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Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing

Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing (RLL) is an auto racing team that has participated in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship and the IndyCar Series. Headquartered in Zionsville, Indiana and Hilliard, Ohio, it is co-owned by 1986 Indianapolis 500 winner Bobby Rahal, former television talk show host David Letterman, and businessman Mike Lanigan. The team won the Indianapolis 500 twice, first in 2004 with Buddy Rice driving and then in 2020 with Takuma Sato.

The team was established in 1991 as Rahal/Hogan Racing, became Team Rahal in 1996, and was known as Rahal Letterman Racing from May 2004 until December 2010. Throughout the team's history in IMSA with factory partner BMW, the team has run under the name BMW Team RLL.

CART IndyCar World Series (1991–2003)
Following the 1991 CART season, Bobby Rahal left the Galles-Kraco Racing team. Despite consistent top finishes, Rahal won only two races from 1989 to 1991. Likewise, Danny Sullivan left the Patrick Racing team, following a dismal season with the Alfa Romeo engine. The two drivers essentially swapped rides. Sullivan joined Galles, and Rahal signed with Patrick in September 1991.

By the winter of 1991, however, Patrick Racing started to collapse due to financial and legal issues regarding the Alfa Romeo engine. Ilmor had refused to supply the Chevy/A engine to Patrick due to rumors that one of the Chevrolet Indy car engines had been provided to Alfa-Romeo.

To ensure that Rahal would not be racing an uncompetitive engine in 1992, Patrick sold his assets to Rahal and his new partner Carl Hogan, who was able to secure a supply of Chevy engines. A new team was formed, known as Rahal/Hogan Racing, with key personnel from Patrick Racing, such as team manager Jim McGee, moving over to the new organization.

In 1992, the team won the IndyCar World Series title on their first try, with owner-driver Bobby Rahal driving a Lola T92/00 to 4 victories during the season.

In late 1992, Rahal/Hogan absorbed the Truesports racing team, which Rahal had started his CART career with. The team moved its headquarters from Indianapolis to Hilliard, into the old Truesports facility. Along with the acquisition, they took over the Truesports "All-American" chassis program. Rahal began the 1993 season with an updated version of the Truesports chassis, with the intention of introducing a brand-new Rahal/Hogan chassis later in the year.

A second-place finish at Long Beach offered some promise. The success was short-lived, however, as the chassis proved uncompetitive on ovals. After Rahal failed to qualify at Indianapolis, the team switched to a more conventional Lola, while team driver Mike Groff entered several more races in the R/H-001. Eventually, the team abandoned the chassis project.

In 1994, Rahal/Hogan introduced the Honda HRX Indy V-8 engine to the IndyCar World Series, having performed development testing for the engine throughout the 1993 season, but split with the manufacturer after Rahal finished a disappointing tenth place in the standings.

At Indianapolis, the engine proved uncompetitive, and Rahal risked missing the race for the second year in a row. He borrowed two Penske-Ilmor machines and finished third in the race. In 1996, Carl Hogan left the team and started his racing operation. As a result, the team changed its name to Team Rahal and Hogan started Hogan Racing.

In early 1996, Rahal's longtime friend, and avid race fan, comedian David Letterman, purchased a small share of the team.

Over the next few years, the team would employ Bryan Herta, Max Papis, Kenny Bräck, Jimmy Vasser and Michel Jourdain Jr., getting closest to another title in 2001, when Bräck finished 2nd in points. Rahal himself retired from driving at the end of 1998.

Full-time (2004–2008)
The team changed its name again to Rahal Letterman Racing in May 2004. For the 2005 season, RLR's three drivers were Buddy Rice, who won the 2004 Indianapolis 500 while driving for the team, Vítor Meira, who finished second in the 2005 & 2008 Indianapolis 500s, and Danica Patrick, who finished fourth in the 2005 Indianapolis 500 and had the highest finish of any female driver (3 previous) in the history of the Indianapolis 500. Also in the 2005 Indianapolis 500, former team member Kenny Bräck, who was replaced by Rice when he suffered a serious injury in 2003, replaced Rice when he was injured in pre-race practice. Rice was able to recover in time to race in the next IndyCar race. The Rahal Letterman team had high hopes for 2006. Meira had left the team after the 2005 season to join Panther Racing. He was replaced by Paul Dana who brought an Ethanol sponsorship. The team placed three cars in the top eight for the Toyota Indy 300 during March 25, 2006, qualifying (Patrick third, Rice sixth, Dana ninth), and expected good things to come the next day for the race at Homestead-Miami Speedway.

During the final practice Sunday morning, Vision Racing's Ed Carpenter crashed in turn two and the car slid down the 20-degree banking. Dana, who seemed to not receive the signal from the spotter, ran into the gearbox section of Carpenter's car, sending Dana's car flying on the backstretch. Dana died in the hospital later that afternoon, and the entire team, including Patrick and Rice, withdrew immediately.

Patrick and Rice raced together at St. Petersburg with the third car vacant out of respect, but effective the Bridgestone Indy Japan 300 at Motegi, Japan, Jeff Simmons was added as the team's third driver. In mid-2006 the team switched from Panoz to Dallara chassis. Rice finished 15th in points, Patrick finished 9th, and Simmons finished 16th.

Before the 2006 Monterey Sports Car Championships, Rahal Letterman Racing announced that the team would be fielding a Porsche 997 GT3-RSR in the American Le Mans Series in 2007.

For the 2007 IndyCar Series, RLR fielded two cars, one for Simmons and one for IndyCar veteran Scott Sharp. They were unable to find sponsorship to field a third car for 2004 Indianapolis 500 champion Buddy Rice, who moved to Dreyer & Reinbold Racing. However, after 11 races, the team released Simmons and picked up former Champ Car driver Ryan Hunter-Reay, who earned a 7th-place finish at the Honda 200. Consistent finishes gave Ryan and the team the Rookie of the Year award despite making only six starts.

In the 2008 IndyCar Series season, RLR fielded just one car driven by Ryan Hunter-Reay. The team scored a win at the IndyCar Series event at Watkins Glen International and Hunter-Reay finished 8th in points. However at the end of the season, the team's ethanol promotion council sponsorship left and it was unable to find full-time sponsorship for 2009.

Part-time (2009–2011)
RLR did not participate full-time in the 2009 season due to a lack of sponsorship. With the sponsorship of DAFCA they participated in the 2009 Indianapolis 500, where driver Oriol Servià, after starting on the ninth row, advanced to tenth place but completed only 98 laps before being forced to quit due to mechanical problems.

In 2010, the team again failed to secure sponsorship for the full season. At the 2010 Indianapolis 500, the team arranged a one-race sponsorship entry for Graham Rahal. Rahal ran in the top ten until a blocking penalty shuffled him back in the standings, and he finished 12th.

In December 2010, Mike Lanigan, former co-owner of Newman-Haas-Lanigan Racing with Carl Haas and actor Paul Newman, became co-owner of what was renamed Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing.

The team signed Jay Howard to drive the #88 car with Service Central sponsorship for the 2011 Indy 500. Bertrand Baguette also joined the team at the 500. Howard finished 30th after losing a wheel following a pit stop on lap 61, while Baguette would lead 11 laps late in the race before needing to pit for fuel with 3 laps to go. He would finish 7th.

Full-time return (2012–present)
The team returned to full-time IndyCar competition for 2012, running a single Dallara-Honda for Takuma Sato, who achieved two podium finishes at São Paulo and Edmonton. Michel Jourdain Jr. returned to the team in a second car for the Indianapolis 500, where Sato came close to victory, crashing out on the final lap while attempting to pass Dario Franchitti for the lead.

On April 30, 2014, the team made history with Engage Mobile Solutions when four members of the RLL team including driver Graham Rahal and three members of the pit crew wore Google Glass to show an IndyCar Series pit stop from the unique perspective of each person on the racing team.

After rotating through a series of drivers, including Jourdain, Jay Howard, and Mike Conway, Graham Rahal returned to RLL to contest the full 2013 season. Rahal struggled during the 2013 and 2014 seasons with only four top-5 finishes. However, he would have a breakout year in 2015, snapping a six-year winless streak at Auto Club Speedway and dueling Justin Wilson to win at his home track at Mid-Ohio. Rahal would end the 2015 season fourth in points after consecutive bad races at Pocono and Sonoma.

For 2016, the team remained a single-car team but added Indy Lights champion Spencer Pigot to the lineup for three races. Rahal would take a win at Texas Motor Speedway by only .008 of a second.

During 2017 the team would watch another two wins, with Graham Rahal taking back-to-back victories at Detroit.

In 2018, RLL would re-sign Takuma Sato, who had previously won the 2017 Indianapolis 500 for Andretti Autosport. Sato would score his first win for the team at the 2018 Grand Prix of Portland, and would win twice more in the 2019 Indycar season, at Barber Motorsports Park and World Wide Technology Raceway at Gateway respectively. Sato won his second Indianapolis 500 in 2020, his first with RLL Racing. Rahal finished in 3rd position. The team also ran a third car for the first time in a race 2019 Indianapolis 500, with Jordan King finishing in 24th place.

In 2021 RLL again expanded to three cars, with Graham Rahal and Takuma Sato driving two full-time entries while several drivers would drive a third car on a part-time basis. The car would be backed by Hy-Vee, a supermarket chain in the Midwestern United States. Initially, the third car was only scheduled to run the 2021 Indianapolis 500 with Santino Ferrucci behind the wheel but after Ferucci's top ten finish in the 500 Hy-Vee gave additional sponsorship for the car to run at Detroit, Mid Ohio, and Nashville with Ferucci driving four races. After the Nashville round the team announced the third car would be run at the Big Machine Spiked Coolers Grand Prix and the final three races by different drivers in place of Ferrucci; Danish Formula 2 and current Alpine F1 Academy driver Christian Lundgaard would drive the car at the Big Machine Spiked Coolers Grand Prix on the IMS Road Course with the car backed by MiJack while Oliver Askew would drive the car at Portland, Laguna Seca, and Long Beach backed by Hy-Vee. During the season Ferrucci, Askew, and Lundgaard would all test the third car in shootout style tests to determine who would get the full time drive in the third car in 2022.

For 2022 Takuma Sato would depart the team. The #45 Hy-Vee car would be driven by Jack Harvey, who was signed from Meyer Shank Racing. The team announced on October 20, 2021, that Christian Lundgaard had won the opportunity to drive the #30 car full time and would sign a multi-year deal to compete with RLL full time from 2022 onward. In 2024 Pietro Fittipaldi replaced Harvey as a full-time entry and Takuma Sato returned to the team as a fourth driver in the Indy 500. In July of 2024 Lundgaard announced that it would be his final year with the team and that he would be moving to Arrow McLaren in 2025.

2007 (Porsche)
In 2007, Rahal Letterman Racing fielded a Porsche 911 GT3 RSR for nine of the twelve races. The team's best results came as a second-place finish at Road America and a third-place finish at Petit Le Mans. The team finished 4th in the GT2 team championship with Tommy Milner and Ralf Kelleners 6th in the driver's championship.

2009–13 (BMW)
After one year hiatus, the team returned to the series in 2009 with factory support from BMW and thus held dual nationality team licenses (Germany and United States). The team fielded two M3 GT2's, the #90 driven by Joey Hand and Bill Auberlen and the #92 driven by Tommy Milner and Dirk Müller. After a troubled season, the #92 car finished second at the 2009 Petit Le Mans. The team finished 3rd in the team championship with Milner and Müller 4th in the driver's championship.

In 2010, the team continued their relationship with BMW and the American Le Mans Series. Despite only winning one race at Road America, Rahal Letterman Racing won the team championship while Bill Auberlen and Tommy Milner 3rd in the driver's championship.

2011 was an even more successful year for the team. After a one-two finish at the 2011 12 Hours of Sebring the RLL Racing team would win two more races. Despite fierce competition from Corvette, Ferrari, and Porsche, Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing claimed the GT Teams and Manufacturers championships, While Joey Hand and Dirk Müller won the drivers championship. This was the second team championship for the team with the M3.

In 2012, the team returned to the American Le Mans Series for their 4th year with the BMW M3. After winning their second 12 Hours of Sebring in a row, the team, lacking the speed to the brand new Porsches and Corvettes, would win only one more race at Road America. Despite their deficit in pace, the team finished the season 2nd in the championship with driver Dirk Muller finished 4th, the highest of the BMW team drivers.

Further developing their relationship with BMW Motorsport, the Rahal Letterman Lanigan team campaigned two brand new Z4 GTE cars, replacing the BMW M3 GT2's. Despite being their first season with the car, the team claimed several GT poles, a 1–2 victory at Long Beach, and a win at Lime Rock Park. The team finished the season 2nd in the Teams' and Manufacturers' Championships behind Corvette Racing.

IMSA SportsCar Championship
For 2014, the team continued with its Z4 GTE cars but under the newly formed United SportsCar Championship (which became the IMSA SportsCar Championship starting with the 2016 season). The team would manage four second-place finishes at Daytona and Laguna Seca with the #55 car and Long Beach and Road America for the #56 car. Dirk Müller and teammate John Edwards would finish seventh in the GTLM Drivers' Championship with Bill Auberlen and teammate Andy Priaulx eighth.

For 2015, the team would make several changes to its lineup, this time with ALMS champion Lucas Luhr replacing Müller in the No. 24, and Auberlen being teamed with Dirk Werner in the No. 25. Both teams would take wins during the season, with Edwards/Luhr winning at Laguna Seca, and Auberlen/Werner taking two wins at Long Beach and Austin. Auberlen/Werner would finish second in points to Porsche factory driver Patrick Pilet for the drivers championship. The 24 team also finished 2nd in the teams championship to the Porsche 911 team and BMW finished 2nd to Porsche in manufacturer championship.

For 2016, the team switched to the new BMW M6 GTLM, and the No. 24 team was assigned the Number 100 in celebration of BMW's 100th anniversary. The 25 team finished 7th in the drivers championship and the 100 team in 9th, with neither team winning.

In 2017, the 100 team reverted to the #24, with Martin Tomczyk replacing Luhr as Edwards' teammate, and Alexander Sims as Auberlen's new partner in the 25. The teams returned to their winning ways, with the 25 team (Auberlen/Sims) winning the 6 Hours of the Glen, Petit Le Mans and the Canadian Tire Motorsports Park event and finishing 2nd in the drivers championship. The 24 team (Edwards/Tomczyk) won at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca, but finished 7th in the championship. The four victories also elevated BMW to 2nd in the 2017 GTLM Manufacturers championship, losing to Chevrolet by just 6 points.

In November 2017, Auberlen was named a BMW Brand Ambassador, and thus stepped down as a full-time driver for 2018. He was replaced by Connor De Phillippi as Sims' full-time partner in the 25 team. Edwards also had a partner change at the 24 team, with Jesse Krohn replacing Tomczyk. RLL also updated to the new BMW M8 GTE. The 25 team (Sims/De Phillippi) won at VIR and Laguna Seca and finished 6th in the 2018 drivers championship, while the 24 team (Edwards/Krohn) finished the season 8th with no race victories.

For 2019, the 24 driver team will remain intact, but Tom Blomqvist was announced to replace Sims as De Phillippi's full-season partner in the 25 team. However, due to delays with his U.S. Visa, Blomqvist had to miss the 2019 24 Hours of Daytona. He was replaced at Daytona by Augusto Farfus, who, along with co-drivers De Phillippi, Colton Herta and Philipp Eng, won the race in the GTLM class. However, the cars scored only three additional podiums combined, so they ranked 6th and 7th in the GTLM drivers standings.

In 2020, the #24 car won the 24 Hours of Daytona and got five additional points, ending second in points. Meanwhile, the #25 car won the 6 Hours of Atlanta plus three more podiums, placing fourth in points.

BMW reduced its budget for the 2021 season, so RLL only entered the four endurance races. In a depleted GTLM field, they scored six podiums combined but no wins.

IMSA dropped the GTLM class before the 2022 season. RLL joined the new GTD Pro class with the new BMW M4 GT3. The #25 runs full-time, whereas the #24 is an endurance-only entry.

The team was announced to join the IMSA GTP class in 2023 with two LMDh-spec BMW M Hybrid V8s. The team took their first victory in the class at the 2023 Sahlen's Six Hours of The Glen.

Jaguar I-Pace eTrophy
On 28 November 2017, it was announced that the team was to be the first to confirm entry to the I-PACE eTROPHY. The team confirmed that they will run two cars in the series. Katherine Legge and Bryan Sellers are part of the current line-up.

IndyCar drivers

 * IndyCar driver Paul Dana was fatally injured in final practice for the March 26, 2006 Toyota Indy 300 at Homestead-Miami Speedway, and never officially recorded a start in the IndyCar Series with the team. After sitting out the Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg, Jeff Simmons was named to drive the Ethanol #17 entry for the balance of the 2006 season. Midway through the 2007 season, Simmons was fired and replaced with Ryan Hunter-Reay.

CART FedEx Championship Series results
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position) (results in italics indicate fastest lap)
 * The Firestone Firehawk 600 was canceled after qualifying due to excessive g-forces on the drivers. Kenny Bräck was given one bonus point for qualifying on pole.

IndyCar Series results
(key) * Season still in progress

 * 1)  Paul Dana was killed during the final practice session of the 2006 Toyota Indy 300.
 * 2)  Non-points paying, exhinition race.
 * 3)  The final race at Las Vegas was canceled due to Dan Wheldon's death.
 * 4)  Run in conjunction with Scuderia Corsa.

Complete Global Rallycross Championship results
(key)

Complete Jaguar I-Pace eTrophy results
(key)

* – Season still in progress.
 * Notes:

title: Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing


text:
Talk:Ray Martin (television presenter)

POV?
This article reads like a press release written by channel 9. I certainly don't consider him a good journalist. Anyone ever actually _watch_ ACA? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bumnut (talk • contribs) 10:16, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
 * His pay packet and staying power all these years says otherwise. 202.191.107.40 12:44, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Well, for one, he got dropped from ACA due to poor ratings. Against Naomi Robson no less. Are you saying she's a better journalist? He's a presenter, not a journalist. And the amount he gets paid is not any kind of useful metric for how good a journo he is. Personally, I think he's an absolute tosser, but I don't go writing that in the article. As it is, the article gives a pretty glowing description of him, let's not make it an all out glurge. Bumnut 00:41, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

What? Have you actually considered the scope of Ray Martin's career? His career as a journalist has spanded over 40 years, and you dont consider him a good journalist? In my opinion, he is the greatest journalist in Australian television history. A journalist is required to report and present. Ray Martin has been claimed by many to be the "prince of all interviewers." Why would the ledgendary Kerry Packy send this so called "tosser" to interview Prince Charles, or the great Sir Donald Bradman? Furthermore, he did not get dropped from ACA, he left on his own accord because of terrible producers. After a year of firings at channel 9, Ray Martin is STILL there. If he was not good enough for ACA, then why would he still be at channel 9? I agree that ACA is a crap show, and that is why Ray left it. He is simply too good for ACA, and even for 60 minutes for that matter. That is why he is channel 9's senior correspondent - he is the best in the business. I have met this wonderful bloke, and consider him to be among the best in the world. A "tosser" would not have lasted this long at such a newsworthy television station. Packer would have fired him long ago, and you know that. And may i remind you that "Midday" was one of the most popoular shows on Australian television. He is too good for ACA. Better than anyone else. That is why he has won 5 gold logies - for most popular television personality - equal to Graham Kennedy. Get your facts right. Unsigned 22:46, 21 December 2006 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.227.168.58 (talk) 11:48, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

The issue of whether or not he is a good reporter is irrelevant. This is an encyclopedia, not a forum for expressing opinions. You say 'get your facts right', you seem to be missing the point that this is not an issue of fact, but opinion. Open Encyclopedia Brittanica and you wont find under anyone's biography statements like 'X is widely considred to be...' etc. Statements like that have no place in factual documents. State his achievements and longevity all you like, but leave it for the reader to decide whether or not he is any good. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.91.9.190 (talk) 13:02, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

Picture
Not to anyone reading this, find a better picture of raymartin, it looks like someone used a webcam to snap a picture off their broken TV 202.191.107.40 12:44, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 * A broken tv that had Vaseline spread thick all over it 202.191.107.40 12:45, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Criticism:
The Criticism para has been re-inserted. The previous editor's deletion on the grounds of potential libel is spurious. The entry complies with Australian defamation law, with the defences of truthful comment and valid literary criticism. Someone is being too precious. The previous editor who removed the entry on the grounds of bias is also being too precious, as the entries regarding Martin's support for Dr Holt's "microwave therapy" are entirely truthful and referenced. Martin falsely raised the hope of those suffering cancer and their families, for which he is being justly criticised.

In the meantime go to the NHMRC website announcing the release of their Report at http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/news/media/rel05/holt.htm

Finally, who is protecting Martin from IP address 58.172.129.216? — Preceding unsigned comment added by BogongMoth (talk • contribs) 00:50, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Why was the previous Jon Safran bit edited? It now reads like a Ray Martin fan site. Safran was criminally assaulted by Martin. The episode was catured on film. I've seen it with my own eyes. It is exquisite irony - "Why aren't you at work Ray? It's 9.00 o'clock!" Martin is exposed for the hypocrite he is. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.45.172.214 (talk) 13:25, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

Consider including a link to the wiki page re frontline Frontline (Australian TV series). It's obvious that rob sitch was portraying martin in the third series and i agree with others above that this page should better reflect how martin is actually regarded in australia, which can be done objectively with reference to frontline. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Paulb wiki (talk • contribs) 09:35, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

Unsourced materials
I like Jpeob's reason for deleting the John Safran section for being unsourced althought this WHOLE article is unsourced and yet Jpeob does not delete the other sections (e.g. Awards, etc). This article smells like an advertisement/press release for Ray Martin as someone suggested. Jpeob, are you Ray Martin or do you work for him? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.143.116.158 (talk) 23:19, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't know what has happened to the rest of this discussion and I can't be bothered going through the edit history to find out. But can I suggest along these lines that something may need to be done about this ‘pesky’ section on J. Safran, to put it very loosely in Martin's own words, according to [//www.smh.com.au/entertainment/lunch-with-ray-martin-20140423-37487.html#ixzz2zuTAygNI this primary source] and this secondary source (for those who don't want the paywall)?
 * Observations:
 * It is unlikely that this incident is significant enough to warrant its own section; though maybe it deserves a subsection. Perhaps it could be listed under a section body like Controversy or something similar? This is what I have seen in other Wikipedia articles of a similar biographical nature.
 * There are some potentially unnecessary verbs here.
 * “infamous” is a bit risky without sources, unless one of the primary and/or secondary sources I referenced above could be used.
 * “Harassed” is a very strong word for an encyclopedic, non-journalistic point of reference. “embarrass” is equally strong. Something like “confront” would very likely provide a more neutral tone.
 * This particular article section is awkwardly worded and unhelpful to the Wikipedia community; and ironically, it may also be equally unhelpful to both Ray Martin and John Safran. I would fix this myself but would like some input firsst.
 * I would even go so far as to suggest that until this whole section can be fixed up propperly, maybe it should be temporarily if not indefinitely removed altogether.
 * p.s. Can people please stop tamperring with evidence by almost categorically deleting nearly everything in this talk page section on Safran? It's a free community with free content but fair play gives a fair go all round. The last person to comment also didn't provide a signature as per the appropriate convention. Cheers.
 * Njsch (talk) 06:16, 18 June 2022 (UTC)
 * HiLo48, is there anything that can (or even should) be done here? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Njsch (talk • contribs) 07:55, 18 June 2022 (UTC)
 * HiLo48, is there anything that can (or even should) be done here? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Njsch (talk • contribs) 07:55, 18 June 2022 (UTC)
 * HiLo48, is there anything that can (or even should) be done here? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Njsch (talk • contribs) 07:55, 18 June 2022 (UTC)

Grace, Indigenous
No mention of why he changed his surname from Grace to Martin. No mention of his indigenous heritage. --  Jack of Oz    ... speak! ...   11:19, 8 August 2010 (UTC)

 * What? You can't be serious? This bloke actually claims indigenous heritage? What a farce. Just shows he will say and do anything for sympathy, attention and self-promotion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.45.74.30 (talk) 02:29, 7 February 2012 (UTC)
 * His great-great grandmother was an Aboriginal. I can't imagine why anyone would disbelieve this.  --   Jack of Oz   [Talk]  13:46, 29 May 2013 (UTC)
 * This talk section is no longer necessary as it has been addressed briefly in this article section. The claim from IP address 121.45.74.30 is a slander and looks a bit potentially trollish (clearly they couldn't be bothered to make an effort to make a proper user account anyway). There was an hour-long documentary hosted by Martin, aired on SBS, where he investigated and traced his aboriginal heritage.
 * p.s. I have fixed up some of the earlier comments which were not appropriately adhering to talk page conventions for replies to comments.
 * Njsch (talk) 07:00, 18 June 2022 (UTC)
 * p.s. I have fixed up some of the earlier comments which were not appropriately adhering to talk page conventions for replies to comments.
 * Njsch (talk) 07:00, 18 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Njsch (talk) 07:00, 18 June 2022 (UTC)

 * It's good that the Aboriginal ancestry issue is now properly addressed in the article. However, we don't normally delete old talk page discussions. They help to explain how the article came to be the way it is today. As for the silly comments from the IP editor, they are well responded to in a non-inflammatory way. They have been debunked. No edits have come from that IP address since those comments above. Again, nothing to worry about. HiLo48 (talk) 07:19, 18 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the clarification HiLo48, I'm pretty new to this! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Njsch (talk • contribs) 07:53, 18 June 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Ray Martin (television presenter)


text:
File:TMVTremulantEP.jpg

Cover art to "Tremulant EP" by The Mars Volta, released by Gold Standard Labs in 2002.

title: File:TMVTremulantEP.jpg


text:
Worldwide (Audio Adrenaline album)

Worldwide is the seventh full-length album released by Audio Adrenaline in 2003.

The album won 2004 Grammy Award for Best Rock Gospel Album.

Critical reception
The album was well received by critics. Steve Losey, of AllMusic, gave the album 4 stars out of 5 while praising both Mark Stuart's vocals and Tyler Burkum's playing. John DiBiase, of Jesus Freak Hideout, gave the album 3.5 stars out of 5, writing that the album "offers some of the most memorable moments for the band". Despite criticizing the track "Start a Fire" for contrasting too much with the rest of the album, DiBiase closes his review by saying "Worldwide is a great album to start off a promising year for releases in CCM and will easily be one of the best projects of 2003".

Commercial performance
The album peaked at No. 116 on Billboard 200.

Music videos
Two live music videos were released for the songs "Church Punks" and "Leaving Ninety-Nine".

Track listing
Note
 * appears on Adios: The Greatest Hits

Personnel

 * Mark Stuart - lead vocals
 * Tyler Burkum - lead vocals, guitars
 * Will McGinniss - bass, vocals
 * Ben Cissell - drums, vocals

title: Worldwide (Audio Adrenaline album)


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Talk:Wraith (Stargate)

Race-summary box
If any article that doesn't already have one (i.e. that box for Stargate races with specs, homeworld, governing body, first appearance, etc. that the Asgard have) deserves it, it's this one. But I can't put it in; my computer freezes up every time I try. Could someone do that? LD 21:16, 16 August 2005

OK, now that it's done, it's all messed up, and I can't fix it; not only does it look wrong, the bgcolor is off. I'm afraid of another crash, so HELP! LD 21:16, 16 August 2005

Wraith abilities
I'm an avid fan of the show, and I've noticed that this article is missing a couple of things about the Wraith; mainly their superhuman strength and speed. On a couple of episodes, such as the Defiant One and a few others, they show specifically just how strong a Wraith is. On the defiant One, they show that a Wraith is able to leap upwards with great ease, and on the episode with Ellia, it shows a Wraith leaping down from above, from on top of a tree branch, and striking Dr. Beckett with enough force to knock him a good ten, fifteen feet away. And that's not telekinesis right there, because he had to strike Dr. Beckett to knock him away. If it were telekinesis, it'd be tactile telekinesis. Another example would be the strength Lt. Col. Sheperd displayed when he became infected and began to mutate. The man could leap like a grasshopper! Also, remember on the defiant one and the episode where Lt. Col. Shepard became infected with the modified retrovirus? On the defiant one, Shepard noted that the Wraith was rather fast, covering great distances rather quickly, faster than they could of covered. And in the episode where Shepard was infected and mutating, they noted that He moving way too fast for a normal Human to be moving. So, I think we should re-edit the text to include the Wraith's superhuman strength and speed. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Celestialphoenixreborn (talk • contribs). 18:34, 8 February 2006

plot
the 'hypothetical' at the end of plot should probably be removed. i could surmount a huge amount of plots that could occur, why should this one be included? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.178.164.83 (talk • contribs) 15:13, 27 September 2006

Origin of the wraith
— Preceding unsigned comment added by Gjeremy (talk • contribs) 00:00, 24 September 2006
 * 1. If the wraith evolved by sucking the blood of the ancients than in order for the wraith to be 100 times more numerous they would have had too suck the blood of 99% of the ancients.
 * 2. It would take decades at best for the wraith to evolve to the point of space travel capable of destroying the ancients.
 * 3. The wraith can not survive without human food.
 * 4. Why would the ancients allow there people to be killed off for decades allowing the wraith population to grow and evolve to the point of space travel capable of destroying the ancients.

Shield Technology
The statement about the Wraith lack shield technology because of their lack of technological sophistication is false. They do possess shield tech, we've seen that some of the laboratories are shielded. It is assumed that they never equiped their ships with shield tech because their only major adversary (Lanteans) had weapons tech that would render shields useless. And therefore didn't waste the resources to equip their ships with it. Ancient Drones bypass shields altogether, and Ancient beam cannons punch through any known defense, shields & thick hulls included. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.150.36.30 (talk • contribs) 06:37, 6 May 2007

title: Talk:Wraith (Stargate)


text:
Negative Creep

"Negative Creep" is a song by the American rock band Nirvana, written by vocalist and guitarist, Kurt Cobain. It is the seventh song on their debut album Bleach, released in June 1989.

Early history
"Negative Creep" was written by Cobain in 1988. To date, no demo version of the song has appeared on official releases or bootlegs.

Bleach
"Negative Creep" was one of nine songs recorded during Nirvana's third studio session, in December 1988 and January 1989 at Reciprocal Recording in Seattle, Washington, that were released on their July 1989 debut album, Bleach. According to producer Jack Endino, the band, featuring then-drummer Chad Channing along with Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic, recorded as quickly as possible, with the intention of recording a full album rather than an EP as requested by their then-label, Sub Pop. In a 2004 interview with Rob Nash of The Independent, Endino recalled that the band would record the instruments "in one or two takes," and Cobain would then record the vocals in usually a single take.

Post-Bleach
"Negative Creep" was debuted live on February 25, 1989, at the Husky Union Building at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. The song remained a set list regular for the next four years, until its final live performance on April 9, 1993, at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California. It was jammed on briefly during Nirvana's MTV Unplugged appearance in November 1993, after being requested by an audience member, but both Cobain and Novoselic said that they no longer knew how to play it.

Music
"Negative Creep" has been described as one of the "Sub Popiest" songs the band ever recorded, and "a text book example of Seattle's true grunge sound". The studio version is the only Nirvana recording that employs an extended fade-out while the vocals are still present.

Several critics have noted the intensity of Cobain's vocals on the studio recording, with Mark Richardson of Pitchfork writing:

"'Cobain's voice through the second verse terrifies me. There is no concern for his physical well being or even his future as a vocalist in a rock band. He sings as intensely as he can possibly sing. Sometimes, when I'm listening loud, I think my headphones might be breaking up from the volume only to realize that the membrane being excited to the point of distortion is actually Cobain's larynx.'"

Lyrics
In his 1993 Nirvana biography Come As You Are: The Story of Nirvana, Michael Azerrad described "Negative Creep" as "a first-person narrative from an antisocial person," with that person being Cobain himself. James Jackson Toth of Stereogum called it a "chilling ode to social awkwardness" during which "Cobain, sounding like a cross between Lemmy and a gargoyle, acknowledges his position as a shadowy outsider–even revels in it."

Steve Fisk, who produced Nirvana's Blew EP in 1989, offered an alternate theory of the song's meaning, saying that "I got told it was about the guy who lived across the street from the duplex and would come over while Kurt was gone to try to smoke [Cobain's then-girlfriend] Tracy [Marander] out."

The song received some criticism from members of the Seattle music scene in the late 1980s because of the lyric, "Daddy's little girl ain't a girl no more," which closely resembled the lyrics to "Sweet Young Thing Ain't Sweet No More" by Nirvana's Sub Pop label mates Mudhoney. According to Azerrad, Cobain claimed the similarity was an example of "subconscious theft."

Reception
In a July 1989 review of Bleach, Edwin Pouncey of the NME called the song "glorious" and wrote that it was "a leash strainer of a song that eventually gets loose and goes on the rampage like a rabid Rottweiler. Fab!"

Legacy
In 2015, Rolling Stone placed "Negative Creep" at number 15 on their ranking of 102 Nirvana songs. In 2022, Revolver named it one of the "10 Heaviest Grunge Songs of All Time," with Eli Enis writing that "for every glimpse at future pop-rock supremacy on Bleach, there's another song like this, a motorik, almost thrashy ripper that sees Kurt Cobain spitting back his own ugly self-perception — 'I'm a negative creep and I'm stoned' — with the wiry wrath of the picked-on kid finally taking a swing at his bully." In 2023, PopMatters included it on their list of "The 10 Heaviest Nirvana Songs," with Dean Brown calling it "one of the most violent songs in Nirvana’s back catalogue" and "metal to the bone." The same year, the A.V. Club ranked it at number 25 on their list of Nirvana's "30 greatest songs".

"Negative Creep" appeared in the 1996 grunge documentary, Hype!, and was included in the film's soundtrack. It also appeared in the bonus CD included with the 1995 book Screaming Life: A Chronicle of the Seattle Music Scene, which collected the photographs of acclaimed music photographer, Charles Peterson.

Other releases

 * A live version, recorded at the Pine Street Theatre in Portland, Oregon on February 9, 1990, was released on the 20th anniversary "Deluxe" version of Bleach, which featured the full Pine Street show as bonus material.
 * A live version, recorded at Sir Henry's in Cork, Ireland on August 20, 1991, appeared on the live video, 1991: The Year Punk Broke, released in 1992. This version featured Cobain singing the first verse of the song in falsetto.
 * A live version, recorded during the band's performance at the Paramount Theatre in Seattle, Washington on October 31, 1991, appeared on the live compilation, From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah, released in November 1996. The full show was released on DVD and Blu-Ray as Live at the Paramount in September 2011.
 * A live version, recorded at the Paradiso in Amsterdam, the Netherlands on November 25, 1991, was released on the 30th anniversary "Super Deluxe" version of Nevermind, which featured the full show on CD and Blu-Ray.
 * Two additional live versions, from the band's shows at The Palace in Melbourne, Australia on February 2, 1992, and at the Nakano Sunplaza in Tokyo, Japan on February 19, 1992, also appeared on the 30th anniversary "Super Deluxe" version of Nevermind.
 * A live version, recorded on February 22, 1992, at Pink's Garage in Honolulu, Hawaii, appeared on the live video Live! Tonight! Sold Out!!, released in November 1994.
 * A live version, from the band's performance at the 1992 Reading Festival in Reading, England on August 30, 1992, appeared on Live at Reading, released in November 2009 on CD and DVD.

title: Negative Creep


text:
Rough Guides

Founded in 1982, Rough Guides Ltd is a British publisher of print and digital guide book, phrasebooks and inspirational travel reference books, and a provider of personalised trips. Since November 2017, Rough Guides has been owned by APA Publications UK Ltd, the parent company of Insight Guides.

With the company's personalised trip service encompassing over eighty destinations, and 200 guidebooks covering 180 destinations, Rough Guides is a multi-faceted travel platform, with global sales of 100 million guidebooks since their inception.

Company history
The first Rough Guide, The Rough Guide to Greece, was conceived and written by Rough Guides’ founder Mark Ellingham in response to a gap in the market for well-written guidebooks offering practical, low-budget information. Published by Routledge & Kegan Paul in 1982, the guide's popularity resulted in Ellingham being made Series Editor and commissioning more guidebooks.

In the mid-1980s, Ellingham and three fellow editors, John Fisher, Jack Holland and Martin Dunford, bought the Rough Guides titles from Routledge and set-up as an independent publisher. By the early 1990s, around 100 Rough Guides were in print. With detailed cultural and historical coverage, a contemporary journalistic approach, extensive maps, and practical advice, the guides gained a following among travellers seeking authentic experiences.

At the same time, the company expanded to cover a broader range of topics, with an early guide to the Internet selling over four million copies. The company also contributed to developing a BBC TV series, Rough Guides, which ran for almost a decade. Later editions of the show, usually hosted by Magenta Devine, were repeated on the Sky Travel channel until 2005.

In 1995, when Rough Guides were selling around a million books a year, Mark Ellingham entered into a pioneering agreement with HotWired Ventures, the digital offshoot of Wired Ventures, the then-publisher of WIRED magazine. The deal offered free online access to the full text of The Rough Guide to the USA via the World Beat section of HotWired. Ellingham stated at the time that publishing the guides online would facilitate easier updates. "If you could send me an e-mail from Senegal saying this hotel's closed down, I would just key it in," he told the San Francisco Chronicle. "The online book would take on a life of its own".

In 1995 the company was sold to Penguin Books, which was already managing book distribution. Initially, Penguin bought half the company's shares. When the process was completed in 2002, Rough Guides was integrated into Penguin's travel division.

In May 2007, Mark Ellingham said he had grave concerns about the growth of air travel because of its growing contribution to climate change. He launched an awareness campaign with Tony Wheeler (Lonely Planet founder), and Rough Guides began including a "health warning" in each of its travel guides, urging readers to "Fly less, stay longer". In November 2007, after celebrating "25 Rough Years" with a series of celebratory books, Ellingham left Rough Guides to set up a new imprint, GreenProfile, at Profile Books.

In 2017, APA Publications purchased Rough Guides.

Since April 2019, Rough Guides have offered a free downloadable eBook with every purchase of a print guide.

Travel guides, phrasebooks and Inspiration books
Travel guides continue to be a key component of Rough Guides, with over 100 million copies sold worldwide. The current list comprises 200 guidebooks covering 180 destinations. Purchase of any Rough Guide offers free access to an eBook edition of the same content.

Covering countries, cities and regions, books in the main Rough Guides series provide travellers with practical area-by-area information, with maps, recommendations, and cultural and historical contexts.

Rough Guides also publish pocket guides and mini guides covering global destinations. Guidebooks in the British Breaks series cover UK cities, coastal areas and islands. Rough Guides’ Staycation series covers UK destinations in a pocket format, with a focus on walking and driving routes.

Rough Guides phrasebooks are published in a pocket-sized format, with a 7000-word bilingual dictionary and free app. Rough Guides’ large format, photographic Inspiration series includes The Rough Guide to the 100 Best Places on Earth, The Rough Guide to the 100 Best Places in the USA, and The Rough Guide to the 100 Best Places in Scotland.

In 2023, Rough Guides launched a personalised gift book service.

Personalised trips
In November 2018, Rough Guides launched a personalised trip service. Allowing travellers to plan and book personalised trips, this platform receives more than six million visitors a year, with the trip-booking service covering more than 80 destinations, supported by over 60 local experts.

Awards
From 2017 to 2020 Rough Guides ran an award-winning podcast, The Rough Guide to Everywhere. This explored topical travel issues, and showcased interviews with travel personalities. In 2019, The Rough Guide to Everywhere was nominated for the Best Branded Podcast category at The British Podcast Awards.[11]

In 2018, Rough Guides was nominated for two categories in the Travel Media Awards – Broadcast Programme of the Year, with former editor Zara Sekhavati nominated for Young Writer of the Year. In addition, APA Publications’ Berlitz Cruising & Cruise Ships 2018 won Guide of the Year.

In 2022, Amy Hopkins, Rough Guides’ Head of Content, won a PPA Professional Publishers Association Newcomer of the Year Award.

Also in 2022, Rough Guides was a finalist in the Guide of the Year category at the Travel Media Awards.

2023 saw Rough Guides shortlisted for the TravMedia Travel Magazine of the Year Award.

title: Rough Guides


text:
María Juana

María Juana is a town in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located 125 km from the provincial capital (Santa Fe) and 210 km from the province's largest city, Rosario. It has a population of about 5,000.

The main economic activity in the area is the production of milk and derivative dairy products, but María Juana also produces and exports soy, wheat, honey, and industrial products.

Populated mainly by descendants from Italian immigrants, María Juana has two elementary schools and three high schools. It has had a cable television system (Cable-Hogar María Juana) since the early 1990s; and multi-award-winning Radio María Juana FM 101.9, founded in 1978, one of the few alternative radio stations in Argentina that broadcasts worldwide through internet streaming.

Notable natives

 * Diego Bustos, CNN en Español anchor.

title: María Juana


text:
GE B39-8

A GE B39-8 is a 4-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by GE Transportation Systems. It is part of the GE Dash 8 Series of freight locomotives. Following the production of the first three units for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, GE made many mechanical and electrical improvements that were reflected in a redesigned carbody for the remainder of production; these later units are sometimes unofficially referred to as B39-8E.

title: GE B39-8


text:
User talk:Aznph8playa

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 02:38, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Vandalism?
I reverted vandalism on the Mahatma Gandhi page. Someone had written "gay gay gay", "faggot faggot", etc., on the page, and I reverted back to a previous version. I think you've misunderstood the nature of my edit, unless some mistake occured whilst I was trying to do my first revert.

EDIT: I just checked history, and it seems I reverted to a wrong page. Possibly someone did it before me, and I reverted back to the vandalism... I don't remember any edits being made in between the vandalism and mine, though... anyway, must have been because it was my first revert ever. Sorry for the misunderstanding. - Jacen Aratan 11:40, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Inheritance (trilogy)
What would you like to discuss? - UtherSRG 22:46, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The setup of the Inheritance pages and maybe a large amount of rearrangement?
 * -Aznph8playa 22:49, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I posted my thoughts on Category talk:Inheritance races. DS1953 03:11, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

pl:Alagaësia
that's the interwiki link to an article about Alagaësia on Polish Wikipedia. you can find it on the left side of the screen in the section "in other languages". Most of articles in English Wikipedia has its version in other languages. --Slawojarek 21:44, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Apollo Theater
You really think that's a stub? "Stub" implies that the article as it stands is lacking so much basic information that it is borderline misleading, which I don't think is the case there. Certainly lots more could be added - a list of famous performers springs to mind - but the article as it stands seems pretty coherent to me. - DavidWBrooks 13:02, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Lirael.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Lirael.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Rettetast 15:30, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:A Painted House.JPG
Thanks for uploading File:A Painted House.JPG. You've indicated that the image meets Wikipedia's criteria for non-free content, but there is no explanation of why it meets those criteria. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. If you have any questions, please post them at Media copyright questions.

Thank you for your cooperation. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 14:51, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aznph8playa


text:
Mechanics (Aristotle)

Mechanics (Μηχανικά; Mechanica), also called Mechanical Problems or Questions of Mechanics, is a text traditionally attributed to Aristotle, but generally regarded as spurious. Thomas Winter has suggested that the author was Archytas, while Michael Coxhead says that it is only possible to conclude that the author was one of the Peripatetics.

During the Renaissance, an edition of this work was published by Francesco Maurolico. A Latin translation was made by Vettor Fausto, dedicated to Giovanni Badoer in 1517.

title: Mechanics (Aristotle)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of given names by language

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 07:38, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

List of given names by language
Would be valid for transwiki, but it has no real content. Take a look. This is just a list of links to other pages that should be transwikied as dicdefs. Delete. --Dmcdevit 02:42, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this list will be redundant after transwiking. JamesBurns 06:30, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no content. Radiant_ >|< 07:23, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, useless. — Chameleon 20:00, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep. I do think that lists of usual given names divided by languages are encyclopedic and do belong to wikipedia. Poli 13:19, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia offers better ways to show the same information. Javier Jelovcan 15:58, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The content of the referenced lists may be appropriate to Wiktionary but this navigation page is not useful.  Rossami (talk) 03:06, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Disciple (album)

Disciple is the fifth album released by Christian rock group Disciple, on June 7, 2005. When the single "The Wait is Over" was released, it broke several records in Christian music, including the longest spot at No. 1 on the R&R Charts.

A special edition was released on June 6, 2006 as a DualDisc containing four bonus songs and a making-of DVD. The covers between the two albums differ only in the background color but are otherwise identical.

Track listing

 * The bonus tracks were also released as an EP titled Things Left Unsaid.

DualDisc special edition side two
 * "Day in the Life"
 * Individual band interviews including producer commentary

Personnel
Based on AllMusic credits:
 * Kevin Young – vocals
 * Brad Noah – guitar
 * Tim Barrett – drums
 * Joey Fife – bass
 * Travis Wyrick – audio engineer, audio production, editing, engineer, loops, mixing, programming
 * Mike Dearing – assistant engineer, editing, percussion
 * Jeremy Cowart – photography

Awards
In 2006, the album was nominated for a Dove Award for Rock Album of the Year at the 37th GMA Dove Awards. The song "The Wait Is Over" was also nominated for Rock Recorded Song of the Year.

title: Disciple (album)


text:
Bloomingdale (Washington, D.C.)

Bloomingdale is a neighborhood in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., less than two miles (3 km) north of the United States Capitol building. It is a primarily residential neighborhood, with a small commercial center near the intersection of Rhode Island Avenue and First Street NW featuring bars, restaurants, and food markets.

Most of Bloomingdale's houses are Victorian-style rowhouses built around 1900 as single-family homes. Today, they remain primarily single-family residences, with some recently converted to two-unit condominiums.

Geography
Bloomingdale is bounded to the north by Channing Street NW, to the east by North Capitol Street, to the south by Florida Avenue NW, and to the west by Second Street NW.

The neighborhoods bordering Bloomingdale are LeDroit Park to the west, Shaw to the southwest, Truxton Circle to the south, Eckington to the east, and Stronghold to the northeast. To the north sit the McMillan Sand Filtration Site and the McMillan Reservoir.

The neighborhood is a low-lying area, at the foot of hills that extend to the north and east. Its topography is also shaped by the now-buried Tiber Creek, one branch of which generally followed what is now Flagler Place NW.

Because of its low-lying topography, flooding periodically occurred in parts of the neighborhood during particularly strong rainstorms. In summer 2012, the stormwater drainage system was overwhelmed multiple times by particularly strong storms, flooding vehicles near the topographic basin at T Street NW and Rhode Island Avenue NW and causing sewer backflow to enter some basements, many of which were rental apartments. Since then, DC Water has undertaken a large-scale tunneling project designed to divert and contain stormwater.

Government
Bloomingdale is in the southwestern part of Ward 5, currently represented on the City Council by Councilmember Zachary Parker. Bloomingdale is a part of Advisory Neighborhood Commission 5E, currently represented by commissioners Robert Vinson Brannum, Bertha Holliday, Karla Lewis, and Dianne Barnes.

History
The present-day neighborhood of Bloomingdale originated from several large estates. Located just outside the original boundary of the City of Washington as designed by Pierre L’Enfant in 1792 and in the former County of Washington, the neighborhood known today as Bloomingdale began to develop its residential character in the late 1880s, shortly after the County of Washington was absorbed by the City of Washington and just over a century after L'Enfant's plan was developed.

1792–1870s: farms and estates
The lands that comprise Bloomingdale first began as large estates and orchards. Boundary Street, today Florida Avenue, was the dividing line between paved, planned streets (to the south), laid out in the original L'Enfant Plan, and rural country (to the north of Boundary), where landowners maintained orchards, large country estates and, later, a mixture of commercial properties.

In 1823, George Beale and his wife Emily Truxton Beale bought a 10 acre parcel of land north of the Capitol, along the City boundary, for $600.00 from William Bradley. They named it the "Bloomingdale Estate," and it grew to 50 acre.

As late as the 1870s, the land where Bloomingdale now sits was largely a collection of undeveloped private estates and farming properties, most prominently those of the Beales and of the Moores.

1880s onward: residential development
Following Emily Truxton Beale's death in 1885, her heirs began to sell large tracts of the estate to developers. The old Bloomingdale estate rapidly changed into the modern neighborhood configuration as developers and land speculators transformed the undeveloped lands for denser residential development, between the established residential LeDroit Park and Eckington neighborhoods. By 1887, city planners had proposed extending the city's paved street grid into Bloomingdale.

In 1891, the 45 acre Moore farm, north and west of the former Beale estate and representing some of the last undeveloped property in the area, was sold to private developers. It was incorporated into the already-underway Bloomingdale neighborhood.

By 1892, the reconfiguration of Bloomingdale was underway, as large estates were consolidated and reconfigured into the predecessor to the modern neighborhood, with further development by 1894. During this time, roads corresponding to the grid system of Washington's streets were improved, curbed, and paved. Streams and creeks were buried or re-directed—most notably the Tiber Creek, many of which had been buried south of Bloomingdale in the original City of Washington. One section of the Tiber Creek in Bloomingdale ran along what is now Flagler Place.

Construction on some of the earliest homes was completed between 1892 and 1900. In the early 1900s, the remainder of the surrounding blocks had been built in a speculative nature by such developers as Harry Wardman, Francis Blundon, and S. H. Meyers in the following decade. The neighborhood website contains a list of Bloomingdale's Wardman built homes. Many of Wardman's first homes incorporate elements of Richardson Romanesque architecture (a sub-category of Victorian). This can be seen in the ornate floral and vine-like stone carving around doors and windows of many Bloomingdale homes. His later homes, like those on Adams and Bryant Streets, are in an architectural style for which he is most prominently known, brick homes that incorporate a deeper setback from the street and large covered front porch. Blundon built several homes along 1st Street including 100 W Street, NW, which he occupied with his family.

Development continued and, in 1904, the neighborhood's first school, the Nathaniel Parker Gage School, was built on the 2000 block of 2nd Street. (The school has been converted to private condominiums.) By 1909, the old estates had been sold and divided, the Tiber Creek had been buried, and the neighborhood street layout had been fully developed into its present form.

Many homes in the northern section of Bloomingdale retain carriage houses in the block interiors. Some have been converted to private residences.

2000–present
Like many D.C. neighborhoods since the early 2000s, Bloomingdale has undergone substantial gentrification, with the neighborhood's once-numerous vacant properties being repurposed, sharp rises in property values, and rapidly shifting demographics. The population is nearly evenly split between White residents, many of whom have moved to the neighborhood since the 2000s, and African American residents, who have historically constituted a majority in the community.

During this period of rapid change, new businesses have opened in the neighborhood, primarily restaurants, bars, and food markets. Every summer, the Bloomingdale Farmers' Market operates on Sundays on R St between Florida Ave and 1st Street, N.W.

On May 22, 2010, the city officially dedicated a new street, Bloomingdale Court, N.W., the name given by local resident and novelist Frederick Louis Richardson for the alley system between the 100 block of U and V Streets, N.W., and the 2000 block of 1st Street and Flagler Place, N.W.

On July 27, 2018, the D.C. Historic Preservation Review Board voted to designate Bloomingdale a historic district. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 26 of the same year.

The neighborhood has several active neighborhood groups and associations, including the Bloomingdale Civic Association.

Demographics
According to the Census Bureau's 2020 American Community Survey, the population of Bloomingdale's two census tracts was estimated to be 6,258 made up of about 31.5% Black or African American alone, about 51.5% White alone, about 7.6% Hispanic or Latino, and about 4.4% Asian alone.

Crispus Attucks Park
Bloomingdale has its own community-managed and community-owned greenspace, Crispus Attucks Park. The acre-and-a-quarter park, in the court bounded by First, U, V, and North Capitol streets NW, was previously the site of a warehouse built in 1910 and used as a telephone-switching station and cable yard for the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company.

Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company stopped using the property in 1974 and tried to sell it, but no one wanted to buy it, largely because the only access was by way of an alley off of V Street NW. In 1976, a neighborhood organization, V Street Block Club, approached the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company to donate the property. The neighborhood organization asked the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company to use the warehouse to teach children to play music in the warehouse. Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company said it would prefer to donate the property to the government of the District of Columbia, which would then donate the property to the neighborhood organization. The District government declined the offer, because it did not have the funds to renovate the building, and nothing happened for a few months. In December 1976, Hyman Construction Company learned about the issue, and it agreed to renovate the warehouse; Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company agreed to donate the land and the warehouse to a newly incorporated neighborhood organization, then called NUV-1, an acronym for each street that surrounds the property.

Hyman Construction Company paid its employees to renovate the warehouse, and employees of a few other construction companies donated their time as well. National Capital United Presbytery donated $7,500, and architect Ward Bucher donated his time to create the plans. Renovation began in July 1977, and the building officially opened as a neighborhood arts center on April 2, 1978.

The neighborhood arts center offered photography, martial arts, and bicycle-repair classes, lectures, musical events, dances, and daycare. In 1987, the District government reduced funding through the Recreation Department, and the six of the center's eight staff members were let go, significantly reducing the activities at the center.

The neighborhood organization became the Crispus Attucks Development Corporation, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. The park is named after Crispus Attucks, an African American who was killed in the Boston Massacre and is often regarded as the first person killed in the American Revolution. Crispus Attucks Park is privately owned and open to the public. It is maintained through charitable donations and volunteer labor coordinated by the Crispus Attucks Development Corporation.

Notable residents and historic landmarks

 * Since 2018, the Bloomingdale neighborhood as a whole has been a designated historic district, with a period of significance from 1891 to 1948.
 * Samuel Gompers, the founder of the American Federation of Labor in 1886 (which later became the AFL–CIO), owned and lived in the house at 2122 1st Street, N.W. following its construction in 1900. The house was declared an individual landmark on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
 * Chita Rivera, an accomplished singer, dancer, and entertainer on Broadway. Ms. Rivera lived with her parents (both federal government employees) on the 2100 block of Flagler Place, N.W. until the age of 15.
 * The Barnett-Aden Gallery, formerly at 127 Randolph Place, N.W., was the first privately owned black gallery in the U.S. and one of Washington, D.C.’s principal art galleries when it opened in 1943. Founded by James V. Herring and Alonzo J. Aden, it was named ‘Barnett-Aden' to honor Aden’s mother’s family. While the owners of the gallery were African American, Barnett-Aden was not conceived as a "black gallery." It was one of the few art places in the city where artists representing different nationalities, races, and ethnicities were exhibited together. The gallery's collection has since been sold and relocated.
 * The house at 116 Bryant Street, N.W. was the subject of the Supreme Court case, Hurd v. Hodge. The house was purchased by James M. Hodge and his wife, an African American couple, in violation of a racially restrictive covenant, which the Hodges challenged in court. This case was a companion to Shelley v. Kraemer, which found the enforcement of racial and religious covenants restricting the sale of certain homes to racial and religion minorities to be unconstitutional. Hurd v. Hodge clarified that this ruling applied to the District of Columbia.
 * The Nathaniel Parker Gage School on Second Street, N.W. was built as a school in 1904. It is an historic structure, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. The building now houses condominiums.

In popular culture
Although the series House of Cards was filmed in Baltimore, its opening credits sequence features several prominent shots of the Bloomingdale neighborhood along North Capitol Street, between R Street and T Street.

title: Bloomingdale (Washington, D.C.)


text:
Talk:List of string theory topics

Timeline?
Is there a timeline of the events of the early universe according to string theory? Memenen 02:46, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

"List of" name
This article started life as a list, and is a list per community policy and guideline consensus. Per WP:BRD etc I have reverted the rename pending discussion for these renames. See the talk page of WP:OUTLINE (a disputed/failed policy proposal). Moves should be discussed. Verbal chat  10:03, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

Rename "List of string theory topics" to "Outline of string theory"

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was not done. Skomorokh, barbarian  11:02, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

List of string theory topics → Outline of string theory — Cybercobra renamed the page to "Outline of string theory", but Verbal came along weeks later and reverted it. I propose it be named "Outline of string theory".

 * Support rename to "Outline of string theory" - the page is in a rudimentary outline format, and can be further improved as an outline. It also would make a nice addition to Wikipedia's Outline of Knowledge, and provide a good starting point for such an outline.  It would save us the trouble of having to start over from scratch, and would avoid the confusion of having two outlines on the subject (even though the OOK version would be more comprehensive).  The Transhumanist 01:44, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * support - "List of string theory topics" sound overly complicated. "Outline of the string theory" is much better, but more importantly, this article is an WP:OUTLINE. -- penubag  (talk) 05:10, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Recommend Withdrawing Pending probable RFC on outlines generally. --Cyber cobra (talk) 02:46, 20 October 2009 (UTC) Weak Support The outline name is less verbose, and as a field of physics, "string theory" is a sufficiently abstract/general noun to not sound weird in conjunction with "Outline of" (unlike some other outlines). But I really don't care for the drama, so I'm not gonna push strongly on this. --Cyber cobra  (talk) 06:09, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose without resolution of the outline problem, which the transhumanist agreed to but has now chosen to ignore. A pile-on bu his personal friends and members of the outline project does not show community consensus. This is a list, lists are supported by policy and guidelines, whereas the outline project has failed to achieve any kind of consensus. There should be no "OOK" version and no duplication until this problem is resolved. Referring to a failed policy doesn't establish anything. This article was originally a list, and lists are supported by policy and guidelines, and community consensus. In this case it is also a better name which describes the topic and allows more flexible organisation, not tied down to the WP:OUTINES style guide (which contradicts WP:MOS in several paces and encourages GFDL violations). The "staus quo" until the outline problem is solved is "list of". Verbal chat  07:00, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Note the lack of support demonstrated even at WT:OUTLINE, and The Transhumanist's threat of disruption by duplicating the page unless the move is made should not be seen positively. Verbal chat  07:29, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose "Outline of string theory" is a title that almost sounds like a joke (outline of string). It's a shame no one is having a centralized discussion about this whole "outline" thing, but until someone does, it's hard to support new "outline of (humorous phrase)" topics. As such, oppose any move. Hipocrite (talk) 10:59, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

 * If a project want an article naming according to their pattern, that project ought at the very least do some work on it first. It's currently a list, not an "outline" of anything.  Oppose Knepflerle (talk) 11:47, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose such a rename until a proper RFC on "Outline of [topic]" and "List of [topic]" pages is held. I think establishing community consensus on the wider issue is badly needed. WJBscribe (talk) 13:45, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose until after an RfC. At the moment there seems to be no community consensus for this naming convention. For something important at this I feel an RfC is warranted, even if a project gains consensus, so as to obtain the widest possible consensus.  Dpmuk (talk) 23:29, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose a separate outline article should be written. 76.66.194.183 (talk) 04:06, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:List of string theory topics


text:
Orlando Parga

Orlando Parga Figueroa (born February 6, 1939, in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican politician and former member of the Senate of Puerto Rico. He served as President pro tempore of the Senate from 2005 to 2009.

Early years and studies
Orlando Parga Figueroa was born on February 6, 1939, in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. His father, Orlando Parga Tossas, was a leader of the Partido Estadista Republicano and a right-hand man to its leader, Miguel A. García Méndez.

Parga studied in various schools in Toa Baja, Bayamón, and San Juan. He continued his college studies at the University of Puerto Rico, and then at the State University of New York (SUNY) receiving a Bachelor's degree in Public Administration.

Journalism career
Parga worked for several years for the weekly newspaper La Opinión. He worked as City Editor and Editor of La Opinión from 1962 to 1968, and then as Director from 1973 to 1975. He has also written columns for other newspapers like El Mundo, La Semana, and El Nuevo Día.

First administrative and adviser positions
Parga began his political career when he was elected state president of the Republican Youth in 1957, a post to which he was reelected in 1960 and 1964. In 1961, Parga became the first Puerto Rican to be named as part of the United States Republican Youth National Committee. During this time, he also served Press Aide to Senator Miguel A. García Méndez. In 1968, Parga ran unsuccessfully for an at-large seat in the Puerto Rico House of Representatives under the Republican Party, which would disappear following that year's elections. He then worked as Director of Public Relations at the Automobile Accidents Compensation Administration (ACAA) from 1969 to 1973.

From 1975 to 1976, Parga served as Press Aide to Carlos Romero Barceló, who was Mayor of San Juan at the time. He also served as Communications Advisor to another Mayor of San Juan, Baltasar Corrada del Río, from 1985 to 1988. Parga also served as a consultant to Mayors of Guaynabo Alejandro Cruz and Héctor O'Neill. From 1993 to 1994 he also served as Director of the Press, Communications, and Public Relations Office of the Senate of Puerto Rico.

First term as Senator: 1999–2004
He ran unsuccessfully for Senator at-large in the 1991 and 1995 PNP primaries. Parga was finally elected to the post in a special election held on April 11, 1999, to fill the vacancy left by former Senate President Roberto Rexach Benitez' resignation. At the 2000 general elections, he was reelected to his seat and chosen as Senate Minority Whip.

Second term and party split: 2005–2008
Parga was re-elected at the 2004 elections. However, when the defeated 2004 PNP gubernatorial candidate, Pedro Rosselló, gained a seat in the Senate and tried to oust President Kenneth McClintock, Parga was one of the six Senators that supported the latter and refused to support Rosselló. For their loyalty, they became known as "Los Auténticos", which in turn, ignited a series of schemes to coerce them into supporting Rosselló.

In November 2005, it was revealed that the Puerto Rico Capitol's surveillance camera system was allegedly misused to blackmail fellow Senator Carlos Díaz, one of the so-called "Auténticos". McClintock appointed Parga to chair the tripartisan Blue Ribbon Committee looking into the matter. His refusal to cover-up sworn statements suggesting administrative irregularities in the administration of the House of Representatives triggered the New Progressive Party directorate to recommend his expulsion, along with Senate President Kenneth McClintock. The party recommended the expulsion of the six Senators in March 2006. According to McClintock, this recommendation was rejected by a General Assembly on August 20, 2006.

Within the Senate, he presided the Committee on Consumer Affairs and Government Reports. As a result of the May 2005 split within the majority delegation, he assumed the chairmanship of the Federal, Industrial and Economic Affairs Committee of the Senate and of the Cordova and Fernos Congressional Internship Joint Committee. After Senator Héctor Martínez resigned the chairmanship of the Senate's Public Safety Committee, Parga was appointed its acting chair by the Senate President.

On July 5, 2007, Parga announced that, rather than file for reelection under the PNP banner, he would aspire to become the first independent candidate to win an election to the Senate and put all his Senate leadership positions at McClintock's disposal. The Senate President immediately reiterated his trust in him, although he would no longer appear in the slate of PNP candidates. In November 2008 he was not reelected while running as an independent.

Recent years
Actually, as a political analyst, Parga has not held his punches when commenting on Puerto Rico's status and politics issues. In 2010, Parga said in an interview that "being a legislator in this island is worth nothing. When I was young, I would stand in the Senate gallery and dream about being a Senator. It used to be something prestigious."

Parga is a political analyst on NotiUno 630 a local radio network and served as a government consultant and the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico[Legislative Services of Puerto Rico], 2009–2013.

Personal life
Parga is married to Teresita Aponte Vázquez. He has three children, Waldo, Ana Ivette, and Carlos Manuel from a previous marriage. Parga and Aponte reside in Caguas.

title: Orlando Parga


text:
Plumb (singer)

Tiffany Arbuckle Lee, better known by her stage name Plumb, is an American singer-songwriter and author. Plumb has sold more than 500,000 albums and over two million singles worldwide, co-penned songs for numerous other artists, including Michelle Branch, Mandisa, Mandy Moore, Jaci Velasquez, and Natalie Grant, and had music placed in many films and television shows. Originally signed as a contemporary Christian music recording artist in 1997, Plumb is now known as well as or better in alternative rock and EDM, and for the use of her music in film and television than she is in the contemporary Christian music market.

Career
Tiffany Arbuckle was born in Indianapolis but grew up in Atlanta, singing in church and school. She moved to Nashville one week before her 21st birthday, where she now resides, and worked as a background singer for a number of artists, including Bill Gaither and Amy Grant.

Plumb was originally formed in 1997 as a five-piece band that consisted of Arbuckle on vocals, Joe Porter on drums, Matt Stanfield on keyboards, J.J. Plasencio on bass guitar and Stephen Leiweke on guitar, with name, Plumb, coming from the Suzanne Vega song "My Favorite Plum". Following Silvertone Records affiliate Essential Records mainstream alternative radio success with its debut artist Jars of Clay in 1995, the label signed Plumb as its second artist. When Arbuckle was urged to write, she turned to Matt Bronleewe—an original member of Jars of Clay who happened to be her next-door neighbor—and the two hit it off. The debut album, Plumb, was released in 1997. Plumb has said subsequently that the addition of the letter "B" to the end was the idea of her producer Matt Bronleewe and, in her mind, also represents Bronleewe's important contribution to her sound.

In 1999, Plumb released a second studio album, Candycoatedwaterdrops, which won the 2000 Gospel Music Association Dove Award for "Modern Rock Album of the Year". Three tracks from it were later covered by other artists; "Stranded" and "Here with Me" by Jennifer Paige and, in 2001, "Damaged" by Plummet. Though the album won the DOVE Award for Best Modern Rock Album in 2000, and saw strong radio success with the single "God-Shaped Hole", the subject matter and approach of much of Plumb's music was often considered too dark and taboo for the mainstream Christian marketplace. Plumb's tendency to write songs about deeply personal issues, such as international hit "Cut" which addressed cutting, and "Damaged" which addressed a girl coping with being molested as a child, led to more enthusiastic reception by fans of alternative and dance music. Fueling the break from contemporary Christian music, "Cut" was also used prominently during a pivotal scene in the storyline of The Vampire Diaries in the 10th episode of season 1, "The Turning Point". Later in 1999, all band members left the band, and since that time Plumb became a solo project of Tiffany Arbuckle.

Plumb considered leaving the music industry after the 2000 album, but changed her mind after receiving a note from a fan a few hours before what she thought to be her final concert. The letter was about her song "Damaged" about a girl coping with being molested as a child. The note said "Whatever you do, I just want you to never forget that you have changed someone's life," which inspired Plumb to remain in the music industry. She signed to Curb Records in 2003, releasing the album Beautiful Lumps of Coal on March 25, 2003. The lead single, "Real", peaked at No. 41 on the UK Singles Chart. Her next album, Chaotic Resolve, entered the Billboard 200 album chart at No. 177 on March 9, 2006. "Better" reached No. 1 on the U.S. Christian airplay chart. The Bronleewe & Bose remix of her follow-up "Cut", hit No. 1 on SiriusXM's dance hits channel BPM, and No. 5 on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Songs chart.

Shortly after the birth of her second child, Plumb recorded her fifth album, Blink, as a collection of lullaby inspired songs. It was released on October 9, 2007, immediately becoming one of her best selling and most enduring albums to date. Lead single "In My Arms" was used in conjunction with key plot narratives for both Vampire Diaries and One Tree Hill, and became Plumb's biggest international hit to date, selling close to half a million singles in both the United States and Russia. "In My Arms" received remixes by Kaskade, Scotty K, Bronleewe & Bose, Gomi, and Bimbo Jones, with the latter reaching the No. 3 spot on the Billboard Dance chart.

On May 19, 2009, Curb Records announced that it would release a career-spanning greatest hits album, Beautiful History, which was released later in the year and included several new songs. The first single from Beautiful History, "Hang On", reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in 2009 and reached the top spot on Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay chart in 2010. Plumb returned to the studio in 2010 with longtime producer and co-writer Matt Bronleewe to begin work on what would become her 6th studio album, while also changing management and signing with alternative boutique firm Street Talk Media. The debut single from the project, "Drifting", a co-penned duet with longtime friend Dan Haseltine (of Jars of Clay), spread quickly across Christian rock radio. The second single, "Need You Now (How Many Times)", went to contemporary Christian music radio in early 2012 and has become Plumb's most successful single to date in that market, rising to number to No. 1 on multiple radio and iTunes charts in both the United States and Canada by year's end. The single has remained in regular rotation nationwide for well over a year, selling close to 300,000 singles on iTunes to date, and is BDS certified at over 100,000 radio spins. The album Need You Now was released worldwide in February 2013, charting at a career-best No. 56 on the Billboard 200 chart and No. 2 on Christian album charts. The album received five Dove Award nominations including Song of the Year and Contemporary/Pop Album of the Year. With her children now all at least grade school age, and with the massive success of Need You Now, 2012 and 2013 saw the most aggressive touring of her entire career, playing major festivals throughout 2012 and 2013, embarking on her first and largely sold-out headlining tour in the fall of 2013, and joining the massive Winterjam arena tour for November 2013-14.

Plumb released her seventh studio album, Exhale, on May 4, 2015.

Plumb left Curb Records in early 2017 to form her own label, Plumb Music, and released her first single "God Help Me" in July 2017. The song was one of six tracks included on the EP God Help Me in late 2017. She followed it up with the album Beautifully Broken in June 2018 on Centricity Music.

Following the No. 1 chart successes of "In My Arms", "Hang On", and "Cut", Plumb has been increasingly sought-after in the dance and electronic world. In 2011, she collaborated with trance DJ Paul Van Dyk on "I Don't Deserve You", playing several shows with Van Dyk, and filming a music video together in middle Tennessee. Plumb's original version and recording of the song would be included on her sixth studio album, Need You Now, and featured in episode 5x02 of Vampire Diaries.

Personal life
Plumb has three children with her ex-husband, Jeremy Lee.

She is single per her Facebook post, saying "My faith and my children. They are everything to me. I never imagined being a single mom to them. I never imagined being single at all after they came along. I had an image in my head that the man I was married to and I growing old together and dying together like that scene in the notebook. I never imagined being the priest in my home. By myself. Things don't always turn out the way we plan and it has taken me a very long almost 34 months now of learning that."

Discography

 * Plumb (1997)
 * candycoatedwaterdrops (1999)
 * Beautiful Lumps of Coal (2003)
 * Chaotic Resolve (2006)
 * Blink (2007)
 * Need You Now (2013)
 * Exhale (2015)
 * Beautifully Broken (2018)
 * Behold (2019)

title: Plumb (singer)


text:
Talk:Chashan

Untitled
I removed the demogaphics section (and placed it here for further consideration. it needs cleanup for English if it goes back and we need to determine its relevance first).

Demographics

There are a lot of villages where there are some ancestral temples: Citang (simplified Chinese: 祠堂; Traditional Chinese:祠堂; pinyin:cítáng) in Chashan. Most of the good events are help in the ancestral temple, e.g. on every the fourth day of Chinese New Year, new birth boys' party: Dengjiu (Simplified Chinese:灯酒; Traditional Chinese:燈酒; pinyin:dēngjiǔ).

The common last names of Chashan resident are: Yuan (Simplified Chinese: 袁; Traditional Chinese:袁 ;pinyin:yuán ), Lin (Simplified Chinese:林 ; Traditional Chinese:林 ;pinyin:lín ), Wei (Simplified Chinese:卫 ; Traditional Chinese:衛 ;pinyin:wèi ), Ye (Simplified Chinese: 叶; Traditional Chinese:葉 ;pinyin:yè ), Gao (Simplified Chinese:高 ; Traditional Chinese:高 ;pinyin:gāo ), Bu (Simplified Chinese:卜 ; Traditional Chinese:卜 ;pinyin:bǔ ), Cen (Simplified Chinese:岑 ; Traditional Chinese:岑 ;pinyin:cén), Peng (Simplified Chinese:彭; Traditional Chinese:彭 ;pinyin:péng),Chen (Simplified Chinese:陈; Traditional Chinese:陳; pinyin:chén), Lu (Simplified Chinese:卢; Traditional Chinese:盧; pinyin:lú), Xie (Simplified Chinese:谢; Traditional Chinese:謝; ;pinyin:xiè) and Zhong (Simplified Chinese:钟; Traditional Chinese:鍾; pinyin:zhōng). A resident could be guessed where he/she lives according to his/her last name,

title: Talk:Chashan


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lamberto Piovani

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 07:38, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Lamberto Piovani
possible hoax; no google hits at all in any language carmeld1 02:47, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Non-notable, not verifiable. --Durin 04:04, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 06:30, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn, two google hits, pages in Italian: . But I doubt they have anything to do with this person. --Etacar11 15:31, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable. Death to useless stubs. — Chameleon 19:59, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:Ripple-down rules

Seems to rely heavily on the work of P. Compton; need expansion of the ideas here. Harvey the rabbit (talk) 21:06, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

P. Compton is the only one working on this as most of this theory has been abandoned/ignored by most others in the field of knowledge representation (april 15, 2011 FvT) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Freekvt (talk • contribs) 07:13, 15 April 2011 (UTC)

Whence the name
Could someone explain why are these rules called 'ripple-down'? English is not my mother tongue so I don't really understand what does 'ripple-down' mean. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.139.61.202 (talk) 14:14, 16 May 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ripple-down rules