text:
Talk:Perilla (culinary)

Untitled
Would some Wikipedian please add photos of shiso so those of us new to it can identify it in Asian markets? I keep finding something very close to it here in San Diego California, in such markets; however, even though the English tags call it a 'basil' or a 'mint' the rest of the tags are in Thai, Vietnamese or Tagalog since these markets are geared mostly to people from SE Asia. Thanks.

species vs genus
This article is (was) about the species for which Perilla is also the common name. Rather than changing the article, how about moving it to Shiso and creating a new one for the genus? -- WormRunner | Talk 17:49, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It seems User:Ricardo Carneiro Pires has already made a Perilla frutescens article, which is a bit unfortunate since the interlanguage links are now split between the two articles. Most people will not realise there is a Japanese article on the subject. I suggest we either
 * insist that the culinary use article be considered the species article (which would either mean reverting Perilla frutescens to be a redirect toward Perilla, or moving the current content of Perilla to Perilla frutescens), or
 * we use interlanguage links indiscriminately if they only exist for either genus or species.
 * Wikipeditor 16:22, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Can skin contact with perilla cause dermatitis?
This here kibotext says there are Japanese pickled perilla buds/blossoms (as opposed to leaves or seed), and that leaves are called ohba (is this the article's aoba?). More interestingly, it says:

 * "I'm told cows won't eat wild perilla, and Asian workers who harvest perilla often get dermatitis from it."

Can anybody confirm this? – Wikipeditor 22:33, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I really doubt it. My mum recently picked a lot of perilla, but her hands are fine. You could say Korean perilla could might be different from Japanese perilla — a friend of mine who has lived in both Korea and Japan tells me they taste totally different — but I doubt it would be consumed in Japan if it can cause apparent health problems. --Kjoonlee 16:30, 9 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Right. If it irritated your hand, it would irritate your mouth as well. Besides, I notice the chemistry section already informs the reader about the bovine consumption issue. Wikipeditor 16:22, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Additional photo
I have an additional photo available, showing growth form. It is included here, feel free to add to the article if useful. --ChrisRuvolo (t) 15:23, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Species
I'm afraid we need the help of an expert to insert a list of species into the article:

The commercial vendor and the pop-up menu at  list many species,  lists "Perilla arguta; Perilla frutescens; Perilla fruticosa; Perilla nankinensis; Perilla ocimoides" and hort.purdue.edu says "[Apart from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, t]hree other Perilla species are recognized by some authorities, but the distinctions are ambiguous, and a taxonomic revision is needed." :( Wikipeditor 16:22, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Korea
I think there needs to be a source on "it is also known to cause disruption of lung and cancer". That's a pretty egregious claim

 * Agreed. I removed it pending a reference.  --ChrisRuvolo (t) 11:38, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Perilla oil is used in a lot of different dishes in Korea. Why specifically mention dog meat soup at the end of the section? This last part doesn't really go with the rest of the section either. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.118.132.202 (talk) 17:23, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

Hi, I think the english transliteration of "깻잎" is wrong. The transliteration is listed as "ggaennip" which would imply that there is an "ㄴ" (which is equivalent to the 'n' consonant) or two in the spelling, but there is not. I'm pretty sure the proper transliteration should be  'ggaetip" according to revised romanization, but it pronounced more like 'ggaesip' (where the 'si' makes a 'shi' sound in Korean).  173.66.22.6 (talk) 15:00, 5 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Please go ahead and make any changes you think appropriate. The Hangul was first presented in this article with kkaennip as the Romanization. It safe to say that most (but not all) people who have edited this article have little knowledge of Korean and aren't able to catch errors of this kind. If you know Korean, please fix it.Plantdrew (talk) 16:04, 5 June 2013 (UTC)

 * No, actually "kkaennip" is the correct Romanization that reflects the correct sound. In Korean, when a compound word is formed when the second word starts with /i/ (ㅣ) sound (or the /j/ semivowel), sometimes the /n/ sound is inserted in the middle.  (And confusingly it is sometimes denoted by the "ㅅ" character, as is the case here.)  E.g., 나뭇잎 namunnip, 앞니 (<- 앞 + 이) amni, 한여름 hannyeoreum (note that n became nn) or the 학여울 subway station in Seoul which is written as Hangnyeoul.  24.6.173.129 (talk) 21:55, 17 August 2013 (UTC)

Indonesia
This is completely different from kemangi, which is Lemon basil. I don't know if Perilla is common in Indonesia at all.

 * Agreed, I can't find any sources on the net asserting that selasih/kemangi is perilla, and I've never seen perilla in Indonesia (outside Japanese restaurants!). I've removed it. Jpatokal (talk) 04:47, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 11:41, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

AKA "sesame leaves"
I was reading a blog about Korean cooking (maangchi.com) where she refers to shiso in "kkaen nip jang ah jji" as "sesame leaves." At first I was confused, because I grow sesame as a midsummer cover crop in my garden, and sesame leaves look nothing like her pictures! So after a search, I learned kkaennip is actually shiso. Is the translation as "sesame leaves" common in the Korean community? If so, it could be listed with the other misnomers in the lead paragraph. 24.250.232.53 (talk) 05:54, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

Oops, disregard that comment, seeing as how I completely missed the whole paragraph on Korean usage. On the other hand, if it's that common, maybe it should be mentioned in the lead. 24.250.232.53 (talk) 05:57, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

On interwiki links
I'm sorting out interwiki links between this perilla-related articles across wikis: My bot's removals of some interwiki links[][] seem inappropriate at first, but the deleted links are about the genus Perilla -- they're about single species or subspeices belonging to Perilla, which makes them inequivalent to be linked each other. (Should've done it manually at the first time though.)
 * articles about genus Perilla
 * articles about species Perilla frutescens
 * articles about subspecies Perilla frutescens var. japonica known as 들깨(deulggae) in Korea and エゴマ(egoma) in Japan
 * articles about subspecies Perilla frutescens var. crispa known in Japan as シソ(shiso) and 소엽(soyeop) in Korea

--Puzzlet Chung (talk) 10:30, 23 May 2010 (UTC)

Retooled the page into an herbs & spices or food page
I retooled this page into "Perilla (herb & spices)" type page. That was mostly what is about anyway. Leave to others if name change is in order. Hopefully with this implemented change, contributors will revise the genus page, species page, or herb-related page as relevant, avoiding the mix up. I set up a Perilla (genus) page separately. The /*Chemistry*/ section as it existed from here to the Perilla (genus) page and documented the revision histories, and the one here was made slimmer(?), less techie. May eventually get around to improving shiso article, spun off as a stub--Kiyoweap (talk) 22:38, 1 April 2012 (UTC)

Wait... what? Merge(s) badly needed
There are now three separate pages – perilla, perilla frutescens, shiso – describing the exact same plant and attempts to branch off a variant as a separate page to itself. That's nuts.

At the very least this "herb" page needs to be merged back to the "herb" page shiso inasmuch as their purported content completely overlap (P. frutescens as used in cooking & medicine in an East Asian context). Then we can do arguments why that can't simply be a subsection of the main article on the plant itself. — LlywelynII  22:46, 12 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Being the one who spun off shiso as a separate article on what I think are legitimate enough grounds, I beg to differ with Mr. LlywelynII's hasty conclusion that the species and the shiso varieties (or subspecies, if you will) are "the exact same plant''. As explained in articles, P. frutescens encomapass two major varieties, the shiso and the oilseed variety. They go by different names in Japan and Korea. (An earlier Talk topic above mentions that two separate articles exist in these languages).

 * The two varieties are not interchangeable, because the distinct shiso aroma is not present in the "wild sesame" variety. If you lump them together, you may trick a reader into buying perilla from the Korean market, and try to make "shiso julep" out of it, which would be a disservice.

 * I think some people try to institute this one species one page rule, but it is not practicable to apply this homogeneous rule equally for a wildflower and a widely cutivated species alike. By the same token, you would be saying "Cucurbita pepo, Spaghetti squash, Acorn squash, zuchini" need badly to be merged, or Welsh Corgi and Irish setter are the same canine, they need to be merged. So I rest my case. Kiyoweap (talk) 10:23, 14 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Wow. This is a mess. I appreciate the need to distinguish between the leafy vegetable and the oilcrop (with the oilcrop also being used as a leafy vegetable, although apparently only in Korea). However, there really isn't all that much content at the 3 articles mentioned above, or perilla oil which is also relevant here. I see no reason why they couldn't all be merged into a longer Perilla frutescens (with appropriate mention of the fact that the oilseed variety is also used as a leafy vegetable in Korea). Barring a merge, titling is difficult. Shiso seems to be the best English title for the variety widely used as a vegetable. While Japanese makes a clear distinction between egoma and shiso, egoma is hardly used in English. Perilla oil covers the oilcrop, and seems to be the best name in English (more common on Google than "egoma oil" and on Google "shiso oil" seems to mostly refer to oils in which shiso leaf has been infused) but perilla oil doesn't cover the oilcrops use as a vegetable in Korea.  The title Perilla doesn't really do a good job of distinguishing the varieties at all, and is occupying what should be a straightforward title for the Perilla (genus) article.

 * As a botanist, it seems pretty clear to me that the oilcrop is Perilla frutescens var. frutescens and the vegetable is P. frutescens var. crispa. P. frutescens var. japonica is ambiguous. It should probably refer to the oilcrop, but is a name mostly ignored by botanists and widely used by chemists to ambiguously refer to (as far as I can tell from Google scholar) both the vegetable and oilcrop varieties. Due to the taxonomic confusion, I'd want to use extreme caution in assigning any reference or statement to separate articles on the the oilcrop, vegetable or species as a whole. For example, the Perilla article has an (unreferenced) section on Cultivation, but there's no way to tell what variety (or the species as a whole)it applies to.

 * Merge shiso, perilla and perilla oil into Perilla frutescens]. Move Perilla (genus to Perilla. If future expansions to the Perilla frutescens merit splitting articles, the widely used leafy vegetable should be at Shiso, the oilcrop should be at Perilla oil, and Korean use of the oilcrop as a vegetable should be mentioned on both the articles for Perilla frutscens and Perilla oil. Is that OK?Plantdrew (talk) 03:10, 26 September 2012 (UTC)

Another merge suggestion after four years
Four years ago, there were three pages related to "perilla", but now there are five.
 * Perilla (plant): genus Perilla
 * Perilla frutescens: species Perilla frutescens
 * Deulkkae subspecies P. frutescens var. frutescens
 * Shiso: subspecies P. frutescens var. crispa
 * Perilla: ???

I made the page for Korean perilla(deulkkae), which is indeed not the exact same plant as the Japanese perilla(shiso). So Perilla (plant) is a genus, Perilla frutescens is a species, and the two varieties of the species used in Korea and Japan are subspecies.

But what is perilla? For me, it seems like nothing but the umbrella term used for the two subspecies of Perilla frutescens. I suggest that perilla be merged into Perilla frutescens.

--Diospireiro (talk) 10:21, 30 November 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose that merger - Please see Talk:Perilla_(plant) where a different but related merger proposal is discussed. I do support merging the species page with the genus page, as per Naming_conventions_(flora). Sminthopsis84 (talk) 14:00, 30 November 2016 (UTC)
 * But is perilla "a" product? I don't think the kkaennip and shiso are considered "a" herb. In the case of coffee vs Coffea arabica, the former is a drink and the latter is a plant. But what product is a "perilla"? It can be shiso(which has a page dedicated to it), deulkkae seeds or kkaennip(which also have a page dedicated to them), perilla oil(which again has a page dedicated to it), etc. --Diospireiro (talk) 17:23, 30 November 2016 (UTC)
 * It seems to me that this article is really about the uses of perilla LEAF in various cultures (with a couple mentions of perilla oil which has its own article already). Maybe the genus and its only species should be at perilla, and (if there is really any need to have a separate article about the leaves as a product) this article should be at perilla leaf. Plantdrew (talk) 05:53, 1 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Support the move to "perilla leaf" - Though I was planning to add more paragraphs on the usage of perilla seed powder. I'll postpone the plan till the end of this merge/move discussion! The reason this article is mostly about the uses of perilla leaves might be that many people who contributed to this article are from Japan, where only the leaves are widely consumed. But moving this article to "perilla leaf" sounds like a good idea. At least it's less ambiguous. If this page becomes "perilla leaf", will the page perilla (disambiguation) become "perilla"? --Diospireiro (talk) 13:25, 1 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I'd prefer to see the genus article at the "perilla" title; I think it likely qualifies as the primary topic. Plantdrew (talk) 17:21, 1 December 2016 (UTC)

In my opinion, forcing different Perilla articles into a merged single article will be tricky, even daunting, to keep organized and readable.

Also, I dont think you can decisively argue the genus page should be Perilla. Therefore I support making Perilla a disambiguation article. That should eliminate much of the confusion due to multiple articles existing.

Perilla (plant) could be renamed Perilla (genus). It's pretty close to the typical "genus" article like theCoffea example that brought up.

Renaming Perilla → Perilla leaf seems tolerable a stop gap solution. But we eventually want something like Perilla (herbs & spices) since it isnt only the leaf, but seed as well, as user:Diospireiro noted. --Kiyoweap (talk)

 * If perilla becomes perilla leaf, I'm willing to make an article named perilla seed(which now redirects to "perilla"). Then there will be perilla oil, perilla leaf, and perilla seed for the culinary products. For me, having three separate articles on oil, leaf, and seed seems like a better option (compared to having one perilla (herbs & spices)) since we already have the perilla (disambiguation) page anyway. (Also I don't think Plantdrew "decisively argue"d that the genus page should be Perilla. Her/his words look like a suggestion to me, just like the other comments here do.) --Diospireiro (talk) 06:07, 2 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Support merge. Sorry, I think I got confused earlier, and I'm going to have to retract and correct my stance.
 * New articles such as Perilla leaf or Perilla seed should definitely not be created.
 * Those content should go to shiso or wild sesame (Deulkkae).
 * The firtst 4 of 5 articles in the hierarchy listed above is enough (genus, species, cultivar1, cultivar2 articles).
 * Perilla's contents need to be merged into the other 4, after which it can be the disambiguation article.--Kiyoweap (talk) 08:23, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

 * I didn't carefully read Diospireiro's initial posting, and convinced myself this was about merging everything. My bad. he said "perilla be merged into Perilla frutescens", and that I support. --Kiyoweap (talk) 08:33, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

 * I agree that the article "perilla leaf" will again be ambiguous. It will cover two (or possibly more) types of perilla leaves, and the paragraphs about the two types is very likely to be the duplicates of the "culinary use of the leaf" sections of deulkkae and shiso articles. The case of "perilla oil" is a bit different because it's made of var. frutescens only. I think the "perilla seeds" used in cooking are also of var. frutescens only. (Please correct me if I'm wrong.) Only the perilla leaf page will be ambiguous (among the existing and possible perilla product pages mentioned above). But if we do move "perilla" to "perilla leaf" we should keep either the perilla leaf page or the "culinary use of the leaf" sections of both var. frutescens and var. crispa simple. I'm okay with both of the options. --Diospireiro (talk) 14:04, 3 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Well, I wouldn't say Perilla seeds is P. frutecens only. Even though "shiso seeds only" aren't really used or marketed in Japanese cuisine that I'm aware of, "shiso berries" (shiso no mi) are common, and that's basically the seeds with the green husks still on them. --Kiyoweap (talk) 11:02, 5 December 2016 (UTC)

Perilla (genus) + Perilla frutescens (species) → Perilla frutescens (genus and species)
Reason: Wikipedia naming custom on monotypic genera
 * Suggested by:Plantdrew
 * It seems like no one disagrees on this merge. Let's get it done! --Diospireiro (talk) 14:04, 3 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Comment: Currently Perilla (genus) is a redirect page. If this means "Perilla (plant) + Perilla frutescens (species)", it's identical to the suggestion below.--Salatonbv (talk) 20:45, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

Perilla (plant) + Perilla frutescens (genus and species) → Perilla frutescens (genus and species)
Reason: The use of different perilla leaves as herb are better dealt in the articles deulkkae and shiso.
 * Suggested by: Salatonbv and Diospireiro.
 * Agreed by: Kiyoweap
 * Disagreed by: Sminthopsis84

Perilla (herb) → perilla leaf
Reason: This article seems to be about the use of different perilla leaves.
 * Suggested by: Plantdrew
 * Disagreed by: Kiyoweap
 * Other: Diospireiro is okay with it, though she likes the merge(plant + genus and species) better.
 * Comment: I suggested it, I think it's better to move the content here to other articles. Plantdrew (talk) 18:44, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Perilla (plant) was originally Perilla (genus) (when I worked on it in 2012) but it was renamed by somebody in 13 Sep 2014 (probably to distinguish from the Perilla genus of spider.)

 * In Talk:Perilla (plant), Sminthopsis84 pointed that the 2008 source that lists three wild species (P. citriodora, P. hirtella, and P. setoyensis) is old, since the two of these are synonyms of P. frutescens according to The Plant List (2012) maintained by Kew Gardens. But it states P. setoyensis as "unresolved".

 * And an online publication Marc J. C. Fischer et al. (2013), concedes on "P. frutescens var. hirtella" being a synonym, still refers to P. citriodora and P. setoyensis as species.

 * Yan Hu et al. (2010) while saying Perilla genus is monotypic, notes there are "unresolved controversies concerning the classification". So for WP:NPOV, I think it's better to keep the Perilla (genus) article, stating that a number of authorities consider this monotypic, that "wild species" are still mentioned in academic literature. --Kiyoweap (talk) 23:24, 5 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Support merge. The bulk of the information on this will be redundant, and eventually contradictory. Differences between varieties and various cultural uses will enrich the single article. :Kortoso (talk) 00:16, 13 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Perilla (culinary)


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Drink coaster

A coaster, drink coaster, beverage coaster, or beermat is an object used to rest drinks upon. Coasters protect the surface of a table, or any other surface where a user might place a cup, from condensation created by cold drinks. A coaster on top of a beverage can also be used to show that a drink is not finished or to prevent contamination (usually from insects). Coasters can also stop hot drinks from burning the table surface.

In a pub or bar, coasters are used to protect tables and bar surfaces. Coasters are typically made of paper, and sometimes are used to write on. Coasters are often branded with trademarks or alcohol advertising. Coasters are not to be confused with bar mats, which are larger pieces of rubber or absorbent material that are used to protect countertops or floors and to limit the spread of spilled drinks.

History
The first coasters were designed for decanters or wine bottles so that they could be slid (or "coasted") around the dinner table after the servants had retired. They were in common use after about 1760. Early coasters took the form of a shallow tray or dish made of wood, papier-mâché, silver, or silver plate.

In 1880, a German printing company, Friedrich Horn, introduced the first coaster made of cardboard. In 1892, Robert Sputh of Dresden manufactured the first coaster made of wood pulp. Watney's brewery introduced them to the United Kingdom in 1920 to advertise their pale ale. The packaging company Quarmby Promotions, established in 1872, began manufacturing coasters in Milnsbridge in 1931. After Quarmby Promotions was taken over by the Katz Group, it moved production to Brighouse and in 2006 to Morley, West Yorkshire, before closing its production in 2009.

Saucers are also long used in western culture for much the same purpose. When drinking tea, it is customary to use a cup and saucer set. By the mid-twentieth century, drink coasters made in many materials and styles were manufactured for domestic use. Today, they are common as everyday houseware pieces and are also used in restaurants.

Manufacturing
Coasters are often made from high grammage paperboard but may also be made from several layers of tissue paper. Drink coasters are also sometimes made from soapstone, metal, wood, and silicone. Important parameters for coasters are water absorbency, wet rub, and printability.

Some drink coasters are made to be recycled.

Coaster imprints
Coasters are usually adorned with a customized image, usually mentioning or advertising a brand of beer. However, they can also promote a drinking establishment, sports franchise, businesses, or special events.

Tegestology
Some coasters are collectible items. Tegestology is a term coined from Latin (teges "covering" or "mat", and etis) defined as the practice of collecting coasters, with practitioners known as tegestologists. A 1960 British Pathé News short shows comedy duo Morecambe and Wise as tegestologists.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Drink coaster


text:
Ixelles Cemetery

Ixelles Cemetery (Cimetière d'Ixelles, ; Begraafplaats van Elsene), located in Ixelles in the southern part of Brussels, is one of the major cemeteries in Belgium. Ixelles Cemetery also refers to a neighbourhood with a lot of bars and restaurants for students, north of the actual cemetery. It is in fact located between the two main campuses (Solbosch and La Plaine) of the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB).

Notable interments
Personalities buried there include:
 * Luigi Bigiarelli (1876–1908), athlete, founder of the S.S. Lazio
 * Anna Boch (1848–1936), painter
 * Jules Bordet (1870–1961), Nobel Prize in medicine
 * Georges Boulanger (1837–1891), French Minister of War and exile in Belgium, who committed suicide there
 * Victor Bourgeois (1897–1962), architect and urban planner
 * Marcel Broodthaers (1924–1976), artist
 * Fernand Brouez (1861–1900), editor of La Société Nouvelle
 * Charles De Coster (1827–1879), novelist
 * Neel Doff (1858–1942), artists' model and writer
 * Jean Isaac Effront (1856–1931), inventor
 * Antonio Oladeinde Fernandez (1936–2015), Nigerian diplomat and business tycoon
 * Édouard Louis Geerts (1846–1889), sculptor, whose tomb was designed by the architect Victor Horta and the sculptor Charles van der Stappen
 * Lucette Heuseux (1913–2010), painter
 * Victor Horta (1861–1947), architect
 * Louis Hymans (1829–1884), journalist and politician
 * Paul Hymans (1865–1941), statesman
 * Joseph Jacquet (1857–1917), army general during World War I
 * Sylvain de Jong (1868–1928, maker of the luxury Minerva automobile
 * Frédéric de La Hault (1860–1903), developed an 1885 motorised tricycle
 * Camille Lemonnier (1844–1913), writer
 * Constantin Meunier (1831–1905), painter and sculptor
 * Jean-Baptiste Moëns (1833–1908), philatelist
 * Frederic Neuhaus (1846–1912), pharmacist, inventor of chocolate pralines
 * Paul Saintenoy (1862–1952), architect
 * Jacques Saintenoy (1845–1947), architect
 * Ernest Solvay (1838–1922), chemist and industrialist, tomb designed by Victor Horta
 * Carl Sternheim (1878–1942), German writer
 * Marc Van Bever (1974–2010), film producer
 * Joseph Wieniawski (1837–1912), composer
 * Antoine Wiertz (1806–1865), painter
 * Eugène Ysaÿe (1858–1931), violinist

War graves

In the Field of Honour in Block A are buried First World War soldiers from Belgium, France, Italy, Russia and Great Britain (twelve identified soldiers), who died mainly as prisoners of war.

title: Ixelles Cemetery


text:
Bass-ment Cuts

Bass-ment Cuts is a 1991 EP by the Inner City Posse.

Production
"Intro" contains samples of "Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys)". In it, the group mentions that the album contains many beats from other songs popular of the era. The song "Set It Off" contains a diss to N.W.A after the departure of Ice Cube, comparing them to Barry Manilow.

The entire album was recorded on a karaoke machine bought for Violent J by his then-girlfriend.

Release
Bass-ment Cuts was sold first hand by Inner City Posse, their friend Rudy Hill and his cousins, and Bruce's then-girlfriend Karen. Due to the success Rudy had selling the cassettes in Southwest side of Detroit, where the group had its most sales, Inner City Posse decided to call their label Rude Time Records. The group soon reached out to record store owner Alex Abbiss to sell their cassettes in his store Hot Hits. After the success of their sales on the street and with Alex, the group decided to pursue rapping as their professional career, teaming with Alex to create the record company Psychopathic Records.

In 2001, the album was re-released on CD at the Gathering of the Juggalos 2001.

Tracks

 * 1) "Intro" - 1:02
 * 2) "Set It Off" - 3:57
 * 3) "Lock Down" - 1:06
 * 4) "Bitches" - 4:24
 * 5) "Insain Like" - 3:40
 * 6) "Play That Hoe" - 3:45
 * 7) "Ghetto Style" - 1:33
 * 8) "The I.C.P." - 2:10

title: Bass-ment Cuts


text: User talk:69.81.20.145

title: User talk:69.81.20.145


text:
Richland Township, Logan County, Ohio

Richland Township is one of the seventeen townships of Logan County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,645.

Geography
Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships:
 * McDonald Township, Hardin County - north
 * Taylor Creek Township, Hardin County - northeast
 * Rushcreek Township - east
 * McArthur Township - south
 * Washington Township - southwest
 * Stokes Township - west
 * Roundhead Township, Hardin County - northwest

The village of Belle Center is located in northern Richland Township, and the unincorporated community of Northwood lies in the township's southeast, along the border with McArthur Township.

The eastern part of Indian Lake is located in western Richland Township.

Name and history
Richland Township was organized in 1844. It is one of twelve Richland Townships statewide.

Government
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

Transportation
Important highways in Richland Township include State Routes 117, 235, 273, 366, and 368.

The township is the location of the Bickham Covered Bridge, which carries County Road 38 over the South Fork of the Miami River. Built in 1877 and refurbished in 1959, it employs the Howe truss design. The bridge's length is 94 ft.

title: Richland Township, Logan County, Ohio


text: User talk:81.153.179.121

title: User talk:81.153.179.121


text:
Culture of Guernsey

The culture of Guernsey in the Bailiwick of Guernsey is a culture which has been shaped by its indigenous Norman language and traditions as well as French (especially Norman) and British (especially English) cultural influences. Cultural trends from immigrant communities such as the Portuguese have also been added.

Symbols
The national animals of the island of Guernsey are the donkey and the Guernsey cow. The traditional explanation for the donkey (âne in French and Guernésiais) is the steepness of St Peter Port streets that necessitated beasts of burden for transport (in contrast to the flat terrain of the rival capital of Saint Helier in Jersey), although it is also used in reference to Guernsey inhabitants' stubbornness who boast that they are "stubborn as a mule, with a kick like a horse!"

The Guernsey cow is a more internationally famous icon of the island. As well as being prized for its rich creamy milk, which is claimed by some to hold health benefits over milk from other breeds, Guernsey cattle are increasingly being raised for their beef, which has a distinctive flavour and rich yellow fat. Although the number of individual islanders raising these cattle for private supply has diminished significantly since the 1960s, Guernsey steers can still be occasionally seen grazing on L'Ancresse common.

There is also a breed of goat known as the Golden Guernsey, which is distinguished by its golden-coloured coat At the end of World War II, the Golden Guernsey was almost extinct, due to interbreeding with other varieties on the island. The resurrection of this breed is largely credited to the work of a single woman, Miss Miriam Milbourne. Although no longer considered in a 'critical' status, the breed remains on the "Watch List" of the Rare Breeds Survival Trust.

Guernsey people are traditionally nicknamed donkeys or ânes, especially by Jersey people (who in turn are nicknamed crapauds - toads). Inhabitants of each of the parishes of Guernsey also have traditional nicknames, although these have generally dropped out of use among the English-speaking population.

The so-called Guernsey lily, Nerine sarniensis (Sarnia is the traditional name of the island of Guernsey in Latin), is also used as a symbol of the island.

"Sarnia Cherie" is used as the anthem of Guernsey when a distinguishing anthem is required.

Liberation Day on 9 May is the occasion of large celebrations every year to mark the end of the German occupation in 1945.

Gastronomy
Dishes traditional in Guernsey cuisine are the Guernsey gâche, a rich fruit bread; gâche mêlaïe, apple pudding; "bean jar", a type of cassoulet of pork and beans; and conger soup.

A local delicacy is the ormer (Haliotis tuberculata), à ce variety of abalone harvested from the beach at low spring tides. Other seafood such as spider crabs, mussels, and lobster are popular.

Language
English is the only language spoken by a majority of the population, while Guernésiais, the Norman language of the island, is currently spoken fluently by 2% of the population (according to 2001 census). However, 14% of the population claim some understanding of the language and it is taught in a few Island schools. Until the early twentieth century French was the only official language. Family and place names reflect this linguistic heritage such as the word "hougue" from the Norse meaning hill and "vraic" being a type of seaweed. The island's loss of the language reflects a significant anglicisation of its culture and mindset, partly brought on by a large number of tax exiles from England. Portuguese is taught in a few schools and is spoken by around 2% of the population.

Literature

Victor Hugo wrote some of his best-known works while in exile in Guernsey, including Les Misérables. His home in St Peter Port, Hauteville House, is now a museum administered by the city of Paris. In 1866, he published a novel set in the island, Travailleurs de la Mer (Toilers of the Sea), which he dedicated to the island of Guernsey.

The best-known novel by a Guernseyman is The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, by GB Edwards which, in addition to being a critically acclaimed work of literature, contained insights into life in Guernsey during the twentieth century.

George Métivier, often considered the island's national poet, wrote in Guernésiais. Other important Guernésiais writers are Denys Corbet, Tam Lenfestey, T. H. Mahy and Marjorie Ozanne.

Local measurements

 * Land area
 * In Guernsey is a vergée (Guernésiais: vergie) is 17,640 square feet (1,639 m2). It is 40 (square) Guernsey perches.
 * A Guernsey perch (also spelt perque) is 21 feet by 21 feet.
 * Money
 * Between 1830 and 1956, Guernsey's four coin denominations, 1, 2, 4 and 8 doubles. The double was worth 1/80 of a French franc. 8 double was a Guernsey penny.
 * 12 Guernsey Pennies made a Guernsey shilling (not the same as an English shilling)
 * 20 Guernsey Shillings made a Guernsey Pound (not the same as an English pound)
 * In 1848, an ordinance was passed that the pound sterling should be legal tender at a value of Guernsey £1 1s 3d (2040 doubles).
 * In 1870, British coins were made legal tender, with the British shilling circulating at 12½ Guernsey pence.
 * In 1914, new banknotes appeared, some of which carried denominations in Guernsey shillings and francs.
 * After 1921 it was decided to adopt 8 doubles=1 penny, 1 penny being the same as an English penny.
 * Weights
 * The Guernsey Pound was 2 ounces heavier than an English Pound

Media
Two radio stations, BBC Guernsey and Island FM, serve Guernsey.

Guernsey together with the other Channel Islands has ITV Channel Television, an ITV regional franchise. A lot of the content of ITV Channel TV is from/based on Jersey. It produces a daily news programme ITV News Channel TV. From the point of view of television coverage, the BBC has always treated the islands as an extension of their South West England region, relaying programmes from Plymouth to the islands. (The BBC does now broadcast an opt-out of the regional news bulletin, Spotlight, for the Channel Islands.) This posed a problem to the Independent Television Authority as, constitutionally, the Television Act 1954 did not apply to the islands, so the ITA's ability to operate there had to be permitted by means of extending the Act to the islands by means of an Order in Council. Due to a technicality that prevented the Channel Islands from receiving colour television, Channel could only broadcast in black and white until 1976. Due to the proximity to France, French television is fairly easily received as well.

The Guernsey Press and Star is the daily newspaper.

Music
The Reformation brought Calvinism to the islands and the later strong influence of Methodism suppressed dancing and secular music. A number of traditional songs and dances have been recorded, and some gentrified dances were collected in the 19th century in Guernsey. "La Bébée" ("the Baby Polka" or "Klatschtanz") is a 19th-century novelty dance which also remains popular with costumed folklore groups in various parts of Europe. Some traditional folk songs such as Jean, Gros Jean and J'ai perdu ma faumme have survived. Groups such as La Guaine du Vouêt and Les Dànsaeurs dé L'Assembllaïe D'Guernésiais perform at events such as Lé Viaer Marchi.

According to Edith Carey (1903), the traditional chifournie had disappeared from Guernsey by the mid-nineteenth century.

John Ireland settled for a time in Guernsey.

Recently, Guernsey has hosted a live music event called Guernsey Live. This music festival has been one of the biggest events in the Channel Islands and sister festival of Jersey Live.

The Music Service in Guernsey is renowned for its high quality of teaching and the effects of this can be seen in the standard of performance of many young people in the island.

Sport
Guernsey participates in its own right in the Commonwealth Games.

Guernsey participates in the Island Games, which it hosted in 2003 and 2023. In sporting events in which Guernsey does not have international representation, when the British Home Nations are competing separately, islanders that do have high athletic skill may choose to compete for any of the Home Nations - there are, however, restrictions on subsequent transfers to represent another Home Nation. The football player Matt Le Tissier for example, tried out for the Scotland national football team but ended up playing for England.

The island's traditional colour (e.g. for sporting events) is green. The Corbet Football Field donated by Jurat Wilfred Corbet OBE in 1932 has fostered the sport greatly over the years. The annual Muratti match, inaugurated in 1905, between the Channel Islands gives an airing to the traditional rivalry between the Guernsey national football team and Jersey. Similarly the Siam Cup has been fought over by Rugby teams since 1920.

Both Guernsey F.C. and Guernsey RFC compete in England leagues. Women's rugby and football also compete in English leagues.

The Guernsey Cricket Board is an affiliate member by the International Cricket Council (ICC). and the Guernsey cricket team competes in world cricket.

title: Culture of Guernsey


text:
Talk:Trichromacy

This Page Is Lying About Human Vision
Men only have one, or two cones, not three, from only having one X chromosome (which only gives one, or two cones). So, how is it normal for humans to be trichromatic? Normal human vision is from TWO cones, not three, for both genders. To be either trichromatic, or tetrachromatic requires having two X chromosomes that carry different cone DNA from eachother, resulting in three, or four different cones instead of the usual two. Even most women do not have trichromacy, let alone tetrachromacy. Yet, someone is claiming on this page that normal human vision is trichromacy. Someone needsto do proper research, restricting it to modern science, ignoring random bloggers and other unqualified sources, and redo the page. --97.124.90.125 (talk) 18:31, 15 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Just to be clear on this, are you claiming that humans are not trichromats? Andy Dingley (talk) 19:02, 15 November 2017 (UTC)

Color response plot misleading
I believe this plot is misleading in two ways:

First, it claims to be adapted from [http://psy2.ucsd.edu/~dmacleod/publications/61StockmanMacLeodJohnson1993.pdf Stockman et al. Vol. 10, No. 12/December 1993/J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2491]). However, it would appear the adaptation was not sufficiently careful, as it missed the UV behavior, see figure 12 in above reference.

Second, and more importantly, it does not accurately reflect reality, and fails to account for the following phenomena: We know the shortest wavelength on the rainbow appears purple, as does and equal combination of red + blue (RGB 128,0,128). This is inconsistent with the above plot.

Instead, see discussion on StackExchange. The correct plot should be http://i.stack.imgur.com/z3dtf.png, which is referenced to [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013097/pdf Bowmaker, J.K., & Dartnall, H.J.A. Visual pigments of rods and cones in a human retina. Journal of Physiology, 298, 1980, 501-511] figure 2, as it allows us to understand how an RGB-based screen can generate a color which appears as purple. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Shai mach (talk • contribs) 08:54, 6 December 2015 (UTC)

Untitled
It seems as though there should be a single article on 'chromacy' or something like that, and that trichromat, tetrachromat, and dichromat should be stubs linking to it.
 * Color vision. However, that article would get quite unwieldly if everything from the five -chromat articles were shoved into it. On my "to do once my DSL is back" list is refactoring this series of articles. IceKarmaॐ 17:04, 2005 Jun 6 (UTC)
 * I agree with IceKarma. Besides, the word "chromacy" barely exists whereas trichromacy etc are in common use - so we'd end up with an unhealthy mass of redirects.  seglea 23:29, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The definition "A trichromat is an organism for which the perceptual effect of any arbitrarily chosen light from its visible spectrum can be matched by a mixture of no more than three different pure spectral lights" is patently incorrect.

If that were in fact the case, an RGB color space would be capable of representing all colors humans can perceive -- and this is well-known to be impossible. "Trichromat" refers to the fact that we have three different color receptors, not to the (incorrect) belief that our entire range of color vision can be duplicated with three primaries. The reason for the mismatch is that there is significant overlap in the sensitivities of our color receptors, so that for example the "green" primary color we use in imaging also significantly stimulates the red color receptor. To represent all colors using exactly three wavelengths of light, you would have to find three wavelengths which stimulate one and only one kind of color receptor -- and, at least in human color vision, they don't exist. Egomaniac 06:58, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I've gone back added a factual accuracy warning regarding this issue.Egomaniac 17:45, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

Opening sentence
What does that really mean? It doesn't seem to make much sense to a layman like me. And all the -chromat articles use a copy of it. 205.157.110.11 02:14, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Merge
Could this article merge from Trichromatic color vision? They seem to cover the same topic from different perspectives. --Quiddity 03:57, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, they should be. Both are too short, anyway. Mr. Toad 01:41, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Yep. go ahead and merge them :).  --jacobolus (t) 11:13, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

I concur. Anyone up for it? Dicklyon 00:06, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

I think maybe this article should also be merged with Young–Helmholtz theory. Don't have time now, but might be able to later.. Mmhrmhrm (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 13:33, 30 August 2012 (UTC)

Male monkeys
From the article: "Humans and other closely related primates are usually trichromats, as are female New World monkeys" (emp. added)

I find this statement intriguing. Is there more information as to why it is only the females? What are the males (dichromats, I assume)? - This particular article is probably not the place for this information, but it would be good to have a link/cross reference to another article discussing it. -- 128.104.112.147 (talk) 18:51, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

Old refs
I moved some refs to an appropriate place, based on my inference from this edit. Dicklyon (talk) 02:36, 2 December 2008 (UTC)

one million?
''(1) Thus, interactions between at least two types of cone is necessary to produce the ability to perceive color. With at least two types of cones, the brain can compare the signals from each type and determine both the intensity and color of the light''.

(2) It is estimated that each of the three cone types in the human retina can pick up about 100 different gradations, and that the brain can combine those variations such that the average human can distinguish about one million different colors.

Well, 100*100*100 = one million. But (1) indicates, that brains are interested in difference of cones, not the cones themselves. If there are two comparison signals (from cones to brains), S-M and M-L, then that calculation doesn't match. Thus, what is the truth? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tie don port aat (talk • contribs) 14:41, 6 January 2011 (UTC)

I think some undocumented information here is wrong
I believe this statement is wrong: "Since the likelihood of response of a given cone varies not only with the wavelength of the light that hits it but also with its intensity, the brain would not be able to discriminate different colors if it had input from only one type of cone. Thus, interaction between at least two types of cone is necessary to produce the ability to perceive color." If that were the case, then lasers lasers should only have color if they excite more than one kind of cone. This might be true for those that are red, yellow, or green, and even some that are greenish blue. But the lasers that have short wavelength blue light should appear not to be blue. ghh 16:25, 29 June 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by George H. Harvey (talk • contribs)

Making Changes
Hey all, I'll be starting to make some major editing changes and adding information to this article. My proposed changes will be documented here, so feel free to provide some input as I go along. Pcoutu (talk) 16:11, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.uq.edu.au/~uqnhart/Arrese_marsupials.pdf

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Thomas Young on Color Vision
The article states that Thomas Young was the first to propose the existence of three different color-sensitive retinal cells, but another Wikipedia article (Cell theory) states that cell theory was not formulated until 1839, 10 years after Thomas Young's death. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.95.49.160 (talk) 20:47, 4 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trichromacy