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Rhyzobius

 * Rhizobius is a genus in the fungi kingdom (see Disease resistance in fruit and vegetables), as well as an obsolete name for the aphid genus Pemphigus.

Rhyzobius is a genus in the lady beetle family (Coccinellidae). It belongs to tribe Coccidulini of subfamily Coccidulinae, which is sometimes subsumed in the Coccinellinae as a tribe with the Coccidulini downranked to subtribe.

The genus was established by J.F. Stephens in 1832. Often misspelled as "Rhizobius", that is actually an older name, now suppressed, for a genus of wooly aphids. The misspelling was first made in the original description in 1832; however, Stephens had used the name in 1829 already (as nomen nudum) and written it "Rhyzobius", so this spelling is used now. Louis Agassiz in 1846 argued that Stephens intended to write "Rhizobius" all along and formally proposed to change the name thus, but this is considered unwarranted.

Species of Rhyzobius can be found almost anywhere on Earth. Rhyzobius lophanthae is used for biological pest control in Australia, namely scale insects (Coccoidea).

Species
106 species are recognised in the most recent worldwide revision, including:

 * Rhyzobius bassus Normand, 1938 g
 * Rhyzobius bielawskii Tomaszewska, 2010 g
 * Rhyzobius bipartitus Fuente, 1918 g
 * Rhyzobius chrysomeloides (Herbst, 1792) g
 * Rhyzobius fagus (Broun, 1880) g
 * Rhyzobius forestieri (Mulsant, 1853) i c g b
 * Rhyzobius litura (Fabricius, 1787) g
 * Rhyzobius lophanthae (Blaisdell, 1892) i c g b (purple scale predator)
 * Rhyzobius nigripennis Fauvel, 1903 g
 * Rhyzobius oculatissimus Wollaston, 1857 g
 * Rhyzobius pulchellus (Montrouzier, 1861) g
 * Rhyzobius ventralis (Erichson, 1842) i c g
 * Rhyzobius wanati Tomaszewska, 2010 g

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rhyzobius


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Auburn, Alabama/archive1

Auburn, Alabama
I've just finished a major re-write of this article. It's also the first major article I've written and I'd like to get some feedback on possible changes that would improve the quality of the article. Particular emphasis on areas where there is deviation from appropriate Wikipedia styles is requested.--Lissoy 03:52, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow, I've not read too many articles this good in a long time. It is well written, and keeps my interest.  There is also an abundance of references and sections on every important point, with acceptable levels of information.  It has a few minor grammatical errors (I corrected a few_, but nothing big.  I like it.--naryathegreat | (talk) 02:22, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Good catch on the grammar corrections.--Lissoy 02:42, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

1) You'd have to summarise the =history= here and move the detail to History of Auburn 2) Please put a smaller image in the leadin section. 3) You have a lot of references, but which reference corresonds to which fact? you would have to use inline references. See Welding and Kalimpong for inline use. Any chance for a ==media== section? you could expand the =government= and =economy= section. Overall 6/10. Is not in the same league of comprehensiveness like FA's Mumbai, Johannesburg (large city) or Kalimpong (small town) though. What I like is the neatness of the page; the headings are well done. = Nichalp  ( Talk )= 19:30, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * You might want to relabel the picture at the top to indicate that the view is downtown Auburn as seen from Haley Center on the University campus. Otherwise, a very good article. Great job.--Alabamaboy 23:43, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)


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Los Angeles Sentinel

The Los Angeles Sentinel is a weekly African-American owned newspaper published in Los Angeles, California. The paper boasts of reaching 125,000 readers, making it one of the oldest, largest and most influential African-American newspapers in the Western United States. The Sentinel was also noted for their coverage of the changing African-American daily life experience in the post-1992 Los Angeles Riots era.

The Sentinel was founded in 1933 by Leon H. Washington Jr. for Black readers. Since that time, the newspaper has been considered a staple of Black life in Los Angeles. The paper mainly focuses on and thus enjoys most of its circulation in the predominantly African-American neighborhoods of South Los Angeles, Inglewood and Compton. The office is on Crenshaw Boulevard with commercial corridor in the Hyde Park neighborhood which is known as "the heart of African American commerce in Los Angeles".

On March 17, 2004, the Sentinel was purchased and came under the direction of real estate developer and community activist Danny Bakewell. He planned to provide the diversity of thought that exists among African Americans with opinion columns and editorials. He also wanted to cover business and reach young people.

Notable people

 * Larry Aubry, columnist, activist, known as the "Conscious of Black LA
 * Robert C. Farrell (born 1936), journalist and member of the Los Angeles City Council, 1974–91
 * Gertrude Gipson, editor and columnist
 * Brad Pye, Jr. (born 1931), sports and managing editor city editor, columnist (Prying Pye), radio sports broadcast journalist.
 * Patricia "Pat" Newman (1935–1981) journalist, hostess of Pat's Points Sunday morning talk show, community activist, feminist.
 * David Glenn Brown (born 1954) award-winning political cartoonist, educator and publisher. NAACP Image Award 2009. Sentinel political cartoonist 2003–present

title: Los Angeles Sentinel


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Claiborne Pell Newport Bridge

The Claiborne Pell Bridge, commonly known as the Newport Bridge, is a suspension bridge operated by the Rhode Island Turnpike and Bridge Authority that spans the East Passage of the Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island (northeastern United States). The bridge, part of RI 138, connects the city of Newport on Aquidneck Island and the Town of Jamestown on Conanicut Island, and is named for longtime Rhode Island U.S. senator Claiborne Pell who lived in Newport. The Pell Bridge is in turn connected to the mainland by the Jamestown Verrazzano Bridge.

Dimensions
The main span of the Newport Bridge is 488 m, making it the longest suspension bridge in New England. The overall length of the bridge is 3,428 m. Its main towers reach 122 m above the water surface, and the roadway height reaches as high as 66 m. It is four lanes wide, two in each direction. On a clear day, the bridge's towers are visible from the observation plaza at the Gay Head Light in Aquinnah on the Massachusetts island of Martha's Vineyard, from the upper floors of skyscrapers in Providence (approximately 22 miles), and as far northwest as the parking lot of Stone Hill Marketplace in Johnston, RI (approximately 23 miles) and Interstate 295 south in Smithfield north of U.S. Route 44. The Providence skyline is likewise visible from the bridge deck.

Tolls
The Claiborne Pell Newport Bridge is a toll bridge. As of 2022, the toll is US$4.00 for cars with a non-resident EZ-Pass, and US$6.00 for cars without an EZ-Pass. The toll for Rhode Island residents with an EZ-Pass is US$0.83.

From its opening in 1969 until 2009, the toll could be paid by cash or with tokens, which were purchased at the RIBTA office in Jamestown. E-ZPass was introduced as a toll payment in 2008. Shortly thereafter, the tokens were phased out as a form of toll payment. The final day that tokens were accepted on the bridge was December 31, 2009. Following that date, the only accepted forms of payment were cash or E-ZPass.

Rhode Island residents with a Rhode Island E-ZPass pay a discounted toll of only 83 cents once they sign up for the RIR-RI Resident Discount Plan. Early in 2012, the Authority had voted to raise tolls for passenger vehicles to $5. However, on June 15, 2012, this plan was abolished as Rhode Island lawmakers approved tolls to be added to the newly built Sakonnet River Bridge in the future. The bridge also charges a fee equal to the toll for improperly mounted E-ZPass transponders that require a toll-booth operator to manually raise the gate. Out-of-state residents pay full price, even with a Rhode Island E-ZPass, making this bridge the only toll facility in the U.S. to give a residence discount that isn't limited to the adjacent neighborhoods. The bridge was the only toll road in Rhode Island until August 19, 2013, when the Authority began collecting tolls on the new Sakonnet River Bridge. However, toll collection on that bridge ended on June 20, 2014.

Cash tolling was discontinued on the bridge in October 2021 in favor of all-electronic tolling through EZ-Pass or bill-by-mail.

Bicycles and pedestrians are not permitted on this bridge, but Rhode Island Public Transit Authority bus #64 has bike racks for weekday and Saturday travel.

History
The bridge was constructed from 1966 to 1969 at a cost of U.S.$54,742,000 by the Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade & Douglas company.

The bridge opened on June 28, 1969, with ceremonies, celebrations, and fanfare.

The bridge was renamed for U.S. Senator Claiborne Pell in 1992, though it is still commonly referred to as the Newport Bridge by residents of nearby towns.

The bridge was featured on the Rhode Island state quarter in 2001.

The first time that runners were allowed over the bridge was when a group of 300 runners ran over in the early 1980s in a half-marathon for Save The Bay. In the fall of 2011, the inaugural Citizens Bank Newport Pell Bridge Run was held which marked the first time in recent history that runners were allowed to cross the bridge (which was closed to traffic).

Introduction of E-ZPass
In the spring of 2012, the Bridge Authority brought Open Road Tolling to the Pell bridge, allowing drivers with E-ZPass to pass through a special E-ZPass only toll lane at 40 mph. Violators are subject to a $10 fine, on top of the unpaid toll. The new lanes opened to traffic on June 22, in time for the America's Cup sailing race being held in Newport. Before the establishment of the E-ZPass system of toll collection, toll discounts were available to the general population through the use of tokens. A roll of 9 bridge crossing tokens could be purchased for $10 (plus one free crossing) bringing the effective price per crossing $1, available to anyone. The establishment of the E-ZPass system and the elimination of tokens also eliminated discounts for non-residents.

50th anniversary
In June 2019, a series of events were held to mark the 50th anniversary of the bridge. On June 28, a ribbon-cutting ceremony was held on the lawn of nearby Gurney's Newport Resort & Marina. In attendance were Senator Sheldon Whitehouse, Zechariah Chafee, son of the late Governor John Chafee, former Governor Donald Carcieri, Dallas Pell, daughter of late Senator Claiborne Pell, and Rep. David Cicilline. The ceremony included a U.S. Coast Guard flyover salute, a fireboat shooting water into the air, and two ribbon-cuttings. In addition, concerts were scheduled for Fort Adams State Park, along with cruises, fireworks, and other events. A documentary on the construction and history of the bridge, titled The Newport Bridge: A Rhode Island Icon, debuted on Rhode Island PBS on December 4.

Reconstruction of approach and onramps
The approach and access road to and from the bridge in Newport was initially intended to be part of a highway connecting to Rhode Island Route 24 in Portsmouth that was never completed. Instead, traffic from the bridge was unloaded at a stoplight on Admiral Kalbfus Highway facing the Newport Grand slot parlor. The onramp overpass for eastbound traffic coming off the Pell Bridge was locally dubbed the "Bridge to Nowhere" or "Highway to Nowhere". Plans to reconstruct and reconfigure the bridge access roads were made between 2001 and 2020. Ground was broken on the new onramp in July 2021. The new approach, which utilizes a former portion of Halsey Street, was opened in October 2022 for eastbound traffic. Traffic on and off the bridge began using the new connector roads in January 2023. A segment of JT Connell Highway that was bisected during the construction of the Newport Bridge was reconnected in March 2023, and provides a direct connection between the North End neighborhood and downtown Newport that had previously utilized the bridge ramps. The so-called "Bridge/Highway to Nowhere" overpass was demolished in April 2023.

Impact on the region
The building of the bridge changed Conanicut Island's lifestyle and economy significantly. Before the bridge, Jamestown was a "summer-resident town" accessible only by ferry on the east passage side and the Jamestown Bridge from the mainland over the west passage, in which one-third of the residents owned summer homes. After the bridge it has become a more wealthy community whose residents now commute to jobs and opportunities in neighboring towns. At the same time, the island's local commerce became more dependent on tourism by visitors from off-island.

title: Claiborne Pell Newport Bridge


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Pao Chui

Pao Chui is a Chinese martial art attributed to the Three August Ones: Fuxi, Shennong, and Gonggong.

The spread of Pao Chui was due in part to its early association with Shaolin. Pao Chui was one of the earliest styles to be imported intact into the martial arts curriculum at the Shaolin Monastery. According to legend, the Shaolin monks learned Pao Chui from a martial artist of Mount Emei. At a festival thrown by the Emperor Gaozu, the Shaolin monk Tanzong gave a demonstration of Pao Chui.

Chen-style tai chi includes a Pao Chui routine in its curriculum.

title: Pao Chui


text: User talk:69.114.82.33

title: User talk:69.114.82.33


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-06-13/ESA meeting

In an effort to facilitate the use of content under free licenses, representatives from the Wikimedia Foundation have arranged two meetings in the near future that will hopefully help improve matters. One meeting is directed toward obtaining more content compatible with Wikipedia's license, while the other is focused on improving the license itself.

Last Saturday, it was announced that a meeting has been arranged with the European Space Agency (ESA), to be held in two weeks, in an effort to open access to more content for Wikimedia projects. According to notafish, the French chapter of the Wikimedia Foundation will be meeting with the Division of Communication of the ESA on 27 June in Paris. This division is responsible for handling the rights to reuse ESA images and multimedia.

In the United States, where works produced by the federal government are in the public domain by law, a great deal of material generated by government agencies has been used to help build Wikipedia's content. For example, content from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the ESA's American counterpart, provides the bulk of illustrations for articles related to space exploration. A number of US government photographs are also among Wikipedia's featured pictures.

This meeting is the result of an exchange of communications between the ESA and Arnomane, who has been trying to negotiate the release of ESA images under a free license since last year. While the meeting is an important step toward gaining access to important resources, dramatic immediate results should not be expected. The goal of this initial contact is simply to "present the Wikimedia projects and lay out the basis of a possible future collaboration."

Meanwhile, Wikimedia Trustee Angela Beesley reports that Jimmy Wales will be meeting with Eben Moglen, who helped draft the GNU licenses as counsel for the Free Software Foundation, on 15 June. The purpose of the meeting to discuss possible changes to the GNU Free Documentation License, and provides an opportunity for the Foundation, as one of the license's biggest users, to have input on its future development. Wales has previously indicated, however, that it will be difficult to satisfy hopes for full compatibility with Creative Commons licenses; making compliance with the current license less burdensome for Wikipedia and downstream users is a more realistic goal at this point.


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Jeannot Szwarc

Jeannot Szwarc (born November 21, 1939) is a French director of film and television, known for such films as Jaws 2, Somewhere in Time, Supergirl and Santa Claus: The Movie. He has also produced and written for TV.

Life and career
Szwarc was born in Paris. He began working as a director in American television during the 1960s, in particular on Ironside. He has also directed episodes of The Rockford Files, Kojak, Night Gallery, JAG, Bones, Castle, Numbers, Columbo, Heroes, and dozens of other series.

His feature films include Bug (1975), Jaws 2 (1978), Somewhere in Time (1980), Supergirl (1984) and Santa Claus: The Movie (1985). During the 1990s, he worked in his country of birth where he directed three feature films including La Vengeance d'une blonde (1994). Afterwards, he returned to the United States where he directed television films and series.

In 2003, Szwarc joined the crew of The WB/CW television series Smallville as a director. One of the major episodes he directed was "Homecoming", the 200th episode of the series.

Szwarc co-directed, with Miguel Sapochnik, the fifth and final season premiere of the science-fiction/crime series Fringe. He has directed multiple other episodes of the series throughout its run.

He is a graduate of Harvard University.

Feature films

 * 1973 - Extreme Close-Up
 * 1975 - Bug
 * 1978 - Jaws 2
 * 1980 - Somewhere in Time
 * 1982 - Enigma
 * 1984 - Supergirl
 * 1985 - Santa Claus: The Movie
 * 1988 - Honor Bound
 * 1994 - La Vengeance d'une blonde
 * 1996 - Hercule et Sherlock
 * 1997 - Les soeurs Soleil

Television films

 * 1972 - Night of Terror
 * 1972 - The Weekend Nun
 * 1973 - The Devil's Daughter
 * 1973 - You'll Never See Me Again
 * 1973 - Lisa, Bright and Dark
 * 1973 - A Summer Without Boys
 * 1974 - The Small Miracle
 * 1975 - Something Wonderful Happens Every Spring
 * 1975 - Crime Club
 * 1977 - Code Name: Diamond Head
 * 1986 - The Murders in the Rue Morgue
 * 1987 - Grand Larceny
 * 1990 - Have a Nice Night
 * 1991 - Mountain of Diamonds
 * 1995 - Schrecklicher Verdacht
 * 1995 - The Rockford Files: A Blessing in Disguise
 * 1996 - The Rockford Files: If the Frame Fits...

Television series

 * Ironside (2 episodes)
 * It Takes a Thief (3 episodes)
 * Alias Smith and Jones (1 episode)
 * Baretta (4 episodes)
 * The Rockford Files (3 episodes)
 * The Six Million Dollar Man (1 episode)
 * Kojak (13 episodes)
 * Night Gallery (19 episodes)
 * Columbo: Lovely but Lethal (1 episode)
 * The Twilight Zone (2 episodes)
 * Prigioniera di una vendetta (mini-series)
 * Seven Days (1 episode)
 * Providence (1 episode)
 * JAG (19 episodes)
 * The Practice (18 episodes)
 * Philly (1 episode)
 * CSI: Miami (1 episode)
 * Ally McBeal (5 episodes)
 * Smallville (14 episodes)
 * Without a Trace (12 episodes)
 * Boston Legal (2 episodes)
 * Heroes (6 episodes)
 * Cold Case (7 episodes)
 * Bones (10 episodes)
 * Supernatural (5 episodes)
 * Designated Survivor (1 episode)
 * Raising the Bar (3 episodes)
 * Numbers (1 episode)
 * Grey's Anatomy (7 episodes)
 * Fringe (7 episodes)
 * The Protector (1 episode)
 * Private Practice (4 episodes)
 * Scandal (2 episodes)
 * Castle (4 episodes)
 * Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders (1 episode)

title: Jeannot Szwarc


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Periphyton

Periphyton is a complex mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus that is attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystems. The related term Aufwuchs (German "surface growth" or "overgrowth", ) refers to the collection of small animals and plants that adhere to open surfaces in aquatic environments, such as parts of rooted plants.

Periphyton serves as an important food source for invertebrates, tadpoles, and some fish. It can also absorb contaminants, removing them from the water column and limiting their movement through the environment. The periphyton is also an important indicator of water quality; responses of this community to pollutants can be measured at a variety of scales representing physiological to community-level changes. Periphyton has often been used as an experimental system in, e.g., pollution-induced community tolerance studies.

Composition
In both marine and freshwater environments, algae – particularly green algae and diatoms – make up the dominant component of surface growth communities. Small crustaceans, rotifers, and protozoans are also commonly found in fresh water and the sea, but insect larvae, oligochaetes and tardigrades are peculiar to freshwater aufwuchs faunas.

Uses
Periphyton communities are used in aquaculture food production systems for the removal of solid and dissolved pollutants. Their performance in filtration is established and their application as aquacultural feed is being researched.

Periphyton serves as an indicator of water quality because:

 * It has a naturally high number of species.
 * It has a fast response to changes.
 * It is easy to sample.
 * It is known for tolerance/sensitivity to change.

Threats
A risk for periphyton stems from urbanization. Increased turbidity levels associated with urban sprawl can smother periphyton causing its detachment from the rocks on which it lives. It can be important for the clearance of harmful chemicals and reducing turbidity.

Food source
Many aquatic animals feed extensively on periphyton. The mbuna cichlids from Lake Malawi are particularly well known examples of fish adapted for feeding on periphyton. Examples include Labeotropheus trewavasae and Pseudotropheus zebra. They have scraper-like teeth that allow them to rasp the periphyton from rocks. In marine communities, periphyton food sources are important for animals such as limpets and sea urchins. Another amphibian that feasts on periphyton are spring peepers, small chorus frogs that occupy many ponds throughout Canada and the eastern United States. Spring peepers filter periphyton from the environmental surfaces of their habitat.

title: Periphyton


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Goldfinger

Goldfinger may refer to:

James Bond

 * Goldfinger (novel), a 1959 James Bond novel written by Ian Fleming
 * Goldfinger (film), a 1964 James Bond film starring Sean Connery
 * Goldfinger (soundtrack), the soundtrack to the film composed by John Barry
 * "Goldfinger" (Shirley Bassey song), the title song of the film performed by Shirley Bassey
 * Auric Goldfinger, the eponymous villain of the novel and film Goldfinger
 * James Bond 007: Goldfinger, a 1986 videogame; see James Bond in video games
 * Goldfinger (adventure), a 1983 adventure scenario for the role-playing game James Bond 007

Music

 * Goldfinger (band), a Los Angeles punk rock band
 * Goldfinger (album), the 1996 first album by Goldfinger
 * "Goldfinger" (Ash song), 1996
 * "Goldfinger", a song by Die Krupps from Volle Kraft voraus!
 * "Goldfinger 2019", a song by Japanese musician Koda Kumi

People

 * Goldfinger (surname)

People with the nickname

 * Andrew Gilding (born 1970, nickname "Goldfinger"), English darts player
 * Samaresh Jung (born 1970, nicknamed "Goldfinger"), Indian sport shooter
 * John Palmer (1950–2015, nicknamed "Goldfinger"), British criminal

Other uses

 * Goldfinger (dragster), an early slingshot dragster
 * Goldfinger banana, a banana cultivar developed in Honduras
 * Goldfinger v. Feintuch, a 1930s New York court case concerning secondary boycotts
 * The Goldfinger (film), a 2023 Hong Kong crime thriller
 * Edge connector, alternatively called "gold fingers"

title: Goldfinger


text:
SimIsle: Missions in the Rainforest

SimIsle: Missions in the Rainforest is a construction and management simulation game published by Maxis in 1995. Though it was not developed by Maxis, they still referred to it as a "software toy" instead of a "video game" because it remained faithful to the philosophy of the company.

Gameplay
The player chooses one of several dozen fictional tropical archipelago islands of various shapes and sizes to simulate. The islands have varying amounts of open plains, forests, mountains, natural resources, and native peoples. The amount of pre-developed land also varies but most of the islands are largely nondeveloped when a new simulation begins. Each scenario has objectives and win/lose conditions. Each map can be started with the scenario objectives turned on or off, and the simulation can continue in free form after successfully completing the initial task.

The game engine has a passing similarity to that of SimCity 2000. For example, the island maps are projected isometrically and can be rotated in 90° intervals. However, the terrain graphics are more sophisticated than Sim City 2000.

In similar Maxis titles, player actions, such as placing buildings, are completed instantaneously. SimIsle is instead played through the hiring of intermediary agents. The agents have varying skills and profiles, and take varying amounts of time to complete each project.

Human Resources (HQ)
The agents are managed through the Agent HQ, which appears on every map. Each isle comes with a number of pre-selected agents. Others can be hired using the Agent HQ facility. Agents can be fired or trained while they are stationed at the Agent HQ. Each agent usually has two skills (such as Construction, Industry, Flora and Forestry, Exploration, Local Culture, Negotiation, Employment, or Criminal Contacts). Some assignments require more than one skill; if a single agent doesn't have all the necessary talents, two or more agents can be used to finish the task. An agent's skill set also determines where the agent is allowed to move on the map. For example, agents with the "Exploration" skill are allowed to move onto jungle squares and may discover hidden objects in doing so. It's not possible to train agents in new skills, but they can be trained to increase the effectiveness of the skills they already have.

Economics
SimIsle has its own currency, known as the EMU, or Ecological Monetary Unit. Each island has varying deposits of natural resources such as lumber, coal, gold, iron, and oil which can be gathered by building an appropriate facility (such as a mine, logging camp, or oil rig) on a tile which contains the resource. Once the facility is built, it operates more or less autonomously and will produce the specified resource at a rate determined by various factors including the richness of the deposit in that area.

Food and unskilled labor are supplied by the native villages dotted across each island. Initially, the native villages have low populations and are only capable of producing enough food to support the lone settlement. Agents with the appropriate skills can be sent to the villages to train them, which increases their ability to produce food. This in turn allows the village population to increase. The additional villagers can then be used to found new villages or act as an unskilled labor pool. The surplus food produced can be used to support populations in towns and cities (which are built by the player) which can then be used to obtain skilled labor. The native population has a happiness level that can be adversely affected by environmental conditions or by drawing too many unskilled laborers. Unhappy villages will sometimes start growing narcotics, which can be exploited for profit using an agent with the Criminal Contacts skill.

Most extraction facilities require unskilled labor to build them. Other facilities can then be built to produce lower-end goods that can be sold for profit, used in cities or used as part of the supply line in building higher end goods. The various facilities in this supply chain are connected by roads built automatically.

An AI manages what resources are distributed where and one of the challenges of the game is balancing supply with demand. In most cases, it is possible to simply buy equipment and goods needed to jumpstart production or build new facilities, but this is not effective in the long haul since it is expensive and must be performed manually by the player. Idle facilities that are starved because resources are not distributed to them or simply because none are available can become quite costly. Most resource deposits do not provide infinite supplies, which means most supply chains cannot function without player interaction forever nor can a single simulation indefinitely support heavy industry.

Various facilities can be created that bring tourism to the island such as airports and ferries. They act in a manner similar to other resource facilities like mines (although the "used up" tourists are returned, unlike mines). The next facility in the tourism supply line is tourist accommodations which can be upgraded both in size and quality and produce income. From there tourists will visit tourist attractions that can be built or discovered in the jungles by using an Agent with the exploration skill. Attractions not built by the player often have to be opened to the public explicitly and then upgraded before they become effective in drawing tourists.

Reception
A Next Generation critic complimented the artwork and video sequences, but said the game is overall too similar to previous Maxis titles to be of interest to anyone but simulation fanatics. He also found the "agents" mechanic to be ineffective due to the frustration of having to memorize the agents' skills. He gave the game two out of five stars.

title: SimIsle: Missions in the Rainforest


text:
Ken Dorsey

Kenneth Simon Dorsey (born April 22, 1981) is an American football coach and former quarterback who is the offensive coordinator for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes, where he won the national championship and the Maxwell Award in 2001. He was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the seventh round of the 2003 NFL Draft, later playing for the Cleveland Browns and the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL), before retiring in 2010.

Dorsey became a coach in 2013, serving as the quarterbacks coach for the Carolina Panthers, after serving as a pro scout for the team from 2011 to 2012. He later became a coach with the Buffalo Bills, serving as their quarterbacks coach and eventually offensive coordinator. In 2024, Dorsey was hired as offensive coordinator for the Cleveland Browns.

Early life
Dorsey attended Miramonte High School in Orinda, California, and was a letterman in football and basketball. In football, he was a USA Today Honorable Mention All-USA selection. In basketball, he was a two-year letterman and as a senior, averaged 10.0 points, 8 rebounds, and 5 steals per game.

College
Although not highly touted when he came out of high school, Dorsey would eventually become the winningest quarterback in University of Miami history. He posted a record of 38–2 as the team's starting quarterback, including a 34 game winning streak. Dorsey also effectively rewrote the school record book, setting career records for total offense (9,486 yards), passing yards (9,565), passing touchdowns (86), pass completions (668), pass attempts (1,153), victories as a starting quarterback (38), winning percentage by a starting quarterback (.974), 200-yard passing performances (31), consecutive passes without an interception (193), consecutive games with a touchdown pass (31), and touchdown passes in a game (5). He led the Hurricanes to back to back BCS National Championship game appearances, winning the 2002 Rose Bowl, and appearing in the 2003 Fiesta Bowl.

In 2001 Dorsey led the Hurricanes to an undefeated 12–0 season and was named the co-MVP of the 2002 Rose Bowl (in which Miami defeated the University of Nebraska) to win the 2001 BCS National Championship. His 2001 Miami team has been considered one of the best and most talented college football teams of all time.

Dorsey was named Offensive Player of the Year twice (2001, 2002), and First-team All-Big East three times (2000, 2001, 2002). Dorsey was also a finalist for the Heisman Trophy in both 2001 and 2002 and the winner of the 2001 Maxwell Award, which is given to the national collegiate player of the year.

In 2002, Dorsey was once again a finalist for the Heisman Trophy and led the ‘Canes to a second consecutive undefeated regular season and a national championship game berth in the 2003 Fiesta Bowl. However Miami would fall to the Ohio State University Buckeyes in double-overtime. In that game Dorsey passed for 296 yards, 2 touchdowns, and 2 interceptions. Miami finished the season 12–1, ranking second behind the Buckeyes. Dorsey finished the season with 3,369 passing yards, 28 touchdowns, and 12 interceptions.

Dorsey was inducted into the University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame at its 45th Annual Induction Banquet on Thursday, April 11, 2013, at Jungle Island in Miami.

San Francisco 49ers
Despite a strong college career, Dorsey was selected in the seventh round with the 241st overall pick of the 2003 NFL Draft by the San Francisco 49ers, due in part to concerns over Dorsey's arm strength. In his first two seasons in the NFL, he played in nine games (starting in seven), completing 171 of his 316 pass attempts, and throwing for 1,712 yards and eight touchdowns with eleven interceptions. He started the 2005 season as the third quarterback behind Tim Rattay and #1 pick Alex Smith, moving into the backup role after the trade of Rattay to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He went on to start three games for the injured Alex Smith. In a Week 11 game against the Seattle Seahawks, Dorsey led an inspired comeback and was a two-point conversion away from sending the game into overtime.

Cleveland Browns
In May 2006, Dorsey was traded to the Cleveland Browns along with a seventh round pick in the 2007 NFL Draft for veteran quarterback Trent Dilfer, after having just re-signed with the 49ers. During training camp, Dorsey and Derek Anderson competed for the 2nd string position behind starter Charlie Frye. In the battle which ended in a virtual tie, Dorsey went on to serve as the third-string quarterback behind Anderson for all of the 2006 season. Dorsey was named the starter for the week 17 game against the Houston Texans but the previously injured Charlie Frye replaced him just minutes before the game. The Browns went on to lose to the Texans as Frye threw an interception and no touchdown passes.

The Browns drafted quarterback Brady Quinn of the University of Notre Dame with the 22nd overall pick in the 2007 NFL Draft. Frye, Anderson, Quinn, and Dorsey competed for position on the Browns' quarterback depth chart throughout the 2007 NFL Pre-season. On September 1, 2007, the Browns released Dorsey. After a disappointing loss to Pittsburgh in Week 1, Frye was traded to Seattle and Dorsey was re-signed by the Browns in a reserve role. Derek Anderson had a break-through season in 2007, further diminishing the chances of Dorsey receiving playing time.

On November 30, 2008, Dorsey was sent into the game against the Indianapolis Colts after Derek Anderson was injured; he threw three passes, two incomplete, the other an interception.

On December 2, Derek Anderson was put on injured reserve ending his season. Dorsey was named the starter for the remainder of the 2008 season. However, Dorsey was injured during the December 21 game that was against the Bengals. Fourth string quarterback Bruce Gradkowski started in place of Dorsey in week 17 against the Pittsburgh Steelers.

Dorsey was released by the Browns on February 9, 2009.

Toronto Argonauts
On May 26, 2010, Dorsey signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League, where he backed up former Miami Dolphins quarterback Cleo Lemon. On May 3, 2011, Dorsey announced his retirement from professional football.

High school
For a brief time, Dorsey was the quarterbacks coach for the Lakewood Ranch Mustangs high school football team in Lakewood Ranch, Florida. On April 26, 2011, he was named offensive coordinator at nearby Riverview High School (Sarasota, Florida).

Carolina Panthers
On August 15, 2011, Dorsey was hired by the Carolina Panthers as a pro scout. During the 2011 off season, Dorsey was an IMG employee. On January 23, 2013, Dorsey transitioned to the Panthers' coaching staff and was hired as their quarterbacks coach under head coach Ron Rivera. In the 2015 season, Dorsey and the Panthers reached Super Bowl 50 on February 7, 2016. The Panthers fell to the Denver Broncos by a score of 24–10. On January 9, 2018, Dorsey, alongside offensive coordinator Mike Shula, was fired by the Panthers, after spending five seasons with the team.

Florida International University
On March 26, 2018, Dorsey was hired to serve as the assistant director of athletics for the sports program at Florida International University effective April 2018. Former Carolina Panthers quarterback Cam Newton was quoted as saying "He'll bring a newness and spark to FIU. Not only is he a hard worker, but he has a vibrant killer instinct.  He's a known proven winner over the years."

Buffalo Bills
On February 2, 2019, Dorsey was hired by the Buffalo Bills as their quarterbacks coach under head coach Sean McDermott. Prior to accepting the quarterback coach position with the Bills, Dorsey initially accepted an offensive assistant position with Appalachian State University under new head coach Eliah Drinkwitz.

Following the 2020 season, Dorsey reportedly was approached by multiple NFL teams including the Seattle Seahawks and the Detroit Lions regarding their vacant offensive coordinator positions. The Bills promoted Dorsey to passing game coordinator and quarterbacks coach in 2021.

On February 1, 2022, Dorsey was promoted to offensive coordinator, replacing Brian Daboll, who left to become the head coach of the New York Giants.

After Dorsey and the Bills won the first two games of the 2022 season in dominating fashion, he received national attention for an incident following the Bills' last-second loss to the rival Miami Dolphins in week 3. At the end of the game, Dorsey was caught on-camera reacting emotionally in the coaches' box, slamming his hat, headset, and Microsoft Surface tablet on the table before the telecast cut away. Dorsey's reaction received a polarized response from fans, players, and analysts. The Bills ultimately finished the 2022 season second in points scored and yardage in Dorsey's first year as offensive coordinator.

On November 14, 2023, Dorsey was fired by the Bills after a 5–5 start to the season, including a slump that saw the Bills lose 4 of 6 games while struggling on offense. He was succeeded by quarterbacks coach Joe Brady.

Cleveland Browns
On February 5, 2024, the Browns hired Dorsey to be the offensive coordinator under head coach Kevin Stefanski.

title: Ken Dorsey


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Utpal Dutt

Utpal Dutt (29 March 1929 – 19 August 1993) was an Indian actor, director, and writer-playwright. He was primarily an actor in Bengali theatre, where he became a pioneering figure in Modern Indian theatre, when he founded the "Little Theatre Group" in 1949. This group enacted many English, Shakespearean and Brecht plays, in a period now known as the "Epic theatre" period, before it immersed itself completely in highly political and radical theatre. His plays became an apt vehicle for the expression of his Marxist ideologies, visible in socio-political plays such as Kallol (1965), Manusher Adhikar, Louha Manob (1964), Tiner Toloar and Maha-Bidroha. He also acted in over 100 Bengali and Hindi films in a career spanning 40 years, and remains most known for his roles in films such as Mrinal Sen’s Bhuvan Shome (1969), Satyajit Ray’s Agantuk (1991), Gautam Ghose’s Padma Nadir Majhi (1992) and Hrishikesh Mukherjee's breezy Hindi comedies such as Gol Maal (1979) and Rang Birangi (1983). He also did the role of a sculptor, Sir Digindra Narayan, in the episode Seemant Heera of Byomkesh Bakshi (TV series) on Doordarshan in 1993, shortly before his death.

He received National Film Award for Best Actor in 1970 and three Filmfare Best Comedian Awards. In 1990, the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance and Theatre, awarded him its highest award, the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship for lifetime contribution to theatre.

Early life and education
Utpal Dutta was born into a Bengali Kayastha family on 29 March 1929 in Barisal. His father was Girijaranjan Dutta. He graduated with English Literature Honours from St. Xavier's College, Calcutta, University of Calcutta.

Career
Though he was active primarily in Bengali theatre, he started his career in English theatre. As a teenager in the 1940s, he developed his passion and craft in English theatre, which resulted in the establishment of "The Shakespeareans" in 1947. Its first performance was a powerful production of Shakespeare's Richard III, with Dutt playing the king. This so impressed Geoffrey Kendal and Laura Kendal (parents of the actress Jennifer Kendal), who led the itinerant "Shakespeareana Theatre Company", that they immediately hired him, and he did two year-long tours with them across India and Pakistan, enacting Shakespeare's plays, first 1947–49 and later 1953–54; and was acclaimed for his passionate portrayal of Othello. After the Kendals left India for the first time in 1949, Utpal Dutt renamed his group the "Little Theatre Group" (LTG), and over the next three years, continued to perform and produce plays by Ibsen, Shaw, Tagore, Gorky and Konstantin Simonov. The group later decided to stage exclusively Bengali plays and to eventually evolve into a production company that would produce several Bengali movies. He also remained an active member of Gananatya Sangha, which performed through rural areas of West Bengal.

He was also a founding member of Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA), an organisation known for its leftist leaning, but left it after a couple of years, when he started his theatre group. He wrote and directed what he called "Epic Theatre", a term he borrowed from Bertolt Brecht, to bring about discussion and change in Bengal. His Brecht Society, formed in 1948, was presided by Satyajit Ray. He became one of the most influential personalities in the Group Theatre movement. While accepting Brecht's belief of the audience being "co-authors" of the theatre, he rejected orthodoxies of "Epic theatre" as being impractical in India. He also remained a teacher of English at the South Point School in Kolkata.

Soon he would turn to his native Bengali, producing translations of several Shakespearean tragedies and the works of Russian classicists into Bengali. Starting in 1954, he wrote and directed controversial Bengali political plays, and also Maxim Gorky's Lower Depths in Bengali in 1957. In 1959, the LTG secured the lease of Minerva Theatre, Kolkata, where most notably Angar (Coal) (1959), based on the exploitation of coal-miners was showcased. For the next decade the group staged several plays here, with him as an impresario, and he still is remembered as one of the last pioneering actor-managers of Indian theatre. He also formed groups like Arjo Opera and Bibek Yatra Samaj.

Meanwhile, his transition to films happened while performing the role of Othello, when famous filmmaker Madhu Bose happened to be watching, and gave him the lead in his film Michael Madhusudan (1950), based on the life of the revolutionary Indian poet Michael Madhusudan Dutt. Later, he himself wrote a play on the fragmented colonial psyche of Michael Madhusudan Dutt, and the ambivalence of swaying between "colonial" admiration and "anti-colonial" revolt. He went on to act in many Bengali films, including many films by Satyajit Ray.

Dutt was also an extremely famous comic actor in Hindi cinema, though he acted in only a handful of Hindi films. He acted in comedy movies, the most notable ones being Guddi, Gol Maal, Naram Garam, Rang Birangi and Shaukeen. He received Filmfare Best Comedian Award for Golmaal, Naram Garam and Rang Birangi. He appeared in Bhuvan Shome, (for which he was awarded the National Film Award for Best Actor), Ek Adhuri Kahani and Chorus, all by Mrinal Sen; Agantuk, Jana Aranya, Joi Baba Felunath and Hirak Rajar Deshe, by Satyajit Ray; Paar and Padma Nadir Majhi, by Gautam Ghose; Bombay Talkie, The Guru, and Shakespeare Wallah, by James Ivory; Jukti Takko Aar Gappo, by Ritwik Ghatak; Guddi, Gol Maal and Kotwal Saab by Hrishikesh Mukherjee; Shaukeen, Priyatama and Hamari Bahu Alka directed by Basu Chatterjee and Amanush, Anand Ashram and Barsaat Ki Ek Raat by Shakti Samanta.

Utpal Dutt also played the main villain characters in some of the major successful Amitabh Bachchan starrers such as The Great Gambler, Inquilaab (film) and the bilingual Hindi/Bangla movie Barsaat Ki Ek Raat. In fact, Utpal Dutt was the Hero (main lead) in Amitabh Bachchan's maiden venture Saat Hindustani.

Dutt was also a lifelong Marxist and an active supporter of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), and his leftist "Revolutionary Theatre" was a phenomenon in the contemporary Bengali theatre. He staged many street dramas in favour of the Communist Party. He was jailed by the Congress government in West Bengal in 1965 and detained for several months, as the then state government feared that the subversive message of his play Kallol (Sound of the Waves), (based on the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946, which ran packed shows at Calcutta's Minerva Theatre), might provoke anti-government protests in West Bengal. The play turned out to be his longest-running play at the Minerva. Manusher Adhikare (Of People's Rights) in 1968, staged as a documentary drama, was a new genre in Bengali theatre before, though it turned out to be his last production of the group at the Minerva, as they soon left the theatre. Thereafter, the group was given the name the "People's Little Theatre"; as it took on yet another new direction, his work came closer to the people, and this phase played an important role in popularising Indian street theatre, as he started performing at street-corners or "poster" plays, in open spaces, without any aid or embellishment, before enormous crowds. The year also marked his transition into Jatra or Yatra Pala, a Bengali folk drama form, performed largely across rural West Bengal. He started writing Jatra scripts, produced and acted in them, even formed his own Jatra troupe. His jatra political dramas were often produced on open-air stages and symbolised his commitment to communist ideology, and today form his lasting legacy.

Through the 1970s three of his plays; Barricade, Dusswapner Nagari (City of Nightmares) and Ebaar Rajar Pala (Now it is the King's turn), drew crowds despite being officially banned.

He wrote Louha Manab (The Iron Man), in 1964 while still in jail, based on a real trial against a pro-Stalin, ex-Politburo member by supporters of Nikita Khrushchev in Moscow of 1963. It was first staged at Alipore Jail in 1965, by the People's Little Theatre. His stay in jail unleashed a new period of rebellious and politically charged plays, including Tiner Toloar (The Tin Sword), partially based on Pygmalion, Dushapner Nagari (Nightmare City), Manusher Odhikare (Rights Of Man), based on the Scottsboro Boys case, protests against the racial discrimination and injustice of the Scottsborough trial of 1931, Surya-Shikar (Hunting the Sun) (1978), Maha-Bidroha (The Great Rebellion) (1989), and Laal Durgo (Red Fort) (1990) about the demise of Communism, set in a fictitious East European country, and Janatar Aphim (Opiate of the People), (1990) lamented on Indian political parties exploiting religion for gain. In all, he wrote twenty-two full-length plays, fifteen poster plays, nineteen Jatra scripts, acted in thousands of shows, and directed more than sixty productions, apart from writing serious studies of Shakespeare, Girish Ghosh, Stanislavsky, Brecht, and revolutionary theatre, and translating Shakespeare and Brecht.

He also directed a number of films such as Megh (1961), a psychological thriller, Ghoom Bhangar Gaan (1965), Jhar (Storm) (1979), based on the Young Bengal movement, Baisakhi Megh (1981), Maa (1983) and Inquilab Ke Baad (1984).

Legacy
Forty years after the staging of the classic play Kallol which entails the story of the mutiny of Indian sailors against the British on the Arabian Sea, for which he was even imprisoned, was revived in 2005, as Gangabokshe Kallol, part of the state-funded "Utpal Dutt Natyotsav" (Utpal Dutt Theatre Festival), on an off-shore stage, by the Hooghly River in Kolkata.

The Last Lear, the 2007 English film based on his play Aajker Shahjahan, on an eccentric Shakespearean actor, and directed for the screen by Rituparno Ghosh, later won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English.

Personal life
In 1960, Dutt married theatre and film actress Shobha Sen. Their only daughter, Bishnupriya Dutt, is a professor of Theatre & Performance studies at the School of Arts & Aesthetics at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

Death
On 19 August 1993, Dutt died due to a heart attack right after he returned home from the S.S.K.M hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal where he had undergone dialysis.

Awards and recognition

 * 1990 Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship for lifetime contribution to theatre

Filmography
This is an incomplete filmography of Utpal Dutt.

 * Michael Madhusudhan (1950)
 * Vidyasagar (1950)
 * Vikram Urvashi (1954)
 * Rani Rasmani (1955)
 * ''Taka Ana Pay (1956)
 * Subhalagna (1956)
 * Harano Sur (1957)
 * Saptapadi (1961) (voice)
 * Rakta Palash (1962)
 * Shesh Anka (1963)
 * Surya Sikha (1963)
 * Momer Alo (1964)
 * Shakespeare-Wallah (1965)
 * Chowringhee (1968)
 * The Guru (1969)
 * Bhuvan Shome (1969)
 * Saat Hindustani (1969)
 * Bombay Talkie (1970)
 * Kalankita Nayak (1970)
 * Calcutta 71 (1971)
 * Guddi (1971)
 * Khunjey Berai (1971)
 * Ek Adhuri Kahani (1972)
 * Mere Jeevan Saathi (1972)
 * Sabse Bada Sukh (1972)
 * Honeymoon (1973)
 * Marjina Abdulla (1973)
 * Shriman Prithviraj (1973)
 * Asati (1974)
 * Chorus (1974)
 * Mr. Romeo (1974)
 * Jukti, Takko Aar Gappo (1974)
 * Thagini (1974)
 * Amanush (1975)
 * Julie (1975)
 * Anari (1975)
 * Palanka (1975)
 * Jana Aranya (1976)
 * Datta (1976)
 * Do Anjaane (1976)
 * Suntan (1976)
 * Sei Chokh (1976)
 * Shaque (1976)
 * Kotwal Saab (1977)
 * Yehi Hai Zindagi (1977)
 * Immaan Dharam (1977) as Balbir Singh, Military Man
 * Anand Ashram (1977)
 * Anurodh (1977)
 * Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaaye (1977)
 * Farishta Ya Qatil (1977)
 * Kissa Kursi Ka (1977)
 * Priyatama (1977)
 * Swami (1977)
 * Atithee (1978)
 * Striker (1978)
 * Safed Haathi (1978)
 * Dhanraj Tamang (1978)
 * Joi Baba Felunath (1978)
 * Toote Khilone (1978)
 * Kartavya (1979) as Dewan Dhanpati Rai
 * Gol Maal (1979)
 * The Great Gambler (1979)
 * Jhor (1979)
 * Prem Vivah (1979)
 * Agreement (1980)
 * Hirak Rajar Deshe (1980)
 * Paka Dekha (1980)
 * Apne Paraye (1980)
 * Ram Balram (1980)
 * Agni Pareeksha (1981)
 * Naram Garam (1981)
 * Barsaat Ki Ek Raat (1981) aka Anusandhan (India: Bengali title)
 * Chaalchitra (1981)
 * Meghmukti (1981)
 * Subarna Golak (1981)
 * Shaukeen (1981)
 * Baisakhi Megh (1981) as Colonel Manningham
 * Rajbadhu (1982)
 * Raaste Pyar Ke (1982)
 * Hamari Bahu Alka (1982)
 * Angoor (1982)
 * Achha Bura (1983)
 * Rang Birangi (1983)
 * Duti Pata (1983)
 * Kissi Se Na Kehna (1983)
 * Pasand Apni Apni (1983)
 * Shubh Kaamna (1983)
 * Love Marriage (1984)
 * John Jani Janardhan (1984)
 * Lakhon Ki Baat (1984)
 * Inquilaab (1984)
 * Paar (1984)
 * Yeh Desh (1984)
 * Saaheb (1985)
 * Harishchandra Shaibya (1985)
 * Aar Paar (1985)
 * Anyay Abichar (1985)
 * Ulta Seedha (1985)
 * Aap Ke Saath (1986)
 * Baat Ban Jaye (1986)
 * Kirayadar (1986)
 * Main Balwan (1986)
 * Pathbhola (1986)
 * Sadaa Suhagan (1986)
 * Kissa Kathmandu Ka (1986–1987, TV series)
 * Pyar Ke Kabil (1987)
 * Aaj Ka Robin Hood (1987)
 * Asha O Bhalobasha (1988)
 * Mahaveera (1988)
 * La Nuit Bengali (1988)
 * Bahurani (1989)
 * Jawani Zindabad (1990)
 * Mera Pati Sirf Mera Hai (1990)
 * Agantuk (1991)
 * Jaan Pechaan (1991)
 * Path-o-Prasad (1991)
 * Padma Nadir Majhi (1992)
 * ''Byomkesh Bakshi (1993)
 * Misti Madhur (1993)
 * Ajana Path (1994)
 * Mera Damad (1995) His last movie released after 2 years of his death.

Plays

 * Mirkassim
 * Tiner Talowar
 * Ferari Fauj
 * Boniker Rajdando
 * Barricade
 * Chayanat
 * Kangor Karagare
 * Kallol
 * Ongaar
 * Aajker Shahjahan
 * Lohaar Bheem
 * Mahusher Adhikarey
 * Ebar Rajar Pala
 * Danrao Pathikbar

Works

 * Girish Chandra Ghosh. Sahitya Akademi Publications. 1992. ISBN 81-7201-197-0. Excerpts
 * The Great Rebellion, 1857 (Mahabidroha), Seagull Books, 1986. ISBN 81-7046-032-8.
 * On Theatre, Seagull Books. 2009. ISBN 81-7046-251-7.
 * Towards A Revolutionary Theatre. Seagull Books, 2009. ISBN 81-7046-340-8.
 * On Cinema. Seagull Books, 2009. ISBN 81-7046-252-5.
 * Acted in Byomkesh Bakshi Episode 3: Seemant Heera
 * Rights Of Man (Manusher Adhikare). Seagull Books, 2009. ISBN 81-7046-331-9.
 * 3 Plays. Seagull Books, 2009. ISBN 81-7046-256-8.
 * Gadya Sangraha,Volume1,1998 ISBN 81-7612-033-2 & Volume 2,2011ISBN 978-81-295-1125-6,Dey's Publishing
 * Encore(Theater Stories selected and translated by Utpal Dutta),Deep Prakashan
 * Sahhensha Tomar Puraskar Tomar-i Thak(A Collection of Poems by Utpal Dutta),Deep Prakshan

title: Utpal Dutt


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User:8bitW

Hello, and God bless.

title: User:8bitW


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lemuria as the Homeland of Dragons and Naga

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 03:10, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

Lemuria as the Homeland of Dragons and Naga
Chock full of weasel words, original research, and pure, unsupported nonsense held by a vast minority. At most it should probably be deleted, and at the very least, completely rewritten. -- brian0918 ™  04:22, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. -- brian0918  ™  04:22, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep --Atun There is no reason for this page to be deleted. It was created recently, and I am working to extensively revise it. It is being updated regularly, and growing into a more acceptable article. Remove it from the 'Deletion' page until it is finished. Then make your judgements. Perhaps after the page is finished, we can decide whether to break it up and move the information to other articles. At this time it is easier to upload this stuff to this article.  The article can be fixed in more minor ways, such as the title, after it has been completed in some acceptable form.

 * Delete. The material on Australian aborigines claiming to sight dinosaur-like creatures, however, should be transferred to a new article focusing on such sightings in the Australian region. What remains could be incorporated into Lemuria (continent) and Naga (mythology). Decius 04:38, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC) The Lemuria (continent) article is very short and incomplete, and I've incorporated some elements from User:Atun's article into Lemuria (continent). There is no need for two Lemuria articles. Transfer what can be transferred to various articles. Decius 04:58, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC) Cryptozoology is not the place for detailing the Australian cases. The Australian cases should be collected in a new article. Decius 05:45, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, the Lemuria part of the title has nothing to do with the rest of the material, which could be better placed into Cryptozoology. RickK 04:43, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete agree with Rick. JamesBurns 05:22, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research bordering on patent nonsense. --Angr/undefined 07:14, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Some of the "original research" may have value, in that it brings together *real* research from disparate sources. The author should be let complete his text (within reasonable time) and the totlaity can then be edited, or reshuffled into t=wherever people think it should be, with any stubs elided away. --Simon Cursitor 08:00, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Kind of interesting, but definitely falls under original research. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  09:43, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - tries to catch too much, making it an essay instead of an article - not unlike an article on The Pacific Ocean as the Home of Sea Serpants and Mermaids would be. -- BD2412 talk 16:06, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research that's questionable at best. -- Hadal 03:17, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and ruminate on meaning of vast minority. Dystopos 14:51, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Shaun Rogers (American football)

 Shaun Christopher O'Shea Rogers (born March 12, 1979) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Longhorns. He was selected by the Detroit Lions in the second round of the 2001 NFL draft with the 61st overall pick. Rogers has also played for the Cleveland Browns and New Orleans Saints. Running back Adrian Peterson considered Rogers one of the hardest-hitting players in the NFL.

Early years
At La Porte High School in La Porte, Texas, Rogers was a two-way tackle, and also lettered in basketball. He is known for his athleticism, ability to rush the quarterback, and also his ability to stop the run. He was also known to play running back near the goal line. He had 17 attempts for 135 yards. His nickname in the locker room was Chunks.

College career
Shaun Rogers played for the University of Texas, pairing with nose tackle Casey Hampton, and ranked third on the school's career-record list with 53 stops behind the line of scrimmage. He collected 199 tackles (108 solo) with 14 sacks and 54 pressures during his career. In 2000, he was named to the AP Honorable Mention All-Big 12 Team. That year, he played in nine games, starting six contests at right defensive tackle. He helped the Longhorns lead the nation in pass efficiency defense and rank seventh in total defense. He recorded 44 tackles (24 solos) with 3.5 sacks for minus 31 yards and 27 stops for losses of 56 yards.

2001 NFL Draft
Prior to the draft, Rogers recorded a 5.3 sec 40-yard dash while weighing 320 lb. Rogers was selected by the Detroit Lions in the second round (61st overall) in the 2001 NFL Draft.

Detroit Lions
In his rookie season, he recorded 90 tackles (68 solo), 3 sacks, 1 forced fumble, and 4 pass deflections in 16 starts. In 2002, Rogers finished with 48 tackles (26 solo), 2.5 sacks, and 2 pass deflections in 14 games. In 2003, he started in all 16 games and finished the season with 58 tackles (42 solo), 4 sacks, 1 forced fumble, and 5 pass deflections. His 2004 season was nearly identical to the previous one, as he again started in all 16 games and posted 68 tackles (48 solo), 4 sacks, and 5 pass deflections. He was selected as a Pro Bowl starter and was named an AP 2nd Team All-Pro. In 2005, Rogers recorded 39 tackles (29 solo), 5.5 sacks, 2 forced fumbles, and 2 pass deflections in 14 games and was selected as a Pro Bowl starter for the second straight year.

On October 18, 2006, Rogers was suspended four games for violating the NFL's substance abuse policy. His agent has stated that Rogers' appetite suppressant medication was the reason for his positive test, but that appealing would not help the situation. Rogers played in only 6 games during the 2006 season and finished with 20 tackles (19 solo) and 3 sacks.

On November 4, 2007, Rogers intercepted a pass from Denver Broncos quarterback Patrick Ramsey and returned it 66 yards for a touchdown. Rogers recorded 39 tackles (26 solo), 7 sacks, 1 interception, and 3 pass deflection in 16 games during the 2007 season.

Cleveland Browns
On February 29, 2008, Rogers was traded to the Cleveland Browns in exchange for Leigh Bodden and 2008 3rd round pick Andre Fluellen. The Browns ran a 3-4 defense, as opposed to the 4-3 defense Rogers played in for Detroit, and Rogers became the Browns' 3-4 nose tackle. In 2008, Rogers finished with 76 tackles (61 solo), 4.5 sacks, and 4 pass deflections in 16 games and was selected as a Pro Bowl reserve. On November 30, 2009, Rogers was placed on Injured Reserve due to a broken leg. He finished the 2009 season with 36 tackles (27 solo), 2 sacks, and 1 pass deflection. During the 2010 offseason, Rogers was involved in trade rumors, but the Browns ultimately decided to keep him and move him to 3-4 defensive end, which was believed to better suit his skills than the nose tackle position. On February 9, 2011, Rogers was released by the Browns.

New Orleans Saints
On March 1, 2011, the Saints signed Rogers to a one-year contract worth $4 million. It has been reported that he was offered $6 million to play elsewhere, but ultimately decided to play for the Saints. After a disappointing 2011 campaign, the Saints elected to not resign Rogers.

New York Giants
On April 26, 2012, the New York Giants signed Rogers to a contract. Due to a blood clot in his left calf, the team announced that Rogers would miss the entirety of the 2012-13 NFL season. However, after receiving a more encouraging second opinion on the injury, Giants coach Tom Coughlin maintained a "ray of hope" that Rogers could return before the season's end.

On August 31, 2012, Rogers was placed on season-ending injured reserve due to the clot. Then, the Giants re-signed Rogers on February 7, 2013.

Personal life
In June 2007, Rogers was accused of sexually assaulting an exotic dancer. Charges were never filed due to lack of evidence.

On April 1, 2010, Rogers was arrested at Cleveland Hopkins Airport for having a loaded gun in his carry on luggage. The NFL fined Rodgers $400,000 for the incident.

title: Shaun Rogers (American football)


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Quimper faience

Quimper faience is produced in a factory near Quimper, in Brittany, France. Since 1708, Quimper faience ("faïence" in French) has been painted by hand, and production continues to this day.

The "Faïenceries de Quimper" were established in "Locmaria", the historical faience quarter of the city of Quimper, near the center. The Faïencerie d'Art Breton, newly created in 1994, was also established in Quimper, but outside the historical quarter "Locmaria". "Locmaria" now also houses a Quimper faience museum.

The pottery's design reflects a traditional Breton influence. One design, which became typical for Quimper faience, is the "petit breton", a naive representation of Breton man and/or woman in traditional Breton costume. The "petit breton" became popular around 1870 and is still today the main design bought by tourists. Older Quimper faience items are sought after by collectors worldwide.

title: Quimper faience


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Khatib

In Islam, a khatib or khateeb (خطيب khaṭīb) is a person who delivers the sermon (khuṭbah) (literally "narration"), during the Friday prayer and Eid prayers.

The khateeb is usually the prayer leader (imam), but the two roles can be played by different people. The khatib should be knowledgeable of how to lead the prayer and be competent in delivering the speech (khutba) however there are no requirements of eligibility to become a khatib beyond being an Adult Muslim. Some Muslims believe the khatib has to be male but women do lead Friday prayers in number of places.

Women may be khateebahs. Edina Leković gave the inaugural khutba at the Women's Mosque in 2015.

title: Khatib


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The Bat (1959 film)

The Bat is a 1959 American crime-mystery thriller starring Vincent Price and Agnes Moorehead. It is the fourth film adaptation of the story, which began as a 1908 novel The Circular Staircase by Mary Roberts Rinehart, which she later adapted (with Avery Hopwood) into the 1920 play The Bat. The first film version of the play was the 1926 American silent film The Bat. The film version was adapted by playwright Crane Wilbur, who also directed.

The Bat was distributed in 1959 on a double bill with the British Hammer film The Mummy. Now in the public domain, The Bat is available for online download.

Plot
Mystery author Cornelia Van Gorder rents The Oaks, a summer home in a small town, from local bank president John Fleming. While on a hunting trip with his physician, Dr. Malcolm Wells, Fleming confesses to stealing over $1 million in negotiable securities from the bank. He offers to split the money with Wells in return for help faking his own death and threatens to kill him if he does not comply. Wells shoots Fleming and covers up the murder.

Meanwhile, the town is being terrorized by a mysterious murderer known as "the Bat", said to be a man with no face who murders women at night by ripping out their throats with steel claws. Van Gorder's assistant Lizzie tells her all the servants, except the chauffeur, have quit in fear. As they lock up The Oaks that night, Lizzie sees the Bat's clawed hand reaching through an unlocked window. Van Gorder calls the police, who promise to send officers to investigate. The Bat breaks into the house and releases a bat, which bites Lizzie. Lizzie fears she may have contracted rabies. Van Gorder calls for Wells to treat the bite.

Wells is in his laboratory, doing experiments on bats. The local chief of detectives, Lieutenant Andy Anderson, is watching through a window. When Wells leaves to answer Van Gorder's call, Anderson breaks into the laboratory and searches it. Wells checks Lizzie's wound and catches the bat that bit her. Anderson arrives shortly after and says an officer will watch the house for the rest of the night.

Van Gorder is visited by Wells, Dale Bailey, and Judy Hollander. Dale's husband, Victor Bailey, is a clerk at the bank and the prime suspect in the theft of the securities, having been framed by Fleming; Judy works at the bank and is a witness in his defense. While Anderson is visiting Mark Fleming, the nephew and heir of John Fleming, Van Gorder has Dale call him about blueprints that may show a hiding place in The Oaks. Dale promises to help her look for them that evening. Meanwhile, Van Gorder has hired new servants and promoted Warner the chauffeur to butler.

While Van Gorder, Judy, and Dale are having dinner, Mark sneaks into the house to look for the blueprints on his own. The Bat kills him and takes the blueprints. Anderson and Wells (who is also the local coroner) arrive to investigate the murder. Anderson questions the women and Van Gorder's new butler, Warner. Anderson tells the women to lock themselves into their rooms for the rest of the night; he will stay to watch for the Bat.

After the women go to bed, Anderson goes into the woods behind the house with a flashlight; Warner follows him. Soon after, the Bat enters the house again. He cuts the phone line and goes to the third floor, where he begins chiseling a hole into one of the walls. Hearing the noise from his chiseling, Dale and Judy go to investigate. The Bat kills Judy and flees the house. Anderson returns, saying he saw a man in the woods. He accuses Warner, whom he recognizes as a suspect for a robbery in Chicago; Warner replies he was acquitted. Wells comes to the house, saying he had an accident in his car nearby; Anderson casts suspicion on the doctor as well.

Van Gorder investigates the room the Bat was in and realizes there is a secret room behind the wall where he was chiseling. She accidentally traps herself in the room, but is freed by Detective Davenport, the officer assigned to watch the house that evening. Meanwhile, the Bat comes to kill Wells in his laboratory. Wells pulls a gun and taunts the Bat, whose identity Wells seems to know. Wells tells the Bat that he knows where the money is and that, after the Bat is dead, he (Wells) will collect it. Wells then attempts to shoot the Bat but the other attacks. The two men struggle and Wells is killed. The Bat leaves a fake suicide note to frame Wells as the Bat.

The Bat returns to Van Gorder's house, where he sets the garage on fire to draw the occupants outside. Mystery writer Van Gorder sees through this ruse, however. She has Dale, Lizzie, and Davenport hide and wait for the Bat. When confronted, the Bat, wearing the mask which obscures the outlines of his face (hence his description as "a man with no face") shoots Davenport, though it is unclear how badly, and is about to kill the three women when Warner returns and shoots him dead. Warner unmasks the Bat, who is revealed to be Lieutenant Anderson, whose motives were financial, as he was one of the first people notified of the theft of the bank securities later converted into cash.

Cast

 * Vincent Price as Dr. Malcolm Wells
 * Agnes Moorehead as Cornelia van Gorder
 * Gavin Gordon as Lt. Andy Anderson
 * John Sutton as Warner
 * Lenita Lane as Lizzie Allen
 * Elaine Edwards as Dale Bailey
 * Darla Hood as Judy Hollander
 * John Bryant as Mark Fleming
 * Harvey Stephens as John Fleming
 * Mike Steele as Victor Bailey
 * Riza Royce as Jane Patterson
 * Robert B. Williams as Detective Davenport

Cast notes
 * The Bat was the final film appearance for Darla Hood, who between 1935 and 1941 played "Darla" in Our Gang comedy shorts.

Production and release
RKO Pictures bought the rights to remake The Bat from Mary Pickford, who produced the original 1926 film adaptation for United Artists, the studio she founded in 1919 with Douglas Fairbanks, Charles Chaplin and D. W. Griffith.

The Bat was released as a double feature with the Hammer horror film The Mummy.

Reception
According to Turner Classic Movies, in an era of films featuring "rampaging aliens and sinister ghouls", The Bat's period piece approach was not a crowd pleaser, although its reputation has improved over time.

Film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film 2 1/2 out of 4 stars (a rating that he used more than any other rating), calling it "[a] faithful filming of Mary Roberts Rinehart-Avery Hopwood play".

Allmovie gave the film a mixed review, complimenting the film's screenplay, but criticized the script's mechanical nature and lack of scariness, as well as the varying quality of performances from the cast. But they also stated, "While it's all done in a by-the-numbers manner, there's more than enough here to entertain whodunit fans".

In a contemporary review of the film, The New York Times praised Moorehead's "good, snappy performance" and Crane Wilbur's direction.

title: The Bat (1959 film)


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Reckitt

Reckitt Benckiser Group plc, trading as Reckitt, is a British multinational consumer goods company headquartered in Slough, England. It is a producer of health, hygiene and nutrition products. The company was formed in March 1999 by the merger of British company Reckitt & Colman plc and Dutch company Benckiser N.V.

Reckitt's brands include the antiseptic brand Dettol, the analgesic Disprin, the sore throat medicine Strepsils, the hair removal brand Veet, the immune support supplement Airborne, the Australian insecticide brand Mortein, the indigestion remedy Gaviscon, the baby food brand Mead Johnson, the air freshener Air Wick, and other brands and products like: Calgon, Clearasil, Cillit Bang, Durex, Lysol, Mycil, Enfamil, and Vanish.

Origins

Johann Benckiser founded a business in Pforzheim, Germany, in 1823. Its core business was industrial chemicals. Ludwig Reimann, a chemist, joined the business in 1828 and married Benckiser's daughter. Benckiser died in 1851 and the business came under Reimann's ownership. Reimann opened a new chemical plant and, in 1858, moved it to Ludwigshafen. Under Reimann's descendants the business grew rapidly in the latter half of the 20th century: it acquired Coty, Inc., a North American beauty products manufacturer, in 1992. Benckiser's other products included Vanish and Cillit Bang. It went public in 1997.

Reckitt & Sons started in 1840 when Isaac Reckitt rented a starch mill in Hull, England. He diversified into other household products and after his death in 1862, the business passed to his three sons. In 1886, Reckitt opened its first overseas business in Australia. The firm was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1888. Harpic Lavatory Cleaners was acquired in 1932, and that same year, Dettol was launched.

In 1938, Reckitt & Sons merged with J. & J. Colman, which had been founded in 1814 when Jeremiah Colman began milling flour and mustard in Norwich, England, to become Reckitt & Colman Ltd. The company made several acquisitions, including the Airwick and Carpet Fresh brands (1985), the Spanish cleaning products company Camp (1989), the Boyle-Midway division of American Home Products (1990), and the Lehn & Fink division of Sterling Drug, maker of Lysol disinfectant (1994). The Lehn & Fink purchase doubled Reckitt & Colman's American business in one stroke. It acquired several brands from DowBrands in 1998.

Reckitt & Colman also made several divestments during this time, including the fine arts and graphical products (with brands such as Winsor & Newton) and Conimex Dutch food business in 1990, Colman's of Norwich UK food business and Robinsons soft drink products in 1995, and Keen's Australian and Canadian food business in 1998.

1999 to present
The company was formed by a merger between Britain's Reckitt & Colman plc and the Dutch company Benckiser NV in December 1999. Bart Becht became CEO of the new company and has been credited for its transformation, focusing on core brands and improving efficiency in the supply chain. The new management team's strategy of "innovation marketing" – a combination of increased marketing spend and product innovation, focusing on consumer needs – has been linked to the company's ongoing success. For example, in 2008, the company's "rapid succession of well publicised new product variants" were credited for helping them "to capture shoppers' imagination". Business Week has also noted that "40% of Reckitt Benckiser's $10.5 billion in 2007 revenues came from products launched within the previous three years."

In October 2005, Reckitt purchased the over-the-counter drugs manufacturing business of Boots, Boots Healthcare International, for £1.9 billion. The three main brands acquired were Nurofen's analgesics, Strepsils sore throat lozenges, and Clearasil anti-acne treatments. In January 2008, Reckitt acquired Adams Respiratory Therapeutics, a pharmaceutical company, for $2.3 billion; one of the major brands acquired was Mucinex. Reckitt acquired SSL International, the manufacturer of Durex condoms and Scholl's footcare products, for £2.5 billion in July 2010.

In January 2011, Reckitt purchased Combe's cold remedy/skin care business. In September 2011, Bart Becht retired as CEO of Reckitt Benckiser, being replaced by executive vice-president of Category Development, Rakesh Kapoor, who had played a key role in recent acquisitions.

On 27 August 2011, Reckitt recalled all remaining stock of its major analgesic product, Nurofen Plus, after packs were found to contain an antipsychotic drug. It turned out that this was the work of a codeine addict who had been stealing the pills and replacing them with his anti psychotic medication.

In November 2012, Reckitt acquired Schiff Nutrition, a Salt Lake City-based manufacturer of vitamins and nutritional supplements including Digestive Advantage, MegaRed, Airborne, and Move Free, for US$1.4 billion (£877 million). In December 2014, Reckitt spun off its speciality pharmaceuticals business, which produces Suboxone (an opioid withdrawal medication), into a separate company named Indivior.

In 2014, Reckitt Benckiser dropped its full name in favour of the RB brand. According to Kapoor, the old name was "a bit of a mouthful" and the name change would make life easier.'

In February 2017, the company bid $16.7 billion for the American infant formula maker Mead Johnson. In February 2017, Reckitt Benckiser announced it had bought Mead Johnson for $16.6 billion. To effect the transaction, Reckitt Benckiser incorporated a subsidiary in Delaware into which Mead Johnson Nutrition would be transferred, with Mead Johnson Nutrition being the sole surviving entity at completion. Following the acquisition of Mead Johnson, Reckitt Benckiser split its business into two divisions: consumer healthcare, and home and hygiene. While some expert analysts viewed this move as a precursor to a possible sale of the home division, Kapoor said that it was only to improve the performance of each of the divisions.

In July 2017, McCormick acquired Reckitt's food brands, including French's Mustard & Frank's RedHot, for $4.2 billion, subject to regulatory approval.

Kapoor retired in September 2019 and was replaced by Laxman Narasimhan, PepsiCo's global chief commercial officer. Narasimhan developed a turnaround strategy designed to rejuvenate the company "following a series of missteps and lacklustre growth that marked the final years of his predecessor".

In March 2021, the company rebranded from RB to Reckitt - including a new logo and visual identity as a next step in delivering on the strategic purpose of the company.

On 1 September 2022, Reckitt announced that Narasimhan had chosen to resign as CEO, citing "personal and family reasons", and would relinquish his position at the end of the month. It was also revealed that he is expected to become the next CEO of Starbucks. Narasimhan's unexpected departure "came as an unwelcome shock to shareholders", with the company's share price falling by "more than 5 per cent in early trading [...] before recovering somewhat to 4.5 per cent below their opening price" on the day of the announcement.

Senior Independent Director Nicandro Durante was appointed to serve as CEO on an "interim" basis "while the board considers a longer-term replacement".

Operations
Reckitt is headquartered in Slough, Berkshire, England, and has operations in around 60 countries. Its products are sold in nearly 200 countries. Reckitt organises the majority of its products into three main categories – health, hygiene and home – with other brands belonging to three further categories: food, pharmaceuticals and portfolio brands. The company's strategy is to have a highly focused portfolio concentrating on its 19 most profitable brands, which are responsible for 70% of net revenues.

Reckitt products, extant in 2017, are listed below:

Powerbrands

 * Air Wick
 * Calgon
 * Cillit Bang
 * Dettol
 * Scholl
 * Durex
 * Enfagrow
 * Enfamil
 * Finish (previously Electrasol in North America)
 * Gaviscon
 * Harpic
 * Lemsip
 * Lysol
 * Mortein (also known as Shieldtox in some ASEAN states like Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore or Tiga Roda in Indonesia)
 * Mucinex
 * Nurofen
 * Strepsils
 * Sustagen
 * Vanish
 * Veet

Other brands

 * Aerogard
 * Airborne
 * Amphyl
 * Bonjela
 * Brasso
 * Brio
 * Bryza
 * Calgonit
 * Cēpacol
 * Ceraclen
 * Cherry Blossom
 * Clean and Smooth
 * Clearasil
 * Cling
 * Cling Free
 * Cobra Brilliant Shiner
 * Colon
 * d-CON
 * Coral
 * Delsym
 * Digestive Advantage
 * dip-it
 * Disprin
 * Dosia
 * E45
 * Easy-Off
 * Easy On
 * Elena
 * Flor
 * Fybogel
 * Glass Mates
 * Glass Plus
 * Glassex
 * Hoffmann's
 * Intima Liasan / Intima Bidex
 * Jik
 * Kalia
 * Kaltron
 * K-Y
 * Lactum (Philippines only)
 * Lanacane
 * Lanza
 * Lemsip
 * Lewis Red Devil
 * Lime-A-Way
 * Lovela
 * Masterpiece Metalist
 * Mop & Glo
 * Move Free
 * Mr Min
 * Mr Sheen
 * Napisan (Italy)
 * Nenuco
 * Neutra-Air
 * NoSalt
 * Noxon
 * Nugget
 * Nurofen for Children
 * Old English
 * Perk
 * Poliflor Pratic
 * Poliflor Maximo Brilho
 * Precision Blend
 * Quanto
 * Resolve
 * Rid-X
 * Robin Blue
 * Sagrotan
 * Sani Flush (discontinued after 2010)
 * Schiff Vitamins
 * Senokot
 * Silvo
 * Sipuro
 * Spray 'n Starch
 * Vani-Sol
 * Veja (Brazil)
 * Vitroclen
 * Vivid
 * Wenol
 * Windolene
 * Wizard
 * Woolite
 * Yes
 * Zud

Corporate governance
As of 2020, Reckitt's directors were: Christopher Sinclair (chairman), Laxman Narasimhan (CEO), Jeff Carr (CFO), Andrew Bonfield, Nicandro Durante, Mary Harris, Dr. Mehmood Khan, Dr. Pamela Kirby, Sara Mathew, Elane Stock, and Warren Tucker. As of 2020, members of the executive committee were: Laxman Narasimhan (CEO), Rupert Bondy (General Counsel), Jeff Carr (CFO), Kris Licht, Aditya Sehgal, Ranjay Radhakrishnan, and Harold van den Broek.

From the company's creation in 1999 until he retired in 2011, Bart Becht was CEO. The Guardian called him "one of the most successful businessmen of his generation". Under him, the company focused on its core brands, and on improving efficiency in the supply chain. It also increased its marketing budget. BusinessWeek noted that "40% of Reckitt's $10.5 billion in 2007 revenues came from products launched within the previous three years". Becht was Britain's highest-paid businessman, taking home more than £90 million in 2009. In April 2011, he announced that he would step down in September of that year, to be replaced by Rakesh Kapoor, who had been with the company since 1987. Reckitt Benckiser shares fell by 6.6% on the news.

Corporate public relations
The company supports Save the Children. Reckitt has also implemented an environmental initiative called Carbon 20. The initiative, which was announced in November 2007, aimed to cut the total carbon footprint of its products—from creation to disposal by 20% by 2020. As part of the initiative the company has reduced by 70% the amount of plastic in the packaging of its Vanish cleaner.

Lawsuit
In New York in February 2009, Earthjustice filed a lawsuit against Reckitt and others. The petition seeks to compel the companies to identify all of the ingredients used in their products. Earthjustice contacted several companies in September 2008 requesting that they comply with a 1971 law requiring them to disclose the ingredients in their products and make available any associated health or safety studies. Reckitt and the other defendants ignored or refused the request. Earthjustice eventually lost the case, after which it lobbied the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, which in 2018 unveiled new requirements for manufacturers of cleaning products to publicly detail their ingredients.

Deaths caused by humidifier disinfectant
In 2001, Reckitt Benckiser acquired the South Korean Oxy brand from Oriental Chemical Industries. Since 1996, Oxy had been using polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) in a humidifier steriliser product called Oxy Ssak Ssak (옥시싹싹). In 2011, the use of PHMG was dropped when the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) published a report showing a link between the compound and lung damage and deaths. Several other companies in South Korea made humidifier sterilisers with PHMG between 2001 and 2011.

According to a BBC report in May 2016, about 500 people, many of them women and children, are reported to have died or been injured after inhaling PHMG. According to a The Korea Herald report in April 2016, in 2015, 750 disinfectant users had requested a test to determine if they had been harmed by the disinfectant and as of the date of that report, 221 had been confirmed and full results were expected to be released late in 2017. A report on Sina.com in May 2016 said that PHMG was known to have caused 70 deaths and to harmed the lungs of 177 people, with the actual total of deaths and people injured unknown.

Reckitt Benckiser Korea has been blamed for 103 deaths by a coalition of consumer groups in South Korea; a report from The Korea Herald in April 2016 said that the firm had been blamed for 221 deaths.

Sometime after the release of the KCDC report, prosecutors in South Korea opened an investigation into the companies selling the disinfectants, which increased its pace in January 2016. Reckitt Benckiser Korea submitted a toxicity report on PHMG to prosecutors in January 2016; prosecutors were also investigating allegations that the company suppressed data showing PHMG to be toxic in the report it had submitted. In April 2016, a coalition of consumer groups called for a boycott of the company.

In May 2016, Korean division chief Ataur "Ata" Safdar apologised to victims and families in a press conference and offered compensation to the families of those who died and to those who were injured; it was the first time the company had acknowledged that its products containing PHMG were harmful.

Cillit Bang viral marketing controversy
Cillit Bang television advertisements have been presented by "Barry Scott", a brashly enthusiastic character played by Neil Burgess, who claims that Cillit Bang can remove limescale, rust and ground-in dirt. In one advert, he places a copper English one penny coin in Cillit Bang to demonstrate the product's cleaning ability to remove staining. International versions of the advert use different presenters, known as Martin Grellis in Australia and New Zealand, and Dan Dolan in North America, although some spots feature Neil Burgess as Barry Scott. The North American versions of the advertisement use the appropriate one-cent coin (a Lincoln cent in the United States, a 1953–1964 one cent coin in Canada). The company claimed that the coin would be clean in 15 seconds: however the Advertising Standards Agency said the claim was misleading.

In 2005 advertising agency Cohn & Wolfe was contracted by Reckitt to operate a blog as the fictional character Barry Scott as a viral marketing platform. In October of that year blogger Tom Coates wrote an emotional post to his own blog about his long-estranged father. Among the expressions of condolences and sympathy in the post's comment section was one from a user identifying themselves as Barry Scott, with a link back to the Cohn & Wolfe's in-character blog as Barry Scott. Offended by the apparent use of his blog comments on such a personal post as a spam advertising venue, Coates traced the comment's originating IP address through addresses owned by Young & Rubicam and back to Reckitt. Reckitt initially denied responsibility for the message but later wrote Coates an apology acknowledging the message's inappropriateness, and Cohn & Wolfe issued a statement of remorse for their misuse of the "experimental" blog which they then ceased operating.

The controversy and its fallout led to further discussions among the blogger community as well as the advertising industry on the ethical issues surrounding blogs being "operated" by fictional characters for the purposes of advertising without being clearly labeled as such, and the extent to which those blogs should be allowed to participate in the greater blogosphere.

The Barry Scott adverts were parodied by Peter Serafinowicz on The Peter Serafinowicz Show. In the parodies, the host "Derek Baum" (played by Serafinowicz) markets a product called Kitchen Gun, which is a firearm that the host uses to blast away at kitchen surfaces and appliances, cleaning and damaging them at the same time, and Toilet Grenade, a hand grenade covered in white paint that demolishes the toilet bowl to eliminate limescale and germs.

Anti-competitive behaviour
In 2008, the BBC's Newsnight accused Reckitt Benckiser of attempting to delay the introduction of a competitive, generic version of one of its most popular products, Gaviscon, a treatment for heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease. In his introduction, reporter Martin Shankleman said:

"Gaviscon is hailed as a power brand by its owners, Reckitt Benckiser ... Reckitt Benckiser likes to claim that the profits flow from their expertise in marketing. But we know that there's another way in which they've been coining it in—by ripping-off the NHS, as a whistle-blower has told us. The 'whistle-blower' was shown in silhouette, and his words were spoken by an actor: 'Reckitt's cheated the National Health Service. It could have saved the NHS millions of pounds. But not just the NHS, patients, doctors—they've cheated health professionals. I felt it had to be exposed'. He continued, 'Newsnight claimed that Reckitt had a 'secret plan to ensure that it kept its stranglehold' after the Gaviscon patent expired in 1999, and that Newsnight had seen the plan. The Department of Health asked Newsnight to hand its documents to the NHS counter-fraud service."

The investigation was widely reported in the British press. The Guardian quoted a leaked memo in which the product's manager explained that the company could use "the rationale of health and safety" to design a switched product to "muddy the waters". The newspaper quoted Reckitt as stating that the leaked memos were "inappropriate and did not reflect Reckitt's eventual actions".

The Independent quoted Warwick Smith, director of the British Generic Manufacturers Association: "The sort of evergreening alleged by Newsnight can cost the NHS tens of millions of pounds with no patient benefit." It also quoted a statement issued by the company: "...RB is a responsible company and we have therefore instigated an immediate internal investigation and will take action. However, we do not accept much of what has been alleged."

The Times noted that "Although Gaviscon has been out of patent for almost ten years, no other manufacturer has developed a cheap generic version. Such a drug could have saved the NHS up to £40 million." It stated that the Office of Fair Trading was expected to examine whether Reckitt had acted illegally. It also printed verbatim extracts from several of the leaked memos.

In response to the Newsnight report and the reports in the press, Reckitt issued a statement that began: "We are shocked by the allegations made as Reckitt Benckiser is a responsible company in the way it conducts its business.

Nevertheless, we are deeply concerned by the inappropriate sentiment expressed in some of the historic internal correspondence reported. We take this very seriously and have instigated an immediate internal investigation, and will take action. We also refute much of what has been reported which implies a power and influence we simply do not possess.

The company has never objected to a monograph driven generic name being published. The timetable of which is not, and never has been, within our control a monograph/generic name could have been published at any time by the regulators without reference to any third party.

The company made appropriate challenges where it felt it was justified in order to ensure patients are prescribed the right treatment. These were within the law and relevant regulations. We stress that the regulators only take a comment into account when it is valid."

On 15 October 2010, Reckitt was fined £10.2 million by the Office of Fair Trading after the company admitted anti-competitive behaviour.

In 2014, the Autorité de la concurrence in France found that Reckitt had colluded with 12 other multinational companies (Colgate-Palmolive, Henkel, Unilever, Procter & Gamble, Sara Lee, SC Johnson, Bolton Solitaire, Laboratoires Vendôme, Gillette, L'Oréal, Beiersdorf and Vania) to fix the prices of popular personal hygiene products; the fine of around €950 million was the largest ever imposed by the agency.

In 2015, Reckitt created controversy when it emerged that seemingly different versions of their product Nurofen marketed to treat specific pains, such as migraine, were all identical to the standard product despite costing twice as much. The product was withdrawn from sale in Australia for misleading consumers. The Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) took the matter to court and in December 2016, Reckitt was fined A$6 million.

Legal challenges to rodenticide regulations
In 2008, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a decision to remove second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides from store shelves, leaving the products available for purchase only by US licensed applicators. The ruling was slated to go into effect in 2011 allowing poison companies time to adjust to the new law. EPA's decision was based on tens of thousands of reports of pet, wildlife and child poisonings that resulted annually from rat poisons in the US alone. In 2011, Reckitt Benckiser makers of d-CON products initiated a legal challenge to the EPA expected to take several years to resolve. Early in 2014, California State Department of Pesticide Regulation ruled that anticoagulant rat poison sales would be restricted beginning on 1 July 2014. Reckitt filed suit in San Diego County Superior Court in April 2014 to block the decision, but eventually reached an agreement with the EPA to phase out the products in June 2014; production of the banned products stopped on December 31, 2014, with distribution to retailers ceased on March 31, 2015, although retailers will be allowed to keep the banned products in stock until they are all sold out.

Palm oil procurement
According to a 2016 Amnesty International report, Reckitt Benckiser is one of several consumer companies that buy palm oil from Wilmar International, the world's largest palm oil refiner. Amnesty found that Wilmar profits from child labour and forced labour and exposes workers to toxic banned chemicals.

Opioid marketing
In 2019, Reckitt paid a $1.4bn fine for claiming opioid medication Suboxone Film was "safer ... even though such claims have never been established."

title: Reckitt