text:
Paul Ricard

Paul Louis Marius Ricard (July 9, 1909 – November 7, 1997) was a French industrialist and creator of an eponymous pastis brand which merged in 1975 with its competitor Pernod to create Pernod Ricard. Ricard was also an environmentalist and the developer of two Mediterranean islands, as well as the builder of the Circuit Paul Ricard in Le Castellet.

Early life
Ricard was born in Sainte-Marthe, part of the 14th arrondissement of the city of Marseille, to a family of wine merchants. Ricard married Marie-Therese Thiers in 1937, with whom he had two sons and three daughters.

Pastis
After studying at the Lycée Thiers in Marseille, Ricard was discouraged from an early passion for painting by his father, who made him join the family wine business.

As a young man Ricard was introduced to the alcoholic beverage pastis by an old shepherd. Pastis, an anise flavored liqueur and apéritif, had been banned with other aniseed based spirits during the First World War, accused of undermining the French war effort. In a still in his bedroom Ricard experimented with creating a more refined version, using, among other things, star anise, fennel seeds, liquorice and Provençal herbs. Ricard's precise pastis recipe has never been disclosed and remains a secret.

Ricard was prepared for the lifting of the prohibition on milder forms of aniseed spirits in 1932, and quickly overtook established companies like Pernod. Absinthe, another aniseed drink, remained prohibited. Ricard sold his pastis as the "authentic pastis of Marseilles". Ricard's eponymous company was created in 1939. The previous year Ricard had sold more than 2.4 million liters of his pastis.

Pastis was banned again in the Second World War, banned as "contrary to the values" of Vichy France, the collaborationist regime. During the war Ricard retreated to the Camargue region, where he experimented with rice farming. Using his distiller skills he created an alcoholic substitute for petrol for the French Resistance using plums and cherries.

Ricard resumed business following the end of the war. In 1952 Charles Pasqua was hired as a travelling salesman and later rose to be marketing director for Ricard. Pasqua later twice became Minister of the Interior under Prime Ministers Jacques Chirac and Édouard Balladur.

A portion of the profits each year was converted into shares and distributed to the workers. In 1962 Ricard was floated on the French stock exchange, the Bourse. The flotation enriched many older employees of the company.

Protesting French government interference in his business, Ricard resigned from the daily running of his company in 1968. Following his resignation the business prospered under the stewardship of his son, Patrick. The company merged with their great rival, Pernod, in 1975, becoming known as Pernod Ricard. By the 1990s Ricard was the most widely sold French alcoholic drink; it was sold in 140 countries. At the time of Ricard's death Pernod Ricard was the third largest global spirits company.

Branding
A trained artist, Ricard deployed his artistic skills in the Ricard brand's blue and yellow design, inspired by the sky and the sun of his native Marseille.

Advertising of aniseed based drinks was made illegal in 1951; an exception to the advertising ban was the material sent to distributors, displays in drinking establishments and designs on delivery vans. In his autobiography Ricard wrote that ban turned out to be a "secret advantage which obliged us to exercise our imagination...".

Ricard designed a jug to hold ice and water for mixing with pastis in 1935; it helped promote the brand with French consumers. Ricard produced much more drinking ephemera featuring the Ricard brand including decanters, glasses, ashtrays, clocks and playing cards. The Ricard Museum of Advertising Objects was later founded by Ricard on the island of Bendor.

Sport
Ricard recognised the effective use of sport sponsorship as a marketing tool for his pastis brand. Ricard was the first commercial sponsor of the Tour de France in 1948. Pickup-trucks on the Tour displayed the Ricard colours, and the company provided free music concerts along the route. In 1970 Ricard built the Circuit Paul Ricard, a race track near the village of Le Castellet in the department of Var in southern France. The circuit hosted 14 editions of the Formula One French Grand Prix between 1971 and 1990, as well as the Bol d'Or and the French motorcycle Grand Prix. After a ten-year absence from the calendar, the French Grand Prix returned at the Circuit Paul Ricard in 2018. The Le Castellet Airport was also built alongside the circuit.

Later life
In 1950 Ricard was the producer of one of the first French colour films, La maison du printemps. He published an autobiography, La Passion de Créer in 1983.

Ricard purchased two islands in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Var in the 1950s. The uninhabited island of Bendor near Bandol was bought by Ricard in 1950, and the Embiez island near Six-Fours-les-Plages was bought in 1958.

On Bendor Ricard established the Universal Exposition of Wines and Spirits in 1966, which aimed to create a "complete and permanent encyclopaedia of wine and spirits". Ricard also created the Museum of Ricard Advertising Objects on the island.

Appalled by "red mud" discharged into the Mediterranean Sea, Ricard campaigned against industrial pollution, and in 1966 founded the Observatoire de la Mer, which later became the Paul Ricard Oceanographic Institute. The institute is based on Embiez, it carries out research and raises public awareness of marine issues. An aquarium is open to visitors at the institute.

In retirement Ricard painted and acted as mayor of Signes from 1980 to 1988, a small town near the racing circuit that bears his name. Ricard died in Signes in 1997 at the age of 88. He was buried on Embiez; his grave faces the Mediterranean Sea.

title: Paul Ricard


text:
Talk:Highfather

Untitled

 * What's wrong with the expanded version of the Highfather entry?Zentinel 15:17, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

picture
Just maybe, the picture is too big. 71.250.1.198 02:39, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Highfather by Breyfogle.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 19:31, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Odin...
...was known as the All-Father not "high father".

What you care about
I don't think is legit, but I don't know how to flag it on wikipedia. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.58.84.16 (talk) 19:18, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

Rewrite
This desperately needs redrafting, large parts of it don't even make any sense 79.79.241.34 (talk) 21:03, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Highfather


text:
George Woolf

George Monroe Woolf (May 31, 1910 – January 4, 1946), nicknamed "The Iceman", was a Canadian thoroughbred race horse jockey. An annual jockey's award given by the United States Jockeys' Guild is named in his honor. He became known for riding the people's champion Seabiscuit to victories in 1938.

After his early death resulting from a racing accident, Woolf was inducted into newly founded honorary institutions: the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, Canada's Sports Hall of Fame and the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame.

Early life and education
Woolf was born on a ranch in Cardston, Alberta to horse people - his mother had been a trick rider in a circus and his father rode in rodeos. Woolf learned to ride horses as a child and as a teenager he rode in horse races and competed in rodeo events in Alberta and Montana.

George's mother, Rosina Parker, was born in Wales, and his maternal grandmother was from England. His father, Frank Henry Woolf, was a Utah pioneer born before 1869 and an Alberta pioneer coming to Canada before 1890. His paternal grandfather Absalom Woolf and great-grandfather J.A. Woolf were Mormon pioneers, both settlers of Cache Valley, Utah. Absalom Woolf was a soldier in the Utah militia serving in the Walkara Indian War and also the Utah War.

Woolf's ancestor, Peter Woolf, was an early settler of New York, immigrating from Germany.

On the Newell and Olmstead side of his family, Woolf was related to the fur trapper and mountain man Robert "Doc" Newell, and related as well to Charles O. Card, the founder of the town of Cardston, Alberta.

Woolf's rodeo and horse training associates included the Bascom brothers - Raymond, Melvin, Earl and Weldon Bascom.

Career
He began racing thoroughbreds professionally in 1928 in Vancouver, British Columbia. He also raced in Tijuana, Mexico before going to Arcadia, California, where he made his permanent home.

Using Santa Anita Park as his home base, Woolf became one of the premier jockeys of his era; he was known by fellow jockeys and fans as "The Iceman". He earned the nickname for displaying the patience in waiting for the right time to have his horse make a move in a race, as well as his calm attitude before major races, when he could take a nap while other jockeys nervously paced about.

While establishing himself as one of America's leading jockeys, he was diagnosed with what is now known as type 1 diabetes. Only a few years earlier, before the discovery of insulin, such a diagnosis would have been fatal. Because of his condition, and the nature of diabetes management in the 1930s and 1940s, Woolf had to regulate his weight to avoid rapid dieting. His racing success allowed him to accept only a few mounts each week, riding only 150–200 races each year compared to as many as a thousand rides other jockeys might undertake, and for years he maintained top physical condition. Despite his limited number of races and a relatively short career, Woolf won ninety-seven major stakes races around the United States, including the Hollywood Gold Cup Stakes, the American Derby and the Belmont Futurity Stakes three years running.

He made history in 1935 when he rode Azucar to victory in the first $100,000 horse race, the Santa Anita Handicap, defeating such greats as Equipoise and Twenty Grand. Woolf finished second twice at the Kentucky Derby and won the 1936 Preakness Stakes. He is remembered for his tactical performance in the 1938 match race when he rode Seabiscuit to victory over the heavily favored U.S. Triple Crown champion, War Admiral, in the Pimlico Special at Baltimore, based on advice from his friend, Seabiscuit's injured regular jockey Red Pollard. When asked which was the best racehorse he had ever ridden, Woolf answered immediately, "Seabiscuit".

Death
During the running of the fourth race at Santa Anita Park on January 3, 1946, Woolf fell from his horse, Please Me, as he rounded the clubhouse turn. Suffering from a concussion, he was taken to the hospital, where he died the following day. The jockeys in the race and the track stewards reported that they had not witnessed any incident during the race to have caused such a fall. Most observers think his diabetic condition may have resulted in his suffering a dizzy spell or fainting.

Woolf was buried at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in The Great Mausoleum, Gardenia Terrace, the Sanctuary of Providence, Mausoleum Crypt 9707 in Glendale, California. Western singing star Gene Autry sang at his funeral service.

Legacy and honors
The death at age 35 of one of the country's best and most respected jockeys, and a favorite of fans, led to the creation of the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award. During his career (1928–1946), Woolf had 3,784 mounts, 721 wins (19.1%), 589 seconds and 468 thirds, finishing in the money 46% of the time.

 * In 1950, a life-size bronze statue of Woolf was erected in his honor near the walking ring at Santa Anita Park. It was funded by donations from fans starting in 1948.
 * In 1955 Woolf was an inaugural inductee into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame.
 * In 1956 he was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame.
 * In 1976, he was one of the inaugural class inducted into the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame.
 * On July 17, 2010, marking the 100th anniversary of Woolf's birth, a life-size equestrian statue was erected in his home town of Cardston, Alberta at its Remington Carriage Museum. The bronze work was donated by ranchers Jack and Ida Lowe, who had it made by the sculptor Don Toney. It depicts Woolf riding Seabiscuit to victory in the 1938 match race upset against War Admiral.

Representation in other media

 * Woolf is mentioned as one of the greatest jockeys of all times in the movie The Black Stallion (1979), directed by Carroll Ballard. The film was adapted from Walter Farley's 1941 children's novel of the same name.
 * In the film, Seabiscuit (2003), Woolf was portrayed by the jockey Gary Stevens, who has also been inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. Stevens had won the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award in 1996.

title: George Woolf


text:
User:DrFunkenstien

Hello

I live in Alaska, in a cabin with no internet, no telephone and no running water.

Have a pleasant day

-Dr. F

title: User:DrFunkenstien


text: User:David Newton/New Format Ship Tables/Oakleaf class tanker


text:
Goblin (disambiguation)

A goblin is a creature from European folklore.

Goblin may also refer to:

Goblin characters

 * Another name for orcs in the Middle-earth universe of J. R. R. Tolkien
 * Goblin (Dungeons & Dragons), a fictional humanoid creature in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game
 * Goblins (Harry Potter), creatures in the fictional Harry Potter world
 * Goblin (Marvel Comics), various goblin-themed fictional characters appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics
 * Goblin (Warhammer), a race in the Warhammer games
 * Goblins, various troops commonly featured throughout the mobile games Clash of Clans and Clash Royale
 * Goblin, a fictional spirit companion of Tarquin Blackwood from The Vampire Chronicles series by Anne Rice
 * El Goblino, a fictional character from the Roblox game Doors.

Music

 * Goblin (band), an Italian progressive rock band
 * Goblin (album), a 2011 album and title song, by Tyler, the Creator
 * Orange Goblin, a British heavy metal band
 * "Goblin", a 2019 song by Sulli

Films, television shows and stage play

 * Goblin (film), a 2010 film directed by Jeffery Scott Lando
 * The Goblins, a stage play by Sir John Suckling that premiered in 1638
 * Guardian: The Lonely and Great God, also known as Goblin, a 2016 South Korean TV series
 * Troll 2, a 1990 B-horror movie produced under the title Goblins

Other media

 * Goblins (webcomic), written and illustrated by Ellipsis Stephens
 * Goblin, a fictional yacht in the 1937 book We Didn't Mean to Go to Sea by Arthur Ransome
 * "Goblin (Favorite Boys)", a 2020 song by A.C.E

Transportation

 * McDonnell XF-85 Goblin, an experimental aircraft
 * de Havilland Goblin (Halford H-1), an early jet engine
 * Gospel Oak to Barking line (GOBLIN), a railway line in north-east London, UK
 * Grumman G-23 fighter aircraft, known as the Goblin in Canadian service

Plants and animals

 * Glyptauchen panduratus, also known as the goblin fish
 * Goblin (chimpanzee), a chimpanzee who is featured in several books and documentaries
 * Goblin shark, a deep-sea species
 * Oonopidae, a spider family also known as Goblin spiders
 * A horse that finished fifth in the 1841 and 1843 Grand Nationals

Other

 * Goblinus, bishop of Transylvania ((r. 1376 – 1386))
 * Dmitry Puchkov (born 1961), nicknamed Goblin, Russian media personality
 * Goblin Vacuum Cleaners, a British brand and a generic term for a vacuum cleaner dating from 1930s Britain
 * Goblin Valley State Park, Utah, U.S.
 * Goblin Combe, a valley in Somerset, England
 * 541132 Leleākūhonua, nicknamed The Goblin, a trans-Neptunian object

title: Goblin (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:FYI~enwiki

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title: User talk:FYI~enwiki


text:
Brent Shaw

Brent Donald Shaw (born May 27, 1947) is a Canadian historian and the current Andrew Fleming West Professor of Classics at Princeton University. His principal contributions center on the regional history of the Roman world with special emphasis on the African provinces of the Roman Empire, the demographic and social history of the Roman family, and problems of violence and social order.

Education and career
Shaw received his B.A. and M.A. from the University of Alberta in 1968 and 1971 respectively. He later acquired his Ph.D. from Cambridge University in 1978, completing his dissertation research on pastoral nomadism and state regulation under the supervision of Joyce Reynolds.

After an initial post at the University of Birmingham, Shaw taught at the University of Lethbridge in western Canada from 1977–1996, spending a fellowship year at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1994, and two years as a visiting professor at Princeton University in 1989 and 1995. Shaw then took up a professorship at the University of Pennsylvania in 1996, which he held until taking up the Andrew Fleming West professorship of Classics at Princeton University in 2004. In 2012, Shaw was elected a resident member of the American Philosophical Society.

Work
Shaw has written extensively on problems of violence in establishing conditions of peace and order throughout the Roman world, in particular on bandits and brigands, and on sectarian violence. In a series of articles published through the 1980s and 1990s, Shaw provided a novel interpretation of the phenomenon of banditry and of the relationship of autonomy and violence to sustaining state power and force, drawing on Josephus, and engaging critically with the work of British Marxist Eric Hobsbawm. Shaw later shifted his focus to understanding how early Christians produced sectarian or religious violence by the popularization of images of ideological enemies, and through the mobilization of sentiment using both the idea and the practice of martyrdom. His book on the subject, Sacred Violence, was awarded the Wallace K. Ferguson Prize of the Canadian Historical Association for best book in history for 2011, and the PROSE Award for best book in Classics and Ancient History of 2011.

Shaw has also made significant contributions to the understanding of the economic and political integration of North Africa into the Roman Empire, exploring the problem of urbanization, and the economic role of pastoral nomads, as part of this process of integration. More broadly, Shaw has used historical contexts to explore how economic actions relate to ways in which human populations develop modes of thinking. In Bringing in the Sheaves, Shaw explores the relationship between the reaping of cereal crops in the Roman Empire and the ways in which people began thinking about death and vengeance in their social relations.

Shaw has also brought his historical knowledge to a wider audience through publications in History Today, The New Republic, the New Left Review, and The New York Review of Books.

The Neronian persecution
Shaw created controversy in 2015, when an article he published on the Journal of Roman Studies argued that Emperor Nero had not, as it is generally believed, persecuted Christians following the Great Fire of Rome. While Shaw accepted the authenticity of the passage of Tacitus about Christians in the Annals, he argued that Tacitus was using legendary and apocalyptic Christian sources to write his work; he also argued that the term "Christians" was not in use during Nero's reign and that Christians in Rome weren't so numerous to be persecuted.

Shaw's views have received strong criticism and have generally not been accepted by the scholarly consensus: writing on New Testament Studies, Christopher P. Jones (Harvard University) answered to Shaw and challenged his arguments, noting that the Tacitus's anti-Christian stance makes it unlikely that he was using Christian sources; he also noted that the Epistle to the Romans of Paul the Apostle clearly points to the fact that there was indeed a clear and distinct Christian community in Rome in the 50s and that the persecution is also mentioned by Suetonius in The Twelve Caesars. Shaw responded to Jones in a article in the same journal. Larry Hurtado (University of Edinburgh) was also critical of Shaw's argument, dismissing it as "vague and hazy".

Writing on Eirene: Studia Graeca et Latina, Brigit van der Lans and Jan N. Bremmer (University of Groningen) also dismissed Shaw's argument, noting that the Neronian persecution is recorded in many 1st-century Christian writings, such as the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Book of Revelation, the apocryphal Ascension of Isaiah, the First Epistle of Peter, the Gospel of John and the First Epistle of Clement, although these texts, while referring to fires or punishments, do not explicitly relate these events to the Neronian fire. Van der Lans and Bremmer also argued that Chrestianus, Christianus, and Χριστιανός were probably terms invented by the Romans in the 50s and then adopted by Christians themselves.

In an article for Vigiliae Christianae, John Granger Cook (LaGrange College) also rebuked Shaw's thesis, arguing that Chrestianus, Christianus, and Χριστιανός are not creations of the second century and that Roman officials were probably aware of the Chrestiani in the 60s.

In his book Ten Caesars: Roman Emperors from Augustus to Costantine, Barry S. Strauss (Cornell University) rejects Shaw's argument.

Books

 * Spartacus and the Slave Wars: A Brief History with Documents (2001). Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-23703-0
 * Sacred Violence: African Christians and Sectarian Hatred in the Age of Augustine (2011). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-12725-4
 * Bringing in the Sheaves: Economy and Metaphor in the Roman World (2013). University of Toronto Press. ISBN 1-442-64479-6

Edited and co-authored

 * Finley, Moses I. (1983). Economy and Society in Ancient Greece (Saller, Richard P. and Shaw, Brent D. eds.). Penguin (Pelican). ISBN 0-140-22520-X
 * Finley, Moses I. (1998). Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology (Shaw, Brent D., ed. Reprinting of 1980 edition). Markus Wiener Publishers. ISBN 1-558-76171-3
 * Shaw, Brent D., et. al. (2008). Worlds Together, Worlds Apart 2nd edition. W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-93493-4

Collected papers

 * Environment and Society in Roman North Africa (1995). Variorum. ISBN 0-860-78479-7
 * Rulers, Nomads, and Christians in Roman North Africa (1995). Variorum. ISBN 0-860-78490-8

Articles

 * Revised with addendum on recent research in:
 * Revised with addendum on recent research in:
 * Revised with addendum on recent research in:

 * Revised with addendum on recent research in:
 * Revised with addendum on recent research in:
 * Revised with addendum on recent research in:
 * Revised with addendum on recent research in:

title: Brent Shaw


text:
Talk:Magica De Spell

Translation of the name
"Magica" is Italian for "magical" whereas "magic" in Italian is "magia." Changing accordingly. (Source: any dictionary.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.218.35.151 (talk) 00:57, 20 January 2019 (UTC)

Untitled
Is Magica De Spell a duck or a raven ?
 * She is a duck. She is sometimes shown to keep a raven as a pet or magical familiar.Sinistro 23:13, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The names of Magica De Spell in other languages
Danish: Hexia de Trick /// Dutch (in the Netherlands): Zwarte Magica /// Finnish: Milla Magia /// French: Miss Tick /// German: Gundel Gaukeley /// Italian: Amelia /// Icelandic:Hexía deTrix /// —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.148.72.69 (talk) 12:09, 27 August 2010 (UTC) Norwegian: Magica fra Tryll /// Portuguese (Brazil): Maga Patalógica /// Spanish (in Spain): Mágica /// Swedish: Magica de Hex ///

Date of death?
"An actual date of the death of Magica De Spell is indeed unknown. Rumours that Magica De Spell died in 2004 aged 96, have neither confirmed nor denied yet." What's that all about? --GalFisk 16:48, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

I don't know either. It seems out of place. --Kaze0010 04:52, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

There is a similar edit on John_Rockerduck by the same IP address, although it says the DOD info is from Don Rosa --Kaze0010 05:02, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Foreign names and WP:NOT
Unless you can show me what part of the Foreign names section fails WP:NOT, I'm goint to revert. I just looked at NOT, and it doesn't fail any that I see. This is good information to combat American bias. - Peregrine Fisher 17:07, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I think it fits under WP:NOT. There used to be an article List of Disney characters/films in various languages. That article was deleted for that reason, or some other reason in WP:NOT. See also the discussion on the discussion page of Donald Duck. Besides, English language bias in an English language encyclopedia is not bad. Garion96 (talk) 23:11, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Which part? It doesn't seem to fit any. - Peregrine Fisher 20:52, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
 * It fits Wikipedia is not a dictionary or Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information, even if it's not mentioned specifically. Besides, lists like those are always removed from feautured articles. The information is just pointless. We don't have a list of translations of the name of Juliet Capulet even though that name is different in multiple languages. Garion96 (talk) 20:11, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
 * They aren't definitions. Also, it doesn't match any of WP:NOT, even in spirit, as far as I can tell.  Am I missing one?  Just because one page doesn't have something, doesn't mean another shouldn't. - Peregrine Fisher 20:22, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
 * That (almost) all of those articles (fictional characters and book/film titles) don't have it, does indicate something.... Garion96 (talk) 20:25, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
 * That may be becuase no one has bothered to make such sections. Do you know of any where they were made and then removed? - Peregrine Fisher 21:36, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
 * The Donald Duck article, and see Articles for deletion/List of Disney characters' names in various languages and Articles for deletion/List of titles of Harry Potter books in other languages. Garion96 (talk) 00:22, 19 January 2007 (UTC)
 * You've convinced me. - Peregrine Fisher 00:53, 19 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Garion96 (talk) 03:42, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

relationship to Scrooge
What is her familial relationship to Scrooge? The article for Number One Dime makes it sound like she is either Scrooge's aunt or sister. Wl219 01:37, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
 * That does look wrong. Or it is something from the Don Rosa universe on which I am not that familiar. Not in the Carl Barks stories anyway. Garion96 (talk) 01:49, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah, after reading Of Ducks Dimes and Destinies, I realized the sentence in Number One Dime just had awkward grammar, which I've edited. Wl219 02:55, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

Thank you, now I will go kill myself!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.201.100.253 (talk) 00:23, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Why, may I ask? --Jupiter Optimus Maximus (talk) 21:32, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Scrooge earning the dime from Magica
In Don Rosas prequel to The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck on page 14 it seems like Magica is the the one who gives Scrooge his first Dime. Since this is a very important part of the story of Magica trying to steal Scrooges dime, it should be added to the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Eikern (talk • contribs) 16:50, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Etymology of last name
"De Spell" sounds like "dispel"- should we say that? Joey12345345 (talk) 23:14, 9 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I'd say no, unless we have a reference (like an interview of Barks) about the origin of the name. But I don't know of any. Lerichard (talk) 12:23, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:08, 12 January 2018 (UTC)

Gina, Sophia, Morticia
Reference #2 cannot back up the statement "Barks instead decided to create a witch who was young and beautiful, so he took inspiration for her look from Italian actresses Gina Lollobrigida and Sophia Loren.", see https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190225/http://home.earthlink.net/~vathek/Meaning.html

Reference #3 (an interview with Justin Erickson, not Carl Barks) cannot back up the statement "Barks identified a similar figure from the comic strips of Charles Addams as another source of inspiration for Magica, namely Morticia Addams" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.119.103.221 (talk) 14:04, 18 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Magica De Spell


text:
Street Hassle

Street Hassle is the eighth solo studio album by American rock musician Lou Reed, released in February 1978 by Arista Records. Richard Robinson and Reed produced the album. It is the first commercially released pop album to employ binaural recording technology. Street Hassle combines live concert tapes (with overdubs) and studio recordings.

Production
All of the songs on Street Hassle were written by Reed, including "Real Good Time Together", a track that dates back to his days as a member of the Velvet Underground. Recording of a live album began in Munich and Ludwigshafen, West Germany. Unlike most live albums, the audience is completely muted from the mix during the concert recordings. Upon returning to the United States in August 1977, Arista Records told Reed releasing a live album was not an option, which began the NYC studio phase of the album. Then, producer Richard Robinson left the project after a fight in the studio. Determined to carry on, Reed moved the proceedings to Record Plant studios, accompanied by his recording engineer, Rod O’Brien.

Encouragement to focus and expand on the title song, "Street Hassle", came from Arista President Clive Davis, resulting in a three-part suite 11 minutes in length. The only song to be wholly written and recorded in the studio, culminating in a lyric by Reed, "Tramps like us, we were born to pay". After his engineer advised him that line belonged to somebody else, they both went downstairs, where Bruce Springsteen was working on his fourth studio album, which would be titled Darkness on the Edge of Town. Not only did Springsteen allow his "Born to Run" phrase to be used, he personally sang the line at Reed's request. By all accounts, the part was completed in one or two takes, to the mutual satisfaction of both. Springsteen was not credited for his performance in the liner notes of Street Hassle due to a policy set by his record label, Columbia Records.

Binaural recording
The recording of Street Hassle was notable in that Reed and his co-producer chose to employ an experimental microphone placement technique called binaural recording. In binaural recording, two microphones are placed in the studio in an attempt to mimic the stereo sound of actually being in the room with the performers and instruments. In the case of the recording sessions and concerts that composed Street Hassle, engineers used a mannequin head with a microphone implanted in each ear. Binaural recordings are generally only effective when the user listens to the album through headphones, and do not generally translate correctly through stereo speakers.

Reed's particular binaural recording system was developed by Manfred Schunke of the German company Delta Acoustics; Schunke is credited as an engineer on Street Hassle. Reed would continue to use the binaural recording style on two more releases: the 1978 live album Live: Take No Prisoners and the 1979 studio album The Bells.

Songs and composition
As was common on early Reed solo studio albums, Street Hassle contained a song originally written during Reed's days in the Velvet Underground—in this case, "Real Good Time Together," which had been previously released in 1974 on 1969: The Velvet Underground Live. "Dirt" is allegedly about his ex-manager, Steve Katz.

AllMusic editor Mark Deming has written that "the title cut, a three-movement poetic tone poem about life on the New York streets, is one of the most audacious and deeply moving moments of Reed's solo career." Biographer Anthony DeCurtis describes the album as being largely motivated by and representative of the end of Reed's three-year relationship with Rachel Humphreys, a trans woman who is believed to have died of AIDS in 1990 and been buried in a Potter's Field on Hart Island in the Bronx. DeCurtis summarizes the title track as "something of a requiem for Reed and Rachel's relationship." In a 1979 article for Rolling Stone, Mikal Gilmore refers to Humphreys as the "raison d'être" for the album as a whole.

Critical reception
Street Hassle was met with mostly positive reviews, such as from Rolling Stone's Tom Carson, who called the album "brilliant" and "a confession of failure that becomes a stunning, incandescent triumph—the best solo album Lou Reed has ever done." Robert Christgau of The Village Voice, however, gave the album a lukewarm reception, observing that "despite the strength of much of the material," he found the album's "production muddled, its cynicism uninteresting, [and] its self-reference self-serving." Tim Lott of the Record Mirror said, "Lou Reed has been a musical corpse for years now. Street Hassle is a creative nadir."

In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Mark Deming noted that while "time has magnified its flaws," Street Hassle was "still among the most powerful and compelling albums [Reed] released during the 1970s, and too personal and affecting to ignore."

Track listing
All tracks written by Lou Reed.

Side one
 * 1) "Gimmie Some Good Times" – 3:15
 * 2) "Dirt" – 4:43
 * 3) "Street Hassle" – 10:53
 * A. "Waltzing Matilda" – 3:20
 * B. "Street Hassle" – 3:31
 * C. "Slipaway" – 4:02

Side two
 * 1) "I Wanna Be Black" – 2:55
 * 2) "Real Good Time Together" – 3:21
 * 3) "Shooting Star" – 3:11
 * 4) "Leave Me Alone" – 4:44
 * 5) "Wait" – 3:13

Personnel
Adapted from the Street Hassle liner notes.

Musicians
 * Lou Reed – guitar, bass guitar, piano, vocals
 * Stuart Heinrich – guitar on "Street Hassle", backing vocals on "Leave Me Alone"
 * Michael Fonfara – piano on "I Wanna Be Black" and "Shooting Star"
 * Marty Fogel – saxophone
 * Steve Friedman – bass guitar on "Leave Me Alone"
 * Jeffrey Ross – lead guitar, backing vocals on live recorded tracks (uncredited in liner notes)
 * Michael Suchorsky – drums
 * Aram Schefrin – string arrangement
 * Genya Ravan – backing vocals
 * Jo'Anna Kameron – backing vocals
 * Angela Howard – backing vocals
 * Christine Wiltshire – backing vocals
 * Bruce Springsteen – spoken word on "Street Hassle: Slipaway" (uncredited in liner notes)

Production
 * Lou Reed – producer; mixing
 * Richard Robinson – producer
 * Rod O'Brien – engineer; mixing
 * Manfred Schunke – engineer of live recordings
 * Heiner Friesz – engineer of live recordings
 * Gray Russell – assistant engineer
 * Gregg Caruso – assistant engineer
 * Ted Jensen – mastering at Sterling Sound

title: Street Hassle


text:
Khmu language

Khmu is the language of the Khmu people of the northern Laos region. It is also spoken in adjacent areas of Vietnam, Thailand and China. Khmu lends its name to the Khmuic branch of the Austroasiatic language family, the latter of which also includes Khmer and Vietnamese. Within Austroasiatic, Khmu is often cited as being most closely related to the Palaungic and Khasic languages. The name "Khmu" can also be seen romanized as Kmhmu, Khmu', Kammu, or Khamuk in various publications or alternatively referred to by the name of a local dialect.

Dialects
Khmu has several dialects but no standard variety. Dialects differ primarily in consonant inventory, existence of register, and the degree to which the language has been influenced by the surrounding national language(s). Dialects are, for the most part, mutually intelligible; however communication can be difficult between speakers of geographically distant dialects.

The dialects of Khmu can be broadly categorized into two groups, Western Khmu and Eastern Khmu.

 * Western Khmu dialects have fewer consonant phonemes and instead use phonemic register contrast, as seen in other Austroasiatic languages, of "lax" breathy register and "tense" modal register. In at least one dialect of Western Khmu, known as Khmu Rook, tonogenesis is evident as the register contrast has developed into a system of two phonetic tones with six phonemic realizations.
 * Eastern Khmu dialects show the opposite tendency. Completely lacking either register or tone distinction, these dialects utilize a three-way distinction of stops (voiced, voiceless and aspirated voiceless) and nasals (voiced, voiceless, and pre-glottalized) in the syllable-initial position for phonemic contrast.

Suwilai Premsrirat (2002)
Suwilai Premsrirat (2002) reports the following locations and dialects of Kmhmu' in Laos, Vietnam, China, and Thailand.

 * Laos: spoken in the 8 northern provinces of Luang Namtha, Udomsai, Bokeo, Sayaburi, Phongsali, Luang Prabang, and Xiaq kvaaq, with a few villages near Vientiane. Dialects include Kmhmu' Rook, Khmu Lw, and Kmhmu' Cwaq (also known as Kmhmu' Uu).
 * Vietnam: Kim Hua, Sop Pot, Sop Caw and Pung Kamong Villages, Kim Da Subdistrict, Tương Dương District, Vinh City, Nghệ An Province. Also in Lai Châu Province, Sơn La Province, and Thanh Hóa Province.
 * China: Pung Soa village (more conservative with voicing contrasts in the initial consonants) and Om Kae village (has tonal contrasts) in Sipsongpanna, Yunnan
 * Thailand: many villages, including the representative datapoint of Huai Ian village, Lai Ngao subdistrict, Wiang Kaen district, Chiang Rai province (originally from Pak Bang district of Laos, where the language is called Khmu Khrong, meaning 'Mekong Khmu'). Also in Nan province and Lampang province.

Consonants
The consonant inventory of Khmu' is shown in the table below. The phoneme /f/, present in dialects of both Eastern and Western Khmu', is a result of borrowings from the surrounding Tai languages.

 * 1) Only found in Eastern Khmu dialects.
 * 2)  is a voiceless labio-velar approximant

Vowels
The vowels of the Khmu' language show little variation across the dialects with all varieties having 19 monophthongs and three diphthongs (, and ).

Syntax
Khmu uses mainly an SVO word order although an OVS order is also possible.

title: Khmu language


text:
User talk:Azure1

(SlimVirgin violates Wikipedia rules: on Civility and 3 Reverts. SlimVirgin dishonestly violates 3R with jayjg and a tag-team of other blatantly Zionist/Jewish-centric Wikipedia propagandists.

title: User talk:Azure1


text: Category:Real estate companies of Singapore


text: List of drugs: D

title: List of drugs: D


text:
Talk:Goubuli

Anon text
I removed the following text contributed by 69.196.168.217, because I suspected copyvio and because it didn't fit into the flow of the article. However, the information seems useful and appropriate for the article.

 * Goubuli has now stretched its restaurant services all over Tianjin,opening stores with McDonald-like diningwares,modern renovations and modified to appeal to the new generation (mostly teenagers) of the Chinese people.The first Goubuli restaurant is located in downtown Tianjin,but unlike its modern chain stands,this particular restaurant is filled with traditional Chinese culture,with an aged setting and historical furnitures.

— Pekinensis 19:44, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

About the Merge
Goubuli is a different type of baozi with a unique history and warrants its own article. As such I do not think it should not be merged. Sjschen 01:54, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 10:41, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Academic translation....???

 * http://scholar.google.cn/scholar?hl=zh-CN&q=Go+Believe+%E7%8B%97%E4%B8%8D%E7%90%86&btnG=%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&lr=&as_ylo=&as_vis=0 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 222.67.218.164 (talk) 04:38, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

Page name
This really shouldn't be listed under "Go Believe". The closest transliteration is "Goubuli" which is used in the article and is close enough if we can't have the full pinyin name as a page title. 110.175.198.4 (talk) 04:09, 3 January 2012 (UTC)

 * I think "Go Believe" is the English brand name of the company. Still, I agree that something like "Goubuli" or "Goubuli baozi" would be better. 138.16.32.85 (talk) 21:40, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

Name
I changed the article's name from "Go Believe" back to "Goubuli". 1: I looked on the company's official website, and the name "Go Believe" is nowhere to be found. The name "Goubuli" however, is prominently displayed on the right hand side of the web page (the cover of its official publication ).

2. Most English-language news articles uses "Goubuli",. "Goubuli" is the more common name here.

3. The name "Go Believe" came about in 2008 in anticipation of the Summer Olympics. Its probable that it is done so for the Olympics only, because it seems like most English language articles and even the official website never followed that through.--Thomasettaei (talk) 07:17, 20 March 2014 (UTC)

What is it, anyway?
This article needs to focus on what these buns actually are! What are they filled with? are there different kinds...etc. --hacky (talk) 18:48, 14 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Goubuli


text:
Sigaction

In computing,  is a function API defined by POSIX to give the programmer access to what should be a program's behavior when receiving specific OS signals.

General
In Unix-like operating systems, one means of inter-process communication is through signals. When an executing unit (process or thread) receives a signal from the OS, it should react in some way defined by the datasheet and the conventional meaning of this signal (i.e. by dumping its data, stopping execution, synchronizing something...).

The  system call is used to declare the behavior of the program should it receive one particular non-system-reserved signal. This is done by giving along with the system call a structure containing, among others, a function pointer to the signal handling routine. Some predefined signals (such as ) have locked behavior that is handled by the system and cannot be overridden by such system calls.

sigaction structure
The POSIX standard requires that the sigaction structure be defined as below in the  header file and it should contain at least the following fields:

Implementations are free to define additional, possibly non-portable fields. The sa_handler member specifies the address of a function to be called when the process receives the signal. The signal number is passed as an integer argument to this function. The sa_mask member specifies additional signals to be blocked during the execution of signal handler. sa_mask must be initialized with sigemptyset(3). The sa_flags member specifies some additional flags. sa_sigaction is an alternate signal handler with different set of parameters. Only one signal handler must be specified, either sa_handler or sa_sigaction. If it is desired to use sa_sigaction instead of sa_handler, SA_SIGINFO flag must be set.

Replacement for
The  function provides an interface for reliable signals in replacement of the unreliable   function. Signal handlers installed by the  interface will be uninstalled immediately prior to execution of the handler. Permanent handlers must therefore be reinstalled by a call to  during the handler's execution, causing unreliability in the event a signal of the same type is received during the handler's execution but before the reinstall. Handlers installed by the  interface can be installed permanently and a custom set of signals can be blocked during the execution of the handler. These signals will be unblocked immediately following the normal termination of the handler (but not in the event of an abnormal termination such as a C++ exception throw.)

Use in C++
In C++, the  programming structure may be (depending on host platforms) based on signalling. To  signals translated into C++ exceptions, special compiler switches may be necessary on some platforms such as   for GCC and the Intel C Compiler.

title: Sigaction


text:
Template:List of drugs D

Da–Dd | De | Df–Di | Do | Dr–Dy

title: Template:List of drugs D


text:
User talk:Clfyf

This was a linkspammer; all articles has been deleted. Thue | talk 19:45, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Clfyf


text:
José Juan Tablada

José Juan de Aguilar Acuña Tablada (April 3, 1871 – August 2, 1945) was a Mexican poet, art critic and, for a brief period, diplomat. A pioneer of oriental studies, and champion of Mexican art, he spent a good portion of his life living abroad. As a poet, his work spans from the fin-de-siècle style to avant-garde experimentalism. He was an influential early writer of Spanish-language haiku.

Career
Tablada was born in Mexico City and studied at Chapultepec Castle. He at first worked for the national railways. In 1890, aged 19, he began contributing to magazines and newspapers as a journalist, essayist and poet. In 1894 his rhythmic and intricate poem "Onix" brought him renown. Florilegio, his first collection of poetry, was published in 1899 and established him as one of Mexico's pioneer 'modernists', although at that period such writing approximated the style of the French decadent movement.

From early on, he became interested in Japanese aesthetics and travelled to Japan for some months in 1900. This left its influence on his work and culminated in a book on the artist Hiroshige (1914) and a general work, En el país del sol (In the land of the sun, 1919). The latter was made up of a selection of his articles on Japanese subjects over the years, in particular those arising from his 1900 visit. In addition he had brought back a large collection of ukiyo-e prints that are now in the National Library of Mexico.

During the turmoil of the Mexican Revolution, Tablada spent time in Paris and then in New York City until he was appointed a cultural secretary in the Foreign Service in 1918, serving in Bogotá, Caracas, and Quito. Unable to adapt to the altitude of the last, he resigned and thereafter spent much of his time in New York until 1935. There he ran a bookshop and founded the magazine Mexican Art and Life. At this time he was championing Mexican art, being among the first to draw attention to the art of the Pre-Columbian period, but also supporting the modernist painters José Clemente Orozco and Diego Rivera.

After his return to Mexico, he published a partial autobiography, La feria de la vida (1937), and was elected a member of the Mexican Literary Academy in 1941. He was appointed Vice-Consul for New York City in 1945 but died soon after his arrival. On November 5, 1946 his remains we interred at the Rotunda of Illustrious Persons

Poetry
Tablada is recognized as among the originators of modern Mexican poetry and is credited with the introduction of haiku to his country. His collection Un dia (1919) contains 38 ‘synthetic poems’ and has been described as “the first book of original haiku written by a poet outside Japan”. It was followed by a collection of calligrams, Li-Po y otros poemas (1920), and in 1922 by El jarro de flores, containing a further 68 haiku. His haiku are distinguished by their aesthetic quality, as for example in
 * Slight willow,
 * almost gold, almost amber,
 * almost light….

and by their humour:
 * Moonlit roofs beyond the window,
 * Chinese shadows inky black
 * and the Chinese music of cats.

In 1921 his friend the composer Edgard Varèse incorporated an earlier piece by Tablada, La Cruz del Sur, in his Offrandes (1921), and two years later dedicated his Hyperprism to the poet. After Tablada's death, Luis Sandi set ten of his haiku for voice and piano (Diez hai-kais para canto y piano, 1947).

Poetry

 * El florilegio, 1899
 * La epopeya nacional, Porfirio Díaz, 1909
 * Hiroshigué: el pinto de la nieve, de la lluvia, de la noche y de la luna, 1914
 * Al sol y bajo la luna, 1918
 * Un día... Poemas Sintéticos, 1919
 * Li-Po y otros poemas, 1920
 * Madrigales ideográficos, 1920
 * Retablo de memoria de Ramón López Velarde, 1921
 * El jarro de flores, 1922
 * Intersecciones, 1924
 * La feria: poemas mexicanos, 1928
 * Del humorismo a la carcajada, 1944

Essays

 * "La defensa social: historia de la campaña de la División del Norte", 1913.
 * "Historia del arte en México", 1927
 * "Hongos mexicanos comestibles: micología económica", 1983

title: José Juan Tablada


text:
Talk:Lattimer massacre

NPOV
This article seems to be lacking in the NPOV department. (User:Daegred forgot to sign) 19:45, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Sensationalistic
I think the tone of this article is a little sensationalistic and emotionally-charged. I'm not a great writer but I think this article needs to be looked at. (at 15:45, 26 May 2005 EDT Anonymous User:65.167.23.134 forgot to sign)

 * Please, give some specifics. Proclaiming that an article is POV without any evidence to support your claim is essentially meaningless. Since I am the only substantial author of this article, there is a considerable risk that it is POV. I really would like to know what specifically you think is POV, so it can be fixed to improve the article.-Casito⇝Talk 20:38, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

I'll agree that there are some phrasings that suggest a particular POV. Here are some that struck me:
 * "... an atrocity in which a sheriff's posse killed more than nineteen unarmed immigrant miners and wounded scores more."
 * Would it be incorrect to describe this as "an incident in which many unarmed immigrant miners were killed or wounded by a sheriff's posse during a labor dispute"? I'm not an expert on NPOV, but putting the actions of the posse in the active voice makes it seem less objective IMHO. Also, the fact that "scores more" were wounded seems less appropriate for the opening sentence of the article than perhaps later on, and it suggested a sense of outrage to me.

This isn't an exhaustive list -- just the ones that caught my eye as I scanned through. Nice work on the article! Mcgrawcm 23:38, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Under Events > Lead-up, bullets described as "perfect for penetrating multiple ranks of demonstrators" is clearly emotional. Perhaps an objective remark about the increased lethality of such munitions would be in order, but this seems too inflammatory.
 * Under Events > Massacre, it just seems to me like an anecdotal account without much corroboration -- and given the sides taken in the dispute, even the corroborating testimony of many witnesses from a given side is probably still biased. We all know that even body counts can rise and fall depending on who's counting the bodies. I think the article should underscore who reported the actions of the posse, et al., if known or if it could be reasonably inferred, e.g. "Miners reported that ..."
 * "An unknown person, perhaps the sheriff" seems clearly POV -- either the person was known or he was unknown. There shouldn't be any implication of a certain identity, unless of course there's sufficient evidence to suggest it. If there is such evidence, include it.

Modifications
Part of the problem is that the sources I had available were somewhat vague as to who said what. I presume that the major primary sources for this event were newspapers and trial testomony. The former is undoubtedly biased (as the yellow press ran the roost in those days), while the latter would shed light on several points of view. Unfortunatly, I don't really have the resources to track it down and read through all of the testimony. Furthermore, I suspect that most of the books written describing the event are written with a pro labor/slavic point of view.
 * incident was my origional phrasing -- I added atrocity as a link to the atrocity/massacre article. There is a link to the same article later in the same paragraph, so I will restore the origional wording.
 * This issue of the bullets is a bit tricker. Metal-jacketed amunition is actually less lethal against a single target since the bullets do not mushroom on impact. The added lethality here comes, however, from the rounds' ability to penetrate multiple targets. I did my best to neutralize the statement while still conveying this information.
 * The body count of 19 is quite certain and can be found in any article on the subject. The number wounded, however, is more speculative, since many miners were too afraid to seek treatment at nearby hospitles. I will also try a few more tweaks to improve the POV of this secion.
 * The issue of the unknown person is more a problem of summarization than my POV. I have expanded it to two sentences to explain.

The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission article (the first external link) is the most extensive, relativly NPOV, and a trustworthy source. I recommend it to anyone fact-checking or revising the POV of this article. On that note, someone other than me should probably go through and further neutralize the point of view of the article. As a decendent of Slavic miners in PA, I am passionate about researching and writing about their history. The downside is, of course, that I have a point of view about the subject. In contrast, however, I think that people tend to question this article because it is a seemingly signifigant event in American history that they have never heard about (Slavs sometimes seem like a "forgotten" ethnic group in the U.S.).-Casito⇝Talk 02:36, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

POV tag removal
I will assume from lack of responce that people approve of my modifications, and that people find the article to be more NPOV, thus I'm removing the tag. If you disagree, you won't hurt my feelings if you restore it. -Casito⇝Talk 3 July 2005 14:53 (UTC)

Inaccurate firearms information
The article claims that that metal jacketing bullets increases their lethality. This is incorrect; metal jacketted bullets are less lethal since the jacketing largely prevents expansion and thus reduces the amount of kinectic energy absorbed by the target as well as reducing the size of the bullet paths. The Geneva conventions even REQUIRE military forces to use full metal jacket ammo for precisely this reason.

Lethality
The lethality link has been piped to stopping power; that article starts off by saying that "stopping power" is not the same as "lethality". Some clarification needed, please. Colonies Chris (talk) 09:14, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Regarding lethality quote, I edited the word Lethality to penetration, as I believe this is a more accurate and less inflamatory description of the effect of using full metal jacket ammunition. Theseeker4 (talk) 17:29, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Neutrality
This article seems really biased towards the strikers, and while that is where my personal sympathies lie, the article should be as neutral as possible. --Sultan Pepper (talk) 00:23, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Nation of Austria-Hungary?
While I'm not an expert and thus don't feel compelled to make an edit straight away, I find it highly dubious that it's possible to speak of a "nation of Austria-Hungary". A state or country maybe. A-H was a union of two nations, and it also annexed lands inabited by other nations, some of which considered this to be an occupation and actively fought against it. That's especially true of Poles who make the majority of the vitcims of the incident described. I don't think you can lump the citizens of the A-H state under the term "nation". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.232.234.3 (talk) 12:21, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

Lead is copyrighted
The entire lead is copied almost word-for-word from the "Lattimer Massacre" entry in Massacring: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases. Icon Group International, 2008. ISBN 0546713459. It has been changed to removed this text. - Tim1965 (talk) 19:03, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Icon republishes our articles. Dougweller (talk) 14:24, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

Slavs?
The article states that one of the prevalent ethnic groups among the miners were Lithuanians, but the rest of the article refers to the miners in general as "Slavic". Lithuanians are not Slavs. Perhaps "Slavs" should be changed to a more accurate name ("non-English speakers"? "Central and Eastern Europeans"? "Recent immigrants?"). EugeneK (talk) 03:21, 10 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I have a number of sources on this, and will need to double-check that. My sense of some of the citations is that "Slav" is used specifically (like when it says strikebreakers were Slavic). That's seemed an attempt to employers to create ethnic tension. I'm leery of using a more general term like "Central and Eastern European" unless the source justify it.  So I will help check sources on that. (This article needs improving anyway.  There is a lot of information just not included here.) - Tim1965 (talk) 14:34, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

Name of Judge Presiding over Prosecutions.
The artlicle would benefit from naming the judge who presided over the prosecution of the Sheriff and Deputies. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 31.68.196.238 (talk) 11:20, 13 March 2014 (UTC)

Page numbers
Why is it that not a single page number appears in any of the citations in this article. Some of the books are cited multiple times, but the specific page numbers are never given. This is a problem. ---  The Old Jacobite  The '45  13:00, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

number of deaths
The lede and infobox both state 19. The body of the article has two sets of lists from different sources; one lists 21 names, the other 19. The sources as are:

1. A list of 21 names from a contemporary newspaper (and a widely respected one), documenting the event shortly after it occurred. With all due respect to the notion that primary sources such as this documenting an historical event shortly after the fact can be prone to errors....

2. The list of 19 names, which comes from some book written by some dude, many decades later, who describes himself as 'not a historian' but a 'philosopher and theologian', and who apparently came up with said list not through the use of contemporary records but through 'known gravesites' (whatever tf that even means).

Which one of these things seems more likely to be accurate?? ffs... Should wikipedia lower its standards to those such as the second, then any Joe Blow could publish some book saying that the Nazis really only killed 100,000 Jews (or whatever) during the Holocaust, based on his assesment of known mass gravesites' or some similar fictitious claimed authority.

I will amend this. Firejuggler86 (talk) 14:41, 27 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lattimer massacre


text:
Christine Pountney

Christine Pountney (born 1971) is a Canadian author. She has published three novels, and has written for The Guardian, the New York Times Magazine, the Walrus, Brick Magazine, and Nuvo.

Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Pountney grew up in Montreal, Quebec. She graduated with an MA in creative writing from the University of East Anglia in 1997. She lives in Toronto with her ex, Michael Winter, and their son, Leo.

Awards and recognition

 * Last Chance Texaco was long-listed for the Orange Prize in 2000.

title: Christine Pountney


text:
User:WikiOslo

WikiOslo is a chemistry student from Oslo, Norway. He was born in 1983, and enjoys spending time travelling, reading and working on Wikipedia projects.

His main academic interests lie in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics.

Contributions/Projects
Karl Fischer titration, Ullevaal University Hospital, Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services, Norwegian Board of Health, Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs, Norwegian Medicines Agency, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Template:Norwegian_hospitals.

Travelling Abroad
Nova Scotia (Canada), Rhode Island (USA), San Diego, (USA), London (UK), Liverpool (UK), Bristol (UK), Bath Spa (UK), Glasgow (UK), Paris (France), Geneva (Switzerland), Venice (Rome), Rome (Italy), Bari (Italy), Berlin (Germany), Athens (Greece), Patras (Greece), Thessaloniki (Greece), Bourgas (Bulgaria), Sozopol (Bulgaria), Copenhagen (Denmark),  Amsterdam (The Netherlands)

title: User:WikiOslo


text:
List of awards and nominations received by Madonna

Madonna is an American singer, songwriter, and actress who has received many awards and nominations. Her first nomination from a major award ceremony was Best New Artist at the 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA) for "Borderline" from her debut album Madonna (1983). "Lucky Star", which she single-handedly wrote for the album, earned Madonna her first songwriting honor from the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP). Due to the success of her second album, Like a Virgin (1984), she won seven categories at the 1985 Billboard Number One Awards, including Top Pop Artist of the Year. The 1985 soundtrack single "Crazy for You" gave Madonna her first Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Madonna received many accolades at the international level after the release of her third album, True Blue (1986), including Artist of the Year and Grand Prix Album of the Year at the Japan Gold Disc Awards as well as International Album of the Year at Canada's Juno Awards. At the 1986 VMAs, she become the first woman to receive the Video Vanguard Award.

Madonna continued winning the VMA trophies with her critically acclaimed album, Like a Prayer (1989), but it was snubbed at the Grammy Awards. By the end of the 1980s, Madonna was named the Artist of the Decade by several media such as MTV, Billboard, and Musician magazine. In 1990, the Hollywood Walk of Fame committee decided to award Madonna with a star on the Hollywood Boulevard sidewalk, but she turned down the nomination. The Blond Ambition World Tour won the award for Most Creative Stage Production at the 1990 Pollstar Awards. Madonna also won her first Grammy Award in the category of Best Long Form Music Video, for the video release of the tour. In 1998, Madonna released Ray of Light, which earned her three Grammy trophies as well as nominations for Album of the Year and Record of the Year. At the 1998 VMAs, Madonna won six categories, including Video of the Year. In 1999, "Beautiful Stranger" gave Madonna her 20th VMA win, more than any other artist in history until Beyoncé surpassing the record in 2016.

Madonna won her first Brit Award for International Female Solo Artist following the release of her eighth studio album, Music (2000). She received the same award after the release of Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005), which also earned her the Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album. Madonna won her seventh Grammy Award for The Confessions Tour (2007). During the 2000s, Madonna was honored four times at the Billboard Touring Awards, including Top Tour twice, for the 2004 Re-Invention World Tour and the 2009 leg of the Sticky & Sweet Tour. Her lengthy career achievement was also acknowledged by France's NRJ Awards in 2004 and the MTV TRL Awards in 2006. She was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2004 (as one of its five founding members) and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2008 (her first year of eligibility).

Outside of her works in music, Madonna has been nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Actress for her role in Dick Tracy (1990) and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy for starring in Evita (1996). However, she has also received "mocking" awards for her films, including nine Golden Raspberry Awards. Madonna was honored for her charitable works in helping cure AIDS, by the AIDS Project Los Angeles (APLA) in 1990 and American Foundation for AIDS Research (AmfAR) in 1991. Her documentary film I Am Because We Are (2008) received the VH1 Do Something! Award for bringing forward a social issue. At the 2019 GLAAD Media Awards, Madonna received the special honor of Advocate for Change. Madonna also won a number of accolades for her fashion, including five awards from the VH1 Fashion Awards as well as the Style Icon Award from the 2007 Elle Style Awards.

Other victories and nominations

 * Australian Music Awards — Billboard
 * ARIA Awards — Billboard
 * Cat's Compact Discs & Cassettes Awards — Billboard
 * Michigan Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (inductee)
 * Rolling Stone Music Awards — Rolling Stone
 * Rhino Awards — Billboard
 * Premios DAN (Chile) — UPI (2005)
 * Humanitarian Award (Organización de Naciones Orientadas, ONO) — 1996
 * Girl Choice Awards
 * VH1 Viewers Vote — Billboard
 * Salon.com Awards: 1999, 2000
 * Flash Film Festival

Others

 * Billi Awards by Billboard
 * Clio Awards: 1990, 1999, 1999, 2001
 * Dorian Awards: 2015
 * Art Directors Guild: 2012, 2013
 * MVPA Awards: 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003
 * National Music Publishers' Association (NMPA): Database
 * Design and Art Direction Awards: Bedtime Stories, Frozen
 * Best Art Vinyl: 2006
 * American Society of Mechanical Engineers: 2020


text: User talk:81.215.133.70

title: User talk:81.215.133.70


text:
Vincients Wood

Vincients Wood is a small nature reserve, a 12 acre area of semi-natural broadleaved woodland on the western edge of the town of Chippenham, Wiltshire, England.

On the west side of Vincients Wood is a small grass strip and then the A350 bypass; other than that the wood is surrounded by housing. The Moss Mead housing estate is on the north side, past a long, narrow strip of grass named the Long Dragon Piece and some willow pollards; to the east are Awdry Close and Brinkworth Close, and to the south are Turpin Way and Brittain Close.

The hazel bushes that grow beneath the oaks were regularly cut in the past, a tradition known as coppicing. The cut wood was used for building fences and provided fuel. Periodic removal of selected trees creates sunny glades. Combined with the coppicing, this benefits wildlife by letting the sunlight in and creating ideal conditions for many animals, birds, insects and plants.

Vincients Wood is divided into two unequal parts by a medieval woodbank and ditch stretching its entire width. The southern section of the wood is older than the larger northern section – so much so that it is considered to be ancient woodland. The wood is maintained by the Wiltshire Wildlife Trust, who have owned it since 1990 and manage the reserve along with volunteers. A footpath through the wood circles most of the reserve for approximately one mile, and there are multiple entrances and exits into the wood. A welcome sign, created by the Trust in conjunction with the Countryside Commission (now the Countryside Agency), is posted at the north-by-northwest entrance and states that a Nature Trail leaflet is available.

The woodland is a reserve intended to protect many species of wildlife, plants and fungi. Visitors are encouraged to keep to the main paths, not to drop litter, and leave the flowers for others to enjoy.

Fauna
• Grey squirrel

• Hedgehog

• Great spotted woodpecker

• Chiffchaff

• Wren

• Bullfinch

• Blackcap

• Nuthatch

• Goldcrest

• Tit

• Speckled wood
 * Red fox

Flora
• Ash

• Maple

• Oak

• Crab apple

• Aspen

• English elm

• Sallow

• Horse chestnut

• Larch

• Hazel

• Spindle

• Hawthorn

• Guelder rose

• Wayfaring tree

• Blackthorn

• Dogwood

• Dog violet

• Privet

• Wood anemone

• White wood anemone

• Common bluebell

• Early purple orchid

• Buttercup

• Goldilocks buttercup

• Lesser celandine

• Red campion

• Stitchwort

• Woodruff

• Honeysuckle

• Ivy

• Ground ivy

Fungi
• Blewit

• Wood blewit

• Crumble cap

• Fairies bonnets

title: Vincients Wood


text:
Air Products

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is an American international corporation whose principal business is selling gases and chemicals for industrial use. Air Products is headquartered in Trexlertown, Pennsylvania, in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania.

As of 2024, Air Products is the fifth-largest employer in the Lehigh Valley.

20th century
Air Products was founded in Detroit in 1940 by Leonard Parker Pool with the objective of establishing on-site production and sales of various forms of industrial gas.

The following year, in 1941, the U.S. entered World War II, and Air Products began manufacturing mobile generators for the production of oxygen used in high elevation military flights and necessary to meet the needs of the U.S. Air Force and allied air forces.

In 1944, the company relocated its headquarters from Detroit to Chattanooga, Tennessee, where it expanded its oxygen production manufacturing capacity to meet the needs of the U.S. military and its allies in their war against Nazi Germany and the Axis powers.

Following the end of World War II, the company relocated its headquarters and operations to Emmaus, Pennsylvania in the manufacturing-intensive Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania. In the late 1950s, it completed the development of its current corporate headquarters in neighboring Trexlertown.

Air Products serves customers in technology, energy, healthcare, food, and industrial markets worldwide with atmospheric industrial gases, including oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide, process and specialty gases, performance materials, and chemical intermediates.

Air Products produces refinery hydrogen, liquified natural gas technologies and equipment, epoxy additives, gas cabinets, advanced coatings, and adhesives.

21st century
In 2001, Air Products Received an Award of Merit from the WateReuse Association for Outstanding Water Conservation Efforts for conserving 62 e6USgal of drinking water annually by converting to recycled water for the cooling process at its Santa Clara, California manufacturing facility. The award was presented during the 25th Annual WateReuse Symposium. WRA recognizes projects that have advanced the acceptance of water reuse through education, sound science, and technology using reclamation, recycling, reuse, or desalination for the benefit of the public and the environment.

Air Products provided the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen fuel for the Space Shuttle external tank. Air Products has had a working relationship with NASA for five decades, supplying the liquid hydrogen used for every Space Shuttle launch and the Mercury and Apollo missions.

Air Products is included on the Dow Jones Sustainability North America Index as one of the best performing sustainable companies for the period of 2008 to 2011.

In January 2004, Air Products (NYSE: APD) was named a Maplecroft Climate Innovation Indexes (CIIs) Leader, the 17th largest U.S.-based company that has undergone evaluation of its climate-related innovation and carbon management programs. Air Products is currently working on several preeminent carbon capture and storage demonstration projects around the world.

In 2010, Air Products was awarded the Rushlight Hydrogen and Fuel Cells industry award for the Series 10 hydrogen fuelling station, which celebrates the leading environmental technologies and innovations by organizations throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland by promoting development in hydrogen and fuel cells and enabling further development and funding to be granted toward reducing carbon emissions.

In March 2010, Corporate Responsibility magazine named Air Products to its 100 Best Corporate Citizens List.

In 2013, Air Products' high purity built-in purifier argon was used to determine a more accurate value for the Boltzmann constant.

In September 2015, Air Products announced its intent to spin off its Materials Technologies business. This new stand alone company was named Versum Materials. The spinoff was competed on October 3, 2016. Versum was later acquired by pharmaceutical company Merck.

In January 2017, Air Products completed the sale of its Performance Materials division to Evonik, leaving the company focused on its industrial gases business.

Air Products initially refused to cease operations in Russia in response to the 2022 invasion of Ukraine and the international sanctions subsequently levied against Russia. However, according to Yale School of Management, the company reversed its position and has since divested its interests in Russia.

title: Air Products


text:
Kłobuck

Kłobuck is a town in southern Poland, with 12,934 inhabitants (2019). Located in the Silesian Voivodeship, about 15 km northwest of Częstochowa, it is the capital of Kłobuck County. Historically, Kłobuck belongs to Lesser Poland, and is located in its extreme northwestern corner, near the border with two other Polish historical provinces – Greater Poland, and Silesia. The town lies among the hills of Lesser Poland Upland. Most of Kłobuck lies 240 to 260 metres above sea level, and the highest point within town's limits is Dębowa Góra (284 metres). Kłobuck has the area of 47 km2, with forests taking up 20%.

Etymology
In the past, the name of the town was spelled in many different ways – Kłobucko, Kłobuczko, Kłobuczek. Current name has been used since the late 19th century, and it most probably comes from ancient Polish word kłobuk, which is a type of headgear. Another explanation is that kłobuk means “top”, or “summit”, and at the time of its location, the town was on the top of Lesser Poland, as its most extreme northwestern urban centre.

History
Kłobuck was granted town rights in 1339, during the reign of King Casimir III the Great. At that time, it was located along the busy merchant road from Lesser Poland to Greater Poland. Further north, near Wieluń, the road split into two directions – northwest to Poznań, and southwest to Wrocław. According to Jan Długosz, who himself was a canon at Kłobuck, the local St Martin and Margaret Church was built in 1144. Kłobuck was a major local trade center well before receiving its official status as a town. It had a number of artisans, and in 1658 it became the seat of a starosta. As a result of The Deluge and accordingly because of the increase of levies paid to Jasna Góra monastery, the city began to deteriorate. For hundreds of centuries, until 1793 (see Partitions of Poland), the town belonged to Lelów County in the Kraków Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province. Annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, it briefly was part of New Silesia. In 1807 Kłobuck was incorporated into the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and after its dissolution it fell to the Russian Empire in 1815. Between 1870 and 1917 Kłobuck was a village, upon order of Tsarist authorities.

In the Second Polish Republic, Kłobuck belonged to Częstochowa County of Kielce Voivodeship. In May 1939, National Defence Battalion “Kłobuck” was formed here. During the German invasion of Poland at the start of World War II, on September 1, 1939, the Battle of Mokra took place 5 kilometres north of Kłobuck. During the war, the town was incorporated into the Third Reich, as part of the County of Blachownia (German: Landkreis Blachstädt), Upper Silesia Province. Most of Kłobuck's 2,000 Jews were murdered in the Holocaust.

Some Jewish families that survived the Holocaust moved to other countries, notably, Australia, Canada, Sweden, Israel and the USA. A Jewish Survivor, Zeleg Berkowitz, moved to Sweden and documented the Jewish communities life in Pre-Holocaust Klobuck.

In the immediate postwar period, Kłobuck returned to Kielce Voivodeship, but in 1950, together with Częstochowa, it was moved to Katowice Voivodeship. In 1952, Kłobuck County was created, and in 1975–1999, the town belonged to Częstochowa Voivodeship. After the war, Kłobuck quickly developed in the 1950s and 1960s, when several heavy industry enterprises were opened, and iron ore deposits were found.

Geography
Kłobuck is located on the border of two mesoregions: Wieluń Upland and Krzepice Slip, which form a part of Wieluń-Woźniki Upland. Kłobuck is located by the Biała Oksza river and Czarna Oksza river.

Landscape
The city is located on a hilly fragment of Woźniki-Wieluń Upland. The highest point within the town's limits is Dębowa Góra – 284 meters above the sea level.

Land use
Kłobuck has an area of 47,46 km2. About 71% of the area is used for agricultural purposes (mostly for arable farming and grazing). About 20% of the town's area is forested, whilst 9% of the land is covered by houses, industrial estates and infrastructure such as roads.

Nature
Dębowa Góra nature reserve is located within the town's limits, 2 km from the town centre. This nature reserve gives special protection to the remains of primeval oak and hornbeam forests. Most of the forests within Kłobuck's limits are a part of the Kłobuck forest district (Nadleśnictwo Kłobuck). There are no big natural bodies of water within the town's limits. The Zakrzew reservoir is located on the border of Rybno village and Kłobuck.

Sights

 * Church of Saint Martin and Margaret – church built in its original form in 12th and 13th century. The first stone church was built in 1144 in a Romanesque style. In the beginning of the 15th century, Kłobuck parish was one of the biggest in Poland covering the area of 800 km2. Between 1443 and 1458, Jan Długosz, one of the most famous chroniclers in Poland was a parish priest in Kłobuck. Certain church buildings are listed on historical monuments list. They include a church building from the 14th century, vicarage and granary (both built in the 15th century).
 * Palace in Kłobuck Zagórze – historic palace built in 1795 in the neo gothic style. It is surrounded by a park with an area of 4.3 ha. The palace was built for a Prussian minister Christian Graf von Haugwitz. Subsequent owners included Benedykt Lemański, Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck, and Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia. After the First World War the palace became a property of the Treasury of State. Between 1918 and 1939 a Forestry School was located in the palace and between 1952 and 1972 the seat of the County Council. Subsequently, a garments factory "Elegance" was located there. Recently, refurbishment works have started in the palace.

Transport
Main road connections from the Kłobuck include connection with Wieluń (to the north-west) and Częstochowa (to the south-east) via the National Road. Kłobuck also has a rail station, along Polish Coal Trunk-Line, which since 2006 has been used freight trains only.

Twin towns – sister cities
See twin towns of Gmina Kłobuck.

title: Kłobuck


text: User talk:86.130.209.7

title: User talk:86.130.209.7


text:
Matthew 3:3

Matthew 3:3 is the third verse of the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The verse occurs in the section introducing John the Baptist, and links him to messianic prophecies.

Content
In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:
 * For this is he that was spoken
 * of by the prophet Esaias, saying,
 * The voice of one crying in the
 * wilderness, Prepare ye the way of
 * the Lord, make his paths straight.

The World English Bible translates the passage as:
 * For this is he who was spoken of by Isaiah the prophet,
 * saying, "The voice of one crying in the
 * wilderness, make ready the way of the
 * Lord. Make his paths straight."

The 1881 Westcott-Hort text is:
 * ουτος γαρ εστιν ο ρηθεις δια ησαιου του προφητου
 * λεγοντος φωνη βοωντος εν τη ερημω
 * ετοιμασατε την οδον κυριου ευθειας
 * ποιειτε τας τριβους αυτου

For a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 3:3.

Analysis
The quote in question comes from Isaiah 40:3. It originally was part of the description of the escape from the Babylonian Captivity. This same verse is quoted in Mark 1:3 and Luke 3:4. In Mark it is preceded by two other Old Testament quotes, Matthew moves these to 11:10. All three use the Septuagint version of Isaiah with one slight rewording. Where Isaiah has "make straight paths for God" becomes "make straight paths for him".

The author of Matthew does not introduce this quote with his standard "so it might be fulfilled" construction. Gundry argues that this was because while a figure like John the Baptist could complete a prophecy, only Jesus could fulfill them.

Hill notes that there are two main ways of punctuating this verse, which give somewhat different meanings. Traditionally the start of the quote was left as one phrase reading "the voice of one crying in the wilderness..." Based on the original Hebrew most modern scholars feel it should be two phrases reading "the voice of one crying: "In the wilderness..." This second punctuation makes the link between John the [Baptist] and Isaiah somewhat less direct.

Commentary from the Church Fathers
Augustine: The other Evangelists omit these words of John. What follows, This is He, &c. it is not clear whether the Evangelist speaks them in his own person, or whether they are part of John's preaching, and the whole from Repent ye, to Esaias the prophet, is to be assigned to John. It is of no importance that he says, This is he, and not, I am he; for Matthew speaking of himself says, He found a man sitting at the toll-office; (Mat. 9:9.) not He found me. Though when asked what he said of himself, he answered, as is related by John the Evangelist, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness.

Gregory the Great: It is well known that the Only-begotten Son is called the Word of the Father; as in John, In the beginning was the Word. (John 1:1.) But it is by our own speech that we are known; the voice sounds that the words may be heard. Thus John the forerunner of the Lord's coming is called, The voice, because by his ministry the voice of the Father is heard by men.

Pseudo-Chrysostom: The voice is a confused sound, discovering no secret of the heart, only signifying that he who utters it desires to say somewhat; it is the word that is the speech that openeth the mystery of the heart. Voice is common to men and other animals, word peculiar to man. John then is called the voice and not the word, because God did not discover His counsels through him, but only signified that He was about to do something among men; but afterwards by His Son he fully opened the mystery of his will.

Rabanus Maurus: He is rightly called, The voice of one crying, on account of the loud sound of his preaching. Three things cause a man to speak loud; when the person he speaks to is at a distance, or is deaf, or if the speaker be angry; and all these three were then found in the human race.

Glossa Ordinaria: John then is, as it were, the voice of the word crying. The word is heard by the voice, that is, Christ by John.

Bede: In like manner has He cried from the beginning through the voice of all who have spoken aught by inspiration. And yet is John only called, The voice; because that Word which others showed afar off, he declares as nigh.

Gregory the Great: Crying in the desert, because he shows to deserted and forlorn Judæa the approaching consolation of her Redeemer.

Saint Remigius: Though as far as historical fact is concerned, he chose the desert, to be removed from the crowds of people. What the purport of his cry was is insinuated, when he adds, Make ready the way of the Lord.

Pseudo-Chrysostom: As a great King going on a progress is preceded by couriers to cleanse what is foul, repair what is broken down; so John preceded the Lord to cleanse the human heart from the filth of sin, by the besom of repentance, and to gather by an ordinance of spiritual precepts those things which had been scattered abroad.

Gregory the Great: Every one who preacheth right faith and good works, prepares the Lord's way to the hearts of the hearers, and makes His paths straight, in cleansing the thoughts by the word of good preaching.

Glossa Ordinaria: Or, faith is the way by which the word reaches the heart; when the life is amended the paths are made straight.

title: Matthew 3:3


text: Category:Food manufacturers of Singapore


text:
Lena Philipsson

Maria Magdalena Philipsson (born 19 January 1966), known by her stage name Lena Philipsson, is a Swedish singer, songwriter and media personality. She represented Sweden in the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest, finishing fifth. As of 2024, Philipsson is the female lead vocalist of the Swedish duo Roxette.

Career
Philipsson was born in Vetlanda, Sweden. She participated in the Swedish New Faces in 1982. Her career started with the single Boy/You Open My Eyes in 1984 and with her entries at Melodifestivalen in 1986, 1987 and 1988. In 1987, she released the song 'Aquarius 99', a duet with the Russian composer Igor Nikolaev. In 1989, she had great success with the album My Name, which included top hits "Standing in My Rain", "Why," and "Leave a Light". In 1991, she recorded a concept album and show about a female secret agent, 'Agent 006'. In the early 1990s, her fame increased in Sweden, and she continued to release albums until 1997. In 2001, she had a stage comeback; the Lena Philipsson Show was sold out for two and a half years around Sweden. In 2004, she returned after a seven-year hiatus from the album charts.

In 2004, she entered Melodifestivalen for the fourth time as a solo artist, with "Det gör ont". She made it through the semifinal process and emerged as the winner on 20 March 2004, going on to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the translated English language version "It Hurts". The song, composed by Thomas Eriksson, combined up-tempo and disco themes. Philipsson's stage appearance caused much controversy in the Swedish press and media because her performance, in a short fuchsia pink dress and high heels, consisted of dancing with the microphone stand in a fashion similar to Aerosmith's Steven Tyler.

Despite being the third favourite to win the competition, she finished in joint 5th place. The album, Det gör ont en stund på natten men inget på dan, went gold in nine days, with "Det gör ont" as its lead single. It also spawned the singles "Delirium", "Lena Anthem" and "På gatan där jag bor".

The Swedish radio show Tracks voted her best female artist, best Swedish artist, and artist of the year for 2004, and "Det gör ont" was voted best song. She released her new album Jag ångrar ingenting in 2005. After one day in the Swedish shops, it had sold over 30,000 copies. A one-hour TV special featuring new songs as well as old hits and some interviews aired in November the same year. In January 2006, Philipsson announced she was to host the 2006 Melodifestivalen. Because Melodifestivalen is a family show, her appearance as host was met with some controversy due to numerous jokes considered inappropriate for the audience.

In early 2007, she released her new version of her greatest hits, "Lena 20 år". The album included hits from all her albums except "Fantasy." Also included was a new song "Jag måste skynda mig på". Lena and Orup set up their own show on China Teatern in Stockholm at the same time as the album release. The show was a critical and public success. Over 113,000 saw it in 2007, and there was a new premiere of the show in Gothenburg in early 2008. After its success in Stockholm and Gothenburg, the show Lena+Orup went on tour across Sweden late 2008. At the same time, Lena and Orup recorded a duet album called "Dubbel", released in November.

Although she sewed her own stage clothes during her early career, she has said that she no longer has the time. In the early 1990s, she was one of three pop stars who were portrayed on stamps in Sweden; the others were Roxette and Jerry Williams. In the 1980s, she sang a duet on TV with American singer Michael Bolton.

On 2 May 2024, Roxette founder Per Gessle announced Philipsson as the band's new female vocalist, replacing the late Marie Fredriksson. The band is scheduled to tour South Africa & Australia in February-March 2025.

Melodifestivalen
Philipsson has participated in Melodifestivalen, the Swedish pre-selection for the Eurovision Song Contest six times: four times as a performer and twice as a songwriter.

 * As a performer
 * 1986, Kärleken är evig (2nd) (Love is eternal)
 * 1987, Dansa i neon (5th) (Dancing in neon)
 * 1988, Om igen (2nd) (Yet again)
 * 2004, Det gör ont (Winner) (It hurts)
 * As a songwriter
 * 1991, Tvillingsjäl (performed by Pernilla Wahlgren) (Soulmate)
 * 1999, Det svär jag på (performed by Arvingarna) (I swear)

Studio albums
Chart placings below are from Sverigetopplistan, the official Swedish top 60 singles and top 60 albums charts.
 * 13 Lena Philippson albums, including one with Orup and two compilations, have reached the Swedish top 20.
 * 16 singles have reached the Swedish top 60 (11 top 20), including both Swedish and English versions of Det gör ont.
 * 2001 single Spell of Love reached #53
 * 2004 single It Hurts (English version of Det gor ont) reached #4
 * 2011 single Dancing in the Neon Light featuring Dead by April reached #50

Other albums

 * Boy (1987)
 * Hitlåtar med Lena Philipsson 1985–1987 (1988)
 * Lena Philipsson (1994)
 * Hennes bästa (1998)
 * Lena Philipsson Collection 1984–2001 (2001) – (reached #13 in the Swedish chart)
 * 100% Lena/20 hits (2002)
 * Lady Star (2006)
 * Lena 20 år (2007) – (reached #2 in the Swedish chart)

Singles

 * "Boy" / "You Open My Eyes" (As Lea, 1984)
 * "Kärleken är evig" / "Om kärleken är blind" (1986)
 * "Åh Amadeus" (1986)
 * "Jag känner" (1986)
 * "Dansa i neon" (1987)
 * "Cheerio" / "Det går väl an" (1987)
 * "Saknar dig innan du går" (1987)
 * "Den ende" (1987)
 * "I'm a Fool" / "Teach Me Tiger" (1987)
 * "Om igen" / "Vem skall sova över" (1988)
 * "Talking in Your Sleep" (1988)
 * "I varje spegel" / "Ain't it Just the Way" (1988)
 * "Tänd ett ljus" / "What Can I Do?" (1989)
 * "Standing in My Rain" / "Blue Jeans" (1989)
 * "Why (Så lätt kommer du inte undan)" / "strong man" (1989)
 * "Blue jeans/How does it feel" (1990)
 * "The Escape" (1991)
 * "006" / "Hard to Be a Lover" (1991)
 * "The Preacher" (1991)
 * "Are You in or are You Out" (1992)
 * "Fantasy" (As Lena Philipson, 1993)
 * "Give Me Your Love" (As Lena Philipson, 1993)
 * "Baby Baby Love" (As Lena Philipson,1993)
 * "Månsken i augusti" (As Lena Philipssson, 1994)
 * "Kärlek kommer med sommar" / "Vila hos mig" (1995)
 * "Stjärnorna" (1995)
 * "Moder Swea" / "Underbar" (1995)
 * "Bästa vänner" (1997)
 * "Tänk om jag aldrig mer" (1997)
 * "I Believe in Miracles" (2000) (radio)
 * "Fly Me Over the Rainbow" (2001) (radio)
 * "Spell of Love" / "Lady Star" (2001)
 * "Det gör ont" (2004)
 * "Delirium" (2004)
 * "Lena Anthem" (2004)
 * "På gatan där jag bor" (2005)
 * "Unga pojkar & äldre män" (2005)
 * "Han jobbar i affär" (2005)
 * "Jag ångrar ingenting" (2006)
 * "Det ringer på min dörr" (2006)
 * "Nu när du gått (with Orup)" (2008)
 * "Fem minuter i himlen (with Orup)" (2009)
 * "Dancing in the Neon Light (with Dead By April)" (2011)
 * "Idiot" (2011)
 * "Live Tomorrow" (2011)
 * ”Galen" (2018)
 * ”Maria Magdalena" (2019)
 * ”Du ljuger" (2019)
 * ”Du är aldrig ensam" (2019)
 * "Sällskapssjuk" (with Per Gessle (2024)

Other appearances

 * Schlagertimmen (1986)
 * Jacobs stege (1988) performing "Aquarius" with Igor Nikolayev
 * Melodifestival special (1999)
 * Barn 2000 (2000)
 * Schooldays (2000)
 * Livet är en schlager soundtrack (2000)
 * Kopparbärs-Rock Vol.5 (2001)
 * Melodifestivalen 2003 (as co-host) (2003) performing "Flickorna i Småland" with Charlotte Perrelli.
 * Melodifestivalen 2006 (as host) (2006)
 * Konstkuppen 2013 (as host) (2013)
 * Performing at Julgalan (2014)

Rocktaget 1991

Svensktoppen songs

 * Om kärleken är blind – 1986
 * Kärleken är evig – 1986
 * Åh Amadeus – 1986
 * Det går väl an – 1986
 * Dansa i neon – 1987
 * Saknar dej innan du går – 1987
 * Om igen – 1988
 * I varje spegel – 1988
 * Månsken i augusti – 1994
 * Stjärnorna – 1995
 * Det gör ont – 2004
 * Delirium – 2004
 * Lena Anthem – 2004–2005
 * På gatan där jag bor – 2004–2005
 * Unga pojkar & äldre män – 2005
 * Han jobbar i affär – 2005–2006
 * Jag ångrar ingenting – 2006
 * Nu när du gått – 2008 (with Orup)

Failing to enter the list

 * Bästa vänner – 1997
 * Det ringer på min dörr – 2006
 * Jag måste skynda mig på – 2007 (with Orup)

Songs on Radio P3 Tracks Top 20 Chart

 * Dansa i neon – 1987
 * I'm a Fool – 1988
 * Om igen – 1988
 * Talkin in Your Sleep – 1988
 * Tänd ett ljus – 1989
 * Standing in My Rain – 1989/1990
 * Why (så lätt kommer du inte undan) – 1990
 * The Escape – 1991
 * 006 – 1991
 * Are You in, or are You out – 1992
 * Fantasy – 1993
 * Månsken i augusti – 1994
 * Stjärnona – 1995
 * Det gör ont – 2004
 * Delirum – 2004
 * Lena Anthem – 2004
 * På gatan där jag bor – 2005
 * Unga pojkar & äldre män – 2005
 * Han jobbar i affär – 2005–2006
 * Jag ångrar ingenting – 2006

Just outside the list

 * Blue Jeans, 1989
 * Give Me Your Love, 1993
 * Spell of Love, 2001

title: Lena Philipsson


text:
Category:Fair trade

Articles relating to fair trade, an institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards. The movement focuses in particular on commodities, or products which are typically exported from developing countries to developed countries, but also consumed in domestic markets, most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, wine, sugar, fresh fruit, chocolate, flowers and gold.

title: Category:Fair trade