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Talk:Timeline of motor and engine technology/Archive 1

Motor and Engine Technology is Older than this Timeline Indicates
To: Physicists and Engineers

FYI: History today is being revised ... and fast. As historians learn more, History becomes refined more. This timeline may be receiving some revision in the near future. Why?

1. Seafaring is older than the following timeline indicates.
Quoting Timeline of transportation technology, we have...

Timeline of transportation technology

 * 3500 BC - Wheeled carts are invented
 * 3500 BC - River boats are invented

However, quoting Lothal, we have...

 * "In Lothal, there is secondary evidence of sea-going craft. Archaeologists have discovered a massive, dredged canal and docking facility at this coastal city.... with archaeological, carbon-dating methods and astronomical data using sophisticated methods that suggest that it might be the oldest harbor to be built on Earth. Their deductions, are that Lothal was built around 6000 BC, 3000 years earlier than any other known ancient river valley civilisation."

Along similar lines, refer now to History of Ancient Egypt:

 * "Included in the nomes of ancient Egypt are names associated with harpoons. Actual harpoons dating to 3000 BC have been found in West Africa, indicating ancient seafaring as early. See West Africa: History."

Contradictory? Yes. Clearly so.

'''Now please carefully examine Advanced Prehistoric Ships and Maritime archaeology. You should then be able to formulate the gist of the idea being driven at here.'''

2. Timeline of mathematics
Algebra, Geometry, Golden Ratio, Linear Equations (including 2nd order), Cotangent-analog, Arithmetic series, Geometric series ... all around 2000 BC?

Quoting Moscow and Rhind Mathematical Papyri:

 * "The solution to the 14th problem has been used to argue that the Egyptians had more technical knowledge than usually assumed. This would help to explain how they could build the Great Pyramid of Giza, since it is not clear how it could be constructed, in any way, in a reasonable time frame without mechanical help."

 * "... the 2/n table of the Rhind Papyrus, which dates from more than a thousand years before Pythagoras, seems to show an awareness of prime and composite numbers, a crude version of the 'Sieve of Eratosthenes,' a knowledge of the arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means, and of the 'perfectness' of the number 6. This all seems to suggest a greater number-theoretic sophistication than is generally credited to the ancient Egyptians."(The Rhind Papyrus 2/N Table)

Now referencing "209.150.67.45" at Talk:0 (number):

 * If it took the Greeks only a few hundred years, why would it take Egypt several millennia, facing the fact that the Greeks studied mathematics in Egypt? Please refer to the following quote:

 * "...there must have been much more to Egyptian mathematics. We know that Thales, Pythagoras and others visited Egypt to study. If there were only applied arithmetic methods as we have seen in the papyri, the trip would have had little value. But where are the records of achievement? Very likely, the mathematics extant was absorbed into the body of Greek mathematics -- in an age where new and better works completely displaced the old, and in this case the old works written in hieroglypics. Additionally, the Alexandrian library, one place where ancient Egyptian mathematical works may have been preserved, was destroyed by about 400 CE."

 * Please see Alphabet. There you will learn that History is being rewritten as we speak.  If you open a 2004 Merriam-Webster Dictionary, for example, you will find a history of the Latin Alphabet very much different from what is posted in Wikipedia....

3. Trying to solve the "Great Pyramid of Giza Puzzle" yields only a few logical conclusions.
Ancient Egyptian peoples were already constructing large buildings in 6000 BC (ref. History of Ancient Egypt).

Reading Great Pyramid of Giza (bottom of page), there is evidence of crane-use on the heaviest, several ton stone blocks ... holes bored on opposite faces. Additionally it has been pointed out that a sort of ancient "train and/or railway system" would have been required to carry these several ton stone blocks over the distance of 15-20 miles from the nearest ancient stone quarry. (Worthy of mention here is that the bulk of this distance might have been traversed by river [because particular varieties of sandstone actually float]. Nevertheless, the aforementioned still holds for the remainder of travel on land as well as, primarily, the distance required to raise tons and tons of stone 40 stories up in the air.)

Others are instead claiming advanced alchemy: Geopolymer Theory.

The problem is that there are just too many stone blocks in it -- some weighing several tons -- to explain, in any modern mathematical sense, how it could have feasibly been constructed in a reasonable time frame without mechanical means.

Confusion abounds to explain the construction of this massive monument around 2700 BC ... unless the ancient Egyptians really did have an ancient crane but kept its technology hidden from the general population. This seems to be the only logical conclusion.

4. Ancient Egypt applied this new motor technology to seafaring???
Maybe ... 1000 years later??? Modern calculations are not yielding any better conclusions.

We owe the Scientific Method to the ancient Egyptians. Then the ancient Indus Valley Civilization-peoples traded with them as early as 4000 BC to 3000 BC (ref. Maritime archaeology).

5. Documented Contradiction???
Finally, worthy to point out here is the following subtle contradiction:

 * Despite all the ancient seafaring going on (referenced and/or linked to above), our Roman ancestors have left behind for us documents showing...

 * ...because of the extremely high rate of expected wrecks (Romans calculated that at least 30% of cargo would have been lost by storms or pirate assaults), the traffic was proportionally (or perhaps more) increased.... (Maritime archaeology)

 * If there were a 30% chance of losing your life on a shipping expedition, would you willfully captain the ship? Or do you suspect that perhaps the Roman leadership was clandestinely sending ships to other regions of the world? ...but why would they be so motivated to do this?

 * Recalling the apparent confidence of Christopher Columbus, Charles Darwin, and so many others to journey far, far distances over the oceans time and time and time again ... without leaving behind any sort of documented "fear for life" leaves sufficient grounds to suspect that not only might have ancient Egypt's technological feats been kept secret from the general population by their pharoah but also by all the Roman Kings who succeeded them ... and their successors as well.

-- Roylee


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hugh McIlvenna

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Eugene van der Pijll 18:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hugh McIlvenna
Cannot verify. Created by User:Brianreddy. After many hoaxes from Trinity College, Dublin, I am very suspicious. Even it should be true, I question the notability. Delete. Lupo 09:16, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable - one Google hit not related. Megan1967 09:41, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, agreed--Sophitus 10:46, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - candidate for Speedy. Yet another bogus article from the Reddy Troll. See Talk:Brian_Reddy for more info. - Pete C ✍ 17:09, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - 'appearence'. On a TV station that DIDN'T EXIST FOR ANOTHER SEVENTEEN YEARS. And didn't even have that name for a while afterwards. Total hoax, as is basically everything thats been uploaded from Trinity lately. I'm considering bringing an RfC on the entire net block, requesting a block, as its not contributed anything of worth. --Kiand 16:23, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC) (Irish, and would have heard of this guy if he existed)

Hugh was first brought to my attension about five years ago when I started college in NUI galway.He is a hero in the eyes of a minority of people in the west of Ireland.
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Template talk:EU Constitution

Translation
I translated this template into French -- see here. Modèle:Constitution européenne --Zantastik  talk   09:18, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Removal of dates
I agree with Trilobite's removal of formatting, but not the removal of dates, which is deleterious. The user logged in can choose their own date format. ISO 8601 date format is not 'odd'. – Kaihsu 18:17, 2005 May 30 (UTC)

 * Well, fair enough, I know that ISO 8601 is a sensible format, but it will probably look a little odd to most casual readers. I am more concerned about your use of the admin rollback facility to revert my edits in a content dispute. That is not appropriate. — Trilobite (Talk) 18:33, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Template talk:EU Constitution


text:
Category:Lemmas

In mathematics, a lemma is an auxiliary theorem which is typically used as a stepping stone to prove a bigger theorem. See lemma for a more detailed explanation.

title: Category:Lemmas


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-07-25/Speedy deletion expansion

Six months after the previous modification of the speedy deletion criteria (see archived story), a new expansion proposal led to the addition of four new criteria and the rewording of one. A vote on this proposal held over two weeks (see related story) ended in the passage of measures that partially address the problem of handling vanity pages, along with some other technical changes.

Specifically, the vote results allow the speedy deletion of articles that do not claim any notability of their subject, serve only to disparage their subject, or simply rephrase the title of the article. In addition, articles that are transwikied in accordance with Votes for deletion consensus may now be speedily deleted afterwards. Furthermore, additional clarification was added to the criteria that calls for the deletion of articles recreated after earlier deletion.

Background
The motivation for this vote came from a sentiment that the votes for deletion process was growing out of hand, and its sheer size would make it prohibitively difficult for people to participate. The push to avoid this focused on restricting votes for deletion to those cases where some doubt remains, so that obvious "keeps" would not be nominated and obvious "deletes" could be expedited. Meanwhile, another emphasis was educating people on the deletion process generally, as well as alternatives to deletion. Efforts have included compiling deletion precedents and guidance on merging pages, as well as an attempt to reach a compromise for the hot-button issue of schools.

To lay the groundwork for the vote, the proposals were developed over a month of discussion and debate. After discarding unworkable proposals and trying to define cases of obviously deletable articles in simple wording, the proponents submitted twenty proposals. These were put up for voting over a two-week period, and considerable effort went into publicizing the vote.

Vote results
The two most radical proposals were intended to make it easier to get rid of vanity articles - one by Doc Glasgow to allow for deletion of an article on a person that does not assert that person's notability, and another by Uncle G dealing with an article on a person less than twenty-five years old that does not cite a source. Articles about an unremarkable person written by the subject of the article, or his or her friends or classmates, are a regular occurrence and votes for deletion deals with more than twenty such articles per day.

These proposals illustrate two different approaches to the same issue. The notability proposal relies on a common-sense reading of the article to determine if it indicates anything noteworthy about the subject. An example indicated that an article saying "John Doe is good at chess" does not assert notability, while "John Doe won the 2003 UK Chess Trophy" does. This proposal passed with 74% support. On the other hand, the proposal using the person's age to justify deletion was based on an analysis of recent deletion votes. The analysis indicated that an age below 25 and the failure to cite a source provided a reasonable proxy for situations in which deletion was the most likely outcome. However, the measure was voted down with 49% support.

Some proposals related to the problem of vanity pages dealt with unremarkable bands, websites and clubs; none of these passed, as they received 69%, 58% and 37% support respectively. One argument for having a speedy deletion criterion for websites is that regular deletion of these articles often leads to an influx of sockpuppets and new users. At the same time, good criteria for identifying a website as unremarkable are difficult to establish, since objective measures such as Google and Alexa data are frowned upon.

The proposal on bands came closest to passing, as the threshold set for the vote was 70%, but a number of people expressed concern about the standard for deletion used. It would have relied on guidelines set by WikiProject Music, but this drew a number of objections indicating that the criterion for deletion should stand on its own. In an effort to overcome these objections, a discussion is ongoing to consider an alternative.

Other proposals that passed include one for articles moved to another Wikimedia project after an earlier deletion vote; one to clarify when it is and isn't appropriate to delete an article that was earlier deleted and then recreated; one to formalize the practice of deleting attack pages; and one to allow for deletion of articles that have no content other than a rephrasing of the title.

Failed proposals
Other proposals that received majority support but fell short of 70% included those for articles duplicated in Wikibooks or Wikisource, and deletion of articles related to fan fiction. The proposal for deletion of characters from role-playing games failed, partly because it did not distinguish between publisher-created and player-created characters. Also failing were proposals for articles of one sentence or less, along with duplicates of Wiktionary articles.

A number of proposals did not relate directly to votes for deletion, but instead to other aspects of the deletion system that do not necessarily have the same load problems. These proposed criteria for speedy deletion, which related to issues such as images, categories, templates, and copyright violations, were all rejected.

Criticism
With the large scale of the vote and preceding discussion, the proposal encountered criticism from a number of people. Complaints aired included that the six-week period of discussion preceding the proposal had been too short, and that too many proposals went to a vote simultaneously.

Some people expressed disagreement with the practice of adding new proposals while the vote was in progress, and there were objections to the suffrage requirements that would cause all votes from users with less than 250 edits to be discounted. However, none of the late additions received enough support to pass anyway, and the criteria for discounting votes did not appear to affect any of the outcomes. Finally, a counterproposal that the entire proposal was an instance of instruction creep only gained 23% support.


text:
Jackie Cerone

John Philip Cerone (July 7, 1914 – July 26, 1996), nicknamed Jackie the Lackey, was an American mobster and boss of the Chicago Outfit during the late 1960s. He was the younger brother of mobster Frank "Skippy" Cerone, father of lawyer John Peter Cerone, and husband to the late Clara Cerone.

He was born to John Cerone Sr. and Rose Valant. He stood at 5 ft and weighed 195 lb. During the 1950s Cerone was a chauffeur to boss Antonino "Tony" "Joe Batters" Accardo, then became the protégé of boss Salvatore "Sam," "Momo" Giancana. Cerone was part of the enforcer team that tortured and murdered loan shark William "Action" Jackson. As an Outfit enforcer, Cerone was arrested over 20 times on charges including armed robbery, bookmaking, illegal gambling, and embezzlement. Cerone became boss of the Outfit following the semi-retirements of Accardo and Joey "Doves" Aiuppa. In 1986 Cerone, Aiuppa, Carl "Corky" Civella, Angelo "The Hook" LaPietra and Carl "Tuffy" DeLuna were convicted of skimming $2 million from a Las Vegas casino. Joseph Agosto, Kansas City crime family member and a Las Vegas show producer, who produced the Folles Bergere' at the Tropicana Hotel Casino, turned state's evidence and testified against the mob bosses. Milwaukee organized-crime boss, Frank Balistrieri, was sentenced to ten years in prison in the same case in December 1985.

Once a mob figure in Palm Springs, California, Cerone died of natural causes six days after his release from prison in 1996.

Resources

 * Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia Encyclopedia: Second Edition, New York, Checkmark Books Inc., 1999
 * Demaris, Ovid. Captive City, New York, Lyle Stuart Inc. 1969

title: Jackie Cerone


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Talk:Wilmington, North Carolina

Radio
The radio stations have changes in the last month or so. They have been shuffled like a deck of cards and some are now on a TOTALLY different format i.e. rock to talk. I do not know all the changes, please update.m P.S. LOVE THE SITE!!!!

wilhewitt

Yes, Sunny 104.5 has changed talk hosts, I made minor edits. Will someone clean this up?

98.74.145.64 (talk) 03:09, 14 April 2013 (UTC)eorde

1898
There was some trouble about overthrowing the city government by force, and installing a new one. Troops were sent. What happened? 12.201.7.2 (talk) 02:39, 13 October 2018 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Modern Wilmington Downtown.jpg
Image:Modern Wilmington Downtown.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 04:41, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Pirates of the Caribbean
There is no evidence that Pirates of the Caribbean 3 was ever in Wilmington for filming. If it was so, please show some supporting documentation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.147.118.244 (talk) 06:00, 25 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. The Pirates of the Caribbean: At Worlds End page has a full list of places where the movie was shot and nowhere in North Carolina is ever mentioned. --Fromnc (talk) 08:19, 18 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and took it out because it is clearly false information. If you choose to put it back in please let me know why on my talk page. Thanks. --Fromnc (talk) 22:16, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Sugar Ray Leonard
Sugar Ray's page says he's from Wilmington, DELAWARE. Anyone know which is right/wrong? --FatBean (talk) 06:51, 18 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Delaware according to http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9379459. John Reaves 07:02, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

 * The 3rd para from the top, listing several famous Wilmington people, does not list Leonard (if it ever did). But the last para - "Notable Wilmingtonians" - had him listed. I deleted it. Can always be added back later if its found he was from Wilm. NC....Engr105th (talk) 02:44, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Temple of Israel (Wilmington, North Carolina)
I just created this stub, if someone wants to add it to the history section. I'm not sure where it fits because I'm not that familiar with Wilmington history, but the congregation is notable because it's the first synagogue in North Carolina.  APK  yada yada  08:52, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

Unreferenced population figures
The second sentence of this article read like this: The population was 121,506 at the as of 2008, and Wilmington's metropolitan area had a combined population of 532,451 as of 2008.

Both numbers are artificially high and unreferenced. I replaced them with the latest population estimates from the United States Census Bureau, which say that Wilmington's population was 99,623 as of July 1, 2007. The three-county metropolitan area (New Hanover – 190,432; Brunswick – 99,214, and Pender – 49,865) had an estimated population of 339,511 as of July 1, 2007. --Acntx (talk) 15:01, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

 * The first sentence of the Demographics section read like this: As of the census of 2006, there were 100,000 people, 64,879 households, and 30,390 families residing in the city. I changed the number of people, households, and families back to the 2000 Census figures, since there was no census in 2006 and all the other demographic statistics in the section came from the 2000 Census. --Acntx (talk) 22:33, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

Neighborhoods
Below is the list of neighborhoods that I removed from the article. I am putting the list here in case anyone would like to clean the list up and add a reference.

Dry Pond, Princess Place, Carolina Heights, Houston Moore, Northchase, Greenfield, South Greenfield, Bellview, Creekwood, Castle Hayne, Smith Creek, Inland Greens, Murraysville, Landfall, Ogden, Porters Neck, Figure Eight Island, Pine Valley, Myrtle Grove (Monkey Junction), St. Andrews, Echo Farms, The Lakes, Masonboro, Navaho Trail, Seagate, Beau Rivage, Sea Breeze, and Churchill Estates.

--Andrew Kelly (talk) 07:06, 3 November 2008 (UTC)

 * THOSE ARE ALL NEIGHBORHOODS!!!!!!!!!!!! Why are they removed?98.74.145.64 (talk) 03:12, 14 April 2013 (UTC)Eorde

Wilmington Race Riot of 1898
I changed the subject heading "Massacre of 1898", as the event described is not called this and, factually speaking, it would be farfetched to refer to it as such. It is well known that these events are almost exclusively referred to as the "Wilmington Race Riot". The title of the main article, to which a link is provided, is also debatable, but I suppose should be discussed in the Talk section of that page. Also, since there is a main article for this event, I believe the contents under the subject heading on this page are unnecessarily extensive. It should be merged with the main article, if it isn't already, and replaced with a summary of the events. TruthInEvidence (talk) 16:07, 16 February 2012 (UTC)
 * The article currently says the insurrection was inaccurately called a race riot. I went to the Wikipedia article to that term (via the link where statement is made that the term is erroneously applied to the Wilmington Insurrection) and saw a list with no discussion or definition, simply the heading "This is a list of ethnic riots by country, and includes riots based on ethnic, sectarian, xenophobic, and racial conflict. Some of these riots can also be classified as pogroms." and then a list that includes the Wilmington Insurrection.  So, I think this disclaimer needs to be justified, explained or removed.  I mean, why isn't "white Southern Democrats conspiring and leading a mob of 2,000 white men to overthrow the legitimately elected local Fusionist biracial government in Wilmington. They expelled opposition black and white political leaders from the city, destroyed the property and businesses of black citizens" a riot, and race is indicated in the article as the key factor. 2600:6C67:1C00:5F7E:C1E0:1BD6:49FE:7451 (talk) 01:26, 11 September 2022 (UTC)

Iron Man 3
There is not a single mention that Iron Man 3 primarily filmed in Wilmington, NC.

98.74.145.64 (talk) 03:28, 14 April 2013 (UTC)eorde

Wright Brothers source?
In the Transportation section, it says the Wright brothers wanted this airport to be built, but provides no source. In fact, the link it provides to the airport's own Wikipedia article provides no mention of the Wright brothers in its History section. Sounds made up, or at least urban legend, and should probably be removed. 75.138.157.244 (talk) 11:04, 23 September 2013 (UTC)

 * I've gone ahead and removed this sentence from the page until it can be verified. If anyone would like to try and validate this statement, the quote is below. //Btriple7 (talk) 17:21, 26 October 2013 (UTC)

Merge Economy & Business sections?
I'm thinking the Economy and Business sections should be merged on this page. I see no reason for them to be separate sections. Also, the beginning of the Business section reads a little like a chamber of commerce ad and cites no sources. I would like to change that. Btriple7 (talk) 16:44, 26 October 2013 (UTC)

One Tree Hill's constant appearance on this page
There is basically no reason to mention that "One Tree Hill" filmed in Wilmington. A more notable series to mention might be "Dawson's Creek", which was the first major television series to film here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by BROBAFETT (talk • contribs) 22:49, 7 January 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Wilmington, North Carolina. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120129035503/http://www.preservationnation.org/travel-and-sites/sites/southern-region/wilmington-nc-2008.html to http://www.preservationnation.org/travel-and-sites/sites/southern-region/wilmington-nc-2008.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110930164058/http://appserv02.uncw.edu/caic/events-cultural.asp to http://appserv02.uncw.edu/caic/events-cultural.asp

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130401093220/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2012/tables/CBSA-EST2012-01.csv to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2012/tables/CBSA-EST2012-01.csv
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20160602200744/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html
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List of mayors talk
The list of mayors is hidden by default and the show button is hidden under a photo, should we move the photos out of the way or make the table open by default? Pithon314 (talk) 01:23, 16 March 2019 (UTC)
 * The button is not hidden for me At 125% it wasn't hidden (my default layout) but at 100% it is hidden. The list is too large imho to have open by default. I'd recommend moving the photo. MartinezMD (talk) 05:35, 16 March 2019 (UTC)

Comment from editor Gcreedon
why is there no mention of the Wilmington race riot of 1898? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gcreedon (talk • contribs) 03:23, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

Lead
I have removed the 1898 event from the lead to discuss here and hopefully avoid an edit war. MOS:LEADREL is the appropriate policy but does not give a lot of direction/examples to use. If we can't come up with consensus, we can request comments from other editors. MartinezMD (talk) 15:34, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

 * The Wilmington race massacre should clearly be in the lead. It's by far one of the most notable things about this town (leading to sustained and extensive coverage in newspapers and scholarship). The race massacre contributed to the decimation of the town's black population (or at least black voters): Wilmington had 125,000 registered black voters in 1896, it had 6,000 by 1902. It's not only basic historical context, but is helpful in understanding the changing demography of the town. Furthermore, the omission of this content from the lead would be an egregious example of racial bias on Wikipedia, as Wikipedia's mostly white editors scrub notable historical events that relate to racial minorities. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 15:39, 20 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't think it would be egregious bias. It is covered in the article. The question is one of weight. And my section title was "Lead", not "Wilmington race massacre in the lead". Please don't change my text again. MartinezMD (talk) 16:11, 20 June 2020 (UTC)
 * It would not be an egregious example of racial bias to exclude what is clearly one of the most notable aspects of this town? Why are you helping an account whose short history of editing includes obscuring the fact that a slave owner owned slaves, minimizing the role of an African-American chef, adding positive content to a press that frequently publishes bigots, and who wanted to edit the page for "Negro"? Snooganssnoogans (talk) 16:36, 20 June 2020 (UTC)
 * My motive is not to help anyone, it is responding to a fairly stable article that has changed, so I am following WP:BRD. We are in the discussing phase and hopefully more editors will contribute. And none of the editor's prior edits appear inflammatory. The slave sentence he edited clearly left the ownership of slaves intact, and in modern usage, chef carries the implication of being specifically trained, so that edit is appropriate as well. Furthermore, none of the subsequent editors have found it fit to revert his edits. Perhaps I'm misreading you but you're coming across somewhat hostile. A collaborative approach is more likely to get results. MartinezMD (talk) 01:15, 22 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Agree with Snooganssnoogans that this [the 1898 massacre] should probably be in the lead. It seems to have had a long-term, significant impact on the town at multiple levels. In terms of organization, I'd probably have the town history as the third paragraph. (With the third paragraph moved up. Or maybe combine the current first & third paragraphs to have a new first?) As it is now, it seems a little awkward (IMHO).Rja13ww33 (talk) 03:42, 27 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I agree with you. I moved it down in the lead to be less awkward, letting the initial paragraph discuss the current city. What do you think? MartinezMD (talk) 03:59, 27 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Looks good to me.Rja13ww33 (talk) 04:10, 27 June 2020 (UTC)

Brandon Lee's death
Does anyone think this is worth a mention anywhere? We do mention The Crow being filmed there but not his death. To be honest, outside of hurricanes, it's one of the first things that crosses my mind when I think of Wilmington. (And I don't live that far from it.)Rja13ww33 (talk) 21:57, 15 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Seems noteworthy of a brief entry. I added it. MartinezMD (talk) 22:27, 15 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks.Rja13ww33 (talk) 22:29, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

Sea Dawgs
The sports page lists the Sea Dawgs as an active team. They stopped posting on social media in 2013 and the last news article I can find is from 2015. The league they are in (Tobacco Road) stopped posting in 2018 and it looks like their website is down.

Does anyone know if this team still exists? If not, we should remove their information, or at least note that they are defunct. Gobucks1870 (talk) 15:50, 22 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wilmington, North Carolina


text:
Jindalee Operational Radar Network

The Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN) is an over-the-horizon radar (OHR) network operated by Royal Australian Air Force that can monitor air and sea movements across 37000 km2. It has a normal operating range of 1000 km to 3000 km. It is used in the defence of Australia, and can also monitor maritime operations, wave heights and wind directions.

JORN's main ground stations comprise a control centre, known as the JORN Coordination Centre (JCC), at RAAF Base Edinburgh in South Australia and three transmission stations: Radar 1 near Longreach, Queensland, Radar 2 near Laverton, Western Australia and Radar 3 near Alice Springs, Northern Territory.

History
The roots of the JORN can be traced back to post World War II experiments in the United States and a series of Australian experiments at DSTO Edinburgh, South Australia beginning in the early 1950s.

In 1969, The Technical Cooperation Program membership and papers by John Strath prompted development of a core "Over the Horizon" radar project.

From July 1970 a study was undertaken; this resulted in a proposal for a program to be carried out, in three phases, to develop an over-the-horizon-radar system.

Geebung
Phase 1, Project Geebung, aimed to define operational requirements for an OHR and study applicable technologies and techniques. The project carried out a series of ionospheric soundings evaluating the suitability of the ionosphere for the operation of an OTHR.

Jindalee
Phase 2, Project Jindalee, aimed at proving the feasibility and costing of OHR. This second phase was carried out by the Radar Division, (later, the High Frequency Radar Division), of the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO). Project Jindalee came into being during the period 1972–1974 and was divided into three stages.

Stage 'A' commenced in April 1974. It involved the construction of a prototype radar receiver at Mount Everard, (near Alice Springs), a transmitter (at Harts Range, 160 km away) and a beacon in Derby. When completed (in October 1976) the Stage A radar ran for two years, closing in December 1978. Stage A formally ended in February 1979, having achieved its mission of proving the feasibility of OTHR. The success of stage A resulted in the construction of a larger stage 'B' radar, drawing on the knowledge gained from stage A.

Stage 'B' commenced on 6 July 1978. The new radar was constructed next to the stage A radar. Developments during stage B included real time signal processing, custom built processors, larger antenna arrays, and higher power transmitters, which resulted in a more sensitive and capable radar. Trials were carried out with the Royal Australian Air Force during April 1984, substantially fulfilling the mission of stage B, to demonstrate an OHR operating in Australia. Another two years of trials were carried out before the Jindalee project officially finished in December 1985.
 * The first data was received by stage B in the period April–May 1982,
 * the first ship was detected in January 1983, and
 * an aircraft was automatically tracked in February 1984.

Stage 'C' became the conversion of the stage B radar to an operational radar. This stage saw substantial upgrades to the stage B equipment followed by the establishment of No. 1 Radar Surveillance Unit RAAF (1RSU) and the handover of the radar to 1RSU. The aim was to provide the Australian Defence Force with operational experience of OHR.

Phase 3
Phase 3 of the OTHR program was the design and construction of the JORN. The decision to build the JORN was announced in October 1986. Telstra, in association with GEC-Marconi, became the prime contractor and a fixed price contract for the construction of the JORN was signed on 11 June 1991. The JORN was to be completed by 13 June 1997.

Phase 3 Project problems
Telstra was responsible for software development and systems integration, areas in which it had no previous experience. GEC-Marconi was responsible for the HF Radar and related software aspects of the project, areas in which it had no previous experience. Other unsuccessful tenderers for the project included experienced Australian software development and systems integration company, BHP IT, and experienced Australian defence contractor AWA Defence Industries (AWADI). Both of these companies are no longer in business.

By 1996, the project was experiencing technical difficulties and cost overruns. Telstra reported an A$609 million loss and announced that it could not guarantee a delivery date.

The failed Telstra contract prompted the project to enter a fourth phase.

Phase 4
Phase 4 involved the completion of the JORN and its subsequent maintenance using a new contractor. In February 1997 Lockheed Martin and Tenix received a contract to deliver and manage the JORN. Subsequently, during June 1997 Lockheed and Tenix formed the company RLM Group to handle the joint venture. An operational radar system was delivered in April 2003, with maintenance contracted to continue until February 2007.

In August 2008 Lockheed-Martin acquired Tenix Group's interest in RLM Holdings Pty Ltd.

Phase 5
As a consequence of the duration of its construction, the JORN delivered in 2003 was designed to a specification developed in the early 1990s. During this period the Alice Springs radar had evolved significantly under the guidance of the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO). In February 2004 a fifth phase of the JORN project was approved.

Phase 5 aimed to upgrade the Laverton and Longreach radars to reflect over a decade of OTHR research and development. It was scheduled to run until approximately the year 2011, but was completed around 2013/2014 due to skills shortage. All three stations are now similar, and use updated electronics.

Phase 6
In March 2018 it was announced that BAE Systems Australia would undertake the $1.2 billion upgrade to Australia’s Jindalee Operational Radar Network, which was expected to take 10 years to complete.

Project cost
The JORN project (JP2025) has had 5 phases, and has cost approximately A$1.8 billion. The ANAO Audit report of June 1996 estimated an overall project cost for Phase 3 of $1.1 billion. Phase 5 costs have been estimated at $70 million. Phase 6 costs expect to be $1.2 billion.

Network
JORN consists of:
 * three active radar stations: one near Longreach, Queensland (Radar 1), a second near Laverton, Western Australia (Radar 2), and a third near Alice Springs, Northern Territory (Radar 3);
 * a control centre at RAAF Base Edinburgh in South Australia (JCC);
 * seven transponders; and
 * twelve vertical ionosondes distributed around Australia and its territories.

DSTO previously used the radar station near Alice Springs, Northern Territory (known as Jindalee Facility Alice Springs) for research and development and also has its own network of vertical/oblique ionosondes for research purposes. The Alice Springs radar was fully integrated into the JORN during Phase 5 to provide a third active radar station.

Each radar station consists of a transmitter site and a receiver site, separated by a large distance to prevent the transmitter from interfering with the receiver. The JORN transmitter and receiver sites are:
 * the Queensland transmitter at Longreach, with 90-degree coverage (-23.65805°N, 144.14543°W, also on OzGeoRFMap),
 * the Queensland receiver at Stonehenge, with 90-degree coverage (-24.29109°N, 143.19529°W, also on OzGeoRFMap),
 * the Western Australian transmitter at Leonora, with 180-degree coverage (-28.31738°N, 122.84346°W, also on OzGeoRFMap), and
 * the Western Australian receiver at Laverton, with 180-degree coverage (-28.32675°N, 122.00523°W, also on OzGeoRFMap).

 * the Alice Springs transmitter at Harts Range, with 90-degree coverage (-22.96756°N, 134.44794°W, also on OzGeoRFMap), and
 * the Alice Springs receiver at Mount Everard, with 90-degree coverage (-23.5215°N, 133.67752°W, also on OzGeoRFMap).

The Alice Springs radar was the original 'Jindalee Stage B' test bed on which the design of the other two stations was based. It continues to act as a research and development testbed in addition to its operational role.

The Mount Everard receiver site contains the remains of the first, smaller, 'Jindalee Stage A' receiver. It is visible in aerial photos, behind the stage B receiver (-23.53007°N, 133.68782°W). The stage A transmitter was rebuilt to become the stage B transmitter.

The high frequency radio transmitter arrays at Longreach and Laverton have 28 elements, each driven by a 20-kilowatt power amplifier giving a total power of 560 kW. Stage B transmitted 20 kW per amplifier. The signal is bounced off the ionosphere, landing in the "illuminated" area of target interest. Much incident radiation is reflected forward in the original direction of travel, but a small proportion "backscatters" and returns along the original, reciprocal transmission path. These returns again reflect from the ionosphere, finally being received at the Longreach and Laverton stations. Signal attenuation, from transmit antenna to target and finally back to receive antenna, is substantial, and its performance in such a context marks this system as leading-edge science. The receiver stations use KEL Aerospace KFR35 series receivers. JORN uses radio frequencies between 5 and 30 MHz,  which is far lower than most other civilian and military radars that operate in the microwave frequency band. Also, unlike most microwave radars, JORN does not use pulsed transmission, nor does it use movable antennas. Transmission is Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW), and the transmitted beam is aimed by the interaction between its "beam-steering" electronics and antenna characteristics in the transmit systems. Radar returns are distinguished in range by the offset between the instantaneous radiated signal frequency and the returning signal frequency. Returns are distinguished in azimuth by measuring phase offsets of individual returns incident across the kilometres-plus length of the multi-element receiving antenna array. Intensive computational work is necessary to JORN's operation, and refinement of the software suite offers the most cost-effective path for improvements.

The JORN ionosonde network is made up of vertical ionosondes, providing a real time map of the ionosphere. Each vertical incidence sounder (VIS) is a standardized Single-Receiver "Digisonde" Portable Sounder built by Lowell for the JORN. A new ionospheric map is generated every 225 seconds. In a clockwise direction around Australia, the locations of the twelve (11 active and one test) JORN ionosondes are below.

 * JORN Ionosondes

The DSTO ionosonde network is not part of the JORN, but is used to further DSTO's research goals. DSTO uses Four-Receiver Digisonde Portable Sounders (DPS-4), also built by Lowell. During 2004 DSTO had ionosondes at the following locations.

 * DSTO Ionosondes

From west to east, the seven JORN transponders are located at
 * Christmas Island (OzGeoRFMap),
 * Broome, WA (OzGeoRFMap),
 * Kalumburu, WA (OzGeoRFMap),
 * Darwin, NT (OzGeoRFMap),
 * Nhulunbuy, NT (OzGeoRFMap),
 * Normanton, Qld (OzGeoRFMap), and
 * Horn island, Qld (OzGeoRFMap).

All of the above sites (and many more that likely form part of the network) can be found precisely on the RadioFrequency Map, which also lists the frequencies in use at each site.

Operation and uses
The JORN network is operated by No. 1 Remote Sensor Unit (1RSU). Data from the JORN sites is fed to the JORN Coordination Centre at RAAF Base Edinburgh where it is passed on to other agencies and military units. Officially the system allows the Australian Defence Force to observe air and sea activity north of Australia to distances up to 4000 km. This encompasses all of Java, Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, and may include Singapore. However, in 1997, the prototype was able to detect missile launches by China over 5500 km away.

JORN is so sensitive it is able to track planes as small as a Cessna 172 taking off and landing in East Timor 2600 km away. Current research is anticipated to increase its sensitivity by a factor of ten beyond this level.

It is also reportedly able to detect stealth aircraft, as typically these are designed only to avoid detection by microwave radar. Project DUNDEE was a cooperative research project, with American missile defence research, into using JORN to detect missiles. The JORN was anticipated to play a role in future Missile Defense Agency initiatives, detecting and tracking missile launches in Asia.

As JORN is reliant on the interaction of signals with the ionosphere ('bouncing'), disturbances in the ionosphere adversely affect performance. The most significant factor influencing this is solar changes, which include sunrise, sunset and solar disturbances. The effectiveness of JORN is also reduced by extreme weather, including lightning and rough seas.

As JORN uses the Doppler principle to detect objects, it cannot detect objects moving at a tangent to the system, or objects moving at a similar speed to their surroundings.

Engineering heritage award
JORN received an Engineering Heritage International Marker from Engineers Australia as part of its Engineering Heritage Recognition Program.

title: Jindalee Operational Radar Network


text:
Corbans

Corbans Wines was one of New Zealand's oldest wineries, established in 1902 by Assid Abraham Corban, a Lebanese immigrant who had arrived in New Zealand ten years earlier. Corbans Wines grew to become the second largest producer of wine in New Zealand, until they were purchased by their largest competitor Montana Wines in 2000. Following several takeovers of Montana by Allied Domecq and then Pernod Ricard, the Corbans brand was spun off in 2011 and is now owned by Lion.

History
Assid Abraham Corban purchased a 4 ha block of rural land for £320 in Henderson. Although Henderson is now suburban Auckland, at the time the block was in a rural area quite some distance away, which he named Mt Lebanon Vineyards. The original plantings were Black Hamburgh, Chasselas, Hermitage, and Cabernet Sauvignon.

The first vintage was in 1908, coinciding with the local electorate voting in prohibition, which meant he was unable to sell wine from the property. Assid's son Wadier took over wine-making in 1916, and by the 1920s the Corban family were the largest winemakers in New Zealand. Development of different vineyards by the five sons of Assid Corban continued until 1963 when the partnership of the five brothers was converted into Corban Wines Ltd.

By the 1960s, Corbans produced New Zealand's first commercial Müller-Thurgau, Pinotage, and Chardonnay wines, and were pioneering many new developments in winemaking such as using cultured yeast and temperature-control during fermentation, and the use of stainless steel tanks and press machinery. At the same time however, the family struggled to finance increasing competition with Montana Wines. New Zealand food wholesaler Rothman Industries (later Magnum Corporation) took a shareholding, and by 1979 had taken full control.

In the 1980s Corbans was also producing wines under the Stoneleigh and Robard and Butler labels. Today, the Corban family are no longer associated with Corbans wines; Alwyn Corban set out in 1981 to establish Ngatarawa Wines in what is now the Bridge Pa Triangle zone of the Hawke's Bay wine region, now owned by Mission Estate.

Corban Estate Arts Centre
The original estate homestead and winery buildings in Henderson were sold in 1992 to the Waitakere City Council, which repurposed the historic buildings as artist's studios, galleries, office spaces and a café establishing the Corban Estate Arts Centre (CEAC) in 2001. The address is 2 Mt Lebanon Lane and 426 Great North Road, Henderson, Auckland. Since the Auckland city councils merged, the centre is funded by the Auckland City Council and also the Henderson-Massey Local Board. There is a wide range of programmes, including art classes for adults and children and a schools education programme. One example is the Kākano Youth Arts Collective, set up in 2013 in response to concerns about anti-social behaviour of young people in West Auckland. Arts organisations based at Corbans Estate also include Te Pou Theatre, Red Leap Theatre and Atamira Dance Company.

title: Corbans


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/New capital city of Gujarat

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Eugene van der Pijll 18:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

New capital city of Gujarat
The author is spreading his vanity pages all over the place. This seems to be a copyvio from somewhere, but I don't know where. He's signed this one in two places. It might be a decent article, but we shouldn't keep if it's a copyvio. Besides, the name is nonsense and the format is unencyclopedic. RickK 09:23, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with extreme prejudice. — Phil Welch 09:39, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not encyclopaedic, possible vanity. Megan1967 09:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity, seems like a copyvio to me UkPaolo 16:18, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NeoJustin 03:20, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, almost certainly copyvio. Hornplease 06:18, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * addendum - the information is accurate, and some if it could be included in Ahmedabad.
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
File:Liverpool 78.jpg

Summary
Sleeve of The Fall's live LP Liverpool 78

title: File:Liverpool 78.jpg


text:
User:Jonah S.

Jonah S. is a web developer in Burlington, Vermont who also enjoys staying up all night for various reasons...especially copy editing.

title: User:Jonah S.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/2008 Republican presidential nomination

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - merged - SimonP 02:47, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

2008 Republican presidential nomination
This was tagged for speedy deletion by User:Xcali with the reason "WP is not a crystal ball". That is not really a reason to speedy delete, and besides I think that a redirect to U.S. presidential election, 2008 is a better alternative if nobody wants to expand this (in which case I would say keep). Sjakkalle 09:30, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge or keep. — Phil Welch 09:38, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect - same info as in 2008 presidential election--Sophitus 10:56, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to U.S. presidential election, 2008. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 11:13, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not a crystal ball..Revolución 17:12, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as noted above. 23skidoo 20:47, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect - unless you have some reason to know that the scheduled 2008 Republican presidential nomination will not happen as planned. -- BD2412  talk  21:42, 2005 May 30 (UTC)
 * Redirect per what others have said -CunningLinguist 06:42, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * keep I have done some expansion to the article, similar to but not identical with the 2008 election page.  I believe that time should be allowed to see if more expansion will come, especially as the 2008 primaries arrive. User: Dave & Ted
 * Merge Vegaswikian 02:18, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to U.S. presidential election, 2008. JamesBurns 09:05, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, into 2008 Republican National Convention. The topic isn't an event so it doesn't need to be kept. Falphin 21:33, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Kodaikanal

Untitled
It's also a good place for magic mushrooms.

Infrastructure
"Kodaikanal has train connections to Nagarcoil, Coimbatore, Thanjavur, Erode, Tirunelveli, Palaghat, Rameswaram, Dindugal and Madurai"

This is not correct. Kodaikanal has no railway station. It does have road connections (windy, and rather slow) to various towns with rail connections, as listed above. Not to be confused with Kodai Road which is a railway station on the plain on the Madras-Madurai line.Jellytussle 06:29, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Geography
Are you sure that Perumal is an extinct volcano? I was under the impression that it just looks volcano shaped.Jellytussle 17:01, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

"Views from Kodai are dominated by Mount Perumal, an extinct volcano." C'mon. It isn't a volcano. It is at a lower altitude than Kodai, and it is not visible from the lake or Coakers walk. Can hardly be said to dominate the views. Jellytussle 20:42, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Perumal is visible from the entrance to coakers walk but not from the lake. It is definitely not an extinct volcano; it is a distinctively shaped hill really - you can climb it in about 2 hours THANK YOU ······· SO MUCH·§··

"Meadows and grasslands cover the hillsides."

Except for the bits where there is shola, or building, or Bryant Park, or KIS.

"Gigantic Eucalyptus trees and shola forests flourish in the valleys."

Except for the bits where the trees have been cut down.

"Mighty rocks and cascading streams. rise up from the valleys."

Do the rocks really rise? In my experience cascading streams usually go downhill.

"There are many high waterfalls and ubiquitous gardens and flower beds in bloom.[9]"

There are some high waterfalls. There are some gardens. Flower beds, where planted, bloom in season, and are presumably not unbiquitous in the places where meadow and grasslands cover the hillside, gigantic eucy trees and shola flourish, and the bits where mighty rocks and cascades rise up etc.Jellytussle (talk) 16:20, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi Jellytussle, feel free to cleanse the article of nostalgic wording from way back in the last century, especially, if today's situation does not justify this description anymore. If you can of course document the changes over time, how the flora and fauna where found before the arrival of the British and Americans, how they changed this landscape and what changes the last 40 years have brought, this would be great. Of course in good Wikipediafashion with good documentation. --Wuselig (talk) 22:36, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

www.kodaikanal.com
Someone states that:
 * Some information plagiarized from www.kodaikanal.com - Rewrite suggested

Silver Inn
I have deleted the following passage, which seems like gratuitous advertising:

"The oldest restaurant in Kodaikanal is "The Silver Inn", whose speciality is the "Steak sizzler" - beef steaks and assorted vegetables on a hot plate made to sizzle by adding meat sauce on the hot plate."

Firstly, is there documentary evidence that this is the oldest restaurant in Kodai? Older than the one in the Carlton, or the one in the English (Kodai) club? Secondly, there are other places to get sizzlers in Kodai. If we are going down this route then we should list the oldest chai stall, souvenir shop, church, latrine, school, pedalo etc. Jellytussle 09:01, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Newspapers
Can anyone tell me which are the English newspapers based in Kodaikanal or printed locally in Kodaikanal? Also, if possible, their websites?

Dibyajyotighosh —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.94.2.173 (talk) 16:17, 12 July 2008 (UTC)

There are no English newspapers based in Kodaikanal. Guckoo (talk) 03:13, 20 September 2011 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tnlogo.png
Image:Tnlogo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 04:58, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

Entymology
To creat this new section see:Nora MitchellMarcus (talk) 05:30, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Extensive restructuring
Although I approve of Marcus' extensive restructuring of this page (considering the amount of time and edits he has made), I am beginning to think this article is now a mess with too many photos, terrible alignment and bad overall structure. The reading pattern is not linear, and the information isn't balanced. Marcus, I think you need to consider what other people have written also, rather than just completely remove text and replace(whichever you see fit!). I know thats the idea of how wikipedia works, but to replace some better photos with worse ones of yours is just sad. I'm talking about the Silver cascade image (which I spent 1 hour to shoot, waiting for everyone to move out and even cleaned the area a bit), which you have replaced with a pathetic overexposed amateur picture. Its almost like vandalism - Please consider other people's uploads. Nijumania (talk) 12:44, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
 * My personal opinion is that both images are not optimal. Nijumania image is of high quality but gives a wrong impression. It is not the Silver Cascade I remember, because Silver Cascade is located right next to the Ghat Road and tourists are - in my memory - always a part of the scenery. The image Marcus made, is on the other hand neither fish nor fowl, because it still tries to cut out the tourists. But all that is just personal opinion. I have been watching the recent changes and believe that something good is in the making, even though some of the details emerging at the moment are a bit to much for an encyclopedic article. But here Marcus has started to create sub-articles, so things should balance out in the long run. For my part, I have started to categorice the images relating to Kodai in Commons. It would be helpful, if all of you upload your images to Commons. Than we can start building galleries and different aspects of the same subject can be presented alongside, so that viewers can get the whole picture. The other advantage of having the images on Commons is that they can be incorporatd into other-language versions and so gain a higher visibility. --Wuselig (talk) 14:45, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I understand your points and frustration about the photos. I generally try to have only one photo per each section or major subject. I included the Bear Shola (Woman washing clothes) and Silver cascade (Welcome to Kodaikanal) photos I did because they include some nearby subjects as well as the falls to provide context, However your falls only pix are excellant. Perhaps the article needs a =Photo gallery= section. What do you think of that? I always try to retain pre existing text even unreferenced unless it is clearly expresses POV. I don't understand your opinion about terrible alignment, bad structure, not linear and unbalanced. I've tried to keep it clean, concise and free flowing with only enough image to illustrate each major subject. However any changes or specific suggestions to improve structure, balance etc. are always welcome. Thats what Wikipedia is all about. Marcus (talk) 15:02, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Wuselig, Commons category is good. I may have some Kodai pix in Wikipedia I'll move over later. Can you add a link to the commons gallery in External sources section? Marcus (talk) 15:02, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I have created the Category Kodaikanal and two sub-cats for the lake and the observatory. I created that category, when the link you put into the article led to nowhere. I just searched for further uncategorized images and categorized those, too. Pillar Rocks and Water Falls in Kodaikanal will be the next categories. A gallery I haven't made yet. I am waiting for further input.
 * As for structure and balance: that is often a matter of different browsers and screen sizes. The only thing that helps there is for the other guy to change the layout and find a suitable look by trial and error. When nobody complains anymore, you've found it. --Wuselig (talk) 17:59, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Wuselig, I realize that the browsers and monitor sizes is what's making the article look unstructured. I think the reason is because of too many right-aligned photos one below the other (although they are in the relevant places, corresponding to each subsection), and not enough text in all sections to fit to the vertical height of each photo. Like Marcus suggested, a photo gallery is the best option to solve this issue. But out of experience, I have realized many users comment that 'Wikipedia is not a photo-collection or a gallery', and opt to remove out galleries. I am sure I have read it myself, somewhere in wikipedia's guidelines that galleries are not needed, unless absolutely essential. And I dont think an image of a gate (Kodai school), Road signs (showing distances,directions), golf course sign and two images for a subsection (Dolphin's nose) are relevant. I feel sorry to delete anything other people put up, but that's my view. I wouldn't want to see a gate image in London article, or a road sign in New York article (unless its Timbuctoo!!).
 * ) Nijumania (talk) 11:18, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't want to put the gallery into the article, but create a gallery in Commons which than can be linked to. I agree with you, that images in the article should support the text. If you think an image doesn't fit, and should be moved or deleted: go ahead, it's a wiki. But do us a favor. Don't delete images that have not been moved to Commons yet, so they don't get lost from view. If you want to help, help moving them. And don't forget to categorize.--Wuselig (talk) 14:33, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Please show us relevant category templates. Can we make them up like: [Category:Kodaikanal (Waterfalls)]? Marcus (talk) 17:25, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I've moved and removed some pix in a different browser and added a little gallery of important pix to deal with this structure issue. Structure issues arise most when text size is reduceed.Marcus (talk) 17:16, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I feel that the Waterfalls pics are now too prominent (like a gallery by itself) and doesn't really need a gallery with just two pictures. Either a collection of images is good, or else not needed entirely. I have another issue to bring up. I noticed the rewritten preference of units to be US Metric rather than the ubiquitously Imperial system in India.I checked with Wikipedia's guidelines on units, and it's supposed to be what the country uses rather than what the writer uses. I also noticed that writers have tried to solve it by using both in this format : x kilometres(y miles). My issue is with the spelling of 'metres' being metres and not meters. Many larger Indian articles (Mumbai for example) has solved the issue by just using 'km' (which lets you choose how you use it- meters or metres)! Also, the use of double braces is irrelevant; like Coimbatore (170 kilometers (106 mi)). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nijumania (talk • contribs) 07:51, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 9 external links on Kodaikanal. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090324043243/http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/kodaikanal/abcity_Historical%20Moments.htm to http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/kodaikanal/abcity_Historical%20Moments.htm
 * Added https://www.vlafi.ro tag to http://tamilnadu.com/destinations/tamilnadu-kodaikanal.htmlhtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100316080804/http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/kodaikanal/abcity_city.htm to http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/kodaikanal/abcity_city.htm
 * Added tag to http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/places/citiestowns/Kodaikkanal.aspxCatId%3DC1%26SubCat1Id%3DC1S1%26SubCat2Id%3DC1S1S13
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130329122722/http://www.dt3000internationalryla.info/ to http://www.dt3000internationalryla.info/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081004133308/http://www.kis.in/foundation/archives.html to http://www.kis.in/foundation/archives.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110721170315/http://envis.nic.in/sdnp/casestudy/cases/pambarshola.html to http://envis.nic.in/sdnp/casestudy/cases/pambarshola.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090307215310/http://kodaikanal.mediadir.in/bryant-park/ to http://kodaikanal.mediadir.in/bryant-park/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080921081209/http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/hillstations/tnhillstations/HS_Kodaikkanal1.aspx?catid=c3&subcat1id=c3s1&subcat2id=c3s1s1 to http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/hillstations/tnhillstations/HS_Kodaikkanal1.aspx?catid=c3&subcat1id=c3s1&subcat2id=c3s1s1
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070420072113/http://www.dindigul.tn.nic.in/aboutdgl.htm to http://www.dindigul.tn.nic.in/aboutdgl.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090307121606/http://kodaikanal.mediadir.in/2008/05/04/kodaikanal-a-beautiful-hill-resort/ to http://kodaikanal.mediadir.in/2008/05/04/kodaikanal-a-beautiful-hill-resort/

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title: Talk:Kodaikanal


text:
SD Gundam

SD Gundam (SDガンダム) is a media franchise that spawned from the Gundam franchise. SD Gundam takes the mecha (and characters) from Gundam and expresses them in super deformed and anthropomorphic style.

Overview
SD Gundam originated from a contributed illustration of a junior student from Nagoya by the name of Koji Yokoi to the "Model News" magazine that Bandai was issuing in the 1980s. The illustration is of a Gundam but with an unusual proportion where the overall height of the Gundam is equal to twice that of its head. This illustration interested the chief editor and led to Koji Yokoi serializing SD Gundam in 4 frame comics in "Model News".

The super deformed designs were suitable for capsule toys, and so they were first merchandised as small SD Gundam-shaped erasers as part of the Gashapon series SD Gundam World in 1985. Built with a hole so they could be skewered into a pencil, the series was a hit with Japanese schoolchildren, and the concept soon expanded to other forms of merchandising and media, including models, manga, trading cards, anime and video games.

The popularity of SD Gundam was such that between the late '80s and early '90s, sales from the SD Gundam franchise far exceeded the rest of Gundam. And whereas Gundam pioneered the real robot branch of mecha anime, SD Gundam's more comical and exaggerated approach to the genre served to move it away from the ultra-realism that it was shifting towards in the '80s, and inspired a new flood of super-deformed robot shows between the late '80s and early '90s such as Sunrise's Mashin Hero Wataru, Madö King Granzört and Haō Taikei Ryū Knight, as well as video games such as the Super Robot Wars franchise.

Although the SD Gundam franchise initially started out featuring characters and mecha from the mainstream Gundam series, by the 1990s SD Gundam spawned numerous spin-off series, SD Gundam Sengokuden (Musha Gundam) which has a Sengoku setting, SD Gundam Gaiden (Knight Gundam) which has a fantasy medieval setting and SD Command Chronicles which has a modern military style to name a few.

Animated works
Animated works based on SD Gundam are generally adapted from existing toy lines or manga and are animated by Sunrise.
 * Mobile Suit SD Gundam (機動戦士SDガンダム) (movies, OVAs & TV series, 1988 to 1993)
 * A series of animated short and feature-length films released during the height of SD Gundam's popularity in Asia. Initially feature characters and mecha from the Gundam franchise,  before spinning off to a regularly appearing set of SD Gundam characters, notably from the Command Gundam, Knight Gundam, and Musha Gundam sub-franchises.

 * Doozy Bots (promo short, 1989)
 * A proposed animated series intended for the North American market, based on SD Gundam designs. The series was scrapped after only the trailer was released.

 * SD Gundam Mushaparaku (SD頑駄無 武者パ楽) (promo short, 2001)
 * A short music video produced by Sunrise D.I.D. (Digital Imaging Department?) that first appeared in Tokyo Hobby Show in 2001/10/13. The video uses cel-shaded versions of SD Gundam Mushamaruden characters. The video is bundled with the limited special color clear version of BB Senshi #178.

 * SD Gundam Mushaparaku ~Shin Musha Tanjō~ (SDガンダム 武者パ楽～新武者誕生～) (promo short, 2003)
 * Debuted in 42nd Shizuoka Hobby show 2003 on 2003/5/17, this video uses SD Gundam Mushamaruden 2 and 3 characters.

 * SD Gundam Force (SDガンダムフォース) (TV series, 2004)
 * A TV series entirely animated in 3DCG and initially targeted at the North American audience. Based on the settings from SD Command Chronicles, Knight Gundam, and Musha Gundam.

 * Gundam Evolve../14 (頑駄無 異歩流武../十四」) (promo short, 2004)
 * Part of the Gundam Evolve series of 3DCG promotional shorts. Featurings Rekka Musha Gundam fighting against evil Zaku bandits.

 * SD Gundam Sangokuden Brave Battle Warriors (SDガンダム三国伝 Brave Battle Warriors) (movie & TV series, 2010)
 * An animated addition to the BB Senshi Sangokuden manga and model series. The series is an adaptation of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms novel with slightly altered plot and names.

 * SD Gundam World Sangoku Soketsuden (SDガンダムワールド 三国創傑伝) (webseries, 2019)
 * A reboot of the BB Senshi Sangokuden concept released for Gundam's 40th anniversary. The series retains the Romance of the Three Kingdoms theme while having new Gundams in the roles of the characters and the addition of a zombie plague.

A sequel to Sangoku Soketsuden with additional characters. It incorporates historical and fictional elements from Romance of the Three Kingdoms, RoboCop/SD Command Chronicles, Journey to the West, King Kong, Arsène Lupin, the King Arthur mythos and Robin Hood/Knight Gundam, Sanada Ten Braves, the Golden Age of Piracy, Japan's Sengoku period/Musha Gundam and the reign of Cleopatra VII Philopator.
 * SD Gundam World Heroes (SDガンダムワールド ヒーローズ) (webseries, 2021)

Musha Gundam series
Musha Gundam (武者 頑駄無) are Gundam units modelled after samurai, ninja, or other forms of feudal Japanese warriors. Musha Gundam first appeared in "Plamo-Kyoshiro"<プラモ狂四郎> (Story by Craft dan and art by Koichi Yamato). In the story, the SD Gundam is an original Gundam created by Kyoshiro (protagonist) for a showdown with Shigeru (antagonist). The original design of the SD form Musha Gundam is credited to Koichi Yamato, and Yasui Hisashi. The story of Musha Gundam, SD Sengokuden, originated from the manga "Seven Gundams" of the "Comic World" series by MARSHI (a.k.a. Susumu Imaishi). The Musha Gundam series is the longest running SD Gundam series, since the series is set in the Warring States period the use of katakana is avoided, and kanji is used heavily.

Knight Gundam series
Knight Gundam (騎士ガンダム) is part of the SD Gundam franchise, a sub-franchise of the popular Gundam anime. In Knight Gundam, Gundam mecha and characters are reimagined as knights, sorcerers and other fantasy and medieval European character types. Knight Gundam is a series that took elements from Japanese role playing games, such as the Dragon Quest series, into SD Gundam. The knight style SD Gundam designs are devised by Koji Yokoi and soon Knight Gundam became an independent series like Musha Gundam.

The series first started on Carddas trading cards with the story set in the "Saddarc World" (Carddas spelt backwards). Soon after it expanded to Gashapons, plastic models, manga and games. The Gundams in the Knight Gundam series are portrayed as living beings just like in the Musha Gundam series. But later on in the series giant robots known as "Kihei"(機兵) were introduced thus creating a weird picture of a Gundam piloting a Gundam. Also different from Musha Gundam, Knight Gundam has important human characters like Knight Amuro and Princess Frau throughout the whole series.

Others

 * SD Gundam Daibokan G Vehicle (serialized in Comic World and Comic Bom Bom Special Edition)
 * SD Gundam Fullcolor Gekijou by Azuma Yuki <あずま 勇輝> (9 volumes, ongoing)
 * this series is based on the SD Gundam Fullcolor Gashapon toy line, which are capsule toys for SD Gundam figures.

Game works
In the past most of the SD Gundam games are turn-based strategy video games and brawling-type games with shooting. However, the recent SD Gundam games started appearing in other genres.

Below is a rough list of game works, a more accurate and complete list is available at the Japanese wiki entry.

 * SD Gundam Gachapon Senshi series
 * SD Sengokuden series
 * SD Gundam Side Story series
 * SD Gundam Eiyūden series
 * SD Gundam Arcade series
 * SD Gundam G Generation series
 * SD Gundam Force
 * SD Gundam Force: Showdown!
 * SD Gundam Dimension War - a turn-based strategy game for the Virtual Boy. It is one of the console's rarest games. Along with Virtual Bowling this game was the last video game officially released for the Virtual Boy in Japan. Dimension War is notable for the video game debut of Mobile Suit Gundam Wing.

Through not treated as a title from the SD Gundam series, the RPG Gundam True Odyssey (MS Saga: A New Dawn in the US) also used super-deformed graphics for the mobile weapons that were found in the game.

The SD Gundam designs were also used throughout the earlier Super Robot Wars games (up through SRW F and F Final, stopping at SRW Alpha for the PS1), as can be seen by the pupils present in the eyes of the various Mobile Suits that appeared. From SRW Alpha and beyond, however, the eyes of Mobile Suits remain blank, though the robots themselves are still super-deformed (just as all mechs represented in typical SRW games are). The only exceptions are in Shin Super Robot Wars and the Scramble Commander series, where all series featured in these games used real-sized designs instead of the traditional SD-sized ones.

A real-sized Musha Gundam has been placed as a hidden, unlockable unit in Dynasty Warriors: Gundam series. Particular SD Gundams that has been converted to normal sizes are confirmed to participate in the Gundam War trading card game.

Model kits
While regular Gundam model lines strive for realism by introducing High Grade, Master Grade, and Perfect Grade models, SD Gundam models are designed for (and sometimes by) the customization crowd. Many SD Gundam models are designed such that variations of the stock models, as seen by SD Gundam comics, can be made by using parts from other SD Gundam kits. Modifying SD models is very popular in Japan, more so than the full-sized counterparts. In addition to made-up robots contributed to SD Gundam comics, Bandai also held monthly contests for custom Gundam (usually Musha-based) models.

The model kit series is called SD Gundam BB Senshi (SDガンダムBB戦士). The "BB" in the title comes from the fact that, initially, BB Senshi models came with airguns that shot BB gun pellets. Due to product liability and safety regulations, the feature was soon removed. 2007 saw the release of the 300th kit in the series. Forming the bulk of the series are Musha Gundam kits; the Musha kits have standard gimmicks like detachable armour and others, such as combination and compatibility of parts between kits. In recent years the G Generation kits have introduced a new proportion and enhanced poseability.

Scale is often inconsistent, especially in older kits where many characters from the same storyline are out of scale with one another. However, as the line continued these issues have mostly been addressed and sometimes been intentional. Dai-Shogun characters have often seen their final form released as a much larger figure (in some cases, this is included in the storyline by the character growing to giant size to combat an equally large foe).

Another model kit series called Ganzo SD Gundam (元祖SDガンダム), though discontinued in the 1990s, covered all the SD Gundam series but mainly focus on Knight Gundam kits. These kits are made from more durable plastic and are bigger than the BB Senshi kits. They can currently be found at auction sites, usually with high prices.

Century number releases (100, 200, 300, etc.) are often marked as special occasions. 2007 saw the release of the 300th BB Senshi kit in official numbering. However, the previous kit had been BB 295. Bandai retroactively filled in the missing five kits alongside releases of kits with the 300+ numbering. These retroactive kits were of units from Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny, many being recolors of existing kits. Additionally, popular SD Gundam kits have been re-released in waves at around the same time as new kits. These re-releases are broken down by series (Musha, Knight, Command, G-Generation). The popularity of these older kits is such that many have been included in later re-release waves.

A limited subline titled Chi-Bi Senshi (a pun on the mainline's 'BB' and 'chibi', meaning small) consisted of thirteen kits based on Super G-ARMS, Knight Gundam, Gundlaner and Musha. The kits were smaller and less complex than full BB Senshi, built on a five-point skeleton block which allowed for parts swapping between the kits. This gimmick was also utilized with some of the Knight kits to allow them to combine with larger BB Senshi versions of the 'Kihei' mobile weapons they piloted. Additionally, nine of the Chi-Bi Senshi were released in three triple boxsets, depicting them in widely different transparent colours. The Comic World chapters included with these sets referred to these 'Crystal' versions as doppelgangers made from sentient alien crystals who had chosen to copy the real Gundams.

A related line of merchandise has included the designs from SD Gundam works presented as 'real type' versions, lacking the deformed proportions. This concept has seen a resurgence in recent years, with Bandai issuing a Master Grade model kit of Hajime Katoki's Shin Musha Gundam (appearing in Dynasty Warriors: Gundam) and Banpresto releasing toys and mini-statues based on 'real type' versions of Musha and Knight characters.

SDX
Starting in 2008, the SDX line is a collector aimed series of action figures based on SD Gundam characters. The first figure released, Knight Gundam, was based on a scratch-built model of the character made by Hobby Japan for his appearance in Musha Retsuden Zero. Following this was a release of 'Full Armor Knight Gundam' (depicting the character's upgraded form), with figures of Satan Gundam and Command Gundam announced for later in 2009. Being a collector aimed line, the series focuses on high detail, option parts and updating popular SD Gundam characters who are only otherwise represented by decades old model kits and toys. For example, Knight Gundam was released with a display base, alternate facial expressions and armor pieces produced from metal.

SD Ex-Standard
This is the most recent model kit series which aims for styled proportions, weapon customization, budget friendliness, and connecting every single SD Gundam Kit, and possibly even make kits from other grades that doesn't have SD versions of it; one example is the Try Burning Gundam, which currently has a HG (High Grade) version of it, and unlike its past counterpart, the Build Burning Gundam has its own BB Senshi counterpart. So far, this kit series has ten sets, which contains (orderly) RX-78-2, Aile Strike Gundam, Gundam Exia, Wing Gundam Zero EW, Gundam Unicorn (Destroy Mode), Strike Freedom Gundam, Astray Red Frame, OO Gundam, Destiny Gundam, Gundam Barbatos (form 4), Try Burning Gundam, Gundam Deathscythe Hell EW, Sinanju, and Gundam Barbatos Lupus. This kit series is really similar to the BB Senshi sets, but this kit series is a lot smaller than the BB sets or any other SD kit series.

Official sites

 * SD Gundam Portal Site "We Love SD Gundam" (Japanese)
 * Bandai Hobby Site (Japanese)

Information sites

 * Gundam Comic Chronicle - detailed information on all SD Gundam comics ever published (Japanese)
 * Inugoya's homepage - information on all SD Gundam timelines (Japanese)
 * STRIPE's home page (Japanese)
 * ToYaMeI's homepage (Chinese)
 * Raptorial's SD Gundam World (Chinese) - Detailed collection of all SD Gundam BB Senshi Model Kits

Publisher links

 * Comic Bom Bom official site (Japanese)
 * Hobby JAPAN magazine official site (Japanese)
 * Rightman Publishing Ltd. official site (Chinese)

title: SD Gundam


text:
Ayrshire (UK Parliament constituency)

Ayrshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1800 and of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 1868, when it was divided into North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire.

It elected one Member of Parliament (MP), using the first-past-the-post voting system.

Creation
The British parliamentary constituency was created in 1708 following the Acts of Union 1707 and replaced the former Parliament of Scotland shire constituency of Ayrshire.

Boundaries
The Ayrshire constituency represented the county of Ayrshire, minus the parliamentary burghs of Ayr and Irvine, which were components of the Ayr Burghs constituency.

History
The constituency elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system until it was divided into North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire for the 1868 general election.

Elections in the 1830s
Oswald's resignation caused a by-election.

Dunlop's death caused a by-election.

Elections in the 1840s
Carr-Boyle succeeded to the peerage, becoming 5th Earl of Glasgow and causing a by-election.

Elections in the 1850s
Blair's death caused a by-election.

Crichton-Stuart's death caused a by-election.

title: Ayrshire (UK Parliament constituency)


text:
K-Tino

K-Tino (born 12 October 1966 as Cathérine Edoa Ngoa) is a Cameroonian singer who shot to fame in her home country with her energetic bikutsi music. She is the biological daughter of Kamgaing Paul a former businessman in Cameroon who died in July 2022.

Bikutsi music is characterized by an up-tempo 6/8 rhythm, danced with energetic pulsations of shoulders and/or pelvis. K-Tino (on earlier albums Catino) has been one of the most prominent proponents of bikutsi for more than ten years. Her songs are highly graphic, despite the fact that she denies being vulgar, saying "I'm not vulgar, and I don't put on vulgar shows. If I'm vulgar, then so is the Ewondo language." The complexity of the sexual content, which is veiled by slightly changing non-vulgar terms in the Ewondo language, is a key to bikutsi. K-Tino was dubbed "femme du peuple," "mama bonheur," and "mama la joie" by the media. K-Tino began singing in Chacal and Escalier Bar, later joining the band Les Zombies de la Capitale.

K-tino said in early 2014 that she had stopped making obscene music and had dedicated her life to God. She is starting a church called Celestial City in the Gabonese capital.

K-Tino's daughter, K-Wash, is also a bikutsi performer.

Reception
Some member of the press were critical of the sexual nature of the lyrics, including a writer for the newspaper Mutations who said, ""Cameroon has exhibited a looseness of morals unprecedented. The debauchery and the sexual perversions are of the most immoral, and affect everyone. Sex, of the most vulgar manner, is more and more present in the media and the public, marked by eccentric, indecent clothing intended to provoke sensual pleasure, nudity, and sensuality."

title: K-Tino


text:
Gregg Allman Band

The Gregg Allman Band, also known as Gregg Allman & Friends, was a Southern rock/blues rock group that Gregg Allman established and had led since the 1970s, during periods when Allman has been recording and performing separate from the Allman Brothers Band and has chosen not to perform exclusively as a solo artist.

1984-1988
(At the time of I'm No Angel and Just Before The Bullets Fly)

 * Gregg Allman – Hammond Organ, Acoustic and Electric Guitar, Lead Vocals
 * Dan Toler – Guitar
 * David Toler – Drums
 * Bruce Waibel – Bass Guitar, Background Vocals
 * Tim Heding – Keyboards, Background Vocals
 * Charles "Chaz" Trippy – Percussion

More recent line up

 * Gregg Allman – Vocals, guitar, Hammond B-3
 * Floyd Miles – Percussion, vocals
 * Bruce Katz – Keyboards
 * Scott Sharrard – Guitar
 * Jerry Jemmott – Bass
 * Steve Potts – Drums
 * Jay Collins – Horns

Deaths
The band dissolved following the death of Gregg Allman in May 2017.

Floyd Miles died on 26 January 2018, at the age of 74.

title: Gregg Allman Band


text:
File:Squarepusher.ultravisitor.gif

summary
Squarepusher 'Ultravisitor' album cover

Fair use in Ultravisitor
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) http://www.warprecords.com/emails/squarepusher/
 * 2) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Squarepusher.ultravisitor.gif


text: User talk:69.232.181.240

title: User talk:69.232.181.240


text:
Gina Yashere

Regina Obedapo Iyashere is a British comedian, actress and writer who has made numerous appearances on British and American television. She co-created the sitcom Bob Hearts Abishola, on which she plays a supporting role.

Early life
Yashere was born and raised in Bethnal Green, London to Nigerian parents. Before becoming a comedian, she worked as a lift maintenance technician and engineer (the company's first female to do so, all of which she mentions in her stand-up routine).

She uses the surname "Yashere" due to encountering common mispronunciation of her original surname.

Career
Yashere was a finalist in the Hackney Empire New Act of the Year competition in 1996. She has appeared in a number of television programmes, including in the comedy series The Lenny Henry Show, where she played Tanya and Mrs Omokorede, the pushy mum. She voiced Keisha on the animated series Bromwell High. In 2005, she appeared on the reality television series Comic Relief does Fame Academy, in aid of Comic Relief, and she co-hosted the 2006 and 2007 MOBO Awards alongside 2Baba and Coolio. She has made numerous appearances on Mock the Week, and appeared on the CBBC show Gina's Laughing Gear.

In 2007, Yashere was featured on the reality show Last Comic Standing, auditioning in Sydney. She was among the ten finalists, but on 1 August 2007, she and Dante were the first two finalists eliminated.

In 2008, she became the first Briton to perform on Def Comedy Jam. On 3 September 2009, she appeared on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien and performed a stand-up comedy routine. On 24 December, she appeared on Live at the Apollo. She appeared twice on the short-lived primetime show The Jay Leno Show: on 21 October 2009, a video of Yashere showed her giving free fortune-telling readings to passers-by, and on 25 November 2009, she operated a walk-in psychic booth. Starting in 2010, she appeared semi-regularly on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, in a sketch comedy series called Madame Yashere: The Surly Psychic.

In 2010, Yashere appeared as Flo in several episodes of the ITV drama Married Single Other. In April 2010, her one-hour comedy special, Skinny B*tch, premiered on Showtime, a US cable channel. She appeared on Watch TV show Scream If You Know the Answer with contestant Emily Green from Portsmouth. She helped Green win the show with a prize fund of £2,000. In 2013, Yashere appeared in an advert for Tesco Mobile. In 2015, she was featured as a selected comic on Gotham Comedy Live, which airs on AXS TV (season 4-Judah Friedlander) where she referred to the City of Cleveland, Ohio as "shit." On 8 January 2016, she appeared on The Nasty Show with Artie Lange, which aired on Showtime.

Starting on 16 March 2017, Yashere began a brief stint as the British correspondent for The Daily Show.

In September 2019, Yashere began appearing in a supporting role on the 2019 Chuck Lorre CBS sitcom, Bob Hearts Abishola, which Lorre created with Yashere. Yashere writes for the show and plays Folake Olowofoyeku's character Abishola's best friend, Kemi. Bob Hearts Abishola is the first American sitcom to feature a Nigerian family.

Personal life
Yashere is lesbian. She currently lives in Altadena, California, with her partner Nina Rose Fischer.

Filmography
Below is an incomplete filmography:

title: Gina Yashere


text:
Easthampstead

Easthampstead is a former village and now a southern suburb of the town of Bracknell, in the civil parish of Bracknell, in the Bracknell Forest district, in the ceremonial county of Berkshire, England. The old village can still be easily identified around the Church of St Michael and St Mary Magdalene. This building houses some of the finest stained glass works of Sir Edward Burne-Jones.

History
In Easthampstead there is evidence of local Bronze Age existence in the form of a large round barrow on the top of Bill Hill. The hill itself is also surrounded by an ancient ditch, which has largely been filled in. Bill Hill now forms part of a park next to Downshire Way and it is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

Easthampsted is mentioned as an entry in the Domesday Book of 1086 as land belonging to the abbey of Westminster St. Peter in the hundred of Ripplesmere. It was a small village of 14 villagers and 8 ploughlands, and had a value of £5 in 1066. By 1070 it was only worth £2.5.

Originally Easthampstead was an important parish in Windsor Forest, its manor house at Easthampstead Park being a popular hunting lodge with the Royal Family. Another large and important house in the old parish is South Hill Park, one time home of Prime Minister George Canning. Still older is Caesar's Camp, the only Iron Age hill fort in East Berkshire.

Easthampstead once had its own Rural District. In 1971 the parish had a population of 209. On 1 April 1984 the parish was abolished and merged with Binfield, Bracknell, Crowthorne and Winkfield.

Sport and leisure
Easthampstead also sports some of Bracknell's more interesting features such as the Bracknell Sports and Leisure centre.

title: Easthampstead


text:
User talk:Upz

Blocked permanently as sockpuppet of user:ULoad. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:39, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Upz