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User:ThomistGuy

Hello there! This is my new userpage. I hope you will not find me too much of a bore.

Intention
This is my second wikipedia name. The other one I share with my room mate. The difference between the two is that I will use this one solely for improving wikipedia's articles about philosophy.

Articles I intend to work on
I intend to first review all articles pertaining to the dialogues of Plato. There should be at least some information, in my opinion, on each of Plato's dialogues. After this, I will do the same on each work of Aristotle. The article on Aquinas is already pretty good, so I do not know what I will do to it. As time progresses, I hope to work on most of wikipedia's philosophy articles.

ARTICLES I'VE CREATED
Meletus; Theory of forms; [Categories http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categories_%28Aristotle%29 ]

ARTICLES I HAVE DONE MAJOR EDITING ON
Apology (Plato) This is an ongoing project. Philosophy  Began and Wrote the Section On History. On Generation and Corruption I did not create this article, but on 08/02/05 I did change it from a one line stub that provided no information into something slightly informative. I am hoping to do more with this article in the future.

title: User:ThomistGuy


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Category:Spacecraft manufacturers

de:Kategorie:Raumfahrtunternehmen fr:Catégorie:Industrie spatiale

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Spacecraft manufacturers


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David Best (sculptor)

David Best (born 1945) is an internationally renowned American sculptor. He is well known for building immense temples out of recycled wood sheets (discarded from making toys and other punch-outs) for the Burning Man festivals, where they are then burnt to the ground in a spectacle of light and heat.

Career
Best received a master's degree in sculpture from the San Francisco Art Institute, where he first took classes at the age of six. His commitment to public art seems rooted in 1960s-era idealism. His works — ceramic sculpture, collages and more — have been shown at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Oakland Museum, the Crocker Art Museum in Sacramento, the San Jose Museum of Art, di Rosa and elsewhere.

Best first began collaborating with others, 20 years ago, when he embarked upon a sideline: stripping down vehicles and giving them total sculptural makeovers, using recycled materials and found objects, often retrieved from dumps and dumpsters. Since then, he has created sculptures from the skeletons of 36 cars and two buses, and worked with more than 10,000 people.

Best built his first Burning Man Temple in 2000, The Temple of the Mind. During construction it became a memorial to Michael Hefflin, a member of the crew who died in a motorcycle accident just prior to the event, and as such became a sacred space for remembering others. In 2001, Burning Man helped fund the Temple projects and David, along with Jack Haye who was also responsible for the construction of the Temple of the Mind, built the much larger Temple of Tears. 2001 marked the beginning of a new and profound ritual for the tens of thousands of participants who attend Burning Man each year. After days of writing prayers on the structures, of affixing offerings from one's life such as pictures, paintings, etc., or of leaving the ashes of loved ones, etc. the Temple was burned on Sunday night.

In 2002, Best returned with a new project: the Temple of Joy. In 2003, David departed from the wood temples and created the ornate paper Temple of Honor. In 2004, the Temple of Stars was a quarter mile long and almost 120’ high. David took a break in 2005 and 2006 to work on personal projects, including the Hayes Green Temple in San Francisco. Returning in 2007, David, Tim Dawson and the temple crew built the Temple of Forgiveness. Best originally suggested he might create one more temple in 2010 or 2011, however the 2010 Temple of Flux and the 2011 Temple of Transition were designed and built by other artists. Best returned in 2012 to design and coordinate the building of the Temple of Juno. In 2014, Best and crew constructed the Temple of Grace.

In January and February 2019 Best traveled to Coral Springs and Parkland, Florida to build “The Temple of Time” in remembrance of the 17 lives lost at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School on February 14, 2018, from a School Shooting. The temple was unveiled on February 14, 2019, and will remain in place until it is burned in May.

In August 2022, Best unveiled "River Arch" in Petaluma, California. The 25-foot metal arch serves as a gateway between downtown Petaluma and the surrounding environment.

Burning Man

 * Temple of the Mind (2000)
 * Temple of Tears (aka Temple of Memory) (2001)
 * Temple of Joy (2002)
 * Temple of Honor (2003)
 * Temple of Stars (2004)
 * Temple of Forgiveness (2007)
 * Temple of Juno (2012)
 * Temple of Grace (2014)
 * The Temple (Unnamed Final Contribution) (2016)

Other similar projects

 * Chapel of the Laborer (2005)
 * Temple at Hayes Green (2005)
 * Detroit Dream Project Temple (2008)
 * Broad Street Bridge: Bicentennial Towers (2012)
 * Temple of Remembrance - Paradise Ridge Winery & Voight Family Sculpture Foundation (2014)
 * Temple at Derry/Londonderry in Northern Ireland (2015)
 * Temple at Patricia's Green - Ten Year Anniversary (2015)
 * London1666 - London's Burning festival (2016)
 * Temple of Time - Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School/Coral Springs and Parkland, Florida - (2019) - 1 year anniversary of the school shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School where 17 students died
 * River Arch - Lynch Creek Trail in Petaluma, California.

title: David Best (sculptor)


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Quantization (linguistics)

In formal semantics, a predicate is quantized if it being true of an entity requires that it is not true of any proper subparts of that entity. For example, if something is an "apple", then no proper subpart of that thing is an "apple". If something is "water", then many of its subparts will also be "water". Hence, the predicate "apple" is quantized, while "water" is not.

Formally, a quantization predicate QUA can be defined as follows, where $$U$$ is the universe of discourse, $$F$$ is a variable over sets, and $$p$$ is a mereological part structure on $$U$$ with $$ <_p$$ the mereological part-of relation:

$$(\forall F\subseteq U_p)(QUA(F) \iff (\forall x,y)(F(x)\wedge F(y) \Rightarrow \neg x<_p y))$$

Quantization was first proposed by Manfred Krifka as part of his mereological approach to the semantics of nominals. It has since been applied to other phenomena such as telicity.

title: Quantization (linguistics)


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List of companies of Angola

Angola is a country in Southern Africa and the seventh-largest on the continent.

Angola has vast mineral and petroleum reserves, and its economy is among the fastest growing in the world, especially since the end of the civil war. In spite of this, the standard of living remains low for the majority of the population, and life expectancy and infant mortality rates in Angola are among the worst in the world. Angola's economic growth is highly uneven, with the majority of the nation's wealth concentrated in a disproportionately small sector of the population.

Notable firms
This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.

title: List of companies of Angola


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Inner-City Muslim Action Network

Inner-City Muslim Action Network (IMAN), founded in 1996 by Rami Nashashibi, is one of the leading Muslim charity organizations in the United States.

According to the Inner-City Muslim Action Network, IMAN seeks "to utilize the tremendous possibilities and opportunities that are present in the community to build a dynamic and vibrant alternative to the difficult conditions of inner city life." IMAN sees understanding Islam as part of a larger process to empower individuals and communities to work for the betterment of humanity. Consequently, IMAN has initiated a diverse set of community programs and projects with the hope of changing the conditions in the inner city, in particular the communities on Chicago's South and Southwest Side. IMAN provides a range of direct social services through the IMAN/ICIC Food Pantry, IMAN Health Clinic, and IMAN's Career Development Initiative (ICDI). "Takin' It To The Streets" is IMAN's most popular and well-known project. The festival draws people from all over the Chicago area for a day of festivities, musical performances, sports tournaments, and carnivals.

Directors are listed as: Rami Nashashibi, Ayat Elnoory, Asad Jafri, M. Altaf Kaiseruddin.

title: Inner-City Muslim Action Network


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User talk:Linuxbeak/Desk

Thanks
Thanks for your vote in support of my admin nomination. Paul August ☎ 16:58, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Linuxbeak/Desk


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Still Waiting

Still Waiting may refer to:

 * "Still Waiting" (Prince song)
 * "Still Waiting", a Suede song from Autofiction
 * "Still Waiting" (Sum 41 song)
 * "Still Waiting", a Tom Chaplin song from The Wave
 * "Still Waiting" (Uncanny X-Men song)
 * Still Waiting..., a 2009 sequel to the film Waiting...

title: Still Waiting


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Colonel Reb

Colonel Reb was the official mascot of Ole Miss Rebels, the collegiate athletic teams of the University of Mississippi ("Ole Miss") in Oxford, Mississippi. Designed in 1936, the Colonel served as the teams' official sideline mascot from 1979 until 2003. The university replaced him in 2010 with a new on-field mascot, the Black Bear, who was replaced with Tony the Landshark in 2018.

Origin
Several theories exist as to who originally designed Colonel Reb, a cartoonish, older-aged colonel. One theory proposes that Billy Hix, the art editor for the 1936-1937 Ole Miss yearbook in which the Colonel first appeared, created the image as an illustration for the university's new athletics sobriquet. Another theory postulates that the student group responsible for publishing The Rebel humor magazine designed the Colonel, as this group–known as the "Rebel Club"–was founded in 1937 shortly after the University adopted the "Rebels" nickname and featured on the magazine's masthead an illustration of the Colonel was identical to the one found in the 1937 annual. Still others maintain that the printing company that published the Ole Miss annual was responsible for the design.

University of Mississippi historian David Sansing has noted that "Blind Jim [Ivy] may have been the model for Colonel Rebel," citing the late Frank Everett, Jr., a Mississippi historian and prominent alumnus (B.A. '32, LLB '34) of the university.

Ivy, blinded as a teenager while working with tar on the Tallahatchie Bridge, originally made his way to Oxford in 1896 and became a peanut vendor. During a baseball game between Ole Miss and the University of Texas, a student told Ivy that Mississippi was losing badly. At that point, “Ivy began cheering the home team on in his famous loud booming voice. The team was strangely inspired by Mr. Ivy’s enthusiastic cheering, and won the game decisively.” From that point on, “Blind Jim” became a campus fixture at the University for the next sixty years and was regarded as one of the most passionate fans of its sports teams, known to proudly tell others that he had "never seen Ole Miss lose."

Ivy was very much a part of the university scene when the editor of the school newspaper, The Mississippian, proposed a contest in April 1936 to produce a new nickname for the Ole Miss athletic teams. Prior to this, the teams had been called by various names–the Red and Blue, the Oxfords, the Mighty Mississippians, the Southerners, the Crimson and Blue–and most recently and most popularly up until 1936, the Flood. The Mississippian received many entries and subsequently placed several names–including Rebels, Raiders, Confederates, Stonewalls, and Ole Miss (without a nickname appendage)–in the hands of 21 sportswriters. Ultimately, "Rebels" was the choice of 18 out of the 21 sportswriters, a nickname alluding to the University Greys. After five months of contest and polling, the university's athletics committee formally approved the name, and its sports teams have been known as the Rebels ever since. The look of the Colonel has been modified several times since those early years, however. The 1941-1942 Ole Miss features a depiction of Colonel Reb that looks much more like the well-known image that is used to this day. The earliest and most widely recognized version of the “modern” Colonel, however, appeared on the 1946-1947 Ole Miss, adorning the cover in full color and in much more detail. Ole Miss campus bookstore owner Carl Coers and famous New Orleans cartoonist John Churchill Chase may have also had a hand in revising and modifying the Colonel image during those early years. The California company Angelus Pacific also claims that it designed the Colonel; during this era, ex-Disney artist Art C. Evans illustrated dozens of collegiate mascots that became hugely popular across America and are still widely recognizable today.

Honorary Title
In 1940, Ole Miss students began voting for "Colonel Rebel" as the highest honorary position for male students on campus (not to be confused with the mascot). This title had previously been called "The King of Mardi Gras," but this name was changed by the Associated Student Body executive council in the fall of 1939. This distinction was made in addition to the female equivalent ("Miss Ole Miss"), which had been bestowed upon female students on campus for over a decade. Several distinguished Ole Miss alumni have been elected to one of these two positions, including former University of Mississippi Chancellor Robert Khayat. In 1975, former National Football League standout Ben Williams became the first black student to be elected "Colonel Reb." "Gentle Ben", as he is affectionately known by many in the Ole Miss community, was also the first black football player at Ole Miss. In 1989, star Ole Miss women's basketball player Kimsey O'Neal became the first black student to gain the title "Miss Ole Miss." One year later, in 1990, Roy Lee "Chucky" Mullins, the Rebel athlete who suffered a devastating football injury in 1989 that left him a quadriplegic, was elected "Colonel Reb" by the student body.

In 2013, the Associated Student Body at the University officially changed the name of this honorary title from "Colonel Reb" to "Mr. Ole Miss."

Mascot
As was the trend among many American colleges and universities during the 1970s, the university adopted a costumed mascot, based on its popular "Colonel Rebel" design. Thus, in 1979, Colonel Reb advanced from his 40-year history on paper to a living caricature on the field. The role was filled by a male cheerleader, and the character was first called "Johnny Reb." Throughout the early 1980s, the Ole Miss cheerleading team gained widespread recognition as one of the "top squads" in the nation: the Colonel was named "Best Mascot in the S.E.C." in his first year, and he also helped lead the Rebels to third- and first-place distinctions by the National Cheerleading Association ("NCA") and the Universal Cheerleading Association ("UCA"), respectively, among 99 competing universities. The Colonel was also on hand to welcome former President Gerald Ford when he visited the University of Mississippi in 1981.

For a brief period during the early 1980s, the Colonel also joined members of the Rebel cheerleading squad in traveling to several NBA games to perform at halftime shows, in which the group would use mini-trampolines and perform flashy, acrobatic slam-dunks and other basketball stunts. (This group, which featured Colonel Reb in its earliest performances, was originally known as the "Dixie Daredevils," but it eventually rebranded as the "Bud Light Daredevils" after obtaining a sponsorship from Budweiser.)

The Colonel would continue to turn in strong performances throughout the 1980s: in 1986, he earned "SEC Mascot of the Year" honors and was named the Runner-Up for "National Mascot of the Year" (finishing only behind Cocky of the South Carolina Gamecocks). During that same year, he was also honored as the "National Mascot Fundraiser Champion" for his fundraising efforts for juvenile diabetes research and charitable appearances for United Way.

Mascot search
In 2003, the administration–concerned about some members of the public who perceived a connection between the character and the Old South–removed Colonel Reb from the sidelines at Ole Miss athletic events as the official on-field mascot, though he was allowed at tailgates and other unofficial university functions. A contest was held in which fans were invited to design a replacement. The athletic department chose two finalists, Rebel Bruiser and Rowdy Rebel, and encouraged fans to vote on their favorite. The limited fan response, as well as ridicule from fans of rival schools, prompted the administration to cancel the poll.

In 2010, the University announced it would establish a student committee to choose a new mascot for the school's teams. A website was then established by the committee in an effort to promote transparency throughout the process. After months of analyzing responses and feedback, including the final poll, the committee ultimately selected the Black Bear as the new on-field mascot and named it "Rebel".

The Colonel Reb Foundation, a student group founded in support of reinstating Colonel Reb as the university's mascot, has sponsored the unofficial appearances of the mascot in The Grove on game day. The University has reclassified the Colonel Reb trademark as historical.

title: Colonel Reb


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Boende

Boende is a city and capital of Tshuapa Province, lying on the Tshuapa River, in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is a river port with riverboats sailing to Kinshasa via Mbandaka and is also home to an airport. As of 2009, it had an estimated population of 36,158. The national language used locally is Lingala.

History
Boende was captured by mercenaries during the Simba rebellion in January 1964. This battle was documented in the Mondo documentary Africa Addio.

Climate
Boende has an equatorial tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af) and is hot, humid and wet all year round without pronounced variations in temperature or rainfall.

title: Boende


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Picture of Perfect Youth

Picture of Perfect Youth is a limited CD and vinyl collection of approximately half of Feeder's B-sides at the time of release. The official website sold out of the CD edition, though the album was re-released in March 2007. The vinyl edition remained available to buy, until the last of the stock sold out in late 2005.

The compilation was released with little fanfare; the only single on it was 2001's "Just a Day". However, the band's covers of singles "Can't Stand Losing You" and "The Power of Love"—originally released by The Police and Frankie Goes to Hollywood, respectively—are included. Feeder's cover of "The Power of Love" had been featured on the NME/War Child 1 Love compilation of covers of former UK number 1 singles.

Kerrang! rated the album 3/5 upon its initial release, but a review after the album's reissue from the same publication reduced the rating to 2/5. The re-release charted in the UK albums chart at #65. It also charted at number 3 in the UK Indie Chart.

Disc one

 * 1) "Emily" - 4:44 ("Just A Day", 2001)
 * 2) "Living In Polaroid" - 3:38 ("Insomnia", 1999)
 * 3) "Opaque" - 3:58 ("Come Back Around", 2002)
 * 4) "Power of Love" - 4:46 ("Just the Way I'm Feeling" / "NME in Association with War Child Presents 1 Love"), 2002)
 * 5) "Broken" - 3:23 ("Just the Way I'm Feeling", 2003)
 * 6) "Lose The Fear" - 3:13 ("Forget About Tomorrow", 2003)
 * 7) "Remember the Silence" - 3:50 ("Find the Colour", 2003)
 * 8) "Tomorrow Shine" - 5:04 ("Yesterday Went Too Soon", 1999)
 * 9) "Purple" - 4:04 ("Buck Rogers", 2001)
 * 10) "Space Age Hero" - 3:45 ("Insomnia", 1999)
 * 11) "Can't Stand Losing You" - 3:11 ("Just A Day", 2001)
 * 12) "Just A Day" - 4:04 ("Seven Days in the Sun / Just A Day", 2001)
 * 13) "Slowburn" - 3:52 ("Just A Day", 2001)
 * 14) "Elegy" - 4:06 ("Tangerine", 1997)
 * 15) "21st Century Meltdown" - 3:03 ("Buck Rogers", 2001)
 * 16) "Home For Summer" - 3:24 ("Seven Days in the Sun", 2001)
 * 17) "Here In The Bubble" - 4:25 ("Crash", 1997)
 * 18) "Forgiven" - 4:41 ("Cement", 1997)

Disc two

 * 1) "Feel It Again" - 3:54 ("Come Back Around", 2002)
 * 2) "Getting To Know You Well" - 3:16 ("Yesterday Went Too Soon", 1999)
 * 3) "Whooey" - 3:56 ("Paperfaces", 1999)
 * 4) "Bullet" - 2:53 ("Come Back Around", 2002)
 * 5) "World Asleep" - 4:21 ("Stereo World", 1996)
 * 6) "Rain" - 3:26 ("Tangerine", 1997)
 * 7) "Eclipse" - 2:41 ("Suffocate", 1998)
 * 8) "Oxidize" - 3:50 ("Yesterday Went Too Soon", 1999)
 * 9) "Bad Hair Day" - 2:05 ("Turn", 2001)
 * 10) "Come Back Around" - 3:26 ("Turn", 2001)
 * 11) "Circles" - 3:00 ("Find the Colour", 2003)
 * 12) "Spill" - 2:58 ("Suffocate", 1998)
 * 13) "Rubberband" - 3:42 ("Yesterday Went Too Soon", 1999)
 * 14) "Slider" - 3:25 ("Yesterday Went Too Soon", 1999)
 * 15) "Can't Dance To Disco" - 3:01 ("Day In Day Out", 1999)
 * 16) "TV Me" - 3:30 ("Tangerine", 1997)
 * 17) "Wishing For The Sun" - 3:31 ("High", 1997)
 * 18) "Undivided" - 4:06 ("Crash", 1997)

All of the B-Sides from the "Yesterday Went Too Soon", "Just A Day" and "Find the Colour" singles appear on this album.

"Come Back Around" - track 10 on disc 2 - is not to be confused with Feeder's hit single of the same name, a better-known song that was written and released a year after this song appears on the Turn single.

Credits
All tracks written by Grant Nicholas, except "Power of Love" (written by Peter Gill, Holly Johnson, Brian Nash, and Mark O'Toole of Frankie Goes to Hollywood) and "Can't Stand Losing You" (written by Sting).

title: Picture of Perfect Youth


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Jeepers Creepers (song)

"Jeepers Creepers" is a popular song and jazz standard. The music was written by Harry Warren and the lyrics by Johnny Mercer for the 1938 movie Going Places. It was premiered by Louis Armstrong and has been covered by many other musicians. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1938 but lost to "Thanks for the Memory". The song was included in the 1984 Smithsonian collection American Popular Song: Six Decades of Songwriters and Singers and in the 1998 album The Songs of Harry Warren.

Background
In the film Going Places, Louis Armstrong sang the song to a racehorse named Jeepers Creepers. The phrase "jeepers creepers", a minced oath for "Jesus Christ", predates both the song and film. Mercer said that the title came from a Henry Fonda line in an earlier movie. The lyrics include: Jeepers Creepers, where'd ya get those peepers?

Jeepers Creepers, where'd ya get those eyes?

1939 recordings

 * There were three popular versions of the song released in 1939, by Louis Armstrong, Larry Clinton, and Al Donahue. It served as a contrafact for the Tadd Dameron composition "Flossie Lou".

Lyrics
I don't care what the weather man says,

when the weatherman says it's raining

you'll never hear me complaining,

I'm certain the sun will shine.

I don't care how the weather vane points,

when the weather vane points to gloomy

it's gotta be sunny to me,

when your eyes look into mine.

Jeepers Creepers, where'd ya get those peepers?

Jeepers Creepers, where'd ya get those eyes?

Gosh oh, git up, how'd they get so lit up?

Gosh oh, git up, how'd they get that size?

Golly gee! When you turn those heaters on, woe is me,

got to put my cheaters on. Jeepers Creepers,

where'd ya get those peepers? Oh, those weepers,

how they hypnotize. Where'd ya get those eyes?

Where'd ya get those eyes? Where'd ya get those eyes?

Controversy

 * Siouxsie and the Banshees's 1988 single "Peek-a-Boo" caused a minor controversy shortly after its release, as the lines of the chorus ("Golly jeepers/Where'd you get those weepers?/Peepshow, creepshow/Where did you get those eyes?") were found to be too similar to the lyrics of "Jeepers Creepers." To remedy the situation and to avoid legal action, the band gave co-songwriting credit on "Peek-a-Boo" to Warren and Mercer.

title: Jeepers Creepers (song)


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Battle of annihilation

Annihilation is a military strategy in which an attacking army seeks to entirely destroy the military capacity of the opposing army. This strategy can be executed in a single planned pivotal battle, called a "battle of annihilation". A successful battle of annihilation is accomplished through the use of tactical surprise, application of overwhelming force at a key point, or other tactics performed immediately before or during the battle.

The end goal of a battle of annihilation is to cause the leaders of the opposing army to sue for peace due to the complete annihilation of its army and thus inability to further engage in offensive or defensive military action. It is not necessary to kill or capture all, or even most, of an opposing army's forces to annihilate it in the sense used here. Rather, the destruction of the enemy army as a cohesive military force able to offer further meaningful military offense or defense, even if temporarily, is the objective.

Significance
In ancient and classical times, many battles ended with the annihilation of one of the opposing forces, the Battles of Cannae, Zama and Adrianople being famous examples. From the Renaissance onward, however, the battle of annihilation strategy fell into disuse, at least in Europe. The greatest exception is seen in the battles of Napoleon Bonaparte, with whom the battle of annihilation in the modern sense is most closely associated, and term "Napoleonic battle of annihilation" is sometimes used. The Battle of Austerlitz is often cited as the paragon of the modern battle of annihilation.

Napoleon's victories at Austerlitz (1805) and Jena (1806) are often cited as the classic battles of annihilation. Napoleon himself was unable to again achieve such decisive results, partly because his enemies then adjusted to his tactics. For example, the Battle of Borodino was a victory but did not result in the desired destruction of the Russian army.

After Napoleon
Nevertheless, strategists, influenced by those of the Napoleonic era, most notably Antoine-Henri Jomini, held the Napoleonic battle of annihilation to be the proper objective of modern military campaigns. That interpretation was later accredited to the more renowned Carl von Clausewitz, initially by Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, who supported arguments for strategies of annihilation with quotes from Clausewitz. However, Clausewitz disliked Jomini personally and his concepts and may have instead emphasized the primacy of the political in warfare, and remained indifferent to theories arguing for any absolute solutions via the application of military force. Nevertheless, that set the stage for mass confusion down the line of strategic thinkers. Clausewitz's trilogies (albeit used out of context) are contested by Liddell Hart, who claims in Strategy that a poor choice of words by Clausewitz led his interpreters to overestimate the value of battles of annihilation. Consequently, at the beginning of the American Civil War, many top military commanders mistakenly expected that a battle of annihilation would quickly end the war. However, the size and firepower of armies were making the battle of annihilation more difficult to achieve.

A contrast may be seen between Confederate General Robert E. Lee and Union General Ulysses S. Grant. Lee, when on the offensive, usually maneuvered with the intent of forcing a battle of annihilation. His archetypal attempt was at the Battle of Chancellorsville in which a classic Napoleonic flanking maneuver defeated but was not able to destroy the Union Army under Joseph Hooker. Lee may be faulted for attempting to achieve a battle of annihilation, particularly at the Battle of Gettysburg. In contrast, Grant was noted for waging campaigns of maneuver. During the Battle of Vicksburg, he forced John C. Pemberton's army into a siege position in which it was forced to surrender without a battle. In the Virginia campaign of 1864 against Lee, he continually maneuvered around Lee and forced him to withdraw further and further south until he had to choose between abandoning the Confederate capital, Richmond, or withdrawing into siege lines. William Tecumseh Sherman may also be cited. Rather than pursuing the chimera of destroying John Bell Hood's army, Sherman chose to operate directly against the Confederate economy. His famous march through Georgia, directly away from Hood, was basically the opposite of a Napoleonic strategy.

During the Franco-Prussian War, the Prussians (and later the Germans) made their own version of the battle of annihilation by destroying entire armies relatively quickly by means of rapid troop movement and rapid encirclement of the enemy. Those tactics came into fruition during the decisive battles of Metz and Sedan in which two main French armies were completely annihilated at the same time and relatively quickly, rendering France almost completely defenseless against the German invasion.

The Napoleonic ideal was still alive at the beginning of World War I. In fact, the Germans were able to execute a battle of annihilation against the Russian 2nd Army at the Battle of Tannenberg during the war's opening weeks. However, attempts to create such a result on the Western Front resulted in great slaughter to no effect. Armies were now too large to have flanks to turn and had too much firepower and too much defensive depth to be broken by assault.

Since World War I, the paradigm of armies maneuvering in the empty countryside for weeks and then meeting in a battle lasting usually a single day no longer applies (at least to wars between major powers). Instead, armies are deployed in more-or-less continuous lines that stretch perhaps hundreds of miles. Thus, the battle of annihilation may be considered to be mainly of historical interest, except for secondary campaigns.

The tactics executed by the Prussians during the Franco-Prussian War later served to inspire the blitzkrieg during World War II, with highly-mobile formations executing a battle of annihilation by charging straight into the enemy's weak point and attempt to encircle and destroy separate enemy pockets. The tactics became spectacularly successful during the German invasions of Poland, France and the Soviet Union until they themselves became annihilated by the Soviets in battles such as Stalingrad, Belorussia and Berlin.

During the Pacific War, the Imperial Japanese Navy's strategy was fixated on the goal of luring the numerically-superior United States Pacific Fleet into a single decisive battle of annihilation, which would force the United States to sue for peace. That was at least partially the motivation behind the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor and the Battle of Midway but was loosely followed for as long as the IJN was capable of offensive operations. The goal was never achieved for several reasons. First, the US Navy was wary of committing all of its forces to one major battle. Further, the IJN concentrated so much of its efforts on preparing for a single massive showdown, which never truly occurred, that it neglected devoting resources towards protecting its naval supply lines, which soon fell prey to a Fabian strategy when they were extensively targeted by US submarines. Even Japanese victories such as the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands failed to annihilate their opponents utterly. The hoped-for "decisive battle" against the US Navy never came, and the IJN was gradually ground down through attrition.

Alternatives
Initially, it might seem that annihilation of the opposing army is the obvious object of any military campaign. However, many battles have been fought to cause an enemy army simply to retreat or to suffer attrition, and many campaigns have been waged to avoid, rather than seek, such a battle. Reasons for not seeking a battle of annihilation include the following:

 * Avoidance of the risk and cost associated with such a battle
 * Lack of means to attempt such a battle
 * Ability to achieve desired objectives through other means
 * Accepted practice
 * Political concerns
 * Possibility for enemy to declare fight to the death
 * Fear of repercussions

title: Battle of annihilation


text:
Bikoro

Bikoro is a market town in Équateur Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, lying on Lake Tumba, south of Mbandaka. It is the administrative center of Bikoro Territory. In 2012, the estimated population was 7,426.

Bikoro was the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bikoro (which started as a mission sui iuris in 1931) until its suppression in 1975.

In 2018, Bikoro was affected by an outbreak of Ebola virus disease, the ninth in the DRC's history.

Trivia
There is an airfield called Bikoro Airport found in official registers with the ICAO-Code FZBC. Bikoro never had an airport as various old maps and aeronautical charts confirm. It is instead served by the airfield of Yembe-Moke (FZEM) located 7 miles north-east of the town. Additionally, the third letter "B" in the code indicates that the airport is located the former province of Bandundu. Bikoro is located in the former province of Equateur. It is therefore assumed that FZBC is actually the ICAO code intended for Bokoro airport that has been wrongly assigned due to a spelling error.

title: Bikoro


text:
Van der Valk

Van der Valk is a British television crime drama series produced for the ITV network by Thames Television. It ran from 1972 to 1992, with the first three series produced between 1972 and 1977, and two more being commissioned in 1991 and 1992.

The series was created by Nicolas Freeling, based on his novels about a detective in Amsterdam. It starred Barry Foster in the role of titular character Simon "Piet" van der Valk.

Cast and characters

 * Barry Foster as Commissaris Simon "Piet" van der Valk
 * Michael Latimer as Inspecteur Johnny Kroon (Series 1–2)
 * Susan Travers as Arlette van der Valk (Series 1–2)
 * Joanna Dunham as Arlette van der Valk (Series 3)
 * Meg Davies as Arlette van der Valk (Series 4–5)
 * Martin Wyldeck as Hoofd-commissaris Samson (Series 1)
 * Nigel Stock as Hoofd-commissaris Samson (Series 3)
 * Ronald Hines as Hoofd-commissaris Samson (Series 4–5)
 * Sydney Tafler as Hoofd-commissaris Halsbeek (Series 2)
 * Richard Huw as Wim van der Valk (Series 4–5)
 * Dave Carter as Brigadier Stribos (Series 1–2)
 * Natasha Pyne as Janet (Series 4–5)
 * Alan Haines as Brigadier Mertens (Series 1)

Background and production
The show was produced by Thames Television for the ITV network. The first two series were produced in 1971 and 1972, followed by a third in 1977, with two more being commissioned in 1991 and 1992.

The first and second series, of 6 and 7 one-hour episodes respectively, were recorded on 2" quadruplex videotape at Thames' Teddington Studios in London, with location scenes shot in Amsterdam on 16mm film.

The third series of 12 episodes, again of one hour in length, was generally made on location, entirely on 16mm film, by Thames's subsidiary Euston Films.

The fourth series and fifth series, of four and three two-hour episodes, were produced by Elmgate Productions, and also entirely shot on 35mm film. They were also entirely shot on location in the Netherlands and were transmitted in stereo sound using the NICAM system.

Setting and characters
The television series was based on the characters and atmosphere, but not the plots, of the original novels. The stories mostly take place in and around Amsterdam, where Commissaris van der Valk is a cynical yet intuitive detective. Drugs, sex and murder are among the gritty themes of the casework, presented in contrast to the picturesque locations and the upbeat theme music.

In the opening credits of the first series, Van der Valk is standing inside the tower of the Westerkerk.

In the first two series Van der Valk contrasts with his naïve assistant, Inspecteur Johnny Kroon, played by Michael Latimer, and his superior, Hoofd-commissaris Samson, who deals with the political fallout of the cases. The fourth series and fifth series portrayed a more senior Van der Valk and introduced a son, Wim, also an Amsterdam detective. Samson was played by three actors over the course of the show: Martin Wyldeck for two episodes in 1972, Nigel Stock for 12 episodes in 1977, and Ronald Hines for the revival in 1991–92. Van der Valk's French wife Arlette was played by three actresses over the course of the show's twenty-year run: initially by Susan Travers, Joanna Dunham for the third series, and finally Meg Davies for the revival in 1991–92. Other actors included Sydney Tafler, as Hoofd-commissaris Halsbeek, and Alan Haines and Dave Carter, who played uniformed officers Mertens and Stribos. In the revival Richard Huw, played Van der Valk's son Wim, and Natasha Pyne his secretary, Janet.

Locations
Series 1 and 2 are set at the art nouveau Politiebureau no. 14 at Leidseplein 15, while series 3 to 5 show the Amsterdam police headquarters at Marnixstraat 260-264.

 * S01 E01 "One Herring's Not Enough": Schiller Hotel (Rembrandtplein)
 * S01 E02 "Destroying Angel": Stadsschouwburg, Apollo Hotel, Aerdenhout, Zandvoort beach
 * S01 E06 "The Adventurer": Westerkerk, d’Vijff Vlieghen (Spuistraat 294), Apollo Hotel
 * S02 E01 "A Death by the Sea": Bonebakker jeweller's (Rokin 88-99)
 * S02 E02 "A Man of No Importance": Demka-spoorbrug over the Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal, Magere Brug, Waterlooplein market, Mozes en Aäronkerk, Centraal station, De Oude Prins, Amstelzijde 37 (now Loetje aan de Amstel) and ‘Antiek O.V. Kemeling’, Amstelzijde 33, Ouderkerk
 * S02 E03 "A Rose from Mr Reinhardt": Beatrixpark, Rembrandtplein, De Wallen
 * S02 E04 "A Dangerous Point of View": university courtyard, Albert Cuyp Market, Taanplaats (Spaarndam), Slokop windmill (Spaarndam)
 * S02 E05 "Season for Love": Schiphol, De Krijtberg church, shop at Singel 419 and café at Singel 415
 * S02 E06 "Rich Man, Poor Man": Sloterdijkerbrug, Galgenstraat & Prinseneiland 22
 * S03 E01 "Enemy": Car chase along Oostenburgergracht, nl:Dageraadsbrug (nl), De Gooyer, Funenkade, Zeeburgerpad, Panamalaan, Nieuwe Entrepotdokschutsluis, nl:Brug 352 (nl), Cruquiusweg loading ramp, Pakhuis Koning Willem I
 * S03 E05 "Man of Iron": Paradiso, Weteringschans 6, Entrepotdok
 * S03 E03 "The Runt": Montelbaanstoren, Zuider IJdijk, Syphonsluis bij het nl:Gemaal Zeeburg, Amsterdamse Brug, Kalkmarkt 5
 * S03 E04 "Wolf": Lijnbaansgracht 11, Leidsestraat, nl:Reynders (café), Magere Brug, Vondelpark, Dam
 * S03 E06 "Everybody Does It": Victoria Hotel, Werfmolern De Kat (Zaanse Schans), NDSM, National Monument (Dam Square)
 * S03 E07 "Face Value": Schiphol, Okura Hotel (Ferdinand Bolstraat), De Derde Bocht (Durgerdammerdijk), Prinz Snackbar-Restaurant (Ceintuurbaan 350) and chase across Ceintuurbaan-Sarphatipark junction, Prinsengracht 180 (H Keijzer koffie- en theehadnel), 172 (Dian) & 168 (De Eike Boom gallery)
 * S03 E08 "Dead on Arrival": Heathrow Airport, Victoria Embankment, London
 * S03 E09 "The Professor": American Hotel, Sportshop Roelvink (Amsterdamseweg 506, Amstelveen), university quad, Oudemanhuispoort, Molen de Dikkert (Amsterdamseweg 104a, Amstelveen), Kortjewantsbrug and underpass, Nederlands Scheepvaartmuseum (Postgebouw in background)
 * S03 E10 "In Hazard": Houthaven, Dam
 * S03 E11 "Gold Plated Delinquents": Kadijksplein, Pontsteiger-Distelweg car ferry
 * S03 E12 "Diane": De Oude Smidse (Oudekerk), Rembrandt statue by Riekermolen, Paulus Potterstraat, Museumplein highway (in place 1953-1997), Reguliersbreestraat 44 (then Café Otten, now Burgerfabriek)
 * S04 E02 Dangerous Games: Houthaven car ferry, Silodam, Durgerdam, Multatuli statue (Torensluis), Artis, Groote Zeesluis (Muiden), Muidersloot, Oude Kerk, De Ruijterkade, Loods 6 (KNSM Island)
 * S04 E03 "A Sudden Silence": Kurhaus (Scheveningen), Rijksmuseum, Binnenhof, Kamer van Koophandel, Sloterdijk station, Jaagpad/Punterspad (Nieuwe Meer), Hoogte Kadijk/Matrozenhof
 * S04 E04 "The Little Rascals": Noorderkerk, Prinsensluis, Silodam, Haarlemmer Houttuinen, Ketelmakerstraat cycle bridge – [illogical route] – Petermayersbrug, Zandhoek 9-1, Spui, Oudemanhuispoort book market, Radhuisstraat
 * S05 E01 "The Ties that Bind": roof of Grand Hotel Krasnapolsky (Dam Square), Restaurant Luden (Spuistraat 108), roof of Spuistraat 281, Hilton Hotel (Apollolaan), Herengracht 541
 * S05 E02 "Proof of Life": Laagte Kadijk, Waterlooplein market, metro to Centraal, Muiderpoortstation, Oude Kerk
 * S05 E03 "Still Waters": landing stage on Snoekjesgracht, Kromboomsloot, Stopera, under Oostertoegangsspoorbrug, Toetsenbordweg (Western Harbour)
 * The Four Oaks Mystery: Ambassade Hotel (Herengracht 229), Nijlpaardenbrug (Entrepotdok)

Soundtrack
The signature theme, "Eye Level", was composed by Jack Trombey (a pseudonym of Dutch composer Jan Stoeckart) and was performed by the Simon Park Orchestra. It reached number one on the UK Singles Chart in 1973. Also that year, Matt Monro charted with a vocal version titled "And You Smiled". In the final TV series, the theme was played at a slightly faster tempo than previously.

Home media
Van der Valk Season 1 was released on DVD in Region 2 in 2002.Part 3 & Part 4 on dvd Have been mislabeled by Clear Vision as Series 1 but are actually Series 2. The remaining seasons 3-5 were not released until "The Complete Series" box set by Network on 22 October 2007. Network re-released the box set on 20 August 2018. In Region 4, Shock Entertainment released "The Complete Collection" box set on 18 September 2013, and was re-released by Via Vision Entertainment on 2 June 2021.

title: Van der Valk


text:
Bumba

Bumba can refer to:

Geography

 * Bumba, Democratic Republic of the Congo, a town on the Congo River
 * Bumba, a crater on Rhea
 * Bumba, mythical land of the Kalmyk people in the Epic of Jangar

People

 * Bumba Da, nickname of Bengali film actor Prasenjit Chatterjee
 * Claudiu Bumba, a Romanian football player

Other

 * Bumba (god), or Mbombo, the supreme deity of the Bushongo people
 * Bumba (TV series), a children's television series created by Studio 100
 * Bumba (spider), a genus of spiders in the subfamily Theraphosinae
 * Bumba Meu Boi, a Brazilian folk theatrical tradition
 * "Bumba", a song from Soulfly on their self-titled debut album

title: Bumba


text: File:Sufjan Stevens - Illinois.jpg

title: File:Sufjan Stevens - Illinois.jpg


text:
Dragon Wars

Dragon Wars is a fantasy role-playing video game developed by Rebecca Heineman and published by Interplay Productions in 1989 and distributed by Activision.

Gameplay
The player starts the game with a party of four characters, who can be either the default characters or ones created by the player. Alternatively, the player may import characters from The Bard's Tale trilogy into Dragon Wars. During the game, the seven character slots can be filled with any combination of the starting characters, recruited characters, and summoned creatures.

Plot
The story from the back of the original box states:

"The designers of the Bard's Tale series, Wasteland, and Battle Chess pooled their talents to create the ultimate role-playing fantasy. They knew it had to be a first-rate story with sophisticated graphics. The result was Dragon Wars.

Sailing across uncharted seas, you and your party are in search of a legendary paradise called Dilmun — a place where the streets are paved with gold and no one wants for anything.

However, King Drake of Phoebus has declared all magic illegal - magickers have been slain or fled into exile. In retaliation, enemy islands have threatened to unleash their guardian dragons, the most destructive force in the world. While docked at a harbor in Dilmun, you are arrested on suspicion of spellcasting.

Imprisoned and stripped of everything but your wits, you are sentenced to life in a cesspool called Purgatory. Magic is your only salvation - a worldly possession in a world possessed."

Development
During the initial design process for Bard's Tale III: Thief of Fate, one of the designers came up with a list of enhancements and improvements for the game. With the possibility that Interplay would soon be parting ways with Electronic Arts, it was decided to save these for a future game and stick closer to the original engine, though the auto-mapping feature did make it into Bard's Tale III.

These design improvements came in this next game, Dragon Wars. In essence, the game was a fusion of Bard's Tale and design philosophy pioneered in Wasteland.

Until a month before release, the game was developed as Bard's Tale IV, but the rights to the title were still held by Electronic Arts; thus, a new title and setting were needed for the game. It was derived in part from the Sumerian legends of Gilgamesh, with the chief villain of the game being named Namtar. Since to this point the game didn't feature any dragons, the new title meant that Heineman had to add one.

Interplay advertisements displayed the slogan "Bard's Tale Fans Rejoice!" above the game's name, and mentioned Dragon Wars' ability to import Bard's Tale characters. The designers all felt it was a better game than Bard's Tale III, and indeed, better than any of the Bard's Tale series, but without the tie-in to the old title and without Electronic Arts' marketing muscle, the game did not fare as well.

To defend against pirated copies of the game, Dragon Wars included a collection of numbered paragraphs within their manual. Players would receive an in-game message (i.e. "Read paragraph 23"), and have to refer back to the printed material. The game is very difficult to play without references to the paragraphs, and many parts become meaningless. This form of security was widely used at the time.

A sequel, Dragon Wars 2, was in the concept stage of development around the mid-1990s but was cancelled because of the original's tepid sales figures and RPGs being out of style at the time.

Reception
Dragon Wars was reviewed in 1989 in Dragon #152 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 5 out of 5 stars. Scorpia gave the game a positive review in Computer Gaming World in 1989, noting improvements over the Bard's Tale series, saying that "tighter design, attention to detail, balanced combat, and a carefully constructed plotline all combine to produce a CRPG well worth playing". In 1993 she wrote that the game was "a good choice when you want something a bit more than a standard slicer/dicer".

According to Heineman, the game sold well but two things were against it: the game being a blobber RPG and not being able to use The Bard's Tale name. The game eventually broke even.

The game was later included in the Interplay's 10 Year Anthology Classic Collection released in 1993.

Reviews

 * Joker Verlag präsentiert: Sonderheft (1992)
 * Amiga Joker (February 1991)
 * CU Amiga (February 1991)
 * The Games Machine (March 1990)
 * Génération 4 (April 1990)
 * ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) (April 1990)
 * Tilt (March 1990)
 * Enchanted Realms (May 1991)
 * Jeux & Stratégie nouvelle formule #7

title: Dragon Wars


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Araby (story)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - should be moved to Wikisource - SimonP 15:43, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Araby (story)
Should be either deleted, or part of wikisource. No reason to have story in wikipedia. Also available via Project Gutenberg Wikibofh 17:07, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wikisource. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 18:05, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wikisource, though I wouldn't mind an actual article about the story. Mgm|(talk) 19:07, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki, agreeing with MacGyverMagic. --Idont Havaname 19:16, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Jean-Pierre Serre

Comment
The FAC link is incorrect. Dmharvey 17:07, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I removed the phrase "In simple terms" from the front of the highly complex mathematical statement: In simple terms, the problem was that the cohomology of a coherent sheaf over a finite field couldn't capture as much topology as singular cohomology with integer coefficients. (TCO)

Wolf Prize and Abel
See Talk:Wolf_Prize for a lengthy comment and please direct responses there. --C S (Talk) 11:18, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

The anon insists on removing the clearly correct assertions that Serre won the Fields and Wolf, two of the highest honors in math (see Wolf Prize talk page linked above), by saying s/he is reverting "factual errors". I hope s/he understands that continuing in this way without discussion will not succeed. --C S (Talk) 01:30, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

I can understand that Etale has changed his/her mind about what should be in the intro, but removing mention of the Fields Medal from the intro is quite a serious mistake. The lead section of an article is supposed to stand alone as a summary of the article, and many people would find the mention of the Fields essential information. --C S (Talk) 13:18, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Serre is now retired from the College de France
Hence the information given in the "life and carrer" part is outdated. Being no native-speaker of english, I would prefer taht someone else makes the required changes. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 160.39.47.62 (talk) 02:38, 28 January 2007 (UTC).

I agree. I fixed that. 82.224.137.145 (talk) 20:28, 30 January 2009 (UTC)

Killing spaces??
Someone added the following sentence: "Together with Cartan, Serre established the technique of Killing spaces for computing homotopy groups of spheres, a problem which was, at that time, considered as the major problem in topology." I don't understand what "Killing spaces" means in this context. Maybe it refers to the technique of building Eilenberg-MacLane spaces? Or, to Postnikov towers? At any rate, this needs to be rewritten. Turgidson 17:25, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Some confusion. It is groups killed, not spaces - the technique generalizes taking the universal cover to kill the fundamental group. And it has nothing to do with Wilhelm Killing. Charles Matthews 19:55, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, of course -- but why get into such details, instead of simply referring to the article on K(π,n) spaces for the construction (which was known before), and focussing instead on the tremendous new stuff (Serre fibrations, Serre spectral sequence, Serre classes, etc) that Serre did in his thesis? I will give it a shot sometimes tomorrow, when I get some time.  Turgidson 20:56, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 04:00, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

At 96 he skis and practices rock climbing?
I cannot help but wonder whether the present tense is the correct tense to describe his participation in skiing and rock climbing.

title: Talk:Jean-Pierre Serre


text:
Brian Macdonald (choreographer)

Brian Ronald Macdonald  (May 14, 1928 – November 29, 2014) was a Canadian dancer, choreographer and director of opera, theatre and musical theatre.

Early and personal life
Brian Macdonald was born in Montreal, Quebec on May 14, 1928. His father Ian was Irish and worked at Dominion Glass Co. as a sales manager while his mother Mabel Lee was Scottish. Macdonald was a child actor for Radio-Canada and studied piano.

In 1959 Macdonald's first wife Olivia Wyatt died in an automobile accident. Macdonald became a single father, raising his three-year-old son. Macdonald met his second wife Annette av Paul while the artistic director of the Royal Swedish Ballet. They married in 1964.

He died on November 29, 2014, in Stratford, Ontario, of bone cancer.

Dancer
Macdonald was taking a B.A. in English at McGill University when he began ballet classes with noted teachers Gerald Crevier and Elizabeth Leese. From 1947-1949 he was music critic for the Montreal Herald. Macdonald joined the National Ballet of Canada in 1951 and was one of its founding members. He left the company in 1953 due to a serious arm injury.

Ballet choreographer
Early on in his dance training Macdonald was inspired to study choreography, affected by the Ballets Russes rehearsal of Concerto Barocco by George Balanchine in Montreal. He was struck by the way the ballerinas were dancing en pointe and in high heels.

In 1956 he established his own company called the Montreal Theatre Ballet. He went on to create works for the Royal Winnipeg Ballet such as The Darkling in 1958 and Les Whoops De Doo in 1959. One of his most acclaimed works was Time Out of Mind created for Joffrey Ballet in 1963. He choreographed Rose Latulippe in 1966, which was Canada's first evening-length ballet performance and the first full-length colour production filmed by the Canadian Broadcasting Company.

He was artistic director of the Royal Swedish Ballet from 1964 to 1967 and artistic director of Harkness Ballet from 1967 to 1968, during which time he choreographed Canto Indio. He then moved on to become artistic director of Israel's Batsheva Dance Theatre from 1971–1972 and Les Grands Ballets Canadiens from 1974 to 1977, where he choreographed Tam Ti Delam in 1974 and Lignes et Pointes. In 1978 Macdonald choreographed Double Quartet which features a young woman and her admirers dancing to the string quartets of Schubert and R. Murray Schafer.

Macdonald's last choreographic work was Requiem 9/11, which premiered at the National Arts Centre in 2002. The piece was Macdonald's perspective of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, performed to Giuseppe Verdi's Requiem. The ballet was danced in front of images of violent events from history. The dancers were covered in ash-looking makeup to reflect the appearance of survivors fleeing the World Trade Center buildings. The dance was well received by audience members and critics. Hugh Winsor from The Globe and Mail, who was present at the inaugural performance, wrote that the audience gave the show "an extended standing ovation."

Musical theatre choreographer and director
In 1957, Macdonald and his wife, Olivia choreographed the satirical revue My Fur Lady which went on a national tour of over 400 performances. In 1968 Macdonald directed Maggie Flynn for its premiere on Broadway.

Macdonald moved to Stratford, Ontario, and became an associate director of the Stratford Festival. He became known for reviving Gilbert and Sullivan operettas to critical acclaim. He directed The Mikado in 1982 which toured the world until it made its debut on Broadway. It earned Macdonald Tony Award nominations for Best Choreography and Best Direction of a Musical. Macdonald's last directed musical at the Stratford Festival was The Music Man in 1996, ending 17 seasons with the Stratford Festival.

Opera
Macdonald's debut as an opera director was Cosi fan tutte by Wolfgang Mozart in 1972. This was followed by Massenet's Cendrillon in 1979 and Madama Butterfly in 1990.

His final work was a revival his 1990 staging of Madama Butterfly with the Canadian Opera Company in 2014. The show was praised for the talent of the cast in their vocal abilities. The show was criticised for a lack of emotional connection between the performers, with Richard Ouzounian of the Toronto Star saying, "[T]he whole thing now has that "paint by the numbers" kind of feel about it, with everyone coughing up lungfuls of emotion, but rarely connecting to each other at all in any genuine way." Robert Harris of The Globe and Mail commented that the show struggled to overcome issues of racism and prejudice that exist in the opera.

Dance teacher
In 1982 Macdonald became the head of the Banff Centre's Summer Dance Program. He split the program into a training section and a professional section which performed remounted works by Macdonald, George Balanchine and winners of the Clifford E Lee Choreographic Award. Some of his students have included Johnny Wright, the male lead in the West End production of Dirty Dancing, and Crystal Pite. He was head of the program until 2001 when he became artistic advisor from 2001-2007.

Awards

 * 1964 Paris International Gold Star for choreography
 * 1967 Officer of the Order of Canada
 * 1970 Paris International Gold Star for choreography
 * 1983 Molson Prize
 * 1988 Dance Canada Prize
 * 1988 Banff Centre National Arts Award
 * 2001 Walter Carsen Prize for Excellence in the Performing Arts
 * 2002 Companion of the Order of Canada
 * 2008 Governor General Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Achievement
 * 2012 Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal

title: Brian Macdonald (choreographer)


text: User talk:216.162.28.202

title: User talk:216.162.28.202


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ethiopian Folktale from Structuralist Narrative Perspective

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted- SimonP 15:39, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Ethiopian Folktale from Structuralist Narrative Perspective
Original research and/or unencyclopedic. Not to mention long as hell. If a structuralist narrative perspective on Ethiopian folktales really hold any importance, it could be added to an article such as Ethiopian folklore. Besides, this woud appear to be a prank. Salleman 17:10, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Original research, looks suspiciously like a copyvio. Delete (or, if not copyvio, transwiki). - Mustafaa 17:53, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Not really as long as it seems, much of it repeats itself. Prank at worst, original research at best. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  17:56, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, looks like an essay. --Idont Havaname 19:15, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as probable vandalism. It's six copies of a single essay. --Carnildo 23:12, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research. JamesBurns 11:23, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Unencyclopeadic. The Belgain 21:34, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:206.117.237.56

title: User talk:206.117.237.56


text:
File:ComfortinSound.jpg

Summary
Fair use album cover used to illustrate album in question, Comfort in Sound. Source

Fair Use Rationale for Comfort in Sound
 This image, picture-fair-use.jpg, is being linked here; though the picture is subject to copyright I feel it is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * it is a low resolution copy of a CD album cover;
 * it does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD album in any way;
 * copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD;
 * the image on the cover is significant because it was the latest album at the time Feeder played their first arena headline gigs.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: File:ComfortinSound.jpg


text:
N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC or DCCD) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (C6H11N)2C. It is a waxy white solid with a sweet odor. Its primary use is to couple amino acids during artificial peptide synthesis. The low melting point of this material allows it to be melted for easy handling. It is highly soluble in dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide, but insoluble in water.

Structure and spectroscopy
The C−N=C=N−C core of carbodiimides (N=C=N) is linear, being related to the structure of allene. The molecule has idealized C2 symmetry.

The N=C=N moiety gives characteristic IR spectroscopic signature at 2117 cm−1. The 15N NMR spectrum shows a characteristic shift of 275 ppm upfield of nitric acid and the 13C NMR spectrum features a peak at about 139 ppm downfield from TMS.

Preparation
DCC is produced by the decarboxylation of cyclohexylisocyanate using phosphine oxides as a catalyst:
 * 2 C6H11NCO →  (C6H11N)2C  +  CO2

Alternative catalysts for this conversion include the highly nucleophilic OP(MeNCH2CH2)3N.

Other methods
Of academic interest, palladium acetate, iodine, and oxygen can be used to couple cyclohexyl amine and cyclohexyl isocyanide. Yields of up to 67% have been achieved using this route:
 * C6H11NC + C6H11NH2 + O2 → (C6H11N)2C + H2O

DCC has also been prepared from dicyclohexylurea using a phase transfer catalyst. The disubstituted urea, arenesulfonyl chloride, and potassium carbonate react in toluene in the presence of benzyl triethylammonium chloride to give DCC in 50% yield.

 * [[file:DCC synthesis.svg|left|Phase transfer catalysis]]

Amide, peptide, and ester formation
DCC is a dehydrating agent for the preparation of amides, ketones, and nitriles. In these reactions, DCC hydrates to form dicyclohexylurea (DCU), a compound that is nearly insoluble in most organic solvents and insoluble in water. The majority of the DCU is thus readily removed by filtration, although the last traces can be difficult to eliminate from non-polar products. DCC can also be used to invert secondary alcohols. In the Steglich esterification, alcohols, including even some tertiary alcohols, can be esterified using a carboxylic acid in the presence of DCC and a catalytic amount of DMAP.

In protein synthesis (such as Fmoc solid-state synthesizers), the N-terminus is often used as the attachment site on which the amino acid monomers are added. To enhance the electrophilicity of carboxylate group, the negatively charged oxygen must first be "activated" into a better leaving group. DCC is used for this purpose. The negatively charged oxygen will act as a nucleophile, attacking the central carbon in DCC. DCC is temporarily attached to the former carboxylate group forming a highly electrophilic intermediate, making nucleophilic attack by the terminal amino group on the growing peptide more efficient.

Moffatt oxidation
In combination with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DCC affects the Pfitzner-Moffatt oxidation. This procedure is used for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. Unlike metal-mediated oxidations, such as the Jones oxidation, the reaction conditions are sufficiently mild to avoid over-oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Generally, three equivalents of DCC and 0.5 equivalents of proton source in DMSO are allowed to react overnight at room temperature. The reaction is quenched with acid.

Other reactions

 * Reaction of an acid with hydrogen peroxide in presence of DCC leads to formation of peroxide linkage.
 * Alcohols can also be dehydrated using DCC. This reaction proceeds by first giving the O-acylurea intermediate which is then hydrogenolyzed to produce the corresponding alkene:
 * RCHOHCH2R′ + (C6H11N)2C → RCH=CHR′ + (C6H11NH)2CO

 * Secondary alcohols can be stereochemically inverted by formation of a formyl ester followed by saponification. The secondary alcohol is mixed directly with DCC, formic acid, and a strong base such as sodium methoxide.
 * In the presence of DMAP, DCC self-condenses two molecules of phenylacetic acid and its substituted derivatives to produce a bisbenzyl ketone.

Biological action
DCC is a classical inhibitor of ATP synthase. DCC inhibits ATP synthase by binding to one of the c subunits and causing steric hindrance of the rotation of the FO subunit.

Safety
DCC often causes rashes. In vivo dermal sensitization studies according to OECD 429 confirmed DCC is a strong skin sensitizer, showing a response at 0.03 wt% in the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) placing it in Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) Dermal Sensitization Category 1A. Thermal hazard analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows DCC poses minimal explosion risks.

title: N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide


text:
Bumba, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Bumba is a town and river port in Mongala Province, in the northern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo, lying on the River Congo. It is the administrative center of Bumba Territory. As of 2009 it had an estimated population of 107,626. The town has neither electricity nor running water.

Transport
The narrow gauge Vicicongo line from Bumba to Isiro as of 2007 is not operational (see Transport in DR Congo). The town is served by Bumba Airport. The Congo River serves as the main transportation artery.

Notable People

 * Marcel Lihau

title: Bumba, Democratic Republic of the Congo


text:
Sony Ericsson K750

The Sony Ericsson K750, introduced in June 2005, is a high-end mobile phone, the successor to the now discontinued K700, and which was succeeded by the K800i in Q2 2006.

Before official release, K750 was known by its codename Clara.

There also was a T-Mobile exclusive version called D750i. Its hardware was similar to the K750i had T-Mobile branding with a light blue/white body and looked very similar to the Sony Ericsson W800.

Design
The K750i is a candybar style phone that weighs 99 grams (3.5 ounces), with its buttons that can be used with any finger. It has the 'dual-front' design common to most Sony Ericsson mobile phones since the T610, with the back of the mobile phone designed like a digital camera and intended to be held sideways to take photographs. The K750i is available in four colours, Blue, Oxidized Black, metallic red and Blasted Silver (the latter of which is exclusive to Vodafone in the United Kingdom) with a red version later released. The central joystick button is used for selecting options and navigating menus, with the "C" button as an 'undo' or 'delete' button, and the arrow-labelled button as a 'return' or 'back' button. The two buttons labelled by white horizontal lines, known as 'hotkeys' or 'soft keys' perform the function of making binary decisions, labelled on the phone's display. The button in between of these 'soft keys' acts as a shortcut key, which brings up a user-customisable shortcut menu when pressed. The on/off button is located on the top of the phone next to the IrDA port.

There is one side key on the left of the phone; when pressed in standby mode, it opens either the RDS FM radio or the Media Player as selected by the user, allowing playback of WAV/MP3/AAC audio files, and 3GP/MPEG-4 video files. A press of this button in media player mode plays or pauses the selected media. The RDS FM radio has 20 user-configurable presets. The phone also features Sony's Mega Bass technology.

The left-hand side of the phone also houses the Memory Stick PRO Duo slot for external solid state memory, which is protected by a flexible rubber cover.

On the right-hand side of the phone there are three keys - two for controlling volume, skipping through tracks in the Media Player and zooming in and out when in camera mode. If the button is pressed when the headset isn't attached the phone displays a phone status screen showing profile, memory usage, battery level, and, on some mobile networks, phone number. The included handsfree headset is also required to listen to the radio since it functions as the antenna.

Specification
Screen
 * 176x220 pixels
 * 262,144 colour TFT-LCD

Memory
 * 64 MB Sony Memory Stick PRO Duo included
 * Phone memory 38 MB (Actual free memory may vary due to phone pre-configuration)
 * Memory Stick PRO Duo support (up to 2 GB)

Networks
 * GSM 900
 * GSM 1800
 * GSM 1900

Available colors
 * Black
 * Silver

Sizes
 * 100 x 46 x 20.5 mm (3.9 x 1.8 x 0.8 inches)

Weight
 * 99 g
 * 3.5 oz

Battery
 * Sony Standard Battery BST-37

Camera
 * 2 Megapixels
 * AF 4.8 mm 1:2.8

MP3 & connectivity
The phone has good all-round support for many versions of the MP3 file format, however support for WAV encoded files is not as extensive.

AAC support is good, and the phone can only properly handle LC AAC. HE-AAC (a.k.a. AAC+, a.k.a. eAAC) will play since HE-AAC is designed to be backwards compatible, however the SBR component will be ignored. The same is true with HE-AAC v2 (a.k.a. eAAC+), only the normal LC component of the file will be played. The SBR and parametric stereo (introduced with HE-AAC v2) is ignored. Since HE-AAC v2 encodes the sound as a mono-aural track and the stereo separation is recreated through the PS data, HE-AAC v2 files played on a K750 actually play back in mono.

The phone can also be used as a modem via Bluetooth, Infrared or USB. According to the Sony Ericsson website, the K750 has a talk time battery life of 9 hours and a standby time battery life of 600 hours.

Modding
Since K750i and W800i have essentially the same hardware specifications, soft modifications are available to convert a K750i to a W800i by using flashing software and W800i firmware.

A flashed K750i can also use the flight mode option, allowing the phone to work only as a media player while other functions are restricted. The Activity Menu will not be present when in flight mode - instead the Walkman player appears when it is pressed.

List of firmware release (earliest to latest)

 * R1A044
 * R1C004 (Vodafone specific)
 * R1J002
 * R1L002
 * R1N035
 * R1AA008
 * R1BA013
 * R1BC002
 * R1CA021
 * R1DB001

Additionally the K750 shares its hardware with the lesser known D750, which has the interface of the K750, yet has a chassis similar to that of the W800.

title: Sony Ericsson K750


text:
HMS Forth (A187)

HMS Forth, pennant number F04 later A187, was a submarine depot ship.

Forth was completed in 1939. She served at bases in Scotland including Holy Loch on the Firth of Clyde and at Halifax in Canada during the Second World War.

During the war Forth was adopted by Stirlingshire as part of Warship Week. The plaque from this adoption is held by the National Museum of the Royal Navy in Portsmouth.

During her stay in Malta in the 1950s she was moored on the east side of Msida creek. In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. She left Malta in 1960.

She was modified to support the Royal Navy's nuclear-powered submarines at H.M.Dockyard Chatham between 1962 and 1966.

She arrived in Singapore in mid-1966 to relieve HMS Medway (former landing craft tank HMS LCT 1109) as depot ship of the 7th Submarine Squadron. She left Singapore to return to the United Kingdom on 31 March 1971.

In 1968, HMS Forth transported the first hovercraft (a small two or three seater) to Australia.

title: HMS Forth (A187)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Poland/PLCOTW

The Polish Collaboration of the Week is chosen each third week or month.

This is a specific Poland-related topic that could be greatly improved. The aim is to have a featured-standard article by the end of the week or month from widespread cooperative editing.

 * Previous winners can be found at /History.
 * Previous nominations can be found at /Removed

Voting
If you support an article please vote, by clicking on edit by the article's title, and add a new line with the text # ~. This will add your username and the time you signed automatically. Please add comments if you wish.

 * Please only add support votes - opposing votes will not affect the result as the choice is done by approval voting (the most votes, wins).
 * Please vote for as many candidates as you like.
 * Only registered users may vote.
 * Being a resident or from Poland is not a requirement to vote!

Making Nominations
If the page you wish to nominate already exists, in addition to the above steps please add the text  at the top of the article's talk page.

Considerations

 * Please only nominated Poland-related articles which do not exist or are stubs (or are not stubs; but very short articles).
 * Giving reasons to why an article should be chosen will aid others in supporting.

Polish people
Support: Comments:
 * 1) Falphin 22:39, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Stasiu 00:26, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Halibutt 14:11, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Currently a redirect, on the UKCOTW Welsh people and eventually Cornish people will be their collaboration, I believe the same should be done here Falphin 22:39, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * OTOH, is there much to add? Halibutt

Polonia
Support:
 * 1) Falphin 22:24, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Stasiu 00:26, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Comments:
 * ITs currently on request for expansion. Falphin 22:24, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Culture of Poland
Support: Comments:
 * 1) Falphin 19:20, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) --Witkacy 22:01, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Stasiu 00:26, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Iloveayu 20:15, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) ish_warsaw 11:58, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Its not technically a stub but is just a big history article nothing about contempoary Polish culture. Falphin 19:20, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Poland/PLCOTW


text:
User:Ineedbettername

Move along, nothing to see here.

title: User:Ineedbettername


text: User talk:212.69.45.21

title: User talk:212.69.45.21


text:
Badger, California

Badger is an unincorporated community located in Tulare County in California at an elevation of 3,038 feet. It has a population of 140. The zip code is 93603 and the area code 559. It is normally reached by California State Route 245.

It is in the Cutler-Orosi Unified School District; High-school-aged students who live in Badger must ride a bus for about 23 mi to attend school.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Badger is the 12th Senate District, represented by Republican Shannon Grove and in the 32nd Assembly District, represented by Republican Vince Fong.

In the United States House of Representatives, Badger is in California's vacant 20th Congressional District, previously represented by the former Republican Speaker of the House, Kevin McCarthy. McCarthy resigned from Congress after his removal as Speaker of the House on October 3rd, 2023.

Popular culture
Badger was featured in an early 1970s McDonald's commercial in which it is claimed that a Visalia McDonald's served the entire population of the town for US$12.61. The population was 15 at the time of filming this commercial.

History
In the 1970s and the 1980s, the controversial organization Synanon operated a residential compound on nearby Dry Creek Road. Badger was in the national news in October 1978 when the Los Angeles Police Department served a search warrant at this site in connection with a deliberate rattlesnake attack on attorney Paul Morantz who was critical of the organization. An African-American Muslim community named Baladullah occupied the former Synanon site from 1989 through 2002. In 2020, the local newspaper reported that the former compound of the cult will become vacation rentals.

title: Badger, California