text:
Linda Foley

Linda K. Foley (born March 10, 1955) is an American politician and labor organizer who previously served as president of the Newspaper Guild and vice-president of the Communications Workers of America from 1995 through 2008. In December 2021, Maryland Governor Larry Hogan appointed her to fill a vacancy in District 15 of the Maryland House of Delegates (Montgomery County).

Early life and career
Foley was born in Pittsburgh on March 10, 1955, where she attended Fox Chapel Area High School.

She was a reporter for the Lexington Herald-Leader in Lexington, Kentucky before turning to full-time work at the Guild in 1984. She was elected its secretary-treasurer in 1993 and its president in 1995. She received a Bachelor of Science degree in journalism from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, in 1977.

In 1995, Foley was elected the first woman President of the Newspaper Guild, which would eventually merge with the Communications Workers of America in 1997. In May 2008, Foley was defeated for re-election by Newspaper Guild Secretary-Treasurer Bernie Lunzer.

Foley later became the president of the Berger-Marks Foundation, an organization promoting women in the labor movement, which closed in 2017. She was elected to the Montgomery County, Maryland, Democratic Central Committee in 2018 and subsequently became the chair of the Montgomery County, Maryland, Democratic Party.

In the legislature
In December 2021, the Montgomery County Democratic Party voted 20-2 to nominate Foley to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of former Delegate Kathleen Dumais, who was appointed as a Circuit Court judge by Maryland Governor Larry Hogan. Her opponents, attorney Michael Shrier and former delegate Saqib Ali, each garnered one vote. Hogan appointed Foley to the House of Delegates on December 14, 2021.

Other memberships

 * Women Legislators of Maryland (2021–present)

Controversy
Ms. Foley drew criticism after May 13, 2005, for stating that the U.S. military is responsible for journalists being targeted – "not just being targeted verbally or, politically. They are also being targeted for real, in places like Iraq. What outrages me as a representative of journalists is that there's not more outrage about the number, and the brutality and the cavalier nature of the US military toward the killing of journalists in Iraq. I think it's just a scandal. They target and kill journalists from other countries, particularly Arab countries like Al Jazeera, for example. They actually target them and blow up their studios with impunity."

In August 2005, the Columbia Journalism Review stated in an editorial: "Target and kill? Foley has been under attack since she said those words. And should be. Even the infamous killing of journalists by tank fire at the Palestine Hotel in Baghdad was found not to have been deliberate, in an extensive investigation by Reporters Without Borders. Some facts: according to The Committee to Protect Journalists, at least 36 journalists have been killed in action in Iraq since March 2003, along with 18 media support workers; insurgent actions account for 34 of those 54 deaths; U.S. military fire accounts for at least 11. The committee says the record shows that "the military seems indifferent and unwilling. . . to take steps to mitigate risk." But target and kill? The committee finds "no evidence to conclude that the U.S. military has deliberately targeted the press in Iraq. So on that subject here's what Foley should have said: nothing."

title: Linda Foley


text:
Category talk:Northern Cyprus

Within Turkey?
Why is this project in "Wikiproject Turkey"? NC does not claim to be a territory of Turkey. Also, Turkey did not claim any territory of NC? So, interesting.Ayka3b (talk) 20:19, 26 May 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category talk:Northern Cyprus


text: Template:User io-2

title: Template:User io-2


text:
Oliver's Army

"Oliver's Army" is a song written by Elvis Costello and performed by Costello and the Attractions, from the former's third studio album Armed Forces (1979). The song is a new wave track that was lyrically inspired by the Troubles in Northern Ireland and includes lyrics critical of the socio-economic components of war. Costello had travelled to Northern Ireland and was influenced by sights of British soldiers patrolling Belfast. Musically, the song features a glossy production and a keyboard performance inspired by ABBA, creating a juxtaposition between the lyrics and music that both critics and Costello have pointed out.

Released as the first single from Armed Forces, "Oliver's Army" was Costello's most successful single in the United Kingdom, spending three weeks at number two on the UK Singles Chart and remaining on the chart for 12 weeks. The song also charted in New Zealand, the Netherlands, Ireland and Australia, and it spawned the successful follow-up single "Accidents Will Happen", which reached the top 30 in the UK.

"Oliver's Army" has since been recognised by writers as one of the highlights of Armed Forces and has received critical acclaim for its melody, production, and lyrics. The song has appeared on numerous rankings of Costello's great songs as well as on multiple compilation albums. It has been covered by multiple artists, including Blur.

Background
Costello wrote "Oliver's Army" as a comment on the Troubles in Northern Ireland during the 1970s. He was inspired to write the song after seeing British soldiers patrolling the streets of Belfast. He stated, "I made my first trip to Belfast in 1978 and saw mere boys walking around in battle dress with automatic weapons. They were no longer just on the evening news. These snapshot experiences exploded into visions of mercenaries and imperial armies around the world. The song was based on the premise 'they always get a working class boy to do the killing'". Costello's family had roots in the Northern Ireland conflict; as his father, Ross McManus, recalled, Oliver's Army' is an important track for me... My grandfather was an Ulster Catholic, and as a child, I lived in an area where bigotry was rife". Costello's Irish grandfather, Pat McManus, had served as a British soldier during World War I and the Easter Rising.

According to Sound on Sound, the title "Oliver" refers to English leader Oliver Cromwell, who personally led the Parliamentarian forces which conquered Ireland in 1649. In addition to the Troubles in Northern Ireland, the song references other "imperialist battles" in Hong Kong, Palestine and South Africa. However, Costello later explained that the song was not intended to be a comprehensive political piece; he said "It wasn't supposed to read like a coherent political argument. It was pop music". He also pointed out that the opening lyrics "argued the absurdity of even trying to write about such a complex subject".

The song lyrics contain the phrase "white nigger", a racial slur which usually remains uncensored on radio stations. The usage of the phrase came under scrutiny, particularly after Costello used racial slurs during a drunken argument with Stephen Stills and Bonnie Bramlett in 1979. The same year, Costello's father published a letter in Rolling Stone defending his son against accusations of racism, stating "Nothing could be further from the truth. My own background has meant that I am passionately opposed to any form of prejudice based on religion or race...His mother comes from the tough multiracial area of Liverpool, and I think she would still beat the tar out of him if his orthodoxy were in doubt".

In March 2013, the radio station BBC Radio 6 Music played the song with the phrase removed, despite BBC radio stations having played the song uncensored for over 30 years. This decision attracted public criticism, with critics citing the intended anti-racist and anti-war theme of the single. In January 2022, Costello said that he would no longer be performing the song and asked that radio stations no longer play it. In an interview on Australian radio around the same time, Costello clarified he did not specifically ask radio stations to stop playing the song, but he did state that the way some radio stations edited or bleeped the phrase called attention to the phrase without engaging the context in which it was written.

Music
Dubbed "a 45 that radio could hardly refuse" by AllMusic's Mark Deming, "Oliver's Army" is a new wave song with a radio-friendly arrangement that has been described as "glossy". Deming noted the "pop-friendly production" and Costello's "almost jubilant-sounding vocal [distinct] from the traditionally dour (or threatening) Costello, who even embellished himself with some tight vocal harmony overdubs". The song was noted for keyboardist Steve Nieve's "buoyant" piano part, which was inspired by ABBA's 1976 hit single "Dancing Queen". Nieve has explicitly acknowledged the influence.

Many critics have made note of the juxtaposition between the song's music and lyrics; Jim Beviglia of American Songwriter said that Oliver's Army' heap[s] bucketfuls of the sweet stuff all over the instrumental arrangement to make sure his acerbic lyrics would get the audience they deserved", while Deming described the song as part of Costello's "most pungently political set of songs up to that time, but wrapped them in catchy melodies...that gave Elvis the Menace a real chance at cracking the singles charts in America". Janet Maslin of Rolling Stone, summarizing the song's multiple dimensions, wrote, "You can hear it one way, or the other way, or both. Elvis Costello doesn't seem to give a damn what you do, and that’s no small part of his charm".

Costello later said "I don't think [the song's] success was because of the lyrics. I always liked the idea of a bright pop tune that you could be singing along to for ages before you realize what it is you're actually singing. Of course, the downside of that is some people only hear the tune and never listen to the words. After a while, I got frustrated at that".

Release
"Oliver's Army" was first performed at the 1978 Roskilde Festival. At the time, the song was not seen as a potential hit. Bassist Bruce Thomas later said, "I wasn't particularly aware that that was going to be our anthemic song...It's hard to tell". Costello expected that the song would be used as a B-side. According to Costello, he was "about to scrap" the track until producer Nick Lowe convinced him to finish recording the song. However, the song was completed to be released on Costello's Armed Forces (1979).

"Oliver's Army" was released as the debut single from Armed Forces on 2 February 1979, backed with Costello's rendition of the 1937 show-tune "My Funny Valentine". The single became a commercial hit in the UK, reaching number two over a chart stay of 12 weeks, and remains Costello's most successful UK single release. Costello never reached number one in the UK. "Oliver's Army" was also a hit in other countries, reaching number 4 in Ireland, number 24 in Australia, and number 25 in New Zealand. However, the song failed to chart in the United States despite radio airplay and the success of Armed Forces in the U.S.  The follow-up single "Accidents Will Happen" also saw commercial success, charting at number 28 in the United Kingdom.

A music video for "Oliver's Army" directed by Chuck Statler was released to accompany the song. Filmed in Hawaii while Costello and the Attractions were on tour, the video was shot at 4:00 a.m. in a strip club after the band could not find another location. It aired on MTV's first US broadcast day on August 1, 1981.

As a result of the huge success of the single, Costello felt insecure about the relationship he had with his audience, particularly those who only recognised "Oliver's Army". He said, "I saw people responding without any kind of understanding or consideration. We'd play a set where we'd play brilliantly all night and then we'd do our hit single and people would go crazy. Yet they would be bewildered by the rest of what we were doing".

"Oliver's Army" has since been released on multiple compilation albums, including The Best of Elvis Costello and the Attractions, Girls Girls Girls, and The Very Best of Elvis Costello.

Critical reception
"Oliver's Army" has attracted positive reviews from music critics. In 1979, Geoffrey Himes of The Washington Post praised the "compressed drama" of "Oliver's Army", along with all the other tracks on Armed Forces, and highlighted the song's lyrics, despite calling it "almost a direct steal from Spector's hit with the Ronettes, 'Baby, I Love You'". Maslin called the track the "pièce de résistance" of Armed Forces and praised the contrast between the song's music and lyrics. Douglas Wolk of Blender Magazine named the song as one of the key tracks from Armed Forces to download, while Matt LeMay of Pitchfork Media called the song "stunning". Author Graeme Thomson called the track the "pinnacle of Elvis' ability to be all things to all people" and praised the way Costello "melded serious lyrics to insanely catchy pop".

The song has since been rated in numerous rankings as one of Costello's better songs. The Daily Telegraph's Martin Chilton ranked the song number one on his top 40 list of best Costello songs, calling it a "catchy tune with powerful lyrics". Jeremy Allen of The Guardian named the song one of the 10 best Elvis Costello songs, describing the song as "so smart and subversive that many were unaware it was a protest song at all" and comparing it positively against Costello’s eventual writing partner Paul McCartney's 1971 protest song "Give Ireland Back to the Irish". Ryan J. Prado of Paste ranked the song Costello's ninth best and said that "the song is great no matter how thinly you spread its political agendas". Beviglia named the song Costello's 12th best, and Brian Hyatt of Entertainment Weekly named it one of his top 10 Costello songs. The Redditch Standard named it Costello's top song.

Live performances
For most of Costello's career — until January 2022, when he announced his decision to stop performing the song — "Oliver's Army" remained a mainstay of his live setlist; Thomson described the song as an "old crowd pleaser". Shortly after its release, Costello and the Attractions performed the song on television programmes for promotion. In a piece for The Guardian, Costello mocked his dress from a performance of the song on the Kenny Everett Video Show, recalling "During my 'Pop Star Period: 1978-79' I was a fashion disaster of checkerboard eyestrain. I wore powder-blue and pink suits, turquoise lamé jackets and pointy red leather Chelsea boots, but I usually appeared pretty glassy-eyed and shiny under the hot studio lights. No wonder the girls all swooned". Referencing his performance of "Oliver's Army" on Top of the Pops, Costello sardonically wrote, "Checkerboard jacket alert..."

Costello performed "Oliver's Army", along with other political songs, as part of a 9 March 1984 protest concert against Margaret Thatcher during the 1984–85 mining strike. "Oliver's Army" was also performed at the 2013 Glastonbury Festival.

Personnel

 * Elvis Costello – guitar, vocals
 * Steve Nieve – piano, organ, synthesizer
 * Bruce Thomas – bass
 * Pete Thomas – drums

Personnel per Armed Forces liner notes.

Cover versions
Britpop band Blur recorded a version of the song for Peace Together, a compilation album released in 1993 to promote peace in Northern Ireland. OK Go released a cover on their 2014 rarity album The Compleat 12 Months of (Rare, Unreleased) OK Go, while Cannon and Ball released a version on their 1980 album Rock On Tommy. Comedian Frank Skinner performed the song when he impersonated Costello on a celebrity edition of Stars in Their Eyes in 1999, the mention of "nigger" replaced with "figure". Belle and Sebastian performed a live version of the song at a 2005 concert in Perth.

"Oliver's Army" has been performed by the original version's producer Nick Lowe, who sang the song at an event at the Great American Music Hall in 2010. The performance was part of an event titled "Costello Sings Lowe, Nick Sings Elvis – A Rare Bashing of Each Other's Songs", where Lowe and Costello performed each other's songs.

title: Oliver's Army


text:
Tayfun Cora

Tayfun Cora (born 5 December 1983 in Vakfıkebir) is a retired Turkish footballer.

Career
Tayfun plays for Trabzonspor, where he promoted from youth team. He made the step up to the first team in his teenage years, and is also a regular in the Turkish under-21 team. Although he was not established in the Trabzonspor team, he still made regular appearances. He is usually used as a central defender or a right back. He was loaned to Kayserispor for a year and he is back with the Trabzonspor.

Club
Trabzonspor
 * Turkish Cup: 2002–03, 2003–04

title: Tayfun Cora


text:
1997 in country music

This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1997.

Events

 * April 22 -- George Strait releases his 17th studio album, Carrying Your Love with Me. The album went on to be nominated for Best Male Country Vocal Performance at the 1998 Grammy Awards.
 * July 12 — The song, "It's Your Love," by Tim McGraw and Faith Hill becomes the first song in 20 years to spend six weeks atop Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The last song to do so was 1977's "Luckenbach, Texas (Back to the Basics of Love)" by Waylon Jennings. In that span, more than 750 songs had reached No. 1 on the country chart, a majority of them for just one week. The song sparked a renewed wave of songs that spend at least five weeks at No. 1, thanks in part to newer chart tracking methods and programming changes at country radio stations.
 * August 7 - Garth Brooks plays a free concert at New York's Central Park, drawing over 1 million fans, with many dubbing it "Garthstock"; the special is broadcast on HBO, with its audience drawing 14.6 million. Billy Joel and Don McLean make special guest appearances.
 * November 4 - Shania Twain releases her third studio album, Come On Over. The album becomes the best-selling country album of all time, best-selling studio album by a female act, best-selling album by a Canadian and ninth best-selling album in the United States and worldwide.

No dates

 * Jimmie Rodgers is elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (as an early influence).
 * Trisha Yearwood and LeAnn Rimes both record the song "How Do I Live" for the movie Con Air. Producers from the film ask Rimes to record it first but feel her version is not what they have in mind due to the performance itself and her young age. Yearwood then records the song and releases at the same time Rimes releases her song. Although Rimes' version peaked at No. 43 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, her version is shunned from the country charts yet reaches No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100. Yearwood's version, meanwhile, peaks at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and also makes the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100, as well as reaching No. 1 in Canada and No. 1 on the US Radio & Records chart.

Births

 * October 9 – Megan Moroney, singer of the 2020s ("Tennessee Orange").

Deaths

 * January 8 – Smiley Bates, 59, Canadian singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist (Cancer).
 * January 21 — Colonel Tom Parker, 87, manager of prolific country singers Eddy Arnold and Hank Snow, comedian Minnie Pearl
 * June 19 — Bobby Helms, 62, singer who enjoyed his peak popularity in 1957; best known for "Jingle Bell Rock."
 * August 16 – Donn Reynolds, 76, singer-songwriter and country yodeler; established 2 yodeling world records.
 * October 12 — John Denver, 53, country crossover artist of the 1970s; also a singer and songwriter (plane crash)
 * December 21 — Amie Comeaux, 21, country singer from Louisiana (car accident)
 * December 31 — Floyd Cramer, 64, prolific session pianist (lung cancer)

Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Josh Graves

Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Harlan Howard (1927–2002)
 * Brenda Lee (born 1944)
 * Cindy Walker (1915–2006)

Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Family Brown
 * Sam Sniderman

Grammy Awards

 * Best Female Country Vocal Performance — "How Do I Live", Trisha Yearwood
 * Best Male Country Vocal Performance — "Pretty Little Adriana", Vince Gill
 * Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal — "Looking In the Eyes of Love", Alison Krauss & Union Station
 * Best Country Collaboration with Vocals — "In Another's Eyes", Garth Brooks and Trisha Yearwood
 * Best Country Instrumental Performance — "Little Liza Jane", Alison Krauss & Union Station
 * Best Country Song — "Butterfly Kisses", Bob Carlisle and Randy Thomas
 * Best Country Album — Unchained, Johnny Cash
 * Best Bluegrass Album — So Long So Wrong, Alison Krauss & Union Station

Juno Awards

 * Country Male Vocalist of the Year — Paul Brandt
 * Country Female Vocalist of the Year — Shania Twain
 * Country Group or Duo of the Year — Farmer's Daughter

Academy of Country Music

 * Entertainer of the Year — Garth Brooks
 * Song of the Year — "It's Your Love," Stephony Smith
 * Single of the Year — "It's Your Love," Tim McGraw and Faith Hill
 * Album of the Year — Carrying Your Love with Me, George Strait
 * Top Male Vocalist — George Strait
 * Top Female Vocalist — Trisha Yearwood
 * Top Vocal Duo or Group — Brooks & Dunn
 * Top New Male Vocalist — Kenny Chesney
 * Top New Female Vocalist — Lee Ann Womack
 * Top New Vocal Duo or Group — The Kinleys
 * Video of the Year — "It's Your Love", Tim McGraw and Faith Hill (Director: Sherman Halsey)
 * Vocal Event of the Year — "It's Your Love", Tim McGraw with Faith Hill

ARIA Awards
(presented in Sydney on September 22, 1997)
 * Best Country Album - The Road Less Travelled (Graeme Connors)

Canadian Country Music Association

 * CMT Maple Leaf Foods Fans' Choice Award — Terri Clark
 * Male Artist of the Year — Paul Brandt
 * Female Artist of the Year — Terri Clark
 * Group or Duo of the Year — Farmer's Daughter
 * SOCAN Song of the Year — "I Do", Paul Brandt
 * Single of the Year — "I Do", Paul Brandt
 * Album of the Year — Just the Same, Terri Clark
 * Top Selling Album — The Woman in Me, Shania Twain
 * Video of the Year — "I Do", Paul Brandt
 * Wrangler Rising Star Award — Julian Austin
 * Vocal Collaboration of the Year — "Two Names on an Overpass", Duane Steele and Lisa Brokop

Country Music Association

 * Entertainer of the Year — Garth Brooks
 * Song of the Year — "Strawberry Wine", Matraca Berg and Gary Harrison
 * Single of the Year — "Strawberry Wine", Deana Carter
 * Album of the Year — Carrying Your Love with Me, George Strait
 * Male Vocalist of the Year — George Strait
 * Female Vocalist of the Year — Trisha Yearwood
 * Vocal Duo of the Year — Brooks & Dunn
 * Vocal Group of the Year — Diamond Rio
 * Horizon Award — LeAnn Rimes
 * Music Video of the Year — "455 Rocket", Kathy Mattea (Director: Steven Goldmann)
 * Vocal Event of the Year — "It's Your Love", Tim McGraw (featuring Faith Hill)
 * Musician of the Year — Brent Mason

RPM Big Country Awards

 * Canadian Country Artist of the Year — Paul Brandt
 * Best Country Album — Calm Before the Storm, Paul Brandt
 * Best Country Single — "My Heart Has a History", Paul Brandt
 * Male Artist of the Year — Paul Brandt
 * Female Artist of the Year — Terri Clark
 * Group of the Year — Farmer's Daughter
 * Outstanding New Artist — Chris Cummings
 * Canadian Country Video — "My Heart Has a History", Paul Brandt
 * Top Country Composer(s) — Shania Twain

Other links

 * Country Music Association
 * Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame

title: 1997 in country music


text:
Mount Ellen (Vermont)

Mount Ellen is a mountain in the Green Mountains in the U.S. state of Vermont. Located at the northern edge of the Green Mountain National Forest in Washington County, the summit of Mount Ellen is in the northwest corner of Warren but the mountain extends into Fayston to the north and Lincoln to the west. Together with Lincoln Peak to the south, the slopes of Mount Ellen are home to the Sugarbush Resort.

Mount Ellen is one of a handful of 4000 ft peaks in Vermont. At 4083 feet, it is tied (with Camel's Hump) for the third-highest mountain in the state.

History
The origin of the mountain's name is unclear. One theory is that Joseph Battell, a publisher, environmentalist, and philanthropist from Middlebury, Vermont, named Mount Ellen after the fictional character in his book "Ellen, or the Whisperings of an Old Pine" published in 1903. Another theory is that the mountain was named for Ellen Douglas, the heroine in Sir Walter Scott's poem The Lady of the Lake published in 1810.

Drainage basin
Mount Ellen stands within the watershed of Lake Champlain, which drains into the Richelieu River in Quebec, the Saint Lawrence River, and then eventually into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. On the east side of the ridge, Mount Ellen drains into Mill Brook, thence into the Mad River, the Winooski River, and into Lake Champlain. On the west side of the ridge, Mount Ellen drains into the New Haven River, thence into Otter Creek, and into Lake Champlain.

Hiking
The Long Trail traverses the summit of Mount Ellen midway between Lincoln Gap and Appalachian Gap. The closest side trail is the Jerusalem Trail, whose trailhead is in Starksboro, Vermont. The trail terminates at the Long Trail after 2.4 mile. From the intersection, Mount Ellen is 1.8 mile south on the Long Trail while Glen Ellen Shelter is 0.4 mile to the east and Stark's Nest is 1.0 mile to the north.

Skiing
Part of Mount Ellen's eastern face is used for the ski trails of Sugarbush Resort.

title: Mount Ellen (Vermont)


text:
Juvayni

Juvayni, also spelled in English as Juwayni, Juvaini, or Joveini, is a Persian last name, meaning from the city of Juvayn in Khorasan, Iran. In the historical context, it may refer to these persons:

 * Al-Juwayni (c. 1028–1085), Islamic theologian
 * Ata-Malik Juvayni (1226–1283), Ala'iddin Ata-Malik Juvayni, Persian historian
 * Shams ad-Din Juvayni (c. 1220s–1285), Persian government administrator, brother of Ata-Malik
 * Qasim Khan Juvayni, Mughal general (died 1631)

title: Juvayni


text:
Bjarne Goldbæk

Bjarne Goldbæk (born 6 October 1968) is a Danish former professional footballer and current sports pundit for Eurosport. An attacking midfielder, he played for a number of foreign clubs, including Chelsea and Fulham in England and several clubs in Germany. He most prominently won the 1990 German Cup tournament and 1990–91 Bundesliga championship with 1. FC Kaiserslautern. For the Denmark national team, Goldbæk was capped 28 times, and he was a part of the Danish squads for the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000 tournaments.

He works as a football agent, and as an occasional football commentator on Eurosport during Bundesliga matches.

Club career
Born in Copenhagen, Goldbæk started his career with Danish club B 1901, before he was snapped up by the top-flight Danish 1st Division club Næstved IF in 1987. He quickly moved abroad to play for Schalke 04 of the Bundesliga in September that year. In December 1989, Goldbæk changed clubs to Bundesliga rivals 1. FC Kaiserslautern, where he won the German Bundesliga championship in the 1990–91 season. He further played for Tennis Borussia Berlin and 1. FC Köln in Germany, before returning to Denmark to play for F.C. Copenhagen in 1996.

At F.C. Copenhagen, he quickly became a mainstay in the team, and he was awarded the 1998 F.C. Copenhagen Player of the Year award. Following good displays and a goal scored in two UEFA Cup Winners' Cup matches against Chelsea, he joined them in November 1998 for a fee of £330,000, in a deal that sent fellow Dane Brian Laudrup from Chelsea to Copenhagen. Goldbæk originally made a big impression when he moved to Stamford Bridge, but was not in favour with Chelsea's manager Gianluca Vialli, who tried to off-load him to Birmingham City and Nottingham Forest. He struggled to hold down a regular rotation place at Chelsea, before Fulham snatched him from Chelsea in January 2000, at the cost of £650,000. He made his Fulham debut in January 2000, a 1–0 home defeat at the hands of Grimsby Town. However, he soon became an important player, as Fulham won the English First Division crown in the 2000–01 season. As Fulham manager Jean Tigana's team strengthened, it appeared Goldbæk's future was becoming bleak at the club. He made just 17 appearances in the 2001–02 season. However, he started the next campaign in the picture, as he came on as a substitute in the Intertoto Cup game against FC Haka from Finland in early July 2002. As a result, Goldbæk would sign a one-year contract extension.

He left Fulham to play for Regionalliga club Rot-Weiss Essen in 2003. Goldbæk justified his move by stating that he had moved with his family into a house located in the nearby town of Gladbeck, and the support Rot-Weiss Essen commanded by regularly having 10.000 spectators at their home games. He was the team captain when the club earned promotion to the 2. Bundesliga in 2004, but as Rot-Weiss Essen were relegated to the Regionalliga again the following year, Goldbæk retired his active career in summer 2005.

International career
Goldbæk made his debut for the Denmark national team on 18 November 1987, in a 1988 Olympic Games qualifier against the West Germany Olympic national team, which ended in a 1–0 defeat.

After retirement
Goldbæk works as a licensed consultant for players and coaches.

Honours
1. FC Kaiserslautern
 * DFB-Pokal: 1990
 * Bundesliga: 1990–91
 * DFB-Supercup: 1991

F.C. Copenhagen
 * Danish Cup: 1996–97

Chelsea
 * FA Cup: 2000

Fulham
 * Football League First Division: 2000–01

Individual
 * Copenhagen Player of the Year: 1998

title: Bjarne Goldbæk


text:
1996 in country music

This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1996.

Events

 * June 28 — First annual Country Stampede Music Festival begins
 * October 6 — Tim McGraw and Faith Hill are married, and quickly become country music's most visible couple. Their friendship grew into romance during their successful "Spontaneous Combustion" tour that year.

Births

 * April 2 -- Zach Bryan, nominated for Best Country Album at the 2024 Grammy Awards, was born in Okinawa, Japan.
 * July 23 – Danielle Bradbery, winner of season four of NBC's The Voice.

Deaths

 * February 17 — Gus Hardin, 50, female singer best known for her Earl Thomas Conley duet "All Tangled Up in Love" (automobile accident)
 * March 4 — Minnie Pearl, 83, legendary comedian known for her trademark greeting, "How-dee!" and her straw hat with price tag; a regular on Hee Haw (stroke).
 * May 3 — Patsy Montana, 87, first female country singer to have a single sell one million copies ("I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart").
 * June 16 — Anthony Armstrong Jones, 47, male singer best known for his Top Ten cover version of "Take a Letter Maria"
 * August 22 – Oliver "Doolittle" Lynn, 69, husband of Loretta Lynn and key figure in many aspects of her career.
 * December 10 — Faron Young, 64, Nicknamed "The Hillbilly Heartthrob", and "The Singing Sheriff" he had many hits including "Hello Walls" and "Live Fast, Love Hard, Die Young" (suicide).

Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Peter V. Kuykendall
 * The Country Gentlemen
 * Charlie Waller
 * John Duffey
 * Eddie Adcock
 * Tom Gray

Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Patsy Montana (1908–1996)
 * Buck Owens (1929–2006)
 * Ray Price (1926–2013)

Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Myrna Lorrie
 * Larry Delaney

Grammy Awards

 * Best Female Country Vocal Performance — "Blue," LeAnn Rimes
 * Best Male Country Vocal Performance — "World's Apart", Vince Gill
 * Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal — "My Maria", Brooks & Dunn
 * Best Country Collaboration with Vocals — "High Lonesome Sound", Vince Gill (featuring Alison Krauss)
 * Best Country Instrumental Performance — "Jam Man", Chet Atkins
 * Best Country Song — "Blue", Bill Mack (Performer: LeAnn Rimes)
 * Best Country Album — The Road to Ensenada, Lyle Lovett (Producers: Billy Williams (singer) and Lyle Lovett)
 * Best Bluegrass Album — True Life Blues: The Songs of Bill Monroe, Various Artists (Producer: Todd Phillips)

Juno Awards

 * Country Male Vocalist of the Year — Paul Brandt
 * Country Female Vocalist of the Year — Shania Twain
 * Country Group or Duo of the Year — The Rankin Family

Academy of Country Music

 * Entertainer of the Year — Brooks & Dunn
 * Song of the Year — "Blue", Bill Mack
 * Single of the Year — "Blue," LeAnn Rimes
 * Album of the Year — Blue Clear Sky, George Strait
 * Top Male Vocalist — George Strait
 * Top Female Vocalist — Patty Loveless
 * Top Vocal Duo — Brooks & Dunn
 * Top Vocal Group — Sawyer Brown
 * Top New Male Vocalist — Trace Adkins
 * Top New Female Vocalist — LeAnn Rimes
 * Top New Vocal Duo or Group — Ricochet
 * Video of the Year — "I Think About You", Collin Raye (Director: Steven Goldmann)

ARIA Awards
(presented in Sydney on September 30, 1996)
 * Best Country Album - Home Fires (The Dead Ringer Band)

Canadian Country Music Association

 * NCN Fans' Choice Award — Shania Twain
 * Male Artist of the Year — Charlie Major
 * Female Artist of the Year — Shania Twain
 * Group or Duo of the Year — Prairie Oyster
 * SOCAN Song of the Year — "My Heart Has a History," Paul Brandt, Mark D. Sanders
 * Single of the Year — "Better Things to Do," Terri Clark
 * Album of the Year — Terri Clark, Terri Clark
 * Top Selling Album — Fresh Horses, Garth Brooks
 * Video of the Year — "(If You're Not in It for Love) I'm Outta Here!," Shania Twain
 * Vista Rising Star Award — Terri Clark
 * Vocal Collaboration of the Year — Jim Witter and Cassandra Vasik

Country Music Association

 * Entertainer of the Year — Brooks & Dunn
 * Song of the Year — "Go Rest High on That Mountain," Vince Gill
 * Single of the Year — "Check Yes or No," George Strait
 * Album of the Year — Blue Clear Sky, George Strait
 * Male Vocalist of the Year — George Strait
 * Female Vocalist of the Year — Patty Loveless
 * Vocal Duo of the Year — Brooks & Dunn
 * Vocal Group of the Year — The Mavericks
 * Horizon Award — Bryan White
 * Music Video of the Year — "My Wife Thinks You're Dead", Junior Brown (Director: Michael McNamara)
 * Vocal Event of the Year — "I Will Always Love You", Dolly Parton and Vince Gill
 * Musician of the Year — Mark O'Connor

RPM Big Country Awards

 * Canadian Country Artist of the Year — Shania Twain
 * Best Country Album — The Woman in Me, Shania Twain
 * Best Country Single — "Any Man of Mine", Shania Twain
 * Top Male Vocalist — Charlie Major
 * Top Female Vocalist — Shania Twain
 * Top Group — Prairie Oyster
 * Outstanding New Artist — Jason McCoy
 * Top Country Composer(s) — Shania Twain

Other links

 * Country Music Association
 * Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame

title: 1996 in country music


text:
Old Wan Chai Post Office

The Old Wan Chai Post Office is the oldest surviving post office building in Hong Kong. It is situated at No. 221 Queen's Road East, at the junction with Wan Chai Gap Road.

History
The building was erected between 1912 and 1913, and opened on 1 March 1915 as the Wan Chai Post Office. It is not known whether the building was originally built and designed for such purpose. The post office ceased to operate in 1992, after having served the Wan Chai community continuously for 77 years.

Features
The Old Wan Chai Post Office is an L-shaped building. It is a simple pitched-roof structure with attractive gable ends and mouldings.

Environmental Resource Centre
The building is now operated by the Environmental Protection Department as an Environmental Resource Centre.

Conservation
The Old Wan Chai Post Office became a declared monument on 18 May 1990. It is the only building declared as a monument in the Wan Chai area.

title: Old Wan Chai Post Office


text:
1995 in country music

This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1995.

Events

 * February - Western Flyer releases "Cherokee Highway", a song against interracial violence. While the song does not chart, Martin Luther King Jr.'s widow Coretta Scott King invites the band to perform at his birthday celebration in Atlanta, Georgia.
 * June - Ty Herndon is arrested for indecent exposure in Fort Worth, Texas, by an undercover police officer.
 * December 31: Great American Country is launched by the Jones Radio Network. With a heavy emphasis on country music videos, the network is the first major rival to CMT.

Births

 * July 7 — Taylor Kerr, member of Maddie & Tae.
 * August 11 – Priscilla Block, 2020s country singer-songwriter ("Just About Over You").
 * September 18 — Maddie Font, member of Maddie & Tae.

Deaths

 * May 25 – Dick Curless, 63, best known for his hit "A Tombstone Every Mile" (stomach cancer)
 * July 25 — Charlie Rich, 62, Grammy Award winning singer and songwriter ("Behind Closed Doors", The Most Beautiful Girl") (pulmonary embolism)
 * November 10 — Curly Fox, 85, fiddler and one half of country-comedy duo Curly Fox and Texas Ruby.

Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Jimmy Martin

Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Roger Miller (1936–1992)
 * Jo Walker-Meador (born 1924)

Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Gene MacLellan
 * Stan Klees

Grammy Awards

 * Best Female Country Vocal Performance — "Baby, Now That I've Found You", Alison Krauss
 * Best Male Country Vocal Performance — "Go Rest High on That Mountain", Vince Gill
 * Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal — "Here Comes the Rain", The Mavericks
 * Best Country Collaboration with Vocals — "Somewhere in the Vicinity of the Heart", Shenandoah and Alison Krauss
 * Best Country Instrumental Performance — "Hightower," Asleep at the Wheel, Béla Fleck and Johnny Gimble
 * Best Country Song — "Go Rest High on That Mountain", Vince Gill
 * Best Country Album — The Woman in Me, Shania Twain (Producer: Robert John "Mutt" Lange)
 * Best Bluegrass Album — Unleashed, The Nashville Bluegrass Band

Juno Awards

 * Country Male Vocalist of the Year — Charlie Major
 * Country Female Vocalist of the Year — Shania Twain
 * Country Group or Duo of the Year — Prairie Oyster

Academy of Country Music

 * Entertainer of the Year — Brooks & Dunn
 * Song of the Year — "The Keeper of the Stars", Dickey Lee, Karen Staley, Danny Mayo (Performer: Tracy Byrd)
 * Single of the Year — "Check Yes or No", George Strait
 * Album of the Year — The Woman in Me (Shania Twain)
 * Top Male Vocalist — Alan Jackson
 * Top Female Vocalist — Patty Loveless
 * Top Vocal Duo — Brooks & Dunn
 * Top Vocal Group — The Mavericks
 * Top New Male Vocalist — Bryan White
 * Top New Female Vocalist — Shania Twain
 * Top New Vocal Duo or Group — Lonestar
 * Video of the Year — "The Car" – Jeff Carson (Director: Michael Salomon)

ARIA Awards
(presented in Sydney on October 20, 1995)
 * Best Country Album - Beyond the Dancing (Troy Cassar-Daley)

Canadian Country Music Association

 * Bud Country Fans' Choice Award — Michelle Wright
 * Male Artist of the Year — Charlie Major
 * Female Artist of the Year — Shania Twain
 * Group or Duo of the Year — Prairie Oyster
 * SOCAN Song of the Year — "Whose Bed Have Your Boots Been Under?", Shania Twain
 * Single of the Year — "Any Man of Mine", Shania Twain
 * Album of the Year — The Woman in Me, Shania Twain
 * Top Selling Album — The Hits, Garth Brooks
 * Video of the Year — "Any Man of Mine", Shania Twain
 * Vista Rising Star Award — Farmer's Daughter
 * Vocal Collaboration of the Year — Jim Witter and Cassandra Vasik

Country Music Association

 * Entertainer of the Year — Alan Jackson
 * Song of the Year — "Independence Day", Gretchen Peters (Performer: Martina McBride)
 * Single of the Year — "When You Say Nothing at All", Alison Krauss & Union Station
 * Album of the Year — When Fallen Angels Fly, Patty Loveless
 * Male Vocalist of the Year — Vince Gill
 * Female Vocalist of the Year — Alison Krauss
 * Vocal Duo of the Year — Brooks & Dunn
 * Vocal Group of the Year — The Mavericks
 * Horizon Award — Alison Krauss
 * Music Video of the Year — "Baby Likes to Rock It", The Tractors (Director: Michael Salomon)
 * Vocal Event of the Year — "Somewhere in the Vicinity of the Heart", Shenandoah and Alison Krauss
 * Musician of the Year — Mark O'Connor

RPM Big Country Awards

 * Canadian Country Artist of the Year — Charlie Major
 * Best Country Album — Only One Moon, Prairie Oyster
 * Best Country Single — "Such a Lonely One", Prairie Oyster
 * Male Artist of the Year — Charlie Major
 * Female Artist of the Year — Michelle Wright
 * Group of the Year — Prairie Oyster
 * Outstanding New Artist — Shania Twain
 * Top Country Composer(s) — Jim Witter and Johnny Douglas

Other links

 * Country Music Association
 * Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame

title: 1995 in country music


text:
Talk:Philippe Douste-Blazy

Untitled
Is it appropriate to call him a Christian Democrat? Wouldn't he be a Gaullist? john k 17:33, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * UMP is a mix of RPR (the "neo-Gaullists", i.e. Jacques Chirac's supporters, roughly speaking) and of a large part of UDF (the French "Christian Democrats" if you like). Douste-Blazy comes from UDF. David.Monniaux 15:49, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Is it appropriate to talk about his "taste for young boys"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.48.32.140 (talk) 10:57, 10 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Philippe Douste-Blazy


text:
1994 in country music

This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1994.

Events

 * January 8 — Star, Mississippi, native Faith Hill hits paydirt with her first single release, "Wild One". The song spends four weeks atop the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, the longest for a debut release by a female artist since Connie Smith's debut "Once a Day" in 1964.
 * January 30 — Clint Black, Wynonna Judd, Travis Tritt and Tanya Tucker perform the halftime show (billed as "Rockin' Country Sunday") at Super Bowl XXVIII. The finale featured a special appearance by Naomi Judd, who joined Wynonna in performing The Judds' single "Love Can Build a Bridge" (their first major appearance together since their "Farewell Tour" of 1991), to which everyone eventually joined in.
 * March – Tim McGraw's first major hit, "Indian Outlaw," causes considerable controversy due to lyrics about Native Americans, and the single is boycotted at a handful of stations. Nevertheless, the song's notoriety helps spur its popularity and allows it to become just the second major crossover hit in 10 years, reaching No. 15 on the Billboard magazine Hot 100 singles chart (in addition to its No. 8 peak on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart); the song will also jumpstart McGraw's fledgling career, which had gotten off to a less-than-stellar start a year earlier.
 * Incidentally, McGraw's first taste of success comes at approximately the same time as that of his wife-to-be — Faith Hill.

 * April 12 — The premiere issue of Country Weekly magazine hits the store shelves. Garth Brooks graces the cover of the first issue.
 * May 9 — Newcomer artist John Berry passes out during a concert and is rushed to a hospital in Atlanta, where an operation is performed to remove a cyst found in the third ventricle of his brain.
 * October 1 - CMT adds six new music video programs to its schedule: Big Ticket, Signature Series, Jammin' Country, Saturday Nite Dance Ranch, Delivery Room and Top 12 Countdown. All shows would be cancelled in 2001.

Births

 * May 4 – RaeLynn, country music star of the 2010s, best known for "God Made Girls."
 * November 8 – Lauren Alaina, runner-up of the 10th season of American Idol, with follow-up successes including "Like My Mother Does."

Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Osborne Brothers
 * Bobby Osborne
 * Sonny Osborne

Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Merle Haggard (1937–2016)

Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Dick Damron
 * Hank Smith

Grammy Awards

 * Best Female Country Vocal Performance — "Shut Up and Kiss Me", Mary Chapin Carpenter
 * Best Male Country Vocal Performance — "When Love Finds You", Vince Gill
 * Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal — "Blues for Dixie", Asleep at the Wheel and Lyle Lovett
 * Best Country Collaboration with Vocals — "I Fall to Pieces", Aaron Neville and Trisha Yearwood
 * Best Country Instrumental Performance — "Young Thing", Chet Atkins
 * Best Country Song — "I Swear", Gary Baker (songwriter), Frank J. Myers (Performer: John Michael Montgomery)
 * Best Country Album — Stones in the Road, Mary Chapin Carpenter
 * Best Bluegrass Album — The Great Dobro Sessions, Various Artists (Producers: Jerry Douglas and Tut Taylor)

Juno Awards

 * Country Male Vocalist of the Year — Charlie Major
 * Country Female Vocalist of the Year — Michelle Wright
 * Country Group or Duo of the Year — Prairie Oyster

Academy of Country Music

 * Entertainer of the Year — Reba McEntire
 * Song of the Year — "I Swear", Gary Baker, Frank J. Myers (Performer: John Michael Montgomery)
 * Single of the Year — "I Swear", John Michael Montgomery
 * Album of the Year — Not a Moment Too Soon, Tim McGraw
 * Top Male Vocalist — Alan Jackson
 * Top Female Vocalist — Reba McEntire
 * Top Vocal Duo — Brooks & Dunn
 * Top Vocal Group — The Mavericks
 * Top New Male Vocalist — Tim McGraw
 * Top New Female Vocalist — Chely Wright
 * Top New Vocal Duo or Group — The Mavericks
 * Video of the Year — "The Red Strokes" – Garth Brooks (Director: Jon Small)

ARIA Awards
(presented in Sydney on March 30, 1994)
 * Best Country Album - Three Chain Road (Lee Kernaghan)

Canadian Country Music Association

 * Bud Country Fans' Choice Award — Prairie Oyster
 * Male Artist of the Year — Charlie Major
 * Female Artist of the Year — Patricia Conroy
 * Group or Duo of the Year — Prairie Oyster
 * SOCAN Song of the Year — "I'm Gonna Drive You Out of My Mind", Charlie Major, Barry Brown
 * Single of the Year — "I'm Gonna Drive You Out of My Mind", Charlie Major
 * Album of the Year — The Other Side, Charlie Major
 * Top Selling Album — In Pieces, Garth Brooks
 * Video of the Year — "Stolen Moments", Jim Witter
 * Vista Rising Star Award — Susan Aglukark
 * Vocal Collaboration of the Year — Quartette

Country Music Association

 * Entertainer of the Year — Vince Gill
 * Song of the Year — "Chattahoochee", Alan Jackson and Jim McBride (Performer: Alan Jackson)
 * Single of the Year — "I Swear", John Michael Montgomery
 * Album of the Year — Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles, Various Artists
 * Male Vocalist of the Year — Vince Gill
 * Female Vocalist of the Year — Pam Tillis
 * Vocal Duo of the Year — Brooks & Dunn
 * Vocal Group of the Year — Diamond Rio
 * Horizon Award — John Michael Montgomery
 * Music Video of the Year — "Independence Day", Martina McBride (Directors: Robert Deaton and George J. Flanigen IV)
 * Vocal Event of the Year — "Does He Love You", Reba McEntire and Linda Davis
 * Musician of the Year — Mark O'Connor

Other links

 * Country Music Association
 * Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame

title: 1994 in country music


text:
1993 in country music

This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1993.

Events

 * December 28 – Newcomer Shania Twain and record producer and songwriter Robert John "Mutt" Lange are married. Twain had just released her first album, produced by Norro Wilson earlier in the year, and although it gained largely positive critical reviews, the album was not a big seller. Twain, hiring Lange as her producer, will quickly begin work to improve her fortunes exponentially.

Regular series

 * Hee Haw (1969–1993, syndicated)

Births

 * March 24 – Mo Pitney, country singer who released his first radio hit, "Country".
 * May 13 – William Michael Morgan, young country singer who released his first radio hit, "I Met a Girl".
 * May 13 – Morgan Wallen, performer of the 2010s ("Whiskey Glasses").
 * September 12 – Kelsea Ballerini, country pop singer-songwriter known for her 2014 debut hit "Love Me Like You Mean It".
 * October 9 – Scotty McCreery, winner of the 10th season of American Idol, with follow-up successes including "I Love You This Big" and his first No. 1 hit, "Five More Minutes".
 * October 21 – Kane Brown, country music singer and songwriter who released his radio hit, "Used to Love You Sober".

Deaths

 * June 5 — Conway Twitty, 59, giant music star since the 1950s who set records for most No. 1 country hits until 2006 (abdominal aneurysm).
 * November 30 — David Houston, 57, top country singer of the 1960s and early 1970s, best known for "Almost Persuaded" (brain aneurysm).

Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Mac Wiseman
 * Jim & Jesse
 * Jim McReynolds
 * Jesse McReynolds

Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Willie Nelson (born 1933)

Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Ward Allen
 * Stu Phillips
 * Bob Nolan
 * Stu Davis
 * Ted Daigle
 * Frank Jones

Grammy Awards

 * Best Female Country Vocal Performance — "Passionate Kisses", Mary Chapin Carpenter
 * Best Male Country Vocal Performance — "Ain't That Lonely Yet", Dwight Yoakam
 * Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal — "Hard Workin' Man", Brooks & Dunn
 * Best Country Collaboration with Vocals — "Does He Love You", Reba McEntire and Linda Davis
 * Best Country Instrumental Performance — "Red Wing", Asleep at the Wheel, Chet Atkins, Eldon Shamblin, Johnny Gimble, Marty Stuart, Reuben "Lucky Oceans" Gosfield & Vince Gill
 * Best Country Song — "Passionate Kisses", Lucinda Williams (Performer: Mary Chapin Carpenter)
 * Best Bluegrass Album — Waitin' for the Hard Times to Go, The Nashville Bluegrass Band

Juno Awards

 * Country Male Vocalist of the Year — Charlie Major
 * Country Female Vocalist of the Year — Cassandra Vasik
 * Country Group or Duo of the Year — The Rankin Family

Academy of Country Music

 * Entertainer of the Year — Garth Brooks
 * Song of the Year — "I Love the Way You Love Me", Victoria Shaw and Chuck Cannon (Performer: John Michael Montgomery)
 * Single of the Year — "Chattahoochee", Alan Jackson
 * Album of the Year — A Lot About Livin' (And a Little 'Bout Love), Alan Jackson
 * Top Male Vocalist — Vince Gill
 * Top Female Vocalist — Wynonna
 * Top Vocal Duo — Brooks & Dunn
 * Top Vocal Group — Little Texas
 * Top New Male Vocalist — John Michael Montgomery
 * Top New Female Vocalist — Faith Hill
 * Top New Vocal Duo or Group — Gibson/Miller Band
 * Video of the Year — "We Shall Be Free," Garth Brooks (Directors: Garth Brooks and Tim Miller)

ARIA Awards
(presented in Sydney on April 14, 1993)
 * Best Country Album – The Outback Club (Lee Kernaghan)

Canadian Country Music Association

 * Bud Country Fans' Choice Award — Michelle Wright
 * Male Artist of the Year — George Fox
 * Female Artist of the Year — Michelle Wright
 * Group or Duo of the Year — The Rankin Family
 * SOCAN Song of the Year — "Backroads", Charlie Major
 * Single of the Year — "He Would Be Sixteen", Michelle Wright
 * Album of the Year — Bad Day for Trains, Patricia Conroy
 * Top Selling Album — Some Gave All, Billy Ray Cyrus
 * Video of the Year — "He Would Be Sixteen", Michelle Wright
 * Vista Rising Star Award — The Rankin Family
 * Vocal Collaboration of the Year — Cassandra Vasik and Russell deCarle

Country Music Association

 * Entertainer of the Year — Vince Gill
 * Song of the Year — "I Still Believe in You", Vince Gill and John Barlow Jarvis (Performer: Vince Gill)
 * Single of the Year — "Chattahoochee", Alan Jackson
 * Album of the Year — I Still Believe in You, Vince Gill
 * Male Vocalist of the Year — Vince Gill
 * Female Vocalist of the Year — Mary Chapin Carpenter
 * Vocal Duo of the Year — Brooks & Dunn
 * Vocal Group of the Year — Diamond Rio
 * Horizon Award — Mark Chesnutt
 * Music Video of the Year — "Chattahoochee", Alan Jackson (Director: Martin Kahan)
 * Vocal Event of the Year — "I Don't Need Your Rockin' Chair", George Jones (featuring Clint Black, Garth Brooks, T. Graham Brown, Mark Chesnutt, Joe Diffie, Vince Gill, Alan Jackson, Patty Loveless, Pam Tillis and Travis Tritt)
 * Musician of the Year — Mark O'Connor

Other links

 * Country Music Association
 * Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame

title: 1993 in country music


text:
1992 in country music

This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1992.

Events

 * January — After 23 years of its tried-and-true formula, the producers of Hee Haw unveil an extensively revamped show in time for the start of its belated 24th season. The show's new urban setting, along with more pop-oriented country guests, is a resounding failure and lasts only through the end of the season. That fall, viewers will be greeted with Hee Haw Silver – a collection of classic shows, with new introductions by longtime host Roy Clark; "Silver" will fill out the show's 25th (and final) season.
 * June 27 - At a concert in Bonner Springs, Kansas, a heavily intoxicated Hank Williams Jr. repeatedly insults the crowd and exits the stage after only 20 minutes. Williams later issues an apology.
 * August 28 — The major motion picture Honeymoon in Vegas is released. The soundtrack features several country music performers, including Dwight Yoakam, Travis Tritt and Trisha Yearwood covering Elvis Presley songs.
 * October 23 — The major motion picture Pure Country is released, starring George Strait, who also sang the soundtrack.

No dates

 * At age 52, former country star Jonie Mosby (of the 1960s-early 1970s duo Johnny and Jonie Mosby) makes national headlines when she becomes the oldest woman in the United States to undergo in vitro fertilization and successfully bear a child.
 * Line dancing becomes a national fad, tied to the success of at least two major country music hits: Billy Ray Cyrus' "Achy Breaky Heart" and Brooks & Dunn's "Boot Scootin' Boogie." Throughout the rest of the decade, several major country music hits would have dance remixes, and several videos would be released.

Regular series

 * Hee Haw (1969–1993, syndicated)

Births

 * May 19 — Lainey Wilson, rising country singer-songwriter of the 2020s ("Things a Man Oughta Know", "Heart Like a Truck").
 * June 15 – Parker McCollum, country singer-songwriter known for his 2020 hit "Pretty Heart".
 * June 26 — Jennette McCurdy, actress, screenwriter, producer, singer and songwriter.
 * October 9 – Chase Bryant, up-and-coming singer of the mid-2010s, including "Take It On Back" and "Little Bit of You.”
 * November 23 — Miley Cyrus, daughter of Billy Ray Cyrus; actress and singer.
 * December 1 – Travis Denning, country singer-songwriter known for his 2020 hit "After a Few".

Deaths

 * February 19 – Biff Collie, 66, country music disc jockey, promoter and journalist (cancer).
 * October 25 — Roger Miller, 56, singer-songwriter best known for Grammy Award winner "King of the Road". (throat cancer)
 * November 23 — Roy Acuff, 89, country music pioneer from the 1930s onward, and Grand Ole Opry institution. (heart failure)

Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * The Stanley Brothers
 * Carter Stanley
 * Ralph Stanley

 * Reno and Smiley
 * Don Reno
 * Arthur Lee "Red" Smiley

Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * George Jones (1931–2013)
 * Frances Preston (1928–2012)

Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Carroll Baker
 * Gordon Burnett

Grammy Awards

 * Best Female Country Vocal Performance — "I Feel Lucky", Mary Chapin Carpenter
 * Best Male Country Vocal Performance — I Still Believe in You, Vince Gill
 * Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal — At the Ryman, Emmylou Harris and the Nash Ramblers
 * Best Country Collaboration with Vocals — "The Whiskey Ain't Workin'", Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt
 * Best Country Instrumental Performance — "Sneakin' Around", Chet Atkins and Jerry Reed
 * Best Country Song — "I Still Believe in You", Vince Gill and John Barlow Jarvis (Performer: Vince Gill)
 * Best Bluegrass Album — Every Time You Say Goodbye, Alison Krauss & Union Station

Juno Awards

 * Country Male Vocalist of the Year — Gary Fjellgaard
 * Country Female Vocalist of the Year — Michelle Wright
 * Country Group or Duo of the Year — Tracey Prescott & Lonesome Daddy

Academy of Country Music

 * Entertainer of the Year — Garth Brooks
 * Song of the Year — "I Still Believe in You", Vince Gill and John Barlow Jarvis (Performer: Vince Gill)
 * Single of the Year — "Boot Scootin' Boogie", Brooks & Dunn
 * Album of the Year — Brand New Man, Brooks & Dunn
 * Top Male Vocalist — Vince Gill
 * Top Female Vocalist — Mary Chapin Carpenter
 * Top Vocal Duo — Brooks & Dunn
 * Top Vocal Group — Diamond Rio
 * Top New Male Vocalist — Tracy Lawrence
 * Top New Female Vocalist — Michelle Wright
 * Top New Vocal Duo or Group — Confederate Railroad
 * Video of the Year — "Two Sparrows in a Hurricane", Tanya Tucker (Director: Joanne Gardner)

ARIA Awards
(presented in Sydney on March 6, 1992)
 * Best Country Album - Out of the Blue (Anne Kirkpatrick)

Canadian Country Music Association

 * Bud Country Fans' Choice Award — Rita MacNeil
 * Male Artist of the Year — Ian Tyson
 * Female Artist of the Year — Michelle Wright
 * Group or Duo of the Year — Prairie Oyster
 * SOCAN Song of the Year — "Did You Fall in Love with Me", Joan Besen
 * Single of the Year — "Take It Like a Man", Michelle Wright
 * Album of the Year — Everybody Knows, Prairie Oyster
 * Top Selling Album — Ropin' the Wind, Garth Brooks
 * Video of the Year — "Take It Like a Man", Michelle Wright
 * Vista Rising Star Award — Cassandra Vasik
 * Vocal Collaboration of the Year — Gary Fjellgaard and Linda Kidder

Country Music Association

 * Entertainer of the Year — Garth Brooks
 * Song of the Year — "Look at Us", Vince Gill and Max D. Barnes (Performer: Vince Gill)
 * Single of the Year — "Achy Breaky Heart", Billy Ray Cyrus
 * Album of the Year — Ropin' the Wind, Garth Brooks
 * Male Vocalist of the Year — Vince Gill
 * Female Vocalist of the Year — Mary Chapin Carpenter
 * Vocal Duo of the Year — Brooks & Dunn
 * Vocal Group of the Year — Diamond Rio
 * Horizon Award — Suzy Bogguss
 * Music Video of the Year — "Midnight in Montgomery", Alan Jackson (Director: Jim Shea)
 * Vocal Event of the Year — Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt
 * Musician of the Year — Mark O'Connor

Other links

 * Country Music Association
 * Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame

title: 1992 in country music


text:
William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock

William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock (12 May 1705 – 18 August 1746), was a Scottish peer who joined the 1745 Jacobite Rising, was captured at Culloden and subsequently executed for treason on Tower Hill.

His family were supporters of the government and Kilmarnock had not previously been involved with the Stuarts; he later stated "for the two Kings and their rights, I cared not a farthing which prevailed; but I was starving."

His title was declared forfeit and his heavily mortgaged estates confiscated; they were later returned to his eldest son James, later Earl of Erroll, who fought at Culloden on the government side.

Biography
William Boyd was born in 1705, only son of William Boyd, 3rd Earl of Kilmarnock (1683–1717) and Eupheme Ross (1684–1729). His father supported the government during the 1715 Jacobite Rising, but was deeply in debt when he died in 1717. Educated at the University of Glasgow, Kilmarnock reportedly had "an Aversion to rigorous Study of Letters" and was devoted to "Riding, Fencing, Dancing and Musick...esteemed by Men of Taste, a Polite gentleman."

In 1724 he married Lady Anne Livingston, only daughter of James Livingston, 5th Earl of Linlithgow, a Jacobite attainted for his role in the 1715 Rising. Despite the loss of her family estates, Anne was considered an heiress; the Commission of Forfeited Estates found selling Jacobite property so complex and time-consuming that it was easier to come to an arrangement with the original owners.

Many such properties were purchased through an 18th-century vulture fund called the York Buildings Company, which did a deal with Anne, who became financially secure as a result. She married Kilmarnock against her family's wishes; money and his lifestyle were constant issues and they lived together "civilly, if not happily". During the last year of his life he became the love interest of Viscountess Etheldreda Townshend, who briefly took an interest in becoming a Jacobite.

The Earl and the Countess lived at Dean Castle in Kilmarnock (Ayrshire), but when it was destroyed by fire in 1735 they could not afford the repairs and moved to Anne's home, Callendar House (in Falkirk), which remained in the family until 1783. The Earl's son James sold Dean Castle in 1746; while the outbuildings remained in use, the castle stood derelict until restored in the early-20th century.

Career
Kilmarnock's peerage gave him a seat in the House of Lords, where he voted as directed by Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll and Robert Walpole; he was paid a small pension for this, which ceased when Walpole lost power in 1742. He was Grand Master for the Masonic Grand Lodge of Scotland from 1742 to 1743, his successor being the Earl of Wemyss, whose son Lord Elcho also served in the Jacobite army; Murray of Broughton, later Secretary to Prince Charles, was also a member.

He first met Prince Charles during the 1745 Rebellion at Callendar House on 14 September. The decision to join the Jacobite army surprised many; it has been suggested one reason for doing so was pressure from his wife's family but he later told Argyll; "...I was starving, and...if Mahommed had set up his standard...I had been a good Mussulman for bread, for I must eat." On 18 October, he received a commission in "Kilmarnock's Horse," which seems to have been composed largely of individual volunteers. One of the few Lowland peers to join the Rising, he quickly gained a prominent position with Charles, largely because he was unconnected to the group of long-term Jacobite Scots centred around Lord George Murray. Even before the invasion of England, there were deep divisions between Charles and his exile advisors on the one hand and the Scots on the other; after the retreat from Derby, the two groups viewed each other with suspicion and hostility. O'Sullivan later wrote "no man showed more respect for HRH (Charles)...", making Kilmarnock one of the few Scots who could be counted on to support Charles against his fellows.

When the main army entered England on 8 November, Viscount Strathallan remained in Perth; the Strathallan or Perthshire Horse was added to Kilmarnock's, a combined strength of about 130 men in all. They were chiefly engaged in reconnaissance duties and were the last to leave Carlisle on 21 December, before re-entering Scotland. In early January, the Jacobites besieged Stirling Castle; a government attempt to relieve it led to the Battle of Falkirk on 17 January.

The battle was fought near Callendar House, where Lady Anne was hosting Hawley, who used it as his headquarters; she allegedly detained him at dinner, to distract him from the battle. The Battle of Falkirk took place in failing light, during a fierce storm and amid considerable confusion. Although the cavalry was not involved, Kilmarnock's local knowledge was employed afterwards in locating the retreating government forces; on his return, he attacked a Cameron deserter from the government army, who was still in uniform and had to be rescued from his fellow clansmen.

Falkirk was a Jacobite tactical victory, but poor command and co-ordination deprived them of the last opportunity to decisively defeat their opponents. Many of the Highlanders who took part went home and when Cumberland resumed his advance on 30 January, Charles was told the army was in no state to fight. On 1 February 1746, the siege of Stirling was abandoned and the Jacobites withdrew to Inverness.

Kilmarnock's troop helped covered the retreat; at the end of this, their horses were in such poor condition that they were converted into infantry and retitled Foot Guards. The next two months were spent in Elgin, as part of Drummond's force guarding the line of the River Spey; the Jacobites were short of money and forced to requisition supplies from local merchants.

When the campaigning season began in April, their leaders agreed the only option was a decisive victory; this led to Culloden, where they were defeated with heavy losses in less than an hour. James Boyd was in the government front line with the Royal Scots but Kilmarnock was with the Jacobite reserve and saw little action. The claim he was captured after mistaking government dragoons for his own troops is not supported by his own account; another anecdote recounts he lost his hat and wig and James gave him his own.

Trial and execution
Tried in London on 29 July, Kilmarnock, Lord Balmerino and the Earl of Cromartie were found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. This was commuted to beheading, rather than being hanged, drawn and quartered, as with Francis Towneley and others. It was expected one would be pardoned, but despite efforts by Kilmarnock's fellow Freemason, the Duke of Hamilton, this went to Cromartie, whose allegedly pregnant wife interceded with the Princess of Wales. Cromartie's father-in-law had been Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales and the writer Horace Walpole (1717-1792) later observed "Hamilton's intercession for Lord Kilmarnock hurried him to the block."

The sentences were carried out on Tower Hill on 18 August, Kilmarnock going first; shortly before, Balmerino contrived a meeting with him to discuss the "No quarter" order. Allegedly issued by the Jacobite leadership before Culloden and used to justify the harsh government response, its existence is extremely dubious. However, Balmerino ensured Kilmarnock confirmed before witnesses that if such an order did exist, the blame lay with Lord George Murray, not the Prince, a version later published in the official trial records. Even on the verge of death, the internal divisions that undermined the Jacobite cause continued.

Kilmarnock complied with the convention prisoners facing death express contrition and acceptance of the justice of their sentence. He confirmed George II was the "true and legitimate sovereign", wrote letters to his sons and wife and asked for help in settling his debts. Following his execution, he was buried in St Peter ad Vincula, the church attached to the Tower of London.

Lady Anne outlived him by a year, dying in September 1747. She is honoured with a mural in St Marnock Square, Kilmarnock.

title: William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock


text:
Vlado Gotovac

Vladimir "Vlado" Gotovac (18 September 1930 – 7 December 2000) was a Croatian poet and politician.

Early activism
In the late 1960s, Gotovac joined the Croatian movement demanding political and economic reform, which eventually led to the Croatian Spring in the early 1970s. Unlike the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia, the Croatian Spring wasn't violently quashed by military use, although it resulted the period known as "the Croatian silence", alluding to the Yugoslav government's tremendous skill in suppressing any opposition or criticism.

Before being arrested in 1971 Gotovac became the editor-in-chief of Hrvatski Tjednik (The Croatian Weekly), which historian Marcus Tanner explains, "was a real phenomenon – a mass-circulation newspaper with an enormous audience that went way beyond the confines of the Communist Party and made a national reputation."

Imprisonment
Growing up in Tito's Yugoslavia, Gotovac was arrested in January 1972 and sentenced to four years in prison, based on charges of being a "separatist" and "nationalist". In an interview with Swedish television in 1978 he reflected rather dejectedly about his experience:"'No basis was found in my actions or in my activities, but, rather, like in all such processes, criminal actions were assumed and corroborated, not only in my case, but in the cases of a whole group of others whom I know.'"

Gotovac continued to write in prison, with his most famous piece being his diary, Zvjezdana Kuga ("Starry Plague"), published some twenty years after his release in 1978. And whilst he spent his pre-prison years working as a journalist and editor for TV Zagreb as well as writing literary pieces, he gradually moved into politics after being released from prison.

Life after release
In an interview for a Swedish television channel in 1978 he was asked to elaborate upon his own philosophical beliefs, and he said:
 * "My entire life I’ve dreamt of a socially just society and exactly for this reason I’ve always been left-oriented. I believed only when justice and freedom existed could human problems be solved. I always believed that only through the solution of these problems could human values be realized. A free individual, an individual who lives justly, only this individual can offer all which the human being has to offer, all of his greatness and all of his human dignity."

His experience in Croatia, dominated by communism, did not manage to pervert or shatter his own view of socialism; rather he felt that the sort of socialism he believed in had nothing whatsoever to do with communism, an ideology that he viewed as nothing more than centralist totalitarianism, of which its followers, he said, "are incapable of thinking freely. They do not know what freedom is!" In 1989, Gotovac joined the newly formed Croatian Social Liberal Party. Due to his passionate eloquence he became one of its most prominent members. As such, he worked very hard to find proper balance between Croatian nationalism and liberalism. In 1991 in the Sabor during a protest rally held in front of Yugoslav People's Army headquarters. He made passionate and defiant speech responding to the generals who at the time were making many threats against Croatia.

In the period from 1990 to 1996 he served as the president of Matica hrvatska.

Political career
Gotovac entered the Sabor in 1992 where his passion and eloquence made him into one of the most popular and charismatic Croatian politicians. His harsh criticism of Franjo Tuđman and his authoritarian policies made him into one of the rallying figure of Croatian opposition.

In mid-1990s Gotovac replaced Dražen Budiša at the leadership of Croatian Social Liberal Party ("HSLS"). His tenure was brief but it also revealed his lack of political talent. During the Zagreb Crisis he allowed himself to be manipulated into embarrassing negotiations with the Croatian Democratic Union, which harmed the reputation of party and its unity.

In 1996 he was chosen as president of the HSLS, where he told his audience: "Do not fear, this is our country and we have the right to rule it as we like!" In that same year he ran as a presidential candidate, but was assaulted during the campaign. He did not win the presidency instead it was claimed by Franjo Tuđman, a fellow former dissident. But Tuđman's victory was disputed by Gotovac, who accused him of manipulating the results. As president, Tuđman did not undertake the sort of reforms hoped for by Gotovac and others, rather he became autocratic, suppressing the media if it dared to criticize him or his system, as well as limiting the civil and political rights of Croatian citizens. The following year Gotovac split from the HSLS to form the Liberal Party. Gotovac participated in a region wide movement of writers becoming politicians, for this occurrence took place in Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, with Václav Havel being one of the most famous writers turned statesman.

Gotovac tried running as a candidate of Croatian centrist and liberal opposition on 1997 presidential election. During the campaign rally in Pula he was assaulted and injured by a Croatian Army officer Tomislav Brzović who was under influence of alcohol and was shouting "Long live Ante Pavelić. I am Ustaša, I will kill you all", upon being arrested. Later it was revealed that Brzović was member of elite security unit guarding president Franjo Tuđman. The incident didn't have much impact on the campaign. This led to the formal split in HSLS. Dražen Budiša, advocating more populist rhetoric and future coalition with HDZ, regained the party leadership. Gotovac, who advocated HSLS remaining true to liberal principles, left HSLS and formed new Liberal Party. This party failed to attract majority of HSLS membership and its voters.

Ironically, Budiša, instead of aligning with HDZ, made a coalition with SDP instead in 1998. LS was left out of it and LS entered Sabor in 2000 only by joining the bloc of centrist parties led by the Croatian Peasant Party.

Death
On 7 December 2000 Gotovac died in Rome, aged 70, from a liver cancer as a complications based on hepatitis, caused by infected injection needle used in his prison infirmary.

title: Vlado Gotovac


text:
1991 in country music

This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1991.

Events

 * March 16 — The country music world is stunned when seven members of Reba McEntire's band and her road manager are killed in a plane crash in California. McEntire – who traveled separately – recorded her album, For My Broken Heart in their memory.
 * August 16 — Holly Dunn asks that radio stations withdraw her single "Maybe I Mean Yes" due to listener complaints that its lyrics condone date rape.
 * August 30 — Country music pioneer, Dottie West is seriously injured while en route to a Grand Ole Opry performance in Nashville, Tennessee. Her fans and contemporaries are deeply saddened when she dies of her injuries September 4 at a Nashville hospital. President George H. W. Bush sends his condolences to the country music world during the CMA Awards later that year.
 * September 28 — Ropin' the Wind by Garth Brooks becomes the first album to debut at No. 1 on Billboard magazine's Top Country Albums and Billboard 200 Albums charts. The album, Brooks' third, vaults the 29-year-old singer into superstardom and goes on to sell 16 million copies worldwide. The album became the second best selling album of all genres in 1991, coming in second to Mariah Carey's debut album.
 * November 24 — Hot Country Nights begins a one-season run on NBC. The series was created to cash in on the exploding popularity of country music, and showcased several acts on each episode; featured on the premiere were Alabama, Clint Black, K.T. Oslin, Kenny Rogers and Pam Tillis. The series did not catch on in the ratings and is canceled at the end of the season.

No dates

 * Naomi Judd announces she had been diagnosed with Hepatitis C, a potentially fatal chronic liver disease, and would be retiring from touring with daughter Wynonna at the end of the year. The resulting "Farewell" tour becomes the year's top-grossing act in country music and ends with a New Year's Eve pay-per-view concert.
 * "SoundScan" is introduced, providing more accurate Billboard magazine chart ratings that are based on actual sales. Immediate evidence proved country music had a much bigger audience than previously thought.
 * Eight acts have their first Billboard No. 1 songs, including Mark Chesnutt, Mike Reid, Alan Jackson, Doug Stone, Diamond Rio, Trisha Yearwood, Brooks & Dunn and Lionel Cartwright. Three of those – Diamond Rio, Yearwood and Brooks & Dunn – turn the trick with their first national release; Reid's first solo release also hit the top of the chart, but he had hit the Top 5 as part of a duet with Ronnie Milsap (1988's "Old Folks") three years earlier.

Regular series

 * Hee Haw (1969–1993, syndicated)
 * Hot Country Nights (1991–1992, NBC)

Births

 * September 9 – Hunter Hayes, country-pop singer/multi-instrumentalist of the early 2010s best known for his crossover hit "Wanted"
 * September 21 - Ingrid Andress, known for her 2019-20 hit "More Hearts Than Mine".
 * December 27 – Shay Mooney, member of Dan + Shay, a rising duo of the 2010s.
 * September 27 - Sierra Hull Mandolin virtuoso, IBMA mandolin Player of the year 2016 and 2018. Continuous innovator of mandolin and mandolin family instruments, playing in traditional and non traditional ways

Deaths

 * February 24 — Webb Pierce, 69, honky tonk stylist and pioneer (pancreatic cancer).
 * March 16 — Chris Austin, 27, member of Reba McEntire's road band (plane crash).
 * September 4 — Dottie West, 58, legendary and pioneering female vocalist for over three decades (injuries from a car accident).
 * October 17 — Tennessee Ernie Ford, 72, "The Old Pea Picker;" pop-country singer and TV host best known for "Sixteen Tons" (liver failure).

Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Flatt and Scruggs
 * Lester Flatt
 * Earl Scruggs
 * Bill Monroe

Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Boudleaux & Felice Bryant (Boudleaux Bryant 1920–1987 and Felice (Scaduto) Bryant 1925–2003)

Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Rhythm Pals
 * A. Hugh Joseph

Grammy Awards

 * Best Female Country Vocal Performance — "Down at the Twist and Shout", Mary Chapin Carpenter
 * Best Male Country Vocal Performance — Ropin' the Wind, Garth Brooks
 * Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal — "Love Can Build a Bridge," The Judds
 * Best Country Collaboration with Vocals — "Restless", Ricky Skaggs, Steve Wariner and Vince Gill
 * Best Country Instrumental Performance — The New Nashville Cats, Mark O'Connor
 * Best Country Song — "Love Can Build a Bridge", John Barlow Jarvis, Naomi Judd and Paul Overstreet
 * Best Bluegrass Album — "Spring Training", Carl Jackson and John Starling

Juno Awards

 * Country Male Vocalist of the Year — George Fox
 * Country Female Vocalist of the Year — Cassandra Vasik
 * Country Group or Duo of the Year — Prairie Oyster

Academy of Country Music

 * Entertainer of the Year — Garth Brooks
 * Song of the Year — "Somewhere in My Broken Heart", Billy Dean and Richard Leigh (Performer: Billy Dean)
 * Single of the Year — "Don't Rock the Jukebox", Alan Jackson
 * Album of the Year — Don't Rock the Jukebox, Alan Jackson
 * Top Male Vocalist — Garth Brooks
 * Top Female Vocalist — Reba McEntire
 * Top Vocal Duo — Brooks & Dunn
 * Top Vocal Group — Diamond Rio
 * Top New Male Vocalist — Billy Dean
 * Top New Female Vocalist — Trisha Yearwood
 * Top New Vocal Duo or Group — Brooks & Dunn
 * Video of the Year — "Is There Life Out There", Reba McEntire (Director: Jack Cole)

ARIA Awards
(presented in Sydney on March 25, 1991)
 * Best Country Album - Hand It Down (James Blundell)

Canadian Country Music Association

 * Bud Country Fans' Choice Award — Rita MacNeil
 * Male Artist of the Year — George Fox
 * Female Artist of the Year — Michelle Wright
 * Group of the Year — Prairie Oyster
 * SOCAN Song of the Year — "Lonely You, Lonely Me", Joan Besen
 * Single of the Year — "New Kind of Love", Michelle Wright
 * Album of the Year — Michelle Wright, Michelle Wright
 * Top Selling Album — Home I'll Be, Rita MacNeil
 * Video of the Year — "Springtime in Alberta", Ian Tyson
 * Vista Rising Star Award — South Mountain
 * Duo of the Year — The Johner Brothers

Country Music Association

 * Entertainer of the Year — Garth Brooks
 * Song of the Year — "When I Call a Your Name", Tim DuBois and Vince Gill (Performer: Vince Gill)
 * Single of the Year — "Friends in Low Places", Garth Brooks
 * Album of the Year — No Fences, Garth Brooks
 * Male Vocalist of the Year — Vince Gill
 * Female Vocalist of the Year — Tanya Tucker
 * Horizon Award — Travis Tritt
 * Vocal Duo of the Year — The Judds
 * Vocal Group of the Year — The Kentucky Headhunters
 * Vocal Event of the Year — "Restless", Vince Gill, Mark O'Connor, Ricky Skaggs and Steve Wariner
 * Music Video of the Year — "The Thunder Rolls", Garth Brooks (Director: Bud Schaetzle)
 * Musician of the Year — Mark O'Connor

Other links

 * Country Music Association
 * Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame

title: 1991 in country music


text:
1990 in country music

This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1990.

Events

 * January 20 — Billboard magazine begins basing the Hot Country Singles chart entirely on radio airplay through Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems (BDS), which uses a computerized system to detect actual radio spins. The number of chart positions is reduced from 100 to 75. The new system has an immediate effect on how long the year's biggest songs stay at No. 1:
 * February 3 — "Nobody’s Home" by Clint Black becomes the first three-week No. 1 since Randy Travis' "Forever and Ever, Amen" in 1987.
 * April 7 — Travis' "Hard Rock Bottom of Your Heart" breaks the four-week barrier, the first since 1978's "Mamas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys" by Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson.
 * July 7 — "Love Without End, Amen" by George Strait is Billboard's first five-week No. 1 song, matching 1977's "Here You Come Again" by Dolly Parton. Incidentally, "Love Without End, Amen" is Strait's first multi-week chart-topper, after his first 18 No. 1s had spent just one week on top.
 * Just 23 songs would reach the chart's summit in 1990, 13 of them multi-weekers; this was fewer than half the number that reached the top of the chart a year earlier, and the fewest since 1972.

No dates

 * The Smithsonian Institution releases Classic Country Music: A Smithsonian Collection, a 100-track, four-volume set including the most important and notable songs in the genre's history, from 1924 to 1987. The set, which includes an 84-page booklet by historian Bill Malone, replaces the Smithsonian's eight-volume, 143-track set – titled The Smithsonian Collection of Classic Country Music – issued in 1981. The release of Classic Country Music: A Smithsonian Collection continues a trend towards chronicling the genre's history via compact disc during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Time-Life Music's Country USA series continued to issue new albums, while Columbia Records issues its five-volume Country Classics series during the summer. Rhino Records also releases ten volumes of Billboard Top Country Singles, each depicting the top 10 songs from the years 1959 through 1968.

Regular series

 * Hee Haw (1969–1993, syndicated)

Births

 * January 8 – Frank Ray, singer known for his 2022 hit "Country'd Look Good on You".
 * March 2 — Luke Combs, singer-songwriter of the 2010s.
 * March 30 — Thomas Rhett, singer-songwriter, son of singer-songwriter Rhett Akins.
 * April 10 — Maren Morris, musician and singer-songwriter known for her 2016 hit "My Church".
 * April 24 — Carly Pearce, singer-songwriter of the 2010s.
 * May 17 — Kree Harrison, singer and musician, who was the runner-up on the twelfth season of American Idol.
 * May 27 — Brett Kissel, Canadian country singer of the 2010s.
 * July 23 — Neil Perry, member of The Band Perry.
 * July 27 — Cheyenne Kimball, member of Gloriana from 2008–2011.
 * October 22 — Dylan Scott, singer known for his hits "My Girl" and "Hooked".

Deaths

 * April 26 – Wesley Rose, 72, president of Acuff-Rose Music publishing.
 * August 15 — Lew DeWitt, 52, tenor and founding member of the Statler Brothers (complications from Crohn's disease)
 * October 31 — Carl Belew, 59, best known for writing the song "Am I That Easy to Forget" (cancer)

Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Tennessee Ernie Ford (1919–1991)

Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Gordie Tapp
 * Ron Sparling

Grammy Awards

 * Best Female Country Vocal Performance — "Where've You Been", Kathy Mattea
 * Best Male Country Vocal Performance — "When I Call Your Name", Vince Gill
 * Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal — Pickin' on Nashville, The Kentucky Headhunters
 * Best Country Collaboration with Vocals — "Poor Boy Blues", Chet Atkins and Mark Knopfler
 * Best Country Instrumental Performance — "So Soft, Your Goodbye", Chet Atkins and Mark Knopfler
 * Best Country Song — "Where've You Been", Don Henry and Jon Vezner
 * Best Bluegrass Recording — "I've Got That Old Feeling", Alison Krauss

Juno Awards

 * Country Male Vocalist of the Year — George Fox
 * Country Female Vocalist of the Year — Rita MacNeil
 * Country Group or Duo of the Year — Prairie Oyster

Academy of Country Music

 * Entertainer of the Year — Garth Brooks
 * Song of the Year — "The Dance", Tony Arata (Performer: Garth Brooks)
 * Single of the Year — "Friends in Low Places", Garth Brooks
 * Album of the Year — No Fences, Garth Brooks
 * Top Male Vocalist — Garth Brooks
 * Top Female Vocalist — Reba McEntire
 * Top Vocal Duo — The Judds
 * Top Vocal Group — Shenandoah
 * Top New Male Vocalist — Alan Jackson
 * Top New Female Vocalist — Shelby Lynne
 * Top New Vocal Duo or Group — Pirates of the Mississippi
 * Video of the Year — "The Dance", Garth Brooks (Director: John Lloyd Miller)

ARIA Awards
(presented in Sydney on March 26, 1990)
 * Best Country Album - Warragul (John Williamson)

Canadian Country Music Association

 * Bud Country Fans' Choice Award — k.d. lang
 * Male Artist of the Year — George Fox
 * Female Artist of the Year — Michelle Wright
 * Group of the Year — Prairie Oyster
 * SOCAN Song of the Year — "Pioneers", Barry Brown
 * Single of the Year — "Goodbye, So Long, Hello", Prairie Oyster
 * Album of the Year — Absolute Torch and Twang, k.d. lang
 * Top Selling Album — Rita, Rita MacNeil
 * Video of the Year — "Pioneers", Family Brown
 * Vista Rising Star Award — Patricia Conroy
 * Duo of the Year — Gary Fjellgaard and Linda Kidder

Country Music Association

 * Entertainer of the Year — George Strait
 * Song of the Year — "Where've You Been", Don Henry and Jon Vezner (Performer: Kathy Mattea)
 * Single of the Year — "When I Call Your Name", Vince Gill
 * Album of the Year — Pickin' on Nashville, The Kentucky Headhunters
 * Male Vocalist of the Year — Clint Black
 * Female Vocalist of the Year — Kathy Mattea
 * Vocal Duo of the Year — The Judds
 * Vocal Group of the Year — The Kentucky Headhunters
 * Horizon Award — Garth Brooks
 * Music Video of the Year — "The Dance", Garth Brooks (Director: John Lloyd Miller)
 * Vocal Event of the Year — "'Til a Tear Becomes a Rose", Lorrie Morgan and Keith Whitley
 * Musician of the Year — Johnny Gimble

Other links

 * Country Music Association
 * Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame

title: 1990 in country music


text:
1999 in country music

This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1999.

Events

 * March 6 — George Jones, in the midst of a comeback this year, is seriously injured when he crashed his Lexus into a bridge. It is later revealed that alcohol was a factor in the accident, and he pleaded guilty to drunk driving charges.
 * June — Comedian Jeff Foxworthy debuts his syndicated radio countdown show, "The Foxworthy Countdown." The radio show would end ten years later.
 * September 4 — Lonestar's hit, "Amazed", spends its eighth week at No. 1 on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, becoming the first song to do so since Jack Greene's 1966 hit, "There Goes My Everything." In several other trade magazines, including Radio & Records, "Amazed" reigns for nine weeks, which made it the longest-lasting Number One single since 1966's "Almost Persuaded" by David Houston. By year's end, "Amazed" is gaining popularity on CHR and adult contemporary stations (in re-mixed versions, which excised the steel guitar).
 * September 22 - Alan Jackson sings the chorus of George Jones' "Choices" in the middle of his performance of "Pop a Top" on the Country Music Association Awards broadcast, after TV producers required that Jones perform an abridged version, in which he refused and boycotted the show. The performance has become one of the best and most memorable moments in CMA history.
 * September 28 - Garth Brooks releases In the Life of Chris Gaines, a compilation album of Brooks' alter ego, fictional Australian rock star Chris Gaines. The album was intended to be the soundtrack to a film called The Lamb, however the film was never filmed, due to financial and management problems. The album received disappointing sales in comparison to Brooks' other albums.

Deaths

 * February 8 – Lulu Belle (born Myrtle Eleanor Cooper), 85, one-half of the 1930s–1940s husband-and-wife duo Lulu Belle and Scotty, later a state Representative in the North Carolina Legislature.
 * September 30 — Connie Eaton, 49, singer of the 1970s (cancer)
 * October 2 — Danny Mayo, 49, writer of hit singles by Alabama, Confederate Railroad, Pirates of the Mississippi, and Tracy Byrd, father of songwriter Aimee Mayo (heart attack)
 * December 17 — Rex Allen, 78, "The Arizona Cowboy" and traveling rodeo performer.
 * December 20 — Hank Snow, 85, "The Singing Ranger," best known for "I'm Movin' On."

Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Kenny Baker

Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Johnny Bond (1915–1978)
 * Dolly Parton (born 1946)
 * Conway Twitty (1933–1993)

Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame inductees

 * Ronnie Prophet
 * Walt Grealis

Grammy Awards

 * Best Female Country Vocal Performance — "Man! I Feel Like a Woman!", Shania Twain
 * Best Male Country Vocal Performance — "Choices", George Jones
 * Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal — "Ready to Run", Dixie Chicks
 * Best Country Collaboration with Vocals — "After the Gold Rush", Emmylou Harris, Dolly Parton and Linda Ronstadt
 * Best Country Instrumental Performance — "Bob's Breakdowns", Tommy Allsup, Asleep at the Wheel, Floyd Domino, Larry Franklin, Vince Gill and Steve Wariner
 * Best Country Song — "Come on Over", Shania Twain and Robert John "Mutt" Lange
 * Best Country Album — Fly, Dixie Chicks
 * Best Bluegrass Album — Ancient Tones, Ricky Skaggs & Kentucky Thunder

Juno Awards

 * Best Country Male Artist — Paul Brandt
 * Best Country Female Artist — Shania Twain
 * Best Country Group or Duo — The Rankins

Academy of Country Music

 * Entertainer of the Year — Shania Twain
 * Song of the Year — "Amazed", Marv Green, Aimee Mayo
 * Single of the Year — "Amazed", Lonestar
 * Album of the Year — Fly, Dixie Chicks
 * Top Male Vocalist — Tim McGraw
 * Top Female Vocalist — Faith Hill
 * Top Vocal Duo or Group — Dixie Chicks
 * Top New Male Vocalist — Brad Paisley
 * Top New Female Vocalist — Jessica Andrews
 * Top New Vocal Duo or Group — Montgomery Gentry
 * Video of the Year — "Breathe", Faith Hill (Director: Lili Fini Zanuck)
 * Vocal Event of the Year — "When I Said I Do", Clint Black with Lisa Hartman Black

ARIA Awards
(presented in Sydney on October 12, 1999)
 * Best Country Album - The Captain (Kasey Chambers)
 * ARIA Hall of Fame - Jimmy Little

Canadian Country Music Association

 * CMT Maple Leaf Foods Fans' Choice Award — Shania Twain
 * Male Artist of the Year — Paul Brandt
 * Female Artist of the Year — Shania Twain
 * Group or Duo of the Year — The Wilkinsons
 * SOCAN Song of the Year — "26 Cents", Steve Wilkinson, William Wallace
 * Single of the Year — "26 Cents", The Wilkinsons
 * Album of the Year — Nothing but Love, The Wilkinsons
 * Top Selling Album — Wide Open Spaces, Dixie Chicks
 * Video of the Year — "That Don't Impress Me Much", Shania Twain
 * Wrangler Rising Star Award — The Wilkinsons
 * Vocal/Instrumental Collaboration of the Year — "From This Moment On", Shania Twain and Bryan White

Country Music Association

 * Entertainer of the Year — Shania Twain
 * Song of the Year — "This Kiss", Robin Lerner, Annie Roboff and Beth Nielsen Chapman
 * Single of the Year — "Wide Open Spaces", Dixie Chicks
 * Album of the Year — A Place in the Sun, Tim McGraw
 * Male Vocalist of the Year — Tim McGraw
 * Female Vocalist of the Year — Martina McBride
 * Vocal Duo of the Year — Brooks & Dunn
 * Vocal Group of the Year — Dixie Chicks
 * Horizon Award — Jo Dee Messina
 * Music Video of the Year — "Wide Open Spaces", Dixie Chicks (Director: Thom Oliphant)
 * Vocal Event of the Year — "My Kind of Woman, My Kind of Man", Vince Gill and Patty Loveless
 * Musician of the Year — Randy Scruggs

RPM Big Country Awards

 * Canadian Country Artist of the Year — Shania Twain
 * Best Country Album — Nothing but Love, The Wilkinsons
 * Best Country Single — "26 Cents", The Wilkinsons
 * Male Artist of the Year — Paul Brandt
 * Female Artist of the Year — Shania Twain
 * Group of the Year — The Wilkinsons
 * Outstanding New Male Artist — Gil Grand
 * Outstanding New Female Artist — Stephanie Beaumont
 * Outstanding New Group or Duo — The Johner Brothers
 * Canadian Country Video — "26 Cents", The Wilkinsons
 * Top Country Composer(s) — Bruce Guthro

Other links

 * Country Music Association
 * Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame

title: 1999 in country music


text:
Talk:Koblenz

And again, please explain Koblenz's "Polish history". Alai 17:37, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The 3-Reich flag is unacceptable. This has to be changed!!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.123.119.223 (talk) 23:36, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

Maybe use this image?

Could there be a good way to work this image, one that beautiifully illustrates the historical spelling "Coblenz", into the article? Just wondering, as it is stated very prominetly in the first sentence of the article, and this may be reinforced by this image.

TFCforever (talk) 21:28, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

That map is not a map of Koblenz, but of Coblenz, a small village near the Eastern border of Germany. Elanguescence (talk) 11:12, 17 August 2010 (UTC)

List of Sister Cities
Please change "List of sister cities in Hungary" to "List of sister cities in Germany" Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.74.216.98 (talk) 00:56, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
 * ✅ -- User:Marek69 .     00:58, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

Deutsches Eck monument: photoshopped image
There's something very odd about the cablecar photograph. The first thing I noticed was that one of the cabins appeared to be in front of a cable it should be behind, and more careful inspection shows that there are repeated "breaks" in the cable and also that it's far too heavy when compared with other photos.

I think it would befit a city of the status of Koblenz not to be represented by a suspect image. MarkMLl (talk) 21:51, 2 March 2015 (UTC)

 * The photo is alright. As you can see in this picture, the brighter drag rope is in the middle of the 2 darker holding ropes, a bit lower, but as height varies it gets eclipsed by the darker ropes here and there, creating the illusion of breaks you reported. Also, the porter cabin below the monument in that photo just appears to be in front of the cable due to overexposure. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.115.111.133 (talk) 10:12, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

Replacement of an image illustration
Please take care of this discussion Talk:Basilica_of_St._Castor that is also a matter for this article. --– Wladyslaw (talk) 19:03, 11 June 2015 (UTC)

Timeline of Koblenz
What is missing from the somewhat recently created city timeline article? Please add relevant content! Contributions welcome. Thank you. -- M2545 (talk) 10:09, 29 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Koblenz. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080513174344/http://www.nationalyoyo.org/museum/generalhistory.htm to http://www.nationalyoyo.org/museum/generalhistory.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:40, 28 November 2017 (UTC)

Koblenz Germany history
Was Koblenz Germany at one time under French rule.? SirMannSpencer (talk) 02:28, 14 October 2018 (UTC)

Certainly - in 1794. The French Revolutionary Government controlled the army that took it. LTC (Ret.) David J. Cormier (talk) 11:38, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

"Deutsches Eck"?
Have no sources but read, that the name "Deutsches Eck" has nothing to do with "Deutschland", but with a house or "castle" nearby of the "German Order" to defend Jerusalem. The figure stood long on the other side of the Mosel because there was opposition to put this idiot up. Dubiel (talk) 19:29, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

Arts and culture
There is no mention of the arts in the article. Koblenz has many theaters, music ensembles, art museums, etc. I just created a stub article on the city's symphony orchestra, Staatsorchester Rheinische Philharmonie, but I see no place to put it in the article currently. This would be a good topic for expansion. Best.4meter4 (talk) 15:35, 11 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Koblenz


text: Template:User io-1

title: Template:User io-1


text:
Pavillon de Breteuil

The Pavillon de Breteuil lies in the southeastern section of the Parc de Saint-Cloud in Saint-Cloud, France, to the west of Paris. It is listed in France as a historic monument. Since 1875 it has been the headquarters of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM).

History
Built overlooking the River Seine by Thomas Gobert in the parkland surrounding the Château de Saint-Cloud, the building was inaugurated by Louis XIV in 1672 and first known as the Trianon de Saint-Cloud. The Trianon was renamed as the Pavillon du Mail in 1743 after being slightly modified.

In 1785 the whole of the château estate (the Domaine de Saint-Cloud), including the pavillon, was acquired by Marie Antoinette, the queen of Louis XVI. For his part in arranging the acquisition of the pavillon, the queen granted Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil the use of the estate, and he made the pavillon his official residence, and it was renamed to the Pavillon de Breteuil.

During the French Revolution (1789–99), Breteuil fled from France, and the state took ownership of the pavillon. Following the revolution, the pavillon was renovated by Napoleon, renamed as the Pavillon d'Italie. Until the fall of Napoleon in 1815, it was used as accommodation for visiting royalty.

Following another restoration started in 1817, the pavillon, now the Pavillon de Breteuil again, was used as the official residence of a series of officials and dignitaries up until the start of the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71). In 1870, as a result of shelling during that war, the château was destroyed and the pavillon was badly damaged.

Usage
In 1875, the Diplomatic Conference of the Metre in Paris, which had been convened by the French government to try to reach an agreement on international collaboration for the maintenance and development of the metric system, established the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) To facilitate its work on the formulation of international standards, the French government offered the use of a site in the Domaine de Saint-Cloud, which included the badly war-damaged Pavillon de Breteuil.

Following an agreement signed on 25 April 1969 with the French government, functional privileges and immunities were granted to the BIPM as an international organisation operating on the site of the Pavillon de Breteuil.

It is the home of the International Prototype of the Kilogram, which lost its status as a standard on 20 May 2019.

Since 1900, the building has been listed as part of the Domaine national de Saint-Cloud as an historic monument in France.

title: Pavillon de Breteuil