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East Hills railway line

The East Hills railway line serves the southern and south-western suburbs of Sydney, Australia. The line opened to East Hills in 1931 and was extended to connect to the Main South Line in 1987. Most services along the line form part of the Airport & South Line operated by Sydney Trains.

Alignment
The East Hills line branches from the Illawarra Line at Wolli Creek Junction, between Tempe and Arncliffe railway stations. From Wolli Creek, the line heads west towards East Hills, where the alignment is within 2 km of the since-constructed M5 South Western Motorway. It then turns south-west through the new suburbs of Voyager Point and Wattle Grove to meet the Main South line at Glenfield Junction. The line is four tracks between Wolli Creek junction and Revesby station, then two tracks to Glenfield junction. The bridge over the Georges River at East Hills, opened in 1987, is the only significant engineering structure on the line.

History
Proposals for a line to East Hills were first raised after World War 1 as an extension of the existing line at Bankstown. In 1923, the Railway Department put forward a proposal for a railway from Tempe to Salt Pan Creek to serve the growing town of Dumbleton (later known as Beverly Hills). Residents west of Salt Pan Creek petitioned the government to extend the line to East Hills.

The New South Wales Public Works Committee approved of construction of a railway from Tempe to East Hills in August 1924 and the bill for construction of the line passed both Houses of the state Parliament in late 1924. A ceremony at Padstow Park commemorating the turning of the first sod by the then-Premier of New South Wales Jack Lang was held in September 1927.

The initial line was to be double track between Tempe and Kingsgrove and single track beyond, although earthworks were to allow future easy duplication of the entire route. Electrification was also to end at Kingsgrove. Construction began in 1927 with the employment of 400 workers, and most of the earthworks were completed in by 1930. Station names were announced in November 1929. They were largely the same as those used today with the exception of Dumbleton (present-day Beverly Hills) and Herne Bay (present-day Riverwood).

The first section to Kingsgrove opened on 21 September 1931 as an electrified double track line from Wolli Creek Junction on the Illawarra Line to Kingsgrove.

The second section, a single-track non-electrified extension to East Hills, was opened on 19 December 1931 by the then-Minister for Local Government James McGirr in a ceremony at East Hills. Points to reverse trains were provided at Kingsgrove, and a passing loop was provided at Herne Bay. Services on this section were by CPH railmotor, supplemented by through steam trains from Central in peak hours. Some electric services from Kingsgrove operated through to St James station (the City Circle was not complete at that time), however most terminated at Tempe, connecting with Illawarra line services to and from the city. Complete through service commenced in 1937. The single line between Kingsgrove and East Hills was opened for electric services on 17 December 1939.

The line was duplicated between Kingsgrove and Riverwood in 1948, with points for terminating trains provided at both stations, and a passing loop at Revesby was opened in 1956. Services generally ran all stations from East Hills via Tempe and Sydenham, to the City Circle. Occasional services terminated at Riverwood, Kingsgrove and Padstow. Most trains stopped at Erskineville and St Peters, now only served by the Bankstown line.

A major link for south west Sydney
In 1985, the line was duplicated through to East Hills and on 21 December 1987 extended to Glenfield to connect with the Main South Line, allowing through services to and from Campbelltown. A new station was provided at Holsworthy, and East Hills station was rebuilt with the addition of a third platform. When services commenced on 21 December 1987, there were only limited services from Campbelltown via East Hills during peak hours only; however, in 1988 an all day half-hourly service was provided. Local (all stations) services generally ran every 15 minutes from East Hills.

In conjunction with the construction of the Airport Line, the section of the East Hills Line between Wolli Creek Junction and Kingsgrove was quadruplicated. Once this was opened, the running patterns of the trains on the lines changed. The "flying junctions" interchange near Central Station was altered to give the Airport Line its own platforms (21 & 23) at Central. Local (all stations) trains generally were timetabled to run from East Hills via the airport, peak hour express trains from Campbelltown run along the original route via Sydenham, taking the express tracks between Kingsgrove and Wolli Creek Junction.

The line as a whole suffered a substantial loss in patronage when the M5 East Tunnel opened in 2002. The tunnel joined the Eastern Distributor and M5 South Western Motorway, shortening road travel times between the city and the south west. The line was estimated to have lost 384,450 commuters over 12 months after the tunnel opened. Since that time, however, the line appears to have gained commuters again, with a reported 3.5% increase in patronage up to early 2006.

An additional platform and turn-back track was completed at Revesby as part of the Rail Clearways Program. From October 2009 it replaced East Hills as the primary turn-back point for local all-stations services on the line.

A second Rail Clearways project involved quadruplicating the section of track between Kingsgrove and Revesby. This enables express services between the Campbelltown area and the city to operate separately from local services between Revesby and the city. The new tracks opened on 15 April 2013. Regional trains heading southwest to Canberra and Melbourne from Sydney Central began to use the East Hills Line to travel through metropolitan Sydney, instead of the Main Southern railway line through Strathfield railway station.

title: East Hills railway line


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Bank of America Roval 400

The  Bank of America Roval 400 is a NASCAR Cup Series race that is held annually at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina, United States, with the other one being the 600 mi Coca-Cola 600 on Memorial Day weekend.

As of the 2018 season, the event is run as a 400 kilometer (248.5 mi) race using the infield road course configuration the track calls "The Roval" due to the combination of the Road Course and Oval. Previously, the race was run at a distance of 500 miles using the regular oval. A. J. Allmendinger is the defending winner of the event.

History

The fall Charlotte race was originally held on the main oval layout until 2017, in which it was a Saturday night race from 2003 to 2016 following a rating boost from the 2002 race being delayed to later in the night (coincided with television primetime hours), although the final two races were held on Sunday afternoon due to rain delays. The 2017 race, the final race on the oval layout, reverted to a Sunday daytime race.

Starting in 2018, the race utilizes a 2.28 mi road course configuration of Charlotte Motor Speedway, with a race distance of 400 km over 109 laps. Ryan Blaney would win the inaugural Roval Cup race after Martin Truex Jr. and Jimmie Johnson collided on the final lap.

Realignment
In 2020, the Bank of America Roval 400 was moved from late September to the middle of October and beheld as the final race of the Round of 12; the Bass Pro Shops NRA Night Race at Bristol Motor Speedway took Charlotte's former spot. Although rain was present, the 2020 races were run without any delays as cars continued in the wet with limited lighting, as was the case in the Xfinity race, making it the first NASCAR Cup race to use wet tires.

Reconfiguration
On May 26, 2024, it was announced on the day of the Coca-Cola 600 that the Roval version would be getting an update.

Past winners

 * 2022: Race extended due to a NASCAR Overtime finish.

Race records
Roval (400 km) – 2022 Race Time: 2:59:54 Average Speed: 86.661 mph

Notable races

 * 2018: After a late-race caution of the inaugural Roval event, Jimmie Johnson made gains on Martin Truex Jr. in the final two laps. Coming to the final chicane on the final lap, Johnson tries to pass Truex Jr. but he lost control of his car, sending it spinning into the chicane and taking out Truex Jr. With both of them taken out, Ryan Blaney overtakes both Johnson and Truex Jr. coming out of the final chicane to earn his first win of the season with a last-lap pass. With Johnson spinning out and finishing 8th, that put him, Kyle Larson, and Aric Almirola in a three-way tie for the cut-line position in the first round of the Playoffs. As most of the field crosses the line, Daniel Hemric spun Jeffrey Earnhardt exiting the final chicane, with Jeffrey's car ended up hitting the outside wall. He corrected his car but ended up stalling mere meters before the finish line, enabling Larson to pass him in a badly-damaged car and give Larson the extra point he needed to bump Johnson out of the Playoffs.
 * 2019: Chase Elliott returned from locking up his brakes and colliding head-on with the turn 1 barrier to win his second road course win of the year.
 * 2020: For the first time in NASCAR Cup Series history, the Cup cars raced in the rain when they declared a wet start for the green flag. Forecast to be a rainy day, the sun came out and remained mostly cloudy, defying the forecast. At the end of Stage 1, drivers decided to forego the treaded tires for the traditional slicks for the rest of the event. Chase Elliott, the defending race winner came down pit road for a loose left front wheel. Just like last year he made his way to the front and pulled away on his way to the win. The win gave him the distinction of just the second driver to win four-straight road-course events with the other being Jeff Gordon. Multiple drivers adjusting to slicks on the damp surface created unpredictable outcomes with cars slipping off track, kicking up grass and spray from standing water.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bank of America Roval 400


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Shanghai maglev train

The Shanghai maglev train (SMT) or Shanghai Transrapid (lit. 'Shanghai Maglev Demonstration Operation Line') is a magnetic levitation train (maglev) line that operates in Shanghai, China. The line uses the German Transrapid technology. The Shanghai maglev is the world's first commercial high-speed maglev and has a maximum cruising speed of 300 km/h. Prior to May 2021 the cruising speed was 431 km/h, at the time this made it the fastest train service in commercial operation.

The train line connects Shanghai Pudong International Airport (also on Shanghai Metro's Line 2) and Longyang Road station (in the outskirts of central Pudong, with transfers to lines 2, 7, 16, and 18), where passengers can interchange to the Shanghai Metro to continue their trip to the city center. The line is not part of the Shanghai Metro network, which operates on its own right-of-way to Pudong Airport.

The journey takes 8 minutes and 10 seconds to complete the distance of 30 km. A train can reach 300 km/h in 2 minutes and 15 seconds, while the historical maximum operational speed of 431 km/h could be reached after 4 minutes.

Construction
Construction of the line began on March 1, 2001, and public commercial service commenced on 1 January 2004. The Shanghai Transrapid project took ¥10 billion (US$1.33bn) and two and a half years to complete. The line is 30.5 km track and has a further separate track leading to a maintenance facility.

The top operational commercial speed of the Shanghai maglev was 431 km/h, making it the world's fastest train in regular commercial service from its opening in April 2004 until its speed reduction in May 2021. During a non-commercial test run on 12 November 2003 a maglev train achieved a Chinese record speed of 501 km/h. The Shanghai Maglev has a length of 153 m, a width of 3.7 m, a height of 4.2 m and a three-class, 574-passenger configuration (End section (ES) 1st class: 56; Middle section (MS) 2nd class: 110; End section (ES) 2nd class: 78).

The train set model (Transrapid SMT) was built by a joint venture of Siemens and ThyssenKrupp from Kassel, Germany in 3 pieces (originally 4 pieces consisting of 6 wagons each were planned) and based on years of tests and improvements of their Transrapid maglev system, especially the Transrapid 08. The Shanghai Maglev track (guideway) was built by local Chinese companies who, as a result of the alluvial soil conditions of the Pudong area, had to deviate from the original track design of one supporting column every 50 m to one column every 25 m, to ensure that the guideway meets the stability and precision criteria. Several thousand concrete piles were driven to depths up to 70 m to attain stability for the support column foundations. A mile-long, climate-controlled facility was built alongside the line's right of way to manufacture the guideways. The train was manufactured in Germany by Siemens-Thyssenkrupp JV (Joint venture).

The electrification of the train was developed by Vahle, Inc. Two commercial maglev systems predated the Shanghai system: the Birmingham Maglev in the United Kingdom and the Berlin M-Bahn. Both were low-speed operations and closed before the opening of the Shanghai maglev train.

The train was inaugurated in December 2002 by the German chancellor, Gerhard Schröder, and the Chinese premier, Zhu Rongji. Initial opening was for tour only, providing a round trip. The train starts from Longyang Rd. Station, speed up to 431 km/h and arrives at Pudong Airport. After very short break, the train returns without opening the door. The price was 150 RMB for normal seats and 300 RMB for VIP seat. The normal operation started on 10 October 2003.

Since 2010, a fourth train of Chinese production (made by Chengdou Aircraft Industries) has been added to the rolling stock. Its design slightly differs from the original Transrapid-trains: separated front lights below the shortened front-windows (instead of being placed behind the windows) and interior design.

Plans for a Maglev network in China
Hans-Dieter Bott, vice president of Siemens that won the contract to build the rail link, stated that "Transrapid views the Shanghai line, where the ride will last just eight minutes, largely as a sales tool. This serves as a demonstration for China to show that this works and can be used for longer distances, such as Shanghai to Beijing". Later, however, the decision was made to implement the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway with conventional high-speed technology. Plans for a shorter maglev extension from Longyang Road to Hangzhou, the Shanghai–Hangzhou maglev line, have been suspended.

Speculation that a line would be built from Shanghai to Beijing mounted in 2002. It would cover a distance of about 1300 km, at an estimated cost of £15.5bn. The chief executive of ThyssenKrupp, Dr Ekkehard Schulz said he was certain that not only Germany, but many countries would follow the Chinese example. The German government along with a selection of German companies sought to win more projects for their maglev technology, and highlighted that a train between Shanghai and the Chinese capital, Beijing remained a possibility. No projects have been revealed as of 2014.

Plans for extensions of the Maglev line
In January 2006, the Shanghai–Hangzhou maglev line extension project was proposed by the Shanghai Urban Planning Administrative Bureau. The extension would continue the existing line towards Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, running via Shanghai South railway station and the Expo 2010 site, with a possible continuation towards Hangzhou. The extension would allow transferring between the two airports—located 55 km apart—in approximately 15 minutes. The section between the two Shanghai airports is also referred to as Airport express line.

The plan for the extension to Hangzhou was first approved by the central government in February 2006, with a planned date of completion in 2010, to be built by Germany's Transrapid consortium (ThyssenKrupp and Siemens). Work was suspended in 2008, owing to public protests over radiation fears despite an environmental assessment by the Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences saying the line was safe and would not affect air and water quality, and noise pollution could be controlled. In January and February 2008, hundreds of residents demonstrated in downtown Shanghai against the line being built close to their homes. The residents were reportedly concerned about potential health hazards, noise, and loss of property value. The Shanghai scheme has a buffer zone around the track that will be 22.5 m wide, which compares unfavourably with German standards that require houses to be 300 m away from the line. Representatives of the residents filed a formal request to demonstrate with the Shanghai Public Security Bureau, which was rejected. According to China Daily, as reported on People's Daily Online 27 February 2009, the Shanghai municipal government was considering building the maglev line underground to allay the public's fear of electromagnetic pollution and the final decision on the maglev line had to be approved by the National Development and Reform commission.

The total length would have been 169 km, of which 64 km would be within the City of Shanghai and 105 km in the province of Zhejiang. Four stations would be built: at the Expo 2010 site in east Shanghai; in south Shanghai; Jiaxing; and east Hangzhou. The proposed design speed was 450 km/h, which would allow the train to travel the distance in just 27 minutes. The total budget of the project was to be 35 billion RMB (about US$5.0 billion as of April 2008).

Another approval was granted in March 2010, with construction to begin in late 2010. The new link was to be 199.5 km long, 24 km longer than the original plan. The top speed was expected to be 450 km/h but limited to 200 km/h in built-up areas.

In October 2010, the non-maglev Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway was opened, bringing travelling time between the two cities down to 45 minutes. Consequently, plans for a Maglev link have been suspended again.

In addition, a new express Airport Link line (机场联络线), which began construction in June 2019 and is due for completion in 2024, would likely stop any future extension.

Ridership
Following the opening, overall maglev train ridership levels were at 20% of capacity. The levels were attributed to limited operating hours, the short length of the line, high ticket prices and that it terminates at Longyang Road in Pudong – another 20 min by subway from the city centre.

 * In February 2003, the Shanghai Maglev train transported 18,000 guests during the first nine days of the Lunar New Year;
 * As of August 31, 2004, the total passenger capacity of Shanghai Maglev trains reached 1.45 million, and the total safe operation mileage reached 1.02 million kilometers;
 * As of the end of March 2006, the cumulative safe operating mileage of Shanghai Maglev trains exceeded 2.4 million kilometers, carrying 6.23 million passengers;
 * On October 1, 2007, the single-day passenger flow of Shanghai Maglev Train exceeded 20,000 for the first time; Anecdotal evidence says that the morning trains are 60-70% full each time they run;
 * In 2010, due to increased tourists from World Expo 2010, the maglev had their largest passenger traffic;
 * Traffic decreased significantly due to the opening of Shanghai metro line 2 east extension rail linking to Pudong Airport. Since then, annual traffic has stabilized to around 3 million in between 2011 and 2014;
 * In 2014 the maglev had 6.6% sharing ratio of landside transport in Pudong International Airport, a decrease from 11.3% in 2005 (metro had a share of 33% in 2014);
 * As of September 5, 2017, Shanghai Maglev trains have transported a total of 50 million passengers and safely operated 16.88 million kilometers.

Operation
The line is operated by Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co., Ltd and runs from 06:45 to 21:42, with services every 20 minutes. Operation hours:
 * Until 2005, the train ran 8:30-15:30. These hours failed to serve a high number of flights from the Pudong airport that leave and arrive early in the morning or late at night;
 * Between 2005 and 2007, the operation hours were extended to 7:00-21:00;
 * From October 2007, operation hours were extended to coincide with the operating hours of the Metro Line 2, 6:45-21:30. Current (2022) operating hours of line 2 are 6.30-23.00; operating hours of the maglev have not been extended.

In addition to the 57 daily two-way services, since October 2016 two additional one-way trains have been added. These depart at 10:15 pm and 10:40 pm from Pudong Airport to Longyang Road.

Pricing
A one-way ticket costs ¥50 (US$8), or ¥40 ($6.40) for those passengers holding a receipt or proof of an airline ticket purchase. A round-trip return ticket costs ¥80 ($12.80) and VIP tickets cost double the standard fare. The price has not changed since the Maglev began operation.

Operating costs
It cost $39.759 million per kilometer to build (10 billion yuan (1.2 billion US dollars) for the line). The line's balance of payments has been in huge deficit since its opening.

In its initial years of operation, the Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co. Ltd, the company that runs the line, had more than one billion RMB in losses. Nevertheless, the line's lack of profitability derives from its construction to envision the future of China's rail infrastructure, such as converting its entire high-speed rail network into maglev, rather than a viable market solution to garner a profit from travelers.

A 2007 statement by Transrapid USA said with 4 million passengers in 2006 the system was able to cover its operating costs. The ratio of costs were given as: 64%-energy, 19%-maintenance, and 17%-operations/support services; no overall amount of expenditures was given. The high proportion of energy costs was attributed to the short trip time and high operating speed. According to Chinese media's report, however, due to the huge costs of operating and the lack of the passenger flow, Shanghai Maglev Transportation Company would lose 500 million to 700 million RMB every year.

Incidents
On August 11, 2006, at 14:40, a Maglev train compartment caught fire after leaving Pudong International Airport. There were no injuries or fatalities aboard. Electrical problems caused the fire according to investigation reports.

On 14 February 2016, the Shanghai maglev line had an equipment failure that affected operation for more than 1 hour. Due to the use of single-line operation during this time, the train interval was extended.

Speed reductions
At launch the Shanghai Maglev had a cruising speed of 431 km/h, this was later reduced to 300 km/h during most of the day, before being reduced to 300 km/h at all times.

Shanghai Maglev Museum
Maglev Station offers Shanghai Maglev Transportation Science and Technology Museum, located at 2100 Longyang Road, Pudong New Area (Shanghai Maglev Train  Station ground floor). Open from 09:00 to 17:30, it showcases Shanghai Maglev related content with an exhibition space of 1250 square meters, containing most of the history and technology of maglev train. The museum is composed of five sections: “Birth of Maglev,” “Maglev Shanghai Line,” “Maglev Technology,” “Maglev Superiorities,” and “Prospects for Maglev.”

title: Shanghai maglev train


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Brandi Brandt

Brandi Angela Brandt (born November 2, 1968) is an American model and actress, who was Playboy's Playmate of the Month for October 1987.

Early life
Brandt was born on November 2, 1968, in Santa Clara, California, to Mike Brandt and drummer, percussionist, and vocalist, Brie Howard-Darling (née Berry). Her parents divorced in 1972 and she split her time with her mother in Los Angeles and her father in Sacramento, California. When Brandt was 12 years old, she met comedic actor Jon Lovitz, who at the time was in a Groundlings class with American Girls bandmate Hillary Matthews. Brandt and Lovitz became friends.

Playboy
At age 18, Brandt appeared as the Playmate of the Month and cover girl for the October 1987 Back To Campus issue of Playboy magazine. She also appeared in Playboy Blondes, Brunettes, Redheads magazine and on the cover with Debi Nicole Johnson and Sandra Wild.

She was the cover model for Playboy's August 1989 Women Of Wall Street issue and appeared on the cover of the March 1990 issue with Donald Trump. An autographed copy of Playboy with President Donald Trump and Brandt on the cover sold at auction for $4,900 by Goldin Auctions and has Trump's recognizable signature scrawled across its cover. The minimum bid was $100, and there were 33 bids on Lot #1338.

Acting and television appearances
Brandt appeared as herself in "Desperately Seeking Miss October", the November 5, 1989 episode of the television sitcom Married... with Children. In the episode, Brandt patronizes the store at which protagonist Al Bundy (Ed O'Neill) works, to purchase a pair of stiletto heels (... black, size 6), setting off a competition to please her between Al and his visiting friend Steve Rhoades (David Garrison). Al recognize her from Playboy. When she asks how much the shoes are, a grateful Al gives them to her for free, explaining to her that she made it possible for Al and Steve to have sex with their wives. In 1989, Brandt appeared as the elevator operator in the beginning of the video for the Aerosmith song "Love in an Elevator".

In 2000, she played Glamorous Gyno-American in the Troma Entertainment film Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV.

Filmography

 * 1987 Can't Buy Me Love (film) as Girl Named Penny In Ferrari
 * 1987 The Joe Piscopo Halloween Party as Dancer
 * 1988 Beach Boys "Kokomo (song)" Music Video as Beach Girl
 * 1989 Married... with Children as herself (1 episode entitled "Desperately Seeking Miss October")
 * 1989 Aerosmith "Love in an Elevator" Music Video as Elevator Operator
 * 1990 Wedding Band (film) (1990) as Serena
 * 1991 Mötley Crüe "Anarchy In The USA" as Stage Guest (with son, Gunner)
 * 2000 Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV as Glamorous Gyno-American
 * 2001 Ticker as Cocktail Waitress

Personal life
From May 1990 to November 1996, Brandt was married to Nikki Sixx, the bassist of heavy metal band Mötley Crüe.

Brandt was involved with a cocaine-trafficking syndicate importing cocaine into Australia between July and December 2007. On November 15, 2013, Brandt was extradited from Los Angeles, California, to Sydney, Australia, to face criminal charges in a Sydney court. In April 2014, Brandt pleaded guilty to a charge of conspiring to import drugs. On August 29, 2014, Brandt was sentenced to up to six years but was eligible for parole in November 2016.

title: Brandi Brandt


text:
Talk:Quink

Comments
I re-wrote most of this article. However, some of it was hard to understand and I could not change the language without the possibility of writing something inaccurate.

 * "Quink" is an amalgam of the words "quick" and "ink," in reference to its main principle, "the world's first quick drying ink".

Was "the world's first quick drying ink" Quink's slogan?

 * With a further refinement in the addition of the chemical SOLV-X which dissolved sediment and cleaned the pen when writing.

This is very confusing. What cleaned the pen while writing? Was it the "further refinement" or the chemical "SOLV-X"? What was the "further refinement"? What exactly is "SOLV-X"?

 * Quink ink is still the world's biggest selling pen ink in this millennium.

Are we talking about 1001 to 2000 or about 2001 until today? How is distinguishing the sales of the ink before and after 2001 relevant?

Eje211 14:52, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Parker "51"
Shouldn't a lot of the 51 stuff be moved to Parker 51? --Jeff Anonymous 05:28, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

-

This article needs big clean-up and very much help from somebody who knows better about inks of Parker. Its factual accuracy is very bad. I am helluva sure, that Quink, Double Quink and Parker 51 Ink are not names of one ink but three different inks. This page may have better information:

--juhtolv 22:38, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

Okay... These Usenet News -threads has very much information about those inks of Parker:

 *
 *

--juhtolv 20:44, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

The Company and the site
Perhaps this is one of those occasions when the company should be asked to provide the necessary information - even if it is mild advertising.

I originally wrote this article and my main source was the book "Parker 51" by David and Mark Shepherd which was written in collaboration with the Parker pen company.

A couple of points raised I believe to be pedantic. My aim in writing this article was to deliver something that was concise and interesting to the average reader wishing to find out about the world's most successful and best selling ink of all time without being bombarded by a lot of specialist information and chemistry.

Responses to points made.

"The world's first quick drying ink" was their slogan, and is implied by the quotation marks. I was trying to keep this thing from being overtly verbose.

The "further refinement" was to the ink with the addition of chemical "Solv-X" which cleaned the pen whilst writing. This seems perfectly clear to me. Solv-X was a chemical that was added to Quink ink to help prevent clogging in Parker 51s. I suggest another article re. Solv-x which I'm sure would create very little interest.

The millenium comment, whilst being a tad rhetorical was in reference to changing trends in what people use to write with in this (so I would assume the years since 2000) day and age. In specific reference to the business model of a maker of hardware making the bulk of it's money out of it's ink, just as modern computer printer manafacturers.

Quink, Double Quink, and Parker 51 ink are all the same inks, insomuch as the Quink we use today is the same as the Quink that was first developed.

The material relating to the Parker 51 is totally relevant as this was the only pen that could originally use the ink. If you put Quink in a Mont Blanc, you'd be very sorry after a short while. I think however the Parker 51 is a pretty poor and under researched article, which is why there is some information in this article that isn't detailed in that.

Hope this sheds light on a few concerns and sorry if you feel my efforts were badly written or unclear.

C. Henson

Superchrome confusion
I'm pretty sure that this article has confused Quink with Superchrome, which was the Parker "51" Ink and was destructive. Quink, excepting the absence of phenol and a reduction in dye density, is pretty much Quink; Superchrome was the alkaline ink that needed a 51's composition and mechanisms to function correctly and nondestructively. --Jeff Lipschultz 20:15, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Actually, there's a triple confusion here. Quink appeared in 1931 and was a quick-drying ink but not the stuff that required the "51". As the '30s wore on, people insisted on even faster drying, and Parker went back to the mixing vats. They came up with an ink that dried so fast that you could run a finger along the page half an inch behind the nib, and there would be no smear. This ink was terribly corrosive due to its alkalinity, and it also contained a very significant fraction of isopropyl alcohol (which is hostile to celluloid). The alkalinity caused the solute (the dyes) to penetrate into the paper (absorption of a sort), and the alcohol was highly volatile so that the solvent (a solution of alcohol and water) flashed off quickly. The invention of this ink prompted the creation of the "51" pen, not the other way around. When the companion products were released, they were both trademarked with the "51" name. In 1948, Parker replaced "51" ink with Superchrome ink, which was similar but not so highly corrosive. This change resulted from the appearance of the aerometric filler with its sterling silver breather tube -- "51" ink would eat the sterling. Well, it turned out that Superchrome would, too, just not as rapidly. (I replace these damaged breather tubes with 316 stainless steel.) Parker withdrew Superchrome in 1956. This left plain old Quink, which had never gone out of production, as the company's only ink offering until Penman appeared in 1993.

Richard Binder • Pens That Write Right! 17:57, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

I think the above comments are right on. Here's a link with more specificity: http://www.pencollectors.com/pennant/fall00/shakehand.html Bottom line: Quink and Superchrome are two different inks. Quink was not the ink that ate cellulose plastics and rubber, Superchrome was, and the "51" was created to work with Superchrome and not Quink (which was intended for use in any pen). Unless some citations are given to refute the challenges (which have existed since 2005), the article should be rewritten. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.178.47.109 (talk) 22:10, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

Quink
Are you sure that "Quink" stands for "quick drying ink"? You might want to check out this web page: http://agham.asti.dost.gov.ph/1998/8th/fun/francis.htm Thanks.

The question is, did Parker buy the patent for Quink?

Coin
I thought Quink was the nae of an old coin. There is a reference to it in the movie Fitzwilly, and it's in the unabridged dictionary--I looked it up shortly after I saw the film. I don't have access to one at the moment, though, and it's not in dictionary.com.--Scottandrewhutchins 16:37, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Photo
Can someone find a picture of a bottle of this ink? The previous picture was removed for CV. RJFJR 23:23, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

I have added a photo. Malpei 22:21, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

name
I thought the word Quink came from Quisumbing's(Francisco Quisumbing)Ink

 * That's a popular element of Filipino mythology.Presidentbalut (talk) 14:29, 29 August 2013 (UTC)

Quink is corrosive
My experience with numerous pen repairs over the last 15 years indicates that Quink is corrosive over the long term, and not suitable for use with celluloid pens. I would never use it on any pen other than the Parker 51. It ruined my Waterman (1950’s vintage) over the years, reducing the section to a sticky mess. You have only to see what Quink cartridges have done to connectors and sections of many Parker 61’s and 65’s to see that Parker seemingly did not accept or remember the ink’s corrosive properties on materials other than Perspex (Lucite) used in the Parker 51.

Laurence Oldfield (www.penpractice.com) October 2009  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.75.36.255 (talk) 20:19, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

Chemists
The article mentions two different chemists as the main chemist behind the development. Can someone shine some light on this? Cleanelephant (talk) 22:13, 12 December 2011 (UTC)

Maybe someone can find the original patent for Quink? I've been hunting unsuccessfully for it. As far as I know the heirs of Quisumbing are trying to get attention, but have not presented any documents for proof. Stellarmusings (talk) 04:06, 23 November 2012 (UTC)

Citation insertion
I have inserted a couple of citations, but the article really needs more, especially due to the fact that claims are made.--Soulparadox 10:01, 9 June 2012 (UTC)

Modern quink has no alcohol according to the MSDS
According to the material safety data sheet of parker quink, the ink is made of: Water, diethylene glycol (111-46-6), dyes, preservatives

This means that modern quink no longer uses alcohol as a solvent and is water based.

http://msdsop.newellrubbermaid.com/downloads/ParkerQuink_96112.pdf — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.30.87.168 (talk) 03:13, 23 May 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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title: Talk:Quink


text:
Fazal Mahmood

Fazal Mahmood PP, HI (18 February 1927 – 30 May 2005) was a Pakistani international cricketer. He played in 34 Test matches and took 139 wickets at a bowling average of 24.70. The first Pakistani to pass 100 wickets, he reached the landmark in his 22nd match.

Fazal played his earliest first-class cricket for Northern India in the Ranji Trophy and strong performances there led to selection for India's inaugural tour of Australia in 1947–48. The independence of Pakistan, prior to the tour led Fazal, a Muslim, to withdraw and choose Pakistan. He played a major role in first gaining Test status for the new nation and then establishing them as a Test match team. He took ten wickets in a Test on four occasions; those against India, England and Australia coming in Pakistan's maiden victories over those teams. Fazal's most memorable performance came on the 1954 tour of England, when he had a leading role as Pakistan won at The Oval to square the series. He took match figures of 12/99, including 6/46 in the second innings as England collapsed chasing a target of 168.

Succeeding Abdul Kardar as captain, Fazal led the national team in 10 matches between 1959 and 1961. He had immediate success against the West Indies but after losing to Australia and a stalemate with India he was sacked as captain. In all Pakistan won two Tests and lost two under his leadership. He retired from Test and first-class cricket following the 1962 tour of England when he was called up to replace injured opening bowlers.

Early life
Born in Lahore, Fazal attended Islamia College, Lahore, from the age of 13. His father, Ghulam Hussain, was a professor of economics at the college as well as being president of the college's cricket club.

Before settling for a career in academia, and despite passing the competitive Indian Civil Service exams, Ghulam Hussain joined the independence movement under the Islamic scholar and revolutionary activist Ubaidullah Sindhi, hoping to throw the British colonialists from a base in Afghanistan through an armed struggle.

He set Fazal a stringent training routine which involved waking at 4:30 am, walking five miles and running five miles. This schedule was adhered to for seven years. Fazal made the college first team in his second year and at the age of 15 took 5/13 in an inter-college final, a record for the tournament.

In British India
In March 1944, Fazal, aged 17 and still at college, made his first-class debut for Northern India. In a Ranji Trophy match against Southern Punjab he batted at number eleven scoring 38 not out and taking three wickets. His maiden first-class wicket was that of India Test all-rounder Lala Amarnath.

In Fazal's second appearance, a semi-final against Western India, he claimed eight wickets including 6/65 in the first innings.

After a quiet 1944–45 season, in which Fazal took five wickets at 18.20, his performances the following season almost led to a place on the 1946 tour of England. Playing in the Zonal Quadrangular Tournament, a competition which acted as a trial for the tour, he opened the bowling for North Zone with Amarnath and took match figures of 9/83. Indian captain Nawab of Pataudi wanted Fazal in the squad but he was considered too young by the other selectors. On the tourists return home they played two matches against a Rest of India XI, Fazal took seven wickets in the first match which the Rest won but was expensive in the second.

Later in the 1946–47 season his batting abilities were displayed when he scored his first and only first-class century. Playing for North Zone he scored exactly 100 not out from number eight, sharing in a 207-run seventh wicket partnership with Gogumal Kishenchand. North Zone won the match comfortably with Fazal contributing six wickets. He took a further five wickets in the final but North Zone lost by an innings. The zonal tournament had again acted as a trial, on this occasion for the country's inaugural tour of Australia in 1947–48. Fazal was included in the squad and attended the training camp, however before the tour began independence intervened and as a devout Muslim Fazal withdrew.

In Pakistan
The maiden first-class match in the newly formed country took place on 27 December 1947 between Punjab and Sind. Fazal played for Punjab, taking six wickets and scoring 60 in an innings victory. The match was the first time that Fazal opened the bowling alongside Khan Mohammad, his future new ball partner for Pakistan. The first international visitors to Pakistan were West Indies in November 1948. The last of three fixtures was against a representative side which contained Fazal, he failed to take a wicket in a drawn match. At the end of the 1948–49 season Pakistan toured Ceylon for four matches, Fazal was the leading wicket-taker with 20 wickets. On the return tour a year later he took 16 wickets in two matches.

A MCC side toured the subcontinent in 1951–52, playing a number of fixtures in Pakistan. In the first match against Punjab they were nearly forced to follow on after Fazal took 5/58. The fifth and final match of the tour was against a Pakistan side on a coir matting wicket at Karachi, Fazal exploited the surface to return figures of 6/40 in the MCC's first innings. The hosts went on to win by four wickets, a victory that played a large part in Pakistan gaining Test status. Pakistan were made Test members on 28 July 1952, less than five years after independence.

First series
In October 1952, Pakistan began their first Test series against India. Fazal made his Test debut in the first match at Delhi, taking 2/92 in India's first innings, his maiden wicket was Indian captain, Lala Amarnath. Pakistan were dismissed cheaply twice to lose by an innings, Fazal was the only Pakistani player to reach double figures in both innings. Pakistan reversed the result in the second Test at Lucknow, played on a jute matting pitch Fazal took 5/52 in the first innings and 7/42 in the second as Pakistan won by an innings in only their second ever Test. His match figures of 12/94 are the best by a Pakistani bowler away from home, and were the best by any bowler against India until 1980.

In the third Test at Bombay Fazal was wicketless as Pakistan lost by ten wickets, although in their first innings he scored 33 batting at number eight, helping Pakistan recover from 60/6 to 143/7.

The final two Tests of the series were drawn, Fazal took six further wickets to finish his maiden series as Pakistan's leader wicket-taker with 20 at 25.60. He also made some lower order contributions finishing with a series total of 173 runs at 28.83.

England tour
A Pakistan Eaglets side, containing Fazal, was sent to England in 1953 in preparation for the following year's tour of the country. While in England, Fazal received coaching from retired England and Surrey fast bowler Alf Gover.

Fazal was made vice-captain to Abdul Kardar for the 1954 tour which would prove a success for both player and team on their first series outside the subcontinent. Fazal began the tour well, taking 11/102 and scoring 67 in the tourists first match against Worcestershire. He continued to take wickets in the lead up to the Test series, and also demonstrated his ability to bowl long and economical spells particularly against Oxford University where he bowled 37 maidens in 68 overs taking 7/95 in the process.

The first Test at Lord's was heavily affected by rain and drawn, batting was difficult in the play that was possible and Pakistan were dismissed for 87 in their first innings. England in response scored 117/9 declared with Fazal and Khan Mohammad bowling throughout the innings, Fazal recording figures of 4/54. In the tour match before the next Test Pakistan played Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge, the tourists won by eight wickets with Fazal taking 11 wickets including a then career best 8/66 in the first innings. The second Test was at the same venue but saw contrasting fortunes as the Pakistanis suffered a heavy innings defeat and Fazal recorded his worst Test figures of 0/148. Although he was suffering with a leg injury which forced him to shorten his run-up. Pakistan faced another innings defeat after three days of the third Test but the match was drawn after rain stopped any play on the final two days, Fazal took 4/107 from 42 overs in England's innings.

Pakistan went to the fourth and final Test at The Oval 1–0 down but caused a major upset by beating England to level the series, it was the first occasion that a country had won a Test in England on their inaugural tour. Fazal played a leading role in the victory claiming match figures of 12/99. In England's first innings he bowled throughout taking 6/53 from 30 overs, Wisden wrote the figures 'would have been much better but for dropped catches'. In a low scoring match, England were set a target of 168 in their second innings. Despite the early loss of Len Hutton, for the second time in the match caught behind off the bowling of Fazal, at 109/2 England looked well set on the fourth evening. However Fazal took the wickets of Peter May, Godfrey Evans and Denis Compton before the close and the next day took the first two wickets to fall as Pakistan completed a 24-run victory. Fazal's finished with second innings figures of 6/46 from 30 overs.

In the series Fazal took 20 wickets, 12 more than the next best Pakistani bowler, at an average of 20.40. He played in only one of the six first-class matches that concluded the tour but still finished as leading wicket-taker with 77 at 17.53. In recognition of his feats, Fazal was named a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1955, the first Pakistani to be honoured.

Home series
Pakistan's first home series came in the 1954–55 season with the visit of India for five Test matches. The series was marked by defensive and dull cricket with all five matches being drawn, the first occurrence of this in Test history. Fazal played in four of the matches and took 15 wickets at 21.93. His best figures came in the fifth Test at Karachi where he took 5/48 in India's first innings.

Later in 1955 New Zealand made their maiden tour to the country, Pakistan completed a first Test series victory, winning 2–0. Fazal played in two of the three Tests and took five wickets at 18.40.

Australia was the next visitors to Pakistan, touring in October 1956 for a single Test prior to their series in India and following the tour of England. In the match at Karachi, Pakistan secured a historic victory in their first Test against Australia. Fazal played a major role in the win, taking Test best figures of 13/114. He took the first six wickets to fall in Australia's first innings leaving the tourists on 52/6, a position they failed to recover from, they were 80 all out. He also took the first four wickets in the second innings and finished with 7/80.

Wisden described his technique: "maintaining an accurate length and varying his swing with a mixture of leg-cutters and breakbacks". Imtiaz Ahmed said that: "Fazal never wavered in length and direction, and he moved the ball both ways intelligently...For one whole over from Fazal in the first innings, even the great Miller had no clue."

Tour of West Indies
Pakistan's tour of the West Indies in 1958 was marked by a number of high scoring Test matches and Fazal had a large workload, sending down over 320 overs in the five Test series including 186 in consecutive Tests. Pakistan lost the series 3–1 and only avoided defeat in the first Test thanks to the 16-hour innings of 337 by Hanif Mohammad.

In the second Test at Trinidad Fazal was Pakistan's most economical bowler collecting six wickets in the process, while as batsman he scored 60 from number 10, his highest Test score and only fifty at international level.

The third Test at Kingston was historic as Gary Sobers scored 365 not out, breaking the Test record for highest individual score. Injuries to fellow opening bowler Mahmood Hussain and spinner Nasim-ul-Ghani meant that Fazal sent down 85.2 overs, what Wisden described as 'a phenomenal number of overs for a bowler of his pace'. Fazal conceded 247 runs in the innings and took the only two wickets to fall.

Fazal's bowling analysis places him fifth in Test history for most overs bowled and most runs conceded in an innings. Pakistan lost the Test by an innings and by losing the next match in Guyana they lost the series.

Pakistan achieved a consolation victory in the fifth Test, Fazal taking 6/83 in the first innings including the wicket of Conrad Hunte with the first ball of the match. Fazal finished the series with 20 wickets at 38.20, despite being one of his worst in terms of average, he was still Pakistan's leading wicket-taker.

Captaincy
By the time of the return tour the following year, Abdul Kardar, captain of Pakistan since their Test election, had retired from Test cricket. Fazal, the nation's leading bowler, succeeded him in the role. In his first Test as captain he won the toss and decided to field, opening the bowling he took the wicket of Conrad Hunte in the first over for the second successive Test. Fazal finished the innings with figures of 4/32 which also included dismissing Gary Sobers for a duck. Fazal took three further wickets in the second innings including both Hunte and Sobers, the latter's wicket was Fazal's 100th in Test cricket, the first Pakistani to reach the landmark. Pakistan completed a ten wicket victory to give their new captain a winning start. Pakistan also won the next Test at Dhaka and therefore completed a series win in the three match rubber. In a low scoring match Fazal played an instrumental role, taking ten wickets in a match for the fourth time in Tests. Put in to bat, Pakistan recovered from 22/5 to make 145. West Indies fared worse, being dismissed for 76 following a collapse of six wickets for 11 runs. Fazal bowled throughout the innings, taking 6/34. West Indies, set 214 in their fourth innings, fell 41 runs short. Fazal taking six of the first seven wickets, the other dismissal that of Sobers by Mahmood Hussain involved Fazal as the catcher. Mahmood finished off the tail to claim four wickets while Fazal ended with figures of 6/66 and a match analysis of 12/100. The latter were the best figures by a bowler whilst captain until 1993, when bettered by Waqar Younis. The third Test, a dead rubber, was won by the West Indies. Fazal dismissed both openers but these were his only wickets in 40 overs. He was the leading wicket-taker in the series with 21 at 15.85.

Australia toured Pakistan at the end of 1959 for a three Test series which they won 2–0, Pakistan's first series defeat at home. In the first Test at Dacca the tourists won by eight wickets, Fazal claimed six wickets including a first innings five-for, 5/71. He missed the second Test at his home city of Lahore, wicket-keeper Imtiaz Ahmed taking over captaincy duties in a match Australia won by seven wickets. Fazal returned for the third Test in Karachi and took another five wicket haul with 5/74 in Australia's first innings. Pakistan gained a lead on first innings but after three early wickets their second innings slowed and the match petered out to a draw. Despite missing a match Fazal was Pakistan's leading wicket-taker for the series, taking 11 at 19.36. These efforts led him to achieve the number 1 ranking in ICC Test Bowlers ranking for 1959.

Pakistan toured India during the 1960–61 season but with little reward as all 15 matches on their tour, including five Tests, were drawn. Just as seven years previous, the series contained dour and defensive cricket as both sides appeared intent on avoiding defeat rather than attempting to win. Fazal won the toss in the first four Tests but only in the third Test at Eden Gardens did Pakistan gain a first innings lead. In that match Fazal took 5/26 off 25.3 overs, but he failed to take a wicket in India's second innings as they batted out time comfortably. Apart from that five-for, his 13th and last in Test cricket, Fazal took only four other wickets in the series. Fazal's captaincy received severe criticism with accusations of favouritism, and following the final Test he was sacked as captain.

Final Tests
Fazal wasn't initially selected by Pakistan for the home series against England but returned for the final Test. He was as economical as ever, conceding 98 runs from his 63 overs, but failed to take a wicket. He wasn't included in the 1962 tour squad to England but was called up as a replacement when fast bowlers Mahmood Hussain and Mohammad Farooq broke down injured. The five match series already lost, Fazal came into the team for the fourth Test at Trent Bridge. He shouldered much of the workload, bowling for all but 30 minutes of the second day and continuing throughout on the third morning until the England declaration, from his 60 overs he took 3/130. In the fifth Test at The Oval, he was expensive taking 2/192 from 47 overs, the two wickets, which proved to be his last in Test cricket, were those of Colin Cowdrey (182) and Ted Dexter (172).

Lancashire League
Fazal spent three seasons as the professional with the East Lancashire Cricket Club in 1957, 1958, and 1959. Playing against albeit excellent amateur cricketers his bowling was devastating. In three memorable seasons he took 4 hat-tricks, with 8 wickets on 2 occasions and 7 wickets on 6 occasions, including 7 for 9 in 1959, and 7 for 26 in 1957.

Police
After leaving Islamia College with a master's degree in economics, Fazal joined the Pakistan Services as an Inspector of Police in 1947 rising to Deputy Superintendent in 1952 and Deputy Inspector General in 1976.

Cinema
Due to his good looks, he had many movie offers : during Pakistan's first tour of India, in 1952–1953, famous director Mehboob Khan offered him a second-lead role in the movie Aan (1952), while well-known American director George Cukor, while on a visit in Lahore and meeting Mahmood, said he would have preferred him as the lead role in his 1956-movie Bhowani Junction, instead of Stewart Granger. He refused them to concentrate on cricket.

Religion
Quitting cricket, he also became more religious in his outlook, and notably published, in 1970, the book Urge To Faith, where he outlines his vision of applying Islamic principles to the economy and social system of Pakistan, and which has been described by journalist Peter Oborne as "a meditation on religion, philosophy and politics. The book demonstrates a profound faith and learning, containing many relevant quotations from the Quran. Fazal doubted whether 'a democracy of western type' was capable of bringing about Islamic justice." He also acted as a muezzin for the local mosque in his old age, and established a school for girls, the Sidra Model School, using the plot of rural land he was gifted after the 1954 Oval victory.

Death
Fazal suffered a fatal heart attack at his Lahore residence on 30 May 2005. His friend and former teammate Hanif Mohammad described Fazal as a "great human being" and "the doyen of Pakistan bowlers in the country's formative years".

His autobiography has been published by the Oxford University Press, in 2003, as From Dusk to Dawn: Autobiography of a Pakistan Cricket Legend.

Fazal Mahmood was married to the daughter of Mohammad Saeed, Pakistani cricket's captain.

Awards and recognition

 * Pride of Performance Award in 1958 by the Government of Pakistan In 2012, he was posthumously awarded Hilal-i-Imtiaz in recognition of his contribution to Pakistan's cricket.

Records and statistics
Fazal was the first bowler in the history of Test cricket to take 12 or more wickets in a Test match against four different countries, those being India, England, Australia, and West Indies. He reached 100 Test wickets in 22 Tests, of Pakistan bowlers only Waqar Younis and Mohammad Asif reached the landmark quicker.

Books

 * Urge to Faith, Lion Art Press, 1970, 352 p.
 * From Dusk to Dawn: Autobiography of a Pakistan Cricket Legend, Oxford University Press, 2003, 241 p.

title: Fazal Mahmood


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SCEGGS Darlinghurst

SCEGGS Darlinghurst is an independent Anglican single-sex primary and secondary day and boarding school for girls, located in Darlinghurst, an inner-city, eastern suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Founded in 1895 as the Sydney Church of England Girls Grammar School, the school's official name was changed to SCEGGS Darlinghurst in 1995. The school has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for approximately 890 students from Kindergarten to Year 12. The school is regularly among the top-performing schools in New South Wales academically. While predominantly a day school, SCEGGS offers a small number of boarding places at St Vincent's College, Potts Point.

SCEGGS is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia (AGSA), and is a founding member of the Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools (AHIGS).

In 2001, The Sun-Herald ranked SCEGGS Darlinghurst second in Australia's top ten girls' schools, based on the number of its alumnae mentioned in the Who's Who in Australia (a listing of notable Australians).

History
On 17 July 1895, a grammar school for girls was officially opened in Sydney under the auspices of the Sydney Diocese of the Church of England. The Sydney Church of England Girls' Grammar School (abbreviated as SCEGGS) commenced in a terrace house at 65 (now 55) Victoria Street, Darlinghurst with one pupil, Mary Watson, one teacher, Miss Janet Uther, and the Principal, Miss Edith Badham. Within a year, the school had increased to 50 pupils enrolled, and moved to "Chatsworth", a larger home in Macleay Street.

By 1900, the school had 100 pupils, including a Kindergarten and junior school. "Barham" in Forbes Street, Darlinghurst was purchased and the school moved there in 1901. The curriculum at the time included English Language and Literature, Geography, Modern and Ancient History, Latin, Classical Greek, Mathematics, French Language and Literature, German or Italian, Needlework and Drilling. Classes in Botany, Geology or other scientific subjects, were also offered to pupils who reached a fair standard of proficiency in their ordinary subjects. Classes in Cookery and Dressmaking were held whenever there was sufficient demand. In 1920 Dorothy Irene Wilkinson became the head following Edith Badham. Wilkinson made unsuccessful appeals for money from the church before she began an internal expansion of the school's facilities. The school roll grew to 365 pupils by 1935.

SCEGGS continued to expand and several branch schools were opened – Bowral (1906–1929) relocated to Moss Vale (1930–1974), Hunters Hill (1912–1915), North Sydney (1911–1941) becoming Redlands (1945–1976), Wollongong (1955–1976) and Loquat Valley (1967–1976).

In 1974, financial difficulties arose due to the controller of the Anglican Diocesan schools misappropriating school funds, threatening the school with closure. Within two years, contributions from the school community and the Sydney Diocese ensured that the original school, SCEGGS Darlinghurst, was not closed but continued to operate. Moss Vale was forced to close in 1974, and two years later, Redlands, Wollongong and Loquat Valley became schools independent from SCEGGS Darlinghurst, and have been governed by their own boards ever since.

A not-for-profit company limited by guarantee, SCEGGS Darlinghurst Limited, was formed in 1976, under a Board of Directors, to govern the school. On the school's Centenary in 1995, the school changed its name from Sydney Church of England Girls' Grammar School, Darlinghurst to SCEGGS Darlinghurst.

Campus
SCEGGS Darlinghurst has expanded from a terrace house in 1895 to a campus incorporating a chapel, primary school, classroom blocks, assembly hall, science and library block, auditorium, sports hall, senior study building, lecture theatre, play house, Great Hall and performing arts centre and many more. From 1965 to 1983, a preparatory school was operated at Bellevue Hill for boys and girls up to Kindergarten age. A new music centre has also been added, including a renovated church to be used for performances etc.

House system
The house system was introduced in 1926 by Miss Wilkinson to help generate school spirit and sporting enthusiasm, encourage good conduct and to provide girls with opportunities for taking on responsibility. House competitions are held in various sports, in music, drama, science and debating.

 * Badham – named after Edith Badham, first headmistress (1895–1920) and founder and first president of the Old Girl's Union. Colours: red and gold.
 * Barton – named after Edmund Barton, first Prime Minister of Australia (1901–1903), Justice of the High Court (1903–1920) and father of Jean "Muffie" Barton, pupil 1895–1899. Colours: red and white.
 * Beck – named after Ernest Beck, member of the school council (1895–1906) and second school chaplain (1901–1928). Colours: blue and gold.
 * Christian – named after Lydia Christian, member of the school council (1897–1919) and mother of Lilian Mary Christian, pupil 1895–1896. Colours: red and black.
 * Docker – named after Wilfred Law Docker, first treasurer of the school council (1895–1919). Colours: blue and black.
 * Langley – named after John Douse Langley, first secretary of the school council (1894–1927) and bishop of Bendigo (1907–1919). Colours: green and gold.

Notable alumnae

 * Media, entertainment and the arts
 * Ethel Anderson – writer and painter
 * Gillian Armstrong – film director
 * Blanche d'Alpuget – biographer
 * Anne Davies – Sydney Morning Herald journalist and MEAA identity
 * Tania Davis – musician
 * Ursula Dubosarsky – author
 * Susanne Gervay – author
 * Claudia Karvan – actress
 * Julie McCrossin – MC/comedian
 * Pamela Stephenson – comedian and therapist
 * Zoe Terakes – actor
 * Sarah Wynter – actor

 * Medicine and science
 * Elizabeth Elliott – Professor of Paediatrics, Sydney University
 * Joan Freeman – nuclear physicist, Rutherford Medal and Prize winner
 * Tanya Monro – physicist, academic
 * Vera Ramaciotti – philanthropist (established the Clive and Vera Ramaciotti Foundation for biomedical research)

 * Politics, public service and the law
 * Virginia Bell – a Puisne Justice of the High Court of Australia, since 2009
 * Liz Kernohan – Liberal politician
 * Olive Kelso King – World War I ambulance driver
 * Kay Patterson – Liberal senator and former health minister
 * Esme Tombleson – Member of Parliament in New Zealand, and multiple sclerosis advocate
 * Margaret Whitlam (née Dovey) – champion swimmer, social worker, wife of the 21st Prime Minister of Australia, Gough Whitlam, and a former Australian National Living Treasure

 * Business
 * Kirstin Ferguson – Company director, Deputy Chair of Australian Broadcasting Corporation
 * Roxy Jacenko – Businesswoman
 * Sport
 * Samantha Marshall – swimmer, Commonwealth Games silver medallist and Malcolm Fraser's granddaughter
 * Amy Parmenter – netballer
 * Freda Du Faur – Mountaineer, credited as the first woman to climb New Zealand's tallest mountain, Aoraki / Mount Cook

title: SCEGGS Darlinghurst


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Maybanke Anderson

Maybanke Susannah Anderson (née Selfe and also known as Maybanke Wolstenholme; 16 February 1845 – 15 April 1927) was an Australian suffragist and education reformer involved in women's suffrage, Federation of Australia and the Free Kindergarten Movement.

Early life
Maybanke Selfe was born at Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom, near the city London. She was the daughter of Henry Selfe, a plumber, and his wife Elizabeth (née Smith), and was the sister of Norman Selfe and a cousin of Eadward Muybridge, who migrated to the United States in 1850. Her family migrated to Australia as free settlers in January 1855 when she was nine years old. Twelve years later in September 1867, Maybanke married Edmund Kay Wolstenholme, a timber merchant. The couple had seven children between 1868 and 1879, four of whom died from a heart condition before the age of five. Her son, Harry Wolstenholme, was a lawyer and keen amateur ornithologist. The Wolstenholmes built a large house called 'Maybanke' in Marrickville. The later years of the marriage were unhappy; Edmund had a number of business failures and became an alcoholic, leaving the family in 1884. Maybanke had to wait for the passage of the Divorce Amendment and Extension Act in 1892 before she could divorce Edmund on the grounds of "three years of desertion." The divorce was finalised in 1893. After the divorce, she was supported financially by her brother, the renowned engineer Norman Selfe, with whom she would later campaign for education reform.

In 1885 Maybanke opened Maybanke School, a girls' school that she operated in her home preparing girls for the University of Sydney entrance examination. Operating for 10 years, the school was later known as Maybanke College.

Woman suffrage activist
Following her divorce, Maybanke took an active role in the promotion of women and children's rights. She became especially active in the women's suffrage movement; she believed that the vote was 'the kernel for all reform'. She was vice president of the Women's Literary Society started by her friend Rose Scott. Many of the society's members would go on to form the Womanhood Suffrage League of New South Wales (WSL) on 6 May 1891. In 1893 Maybanke was elected to the WSL presidency, and founded the Australasian Home Reading Union in the same year. The Union was a program to promote induction by organising small study groups in rural areas.

In 1894, Maybanke began publishing the fortnightly newspaper Woman's Voice. The paper ran for 18 months, drawing women's attention to suffrage issues at the national and international level.

During the depression of the 1890s, she pioneered the Free Kindergarten Movement. In 1895, she established the first free kindergarten in Australia at Woolloomooloo as the president of the Kindergarten Union, helping the children of working mothers.

The WSL's attempts to have suffrage implemented by the New South Wales government were not fruitful; however, in 1897, Maybanke decided to petition the 1897 Federal Convention in Adelaide. She reasoned that this would have the women's vote written into the Federal agenda. Thus, the women from South and Western Australia who already had the vote could not have it taken from them, and if there was suffrage at the federal level, it would flow down to the states. At this time, she also became involved in the pro-federation movement. She served as its president for several years. Maybanke resigned from the WSL in 1897. Suffrage was extended to the women of New South Wales in 1902.

Maybanke was inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2001 in recognition of her achievements.

Marriage and travel
In 1899, Maybanke married her second husband, Sir Francis Anderson. Anderson was the first Professor of Philosophy at the University of Sydney. They travelled and worked together on voluntary projects, including campaigning to have women stand for local government. She was active with the National Council of Women of New South Wales, and worked closely with the University Women's Society. Maybanke died in St Germain-en-Laye, Paris on 15 April 1927.

title: Maybanke Anderson


text:
Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/May 30, 2005

Please remove the paragraph ending ". Thanks. -- 14:53, 30 May 2005 (UTC)


text:
Content-addressable network

The content-addressable network (CAN) is a distributed, decentralized P2P infrastructure that provides hash table functionality on an Internet-like scale. CAN was one of the original four distributed hash table proposals, introduced concurrently with Chord, Pastry, and Tapestry.

Overview
Like other distributed hash tables, CAN is designed to be scalable, fault tolerant, and self-organizing. The architectural design is a virtual multi-dimensional Cartesian coordinate space, a type of overlay network, on a multi-torus. This n-dimensional coordinate space is a virtual logical address, completely independent of the physical location and physical connectivity of the nodes. Points within the space are identified with coordinates. The entire coordinate space is dynamically partitioned among all the nodes in the system such that every node possesses at least one distinct zone within the overall space.

Routing
A CAN node maintains a routing table that holds the IP address and virtual coordinate zone of each of its neighbors. A node routes a message towards a destination point in the coordinate space. The node first determines which neighboring zone is closest to the destination point, and then looks up that zone's node's IP address via the routing table.

Node joining
To join a CAN, a joining node must:

 * 1) Find a node already in the overlay network.
 * 2) Identify a zone that can be split
 * 3) Update the routing tables of nodes neighboring the newly split zone.

To find a node already in the overlay network, bootstrapping nodes may be used to inform the joining node of IP addresses of nodes currently in the overlay network.

After the joining node receives an IP address of a node already in the CAN, it can attempt to identify a zone for itself. The joining node randomly picks a point in the coordinate space and sends a join request, directed to the random point, to one of the received IP addresses. The nodes already in the overlay network route the join request to the correct device via their zone-to-IP routing tables. Once the node managing the destination point's zone receives the join request, it may honor the join request by splitting its zone in half, allocating itself the first half, and allocating the joining node the second half. If it does not honor the join request, the joining node keeps picking random points in the coordinate space and sending join requests directed to these random points until it successfully joins the network.

After the zone split and allocation is complete, the neighboring nodes are updated with the coordinates of the two new zones and the corresponding IP addresses. Routing tables are updated and updates are propagated across the network.

Node departing
To handle a node departing, the CAN must

 * 1) identify a node is departing
 * 2) have the departing node's zone merged or taken over by a neighboring node
 * 3) update the routing tables across the network.

Detecting a node's departure can be done, for instance, via heartbeat messages that periodically broadcast routing table information between neighbors. After a predetermined period of silence from a neighbor, that neighboring node is determined as failed and is considered a departing node. Alternatively, a node that is willingly departing may broadcast such a notice to its neighbors.

After a departing node is identified, its zone must be either merged or taken over. First the departed node's zone is analyzed to determine whether a neighboring node's zone can merge with the departed node's zone to form a valid zone. For example, a zone in a 2D coordinate space must be either a square or rectangle and cannot be L-shaped. The validation test may cycle through all neighboring zones to determine if a successful merge can occur. If one of the potential merges is deemed a valid merge, the zones are then merged. If none of the potential merges are deemed valid, then the neighboring node with the smallest zone takes over control of the departing node's zone. After a take-over, the take-over node may periodically attempt to merge its additionally controlled zones with respective neighboring zones.

If the merge is successful, routing tables of neighboring zones' nodes are updated to reflect the merge. The network will see the subsection of the overlay network as one, single zone after a merge and treat all routing processing with this mindset. To effectuate a take-over, the take-over node updates neighboring zones' nodes' routing tables, so that requests to either zone resolve to the take-over node. And, as such, the network still sees the subsection of the overlay network as two separate zones and treats all routing processing with this mindset.

Developers
Sylvia Ratnasamy, Paul Francis, Mark Handley, Richard Karp, Scott Shenker

title: Content-addressable network


text:
Talk:Dongseong of Baekje

Gonji and relationship to Munju of Baekje is ...
, Erkan Yilmaz 17:51, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dongseong of Baekje


text: Talk:Goi of Baekje

title: Talk:Goi of Baekje


text:
Talk:Luca Turilli

This article reads like it was written by him
That's all.
 * There's no timestamp (and I don't care enough to check the diff) but I wandered in here through this and sure enough... needs some cleanup. Will try to tag it. --Ouro (blah blah) 06:45, 3 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Edit history says it all: User:Lturilli. Coincidence? --Ouro (blah blah) 06:49, 3 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Article definitely needs cleanup. Article definitely comes off as promotional material, and I'm not really seeing many reliable sourced material. HorrorLover555 (talk) 03:52, 15 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Luca Turilli


text:
Talk:Columbia Records

Coming modifications
I am currently overhauling the American Record Corporation (ARC) page, and soon I will be updating this page for that period ONLY. So if you are not interested in the 1930s-40s, carry on. There is no way I am letting all my research go partially to waste, and allowing two varying accounts on wikipedia. Check that page if you want preview. Tillywilly17 (talk) 05:49, 24 June 2022 (UTC)

DONE 6/25 made the main changes and additions I wanted -- 1938 rebirth with sale date & amt (from court docs in CBS shareholders squabble 1941), new addresses corp and studio and official name, date place of new Columbia Records all future entities would be built on. Without expanding article, I want to add more detail and remove some bad parts. will do in the future on my own time Please contact me if I messed anything up, or you want to expand any info I noticed there is very little on the 1939. 1940 1941 1942 years etc. Missing all the Frank joins 'Columbia', Harry James, Benny and Okeh early Country Gene Autry, Ted Daffan, Bob Wills Okeh was no.1 in early 40s I got all studio info too NYC Chicago LA no charge or grumbles Tillywilly17 (talk) 04:13, 26 June 2022 (UTC)

Have added mucho detailing the 1931 to 1939 period, which was almost empty, now fat. Bad time for Columbia, but very important to set up the 40s, which also needs content, moving towards the LP section. Wallerstein introduced, labels and artists introduced, need to add content on Duke, Harry James, Gene Autry and Pistol Packin Mama, biggest hit of WWII, inspired troops to victory. Columbia become top label in 1940s, not a word at present, but I will cover. Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer sold 20 million right. I will look up notes and get good references and accurate number.Tillywilly17 (talk) 10:47, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

Executives section - Is this for current execs or Columbia Hall of Fame?
I added

Edward Wallerstein – Chairman & CEO (1939-51)

seemed like the right thing to do

I have plenty more in my notes

what is the cutoff? Executive vp? Sgt-at-arms?

8 Executives[edit source] Ron Perry – Chairman & CEO Jennifer Mallory – GM Stephen Russo - EVP & CFO Abou "Bu" Thiam – EVP Edward Wallerstein – Chairman & CEO (1939-51) Tillywilly17 (talk) 15:51, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Columbia Records


text: User talk:196.3.54.241

title: User talk:196.3.54.241


text: User talk:24.206.97.165

title: User talk:24.206.97.165


text: Talk:Gusu of Baekje

title: Talk:Gusu of Baekje


text:
Prometheus Radio Project

The  Prometheus Radio Project is a non-profit advocacy and community organizing group with a mission to resist corporate media consolidation and radio homogenization in the United States. Founded in 1998 by a small group of radio activists in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Prometheus has participated in the community radio movement by providing technical training, helping marginalized communities gain access to affordable media outlets, and creating a network of low power community radio stations. A lot of Prometheus' efforts have over-time been focused on legal advocacy for low-power FM (LPFM) stations.

Origins
The Prometheus Radio Project emerged from Radio Mutiny, an unlicensed station located in West Philadelphia that broadcast during the mid-1990s. In 1998, the FCC shut down Radio Mutiny, prompting the station's organizers to hold a protest at Benjamin Franklin's printing press where they vowed to teach people to build ten more stations for everyone that was shut down. Subsequently, former pirate broadcasters involved with Radio Mutiny established the Prometheus Radio Project. The organization's mission was to advocate for new low-power FM licenses and assist community groups in establishing independent radio stations.

Prometheus Radio Project v. FCC
In 2003 the Federal Communications Commission, under Chairman Michael Powell, sought to significantly relax media outlet ownership regulations. In Prometheus Radio Project v. FCC, a number of broadcasters and citizens groups, including the Consumer Federation of America, the National Council of Churches of Christ, and Media Alliance, sued to prevent the FCC from following through on the decision. Prometheus was represented by Andrew Jay Schwartzman and Cheryl Leanza of the Media Access Project. On September 3, 2003, the U.S. Third Circuit Court of Appeals issued a stay which prevented the new rules from being enforced pending the outcome of the litigation. In 2004, the majority ruled 2–1 in favor of Prometheus and mandated the FCC re-examine its media ownership rules. They ruled that a "diversity index" used by the FCC to weigh cross-ownership (of radio, television and newspapers) employed several "irrational assumptions and inconsistencies." Dissent by Chief Judge Anthony Joseph Scirica noted that the majority were simply employing their own assumptions.

The Supreme Court later turned down an appeal, so the decision stands. The FCC was ordered to reconfigure how it justifies raising ownership limits.

Barnraisings
In the spirit of the Amish barn-raising tradition, where a community comes together and erects an essential structure, Prometheus holds radio barnraisings. These events bring together the local community with community radio advocates from around the world to build a community radio station, while advancing the movement for media democracy. Prometheus barnraisings gather Low Power FM radio advocates, journalists, radio engineers, students, lawyers, musicians, activists and other folks from across the country to build a studio, raise an antenna mast, and put the station on air for the first time – all over the course of three days. At a typical barnraising, the organization invites expert facilitators to lead workshops on a wide variety of topics, like understanding the workings of the FCC, introductions to various aspects of radio engineering, updates on media and democracy campaigns, and how radio can promote social change today. In the inclusive spirit of Prometheus's mission, the events are open to the public.

Prometheus has held eleven community radio barnraisings to date: Prometheus has also been active internationally, working with groups in Guatemala, Nepal, Colombia, Jordan, Kenya, and Tanzania.
 * WRYR-LP – February 16–18, 2002 – Deale, Maryland with South Arundel Citizens for Responsible Development.
 * KOYO-LP – April 12–14, 2002 – Oroville, California with the Bird Street Media Project (originally KRBS-LP).
 * KOCZ-LP – November 15–17, 2002 – Opelousas, Louisiana with the Southern Development Foundation.
 * KYRS-LP – October 24–26, 2003 – Spokane, Washington with Thin Air Community Radio (who later launched a full-power station KYRS).
 * WCIW-LP – December 5–7, 2003 – Immokalee, Florida with the Coalition of Immokalee Workers.
 * WSCA-LP – September 10–12, 2004 – Portsmouth, New Hampshire with Portsmith Community Radio.
 * WRFN-LP – April 1–3, 2005 – Pasquo, Tennessee with Radio Free Nashville.
 * WXOJ-LP – April 5–7, 2005 – Northampton, Massachusetts with Valley Free Radio.
 * WRFU-LP – November 11–13, 2005 – Champaign-Urbana, Illinois with Radio Free Urbana.
 * KPCN-LP – August 18–20, 2006 – Woodburn, Oregon with Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste.
 * WMXP-LP – June 8–10, 2007 – Greenville, South Carolina with the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement.
 * WGXC-FM – September 24–26, 2010 – Hudson, New York with Free103point9.

Prometheus Involvement with the Local Community Radio Act
For many years, Prometheus has strived to gain community members and nonprofit groups a fair share of the radio spectrum. Most recently, Prometheus was involved in the passing of the Local Radio Community Act. The act, proposed in 2009, opened up a portion of the radio spectrum to low-power community radio stations (LPFMs). Before then, community members could apply for licenses for full-power stations, which are five to ten times as expensive as LPFMs. Those groups who did not have the capital to build a full-power station were forced into piracy.

The Prometheus Radio Project did everything possible to ensure the passage of the Local Community Radio Act. Members of the organization discovered that while the bill circulated in Congress, secret holds were put on it to prevent its passage. People who opposed the bill, like Senator Gordon Smith – the president of the National Association of Broadcasters – were persuading other senators to vote against it. The moment the Prometheus Radio Project found out about this, members began contacting all the citizens they could. They encouraged their contacts to call their senators to show they were aware of these holds. Their efforts turned out to be successful when the Local Community Radio Act was finally passed in 2010.

What signing this act means is that “the FCC [has] a new mandate to expand low power radio,” says Brandy Doyle, Policy Director for the Prometheus Radio Project. However, the FCC will not begin to automatically hand out licenses. Doyle states that “we think the FCC will need to do a rulemaking to clarify the intent of the new law and update the rules going forward.” (Doyle) Because of this act, more groups will soon start to apply for licenses and they will need a lot of support in order to “navigate the process” says Vanessa Maria Graber, Community Radio Director at the Prometheus Radio Project. Now, however, “many low power stations are under a significant and substantive threat of encroachment.” Low Power FM Encroachment Report, 2/15/2005. Encroachment is something that Prometheus will have to work on combating next.

Prometheus, saw the act's passage as an opportunity to give a voice to local community radio and bring community radio to urban areas.

Prometheus' current Outreach Campaign involves the contacting and support of groups wishing to attain their own low-power FM community radio station.

title: Prometheus Radio Project


text:
Wanya Morris

Wanyá Jermaine Morris (born July 29, 1973)  is an American singer, best known as a member of the R&B group Boyz II Men. He competed on the twenty-second season of Dancing with the Stars.

Boyz II Men
In 1987, Morris, who sang in the school's choir along with the members of Boyz II Men (then called Unique Attraction), joined the group and became a permanent member as a freshman. After signing to Motown in 1991, they released their debut album, Cooleyhighharmony. Boyz II Men would quickly start to climb music charts with songs such as "I'll Make Love to You" (1994) and "Water Runs Dry" (1995). In 1996, the group released the single "One Sweet Day" with Mariah Carey. Boyz II Men are best known for their vocal harmonies. Morris sings tenor vocals in the group. After the success of "I'll Make Love to You", the same year, Morris appeared in the group Black Men United as he performing with Boyz II Men for the single "U Will Know", which originally featured on the Jason's Lyric soundtrack written by future neo soul musician D'Angelo and produced by Brian McKnight.

Morris still tours with Boyz II Men as of 2023.

Television and film appearances
Morris was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on season 22 of Dancing with the Stars on March 8, 2016. He was partnered with professional dancer Lindsay Arnold. Morris and Arnold made it to the semifinals of the show, but were then eliminated and finished the competition in fourth place overall, despite having the highest accumulative average at the time of their elimination.

Additional television and film appearances include: the music documentary film Happy on the Ground (2013), The Odd Couple (2016), Whose Line is it Anyway? (2017), Hollywood Darlings (2017), To Tell the Truth (2017), Long Shot (2019) and Celebrity Wheel of Fortune (2021).

Morris appeared in the Christmas special, A Very Boy Band Holiday, in December 2021. He also performed during I Can See Your Voice in March 2022.

Personal life
Morris married Traci Nash in 2002. They have six children together, including four sons who are in a R&B boy band called WanMor, and two daughters. Morris married Amber Reyes in 2019 without being legally divorced from Traci. Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Boyz II Men member Shawn Stockman attended the wedding.

Singles

 * "Brokenhearted" with Brandy from Brandy (1994)
 * "I'll Be There" with Mariah Carey from Fantasy: Mariah Carey at Madison Square Garden (1995)
 * "Let It Out" with Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes from Eye Legacy (2009)

Unofficial solo projects

 * Millennium Renaissance (compilation) (2000)
 * Unreleased (mixtape) (2007)

Other appearances

 * "Come for More" (song from Uninvited Guest film as Mo)  (2000/2001)
 * "Happy in Hell" (song with Colt Ford from Declaration of Independence album) (2012)
 * “BLOW MY LOAD” (song with Tyler the Creator, Dâm-Funk and Syd from CHERRY BOMB album) (2015)
 * The After Party (band with NSYNC’s Joey Fatone and AJ McLean & Nick Carter of Backstreet Boys) (2021)

title: Wanya Morris


text:
User:William M. Connolley/Todo

 * sundog ...it's a duplicate of information on halo (optical phenomenon), as this and the sun pillar page were merged by somebody into halo (optical phenomenon) a while back. Neurophyre 00:27, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I think the edits you did on Runge's phenomenon made it wrong, but I can't proof it. For a general continuous function the polynomial error does increase when increasing the degree of the interpolating polynomial, even when using Chebyshev nodes.MathMartin 21:26, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Ferrel cell
 * Gravity
 * Recent CO2 graph for that page - peat fires stuff
 * Merging solar var?

title: User:William M. Connolley/Todo