text:
JRuby

JRuby is an implementation of the Ruby programming language atop the Java Virtual Machine, written largely in Java. It is free software released under a three-way EPL/GPL/LGPL license. JRuby is tightly integrated with Java to allow the embedding of the interpreter into any Java application with full two-way access between the Java and the Ruby code (similar to Jython for the Python language).

JRuby's lead developers are Charles Oliver Nutter and Thomas Enebo, with many current and past contributors including Ola Bini and Nick Sieger. In September 2006, Sun Microsystems hired Enebo and Nutter to work on JRuby full-time. In June 2007, ThoughtWorks hired Ola Bini to work on Ruby and JRuby.

In July 2009, the JRuby developers left Sun to continue JRuby development at Engine Yard. In May 2012, Nutter and Enebo left Engine Yard to work on JRuby at Red Hat.

History
JRuby was originally created by Jan Arne Petersen, in 2001. At that time and for several years following, the code was a direct port of the Ruby 1.6 C code. With the release of Ruby 1.8.6, an effort began to update JRuby to 1.8.6 features and semantics. Since 2001, several contributors have assisted the project, leading to the current core team of around six members.

JRuby 1.1 added Just-in-time compilation and Ahead-of-time compilation modes to JRuby and was already faster in most cases than the then-current Ruby 1.8.7 reference implementation.

JRuby packages are available for most platforms; Fedora 9 was among the first to include it as a standard package at JRuby 1.1.1.

In July 2009, the core JRuby developers at Sun Microsystems, Charles Oliver Nutter, Thomas Enebo and Nick Sieger, joined Engine Yard to continue JRuby development. In May 2012, Nutter and Enebo left Engine Yard to work on JRuby at Red Hat.

JRuby has supported compatibility with Ruby MRI versions 1.6 through 1.9.3. JRuby 1.0 supported Ruby 1.8.6, with JRuby 1.4.0 updating that compatibility to Ruby 1.8.7. JRuby 1.6.0 added simultaneous support for Ruby 1.9.2, with JRuby 1.7.0 making Ruby 1.9.3 the default execution mode (Ruby 1.8.7 compatibility is available via a command-line flag). JRuby 9.0.0.0 added support for Ruby 2.2.

The current version of JRuby (9.4.3.0) targets Ruby 3.1, though some 3.1 features are still in work.

Ruby on Rails
JRuby has been able to run the Ruby on Rails web framework since version 0.9 (May 2006), with the ability to execute RubyGems and WEBrick. Since the hiring of the two lead developers by Sun, Rails compatibility and speed have improved greatly. JRuby version 1.0 successfully passed nearly all of Rails's own test cases. Since then, developers have begun to use JRuby for Rails applications in production environments.

Multiple virtual machine collaboration
On February 27, 2008, Sun Microsystems and the University of Tokyo announced a joint-research project to implement a virtual machine capable of executing more than one Ruby or JRuby application on one interpreter.

Dynamic invocation on Java Virtual Machines
JSR 292 (Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the JavaTM Platform) proposes:
 * adding a new  instruction at the JVM level, allowing method invocation using dynamic type checking,
 * dynamically changing classes and methods at runtime.

The Sun Open source project Multi Language Virtual Machine aims to prototype this JSR. The first working prototype, developed as a patch on OpenJDK, was announced and made available on end of August 2008.

The JRuby team has implemented dynamic invocation into their codebase. Dynamic invocation initially shipped with the 1.1.5 release in a primitive form. Version 1.7.0 enabled it by default on Java 8 builds.

Release history
This table presents only releases that present significant steps in JRuby history, aside from versions that mainly fixed bugs and improved performance. Performance improvements are also not shown in the table below, as every release has usually brought such improvements.

Design
Since early 2006, the current JRuby core team has endeavored to move JRuby beyond being a simple C port, to support better performance and to aid eventual compilation to Java bytecode. To support this end, the team set an ambitious goal: to be able to run Ruby on Rails unmodified using JRuby. In the process of achieving this goal, the JRuby test suite expanded to such extent that the team gained confidence in the "correctness" of JRuby. As a result, toward the end of 2006 and in the beginning of 2007, they began to commit much more complicated redesigns and refactorings of JRuby's core subsystems.

JRuby is designed to work as a mixed-mode virtual machine for Ruby, where code can be either interpreted directly, just-in-time compiled at runtime to Java bytecode, or ahead-of-time compiled to Java bytecode before execution. Until October 2007, only the interpreted mode supported all Ruby's constructs, but a full AOT/JIT compiler is available since version 1.1. The compiler design allows for interpreted and compiled code to run side-by-side, as well as decompilation to reoptimize and outputting generated bytecode as Java class files.

Frameworks support
JRuby has built-in support for Rails, RSpec, Rake, and RubyGems. It embeds an FFI subsystem to allow the use of C libraries bundled as gems. It also allows launching the Interactive Ruby Shell (irb) as Ruby MRI does.

The Netbeans Ruby Pack, available in NetBeans 6, allows IDE development with Ruby and JRuby, as well as Ruby on Rails for the two implementations of Ruby. It is no longer included in NetBeans 7.0 and later.

Ruby meets Java
JRuby is similar to the standard Ruby interpreter except written in Java. JRuby features some of the same concepts, including object-oriented programming, and dynamic typing as Ruby. The key difference is that JRuby is tightly integrated with Java, and can be called directly from Java programs. Java has significant footing in the development of web applications.

JRuby calling Java
One powerful feature of JRuby is its ability to invoke the classes of the Java Platform. To do this, one must first load JRuby's Java support, by calling "require 'java'". The following example creates a Java JFrame with a JLabel: JRuby also allows the user to call Java code using the more Ruby-like underscore method naming and to refer to JavaBean properties as attributes:

Calling JRuby from Java
JRuby can just as easily be called from Java, using either the JSR 223 Scripting for Java 6 or the Apache Bean Scripting framework.

Performance
According to some benchmarks, JRuby is faster than alternatives. Since implementations vary in how much code is loaded before execution, different methods of measuring speed can lead to biased interpretations of performance advantages. The time it takes for a Java Virtual Machine itself to load is often excluded from execution times when calculating benchmarks.

JRuby has the significant architectural advantage to be able to leverage JVM threads without being constrained by a global interpreter lock (similarly to Rubinius), therefore achieving full parallelism within a process, which Ruby MRI cannot achieve despite leveraging OS threads.

In a real Mongrel web server application tested in 2007, JRuby performance is better than Ruby MRI 1.8, after the Java Virtual Machine had been instantiated.

In a 2007 benchmark of Ruby implementations, JRuby was faster than Ruby MRI 1.8 in some tests, but YARV outperformed both of them.

As of April 2014, in The Computer Language Benchmarks Game, JRuby 1.7.4 typically has the same performance as Ruby MRI 2.1.0, but uses more memory.

title: JRuby


text:
User talk:Simoncpu

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

Maupay nga aldaw ha iyo nga tanan!

=Spelling= Simon, small spelling correction for your user page - prophisied is not a word. I believe you meant prophesied. Cute use of Lorum ipsum, btw. KillerChihuahua

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Simoncpu


text:
Northern Line (Sydney)

The Northern Line (numbered T9, coloured red) is a commuter rail line operated by Sydney Trains in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It serves some of Sydney's Inner West and Northern suburbs. It was spun off from the old T1 North Shore, Northern & Western Line as a separate line in April 2019, to distinguish and make it more easily identified from the other T1 services. It is also a reincarnation of the older Northern Line which was under operation until 2013.

Original incarnation (until 2013)
The traditional Northern Line was the suburban portion of the Main North railway line (Strathfield - Hornsby) which opened in 1886 and was electrified in 1926. When the Sydney Harbour Bridge was opened, it connected railway services from the Main North line and the City underground onto the North Shore line.

Passenger services used to operate as the Main North Line (same name as the physical railway line) and was colour coded red on railway maps. It operated all the way to Cowan, until the service was truncated to Berowra in January 1992. The service, along with the North Shore Line service (yellow), later also ran along the North Shore railway line towards the City via the Harbour Bridge, forming a continuous loop via Strathfield, Epping and back to Hornsby.

In later years, the line operated as the Northern Line and ran from Hornsby to North Sydney via Strathfield and the City, with the North Shore line replacing services between Hornsby and Berowra. In February 2009, the Epping to Chatswood rail link was opened. In October 2009, the Northern Line service was integrated with the shuttle service between Epping and Chatswood. As a result, the traditional Northern Line was split in two, with trains from north of Epping operating via the new link, approaching the city via the North Shore Line and rejoining the traditional route before terminating at Epping.

Part of T1 (2013 to 2019)
In October 2013, the Northern Line, North Shore Line and Western line were merged to form the T1 North Shore, Northern & Western Line, which was colour coded yellow.

On weekdays, trains from the upper Northern Line (Hornsby via Macquarie University) joined up with the Western Line trains towards Richmond or Emu Plains, while trains from the lower Northern Line (Epping via Strathfield) joined up with the North Shore Line trains towards Hornsby or Berowra. On weekends, trains ran similar to prior to merger, where the lower Northern Line trains from Epping continue onto the upper Northern Line trains at Chatswood into Hornsby via Macquarie University.

In September 2018, the Epping to Chatswood line closed in order to be converted to metro standards as part of the Sydney Metro Northwest project. As a result, the traditional Northern line branch from Hornsby to Central via Strathfield was reinstated.

Reincarnation (since 2019)
On 28 April 2019, as part of the integration with the Sydney Metro Northwest, the Northern Line branch was spin-off from the T1 Line and became a separate T9 Northern Line, though using the same rolling stock. The new line runs from Hornsby to Gordon via Strathfield (and vice-versa). The separated line runs a similar route to the pre-2009 incarnation of the line. It is also similarly colour-coded red.

In September 2023 it became the first line in Sydney to be fully wheelchair accessible, with the completion of the upgrade at Denistone station.

Route
The line begins at Hornsby - a junction station with the North Shore Line. The line heads south to Strathfield via Epping using the Main North Line, crossing the Parramatta River between Rhodes and Meadowbank. At Strathfield, trains usually head onto a flyover over the 'Main lines', before heading east onto the Main Suburban Railway, usually using the middle 'Suburban' pair of the six tracks between Redfern and Strathfield. Trains pass through Redfern and Central, then through the western limb of the City Circle before heading across the Harbour Bridge. Trains then head north along the North Shore towards Gordon, where they continue as T1 North Shore line trains (to Hornsby or Berowra).

For off-peak and weekend services, the T9 generally makes a complete loop from Hornsby to Hornsby or Berowra (anti-clockwise), and vice versa. However, the route is split into two distinct stopping patterns during the morning and afternoon peak:

Anti-clockwise direction: Clockwise direction:
 * All stations from Hornsby to Epping, then Eastwood, West Ryde, Meadowbank, Rhodes, Strathfield, Burwood and then finally terminating at Central (Grand Concourse).
 * All stations from Epping to Strathfield, then Redfern, Central, then all stations to Gordon, then all stations to Hornsby or Berowra (continuing as T1 North Shore line).
 * All stations from Berowra or Hornsby or Lindfield to Redfern, then Strathfield, and then all stations to Epping.
 * Central (Grand Concourse), then Burwood, Strathfield, Rhodes, Meadowbank, West Ryde, Eastwood, Epping, and then all stations to Hornsby.

The route from the Northern Line to Redfern station is officially branded and published as T9, but from Central onwards, PIDS (Passenger Information Display Screens) show all services as T1, even if it came from the Northern Line. This is in contrast with PIDS at stations from Hornsby to Redfern (via Strathfield) displaying/announcing the T9 services goes to Gordon, "and then service continues to T1 North Shore line."

Patronage
The following table shows the patronage for the year ending 30 June 2022.

title: Northern Line (Sydney)


text: User talk:82.153.137.134

title: User talk:82.153.137.134


text:
Talk:Persian deities

Good Start
Good start and all, but things like Zurvan here are difficult. Seeing as this is a list and quasi-portal to the articles, they should be succinct but direct and factual too. I'll just use Zurvan, as this is an especially problematic figure, because ultimately Zurvanism was a Zoroastrian heresy, etc. I would also like to standardize spellings here and know what the source material is for much of this. Khiradtalk 02:48, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

New articles?

 * I've added a comment over at Yazata. -- Fullstop 16:13, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * ps: Perhaps it would be appropriate to move this/these discussions and article additions over there altogether. Yazatas not being deities, I mean. Additional see alsos should suffice.

 * Moved talk over to Yazata.RandomCritic 17:27, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Persian deities


text: Wikipedia:WikiProject UK geography/todo

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject UK geography/todo


text:
User:BlankVerse/Vandal reverts

<User:BlankVerse/Other Subpages

One of the weirder phenomenum that I've noticed on the Wikipedia is anonymous editors (IPs only) who do some vandalism and then revert themselves—often within minutes of their vandalism. Just for the fun of it, I've decided to keep track of some examples of that. Other Wikipedia editors are also welcome to add to this list if they want to.

 * At 16:39, 26 May 2005 anon edited Charles Darwin, and two minutes later at 16:41, they reverted their changes. They changed Charles Darwin to Ran Cheng],  null diff]. 24.225.202.240 = host-24-225-202-240.patmedia.net, PATRIOT MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS PATRIOT-MEDIA-HILLSBOROUGH, PATRIOT MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS, 100 Randolph Rd, Somerset, NJ

 * Philo Farnsworth "couldn't go through with it"
 * Taco Bell
 * California

 * Abraham Lincoln
 * Donald Knuth
 * Inverse_quadratic_interpolation
 * Stress (medicine)
 * Dreyfus_affair same vandal as the next entry, who also did other vandalism they didn't revert
 * Iron%28III%29_chloride
 * Três Fronteiras
 * Chief (passenger train)
 * Charles Darwin
 * Charles Darwin
 * Louis Pasteur

title: User:BlankVerse/Vandal reverts


text:
TransACT

TransACT is the trading name of TransACT Capital Communications, an Australian telecommunications company based in Canberra which provides broadband internet access, fixed telephony, cable television services, and mobile phone services in Canberra and a subset of these services in Queanbeyan, throughout South-east New South Wales and in Victoria.

In November 2011, TransACT was acquired by iiNet Limited, which in 2015 itself became a subsidiary of TPG. It continues to trade as TransACT. Previously, the company was part-owned by Actew Corporation a 50% joint venture partner in ActewAGL (the main energy and water utility company in the Australian Capital Territory).

History
TransACT was launched in 1996 by a small team comprising Robin Eckermann (Chief Architect), Joe Ceccato, Robert Clarke and Jane Taylor, working under the guidance of ACTEW Executive Neville Smith. The company adopted an Open Access Network (OAN) business model, separating the wholesale and retail businesses.

TransACT operates in collaboration with ten ISPs, comprising a mix of large national organisations and smaller local operations. One of the ISPs (Grapevine) which was previously owned by both TransACT and ActewAGL became a wholly owned subsidiary in March 2010.

The company has an extensive fibre network in the ACT. SDH, ATM and IP/MPLS Metro Ethernet technologies are used to deliver services via dedicated hubs or gateways that are built around the region. Services are delivered to various businesses, government departments and residential customers via a diverse range of access networks.

At the end of 2007, the company acquired the regional Victoria telecommunications company Neighbourhood Cable, with its hybrid fibre coaxial (HFC) cable networks and customers in three Victorian regional cities of Mildura, Ballarat and Geelong, and rebranded it as TransACT in June 2011.

The first broadband platform rolled out known as Phase 1 network was based on FTTC (fibre to the curb) design with nodes being placed within 300 metres of premises. SDH backbone is used to transport voice, data and video whereas VDSL technology is used as the access network to get customers connected to TransACT's high-speed broadband and digital TV services. Coincidentally, TransACT also became the first telco in Australia to implement this particular high-speed broadband technology much superior to ADSL, which was prominent throughout the country at that time. TransACT remains as the only telco to support VDSL and the products are still actively sold with network reach-ability to over 55,000 homes in the ACT.

The Phase 2 rollout involved TransACT placing its own DSLAM equipment within Telstra exchanges and utilising their own fibre-optic backhaul to their main data centre in Dickson, ACT. TransACT completed their ADSL 2/2+ rollout on 1 March 2007. The Phase 2 network is available to anyone outside Phase 1 with a Telstra phone line in Canberra and Queanbeyan, as long as they are within sufficient distance of their telephone exchange – as with any ADSL service.

In 2009, TransACT commenced a greenfield rollout and upgrade of existing VDSL access network to VDSL2, the most advanced and fastest digital subscriber line (DSL) broadband technology commercially available, commencing with a number of medium- to high-density developments in Canberra's more established suburbs. The upgrade increases broadband speeds by up to four times, compared to the fastest existing ADSL2+ networks used by most carriers. As with the existing VDSL network, VDSL2 products also include triple-play services. By mid-2009, multiples sites including The Avenue on Northbourne Avenue, Skyplaza in Woden and The Gateway at Kingston Foreshore were upgraded to VDSL2 with more projects currently underway.

The telco is the first in the country to build a dedicated G.984 (GPON) based FTTH or FTTP gateway and also the first provider in Australia to offer broadband services at up to 100 Mbit/s download and 20 Mbit/s upload speeds which were made available on 4 September 2009. The gateway built in the suburb of Forde close to the Gungahlin township trunks back to TransACT's core network in Dickson via a high-bandwidth MPLS backbone. With such infrastructure in place, TransACT is able to offer triple-play services to customers via fibre without the need for any copper in the path, thus enabling higher bit-rates. Similar PON technology and network hierarchy has been chosen by NBNco Limited, the company established in 2009 to design, build and operate the National Broadband Network

As of end of 2009, five new greenfield suburbs, namely Forde, Franklin, Crace, Casey, Bonner, some parts of Kingston and the Flemington road corridor, were all wired up for this next-generation technology with many new suburbs expected to come on board in the ACT region. As of mid-2010, the total number of premises passed through had reached almost 11,000.

TransACT also offers a range of wholesale services to business and ISP customers, including Colocation, IP transit, peering, data centre services, VPN, managed services, point-to-point and point-to-multipoint services including VPWS and VPLS services of up to 1 Gbit/s for customers anywhere on their network.

In July 2010, they launched the 'eHub', Australia's first commercial IPTV product bundled with a set-top box capable of handling high-definition video with an onboard personal video recorder.

TransACT is the naming rights sponsor of the TransACT Canberra Capitals, a Canberra team competing in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) from October to February each year. TransACT first sponsored the Capitals in 2000, when the new company was looking for a community partner.

In November 2011, iiNet confirmed plans to acquire TransACT for $60m. At the time TransACT had about 40,000 customers throughout the ACT, Queanbeyan and regional Victoria, across the residential, business and government sectors, and had "total recurring annual revenue" of about $80 million and earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation of $17 million. It was also reported that the TransACT network consisted of 4,500 kilometres of broadband and 40,000 customers, including 50 lucrative contracts with government departments, that had cost $280 million to build over 10 years.

Grapevine
Grapevine is an internet service provider based in Canberra, Australia, wholly owned by TransACT. It provides dial-up and broadband ISP services, delivered across the TransACT fibre-optic broadband network.

The company had its beginning in ActewAGL Net Connect, a wholly owned subsidiary of ActewAGL, that started in 2003. In April 2005, it was relaunched as Grapevine that was jointly owned by ActewAGL, the main utility company in the region, and TransACT until May 2010 when ActewAGL sold its share of Grapevine to TransACT.

Channels
TransACT defines a virtual channel order that groups channels by their content.

Channels include Channelvision, Prime7, Channel Nine, WIN Television, Disney Channel, Disney Junior, Cartoon Network, Boomerang, MTV, MTV Dance, E!, Fashion TV, National Geographic Channel, Nat Geo People, Animal Planet, DMAX, TLC, Discovery Home and Health, Discovery Science, ESPN, Eurosport, Eurosportnews, BeIN Sports, TCM, CNN, BBC World News, CNBC, Bloomberg TV Australia, Channel NewsAsia, euronews, CCTV News, Al Jazeera, euronews, CCTV-4, Zee TV, Zee News, Zee Cinema, Wion Tv, Federal Parliament – House Of Representatives, Federal Parliament – Senate, Federal Parliament – Committees, EWTN, Australian Christian Channel, ERT World, RTPi, TV5Monde, Deutsche Welle TV, ABC On Demand, Movies On Demand, Sports On Demand, Docos On Demand, Luxury On Demand and AdultShop On Demand.

title: TransACT


text: User talk:24.225.202.240

title: User talk:24.225.202.240


text:
Portal:Trains/Anniversaries/May 27/More

Events

 * 1971 – Dahlerau train disaster: A special train full of schoolchildren collides with a freight train in Dahlerau, West Germany, on the line between Wuppertal and Radevormwald due to a misunderstanding of signals. 46 die and 25 are injured, making this the worst rail accident in West Germany during Deutsche Bundesbahn times.
 * 2005 – Canadian Pacific Railway commemorates the contributions of Chinese railroad workers who helped build the railroad by renaming an interchange in Kamloops, British Columbia, after one such worker, Cheng Ging Butt. The interchange, just east of the station in Kamloops is officially named Cheng Interchange.

Births

 * 1794 – Cornelius Vanderbilt, American financier who created the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad from the merger of several smaller railroads in New York, is born (d. 1877).
 * 1835 – Charles Francis Adams Jr., president of Union Pacific Railroad 1884–1890, is born (d. 1915).
 * 1836 – Jay Gould, American financier who, with Jim Fisk, took control of the Erie Railroad, is born (d. 1892).
 * 1876 – William Stanier, Chief mechanical engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway 1932–1944, is born (d. 1965).

Deaths

 * 1874 – John Edgar Thomson, president of the Pennsylvania Railroad 1852–1874, dies (b. 1808).

title: Portal:Trains/Anniversaries/May 27/More


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject UK geography

Archives

 * /Archive 1 – 2005
 * /UK or home nations in introductions – August 2006
 * /Archive 2 – 2006 – Feb 2007
 * /Archive 3 – Feb 2007 – Oct 2007
 * /Archive 4 – Oct 2007 – Feb 2008
 * /Archive 5 – Feb 2008 – March 2008
 * /Archive 6 – March 2008 – June 2008
 * /Archive 7 – June 2008 – Dec 2008
 * /Archive 8 – Jan 2009 – May 2009
 * /Archive 9 – June 2009 – July 2009
 * /Archive 10 – August 2009 – February 2010
 * /Archive 11 – March 2010 – January 2011
 * /Archive 12 – January 2011 – March 2012
 * /Archive 13 – April 2012 – April 2013
 * /Archive 14 – May 2013 – August 2013
 * /Archive 15 – August 2013 – April 2014
 * /Archive 16 – April 2014 – August 2015
 * /Archive 17 – August 2015 – September 2017
 * /Archive 18 – December 2017 – October 2019
 * /Archive 19 – October 2019 – April 2021
 * /Archive 20 – April 2021 – May 2021
 * /Archive 21 – May 2021 – August 2021
 * /Archive 22 – August 2021 – October 2021
 * /Archive 23 – August 2021 – October 2021 (Historic counties discussion)
 * /Archive 24 – October 2021 – January 2022
 * /Archive 25 – January 2022 – June 2022
 * /Archive 26 – April 2022 – September 2022
 * /Archive 27 – September 2022 – October 2022
 * /Archive 28 – October 2022 – May 2023
 * /Archive 29 – June 2023
 * /Archive 30 – June 2023 – July 2023
 * /Archive 31 – June 2023 – July 2023
 * /Archive 32 – June 2023 – August 2023
 * /Archive 33 – August 2023 – September 2023
 * /Archive 34 – September 2023
 * /Archive 35 – September 2023
 * /Archive 36 – September 2023
 * From old WikiProject UK subdivisions
 * English districts

Disagreement on Christchurch article re:settlement definition
There is a dispute at the article for Christchurch, Dorset over whether, how, and in how much detail, the article should cover Bournemouth Airport – a major employer which was in the now defunct borough of Christchurch, but some distance outside the built-up area in a neighbouring parish. This is essentially a difference of opinion on how to handle the ambiguity around defining settlements. If you think you can help resolve this, join the discussion at Talk:Christchurch,_Dorset. Thanks, Joe D (t)

Sub-national geographic flag guideline
Given my last attempt to create a guideline on flags through an open discussion didn't work at all, I thought it might be easier to give everyone a pre-written guideline to comment on. I've written it to apply to all UK articles, but it could easily be amended to focus only on certain nations (England?). Let me know what you think:

A.D.Hope (talk) 10:02, 10 June 2024 (UTC)

Draft 2
A.D.Hope (talk) 17:25, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

Discussion
Please start the discussion below this heading. A.D.Hope (talk) 10:02, 10 June 2024 (UTC)

 * I've publicised the above on the Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland wikiproject pages and on the talk pages for Devon and Cornwall, as the last two have recently hosted flag discussions. Feel free to publicise it elsewhere. A.D.Hope (talk) 10:15, 10 June 2024 (UTC)
 * @A.D.Hope: You've said "the exact status of these flags can be unclear" (I agree), but I'd characterise the rest of the draft guideline, particularly the part about whether they should go in infoboxes, as being based on the flawed premise that each flag has an unambiguous territory to which it 'officially' belongs. As far as I can see, the whole issue of removing sub-national flags from infoboxes has largely been instigated by you, and has led to numerous discussions and reversions where other editors try and put them back but you keep on removing them. The fact that the Flag Institute (a voluntary enthusiasts' body) assigns each flag to a historic county does not preclude that flag from also validly representing other definitions of the county.
 * For example, the adoption of the Bedfordshire flag was sponsored by the High Sheriff of Bedfordshire, who acts on behalf of the ceremonial county, but you have removed the flag from the infobox on the basis that the flag belongs (according to the Flag Institute) to the historic definition of the county. In a previous discussion on this subject, you acknowledged that the Hertfordshire flag was explicitly released for public use by the county council which governs the non-metropolitan county (which is coterminous with the ceremonial one), yet you have multiple times removed the Hertfordshire flag from the infobox saying that the flag is for the historic county. The Nottinghamshire flag was designed in a competition by BBC Radio Nottingham - the flag is registered with the Flag Institute for the historic county, but I don't think it's credible to say that all involved in that competition understood the flag to be prepared solely for the historic definition of the county to the exclusion of all other definitions.
 * I would advocate a much less prescriptive approach. If the article about the county is called "X" and there's a flag called "Flag of X", let the flag go in the infobox. Just as most of our county articles have to explain that there are multiple definitions of the county (e.g. historic / local government / ceremonial), the article text can also discuss the origins of the flag, whether it was explicitly prepared for just one of those definitions or not, and the extent of common adoption / usage in the area. Stortford (talk) 08:04, 12 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I think you've got my intent backwards, sorry. The premise of the guideline is that these flags are often ambigious and do not have official territories, which makes it necessary to include them in a way that allows their use and status to be explained. The practice of putting them in the infobox implies they are unambiguously the flags of the area the infobox represents (e.g. the ceremonial counties in England), but this isn't the case.
 * Bedfordshire is a good example of why the infobox is unsuitable. There's evidence that it represents the historic county, as it is listed as a historic county flag on the UK government's list, but because it was sponsored by the high sheriff there is also an argument that it represents the ceremonial county. It's entirely possible for it to represent both, but this needs a textual explanation with sources and that's best done in the body. The same goes for Hertfordshire, Nottinghamshire, and the other flags.
 * On the Flag Institute, its status can be overblown. It's just a charity, even if its registry has been referenced in government guidelines. It's useful as proof that a flag is considered to represent a historic county, but it doesn't trump everything else. If we have a source that shows the Cambridgeshire flag has been flown in Huntingdon, for example, we shouldn't describe this as wrong just because Huntingdon is outside the historic Cambridgeshire boundaries. A.D.Hope (talk) 08:59, 12 June 2024 (UTC)
 * If a flag unambiguously represents an area we have an article for, then the flag should be within the infobox. If it's ambiguous though, I agree that it is better explained in prose and not included in the infobox. That should allow for more nuance and give readers a better understanding of the situation. I also don't think we should be prescribing flags to things when the lifespan doesn't cross over. If the flag is a recent adoption, it shouldn't be prescribed to the historic or ceremonial county without good reason. To take an example, the Flag of Orkney wasn't adopted until 2007 so it shouldn't be used to represent anything before that (particularly because there was a previous flag which was declined official recognition). It's fine in the Orkney article because nothing has changed there but, if it had, as is the case with other historic counties, it would only be appropriate within the infobox of the modern usage. That wouldn't preclude a mention in the article on the older entity though. Stevie fae Scotland (talk) 09:51, 12 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't think the 2021 Jenrick press release or attached PDF can be taken as a reliable source for the flags representing "historic counties" as defined in the Historic counties of England article. It uses the phrase "historic county", but we know that's not a widely understood term. It also uses the phrase "historic flags", suggesting some ambiguity as to whether it's the flags or the counties the author thinks are historic. And the same press release states that Jenrick "wrote to all councils across Great Britain, urging them to proudly raise their flag" (my emphasis), which could equally be interpreted as evidence that the counties he is referring to are the modern administrative council areas. I suspect that the apparent contradiction can be explained by the fact that caring about the distinction between different definitions of county is extremely niche and not in most people's heads when they hear the phrase "historic county", so Jenrick and the press release author probably have a more nebulous and inclusive concept of county, and their use of the phrase "historic county" is entirely led by it being called "historic county flag day". But that would be my interpretation of the source, and given that we don't interpret sources on Wikipedia, I'd suggest not trying to use this one as evidence for what kind of county a flag represents. Joe D (t) 10:25, 12 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Well this is it – it's hard to pin down exactly which flavour of county these flags represent, so as a general rule it's better to simply lay out what we know about them rather than trying to interpret that information one way or another.
 * You're talking about this Jenrick press release, I assume? The language in it is a bit of a mess, as you point out – a council's flag would typically be its heraldic banner rather than any of these flags, for example. I think it's fair to say that the UK government wants to promote the historic counties somehow and has come to rely on the Flag Institute's registry of county flags in order to do so, but I wouldn't go further than that. It would be inappropriate for us to claim that the flags are official just because they're in the FI registry, for example. A.D.Hope (talk) 10:44, 12 June 2024 (UTC)
 * The press release is a nonsense and we should ignore it. Some group - presumably the Flag Institute - came up with a bunch of flags for historic counties to assert something about historic counties still existing. They don't, and that is a matter for the legislature. Counties such as Middlesex no longer exist. Some official looked at the lobbying and thought "we can do something here" and had a flag day, with flags for historic counties that have overlapping borders (why are there 52 flags when there were only 39 historic counties for instance), but excluding current ceremonial counties (where is Greater London? Indeed, where is historic county London?) The idea is to make it look like Government is doing something about sense of community (an executive function); but it does not create the flags, nor the counties nor anything else (a legislative function). It is not the department's finest hour, because they went waltzing into an issue they don't understand well, and sided with a group that wants to ignore the effect of legislation passed by parliament that abolished and altered county borders - but it makes not a wit of difference. The executive does not have the power to make these flags. Those are mostly modern flags of historic counties, some of which no longer exist, and others of which now have different borders. It is a highly problematic list of itself. It would be a fool's errand to try to use that source for absolutely anything at all. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 11:30, 13 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I tend to agree with you about the Jenrick press release, and in terms of how these flags should be included in articles I don't think it's particularly relevant anyway. Sources which explain how a particular flag was designed and how it is currently used will be much more useful. A.D.Hope (talk) 12:05, 13 June 2024 (UTC)

 * I think we should try and downplay these county flags simply because a lot of the modern ones are ugly and they arent in widespread use. Putting them in infoboxes for the counties they represent gives them undue prominence. Eopsid (talk) 10:26, 13 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Whether a flag is "ugly" is both subjective and irrelevant. All we should care about is use - if there is evidence for a flag of e.g. Nottinghamshire being independently used (i.e. not mentions in lists or databases of flags) to represent Nottinghamshire then it should be included in the infobox for Nottinghamshire. If there is no such evidence then it should not be included.
 * In the real world few people know (and even fewer care) about the distinction between historic, ceremonial, administrative or any other type of county; almost nobody knows (and again even fewer care) "ceremonial county" and "historic county" are not exact synonyms. Absent explicit evidence that the person/organisation using the flag is doing so to represent a specific one of those then it is safe to assume that it is being used to represent e.g. Nottinghamshire as it applies to the real world today. So if you see a flag of Nottinghamshire flown in an area within all of the historic, ceremonial and administrative counties of Nottinghamshire it is, absent evidence to the contrary, most likely to be representing both the ceremonial and administrative counties. The only exception is use by county councils - if Nottinghamshire County Council fly the flag of Nottinghamshire it is most likely being used to represent the administrative county, but if Nottingham City Council fly the same flag it is most likely being used to represent the ceremonial county. If both those organisations regularly fly that flag, then it should be used in infoboxes for at least the administrative and ceremonial counties. Thryduulf (talk) 12:46, 13 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia's policy is clear on this, we don't recognise the difference between so called historic. ceremonial etc counties and treat them as a single entity. I don't know why this keeps being ignored. G-13114 (talk) 14:12, 13 June 2024 (UTC)
 * This wikiproject has advice/a guideline on how to write about the counties, but it isn't a policy. It does recognise a difference between the historic counties and the current ceremonial counties, as it states the former no longer exist, but also states that they should be covered in a single article where possible.
 * In any case, when it comes to writing about groups that do recognise the historic counties we have to reflect their position, not impose our guideline on them. A.D.Hope (talk) 14:34, 13 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm uncomfortable with assuming why a body might fly a flag, which is why I prefer the 'put it in the body' approach. It's fine for us to say 'the flag has been flown from Nottingham Council House by Nottingham City Council', with a source, but we shouldn't infer anything from that unless the council have stated their intent somewhere. A.D.Hope (talk) 14:26, 13 June 2024 (UTC)

Draft 2 discussion
@Stortford, @Stevie fae Scotland, @Steinsky, @Sirfurboy, @Eopsid, @Thryduulf, and @G-13114, I've written a second draft of the guideline based on your feedback. If you (or anyone else) have further suggestions or critiques I'd be very happy to hear them. Thanks, A.D.Hope (talk) 17:29, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

 * That's mostly good but I'm not sure about two points:
 * I'm sure there is at least one case of a council explicitly granting permission to use the flag based on their arms to represent its area and (but I'm less certain of this) there are cases when such a flag is used to represent the council's area with no official comment from the council (so probably de facto rather than de jure representation of the area).
 * I disagree with this. If a flag is commonly used to represent an area with that name it should be in the infobox unless it unambiguously does not refer to that area. e.g. if the flag of Fooshire is in common use but it is ambiguous whether it represents the area of the ceremonial or administrative county by that name then it should be included in both infoboxes. In the real world many (maybe most) people flying the flag will not know (and fewer will care about) the difference between two - if you asked someone flying it which area they using it to represent you'd get blank looks and answers like "yes" or "both". Thryduulf (talk) 11:08, 23 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the feedback. On the first point, 'usually' is meant to indicate that this may not always be the case. It's less of an issue now, but before the new wave of county flags was designed it was fairly common to use a council's armorial banner to represent the county generally, hence the specific warning.
 * On the second, an example might best demonstrate the issue. In the Lancashire article, the infobox is primarily about the ceremonial county. The flag was designed to represent the historic county and has been flown in areas within the historic boundaries but outside the ceremonial county. Putting the flag in the infobox could therefore imply that the flag only or primarily represents the ceremonial county, which is not the case. A.D.Hope (talk) 13:34, 23 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Unless it's being flown in areas within the ceremonial county but outside the historic county then you can't say it isn't being used to represent the former. If the flag is commonly used to represent multiple areas it should appear in the infobox for all of those areas, even if one is more common than the others. Thryduulf (talk) 14:00, 23 June 2024 (UTC)
 * In the case you outline, we also couldn't say that the flag is being flown to represent the ceremonial county without a source explicitly stating so. Even where a source does exist, it won't necessarily confirm that the flag is primarily used to represent the ceremonial county. This ambiguity is why I think the body is the best place to cover the flags.
 * We generally don't have separate articles for the historic and current counties/principal areas/etc.; the main exception is for the historic counties that have been entirely superseded. A.D.Hope (talk) 18:05, 23 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I personally have no further comments. Thanks for your work on this. Stevie fae Scotland (talk) 15:21, 24 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Considering I've seen multiple attempts to re-add the flags by various and the proposer in many cases the sole reverter, maybe this discussion is very unrepresented and the wall of text is off-putting. It would override discussions with more input such as at Cornwall. Would be open to a simpler suggestion of changing the infobox caption to allow for specification/context if needed. We shouldn't minimise these flags because of personal opinion on their ugliness or modernity, if they're used, they're used. If such use is significant then readers would expect it in the infobox.  Dank Jae  12:34, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
 * It's a persistent problem that these flag discussion do not reach a conclusion – even the one with more input at Cornwall didn't. This discussion has been advertised at Talk:Cornwall but does not seem to have attracted any input from that direction, and as you can see there's been very little follow-up discussion here after the initial responses.
 * I'm tempted to assume that the flags just aren't a priority for most editors. When they are discussed it tends to be in isolation, and those discussions don't lead to a consensus. Perhaps the consensus is to have no consensus, although that will mean having to deal with each flag on a case-by-case basis which will be onerous. A.D.Hope (talk) 12:54, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I opted out of this for a while because I didn't have time/will to go through all of this. May be a more direct RfC on "should county flags be in infoboxes" may raise more engagement.
 * In terms of case-by-case, there is also a case to group flags based on how old they're used. For example flags made very recently to little fanfare can be grouped together, but much more longer standing/popular flags like Cornwall's and Devon's may need to be considered separate.
 * Once again, all I know is that many IPs and other editors have edit warred the flags in, and appear to not know about nor participated in these discussions. I don't think its because they're classed as not a priority but rather repeating past arguments and discussions gets tiring, and the previous consensus was overriden before this was approved.  Dank Jae  13:10, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
 * The discussion at Talk:Cornwall included an RfC on whether that flag should be in the infobox, but it didn't reach a conclusion. A new RfC on the flags in general could be better, but it could also just go over old ground and be inconclusive itself.
 * Part of the reason I proposed the guideline above without prior discussion was to avoid that sort of energy-sapping debate; my intent was to focus editors' attention on a single position and see if it could gain consensus. A.D.Hope (talk) 10:07, 7 July 2024 (UTC)

Kent districts
There is Queenborough-in-Sheppey/Isle of Sheppey and Thanet District/Isle of Thanet and it seems that the districts cover/covered the same area as the islands so should probably be merged per User:Seav/Islands and administrative units similar to Isle of Portland that appears to be the same as the Portland parish (and former district) or the Isles of Scilly which also covers the unitary district. While I'm in favour of having separate articles for the likes of Cotswolds and Cotswold District which cover different areas and Wokingham (town and parish) and Borough of Wokingham (district) and Darlington (town and unparished area) and Borough of Darlington (district) of which the town and unparished area have a large percentage of the district yet are clearly different things and most other similar places around the world appear more often than not split, see Wikipedia talk:WikiProject UK geography/Archive 35. See User:Seav/Islands and administrative units that supports this and my essay Separate articles for administrative divisions to settlements.

For Queenborough-in-Sheppey the district and parish appear to cover the island however it does cover Deadman's Island but the likes of Madagascar have other islands. The unparished area also covered the island but most has now been parished but we have to be careful how we explain unparished areas due to their limited recognition so I would not say that the "Queenborough-in-Sheppey" now only covers a small part of the island. The district/parish article could be merged with Isle of Sheppey

For Thanet District although the district was newly created in 1974 it appears its the same as the Isle of Thanet per my A-Z Kent though its not completely clear. Unlike the problems with describing Wivenhoe as being in Colchester City Council which could easily happen if we had an article on the council instead of district it does seem like in the case of Thanet they are the same area of land so places could just be described as being in Thanet or Isle of Thanet without much complication since unlike Colchester they are the same area. As such per WP:UKDISTRICTS we can restore Thanet District Council that I merged a few years ago. A merger of the district to the island was mentioned at Talk:Thanet District in 2018, see Talk:Thanet District. At Talk:Thanet District (and the 2 sections above) it seems that others have already suggested that the articles should be merged and also discussion at Talk:Isle of Thanet where it is claimed that the district is larger and includes land that was underwater at the time the Isle of Thanet was an island.

Thoughts on this?  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 20:38, 29 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Two observations:
 * The Colchester example underlines the value of having distinct articles for the district and for its council. If they really must be combined, then article should be named for the district and the council be a section of it, definitely not the other way round. (IMO, in any case there is great merit in tucking away into some dark corner the obsessive detail about which party had which seats in which ward in 1964, which appears to be the sum total of most 'council' articles.)
 * Permanent physical geography (well, fairly permanent in the case of Thanet ) should always have prime position, as parish and district boundaries do tend to come and go.
 * My 2¢ worth. --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 21:11, 29 June 2024 (UTC)

Disambiguation within unitary areas
There are two parishes called "Brompton" in North Yorkshire. Their articles were previously named Brompton, Hambleton and Brompton, Scarborough, following WP:ENGLANDPLACE which says "When further disambiguation is required, districts should be used." in cases where placename, ceremonial county does not disambiguate.

But the districts no longer exist. WP:ENGLANDPLACE says "If there are multiple places of the same name within the same district, then parishes, wards, or lowercase compass directions should be used as appropriate to identify the relative locations.", with example Woolston, north Shropshire. Presumably this should also apply where there are multiple places of the same name within a UA.

These two were previously moved to Brompton, west North Yorkshire and Brompton, east North Yorkshire, complying with that instruction. This seems correct although odd-looking.

They have now been moved to Brompton, Northallerton and Brompton, Scarborough, North Yorkshire.

While looking into this I noticed that we also have Hambleton, Ryedale and Hambleton, Selby, two more North Yorkshire places disambiguated by defunct districts, and there may be many more, so this is a wider question than just the Bromptons.

What is our preferred way to disambiguate these places? Compass point in UA, or defunct (but still recognisable) district, or current electoral unit (Northallerton North and Brompton and Derwent Valley & Moor respectively according to Mapit - the latter is pretty meaningless as there are Derwent valleys up and down the country!), or a nearby town? Does WP:ENGLANDPLACE need any clarification or update to cover UAs?

, the page movers, for info. Pam D  07:44, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

 * I do not think the lowercase compass direction is very helpful and should probably be removed as a possible disambiguator. I would go for the nearest large place as the disambiguator unless there is a natural disambiguator available such as "x on the Wolds". Keith D (talk) 20:44, 30 June 2024 (UTC)
 * What about the constituency, but they be changed on a more regular basis than we’d bother to keep changing it. Maybe if in a national park that might work.
 * Ultimately "near Xxxx" maybe better than "comma then place" as English has a habit of sounding like it is both in or near a place if the comma method is used. The "Brompton, Scarborough, North Yorkshire" link isn’t the best when the village and the parish are one article and the village goes by Brompton-by-Sawdon.
 * I understand if a county starts with a compass direction and a compass direction is also needed that it looks wrong, especially lowercase then uppercase looking like somebody put it the wrong way round. To be fare east-north-east is used when 16 points compass directions are need so east north comes up but only when east is also the next word. That is the rule, we can dance around it in cases like this by finding summit better.
 * Maybe in the guide put summit like "When the given county starts with a compass direction try finding other, preferably short, methods of disambiguating. …insert reason here … ". Chocolateediter (talk) 02:21, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Why not follow the Brompton by Sawdon Parish Council website? JonH (talk) 09:48, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I think that's a good solution for the Bromptons - the Nothallerton one can be Brompton, North Yorkshire and the Scarborough one Brompton by Sawdon, perhaps with appropriate hatnotes on both.
 * Regarding the Hambletons, the Ryedale one is a hamlet within a the parish of Kilburn High and Low and probably the best solution is to merge it into that article.
 * As for changing the naming convention for a general rule - that discussion should probably happen at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (geographic names) but if these two examples are anything to go by, in most cases I suspect a case-by-case examination of the subjects can lead to some sensible solutions that avoid the need for disambiguation entirely. WaggersTALK  11:09, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I think I was worried by the fact that the parish is technically called "Brompton", and includes two villages one of which is "Brompton by Sawdon"! I've moved it. And have retargetted the redirect from the hyphenated version. Do we need some sensibly-named redirect which can appear in Category:Civil parishes in North Yorkshire, as "Brompton by Sawdon" is not really the parish name? Perhaps best gently ignored. Thanks @Chocolateediter for tweaks to the lead to make the moved article reasonable. Pam  D  12:13, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
 * But Brompton, North Yorkshire is not a good article title, as it is ambiguous. It now, correctly, points to the dab page (which could do with a bit of a tidyup). Pam  D  12:15, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
 * It has always been confusing and was once called Brompton in Allertonshire to distinguish it from nearby Brompton on Swale and Patrick Brompton near Richmond. Esemgee (talk) 12:50, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
 * It doesn't work well for counties which already contain a compass point in their name, or for counties which contain districts with compass point names, but for for the rest it's fine. 'Townville, north Lancashire' and 'Townsville, south Lancashire' isn't confusing. A.D.Hope (talk) 14:07, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Would an adjectival form of a compass point be clearer? "Townville, eastern North Yorkshire", etc? Bazza 7 (talk) 14:37, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I see where you're coming from, but personally I don't think it solves the issue. 'Townsville, near Examplebury' seems clearer A.D.Hope (talk) 14:40, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Remember that natural disambiguation needs to be commonly used like St Just in Penwith otherwise like Bray, Berkshire rather than Bray on Thames commas or brackets should be used. Using "Foo (near larger settlement) might also be a possibility, see Talk:Burton (near Neston).  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 20:45, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't find any issue with "[north/south etc] ceremonial county" if the civil parish or district is unavailable. However, "(near place)", as long as the nearest place is significant, seems to be the next best thing. Any natural dab would be preferred.  Dank Jae  12:37, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

Requested move at Talk:Letchworth
There is a requested move discussion at Talk:Letchworth that may be of interest to members of this WikiProject. JuniperChill (talk) 17:11, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

Good article reassessment for York
York has been nominated for a good article reassessment. If you are interested in the discussion, please participate by adding your comments to the reassessment page. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, the good article status may be removed from the article. Z1720 (talk) 18:03, 19 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject UK geography


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Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-05-30/Substubs and templates

This column will focus on changes in Wikipedia's guidelines, policies and style guides. It is intended as a semi-regular feature, so people can learn of developments in this area without having to track every discussion.

Recent changes include the deprecation of substubs and the finalization of a standard model for article templates. Meanwhile, debate continues over the issue of nesting templates inside other templates, or "meta-templates".

The substub memorial
It has been a long-standing tradition to mark short or incomplete articles as stubs to let them get attention and expansion. In July 2004, based on a reference in the instructions about stubs, Mike Storm took it upon himself to promote substubs, a category of extremely short stubs particularly in need of attention. However, this idea was controversial, with some people considering it a distinction without a difference, and others believing that substubs were effectively speedy deletion candidates.

In November, a less controversial stub-sorting WikiProject was created by AllyUnion and others, in order to categorize stubs into such things as actor stubs, Japan stubs and even extraterrestrial geology stubs. The project picked up new members rapidly, and currently has eighty participants, making it one of the largest WikiProjects.

Through several months of hard work, the number of uncategorized stubs slowly but steadily diminished. Presently there are about a thousand left, which may seem like a lot, but is only a fraction of the amount earlier. Therefore, it was recently decided that there was no further need for a separate category of substubs. The template and category were put up for deletion, and afterwards a solemn memorial was set up by the joyful project members.

So, whenever a short or incomplete article needs to be tagged as such, the template stub will do the job, along with its many children and grandchildren in the template tree.

Avoiding overlap of jurisdictions
WikiProject Stub Sorting is setting up a separate page for the deletion of stub-related templates and categories, at WP:SFD. The intent is to prevent having to hold the same discussion twice, on both Categories and Templates for Deletion. Also, people have a tendency to refer such a matter back to the WikiProject, unaware that the nominator and most of the voters are in fact members of that project.

WikiProject Stub Sorting has well-defined guidelines for when and how to use stub templates (and categories) so people who want to create or remove a stub template are advised to discuss the matter with them.

The template standard
Early in April, some users discussed the idea of streamlining the look of article templates, such as those for Featured Articles and the Collaboration of the Week. Violet/Riga put together a proposal, and asked everyone to design the perfect template style.

Wikipedians put their creativity to work, and more than twenty different template schemes were drawn up, in a wide variety of color and styles. By the end of April, the matter of choosing one amidst the many possibilities was put up for a vote.

With more than twice as many votes as any other candidate, the CoffeeRoll style designed by ClockworkSoul was the designated winner.

The list of standardized templates and their layout can be found at WP:TS. All active WikiProjects might want to consider adapting to this standard, which makes use of the  stylesheet class and looks like this:

Recursive templates
Since their introduction, templates have quickly become a popular feature for consistency, layout, or simply bringing a matter to people's attention (e.g. Template:Cleanup). However, because they make a page or article more complex, templates cause an increased consumption of server resources. It is often commented upon that Wikipedia is not limited by disk space, which is indeed true. However, Wikipedia is, at least to some extent, limited by our database's programming, and the computing power of our servers.

A meta-template is simply a template included in another template. For instance, a number of templates that look like colored boxes could plausibly include a basic template to determine the box size and color. It seems obvious that any demands made on the server by regular templates, are multiplied for meta-templates. In an essay on Avoid using meta-templates, leading MediaWiki developer Jamesday explains in detail how meta-templates affect server performance.

Thus, whenever a meta-template is in use, people should consider whether this is in fact necessary. A very simple workaround is using the syntax, which basically copies and pastes the meta-template into the main template, thus combining the two into one.

Also this week: Official positions — Time article — Rock rat — Election — Features — Vandal fighting — Substubs, templates — Trophy — T.R.O.L.L.


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User talk:Sparksahazard

It's very nice that you've named your doggie Levi Coffin, but no matter how cute he is, I don't think the Levi Coffin's article is improved by his picture. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. - Nunh-huh 11:22, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sparksahazard


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Angela Jia Kim

Angela Jia Kim (born in East Lansing, Michigan) is an American classical pianist.

Kim grew up in Ames, Iowa. Her mother was her first piano teacher, but she later studied at the Eastman School of Music. She received intensive coaching from Sergei Babayan, and her other teachers include Marc Durand, Lee Kum-Sing, Barry Snyder, Chiu-Ling Lin, and her mother Hannah Kim. Her great uncle was Kim Yong-shik, the South Korean ambassador to the United States under the Carter and Reagan administrations. Her grandfather was Kim Yong-ik, the celebrated writer who moved to the United States in 1948.

Kim won her first performance prizes at age four and made her orchestral debut with the Des Moines Symphony at the age of 15. She has toured the United States and Europe as soloist and chamber musician. She has won the 1991 grand prize at the Mozart Festival Competition in Illinois, as well as the 1997 award for Best Interpretation of French Music by the French Piano Institute in Paris.

In 2001, Kim recorded Scriabin, Mozart, Schubert, and Ravel for her debut album, Dances and Fantasies. In 2005, she recorded her second album, From Vienna to Paris, which includes Ravel, Schubert, Haydn, and Schumann.

She currently resides in Manhattan, New York, with her husband, Mark and her daughter, Sienna.

Discography

 * Dances and Fantasies (2001)
 * Vienna to Paris (2005)

title: Angela Jia Kim


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Reflections (1999 film)

Reflections is a 1999 documentary film tracing the lives of three individuals who migrated to Britain from the West Indies in search of a better life.

Film
Reflections was filmed on location in St Kitts, Nevis and Birmingham, England

Martina Mavis Clark from Jamaica, James Herbert from Nevis and Guyanese Edwin Ho, talk openly about early life in Birmingham where they experienced extreme hardship, racial abuse and family loss.

Now in his 80s, ex-boxer Edwin Ho is exceptional as he is able to pinpoint exactly where his cabin was located on the ship HMT Empire Windrush. Reflections Includes rare archive material of Birmingham in the 1940s and 50s.

Reflections provides excellent resource material for debate during Black History Month and associated events.

A segment of the film can be viewed on OOM Gallery.

title: Reflections (1999 film)


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Talk:Field theory (mathematics)

The idea of "field generated by adjoining an element" is discussed in the glossary of field theory page, and notation is introduced. However, there is no useful link anywhere to help people work out what "generate" or "adjoin" means, so it might be hard for them to find that piece of information. --Dmharvey 11:24, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

That article is simply awful. Nowhere does it say what, exactly, defines a field. Instead it gives the history of fields, where they are used, etc. Absolutely no useful information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.79.114.83 (talk) 21:11, 24 April 2012 (UTC)

I have merged this into field (mathematics), as there seems to be no difference in subject material between the two articles. Brirush (talk) 16:24, 26 August 2014 (UTC)

 * I would distinguish between an article on Field theory, which would be about the theory itself: its history, development, main ideas, big theorems, links to other subjects; and Field, which would be about the mathematical object and associated mathematical ideas and theorems. Deltahedron (talk) 20:11, 26 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Field theory (mathematics)


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User talk:Nav (usurped)

Just wanna add more meat to the Karachi page on this site.

Request for Usurpation
Hello, Nav. A request has been made at Changing username/Usurpations to usurp, or "take over", your username because you have not used it to edit, and another user would like to use it to edit. Changing username/Usurpations says that any unused username may be usurped if the user is given seven days notice to object and does not do so.

If you have an email set in your preferences, you should be getting an email from a bureaucrat or changing username clerk explaining how to consent or object to this process.

If you do not object to being renamed to a new username in order for another user to use the name you currently have, please log in and post a reply here saying so (you may also tell us what username you would like to be renamed to, or we will provide you with a generic one).

If you do nothing : the request will be filled after seven days, and your account will be moved to a generic username. You may request that it be moved to a new username of your choice at any time.

If you object to being renamed : please log in and make an edit to this page clearly stating that you object to usurpation.

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title: User talk:Nav (usurped)


text: Wikipedia:WikiProject UK geography/cotm

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject UK geography/cotm


text: User talk:69.19.137.11

title: User talk:69.19.137.11


text:
European Hill Climb Championship

The FIA European Hill Climb Championship (FIA EHC) is an FIA-run motorsport competition held across Europe on closed public road courses.

Unlike circuit racing, each driver competes alone, starting from a point at the base of a mountain and reaching a finish point near the summit. The European Championship allows single-seater cars, open-cockpit sports prototypes, and touring cars with varying degrees of technical preparation.

Groups and classes since 2020
Since 2020 - Performance Factor

European Hill Climb Champions 1957–2023
For the two categories, the FIA awards the titles:
 * European Hill Climb Champion for Production Cars
 * European Hill Climb Champion for Competition Cars

Additionally, the first driver of the first group to which the European Champion does not belong, will be declared:
 * Winner of the FIA Hill Climb Trophy for Production Cars
 * Winner of the FIA Hill Climb Trophy for Competition Cars

1930s
The first European Hill Climbing Championship was contested between 1930 and 1933, under the aegis of the Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus (AIACR), the predecessor of the FIA.

title: European Hill Climb Championship


text:
Juliet Morris

Juliet Morris (born 26 April 1965) is a British television presenter.

Early life
Morris was educated at Lady Eleanor Holles School, an independent school for girls in Hampton in West London, where she recalled the difficulties of being left-handed. At the age of eleven, she moved to a convent school (Mount St Mary, Exeter) when her family settled in Devon. She graduated from Hull University in 1986 having studied English and Drama.

Broadcasting career
Following a spell on BBC South West's Spotlight, Morris went on to join the BBC children's news show, Newsround in 1990. She left the show in 1995 to present BBC Breakfast News for three years. She has since presented the Heaven and Earth Show. She was also the main presenter for the Here and Now current affairs programme and co-presented the programme 999, alongside Michael Buerk.

She was also the presenter of BBC's The House Detectives (1997–2000) where she and a team of experts, led by Dan Cruickshank, investigated the histories of houses belonging to members of the public. She presented the BBC overseas property show, Uncharted Territory (2006 and 2007) and she was formerly a reporter on Countryfile.

In 1998 she made a report for Panorama on suicide amongst young men, during which she revealed that her younger brother, Edward, committed suicide in 1994 at the age of 24.

title: Juliet Morris


text:
E-Type (video game)

E-Type is a clone of Sega's arcade driving game Out Run for the BBC Micro, Acorn Electron, and Acorn Archimedes. It was written by Gordon J. Key and published by The Fourth Dimension. Instead of the Ferrari from Out Run, the player drives a blue Jaguar E-type.

In addition to the game a separate track designer was released which allows players to make and save their own tracks. A pack of extra tracks entitled The Extra 100 Miles was available.

Gameplay
The objective of E-Type is to cover as much distance as possible in the given time limit over various stages, avoiding static obstacles such as roadworks, oil slicks, trees and postboxes. If the car hits such an object both the driver and his blonde female passenger are thrown upwards from their seats, with the car's wheels falling off on their landing. The car is then automatically reset and moved to the centre of the road for the player to restart. Additionally, other cars can also be seen driving along the roads and need to be avoided - collisions here also add damage the car.

When the car has had too many hits, the passengers fall into their seats and the car's bumper falls off, meaning that the game is over. On parts of some tracks, the road is surrounded by water - if the car drives onto the water, it will submerge and the game is over.

The player can earn extra time for a stage by driving under a Time Bonus banner (to the sound of a bell) or by running a policeman over. The stages can be played at individually or as a set, with the player needing to complete a stage in order to progress. Players who get the best distances are able to enter their names into the Hall of Fame hi-score table.

Controls
On the Archimedes version, the player takes control of the car using the mouse. The three Acorn mouse buttons represent (from left) the Clutch, Brake and Accelerator. This adds to the "realism" of the game as this corresponds to the typical layout of the car's foot pedals. Definable keyboard keys were used for gear changes (in Manual gearbox mode).

The version for the BBC is controlled by the keyboard, with the player given the option to redefine the keys once the title screen is shown. The Automatic gearbox mode is omitted so the player must change gears manually with the defined keys.

Legacy
The E-Type Compendium later combined the original game with the track designer and The Extra 100 Miles track collection.

E-Type 2 was released in 1994 and contained a few additions to the original, including a 2-player split-screen mode. The 2nd player appears as the blonde female passenger from the first game, behind the wheel of a pink E-Type Jaguar. Other features include tunnels, three-lane roads, bad weather conditions, police radar traps, overheating cars and various weapons for attacking other cars. Separate versions of E-Type 2 were released for the Archimedes and the Risc PC.

title: E-Type (video game)


text:
File:AnthraxFistfulOfMetal.jpg

Summary
Anthrax - Fistful of Metal album cover.

Copyright 1984 Megaforce

title: File:AnthraxFistfulOfMetal.jpg


text:
Talk:Cyprus problem

"good offices" vs "...Good Offices ..."
"Good Offices" is the title of a novel (w/ a WP article) because that is our and most of the world's coventional practice, and some UN body set up to use its good offices to settle disputes has a WP article that probably follows UN conventions for naming most of its kinds of subordinate parts, for mostly the first reason, which are probably close to those of English names for such parts. But when the Sec Gen decides bigger guns are needed, he may choose to notify that body, i 'spose, but he is using his own good offices (inherant de facto influence in the context of his role as SG), to accompllish an end. He knows abt that office, and might have reason to keep them informed, but he can use his own "good offices" bcz of two facts: very few people want to cross him, and when gets in touch with you, just blowing him off is almost never a good plan. We have an article on the novel and on the committee, which are titled to reflect those two proper names, but (when you get a job bcz some with more influence backs you, or) when the SG nudges one or both parties, he's "using his good offices" as a prod, not speaking on behalf of a less influential part of the UN, and paradox tho it is, the lower case kind is far more likely to be effective than the pretentiously upper-case bureaucratic kind. Now, ya wanna go write a WP article on good offices, well, not a terrible idea as long as someone does the dog work (including mention of that not necessarily trivial UN office), i promise that i or some like me will make you look like a fool if the title's spelling doesn't begin with "Good offices", OK? A wikt entry (we follow lexicographic, rather than encyclopedic practices over there) would be yet another case. --JerzyA (talk) 00:13, 30 October 2019 (UTC)

Annexation of Cyprus
Because of these edits, ,. , Gr.Britain declared the annexation of Cyprus on 5 November 1914. See:

 * Bernhard Hofstötter, Chinese Journal of International Law, Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2008, Pages 159–196, https://doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmm047
 * Volume 9, Issue 1 January 1915, pp. 204-205 Annexation of Cyprus by Great Britain DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2186866Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 May 2017

In 1925, Cyprus became a Crown Colony. Cinadon36 10:00, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

Requested move 30 November 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Lennart97 (talk) 17:29, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

Cyprus dispute → Cyprus conflict – The proposed title is the clear common name and in line with all other frozen conflicts like Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Abkhaz–Georgian conflict, Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Western Sahara conflict, Rohingya conflict, Kashmir conflict, Korean conflict, Arab–Israeli conflict etc. Northumber (talk) 10:43, 30 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Support - Agreed. The Cyprus conflict is an open-ended conflict that is effectively still a ceasefire. Iskandar323 (talk) 15:13, 30 November 2021 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Requested move 8 February 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved  — Amakuru (talk) 23:07, 16 February 2022 (UTC)

Cyprus conflict → Cyprus problem – The above requested move was carried out with very minimal participation so a strong consensus for the actual name is not present. The WP:COMMONNAME for this topic is clearly "Cyprus problem", as evidenced by these results: Google Books - 132,000 for "Cyprus problem" vs 66,300 for "Cyprus conflict" vs 56,300 for "Cyprus issue" vs 16,200 for "Cyprus dispute"; Google Scholar - 8,580 for "Cyprus problem" vs 6,630 for "Cyprus issue" vs 5,260 for "Cyprus conflict" vs 2,130 for "Cyprus dispute". Google Ngram Viewer confirms that "Cyprus problem" is the most popular term, far ahead of "Cyprus conflict", which comes in fourth and places behind even "Cyprus question", nowadays a somewhat antiquated term. The WP:CONSISTENCY argument above doesn't hold water. The examples given are too selective, a number of similar articles use various terminology (see Category:National questions, Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute, amongst others); and it's apples and oranges anyway - the Cyprus problem has seen an incomparably greater use of diplomacy than all of those other conflicts, not least involving referanda and EU accession talks; such that calling the whole thing a "conflict" feels somewhat awkward. GGT (talk) 02:25, 8 February 2022 (UTC)
 * support hu, it really is the common name in scholarship—blindlynx 03:11, 8 February 2022 (UTC)

 * support common name web related searches use the cyprus problem more than cyprus conflict.194.146.156.12 (talk) 14:03, 8 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Differences are not overwhelming and it is less clear. "Problem" is not sufficiently informative of what it pertains to. EU has a "Cyprus problem", archaeology has a "Cyprus problem", etc.  This article is referring specifically to the conflict or dispute.  Current title makes that more immediately clear.  Walrasiad (talk) 23:48, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Not really . It's not a Cyprus problem, it's the Cyprus problem in pretty much all sources. E.g. . There is no ambiguity whatsoever. A Google search for "a Cyprus problem" confirms this - literally no one uses the phrase "Cyprus problem" to refer to anything but the Cyprus problem. In fact, "conflict" is much less specific and misleading, not least because the dispute involves stuff such as EU accession talks, but also because there are many "Cyprus conflicts" e.g. the "1974 Cyprus conflict", "1964 Cyprus conflict" , "1967 Cyprus conflict" . And for WP:COMMONNAME there is no need for an overwhelming difference (although I would argue a 2:1 difference in Google Books is pretty overwhelming), it simply requires it to be "the name that is most commonly used", which it is. --GGT (talk) 00:22, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
 * "The" vs. "a" is not specified in your searches, nor differentiable. Your Googlebook numbers are full of ghost-hits (non-existent). There aren't "132,000" references. Typically, you need to scroll to last page to get real number, but we reach the page limits on both.  Since you are removing clarity in wording, making it less recognizable, I would like to see a more lopsided difference in usage rather than a marginal one. It seems to me to be a toss-up, and I'd prefer to go with the more informative title to help our readers. EDIT: Following the comment below, I wouldn't oppose a move to "dispute".  But not to "problem". Much too vague. Walrasiad (talk) 00:41, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
 * The ghosthit argument doesn't hold for the Google Ngram viewer however, and that also clearly reflects a significant difference in usage (it shows that "Cyprus problem" is 3x more common than "Cyprus conflict"). Is there any alternative data to suggest that "Cyprus problem" is not the by far most common name, or, as you claim, that this is a toss-up? And are there any examples of RS that use "Cyprus problem" to refer to anything but the Cyprus problem? I don't think it's helpful to speculate that there may be ambiguity, over my many years of reading about Cyprus I simply don't remember ever coming across such usage. And how about the idea that "Cyprus conflict" is also unclear as explained above, do you disagree with this? If so, on what grounds? I should note that my preferred title is "Cyprus problem" but I would support a return to "Cyprus dispute" over retaining "Cyprus conflict" - even if this isn't the common name, it removes the problems associated with the "Cyprus conflict" name. --GGT (talk) 01:31, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
 * It's still an ambiguous matter-of-fact phrase that could pertain to EU budgets or archaeology. Ngrams can't tell the difference. Keep the audience in mind. You may read a lot on Cyprus or international affairs.  But Wikipedia readers typically don't.  This article is for casual readers from the general public, not specialists or scholars, someone who might see something about the conflict on the TV news and may want to look more into it. "Cyprus problem" isn't likely how it will be referred to, nor would he know to look under that title. "Conflict" or "dispute" is more precise, informative and helpful.  Walrasiad (talk) 01:43, 10 February 2022 (UTC)

 * Support either this move to Cyprus problem or a revert to Cyprus dispute. I'm not sold that the google hits refer to a common name, but even from a descriptive title view, "conflict" is quite misleading as GGT mentions above. CMD (talk) 00:37, 10 February 2022 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Strong Support per others.93.182.73.53 (talk) 10:06, 13 February 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:38, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Coat of arms of Cyprus (2023).png

new intro is FAR from neutral
The actual reality on the ground, which is what the intro should be about, has nothing to do with such pettifogging details such as treaties and resolutions which can never be enforced. And, indeed, have not been over 49 years.

"presumably", "pretense" and "Turkish Occupation Zone" are also not neutral. 180.150.38.126 (talk) 16:03, 17 June 2023 (UTC)

linking to a related article I'm working on
hi all, this conflict is a major example of a topic I'm currently working on (protracted social conflict), so i added a link to that article in the intro. Grackle.cackle (talk) 19:12, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

Revelation of the facts on the ground
As for the fact revalation on the ground, Fiona Mullen of Sapienta Economics, a consultancy in Nicosia said "We might have reached a point where it’s no longer possible to put the island back together again". Source: https://www.economist.com/europe/2021/11/18/putting-cyprus-together-may-be-impossible Permanent partition? Putting Cyprus together may be impossible (18 November 2021).

title: Talk:Cyprus problem


text:
Talk:European Hill Climb Championship

Categories
The FIA's official page is pretty useless, containing virtually nothing beyond championship standings, or I'd have added more detail. For example, there's no explanation as to what the difference between "Category 1" and "Category 2" is. I hope I or someone else will be able to find such in the fullness of time. Loganberry 11:31, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * "Cat 1" includes Touring cars, "Cat 2" Sports cars and Open wheel cars. Both categories are divided in sub-cats (Group N, A, GT) or Group CN, Formula Three and International Formula 3000. Sorry for the late answer. --Slartibartfass (talk) 21:23, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

Venues
What venues does this Championship visit? Rupertlt (talk) 01:30, 13 March 2010 (UTC)
 * You can see in 2014 FIA European Hill Climb Championship season the venues of the present edition. You can see also 2014 FIA International Hill Climb Cup season, considered the second competition just below the european championship.Rpo.castro (talk) 12:32, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

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Evolution of the calendar
Do we need a Evolution of the calendar section, like in World Rally Championship — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.64.26.156 (talk) 17:31, 22 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:European Hill Climb Championship