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User talk:Germaine Hitler

Perhaps a screen name including Hitler is not the most positive representation you can make of yourself on Wikipedia. -- BD2412 T 03:17, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)

Perhaps a screen name alluding to Jermaine Jackson is not the most positive representation you can make of yourself on Wikipedia. ;-) Schmeitgeist 04:29, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Both of those things may well be true. Especially the latter, at this time of trial for the Jacksons.... on the other hand, having a dittohead write the feminazi Wikipedia article is not the best way for Wikipedia to present itself to the world, either. - Germaine Hitler 05:00, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC) P.S. Is Germaine Greer's fame so fleeting? Ok, rhetorical question... - Germaine Hitler 05:03, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, your fame will be fleeting because I don't think you're username is appropriate, so for your own sake I'm going to permaban you. Please log out and log in under a more neutral name. Dunc|☺ 11:23, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Wikinazi! - Germaine Histler 20:33, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, great, this is just a recipe for disaster. Let it go, folks, just let it go. -- BD2412 T 20:37, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)

 * Hmmm... seems to have been let go... BD2412  T 23:19, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Germaine Hitler


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Category:Broadcasting stubs

If the article is about a broadcasting company (not a radio or TV station alone), please add media-company-stub as well.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Broadcasting stubs


text: User talk:69.169.44.30

title: User talk:69.169.44.30


text:
Southwick Cartularies

The Southwick Cartularies was an early 13th-century chronicle which listed the wealthiest people in England at the time. The chronicle also contained the first ever reference to the city of Portsmouth.

title: Southwick Cartularies


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Talk:Europe (Europe album)

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Talk:Wings of Tomorrow

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Arch Enemy has done covers
the melodic death metal band has done covers of 2 songs wings of tomorrow and scream of anger —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.254.17.70 (talk) 15:58, 25 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wings of Tomorrow


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Talk:The Final Countdown (album)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 08:07, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Final Countdown (album)


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The Church at Auvers

The Church at Auvers is an oil painting created by Dutch post-impressionist artist Vincent van Gogh in June 1890 which now hangs in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, France.

The painting depicts the Église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption d'Auvers-sur-Oise in Auvers-sur-Oise, France, 27 km north-west of Paris.

History
The Church at Auvers — along with other canvases such as The Town Hall at Auvers and several drawings of small houses with thatched roofs — is reminiscent of scenes from his Nuenen period. A certain nostalgia for the north had already been apparent in his last weeks in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence: in a letter written a couple of weeks before his departure, he wrote "While I was ill I nevertheless did some little canvases from memory which you will see later, memories of the North."

He specifically refers to similar work done back at Nuenen when he describes this painting in a letter to his sister Wilhelmina on 5 June 1890:

"I have a larger picture of the village church — an effect in which the building appears to be violet-hued against a sky of simple deep blue colour, pure cobalt; the stained-glass windows appear as ultramarine blotches, the roof is violet and partly orange. In the foreground some green plants in bloom, and sand with the pink flow of sunshine in it. And once again it is nearly the same thing as the studies I did in Nuenen of the old tower and the cemetery, only it is probably that now the colour is more expressive, more sumptuous."

The "simple deep blue" was also used in Portrait of Adeline Ravoux, painted in the same short period in Auvers-sur-Oise.

The foreground of The Church at Auvers is brightly lit by the sun, but the church itself sits in its own shadow, and "neither reflects nor emanates any light of its own." After Van Gogh had been dismissed from the evangelical career he had hoped to continue in the Borinage, Belgium, he wrote to his brother Theo from Cuesmes in July 1880, and quoted Shakespeare's image from Henry IV, Part 1 of the dark emptiness inside a church to symbolize "empty and unenlightened preaching": "Their God is like the God of Shakespeare's drunken Falstaff, 'the inside of a church'"

The motif of diverging paths also appears in his painting Wheat Field with Crows.

In popular culture
The Church at Auvers plays a prominent role in "Vincent and the Doctor", a 2010 episode of the British science-fiction television programme Doctor Who, although the scenes at the church were filmed at Llandaff Cathedral in Wales.

title: The Church at Auvers


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Talk:Out of This World (Europe album)

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Talk:Prisoners in Paradise

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Talk:Start from the Dark

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Mountain pine beetle

The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a species of bark beetle native to the forests of western North America from Mexico to central British Columbia. It has a hard black exoskeleton, and measures approximately 5 mm, about the size of a grain of rice.

In western North America, an outbreak of the beetle and its microbial associates affected wide areas of lodgepole pine forest, including more than 40 e6acre of forest in British Columbia. The outbreak in the Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado began in 1996 and has caused the destruction of millions of acres/hectares of ponderosa and lodgepole pine trees. At the peak of the outbreak in 2009, over 4.0 e6acre were affected. The outbreak then declined due to better environmental conditions, but many vulnerable trees had already been destroyed.

Mountain pine beetles inhabit ponderosa, whitebark, lodgepole, Scots, jack, limber, Rocky Mountain bristlecone, and Great Basin bristlecone pine trees. Normally, these insects play an important role in the life of a forest, attacking old or weakened trees, and speeding development of a younger forest. However, unusually hot, dry summers and mild winters in 2004–2007 throughout the United States and Canada, along with forests filled with mature lodgepole pine, led to an unprecedented epidemic.

The outbreak may have been the largest forest insect blight seen in North America since European colonization. Monocultural replanting, and a century of forest fire suppression have contributed to the size and severity of the outbreak, and the outbreak itself may, with similar infestations, have significant effects on the capability of northern forests to remove greenhouse gases (such as CO2) from the atmosphere.

Because of its impact on forestry, the transcriptome and the genome of the beetle have been sequenced. It was the second beetle genome to be sequenced.

Life cycle

Beetles develop through four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Except for a few days during the summer when adults emerge from brood trees and fly to attack new host trees, all life stages are spent beneath the bark.

In low elevation stands and in warm years, mountain pine beetles require one year to complete a generation. At high elevations, where summers are typically cooler, life cycles may vary from one to two years

Female beetles initiate attacks. As they chew into the inner bark and phloem, pheromones are released, attracting male and female beetles to the same tree. The attacking beetles produce more pheromones, resulting in a mass attack that overcomes the tree's defenses, and results in attacks on adjacent trees.

Natural predators of the mountain pine beetle include certain birds, particularly woodpeckers, and various insects.

Effects

Mountain pine beetles affect pine trees by laying eggs under the bark. The beetles introduce blue stain fungus into the sapwood that prevents the tree from repelling and killing the attacking beetles with tree pitch flow. The fungus also blocks water and nutrient transport within the tree. On the tree exterior, this results in popcorn-shaped masses of resin, called "pitch tubes", where the beetles have entered. The joint action of larval feeding and fungal colonization kills the host tree within a few weeks of successful attack (the fungus and feeding by the larvae girdles the tree, cutting off the flow of water and nutrients). In recent years, drought conditions have further weakened trees, making them more vulnerable and unable to defend against attack. When the tree is first attacked, it remains green. Usually within a year of attack, the needles will have turned red. This means the tree is dying or dead, and the beetles have moved to another tree. Within three to four years after the attack, very little foliage is left, so the trees appear grey.

As beetle populations increase or more trees become stressed because of drought or other causes, the population may quickly increase and spread. Healthy trees are then attacked, and huge areas of mature pine stands may be threatened or killed. Warm summers and mild winters play a role in both insect survival and the continuation and intensification of an outbreak. Adverse weather conditions (such as winter lows of -40°) can reduce the beetle populations and slow the spread, but the insects can recover quickly and resume their attack on otherwise healthy forests.

Increases due to climate change
Climate change and the associated changing weather patterns occurring worldwide have a direct effect on biology, population ecology, and the population of eruptive insects, such as the mountain pine beetle. This is because temperature is a factor which determines insect development and population success. Mountain pine beetles are a species native to Western North America. Prior to climatic and temperature changes, the mountain pine beetle predominately lived and attacked lodgepole and ponderosa pine trees at lower elevations, as the higher elevation Rocky Mountains and Cascades were too cold for their survival. Under normal seasonal freezing weather conditions in the lower elevations, the forest ecosystems that pine beetles inhabit are kept in a balance by factors such as tree defense mechanisms, beetle defense mechanisms, and freezing temperatures. It is a simple relationship between a host (the forest), an agent (the beetle) and the environment (the weather and temperature). However, as climate change causes mountain areas to become warmer and drier, pine beetles have more power to infest and destroy the forest ecosystems, such as the whitebark pine forests of the Rocky Mountains.

Increased temperatures also allow the pine beetle to increase their life cycle by 100%: it only takes a single year instead of two for the pine beetle to develop. As the Rockies have not adapted to deal with pine beetle infestations, they lack the defenses to fight the beetles. Warmer weather patterns, drought, and beetle defense mechanisms together dries out sap in pine trees, which is the main mechanism of defense that trees have against the beetle, as it drowns the beetles and their eggs. This makes it easier for the beetle to infest and release chemicals into the tree, luring other beetles in an attempt to overcome the weakened defense system of the pine tree. As a consequence, the host (forest) becomes more vulnerable to the disease-causing agent (the beetle).

Pine forests in British Columbia have been devastated by a pine beetle infestation, which has expanded unhindered since 1998 at least in part due to the lack of severe winters since that time; a few days of extreme cold kill most mountain pine beetles and have kept outbreaks in the past naturally contained. The infestation, which (by November 2008) has killed about half of the province's lodgepole pines (33 million acres or 135,000 km2) is an order of magnitude larger than any previously recorded outbreak. One reason for unprecedented host tree mortality may be due to that the mountain pine beetles have higher reproductive success in lodgepole pine trees growing in areas where the trees have not experienced frequent beetle epidemics, which includes much of the current outbreak area. In 2007 the outbreak spread, via unusually strong winds, over the continental divide to Alberta. An epidemic also started, be it at a lower rate, in 1999 in Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana. The United States forest service predicts that between 2011 and 2013 virtually all 5 e6acre of Colorado's lodgepole pine trees over five inches (127 mm) in diameter will be lost.

The whitebark forests of the Rockies are not the only forests that have been affected by the mountain pine beetle. Due to temperature changes and wind patterns, the pine beetle has now spread through the Continental Divide of the Rockies and has invaded the fragile boreal forests of Alberta.

Management
Management techniques include harvesting at the leading edges of "green attack", as well as other techniques that can be used to manage infestations on a smaller scale, including:

 * Pheromone baiting – is luring beetles into trees 'baited' with a synthetic hormone that mimics the scent of a female beetle. Beetles can then be contained in a single area, where they can more easily be destroyed.
 * Sanitation harvesting – is removing single infested trees to control the spread of beetle populations to other areas.
 * Snip and skid – is removing groups of infested trees scattered over a large area.
 * Controlled, or mosaic, burning – is burning an area where infested trees are concentrated, to reduce high beetle infestations in the area or to help reduce the fire hazard in an area. Controlling wildfires has significantly increased since the 1980s and '90s due to firefighting technology.
 * Fall and burn – is cutting (felling) and burning beetle-infested trees to prevent the spread of beetle populations to other areas. This is usually done in winter, to reduce the risk of starting forest fires.
 * Pesticides – Biopesticides such as chitosan have been tested for protection against the mountain pine beetle, and pesticides such as carbaryl, permethrin, and bifenthrin are used for smaller area applications.

The US Forest Service tested chitosan, a biopesticide, to pre-arm pine trees to defend themselves against MPB. The US Forest Service results show colloidal chitosan elicited a 40% increase in pine resin (P<0.05) in southern pine trees. One milliliter chitosan per 10 gallons water was applied to the ground area within the drip ring of loblolly pine trees. The application was repeated three times from May through September in 2008. The chitosan was responsible for eliciting natural defense responses of increased resin pitch-outs, with the ability to destroy 37% of the pine beetle eggs. Dr. Jim Linden, Microbiologist, Colorado State University, stated the chitosan increased resin pitch-outs to push the mountain pine beetle out of the tree, preventing the MPB from entering the pine tree and spreading blue stain mold.

Searching out, removing, and destroying the brood in infested trees is the best way to slow the spread of mountain pine beetles; however, it may not protect specific trees. Spraying trees to prevent attack is the most effective way to protect a small number of high-value trees from mountain pine beetles. Carbaryl, permethrin and bifenthrin are registered in the United States for use in the prevention of pine beetle infestations. Carbaryl is considered by the EPA to likely be carcinogenic to humans. It is moderately toxic to wild birds and partially to highly toxic to aquatic organisms. Permethrin is easily metabolized in mammalian livers, so is less dangerous to humans. Birds are also practically not affected by permethrin. Negative effects can be seen in aquatic ecosystems, as well as it being very toxic to beneficial insects. Bifenthrin is moderately dangerous to mammals, including humans; it is slightly more toxic to birds and aquatic ecosystems than permethrin, as well as extremely toxic to beneficial insects.

Fall and burn is the technique being used in Alberta where there is hope of limiting the outbreak to western Canada, preventing its spread to northern Saskatchewan and further towards eastern Canada where jack pine may be vulnerable as far east as Nova Scotia.

Fire hazard
While weather and drought are important drivers of wildfires in sub boreal forests, bottom-up drivers of elevation and vegetation, including the fuel legacies of bark beetle outbreaks, are crucial factors influencing high-severity burning. The outbreak of mountain pine beetles in the early 2010s, ten times larger than previous outbreaks, Huge swaths of central British Columbia (BC) and parts of Alberta have been hit badly, with over 40 e6acre of BC's forests affected. created dead pine stands representing a potential fire hazard, prompting the BC government to direct fuel management activities in beetle areas as recommended in the 2003 Firestorm Provincial Review.

Previously, cold spells had killed off bark beetles, but with warmer weather they attacked the forests. The longer breeding season is another factor encouraging beetle proliferation. The combination of warmer weather, attack by beetles, and mismanagement during past years has led to a substantial increase in the severity of forest fires in Montana. According to a study done for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, portions of Montana will experience a 200% increase in area burned by wildland fires, and an 80% increase in air pollution from those fires.

On the carbon cycle
Researchers from the Canadian Forest Service have studied the relationship between the carbon cycle and forest fires, logging and tree deaths. They concluded by 2020, the pine beetle outbreak will have released 270 megatonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from Canadian forests. There is yet to be an accepted study of the carbon cycle effect over a future period of time for North American forests, but scientists believe we are at a "tipping point" of our Western Forests becoming a source of carbon off-put that is greater than that of a "carbon sink". Other scientists say that this "tipping point" will reverse itself as new forest life is established. This new growth will remove more carbon dioxide than the mature trees they are replacing would have. According to a 2016 study from the Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions rising levels of carbon dioxide may cancel out the pine beetle impact in British Columbia by 2020. The fertilization effect of the increased CO2 levels has returned BC forests to a carbon sink as of 2016 per Werner Kurz of the Canadian Forest Service.

On water resources
Hydrologists from the University of Colorado have investigated the impacts of beetle-infested forests on the water cycle, in particular, snow accumulation and melt. They concluded that dead forests will accumulate more snowpack as a result of thinner tree canopies and decreased snow sublimation. These thinned canopies also cause faster snowmelt by allowing more sunlight through to the forest floor and lowering the snowpack albedo, as a result of needle litter on the snow surface. Augmented snowpack coupled with dead trees that no longer transpire will likely lead to more available water.

In human culture
In Custer, South Dakota, a giant effigy of a mountain pine beetle is set on fire each winter.

title: Mountain pine beetle


text:
Ringer's lactate solution

Ringer's lactate solution (RL), also known as sodium lactate solution, Lactated Ringer's,  and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. It is used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who have low blood volume or low blood pressure. It may also be used to treat metabolic acidosis and to wash the eye following a chemical burn. It is given by intravenous infusion or applied to the affected area.

Side effects may include allergic reactions, high blood potassium, hypervolemia, and high blood calcium. It may not be suitable for mixing with certain medications and some recommend against use in the same infusion as a blood transfusion. Ringer's lactate solution has a lower rate of acidosis as compared with normal saline. Use is generally safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Ringer's lactate solution is in the crystalloid family of medications. It is isotonic, i.e. it has the same tonicity as blood.

Ringer's solution was invented in the 1880s; lactate was added in the 1930s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Lactated Ringer's is available as a generic medication. For people with liver dysfunction, Ringer's acetate may be a better alternative with the lactate replaced by acetate. In Scandinavia Ringer's acetate is typically used.

Medical uses
Ringer's lactate solution is commonly used for fluid resuscitation after blood loss due to trauma, or surgery.

It is extensively used in aggressive volume resuscitation, e.g. for patients with pancreatitis, hemorrhagic shock or major burn injuries. Since the lactate is converted into bicarbonate, caution should be used as patients may become alkalotic. In acidotic states, such as in acute kidney failure, Ringer's lactate solution may be advantageous as the byproducts of lactate metabolism in the liver counteract the acidosis. In a large-volume resuscitation over several hours, Ringer's lactate solution maintains a more stable blood pH than normal saline.

Ringer's lactate and other crystalloid fluids are also used as vehicles for the intravenous (IV) delivery of medications.

Chemistry
One liter of Ringer's lactate solution contains:
 * 130–131 mEq of sodium ion = 130 mmol L−1
 * 109–111 mEq of chloride ion = 109 mmol L−1
 * 28–29 mEq of lactate ion = 28 mmol L−1
 * 4–5 mEq of potassium ion = 4 mmol L−1
 * 2–3 mEq of calcium ion = 1.5 mmol L−1

Ringer's lactate has an osmolarity of 273 mOsm L−1 and a pH of 6.5. The lactate is metabolized into bicarbonate by the liver, which can help correct metabolic acidosis. Ringer's lactate solution alkalinizes via its consumption in the citric acid cycle, the generation of a molecule of carbon dioxide which is then excreted by the lungs. They increase the strong ion difference in solution, leading to proton consumption and an overall alkalinizing effect.

The solution is formulated to have concentrations of potassium and calcium that are similar to the ionized concentrations found in normal blood plasma. To maintain electrical neutrality, the solution has a lower level of sodium than that found in blood plasma or normal saline.

Generally, the source of the constituent ions is a mixture of sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium lactate (CH3CH(OH)CO2Na), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and potassium chloride (KCl), dissolved into distilled water. Ringer's solution has the same constituents without the sodium lactate, though sometimes it may also include magnesium chloride (MgCl2).

There are slight variations for the composition for Ringer's as supplied by different manufacturers. As such, the term Ringer's lactate should not be equated with one precise formulation.

History
Ringer's saline solution was invented in the early 1880s by Sydney Ringer, a British physician and physiologist. Ringer was studying the beating of an isolated frog heart outside of the body. He hoped to identify the substances in blood that would allow the isolated heart to beat normally for a time. The use of Ringer's original solution of inorganic salts slowly became more popular. In the 1930s, the original solution was further modified by American pediatrician Alexis Hartmann for the purpose of treating acidosis. Hartmann added lactate, which mitigates changes in pH by acting as a buffer for acid. Thus the solution became known as "Ringer's lactate solution" or "Hartmann's solution".

Formulations
Ringer's solution technically refers only to the saline component, without lactate. Some countries instead use a Ringer's acetate solution or Ringer-acetate, which has similar properties. This was thought to be helpful when analyzing blood-lactate for signs of anaerobic metabolism (e.g. present with septic shock, hypovolemic shock). Subsequently, it has been shown that lactate is metabolized much faster than infused. Ringers lactate should not cause an elevated blood-lactate level except possibly in the most severe presentations of liver failure.

Veterinary use
It is used for the treatment or palliative care of chronic kidney failure in small animals. The solution can be administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Administering the fluids subcutaneously allows the solution to be readily given to the animal by a trained layperson, as it is not required that a vein be located. The solution is slowly absorbed from beneath the skin into the bloodstream of the animal.

title: Ringer's lactate solution


text:
Fly (Yoko Ono album)

Fly is the second album by Yoko Ono, released in 1971. A double album, it was co-produced by Ono and John Lennon. It peaked at No. 199 on the US charts.

The album includes the singles "Mrs. Lennon" and "Mind Train." The track "Airmale" is the soundtrack to Lennon's time-lapse film Erection, while "Fly" is the soundtrack to Lennon and Ono's 1970 film Fly.

Recording and songs
The album was recorded around the same time as Lennon's Imagine.

In an article that Yoko wrote for Crawdaddy magazine, she explained that the songs on Fly are divided into two categories:

 * Side 1 and 2: "Songs to dance to - Rock and songs with physical beat".
 * Side 3 and 4: "Songs to listen to - mind music with mind beat".

Yoko described most of the songs on Fly as being "pieces [...] centered around a dialogue between my voice and John's guitar". She commented that John had "brought in musicians that are fine samurais", who he pushed to "fly with me".

Side One
The first side of the album includes two songs, "Midsummer New York" and "Mind Train".

"Midsummer New York" was about a deep insecurity that Yoko felt which she associated with her time in New York City before she met John.

"Mind Train" is the second-longest track on the album, lasting for nearly 17 minutes. Yoko described "Mind Train" as an "intricate conversation" between Yoko's voice, John's guitar, Jim Keltner's drumming, Klaus Voormann's bass and Chris Osbourne's dobro. A cut-down version of the song was used for the single release in January 1972.

Side Two
The track "Don't Worry, Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)" is dedicated to Ono's daughter Kyoko Cox and was previously released in 1969 as the B-side to the John Lennon-penned "Cold Turkey" by Plastic Ono Band.

"Mrs. Lennon" is the most conventional song on the album, described by The Spill Magazine as a "traditional ballad [song]". The lyrics were written in 1969 and the music was written in 1971. The song was, in Yoko's words, meant to be "a joke on me" and an Anti-war song. "Mrs. Lennon" features piano played by John Lennon.

"Hirake" is a partially re-recorded version of the B-side "Open Your Box", completed in response to a managing director of EMI calling the lyrics "distasteful". The verse "Open your trousers, open your skirt, open your legs and open your thighs", was changed to "open your houses", "…church", "…lakes", and "…eyes". Lennon and Ono didn't complain about the change of words, and only "wanted to get the record out", as a spokesman said.

Side Three
Side three of the LP features Ono performing with various automated sound machines created by Fluxus musician Joe Jones and pictured in the gatefold. In the liner notes for the album, Yoko commented that she was "always fascinated by the idea of making special instruments for special emotions - instruments that lead us to emotions arrived by our own motions rather than by our control". Joe Jones built eight new instruments specially for the Fly album which could "play by themselves with minimum manipulation".

"Airmale" and "You" represented Yin and Yang, and "Don't Count the Waves" represented the water that connects them. Yoko explained that "Airmale" represented the "delicateness of Male" while "You" expresses the "aggressiveness of Female". At the end of "You", there is the sound of "wind blowing over a sand hill over white dried female bones", which was created using tape feedback.

The song "Airmale" was used in John Lennon's film Erection.

Side Four
Side four consists of the nearly 23-minute long title track and a 30-second track titled "Telephone Piece".

"Fly" mostly consists of Yoko's vocals with some guitar by John. It was the first track recorded for the album and Yoko intended for it to be used for her film of the same name. The track was recorded in one take in Yoko and John's room at Regency hotel around Christmas 1970 on a Nagra, shortly after the completion of Yoko's debut album Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band.

Yoko explained the structure of "Fly" as consisting of the following:

 * Section one - monologue
 * Section two - monologue in "dialogue" form (John played guitar against the playback of Yoko's voice in section one. The guitar tape was then reversed and put together with Yoko's voice, so that the voice and guitar ran in two opposite directions as "separate monologues".)
 * Section three - monologue in a "trialogue" form (John played guitar against the reversed playback tape of section two. John's guitar during this process was then reversed and played along with Yoko's voice. When the guitar tape was finished, John played the radio against Yoko's voice for the remainder of the track.)

Yoko described section three as "a guitar solo with voice accompaniment" rather than the other way around.

Each edition of the US, UK and Japanese albums utilized that country's distinctive telephone ring in the track "Telephone Piece" (i.e. each edition of the album used entirely different recordings). The Japanese version also had Yoko speaking in Japanese. CD pressings of Fly use the US version, and the other two versions have never been released on compact disc.

Out-takes and other material
"Will You Touch Me" was first recorded during the Fly sessions. It was later re-recorded for Yoko's shelved 1974 album A Story and for 1981's Season of Glass. The original demo version was included on the Rykodisc reissue of Fly in 1997.

Release and promotion
The original release was a complete avant-garde/Fluxus package in a gatefold sleeve that came with a full-size poster and a postcard to order Ono's 1964 book Grapefruit.

Two singles were released from the album. The first single "Mrs. Lennon" was backed with "Midsummer New York" and received a release in the United States in September 1971, followed by a UK release in October. The second single was "Mind Train", which was released only in the United Kingdom and France in January 1972. The single features a substantially cut-down version of the song on the A-side while the B-side was "Listen, the Snow Is Falling", which had previously been released as the B-side of "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" in the United States a month earlier.

Four songs from the album were part of the Imagine film, these were "Don't Count the Waves", "Mrs. Lennon", "Mind Train" and "Midsummer New York".

Fly peaked at number 199 in the Billboard 200 and stayed on the chart for 2 weeks.

On 1 February 1972, Lennon and Ono Lennon performed "Midsummer New York" backed by Elephant's Memory for an episode of The Mike Douglas Show, which aired on 15 February.

Reception
Tim Ferris of Rolling Stone magazine gave a mixed review of Fly. He described Yoko's music as having "considerable potential" and being "serious work" which could be rewarding with "close attention" from the listener. Ferris praised the "top-rate" studio work of the musicians, and highlighted the songs "Mind Holes", "O' Wind" and "Mrs. Lennon", as well as the "fascinating" Joe Jones tracks on side three. However, he summarised by saying "all in all it just doesn't hold up", stating that Yoko and John should take a more "dispassionate" attitude towards producing her work, and feeling that no one involved in the making of the album had "asked hard questions about what is first-rate and what is not". Ferris felt that "Don't Worry Kyoko" and "Mind Train", despite being "livened by a strong rock accompaniment", did not show much progression from Yoko's first album and he did not rate the "Toilet Piece/Unknown" and "Telephone Piece" tracks highly.

Retrospective reviews of Fly in later years have been more positive. Ned Raggett of AllMusic stated that "Perhaps the best measure of Fly is how Ono ended up inventing Krautrock, or perhaps more seriously bringing the sense of motorik's pulse and slow-building tension to an English-language audience. There weren't many artists of her profile in America getting trancey, heavy-duty songs like "Mindtrain" and the murky ambient howls of "Airmale" out." In a review of the 2017 reissue, Aaron Badgley of The Spill Magazine praised the album and called it "complex" and a "a work of art", noting that if people took the time to listen to her music they would be surprised at how "brilliant and intelligent" it is. Badgley stated that "Don't Count the Waves" was "30 years ahead of [its] time" and highlighted "Mind Train" as a "brilliant piece that leaves you breathless." Marc Masters of Pitchfork named the 2017 reissue as "Best New Reissue" of the week along with Approximately Infinite Universe.

The album was a significant influence to British power electronics musician William Bennett of Whitehouse fame.

Track listing
All songs written by Yoko Ono.

For unknown reasons, John Lennon was credited as co-writer of "Mind Train", "Mind Holes", "Toilet Piece/Unknown" and "Telephone Piece" on the disc faces of the 1997 Rykodisc reissue. Lennon has not been credited as co-writer of these tracks on any other release of Fly.

Personnel

 * Yoko Ono – vocals, claves on "Airmale" and "Don't Count the Waves"
 * John Lennon – guitar, piano on "Mrs. Lennon", organ, automated music machines on "Airmale" and "Don't Count the Waves"
 * Klaus Voormann – guitar, bass guitar, bells on "Mrs. Lennon", cymbal on "O'Wind", percussion on "Don't Count the Waves"
 * Bobby Keys – claves on "O'Wind"
 * Eric Clapton – guitar on "Don't Worry, Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)"
 * Jim Keltner – drums, tabla, percussion
 * Ringo Starr – drums on "Don't Worry, Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)"
 * Jim Gordon – drums on "Hirake", tabla on "O'Wind"
 * Chris Osborne – dobro on "Midsummer New York" and "Mind Train"
 * Joe Jones – automated music machines on "Airmale", "Don't Count the Waves" and "You"
 * George Marino – mastering engineer

title: Fly (Yoko Ono album)


text:
Robert Nobel

Robert Hjalmar Nobel (, ; 4 August 1829 – 7 August 1896) was a Swedish businessman, industrialist and investor. He was the founder of Branobel, and a pioneer in the Russian oil industry.

Biography
Robert Nobel was born in Maria Magdalena parish in Stockholm, Sweden, the eldest son of Karolina Andrietta Ahlsell and her husband Immanuel Nobel. He was the brother of Emil Oscar Nobel, Ludvig Nobel and Alfred Nobel.

Robert Nobel started Branobel, an important early oil company which controlled a significant amount of Russian oil output. In 1873 he started his business in Baku, Azerbaijan and began to interest his brother Ludvig in the growing company. In 1876, he bought an interest in an oil refinery in Baku. In 1878, together with the third brother Alfred Nobel, the two brothers formed Naftabolaget Bröderna Nobel (Branobel).

In 1880, Ludvig took over the business because Robert's health was failing. Robert returned to Sweden to seek a cure. He applied to several seaside resorts in southern Europe before settling at Getå in Norrköping Municipality  during 1888. He died during 1896 and was buried at Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm.

title: Robert Nobel


text: User talk:Cody88

title: User talk:Cody88


text:
Talk:Charles Waring Darwin (infant)

This article may be merged with that concerning Charles Darwin. I, however, intend to add more details concerning Darwin's treatment of CWD and his reaction to his death.

 * While full notice was given on this page, no notice was given on Charles Darwin that I am aware of. That article is already rather large, and inappropriate as a redirect for the other articles linked to this page. It should also be noted that CD's fears of inbreeding related to several of his children: I've trimmed CD, but added this point to the family section....dave souza 17:26, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Spanish language source
Geraldo Salgado Neto e Aquilea Salgado.Sir Francis Galton e os extremos superiores da curva normal. Vol. 45 (1). 2011. http://www.cfh.ufsc.br/~revista/rch45-1/RCH45-1_artigo_10.pdf – obviously not used as a source for the text, would a translator care to comment? . . dave souza, talk 23:07, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charles Waring Darwin (infant)


text:
Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen

Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen, was a significant court case decided in the High Court of Australia on 11 May 1982. It concerned the constitutional validity of parts of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, and the discriminatory acts of the Government of Queensland in blocking the purchase of land by Aboriginal people in northern Queensland.

Background to the case
John Koowarta, the plaintiff, was an Aboriginal Australian man, a member of the Wik nation. The Wik peoples were the Indigenous inhabitants of the Aurukun region of the Cape York Peninsula. In 1974, Koowarta and a number of other stockmen planned to purchase the Archer River cattle station, which covered much of the Wik peoples' traditional homeland, using funds provided by the Aboriginal Land Fund Commission. They approached Remington Rand, an American businessman who owned the station by way of a pastoral lease, who agreed to sell the lease to them. In February 1976, the Commission made a contract to purchase the property, but before the sale could be completed, it was blocked by the Government of Queensland.

Joh Bjelke-Petersen, the Premier of Queensland at the time, did not approve of the sale, because he did not believe that Aboriginal people should be able to acquire large areas of land, a view which was reflected in official cabinet policy. As such, he had directed the Queensland Minister of Lands not to approve the sale. Koowarta initially made a complaint to the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, on the basis that blocking the sale was discriminatory. The Commission upheld Koowarta's complaint, but the Queensland Government appealed to the Supreme Court of Queensland. The Queensland Government also brought a separate action against the Government of Australia, arguing that they had no power to pass the Racial Discrimination Act, and as such, the case was moved to the High Court.

Arguments
Koowarta presented a case to the Human Rights Commission opposing the policy enacted by the Queensland Government, to block Aboriginal acquisition of large areas of land, arguing that it was discriminatory under sections 9 and 12 of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975. Section 9 makes it unlawful for any person to make a distinction based on race which interferes with another person's human rights. Section 12 makes it unlawful for any person to refuse to sell land to another person, or refuse to allow them to occupy the land, based on their race.

Bjelke-Petersen, on behalf of the Queensland Government, argued that the Racial Discrimination Act was not valid, and that the Australian Government had no power to make it. Section 51 of the Australian Constitution defines the powers of the Australian Government, and Bjelke-Petersen argued that subsection xxvi of that section, which allows the Parliament of Australia to make laws for "the people of any race, for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws," did not apply to the Act, since it prohibited discrimination against people of all races.

The 'race' power
The most important question in the case was whether the Racial Discrimination Act was valid. Section 51(xxvi) of the Australian Constitution, which allows the Commonwealth to make laws for the people of any race, originally made a specific exclusion for Aboriginal people. However, this exception was removed in the 1967 referendum on Aboriginal people, and since then, the Commonwealth had power to make laws for Aboriginal people. However, the wording did not mean that only laws benefiting people of any race could be passed; in fact, the section was originally designed to allow the Commonwealth to discriminate against the people of any race. Nevertheless, the court agreed that the Commonwealth could make laws prohibiting discrimination against the people of any race.

However, the court found that the Act addressed racial discrimination against all people, not just the people of one particular race. As such, the Act had no basis in the 'any race' power.

External affairs power
The court agreed that the Racial Discrimination Act was intended to give effect within Australia to the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), which Australia had signed on 13 October 1966. Section 51(xxix) of the Australian Constitution, which simply states that the Parliament has power to make laws with respect to "external affairs" (a term which is left undefined), was put forward as an alternative source of authority for the Act. The Commonwealth in a submission argued that since the Act gave effect to Australia's international obligations as a signatory to the CERD, it came under the external affairs power.

An important question was whether the Act could truly be regarded as an "external affair", since it applied entirely within Australia. There had already been a number of High Court cases which approved the use of the external affairs power to implement international treaties (such as the Paris Convention case and the Seas and Submerged Lands case). The court recognised that the external affairs power was not restricted only to matters outside of Australia, but it was still questionable whether it applied to matters that did not involve foreigners or other countries at all. The Commonwealth argued that it would affect Australia's international reputation if it were not able to carry out its obligations as a signatory to the Convention.

Judgment

By a majority of six to one, the court found that the Racial Discrimination Act was not valid under the "race" power. However, by a narrow majority of four to three, the court also found that the Act was within the "external affairs" power.

Three judges (Gibbs, Aickin, and Wilson) adopted a very narrow view, endorsing a test proposed by Dixon, J in R v Burgess; ex parte Henry, which focuses on whether a treaty is "indisputably international". They also suggested that reading the external affairs power too widely would destroy the balance of powers between the Commonwealth and the States. They felt that the external affairs power had to be read in light of federalism in the Constitution. In effect, they proposed that any treaty had to meet an additional test and be 'indisputably international in character'. Their view was therefore concerned with the subject matter of racial discrimination. In this case, the legislation was not sufficient to satisfy their test, and they held that the legislation was not valid.

Three other judges (Mason, Murphy, Brennan) took a wide view, saying that the mere existence of a treaty obligation was sufficient to render the matter an 'external affair', regardless of the particular subject in question. This view was therefore not concerned with the international character of racial discrimination, but with the activity of treaty-making. Justice Murphy, characterised the arguments advanced by the states as an attempt to resurrect the reserved state powers doctrine rejected in the 1920 Engineers' Case, and said that without the ability to implement treaties, Australia would be an "international cripple". Here, Australia clearly had obligations under the treaty, and as such the legislation was valid.

The deciding opinion was that of Ninian Stephen, who ultimately agreed with Mason, Murphy and Brennan on the facts, but took a somewhat narrow middle path in order to arrive at the same conclusion. He adopted a test based on whether or not the subject matter of the treaty being implemented is of 'international concern'. This test was not as broad as the wide view, and not as restrictive as the 'indisputably international' test. On the facts, Stephen found that the prevention of racial discrimination was indeed a matter of international concern, and as such the Racial Discrimination Act was valid.

In total, four judges held the legislation was valid under the external affairs power, but there was not a majority of judges agreeing on the test for determining validity. As a result, there was no clear ratio decidendi in the case; at best, a majority of the court might hold that s51(xxix) would support legislation implementing treaties with subject-matter of 'international concern'.

Consequences
The case upheld the validity of the Racial Discrimination Act, and endorsed the Australian Government's use of the "external affairs" power to implement treaties not directly relating to other countries, an interpretation that would later become important in cases such as the Tasmanian Dam case, where a majority of four judges would adopt the reasoning favoured by Mason, Murphy and Brennan in this case. In another later case, the Industrial Relations Act case, a majority of five judges endorsed the same reasoning, thus cementing its place in Australian law.

The main part of the case, relating to the Queensland Government's action in blocking Koowarta's purchase of the lease, was remitted to the Supreme Court of Queensland. The decision there was eventually made in 1988, in favour of Koowarta. The sale was to proceed, but at the last minute, Bjelke-Petersen, in an act described by Australian Conservation Foundation councillor Kevin Guy as one of "spite and prejudice," declared the Archer River property a national park, the Archer Bend National Park (now known as Oyala Thumotang National Park), to ensure that no one could ever own it. However, on 6 October 2010 Premier Anna Bligh announced that a 75000 ha portion of the park would be given over to the Wik-Mungkana peoples as freehold land.

title: Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen


text:
You're the Top

"You're the Top" is a list song by Cole Porter, from the 1934 musical Anything Goes. It is about a man and a woman who take turns complimenting each other. The best-selling version was Paul Whiteman's Victor single, which made the top five. It was the most popular song from Anything Goes at the time, with hundreds of parodies. Some of the lyrics were re-written by P. G. Wodehouse for the British version of Anything Goes. Composer Robert Kapilow refers to "You're the Top" as one of Porter's greatest songs.

Composition
Porter is believed to have written the song in Paris, while eating dinner at the Le Bœuf sur le toit with Lela Emery, the wife of Alastair Mackintosh. The two of them spent the time amusing themselves with a word game, "making up a list of superlatives that rhymed."

People and items referenced in the song
The following is a list of the references used in the version recorded by Cole Porter on November 26, 1934:

 * Colosseum
 * Louvre Museum
 * Melody from a symphony by Strauss
 * Bendel bonnet
 * Shakespeare's sonnets
 * Mickey Mouse
 * The Nile
 * The Tower of Pisa
 * The smile on the Mona Lisa
 * Mahatma Gandhi
 * Napoleon Brandy
 * Purple light of a summer night in Spain
 * National Gallery
 * Garbo's salary (alternately recorded as "Crosby's salary", a reference to Bing Crosby, who twice starred in film versions of Anything Goes)
 * Cellophane
 * Turkey dinner
 * The time of a Derby winner
 * Arrow collar
 * Coolidge Dollar (referencing the financial prosperity of the Roaring Twenties under US President Coolidge)
 * The nimble tread of the feet of Fred Astaire
 * O'Neill drama
 * Whistler's Mother
 * Camembert
 * Rose
 * Dante's Inferno
 * The nose of Jimmy Durante
 * Waldorf salad
 * Berlin ballad
 * A Dutch Master
 * Mrs. Astor: Mary Astor, Lady Astor, Caroline Schermerhorn Astor, or Ellen Tuck French
 * Pepsodent
 * Steppes of Russia
 * The pants on a Roxy usher

The 1934 recording with Cole Porter's vocals and piano is available on a CD -- Cole Porter: A Centennial Collection (track 18 of 20), Sony Legacy, CD release 2007

Additional references in other versions of the song:

 * Dance in Bali
 * Hot tamale
 * A painting by Botticelli
 * John Keats
 * Percy Bysshe Shelley
 * Ovaltine
 * Boulder Dam
 * The Moon
 * Mae West's shoulder
 * The nominee of the G.O.P. (Republican Party, which won the presidential elections of 1920, 1924 and 1928)
 * Zuider Zee
 * Broccoli (which had only recently become well known in the US)
 * Ritz hot toddy
 * Brewster body
 * Bishop Manning
 * Nathan panning
 * A night at Coney
 * The eyes of Irène Bordoni
 * Tower of Babel
 * Whitney stable
 * Stein of beer
 * A dress from Saks Fifth Avenue
 * Next year's taxes
 * Stratosphere
 * Max Baer
 * Russian ballet
 * Rudy Vallée
 * Phenolax (a 1930s laxative made from phenolphthalein)
 * Drumstick lipstick
 * Irish Sweepstakes
 * Vincent Youmans

P. G. Wodehouse anglicised it for the British version of Anything Goes. Among other changes, he altered two lines from "You’re an O’Neill drama / You’re Whistler’s mama!" to "You’re Mussolini / You’re Mrs Sweeny" (both figures, later notorious, were widely admired at the time)

Versions of the song

 * In 1985, a series of Heinz Tomato Ketchup commercials in Canada featured various cover versions of the song as their jingle.
 * In John Mortimer's novel Paradise Postponed (1985) and the television series of the same name (Euston Films, 1986): A rendering of the song by a fictitious performer, Pinky Pinkerton, includes the line, "You're my Lady Grace", which signifies Lady Grace Fanner in the story.

Parodies
Porter biographer William McBrien wrote that at the height of its popularity in 1934 to 1935 it had become a "popular pastime" to create parodies of the lyrics. Porter, who himself had called the song "just a trick" the public would get bored by, was flooded with hundreds of parodies, one reportedly written by Irving Berlin. Despite the ribald nature of some of the parodies, McBrien believes a few, including a King Kong parody, were written by Porter or Berlin.

title: You're the Top


text: File:Strappingyoungladalien.jpg

title: File:Strappingyoungladalien.jpg


text:
Talk:List of Dischord Records bands

Untitled
What is this list about? Can "Dischord Records" be explained for ignorant like me? Pavel Vozenilek 03:39, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Category
Shouldn't this be a category instead? *shrugs* Ash Lux 00:09, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

Redundant
With Dischord Records catalog and Category:Dischord Records artists, this page seems pretty redundant. Anyone mind if I have it deleted? Drewcifer (talk) 09:50, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Dischord Records bands


text:
Talk:Fly (Yoko Ono album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ono-Fly.gif
Image:Ono-Fly.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 17:24, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fly (Yoko Ono album)


text:
Moto Racer

Moto Racer, mislabeled as Moto Racer Gold, is an arcade style motorcycle racing game developed by Delphine Software International and published by Electronic Arts for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation. The game was originally to be published by BMG Interactive, but after BMG closed down its U.S. operations it sold the publication rights to Electronic Arts. Critics hailed the game as the first outstanding arcade-style racer to appear on PC, and the PlayStation version in turn was called a strong conversion in reviews.

Gameplay
Players race on either a motocross bike or street bike, depending on the track. The PC version features a total of eight tracks, four of which are unlockable, while the PlayStation version adds two tracks for a total of ten. A multiplayer option is also available, allowing two players to compete over a LAN or Internet on the PC or split screen on the PlayStation version. The single player modes include "Time Attack" and "Championship". The most laps a player can do is eight on the Practice Race.

Reception
The game received favorable reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website GameRankings.

Next Generation said in an early review of the PC version that it "fills the vacant niche of the PC motorcycle racing genre admirably. With luck, more titles will use Direct3D as this one does." PC Gamer similarly said that the game does an exceptional job of satisfying PC gamers' previously unfulfilled desire for an arcade racer, summarizing that it "blends together all the great aspects of the genre into an experience that redefines fun. From ultra-fast graphics to heavenly control, this game delivers on all counts." He added that the game's visuals are impressive even without the use of a 3D accelerator card, and the multiplayer options and unlockables give it a higher replay value than most of the competition.

Critics widely praised the PlayStation version for its sharp graphics    and strong sense of speed. Tim Soete of GameSpot remarked that "the gut-turning velocities achieved during parts of the game - and the requirement that your reflexes one-up this pace - is definitely where the challenge lies in Moto Racer." The vast majority also applauded the controls, particularly when using analog joypads. Jay Boor of IGN disagreed, saying the realism and precision of the bike's handling frustrated him. Crispin Boyer of Electronic Gaming Monthly (EGM) acknowledged that while the game is too easy on easy difficulty, medium difficulty is rather unforgiving, but he and co-reviewers John Ricciardi and Kelly Rickards found this outweighed by the strong controls and overall fun of the game. EGM guest reviewer David Siller gave Moto Racer one of its few negative reviews, citing poor track design. GamePro gave it a 4.5 out of 5 in both control and sound and a perfect 5 in graphics and fun factor, citing the exhilarating sense of speed, "instant onscreen responsiveness" of the controls, low-key musical score, and variety of tracks and options.

Reviewers for IGN and Next Generation agreed that the PlayStation port, while clearly inferior to the PC version in terms of graphics, is an exemplary conversion given the PlayStation's limitations and provides the same essential gaming experience as the PC original. Next Generation said, "Although perhaps not quite as technically proficient as the PC version, Moto Racer for PlayStation loses nothing in the essence of the gaming experience it offers. A remarkable achievement."

During the inaugural Interactive Achievement Awards, the PlayStation version of Moto Racer received a nomination for "Console Racing Game of the Year" by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences.

Sequels and spin-offs
Several sequels and spin-offs followed, including Moto Racer 2, Moto Racer World Tour, Moto Racer 3, Moto Racer 4, Moto Racer Advance and Moto Racer DS.

Remake
In 2011, Anuman and Nobilis released a remake called Moto Racer 15th Anniversary for iOS and Microsoft Windows.

title: Moto Racer


text:
Talk:Bobby Hamilton

Factually Accurate?
The article reads: He also had an memorable win at the Talladega 500 in April 2001 driving the #55 car for owner Andy Petree. The entire 500-mile race was run caution-free and was under intense scrutiny, being the first superspeedway race run since the death of Dale Earnhardt at the 2001 Daytona 500 two months earlier, and therefore run under special rules including the use of restrictor plates and special aerodynamics templates to slow the cars down and force them to run in large packs. They had been running those same restrictor plates and aero package since the 2000 spring race at Talladega. I don't think they changed anything for this race.Mustang6172 02:57, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * No, they didn't change anything for this race, but the aero package was under scrutiny because many blamed it for Earnhardt's death. --Zpb52 03:23, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Childhood
I was thinking mention should be made of his childhood and teen years. Bobby was either orphaned or abandoned early in his life and quit school at 13. I remember him telling a story of having a gun held to his head at one point while he ran the family junkyard. I think it's important to show from where he came to be a NASCAR champion. If nobody adds this soon, I'll look up the specifics and finish it out later this week. Senna27 03:05, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Recent news stories from the Nashville papers suggest that Bobby changed his will prior to his death, leaving his racing team to 'his girl friend.' The same stories say that the 'girl friend' has put let all the team go, and has put the truck team up for sale. Someone with access to the Nashville news media may want to check this out. I live in Hong Kong, so I can't right now.

title: Talk:Bobby Hamilton


text:
Polyketone

Polyketones are a family of high-performance thermoplastic polymers. The polar ketone groups in the polymer backbone of these materials gives rise to a strong attraction between polymer chains, which increases the material's melting point (255 °C for copolymer (carbon monoxide ethylene), 220 °C for terpolymer (carbon monoxide, ethylene, propylene). Trade names include Poketone, Carilon, Karilon, Akrotek, and Schulaketon. Such materials also tend to resist solvents and have good mechanical properties. Unlike many other engineering plastics, aliphatic polyketones such as Shell Chemicals' Carilon are relatively easy to synthesize and can be derived from inexpensive monomers. Carilon is made with a palladium(II) catalyst from ethylene and carbon monoxide. A small fraction of the ethylene is generally replaced with propylene to reduce the melting point somewhat. Shell Chemical commercially launched Carilon thermoplastic polymer in the U.S. in 1996, but discontinued it in 2000. Hyosung announced that they would launch production in 2015.

Industrial production
The ethylene-carbon monoxide co-polymer is most significant. Industrially, this polymer is synthesized either as a methanol slurry, or via a gas phase reaction with immobilized catalysts.

Initiation and termination
Where external initiation is not employed for the methanol system, initiation can take place via methanolysis of the palladium(II) precursor, giving either a methoxide or a hydride complex. Termination occurs also by methanolysis. Depending on the end of the growing polymer chain, this results in either an ester or a ketone end group, and regenerating the palladium methoxide or hydride catalysts respectively.

Propagation
A mechanism for the propagation of this reaction using a palladium(II)-phenanthroline catalyst has been proposed by Maurice Brookhart:

 * Mechanism of co-polymerization of ethylene and carbon monoxide.png

Polyketones are noted for having extremely low defects (double ethylene insertions or double carbonyl insertions, in red):

 * Perfect co-polymerization of ethylene and carbon monoxide.png

The activation barrier to give double carbonyl insertions is very high, so it does not occur. Brookhart's mechanistic studies show that the concentration of the alkyl-ethylene palladium complex required to give double ethylene insertions is very low at any one point:

 * Binding affinity of Pd for CO and C2H4 (Brookhart).png

Additionally, the Gibbs energy of activation of the alkyl-ethylene insertion is ~ 3 kcal/mol higher than the corresponding activation barrier for the alkyl-carbon monoxide insertion. As a result, defects occur at an extremely low rate (~ 1 part per million). The industrially-relevant palladium-dppp catalyst has also been investigated.

Importance of bidentate ligands
Where palladium(II) pre-catalysts bearing monodentate phosphine ligands are used in methanol, a relatively high fraction of methyl propionate is produced. In comparison, where chelating diphosphine ligands are used, this side-product is absent. This observation is rationalized: the bis(phosphine) complex can undergo cis-trans isomerization to give the sterically favored trans isomer. The propionyl ligand is now trans- to the open coordination site or ethylene ligand, and is unable to undergo migratory insertion. Instead, solvolysis by methanol occurs, which gives the undesired methyl propionate side-product.

 * Cis-trans isomerization of Pd complex to give methyl propionate.png

Whereas much effort has involved discrete palladium complexes, an example in the patent literature claims that a combination of Lewis acid (aluminum, iron, or titanium halide) and a source of palladium (as a salt or the metal) is effective for making polyketone.

title: Polyketone


text:
User:Bratsche/monobook.js

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Wiki.user = Wiki.href.indexOf( 'User:' ) != -1; // make more robust Wiki.talk = Wiki.href.indexOf( 'User_talk:' ) != -1; // make more robust Wiki.spec = Wiki.href.indexOf( 'Special:' ) != -1;

Wiki.recentchanges = Wiki.href.indexOf( 'Special:Recentchanges'  ) != -1 || Wiki.href.indexOf( 'Special%3ARecentchanges' ) != -1 ; }

//	Pass actions from one page to the next via //	window.name; which is faster and easier than //	using a cookie. //		function PassItOn( _action_ ) {	if ( _action_ ) window.name = 'wpFuncAction=' + _action_; else {	var hack = window.name; window.name = ''; if ( ! hack.indexOf( 'wpFuncAction=' ) ) {	hack = hack.substr( 13 ); if ( hack == 'lastdiff' ) {	if ( Wiki.quer ) window.location.href += '&diff=0'; else window.location.href += '?diff=0'; }					// more to come.... }			}		}

function wpFuncPreLoad {		WikiInit;		//	Global Wiki object. PassItOn;		//	Do we need to be somewhere else? }	wpFuncPreLoad;

//	Remind me to ask the developers to throw //	unique IDs onto important elements!!! //			function GetByClass( className, tagName, elemObj ) {	var i, filter, found = []; elemObj = elemObj || document; if ( tagName ) {	filter = elemObj.getElementsByTagName( tagName ); for ( i = 0; i < filter.length; i++ ) if ( filter[ i ].className == className ) found.push( filter[ i ] ); }				else // blah, do it when I need it				{ }				return found; }

function SP(x) {	var i, s = ''; x = x || 1; while ( x-- ) s += ' '; return document.createTextNode( s ); }			function NB(x) {	var i, s = ''; x = x || 1; while ( x-- ) s += '\xA0'; return document.createTextNode( s ); }			function BR{ return document.createElement( 'br' ) }

function NewLink( txt, url, plainlinks, linkColor ) {	var a = document.createElement( 'a' ); a.appendChild( document.createTextNode( txt ) ); a.href = url; if ( plainlinks ) a.className = 'plainlinks'; if ( linkColor ) {	if ( typeof linkColor == "string" ) a.style.color = linkColor; else	a.style.color = '#FF0000'; // old default behavior }				return a;			}

function RCPatrol // for admins, (working on a non-admin version) {			var table, TDs, otitle, ntitle, prevLink, currLink, link, rollback, contribs, block;

var tr, td;

if ( Wiki.diff ) {					//	 					//				table = GetByClass( 'diff', 'table', document.getElementById( 'bodyContent' ) )[ 0 ]; TDs = table.getElementsByTagName( 'td' );

otitle = TDs[ 0 ];	//	 ntitle = TDs[ 1 ];	//

olinks = otitle.getElementsByTagName( 'a' ); nlinks = ntitle.getElementsByTagName( 'a' );

prevLink = olinks[ 0 ];	//	"Revision as of..." prevUser = olinks[ 1 ];	//	"255.255.255.255" contribs = olinks[ 3 ];	//	"contributions" currLink = nlinks[ 0 ];	//	"Current Revision" rollback = nlinks[ 4 ];	//	"rollback" may not exist!!! if ( ! rollback || rollback.href.indexOf( 'action=rollback' ) == -1 ) rollback = null;

prevLink.parentNode.appendChild( NB(2) ); link = NewLink( 'EDIT', prevLink.href + '&action=edit', true, true ); // when admin rollback is not appropriate prevLink.parentNode.appendChild( link );

if ( rollback ) {	currLink.parentNode.appendChild( NB(2) ); link = NewLink( 'ROLLBACK', rollback.href, true, true ); link.onclick = function{ PassItOn( 'lastdiff' ) }; currLink.parentNode.appendChild( link ); }

//	green yellow  red //	 log   ??? !!!

user = prevUser.firstChild.nodeValue;

link = NewLink( '!!!', '/w/index.php?title=Special:Blockip&ip=' + user, true, '#FF0000' ); contribs.parentNode.insertBefore( link, contribs.nextSibling ); contribs.parentNode.insertBefore( NB(2), contribs.nextSibling );

link = NewLink( '???', '/wiki/Special:Ipblocklist?action=search&ip=' + user, true, '#AAAA00' ); contribs.parentNode.insertBefore( link, contribs.nextSibling ); contribs.parentNode.insertBefore( NB(2), contribs.nextSibling );

link = NewLink( 'log', '/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&page=User%3A' + user, true, '#00AA00' ); contribs.parentNode.insertBefore( link, contribs.nextSibling ); contribs.parentNode.insertBefore( NB(2), contribs.nextSibling );

contribs.parentNode.insertBefore( contribs.previousSibling.cloneNode(true), contribs.nextSibling ); // ' | ' }			else if ( Wiki.edit ) {				gEditForm = document.getElementById( 'editform' ); gTextBox = gEditForm[ 'wpTextbox1' ]; gSummary = gEditForm[ 'wpSummary' ]; gMinorBox = gEditForm[ 'wpMinoredit' ]; gWatchBox = gEditForm[ 'wpWatchthis' ];

var addtexts = document.createElement( 'div' );

function Inserter( seeText, addText, editSum, addLoc, color, submit ) // local function {					var a = NewLink( seeText, '', true, color ); a.addText = addText; a.addLoc = addLoc || 8; // 2 == top; 5 == insertion-loc; 8 == bottom a.editSum = editSum || ''; a.submit = submit || false;

a.onclick = function {								 if ( this.addLoc == 8 ) gTextBox.value += this.addText; else if ( this.addLoc == 2 ) gTextBox.value = this.addText + gTextBox.value; else /* this.addLoc == 5; Safari problems */ ; gMinorBox.checked = true; gWatchBox.checked = false;

if ( this.editSum ) gSummary.value += this.editSum;

if ( this.submit ) gEditForm.submit;

return false; }					return a;				} if ( Wiki.talk ) // here is where we tell the vandals to piss off {					var kTest = '#0000AA', // blue kWarn = '#00AA00', // green kFinal = '#AAAA00', // yellow kBlock = '#AA0000'; // red

var tableTags = [	[	[ 'test', 'test' ], [ 'test2', 'test 2', 'test2a', 'test 2a' ], // special case [ 'test3', 'test 3' ], [ 'test4', 'final warning' ], [ 'bbblock`', 'blocked' ] ],							[	null, [ 'blanking', 'blanking' ], [ 'blanking2', 'blanking 2' ], [ 'blanking3', 'final warning' ], [ 'blanking4', 'blocked' ] ],							[	[ 'drmafd', 'removing AFDs' ], [ 'drmafd2', 'removing AFDs, 2nd' ], [ 'drmafd3', 'removing AFDs, 3rd' ], [ 'drmafd4', 'final warning' ], [ 'drmafd5', 'blocked' ] ],							[	[ 'spam', 'spam' ], [ 'spam2', 'spammer' ], [ 'spam2a', 'repeated spamming' ], [ 'spam3', 'final warning' ], [ 'spam4', 'blocked' ] ],							[	[ 'verror', 'test' ], [ 'verror2', 'test 2' ], [ 'verror3', 'test 3' ], [ 'verror4', 'final warning' ], [ 'verror5', 'blocked' ] ],							[	null, null, [ '3RR', '3RR warning' ], [ '3RR2', 'final 3RR warning' ], [ '3RR3', 'blocked for 3RR' ] ],							[	null, null, [ 'attack', 'personal attacks' ], null, null ]						];

table = document.createElement( 'table' );

//	Formatting //					table.style.fontSize = 'x-small';

var i, j, a, color; for ( i = 0; i < tableTags.length; i++ ) {	tr = document.createElement( 'tr' ); a = tableTags[ i ]; for ( j = 0; j < 5; j++ ) {	td = document.createElement( 'td' ); color =	( j == 0 ) ? kTest : ( j < 3 ) ? kWarn : ( j == 3 ) ? kFinal : kBlock ; if ( a[ j ] ) {	td.appendChild(									Inserter( a[ j ][ 0 ], // click on text ' ~\n\n', // insert this text a[ j ][ 1 ], // edit summary text 8, // insert at end color )								);								td.appendChild( NB ); td.appendChild(									Inserter( '!', // click on text ' ~\n\n', // insert this text a[ j ][ 1 ], // edit summary text 8, // insert at end color, true // auto-sumbit )								);								if ( a[ j ][ 2 ] ) // 2 links in one cell, ie: test2a {	td.appendChild( BR ); td.appendChild(Inserter(a[j][2],' ~\n\n',a[j][3],8,color)); td.appendChild( NB ); td.appendChild(Inserter('!',' ~\n\n',a[j][3],8,color,true)); }							}							else td.appendChild( NB ); tr.appendChild( td ); }						table.appendChild( tr ); }

addtexts.appendChild( table );

var span = document.createElement( 'span' ); span.style.fontSize = 'x-small';

span.appendChild(Inserter('Welcomenpov',' ~\n\n','pov',8,'#0000AA')); span.appendChild(NB); span.appendChild(Inserter('!',' ~\n\n','pov',8,'#0000AA',true)); span.appendChild( NB(4) );

span.appendChild(Inserter('nothanks|PAGE','PAGE ~\n\n','copyvio',8,'#0000AA')); span.appendChild( NB(4) );

span.appendChild(Inserter('vanity|PAGE','PAGE ~\n\n','WP:NOT',8,'#0000AA')); span.appendChild( NB(4) );

addtexts.appendChild( span ); }				gEditForm.parentNode.insertBefore( addtexts, gEditForm ); }			else if ( Wiki.recentchanges ) {					//	Hide the annoying stuff at the top...don't need it when I'm on patrol //				table = document.getElementById( 'bodyContent' ).getElementsByTagName( 'table' )[ 0 ]; table.style.display = 'none';

}

//	'Hide' link next to 'Recent changes' link in the nav portlet //			li = NavMenu.items[ 'n-recentchanges' ]; li.firstChild.firstChild.nodeValue = 'RC\xA0Patrol'; // need the space li.appendChild( NewLink( 'Anons', '/w/index.php?title=Special:Recentchanges&hideliu=1&limit=500' ) ); }

//	Due to problems with Safari, this CURRENTLY will only insert at the END for now. //			function FieldInsert( field, text, _where_ ) {				field.value += text; }

function PortletMenu( id )	//	constructor {			this.port = document.getElementById( id ); this.menu = this.port.getElementsByTagName( 'ul' )[ 0 ];

this.menu.style.textTransform = 'none'; // override the CSS

this.items = {}; this.links = {};

var i, o, items = this.menu.getElementsByTagName( 'li' );

for ( i = 0; i < items.length; i++ ) {					//	now with sanity checks //				if ( ( o = items[ i ] ) ) {	this.items[ o.id ] = o;					if ( o.firstChild && o.firstChild.href ) {						this.links[ o.id ] = o.firstChild; this.links[ o.id ].style.textTransform = 'none'; // I could do this in the .css... }				}			}

this.register = function( id, txt, url )	//	internal, basically {	var li = document.createElement( 'li' ); li.id = id; var a = NewLink( txt, url ); li.appendChild( a ); this.items[ id ] = li; this.links[ id ] = a; a.style.textTransform = 'none'; // I hate css so much.... return li; }

this.append = function( id, txt, url ) {	this.menu.appendChild( this.register( id, txt, url ) ); };

this.insert = function( before, id, txt, url ) {	this.menu.insertBefore( this.register( id, txt, url ), this.items[ before ] ); };

this.follow = function( after, id, txt, url ) {	this.menu.insertBefore( this.register( id, txt, url ), this.items[ after ].nextSibling ); }

this.getText = function( id     ){ return this.links[ id ].firstChild.nodeValue       }; this.setText = function( id, txt ){       this.links[ id ].firstChild.nodeValue = txt };

this.getHref = function( id     ){ return this.links[ id ].href       }; this.setHref = function( id, url ){       this.links[ id ].href = url }; }

function PageActions {	//	ca-nstab-main		Article			/wiki/PAGE     | /w/...action=edit //	ca-nstab-user		User page		/wiki/User:USER | /w/...action=edit //	ca-article			Special Page	(I find 'ca-article' slightly ironic, since it isn't.) //			//	ca-talk				Discussion		/wiki/Talk:... User_talk... /w/...action=edit //			//	ca-edit				Edit this page	/w/...action=edit //	ca-addsection		+				/w/...action=edit&section=new //	ca-viewsource		View source		/w/...action=edit //			//	ca-history			History			/w/...action=history //			//	ca-protect			Protect			/w/...action=protect //	ca-delete			Delete			/w/...action=delete //			//	ca-move				Move			Special:Movepage/PAGE //			//	ca-watch			Watch			/w/...action=watch //	ca-unwatch			Unwatch			/w/...action=unwatch //			//		User Talk  Edits  Logs    Edit  0  +  History  Diff  Protect  Delete  Move    Watch  Logs  Purge //		Page Talk                 Edit  0     History  Diff  Protect  Delete  Move    Watch  Logs  Purge

//	As an admin, I'm not sure when this would be nessesary.... //			var edit = PageMenu.items[ 'ca-viewsource' ] ? 'ca-viewsource' : 'ca-edit';

//	I need the space. //			if ( PageMenu.items[ 'ca-talk' ]      ) PageMenu.setText( 'ca-talk', 'Talk' ); if ( PageMenu.items[ 'ca-edit' ]      ) PageMenu.setText( 'ca-edit', 'Edit' ); if ( PageMenu.items[ 'ca-viewsource' ] ) PageMenu.setText( 'ca-viewsource', 'View' );

//	Move the offset from off of the right of ca-talk to the left of ca-edit //				//		from /skins-1.5/monobook/main.css : //				//		/* offsets to distinguish the tab groups */ //		li#ca-talk { margin-right: 1.6em; } //		li#ca-watch, li#ca-unwatch, li#ca-varlang-0, li#ca-print { margin-left: 1.6em; } //			if ( PageMenu.items[ 'ca-talk' ] ) {				PageMenu.items[ 'ca-talk' ].style.marginRight = '0.3em'; // ??? how to just go back to the browser's default ??? PageMenu.items[    edit  ].style.marginLeft  = '1.6em'; }

if ( PageMenu.items[ 'ca-nstab-user' ] ) {				PageMenu.setText( 'ca-nstab-user', 'User' );

//	User: or User talk: //				var user = document.getElementsByTagName( 'h1' )[ 0 ].firstChild.nodeValue; user = user.substr( user.indexOf( ':' ) + 1 );

if ( user.indexOf( '/' ) != -1 )	//	subpage user = user.split( '/' )[ 0 ];

PageMenu.insert( edit, 'ca-edits', 'Edits', '/wiki/Special:Contributions/' + user ); PageMenu.insert( edit, 'ca-logs', 'Active Logs',  '/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&user=' + user ); }

if ( PageMenu.items[ 'ca-nstab-main' ] ) PageMenu.setText( 'ca-nstab-main', 'Page' );

if ( PageMenu.items[ edit ] ) {					//	This is so cool...I wish I knew who Bratsche stole it from. :)					//				PageMenu.follow( edit, 'ca-sec0', 'Sec=0', PageMenu.links[ edit ] + '&section=0' );			}

if ( PageMenu.items[ 'ca-history' ] )	//	if it has a history, then it is purgable {				PageMenu.follow( 'ca-history', 'ca-lastdiff', 'Diff',					PageMenu.links[ 'ca-history' ].href.replace( /action=history/, 'diff=0' ) );

var page = document.getElementsByTagName( 'h1' )[ 0 ].firstChild.nodeValue; if ( ! page.indexOf( 'Editing ' ) ) page = page.substr( 8 ); PageMenu.append( 'ca-logs', 'Passive Logs', '/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&page=' + page );

PageMenu.append( 'ca-purge', 'Purge',					PageMenu.links[ 'ca-history' ].href.replace( /action=history/, 'action=purge' ) ); }		}		function UserActions {	//	default: //		pt-userpage		Func				"/wiki/User:Func" //		pt-mytalk		My talk				"/wiki/User_talk:Func" //		pt-preferences	Preferences			"/wiki/Special:Preferences" //		pt-watchlist	My watchlist		"/wiki/Special:Watchlist" //		pt-mycontris	My contributions	"/wiki/Special:Contributions/Func" //		pt-logout		Log out				"/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogout&returnto=PAGE" //			//	want: //		pt-userpage		Func	"/wiki/User:Func" //	*	pt-userdiff		=0		"/wiki/User:Func?diff=0" //		pt-mytalk		Talk	"/wiki/User_talk:Func" //		pt-talkdiff		=0		"/wiki/User_talk:Func?diff=0" //		pt-preferences	Prefs	"/wiki/Special:Preferences" //		pt-watchlist	Watch	"/wiki/Special:Watchlist" //	*	pt-watchedit	List	"/wiki/Special:Watchlist/edit" //		pt-mycontris	Edits	"/wiki/Special:Contributions/Func" //	*	pt-logs			Logs	"/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&user=Func" //	*	pt-kate			Kate	"http://kohl.wikimedia.org/~kate/cgi-bin/count_edits?user=Func&dbname=enwiki" //	*	pt-irc			#IRC	"irc://irc.freenode.net/wikipedia" //		pt-logout		Out		"/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogout&returnto=PAGE" //	*	pt-utc			(utc)	"javascript:..."

UserMenu.setText( 'pt-mytalk',     'Talk'  ); UserMenu.setText( 'pt-preferences', 'Prefs' ); UserMenu.setText( 'pt-watchlist',  'Watch' ); UserMenu.setText( 'pt-mycontris',  'Edits' ); UserMenu.setText( 'pt-logout',     'Out'   );

UserMenu.insert( 'pt-mytalk',     'pt-userdiff',  '=0', '/wiki/User:Bratsche?diff=0' ); UserMenu.insert( 'pt-mytalk',     'pt-usertwo',   'User2', '/wiki/User:Bratsche/User2' ); UserMenu.insert( 'pt-mytalk', 'pt-usertwodiff',  '=0', '/wiki/User:Bratsche/User2?diff=0' ); UserMenu.insert( 'pt-preferences', 'pt-talkdiff', '=0', '/wiki/User_talk:Bratsche?diff=0' ); UserMenu.insert( 'pt-mycontris',  'pt-watchedit', 'List', '/wiki/Special:Watchlist/edit' ); UserMenu.insert( 'pt-logout',     'pt-logs',      'Logs', '/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&user=Bratsche' ); UserMenu.insert( 'pt-logout',     'pt-kate',      'Kate', 'http://tools.wikimedia.de/~kate/cgi-bin/count_edits?user=Bratsche&dbname=enwiki' ); UserMenu.insert( 'pt-logout',     'pt-irc',       '#IRC', 'irc://irc.freenode.net/wikipedia' );

UserMenu.append( 'pt-utc', UTCTime, 'javascript:void UserMenu.setText( "pt-utc", UTCTime )' );

}

function NavActions {

}		function ToolActions {			var n = 1;

ToolMenu.append( 't-' + n++, 'Is Blocked?', '/wiki/Special:Ipblocklist' ); ToolMenu.append( 't-' + n++, 'Block!!!', '/wiki/Special:Blockip' ); ToolMenu.append( 't-' + n++, 'All Logs', '/wiki/Special:Log' ); ToolMenu.append( 't-' + n++, 'Block Log', '/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=block' ); ToolMenu.append( 't-' + n++, 'New Users', '/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=newusers' ); ToolMenu.append( 't-' + n++, 'WP:AFD/Old', '/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Old' ); ToolMenu.append( 't-' + n++, 'Monobook', '/wiki/User:Bratsche/monobook.js' ); }

function UTCTime {		//	Get a date stamp for the time in UTC-land. //		for the future: a format arg var s = '', d = new Date, a = 'Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec'.split(' '); return	d.getUTCDate + ' ' + a[ d.getUTCMonth ] + ' ' + d.getUTCFullYear + ' ' + ( '0' + d.getUTCHours  ).substr( -2 ) + ':' + ( '0' + d.getUTCMinutes ).substr( -2 ) + ' ' + 'UTC'; }

function wpFuncOnLoad {		PageMenu = new PortletMenu( 'p-cactions' ); UserMenu = new PortletMenu( 'p-personal' ); NavMenu = new PortletMenu( 'p-navigation' ); ToolMenu = new PortletMenu( 'p-tb' );

RCPatrol;

PageActions; UserActions; NavActions; ToolActions; }	window.addEventListener( 'load', wpFuncOnLoad, false ); } // Last update: 21:51, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

// User:Zocky/PicturePopups.js - please include this line document.write(' '); function addLink(where, url, name, id, title, key, after){ //* where is the id of the toolbar where the button should be added; //  i.e. one of "p-cactions", "p-personal", or "p-navigation". //* url is the URL which will be called when the button is clicked. //  javascript: urls can be used to do more complex things. //* name is what will appear as the name of the button. //* id is the id of the button; it's best to define one. //  Use a prefix to make sure its unique. Optional. //* title is the tooltip title that gives a longer description //  of the button; if you define a accesskey, mention it here. Optional. //* key is the char you want for the accesskey. Optional. //* after is the id of the button you want to follow this one. Optional. var na = document.createElement('a'); na.href = url; na.appendChild(document.createTextNode(name)); var li = document.createElement('li'); if(id) li.id = id; li.appendChild(na); var tabs = document.getElementById(where).getElementsByTagName('ul')[0]; if(after) { tabs.insertBefore(li,document.getElementById(after)); } else { tabs.appendChild(li); }   if(id) { if(key && title) { ta[id] = [key, title]; } else if(key) { ta[id] = [key, '']; } else if(title) { ta[id] = ['', title];} }   // re-render the title and accesskeys from existing code in wikibits.js    akeytt; return li; } //this helps automate AfD closing by adding a 'close' tab to AfD debates //written by User:Johnleemk based on WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/test-n.js by User:Celestianpower

function autoafd_result { var close = prompt("Result of debate?") var f = document.editform, t = f.wpTextbox1; t.value = " " + close + ". " + "~" + "~" + "~" + "~" + '\n' + '\n' + t.value; if (t.value.length > 0) t.value += '\n'; t.value += ""; f.wpSummary.value = "Closing debate; result was " + close; }

function autoafd_relist { var f = document.editform, t = f.wpTextbox1; if (t.value.length > 0) t.value += '\n'; t.value += "~" + "~" + "~" + "~"; f.wpSummary.value = "Relisting debate"; }

function autoafd_keep { var date = prompt("Nomination was made when?") var votepage = prompt("Vote page is? (Enter 'd' for default.)") var f = document.editform, t = f.wpTextbox1;

// If default votepage... if (votepage=="d") {       var temp = document.editform.action.split("/w/index.php?title="); var temp = temp[1].split("&action=submit"); var temp = temp[0].substring(5); var votepage = temp; }

t.value = "" + '\n' + '\n' + t.value; f.wpSummary.value = "Article survived AfD"; }

function autoafd_no_consensus { var date = prompt("Nomination was made when?") var votepage = prompt("Vote page is? (Enter 'd' for default.)") var f = document.editform, t = f.wpTextbox1;

// If default votepage... if (votepage=="d") {       var temp = document.editform.action.split("/w/index.php?title="); var temp = temp[1].split("&action=submit"); var temp = temp[0].substring(5); var votepage = temp; }

t.value = "" + '\n' + '\n' + t.value; f.wpSummary.value = "Article survived AfD with no consensus"; }

function autoafd_redirect { var date = prompt("Nomination was made when?") var redirect = prompt("Redirect to?") var votepage = prompt("Vote page is? (Enter 'd' for default.)") var f = document.editform, t = f.wpTextbox1;

// If default votepage... if (votepage=="d") {       var temp = document.editform.action.split("/w/index.php?title="); var temp = temp[1].split("&action=submit"); var temp = temp[0].substring(5); var votepage = temp; }

t.value = "" + '\n' + '\n' + t.value; f.wpSummary.value = "Article redirected to " + redirect + " as per AfD"; }

function autoafd_merge { var date = prompt("Nomination was made when?") var redirect = prompt("Merge and redirect to?") var votepage = prompt("Vote page is? (Enter 'd' for default.)") var f = document.editform, t = f.wpTextbox1;

// If default votepage... if (votepage=="d") {       var temp = document.editform.action.split("/w/index.php?title="); var temp = temp[1].split("&action=submit"); var temp = temp[0].substring(5); var votepage = temp; }

t.value = "" + '\n' + '\n' + t.value; f.wpSummary.value = "Article merged and redirected to " + redirect + " as per AfD"; }

function autoafd_other { var date = prompt("Nomination was made when?") var result = prompt("Result was?") var votepage = prompt("Vote page is? (Enter 'd' for default.)") var f = document.editform, t = f.wpTextbox1;

// If default votepage... if (votepage=="d") {       var temp = document.editform.action.split("/w/index.php?title="); var temp = temp[1].split("&action=submit"); var temp = temp[0].substring(5); var votepage = temp; }

t.value = "" + '\n' + '\n' + t.value; f.wpSummary.value = "AfDed; result was " + result; }

function autoafd_add_afd_tabs { // Only add for pages with the right string somewhere in the title if (document.title.indexOf("Editing Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/") != -1) {     addLink('p-cactions', 'javascript:autoafd_result', "Close"); addLink('p-cactions', 'javascript:autoafd_relist', "Relist"); } if (document.title.indexOf("Editing Talk:") != -1) {     addLink('p-cactions', 'javascript:autoafd_keep', "NKeep"); addLink('p-cactions', 'javascript:autoafd_no_consensus', "No_C"); addLink('p-cactions', 'javascript:autoafd_redirect', "Redir"); addLink('p-cactions', 'javascript:autoafd_merge', "Merge"); addLink('p-cactions', 'javascript:autoafd_other', "Other"); } }

addOnloadHook(autoafd_add_afd_tabs);

//end AfD closing script

//

title: User:Bratsche/monobook.js


text:
Carilon

Carilon may refer to:

 * Carillon, a musical instrument of bells
 * Carilon, an aliphatic polyketone that was made by Royal Dutch Shell

title: Carilon