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Thunderer (Marvel Comics)

The Thunderer (Jerry Carstairs) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Timely Comics.

Publication history
He first appeared in Daring Mystery Comics #7 (Timely, April 1941) and was created by John Compton and Carl Burgos. He returned in issue #8 (Jan 1942). In All Winners Comics #6 (Sept 1942), he changed his hero name to the Black Avenger. This was his last Golden Age appearance. The Thunderer wore a red costume with blue highlights, but the color scheme was reversed on the covers.

Fictional character biography
Frustrated that the United States did not seem to be dealing with crime or Nazi saboteurs, radio operator Jerry Carstairs created a costume with a built-in microphone and fought for justice as the Thunderer. In his first recorded appearance, Jerry learned that radio station WWLX was really a front for Nazi Fifth Columnists who were transmitting secret messages hidden in music. Learning that they were targeting his girlfriend Eileen Conroy, a newspaper reporter, he foiled their operation. In order to protect his secret identity, Jerry acted like a meek weakling while in his civilian guise. Thunderer later uncovered the machinations of a hideously deformed dwarf named Gore who hated beautiful people so much that he rigged Morse code death traps that killed his victims over the radio. The Thunderer destroyed his operation, and Gore was killed in a house fire caused by faulty wiring in his equipment.

Thunderer's activities were few and far between due to the limitations his position with the FCC provided in giving him leads to criminal or spy activities. The Thunderer briefly changed his name (but not his costume) to the Black Avenger. In the fall of 1942, the FBI caught a Nazi spy that resembled Jerry and convinced him to go undercover to try and expose the spy ring that was sending defense secrets back to Nazi Germany. As the Black Avenger, Jerry managed to round up the Nazis including their leader Kurt Weidner and turn him over to justice

Alongside a number of other heroes, the Thunderer participated in an air drop on a Nazi stronghold.

The Thunderer attended a reunion of World War II costumed heroes.

In 1943, the Black Avenger was among a number of heroes who were slain by the Cosmic Cube-wielding Red Skull and impaled on a massive wall. However, the Cosmic Cube was recovered by Private Paul Anslen who resurrected all the slain heroes who aided the combined efforts of the Invaders and the time displaced New Avengers and Mighty Avengers. When Red Skull was defeated, the heroes used the Cosmic Cube to wipe out the Black Avenger's memories of the event to preserve history.

During the "Last Days" part of the Secret Wars storyline, Thunderer is seen as a resident of Valhalla Villas (a retirement home for ex-heroes and ex-villains in Miami). He was temporarily de-aged during the Incursion between Earth-616 and Earth-1610.

In Marvel Comics #1000, it was revealed that Jerry was a subject in a side project of Project Rebirth, the government project that created Captain America, called Project Thunderer. Thunderer's mask is a magical item called the Eternity Mask, which was created by a group of renegade occultists from Eternity's own substance during the days of King Arthur. When his friend William Naslund, the Spirit of '76 (as Captain America) was killed by the android Adam II, Thunderer blamed the Scientists' Guild, also known as the Three Xs and later the Enclave, for their role in Naslund's death as they were responsible for bankrolling Professor Horton to create another android like the Human Torch, as well as supplying Adam-II's programming with the Three Xs's ideas for the next stage of mankind, leading to the android's madness. Changing his identity to Dark Avenger, Carstairs swears to take down the Three Xs. However, Carstairs was killed and the Eternity Mask taken by the Enclave. His corpse would be found by Marvel Boy, with a recording to stop the Scientists Guild.

Powers and abilities
Thunderer is an expert hand-to-hand combatant and possesses a powerful sonic scream derived from his costume.

In other media
The Thunderer appears in the Spider-Man five-part episode "Six Forgotten Warriors", voiced by Hansford Rowe, along with Brett King in a flashback. This version, along with the Black Marvel, the Destroyer, Miss America, and the Whizzer, obtained his powers from a flawed attempt at recreating the process that empowered Captain America during World War II, which he regulates with a special ring. After Captain America apparently sacrificed himself to stop the Red Skull from activating a Doomsday machine, Thunderer and the other heroes took possession of the machine's activation keys and retired. In the present, the Kingpin sends the Insidious Six to gather the keys. The Thunderer is the last to be located, as he had stayed close to the base the Doomsday machine was held in to guard it while disguised as a homeless man. The Thunderer later joins forces with the other heroes, Captain America, and Spider-Man in fighting the Kingpin's, and later the Red Skull's, forces.

title: Thunderer (Marvel Comics)


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EMD SW1200

An EMD SW1200 is a four-axle diesel switcher locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between January 1954 and May 1966. Power is provided by an EMD 567C 12-cylinder engine, which generates 1200 hp. Additional SW1200 production was completed by General Motors Diesel in Ontario, Canada, between September 1955 and June 1964.

737 examples of this locomotive model were built for U.S. railroads, 287 were built for Canadian railroads, 4 were built for Brazilian railroads, 25 were built for a Chilean industrial firm, and 3 were built for the Panama Canal Railway.

Design and production
The SW1200 was the third model of 1,200 hp SW series switchers built by EMD. It was a successor to the SW7 and SW9. Compared to its direct predecessor, the SW9, the SW1200 differed in that it used the improved and more reliable 567C engine, compared to the SW9's 567B engine. Late SW1200s built in 1966 were instead built with the 567E 12-cylinder engine. Most of the locomotive's external features were unchanged from the SW9, making distinguishing between the two models difficult.

SW1200 production began in January 1954, immediately after SW9 production came to an end the previous month. Production continued for 12 years until the last SW1200 left EMD's manufacturing facility in May 1966.

Like many EMD products, customers could customize their SW1200 orders. Several options were available, including Flexicoil trucks. A few units were built with dynamic brakes, featuring a large square box with a fan on top of the hood, right in front of the cab.

Variants
A cow-calf variation, the TR12, was cataloged, but none were built.

An SW1200RS (RS for road switcher) is a variation of the standard SW1200 that features large front and rear (on some units) numberboard housings, EMD Flexicoil B-B trucks, and larger fuel tanks for road switcher service. The majority of the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific SW1200 fleets were purchased as SW1200RS units. SW1200RS units were produced near the end of SW1200 production in the mid-1960s.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: EMD SW1200


text:
Airplay

Airplay is how frequently a song is being played through broadcasting on radio stations. A song which is being played several times every day (spins) would have a significant amount of airplay. Music which became very popular on jukeboxes, in nightclubs and at discotheques between the 1940s and 1960s would also have airplay.

Background
For commercial broadcasting, airplay is usually the result of being placed into rotation, also called adding it to the station's playlist by the music director, possibly as the result of a Pay for Play sponsored by the record label. For student radio and other community radio or indie radio stations, it is often the selection by each disc jockey, usually at the suggestion of a music director.

Geography
Most countries have at least one radio airplay chart in existence, although larger countries such as Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, and Brazil have several, to cover different genres and areas of the country.

A song which was successful in the airplay charts but weak in sales was commonly known as a "turntable hit" when radio stations played only vinyl singles. Airplay can be a crucial element in securing a singer's 'hit', and alongside social networking websites it is an effective method that artists use to make their name known.

Aaliyah's "Try Again" (2000) was the first song ever to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100 based solely on the strength of its radio airplay.

Radio airplay is monitored through audio fingerprinting technology with the help of automatic content recognition service. World recognizable video airplay service providers are Radiomonitor, ACRCloud, BMAT, and Soundcharts.

Music sales
There is a symbiotic relationship between the airplay of records and sales. The record industry utilises airplay on the radio to promote artists and records to radio listeners. Airplay can stimulate the purchase of music, merchandise and concert tickets to its listening audience. The record industry profits from the exposure provided by radio airplay. The amount of airplay a record receives may significantly impact other factors, including age, race, geographical location, and income. The effect of airplay on sales revenue can range between $1.5 to $2.4 billion annually. A significant portion of album and track sales are impacted by radio airplay, with a minimum of 14% and a high of 23%. Performing artists and record labels indirectly profit from airplay as it promotes, distributes and sells records. Airplay's impact on music sales links to the mere-exposure effect. The term describes a preference for familiar things. The mere-exposure effect is noticed when radio and airplay act as an advertising medium by allowing listeners to try out newly released music. This exposure typically links to an increase in sales.

Dixie Chicks' radio boycott
The popularity of the Dixie Chicks was impacted by radio airplay in America. In March 2003, the Dixie Chicks were number one on the Country and Adult Contemporary radio airplay charts, as published in the 'Radio and Records' trade journal. However, the band's presence on the charts dropped rapidly when lead singer Natalie Maines told the audience of a London nightclub, "Just so you know, we're ashamed the president of the United States is from Texas". Following this, the Associated Press noted that radio stations had begun blacklisting the Dixie Chicks in response to the comment. As a result, the Dixie Chicks' total airplay across America dropped to one-fifth of what it was before the controversy, with their album no longer appearing on the charts. The radio response to the statement was accused of corporate censorship, attributing the blacklisting as evidence of politically mobilising right-wing social movements. The controversy and response demonstrate the impact of airplay on an artist's popularity.

Pay-to-play
Record companies and artists can pay for airplay from radio stations. Pay-to-play is a common practice utilised by the record industry to pass money or goods to influence airplay. The transactions are directed through intermediaries ("indies") who are independent promoters for the record labels or artists. Relationships are formed by promoters with radio stations to enable pay-to-play transactions, which may not include the direct transfer of funds or goods to conceal the nature of the deal. After developing a relationship, a promoter may engage in calls with the radio station to request their record is treated favourably. Requesting a record to be played is an unlikely favour to ask without an established relationship. Informal relationships are formed between indies and stations to avoid payola, which is the illegal practice in U.S. law of paying a radio station for airplay without the station disclosing this information. Paying radio stations for airplay is a historical phenomenon. In the 1960s, it was a common practice for record companies to bribe radio station employees to increase a song's airplay. In 1934, U.S. Congress passed the Communications Act, which forbids radio stations from taking payment to air certain content unless the broadcast was commercial. However, the act did not restrict independent disc jockeys from taking payments in exchange for airplay. As a result, record labels would approach disc jockeys instead of directly contacting the radio stations. In 1960, the U.S. Congress amended the act to include the provision of illegal bribes for airplay, which became known as payola. In this pay-to-play model, airplay becomes similar to advertising and can be subject to scandal.

Technology
Airplay is measured by the number of spins and detections. The Broadcast Data Systems (BDS, also known as Nielsen BDS) is a U.S. broadcasting service that measures airplay according to these two attributes. In addition, airplay is tracked using a patented digital pattern recognition technology. The service, a unit of MRC Data, contributes to the publishing of songs on the Billboard Charts, the most used music chart in America. The recognition technology implemented by Nielsen monitors airplay in radio stations in more than 140 markets across the United States. The charts determine the position of a single based on airplay data, sales, and streaming data. Since the service debuted in 1992, it has become a universal standard for measuring airplay due to its accuracy in detecting, tracking and monitoring songs and has provided the Billboard charts with data on sales, downloads and streams.

Music charts
There is a distinction between sales charts and airplay charts. When a record label has a number one single, it earns that designation based on its position on a sales chart. If that record is number one on the radio station, it reaches that position based on its airplay, location of the radio station, and how many singles it sold. Billboard has the most widely used airplay charts and includes every significant music genre. Billboard has 25 airplay charts that detect airplay across 140 radio markets. To compile the airplay charts, Billboard monitors 140 radio markets, over 1,600 radio stations to see over 100 million songs each year. To ensure airplay detection, label marketers must register their recorded music with the Broadcast Data Systems (BDS), the technology provider of Billboard. Billboard's weekly airplay charts rank singles according to the amount of airplay they receive on monitored radio stations and the resulting size of the combined audience that heard the song being played.

title: Airplay


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EMD SW1000

The EMD SW1000 is a model of 4-axle diesel switcher locomotives built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between June 1966 and October 1972. Power was provided by an EMD 645E 8-cylinder engine which generated 1000 hp. This locomotive was built on the same common frame as the EMD SW1500, giving it an overall length of 44 ft. Over one-third of SW1000 production went to the Burlington Northern Railroad.

History
The SW1000 was taller than previous EMD switchers, which posed a problem for industrial customers: at many facilities, tight clearances existed, and the SW1000 exceeded them. As a result, most production went to railroads, not industries. EMD corrected this problem with the SW1001, which was an SW1000 with its height and walkways lowered for better clearance.

A total of 114 EMD SW1000s were built for railroads and industrial operations in the United States. One was exported to Jamaica for a mining operation and four were exported to industrial operators in Mexico.

As at January 2014, two EMD SW1000s are operated by Via Rail at its Montreal Maintenance Centre.

Preservation
Around August 2022, the Oregon Rail Heritage Center acquired former BNSF SW1000 #3613 (former BN #388).

title: EMD SW1000


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Talk:Richmond Castle

Untitled
Hello Mick Knapton: I think that a complete reversion of the content was a little much. I did improve the style and mechanics of the article in my previous edits. I restored your adjectives (e.g. magnificent), although I generally disagree with making articles sound like tour guides, but I put the copyediting back. -- Barfooz  (talk)  02:16, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Haunting
The comment below was moved to Talk from the main article by User:MortimerCat (talk)

Having visited the castle today 29th October 2006 It is reputed to be haunted. There appeared to be a a dark figure stood at a gateway looking at me, near the garden. Could this be the drummer boy? 23:31, 29 October 2006 User:Davidmowbray (talk)

Richmond Castle Plate
We inherited a "Richmound Castle Plate" and I was woundering if you can give me any information about it. It is about 11x12 round includes the top crown. The border of the plate is green with gold highlights. In the centre of the plate is a picture of the castle and infront of it is a village and bridge with people on it. This plate was given to us in Malta and my inlaws had it for at least 60 years. Thank you for taking the time to review this and hope you get back to me. Julia Atkin e-mail: wjatkins@sympatico.ca

Richmond 16
I'm a volunteer with the Durham at War project researching conscientious objectors and those shot at dawn. Please would someone look again at the link for Charles E Cryer? When I clicked on the link it said he was from Cleveland Ohio. After checking on Ancestry I think he is from Cleveland, North Yorkshire (Guisborough way). Just thought it looked strange and may not be right.

Mavis Dixon217.44.86.200 (talk) 17:58, 26 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Looks like just a problem with the link destination. I have changed it to point to Cleveland, England. Keith D (talk) 13:08, 6 January 2015 (UTC)

Date of grant of Richmondshire to Alan Rufus
According to the Registry of the Honour of Richmond, King William I granted Yorkshire lands belonging to Earls Edwin and Morcar "at the siege of York", i.e. around winter in late 1068 or early 1069. It also claims that Queen Matilda persuaded William to make this grant to Alan Rufus. Tradition has it that she was at Selby in South Yorkshire in September 1068, giving birth to her son Henry (the future King Henry I). Zoetropo (talk) 11:28, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 04:25, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Richmond Castle


text:
Category:Grade 1 pipe bands

Articles about grade one pipe bands worldwide.

title: Category:Grade 1 pipe bands


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Bob Harras

Robert Harras (born January 11, 1959 ) is an American comics writer and editor, who was editor-in-chief of Marvel Comics from 1995 to 2000 and editor-in-chief of DC Comics from 2010 to 2020.

Career
Harras started his career at Marvel as assistant editor for Ralph Macchio, where he worked on such titles as The Saga of Crystar, Dazzler, ROM, U.S. 1, and Micronauts. Later, Harras was chief editor of Marvel's X-Men and Midnight Sons lines. Harras also worked as writer on a number of comics, including a run on The Avengers lasting from 1992 to 1995, and the best-selling 1988 limited series Nick Fury vs. S.H.I.E.L.D. His brief run on Namor, the Sub-Mariner in 1992–93 was unique for the time, taking the form of a mostly standalone Tolkienesque epic.

Harras's tenure as editor-in-chief occurred during the time which Marvel teetered on bankruptcy around 1996 and 1997 (financial trouble became significantly worse during his time at Marvel). During his tenure, Harras oversaw titles such as Captain America, Daredevil, Ka-Zar and Deadpool. Following the Heroes Reborn experiment, where oversight of four titles was outsourced to Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld, one of the more successful relaunches during Harras’ tenure was of those titles under the "Heroes Return” banner, including The Avengers by Kurt Busiek and George Perez.

However, the Spider-Man "Clone Saga", in which Norman Osborn was brought back as the Green Goblin despite the opposition of many of the writers, received enough negative reception that it overshadowed his critical successes.

After leaving Marvel, Harras joined WildStorm as contributing editor on November 15, 2001. Harras worked from his New Jersey home office, and reported to Jim Lee, WildStorm's editorial director. Until late September 2010, he was the group editor for DC Comics collected editions and editor of DC's new Who's Who series.

On September 27, 2010, DC Comics named Bob Harras as the company's new editor-in-chief and Vice President. Harras oversaw editorial for all DC Comics, DC Universe, MAD Magazine and Vertigo publications. He became DC's first Editor-in-Chief after Jenette Kahn, who had held the position from 1989 to 2002. He was laid off from DC on August 10, 2020.

Marvel Comics

 * The Avengers #280, #334-339, #343-351, #355-369, #372-375, #378-382, #384-395 (1987-1996)
 * Avengers: The Crossing #1 (1995); one-shot
 * Avengers: Strikefile #1 (1994); one-shot
 * Avengers: Timeslide #1 (1996); one-shot, co-written with Terry Kavanagh
 * Defenders of the Earth #1 (1987); co-written with Stan Lee
 * Fantastic Four Annual #23 (1990); co-written with Walt Simonson
 * The Incredible Hulk #360 (1989)
 * Iron Man #178, Annual #7-8 (1984-1986)
 * Marvel Comics Presents #17-24 (1989)
 * Namor, the Sub-Mariner #33-40 (1992-1993)
 * Nick Fury vs. S.H.I.E.L.D. #1-6 (1988)
 * Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (vol. 3) #1-6, #12-14 (1989-1990)
 * RoboCop #1 (1987); film adaptation one-shot issue
 * Rom: Spaceknight #50 (1984); second story
 * The Thing #18 (1984)
 * The Mighty Thor #356 (1985)
 * Vision #1-4 (1994-1995)

title: Bob Harras


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brent McMullen

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Neutralitytalk 21:08, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Brent McMullen
Vanity page with 46 Google hits (with Google being the source of all knowledge.) Deltabeignet 02:19, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --  Barfooz  (talk)  02:22, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NeoJustin 02:26, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. He created The Matrix? And here I was thinking the Wachowski Brothers had something to do with it. He's a minor production assistant on several projects. Non-notable. --khaosworks 02:36, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, looking at this person's web site, he created The Matrix Special Effects Stunt Show in Universal Studios Hollywood. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 02:43, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, he created a Universal Studios-style Matrix Stunt "ride" in his garage, not at the park. --khaosworks 02:54, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Too precocious. -- BD2412 talk 02:59, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)
 * Delete per khaosworks. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  03:18, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 05:40, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete teenage vanity. --Etacar11 21:37, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Cotinga

Untitled
Another leading encyclopedia suggests that there is a genus Tityra in this family too. Is this true? Pcb21| Pete 02:19, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * As you are aware, taxonomy is fairly fluid at present. Handbook of the Birds of the World the standard for Wikipedia, and most other modern sources put the Tityras in the tyrant flycatcher family. jimfbleak 05:49, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * That'll solve it, thanks! I am not surprised Wikipedia is more up-to-date on the modern thinking :) Pcb21| Pete 11:35, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 1 one external link on Cotinga. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:Cotinga


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EMD GP7

The EMD GP7 is a four-axle (B-B) diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division and General Motors Diesel between October 1949 and May 1954.

The GP7 was the first EMD road locomotive to use a hood unit design instead of a car-body design. This proved to be more efficient than the car body design as the hood unit cost less to build, was cheaper and easier to maintain, and had much better front and rear visibility for switching. Power was provided by an EMD 567B 16-cylinder engine which generated 1500 hp. The GP7 was offered both with and without control cabs, and those built without control cabs were called a GP7B. Five GP7B's were built between March and April 1953.

Of the 2,734 GP7's built, 2,620 were for American railroads (including 5 GP7B units built for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway), 112 were built for Canadian railroads, and 2 were built for Mexican railroads.

This was the first model in EMD's GP (General Purpose) series of locomotives. Concurrently, EMD offered a six-axle (C-C) SD (Special Duty) locomotive, the SD7. The GP7 was replaced by the GP9 model in GM-EMD's GP sequence.

History
ALCO, Fairbanks-Morse, and Baldwin had all introduced road switchers before EMD, whose first attempt at the road-switcher, the BL2 was unsuccessful in the market, selling only 58 units in the 14 months it was in production. Its replacement, the GP7, swapped the truss-framed stressed car body for an un-stressed body on a frame made from flat, formed and rolled structural steel members and steel forgings welded into a single structure (a "weldment"), a basic design which is still being employed today. In heavy service, the GP7’s frame would bow and sag over time. This defect was corrected in later models.

The GP7 proved very popular, and EMD was barely able to meet demand, even after opening a second assembly plant at Cleveland, Ohio. Later, locomotives in EMD's GP-series came to be nicknamed ‘Geeps’. Many GP7s both high and short-hood can still be found in service today on shortline railroads and industrial operators. Although most Class 1 roads stopped using these locomotives by the 1980s some remain in rebuilt form on some major Class I railroads, as switcher locomotives.. The "GP" designation stood for "general purpose", while the "7" had no meaning other than matching the EMD F7 cab unit then in production.

Identification
The GP7, GP9 and GP18 locomotives share a similar car-body that evolved over time. Most GP7s had three sets of ventilation grills under the cab (where the GP9 only had one), and two pair of grills at the end of the long hood (where only the pair nearest the end was retained on the GP9). However, some late GP7s were built with car-bodies that were identical to early GP9s. Early GP7s had a solid skirt above the fuel tank, while late GP7s and early GP9s had access holes in the skirt (see photo of Illinois Terminal 1605, top left). Many railroads later removed most of the skirt to improve access and inspection.

Locomotives could be built with the engineer’s control stand installed for either the long hood, or the short hood designated as the front. Two control stands for either direction running was also an option, but one end would still be designated as the front for maintenance purposes. The GP7 was also available with or without dynamic brakes, and a steam generator installed in the short hood was also an option. In the latter case, the 1600 usgal fuel tank was divided, with half for diesel fuel, and half for boiler water. One option available for locomotives without dynamic brakes, was to remove the two 22.5 x air reservoir tanks from under the frame, and replace them with four 12 x tanks that were installed on the roof of the locomotive, above the prime mover. These "torpedo tubes" as they were nicknamed, enabled the fuel and water tanks to be increased to 1100 usgal each, although some railroads opted for roof-mounted air tanks and 2200 usgal fuel tanks on their freight ‘Geeps’.

Locomotives built by General Motors Diesel, Canada
GP7 locomotives were built at GMD's London Ontario plant for domestic Canadian railway purchasers, and for some US railroads like the C&O and Wabash who owned and operated over trackage in Canada (specifically the southern Ontario area).

Rebuilds, modifications and conversions
There are five GP7s on A J Kristopan's EMD Serial number page that reused previous serial numbers: B&O 6405 (preserved), CRI&P 1308 (2nd), L&N 501 (2nd) and 502 (2nd), and SLSF 615 (2nd). These rebuilt units were rebuilt as new on new frames. Another rebuild by GMD is that CN 4824 was rebuilt as a GP7 with parts from an F3A in October 1958.

Over 100 GP7s and four of the GP7Bs were built with 567BC or 567C engines starting in March 1953 through May 1954. These are noted on the roster above.

Many railroads rebuilt their GP7s with low short hoods; some railroads went further in their rebuilding than others. Missouri Pacific Railroad upgraded their GP7s with 567BC engines (a B-block upgraded to C-block specs) and replaced the standard EMD 2-stack exhaust with a 4-stack "liberated" exhaust, raising their power output to 1600 hp.

Illinois Central Railroad rebuilt most of its GP7s with 567BC engines, 4-stack exhausts, paper air-intake filters, 26-L brakes (their original 6-BL brakes made them operationally incompatible with locomotives fitted with 24-RL brakes). All but the first locomotive rebuilt had their front (short) hood reduced in height for improved crew visibility. The IC designated these rebuilt locomotives GP8. The IC acquired many second-hand units through Precision National Corporation (PNC), and then started offering their GP8/GP10 rebuilding services to other railroads through their Paducah Shops (note, a rebuilt "Paducah Geep" was designated a GP8 or GP10 depending on the power output of the rebuilt engine, not necessarily what it was rebuilt from).

In 1960 the Alaska Railroad purchased a dozen GP7Ls from the US Army and rebuilt eleven of them in 1965 with low short hoods for better visual clearance. One of the ten remaining Alaska GP7s was rebuilt by Morrison-Knudsen in 1976. The other nine units were rebuilt at Paducah Shops in 1976-1977.

Canadian Pacific Railway rebuilt their GP7 fleet in the early 1980's as GP7u units for yard service, including a chopped short hood, new numberboards and front cab windows, and upgrading the 567B prime movers with 645 power assemblies and to "BC" engine block specs (some upgraded with 567C engine blocks out of retired F-units).

Preservation
Numerous GP7s have been preserved on tourist lines and in museums. Holders include:

 * Conway Scenic Railroad
 * Florida Railroad Museum
 * Illinois Railway Museum
 * Lebanon Mason Monroe Railroad
 * Minnesota Transportation Museum
 * Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum
 * United Railroad Historical Society of New Jersey
 * Western Pacific Railroad Museum
 * Grand Canyon Railway
 * Toronto Railway Museum
 * Southeastern Railway Museum
 * Stone Mountain Scenic Railroad
 * Hocking Valley Scenic Railway
 * Grapevine Vintage Railroad
 * Conrad Yelvington Distributors Railroad

title: EMD GP7


text:
User talk:OldRight

My original account name was Old Right, but I've changed it to simply OldRight. This is because for some reason I can't get into my "Old Right" account (even though I saved the password on the "Create account / log in" page) and I've forgotten my password. -- OldRight 02:21, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I am likely to VFD your Democrat category. This category would be insufficient in its current form unless it had every blooming Democrat in the Wikipedia inside of it, and that is not only insane but also quite unneeded. 24.76.141.128 02:32, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Joe Scarborough
I am inclined to agree with removing the Lori Klausutis paragraph as it really has no point, but the people who are deleting the paragraph really need to make their case instead of deleting it. I am restoring the paragraph until you or Mirror Vax explain your side, as we're all waiting in order to fully debate this. Conradrock 06:16, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I noticed your response, however, it still doesn't explain the reverts without participating in the discussion regarding the article. I do agree to removing the paragraph in question; but since you and User:MirrorVax were the ones instigating the deletion, it was up to you two to respond to the other parties in the dispute. Instead, you just deleted the paragraph with no edit summary. I have nothing against you other than that, lack of participation in an RFC process, lack of utilization of edit summaries, and lack of response to mine and other's attempts to quell the situation. --Conradrock 21:07, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Arbitration
I have requested arbitration against you. See Requests for arbitration. Sincerely --Neutralitytalk 01:13, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

Response
Thank you for your reasoned response to my accusation. You and Crevaner do seem to have stopped the double voting some months ago. Since you admit that it wasn't a good idea, I don't see any reason to pursue the matter. - SimonP 21:38, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

Arbitration Committee case opening
Requests for arbitration/OldRight has been accepted and is now open. Please bring evidence to Requests for arbitration/OldRight/Evidence. Thank you. -- sannse (talk) 19:14, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Dennis Miller
That yahoo keeps vandalizing poor ol' Dennis Miller, for reasons best known to his bean-brained self. I've given up reverting his perversions. Good luck. In fact, he reverted your reversion. He must check that entry 100 times a day to see if anyone has removed his stupid comments. Wahkeenah 2 July 2005 20:24 (UTC)

Laurie Coleman
While I agree that pro-life is a legit term, in this article, it is talking about Casserly and her activism against abortion. She may be a pro-lifer, but she was well known for her crusade against abortion, not the death penalty, euthenasia, etc. Let me know why you think that putting abortion in the article is incorrect and pro-life is correct. (looks like it was taken out of the article) MicahMN | Talk 01:26, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Your Arbitration case
The Arbitration case against you has been closed, with you placed on Probation for one year (until 14 September 2006).

Yours,

James F. (talk) 01:58, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

MAN, that's good to know. Good for Wikipedia for spanking a silly, worthless vandal. Must be pretty humiliating 69.64.213.146 10:20, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Question
Sorry about the arbitration verdict. I have a question: IYHO, which is the greater enemy, "liberalism" or "neoconservatism"? Just curious. --Midnite Critic 23:30, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your response.--Midnite Critic 01:59, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

U.S. presidential election, 2002 (fictional)
Thanks a LOT for adding the electoral vote count, I could find the popular count online but I didn't have the episode on DVD to find the electoral count! Thanks again. Staxringold 15:34, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

WW time skew
Please discuss your changes to the article Timeline skew theories for The West Wing on the talk page. We have absolutely no citations for any of the information such as the Key Biscayne fact, or even that this meeting was going to take place. If you read the sections above the theory you are changing, you will see that much of the information you keep adding back is already in the article. Please come to Talk:Timeline skew theories for The West Wing before changing the page again. -Scm83x 21:40, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:OldRight


text:
EMD GP9

The EMD GP9 is a four-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division between 1954 and 1959. The GP9 succeeded the GP7 as the second model of EMD's General Purpose (GP) line, incorporating a new sixteen-cylinder engine which generated 1750 hp. This locomotive type was offered both with and without control cabs; locomotives built without control cabs were called GP9B locomotives.

EMD constructed 3,626 GP9s, including 165 GP9Bs. An additional 646 GP9s were built by General Motors Diesel, EMD's Canadian subsidiary, for a total of 4,257 GP9s produced when Canadian production ended in 1963. The GP9 was succeeded by the similar but slightly more powerful GP18.

Design and Production
EMD designed the GP9 as an improved version of the GP7, with an increase in power from 1,500 hp to 1,750 hp, and a change in prime mover to the latest version of the 567 engine, the 567C. Externally, the GP9 strongly resembled its predecessor. Most were built with high short hoods, but the Southern Pacific ordered a number with low short hoods for improved crew visibility.

EMD built GP9s at its LaGrange, Illinois facility until 1959, when American production was ended in favor of the GP18. GMD production in Canada continued until August 1963, when the final GP9 was produced.

Rebuilds
There were 40 GP9M units built that are included in the 3,441 units built for United States railroads. A GP9M was built with parts from another older EMD locomotive, either an F unit or a damaged GP7. The use of parts from these older locomotives caused the GP9Ms to have a lower power rating than a GP9. This would be either 1350 hp if the donor locomotive was an FT/F2 or 1500 hp from F3/F7/GP7 locomotives.

Many rebuilt GP9s remain in service today with shortline railroads and industrial operators. Some remain in rebuilt form on some major Class I railroads, as switcher locomotives although most Class 1 railroads stopped using these locomotives by the 1980s. Canadian National still had 29 GP9RM locomotives in operation, as of 2022. Canadian Pacific had many GP9u locomotives in operation; however, they were all retired in 2015.

EMD GP15C
Several GP9s were rebuilt with a 1500 hp CAT 3512 and re-classified as GP15C.

EMD GP10
The Illinois Central Railroad rebuilt some of its GP9s with their front (short) hood reduced in height for improved crew visibility. The IC designated these rebuilt locomotives GP10.

EMD GP20C-ECO
EMD has rebuilt and continues to rebuild GP9s into what it calls the GP20C-ECO, which is repowered with an EMD 8-710-G3A engine in place of the original 567 prime mover.

EMD GP9E and GP9R
Between April 1970 and March 1979, the St. Louis Southwestern Railway (also known as the "Cotton Belt Route") and the Southern Pacific Transportation Company had rebuilt the majority of their EMD GP9 locomotives into EMD GP9E and GP9R locomotives.

Preservation
At least 23 GP9 locomotives have been preserved at various railroad museums, as "park engines", and as excursion engines according to The Diesel Shop:
 * B&O 6607, originally numbered 3414, is at the B&O Railroad Museum, Baltimore, Maryland, in operating condition.
 * Southern Pacific 3194, a GP9R rebuild built as Texas and New Orleans 281, is at the Golden Gate RR Museum, California. It is in operating condition.
 * Northern Pacific 245 preserved at the Lake Superior Railroad Museum in Duluth, currently painted as North Shore Scenic Railroad 245.

title: EMD GP9


text:
Canoe Creek State Park

Canoe Creek State Park is a 911.91 acre Pennsylvania state park in Frankstown Township in Blair County, Pennsylvania. It is 12 miles east of Altoona, the nearest city. Canoe Lake, at 155 acre, is the focus of recreation at the park and is open for fishing year-round. Canoe Creek State Park is a half mile off U.S. Route 22 near the small town of Canoe Creek. The park was opened to the public in 1979 and was developed as part of an expansion effort in the 1970s to improve the state park system in Pennsylvania.

Canoe Creek State Park was chosen by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) and its Bureau of Parks as one of "Twenty Must-See Pennsylvania State Parks".

Industrial history
The area in and surrounding Canoe Creek State Park is rich in limestone. The limestone was quarried and used for many purposes like providing needed raw materials for the iron and steel industries of Pennsylvania. There are several abandoned quarries on the park lands. Two limekilns also operated within the boundaries of the park during the 1900s. The remnants of a kiln once owned by the Blair Limestone Company stand today as a reminder of the industrial past. The Blair Limestone Company kiln is a stop on the Path of Progress tour, a driving tour of Pennsylvania's industrial heritage stretching for 500 mi.

Wildlife
The Frank Felbaum Bat Sanctuary is the home of the largest nursery colony of little brown bats in Pennsylvania. This one-time church, now known as the Canoe Creek Bat Refuge, attracts visitors interested in observing the bats as they emerge each night for feeding. The park is also the site of a hibernaculum for more than 30,000 bats of six species, including the endangered Indiana bat.

Canoe Creek State park is on the path followed by many species of migratory birds including waterfowl, bald eagles and ospreys. The wetlands provide habitat for birds like the bluebird, oriole, red-winged blackbird and the brown thrasher.

The park also provided a habitat for the woodland creatures most common in Pennsylvania, white-tailed deer, turkey, squirrels, chipmunks, and ruffed grouse. The hunting of these animals is permitted during the hunting seasons designated by the Pennsylvania Game Commission.

Recreation
Canoe Lake is stocked with game fish by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Fisherman can catch bass, trout, walleye, muskellunge, pickerel and catfish during the summer and winter months at Canoe Lake. Ice fishing is permitted, but the thickness of the ice is not monitored.

The sand beach at Canoe Lake is opened starting Memorial Day weekend and ending Labor Day weekend. Beginning in 2008 lifeguards will not be posted at the beach.

The only motorized boats permitted on Canoe Lake are electrically powered. They must be properly registered with any state. Non-powered boats such as rowboats, canoes and kayaks must also display registration stickers from any state.

There are eight miles of trails that are open year-round to hiking, cross-country skiing, horseback riding, mountain biking and snowmobiles. These trails follow the shores of Canoe Lake and pass through woodlands, wetlands, meadows and the historic limestone kilns. Hikers are asked to wear fluorescent orange, for safety matters, when hiking during hunting season.

Canoe Creek State Park has a large picnic area near the lake. Charcoal grills are available for use. There are three pavilions for rent. Eight modern cabins are available to rent year-round. Each cabin sleeps six people and has electric heat, two bedrooms, living room, dining room, bathroom, and kitchen. Outside of the cabins are a fire ring and picnic table.

The Terry Wentz Education Center is open year-round, near the modern cabins, and provides brochures on the education program and the wildlife of the park.

Nearby state parks
The following state parks are within 30 mi of Canoe Creek State Park:
 * Black Moshannon State Park (Centre County)
 * Blue Knob State Park (Bedford County)
 * Greenwood Furnace State Park (Huntingdon County)
 * Prince Gallitzin State Park (Cambria County)
 * Trough Creek State Park (Huntingdon County)
 * Warriors Path State Park (Bedford County)
 * Whipple Dam State Park (Huntingdon County)

title: Canoe Creek State Park


text:
I. Beverly Lake Sr.

Isaac Beverly Lake Sr. (1906–1996), was an American jurist, law professor at Wake Forest University and Campbell University, and politician. He was born in Wake Forest, North Carolina.

Early career
A graduate of Wake Forest College and Harvard Law School, Lake joined the staff of North Carolina Attorney General Harry McMullan in 1950. There, he drew upon his knowledge of public utility law to handle rate cases before the state Utilities Commission, which earned him a reputation as a consumer advocate. When the United States Supreme Court invited North Carolina to appear as amicus curiae in the famous Brown v. Board of Education case in 1954, Lake argued against it, telling the governor that it was a "diabolical scheme" designed to subject the state directly to whatever orders the Court issued as a consequence of the decision. The governor nevertheless decided to file an amicus brief, and Lake presented the state's case in defense of segregation before the Supreme Court during hearings over "Brown II".

1960 campaign for governor
After the Supreme Court handed down its decision insisting on the dismantling of the state's segregated school system, Lake attacked the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in a speech in Asheboro, accusing it of agitating the state's African-American population. Lake's speech established him as a leader of the state's segregationists, some of whom suggested that he should run for governor. Now in private practice, Lake remained coy but continued to assist segregationist efforts, attacking the sitting governor, Luther Hodges, for caving in to national pressure to adopt a moderate course and preparing a bill for the North Carolina General Assembly that would have amended the state's constitution to remove the requirement for a system of publicly funded schools.

Yet as the 1960 gubernatorial election approached, Lake initially announced that he would not be a candidate for governor due to a lack of funds. The entry of the state's moderate attorney-general, Malcolm Seawell into the race, along with the start of the lunch-counter demonstrations in Greensboro caused Lake to change his mind, and he announced his candidacy for the office. In one advertisement, he wrote "The mixing of our two great races in the classroom and then in the home is not inevitable and is not to be tolerated." Lake made segregation the dominant issue of his campaign, attacking Hodges's management of integration and the NAACP. With Robert Burren Morgan acting as his Campaign Manager, Lake did well enough to place second in the Democratic primary to Terry Sanford, but in the subsequent runoff election, Sanford defeated Lake by a margin of 50,000 votes.

Subsequent career
In 1964 Lake ran for governor again, but he did not survive the first primary. After conceding the race, he threw his support to Judge Dan Moore, which was crucial to Moore's victory in the runoff. In return for his support, Moore named Lake to the next opening on the North Carolina Supreme Court.

Lake was sworn-in as an associate justice on August 30, 1965. He served until 1978.

He was the father of I. Beverly Lake Jr., who followed him into politics and law.

title: I. Beverly Lake Sr.


text:
Fort Negley

Fort Negley was a fortification built by Union troops after the capture of Nashville, Tennessee during the American Civil War, located approximately 2 mi south of the city center. It was the largest inland fort built in the United States during the war.

History
Once Confederate forces were routed in February, 1862, from Forts Henry and Donelson (on the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers, respectively), Confederate commanders decided that any further effort in the defense of Nashville would be pointless, and they abandoned any attempt to keep Nashville behind their lines. It was almost immediately occupied by Union forces, who rapidly began preparations for its defense. The largest of the fortifications erected was Fort Negley, a star-shaped limestone block structure atop St. Cloud Hill, south of the city. The construction of the fort was overseen by Captain James St. Clair Morton. The fort was constructed out of 62,500 cuft of stone, 18,000 cuft of earth and cost $130,000. It was largely constructed using the labor of local slaves (including women), newly freed slaves who had flocked to Nashville once it was taken by Union forces with the understanding that their status as slaves was to be revoked were they to work for the Union, and by free blacks forcibly conscripted for the work. Records show that 2,768 blacks were officially enrolled in its construction. The fort was named for Union Army commander General James S. Negley.

When the Battle of Nashville finally began in December 1864, it was largely fought on the heights even farther south of the city than Fort Negley, which despite its then-impressive appearance never played a leading military role. Shortly after the war, the fort was abandoned and fell into ruin; however, its outline could be readily discerned for many years afterwards in the encroaching woods. During the Reconstruction period, the area was used as a meeting place for the Ku Klux Klan, as confirmed by former Klansman Marcus B. Toney.

Preservation
In the 1930s, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) made a major project of the restoration of Fort Negley. However, almost simultaneous with the completion of this project came the United States' entry into World War II. Neither the manpower, funds, or the interest was available at the time to reopen the fort as an historic or interpretative center. After the war, the fort was allowed to continue to languish, becoming the site of vandalism and minor crime; entry to the site was finally prohibited and the area reverted to forest. However, the surrounding grounds became the site of a municipal park, first as the site of baseball and softball fields for youth and adult leagues, and later as the site of Herschel Greer Stadium, a Minor League Baseball ballpark. The Cumberland Science Museum, a continuation under a new name and in a new venue of the former Nashville Children's Museum (now the Adventure Science Center), was built on the northwestern slope. Most visitors to the stadium and the museum were generally unaware of what was on the wooded hilltop other than it was something which they were not allowed to access.

After years of discussions and negotiations, historic preservationists were successful in getting sufficient funding in the early 2000s for another restoration project, and the fort was reopened to the public for the first time in decades on December 10, 2004. The project went ahead when it was shown that similar places in other cities resulted in more economic stimulation and hence more tax revenue from the resultant tourism than was spent on the maintenance and operation of such sites. The recent restoration was not an attempt to restore the fort completely to its Civil War condition but rather to stabilize the ruins and make them more accessible and visible by removing many of the largest trees and moving some of the blocks back to their original positions; what exists today is a combination of the original fortification and the WPA restoration. In 2007, an additional $1 million in city funds was used to build a visitor's center. More work on the site is planned.

Part of the city's 2017 proposed plan to redevelop the Greer Stadium site, it having sat vacant since 2015, involved highlighting the Fort's history through the creation of educational spaces and interpretive trails and the preservation of the fort and its sightlines. The plan also included redeveloping the adjacent Greer Stadium property to include music and art space, a community center, open park space, retail space, and affordable housing. The presence of significant Civil War and African American historical resources, the city's stated goal of adding 4,500 acres of park land by 2027, and the city's closed-door process of selecting a redevelopment plan were met with criticism. The developers cancelled their plans in January 2018 after archaeologists determined that undisturbed areas on the edge of the Greer property, but not part of the stadium itself, were the unmarked burial sites of slaves forced to build Fort Negley. Mayor Megan Barry expressed her desire that the site honor the history of those who died building the fort.

Fort Negley is now listed as a Site of Memory in the Slave Route Project of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). A master plan for restoration of the site as a park and for interpretation of the site's complex history was completed in 2022.

title: Fort Negley


text:
User:Chris Easton

Christopher Arthur Ralph Easton (Born December 3, 1984 in Culver City, CA)

.. Is currently attending University of California: San Diego pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science. Is also a PHP/MySQL programmer.

Website Crap

 * psx-dude.net
 * secondangle studios
 * ChrisEaston.com
 * Universe.nu
 * Development Server

title: User:Chris Easton


text: Category:Counties of Liberia

title: Category:Counties of Liberia


text:
EMD GP18

The EMD GP18 is a 4-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors, Electro-Motive Division between December 1959 and November 1963. Power was provided by an 16-567D1 16-cylinder engine which generated 1800 hp. The GP18 replaced the GP9 in EMD's catalog. 350 examples of this locomotive model were built for American railroads, 40 units were built for Mexican railroads, 12 were built for export to a Brazilian railroad, 2 were exported to Peru, and 1 was exported to Saudi Arabia.

Design and Production
The GP18 in many ways resembled its predecessors, the GP7 and GP9. It was designed nearly identically to the two previous models, but differed in having a metal grid over its radiator shutters, while the GP7 and GP9 instead incorporated a design described as looking like "chicken wire". Additionally, the GP18 had 50 more horsepower than the GP9, for a total of 1,800 horsepower.

GP18s could be customized by their buyers: railroads ordered GP18s with either high or low short hoods, with or without dynamic brakes, and in the case of Grand Trunk Western, with the optional addition of steam generators.

title: EMD GP18


text: Category:Subdivisions of Liberia

title: Category:Subdivisions of Liberia


text:
Talk:List of people who have been considered deities/to do

Moderators are removing legitimate entries about people who have said they are gods. This article is not "famous people who have said they are gods".

The following subjects lack citations from outside of Wikipedia, or they have been suggested as possible entrants and not fully validated, or they are debated and need further validation. Quotes are preffered but others which have authority are good as well. Google Print combined with WikiBib will hopefully bring about a good bit of success.

 * Krishna
 * relevant quote will come from an English translation of the Bhagavad Gita

 * Category:Japanese emperors
 * http://www.chukai.ne.jp/~masago/ningen.html
 * Arahitogami
 * Emperor of Japan
 * Shinto
 * Ningen-sengen

 * Persian Emperors, further, Aztec, Incan and Mayan emperors and kings
 * Rama, Balarama, Hanuman
 * Various Popes
 * I have a document which is in the public domain which I am typing up to put on Wikisource that will shed a lot of light on this. It is also very long so I require some time. --Alterego 17:53, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Unam sanctam
 * Unam sanctam (English) (Version 1)

 * Sun Myung Moon
 * Ted R. Kurts, Meher Baba, Sathya Sai Baba need photos
 * Juanita García Peraza

Timeline of self-proclaimed deities
 * The name of the article has been discussed, and yet to be agreed upon. See proposals.
 * There is a timeline associated with this article which is now out of date. It's usefulness was contested in the past. Perhaps it can be deleted, or a more useful one can be made. There is now a graphical interface to EasyTimeline which could make this task easier
 * style="text-align:center; border: 1;" align="center" colspan="3" |
 * style="text-align:center; border: 1;" align="center" colspan="3" |


text:
EMD GP28

An EMD GP28 is a 4-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between March 1964 and November 1965. Power was provided by an EMD 16-567D1 16-cylinder engine which generated 1800 hp. This locomotive was basically a naturally aspirated version of the EMD GP35.

16 examples of this locomotive model were built for American railroads, 10 were built for Mexican railroads, and five were built for use in Peru.

title: EMD GP28


text:
EMD GP38

The EMD GP38 is a four-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between January 1966 and December 1971. The locomotive's prime mover was an EMD 645 16-cylinder engine that generated 2000 hp. The company built 706 GP38s for North American railroads.

In 1972, EMD began making an updated model, the GP38-2, as part of its Dash-2 line.

Rebuilds
A number of GP38s have been rebuilt into the equivalent of a GP38-2.

Conversely, a number of higher horsepower 40 Series locomotives have been rebuilt into the equivalent of a GP38-2 (GP38AC), by the removal of the turbocharger and the substitution of twin Roots blowers.

In 2007, Norfolk Southern rebuilt #2911 which is an ex Penn Central GP38 into an experimental zero-emissions Battery-Electric locomotive known as the Altoona Works BP4. The new locomotive was renumbered as NS #999. It has since been sold to Rail Propulsions Systems, where it was upgraded for eventual use in the Los Angeles Basin region.

Preservation

 * Conway Scenic Railroad 252, built as Maine Central (MEC) 252, is preserved and operates on excursions on the former MEC Notch Route.
 * Conway Scenic Railroad 255, built as Maine Central 255, was acquired in October 2021 and serves alongside 252.
 * Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia Railway 80, is preserved in operational condition at the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum.
 * West Chester Railroad 7706, built as Penn Central 7706, is preserved and operates on tourist trains on the former PRR line.
 * Chessie System 3802, built as Baltimore & Ohio 3802, is preserved and operates at the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Museum in Baltimore, Maryland.
 * Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines 2000, is preserved on the Cape May Seashore Lines in Tuckahoe, New Jersey.

title: EMD GP38


text: User talk:69.104.164.145

title: User talk:69.104.164.145