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Presto card

The Presto card (stylized as PRESTO) is a contactless smart card automated fare collection system used on participating public transit systems in the province of Ontario, Canada, specifically in Greater Toronto, Hamilton, and Ottawa. Presto card readers were implemented on a trial basis from 25 June 2007 to 30 September 2008. Full implementation began in November 2009 and it was rolled out across rapid transit stations, railway stations, bus stops and terminals, and transit vehicles on eleven different transit systems.

A variant of the Presto card is the Presto ticket, introduced on 5 April 2019, which is a single-use paper ticket with an embedded chip. The Presto ticket can only be used for the services of the Toronto Transit Commission.

In late 2023 and mid-2024, Presto was made available for use in Google Wallet and Apple Wallet, respectively.

One of the 10 strategies of The Big Move, the GTHA's regional transportation plan, was to create an integrated transit fare system amongst the 10 public transit agencies in the GTHA. The Presto system was designed to support the use of one common method of fare payment on various participating public transit systems, comparable with other systems such as London's Oyster card and Hong Kong's Octopus card. Presto is an operating division of Metrolinx, the Ontario government agency that manages and integrates road transport and public transportation in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA).

History
In 1998, GO Transit began work on a smart card system with ERG Transit Systems. A year-long pilot of the system on GO Transit's Richmond Hill line was scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter of 2000, but was delayed to June 2002. During the pilot, 4,000 people used the cards and a total of 10,000 cards were issued. That year, the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO), in conjunction with GO Transit and GTHA municipalities, began investigating the merits of a regional fare card, and it began development by June 2003.

GO did not continue its partnership with ERG after the pilot, preferring a more flexible system. Instead, GO opted to implement a different system in partnership with other Greater Toronto transit systems. They developed the specifications of the system around 2004 and in October 2006, the Ministry of Transportation signed a 10-year, $250-million contract with Accenture to design, develop and operate the base Presto system for the GTHA. Two major transit agencies, OC Transpo and the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), agreed to adopt the fare card system in 2007 and 2009 respectively. The larger anticipated userbase prompted the MTO to decide on developing a new system, called Presto Next Generation (PNG). The Auditor General of Ontario criticized this move, suggesting that the base Presto system should have been expanded to accommodate OC Transpo and the Toronto Transit Commission.

Thales Group and Accenture were awarded the contract to supply this system in October 2009. Implementation was the responsibility of Metrolinx, of which Presto became an operating division in 2011.

The Presto project was strongly criticized by the Auditor General of Ontario in 2012 for "roll-out glitches, cost escalations and untendered contract extensions" and warned the system could become the world's most expensive fare-card implementation project. Instead of putting the development Presto Next Generation out to competitive tender, Metrolinx simply increased the size of the original base contract awarded to Accenture in 2006. By 2012, the cost of the system ballooned to $700million.

The Presto rollout on the TTC's surface transit fleet have been marred with abnormally high failure rates of the readers themselves and cost overruns. A TTC position paper noted that faulty Presto card readers used by fare inspectors on the proof-of-payment streetcar system was making it "difficult to get customers to comply with inspections" and costing the TTC in lost fare revenue.

A 3 June 2017 story in the Toronto Star first reported that customers' Presto travel histories were provided to police authorities 12 times in the previous year, with a warrant having been required for only two of those disclosures and customers typically not having been notified that their records had been shared. The figures were confirmed by Metrolinx in later reports, stating that they had granted 12 of 26 requests received from various police agencies. In response to calls for reforming the data sharing system from experts and transit riding advocates, Metrolinx launched a formal review of its privacy policies.

The rollout of the fare system and accompanying replacement fare gates on the TTC's subway network was met with poor reliability and issues with processing transactions. Presto was forced to use its existing software back-end for other municipal transit partners that have completed the roll-out, as the TTC has yet to develop its own dedicated infrastructure to process the larger volume of transactions it typically handles. The new fare gates suffered from persistent mechanical and software problems, prompting the TTC to suspend the rollout for a month to work with the contractor, Scheidt & Bachmann, to resolve reliability issues. As a result, over 2,000 motors on more than 1,000 gates had to be replaced in addition to numerous hardware and software updates. The June 2018 deadline for the complete roll-out of Presto for the TTC will be further pushed to 2019 due to these ongoing issues, prompting a delay in the phasing out of cash fares, tokens and other legacy fare media. As a result, the TTC will face higher fare collection costs as it incurs "transitional costs" of operating parts of Presto and the legacy fare regimes concurrently over the next few years. A situation TTC board member John Campbell describes as "totally inefficient".

In its annual report released in 2018, Metrolinx indicated it expected the cost of the Presto system to reach $1.2billion, with $1billion already spent in the development and implementation the system between 2002 and March 2018. While Presto was designed for complex fare transactions between GTA transit agencies, up until the fourth quarter of 2019, the system on TTC buses was not able to support the payment of special surcharges for TTC express downtown buses and TTC trips that enter Mississauga and York Region where a Miway or YRT fare was required. , the TTC Presto system at large continues to experience abnormally high failure rates. This led to an estimated loss of at least $3.4 million in revenue in 2018 alone according to the TTC. The 2018 Audit Work Plan by the auditor general of Ontario noted that the number of reports of Presto collection machines not functioning properly is likely under-counted and a breakdown in communication between Metrolinx, the TTC, and two of its vendors led to operational issues. This included a finding that over half the "out-of-service" incidents raised for the fare vending machines on the TTC's new Flexity streetcars are "coin or token box full" errors, the root cause being miscommunication between the TTC and Metrolinx on coin and token collection leading to the vending machines not being emptied frequently enough.

In early 2018, Metrolinx detailed a plan to increase transit ridership by use of a mobile app (available for Android and iOS devices) which it released to the public for testing in beta version in late 2018. The Presto app was released in January 2019, and allows transit users to reload their Presto card directly from their mobile device.

Card use
Presto cards are available to purchase at most Shoppers Drug Mart stores, transit centres in the GTHA and Ottawa, over the phone and online. Beginning in Stage 3, cardholders will also be able to load passes for up to three transit systems at a time on to their Presto card. When boarding, riders tap the prepaid card, embedded with an RFID chip, on to a reader. The reader will then check for either a valid transit pass, or automatically deduct the lowest available fare from the card's balance stored in its e-purse ("stored balance"). GO Transit and Union Pearson Express (UP Express or UPX) riders – whose fares are calculated by distance – and those riding TTC buses which travel into the City of Mississauga or York Region must also tap their cards at the end of their trip. Since the TTC joined Ontario's One Fare Program on 26 February 2024, no extra fare is charged if a rider taps off after crossing the fare zone boundary aboard a TTC bus within 2 hours (or 3 hours if GO Transit was used).

Presto readers show a large white check mark on a green background (if accepted) or a large white "X" on a red background (if declined), accompanied by one of several messages. For monthly, weekly and single-day transit passes, the expiry date is shown. For a stored-balance fare at initial tap-on, the reader shows the fare deducted, balance remaining, and transfer period allowed. For subsequent taps within the transfer window, the transfer time remaining is shown. GO Transit and Union Pearson Express readers, at both tap-on and tap-off, also shows much of the same information as those of a local system for a stored-balance fare at initial tap-on.

Loyalty programs are also available on some transit systems, where frequent use of the system results in greater discounts on fare payment.

The Presto card works on several transit systems and has other features:
 * Autoload: The autoload feature allows cardholders to have a predetermined value automatically loaded onto their Presto card, when the stored balance value reaches a specified threshold. It will charge the cardholder's credit or debit card.
 * Autorenew, for monthly passes: Six days before the end of each month, the next month's pass is automatically loaded onto the card. The new pass becomes effective the first day of the new month. Payment is charged as for an autoload.
 * Lost card replacement: If a registered cardholder loses their Presto card, they can have their lost card blocked immediately upon reporting the loss, and the remaining balance transferred to a replacement card.
 * Underpayment allowance: If a registered card has insufficient funds to pay a fare, but the balance is greater than $0 and has sufficient funds to cover the minimum base fare, the cardholder can incur a negative balance for one trip for a fee of $0.25.
 * Transit usage reports: Through an online account, a user can track transit usage, customize the data, and download it to a spreadsheet in CSV format.

A Braille letter "P" was placed on the Presto card to help distinguish it from other cards in a wallet, after consultation with feedback from visually impaired customers.

Presto cards purchased from the Presto website or from automated self-service vending machines in TTC, GO Transit and UP Express stations are set to the adult fare rates. For concessionary fares (such as child, senior, youth or post-secondary student), one must present the Presto card at either a transit centre or at some Shoppers Drug Mart locations with appropriate identification to have the concession fare rate set.

Mobile wallets
On 14 November 2023, Metrolinx made Presto cards available in Google Wallet. On 16 July 2024, Metrolinx made Presto cards available in Apple Wallet.

Presto cards in mobile wallets can be used on all transit systems which support regular Presto cards except OC Transpo in Ottawa. Creation of a virtual card can be done through a mobile wallet's app or the Presto app at no cost. In addition, the settings and the balance of a physical Presto card can be transferred to a virtual card. This includes concession fare types (excluding the child fare type, which currently only remains available on physical Presto cards). The physical card will be cancelled after the transfer. Concession fares can be set on the virtual cards through the same methods as a physical card.

Participation
The following transit service providers use Presto:
 * Brampton Transit
 * Burlington Transit
 * Durham Region Transit
 * GO Transit
 * Hamilton Street Railway
 * MiWay
 * Oakville Transit
 * OC Transpo (Ottawa)
 * Toronto Transit Commission
 * Union Pearson Express
 * York Region Transit

The following transit service providers accept Presto for free transfers but not for purchasing fares:
 * Barrie Transit
 * Bradford West Gwillimbury Transit
 * Grand River Transit
 * Guelph Transit
 * Milton Transit
 * Niagara Falls Transit
 * Société de transport de l'Outaouais (Gatineau, QC)

Rollout
In July 2007, 500 commuters who normally commuted from Meadowvale and Cooksville GO stations in Mississauga to Union Station in downtown Toronto received a free card and tried the system under a trial termed "Launch 1". Officials decided to test the fare system on Mississauga's neighbourhood shuttle service in Meadowvale and Cooksville that transports passengers to GO Transit. During the Launch 1 trial, the Presto card could be used at: The Launch 1 trial concluded 30 September 2008.
 * Miway (shuttle routes of 60 Meadowvale Shuttle-Crosscurrent, 62 Cooksville Shuttle-Webb, 63 Cooksville Shuttle-Kaneff, 64 Meadowvale Shuttle-Montevideo only)
 * GO Transit (Meadowvale and Cooksville GO stations only)
 * Toronto Transit Commission ( subway station only)

The Presto card has been introduced in stages beginning in the fourth quarter of 2009.

Stage 1
The first stage of the production rollout schedule was launched on 30 November 2009 and included a limited number of recruited customers to test the system. Stage One included Oakville, Bronte and Union GO Stations, TTC Union Subway Station, and ten Oakville Transit buses on three routes.

Stage 2
The second stage of the production rollout schedule was launched on 10 May 2010. In this stage, the Presto system became available to the general public and transit users were able to purchase Presto cards and use them at participating stations and transit systems. Stage Two was launched similarly to Stage One, but with full participation from Oakville Transit and Burlington Transit. GO Transit continued its system-wide rollout, with the Lakeshore East, Milton and Georgetown lines coming online at a rate of a few stations a week. The Toronto Transit Commission added six downtown stations (St. George, Queen's Park, St. Patrick, Dundas, College, Bloor/Yonge) to the Presto system. Two more stations (Kipling and Islington) were added in mid-2010. The third stage of the production rollout schedule was scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2010 to bring more transit systems and stations into the Presto system.

Stage 3
The third stage of the rollout schedule expanded the rollout to a larger scale, covering the entire 905 region and Hamilton. GO Transit completed its rollout for trains and buses in mid-2012. Since then, all new GO Train stations and buses have had Presto readers on the first day of service.

In the end of this stage, all but two local transit systems had completed their rollout. Hamilton Street Railway was the first to roll out in this stage on 3 May 2011. Brampton Transit became fully Presto-enabled on 30 May 2011. On the same date, MiWay made the farecard available to adult passengers only. Durham Region Transit launched Presto card for co-fares with GO Transit on 27 June 2011. Almost a month later, York Region Transit launched the Presto card in all of its Vivastations and buses. The TTC added Presto card as fare payment option in Don Mills, Downsview, Finch, Yorkdale and York Mills subway stations. In this stage, concession fares were added for GO Transit, Oakville Transit, Burlington Transit, Brampton Transit, York Region Transit and MiWay; and co-fares for GO buses have been offered by MiWay and Brampton Transit exclusively for Presto cardholders. Also in this stage, only Durham Region Transit remains to roll out its regular fares.

Presto's self-service kiosks debuted at Union Station for a pilot project during this period. Reception of the pilot kiosks was found to be favourable. The pilot kiosks have since been removed and a widespread rollout of automated reload systems is ongoing throughout GO, TTC, and Union Pearson Express stations.

Stage 4 and Presto Next Generation
The fourth stage of the rollout added Ottawa's OC Transpo, commencing as a soft launch in the second quarter of 2012 and as a full rollout on 18 May 2013. It is the only agency to receive the Presto card so far outside the Greater Toronto and Hamilton area. This stage involved the initial rollout of Presto Next Generation (PNG). OC Transpo's Presto readers are compatible with the Société de transport de l'Outaouais's new Multi farecards and Presto cards are compatible with pass readers on STO buses, thus facilitating transfers between the two.

Stage Four also marked the extensive rollout of the Presto fare system on the TTC, also using the Presto Next Generation system, while the participating transit systems that had already fully rolled out in the earlier stages were to receive Presto Next Generation cards late in the fourth quarter of 2012. Payment by other means, such as open payment and mobile payment systems, will also be made compatible with this updated version of Presto card.

Stage Four and Presto Next Generation had been criticized for numerous delays with launching OC Transpo service. Metrolinx set 1 July 2012 as the Presto launch date for Ottawa, but in June 2012, it was postponed to 1 February 2013. City staff decided to launch Presto in several stages for 2013, the last of which occurred on 18 May 2013.

The first major addition of Presto on the TTC took place in the fourth quarter of 2014, with the introduction of Presto card machines in several more Toronto subway stations, and the launch of new streetcars equipped with this system (see below).

Expansion

 * Toronto Transit Commission: Expansions in the TTC will be Presto-equipped from their opening day, which includes Line 5 Eglinton.
 * GO Transit: All future GO stations will be Presto-equipped as early as the station opening.
 * Other transit systems: Requirements are being developed in order to incorporate additional transit agencies into Presto card. Many transit systems in the Greater Golden Horseshoe have expressed interest in adopting the Presto card as a fare payment system:
 * Milton Transit, the only transit system in the Greater Toronto Area that has not participated during the first phase, is working with Metrolinx to adopt the farecard.
 * Guelph Transit is exploring its options in adopting the Presto card as a fare payment system.
 * Grand River Transit expressed interest in participating with the rollout of the Presto card but now has decided to go to another system.
 * Negotiations with Barrie Transit are ongoing with regards to the adoption of Presto card.
 * Niagara Falls Transit's new fareboxes are designed to be capable of handling Presto cards, and are now participating for those transferring from a GO Bus or Train.
 * Discussions in St. Catharines Transit are underway for participation in Presto.
 * Niagara Region Transit's operators are also interested in adopting the farecard.

Fares
Participating transit systems have different fares and fare policies when using the Presto card compared to traditional fare media; generally, passengers receive a discount using Presto compared to cash fares. The implementation of the Presto card has also unified the fare categories of GO Transit and local transit agencies, with local transit agencies adopting the GO Transit standard: local transit agencies used to have different age limits for child and senior fares and different types of students that may use student fares (some excluding post-secondary students while others do not). Registered Presto card holders are assessed the senior or child fares as appropriate. Student fare classification must be activated by the card-issuing transit authority through its normal procedures, which differ between transit systems. For example, post-secondary student fares are classified as students in only GO Transit and MiWay, while the rest classify them under the adult category.

Other Presto card fare notes:
 * GO Transit: Fares for adult and student passengers between two fare zones are reduced to levels comparable to that of 10-ride tickets formerly offered by GO Transit. The loyalty discount system is in place where passengers frequently travelling between two fare zones will receive further discounts after 30 (student) or 35 trips (adult) in a single month, so the fare paid per month never exceeds that of the corresponding GO Transit monthly pass. Fares for senior passengers do not receive a further discount beyond the same 50% of adult (ticket) prices offered via traditional fare media. See GO Transit fares for more information.
 * Passengers connecting to local transit from GO Transit will only be assessed the co-fare, if applicable, on the Presto card if the GO Transit trip was also assessed to the Presto card; the full local fare will be assessed otherwise. Passengers connecting to GO transit from local transit will have their co-fare discounts assessed when disembarking from their GO Transit trips.
 * OC Transpo (Ottawa): Presto cards registered to addresses in Quebec may not use the Presto card when boarding OC Transpo buses, as per existing residency policies between OC Transpo and STO; STO fare media (including the STO Passe-Partout PLUS Card) must be used instead.
 * The "free fares for Seniors category on Wednesdays" is not enforced by Presto systems; a full fare will be assessed. Seniors riding OC Transpo buses on Wednesdays are encouraged to avoid tapping their Presto cards therein, unless intending to transfer to STO buses.
 * Toronto Transit Commission: The TTC has implemented the Presto card machines at all 70 subway stations, and on-board all TTC conventional buses and streetcars. As of 26 February 2024, customers paying by Presto, debit or credit card can receive either a free or discounted transfer between TTC, GO Transit and other participating local 905 transit agencies (Brampton Transit, Burlington Transit, Durham Regional Transit, Hamilton Street Railway, MiWay, Oakville Transit and York Regional Transit). However, this does not apply to the Union Pearson Express. Since 26 August 2018, there is also a 2-hour time-based transfer window available to Presto card or ticket holders who pay single fares using their stored card or ticket balance; with this transfer, customers are entitled to unlimited travel for two hours across the TTC network, from their first tap of the Presto card or ticket, and have the ability to enter and exit any TTC vehicle (bus or streetcar) or subway station and/or switch directions without having to pay another fare. Unlike the other Greater Toronto transit agencies, the time-based transfer is currently not available for those who carry TTC paper transfers; these are good for a continuous one-way trip with no stopovers or backtracking permitted.

 * YRT fares are assessed when boarding Züm buses in York Region due to fare integration with Viva Orange, even though both YRT and Brampton Transit fare media are accepted for Züm buses in York Region. Passengers holding a Brampton Transit period pass will not be assessed a fare when boarding a Züm bus in York Region, but will be assessed a fare for boarding Viva Orange. As Viva Orange is on a proof-of-payment system while Züm buses are pay-as-you-board, it does not matter whether fares are deducted at the Vivastation vending machine or on board a Züm bus, except in the case of Brampton Transit period pass holders.
 * Effective 26 August 2019, the Presto card can be used to pay a YRT fare on TTC bus routes that travel in York Region (north of Steeles Avenue), but limited-use TTC Presto tickets are not accepted.

Inter-agency transfers
Local transit systems (except for OC Transpo) within the Presto card's service area honour transfers from neighbouring transit systems, and transferring between neighbouring transit systems continues to be honoured with the Presto Card where they were honoured with traditional fare media.

On most transit agencies, paper transfers are not required for Presto card users since the card itself acts as proof-of-payment (POP) which can also be used to transfer from vehicle to vehicle or vehicle to station (and vice versa) and/or to show enforcement officers on designated POP routes on which they carry hand-held devices to verify that payment was made (tapped on upon entry to the station or vehicle) except in the following cases:
 * "Companion fares" – using stored value in the Presto card e-purse to pay fares for two or more passengers; paper transfers will be issued for all passengers other than the cardholder.
 * Depending on the transit operators involved, transferring from a local transit agency where the passenger has a local period pass to a neighbouring transit agency where the passenger does not (such as from Hamilton Street Railway to Burlington Transit while the Presto Card has a period pass for HSR); a full fare for the second transit agency will otherwise be assessed to the Presto Card.

As the Presto card is meant to replace paper transfers along with cash, tickets, tokens and paper passes, local transit operators have generally adopted the Presto card's transfer policies in their paper transfers (in the sense that, with the exception of the TTC and OC Transpo, all local transit operators accept each other's transfers, and will not reissue transfers originally issued by other local transit operators), except for a generally longer transfer window provided by the Presto card.

Use with non-Presto agencies

 * Barrie Transit: GO Transit users allowed to transfer to Barrie Transit buses for free by presenting their Presto cards at applicable connection points.
 * Guelph Transit: Free transfers to and from GO Transit are offered for Presto card users or other GO media to and from Guelph Central GO Station.
 * Grand River Transit: Free transfers to and from GO Transit are offered for Presto card users to and from Kitchener GO Station.
 * Milton Transit: GO Transit users allowed to transfer to Milton Transit buses for free by presenting their Presto cards or other GO media at applicable connection points.
 * Société de transport de l'Outaouais (STO): Presto card is compatible with STO Multi Card readers on STO buses. Passengers may use the Presto card to transfer to STO from OC Transpo; passengers with an OC Transpo monthly pass loaded on the Presto card may also board STO buses without having previously transferred from OC Transpo.
 * STO Multi Card readers are unable to deduct cash fares from Presto card holders. As such, the Presto cards may not be used to board an STO bus directly, nor provide companion fares.

Presto ticket

A Presto ticket is a single-use, paper ticket with an embedded electronic chip. Like the Presto card, users must tap the Presto ticket on a Presto reader when entering a TTC bus, streetcar or subway station. Unlike the Presto card, the Presto ticket is valid only for TTC services; it cannot be used for any other regional service providers or on TTC bus routes operating outside of the City of Toronto, such as those in York Region (north of Steeles Avenue) and Mississauga (west of Pearson Airport). The Presto ticket is intended for infrequent TTC customers.

There are 3 types of Presto ticket: 1-ride, 2-ride and day pass. Customers can purchase up to 10 Presto tickets at a time from Presto fare vending machines at all TTC subway stations. Unlike Presto cards, Presto tickets do not support concession fares for seniors, students, youth or children. As with Presto cards, there is a 2-hour transfer period for 1- and 2-ride Presto tickets for TTC services. The Presto day pass expires at 2:59a.m. on the day following the ticket's first use.

A Presto ticket is not reloadable and is meant to be discarded once the travel period has ended. Because of the embedded chip, the ticket is not recyclable. Presto tickets bought by individuals must be used within 90 days of purchase, although service agencies may purchase Presto tickets that can be used up to one year from purchase. All Presto tickets have an expiry date so as not to overload the central computer system that tracks all unexpired Presto tickets. Presto fare vending machines at subway stations have an inquiry feature to check whether a purchased Presto ticket is still valid.

, Presto tickets are available for purchase at all TTC subway stations.

Contactless payment by credit or debit card
On most GTHA transit systems, customers also have the option to pay their adult single-ride fares by tapping a contactless credit card, debit card (such as Visa, Mastercard, American Express, or Interac) or a mobile device (mobile phone or watch) on a Presto fare reader when or prior to boarding a transit vehicle (and alighting for GO Transit or UP Express) in addition to being able to use the Presto card. UP Express was the first transit service provider with this system on board when it first launched on 11 March 2021.

open contactless credit and debit card payment options can be used on the following transit service providers:
 * Brampton Transit
 * Burlington Transit
 * Durham Regional Transit
 * GO Transit
 * Hamilton Street Railway
 * MiWay (Mississauga)
 * Oakville Transit
 * Toronto Transit Commission (TTC)
 * UP Express
 * York Regional Transit

title: Presto card


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Pride (comics)

Pride, is a supervillain team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The characters are depicted as a criminal organization that controlled the Los Angeles area of the Marvel Universe. They are the parents and the initial and most prominent foes the Runaways have faced and are the team's greatest enemy to date. The Pride consists of six married couples who are secretly supervillains. They possess a wide range of abilities, skills, and resources. Each member of The Pride has their own unique powers or expertise, often related to their criminal or mystical backgrounds. The mafia-controlling Wilders, the time-traveling Yorkeses, the telepathic mutant Hayeses, the alien invader Deans, the mad scientist Steins, and the dark wizard Minorus.

Pride was often considered to be an efficient super-villain team that barred other villains from controlling Los Angeles. Although the real world did not know of Pride's existence, Mafia mob bosses who did, such as the Kingpin, admitted the group ran Los Angeles with efficiency and vision. The Pride first appeared in Runaways #1, published by Marvel Comics in 2003, and was created by Brian K. Vaughan and Adrian Alphona.

Pride also appeared in Hulu's television series Runaways set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, where most of them are presented as caring parents who act out of a desire to protect their children from a greater threat.

Original Pride
Although the Pride was the center of focus throughout the first volume of the series, their actual origin was only covered in the 13th issue. The six couples were called together in 1985 by the Gibborim, three mythical giants who had ruled the world when it had "originally been one, serene utopia". The Gibborim informed the couples (who revealed themselves to be aliens, time-travellers, magicians, scientists, mutants, and criminals) that they desired to turn the world into the same peaceful utopia it had been millions of years before, but did not have the strength. The Gibborim required the six couples' help ("a Pride") to wipe out the entire planet, and when they achieved their goal, six of the twelve who served them the best would be able to rule the world with them, while the other six would perish with the rest of the human race. The couples agreed, and formed The Pride.

The Gibborim required a sacrifice every year for twenty-five years in order to get their strength. During this time, the Gibborim rewarded The Pride with wealth and with enhancements to their natural abilities and powers so they could rule over Los Angeles, to a point where Norman Osborn calls them "the dominant and most feared criminal organization of the West Coast". Every year, The Pride gathered at the Wilder residence, using the excuse of an "annual charity fundraiser", while in reality, they would perform the "Rite of Blood", the ritual sacrifice of an innocent young female victim; the spirit of the victim would then be fed to the Gibborim in the "Rite of Thunder".

After Janet Stein became pregnant during their third year as a group, the Pride agreed to end its struggle against one another. Instead of half the couples surviving, they would instead have one child, with those children receiving the six places in the coming paradise, allowing the Pride's legacy to go on. Unbeknownst to the rest of the Pride, the Deans and the Hayes had made a deal: to murder the rest of the Pride and take the six tickets to paradise for themselves and their daughters, Karolina Dean and Molly Hayes, considering themselves superior to the other four families due to their natural abilities compared to the others' reliance on technology and tools.

When Obadiah Stane took his company, Tony Stark relocated to Los Angeles after saving a homeless man with psychological problems, but unintentionally attracted the attention of the Pride who believed that he had come to Los Angeles specifically to confront them. Despite their attempts to eliminate Stark by hiring the Serpent Society to kill him, Tony was able to assemble a new company called Imperio Techworks, convincing the locals to invest (with the new Iron Man acquiring Japanese investors after defeating a monster), which prompts Wilder to send Tony a message about his presence in the city. Unfortunately for Wilder, his actions resulted in Stark learning about the existence of the Pride; prior to this, all Stark knew was that the Serpent Society had been sent after him by a bald man, leading to the logical assumption that their attacks against him were organized by Stane. Although he was able to defeat and imprison the Pride with the aid of the Illuminati when they tried to confront him directly, Stark knew that he couldn't hold his "territory" once the Pride were out of prison as they were too well-connected. With that in mind, Tony handed Imperio Techworks over to one of his employees and departed after leaving Geoffrey Wilder a message; if the Pride left Imperio alone, Tony would not bring in virtually every superhuman contact he possessed to attack them.

Seventeen years after the Steins announced their pregnancy, the Pride's children inadvertently see the Rite of Blood and run away. With assistance of LAPD Lieutenant Flores, their parents frame their children for the murder of the innocent girl who served as their most recent sacrifice. A note left at the Deans' house reveals that one of the Runaways is secretly loyal to the Pride. The mole within the Runaways tips off the Pride about their involvement with Cloak and Dagger and alerts the Pride of their new hideout, forcing the Runaways to escape.

During a ceremony at the Rite of Thunder, Alex obtains Nico's Staff of One, Chase's Fistigons and Gertrude's dinosaur (Old Lace), manipulating his teammates into defeat and revealing himself as the mole. In reality, he also discovered the Deans' and Hayeses' betrayal.

Alex manipulated the Runaways as a way of taking the six tickets in paradise for himself, his parents, Nico and her parents. Nico brutally refuses his offer, beating up Alex in the process. Within seconds, the other Runaways retrieve their stolen items from Alex. Molly crushes the container carrying the soul of the latest girl sacrificed, the Gibborim destroy Alex, and the undersea lair in which they offer the soul collapses, trapping The Pride inside. Right before the lair collapses, the rest of the Pride finally learns of the Deans and Hayeses betrayal.

The Runaways assume the Pride is dead, even though no bodies were found.

With their defeat, the activities and the true extent of the Pride's influence in L.A. is reported to the public, leading to a slew of indictments, most notably within law enforcement ranging from theft to homicide. A news report three months later announces that the government is refusing to reveal any detail about the Pride or the Runaways (who are now known to the public as the Pride's children and vanquishers).

"New Pride"
At the end of issue #6 in the second series, a figure who had impersonated Chamber from the X-Men, is implied to be a resurrected Alex Wilder, and has formed a new Pride using some of the original team's tools, including the Minorus' Chameleon Glamour, a small talisman to disguise the user into any form. They had later used the Minorus' Eye-Spy Cauldron to spy on the Runaways, who had left from New York City and were returning to Los Angeles. They had also obtained the Steins' copy of the Abstract. It was later revealed that they were a group of Alex's former online friends on a role-playing game consisting of Stretch, Hunter, Lotus, and Oscar.

After they were revealed to be the "new Pride", Hunter hacked into Alex's game account, and through that eventually found his computer's journal and learned about Pride. After Alex's death, the friends find certain items from Pride in an attempt to bring back Alex, but end up killing Oscar, and bringing back a younger version of Alex's father Geoffrey from a time period of one year after joining Pride. Geoffrey then lied to the new Pride acting as the "good guy" and saying that the Runaways killed Alex. Ironically, the new Pride formed because Alex's friends claimed that they wanted to become more "responsible members of society", and begin acting like adults, the Runaways' philosophy states that no adults are to be trusted.

Geoffrey Wilder murders Gertrude Yorkes as part of a sacrificial ritual, but he is captured and returned to his own time (with his memory erased in the process) the new Pride disbands after the Runaways reveal Geoffrey Wilder's true goal. Following Gert's death, Stretch checks himself into a mental health facility, and Hunter joins the Peace Corps to atone for the "blood" on his hands. Lotus is kidnapped (or, as she puts it, "hired") by Chase Stein to help him resurrect Gert. When the attempt fails, Chase releases Lotus, telling her to burn her copy of the Abstract.

Alex Wilder's Pride
Alex Wilder starts a third incarnation of Pride where he has gotten known Harlem crime lords Black Mariah, Cottonmouth, Dontrell "Cockroach" Hamilton, Gamecock and some unnamed people to join him. Alex later approached Tombstone and Mr. Fish where he tells them about his father's group and that he is starting a new incarnation of Pride in Harlem. Afterwards, Alex beats up Tombstone and banishes Mr. Fish to Hell.

Original members
Despite Pride's allegiance to one another, rifts and alliances had been common amongst the group. The most notable of the alliances was the Hayeses and the Deans, who had plotted to betray the other remaining Pride members because they were human. All members of the Pride are given nicknames by the Gibborim.

The Wilder family
Geoffrey and Catherine Wilder ("the Thieves") are Alex Wilder's parents. They are crime bosses who posed as businesspeople. They handled illegal drug trade, gambling and robbery in Los Angeles. For this, these two established strong and powerful connections throughout Los Angeles, a reason the Pride is able to frame their kids for kidnap and murder. Geoffrey had led the entire Pride. Geoffrey originally appeared as a stern and demeaning man, who had forbidden his son from playing online roleplaying games. His cool persona is often distinguished, meaning other characters can detect his attitude, as evidenced when Nico is able to identify a 1985 version of Geoffrey. When the Gibborim had called them to the first meeting, Geoffrey and Catherine had been on the run from the cops, after a fresh robbery, where it was revealed that Geoffrey and Catherine had eloped, defying Catherine's mother's wishes. Originally appearing as average parents, it is shown the two can also have short tempers; when one of the Pride's agents informed Geoffrey that their children had run away, Geoffrey carried a dagger to Alex's room; Catherine later shot the same agent in the knee.

Geoffrey Wilder returns, after a group unintentionally brings a 1985 version of him back from his time. He was later defeated and returned to his time with his memory wiped by Nico.

The Yorkes family
Dale and Stacey Yorkes ("the Travelers") are Gertrude Yorkes's parents. They are time travellers who posed as antique dealers. The two, using a special 4-D portal, had traveled all over time, and had commissioned a genetically engineered dinosaur, mentally linking it with their daughter. They had lived in the 87th century. When the Gibborim had called them to the first meeting, Dale and Stacey had accidentally landed in 1985, where Stacey quotes was "the worst decade of the century". They believed the Gibborim would make a better world, one that wasn't full of superheroes who had foiled their plans in the past (and presumably the future). The two have a distinct way of speech (unlike the rest of the Pride, they have older-fashioned speech), and often imply they know what will go on in the future. They dress in pilot styles resembling that of Amelia Earhart, complete with the goggles, scarves, and gloves. It was later revealed their outfits were actually technical advances; their gloves cause fire and restraining shields. The Yorkes appear as self-righteous, obnoxious people, particularly Stacey. Gert had had a strong dislike of her parents because of an incident involving Gert's pet pig, which the Yorkes hated; after Gert had been playing with it, she had briefly left to answer the phone, and when she returned, she found it gone. She suspected her parents of the disappearance.

When the runaways are time-displaced to 1907, it was revealed the runaways had landed in a time the Yorkes were visiting, where the Yorkes are the heads of a super powered street gang known as the Sinners. When Chase reveals Gert is dead to Dale, he snaps, prompting him to almost assault Chase with his fiery gloves. Later on, Dale reveals the Yorkes have several kingdoms through time, and plan on destroying all of 1907 New York for the sake of their daughter. Unable to wipe their memories as she had already used that spell, Nico stops the Yorkes with her most complex spell yet ("The show must go on"), revealing a painful secret about the Yorkes: the Yorkes will remember everything they now know about their daughter's upcoming death as well as their own, but are enchanted to be unable to act on this knowledge in any way, even to each other; they cannot change the future or say anything that would cause a Grandfather Paradox.

The Dean family
Frank and Leslie Dean ("the Colonists") are Karolina Dean's parents. They are alien invaders from Majesdane (the homeworld of their race) who posed as Hollywood actors. The Deans are intergalactic arms traders to the Skrulls. In their alien form, they appear humanoid with bright, wispy skin, and can manipulate and control solar energy for a variety of purposes. When the Gibborim had called the Deans for the first meeting, the Deans were on a Hollywood set for their show, General Hospital. The two had inhibited Karolina's alien powers for most of her life by way of a medical alert bracelet that was forged from far-distant metal, telling her she had an allergy to penicillin. Frank had included Karolina in his will with a paper instructing her to take off the bracelet, but Karolina had discovered the will early. Frank and Leslie had originally appeared as a happy, smiling couple that complimented Karolina's special powers, but as issues went on, it was shown the two would have violent and warlike tempers; when the runaways battle their parents over Molly Hayes, Leslie appears rather viciously, returning every time she was knocked out; when Frank arrived from New York and discovered his daughter had already left home and discovered her powers, he had violently attacked Victor Stein roaring for his daughter. The Deans also were the only ones that didn't want a child. However, Leslie eventually believed that a child would put them on People magazine's cover. The Deans had conspired with the Hayeses to kill the rest of the Pride and take the six tickets in paradise for the two couples and their daughters.

When on the run, Karolina meets Xavin, an alien, and more about the Deans is revealed: the Deans had actually been exiled from their planet for criminal activities; the two immigrated to Earth where they took their last name from a memorial of James Dean. When Prince De'zean of the Skrulls had arrived at Earth to conquer it, Frank and Leslie had stopped him. In exchange, the two gave the Skrulls the coordinates of a much more valuable planet: Majesdane, the Deans' birth planet, which was hidden beneath a white dwarf star. To assure the Skrulls the coordinates were real, the Deans offered the prince their daughter's hand in marriage; therefore, Karolina was engaged to the son of the prince, Xavin. The Skrulls then left to destroy Majesdane, culminating in a fifteen-year war. The Deans had privately believed that Xavin would die in the war and wouldn't come to collect the marriage agreement. More recently, Karolina had a dream involving both her parents; in a split image, Leslie pulled Karolina to Earth, while Frank pulled Karolina to a milky ball that was Majesdane. It was later revealed by vaDanti, a Majesdanian soldier, that it was specifically Frank Dean who told the Skrulls where Majesdane was hidden.

When Daken invades Los Angeles with the hope of usurping the void left by the Pride, he begins taking drugs that are mixed with Majesdanian blood, referred to as "Heat Pills" but unaware that the drugs are costing him his healing factor.

The Stein family
Victor and Janet Stein ("the Wise Men") are Chase Stein's parents. They are world-renowned brilliant inventors (Tony Stark was once impressed by their work) who are known for making fortunes for what people believe are necessities. They also made "weaponized" gloves called Fistigons, multi-spectral goggles and the transport ship "the Leapfrog". When the Gibborim had called them for the first meeting, the Steins were in their laboratory. At the back of the Stein home is their workshop, which appears as a small shed. When entered, the space is equal to that of a large cave. The Steins are also responsible for the money the Pride obtains, as Victor revealed he and Janet had counterfeited the new fifty dollar bill within two minutes. The Steins have also created watches that zap electricity, watches that scan police radars and senses, creating the container that carries the soul they sacrifice, and they dress in scientific outfits for their villainous costumes. Janet Stein's pregnancy is the reason the remaining Pride wished to have children, and started the idea of offering their place to a child. Victor is the one parent often described as being the most abusive, as he first appears punching Chase across the face for getting C's, with Janet scolding slightly. A remark from Chase implies that his father regularly beats him. Chase later quotes his parents often argue. On the night of the Rite of Thunder, Victor tells Geoffrey that he really loves his son, and Janet later admits she doesn't know how her soul is, because of the murders.

When Chase receives an opportunity to bring Gert back to life, he immediately agrees to take it: sacrifice an innocent life and Gert would return alive. Chase agrees to the deal and wishes to sacrifice himself, because he had realized he was innocent; Victor would often abuse Chase when he was young, hitting him with a Burbank phone book, which Chase quotes as "strong enough to hurt but not leave any marks". Janet would then put on the radio, so she wouldn't hear her son crying downstairs. Victor would hurt him for getting a D in Algebra, a parking ticket, or even if he was just having a bad day. Chase had never thought of them as good excuses, so he had begun to make up his own, and even believe them, until he realized that he was entirely innocent.

The Hayes family
Gene and Alice Hayes ("the Outcasts") are Molly Hayes' parents. The two are telepathic mutants who posed as doctors. Gene first appears as a very awkward man, unwilling to talk about his daughter's puberty. Alice is described a strong and caring mother, but still able to offer up her own daughter as a ransom to capture the five other runaways. When the Gibborim had called the Hayes for the first meeting, Gene and Alice had been getting harassed by the neighbors, who had thrown rocks at them for being mutants. Just before a furious Gene was about to protect a whimpering Alice, the two had been called forth by the Gibborim. This led to the Hayeses' strong hatred towards humans, a reason they were willing to conspire with the Deans to kill the human members of the Pride and ensure the six tickets in paradise for themselves, Molly, and the three Deans. It was revealed early on that the Hayes had no idea Molly was a mutant herself, Molly having tested negative for the mutant gene, but when Molly's supposed puberty was actually her mutant genes kicking in, the Hayes were shocked. The two are telepaths, capable of memory removal and sedation, but this has been reversed on at least one occasion—when they had wiped Cloak's memory of ever encountering the Runaways, Cloak and Dagger traveled back to New York, where after receiving a blow to the head, Cloak remembered.

Molly had difficulty in believing her parents were villains for two main reasons: because of her age, and her strong empowering belief her parents were actually innocent people. After Molly had escaped a villain named "the Provost", Molly rescued several other runaway children who had thought their parents villains and offered them a place on the team. When they rejected and said they would go to their families, Molly later had a dream of her parents, reminding her they would still be going to Disneyland, and Molly admitting to her dream-mother that her whole experience as a runaway was a horrible nightmare. The dream-Alice comforts Molly by telling her it was nothing but a dream, and not to worry, because she's home.

Emma Frost later mentions that she knew the Hayeses; The Hellfire Club had originally reached out for them, but the Hayeses refused. Frost tells Cyclops that the Hayeses were monsters and suggested that Molly was probably better off without them. Later, Molly and her chaperone Wolverine are captured by a super-villain seeking revenge against the Hayeses for stopping his bid for Pride territory and brutally massacring his men and sadistically torturing him seven years previously. He happily confronts Molly with the reality of her parents' evil and sadism, telling her that her parents allegedly killed many people, including children, often for no reason and took pleasure in torturing them. He plans on exacting his revenge by killing Molly, though Wolverine manages to defeat him. Afterward, Wolverine comforts her, stating that her parents must have truly loved her despite being super-villains, though Molly accepts that they were "bad people" and realizes that she will never see her parents in the same light as before.

When Molly is sent to stay with her grandmother after the team disbands, she learns that this grandmother was her direct maternal grandmother, who had taken in Molly's father when he ran away, and carried out various genetic research to give Molly's parents their powers, accounting for how Molly's parents could share the same mutant power. Molly's grandmother eventually reveals her true agenda to try and genetically recreate Molly's dead parents, but Molly rejects this idea, choosing instead to return to the Runaways as the team come back together.

The Minoru family
Robert and Tina Minoru ("the Magicians") are Nico Minoru's parents. The two are dark wizards who posed as an average, church-going, middle-class couple. The two are the least-liked by the Pride; in a holograph, it's revealed the Steins and Yorkes consider them unstable because they're magicians; the Deans and Hayes hate them because they're humans; Geoffrey Wilder also criticizes Robert on one occasion. When the Gibborim had first abducted the Pride for the first meeting, the Minorus were on their wedding day. Arriving in the Gibborim's chamber with the rest of the Pride, the two quickly unleashed a black hole of bats at the Pride. In their first appearance, the two appear as an average couple, where Robert is unwilling to be late, and Tina is an Oprah fan. When the Runaways witness the Rite of Blood, they see that Robert conducts the enchanted spell of sacrifice. The Runaways see the Minorus in action when they get ambushed at the Steins' laboratory; Tina conducts her powers using a mystical Staff known as the "Staff of One", and Robert conducts his powers through a spell book. Tina attempted to stab Nico with the Staff, but, due to Nico's own innate magic and hereditary link with Tina, the Staff was absorbed by Nico, who kept it. It is later hinted that there is more than one Staff of One, as shown when Bo, the first lady to a drug dealer in New York, knew of Nico's incantation and Chase commented that Nico had "a Staff of One." The Minorus, though having mentioned that they only "dabbled" in the dark arts the first time the Pride was gathered, were given enough mystical power by the Gibborim to rule Los Angeles and even beyond. In the final battle with the Pride at the Marine Vivarium, Nico ignored the Wilders' and her parents' wishes to rule in the new world. Regardless, Tina screamed at Nico to run while she and Robert held back the Gibborim, a reason the Runaways were able to flee to safety.

The Minorus are considered highly proficient spellcasters of the dark arts, able to evoke spells of various effects with spoken incantations and without, capable of conjuring bats from nowhere, conducting the Rite of Blood, garbing themselves and others in their costumes, summoning the Staff of One and an enchanted tome (the Abstract), summoning waterspouts, killing a genetically engineered prehistoric creature, teleporting a Majesdanian alien back to his home planetoid in another galaxy, freezing another, even a holder of the Staff of One in time, and project energy blasts of sufficient strength to hold off Elder Gods (if but for moments). The Minorus are involved with various other mystical matters such as Dormammu and Agamotto. Nevertheless, for whatever reason (presumably due to the lack of the Staff of One because Nico stole it), the Minorus appeared incapable, despite their immense power and experience in dark magic, of locating the Runaways, though they were but at most several miles from the Pride.

When the Minorus combine their strength, without the usage of magical artifacts, they are capable of sending Frank Dean back to the planet he came from, while the Sorcerer Supreme Doctor Strange, with access to all his own magical items at the Sanctum Sanctorum, claims he cannot bring the New Avengers to Japan through any magical means.

Robert and Tina later appear in a dream that Nico has, where the two criticize Nico and call her a slut for kissing Alex, Chase, Topher, and Victor. Nico then overcomes her previous insecurities by quickly killing her parents in her dream by screaming a spell, "and I liked you better dead!"

The Minorus are mentioned to Nico by Marie LaVeau, who reveals that they were acquaintances of hers, and that they were never fully committed to the Dark Path, only to the Pride, unlike Marie. Marie claims to Nico that the Minorus used her, gained her trust, and betrayed her, taking the valuable and extraordinarily powerful Black Mirror from her. The Mirror possessed the ability to gaze into other dimensions, and even the power to travel through time, "if used correctly." Maries scathingly adds certain members of the Pride, such as the Yorkes, had access to the secrets of time traveling, which were shared not with the Minoru clan. The Minorus were so determined to learn about their own past and family secrets they used the Mirror to do so. Yet whatever vision they saw, it was so terrifying even they were unnerved and magically sealed the Mirror so none could ever use it again, instead causing a mere reflection to stare back at the beholder. Nico is told Marie requires her blood to unlock the Mirror's locking spell, and Nico herself does so, though also, as she intended, releases the Staff of One. Nico engages Marie in direct magical combat, and triumphs. However, after Nico unsuccessfully tries to utilize the power of the Mirror to revive Alex Wilder, Marie finds the last page of the Darkhold, and promises Nico that they will encounter each other again, leaving the teenage witch to stare at the shattered remains of the Black Mirror, indeed a mirror of her own life at the time.

After their death, their influence still lives on—the "New Pride" found their magical runestone as part of the ritual to summon Geoffrey Wilder to their present time, and uses more of their magical artifacts to their benefit, such as the Eye-Spy Cauldron to spy upon the Runaways and the chameleon glamour charm Wilder utilized to conceal his true identity by magically giving himself the voice and physical appearance of Chamber and Alex Wilder. The Minorus have also curiously made mention to the Spine of Agamotto, a benevolent powerful magical being who is the main patron of the Sorcerer Supreme and creator of the Eye of Agamotto to install a "lummox" as Los Angeles's governor. Nico also assumed the security daemons in their hostel were among the old defense spells of the Minorus, and according to her, the Silver Bullet Gang (a gang of werewolves) were actually driven out from Los Angeles by her parents.

Monk Theppie, an ally of Val Rhymin mentions Robert Minoru, his (presumed late) friend, once said that all things are possible, and says he misses the Minorus, appearing near tears when he thinks of them, and saying that the L.A. magic scene has not been the same without them: "Good times." This past relationship to the Minorus is also revealed to Nico when the two confront.

Former agents

 * Lieutenant Flores–A member of the LAPD. Shot in the leg by Catherine Wilder for bringing Cloak and Dagger to L.A. and then killed by Geoffrey Wilder after he failed to capture the children.
 * Alex Wilder–He was revealed to be a spy for his parents and the rest of the Pride. Killed by the Gibborim.

"New Pride"

 * Stretch–An overweight boy who lives with his grandmother (had role-played as several female and scantily clad superheroes such has Emma Frost, Ms. Marvel, and Invisible Woman). Armed with a sword made of the same alien metal as Karolina's medical bracelet, he had himself institutionalized after leaving the group.
 * Hunter–A thin young man with a stereotypical slacker appearance (had role-played as the Hulk). He was a hacker with enough skill to hack not only the Leapfrog, but Victor's systems. He joined the Peace Corps to atone for his evil deeds.
 * Lotus–A female fantasy fan who participates in Renaissance Fairs (had role-played as Daredevil). Given several mystical artifacts, she was the magic user of the group. She chose to return to her everyday life in an attempt to overcome her own personal demons.
 * Oscar–A man who often was fired from many jobs because of using the computers for online games (had role-played as Spider-Man).

Alex Wilder's Pride

 * Alex Wilder – Leader
 * Black Mariah –
 * Cottonmouth -
 * Dontrell "Cockroach" Hamilton –
 * Scimitar –
 * Gamecock –

House of M
The Pride is mentioned as ruling Southern California in the House of M reality. Unlike the mainstream reality, their children stay with their parents.

Film

 * Though not mentioned by name, Tina Minoru appears briefly in Doctor Strange, portrayed by Linda Louise Duan. She is depicted as being part of the Ancient One's sect.

Television

 * Pride appears in the Runaways TV series with Catherine Wilder portrayed by Angel Parker, Geoffrey Wilder portrayed by Ryan Sands, Leslie Dean portrayed by Annie Wersching, Frank Dean portrayed by Kip Pardue, Janet Stein portrayed by Ever Carradine, Victor Stein portrayed by James Marsters, Stacey Yorkes portrayed by Brigid Brannagh, Dale Yorkes portrayed by Kevin Weisman, Tina Minoru portrayed by Brittany Ishibashi, Robert Minoru portrayed by James Yaegashi, Gene Hernandez portrayed by Vladimir Caamaño and Alice Hernandez portrayed by Carmen Serano. This version of Pride formed out of necessity as opposed to personal reasons as their benefactor Jonah (played by Julian McMahon) has them blackmailed into helping him, with the sacrifices channeling the life energy of the victims to Jonah rather than the victims being explicitly killed and their souls trapped. Their backgrounds are more grounded in that they do not possess any superpowers with many of their known activities being possible through means of science. The Hernandezes died prior to the events of the show and Frank Dean is not a full time member and slightly unaware of the Pride's activities. At the end of season two, Frank is locked away by the Church of Gibborim while season three, saw the death of Catherine, Janet's mind getting converted into an AI and Robert getting hospitalized from severe injuries, leaving his fate unknown.

Video games
The Pride appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2. They appear in the "Runaways" DLC.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pride (comics)


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Ecko Unltd.

Yakira, L.L.C. (trade name: Ecko Unltd.) is an American urban fashion company founded by Marc Ecko in 1993. The company makes apparel and accessories under the brands Ecko Unltd. line for men and the Ecko Red line for girls and women. It is headquartered in New York City. The company's products gained public attention in the late 1990s; they were originally associated with hip-hop and skate culture and moved into mainstream urban culture in the early 2000s. It is most often associated with hip-hop. The style is based on graffiti art. Its brand features a rhino as its logo. Rap artist MC Serch of 3rd Bass assisted with marketing in the early years of the company.

History
Ecko Unltd. is a streetwear brand that was founded by Marc Ecko, an American fashion designer and entrepreneur, in 1993. The brand was originally established as a T-shirt company and quickly gained a following among hip-hop and urban culture enthusiasts. Over the years, Ecko Unltd. expanded its product offerings to include a wide range of clothing and accessories, including jackets, hoodies, jeans, and sneakers. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Ecko Unltd. became known for its bold, graphic designs and its association with hip-hop culture, and gained a reputation as a leading player in the streetwear market. In addition to its fashion offerings, Ecko Unltd. has also been involved in several partnerships and collaborations with other brands, artists, and musicians including Spike Lee and Chuck D, as well as having a segment in Good Morning America that featured its T-shirt designs.

The company later acquired Avirex and Zoo York. In 2009, Ecko Unlimited had over $1 billion in global revenue and was the largest brand in streetwear.

On October 27, 2009, Iconix Brand Group paid $109 million for a 51% stake in Ecko Unlimited. It acquired full ownership in May 2013.

Sponsorships
Ecko Unltd. has sponsored several artists, musicians, and athletes over the years as part of its marketing and brand-building efforts. Ecko Unltd. has been a sponsor of several streetwear and urban culture events, including fashion shows, streetwear exhibitions, and trade shows.

Skateboarding

 * Manny Santiago

Freestyle Motocross

 * Mike Metzger
 * Jeremy Stenberg

title: Ecko Unltd.


text:
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Note: If your browser does not properly display the Malayalam script characters, please see Enabling complex text support for Indic scripts, linked here or ml:Help:To Read in Malayalam for instructions on how to configure your computer.

title: Template:User ml


text: Category:Jebediah albums

title: Category:Jebediah albums


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matt Stoller

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Eugene van der Pijll 19:39, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Matt Stoller
Vanity blogger page Bloghate 03:45, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. Looks like vanity, indeed, with the inane comment about dogs. Alexa for bopnews.com, which is not actually mentioned in the article: 111,307. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  04:01, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 06:41, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Not vanity--the article was contributed by someone other than the subject if you check its history. The inane bit about dogs is lifted from the blurb on the 2004 Democratic Convention descriptions of bloggers they accredited. Matt Stoller was one of these, a distinction also left out of this tiny write-up. User:Betsythedevine
 * Keep. Notable in his field. Not only one of 123 bloggers at DNC 2004, he wrote the Democratic Convention's official weblog with the official blogger, Eric Schnure . --Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:19, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I Googled this guy's name and got 92,700 hits.--Kross 15:05, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Doesn't look like a vanity site - it even fails to identify his birth date. Unless, of course, that is just a sly trick.... However, it sounds like he was at least among the bloggers that the parties decided to take seriously. (This despite the fact that I cannot be troubled to read his blog.) --Habap 18:48, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Influential in bringing a presidential candidate into the race, how can he not be notable? That aside, he is distinctive for his coverage of the DNC and other political events. --ElfWord 11:36, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Stoller is notable. Kaibabsquirrel 23:03, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is a disruptive VfD nomination. Rhobite 02:25, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I object to User:Bloghate's POV attempt to purge all blog related articles. -- Infrogmation 02:27, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Contributions by nominator are suspicious given the (potentially offensive) user name.  Considering an WP:RFC if these disruptive actions continue. Hall Monitor 17:11, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: User talk:69.226.184.163

title: User talk:69.226.184.163


text:
File:Age of Mythology - The Titans Liner.jpg

Fair Use Rationale for Age of Mythology: The Titans

 * This image has been used in several websites, and so use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible or visible than it already is
 * The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the game.
 * Use of this image does not limit or prevent the license holders' ability to sell the game
 * The image is being used solely for the illustration and identification of Age of Mythology: The Titans
 * No substitute is available under a free license, nor could one be created that would provide the same information.
 * The image shows the cover of the game


text:
List of people from Fort Worth, Texas

The following are people of note who were born in, live in, or have formerly resided in Fort Worth, Texas.

Sports

 * Lance Cole Barrett (born 1984), Major League Baseball umpire
 * Tom Buckman (born 1947), professional football player
 * Beau Burrows (born 1996), MLB pitcher
 * Chennedy Carter (born 1998), professional basketball player for Atlanta Dream
 * Raymond Clayborn (born 1955), NFL football player
 * Kyle Crick, professional baseball player for the Pittsburgh Pirates
 * Donald Curry, former undisputed world welterweight boxing champion
 * John Douglas (1945–2005), NFL player
 * Brandon Finnegan, professional baseball pitcher for the Kansas City Monarchs
 * Jack Haden (1914–1996), football player
 * Phil Handler (1908–1968), NFL football player and coach
 * Brad Hawpe (born 1979), professional baseball player
 * Irv Hill (1908–1978), American football running back in the NFL for the Chicago Cardinals and Boston Redskins
 * Brock Holt (born 1988), professional baseball player
 * Rogers Hornsby (1896–1963), Hall of Fame baseball player
 * Keith Langford, professional basketball player
 * Yale Lary (1930–2017), Football Hall of Famer
 * Rod Manuel (born 1974), football player
 * Rags Matthews (1905–1999), football player for TCU
 * Suzanne Mitchell, director of the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders
 * Jeff Newman, MLB All-Star baseball player and manager
 * William Paulus, swimmer and former world record holder in the 100m Butterfly
 * Hunter Pence (born 1983), MLB baseball player
 * Mike Renfro (born 1955), former NFL player
 * Bryan Reynolds (born June 28, 2001), professional soccer player who plays as a right-back for Serie A club Roma and the United States national team
 * Chuck Reynolds (born 1946), football player
 * Mike Richardson (born 1946), NFL player
 * A'Shawn Robinson (born 1995), NFL player; attended Arlington Heights High School in Fort Worth
 * John Roderick (born 1944), professional football player
 * Johnny Rutherford (born 1938), race car driver, three-time winner of Indy 500
 * Denise Rutkowski (born 1961), professional bodybuilder
 * By Saam (1914–2000), sportscaster
 * Annie Sanders (born 2007), professional rock climber
 * Kelly Shoppach (born 1980), Major League Baseball catcher (2005–2013)
 * Slick (1957–), WWE wrestling manager
 * AJ Smith-Shawver, professional baseball pitcher for the Atlanta Braves
 * Hurley Tarver (born 1975), football player
 * Jeana Yeager (born 1952), broke distance records during her (and Dick Rutan's) 1986 nonstop flight around the world in an experimental Voyager

Politics and law

 * Lawrence A. Alexander (born 1943 in Fort Worth), law professor
 * Betty Andujar (1912–1997), first Republican woman in Texas State Senate (1973–1983)
 * H.S. Broiles (1845–1913), 6th Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas
 * Joel Burns (born 1969), politician
 * Reby Cary (1920–2018), educator, historian, and member of the Texas House of Representatives
 * L. Clifford Davis (born 1924), civil rights attorney and judge
 * Charlie Geren (born 1949), member of Texas House of Representatives from District 99 in Tarrant County
 * Pete Geren (born 1952), former member of U.S. House of Representatives; former U.S. Secretary of the Army; director of Sid W. Richardson Foundation
 * Craig Goldman (born 1968), member of Texas House of Representatives from District 97 in Fort Worth
 * Kay Granger (born 1943), U.S. Representative and former mayor of Fort Worth
 * John Hodgson (fl. 2022), Kentucky state representative born in Fort Worth
 * Debra Lehrmann, Texas Supreme Court justice, Place 3
 * Joe K. Longley, former President of the Texas State Bar
 * Lorraine Miller, first woman president of the NAACP, Interim president and CEO, 2014
 * John T. Montford (born 1943), businessman and former member of the Texas Senate
 * "Pappy" O'Daniel (1890–1969), Governor of Texas, U.S. Senator and radio personality
 * Bill Owens (born 1950), former Governor of Colorado (1999–2007)
 * Hugh Parmer (1939–2020), mayor of Fort Worth 1977 to 1979; member of both houses of Texas State Legislature
 * Bennett Ratliff (born 1961), state representative from District 115 in Dallas County; civil engineer
 * Tom Schieffer (born 1947), U.S. Ambassador to Japan, candidate for governor
 * Mark M. Shelton (born 1956), pediatrician and politician
 * Jonathan Stickland (born 1983), state representative from Tarrant County
 * Bascom N. Timmons (1890–1987), journalist and political advisor
 * Daniel E. Walker (1927–2009), civil servant, rescued remains of flag burned in protest at 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas
 * Jim Wright (1922–2015), U.S. Congressman from Texas and Speaker of the House

Film and television

 * Adrienne Ames (1907–1947), actress
 * Texas Rose Bascom (1922–1993), film and television actress, National Cowgirl Hall of Fame inductee 1981
 * Patricia Blair (1933–2013), actress
 * Wes Brown (born 1982), actor
 * Betty Buckley (born 1947), Tony Award-winning actress
 * Kate Capshaw (born 1953), actress, married to Steven Spielberg
 * Julio Cedillo (born 1970), actor, raised in Fort Worth
 * Candy Clark (born 1947), Oscar-nominated actress
 * Kenneth Copeland (born 1936), televangelist
 * Noah Cottrell, actor
 * Shelley Duvall (1949-2024), actress
 * George Eads (born 1967), actor
 * Richard Gilliland (1950–2021), actor best known as JD Shackleford in Designing Women
 * Judy Graubart (born 1943), actress, The Electric Company
 * Larry Hagman (1931–2012), actor, son of actress Mary Martin, played J.R. Ewing in Dallas
 * Bug Hall (born 1985), actor
 * Harriet Sansom Harris (born 1955), actress, Frasier, Desperate Housewives
 * Martha Hyer (1924–2014), Oscar-nominated actress
 * Jesse Jane (1980-2024), pornographic actor
 * Benton Jennings, actor
 * Candace Kita, actress and model
 * Wallace Langham (born 1965), actor, The Larry Sanders Show, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, and CSI: Vegas
 * David Mann (born 1966), actor, comedian and gospel singer
 * Tamela Mann (born 1966), actor, singer and songwriter
 * Lisa McRee (born 1961), television journalist
 * Leighton Meester (born 1986), actress
 * Lynn Merrick (1919–2007), actress
 * Dan Hewitt Owens (born 1947), actor
 * Fess Parker (1924–2010), actor
 * Bill Paxton (1955–2017), actor, starred in Titanic, Frailty, TV series Big Love; attended Arlington Heights High School in Fort Worth
 * Richard Rawlings (born 1969), entrepreneur and reality television star
 * Rex Reed (born 1938), film critic, actor, television host
 * Rod Roddy (1937–2003), television announcer on game shows, like Press Your Luck & The Price is Right
 * Ginger Rogers (1911–1995), actress and dancer who moved to Fort Worth at age 9; attended Central (Paschal) High School
 * Bob Schieffer (born 1937), journalist, CBS Evening News anchor and Face the Nation host
 * Michael "Bear" Taliferro (1961–2006), actor
 * Hunter Tylo (born 1962), actress
 * Lisa Whelchel (born 1963), actress, The Facts of Life
 * Keith L. Williams, actor
 * Van Williams (1934–2016), actor, The Green Hornet
 * Morgan Woodward (1925–2019), actor, Dallas and Cool Hand Luke
 * Carlson Young (born 1990), actress, Scream

Military

 * Horace S. Carswell Jr. (1916–1944), USAAF, KIA World War II; posthumous Medal of Honor recipient; namesake of Carswell Air Force Base
 * Robert David Law (September 15, 1944 – February 22, 1969), Medal of Honor recipient
 * Charles F. Pendleton, posthumous Medal of Honor recipient for actions in the Korea War; R. L. Paschal High School, Class of 1953
 * William C. Rogers III (born 1938), United States Navy Captain of the USS Vincennes; involved in the shootdown of Iran Air Flight 655

Music

 * Trey Anastasio (born 1964), guitarist, singer, songwriter, and composer best known as the lead guitarist of the rock band Phish
 * Gerry Beckley (born 1952), singer-songwriter, founding member of the band America
 * Leon Bridges (born 1989), soul singer and Grammy nominee
 * T-Bone Burnett (born 1948), Oscar-winning songwriter, record producer, musician
 * Kelly Clarkson (born 1982), Grammy winning singer, original American Idol winner, Emmy winner talk show host
 * Van Cliburn (1934–2013), pianist
 * Ornette Coleman (1930–2015), jazz musician
 * Jeff Current, lead singer of Against All Will
 * Bobby Day (1928–1990), musician
 * John Denver (born Henry John Deutschendorf Jr., 1943–1997), singer-songwriter
 * Johnny Dowd (born 1948), musician
 * Manet Harrison Fowler (1895–1976), singer, music educator, painter
 * Kirk Franklin (born 1970), gospel singer and producer
 * Pat Green (born 1972), country musician
 * Marcus Haddock (born 1957 in Fort Worth), opera singer
 * Derek Hames (born 1979 in Fort Worth), record producer, singer, songwriter, and musician
 * Taylor Hawkins (1972–2022), drummer for Foo Fighters
 * Julius Hemphill (1938–1995), jazz composer and saxophone player
 * iayze, rapper and songwriter
 * Ronald Shannon Jackson (1940–2013), jazz drummer
 * Cody Jinks, country music singer-songwriter
 * Prince Lasha (William Lawsha) (1929–2008), jazz saxophonist and flutist
 * Vaden Todd Lewis (born 1965), lead vocalist and guitarist for the rock band Toadies
 * Samuel S. Losh (1884–1943), vocalist, composer, and music educator
 * Kirstin Maldonado (born 1992), singer-songwriter
 * Delbert McClinton (born 1940), singer-songwriter
 * Roger Miller (1936–1992), singer-songwriter
 * Gary Morris (born 1948), singer
 * Oh, Sleeper, heavy metal band
 * Clay Perry (born 1990), songwriter and recording artist
 * Dewey Redman (1931–2006), free jazz saxophonist
 * Townes Van Zandt (1944–1997), country music singer-songwriter
 * William Walker (1931–2010), opera singer and director

Academics and writing

 * Mel Bradford (1934–1993), literary critic
 * Heloise Bowles Cruse (1919–1977), syndicated columnist, Hints from Heloise
 * James T. Draper, Jr. (born 1935), author, Baptist leader
 * Clare B. Dunkle (born 1964), author, librarian
 * Beth Haller, journalism professor
 * Patricia Highsmith (1921–1995), author of Strangers on a Train and The Talented Mr Ripley
 * Lillian B. Horace (1880–1965), author, educator, librarian
 * Dan Jenkins (1929–2019), sports journalist and author
 * Sally Jenkins (born 1960), sports journalist and author
 * Mary Daggett Lake (1880–1955), historian, botanist, and educator
 * Robert L. Lynn (1931–2020), journalist, poet, and retired college president
 * Blanche McVeigh (1895–1970), printmaker and art educator
 * Hazel Harvey Peace (1907–2008), educator, activist, and humanitarian
 * Theresa A. Powell (1952–2023), academic administrator
 * Ben H. Procter (1927–2012), historian
 * Rex Reed (born 1938), film critic
 * Lenora Rolla (1904–2001), activist, educator, and historian
 * Jennie Scott Scheuber (1860–1944), public library pioneer and Fort Worth's first librarian
 * Liz Smith (1923–2017), journalist, syndicated columnist
 * Blake R. Van Leer (1897–1956), colonel, civil rights icon, and president of Georgia Institute of Technology

Science

 * Alan Bean (1932–2018), artist, retired NASA astronaut (1981); R. L. Paschal High School, Class of 1950; carried Paschal High School's flag to the Moon
 * Robert Bruce Merrifield (1921–2006), biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1984
 * Clyde Snow (1928–2014), forensic anthropologist

Business and philanthropy

 * Sid Bass (born 1943), billionaire, Sundance Square developer, major stockholder in The Walt Disney Company
 * Electra Carlin (1912–2000), art dealer
 * Amon G. Carter (1879–1955), civic booster, philanthropist, creator and publisher of Fort Worth Star-Telegram
 * T. Cullen Davis (born 1933), millionaire tried and acquitted for 1976 murders of Stan Farr and Andrea Wilborn
 * Edna Gladney (1886–1961), founder of Edna Gladney Home
 * Brad Hunstable (born 1978), founder of Ustream
 * Hazel Vaughn Leigh (1897–1995), founder of the Fort Worth Boys Club
 * Bill Noël (1914–1987), oil industrialist and philanthropist from Odessa, born in Fort Worth
 * Sid W. Richardson (1891–1959), oilman, cattleman and philanthropist
 * Lucille Elizabeth Bishop Smith (1892–1985), entrepreneur, chef, and inventor
 * A. Latham Staples (born 1977), CEO of EXUSMED, civil rights activist and founder of Empowering Spirits Foundation

Other

 * Ma Beland (1870–1952), leader of a crime family involved in narcotics
 * Cattle Annie (1882–1978), female bandit, lived in Fort Worth 1910–1912
 * Mark David Chapman (born 1955), killer of John Lennon
 * Brown Harwood (1891–1963), realtor and leader in the Ku Klux Klan
 * Opal Lee, activist promoting the Juneteenth federal holiday
 * G. Craige Lewis (born 1969), Christian minister
 * Lee Harvey Oswald (1939–1963), accused assassin of President John F. Kennedy
 * Gretchen Polhemus, Miss Texas USA 1989 and Miss USA 1989
 * Skratch (born 1972), pinstripe artist and fabricator
 * Soapy Smith (1860–1898), infamous con man who started his career in Fort Worth
 * Randy Souders (born 1954), visual artist and disability rights advocate

title: List of people from Fort Worth, Texas


text:
Talk:Armistice of 22 June 1940

Old
It was Hitler's crowning moment.

 * Quite. Hitler must have been the happiest person in the world at that moment; his entire life vindicated. It must have been fantastic to be him on this day. His pores must have exuded triumph, power and sexual energy. None of the other dictators or political leaders in the entire century could have had such a moment of personal triumph. Their enemies were either diffuse, imaginary, or died off-stage. I imagine Eva Braun's orifice was sore for days afterwards. Perhaps this day was one of the great cusps of history, and if Hitler's life story is treated as an epic tragedy this must be akin to the infinitesimally brief moment when King Arthur had everything lined up, just right. -Ashley Pomeroy 12:47, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

One would think that Stalin would have had a similar moment of personal triumph meeting Truman and Atlee at Potsdam im 1945 secure in the knowledge that the greatest threat to the survival of the Soviet Empire and world communism -- Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany -- had been destroyed forever and that through their own errors and misjudgements the Western Allies he dispised were powerless to prevent him from doing as he wished in Central Europe. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.22.47.232 (talk) 08:20, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

one would think that the robots that have taken over by this point in time would have stoopped hitler but unfortunately that was not the case. more and more people began to migrate to Robot gERMANY and that is what hitler wanted more people to come to his country = more to set his robo dogs on. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 167.98.65.67 (talk) 13:40, 18 June 2018 (UTC)

Surrender Delegations
Who was in the carriage? In the Wochenau newsreel, Hitler and Keitel are named on the German side, Huntziger on the French side. Who else was there, and what were their jobs? I would be interested to know who the fat civilian was with the hat, on the French side. He looked unhappy about something (g). 24.130.15.8 (talk) 09:37, 7 September 2014 (UTC)

Timeline
Four articles I've looked at have disagreements in the timeline in June 1940 of the armistice being signed and France surrendering. The article Timeline of World War II gives the following: This disagrees with Armistice with France (Second Compiègne) which currently says the Armistice was signed on June 21. The article Battle of France currently states that France surrendered on June 25, as does the article Military history of France during World War II. I don't know which is correct, so I won't make any changes, but somebody should sort this out and find the correct dates, and then ensure that these four articles are mutually consistent. --Mathew5000 19:09, 23 June 2006 (UTC)
 * June 21: Franco-German armistice negotiations begin at Compiegne.
 * June 22: Franco-German armistice signed.
 * June 24: France officially surrenders to Germany; Franco-Italian armistice signed.

 * The armistice with Germany was signed on 22 June, 18:50. In it Article 23 stipulated that it would come into force six hours after an armistice was signed with Italy. The armistice with Italy was signed on 24 June, 18:35 (19:35 in Rome). Thus at 0:35 on 25 June the French Army surrendered. So there was no armistice as opposed to a capitulation: they were two aspects of the same act.--MWAK 19:58, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Moved from article
"[[Dankmar Leffler and Klaus-Peter Schambach have written a book called "The Secret Journey in the Fourth Reich?- The Legengary Railroad Carriage of Compiegne" (Geheime Fahrt ins Vierte Reich?-Der legendaere Eisenbahnwaggon von Compiegne" Printed by Barthel-Druck Arnstadt 2006). It was subsidized by IBM Germany. But since East Germans speak Russian, and not English, as a second language, I am unaware of an English Translation. email to the authors is waggon-compiegne@web.de"

Fall of France
The article on Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope (featured today on the front page) links to this article with the link text "Fall of France". Now it seems to me (as someone unfamiliar with detail on WWII) that although Wikipedia identifies this as an alternative name for the Battle of France (in the article of the same name), the Cunningham article is right in discursively referring to the consequent armistice as being relevant part of the Fall in that context. However, this article doesn't refer to that term at all, which is confusing when it's the subject of a link of that description. Could someone who know their stuff find an appropriate way to add to the article that this is a term which is in use in relation to the Armistice? BigBlueFish (talk) 01:54, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

French military
Not sure if this is the best place to ask this, but -

This claims that a small French military was preserved. Where - in the north, or south? If in the north, did it participate in the Allied invasion four years later? Brutannica (talk) 22:40, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

 * The armistice specified that the only exception to demobilisation and disarming would be for groups necessary for the maintenance of internal order - I guess they meant the French Gendarmerie, which, although carrying out police duties, is a military force. The relevant text (my italics and emphasis) says:

 * Article 4. Die französische Wehrmacht zu Lande, zu Wasser und in der Luft ist in einer noch zu bestimmenden Frist demobilzumachen und abzurüsten. Ausgenommen davon sind nur jene Verbände, die für die Aufrechterhaltung der inneren Ordnung nötig sind. Ihre Stärke und Bewaffnung bestimmen Deutschland bzw. Italien. ...
 * Scartboy (talk) 13:07, 20 September 2011 (UTC)

 * PS The texts of the German and Italian armistices, in German and Italian respectively, are available as a 1.2MB PDF at http://www.zaoerv.de/10_1940/10_1940_1_4_b_851_2_860_1.pdf (Link courtesy of German Wikipedia) Scartboy (talk) 13:15, 20 September 2011 (UTC)

 * I have since discovered that there was a Vichy army of about 90,000 without heavy weapons or equipment, which was based in the non-occupied part of France and was disbanded when the Vichy zone was taken over by the Germans in November 1942. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vichy_France#Army_of_the_Armistice Scartboy (talk) 16:28, 21 September 2011 (UTC)

Copy section to Wikisource request
To copy the identified section to Wikisource, we need to know that the translation is in the public domain. To do that we need details of the source of the work, and/or the details of the translator, or indication that we have an OTRS of the text from the translator. Get back to me directly if there is assistance or clarification required. billinghurst  sDrewth  14:56, 3 July 2010 (UTC)
 * It's be on Wikisource since 13 May 2004, see Franco-German_Armistice. — James (Talk • Contribs) • 5:50pm • 07:50, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

Requested move 03 December 2014

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved.   A rbitrarily 0   ( talk ) 04:22, 9 January 2015 (UTC)

Second Armistice at Compiègne → Armistice of 22 June 1940 – I am proposing this because the current title is basically a Wikipedian neologism. The proposed title is relatively common in the literature (and in French), but it has a drawback. The armistice did not come into effect until shortly after midnight on 25 June. Another alternative would be Franco-German armistice (1940), or without parentheses ("of 1940"). There was an earlier Franco-German armistice in 1871. Relisted -- Calidum  23:41, 30 December 2014 (UTC)  --Relisted. Dekimasu よ! 17:23, 10 December 2014 (UTC) Srnec (talk) 03:12, 3 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Support After a brief search for the current name, I'm willing to believe that the current title is not the common name given in the literature. Yet since the sources currently included on the page are rather sparse, do you have any more to contribute that would support a new name? Regarding the discrepancy in date— I'm not terribly worried about that; V-E day suffers from a similar problem, with two documents signed on two different days. Go with the more widely used name. Regards, Orange Suede Sofa  (talk) 03:33, 5 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Oppose. We've been over all this before. It's not a Wikipedian neologism. Don't fix what ain't bust. Andrewa (talk) 12:36, 10 December 2014 (UTC)
 * There are about 10 sources I can find via Google Books that use this term. It is not the common name. Shirer used it as a section heading, and that is probably its only claim to fame. "Armistice of 22 June 1940" is more common. Where did we have this discussion before? Srnec (talk) 14:03, 10 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Possibly a reference to Talk:Armistice of 11 November 1918, but Andrewa supported that request. Dekimasu よ! 17:23, 10 December 2014 (UTC)
 * 116 sources use "Armistice of 22 June 1940", 182 use ""Second Armistice at Compiègne"", 13,000 use "Franco-German Armistice" 1940 . Current title nor the proposed is likely the most common but the proposed is certainly a better synthesis of the date and it's relation to a franco-german armistice.--Labattblueboy (talk) 05:26, 2 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Support As noted in the discussion for the 1918 article, I find Armistice at Compiègne, Armistice of 22 June 1940 or Franco-German Armistice of 22 June 1940 as acceptable. The formal name (translated) of the agreement is Armistice Agreement between the German High Command of the Armed Forces and French Plenipotentiaries, Compiègne, June 22 1940 and other than Second Armistice at Compiègne all have some level of usage in publications.--Labattblueboy (talk) 05:20, 2 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose – the rational is false; the current title is actuallly in lots of books. Support – since the oldest of the book hits credits wikipedia, nom seems to be correct that we made up this title.  Dicklyon (talk) 06:54, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Which one is Shirer?
Who are the three people in this photo, sitting on the bench? Which one is Shirer?-71.174.185.107 (talk) 16:01, 27 January 2017 (UTC)

"fermented the war"
Fomented?2A02:AA1:101E:2D87:C1AD:269A:6566:1C1 (talk) 13:25, 28 August 2019 (UTC)

Proof???
The article says "As one of Hitler's few concessions, the French Navy was to be disarmed but not surrendered, for Hitler realized that pushing France too far could result in France fighting on from the French colonial empire. " There is no source. You can easily see why a decision would be made but there is not proof Hitler made that decision or that he did for that reason. There isn't even proof that it was a concession and not a starting point. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Warmallis0n (talk • contribs) 07:42, 19 May 2020 (UTC)

Expansion needed
This article needs expansion or reorganization, in order to have sections on core features of the Armistice, such as the colonial empire, the payment of costs of occupation, and retention of the French fleet. Mathglot (talk) 19:27, 27 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Armistice of 22 June 1940


text:
File:Age of Mythology Liner.jpg

Fair use rationale for use in Age of Mythology
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) This image has been used in several websites, and so use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible or visible than it already is;
 * 2) The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the game;
 * 3) Use of this image does not limit or prevent the license holders' ability to sell the game;
 * 4) The image is being used solely for the illustration and identification of Age of Mythology;
 * 5) No substitute is available under a free license, nor could one be created that would provide the same information; and
 * 6) The image shows the cover of the game in a way that no free-image could.

title: File:Age of Mythology Liner.jpg


text:
Talk:Viceregal throne (Ireland)

[Untitled]
Why is there a "Presidents of Ireland" template in this article? There is nothing similar in (say) White House or Air Force One. I intend to remove it in an attempt to reverse the "creeping templatitis" which is affecting many WP articles. Pete 03:49, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Because it is now used by the President of Ireland. D'oh! FearÉIREANN \(caint)  20:18, 7 July 2020 (UTC)

Image
Removed image. That is NOT of the viceregal throne. That is the throne of the sovereign. The viceregal throne was a different throne. FearÉIREANN \(caint) 20:18, 7 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Viceregal throne (Ireland)


text:
Talk:Isotropy

For a May 2005 deletion debate over this page see Votes for deletion/Isotropy

Merge with "Rotational invariance"?
I don't thing it is appropriate. The concepts are distinct and the names are distinct. Isotropic is a global property of a tensor field, saying that it is everywhere a scalar. For one thing, rotational invariance is more vague, e.g. one can say that f(x,y) is rotationally invariant if f(x,y) = g(x^2 + y^2) for some g. I don't think people would use "isotropic" for this. Does this make sense ? Jorge Stolfi 22:10, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

I certainly wouldn't know to look up Rotational invariance when looking for isotropic for materials questions on my university course. The seperate entry is useful. ps this is my fist Wikipedia addition :-) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.169.93.4 (talk • contribs)

The latter argument is ok with me. Concerning your first, you should read what the article says about "optical isotropy" (Check out the link also). [user:milk]

 * I've removed the notice, as the arguments favour removing it. —Pengo 22:26, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

still, it would be good to mention the connection. A tensor field is called isotropic if it is rotationally invariant at each point or in other words spherically symmetric at each point, right? --MarSch 11:23, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

Chemistry usage
There is a chemistry usage which should also be mentioned —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.14.162.128 (talk) 12:28, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Rheology
The isotropy of a fluid is important in rheology. Perhaps we could get someone from the rheology page to write a section for us. 128.173.39.143 (talk) 20:34, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

Isotropic Aerial
..." The gain of an arbitrary antenna is usually reported in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna, and is expressed as dBi or dB(i). ..." . Uhh, when I studied gain and directivity of aerials in 1975, I seem to recall that it was compared to a dipole. Is my memory that bad? Old_Wombat (talk) 09:28, 11 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Both definitions are used (dBi, dBd); see Antenna gain. D Anthony Patriarche (talk) 16:41, 31 January 2019 (UTC)

cubes and cubic crystals
There needs to be somewhere in Wikipedia that cubic crystals are optically (and electrically) isotropic. Since the polarizabililty tensor is diagonal with all elements equal, so will any rotation of it. In common usage, this is the reason to use cubic zirconia (instead of hexagonal, optically anisotropic and so birefringent zirconia) in jewelry. Also, a solid cube has the same moment of inertial around any axis through the center, for the same reason. Gah4 (talk) 00:46, 8 April 2020 (UTC)

How do you pronounce it?
How? BTW, I am completely out of place by making this comment. !ZanzibarWikiwoowiiBarfuttress (talk) 09:50, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Isotropy


text:
Talk:Searches for Noah's Ark

David Rohl's views on where Noah's ark might have landed
I think that the 20thC section of the article would benefit from a reference to British archaeologist David Rohl's view on where Noah's ark, whether real or mythical, might have landed. He devotes 7 pages of his book 'Legend (The Genesis of Civilisation)' to the issue (pages 146 to 152). I consider it important to record his view that Mount Ararat is a relatively 'modern' misidentification. In addition, Rohl is a professional archaeologist - in contrast to many others whose views are reported in the article. The final sentence of his conclusion on page 152 of his book is: "The peak of Judi Dagh, bordering upon the Mesopotamian lowlands in the region later known as Assyria is, in fact the original traditional site of the ark's landing as stated by numerous early authorities." This seems to me to be an entirely unobjectionable statement. (P.S. I am not an American evangelistic fundamentalist!) Abutlwer (talk) 21:01, 15 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Hello. In its current form, the view cannot remain in the article. The wording lacks NPOV. What evidence was presented and according to whom his argument is "convincing"? As another editor pointed out, you need a reliable and independent secondary source so that there can be an objective analysis of this view, if there are any out there. StephenMacky1 (talk) 21:27, 15 March 2024 (UTC)
 * So what do you suggest? Rohl's book is not a 'popular' work.  If I send you a PDF of the pages, will you be able to read them and suggest a suitable draft?  Many thanks.  Note that I have omitted 'convincing' from the talk above! Abutlwer (talk) 22:03, 15 March 2024 (UTC)
 * We need sources discussing his work, not his own statements. If there aren't any then we don't mention Rohl. See WP:Fringe  Doug Weller  talk 09:45, 16 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I've read them. It was all pretty speculative. Sorry, but without a secondary source, there is nothing that can be done here. StephenMacky1 (talk) 10:19, 16 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @Abutlwer He is not a professional archaeologist at all, he only has a BA in Ancient History and Egyptology. And as I said in my edit summary, he is fringe. Noah is a myth, there was no Ark.  Doug Weller  talk 21:55, 15 March 2024 (UTC)
 * And the secondary source for your authorative statements are ...? 92.3.95.222 (talk) 22:06, 15 March 2024 (UTC)
 * You really should be using your account you know. It's cowardly to logout to comment. Or are you blocked? Rohl's claim to have the BA is probably correct, lying about it wouldn't work. You need to read Noah and Noah's Ark for the sources, I'm not doing your research for you.  Doug Weller  talk 09:49, 16 March 2024 (UTC)
 * We do not have an article on David Rohl, but we have one on his New Chronology. His views are not accepted by mainstream Egyptology. Dimadick (talk) 11:42, 16 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Searches for Noah's Ark