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2005–06 FA Premier League

The 2005–06 FA Premier League (known as the FA Barclays Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the 14th season of the Premier League. It began on 13 August 2005, and concluded on 7 May 2006. The season saw Chelsea retain their title after defeating Manchester United 3–0 at Stamford Bridge towards the end of April. On the same day, West Bromwich Albion and Birmingham City were relegated, joining Sunderland in the Championship for the following season. Chelsea drew the record they set the previous season, with 29 wins in home and away campaigns.

Season summary
Several clubs reported disappointing attendances and/or trouble selling out their grounds for the opening weeks' matches. Many have argued that this was due mainly to the comparatively early season start and the Ashes Test cricket series which caught the nation's imagination and which England went on to win. Other possible reasons are continued escalation of ticket prices and the increasing number of games shown on television (which has had the knock on effect of greater variation in kick-off times). The overall decline in attendances for the season was only around 2%, but that figure is reduced by the fact that bigger clubs were promoted into the Premiership than were relegated and several clubs have suffered larger falls.

For the second time in two seasons, José Mourinho's Chelsea triumphed in the Premier League, with a home win over closest rivals Manchester United confirming them as champions after a record setting albeit tense season.

Chelsea's early season form with 14 wins out of 16 gave the champions an unequivocal head start. With Manchester United, Arsenal and Liverpool falling way short of their expectations before Christmas, Chelsea had effectively become champions-elect by early 2006. However, a sudden collapse in form by mid-March caused their seemingly unassailable lead of 16 points to be cut to just 7 in two months due to the impressive late run of form of Manchester United, who went on a nine-match winning streak scoring over 20 goals. However, a shock home draw with bottom of the table Sunderland at Old Trafford killed United's title hopes. The momentum was back with Chelsea who didn't need a second bite at the apple with wins over Bolton, Everton and finally Manchester United giving the west Londoners their second successive championship under Mourinho.

The top two clubs at the end of the season earned the right to participate in the UEFA Champions League group stages, while the third- and fourth-placed clubs get places in the Champions League Third Qualifying Round (where they progress to the Champions League group stages if they win or the UEFA Cup if they lose). However, if an English team wins the Champions League, but finishes outside the top four, then they get the final Champions League spot instead of the fourth-placed club, who have to settle for a place in the UEFA Cup. This could have been the case with Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur, but Arsenal pipped Spurs to fourth place in the final matchday of the season before losing 2–1 to FC Barcelona in the final of the UEFA Champions League.

The fifth-placed club always earns a spot in the UEFA Cup. The winners of the FA Cup also earn a place in the UEFA Cup. If they have already qualified for European competition by their league position or winning the League Cup, then the FA Cup runners-up get their place. If the runners-up, too, have already qualified, then the highest league finisher who have not already qualified for Europe (normally sixth place) are given the place. This season, the FA Cup final featured Liverpool and West Ham. Since Liverpool finished third they were assured of a spot in the Champions League qualifying round, which in turn meant that West Ham received the cup winner's UEFA Cup place.

The League Cup winners also qualify for the UEFA Cup. If they have already qualified for European competition through other means then their place is, unlike the FA Cup, not awarded to the runner-up, but instead the highest league finisher who has not qualified for Europe. League Cup winners Manchester United finished second, placing them directly into the Champions League group stage. This meant that the sixth-placed club, Blackburn Rovers, qualified for the UEFA Cup. The team directly after the UEFA Cup places, goes into the UEFA Intertoto Cup which means in turn, if the team – Newcastle United this season – wins a 2-legged match means they earn a place in the qualifying round of the UEFA Cup.

2005-06 also saw the final action of two of the most successful players in English football, Alan Shearer (last played for Newcastle United) and Dennis Bergkamp (last played for Arsenal).

Teams
Twenty teams competed in the league – the top seventeen teams from the previous season and the three teams promoted from the Championship. The promoted teams were Sunderland, Wigan Athletic and West Ham United. Sunderland and West Ham United returned to the top flight after absences of two years, while Wigan Athletic played in the top flight for the first time in history. They replaced Crystal Palace, Norwich City (both teams relegated to the Championship after a season's presence) and Southampton (ending their top flight spell of twenty-seven years).

PFA Players' Player of the Year
The PFA Players' Player of the Year award for 2006 was won by Steven Gerrard.

The shortlist for the PFA Players' Player of the Year award was as follows:
 * Thierry Henry (Arsenal)
 * Wayne Rooney (Manchester United)
 * Steven Gerrard (Liverpool)
 * Joe Cole (Chelsea)
 * Frank Lampard (Chelsea)
 * John Terry (Chelsea)

PFA Young Player of the Year
The PFA Young Player of the Year award was won by Wayne Rooney.

The shortlist for the award was as follows:
 * Darren Bent (Charlton Athletic)
 * Cesc Fàbregas (Arsenal)
 * Anton Ferdinand (West Ham United)
 * Wayne Rooney (Manchester United)
 * Aaron Lennon (Tottenham Hotspur)
 * Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United)

PFA Team of the Year
Goalkeeper: Shay Given (Newcastle United)

Defence: Pascal Chimbonda (Wigan Athletic), Jamie Carragher (Liverpool), John Terry, William Gallas (both Chelsea)

Midfield: Steven Gerrard (Liverpool), Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United), Frank Lampard (Chelsea), Joe Cole (Chelsea)

Attack: Thierry Henry (Arsenal), Wayne Rooney (Manchester United)

PFA Fans' Player of the Year
Wayne Rooney, was named the PFA Fans' Player of the Year for 2006.

FWA Footballer of the Year
The FWA Footballer of the Year award for 2006 was won by Thierry Henry for a record third time. No other player has won the accolade on as many occasions as the Arsenal player in the award's long history.

Premier League Player of the Season
Arsenal's Thierry Henry won the Premier League Player of the Season award for the second time.

Premier League Manager of the Season
José Mourinho was awarded the Premier League Manager of the Season award after he led Chelsea to their second premier league title in two years, their third league title in their history. This title was also his second time of winning the award in as many seasons.

Premier League Golden Boot
Thierry Henry was named the winner of the Premier League Golden Boot award. The Arsenal striker scored 27 goals in the league and was presented with the award at Arsenal's last game at Highbury.

Premier League Golden Glove
Liverpool goalkeeper Pepe Reina won the Premier League Golden Glove award for the first time. He achieved clean sheets in 20 Premier League games.

Premier League Fair Play League
The Premier League Fair Play League was won by Charlton Athletic, ahead of fellow London team Arsenal. The least sporting side was Blackburn Rovers.

title: 2005–06 FA Premier League


text:
Water bottle

A water bottle is a container that is used to hold liquids, mainly water, for the purpose of transporting a drink while travelling or while otherwise away from a supply of potable water.

Water bottles are usually made of plastic, glass, metal, or some combination of those substances. In the past, water bottles were sometimes made of wood, bark, or animal skins such as leather, hide and sheepskin.

Water bottles can be either disposable or reusable. Disposable water bottles are often sold filled with potable water, while reusable bottles are often sold empty. Reusable water bottles help cut down on consumer plastic waste and carbon emissions.. A reusable water bottle designed for outdoor activities is also called a canteen.

Single-use plastic
Sales of single-use, pre-filled plastic water bottles have increased almost every year for more than a decade. In 2011, greater than US$11 billion was spent on bottled water products in the United States alone. The International Bottled Water Association (IBWA) states that people are increasingly relying on water bottles for convenience and portability.

In some countries with low-quality tap water, citizens also use bottled water (including in family-size containers kept in the home) for health reasons. For example, as of 2010, Mexico had an average 8 percent increase per year in bottled water purchases and consumed approximately 13 percent of the world's total of bottled water. Mexican citizens drink more bottled water than people of any other country, at an average of 61.8 gallons per person each year – more than twice the rate of US per capita consumption. The increase in the use of single-use personal plastic water bottles has contributed markedly to the country's litter problem, though the increase in the popularity of bottled water has come with a decrease in the growth rate of consumption of soft drinks (which pose health risks in excessive quantities, as well as the same littering problem).

Reusable plastic
Multi-use water bottles can be made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), copolyester, or polypropylene. They all offer the advantage of being durable, lightweight, dishwasher-safe, and BPA-free. The main difference between each type of water bottle is the flexibility of the material. Copolyester and polypropylene offer the greatest rigidity; HDPE retains some flexibility; LDPE (most commonly associated with collapsible, squeeze bottles) is highly flexible.

Metal

Metal water bottles are growing in popularity. Made primarily from stainless steel or aluminium (aluminum), they are durable and retain less odor and taste from previous contents than most plastic bottles. But these can sometimes impart a metallic taste. Metal bottles thus often contain a resin or epoxy liner to protect contents from taste and odor transfer or corrosion. Although most liners are now BPA-free, older and less expensive models can contain BPA. Glass liners may also be used.

It is not recommended to fill aluminium bottles with acidic liquids (e.g. orange juice), as this could cause aluminium to leach into the contents of the bottle. Depending on the type of source material and manufacturing process behind a stainless steel bottle, trace amounts of minerals can leach into contents from this type of bottle as well. Stainless steel bottles that do not contain a liner have been known to transfer a rusty taste and odor to contents. Bottles made with food-grade stainless steel (grade 304, also known as 18/8) do not transfer taste or odor.

Metal (especially steel) water bottles can be heavier than their plastic counterparts. Single-walled metal bottles readily transfer temperature of contents to external surfaces, which makes them unsuitable for use with unusually hot or cold liquids. Double-walled metal bottles are insulated to keep cold liquids cold and hot liquids hot, without the external surface being too hot or too cold. Because double-walled bottles have more metal in them, they are more expensive. They are typically vacuum-insulated, but some may have a solid or gel insulation between the metal walls.

Glass
Glass flasks have been used since ancient times, though were not common until the Early Modern period when consistent, bulk manufacturing of glass products became easier. Because they are completely recyclable, BPA-free, and do not retain and transfer taste or odor, glass water bottles are becoming a popular choice for many consumers who are concerned about their health.

Glass bottles are heavier than plastic, stainless steel, or aluminium, and are easier to damage or completely break. Like metal, they also have a high level of temperature transfer, so they are not ideal for very hot or cold liquids. Some types of vacuum-insulated flasks use an inner layer of glass (which is easy to clean), and an outer layer of metal or plastic which helps shield the glass from breakage. Such bottles may still break if dropped, and thus some brands are triple-layer, with the glass inside two layers of plastic; this is a common configuration for large flasks intended for coffee or other liquids that need to be insulated.

Filtering

This type of bottle is often BPA-Free and more commonly uses carbon (activated charcoal) filtration. UV light can also be used to purify water. UV filtration bottles are popular and convenient for those who are travelling to areas where water quality may be harmful, or where bottled water is not readily available. UV is effective against all water-borne pathogens.

Carbon filtration bottles will eliminate some organic chemicals and improve the taste and odor of water. Carbon filtration will not eliminate pathogens, metals or nitrates from water.

Wirelessly connected
Connected devices collect data related to a person's water intake. The data is transmitted to a smartphone, which enables tracking of an individual's water intake and alerts the user when they are not properly hydrated. These devices are a result of technology advancements that fall in the broader category of the Internet of Things. Devices that monitor and collect data related to one's personal health are also part of the quantified self movement. While several concepts have been introduced, none are currently available commercially.

Hydration reservoirs
Hydration reservoirs, also known as hydration bladders, are large-volume, flexible bags typically carried in a backpack system. Users access water via a sipping tube. This system allows the user to remain engaged in activity without having to stop and unscrew a water bottle. Such reservoirs also permit the carrying of a larger water supply (thus a longer hike), as they have both more capacity and better integration into the carrying equipment than an external water bottle or canteen attached to the pack or belt.

Popularity
Due to growing concern over the environmental impact and cost of disposable plastic water bottles, more people are choosing to fill multi-use water bottles. However, the popularity and availability of disposable plastic water bottles continues to rise. In 2007, Americans consumed 50 billion single-serve bottles of water. Since 2001, the sale of single-serve bottled water has fluctuated by 70 percent, and this trend is continuing.

In 2016, a trend among Americans called "water bottle flipping" attracted media attention.

Health
Chemicals used for making some types of bottles have been shown to be detrimental to the health of humans. Inhalation of chemicals used in the manufacture of plastics is a hazard for the factory workers who handle the material. In many developing countries, plastic waste is burned rather than recycled or deposited in landfills. Rural residents of developing countries who burn plastic as a disposal method are not protected from the chemical inhalation hazards associated with this practice. It is important to dispose of water that has been stored in PET bottles that have been exposed to high temperatures for a prolonged period of time or are beyond the expiration date because harmful chemicals may leach from the plastic.

In 2008, researchers from Arizona State University found that storing plastic bottles in temperatures at or above 60 °C can cause antimony to enter the water contained in the bottles. Therefore, frequently drinking from bottles stored in places such as cars during the summer months may have negative health effects.

Bottle manufacturing relies on petroleum and natural resources. Some creating processes release toxic chemicals into the air and water supply that can immensely affect nervous systems, blood cells, kidneys, immune systems, and can cause cancer and birth defects. Most disposable water bottles are made from petroleum found polyethylene terephthalate (PET). While PET is considered less toxic than many other types of plastic, the Berkeley Ecology Center found that manufacturing PET makes toxic emissions in the form of nickel, ethylbenzene, ethylene oxide and benzene at levels 100 times higher than those created to make the same amount of glass.

Environment

Water bottles made of glass, aluminium and steel are the most readily recyclable. HDPE and LDPE bottles can be recycled as well.

Because the manufacturing and transportation of disposable water bottles requires petroleum, a non-renewable resource, the single-serve bottled water industry has come under pressure from concerned consumers. The Pacific Institute calculates that it required about 17 million barrels of oil to make the disposable plastic bottles for single-serve water that Americans consumed in 2006. To sustain the consumptive use of products relying on plastic components and level of manufactured demand for plastic water bottles, the end result is shortages of fossil fuels. Furthermore, it means not only a shortage of the raw materials to make plastics, but also a shortage of the energy required to fuel their production.

Single-serve bottled water industry has responded to consumer concern about the environmental impact of disposable water bottles by significantly reducing the amount of plastic used in bottles. The reduced plastic content also results in a lower weight product that uses less energy to transport. Other bottle manufacturing companies are experimenting with alternative materials such as corn starch to make new bottles that are more readily biodegradable.

The lowest impact water bottles are those made of glass or metal. They are not made from petroleum and are easily recyclable. By choosing to continuously fill any multi-use water bottle, the consumer keeps disposable bottles out of the waste stream and minimizes environmental impact.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Water bottle


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wildstyle (Vice City soundtrack)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge. Ingoolemo  talk  04:53, 2005 Jun 20 (UTC)

Wildstyle (Vice City soundtrack)
Gamecruft. The radio station on Grand Theft Auto. —Wahoofive (talk) 04:17, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * merge to the video game parent unless it is intended to break out some large amount of text from that article. SchmuckyTheCat 04:32, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Grand Theft Auto: Vice City soundtrack. There are tons of these (some for GTA3). Emotion 98.3, Fever 105 (Radio), Flash FM, Head Radio, K-Jah, KCHAT, Radio Espantoso, Rise FM, V-Rock, VCPR, Wave 103. They're virtually all stubs too. K1Bond007 05:52, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable cruft. JamesBurns 06:38, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Grand Theft Auto: Vice City soundtrack. -- Lochaber 08:58, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge or delete trivial nonsense. — Chameleon 19:32, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge or expand, i could add tracks, and etc, but maybe these should all be one page?? -mysekurity 20:37, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge indeed into one page. carmeld1 04:20, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Grand Theft Auto: Vice City soundtrack, as has been done with V-Rock. SwissCelt 23:14, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Fred Newman (actor)

Frederick R. Newman (born May 6, 1952) is an American actor, comedian, composer, sound effects artist both in person and for film, and former talk show host. Newman is known for his ability to make ‘mouthsounds’ and is not a traditional Foley artist.

Career
Newman's first job in New York City was at Newsweek. After doing comedy, Newman soon capitalized on his unique vocalizations, and Peter Workman (Workman Publishing) signed Fred to write the best-selling book MouthSounds (first published in 1980 with a vinyl record insert, and updated with a CD in 2004). Newman was an actor and sound-effects artist on Garrison Keillor's live radio variety show A Prairie Home Companion. In an audience favorite feature of the program, Keillor tells an apparently impromptu story that is funny because it requires Newman to strain to supply rapid-fire sound effects for unusual occurrences and obscure animals.

Newman was featured in an interview with Jane Pauley on CBS Sunday Morning and the segment was nominated for an Emmy.

He has also done character voices and sound effects in numerous film, television and video game credits, including Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Doug (as Skeeter Valentine, Porkchop, Mr. Dink, Stinky, and other characters), Grand Theft Auto 2, Harry and the Hendersons, Gremlins, Munchies, Storybook World, Elmo's World as a special guest on the episode "Mouths" (2007), Wolf and Men in Black.

Newman hosted Livewire, a children's talk show on Nickelodeon in the early 1980s. Livewire was known for giving bands their first television appearance, including R.E.M. and Split Enz. He was also a host for Nickelodeon's Halloween TV special game, Nick or Treat!

Newman worked with Jim Henson and the Muppets in the 1980s, first as a contributor to Muppet Magazine, then as the writer of the Muppet Show On Tour live show. In 1987, Newman played the lead role in Henson's CBS sitcom pilot Puppetman. Newman also appeared in a 1988 Henson direct-to-video special called Neat Stuff to Know & to Do.

Prior to the 2000 Presidential Election, Newman was cast as the voice of Garry Trudeau's comic strip character Duke who ran for president. He provided both voice and motion capture for Duke 2000, a series of online animated shorts, and can still be heard in the "Ask Duke" interactive game. He also provided the voice of Trudeau's Jimmy Thudpucker character for a NetAid concert.

As an on-camera performer, he was the co-host (1989–1993) of The All New Mickey Mouse Club (1989–1994) (with Mowava Pryor or Terri Eoff Misner as the other co-host) that launched the careers of Britney Spears, Keri Russell, Justin Timberlake, Christina Aguilera, JC Chasez and Ryan Gosling among others. Newman can be seen on the PBS reading series Between the Lions, for which he also writes and provides animated voices, and as the conductor on PBS' Lomax, the Hound of Music. Newman won two writing Emmys for Between the Lions. As a musician, he has composed music for the animated series Doug, PB&J Otter and Stanley and wrote songs for Doug's 1st Movie. In 2015, he made a guest appearance on Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja.

Chrysopylae, a symphony commissioned by the Marin Symphony Orchestra to mark the 75th anniversary of the Golden Gate Bridge, was written by composer Rob Kapilow with Newman, who was also the sound effects designer for the Golden Gate Opus. The world premiere was on May 6, 2012, at the Main Veterans' Memorial Auditorium in Marin County, California.

Personal life
Newman was born in LaGrange, Georgia. He is a 1974 graduate of the University of Georgia, and received an MBA at Harvard Business School in 1978. Fred Newman married Katy Dobbs in 1985, and the couple has two children: Gil John Newman (son) and Lila Claire Newman (daughter). Lila appeared on A Prairie Home Companion (APHC) as an actor and singer at Ravinia in Chicago and at Town Hall in New York City. Lila began contributing sketches and writing to APHC on a weekly basis in November 2013 and received on-air credits for her work. Lila also writes radio dramas for The Truth. Both of Newman's children are pursuing acting careers. Lila starred as Charlotte 'Cee' Biggs, the daughter of John Goodman's character, on Season 2 of Alpha House on Amazon Prime.

Awards
Fred Newman has won four awards:

 * Daytime Emmy Awards, 2009
 * Daytime Emmy Awards, 2008
 * Daytime Emmy Awards, 2004
 * CableACE Awards, 1983

title: Fred Newman (actor)


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Talk:Multiple inheritance

POV
Compare the most recent edit (10:09, 3 January 2007) to the one before it (13:34, 22 December 2006). I actually agree that Multiple Inheritance is very useful and its problems can be overcome, but this is pretty blatant POV. If there are no objections, I'll revert it tomorrow. 152.23.77.52 17:46, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Instancing in .NET
Regarding the second paragraph, I believe the .NET languages (or at least C# and VB) have an Interface rule as well. MSDN has an article on it. I'm not confident enough in my knowledge of programming languages in general and Java in particular to say whether this is really the same thing as what's being discussed in paragraph two, but they look pretty similar to me. Jonathan Lurie of Builder.Com has an article on the subject in which he discusses the two to some extent.

MSDN article: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/vbls7/html/vblrfvbspec4_2_2.asp

Lurie's article: http://builder.com.com/5100-6373-5030734.html

Adding this information to the second paragraph. -- Pangloss

Multiple vs. Single Inheritance
Regarding the paragraph beginning "Multiple inheritance has been a touchy issue for many...": Aside from the problems introduced for the user of multiple inheritance, isn't there also implementation overhead that influences this decision? (Specifically, I think that a typical compiled multiple-inheritance implementation incurs a larger object reference size and additional run-time code for upcasting.) If this overhead actually deters language designers from including multiple inheritance in their language, then it should be mentioned here. I'm not sure enough to make the change myself.

I've had trouble finding any web pages that discuss the implementation of multiple inheritance. Some more external links here would be great. --barryd 05:05, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think the relative implementation costs depend mostly on the general design of language in question, rather than whether it follows multiple or single inheritence. In Python, for example, the difference almost comes down to just the MRO calculation algorithm, and the number of parents in each class's __base(s)__ attribute.  (In either case, the overhead depends mostly on the size/depth of the inheritence hierarchy, if anything, rather than how it was calculated.)

 * I don't think there's anything inherently hard/slow to implement about multiple inheritence; rather, the problem is deciding which kind of multiple inheritence to implement in the first place. --Piet Delport 03:47, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I suppose my focus was initially on compiled (perhaps better expressed as "VMT-based") OO languages. It's clear that implementation considerations differ greatly between compiled and interpreted OO languages (In a compiled VMT-based language, the MRO will be resolved in the generation of the VMT at compile time, and heirarchy size will have no run-time impact.  With such low overheads, a small overhead due to inheritance style can be significant).  That said, all the popular, well-known OO languages do seem to implement multiple inheritance in some form now, suggesting that the benefits are too great to ignore, or the costs insignificant.

 * When I initially read the article, I was hoping it would provide me with information to help answer the question "Why were VMT-based languages Java and C#/.NET designed to use interfaces instead of supporting multiple inheritance in similar fashion to C++?". I thought there must be some reason why an abstract class and multiple inheritance wasn't considered a more suitable way of doing interfaces.  Perhaps I was jumping to conclusions to suggest the reason had to be somewhere under the hood.  --barryd 05:33, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * "It's clear that implementation considerations differ greatly between compiled and interpreted OO languages."
 * Minor nitpick: i think you mean "static" and "dynamic", instead of "compiled" and "interpreted". :)
 * "Why were VMT-based languages Java and C#/.NET designed to use interfaces instead of supporting multiple inheritance in similar fashion to C++?"
 * Most languages that limit themselves to single inheritence probably do so because multiple inheritence is commonly percieved to be complicated and confusing; something which C++ itself is probably mostly responsible for.  It's the most well-known and visible multiple-inheritence-supporting language out there, and yet its support for actually using multiple inheritence is so tragically limited that it becomes all but unusable for cooperative method implementations, mixins, and most other useful applications of multiple inheritence.  If you haven't been exposed to other languages that do multiple inheritance "right", it's easy to think that these are problems with multiple inheritence, instead of with C++.
 * Anyway, for a great (and more complete) overview of the resolution order problem, and a solution, see A Monotonic Superclass Linearization for Dylan.
 * --Piet Delport 12:02, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Of the languages that do multiple inheritance better than C++, are any of them static, compiled languages? Can anyone provide some language names?  --barryd 22:57, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * At least Common Lisp/CLOS, Dylan, and Eiffel (which approaches the multiple inheritence problem somewhat differently, from what i hear). Python is moving in that direction (compiled, optional static typing) as well, with things like PyPy.  --Piet Delport 03:13, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I suggest to add the article a note about MI in Python, it can also be used to supply the article some real MI code.

Comments
I just wanted to note a Recent discussion in the Microsoft C@ language forum ...

http://msdn.microsoft.com/newsgroups/default.aspx?dg=microsoft.public.dotnet.languages.csharp&lang=en&cr=US

... that is relevant to an articulate and definitive definition of Multiple Inheritance.

See Thread : Strategic Functional Migration and Multiple Inheritance

Introduced in this discussion is the importance of separating the following issues relevant to Multiple Inheritance.

[1] Syntax [2] Composition [3] Under the cover (compiler implementation) issues

In dropping these issues (temporarily of course) we were able to focus the discussion of MI to its utility in the structural aggregation of the target functionality.

A key concept introduced in the discussion is Shawnk's (USA) term of 'functional normalization' to qualify Redek Cerny's comment regarding normalizing code functionality via Multiple Inheritance (MI).

Redek Cerny's (Australia) excellent comment on 'functional normalization' is a concise term to articulate the 'realized benefit' of MI relative to providing a structural aggregation mechanism while still retaining the functional normalization of the orignal code base.

Functional normalization may well be the core architectural impetus of Multiple Inheritance (MI).

It appears (jury still out) that C# and .NET do not support a functionally normalized code base BECAUSE there is no support for MI in any .NET language.

The importance of a functionally normalized code base to programming is equal to the importance of a normalized data base in data base systems.

I encourage all contributors to the WikiPedia definition of Multiple Inheritance to review Redek Cerny's contribution to the SFM (Strategic Functional Migration) discussion.

The term 'functional normalization' may be an important qualifier to better articulate the benefits and architectural impetus of Multiple Inheritance.

Shawnk

I suggest that the 'see Also' section should contain a link to the Interfaces WikiPedia page. A link to an 'Implementation Inheritance' page should also be made when that page is created.

Shawnk

There is two Common Lisp solution to diamond inheritance problem written here. Can we get rid one of them. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.10.101.218 (talk) 23:47, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

Multiple subtyping
The text suggests that the problems of multiple inheritance go away by using interfaces (see the last paragraph of the introduction). This is not true: most of the problems are related to multiple subtyping (having multiple paths through the type hierarchy to the same parent) and not multiple inheritance (getting the same code multiple times). I really think that there is a clarification needed. --Schoelle 18:47, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

Debate: Example
The example using Filter circuits and their components is quite poor - while a fair example, those not used to fundamental electronics will not be able to grasp the example. Much better to use something everyone understands, such as bikes and cars, the de facto standard example objects for OOP problems. dimo414 (talk) 06:29, 25 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Agreed, and done. Joe (talk) 14:40, 23 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but the provided example seems a little unclear to me. I'm not sure if it was saying in multiple inheritance the streetMusician inherited from Human, Musician, and Worker, or if it inherited Musician, which inherited from Worker, which inherits human. As well, because Musician inherits from Worker and Human, is it even necessary for StreetMusician to inherit from these if it already inherits Musician? 184.33.23.14 (talk) 05:38, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

Origins
Maybe the article can indicate the earliest language to utilize this feature.72.84.141.136 (talk) 17:37, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

indeed, that'd be great! my bet is on lisp! 79.193.83.44 (talk) 22:21, 23 September 2009 (UTC)

Order of inheritance changes class semantics
Hi there, can we please have a minimal example of this behaviour, if possible in C++? This is the first time I hear this claim and I could not replicate it. Thank you. 118.7.198.171 (talk) 08:25, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

Copyvio problems
This page was flagged as a copyright problem at Wikipedia talk:India Education Program and listed at Copyright problems/2011 November 2. I've now reverted to the last pre IEP revision. Further
 * "The Overview section from "Multiple inheritance allows" to the end of the three line table is an almost word for word copy of section 1.11.6.1 from Object Oriented Modeling And Design By B.S.Ainapure . -84user (talk) 22:30, 3 November 2011 (UTC)"

this seems to be a pre IEP problem dating back to 2007. I've now replace that with an earlier version .--Salix (talk): 09:49, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

 * copied from User talk:Salix alba, move here to keep discussion in one place--Salix (talk): 18:12, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

Hi. I have not done any copyvio on my project page Multiple Inheritance. But I see you have reverted back all my changes. May I know why have you done that? Also the entire material as well as diagrams were made by me. There were some users who said that the definition seem to be possible copyvio. So I changed that. Other than that there was nothing that was copied. So I request you to please bring back my changes. RAJATPASARI (talk) 17:13, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Other uses brought attention to the copyvio issue on Wikipedia talk:India Education Program and indeed two different of copyvios were found, although it does seem that yours do not seem to be copyvios. There are problems with your edits though, the image is poor and blurry, it would be better done in SVG. Further its somewhat confusing as you are using the same arrow type for inheritance and labelling. I've got to rush now but I'll have a closer look to see what can be kept.--Salix (talk): 18:12, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

Python MRO: children don't always precede their parents
In section "Mitigation", item "Python", it is currently stated that "That algorithm [C3] enforces two constraints: children precede their parents". Unless I'm mistaken, this is not correct, see the second example here: http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro/#examples. Since I'm not an expert pythonist, I'd like someone more experienced than me to comment before editing this sentence. Manuel (mpg) (talk) 14:08, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Hum, I now realise I didn't pay attention: "children always precede their parents" does not mean the same as "all parents always precede any grandparent". I remove the "dubious" template and added a sentence which hopefully helps make things clearer. Manuel (mpg) (talk) 19:31, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

Link to german site
Hi. In the Languages Section of this Article, when i click on "Deutsch" (German) it leads to the Diamond Problem (in german Wikipedia, this Problem has it's own Article). But there is an Article about Multiple Inheritance as well here: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehrfachvererbung Could one of you please correct that? I tried to google how to do that, but couldnt find the answer. Thanks in Advance!

Java and Multiple Interfaces
I've create Java classes that worked fine with multiple interfaces in Java 5-7, and seen other code that does this. Clearly this was allowed before Java 8, unless I've slipped into a parallel time line. As the alternative seems ridiculous I must be a simple and absolute fact that Java allowed multiple interfaces (though not true multiple inheritance) before Java 8. --50.149.180.189 (talk) 16:30, 6 July 2014 (UTC)

Scala vs. Java
Is it consistent that Scala is marked as featuring MI while Java, whose object system it uses, after having upgraded to the most possible degree, is marked as not? Scala's traits are not classes but generalization of Java's interfaces (actually, typeclasses built on top of those, heh?). In Scala, a type has only one parent type and mixins are but types with traits. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 31.173.81.65 (talk) 01:11, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

Rust
Somebody who understands the Rust language should add a paragraph to the Mitigation section about how Rust avoids the Diamond problem. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 21:43, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

India Education Program course assignment
This article was the subject of an educational assignment at College Of Engineering Pune supported by Wikipedia Ambassadors through the India Education Program during the 2011 Q3 term. Further details are available on the course page.

The above message was substituted from by PrimeBOT (talk) on 19:58, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Multiple inheritance


text:
Traffic Department 2192

Traffic Department 2192 is a top down multidirectional shooter for IBM PC compatibles, developed by P-Squared Productions and released in 1994 by Safari Software and distributed by Epic MegaGames. The full game contains three episodes (Alpha, Beta, Gamma), each with twenty missions, in which the player pilots a "hoverskid" about a war-torn city to complete certain mission objectives. The game was released as freeware under the Creative Commons License CC BY-ND 3.0 in 2007.

Plot
The player takes on the role of Lieutenant Marta Louise Velasquez, a hot-tempered young pilot working for the Traffic Department in the city of Vulthaven, on the planet Seche, in the year 2192. Since the vile gang known as the Vultures began attempts to take over the planet, the Traffic Department has become the only law-enforcement in the city. As the game's introduction explains, fourteen years earlier, Velasquez saw her father Ric killed by the Vultures while returning from garrison duty.

The story deals with Velasquez's aggressive attitude towards everybody she meets, apparently caused by the painful memory of her father. Intertwined is a complex science fiction story of cloning, mind control, and cybernetics, combined with a tale of betrayal, infiltration, and warfare.

Development
The game was scored by Robert A. Allen. However, John Pallett-Plowright wrote Satair, and his 13-year-old brother, Michael Pallett-Plowright, also known as Owen Pallett, wrote Menu, Vulture, Intro 2, and Death.

The most notable aspect of the series is the detailed and often complex script by Christopher Perkins. The game features lengthy cutscenes before and after each of the sixty missions. Each cutscene spans across multiple scenes, giving the game's storyline a reported length of 50,000 words. The cutscenes are made up of conversations between two or more characters on the screen with static 3D images of locations cut between each scene. The game's dialogue features both profanity and sexually-suggestive language, but there is an option at the start of the game to disable all mature content.

Over the years the series has developed a small dedicated fan base that has produced Lego models of the various "skids" in the series.

title: Traffic Department 2192


text:
Talk:Federalism in China

mainland
I'm reverting mainland out of this: "during the process of Chinese economic reform that mainland China has evolved into a de-facto federal state in which provinces have wide descretion to implement policy goals which are set by the PRC central government and in which provinces and localities"

Obviously Hong Kong and Macau have wide discretion to implement policy seperate from the central government. SchmuckyTheCat 04:22, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok, so I changed it to "…that the People's Republic has evolved into a de-facto federal state…". We don't want to say that "China" has evolved into a specific kind of state, because per our naming conventions "China" does not refer to any particular state, but rather to a geographic/cultural region. --MarkSweep 05:01, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This paragraph talks about the descretion to implement policy goals by the provinces of the mainland. Hong Kong and Macao are not provinces. — Instantnood 07:23, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

Rename
Can I rename this to Federalism in China or Federalism in the Peoples' Republic of China to make consistent with Federalism in Australia? AndrewRT(Talk) 21:49, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Make it Federalism in the People's Republic of China. — Nightst a  llion  (?) 14:57, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

 * No, because many important federalist proposals predate this. Others anticipate a post-PRC future, or seek to incorporate the PRC into a wider federal framework which also includes Taiwan, and perhaps other regions also.

Move suggestion
The article covers not only federalism in the PRC, but also the pre-1949 ROC era. If we split the article, there would be too few to cover both articles. IMO, the article should be moved to Federalism in China with the help of an admin at Requested moves.-- Joshua Say "hi" to me!What have I done? 11:56, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

moved already
I've taken the liberty of merging "Federal Republic of China" and "United States of China" with this article. While they cover somewhat different periods of history, I think the organization is still cogent, because all of these have been proposals, not actual government structures. So what we are describing is a history of federalist proposals.

 * I din't agree with that because Federalism in China is not only a proposal but a reality as we can read it in this book I red but which I didn't quote until now : . A reality "de facto" is a reality: a fact is more important than a Lord-Mayor, I think... José Fontaine (talk) 21:13, 15 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I think we must change the title of this article in renaming it De facto federalism in China there are many things we ought to say about such a topic, which is not - I repeat it - not a proposal but a reality... And also a very important ploitical reality because it is strange China would be an unitarian State... That seems absolutely impossible and that is really impossible because China is actually a federal State...José Fontaine (talk) 21:26, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

Merged?
Is it just me, or are this and the United Republics of China page virtually identical? If so, why not just merge them? Cashie (talk) 00:25, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

Too true, done FOARP (talk) 14:54, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

Requested move 1 August 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Jenks24 (talk) 10:06, 17 August 2015 (UTC)

Federalism in China → Chinese federalism – "Chinese federalism" is more common than "Federalism in China", and "Chinese federalism" is the original title of this article. UU (talk) 10:39, 1 August 2015 (UTC) --Relisted. Alakzi (talk) 23:55, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment the concept of federalism (shared power) is not exactly modern, since the pre-Qin hegemonies operated under such structures. -- 67.70.32.190 (talk) 10:42, 2 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose: the terms 'Federalism in China' and 'Chinse federalism' do not have the same meaning. The former would mean this articles scope was about the concept of federalism as applied (or not applied) in China, this format is used for other pages such as: Federalism in India, Federalism in the United States, and Federalism in Germany. The latter on the other hand would refer to a unique type of federalism which we might think of as 'federalism with Chinese characteristics', I see no particular evidence of this. Furthermore, as I have previously mentioned other articles use the 'Federalism in Country'  format and it would be better to maintain consistency. No evidence has been provided that 'Chinese federalism' is the more common than 'Federalism in China' Ebonelm (talk) 08:51, 3 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose in agreement with the directly above. Pandeist (talk) 16:18, 14 August 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
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New Federal State of China
Apparently, there's a new movement for what's called the New Federal State of China (or 新中國聯邦 in Chinese).

Among other things, its anthem is "Himalaya, The Pinnacle of Freedom" (or 喜馬拉雅 自由之巔). Take the information in any way that you will. --Apisite (talk) 01:07, 30 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Federalism in China


text:
Ally Financial

Ally Financial Inc. (previously known as GMAC) is a bank holding company organized in Delaware and headquartered at Ally Detroit Center in Detroit, Michigan. The company provides financial services including car finance, online banking via a direct bank, corporate lending, vehicle insurance, mortgage loans, and other related financing services such as installment sale and lease agreements.

Ally is one of the largest car finance companies in the U.S., providing car financing and leasing for 4.5 million customers and originating 1.4 million car loans annually. It is on the list of largest banks in the United States by assets and has 2.0 million depositors. The company has sold more than 5 million vehicles, including 336,000 vehicles sold in 2022 via its SmartAuction online marketplace for auto auctions, launched in 2000.

1919-1990
The company was founded in 1919 by General Motors (GM) as the General Motors Acceptance Corporation (GMAC) to provide financing to automotive customers. In 1939, the company founded Motors Insurance Corporation and entered the vehicle insurance market.

In 1985, while GM was under the leadership of Roger Smith, who sought to diversify the company, GMAC formed GMAC Mortgage and acquired Colonial Mortgage as well as the servicing arm of Norwest Mortgage, which included an $11 billion mortgage portfolio.

1991-2009
In 1991, the company was forced to write-off $275 million in bad debt as part of a $436 million loss suffered from fraud committed by John McNamara, who ran a Ponzi scheme.

In 1998, the company formed GMAC Real Estate. In 1999, GMAC Mortgage acquired Ditech. In 2000, the company formed GMAC Bank, a direct bank. In 2005, the company formed GMAC ResCap as a holding company for its mortgage operations.

In 2006, General Motors sold a 51% interest in GMAC to Cerberus Capital Management, a private equity firm. Also that year, GMAC sold a controlling interest of GMAC Commercial Holdings (its real estate division renamed Capmark) to Goldman Sachs, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, and Five Mile Capital Partners. GMAC Real Estate was sold to Brookfield Asset Management. In 2009, Capmark filed for bankruptcy and its North American loan origination and servicing business was acquired by Berkadia, a joint venture of Leucadia National and Berkshire Hathaway.

On December 24, 2008, the Federal Reserve accepted the company's application to become a bank holding company. In January 2009, the company closed Nuvell Financial Services, its subprime lending division.

As a result of losses in GMAC ResCap, the United States Department of the Treasury invested $17.2 billion in the company in 2008–2009. The Treasury sold its last stake in the company in 2014, recovering $19.6 billion from its $17.2 billion investment.

In April 2009 the bank announced plans to move its Charlotte office from Ballantyne to 106525 sqft on four floors of 440 South Church, with possible expansion later. At the time, the bank had 265 Charlotte employees in three business units.

In May 2009, GMAC Bank was rebranded as Ally Bank. In May 2010, GMAC re-branded itself as Ally Financial.

2010-2019
In September 2010, the company sold its resort finance business to Centerbridge Partners. The company was known as GMAC, an acronym for General Motors Acceptance Corporation, until 2010.

In 2012, the company sold its Canadian banking operations to Royal Bank of Canada for $3.8 billion. In April 2014, it became a public company via an initial public offering. In 2015, it moved its headquarters to One Detroit Center, which was subsequently renamed Ally Detroit Center. In June 2016, the company acquired TradeKing, a stockbrokerage, for $275 million, which was re-branded as Ally Invest.

In May 2016, Ally Bank re-entered the mortgage business with the launch of its direct-to-consumer offering called Ally Home. In April 2019, Ally Home partnered with Better.com to launch a digital mortgage platform.

In October 2019, Ally acquired Health Credit Services (HCS), a technology-focused patient financing company based in Charlotte, North Carolina.

2020-present
On May 3, 2021, Ally began occupying 725,000 square feet at Ally Charlotte Center.

In December 2021, Ally acquired Fair Square Financial, a credit card company, for $750 million and rebranded it as Ally Credit Card.

In 2022, the Disability Equality Index (DEI) listed Ally as one of the Best Places to Work for Disability Inclusion.

Sponsorships
The company sponsors the Miami International Auto Show, the Time Dealer of the Year award, and The Ally Challenge.

In 2019, Ally became the primary sponsor for seven-time NASCAR Cup Series champion Jimmie Johnson at Hendrick Motorsports, a sponsorship that runs through 2023. As GMAC, the company previously had primary sponsorships with Hendrick Motorsports from 1998 through 2007 with drivers Jack Sprague, Ricky Hendrick, Brian Vickers and Casey Mears, including Vickers' 2003 NASCAR Busch Series championship victory. Alex Bowman took over the No. 48 Ally Chevrolet in 2021 after Johnson transitioned from NASCAR to the IndyCar Series; before the season began, Ally also acquired the naming rights to the Cup Series' race at Nashville Superspeedway to name it the Ally 400.

Ally is also a sponsor of the National Women's Soccer League, NWSL Players Association and of a team in Major League Soccer, Charlotte FC.

In 2021, Ally continued to sponsor Jimmie Johnson in WeatherTech SportsCar Championship with his No.48 Cadillac DPi-V.R entry in IMSA Michelin Endurance Cup rounds alongside Kamui Kobayashi and Simon Pagenaud. Mike Rockenfeller joined the team for 2021 24 Hours of Daytona.

In 2022, Ally committed to reach equal spending in paid advertising across women's and men's sports programming over the next five years.

In 2022, DC Comics, Milestone Media, and Warner Bros. Discovery partnered with Ally and NASCAR to debut a sponsorship and new paint scheme, based on the DC superhero character Static, for Alex Bowman's No. 48 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 1LE for the Hendrick Motorsports team, in support of DC's The Milestone Initiative program.

In February 2023, Ally became a league-wide sponsor for NASCAR, including becoming the official consumer bank of NASCAR and NASCAR-owned tracks. Ally also became an official sponsor of the North American Rocket League Championship Series, and later announced it would sponsor a women's esports tournament in support of its pledge to split its media spend 50/50 between men's and women's sports.

2013 discrimination settlement
In December 2013, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and United States Department of Justice ordered the company to pay $80 million in consumer monetary damages and $18 million in civil penalties after determining that 235,000 minority borrowers paid higher interest rates for auto loans originated between April 2011 and December 2013 because of the company's discriminatory pricing system. The higher rates resulted from the company's specific policy of allowing dealers to charge, at their discretion, a "dealer markup" above Ally's established "buy rate" and then compensating dealers based on the markup. Ally provided an incentive for dealers to charge higher rates, in violation of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act.

title: Ally Financial


text:
User talk:Jesserichards2002@yahoo.com

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Zzyzx11 (Talk) 04:24, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Jesse Richards
If you are in fact the real Jesse Richards, please be advised that the Wikipedia community in general feels that it is inappropriate for users to write their own autobiographical articles. The main problems have to due with bias and factual accuracy. It is often a good idea to wait until others lay the groundwork before creating or heavily expanding such articles. Please see Autobiography for more information. Thanks. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 04:24, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Autobiography
Thanks for the advice, but that's what I did. Charles Thomson laid the groundwork with my autobiography and I expanded it from my autobiography in a book about Stuckism. The reason for this was to guarantee factual accuracy. I appreciate your concern and thanks!

title: User talk:Jesserichards2002@yahoo.com


text:
Anakes

Anakes were deities worshipped in Attica and Argos. The word is a title which means lords or kings, for they were the sons of Zeus (and were also known as Dioscuri). Some have associated the Anake(s) cult with worship of the goddess Helen. It is also possible that the name refers to three specific gods, but evidence for this is faint.

title: Anakes


text:
Mac.Robertson Girls' High School

The Mac.Robertson Girls' High School (also known simply as Mac.Rob or MGHS) is a government-funded single-sex academically selective secondary day school, located in Albert Park, Victoria, Australia. Entry for Mac.Rob, which is operated by the Victorian Department of Education, is by competitive academic examination. It is unique in its status as a statewide provider for girls in Year Nine to Year Twelve. The equivalent for boys is its brother school, Melbourne High School. Each year, over 3,000 candidates sit the entrance examination for a total of approximately 960 places (across all four schools).

Overview
In 2001, The Sun-Herald ranked the Mac.Robertson Girls' High School sixth in Australia's top ten girls' schools, based on the number of its alumnae mentioned in the Who's Who in Australia. The Mac.Robertson Girls' High School has a long tradition of academic excellence with Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) scores propelling the school to be ranked first in the State of Victoria for seven consecutive years from 2002 to 2008, inclusive. The school was ranked third in 2009, but reclaimed its No. 1 ranking once again in 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2018. Mac.Robertson Girls' High School was ranked second out of all state secondary schools in Victoria based on VCE results in 2018.

History
The Mac.Robertson Girls' High School began as Melbourne Continuation School, the first government funded secondary school in the state of Victoria, established in 1905 in Spring Street, Melbourne. In 1912, it was renamed Melbourne High School. Originally a co-educational school, the school was segregated by sexes in 1927, with the boys moving to Melbourne Boys' High School in Forrest Hill, South Yarra after the school building was condemned.

Girls continued to be educated in the condemned building, renamed as Melbourne Girls' High School, under the leadership of the existing headmistress Christina Montgomery (she had led the girls since 1923). In 1930 the school was housed in the then-vacant Government House until 1933, when they moved to State School No. 1689 in King Street. Sybil Llewelyn was appointed as head in 1933 but she soon resigned due to illness, In 1934, with the help of a donation from Macpherson Robertson, a new building was constructed the north-east corner of Albert Park Reserve. The school opened as the Mac.Robertson Girls' High School on 7 November 1934. The new head in 1934 was Mary Hutton. The school was used as United States Army Headquarters in 1942 and later by the Royal Australian Air Force. The students took their classes at Brighton Road State School, Camberwell East Girls' School, and University High School during this period. Hutton reassembled the school in 1943 and despite the military take-over the school's reputation increased.

Hutton was the head until 1948. She was always assessed as a high performer but she was paid less than her male peers even after she was finally recognised as a Principal in 1945. She led the school until 1948. When Ruby Gainfort, who had been vice-Principal, took over in 1949, there were 700 students in the school. For the next six years, Hutton was still employed as a part-time teacher. Gainfort encouraged a more relaxed atmosphere and it was said the knew each of the pupils by name. She retired in 1955 having modernised the curriculum and increased pupil's participation in learning.

The building gained a national trust classification in 1987. It was previously gazetted as an Historic Building in 1982. The school celebrated its centenary year in 2005 with Melbourne High School in a joined assembly. Mac.Rob celebrated by inviting Premier of Victoria Steve Bracks to witness the restarting of the school clock tower (which coincidentally did not start when the time came).

In 2019, a burglar broke into Lakeside building and flooded the bottom floor; students then needed to walk to neighbouring schools to study because of the lack of space.

Enrolment and structure
The middle school caters for students in years 9 and 10, whilst the senior school caters for students in years 11 and 12. The school's enrolment is approximately 950 to 980 students every year. Prior to 2019, 225 students were admitted into year 9, with an extra class of 25 added in year 10. In 2019, the number of students in year 9 was changed to 250, with only a small number of students added in year 10 to bring the cohort back to 250 students. In 2020, a quota of 300 year 9 students were selected for enrolment every year through the year 8 entrance examination. The size of the year 10-12 cohorts vary between 230 and 260 students each year.

Subjects
In Year nine, students take core subjects including Maths, Foreign Language, English, Science, Physical Education and School Singing. Students with Geography and History alternating per semester. Students are also required to take two electives.

Year ten students take Mathematics, Foreign Language, and choose an English elective, P.E elective, Humanities elective, Science elective, Arts/Technology elective and/or an uncatergorised elective. Many electives are also available as VCE 1/2 subjects. Students must also continue education of a foreign language either in school or as an external subject. If a student chooses to learn language externally, they must choose an extra elective to study at school.

Year eleven students may choose to study either VCE or IB. VCE students are required to take six year-long VCE/VET subjects, that may consist of maximum two 3/4 subjects.

Year twelve students typically study four to six 3/4 subjects. Students usually cannot study more than a total of six 3/4 subjects across their VCE journey.

Houses
The four houses and their associated colours are:
 * Naiads, river nymphs (blue)
 * Dryads, tree nymphs (green)
 * Nereids, sea nymphs (white)
 * Oreads, mountain nymphs (red)

Nereids' official colour is white, although throughout the years it has come to adopt purple as its secondary colour.

Notable alumni
Notable alumnae from the school include:
 * Alexandra Adornetto, author
 * Ellen Balaam, physician and first female surgeon in Victoria
 * Judith Buckrich, academic and author
 * Beatrice Faust (née Fennessy), author and feminist activist
 * Alice Garner, actress and academic
 * Antoinette Halloran, opera singer
 * Amirah Inglis, author
 * Rosea Kemp (née Boyd) - metrologist
 * Tan Le, Young Australian of the Year
 * Seen Lee, weightlifter
 * Veronika Megler, computer scientist, data scientist and game developer
 * Katharine Parton, composer & first female Director of Music, Fitzwilliam College Cambridge
 * Alice Pung, author
 * Christina Twomey, historian
 * Priya Serrao, lawyer and Miss Universe Australia 2019
 * Dorothy Shineberg, historian
 * Renata Singer (née Diamond), novelist and author, wife and collaborator of Peter Singer
 * Lili Wilkinson, author
 * Penny Wright, senator

Notable staff

 * Sonny Chua (1967–2020), concert pianist, director of music

title: Mac.Robertson Girls' High School


text:
Nutty Royale

The Nutty Royale is an ice cream-based frozen snack made by H.P. Hood LLC dairy company.

It consists of a chilled ice cream cone filled with vanilla ice cream with a topping of chocolate sauce or fudge and a sprinkling of nut shards. It is similar to the "Drumstick" produced by Nestle. The "Royale" can be found in boxes of 4 or 8.

title: Nutty Royale


text:
Talk:Arts Vision

Seiyū removed from this article

 * Yuji Ueda and Michiko Neya (Reason: No longer affiliated with the production)
 * Hiroko Konishi (Same reason as with Ueda and Neya)
 * Katashi Ishizuka and Tetsuya Iwanaga (Same as with Ueda, Neya, and Konishi)

Always look up at the Arts Vision and Anime News Network (ANN) websites very carefully to see if they are still affiliated with Arts Vision or not. I have noticed that five of the names before my massive edit were no longer affiliated with Arts Vision, and I had no choice but to update the article to reflect the change in representation of the seiyuus. I added Yumiko Kobayashi to this article since she currently is affiliated with Arts Vision.

- Mark "Vesther" Kim, 23:42 Hours CDT, 7 June 2005

Hepburn Japanese
Just now I had to correct two names (most noticeably Tomomichi Nishimura) since the names were written in Traditional Japanese Spelling as opposed to Hepburn Japanese Spelling. Watch out for syllables such as "Shi", "Chi", "Ji", "Tsu", "Zu", et. al. because I caught two errors. Always try to spell a name in Hepburn Japanese. — Vesther 22:21, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Arts Vision chairman involved in scandal
http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-05-28/av-chairman-arrested

Should this be added on? It pretty much affects Arts Vision as a whole, with their website even going down for a while with some sort of apologies. Sera404 12:50, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

I second adding this. You can learn about Horie Yui's response (and the fans) here

http://zepy.momotato.com/2007/05/28/arts-vision-chairman-charged-with-molestation-of-16-year-old/

http://zepy.momotato.com/2007/05/28/more-on-arts-vision/

http://zepy.momotato.com/2007/06/02/30-fans-pillow-fighting-outside-the-arts-vision-building/

http://zepy.momotato.com/2007/06/05/horie-yui-not-involved-in-arts-vision-scandal/ EtouMei 02:07, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

 * For now, I simply placed the template requesting expansion/translation from JAWP... Ranma9617 04:24, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

Updates, please
Seiyū Suzumura Kenichi has officially left Arts Vision on 02 April 2012. Besides, I noticed that a few of the names listed were no longer affiliated with AV either. I'm not good in Japanese so anyone, help please? Also, I suggest dividing the seiyū list into male and female categories since there're like hundred over seiyū with AV. The full list can be viewed here 115.133.48.241 (talk) 10:11, 6 April 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arts Vision


text:
File:Iceborer.jpg

http://www.buffalo.edu/reporter/vol35/vol35n28/images/iceborer.jpg

Originally published in the April 1st, 1995 issue of Discover magazine.

I feel this image qualifies as "fair use" in Hotheaded Naked Ice Borer because the visual similarity between the fake "Hotheaded Naked Ice Borer" and the real "Naked mole rat" is critical to understanding the April Fool's joke.

title: File:Iceborer.jpg


text: User talk:LordBleen

title: User talk:LordBleen


text:
Sipper water bottle

A sipper water bottle is a type of bottle used to dispense water for certain pets including rabbits, ferrets, hamsters, chinchillas, gerbils, and other small animals. Typically a sipper bottle consists of a plastic portion used to contain the water, a plastic cap, and a metal tube with a ball bearing inside.

The vacuum formed by the presence of the ball bearing keeps water from flowing out of the bottle. An animal can interrupt this vacuum by pressing against the ball bearing and forcing it slightly up the tube—thus an animal can drink from the bottle by licking the metal ball bearing.

A water bottle can be affixed to the side of an animal's cage from the outside (using the wire that normally comes with the bottle) or from the inside (using a separate water bottle holder utilizing a suction cup or a metal support, both of which can be purchased at most pet stores).

title: Sipper water bottle


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Hotheaded Naked Ice Borer

The Hotheaded Naked Ice Borer is a fictional animal invented by Discover magazine as an April Fool's Day joke.

A short article on the Hotheaded Naked Ice Borer first appeared in the April 1995 issue of Discover magazine. The article was written by Tim Folger, then an editor at the magazine. Folger wrote several other April Fool stories for the magazine, including a basketball-sized particle named the "bigon", and the discovery of prehistoric musical instruments— rhinoceros bladder bagpipes, a mastodon-tusk tuba, and a bone triangle—supposedly used by Neanderthals.

Hoax
The article carried a purported photo of a Naked mole rat-like creature with a bony growth protruding from its head. According to the article, this animal had recently been discovered in Antarctica. The bony structure was suffused with tiny blood vessels that would heat it to a temperature high enough to melt through the ice. To acquire food, a group of these animals would burrow into the ice underneath suitable prey, and use their heads to melt through. When the animal, usually a penguin, sank helplessly into the water, the group of Borers would devour it. It was even speculated in the article that Antarctic explorer "Philippe Poisson" (poisson d'avril, "April fish," is the French equivalent of "April fool") may have been eaten by a group of these animals when he disappeared in 1837.

A clue that indicated that the Ice Borer story was a hoax can be found in the name of the biologist who discovered the animal, "Aprile Pazzo" ("April Fool" in Italian). Cleber Redondo, a deputy art director, created image by digitally manipulating an image of a naked mole-rat, adding fangs and a "bony growth" (based on a trilobite) with a "red-hot" front edge.

Influence
Discover magazine received more mail about this article than about any other article it had ever published. A number of zoo officials and scientists sent humorous letters to the magazine asking how they could acquire specimens of the creature. Ripley's Believe It or Not! picked up the story and ran it as a real news item. The story was repeated as true in The Unofficial X-Files Companion.

The creature was featured in Godzilla: The Series as an enemy kaiju.

In the game Subnautica: Below Zero, the Ice Worm leviathan is likely based on the Ice Borer, as both creatures possess a "hot bone" in their heads that helps them to melt through ice to hunt for prey.

title: Hotheaded Naked Ice Borer


text: Talk:U.S. West

title: Talk:U.S. West


text:
Spencer Compton, 2nd Marquess of Northampton

Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton, 2nd Marquess of Northampton (2 January 1790 – 17 January 1851), known as Lord Compton from 1796 to 1812 and as Earl Compton from 1812 to 1828, was a British nobleman and patron of science and the arts.

Life
The second son of the 9th Earl of Northampton (later the First Marquess), Compton studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, receiving a Master of Arts degree in 1810. In 1812, following the assassination of his cousin, the prime minister Spencer Perceval, Compton, by now Earl Compton as heir to the Marquessate, took his seat for Northampton in the House of Commons.

On 24 July 1815, he married Margaret Maclean Clephane, eldest daughter of Major-general Douglas Maclean Clephane.

In the Commons, Compton established a reputation as something of a maverick. Despite his family's strong Tory credentials, he often voted against the Tory government of the day. This led to his losing his seat in the general election of 1820.

After 1820 Compton took up residence in Italy, where his house became a centre of attraction, and exercised his influence in favour of many of the unfortunate victims of despotic authority both in Lombardy and in Naples. He returned to England in 1830, and became a prominent figure in political and cultural life. He supported the Reform Bill in the House of Lords, but became more engaged in promoting the arts and sciences.

In 1820–22 he was president of the Geological Society of London. He served as president of the Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (1845–46 and 1850–51), and in 1838 became president of the Royal Society, an office he held for ten years. He took a particular interest in geology, especially in fossils, although he was not himself a scientist, but more of an interested amateur. The dinosaur species Regnosaurus northamptoni was named after him. He resigned in 1848, due to his opposition to the Society's increasing professionalization. Compton was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1846. He held the position of president of the Royal Society of Literature from 1849 until his death.

He died on 17 January 1851, and was buried at Castle Ashby on 25 January.

Family
On 24 July 1815 Compton married Margaret Douglas-Maclean-Clephane, who was a poet admired by Sir Walter Scott and William Wordsworth, although her poetry was not published. The marriage was a happy one, producing six children. The couple lived in Italy for ten years from 1820 to 1830. Compton succeeded his father as Marquess of Northampton in 1828. Following Lady Northampton's death in 1830, Northampton returned to England. Among their children were:
 * Charles Compton, 3rd Marquess of Northampton (1816–1877)
 * Lady Marianne Margaret Compton (1817–1888), later Lady Marian Alford
 * Admiral William Compton, 4th Marquess of Northampton (1818–1897)
 * Lord Alwyne Compton (1825–1906), successively Dean of Worcester and Bishop of Ely
 * Lady Margaret Compton, married Frederick Leveson-Gower


text: User talk:65.95.50.250

title: User talk:65.95.50.250


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zakofal

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 07:33, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Zakofal
From the incoherent writing and lack of google hits (which isn't very reliable for rare subjects) I believe this is made up... If not hopefully the author will provide a lot of sources and show us something of interest. gren 04:30, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Yet another "philosphy" made up by some guy and his friends. --Xcali 04:46, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense masquerading as history. DS1953 04:49, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 06:38, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Hoax. JFW | T@lk  11:21, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete All I see on Google are blogs,, in Greek(?), which makes me doubt the veracity of this article. Seems like a hoax. --Etacar11 16:30, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete what looks like a hoax to me. — Chameleon 19:30, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zakofal


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User talk:Thomas Aquinas

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Spinboy 04:30, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Username
Hello. Wikipedia has a guideline against using "the name of a celebrity, or a political, military, or religious figure or event" as a username. Please change yours. CDThieme 3 July 2005 21:13 (UTC)
 * As a matter of fact, Gamaliel is also the middle name of a president named Warren Harding. 1921-1923. I think he should keep the username. Эрон Кинней  00:44, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * The relevant policies on usernames can be found here: Username. The rationale for avoiding the names of well-known figures is to curtail the confusion which would ensue if, for example, it appeared that Dolly Parton were contributing otherwise uncited material about the history of country music. I doubt anyone could be misled to believe that Aquinas himself is actually now editing Wikipedia. Dystopos 23:05, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Aquinas IS DEAD! Any scholarly person on Wikipedia would know that the Saint is deceased, and how would that lead to confusion? The rules should be, "alive celebrities, or religious figures". Эрон Кинней  00:44, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I think that's what I said. Dystopos 05:26, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

You may be interested
You might be interested in this current vote: Votes for deletion/List of Roman Catholics -Doohickey

Have you seen these?
Votes for deletion/List of Catholic Actresses and Actors and Votes for deletion/List of Catholic Criminals Doohickey 16:40, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

Question
Criticism, especially in these fora, is often taken for pure ad hominem attack or quackery. I just wanted to present something, with all due respect. In the cosmic scale it is not an important matter but it is nonetheless non-trival. You state, "I prefer that an article be objective to its being neutral". I just wanted to ask, does this jibe with the Wikipedia guideline of NPOV? Personally I agree with your views, but those who come to Wikipedia sometimes have to set aside some personal views. A "neutral" writing can, if well done--and I'm certain we are capable of it--demonstrate the truth-power of our views while retaining NPOV. My least thought is to be offensive...please accept this as intellectual provocation at worst, and pardon my tongue.

Thomas, I heartily suggest (at the risk of sounding hypocritical after this critique), though, that you take note of a suggestion/exhortation I have posted. Thanks for listening to my ranting; I do encourage you to take up the latter suggestion. Best wishes in Christ. --Dpr 04:00, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Neutrality
I don't really know what to do but two article I thought weren't neutral and need editing are condoms (because of the application picture) - I'm going to suggest it be deleted but would appriciate your help. Chooserr

On the Catholic Church of Wikipedia
As you have described yourself as a Catholic, I thought I would alert you as a co-religionist to your opportunity to delete the particularly offensive article, Catholic Church of Wikipedia.--Thomas Aquinas 21:42, 27 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but I'm not an administrator, and I'm neutral either way. --Bryan Nguyen | Talk 22:14, 27 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I have seen it and I agree that it is offensive. Why hasn't this been AfDd before? I notice that it isn't strictly an article. Maybe a petition to move it? --Elliskev 01:20, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

"Catholic Church of Wikipedia"
It offends me both as a Catholic and a Wikipedian. If someone wants to post this garbage on their own website, that's their right, but it has no place on WP. I will vote for deletion, and thank you for the message. Paul 00:39, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the notice. I had just registered a complaint when the "project" started and then ignored it. I hope I have stirred the pot in the RfD. patsw 04:32, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the notice. --Dpr 10:38, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't believe they've voted to keep the thing. Ugh. --Dpr 19:49, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Fetal Pain
A few weeks ago I suggested and added a section to the Abortion page on Fetal Pain. Not much seemed to come of it and it was quickly deleted. There were many talks following it, which unfortunately I was unable to participate in. I wanted to know if you could possibly help get it back on the map. Here is one of the more POV versions I'd made (the NPOV one was lost in the reverts). Maybe if you could get other catholic wikipedians to protest it's removal add to it and reinstate it we can get somewhere. Chooserr
 * Thanks for letting me know about this. From my study of neuroanatomy, I am skeptical about fetal pain as early as 7 weeks.  The central nervous system is so immature that cognitive appraisial (such as pain) would probably not be possible.  Check out this study: Benatar, D & Benatar, M. (2001). A pain in the fetus: toward ending confusion about fetal pain.  Bioethics, 15 57-76.  I can email your the pdf version if you like.  I found it on EBSCOhost. According to the study fetal pain may not be possible until the 28th or 30th week of gestation.  However, several studies say different things on the subject.  I definitely think that it deserves to be mentioned in Wikipedia; However, I don't think Abortion is the appropraite page.  Pre- and perinatal psychology might be more appropraite.  If it is going to be included, then it needs to be sided by more the "Abortion Facts."  It is a bit biased.  If I can help, just let me know.  Thanks again.  -- Psy guy Talk 23:07, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
 * By the way, thanks for correcting my spelling on Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:Catholic Church of Wikipedia. We may be on different sides of this issue, but I hope that we can work cooperatively and be civil. -- Psy guy Talk 23:13, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for being so civil in MfD. Some have been insulting, but you have been able to defend your position by taking the high road.  I admire that.  I hope to see you around the site more. -- Psy guy Talk 18:47, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

A Message to Pro-Life Wikipedians
The section "Foetal Pain" (Fetal Pain) has been deleted from the Abortion article. Could you help restore it? If you would like to see what was deleted, go to my talk page, scroll to "Fetal Pain," and click the provided link.--Thomas Aquinas 22:33, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Dear Sir, - Couldn't find your version, apparently deleted. But I did find Choserr's version, and I would only suggest that the article be inserted into main Wikipedia as its own entry, expanded and linked to from within Abortion. Then you could either protect it or ask for protect for it, if things get problematic.

 * Perhaps, this may help: I had found a Powerpoint presentation "In The Womb" from an Italian hospital on the MangaloreanCatholics list[httP:://groups.yahoo.com/group/mangaloreancatholics]. I am certain that the moderator (Paladka) would be willing to mail it to you.

 * Regards. WikiSceptic 03:06, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Hello
Hi, Thomas.I don't understand.I didn't tamper with that fetal pain page. Btw,I've been grounded, so it's no computer use for me for this week.

Peace, Ding Xiang

Tan Ding Xiang 陈鼎翔 09:16, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

BC Prob
There is a problem with wikipedians changing the Euripides pages dating system to BCE/CE... especially SlimVirgin. I want to explain the situation incase you can help...I originally tried to change a wikipedia page from BCE/CE to BC/AD User:Shanes told me it's wiki policy to use the dates out lined by the creator of the page. I searched and found that the Euripides page originally used the BC/AD dating system and changed it with a summary. Now others are putting it back to BCE/CE. Can you help? Chooserr

 * Thank you for your help, I was told that I would be blocked if I were to edit that page again even though I was right and it originally impemented the BC/AD dating system. User:Shanes told me once that it was wiki policy that you couldn't change the dating system from what the creator used...I've found plenty of articles that have. If you are curious you can find them if you check my user contributions. Thanks again, Chooserr

 * Sophocles,

Had BC/AD until 2 days ago when it was changed. After being banned I promised - I'm not sure who exactly, but I did and don't want to break it - that I wouldn't revert unless theres been some discussion on the matter. So if you would like you can add your opinion. Thank you, Chooserr

Fetal pain update
Greetings TA. Alerted by you to the removal of the above section from the abortion article, I have set about to provide a NPOV section which aims to address both sides to the argument. Please have a look and tell me what you think. Brisvegas 02:49, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Pro-Life
My pro-life babel...has been nominated for deletion. A babels purpose is to tell the other person quick facts about you. That is one of them. If you could help vote I'd appreciate it. Thank you, Chooserr
 * I also nominated your no-french template too, please stop making these things, thank you--Aolanonawanabe 04:16, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Luckily it got off the hook. HiddenSociety

 * I liked both of them, thank you. JG of Borg 03:24, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Jesus
Check out the Jesus article and edit it to keep it focused on Jesus and a biographical account of Him. Watch the Jesus page to keep it focused on Him. Thank you. Scifiintel 22:36, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi! I've seen a few of your edits on the Jesus article, and reverted some because they do not meet NPOV policy.  I'm Christian too, but it's important to respect the neutrality of Wikipedia and not try to evangelize in the articles.  Try to use terms everyone can agree with: call Him "Jesus" and not "Christ", since some people do not accept the title "Christ" as applied to Jesus.  We can of course continue to believe that He is Christ, but where there are neutral terms let's be sure to use them.  It's also more appropriate not to capitalize pronouns that refer to Jesus, since again the capitalization is a sign of reverence that a neutral encyclopedia cannot use and remain neutral.  The idea is to write an objective article, not to promote your view.  Plenty of other outlets exist for that purpose, and I heartily encourage you to use them. Alanyst 21:53, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

You said on my talk page:
 * While the title Christ is arguably more biased in Our Lord's favour, I believe that it may be used neutrally and interchangeably with the Holy Name

Please understand that people who do not believe Jesus is Christ often do not consider "Christ" to be an appropriately neutral (or indeed, from their perspective, accurate) term to apply to Him. We have the blessing of being at liberty to disagree with their point of view, but we ought to seek to use terms that other editors will be able to use as well. Using the word "Christ" will simply encourage someone else to change it, while using "Jesus" will be equally accurate and neutral from our perspective, while remaining acceptable to those who do not believe as we do.

Similarly, regarding the capitalization issue, if we acknowledge that some people believe Jesus is not divine, then we must also acknowledge that using the reverential capitalization excludes that point of view, and therefore is not appropriate for Wikipedia. It behooves us to respect others' beliefs, and we can do so without weakening our own. You can read and write the uncapitalized pronouns with the same feeling of reverence that you do with the capitalized ones; if your motivation is to proclaim the Christ, again I urge you to do so in a more appropriate venue than on Wikipedia. Alanyst 22:33, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

I find it offensive that they use BCE/CE dates on the Jesus article because I was told that you can't use BC/AD on Jewish, or Moslem articles. Also as a further offense they put 6 AD/CE instead of AD 6 (CE). Six "the year of our lord" doesn't make as much sense as "the year of our lord" six. Non-user

Catholic Church of Wikipedia
Vote to delete User:Sam Korn/Catholic Church of Wikipedia at this page: Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Sam Korn/Catholic Church of Wikipedia, and tell other people to do the same.

Pro-life Alliance
The article Pro-Life Alliance has been nominated for deletion. Chooserr

Can you help
I would appreciate help with watching LIFE (Charity) and Central Catholic Library both of which I feel have merit and are only being classified unencyclopedic because the "editor" has a grudge against me. Chooserr

Anti-Anonymex2
Anti-Anonymex2 is leaving Wikipedia. You are listed as a friend on his user page, so I thought you might want to know. --TantalumT e lluride 20:44, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

This type of censorship makes me sick
Vote to keep, show these hypocrites what's what, tolerance? ha, only when it's good for them--Diatrobica;l 23:15, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Pro-life
The Pro-Life organization Student LifeNet is up for deletion. If you would like to contribute to the discussion in progress you are more than welcome to do so. Chooserr 17:29, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

BC AD
Euripides has been changed to BCE/CE despite its long history of BC/AD dates. Chooserr

Contraceptive patch
Sean Black has removed an informative section from the Contraceptive patch article describing a law suit which is currently taking place and some of the risks involved in using such barbaric devices. Since you are listed as Pro-Life I was wondering if you might restore the original version, for I don't personally want to get baited into a 3rvt ban. Thank you, Chooserr 07:00, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

CAoW
I think it would be a good idea for you to join the Catholic Alliance of wikipedia, which is a pro-life voting group on wikipedia. --Shanedidona 21:29, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

CAoW
Sorry to double-post, but anyway... Since you are listed as a Roman Catholic, I figured I'd send you this. Catholic Alliance of wikipedia has been nominated for Deletion. Please vote and/or tell other people to vote to keep this organization on wikipedia. --Shanedidona 01:40, 25 December 2005 (UTC)

Penis
Because you list yourself as Catholic I thought I would inform you of a particularly offensive image on the Penis page, or the subject in question. It shouldn't belong here, and the diagram is enough for me. If you feel the same please remove it, or help fight the case on the talk page. Chooserr 05:41, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Conservative_notice_board
Hello, I noticed that you identify as a conservative Wikipedian. So I would like to invite you to post any conservative issues you might have over at the new project page, Conservative_notice_board. Thanks. --Facto 05:44, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Hi, I wonder if you might be interested in The Catholic Wiki Project? It's a fairly new Catholic POV wiki. Speculative catholic 02:19, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Ron Burgundy
Another editor has added the "prod" template to the article Ron Burgundy, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the editor doesn't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and has explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Notability). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia or discuss the relevant issues at its talk page. If you remove the prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Oo7565 02:07, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thomas Aquinas


text: Category:Magnet schools in Illinois

title: Category:Magnet schools in Illinois


text:
Albatross (instrumental)

"Albatross" is a guitar-based instrumental by Fleetwood Mac, released as a single in November 1968, later featuring on the compilation albums The Pious Bird of Good Omen (UK) and English Rose (US). The piece was composed by Peter Green.

Composition
Santo & Johnny's "Sleep Walk" (1959) reportedly inspired Peter Green for his 1968 instrumental "Albatross", although the composition also resembles Chuck Berry's 1957 instrumental "Deep Feeling", itself derivative of the 1939 recording "Floyd's Guitar Blues" by Andy Kirk and his 12 Clouds of Joy, featuring guitarist Floyd Smith. In Green's biography [Celmins 1998], an early inspiration for "Albatross" was said to have been "a group of notes from an Eric Clapton solo, played slower."

The composition and its arrangement suggest a relaxing sea setting, with cymbals imitating the sound of waves (Mick Fleetwood played his drum kit using timpani mallets to give a muted sound) and a dreamy solo from Green's guitar. It contains four chords, E, Emaj7 (or G#m/E), A/E, and F#m, played by Green on his Fender Stratocaster into a Matamp Series 2000. Green had been working on the piece for some time before the addition to the band of 18-year-old guitarist Danny Kirwan. Slide guitarist Jeremy Spencer was not generally inclined to work with Green, who had felt unable to realise the overall effect that he wanted. With Kirwan's input, Green completed the piece and it was recorded just two months after Kirwan joined, without Spencer present. Although he was not a part of the recording sessions, Spencer was shown in video material miming to Green's slide guitar parts. Kirwan's instrumental "Jigsaw Puzzle Blues" was chosen for the B-side in most territories. "Albatross" has been re-released many times as a single in various countries, with many different B-sides.

As a boy, Green studied the poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by the poet Coleridge whose tale of an Albatross inspired the instrumental. The album The Pious Bird of Good Omen, which includes "Albatross", has a cover that features a nun with an albatross, alluding to the symbology among sailors and Coleridge's poem.

This composition is one of only a few tracks by the original line-up of Fleetwood Mac that is included on their later "greatest hits" and "best of" compilations. "Albatross" is the only Fleetwood Mac composition to inspire a Beatles song, "Sun King" from 1969's Abbey Road. George Harrison commented in a 1987 interview that the Beatles used "Albatross" as a starting point to construct a new song. "At the time, 'Albatross' (by Fleetwood Mac) was out, with all the reverb on guitar. So we said, 'Let's be Fleetwood Mac doing Albatross, just to get going.' It never really sounded like Fleetwood Mac... but that was the point of origin."

Commercial performance
The song was a success in several countries and remains Fleetwood Mac's only number-one hit in the UK Singles Chart, spending one week at the top in January 1969.

"Albatross" was re-released in the United Kingdom in April 1973 as part of a CBS Records series entitled "Hall of Fame Hits", and enjoyed a second UK chart run, peaking at number 2.

As of 2019, "Albatross" has sold over 900,000 copies in the UK.

Personnel

 * Peter Green – guitar
 * Danny Kirwan – guitar
 * John McVie – bass guitar
 * Mick Fleetwood – drums

Legacy
One of the earliest uses of the tune was on the soundtrack for the Rainer Werner Fassbinder sci-fi virtual reality film World on a Wire (1973). It was featured (along with "Jigsaw Puzzle Blues") in 1979's Rock 'n' Roll High School. Mick Fleetwood told Rolling Stone magazine that it was also used by the BBC on a wildlife program before it was a hit. The piece was also used as the background music to Marks & Spencer's 2005 advertising campaign. The song was used again by Marks & Spencer in 2019.

In March 2005, Q magazine placed "Albatross" at number 37 in its list of the "100 Greatest Guitar Tracks".

title: Albatross (instrumental)