text:
Talk:Thomas J. Dodd

(JFPO)
Contrary to User:Firebug's claims the JPFO is not a 'fringe' group. It's website is cited by Encyclopedia Brittanica as "Best of the Web", so the work they do is clearly encyclopedic quality. They have received the Heritage of Freedom Award from the Students for the Second Amendment. They have extensively documented Nazi weapons laws:
 * http://www.jpfo.org/NaziLawEnglish.htm
 * http://www.jpfo.org/GCA_68.htm

The above article and the book it reviews clearly document the involvement of Thomas J Dodd in this. Mlorrey 22:52, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * JPFO rdrs to Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership, "founded by former firearms dealer Aaron Zelman in 1986" and having 4000 members. "[C]learly encyclopedic quality" is damn hard to connect to "best" let alone "best of the Web". And Googling
 * JPFO OR "Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership" "Encyclopedia Brittanica"
 * "Best of the Web" produces 2 hits for the blog of a Doug Ross, with indistinguishable previews, and the accessible one is interminable and mentions the org and the other keywords only in separate items. Mlorrey was banned by ArbCom a couple months later after a few hundred edits, and remains blocked, so hope of confirming their undocumented assertion seems slim. --Jerzy•t 22:17, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

removal of Unreferenced
I removed the Unreferenced from this article, as it seems now to be documented. If there any remaining items that need to be attributed, please use the fact template to note them. — Bellhalla 22:49, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

Schwwartz?
A G-search produces
 * about 285,000 for Prosser, Wade and Schwwartz

of which the first thirty all nevertheless spell the third name with a single W. Putting quotes around it produces
 * 1 for "Prosser, Wade and Schwwartz"

and guess what the one is. (It displays the first 2 results for
 * "Prosser, Wade and Schwartz"

as well.) The first 30 of the quarter million are all for works by Prosser, Wade and Schwartz, or presumably later editions, with additional editors. Clearly "Schwartz" is a typo, which i've corrected. --Jerzy•t 21:31, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

Shrunken Heads as Evidence.
Can someone review this please? I think this page should include some acknowledgment of the possibility that Dodd's shrunken head might have been planted at Buchenwald by PsyOps when they liberated the camp. Dissid3nt (talk) 16:35, 11 November 2010 (UTC)
 * "Having said that, the maker of this video also believes that the holocaust is a giant myth." This source fails WP:RS quite easily.  Also per WP:FRINGE: "A fringe theory can be considered notable enough for a dedicated article if it has been referenced extensively, and in a serious manner, in at least one major publication, or by a notable group or individual that is independent of the theory."  Not in this case, I'm afraid.  Cheers :>  Doc   talk  17:47, 11 November 2010 (UTC)
 * That "shrunken head" obviously came from an anthropological museum, not from some concentration camp inmate, So the video was basically correct on this. Assuming that it is the same as here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eowsbXrBhig --41.151.82.26 (talk) 21:51, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

So because PBS ran a doc that said "a shrunken, stuffed and preserved human head of one of the concentration camp victims" that statement can be posted as fact here on Wikipedia? I should mention that neither the Wikipedia article on Buchenwald nor the one on Ohrdruf carries any mention of shrunken heads. Just curious. Isn't it possible that PBS merely repeated the false statements made in the Pffafenberger affidavit, which were in turn repeated at Nuremberg? I mean, if you want to talk about an ORIGINAL source that fails, if not WP:RS, then certainly a test of truthfulness, I believe the Pffafenberger affidavit is it.Dissid3nt (talk) 21:09, 11 November 2010 (UTC)

 * We don't rely on "truth" regarding sources: we rely on verifiability. The fact is that PBS is a reliable source and can be used and that the website you provided is not is not in dispute.  WP:RSN would be the place to bring up the reliability of that particular source.  You make an excellent point: the Buchenwald article especially needs mention of the shrunken heads: apparently there has been some resistance there concerning the issue, and I'm positive it's been in there before.  I would suggest bringing it up on the talk page, since there are an abundance of reliable sources that talk about the shrunken heads, and I would gladly help write a section about it if there are a few reliable sources to back it up.  Cheers :>  Doc   talk  21:22, 11 November 2010 (UTC)

Well I believe the heads were found at Ohrdruf, which was a sub-camp of Buchenwald. So first of all there should be an article about Ohrdruf, which there is not, and in it would need to be some mention of the shrunken heads. It's funny that our "reliable" source, PBS, is making use of material from an unreliable source, Pffafenberger. The net effect being to legitimize something (the shrunken head story) which could really use a much deeper investigation. I just can't shake the image of SS guards shrinking heads by the light of their skin-shaded lamps.Dissid3nt (talk) 03:56, 14 November 2010 (UTC)
 * The Ohrdruf concentration camp page has been around since 4 June 2008. How did you not find it?Markvs88 (talk) 04:27, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

The Germans didn't consider "Jews" to be human so anything was possible at that time. I have never heard about Shrunken heads. They did experiment with children doing some horrendous things so I suppose anything is possible. However I do remember Thomas J. Dodd as a corrupt Political figure from Connecticut many years ago. I was very young at the time but my Dad was visibly upset because he talked about, "how no one will trust him anymore". We took a ride to see where Mr. Dodd hid the Limo he used while in the State. It was located in a State garage in Warehouse Point Connecticut. The licence plate had "DODD" or "DODD 1" on it. There is a new book written by David D. Koskoff about Mr. Dodd and his flamboyant behavior. I seem to remember that "Dodd" was in "big trouble" and that it caused the people of the State to very upset. Although he did some good things I have ofter wondered how this corruption could be covered up for all these years. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tyler306 (talk • contribs) 12:35, 6 May 2011 (UTC)
 * "The Germans didn't consider "Jews" to be human". Now that statement is a load of bullcrap for several reasons. --41.151.62.159 (talk) 21:40, 14 June 2014 (UTC)

Ambassador to Germany?
William E Dodd was US Ambassador to Germany from 33 to 37; but Thomas J. Dodd was never Ambassador to Germany75.24.76.83 (talk) 14:44, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Thomas J. Dodd


text:
User:Sean Garrett

Sean A Garrett is currently an Oxford exchange student at Keble College, preparing three books for publication, an article about the validity of a comparison between ancient Rome, circa the fall of the Republic into the Empire and the loss of rights in America. He attends the University of Georgia and will graduate.

Don't hate him because he hasn't done anything. That describes 6.2 billion of the 6.6 billion people alive.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Sean Garrett


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mall monkeys

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 15:20, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Mall monkeys
The entire current text of the article is "mall monkeys is a comic strip on the internet". It appears to have been a web comic at some time, though it is defunct and no longer available on the web. Is this notable enough to have an entry, and is there anything to say about it? --Tabor 22:52, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I remember reading it a few years back. It was quite amusing, if I remember correctly. Not very notable, tho. --Tydaj 01:32, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, useless orphan substub. -- Infrogmation 05:55, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 11:34, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Macquarie Infrastructure Corporation

Macquarie Infrastructure Corporation (MIC) owns, operates and invests in a diversified group of infrastructure businesses. Macquarie Infrastructure Corporation's business consists of the largest network of fixed-base operations in the United States, the largest bulk storage terminal business in the U.S., a gas production and distribution business, and a controlling interest in two district energy businesses. The company is headquartered in New York City. MIC is managed by Macquarie Infrastructure Management (USA) Inc. (MIMUSA), which is also one of MIC's largest shareholders. MIMUSA is a member of Sydney-based Macquarie Group Limited.

History
The company took its name from Macquarie Bank, which took its name from Lachlan Macquarie, who was Governor of New South Wales. One of his achievements includes the establishment of Australia's first bank and introduction of its first domestic coinage in 1813, the Holey dollar. Macquarie's logo is a stylized version of Holey dollar coin.

On December 16, 2004 the company went public as Macquarie Infrastructure Company Trust: it sold 26 million shares at $25 a piece and collected $665 million.

On January 11, 2006, the AvPorts division was merged into the Atlantic division.

On January 1, 2007, Macquarie Infrastructure Company Trust was succeeded by Macquarie Infrastructure Company LLC.

On January 1, 2009, AvPorts was sold to Aviation Facilities Company, Inc. (AFCO).

On January 28, 2010, Macquarie Infrastructure Corporation announced that its airport parking business, Parking Corporation of America Airports (PCAA), had entered into an asset purchase agreement with Bainbridge ZKS - Corinthian Holdings, LLC. The company had earlier filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy.

On May 21, 2015, membership interests in Macquarie Infrastructure Company LLC were exchanged, one for one, for shares of Macquarie Infrastructure Corporation as a result of the conversion of the Company from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation.

On July 21, 2022, Macquarie Infrastructure Holdings, LLC (“MIC”) announced that it completed its previously disclosed merger with an affiliate of Argo Infrastructure Partners, LP and the units of the Company were delisted from the New York Stock Exchange. MIC completed sales of its International-Matex Tank Terminals business in 2020 and its Atlantic Aviation business in 2021.

Subsidiaries

 * Atlantic Aviation
 * MIC Hawaii (formerly Hawai'i Gas)

 * CP&E

Atlantic Aviation
Atlantic Aviation

MIC Hawaii
MIC Hawaii (formerly Hawaii Gas) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Macquarie Infrastructure Corporation, founded in 1904. It is the sole franchised gas utility provider in the state of Hawaii. The company provides synthetic natural gas, and propane, and is working on providing Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) to 70,000 customers in Hawaii. The company recently underwent a rebranding, changing its name from The Gas Company to Hawai'i Gas, to reflect its position on changing Hawaii's energy future.

International-Matex Tank Terminals
International-Matex Tank Terminals (IMTT), founded in 1939 and based in New Orleans, Louisiana, is the owner of the largest bulk storage terminal businesses in the United States. It stores and handles petroleum products, vegetable and tropical oils, renewable fuels, and various chemicals. The company also provides support services, such as design, procurement, and construction management of retrofit and grassroots facilities in petrochemical and chemical storage facilities; inventory management; tank leasing; packaging; and heating, blending, and product services. In addition, IMTT offers intra-company rail service flexible blending and transfer, customer waterfront, economical heating, petroleum reserve, and drum filling services. Macquarie Infrastructure Group purchased 50 percent stake in 2006, and assumed full ownership in 2014.

 * Storage Terminal Locations
 * 1) Richmond, CA
 * 2) Joliet, IL
 * 3) Lemont, IL
 * 4) Avondale, LA
 * 5) Geismar, LA
 * 6) Gretna, LA
 * 7) St. Rose, LA
 * 8) Bayonne, NJ
 * 9) Chesapeake, VA
 * 10) Richmond, VA
 * 11) Quebec, Canada
 * 12) Placentia Bay, Newfoundland

title: Macquarie Infrastructure Corporation


text:
User talk:Dsquared

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! smoddy 22:53, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Talk:Oliver North
Hi again. I have just taken a look at the discussion on this page (at some length), and I think it would be useful to bear these points in mind. 1) I am presuming that your admin is Mel Etitis. I think he has not exactly fulfilled Wikipedia's guideline to assume good faith, being too hasty to label you a sockpuppet.  2) I think your points are valid, but I also understand Mel and Holdek's arguments. "Controversial" does not necessarily mean wrong – solely that there were opinions and debates on both sides. I don't consider "controversial" to be POV. In summary, I would agree that Mel's wording is probably more concise (though not really more neutral), but that both Holdak and Mel's behaviour has been less that would be expected. I have posted a note to Mel to this effect. If there's anything else you would like to talk to me about, please leave another note on my talk page, but I am going to bed now, so won't reply for at least 10 hours. Anyway, welcome again, and cheers, smoddy 23:35, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't edit my comments on Talk pages, or those of any User but yourself. I've replied to Smoddy on his Talk page, pointing out that your complaint was unjustified (if not not outright mendacious). Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 08:02, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dsquared


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nuns and Soldiers

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - kept - SimonP 15:19, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Nuns and Soldiers
Very POV with no encyclopedic content. Only a complete rewrite could fix it. The JPS 22:54, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC) Keep and expand after Rick's stub. The JPS 21:07, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * According to Amazon it's a classic. Unless someone writes a real review, delete. Keep with RickK edits Fornadan (t) 20:37, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Make it NPOV. Then keep. --Idont Havaname 02:08, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete hopelessly POV. better to start over. carmeld1 03:12, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The problem with that is that one of the criteria for speedy deletion is that if an article has been deleted before, it can be re-deleted on sight by an admin, without having to go through VfD again. So somebody might offer a great rewrite of this article, and it would still get speedied.  That's why it's better to keep and rewrite. --Idont Havaname 04:00, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Surely, though, an admin wouldn't speedy a genuine article about this? The JPS 12:10, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, this sometimes happens. Thanks to RickK for starting up the rewrite. --Idont Havaname 19:21, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and rewrite. Since it is a classic, then it belongs in WP. No point deleting the article if we are just going to recreate it and rewrite.--Fangz 03:17, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep per Idonthaveaname and Fangz. Xoloz 07:06, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The text in the article is one persons opinion - a signed, self review which doesn't even name the author. It is not in the slightest bit encyclopedic and must go entirely, and we don't need the history. Delete and list on requested articles. Average Earthman 09:56, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not an encyclopedia article. JamesBurns 11:35, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I have pared it down to a one-sentence stub. Keep and expand.  RickK 18:56, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep. Kappa 10:25, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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User:Leonig Mig

Inclusionist
Leonig Mig has made the judgement that many of the editors who spend their free time deleting articles would do better spending their time adding content instead. The only things which should be removed are things which are factually wrong.

Current Interests
Just clicking around...

 * The Jamaica Accords
 * Thomas H. McKittrick
 * Edgbaston
 * Victor Rothschild
 * Aleksandr Sakharovsky
 * Kenneth de Courcy
 * Government Digital Service

Leonig Mig
Leonig Mig is an excellent pseudonym for someone to use online. It is such a stupid name nobody would have it for real, so it allows google.com to keep track of everything. I starting using wikipedia at university to get general overviews on subjects when starting specific bits of research. After a time I found myself editing inaccuracies, but more frequently improving on little bits of style here and there. I have written a series of articles about the area I grew up and contribute a bit here and there.

Articles Contributed.

North Worcestershire.
 * Barnt Green
 * Barnt Green House
 * Bittell Reservoir
 * Cofton Hackett
 * Hewell Grange
 * Hopwood, Worcestershire
 * Lickey
 * Lickey Hills
 * Lickey Ridge
 * Longbridge
 * Tardebigge

Transport and Industry.
 * Birmingham & Gloucester Line
 * Longbridge plant

Re-workings/Contibutions

 * Migrations Period
 * Asceticism
 * On the Genealogy of Morals
 * Pope Boniface VIII
 * Faust
 * Service Oriented Architecture
 * SMS
 * Crazy paving

 * Leonig Mig

title: User:Leonig Mig


text:
Center embedding

In linguistics, center embedding is the process of embedding a phrase in the middle of another phrase of the same type. This often leads to difficulty with parsing which would be difficult to explain on grammatical grounds alone. The most frequently used example involves embedding a relative clause inside another one as in:

 * A man that a woman loves $$\Rightarrow$$
 * A man that a woman that a child knows loves $$\Rightarrow$$
 * A man that a woman that a child that a bird saw knows loves $$\Rightarrow$$
 * A man that a woman that a child that a bird that I heard saw knows loves

In theories of natural language parsing, the difficulty with multiple center embedding is thought to arise from limitations of the human short term memory. In order to process multiple center embeddings, we have to store many subjects in order to connect them to their predicates.

An interesting theoretical point is that sentences with multiple center embedding are grammatical, but unacceptable. Such examples are behind Noam Chomsky's comment that, "Languages are not 'designed for parsability' … we may say that languages, as such, are not usable."

Some researchers (such as Peter Reich) came up with theories that though single center embedding is acceptable (as in "the man that boy kicked is a friend of mine"), double center embedding is not. The linguist Anne De Roeck and colleagues provided a counter-example: "Isn't it true that example-sentences that people that you know produce are more likely to be accepted?" (De Roeck et al., 1982).

The linguist Fred Karlsson provided empirical evidence in 2007 that the maximal degree of multiple center-embedding of clauses is exactly 3 in written language. He provided thirteen genuine examples of this type from various Indo-European languages (Danish, English, German, Latin, Swedish). No real examples of degree 4 have been recorded. In spoken language, multiple center-embeddings even of degree 2 are so rare as to be practically non-existing.

Center embedding is the focus of a science fiction novel, Ian Watson's The Embedding, and plays a part in Ted Chiang's Story of Your Life.

Background
Embedding on its own refers to all types of clauses occurring as subordinate parts of a superordinate clause. There are three types of sub-clauses: complement, relative, and adverbial. Subordinators or relative pronouns indicate which sub clause is being used. Center embedding (abbreviated "C" or "c") contains words of the superordinate clause on the left and the right of the sub-clauses. Multiple center embedding of the same type of clause is called self-embedding.

In the English language we can create an infinite number of sentences, even though we have a set number of words and grammatical rules. We can create infinite sentences because of the rules of recursion and iteration. The rule of recursion is how we come to center embedding by embedding one sentence within another sentence. Linguists say that center embedding could go on forever and technically be grammatically correct. The reader would however become confused trying to keep track of who did what and when because our working memory would not be able to store and keep track of all the information. Given enough time and a piece of paper and pencil, the reader could work out the information until the sentence made sense.

Japanese
Japanese allows a singly nested clause, but an additional nesting makes a sentence unprocessable. Example from, section 13.4.

兄が 妹を いじめた

older.brother-NOM younger.sister-ACC bullied

"My older brother bullied my younger sister."

ベビーシッターは 兄が 妹を いじめた と 言った

babysitter-TOP older.brother-NOM younger.sister-ACC bullied that said

The babysitter said that my older brother bullied my younger sister.The following sentence is unprocessable:おばさんは ベビーシッターが 兄が 妹を いじめた と 言った と 思っている

aunt-TOP babysitter-NOM older.brother-NOM younger.sister-ACC bullied that said that thinks

My aunt thinks that the babysitter said that my older brother bullied my younger sister.

Effective and ineffective embedding
Embedding can be used when two clauses share a common category and can expand a sentence. It is not effective when optional categories are used to create extensive embedding in a sentence.

Example of effective embedding
My brother opened the window. The maid had closed it. -The common category is the window. So this sentence can be expanded to become My brother opened the window the maid had closed.

Example of ineffective embedding

 * My brother opened the window the maid the janitor Uncle Bill had hired had married had closed.

There is no common category for this sentence. So it should be broken up into multiple sentences to make sense to the reader:

 * My brother opened the window the maid had closed. She was the one who had married the janitor Uncle Bill had hired.

A center embedded sentence is difficult to comprehend when a relative clause is embedded in another relative clause. Comprehension becomes easier when the types of clause are different – when a complement clause is embedded in a relative clause or when a relative clause is embedded in a complement clause. For example: The man who heard that the dog had been killed on the radio ran away.

One can tell if a sentence is center embedded or edge embedded depending on where the brackets are located in the sentence.

 * 1) [Joe believes [Mary thinks [John is handsome.]]]
 * 2) The cat [that the dog [that the man hit] chased] meowed.

In sentence (1), all of the brackets are located on the right, so this sentence is right-embedded. In sentence (2), the brackets are located inside the sentence spaced throughout.

title: Center embedding


text:
User:Baccala@freesoft.org

Hello, I (baccala) am the editor of freesoft.org.

Freesoft's main claim to fame has been the Internet Encyclopedia, most of which I wrote about ten years ago to "take the Internet tradition of open, free protocol specifications, merge it with a 1990s Web presentation, and produce a readable and useful reference to the technical operation of the Internet." The Encyclopedia has three main sections - the Topical Core, a collection of 100 or so essays on various aspects of Internet engineering; HTML-ified versions of what I thought were the most important RFCs, so I could link a reader directly into an RFC subsection; and the Programmed Instruction Course, which was never really "programmed instruction", but did manage to shed a little light on CIDR for a few people. There was also a full-text search engine (now broken).

I've added a little bit here and there to the Encyclopedia, but it has remained unfinished. The most glaring omission is the near total absence of any dicussion of routing or bridging, despite their critical importance. There are a lot of reasons it has languished, and probably laziness is one of them, but I've now decided to reinvent the Encyclopedia - hopefully replace a "1990s Web presentation" with some a little better for the new millenium.

First, I plan to wrap the Topical Core into Wikipedia. I always wanted to do something like Wikipedia with my site, but could never get over the spam/vandalism problem, and never decided to just put it out there and police the site, like Wikipedia. And Wikipedia's scope is a lot broader than my site. So, anything that I had in the Topical Core that seems to missing from Wikipedia, I'm merging it in. Hopefully we'll end up with a Wikipedia Internet section that's a heck of a lot better than what I had come up with ten years ago.

Next, I want the course to be video-based. I've developed a new version of rfbproxy that lets me capture a screen session and turn it into an MPEG, DivX, or OGG video. I want to use this to develop a coherent series of videos to introduce Internet network engineering.

As for the RFCs, it was way too much trouble to convert them to HTML by hand. It'd sure be nice to have an automated tool to break them down into sections for easier reading. It'd be even nicer to have a URL scheme that could point to individual lines or characters in an RFC, so I could link to something like "lines 134-137" in an RFC, so that when a user clicked on the link, they'd be taken to the relevent part of the document, highlighted. But this seems to require linking to the RFCs somewhere other than the IETF site, and Wikipedia seems to be commited (at least at the moment) to using the IETF site for links (understandably), so I guess I'll just punt on print-printed RFCs for a while.

In short, I plan to be doing a bunch of work in the Internet sections of Wikipedia, and hope to have some nice videos to show for it. If you're working in the same area, drop me a line — I'm not trying to go stepping on your toes.

9 Oct 2005 baccala@freesoft.org

Hi, Welcome to Wikipedia! The welcoming comittee shoudl arrive shortly and give you a more formal welcome. In the meanwhile, one little request: I notice that you made extensive edits to Category:Elementary algebra. Could I ask you to instead merge your edits with the article Elementary algebra? The category is kind of the wrong place for a detailed exposition. The right place is an article. The category should have at most a paragraph introducing the subject, and little more. Thanks! linas 22:56, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Baccala@freesoft.org


text:
Wikipedia talk:How to write a great stub

As I was clicking through the how to write a great article section, I had a sudden urge, and upon looking for how to write a great stub, I found it didn't exist.

And thus begins the life of brian.


text:
Montgomery Gentry

Montgomery Gentry is an American country music duo founded by singers Eddie Montgomery and Troy Gentry, both Kentucky natives. They began performing together in the 1990s as part of two different bands with Montgomery's brother, John Michael Montgomery. Although Gentry won a talent contest in 1994, he reunited with Eddie Montgomery after Gentry was unable to find a solo record deal, and Montgomery Gentry was formed in 1999. The duo is known for its Southern rock influences, and has collaborated with Charlie Daniels, Toby Keith, Five for Fighting, and members of The Allman Brothers Band.

Montgomery Gentry released six studio albums for Columbia Records' Nashville division: Tattoos & Scars (1999), Carrying On (2001), My Town (2002), You Do Your Thing (2004), Some People Change (2006), and Back When I Knew It All (2008), and a Greatest Hits package. These albums produced more than twenty chart singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, including the No. 1 hits, "If You Ever Stop Loving Me", "Something to Be Proud Of", "Lucky Man", "Back When I Knew It All", and "Roll with Me". Ten more of their songs reached the Top 10 on the country chart, including the No. 3 hit, "Gone", the most played country song by a duo in 2005. Tattoos & Scars, My Town, and You Do Your Thing are all certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 1999, they were awarded Favorite New Artist—Country at the American Music Awards. Both the Academy of Country Music and Country Music Association named them Duo of the Year in 2000, awards for which they were nominated by one or both associations in every year until 2012. In 2009, they were inducted into the Grand Ole Opry.

On September 8, 2017, Gentry died in a helicopter crash in Medford, New Jersey, where the duo was scheduled to perform that evening. The helicopter pilot died at the scene and Gentry died as he was being rushed to the hospital. Despite Gentry's death, Montgomery continues to tour under the Montgomery Gentry name and has pursued a solo career.

History
Gerald Edward Montgomery was born September 30, 1963, in Danville, Kentucky. Troy Lee Gentry (April 5, 1967 – September 8, 2017) was born in Lexington, Kentucky. When Montgomery was 13 years old, he played drums in his parents' band, Harold Montgomery and the Kentucky River Express. In 1990, Montgomery founded the band Early Tymz, which included his younger brother, John Michael Montgomery, and Troy Gentry.

After Early Tymz disbanded, the Montgomery brothers and Gentry briefly performed as Young Country, with John Michael as lead vocalist. John Michael left for a solo career in the early 1990s. Gentry went solo and won the Jim Beam National Talent Contest in 1994, which led to him opening for Patty Loveless and Tracy Byrd. Gentry initially wanted to pursue a solo career, but after he was unable to find a record deal, he reunited with Eddie Montgomery to form a duo called Deuce, which played at local nightclubs. The duo later changed its name to Montgomery Gentry, and signed with Columbia Records' Nashville division in 1999.

1999–2000: Tattoos & Scars
Montgomery Gentry released its debut single, "Hillbilly Shoes", in early 1999. It entered the Billboard country singles charts two weeks before its scheduled release date, peaking at number 13 on the country charts and 62 on the Billboard Hot 100. High radio demand for the single led to the label advancing the release date of the duo's debut album, Tattoos & Scars, from early May to April 6.

"Lonely and Gone" was the album's second single, peaking at number 5 on the country charts by year's end. The song was co-written by Dave Gibson and former Pirates of the Mississippi lead singer Bill McCorvey. Following it was the top 20 "Daddy Won't Sell the Farm", which won its co-writer, Canadian country singer Steve Fox, the 2000 Society of Composers, Authors, and Music Publishers of Canada (SOCAN) award for Song of the Year. After it, Montgomery Gentry charted the number 31 singles "Self Made Man" and "All Night Long". The latter, which featured guest vocals from Charlie Daniels, was previously the b-side to "Hillbilly Shoes". It was also Daniels' first appearance in the top 40 since "Mister DJ" in 1990. The duo won the Vocal Duo of the Year award at the Country Music Association Awards in late 2000, the first time in eight years that Brooks & Dunn did not win this award. They also won the Top New Vocal Duo or Group award from the Academy of Country Music and the 2000 Favorite New Artist—Country award at the American Music Awards. By the end of 2000, Montgomery Gentry charted at number 38 with a cover of Robert Earl Keen's "Merry Christmas from the Family", itself the b-side to "All Night Long". Tattoos & Scars was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 2001, for shipments of one million copies.

The album received generally positive reviews for the duo's Southern rock influences. Thom Jurek of Allmusic gave it four stars out of five, calling it "one of the best pop records of the year. Period." and Alanna Nash of Entertainment Weekly rated it "B", saying that the album was "testosterone-laden". In comparison, Country Standard Time reviewer Jeffrey B. Remz thought that many of the duo's songs lacked distinctiveness, saying that they seemed to be derivative of Daniels and Travis Tritt.

2001–2002: Carrying On
Montgomery Gentry's second album, Carrying On, was released in mid-2001. Lead-off single "She Couldn't Change Me" peaked at number 2 on the country charts and number 37 on the Hot 100, making their first Top 40 entry there. The album's only other single, "Cold One Comin' On", reached number 23 on the country charts. Also included on the album was a cover of Waylon Jennings' "I'm a Ramblin' Man". In March 2002, they charted at number 45 with the track "Didn't I", a cut from the soundtrack to the film We Were Soldiers which was never officially released as a single. The duo promoted the album both on a headline tour sponsored by Jim Beam, and on the Brooks & Dunn Neon Circus & Wild West Tour, which included Toby Keith and Keith Urban. Later in 2002, they toured with Kenny Chesney on his No Shoes, No Shirt, No Problems tour.

Mike Kraski, then the senior vice president of sales and marketing at Sony Music Nashville, thought that Carrying On showed an artistic growth over Tattoos & Scars, and the duo itself thought that Carrying On was more "edgy" in comparison. It was less favorably received than its predecessor; William Ruhlmann thought that many of the songs "sound like they're trying to [sic] hard to be macho", and Country Standard Time's Mike Clark thought that the duo was "playing it safe", although he described the singles favorably. The album was certified gold for shipments of 500,000 copies.

2002–2004: My Town
On August 27, 2002, Montgomery Gentry released My Town. After working with producer Joe Scaife on their first two albums, they switched to Blake Chancey. He allowed them to pick different session musicians than typically used on mainstream country albums, such as Chuck Leavell and Johnny Neel of The Allman Brothers Band, whose "Good Clean Fun" was covered on it. They also chose songs co-written by songwriters who had not appeared on their previous albums, including Jeffrey Steele and Rivers Rutherford. The album produced three singles, all co-written by Steele: the title track and "Speed" both at number 5, and "Hell Yeah" at number 4. Along with Blake Shelton and Andy Griggs, they contributed a guest appearance on Tracy Byrd's mid-2003 single "The Truth About Men", which made the country top 20. In March 2004, My Town became the duo's second platinum-certified album.

Ruhlmann gave the album a generally positive review, saying that it "rocks harder as it goes along". On the same site, Rick Cohoon praised "My Town" for "painting in words and music both the pace of living in a small town", and "Speed" for being "slower and more deliberate than the recklessness the title suggests". On Country Standard Time, Tom Netherland called it "their third and finest release".

2004–2006: You Do Your Thing and Something To Be Proud Of: The Best Of 1999–2005
You Do Your Thing, their fourth album, was issued in mid-2004. It was led off by "If You Ever Stop Loving Me", which in mid-2004 became Montgomery Gentry's first number 1 single on the country charts. It was also their biggest hit on the Hot 100, reaching number 30 there. Following it, the album's title track went to number 22 on the country charts, while "Gone" peaked at number 3 and "Something to Be Proud Of" became their second number 1 single. The song spent two weeks at number 1, thus making it the first single for Columbia Records' Nashville division to spend more than one week at number 1 since "Daddy's Money" by Ricochet in 1996. "Gone" was also the most-played single by a country music duo in 2005, and it received a digital gold certification for 500,000 certified music downloads. You Do Your Thing became their third platinum-selling album. Scaife, Chancey, Rutherford, Steele, and Mark Wright split production duties on the album. Steele also co-wrote "Gone" and "Something to Be Proud Of" with Bob DiPiero and Chris Wallin, respectively, while Rutherford and DiPiero co-wrote "If You Ever Stop Loving Me" with Tom Shapiro. In October 2005, You Do Your Thing became the duo's third platinum album. Rick Bell gave the album a favorable review on Country Standard Time, saying that the duo "unleash [Southern rock] in a torrent of brash lyrics, wailing guitars, and pounding percussion". Jurek wrote that it "is easily the finest outing by modern country's most relevant duo; it rocks, it's soulful, and it's memorable". Montgomery Gentry toured in late 2004 – early 2005 with Trace Adkins in support of the album.

"Something to Be Proud Of" also served as the title track to Montgomery Gentry's first greatest hits album, Something to Be Proud Of: The Best of 1999–2005. Also included on this disc were "Didn't I", "Merry Christmas from the Family" and the new song "She Don't Tell Me To" (also co-written by Rutherford, Shapiro, and DiPiero), which peaked at number 5 on the country charts in early 2006. Something to Be Proud Of was certified gold.

2006–2007: Some People Change
Some People Change was the title of Montgomery Gentry's fifth album, which was released in 2006 under the production of Rutherford and Wright. Its title track, co-written by Neil Thrasher, Jason Sellers, and Michael Dulaney, was previously recorded by Kenny Chesney on his 2004 album When the Sun Goes Down. Gentry told the Edmonton Sun that Some People Change "is based more on family issues, the love of the family, the love of neighbors, relationships", and said that the title track "is about being able to challenge your inner demons and the things that can bring people down, alcoholism, or hatred or racism." Montgomery Gentry's version of the song peaked at number 7, followed by the two-week number 1 hit "Lucky Man" and the number 3 "What Do Ya Think About That". In 2008, "Lucky Man" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, the duo's first Grammy nomination.

Some People Change was Montgomery Gentry's lowest-selling album at the time. Joe Galante, then-president of Sony Music Nashville, thought that the album's poor sales were because it "strayed musically from what the base had been. They have an edge to their sound, and I think we got a little too soft." Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times gave a mixed review, saying that it was more "touchy-feely" than You Do Your Thing, and that "no one works a snarling country chorus like Montgomery Gentry". Chris Willman of Entertainment Weekly gave the album a "C", criticizing the duo for the contradictory viewpoints of personal changes on the title track versus the "defense of the American right to piss off your neighbors" in "What Do Ya Think About That". Jurek comparatively called it a "masterpiece" and said that it was "a new pinnacle for the duo", calling the title track "one of those tunes that defines something that lies at the heart of what is good about Americans."

2008–2009: Back When I Knew It All
In 2008, the duo went to the Ardent studios in Memphis, Tennessee, to record their sixth album, Back When I Knew It All. Once again, they worked with Blake Chancey as producer. This album's title track, co-written by Trent Willmon, was the duo's fastest-climbing single. Both it and followup "Roll with Me", which included a backing vocal from Five for Fighting, went to number 1. "One in Every Crowd", co-written by Montgomery with Kim Tribble and former Trick Pony bassist Ira Dean, was issued in January 2009 as the third single. By the middle of the year, this song peaked at number 5. The fourth single, the number 23 "Long Line of Losers", was co-written and previously recorded by Kevin Fowler. Toby Keith, with whom Montgomery Gentry toured in mid-2008, contributed a guest vocal on the Terri Clark co-write "I Pick My Parties", and Lillie Mae Rische of Jypsi made an appearance on "God Knows Who I Am". Thom Jurek wrote of this album, "The hardcore fans will love it, but this isn't the album that will win over many new ones."

On May 26, 2009, Montgomery Gentry was formally invited by Charlie Daniels to become members of the Grand Ole Opry. Marty Stuart and Little Jimmy Dickens inducted them on June 23. Also in May 2009, Cracker Barrel restaurants released an exclusive compilation titled For Our Heroes, which included some of their hits along with "Didn't I" and three other songs which had previously been released only as bonus tracks. The restaurant chain donated a portion of all profits from the album to the Wounded Warrior Project.

2009–2011: Freedom and Hits And More: Life Beside A Gravel Road
On November 30, 2009, Montgomery Gentry released the single "Oughta Be More Songs About That". It was to have been included on an album titled Freedom, which was to have included a song that the two wrote with Gary Hannan and Phil O'Donnell titled "Freedom Never Goes Out of Style". The label scrapped Freedom and instead chose to release an extended play titled Hits and More: Life Beside a Gravel Road, which would have included past hits and three new songs. Its first single, "While You're Still Young", peaked at number 32 in mid-2010. On September 17, 2010, a day before the extended play's slated release, Montgomery Gentry exited the label, and Hits and More was shelved. Both members told Country Weekly that they decided to leave Columbia because "there were so many people trying to encourage us to do something a little different musically. Some of it worked and some of it didn't."

2011–2012: Rebels On The Run and Friends and Family
Montgomery Gentry signed to Average Joes Entertainment, a label co-owned by country rap artist Colt Ford, in March 2011. Their first release for the label, "Where I Come From", appears on their seventh album Rebels on the Run, released on October 18. The album was produced by Michael Knox, who also produces for Jason Aldean. Jurek thought that the album was "the most consistent offering" since Some People Change "even if it doesn't quite scale those heights", and Country Weekly reviewer Jessica Nicholson called it "classic Montgomery Gentry". In early 2012, "Where I Come From" peaked at number 8 on the country charts. It was followed by "So Called Life", which failed to make Top 40.

On October 23, 2012, the duo released a digital-only EP titled Friends and Family. The EP contains four tracks, including "I'll Keep the Kids", which was released as a single.

2013–2015: Folks Like Us
The duo spent the better part of 2012 and 2013 touring. They signed to Blaster Records in February 2014 and announced that a new album, to be produced by Michael Knox, would be released within the year. However, the album's lead single, titled "Headlights", did not perform as expected on the charts, peaking at number 44 on Country Airplay. As a result, the album's release was delayed. The album's second single "Folks Like Us", was released to country radio in March 2015. Folks Like Us was released on June 9, 2015.

2016–present: Gentry's death, Here's to You, 20 Years of Hits, Outskirts and Montgomery's first solo studio album
In November 2016, the duo left Blaster Records and re-signed with Average Joes Entertainment. They began working on a new album, then slated for a 2017 release. Following Gentry's death on September 8, 2017, the label announced that the duo had completed their new album prior to the fatal helicopter crash. "Better Me", the lead single, was released on September 15, 2017. In November 2017, the album's title Here's to You was announced, as was its release date of February 2, 2018. Montgomery has confirmed that he will continue the Montgomery Gentry name as a solo act due to Gentry's death and he plans to tour in 2018 in support of the new album. On November 16, Average Joes issued the new compilation 20 Years of Hits, which includes new re-recordings of the duo's biggest hits that were completed before Gentry's death. This was followed in 2019 by the studio album Outskirts, a seven-song compilation recorded a week prior to Gentry's death. Produced by Noah Gordon and Shannon Houchins, the album includes a cover of Merle Haggard's 1983 hit "What Am I Gonna Do (With the Rest of My Life)" and Darrell Scott's "You'll Never Leave Harlan Alive". Later in the year, the label released a deluxe version with additional songs. At the time of the album's release, Montgomery said that he planned to continue touring under the Montgomery Gentry name even after Gentry's death, and that he wanted to honor Gentry by releasing songs that they had worked on prior.

On October 29, 2021, Montgomery released his first studio album as a solo artist titled Ain't No Closing Me Down via Average Joes Entertainment label. The album features two singles "Alive And Well" and "My Son". While maintaining his solo career, Montgomery has also continued to tour with the backing band under the Montgomery Gentry name.

Musical styles
Montgomery Gentry's sound was defined by Southern rock influences. Steve Huey of Allmusic wrote that the duo "evokes the sound and spirit of Southern rockers like Lynyrd Skynyrd, the Marshall Tucker Band, and Charlie Daniels, painting themselves as rowdy redneck rebels who still hold small-town values." They cite Daniels, Lynyrd Skynyrd and Hank Williams, Jr. as primary musical influences. Montgomery and Gentry alternated as lead vocalists, with Gentry often accompanying on acoustic guitar. Jurek wrote that "Montgomery's rough hewn baritone and Gentry's almost unreal range and trademark phrasing make something highly original". In his book Country, Richard Carlin describes Montgomery Gentry as "rock[ing] harder than Brooks & Dunn, although their music could be seen as an extension of that successful pair's boot-scootin' sound." He also wrote that Gentry sings with a "sweet, high tenor" while Montgomery "complements with an earthy, sometimes raspy, baritone", and notes that the duo has an "energetic stage show and dress".

Many of the duo's mid-tempo songs, such as "My Town", centralized on a theme of rural lifestyles. Others, such as "You Do Your Thing" and "Some People Change", contained messages of tolerance towards others with differing opinions.

Eddie Montgomery
Gerald Edward "Eddie" Montgomery was born in Danville, Kentucky, on September 30, 1963, to parents Carol Dean (née Lay) and Harold Edward Montgomery (1941–1994).

In November 2010, Eddie Montgomery told Great American Country that he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer. The cancer was successfully removed a month later. The same month, his wife, Tracy Nunan Montgomery, announced their divorce, serving him papers at Eddie Montgomery's Steakhouse, a restaurant he owned in Harrodsburg, Kentucky. The restaurant closed abruptly in Spring 2013. The couple had four children and had been married for over 20 years. Montgomery posted to Twitter and Facebook that she divorced him because she did not want to "cope with his illness," but she subsequently denied it. Montgomery subsequently married his longtime girlfriend, Jennifer Belcher, in 2014. On September 27, 2015, Montgomery wrote that his and ex-wife Tracy Nunan's 19-year-old son, Hunter, had been killed in an accident. Nunan subsequently clarified that Hunter died of an overdose, which she believed was accidental.

Troy Gentry
Troy Gentry was born on April 5, 1967, in Lexington, Kentucky, to Patricia and Lloyd Gentry. He had a brother, Keith Gentry, and a sister, Jana Gentry Eckhardt. He graduated from Lexington Community College and attended the University of Kentucky. Gentry married Angie McClure in 1999. They had a child, Kaylee, who was born in November 2002. He also had a child, Taylor, from a previous marriage.

In 2004, Gentry purchased a black bear named "Cubby" from a facility called the Minnesota Wildlife Connection and subsequently shot the bear from inside an electrified enclosure, a practice commonly known as canned hunting. On November 27, 2006, Gentry pleaded guilty to a charge of falsely tagging a bear that was killed in a fenced enclosure as if it had been killed in the wild. Under the plea agreement, he agreed to pay a $15,000 fine; give up hunting, fishing, and trapping in Minnesota for five years; and forfeit Cubby's taxidermied remains and the bow he used to shoot Cubby. In a statement that he posted on the duo's website on November 9, 2010, he apologized for his actions as well as the unethical manner in which he killed Cubby.

On September 8, 2017, Gentry died in a helicopter crash while taking a helicopter tour of Medford, New Jersey, where he and Montgomery were set to perform that evening. Through social media, the band released the following statement: "It is with great sadness that we confirm that Troy Gentry, half of the popular country duo, Montgomery Gentry, was tragically killed in a helicopter crash which took place at approximately 1:00 p.m. today in Medford, New Jersey." On September 14, 2017, a public memorial service for Gentry was held at the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville. On November 5, 2018, the final National Transportation Safety Board report was issued, with the accident being primarily attributed to the pilot's "failure to maintain rotor rpm... which resulted in an uncontrolled descent."

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Tattoos & Scars (1999)
 * Carrying On (2001)
 * My Town (2002)
 * You Do Your Thing (2004)
 * Some People Change (2006)
 * Back When I Knew It All (2008)
 * Rebels on the Run (2011)
 * Folks Like Us (2015)
 * Here's to You (2018)
 * 20 Years of Hits (2018)
 * Outskirts (2019)

 * Eddie Montgomery
 * Ain't No Closing Me Down (2021)

title: Montgomery Gentry


title: User:Zeipher17


text:
John Sears (political strategist)

John Patrick Sears (July 3, 1940 – March 26, 2020) was an American attorney, and a Republican political strategist. He served as Deputy Counsel to President Richard M. Nixon from 1969–70, and assisted both Nixon and Ronald Reagan in their presidential campaigns.

Early life and education
Sears was born in July 1940 near Syracuse, New York, the son of James L. Sears and Helen M. Fitzgerald. Sears attended Christian Brothers Academy in suburban Syracuse, a private Catholic preparatory academy. He earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Notre Dame (B.S.,1960), and completed law school at Georgetown University (L.L.B., J.D., 1963); both universities are among the most prominent Catholic colleges in the United States.

Public sector
Sears worked as a law clerk for the New York State Court of Appeals from 1963-65.

Private sector
He then became a member of the New York City law firm of Nixon, Mudge, Rose, Alexander, Guthrie & Mitchell for two years. He met Richard M. Nixon as a colleague at this firm; at the time Nixon was a former congressman, senator, and vice-president, and unsuccessful presidential and gubernatorial candidate, working as a lawyer in private practice.

Political adviser, assists with 1968 nomination
He then joined Nixon's political staff, as Nixon was preparing a bid for the 1968 Republican presidential nomination. Sears played a pivotal role at the 1968 Republican National Convention, in securing Nixon's nomination for the presidency. He was only 28 at the time and was subsequently shut out of the Nixon campaign operation by John Mitchell (a partner from his law firm), who considered him overly ambitious. Mitchell, who became U.S. Attorney General during the first Nixon term, was subsequently caught up as a central figure in the Watergate scandal, from 1972 to 1974.

Deputy Counsel to President Nixon
Sears served as Deputy Counsel to the President from 1969-70.

Returns to private sector
Sears then left the White House, to join the law firm of Gadsby & Hannah, in Washington, DC, where he worked from 1970-76. He has been a partner in the Washington law firm of Baskin and Sears since 1977.

Political adviser: manages Reagan's nomination bids
Sears managed Ronald Reagan's 1976 presidential bid, when Reagan ran in the Republican primaries against incumbent President Gerald Ford, and almost won the nomination.

He again managed Reagan's presidential bid in 1980 but was fired and replaced by William Casey on the day Reagan won the New Hampshire primary. Sears had run the national operation out of Washington and was a rival of Edwin Meese, Michael Deaver, and Lyn Nofziger in California. They did not trust Sears and believed he was trying to consolidate power at the expense of many longtime Reagan friends and backers.

Reagan told journalist and presidential scholar Theodore White that "There was a feeling that I was just kind of a spokesman for John Sears." Sears had been attempting to consolidate power in the Reagan campaign in 1980. He overstepped his bounds, leading to his firing. William Casey was hired to take his place. Casey (later appointed to head the Central Intelligence Agency by President Reagan) demanded administrative control of the campaign, but had no desire to control policy and by extension the personnel choices of the Reagan campaign; this was something John Sears was boldly attempting to control.

Sears told author Craig Shirley in 2006 that after being fired from the 1980 Reagan campaign, he never spoke with either Ronald or Nancy Reagan again.

Lobbyist for South African apartheid regime
In the 1980s, Sears was "the highest paid" American lobbyist for South Africa's apartheid regime, "commanding an annual fee of $500,000."

Incorrectly identified as Deep Throat
In 2000 Leonard Garment incorrectly identified Sears as Deep Throat in his book In Search of Deep Throat. Sears then requested that Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein (who unmasked Watergate with the help of Deep Throat) publicly deny it was him, and Bernstein complied. (Later it was revealed by Woodward that W. Mark Felt, former Deputy FBI Director was "Deep Throat".)

Sears served as a political analyst for NBC Today, the popular television broadcast, from 1984-85. He resided in McLean, Virginia. Sears died in Miami on March 26, 2020, from a heart attack.

title: John Sears (political strategist)


text: Category:Operas by Gaetano Donizetti

title: Category:Operas by Gaetano Donizetti


text:
Talk:Blancmange

Blancmange function
Blancmange is also the name of a specific mathematical function.

The Blancmange function, also called the Takagi fractal curve, is a pathological continuous function which is nowhere differentiable. The iterations towards the continuous function are batrachions resembling the Hofstadter-Conway 10,000-Dollar Sequence.

See: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/BlancmangeFunction.html

Kees Brantjes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.41.168.18 (talk) 22:59, 1 June 2005 (UTC)

 * the disambiguation page deals with this. -- Akb4 02:29, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

Updates (Monty Python title and others)
I did the following:
 * - Changed the title of the Monty Python section to the Wikpedia standard "xxx in popular culture". This properly refocuses the article to what the title "Blancmange" says.
 * - Added a reference to the "Manjar Blanco" article. In Spain this is Blancmange but in Latin America it is something different.
 * - Added categories for various European cuisines.

--Mcorazao 19:19, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

"properly refocuses the..." nah, too linear and boring, not to mention overcat of a single popcult case. Legendary TV stars, and their fans, deserve a headline. Milo 06:24, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

 * ? Well, reverting a change without discussion actually violates Wikipedia policy. In any event how "boring" this is is not really the point. Wikipedia is not a fan site and this article is not about Monty Python (or if that was the intent then it was mistitled). I'll simply cite the section for inappropriate tone and request that you or somebody else reconsider how this is written. --Mcorazao 04:58, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * "reverting a change without discussion actually violates Wikipedia policy." Incorrect in a non-controversial context. Single reverts are routine. It's double and triple reverts that are to be avoided by taking disputes to the talk page. • If you want respect as a newbie encyclopedia editor you need to do prior research to avoid making baldly incorrect statements, or at least phrase your concern as a question. • To the point, a recurring Monty Python theme was lampooning the kind of petty ruleslawyering that you have invoked. Arts and entertainment pages (page section in this case) have looser Wikiguides than for other articles — more slack. My advice to you is to avoid editing them. Your strict style is better suited to history and science. I can also edit strictly — it's a matter of switching context. Milo 23:00, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I guess I struck a nerve. It seems to me you're stretching the intent of the guidelines but it's not worth arguing over for such a trivial subject. --Mcorazao 03:04, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

User:Akb4's comment refactored to new section "Move "Blancmanges in Monty Python's TV Humor"?"

Back to editing, 207.228.157.18 added a second popular culture reference (by author Louisa May Alcott), so I've restored the "Blancmanges in popular culture" subhead. Then I outline demoted the "Blancmanges in Monty Python's TV Humor" to a sub-subhead under popular culture, which still meets my concern that Monty Python have a headline visible in the contents box. Milo 05:24, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Move "Blancmanges in Monty Python's TV Humor"?
My feeling is that an article dealing with a popular food that has crossed continents and been modified over at least 600 years should probably not have half its content devoted to a money python episode. even though that episode totally rocks. Since at this point I think there's an article for every episode of south park, there should certainly be an article for every monty python episode, and this article should just have a one or two sentence bit pointing to that. -- Akb4 02:29, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, for different reasons, I too am ready to move it. It will be damaged beyond recognition if it's left here. • By sorting it reasonably belongs here; every paragraph of the Monthy Python portion of the article mentions blancmanges. Also, here was the first place to which I and other readers have navigated when we read that strange word on the TV screen. • The real problem is that Monthy Python intends to irritate people, and at least two food editors have, in my opinion, attacked the section because they don't like being irritated when they are are reading about food, or are irritated by the intentional disorder of that art. (They will probably deny that, so it will just have remain my art juror opinion.) • However, a move to an episode article doesn't work well because this half episode is one of the very few linear stories in any Monty Python episode. If one puts it in an episode guide it would get lost under unrelated nonlinear material in the first part of the episode. • I think it should be moved to it's own article "Blancmange (Monty Python TV)", and a disambig pointer should be placed as usual at the top saying "For the TV episode, see Blancmange (Monty Python TV)". Milo 07:15, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, I moved it to Blancmange (Monty Python TV), refitted a brief description into the section "Blancmanges in popular culture", moved the main page to Blancmange (food), and added the new titles to Blancmange (disambiguation), but the line at the top seems more appropriate as "This is the main topic. For other uses, see Blancmange (disambiguation)."
 * Blancmange is currently an auto-redirect page to Blancmange (food). Blancmange ought to redirect to Blancmange (disambiguation), but that means changing links on many pages to Blancmange (food). Maybe someone else will do that, or not. A low-Python happy new year to the blancmange food editors. Milo 04:08, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

The whitedish
I just created the article whitedish, about the origins of the blancmange and manjar blanco. I've read a lot about the whitedish in works on medieval cuisine, but I have yet to come across some of the information contained in this article. I tried to verify some of historical information, like the mehallabiyyah, but couldn't find it in the sources assigned. Do we have any confirmation on this connection?

Also, I think it would be more accurate to consider the blancmange, the manjar blanco and the medeival-early modern whitedish as separate dishes. Do keep in mind that sugar was used in the early versions with chicken (or fish), and was not something that appeared when it turned into a dessert pudding. Mixing the sweet and savory in the same dishes was extremely common up until sometime in the late 17th century.

Peter Isotalo 23:40, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * My opinion:
 * "Whitedish" is not a commonly used term (you won't find it in most (any?) dictionaries whereas you will find "blancmange". Perhaps Whitedish should be considered a case of "jargon" used by historians that differs from standard terminology?
 * I find the medieval dish more commonly referred to as blancmange.
 * If there are going to be two articles for the medieval and modern European dishes I would recommend "Blancmange" and "Blancmange (medieval)" to stick with more common usage (obviously "whitedish" would hash to the medieval article).
 * I question whether two articles are needed. Granted the medieval dish is different from the modern dish but ultimately I don't think there is enough content to justify more than one article.
 * Regarding the Manjar blanco article, in principle this could be merged. The article was originally about the Peruvian desert only and gradually expanded to include the Spanish desert and others with this name (all apparently are historically related). This was kept as a separate article because, although there is not a ton of content, the Latin American side of it was deemed culturally distinct enough to warrant a separate article. This is perhaps a flimsy excuse and I would not be opposed to trying to merge this into the Blancmange article provided that the differences are clearly described. Note, though, that this is awkward since although the Spanish expression for the European dish is "Manjar Blanco", nobody refers to the Latin American dishes as "Blancmange" in English.
 * I've added a merger proposal for blancmange and whitedish since, IMHO, they are close enough to the same subject matter as not to warrant two articles. Feel free to disagree and remove the proposal if there is a general consensus to do so.
 * Regarding the Arab connection I couldn't say. I did not write that content. I had seen other articles that mentioned this connection although they were not authoritative. Turkish Tavuk Gogsu and medieval Blancmange are very similar dishes which it would be hard to believe are not somehow related and the similarity of modern mehallabiyyah (other than the missing capon) makes it a plausible vehicle for transmission. But without documentation that is all speculation. Whoever wrote the original text needs to supply that info.
 * --Mcorazao 15:11, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with the merge proposal as long as the difference is maintained between the medieval dish and the modern dish. Although I have not done any real research into the dish, they seem to be similar enough to warrant being part of the same article with a re-direct from white dish to Blancmange.Christopher Tanner, CCC 15:19, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

 * "Blancmange" is not used as a term for the original white dish in any literature on medieval cuisine that I've read. The authors aren't entirely consistent, but I've only really seen "blanc mangier" or "whitedish/white dish". Whenever they refer to the modern jelly-ish dessert, they call it by it's current name. If there are to be two articles, having a "blancmange (medieval)" would be like moving sop to "soup (medieval)".
 * The reason why I think whitedish is an appropriate term is because it feels somewhat arbitrary to call it, say, "blanc mangier", since the term varied from one language to another. While it might be tempting to say that the Old or Middle English term is the given choice, I can't help feeling that it would be a tad anachronistic.
 * I'll remain neutral to the merge, but whatever is done, I recommend that it be done fairly quickly, as I've never liked the idea of having merger templates hanging around for long. There's no problem in splitting the articles if consensus changes.
 * Peter Isotalo 17:57, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Perhaps you've done more reading on this than I have. The articles I've seen, though, never mention the term "white dish". If you say that "whitedish" is really a widely used term then I'll accept your expertise.
 * I'll state one philosophical bias on my part. I see various cases in articles where nomenclature is chosen that deliberately distinguishes separate but related things. Although that can be beneficial it often adds as much confusion as it saves (consider refering to the modern U.S. as "the United States" and the early U.S. as "the Nation of Renegade Colonies"; although the modern U.S. is substantially different from the early nation, such a nomenclature is more confusing than helpful).
 * Anyway, any other opinions on this out there?
 * --Mcorazao 18:36, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't want to give the impression that I know for certain that "whitedish/white dish" is the most common term (technically, "blanc mangier" would probably score higher), but I chose it because it felt like a better compromise.
 * Peter Isotalo 06:11, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, I've taken a stab at a merge. Feel free to modify at will ...
 * --Mcorazao 06:40, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Why did you remove almost all wikilinkage and replace the reference to Regional Cuisines with a fact tag?
 * Peter Isotalo 07:25, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry about that. How does it look now?
 * --Mcorazao 15:18, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Etymology
Just curious if anybody has more info on this. The dictionaries and articles I have seen all say the English term originated in French (and, of course, they give the origins of the separate words "blanc" and "mangier" which is not really relevant). I'm curious, though, if the term truly originates with French. Supposedly the dish came to Western Europe through Spain and Sicily and, presumably, before the dish got to France they must have called it something. In Spanish "blanco", of course, is a word in modern Spanish and "manjar", although currently mostly just used in the expression "manjar blanco" today, was probably a more widely used word in the past. I don't know Italian/Silician so I can't speak to that influence. But the point is the it seems entirely likely that the term came from one of these languages to French and not the other way around. It may in turn have been a translation of some Arabic term if anybody has info on that.

This doesn't actually matter much but my curiosity is piqued. --Mcorazao 03:52, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

 * There's no indication as to which region came up with the idea first, but the first attestation is as far as I know in French. I've read more on the issue of Arab origins, and it seems as if there is no evidence that this dish actually existed in Arab cooking around the Middle Ages. Rice and almonds are Arab influences fer sure, but that doesn't mean the dish as a whole is. I'll add more detailed info on this later.
 * Peter Isotalo 22:54, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Popular Culture
Just a note to say that I think I agree with the person who deleted the 'popular culture' section from this article. Avoid_trivia_sections_in_articles says that trivia sections are a bad idea; in this case I think all the information in it is 'tangential or irrelevant' to the article. So it's not just anonymous vandalism. pm215 09:09, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed. This article doesn't need an unencyclopedic laundry list.  Keeping it just to explain how Americans might have heard of blancmange is Americocentrism. Percy Snoodle 09:13, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

I agree with both comments. I'd like to ask, what is so signficant about the fact that most Americans have not heard of it? One could argue the same thing about probably the majority of the articles in Wikipedia. An article does not have to argue why some particular group should care. --Mcorazao 22:36, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Trivia guidelines aside, it seems as if the stance taken against just about any fictional references is a tad unforgiving. I don't want bulleted lists of appearances in random fiction, but I would be very interested in seeing a summary of any trends about how blancmanges are portrayed. Considering how obscure the medieval origins are to most people, it doesn't seem all that constructive to throw just about everything that has to do with pop culture out of the article.
 * Peter Isotalo 22:58, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

 * If there's scholarly work on portrayal of blancmanges in fiction, it would be entirely appropriate to summarize it here and link to that work as a reference. If not, then a section about that would be original research, which isn't allowed. Percy Snoodle 14:12, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I can't believe I'm saying this, but cut pop culture some slack here. Everything that isn't attributable to a small minority of scholars is not mere original research. As long as there's no wild speculation we shouldn't just be deleting stuff just because we don't like it. And, again, I'm saying this as someone who actually has actually read a lot on the history of the blancmange. I'd say that the medieval and early modern history of the blancmange is about as important as perception of the dish in the 20th century.
 * Peter Isotalo 14:37, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

I do agree that pop culture does not have to be ruled out. But all discussions, pop culture or not, should be meaningful. A lot of times these "topic in Popular Culture" sections are just random lists thrown in "just for the fun of it." And the justification given here of trying to show Americans why they should care is equally pointless. However if there is a real discussion of how something has influenced popular culture in some significant (not necessarily earth-shattering) way then that is appropriate. The text that was put in there, though, did not qualify. It was just arbitrary trivia.

--Mcorazao 19:26, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Since most Americans came to know the word blancmange from the Monty Python skit. I think it would be good to mention it. Although not the entire world, America is a major country in the world, so I think it is significant. For Americans who do know the word, the first thing they think of is the Python skit. --Westwind273 (talk) 05:19, 20 August 2015 (UTC)

 * If you can find a source that mentions the significance of the Monty Python skit for the notability of the dish, then please add it. Can't just assume that it's notable because of that, though.
 * Peter Isotalo 08:18, 20 August 2015 (UTC)

I see this section has returned. Some fractal and a bit of rock somewhere are 'popular culture'? Seriously? Ewx (talk) 08:55, 13 November 2015 (UTC)

Explain rewrites?
Peter, can you explain your rewrites? Although certainly the article was in need of some work, the way you have rewritten it seems to me less clear. You've moved a lot of text into the introduction which makes the whole introduction less readable, and removed a section. I would say that the intro should just stick to a quick discussion of what the desert is (i.e. from the perspective of somebody eating/looking at it) and leave other details to be discussed in the sesequent sections. The previously existing section discussing the modern desert -- I thought -- needed to be expanded going into a little more detail regarding the preparation and modern variations.

Can you elaborate as to your thinking?

Thanks.

--Mcorazao 16:13, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I've moved about two sentences into the lead and it is now about four sentences in total. One sentence of that is about the medieval origins of the dish. That's hardly excessive considering that my original contribution, whitedish, was merged with this article.
 * My general impression of the blancmange is that the wobbly white-gray-pink dessert version has had a much lesser impact on culinary history than the original "white dish". My interest in this topic comes from being interested in primarily medieval and to some extent early modern cuisine, and I've made my additions based on my research on the cuisine of these periods. I'm sure there's a need for more info on the modern form of the dish, but considering there wasn't much info on that to begin with (and even fewer sources), I don't feel that I have to limit my contributions. Why not fill in the gaps yourself...?
 * Peter Isotalo 17:38, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

French
The origins of the word are without question French, but is the word actually used in contemporary French? If not, the French pronunciation seems a bit superfluous.

Peter Isotalo 11:29, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Even if it is used in modern French, it's probably not a sensible thing to mention on the English-language wikipedia page. Percy Snoodle 11:55, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

History
Our history section says:
 * it is believed that it was a result of the Arab introduction of rice and almonds in early medieval Europe. However, there is no evidence of the existence of any similar Arab dishes from that period

However, the Arabs didn't introduce rice into Europe; it was known since ancient Greek times, and was very familiar to the ancient Romans. Also, while there may have been no similar Arabic dish, the Turkish dish tavuk göğsü is identical to the early, meat containing version. But -- the Turks believe they got this dish from the Romans! In short it sounds distinctly unlikely that it was introduced by the Arabs, and the vague "it is believed" should be supported by a cite or removed. I would also like to see a cite that blanc desirree is Anglo-Norman (i.e., archaic French) for "white Syrian dish". "Desirree" happens to be almost identical to the modern French for "desired", so it looks a lot more like "desirable white." -- Securiger (talk) 11:00, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Did you by any chance check out the source called Sorting Through the Titles of Medieval Dishes: What Is, or Is Not, a "Blanc Manger" by Hieatt?
 * Peter Isotalo 07:34, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

Other flavours
This article in the Telegraph mentions other flavours - chocolate, strawberry and raspberry too - so to say it is almond or vanilla is a bit inaccurate. See here too for a packet of it. The latter is priced in dollars, so I don't think this can be just a UK thing. Malick78 (talk) 14:04, 18 September 2008 (UTC) Lemon flaour.--86.29.249.180 (talk) 07:38, 6 January 2009 (UTC)

Infobox
I reverted the infobox because it really just duplicated the lead without much benefit. It also over-simplifies certain facts, like the origins and the supposed "variants".

Peter Isotalo 07:28, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

Malabi?
I've never heard of a blancmange referred to as "malabi", nor that it's part of Spanish or Sephardi cuisine. Is there confirmation of this?

Peter Isotalo 07:36, 9 March 2009 (UTC)
 * In Hebrew it's known as malabi. It's very common in Sephardi cuisine in Israel and other places. --PiMaster3 talk 20:44, 16 September 2009 (UTC)
 * So is it a synonym or a variant? Manjar blanco, for example, has the same origins and is etymologically identical, but has its own article.
 * Peter Isotalo 04:51, 17 September 2009 (UTC)
 * It looks like in the pictures shown and contains mostly the same ingredients, but it doesn't contain gelatin. --PiMaster3 talk 20:35, 17 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Should we consider an actual synonym, though? It doesn't seem that it would be relevant to count it as such in the context of English language usage except in some rather specific contexts. Tavuk göğsü is clearly very similar to the medieval form of the blancmange, but it's nevertheless considered a separate dish. Having information about malabi in this article seems to be have merit, though. Maybe it should be in the form of a Sephardic Jewish subsection of the history section. If you have sources, please don't hestitate to post them.
 * Peter Isotalo 13:08, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

Perhaps it is a contraction of Mahallebi? Sephardic Jews used to live in the Ottoman empire. --kupirijo (talk) 08:33, 8 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Perhaps, but I noticed that the article was attracting a list of various similar dishes claimed to be "variations", which isn't an accurate description. That dishes are similar doesn't mean they're related. Most of these are worth mentioning, but they should remain "similar dishes" unless someone has sources elaborating about how one affected the other. I removed the list of variations from the infobox altogether for now.
 * Peter Isotalo 08:41, 8 September 2014 (UTC)

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Brit. Eng. Versus Am. Eng.
set in a mold...alternative colours.

Does this article obey British/Commonwealth English or American English spelling rules? Or both?

Nuttyskin (talk) 08:43, 23 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blancmange


text:
User talk:Radishes

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Radishes


text:
Category:Salvador Dalí

__NOGALLERY__

Articles about Salvador Dalí and the artworks he created.

title: Category:Salvador Dalí


text:
First They Killed My Father

First They Killed My Father: A Daughter of Cambodia Remembers is a 2000 non-fiction book written by Loung Ung, a Cambodian-American author and childhood survivor of Democratic Kampuchea. It is her personal account of her experiences during the Khmer Rouge regime.

Overview
The book is a first-person account, as seen through the eyes of a child, of the rise of the Communist Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s, its enforced mass relocation of the urban population to the countryside to do manual labour (leading to massive levels of fatality), and the regime's eventual collapse.

The blurb for the book reads:

"Until the age of five, Loung Ung lived in Phnom Penh, one of seven children of a high-ranking government official. She was a precocious child who loved the open city markets, fried crickets, chicken fights and sassing her parents. While her beautiful mother worried that Loung was a troublemaker, her beloved father knew Loung was a clever girl.

"When Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge army captured Phnom Penh in April 1975, Ung's family fled their home and moved from village to village to hide their identity, their education, their former life of privilege.

"Eventually, the family dispersed in order to survive, but Ung’s parents were later killed by soldiers. Because Loung was resilient and determined, she walked to a work camp, where she was trained as a child soldier while her other siblings were sent to labor camps.

"As the Vietnamese liberated Cambodia by overthrowing the Khmer Rouge, the surviving siblings were slowly reunited.

"Bolstered by the shocking bravery of one brother, the vision of the others and sustained by her sister's gentle kindness amid brutality, Loung forged herself a new life."

The author later went on to live in the USA, and worked at the Campaign for a Landmine-Free World in Washington, D.C.

Nobody knows exactly—or even roughly—how many people were killed in the Cambodian genocide, whether by direct murders by the regime, or enforced overwork and starvation. For example, UCLA academic Patrick Heuveline wrote in 2015: "The range of estimates of excess deaths under Pol Pot's rule of Cambodia (1975–79) is too wide to be useful: they range from under 1 to over 3 million, with the more plausible estimates still varying from 1 to 2 million." If the estimate of 2 million is roughly correct, that would mean about one quarter of the country's entire population at the time was wiped out.

Reception
The book was harshly criticized by Sody Lay, co-founder of the Khmer Institute—a site that describes itself as "a web-based information resource on Cambodia and Cambodians"—for historical inaccuracies and cultural inauthenticity, accusing the author of back-filling details about her childhood in 1970s Cambodia using modern-day memories gleaned during a later visit to the country.

Reflecting on this negative review in an article for the Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States, Dr Bunkong Tuon acknowledged Lay's criticisms, while defending Ung's work. Instead of dismissing Ung's text outright, Tuon argued that scholars should read First They Killed My Father not to garner historical facts about the Khmer Rouge, but to experience its emotional truth and to consider its subjective, narrative gaps and fissures as a signifier of trauma and a testament to the destruction perpetrated by the Khmer Rouge. The article abstract reads: "Offering emotional truths as a complement to the historical truth toward which other Cambodian genocide narratives strive, Ung's text testifies to the brutality of the Khmer Rouge while laying bare the author's subjective experience of struggling to work and write her way through a traumatic past."

Richard Bernstein of the New York Times wrote in his review that the author was an "intelligent and morally aware" writer whose work gives the bare statistics of the genocide "far greater psychological force" with its "wrenchingly particular" first-hand account.

An unnamed review on the website Publishing Weekly called it "skillfully constructed", saying it "stands as an eyewitness history of the period, because as a child Ung was so aware of her surroundings, and because as an adult writer she adds details to clarify the family's moves and separations... this powerful account is a triumph".

Also, noted quotes include: “Pop always found a way to find food for us, but I'd never ask him where it came from."

Film adaptation
The book has been adapted into a movie that was produced and directed by Angelina Jolie. The film premiered on February 18, 2017 in Siem Reap, Cambodia.

"The heart of it is Loung's story", Jolie states on the film. "It's the story of a war through the eyes of a child, but it is also the story of a country". To construct an accurate portrait of the genocide and war, Jolie used only Cambodian actors who speak their native language, Khmer. She gathered hundreds of survivors and their children to re-create their stories. The movie was filmed in Cambodia.

title: First They Killed My Father