text:
User talk:Jgladding

Image copyright problem with Image:GuyWestBridge.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:GuyWestBridge.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 06:50, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

Kappa Sigma, Nu Lambda Chapter
Please do not remove speedy deletion tags from articles, as you did with Kappa Sigma, Nu Lambda Chapter. If you do not believe the article deserves to be deleted, then please place on the page and make your case on the article's talk page. Administrators will look at your reasoning before deciding what to do with the article. Thank you. Leuko 21:08, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

 * apologies, I wasn't sure how to handle it - I thought I read that was what we were supposed to do. I deleted it and left to do something. By the time I came back the article was already gone. Please restore it so we can discuss further. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Jgladding (talk • contribs).

 * Please see my response here. Leuko 21:58, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

More time?
I don't understand why you object to the article being deleted too soon. Isn't it better to remove it quickly before anyone's put too much work in it? By long precedant, individual chapters of organizations like this don't get articles, and this particular article was a shining example of why this precedent exists. This is an encyclopedia, whereas you are apparently looking for a group yearbook. If you want to record your chapter's history, great, go ahead, but Wikipedia is not the place for it. Friday (talk) 14:47, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Greek Row
I've added the "prod" template to the article Greek Row, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've indicated in the deletion notice (see also What Wikipedia is not and Notability). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree, discuss the issue at Talk:Greek Row. If you remove the dated prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it will probably still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Addhoc 13:48, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Jasonwilliams.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Jasonwilliams.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

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main page title
I heard a rumor that your wondering how to remove the main page title on a personal wiki. Anyways, Wikipedia (along with a bunch of other wikimedia prjects) do it through javascript in Mediawiki:Common.js. Anyways the line you need (I'm pulling this from n:Mediawiki:monobook.js as i'm more familiar with it over there) is //BEGIN remove Main Page title

var mpTitle = "Main Page"; var isMainPage = (/(title=|\/wiki\/)([Tt]alk:|)[Mm]ain[ _][Pp]age/.test(document.location)); var isMainPageFront = (document.title.substr(0, document.title.lastIndexOf(" - ")) == mpTitle); var isDiff = (document.location.search && (document.location.search.indexOf("diff=") != -1 || document.location.search.indexOf("oldid=") != -1));

if (isMainPage && isMainPageFront && !isDiff) { document.write('/*<![CDATA[*/ #lastmod, #siteSub, #contentSub, h1.firstHeading { display: none !important; } /*]]>*/ '); }

//END remove Main Page title Add that to the end of your wiki's Mediawiki:monobook.js (or perhaps Mediawiki:common.js) and it should get rid of it. If you just want to get rid of it for you, add it to /wiki/special:mypage/monobook.js

hope that helps. Bawolff 01:37, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * P.S. that only works for js browsers (virtually every modern/semi-modern browser except for text browsers like lynx, however it almost always is better with a title in lynx anyways, so thats not really an issue. Some users also turn off java-script, so they would still see the title). Bawolff 01:40, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * your welcome, glad I could help. If you have any other questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. (in future, its probably not a good idea to ask on Talk:Main Page as that's actually the wrong place for this type of thing. technically right place would proablly be at the village pump under technical (potntially, not sure about that) or on the mediawiki mailing list/#mediawiki irc channel (on irc.freenode.net) or somewhere in mediawiki wiki) Bawolff 06:09, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * yes, well around here (wikinews) its a lot simpler. On wikipedia its complex due to the extreme amount of people there. they have to have lots of rules, or stuff would become over-run. Bawolff 09:00, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Template:California State University
Hi. I noticed you took out the line beaks and added bullet points in the new template design and was wondering why. Were the lists not rendering correctly at your screen resolution or something? --Dynaflow 23:19, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

 * you are correct, sir! It was breaking at all the wrong points. I was on IE7 at the time.

 * You must have your screen resolution set to 800x600 or something like that. I put the breaks back in, but in different spots.  Take a look at it again and see if it's still screwing up.  Also, if you could, see if Template:San Diego State University is doing the same thing.  Thanks.   --Dynaflow  07:21, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Looks great now. :)

 * Coolness. Thanks.   --Dynaflow  18:15, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

Hello again. I noticed you changed some more of the coding for the template, and I am wondering if the template was displaying wrong again, or if the change was just a matter of taste, or what? In the future, you may want to leave an edit summary so that editors who come after you can tell why you made a particular change without having to come directly to you each time and ask. This is especially important when editing templates, as they are displayed on many, many pages and must render correctly in each one. Also, since my templates are non-standard ones I made from modifying a couple of original designs I built from scratch, a display problem with one template may indicate a problem with many others (Template:California State University, for example, shares a lot of elements "under the hood" with Template:University of California, Berkeley, not to mention the design similarities with direct derivations like Template:University of Hawaii). In any case, let me know what the problem was and how the change you made fixed it so I can see if the same issue exists on my other navboxes. Thanks. --Dynaflow  babble  21:16, 21 May 2007 (UTC)
 * [Addendum:] If the change you made was due to a display problem, would you mind telling me what operating-system/browser/screen-resolution combination you're using?  --Dynaflow   babble  21:38, 21 May 2007 (UTC)
 * The font was getting "chopped" at the top, I just fixed to a more html friendly code. I am using IE6. The U of Hawaii one has the same problem.
 * "Chopped" how? Like, the letters are overflowing the background field or something?  Assuming you're using Windows XP or 2000, right click your desktop, go to "Properties," and check what your screen resolution is.  It should be in the last tab in the menu box, if I remember correctly.  I'm curious what's causing this, and I don't have a Windows machine handy to duplicate it.   --Dynaflow   babble  22:08, 21 May 2007 (UTC)
 * send me your email and I will send a screenshot.
 * Emailing users.  --Dynaflow   babble  23:11, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Template:Sacramento Valley Sports
See my post in the talk for the template. Tuyvan 20:06, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Jimmy buffett.jpg)
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Unspecified source for Image:1984allstargame.gif
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Unspecified source for Image:2007allstargame.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:2007allstargame.gif. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

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Orphaned non-free media (Image:CAUSEWAY50a.gif)
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Fair use disputed for Image:Rochesterroyals.gif
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Kc-omaha-kings.gif
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Miramontehs.gif
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Cake edits
My apologies -- I didn't see that part of your edit, but merely the extraneous text (probably erroneously) left in front of the section headline that killed the headline. In reverting to remove that error, I missed the other part of the edit. I'll add that part back in -- thanks for pointing it out! :) Ashdog137 16:36, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

Image:BOLOGNABOWL-big.gif listed for deletion
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Please consider removal of the Telegram Image from the article on Telex
I was about to remove the image that is not, in my opinion, relavant to Telex.

However, I wanted to hear your reason for the addition. Can you please explain?

I worked in Telex, with Western Union, for a number of years and can state that the Telegram service (POO) and Telex were not related. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wa3frp (talk • contribs) 03:01, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

Unspecified source/license for Image:WesternunionTelegram.jpg
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:SAC 20.gif)
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:TBRowdies.gif)
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File copyright problem with File:WesternunionTelegram.jpg
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File source problem with File:Prairie-City-Overlay.png
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Kappa Sigma and the Italian Order
Please see Talk:Kappa Sigma. The inclusion of that information has been discussed and the information is considered to be well referenced (both to the 1898 Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities) and early issues of the Caduceus. If you have any information that has not been covered, please start a new discussion on the talk page.Naraht (talk) 15:59, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

July 2017
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to blank out or remove portions of page content, templates, or other materials from Wikipedia without adequate explanation, as you did at Kappa Sigma, you may be blocked from editing. ''You e been told about this before. Please stop deleting it.'' Doug Weller  talk 21:06, 6 July 2017 (UTC)

Concern regarding Draft:Cerro Gordo, California
Hello, Jgladding. This is a bot-delivered message letting you know that Draft:Cerro Gordo, California, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 5 months. Drafts that have not been edited for six months may be deleted, so if you wish to retain the page, please edit it again or request that it be moved to your userspace.

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title: User talk:Jgladding


text:
Talk:Imperial Court System

Untitled
We need to clarify that in this context 'court' refers to what surrounds a monarch (e.g. the court of King Henry VIII) and not a 'court of law' like the US Supreme Court. Also that this court seems to be much like an elaborate costume ball (or like the royal courts of the SCA) and has no legal authority.

User:164.109.144.90

 * You are correct in that this "court" is the type surrounded by a monarch...in this case an Emperor and/or Empress. You might also say that we hold "costume balls". User: RJFJR

 * Just a note: please sign your posts using four tildes, like this: ~ . Thanks.  Exploding Boy 23:08, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

I added a photo at Donna Sachet, since this article doesn't have any images maybe it would work here if someone wants to add one.Burning Sacramento (talk) 00:47, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Title dispute
There's a box on the page, but no corresponding discussion here. The box seems to have been added by an IP address, with the only explanation the edit summary "(It reads more like an add)". Does anyone want to say a reason why the title might be considered non-neutral, or should the box be dropped? Sonata Green (talk) 15:01, 12 June 2017 (UTC)
 * As no discussion has been started on the tag, I will remove it. Jim1138 (talk) 04:50, 2 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Imperial Court System


text:
Nathaniel Isaacs

Nathaniel Isaacs (1808–1872) was an English adventurer who played a part in the history of Natal, South Africa. He wrote a memoir spread over two volumes (whose accuracy is now disputed) called Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa (1836). This book subsequently became one of the principal sources quoted by writers of the history of Natal, including Morris (The Washing of the Spears: The Rise and Fall of the Zulu Nation), Ritter (Shaka Zulu: The Rise of the Zulu Empire) and Bulpin (Natal and the Zulu Country).

Early life
Isaacs was born in Canterbury, England, into a Jewish family. His father was a merchant and resident of Chatham and his mother was Lenie Solomon, daughter of Nathaniel Solomon of Margate and Phoebe Mitz who came from the Netherlands. After his father died in 1822, he joined his maternal uncle, Saul Solomon Sr., a merchant based on the island of St. Helena. His cousin, Saul Solomon Jr., was an influential liberal politician of the Cape Colony. In June 1825 he persuaded his uncle to allow him to accompany Lieutenant King, captain of the brig The Mary to South Africa in the capacity of the captain's "companion". After the brig had discharged its cargoes in Cape Town, King sailed for Port Natal to search for the adventurers Francis Farewell, an East India merchant, and Francis Fynn, a physician, from whom nothing had been heard for eighteen months.

Stranded in Natal
Leaving Cape Town on 26 August 1825, The Mary the party made several stops along the Southern African coast, anchoring off Port Natal on 1 October. On entry to the port, The Mary foundered when she struck a sandbank.

On reaching shore, the party found Farewell's camp, but Farewell and his party were on a hunting expedition. Once Farewell returned, Isaacs accompanied King on a courtesy visit to Dingane, brother of the Zulu king Shaka. Once Shaka heard of King's arrival, King and his entire party were summoned to his kraal.

Isaacs records his impressions of the Zulu people and their customs which are particularly interesting as they are an account of the Zulu people before they came under European influence. He lived in daily contact with the powerful King Shaka of the Zulus, at the time the Zulu Empire was at its peak influence in Southern Africa. He was treated on the whole with favour, having rank and honours conferred upon him, as well as a large tract of land. Most of what has been written about Shaka comes from the accounts of Henry Francis Fynn and Isaacs who learned to speak the Zulu language fluently.

Lt Farewell, Fynn and Isaacs established the town of Port Natal, later renamed Durban, which became the second largest city in South Africa in modern times. In 1828 King Shaka made Isaacs "Induna Incoola", or Principal Chief of Natal, and granted him great areas of land.

Subsequent career
Isaacs left Natal in 1831, when Shaka's successor Dingane had prepared to massacre the few whites living there;

In 1844 Isaacs abandoned his claim on the land granted him by Shaka and settled in Sierra Leone where he built up a thriving business. However, in 1854 he was accused of slave-trading by the governor, Sir Arthur Kennedy. Isaacs got wind of his impending arrest and left for Liverpool where he was to spend the last years of his life. Kennedy was appointed Governor of New South Wales and took the papers relating to the slave-trading charges with him when returning to England before taking up his post in Australia. The papers were lost when the ship in which he was travelling, the Forerunner was wrecked off Madeira in October 1854. In the absence of the papers, the English courts refused to proceed with the prosecution.

Isaacs died on 26 Jun 1872 in Egremont, on the opposite side of the Mersey from Liverpool and is buried in the Canterbury Jewish Cemetery.

Historians' commentary
In recent years many academics have questioned the accuracy of Isaac's writings. Dan Wylie, an academic at Rhodes University has asserted that Isaacs deliberately exaggerated the extent of Shaka's brutality to boost the sales of his and of Flynn's books. Other historians though were quick to challenge Wylie. Petros Sibani, a historian and tour guide of Zulu battlefields, said there was no doubting Shaka "was a cruel and ruthless man but they were cruel and ruthless times".

Another historian, Stephen Gray, also questioned the accuracy of Isaacs's writings. In his commentary on the writings of Charles Rawden Maclean in The Nautical Magazine, he notes that Maclean made no mention of Isaacs at all. He also conjectures that it was Isaacs who gave Maclean the name "John Ross" because he could not remember Maclean's real name. Gray is scathing of Isaacs to the extent that when comparing the writings of the two men he wrote "The differences between Maclean's and Isaacs' accounts [of Shaka's brutality] are so glaring that one is forced to ask which of the two is plain lying."

title: Nathaniel Isaacs


text: User talk:82.126.139.161

title: User talk:82.126.139.161


text: File:Redviolin.jpg

title: File:Redviolin.jpg


text:
Talk:William A. White

Old photograph

It's hard to believe that this is a picture of "the only black officer and chaplain for the entire British Army." A different William A. White? Must be. -Willmcw 05:42, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Can anyone (hint, hint) find a photograph of the real William A. White? That'd be great. Cheers, -Willmcw 10:28, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)

New photograph
I uploaded the correct photo for William A. White this week.Abebenjoe 17:18, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Only black officer
White may have been the only black chaplain in the Imperial Army in WWI, but he wasn't the only black officer. See here for instance. -- Necrothesp 12:39, 30 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree, it seems improbable that he was the only black officer, though I've two reference sources that claim that he was.  Not having anything else to back this up, I agree with your edit. Likely, the sources used bad sentence structure to make it appear that he was the only black officer, when what they meant was chaplain (which I believe automatically is an officer rank).Abebenjoe 21:25, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:William A. White


text:
KXNT (AM)

KXNT (840 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to North Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. It is owned and operated by Audacy, Inc. and carries a news/talk format. The radio studios are located in the unincorporated Clark County area of Spring Valley, while KXNT's transmitter is located on U.S. Route 93 at Great Valley Parkway in North Las Vegas.

KXNT is a Class B station operating on a clear channel frequency. WHAS at Louisville, Kentucky is the dominant Class A station on 840 AM, so KXNT must reduce its power at night to avoid interfering with WHAS's signal. KXNT operates at 50,000 watts by day and 25,000 watts at night.

KXNT is licensed to broadcast in the HD radio format, but is not currently broadcasting in HD. KXNT is Southern Nevada's primary entry point station for the Emergency Alert System.

Programming
KXNT airs mostly nationally syndicated talk shows. A local hour is hosted weekdays by Alan Stock at 8 a.m. The rest of the weekday schedule includes This Morning, America's First News with Gordon Deal; Glenn Beck; Ben Shapiro; Dana Loesch; Joe Pags; Dave Ramsey and Coast to Coast AM with George Noory.

Weekends feature shows on money, politics, health, law, real estate, home repair and computers. Syndicated hosts include Kim Komando; Ben Ferguson; Larry Elder and Ric Edelman. Some hours feature paid brokered programming.

KXNT carries hourly reports CBS News Radio and financial reports from Bloomberg Radio. It has a local news alliance with KLAS-TV, the CBS Network affiliate in Las Vegas.

History
KXNT signed on the air in 1986 with the call letters KVEG, airing a talk and middle of the road music format. It was owned by the Roberts Communications Corp.

KVEG had several noted hosts including Sam Greenfield, Dominick Brascia, Lou Epton, Irwin Schiff and the syndicated Tom Leykis. In 1997, KVEG changed its call sign to KXNT with the "NT" standing for "News/Talk". The station moved to a more traditional talk radio line up, airing Rush Limbaugh and Coast to Coast AM previously heard on rival station KDWN. Other shows included Dr. Laura and Bill Handel.

In 1998, Infinity Broadcasting acquired KXNT. In December 2005, Infinity was renamed CBS Radio. On February 2, 2017, CBS Radio announced it would merge with Entercom. The merger was approved on November 9, 2017, and was consummated on November 17.

Between August 16, 2010, and September 4, 2015, programming on KXNT was simulcast on sister FM station KXNT-FM (100.5), to give listeners who prefer FM that option. That station now airs a rhythmic hot adult contemporary format, under the call sign KXQQ-FM.

Former hosts

 * Heidi Harris
 * Kerri Kasem

title: KXNT (AM)


text:
Klotski

Klotski (from klocki) is a sliding block puzzle thought to have originated in the early 20th century. The name may refer to a specific layout of ten blocks, or in a more global sense to refer to a whole group of similar sliding-block puzzles where the aim is to move a specific block to some predefined location.

Rules
Like other sliding-block puzzles, several different-sized block pieces are placed inside a box, which is normally 4×5 in size. Among the blocks, there is a special one (usually the largest) which must be moved to a special area designated by the game board. The player is not allowed to remove blocks, and may only slide blocks horizontally and vertically. Common goals are to solve the puzzle with a minimum number of moves or in a minimum amount of time.

Naming
The earliest known reference of the name Klotski originates from the computer version for Windows 3.x by ZH Computer in 1991, which was also included in Microsoft Windows Entertainment Pack. The sliding puzzle had already been trademarked and sold under different names for decades, including Psychoteaze Square Root, Intreeg, and Ego Buster. There was no known widely used name for the category of sliding puzzles described before Klotski appeared.

History
It is still unknown which version of the puzzle is the original. There are many confusing and conflicting claims, and several countries claim to be the ultimate origin of this game. One game—lacking the 5 × 4 design of Pennant, Klotski, and Chinese models but a likely inspiration—is the 19th century 15-puzzle, where fifteen wooden squares had to be rearranged. It is suggested that unless a 19th-century Asian evidence is found, the most reasonably likely path of transmission is from the late 19th century square designs to the early 20th century rectangular, such as Pennant, thence to Klotski and Huarong Road.

United States
The 15-puzzle enjoyed immense popularity in western countries during the late 19th century. Around this time, patents appeared for puzzles using differently shaped blocks. Henry Walton filed in 1893 for a sliding puzzle of identically shaped rectangles. Frank E. Moss filed in 1900 for a sliding puzzle of six squares and four rectangles, which is one of the first known occurrences of sliding puzzle with non-equal blocks. However, the early cognate of Klotski closest in design dates to 1909 in Chicago.

Lewis W. Hardy obtained copyright for a game named Pennant Puzzle in 1909, manufactured by OK Novelty Co., Chicago. The aim of this puzzle is identical to Klotski, and only its default blocks and arrangement are different. Hardy also filed in 1907, which is about a sliding-block puzzle similar to Pennant Puzzle, but with a slightly different combination of blocks and a different goal—not only must the largest block be moved to a specific location, but all of the other blocks must achieve a specific configuration as well. The patent was granted in 1912.

England
John Harold Fleming obtained patent for a puzzle in 1934 in England, with almost identical configuration as described in this page. The puzzle concerned has the same blocks and almost identical placement as forget-me-not, only that the unique horizontal 2×1 block is placed at the bottom instead of beneath the 2×2 block. The patent included a 79-step solution.

China
The Klotski puzzle—with its two-by-two and one-by-two cells and with the same 4 × 5 dimensions—also closely resembles the Chinese game known as, also known as   Pass or  Road. Popular versions of used cells with names or images of Han dynasty heroes and villains, based on a famous battle from the Yuan dynasty novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The Chinese design, commonly using Chinese names for the heroes, villains, and soldiers, has clear inspiration from the Chinese version of chess, which problematizes the origins of the genre of sliding puzzles.

The first account of occurrence of Klotski in China is in Shaanxi Province, where Lin Dekuan from the Northwestern Polytechnical University noted that children in a village, a countryside in Chenggu county, were playing a version of Klotski made with pieces of paper in 1938.

In 1943, the was publicized by Liang Qing, a teacher in the New Fourth Route Army who learnt it from people living in northern Jiangsu province, among soldiers to enhance their cultural life.

One of the earliest books about standard Klotski was written by the Chinese professor Jiang Changying from the Northwestern Polytechnical University in 1949 in his book《 – 》; Jiang Changying believed that the  was invented in the late 1930s and became popular during the late 1930s and early 1940s. This book has been republished by Jiang Changying in 1997 as《 – 》(ISBN 7-5612-0971-1). Jiang Changying also believed that the was mostly likely introduced in Shanghai from the early 1940s from Northern Jiangsu province.

In 1956, the appeared in math magazine where it was called "Guan Yu Releases Cao Cao"; some years later, it gained the revolutionary name of "Chase Away the Paper Tiger" when it was published in the Liaoning Pictorial of 1959.

The plastic versions of the manufactured in the 1960s by the Shanghai No. 14 Toy Factory and Shanghai Changchun Plastic Factory made plastic version were named "Parking the Boats".

In the 1980s, an association was created by enthusiasts;  enthusiasts also organized competitions in Beijing, Shanghai, and Northeast China.

Solving
The minimum number of moves for the original puzzle is 81, which is verified by computer to be the absolute minimum for the default starting layout, if you consider sliding a single piece to any reachable position to be a single move.

The first published 81-step solution is by Martin Gardner, in the February 1964 issue of Scientific American. In the article he discussed the following puzzles (with Edward Hordern classification code in parentheses): Pennant Puzzle (C19), L'Âne Rouge (C27d), Line Up the Quinties (C4), Ma's Puzzle (D1) and a form of Stotts' Baby Tiger Puzzle (F10).

For earliest published solutions (not optimal solution), currently known is from Chinese educator Xǔ Chún Fǎng, in his book 數學漫談. (translation: Mathematics Tidbits; Kāi Mínɡ Shū Diàn, March 1952) His solution involves 100 steps.

The current Guinness World Record for the Fastest time to Solve a 4x5 Klotski puzzle is 5.20 seconds, achieved by Lim Kai Yi, a speedsolver from Malaysia on.

Variations
There are several variations of this game, some with names specific to the culture of certain countries, some with different arrangement of blocks. It is still unknown whether these variations affected each other and how. The following variations basically have the same layout and block arrangement, varying only in name (human, animal, or others), usually with some sort of story behind the names. It is completely unknown whether they share the same origin, though this is highly possible as they are identical to each other.

(, alternatively named Pass or  Trail) is the Chinese variation,  which shows unique Chinese characteristics, by basing itself on one of Four Great Classical Novels novel, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, about the warlord Cao Cao retreating through the  Trail (present-day Jianli County, Jingzhou, Hubei) after his defeat at the Battle of Red Cliffs in the winter of 208/209 CE during the late Eastern Han dynasty. He encountered an enemy general, Guan Yu, who was guarding the path and waiting for him. Guan Yu spared Cao Cao and allowed the latter to pass through Trail on account of the generous treatment he received from Cao in the past. The largest block in the game is named "Cao Cao".

Daughter in the box
The Daughter in the Box (Japanese name: hakoiri musume 箱入り娘) wood puzzle depicts an "innocent young girl, who knows nothing of the world" trapped in a building. The largest piece is named "daughter", and other blocks are given names of other family members (like father, mother and so on).

Another Japanese variation uses the names of shogi pieces.

L'âne rouge
In France, it is well known as L'âne rouge. It features a red donkey (the largest piece) trying to escape a maze of fences and pens to get to its carrots. However, there is no known and documented record of its first existence in France.

Khun Chang Khun Phaen
This is a variation from Thailand. Khun Phaen is a famous character in Thai legend, and the game is named after the epic poem Khun Chang Khun Phaen, in which the character is imprisoned. The game depicts Khun Phaen breaking out of the prison by overcoming its nine sentries.

There is a slight difference between Khun Chang Khun Phaen and the standard layout—the two middle 1×1 blocks are moved to bottom. Other than that, all other blocks are the same. The origin of this variation is unknown.

Other block arrangements
In this context, the "basic" arrangement is assumed to be a 4×5 area laid out as follows:-
 * In the left-hand column, two 1×2 blocks with a 1×1 block beneath.
 * In the right-hand column, two 1×2 blocks with a 1×1 block beneath.
 * In the middle two columns, a 2×2 block at the top, with a horizontal 2×1 block beneath it, two 1×1 blocks beneath that, leaving a 2×1 empty space at the bottom.

This is used globally as the "basic" game of Klotski. It is coded C27d in Hordern classification of sliding puzzle games.

Pennant Puzzle
Coded as C19 in Hordern classification, it is first copyrighted in 1909 by Lewis. W. Hardy in United States. Standard Trailer Co. has it copyrighted under the name Dad's Puzzler in 1926 (also in US). Its arrangement is different:
 * 1) The default location of all blocks are different from Klotski. For example, the largest square block is in upper left corner.
 * 2) It is in 4×5 area, with one 2×2, two 1×2, four 2×1, two 1×1 pieces.
 * 3) The exit of block is not at the bottom middle, but bottom left.

Other than these, the game rules are the same as Klotski. The minimum number of moves to solve the puzzle is 59.

Ma's Puzzle
Ma's Puzzle is copyrighted by Standard Trailer Co. at 1927. It was the first sliding puzzle to use non-rectangular shape. Its goal is to join its 2 L-shaped pieces together, either anywhere or top right corner of the board.

Computerized version
An early graphical computer version was created by Jim Bates in 1988. In 1991, Klotski was included in the third Microsoft Windows Entertainment Pack. Many versions of Klotski followed, either freely or commercially available. For example, one is included in the GNOME desktop environment. Some include blocks which have special effects.

In video games
The puzzle is also found in the 1995 Super Nintendo Entertainment System game Lufia II: Rise of the Sinistrals. In a cave on Dragon Mountain, the player is told "The world's most difficult trick is beyond this point." A few floors down, the player is faced with the sliding block puzzle. The central block contains four chests with powerful items: Mega shield, Holy Robe, Legend helm, and Lizard blow.

title: Klotski


text:
Malibu's Most Wanted

Malibu's Most Wanted is a 2003 American comedy film written by and starring Jamie Kennedy and co-starring Taye Diggs, Anthony Anderson, Blair Underwood, Regina Hall, Damien Dante Wayans, Ryan O'Neal, and Snoop Dogg. The film is written by the creators of MADtv, Fax Bahr and Adam Small, who also serve as producers. The character of "B-Rad" (a spoof of Eminem's character "B-Rabbit" in the film 8 Mile) originally appeared in Jamie Kennedy's hidden-camera show The Jamie Kennedy Experiment, but started in his stand-up routine when he was starting out; here, "B-Rad" is Brad, the son of Senator Bill Gluckman who is running for governor of California and fears his son is a distraction on the campaign trail, with Brad's aspirations of becoming a rapper and his glamorization of gang life. To that end, Gluckman's campaign manager hires two actors to stage an abduction to bring Brad to an inner city neighborhood where he will learn to behave himself.

Plot
The film centers on the family life of Bill Gluckman, a wealthy Jewish senator from Malibu, California who is running for the office of the governor of California. His son Brad is a wannabe "Eminem", preferring to go by the nickname "B-Rad" despite leading a rich, sheltered life. As a result, members of Mr. Gluckman's political campaign become concerned that Brad's idiotic, outlandish behavior will ruin his father's chances at being elected.

The campaign team members hire two actors, Sean and PJ, who don't know any more about inner-city life than B-Rad, to act as gang members. They kidnap him, and take him to South Los Angeles, where PJ's cousin Shondra lives, and they hope B-Rad will be "scared white" after witnessing what inner city life is really like. The trio engages in mildly dangerous activities such as petty theft in order to convince B-Rad that he should return home.

The three involuntarily become mixed up between rival gangs, unfortunately crossing paths with the leader of one of the gangs, Tec, after bumping into him at a club, and who also happens to be Shondra's ex. In the meantime, B-Rad develops feelings for Shondra, who at first is unimpressed and annoyed, but slowly begins to enjoy B-Rad's company, and eventually admire him for who he truly is.

B-Rad comes to find out that the entire excursion to head to South Central was a ruse in order for him to be scared out of his mannerisms, and soon takes matters into his own hands, turning the tables on his would-be captors. His recklessness leads to the trio becoming actually kidnapped by Tec and his crew, unbeknownst to B-Rad, who just assumes this is part of the act. Tec soon becomes impressed at intimidation tactics portrayed by B-Rad as a result of playing Grand Theft Auto. Unfortunately, during a house party, B-Rad almost gets shot by Tec for a misunderstanding with Shondra (he accidentally shot himself in the foot, yet it barely grazed him due to his poor aim). When Bill Gluckman realizes that his son is in actual danger, he rushes over, and uses his trademark negotiating skills in order to ease the situation. In doing so, he realizes that he should just accept B-Rad for who he is, and decides that he will support his son unconditionally. The two reconcile, and when the family returns to Malibu, the film closes with Bill and B-Rad celebrating a Gluckman win in the governors' race.

Cameos

 * Mike Epps as D.J. Johnny Powell
 * Felli Fel as "Felli"
 * Hi-C as "C"
 * Young Dre The Truth as "Dre"
 * Drop da Bomb as "Bomb"
 * Hal Fishman as Mr. Hal
 * Big Boy as Biggs

Cultural themes
The overarching themes that are discussed in Malibu's Most Wanted are both the exploitation of one culture by another, as well as the pressure to act within the norms of a given culture. Not only are these themes explored explicitly by the actions of B-Rad, but also by Sean and PJ. There is an expectation of how black people are portrayed in Hollywood that is explored in depth in the manner in which Sean and PJ practice acting "gangsta" in order to prove their blackness. In an interview conducted by Brian Balchack from Movieweb.com, Taye Diggs notes that "the interesting thing, being an African-American actor, is that we're constantly challenged with the duality of acting stereotypically “black,” and just acting. Matt Damon and Ben Affleck don't have to read for a role and ask themselves, ‘Okay, do they want me to say this word like this, or can I just be myself?' I know tons of black actors that didn't grow up in the ‘hood, and don't have their “gangster lingo” down, who take it to another level when they go in for a gangster role. I think that that's very interesting."

Home media
Malibu's Most Wanted was released on VHS and DVD on September 9, 2003.

title: Malibu's Most Wanted


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Baddery

 * Delete - Nonsense, I have never heard the expression baddery used in place of battery. 128.2.247.45 17:29, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - then why, may I ask, did you write the original aritcle? Your cognitive dissonance is rather baffling. - Jersyko  talk  23:43, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Baddery is a common mispronounciation of Battery 68.170.0.238 01:34, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - hilarious, andy. I imagine you keep yourself amused 24/7. - Jersyko  talk  02:33, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - Would somebody please vote on this matter? 68.170.0.238 08:53, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, I'll vote, and I vote delete. Why can't this simply be a speedy? Aecis 14:21, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Baddery


text: User talk:24.171.36.233

title: User talk:24.171.36.233


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Islamophilia

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Kelly Martin 05:58, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Read this first
It seems many people are voting here before even reading the article, or doing sufficient research on the subject. The article is not about justifiying a point of view. It DOES NOT, or atleast is not meant to justify islamophobia or attacking Islam. It just describes a term being used increasingly by certain European politicians, sociologists and journalists. Please read the article, help making it NPOV and reconsider your vote.

AGAIN, THE USE OF ISLAMOPHILIA BY PROPONENTS MIGHT BE UNJUSTIFIED. BUT THAT IS NOT THE POINT HERE. WE CAN'T DELETE AN ARTICLE ON SLAVERY SIMPLY BECAUSE IT IS A WRONG PRACTICE. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.151.238.172 (talk • contribs) 01:31, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Note: The initial vote to delete this article has been placed at the top of Votes: Delete for ease of vote counting.

Votes: Keep

 * 1) Keep (BloodOfThePoet)Since "Islamophobic/Islamophobia" exists in the popular consciousness, the world press, and the educational establishment -and is gaining ground in the approved lexicon, there is a need to explore its conceptual antithesis, for a host of reasons: including the analytical, political, aesthetic, religious, philosophical, linguistic and even the counter-propagandistic. I commend the article writer, since, in contrast with at least 75% of what gets accepted in the Wikipedia 'canon', this submission is commendably researched, factually reinforced, literate, and, considering the comments for deleting it (a revealingly passionate compendium of reinforcing "interests" in something usually deadeningly dry and stultifyingly neutral like the discussion of a neologism), has hit such a nerve, that, for this reason alone, "Islamophila" deserves to remain.  It will draw many new eyes to Wikipedi, and will allow scholars to fulfill their proper function of expanding the understanding of the human intellectual experiment.  I find nothing offensive, anti-religious, biased, bigoted or improper with this article or this ingenious coinage.  Keep it, and let it become enriched as the understanding of the word, and is roots, deepen in the interpenetration of cultures, "East" and "West". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.20.176.72 (talk • contribs) 04:05, 19 Jun 2005
 * 2) Keep (sockpuppet) This is a useful article that would benefit from more editing and contributions rather than removal. Just look at the amount of blind islamophilia that is doing rounds these days. Do a google search if you think it is neologism.
 * 3) * Vote by User:130.203.202.156 -- 15:12, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Keep Of course my POV is biased as I am a major contributor to this page. Islamophilia is a neologism, as is islamophobia. I have rewritten the page to make it more NPOV. Critics are invited to improve the quality of the page as they seem fit. --Germen 15:38, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Keep This is not an anti-islam propaganda article. It just describes people who try to atribute unreasonable characteristics to islam, and actually end up doing harm to Islam, for example, claiming that the Quran contains new scientific theories in a cryptic form, which, if decoded, can change the world, etc. I can understand that islamophiles would love to see such an article deleted, since they love to whitewash anything that THEY THINK reflects badly on Islam, or stops short of attributing to Islam all the best qualities possible. (Previous edit by User:70.105.179.96 -Blackcats 07:00, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC))
 * 6) Keep (sockpuppet) Though it does certainly needs a cleanup. (Previous edit by User:128.118.126.8 -Blackcats 07:00, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)) - User's two edits are both to this VFD page. --FCYTravis 08:43, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Keep (sockpuppet) It is pretty basic and could be expanded. Keep it. (Previous edit by User:66.214.185.252 -Blackcats 07:00, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)) - User's two edits are both to this VFD page. --FCYTravis 08:43, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Keep and enlarge. (sockpuppet) You should defend free speach. The word suggested makes sense. Keep, keep, keep. (Previous edit by User:82.36.79.32 -Blackcats 07:00, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)) - User's only edit is to this VFD page. --FCYTravis 08:43, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Keep (sockpuppet) It is a good start and probably needs expanding. Keep it.  (Previous edit by User:209.76.108.207 -Blackcats 07:00, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)) - User's only edit is to this VFD page. --FCYTravis
 * 10) Keep (sockpuppet) STOP ATTACHING SOCKPUPPET TO MY NAME, I only voted once! Either merge stub with related article or keep independent with expectation of expansion. Shouldn't be allowed to fall victim to PC reactionism.
 * 11) * Edit: Accusations of 'Sockpuppets' are underhanded attempts to negate votes. The reason the votes are in close proximity is because this Wiki entry has found its way onto a couple of forums. I removed 'sockpuppet' from my entry and included my wiki nickname. I find this tactic very cheap and not in the spirit of wiki.  --UlulatingIdiota
 * 12) ** If you read the sockpuppet article you will see that any user with less than 100 edits, particularly a new user who immediately joins and starts making controversial edits or voting on VfDs, are generally considered to be sock puppets for the purposes of voting. Which forums has this page been listed on? Axon 07:35, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) * (Previous edit by User:141.152.101.211 -Blackcats 07:00, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)) - User's only edit is to this VFD page. --FCYTravis
 * 14) *The addition to this vote was UlulatingIdiota's first edit. --W(t) 03:09, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)
 * 15) Keep (sockpuppet) The vote of the Muslims about Islam is generally charged with emotions and subjectivity. It is not realistic to expect objective opinions from believers of any religion about their own faith. My vote is to keep it and expand on it. (Previous edit by User:72.21.32.122 -Blackcats 07:00, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)) - User has four edits, one to this VFD page. --FCYTravis
 * 16) keep (sockpuppet) and expand very topical if islamophobia is in so should be Islamophilia could do with expanding (Previous edit by User:172.188.217.175 -Blackcats 07:00, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)) - User's only edit is to this VFD page. --FCYTravis
 * 17) keep (sockpuppet) - This is not islampobia - it is rational and it is free speech — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.9.149.56 (talk • contribs) 12:32, 12 Jun 2005 (User's only edit is to this VFD page. Axon 13:26, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC))
 * 18) Keep (sockpuppet)( - The article accurately describes the characteristics of a certain group of people from an objective POV. Deleting it would be the irrational thing to do. Definitely keep it and expand on it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.195.42.126 (talk • contribs) 22:04, 12 Jun 2005
 * 19) Keep I know some people myself that i could describe in the way this article describes islamophiles. But this article is in need of work. It does not yet catch the exact essence of its subject. I accept also rename, if a better name is found Tuohirulla 22:36, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 20) Keep - with overhaul (sockpuppet) The premise that the feeling of Islamophilia must inherently be irrational is incorrect. There are Sinophiles who love China and Chinese culture and Francophiles who love France and French culture.  I have never heard these philes described as irrational.
 * 21) Keep →  Jarlaxle Artemis   01:27, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * 22) Keep but overhaul - The article is meant to describe a certain ideology, not to "target" it. Unfortunately, the article is defintely not NPOV in its present form, and was probably written as a reaction to the POV article on islamophobia. However, I don't see how it is "irrational." Semitophilia does not exist, so there is no article on it. This cannot be said about Islamophilia which is a reasonably popular ideology. A small example is here Although it needs to be overhauled, I am surprised that people want it (and islamophobia )to be deleted. There is no dearth of articles on wikipedia which produce less than 10 google results, and I checked on FAQs that low google hits is not a sufficient reason for deletion. The term has a very healthy web search to group search ratio on google, so it doesn't seem to be promoted by any one particular group. I don't think it is not a good idea to delete articles simply because in their present form they are POV. There's a POV tag for that. Also, google "Islamophilie" (French for Islamophilia) and you'll get many more hits, and some pages belong to the 90s, even before September 11, etc, so the term is not very new either. deeptrivia
 * 23) Keep (sockpuppet) As islamophobia ) exist so does Islamophilia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.80.16.39 (talk • contribs) 11:12, 13 Jun 2005
 * 24) Keep (sockpuppet) The phenomenon is real, and deserves its own entry. Although I agree it needs to be expanded. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.145.153.163 (talk • contribs) 12:30, 13 Jun 2005
 * 25) KEEP (sockpuppet) This article brings some balance to the POV given by islamic propaganda and twisting history represented on this site. But the article needs to be expanded upon and referenced. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.129.122.1 (talk • contribs) 15:07, 13 Jun 2005
 * 26) KEEP (sockpuppet) The phenomenon is not only real, it is a prevalent rhetorical paradigm among a number of influential commentators such as Karen Armstrong and Carly Fiorina. The article should be kept and is deserving of expansion. THHuxley 16:30, 2005 Jun 13
 * 27) *Important note: There is no User:THHuxley. The above comment was really posted by User:198.89.160.22.
 * 28) KEEP (sockpuppet) Islamophobic is a much used (and even feared) accusation. Self censorship is an increasingly real problem. The article is not the most erudite and does need tidying up, but it adds to the debate, simply by being there. Nassar — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.148.56.106 (talk • contribs) 17:06, 14 Jun 2005
 * 29) KEEP (sockpuppet) Current form is OK, but expansion would only help. This a good term to explain the irrationality that goes along with the territory of making such claims as stated in the article. user:Fresca Scongili Butifara June 16, 2005
 * 30) * Does not appear to be a real user --Irishpunktom\talk
 * 31) KEEP (sockpuppet)  This would be an introduction to islamophilia and should be expanded to be meaningful.   For example, attributing the success of Spain to the occupation and colonialism of the Moors and Arabs who invaded is something to be explored.    Attributing scientific achievements made by Assyrians, Persians, Copts and others to Islam should be expanded upon. Jsaid2009
 * 32) * Users first and Second edit --Irishpunktom\talk
 * 33) Keep (sockpuppet) Otherwise delete Islamophobia, which is logically equally POV. Deleting this article would itself be an act of POV! Dragonlance 14:25, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Votes: Delete

 * 1) Initial deletion vote — Neologism. SWAdair | Talk  05:47, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Delete. Short POV piece, no chance it will ever be encyclopedic.  Kaibabsquirrel 06:40, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Delete per 'squirrel. --Jeffrey O. Gustafson 07:10, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Delete - un-notable POV slander piece. Blackcats 09:26, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Delete POV attack page. JamesBurns 11:04, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Delete. Islamophilia returns 248 hits.  This article should be deleted and made a subsection of a different article, that might exist in the future, such as Islamophile, which returns a respectable 15,700 google hits. Wikibofh 15:18, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Delete, neologism. - Mustafaa 17:58, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Delete attack page. Nothing here worth keeping. carmeld1 10:18, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Delete neologism. Axon 08:26, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Delete - sockpuppet limit exceeded (apologies to RickK) --FCYTravis 08:39, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Delete - The differences between the word "Islamophobia" and "Islamophilia": "Islamophobia" is actually used (Google search for Islamophilia: 215 results; for Islamophobia: 119,000 — obviously the latter is the real word); the article about it does not overflow with bias. As for the argument that an article about "Islamophilia" makes it "fair" to have an article about Islamophobia: I see no "Semitophilia" articles! No "homophilia" articles (simply redirection to the homosexuality page). An encyclopedia cannot contain this bias. No "Islamophilia" nonsense, please. What you define as being "Islamophilic" is simply following Islam. And to call Islam, or any religion, "irrational" is biased and stepping out of the role of an encyclopedia. Emiellaiendiay 10:36 a.m., 12 June 2005
 * 12) Delete (sockpuppet) - This article is completely irrational and serves no useful purpose. It is inherently biased because it targets a specific ideology. As already said, there are no articles on "Semitophilia", "homophilia", etc. This article tries to pathologize the followers of Islam and non-Muslims who are tolerant of Islam and Muslims. Moreover, this article is unscholarly. It should be deleted.
 * 13) Delete, neologism. --W(t) 02:22, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)
 * 14) Delete, lacks references. Alphax τεχ 10:39, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) Delete hopefully none of the sockpuppets here's votes will be taken seriouslyYuber(talk) 22:32, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 16) Delete (sockpuppet)POV211.100.12.60 15:54, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) Delete (sockpuppet)  Neologism 63.218.109.130 15:59, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 18) Delete (sockpuppet) ORIGINAL RESEARCH205.136.240.131 16:03, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 19) * The above IP-signed votes are discussed in "Sockpuppet comments" on the talk page. — Dan Johnson TC
 * 20) Delete hopelessly POV piece, not particularly well-established term, and vote rigging. Should the article be kept, it needs some really, really, really heavy NPOVing, and I doubt there would be that much left after that. -- AlexR 02:23, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 21) Delete Neologism with a hint of WP:POINT. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 17:42, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 22) Delete. Neologism, supported by a surplus of drive-by voters and sockpuppets. --Carnildo 19:33, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 23) *It is not a neologism. Search for 'islamophilie/islamophile'. --Germen 20:47, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 24) **When a search for those two in English on google I get 40 and 926... and for islamophilie in English most were in French... gren 21:46, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 25) * I got over 200 in English for Islamophilia. This is more of a European word, so you get many more in French, Dutch, etc. For  proving that the concept does exist, it suffices to show its use in any language. So, just because the results are in French/Dutch doesn't mean an article on it should not be in English Wikipedia. I don't know other European languages so haven't searched in other languages. User:deeptrivia
 * 26) Delete - This is a neologism with no clear definition. Definitely would involve original research.  Islamophile is a legitimate dict. def. about someone who tries to learn about Islam but to say Islamophilia is the attribution of positive qualities to Islam, Muslims or the Islamic civilization, beyond what can be rationally attributed is incredibly subjective and does not have to do with the suffix -phile. gren 03:58, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 27) * Explain why this is subjective. "Islamophobia" and "Prejudice" have a similar definition and both have a Wikipedia entry too. Be consequent. --Germen 22:00, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 28) ** Islamophobia is fear of Islam, that can be of any kind of Islam. Islamophilia takes a specific definition of Islam and compares someone's views on Islam to that.  Therefore there is a necessary definition of what Islam "truly is" and then you are complaiming that someone's view and interpretation of Islam is illegitimate.  That is the subjectivity I speak of.  gren 03:58, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 29) *** Gren, 'Islamophobia' is partisan as well. Fear and hate are subjective. 'Phobia' generally is reserved to irrational and pathological fear which implies that all fears for islam are pathological, which is, of course, non-NPOV. --Germen 11:34, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 30) * Whether "Islamophobia" has an entry or not is irrevelant in this discussion. Why are you so intent on keeping this, Germen? Emiellaiendiay 22:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 31) ** Because 'islamophilia' describes a real phenomenon which is worthy of study. Of course attempts to make the article more NPOV are welcomed. --Germen 11:34, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 32) Delete. Attack page.  Postdlf 01:33, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 33) * Who is being attacked?
 * 34) * This article is certainly less POV and more objective than one on Islamophobia.
 * 35) EXTERMINATE! Unsalvagable, unencyclopedic NOISE. The fact that many google hits exist makes it very LOUD noice. --Cool Cat My Talk 02:51, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 36) Delete - unencyclopedic POV piece. -- Joolz 10:00, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 37) Delete. Unencyclopedic attempt to discredit Islam. Jayjg (talk) 16:24, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 38) Delete. Totally POV, and unsalvageable neology.     18:53, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 39) Delete, not a real word. Rhobite 20:26, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * 40) Delete. Neither this nor Islamophobia are worthy of encyclopdic entries; these are Wiktionary entries at best. Islamophobia and Islamophilia are neither recognized psychological conditions nor widespread pop culture buzzwords. Islamophobia is already represented on the encylopedia by it's entry at -phobia and Islamophilia can likewise be inserted into -philia. Fernando Rizo 20:36, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Votes: Conditional

 * 1) Merge with Islamophobia - in the hope that they will somehow cancel each other out and implode. Failing that, delete. Grutness...  wha?  13:04, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Overhaul or DELETE (sockpuppet) The article needs to either be modified to state that the term is used primarily by hindu fundamentalists and conspiracy theorists or deleted altogether.  As is the article doesn't even make any sense.  I have no understanding of what the point is supposed to be.  Also needs references.  And why is it listed under "phobias"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ben.waterhouse (talk • contribs) 17:30, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC), user's first edit.
 * 3) Merge with Islamophobia, as per Grutness. — Dan Johnson TC 19:43, 2005 Jun 17 (UTC)

Comments

 * 1) Point of order - I was of the understanding, indeed I was told as much, that only registered users votes' count.  When I voted as an anon, way back when, I was told to reg-up and vote again, because my vote would not count. Was I mis-informed, do Un-regged vites by anon users count, or are there a fair amount of votes here not to be counted? --Irishpunktom\talk
 * 2) * You are correct: the anonymous votes, as well as sockpupper votes, above will (hopefully) be ignored when tallying votes. Axon 17:02, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) * He's wrong, and right. Anonymous editors can vote but if there is doubt about a vote by an anon it may be ignored.  This is to allow regular people who only ever use fixed ip to participate in VfD and other surveys.  Admins close these discussions manually and we're pretty good at spotting jiggery pokery. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 17:45, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Jsaid2009 This request for a deletion is based on several logical fallacies.   The first is called Argumentum ad Numerum - because more people share the opinion, it somehow must be right.    Because Islamophobia garners more google hits than Islamophillia, it must be true. Before Copernicus, the earth was flat because more people believed it.   The second argument is equally invalid.  I see no Naziphobia or Naziphillia, therefore everyone has no interest in the idealogical system of Nazism?   Given that the Nazi party is in power in Austria, this argument holds no water — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.35.195.104 (talk • contribs) 12:45, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) * The above statement appears to be a Chewbacca Defense. — Dan Johnson TC 14:07, 2005 Jun 18 (UTC)
 * 6) **I believe that's what's known as argumentum ad chewbaccum. silsor 08:24, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User talk:Completedentist

Please do not add commercial links (or links to your own private websites) to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. You are, however, encouraged to add content instead of links to the encyclopedia. See the welcome page to learn more. Thanks.

PS: That is true not only for articles like Dentistry, but also for your talk page, which is why I removed the content here as well. Rl 08:01, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Completedentist


text:
Karma (disambiguation)

Karma, in several Eastern religions, is the concept of "action" or "deed", understood as that which causes the entire cycle of cause and effect.

Karma may also refer to:

Computing

 * KARMA attack, an attack capable of exploiting some WiFi systems
 * Karma, a physics engine used in Unreal Engine 2
 * Karma, a trust metric in online moderation or rating systems
 * Karma, the voting system on Reddit
 * Karma spyware, an iPhone spyware tool used by Dark Matter

Film and television

 * Karma (1933 film), a Hindi- and English-language film
 * Karma (1981 film), a Filipino drama film
 * Karma (1986 film), an Indian Hindi film
 * Karma (1995 film), a Malayalam film of 1995
 * Karma (2008 Indian film), an English-language psychological thriller film
 * Karma (2008 Indonesian film), a paranormal drama film
 * Karma (2010 film), an Indian Telugu film
 * Karma (2012 film), a Sinhala adult drama film
 * Karma (2015 Thai film), a horror film
 * Karma (2015 Tamil film), a murder mystery film
 * Karma (2004 TV series), an Indian superhero television series
 * Karma (2015 TV series), a Hong Kong horror television series
 * Karma (2020 TV series), an American children's reality web series
 * "Karma" (How I Met Your Mother), a television episode
 * "Karma" (Person of Interest), a television episode

Music

 * Karma (American band), a progressive rock/jazz band
 * Karma Productions or Carvin & Ivan, a music production duo

Albums

 * Karma (Delerium album) (1997)
 * Karma (Robin Eubanks album) (1991)
 * Karma (Fanatic Crisis album) (1994)
 * Karma (Kamelot album) (2001)
 * Karma (Mucc album) (2010)
 * Karma (Pharoah Sanders album) (1969)
 * Karma (Mike Singer album) (2017)
 * Karma (Rick Springfield album) (1999)
 * Karma (Tarkan album) (2001)
 * Karma (Winger album) (2009)

Songs

 * "Karma" (AJR song), 2019
 * "Karma" (Alicia Keys song), 2004
 * "Karma" (Alma song), 2016
 * "Karma" (Anxhela Peristeri song), 2021
 * "Karma" (Bump of Chicken song), 2005
 * "Karma" (2024 song), song released in 2024 by two separate artists, JoJo Siwa and Brit Smith
 * "Karma" (Kokia song), 2009
 * "Karma" (Lloyd Banks song), 2004
 * "Karma" (Marina song), 2019
 * "Karma" (The Black Eyed Peas song), 1999
 * "Karma" (The Saturdays song), 2010
 * "Karma" (Taylor Swift song), 2022
 * "Karma (What Goes Around)", by 1200 Techniques, 2002
 * "Karma", by Burhan G & L.O.C. from Din for Evigt, 2013
 * "Karma", by Darin from Flashback, 2008
 * "Karma", by deSol from deSol, 2005
 * "Karma", by Diffuser from Mission: Impossible 2, 2000
 * "Karma", by Estelle from Lovers Rock, 2018
 * "Karma", by Faizal Tahir from Adrenalin, 2010
 * "Karma", by Fear, and Loathing in Las Vegas from Hypertoughness, 2019
 * "Karma", by Jessica Andrews from Who I Am, 2001
 * "Karma", by Joss Stone from LP1, 2011
 * "Karma", by Kamelot from Karma, 2001
 * "Karma", by Mike Singer from Karma, 2017
 * "Karma", by Opeth from My Arms, Your Hearse, 1998
 * "Karma", by Parkway Drive from Deep Blue, 2010
 * "Karma", by The Reklaws from Sophomore Slump, 2020
 * "Karma (Comes Back Around)", by Adam F from Kaos: The Anti-Acoustic Warfare, 2001

Given name

 * Karma (archer) (born 1990), Bhutanese archer
 * Karma Chagme, 17th-century Tibetan lama
 * Karma Phuntsho, Bhutanese scholar
 * Karma Phuntsok (born 1952), Tibetan painter
 * Karma Rigzin, Bhutanese police officer and UN peacekeeper
 * Karma Thinley Rinpoche (born 1931), Tibetan lama resident in Canada
 * Karma Thutob Namgyal (died 1610), prince of the Tsangpa Dynasty that ruled parts of Central Tibet
 * Karma Tsewang (born 1988), Indian footballer
 * Karma Yonzon, Nepali musician and composer
 * Karma-Ann Swanepoel, South African-born singer, as Karma

Nickname

 * Karma (Call of Duty player) or Damon Barlow (born 1993)
 * Karma (Halo player) or Ben Jackson (born 1988)
 * Karma (wrestler) (born 2001), Japanese professional wrestler

Places

 * Karma, Karma District, a village in Belarus
 * Karma District, an administrative subdivision in Belarus
 * Karma, Koderma, a census town in Koderma district, Jharkhand, Bihar
 * Karma, Koderma, Jharkhand, India
 * Karma, Niger
 * Karma, Hebron, a Palestinian village
 * Karma valley, a Himalayan valley, Tibet

Vehicles

 * Fisker Karma, a hybrid electric sportscar
 * Karma Revero, a hybrid electric sportscar that replaced the Fisker Karma
 * Karma Automotive, an automaker

Other uses

 * Karma (character), a Marvel Comics hero
 * Karma (company), a WiFi-based ISP
 * Karma Nightclub & Cabaret, a former gay nightclub in Lincoln, Nebraska
 * Karma (novel), a 2014 novel by Karanam Pavan Prasad
 * Karma (plant), a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family
 * "Karma" (short story), a short story by Khushwant Singh
 * Korg KARMA, a workstation, the first implementation of the KARMA music system
 * Karma, a dog food brand of Procter & Gamble

title: Karma (disambiguation)


text:
Kwassi Klutse

Kwassi Klutse (29 July 1945 – 19 May 2024) was a Togolese politician who was the prime minister of Togo from 20 August 1996 to 21 May 1999.

Life and career
Klutse was born in Agbélouvé, French Togoland (now in Zio Prefecture) on 29 July 1945. After working as an official at the Ministry of Planning from 1977 to 1995, he was appointed to the government of Prime Minister Edem Kodjo as Minister of Planning and Territorial Development on 29 November 1995. Subsequently, in by-elections that were held in constituencies where the results of the 1994 parliamentary election had been annulled, the Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) of President Gnassingbé Eyadéma won all three constituencies at stake, giving it and its allies a parliamentary majority and enabling it to form a new government without relying on Kodjo's Togolese Union for Democracy (UTD) party. Klutse was then appointed Prime Minister by Eyadéma on 20 August 1996.

Previously not a member of a political party, in 1997 Klutse joined the RPT and became a member of its Political Bureau. On 19 August 1998, Eyadéma accepted the resignation of Klutse and his government, but he reappointed Klutse on 20 August to head a new government, which was named on 1 September. The opposition refused to participate in this government, and Klutse, speaking on television, "deplore[d] that the sincere and brotherly hand extended by the president was not accepted by the leaders of the opposition".

In the March 1999 parliamentary election, Klutse was elected to the National Assembly as the RPT candidate in the First Constituency of Zio Prefecture; he was unopposed and won the seat with 100% of the vote. He and his government resigned on 17 April 1999; Eyadéma accepted the resignation, and Klutse's government remained temporarily in office in a caretaker capacity. Eyadéma appointed Eugène Koffi Adoboli as Klutse's successor on 21 May 1999.

Klutse was re-elected to the National Assembly in the October 2002 parliamentary election from the First Constituency of Zio Prefecture.

In the October 2007 parliamentary election, Klutse was the second candidate on the RPT's candidate list in Zio Prefecture, but failed to win a seat; all three seats in Zio were won by the opposition Union of the Forces of Change (UFC).

Klutse remained a member of the Political Bureau of the RPT and was again chosen as a member of the RPT Central Committee from Zio Prefecture at the party's 9th Congress in December 2006.

Klutse died on 19 May 2024, at the age of 78.

title: Kwassi Klutse


text:
Erica Pedretti

Erica Pedretti (25 February 1930 – 14 July 2022) was a Swiss author and artist.

Born in northern Moravia, Pedretti went to Switzerland in 1945. She studied art and enjoyed a career as a writer, painter, and sculptor. For a few years she lived in the United States, but in 1952 she returned to Switzerland, where she married the Swiss painter Gian Pedretti. Pedretti has published texts since 1970, and since 1976 she has worked as an artist, especially as a sculptor.

In 1984, Pedretti received the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize for her text The modell and his painter and in 1996 the Marie Luise Kaschnitz Prize for her novel Engste Heimat.

title: Erica Pedretti


text:
Bahariya Oasis

Bahariya Oasis (الواحات البحرية, "the Northern Oases") is a depression and a naturally rich oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt. It is approximately 370 km away from Cairo. The roughly oval valley extends from northeast to southwest, has a length of 94 km, a maximum width of 42 km and covers an area of about 2000 km2.

The valley is surrounded by mountains and has numerous springs. Located in Giza Governorate, the main economic sectors are agriculture, iron ore mining, and tourism. The main agricultural products are guavas, mangos, dates, and olives.

Names
In Ancient Egypt, the oasis had two names. The name 'ḏsḏs' is first mentioned on a scarab dating back to the Middle Kingdom. In the New Kingdom, this name is rarely found, although it does appear for example in the Temple of Luxor and in the account of King Kamose, who occupied the oasis during the war against the Hyksos. From the 25th Dynasty it was almost the only name used. Another name wḥꜣt mḥtt ("the Northern Oasis") was almost exclusively used in the New Kingdom; it appears for instance on the local grave of Amenhotep, and is found again in the list of oasis in the Temple at Edfu.

From 45 CE, the depression was known in Latin as Oasis parva (Small Oasis). The Greek historian Strabo called it the "Second Oasis", and the 5th century CE historian Olympiodorus of Thebes called it "the Third Oasis".

In Coptic times, it was known as the "Oasis of Oxyrhynchus" (ϯⲟⲩⲁϩ `ⲙⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ Diwah Ēmbemdje) or Tast(s) (ⲧⲁⲥⲧ(ⲥ)), which is derived from Ancient Egyptian ḏsḏs. After the Islamization of Egypt, it was called the Oasis of Bahnasa, "Oasis of Oxyrhynchus".

The modern name is الواحات البحرية, al-Wāḥāt al-Baḥriyya meaning "the Northern Oasis”. The southern part of the depression around El Heiz apparently never had a separate name.

Towns
Bahariya consists of many villages, of which El Bawiti is the largest and the administrative center. Qasr is el-Bawiti's neighboring/twin village. To the east, about ten kilometers away are the villages of Mandishah and el-Zabu. A smaller village called el-'Aguz lies between El Bawiti and Mandishah. Harrah, the easternmost village, is a few kilometers east of Mandishah and el-Zabu. El Heiz, also called El-Hayez, is the southernmost village, but it may not always be considered as part of Bahariya because it is so far from the rest of the villages, about fifty kilometers south of El Bawiti. There is an oasis at El-Hayez where mummies have been found on which genetic studies have been conducted.

History
The depression has been populated since the neolithic, although archaeological evidence is not continuous. In El Heiz, a prehistoric settlement site of hunter-gatherers was found with remains of grindstones, arrowheads, scrapers, chisels, and ostrich eggshells. In Qārat el-Abyaḍ, a Czech team led by Miroslav Bárta discovered a settlement of the Old Kingdom. Rock inscriptions in el-Harrah and other records date to the Middle Kingdom and upwards. The tomb of Amenhotep called Huy was erected in Qarat Hilwah at the end of the 18th dynasty. In the 26th dynasty, the depression was culturally and economically flourishing. This can be learned from the chapels in 'Ain el-Muftilla, the tombs in Qārat Qasr Salim and Qarat esh-Sheikh Subi, and the site of Qasr 'Allam.

The Greco-Roman period was a time of prosperity. There is the ruin of a temple dedicated to Ammon by Alexander the Great located in Qasr el-Miqisba ('Ain et-Tibniya). It is believed by some Egyptologists that Alexander passed through Bahariya while returning from the oracle of Ammon at Siwa Oasis. Excavations of the Greco-Roman necropolis found in 1995 and known as the Valley of the Golden Mummies began in 1999. Approximately thirty-four tombs have been excavated from this area. In Roman times, a big military fort was erected at Qarat el-Toub.

In the spring of 2010, a Roman-era mummy was unearthed in a Bahariya Oasis cemetery in el-Harrah. The female mummy was 3 feet tall and covered with plaster decorated to resemble Roman dress and jewellery. In addition to the female mummy, archaeologists found clay and glass vessels, coins, anthropoid masks and fourteen Greco-Roman tombs. Director of Cairo and Giza Antiquities Mahmoud Affifi, the archaeologist who led the dig, said the tomb has a unique design with stairways and corridors, and could date to 300 BC. This find came as a result of excavation work for the construction of a youth center.

In 2019, archaeologists discovered 19 structures and a church carved into the bedrock from the fifth century CE. The church was decorated with religious inscriptions in Greek. In 2021, archaeologists discovered a complex with the ruins of three churches and monks cells date back to the fifth century CE.

During World War I, the Baharia Military Railway was built to provide access to the oasis. In the early 1970s, an asphalt road connecting Bahariya to Cairo was finished. With the new road came electricity, cars, television, phone lines, a more accessible route to Cairo, and, more recently, internet. The spread of people and ideas between Bahariya and Cairo has increased dramatically since the road was constructed. Also, the language of the Waḥātī people has changed under the influence of the Cairo dialect, as heard on television and in music.

People and culture
The people of the oasis, or the Waḥātī people (meaning "of the oasis" in Arabic), are the descendants of the ancient people who inhabited the oasis, ancient tribes with connection to western Egypt and eastern Libya, and the north coast, and other people from the Nile Valley who came to settle in the oasis.

The majority of Waḥātī people in Bahariya are Muslims. There are some mosques in Bahariya. The nature of social settings in the oasis is highly influenced by Islam.

Traditional music is very important to the Waḥātī people. Flutes, drums, and the simsimeyya (a harp-like instrument) are played at social gatherings, particularly at weddings. Traditional songs sung in rural style are passed down from generation to generation, and new songs are invented as well. Music from Cairo, the greater Middle East, and other parts of the world are now easily accessible to the people of the oasis.

Economy
Agriculture is still an important source of income, though now the iron ore industry close to Bahariya provides jobs for many Wahati people. Recently there has also been an increase in tourism to the oasis because of antiquities (tombs, mummies and other artifacts have been discovered there), and because of the beautiful surrounding deserts. Wahati and foreign guides lead adventure desert tours based out of Bahariya to the surrounding White and Black deserts, and sometimes to Siwa or the southern oases. Tourism is a new and important source of income for locals, and it has brought an international presence to the oasis.

Fossils
Carcharodontosaurus and Bahariasaurus (meaning "Bahariya lizard") dinosaurs have been found in the Bahariya Formation, which date to about 95 million years ago. Bahariasaurus was a huge theropod and was described by Ernst Stromer in 1934, however the type specimen was destroyed during World War II in 1944. In 2000, an American scientific team conducted by Joshua Smith found the remains of sauropod dinosaur, Paralititan stromeri.

The region between the Bahariya and Farafra depressions used to have volcanic activity during the Jurassic Period. In addition, the landscape contains some hills made of barite or calcite crystals, and also golden limestone boulders which became a sanctuary for species, such as white foxes, gazelles and rams.

In June 2022, paleontologists reported the discovery of a 98-million-year-old type of Spinosaurus in Bahariya Oasis, which was around 20 ft in length and initially found in 2016.

title: Bahariya Oasis