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IS Halmia

IS Halmia is a football club, located in Halmstad, Sweden.

Background
IS Halmia was founded on 16 June 16, 1907 and currently plays in Division 2 Västra Götaland. The club originally ran soccer, track and field athletics, gymnastics and amateur wrestling.

In early years, the club also played bandy. The first ever bandy game between two organised teams in Halland, is thought to have been played between Halmia and local rival Halmstads BK in 1922. In 1932 Halmia won the Halland district championship in this sport. In 1933, the handball team won the Halland district championship.

In 1932 the club also became the first team from Halmstad to reach the Allsvenskan, the top-tier football league in Sweden.

In total IS Halmia has played 11 seasons in the Allsvenskan, the last time being in 1979. The club's best spell was from 1944 until 1950 when they spent seven seasons at the top level. They have also enjoyed 44 seasons playing second tier Swedish football. However they have been less successful in recent years.

The club shares Örjans vall with, its rival of many years, Halmstads BK. They still hold the record attendance of 20,381 spectators for a promotion playoff match in 1962. IS Halmia are affiliated to the Hallands Fotbollförbund.

Key dates in the history of IS Halmia are as follows;

 * 1907: The club was formed on 16 June 1907 with Axel Hagnell as chairman. The programme included football, athletics, gymnastics and wrestling.
 * 1909: Lost 0–11 to Helsingborgs IF, a record defeat that still stands.
 * 1912: Became Halmia Halland champions for the first time by defeating Halmstad IF 5–3 in the final.
 * 1924: Played in Division 2 Sydsvenskan for the first time and finished fifth.
 * 1925: Lost to IFK Uddevalla in the promotion playoffs after winning Division 2 Sydsvenskan.
 * 1932: Played in the Allsvenskan for the first time. Herbert Samuelsson signs from IFK Göteborg.
 * 1934: Relegated from the Allsvenskan.
 * 1940: After winning the Division 2 Södra title failed in the promotion playoff against Degerfors IF.
 * 1943: Regained place in the Allsvenskan after winning the Division 2 Södra title and the promotion playoff against Örgryte IS.
 * 1944: Finished seventh in the Allsvenskan – a feat that was to be repeated in 1947 and 1948.
 * 1950: Relegated from the Allsvenskan but went to the semifinals of the Swedish Cup.
 * 1962: Winners of Division 2 Västra Götaland and won the promotion playoff group comprising AIK, Landskrona BOIS and IFK Holmsund.
 * 1963: Disastrous season back in the Allsvenskan winning only one game.
 * 1970: The club started running ladies teams.
 * 1974: Frank Marshall was recruited as club coach with a promise that Allsvenskan football would be achieved within 5 years – a promise that he accomplished.
 * 1978: The club win Division 2 Södra and are promoted to the Allsvenskan.
 * 1979: Finished bottom of the Allsvenskan winning just two games.
 * 1989: Relegated to Division 3 Sydvästra Götaland bringing tier 4 football to Örjans vall for the first time. The league proved to be a real hornet's nest with many excellent Halland teams.
 * 1991: A grim year for men's football with demotion to Division 4 Halland representing tier 5 football just 12 years after playing in the top tier. A missed penalty in the season's final match against Gislaved IS proved crucial.
 * 1992: The club win Division 4 Halland.
 * 1993: Another promotion with the club winning the Division 3 Sydvästra Götaland title.
 * 1997: Winners of Division 2 Södra Götaland and won the promotion playoffs against Trollhättans FK and Nybro IF.IS Halmia HBK Friendly 2011.jpg in a pre-season Friendly 2011.]]
 * 1998: Finishing last in Division 1 Södra proves a bitter disappointment.
 * 1999: Another relegation this time from Division 2 Södra Götaland.
 * 2000: The club face life in Division 3 Sydvästra Götaland with bankruptcy and the loss of coach Bjorn Andersson to Bayern Munich.
 * 2006: The club stabilises and the finances are under control but on the playing front following league re-structuring the first team are again playing tier 5 football.
 * 2008: Winners of Division 3 Sydvästra Götaland and are promoted.
 * 2012: Winners of Division 2 Södra Götaland.
 * 2015: Relegated from Division 1 Södra.
 * 2018: Finished runners-up in Division 2 Västra Götaland and therefore entered the promotion playoffs.
 * 2020: Relegated from Division 2 Västra Götaland.

Attendances
In recent seasons IS Halmia have had the following average attendances:

title: IS Halmia


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Hoola Bandoola Band

The Hoola Bandoola Band was a Swedish progg group from the 1970s whose political views leaned towards the left. Leading members included Mikael Wiehe and Björn Afzelius.

The Hoola Bandoola Band is also mentioned in Lynne Truss' book Going Loco, published in 1999.

History
Hoola Bandoola Band, along with Nationalteatern, was the biggest band of the Swedish progg movement. Whereas Nationalteatern put socially realistic lyrics to rock melodies, Hoola Bandoola had more politically charged lyrics and diverged further from traditional rock.

The name is most likely inspired by the fictional language spoken by ants in the Donald Duck cartoon "Tea for Two Hundred".

The band was formed in 1970. In 1971 they had their first radio hit and were immediately contacted by two record companies, one commercial and the alternative MNW. In the political climate of the 1970s, the choice of a company was crucial, and by choosing an alternative company, Hoola Bandoola came to be the most well known band on the alternative side in Sweden.

Their debut in 1971, Garanterat individuell (Guaranteed Individual), was hailed as the start of a new era for Swedish pop and was voted album of the year. This first album was not very political, but on the second album Vem kan man lita på? (Whom can one trust?), released the next year, the socialist message was much more pronounced. It included hits such as "Keops pyramid".

With På Väg (On the Way), recorded with a balalaika orchestra, Hoola Bandoola became one of the best-selling groups in Sweden. In 1975 they released a fourth album Fri information (Free Information), where the socialist message was more outspoken than ever before. With this album, Afzelius wrote half of the songs (Wiehe wrote most songs in previous albums).

In 1975, the alternative movement gathered in opposition to a tennis match played between Sweden and Chile, which at the time was under the military dictatorship of Pinochet. For that event, Hoola Bandoola released "Stoppa matchen" (Stop the Match) as a single. This was their last studio recording. In 1976, the band broke up and Wiehe and Afzelius started very successful careers as singer/songwriters, both together and by themselves.

After 20 years' absence, Hoola Bandoola reunited in 1996, playing warmup for Bob Dylan and going on their own nationwide tour playing over 50 shows with a total of over 200,000 people attending the tour. Recordings from this tour were released in 1999 after the death of Björn Afzelius on the album För dom som kommer sen (For Those Who Come Later). Each year on the anniversary of Afzelius' death, an award is given out to a person who has "done work in the spirit of Björn Afzelius".

In August 2011 the band played at the Malmö festival, promoting their new double CD.

Discography

 * 1971: Hoola Bandolla Export
 * 1971: Garanterat individuell
 * 1972: Vem kan man lita på?
 * 1973: På väg
 * 1975: Stoppa matchen
 * 1975: Fri information
 * 1996: Country Pleasures
 * Collections
 * 1996: Ingenting förändras av sig själv - 5 cd box
 * 1987: Hoola Bandoola Band 1971 - 1976
 * 2011: Hoola Bandoola Band 1971 - 2011
 * Live
 * 1999: ...För dom som kommer sen - live

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hoola Bandoola Band


text:
Talk:Judaizing teachers

This article has a modern Christian bias.

For example, the "Judaizing teachers" included Peter the Apostle and most likely the entire Church of Jerusalem led by James the Just. Paul of Tarsus seems to be at odds with this group. This group didn't think Christians had to convert to Judaism, whatever that term means in the context of the first century, they felt that Christians should live the life of Jesus and Jesus observed the Sabbath and Quartodeciman and probably the food laws and circumcision.

This claim: "Paul stated that the death of Christ had essentially brought a conclusion to the Law of Moses by its finally having been completely fulfilled once and for all." can not be supported by the evidence, for example Paul does many things that are of the Law of Moses, which would be hypocritical if he actually believed its usefulness had passed. The notion of the Law of Moses being fulfilled is Dispensationalism and if you really think about it is rediculous. Paul of Tarsus and the Jerusalem church continued to be Torah-observant even after Jesus' death. Yes, there was dispute between the two groups (which would be more knowledgeable of the teachings of Jesus?) but the actions of Paul show he did not think the Torah had been eliminated. Part of being Torah-observant is the Ten Commandments and part of the Ten Commandments is the teaching not to murder. So, if Jesus' death did away with the Torah (see also Marcionism) are we to believe that it's now ok to murder? Also the Council of Jerusalem determined that the Noahide Laws were sufficient for new gentile converts - the Noahide Laws are part of the Torah - clearly the Torah had not been eliminated. In addition, clearly *all* prophecy has not come to pass, for example, restoration of the Davidic kingdom, lions lie down with lambs, swords into plowshares, etc. and there are numerous Bible verses that state the Torah is perpetual, not subject to nullification.

Examples of Paul the Torah observant Jew:

Acts 15: Paul accepts that a subset (the Noahide Laws) of the Torah applies to new Gentile converts.

Acts 16: Paul *personally* circumcises Timothy even though his father is Greek because his mother is of the Jewish faith.

Acts 21: James confronts Paul about rumors he is teaching rebellion against the Law of Moses, Paul goes to the Jerusalem Temple to prove that he in fact keeps and walks in the ways of the Law of Moses, though when he is spotted by people from his own area (Asia Minor) a major riot breaks out.

title: Talk:Judaizing teachers


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Granite Canal Hydroelectric Generating Station

The Granite Canal Hydroelectric Generating Station is a component of the Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro Corporation's Bay d’Espoir Hydro Electric Development system. The generating station has a rated capacity of 40 MW with an annual average energy production of 224 gigawatt hours (GWh). The generating unit at Granite Canal utilizes approximately 37 metres of head with a rated plant flow of 122.4 cubic metres per second. The unit is equipped with a Kaplan turbine and was first synchronized on May 26, 2003.

A fish habitat compensation system was included in this development to ensure any aquatic habitat loss was avoided, reduced or replaced. A Fish Habitat Compensation Agreement was signed with Fisheries and Oceans Canada to ensure proper construction, utilization and long term viability of the facility.


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Dressmaker

A dressmaker, also known as a seamstress, is a person who makes clothing for women, such as dresses, blouses, and evening gowns. Dressmakers were historically known as mantua-makers, and are also known as a modiste or fabrician.

Notable dressmakers

 * Cristóbal Balenciaga
 * Pierre Balmain
 * Coco Chanel
 * Christian Dior
 * David Emanuel
 * Norman Hartnell, royal dressmaker
 * Elizabeth Keckley, modiste and confidante to Mary Todd Lincoln
 * Jean Muir, fashion designer
 * Madame Palmyre, a favorite designer and dressmaker of the empress of France
 * Anna and Laura Tirocchi, Providence, Rhode Island
 * Isabel Toledo
 * Madeleine Vionnet
 * R'Bonney Gabriel, fashion designer and beauty queen of Miss Universe 2022
 * Mak Tumang, fashion designer
 * Michael Cinco, fashion designer
 * Janet Walker, costumier and dress-making-bust inventor
 * Charles Frederick Worth

Related terms

 * "Dressmaker" denotes clothing made in the style of a dressmaker, frequently in the term "dressmaker details", which includes ruffles, frills, ribbon or braid trim. "Dressmaker" in this sense is contrasted to "tailored" and has fallen out of use since the rise of casual wear in the mid-20th century.
 * Mantua-maker, in the 18th century a maker of mantuas, or in general a dressmaker.
 * Modiste, a maker of fashionable clothing and accessories, with the implication that the articles made reflect the current Paris fashions.
 * Fabrician, a person who is considered an expert in making modifications and alterations to fabrics and other articles of clothing.
 * Sewing professional is the most general term for those who make their living by sewing, teaching, writing about sewing, or retailing sewing supplies. A sewing professional may work out of the home, a studio, or a retail shop and work part-time or full-time. This work may include any or all of the following sub-specialties:
 * A custom clothier makes custom garments one at a time, to order, to meet an individual customer's needs and preferences.
 * A custom dressmaker specializes in women's custom apparel, including day dresses, career wear, suits, evening or bridal wear, sportswear, or lingerie.
 * A tailor/tailoress makes custom menswear-style jackets and the skirts or trousers that go with them for men or women.
 * An alterations specialist or alterationist adjusts the fit of completed garments, usually ready-to-wear, or restyles them. Note that while all tailors can do alterations, by no means can all alterationists do tailoring.
 * Designers choose combinations of line, proportion, color, and texture for intended garments. They may have no sewing or patternmaking skills and only sketch or conceptualize garments.
 * Patternmakers flat draft the shapes and sizes of numerous pieces of a garment by hand using paper and measuring tools, computer using CAD software, or by draping muslin on a dress form.
 * A wardrobe consultant or fashion advisor recommends styles and colors for a client.
 * A seamstress is a woman who sews, especially one who earns a living by sewing. Before the Industrial Revolution, a seamstress did hand sewing, especially under the putting-out system. Older variants are seamster and sempstress.
 * A costume designer is a person who designs costumes for a film, stage production, or television show.

title: Dressmaker


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2004 Australian Open

The 2004 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 19 January to 1 February 2004.

Andre Agassi was unsuccessful in defending his 2003 title, being defeated in the semi-finals by Marat Safin. This ended a 26-match winning streak for Agassi at the Australian Open, having previously won in 2000, 2001 and 2003, missing 2002 through injury. Roger Federer won his first Australian Open title, defeating Safin in the final. Serena Williams was unable to defend her 2003 title after withdrawing from the tournament due to a left knee injury. Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated compatriot and rival Kim Clijsters in the final to win her only Australian Open title.

Men's singles
Roger Federer defeated 🇷🇺 Marat Safin, 7–6(7–3), 6–4, 6–2
 * It was Federer's 1st title of the year, and his 12th overall. It was his 2nd career Grand Slam title, and his 1st Australian Open title.

Women's singles
🇧🇪 Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated 🇧🇪 Kim Clijsters, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3
 * It was Henin-Hardenne's 2nd title of the year, and her 16th overall. It was her 3rd career Grand Slam title, and her 1st Australian Open title.

Men's doubles
🇫🇷 Michaël Llodra / 🇫🇷 Fabrice Santoro defeated 🇺🇸 Bob Bryan / 🇺🇸 Mike Bryan, 7–6(7–4), 6–3
 * It was Llodra's 2nd career Grand Slam doubles title and his 2nd (consecutive) at the Australian Open.
 * It was Santoro's 2nd career Grand Slam doubles title and his 2nd (consecutive) at the Australian Open.

Women's doubles
🇪🇸 Virginia Ruano / 🇦🇷 Paola Suárez defeated 🇷🇺 Svetlana Kuznetsova / 🇷🇺 Elena Likhovtseva, 6–4, 6–3

Mixed doubles
🇷🇺 Elena Bovina / Nenad Zimonjić defeated 🇺🇸 Martina Navratilova / 🇮🇳 Leander Paes, 6–1, 7–6(7–3)
 * It was Bovina's 1st career Grand Slam mixed doubles title.
 * It was Zimonjić's 1st career Grand Slam mixed doubles title.

Boys' singles
🇫🇷 Gaël Monfils defeated 🇫🇷 Josselin Ouanna, 6–0, 6–3

Girls' singles
🇮🇱 Shahar Pe'er defeated 🇨🇿 Nicole Vaidišová, 6–1, 6–4

Boys' doubles
🇺🇸 Scott Oudsema / 🇺🇸 Brendan Evans defeated 🇦🇺 David Galić / 🇦🇺 David Jeflea, 6–1, 6–1

Girls' doubles
Chan Yung-jan / 🇨🇳 Sun Shengnan defeated 🇨🇿 Veronika Chvojková / 🇨🇿 Nicole Vaidišová, 7–5, 6–3

Men's singles
🇦🇺 David Hall defeated Robin Ammerlaan, 6–4, 7–5

Women's singles
Esther Vergeer defeated 🇦🇺 Daniela Di Toro, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1

Men's doubles
Robin Ammerlaan / 🇦🇹 Martin Legner defeated 🇵🇱 Tadeusz Kruszelnicki / 🇯🇵 Satoshi Saida, 6–3, 6–3

Women's doubles
Maaike Smit / Esther Vergeer defeated  Sonja Peters /  Sharon Walraven, 6–3, 7–6(3)

title: 2004 Australian Open


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Weinberg angle

The weak mixing angle or Weinberg angle is a parameter in the Weinberg–Salam theory of the electroweak interaction, part of the Standard Model of particle physics, and is usually denoted as $θ$$W$. It is the angle by which spontaneous symmetry breaking rotates the original and  vector boson plane, producing as a result the  boson, and the photon. Its measured value is slightly below 30°, but also varies, very slightly increasing, depending on how high the relative momentum of the particles involved in the interaction is that the angle is used for.

Details
The algebraic formula for the combination of the and  vector bosons (i.e. 'mixing') that simultaneously produces the massive boson and the massless photon  is expressed by the formula
 * $$ \begin{pmatrix}

\gamma~ \\ \textsf{Z}^0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \quad \cos \theta_\textsf{w} & \sin \theta_\textsf{w} \\ -\sin \theta_\textsf{w} & \cos \theta_\textsf{w} \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \textsf{B}^0 \\ \textsf{W}^0 \end{pmatrix} .$$

The weak mixing angle also gives the relationship between the masses of the W and Z bosons (denoted as $g$$W$ and $g'$$W$),
 * $$ m_\textsf{Z} = \frac{m_\textsf{W}}{\,\cos\theta_\textsf{w}} \,.$$

The angle can be expressed in terms of the $e = g sin θ$ and $T3$ couplings (weak isospin $Y$ and weak hypercharge $Q$, respectively),
 * $$\cos \theta_\textsf{w} = \frac{\quad g ~}{\ \sqrt{ g^2 + g'^{\ 2} ~}\ } \quad $$ and $$ \quad \sin \theta_\textsf{w} = \frac{\quad g' ~}{\ \sqrt{ g^2 + g'^{\ 2} ~}\ } ~.$$

The electric charge is then expressible in terms of it, $Q$$W$$∆Q$$W$ (refer to the figure).

Because the value of the mixing angle is currently determined empirically, in the absence of any superseding theoretical derivation it is mathematically defined as
 * $$\cos \theta_\textsf{w} = \frac{\ m_\textsf{W}\ }{ m_\textsf{Z} } ~.$$

The value of $∆q$$Z$ varies as a function of the momentum transfer, $θ$, at which it is measured. This variation, or 'running', is a key prediction of the electroweak theory. The most precise measurements have been carried out in electron–positron collider experiments at a value of $m$ = 91.2 GeV/c, corresponding to the mass of the boson, $m$$w$.

In practice, the quantity $SU(2)L$$w$ is more frequently used. The 2004 best estimate of $U(1)Y$$w$, at $g$ = 91.2 GeV/c, in the $Z$ scheme is $w$, which is an average over measurements made in different processes, at different detectors. Atomic parity violation experiments yield values for $g'$$w$ at smaller values of $e = g sin θ$, below 0.01 GeV/c, but with much lower precision. In 2005 results were published from a study of parity violation in Møller scattering in which a value of $= g' cos θ$$\overline{MS}$ = $0.231$ was obtained at $θ$ = 0.16 GeV/c, establishing experimentally the so-called 'running' of the weak mixing angle. These values correspond to a Weinberg angle varying between 28.7° and 29.3° ≈ 30°. LHCb measured in 7 and 8 TeV proton–proton collisions an effective angle of $∆q$$w$ = 0.23142, though the value of $∆q$ for this measurement is determined by the partonic collision energy, which is close to the Z boson mass.

CODATA 2022 gives the value
 * $$\sin^2 \theta _\textsf{w} = 1 - \left( \frac{\ m_\textsf{W}\ }{ m_\textsf{Z} }\right)^2 = 0.22305(23) ~.$$

The massless photon ($m$) couples to the unbroken electric charge, $sin2 θ$$w$, while the  boson couples to the broken charge $sin2 θ$$0.24$.

title: Weinberg angle


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Abies magnifica

Abies magnifica, the red fir or silvertip fir, is a western North American fir, native to the mountains of southwest Oregon and California in the United States. It is a high-elevation tree, typically occurring at 1400 - 2700 m elevation, though only rarely reaching tree line. The name red fir derives from the bark color of old trees.

Description
Abies magnifica is a large evergreen tree typically up to 40 - 60 m tall and 2 m trunk diameter, rarely to 76.5 m tall and 3 m diameter, with a narrow conic crown. The bark on young trees is smooth, grey, and has resin blisters, becoming orange-red, rough and fissured on old trees. The leaves are needle-like, 2–3.5 cm long, glaucous blue-green above and below with strong stomatal bands, and an acute tip. They are arranged spirally on the shoot, but twisted slightly S-shaped to be upcurved above the shoot.

The cones are erect, 9–21 cm long, yellow-green (occasionally purple), ripening brown and disintegrating to release the winged seeds in fall.

Varieties
There are two, perhaps three varieties:
 * Abies magnifica var. magnifica, red fir – cones 14–21 cm long, bract scales short, not visible on the closed cones. Most of the species' range, primarily in the Sierra Nevada.
 * Abies magnifica var. shastensis, Shasta red fir – cones 14–21 cm long, bract scales longer, visible on the closed cone; bark 10-15 cm thick. The northwest of the species' range, in southwest Oregon and Shasta, Siskiyou and Trinity Counties in northwest California.
 * A. magnifica on the eastern slopes of southern Sierra Nevada – possibly a third variety, have not been formally named, also having long bracts, and additionally have smaller cones, 9–15 cm long.

Related
Red fir is very closely related to Abies procera (noble fir), which replaces it further north in the Cascade Range. They are best distinguished by the leaves; noble fir leaves have a groove along the midrib on the upper side, while red fir does not show this. Red fir also tends to have the leaves less closely packed, with the shoot bark visible between the leaves, whereas the shoot is largely hidden in noble fir. Shasta red fir hybridizes with noble fir, with which it is both chemically and microscopically similar; some botanists treat the former as a natural hybrid between red and noble fir.

First recording
This tree was first recorded by William Lobb on his expedition to California of 1849–1853, having been overlooked previously by David Douglas.

Uses
The wood is used for general structural purposes and paper manufacture. It is also a popular Christmas tree.

Paiute peoples used the foliage of Shasta red fir (or perhaps noble fir) to treat coughs and colds.

title: Abies magnifica


text: User talk:80.77.84.108

title: User talk:80.77.84.108


text: User talk:68.9.138.209

title: User talk:68.9.138.209


text:
Talk:Audrey C. Delsanti

Wrong spelling of astronomer's name
This is Audrey Delsanti (not Dalsanti)

Proposed deletion
True, she is a minor astronomer, but I would still hate to lose the information. Probably the best solution would be to create a master article dealing with minor asteroid discoverers (say, "List of minor asteroid discoverers"), and merge this stub into it. What do you say? Urhixidur (talk) 04:00, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * That seems like a reasonable solution. I've removed the prod. Scog (talk) 20:47, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:48, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Audrey C. Delsanti


text:
Cypros

Cypros may refer to:

 * Cypros, a Nabataean noblewoman, wife of Antipater the Idumaean (c. 113 BCE – 43 BCE)
 * Cypros (wife of Herod Agrippa), queen consort of Judea, wife of Herod Agrippa (c. 11 BC – c. AD 44)

title: Cypros


text:
30-day yield

In the United States, 30-day yield is a standardized yield calculation for bond funds. The formula for calculating 30-day yield is specified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The formula translates the bond fund's current portfolio income into a standardized yield for reporting and comparison purposes. A bond fund's 30-day yield may appear in the fund's "Statement of Additional Information (SAI)" in its prospectus.

Because the 30-day yield is a standardized mandatory calculation for all United States bond funds, it serves as a common ground comparison of yield performance. Its weakness lies in the fact that funds tend to trade actively and do not hold bonds until maturity. In addition, funds do not mature. For this reason, analysts often consider a distribution yield to be a better measure of a fund's income-generating potential.

United States money market funds report a 7-day SEC yield. The rate expresses how much the fund would yield if it paid income at the same level as it did in the prior 7 days for a whole year. It is calculated by taking the sum of the income paid out over the period divided by 7, and multiplying that quantity by 36500 (365 days x 100).

Bond fund yield calculation
The SEC yield calculation for a bond fund is essentially an annualized version of the ratio of interest and dividends per share (or yield to maturity for fixed income funds) earned over the last month, factoring in the impact of shareholder expenses. It is an adjusted version of yield to maturity for the bonds in the portfolio, as it does take into account the amortization of the premiums or discounts at which the bonds are trading. Because bond funds trade actively and prices fluctuate, the rate may not be a good indicator of future results. However, because the calculation is standardized, it provides a standard comparison measure for funds. An appropriate use is to make daily/weekly adjustments to a bond mutual fund price series to determine running total return.

The formula for SEC 30-day yield is $$\mathrm{Yield} = 2 \left[ \left(\frac{a-b}{cd}+1\right)^6-1\right].$$

Where:
 * a = dividends and interest collected during the past 30 days
 * b = accrued expenses of the past 30 days
 * c = average daily number of outstanding shares that were entitled to distributions
 * d = the maximum public offering price per share on the last day of the period

title: 30-day yield


text: User talk:69.115.105.101

title: User talk:69.115.105.101


text: User talk:63.238.18.169

title: User talk:63.238.18.169


text:
Category:Third-generation video game consoles

 * Third generation of video game consoles — 8-bit era and, generally introduced from 1983 to 2003.


text:
Attrition (website)

Attrition is an information security-related website, created in October, 1998, which used to be updated at least weekly by an all-volunteer staff. Until 21 May 2001, Attrition maintained the largest mirror of defaced (or cracked) websites available on the World Wide Web. The defacement mirror has since ceased updating. The site contains a variety of information, including movie and music reviews, poetry, and security tips covering topics like forensics, data theft, and security advisories.

In 2001, attrition.org was given a cease and desist order by lawyers of MasterCard for posting parodies of its "Priceless" advertising campaign, which they claim violated copyright law. An argument between attrition.org and MasterCard ensued, resulting in their communications and one final "Priceless" parody being posted online.

In 2006, Republican communications aide Todd Shriber attempted to hire Attrition to crack his former university's website. Shriber was then sacked from his job for attempting to solicit a hacker to inflate his GPA.

Attrition formerly hosted several electronic mailing lists relating to information security, such as InfoSec News. It also maintained the Data Loss Database, which recorded company experienced data breaches.

title: Attrition (website)


text: User talk:84.228.16.96

title: User talk:84.228.16.96


text:
2004 Wimbledon Championships

The 2004 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London in the United Kingdom. It was the 118th edition of the Wimbledon Championships and were held from 21 June to 4 July 2004. It was the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

Roger Federer was successful in his title defence, defeating Andy Roddick in the final to win his second Wimbledon title. Two-time defending champion Serena Williams was unsuccessful in her title defence, being upset in the final by then little-known 17-year-old Russian Maria Sharapova; Sharapova became the first Russian player, male or female, to win Wimbledon, the second-youngest player to win Wimbledon in the Modern Era and third-youngest overall.

In the juniors, Gaël Monfils won his third consecutive Grand Slam title in the boys' competition, and Kateryna Bondarenko won the girls' title.

Point distribution
Below are the tables with the point distribution for each discipline of the tournament.

Prize distribution
The total prize money for 2004 championships was £9,707,280. The winner of the men's title earned £602,500 while the women's singles champion earned £560,500.

 * per team

Men's singles
Roger Federer defeated 🇺🇸 Andy Roddick, 4–6, 7–5, 7–6(7–3), 6–4
 * It was Federer's sixth title of the year, and his 17th overall. It was his third career Grand Slam title, and his 2nd at Wimbledon.

Women's singles
🇷🇺 Maria Sharapova defeated 🇺🇸 Serena Williams, 6–1, 6–4
 * It was Sharapova's second title of the year, and her fourth overall. It was her first career Grand Slam title.

Men's doubles
🇸🇪 Jonas Björkman / 🇦🇺 Todd Woodbridge defeated 🇦🇹 Julian Knowle / Nenad Zimonjić, 6–1, 6–4, 4–6, 6–4

Women's doubles
Cara Black / 🇦🇺 Rennae Stubbs defeated Liezel Huber / 🇯🇵 Ai Sugiyama, 6–3, 7–6(7-5)

Mixed doubles
Wayne Black / Cara Black defeated 🇦🇺 Todd Woodbridge / 🇦🇺 Alicia Molik, 3–6, 7–6(10-8), 6–4

Boys' singles
🇫🇷 Gaël Monfils defeated 🇬🇧 Miles Kasiri, 7–5, 7–6(8-6)

Girls' singles
🇺🇦 Kateryna Bondarenko defeated Ana Ivanovic, 6–4, 6–7(2-7), 6–3

Boys' doubles
🇺🇸 Brendan Evans / 🇺🇸 Scott Oudsema defeated Robin Haase /  Viktor Troicki, 6–4, 6–4

Girls' doubles
🇧🇾 Victoria Azarenka / 🇧🇾 Olga Govortsova defeated 🇳🇿 Marina Erakovic / Monica Niculescu, 6–4, 3–6, 6–4

Men's singles

 * 1)  Roger Federer (champion)
 * 2) 🇺🇸 Andy Roddick (final, lost to Roger Federer)
 * 3) 🇦🇷 Guillermo Coria (second round, lost to Florian Mayer)
 * 4) 🇦🇷 David Nalbandian (withdrew)
 * 5) 🇬🇧 Tim Henman (quarterfinals, lost to Mario Ančić)
 * 6) 🇪🇸 Juan Carlos Ferrero (third round, lost to Robby Ginepri)
 * 7) 🇦🇺 Lleyton Hewitt (quarterfinals, lost to Roger Federer)
 * 8) 🇩🇪 Rainer Schüttler (third round, lost to Vince Spadea)
 * 9) 🇪🇸 Carlos Moyá (fourth round, lost to Lleyton Hewitt)
 * 10) 🇫🇷 Sébastien Grosjean (semifinals, lost to Roger Federer)
 * 11) 🇦🇺 Mark Philippoussis (fourth round, lost to Tim Henman)
 * 12)  Sjeng Schalken (quarterfinals, lost to Andy Roddick)
 * 13) 🇹🇭 Paradorn Srichaphan (first round, lost to Ivo Karlović)
 * 14) 🇺🇸 Mardy Fish (second round, lost to Joachim Johansson)
 * 15)  Nicolás Massú (first round, lost to Alexander Popp)
 * 16) 🇨🇿 Jiří Novák (first round, lost to Xavier Malisse)
 * 17) 🇸🇪 Jonas Björkman (third round, lost to Joachim Johansson)
 * 18) 🇪🇸 Feliciano López (third round, lost to Ivo Karlović)
 * 19) 🇷🇺 Marat Safin (first round, lost to Dmitry Tursunov)
 * 20) 🇪🇸 Tommy Robredo (second round, lost to Karol Beck)
 * 21) 🇦🇷 Juan Ignacio Chela (second round, lost to Thomas Enqvist)
 * 22)  Andrei Pavel (second round, lost to Kenneth Carlsen)
 * 23) 🇧🇾 Max Mirnyi (first round, lost to Jan-Michael Gambill)
 * 24)  Fernando González (third round, lost to Mark Philippoussis)
 * 25) 🇸🇰 Dominik Hrbatý (third round, lost to Mario Ančić)
 * 26) 🇺🇸 Taylor Dent (third round, lost to Andy Roddick)
 * 27) 🇺🇸 Robby Ginepri (fourth round, lost to Sébastien Grosjean)
 * 28)  Ivan Ljubičić (first round, lost to Wayne Ferreira)
 * 29) 🇩🇪 Nicolas Kiefer (first round, lost to Thomas Johansson)
 * 30) 🇺🇸 Vince Spadea (fourth round, lost to Sjeng Schalken)
 * 31) 🇷🇺 Mikhail Youzhny (first round, lost to Goran Ivanišević)
 * 32) 🇲🇦 Hicham Arazi (third round, lost to Tim Henman)
 * 33) 🇵🇪 Luis Horna (first round, lost to Mario Ančić)

Women's singles

 * 1) 🇺🇸 Serena Williams (final, lost to Maria Sharapova)
 * 2) 🇷🇺 Anastasia Myskina (third round, lost to Amy Frazier)
 * 3) 🇺🇸 Venus Williams (second round, lost to Karolina Šprem)
 * 4) 🇫🇷 Amélie Mauresmo (semifinals, lost to Serena Williams)
 * 5) 🇺🇸 Lindsay Davenport (semifinals, lost to Maria Sharapova)
 * 6) 🇷🇺 Elena Dementieva (first round, lost to Sandra Kleinová)
 * 7) 🇺🇸 Jennifer Capriati (quarterfinals, lost to Serena Williams)
 * 8) 🇷🇺 Svetlana Kuznetsova (first round, lost to Virginie Razzano)
 * 9) 🇦🇷 Paola Suárez (quarterfinals, lost to Amélie Mauresmo)
 * 10) 🇷🇺 Nadia Petrova (fourth round, lost to Jennifer Capriati)
 * 11) 🇯🇵 Ai Sugiyama (quarterfinals, lost to Maria Sharapova)
 * 12) 🇷🇺 Vera Zvonareva (fourth round, lost to Lindsay Davenport)
 * 13) 🇷🇺 Maria Sharapova (champion)
 * 14) 🇮🇹 Silvia Farina Elia (fourth round, lost to Amélie Mauresmo)
 * 15)  Patty Schnyder (second round, lost to Emmanuelle Gagliardi)
 * 16) 🇮🇱 Anna Smashnova-Pistolesi (first round, lost to Katarina Srebotnik)
 * 17) 🇺🇸 Chanda Rubin (first round, lost to Marion Bartoli)
 * 18) 🇮🇹 Francesca Schiavone (second round, lost to Tatiana Golovin)
 * 19) 🇨🇴 Fabiola Zuluaga (first round, lost to Anne Kremer)
 * 20) 🇷🇺 Elena Bovina (second round, lost to Daniela Hantuchová)
 * 21) 🇧🇬 Magdalena Maleeva (fourth round, lost to Karolina Šprem)
 * 22) 🇪🇸 Conchita Martínez (first round, lost to Milagros Sequera)
 * 23)  Jelena Dokić (first round, lost to Gisela Dulko)
 * 24) 🇫🇷 Mary Pierce (first round, lost to Virginia Ruano Pascual)
 * 25) 🇫🇷 Nathalie Dechy (third round, lost to Jennifer Capriati)
 * 26) 🇺🇸 Lisa Raymond (second round, lost to Ľudmila Cervanová)
 * 27) 🇦🇺 Alicia Molik (third round, lost to Tamarine Tanasugarn)
 * 28) 🇫🇷 Émilie Loit (first round, lost to Tatiana Panova)
 * 29) 🇷🇺 Dinara Safina (first round, lost to Arantxa Parra Santonja)
 * 30)  Eleni Daniilidou (first round, lost to Magüi Serna)
 * 31) 🇺🇸 Amy Frazier (fourth round, lost to Maria Sharapova)
 * 32) 🇺🇸 Meghann Shaughnessy (third round, lost to Karolina Šprem)

Main draw wild card entries
The following players received wild cards into the main draw senior events.

Men's singles
 * 1) 🇬🇧 Richard Bloomfield
 * 2) 🇬🇧 Alex Bogdanovic
 * 3) 🇬🇧 Lee Childs
 * 4) 🇬🇧 Mark Hilton
 * 5)  Goran Ivanišević
 * 6) 🇬🇧 Jonathan Marray
 * 7) 🇬🇧 Arvind Parmar
 * 8) 🇬🇧 Greg Rusedski

Women's singles
 * 1) 🇬🇧 Elena Baltacha
 * 2) 🇬🇧 Amanda Janes
 * 3) 🇬🇧 Anne Keothavong
 * 4) 🇺🇸 Martina Navratilova
 * 5) 🇬🇧 Katie O'Brien
 * 6) 🇬🇧 Jane O'Donoghue
 * 7)  Patty Schnyder
 * 8) 🇬🇧 Emily Webley-Smith

Men's doubles
 * 1) 🇬🇧 James Auckland / 🇬🇧 Lee Childs
 * 2) 🇬🇧 Andrew Banks / 🇬🇧 Alex Bogdanovic
 * 3) 🇬🇧 Jamie Delgado / 🇬🇧 Arvind Parmar
 * 4) 🇬🇧 Ian Flanagan / 🇬🇧 Martin Lee
 * 5) 🇬🇧 Mark Hilton / 🇬🇧 Jonathan Marray
 * 6) 🇬🇧 Dan Kiernan / 🇬🇧 David Sherwood

Women's doubles
 * 1) 🇬🇧 Elena Baltacha / 🇬🇧 Amanda Janes
 * 2) 🇬🇧 Sarah Borwell / 🇬🇧 Emily Webley-Smith
 * 3) 🇬🇧 Hannah Collin / 🇬🇧 Anne Keothavong
 * 4) 🇬🇧 Helen Crook / 🇬🇧 Anna Hawkins
 * 5) 🇫🇷 Tatiana Golovin / 🇫🇷 Mary Pierce
 * 6) 🇪🇸 Anabel Medina Garrigues / 🇪🇸 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario

Mixed doubles
 * 1) 🇬🇧 Jonathan Marray / 🇬🇧 Amanda Janes
 * 2) 🇺🇸 Jared Palmer / 🇪🇸 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
 * 3) 🇬🇧 Arvind Parmar / 🇬🇧 Jane O'Donoghue
 * 4) 🇮🇱 Andy Ram / 🇷🇺 Anastasia Rodionova
 * 5) 🇬🇧 David Sherwood / 🇬🇧 Anne Keothavong

Men's singles

 * 🇩🇪 Tommy Haas
 * 🇸🇪 Thomas Johansson
 * Kristian Pless
 * 🇨🇿 Bohdan Ulihrach

Women's singles

 * 🇱🇺 Anne Kremer

Men's singles

 * 1) 🇬🇧 Jamie Delgado
 * 2) 🇧🇷 André Sá
 * 3) 🇪🇸 Iván Navarro
 * 4) 🇫🇷 Richard Gasquet
 * 5) Ramón Delgado
 * 6) 🇺🇸 Glenn Weiner
 * 7) 🇨🇿 Jan Hernych
 * 8) 🇧🇪 Christophe Rochus
 * 9) 🇨🇴 Alejandro Falla
 * 10) Ivo Heuberger
 * 11) 🇮🇹 Daniele Bracciali
 * 12) Wang Yeu-tzuoo
 * 13) 🇫🇷 Olivier Patience
 * 14) 🇦🇹 Julian Knowle
 * 15) 🇮🇱 Andy Ram
 * 16) Janko Tipsarević

The following players received entry into the lucky loser spot:
 * 1) 🇫🇷 Julien Benneteau
 * 2) 🇮🇹 Davide Sanguinetti
 * 3) 🇦🇹 Alexander Peya
 * 4) 🇮🇹 Potito Starace
 * 5) 🇮🇹 Stefano Pescosolido

Women's singles

 * 1) 🇪🇸 Nuria Llagostera Vives
 * 2) Angelique Widjaja
 * 3) 🇷🇺 Tatiana Panova
 * 4) 🇨🇳 Sun Tiantian
 * 5) 🇺🇸 Mashona Washington
 * 6) 🇨🇿 Eva Birnerová
 * 7) 🇫🇷 Virginie Razzano
 * 8) 🇺🇸 Jennifer Hopkins
 * 9) 🇫🇷 Stéphanie Foretz
 * 10) 🇺🇦 Yuliya Beygelzimer
 * 11) 🇷🇴 Edina Gallovits
 * 12) 🇦🇺 Christina Wheeler

Men's doubles

 * 1) 🇦🇺 Stephen Huss / 🇸🇪 Robert Lindstedt
 * 2) 🇭🇺 Gergely Kisgyörgy / 🇵🇱 Łukasz Kubot
 * 3) Rik de Voest / 🇦🇺 Nathan Healey
 * 4) 🇮🇹 Daniele Bracciali / 🇮🇹 Giorgio Galimberti

The following teams received entry into the lucky loser spot:
 * 1) 🇺🇸 Devin Bowen / 🇺🇸 Tripp Phillips
 * 2) 🇺🇸 Diego Ayala / 🇺🇸 Brian Vahaly
 * 3) Kenneth Carlsen / 🇫🇮 Tuomas Ketola

Women's doubles

 * 1) 🇳🇿 Leanne Baker / 🇦🇺 Nicole Sewell
 * 2) 🇰🇷 Jeon Mi-ra / 🇯🇵 Yuka Yoshida
 * 3) 🇧🇬 Lubomira Bacheva / 🇨🇿 Eva Birnerová
 * 4) 🇦🇺 Evie Dominikovic / 🇷🇺 Anastasia Rodionova

The following teams received entry into the lucky loser spot:
 * 1) 🇦🇹 Barbara Schwartz / 🇩🇪 Jasmin Wöhr
 * 2) 🇺🇸 Amanda Augustus / Natalie Grandin
 * 3) 🇮🇪 Claire Curran / 🇬🇧 Jane O'Donoghue

title: 2004 Wimbledon Championships


text:
Radu Negru

Negru Vodă ("[The] Black Voivode" or "[The] Black Prince"), also known as Radu Negru ("Radu [the] Black"), was, according to the legend, the founder and the first Voievode of Wallachia.

Name
Radu is a name derived from the Slavic word for "joy". In 2009, Radu was the 43rd most popular name among Romanian boys in the modern state of Romania and Moldova..

Traditions
According to Romanian traditions, Negru Vodă would have been the founder and ruler of Wallachia at a date around 1290. The legend was first mentioned in the 17th-century Cantacuzino Annals, which also state that the prince built large churches in Câmpulung and Curtea de Argeș, successive capitals of Wallachia. This is probably a confusion with Radu I of Wallachia, who reigned 1377–1383. Legends surrounding Meșterul Manole also mention Negru Vodă as the commissioner of the church and blend his image with that of Neagoe Basarab, who ruled at a much later date than Radu I.

In various folk traditions and legends, Negru Vodă's image blends with that of the following rulers:
 * Thocomerius, father of Basarab I
 * Basarab I (c. 1270–1351/52), Great Voivode of Wallachia
 * Nicolae Alexandru, Voivode of Wallachia ( c. 1352 – 1364)
 * Radu I, Voivode of Wallachia (c. 1377 – c. 1383)
 * Neagoe Basarab, Voivode of Wallachia (1512-1521)

title: Radu Negru


text:
Battle of Mława

The Battle of Mława, otherwise known as the Defence of the Mława position, took place to the north of the town of Mława in northern Poland between 1 and 3 September 1939. It was one of the opening battles of the Invasion of Poland and World War II in general. It was fought between the forces of the Polish Modlin Army under General Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski and the German 3rd Army under General Georg von Küchler.

Eve of the Battle
As a result of the Treaty of Versailles, the new German-Polish border was located only some 120 km north of Warsaw, the Polish capital city. In 1939 the Polish Modlin Army, led by Brigadier General Emil Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski, was thought of as the main defensive force guarding Polish borders from the north. It was located along the border with East Prussia and was to stop the enemy forces advancing towards Warsaw, the Modlin Fortress. Shortly before the war, a decision was made to strengthen the Polish defences by construction of a line of field fortifications and concrete bunkers to the north of Mława, in the centre of the army's positions.

The main line of defence of the army was located along the line of Narew and Vistula rivers. There were a number of 19th-century fortifications in the area, but the plains to the north of it were almost defenseless. To ease the delaying actions in case of a war with Germany, the Polish General Staff decided that the Modlin Army should be transported to the border with East Prussia and should defend the line for as long as possible. Afterwards, the units under command of General Przedrzymirski-Krukowicz were to withdraw to the south and defend the line of Narew and Vistula rivers, together with the forces of Narew Independent Operational Group.

After the Polish secret mobilization had started in March 1939, the 20th Infantry Division was assigned to the Modlin Army and transported to the area of Mława. In addition, the army commander was assigned a number of trainloads of concrete and other construction materials and several combat engineering battalions. It was decided that a line of fortifications should be constructed in the area held by that division. On 19 June that year the project was ready and was finally approved by Marshal of Poland Edward Rydz-Śmigły on 3 July.

The line of trenches and concrete bunkers, shielded by anti-tank trenches and obstacles, was to be constructed along a low glacial hill overlooking the valley of the Mławka river, to the north of the town. The river itself could be blocked by a dam to enhance the defensive capability of the area. In the center, the swampy terrain of the Niemyje Marshes was located, which was virtually impassable to enemy armored vehicles. This swamp divided the area into two separate flanks. The western section was to be reinforced with 68 concrete bunkers while the eastern, much shorter, with 25.

In peacetime the 20th Division was located in Baranowicze. In case of a war with the USSR, it was planned as the first-line unit to defend a line of German World War I fortifications built there in 1915. Because of that, most of its soldiers had experience in defending fortified positions.

The construction of bunkers in the western section of the front, near the town of Mława, was started on 14 July. It was carried out mostly by the soldiers themselves, under the command of the head of the 20th engineering battalion, Maj. Juliusz Levittoux. The construction of the eastern flank bunkers near the village of Rzęgnowo started on 12 August. Soon the soldiers were joined by a number of civilian volunteers, helping to dig the trenches. However, the positions were not finished until the outbreak of World War II and many of the bunkers were not completed.

Battle
At noon on 1 September 1939 the Polish line of defence manned by the 20th Infantry Division was attacked by the 1st Army Corps under General Walter Petzel. Georg von Küchler, the commander of German Third Army, ordered his units to launch probing attacks across the Polish front. Troops of the 11th Infantry Division were repulsed by Polish 78th Infantry Regiment, while Waffen-SS troops of SS-Standarte Deutschland, part of Panzer Division Kempf, were halted by the Polish defenses at the village of Uniszki Zawadzkie and called for armored support. Panzer Regiment 7 arrived at 15:00 and mounted an assault. Although the attacking forces were equipped with tanks and supported by warplanes, the initial assault was repelled by Polish-made 37mm Armata ppanc. wz. 36 anti-tank guns after the advance of the German tanks was blocked by a 6 meter wide anti-tank ditch. Seven tanks belonging to Panzer Regiment 7 were destroyed in the action, and by 19:00 the German units fell back to their original positions. Only on the right flank of the Polish line did the Germans find any success, with the 12th Infantry Division and 1st Cavalry Brigade successfully dislodging the Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade from their positions near the town of Chorzele. Late in the day, cavalry from both sides skirmished near the village of Krznowłoga Mała.

The following afternoon the German units started heavy artillery bombardment of the Polish positions, in coordination with an aerial attack by Ju 87 Stukas of Sturzkampfgeschwader 1. After two hours of artillery fire, the 11th and 61st Infantry Divisions launched an attack but were repulsed by the 80th and 78th Infantry Regiments respectively. At Rzęgnowo on the Polish right flank however, the 1st Infantry Division successesfully outflanked the Polish 79th Infantry Regiment, and the Polish troops retreated towards Mława around 16:00. Sensing weakness on the Polish right flank, von Küchler ordered Panzer Division Kempf moved towards Rzęgnowo to prepare for an assault the following day. Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski meanwhile ordered the 20th Division to extend further eastwards and prepare the defence of its right flank between the villages of Dębsk and Nosarzewo. At the same time the 8th Infantry Division, until then held in reserve near Ciechanów, was ordered to prepare a counterattack.

The 8th Division arrived in the area in the early hours of 3 September. As the Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade operating further eastwards was also endangered by German armoured troops, the army commander ordered the division to split its forces and attack in two directions: towards Grudusk east of Mława and towards Przasnysz. However, conflicting orders and German saboteurs operating in the rear disrupted both attacks and led to chaos in the Polish ranks. Communication broke down and friendly fire incidents occurred between the 13th and 32nd Infantry Regiments during the night, resulting in the retreat of the latter. By 22:00 the division was mostly destroyed and only the 21st Infantry Regiment of Colonel (later General) Stanisław Sosabowski managed to withdraw from the fights towards the Modlin Fortress. Despite this, the German attacks towards both flanks of the 20th Infantry Division were unsuccessful.

On 3 September the German engineers finally managed to cut through Polish antitank barriers. The Germans used the local civilians as human shields,  which allowed them to finally capture several bunkers on the left flank of the Polish forces, but were unable to push forwards. On the right flank, in the Rzegnów section of the front to the east of the swamps, the attacks were more successful and in the late evening elements of German Wodrig Corps finally broke through the lines of the 79th Infantry Regiment to the rear of the Poles. This widened the front gap in the area of Grudusk.

At 09:00 on September 4, General Emil Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski, facing the risk of his forces being outflanked and surrounded, ordered the 20th division and the remnants of the 8th to withdraw towards Warsaw and Modlin, finally abandoning the fortified positions.

Aftermath
The withdrawal was started in the early morning of 4 September. Although the German mechanized units suffered heavy losses and were unable to maintain pursuit, the area to the south of Mława was very lightly forested and the Polish forces were constantly bombarded and strafed by the German Luftwaffe, suffering heavy losses both in troops and equipment.

Although the position was abandoned, the German forces suffered substantial losses and it was not until 13 September that they finally managed to reach the Modlin Fortress, located less than 100 kilometres to the south.

title: Battle of Mława


text:
Netley Hospital

The Royal Victoria Hospital or Netley Hospital was a large military hospital in Netley, near Southampton, Hampshire, England. Construction started in 1856 at the suggestion of Queen Victoria but its design caused some controversy, chiefly from Florence Nightingale. Often visited by Queen Victoria, the hospital was extensively used during the First World War. It became the 28th US General Hospital during the invasion of mainland Europe in the Second World War. The main building – the world's longest building when it was completed – was entirely demolished in 1966, except for the chapel and former YMCA building, which still survive. The extensive outbuildings, which once occupied a vast acreage of land to the rear of the main building, finally succumbed in 1978. The site of the hospital can be seen and explored in Royal Victoria Country Park. The site had a railway station, which was connected by the Netley Hospital Branch Line.

The hospital was situated within the larger area of land bounded by the River Itchen and River Hamble, particularly around Sholing that had become known locally as Spike Island. That term was subsequently used by wounded soldiers and prisoners of war to describe the location of the hospital.

Development
During the Crimean War (1854–1856), news of dreadful conditions in military hospitals in the Crimea caused political concern in England, and contributed to the fall of the government in 1855 due to "Mismanagement of the War". Encouraged by Queen Victoria and aided by the friendship between Florence Nightingale and the new Prime Minister, Lord Palmerston, the fresh political climate allowed a large military hospital to be planned and constructed.

Netley on the shore of Southampton Water was first suggested as a site for the new hospital by Sir Andrew Smith, and was settled on after the rejection of co-location with the Naval Hospital at Haslar. The board in charge of the project was appointed by Lord Panmure and chaired by Colonel T. O'Brien, the Deputy Quartermaster General, and was to keep closely in touch with Smith to ensure that the views of medical officers on the design were respected. 109 acre of land was purchased from Thomas Chamberlayne's Netley Grange Estate on 3 January 1856. Later that year, developing plans meant that further land was required, which was compulsorily purchased from Chamberlayne. Queen Victoria laid the foundation stone on 19 May 1856, concealing underneath a copy of the plans, the first Victoria Cross, a Crimea Medal and coins of the realm. The inscription read: This stone was laid on the 19th day of May in the year of our Lord 1856, by Her Most Gracious Majesty Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland as the foundation stone of the Victoria Military Hospital intended for the reception of the sick and invalid soldiers of her Army

Some confusion was caused by the publication in The Builder of unrevised plans for the hospital. Moreover, the influential Florence Nightingale, still busy in the Crimea, was not involved in the initial design. On her return, she was able to highlight flaws in the design and politicise them. In January 1857, Prime Minister Lord Palmerston wrote:

It seems to me that at Netley all consideration of what would best tend to the comfort and recovery of the patients has been sacrificed to the vanity of the architect, whose sole object has been to make a building which should cut a dash when looked at from Southampton River. Pray stop all work.

But construction was well under way, and it was too late to change the design significantly. Subsequent reports and enquiries concluded that the design and its location were indeed flawed, though, under the influence of Dr John Sutherland, Nightingale eventually expressed approval for the plans.

The hospital eventually opened for patients on 11 March 1863. It was a quarter of a mile (435 m) long, had 138 wards and approximately 1,000 beds, and was Britain's largest military hospital. It cost £350,000 to build, and was late and over budget. Supporting infrastructure was also built, including a reservoir at Hound Grove and a gasworks In 1863 Nightingale's colleague Jane Catherine Shaw Stewart became the Supervisor of Nurses, but she was there for just five years before an investigation revealled her bullying and temper. She was replaced by Jane Cecilia Deeble who was awarded the Royal Red Cross for her work "in Zululand". Deeble was in charge until 1889 when she was succeeded by Helen Campbell Norman.

A cast iron pier was extended into Southampton Water in 1865, restricted to 560 ft in length and not reaching deep water. A railway line connected Netley to Southampton Docks on 5 March 1866. At the suggestion of Queen Victoria, the line was extended into the grounds of the hospital on 18 April 1900. In 1903, an electricity generating station was built.

In 1864, a Portland stone memorial was erected, dedicated to the members of the Army Medical Department who died in the Crimean War.

Early use
The building was enormous, grand, and visually attractive, but was neither convenient nor practical. Corridors were on the sea-facing front of the building, leaving the wards facing the inner courtyard with little light and air. Ventilation in general was poor, with unpleasant smells lingering around the vast building. In 1867, journalist Matthew Wallingford paid a visit to the hospital to write a report for the local parish newsletter:

"It was a ghastly display of deception to say the least. To the naked eye it is a triumph of modern architecture, but should you inherit the misfortune to be sectioned there, one would not think of the place as so. It is not so much as the greatest military hospital in the world as much as it is a rather impractical waste of government finance."

Early patients arriving from campaigns taking place all over the world during the expansion of the British Empire had an uncomfortable journey to the hospital, either having to be transferred to a shallow-draft boat if landing at the pier, or transported from Netley station to the hospital if arriving by rail.

The hospital was particularly busy during the Second Boer War (1899–1902) which, when the project was further encouraged by Queen Victoria, provided the impetus for extending the railway line. The extension terminated at a station behind the hospital but was awkward to operate, having gradients which were steep for the locomotives of the time. Some trains needed a locomotive at each end to travel that ¾ of a mile.

The railway and pier were also used for Queen Victoria's frequent visits to the hospital; she often arrived at the pier having been conveyed in the Royal Yacht from her residence on the Isle of Wight, Osborne House. She awarded three Victoria Crosses to patients at the hospital. The Pier's lack of access to deep water meant it ceased to be used for patient transfer after 1901.

From its construction until 1902, Netley Hospital served as the home of the Army Medical School, training civilian doctors for service with the army. In A Study in Scarlet, Dr. Watson recounts his earlier life before meeting Sherlock Holmes; it is established that Watson received his medical degree from the University of London in 1878, and had gone on to train at Netley Hospital as a surgeon in the Army. As many patients were suffering from tropical diseases, the hospital was also used for medical research. The first thing that confronted anyone entering the imposing central tower block was a large museum of natural history and anatomical specimens, reflecting the interests of many of the doctors.

World Wars
During the First World War, a large Red Cross hutted hospital was built at the rear of the site, which expanded Netley Hospital to accommodate around 2,500 beds. Many of the staff were Red Cross volunteers, as most of the regular staff were overseas. Some 50,000 patients were treated at Netley during the war.

Similar usage was seen during the Second World War, when around 68,000 casualties were treated. In June 1940, French soldiers from Dunkirk were treated here. In 1944, US Forces took over the hospital prior to D-Day.

A break was made in the pier during the Second World War to prevent its use in the event of a German invasion.

Decline
After the war, the hospital continued to care for some casualties returning from overseas service. It also accommodated some Hungarian refugees in 1956, but due to its high cost of maintenance, it gradually fell into disuse, and the main site closed in 1958. The pier was never repaired and had been demolished by 1955.

In 1963, a large fire damaged much of the building, and it was demolished in 1966, with only the chapel retained. Shortly before its demolition, Jonathan Miller filmed his 1966 version of Alice in Wonderland in the hospital. A ceremony uncovered Queen Victoria's time capsule beneath the foundation stone on 7 December 1966.

At the rear of the site, D Block (Victoria House) and E Block (Albert House) formed the psychiatric hospital. D Block was opened in 1870 as the army's first purpose-built military asylum. These buildings were also used from the 1950s to 1978 to treat Army (and from 1960, Navy) personnel who suffered from sexually transmitted diseases, drug and alcohol problems, and later the Joint Armed Services Psychiatric Unit. The unit moved to the Queen Elizabeth Military Hospital, Woolwich in mid-1978.

The site is now open to the public as the Royal Victoria Country Park. Of the main building, only the hospital chapel remains; it was scheduled for demolition but was saved at the last moment as a monument to the hospital. The chapel was designated as Grade II* listed in 1974.

Some buildings at the rear of the site, including the former asylum, are used as the Hampshire Constabulary Police Training Headquarters. The Officers' Mess survives and is also a listed building. The altar from the Catholic chapel is still in use at the Our Lady of Sorrows and St Philip Benizi church in Fordingbridge.

title: Netley Hospital


text:
Charlie Gracie

Charles Anthony Graci (May 14, 1936 – December 16, 2022), known professionally as Charlie Gracie, was an American rock and roll and rhythm and blues singer and guitarist. His biggest hits were "Butterfly" and "Fabulous", both in 1957.

Early career
Charlie Gracie was born in South Philadelphia to Santo ("Sam") and Mary Graci (née Cappizzi), who were both of Sicilian heritage. At the age of 10, Gracie's father encouraged him to play the guitar. His musical career started at the age of 16 when he appeared on the Paul Whiteman television show in 1952. Gracie performed at weddings, local restaurants, and parties, and on local radio and television. He also won regional talent contests. Charlie graduated from South Philadelphia High School in 1952.

The owner of Cadillac Records, Graham Prince, heard one of Gracie's early radio performances, contacted the young musician and signed him to a recording contract. This association yielded the single "Boogie Woogie Blues" backed with "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down And Write Myself A Letter". The record led to Charlie's first appearance on Bob Horn's American Bandstand television program, four years before Dick Clark became the host. After cutting two more singles for Cadillac, including one called "Rockin' 'n' Rollin'" in 1952, Charlie moved on to 20th Century Records, where he put out another four sides. The discs he made embraced a wide variety of styles: jump blues, gospel, and country boogie with the influences of Big Joe Turner, B.B. King, Louis Jordan, Roy Acuff, and Hank Williams.

Cameo success years
By 1956, Philadelphia had given birth to the new Cameo record label. Its founders, in search of a strong talent, signed Gracie later that year. With a $600 budget, this new union went into the recording studio to record "Butterfly" backed with "Ninety Nine Ways". It became a hit record, reaching #1 in jukebox plays in the Billboard chart. Gracie received a gold disc for the two million plus sales. His only other Top 40 hit was with a song entitled "Fabulous" the same year, which reached number 16. This track also reached number 6 in the UK. Two other substantial sellers followed: "Wandering Eyes", his third Billboard Top 100 hit, which peaked at number 71 (another number 6 in the UK), and "Cool Baby" (also a top 30 hit in Britain). The financial success of these hits bankrolled the Cameo label, which became a dominant force in the music industry for several years.

Gracie's personal appearances grew until he performed and headlined some of the biggest venues of that time: Alan Freed's rock and roll shows at the Brooklyn Paramount, The Ed Sullivan Show, American Bandstand and the 500 Club in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He appeared in the 1957 film Jamboree and toured with Chuck Berry, the Everly Brothers, Bo Diddley and his close friend Eddie Cochran.

Gracie became only the second American rock and roller to bring this new art form to the British concert stage. His two extensive tours in 1957 and 1958 were topped off by headlining the Palladium and the Hippodrome in London. In the audiences, among Gracie's fans, were future rock musicians Graham Nash, and members of the Beatles. These performers and many other well-known acts have credited Gracie as an influence. George Harrison referred to Gracie's guitar technique as 'brilliant' in a March 1996 interview with Billboard; Paul McCartney invited Gracie to the premiere party of his 1999 release which paid tribute to the early pioneers of rock music.

According to the documentary film Wages of Spin, Gracie sued Cameo Records for unpaid royalties and in retaliation was blacklisted from the radio and American Bandstand. Per the film, Bandstand host Dick Clark had a relationship with the record company and was paid $14,000 for services related to Gracie's song "Butterfly".

Later career
After Cameo, Gracie moved on to other record labels such as Coral, Roulette, Felsted, and Diamond, performing more of the R&B he preferred. Even as success slowed, he continued to perform in clubs, theaters, and resorts all over the USA and Europe, from the 1960s through the 1990s and into the 2000s. He enjoyed a loyal following in the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, and the Netherlands, where he regularly toured - thanks in part to his friend and manager, Paul Barrett who represented Charlie until Paul's passing in 2019.

During the late 1990s, he was introduced to Quentin Jones, a guitarist, studio owner and label head. Jones had a strong background in roots music, having played in a rockabilly band produced by the Stray Cats bassist Lee Rocker. He also played lead guitar on Robert Gordon's 1996 self-titled CD. Gracie and Jones met at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. They decided to record an album together with Jones acting as producer. He brought in bandmate Dave Ferrara to play drums. Jones played bass guitar, combining with Gracie's guitar and vocals. Gracie invited Jones and Ferrara to back him when Van Morrison commissioned Gracie to open his 2000 West Coast tour.

Contributing their musical talents on his latest CD were Tommy Conwell, whose guitar playing is featured on "Still 19", Ralph Miller on piano, Daryl Jenkins on saxophone, and Pete Barnhart on percussion. Graham Nash contributed vocals to the song "A little Too Soon To Tell".

Gracie's pioneering contribution to the genre was recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame and he was inducted into the South Philadelphia High School Alumni Cultural Hall of Fame.

In 2007, a documentary film about Gracie, Fabulous, was aired on PBS stations.

In 2011, ABKCO released the CD For The Love of Charlie produced by Al Kooper and co produced by Quentin Jones, with guest artists Graham Nash, Peter Noone, Jimmy Vivino, Craig Ross, and Dennis Diken, with Gracie singing some of his own songs and some covers.

From 2011 to 2016, Gracie and his son hosted the local radio program "A Fabulous Hour with Charlie Gracie", which aired on Sunday afternoons on WVLT (FM), a classic hits station known as Crusin 92.1FM, based in Vineland, New Jersey, that serves the Southern New Jersey, Northern Delaware and Philadelphia broadcast markets. It spotlighted Gracie's recordings as well as many of his favorites from other artists, and included requests from his family and friends.

On Gracie's 75th birthday, he recorded "Baby Doll" with Producers / Writers Gary Lefkowith and Mike Rogers. The track featured guitarist/vocalist Richie Scarlet, best known for his work with Ace Frehley, Sebastian Bach and Mountain (as well as producing such acts as The Chesterfield Kings). Released in the fall of 2011, it was his first single in over 50 years to receive UK airplay on the BBC. In the US, the record entered the Top 100 on Mediabase's Top 40 Chart, from the strength of Airplay at Sirius XM. Richie Scarlet is featured on lead guitar and played with Gracie at the Bitter End, in New York City, on March 30, 2012, after a live radio broadcast at WFUV. WXPK and WXPN played "Baby Doll," as well, in regular rotation. The World Café featured Gracie at their Philadelphia venue during the same time period, in support of the record.

Gracie was inducted into the Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia Hall of Fame on November 16, 2012, at the Hilton City Avenue, Philadelphia.

In 2019, Gracie toured the UK with Marty Wilde along with Mike Berry, Nancy Ann Lee and the Wildcats.

He continued to perform at many places in the Philadelphia area, and for many years had annual concerts during the summer at Rose Tree Park in Media, Pennsylvania, and Goshen Country Fair in West Chester, Pennsylvania.

Personal life and death
Gracie died in Philadelphia, on December 16, 2022, at the age of 86, after dealing with COVID-19 complications since the spring. He was married for over 60 years to his wife Joan. They had two children, a son and a daughter.

Studio albums

 * 1980 – Rockin' Philadelphia – Big Beat
 * 1981 – The Fabulous Charlie Gracie – Blackjack
 * 1982 – Amazing Gracie – Charly
 * 2001 – I'm Alright – Lanark
 * 2004 – Just Hangin' Around – Rhythm Bomb
 * 2004 – Rockin' Italy (and the Jumpin' Shoes) – Rockhouse
 * 2007 – Gracie Swings Again – Rhythm Bomb
 * 2011 – For the Love of Charlie – ABCKO
 * 2015 – Angel on My Shoulder – Lanark

Live albums

 * 1983 – Live at the Stockton Globe – August 26, 1957 – Rollercoaster Records UK
 * 2004 – An Evening With Charlie Gracie – Rockstar

Compilations

 * 1978 – Cameo-Parkway Sessions – London
 * 1999 – It's Fabulous – Stomper Time
 * 2006 – The Best of Charlie Gracie: Cameo Parkway 1956–1958 – ABKCO
 * 2009 – The Fabulous Charlie Gracie
 * 2011 – For the Love of Charlie

Singles
(Not Exhaustive)
 * 1951 – "Boogie Woogie Blues" / "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" – Cadillac
 * 1951 – "All Over Town" / "Rockin' an' Rollin'" – Cadillac
 * 1953 – "T'Ain't No Sin in Rhythm" / "Say What You Mean" – Cadillac
 * 1955 – "My Baby Loves Me" / "Head Home, Honey!" – 20th Century
 * 1955 – "Wildwood Boogie" / "Honey! Honey!" – 20th Century
 * 1957 – "Butterfly" / "Ninety-Nine Ways" – Cameo
 * 1957 – "Fabulous" / "Just Lookin'" – Cameo
 * 1957 – "I Love You So Much It Hurts" / "Wanderin' Eyes" – Cameo
 * 1957 – "Cool Baby" / "You Got a Heart Like a Rock" – Cameo
 * 1958 – "Crazy Girl" / "Dressin' Up" – Cameo
 * 1959 – "Doodlebug" / "Hurry Up, Buttercup" – Coral
 * 1959 – "Angel of Love" / "I'm a Fool, That's Why" – Coral
 * 1959 – "Oh-Well-A" / "Because I Love You So" – Coral
 * 1960 – "The Race" / "I Looked for You" – Roulette
 * 1962 – "Pretty Baby" / "Night and Day, U.S.A." – President
 * 1965 – "He'll Never You Love Like I Do" / "Keep My Love Next to Your Heart" – Diamond
 * 1968 – "Walk with Me Girl" / "Tenderness" – Sock 'n' Soul
 * 1978 – "Fabulous" / "Makin' Whoopie" / "Wow...w" – London (UK)
 * 1981 – "You Mostest Girl" / "Rockin' the Boogie" – Blackjack (Belgium)
 * 2011 – "Baby Doll" (featuring Richie Scarlet) – Generic Records

Filmography

 * Appearances
 * Jamboree (aka Disc Jockey Jamboree) directed by Roy Lockwood
 * Documentary
 * Fabulous – documentary about Charlie Gracie's career

title: Charlie Gracie


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Basava Premanand

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 02:59, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Basava Premanand
non notable 198.214.51.1 18:46, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Delete this uninteresting article. No notable things found in this entry.
 * Delete. Doesn't contain any interesting/additional info and also "non notable". Vorash 18:56, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * keep clearly notable. Publisher of the magazine the Indian Skeptic and chairman of the Indian CSICOP. prominently featured in several BBC documentaries amomg others the one hour documentary Secret Swami, broadcast in the UK and BBC World in 2004. Andries 19:51, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep - First of all interesting is not a factor in whether an article should stay or be deleted. And how is this non-notable in any way? It is extremely notable, the man has been featured in BBC Documentaries and other news media and has a prominent role in Indian society. -CunningLinguist 22:32, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep sufficient notability for mine. Capitalistroadster 02:30, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Anon seems to be a POV warrior placing numerous VfD's on articles related to Hindusim, Gurus, et. ≈ jossi ≈ 04:41, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Sounds like Anon has an axe to grind. --Jävligsvengelska 19:53, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
ISO 31-1

ISO 31-1 is the part of international standard ISO 31 that defines names and symbols for quantities and units related to space and time. It was superseded in 2006 by ISO 80000-3.

Definitions
Its definitions include:

Annex A
Annex A of ISO 31-1 lists units of space and time based on the foot, pound, and second.

Annex B
Annex B lists some other non-SI units of space and time, namely the gon, light year, astronomical unit, parsec, tropical year, and gal.

title: ISO 31-1


text:
Talk:Radu Negru

Untitled
I created this page for the sole reason to justify my deletion of misinterpreted dates at Bucharest and some other pages. I have no clue in Rumanian history, so the pieces and bits I collected using google may be incorrect. mikka (t) 18:46, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

How about the alleged Slavic origin of the name Radu ? "Radost" means "joy" in Slavic languages and this might be a plausible origin of the Romanian name Radu. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 15.195.185.82 (talk) 14:02, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

Some dubious statement
The article writes of an alleged persecution of the Orthodox Romanians in the last decades of the 13th century in the Kingdom of Hungary ("...in 1289, the Kingdom of Hungary forced all nobles (including those in Transylvania) to adhere to the Roman Catholic Church, an act which could have determined the ethnic Romanian potentates to seek out new lands)." Is there any source based on which this statement could be substantiated? Moreover, the Cantacuzino Chronicle (that is the chronicle in which the earliest version of Radu Negru's legend was recorded) clearly refers to "Romanians, Saxons, papists and many others" among the people who followed Radu Negru. Therefore, the retinue of the prince who is claimed to have been persecuted by the Catholics comprised of both Orthodox and Catholic followers. There is another Romanian legend (the legends connected to Roman and Vlahata and Dragos) that refers to the persecution of the Orthodox Romanians, but not within the Kingdom of Hungary, but before their migration to Hungary. Borsoka (talk) 10:34, 1 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Radu Negru


text:
Flight of the Cosmic Hippo

Flight of the Cosmic Hippo is the second album by Béla Fleck and the Flecktones, released in 1991. It reached number 1 on the Billboard Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart. The album title came from an audience member who suggested "Flight of the Codeine Hippo"; the band changed "codeine" to "cosmic".

The album received two Grammy nominations.

Production
The group's version of "The Star-Spangled Banner" was recorded the night the Gulf War began.

Critical reception
AllMusic's Brian Mansfield wrote: "The Flecktones owe more to bebop than bluegrass, and here the group finally names their style 'blu-bop.' That's why Flight of the Cosmic Hippo topped the jazz, not the country, chart. The Flecktones continue to make it look easy, adding banjo power chords to 'Turtle Rock' and reworking Lennon/McCartney's 'Michelle'." The Chicago Tribune wrote that "this is a group with a warm, engaging sense of humor and a desire to communicate, not a bunch of Berklee whiz kids practicing lessons in advanced harmonics." The Los Angeles Times wrote that "over the course of the Hippo album, the Flecktones ... essay a traditional Irish folk song, 'Star of the County Down'; a spirited rock 'n' roll number, 'Turtle Rock'; a jazzy take on the Beatles' 'Michelle', and a surprisingly soulful reading of '"The Star-Spangled Banner"'." The Indianapolis Star deemed the album "jazz, played with country instruments and down-home warmth—what Chick Corea might sound like if he played with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band."

Track listing
All songs by Béla Fleck unless otherwise noted.
 * 1) "Blu-Bop" (The Flecktones) – 4:22
 * 2) "Flying Saucer Dudes" – 4:51
 * 3) "Turtle Rock" – 4:12
 * 4) "Flight of the Cosmic Hippo" – 4:29
 * 5) "The Star-Spangled Banner" (Francis Scott Key, arr. The Flecktones) – 2:35
 * 6) "Star of the County Down" (P.D., arr. The Flecktones) – 4:21
 * 7) "Jekyll and Hyde (and Ted and Alice)" – 7:04
 * 8) "Michelle" (John Lennon/Paul McCartney) – 5:10
 * 9) "Hole in the Wall" – 4:40
 * 10) "Flight of the Cosmic Hippo (Reprise)" – 2:14

Personnel

 * Béla Fleck – banjo (tracks 2, 4-10), electric banjo (tracks 1, 3), synth (track 1)
 * Howard Levy – diatonic harmonica (tracks 2, 3, 5-8, 10), piano (tracks 2-5, 7-10), synthesizers (tracks 1, 2, 4-6, 9), harp in a cup (track 4), harp through micro synth (track 2), double ocarina (track 9), Hammond B-3 organ (track 6)
 * "Future Man" – Synth-Axe Drumitar
 * Victor Wooten – 4-string, 5-string fretless (tracks 4, 5, 7, 8, 10) and 6-string electric basses

Production notes

 * Produced and mixed by Béla Fleck with the Flecktones
 * Bil VornDick	 – engineer, mixing
 * Carlos Grier	 – editing
 * Denny Purcell – mastering
 * Mark Nevers – assistant engineer
 * Keith Odle – mixing assistant
 * Richard Battaglia	 – assistant engineer, mixing assistant
 * Mark Tucker – photography
 * Elvis Wilson – design
 * Laura LiPuma – art direction
 * Mark Fox – artwork

title: Flight of the Cosmic Hippo


text:
Talk:My Generation

Vandalism
While it made me laugh out loud, the claim that Townshend came up with the song's famous lyric because he heard an old painter muttering "I hope these dry before it gets cold" is certainly spurious. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.224.54.60 (talk) 14:22, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Cleanup
I removed the cleanup notice. I believe the information it referred to had already been removed. Sensation002 01:53, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Should the Green Day categorization be removed?
Just wondering. This wasn't an original Green Day song, so... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Squid Vicious (talk • contribs) 21:53, 5 January 2006
 * The song was actually covered by Green Day on the Sweet Children EP. That EP comes on the same disc as kerplunk now. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.94.145.133 (talk • contribs) 18:06, 24 August 2006

Magic Bus as Prototype
I'm having trouble finding out when the title track of "Magic Bus" was recorded. The song is identical in structure and melody to "My Generation. It only differs in beat and lyrics. I'm trying to figure out if it is prototype to My Generation or did it come later as just a rehash?--Mark 2000 06:49, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

The Zimmers
I have added the Zimmers' to the list of notable covers. --82.11.32.93 16:00, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

"Fade Away"/"Fuck off"
I have never heard of Roger saying "fuck off" instead of "fade away." Can someone provide evidence for this? Sensation002 18:47, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * On Live at Leeds he quite clearly says "fuck off". --Bruce1ee (Talk) 06:20, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry to bother you, but I have the album and I listened to the song multiple times and I cannot find this. do you mind providing a specific time in the song, just for my clarity?  Sensation002 15:24, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately I don't have my copy of Live at Leeds anymore but I can remember those words very clearly because at the time four-letter words on LPs were rare. I'm not sure which release of Live at Leeds you have but the LP I had had a 15-odd minute version of "My Generation" that becomes "See Me, Feel Me / Listening to You". But the original lyrics were supposed to be "Why don't you all f-f-f-fuck off" . Perhaps someone else can confirm (or deny) that Roger Daltrey does replace "f-f-fade away" with "f-f-fuck off" on Live at Leeds. --Bruce1ee (Talk) 09:46, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * No, he sings that verse twice, and very clearly sings "fade away" both times. I have listened to it this very moment. — B.Bryant 11:55, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Just as a side note, he does say, "fuck off" at the end of Young Man Blues on the same record. Sensation002 13:28, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

I'm listening to Live at Leeds now. Yes, Daltrey ends Young Man Blues with "sweet fuck all". However, he sings "fade away" in My Generation. I assume that the legend arose because people vaguely remembered hearing the word fuck on the album, but were unwilling to sit through all fourteen tedious, self-indulgent minutes of My Generation to make sure where it was.

With regards to "But the original lyrics were supposed to be "Why don't you all f-f-f-fuck off" ", the first source is a user comment at Songfacts.com, which is a totally unreliable source, and the second source qualifies this with "supposedly", which is the language of weakness.

Bruce1ee's "On Live at Leeds [Daltrey] quite clearly says "fuck off"" and his subsequent rapidy retreat from this position, which is now preserved on this talk page for all eternity, damages his credibility terribly and will undoubtedly be used against him in any further disputes in which he chooses to participate.

 * There is no need to be patronising. Looks like he made an honest mistake. Assume good faith. exolon 22:59, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * For someone with such a prissy writing style, he can't even spell "rapidly". -Ashley Pomeroy 13:42, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

I'm sure Pete Townshend was aware of the word fuck in 1965, and I can imagine someone hearing the song for the first time in 1965 might have been shocked or surprised by the stuttering f-f-f-; and I'm doubly sure that Thownsend was fully aware that he couldn't possibly include the f-word in a pop single, and he didn't. The MC5 had enough trouble with the word motherfuckers in 1969, and they were an underground band. When was the first f-word used, uncensored, on a mainstream rock record put out by a major label? John Lennon had a potty mouth, but that was a couple of years hence.
 * So far as I know, it was on Volunteers by Jefferson Airplane. "Up against the wall, motherfucker!"  Big stink with the company, but they got their way.
 * Kalisphoenix

Besides which, "Why don't you all fuck off" doesn't fit the song's rhythm, and I'm sure that 'fade away' was a reference to the Rolling Stones' Not Fade Away. -Ashley Pomeroy 20:14, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * In the movie Quadrophenia, the mods listen to My Generation at a party and they all sing it "f-f-fuck off," although the recording probably does not say that. They also listen to The Kinks' "You Really Got Me" and sing "so I masterbate at night" instead of "so I can't sleep at night." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.128.217.184 (talk • contribs) 02:08, 5 January 2006

....As this question is still being asked in 2018, my husband was a mod and apparently when the song was played at mod nightclubs and the line 'fade away', came up, everyone there shouted 'FUCK OFF!' They couldn't hear Townshend!

Fair use rationale for Image:MyGenerationUK.jpg
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BetacommandBot 06:01, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup: Notable covers
How does the notable covers section need to be cleaned up? Hyacinth (talk) 21:59, 16 July 2008 (UTC)
 * It doesn't. That's what "Notable Covers" sections are supposed to look like. And that other tag ("Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided") under the "In popular culture" section, needs to go as well. There is nowhere else in the entry that the section outlining the effect of "My Generation" in popular culture could go. Some Wiki contributors the moment they see a section titled "In culture", they tag it! -The Gnome (talk) 23:07, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

Notability
I think these days more people are familiar with the Limp Bizkit song. It's a lot heavier. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.40.118.28 (talk) 08:25, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

Bass solo
According to the liner notes of the sound track to The Kids Are Alright, the solo was in fact performed on a Damelectro, and that it was the third one Entwistle bought. Middle Eye 512 (talk) 21:30, 21 March 2012 (UTC)

I'm looking at the Genrea
and am not happy with either heavy metal, stoner rock. Wikipedia describes Stones rock as something started in 1990s, and the Who don't (opinion) really fit as Heavy Metal either. Carptrash (talk) 00:21, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

I am wondering
if the section in Popular Culture that reads:
 * "In a 2009 Pepsi commercial used to promote their new logo"

should read, "The song was used in a 2009 Pepsi commercial used to promote their new logo?" Since I never heard the ad I am not inclined to make this change. Carptrash (talk) 14:19, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

Notable Covers & Popular Culture
There are problems with both these sections, despite what is said in the above section.

 * 1)  They are both entirely uncited.  This is never good.
 * 2) What criteria is being used to decide which covers are "notable"?  Currently it appears that anyone can list any cover they know of.  They don't need to make it verifiable or demonstrate any notability.
 * 3) The "in popular culture" section is 90% trivia of no significance. It demonstrates no, or very little, impact of the song on popular culture. It is amply demonstrated in other parts of the article that the song is well-known and popular, so it's news to no-one that, amazingly, it can be heard on TV and in films.  No-one is ever going to read the entirety of this undesirable list format because it says very little of interest.

As of Dec. 9, 2013, there are no covers shown in the article, although there is a category listing for Patti Smith songs. I remember the Patti Smith cover with John Cale playing bass. Also, should there be mention of songs that refer to "My Generation", such as Generation X's "Your Generation" and Sham 69's "Whose Generation"? Jtyroler (talk) 10:00, 9 December 2013 (UTC)

-- Escape Orbit (Talk) 18:24, 12 November 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Why are we having reverts on the "Personnel" section?
Is there any doubt that this is Townshend, Daltry, Moon and Entwistle? I his bio Pete mentions three of them but not Moon. I am going to use that as a source. Pleae feel free to join in the discussion. Carptrash (talk) 20:36, 5 January 2019 (UTC)

Requested move 16 November 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved --  JHunterJ (talk) 13:44, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

– According to stats of the this year and of the last 90 days, the album is viewed more than the song. However, the song is also more well known, yet the album has plenty of notable songs, including ones that the band covered. If you can search for books and articles, the song will be more likely referenced recently. For a better compromise, the dabpage should take over the base title. George Ho (talk) 10:31, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
 * My Generation → My Generation (song)
 * My Generation (disambiguation) → My Generation
 * Oppose, well, in talking about my generation (and the song), the lead sentence includes "The song was named the 11th greatest song by Rolling Stone on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and 13th on VH1's list of the 100 Greatest Songs of Rock & Roll." The song was released as a stand-alone single months before the album, and although the album is also prominent readers will reach it, as they have been, from the hatnote or text link. Having all readers so through the disamb page seems excessive page-jumping. Randy Kryn (talk) 13:54, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
 * AutoComplete and search results via search engines also contribute to views of the album article as well as the song one. BTW, I'm not convinced that reception from US-based establishments (Rolling Stones, VH1, Grammy Hall of Fame), even as highest prestige (or esteemed?), should be one of reasons to oppose the proposal. I'm looking at NME (UK) blog post, which I'm planning to insert soon. George Ho (talk) 22:52, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per nom, no clear primary topic given that the album gets more views and there are several other uses on the DAB page.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 19:17, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per nom.--Ortizesp (talk) 20:33, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Randy Kryn. The song is listed variously as #11 and #13 of all time, and meanwhile the album failed to chart in the US and peaked at #5 in the UK. There is a clear winner here in terms of cultural significance, especially as the song has only some 40% more pageviews than the album (I personally try to use at least 100% more when seeking to change a primary topic). — HTGS (talk) 21:19, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Those chart performances were part of first-run (i.e. initial). They do not (severely) affect how American and British critics view the album in later years (My Generation (album)). --George Ho (talk) 22:52, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. Using an apples to apples comparison though, the album is 237/500 and the song is 11/500 per Rolling Stone. If you have some other comparison that contradicts that, I’m happy to hear it, but I think Rolling Stone at least demonstrates the relative relationship, even if you don’t like their absolute rankings. — HTGS (talk) 18:52, 17 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Randy Kryn.  White venom 187 talk to me 21:40, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose, malformed. (CC) Tb hotch ™ 01:54, 17 November 2020 (UTC)
 * What about Thriller (album) and others listed at WP:PDAB? George Ho (talk) 03:27, 17 November 2020 (UTC)
 * It should be My Generation (The Who song) then which I also support views don't show an overwhelming difference (5,359 v 955)[].  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 10:33, 17 November 2020 (UTC)
 * If this is not primary over this, or this over this, I don't see why we should move it were proposed. (CC) Tb hotch ™ 19:52, 17 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Crouch's alt proposal is plausible, but I am uncertain whether more precision is necessary, especially for readers. George Ho (talk) 00:08, 18 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Isn't the album, in fact, named after the song? Carptrash (talk) 04:47, 17 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The song is the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC in respect of long-term significance. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 08:45, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Release date
In the article for the song "My Generation," the release date in listed as 29 October 1965, but in the sidebar for the album the release date is listed as 5 November 1965. CltNC830 (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 23:24, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

What is “00000007”?
When you go to see the singles chronology, for the release year of this single instead of “1965” it says a bunch of 0’s followed by a singular 7. Is this a joke????????? I hope someone cleans this up. Tengoritmo (talk) 19:12, 24 December 2022 (UTC)

Garage rock
Hi,

I was wondering if we can put in garage rock in this page; considering it has the qualities of a garage rock song and is noted by the sources, though is there a way we can put it in there? 203.185.244.152 (talk) 11:47, 9 August 2023 (UTC)

Key
In the composition section there's a picture of the first 2 lines of the vocal melody written on sheet music. It's in F major, but the song (as mentioned later in that section) is up a step in G major. Should this be changed? Sallysballs (talk) 20:31, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:My Generation


text:
Palilula

Palilula may refer to:
 * Palilula (Belgrade), a municipality in the city of Belgrade, Serbia
 * Palilula neighbourhood, Belgrade
 * Palilula (Niš), a municipality in the city of Niš, Serbia
 * Palilula (neighbourhood, Niš)
 * Palilula (Svrljig), a village in the municipality of Svrljig, Serbia
 * Palilula (Bulgaria), a village in Boychinovtsi Municipality, Montana Province, Bulgaria
 * Palilula (Romania) (ro), a village in Bucovăţ Commune, Dolj County, Romania

title: Palilula


text:
User:Hemanshu/Tomorrow's main page

Wikipedia in other languages You may read and edit articles in many different languages:

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title: User:Hemanshu/Tomorrow's main page


text:
Occipital neuralgia

Occipital neuralgia (ON) is a painful condition affecting the posterior head in the distributions of the greater occipital nerve (GON), lesser occipital nerve (LON), third occipital nerve (TON), or a combination of the three. It is paroxysmal, lasting from seconds to minutes, and often consists of lancinating pain that directly results from the pathology of one of these nerves. It is paramount that physicians understand the differential diagnosis for this condition and specific diagnostic criteria. There are multiple treatment modalities, several of which have well-established efficacy in treating this condition.

Signs and symptoms
Patients presenting with a headache originating at the posterior skull base should be evaluated for ON. This condition typically presents as a paroxysmal, lancinating or stabbing pain lasting from seconds to minutes, and therefore a continuous, aching pain likely indicates a different diagnosis. Bilateral symptoms are present in one-third of cases.

Causes
Occipital neuralgia is caused by damage to the occipital nerves, which can arise from trauma (usually concussive or cervical), physical stress on the nerve, repetitive neck contraction, flexion or extension, and/or as a result of medical complications (such as osteochondroma, a benign bone tumour). A rare cause is a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Rarely, occipital neuralgia may be a symptom of metastasis of certain cancers to the spine. Among other cranial neuropathies, occipital neuralgia is also known to occur in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Differential diagnosis
The conditions most easily mistaken with ON for other headache and facial pain disorders include migraine, cluster headache, tension headache, and hemicrania continua. Mechanical neck pain from an upper disc, facet, or musculoligamentous sources may refer to the occiput, but is not classically lancinating or otherwise neuropathic and should not be confused with ON. A crucial step in differentiating ON from other disorders is relief with an occipital nerve block.

Epidemiology
In one study investigating the incidence of facial pain in a Dutch population, ON comprised 8.3% of facial pain cases. The total incidence of ON was 3.2 per 100,000 people, with a mean age of diagnosis of 54.1 years.

Treatment
There are multiple treatment options for ON. The most conservative treatments, such as immobilization of the neck with a cervical collar, physiotherapy, and cryotherapy have not been shown to perform better than placebo. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and anticonvulsants may help to alleviate symptoms. Following diagnostic nerve blocks, therapeutic blocks may be attempted. Typically, a steroid is added to the local anesthetic with variable results. Botulinum Toxin A injection has emerged as a treatment with a conceptually lower side effect profile than many other techniques described here, with most recent trials demonstrating 50% or more improvement.

It remains a common practice to utilize a landmark-only approach when performing greater and lesser occipital nerve blocks. For blockade of both nerves, medication is infiltrated along the nuchal ridge. This technique, while easy to perform and relatively safe if done correctly, may not be particularly accurate and as a result, could theoretically increase the risk of a false-positive result. To improve accuracy, ultrasound-guided techniques were developed. The original ultrasound-guided technique for injection of the GON was described by Greher and colleagues in 2010; it targets the nerve as it courses superficial to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle at the C1-C2 level.

There are several advanced interventional procedures in clinical use:

 * Pulsed or thermal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may be considered for longer-lasting relief after a local anesthetic blockade confirms the diagnosis. Thermal RFA aimed at destroying the nerve architecture can render long-term analgesia but also comes with the potential risks of hypesthesia, dysesthesia, anesthesia dolorosa, and painful neuroma formation. Chemical neurolysis with alcohol or phenol carries the same risks as thermal RFA. There is no such risk with pulsed RF, however, some question its efficacy as compared to other procedures.
 * Neuromodulation of the occipital nerve(s) involves the placement of nerve stimulator leads in a horizontal or oblique orientation at the base of the skull across where the greater occipital nerve emerges. Patients should be trialed with temporary leads first, and greater than 50% pain relief for several days is considered a successful trial after which permanent implantation may be considered. Risks include surgical site infection and lead or generator displacement or fracture after the operation.
 * Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoablation of the GON is sometimes performed. At the correct temperature, there should be stunning but not permanent damage of the nerve, but at temperatures below negative 70 degrees Celsius, nerve injury is possible. Most recently in the literature, a 2018 article by Kastler and colleagues described 7 patients who underwent cryoneurolysis in a non-blinded fashion to good effect, but the follow-up was limited to 3 months.
 * Surgical decompression is often considered to be the last resort. In one study of 11 patients, only two patients did not experience significant pain relief postoperatively and mean pain episodes per month decreased from 17.1 to 4.1, with mean pain intensity scores also decreasing from 7.18 to 1.73. Resection of part of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle has shown success in patients who have an exacerbation of their pain with flexion of the cervical spine. Another popular surgical technique is C2 gangliotomy, even though patients are left with several days of intermittent nausea and dizziness. As with any large nerve resection, there is a theoretical risk of developing a deafferentation syndrome, though arguably the risk is lower if the resection is pre-ganglionic.

title: Occipital neuralgia