text:
Eschweiler–Clarke reaction

The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction (also called the Eschweiler–Clarke methylation) is a chemical reaction whereby a primary (or secondary) amine is methylated using excess formic acid and formaldehyde. Reductive amination reactions such as this one will not produce quaternary ammonium salts, but instead will stop at the tertiary amine stage. It is named for the German chemist Wilhelm Eschweiler (1860–1936) and the British chemist Hans Thacher Clarke (1887–1972).

Mechanism
The reaction is generally performed in an aqueous solution at close to boiling. The first methylation of the amine begins with imine formation with formaldehyde. The formic acid acts as a source of hydride and reduces the imine to a secondary amine. Loss of carbon dioxide gas renders the reaction irreversible. Despite being more hindered, the formation of the tertiary amine is more favorable, as the intermediate in iminium ion is formed without needing to protonate. Hence the treatment of a primary amine with less than 2 equivalents of formaldehyde will give more tertiary than secondary amine, along with unreacted starting material.

From this mechanism it is clear that a quaternary ammonium salt will never form, because it is impossible for a tertiary amine to form another imine or iminium ion.

Chiral amines typically do not racemize under these conditions.

Altered versions of this reaction replace formic acid with sodium cyanoborohydride.

title: Eschweiler–Clarke reaction


text:
František Koláček

František Koláček (9 October 1851, Slavkov u Brna, Moravia – 8 December 1913, Prague) was a Czech physicist.

Koláček studied at the German gymnasium in Brno (finished in 1868), then at the technical universities in Prague and Vienna. At the Charles University in Prague, under guidance of Ernst Mach, he obtained the doctoral decree in 1877. He worked as a teacher at the gymnasium in Brno (1 year) and then in Prague (18 years). Only in 1891 was he named professor of mathematical physics at Charles university. During 1900 - 1902 he worked as a professor at the university in Brno but then returned to Prague.

Koláček worked in the fields of hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, optics and electromagnetic theory of light. He was the first one to describe the electromagnetic theory of light dispersion.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: František Koláček


text:
Talk:31st G8 summit

Security
There is mention of there being "possibly" 2000 US Marines at the event. I was there. There weren't. I've no doubt that there were Marines there but not 2000.

Why is Bush's bike accident considered worthy of inclusion into an encyclopedia entry?

 * Perhaps we should mention how the London bombing may divert attention from African aid to terrorism?

 * The article is good NPOV but the large number of activist sites werte not, as this is an article about the G8 summit, not about the protests against it. Put them elsewhere but not here, SqueakBox 21:19, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * You can't consider a G8 summit outside of the context of the protests it sparks.
 * I agree. Make sure the coverage on the protests is balanced, but it definitely needs to be there. --Taramul July 9, 2005 17:35 (UTC)

I added a reference (link) for the paragraph which starts with the "700 people arrested" claim. NB: I discovered the wikipedia text is very close to linked article's text. I don't know if this is a cause for concern. Lambda kid (talk) 16:24, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

Global Warming
Call me stupid (actually no, please don't), but where's the proof for this?

the US position of refusing to recognize the existence of global warming

I've heard about it before, but I want actual proof. --Thorns Among Our Leaves 7 July 2005 17:00 (UTC)

 * Until someone cites a source, that is probably a bit extreme. But the US position still doesn't seem to see it as a major issue, since Bush still doesn't appear to want to tackle it.  There was apparently some disagreement on it between Bush and Blair this morning. Sonic Mew July 7, 2005 19:59 (UTC)

 * I don't see what we could do about global warming. The Earth has been warmer and colder in the past, and I really doubt that there is anything mankind can do to change it. Let's not forget that there was a large ice sheet thousands of years ago that covered much of Canada and the United States. Also, evidence shows that we are currently in an interglacial, where the Earth warms up before another period of glaciation. ~ BRO-co03 July 8, 2005 00:30 (UTC)
 * Not the place for this discussion. But see eg Ruddiman in global warming - arguing that we would be in an ice age again if it hadn't been for the invention of agriculture. Rd232 8 July 2005 06:28 (UTC)
 * It is true that earth keeps warming up and growing colder periodically, however I doubt the rate at which we're currently warming up can be considered normal, and even IF the major reason for the warming are natural cycles, we still should do our best to not push that process, don't you think? --Taramul July 9, 2005 15:34 (UTC)
 * I just don't think mankind can do much to change it. I believe if we try to do so it would cost too much and do too little. ~ BRO-co03 July 9, 2005 18:20 (UTC)

Blair's Speech
Blair just gave a speech announcing they'd reach a deal on helping Africa. Can someone add the jist of it into the article? He basically said that he'd had to compromise some stuff but got the bulk of what's needed. America's supposedly "shown interest" in combating global warming by switching to modern technologies at some point in the future or something, so in other words absolutely nothing was achieved on the global warming front. --80.4.224.5 8 July 2005 11:45 (UTC)

31st?
Should this be called the 31st G8 summit? The group certainly haven't met as the 'G8' 31 times, so the name is slightly misleading.
 * I've been pondering this for a while. The other option is to name them by year,  so 2005 G8 summit.  So instead of 23rd G7 summit leading to 24th G8 summit, which is what the current system implies, it would be 1997 G7 summit to 1998 G8 summit.  Anyone have a preference? There's also the issue that the article covers the ministerial meetings and other activities before the actual summit.  Maybe G8 in 2005 would be more accurate?  -   BanyanTree 8 July 2005 19:11 (UTC)
 * The year in which the summit commenced should be part of the title. The summit deals with contemporary issues, thus is is logical to include the year in the title, so the meeting can be put into the correct context at a glance. It is less important to know that it was the 31st of its kind than that it happened in 2005 and dealed with issues of this time. I suggest to rename it 2005 G8 summit. That also deals with the fact that it wasn't called the G8 during all its summits. --Taramul July 9, 2005 15:32 (UTC)
 * Note - I created a redirect to this article, that should fix the issue for the moment. --Taramul July 9, 2005 17:54 (UTC)

africa debt
is there somehting missing? was the african debt forgiven or not?

Democracy?
What is "democracy" in Africa? We're going to give them ballot cards instead of food? Can they make the ballot cards edible? -- brian0918 ™   04:03, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course! All ballots are edible, you should know that. Check out the Edible Ballot Society

First day?
The first paragraph says " The summit was overshadowed, however, by bomb attacks in London on the first day of the conference." But the London bombings were on July 7, the SECOND day. Doidimais Brasil 03:10, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * it was the first full day - they met on the evening of the 6th for a dinner. Rd232 17:00, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Photograph
I am not at all convinced this is Edinburgh. The police are not wearing Lothian and Borders uniform, the police van on the right say the name of the force at the top and does not look like L+B, and the man on the front right is holding a mic of TFM...
 * I'm pretty sure it is Edinburgh; I recognize the location on Princes Street, and if you look at the full size picture, you can just about make out "Edinburgh" on the purple banner on the streetlamp. The police are from the Greater Manchester force, but there were forces from all over the North of England involved in policing the summit, so that's consistent with it being a picture from Edinburgh. The TFM microphone is a bit surprising, but they did broadcast the Live 8 concert, and publicly supported "Make Poverty History," so it's not at all impossible they had a reporter in Edinburgh . VoluntarySlave 05:55, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that. It was the English hardhats that the police were wearing that got me thinking.

Movie
Here is a movie about the summit by the camcorder guerilla's: http://www.camcorderguerillas.net/g8_dowload.htm --Codegrinder 13:47, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:20050708-173.jpg
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EU participation
There is a slow-motion edit war about one aspect of 31st G8 summit.

Beginning with the 3rd G7 summit in London in 1977, the President of the European Commission or his successor President of the European Union has been a formal participant in successive annual events -- see  In each article about G7/G8 summits, Lucie-Marie has deleted text about EU participation. These serial reverts ignored hyperlinks in the supporting inline citations which were also deleted. Despite attempts to engage discussion here, no consensus has been achieved. Her opinions here have merit, but they remain only opinions. No cited source supports these reverts. Our core policies require something different. WP:V seems relevant because "the threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth — whether readers can check that material added to Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source, not whether editors think it is true."

 * Group of Seven or G7+1

 * 1977 3rd G7 summit, London
 * '07 revert
 * '08 revert
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 * 1978 4th G7 summit, Bonn
 * '07 revert
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 * 1979 5th G7 summit, Tokyo
 * '07 revert,
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 * 1980 6th G7 summit, Venice
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 * 1981 7th G7 summit, Montebello
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 * 1982 8th G7 summit, Versailles
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 * 1983 9th G7 summit, Williamsburg
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 * 1984 10th G7 summit, London
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 * 1985 11th G7 summit, Bonn
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 * 1986 12th G7 summit, Tokyo
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 * 1987 13th G7 summit, Venice
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 * 1988 14th G7 summit, Toronto
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 * 1989 15th G7 summit, Grande Arche
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 * 1990 16th G7 summit, Houston
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 * 1991 17th G7 summit, London
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 * 1992 18th G7 summit, Munich
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 * 1993 19th G7 summit, Tokyo
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 * 1994 20th G7 summit, Naples
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 * 1995 21st G7 summit, Halifax
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 * 1996 22nd G7 summit, Lyon
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 * Group of Eight or G8+1

 * 1997 23rd G8 summit, Denver
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 * 1998 24th G8 summit, Birmingham
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 * 1999 25th G8 summit, Cologne
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 * 2000 26th G8 summit, Okinawa
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 * 2001 27th G8 summit, Genoa
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 * 2002 28th G8 summit, Kananaskis
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 * 2003 29th G8 summit, Évian-les-Bains
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 * 2004 30th G8 summit, Sea Island
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 * 2005 31st G8 summit, Gleneagles
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 * 2006 32nd G8 summit, Saint Petersburg
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 * 2007 33rd G8 summit, Heiligendamm
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 * 2008 34th G8 summit, Tokyo
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 * 2009 35th G8 summit, L'Aquila, Abruzzo
 * '08 revert
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 * 2010 36th G8 summit, Huntsville
 * '08 revert
 * '09 revert ↔ + inline citation support

 * 2011 37th G8 summit, France
 * '09 revert + inline citation support

 * 2012 38th G8 summit, US?

A slow-motion edit war is worrisome; but discussion can be constructive -- see Muskoka 2010: G8 members

The edit history of 36th G8 summit records an unhelpful pattern:
 * 1) diff 17:40, 9 July 2008 Lucy-marie (6,628 bytes) (→Composition of summit leaders)
 * 2) diff 16:48, 20 July 2008 Lucy-marie (10,987 bytes) (→Leaders at the summit: EU is invited and could be left off the invite list so it is not a oermenet member)
 * 3) diff 21:54, 10 April 2009 Lucy-marie m (24,339 bytes) (→Leaders at the summit)
 * 4) diff 19 March 2010 JLogan (24,837 bytes) (EU is a permanent participant, not merely a guest. check the main page)

The same pattern is seen at 37th G8 summit:
 * 1) diff  21:54, 10 April 2009 Lucy-marie m (12,394 bytes) (→Leaders at the summit)
 * 2) diff 09:28, 19 March 2010 JLogan (12,628 bytes) (→Leaders at the summit: EU is permanent participant, not just a guest)

This thread may help resolve the issues, or it may help bring clearer focus. --Tenmei (talk) 02:24, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

4 July – Carnival for Full Enjoyment, roving anticapitalist street parties
this is a bit biased. I was at work on Pricess St edinburgh it was basically a riot. Stupidstudent (talk) 17:05, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.forbes.com/opinions/2008/07/05/problems-unity-progress-oped-cx_af_summit08_0707feldman.html
 * In G8 on 2011-03-19 16:30:21, 404 Not Found
 * In 31st G8 summit on 2011-06-19 06:31:40, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 06:32, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:31st G8 summit


text:
Universidad del Pacífico (Peru)

Universidad del Pacifico (UP) is a private university in the Jesús María District of Lima, Peru.

It was established in 1962 by a group of Peruvian entrepreneurs supported by the Society of Jesus. Ranked as the most prestigious higher education institution in its fields of specialization in Peru (especially in economics), it's also one of the leading institutions of its kind in Latin American and is the first Peruvian university to be AACSB accredited in both undergraduate and graduate degree programs. It's also AMBA accredited.

Administration
The Society of Jesus co-founded the university and made the administrative and academic decisions necessary to establish it. Jesuits continue to make strategic decisions for UP, which is a member of the Association of Universities Entrusted to the Society of Jesus in Latin America – twenty-eight universities in fifteen countries of Latin America. The Society of Jesus together with the Board ensures compliance with principles behind the Universidad del Pacifico statutes.

Academics
The university specializes in Business Management and Economics. At the undergraduate level, UP started off by offering bachelor's degrees in Economics, Business Administration and Accounting. In 2008, it became the first university in Peru to offer a management Engineering degree. That same year, Law was added to its degree programs. In 2011 two new departments were opened, International Business and Marketing. At the graduate level, it offers a Master of Business Administration, a Master of Finance and a Master of Economics. In August 2011, the university as well as its Post-Graduate school received the AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate School of Business) accreditation. The graduate school is called now the Pacìfico Business School.

UP has approximately 5000 students enrolled. The academic year at the undergraduate level consists of two semesters, from late-March to July and mid-August to mid-December, with a 3 to 4 week break between. At the graduate level the academic year consists of three terms: January–April, May–August, and September–December. UP cooperates with other agencies to provide service-learning courses.

Research projects
The university, through the Research Center of the university (Centro de Investigación de la Universidad del Pacífico or CIUP, for short), conducts large-scale research projects within Peru and at the Latin American level, in matters of economic theory and trade, public policy, fiscal policy, environmental issues, human development, civil society, philanthropy, and SMEs development. Some of these are funded by the Kellogg Foundation, the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and other regional development agencies.

Notable alumni

 * Mercedes Aráoz – Former Peruvian Minister of Economy and Finance and ex-Prime Minister. Elected 2nd Vice President of Peru.
 * Martín Pérez Monteverde – Peruvian politician.
 * Hernán Garrido Lecca – Peruvian economist and politician.
 * Renzo Rossini – Former general manager of the BCRP.
 * Eduardo Torres-Llosa – General manager of the BCRP.
 * Diego Macera Poli – Director of the BCRP.
 * Germán Alarco Tosoni – Director of the BCRP.
 * Raúl Diez Canseco Terry – Peruvian politician and economist.
 * Julio Velarde Flores – President of the BCRP.
 * Susana de la Puente Wiese – Ambassador from the Republic of Peru to the Court of St. James's.
 * Raimundo Morales Dasso – Vice-chairman of Credicorp Ltd. and ex-CEO of Banco de Crédito del Perú.
 * Walter Bayly – Former CEO of Credicorp Ltd. and ex-CEO of Banco de Crédito del Perú.
 * Gianfranco Ferrari de las Casas – CEO of Credicorp Ltd. and ex-CEO of Banco de Crédito del Perú.
 * Fernando Zavala Lombardi – Former Peruvian Minister of Economy and Finance, ex-Prime Minister and CEO of Intercorp.
 * Jorge González Izquierdo – Former Peruvian Minister of Labor and Promotion of Employment.
 * Carlos Boloña Behr – Politician and president of the Free Trade Institute (IELM).
 * Fernando Olivera Vega – Politician, ex-ambassador to Spain and former congressman.
 * Eduardo Ferreyros Küppers – Politician, ex-minister of external commerce and tourism.
 * María Antonieta Alva – Former Peruvian Minister of Economy and Finance.
 * Claudia Cooper – Former Peruvian Minister of Economy and Finance.
 * Carlos Oliva – Former Peruvian Minister of Economy and Finance and Director of the BCRP.
 * Gustavo Meza-Cuadra Velásquez – Former Peruvian Minister of Foreign Affairs, ex-permanent representative to the United Nations and Director of the Academia Diplomática del Perú Javier Perez de Cuellar.
 * Elsa Galarza – Former Peruvian Minister of Environment.

title: Universidad del Pacífico (Peru)


text:
Antiprotonic helium

Antiprotonic helium is a three-body atom composed of an antiproton and an electron orbiting around a helium nucleus. It is thus made partly of matter, and partly of antimatter. The atom is electrically neutral, since an electron and an antiproton each have a charge of −1 e, whereas a helium nucleus has a charge of +2 e. It has the longest lifetime of any experimentally produced matter–antimatter bound state.

Production
These exotic atoms can be produced by simply mixing antiprotons with ordinary helium gas; the antiproton spontaneously displaces one of the two electrons contained in a normal helium atom in a chemical reaction, and then begins to orbit the helium nucleus in the electron's place. This will happen in the case of approximately 3% of the antiprotons introduced to the helium gas. The antiproton's orbit, which has a large principal quantum number and angular momentum quantum number of around 38, lies far away from the surface of the helium nucleus. The antiproton can thus orbit the nucleus for tens of microseconds, before finally falling to its surface and annihilating. This contrasts with other types of exotic atoms of the form Antiproton X$+$, which typically decay within picoseconds.

Laser spectroscopy
Antiprotonic helium atoms are under study by the ASACUSA experiment at CERN. In these experiments, the atoms are first produced by stopping a beam of antiprotons in helium gas. The atoms are then irradiated by powerful laser beams, which cause the antiprotons in them to resonate and jump from one atomic orbit to another.

As in spectroscopy of other bound states, Doppler broadening and other effects present challenges to precision. Researchers use a variety of techniques to obtain accurate results. One way to exceed Doppler-limited precision is two-photon spectroscopy. The ASACUSA Collaboration has studied Antiproton $3$He$+$ and Antiproton $4$He$+$ atoms with the Antiproton occupying a high Rydberg state with large principal and orbital quantum numbers, $$n \sim l + 1 \sim$$ 38 using 2-photon spectroscopy. Counterpropagating Ti:Sapphire lasers with pulses of duration 30−100 ns excited nonlinear 2-photon transitions in the deep UV, including spectral lines of wavelengths, $$\lambda =$$ 139.8, 193.0 and 197.0 nm. These lines correspond to transitions between states of the form $$(n, l) \rightarrow (n-2, l-2)$$. Such transitions are improbable. However, the probability is increased by a factor of $$ when the laser frequencies sum to within 10 GHz of an intermediate state $$(n-1, l-1)$$. States were selected pairwise such that Auger emission to Antiproton He$2+$ and rapid annihilation produced a detectable Čerenkov signal. The reduced Doppler shift resulted in narrower spectral lines accurate to between 2.3 and 5 ppb. Comparison of the results with three-body quantum electrodynamics calculations made possible a determination of the antiproton to electron mass ratio of $1,836.153$.

In 2022 ASACUSA found unexpected narrowing of antiprotonic helium spectral lines.

Measurement of the mass ratio between the antiproton and electron
By measuring the particular frequency of the laser light needed to resonate the atom, the ASACUSA experiment determined the mass of the antiproton, which they measured at $1,836.154$ times more massive than an electron. This is the same as the mass of a "regular" proton, within the level of certainty of the experiment. This is a confirmation of a fundamental symmetry of nature called CPT (short for charge, parity, and time reversal). This law says that all physical laws would remain unchanged under simultaneous reversal of the charge axis, parity of the space axes, and the orientation of the time axis. One important prediction of this theory is that particles and their antiparticles should have exactly the same mass.

Comparison of antiproton and proton masses and charges
By comparing the above results on laser spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium with separate high-precision measurements of the antiproton's cyclotron frequency carried out by the ATRAP and BASE collaborations at CERN, the mass and electric charge of the antiproton can be precisely compared with the proton values. The most recent such measurements show that the antiproton's mass (and the absolute value of the charge) is the same as the proton's to a precision of 0.5 parts in a billion.

Antiprotonic helium ions
An antiprotonic helium ion is a two-body object composed of a helium nucleus and orbiting antiproton. It has an electric charge of +1 e. Cold ions with lifetimes of up to 100 ns were produced by the ASACUSA experiment in 2005.

Pionic helium
In 2020 ASACUSA in collaboration with the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) reported the experimental verification of long lived pionic helium by spectroscopic measurements; the first time in an atom containing a lepton. Its existence had been predicted in 1964 by George Condo at University of Tennessee to explain some anomalies from bubble chamber tracks but no definite proof of its existence had ever been obtained. In the experiment negatively charged pions from a ring cyclotron were magnetically focused into a tank filled with superfluid helium so that they would expel an electron from the atom and take its place. Later, to confirm the production, laser light was fired at various frequencies until they found a specific one at 1631 nm where the pion would resonate undergoing a quantum jump from its orbit into an inner one and eventually into the nucleus which would break down into a proton, a neutron and a deuteron. The experiment proved highly technical to perform and took 8 years, including the design and construction of the experiment.

title: Antiprotonic helium


text:
Dover, Singapore

Dover is a relatively small neighbourhood of Singapore, located in Queenstown. It is bordered by Ghim Moh to the north, Kent Ridge to the south and southeast, one-north and Queenstown to the east, Commonwealth and Holland Village to the northeast Clementi to the west and West Coast to the southwest. It is often a noted location due to the sheer number of educational facilities it holds, while lying in a zone between the Central Area and near industrial zone in the vicinity of Jurong.

Etymology and history
The Dover neighbourhood was formerly a British military and residential area. Hence, many road names in the area are derived from English (specifically Kentish) place names. For example, those in Medway Park off Dover Road include names associated with the southern coastal areas of England, including Folkestone and Maidstone, apart from Dover itself. The name "Dover" is from the Celtic word meaning "The Waters", alluding to the English Channel. Medway Park, for instance, is named after the River Medway, which marks the middle of Kent. Kent is the English county where the town of Dover, the namesake is located.

Roads in Dover

 * Dover Road
 * Dover Crescent
 * Dover Close East
 * Dover Avenue
 * Dover Drive
 * Dover Rise

Transport
There are two Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) stations which are in proximity to Dover. One is Dover MRT station, which is EW22 on the East West MRT line, and the other is Buona Vista MRT station which is EW21/CC22. However, neither MRT station is situated near the heart of Dover. The former is located next to Singapore Polytechnic, whilst the latter at the intersection of North Buona Vista Road and Commonwealth Avenue. A portion of most residents drop at Dover MRT station (East West line) and transfer to a bus (14, 74, 105, 106, 166 or 185), while another portion drop at Buona Vista MRT station (East West line and Circle line), takes a kilometre walk to Dover or transfer to buses 14, 74 or 196. Alternately, one-north MRT station is within walking distance of the eastern end of Dover, although not being located in it.

Education
Dover is known for having many schools and education institutions in its neighbourhood and vicinity.

 * Primary schools
 * Fairfield Methodist Primary School
 * Secondary schools
 * Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)
 * Fairfield Methodist Secondary School
 * Nan Hua High School
 * New Town Secondary School
 * NUS High School of Math and Science
 * School of Science and Technology, Singapore
 * Higher institutions of learning
 * National University of Singapore (NUS) (Kent Ridge)
 * Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT) (Dover Campus, previously occupied by Singapore University of Technology and Design till 2015)
 * Singapore Polytechnic
 * Anglo-Chinese Junior College
 * INSEAD
 * International schools
 * Dover Court International School
 * Japanese Secondary School (Clementi)
 * Norwegian Supplementary School
 * United World College of South East Asia
 * Other education institutions
 * Ministry of Education (Singapore)

title: Dover, Singapore


text:
Talk:Gaddi Vasquez

POV
The previous version of this article was highly POV, including a statement that Mr. Vasquez donated $100,000 to Bush's campaign. This of course would be a blatant violation of federal election law that limits individual donations to $2,000 per person per candidate, and would have certainly prevented his confirmation and probably put him in federal prison.--Rogerd 21:21, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

Dear Rogerd,

You should not make assumptions based on the way you think things should be: The fact is that Gaddi Vasquez did make a $100,000 contribution to the Republican National Committee in the 2000 election by funneling funds that he had in his campaign chest from his previous run for Orange County Supervisor to the Republican National State Elections Committee. He used a loophole in the campaign law to "roll over" his own campaign funds to the RNC.

If you want "proof" from a primary source, go to the Federal Election Commission web site and do a search on "Vasquez":

http://www.fec.gov/finance/disclosure/norindsea.shtml

and you will see

VASQUEZ CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE, NEWPORT BEACH, CA 92660

RNC REPUBLICAN NATIONAL STATE ELECTIONS COMMITTEE 07/27/2000 	100000.00 	20035953902

Next time please don't be so quick to delete material because you "know" the world is flat. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 151.196.25.123 (talk • contribs) 15:37, February 23, 2006 (UTC)

 * The material that I removed said that he "donated $100,000 to Bush's campaign" . That is considerably different than rolling his campaign money to the RNC, a fairly common and legal practice of politicians of both parties (of course, the Democrats roll to the DNC).  So I am not making "assumptions based on the way you think things should be".  --rogerd 01:51, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

I'm wondering why there has not been any discussion about Gaddi's previous employment at Southern California Edison. His superior at Edison gave Vazquez a substantial "bonus" upon leaving for his appointment to the PC, although Edison was in the red. It later turned out that this same person was on the board of directors for Northrop Grumman, who acquired the LARGEST entire contract at Peace Corps under the Vasquez leadership. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.88.72.107 (talk) 01:10, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Gaddi Vasquez


text:
Together for Tolerance

Together for Tolerance (Заједно за толеранцију) was a political coalition in Serbia. At the 2003 legislative elections in Serbia, held on December 28, 2003, the alliance won 4.2% of the popular vote, but no seats in the parliament. The alliance was formed by the League of Vojvodina Social Democrats, Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians, the Sandžak Democratic Party, and the League for Šumadija.

The alliance was disbanded after the elections. Later, the League of Vojvodina Social Democrats, together with several other regionalist political parties from Vojvodina province, formed a new alliance named Together for Vojvodina.

title: Together for Tolerance


text:
Democratic Alternative (Serbia)

The Democratic Alternative (Демократска aлтернатива; abbr. ДА, DA) was a political party in Serbia. It was founded in July 1997 by secession of certain members from the ruling Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), most notably Nebojša Čović who served as the party's president during its entire existence. It later merged into the Social Democratic Party (SDP), whom its leadership took over.

Democratic Alternative was part of the 2000-2003 Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), which ran on the December 2000 parliamentary elections. It received 6 seats of the 176 won by the Democratic Opposition. Nebojša Čović became the interim Deputy Prime Minister on October 24, 2000. On 25 January 2001 the new government was elected in which he served as Deputy Prime Minister until 18 March 2004. For a short time from 12 March 2003 to 17 March 2003 Čović was the acting Premier in the wake of the assassination of Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic.

At the December 2003 parliamentary election, the party won 84,463 votes or 2.2% of the popular vote thus failed to pass the electoral threshold.

title: Democratic Alternative (Serbia)


text:
Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians

The Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (Vajdasági Magyar Szövetség, VMSZ; Савез војвођанских Мађара, SVM) is a regionalist political party in Serbia, representing the Hungarian minority in Vojvodina.

Foundation and early history
The party was founded in 1994 in Senta by József Kasza and former members of the Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians as a citizen group which in 1995 was registered as a political party. They participated in the 1997 parliamentary election in which they won 1.23% of the vote and 4 seats in the National Assembly. In early 2000, it was one of the founding members of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) which ousted the president Slobodan Milošević later that year. In the 2000 parliamentary election they participated under the DOS coalition and the party won 6 seats in the parliament.

Post-Milošević era and leadership change
From the early 2000s, they started promoting an idea to form a Hungarian Regional Autonomy in the northern part of Vojvodina. In the 2003 parliamentary election they ended up not passing the electoral threshold with 4.23% of the vote. In 2007 they participated alone and they won 1.3% of the vote and 3 seats in the parliament. They also participated in the 2004 provincial election in Vojvodina and the party won 8.50% of vote in the one-round voting system and was part of the ruling coalition in the Vojvodina provincial parliament. In the 2004 local elections, the party won the largest number of seats in the municipal parliaments of Subotica, Senta, Bačka Topola, Mali Iđoš, Kanjiža (where Reformists of Vojvodina won same number of seats) and Čoka. In 2008, the party elected István Pásztor as their new president while József Kasza remained as the honorary president until 2010, when his membership was revoked. In 2008, they participated in the provincial election in Vojvodina, local elections and parliamentary election and they were a part of the Hungarian Coalition which won 7% of the vote in the provincial election and 1.81% and 4 seats in the parliamentary election, while in Kanjiža they won 50.91%, in Senta 31.87%, Bačka Topola 46.25%, Mali Iđoš 37.18%, and Bečej 29.63%. Since the introduction of the multi-party system in Serbia, the mayor of Subotica was often from the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians. That has changed after local elections 2008, when Democratic Party won the largest number of votes in this city.

Modern period
In 2012, they participated in the parliamentary election, local elections, provincial election and presidential election. In the parliamentary election, they won 1.75% of the vote and 5 seats in the National Assembly, in Novi Sad they won one seat while in Subotica they won 22.52% of the vote, in the provincial election they won 5.83% of the vote and 7 seats, and in the presidential election, in the first round, Pásztor won 1.62% of the vote in the first round while in the second round he supported Boris Tadić. Since the 2014 parliamentary election, they have been supporting the ruling SNS-led coalition. In 2014 they won 2.1% of the vote and 6 seats in the parliament, in 2016 they won 1.5% of the vote and lost two seats and then in 2020 they won 2.23% of the vote and got 5 more seats in the parliament.

Bálint Pásztor was elected as leader of the VMSZ at a party convention in Senta on 2 March 2024. The only candidate for the position, he received the support of 333 out of 335 delegates in attendance.

Political positions
Besides being supportive of Hungarian minority interests, the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians also maintains a conservative ideology, and is also supportive of regionalism. Its foreign policies are considered to be pro-Western, and it supports Serbia's accession to the European Union and NATO. It was considered a social-democratic party until 2010, when it shifted their support towards the Serbian Progressive Party and Fidesz.

It is positioned on the centre-right on the political spectrum. It is also an associate member of the European People's Party.

In the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, VMSZ has been associated with the European People's Party since 2007.

Positions held
Major positions held by Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians members:

title: Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians


text:
Jayme Monjardim

Jayme Monjardim Matarazzo (São Paulo, São Paulo, May 19, 1956) is a Brazilian TV and film director. He is the only child of André Matarazzo Filho and Maysa Matarazzo.

He is the former husband of actress Ingra Liberato, divorced without issue. He has also been married to Fernanda Lauer, with whom he had two children (Maria Fernanda Matarazzo and Jayme Matarazzo Filho). With actress Daniela Escobar, whom he married in 1995 and divorced in 2003, he had a son named André Matarazzo (born in 1998). On March 10, 2007, Jayme Monjardim married singer Tânia Mara. In September 2010, Mara gave birth to their first child, a daughter, named after Monjardim's famous mother, Maysa.

His works as TV director include the telenovelas Pantanal, Terra Nostra, O Clone, América and Viver a Vida. He also directed the film Olga.

title: Jayme Monjardim


text: User talk:68.52.79.237

title: User talk:68.52.79.237


text:
Varicella (video game)

Varicella is a 1999 work of interactive fiction by Adam Cadre, distributed in z-code format as freeware. It is set in an alternate history which features roughly modern technology mixed with Renaissance-style principalities and court politics. The characters of Varicella use contemporary language from their home in a Renaissance castle, continuing the contrast between old and new. The player character is Primo Varicella, palace minister in Piedmont, who has to get rid of several rivals for the regency following the death of the king. He was inspired by the Machiavellian protagonist of Profit, but given even more despicable antagonists (just as variola is more virulent than varicella), thus making players willing to go along with his schemes. The international situation in the game is described in passing: Piedmont is part of a loose confederation of kingdoms that make up a Carolingian League and is engaged in a war against the Republic of Venice.

It won four XYZZY Awards in 1999 including the XYZZY Award for Best Game, and was nominated for another four. The game was discussed academically by Nick Montfort and Stuart Moulthrop in their 2003 paper Face It, Tiger, You Just Hit the Jackpot: Reading and Playing Cadre's Varicella, and by Dr. Wendy Morgan in her 2003 paper Touching (on) Character: New Engagements in New Media Narratives. Cadre himself claimed in a January 2002 interview that it was the best game he had written up to that point:
 * "Photopia has made more of a mark, I suppose, but Photopia is a short story; Varicella is a world. There are so many things to see and do… it's definitely the game of mine that I'm hoping that future pieces I might create will most resemble, in structure if not in content."

Characters

 * The main character Primo Varicella, the Palace Minister at the Palazzo del Piemonte. (Varicella is the technical name for chicken pox, while "Primo" means cousin as he is the eldest brother)
 * War Minister Klaus Wehrkeit is one of Varicella's rivals hiding in Piedmont, had recently been fighting the Venetians. If the player does nothing in the interactive fiction, Wehrkeit will arrive around 3 o'clock and kill Varicella. ("Wehrkeit" might be translated from German as "defenseness")
 * Another rival, Christ Minister Pierre Bonfleche, is the tutor of the young Prince Charles. He is planning an invasion of Piedmont by the Avignese forces.
 * Interior Minister Variola Modo is the scientist of the palace working with green slime in an underground lab. ("Variola" is the technical term for smallpox)
 * Coffers Minister Argento Rico is another of Varicella's rivals, but does not appear that prominently in the storyline. He still needs to be killed. ("Argento" is Italian for "silver", while "Rico" means "rich")
 * Your fifth rival is Prince Louis, an alcoholic who is found passed out on the garden bench.
 * Sierra is the informant of the palace. If Varicella has money, some extra information can be gained from her.
 * A character discovered later is Princess Charlotte, who is locked away within the palace due to her perceived insanity. She has been hidden away since the death of her fiancé, Varicella's youngest brother Terzio (from the Italian "terzo", meaning third).
 * Marco Pulisci, the ambassador to Song dynasty, is deemed a non-threat by Varicella due to Hangzhou's distance from Piedmont.

title: Varicella (video game)


text:
Michael Gerson

Michael John Gerson (May 15, 1964 – November 17, 2022) was an American journalist and speechwriter. He was a neoconservative op-ed columnist for The Washington Post, a Policy Fellow with One Campaign, a visiting fellow with the Center for Public Justice, and a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. He served as President George W. Bush's chief speechwriter from 2001 until June 2006, as a senior policy advisor from 2000 through June 2006, and was a member of the White House Iraq Group.

Gerson helped write the inaugural address for the second inauguration of George W. Bush, which called for neo-conservative intervention and nation-building around the world to effect the spread of democracy to third world countries.

In 2018, Gerson and commentator Amy Holmes co-hosted In Principle, a politically conservative-oriented television talk show that ran for eight episodes on PBS.

Early life and education
Gerson was born on May 15, 1964, in Belmar, New Jersey, and raised in an Evangelical Christian family in St. Louis, Missouri. He attended Westminster Christian Academy for high school. His paternal grandfather was Jewish. He attended Georgetown University for a year and then transferred to Wheaton College in Illinois, graduating in 1986.

Career
Before joining the Bush administration, he was a senior policy advisor with The Heritage Foundation, a conservative public policy research institution. He also worked at various times as an aide to Indiana Senator Dan Coats and a speechwriter for the presidential campaign of Bob Dole before briefly leaving the political world to cover it as a journalist for U.S. News & World Report. Gerson also worked at one point as a ghostwriter for Charles Colson. In early 1999, Karl Rove recruited Gerson for the Bush campaign.

Gerson was named by Time as one of "The 25 Most Influential Evangelicals In America." The February 7, 2005, issue listed Gerson as the ninth-most influential evangelical that year.

Speechwriter
Gerson joined the Bush campaign before 2000 as a speechwriter and went on to head the White House speechwriting team. "No one doubts that he did his job exceptionally well," wrote Ramesh Ponnuru in a 2007 article otherwise very critical of Gerson in National Review. According to Ponnuru, Bush's speechwriters had more prominence in the administration than their predecessors did under previous presidents because Bush's speeches did most of the work of defending the president's policies, since administration spokesmen and press conferences did not. On the other hand, he wrote, the speeches would announce new policies that were never implemented, making the speechwriting in some ways less influential than ever.

On June 14, 2006, it was announced that Gerson was leaving the White House to pursue other writing and policy work. He was replaced as Bush's chief speechwriter by The Wall Street Journal chief editor William McGurn.

Lines attributed to Gerson
Gerson proposed the use of a "smoking gun/mushroom cloud" mixed-metaphor during a September 5, 2002, meeting of the White House Iraq Group, in an effort to sell the American public on the nuclear dangers posed by Saddam Hussein. According to Newsweek columnist Michael Isikoff,

"The original plan had been to place it in an upcoming presidential speech, but WHIG members fancied it so much that when the Times reporters contacted the White House to talk about their upcoming piece [about aluminum tubes], one of them leaked Gerson's phrase – and the administration would soon make maximum use of it."

Gerson said one of his favorite speeches was given at the National Cathedral on September 14, 2001, a few days after the September 11 attacks, which included the following passage: "Grief and tragedy and hatred are only for a time. Goodness, remembrance, and love have no end. And the Lord of life holds all who die, and all who mourn."

Gerson was credited with coining such phrases as "the soft bigotry of low expectations" and "the armies of compassion". His noteworthy phrases for Bush are said to include "Axis of Evil," a phrase adapted from "axis of hatred," itself suggested by fellow speechwriter David Frum but deemed too mild.

Criticism of Gerson's speechwriting
In an article by Matthew Scully, one of Bush's speechwriters, published in The Atlantic in September 2007, Gerson was criticized for seeking the limelight, taking credit for other people's work and creating a false image of himself. "No good deed went unreported, and many things that never happened were reported as fact. For all of our chief speechwriter's finer qualities, the firm adherence to factual narrative is not a strong point." Of particular note is the invention of the phrase "axis of evil." Scully claims that the phrase "axis of hatred" was coined by David Frum and forwarded to colleagues by email. The word "hatred" was changed to "evil" by someone other than Gerson and was changed because "hatred" seemed the more melodramatic word at the time.

Scully also had this to say about Gerson:

"My most vivid memory of Mike at Starbucks is one I have labored in vain to shake. We were working on a State of the Union address in John [McConnell]'s office when suddenly Mike was called away for an unspecified appointment, leaving us to 'keep going'. We learned only later, from a chance conversation with his secretary, where he had gone, and it was a piece of Washington self-promotion for the ages: At the precise moment when the State of the Union address was being drafted at the White House by John and me, Mike was off [at a Washington D.C. Starbucks store] pretending to craft the State of the Union in longhand for the benefit of a reporter."

Washington Post columnist
After leaving the White House, Gerson wrote for Newsweek magazine for a time. On May 16, 2007, Gerson began his tenure as a twice-weekly columnist for The Washington Post. His columns appeared on Wednesdays and Fridays.

Gerson, a neo-conservative, repeatedly criticized other conservatives in his column and conservatives returned the favor. One of Gerson's first columns was entitled "Letting Fear Rule", in which he compared skeptics of President Bush's immigration reform bill to nativist bigots of the 1880s.

In October 2017, Gerson referred to President Donald Trump's "fundamental unfitness for high office" and asked whether he is "psychologically and morally equipped to be president? And could his unfitness cause permanent damage to the country?" He cited "the leaked cries for help coming from within the administration. They reveal a president raging against enemies, obsessed by slights, deeply uninformed and incurious, unable to focus, and subject to destructive whims."

In August 2019, Gerson wrote that it is a "scandal" that "white evangelical Protestants" are not in a state of "panic" about their own demographic decline in the United States.

Personal life
Gerson's wife Dawn was born in South Korea. She was adopted by an American family when she was six years old and raised in the Midwestern United States. The couple met in high school, and have two sons. They resided in Northern Virginia.

Health and death
Gerson suffered from major depressive disorder, and was hospitalized at least once for it.

In 2013, Gerson was diagnosed with kidney cancer. He also had Parkinson's disease. He died from kidney cancer at a Washington, D.C. hospital, on November 17, 2022, at age 58.

title: Michael Gerson


text:
Luka Kovač

Luka Kovač is a fictional character from the NBC television series ER. The role was portrayed by Goran Visnjic from the sixth season episode, "Leave It to Weaver", which aired on September 30, 1999 until the thirteenth season episode, "The Honeymoon Is Over", which aired on May 17, 2007.

Vicnjic appeared as a guest in seven episodes during the fourteenth season of the show, beginning with "Under the Influence" on October 25, 2007 and concluding with "The Chicago Way" on May 15, 2008. He returned to the show's fifteenth and final season for another guest appearance in "The Book of Abby", which aired on October 16, 2008.

Luka Kovač is an emergency room attending physician from Croatia. He speaks of having a joyful, though financially modest, childhood, with at least one brother, and he keeps in contact with his father, who is an amateur painter and engineer working in Croatian Railways in Zagreb. Luka served in the Yugoslav army (at the time of Luka's potential conscription, no Croatian army existed), and saw combat. He was a family man, with a wife (Danijela), son (Marko), and daughter (Jasna). Jasna was his older child, and from a birthday photo we know she was at least four.

When the Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995) breaks out, Luka is living in Vukovar and is at first hesitant to move away, as he wants to finish his internship. He ends up waiting too long, and it becomes unsafe to leave. While he is out in a morning, a bombardment occurs, and his apartment building is hit by a mortar shell. His son died instantly. His wife and daughter died a few hours later. He carries guilt from the incident because he could have carried his wife to a hospital and saved her, but instead he chose to stay and perform CPR on his daughter (which failed), while his wife bled to death.

He moves to the United States of America some time after that for a fresh start, but evidence he suffered from both survivor's guilt and PTSD soon emerge, largely in terms of his personal relationships. Although initially reluctant to settle in one place, preferring to travel between Chicago and an unnamed southern city in his boat, a job offer from Kerry Weaver leads him to take a permanent position at County General. This becomes the first of several significant decisions Luka makes that are in part influenced by the relationships in his life.

Relationships
Luka has been in three serious relationships since he settled in Chicago. Soon after arriving at County General he became interested in the then-pregnant Head Nurse Carol Hathaway, although their relationship was largely as friends. For Luka, Carol was a tentative first attempt at romance, albeit with a woman much like his own wife, and for Carol, it was a step toward the next phase of her life. After her twins were born, a kiss between Luka and Carol served as an epiphany for Carol and she left Chicago for Seattle to be with her true love, and the father of her children, Dr. Doug Ross. While involved with Carol, Luka met and began teaching medical student Nurse Abby Lockhart, who would eventually become the longest and most important relationship in his new life. Luka recognized the potential to be a good doctor in her, and began to mentor and encourage her when her personal life led to her withdrawal from medical school.

It was this support, along with the loss of Carol, that sparked Luka's next relationship. Early into Season 7, Luka became involved with Abby, now an ER nurse, after a spontaneous kiss led him to reconsider his relationship with her. It was a relationship marked by trouble from their very first date, when they were mugged and Luka unintentionally killed their assailant in self-defense. They fell into a sexual and romantic connection after the mugging, with hesitation evident on both sides, although for a time they were happy. An encounter with a dying bishop provided Luka with a measure of absolution for the death of his wife, and for a time, he seemed ready to move forward. However, the repeated appearances of Abby's troubled mother, along with the continuous interference by Dr. John Carter, who Abby turned to as an enabler, was too much for the fragile relationship and resulted in a break-up after a year together.

Although the breakup was acrimonious, Luka remained quite protective of her (especially after she was attacked by her neighbor). Over the next few years, he and Abby slowly forged a close friendship. The break-up affected Luka deeply, however, and he then went through a long period where he was unable to form a satisfactory relationship. He has many demons and tends to be emotionally reclusive and, for a short time, used sex to drown his problems. He had a series of brief flings, before developing an unorthodox relationship with a prostitute who seemed to serve more as a psychotherapist. An affair between Luka and nurse Chuny Marquez ended badly in Season 9 and resulted in Luka being briefly suspended for unprofessional conduct. He rebuffed a series of advances by medical student Erin Harkins (Leslie Bibb) before making a drunken pass after a painful encounter with Abby. Harkins was seriously injured in a car accident the next day, when he drove exhausted and angry in his Dodge Viper. As a result of this, Luka's PTSD and depression led him to ask for a short leave from the hospital. When Kerry brusquely refused, he went AWOL from County and returned just before Kerry was going to officially fire him. Despite his depression, he was able to save a boy's life using an unorthodox method, and was allowed to stay on condition he undergo counseling, with which he was minimally cooperative. The combination of guilt over his mistakes at the hospital, survivor's guilt and PTSD eventually led him to take a high-risk assignment in Africa with the organization Alliance Medicines.

When Carter returned to the United States, Luka stayed behind, working at a rural clinic in the Congo, until he contracted malaria. Despite the symptoms, he helped evacuate patients during a rebel attack. However, he was captured by the rebels two days later, along with his surviving patients and co-workers. As the prisoners were dragged one by one to their execution, Luka kneeled and began praying (in Croatian) for the first time in years. Though the rebels at first objected and pointed their guns at him, their leader noticed a small cross hanging around Luka's neck, given to him by the mother of a young patient. Thinking Luka was a priest, the rebels knelt around him and joined him in prayer, releasing him the next day along with three of his surviving patients. Carter, having returned to Africa because County had been told Luka was killed (his I.D. had been found in the burned-down clinic), found Luka half-dead from the malaria in a refugee camp. Opting to stay in the Congo for a while, Carter sent Luka back to County on his return flight.

On his return from Africa, Luka began a relationship with Nurse Samantha Taggart, and for about a year and a half all seemed fairly well until he expressed his desire to have more children. Sam already had a son, Alex, whom she clearly loved very much, but declared, with absolute conviction, that she was completely done with having children. Sam and Luka eventually became frustrated over their inability to communicate with each other (Luka with Sam keeping things from him, and Sam with Luka's unwillingness to discuss his past or acknowledge their relationship had problems) which resulted in Sam and Alex moving out. Their break-up, though somewhat rough, ultimately resolved amicably. One consequence, though, is that Luka's involvement with Alex was very limited. However, as with most people he meets who have suffered great hardships, Luka continued to act protective around Sam and Alex.

Luka then began seeing Abby Lockhart (Maura Tierney) again after an argument that turned into a kiss and an overnight affair. Abby became pregnant with Luka from this encounter and debated whether to have the baby because of her family's history of bipolar disorder. Luka left the decision to her, but a few days later she told him she wanted to keep it. Although they still kept both their apartments and did not become engaged (Abby being leery of marriage since her first was a disaster), they began living together and seemed happy.

Luka was a committed physician, and considered one of the more approachable attendings. He also was a supporter of world health, and more than once donated his services to the Doctors Without Borders program, coming close to death on one occasion. Though once a man of faith, Luka has struggled with his religious beliefs. Such doubts arose after the death of his family. While treating Bishop Lionel Stewart (portrayed by James Cromwell), he seemed to come to terms with his bitterness, although he still wrestles with what God is and isn't responsible for. As an Attending, he is generally a patient teacher to residents and medical students, though his commitment to teaching sometimes frustrates nurses who are needed to dash from patient to patient.

He and Dr. John Carter once had a strong rivalry arising from their feelings of attraction to Abby - to the point that a fencing match in "Secrets and Lies" resulted in both of them drawing blood - but their shared experiences in the Congo, as well as the death of Carter's unborn son, made them understand each other better, and they became true friends. It is said in Season 12 that they kept in contact with each other while Carter was still in Africa. It is likely that they stayed in touch up to Season 15, as Carter was aware that Abby and Luka moved to Boston.

Following the departure of Dr Susan Lewis, Luka was made Chief of Emergency Medicine in Season 12, by an initially reluctant Kerry Weaver. His competition was the new Attending, a brilliant but unstable doctor named Victor Clemente. Luka and Clemente had locked horns even before they were competing for the job. The two of them remained hostile for a while, but gradually mended fences. Nonetheless, Clemente's personal issues (including being suspected of shooting his girlfriend, and insomnia developed from being stalked by her ex-husband) forced Luka to admit him for PTSD near the end of Season 12 and fire him. Kerry Weaver initially blamed Luka for the havoc Clemente caused on his watch. However, when she realized the board wanted to fire Luka at the start of Season 13, she admitted she had kept him on staff against Luka's wishes for months, saving his career and getting herself demoted to an Attending. Luka was later forced to consider firing her (which raised protest from many of the staff, including Abby) but he found a way to keep her on staff. Ultimately, Kerry resigned anyway about halfway through the season and sought a new career in Florida, parting on good terms with Luka.

In "Twenty-One Guns", the season 12 finale, Kovač is injected with a paralytic medication during an escape attempt by Sam's jailed ex-husband. Because he was unable to breathe independently for some time and could have died, Sam forced her captors to let her intubate him before they took her from the hospital. Luka awoke an hour later with the tube still in his throat, strapped to the gurney. In the following shootout, he watches helplessly from another room as the heavily pregnant Abby falls to the ground from internal injuries she sustained.

In the season 13 premiere, "Bloodline", Kovač was rescued by Weaver, only to learn that Abby sustained possibly serious injuries as a result of the shootout. Luka accompanies Abby as she is taken up to OB where it is discovered that she will need to have a caesarean section, complications during which led to Abby also having a hysterectomy. The baby (whom Abby and Luka decide to name Josip, after Luka's father, but call "Joe", because Abby's father was a fan of boxer Joe Frazier) was born prematurely; consequently, he had underdeveloped lungs and several other serious problems. After several tense weeks and emergency surgery, a healthy Joe was released from the hospital, and Luka and Abby settled into parenthood. Soon after returning to work, Luka had to defend himself in a malpractice suit brought by Curtis Ames (played by Forest Whitaker), a carpenter who suffered a debilitating stroke while under Kovač's care for pneumonia. Luka won the case, but he and Abby were stalked for months by a vengeful Ames. The situation came to a climax when Ames took Luka hostage, subjected him to a night of mental and physical torture (by crushing Kovač's hand in a vise), and shot himself to death, on a rooftop, in front of the horrified doctor, as police surrounded them. Later, Abby asks him to propose to her, and he does. Luka suggests they keep their engagement a secret, to which Abby agrees, but the staff soon finds out.

Once their secret is out, Luka realizes that planning their wedding is stressing Abby out, so he takes action. In the episode "I Don't," Luka prepares a surprise wedding for Abby, and then convinces her to marry him then and there. The night before they are due to depart for their honeymoon, however, he receives a call from Croatia informing him that his father is ill, so the honeymoon is postponed, while Luka makes an urgent trip to his native country. He is gone much longer than expected (six months), and Abby struggles to keep their lives in Chicago together while Luka is away. When Kovač returns home he is happy to see Joe and Abby. News soon arrived that his father died in Croatia. While preparing to return to Croatia, Abby tells him that she has relapsed but does not tell him that she slept with another doctor while she was drunk and blacked out. While Abby seeks help for her alcoholism, Luka and Joe return to Croatia for his father's funeral. While Abby is in rehab, Luka briefly returns to Chicago to visit her, at which time he quit his job at County. Upon her release from rehab, Abby joins him, and tells him about her alcohol induced infidelity. They return to the US soon after, and Luka struggles with forgiving Abby’s mistakes. He tries to decide what to do about his marriage, ignoring Abby's remorse and attempts to work on their problems in a completely uncharacteristic way. Luka moves out of their home, though he does not seek legal separation or consider divorce. He takes a position as a doctor in a small hospice voicing a desire to do some good. There he meets an elderly man who teaches (or maybe reminds him of) some lessons about life and forgiveness, and in the Season 14 finale, Luka forgives Abby after first confronting Kevin Moretti. Luka tells Abby that he finally realized that marriage isn’t something static and concrete, it’s something you fight for and work on. As long as they love each other (using a metaphor about rowing a boat), they’ll be okay. He suggests to Abby that they leave Chicago, and they decide to go.

During the 15th and final season of ER, at the end of the episode The Book of Abby, long-serving nurse Haleh Adams shows the departing Abby Lockhart a closet wall where all the past doctors and employees have put their locker name tags. Abby then adds both her and Luka's locker name tags to the wall. Kovač's final appearance in the series came late in the episode, when he comes to pick up Abby before they leave for Boston. They embraced each other with a kiss and gave a final goodbye to their friends at County, a scene echoing the Season 6 episode where Carol leaves him to join Doug in a kiss after telling Luka he would find the right woman some day. Luka is not seen again in the series, but Abby indicates in a phone call to Neela that the three of them are settling in well in Boston.

title: Luka Kovač


text:
Frank Crowe

Francis Trenholm Crowe (October 12, 1882 – February 26, 1946) was a Canadian civil engineer and employee of Morrison-Knudsen, who later became in 1931, the General Construction Superintendent of the Hoover Dam construction contract.

Born in Trenholmville, Quebec, Crowe attended the Governor Dummer Academy, matriculating to the University of Maine where he graduated in 1905 with a degree in civil engineering. The University's Francis Crowe Society is named in his honor. Crowe became interested in the American west during a lecture given by Frank Elwin Weymouth (1874-1941), a civil engineer with the United States Bureau of Reclamation. He signed up for a summer job before the end of the lecture. That summer job began a 20-year career with the reclamation service that would change the face of the American west. In 1924, Frank Crowe left the United States Bureau of Reclamation to join the construction firm of Morrison-Knudsen in Boise, Idaho. Morrison-Knudsen had recently signed a partnership with the larger Utah Construction Company to build dams.

While working on the Arrowrock Dam in Idaho, Crowe pioneered two practices that are crucial to the construction of large dams. The first was a pneumatic delivery system to transport concrete and the second was a system of overhead cables to allow the pneumatic concrete to be pumped at any point on the construction site. With this technique, Crowe built some of the largest dams in the American west, including the Hoover Dam, Parker Dam 155 mi downstream from Hoover; Copper Basin and Gene Wash Dams on the Colorado Aqueduct system; and Shasta Dam in Northern California. All these dams were important but none approached the mythic scale or mystique of Hoover Dam.

He retired in 1944 to his 20000 acre cattle ranch near Redding, California, where he died of a heart attack on February 26, 1946. He had a wife, Linnie, and two daughters.

Popular culture
The Hoover Dam construction project and Frank Crowe's role (portrayed by actor Jay Benedict) was dramatised in an episode of the BBC's 2003 docudrama television miniseries Seven Wonders of the Industrial World.

The project and Frank Crowe's role was also dramatized in The History Channel's series America: The Story of Us in episode 9 entitled Bust.

title: Frank Crowe


text: User talk:68.47.116.71

title: User talk:68.47.116.71


text:
Houston Post

The Houston Post was a newspaper that had its headquarters in Houston, Texas, United States. In 1995, the newspaper shut down, and its assets were purchased by the Houston Chronicle.

History
Gail Borden Johnson founded the Houston Post on February 19, 1880. He expanded the paper by acquiring the Houston Telegraph, the legacy of the Telegraph and Texas Register, which operated the first press in Texas after the Texas Revolution. By 1884, however, the paper was financially distressed, when William R. Baker led a group of investors to bail out the publication. Despite their efforts, the original publication ceased in October 1884. The Houston Post was re-established with the merger of the Houston Morning Chronicle and the Houston Evening Journal on April 5, 1885. J. L. Watson was the business manager and Rienzi M. Johnston was the editor. Watson implemented the use of linotype machines to replace the process of manual typesetting. He gained financial control of the paper through acquiring more stock in the company.

Short story writer O. Henry worked briefly for the Post in 1895 and 1896. He had to leave his position at the Post when he was indicted for embezzlement from previous employment at a bank in Austin.

Former Texas governor and Post managing editor William P. Hobby was made president of the paper in 1924. After Hobby acquired a controlling stake in the Post in 1939, his family owned the paper for the next four decades. Amid declining sales, the Post was sold in 1983 to the Toronto Sun. H&C Communications was created in the aftermath of the sale for the Hobby family to retain control of the broadcasting assets that consisted of TV stations across the U.S., especially local NBC affiliate KPRC-TV, and radio station KPRC (AM). Four years later, MediaNews Group, led by William Dean Singleton, bought the paper.

The Houston Post building, in the 1970s, had contemporary artwork, slate floors, and wood-grain concrete walls. Tours of the building and its facilities were given at the time.

The Houston Post later closed permanently, with the final edition printed on April 18, 1995. Its assets and liabilities were acquired by Hearst Corporation, the publisher of the Post's rival daily Houston Chronicle. The Hearst Corporation acquired the Houston Post headquarters, which included the newspaper's printing facilities and five offset press lines. Hearst began to use the facilities as part of the production of the Houston Chronicle. Houston Chronicle newspapers were distributed to former Houston Post subscribers. The facility now serves as a Houston Chronicle plant and the headquarters of the Houston Chronicle Spanish newspaper La Voz de Houston.

Final sale
The Hearst Corporation, parent company of the Houston Chronicle, bought out the Houston Post from Consolidated Papers, Inc. on April 18, 1995, ending a 94-year-old crosstown rivalry. Hearst shut the paper down, reportedly for the purpose of eliminating local competition for readership and advertisers. The former owners cited the increasing cost of newsprint, which they had expected to rise up to $39 million from $26 million the previous year. The Houston Post reported an average daily circulation of over 287,000 that year, with a Sunday circulation of almost 317,000. The Houston Post did not announce the sale of the paper in its final edition on April 18.

Availability of Houston Post articles
Some Houston Post articles had been made available in the archives of the Houston Chronicle website, but by 2005 they were removed. The Houston Chronicle online editor Mike Read said that the Houston Chronicle decided to remove Houston Post articles from the website after the 2001 United States Supreme Court New York Times Co. v. Tasini decision; the newspaper originally planned to filter articles not permitted by the decision and to post articles that were not prohibited by the decision. The Houston Chronicle decided not to post or re-post any more Houston Post articles because of difficulties in complying with the New York Times Co. v. Tasini decision with the resources that were available to the newspaper.

People interested in reading Houston Post articles may view them on microfilm. The Houston Public Library has the newspaper on microfilm from 1880 to 1995 and the Houston Post Index from 1976 to 1994. The microfilm of 1880–1900 is in the Texas and Local History Department of the Julia Ideson Building, while 1900–1995 is in the Jesse H. Jones Building, the main building of the Central Library. In addition the University of Houston's main library has the Houston Post available on microfilm from 1880 to 1995 and the Houston Post Index from 1976 to 1979 and from 1987 to 1994. The National Endowment for the Humanities has online searchable past issues of the Houston Post from 1893 to 1903 in the newspaper section. The Dallas Public Library archival collection also has a microfilm collection of the Houston Post from February 23, 1881 – June 1884, March 1887 – December 1906, and June 1977 – March 1995. The collection includes the paper through different title variations, including the Houston Daily Post.

title: Houston Post


text:
Talk:Bristle

[Untitled]
I don't know why this page redirected to Bristol, maybe it's a common spelling mistake. But Bristle is hair like pigs hair, I thought it was only Pig's hair until I looked for a proper definition. Also I didn't know what the hell to give as a stub message, I put tool related becasue of the reference to paint brushes. Borb 21:31, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * It's more of a humorous misspelling than a common mistake. I've explained it in the article. --rbrwr± 20:14, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

2007-02-16 Automated pywikipediabot message
--CopyToWiktionaryBot 08:15, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bristle


text:
Rocket Brothers

Rocket Brothers is a 2004 documentary film directed by photographer Kasper Torsting, about the Danish rock band Kashmir.

Torsting followed the band over a period of four years starting just after the release of their third album The Good Life. The documentary follows the band during the process of making their fourth album Zitilites.

It also includes lead singer Kasper Eistrup's audition for Roger Waters' Pink Floyd tour. Eistrup auditioned as the lead singer and guitarist.

title: Rocket Brothers


text: Category:Philosophers by field

title: Category:Philosophers by field


text:
Talk:White Noise (novel)

Preceded by / Followed by
It is my understanding that the Preceded by / Followed by element in the infobox should only be used for books that are part of a series, not simply to list the writer's other novels, which can appear as a category at the bottom of the page. If there is some link between all these books, I think it should be mentioned in the articles since it was not obvious to me, in the few DeLillo books I've read (on second thought, it is actually impossible for some of these books to occupy the same world as the others). AshcroftIleum 00:09, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

Wrong publication date
According to my White Noise edition I am sitting with in my hands right now the book was "First published 1984 by Viking Penguin Inc., New York". It also says: "First published in Great Britain in paperback by Picador 1985". As the New York publishment came first this ought to be the correct year of publication as the New Yorkers could enjoy the book earlier than the Brits. Right? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.107.104.173 (talk) 09:51, 17 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Funny, mine says "First published in the United States of America by Viking Penguin Inc. 1985."12.186.80.1 (talk) 16:38, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

Edits made to White Noise Wiki Page
If anyone happens to read this, go check out the edits that I made here and let me know what you think! It is under the analysis subtitle and it is the last paragraph about religion! Thanks so much in advance. Aludke96 (talk) 03:30, 4 May 2016 (UTC)

Location
The Wiki states that the College-on-the-Hill is in a "Midwestern" town (Blacksmith), but it is stated in the novel that flights from the nearby Iron City connect through Boston's Logan airport. This would place Blacksmith in New England, not the Midwest. Further hints are in the name "College-on-the-Hill": the College on the Hill is a nickname for Dartmouth (in New Hampshire). The town also has a Congregational church, and these are common in New England but not in other parts of the country. So I am changing "Midwestern" to "New England." Zagraniczniak (talk) 10:01, 8 August 2019 (UTC)

Analysis Section
I am new to Wikipedia, so before editing this page, I thought it appropriate to open a talk page explaining the edit I think useful. I apologize if I am not proceeding correctly.

I believe the sentence "Additionally, the world of White Noise is an unsatisfactory imitation or substitute, also known as a simulacrum” should be revised and the content expanded because the definition is unclear to a general reader and overly simplified to a reader who knows that the term derives from Jean Baudrillard. Much has been written on it and its importance to an understanding of the novel.  However, the entry could establish the direct relevance of the concept simply by referencing the passage on "the most photographed barn in America" which, according to Peter Knight, "has perhaps become “the ‘Most Discussed Scene in Postmodern Fiction’.” Source: Knight, Peter. “Delillo, Postmodernism, Postmodernity.” The Cambridge Companion to Don DeLillo. Ed. John N. Duvall. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2008. 27–41. Print. (I have to figure out how to cite this article from a book collection of essays correctly. This is not an option in the wizard.) Dwarner201 (talk) 18:12, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

 * please do. Very few on Wikipedia add useful literary criticism, with citations. Speaking of which, here's a citation template prepared for you, with that chapter. (Double-check it of course.) You can copy it to the article. Outriggr (talk) 04:34, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

Materialistic Obsession
In Adam Szetela's article materialism, idolization of self, and cultural compression opens the discussion into a society's corrosive standards inflicted upon unknowing participants. Jack Gladney's character forgoes a character arc because of the inability to seek change within himself. A diluted rationality escapes Jack because of his obsession with death. Death comes to every individual unbeknownst to themselves so a clear worry easily is understood though a distraction of possessions is not present with every individual. Material gain in the form of goods can irrevocably lead to an idolization of the self accented by the tapestries of life littered throughout a person's home. DeLillo pervades the reader's curiosity of Jack's purpose throughout the novel. His fear of death, safety provided by his glasses, robe and status as a professor of Hitler studies and his strange family dynamic highlights a problem of cultural influence within the novel that none of the characters can escape. Cultural identity roots itself within the individual on a deep cognitive level that can be difficult to divorce themselves from. DeLilo merely presents a question that threads throughout the novel being what is purpose if the motivation to change remains dormant. Gladney's character arc reaches no conclusion because no principle or lesson is learned within the novel. His culture cements him in a stagnant idolization of things around him. Curiously the same question could be asked of oneself. Sean.Robi733 (talk) 5:14, 4 May (UTC)

title: Talk:White Noise (novel)


text: Category:Philosophers by religion

title: Category:Philosophers by religion