text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Polish Wikipedians' notice board/Black Book

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was 8 Userfy, 20 DELETE. Moved to User:Halibutt/Black Book per first userfy vote. If Halibutt doesn't want it, he is free to mark it for speedy deletion or give it to someone else. Nohat 22:21, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Polish Wikipedians' notice board/Black Book
Voting summary: Oppose/Keep: 6; Userfy: 10; Delete: 20 Nohat 17:40, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * In a staggering display of anti-Polish sentiment, 83% vote for the page to be removed from the Wikipedia namespace, out of which 66% vote to delete it altogether. --Thorsten1 22:20, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I am fairly sure you are being sarcastic about "anti-Polish sentiment" in this case, but it is still interesting to me that there is strong majority to keep How to deal with Poles in its RFD. Dragons flight 22:53, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * I suppose there are two main reasons for the "keep" majority. For all I know, Metawiki is not anywhere near as popular as Wikipedia itself, so less people tend to pay attention to what's going on there in the first place, and even those who do are less inclined to get involved in a row, because it "matters less" - admittedly, that would include me. Another reason might be that How to deal with Poles passes as self-ironic Polish humour on Poles, even when its real subject are non-Poles. Needless to say, you were right about my being sarcastic. :-) --Thorsten1 07:45, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

If there are complaints about someone's behaviour, take it to RFC. --W(t) 23:47, 2005 Jun 12 (UTC)

 * Oppose The very point of that archive is to avoid starting the painful RFC, AtbCom or any other process. As a part of the Polish wikipedians' notice board, this place is intended as an archive of disputes, where other contributors (in most cases without much consideration or conscience, I believe), accuse people of nationalism or bias solely because they are Poles. While such behaviour surely deserves RFC, we decided that trying to talk things over before we start listing all the wrongdoings, gathering support and all that, would be much better. Also, if the disputed part is unrelated with the dispute itself (that is if the nationalist remarks are not relevant to article content disputes, then it would be much better to keep it out of the talk pages. Finally, as the recent problem with Nohat showed, taking such things to user talk pages doesn't work since in most cases such remarks are either treated as offensive or simply erased, without comment. Halibutt 23:58, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy to User:Halibutt/Black Book and delete redirect from project space. Seems to be Halibutt's list and he's entitled to track edits he wants to use for communicating with the editors in question.  On a side-note, I applaud Halibutt's concern to avoid undue escalation of his disputes with other users.  Clarification: delete is okay too.  Keep would be wrong. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 03:24, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose--Witkacy 00:11, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This page is a kangaroo court, conjured into existence solely to vilify me. Remove personal attacks. Nohat 00:13, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Lol. Ever heard of illusions de grandeur, Nohat? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 09:42, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The page did not exist until Witkacy decided Nohat was guilty of "anti-Polish behaviour" for removing the Polish name of Kiev from the first line of that article. Therefore Nohat's assertion that the page was conjured into existence solely to vilify him is accurate, and no illusion. (And people who grant themselves the title "Prokonsul" should be careful accusing other people of having illusions of grandeur.) --Angr/undefined 13:07, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ..for removing the Polish name in Kiev article..? (hmm?) For that anti-Polish remark: --Witkacy 15:31, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * That Nohat has the dubious privilege of being the first person on this list is only an accident of timing, not any part of anti-Nohat conspiracy. As for my nick - which I don't think is an issue here - dear anon 'Angr' user - it is a tribute to the poem by Zbigniew Herbert Return of the Proconsul (Polish: Powrót Prokonsula) Unfortunately, I know of no English online translation of the poem, but if anything, it is a warning of danger of such illusions, not an endorsment :) --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 14:00, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, I'm not finding anything anti-Polish in what Nohat wrote. It seems remarkable to me that he should be listed, and not, say, Zivinbudas, who really does make extremely vitriolic anti-Polish remarks. But either way I don't think it's in the spirit of assuming good faith or harmonious cooperation to keep a list of every editor who's ever said something that has annoyed a Polish editor. It puts me in mind of the Lord High Executioner from The Mikado. --the non-anonmyous Angr/undefined 06:55, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - let's at least give this page a try. If it really proves to be harmful, it can be deleted.  For now, I don't see any problem.  This is not a page conjured to vilify anyone, certainly not Nohat who just happened to be the first name on this list. Still, if some users have a problem with the name Black Book, I would have no problem in changing it to something more acceptable. Balcer 01:24, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * move stuff to someone's userspace where it can be kept under any name the user likes. Certainly Delete from wikiproject's space. -Irpen 03:40, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy. Attack page.  Unacceptable use of the Wikipedia space.  RickK 04:38, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete a POV attack page. JamesBurns 05:11, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * How can you possibly say that you wish to avoid RfC or arbcom then make a list of accusations? i think Userfy is the best option here. If it develops further, take it to RfC. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 06:27, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy per RickK. --Angr/undefined 07:09, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy per what others have said -CunningLinguist 07:50, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or userfy if there is no consensus on relevant main page (Polish Wikipedians Notice Board) to keep it. This page is not designed as attack, simply as collection of evidence and trivia. What rule states that one cannot copy and collect chosen remarks of other users? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 09:42, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but rewrite and rename. For now, I suggest everyone should Assume good faith, and they should let the page develop. If the page does become a problem, this issue can be returned to some time later. On the other hand, I think that the rhetoric on the page should be toned down, and it should be made very clear from the start of the page that the purpose of the page is to defuse conflicts and avoid more formal dispute resolution such as WP:RFC and WP:RFAR, and it should make it very clear that the page is not the start of some hit list or enemies list. Blank Verse   ∅   13:18, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy. This is a troubling page because it could quite easily be a forum for personal attacks, but some of the problems for the Polish users do seem on the surface to be genuine. However I don't think it should be in the Wikipedia: namespace. David | Talk 14:54, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is very nearly a duplication of RfC, but with an added assumption of anti-Polish bias against the accused.  (Quote: "This page is intended as a tool and an archive of such anti-Polish bias.") Dealing with perceived anti-Polish bias by encouraging Polish Wikipedians to pile on to other editors is not a useful dispute resolution step. --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 16:18, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The very idea of a list of percieved ills and biased Wikipedians is incompatible with the declared purpose "to [constructively] communicate with the offending users".  Smacks of water cooler gossip for a community to create a page to detail the failings of people they don't like.  Go talk to the other users, don't create a forum for publicly ridiculing your opponents.  I would feel far more tolerant to this discussion page if it were framed as concerning one set of percieved problems, e.g. Nohat, rather than framed as the place we go to "archive" all "anti-Polish behavior".  Dragons flight 18:32, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree completely with TenOfAllTrades and Dragons flight. Eugene van der Pijll 18:52, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The stated purpose of that page would better be served by WP:RFC, and the current use of that page is as an attack page. --Carnildo 18:57, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Halibutt argues above: "The very point of that archive is to avoid starting the painful RFC, AtbCom or any other process." I can't see at all how a page like this is supposed to achieve this noble goal, or any other constructive goal for that matter. It is not designed to help establish a consensus, but to polarise. It serves as a soapbox for letting of steam on, discharging emotional frustration by pillorying opponents who one should rather deal with on a factual level.
 * Its mission statement, as worded in the page itself and above, is to archive "disputes, where other contributors [...] accuse people of nationalism or bias solely because they are Poles.", the underlying assumption being that "[m]any Wikipedians assume bad faith solely because the wikipedians they oppose are Polish."
 * I do not doubt that such cases do occur; but such statements are rarely made to one's face. Thus, that someone disagrees with another person only because of national resentment can only be inferred. With the odd exception, such motives cannot be proven - but neither can they be disproved, which makes it virtually impossible to defend oneself against such claims. That is why insinuations like that are poison to any reasonable debate, as they are about a person rather than just about an argument. To make it worse, as Halibutt says, "[s]uch views are promoted by numerous people here, whether conscient or not " [emphasis added], meaning that even when someone thinks they are not guided by national resentment, they are possibly just not aware of it.
 * Let's assume someone says "2x2=4" and I go and tell them "you really mean 2x2=5, you just don't know you do". Or, to be more precise, A says "2x2=5", B says "2x2=4" (or vice versa) and A replies "you only say so because you hate me". B then replies "I don't hate you, I just don't agree", against which A uses the ultimate killer argument "you do hate me, you just don't know it". Such pretensions not only do not conduce to, but effectively forestall any amicable settlement (or "załatwienie polubowne", as Halibutt called it on User talk:Piotrus). And they are certainly more "painful" than any request for comments or arbitration could ever be.
 * Of course, they are unfortunately ubiquitous, Wikipedia being no exception - but that is no justification to spread them any further. If we allow a page like this to stay live in the Wikipedia namespace, it sets an example that others are going to follow before too long: Jewish editors might claim a right to set up a similar combined soapbox/pillory for alleged ("latent") anti-Semites (such as Poles), Americans for anti-Americans (such as French), Armenians for anti-Armenians (such as Turks) etc. We shouldn't allow that to happen. If there are conflicts, let's try and solve them on the talk pages, or in arbitration if necessary, as tedious as this may be.
 * While I think that the page is within the limits of what is commonly accepted for user pages, I would nonetheless vehemently advise anyone against userfying it - as it would cast a very poor light on the person hosting it. IMHO, Deleting this is the only sound option. --Thorsten1 19:15, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete No possible use but as an attack page, whether against one person or many. If you have a problem with someone, take it up with them or take it to RfC.  --Xcali 19:57, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Userfy if someone care's to(However, I agree with Thorsten about it making the hoster look bad; however, that's why it should be in User space, so a single user not a group can be held accountable for it). JesseW 22:40, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as an attack page, userfy if there is no consensus to delete. Martg76 22:42, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; Userfy if no consensus to delete. If you feel someone's conduct merits public discussion, start an RfC, which gives him/her a clear opportunity to respond. I disagree with the characterization above of the RfC process as inherently "painful": it's only painful if it is used as a form of attack. -- Jmabel | Talk 02:34, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * The difference is that the very point of RfC and ArbCom is to force the sides to obey some rules or agree to a solution of the problem. In other words, it means that in most cases reporting users on WP:RfC is equal to requesting their punishment or a ban. It is not the best way such problems should be dealt with, I believe. Asking the ArbCom to block people solely because they make nationalist remarks seems like the worst possible option to make them reconsider their views or apologise. But perhaps it's just me. Halibutt 11:30, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Note that RfC is just that: a request for comment. RfC is—or is supposed to be—an opportunity for different sides of a dispute to present their concerns and criticisms, and to seek community opinion.  (Here, community refers to all Wikipedians, and not just Polish ones.)  There is no mechanism for binding arbitrated settlements within RfC itself; it is meant to report and describe the disputed behaviour and seek outside comment.  Any resolution achieved through RfC is enforced through social pressure alone.  The ArbCom is not involved in the RfC process, and does not impose blocks, bans, or other restrictions.  In other words, RfC is supposed to be all the things that you've described the Black Book as. --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 12:46, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Come on guys. Talking is a Polish way of dealing with problems. This is true that there is a considerable number of anti-Polish biased comments on Wikipedia. If we start reporting them all on RfC you will say that Poles just make a fuss. But the problem will remain. I really don’t see a difference between a comment made in face of someone and a generalisation, if the comment itself refers to all the people of one nation. As I understand, Witkacy tried so far all the possible methods to solve the problem except RfC. Now comes the time for discussion. Please, do not underestimate the value of our discussions, after all our talks were one of the main causes of failure of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. Please, do not assume bad will or that the talks will not be constructive. Give this page a chance. I really think it’s important to talk things out before reporting them to the highest stage. Why the page is here? Because it concerns all the Poles, not just Witkacy. However, if you insist on moving this page, I would readily offer to be its host, and no, I would not consider myself put in a bad light by defending the good name of my folks, Thorsten1. I don’t know, why you assume that everyone, who would not agree with a Pole, would be there, as I understand the dissidence of opinions is not the subject of this page. I also want to remind that this page was not established against any group of people or single persons. If there is any thing in initial description you find improper, please, be constructive and suggest your changes, but do not dismiss the entire idea. As the title appeared objectionable, may I propose mine “Night talks of Poles” instead? --SylwiaS 04:20, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry Sylwia, but I can't agree. At the risk of repeating myself, I fail to see how this page is supposed to help find a consensus: Offenders who find themselves pilloried will be even less likely to play nice; if anything, they will become more defiant.
 * You say that "Talking is a Polish way of dealing with problems." Fine, but talking is also a Polish way (not only a Polish way, of course) of creating problems - this page and discussion being a textbook example...
 * You said you "don’t know, why you assume that everyone, who would not agree with a Pole, would be there". Let me try and explain this once again: If I am not mistaken, the whole trouble began when Nohat mentioned the mere existence of Polish nationalists; he did not say anything like "all Poles are nationalists". This statement was all it took to get him blacklisted as a Polonophobe here. From this it follows logically that anyone who does not believe that the Polish nation, as about the only nation in the world, has not produced any nationalism at all, is a Polonophobe. Anyone who does not promulgate the opinion that all Poles are angelic creatures, innocent of any wrong-doing by definition, runs the risk of finding themselves in your "Black Book".
 * You say that "there is a considerable number of anti-Polish biased comments on Wikipedia". Fair enough, but then there is a considerable number of "anti-anything biased comments" on Wikipedia; Poles are by no means the only ones to suffer under biased or unfair comments. Why, there are even Polish "anti-Rest of World biased comments" (Western betrayal anyone?;-)) In response to this, should we really all form cosy national corrals in which we can whine about the wickedness of the outside world? Should we backbite and stigmatise our opponents as anti-whatever-ists from some collective soap-box?
 * You appeal to the principle of assuming good faith regarding this page - this is absurd, as the page itself is an instutionalisation of assuming bad faith in other users. You say you "would not consider [your]self put in a bad light by defending the good name of [your] folks". Well, the conviction that you constantly need to "defend the good name of your folks" seems to be a part of the problem here, rather than a part of the solution, but that's not really the issue. I am not surprised that you  would not consider yourself to be in a bad light - but that's not issue, either. The issue is that others may see you in a bad light, and, to make matters worse, might identify you with "your folks" on behalf of whom you claim to be speaking. Thus, if the comments of the non-Polish users in this vote are any indication, I feel that this page is going to accomplish the very opposite of its stated purpose, i.e. to "defend the good name of the Poles". Finally, to legitimise a page like this by sublime appeals to the Polish merits in overthrowing communism smacks of exactly what makes less Polonophile people shake their heads in wonderment. I really think that removing this page would be a win-win solution for all parties: both for the "good name" of the Poles, and for Wikipedia at large. --Thorsten1 22:15, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Thorsten, you fail to see..? Yes, I’m afraid you are. Simply because you didn’t give this page a chance. Instead you wrote a long "proof" of all the evil, which according to you hides behind it. We say that a devil has big eyes, you managed to prove it, I grant you. I am sure that Poland as every country has its nationalists, there is nothing to argue about (however it was not, what Nohat said, though I can assume, he didn’t mean it). Moreover, if I thought that the issue of the page was as you described it, I would never give it my support. The problem of this discussion is elsewhere. There was nothing in intentions of this page, what you wrote about, but you chose to see it differently. Are those facts of just your assumptions? May I just ask few questions? 1. “Offenders who find themselves pilloried will be even less likely to play nice; if anything, they will become more defiant.” How do you know we would? Very likely we would decide to ignore such offends in future. 2. “talking is also a Polish way of creating problems” well, I agree, there wouldn’t be biased anti-Polish comments if there were no Poles. Can you give a real example of a real problem? 3. Do you think it possible to give people, who find themselves lost in discussion, several examples of better counterarguments than calling their advisors nationalists? 4. Western betrayal. Can you tell exactly what makes you so uneasy about it? You just made me read the latest discussion there. Many Poles giving their opinions, bringing facts, but no name calling. So is the title so hurtful or the existence of the unpleasant history itself? BTW I read your comments there and once again I cannot agree. Sorry, but one cannot discuss with history by saying, what if… Were there really plans of using a nuclear bomb in Poland or is that just one more black scenario? We don’t know, what Poles would do? Well, we certainly know, what they did, as well as what the West did. Can you at least see that going this way of thinking we might say: How do we know that Jews or Poles wouldn’t create extermination camps, if they were in Nazi’s place? Whatever question we might ask, those things never happened, therefore are no good arguments against facts. But never mind. Question 5. “the conviction that you constantly need to "defend the good name of your folks"” Why constantly? Can you tell, what do you mean? 6. “The issue is that others may see you in a bad light”. That’s exactly to what I said before that I wouldn’t care. Don’t you think?

 * As to the rest of your message, I refuse to answer. I read it couple times and I sincerely hope you didn’t mean it, you didn’t want to say such things. What I asked for, was just giving this page a chance, without prejudices, without black scenarios foreseeing things, which were no one’s intention. What I was given instead was a saddening message of your prejudiced feelings about Poles. Once again, no single fact, just a very unpleasant narration about your picture of us. It was enough to say that you oppose and spare me the rest, really. I am a Pole. Please, accept my best wishes. --SylwiaS 05:00, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Sylvia, I think there is no point in prolonging this; all points have been stated clearly and the argument is by now going round in circles. Your response shows that you have been misinterpreting several of my statements, some deliberately and apparently in attempt to add fuel to the fire, others perhaps involuntarily. And some of your statements leave me utterly confused: How do Nazis, Jews, and nuclear bombs come into this? If you have something to say on Western betrayal, please do so at Talk:Western betrayal. I merely mentioned that article as an example that some Polish editors are arguably also affected by bias - not because I wanted to enter any debate here. As for your declared good intentions, I can well imagine that neither you nor anybody else who got involved with this page actually realised they were doing anything ungood - after all, I do assume good faith. Alas, your good intentions do not alter the fact that, by now, the overwhelming majority of the votes consider this page a display of bad faith. Of course, you may put that fact down to everyone here being a closet Polonophobe, if you really can't think of another explanation. Finally, I wonder where you see "a saddening message of [my] prejudiced feelings about Poles" and, "once again", "a very unpleasant narration about [my] picture of [Poles]". I do not remember ever making any generalised statements about Poles (or any other nation or collectivity, for that matter). But probably I'm just not aware of my anti-Polish sentiments, right? So if you wish, go ahead and add me to your blacklist while the fun lasts. --Thorsten1 22:09, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with you, it's best to end this discussion. Glad that we all do assume good faith - after all. --SylwiaS 00:36, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, the Black Book is a bit of an overkill. In the case the page is preserved in some form I definetly support a name change to something less agressive. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 07:12, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * To paraphrase Juliet, a piece of shit by any other name would still smell like a piece of shit. Nohat 08:14, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete, personal attack magnet. Radiant_ >|< 15:14, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment, I have nominated How to deal with Poles for deletion. Comments on this should be made at meta:RFD.  Dragons flight 16:49, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Userify with prejudice. Blacklists outside established procedures are completely unacceptable in Wikipedia namespace. If anybody wants to keep this in their personal space and be that closely associated with it, be our guest, as far as I'm concerned, but do expect people to judge you by it. Zocky 22:57, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with extreme prejudice as inappropriate for what is effectively a "WikiProject" by another name. Should every "Nationality Wikipedians' notice board" keep a "Black Book" of those Wikipedians perceived as being prejudiced? We'd be over-run. --Phil | Talk 12:41, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is effectively a project to collect potential incriminating evidence. Such a project should only be undertaken when the dispute resolution process is being used, or the evidence may be gathered on a user subpage prior to pursuing a particular avenue of dispute resolution. If someone cares to volunteer to host this in their user space, I suppose that could be considered, but it does not belong where it is now. --Michael Snow 21:05, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy per RickK. Fjl 13:57, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Does not help us write an encyclopedia. The name alone indicates that it is a bad faith effort. If there are problems with specific editors then there are existing methods for dispute resolution. -Willmcw 20:40, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Userfy. Agree with everything said above -- if someone's being anti-Polish and it's disrupting the Wikipedia, take it to arbitration so that the racist can be banned.  That's not clogging up RfAr, that's what the arbitration committee is supposed to do: ban disruptive and unpleasant people.   Tuf-Kat 21:21, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Omegatron 01:24, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Chris 73 Talk 15:29, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with extreme prejudice as per, um, everyone else, all good points made here. This is a ridiculous project. Ever heard "two wrongs don't make a right"? Well by (misconstruing?) their edits as racist you are breaching WP:NPA. Calling someone a racist could be quite an insult if that wasn't what they were intending. We do not allow racism, but nor can we let you create this little political-correctness bubble around yourselves if it is being done at the cost of WP:NPA. Master Thief GarrettTalk 02:39, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
6 Train

6 Train can refer to:
 * 6 (New York City Subway service)
 * Paris Métro Line 6
 * Line 6 (Beijing Subway)
 * Line 6 (Shanghai Metro)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 6 Train


text:
5 Train

5 Train may refer to:
 * 5 (New York City Subway service)
 * Line 5 Blue (Montreal Metro)
 * Line 5, Beijing Subway
 * Line 5, Shanghai Metro
 * Paris Métro Line 5

title: 5 Train


text:
Utirik Atoll

Utirik Atoll or Utrik Atoll (Marshallese: Utrōk, ) is a coral atoll of 10 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its total land area is only 0.94 sqmi, but it encloses a lagoon with an area of 22.29 sqmi. It is located approximately 47 km east of Ujae Atoll. The population of Utirik Atoll was 264 at the 2021 census. It is one of the northernmost Marshall Islands with permanent habitation.

The larger islets are:
 * Utirik (Utrōk )
 * Aon (Aon )
 * Bikrak (Pekrak )
 * Pike (Pike )
 * Āllok (Āllok )
 * Nalap (Ņa-ļap )

History
Historical artifacts have been unearthed on the Atoll which date back to ca. 380 C.E., including tools likely used by early Micronesian peoples. Its first recorded sighting was by the Spanish navigator Álvaro de Saavedra on board the ship Florida on 29 December 1527. Together with Rongelap, Ailinginae and Toke atolls, they were charted as Islas de los Reyes (Islands of the Three Wise Kings in Spanish) due to the proximity of Epiphany. Utirik Atoll was claimed by the German Empire along with the rest of the Marshall Islands in 1885. After World War I, the island came under the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan. Following the end of World War II, Utirik came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Utirik was one of four atolls affected by nuclear fallout from Castle Bravo, the largest of the many nuclear weapon tests conducted at Bikini Atoll immediately following World War II. Research is still being done to ascertain the radiation levels, though many scientists agree that there is no harmful effect from the radiation still present. The island has been part of the independent Republic of the Marshall Islands since 1986.

Education
Marshall Islands Public School System operates Utrik Elementary School. Northern Islands High School on Wotje serves the community.

Temperature record
On 24 August 2016, Utirik Atoll recorded a temperature of 35.6 C, which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in the Marshall Islands.

title: Utirik Atoll


text:
4 Train

4 Train may refer to:
 * 4 (New York City Subway service)
 * Yellow Line (Montreal Metro), also known as Line 4
 * Paris Métro Line 4
 * Line 4 (Beijing Subway)
 * Line 4 (Shanghai Metro)

title: 4 Train


text:
ElGamal signature scheme

The ElGamal signature scheme is a digital signature scheme which is based on the difficulty of computing discrete logarithms. It was described by Taher Elgamal in 1985.

The ElGamal signature algorithm is rarely used in practice. A variant developed at the NSA and known as the Digital Signature Algorithm is much more widely used. There are several other variants. The ElGamal signature scheme must not be confused with ElGamal encryption which was also invented by Taher Elgamal.

Overview
The ElGamal signature scheme is a digital signature scheme based on the algebraic properties of modular exponentiation, together with the discrete logarithm problem. The algorithm uses a key pair consisting of a public key and a private key. The private key is used to generate a digital signature for a message, and such a signature can be verified by using the signer's corresponding public key. The digital signature provides message authentication (the receiver can verify the origin of the message), integrity (the receiver can verify that the message has not been modified since it was signed) and non-repudiation (the sender cannot falsely claim that they have not signed the message).

History
The ElGamal signature scheme was described by Taher Elgamal in 1985. It is based on the Diffie–Hellman problem.

Operation
The scheme involves four operations: key generation (which creates the key pair), key distribution, signing and signature verification.

Key generation
Key generation has two phases. The first phase is a choice of algorithm parameters which may be shared between different users of the system, while the second phase computes a single key pair for one user.

Parameter generation

 * Choose a key length $$N$$.
 * Choose a $$N$$-bit prime number $$p$$
 * Choose a cryptographic hash function $$H$$ with output length $$L$$ bits. If $$L > N$$, only the leftmost $$N$$ bits of the hash output are used.
 * Choose a generator $$g < p$$ of the multiplicative group of integers modulo p, $$Z_p^*$$.

The algorithm parameters are $$(p, g)$$. These parameters may be shared between users of the system.

Per-user keys
Given a set of parameters, the second phase computes the key pair for a single user: $$x$$ is the private key and $$y$$ is the public key.
 * Choose an integer $$x$$ randomly from $$\{ 1 \ldots p-2 \}$$.
 * Compute $$y := g^x \bmod p$$.

Key distribution
The signer should send the public key $$y$$ to the receiver via a reliable, but not necessarily secret, mechanism. The signer should keep the private key $$x$$ secret.

Signing
A message $$m$$ is signed as follows: The signature is $$(r,s)$$.
 * Choose an integer $$k$$ randomly from $$\{ 2 \ldots p-2 \}$$ with $$k$$ relatively prime to $$p-1$$.
 * Compute $$ r := g^k \bmod p$$.
 * Compute $$ s := (H(m)-x r)k^{-1} \bmod (p-1)$$.
 * In the unlikely event that $$s=0$$ start again with a different random $$k$$.

Verifying a signature
One can verify that a signature $$(r,s)$$ is a valid signature for a message $$m$$ as follows:
 * Verify that $$0<r<p$$ and $$0<s<p-1$$.
 * The signature is valid if and only if $$ g^{H(m)} \equiv y^r r^s \pmod p.$$

Correctness
The algorithm is correct in the sense that a signature generated with the signing algorithm will always be accepted by the verifier.

The computation of $$s$$ during signature generation implies
 * $$ H(m) \, \equiv \, x r + s k \pmod{p-1}.$$

Since $$g$$ is relatively prime to $$p$$,

\begin{align} g^{H(m)} & \equiv g^{xr+sk} \pmod p\\ & \equiv (g^{x})^r (g^{k})^s \pmod p\\ & \equiv (y)^r (r)^s \pmod p.\\ \end{align} $$

Security
A third party can forge signatures either by finding the signer's secret key x or by finding collisions in the hash function $$H(m) \equiv H(M) \pmod{p-1}$$. Both problems are believed to be difficult. However, as of 2011 no tight reduction to a computational hardness assumption is known.

The signer must be careful to choose a different k uniformly at random for each signature and to be certain that k, or even partial information about k, is not leaked. Otherwise, an attacker may be able to deduce the secret key x with reduced difficulty, perhaps enough to allow a practical attack. In particular, if two messages are sent using the same value of k and the same key, then an attacker can compute x directly.

Existential forgery
The original paper did not include a hash function as a system parameter. The message m was used directly in the algorithm instead of H(m). This enables an attack called existential forgery, as described in section IV of the paper. Pointcheval and Stern generalized that case and described two levels of forgeries:

 * 1) The one-parameter forgery. Select an $$e$$ such that $$1 < e < p-1$$. Set $$r := g^e y \bmod{p}$$ and $$s := -r \bmod{(p-1)}$$. Then the tuple $$(r,s)$$ is a valid signature for the message $$m = es \bmod{(p-1)}$$.
 * 2) The two-parameters forgery. Select $$1 < e,v < p-1$$, and $$\gcd (v,p-1)=1$$. Set $$r := g^e y^v \bmod{p}$$ and $$s := -rv^{-1} \bmod{(p-1)}$$. Then the tuple $$(r,s)$$ is a valid signature for the message $$m = es \bmod{(p-1)}$$. The one-parameter forgery is a special case of the two-parameter forgery, when $$v = 1$$.

title: ElGamal signature scheme


text:
Talk:National Council of Churches/Archive 1

Old discussion
It is not "vandalism" to state the obvious, that the NCC is a left-wing religious (or Religious Left) organization. The Christian Coalition is described as a conservative organization on its page, which it is, so this page should be equally honest and describe the NCC for what it is. Honesty is not "vandalism." Cryptico 12 June 2005

 * Christian Coalition website proclaims its conservatism. Thus the statement there is not a judgement. NCC does not claim that it is left wing, and many of its members would deny this. Earlier statement about attitudes of others was fair in indicating their judgement. Paul foord 02:00, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Yes, and Bill Moyers claims to be an "objective" journalist, and the Fox News Channel claims to be "fair and balanced." If a tobacco company advertised its product as "health food," would the Wikipedia site be obligated to do so as well? That a left-wing organization like NCC denies it has a political agenda, while the Christian Coalition acknowledges it does have a political agenda, only shows the the CC is a more honest organization than the NCC is. The NAACP and NOW (which NCC supports) deny they're ideological, as well. I guess you believe what they say?

Here's a link for you: http://ncccusa.org/assembly/aftext.htm Since when did supporting affirmative action become a non-partisan, non-ideological stance? You mean, just like the CC's opposition to abortion is a non-ideological stance? Do you beleive the Bible, which the NCC has re-written using pro-feminist language, states support for affirmative action?

 * Cryptico 18 June 2005

Antiochian church
This part at best poorly worded and possibly wrong: "It was later determined that the Antiochian Church left because of disagreements with its sister communions over issues of human sexuality." I don't think you can call the other members to the NCC "sister" communions if they are not Orthodox. I would avoid the brother/sister analogy between member churches. It it very confusing. The sentence sounds like it means there is a disagreement between Antioch and other Orthodox churches.

Here is the exact statement: “Unfortunately, the NCC USA started to adopt an agenda and positioning that appeared to depart from the primary purpose of spreading and witnessing the gospel of Jesus Christ,” Father George Kevorkian, Assistant to Metropolitan Philip Saliba - the denomination's senior cleric – told the Christian Post in early August. “It seems to have taken a turn toward political positioning.” from http://www.christianpost.com/article/20050930/3876_NCC_Speaks_Out_About_Withdrawal_of_Orthodox_Church.htm and this should probably be used instead.

24.205.66.2 12:53, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Thank you for finding this. Article corrected. Lewis Collard 16:31, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

The constant re-editing of this page to insert outrageous right-wing attacks against this organization and its character is disturbing. Wikipedia's credibility as a source of reliable information is being destroyed by such activity. An organization ought to be able to define and describe its own program without being subject to such electronic vandalism. These attacks do indicate that the National Council of Churches is an important entity doing important work, else why would the vandals make such elaborate efforts to smear its reputation? On the other hand, maybe their vandalism merely represents idle hands without enough significant work to do... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 65.219.253.17 (talk • contribs).
 * You could document statements, rather than merely calling them "outrageous right-wing attacks". I could call your approach of deleting a whole load of criticism (which is NOT limited to "right-wingers", theological conservatives, whatever, but you removed that too) could just as easily be called "left-wing whitewashing", and I'd be even more correct in doing so. I've repaired a bunch of your edits, as explained below (or will be shortly). Also, sign your comments with four tildes (~) so I don't have to. With love, Lewis Collard 03:19, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * And in addition, use edit summaries. I usually treat removal of huge chunks of text as vandalism. Lewis Collard 03:33, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Explanation for recent changes
I've changed the text in a bunch of places following changes from [User:65.219.253.17|65.219.253.17]]:
 * the section named "Public Witness" has been un-renamed to "political activities". This is an objective summary of what such activities are. "Public Witness" is a value judgment that is not appropriate.
 * A short summary of criticism of the RSV and NRSV has been restored, though in a different form. Let's not pretend that the RSV and NRSV are less controversial than they actually are.
 * Inexplicitly, the text "Some evangelicals, fundamentalists" was changed to eliminate the former group. This has been restored to the previous version. (Nice try at a cheap shot at the NCC's critics.)

The above was too long to include in an edit summary. Other changes have been given one. Lewis Collard 03:33, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

And in other news, I've made more changes:
 * Describing the political policies that the NCC supports as "left wing" is not to make a value judgment: this is a simple statement of fact. This has been restored.
 * Saying that the NCC supports "civil rights" does carry with it a strong value judgment. Newsflash: opponents of the NCC don't oppose "civil rights" either. This has been removed.
 * Calling the IRD "privately-funded" is irrelevant.

Lewis Collard 03:55, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Too much politicization
The NCC hsa become such a political body (esp with the hiring of a former Congressman as its President -- Republican or Democrat would do this) that it is impossible for the article to not go into politics, but I'm going to try and remove some of the liberal/conservative tags where they seem gratuitous. Also, the article really lacks some specificity such as just referring to the Antioch church and not specifying it as Orthodox, and not mentioning why the NCC makes decisions based on unanimity (a recent invention pushed by the Orthodox because of they percevied as a lack of voice).

However, I have a feeling that [User:65.219.253.17] is going to come and readd much of it. His IP information from Whois lists it from a block at a place called The Interchurch Center, which appears to be related to the NCC (and some other NCC member organizations). I think (but am not 100% sure) than 235.17 is related to the NCC in some way or at least close to them (such as involved in work with the NCC).

24.205.66.2 07:47, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

I made some changes tonight. Most were punctuation and grammar related (some as trivial as harmonizing Oxford commas). But some were because either the citation didn't fit the statement that it referenced (the statement often being a larger claim than the link) or the content went out of its way to politically label one side of the debate buy not label the other side (such as the statement about criticism of the NRSV coming mostly from conservatives, but supporters of the NRSV are not equally labeled liberals (which most of the them are).

Tomorrow I'll probably add more on the tenuous Orthodox relationship to the NCC and probably leave it at that for others to pick up and go with (preferably not a NCC bigot or apologist).

I don't like deleting a couple of the lines, but I couldn't find information on them (such as the policy papers that the article said the NCC published -- I have no doubt they exist, but I would like to find them instead of some vague line about them existing somewhere.

24.205.66.2 09:04, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Context and closeness
I can't find references to some of 12.181.243.2's previous edits, so I'm removing some of them. I think the Orthodox context on the NRSV is needed, because I am trying to update the article to add information about the Orthodox relationship to the NCC (founding and recent), and the fact that they do not accept the NRSV provides background for paragraphs I'm trying to add, but haven't had any time. Also, just throwing a "citation needed" tag on something isn't grounds for leaving it there. The reason I removed at least one of those statements (the one about the NRSV being the most widely used), is because I wasn't able to find a good citation for it, so I removed it. If it is going to be re-added, a citation needs to be found. Please write something in the comments section about further changes concerning these issues, because tonight I wasted a lot of time re-adding edits instead of continuing with new work. (And I looked for the link/reference numbers for the WFN, but didn't find anything. Alexa and Google, neither report very high traffic or link counts to wfn.org, with many other religion sites (news and non-news) outpacing it. Lacking a reference, I'm removing it. I also deleted some of the glowing language that is almost impossible to fact check (such as "venerable" or "most").

24.205.66.2 04:46, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

Editor 12.181.243.2 (and your other IPs). Before you revert some the deletions I made, can you find a cite? I looked and couldn't find citations for some of your edits, so I removed them. Please communicate before re-adding the claims. Thanks.

24.205.66.2 05:35, 29 April 2007 (UTC)
 * 24.205.66.2, thanks for your work in cleaning up the article. Good job. :) Lewis Collard 15:43, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I can't seem to get the other editor to provide any citation. I don't want to violate the three revert rule, but I don't know how else to go about this since all the pages I read seem to require that a dialog currently be going on. They tend to say that they are essentially cooperative processes and only work when both parties are willing. Nojj 04:22, 1 May 2007 (UTC) (formerly 204.205.66.2)
 * WP:3RR applies to three reverts by one editor in a 24-hour period. So you don't qualify. (I've just reverted the "most widely used text in seminaries and universities" claim again. Sigh.) Lewis Collard 03:22, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

I finally just removed the IRD graph. I think there used to be a tie-in to the article, but there no longer appears to be enough of a connection to really justify a paragraph about them (or even mentioning them it seems). Also, I removed the short graph about the NCC requiring unanimous consent to pass resolutions. I've been searching for info on how decisions are made, haven't really found anything saying that they have to be unanimous. The WCC now requires unanimity because the Orthodox were having some issues with getting out voted by smaller Protestant denominations. Once I saw an article that mentioned something passing even with a no vote, I thought it was enough to pull the sentences. Nojj 05:53, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Once again, thanks for the housecleaning (in this as well as other edits). :) The (originally short!) paragraph about the IRD, however, is relevant because they are one of its most vocal critics. The reason it has a critique (more accurately, a left-wing hit piece) of the IRD footnoted is because our anonymous IP editor kept on adding it, in a manner inconsistent with the citation style of the rest of the article. Our anonymous editor did not respond to my last message left for him (I'm guessing his IP changed). So, I footnoted it after "controversial" so it wouldn't be added in again. Also, our friend added irrelevant (in this context) material about IRD's funding, and inaccurately describing its founding by conservative Roman Catholics), which bloated the paragraph further, and so I gave up.
 * In my opinion, the material on IRD should be re-added, in a shorter form; the reason the ex-paragraph got so long was because I tired of reverting it. What do you reckon? Lewis Collard 07:58, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
 * The reason I think the IRD paragraph is now out of place is because nowhere is the IRD metioned or used in criticism of the NCC. Criticism of The Nation magazine almost makes more sense even though it isn't a religious organization. I also just started deleting some of the unsourced claims made by the anon editor. It takes me a couple hours to try and verify some of the adjectives used or numbers. I don't think I have found a single one to be correct either, for example, I can't find the commission that s/he says will be celebrating its 50th aniversay. I only site I can find say something more like 77. The more I spend on not finding sources, the less I have time to add. Hopefully this weekend I'll be able to add some actually new matierial. Nojj 04:01, 8 May 2007 (UTC)
 * You are really quite a tireless person, Nojj. Thank you very much for the time you are putting into this article. You're doing an excellent job. :) Lewis Collard 13:55, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

This whole article is starting to sound like an NCC press release that bullet points every program they have. No depth or anything. I spent more time tonight looking for citations, removing adj like "conservative", and wondering if our NCC employed friend is ever going to comment. Nojj 04:59, 15 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I've given up on this article for that reason. :/ Lewis Collard! (User_talk:Collard|natter]]) 10:54, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Non-members
Should be some mention of the rather obvious fact that some of the largest and/or fastest growing Protestant denominations refuse to join... AnonMoos 06:43, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

David Rivera - Final Warning
It is stated in this book that it is :

 * founded in 1908 by Walter Rauschenbusch, a baptist (socialist) and Henry Ward (communist, as federal council of church
 * identified by congress as "communist organization aimed at the establishment of a state churh"
 * office and naval inteligence reported they gave "aid and confort to the communist movement and party"
 * in 1942 their platform called for a world governement
 * financially supported by Andrew Carnegie and John D Rockfeller Jr

It requires no more to say that it is part of the new-age movement.

Menant (talk) 16:19, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

Confusion of Included Denominations
In this entry, there is distinct confusion when concerning included denominations. Although there is a section precisely labeled "Member Denominations," in no way does the article truly definer to the reader in what ways the "Member Denominations" differ from non-members. The inclusion of the link table "United States Christian Bodies" muddles the matter two-fold: not only is the table situated in-between two sections (giving the reader no definite context by which to pertain the information to); but one of the article sections it resides in just so happens to be "Member Denominations." This error can lead readers to interpret the table as signifying that ALL religious denominations in America belong to the NCC.

This is true. It happened to me. I stared at the article for five minutes while my mind writhed, trying to decipher the broken code.

There seems to be a healthy amount of editing for this page, so I am sure that an enthusiast would do a much better job of fixing this than I.

Patron Vectras (talk) 09:26, 15 March 2009 (UTC)


text:
Mario Golf: Advance Tour

Mario Golf: Advance Tour is a role-playing sports game developed by Camelot Software Planning and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance in 2004. The game is the sequel to the Game Boy Color version of Mario Golf and the Game Boy Advance counterpart of Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour.

Overworld
Advance Tour features an overworld map, where the player can walk around and interact with different courses and objects. On the overworld are the four golfing "clubs" (Marion, Palms, Dunes, and Links) which hold tournaments. The player must play in these tournaments to prove themselves to be an "ultimate golfer", and earn the right to golf with Mario. There are also side courses, as well as the Custom Club Shop, where a metalsmith will make the player special clubs if they give him a Custom Ticket.

Courses
In each of the four clubs available in Mario Golf: Advance Tour, there are three places of interest: the golf course, the practice area, and the student lodging. The golf course is accessed by entering the tourneys or by playing a practice round. The practice area allows the players to hone their skills by doing various mini-games, as well as play a match against the course leader. Each practice area also features a secret challenge that allows the player to obtain useful items. The student lodging area is only accessible in the Marion course, where Neil and Ella live. One can talk to their doubles partner here, as well as save their game.

Characters
At the beginning of the game, the player must choose between one of two characters, Neil or Ella, and play as that character for the rest of the game, with the other character as their doubles partner. Neil and Ella have different strengths: Neil has stronger hitting and a slight draw, while Ella has more precise hitting and a slight fade. By progressing through the game and completing its various elements, the player can gain experience to distribute among the two characters to enhance both their drive as well as their hitting capabilities. As a character levels up, they gain stat points to improve their abilities.

Multiplayer
Advance Tour features four multiplayer modes. In the "Without Game Link" mode, two to four players take turns playing on one Game Boy Advance. They can choose a player from the unlocked list of players, pick clubs, and then pick a gameplay mode. Other than the previous mentioned features, this is the same as standard free-play mode. In the "With Game Link" mode, each player can select from their own list of characters and clubs, but courses must be mutually unlocked. Otherwise, this is the same as the Without Game Link mode. The Wireless Adapter mode only shows up when the Wireless Adapter is attached to the Game Boy Advance. Otherwise, this is the same as With Game Link mode. In the Club Exchange mode, two players can trade the clubs which they have earned throughout the game via a Game Link Cable or a Wireless Adapter. In the Get Clubs mode, one can receive exclusive Special clubsets (up to 16) from a Wonder Spot using a Wireless Adapter. However, this mode was never used.

Development and release
Advance Tour was revealed in late 2003, and created largely by the same team who made Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour for the GameCube. Initially shipped on April 22, 2004 in Japan, the game was also released on June 21, 2004, and September 17, 2004 for North America and Europe respectively. The game also was bundled in Japan with a Wireless Adapter, to go along with the Pokémon releases at the time.

The game was designed by Shugo Takahashi and Hiroyuki Takahashi, and directed by Yasuhiro Taguchi, all of whom have contributed to the Golden Sun series, which had graphical elements that were reused in this game and Mario Tennis: Power Tour.

In 2014, the game was re-released on the Wii U Virtual Console on August (PAL) and September (Japan and North America).

Reception
Since its release, Advance Tour received "favorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

IGN hailed Advance Tour as "one of the best golfing games ever", bestowing the game with an Editors' Choice Award, GameSpy said "aside from the quirks in graphics and music, there's almost nothing wrong with Mario Golf: Advance Tour", and Game Informer concluded that in Advance Tour "handheld golf has never been as much fun."

The RPG elements have also been praised, with 1UP saying "[the] simple act of leveling up is addictive in itself" and according to EGM "all the extraneous questing, character building, and item collecting just works."

title: Mario Golf: Advance Tour


text:
1 Train

1 Train may refer to:

 * 1 (New York City Subway service)
 * "1 Train" (song), a song by ASAP Rocky
 * Green Line (Montreal Metro), also known as Line 1
 * Paris Métro Line 1
 * Line 1 (Beijing Subway)
 * Line 1 (Shanghai Metro)

title: 1 Train


text:
Taiwanese literature

Taiwanese literature refers to the literature written by Taiwanese in any language ever used in Taiwan, including Japanese, Taiwanese Han (Hokkien, Hakka and Mandarin) and Austronesian languages.

Novels, short stories, and poetry
Taiwan has a very active literary scene, with a large number of writers of novels and (especially) short stories enjoying a wide readership, many of them for many decades running. A short selection of prominent writers and poets includes:

 * Wang K'ai-yün (1889–1969)
 * Wu Zhuoliu (1900–1976)
 * Bo Yang (1920–2008)
 * Yao Yi-Wei (1922–1997)
 * Huang Chun-ming (1935–)
 * Pai Hsien-yung (1937–)
 * Chen Ruoxi (1938–)
 * Wang Wen-hsing (1939–2023)
 * Yang Mu (1940–2020)
 * San Mao (1943–1991)
 * Lung Ying-tai (1952–)
 * Qiu Fengjia (1864–1912)
 * Loa Ho (1894–1943)
 * John Ching Hsiung Wu (1899–1986)
 * Chou Meng-tieh (1921–2014)
 * William Marr (1936–)
 * Li Kuei-Hsien (1937–)
 * Wai-lim Yip (1937–)
 * Xi Murong (1943–)
 * Lin Yang-min (1955–)
 * Luo Yijun (1967–)
 * Hou Wen-yong (1962–)
 * Li Bi-chhin (1979–)

See the full list of Taiwanese writers.

Similarly, there is a large poetry community in Taiwan, and there have been several anthologies of Taiwanese poetry in English translation. The New Century New Generation Poetry Selection, edited by Taiwanese poets Xiang Yang (Poet), targets the millennials poets (born between 1980 and 1999, active from 2000 to 2022) who created modern poetry in Taiwan. It includes 52 poets such as Liao Chi-Yu, Yang Chih-Chieh, Hsu Pei-Fen, and Lin Yu-hsuan.

Two areas of cross-pollination between literature and other arts in Taiwan include modern dance (particularly the modern dance troupe Cloud Gate Dance Theater, founded and directed by author Lin Huai-min) and filmmaking (including productions of stories by Huang Chunming directed by the leading Taiwanese filmmaker Hou Hsiao-hsien).

The 1990s saw the rise of a nativist Taiwan literature movement.

More recently, Taiwan literature has also been included in Sinophone literature and world literature.

Literature relating to politics
With the establishment of the Communist regime in mainland China in 1949, books from mainland China were not often published in Taiwan and books from Taiwan were not often published in mainland China. In 1986, the first novel, Three Kings, written by a mainland Chinese writer, Ah Cheng, was openly published as such in Taiwan.

Some books from mainland China still found their way into Taiwan before 1986 by different ways. As pirate editions, under both a different title and a pseudonym for the author, under a different title, but with the author's name unchanged, under a pseudonym but with the title unchanged, or altered by changes in the text itself.

Popular kinds of books
Often books which have a movie based on them sell well in Taiwan. The Harry Potter series are popular and so is Bridget Jones's Diary. Some non-western popular books are The Hooligan Professor, 流氓教授, by Lin Jian-long 林建隆, and Big Hospital Small Doctor 大醫院小醫師, by Hou Wun-yong 侯文詠. Both were adapted for television. Other popular non-literary works included books on mastering English and attaining success.

Literary awards
The awards for Taiwanese literature include Taiwan Literature Award (presented by National Museum of Taiwan Literature), Wu San-lien Literary Award (Wu San-Lien Award Foundation), Aboriginal Literature Award, and Min-Hakka Literary Award (both by the Ministry of Education of Taiwan).

Museums

 * National Museum of Taiwan Literature
 * Lee Rong-chun Literary Museum
 * Taichung Literature Museum
 * Yang Kui Literature Memorial Museum
 * Yeh Shih-tao Literature Memorial Hall
 * Yilan Literary Museum

title: Taiwanese literature


text:
2 Train

2 Train can refer to:

 * 2 (New York City Subway service)
 * Orange Line (Montreal Metro)
 * Paris Métro Line 2
 * Line 2, Beijing Subway
 * Line 2, Shanghai Metro
 * Line 2, Toronto Subway
 * Edward the Blue Engine (Little kids about 4 and under will sometimes call Edward "2 train")

title: 2 Train


text:
3 Train

3 Train may refer to:
 * 3 (New York City Subway service)
 * Paris Métro Line 3
 * Line 3 (Beijing Subway)
 * Line 3 (Shanghai Metro)

title: 3 Train


text:
A Train

A Train may refer to:

Rail transport

 * The A (New York City Subway service)
 * A Division (New York City Subway)
 * A-train (Texas), a hybrid rail line in Denton County, Texas
 * A-Train (JR Kyushu), a train operated in Japan by JR Kyushu
 * A-Train (Korail), a tourist train in South Korea
 * MTR Adtranz–CAF EMU, a train operated in MTR Hong Kong
 * Green Line A branch, in Boston, Massachusetts
 * Key System, electric line between Oakland and San Francisco in 1958
 * Hitachi A-train, trains made by Hitachi
 * Arlanda Express, an airport rail link operated in Stockholm by A-Train AB
 * A Line (Los Angeles Metro), a light rail line in Los Angeles County, California
 * A Line (RTD), a commuter rail line in Denver, Colorado

Sports nickname for

 * Mike Alstott (born 1973), American football player
 * Matt Bloom (born 1972), American professional wrestler
 * Artis Gilmore (born 1949), former basketball player
 * Anthony Kelly (lacrosse) (born 1980), professional lacrosse player
 * Anthony Thomas (American football) (born 1977), American football player
 * Anton Volchenkov (born 1982), ice hockey defenceman
 * Aaron Williams (basketball) (born 1971), professional basketball player

Other

 * A-Train, a 1985 series of video games
 * A-train (satellite constellation), a string of meteorological and environmental Earth observation satellites
 * A-Train, a superhero from the media franchise The Boys

title: A Train


text:
Dyanna Lauren

Dyanna Lauren (born March 18, 1965) is an American erotic dancer, pornographic actress, singer and director.

Career
She appeared in over 200 movies between 1989 and 2000; in the years since, she has shifted away from acting and towards directing, even though she has remained an active onscreen performer into the 2010s.

Lauren was a singer before entering the adult industry. She explained her career change by saying, "I decided that if I was going to get screwed, I would at least get paid for it". Lauren has also composed a song called Psycho Magnet, a hard-rock ballad about being a porn star and being constantly stalked and harassed by "mentally ill mooks". Lauren's performance of the song, however, has been criticized by David Foster Wallace as having an argumentation that "strikes yr and a bit uneven" while also criticizing Lauren's singing as sounding like a "scalded cat". She performed "Silent Night/Feliz Navidad" with Moby on the 2003 album of the 2001 film Moby Presents: Alien Sex Party.

Lauren started out in porn appearing on box-covers for films that she was not in. Later, before deciding on going all the way on film, she would often make brief appearances in non-sexual roles, but would still front the film's cover nonetheless. Lauren was the Penthouse Pet of the Month in July 1995, and has been a contract performer with Vivid Entertainment. She was the first to appear as a single guest on Playboy TV's The Helmetcam Show. This appearance was broadcast live on August 21, 1996.

In addition to her work in adult films, Lauren also sang and appeared on the Marilyn Manson album Mechanical Animals, along with fellow porn star Kobe Tai. She also sang in the rock band Thousand Year Itch, who released one album in 2000.

In 2007 she became the CEO and spokesperson of Ninn Worx_SR, a film production company which is owned by her ex-husband, John Gray. Lauren was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame at ceremonies held on January 12, 2008. In April 2009 she began filming for her first feature appearance in over ten years. Lauren was also a performer for a time at the World's Famous Hollywood Tropicana Mud and Oil Wrestling.

Personal life
Lauren identifies as bisexual.

She is of English, German, Irish, Australian and Native American descent.

She was married to Wild Boyz founder, Kurt Lee Hurley and John Grey, founder of the Spearmint Rhino Gentlemen's Club chain.

Awards

 * 1997 XRCO Award – Best Actress, Single Performance (Bad Wives)
 * 1998 AVN Award – Best Actress, Film (Bad Wives)
 * 1998 AVN Award – Best Anal Sex Scene, Film (Bad Wives) with Steven St. Croix
 * 2008 AVN Hall of Fame inductee
 * 2010 XBIZ Award – Performer Comeback of the Year

title: Dyanna Lauren


text:
C Train

C Train may refer to:
 * CTrain in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
 * C (New York City Subway service)
 * Green Line C branch, of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
 * MTR C-Stock EMU in Hong Kong
 * C-train, a type of road train
 * C Line (Los Angeles Metro), a light rail line in Los Angeles County, California

title: C Train


text:
User talk:Paramendra

Noticed your good edits to Laloo Prasad Yadav. Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

-- 04:39, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. By the way, I've moved the description about you to your user page. Your talk page is for others to talk to you. :-)

You may also be interested in:

Please do not add inappropriate external links
Barack Obama. Wikipedia is not a mere directory of links nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Inappropriate links include (but are not limited to) links to personal web sites, links to web sites with which you are affiliated, and links that exist to attract visitors to a web site or promote a product. See the external links guideline and spam policies for further explanations of links that are considered appropriate. Since Wikipedia uses Nofollow tags, additions of links to Wikipedia will not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, then please discuss it on the article's talk page rather than re-adding it. See the welcome page to learn more about Wikipedia. Nposs 06:02, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Please stop adding inappropriate external links to Wikipedia, as you did to April Revolution. It is considered spamming and Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or promotion. Since Wikipedia uses Nofollow tags, additions of links to Wikipedia will not alter search engine rankings. If you continue spamming, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
 * You are clearly knowledgeable about the subject. If you feel like your link should be included in the article, please post it on the article talk page and let the other editors come to consensus on if it should be included or not. Nposs 06:13, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Final warning
This is your last warning. The next time you insert a spam link, as you did to Madhesi_Movement, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Persistent spammers may have their websites blacklisted as well, preventing their websites from appearing on Wikipedia and other sites that use the MediaWiki spam blacklist at all. Nposs 06:18, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Upendra.yadav.jpg
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 02:08, 6 February 2007 (UTC) This guy has tried to use Wikipedia as a source for defaming others... Be careful... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.105.71.5 (talk) 06:59, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

February 2009
Please do not remove speedy deletion notices from pages you have created yourself. Please use the template on the page instead if you disagree with the deletion. — Snigbrook 20:28, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paramendra


text: Category:Lieutenant Governors of Lower Canada


text:
Talk:Jeanna Fine

Untitled
since when was she canadian?
 * She wasn't. She did work as a topless dancer in Canada, however. I did update the article extensively, so if you know of any errors, correct them or note them on this talk page. :-) -- Joe Beaudoin Jr. 04:07, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I really miss the original Jeanna Fine. Am I the only one who thinks she was way hotter in the 80s? 70.20.179.75 01:58, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

Nope, she was SMOKING HOT in the 80s. A real porn star, not like that bimbo JJ.

shes hotter with black hair and with breast implants

i saw her movie "Double Cross" in this movie i really felt that her talent and potential was under tapped. The hot scene with Nicci Sterling was truly awesome. I hope i am not the only one who feels this way

Your not alone, from 86 - 93 she was without a doubt the most stunning pornstar around, then unfortunatley cosmetic surgery began. why the heck would she need a nosejob?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.75.222.224 (talk) 19:27, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

A lot of women are hotter in their late 40s. I'd like to see jeanna do a return to porn. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.166.156.250 (talk) 12:46, 31 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Jeanna Fine. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070929000922/http://www.avnawards.com/index.php?content=pastwinners to http://www.avnawards.com/index.php?content=pastwinners
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140906165645/http://canbest.com/awards2.html to http://canbest.com/awards2.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 19:32, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jeanna Fine


text:
E Train

E Train may refer to:

 * E (New York City Subway service)
 * Electron transport chain
 * Green Line E branch, a streetcar line in Boston, Massachusetts
 * E Line (Los Angeles Metro), a light rail line in Los Angeles County, California

title: E Train


text:
Fleshbot

Fleshbot is a sex-oriented weblog, founded by Gawker Media. It was launched in November 2003 as the third online title from Gawker. The range of subject matter includes everything from amateur sex blogs and thumbnail gallery posts to news about sex in popular culture and advertising. The blog covers both heterosexual and homosexual erotica and users have the ability to filter between the two if they choose.

Fleshbot was previously edited by Lux Alptraum, who owned the site from 2012. In February 2014, Fleshbot was purchased by SK Intertainment from Lux Alptraum. It was announced that Alptraum would remain with Fleshbot as a contributing editor.

title: Fleshbot


text:
N Train

N Train could refer to:
 * The N (New York City Subway service)
 * The N Judah in San Francisco
 * N Red Line in Houston
 * N scale for model railroads

title: N Train


text:
R Train

R Train may refer to:
 * R (New York City Subway service)
 * R-Line (Norfolk Southern), a secondary railway line between Charlotte, North Carolina, and Columbia, South Carolina
 * MTR Hyundai Rotem EMU in MTR, Hong Kong

title: R Train


text:
Toktu of Bulgaria

Toktu (Токту) was the ruler of Bulgaria between 766 and 767.

The Byzantine chronicler, Patriarch Nikephoros, records that Toktu was "a Bulgarian, and a brother of Bayan". Although this suggests that Bayan was a man of some importance, nothing more is definitely known about Toktu's basis of support. Toktu is assumed to have been a member of that faction of the Bulgarian nobility which advocated a hostile policy towards the Byzantine Empire. However, before Toktu managed to implement any recorded policy, he was faced with a rebellion and attempted to flee the country. Unlike his predecessor Sabin, Toktu tried to flee northwards, but was caught and killed together with his brother Bayan and their supporters near the Danube.

The 17th century Volga Bulgar compilation Cäğfär Taríxı (a work of disputed authenticity) represents Azan Tokta (i.e., Toktu) as the son of the otherwise unattested Kermek, who was a son of the former Bulgarian monarch Suvar (i.e., Sevar of Bulgaria).

title: Toktu of Bulgaria


text:
Robert Merrihew Adams

Robert Merrihew Adams (September 8, 1937 – April 16, 2024) was an American analytic philosopher, who specialized in metaphysics, philosophy of religion, ethics, and the history of early modern philosophy.

Life and career
Adams was born on September 8, 1937, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He taught for many years at the University of California, Los Angeles, before moving to Yale University in the early 1990s as the Clark Professor of Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics. As chairman, he helped revive the philosophy department after its near-collapse due to personal and scholarly conflicts between analytical and Continental philosophers. Adams retired from Yale in 2004 and taught part-time at the University of Oxford in England, where he was a senior research fellow of Mansfield College. In 2009 he became a Distinguished Research Professor of Philosophy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Adams's late wife, Marilyn McCord Adams, was also a philosopher, working on medieval philosophy and the philosophy of religion and was the Regius Professor of Divinity at Christ Church, Oxford. In 2013 both became visiting research professors at Rutgers University, in conjunction with the founding of the Rutgers Center for the Philosophy of Religion.

Adams was a past president of the Society of Christian Philosophers. In 1999, he delivered the Gifford Lectures on "God and Being". He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2006 and was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1991.

Adams died in Montgomery, New Jersey, on April 16, 2024, at the age of 86.

Philosophical work
As a historical scholar, Adams had published on the work of the philosophers Søren Kierkegaard and G.W. Leibniz. His work in the philosophy of religion includes influential essays on the problem of evil and the relation between theism and ethics. In metaphysics, Adams defended actualism in metaphysics of modality and Platonism about the nature of so-called possible worlds.

Selected works

 * . Reprinted in The Virtue of Faith and Other Essay in Philosophical Theology below.
 * "A Modified Divine Command Theory of Ethical Wrongness" in Religion and Morality: A Collection of Essays. eds. Gene Outka and John P. Reeder. New York: Doubleday. Reprinted in The Virtue of Faith.
 * "Actualism and Thisness", Synthèse, XLIX 3–41. 1981.
 * The Virtue of Faith and Other Essays in Philosophical Theology. New York: Oxford University Press. 1987.
 * "Divine Commands and the Social Nature of Obligation" Faith and Philosophy, 1987.
 * "The Knight of Faith", Faith and Philosophy, 1990.
 * "Moral Faith", Journal of Philosophy, 1995.
 * Leibniz: Determinist, Theist, Idealist. New York: Oxford. 1994.
 * "Things in Themselves", Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 1997.
 * Finite and Infinite Goods. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999.
 * A Theory of Virtue: Excellence in Being for the Good. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 2006.
 * What Is, and What Is In Itself: A Systematic Ontology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.
 * Leibniz: Determinist, Theist, Idealist. New York: Oxford. 1994.
 * "Things in Themselves", Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 1997.
 * Finite and Infinite Goods. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999.
 * A Theory of Virtue: Excellence in Being for the Good. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 2006.
 * What Is, and What Is In Itself: A Systematic Ontology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.

title: Robert Merrihew Adams


text:
Per Egil Ahlsen

Per Egil Ahlsen (born 4 March 1958) is a Norwegian former footballer. Ahlsen started as a midfielder, but was later re-educated as a forward defender. He was known for his long-shots.

Club career
Ahlsen started his career at the senior level with Fredrikstad FK in the middle of the 1970s. He won the cup trophy with Fredrikstad in 1984, thanks to his fantastic free kick goal from 35 meters – a goal that is often considered the most beautiful goal in Norwegian football. In 1987, he transferred to S.K. Brann where he played for six seasons, a part from a short loan period to German Fortuna Düsseldorf. Ahlsen became an iconic figure in S.K. Brann. He was looked upon as a saviour because he put a stop to the "elevator era" in S.K. Brann. He finished his career back in Fredrikstad, where he is now the assistant coach.

International career
He made his debut for the Norwegian national team in 1983 and earned 54 caps, scoring three goals.

Ahlsen was also a member of the Norwegian team competing at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.

title: Per Egil Ahlsen


text:
Michael Copley

Michael Copley is a British virtuoso flautist and recorder player. He is a professional musician who, as well as playing the recorder and flute, is an exponent of other traditional, early and folk woodwind instruments, most notably the ocarina, an Anglo-Italian development of the ceramic vessel flute.

Groups

 * Cambridge Buskers - Michael Copley (flute, recorder, ocarina, crumhorn) and Dag Ingram (accordion)
 * Sambuca - Michael Copley (recorder) and Peter Martin (lute, theorbo, guitar)
 * The Classic Buskers - Michael Copley and Ian Moore (piano accordion)
 * The Chuckerbutty Ocarina Quartet - Michael Copley, Yuzuru Yamashiro, Peter Martin, Michael S. Murray

Discography

 * “Concerto for 2 mandolins etc.” - Pickett/Hogwood/Copley et al. (Decca)
 * “Vivaldi - Concerti” - Füri/Copley et al. (Deutsche Grammophon)
 * “Lloyd Webber Plays Lloyd Webber” - Lloyd Webber/R. Phil. Orch./Copley et al. (Philips)
 * “Tippett: Choral Works” - Copley/Hodges/Nallen et al. (Nimbus)
 * “Micro Classics” - Classic Buskers (Seaview)
 * “Handel with Care” - Classic Buskers (Seaview)
 * “Omnibusk” - Classic Buskers (Seaview)
 * “The Ocarina is No Trombone” - Chuckerbutty Quartet/Copley (Seaview)
 * “Sambuca” - Sambuca (Seaview)
 * "A little Street Music" - Copley/Ingram  (Deutsche Grammophon)

title: Michael Copley


text:
D Train

D Train or D-Train may refer to:

Entertainment

 * D Train (music group),1980–1985 R&B duo
 * D. Train (album), 1982
 * James D-Train Williams (born 1962), American singer
 * The D Train, a 2015 American film

Transportation

 * D (New York City Subway service), New York City
 * D-Zug, a type of express train service in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
 * Green Line D branch, Greater Boston
 * Vivarail D-Train, a family of multiple unit trains built by Vivarail for the British rail network
 * D Line (Los Angeles Metro), a rapid transit line in Los Angeles County, California

Other

 * Dontrelle Willis or "The D-Train" (born 1982), American baseball player

title: D Train


text:
Jason Dubois

Jason Bradford Dubois (born March 26, 1979) is an American former Major League Baseball outfielder who played for the Chicago Cubs and the Cleveland Indians.

Dubois attended Virginia Commonwealth University, and in 1999 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Harwich Mariners of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was selected by the Chicago Cubs in the 14th round of the 2000 Major League Baseball Draft.

Dubois was drafted by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 2002 Rule 5 Draft, but was returned during spring training 2003. He made his major league debut on May 19, 2004, with the Chicago Cubs. He has played left field, right field, and first base in the majors. On July 18, 2005, he was traded to the Cleveland Indians for fellow outfielder Jody Gerut. On January 2, 2007, Dubois signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles and spent the entire year with their Triple-A affiliate, the Norfolk Tides, becoming a free agent at the end of the season. On November 27, 2007, he signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals, playing for their Triple-A affiliate, the Columbus Clippers, before being released on May 18, 2008.

Within a few days, he signed a minor league contract with the Chicago Cubs to play for their Triple-A affiliate, the Iowa Cubs. He became a free agent at the end of the season and re-signed with the Cubs in January 2009. On August 7, Dubois was traded by the Cubs to the Mets, and was assigned to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons. Jason re-signed with the Chicago Cubs on February 6, 2010 to again play for the Iowa Cubs. He retired from playing, and in the fall of 2010, he was hired as the hitting coach for the Cubs rookie league team, the Arizona League Cubs. Jason is now the hitting coach for the Helena Brewers. Helena is the rookie level affiliate of the Brewers

In 1998, he set the Coastal Plain League single season home run record with 17.

title: Jason Dubois


text:
B Train

B Train may refer to:
 * The B (New York City Subway service) in New York City
 * The Green Line B branch in Boston, Massachusetts
 * A B-Train or B-double, a road freight transport larger than a semi-trailer but not as long as a road train
 * B Line (Los Angeles Metro), a rapid transit line in Los Angeles County, California

title: B Train


text:
V Train

V Train could refer to:
 * The V (New York City Subway service)
 * The V/Line, a not for profit regional passenger train and coach service in Victoria, Australia
 * The V-Train (Korail)

title: V Train


text:
User:Artur Lion~enwiki

I'd like to learn Tahitian, so if You know some link or this language, pls e-mail me - [lion@bydgoszcz.com] ;)

I work on some Wikis, but I'll do my User page on en:Wiki soon, sorry ;(

pl:Wikipedysta:LION es:Usuario:Artur_Lion

title: User:Artur Lion~enwiki


text:
Talk:Battle of Homildon Hill

untitled
Shouldn't this article be renamed "Battle of Homildon Hill", since that is the name by which it is better known? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Froggity-Frog (talk • contribs) 10:17, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I think so. I've only heard of the battle of Homildon Hill. I've never heard of a Humbleton Hill. The article even admits that the latter is an anachronism. Lachrie (talk) 12:05, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history/Assessment/Tag & Assess 2008

 * Ensured that this article is: within project scope, tagged for task forces, and assessed for class.

 * This article would benefit from: in-text citations. --Rosiestep (talk) 18:25, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

Copyright problem
This article uses text from My Wound is Deep to which Wikipedia is not legally entitled, lacking proper licensing by the publisher. The bulk of text was added between these edits. Some examples of copyright problems include, , , , , , , , , , ,. I am heartily sorry to say that it seems the article will need to be rewritten to remove any remaining text by this contributor, since he has verified that the publisher did not license its use. I am blanking the article accordingly and listing it at the copyright problems board. I hope that the contributors to this article will be able to help salvage it. Alternatively, it is possible to restore to a point before the introduction of this text. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 20:42, 10 August 2009 (UTC)
 * The entire sections of copyrighted text have been removed from the article. The article has been left substantially in the state it was before the that text was added. 10:04, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: move the page, per the discussion below. Dekimasu よ! 00:19, 14 November 2014 (UTC)

Battle of Humbleton Hill → Battle of Homildon Hill – See previous comment, I believe this is the common name of the battle. This is the name used in the article on the Earl of Douglas, the Scots commander, and his entry at the peerage website, see the external link. As a general rule we use the contemporary rather than the current name for battle locations, e.g. Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of Tsaritsyn, Siege of Constantinople and various related articles, Siege of Mafeking (not Mafikeng) and Battle of Cynwit. PatGallacher (talk) 17:03, 7 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Agree Brendandh (talk) 10:23, 8 November 2014 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Battle of Homildon Hill


text: Category:Postmodernists

title: Category:Postmodernists


text:
World Methodist Council

The World Methodist Council (WMC), founded in 1881, is a consultative body and association of churches in the Methodist tradition. It comprises 80 member denominations in 138 countries which together represent an estimated 80 million people ; this includes approximately 60 million committed members (of Methodist and united and uniting churches) and a further 20 million adherents. But there is also another, contradictory, number of members of the member churches on the WMC's website: about 40 million. It is the fifth-largest Christian communion after the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, and World Communion of Reformed Churches (see list of denominations by membership).

Affiliated organizations are the World Fellowship of Methodist and Uniting Churches, the Oxford-Institute of Methodist Theological Studies, the World Methodist Historical Society, World Council of Confederation of Methodist Youth, the World Council of Methodist Men, World Methodist Council of Teens, the World Federation of Methodist and Uniting Church Women.

World Methodist Conference
The highest organ of the World Methodist Council is the World Methodist Conference, which meets every five years. The next Conference, the 22nd, will be held in Gothenburg, Sweden in 2024.

The 21st Conference was held in 2016 in Houston, Texas in the United States. The theme was "ONE". Organized around four sub themes – One God, One Faith, One People, One Mission.

The 2011 conference, gathered under the theme "Jesus Christ - for the Healing of the Nations", was held in August 2011 in Durban, South Africa. On 24 July 2006, Sunday Mbang stepped down as chairperson of the council and John Barrett took over his position as well as elected president for the council.

In 2006, it formally approved the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification.

World Methodist Council officers
Current officers are: The World Methodist Council has offices in Waynesville, North Carolina; Nashville, Tennessee; New York City; and Atlanta, Georgia.
 * General secretary: Bishop Ivan M. Abrahams
 * President: Rev. Dr. Jong Chun Park
 * Vice-President: Gillian Kingston
 * Treasurer: Kirby Hickey
 * Youth and young adult coordinator: Sam Murillo

Continuous activities
The World Methodist Council has eight standing committees:
 * Ecumenics and Dialogue is engaged in ecumenical dialogue with the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Lutheran World Federation, the Salvation Army and the World Alliance of Reformed Churches. It is also working towards a dialogue with the Eastern Orthodox Church and with certain Pentecostal churches.
 * Education is concerned with education in churches and with Methodist educational institutions. It has organized an international Association of Methodist Schools, Colleges, and Universities promoting quality and value-centered education. The association links representatives from over 700 Methodist related schools and colleges all over the world.
 * Evangelism is coordinating worldwide evangelism efforts of Methodist churches
 * Family Life is concerned with applying Christian values to issues like relationships in marriage, rights of children, rights of the aged, prevalence of violence and changing roles of women and men in society;
 * Social and International Affairs is focusing currently on economic justice or injustice. It has worked out the World Methodist Social Affirmation which was approved in 1986 and is part of the literature of several Methodist denominations.
 * Theological Education focuses on training for ministry based on basic Christian beliefs and distinctive emphases from the Wesleyan tradition.
 * Worship and Liturgy encourages the study of liturgy and forms of worship, especially issues as language and culture, corporate and private worship, music and liturgy, cultural influences, and balancing Christian tradition with local emphasis. Develops hymnals and resources.
 * Youth and Young Adults focuses on empowering young people, taking its motto from 1st Timothy 4;12 and Ephesians 4:12–13: "Don't let anyone look down on you because you are young, but set and example for the believers in speech, in life, in love, in faith and in purity. To equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ, until all of us come to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the son of God, to maturity, to the measure of the full stature of Christ."

Peace award
The World Methodist Peace Award is the highest honor bestowed by Methodists around the world. Since 1977, it is given annually by the World Methodist Council. This award is given to individuals or groups "who have made significant contributions to peace, reconciliation and justice".

Recipients of the World Methodist Peace Award include Habitat for Humanity International, Nelson Mandela, Jimmy Carter, Boris Trajkovski, former President of Macedonia; the Community of Sant'Egidio in Rome, and the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo in Argentina.

Evangelism institute
One ministry of the World Methodist Council is the World Methodist Evangelism Institute in Atlanta, Georgia. It is an educational institution committed to the task of world evangelization and connected to a major university, Candler School of Theology, Emory University.

Former headquarters and museum
In the 1950s, area residents and Methodists from the Southeastern United States raised money for the construction of a building in Lake Junaluska, North Carolina to attract the World Methodist Council headquarters. Until the 1970s, the museum building was to go to the Lake Junaluska Assembly if no longer needed, although that plan was changed. The Royce and Jane Reynolds Headquarters building, intended to resemble the house where John Wesley lived when he was young, was added in the 1990s after a donation from the Reynolds family. The museum housed letters written by Wesley, a pulpit Wesley used, and a 1594 Geneva Bible, as well as ancient items from the Holy Land. Starting in 2013, with the museum having problems, the sale of the building was considered but the assembly made no formal offer. The COVID-19 pandemic finally made closing the museum necessary, and its contents went to Bridwell Library of Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. In Spring 2021, the World Methodist Council sold its headquarters building, including a museum, to the assembly for $1.25 million. The World Methodist Council moved to offices in nearby Waynesville, North Carolina.

At a Lake Junaluska Board of Trustees meeting in March 2022, Lake Junaluska Executive Director Ken Howle announced a $1.1 million gift from Anne and Mike   Warren, who also gave $625,000 toward the purchase of the headquarters building and part of the Susanna Wesley Garden next door. The gift from the Warrens helped with $2.5 million in renovations to what is now called the Warren Center, for smaller group events.

title: World Methodist Council


text:
Julian Wadleigh

Julian Wadleigh (1904–1994) was an American economist, Soviet spy and a Department of State official in the 1930s and 1940s. He was a key witness in the Alger Hiss trials.

Background
Henry Julian Wadleigh was born in 1904. He went to an English "public" school, and then to the University of Oxford where he read classics and also the London School of Economics. He also studied at the University of Kiel in Germany. He returned to the United States where he received fellowships at the University of Chicago and the Brookings Institution. At the time of his death, Wadleigh was survived by a sister, Claire Hayes.

Wadleigh married Edythe. Wadleigh had a daughter, Anne Gibert, and sons Jonathan, Larry, Robin.

Career
In the early 1930s he started as an economist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture working in the Agricultural Adjustment Administration.

State Department
Becoming more involved with radical politics, he joined the Socialist Party. Later, he moved to the State Department, working in the trade agreements division and negotiating trade pacts in Turkey and Italy.

In the mid-1930s, he became acquainted with Eleanor Nelson, a communist. When Wadleigh, a committed socialist, expressed the desire to act against growing the fascist movement in Europe, Nelson put him in touch with communists in Washington. He passed along documents to the Soviet Union through his main contact, Whittaker Chambers, at the Washington Zoo.

The defection of Trotsky and subsequent purges in 1937, as well as Wadleigh's work abroad, resulted in infrequent contacts. Soon after, Chambers told him that he had quit the Communist Party, as they both were suspected of being Trotskyites and were in danger of being killed. In August 1939, Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler, which disgusted Wadleigh, who vowed to have nothing more to do with the communists.

Wadleigh stayed at the State Department in the 1940s but felt that his own career stalled because rumors lurked about his communist sympathies. He divorced and remarried around this time. After the Allies invaded Italy in 1943, he was sent to assess food security for the war-stricken population. He shared an apartment in Rome with his brother, Richard Wadleigh, an Army intelligence officer who had led the First Armored Division into the city.

Hiss Case
In 1948, Chambers accused Alger Hiss of being a communist spy. Wadleigh testified before a grand jury and the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), and was a key witness in the Hiss prosecution. He did not actually know of Hiss's role, but served to corroborate the role Chambers played. He said he collaborated with communists, but never became a party member. He admitted taking classified documents while working in the State Department for Soviet intelligence. Wadleigh testified on the witness stand that he strongly believed his own transmission of papers to Chambers in the late 1930s "could not be used against us, but could be used against Germany and Japan." As federal prosecutor Thomas Murphy summed up, Wadleigh only wanted to stop the rise of fascism; "we all came to hate it, but he saw it earlier." Chambers detailed his espionage relationship to Wadleigh as well as events in the Hiss Case in his autobiography Witness (1952).

Testimony dates include December 9, 1948. Herman Greenberg of Greenberg, Forer & Rein was Wadleigh's legal counsel until shortly before he appeared before HUAC in December 1948.

Confession of Espionage
In an interview with the Washington Post in July 1949, Wadleigh admitted spying and that Chambers' testimony had been accurate. He said that he started spying in order to fight fascism but found increasing problems with Soviet efforts to enforce orthodoxy in science.

Later life
At the time of the Hiss trial, the Wadleighs lived in Northern Virginia. They later moved to Massachusetts. Wadleigh died on April 23, 1994 in Brookline, Massachusetts.

title: Julian Wadleigh


text: Category:Queer theorists

title: Category:Queer theorists


text:
G Train

G Train could refer to:

Railway

 * G-Train (Korail), a South Korean tourist train also known as the West Gold Train
 * G (New York City Subway service), a rapid transit service in New York, United States
 * G series (Toronto subway), retired rapid transit cars used in Toronto, Canada
 * G scale, a size of model railroading ranging from 1:19 to 1:32

People

 * the nickname of Fraser Gehrig, former St Kilda Australian rules footballer
 * the nickname of Caitlin Greiser, St Kilda Australian rules footballer

title: G Train


text:
Template:Methodism

{{Doc|content=

title: Template:Methodism


text:
S Train

S-train is a type of suburban railway system.

S Train and similar names may also refer to:
 * S-train (Copenhagen), an urban rapid transit network in Denmark
 * S-Train (Korail), a South Korean sightseeing train
 * S-Train (Seibu), an express train service operated by Seibu Railway in Tokyo, Japan
 * S (New York City Subway service), one of three subway services of the New York City Subway:
 * Franklin Avenue Shuttle
 * 42nd Street Shuttle (also called the Grand Central/Times Square Shuttle) (internally referred to as the 0)
 * Rockaway Park Shuttle (also called Rockaway Shuttle) (internally referred to as the H)
 * S Castro Shuttle in San Francisco
 * S Line (Utah Transit Authority), a streetcar running between Salt Lake City and South Salt Lake in Utah, United States that is operated by the Utah Transit Authority
 * S-Train variant of MTR CNR Changchun EMU, a driverless three-car multiple unit operating on the South Island line of Hong Kong
 * Milan S Lines, the commuter rail system of the city of Milan, Italy

title: S Train


text: User talk:84.92.194.54

title: User talk:84.92.194.54