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Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a family of proteins involved in a number of cellular processes such as DNA repair, genomic stability, and programmed cell death.

Members of PARP family
The PARP family comprises 17 members (10 putative). They vary greatly in structure and function within the cell.

 * PARP1, PARP2, VPARP (PARP4), Tankyrase-1 and -2 (PARP-5a or TNKS, and PARP-5b or TNKS2) have a confirmed PARP activity.
 * Others include PARP3,, TIPARP (or "PARP7"), PARP8, , PARP10, , PARP12, , , and PARP16.

Structure
PARP is composed of four domains of interest: a DNA-binding domain, a caspase-cleaved domain (see below), an auto-modification domain, and a catalytic domain. The DNA-binding domain is composed of two zinc finger motifs. In the presence of damaged DNA (base pair-excised), the DNA-binding domain will bind the DNA and induce a conformational shift. It has been shown that this binding occurs independent of the other domains. This is integral in a programmed cell death model based on caspase cleavage inhibition of PARP. The auto-modification domain is responsible for releasing the protein from the DNA after catalysis. Also, it plays an integral role in cleavage-induced inactivation.

Functions
The main role of PARP (found in the cell nucleus) is to detect and initiate an immediate cellular response to metabolic, chemical, or radiation-induced single-strand DNA breaks (SSB) by signaling the enzymatic machinery involved in the SSB repair.

Once PARP detects a SSB, it binds to the DNA, undergoes a structural change, and begins the synthesis of a polymeric adenosine diphosphate ribose (poly (ADP-ribose) or PAR) chain, which acts as a signal for the other DNA-repairing enzymes. Target enzymes include DNA ligase III (LigIII), DNA polymerase beta (polβ), and scaffolding proteins such as X-ray cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1). After repairing, the PAR chains are degraded via Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG).

NAD+ is required as substrate for generating ADP-ribose monomers. It has been thought that overactivation of PARP may deplete the stores of cellular NAD+ and induce a progressive ATP depletion and necrotic cell death, since glucose oxidation is inhibited. But more recently it was suggested that inhibition of hexokinase activity leads to defects in glycolysis (Andrabi, PNAS 2014). Basal PARP activity also regulates basal bioenergetics. Note below that PARP is inactivated by caspase-3 cleavage during programmed cell death.

PARP enzymes are essential in a number of cellular functions, including expression of inflammatory genes: PARP1 is required for the induction of ICAM-1 gene expression by cardiac myocytes and smooth muscle cells, in response to TNF.

Activity
The catalytic domain is responsible for Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerization. This domain has a highly conserved motif that is common to all members of the PARP family. PAR polymer can reach lengths of up to 200 nucleotides before inducing apoptotic processes. The formation of PAR polymer is similar to the formation of DNA polymer from nucleoside triphosphates. Normal DNA synthesis requires that a pyrophosphate act as the leaving group, leaving a single phosphate group linking deoxyribose sugars. PAR is synthesized using nicotinamide (NAM) as the leaving group. This leaves a pyrophosphate as the linking group between ribose sugars rather than single phosphate groups. This creates some special bulk to a PAR bridge, which may have an additional role in cell signaling.

Role in repairing DNA nicks
One important function of PARP is assisting in the repair of single-strand DNA nicks. It binds sites with single-strand breaks through its N-terminal zinc fingers and will recruit XRCC1, DNA ligase III, DNA polymerase beta, and a kinase to the nick. This is called base excision repair (BER). PARP-2 has been shown to oligomerize with PARP-1 and, therefore, is also implicated in BER. The oligomerization has also been shown to stimulate PARP catalytic activity. PARP-1 is also known for its role in transcription through remodeling of chromatin by PARylating histones and relaxing chromatin structure, thus allowing transcription complex to access genes.

PARP-1 and PARP-2 are activated by DNA single-strand breaks, and both PARP-1 and PARP-2 knockout mice have severe deficiencies in DNA repair, and increased sensitivity to alkylating agents or ionizing radiation.

PARP activity and lifespan
PARP activity (which is mainly due to PARP1) measured in the permeabilized mononuclear leukocyte blood cells of thirteen mammalian species (rat, guinea pig, rabbit, marmoset, sheep, pig, cattle, pigmy chimpanzee, horse, donkey, gorilla, elephant and man) correlates with maximum lifespan of the species. The difference in activity between the longest-lived (humans) and shortest-lived (rat) species tested was 5-fold. Although the enzyme kinetics (unimolecular rate constant (kcat), Km and kcat/km) of the two enzymes were not significantly different, human PARP-1 was found to have a two-fold higher specific automodification capacity than the rat enzyme, which the authors posited could account, in part, for the higher PARP activity in humans than rats. Lymphoblastoid cell lines established from blood samples of humans who were centenarians (100 years old or older) have significantly higher PARP activity than cell lines from younger (20 to 70 years old) individuals, again indicating a linkage between longevity and repair capability.

These findings suggest that PARP-mediated DNA repair capability contributes to mammalian longevity. Thus, these findings support the DNA damage theory of aging, which assumes that un-repaired DNA damage is the underlying cause of aging, and that DNA repair capability contributes to longevity.

Role of tankyrases
The tankyrases (TNKs) are PARPs that comprise ankyrin repeats, an oligomerization domain (SAM), and a PARP catalytic domain (PCD). Tankyrases are also known as PARP-5a and PARP-5b. They were named for their interaction with the telomere-associated TERF1 proteins and ankyrin repeats. They may allow the removal of telomerase-inhibiting complexes from chromosome ends to allow for telomere maintenance. Through their SAM domain and ANKs, they can oligomerize and interact with many other proteins, such as TRF1, TAB182 (TNKS1BP1), GRB14, IRAP, NuMa, EBNA-1, and Mcl-1. They have multiple roles in the cell, like vesicular trafficking through its interaction in GLUT4 vesicles with insulin-responsive aminopeptidase (IRAP). It also plays a role in mitotic spindle assembly through its interaction with nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1 (NuMa), therefore allowing the necessary bipolar orientation. In the absence of TNKs, mitosis arrest is observed in pre-anaphase through Mad2 spindle checkpoint. TNKs can also PARsylate Mcl-1L and Mcl-1S and inhibit both their pro- and anti-apoptotic function; relevance of this is not yet known.

Role in cell death
PARP can be activated in cells experiencing stress and/or DNA damage. Activated PARP can deplete the cell of ATP in an attempt to repair the damaged DNA. ATP depletion in a cell leads to lysis and cell death (necrosis). PARP also has the ability to induce programmed cell death, via the production of PAR, which stimulates mitochondria to release AIF. This mechanism appears to be caspase-independent. Cleavage of PARP, by enzymes such as caspases or cathepsins, typically inactivates PARP. The size of the cleavage fragments can give insight into which enzyme was responsible for the cleavage and can be useful in determining which cell death pathway has been activated.

Role in epigenetic DNA modification
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) induces PAR accumulation. ADP-ribose polymers, either free or PARP1 bound, are able to inhibit DNA methyltransferase activity at CpG sites. Thus, CTCF is involved in the cross-talk between poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and DNA methylation, an important epigenetic regulatory factor.

Therapeutic inhibition
A substantial body of preclinical and clinical data has accumulated with PARP inhibitors in various forms of cancer. In this context, the role of PARP in single-strand DNA break repair is relevant, leading to replication-associated lesions that cannot be repaired if homologous recombination repair (HRR) is defective, and leading to the synthetic lethality of PARP inhibitors in HRR-defective cancer. HRR defects are classically associated with BRCA1 and 2 mutations associated with familial breast and ovarian cancer, but there may be many other causes of HRR defects. Thus, PARP inhibitors of various types (e.g. olaparib) for BRCA mutant breast and ovarian cancers can extend beyond these tumors if appropriate biomarkers can be developed to identify HRR defects. There are several additional classes of novel PARP inhibitors that are in various stages of clinical development.

Another substantial body of data relates to the role of PARP in selected non-oncologic indications. In a number of severe, acute diseases (such as stroke, neurotrauma, circulatory shock, and acute myocardial infarction), PARP inhibitors exert therapeutic benefit (e.g. reduction of infarct size or improvement of organ function). There are also observational data demonstrating PARP activation in human tissue samples. In these disease indications, PARP overactivation due to oxidative and nitrative stress drives cell necrosis and pro-inflammatory gene expression, which contributes to disease pathology. As the clinical trials with PARP inhibitors in various forms of cancer progress, it is hoped that a second line of clinical investigations, aimed at testing of PARP inhibitors for various non-oncologic indications, will be initiated, in a process called "therapeutic repurposing".

Inactivation
PARP is inactivated by caspase cleavage. It is believed that normal inactivation occurs in systems where DNA damage is extensive. In these cases, more energy would be invested in repairing damage than is feasible, so that energy is instead retrieved for other cells in the tissue through programmed cell death. Besides degradation, there is recent evidence about reversible downregulation mechanisms for PARP, among these an "autoregulatory loop", which is driven by PARP1 itself and modulated by the YY1 transcription factor.

While in vitro cleavage by caspase occurs throughout the caspase family, preliminary data suggest that caspase-3 and caspase-7 are responsible for in vivo cleavage. Cleavage occurs at aspartic acid 214 and glycine 215, separating PARP into a 24 kDa and 89 kDa segment. The smaller moiety includes the zinc finger motif requisite in DNA binding. The 89 kDa fragment includes the auto-modification domain and catalytic domain. The putative mechanism of PCD activation via PARP inactivation relies on the separation of the DNA-binding region and the auto-modification domain. The DNA-binding region is capable of doing so independent of the rest of the protein, cleaved or not. It is unable, however, to dissociate without the auto-modification domain. In this way, the DNA-binding domain will attach to a damaged site and be unable to effect repair, as it no longer has the catalytic domain. The DNA-binding domain prevents other, non-cleaved PARP from accessing the damaged site and initiating repairs. This model suggests that this "sugar plug" can also begin the signal for apoptosis.

Plant PARPs
Roles of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in plant responses to DNA damage, infection, and other stresses have been studied. Plant PARP1 is very similar to animal PARP1, but intriguingly, in Arabidopsis thaliana and presumably other plants, PARP2 plays more significant roles than PARP1 in protective responses to DNA damage and bacterial pathogenesis. The plant PARP2 carries PARP regulatory and catalytic domains with only intermediate similarity to PARP1, and it carries N-terminal SAP DNA binding motifs rather than the zinc finger DNA binding motifs of plant and animal PARP1 proteins.

title: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase


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User:RexGeet

fr:Utilisateur:RexGeet

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:RexGeet


text: User:David Newton/New Format Ship Tables/Rover class tanker


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Illinois Community College System

The Illinois Community College System consists of 39 public community college districts, composed of 48 community colleges and one multi-college center (East St. Louis Community College Center) where 3 of the community colleges offer additional classes. Thirty-seven of the districts have a single college; two districts (City Colleges of Chicago, comprising seven colleges, and Illinois Eastern Community Colleges, comprising four colleges) are multicollege. Since July 1990, the entire state has been included within community college district boundaries.

History
Illinois has played a prominent role in the development of the community and junior college movement in the United States. Joliet Junior College, established in 1901, was the first public junior college in the nation. It was the brain child of William Rainey Harper, president of the University of Chicago, and J. Stanley Brown, the superintendent of Joliet Township High School. The college's initial enrollment was six students.

Brown and Harper's innovation was designed to serve students who desired to remain within the community and still pursue a college education. Within a few years, the concept had grown to include students outside the existing high school district. By December 1902, the board of trustees officially sanctioned the program and made post-high school courses available tuition-free. In 1916, the post-high school program was formally named "Joliet Junior College." The next year, the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools accredited the college, and the State Examining Board approved selected courses for teacher certification. Enrollment at the time numbered 82 students.

In 1931, Illinois adopted its first junior college legislation, which permitted the Chicago Board of Education to establish, manage, and provide for the maintenance of one junior college offering two years of college work beyond the high school level as part of the public school system of the city.

The first Junior College Act became law on July 1, 1937, and provided for the development of the junior college system as a part of the public school system. That act neither provided for charging tuition nor specified that the education was to be provided without charge to the students. In 1943 the Illinois General Assembly enacted legislation to allow referendums to establish tax rates for both education and building funds to support junior college operations. In 1951 legislation was adopted which set forth standards and procedures for establishing junior colleges. This legislation also repealed the prior law which had allowed the board of education in districts with population in excess of 25,000 to establish a junior college by resolution. In 1959 separate junior college districts were authorized by allowing any compact and contiguous territory to be organized as a junior college district with an elected board of education with authority to maintain and operate the college and levy taxes for its operation.

State funding for junior college operations was first appropriated in 1955. Seven new public junior colleges were established in Illinois between 1955 and 1962, bringing the total to 18. Rock Island, Moline, and East Moline joined to form Black Hawk College in 1961, the first junior college created separate from a common school district.

In 1961, the General Assembly created the Illinois Board of Higher Education to conduct comprehensive studies on higher education needs; develop information systems; approve new units of instruction, research, or public service in all public colleges and universities; review budgets of public colleges and universities, and make recommendations to the governor and General Assembly; approve capital improvements; conduct surveys and evaluation of higher education; and prepare "a master plan for the development, expansion, integration, coordination, and efficient utilization of the facilities, curricula, and standards of higher education in the areas of teaching, research, and public service." Although junior colleges were under the jurisdiction of the superintendent of public instruction at this time, the enabling legislation for the Illinois Board of Higher Education charged the board, in developing " a master plan of higher education" to "give consideration to the problems and attitudes of junior colleges...as they relate to the overall policies and problems of higher education."

Based upon the higher education master plan, the Junior College Act of 1965 was enacted, providing the foundation for the present system of public community colleges in Illinois. The act removed the junior colleges from the common school system and placed them under the jurisdiction of the Illinois Board of Higher Education. It provided for establishment of a system of locally initiated and administered comprehensive Class I junior college districts; required that all junior colleges operating in school districts where separate tax levies had been established for the college become separate junior colleges, classified as Class II districts and established procedures for converting Class II districts to Class I districts. School districts operating a junior college without a separate tax could continue to maintain the program as grades 13 and 14. The act allowed creation of junior college districts with locally elected boards. The local districts were coordinated and regulated by a new Illinois Junior College Board, which in turn reported to the Illinois Board of Higher Education, as did the governing boards of the other public colleges and universities. The act provided for local-state sharing of capital funding, acquisition of sites, operational funding, and annexations and disconnections of territory. State and local financial support for junior colleges became an obligation of all Illinois residents, whether they resided within the boundaries of a junior college district or not.

On July 15, 1965, the Junior College Act became effective; and on August 1 the school boards of districts operating junior colleges with separate educational and building rates became the boards of the newly constituted Class II districts. Also in August 1965 governor Otto Kerner, Jr. appointed nine members of the first Illinois Junior College Board.

In 1973, the term "junior college" was changed to "community college" by statute, but one college (Joliet Junior College) in the system has retained the term "junior" in its name.

Community college district numbers are given for each district. Some colleges were established by school districts prior to being organized as college districts. Two are no longer functional.

Governance
The Illinois community college system has a three-tier governance system. Each community college district has a locally elected board of trustees, with the exception of City Colleges of Chicago, whose local board is appointed by the mayor of Chicago. The Illinois Community College Board (ICCB) is the state coordinating board for community colleges. The Illinois Board of Higher Education is the administrative agency with responsibility for overseeing all higher education in Illinois.

Illinois Community College Board
The ICCB consists of 11 members appointed by the Illinois governor, and one nonvoting member selected by the Student Advisory Committee. Board members are appointed at large for six-year terms. The chair is appointed by the governor and the vice chair is elected by board members. The ICCB meets six to eight times a year. The members of the board must be citizens and residents of the state of Illinois. Members of the board cannot receives a regular salary from public funds and cannot hold current membership on a school board or a board of trustees of a public or nonpublic college, university, or technical institute.

The role of the ICCB is to administer the Public Community College Act. Its duties and responsibilities include:
 * developing procedures to maximize freedom of transfer among community colleges and between community colleges and degree-granting institutions
 * conducting feasibility studies for new community colleges
 * approving all locally funded capital projects
 * determining standards for community colleges for instruction and teaching, curriculum, library, operation, maintenance, administration, and supervision
 * approving or disapproving new units of instruction, research, and public service

Illinois Board of Higher Education
The Illinois Board of Higher Education is the administrative agency with responsibility for all higher education sectors in Illinois. As such, it approves the instructional programs, capital projects, and systemwide operating and capital budgets for the public community college system after action by the ICCB. In addition, the Illinois Board of Higher Education periodically reviews all existing programs at community colleges and universities and advises the appropriate board when such programs are not academically and economically justified.

Finance
Illinois community colleges receive funding from three major sources: local property taxes, student tuition and fees, and state appropriations. By statute, each local community college board of trustees may set tuition rates for its indistrict residents including variable rates for each of its programs, terms, time of enrollment, courses, delivery method, or other identifiable grouping of courses as long as the weighted average of the tuition for all credit courses including adult education is no more than 1/3 the college district's per capita cost. The method of calculating the per capita cost is as prescribed in Section 6-2 of the Illinois Community College Act. Community colleges also receive revenue from a variety of other federal, state, and local sources. For example, the Illinois State Board of Education distributes grants for adult education and vocational education in support of specific instructional programs.

Programs
Illinois community colleges offer approximately 3,500 associate degrees and certificates in a variety of programs, including:
 * the first two years of work toward a bachelor's degree to prepare students to transfer to four-year colleges and universities
 * remedial/developmental education for individuals needing basic education skills in order to seek employment or pursue further education
 * occupational education from among 240 specialties for employment training or retraining.

All programs offered within the community college system must be approved by the ICCB and Illinois Board of Higher Education on the basis of need, quality, and cost. Every community college evaluate each of its existing education programs and services on a five-year cycle to ensure that the programs continue to be justified on the basis of need, quality, and cost.

Transfer degrees meet Illinois models for the specific programs and use a common general education core and numerous major-specific courses that are transferable to all public higher education institutions in the state. Occupational degrees are designed to meet the criteria for excellence established by the National Council for Occupational Education of the American Association of Community Colleges.

title: Illinois Community College System


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Snapping

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - merged - SimonP 14:22, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Snapping
non notable 198.214.51.1 20:07, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge - It is notable, but not enough for its own article, merge with Snapping (book) -CunningLinguist 22:25, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per CunningLinquist --Xcali 23:57, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per CunningLinguist -- Un  focused  04:07, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per CunningLinguist UkPaolo 16:38, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Herndon Monument

The Herndon Monument on the grounds of the U.S. Naval Academy is a 21 ft grey granite obelisk. It was erected in memory of Captain William Lewis Herndon, who died during the sinking of his ship, SS Central America, on September 12, 1857 while helping to evacuate passengers and crew. All women and children and many of the men aboard were saved by a nearby ship during the storm.

Description
The monument is a 400 x granite obelisk presented to the Academy by the class of 1860. The sculptor is unknown.

Inscriptions
On the monument's base, facing the Naval Academy Chapel, is a plaque:

"Commander William Lewis Herndon 1818-1857 Naval Officer - Explorer - Merchant Captain

In command of the Central America, home-bound with California gold seekers, Captain Herndon lost his life in a gallant effort to save ship and lives during a cyclone off Hatteras, September 12, 1857.

"Forgetful of self, in his death he added a new glory to the annals of the sea" - Maury"

Maury is Matthew Fontaine Maury, Herndon's co-worker (from 1842 to 1846), brother-in-law, and cousin.

To the right on the obelisk from the plaque, in raised block letters, is "HERNDON.". On the opposite side of the obelisk, also in raised letters, is "September 12, 1857.".

Ship's bell
Central America′s ship's bell — discovered in her wreck in 1988 and donated to the Naval Academy as a gift in August 2021 — was positioned next to the monument and was dedicated in a ceremony on May 23, 2022.

Herndon Monument Climb
The monument is the site of the annual Herndon Monument Climb, known colloquially as the "plebes-no-more" ceremony. First-year students at the academy, known as plebes or freshmen, are expected to work together to scale the monument, with the goal of replacing a plebe "dixie-cup hat" on top with an upperclassman combination cover. Prior to the climb, the monument is normally greased by upperclassmen with as much as 50 pounds of vegetable shortening, though some years have opted for no grease. This campus tradition marks the official end of the plebe year.

It is a Naval Academy tradition that the midshipman who replaces the dixie cup hat will be given the Superintendent's combination cover or shoulder boards. Legend says that he or she will be the first of his or her class to make Flag Rank, although in reality, this has not yet occurred.

The academy began recording times in 1959. In 1962 Midshipman 4th Class Ed Linz scaled the monument with the aid of a cargo net. Using such devices is now banned.

The record was set in 1969 when Midshipman Larry Fanning made the climb in 1 minute and 30 seconds. However, the monument was not greased.

Midshipman 4th Class Michael J. Maynard of the Class of 1975 scaled the monument in 20 minutes in 1972, believed to be the fastest time since the tradition of greasing the monument began.

Before the 2010 Herndon Monument climb, Superintendent Vice Admiral Jeffrey Fowler publicly indicated dissatisfaction that year with the risk of injury associated with the climbing tradition. Vice Adm. Fowler ordered the Brigade of Midshipmen not to slather the monument with lard "to improve the safety of the event". However, his successor, Vice Admiral Michael Miller, reinstated the tradition in 2011, citing that "[c]onducting the ceremonial climb in the same manner as so many previous classes helps to instill spirit and camaraderie among plebes and better links them to the many classes that have gone before them. The Herndon Monument climb serves as a useful event in reinforcing teamwork, organization and leadership."

title: Herndon Monument


text:
Talk:Petrea Burchard

Untitled
Petrea Burchard rocks!!!!!!!

Articles for Deletion debate
This article survived an Articles for Deletion debate. The discussion can be found here. -Splash talk 18:55, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Petrea Burchard


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tal Brooke

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. Postdlf 23:35, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Tal Brooke
non notable 198.214.51.1 20:11, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Comment I got 4,120 google hits for "tal brooke", down to 479 hits for "tal brook" "Spiritual Counterfeits Project". No vote. func (talk) 21:22, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable enough to keep. This is in a series of articles nominated by 198.214.51.1 to be deleted that have to do with discrediting the work of Sathya Sai Baba. -CunningLinguist 22:40, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable enough theologist and published author with strong POV (since when have published theologists ever had anything less than a strong POV).  Hopefully we can keep the article itself NPOV.  -- Un  focused  04:05, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * keep both Tal Brooke and the Spiritual Counterfeits Projects are notable Christian Counter cult publishers though they do not have a strong presence on the internet. Andries 09:24, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - ideosyncratic Sai Baba critic. I first heard about him when i was in India in '82, someone suggested to me his book Lord of the Air . M Alan Kazlev 10:55, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep-per above Falphin 12:58, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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1919 in Swedish football

The 1919 season in Swedish football, starting January 1919 and ending December 1919:

Svenska Mästerskapet 1919

 * Final

Kamratmästerskapen 1919

 * Final

National team results
🇸🇪 Sweden: Frithiof Rudén - Ragnar Wicksell, Einar Hemming - Gustaf Carlson, Bruno Lindström, Thore Sundberg - Rune Bergström, Rudolf Kock, Helmer Svedberg, Sten Söderberg, Carl Karlstrand.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Robert Zander - Albert Andersson, Valdus Lund - Gustaf Carlson, Sven Friberg, Ivar Klingström - Erik Eiserman, Herbert Karlsson, Erik Börjesson, Erik Hjelm, Mauritz Sandberg.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sven Rylander - Albert Andersson, Erik Lillienberg - Carl Ohlsson, Sven Friberg, Ivar Klingström - Erik Eiserman, Sjunne Hallberg, Herbert Karlsson, Erik Hjelm, Mauritz Sandberg.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Frithiof Rudén - Theodor Malm, Ragnar Wicksell - Oskar Berndtsson, Bruno Lindström, Einar Hemming - Rune Bergström, Herbert Karlsson, Karl Gustafsson, Helge Ekroth, Thore Sundberg.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Robert Zander - Albert Andersson, Henning Svensson - Gustaf Carlson, Ragnar Wicksell, Axel Corall - Rune Bergström, Herbert Karlsson, Helmer Svedberg, Erik Hjelm, Mauritz Sandberg.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Robert Zander - Albert Andersson, Henning Svensson - Gustaf Carlson, Ragnar Wicksell, Axel Corall - Rune Bergström, Herbert Karlsson, Helmer Svedberg, Erik Hjelm, Mauritz Sandberg.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Erik Hillerström - Theodor Malm, Gösta Wihlborg - Bruno Lindström, Emanuel Samuelsson, Axel Corall - Rune Bergström, Rudolf Kock, David Jonason, Albin Dahl (87' Ivar Carleson), Bror Arontzon.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Robert Zander - Valdus Lund, Henning Svensson - Carl Ohlsson, Konrad Törnqvist, Nils Karlsson - Rune Wenzel, Albert Olsson, Herbert Karlsson, Joel Björkman, Mauritz Sandberg.

title: 1919 in Swedish football


text: Template:Burnout series

title: Template:Burnout series


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The Sunday Correspondent

The Sunday Correspondent was a British weekly national broadsheet newspaper. The newspaper first appeared on 17 September 1989; the title ceased publication with the last issue on 25 November 1990. It was edited by Peter Cole for most of its existence. Cole later entered academia.

Launch
On launching, the paper billed itself as the first new quality Sunday title for 28 years (since the launch of The Sunday Telegraph in 1961). The Chicago-based Tribune Company, publishers of the Chicago Tribune newspaper, were one of the investors in the new venture. Others included the Prudential Group and Rothschild Ventures, among other banking and financial institutions.

Interviewed in July 1989 by The Glasgow Herald, chief executive Nick Shott said the new title was to be aimed at younger readers of The Guardian and The Independent, market research having suggested a potential readership existed there, but he also anticipated picking up interest from purchasers of the middle market titles. The newspaper was planned as having only two sections and a colour supplement. By this time, the imminent launch of The Independent on Sunday was public knowledge, and Shott himself did not think both titles could survive. At around this time, in the summer of 1989, talks took place between the holding companies of both newspapers, but failed because while the Sunday Correspondent Ltd were interested in a joint venture, Newspaper Publishing PLC wanted to buy its imminent competitor.

Crisis and closure
In March 1990, in a refinancing arrangement, the Tribune Company of Chicago doubled its shareholding to a 17.7% holding, and invested $2.9 million, making it the largest shareholder. Guardian and Manchester Evening News P.L.C., then without a national Sunday title, also became involved acquiring a 16.6% stake and gave the struggling company a substantial loan. The company had said the paper's break-even point was a circulation of 350,000, but the title was then selling only 220,000 copies.

By the time it ceased publication just over a year after its launch, it had been relaunched as Britain's first quality tabloid. In this form, from the issue published on 20 August 1990 onwards, it had a new editor, John Bryant. Underfunding and the launch of the IoS in January 1990 were factors in its demise, as well as the lack of a daily equivalent to help spread production costs. The IoS was also in competition with The Sunday Correspondent for the same sources of potential investment.

Legacy
Journalists Jonathan Freedland and Luke Harding of The Guardian, Ian Katz of Channel 4, ITV News's political editor Robert Peston and art critic Andrew Graham-Dixon all started their national careers on the title. Other prominent journalists on the staff were Henry Porter, who edited the magazine, Donald Macintyre formerly of The Independent, feature editor Mick Brown, foreign correspondent David Blundy and Catherine Bennett.

One of the features in the paper was Pass Notes, which was taken up by The Guardian in 1992, where it remains as of February 2022.

title: The Sunday Correspondent


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St Joseph's Catholic and Anglican High School

St Joseph's Catholic and Anglican High School (Ysgol Uwchradd Gatholig ac Anglicanaidd Sant Joseff) is a secondary school in Wrexham, Wales, located on Sontley Road and situated on the edge of the Erddig estate. The school is opposite the Bishop of Wrexham's residence. It is currently the only shared Church school in Wales. The two Bishops of the Catholic Diocese of Wrexham and the Anglican Church in Wales Diocese of St. Asaph have a shared responsibility for the school.

History
St Joseph's was opened in 1958 as St Joseph's Catholic Secondary Modern School. Headmaster - Mr Martin Cleary. In 1972 St Joseph's became a Comprehensive High School. It joined up with the Anglican church in 2006.

Originally there were three forms, or 'houses': Bishops, Abbots and Gwyns (named for the martyr St Richard Gwyn). Eventually these were renamed and expanded and for many years there were four forms: Hannon, Mostyn, Petit and Vaughan. Each was named after a Bishop of Menevia.

When the school gained joint church school status, the pupils were asked to vote for the new form names, based on contemporary religious icons. The following five names were chosen: Romero (after Óscar Romero), Cassidy (after Sheila Cassidy), Devereux (after Sean Devereux), Kolbe (after Maximilian Kolbe), King (after Martin Luther King Jr.).

In 2006 St Joseph's became a joint Anglican-Catholic school. The school has never been exclusively Catholic and has always (at least as far back as 1978) admitted non-Catholic students - mainly Anglicans.

The whole school Eucharists alternate between the two traditions.

The current headteacher is Mr Christopher Wilkinson. He was preceded by Mrs Maria B. Rimmer, the school's first female Headteacher (January 2010 - August 2016).

Academics
The school introduces some new topics that are different from primary school such as French, German, Drama, and various technology subjects.

An official Welsh Assembly government inspection in spring 2008 awarded the school the maximum grading possible: seven grade ones. A 2020 Estyn report praised the school for ensuring "no pupil is left behind", rating all areas of performance at the school as either "good" or "excellent"; following a school inspection in February 2020.

Controversies
In December 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the school was accused of denying entry to pupils exempt from wearing face masks, mainly affecting disabled pupils; and criticised later for separating those exempt from wearing a face mask, with pupils that do wear face masks into a separate bubbles. The school responded stating they are following Welsh Government guidance and implementing the necessary procedures to keep pupils safe.


text:
Dress You Up

"Dress You Up" is a song by American singer Madonna from her second studio album, Like a Virgin (1984). It was released as the album's final single on July 24, 1985, by Sire Records. Composed by Andrea LaRusso with lyrics by Peggy Stanziale, and produced by Nile Rodgers, who also played guitar on the track, it was the final song to be added to the album. Rodgers had asked the writers to compose something similar to the work of his band Chic but, due to LaRusso and Stanziale being busy with other projects, the composition took time. When the lyrics were submitted, the producer initially rejected them, as he felt there was no time to compose a melody; Madonna, however, liked the lyrics and convinced him to include the song on Like a Virgin. Musically, "Dress You Up" is a dance-pop song whose lyrics are an extended metaphor for fashion and lust, comparing dressing up with passion.

Upon release, the song was positively received by music critics, with some deeming it "irresistible"; in retrospective reviews, it is now considered one of Madonna's best singles. Despite positive feedback, "Dress You Up" was added to the Parents Music Resource Center's "Filthy Fifteen" list due to the sexual innuendo on its lyrics. It fared well commercially, becoming the singer's sixth consecutive top-five single in the United States' Billboard Hot 100. Overseas, it peaked within the top ten in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. "Dress You Up" has been included in four of Madonna's concert tours, the last being 2015–2016's Rebel Heart Tour; the performance from the Virgin Tour (1985) was released as music video to promote its home video release. "Dress You Up" was used in a 1999 Gap TV spot, and covered by the cast of Glee in 2013.

Background and release
Following the release of her 1983 self-titled debut album, Madonna became, according to author Craig Rosen, "one of the most exciting new artists of the 1980s". For her second studio album, Like a Virgin (1984), the singer attempted to become one of its primary producers, feeling the need to control the various aspects of her music; she believed that depending on a particular producer for an album was not something that suited or benefitted her. She opted to work with Nile Rodgers because of his work as a member of band Chic, and on David Bowie's Let's Dance (1983). She commented, "when I was making the record, I was just so thrilled and happy to be working with Nile Rodgers. I idolized Nile because of the whole Chic thing. I couldn't believe that the record company gave me the money so that I could work with him".

"Dress You Up" was the final song to be recorded for Like a Virgin; Rodgers had previously asked songwriters Andrea LaRusso and Peggy Stanziale to write a song for Madonna in the style of Chic but, due to other projects, the composition took time. When the lyrics of the song were submitted, Rodgers turned them down as he felt there was no time to compose a melody and record it for the album; however, Madonna liked the lyrics and persuaded the producer to include the song on Like a Virgin. "Dress You Up" was officially released as the final single from Like a Virgin on July 24, 1985; years later, it was included on Madonna's third compilation album, Celebration (2009).

Composition and controversy
Musically, "Dress You Up" is a "drum machine-driven" dance-pop song, consisting of a two-chord verse. Personnel included Rodgers on guitars, Jimmy Bralower on drums, and Rob Sabino played piano and was in charge of the synthesizers. According to the sheet music published by Alfred Publishing Inc., "Dress You Up" is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 136 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of C minor, with Madonna's vocals ranging from a low-note of B♭3, to a high-note of F♯5; "Dress You Up" has a basic sequence of Cm–B♭–G7 in the verses, and A♭–B♭–Cm–Cm/G in the refrain as its chord progression. The lyrics of the song are a metaphor for fashion and sex; Madonna sings about clothes she would like to drape over her lover, so that she can cover him with "velvet kisses", and caress his body with her hands. According to Rikky Rooksby, author of Madonna: The Complete Guide to Her Music, the line "I'll create a look that's made for you", would go on to become synonymous with Madonna's re-invention of her image throughout her career.

In the summer of 1985, a committee known as the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) included "Dress You Up" on its "Filthy Fifteen" list, which compiled fifteen songs by multiple artists, considered to be the "most offensive" of the time". One of the committee's founders was Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" Gore, who said that "popular culture is morally bankrupt, flagrantly licentious and utterly materialistic ― and Madonna is the worst of all". Gore had allegedly heard her daughter listen to the song, and found the refrain an example of "vulgar music". The PMRC called upon the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) to give parents "consumer-friendly means" of identifying songs "unsuitable for minors", which resulted in a rating system based on lyrical content; in the case of "Dress You Up", it was given an "S" for "sex and obscenity".

Critical reception
Upon release, "Dress You Up" was well received by critics. Billboard's Nancy Erlich felt the singer sounded "pert, saucy, [and] eager to please" on the track. For Cash Box, it's "characteristic Madonna, with a bubbling groove and an irresistible chorus and hook". From AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine named it, alongside "Angel", an example of "excellent standard-issue dance-pop". On Slant Magazine's review of Like a Virgin, Sal Cinquemani referred to "Dress You Up" as irresistible; Mandalit Del Barco from The Spokesman-Review deemed it a "groovy, albeit repetitive, ditty". Santiago Fouz-Hernández and Freya Jarman-Ivens, authors of Madonna's Drowned Worlds: New Approaches to Her Cultural Transformations, compared the singer to a "sex-kitten" in the song. William McKeen praised its melody for being "insistently chugging". Caroline Sullivan from The Guardian, opined that it was the artist's first attempt at a teenage persona. For the staff of Pitchfork, "Dress You Up" revisits the "effervescent electro-pop" sound of Madonna's debut album, "with a little more polish". One negative review came from Entertainment Weekly's Dave Karger, who felt the song came off as repetitive and immature.

Retrospective reviews have also been positive. In 2003, when fans were asked to vote for the Top 20 Madonna singles of all time by Q magazine, "Dress You Up" was allocated the eighth spot. On his ranking of Like a Virgin's songs, Chuck Arnold from Billboard placed it in the third position: "[it] completely captures [Madonna] in the process of becoming a sex-positive icon. For a song that [she] didn’t have a hand in writing [...] ['Dress You Up'] sounds so much like her. Or at least the Madonna she was back in 1984". In another occasion, Arnold named it a "throbbing come-on impossible to resist". While reviewing the songs from the "Filthy Fifteen" in 2015, Rolling Stone's Kory Grow said that "Dress You Up" was "largely innocuous by Madonna standards". Similarly, Matthew Jacobs from HuffPost added that, despite its inclusion on the list, "['Dress You Up']'s quite mild and quite fun"; he placed the song at number 39 of his ranking of Madonna's singles. It came in at the same spot on Gay Star News' ranking, where Joe Morgan called it "her sexiest song that manages to appeal to both men and women of all sexualities".

Ed Masley from The Arizona Republic named the track Madonna's 15th best, highlighting its "girlish charm that does its best to fool you into thinking there’s no sexual innuendo to be found". For The Guardian's Jude Rogers, "its mentions of velvet kisses over a body are gently diverting", and it is Madonna's 51st best single. Louis Virtel, writing for The Backlot, named "Dress You Up" the 38th best song of the singer's discography, referring to it as "silly and a little scandalous [...] it's perfect". It was named the singer's 21st finest single by The Tab's Harrison Brocklehurst, who singled out its "great hooky lyric", and deemed it a standout from Like a Virgin. "Dress You Up" was considered Madonna's 15th best track by the staff of Rolling Stone, who added that it became a "style anthem for a generation of young wannabe's". Billboard's Andrew Unterberger applauded its "knockout chorus, infectious synth line and exceptionally placed Owww backing vocals"; he named it the singer's 33rd best single.

Commercial performance
On August 10, 1985, Billboard reported that "Dress You Up" was one of the most added songs to radio stations; this caused it to debut at number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100. By September 21, the single had given Madonna her seventh consecutive top-ten hit, thus she became the fourth female artist with the most consecutive top-ten singles at the time, behind only Brenda Lee, Aretha Franklin, Connie Francis, and Donna Summer. "Dress You Up" was also the fourth single from Like a Virgin to peak within the Hot 100's top ten, making it, at the time, the second album by a female to generate four top-ten singles, the other being Cyndi Lauper's She's So Unusual (1983). Ultimately, the single peaked at number five and was Madonna's sixth consecutive top-five hit. "Dress You Up" reached the third position of both the Hot 100 Airplay and the Dance Club Songs chart. It topped the Dance Singles Sales chart, where it spent four weeks. On the Adult Contemporary chart, it came in at number 32. "Dress You Up" was ranked at numbers 98 and 13 on the official Billboard year-end chart and the Dance year-end chart, respectively. In Canada, it was less successful, coming in at number 10.

In the United Kingdom, "Dress You Up" debuted at the 12th position of the UK Singles Chart on December 12, 1985, and, one week later, peaked at number five; it spent 11 weeks on the chart overall. The song was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), for shipments of 200,000 copies. According to Music Week magazine, over 204,970 copies of the single have been sold in the United Kingdom as of 2008. In Australia, "Dress You Up" reached the chart's fifth position in October 1985, becoming Madonna's sixth top-ten single in the country. It entered the official New Zealand chart at number 28 on September 15, eventually peaking at number seven. The single performed relatively well across Europe, reaching the top ten in Belgium, Ireland, and the Netherlands. "Dress You Up" saw less success in West Germany, France, and Switzerland, where it barely cracked the charts' top 30. In the European Hot 100 Singles 1986 year-end chart, it came in at number 91.

Live performances

On May 16, 1984, Madonna performed "Dress You Up" at artist Keith Haring's birthday party, which took place on New York's Paradise Garage; she wore a leather jacket personally painted by the artist. Afterwards, it was included on four of her concert tours: Virgin (1985), Who's That Girl (1987), Sticky & Sweet (2009), and Rebel Heart (2015―2016). On the first one, it was sung as opening number; Madonna struck poses on top of a staircase before reaching the microphone to sing. She wore lace leggings and bra, a colorful jacket, and crucifixes around her neck and ears. From the Observer–Reporter, Terry Hazlett felt the singer resembled Loretta Young during the number. To promote the Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour release, filmed in Detroit, the song's performance was released as music video and added to MTV the week of August 3, 1985; it was nominated for Best Choreography at the 1986 MTV Video Music Awards.

For the Who's That Girl World Tour, the song was performed in a medley with "Like a Virgin" and "Material Girl"; Madonna changed her clothes in an onstage telephone booth and emerged wearing a dress covered in toys, trinkets, and other plastic paraphernalia. The number was deemed one of the concert's strongest by the Washington Post's Richard Harrington. Two different performances were included on the videos Who's That Girl: Live in Japan, filmed in Tokyo on June, and Ciao Italia: Live from Italy, filmed in Turin on September. Madonna intended to include "Dress You Up" on 2004's Re-Invention World Tour, but found it hard to learn the guitar chords and was scrapped. On the Confessions Tour (2006), "Dress You Up" was sampled on an introduction video that led to "Music" (2000), along with "Borderline" (1984), "Erotica" (1992), and "Holiday" (1983). During the Philadelphia and Los Angeles concerts of 2008's Sticky & Sweet Tour, Madonna did a capella renditions of the single per the crowd's request. It was then included on the tour's 2009 extension, where it was performed as a "metal guitar-fest", with samples of The Knack's "My Sharona" (1979), and "God Save the Queen" (1977) by Sex Pistols. The number was singled out by The Guardian's Alex Macpherson.

On March 20, 2015, the singer appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show to promote her thirteenth studio album Rebel Heart, and sang "Dress You Up" with host Ellen DeGeneres. Dressed in matching white bathrobes, DeGeneres added "cheeky" responses to the lyrics as Madonna sang. That same year, a slow, cumbia and salsa-fueled medley of "Dress You Up", "Into the Groove", and "Lucky Star" (1983) was included on the Rebel Heart Tour. The number featured Day of the Dead iconography and found Madonna, decked out in a long dress with a black shawl and a black hat, joined by a Mexican-themed dance crew. Billboard's Joe Lynch opined that, "the maracas might have been a little much, but the crisp Spanish guitar successfully made the songs sound newly organic". The performance at the March 19–20, 2016 shows in Sydney was recorded and released in Madonna's fifth live album, Rebel Heart Tour (2017).

Covers
In 1999, "Dress You Up" was used by Gap in a TV spot for vests, and sung by Alex Greenwald; the music was remixed by the Dust Brothers. In 2007, it was covered by American bands Apollo Heights, and Zolof the Rock & Roll Destroyer and Reel Big Fish; the former's rendition was included on the tribute album Through the Wilderness, while the latter's was recorded for Duet All Night Long. An additional cover was done in 2008 by British singer Kelly Llorenna. A mashup of Elton John's "The Bitch Is Back" (1974) and "Dress You Up" ―performed by Blake Jenner and Alex Newell― was included on "Feud" (2013), the sixteenth episode of the fourth season of American musical television series Glee.

Track listing and formats

 * US 7" single
 * 1) "Dress You Up" (LP version) – 3:58
 * 2) "Shoo-Bee-Doo" (LP version) – 5:14

 * Canadian 7" single
 * 1) "Dress You Up" (remix/edit) – 3:45
 * 2) "Shoo-Bee-Doo" (LP version) – 5:14

 * US 12" single
 * 1) "Dress You Up" (the 12" formal mix) – 6:15
 * 2) "Dress You Up" (the casual instrumental mix) – 4:36
 * 3) "Shoo-Bee-Doo" (LP version) – 5:14

 * Japanese 12" single / Reissue CD maxi-single
 * 1) "Dress You Up" (the 12" formal mix) – 6:15
 * 2) "Shoo-Bee-Doo" (LP version) – 5:14
 * 3) "Ain't No Big Deal" – 4:17
 * 4) "Dress You Up" (the casual instrumental mix) – 4:36

 * UK 7" single
 * 1) "Dress You Up" (LP version) – 3:58
 * 2) "I Know It" (LP version) – 3:45

 * UK 12" single
 * 1) "Dress You Up" (the 12" formal mix) – 6:15
 * 2) "Dress You Up" (the casual instrumental mix) – 4:36
 * 3) "I Know It" (LP version) – 3:45

 * German and UK reissue CD maxi-single (1995)
 * 1) "Dress You Up" (the 12" formal mix) – 6:15
 * 2) "Dress You Up" (the casual instrumental mix) – 4:36
 * 3) "Shoo-Bee-Doo" (LP version) – 5:14

Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the Like a Virgin album notes, and the 12-inch single liner notes.
 * Madonna – vocals
 * Nile Rodgers – producer, guitars
 * Andrea LaRusso – writer
 * Peggy Stanziale – writer
 * Jimmy Bralower – drum programming
 * Camille – background vocals
 * Rob Sabino – synthesizers, synth bass
 * Curtis King – background vocals
 * Frank Simms – background vocals
 * George Simms – background vocals
 * Neal Preston – photography
 * Jeri McManus – art direction (12-inch single)

title: Dress You Up


text:
Donald Houston

Donald Daniel Houston (6 November 1923 – 13 October 1991) was a Welsh actor whose first two films—The Blue Lagoon (1949) with Jean Simmons, and A Run for Your Money (1949) with Alec Guinness—were highly successful. Later in his career he was cast in military roles and in comedies such as the Doctor and Carry On series.

Early life
Houston was born in 10 Thomas Street, Tonypandy, on Tuesday 6 November 1923 in the village of Clydach Vale, near Tonypandy, Glamorgan and was the elder brother of actor Glyn Houston and a sister, Jean.

His father Alexander Houston, was a professional football player from Scotland, and his mother Elsie M Jones, ran a milk round. Following the death of their mother at age 29, Donald and brother Glyn Houston were raised by their grandmother while their father had to leave Wales in order to find work.

After leaving school he worked at a local colliery before deciding to start an acting career. In 1940 he performed on stage with the Pilgrim Players. He served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War as a rear gunner and radio officer.

Acting career
Houston had a successful career as a character actor in British film and television, with prominent parts in several well-known films, including Yangtse Incident (1957), The Longest Day (1962, in which he appeared alongside Richard Burton), 633 Squadron (1964), Where Eagles Dare (1968, again with Burton) and The Sea Wolves (1981). He would sometimes indulge his Welsh accent, and at other times conceal it behind an English public school voice. His forte tended to be authority figures, often military, such as the brilliant but tough David Caulder, the head of Moonbase 3, or Dr Francis in "Thirteen to Centaurus" (from the anthology series Out of the Unknown).

He could also handle comedy, as he proved with Doctor in the House (1954) and the later Doctor in Distress (1963), both significant successes in Europe, and Carry On Jack (1963). Though preferring quality parts, he was not above journeyman work in films such as Maniac (1963) and Tales That Witness Madness (1973).

Death
He died on 13 October 1991, of a stroke.

The house in which he was born in Tonypandy, Rhondda is marked with a Blue Plaque historical marker. The unveiling ceremony was attended by Donald's daughter Sian, his granddaughter Michela, his sister Jean Rees and other family members and friends. Historian Peter Stead spoke about Donald Houston's British film career at the plaque unveiling ceremony.

Selected filmography

 * The Blue Lagoon (1949) as Michael Reynolds
 * A Run for Your Money (1949) as Dai
 * Dance Hall (1950) as Phil
 * Crow Hollow (1952) as Dr. Robert Amour
 * My Death Is a Mockery (1952)
 * The Red Beret (1953) as Taffy
 * The Large Rope (1953) as Tom Penney
 * Small Town Story (1953) as Tony Warren
 * Doctor in the House (1954) as Taffy Evans
 * The Happiness of Three Women (1954) as John
 * Devil's Point (1954) as Michael Mallard
 * The Flaw (1955) as John Millway
 * Doublecross (1956) as Albert Pascoe
 * Find the Lady (1956) as Bill
 * The Girl in the Picture (1957) as Jon Deering
 * Yangtse Incident (1957) as Lt Weston RN
 * The Surgeon's Knife (1957) as Dr. Alex Waring
 * A Question of Adultery (1958) as Mr. Jacobus
 * The Man Upstairs (1958) as Dr. Sanderson
 * Room at the Top (1959) as Charles Soames
 * Danger Within (1959) as Capt. Roger Byfold
 * The Mark (1961) as Austin
 * Twice Round the Daffodils (1962) as John Rhodes
 * The 300 Spartans (1962) as Hydarnes
 * The Longest Day (1962) as RAF Pilot
 * Maniac (1963) as Henri
 * Doctor in Distress (1963) as Maj. Tommy Ffrench
 * Carry On Jack (1963) as First Officer Jonathan Howett
 * 633 Squadron (1964) as Group Capt. Don Barrett
 * Danger Man Episode: 'The Mirror's New' (TV series 1965) - Edward Bierce
 * A Study in Terror (1965) as Doctor Watson
 * Gideon's Way Episode: 'Fall High, Fall Hard' (TV series 1965) - Tony Erickson (his actor brother Glyn Houston also appeared in the episode)
 * Out of the Unknown Episode: 'Thirteen to Centaurus' (TV series 1965) - Dr. Francis
 * The Viking Queen (1967) as Maelgan
 * Where Eagles Dare (1968) as Capt. Olaf Christiansen
 * The Bushbaby (1969) as John Leeds
 * My Lover My Son (1970) as Robert
 * Now Take My Wife (1971) as Harry Love
 * Tales That Witness Madness (1973) as Sam Patterson (segment 1 "Mr. Tiger")
 * Voyage of the Damned (1976) as Dr. Glauner
 * The Sea Wolves (1980) as Hilliard
 * Clash of the Titans (1981) as Acrisius

title: Donald Houston


text:
File:Imperia statue.jpg

 * Description: Imperia
 * Photographer: de:Benutzer:Burgkirsch 2004

Photo from: de:Bild:Imperia.JPG

title: File:Imperia statue.jpg


text:
Hengistbury Head

Hengistbury Head, formerly also called Christchurch Head, is a headland jutting into the English Channel between Bournemouth and Mudeford in the English county of Dorset. It is a site of international importance in terms of its archaeology and is scheduled as an Ancient Monument. Declared a Local Nature Reserve in 1990, the head and its surroundings form part of the Christchurch Harbour Site of Special Scientific Interest. It is also a Special Area of Conservation, Special Protection Area, an Environmentally Sensitive Area and a Site of Nature Conservation Interest. The name "Hengistbury Head" refers to the whole of the headland area; the elevated portion is called Warren Hill.

There has been human activity on the site since the Upper Palaeolithic. During the Victorian era, it was heavily quarried, and in recent years tourism has become significant – it receives more than one million visitors annually. The various habitats on the Head provide a home for many plants, birds and insects, some of them rare and critically endangered. Erosion remains a threat to the site, although long-term projects are intended to secure it for the future.

Location
Hengistbury Head is a sandstone headland attached to Southbourne, which is a suburb of the town of Bournemouth to the west; the nearest major settlement is Christchurch to the north. It is the most easterly part of the Borough of Bournemouth, and marks the most easterly point of Poole Bay. Historically part of Hampshire, the Local Government Act 1972 designated the area a part of Dorset. The northern slope of the hill tailing off towards the sea forms Mudeford spit, the sand bar closing Christchurch Harbour from the south.

Buildings
The spit is home to more than 300 privately owned beach-huts, which are some of the UK's most expensive. In 2015 five of the huts were put on the market for a combined asking price of £1 million. On average the huts measure around five by three metres, have no running water, and staying overnight is only permitted from March through October. Despite the relative lack of amenities, the area has become one of the UK's most desirable; huts are rented out for up to £600 a week.

The Black House, a local landmark, stands at the end of the spit, opposite Mudeford Quay, site of the Battle of Mudeford in 1784. Built in 1848, it was once a boatbuilders' house, but is now rented out to holidaymakers. It has served a variety of functions over the years, and is commonly (but inaccurately) associated with the area's smuggling past.

Toponymy
Recorded as Hedenesburia in an early 12th century deed in the Christchurch Priory cartulary. In the mid-17th century it was referred to as Hynsebury in State Papers. The modern spelling of Hengistbury is found on Isaac Taylor's 1759 map of Hampshire. In 1779, the antiquary Francis Grose mistakenly speculates in a letter to the amateur scientist Gustavus Brander, who resided at Christchurch, that the headland might be named after the legendary Jutish leader Hengist. During the period of what archaeologist Barry Cunliffe calls "antiquarian romanticism", many prehistoric sites were renamed to link them with historical figures. It was thought at the time that Hengist could be buried at Hengistbury as he was said to have been laid to rest in an unlocated mound. However, 20th century excavations have established that the tumuli on Hengistbury Head date to the Bronze Age.

Linguist Richard Coates speculates that the name is derived from Heddin's Fort.

History
Hengistbury Head is home to a plethora of nationally and internationally significant archaeological sites, with features dating from the Late Upper Palaeolithic to the Roman settlement of Britain, earning the site Scheduled Ancient Monument status. Interest in the site declined throughout the Dark Ages, until extensive development took place in Christchurch around 890 AD, when the Head may have been used as a lookout post. The area was heavily quarried during the Victorian period and nowadays receives over a million visitors annually.

Stone Age
Several archaeological digs have revealed that the site was occupied during the Upper Palaeolithic. There is evidence of an open settlement of the Creswellian culture on the hill in the middle of the headland dating to around 14,100 years ago. With over 13,000 lithic artefacts it is probably the largest site of the period. Most interesting were several blades typically found at Upper Paleolithic sites across Europe, but rarely seen outside of caves in the UK, where open air sites of this age are extremely rare. People at the Head were heavily involved with the production of blades, further excavations identified 649 tools, dominated by backed blades, endscrapers and burins.

At the time the Warren Hill would have overlooked a large river valley that was to become the English Channel. Once the sea had inundated the surrounding valley, Mesolithic hunter gatherers exploited the site. Pollen analysis of peat from the Solent bed suggest a lightly wooded headland free of close-knit undergrowth during this period, an ideal habitat for game.

Bronze Age
In Bronze Age Britain this was an important seaport. Eleven Bronze Age Britain round barrows sit on the promontory with two more a little further inland. Eleven of the round barrows were excavated; three by Bushe Fox in 1911–12 and eight by Harold St George Gray in 1919 and 1922. Two appear to be undisturbed. Numerous finds including Early Bronze Age axes and cremation urns were recovered from these tumuli, which have been consistently found to be between 3500 and 4000 years old.

One of the barrows (south of where the thatched barn now stands) contained a high status cremation of a woman of about twenty years in age, accompanied by an incense cup, a halberd-style pendant made from amber and copper alloy, and two gold cones that would have covered buttons of an organic material. The burial-goods recovered are similar to those of the Wessex culture, the Wilsford and Dorset Ridgeway series in particular. An urn from one of the barrows likely to have been made between 1700 and 1500 B.C., has been identified as Trevisker ware, a type widely found throughout Devon and Cornwall which was transported east in lesser amounts, this find being one of the easternmost discovered.

Iron Age
In Iron Age Britain around 700 BC, a settlement on the Head was established; also around this time, the headland was cut off from the mainland by the construction of two banks and ditches called the Double Dykes, similar to those found at Maiden Castle. The earthworks consisted of an inner bank three metres high, with a ditch three and a half metres deep. An outer ditch six metres wide and two metres in depth is now obscured due to wind-blown deposits of sand and a gradual silting process. These defences turned Hengistbury Head into a fortified settlement area which seems to have grown over succeeding centuries until it became an important port. The Iron Age port at Hengistbury Head forms a final site in a small chain of fortified earthworks, starting from Hambledon Hill, and also including Hod Hill, Spetisbury Rings, Buzbury Rings, Badbury Rings and Dudsbury Camp.

John Lavender of the local Red House Museum noted evidence of small iron-ore smelting hearths on Warren Hill, while green vitreous slag has been also found on the Head. In his 1911 to 1912 excavations, Bushe-Fox found evidence for working of lead, copper and silver; two ingots discovered at this time revealed that raw materials would have been imported to the area. One ingot was of nearly pure copper, while the other, which weighed 8.6 kg, was roughly 50/50 copper-silver alloy with around one percent gold. Argentiferous (i.e. silver-bearing) copper was refined to produce silver at the Head. There are also indications that gold was worked at Hengistbury. One excavation produced part of a torc, twisted together with a small gold bracelet and another fragment in a manner suggesting it was scrap; a different site produced a streaked touchstone indicating use in gold testing.

Thousands of bronze coins have been found from the pre-Roman period, the vast majority having been struck by the Durotriges. The abundance of coins, together with various hearths and smelting artefacts found within a close proximity suggest that the Durotrigan finds were minted here.

International trade centre
The advanced level of metallurgy in the area, coupled with its ease of access from the Continent, meant that Hengistbury Head became a significant Late-Iron Age port; trading worked metal of iron, silver, and bronze in return for figs, glass, tools and other goods. Armorican coins and pottery uncovered here show links to the Brittany peninsula. Amphorae used for the transportation of North Italian wine have been found in such quantities (more than all other sites in the south of England put together), that it is clear that the Head was a main port of entry into the country. However, no similar amphorae have been unearthed in Armorica, hinting at a more direct trade route between Hengistbury Head and Italy. Most of these vessels date from before 50 B.C., while later styles are absent despite being common in other parts of Britain, indicating the wine trade seems to have declined at about the time Caesar began his Gaulish campaigns.

Roman occupation to Medieval period
After the Roman conquest, the south-east of England started to develop into a more urban economy, while the socio-economic system of the south-west remained little changed. Hengistbury would still have served as an important hub for the Dumnonii of Cornwall and Devon, and the Durotriges of Wiltshire and Dorset; since transport by water was more efficient at the time, and the Head offered both a coastal route, and freshwater options via the Stour and Avon rivers.

No evidence of Saxon use has been found at the Head. The area was not substantially reoccupied until Alfred the Great decided to rebuild the harbour as a defence against raiders. He built the town that later became Christchurch, on the north side of the harbour. Access to Salisbury up the River Avon made this a more strategic place. The Head may have been used for harbour defence at this time. In the 11th century, some of the iron-ore rich stones found at the Head were used in the construction of Christchurch Castle. These reddish-coloured stones can still be seen in the base of the now ruined castle.

17th, 18th and 19th centuries
In the late 1600s, Andrew Yarranton (with backing from the Earl of Clarendon) commenced a scheme to improve the harbour. In 1693 a channel was cut out to sea, whilst ironstone boulders from the head were used to create a pier. The plans proved ineffective; the pier was poorly positioned and subsequent storms (including the Great Storm of 1703) soon undid most of the work although parts of the pier known as "Clarendon's Jetty" or the "Long Rocks" are still visible today. Many tons may have been removed from the beach and the head itself to make the jetty.

In 1733 a new Excise and Customs Bill was introduced, restricting imports and raising taxes on many luxury items. Christchurch rapidly became a hot-bed for smugglers, where they were known as "freetraders", and much of the town was involved in the trade. The "Double Dykes" are said to have been used to hide contraband, while Mudeford spit is rumoured to have been used in the construction of "Guinea boats" (cheaply built galleys sometimes capable of outrunning the day's steamships). One apocryphal story is that the black house acquired its distinctive black colour when customs officers tried to smoke out some holed-up smugglers by lighting fires around the base. The house was constructed in 1848 and used by shipwrights as a dwelling and workshop, smuggling was in decline with the introduction of a free-trade policy and more effective measures being implemented by the Coast Guard by this time, so the house may not in fact have had much involvement in smuggling. The spit has a long association with shipbuilding with two large ships being built in the mid-19th century, the Viscountess Canning of 193 tons and the Enterprise 253 tons.

From 1848 to 1872, the Hengistbury Mining Company – formed by a Christchurch-based merchant, John E. Holloway – extracted many more ironstone boulders through quarrying. Holloway brought coal from Southampton, and took the ironstone as ballast for the return journey. These boulders, known as Iron Doggers, were prized for their high quantity of iron ore (up to 30%). They form the base of Hengistbury Head, and the removal of a substantial amount of doggers over the years has weakened the headland. These and earlier excavations resulted in a loss of up to a third of the head, caused mainly by erosion after the quarry's closure. The silt washed down also threatened the ecology of the saltmarsh below. This has been reduced by the building of a dam, in 1976, to create a pool. Many "doggers" can still be seen lining the route of the land-train and at the quarry.

UK's first airshow
In 1910 the first international aviation meeting ever held in Britain took place on a specially laid out aerodrome consisting of a mile of grassland between the "Double Dykes" and the nearby village of Tuckton. About twenty pioneer aviators from around the world participated in various competitions including spot landing, altitude tests and speed trials (both for the fastest and slowest circuit).

On the second day of the meeting, co-founder of Rolls-Royce and pioneer aviator Charles Rolls was thrown from his plane, which disintegrated beneath him. Despite the fact that the first-ever powered flight had occurred only seven years previously, Rolls had been attempting a precision landing. He died from his injuries shortly after his fall. The event was Britain's earliest fatal flying accident involving a powered aircraft.

20th century
There were a number of development schemes for the head including a major railway and docks scheme proposed in 1885, proposals for housing and a golf course were also put forward before World War I, though none of these schemes came to fruition. In 1919 the head was sold by Sir George Meyrick to Harry Gordon Selfridge with plans to construct a grand house. These plans also came to nothing, apart from the establishment of a nursery garden. Bournemouth Borough Council purchased the head in 1930 for £25,200; although plans for housing existed west of double dykes, the head itself was to be kept as public open space. During World War II the head was closed to the public and was occupied by the army, becoming home to a number of installations including a radar station. The area was also extensively mined. The head was finally cleared of the military defences by the 1950s.

Present day
Hengistbury Head Local Nature Reserve is currently owned and managed by BCP Council. In 1990, the land was declared a Local Nature Reserve, as a commitment by the town of Bournemouth to conserve and enhance the environment. The heathland forms part of the Dorset Heaths and is internationally protected as a Special Area of Conservation and Special Protection Area. Nearby, the upper reaches of Christchurch Harbour (including the meadows at Wick) are recognised as an Environmentally Sensitive Area.

The head today is used for a variety of reasons. First, it is a tourist spot where country walks can be taken all over the head due to the well-defined gravel paths, some of which form part of the Bournemouth Coast Path. In 2008, many paths were resurfaced, making more (though not all) parts of the head wheelchair accessible. For example, it is now possible to gain wheelchair access to Quarry Pool. Regular field trips to the site are made by students of all ages and there are occasional guided tours or meetings around the head covering a wide variety of subjects.

There is a cafe at the bottom of the head on the Bournemouth side. Hengistbury Head Outdoor Education centre is located near here on the south shore of the harbour. Run by Brockenhurst College, the centre offers a variety of water and outdoor activities. A scenic land train (known as "the Noddy train") makes regular journeys from the cafe to the end of the spit, a journey of ten or so minutes. On the head itself is a H. M. Coastguard radio relay station, a nature reserve and a triangulation pillar, shown on Ordnance Survey maps as 36 metres above sea level. Ample parking (subject to charges) can be found near the cafe, but the head is also within walking distance of Southbourne and parts of Christchurch.

The Quarry Pool is now a significant part of the nature reserve features of the head. While it was very acidic in the early years, since 1990 it has allowed the growth of a significant number of plant and insect species, as well as mallard and little grebe. The insects provide valuable food for migrating sand martins and swallows.

Visitor centre
A new visitor centre for Hengistbury Head was opened in December 2013. The extant thatched barn was upgraded in an eco-friendly way and the new addition cost over a million pounds. Funds were provided by developer contributions, the Heritage Lottery Fund and £300,000 from landfill tax.

The centre houses a display area which documents the site's archaeology, ecology and geology, while work space has been created for volunteers and other community groups such as the Hengistbury Head Supporters Group, Residents' Association and Christchurch Harbour Ornithological Group. The public now have the chance to scrutinise a selection of the finds discovered at Hengistbury Head in the last century, and to interact with experienced staff, as well as providing them with the opportunity to become actively involved in the administration of the nature reserve.

The surrounding area has been extensively landscaped to create outdoor learning areas and a wildlife garden. Energy-saving features include photovoltaic panels for electricity and ground source heat pump for heating. A green roof (a living roof that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium), is used to absorb rainfall and provide insulation. The centre is constructed using timber-frame walls insulated with straw bales.

Geography
According to Ian West of Southampton University, "Hengistbury Head is the best part of the Bournemouth coast for geology and geomorphology .... [and] is geologically important for the unusual nodules of sideritic ironstone [found] in Middle Eocene strata." The exposed and relatively untouched cliff face at the head perfectly lends itself to students of stratigraphy. Warren Hill itself is composed of Tertiary Bracklesham Beds, a mixture of clays and marls with overlying sandy and lignitic beds.

Erosion
One serious threat to the future of the Head is erosion of the exposed southern cliff face from wind and rain, as well as erosion caused by the sea primarily through the process of Longshore drift. A comparison of Ordnance Survey maps reveals that 25 metres of cliff was washed away between 1915 and 1962, a process accelerated by the Bournemouth cliff's concreted promenade and groynes, construction of which started in the early 20th century. It is thought that in the last 200 years around 150 metres of land has been lost from the head. The first attempt to counteract erosion came in the 1930s when Bournemouth Council constructed a breakwater now known as "the Long Groyne". Since then, a gabion revetment has been constructed to secure the weakest point at the eastern end of the Head. In a long-term project to secure the head's future, from 2005 to 2008 Poole Bay was replenished with 1.8 million cubic metres of beach material, drawing ire from some surfers and beach lovers owing to the increase in sharp stones on Southbourne beach in particular. The project's organizers, the Poole Bay Partnership, state that: "The resulting wide beaches have been a success in terms of their function as a coast protection structure and for the enjoyment they provide to the area's residents and visitors."

Flora and fauna
Hengistbury Head forms part of the Christchurch Harbour Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and in May 1990 was declared a Local Nature Reserve. The head supports 500 plant species (a quarter of the national flora), including eight red data book species, 14 nationally scarce, and 39 locally rare species. The main nature reserve area faces Christchurch Harbour, and is contiguous with the reed beds of Wick Fields. The Head contains a large variety of habitats from the heathland on Warren Hill to freshwater ponds, sand dunes, and salt marshes. The woodland (known as Withybed Wood) is home to English oak and silver birch amongst many other trees, and is of particular interest, as it is the only such area to be shown on an 1811 Ordnance Survey map of the Bournemouth/Christchurch area. In 2002, cattle-grazing commenced in a field near the new visitor centre known as Barn Field. This, combined with gorse eradication, has assisted in the restoration of this habitat to its ancient character.

Present on the site is sea knotgrass (Polygonum maritimum), the rarest of the knotgrasses in Britain, and currently listed as a "schedule 8 species" under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. Such plants are afforded greater than usual protection against damaging activities – such as "cutting, picking, destroying or selling." The heathland is both a Special Area of Conservation and a Special Protection Area, part of a network of the best wildlife sites in Europe.

The various habitats provide homes to numerous species of insects. There are 700 moth species recorded in the nature reserve, again a quarter of the national total. At different spots across the site butterflies (including the green hairstreak), damselflies (like the large red), and dragonflies (such as the hairy dragonfly) can be observed. According to a 2005 report, the exceedingly rare thirteen-spotted ladybird (Hippodamia 13-punctata) was recently observed at the head, the first sighting in the UK since 1952.

More than 300 bird species have been recorded in the area, making Hengistbury Head an important migratory point. The Balearic shearwater, considered critically endangered with extinction by the IUCN and seldom sighted in the UK, has been seen in the area. Other rare birds spotted here include the purple heron, the pink-footed goose, the European honey buzzard and the melodious warbler. The fields and reserved areas near the car park provide an ideal spot to watch and listen to a significant population of skylarks during the summer months.

In 1989 a project commenced to re-introduce the country's rarest amphibian, the natterjack toad, to Hengistbury Head. The natterjack was last recorded on the headland in the 1950s before its extinction, probably as the result of a lack of suitable ponds. The project has been a great success, and today there are thriving populations at various locations. The ideal time to witness their mating rituals is in May as dusk approaches, when the distinctive call of the natterjack can be heard for miles around.

Politics
Hengistbury Head is part of the Bournemouth East parliamentary constituency. Hengistbury Head is also part of the East Southbourne and Tuckton ward which elects two councillors to Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council.

title: Hengistbury Head


text:
Consign to Oblivion

Consign to Oblivion is the second studio album by Dutch symphonic metal band Epica, and was released in 2005. The song "Trois Vierges" features a guest appearance by then-Kamelot vocalist Roy Khan. The album's lyrics are inspired by the Maya civilization. The phrase "In lak' ech, hala ken” expresses the concept of unity of Mayan thought, after which the song "Another Me (In Lack' Ech)" was named. The CD was released with copy control on it. This CD started a new collection of songs, called "A New Age Dawns". This saga is continued on the album Design Your Universe.

Stylistically, the album is more focused towards orchestration than other Epica releases and features heavy use of a chorus. Additionally, Mark Jansen's death growls appear less frequently, occurring on only three songs, "Force of the Shore", "Mother of Light" and "Consign to Oblivion". But a bonus track, the Death cover "Crystal Mountain" includes grunts, and a grunt version of "Quietus" was released on the "Quietus (Silent Reverie)" single, making it five songs with grunts. A single with an acoustic version of the song "Solitary Ground" was extracted from the album The Score – An Epic Journey, released the same year.

The bonus cover of "Crystal Mountain" is one of the very few Epica songs to not feature Simone Simons in any capacity (although an "Orchestral version" featuring her vocals can be found on The Road to Paradiso, and the Quietus (Silent Reverie) single).

The album is the band's only release to date where Simone Simons' lyrical contributions outnumber those of Jansen.

Personnel
Credits for Consign to Oblivion adapted from liner notes.

Epica
 * Simone Simons – lead vocals
 * Mark Jansen – rhythm guitar, grunts, screams
 * Ad Sluijter – lead guitar
 * Yves Huts – bass
 * Coen Janssen – synths
 * Jeroen Simons – drums

Additional musician
 * Roy Khan – vocals on "Trois Vierges"

Orchestra
 * Benjamin Spillner – violin
 * Andreas Pfaff – violin
 * Tobias Rempe – violin
 * Gregor Dierk – violin
 * Swantje Tessman – viola
 * Patrick Sepec – viola
 * Astrid Müller – viola
 * Jörn Kellermann – cello

Choir
 * Melvin Edmonsen – bass
 * Previn Moore – tenor
 * Andre Matos – tenor
 * Annie Goebel – alto
 * Amanda Somerville – alto, vocal coach
 * Bridget Fogle – soprano
 * Linda Janssen-van Summeren – soprano

Production
 * Sascha Paeth – production, engineering, mixing, acoustic guitar on "Dance of Fate"
 * Olaf Reitmeier – production, engineering
 * Miro – orchestral arrangements, engineering
 * Mark Jansen – orchestral arrangements
 * Coen Janssen – orchestral and choir arrangements
 * Yves Huts – orchestral arrangements
 * Philip Colodetti – engineering, mixing
 * Hans van Vuuren – executive production, coordination, research
 * Peter van 't Riet – mastering

title: Consign to Oblivion


text:
Glenn McMillan

Glenn Aguiar McMillan (born October 5, 1984) is a Brazilian-Australian actor and lawyer best known internationally as Dustin, the Yellow Wind Ranger, on Power Rangers Ninja Storm. His father is Irish Australian and his mother is Brazilian.

Biography
McMillan was born in São João da Boa Vista, Brazil and was raised in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia from the age of three. He remains close to his Brazilian heritage, speaks fluent Portuguese and revisits his place of birth often.

Glenn holds a Bachelor of Laws with Honours from the University of Adelaide Law School, one semester of which he took on exchange at Pace University School of Law, New York. He also holds a Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice and a Master of Laws Majoring in Commercial Litigation from the College of Law, Sydney. He is admitted as a lawyer in Australia, England and Wales.

McMillan is a property sales consultant with TOOP+TOOP Real Estate in Hyde Park, Adelaide.

Acting career
McMillan's first professional acting role was at age 11 in a State Theatre Company of South Australia production of Six Characters in Search of an Author, by Luigi Pirandello, playing the role of the "Young Boy". In 1998, he played "Ben Handleman" in his first feature film, Sally Marshall Is Not an Alien, followed by the role of "Tiny Maloney" in the television series 'Chuck Finn' for Seven Network in 1999. He has performed in numerous theatre productions, including the role of "Jack" in Into the Woods by James Lapine and Stephen Sondheim, and "Vyasa" in the Mahabharata. From 2002–2003, McMillan played the role of "Dustin Brooks" in Power Rangers Ninja Storm, filmed in New Zealand, then "Bronley Hale" in Zenon: Z3 for Disney Channel, shot on location in South Africa, and Power Rangers Dino Thunder. In 2012, McMillan appeared in the feature film Swerve, followed by the role of "Adauto Agallo" in the award-winning miniseries Mrs Biggs. From 2013 to 2015 he filmed the Australian television drama Wonderland for Network Ten, in which he played "Carlos dos Santos".

Personal life
In 2016, he married Julia Alonso, a Brazilian doctor.

He trains Brazilian jiu-jitsu and received his blue belt from multiple world champion, Roger Gracie, and his purple belt from Fabio Gurgel. He trains at Alliance Sydney. During the start of COVID-19 quarantine, his wife gave birth to a child.

title: Glenn McMillan