text:
Talk:Rocky Top

Recording info
Felice Bryant has publicly stated that the song was written as a something of a joke, a throwaway that they wrote to break tension while on a songwriting trip to the Smoky Mountains to get away from the tensions of home, written in room # 8 at the Gattlingburg Inn. The linkage of it to Williamson County seems inappropriate; also, it was written in the mid-1960s, not 1960 (I did note the use of "ca", but still ...) Of course, "Rocky Top" became a huge hit and the other songs written on the trip, the "serious" songs, are now largely forgotten. Rlquall 12:24, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Who all has recorded rocky top
Did John Denver ever record rocky top??

 * Who made this post? Please sign your posts!
 * John Denver didn't record Rocky Top, unless perhaps it appeared on a live recording. Here are the artists who have recorded Rocky Top, according to the song's publisher:  Buck Owens, The Osborne Brothers, Lynn Anderson, Terry Gibb, Dinah Shore, Chet Atkins, Boots Randolph, Glen Campbell, Dolly Parton.  Here is the source:  House of Bryant Publications  Add it to the article if that information is helpful.  --Dulcimerist 15:17, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

The version that's often attributed to John Denver by most people is the one by the Osborne Brothers. sbcatch35 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.255.34.29 (talk) 07:53, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Also recorded by Larkin Grimm on her album The Last Tree. No citation but, check it out! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.21.78.98 (talk) 23:06, 28 January 2010 (UTC)

Powell High School Band in Powell TN has Rocky Top as their fight song, comes from an agreement with UT. Not sure if this should be added, but here's a YouTube link: https://youtube.com/watch?si=CxiHa9Cai8F8w9lX&v=Ndqfdsh-8Ck& —Slick Kat 76.73.144.17 (talk) 03:11, 11 November 2023 (UTC)

Corn
I removed the reference to the line "corn in a jar", from this sentence: "The song's second verse is an ode to two apparent murders and the illegal production of alcoholic beverages by moonshining, with references to "looking for a moonshine still" and "corn in a jar"."

The lyrics actually read

Corn won't grow at all on Rocky Top, Dirt's too rocky by far. That's why all the folks on Rocky Top, get their corn from a jar.

Thus the corn refers to growing corn, not making moonshine. Prome theus  -X303-  11:37, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

RE: Corn
Moonshine is generally made from corn. The lyrics are implying that the "strangers" (revenuers) won't find a moonshine still atop Rocky Top because you can't grow corn there. Moonshine generally comes in mason jars, so "getting your corn from a jar" may be a euphemism for drinking moonshine (I'll look for a reference).

Bms4880 07:42, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Location of Rocky Top
"Ironically, the peak of Rocky Top is actually located in North Carolina"

The Tennessee-North Carolina border splits the summit of Rocky Top.

Do you have a source referencing a different Rocky Top? If not, this sentence should be removed or modified. Bms4880 08:02, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Official Fight Song
The article starts by saying "Rocky Top" is the offical fight song for the University of Tennessee Volunteers. Later (paragraph 6), there is a sentence saying, "Contrary to popular belief, Rocky Top is not UT's official fight song..." One of these sentences needs to be changed because they contradict each other.

Whitelightning08 (talk) 04:18, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

the song's inspirational mountain
I can't find a source in which either Bryant ever mentioned the knob on Thunderhead as the inspiration for Rocky Top. I understand it's the most logical choice, but unless they specifically mentioned Thunderhead as the inspiration for the place described in the song, this paragraph will need to be reworded. Bms4880 (talk) 22:45, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
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 * http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=17:1301677

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060509153043/http://www.efolkmusic.org:80/ArtMusic/viewdownload.asp?AID=118&Artist=The+Red+Clay+Ramblers to http://efolkmusic.org/ArtMusic/viewdownload.asp?AID=118&Artist=The+Red+Clay+Ramblers

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title: Talk:Rocky Top


text:
File:SamMaxFreelancePolice.jpg

Summary
A screenshot of Sam & Max: Freelance Police from the E3 trailer.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:SamMaxFreelancePolice.jpg


text:
Newport Stadium

Newport Stadium, also known as Spytty Park, is an association football, rugby and athletics stadium in Newport, South Wales. It is the home of Newport City Football Club, Newport RFC and Newport Harriers Athletic Club. It was previously also used for home matches by Newport County and Albion Rovers football clubs. Newport County continue to use the stadium as a base for youth teams and senior squad training.

Facilities
The stadium is owned and managed by Newport City Council and is part of the Newport International Sports Village, which includes the Wales National Velodrome.

It was upgraded to Conference National standard for football and had a capacity of 5,058 prior to Newport County relocating to Rodney Parade in 2012.

The stadium can accommodate international-standard track and field athletic events and is of Class 1 standard. The stadium floodlighting can achieve up to an average of 500 Lux.

In October 2021 Newport RFC relocated their home matches from Rodney Parade to Newport Stadium whilst agreeing with the WRU to play two matches per season at Rodney Parade.

Layout
The stadium has two covered stands along the touchlines of the pitch. The west stand is all-seated with a capacity of 1,100 spectators. The east stand is a 1,600-capacity covered standing terrace, commonly referred to as The Shed. An uncovered standing terrace also exists at the north end.

The stadium is approached from Spytty Road and has a large spectator car park.

Temporary and demountable stands
When Newport County played Blackpool in the 2001–02 FA Cup, a temporary all-seated stand was erected behind the goal at the north end in front of the terrace – at that time there was only the west stand and a very small north terrace. When Newport County played Swansea City in the 2006–07 FA Cup, a temporary stand was erected behind the goal at the south end.

In 2011 further all-seated uncovered demountable stands were erected behind each goal: A 949-seater stand at the south end and a 1,197-seater stand in front of the north terrace. This took the total capacity of the stadium to 5,058 with 3,246 seated.

Football attendance records
The record attendance at the ground without temporary stands is 4,300 (a capacity crowd at the time) against Manchester United in the 2003–04 season. With the addition of a temporary stand, the record attendance stands at 4,616, set for a FA Cup match against Swansea City on 11 November 2006.

title: Newport Stadium


text:
Maung Gyi

Maung Gyi (မောင်ကြီး) is a Burmese martial artist that introduced Bando into the United States. He is the chief instructor for the American Bando Association.

Biography
Maung Gyi was born in 1936. He father was Ba Than (Gyi). He was the Director of Physical Education and Sports in the Ministry of Education in Burma.

In the early 1960s, Maung Gyi formally began teaching Burmese Bando at American University in Washington D.C. He coached the American Eagles men's soccer team in 1965.

In 1966, Gyi established the American Bando Association (ABA) in Athens, Ohio. In recent years, Gyi has worked to promote modern Burmese Bando and to be accepted into the expanding community of Asian martial arts in the United States.

Gyi is a scholar of international law, psycholinguistics, and communications. Gyi was a professor at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. While at Ohio University, he taught Cross Cultural Communications, was interim Soccer Coach and served as boxing coach for the OU Boxing Club.

title: Maung Gyi


text:
Formfit

The Formfit Company was a manufacturer of women's "foundation garments", mainly corsets and girdles. Founded in 1917 with headquarters in Chicago, Illinois, Formfit later became known for other types of lingerie, particularly bras and briefs.

History
Founded in 1917, the company's headquarters housed manufacturing, shipping and sales in a single building. They also had facilities in nearby Aurora, Illinois.

In the early 1960s, Formfit merged with Rogers lingerie, to make Formfit-Rogers. In this era, the label enjoyed a renaissance of sorts, producing intimate garments and gowns designed by Italian fashion designer Emilio Pucci.

In the 1970s Formfit-Rogers was acquired by New York-based apparel holding company, I. Appel Corp., run by New York businessman, Norman Katz. Under I. Appel, Formfit-Rogers built on its reputation as a premium market intimate apparel label, from its Emilio Pucci days.

In the late 1980s, like other I. Appel labels, Formfit's manufacturing was relocated to Mexico. Its quality control suffered, and many department stores dropped the line. This, combined with the rise of Victoria's Secret, saw Formfit-Rogers brand fall into decline (along with many other intimate apparel brands).

The "seamless panties" line of Formfit was acquired in 1997 by Jockey International and sold under the label "Form-Fit".

Many other brands have used the hyphenated word "Form-Fit" to describe various underwear lines. The term "Form-Fit" is not exclusive to the brand "Formfit" and has sometimes caused brand confusion.

The rights to the Formfit-Rogers name are currently held by Colombia-based Ingresar Apparel Company.

title: Formfit


text:
CAMK

CAMK, also written as CaMK or CCaMK, is an abbreviation for the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase class of enzymes. CAMKs are activated by increases in the concentration of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) and calmodulin. When activated, the enzymes transfer phosphates from ATP to defined serine or threonine residues in other proteins, so they are serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. Activated CAMK is involved in the phosphorylation of transcription factors and therefore, in the regulation of expression of responding genes. CAMK also works to regulate the cell life cycle (i.e. programmed cell death), rearrangement of the cell's cytoskeletal network, and mechanisms involved in the learning and memory of an organism.

Types
There are 2 common types of CAM Kinase proteins: specialized and multi-functional CAM kinases.

 * Substrate-specific CAM Kinases: only have one target that they can phosphorylate, such as myosin light chain kinases. This group of proteins includes CAMK III. More on CAMKIII can be found following this link.
 * Multi-functional CAM Kinases: have multiple targets they can phosphorylate and are found in processes including the secretion of neurotransmitters, metabolism of glycogen, and the regulation of various transcription factors. CAMK II is the main protein in this subset. More on CAMKII can be found following this link.

Substrate phosphorylation
Once calcium concentrations in the cell rise, CAM kinases become saturated and bind the maximum of four calcium molecules. This calcium saturation activates the kinase and allows it to undergo a conformational change which permits the kinase to bind to its phosphorylation target sites. CAMK removes a phosphate group from ATP, most typically using a Mg2+ ion, and adds it to the CAM protein, rendering it active. The CAM Kinase contains a highly concentrated glycine loop where the gamma phosphate from the donor ATP molecule is easily able to bind to the enzyme which then utilizes the metal ion to facilitate a smooth phosphate transfer to the target protein. This phosphate transfer then activates the kinase's target and completes the phosphorylation cycle.

Figure 1 shows how the presence of calcium or calmodulin allows for the activation of CAM kinases (CAMK II).

Structure
All kinases have a common structure of a catalytic core including an ATP binding site along with a larger substrate binding site. The catalytic core is typically composed of β-strands with the substrate binding site composed of α-helices. Most all CAM kinases includes a variety of domains, including: a catalytic domain, a regulatory domain, an association domain, and a calcium/calmodulin binding domain.

 * CAMK I: as shown in Figure 2, has a double-lobed structure, consisting of a catalytic, substrate-binding domain and an autoinhibitory domain. For the autoinhibitory domain to become functional, it must cause the protein to conform in such a way that this domain completely blocks the substrate domain from taking in new targets. Figure 2 goes into detail showing the structure and domains of CAMK I.

 * CAMK II: has a variety of different forms, with CAMK 2A being the most common, as shown in Figure 3. CAMK 2A has a ring-like crystalline structure, composed of smaller functional groups. These groups allow for the CaM-dependent phosphorylation of targets, but also allows the structure to autophosphorylate itself and become CaM-independent, as seen in Figure 1. This means once the CAMK 2A protein is initially activated by calcium or calmodulin, it can, in turn, further activate itself, so it doesn't become inactive even when it is without calcium or calmodulin. PDB 1hkx EBI.jpg

Family members
Members of the CAMK enzyme class include, but are not limited to:

 * CAMKI
 * CAMKIα (CAMK1)
 * CAMKIβ (PNCK)
 * CAMKIδ
 * CAMKIγ (CAMK1G)
 * CAMKII
 * CAMKIIα
 * CAMKIIβ
 * CAMKIIδ
 * CAMKIIγ
 * CAMKIII
 * CAMKIV
 * CAMKV CaM kinase like vesicle associated
 * SCAMK
 * Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase
 * CAMKK1
 * CAMKK2

Pseudokinases
Pseudokinases are pseudoenzymes, proteins that resemble enzymes structurally, but lack catalytic activity.

Some of these pseudokinases that are related to the CAMK family include:
 * Tribbles subfamily
 * TRIB1
 * TRIB2
 * TRIB3

title: CAMK


text:
Talk:Cyprus problem/Archive 3

Discussion Archives: Archive 1, Archive 2

Vandalism by E.A
Stop Vandalising this article and contribute properly.--Argyrosargyrou 22:31, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Created new sections
New sections on Human Rights, Destruction of Culture Heritage and Missing Persons aspects of the Cyprus dispute added to main page. Long negotiations section moved here in order to shorten main article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_Reunification_Negotiations --Argyrosargyrou 20:32, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism by Snchduer
Stop vandalising this article and READ the changes I have made and then base your revisions on those. The version by JL is not considered neutral by anyone except you and other Turkish apologists. The Reunification Negotiations have been placed on a page of their own firstly to shorten the length of the main article down to the basic substance, and secondly since they have nothing to do with the SUBSTANCE of the Cyprus dispute. The substance of the Cyprus dispute is Turkeys invasion and ethnic cleansing of Cyprus and its refusal to comply with UN resolutions and international law. The dispute is between Turkey and the rest of the world and involves the history leading up to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, the events of the invasion itself, the violation of the human rights of 200,000 Greek Cypriots who were ethnically cleansed, the 1600 missing persons, Turkeys illegal colonisation of Cyprus, Turkeys destruction of the Greek cultural heritage in the occupied areas and it refusal to comply with the judgements of the European Court of Human Rights.--Argyrosargyrou 19:50, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * You are the only user so far that endorses this opinion (about the substance of the conflict and your version being neutral), while there are at least 4 users (myself, E.A, Expatkiwi and RickK who you designate as "Turkish propagandists") who prefer JL's version. Plus, you still refuse to discuss any changes you make to this article. Your blindness to accept any point of view except your own surprises me. Human rights violations ARE mentioned in the article, and some numbers can for sure be added, and should be for a balanced article. - Snchduer 19:55, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Stop Vandalising this article and discuss the facts. I have discussed the edits I want made above and in previous threads. Expatkiwi has expressed his bias towards Turkey both here and in other pages, E.A is a Turkish Cypriot nationalist and RickK is an apologist, that wants the page on the Hellenic Genocide removed, just like you are. If you dispute any of the facts I have included in the article discuss them here with me first before vandalising the article. You have not included a proper Human Rights section or a section on destruction of cultural heritage and missing persons in your edits which are purely concerned with negotiations and in which you have made every possible effort to delete the historical account of what occurred between 1960, 1974 and the present day in order to distort what actually happened by omission and conceals Turkeys guilt and capability. That makes you an apologist. If you want to write about the politics of negotiations then edit the negations pages I have linked to. I as a historian am writing about the historical facts.--Argyrosargyrou 20:22, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This still makes you the only user so far to hold this opinion. Moving the negotiations part to a separate page is an attempt to take this out of the Cyprus dispute article, of which the negotiations form an integral part. Your view is heavily GC POV. I do not excuse what Turkey has done, and admit the human rights violations made by the Turkish army. You however try to omit what EOKA and GCs have done in the 60s and 70s to their fellow Cypriots, during the intercommunal violence, by strongly concentrating on what was done by the Turkish army, and listing everything extensively in a RoC-government style. You never discussed your edits, which were approved by no one so far. - Snchduer 21:43, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * If you had not gone around deleting all the facts and figures I included you would have read the figures of the TC's affected by the violence in 1963/4 therefore your statements are all baseless. "By February 1964 5,500 Turkish Cypriots and 1,600 Greek Cypriots had been displaced because of the fighting. Later 19,500 more Turkish Cypriots left their homes most of which were in mixed villages and moved into Turkish Cypriot only enclaves for better security."

 * The negotiations are not one of the causes of the cause Cyprus despute. They are there to help solve it and since you account of the negations takes up more room than anything else it belongs on its own page.--Argyrosargyrou 22:00, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * And as for you comments about me concentrating on events after 1974. That is not true either. 2/3 of the current article (excluding you exceedingly long description of negotiations) is about events before 1974.--Argyrosargyrou 22:09, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Make sure good edits aren't lost in the shuffle
I stumbled across this page via a roundabout path. I did minor style and wikify work on the intro b/c I hate "ugly" intro grafs (11:06, 28 May 2005 Feco version). Someone should take a look at the edits immediately before mine—from the 10:38, 28 May 2005 MacGyverMagic version to the 10:47, 28 May 2005 Argyrosargyrou version. There were a lot of changes to the content, but I don't know enough about the topic to be certain. It would be good for someone to make sure the big change is kosher. Either way, try to keep the intro in a presentable shape... wikilinks, bolding the article's title in the first sentence, etc. Feco 18:20, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The edits were Argyrosargyrou's attempts to revert to his POV version, which he claims is neutral. But I liked your ideas for an introduction and tried to incorporate them (the EU is only a party lately, and Britain is not so much part of the dispute since 1963); take a look and tell me what you think - Snchduer 18:46, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I would tighten the prose as much as possible:
 * The Cyprus Dispute is the ongoing conflict between Greek and Turkish Cypriots over Cyprus, an island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The dispute currently involves Turkey, Greece, the United Kingdom, the United Nations and the European Union. This dispute led to de facto division of the island into Greek- and Turkish-speaking halves, the latter being occupied by Turkish troops since 1974.

Feco 18:59, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Hm, more streamlined indeed. Use parts instead of halves - as actually it is something like 36% TRNC, about 50-60% RoC (anybody with clear figures?), and some percent for Green line (UN controlled) and sovereign British bases. Else very nice. - Snchduer 19:13, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Alas, the article has be re-reverted. Back to the Greek vs. Turkish worldview debate, I see. Funny, you would think the two cultures have been at war for centuries . I don't know enough about the subject to get involved in depth, but feel free to use any of my intro suggestions once the article has stabilized. Feco 19:35, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I am getting tired of this as well. Endless discussions and accusations... - Snchduer 20:04, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Lets Start YET Again
Hello people,

so - shall we start on improving this article again? If anybody is indeed against JL's version of the article, please voice your concerns below, but try to make it a rational discussion (accusing people of GC/TC/GR/TR propaganda is not helpful). I will try to give a few recommendations - which can of course also be discussed and amended - here on how we shall edit the article in the future.

When editing, try to preserve a balanced view of the conflict, stating facts as facts, opinions as opinions. Try to always show both sides of the conflict (GC and TC, plus Greek and Turkish where appropriate) equally, as this in my opinion is what the conflict burnt down to today. If you cannot do this, state it in a neutral way (as in "Hundreds of Greek and Turkish Cypriots were killed"), and make a note on this talk page so somebody else can provide us with more accurate numbers. Implications of the British in this conflict will also be informative, so add where appropriate. But most importantly, before making any major edits, discuss them on this talk page. If nobody replies for some days, take it as a "yes". - Snchduer 16:39, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Editing proposals
I will start positively with a proposal on changing the table of the elections. I would like to scrap the second table, given the fact that the number of Turkish Cypriots is most likely inaccurate (no reliable numbers can be given on this one, I believe). Instead, I would like - as in most elections and votes - to include the percentages and the numbers of valid votes, as well as a third row with the totals, together with a note on the 40% thing; sth like this:

Note: About 60% of the residents of the self-declared TRNC are considered Turkish settlers and thus not legal residents by the Republic of Cyprus, and thus not entitled to vote

- Snchduer 16:56, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Agyro's Version - RoC POV
Since this page was never neutral when it was created and was highly politicised I have rewritten everything based on official neutral Republic of Cyprus documents which cover all of the major points of the Cyprus dispute. The Cyprus dispute is essentially Turkey's illegal invasion of Cyprus in 1974 and its refusal to comply with UN resolutions and international law ever since and withdraw its troops. This has always been a Human not a political issue. The events that occurred before 1975 are not part of any international dispute so do not belong on this page. They belong on a separate history page which can be created later. The Cyprus dispute concerns human issues alone. These are the following Scheduler's descriptions of the UN negotiation process is a political issue so does not belong on this page so it has been removed. I will place it on a new page titled Cyprus Peace Process or any other title he is willing to suggest. Argyrosargyrou, If you're going to be neutral, then the issues would be better titled: Believe me, I'm making quite a few compromises in my principles in the above titles....--Expatkiwi 03:35 27 MAY 2005 (UTC)
 * The Turkish Invasion
 * Results of Invasion
 * Refugees
 * Missing Persons
 * Enclaved
 * Turkish Colonisation
 * "TRNC" - An Illegal Entity
 * Destruction of Cultural Heritage
 * 1974 Turkish Military Intervention
 * Intervention Goals - Obstensive, Perceived, and Actual
 * Inter-Communal populace displacement
 * Aftermath of the Intervention and populace exchanges
 * Demographic changes
 * Turkish-Cypriot UDI
 * Changes since UDI - Northern and Southern Cyprus

 * There is nothing wrong with neutral version. The only reason you want to discount the years before 74 is because it incriminates Greek Cypriots, which is why your "neutral" Republic of Cyprus documents will not cover them. To discount the years before is to suggest Turkey invaded Cyprus for no reason, when it was to prevent any more bloodshed that was caused by the Greek Cypriots. --E.A 09:09, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I object to using the version on the RoC homepage as a basis. It is not neutral, very one-sided, and does not cover the whole issue of the Cyprus dispute. The Cyprus dispute issue runs deeper than the 1974 invasion and after, which is why on the page JL wrote it starts even in the 19th century. - Snchduer 11:40, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

JL's version
I make a counter-proposal, namely to use JL's version as a basis for the article. It is not perfect, but it is quite neutral, even though it does not mention all the important facts. Yet I think it can be easily extended to a good article. - Snchduer 11:40, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree --E.A 15:57, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Recent Vandalism by 138.5.97.153
I reverted the changes made by 138.5.97.153. Deleting the discussion page will not help improving anything. It will be reverted back. If you have anything say, share your opinion with us here on discussion page. -Cansın 20.10, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Argyrosargyrou has created new article: Cyprus issue
The reason its gone quiet here is because his simply moved his POV stuff to a new article called Cyprus Issue, same old accusations and denials...--E.A 21:06, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow, that one really reads like a GC propaganda page, surpasses even the RoC government page, I guess. Guess his article will be deleted in no time. - Snchduer 11:04, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Right I was. Article has just been tagged as copyright violating... - Snchduer 17:00, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

The article has been flagged copyvio, "reverted" to remove the copyvio tag (no explanation given), re-tagged copyvio, and finally deleted. It may reappear, though. Feco 18:12, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

My revert
I just reverted the article. Blaming anything on the Turkish or the British in the lead of the article is going to sound POV, regardless of the fact who's fault it is. Make sure any sources that back such statements up aren't written by a party with a stake in the issue. Mgm|(talk) 17:43, May 28, 2005 (UTC)

About the former fork "Cyprus Issue"
(moved here from Talk:Cyprus Issue) - Mgm|(talk) 17:55, May 28, 2005 (UTC) This page only exists because Argyrosargyrou is still unable to a cooperative editing style as well as a result-oriented participation in a discussion. Proofs of this can be found at the Talk:Cyprus_dispute/Archive_1 and Talk:Cyprus_dispute/Archive_2 as well as in his attempt to instate the version he now publishes on this page at Cyprus_dispute, which is the main page of the Cyprus issue/dispute/conflict, and the page where users will continue to work on.

This page should be deleted as soon as possible, and replaced with a redirect to Cyprus_dispute - Snchduer 14:11, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * large parts of this page are copyvio. I've flagged as such. Feco 16:19, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The reason why this page exists is because the page titled Cyprus dispute has been hijacked by Turkish extremists and apologists who are working in collusion to keep reverting the page every time I try to include historical facts and figures about Turkeys symmetric ethnic cleansing and genocide of the Greek Cypriots in order to render it neutral.

 * The text used on this page has always been public domain so I can see no problem using it as a template.--Argyrosargyrou 16:59, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * if you follow the link on the copyvio notice, you'll find the page from which most of this article was copy/pasted. On that page, at the bottom, is a copyright notice. Feco 17:50, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Disclaimer: you refuse to adopt a cooperative editing style, calling everyone else a Turkish propagandist. We offered you to discuss changes, but you obviously never consented to do so. - Snchduer 17:09, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Quote: LOL.. Neither Expatkiwi, Snchduer, and RickK are contributing from a neutral standpoint. Snchduer, and RickK have all shown from their contributions here and elsewhere that they are behaving like apologists, with RickK going so far as to demand that the page on the Hellenic Genocide be deleted. EA. is a Turkish Cypriot nationalist and like RickK wants the history of the Hellenic Genocide suppressed so its no wonder he is doing the same on the history of Cyprus. And you accuse me of saying my view of history is the only acceptable one. I am saying that Expatkiwi, Snchduer, RickK and EA. are all on the side of Turkey and that balance is needed which none of them have provided. Snchduer has deleted all the historical facts and figures I added so as to equate legality with illegality and EA continues to reputedly sabotage the page by reverting to earlier pro-Turkish edits. --Argyrosargyrou 17:19, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This is wikipedia, not your private playground. Edit in cooperation with other editors or don't edit at all. The Cyprus dispute is a conflict between several parties, and one cannot expect one of these parties to publish a neutral or balanced point of view. Not the Republic of Cyprus government, not the TRNC leadership, not Turkey and not Greece. - Snchduer 17:09, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I have tried to cooperate with you in editing, but every time you ignore everything I say and keep reverting the pages as soon as I introduce facts and figures which you can't even be bothered to read. You have not even given an accurate description of the Annan plan (despite my notices) which states that Turkish forces will stay in Cyprus forever and you keep reverting my edits to falsly claim that they will all be withdrawn which is not the case. You are working as a Turkish apologist.--Argyrosargyrou 17:25, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Your contributions to the Cyprus dispute Talk pages do not show anything productive. They are full of accusations to other users. Your edits consisted of reverting to the version you wrote, which represented a strongly Greek Cypriot POV. - Snchduer 17:36, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Argyrosargyrou
As a Turkish Cypriot i have not even began to scratch the surface with what Greek Cypriots did to the Turks, i have had family shot and killed, i have relations who have lost their entire family, watched their sons shot, watched their brothers killed, had their fathers shot it the back. I have family who recount 120 people from their village being rounded up and shot in reponse to Turkey invading in 74. I could fill this article with information like this all day, but like your compatriots you choose to ignore these and spread bollocks all day. --E.A 20:41, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

I have a suggestion
Please go to www.cyprus-conflict.net This place is as impartial as you can get. It has both Turkish and Greek crimes on Cyprus. Everyone here in wikipedia is a biased fanatic when it comes to Cyprus. May there be TRUE democracy and TRUE reunification in Cyprus, free from any foreign domination, Turk, Greek, or British.

 * The problem here is with the facts. The problem is that E.A and Snchduer do not want the facts to be revealed at all. They are Turkish apologists and it does not serve their interests for have anything said about the Turkish invasion and the human rights vitiations, the number of people displace, the destruction of Cyprus culture heritage, the missing persons, the Turkish colonisation or what the Annan plan actually said no matter how true it might be because showing any of that would show that Turkey was the aggressor and does not want a solution and that the Greek Cypriots are the victims. What they are doing is like neo-NAZI's deleeting all reference to the holocaust and blaming the Jews for their own extermination. RickK has already shown that he wants the page on the Hellenic Genocide deleted and Expatkiwi is a supporter of the Turkish occupation regime.--Argyrosargyrou 23:08, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Dear Argyrosargyrou, you claim that Turkey is the aggressor. What is your opinion about Turkey's interference on Cyprus in 1974? Did Turkey invade the island without a reason, just beacuse Turks are barbaric, filthy creatures who have one thing to do: to hate and to exterminate the Christians in and around the Antolia? What is you opinion truly? I am new to Cyprus dispute in Wikipedia, so I just want to understand your stand point. Regards-Cansın 23.17, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Obviously, the Turks invaded because of the overthrow of Makarios III according to the treaty of guarantee. Nevertheless, the duty as a guarantor of the REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS was never completed.  The Turkish forces instead stayed on Cyprus, over the numbers allowed by the 1960 Constitution, and instituted a policy of expelling the Greek residents of the north via force. This is the illegal aspect: Turkey continued to invade despite the return of the functions of the government, and totally broke its own agreement to defend the 1960 Contitution and the total territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus. Instead Turkey employed "taksim" in total contravention of the Zurich agreements.UNfanatic

 * Yes and luckily there has been 31 years of peace and security for Turkish Cypriots since. --E.A 01:19, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It is Turks of your type that we have to watch out for. UNfanatic

 * Dear UNfanatic, Turkey's first intervention was legal according to those agreements you have just mentioned. Turkey intervened due to the ethnic cleansing campaign inflicted/directed by Makarios and his militia. We have grown up with photos and documentaries about Cyprus conflict showing dead Turkish babies, dead mothers in their apartments. Since hypocrite Western powers haven't done anything to ensure the security in the island, Turkey made the second move which was illegal. But, can you honestly say that Greek Cypriots were so friendly against Turkish Cypriots and didn't do anything to protect or ensure security for Turkish Cypriots? Turkey's second move and staying in the island since then is a reaction against the seeds sowed by Makarios by directing the massacres of innocent Turks before 1974. Please try to understand each other. Can you claim that Greek Cypriots haven't forced Turkish Cypriots to exile or massacred them? Regards -Cansın 3.00, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Both Greeks and Turks have a history of allowing their bloody nationalists to take over and massacre each other while centrists are dispossessed of their views, unfortunately. Of course the two view points are clear and I beleive that both happened at the same time, that there was a policy of Turkey and the Turkish Cypriot to restrict TUrkish Cypriots to areas on Cyprus, banning them from intermingling with the Greek Cypriots.  Unfortunately, EOKA II (there is a difference from the first EOKA), were bloody nationalists who could not swallow the fact that the Republic of Cyprus was an independent country, like 95% of the rest of the Greek Cypriots have already accepted, wholeheartedly, I might add.  Victims in this dispute: the Cypriotists(aka, Cypriot nationalists, be it Greek or Turk) supporters of the union and independence of the 1960 Republic of Cyprus.  Of course now it seems that it will not be like that, and once again, the supporters of true union of the Cypriot nation are dumped upon.  What ever happened about freedom of movement, association and property rights?  Where does the fear come from?  There is fear, on both sides, that the Greek and TUrkish nationalists may have more of a voice, instead of supporters of Cyprus.  Both Greece and Turkey should be banned from Cyprus, even from Cyprus talks.  Cypriots, both Greek and Turk should follow this idea.  Unfortunately, Cypriots did not write the Annan plan, Annan wrote it.  There is one hope yet, the European Union.UNfanatic

 * I'm in agreement with Cansın on this. The only real reason why TRNC was not recognized was that certain nations would view doing so as setting a 'dangerous precedent' for their own spheres of influence.  Their view is that 'The law may upset justice, but justice can't upset the law, no matter how much right is involved'.  UNfanatic and Argyrosargyrou are good examples of this line of thinking.  .--Expatkiwi 03:20, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cyprus problem/Archive 3


text:
Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro

Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro (NL Hydro), commonly known as Hydro, is a provincial Crown corporation that generates and delivers electricity for Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as portions of Quebec and the north-eastern areas of the United States. Between 2007 and 2021, NL Hydro was a subsidiary of the provincial Crown-owned energy holding company Nalcor Energy.

Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro's installed generating capacity, $8,034 megawatts$ (MW), is the fourth largest of all utility companies in Canada. Generating assets consist of 16 hydroelectric plants, including the Churchill Falls hydroelectric plant, which is the second largest underground power station in the world, with a rated capacity of 5,428 MW of power, one oil-fired plant, four gas turbines and 26 diesel plants. Every year, Hydro generates and transmits over 80% of the electrical energy consumed by Newfoundlanders and Labradorians – over 6,487 GWh of energy in 2004. Hydro also distributes power directly to 35,000 customers in rural Newfoundland and Labrador.

In 1975, the Newfoundland and Labrador Power Commission, a crown corporation originally established to assist in rural electrification, was renamed Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro Corporation.

Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro is the parent company of the Hydro Group of Companies, which comprises
 * Churchill Falls (Labrador) Corporation Limited (CFLCo)
 * Lower Churchill Development Corporation Limited (LCDC)
 * Gull Island Power Company Limited (GIPCo)
 * Twin Falls Power Corporation Limited (TwinCo)

Atlantic power connections
The Nova Scotia government commissioned (from SNC-Lavalin) a study in 2009 to consider an Atlantic wide regional electricity market operator.

A $6.2 billion deal between Newfoundland and Labrador's Nalcor Energy and Halifax, Nova Scotia-based Emera to develop the Lower Churchill Project was announced in November 2010. On November 30, 2012, a federal loan guarantee deal for financing of the project was signed by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Kathy Dunderdale and Nova Scotia Premier Darrell Dexter. On December 17, 2012, the provincial government announced project sanction. Emera received approval to proceed with the Maritime Link from the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board in 2013. Financial close for the loan guarantee occurred in late 2013. On September 23, 2020, the first unit at Muskrat Falls was synced to the electricity grid in Labrador. Power from the remaining three units was originally expected to come online in the fall of 2021. However, there were delays in construction, including on the corresponding Labrador–Island Link which will transmit generated power to a converter outside St. John's.

Labrador (6,271 MW)

 * Churchill Falls Generating Station, 5428 MW
 * Muskrat Falls Generating Station, 824 MW
 * Menihek Hydroelectric Generating Station, 19 MW
 * Twin Falls Hydroelectric Generating Station, 225 MW (non-operating)
 * Lower Churchill Generation Project, 2250 MW (in planning)
 * Mary's Harbour, 240 kW

Newfoundland (1,254 MW)

 * Bay d'Espoir Hydroelectric Generating Facility
 * Cat Arm Hydroelectric Generating Station
 * Granite Canal Hydroelectric Generating Station
 * Hinds Lake Hydroelectric Generating Station
 * Paradise River Hydroelectric Generating Station
 * Upper Salmon Hydroelectric Generating Station
 * Roddickton Hydroelectric generating station
 * Snooks Arm Hydroelectric Generating Station
 * Venams Bight Hydroelectric Generating Station
 * Star Lake Hydroelectric Generating Station
 * Exploits River (Grand Falls) Hydroelectric Generating Station
 * Exploits River (Bishops Falls) Hydroelectric Generating Station

Non-Utility Generators

 * Rattling Brook Hydroelectric Generating Station (Newfoundland Power)
 * Deer Lake Hydroelectric Generating Station (Corner Brook Pulp and Paper)
 * Corner Brook Stream Hydroelectric Generating Station (Corner Brook Pulp and Paper)

Labrador (32.8 MW)

 * Happy Valley-Goose Bay
 * Mud Lake
 * Black Tickle
 * Cartwright
 * Charlottetown
 * Hopedale
 * L'Anse-au-Loup
 * Makkovik
 * Mary's Harbour
 * Nain
 * Norman's Bay
 * Port Hope Simpson
 * Postville
 * Rigolet
 * St. Lewis
 * Williams Harbour

Newfoundland (23.5 MW)

 * Francois
 * Grey River
 * Hawke's Bay
 * McCallum
 * Ramea (Wind Diesel)
 * St. Anthony
 * St. Brendan's

Newfoundland (490 MW)

 * Holyrood Thermal Generating Station

Labrador (27 MW)

 * Happy Valley-Goose Bay

Newfoundland (223.5 MW)

 * Hardwoods 47.52417°N, -52.84694°W
 * Holyrood 47.45282°N, -53.09548°W
 * Stephenville 48.53556°N, -58.51778°W

Solar Generating Stations

 * Mary's Harbour, 190 kW

Highlights in the history of Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro

 * 1947 – George Desbarats hired as an engineering consultant to undertake a water power survey
 * 1949 – Premier Joseph R. Smallwood promised to create a public utility
 * 1954 – On June 22, the Power Commission Act was passed creating the Newfoundland Power Commission, what would become Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro
 * 1956 – George Desbarats began as Commissioner and sole employee of the Newfoundland Power Commission.
 * 1956 – British Newfoundland Development Corporation (BRINCO) was formed to explore development at Bay d'Espoir and later Churchill Falls
 * 1958 – Premier Smallwood announced his Rural Electrification Plan
 * 1958 – John Ryan succeeds George Desbarats as Chair of the Commission
 * 1961 – Frank Newbury becomes Chair of the Commission
 * 1963 – Government passed the Rural Electrification Act, which established power distribution districts (PDDs) to assist non-incorporated municipalities to access electricity where feasible
 * 1964 – George Hobbs becomes Chair
 * 1964 – Bay d'Espoir Hydro Electric Development begins
 * 1965 – Government signed an agreement with Newfoundland Light and Power to give it ownership of the rural lines connected to its system. Any future lines would be jointly constructed.
 * 1965 – The Newfoundland and Labrador Power Commission Act replaced the 1954 Power Commission Act and created the Newfoundland and Labrador Rural Electrical Authority (REA). The Act also provided for the establishment of a province-wide electrical code.
 * 1966 – Bay d'Espoir Stage 2 began construction
 * 1968 – Construction on Holyrood Thermal Generating Station began
 * 1969 – CFLCo and Hydro-Québec sign the Upper Churchill Falls power contract
 * 1971 – First power from Churchill Falls delivered to Quebec
 * 1974 – Churchill Falls project was complete.
 * 1974 – Wallace Read replaces George Hobbs as Chair of the Power Commission.
 * 1974 - Government acquires part ownership of CFLCo from Brinco
 * 1975 – Government reforms the Commission into the Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro-Electric Corporation (Hydro)
 * 1975 – Denis Groom appointed as president and CEO of Hydro
 * 1975 – Government appoints Douglas Fullerton as the first Chairman of the Board of the Hydro Group of Companies.
 * 1978 – Stage 3 of the Bay d'Espoir project was officially opened
 * 1978 – Victor Young replaced Denis Groom as chairman and CEO of Hydro
 * 1980 – Hinds Lake Hydro Electric Development came on stream
 * 1981 – Roddickton hydro generating station opened
 * 1983 – Upper Salmon Hydro Electric Development plant opened
 * 1985 – Cat Arm Hydro Electric Development opened making it the second largest hydro project on Newfoundland.
 * 1985 – Cyril Abery replaced Vic Young as chairman and CEO
 * 1989 – Paradise River Hydro Electric Development became operational
 * 1989 – Hydro Place became the official headquarters for the Hydro Group of Companies
 * 1991 – Cyril Abery resigned as chairman and CEO. He was replaced by David Mercer as president and CEO, while James Chalker assumed the duties of chairman of the board.
 * 1995 – William Wells replaced David Mercer as president and CEO of Hydro.
 * 1998 – Two private hydro projects at Star Lake and Rattle Brook were put into service
 * 2003 – New 40 MW Granite Canal Hydro Electric Development officially opened
 * 2019 - Jennifer Williams replaces Jim Hynes as President of Hydro
 * 2021 - On June 23, 2021, Premier Andrew Furey announced Nalcor Energy would be dismantled and folded into Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro.
 * 2023 - In April 2023, Jennifer Williams, CEO of Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro, announced the completion of the final successful test of the 1100km transmission link to Newfoundland as part of the Lower Churchill Project. Originally approved in 2012 with an anticipated price tag of around $7.4 billion, the costs of the project had ballooned to more than $13 billion.

title: Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro


text:
Benjamin Tasker Sr.

Benjamin Tasker Sr. (c. 1690 – June 19, 1768) was the 21st Proprietary Governor of Maryland from 1752 to 1753. He also occupied a number of other significant colonial offices, including, on various occasions, being elected Mayor of Annapolis.

Career
Benjamin Tasker was born around 1690 in Calvert County, Maryland, to Rebecca Isaacs (née Brooke) and Thomas Tasker. Tasker became a naval officer at Annapolis, Maryland, in 1719 and served until 1742. He also served in the municipal and provincial government as: member and president of the Governor's Council, 1722–1768; member of the Lower House of the Maryland Legislature, 1715–1717, 1720–1722; member of the Upper House, 1722–1766, 1768; President of the Upper House, 1734–1766, 1768; Annapolis alderman, 1720, 1754–1766; Mayor of Annapolis, 1721–1722, 1726–1727, 1747–1748, 1750–1753, 1756–1757; President of the Council in 1752; acting governor of Maryland, 1753.

In October 1731, Tasker was one of the founders of the Baltimore Ironworks Company.

In 1740, Governor Samuel Ogle was dispatched to England following England's declaration of war against Spain. He left Tasker with his power of attorney and in addition "the task of supervising the construction of a new house at Belair."

Family
Tasker married Ann Bladen, daughter of William Bladen Attorney-General of Maryland, in on July 31, 1711. They had ten children:
 * William Tasker (1713-1715)
 * Bladen Tasker (1719-1721)
 * Benjamin Tasker Jr. (1720–1760), Mayor of Annapolis and slave trader.
 * Bladen Tasker (1722-1723).
 * Anne Tasker (1728–1817), married the much older Gov. Samuel Ogle (1694–1752).
 * Rebecca Tasker (1724–1797) married Daniel Dulany the Younger in 1749.
 * Elizabeth Tasker (1726–1789) married Christopher Lowndes (1713–1785), merchant of Bladensburg, Maryland and slave trading partner of Benjamin Tasker Jr. in 1747.
 * Bladen Tasker (1730-1731).
 * Frances Ann Tasker (1738–1787), married the wealthy planter Robert Carter (of Nominy, Westmoreland County, Virginia) at the age of sixteen, in 1754.

Death and legacy
Tasker died on June 19, 1768, in Annapolis. He was buried in St. Anne's Churchyard in Annapolis. His tombstone reads:

Legacy
Benjamin Tasker Middle School, in Bowie, Maryland, is named after him.

title: Benjamin Tasker Sr.


text:
Helmut Ringsdorf

Helmut Ringsdorf (30 July 1929 – 20 March 2023) was a German polymer chemist. His work promoted cross-disciplinary discussions and collaborations in the field of polymer chemistry, biology, physics and medicine.

Ringsdorf's major research works deal with the self-assembly of polymers into functional aggregates, where 'the whole is more than the sum of its parts'. He is known for being the first to propose covalently bonding drugs to water-soluble polymers.

Personal life
Ringsdorf was born in Gießen, People's State of Hesse in 1929.

Ringsdorf died on 20 March 2023, at the age of 93.

Education
Ringsdorf took undergraduate studies in Chemistry, Politics and Geology at the universities at Frankfurt, Darmstadt and Freiburg.

In 1956, Ringsdorf wrote his master's thesis under Hermann Staudinger and, in 1958, wrote his doctoral dissertation under Staudinger and Elfriede Husemann. He was Staudinger's last student.

Postgraduate work

 * 1959, Teaching Assistant, University of Freiburg, Germany, Polymer Chemistry.
 * 1960, Research Associate, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, Brooklyn/United States, Polymer Science.

Appointments/Affiliations

 * 1962–1967, Assistant Professor University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
 * 1967–1968, Associate Professor University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
 * 1969–1970, Professor of Polymer Science, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
 * 1971–1994, Professor of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
 * 1973–1975, Dean of Science University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
 * 1988–2003, Adjunct Professor of Poly. Sci., Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
 * 1994–2000, Adjunct Professor of Pharmacy, University of London, London, United Kingdom
 * 1995–2000, Courtauld Visiting Professor, University of California, Los Angeles    United States
 * 2001–2005, Adjunct Professor of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff/Wales, United Kingdom

Honors and awards

 * 1960, Carl Duisberg Fellowship – Duisberg Foundation, Bonn
 * 1969, K. Winnacker Award – Farbwerke Hoechst, Frankfurt
 * 1980, H.F. Mark Award for Polymer Science – Austrian Chemical Society, Vienna
 * 1981, JSPS-Fellowship for Polymer Science – Jap. Soc. for Promotion of Sci., Tokyo
 * 1982, R.T. Major Lectureship – University of Connecticut
 * 1985, H. Staudinger Award for Polym. Sci. – German Chemical Society
 * 1986, Semon Lectureship – University of Kent
 * 1987, Frontiers in Chemistry Lectureship – Case Western Reserve University
 * 1987, Mobay Lectures/P. Debye Lectureship – Cornell University
 * 1988, Chaire Francqui University of Liège
 * 1989, IMS-Distinguished Lectureship – University of Connecticut
 * 1990, CMSE- Distinguished Visiting Scholarship – Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 * 1990, IBM-Research Centre Lectureship IBM, San José
 * 1990, O.K. Rice Lectures – University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
 * 1991, German-Dartmouth Distinguished Professorship – Dartmouth College, Hanover
 * 1992, A. von Humboldt Award  Ministere Français de la Recherche
 * 1992, C.B. Purves Lectures – McGill University
 * 1992, G. Smets Chair in Polymer Science – Universities of Leuven
 * 1992, Melvin Calvin Lectureship – University of California, Berkeley
 * 1993, Chevalier l'ordre des Palmes Acad. – Palmes Acad., Paris
 * 1993, Doctor Honoris Causa – Université Paris, Paris-Sud
 * 1993, Japanese Polymer Award Society of Polymer Science, Tokyo
 * 1993, Miles Lectureship – University of Pittsburgh
 * 1994, ACS-Award in Polymer Chemistry – American Chemical Society
 * 1994, G.M.J. Schmidt Lecture Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
 * 1994, Rothschild Professor – Curie Institute, Paris
 * 1994, Ziegler-Natta Lectureship – Italian Chemical Society
 * 1995, Doctor Honoris Causa – University of Dublin, Trinity College
 * 1995, Pirkey Lecture – University of Texas
 * 1996, A. Cruikshank Lecture Award in Chemical Sciences – Gordon Conferences
 * 1996, Aggarwal Lectures – Cornell University, Ithaca
 * 1996, Centenary Lectureship Award – Royal Society of Chemistry, UK
 * 1996, Distinguished Professorship – Kyoto University
 * 1996, Otto M. Smith Lecture – Oklahoma State University
 * 1996, Pierre Duhem Lectures – University of Bordeaux, France
 * 1996, Rushmer Lecture – University of Washington
 * 1997, E. Gordon Young Memorial Lectureship – The Chemical Institute of Canada
 * 1997, Eminent Scientist of RIKEN, RIKEN (Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Tokyo)
 * 1998, Distinguished Shipley Lecturer – Clarkson University
 * 1999, Doctor Honoris Causa – ETH Zurich
 * 2000, Honored Member of the Liquid Crystal Society – LC-Society; Shinshu University, Japan
 * 2000, Rohm and Haas Polymer Lecturer University of California, Berkeley
 * 2001, Friendship Award of the P.R.China – Beijing, P.R.China
 * 2002, Prize for Technology a. Appl. Science – C.F.-Pastor-Foundation, Aachen/München, Germany
 * 2003, Abbé-Lectureship – University of Jena, Jena, Germany

Memberships

 * 1971–1976, A. von Humboldt Foundation – Member Foundation Committee
 * 1976–1979, German Fonds der Chemie Scientific Committee
 * 1976–1989, DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) Committee for Scientific Exchange
 * 1978–1984, Member of the World Health Organization's Committee on Fertility Regulation
 * 1979, Academy of Sciences and Literature, Mainz – Member
 * 1985–1992, Academy of Science, Berlin/DDR – Foreign Member
 * 1989–1994, Committee Scientifique, Paris – Member
 * 1990–1993, German Fonds der Chemie Scientific Committee
 * 1991, Nordrh.-Westf. Academy of Science – Corresponding Member
 * 1998, Conseil National de La Science, Ministere de l'Education, de la Rescherche et de la Technologie – Member Advisory Board, Paris
 * 1999, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow – Foreign Member

Research interests
Field of Expertise & Research Interests: Polymer Science as a Bridge between Material Science and Life Science.

Molecular Architecture and Functionalization of Polymeric Liquid Crystals: Synthesis, structure and property of liquid crystalline side group and main chain polymers; variation of the type of mesogens (rods, discs, boards) and variation of phases. Dye containing and photoreactive liquid crystalline polymers for reversible information storage and non linear optic materials. Phase induction and phase variation of liquid crystalline systems via Charge-Transfer-interaction and metal complexation. Photoconductive discotic systems.

Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Functional Supramolecular Systems: Polymerizable and functional amphiphiles (detergents, lipids), polymeric monolayers and multilayers via the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and via self-assembly on various surfaces. Liposomes, Black Lipid Membranes, mobile supported bilayers, H-bond induced band structures in water, organization and recognition induced functionality. Multicompartment polymer micelles.

Attempts to Mimic Biomembrane Processes: Synthetic and natural receptors in molecular assemblies; molecular recognition, 2D-crystallization and function of proteins on monolayers and liposomes, e.g. lectins, streptavidin, monoclonal antibodies, phospholipase A2 and acetylcholinesterase, tailoring of bioreactive surfaces; mixed protein multilayers. Protein–DNA-interaction at ligand lipid monolayers.

Polymers as Active Agents in the Medical Field: Polymer Therapeutics, Polymer radiation prophylactics, polymeric antitumour agents on a molecular and a cellular level.

title: Helmut Ringsdorf


text:
The Life of Flavius Josephus

The Life of (Flavius) Josephus (Ἰωσήπου βίος Iosepou bios), also called the "Life of Flavius Josephus", or simply Vita, is an autobiographical text written by Josephus in approximately 94-99 CE – possibly as an appendix to his Antiquities of the Jews (cf. Life 430) – where the author for the most part re-visits the events of the War, apparently in response to allegations made against him by Justus of Tiberias (cf. Life 336).

Editions

 * William Whiston, The whole genuine works of Flavius Josephus, Vol. 3, Blackie, 1859, p. 192f.

title: The Life of Flavius Josephus


text:
User:Esco~enwiki

 Please call my user page in the krauts-wikipedia.

title: User:Esco~enwiki


text:
Talk:Split vote

EP meaning
this article doesn't perhaps cover the term well enough. For example, I'm trying to find out, what does a "split vote" mean in case of the European Parliament voting for or against proposals, and I don't see the answer in this article. Or am I just being too stupid (not an impossible option)? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.235.69.157 (talk) 12:36, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Merge with Spoiler vote?
Over on "spoiler vote", I see two votes pro, two anti, and two suggesting other courses: hardly an overwhelming majority in favour of a merge, but possibly an amusingly apt example of the "spoiler vote" in action.

A "split vote" is generally a very different thing from "vote splitting" (which correctly redirects to "spoiler vote").

It is normally used synonymously with "hung vote", or "evenly split vote". The meaning is "a vote in which no decision can be made". Unlike "spoiler vote" there is no suggestion that the split is caused by a third entity taking votes from an otherwise likely winner.

I feel that it is probable the "spoiler vote" sense of "split vote" is regional slang or political jargon, and do not think a merge is appropriate, as voting is hardly restricted to politics. --DewiMorgan 02:30, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

Merge with vote splitting
There is significant overlap with the topic of the destination article and the content of this article requires the context of a broader topic. Besides, clean up, additional sources and perhaps little rewriting are advisable for this article. --DaniScoreKeeper (talk) 22:19, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

 * There is not significant overlap between these two topics. At least there won't be when the split vote article is improved.  The use of the term 'split vote' seldom refers to vote splitting.  So, I recommend first improving this article, and only then consider the possibility of merging the two articles.  VoteFair (talk) 16:12, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

 * These are two completely separate (opposite, even) subjects that happen to have similar names. Under WP:NOTDICT the suggestion to merge them is a misunderstanding of the encylopedia's organization. The tag should be removed, and replaced by disambiguation/distinguish headers.--Wragge (talk) 07:37, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Split vote


text:
Talk:Vitilgo

By no means an expert I just write from the info I have foudn beause I have vitilgo. Andham2000 12:38, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

title
looks like the title of this article is misspelled, is not it supposed to be Vitiligo ?

title: Talk:Vitilgo


text:
William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke

William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (French: Guillaume le Maréchal) (1190 – 6 April 1231) was a medieval English nobleman and was one of the sureties of Magna Carta. He fought during the First Barons' War and was present at the Battle of Lincoln (1217) alongside his father William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, who led the English troops in that battle. He commissioned the first biography of a medieval knight to be written, called L'Histoire de Guillaume le Mareschal, in honour of his father.

Early life
William was born in Normandy probably during the spring of 1190, the eldest son of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and his wife, Isabel de Clare, suo jure 4th Countess of Pembroke and Striguil. He was a member of the Marshal Family.

His early contract of marriage to Alice de Bethune in 1203 and his connections to Baldwin de Bethune the younger and the Aumale knight, Richard Siward, may indicate that he was at some time fostered with his father's ally, Baldwin, Count of Aumale.

He was taken as hostage by King John after his father in 1205 paid homage to the enemy of England, King Philip II of France, and lived from the ages of 15 to 22 at the court of King John as a guarantor of his father's loyal behaviour. He was released from wardship upon his majority in 1212, and married in 1214. Alice being her father's sole heir enabled him to use her lands and influence to build up his own retinue of knights, which included Fulk fitzWarin, his first cousins, the four Le Gros brothers, and Baldwin de Bethune the younger, bastard brother of his wife.

Barons' War
During the First Barons' War of 1215, William was on the side of the rebels supporting the claim of King Louis VIII of France while his father was fighting for the right of the English king. He was present at the meeting at Stamford in February 1215. In June he was one of the twenty-five executors of Magna Carta, and was consequently excommunicated by Innocent III on 11 December that year. When King Louis captured Worcester Castle in 1216, the younger William was helpfully warned by his father to flee from the castle, which he did just before Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester retook it. In March 1217, he was absolved from excommunication and rejoined the royal cause. At the Battle of Lincoln in 1217 he was fighting alongside his father.

Earl Marshal
He was with his father when he died in 1219, succeeding him as both Earl of Pembroke and as Lord Marshal of England. These two powerful titles, combined with the elder Marshal's legendary status, made William one of the most prominent and powerful nobles in England. He also inherited the family properties in Normandy, but deeded them to his younger brother Richard by a charter dated 20 June 1220.

Wales & Ireland
In 1223, William crossed over from his Irish lands to campaign against Llywelyn the Great, who had attacked his holding of Pembroke. He was successful, but his actions were seen as too independent by the regents of the young King Henry III; on 23 April 1224 William was married to Eleanor, sister of the King, in order to strengthen the Marshal family's connection with the Plantagenets. Hugh de Lacy began attacking Irish lands held by William together with the royal demesnes in that island. William was appointed as Justiciar of Ireland (1224-1226) and managed to subdue de Lacy. In 1225 he founded the Dominican Priory of the Holy Trinity in Kilkenny and began the construction of Carlow and Ferns castles. Due to his support of Aedh Ua Conchobair against Richard de Burgh in their claims to Connacht, he was dismissed as Justicar, surrendering office to the king at Winchester on 22 June 1226. Due to his continued support, he was later that year ordered to surrender to the crown the custody of the royal castles of Cardigan and Carmarthen which he had captured from Llywelyn.

Brittany
William accompanied the king to Brittany in 1230, and assumed control of the forces when the king returned to England. In February 1231 William also returned to England, and arranged the marriage of his sister Isabel, widow of Gilbert de Clare, to Richard, Earl of Cornwall, brother of King Henry III.

Marriages
William married twice, but produced no surviving children:
 * Firstly in September 1214, aged 24, William married Alice de Bethune (d. pre-1215), daughter of his father's ally Baldwin of Bethune.
 * Secondly in 1224 William married Eleanor of England, youngest daughter of King John by Isabella of Angoulême.

Death and burial
William died on 6 April 1231. Matthew Paris recorded that Hubert de Burgh, Justiciar of England, was later accused of poisoning William, but there are no other sources to support this. He was buried on 15 April in the Temple Church in London, next to his father, where his effigy may still be seen.

Legacy
William was responsible for the commissioning of L'Histoire de Guillaume le Mareschal, the first known biography of a medieval knight, in order to record his father's extraordinary career. Based on oral and written testimony, it was completed in 1226.

As William had no surviving children, his titles passed to his younger brother Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke. His lack of male heirs was credited to a curse bestowed upon the family by the Bishop of Ferns, Ailbe Ua Maíl Mhuaidh. All of William's brothers inherited the title successively, but as the Bishop predicted, none had children and the male line of the family died out on the death of Anselm Marshal in 1245.

title: William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Turkish Holocaust Chronological Index

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Votes by new users and/or likely sockpuppets were discounted. Postdlf 23:01, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Turkish Holocaust Chronological Index
Article part of user:Argyrosargyrou ongoing campaign on Wikipedia to attack Turkish people, article POV ridden, has no purpose on Wikipedia. Suggest it be deleted E.A 12:38, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep There was a Holocaust against Armenians, Greeks, Kurds, Time for Turkey to accept responsibility, I was told hundred of stories from people that lost whole families, the racisms came from the Turkish side. Elias
 * possible sockpuppet- User:67.188.241.70 has made two contribs, both on the VfDs relating to the Turkey/Greece/Cyrpus dispute. Feco 16:55, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This is an excellent article that clearly shows how the Greek people of Turkey were systimatically terminated by the Turkish authorities. The Greek genocide was part of the big plan of the Ottoman Turkey to exterminate all of her minorities (look at the Armenian Genocide) ... and that is exactly what they achieved.  Please do not allow them to keep on deniying these HORIFIC facts!
 * Yet another possible sockpuppet. Anon's 212.205.253.21 only contributions have been to Votes for deletion/Hellenic Genocide and this VfD. Sarg 20:36, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This article contains usefull external links to many official documents, concerning genocedes, commited by Turkey. Tabib 07:41, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * possible sockpuppet: Dionis' only actions are votes to keep on Votes for deletion/Hellenic Genocide and Votes for deletion/Turkish Holocaust Chronological Index, a revert to Argyro's version of the Hellenic Genocide and a comment in favour of Argyrosargyrou on Requests_for_comment/Argyrosargyrou (Special:Contributions/Dionis Dionis' contributions). - Snchduer 16:34, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep This article is part of the Hellenic Genocide page and also ties in with pages on the Armenian and Assyrian Genocides. It presents internationaly recognised facts and figures concerning the holocaust perpetuated by the Turks in Asia-Minor and elsewhere. This holocaust is equivalent to the NAZI holocaust and this pages deletion is equivalent to trying to conceal the NAZI holocust and rewrite history. E.A is a well known Turkish Cypriot nationalist and apologist and is responsible for repeated Vandalism of the Cyprus dispute page whenever anyone adds anything that shows Turks in a bad light and reveals the fact and figures about the atrocities it perpetrated.--Argyrosargyrou 14:08, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Article which presents facts should be keeped, votes for deletion with reasons like "there were lots of similar cases in history" or "somebody was insulted in discussions" should not be treated as reason to delete information. Also, VfD should not be used as method to constrain some factually substantiated information. --Gvorl 13:34, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It can never be pleasing to read about such horrible facts, but ignoring or even denying them is even worse. The article must be kept. --Spryom 07:52, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The article may be poor quality, but the persistent VfD requests look like an Assume Bad Faith campaign against Argyrosargyrou. This, along with the other articles he has contributed, should be revised to a higher quality of article. Equally, he should assume good faith in anyone trying to revise these articles. Phlogistomania 14:29, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but I'm not sure in what form. It seems that a long-continued hostility between two ethnicities is worth noting, and a list of dates and pointers to individual events in that hostility is probably useful.  POV as it stands, though, but should be improvable.  Frjwoolley 18:19, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It is POV, it needs a lot of editing but there are some very useful facts. If an article is just stating some facts that someone doesn't like, does not mean it is anti-something. —Geraki 2005-06-13 T 14:09 Z

 * Delete user:Argyrosargyrou has created or manipulated a family of articles bordering on racism towards Turkish people: Hellenic Genocide (up for deletion), Cyprus issue (deleted), Cyprus problem (deleted) Cyprus dispute (currently protected following his ongoing reverts which earned him a 3RR ban) as well as contributing to a host of others which show only contempt for Turkish people, Turkish Holocaust Chronological Index being one of them. And now i am being insulted as being a "well know Turkish Cypriot nationalist" --E.A 14:28, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This is yet another anti-Turkish rant. A lot of peoples may be guilty of similar histories of genocides, or killings of whole populations. This is no reason to include a thing like this in an encyclopedia. Simply racist. - Snchduer 18:35, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Revisionism and racism have no place in Wikipedia, except as articles. This seems to call for a RfA. Sarg 19:06, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for reasons others have stated. --Xcali 21:14, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, there has now been an RfC filed on Argyrosargyrou. RickK 21:34, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this type of biased entries serve hatred propaganda and racism nothing else. -Cansın 23.47, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - information about verified events can be merged into other articles. These events can be addressed in neutral manner - Skysmith 08:26, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - having a chip on one's shoulder is not good for creating NPOV... gren 10:33, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for same reasons as for Hellenic Genocide. --Kiand 21:40, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Articles like this are sprouting left and right. Hopefully the RfC on the primary contributor will address the problem. Feco 04:29, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hopelessly POV. -- ChrisO 07:27, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete pov. Grue 11:04, 3 Jun 2005
 * Delete Reeks partisanship. Imagine seeing this in a printed encyclopædia. Adoniscik 17:10, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:Helmut Ringsdorf

Biography assessment rating comment
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Edofedinburgh 23:51, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Ringsdorf is a highly cited scientist. I don't know the number of research papers (must be more than 400), thus I did not include a number in the biography. His achievements in the field of polymer science justify his being mentionned in Wikipedia.

Rumor has that he has been nominated for the Noble prize in Chemistry (also not citable in Wikipedia, since no public information).

title: Talk:Helmut Ringsdorf


text:
User:Wurzel~enwiki

In a german university I studied physics and information technology. Later, I graduated to a 'Dr. rer.-nat.' in the fields of high frequency (9..95 GHz) and molecular physics.

Currently, I work as a delevopment engineer (RF waves) in Germany.

title: User:Wurzel~enwiki


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Louis-René Levassor de Latouche Tréville

Louis-René Madelaine Le Vassor, comte de La Touche-Tréville (3 June 1745 – 19 August 1804) was a French admiral. He fought in the American War of Independence and became a prominent figure of the French Revolutionary Wars and of the Napoleonic wars.

Born into a noble family of naval officers, Latouche enlisted at the age of 13. He rose to become a competent frigate captain, battling several British ships during the American War of Independence. His two-frigate squadron once manoeuvred a 74-gun ship of the line to the point of sinking, and he was entrusted with important personalities of the time as passengers, notably Louis XVI and the Marquis de Lafayette.

During the Revolution, Latouche, a Freemason and aide to Phillipe Égalité, took progressive positions as a deputy in the Estates General and later in the National Constituent Assembly. His noble status nevertheless made him a target during the Reign of Terror, and he was imprisoned and only freed from prison by the Thermidorian Reaction.

Returned to the Navy after a long period of unemployment, Latouche took command of the Flottille de Boulogne, where he repelled the Raids on Boulogne organised by Nelson. He then served in the Saint-Domingue expedition, which irrevocably compromised his health. After his return, he took command of the fleet in Toulon, reorganising it into a potent tool again, but he succumbed to a relapse of illness before he had a chance to use it. Under his successor Villeneuve, the fleet he had refurbished was crushed at the Battle of Trafalgar.

Career
Latouche was born in Rochefort-sur-mer, Charente-Maritime. His father, Louis-Charles Le Vassor de La Touche, had been the governor of Martinique, until the Invasion of 1762, and chief of the naval forces of Rochefort. His uncle, Charles-Auguste Levassor de La Touche-Tréville, served as a rear-admiral, commanding the light squadron of the France-Spanish fleet under Orvilliers in 1780.

Early career
At the age of 13, Latouche joined the Gardes de la Marine, and took part in numerous naval actions during the Seven Years' War. He started sailing on the Hardi, ferrying troops to Canada in 1758, and took part in his first action, in 1759 aboard the 64-gun Dragon, which was under his uncle's command, taking part in the Battle of Quiberon Bay. He also served on the pram Louise and harassed the blockading British squadron Île-d'Aix in October 1760, still under his uncle. In 1762 he served on the 74-gun Intrépide and on Tonnant. In the summer of that year, Latouche was detached to command two gunboats with which he attacked two British ships, one 60-gun and one 74-gun, waging a two-hour battle.

After the Treaty of Paris in 1763, Latouche took part in training campaigns under his uncle Latouche-Tréville and Admiral d'Estaing, serving on the ships Garonne in 1763, and Hardi and Bricole in 1765.

In September 1768, aged 23, he was promoted to ensign. Perhaps under pressure from his family, who hoped for quicker promotions, or because the reform of the Navy forced him to retire, he resigned from the Navy and enlisted in the Army. He became an aide to Governor-General d'Ennery, newly appointed governor of Martinique, who obtained a commission as a cavalry captain for him. In 1771, he transferred as captain to the Régiment de La Rochefoucauld-Dragons, a dragoon regiment, and became aide-de-camp to Governor General Valière, who commanded at Saint-Domingue.

In 1772, Navy Minister Boynes acceded to repeated requests from Latouche's family, and he was reinstated in the Navy as "capitaine de brûlot". Latouche was appointed to command the fluyt Courtier. In 1774, Latouche put forward a proposition to the Ministry Navy for an exploratory expedition to circumnavigate Australia to see whether New Holland and New South Wales were separated by a channel; the plan was rejected, as the Ministry preferred using Île de France as the forward base for such an operation. Latouche corresponded with Captain Cook on exploration plans in 1775 and 1776.

Service on Hermione and the American War of Independence
In May 1777, he was promoted to lieutenant and was given command of the 20-gun corvette Rossignol, which escorted convoys and ferried messages. He captured two English privateers and three merchantmen. His prizes saw him appointed Knight of the Order of Saint-Louis. He was appointed commander of the 26-gun frigate Hermione.

On 28 May 1779, Hermione spotted a British privateer, which she lured into a trap by feigning fleeing in the night. In order to induce a tiring chase, Latouche let his ship's beacon be glimpsed intermittently, before doubling back to attack his opponent in the morning. The privateer was the 18-gun Diffidence, of Falmouth. The next day, another 18-gun privateer attacked and Latouche captured her too, using the same ruse. Latouche then returned to Rochefort with his two prizes and numerous prisoners.

From 21 March to 28 April 1780, Latouche carried General Lafayette as a passenger on a transatlantic voyage from France to Boston. Then, joining the fleet under Rear-Admiral Destouches, and under orders from Barras and Ternay, he directed the building of several artillery batteries for the defence of Rhode Island.

After he had completed the batteries, Latouche was allowed to cruise off Long Island and intercept shipping to New York City. He quickly captured two prizes, before spotting four sails on 7 June 1780: these were the frigate Iris and three lesser warships. In the ensuing Action of 7 June 1780, Latouche was himself shot in the arm by a musket ball, and Hermione suffered ten deaths and 37 wounded. His opponent, Captain James Hawker, later accused him of fleeing the scene, to which Latouche replied "In my poor state, I could not pursue you. Why then did you not continue the fight?"

On 16 March, Latouche-Tréville participated in the Battle of Cape Henry, which took place at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. This action has led to a commonly repeated, but erroneous, report that Latouche-Tréville engaged in a "battle against the Chesapeake (March 1781)".

On 13 April 1781, Latouche's father, Louis-Charles Le Vassor de La Touche, died in Paris. Latouche inherited his title, and thereafter was styled "Comte de Latouche".

He then continued cruising off the coast of North America as part of a squadron under the command of Admiral Lapérouse, whose flagship was Astrée.

On 21 July, the two frigates encountered a British convoy off the coast of Nova Scotia. In the resulting naval battle of Louisbourg, Astrée and Hermione forced HMS Charlestown to strike her colours, but failed to board her, allowing her to flee during the night. They did however capture the 14-gun escort, Jack, and three merchantmen, which they brought to Boston.

Service on Aigle
After returning to France, Latouche was promoted to captain on 20 June 1781. In 1782, he was tasked with ferrying officials, large sums of money and equipment to America, leading a two-frigate squadron comprising Aigle and Gloire, under Captain de Vallongue.

Latouche assumed command of the frigate Aigle which, along with the Gloire, ferried funds and equipment for the fleet of Admiral de Vaudreuil. On 5 September 1782, the squadron encountered the lone 74-gun HMS Hector: in the ensuing two-day battle, the two frigates heavily damaged the Hector, and only failed to captured her when a British squadron appeared on the horizon. Latouche retreated, and Hector foundered a few days later.

Capture
The frigates continued on their journey when, on 12 September, they spotted a British squadron, comprising two ships of the line with a frigate, two corvettes and a brig-sloop. Latouche captured the brig, HMS Racoon (1780). Latouche then tacked into the Delaware River, as HMS Vestal (1779), HMS Bonetta (1779), and the prize Sophie, led by Captain G.K. Elphinston in HMS Warwick (1767), gave chase. Latouche landed his passengers and treasure with launches from the frigates. He then attempted to escape his much stronger opponents by sailing over the banks at the mouth of the Delaware River, but Aigle ran aground; Gloire also touched bottom, but she managed to free herself and reach the channel. Latouche attempted to free Aigle, but with the retreating tide, she became not only more and more firmly beached, but also fell on her side, rendering her battery unserviceable. Seeing his ship lost, Latouche had her the masts chopped off and her hull pierced; he then evacuated her crew; staying behind with only a few men, Latouche fired a few shots from his stern chasers before striking his colours. Despite the measures to disable Aigle, the British were able to recover her and took her into service as HMS Aigle.

Admiral Vaudreuil wrote to the Minister of the Navy Castrie: Mister de la Touche deserves your reprimand; he had on board with him a kept woman with whom he lived; the English, having captured her, have returned her to him as though she was his wife. This is known and cannot but make a bad impression in a country with good morals.

Latouche was taken as a prisoner to New York, and transferred from there to England. He remained a prisoner until the Treaty of Paris in 1783.

Service in France during the Revolution
Upon Latouche's return in France, he was appointed to direct Rochefort harbour. He was also tasked with drawing a map of Oléron, which was published in the first volume of Hydrographie française. In 1784 he succeeded Bruni d'Entrecasteaux as vice-director of the Harbours and Arsenals, holding the position until 1787, when he became Chancellor to the Duke of Orléans. Meanwhile, he had also served as an inspector for the gunnery school of the Naval Academy, and co-authored the Naval Code for 1786. In July 1786, he sailed a corvette from Honfleur to Le Havre, ferrying king Louis XVI.

His uncle, Charles-Auguste Levassor de La Touche-Tréville, died in 1788 and bequeathed him his name; henceforth, Latouche added "Tréville" to his name, becoming the "comte de Latouche-Tréville".

At the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789, Latouche-Tréville was elected deputy of the Nobility for the bailiwick of Montargis; he went on to sit at the National Constituent Assembly and held this position until it adjourned on 10 October 1791. Latouche took a liberal posture and was among the first nobles to join forces with the Third Estate. In September 1791, after king Louis XVI approved the new constitution, the National Constituent Assembly disbanded, and Latouche-Tréville resumed his naval activities.

Latouche had held the rank of rear-admiral since 20 December 1790 reform of the navy. In this capacity, in 1792 he took command of a four-ship squadron in Brest. He sailed from Brest to Toulon, on his flagship the Languedoc, to attach his division to the Mediterranean squadron under Rear-admiral Truguet. He took part in raids against Oneglia, Cagliari and Nice during the Army of Italy, and joined in the attack on Sardinia in October 1792 (which turned out to be a failure when the expeditionary corps was repulsed). Latouche-Tréville and Truguet then returned to Toulon.

Latouche-Tréville was promoted to rear-admiral on 1 January 1793. He was then sent on a mission to Napoli, after that kingdom's ambassador to Constantinople had precipitated a diplomatic conflict by insulting his French counterpart. Latouche threatened to bombard the city, and obtained apologies from Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies. Latouche then departed, but had to double back to Napoli to repair due to gale-force winds, eventually making his rendezvous with Truguet on 8 February 1793. On 14 February, they landed 6,000 volunteers at Cagliari, who had to reembark under fire and in a gale two days later. The fleet then returned to Toulon once more.

In March 1793, amid the War of the First Coalition, Latouche took command of the "Naval Army of the Ocean" (the Brest fleet), but as soon as he took up his position, revolutionary subordinates denounced him as an aristocrat. On 15 September, at the height of the Reign of Terror, he was arrested as a "suspect" on orders of the Committee of Public Safety, and cashiered on 3 October. He spent one year in La Force Prison, and was freed only on 20 September 1794, after the Thermidorian Reaction.

Freed, Latouche returned to Montargis, where he was appointed chief of the Legion of the National Guard for the district. A Freemason, he rose to Vénérable in the Lodge Les Disciples d’Heredom et de la Madeleine Réunis, of Montargis. Latouche was rehabilitated under the Directoire and had his rank reinstated in December 1795, but nonetheless was left for five years without a command in the Navy. From 1797 to 1798, he managed equipment for the Navy with a ship-owner friend, and by 1799 he had grown so desperate that he advertised in Le Moniteur Universel for privateer captainships. It was not until 1799 that he returned to active duty.

Service at the Flottille de Boulogne
In 1799, Latouche was appointed to lead a naval division in Brest, with his mark on the 74-gun Mont Blanc. Soon after, he was appointed to command the full Brest fleet, and transferred his flag onto the 110-gun Terrible. Latouche-Tréville defended the harbour until the government decided to disband the naval Army of Brest; Latouche-Tréville then sailed four of its ships to Rochefort.

Soon after, advised by Navy minister Forfait, First Consul Bonaparte chose Latouche-Tréville to organise and lead the Flottille de Boulogne. This vast fleet of small ships was ostensibly designed to ferry an invasion army to England, but was in fact a disinformation ploy to pressure the British into negotiating the Treaty of Amiens. The ploy helped to disguise the true goal of the French military, which was massing armies in Boulogne for an invasion of Austria. Soon after his arrival, on 4 August and 15 August 1801, Latouche-Tréville repelled the several British raids that Admiral Nelson launched to destroy the Flottille.

Service at Saint-Domingue
During the Peace of Amiens, Latouche-Tréville was appointed to command the naval squadron of Rochefort, comprising six ships of the line, six frigates and two corvettes, in the fleet of Admiral Villaret de Joyeuse, ferrying 3,000 men of the Army of Rhine for the Saint-Domingue expedition. Latouche fought his way into the harbour of Port-au-Prince, captured its forts and landed the troops. He and General Boudet captured Port-au-Prince and Léogâne. Latouche-Tréville managed to obtain the peaceful surrender of General Laplume, while, in the south, General Leclerc forced Toussaint L'Ouverture and Christophe to submit to French authority.

With Villaret de Joyeuse's departure in April 1802, Latouche-Tréville stayed in Saint-Domingue with four ships of the line, nine frigates and five corvettes. After the restoration of slavery on 20 May 1802, a new rebellion broke out, which overwhelmed the yellow-fever-stricken army of General Leclerc. Latouche-Tréville defended the harbours in the south, appointing Willaumez to the western naval station of Saint-Domingue. The situation grew even more desperate after the British started the War of the Third Coalition in May 1803: Willaumez had to return to France to repair his frigate, damaged in the action of 28 June 1803, and the British effected a Blockade of Saint-Domingue that ended with the complete destruction of Rochambeau's army. In October 1803, Latouche-Tréville obtained free passage from the British due to his poor health, and returned to France.

Service as commander of the fleet of Toulon
Latouche-Tréville was made a vice-admiral in December 1803. Returned to France, he was appointed general inspector of the coasts of the Mediterranean, before taking command of the fleet of Toulon, with his flag on the brand-new 80-gun Bucentaure. At the time, the squadron counted only seven ships of the line and four frigates, and discipline was much weakened; in particular, Navy officers slept aboard their ships only when forced to do so by their duty. Latouche-Tréville made a point to live on his ship, and morale quickly improved under his example and leadership.

Latouche-Tréville decided to have one ship or frigate patrol for three days outside the harbour, in rotation, while another would always be ready to put to sail at the first signal. Furthermore, the entire squadron regularly scrambled to support the cruisers whenever superior British forces ventured into Toulon harbour, preventing the British from conducting useful reconnaissance of French activities in the area. Over the time, the squadron received three more ships of the line and three more frigates as reinforcements.

In late June 1804, Latouche-Tréville suffered a relapse of a medical condition contracted at Saint-Domingue. However, he constantly refused to transfer ashore, stating "An admiral is only too glad when he can die under the flag of his ship." Indeed, after a 10-day struggle, on 19 August, Latouche-Tréville died aboard Bucentaure. Lord Nelson later wrote: The French papers say he died of walking so often up to the signal-post to watch us: I always pronounced that would be his death.

Legacy
Latouche-Tréville was buried in Toulon graveyard. In 1810, a seven-metre-high pyramidal mausoleum was built at the Sémaphore de la Croix des Signaux, at Cape Cépet, from where Latouche-Tréville had observed the British in his last year. On 14 October 1902, military authorities decided to move the mausoleum to the military graveyard of Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer; the body was transferred on 29 April 1903.

French authors and historians often compared Latouche-Tréville to Nelson, partly because he fought and defeated him in the Raids on Boulogne, partly because, had it not been for his untimely death, he would have opposed Nelson at Trafalgar.

The name Latouche was inscribed on the north face of the Arc de Triomphe in his honour.

Three ships of the French Navy have been named Latouche-Tréville in his honour: the steam aviso Latouche-Tréville in 1860; the armoured cruiser Latouche-Tréville in 1892; and the F70-type destroyer Latouche-Tréville, presently in commission.


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User talk:Silversmith/The Fabdabulous Wikipedians page

 '''This page is a negativity free zone. Any nastiness will be removed hastily!''' I've noticed a lot of negativity and general bad feelings on Wikipedia, so I've decided to add a touch of niceness. Please respect the purpose of this page, and try to make the most of it! This page has nothing to do with vanity or popularity. It is to acknowledge the great work the editors here do, and to recognise acts of kindness and fun.

Great idea. Filiocht | Blarneyman 07:44, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree it's a great idea, we are all so quick to point out each others shortcomings (proviso:where needed!), it's refreshing to say something nice about each other. Giano | talk 19:21, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)