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Anthonie Heinsius

Anthonie (or Antonius) Heinsius (23 November 1641, Delft – 3 August 1720, The Hague) was a Dutch statesman who served as Grand Pensionary of Holland from 1689 to his death in 1720. Heinsius was a tough negotiator and one of the greatest and most obstinate opponents of the expansionist policies of Louis XIV's France. He was one of the driving forces behind the anti-France coalitions of the Nine Years' War (1688–97) and the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14).

Even during the life of King William III, he was seen as the preeminent statesman in Europe outside of France. After the death of William III in 1702, Heinsius' hold on the Dutch States General diminished, but he remained Grand Pensionary of Holland, and replaced William as the main policy maker in the field of foreign affairs of the Dutch Republic. In this he was supported by a Cabinet noir under the direction of his private secretary Abel Tassin d'Alonne.

Early life
Anthonie Heinsius was born in Delft on 23 November 1641, from the marriage of Adriaan Heinsius and Maria Dedel. His father belonged to the governing families of Delft, where Anthonie completed his education at the Latin school. He later attended the University of Orléans, earning a doctorate in both civil and canon law in 1662. Upon returning to Delft, he practiced law there until his appointment as the city's pensionary in 1679.

In the States of Holland, during these years, the Delft government generally aligned with Amsterdam in opposition to the foreign policy of William III of Orange. Heinsius, as the city's pensionary, leaned in this direction, prompting some to see his assignment in 1682 to Paris as a means to remove him. His task was to address the acts of violence orchestrated by Louis XIV in the Principality of Orange. Before his departure, William III predicted a reception in Paris that would not be unfriendly but would yield no results, a prophecy that proved accurate. Heinsius resistance to the encroachments of Louis XIV, however, escalated to the extent that Louvois went as far as threatening him with imprisonment in the Bastille.

This mission seemingly contributed to convincing Heinsius that the power and politics of Louis XIV were indeed perilous and rightfully opposed by William III. In early 1685, he departed for England with several other delegates to negotiate difficulties between the Dutch (VOC) and English (EIC) East India Companies. By the spring of 1686, the commission returned without achieving its goal, but in 1687 he became a member of the board of the Delft chamber of the Dutch East India Company. Correspondence between him and the Grand Pensionary Gaspar Fagel during this time clearly indicates that he no longer belonged to the adversaries of Prince William and the Grand Pensionary and Fagel came to trust him. Their relationship had even improved to the extent that, as Fagel's health deteriorated, Heinsius was approached regarding his willingness to take over Fagel's position.

Nine Years' War
Upon Fagel's death at the end of 1688, the position of Grand Pensionary was temporarily assumed by Michiel ten Hove, the pensionary of Haarlem. However, Ten Hove passed away on 24 March 1689. Subsequently, Heinsius was entrusted with the interim performance of the office. Initially hesitant to accept an appointment, he yielded to the insistence of William, who, after the Glorious Revolution, now also was the King of England. On May 26, 1689, he was elected as the Grand Pensionary by the States of Holland and was subsequently reappointed every five years. During this time the Dutch Republic was involved in the Nine Years' War.

The Dutch had long been concerned with the fate of the Spanish Netherlands, viewing it as a strategic buffer against France. This perception endured even during periods of alliance with France, in de time of Johan de Witt. Evidenced by the popularity of the motto "Gallicus amicus non vicinus" ('France is a good friend, but not a good neighbour') within the Dutch Republic. The War of Devolution (1667–68) and the Franco-Dutch War (1672–78) showed the Spanish could not defend the Southern Netherlands. The Dutch hoped to create a barrier that would provide the strategic depth needed to protect their commercial and demographic heartlands around Amsterdam against attack from the south. The Ryswick peace negotiations which ended the Nine Years' War, allowed, among other things, the Dutch to place garrisons in eight Spanish key cities. Heinsius appeared among the Dutch delegates that concluded the peace.

Early years of the War of the Spanish Succession
During the War of the Spanish Succession, Heinsius, along with the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene, formed the triumvirate that, in various respects, governed Europe. Heinsius directed much of the strategy of the Grand Alliance and, despite not being a military leader, had an important role in planning many military campaigns.

With the help of Maximilian of Bavaria, the governor of the Spanish Netherlands, the Dutch garrison troops had been replaced by French troops by 1701. Dutch priorities were to re-establish and strengthen the Barrier fortresses, retain control of the economically vital Scheldt estuary, and gain access to trade in the Spanish Empire. When Dutch forces operated outside the Spanish Netherlands this was often a concession to their English allies.

The first objective was, however, to secure the Dutch frontiers, threatened by the alliance between France, Bavaria, and Joseph Clemens of Bavaria, ruler of Liège and Cologne. In the early months Dutch Field Marshal, the Prince of Nassau-Usingen, captured Kaiserswerth, while an assault on Nijmegen, a very important Dutch city, was only barely repelled, by the Earl of Athlone.

The Dutch Republic had many capable and experienced generals, no one was considered qualified enough for supreme command in the Low Countries. The Duke of Marlborough was instead appointed commander-in-chief of the joint Anglo-Dutch army. The trust William III had placed in him and the expectation that the appointment would ensure close cooperation between London and The Hague were the deciding factors.

However, Marlborough was considered a lightweight in the Netherlands. He had never before commanded a large army and comparatively limited military experience. Moreover, he was a foreigner and the States General wanted to prevent British political and military interests from being prioritised over those of the Dutch Republic. The States-General thus put severe limits on his power, which were defined in 12 articles. The most notable articles stated that:

 * 1) (Article 2) Marlborough was only allowed to command the Dutch troops that were part of the combined field army.
 * 2) (Article 3) Marlborough always had to formulate his operational plans in consultation with the highest Dutch general, who was also authorised to ask his subordinates for advice.
 * 3) (Article 4) Marlborough had to take all his decisions in agreement with the Dutch commander and the field deputies.
 * 4) (Article 6) Marlborough was not allowed to give orders to the Dutch troops independently of the Dutch senior officers.

Marlborough had to rely on his powers of tact and persuasion, and gain the consent of accompanying Dutch field deputies, the political representatives of the States General. Because of this Marlborough's personal friendship with Heinsius would prove immensely beneficial to him.

The rest of the 1702 campaign went relatively well and Marlborough took Venlo, Roermond, Stevensweert and Liège along the Meuse. The 1703 campaign was, instead, marred by Allied conflicts over strategy. Despite capturing Bonn, they failed to take Antwerp, while a Dutch contingent narrowly escaped disaster at Ekeren in June. In that same year, the strategic position of the Emperor continued to worsen. To relieve the pressure, Marlborough marched up the Rhine, joined forces with Louis of Baden and Prince Eugene, and crossed the Danube on 2 July. Allied victory at Blenheim on 13 August forced Bavaria out of the war and the Treaty of Ilbersheim placed it under Austrian rule. Allied efforts to exploit their victory in 1705 foundered on poor co-ordination, tactical disputes and command rivalries. A diplomatic crisis between the Dutch Republic and England was only averted by the dismissal of General Slangenburg. Heinsius played a significant role in this.

Years of Success
In 1706, when the French court made some secret peace proposals, the advice of the Grand Pensionary and the government of Amsterdam was sought. The Frenchman Helvetius, the son of the renowned physician, arrived from Paris under the pretext of visiting his father. While here, he engaged in several discussions with Heinsius on this subject, delivering letters and messages from President Rouillé. Furthermore, he sent a draft, approved by the Amsterdam government, to English statesmen. Heinsius then elaborated on the points, totaling 40, contained in this proposal. However, these negotiations did not result in peace. Heinsius received a letter from the French statesmen filled with bitter complaints about the conduct of the delegates involved in those negotiations.

From 1706, the war in the Spanish Netherlands took an unexpectedly favorable turn for the Allied army. At the Battle of Ramillies, a French army was decisively defeated, leading to a substantial portion of the Spanish Netherlands falling into the hands of the Anglo-Dutch forces. From July 1706 until Februari 1716, the Spanish Netherlands transitioned into an Anglo-Dutch condominium. The sovereignty of Charles was theoretically recognized, yet governance would be administered by a Council of State comprising Belgians, acting on his behalf under the regency of the Maritime Powers. The immediate threat to the Republic had diminished, sparking hope in Paris and anxiety in London and Vienna that Heinsius might seek a separate peace. However, it was overlooked that most strong fortified cities - like Tournai, Lille, Mons and Namur - were still not under Allied control. If they were to become part of the Dutch barrier, the war had to continue.

In the following years, the Allies slowly advanced towards the borders of France. Victories in the battles of Oudenarde and Malplaquet and the capture of Lille, Tournai, and Mons were notable successes for the Allies. Despite the soaring costs, which also greatly burdened the Republic, the imminent humiliation of France seemed undeniable. During the peace negotiations in 1709, Louis appeared willing to make significant concessions.

However, the demands posed by the Allies to Louis XIV proved to be a step too far for him. Heinsius insisted that the king should deploy his own troops to expel his grandson from Spain. According to Heinsius and the other Dutch negotiators, this demand was necessary due to the French king's unreliability in the past. The peace negotiations of 1709 and 1710 thus collapsed.

The war comes to an end

Ultimately, when the English War Ministry collapsed and the new government initiated peace with France, the Republic suffered the disappointing consequences. Heinsius felt this burden heavily, even though he shared responsibility for prolonging the war excessively with many others. In 1712, amid the disappointing turn of events, he faced severe reproaches in the States of Holland. There were even rumors of his intent to resign. Although this didn't materialize, his authority and esteem were shaken, and he was henceforth not the same, neither physically nor mentally.

But the peace of 1713 fulfilled in many respects, both militarily and politically, what William III and Heinsius had envisaged for the war. France's drive for expansion had been stilled and the Dutch buffer realised. Hence, the disillusionment prevailing among Dutch contemporaries regarding the War of the Spanish Succession didn't arise from unmet aspirations of the Grand Alliances. Instead, it emerged from the unforeseen course this conflict undertook starting from 1706. Suddenly, the prospect of decisively overcoming Louis XIV appeared attainable. Nonetheless, the dire circumstances faced by France remained unutilized due to the actions orchestrated by the British government.

Negotiations on the implementation of the barrier between the Dutch and Austrians, however, dragged on until 1715, as the Austrians proved reluctant to pay for Dutch garrisons stationed in their territory. Following George I's accession to the British throne in the years after 1713, Heinsius regained hope and positive expectations. Those hopes were dashed, but the Jacobite rising of 1715, would ultimately still force George to back the Dutch against the Austrians. After that the barrier negotiations were quickly concluded to the Dutch Republic's satisfaction.

In the autumn of 1716, the English government caused him further disappointment by, contrary to explicit assurances, forging an alliance with France outside the Republic. Until then the Republic had held the role as mediators between England and France. Heinsius was utterly dismayed upon receiving this news, wondering in distress what he could say if the States reproached him for being deceived. Understandably, after the Republic entered into this Anglo-French alliance, he became more apprehensive in negotiations regarding accession to the so-called Quadruple Alliance, which, besides, other considerations made the Dutch regents averse to. Moreover, after the Peace of Utrecht, the dire state of the finances underscored a gap in his multifaceted skills. Since assuming the role of Grand Pensionary, his involvement in foreign policy had been all-consuming, leaving him little attention or care for financial matters. He lacked the familiarity with fiscal administration and taxation demanded by the necessities of those years. He remained unmarried. Heinsius died in 1720, still in function.

Assessment
"Heinsius and Marlborough together filled King William's place, with less authority, but far greater success." Heinsius held the post of Grand Pensionary for over 31 years, longer than most of his predecessors and successors, except for Johan van Oldenbarnevelt. Throughout these 3 decades he played a significant and respected role, although to a lesser extent after 1713 than before. The death of William III in the years 1689-1713 marked a division. William and Heinsius were closely aligned in their views on European affairs, often finding agreement. Heinsius actively shared his own detailed opinions, and William frequently sought his input. This collaboration with the Stadtholder-King greatly bolstered Heinsius' influence in Holland and the Republic, providing strong moral support.

Amidst Heinsius' widely acknowledged skills - keen intellect, sound judgment, extensive knowledge, tactfulness, great diplomatic finesse, tireless diligence, and unblemished integrity - lay a characteristic that sometimes hindered him: his humility. His modesty occasionally undercut his confidence, particularly after William's passing, fostering extreme caution and indecision.

Contemporary opnions
Jean Baptiste Colbert, Marquis of Torcy, a French diplomat, who negotiated some of the most important treaties towards the end of Louis XIV's reign, describes Heinsius as "a consummate man in affairs, of a reserved manner, polite in conversation, never harsh and seldom heated in debate. His demeanor, was accommodating; no ostentation in his household; his staff comprised a secretary, a coachman, a footman, a maid, not indicating the power of a prime minister."

"he was not accused of finding pleasure in the consideration brought by the continuation of war to prolong it, nor of any personal interest."

Voltaire presents Heinsius in his The Age of Louis XIV as a "Spartan proud to have humbled a Persian King," after the collapsed peace negotiations of 1709, when Louis XIV had sent Torcy to The Hague to seek peace.

title: Anthonie Heinsius


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Spae Wife

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus, so kept. JYolkowski // talk 21:13, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Spae Wife
This article is factually inaccurate beyond salvage, and the tiny pinch of factuality is already covered in the articles Völva and Seid.

Spáfrúr is an Old Norse word meaning "seering mistress", and as with "mistress" becoming "mrs.", so has frúr (Scandinavian: fru, German: Frau) also become the modern title for a wife.

In the "Fairy spae wives" section, the article appears to be suddenly referring to the British Isles. See also the articles on elves in Norse mythology and Scandinavian folklore, and on vättar (Scandinavian gnomes).

Here is the reference book on Amazon. I would say it looks suspiciously like a work of New Age quasi-science.

-- Salleman 23:34, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * comment - actually, it looks like a work that combines some legit folklore research w/New Age gobbledegook about contacting fairies personally. Can't find any book excerpts online, but considering "Spae wives" has its own index entry in the above book, I suspect copyvio.  Anybody want to go to the nearest N.A. bookstore (probably also Borders or Barnes & Noble) and check?  Soundguy99 12:37, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Towhid Prison

Anti-sabotage Joint Committee, or Komiteh Moshtarak, was built in the 1930s. It was used by Pahlavi regime, specially its secret police known as SAVAK against political opponents. It reportedly was shut down by the Islamic Republic in August 2000. Currently it is Ebrat Museum of Iran ("Edification Museum") of Tehran.

title: Towhid Prison


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Talk:War of the Eight Princes

Untitled

 * I think this article should be moved from Pa-wang Chih-luan, to either War of the Eight Princes, Rebellion of the Eight Princes, or something along this line.--Confuzion 23:35, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. - Nat Krause 7 July 2005 08:32 (UTC)

This article is a mess. Take a look of this paragraph:

 * Power then passed to Sima Liang, the emperor's uncle. However, Empress Jia plotted with Sima Wei and convinced the prince to kill Sima Liang. She then ordered Sima Wei's death for the murder of Sima Liang. The empress and the Jia clan remained in power until 300, when she ordered the assassination of the heir to the throne, Sima Yu.

 * Sima Lun, who commanded the imperial guards, took this opportunity to kill the Empress Jia and her faction. Sima Lun placed himself in power and tried to centralize control over the powerful princes; this resulted in Sima Yun's rebellion, who marched his troops to capital against Sima Lun; Sima Yun was killed by Sima Liang's troops in the ensuing battle in Luoyang. Sima Liang then imprisoned Emperor Hui and styled himself as the new emperor.

Q:How can Sima Liang styled himself as the new emperor after he had been killed by Empress Jia and Sima Wei? Who is Sima Yun? 69.196.116.29 17:51, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

One thing I'd like to see on this page, if anyone has access to this information, is the death toll of the war. The article mentions that it "depopulated" northern China. Does this just refer to mass migrations, and people fleeing the scene? Or were there significant civilian deaths? The Wikipedia article on Death Toll which lists hundreds of wars and battles with their associated death tolls, does not mention the War of Eight Princes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.45.168.113 (talk • contribs)
 * It is not clear. --Nlu (talk) 18:01, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

translation
This series of events are known as “八王之乱”, which literally means "War/Disorder/Clash of Eight Kings". The article uses Princes instead of Kings to translate "王". Prince means the son of Kings/emperors. Not all of these actors are sons of kings/emperors. Instead, they all held the title King and had their own land and army. __aichi Lee 19:04, 21 February 2014 (UTC)
 * A prince is a ... or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. Prince is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states.

"The "War of the Eight Princes" is somewhat of a misnomer: rather than one continuous conflict, the War of the Eight Princes saw intervals of peace interposed with short and intense periods of internecine conflict. At no point in the whole conflict were all of the eight princes on one side of the fighting (as opposed to, for example, the Rebellion of the Seven States). The literal Chinese translation, Disorder of the Eight Kings, may be more appropriate in this regard."

Therefore, the term Disorder of the eight Princes (not kings) would be more appropriate. -- Ktsquare (talk) 15:13, 21 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:War of the Eight Princes


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CBAX-FM

CBAX-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts Radio-Canada's Ici Musique network at 91.5 FM in Halifax, Nova Scotia. It was launched in 2002. CBAX's studios are located on Chebucto Road in Halifax, while its transmitter is located on Washmill Lake Drive in Clayton Park.

Transmitters
The CBC also received approval to add transmitters in the following communities:

title: CBAX-FM


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Ebon Atoll

Ebon Atoll (Marshallese: Epoon, ) is a coral atoll of 22 islands in the Pacific Ocean, forming a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its land area is 5.75 km2, and it encloses a deep lagoon with an area of 104 km2. A winding passage, the Ebon Channel, leads to the lagoon from the southwest edge of the atoll. Ebon Atoll is approximately 155 km south of Jaluit, and it is the southernmost land mass of the Marshall Islands, on the southern extremity of the Ralik Chain. In documents and accounts from the 1800s, it was also known as Boston, Covell's Group, Fourteen Islands, and Linnez.

History
Ebon Atoll was visited by commercial whaling vessels in the 19th century. The first such vessel on record was the Newark in 1837. The last whaler known to have visited was the Andrew Hicks in 1905.

The schooner Glencoe was taken and its crew massacred by Marshallese at Ebon in 1851 – one of three vessels attacked in the Marshall Islands in 1851 and 1852. There were several motives, and by some accounts the ship's crew had been abducting island women for sale to plantation owners (slavery) at other destinations.

Missionaries sent by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Boston began missionary activities in the Marshall Islands in 1857, establishing a mission at Ebon.

Ebon was claimed by the German Empire along with the rest of the Marshall Islands in 1885. After World War I, the island came under the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan, which had a garrison there late in World War II. The base became part of the vast US Naval Base Marshall Islands. At the end of WW II, Ebon Atoll became a part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands under the control of the United States, until the independence of the Marshall Islands in 1986.

On January 30, 2014, castaway José Salvador Alvarenga, a Salvadoran national who had been working in Mexico as a fisherman, was found by locals from Ebon after he had pulled his boat ashore on Enienaitok [Tile] Islet at the conclusion of a 14-month drifting voyage of 10,800 kilometers (6,700 miles) across the Pacific.

Demography
In the period between 1920 and 1999, different governmental officials have conducted eleven census reports from Ebon, with an average total population of 735 people. The lowest count was under the Japanese colonial power in 1925, with 552 people, and the highest in 1999 – 20 years after independence – with 902 people. At the 2021 census, the atoll had a population of 469 people. The same report also notes that Ebon is among the atolls and islands of the Marshalls with a positive net migration rate – even though the population has gone down with 196 people since the 1999 census. It is also curious to note that various German sources claim a significantly higher population – ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 people – in a 46-year period, 1860–1906. Moreover, in an unpublished interview series with Leonard Mason in 1949–1950, Dwight Heine (an Ebon local) tells of a legendary typhoon that swept Ebon sometime in the 1850s, the aftermath of which left the atoll population decimated. Before the typhoon hit, Heine says, the Ebon population numbered several thousand.

Today, people permanently inhabit four of the islets on the atoll. The main island, Ebon [Epoon], houses a medical facility and the council house, and has the largest population. Tōkā has fewer residents but is more densely populated than Ebon. The other two are Enekoion [Āne-ko-ion] and Enilok [Āni-look]. Of the four, Āni-look is the only one without an elementary school, so children usually move to family members on Tōkā during school years. Many people have land rights on other islets and live there sporadically to work with copra production. The islets with the largest production rate are Āne-armej, Kumkumļap, and Enienaitok [Āni-eņ-aetok].

Education
Marshall Islands Public School System operates public schools:
 * Ebon Elementary School
 * Enekoion Elementary School
 * Toka Elementary School

Students are zoned to Jaluit High School in Jaluit Atoll.

Transportation
Ebon Airport serves the atoll by air, with smaller ships sometimes visiting too.

title: Ebon Atoll


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The Yellow Hoard

"The Yellow Hoard" is the 2nd pulp magazine story to feature The Avenger. Written by Paul Ernst, it was published in the October 1, 1939 issue of The Avenger magazine.

Publishing history
This novel was re-published under its original title by Paperback Library on July 1, 1972.

Summary
Smitty sees a house explode, and grabs a suspicious character and takes him to Mac's drugstore. Drugged and hypnotized, the man reveals that a small, peanut-shaped bomb was used in a plot to get 5 clay bricks originally from southern Mexico. The bricks are archeological artifacts found by Professor Archer Gray, distributed among some of the expedition members for safekeeping. Gray is killed for his 2 bricks, and the gang murders and uses the small bombs to cause other explosions. Gray's daughter, Nellie, is slow to trust Benson, but helps the trio pursue the criminals. She also acts on her own, roughing up criminals independently. The bricks each contain a segment of a golden belt inscribed with directions to huge Aztec treasure. Both Justice Inc. and the criminals have enough information to take them to the vicinity of the treasure in Mexico. In a battle involving hidden temples, Aztec gold, secret passageways, traps, escapes, etc., the criminals are thwarted and fall into their own traps. Justice Inc. ends up with the largest amount of gold in the world to finance its activities.

title: The Yellow Hoard


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CBUX-FM

CBUX-FM (90.9 MHz) is a non-commercial French-language radio station, which broadcasts the SRC's Ici Musique network in Vancouver, British Columbia. It plays a mix of Adult Album Alternative, Jazz and Classical music with news updates.

The station broadcasts from the CBC Regional Broadcast Centre on Hamilton Street in Downtown Vancouver, while its transmitter is atop Mount Seymour in the District of North Vancouver. It also has a rebroadcaster on 88.9 FM in Victoria, British Columbia, which has the call sign CBUX-FM-1.

History
The station signed on the air on September 5, 2002. At first, it carried the Radio-Canada FM network live, even though Vancouver is three time zones away from Montreal.

In fall 2010, Espace musique stations in Western Canada began to air the network schedule on tape delay as appropriate for their respective time zones, in line with Radio-Canada's other terrestrial networks. Hence network programs now air on CBUX three hours after they air on Ici Musique stations in Quebec, Ontario and Atlantic Canada. Much of the daytime programming was devolved to local stations. On CBUX, Monique Polloni hosted from 9:00 a.m. to noon, followed by Célyne Gagnon until 3:00 p.m.

In addition, André Rhéaume hosts a world music program originating from CBUX which airs across the network on Wednesday and Thursday nights, from 10:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. local time.

Prior to fall 2010, all Espace Musique stations carried the entire network schedule without any recorded delays for time zone differences. During this era, CBUX was a partial exception: Rhéaume's program, which at the time was a two-hour jazz program which aired Monday-Thursday at 5:00 p.m. local time, followed by concerts at 7:00. This was the reverse of the order on most stations (concerts at 8:00 ET, jazz at 10:00 ET).

During the 2010 Winter Olympics, CBUX broke away from the national Espace musique schedule to broadcast a special radio service titled la radio culturelle, focusing on various cultural aspects of the games for French-language listeners.

title: CBUX-FM


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Matt Roberts

Matthew Nicholas Roberts (born November 1977) is an English television presenter, best known for his former work on BBC Sport's MotoGP coverage and latterly in superbike coverage broadcast to UK.

Education
Roberts attended All Saints High School in Huddersfield as well as Greenhead College and Huddersfield University.

As of 2021 Roberts is undertaking a specialist post-graduate degree known as Master of Sport Directorship at Manchester Metropolitan University.

MotoGP, Isle of Man TT and Superbike work
Roberts has been working in MotoGP since 2001, initially as a writer and then as a commentator. Since 2005 he has expanded his portfolio within the paddock, producing press material for several teams and contributing articles to publications in the UK, Spain, Italy, Germany and the USA.

In addition Roberts has reported extensively on the Isle of Man TT Races. This initially was in the form of conducting rider interviews, however the 2019 coverage saw Roberts taking over as the main anchor from Craig Doyle on the mainstream ITV4 coverage. Initially this was with co-presenter Jodie Kidd, however as of 2022 Roberts has fronted the coverage with Steve Plater.

Roberts worked as a pit-lane reporter at MotoGP races for BBC Sport in 2008 before becoming the main presenter for some rounds in 2009.

In 2009 Roberts shared MotoGP presenting duties with Suzi Perry who presented the European rounds, but Roberts took over for all rounds outside Europe. When handed the responsibility Roberts said "It's a bit different to pit-lane reporting. If I'm interviewing someone or talking to Suzi from the pit-lane then I'm not really thinking about the camera, but with presenting I'm talking straight to it and the people back home and I'm a bit nervous about that."

In 2010 Jennie Gow replaced Perry as the main presenter with Roberts reverting to pit-lane duties, and no longer presenting part-time.

In February 2011, it was confirmed that Roberts would replace the departed Gow as full-time main presenter. His former job in the pitlane was taken by Azi Farni.

After the BBC's contract for MotoGP coverage was not renewed for 2014, Roberts joined Eurosport to anchor their coverage of the Superbike World Championship and the British Superbike Championship alongside James Haydon and fellow Huddersfield native James Whitham.

Other broadcasting
In 2010 and 2011 Roberts hosted BBC Sport's American Football coverage of the NFL play-off games.

Sports management
Roberts has established a partnership and new business with Shane Byrne to mentor young motorcycle racers.

Personal life
Roberts lives in the village of Stainland, Calderdale. He plays football for Huddersfield YMCA in the Yorkshire Amateur League.

Roberts is a supporter of Huddersfield Town. In a MotoGP preview show Roberts interviewed champion racer Valentino Rossi over a game of table football. "I told Rossi beforehand that I was playing with my dream strike force of Gerrard, Gascoigne and Andy Booth. "He picked up on this and in the interview said that after Ibrahimovic, Andy Booth is the number two striker in the world."

title: Matt Roberts


text: User talk:84.142.141.6

title: User talk:84.142.141.6


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User talk:Coprophagiac

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You 23:37, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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Fonzie Fan
Aren't you Fonzie Fan's sockpuppet? — Stevey7788 (talk) 00:29, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Please stop removing the sandbox header. --W(t) 02:28, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)

Please stop removing the sandbox header or you will be blocked from editing. --W(t) 02:51, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)

sandbox header
Its the same thing only written the long way.
 * And more confusing to new users. There's a reason the sandbox is set up the way it is, if you want to change it, discuss it on the appropriate talk pages. --W(t) 02:55, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)

title: User talk:Coprophagiac


text: File:Advance Tour Cover.jpg

title: File:Advance Tour Cover.jpg


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Jabat Island

Jabat Island (or Jabot Island or Jabwot Island; Marshallese: Jebat, ) is an island in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its total land area is only 0.6 km2, and has a length of 1.2 km. It is located 12 km from Ailinglapalap Atoll. Unlike most of the other islands in the Marshall Islands, Jabat Island is a rocky island rather than a coral atoll, although it surrounded by fringing shallow water coral reefs that extend for several kilometres beyond the outer reef to the north and south. The population of Jabat Island was 75 in 2021.

History
First recorded sighting of Jabat Island was by the Spanish navigator Alonso de Arellano on 8 January 1565 on board of the patache San Lucas.

Jabat Island was claimed by the German Empire along with the rest of the Marshall Islands in 1885. Along with other German possessions in the Pacific, it was taken by the Empire of Japan during World War I and remained under Japanese rule during the interwar South Seas Mandate. Following the end of World War II, it came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands until the independence of the Marshall Islands in 1986.

Education
Marshall Islands Public School System operates Jabat Elementary School. Students are zoned to Jaluit High School in Jaluit Atoll.

title: Jabat Island


text:
Singaporean literature

The literature of Singapore comprises a collection of literary works by Singaporeans. It is written chiefly in the country's four official languages: English, Malay, Standard Mandarin and Tamil.

While Singaporean literary works may be considered as also belonging to the literature of their specific languages, the literature of Singapore is viewed as a distinct body of literature portraying various aspects of Singapore society and forms a significant part of the culture of Singapore. Literature in all four official languages has been translated and showcased in publications such as the literary journal Singa, which was published in the 1980s and 1990s with editors including Edwin Thumboo and Koh Buck Song, as well as in multilingual anthologies such as Rhythms: A Singaporean Millennial Anthology Of Poetry (2000), in which the poems were all translated three times each into the three languages. A number of Singaporean writers such as Tan Swie Hian and Kuo Pao Kun have contributed work in more than one language. However, such cross-linguistic fertilisation is becoming increasingly rare and it is now increasingly thought that Singapore has four sub-literatures instead of one.

Business Times (Singapore) has written that writers in Singapore can also be "highly experimental", and quoting the poet, Cyril Wong, literature in the country "doesn't necessarily mean writing that's on the page. It can be writing that is performed or even writing that is translated into video or images or photographs...including writings that are less tangible. Writings that are expressed through other mediums." Singaporean literature has even begun to make its mark on the international stage, with Sonny Liew's graphic novel The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye winning three Eisner Awards and the Pingprisen for Best International Comic in 2017.

Poetry
Singaporean literature in English started with the Straits-born Chinese community in the colonial era; it is unclear which was the first work of literature in English published in Singapore, but there is evidence of Singapore literature published as early as the 1830s. The first notable Singaporean work of poetry in English is possibly Teo Poh Leng's F.M.S.R. This modernist poem was published in 1937 in London under the pseudonym of Francis P. Ng. This was followed by Wang Gungwu's Pulse in 1950.

With the independence of Singapore in 1965, a new wave of Singapore writing emerged, led by Edwin Thumboo, Arthur Yap, Robert Yeo, Goh Poh Seng, Lee Tzu Pheng, Chandran Nair and Kirpal Singh. It is telling that many critical essays on Singapore literature name Thumboo's generation, rightly or wrongly, as the first generation of Singapore writers. Poetry is the predominant mode of expression; it has a small but respectable following since independence, and most published works of Singapore writing in English have been in poetry.

There were varying levels of activity in succeeding decades, with poets in the late 1980s and early 1990s including Simon Tay, Leong Liew Geok, Koh Buck Song, Angeline Yap, Heng Siok Tian and Ho Poh Fun. In the late 1990s, poetry in English in Singapore found a new momentum with a whole new generation of poets born around or after 1965 now actively writing and publishing, not only in Singapore but also internationally. Since the late-1990s, local small presses such as firstfruits, Ethos Books and Math Paper Press have been actively promoting the works of this new wave of poets. Some of the more notable include Boey Kim Cheng, Yong Shu Hoong, Alvin Pang, Cyril Wong, Felix Cheong, Toh Hsien Min, Grace Chia, Topaz Winters, Pooja Nansi and Alfian bin Sa'at (also a playwright). The poetry of this younger generation is often politically aware, transnational and cosmopolitan, yet frequently presents their intensely focused, self-questioning and highly individualised perspectives of Singaporean life, society and culture. Some poets have been labelled confessional for their personalised writing, often dealing with intimate issues such as sexuality.

Verse anthologies have collected and captured various aspects of life in Singapore, from the 1970s onwards, including a few anthologies under the ASEAN series for the literature of Southeast Asia. For example, the coffeetable book Singapore: Places, Poems, Paintings (1993, edited by Koh Buck Song) featured poems, paintings and reminiscences about 30 significant places ranging from Chinatown to Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, and had an exhibition at the National Museum along with paintings from the book. From Boys To Men: A Literary Anthology Of National Service In Singapore (2002, edited by Koh Buck Song and Umej Bhatia) examined the meaning of military duty. Reflecting On The Merlion (2009, edited by Edwin Thumboo and Yeow Kai Chai) brought together about 40 poems about the national tourism symbol. The most authoritative anthology to date is, arguably, Writing Singapore: An Historical Anthology Of Singapore Literature (2009) edited by Angelia Poon, Philip Holden and Shirley Geok-lin Lim, and published by NUS Press.

Children
Children's literature in Singapore has gained momentum in recent years due to increased interest in the genre generated by the First Time Writers and Illustrators Initiative which discovered acclaimed writers such as Adeline Foo (The Diary of Amos Lee), Jin Pyn (The Elephant and the Tree), Don Bosco (Thor the Greatest), Hidayah Amin (The Mango Tree), Edmund Lim (Where's Grandma) and Emily Lim (Prince Bear and Pauper Bear),  Jessie Wee, one of the pioneers of children's literature, rereleased her popular Mooty Mouse series with Marshall Cavendish in 2009. David Seow is another pioneer in the genre; his Sam, Sebbie & Di-Di-Di series was first published by Educational Publishing House in 1998 and was republished by Epigram Books as the Sam, Sebbie & Di-Di-Di and Xandy series in 2013. According to the National Library Board, other prominent and prolific children's authors include Patricia Maria Tan, Chia Hearn Chek, Ho MinFong and Bessie Chua.

Drama
Drama in English found expression in Goh Poh Seng, who was also a notable poet and novelist, in Robert Yeo, author of six plays, and in Kuo Pao Kun, who also wrote in Chinese, sometimes translating his works into English. The late Kuo was a vital force in the local theatre renaissance in the 1980s and 1990s. He was the artistic director of The Substation for many years. Some of his plays, like The Coffin is Too Big for the Hole (1984) and Lao Jiu (1990), have been now considered classics. Stella Kon gained international fame with her now-famous play Emily of Emerald Hill. About an ageing Peranakan matriarch, it has been produced in Scotland, Malaysia and Australia. The sole character has been played by men as well as women. More recent plays have tended to revolve mostly around social issues, especially causes such as gay rights. A few plays by writers such as Tan Tarn How have ventured successfully into the realm of political satire, but their audiences and critical reception remain limited.

Fiction
Fiction writing in English did not start in earnest until after independence. Short stories flourished as a literary form, the novel arrived much later. Goh Poh Seng remains a pioneer in writing novels well before many of the later generation, with titles like If We Dream Too Long (1972) – widely recognised as the first true Singaporean novel – and A Dance of Moths (1995).

Beginning as a short story writer, Penang-born Catherine Lim has been Singapore's most widely read author, thanks partly to her first two books of short stories, Little Ironies: Stories of Singapore (1978) and Or Else, The Lightning God and Other Stories (1980). These two books were incorporated as texts for the GCE 'O' Levels. Lim's themes of Asian male chauvinistic gender-dominance mark her as a distant cousin to Asian-American writers such as Amy Tan. She has also been writing novels, such as The Bondmaid (1998) and Following the Wrong God Home (2001), and publishing them to an international audience since the late 1990s.

Han May is the pseudonym of Joan Hon who is better known for her non-fiction books. Her science-fiction romance Star Sapphire (1985) won a High Commendation Award from the Book Development Council of Singapore in 1986, the same year when she was also awarded a Commendation prize for her better-known book Relatively Speaking on her family and childhood memories.

Rex Shelley hails from an earlier colonial generation, although he began publishing only in the early 1990s. A Eurasian, his first novel The Shrimp People (1991) examines the regional Eurasian community and their experience in Singapore. The book won a National Book Prize. His three other novels, People of the Pear Tree (1993), Island in the Centre (1995) and River of Roses (1998) all examine similar themes of the Eurasian community in the Southeast Asia region. He has won the S.E.A. Write Award in 2007.

Haresh Sharma is a playwright who has written more than fifty plays that have been staged all over the world, including Singapore, Melbourne, Glasgow, Birmingham, Cairo and London. In May 2010, his highly acclaimed play Those Who Can't, Teach was published in book form by the independent publisher Epigram Books.

Su-Chen Christine Lim's works consider varied themes surrounding issues of gender, immigration and orthodoxy. In 1993, her novel, Fistful of Colours, was awarded the first Singapore Literature Prize. Her other novels take up the relationship between the Malays and Chinese immigrants in colonial Malaya, and the issue of land (A Bit of Earth).

Gopal Baratham, a neurosurgeon, started as a short story writer and later wrote politically charged works like A Candle or the Sun (1991) and Sayang (1991), which courted some controversy when they were first published.

Jean Tay is an economist-turned-playwright. Her play Everything but the Brain won the Best Original Script at The Straits Times' Life! Theatre Awards in 2006. Two of her plays, Everything but the Brain and Boom, were published in book form by the Singapore-based independent publisher Epigram Books.

Augustine Goh Sin Tub who began his writing career writing in Malay, burst on the literary scene after his retirement with more than a dozen books of short stories, most of which were founded on his own personal history, thus making them part fiction and part non-fiction. Works like One Singapore and its two sequels One Singapore 2 and One Singapore 3 have found fans among the different strata of Singapore society and well acclaimed by all.

Around this time, younger writers emerged. Claire Tham and Ovidia Yu wrote short stories, while playwright Stella Kon put forth her lesser-known science-fiction novel, Eston (1995). Of the younger generation, Philip Jeyaretnam has shown promise but has not published a new novel since Abraham's Promise (1995). His first two books, First Loves (1987) and Raffles Place Ragtime (1988), were best-sellers in Singapore.

Kelvin Tan, a musician and playwright, has been sporadically in sight, publishing the works All Broken Up and Dancing (1992) and the Nethe(r);R (2001). Colin Cheong can perhaps lay claim to being one of Singapore's most prolific contemporary authors, releasing three novels, one novella, two short story collections, and dozens of non-fictional works thus far. He won the Singapore Literature Prize in 1996 for his travel diary-like novel Tangerine. Daren Shiau's Heartland (1999) traces an eighteen-year-old's rites of passage from junior college through to enlistment and thereafter. The novel has been selected to be a set text at secondary school level.

Hwee Hwee Tan graduated with a First Class Honours from the University of East Anglia, and a master's from Oxford University. She grew up in Singapore and in the Netherlands, and her cosmopolitan experience can be readily seen in her novels. Her snazzy, humorous prose can be read in Foreign Bodies (1997) and Mammon Inc. (2001), both published by Penguin Books. Simon Tay, currently the chairperson of Singapore Institute of International Affairs and a former nominated Member of Parliament, has a short story collection and a novel under his belt. These are Stand Alone (1991) and City of Small Blessings (2009).

A newer wave of playwrights have emerged included Faith Ng, Joel Tan, Lucas Ho, Nabilah Said, Helmi Yusof and Nur Sabrina Dzulkifli.

Sonny Liew, a comic artist/illustrator, won three Eisner Awards in 2017 for Best Writer/Artist, Best U.S. Edition of International Material - Asia, and Best Publication Design, for his graphic novel "The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye", which also won the Singapore Literature Prize in 2016. "The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye".

The late 2010s saw a trend of young Singaporean female novelists bringing out novels with international publishing houses based in London and New York. These novelists include Sharlene Teo, Kirstin Chen, Balli Kaur Jaswal, Clarissa Goenawan, Rachel Heng, Thea Lim, Amanda Lee Koe, and Jing-Jing Lee.

List of Singaporean writers
The following is a non-exhaustive list of notable Singaporean writers:

 * Alfian bin Sa'at, playwright, poet and fiction writer
 * Gopal Baratham, neurosurgeon and writer
 * Boey Kim Cheng, poet
 * Don Bosco, writer and publisher of children's fiction books
 * Kamaladevi Aravindan, Tamil fiction writer, Malayalam and Tamil playwright
 * Colin Cheong, poet and novelist
 * Felix Cheong, poet, fiction writer
 * Christine Chia, poet
 * Grace Chia, poet
 * Michael Chiang, playwright
 * Tania De Rozario, poet, fiction writer, and artist
 * Clarissa Goenawan, novelist
 * Goh Poh Seng, poet and novelist
 * Gwee Li Sui, a literary critic, poet and graphic artist
 * Suffian Hakim, satirist and writer
 * Raymond Han, novelist and teacher
 * Rachel Heng, fictionist
 * Heng Siok Tian, poet
 * Joshua Ip, poet
 * Philip Jeyaretnam, novelist and lawyer
 * Koh Buck Song, poet
 * Desmond Kon, poet and publisher
 * Aaron Lee, poet and lawyer
 * Madeleine Lee, poet
 * Russell Lee, author of popular True Singapore Ghost Stories series
 * Lee Tzu Pheng, academic and poet
 * Liang Wern Fook, Chinese writer and songwriter
 * Sonny Liew, comic artist / graphic novelist
 * Catherine Lim, novelist
 * Su-Chen Christine Lim, novelist
 * Shirley Lim, poet and critic
 * Low Kay Hwa, novelist
 * Rahul Singh, creative non-fiction writer
 * Kishore Mahbubani, politics
 * Aaron Maniam, poet and civil servant
 * Mohamed Latiff Mohamed, poet
 * Chandran Nair, poet and artist
 * Pooja Nansi, poet
 * Faith Ng, playwright
 * Ng Yi-Sheng, poet and writer
 * Nuraliah Norasid, fictionist and academic
 * O Thiam Chin, fiction writer
 * Alvin Pang, poet and editor
 * Villayil Raman Gopala Pillai, Malayalam novelist
 * Anitha Devi Pillai, academic, fiction writer, creative non-fiction writer and poet
 * Dr Galyna Kogut, academic and fiction writer
 * Wena Poon, writer
 * Rex Shelley, novelist
 * Daren Shiau, poet, novelist, environmentalist and lawyer
 * Damien Sin, author of Classic Singapore Horror Stories series
 * Huzir Sulaiman, playwright
 * Kelvin Tan, musician, playwright and novelist
 * Hwee Hwee Tan, novelist
 * Joel Tan, playwright
 * Paul Tan, poet and deputy chief executive of the National Arts Council
 * Tan Swie Hian, poet, translator, calligrapher, and artist
 * Tan Tarn How, playwright
 * Jean Tay, playwright
 * Simon Tay, poet and lawyer
 * Teo Poh Leng, poet
 * Theophilus Kwek, poet, editor and critic
 * Edwin Thumboo, poet and academic, former Dean of the Arts and Social Sciences Faculty, National University of Singapore
 * Jeremy Tiang, fiction writer, translator
 * Toh Hsien Min, poet
 * Cyril Wong, poet, fictionist, anthologist and countertenor
 * Eleanor Wong, academic lawyer and playwright
 * Jerrold Yam, lawyer and poet
 * Arthur Yap, academic and poet
 * Yeng Pway Ngon, poet, novelist and critic
 * Ovidia Yu, playwright and novelist
 * Robert Yeo, playwright and poet
 * Yong Shu Hoong, poet
 * Joyce Chng, fiction writer

English

 * Once the Horsemen and Other Poems - Chandran Nair (1972)
 * Son of Singapore - Tan Kok Seng (1972)
 * If We Dream Too Long - Goh Poh Seng (1973)
 * Man of Malaysia - Tan Kok Seng (1974)
 * Eye on the World - Tan Kok Seng (1975)
 * After the Hard Hours, This Rain - Chandran Nair (1975)
 * The Immolation - Goh Poh Seng (1977)
 * Ricky Star - Lim Thean Soo (1978)
 * Three Sisters of Sze - Tan Kok Seng (1979)
 * Singapore Accent - Ivy Goh Nair, aka B J Wu (1980)
 * Army Daze - Michael Chiang (1984)
 * Ricebowl - Su-Chen Christine Lim (1984)
 * Star Sapphire - Han May (1985)
 * The Scholar and the Dragon - Stella Kon (1986, 2011)
 * The Adventures of Holden Heng - Robert Yeo (1986, 2011)
 * First Loves - Philip Jeyaretnam (1988)
 * Man Snake Apple - Arthur Yap (1988)
 * The Stolen Child - Colin Cheong (1989)
 * The Brink of an Amen - Lee Tzu Pheng (1991)
 * The Shrimp People - Rex Shelley (1991)
 * A Brief History Of Toa Payoh And Other Poems - Koh Buck Song (1992)
 * All Broken Up and Dancing - Kelvin Tan (1992)
 * Fistful Of Colours - Su-Chen Christine Lim (1993)
 * A Third Map - Edwin Thumboo (1993)
 * The Sea is Never Full - Jeffery T.H. Lee (1994)
 * Year of the Tiger - David Miller (2012)
 * Advent - David Miller (2013)
 * Bahau, the Elephant & the Ham - David Miller (2014)
 * DutyBound - David Miller (2014)
 * The Bondmaid - Catherine Lim (1995)
 * Glass Cathedral - Andrew Koh (1995, 2011)
 * Amazing, Surprising, Weird & Wonderful: Myths and Facts of Singapore- Thomas Toh (1995)
 * Spider Boys - Ming Cher (1995, 2012)
 * Foreign Bodies - Hwee Hwee Tan (1997)
 * A Visitation of Sunlight - Aaron Lee (1997)
 * Womango - Grace Chia (1998)
 * The Space of City Trees - Arthur Yap (2000)
 * Escape from Paradise - John & May Chu Harding (2001)
 * The Worth Of Wonder - Koh Buck Song (2001)
 * I Chose to Climb - Colin Tan (2001)
 * I Remember May - Yim Kein Kwok (2001)
 * Mammon Inc. - Hwee Hwee Tan (2001)
 * the Nethe(r);R - Kelvin Tan (2001)
 * Eight Plays - Huzir Sulaiman (2002)
 * Below: Absence - Cyril Wong (2002)
 * The Ocean Of Ambition - Koh Buck Song (2003)
 * City of Rain - Alvin Pang (2003)
 * Unmarked Treasure - Cyril Wong (2004/2012)
 * Frottage - Yong Shu Hoong (2005)
 * The Visage of Terrorism - The Hounds of Hell - James Villanueva (2004/2006)
 * Tilting Our Plates to Catch the Light - Cyril Wong (2007/2012)
 * The Lies That Build a Marriage - Suchen Christine Lim (2007)
 * Heartlands - Koh Buck Song (2008)
 * The Diary of Amos Lee - Adeline Foo (2009)
 * City of Small Blessings - Simon Tay (2009)
 * A World in Transit - Eric Tinsay Valles (2011)
 * Cordelia - Grace Chia (2012)
 * The Black Isle - Sandi Tan (2012)
 * Sonnets from the Singlish - Joshua Ip (2013)
 * Inheritance - Balli Kaur Jaswal (2013)
 * Ministry of Moral Panic - Amanda Lee Koe (2013)
 * The Last Lesson of Mrs de Souza - Cyril Wong (2013)
 * Ten Things My Father Never Taught Me and Other Stories - Cyril Wong (2014)
 * Kami and Kaze - Wena Poon (2014)
 * The Adventures of Snow Fox & Sword Girl - Wena Poon (2014)
 * Coastlands - Aaron Lee (2014)
 * Scattered Vertebrae - Jerrold Yam (2014)
 * After the Fall (dirges among ruins) - Eric Tinsay Valles (2014)
 * The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye - Sonny Liew (2014)
 * The Mind Clones Trilogy - Raymond Han (2017)
 * The Lover's Inventory - Cyril Wong (2015/2018)
 * Rainbirds - Clarissa Goenawan (2018)
 * Sembawang: A Novel - Kamaladevi Aravindan (author) Anitha Devi Pillai (Translator) (2020)
 * The Perfect World of Miwako Sumida - Clarissa Goenawan (2020)

Selected anthologies

 * Singapore: Places, Poems, Paintings - Koh, Buck Song (editor, 1993). Art & Artist Speak, Singapore. ISBN 981-00-4559-X.
 * No Other City: The Ethos Anthology of Urban Poetry - Alvin Pang and Aaron Lee (editors, 2000). Ethos Books, Singapore. ISBN 981-04-2276-8
 * From Boys To Men: A Literary Anthology Of National Service In Singapore - Koh, Buck Song and Bhatia, Umej (editors, 2002). Landmark Books, Singapore. ISBN 981-3065-67-2.
 * Rhythms: A Singaporean Millennial Anthology Of Poetry - Singh, Kirpal et al. (editors, 2000). National Arts Council, Singapore. ISBN 9971-88-763-0.
 * Reflecting On The Merlion: An Anthology Of Poems - Thumboo, Edwin & Yeow, Kai Chai (editors, 2009). National Arts Council, Singapore. ISBN 978-981-08-4300-7.
 * Writing Singapore: An Historical Anthology Of Singapore Literature - Poon, Angelia; Holden, Philip & Lim, Shirley Geok-lin (editors, 2009). National University of Singapore Press, Singapore. ISBN 978-9971-69-486-9. ISBN 978-9971-69-458-6.
 * Tumasik: Contemporary Writing from Singapore - Pang, Alvin (editor, 2010). Autumn Hill Books, USA. ISBN 978-098-43-0362-5.
 * The Epigram Books Collection of Best New Singaporean Short Stories: Volume One - Lundberg, Jason Erik (editor, 2013). Epigram Books, Singapore. ISBN 978-981-07-6234-6.
 * "Get Lucky: An Anthology of Philippine and Singapore Writings" - Contreras-Cabrera, Manuelita, Bravo-Dutt, Migs & Valles, Eric Tinsay (editors, 2015). Ethos Books, Singapore. ISBN 978-981-09-7247-9.
 * "UNION : 15 Years of Drunken Boat, 50 Years of Writing From Singapore" -Alvin Pang and Ravi Shankar (editors, 2015). Ethos Books, Singapore. ISBN 978-981-09-6489-4.
 * "Sg Poems 2015-2016" - Valles, Eric Tinsay, Chung, Ian, Tan Chee Lay, Chow Teck Seng, Ow Yeong Wai Kit, Azhar Ibrahim & K. Kanagalatha (editors, 2016). Ethos Books, Singapore. ISBN 978-981-11-1022-1.
 * "Anima Methodi" - Kon, Desmond & Valles, Eric Tinsay (editors, 2018). Squircle Line Press, Singapore. ISBN 978-981-11-8457-4.
 * "The Nature of Poetry" - Thumboo, Edwin & Valles, Eric Tinsay (editors, 2019). National Parks Board, Singapore. ISBN 978-981-14-1288-2.
 * "Get Luckier: An Anthology of Philippine and Singapore Writings II" - Bravo-Dutt, Migs, Betita de Guzman, Claire, Lee, Aaron and Valles, Eric Tinsay (editors, 2022). Poetry Festival Singapore, Singapore. ISBN 978-981-18-4934-3.

Malay

 * Dewi Alam Dan Burung Senja (collection of poems) - Noor SI (1986)
 * Jangan Tak Ada (collection of poems) - Muhammad Ariff Ahmad (1990)
 * Bunga Makna (collection of poems) - Ahmad Md Tahir (1990)
 * Diari Bonda (Mother's Diary) - Rohani Din (1997)
 * Anugerah Buat Syamsiah (An Award for Syamsiah) - Rohani Din (2001)
 * Bila Rama-Rama Patah Sayapnya (When The Butterfly Snaps Its Wings) - Mohamed Latiff Mohamed (2007)
 * Suasana Senja (Evening Environment) - Masuri SN (2001)
 * Petikan Rasa (Abstracts of Feelings) - Abdul Ghani Hamid (2007)
 * Perjalananku (My Journey) - Mohamed Latiff Mohamed & A. Samat Ali (2008)
 * Diari Hitam (Black Diary) - Mohamed Pitchay Gani Bin Mohamed Abdul Aziz(2008)
 * Aku Bukan Penyair (I Am Not A Poet) - Abdul Ghani Hamid (2008)
 * Kota Siluman (Siluman City) - Mohamed Pitchay Gani and Muhd Irwan Jamal (2008)
 * Mail Mau Kahwin (Mail Wishes To Get Married) - Muhammad Ariff Ahmad (2008)
 * Ayah Tidak Sayang Padaku Lagi (My Dad Does Not Love Me Anymore) - Rasiah Halil (2007)
 * Mencari Pelangi Malam (Finding The Night Rainbow) - Ahmad Awang (2002)
 * Menyongsong Pelangi (Chasing The Rainbow) - Pitchay Gani Bin Mohamed Abdul Aziz(2005)
 * Tuhan Masih Sayang (God Still Loves) - A. Wahab Hamzah (2002)
 * Bisik (Anthology of Malay Drama) - Teater Ekamatra (2003)
 * Tiga Visi (Anthology of Malay Drama) - Perkumpulan Seni (1990)
 * Puisi Luka dan Puisi Duka (Poems of Hurt and Sadness) - Suratman Markasan (2004)
 * Bicararasa (Speeches of Feel) - Sarifah Yatiman (2004)
 * Nota (Notes) - Abdul Ghani Hamid (1987)
 * Ziarah Rindu (Visits of Reminisce) - Mohamed Latiff Mohamed (2004)
 * Dari Dua Benua (From Two Ends) - Sulaiman Jeem and Muhd. Salihin Sulaiman (1999)
 * XXL - Anak Muda Julung Berkeris (XXL - Young Man With a Kris) - Juffri Supa'at (1999)
 * Yang Bilang - Rafaat Haji Hamzah (2007)(poem)
 * RESAN : Antologi Puisi & Cerpen Sayembara Noktah Putih 2008 (RESAN : Anthology of Poetry and Short Stories of White Down Writing Festival 2008) - Mohamed Pitchay Gani Bin Mohamed Abdul Aziz and Muhammad Jailani Abu Talib (2008)
 * Kasih Bunga Merah - Yazid Hussein (editor)(2008)(poem)
 * Teman Siber - Yazid Hussein (editor)(2008)(short stories)
 * Aku Ingin Menulis - Yazid Hussein (2008)(literary guide)
 * Kumpulan Cepen Satu Macam penyakit - Yazid Hussein (2009)(short stories)
 * Bisikan Nadim - Dari Skrip ke Pentas ke Naskhah - Yazid Hussein (2009)(playwright)
 * Kumpulan Drama D5D - Yazid Hussein (2010) (playwright)
 * Antologi Puisi Seloka Hari Berubah - Yazid Hussein, Norlila Abdul Ghani & Muhammad Hafiz Yusof (2010) (poem)
 * Dongeng Utopia: Kisah Cek Yah - Yazid Hussein (2011)(novel)
 * Penulis Penyusun Kalimat, Pembaca Pentafsir Amanat, Sama-Sama Meraih Manfaat Yazid Hussein (2011)(literary criticism and essay)
 * Koleksi Puisi : Susur Pendekar - Muhammad Jailani Abu Talib (2011)
 * Cahaya - Yazid Hussein (2012)(novel)
 * Aisberg Kesimpulan (collection of poems) - Ahmad Md Tahir (2013)
 * Rona Wicara (collection of essay) - T. Ahmad Mohamed @Ahmad Md Tahir (2016)
 * Daielogy (collection of anecdotes) - Serban Putih @Ahmad Mustaqim Ahmad (2016)
 * Terlena Di Salah Syurga (collection of anecdotes) - Serban Putih @Ahmad Mustaqim Ahmad (2018)
 * Ketika Hati Berfatwa (collection of anecdotes) - Serban Putih @Ahmad Mustaqim Ahmad (2019)

Chinese

 * 橡胶树 — 王润华(1997)
 * 甜咸人生 — 尤今(1982)
 * 众山围绕 — 刘瑞金(2001)
 * 老人题材 — 蓉子(2004)

Tamil

 * செம்பவாங் - கமலாதேவி அரவிந்தன் (2021)
 * Cantana Kinnam - I Ulaganathan (1966)
 * மனித உடம்பில் மாபெரும் சக்தி -  ச. செயரமன் (1996) / Yogic Powers of the Human Body - S. Jayaraman (1996)
 * திருவள்ளுவர் கண்ட உலகம் -  ச. செயரமன் / The World in the Eyes of Thiruvalluvar - S. Jayaraman, 1999
 * இறை நலம் -  ச. செயரமன் / Spiritual Health - S. Jayaraman (2006)
 * அன்பான வீடு அகிலம் புகழ் நாடு -  ச. செயரமன் / Beloved Home and a World Acclaimed Nation -  S. Jayaraman, 2006

Additional sources

 * Quayum, Mohammad A., (2002)Singaporean Literature in English: A Critical Reader. Malaysia: University Putra Malaysia Press, 2002. ISBN 983-2373-50-6.

title: Singaporean literature


text:
CBVX-FM

CBVX-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts Radio-Canada's Ici Musique network at 95.3 FM in Quebec City. The Class-C station broadcasts at 64.6 kilowatts from a transmitter at Mount Bélair.

title: CBVX-FM


text:
Talk:Manhunt (2004 TV series)

Untitled
The link is inappropriate.

A link leading to pornography does not make it "inappropriate"; if it was unrelated to the article, then it would be inappropriate, but it's directly related to the article and so it belongs. I do agree that a disclaimer of the content of the link needs to be added and so it has been. Pacian 04:22, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Lack of Information
I don't understand why the article only discusses the controversy surrounding the show. What about the actual show? Why hasn't it been described? Controversy is notable, but so is the actual tv series. Ryan 22:46, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

hope this page will be better than now
I put official site link for this page,and hope someone make this page more complete. Hans

Assessment comment
Substituted at 22:59, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Manhunt (2004 TV series)


text:
Adam Rich

Adam Rich (October 12, 1968 – January 7, 2023) was an American actor. He was best known for his portrayal of Nicholas Bradford, the youngest son on the television series Eight Is Enough, which ran for five seasons (1977–1981). Known for his pageboy haircut, Rich's character on the show led him to be known as "America's little brother".

Personal life
Rich was born on October 12, 1968, the son of Francine and Rob Rich. His family was Jewish. Growing up as a child actor, Rich lived in Granada Hills, Los Angeles, with his parents and younger brother. The family briefly lived in Florida where he learned how to act at the local gym. He was active in sports, including baseball, football, bicycle riding, skateboarding, and swimming. He also had an interest in drawing. At age 14, he tried smoking marijuana, and at 17, in 1986, he dropped out of high school. He almost died of a valium overdose in 1989. On April 16, 1991, he was arrested after a shoplifting spree on a pharmacy and a Bullock’s department store in Northridge, Los Angeles. He was released on bail, with Dick Van Patten paying his bail.

In 1996, there was a media hoax that Rich had been murdered; the story was published in the San Francisco-based magazine Might, with Rich's consent.

In 2002, Rich was arrested for driving under the influence (DUI). Rich had publicly discussed his experiences with depression and substance abuse in the months before he died and had a history of many drug rehabilitation stints and several overdoses. He tweeted in October 2022 that he had been sober for seven years after arrests. He urged his followers to never give up.

Career
Rich won the role of Nicholas on Eight is Enough at the age of eight. After Eight Is Enough, he had roles in Irwin Allen's short-lived 1981 TV series Code Red on ABC and the 1983 sitcom Gun Shy on CBS.

Rich made guest appearances on television series including The Love Boat, CHiPs, Fantasy Island, The Six Million Dollar Man, St. Elsewhere, and Baywatch. He also did voice work on the cartoon series Dungeons & Dragons, along with Eight Is Enough co-star Willie Aames.

Rich appeared in television commercials for Betty Crocker Snackin' Cake and Nabisco's Wheatsworth crackers.

Death
Rich died at his Los Angeles home on January 7, 2023, at the age of 54. The L.A. County Medical Examiner's autopsy report indicates the actor died from an accidental fentanyl overdose.

title: Adam Rich


text:
User:Daekharel/Legal

This page is for various legal notices, disclaimers, licenses, etc., regarding myself and my contributions to the Wikimedia Foundation's projects, primarily Wikipedia.

Public Domain
I agree to release my text and image contributions to Wikipedia and its sister projects, unless otherwise stated, into the public domain. Please be aware that other contributors might not do the same, so if you want to use my contributions under public domain terms, please check the Multi-licensing guide.

title: User:Daekharel/Legal


text:
User talk:Nova67

You 23:41, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nova67


text:
Lae Atoll

Lae Atoll (Marshallese: Lae, ) is a coral atoll of 20 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its total land area is only 1.5 km2, but it encloses a lagoon with an area of 17.7 km2. It is located approximately 47 km east of Ujae Atoll. The population of Lae Atoll was 133 in 2021. Its islands include Lae, Looj (Lotj), Bilalalon, Riblong (Ribon) and Lweijab (Lejab).

History
In early 1884, Japanese explorer and agent Suzuki Tsunenori was dispatched to Lae Atoll to investigate the murder of a Japanese sailor. When he arrived, he raised the national flag and claimed the island for Japan. However, he was ordered to return to the island to take down the flag, and the government made no formal gestures towards annexation of the islands. Lae Atoll was claimed by the German Empire along with the rest of the Marshall Islands in 1885. After World War I, the island came under the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan. Following the end of World War II, Lae came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. It has been part of the independent Republic of the Marshall Islands since 1986.

Education
Marshall Islands Public School System operates Lae Elementary School.

Kwajalein Atoll High School on Kwajalein serves the community.

title: Lae Atoll


text:
User talk:K1v1n

I've been away from Wikipedia actively for several years. Now that I have retired from NC State University I'm wanting to renew my Wikipedia skills and contribute more.

title: User talk:K1v1n


text:
CBRX-FM

CBRX-FM is a Canadian radio station which broadcasts SRC's Ici Musique network at 101.5 FM in Rimouski, Quebec.

The station launched as CJBR in 1947 and changed to its current callsign in the 1990s after receiving CRTC approval to broadcast at 101.5 MHz.

Transmitters
The station has rebroadcast transmitters in the following communities:
 * Matane - 107.5
 * Rivière-du-Loup - 90.7
 * Sept-Îles - 96.1

All three transmitters received CRTC approval in 2002.

title: CBRX-FM


text:
Likiep Atoll

Likiep Atoll (Marshallese: Likiep, ) is a coral atoll of 65 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands. It is approximately 55 km northwest of Wotje. Its total land area is only 10.26 km2, but that encloses a deep central lagoon of 424 km2. Likiep Atoll also possesses the Marshall Islands' highest point, an unnamed knoll 10 m above sea level. The population of Likiep Atoll was 228 in 2021.

History
The first recorded sighting by Europeans was by the Spanish expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos in January 1543. On 5 January 1565, its sighting was again recorded by the patache San Lucas, commanded by Alonso de Arellano, part of the Spanish expedition of Miguel López de Legazpi, which had by then separated from Legazpi's fleet. On 12 January 1565, it was Legazpi who arrived to Likiep Atoll and charted them as Los Corrales ("farmyards" in Spanish).

In 1877, Likiep Atoll was purchased by Georg Eduard Adolph Capelle, a German trader, and partner with whaler Anton Debrum in the trading firm Capelle & Co, which traded extensively in copra and marine products throughout Micronesia. Likiep Atoll was claimed by the German Empire along with the rest of the Marshall Islands in 1885. After World War I, the island came under the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan. The base became part of the vast US Naval Base Marshall Islands. Following the end of World War II, it came under the control of the United States, as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, until the independence of the Marshall Islands in 1986.

Debrum House (1890), on Likiep Island, is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Key islands
Key islands making up Likiep Atoll include:

 * Agony Island
 * Anal Island
 * Etoile Island
 * Tokaen Island

Education
Marshall Islands Public School System operates public schools:
 * Jebal Elementary School
 * Likieb Elementary School
 * Melang Elementary School

Northern Islands High School on Wotje serves the community.

title: Likiep Atoll


text:
Youth Chance High School

Youth Chance, or YCHS, is a small alternative high school for "at-risk" youth in San Francisco, California.

History
Youth Chance High School was founded in 1977 and is run and operated by the YMCA. The school accepts students ages 15 to 19 years old with a focus on students who have dropped out of other schools and whom have subsequently been referred by social service agencies, family members or the students themselves. The school works with a diverse student population, preparing them with the necessary academic skills to pass the GED and/or CHSPE (California High School Equivalency Exam). 97% of the student body are students of color, and all of the students qualify for free or reduced lunch.

title: Youth Chance High School


text: User talk:68.13.131.174

title: User talk:68.13.131.174


text:
Robert Adams

Robert, Bob or Bobby Adams may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Bob Adams (1874–1948), one half of American vaudeville duo The Two Bobs
 * Robert Adams (actor) (1906–1965), British Guyanese actor
 * Robert Adams (sculptor) (1917–1983), British sculptor and designer
 * Robert Adams (science fiction writer) (1933–1990), American science fiction and fantasy writer, best known for his Horseclans series
 * Robert Adams (photographer) (born 1937), American photographer
 * Robert 'Shellsuit Bob' Adams, fictional character in BBC Scotland's River City

Sportsmen

 * Bob Adams (1920s pitcher) (1901–1996), American League baseball pitcher
 * Bob Adams (1930s pitcher) (1907–1970), National League baseball pitcher
 * Bob Adams (footballer) (1917–1970), English footballer who played in the Football League for Bristol Rovers, Cardiff City and Millwall
 * Bobby Adams (1921–1997), Major League Baseball infielder
 * Bob Adams (decathlete) (1924–2019), Canadian decathlete
 * Robert Adams (rower) (born 1942), Canadian rower
 * Bob Adams (American football) (born 1946), American football tight end for several National Football League teams
 * Robert Adams (Australian footballer) (born 1949), Australian rules footballer
 * Bob Adams (first baseman) (born 1952), Major League Baseball utility player

Politicians

 * Robert H. Adams (1792–1830), US senator from Mississippi, 1830
 * Robert Patten Adams (1831–1911), puisne judge and politician in Tasmania, Australia
 * Robert Adams Jr. (1849–1906), member of the US House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, 1893–1906
 * Robert Adams, VI (1963–2019), lobbyist, political campaign manager and strategist

Others

 * Robert Adams (architect) (1540–1595), English architect
 * Robert Adams (sailor) (1790–?), American sailor and explorer
 * Robert Adams (physician) (1791–1875), Irish physician
 * Robert Adams (handgun designer) (1810–1880), British designer and manufacturer of firearms
 * Robert Dudley Adams (1829–1912), businessman in colonial Australia, and littérateur
 * Robert Adams II (1832–1882), cotton planter and officer in the army of the Confederate States of America
 * Sir Robert Bellew Adams (1856–1928), British general and 1897 recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Robert M. Adams (literary scholar) (1915–1996), American literary scholar
 * Robert McCormick Adams Jr. (1926–2018), American anthropologist
 * Robert Adams (spiritual teacher) (1928–1997), American teacher of Advaita Vedanta (Non-dualism)
 * Robert Merrihew Adams (born 1937), American philosopher
 * Rob Adams (architect) (born 1948), director of City Design, City of Melbourne, Australia
 * Bob Adams (road manager) (fl. 1960s–1981), British road manager
 * Bob Adams (electrical engineer) (fl. 1977–2018), American engineer

title: Robert Adams


text:
Tad Horino

Tadashi Horino (August 14, 1921 — October 3, 2002) was an American film and television actor.

Selected filmography
Tadashi Horino had an impressive career in film and television. He appeared in such films as The Kentucky Fried Movie, Go Tell the Spartans, Oh, God! Book II, Bachelor Party, Red Sonja, Remote Control, Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III, Surf Ninjas, Brother, Mulholland Drive and Kung Pow! Enter the Fist. On television he appeared in the shows I Spy, The Wackiest Ship in the Army, several episodes of Kung Fu, M*A*S*H, Mannix, Charlie's Angels, Wonder Woman, Night Court, Amazing Stories, and Tour of Duty, Columbo.

Death
Horino died in Los Angeles, California, at age 81.

title: Tad Horino


text:
Detchana Puthumai

The Detchana Puthumai tells us the situations of the South Land or Detchanam the center of Origin of Human Life according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the religious book of Ayyavazhi.

In Tamil, a South Indian ancient language, "Puthumai" means Miracle. It also means Newness. "Detchana" stands for "of the South"

title: Detchana Puthumai


text:
CKSB

CKSB may refer to:

 * CKSB-10-FM, a radio station (88.1 FM) licensed to St. Boniface, Manitoba, Canada
 * CKSB-FM, a radio station (89.9 FM) licensed to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

title: CKSB


text:
Namdrik Atoll

Namdrik Atoll or Namorik Atoll (Marshallese: Nam̧dik, ) is a coral atoll of two islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its total land area is only 2.8 km2, but it encloses a lagoon with an area of 8.4 km2. The atoll had a population of 299 at the 2021 census.

Namdrik Atoll is located approximately 145 km west-southwest of Jaluit, and 117 km northwest of Ebon Atoll. The atoll consists of two large wooded islets. The larger (also called Namorik) wraps around the central lagoon from the southwest to the northeast, while the smaller island closes off the northwest corner of the lagoon. A coral islet stands between them on the reef, with numerous black boulders. The very shallow lagoon is cut off from the sea by the drying coral reef. Boats can cross the reef with difficulty, at high water on the west side of the atoll.

Landing near the west side of Namorik Islet can be effected about 90 m south of it. There is no shelter during northeast winds, and it is dangerous with strong southwest winds when there is a heavy sea. There is a fringing reef which extends about 135 m in the vicinity of the landing place. There is a depth of about 1.2 m and there are rocks in places. Two stranded wrecks lie about 90 m off the south shore along the reef line. (Sailing Directions Pub-153)

History
In 1835, the captain and crew of the Whaling Ship Awashonks were killed by Namdrik Islanders. Namdrik Atoll was claimed by the German Empire along with the rest of the Marshall Islands in 1885. After World War I, the island came under the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan. Following the end of World War II, it came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands until the independence of the Marshall Islands in 1986.

Namdrik Atoll has a population of approximately 500. It is the smallest inhabited atoll in the Marshall Islands and consists of just two islands, Namdrik and Matemat. There are three churches, and one elementary school with approximately 200 students. The school employs about 9 teachers (K-8) and usually has a World Teach volunteer teacher to teach English as a Second Language. The atoll has an airstrip that receives an Air Marshall Islands flight once or twice a fortnight. Namdrik Atoll recently invested in pearl farming in the lagoon, and has received a grant from AusAid to buy machinery that turns copra into coconut oil. There is one truck on Namdrik that transports coconuts from around the island to the dock. There was no fighting on Namdrik Atoll during World War II.

Most buildings on Namdrik are powered by solar power, though there are a few generators on-island. A supply boat stops at Namdrik every month or two, with the large 'Field Trip Ships' usually stopping three times in a year. Ships cannot enter Namdrik's lagoon without banking on a reef, so unloading ships need to wait 'ocean side' for small Namdrik boats to travel between ship and shore to load and unload all of the goods.

Namdrik Atoll made international headlines in November 2011 when two fishermen from Kiribati turned up alive on the island after drifting for thirty-three days at sea.

The mayor of Namdrik Atoll is Mr. Clarence Luther. The recently deceased senator for Namdrik Atoll was Mattlan Zackhras.

Education
Marshall Islands Public School System operates Namdrik Elementary School. Students are zoned to Jaluit High School in Jaluit Atoll.

title: Namdrik Atoll


text:
User talk:Mgberman2000

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You 23:44, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Your edit was determined to be unhelpful and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Can't sleep, clown will eat me 07:25, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

May 2007
You should wait for others to write an article about subjects in which you are personally involved. This applies to articles about you, your achievements, your business, your publications, your website, your relatives, and any other possible conflict of interest.

Creating an article about yourself is strongly discouraged. If you create such an article, it might be listed on articles for deletion. Deletion is not certain, but many feel strongly that you should not start articles about yourself. This is because independent creation encourages independent validation of both significance and verifiability. All edits to articles must conform to No original research, Neutral point of view, and Verifiability.

If you are not "notable" under Wikipedia guidelines, creating an article about yourself may violate the policy that Wikipedia is not a personal webspace provider and would thus qualify for speedy deletion. If your achievements, etc., are verifiable and genuinely notable, and thus suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia, someone else will probably create an article about you sooner or later. (See Wikipedians with articles.)

This warning regards the article you've created, Soup Opera. MKoltnow 07:01, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on Soup Opera, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in Wikipedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you feel that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion. To do this, add  on the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag) and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. MKoltnow 07:03, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Please do not remove speedy deletion notices. Please use the template on the page instead if you disagree with the deletion.

Use hangon at the top of the article, then make your case on the article's talk page. Blogs do not count as sources, so be prepared with something substantial. Wikipedia is not a place to promote yourself. MKoltnow 07:20, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

If you have a close connection to some of the people, places or things you have written about, you may have a conflict of interest. In keeping with Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy, edits where there is a conflict of interest, or where such a conflict might reasonably be inferred from the tone of the edit and the proximity of the editor to the subject, are strongly discouraged. If you have a conflict of interest, you should avoid or exercise great caution when:
 * 1) editing articles related to you, your organization, or its competitors, as well as projects and products they are involved with,
 * 2) participating in deletion discussions about articles related to your organization or its competitors,
 * 3) linking to the Wikipedia article or website of your organization in other articles (see Spam);
 * and you must always:
 * 1) avoid breaching relevant policies and guidelines, especially neutral point of view, verifiability, and autobiography.

Accounts used solely for blatant self-promotion may be blocked indefinitely without further warning.

For more details, please read the Conflict of Interest guideline. --Dirk Beetstra T C 07:26, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mgberman2000


text:
CBCX-FM

CBCX-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts Radio-Canada's Ici Musique network at 89.7 FM in Calgary, Alberta. CBCX's studios are located in the Cambrian Wellness Centre, northwest of downtown Calgary, while its transmitter is located at Old Banff Coach Road and 85 Street Southwest in Calgary.

The station also has a class A rebroadcaster CBCX-FM-1 in Edmonton at 101.1 MHz, at 3,931 watts.

Both of the station's transmitters were licensed in 2002 and launched in early 2003.

On January 20, 2012, it was announced that Radio-Canada have plans to close down the AM transmitter of Edmonton's Première Chaîne outlet, CHFA, and swap frequencies between its nested repeater in Edmonton, CHFA-10-FM (101.1), and the much-stronger CBCX-FM-1 (90.1). This application was approved on June 22, 2012.

title: CBCX-FM


text:
Antwerp lace

Antwerp lace is a bobbin lace distinguished by stylized flower pot motifs on a six point star ground. It originated in Antwerp, where in the 17th century an estimated 50% of the population of Antwerp was involved in lace making. Antwerp lace is also known, from its familiar repeated motif, as Pot Lace— in Dutch Pottenkant or Potten Kant. It is sometimes said that the flowers were a depiction of the Annunciation lilies; however, the flowers were not limited to lilies.

It is a continuous lace, meaning that it was made in one piece on a lace pillow, using the same threads in the pattern as in the ground, or réseau. Antwerp lace is very similar to Mechlin lace, which was also made in Antwerp. Antwerp lace is heavier and sturdier than Mechlin lace. It has a cordonnet, or a flat thread outlining the pattern, just as Mechlin lace does. The cordonnet was very strong and rather coarse. Antwerp lace was also similar to Binche lace in its cordonnet. The réseau or ground for Antwerp lace varies from the same hexagonal ground as Mechlin lace to a tessellation-pattern featuring a six-pointed star.

History
Antwerp lace was being made during the 16th century. When the Dutch closed the river Scheldt to shipping in 1585 due to Antwerp falling under Spanish control, the production of Antwerp lace halted. By 1698 Antwerp lace was known in England. It first became popular as an export to the Spanish Indies, however when that market died the lace survived in traditional dress among the peasants near Antwerp. It was used mainly for trimming their hats throughout the 18th and 19th century.

title: Antwerp lace


text:
User talk:Gzv

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You 23:45, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Gzv


text: User talk:61.2.234.166

title: User talk:61.2.234.166


text:
Talk:Antwerp lace

[Untitled]
These lace articles are very tricky for someone who doesnt know about lace. Saying lace A is like lace B isnt too helpful. Surely there must be some examples that could be photographed to illustrate the differences? Victuallers (talk) 15:09, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Would external links to pictures help? That's all I can manage at this point. Loggie (talk) 15:17, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Antwerp lace


text:
Ujae Atoll

Ujae Atoll (Marshallese: Wūjae or Ujae, ) is a coral atoll of 15 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its total land area is only 1.86 km2, but it encloses a lagoon of 185.94 km2. It is located about 122 km west of Kwajalein Atoll.

History
In folklore, the Marshallese people have long considered the island to be home to timon (demons).

Its first recorded sighting was by the Spanish expedition of Álvaro de Saavedra on 21 September 1529. Another sighting was reported by the Spanish expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos in January 1543.

In 1885, the German Empire claimed Ujae Atoll along with the rest of the Marshall Islands. After World War I, the island came under the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan. The island became part of the vast US Naval Base Marshall Islands. Following the end of World War II, it came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands until the independence of the Marshall Islands in 1986.

The population of Ujae Atoll was 310 at the 2021 census.

Education
Marshall Islands Public School System operates Ujae Elementary School. Kwajalein Atoll High School on Kwajalein serves the community.

title: Ujae Atoll


text:
CBJX-FM

CBJX-FM is a French language radio station located in Saguenay, Quebec, Canada.

Owned and operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, it broadcasts on 100.9 MHz with an effective radiated power of 50,000 watts (class B) using an omnidirectional antenna.

The station has an ad-free music format featuring mostly classical music, jazz, world music and also other genres. It is part of the Ici Musique network (previously known, from 2004 to 2014 as Espace musique; and before September 2004, as La Chaîne culturelle when the format was more focused on classical music), which operates across Canada.

The station's call sign used to be CBJ-FM until 1999. At that time, that call sign started to be used by its sister station CBJ as it moved to FM; that station got the call sign CBJ-FM, and the old CBJ-FM thus had to change its own call sign.

CBJX-FM also has a rebroadcast transmitter in Dolbeau-Mistassini at 90.9 FM.

title: CBJX-FM


text:
7 Train

7 Train can refer to:
 * 7 (New York City Subway service)
 * 7 Subway Extension, added to this route in 2015
 * Paris Métro Line 7
 * Line 7, Moscow Metro
 * Line 7, Beijing Subway
 * Line 7, Shanghai Metro
 * Seoul Subway Line 7

title: 7 Train


text:
Battle of Homildon Hill

The Battle of Holmedon Hill or Battle of Homildon Hill was a conflict between English and Scottish armies on 14 September 1402 in Northumberland, England. The battle was recounted in Shakespeare's Henry IV, part 1. Although Humbleton Hill is the modern name of the site, over the centuries it has been variously named Homildon, Hameldun, Holmedon, and Homilheugh.

Background
During the time leading to the repudiation of the Truce of Leulinghem, both Kingdoms began to raid the other. On 22 June 1402, a small force backed by the Scots government, returning from one such raid, was attacked and defeated by George Dunbar, the Earl of March's son, at the Battle of Nesbit Moor, at which no quarter was given.

Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, arguably the most militarily powerful man in Scotland, and a key part of the Duke of Albany's administration, used the pretext of Nesbit Moor to lead a punitive expedition into England. With Murdoch of Fife, Albany's son, Douglas's army marched as far as Newcastle to avenge the battle. At the head of 10,000 men, he laid waste to the whole of Northumberland.

Battle
March persuaded Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, and his son Henry "Hotspur" to lie in wait for the returning Scots at Wooler. Once Douglas's men had made camp at Milfield, relatively low ground, the English army rushed to attack. The Scots, however, had keen sentries and the army was able to retreat to the higher ground of Homildon Hill and organise into traditional Schiltron formations; Douglas had not learned from the lesson of his great uncle's defeat at the Battle of Halidon Hill seventy years previously. The Schiltrons presented a large target for the English Longbowmen, and the formations started to break. A hundred men, under Sir John Swinton of the Swintons of that Ilk, chose to charge the enemy saying: "Better to die in the mellay than be shot down like deer". All perished. It has been suggested that Douglas hesitated to signal the advance of his main force, and when he did, it was too little too late. Douglas's mauled army met the as yet unbloodied English men at arms, and were routed. Many of Douglas's leading captains were captured, including his kinsman George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus, Thomas Dunbar, 5th Earl of Moray and Murdoch of Fife. Douglas himself was captured having been wounded five times, including the loss of an eye, despite the fact his armour had allegedly taken three years to make.

Aftermath
With so many of the Scots leaders and chivalry taken prisoner, Albany was left in a precarious position militarily if not politically. It was only due to King Henry's internal and Welsh problems that the English did not press home their victory with a full-scale invasion of Scotland. Henry IV was keen that so many able soldiers should not return to Scotland to fight against him, so refused to allow those who held noble captives to ransom them. This act became one of the many grievances that the Percys had with the Crown. In 1403 they allied themselves with Owain Glyndŵr, and went into open rebellion against the English king. Hotspur set his prisoners free, as there was by now no chance of remuneration for them, and many including Douglas decided to join forces with him. Indeed, Douglas fought, and was again badly wounded, at Hotspur's final fight at the Battle of Shrewsbury.

Sir John Mowbray of Barnbougle, Laird of Dalmeny, was knighted by Sir Thomas Erskine at the battle.

As recounted by Shakespeare
Here is a dear, a true industrious friend, Sir Walter Blunt, new lighted from his horse. Stain’d with the variation of each soil Betwixt that Holmedon and this seat of ours; And he hath brought us smooth and welcome news. The Earl of Douglas is discomfited: Ten thousand bold Scots, two and twenty knights, Balk’d in their own blood did Sir Walter see On Holmedon’s plains. Of prisoners, Hotspur took Mordake the Earl of Fife, and eldest son To beaten Douglas; and the Earl of Athol, Of Murray, Angus, and Menteith: And is not this an honourable spoil? A gallant prize? ha, cousin, is it not?

---Shakespeare, Henry IV, part 1, act 1, scene 1.

Notable casualties

 * Sir Adam de Gordon, Scottish Captain, killed in action.
 * Sir John Swinton, 14th of that Ilk, Scottish Captain, killed in action.
 * Sir John Livingstone of Callendar
 * Sir Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie

Notable captives

 * Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas
 * Murdoch Stewart, Earl of Fife
 * Thomas Dunbar, 5th Earl of Moray
 * George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus
 * Henry Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Orkney

Battle site
The site of the battle, Humbleton Hill, is now located within the Northumberland National Park. The hill contains the remains of an Iron Age hillfort at the summit, built some 1,500 years before the battle. During the medieval period the sides of the ruined fort were apparently used for summer settlements and sheep shelters.

The Battle Stone at was traditionally thought to commemorate the 1402 battle, but is actually a standing stone dating to the Bronze Age.

title: Battle of Homildon Hill


text:
Chigger (disambiguation)

Chiggers are tiny harvest mites, members of the family Trombiculidae, that can cause intense itching and dermatitis.

Chigger may also refer to:

 * Chigger (word), a Tasmanian synonym for the Australian word "bogan" (an unrefined or unsophisticated person)
 * Chigger bite or Trombiculosis, the rash caused by chiggers
 * Chigger Browne (1888–1955), American football player and track coach
 * Chigger flower, a species of milkweed native to eastern North America
 * Nesmith Chigger, a model of airplane
 * A satirical word on Chinese nationalism

title: Chigger (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Chigger (disambiguation)

I made a proposal on Talk:Chigger (arthropod) for how to simplify this. I think two disambigs for the same thing is a waste. - Taxman Talk 16:06, August 4, 2005 (UTC) Chiggers do not actually go into your skin.

"harvest mite" in the article should be linked to the wiki article "harvest mite"

Could this possibly also mean a derogatory term for a half black and half chinese person.162.83.160.14 04:23, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

It's a portmanteau of "chink" and "nigger", not "chinese" and "nigger". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.74.187.73 (talk) 12:15, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

I found this page confusing. There are two separate species being described, with information included that does not apply to both. As correctly stated by previous user above, the larval stage of the harvest mite do not burrow into the skin and lay eggs. Chigoe fleas do burrow into skin and the mature females lay eggs which drop to the ground. This page should merely direct people to the articles for each species: "Chigoe flea" and "Harvest mite", that accurately represent information for both species, and this page should simply state that both species may be commonly referred to as "chiggers". I've never done this before, so I apologize if this is not the appropriate way to go about this - I did not edit the entry. Saturday, 2008-03-22 23:40 UTC —Preceding unsigned comment added by Vanubo (talk • contribs)

Sorry, still trying to figure this out...This may help since I can't seem to get it right:

[1] Iowa State University Dept of Entomology, "chiggers"

[2] Parasitology Research & Encyclopedic Reference of Parasitology, Tunga penetrans  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Vanubo (talk • contribs) 23:59, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chigger (disambiguation)