text:
Template talk:Massachusetts

List of cities
If you are dissatisfied with the list of cities, please add or remove individual cities, not the entire list. I included the list based on what I saw on other state templates (notably California, New York, and Michigan).

For now, I have decided to use the original listing (with the addition of Lawrence). This was before I had decided to add more cities (based on the list from the Massachusetts article, which didn't have a set criteria).Pentawing 04:24, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

This template is a beast
This template is just huge and unwieldy, and I think it needs to be chopped down to size, though I'm loathe to do unilaterally. Does it make sense to have a smaller, general Mass template with just the the main article, Boston, and a few other things, and then have seperate templates for Mass cities, Mass counties, and Mass towns? I think it would improve the visual look of the Mass articles. For an example of what I'm talking about look at the Template:Texas and Template talk:Texas. Comments? Friejose 21:32, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That'd be great. When I started adding the towns, I noticed it becoming larger and larger, but I didn't want to split it since I didn't originate the template.  At the same time, being from a town, I didn't want to remove the towns.  [halo]  Any way you'd like to split it is fine by me, but that's just one man's opinion.  Sahasrahla 04:06, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I was bold and removed the town list. It's not that I don't want the list, it's just that it's huge and unmanageable. If someone wants to create the List of towns in Massachusetts and add a link to it in the template, I think that would be fine. -Harmil 11:32, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It's definitely huge, but hardly unmanageable (although, we'll note that I've yet to finish the list...). I agree that it needed to be removed, and will eventually create a template for it.  Sahasrahla 14:08, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Why a template, and not an article? Lists are common enough, and a list of towns could even include Census Designated Places and major locations like Round Hill, Massachusetts, just to pick on one I care about. That way, you could just have a link to the town list in this template. Nice and clean, and less text pulled into each article.... -Harmil 14:45, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Okay, I created a List of towns in Massachusetts article. It's far from done, but its a start. I'm going to add a link to the list in the template. Friejose 14:48, 22 August 2005 (UTC) I feel that the list of towns should exist but the all 301 towns should be listed on the template. This although making the template very large it makes it an easier system to used. I sugesst that the template page be put back in vcelloho 14:57, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

List of regions
I think Markles has made a good start as to regions. I think we don't need to, and shouldn't, try to conform the regions listed to some external list, like Census-delimited areas or something. One of the things that makes Mass. different and unique is that it has historical regions that are more meaningful than counties, or other types of artifical subdivisions. Perhaps one additional area that could be added is the Blackstone Valley, although the article needs to be written first. — Friejose 12:51, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I think that we also need to include the Quabbin Valley. I'll bang out a quick article. Dunkelza 13:59 September 11, 2005 (EDT)
 * I made a comment on a Category talk page, Category:Regions of Massachusetts that nobody would see, so I'm probably better off repeating it here:

I don't know if anybody actually watches this category, so I might be talking to nobody, but the list here, although I like it, doesn't align with anything official I know of. If we were to do that (as I believe New Hampshire has), we could go by the list at Massachusetts Office of Travel and Tourism:

 * Western Massachusetts
 * Greater Springfield
 * Franklin County
 * The Berkshires
 * Mohawk Trail
 * Central Massachusetts
 * North of Boston and Greater Merrimack Valley
 * North of Boston
 * Greater Merrimack Valley
 * Greater Boston
 * South of Boston
 * Southeastern Massachusetts
 * Plymouth County
 * Cape Cod, Martha's Vinyard, and Nantucket Island
 * Cape Cod
 * Martha's Vineyard
 * Nantucket Island

 * Thoughts? Thanks, CSZero (talk) 20:24, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Color of first column
I've just reverted pentawing's edit to remove the colors from the first column of the template. I did so, not to edit war with P., but because I'd like to see some discussion first. There are many different approaches. Template:California Has a striped look. Template:New York goes the way that P. was suggesting. And, of course the original version that I reverted to has a side-bar like look. The reason that I like this version is that it gives some visual isolation to the content of the template, while offsetting the grid. I really don't like tables with grids in them, but at least suggesting the grid seems to help the eye follow what's going on. The California version does this even moreso, but I think it goes overboard and ends up looking like old greenbar. -Harmil 02:46, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm with Harmil on this, and I was the user who added the color to the sidebar originally. I just think it cleanly separates the relevant info from the descriptive headers without being visually distracting (as I think Cal's template is). On the other hand, it's not worth getting into an edit war over, so I defer to the group's judgment. – Friejose 13:00, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * In terms of the background color in the first column, I just found out that the Florida template does the same so I won't revert again. On the otherhand, the style that I tried to revert to is used at other state templates (e.g. all other New England states and Washington, which was the style I converted the entire Massachusetts template to in the first place. The MA template was once in the other dominant style, such as the one used for Michigan). Anyways, I would like to see a standard style used for most state templates, so that was what I was trying to get at recently, instead of each state having its own individually styled template. Pentawing 22:30, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

U.S. state templates
WikiProject U.S. states/state templates lists and displays all 50 U.S. state (and additional other) templates. It potentially can be used for ideas and standardization. //MrD9 07:20, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Standardization of state templates
There is currently an ongoing discussion regarding standardization of state templates (primarily regarding layout and styling) at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject U.S. states/state templates. An effort was made earlier this year to standardize Canadian province templates (which mostly succeeded). Lovelac7 and I have already begun standardizing all state templates. If you have any concerns, they should be directed toward the discussion page for state template standardization. Thanks! — Webdinger BLAH 22:50, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

Towns
I continue to maintain that listing towns as a "topic" is insufficient. Perhaps we should reconsider listing all the towns. See Template:New Hampshire. Sahasrahla 19:28, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Complete?
I don't think the list of cities is complete. What about Canton? –Llama man 23:40, 19 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Never mind, it's a town. –Llama man 23:43, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

South Coast and South Shore
I have deleted the South Coast and  South Shore links with Southeatstern Massachusetts. The Southeastern Massachusetts definition encompasses those two areas and paints a better picture of Southeastern Massachusetts as a whole (excluding Cape Cod). I did that to make this template less "beast," in response to user Friejose. Please try the Southeastern Massachusetts link, I think you'll enjoy it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.162.211.197 (talk)

 * (An aside: Please sign your posts with four tildes, i.e. ~ .)

 * I'd rather see "South Shore" and "South Coast" back in, in addition to Southeastern Mass. Both terms are widely used. If you asked the average Massachusetts person to make a list of geographic regions that comprise the state, both would be on the list. "Southeastern Massachusetts" doesn't encompass "South Shore" and "South Coast" any more than listing Suffolk County encompasses (and obviates the need to list) Boston. My two cents. ``` W i k i W i s t a h ``` 20:01, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

 * One more thing: It's also worth noting that Southeastern Massachusetts is usually defined as being outside Greater Boston -- that is, not including the close-in suburbs (our definition says it extends into Norfolk County only as far as the Rhode Island border towns). This leaves out a substantial amount of what is often called South Shore, such as Quincy, Holbrook, Cohassett, etc. ``` W i k i W i s t a h ``` 20:11, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

List of cities by official name
In the interest of clarity, I have edited the template list of cities to include only those which actually call themselves cities on their website, and am providing the following table with references that clearly point out what the disposition of the official name is. Please read the explanation following the table before reverting this change.

The above list shows the 53 government divisions of the Commonwealth which have been officially granted the right to use the city form of government. My source for the table is the Massachusetts Municipal Association 2008-2009 Municipal Directory. This list is not an official state document, but it is much more up to date and accurate than the "offical" list from the Secretary of State's office, which is dated 10-21-2005 and does not include Braintree, Palmer and Winthrop, which have since adopted the city form of government.

The web references listed above each clearly indicate the official name each location uses. In nearly every case the name is confirmed by the banner at the top of the official website. In those where it is not indicated in the banner, it is shown on the page in the title bar, page footer, in the page text or in the case of Palmer by the PDF of the most recent town report. I only eliminated those towns for which no evidence exists that they are officially using the prefix "City of" before the location name.

I looked into these sources before I made this edit because I wondered why Weymouth was listed as a city but Braintree was not. In light of the evidence and in the interest of keeping the list as compact yet as accurate as possible, to use the name officially used by the location in question is the best solution to listing these cities in the template. Sswonk (talk) 19:41, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I suggest we include municipalities which are cities regardless of what they call themselves.—Markles 19:44, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

 * By 'are', do you mean by the form of government, which would be the 53 listed in the table? I would not really object, except that there are multiple places within the project which blur the distinction. Some articles (including lists) state something like "there are 301 towns and 50 cities". Those would then need to be updated to reflect your proposed addition of Braintree, Palmer and Winthrop to the template. Sswonk (talk) 21:12, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, I suggest we follow the legal model instead of the title model. Mostly because it's a clear-cut distinction.  Then I suppose we should say there are 298 towns and 53 cities. —Markles 21:36, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

 * OK, I changed the template to list the 53 cities as defined by their forms of government. I will also change the lists and definitions within Massachusetts articles I find to reflect the official status. I will leave a brief note about this change on the WP:MASS project talk page. Sswonk (talk) 23:27, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

white on dark blue
Is there a particular reason why this template is white on dark blue? I understand the general idea is to try to match the flag, but it is a bit hard to read. Wouldn't it be better to just go with the default used by navbox to avoid having a rainbow at the bottom of the page when this navbox is next to another one and per WP:ACCESSIBILITY? Please let me know if there is a strong reason to have it a particular color. I noticed this was attempted recently, but was reverted, so I thought I would be proactive and start a thread here to avoid an edit war. Thanks! Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 21:40, 19 December 2010 (UTC)

Former counties and District of Maine
Massachusetts (as a state, not including its colonial history) has nine former counties -- not just the three that were added to this template recently. All nine former counties were part of the District of Maine. If we're going to include three, we should include all, but that would result in two-fifths of the template's "Counties" entries being territory that hasn't been part of the state for 200 years, which is ridiculous and would be confusing for the vast majority of template viewers, who (I presume) are looking for information about what today we call Massachusetts.

Additionally, District of Maine was the only "former region" listed in that section -- there's no entry for Massachusetts' ceded western claims, or Bristol County, R.I., or Pawtucket, or Woodstock or Enfield, Conn. Nor should there be. My solution was to add a note to the "counties" listing about how nine former counties became Maine, and include the District of Maine link there. ``` t b w i l l i e ` $1.25 ` 23:19, 10 June 2020 (UTC)

Icon
Could the seal please be removed from the title in accordance with MOS:ICON? Thanks, 207.161.86.162 (talk) 07:50, 2 February 2021 (UTC)
 * ❌. I don't see why it can't bet there; MOS:ICON doesn't prohibit this use. ◢  Ganbaruby!   (Say hi!) 08:41, 2 February 2021 (UTC)
 * How does it comply with MOS:DECORATION? 207.161.86.162 (talk) 07:56, 3 February 2021 (UTC)
 * As the flag of the state, it does have an encyclopedic purpose in the context of a navbox. You might want to start a discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject United States or Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Massachusetts for wider consensus. ◢  Ganbaruby!   (Say hi!) 08:11, 3 February 2021 (UTC)
 * What non-decorative "encyclopedic purpose" does it serve in your view, ? 207.161.86.162 (talk) 08:43, 3 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Primarily for identification purposes, especially when there's multiple navboxes in a row. To make it clear, I'm not very opposed to removing it, but please get wider consensus first. ◢  Ganbaruby!   (Say hi!) 01:12, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Given that it is an unremarkable subnational flag and is only 100px in size, what leads you to believe it serves as an identification aid? 207.161.86.162 (talk) 01:55, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 September 2022
The Town of Amherst, by Massachusetts law, is a city, and should be listed as such following the City of Agawam. See https://www.amherstma.gov/DocumentCenter/View/41987/Amherst-Home-Rule-Charter section 1.4 or https://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cisctlist/ctlistcoun.htm 2600:8800:1680:1AE:419C:B6A0:8B34:AFFB (talk) 00:20, 29 September 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Note that the Amherst,_Massachusetts article might need to be updated as well. Mlkj (talk) 20:27, 7 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Massachusetts


text:
The Romantics

The Romantics are an American rock band formed in 1977 in Detroit. The band is often put under the banner of power pop and new wave. They were influenced by 1950s American rock and roll, Detroit's MC5, the Stooges, early Bob Seger, Motown R&B, 1960s North American garage rock as well as the British Invasion rockers.

The Romantics achieved substantial popularity in the United States, the Netherlands, Germany, Canada, and Australia, with their two best-charting songs "What I Like About You", peaking at #49 in the US and #2 in Australia, and "Talking in Your Sleep", reaching #3 in the US, #1 in Canada, and #14 in Australia. The two songs have become mainstays on 1980s-focused, classic rock, and active rock radio stations. Their debut album, released on January 4, 1980, in the UK, has the distinction of being the first record to be released in that decade.

The Romantics and National Breakout (1977–1982)
The Romantics' original lineup consisted of vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and harmonicist Wally Palmar; lead guitarist and vocalist Mike Skill; bassist and backing vocalist Rich Cole; and drummer and vocalist Jimmy Marinos. All four band members made songwriting contributions to the group, but Palmar and Skill were considered the band's primary tunesmiths. The band's first show was on Valentine's Day at My Fair Lady Club in Detroit, opening for the New MC5 in 1977. For three years, the band was on the road, playing in venues like Boston's Rathskeller, New York City's CBGB and Max's Kansas City, and Cleveland's Agora. They were signed to Nat Weiss' Nemperor after a show at Hurrahs, and in September 1979, the band recorded their debut self-titled album with British producer Pete Solley. The group's true record debut was the 1978 single on Spider Records, "Little White Lies" (b/w "I Can't Tell You Anything"), followed that year by the Bomp! single "Tell It to Carrie" (b/w "First in Line"). All of these were re-recorded later for the first LP.

The album sold roughly 200,000 copies and yielded the hit "What I Like About You", which reached #49 in the US, #8 in the Netherlands, and #2 in Australia, where the band was especially popular. As all four members were singers, the straightforward beat of "What I Like About You" lent the opportunity for drummer Jimmy Marinos to take the vocals.

Mike Skill left the band after the release of the album National Breakout in 1980. He was replaced by lead guitarist Coz Canler. This lineup of the band recorded the album Strictly Personal in 1981 with producer Mike Stone, who had produced for Queen. Due to frustrations with the songwriting featured on the record, Rich Cole was replaced by a returning Skill, who took over as the band's bassist.

Commercial success (1983–1986)
With Skill back in, the band began playing arenas with Cheap Trick, the Kinks, and the Cars. Solley was also rehired in 1983 as their producer for their fourth album In Heat. In Heat would be The Romantics' greatest commercial success, and was awarded a gold album in the United States for selling over 500,000 copies. It eventually would sell over 900,000 US copies. In Heat was also awarded a gold album in Canada (for over 50,000 copies sold). The first single taken from In Heat, "Talking in Your Sleep", hit #3 for four weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, reached #2 on the Album Rock Tracks, and #1 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart.

It was also a global success, scoring in many other countries such as #1 in Canada and #5 in Sweden. The single "One in a Million" peaked at #37 during the following year on the Billboard Hot 100 Chart and went to #21 on the Hot Dance Club Play Chart. The Romantics' music videos frequently were shown on MTV during this period, solidifying the band's popularity. Also during 1983, the Romantics played U.S. and international tours in support of In Heat, and appeared on television shows such as Solid Gold, American Bandstand, and Soul Train.

In 1984, drummer Jimmy Marinos left the Romantics, and he was replaced by David Petratos, who served as the band's drummer until 1990. This lineup released one album, 1985's Rhythm Romance, which peaked at #72 and produced one charting single ("Test of Time" #71). Detroit keyboardist Barry Warner was added to the band for the following 1985–1986 tour. Due to the tour for Rhythm Romance being thwarted by low ticket sales and mounting tension between the band and its management, The Romantics were dropped from the Sony record label.

1990–present
In the late 1980s, the Romantics discovered that their managers had been misappropriating the profits earned by the band from its records and live performances. Additionally, one of their releases (the aforementioned "What I Like About You") had been licensed for use in television commercials without the band's knowledge or approval. Consequently, the Romantics filed a lawsuit against their management in 1987, and the legalities involved prevented the band from recording new music until the mid-1990s.

Former Blondie drummer Clem Burke replaced David Petratos as the Romantics' drummer in 1990. For much of the 1990s, the Romantics played obscure performances in small venues, largely forgotten and out of the public spotlight.

The Romantics' fortunes began to rise again in the middle of the 1990s, as the band's success in its lawsuit against its former management freed the band to record again (and ensured that future earnings from the licensing of Romantics songs would go to the band). The first fruit of the band's new recording activity was the 1993 UK-only EP Made In Detroit. Several Romantics greatest hits packages were issued during the 1990s, as was the live album The King Biscuit Flour Hour Presents: The Romantics Live In Concert, a 1996 release of an October 1983 recording of a Romantics concert in San Antonio, Texas at the height of the band's popularity.

Jimmy Marinos, the Romantics' original drummer, temporarily returned to the band for a series of performances in 1996–1997 (with Clem Burke returning to the Romantics' drumstool after Marinos departed again). In 2003, twenty years after the release of their most commercially successful album, In Heat, the Romantics released 61/49–a more roots rock and blues-oriented record than the band's previous efforts. Although Clem Burke performed as the band's primary drummer on the release, original drummer Jimmy Marinos is featured on half of the tracks. The album was not a great commercial success.

A fourth drummer, Brad Elvis, (formerly from The Elvis Brothers, and currently The Handcuffs) replaced Clem Burke as the Romantics' regular drummer in 2004 after Burke returned full-time to a reactivated Blondie.

Rich Cole returned to the band after a long absence in 2010. Longtime lead guitarist Coz Canler left the band in 2011, allowing Skill to return to the original lead guitarist role he held in the band.

In 2004, the band's album 61/49 was named most Outstanding National Small/Independent Label Album at the Detroit Music Awards, and in June 2011, the Romantics were voted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame.

As of 2024, The Romantics continue to play live concerts.

Lawsuit
On November 21, 2007, The Romantics filed a lawsuit against Activision, RedOctane, Harmonix, and Wavegroup Sound over the cover of the song "What I Like About You" used in Guitar Hero Encore: Rocks the 80s. While the game developers did secure appropriate rights to cover the song in the game, The Romantics claim that the cover is "virtually indistinguishable from the authentic version" and thus would "[confuse] consumers into believing that the band actually recorded the music and endorsed the product". The lawsuit requested the cessation of sales of the game and monetary damage.

A summary judgment hearing was held on July 9, 2008, the case was dismissed the next month, and U.S. District Judge Nancy G. Edmunds stated that Activision had obtained the proper licensing for the works and that the band no longer held the copyright on the work.

Band members
Current members
 * Wally Palmar – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica (1977–present)
 * Rich Cole – bass, vocals (1977–1982, 2010–present)
 * Mike Skill – lead guitar, vocals (1977–1981, 2010–present); bass, vocals, additional guitar (1982–2010)
 * Brad Elvis – drums, percussion (2004–present)

Former members
 * Jimmy Marinos – drums, percussion, lead vocals (1977–1984, 1996–1997)
 * Coz Canler – lead guitar, vocals (1981–2011)
 * David Petratos – drums, percussion, vocals (1984–1990)
 * Clem Burke – drums, percussion (1990–1996, 1997–2004)

Touring members
 * Barry Warner – keyboards, backing vocals (1985–1986)
 * Johnny "Bee" Badanjek – drums, percussion (1992)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Romantics


text:
NetStumbler

NetStumbler (also known as Network Stumbler) was a tool for Windows that facilitates detection of Wireless LANs using the 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g WLAN standards. It runs on Microsoft Windows operating systems from Windows 2000 to Windows XP. A trimmed-down version called MiniStumbler is available for the handheld Windows CE operating system.

Netstumbler has become one of the most popular programs for wardriving and wireless reconnaissance, although it has a disadvantage. It can be detected easily by most intrusion detection system, because it actively probes a network to collect information. Netstumbler has integrated support for a GPS unit. With this support, Netstumbler displays GPS coordinate information next to the information about each discovered network, which can be useful for finding specific networks again after having sorted out collected data.

The program is commonly used for:
 * Verifying network configurations
 * Finding locations with poor coverage in a WLAN
 * Detecting causes of wireless interference
 * Detecting unauthorized ("rogue") access points
 * Aiming directional antennas for long-haul WLAN links

No updated version has been developed since 2004.

title: NetStumbler


text:
Talk:Coalescence

Is there really enough to cover on this topic or should it be sent to Wiktionary? If there is enough to write about it, can someone create a rough outline here? Thanks - Taxman Talk 04:33, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Coalescence


text:
Facing and trailing

Facing or trailing are railway turnouts (or 'points' in the UK) in respect to whether they are divergent or convergent. When a train traverses a turnout in a facing direction, it may diverge onto either of the two routes. When travelled in a trailing direction, the two routes converge onto each other.

Diamond crossings
Fixed diamond crossings (with no moving parts) count as trailing points in both directions, although in very exceptional circumstances such as propelling a train in reverse over fine angle diamond crossings they can derail wagons as they bunch up.

Switched diamonds, which contain two stub turnouts in disguise, count as facing turnouts in both directions and are also known as moveable angles (UK).

Moveable crossings
Fixed V-crossings are trailable in both directions. Moveable crossings are effectively facing in both directions and must be correctly aligned.

Stub switches
Stub switches are effectively facing in both directions and must be correctly aligned.

Double junctions
Double junctions are now configurable in a number of different ways, whereby the number of facing and trailing turnouts vary.

Goods siding
The goods siding on a double line (in the above diagram) uses two trailing points and a diamond. It can be shunted by trains in either direction.

This was widely done in New South Wales, though later on the diamond crossing was replaced with a pair of ladder crossovers; such as:
 * Bredalabane (S)
 * Jerrawa (S)
 * Woy Woy (N)
 * Newbridge (W)

title: Facing and trailing


text: User talk:69.140.183.61

title: User talk:69.140.183.61


text:
Francis Steinmetz

Francis Steinmetz (20 September 1914 – 2 January 2006) was an officer in the Royal Netherlands Navy who escaped from Oflag IV-C, Colditz Castle, a German POW camp, during World War II, making a "home run" to safety.

Early life
Steinmetz was born 20 September 1914 in Batavia, Dutch East Indies and entered the Dutch Royal Navy in September 1932. After periods on various boats he was posted to the submarine service. He was captured in 1940 in Amsterdam by advancing German forces.

Initially sent to a prison camp at Soest, Germany, Steinmetz was then transferred to a POW camp Silesia. He refused to sign a German parole saying he would refrain from any hostile act towards Germany and was transferred to Sonderlager IVC, at Colditz Castle.

Escaping Colditz
At Colditz all Dutch escapes were coordinated by the Dutch escape officer Captain Machiel van den Heuvel, known as "Vandy" by the British. Van den Heuvel quickly recognised the possibilities of the exercise park and soon had his first escape plan ready. On 15 August 1941 Steinmetz and Hans Larive hid under a manhole cover under the cover of a rugby scrum. Lieutenant Gerrit Dames then created a diversion by cutting a hole in the barbed wire fence, before allowing himself to be caught, shouting to imaginary escapers to run, so that the Germans would think that the missing officers had already escaped.

Larive and Steinmetz hid for several hours. The cover was fixed with a heavy bolt, which Van den Heuvel had replaced with a fake made of glass. Once it was dark the two men forced the manhole cover open from below, and replaced the now broken glass bolt with the original one. They then made their way out of the castle. (This escape method was repeated on 20 September 1941 by two other Dutch officers, C. Giebel and O. L. Drijber. ). At Leisnig Steinmetz and Larive took a train to Nuremberg where they waited for their next train in a nearby park. To avoid attracting unwanted attention, they pretended to be a courting couple, with Steinmetz pulling a blanket down over his shorts so it looked like a skirt. They crossed the Swiss border on 18 August 1941.

Under Swiss neutrality law they were not allowed to leave the country, so the Dutch Legation provided false papers describing them as sugar planters on their way to Cuba. They travelled on a sealed train in which neutrals were able to pass through France into Spain. At Barcelona they boarded the neutral ship, Isla de Teneriffe, sailing for Havana. The ship was intercepted by a Royal Navy cutter in the Strait of Gibraltar and the two men were taken off and arrived in Gibraltar on 4 November. They then sailed to England aboard the submarine HNLMS O 21 and arrived in London on 17 December 1941.

After interrogation by the British, Steinmetz served on motor torpedo boats, taking MTB 222 to the West Indies. He later commanded Dutch motor torpedo boats in the Far East.

Post-war career
After the end of the Second World War, Steinmetz returned to Holland and served at the naval training camp at Hilversum. In December 1950, he commanded the minesweeper Boereo in Dutch New Guinea, before returning to the naval training centre at Voorschoten.

Steinmetz later commanded the minesweeper De Bitter and the frigate De Zeeuw, before joining the Dutch Ministry of Naval Affairs. His final ship was the destroyer Limburg.

After retiring, Steinmetz worked for Ole Anderson in Denmark, making fan impellers.

Family
Steinmetz married twice, first in 1946 to Regina Henrietta Noren (until her death in 1974); and then Peggy George, who predeceased him. He had one son during his first marriage; and two step-daughters by his second.

title: Francis Steinmetz


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 May 23/Unresolved

Category:120 mm discs

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus (keep) --Kbdank71 18:11, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Should merge with parent category on disc-based computer data storage. This cat name doesn't indicate its true content, and it's also wrong since it contains 'CD' even if CDs can be smaller than 120mm. Radiant_* 09:34, May 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * Though a VCD is hardly a disc-based computer storage medium... 132.205.44.134 22:46, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Huh? Yes it is. See VCD. Radiant_* 21:37, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's hardly a disc-based computer storage medium. Same goes for DVD-Video and DVD-Audio, and CD-DA. 132.205.45.148 17:58, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It is data storage, not only "computer data". The fact that CDs are subcat is irrelevant problem. mikka (t) 18:15, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * There are quite a few articles in Category:120 mm discs that are also listed in the subcats Category:CD and Category:DVD. Assuming we can eliminate the duplicate categorization, I see no problem upmerging into the parent.  --Azkar 15:07, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Protease-activated receptor

Protease-activated receptors (PAR) are a subfamily of related G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by cleavage of part of their extracellular domain. They are highly expressed in platelets, and also on endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, myocytes, neurons, and tissues that line the gastrointestinal tract.

Protease-activated receptors, or PARs, are not to be mistaken with PAR proteins, a group of regulators of cellular polarity named after their associated partitioning phenotype.

Classification
There are four mammalian members of the protease-activated receptor (PAR) family: PAR1 – encoded by the gene F2R, PAR2 – F2RL1, PAR3 – F2RL2 and PAR4 – F2RL3, each of these genes has its locus on chromosome 5 except that of PAR4, which is on chromosome 19. The protease specificities, expression patterns, and functions of each PAR vary across a range of tissues and cell types. They are also members of the seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, and are expressed throughout the body.

History
When scientists were researching the process of blood clotting in the late 1980s, they made the discovery of protease-activated receptors (PARs). A novel protein that was activated by thrombin, a crucial part of the clotting cascade, was discovered by a research team at the University of California, San Francisco in 1991. The team was directed by Shaun Coughlin. This protein, which was eventually given the designation protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), was the first to be recognized as a member of the PAR family.

A second thrombin-activated protein, later known as PAR3, was identified in 1994. Later research revealed that PAR3 works as a cofactor for PAR4 but lacks a useful intracellular domain. A third member of the PAR family, known as PAR2, was discovered as a protein triggered by in 1996.

Activation
Protease activated receptors are integral membrane proteins that are coupled to G-proteins and are activated by proteolytic cleavage of the amino terminal sequence that exposes a new N-terminal sequence functions as a tethered ligand, which bind a conserved region on extracellular loop 2 (ECL2). Such binding causes activation of intracellular pathways and the specific change in conformation of the PAR. The most effective activator of PAR4 is thrombin. However, trypsin and factor Xa activate PAR4 by cleaving the receptor at various places in its N-terminal domain. Four types of PAR receptors have been identified by molecular cloning, and classified according to the main enzyme that is able to activate it. It has been determined that a large group of proteases cleave and activate PARs receptors, including various endogenous proteases from: a) the coagulation cascade, b) inflammatory cells, and c) the digestive tract. On the other hand, PARs can be specifically cleaved and irreversibly activated even by exogenous proteases originated from insects, bacteria or plants and fungi. The wide distribution of PARs in a variety of cells supports the idea that they are involved in many process related with the gastrointestinal physiology and cardiovascular physiology. Although the proteolysis is the main mechanism for PAR activation, it is well known that a synthetic peptide (SLIGKV) that mimics the new N-terminal sequence produced after the cleavage, activates PAR-2 receptors without its proteolytic processing. In this sense, here we report that TFF3 isolated from human breast milk activates PAR-2 receptors of intestinal epithelial cells HT-29. These findings suggest that TFF3 activates intestinal epithelial cells through G-protein-coupled PAR-2, and could actively participate in the immune system of breastfed babies inducing the production of peptides related to innate defense, such as defensins and cytokines.

PARs are activated by the action of serine proteases such as thrombin (acts on PARs 1, 3 and 4) and trypsin (PAR 2). These enzymes cleave the N-terminus of the receptor, which in turn acts as a tethered ligand. In the cleaved state, part of the receptor itself acts as the agonist, causing a physiological response.

Most of the PAR family act through the actions of G-proteins i (cAMP inhibitory), 12/13 (Rho and Ras activation) and q (calcium signalling) to cause cellular actions.

Function
PARs play a role in a multitude of physiological processes such as hemostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, and pain sensation. The cellular effects of thrombin are mediated by protease-activated receptors (PARs). Endothelial PARs participate in the regulation of vascular tone and permeability while in vascular smooth muscle they mediate contraction, proliferation, and hypertrophy. In endothelial cells PARs play a key role in promotion vascular barrier function as they provide a positive signals for endothelial adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 or VCAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or ICAM-1, and E-selectin). PARs contribute to the pro-inflammatory response. For example PAR4 induces leukocyte migration and PAR2 helps macrophages to produce cytokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8). Recent research has also implicated these novel receptors in muscle growth and bone cell differentiation and proliferation.

title: Protease-activated receptor


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Clarrie O'Shea

Clarence Lyell O'Shea, more commonly known as Clarrie O'Shea (1906–1988), was the Victorian State Secretary of the Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees' Association who was jailed in 1969 by Sir John Kerr for contempt of the Industrial Court when he disobeyed a court order that his union pay $8,100 in fines, under the penal sections of the Conciliation and Arbitration Act.

A lifelong Communist, O'Shea was a leading member of the pro-China Communist Party of Australia (Marxist-Leninist) (CPA(ML)) at the time he was imprisoned.

O'Shea's jailing triggered the largest postwar national strike largely organised by left unions (and against the open opposition of the Victorian Trades Hall Council and the Labor Council of New South Wales) when one million workers stopped work over six days to demand "Free Clarrie and repeal the penal powers". On the sixth day O'Shea was released when the fines were paid by a man who claimed to have won the New South Wales lottery.

Over the previous five years, the Tramways Union had militantly defended and improved the conditions of its members. The union had accumulated 40 fines totalling $13,200 imposed on it by the Conciliation and Arbitration Court. Due to the inaction of Melbourne Trades Hall, twenty seven left wing unions had caucused together in response to the perceived attacks on unionism by the widespread application of fines. They called a mass delegates meeting for the day of the hearing that was attended by 5,000 delegates. After the meeting the delegates marched to the courthouse led by Clarrie O'Shea.

In court O'Shea refused to take the oath, then refused to present the union books, in line with the wishes of the members of his union, and was formally arrested and sentenced for contempt of court on Thursday 15 May 1969 and taken to HM Prison Pentridge. This led to immediate walk outs on the Thursday, and a general strike which paralysed Victoria on the Friday. There were two 24-hour stoppages in Victoria, involving 40 unions. All trains and trams stopped, delivery of goods was severely restricted, the power supply was cut and TV and radio broadcasts were disrupted. Protests and strike action also occurred in regional Victoria with the Geelong Trades Hall Council supporting the strikes and similar action in Bendigo, Ballarat, and the Latrobe Valley.

All together, about 500,000 workers struck across Australia on Friday, 16 May. The Trades and Labour Council of WA, the Queensland Trades and Labour Council and the United Trades and Labour Council of South Australia all called statewide general strikes. In Queensland, mass meetings or strikes occurred in 20 cities, while Trades and Labour Councils in Newcastle, Wollongong and Canberra called out members of affiliated unions. The Tasmanian Trades and Labour Council also refused to sanction any action, while 22 'rebel' affiliated unions representing 50,000 workers (80% of Tasmania's workforce) organized a general stoppage.

Protests calling for O'Shea's release occurred outside HM Prison Pentridge in Coburg over the weekend.

On Tuesday 20 May, Dudley MacDougall, a former advertising manager for the Australian Financial Review, acting on "behalf of a public benefactor", paid the union's fines. Kerr ordered O'Shea to be released. Although the penal laws were not repealed, they have never been used again.

title: Clarrie O'Shea


text:
Pegasus II

Pegasus II may refer to:

 * Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
 * Pegasus II (rocket)
 * Pegasus 2 (satellite)

title: Pegasus II


text:
Bald Mountain (Idaho)

Bald Mountain (9150 feet, 2789 m) is a mountain in the western United States in south central Idaho, adjacent to the city of Ketchum in Blaine County. The mountain has one of the higher summits of the Smoky Mountains of Idaho, located in the Sawtooth National Forest. The forested Smoky Mountains were named for their propensity for summer forest fires.

Sun Valley skiing
It is the primary ski mountain of the Sun Valley ski resort, and renowned for its lengthy runs at a uniform gradient, at varying levels of difficulty, and with little wind.

In the Sun Valley's fourth year of operation (1939–40), Bald Mountain was opened for lift-served skiing, with a series of three (single-seat) chairlifts, unloading at an elevation of 9020 ft.

With a base elevation of 5750 ft along the Big Wood River at River Run, Baldy's vertical drop is 3400 ft along its northeast face. It is served by fourteen ski lifts (an eight-person gondola, a high speed six pack, seven high speed quads, two triple chairlifts, and a surface); Baldy has more uphill capacity per skier than any other ski area. It has 75 runs with 2054 acre of on-piste skiing, 645 acre of which have snowmaking.

The slope ratings are 36% easiest, 42% more difficult, and 22% most difficult. These ratings are relative, not absolute; much of the "easiest" terrain on Bald Mountain would be rated as "intermediate" at most ski areas, as the beginner areas are on the gentler and smaller Dollar Mountain.

Sun Valley's Bald Mountain is independent of the Bald Mountain Ski Area, a modest ski hill near Pierce in Clearwater County in north central Idaho.

Ski runs
Easiest (Green Circle Runs)
 * Lower River Run
 * Lower College
 * Olympic Ridge
 * Olympic Lane
 * 42nd Street
 * Upper College
 * Broadway
 * Broadway Face
 * Lilly Marlane
 * Maiden Lane
 * Mid Warm Springs
 * Lower Warm Springs
 * Lower Greyhawk
 * Sunset Strip
 * Roundhouse Slope
 * Roundhouse Lane

More Difficult (Blue Square Runs)
 * Mid River Run
 * Flying Squirrel
 * Upper Canyon
 * Blue Grouse
 * Cutoff
 * Christmas Lane
 * Wolverton
 * Christmas Ridge
 * Upper Janss Pass
 * Upper French Dip
 * Upper Can-Can
 * Graduate
 * Lower Cozy
 * Lower Limelight
 * Warm Springs Face
 * Upper Warm Springs
 * Race Arena
 * Mid Hemingway
 * Mid Greyhawk
 * Mid Cozy
 * Lower Picabo's Street
 * Lower Hemingway
 * I-80
 * Brick's Island
 * Upper Canyon
 * Mid River Run
 * Lower Canyon
 * Lower Blue Grouse

Most Difficult (Black Diamond Runs)
 * Sleeping Bear
 * Exhibition
 * Inhibition
 * Olympic (Not to be confused with Olympic Lane or Olympic Ridge)
 * Fire Trail
 * Mayday Bowl
 * Lookout Bowl
 * Easter Bowl
 * Little Easter Bowl
 * Rock Garden
 * Upper Limelight
 * Upper Hemingway
 * Upper Picabo's Street
 * Upper Greyhawk
 * Upper Cozy
 * Mid Picabo's Street
 * Mid Limelight
 * International
 * Arnold's Run
 * Upper River Run
 * Upper Holiday
 * Mid Holiday
 * Lower Holiday

In media
In the NBC miniseries, 10.5: Apocalypse, this mountain is an extinct volcano that erupts with devastating force. An avalanche of hot gases and ash cascaded down the mountain and buried everything, including the mountain's ski areas, and the towns of Sun Valley, Ketchum, and Hailey. Multiple rescue teams arrived at the scene and dug through the debris caused by Bald Mountain's eruption, looking for any survivors.

title: Bald Mountain (Idaho)


text:
Dächingen

Dächingen (Daechingen) is a village on the Swabian Alb located next to the town of Ehingen (Donau), approximately 25 km. southwest of Ulm in the Alb-Donau district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

title: Dächingen


text:
Malaysian Army

The Malaysian Army (Tentera Darat Malaysia; Jawi: تنترا دارت مليسيا) is the land component of the Malaysian Armed Forces. Steeped in British Army traditions, the Malaysian Army does not carry the title ‘royal’ (diraja) as do the Royal Malaysian Navy and the Royal Malaysian Air Force. Instead, the title is bestowed on selected army corps and regiments who have been accorded the honour by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong ('The King of Malaysia'), who is the Supreme Commander of the Malaysian Armed Forces.

History
The first military units in Malaysia can be traced back to the Penang Volunteer Rifle raised on 1 March 1861, and the Malay States Volunteer Rifles which existed from 1915 to 1936. The birth of the modern Malaysian Army came about when the Federal Council of the Federated Malay States passed the Malay Regiment Bill on 23 January 1933. This allowed the initial recruitment of 25 males for the First Experimental Malay Company on 1 March 1933 in the Haig Lines camp in Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan. Major G. McI. S. Bruce of the Lincolnshire Regiment was the first Commanding Officer. By 1 January 1935, the Experimental Company became The Malay Regiment with a complement of 150 men. A battalion was formed on 1 January 1938 and eventually a second battalion on 1 December 1941. The 1st Bn Malay Regiment was famous for its defence of Opium Hill (Bukit Chandu in Singapore. The ‘Battle of Opium Hill’ on 14 February 1942 involved 42 soldiers commanded by Lt. Adnan Saidi who defended their position against attack from the 18th Division of the Japanese Imperial Army under Lt. Gen. Renya Mutaguchi. After World War II and during the Malayan Emergency, the number of battalions was increased to seven in the early 1950s.

The Kor Armor DiRaja ('Royal Armoured Corps') can trace its roots to the formation on 1 September 1952 of the Federation Reconnaissance Squadron. It was later merged with the Federation Regiment to form the Federation Reconnaissance Corps. The name underwent a few transformations from the Malaysian Reconnaissance Corps (16 September 1967), Royal Malaysian Reconnaissance Corps (May 1979) to Royal Cavalry Corps (December 1979) and finally to Kor Armor Diraja on 8 December 1986. The Royal Ranger Regiment's lineage began in 1863 as the paramilitary Sarawak Rangers. Although the second in the order of precedence, it is the oldest active formation of the Army.

Flag
The flag of the Malaysian Army, introduced since the inception of the Malaysian Army and still in use today, combines elements of the Malaysian Flag and the crest of the Malaysian Army. It serves as a symbol of pride and courage for the Malaysian Army.

This flag measures 187 cm in height and 91.5 cm in width. It is flown from 6.30 am to 6.30 pm daily, following specific protocols and honors.

Symbolism

 * Crown: Represents the loyalty of the Malaysian Army to His Majesty the Yang Dipertuan Agong and the Malay Rulers.
 * Crescent Moon and Star: Symbolize the commitment of Malaysian Army members to Islam, the official religion of the State.
 * The words "Allah" and "Muhammad" symbolize God Almighty and the Messenger of Allah.
 * Diamonds: Represent the wealth enjoyed by Malaysians.
 * 16 rice flower garlands: Depict the 16 corps within the Malaysian Army.
 * Keris Bersilang Duku Ilang: Symbolises bravery and the unwavering commitment to fight to the last drop of blood.

Tactical structure
The Malaysian Army currently has 18 Corps and Regiments. These are grouped into 3 main components — the Combat Element, the Combat Support Element and the Support Elements.

The Corps and Regiments are currently organised into five divisions. Three of which (the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Divisions) are based on the Malay Peninsula and placed under Western Field Army Headquarters, while the other two (the 1st Division and 5th Division) are based on Malaysian Borneo and placed under Eastern Field Army Headquarters.

The 21st Special Service Group (the Army's special forces), 10th Parachute Brigade and the two Army Aviation Regiment are independent formations.

The Western Field Army Headquarters, Eastern Field Army Headquarters and two support commands (Army Training and Doctrine Headquarters, and Army Logistics Administration Headquarters) are placed under Army Headquarters (Army Command).

Chief of army
The current Chief of Army (Panglima Tentera Darat — PTD) is General Datuk Muhammad Hafizuddeain bin Jantan, who succeeded General Tan Sri Mohammad Ab Rahman on September 6, 2023, who was also appointed as the new Chief of Defence Forces (Malaysia) on the same day.

Rank structure
The Malaysian Army uses a rank structure inherited from the British Army. The Malaysian Army rank structure has 17 levels from Private (Prebet) to General (Jeneral). These ranks are divided into 2 main groups — Officer (Pegawai) and Other Ranks (Lain-Lain Pangkat) which includes the Non-Commissioned Officer (Pegawai Tidak Tauliah — PTT) ranks.

Corps and regiments

 * Rejimen Askar Melayu Diraja ('Royal Malay Regiment')
 * Rejimen Renjer Diraja ('Royal Ranger Regiment')
 * Rejimen Sempadan ('Border Regiment')
 * Kor Armor Diraja ('Royal Armoured Corps')
 * Rejimen Artileri Diraja ('Royal Artillery Regiment')
 * Rejimen Semboyan Diraja ('Royal Signals Regiment')
 * Kor Perkhidmatan Am ('General Services Corps')
 * Kor Polis Tentera Diraja ('Royal Military Police Corps')
 * Kor Kesihatan Diraja ('Royal Medical Corps')
 * Kor Risik Diraja ('Royal Intelligence Corps')
 * Kor Perkhidmatan Diraja ('Royal Logistics Corps')
 * Kor Ordnans Diraja ('Royal Ordnance Corps')
 * Rejimen Askar Jurutera Diraja ('Royal Engineer Regiment')
 * Kor Jurutera Letrik dan Jentera Diraja ('Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineer Corps')
 * Kor Agama Angkatan Tentera ('Religious Corps of the Armed Forces of Malaysia')
 * Rejimen Askar Wataniah ('Territorial Army Regiment')
 * Grup Gerak Khas ('Special Service Group')
 * Pasukan Udara Tentera Darat ('Army Air Corps')

Combat elements

 * Rejimen Askar Melayu Diraja

The Rejimen Askar Melayu Diraja ('Royal Malay Regiment') is the most senior regiment of the Malaysian Army. Its ranks are recruited from amongst the Malay population. The Regiment has 27 battalions. The 1st Battalion, the most senior in the Regiment, currently undertakes ceremonial and Royal Guard duties. The remainder are configured as 20 Standard Infantry Battalions, three Mechanised Infantry Battalions and three Parachute Infantry Battalions. The regiment uses rifle green berets except the three airborne battalions that wear maroon berets.

The 19th Bn Royal Malay Regiment (Mech) was involved in the rescue of U.S. 75th Ranger Regiment and Delta Force operatives in Somalia during the Battle of Mogadishu. The unit of 32 Radpanzer Condor APCs and 113 men from MALBATT 1 went in with the U.S. 10th Mountain Division to rescue the trapped Rangers. Four APCs were immobilised and were destroyed by US helicopter gunships. 19 Royal Malay Regiment suffered 1 soldier killed in action (KIA), PFC Mat Aznan Awang while 8 others were wounded in action (WIA). PFC Mat Aznan Awang was later promoted posthumously to Corporal and was awarded with Pingat Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa, the nation's highest gallantry award. In total, 7 officers and 26 NCOs were awarded various medals for their valour during the operation, the highest number of men recommended for medals in a single unit in a single operation.

 * Rejimen Renjer Diraja

The Rejimen Renjer Diraja ('Royal Ranger Regiment') is a multi-racial unit organised along similar lines to the Rejimen Askar Melayu Diraja. There are currently 11 battalions within this regiment. The Regiment traces its roots to the Sarawak Rangers and the Sarawak Constabulary, famed jungle trackers who had a deadly reputation during the Malayan Emergency and during the Communist Party of Malaya’s insurgency in Malaysia. The 8th Bn Royal Ranger Regiment (8 Renjer) was the first infantry battalion in the Malaysian Army to undergo conversion into an airborne battalion. The unit is currently assigned to the elite 10th Parachute Brigade. The Malaysian Army's most decorated soldier, WOI (Rtd) Kanang anak Langkau was a Regimental Sergeant Major of 8 Ranger.

 * Rejimen Sempadan

The Rejimen Sempadan ('Border Regiment') is a newly created regiment from the 300 series Territorial Army units in charge of the border. The Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister, Najib Razak, announced on 1 July 2006 the formation of a new regiment specifically for border patrol. Members of the regiment will be taken from various regiments and corps, most notably from the Rejimen Askar Wataniah. It is believed that the army will form about 2 to 3 brigades of this new regiment. The new regiment was officially raised on 9 February 2008 by Najib Razak at Tanah Merah, Kelantan.

 * Kor Armor Diraja

The Kor Armor Diraja (' Royal Armoured Corps') provides the armour capability for the Malaysian Army. Currently, the Corps consists of 5 battalions (sometimes referred to as Regiments), which are equipped with various armoured personnel carriers (AV-8 Gempita, SIBMAS AFSV-90, Condor, ACV-300 Adnan and K-200 KIFV) and light combat vehicles. Rejimen ke-11 of the Kor Armor Diraja is the sole user of 48 PT-91M Main Battle Tanks from Poland.

Combat support elements

 * Rejimen Artileri Diraja

The Rejimen Artileri Diraja ('Royal Artillery Regiment ') is the artillery corps of the Malaysian Army and provides artillery support and local air defence for army units. The regiment is equipped with 36 Brazilian-made Astros II multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS) and 28 G5 MkIII towed artillery guns from South Africa. Air defence is provided using a mix of Swiss Oerlikon twin 35 mm and Swedish Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft artillery and missile systems such as the Jernas and Starburst from the UK, Anza from Pakistan, FN-6 from China and Igla from Russia. Malaysia committed to purchase Starstreak V-Shorads missiles from the UK in 2015.

 * Rejimen Semboyan Diraja

The Rejimen Semboyan Diraja ('Royal Signals Regiment') is in charge of strategic communication, tactical communications, electronic warfare and early warning systems such as radar.

 * Kor Polis Tentera Diraja

The Kor Polis Tentera Diraja ('Royal Military Police Corps') deploys as part of the field army, in support of army operations, and enforces proper conduct among army personnel. Aside from being responsible for base security, the military police are also tasked with preventing and investigating criminal activities on army property or by military personnel.

 * Rejimen Askar Jurutera Diraja

The Rejimen Askar Jurutera Diraja ('Royal Engineers Regiment') is tasked with demolitions, bridge-laying and the repair of military infrastructure, such as airbase runways, or clearing obstacles in emergency situations.

 * Kor Jurutera Letrik dan Jentera Diraja

The Kor Jurutera Letrik dan Jentera Diraja ('Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers Corps') is responsible for the maintenance of all vehicles and machinery of the Malaysian Army.

 * Kor Risik Diraja

The Kor Risik Diraja ('Royal Intelligence Corps') specialises in psychological warfare (psyops), surveillance, intelligence, reconnaissance and counter-intelligence operations. Aside from handling propaganda and counter-propaganda, the corps is also tasked with conducting background checks on recruits when they first enroll in any training courses. There are two Army combat elements attached to the Kor Risik Diraja.

Services support elements

 * Kor Ordnans Diraja

The Kor Ordnans Diraja ('Royal Ordnance Corps') ensures that all military supplies and ordnance are stored, secured and inventoried properly.

 * Kor Agama Angkatan Tentera

The Kor Agama Angkatan Tentera (KAGAT; 'Armed Forces Religious Corps') performs religious (chaplainry) services for Muslim and Christian personnel of the Malaysian Army. It also provides counselling and conducts ritual prayers on the battlefield.

 * Kor Perkhidmatan Diraja

The Kor Perkhidmatan Diraja ('Royal Logistics Corps') is in charge of transporting troops and supplies to the various units of the Malaysian Army.

 * Kor Kesihatan Diraja

The Kor Kesihatan Diraja ('Royal Medical Corps') provides training for Army medics and other specialists. It runs the Armed Forces hospitals and provides the battlefield mobile hospitals. The unit has also provided relief MALMEDTIMs (Malaysian Medical Teams) to Pakistan, Afghanistan, Western Sahara, Indonesia and Palestine.

 * Kor Perkhidmatan Am

The Kor Perkhidmatan Am ('General Services Corps') handles administration and financial management for the entire army.

Elite forces

 * 21 Grup Gerak Khas

The 21 Grup Gerak Khas (21 GGK; '21st Special Service Group') is the Malaysian Army's special forces and commando unit. 21 GGK is one of the two Elite forces in the Malaysian Army. 21 GGK is the operational home of various specialists and the Commando regiments, which are capable of conducting unconventional warfare or special operations. One of the known foreign operations involving this regiment was in an attack by Somali militia on a convoy transporting UN Intelligence Chief in UNOSOM II on 18 July 1994. In the action, two members of the regiment were killed in action, while another four were wounded. One of the injured men was taken hostage by the militia and was released nine hours later.

 * 10th Parachute Brigade

The 10th Parachute Brigade (10 Para Bde; 10 Briged Payung Terjun — 10 Bgd Para) is an elite airborne unit tasked with being rapidly deployed inside or outside the boundaries of Malaysia. 10 Para is the key element of the Malaysian Rapid Deployment Force (Pasukan Aturgerak Cepat — PAC) and it is Malaysia primary main offensive force in time of war or emergencies.

Army air corps

 * Pasukan Udara Tentera Darat

The Pasukan Udara Tentera Darat ('Army Air Corps') is the army aviation branch formed around a core of Royal Malaysian Air Force officers. This new Army formation is tasked with liaison duties, providing limited transport capabilities, close air support and also air reconnaissance using light observation helicopters. The unit currently has three squadron, 881 Army Aviation Regiment, 882 Army Aviation Regiment and 883 Army Aviation Regiment. The main Army Air Corps base is located in Kluang, Johor. As 2019, the Air Corps is equipped with 10 AgustaWestland AW109 light helicopters and 14 Sikorsky S61A-4 medium helicopter. The 882 Army Aviation Regiment will be received new Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk to replaced its aeging Sikorsky S61A-4 while the 883 Army Aviation Regiment has received 6 units of MD530G light attack helicopter in 2022.

Reserves unit

 * Rejimen Askar Wataniah

The Rejimen Askar Wataniah ('Territorial Army Regiment') forms the second line of Malaysia's defence. Formed by college students, professionals and civilians, it provides support for the regular armed forces of Malaysia and is responsible for the security of key installations in times of conflict. Originally tasked with area and local defence, the Rejimen Askar Wataniah units have been reconfigured and will perform front line duties alongside regular units when the need arises. Rejimen Askar Wataniah units, such as armoured squadrons, are integral units of several Kor Armor Diraja regiments.

Rapid reaction infantry battalion

 * Batalion Siap Sedia Tentera Darat

The Batalion Siap Sedia Tentera Darat (BSSTD; 'Army Rapid Battalion — ARB') is a combat ready battalion of the Malaysian Army. The ARB can be deployed to overseas conflict areas in short notice under order of the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UN DPKO). The battalion consists of multiple capabilities, including special operations, armour, infantry and Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defence (CBRN defence). Currently, the 7th Battalion, Royal Ranger Regiment (Mechanised) (7 RRD (Mek)) is assigned as the main combat element for the ARB. The 7 RRD (Mek) is supported by various corps and regiments, including special ops operators from the Malaysian Army counter-terrorism regiment, the 11th Special Service Regiment.

Strength
The personnel strength of the Malaysian Army is approximately 80,000 personnel in the Active Army, 50,000 in the Active Reserve  and 26,600 active and 244,700 reservists in the paramilitary.

The Malaysian Army consists of 5 infantry divisions, 11 infantry brigades, 1 mechanised brigade, 3 border brigades, 1 special forces brigade and 1 airborne brigade composed of:
 * 30 Light Infantry Battalions
 * 4 Airborne Infantry (Paratrooper) Battalions
 * 4 Mechanised Infantry Battalions
 * 5 Armoured Battalions (1 Tank Regiment)
 * 1 light tank squadron
 * 14 Artillery Regiments (4 Air Defence)
 * 3 Special Forces Regiments
 * 3 field engineer regiments
 * 1 construction engineer regiment
 * 1 airborne infantry squadron
 * 4 military police regiments
 * 1 signals regiment
 * 1 intelligence unit
 * 3 helicopter squadrons

The territorial army includes:
 * 16 light infantry regiments
 * 4 specialist engineer regiments

Present development
Since the recovery from the 1997 economic crisis, Malaysian Army along with other branches of the Malaysian Armed Forces has regained momentum in its modernising programs.

Firearms
Currently, the American-made M4 carbine is standard issue for all army units while the Steyr AUG is only in limited use by certain units and the former standard issue M16A1 rifle is only use for ceremonial purposes and by Rejimen Askar Wataniah. Both the M4 carbine and the Steyr AUG are locally produced by SME Ordnance although the Steyr AUG rifle is no longer in production. In conjunction of LIMA 2023, United Arab Emirates EDGE Group had signed an agreement with Malaysian company Ketech Asia Sdn Bhd for the production of CARACAL firearms locally through the transfer of technology.

Tanks
The first major procurement was to set a milestone by building its first ever main battle tank regiment. Malaysian Army received delivery of 48 units PT-91M Pendekar main battle tanks and other tank-based equipment like ARV WZT-4 from Poland with fully completed contract of sale in March 2010. As of 2024, the army is planning to upgrade all PT-91M Pendekar tanks with the planned SLEP program. In 2016, a Malaysian company Etika Strategi Sdn Bhd made an agreement with Rheinmetall and Otokar on the possibility of working together on the Turkish joint venture Altay MBT.

Armoured combat vehicles
Malaysian Army is also rapidly mechanising its current inventory - 267 units locally manufactured DefTech ACV-300 Adnan IFVs were acquired by the army in 2004 and 111 units K200 KIFV also purchased from South Korea. Following the procurement of the Pakistani Bakhtar-Shikan ATGM, they were installed on the ACV-300 Adnans. As of 2023, the army will be modernising 60 ACV-300 Adnans in a Service Life Extension Program (SLEP). The army planned the SLEP for the entire ACV-300 Adnan and K200 KIFV fleet. The AV4 Lipanbara MRAPs were also manufactured by DefTech for the army and are stationed in East Malaysia ESSCOM area of operations. In 2014, the army also procured the locally produced DefTech AV8 Gempita which is based on the Turkish FNSS Pars and manufactured with FNSS Defence Systems assistance. A Malaysian company AVP Engineering has teamed up with a South Korean defence company Doosan DST to offer Black Fox 6x6 wheeled armoured vehicle if it was selected by the Malaysian government. In 2017, Malaysian Army acquired IAG Guardian armoured vehicle for uses in peacekeeping missions in Lebanon. Malaysian Army planned to add locally made light armoured vehicle in their inventory. In 2019, Malaysian government issues a tender for the new multipurpose light armoured vehicle. The variants sought for this new vehicle is the fitted for radio, mortar carrier, anti-tank guided missile carrier, light assault vehicle and special operation vehicle. This new light armoured vehicle is uses to augment the fleets of URO VAMTAC and locally made Weststar GK-M1/M2. In August 2020, the Ministry of Defence is preparing for an open competition to find the replacement for the armoured vehicle to replace the Condor APC and SIBMAS IFV. About 250-400 Armoured Fighting Vehicle were requested by the army, specifically in 4x4 and 6x6 configurations. As of 2024, the army has put in an order for 178 vehicles of the new Mildef Tarantula HMAV and more than 207 vehicles of the Cendana Auto 4x4 have also been delivered to the army since 2021. In Defence Services Asia (DSA) 2022 exhibition, Mildef International Technologies has launched its second armoured vehicle called Mildef Rentaka 4x4. In same exhibition also, Malaysia signed a contract to purchase Ejder Yalcin for Malaysian Army to be use by the UNIFIL contingent.

Artillery
Despite adding some 28 units of South African G5 Mk III 155 mm howitzers, another major procurement was 18 units of Astros MLRS from Brazil, which delivery was completed in 2006. A second batch of 18 units MRLS was ordered in 2007. The United States reportedly agreed to transfer a total of 29 pieces of M109 howitzer artillery to the Malaysian Army but this deal was cancelled at the last minute. In 2018, Malaysian Army ordered 18 units of Nexter LG1 Mk III 105 mm howitzers.

Air defense
There is also a requirement for an upgrade to the current air defense network. However, a dispute between the army and the air force on whether to introduce a mid-range surface-to-air missile system had led to the procurement being put on hold. According to a recent interview of the army's chief of staff, Ismail bin Haji Jamaluddin, the army has no intention of taking over the mid-range air defence role. Malaysian defence company, Weststar Defence Industries and its subsidiary Global Komited, has partnered with British air defence company, Thales for the distribution of Starstreak surface-to-air missile to the Malaysian Army.

Aircraft
Malaysian Army is now shifting its emphasis on enhancing its air wing. In September 2006, Malaysian Army received its 11th and last Agusta Westland AW109. These helicopters are to initially complement, and ultimately replace, the ageing SA316B Aérospatiale Alouette III helicopters. Some of them were to be installed with light arms and to be tasked to a scout observation unit. Furthermore, the army will also receive S61A-4 Nuri multipurpose helicopters after they are retired from RMAF and these will form the backbone of the army's very first air transport units - 881 and 882 squadrons of the army air wing. To boost the security in eastern Sabah from the attacks by militants in the southern Philippines, especially in the Sulu Sea, the Malaysian government has purchased a total of six McDonnell Douglas MD-530G light attack helicopters from the United States for the Malaysian Army. In 2023, the army acquired Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter as the replacement for the S61A-4 Nuri.

Future soldier system and network centric operation system
The Malaysian Army currently has a soldier modernisation programme called the Future Soldier System (FSS). Under the FSS, The Malaysian Army plans to equip all soldiers with Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) such as Kevlar helmets, Kevlar vests, Oakley goggles and ear protection equipment. The programme also includes arming all the standard issue M4 carbines with SOPMOD kits, as well as equipping soldiers with a Glock series pistol. Sapura, a Malaysian electronics company, is offering their SAKTI Soldier System concept via work in three areas: Head Sub-System (HSS), Body Sub-System (BSS) and Weapon Sub-System (WSS). The HSS consists of a Helmet–Mounted Micro Camera and night vision capability with a data output, helmet-mounted display and earpiece and microphone. The BSS consists of a controller system, energy unit with a power pack for the communication interface, micro-camera and HMD with a single polymer lithium-ion battery for up to ten hours of operation; a communications interface for secure IP-based radio which from the image is a Thales radio and finally a navigation unit with a display for blue force tracking and situational awareness, colour digital mapping and terrain and urban profile analysis. The system displayed is visually similar to the Kord Defence SmartGrip RIC developed in partnership with Thales Australia. The WSS consists of a Rifle Control Unit consisting of a five-button wireless controller for one handed use with key features including push to talk for the radio, switching the HMD on and off, turning the HMD brightness up and down as well as video transmission to friendly forces.

The FSS in conjunction with the Network Centric Operation (NCO) System, will give the three branches of the Armed Forces a shared situational awareness, interoperability and a common operating picture via a X-band satellite-based link and a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system, with hopes to enable self-synchronisation for all three branches. The programme will go through several phases, with Phase 1A (the implementation of the Mobile X-band satellite communication linked) and Phase 2 (the demonstration of the capabilities of the FSS with NCO) being successful and operational in 2017. In 2018, during the annual DSA convention, the Malaysian Army showcased a joint exercise between the NCO systems via Army Operations Room and soldiers equipped with FSS systems, where the Army Operations Room coordinated the soldiers doing numerous activities, first being a live firing of a 3-man squad involving the usage of artillery and how precise the accuracy of the artilleries via the FSS and NCO equipment, second being in an Army Training Centre, and last being a real simulation operation in East Malaysia. Currently, several combat elements such as the 12th Royal Malay Regiment and the 4th Mechanised Brigade are outfitted with the system. Through the use of this system, the Malaysian Army is able to operate anywhere throughout the world, especially during United Nations Operations.

title: Malaysian Army


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zander D

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted by User:Xezbeth as patent nonsense. Sjakkalle 08:18, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * 06:09, 31 May 2005 Xezbeth deleted "Zander D" (patent nonsense)

Zander D
Prank/fiction/unverifiable/whatever. Zero hits for "Zander D" candi. From article: "By 2012 it was completed. Zander, Candi and Crystal won the Nobel science prize, the Nobel peace prize and the Nobel PIMP prize."
 * Speedy. Too bad it's not funny enough for BJAODN. A Man In Black 05:08, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I don't know if you've noticed, but BJAODN doesn't have particularly high standards ;) Oh, and speedy delete. — Phil Welch 05:56, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy. Patent nonsense, e.g., "He ran for presidency in 2010." Brenton 05:26, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, patent nonsense. --Angr/undefined 06:01, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 06:07, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Gluon condensate

In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the gluon condensate is a non-perturbative property of the QCD vacuum which could be partly responsible for giving masses to light mesons.

If the gluon field tensor is represented as Gμν, then the gluon condensate is the vacuum expectation value $$\langle G_{\mu\nu}G^{\mu\nu}\rangle$$. It is not clear yet whether this condensate is related to any of the known phase changes in quark matter. There have been scattered studies of other types of gluon condensates, involving a different number of gluon fields.

For more on the context in which this quantity occurs, see the article on the QCD vacuum.

title: Gluon condensate


text:
File:Dächingen.jpg

Summary
Coat of Arms for the City of Dächingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

title: File:Dächingen.jpg


text:
Dawson Charlie

Dawson Charlie or K̲áa Goox̱ [qʰáː kuːχ] (c. 1865 – 26 December 1908) was a Canadian Tagish/Tlingit First Nation person and one of the co-discoverers of gold at Discovery Claim that led to the Klondike Gold Rush located in the Yukon territory of Northwest Canada. He was the nephew of Keish, also known as Skookum Jim Mason, and accompanied him on his search for his aunt, Kate Carmack. He staked one of the first three claims in the Klondike, along with his uncle and George Carmack. Storyteller Angela Sidney was a niece.

By 1901, Charlie had adopted the legal name of "Charles Henderson." There is a conflict as to Charlie's year of birth, between the information that Charlie provided during the 1901 census and the information on his tombstone. The census indicates 1864 or 1865 as his year of birth. The tombstone indicates 1866 as his year of birth.

He died in Carcross, Yukon, when he fell off the White Pass and Yukon Route railway bridge.

title: Dawson Charlie


text:
Antti Autti

 (born 15 March 1985) is a Finnish snowboarder who won the Men's Superpipe at the 2005 Winter X Games. He is one of two snowboarders, along with Steve Fisher, ever to beat American snowboarder Shaun White in the X Games Superpipe.

Autti is the first non-American to win the event. He began his final run with back-to-back 1080s, and is only the third snowboarder to land the sequence in competition, behind Michael McBee and Ross Powers.

His technical performance sparked the "1080 Revolution" and set a new standard in men's halfpipe competition, where athletes must throw at least one 1080, if not two back-to-back, in order to do well in contests. Just two weeks earlier, he was crowned double World Champion in Big Air and the halfpipe at the 2005 Snowboarding World Championships in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada.

Biography
Born to Yrjö and Katariina Autti, Autti hails from Rovaniemi, a 55,000 population city that sits on the Arctic Circle and is considered the gateway to the Lapland region of Finland. Athletic genes run in his family – Autti's younger brother Tuomas is an aspiring freestyle skier, and his uncle is Arto Autti, who was a defender on the Finnish National football team. Autti started snowboarding in spring 1995 after he saw someone snowboarding while on a skiing vacation with his family at the Ylläs ski center in Lapland.

2004–2005
Following his breakthrough at the World Championships and the Winter X Games, Autti went on to finish second at the 2005 Nippon Open, third at the 2005 U.S. Open Snowboarding Championships and first in Big Air at the Arctic Challenge, the exclusive snowboarding event founded by Terje Haakonsen. He was also awarded Best Tweak for his switch backside 540, which is his favorite trick.

In April 2005, it was officially announced that Autti would represent Finland at the 2006 Winter Olympics.

Over the summer of 2005 at the end of July, he competed in Nokia's Totally Board in Taiwan. Autti embarked on Billabong's Freeway Tour in August, which spirits Billabong-sponsored riders to various contests in Australia and New Zealand. He won the Perisher Pipe Cup and took third in the Slopestyle Jam. It was Autti's first time Down Under, and he likes New Zealand's famed Snowpark because it is like a "big playground," and it reminds him of Finland because "you can see everyone from the lift." Australian snowboarders on the Tour, Nick Gregory and Clint Allan, introduced Autti to their country's native wombats and kangaroos and got him addicted to pies.

2005–2006
Autti kicked off the 2005–2006 World Cup season with third and first-place finishes in Valle Nevado, Chile, in September. He followed it in October with a second place podium in Saas-Fee, Switzerland.

During Finland's Annual Skiexpo in November 2005, Autti was awarded Rider of the Year by Slammer Magazine's Riders of the Year Awards. He received the most votes in a readers internet poll. He also finished ninth in Finland's annual Sports Athlete of the Year poll, voted on by sports magazine journalists.

Before the end of 2005, Autti competed in the X-Trail Jam in Japan and finished fifth in the quarterpipe and fourth in the straight jump. For his banner year, he was invited to Finland's President's Ball in December, an annual banquet honoring all of the elite athletes, politicians, celebrities, and public figures in Finland. Autti attended the event with Mattila, where they met the President, Tarja Halonen — who was re-elected for a second term on January 29, 2006 — and her husband Pentti Arajärvi.

Autti competed in the Burton European Open in Laax, Switzerland, in January 2006, taking second place in slopestyle. Two days later, riding with a bruised rib, he finished fourth in the halfpipe.

At the 2006 Winter X Games, the extremely icy pipe proved to be hazardous to numerous riders, including Autti, and he came up short in his defense of his gold medal, finishing sixth.

Two weeks later at the 2006 Winter Olympics, despite a near-flawless run, he finished fifth with a controversial low score of 39.1 that elicited plenty of "boos" from fans in the stands. Bronze medalist and teammate Markku Koski felt the same way, stating it should have been Autti on the podium.

After a two-week stay in Japan, Autti returned to the top of the podium at the Vans Cup at Tahoe in March and pocketed $20,000. He finished the season with a sixth-place finish in the quarterpipe and 10th-place finishes in the halfpipe and slopestyle at the 2006 U.S. Open.

In April 2006, Autti and his Flow teammates swept the TransWorld Team Challenge, taking five awards, including Best Halfpipe Rider for Autti.

In December 2006, he scored third place at the Nokia Air & Style in Munich, Germany. The Air & Style is considered one of the biggest and most prestigious events in Europe.

Present
Autti has not competed recently and has been more focused on making video of backcountry riding.

2008–2009
Autti participated in the Winter X Games 12. He finished third in Best Trick Showdown, seventh in Snowboard Superpipe, and fourth in Snowboard Slopestyle. Most recently he won the 2008 Toyota Big Air Japan beating his fellow Flow teammate Risto Mattila, who came in second place.

2009–
Autti placed third in the men's superpipe competition in X Games 13.

Off the snow
Autti, who speaks Finnish, English and Swedish, enjoys skateboarding, photography, salmiakki, movies (especially Johnny Depp films) and music. Some of his favorite artists include Turbonegro, The Hellacopters, Led Zeppelin, The Doors, David Bowie, Social Distortion, The Datsuns and Mötley Crüe. He listened to Mötley Crüe's "Kickstart My Heart" — which he dubs "probably the best song ever" — during his gold medal-winning run at the 2005 X Games. Autti's favorite drink is scotch without rocks, and he says he would be a bartender if he were not a snowboarder. He says he cannot define himself as an athlete in the traditional sense because "in my opinion I'm a snowboarder and my own person." The best part of being a professional snowboarder, he feels, is traveling around the world, meeting new people and experiencing new cultures.

Always calm, cool and collected, Autti tries not to stress himself out too much if he is not riding well because he believes it is important to not lose the fun of snowboarding, echoing his advice to future shredders: "It'd be best if people that throw themselves into snowboarding understood what this sport is about. The competitions alone don't mean everything. There'll always be more of them. In my opinion, the fun going-ons and the smile on your face are a lot more important. Doing well's nice, no doubt about it, but it's important that you don't lose the pleasure of the riding itself in the competing."

Sponsors
Autti is sponsored by Billabong, Transform Gloves, Nokia, Shred Optics, Northwave and Drake.

title: Antti Autti


text:
Harcourt Park

Harcourt Park is a nonprofit cottaging corporation established in 1959 by the Sumcot Development Corporation in the Municipality of Dysart et al, Haliburton County in Central Ontario, Canada.

Geography
Harcourt Park is located in Harcourt Township near the small community of Harcourt, Ontario in Haliburton County. The park is approximately 240 km northeast of Toronto and approximately 250 km west of Ottawa. It has 6900 acre of land, 18 lakes, and 600 surveyed properties that are individually leased in favor of private ownership. The Town of Bancroft is the closest community nearby, with a population exceeding 1,000.

Ownership
Ownership of property within the park is titled to Harcourt Park Inc., and is subject to private lease, granting a membership in the corporation, a single vote and the eligibility to become a member on the volunteer Board of Directors. Annual lease fees provide services within the park, including road maintenance, fish stocking, community events, and security. Eight lakes in the park have cottages and four permit motorized watercraft: Straggle Lake, Little Straggle Lake, Allen Lake, and Kennaway Lake.

Recreation
The Harcourt Park Marina, located on Little Straggle Lake, serves as a local grocery store, hardware store, and marine mechanic. Nearby, the Harcourt Park Community Center serves cottagers' many recreational and social needs. A network of over 50 km worth of trails extends its way through Harcourt Park, including the northern terminating end of the Ontario Federation of Snowmobile Clubs’ "E" Trail.

Natural history
Harcourt Park is situated between the two drainage basins: spring and rainwater feed into its lakes, which empty into either the Trent River or the Madawaska River systems. Due to extensive logging of the region in the early portion of the twentieth century, the majority of Harcourt Park's interior is made up of new-growth maple, along with a scattering of fir, hemlock, cedar, and birch. Wildlife within the park is extensive and diverse because of its proximity to Algonquin Provincial Park and its relative isolation, and includes black b and includes black bears, moose, white-tailed deer, coyotes, otters, beavers, and a number of other smaller mammals, birds, insects, and reptiles. A variety of fish are found within the park's various lakes, including Smallmouth bass, Largemouth bass, Rock bass, Lake trout, and Rainbow trout. Harcourt Park is protected from further cottage development and owns all logging rights.

title: Harcourt Park


text:
Larry Probst

Lawrence Francis Probst III (born June 3, 1950) is an American businessman who is best known for his work with the video game publisher Electronic Arts, including acting as CEO from 1991 until 2007 and as executive chairman from 2013–14. He remains chairman of EA and served as chairman of the United States Olympic Committee until 2019.

Life
Probst was born on July 3, 1950. He is the son of Ruth (née Gallagher) and Lawrence Francis Probst II. He and his wife Nancy have two sons. He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Delaware.

Entertainment career
Probst worked for Johnson & Johnson and Clorox before being recruited into the video game industry through Activision in 1982. Two years later he joined EA as vice president for sales until 1986. He then took on the role of the company's senior vice president of the publishing division from 1986–90. He was promoted to president of Electronic Arts in 1990, remaining in that position until 1997. During this time, he was also pronounced CEO of Electronic Arts in 1991, which he held onto until April 2007. Next Generation named his one of the "75 Most Important People in the Games Industry of 1995", remarking that "Probst may not be as colorful a character as his predecessor [ Trip Hawkins], but he does seem adept at combining the freedom and daring of creativity with the restraints and common sense of a commercial operation."

When president and chief operating officer John Riccitiello resigned in April 2004, Probst became his successor. Riccitiello was re-hired as CEO in 2007, he retained his non-operational duties as chairman. He then worked as executive chairman of Electronic Arts Inc. from March 18, 2013, to January 1, 2015, and former chief executive officer of the company.

According to EA's 2005 Annual Report, Probst is the biggest individual shareholder in EA, owning 739,761 shares and the right to acquire a further 3.1 million, which combined accounts for 1.2 percent of the company. Probst sits on the boards of two cancer research groups: the V Foundation and ABC2.

In addition to his work at Electronic Arts, Probst also served as the chairman of Digital Entertainment Corporation of America.

Olympic career
In 2008, he was made the U.S. Olympic Committee chairman of the board. Five years after his appointment as chairman of the USOC, Probst was elected as an IOC member at the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires in September 2013. Probst worked with many other IOC groups as well. Probst has served on the IOC International Relations and the IOC Radio and Television Commissions. He assumed the position of chair of the IOC Press Commission in 2014. At the end of 2018 Probst retired from his IOC and USOC positions.

title: Larry Probst


text:
Talk:International High School of San Francisco

Untitled
IHS students, faculty, and alumni... Please help out here! Let's see if we can get this page up to a good size... Take Lowell's page for inspiration... We need a page that looks like that! lelandpaul 04:57, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Some of the writing in this article does not conform to Wikipedia's style. I removed a few sections that read like promotional writing. --Vince 08:11, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

I checked the SAT scores listed on this page with the SAT scores in the UC database ( http://pathinfo.ucop.edu/cgi-bin/awpe/school_detail.pl?cdsid=052943&year=2005 ) and found that they did not match. Is it possible that only the IB average scores are listed on this site? If so, that should be clarified. If that is not the case, this misinformation should be corrected. --Reilly 19:55, 24 August 2006

Yea I'm unsure of the source of the contribution. Feel free to change it Reilly. Thanks for your contributions on this article. --Vince 05:13, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I did so. --Reilly 07:59, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 03:43, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Additions to article
I rushed some additions and welcome my content being actively edited. As to some comments above, it's true that some books comparing private schools in SF have no standardized test results for this school, and it may be because the focus on language immersion and foreign culture may skew the data. Yet its graduates end up at schools like Amherst, Barnard, Bucknell, Cambridge, Cornell, Eugene Lang, Fordham, London schoool of Economics, Harvard, Loyola, McGill, Middlebury, Mills College, Northeastern, Oberlein, Oxford, Wellesley, Sarah Lawrence, several French Universities, all the UC campuses, etc.(from the "Class of 2007 - Colleges Attending" list).

DonL (talk) 20:35, 2 June 2008 (UTC)


text: Category:Washington State Legislature

title: Category:Washington State Legislature


text:
Talk:Cornelius Rodousakis

Untitled
locum tenes? a Latin phrase in a greek church?

locum tenes is latin

 * Locum tenens (sic) is the term being used in the various English news stories regarding Metropolitan Cornelius's position. It's also standard usage throughout the English-speaking Orthodox world.  --—Preost  talk  contribs  12:47, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Cornelius Rodousakis


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Pjacobi

Pjacobi
final (17/1/0) ending 05:00 7 June 2005 (UTC)

Pjacobi seems to be tireless in his efforts to clean up physics-related Wikipedia articles with POV or factual errors, and judging by his edit history and statement of interests, he appears to be doing similar work in other subjects that I'm less familiar with. In my opinion, granting him adminship would make him an even bigger credit to Wikipedia than he already is. --Christopher Thomas 05:02, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Candidate please indicate acceptance of the nomination here

I accept my nomination, but have some some doubts (see Q&A) whether I'm the ideal admin. Judge yourself with your votes. --Pjacobi 07:50, 2005 May 31 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Support, for reasons stated in the nomination text. --Christopher Thomas 05:13, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support. I'm wondering why he's not an admin already? --  05:30, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Of course. El_C 07:48, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Support, completely sane. Charles Matthews 10:02, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Support, lovely bedside manner with the intellectually challenged, see below. Bishonen | talk 21:45, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Don't recall seeing much of this user's work, but the answers to questions seem honest and almost self-critical, important virtues for an admin. Everyking 23:11, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Cool. JuntungWu 05:59, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Aye  = Nichalp  ( Talk )= 19:10, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Support. Maximally.  In the ultrastrong topology. He is one of my favorite editors on WP and am thrilled when I see has posted something on a page I have an interest in. I should warn people that Pjacobi is the Anticrank.--CSTAR 23:40, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Support. Ambi 01:36, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Support--Duk 16:13, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Support Zzyzx11 (Talk) 01:36, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Support -- Hoary 04:29, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)
 * 14) Strong support. Great attitude, honest, contributions have meat to them... sure! Give this guy an adminship! Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk 18:32, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) Support Only the True admin candidate would deny, etc, etc.  Also more Puerto Rico-playing admins can only be a good thing.  Alai 17:04, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 16) Support — I like Pjacobi's attitude. Real people make good admins. — mark ✎ 12:13, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) Andre ( talk ) 22:58, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Oppose Does not meet my admin criterion. If you disagree and think that you do and would like me to reconsider, please leave a note on my userpage, jguk 17:43, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Neutral
 * I'm not quite concerned enough to oppose, but my few past dealings with this user have left me too wondering if he's ideal admin material. Ambi 06:57, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC) Changed to support.

Comments
 * I think it's a positive, not negative, thing to have experience of conflict and arguing, and I think I'm likely to support this editor, but it's hard to dig out any history from the way he gives the information below. Pjacobi, could you please provide a selection of diffs for a selection of the conflicts you feel are most illustrative? I hate to ask this, I do know how much work it is, but I really would like to know what actually went down. Not for all the cases by any means, but, uh, a few juicy ones. Bishonen | talk 20:03, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The talk page Talk:Vril is the nearly exclusive territory of User:Sam Spade and me, no diff necessary in that case, for an article space action see e.g. . Also my three unsuccessfull attempts to close the NPOV issue at ODP are intact on the talk page:, , . Article space action at Biophoton:.
 * Trying to focus on facts at Testatika:, argueing how an alleged perpetual motion machine should be covered by Wikipedia, if at all: , argueing at the VfD: (We've met there!).
 * Sorry, did only a quick scan, I'll be away until 2005-06-04, then I can give more answers.
 * Pjacobi 20:39, 2005 May 31 (UTC)
 * Aha, I do remember the meeting! One of us was talking through their hat, funnily enough it wasn't you. There's no need for any more AFAIC, you cover yourself in glory in being patient with my idiocy. :-) Bishonen | talk 21:45, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. While I'm regulary on Wikipedia, I don't invest so much time, as an admin should perhaps do, and so the amount of work would be limited. Obviously I'd do vandalism reverts of my usual watch list, but not much different from today. For extra hours available I'd give VfD resolution a try, as I feel this process suffers from (among other things) a hefty backlog. --Pjacobi 07:50, 2005 May 31 (UTC)
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. Actually I'm not a great author, and both in absolute numbers and relative to my number of edits, I started only a small number of pages. Filling some gaps (even with stubs) and cleaning up are my preferences.So let me present contributions like giving solemn and Simple vows a place on en.wikipedia (even if only from CathEnc), documenting the Kamenicky encoding, or the Medireview debacle (narrowly escaped VfD), or cleaning up Electroencephalography. --Pjacobi 07:50, 2005 May 31 (UTC)
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A. Actually quite often, in my subjective feeling. Is it approbiate to give the actual names here? I'll do, so you can ask them yourself:
 * With almost everybody about using Category:Fictional to tag all articles about fictional persons, places and everything (I've given this one up, and un-watched all related pages)
 * With Reddi in fruitless attempts to make Testatika an encyclopedic article.
 * With Netesq (more) and Ambi (less) about the never ending story of Open Directory Project and the article's NPOV-tag.
 * With anonymous contributors and throw-away accounts like Diurne about the distinction of Biophotons and Biophotonics. Also with de:User:Superheld as this is a multi-Wikipedia dispute.
 * With Caroline Thompson about Bell's Theorem and related pages.
 * With Timharwoodx about Adams motor and "Parallel path" (now deleted).
 * With Sam Spade about Vril and Nazi mysticism
 * With several "Premies" and "Ex-Premies" about Prem Rawat related articles, see the rather absurd VfD discussion and the talk about "secret knowledge" in Talk:Techniques of Knowledge.
 * With Ungtss and others in several Cosmology related articles about the relative standings of standard and non-standard cosmologies.
 * I've tried to argue with those argueing and reverted those who didn't argue. And I pause argueing for several months if no progress is made. I don't see significant changes in this, especially considering that no admin's buttons are to be used in content disputes you are involved in.
 * Pjacobi 07:50, 2005 May 31 (UTC)


text:
Quakers Hill railway station

Quakers Hill railway station is located on the Richmond line, serving the Sydney suburb of Quakers Hill. It is served by Sydney Trains T1 Western and T5 Cumberland line services.

History
Quakers Hill station opened in 1872 as Douglas Siding. It was renamed Quakers Hill on 30 March 1905 and relocated to its present location on 29 June 1939. Two sets of points at the southern end of the station allow trains to terminate on either platform.

The station had a crossing loop until the line from Marayong was duplicated to Quakers Hill in 2002. In 2011, the second track was extended to Schofields with a new overhead concourse with lists completed at the same time. As a result, T5 Cumberland line services were extended to terminate at Schofields.

Train line and services
During the week, Quakers Hill has four services an hour in both directions. Two of these services come from the city while the other two run between Schofields and Leppington. In the peak, Quakers Hill is serviced by six services an hour on the T1 Western Line. Late at nights, T1 Western Line services do not run to Quakers Hill and only 2 T5 Cumberland Line services run every hour between Leppington and Richmond.

On the weekends, the T1 Western Line operates a service from Richmond to North Sydney every 30 minutes which stops at Quakers Hill in both directions. Quakers Hill is also serviced by T5 Cumberland Line services on weekends with services running between Schofields and Liverpool.

Transport links
Busways operates two bus routes via Quakers Hill station, under contract to Transport for NSW:
 * 732: Rouse Hill Station to Blacktown station via Schofields and Acacia Gardens
 * 752: Rouse Hill Station to Blacktown station via The Ponds

Quakers Hill station is served by one NightRide route:
 * N71: Richmond station to City (Town Hall)

title: Quakers Hill railway station