer one is always longer and older than the next. After completion of growth, the missing parts are supplemented, so that the wall is evenly thickened up to the tips of the fibers.

Fibers usually originate from meristematic tissues. Cambium and procambium are their main centers of production. They are usually associated with the xylem and phloem of the vascular bundles. The fibers of the xylem are always lignified, while those of the phloem are cellulosic. Reliable evidence for the fibre cells' evolutionary origin from tracheids exists. During evolution the strength of the tracheid cell walls was enhanced, the ability to conduct water was lost and the size of the pits was reduced. Fibers that do not belong to the xylem are bast (outside the ring of cambium) and such fibers that are arranged in characteristic patterns at different sites of the shoot. The term "sclerenchyma" (originally Sclerenchyma) was introduced by Mettenius in 1865.

Sclereids
Sclereids are the reduced form of sclerenchyma cells with highly thickened, lignified walls.

They are small bundles of sclerenchyma tissue in plants that form durable layers, such as the cores of apples and the gritty texture of pears (Pyrus communis). Sclereids are variable in shape. The cells can be isodiametric, prosenchymatic, forked or elaborately branched. They can be grouped into bundles, can form complete tubes located at the periphery or can occur as single cells or small groups of cells within parenchyma tissues. But compared with most fibres, sclereids are relatively short. Characteristic examples are brachysclereids or the stone cells (called stone cells because of their hardness) of pears and quinces (Cydonia oblonga) and those of the shoot of the wax plant (Hoya carnosa). The cell walls fill nearly all the cell's volume. A layering of the walls and the existence of branched pits is clearly visible. Branched pits such as these are called ramiform pits. The shell of many seeds like those of nuts as well as the stones of drupes like cherries and plums are made up from sclereids.

These structures are used to protect other cells.

title: Ground tissue


text:
King Jammy

Lloyd Woodrowe James (born 26 October 1947), better known as Prince Jammy or King Jammy, is a Jamaican dub mixer and record producer. He began his musical career as a dub master at King Tubby's recording studio. His dubs are known for their clear sound and use of effects.

Biography
After earning money from building amplifiers and repairing electrical equipment from his mother's house in Waterhouse in the late 1960s, he started his own sound system. He also built equipment for other local systems. After leaving Jamaica to work in Canada for a few years in the early 1970s, he returned to Kingston in 1976 and set up his own studio at his in-laws' home in Waterhouse, and released a couple of Yabby You productions. When Phillip Smart left King Tubby's team to work in New York City, Jammy replaced him, getting to work with Bunny Lee and Yabby You.

In the late 1970s he began to release his own productions, including the debut album from Black Uhuru in 1977. In the 1980s, he became one of the most influential producers of dancehall music. His biggest hit was 1985's "Under Me Sleng Teng" by Wayne Smith, with an entirely digital rhythm hook. Many credit this song as being the first "digital riddim" in reggae, leading to the modern dancehall era. Later into 1980s, Jammy improvised Reggae and Dancehall, he digitalized old riddims, like Real Rock, and Far East. King Jammy then began working with top artists in Jamaica throughout the 1980s and 1990s such as Admiral Bailey, Admiral Tibet, Chaka Demus, Frankie Paul, Lieutenant Stitchie, Pinchers, and even Dennis Brown. Jammy's productions and sound system dominated reggae music for the remainder of the 1980s and into the 1990s. He continues to work as a producer, working with some of today's top Jamaican artists, including Sizzla.

Compilations

 * Dub Gone 2 Crazy (King Tubby & Prince Jammy – 1975–79) Blood and Fire (record label)
 * Dub The Old Fashioned Way (Lee Perry & Prince Jammy – 197?)
 * Dubwise Revolution (King Tubby & Prince Jammy & Scientist – 197?)
 * The Rhythm King (Prince Jammy & Various Artists – 198?)
 * Umoja – 20th Century DEBwise (Dennis Brown Presents Prince Jammy – 1978)

Appearances on various artist compilations

 * Big Showdown
 * Round 2
 * Round 4
 * Round 6
 * Round 8
 * Round 10

 * Black Black Minds
 * Peace And Rest Version
 * How Long Version
 * Keep On Trying Version

 * Bunny Lee Meets King Tubby & Aggrovators
 * Channel One A Boy

 * Creation Rockers
 * You're No Good

 * Don Letts Presents The Mighty Trojan Sound
 * Out Of Order

 * Dub Chill Out
 * Slow Motion Dub
 * Black And White Dub
 * Dub It in the Dancehall Dub
 * Jump Song Dub

 * Dub Massive Chapter 1
 * Out Of Order
 * Fist Of Fury

 * Dub Massive Chapter 2
 * Throne Of Blood
 * Shaolin Temple

 * Dub Sessions
 * Dub Investigation
 * Brothers of the Blade

 * Dubwise & Otherwise
 * Wreck Up A Version

 * Fat Man Dub Contest
 * Jammy A No Fool
 * Jammy's on the Move
 * Jammy's A Shine
 * Jammy's A Satta

 * Fatman Presents Twin Spin Vol I
 * Second Generation

 * First, Second And Third Generation Of Dub
 * Second Generation
 * On The Scene

 * Flashing Echo
 * Fist Of Fury
 * Jammin For Survival
 * Out Of Order Dub

 * Haul & Pull Up Selecta
 * You're No Good (12")
 * Jammin' For Survival (12")

 * Heavyweight Sound
 * Problems Dub

 * In Fine Style
 * A Useful Version

 * King Jammy in Roots
 * Slaughterhouse Five
 * Born Free (Extended Mix)
 * Youth Man Dub

 * Kung Fu !
 * Shaolin Temple
 * Throne Of Blood
 * Fist Of Fury

 * Punky Reggae Party
 * Run It Red
 * Chapter Of Money
 * Dub Ites Green & Gold
 * Higher Ranking
 * A Stalawatt Version
 * Mr. Bassie Dub
 * Music Dub

 * Scratchy Sounds
 * Brothers of the Blade

 * Straight To I Roy Head
 * Channel One A Boy

 * The Crowning Of Prince Jammy
 * Life Is A Moment in Space
 * The Crowning Of Prince Jammy
 * Return Of Jammy's Hi-Fi

 * The Rough Guide to Dub
 * Chapter of Money

 * The Trojan Story Vol 1&2
 * Throne of Blood

 * Third World Disco Vol 1
 * Love Can Conquer

 * This Is Crucial Reggae Dub
 * Throne of Blood

 * Trojan 12" Box Set
 * You're No Good
 * Born Free

 * Trojan Dub Box Set Volume 2
 * Fist of Fury
 * Throne of Blood
 * Shaolin Temple

 * Under Me Sleng Teng Extravaganza
 * Sweet Teng

 * X-Ray Music
 * Step It Up in Dub
 * Dub There
 * The Champion Version
 * Dub Is My Occupation

Albums produced

 * Anthony Johnson – A Yah We Deh (1985)
 * Barry Brown – King Jammy Presents Barry Brown (1980)
 * Barry Brown – Showcase (1980)
 * Black Crucial – Mr. Sonny (1985)
 * Black Sounds Uhro – Love Crisis (1977)
 * Black Uhuru – Black Sounds of Freedom (1981)
 * Black Uhuru & Prince Jammy – Uhuru in Dub (1982)
 * Cocoa Tea – The Marshall (1985)
 * Dennis Brown – History (1985)
 * Dennis Brown – Slow Down (1985)
 * Errol Holt – Vision of Africa (1978)
 * Frankie Paul – Sara (1987)
 * Frankie Paul & Michael Palmer – Double Trouble (1985)
 * Half Pint – Money Man Skank (1984)
 * Half Pint – One in a Million (1984)
 * Kruxial Selecta- Long inna Time (1986)
 * Horace Andy – Haul And Jack Up (1987)
 * Hortense Ellis – Reflections (1979)
 * Hugh Mundell Featuring Lacksley Castell – Jah Fire (1980)
 * Johnny Osbourne – Folly Ranking (1980)
 * Johnny Osbourne – Mr Body Bye (198?)
 * Johnny Osbourne – Musical Chopper (1983)
 * Johnny Osbourne – Water Pumping (1983)
 * Jolly Brothers – Consciousness (1979)
 * Junior Reid – Boom Shack A Lack (1985)
 * King Tubby & Prince Jammy & Scientist – Dubwise Revolution (197?)
 * Leroy Smart – She Just A Draw Card (1982)
 * Leroy Smart – Showcase (1985)
 * Leroy Smart – We Rule Everytime (1985)
 * Little John – Clarks Booty (1985)
 * Michael Palmer – I'm So Attractive (1985)
 * Natural Vibes – Life Hard A Yard (1982)
 * Niccademos (Nicodemus) – Dance Hall Style (1982)
 * Noel Phillips – Youth Man Vibrations (1981)
 * Peter Yellow – Hot (1982)
 * Prince Jammy – Kamikazi Dub (1979)
 * Prince Jammy – Osbourne in Dub (1983)
 * Prince Jammy – Prince Jammy Destroys The Invaders (1982)
 * Prince Jammy – Strictly Dub (1981)
 * Prince Jammy & Various Artists – The Rhythm King (198?)
 * Sugar Minott – A Touch of Class (1985)
 * Sugar Minott – Bitter Sweet (1979)
 * Tonto Irie – Jammy's Possee (198?)
 * Travellers – Black Black Minds (1977)
 * U Black – Westbound Thing A Swing (1977)
 * U Brown – Mr Brown Something (1978)
 * U Brown vs Peter Yellow – DJ Confrontation (1982)
 * Various Artists – 10 To 1 (1985)
 * Various Artists – 1985 Master Mega Hits (1985)
 * Various Artists – 1985 Master Mega Hits Vol 2 (1985)
 * Various Artists – King Jammy – A Man And His Music Vol 1 (197?–8?)
 * Various Artists – King Jammy – A Man And His Music Vol 2 (198?)
 * Various Artists – King Jammy – A Man And His Music Vol 3 (198?)
 * Various Artists – King Jammy in Roots (197?–8?)
 * Various Artists – King Jammy's at Channel 1 (1977–79)
 * Various Artists – Prince Jammy Presents Vol 1 (1986)
 * Various Artists – Superstar Hit Parade (1986)
 * Various Artists – Under Me Sleng Teng Extravaganza (1985)
 * Wayne Smith (musician) – Smoker Super (1985)
 * Wayne Smith – Under Me Sleg Teng (1985)
 * Wayne Smith – Youthman Skanking (1982)
 * Ween – Friends EP (only track No. 4 "King Billy")

Albums engineered and/or mixed

 * Agrovators – Kaya Dub (19770
 * Alton Ellis – Many Moods of Alton Ellis (1978–80)
 * Alton Ellis & Heptones – Alton Ellis Sings, Heptones Harmonise (1978–80)
 * Augustus Pablo – El Rocker's (1972–75)
 * Augustus Pablo – Rockers Meets King Tubby in a Fire House (1980)
 * Augustus Pablo – Original Rockers (1972–75)
 * Barrington Levy – Englishman (1979)
 * Barrington Levy – Englishman – Robin Hood (1979–80)
 * Barry Brown – King Jammy Presents Barry Brown (1980)
 * Barry Brown – The Best of Barry Brown (197?)
 * Barry Brown Meets Cornell Campbell – Barry Brown Meets Cornell Campbell (197?)
 * Bim Sherman – Ghetto Dub (1988)
 * Bim Sherman Meets Horace Andy And U Black – In A Rub A Dub Style (1982)
 * Black Sounds Uhro – Love Crisis (1977)
 * Black Uhuru – Black Sounds of Freedom (1981)
 * Black Uhuru & Prince Jammy – Uhuru in Dub (1982)
 * Carl Harvey – Ecstasy of Mankind (1978)
 * Carlton Patterson & King Tubby – Psalms of Drums (197?)
 * Cornell Campbell – Boxing (1982)
 * Cornell Campbell – Follow Instructions (1983)
 * Cornell Campbell – Turn Back The Hands of Time (1977)
 * Creation Rebel – Close Encounters of the Third World (1978)
 * Crucial Bunny Vs Prince Jammy – Fat Man Dub Contest (1979)
 * DEB Music Players – 20th Century DEB-Wise (1978)
 * David Jahson – Natty Chase The Barber (1978)
 * Delroy Wilson – Go Away Dream (1982)
 * Dennis Brown – Slow Down (1985)
 * Dennis Brown Presents Prince Jammy – Umoja – 20th Century DEBwise (1978)
 * Dillinger – Cornbread (1978)
 * Earl "Chinna" Smith – Sticky Fingers (1977)
 * Eek A Mouse – Wa Do Dem (1981)
 * Frankie Paul & Michael Palmer – Double Trouble (1985)
 * Gregory Isaacs – Slum in Dub (1978)
 * Half Pint – One in a Million (1984)
 * Horace Andy – In The Light / In The Light Dub (1977)
 * Hortense Ellis – Jamaica's First Lady of Songs (1977)
 * Hugh Mundell Featuring Lacksley Castell – Jah Fire (1980)
 * I Roy – Can't Conquer Rasta (1976)
 * Jah Frankie Jones – Satta An Praise Jah (1977)
 * Jah Lloyd – Black Moses (1979)
 * Jah Stitch – Original Ragga Muffin (1975–77)
 * Johnny Clarke – Don't Stay Out Late (1977)
 * Johnny Clarke – Dread Natty Congo(1977)
 * Johnny Clarke – Sweet Conversation (1977)
 * Johnny Osbourne – Folly Ranking (1980)
 * Johnny Osbourne – Musical Chopper (1983)
 * Johnny Osbourne – Water Pumping (1983)
 * Junior Reid – Boom Shack A Lack (1985)
 * Keith Hudson – Rasta Communication (1978)
 * King Tubby – Dub Gone Crazy (1975–79)
 * King Tubby – Dub Like Dirt (1975–77)
 * King Tubby – Majestic Dub (197?)
 * King Tubby's and the Agrovators – Dubbing in the Back Yard (1982)
 * King Tubby & Aggrovators – Shalom Dub (1975)
 * King Tubby & Prince Jammy – Dub Gone 2 Crazy (1975–79)
 * King Tubby & Prince Jammy & Scientist – First, Second And Third Generation of Dub (1981)
 * Leroy Smart – Reggae Showcase Vol 1 (197?)
 * Leroy Smart – Superstar (1977)
 * Leroy Smart – Superstar (1976)
 * Linval Thompson & Wayne Jarrett & Ranking Trevor – Train To Zion Dub (1981)
 * Lord Sassafrass – Horse Man Connection (1982)
 * Michael Prophet – Serious Reasoning (1980)
 * Mikey Dread – African Anthem (1979)
 * Mikey Dread – Dread at the Controls (1979)
 * Mother Liza With Kojak – Chant Down Babylon (198?)
 * Noel Phillips – Youth Man Vibrations (1981)
 * Paragons – Heaven & Earth (197?)
 * Paragons – Now (1982)
 * Pat Kelly – One Man Stand (1979)
 * Peter Yellow – Hot (1982)
 * Prince Far I – Cry Tuff Dub Encounter II (1979)
 * Prince Hammer – World War Dub Part 1 (1979)
 * Prince Jammy – Dub Culture (1983]
 * Prince Jammy – Fatman vrs. Shaka in a Dub Conference (1980)
 * Prince Jammy – Kamikazi Dub (1979)
 * Prince Jammy – Prince Jammy Destroys The Invaders (1982)
 * Prince Jammy – Strictly Dub (1981)
 * Revolutionaries – Goldmine Dub (1979)
 * Rockers All Stars – Chanting Dub with the Help of the Father (1978)
 * Rod Taylor – Ethiopians Kings (1975–80)
 * Scientist – Heavy Metal Dub (1982)
 * Sly & Robbie – Raiders of the Lost Dub (1981)
 * Sly and the Revolutionaries With Jah Thomas – Black Ash Dub (1980)
 * Sugar Minott – Bitter Sweet (1979)
 * Sugar Minott – Black Roots (1980)
 * Sugar Minott – Ghetto-ology (1979)
 * Tappa Zukie – Escape From Hell (1977)
 * Tappa Zukie – Tapper Roots (1978)
 * The Agrovators – Jammies in Lion Dub Style (1978)
 * The Rass-es Band & Prince Jammy – Harder Na Rass (1979)
 * Tommy McCook – Blazing Horns – Tenor in Roots (1976–78)
 * Tommy McCook & Bobby Ellis – Blazing Horns (1977)
 * Travellers – Black Black Minds (1977)
 * Trinity – Dreadlocks Satisfaction (1978)
 * U Brown – Mr Brown Something (1978)
 * Uniques – Showcase (1978)
 * Various Artists – Superstar Hit Parade (1986)
 * Wayne Smith – Smoker Super (1985)
 * Wayne Smith – Youthman Skanking (1982)
 * Ween – Friends EP (only track No. 4 "King Billy")
 * Yabby U – Jah Jah Way (1980)
 * Yabby You – Beware (1978)
 * Yabby You – Dub It to the Top (1976–79)
 * Yabby You & Various Artists – Jesus Dread (1972–77)

As an arranger

 * Black Crucial – Mr. Sonny (1985)
 * Black Sounds Uhro – Love Crisis (1977)
 * Dennis Brown – History (1985)
 * Dennis Brown – Slow Down (1985)
 * Johnny Osbourne – Folly Ranking (1980)
 * Noel Phillips – Youth Man Vibrations (1981)
 * The Agrovators – Jammies in Lion Dub Style (1978)

As a percussionist

 * Dennis Brown – Slow Down (1985)
 * Johnny Osbourne – Water Pumping (1983)

title: King Jammy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Eirik Lundestad

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 08:31, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Eirik Lundestad
Delete Not notable...no Google relevant links for Eirik or Nordsia Massacre, looks like something that should go in Eirik's resume and not the Wikipedia. Srcrowl 09:34, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This debate is old and not relevant
 * Delete: A 23 year old doctor. Vanity/CV. Geogre 12:55, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fails to pass WP:BIO guidelines. Also, the Nordsia Massacre looks like a hoax. Sarg 14:30, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Mugu keep offff. Stupid homos dont kno tru playas.--64.229.92.23 01:25, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Note that this anon account has voted seemingly nonsensical keep votes at a variety of VFDs, as seen at Special:Contributions/64.229.92.23. Sarg 12:06, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The event for which he received the cross took place some years ago. It is well described in the local newspaper www.an.no if you search for "nordsia" in the papers search engine.
 * Keep I am from Norway, and I know of the Nordsia Massacre, where two people died. Eirik Lundestad is somewhat of a local hero up here.
 * Delete - nonentity linked to non-existent event - Skysmith 10:30, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Well I'm Eirik Lundestad and I can tell you that this is a practical joke arranged my some of my friends. So this should be deleted :)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User talk:Beevee~enwiki

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
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 * Wikiquette

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Beevee. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Beevee~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:32, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:57, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Beevee~enwiki


text:
Talk:Giovanni Gronchi

Untitled
This is a beginner's self-tutorial effort to write a "good" article on a simple topic. Comments welcome. Mario 15:28, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Rating
This is a low B article. More specific citations would help as would addition of more detailed information throughout. ludahai 魯大海 05:07, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Avenida Giovanni Gronchi
Maybe it should be added that one of the most important streets of São Paulo, Brazil, was named after him? While not being important, I personally find it interesting.

ByzantineCaesar (talk) 18:01, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Giovanni Gronchi


text:
User talk:Janitscharen

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

title: User talk:Janitscharen


text:
User talk:Srcrowl

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Mgm|(talk) 09:37, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

File permission problem with File:82nd Airborne Div General Staff - England - Spring, 1944.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:82nd Airborne Div General Staff - England - Spring, 1944.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file has agreed to release it under the given license.

If you are the copyright holder for this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to permissions-en@wikimedia.org, stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to permissions-en@wikimedia.org.

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as non-free fair use or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read the Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kelly hi! 07:36, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

File:Col Ralph "Doc" Eaton 82nd Airborne Division Chief of Staff.jpg listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Col Ralph &, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Kelly hi! 13:11, 22 June 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Srcrowl


text:
User talk:SomPost

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:OberonScreen.PNG
Thank you for uploading Image:OberonScreen.PNG. However, there is a concern that the rationale provided for using this image under "fair use" may not meet the criteria required by Non-free content. This can be corrected by going to the image description page and add or clarify the reason why the image qualifies for fair use. Adding and completing one of the templates available from Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy. Please be aware that a fair use rationale is not the same as an image copyright tag; descriptions for images used under the fair use policy require both a copyright tag and a fair use rationale.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it might be deleted by adminstrator within a few days in accordance with our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 14:08, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:SomPost


text: File:Rhapsody power of the dragonflame.jpg


text:
Territorial designation

In the United Kingdom, a territorial designation follows modern peerage titles, linking them to a specific place or places. It is also an integral part of all baronetcies. Within Scotland, a territorial designation proclaims a relationship with a particular area of land.

English and British peerages
A territorial designation is an aspect of the creation of modern peerages that links them to a specific place or places, at least one of which is almost always in the United Kingdom. It is given in the patent of creation after the actual peerage title itself, of which it is not considered a part.

Life peerages
With the exception of royal peerages, which are often created without them, territorial designations are used with the creation of almost all baronies and viscountcies. For instance, the life peerage conferred (in 1992) on the former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was created as:"Baroness Thatcher, of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire."The life peerage for former Prime Minister James Callaghan (in 1987) was created as:"Baron Callaghan of Cardiff,  of the City of Cardiff in the County of South Glamorgan."The part of the peerage before the comma is the actual title, and the part after the comma is the territorial designation. These peers should therefore be referred to as "The Baroness Thatcher" and "The Baron Callaghan of Cardiff": it is incorrect both to use part of the territorial designation as part of the title and to leave out part of the actual title; thus The Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven and The Lord Callaghan are incorrect, although the latter may be used informally.

The place of the comma can be particularly important when dealing with peers with the same names. For instance, Baron Sainsbury refers to Alan Sainsbury who was Baron Sainsbury, of Drury Lane in the Borough of Holborn (created in 1962). This life peerage of Baron Sainsbury had been created and anyone else wanting to use this title would need to add a territorial designation in order to create a different peerage. Hence his son, John Sainsbury, was created (in 1989) as Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover, of Preston Candover in the County of Hampshire, while his nephew, David Sainsbury, was created (in 1997) as Baron Sainsbury of Turville, of Turville in the County of Buckinghamshire.

Hence the distinction needs to be made between different peers with similar or the same surnames so that there can be no confusion. This can be especially important if peers with similar names sit in the House of Lords at the same time, as seen in the distinction made between Baron Hunt (1966–98), Baron Hunt of Fawley (1973–87), Baron Hunt of Tanworth (1980-2008), Baron Hunt of Wirral (created in 1997), Baron Hunt of Kings Heath (created in 1997), and Baron Hunt of Chesterton (created in 2000).

Baronies and viscountcies
Until the 19th century, it was possible to create a different peerage title merely by altering the location of the comma. Thus the title Baron Stanley,  of Bickerstaffe in the County Palatine of Lancaster (created in 1832) differs in format from Baron Stanley of Alderley ,  in the County of Chester (created in 1839) only by the placement of the comma. The former title is Baron Stanley whilst the latter is Baron Stanley of Alderley.

However, this format is now no longer used: if a peerage title in the format "Baron Surname of Place" is wanted, the full territorial designation must be used. Thus if the Barony of Stanley of Alderley were created today, it would be created as Baron Stanley of Alderley, of Alderley in the County of Chester. This dual usage of the same term in the title and in the territorial designation may appear peculiar, but is a regular occurrence, with one recent example being Adair Turner, who was (in 2005) created Baron Turner of Ecchinswell, of Ecchinswell in the County of Hampshire. Though this dual usage (or repetition) in both title and territorial designation is not a requirement to create a title in the form of "Baron Surname of Place" as illustrated in the example of Gerry Grimstone who was created (in 2020) as Baron Grimstone of Boscobel, of Belgravia in the City of Westminster.

Earldoms, marquessates and dukedoms
Creations of the higher ranks of the peerage (earl, marquess and duke) often used to include territorial designations, but this has varied and such creations now rarely do. For example: the Duke of Wellington, in the County of Somerset (created in 1814) and the Duke of Gordon, of Gordon Castle in Scotland (created in 1876) were created with territorial designations but the Duke of Fife (created in 1899) was not.

The Marquess of Cholmondeley, in the County Palatine of Chester (created in 1815) and Marquess of Ailsa, of the Isle of Ailsa in the County of Ayr (created in 1831) were accorded territorial designations but the Marquess of Zetland (created in 1892) was not. Likewise, the Earl of Craven, in the County of York (created in 1801) and the Earl Nelson, of Trafalgar and of Merton in the County of Surrey (created in 1805) differ in this respect to the Earl of Stockton (created in 1984).

Multiple designations
Some territorial designations name more than one place, and the format used depends on whether such places are in the same county or other administrative division. For instance, the life peerage conferred on Margaret McDonagh was created (in 2004) as Baroness McDonagh, of Mitcham and of Morden in the London Borough of Merton.

The life peerage conferred on John Morris was created (in 2001) as Baron Morris of Aberavon, of Aberavon in the County of West Glamorgan and of Ceredigion in the County of Dyfed. This also extends to naming two places, such as in the life peerage conferred on William McCrea who was created (in 2018) as Baron McCrea of Magherafelt and Cookstown, of Magherafelt in the County of Londonderry and of Cookstown in the County of Tyrone.

Overseas and victory designations
Occasionally, a place outside the United Kingdom can be named. For instance, the life peerage conferred on Howard Florey was created (in 1965) as Baron Florey, of Adelaide in the Commonwealth of Australia and of Marston in the County of Oxford; and that conferred on Sue Ryder was created (in 1979) as Baroness Ryder of Warsaw, of Warsaw in Poland and of Cavendish in the County of Suffolk. Another, more recent example is the life peerage conferred on Martha Osamor was created (in 2018) as Baroness Osamor, of Tottenham in the London Borough of Haringey and of Asaba in the Republic of Nigeria.

In the case of a victory title, at least one term usually refers to the site of the grantee's triumph, usually outside the United Kingdom. For example, the famous admiral Horatio Nelson was created (in 1801) as Viscount Nelson, of the Nile and of Burnham Thorpe in the County of Norfolk, the Nile being the site of his victory against the French in the Battle of the Nile, and Burnham Thorpe being his place of birth.

English and British baronetcies
Provision of a territorial designation is also an integral part of all baronetcies.

Scotland
Recognition of a territorial designation may also be granted in Scotland by the Lord Lyon to Scottish armigers who own (or were born in or were associated with) named land, generally outside a town (i.e. a rural location). The Lord Lyon advises that for a territorial designation to be recognised, there must be 'ownership of a substantial area of land to which a well-attested name attaches, that is to say, ownership of an “estate”, or farm or, at the very least, a house with policies extending to five acres or thereby'. The territorial designation in this case is considered to be an indivisible part of the name, though not necessarily an indicator of ancestral or feudal nobility, though recognition of a territorial designation is usually accorded alongside the grant or matriculation of a coat of arms, which confers minor nobility status.

A person bearing a Scottish territorial designation is either a baron, chief or chieftain or a laird, the latter denoting 'landowner', or is a descendant of one of the same. The Lord Lyon is the ultimate arbiter as to determining entitlement to a territorial designation, and his right of discretion in recognising these, and their status as a name, dignity or title, has been confirmed in the Scottish courts.

According to Debrett's and other references,   a John Smith of Abercrombie is addressed as simply Abercrombie. If he is a clan chief, he may be addressed by either the place name or the surname of his clan.

title: Territorial designation


text:
User talk:Mario Ferretti

Welcome!

'''Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:'''

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
 * What Wikipedia is not
 * Wikiquette

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. And, the most important thing: Have fun! Sarg (Talk)

Arms of Pope Pius IX
Hello!! I saw your message on my talk page. Although I recently started my collaborations on the Pope articles, I must say taht I haven't quite made any research regarding Pope Pius IX, since my interest is only since the papacy of Pope Leo XIII. However, I can give you the page where I found the coat of arms of each pope, it is this site. There is a description of the coat of arms but it is in italian :S Hope it helps you!! Contact me if you need anything else. <> 21:53, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

VfD pollution
Ril enlisted Persecution by Muslims for VfD again, just 24 hours after the article withstood the first VfD. You might be interested to watch it. --Germen (Talk | Contribs ) 10:31, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

Images
Thanks for uploading Image:Monopsony1.png. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images (on my talk page) and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, BrokenSegue 14:14, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If you want to give up all rights to the picture you can add to the image page to show that want to release the image to the public domain. The Wikipedia standard copyright is the GFDL which reserves more rights for you (use  ). You can select the copyright that suits you best at WP:ICT (or you can just use the PD). No matter what you choose be sure to indicate that you made these pictures on all of them so we know that you are allowed to place the image under that license. This must be done for all images on wikipedia (user made or not) or else they must eventually be deleted. These diagrams are quite well made and descriptive, it'd be a shame to lose them. No inconvenience at all, I do this all the time. This link is Broken 23:07, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

RfA nomination
Hi! I have recently been nominated for adminship here in wikipedia. I would be honored if you participated in the voting! Thank you!<> 00:15, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

vote here!

transformation problem
You seem to have written most of the Marxian transformation problem article. I'm wondering if you'd be interested in updating it and/or explaining why it doesn't need to be. See my entry on the talk page there for details...
 * DKalkin

Dear DKalkin, I'am sorry I only saw your enquiry just now and so did not reply earlier. It seems to me that your statement of Sraffa's "assumptions" reveals a rather basic misunderstanding. As far as I know, it is a generally accepted fact among economists that Sraffa's work, being static, has formally nothing to do with the determination of prices in the historical or causal sense. It is just a set of (timeless) conditions that prices must satisfy at any given point of time to be the "natural" prices Smith and Ricardo were talking about. Looked at this way, there is clearly no question of either "fundamental givens" or "simultaneity" of things. Nevertheless, it may well be that some non-expert author has "interpreted" (or reinvented) Sraffa in the dynamic way you say, and/or maintained that Marx's production prices are not basically the same things as Ricardo's natural prices, or whatever. These would be classic "tiny minority" points of view, rather like flat-earth theories, Although the official Wiki policy on NPOV intimates that all such theories should be ignored, I would of course have no objection to their proper mention within the article. However, I just happen to have no personal knowledge of such extreme oddities, nor much interest in them, and so I'm clearly not the right person to do it. Yours Mario 15:06, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Ok. At this point, I don't recall enough of the details of what I was talking about to argue about it.  As I said, I'm no expert.  And the author I linked is, in fact, mentioned as a "credible Marxist" or some such in the article... presumably really interested persons could look up his work. DKalkin

David Ricardo and Iron law of wages
Hi, There seems to be a very, very widespread rumor that Ricardo adhered to a Subsistence theory of wages. I have come across this idea propounded in the Wikipedia articles David Ricardo and Iron law of wages. In the course of websearching for the original source of this myth, I noticed that you made a fine correction to Subsistence theory of wages. Do you happen to know of any good academic papers which debunk this myth? Or even reputable sources which discuss it as a myth? I'm concerned that popular mythology will only die a stubborn death. --BostonMA 01:56, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mario Ferretti


text:
Talk:Surf (detergent)

Comments
Bold textis surf environmental friendly? what are its active ingredients?

== Surf history ==Bold textSURF ROCKSSSS!!!!!![http://www.'''

Latin America
'''

in Chile is named OMO and in Argentina is ALA

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 14:51, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Discontinued?
Was Surf discontinued? It's been over a year since I've seen it at my local Ralphs, and now it's no longer at Walmart either. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.67.35.214 (talk) 16:10, 12 July 2008 (UTC)

Surf Excel Matic
helpme I had written an article on Surf Excel Matic and has been redirected to the Surf Article, would like to know and get the permission to put the content i have on the page along with relevant links. Kindly advise/consider. Nellerism (talk) 13:37, 12 December 2011 (UTC)

Redirecting Omo to Surf is upside-down
The body of the article states quite clearly the Unilver's main detergent brand in most markets is Omo, not Surf. The article should therefore be Omo (detergent), and Surf (detergent) should redirect there.

The intro needs to be rewritten. As is stands, it is a haphazard list of markets and brand names; this should be reorganized as a list at the end of the article, and the intro should have a much clearer history of What brands were introduced when, together with (if possible) details on major regional markets (Europe, US, Latin America, Asia, Australia/NZ). I don't know enough about the topic to help with ther rwrite, moreover, reading the artcile did not materially increase my knowledge.

One thing is sure: to tag either Surf or Omo as Food or Drink is just plain wrong. Just try to mix Omo and water and take a drink!

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Poflaatten (talk • contribs) 16:03, 25 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Surf (detergent)