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Nelson H. Barbour

Nelson H. Barbour (August 21, 1824 – August 30, 1905) was an Adventist writer and publisher, best known for his association with—and later opposition to—Charles Taze Russell.

Life
Nelson H. Barbour was born in Throopsville, New York, August 21, 1824, and died in Tacoma, Washington, August 30, 1905.

Barbour was the son of David Barbour and the grandson of Friend Barbour. Both the family and official documents use the spelling "Barbour" and its alternative spelling "Barber".

He was related to a number of prominent New Yorkers including Dio Lewis. He attended Temple Hill Academy at Geneseo, New York, from 1839 to 1842. While at Temple Hill he also studied for the Methodist Episcopal ministry with an Elder Ferris, possibly William H. Ferris.

Barbour was introduced to Millerism through the efforts of a Mr. Johnson who lectured at Geneseo, in the winter of 1842. Barbour associated with other Millerites living in that area. These included Owen Crozier, William Marsh, Daniel Cogswell and Henry F. Hill. Cogswell later became president of the New York Conference of the Advent Christian Church. Hill became a prominent author associated with the Evangelical Adventists.

Adventists in the Geneseo area met in Springwater to await the second coming in 1843. Their disappointment was profound, and Barbour suffered a crisis of faith. He later wrote: "We held together until the autumn of 1844. Then, as if a raft floating in deep water should suddenly disappear from under its living burden, so our platform went from under us, and we made for shore in every direction; but our unity was gone, and, like drowning men, we caught at straws."

Barbour pursued a medical career, becoming a medical electrician—a therapist who treated disease through the application of electric current, which was seen as a valid therapy at the time.

He went to Australia to prospect for gold, returning via London in 1859. Barbour claimed to have preached during his time in Australia. A ship-board discussion with a clergyman reactivated his interest in Bible prophecy. He consulted books on prophetic themes at the British Library and became convinced that 1873 would mark the return of Christ, based on ideas advanced by others since at least as early as 1823.

Returning to the United States, Barbour settled in New York City, continuing his studies in the Astor Library. When fully convinced, he wrote letters and visited those who he felt might best spread his message, though few were interested.

Barbour became an inventor and associated with Peter Cooper, the founder of Cooper Union. He patented several inventions. By 1863 he was in medical practice, dividing his time between Auburn and Rochester, New York. He returned to London in 1864 to demonstrate one of his inventions. He used his association with other inventors and scientists to spread his end-times doctrine, and some of his earliest associates in that belief were inventors and physicians.

He published something as early as 1868, though it has been lost. In 1871 he wrote and published a small book entitled Evidences for the Coming of the Lord in 1873, or The Midnight Cry, which had two printings. Barbour's articles also appeared in the magazine The World’s Crisis and Second Advent Messenger.

As 1873 approached, various groups began advocating it as significant. Jonas Wendell led one, another centered on the magazine The Watchman's Cry, and the rest were associated with Barbour. British Barbourites were represented by Elias H. Tuckett, a clergyman. Many gathered at Terry Island to await the return of Christ in late 1873. Barbour and others looked to the next year, which also proved disappointing.

Led by Benjamin Wallace Keith, an associate of Barbour's since 1867, the group adopted the belief in a two-stage, initially invisible presence. They believed that Christ had indeed come in 1874 and would soon become visible for judgments. Barbour started a magazine in the fall of 1873 to promote his views, calling it The Midnight Cry. It was first issued as a pamphlet, with no apparent expectation of becoming a periodical. He quickly changed the name to Herald of the Morning, issuing it monthly from January 1874.

In December 1875, Charles Taze Russell, then a businessman from Allegheny, received a copy of Herald of the Morning. He met the principals in the Barbourite movement and arranged for Barbour to speak in Philadelphia in 1876. Barbour and Russell began their association, during which Barbour wrote the book Three Worlds (1877) and published a small booklet by Russell entitled Object and Manner of Our Lord's Return. Beginning in 1878, they each wrote conflicting views on Ransom and Atonement doctrine. By May 3, 1879, Russell wrote that their "points of variance seem to me to be so fundamental and important that… I feel that our relationship should cease." In a May 22, 1879 letter to Barbour, Russell explicitly resigned: "Now I leave the 'Herald' with you. I withdraw entirely from it, asking nothing from you… Please announce in next No. of the 'Herald' the dissolution and withdraw my name [as assistant editor on the masthead]." In July 1879, Russell began publishing Zion's Watch Tower, the principal journal of the Bible Student movement. Several years after Russell's death, the magazine became associated with Jehovah's Witnesses and was renamed The Watchtower.

By 1883 Barbour abandoned belief in an invisible presence and returned to more standard Adventist doctrine. He had organized a small congregation in Rochester in 1873. At least by that year he left Adventism for Age-to-Come faith, a form of British Literalism. He changed the name of the congregation to Church of the Strangers. In later years the congregation associated with Mark Allen's Church of the Blessed Hope and called themselves Restitutionists. A photo of Nelson Barbour appeared in the Rochester Union and Advertiser in October 1895.

Barbour intermittently published Herald of the Morning until at least 1903, occasionally issuing statements critical of C. T. Russell. He wrote favorably though cautiously that he was persuaded to believe that 1896 was the date for Christ's visible return, an idea that had grown out of the Advent Christian Church. The last date set by Barbour for Christ's return was 1907.

By the time of his death the Rochester church numbered about fifty, with very minor interest elsewhere. In 1903 Barbour participated in a conference on Mob Spirit in America. He advocated the establishment of a predominately black state in the Southwestern United States.

Barbour died while on a trip to the west in 1905 of "exhaustion".

After his death some of his articles from The Herald of the Morning were collected and published in book form as Washed in His Blood (1908).

Biography
The Rochester Union and Advertiser for October 5, 1895, page 12, offers the following information on Nelson Barbour:

Nelson H. Barbour was born at Toupsville, three miles from Auburn, N.Y., in 1824. At an early age the family moved to Cohocton, Stueben County, N. Y. From the age of 15 to 18, he attended school at Temple Hill Academy, Genseco, New York; at which place he united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and began a preparation for the ministry under elder Ferris. Having been brought up among Presbyterians, however, and having an investigating turn of mind, instead of quietly learning Methodist theology he troubled his teacher with questions of election, universal salvation, and many other subjects, until it was politely hinted that he was more likely to succeed in life as a farmer than as a clergyman. But his convictions were strong that he must preach the gospel even if he could not work in any theological harness. And at 19, he began his life work as an independent preacher. Since which, all that is worth reporting in his life is inseparable from his theological growth. He could not believe in an all wise and loving Father, permitting the fall; then leaving man's eternal destiny to a hap-hazard scramble between a luke-warm [sic] Church and a zealous devil. On the contrary he believed the fall was permitted for a wise purpose; and that God has a definite plan for man, in which nothing is left to chance or ignorance.

Mr. Barbour believes that what he denominated the present babel of confusion in the churches is the result of false teaching and the literal interpretation of the parables.

The Church of the Strangers was organized in 1879. Mr. Barbour has preached in England, in several Australian colonies, in Canada, and many states of the Union. For the past twenty-two years he has published the Herald of the Morning in this city; claiming that in his 'call' to preach, he confered [sic] not with flesh and blood. Nor was he called to convert the world; but independent of creed, to search for the truth "as it is in Jesus," the "second man Adam," believing that the restored faith is a precurser [sic] of the millenium  [sic] and "Times of restitution of all things."

title: Nelson H. Barbour


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Talk:Japan/Archive 2

(untitled)
I count 16 petals on the chrysanthemum emblem; does the Imperial family's crest have eighteen? May 10 2004

Education
There's an interesting discussion here of how Japan likely overestimates its literacy rate:

 * http://www.kh.rim.or.jp/~nagamura/literacy.html

Short summary: it's certainly not 100% like the main entry currently says, and it's probably much lower than the 99% that many Japanese government web sites claim. It's one of those numbers that everyone repeats, but that no one has stepped forward and said how it's calculated or who calculated it. Even if it's "here's our methodology - we don't count dyslexics, we don't count kanji literacy, etc," I'd like to see something solid before we put a number in the main article. As far as I can tell, the Japanese Ministry of Education says nothing about the literacy rate. --Zippy 08:37, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * About 15 years ago, I read an encyclopedia article stating that Japan did not measure its literacy rate, but rather assumed it was equal to the junior-high completion rate, which was in the high nineties (97%???). Don't know what's gone on since then. Fg2 10:08, Nov 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, if you couldn't find illiterate people, how can you measure it, but other than 100%? The government doesn't measure because it cannot find illiterate people. I would like to see how those who claim the rate is less than 100% know about this. -- Taku 20:22, Nov 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * On the street, I seem to find a lot of Japanese people who complain about falling language skill of their fellow countrymen. The line normally goes a little like this "Don't worry about missing a stroke in that kanji, these days even Japanese seem to be forgetting how to write."  I realize this is anecdotal evidence.  My guess is, like me, nearly all Japanese can read, or at least recognize the common kanji, but some percentage may not able to write the minimum 2,000 kanji.  Can you be called literate but not able to write all the minimum characters from memory?  I don't know if there are any studies to back up this impression.  Revmachine21 02:22, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Isn't writing a kanji incorrectly the same as misspelling in English? 2,000 kanji is an interesting idea. I am not sure when the Japanese government or any other reference works claim that the literacy rate is 100%, they are equivalently saying 100% of Japanese people can write and read 2,000 kanji correctly. My impression is that even those homeless people have good ability to read newspaper they find from a trash bin, and if you can read newspaper, it's good enough to deem that you are literate. Anyway, this is an interesting question. I just would like to see more concrete evidence. -- Taku 02:51, Nov 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * In Japanese, it's so much easier to write characters by computer than by hand, so there's a simultaneous phenomenon of people forgetting how to write harder characters by hand through disuse, and increasingly complex kanji being adopted because IMEs make them easy to write. This is what the Japanese moan about when they say they can't write kanji anymore...  but somebody composing essays on a PC is hardly illiterate. Jpatokal 17:48, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * When you're thinking about Kanji, think about all the Chinese people that have to learn that language in order to communicate with 1 billion people.themoliugecko 15:31, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

These interviews on Japan Today kind of help shed light on "literacy" in Japan. - Sekicho 00:52, Nov 28, 2004 (UTC)

Economy Rank
Isn't Japan ranked #4 and #3 for Total PPP and GDP? The CIA World Fact info has it this way Chinas GDP in 2003 is $6.5 Trillion, almost double that of Japan. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html  and

http://www.photius.com/rankings/gdp_2003_0.html

It only depends on what list you look at and if you include EU as one entry or not. See Gross domestic product. This is a tricky question at best. -- Taku 00:11, Nov 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually, the linked websites count the world as a whole. So that's why Japan appears one rank below where it should be... Sekicho 01:30, Nov 1, 2004 (UTC)

I think an interesting question people have in mind is: is the economy of China is larger than that of Japan? As you see, a term larger is vague. I am sure no one will agree China people are wealthier than Japanese people, but the size of economy is also affected by the population; China has about 10 times larger population than Japan has. Perhaps, we might have some article about this issue. This is a question which I can't find an easy answer for.-- Taku 17:29, Nov 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't doubt that China's economy is larger than Japan's. The size of an economy is based on its population. That's why India has a much higher GDP than Luxembourg. Per capita, of course, is different.

 * The web sites cited above counted World as #1 and US as #2. So Japan showed up as #3 in one list and #4 in the other list. But if World is taken off the list, Japan is still #2 and #3. Sekicho 23:01, Nov 1, 2004 (UTC)

POTSDAM DECLARATION Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender Issued, at Potsdam, July 26, 1945 1 We-the President of the United States, the President of the National Government of the Republic of China, and the Prime Minister of Great Britain, representing the hundreds of millions of our countrymen, have conferred and agree that Japan shall be given an opportunity to end this war. 2 .....  ....... 8 The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine. 9 .....  .......

We've not determined any minor islands as parts of the domain of Japan. So, it's equal to determining that Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to only the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku.

The minor islands with which Japan has dealt as the domain are parts of the domain of the United States of America, if Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to only four main islands that are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku. Thank you!

Problem w/Independence Date
I think posting 1952 as Japan's date of independence is very misleading. Can anyone tell me why this is preferable to the date that was here before? Jwrosenzweig 20:42, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree; Japan was occupied immediately following WW2, but this doesn't mark a new independence date when the occupation ended. If it did, France's date of independence would be 1944 (liberation from Germany), which it clearly isn't. --Delirium 20:44, Feb 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * Japan did not cease to be a state at international law in the 1940s and 1950s simply because it was occupied. Change it back. -- Kaihsu 20:47, 2004 Feb 10 (UTC)

 * Jwrosenzweig, Delirium, and Kaihsu are right. Further BC 660 is the (mythical or legendary, implying not historically factual) foundation year and not the independence year. As other older country (such as France) articles do not have this item, so Japan article need not too. I removed it. -- Takanoha 11:54, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Why don't we cite a "foundation" date, as in the Germany article? We can then note that 660 BC is the mythical foundation date, and that the modern state was founded in 1946. I think this is more accurate to the Japanese idea of when Japan was founded. -- Sekicho 12:24, Mar 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * That wouldn't be accurate as the current constitution states that it was revised according to laws from the previous constitution and legally speaking, it isn't that greatly different from making a law. Dating 1946 as the foundation date isn't, in a sense, constitutional.  If there should be a foundation date, it should be the day Tokugawa resigned the Shogun post and modern nation of Japan was established. -- Revth 16:08, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I agree with Takanoha's removal of independence dates. Independence sounds to me that once Japan was a part of other nation like Taiwan was a colony of Japan or the United States was a part of Great Britain. Japan is not like those cases. Of course, mentioning 660 BC in the article is not a problem at all. -- Taku 16:57, Mar 1, 2004 (UTC)

Kuril Islands
The Kuril Islands are held by Russia and I've taken the liberty of NPOVing references by noting their disputed status. I've also substituted the normal English name of Kuril Islands instead of the katakanized Kuriru retto Jpatokal 14:54, 16 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * As far as I'm aware - and is shown by my Times World Atlas - Japan only claims the three southernmost Kuril Islands (in my Atlas, named Shikotan, Kunashir, Iturup; marked "Russ. Fed. admin., claimed by Japan"), and not the more northerly ones stretching up to Kamchatka. I suspect the reference to "Oyakobayama, at the northern end of the Kuril Islands, is a beautifully formed snow-clad peak (2337m) rising directly out of the sea" should probably be removed (Oyakobayama, = Ozero Atlasova in my atlas, just off the southern tip of Kamchatka). - MPF 01:01, 17 Feb 2004 (UTC)

An anonymous user has added Karafuto as an island of Japan. As far as I can see, Karafuto is Russian territory, though disputed. Can someone with a clue comment, please? Thanks, MikeX 13:16, Sep 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * Definitely POV. We aren't listing Diaoyu Islands as Chinese or Aksai Chin as Indian; and those are claims that haven't been retracted. Why should Karafuto be listed if the claim isn't even officially endorsed? Should we next list Silesia, Pomerania, East Prussia etc. as states of Germany? -- ran [[User talk:Ran|(talk)]] 16:20, Sep 24, 2004 (UTC)

Demography
I have moved the following part. It may be true but I don't think this much detail is relevant to this article.
 * However, ethnically, it is a question. Traditionally, the Japanese tend to think that they are one of the most homogeneous nations in Asia. However, recent DNA tests have proven that they are actually one of the most mixed people in Asia.  They have Chinese, Korean, Altaic, Malay, Ainu and other ethnic geneology in their race.  The Japanese are considered to be "Homogenized Mixed Race".  Language wise, it could be said that it is a result of a Chinese/Korean/Malay/Ainu Creole.  However, much study is not emphasized because of the Japanese government's discouragement.

-- Taku 01:27, Feb 19, 2004 (UTC)

I am removing this part because it is an insignificant comment:
 * Many people, especially those in younger generations, claim to feel that religion is something to stay clear from, pointing out historical reasons such as the role that the nationally enforced Shinto played in World War II, and more recently Aum Shinrikyo and its actions.

--69.212.98.38 19:48, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

On 16:46, 25 Jun 2004, 198.81.26.41 replaced the sentence "Most Japanese people profess to not believe in any particular religion." with "Most Japanese people profess to believe in the religions of Shinto and Buddhism, both practiced together, which is normal for Asian religions." However, the latter sentence isn't true. Having looked at a large amount of recent survey data before from Japan that included a question on religious orientation, it is pretty clear that an overwhelming majority profess not to believe in any religion and I don't really see how the original sentence could come close to being controversial. I've made changes to closer reflect the fact. --69.212.98.38 20:13, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with User:69.212.98.38's view on this one. The statistics in this file show that Shinto and Buddhism are about equal and that individually they almost equal the total population which is explained by people adhering to more than one religion. I couldn't find the stats on `non-religious` in Japan but I'm pretty sure there must be something somewhere. So I reverted back to fit this. --Sekizaru 18:50, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I think we should not try to determine what religion Japanese people believe. Unfortunately, any stats or surveys contradict to each other. While I believe Japanese are non-religion, they don't say so. As the text I added states, they tend to identify themselves as Buddhist and almost never as Shintoist or any other. I strongly believe that the paragraph should make clear connections between religious beliefs and customs and traditions in Japan, so I tried to emphasize that. I am not still so sure why the text I wrote is problematic. -- Taku 03:10, Aug 19, 2004 (UTC)

I think this is too much. We already have and having similar another table clutters the articles. Besides, I am not sure if APEC is such an important organization like EU. Japan is a member of APEC but it is also a member of many other organizations like OECD. Even you can have a table of developed nation in analogous manner to APEC. Let me you know your rationale. -- Taku 17:18, Feb 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * If you feel that these page footers are clutter and ruin the page then go to Wikipedia talk:Page footers and voice your objection. - Gaz 11:27, 24 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I second the comment above. Better to arrive at an official Wikipedia policy on footers for entries on countries than to waste time and energy on revert wars. Who gets to decide how "important" an organization has to be to be included? - Abiola Lapite 10:43, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree too. Can you guys wait until we reach some consensus? I am just restoring the article to what it was before. -- Taku 16:11, Apr 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree too. Can you guys wait until we reach some consensus? I am just restoring the article to what it was before. --Cantus 03:09, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Actually there was no and  before. Look at the page history. -- Taku 04:08, Apr 9, 2004 (UTC)

Independence date...
An anonymous IP changed the independence date from 660BC to 1953; my understanding was that Japan never surrendered sovereignty and that there was a continuity of government, at least formally, so I don't see how a 1950's date is justified, but I'll defer to someone with more knowledge of the particulars to confirm one or the other... -- Seth Ilys 18:34, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I removed the following sentence.
 * The Korean Dynasty of Baekje(百濟) helped build the Nara Period by introducing Chinese culture which included writing, agricultural technologies and new religions to Japan.

It would be needless to check the accuracy of the statement. It is too specific for the article "Japan". --Nanshu 02:39, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree that it needed to be removed. I think the writer had the rice farming and the fact that Kyoto had once been ruled by the descended of Baekje nobles in mind.  However, the rice farming is already in Japan as early as 900BC long before Baekje existed and techniques probably came from Southern China where the climate is similar.  Also Baekje nobles had been staying in Japan for about 100 years by then since Baekje's fall.  They also had the name given from Tenno which I think mean that they had accepted the Japanese nationality.
 * Revth 04:40, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * In any case, this is too detailed to be included to this very general article. -- Taku 04:51, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

Japanese Wikipedia includes both dates. I think that's the most accurate way to do this, so I put both dates on the main page. Sekicho 23:56, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't exactly agree with you on this issue but the notation '(from U.S.)' is enough to let people know that this is about the occupation from WW2. Let's keep it that way.  Revth 04:56, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Under the Economy section:

"...have helped Japan advance with extraordinary rapidity to the rank of second most technologically powerful economy in the world after the US..."

How can this be quantified? Is it based on number of patents, or R & D expenditure, or what? Germany (for example) might claim that it is the "second most technologically powerful economy in the world''--who's to say?

--Sewing 13:16, 23 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * I think that kind of statement is very valid. If you look at other encyclopedias or newspapers, then you will find such. Your new revision is actually misleading. EU is not a nation and China is still a developing country after all. -- Taku

 * Taku: You should have done a diff on my edit! You are mixing two sentences up, and I only edited one of them.  The one about "second most technologically powerful economy..." is possibly true, but how can you measure it?  It's not the same as "largest population" or "highest mountain."  That's why I removed it.  As for the second sentence, I didn't touch it.  In fact, If I had noticed "EU," I would have removed it myself.  As for China, we're talking about the world's largest economies: China may still be developing, but it has 8 times the population of Japan and its economy is growing quickly.  --Sewing 00:01, 24 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * Ack! The Britannica has exact sentence saying "Japan is now the world's second largest economic power, ranking only behind the United States." In some terms, Japan is ranked forth or fifth or anything but generally speaking, the claim Japan is the second largest economic power is true. -- Taku

For those who want to lower the rank of Japan, please notice Economy of Japan saying "Japan's industrialized, free-market economy is the second-largest in the world after the United States in terms of international purchasing power." -- Taku 08:17, Nov 17, 2003 (UTC)

 * Taku: In terms of "gross domestic product," China is bigger than Japan. However, I believe that Japan still leads China in gross national product, since a large part of China's GDP comes from foreign investment. The EU, however, IS an economy bigger than Japan's, even though it isn't a state economy.  (We call it a "union" because it unified all the state economies.)

 * So, I would propose something along the lines of: "Japan's industrialized, free-market economy became the second-largest in the world at its height in the late 1980's. Since the formation of the EU, it is the third-largest economy in the world." Nothing wrong on letting the EU take a higher spot: remember, Japan has a constitution and they still don't. :) Sekicho 07:15, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

Umm, is this really about my vanity as a Japanese national? As I said above, Britannica says Japan is the second largest economy. Not surprisingly Japanese edition of Wikipedia simply says Japan is the second largest economic power in the world. A countless other references state the same. I think the Japanese government believe this. Wikipedia is a reference; we don't rank nations but cite what people say about the ranking. -- Taku 07:34, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * No, it's not about vanity. I'm just saying that many people now recognize the EU as a single economy: as far as economics go, the member states have almost no independence (with the exception of the UK and Sweden). Following that view, Japan would be the number 3 economy, and the number 2 country in terms of economic might.  I don't mean to degrade Japan's status, but the EU is clearly a larger economy, even though it isn't a country.  Remember, we have to be NPOV: there are conflicting views on this subject and it's important to address both of them. Sekicho 07:46, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

Right. You are not picking. We need to be sensitive. But it is true that we also need a consistency. I have posted a question regarding this matter at Japanese edition. Hopefully, they can give us a nice explanation. I doubt they would be going to adopt the theory of Japan as the third rank. -- Taku 08:07, Feb 29, 2004 (UTC)

I suppose it is not that awkward to tell both that there are accounts of Japan being world's #2 economy, and that it partly depends how you define/measure #2 economy.

So how about something along this line:
 * Japan's economy is the second largest national economy in many measures such as GNI and GDP. Outside the context of national economies, it is often considered the third after the U.S. and EU.

I have a general impression, based on my limited experience on researching on GDP per capita figures, the ranking varies quite a bit depending on the data sources. So more research would help. Here is my contribution:

 * World Bank's quick ref. table.
 * http://www.worldbank.org/data/quickreference/quickref.html
 * Japan is the second in terms of GDP, GNI, and third on GDP on Purchasing Power Parity dollars. (When it is measured in terms of PPP, as opposed to official currency exchange rate, the GDP figure means "how much total value is added in all the domestic economic activities combined in terms of purchasing power in respective domestic economies - how much groceries, houses, etc. can be afforded by that amount of value.")

I may well be wrong on stats part, and would appreciate some experts participation, but my main suggestion may still hold in that case. Tomos 20:57, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I am afraid that choosing a particular ranking figure might be POV. Some Chinese people (not everyone yo) claim that Japan is behind in terms of GDP and some other claim Japan is ahead. That is, there are several different GDPs, GNPs and many such. It is possible that the ranking is manipulated so that it is not consistent with other articles. Not surprisingly, European Union article compares it with the US and claims it is larger than the US in terms of GDP and we in Japan article claims Japan is the second after the US? By choosing a right figure, we can lower or upper the rank of Japan--this act is POV for sure.

 * Also, I want to emphasize again that contents must be consistent across different language editions. We cannot change the facts based on who is writing.

-- Taku 06:21, Mar 1, 2004 (UTC)

I agree. The article should avoid to give an impression that Japanese or EU or Chinese economy is the second largest, but instead indicate that ranking varies depending on the source and the measurement (GNI, GDP, etc.) as well as what people often say about the economy (among the largest economies). I did not mean to suggest that we use World Bank's data. I meant that others could find other sources so that we can compare multiple sources and hopefully give a good illustration somewhere in the article.

Regarding the inter-lingual consistency, I think it is a bit tricky stuff. In different language-spheres, there are sometimes different ideas of which sources are more credible and which sources are less known. So it could be the case that in German-speaking societies, EU is often said to be the world #2 economy, and in Chinese speaking societies, China is said to be the #2, etc. etc. Given that, interlingual consistency would mean to write something like "in this part of the world, it is considered that ...., where as in that part of the world, it is considered that ....," as opposed to deciding which sources to rely on for all the articles dealing with this matter in all languages. Tomos 20:24, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Recent News
Because of Towns-unification policy of the government Japan, many towns and villages are administratively lost and many new cities are settled. Most of data of villages and towns like Izuhara should be rewritten specially on their administrative position. Today there is no town named Izuhara, Nagasaki prefecture but Tsushima City. Your contribution will be appreciated. KIZU 22:04, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I do not think every articles are reflected recent unifications, but I believe Idzuhara, Nagasaki (link from Nagasaki Prefecture) and Tsushima, Nagasaki has been fixed as of a month ago. Maybe I have some overlooks. Would you tell me about particular articles desiring fixes? -- Takanoha 15:10, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Official name
Is 日本国 supposed to be pronounced Nihonkoku or Nipponkoku? I've seen evidence pointing both ways, although the latter seems more "official" to me somehow. -- Sekicho 14:26, Apr 3, 2004 (UTC)

Both are acceptable, but Japan tends to use NiPPon for official things, sporting events, etc. Exploding Boy 02:11, Apr 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * My impression is the same: Nippon is more popular than Nihon. Interesting is almost always people say Nippon-koku kempo, Nihon-jin, Nihon-shiki, Nihon-go and so forth. Nippon-go, for instance, sounds awful. Rules? I have no idea. Or maybe it varies across dialects? Sure, this kind of discussion should be made somewhere in Wikipedia. -- Taku 02:18, Apr 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * Nippon seems a bit old fashioned to me. Ok for cheering, but the modern reading is "nihon". FWIW google has 96 hits for nipponkoku, but 909 for nihonkoku. Zeimusu 12:25, 2004 Apr 29 (UTC)

I just noticed that the article reads that "Nihon" comes from the Chinese - but if that's the case, why is it the kunyomi of 日本? Are we certain that "nihon" comes from the Chinese? -- Tlotoxl 15:11, 8 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually both parts use the on’yomi (from Chinese). Nihon is an abbreviation of Nippon which uses the standard on’yomi of 'nichi' for 日 rather than the kun’yomi of 'hi'. But when the article says that it comes from the Chinese it means more that the Kanji comes from China. The pronunciation is probably a lot different when the name was first used around 700AD than the current pronunciation, both in Japanese and Chinese. --Sekizaru 19:46, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I've always thought Nippon/Nihon was a "keisu-bai-keisu" loosely established usage, so that there's no right or wrong way, just whatever way is prevalent in the mind of the person using the expression. Even official usage can change. Currency uses Nippon Ginko but the news often refers to Nihon Ginko and anyway everyone abbreviates to NichiGin :) Vincent 08:48, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

I has started an article Nippon and Nihon. The confusion and discussion here seem good enough to justify having an article dedicated to this topic. I hope it will help us and readers clear confusion. -- Taku 15:06, Sep 30, 2004 (UTC)

 * I noticed someone deleted the Names of Japan section. I didn't put it back because I have noticed that Wikipedia is complaining about the article being too long.  I created a seperate Names of Japan page, but this might conflict with the Nippon and Nihon page.  Please let me know if you have an opinion on what should be done.

--Scipantheist 21:00, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Heisei Emperor
Emperor Akihito seems to be a common term in the west, but I notice that most Japanese prefer "Emperor Heisei". Both should be mentioned, but I'm not sure where. Thoughts? Zeimusu 12:25, 2004 Apr 29 (UTC)(again)

 * Actually, his name isn't Emperor Heisei. In Japanese you would call him kinjo tenno or "the present Emperor."  AFAIK it wouldn't be correct to call him the Heisei Emperor until he passes away and the name is conferred upon him... and it's apparently disrespectful to refer to the living Emperor by name. -- Sekicho 02:26, May 2, 2004 (UTC)

Kokkai / Diet / Parliament
The article is a bit unclear on what's what in this section. It's my understanding that the legislative branch is the Kokkai or Diet, and not a part of it, and that the bit about the "executive branch" thus should be moved further down in the paragraph, and that the term "legislative branch" should be replaced with "diet". I won't be checking this page regularly, so please send any comments to david@start.no.

5-paragraph intro?
I've noticed most country articles have at most a 200-word paragraph or so before the table of contents/data box/first subject heading; Japan has five paragraphs, of varying length.

This has the unfortunate effect of pushing the data box, with the attractive flag/seal/map motif, down below the first screen of most users. Anyone want to redistribute the intro? There seems to be a lot of etymology and history that could be trimmed out, but I wouldn't know where to put it.... Radagast 00:58, Jun 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * I personally think all the specifics about Nihon/Nippon vs Japan should be moved "below the fold". While it definitely belongs in the article, it doesn't deserve 2/3 of the intro either. -- Cyrius|✎ 01:22, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I moved the paragraphs directly concerned with the name to "below the fold" as suggested. However maybe the first paragraph needs to be re-written to take this into account. Any suggestions on where the Origin of Name section should go or an alternative title for it? --Sekizaru 19:58, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

History
I'm a little confused about this paragraph:

If the Upper House was dissolved in 2003, why are there elections for it in July 2004? Also, would this be better placed in the Politics section? -AndrewHows

 * It's Cleared up and merged into the Politics section. The lower or the House of Parliament was dissolved and upper or the House of Councillors is up for the election today. I guess the writer simply got confused. Revth 07:35, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC)

State vs. Nation vs. Country
The passage  seems to be the subject of an accidental edit war. People keep changing State to Nation or Country, Nation to State or Country, and Country to State or Nation, in a never-ending cycle of pointless synonym-replacement. Can we settle on a term so this silliness can end?   — Gwalla | Talk 00:40, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I compared the [English version] of The Constitution with the Japanese version as the constitution seems to be one of the main uses of the word "Nihonkoku" in literature. There were only two uses of the word (Article 1 and 98) and they were translated as "the State" and "Japan" respectively. I'm not sure what this proves but as it is an official title it should be capitalized so maybe that excludes country. In the context of Japan, nation and state have the same meaning so it depends on the context. Nation-state would be the ideal word but it sounds awkward so personally I would recommend leaving it in its current from of "State of Japan" but either of the two would be fine as long as an agreement can be reached. --Sekizaru 20:33, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I would add that the State of Israel (Isuraeru-koku) and the State of the City of Vatican (Bachikan-shi-koku) follow the same convention in Japanese. Sekicho 02:36, Aug 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Could it be that "State" is the preferred word used by Americans and "Nation" is the preferred word used by British? "State of Japan" sounds really weird, it looks more like meaning "condition". Also, "State" sounds more like "Federation", something forming part of a country such as USA or now the EU. I personally think "Country of Japan" is best, it's the most neutral word to use in this scenario. What do the rest of you think? -- 81.86.110.57 19:41, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Look up the terms on Wikipedia! A state is a sovereign political entity. A nation is a group of people not necessarily defined politically (e.g. Native American nations). The two can certainly overlap (and they overlap almost perfectly in Japan's case, hence the term nation-state) but they're still different. "Country" is fine to describe Japan, but it's not an official term and no country that I know of uses it that way (besides, it's equally vague: "country of Japan" could easily refer to rural Japan). As I said before, Israel and the Vatican both call themselves "State of ~" in English, and I see no reason why Japan should be any different when there's a 1:1 correspondence between English "state" and Japanese "kuni" (in the sense being described here, of course). - Sekicho 19:57, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

Kyushu not Kyushu?
On the Japanese Wikipedia for [|Japan] it says that Okinawa and Yamaguchi are sometimes listed under Kyushu, which would make the prefecture total nine. This would match the name of Kyushu being formed by 9 states. Yet, Yamaguchi is on Honshu Island and Kyushu only has 7 prefectures on the island. I just noticed that now. I don't know Japan's history but has this been mentioned anywhere?

 * Yeah, I believe it is covered in the Kyushu article -- Kyushu had 9 prefectures prior to the Meiji Restoration:
 * The name Kyushu literally means nine (九) provinces (州) and gets its meaning from the nine ancient provinces that once made up the island. These were Chikuzen, Chikugo, Hizen, Higo, Buzen, Bungo, Hyuga, Satsuma, and Osumi. The central government, behind the Meiji Emperor, in 1871 abolished this and the feudal system of government and established prefectures (Haihan Chiken) in their place.
 * -- Tlotoxl 05:14, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

History subsection
While I certainly welcome content to the Wikipedia, I am noticing that the history subsection is getting rather long-- delving into specifics of Manchurian occupation and other subjects that--IMHO-- may be better served on the History of Japan page. Certainly the Manchurian invasion was a large event, but is it a fundamental portion of Japan's 3000 year history? I would say no. Thoughts? Davejenk1ns 23:50, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * In my opinion, the Manchurian invasion is of major significance in the history of Japan, and should stand alongside other events, but I agree that the details and specifics included would be better placed in the History of Japan series, which the Japan article refers to as "Main." That's the best place for details. Fg2 00:19, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)

There should be more mention about the Japanese war crimes. At least maybe a paragraph?

Racist Comments?
The Japanese military killed millions of people in Korea, Manchuria, China, Singapore, Philippines, and Malaysia and was closely affiliated with Nazi Germany in the past 100 years. In today's term, Japan was a terrorist country. Japan recognized this history and deleted this section from their history.

The atom bombs were dropped by their new GOD or Shinto (=America), because of their WAR CRIMES. Millions of people were killed. 10,000 times more people than 9.11 Trade Tower attacks.

What racist wrote this? Is it some sort of hack? I deleted it and posted it here so someone could notify the webmaster.

Hiroshi66 (not logged on)

 * Thanks for removing it, but there's no hack, and there's no reason to notify the webmaster. If you can delete it, they can add it, so it's no hack. Why would we notify the "webmaster"? --Golbez 04:42, Oct 2, 2004 (UTC)

 * About the same text in Military history of Japan (I reverted it). The user put the text in both articles was at 211.178.27.160

 * It didn't seem very scholarly to me, much less that it was directed to the actual topic. We don't have to report it, but at least see that it wasn’t really done for education purposes, rather than some hate Japan freak.

Hiroshi

Notice board
I settled Japanese Wikipedians' notice board. Would you like to give a look? It needs much improvement. All who are interested in Japan are invited. :) Thanks. --Aphaea 16:02, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Japan/Archive 2


text:
User:Jarfil

Should translate that some day... some other day, that is :)

= Stuff =

 * User:Jarfil/Canon_Batteries

= Helper stuff =

 * Twinkle
 * AutoWikiBrowser

= WIP =

 * Solus_Operating_System

es:Usuario:Jarfil pl:Wikipedysta:Jarfil

title: User:Jarfil


text: Category:Romanian plays

title: Category:Romanian plays


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Njj

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 00:06, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

Njj
Non notable. According to Google, "Njj"+"Tollerton" = "No standard web pages containing all your search terms were found." and "Njj"+"juggling" = "1 - 10 of about 16 for Njj juggling" but no juggling company related web pages. --Chill Pill Bill 03:15, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Does not assert notability. michael 03:25, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete There are very few, if any, juggling groups that become notable in a year's time. --Xcali 05:53, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable. --Etacar11 23:59, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Njj


text:
Liu Shahe

Yu Xuntan (11 November 1931 – 23 November 2019), known by his pen name Liu Shahe, was a Chinese writer and poet. The son of a Sichuan landowner who was executed in the Land Reform Movement, he began publishing in 1948 and became a professional writer in 1952. He co-founded the poetry magazine Stars in 1956, but was denounced as a "filial descendant of the landlord class" when the Anti-Rightist Campaign began in 1957. For the next two decades he performed hard labour and was exiled to the countryside until the end of the Cultural Revolution. He resumed publishing in 1978, and his collection, Poems of Liu Shahe (1982), won the National Prize for Poetry.

Biography
Yu Xuntan was born on 11 November 1931 in Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, Republic of China. His parents were small landowners from Jintang County near Chengdu, and the family moved back to Jintang in 1935. His father worked for the Kuomintang government, and for that reason was killed by the Communist Party during the Land Reform Movement.

He entered Sichuan University in 1949, majoring in agricultural chemistry. He began writing in 1948, and served as an editor of a supplement to the newspaper Western Sichuan Peasant Daily. He became a professional writer in 1952, and joined the predecessor of the Communist Youth League of China that same year.

In 1955, Liu published his first poem, which was well received by critics, and became a poet almost exclusively. The following year, he published The Country Nocturnes, his first poetry collection, and was admitted to the Academy of Literature. Together with three other poets, he founded Stars, a monthly poetry magazine, in 1956. He wrote the poem series entitled "Grass and Stars" for the inaugural issue of the magazine, but was criticized soon after its publication.

When the Anti-Rightist Campaign began in 1957, Liu was denounced as a "filial descendant of the landlord class" and forced to undergo reform through labour for the next eight years, working all sorts of jobs including labourer and librarian. During the subsequent Cultural Revolution, he was exiled in Jintang without a job. He continued to compose poems in this period, but most of them were lost.

After the end of the Cultural Revolution, Liu resumed publishing in 1978. His collection, Poems of Liu Shahe (1982), was awarded the National Prize for Poetry. Many of his poems expressed a sense of loss over his youth and sentimentality for the years he spent as a downtrodden labourer. Other poems, written in a serene tone, recorded the emotional solace he found in the difficult times. He wrote less poetry after the mid-1980s, and spent much time publishing and commenting on modern Taiwanese poetry.

Liu was an outspoken critic of the simplification of Chinese characters. He wrote a dedicated column entitled "Simplified Characters are Unreasonable" (简化字不讲理) in the Chinese-language edition of the Financial Times.

Selected books
Sources:
 * The Country Nocturnes 农村夜曲 (1956), first collection of poems
 * Windows 窗 (1956), collection of short stories
 * Farewell to Mars 告别火星 (1957), second collection of poems
 * Poems of Liu Shahe 流沙河诗话 (1982), winner of the National Prize for Poetry
 * Track of the Wanderer 游踪 (1983), collection of poems
 * Goodbye, Hometown 故园别 (1983), collection of poems
 * Twelve Taiwan Poets 台湾诗人十二家, commentary on Taiwanese poetry
 * Talking of Poetry Across the Sea 隔海说诗, commentary on Taiwanese poetry

Personal life
Liu married in 1966. He had a daughter and a son, Yu Kun (余鲲).

Liu died in Chengdu on 23 November 2019 from complications of throat cancer, aged 88.

title: Liu Shahe


text:
User talk:Jarfil

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Cyberjunkie 03:15, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
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March 2016
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Nomination of Best pony for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Best pony is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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title: User talk:Jarfil


text:
Talk:Department of Loreto

Contradiction
The infobox says there are 7 provinces and 51 districts, but the article says 8 provinces and 53 districts. Which is correct? XinaNicole (talk) 16:12, 11 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Loreto Region. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130127005551/http://iinei.inei.gob.pe/iinei/RedatamCpv2007.asp?id=ResultadosCensales%3Fori%3DC to http://iinei.inei.gob.pe/iinei/RedatamCpv2007.asp?id=ResultadosCensales%3Fori%3DC

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:48, 26 May 2017 (UTC)

Inconsistent with other pages
Peru's administrative divisions changed from being called "departments" to "regions" in 2002, as stated in the page on the Administrative divisions of Peru.

Therefore this page's title should be changed from "Department of Loreto" to "Loreto Region" (as listed under List_of_regions_of_Peru_by_GDP, among others). Furthermore, Loreto Region currently redirects to Department of Loreto and it should work in the opposite direction.

Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by IntiTru (talk • contribs) 11:16, 6 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Department of Loreto


text:
User talk:Nathan Larson~enwiki

Welcome... again :-) Ta bu shi da yu 03:18, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Nathan--for the Salt of the Earth article, I'd add a few more footnotes (I see you already added one, which is good). The article is also better formatted than when I first saw it. Best, --Alabamaboy 13:13, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hi Nathan. I notice you've no email address set, but can you please email me. I've a question for you. Thanks - A l is o n  ❤ 21:52, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

Ichthus: January 2012
 In this issue...

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Your account will be renamed
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Renamed
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Nomination of Salt in the Bible for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Salt in the Bible is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Salt in the Bible until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. /Blaxthos ( t / c ) 00:33, 9 September 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nathan Larson~enwiki


text:
Maurice Tadadjeu

Maurice Tadadjeu (1950-2012 in Cameroon) was a Vice-President of the African Union's Economic, Social and Cultural Council of Central Africa.

He was a co-creator of the General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages in the late 1970s.

In 1996 he became Founding Director of NACALCO Center for Applied Linguistics in Yaoundé, Cameroon. From 1993 to 1997 Prof. Tadadjeu was Head of the Department of African Languages and Linguistics at the University of Yaoundé. He was also Professor of Linguistics at the University of Yaoundé.

Prof. Tadadjeu was a founding member of the African Academy of Languages.

He died on December 30, 2012.

Selected works

 * Démocratie de Partage du Pouvoir : Pour le Modèle P3 au Cameroun [Academic Literature, ANACLAC/NACALCO, 1997]
 * Confédération des Etats Unis d'Afrique [Academic Literature, Editions BUMA KOR, 1996]
 * Training manual for the teaching of national languages in primary schools [Reference book, Collection PROPELCA, 1991]
 * Le defi de Babel au Cameroun [Academic Literature, Collection PROPELCA, 1990] (Co-authored with Elisabeth Gfeller and Gabriel Mba)

Achievements
In 2005 Prof. Tadadjeu was awarded the Linguapax Prize.

title: Maurice Tadadjeu


text:
Young Eagles

The Young Eagles is a program created by the US Experimental Aircraft Association designed to give children between the ages of 8 and 17 an opportunity to experience flight in a general aviation airplane while educating them about aviation. The program is offered free of charge with costs covered by the volunteers. It was launched in 1992 and, by July 2024, had flown more than 2.3 million children in 90 countries, making it the most successful program of its kind in history. The presenting sponsors for it are Phillips 66 and Sporty's Pilot Shop.

Program history

Project Schoolflight, co-founded by EAA founder Paul Poberezny in 1955, served as the inspirational predecessor program to the Young Eagles, ending in 1978. In 1991, a survey of long-time EAA members was conducted to help determine the nascent organization's future priorities. Nearly 92 percent said EAA's primary objective should be to involve more young people in aviation. The survey also showed that a flight experience inspired respondents toward aviation. On May 13, 1992, following several months of coordination by EAA's then-President Tom Poberezny and members of the EAA Board of Directors, management, staff and volunteers, the Young Eagles Program was unveiled at a Washington, D.C. news conference.

The mission of the EAA Young Eagles Program is to provide a meaningful flight experience – free of charge – in a general aviation aircraft for young people (primarily between the ages of 8 and 17). Flights are provided by EAA members worldwide.

The initial goal of the program was to fly one million children prior to the 100th anniversary of flight celebration (Dec. 17, 2003). That goal was achieved on November 13, 2003. An ongoing annual goal of introducing 100,000 young people to the Young Eagles experience was established.

In March 2011, EAA reported the results of a study on the program that showed that program participants were 5.4 times more likely to become a pilot than those who had never participated and that 9% of those new pilots were female, an increase of 50% compared to the general population of pilots, which was 6% female. The study also indicated that the older a child is when taking their flight that it is the more likely that child will become a pilot, with two out of every 100 participants who are 17 years old continuing to complete a pilot certificate. The program is administered by the Young Eagles Office at EAA headquarters in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

Since 1994, "International Young Eagles Day," a day set aside to encourage all EAA members and Chapters to participate is held annually on the second Saturday of June.

At AirVenture Oshkosh 2012, EAA unveiled a new program called "Eagle Flights," which will offer rides for adults.

International Young Eagles
In Canada the Canadian Owners and Pilots Association participated in the Young Eagles program between 1992 and 2008. COPA members had flown more than 81,000 Young Eagles. COPA participation was ended on May 31, 2008, due to insurance concerns.

Pilot participation
More than 43,000 pilots have participated in the program, donating their time and paying the full cost of providing the flights for the children in their own or rented aircraft. While some pilots have only flown a few Young Eagles there are many pilots who have flown more than three thousand children.

In September 2023, EAA volunteer Fred Stadler became the first Young Eagles pilot to fly 10,000 children as part of the program. He started giving Young Eagles flights in 2000.

Program Chairmen
At the program's inception EAA decided to continuously recruit a well-known person and pilot to act as Chairman and raise the profile of the program. The program's founding chairman was Academy Award-winning film actor Cliff Robertson, who served in that capacity from 1992 to 1994. Robertson was succeeded in 1994 by retired USAF General and test pilot Chuck Yeager, the first person to fly faster than the speed of sound. Yeager stepped down as chairman in 2004 and, in March 2004, franchise film actor Harrison Ford became Chairman of the Young Eagles program. Ford has flown more than 300 Young Eagles, including the 2-millionth Young Eagle, in several types of aircraft, and finished his five-year term in 2009. In September 2009, Captain Chesley Sullenberger and First Officer Jeffrey Skiles, who became famous in the US Airways Flight 1549 Hudson River ditching on 15 January 2009, were named as the program's new co-chairmen.

In July 2013, aerobatic world champion pilot Sean D. Tucker replaced Sullenberger and Skiles as chairman. In July 2018, NFL tight end Jimmy Graham joined Tucker as the organization's co-chairman.

Rolls-Royce scholarship
Rolls-Royce contributed in 2010 six flight scholarships for basic flight training, and one for advanced training toward a private pilot certificate.

The Next Step
In May 2009, EAA joined with Sporty's Pilot Shop of Batavia, Ohio, to provide the Next Step to the Young Eagles Flight experience. Sporty's has made their on line Complete Flight Training Course available to any interested Young Eagle following their flight. Sporty's also provides pilot logbooks to allow Young Eagles to record their flight and any subsequent aviation experiences.

Gathering of Eagles
The Gathering of Eagles is an annual fundraiser auction event to support the Young Eagles program. The organization hosts the event each year in the EAA AirVenture Museum during its EAA AirVenture Airshow. Among items auctioned were a SR-71 themed "Blackbird" Ford Mustang donated by Ford Motor Company, Jack Roush, and EAA member Carroll Shelby.

One-of-a-Kind Auctioned Cars
 * 2006: Shelby GT350H Ford Mustang
 * 2007: Unknown
 * 2008: F-22 Raptor Ford Mustang "AV8R"
 * 2009: P-51 "Dearborn Doll" Ford Mustang "AV-X10"
 * 2010: SR-71 "Blackbird" Ford Mustang
 * 2011: United States Navy Blue Angels Ford Mustang
 * 2012: Tuskegee Airmen "Red Tails" Ford Mustang
 * 2013: United States Air Force Thunderbirds Ford Mustang
 * 2014: F-35 Lightning II Ford Mustang
 * 2015: Apollo Ford Mustang
 * 2016: Bob Hoover P-51 "Old Yeller" GT350 Mustang
 * 2017: 2017 Ford F-150 Raptor F-22 Raptor
 * 2018: 2018 Ford Eagle Squadron Mustang GT
 * 2019: 2019 Ford "Old Crow" Mustang GT
 * 2021: WASP inspired 2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E
 * 2022: 2022 Ford Bronco

title: Young Eagles


text: User talk:24.4.51.184

title: User talk:24.4.51.184


text:
Bentonville High School

Bentonville High School (BHS) is a public high school in Bentonville, Arkansas, United States. Founded in 1910, the school provides education for students in grades nine through twelve. It is one of two high schools of the Bentonville School District.

Communities zoned to Bentonville High include: much of north-east Bentonville, most of Cave Springs, much of Bella Vista, and small sections of Gravette, Little Flock, Rogers, and Springdale.

The school consists of two buildings. A football stadium for the school sits adjacent. An additional campus for the district's professional studies program, Ignite, is located nearby.

Alumni

 * Doug McMillon, CEO of Walmart
 * Malik Monk, NBA player

title: Bentonville High School


text: Category:Operas by Gottfried von Einem

title: Category:Operas by Gottfried von Einem


text:
Jam Handy

Henry Jamison "Jam" Handy (March 6, 1886 – November 13, 1983) was an American Olympic breaststroke swimmer, water polo player, and founder of the Jam Handy Organization (JHO), a producer of commercially sponsored motion pictures, slidefilms (later known as filmstrips), trade shows, industrial theater and multimedia training aids. Credited as the first person to imagine distance learning, Handy made his first film in 1910 and presided over a company that produced an estimated 7,000 motion pictures and perhaps as many as 100,000 slidefilms before it was dissolved in 1983.

Athletic activities
As a swimmer, Handy introduced a number of new swimming strokes to Americans, such as the Australian crawl. He would often wake up early and devise new strokes to give him an edge over other swimmers. Swimming led to him getting a bronze in the 1904 Olympics at St. Louis, Missouri. Twenty years later he was part of the Illinois Athletic Club water polo team at the 1924 Olympics in Paris, France, again winning a bronze medal. With his participation, he established a new record for the longest period of time between first and last Olympic competitions. Handy swam almost every day until the last few months of his life.

Handy appeared swimming in a commercial from 1978 asking for the public to support American athletes training for the 1980 Olympic games before the boycott. At the time of his filming, he was the oldest living United States Olympic medalist.

In 1965, Handy was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame. In 1977, he was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame.

Biography
Handy attended North Division High School (now Lincoln Park High School) in Chicago, and then the University of Michigan during the 1902–03 academic year. During that time he was working as a campus correspondent for the Chicago Tribune when on May 8 he wrote an article about a lecture in the Elocution 2 class given by Prof. Thomas C. Trueblood as a "course in lovemaking." Handy went on to describe how Trueblood had dropped to a bended knee in order to demonstrate how to make an effective marriage proposal. John T. McCutcheon, a Chicago Record Herald cartoonist, followed the next day with a cartoon about a "Professor Foxy Truesport" showing his class how to best make love.

Neither Trueblood nor university President James B. Angell were amused. Ten days after the initial article was published, Handy was suspended for a year for "publishing false and injurious statements affecting the character of the work of one of the Professors." Handy was told he could re-apply one year later. Instead, Handy decided to apply to a different school, but he was unable to gain acceptance to other schools because of what had happened at the University of Michigan. Handy was accepted to the University of Pennsylvania but was told to leave after two weeks of classes.

Tribune editor Medill McCormick tried to intervene on Handy's behalf, but Angell refused to change the suspension. At that point, McCormick offered Handy a job. Handy worked in a number of departments at the Tribune. It was during his time working on the advertising staff that Handy observed that informing and building up salespeople's enthusiasm for the products they were selling helped to move more merchandise. He also began researching exactly what made people buy a particular product.

Handy left the Tribune to do further work on corporate communications. He worked with John H. Patterson of National Cash Register, who had used slides to help train workers. With help from another associate, Handy began making and distributing films that showed consumers how to operate everyday products. After World War I broke out, Handy began making films to show how to operate military equipment. During this time the Jam Handy Organization was formed.

Handy was married to Helen Hoag Rogers and had five children. One of his daughter Chaille's children is the printmaker Garner Tullis. Another of his daughter Chaille's children is the inventor Barclay J. Tullis.

Filmmaking
After World War I, Handy was the Chicago-Detroit industrial representative for Bray Productions, creating films for the auto industry, Bray's largest private client.

General Motors selected Handy's organization to produce short training films as well as other training and promotional materials. One such film was 1940's Hired! – a training film for sales managers at Chevrolet dealerships; which is also featured in the Mystery Science Theater 3000 episodes Bride of the Monster and Manos: The Hands of Fate. Many films produced by the Jam Handy Organization were collected by Prelinger Archives and may be seen and downloaded at the Internet Archive.

Master Hands, the legendary 1936 documentary sponsored film (or as was called a "capitalist realist drama"), was selected by the National Film Registry for preservation in 1999.

Between 1936 and 1938, the Jam Handy Organization made a series of six animated fantasy sales films for Chevrolet featuring a gnome named Nicky Nome, which showed new Chevrolet automobiles saving the day from villains, often in retellings of classic tales such as Cinderella, the subject of two of those films, A Coach for Cinderella and A Ride for Cinderella. The other films were Nicky Rides Again, Peg-Leg Pedro, The Princess and the Pauper, and One Bad Knight.

The Jam Handy Organization produced the first animated version of the new Christmas story Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1948), sponsored by retailer Montgomery Ward and directed by Max Fleischer.

Handy also produced films for other companies and for schools. He's estimated to have produced over 7,000 films for the armed services during World War II. Handy was noted for taking only a one-percent profit on the films, while he could have taken as much as seven percent. He was noted for never having a desk at work, instead using any available workspace. Handy's suits did not have pockets, as he thought they were a waste of time.

Degrees
Despite Handy's troubles with the University of Michigan, his son-in-law Max Mallon, granddaughter Susan Webb, and great-granddaughter Kathryn Tullis received degrees from the school. Handy would receive an honorary doctorate from Eastern Michigan University.

Death
Handy died in Detroit on November 13, 1983, at the age of 97. He swam on a regular basis until just a few days before his death.

The Jam Handy advertising and marketing firm was displaced by Campbell Ewald as General Motors' principal advertising agency. The loss of those funds was responsible, during the year of his death, for the demise of Handy's agency, which had been located on East Grand Blvd in Detroit.

Archival sources
Handy's personal papers and the surviving Jam Handy Organization records are housed at the Burton Historical Collection at the Detroit Public Library. His family and ancestry are featured in a historical collection held at the William L. Clements Library at the University of Michigan. The Clements Library also published a book titled Annals and Memorials of the Handys and Their Kindred by Isaac W.K. Handy, edited by Mildred Handy Ritchie and Sarah Rozelle Handy Mallon (Ann Arbor, 1992). An hour-long interview with Jamison Handy (published December 26, 1961) is available at Internet Archive.

title: Jam Handy


text:
Hriňová

Hriňová (Hrinau; Herencsvölgy) is a town in the Detva District of central Slovakia.

Etymology
The name is derived from a dialect word for horseradish. chren - a horseradish, dialect: hriň (noun), hriňová (fem. adjective).

Geography
The town is located on the Slatina river, under the Poľana mountains. It is located app. 13 km from Detva and 40 km from Zvolen. A dam is located above the town.

History
At first, the town was a part of Detva municipality, which arose in the 17th century. In 1891, Hriňová became a separate municipality from Detva. It has town status since 1 January 1989.

Demographics
According to the 2001 census, the town had 8,289 inhabitants. 98.56% of inhabitants were Slovaks, 0.42% Czechs and 0.35% Roma. The religious make-up was 88.85% Roman Catholics, 6.19% people with no religious affiliation and 2.10% Lutherans.

Genealogical resources
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Banska Bystrica, Slovakia"

 * Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1763-1934 (parish B)

title: Hriňová


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Boston, Massachusetts/archive1

Boston, Massachusetts
This article has gone through a failed FAC and peer review. Since then I have attempted to clean up this article as much as possible. I was wondering if there is anything more that has to be done before this article is ready for FA. Pentawing 22:58, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Looks great- I don't have time to read though in details, but I noticed two little format things. First, should the table of sporting teams have visible lines? Second, I don't really like the external links in the section on visitor attractions - either write up some stubs if they're quite notable for the area or move the links to the ex links section - although they're not commerical ventures it seems a bit like advertising linked directly from the text.--nixie 01:13, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Taken care of. Pentawing 02:48, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The population figures in the intro and demographics do not tally. Tintin 02:04, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Should the passage in the intro be removed then? Personally, I don't know if the passage should be included since it isn't mentioned much elsewhere (except for demographics which uses the 2000 census data). Pentawing 02:48, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have no complaints about including it both in the intro and in the other section, but just that they should agree. The intro now puts it at 569,165 as of 2004 and demo at 589,141 in 2000. Probably one of them is wrong; or if the larger number is for Boston CMSA, the demographics section should mention that. If there was a census in 2004, what is the need for 2000 figures anyway. Tintin 03:13, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I decided to use the 2000 census data, given that the 2004 data is an estimate (official census data only come about every decade). I moved the 2004 estimates to the population table in the demographics section. Pentawing 03:38, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The top line in the article says "Boston redirects here." The intransitive verb "redirect" is a Wikipedia term, but the general readership of encyclopedias is unlikely to know what it means. I suggest deleting the phrase. See, for example, Yokohama, Kanagawa, which does not use the template. Fg2 05:56, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I made some more suggestions at User:Fg2/Boston. Please feel free to use anything you like from that. Fg2 06:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * One general comment is that a lot of space is devoted to things that are not in Boston. Given that Wikipedia has an article on Greater Boston, it's questionable whether companies, universities, and sports teams located in Hopkinton, Cambridge, and Foxboro should be in the article. Some of these can be removed from the Boston article (and moved, where necessary, to the Greater Boston article), while others can be recast from a Boston point of view (e.g. Boston's football fans travel to nearby Foxboro to see the New England Patriots play). Fg2 06:51, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I decided to use most of your suggestions for the introduction. I also replaced the redirect template so that it doesn't use the word "redirect." However, I tried to limit the amount of mention of institutions outside of Boston (I chose to reword so that it is from a Boston point of view). Economy is fairly difficult given that many, if not most, high-tech companies are located outside the city of Boston. Pentawing 02:36, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Again, an alternative to eliminating (or to keeping as is) is to put a Boston slant on things. An example of a Boston slant would be, "Boston venture capital plays an important role in high-tech startups in the area, such as XXX in Cambridge and YYY in Waltham" (but I don't know any factual examples, so I can't add this to the article). Fg2 08:00, 11 October 2005 (UTC) Modified Fg2 08:46, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Global city states that one study "...ranked cities based on their provision of "advanced producer services" such as accountancy, advertising, banking/finance and law" so a comment on accounting, advertising, and legal services would be beneficial. These could be stand-alone or integrated with the information on universities.

 * That article also mentions ethnic communities, so brief mention of Chinese, Italian, Jewish and other communities (present or former) is a possibile supplement to the existing information on Irish, Afro-American, and Hispanic groups.

 * Boston is also famous for restaurants, and these can be tied in to ethnic cuisine, sites of interest, neighborhoods etc. Seafood has a mention, but lobsters, clams, and scallops, cod, and schrod--- all associated with Boston (in the minds of either Bostonians or others) --- do not. Italian food, New England boiled dinner, chowder, restaurants or neighborhoods that specialize in any of these... all worth consideration (whether they make it into the article or not).

 * I'm tossing out ideas; please do not think that I would vote against an FAC for lack of any of these! Fg2 08:09, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I added some information that you suggested, though much of it is in sub-articles (notably for culture in Boston). Pentawing 19:14, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I know you've worked hard to establish that balance, so I didn't add the material myself. Fg2 00:33, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, so is there anything more that needs to be added? Pentawing 00:43, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Congressional district? I've looked at several featured articles on cities, and didn't notice anything prominent that they have that's lacking in this article. Hardly prominent, but perhaps worth noting, is Ann Arbor, Michigan's health-care ranking.

 * This is a very blue article, indicating tremendous breadth of coverage backing up the main article. I do have a question about the BC photo: is the prominent building within the city limits of Boston? If so, we can rewrite the caption to indicate that, or simply keep the photo and change nothing; if the building is outside the city limits, the photo would be more appropriate for an article on another city (it already illustrates several articles). Fg2 01:48, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't say much for health-care ranking (as in Ann Arbor, Michigan, which I got to FA, but someone else added that piece of information). I'll see about congressional districts. As for the BC picture, the image description says that it is in the Chestnut Hill portion of the campus. However, I am currently not in the Boston area, so I can't get a replacement image myself. Pentawing 01:59, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Regarding the BC pic: Chestnut Hill isn't actually a town. It's a name that covers parts of Boston, Brookline and Newton. Technically speaking, the Boston-Newton line goes right through the area of the "Chestnut Hill" campus in the picture. The library is in Boston, the larger tower is in Newton. I simplified the text regarding BC's location to make it less ambiguous. --18.95.1.21 05:19, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for clearing that up. As long as a good part of the photo shows Boston, it should be appropriate for the article. Fg2 05:41, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

If you can fix these, I don't see any problem in getting past FAC. =Nichalp  «Talk»=  11:30, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "Commonwealth of Massachusetts" this is something new to me and it initially didn't make sense. Is it possible to rephrase it to capital of the state, or more appropriately the commonwealth...?
 * region known as New England --> add location: NE U.S.
 *  Encompassing parts of New Hampshire, parts of the states…
 * have a variety of origins --> odd sentence try "Boston has a variety of nicknames" instead
 * Same problem with AA on people's designations. John Winthrop's etc. Who were they? William Tudor might have been the king of England ;)
 * Don't start a para with a left-aligned image
 * you can move the BW history image a bit lower.
 * "Boston is named after Boston, England, a town in Lincolnshire." modifiy to: "Boston in Linconshire county in England".
 * 'Revolution (such as, text in parenthesis diverges from the topic. Embed in text instead
 * rum, fish, salt and tobacco. unwikify
 * Greater Boston, unbold, italicise instead
 * Cambridge, and Charlestown are wikified multiple times in ==Geography==
 * Under ==Demographics== again, do not begin with a left image. keep the image on the right, and move the table a little lower,
 * The image on the Beacon Hill houses are in the wrong place, move it lower, after List of Mayors of Boston, Massachusetts
 * A one line description on plurality voting?
 * Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI), avoid linking using this style. wikify instead.
 * place the state-house image just after =State and federal agencies= right align.
 * are footnotes 4,5,6 all necessary?
 * See also: Major companies in Greater Boston, this should come at the end of the section. In general, {{main| comes after the title, and {{see also| comes at the end of a section.
 * Boston Latin School (the oldest... bracket issue again
 * number of rotaries, which have confused many drivers. bit silly having this statement, I feel.
 * Many consider Boston a highly cultured city, perhaps as a result of its intellectual reputation This is a peacock or weasel phrase.
 * That sports table looks unprofessional for a page like this, please merge with the text.
 * ==Transportation= should have two paragraphs. Merge.
 * Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and Chicago make it clear that the paragraph deals with rail transport.
 * one of those surplus images in the demographics or government sections can be added to ==economy==
 * I see a few footnotes. Recently, I've begun to object to the abuse of footnotes in favour of inotes. In this scenario, I feel that 2, 3, (4 or 5 or 6 – choose two), 7, 10 and 11 should be converted to {{tl|inote}}. Those links in the ==notes== should be added to ==references==. Use {tl|explain-inote}} under the ==Reference== section.
 * There's a category All-America city. Perhaps you could mention that award under culture.
 * I've checked the content page size, its reduced and I don't have a problem with it. (31 kb raw content.). If there is a need to cut down text, look at the ==demographics== section. Some unnecessary figures can be pushed into a main article.
 * There are nine red links, consider filling them up.


text:
Tampico Expedition

The "Battle of Tampico" was fought November 15, 1835, in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Gregorio Gómez and the Mexican Centralist garrison engaged Gen. José Antonio Mexía and 150 American volunteers. This was part of an uprising against General Santa Anna, and its outcome affected the future of the Texas War of Independence.

Background
After the Mexican Congress elected General Santa Anna as President of Mexico in 1833, he appointed Valentín Gómez Farías as his vice president and turned over much of the governing of Mexico to him. However, the Vice President began implementing liberal reforms, particularly impacting the Mexican Army and the Catholic Church. These reforms angered the powerful conservative forces, who urged Santa Anna to abandon his semi-retirement. Santa Anna agreed and led the reaction against liberalization, forcing Gómez Farías and his Federalist supporters to flee into exile in the United States.

When the revolt began in October 1835, a majority of the Texas colonists remained loyal to Mexico. "The Consultation", a meeting at San Felipe de Austin on November 7, 1835 resulted in a statement that the colonists were defending the republican principles of the Mexican Constitution of 1824. This statement emboldened Santa Anna's exiled opponents in the United States. Mexican General José Antonio Mexía and several other political opponents of Santa Anna's opponents fled to New Orleans, USA where they planned to resist the Centralist government. Mexia declared that capturing Tampico, Mexico would be a fatal stroke against that government.

Voyage of the Mary Jane
In October 1835, Mexía raised a military force in New Orleans for the purpose of supporting Federalist opposition thought to be present in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. On October 29, Mexia reported to Texian leaders that he had commissioned the armed schooner Mary Jane, to transport his expedition with a 12-pound cannonade and two eight-pound cannon. He added that there was a crew of fifty men, armed and provisioned for three months, plus 150 men ready for service on land. A subsequent report stated that the expedition contained a company of grenadiers with 52 men, a 42-man company of sharpshooters, 33 French and Creole volunteers known as the Company of Liberty and a marine corps consisting of 15 men. The latter included a captain, eight seamen, a first mate, a second mate, two cooks and two stewards.

The expedition departed from New Orleans on November 6, 1835. Richard Hall, master of the schooner Mary Jane had declared his destination to be Galveston and Matagorda. The cargo was reported as "...10 barrels of flour, 20 barrels of beef, 10 barrels of pork,6 barrels and 20 boxes of fish, 8 boxes of hardware and 20 boxes of potatoes." Five days after her departure, the ship encountered a storm that allegedly blew it off course. Only then did Mexia's staff tell the volunteers aboard the ship that the Mary Jane was bound for Tampico, not for Texas. It arrived at the bar off Tampico, at the mouth of the Panuco River, on November 14, When the pilot arrived to guide the ship into port, Mexia discovered that no one had told him about the ship's pending arrival. Before the ship passed the bar, a storm blew in and caused the vessel to run aground. The ship began taking on water, so Mexia ordered his men to throw some of the artillery and other supplies overboard, believing that lightening the load would free the ship.

Captain John M. Allen and Hall went ashore with six sailors to contact the fort that protected the port. The twenty-four man garrison not only quickly surrendered the fort and its three 24-pound cannon to Mexia's forces, they switched sides and joined the expedition.

The Battle of Tampico
Mexia and 150 supporters waded ashore and spent some time drying out. On November 15, they attempted to capture that important port city. The bulk of the Tampico garrison, commanded by Gregorio Gomez Palomino, had remained loyal to the centralist government. Federalist supporters had already been crushed by the Centralists. They knew of Mexia's landing and fortified the Tampico customs house. They had also been reinforced by a company of the Tuxpan Battalion. Federalist supporters had already been crushed by the Centralists and the attack failed. The federalist troops made their way into Tampico and arrived at the customs house. Shooting began when a sentinel outside discovered the invaders. The garrison began firing with cannon, killing two of Mexia's men. The invaders rushed the cannon and killed three of the defenders. The battle lasted about two hours. Mexia's men captured the customs house and two pieces of artillery, forcing the defenders to retreat into a nearby fort. By then, most of the invaders' usable ammunition had been expended. Mexia then ordered a retreat.

Mexia and his supporters boarded an American schooner, the Halcyon, which took them to the mouth of the Brazos River.

Aftermath
Thirty-one of the men who had arrived on the Mary Jane were taken prisoner. Three died of wounds and the remaining twenty-eight were executed on December 14, 1835.

Mexía's defeat convinced many Texians that Mexico's Federalists would be no help, thereby causing hard feelings to arise between these potential allies. Furthermore, the Mexican government declared that the expedition had been carried out by "pirates," executing the men Mexía left behind. This policy of "no quarter" was extended to the Texas situation in the pronouncement of the Tornel Decree.

title: Tampico Expedition


text:
Logie Awards of 2000

The 42nd Annual TV Week Logie Awards was held on Sunday 30 April 2000 at the Crown Palladium in Melbourne, and broadcast on the Nine Network. The ceremony was hosted by Andrew Denton, and guests included Elle Macpherson, Ruby Wax, Savage Garden and Macy Gray.

Winners and nominees
In the tables below, winners are listed first and highlighted in bold.

Performers

 * Macy Gray – "I Try" and "I Can't Wait to Meetchu"
 * Savage Garden – "Crash and Burn"

Hall of Fame
After a lifetime in Australian television, Bruce Gyngell became the 17th inductee into the TV Week Logies Hall of Fame.

title: Logie Awards of 2000


text: User talk:71.108.142.76

title: User talk:71.108.142.76


text: Category:Operas by Richard Strauss

title: Category:Operas by Richard Strauss


text: User talk:24.53.254.77

title: User talk:24.53.254.77


text: Category:Music dramas

title: Category:Music dramas


text:
User:Madkayaker

Madkayaker has been on Wikipedia for a while, mostly as a reader. Recently he has begun reading the recent changes page.

title: User:Madkayaker


text: User talk:68.83.211.84

title: User talk:68.83.211.84


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Prophet Yahweh

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was: keep. sjorford →•← 14:29, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Prophet Yahweh
Flavour of the month cook with a commercial twist ("...Prophet Yahweh may be reached at 1-IAM-THE-BOMB ($5.95 per minute)..."). Just another scam, not notable. --W(t) 03:31, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * Keep - I see no reason for it to be deleted... it's informative and objective. His claims may be dubious, but Wiki should remain objective. Vitriol 19:11, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep- You gotta be joking me? Why would we delete an article that has such pertinence especially at a time when it is all the rage on blogs and in genuine ufology circles (for the better or the worst)? Do you realize how many conspiracy theory articles we have on Wikipedia? Whoever wanted to delete this must have some sort of personal vendetta or deep seated anger with this individual and event. Please read about what this feature is truly for. -M4dch1ld 1:27, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep- Where exactly do you see any commercial twist? Especially any of the kind you have noted (call-in psychic line)? He has appeared on many major news media outlets, has a considerable online presence and has by all accounts "summoned a UFO on TV". True, that may seem fantastical or out-of-this-world, but if one puts away ones opinion on such matters, there is no doubt that he was a part of some sort of unusual event which was captures on television (by respectable news media) and which has garnered much debate and interest online. -CunningLinguist 03:38, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep- It has enough exposure in the paranormal world that basic info is useful. Chris Rodgers 04:40, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep- Weyes, read "Problems that may require deletion" on the Deletion policy page. This dude being a cook (or not) isn't a valid reason for deletion. As for being "not notable": the plain fact that some people took the time to create the article shows that this subject is notable to some. To think that you can decide for them whether or not it is notable or not is both arrogant and ignorant.
 * Keep. Notable. + Events still developing. + Media Exposure. --Da 'Sco Mon 04:57, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I agree, just because he may be a nutjob does not mean that this should be deletable. That, and it's gotten media coverage. As long as the article stays away from being too POV'd, I don't see what's wrong. -- Consumed Crustacean | Talk | 05:01, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Watch the video. I think you mean "kook" BTW. -- Barfooz  (talk)  05:45, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - I hear he makes a mean Burger; Should not be up for a VFD. --Irishpunktom\talk 09:27, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Even kooky burger-flipping prophets can become prominent ;-). Shem 10:49, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - A fried pointed his website out to me, and this page helped me find out what the Prophet is actually about Stephen 11:37, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Barely Keep - but needs major cleanup. I'm tempted too write an article about the nut-job in my neighborhood, but he hasn't bamboozled the news crews yet.  :)  Wikibofh 15:11, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - very informative page about a person who obviously is receiving media coverage. - Quirk 17:45, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. KTNV's website makes no mention of this supposed UFO sighting.  RickK 19:23, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * The video of KTNV's newscast is there for viewing. As I have heard it, they have gotten so much traffic to their site, and people calling the station seeking information on Yahweh that they have decided to distance themselves from Yahweh and only will report if there are more UFO sightings.-Da 'Sco Mon 20:45, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you post a link to the video? RickK 21:03, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * 1 Its at the bottom of the article, as are various blogs of people who saw the event on television and online -CunningLinguist 22:08, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, with some severe cleanup for verifiability. ESkog 02:15, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP, very notable, gets over a thousand google hits and, has been reported about in several magazines, websites, radio and TV shows. Do you even understand why we delete articles?--The_stuart 13:22, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep what more can I add axcept for my vote? --Technogiddo 13:39, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Absolutely Keep. --  — I. Neschek |  talk 14:48, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. There's no reason this page should be deleted. --Mjp797 17:43, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:McGregor, Texas

McGregors, my last name

Untitled
In 2005, Dell Computer opened a telephone computer service center in McGregor. It occupies the former headquarters of Rocketdyne, which was part of large facility that manufactured solid fuel rockets for the military.

During World War II, a bomb factory and storage facility were built in McGregor. Thousands of acres of farmland were purchased by the War Department. After the war, this property was divided between Rocketdyne and Texas A&M for use as an agricultural research facility.

The McGregor Independent School District provides the schools for the area. It has one high school, which has been classified under the Texas University Interscholastic League as either AA or AAA, depending on the enrollment. In general the high school enrollment has included approximately 300 students. McLennan Community College also operates a facility in McGregor in the old elementary school.

The McGregor High School mascot is the bulldog and its colors are black and gold.

Further information about McGregor can be found through the McGregor Mirror, a weekly newspaper, owned by the Mooney family.

Demographics
The edit made 17:20, 5 September 2006 by 206.132.137.97 to the demographic data was made without citations and massively changes the previously reported demographics.

I believe the older demographic data to be more accurate, so pending further edits with citations demonstrating that the population is ".01% White [...] Hispanic or Latino of any race were 99.99%" I'm making a minor revert back to the old values. Occasional Reader 14:50, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:McGregor, Texas


text: User talk:69.171.2.47

title: User talk:69.171.2.47