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Legal research

Legal research is "the process of identifying and retrieving information necessary to support legal decision-making. In its broadest sense, legal research includes each step of a course of action that begins with an analysis of the facts of a problem and concludes with the application and communication of the results of the investigation."

The processes of legal research vary according to the country and the legal system involved. Legal research involves tasks such as:
 * 1) Finding primary sources of law, or primary authority, in a given jurisdiction. The main primary sources of law include constitutions, case law, statutes, and regulations.
 * 2) Searching secondary authority for background information about legal topics.  Secondary authorities can come in many forms, such as law reviews, legal dictionaries, legal treatises, and legal encyclopedias such as American Jurisprudence and Corpus Juris Secundum.
 * 3) Searching non-legal sources for investigative or supporting factual information.

Legal research is performed by anyone with a need for legal information, including lawyers, law librarians, and paralegals. Sources of legal information can include printed books, free legal research websites (like Cornell Law School's Legal Information Institute, Findlaw.com, Martindale Hubbell, or CanLII), and websites or software providing paid access to legal research databases such as Wolters Kluwer, LexisNexis, Westlaw, Lex Intell, VLex, and Bloomberg Law. Law libraries around the world provide research services to help their patrons in law schools, law firms, and other research environments find the legal information they need. Many law libraries and institutions provide free access to legal information on the web, either individually or via collective action, such as with the Free Access to Law Movement.

Free-to-use
Although many jurisdictions publish laws online, case law is often accessed through specialty online databases. Free-to-access services, through the free law movement, include: Australasian Legal Information Institute, British and Irish Legal Information Institute, CanLII, Law Library Resource Xchange, Legal Information Institute, Lex Intell, and LexML Brasil.

A variety of commercial services offer free tools to conduct legal research as well. Google offers a free, searchable database of federal and state case law as part of Google Scholar.

Commercial
Commercial services for legal research include both primary and secondary sources. Commercial services can be country-specific, international, or comparative. As of 2010, commercial legal research tools in the United States generated an estimated $8 billion in revenues per year.

Some governments also provide access to certain resources through paid databases, such as the United States PACER law system.

Third-party legal research providers
Legal research may be done by lawyers and individuals who are not lawyers. Due to the complexity of laws and regulated nature of the practice of law, legal research is often completed by lawyers. Legal research is known to take significant time and effort, and access to online legal research databases can be costly. Individuals and corporations therefore often outsource legal research to law firms that have specialized legal knowledge and research tools. Even still, with due consideration given to ethical concerns, law firms and other practitioners may turn to third-party legal research providers to outsource their own legal research needs.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Legal research


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Steel Attack

Steel Attack is a Swedish power metal band from Sala, formed in 1995.

Biography
Stefan Westerberg and Dennis Vestman formed Mayer's Eve in 1995. The band changed their name to Steel Attack in 1997 due to many coming and going members.

The band started out with the style of European power metal bands, with lyrical content about epic battles, dragons and swords mixed with high-pitched vocals. Albums from that time is Where Mankind Fails (1999), Fall into Madness (2001) and the album Predator of the Empire (2003). However, with a change of vocalist in 2003 (Ronny Hemlin), the band and the 2004 album Enslaved got a new "direction," both musically and lyrically. Their old power metal sound was re-wrought to be more aggressive, and the standard lyrical content of most power metal bands (dragons, swords, etc.) was no longer used. Ronny brought more mystical, mature, religion-related lyrics, in order to fit the band's new heavier sound.

With the 2006 release Diabolic Symphony, the band developed further to include more progressive metal elements. Diabolic Symphony is their most diverse album to date. New to the album was the use of keyboards, which helped to take a big step forward in creating a bigger, epic sound.

During 2007 three members decided to leave the band, Anden Andersson, Tony Elfving and Johan Jalonen. Since then, all three positions have been replaced, namely Johan Löfgren (bass), Peter Morén (drums) and Simon Johansson (guitars).

This new line-up of the band recorded their new album "Carpe DiEnd" during end of 2007/beginning of 2008 and the album was released 22 February 2008 by Massacre Records.

In the beginning of 2009 guitarist Simon Johansson quit the band for personal reasons, and his replacement was the returning guitarist Johan Jalonen Penn.

On 23 November, Steel Attack parted ways with Hemlin, Löfgren, and Morén for reasons beyond their control.

On 29 November, the original line up got back to where it all started with from the albums "Where Mankind Fails" and "Fall into Madness."

Current line-up

 * Steve Steel (Stefan Westerberg) (1995–2001, 2009–) – vocals & bass (Carnal Forge, In Thy Dreams, Leech, Asperity, Kryptillusion, 8 Foot Sativa, World Below)
 * John Allan – guitar (1998–)
 * Dennis Vestman – guitar (1995–2003, 2009–) (Carnal Forge, Soulskinner, Grand Design)
 * Andreas Vollmer – drums (1996–1999, 2000–2001, 2009–)

Former members
Vocals:
 * Dick Johnson (2002–2003)
 * Ronny Hemlin (2003–2009)

Guitar:
 * Johan Jalonen Penn (2004–2007, 2009)
 * Simon Johansson (2007–2009) (Abstrakt Algebra, Memory Garden, Fifth Reason, Bibleblack, Wolf)

Bass:
 * Freddie (1995–1996)
 * Patrick Späth (2002–2003) (Soulskinner) (also vocals)
 * Anden Andersson (2003–2007)
 * Johan Löfgren (2007–2009)

Drums:
 * Roger Raw (1999–2000) (Wombbath)
 * Mike Stark (2001–2005) (Into Desolation)
 * Tony Elfving (2005–2007)
 * Peter Morén (2007–2009)

title: Steel Attack


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Ged

Ged or GED may refer to:

Places

 * Ged, Louisiana, an unincorporated community in the United States
 * Ged, a village in Bichiwara Tehsil, Dungarpur District, Rajasthan, India
 * Delaware Coastal Airport, in Delaware, US, callsign GED

People

 * Ged Baldwin (1907–1991), Canadian politician
 * William Ged (1699–1749), Scottish goldsmith and inventor
 * Ged Peck (born 1947), English guitarist
 * Ged Quinn (born 1963), English artist and musician
 * Ged Walker (1960–2003), English police officer
 * Ged Maybury (born 1953), New Zealand author
 * Ged Killen (born 1986), Scottish politician
 * Ged Nash (born 1975), Irish politician

Other uses

 * Ged (Earthsea), a fictional character in Ursula K. Le Guin's Earthsea realm
 * Ged (heraldry), a term for the fish known in English as a pike
 * Ged, northern English and Lowland Scots name for the pike fish Esox
 * "G.E.D." (My Name Is Earl), a television episode
 * .ged, a genealogical data format
 * Clan Ged, a Scottish clan

Initialisms

 * Gas electron diffraction
 * General Educational Development test, an American and Canadian high school-level exam
 * Graduated electronic decelerator, a device for administering electric shocks
 * Graph edit distance, in mathematics

title: Ged


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Talk:Hmong phonology

Explanation of cleanup tag
The wording of this article sounds for the most part like it is lifted from a high-school "research paper", hence the tag. If I have time, I'll work on it, unless someone else gets to it before me. Tomer TALK 00:27, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * The sounds need IPA descriptions as well, which I started with my redescription of "w". Tomer TALK  00:33, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hmong phonology


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Talk:Limanowa

External links modified
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title: Talk:Limanowa


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Southwest Allen County Schools

Southwest Allen County Schools (SACS) is a school district in Indiana serving the townships of Aboite and Lafayette in Allen County, including the areas incorporated into Fort Wayne.

SACS has six elementary schools, two middle schools, one high school, and one virtual school serving middle- and high-school students. Its current superintendent is Park D. Ginder. Elementary students are sometimes taken on field trips to Center School, a historic one-room schoolhouse and the chief symbol of the district, and may also visit the Allen County Courthouse, in order to learn about their local judiciary system.

High school

 * Homestead High School

Middle schools

 * Summit Middle School
 * Woodside Middle School

Elementary schools

 * Aboite Elementary School
 * Covington Elementary School
 * Deer Ridge Elementary School
 * Haverhill Elementary School
 * Lafayette Meadows Elementary School
 * Whispering Meadows Elementary School

title: Southwest Allen County Schools


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Watney Cup

The Watney Mann Invitation Cup (normally referred to as simply the Watney Cup) was a short-lived English football tournament held in the early 1970s.

It was held before the start of the season, and was contested by the teams that had scored the most goals in each of the four divisions of the Football League the previous season who had not been promoted or admitted to one of the European competitions. Two teams from each division took part, making eight participants in total.

The competition was a straight knockout format, each match was a one-off with no replays. The final took place at the home ground of one of the finalists, rather than a neutral venue.

The competition was so named thanks to a sponsorship deal with the Watney Mann brewery; the first tournament for English Football League clubs to sell its naming rights. The tournament ran four times, from 1970 to 1973, before being discontinued.

From the second season of the competition, the off-side law was applied from the edge of the penalty areas only (instead of the half-way line). This measure was designed to reduce midfield congestion and promote more goals, at a time when defences were becoming much better organised.

The first ever penalty shootout in England took place in a semi-final of the 1970 tournament between Hull City and Manchester United, and was won by Manchester United. The first footballer to take a kick was George Best, and the first to miss was Denis Law, whose attempt was saved by Hull goalkeeper Ian McKechnie. McKechnie became the first player to miss a deciding kick, when he shot wide after taking the fifth kick for Hull in the shoot-out.

Following the dissolution of the competition in 1975 the trophy itself was put up for sale and purchased by Derby Museum, who presented it back to Derby County. It was put on display in the club trophy cabinet where, in 2018, it was spotted by the chairperson of Stoke City fan's council who helped arrange a share deal between Derby and Stoke City, who had been the last winners prior to the competition finishing.

Participants

 * 1970
 * First Division
 * Derby County
 * Manchester United
 * Second Division
 * Hull City
 * Sheffield United
 * Third Division
 * Fulham
 * Reading
 * Fourth Division
 * Aldershot
 * Peterborough United

 * 1971
 * First Division
 * Manchester United
 * West Bromwich Albion
 * Second Division
 * Carlisle United
 * Luton Town
 * Third Division
 * Halifax Town
 * Wrexham
 * Fourth Division
 * Colchester United
 * Crewe Alexandra

 * 1972
 * First Division
 * Sheffield United
 * Wolverhampton Wanderers
 * Second Division
 * Blackpool
 * Burnley
 * Third Division
 * Bristol Rovers
 * Notts County
 * Fourth Division
 * Lincoln City
 * Peterborough United

 * 1973
 * First Division
 * Stoke City
 * West Ham United
 * Second Division
 * Bristol City
 * Hull City
 * Third Division
 * Bristol Rovers
 * Plymouth Argyle
 * Fourth Division
 * Mansfield Town
 * Peterborough United

title: Watney Cup


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Greek crown jewels

The crown jewels of the Kingdom of Greece are a set of symbolic regalia (crown, sceptre, and orb) that were created for King Otto shortly after his election to the throne in 1832.

History
After his election to the throne of Greece in 1832, Otto ordered a crown, orb, sceptre and sword from Fossin et Fils Goldsmiths in Paris; the sword, however, was made by Jules Manceaux. The regalia arrived in Greece in 1835 and was modelled on the regalia of Bavaria but they did not have any precious stones (especially the crown) and thus they resemble funerary European regalia. They were made of precious metals, mainly gold and perhaps partly silver. He established them as the royal regalia of the Crown of Greece but they were not used for a coronation as Otto was never crowned. In 1862, a coup overthrew Otto and the king was forced into exile. As he left returning to Bavaria, Otto took with him the regalia. With his death, they were bequeathed to Prince Luitpold, Otto's successor and pretender to the Greek throne.

Almost a century later, in December 1959, Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria, head of the House of Wittelsbach and descendant of Prince Leopold, sent his son Maximilian-Emmanuel to Athens in order to formally recognize the rights to the throne of the House of Oldenburg. The Prince then handed over all the regalia that Otto had taken with him into exile to King Pavlos of the Hellenes.

In 2023, they were located in Tatoi Palace by employes of the Ministry of Culture and are to be exhibited in the Old Royal Palace's trophy hall.

title: Greek crown jewels


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Committed

Committed may refer to:

Media

 * Committed, a 1992 album by the Jamaican reggae fusion band Third World
 * Committed (comic strip), an American comic strip written and drawn by Michael Fry
 * Committed (vocal group), an a cappella group of six male vocalists from Huntsville, Alabama
 * Committed: A Skeptic Makes Peace with Marriage, a 2010 book written by Elizabeth Gilbert

Film

 * Committed, a 1984 film created by Sheila McLaughlin
 * Committed (1991 film), a film starring Jennifer O'Neill
 * Committed (2000 film), a film directed and written by Lisa Krueger
 * Committed, a 2014 Cypriot film by Stelana Kliris
 * Committed: The Toronto International Film Festival, a 2010 one-hour documentary by Morgan Spurlock

Television

 * Committed (CSI episode), a 2005 episode of the TV series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
 * Committed, a 2011 television film starring Andrea Roth
 * Committed (American TV series), an American television sitcom that aired on NBC
 * Committed (Canadian TV series), a 2001 animated television series based on the comic strip

Other

 * Committed (horse) (1980–2009), American-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare
 * "Committed", a song by the Newsboys from Love Riot, 2016

title: Committed


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User talk:Movax~enwiki

rawr

Image Tagging Image:Jun.kusanagi.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Jun.kusanagi.png. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by going to "Your contributions" from your user page and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much. --Agnte 07:41, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Source needed for Image:Tiebomber.jpg
Hi Movax, I tagged this image with the no source tag because it currently does not list any source information. Can you please provide a source for this image (URLs would be preferable) so that we can appropriately tag the image? Thanks, — EagleOne\Talk 03:26, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Ewingfighter.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Ewingfighter.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 14:12, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:V19torrent.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:V19torrent.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 06:15, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Nomination of YATTA for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article YATTA is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/YATTA until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. SL93 (talk) 10:36, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Movax. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Movax~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:58, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:35, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Movax~enwiki


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Scorpion II

Scorpion II (Ancient Egyptian: possibly Selk or Weha; fl. c. 3170 BC) also known as King Scorpion, was a ruler during the Protodynastic Period of Upper Egypt (c. ).

Name

King Scorpion's name and title are of great dispute in modern Egyptology. His name is often introduced by a six- or seven-leafed golden rosette or flower sign. This emblem can be found on numerous objects from the Dynasty 0 and Dynasty I periods; it vanishes until the end of the Third Dynasty, when it re-appears under high-ranked officials, such as Khabawsokar and A'a-akhty (both dated to the end of the Third Dynasty). Its precise meaning has been intensely discussed; the most common interpretation is that of an emblem meaning 'nomarch' or 'high lord'. During the protodynastic and early dynastic eras, it was evidently used as a designation for kings; in much later periods, it was bestowed on high-ranked officials and princes, especially on those who served as priests for the goddess Seshat. Thus, the golden rosette became an official emblem of Seshat. The reading of the rosette sign is also disputed. Most linguists and Egyptologists read it Neb (for 'lord') or Nesw (for 'king'), and they are convinced that the golden rosette was some kind of forerunner to the later serekh.

The scorpion fetish, which underlies the name of Scorpion II, is generally linked to the later-introduced goddess Selket, but Egyptologists and linguists such as L.D. Morenz, H. Beinlich, Toby Wilkinson and Jan Assmann have pointed out that the goddess was introduced no earlier than the late Old Kingdom period. In this view, the scorpion fetish of the protodynastic period should not be associated with Selket. Morenz points out that, in cases where a fetish animal is included in a ruler's name, the animal generally has a different, rather cultic and political meaning. The scorpion animal commonly stood for dangerous things, such as 'poison' and 'illness', but it could also mean 'bad breath', or in military contexts 'storm' or 'attack'. Since it is unclear what actual meaning was reserved for the serekh animal of Scorpion II, scholars usually refer to him as 'King Scorpion II'.

Historical figure
There are several theories regarding his identity and chronological position. Some Egyptologists, such as Bernadette Menu, argue that, because Egyptian kings of the First Dynasty seem to have had multiple names, Scorpion was the same person as Narmer, simply with an alternative name, or additional title. They also argue that the artistic style seen on the macehead of Scorpion II shows conspicuous similarities to that on the famous Narmer macehead. Other scholars, including T. H. Wilkinson, Renée Friedman and Bruce Trigger, have identified king Scorpion II as the 'Gegenkönig' (opponent ruler) of Narmer and Ka (or Sekhen). At the time of Scorpion II, Egypt was divided into several minor kingdoms that were fighting each other. It is likewise conjectured that Narmer simply conquered the realms of Ka and Scorpion II, thus unifying the whole of Egypt for the first time.

Macehead
The only pictorial evidence of his existence is the so-called Scorpion Macehead, which was found in the Main deposit by archeologists James E. Quibell and Frederick W. Green in a temple at Nekhen (Hierakonpolis) during the dig season of 1897–1898. It is currently on display at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. The stratigraphy of this macehead was lost due to the methods of its excavators, but its style seems to date it to the very end of the Predynastic Period.

The Scorpion Macehead depicts a single, large figure wearing the White Crown of Upper Egypt. He holds a hoe, which has been interpreted as a ritual either involving the pharaoh ceremonially cutting the first furrow in the fields, or opening the dikes to flood them. The use and placement of the iconography is similar to the depiction of the pharaoh Narmer on the obverse side of the Narmer Palette. The king is preceded by servants, the first in row seems to throw seeds from a basket into the freshly hacked ground. A second servant (his depiction is partially damaged) wears a huge bundle of grain sheafs, which strengthens the interpretation of a seed sowing ceremony, possibly connected to the Sed festival or a founding ceremony. Maybe Scorpion II was the founder of Nekhen or Buto, which would explain why the macehead was found in Hierakonpolis. Above the servants, a row of standard bearers, who carry the same standards as seen on the Narmer palette, precede the king. Below the royal servants, a road and a landscape with people and houses is preserved.

Behind the king (on the left side) two fan bearers follow the king. Left of the fan bearer, bundles of papyrus groves are depicted. Behind these, in the upper section, a group of dancers and a priest are visible; the priest guards a Repw.t-palanquin. The lower section is lost due to damage. The festive parade looks into the opposite direction of the king and his standard bearers; an outstretched complete view reveals that both processions meet each other in the center of the whole macehead relief scene. In this very center, scholars such as K. M. Ciałowicz, E. J. Baumgärtel and T. H. Wilkinson believe that they see the tiny traces of the feet and the coil of the Red Crown; a second golden rosette is clearly visible. The traces strengthen the presumption that the scene on the Scorpion macehead once contained the depiction of a second figure of the king, wearing the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. In this case, the Scorpion macehead would show king Scorpion II as the ruler of the whole of Egypt.

The uppermost scene on the macehead shows a row of divine standards. Each standard is surmounted by a god (Set, Min and Nemty, for example) or nome crest. The original number of standards is unknown, but it is clearly visible that one half shows hanged lapwings, the other shows hanged hunting bows. Both standard rows face each other. Lapwings stood for 'Lower Egyptian folks' or 'common folks' and the bows stood for 'folk of archers', pointing to hostile Asian tribes. Their hanging is interpreted as evidence that Scorpion II began the attacks on Lower Egypt and Egyptian enemies at the border lands, which eventually resulted in Narmer's victory and unification of the country.

Ivory tags
Numerous small ivory tags showing the depiction of a scorpion were found. They come from Abydos, Minshat Abu Omar and Tarkhan. Some of them show the scorpion holding the hieroglyphic sign for "nome/garden/land" (Gardiner sign N24) and it is disputed, if this clear sign combination has a deeper meaning: the scorpion could represent King Scorpion II in his role as a ruler of a certain (but unnamed) nome. Some other tags show the scorpion close over a swallow sign, which reads 'the scorpion is great'. One unique tag shows the scorpion holding a long stick, smiting an enemy. Since many of the tags show a shrine with a heron on the roof at the backsite, it is thought that Scorpion II originated from Buto.

Rock and vessel inscriptions

At Tarkhan and Minshat Abu Omar, several stone and clay vessels were found. They have royal serekhs incarved at their bellies and the reading of the name inside is disputed. Several Egyptologists (including Thomas Schneider, Dietrich Wildung and Herman TeVelde) are convinced that the serekhs present a strongly stylized figure of a scorpion. Others, such as Günter Dreyer and Wolfgang Helck, are not so sure and read it as a sloppily drawn version of the name of King Ka.

At the second cataract of the Nile, not far from the Nasser-reservoire at Gebel Sheikh Suliman (Sudan), a large rock cutting depicts a big scorpion figure striding over killed enemies. Their death is demonstrated by depicting them standing upside-down and being hit by arrows; two further figures are still holding their own bows and shooting. Thanks to the ostrich feathers and the bows, the enemies can be identified as Nubians, since ostrich feather and bow were the typical attributes for the Egyptians to mark the Nubians. The scorpion faces a human figure with an artificial beard and ceremonial knife in a belt; the figure holds a long cord, to which captured Nubians are tied. The whole scene is interpreted as representing King Scorpion II celebrating his victory against the hostile Nubians.

Political situation
Numerous artifacts with relief decoration and pottery markings made of black ink point to a flourishing trade economy at the time of Scorpion's rulership. For the first time, the inscriptions give the hieroglyphic writings for 'Lower Egypt' and/or 'Upper Egypt'. Therefore, both parts of Egypt slowly started to work together. But, since it seems clear that Egypt was divided into at least two coexisting kingdoms, scholars wonder on which kind of power factor the rulership of protodynastic kings was based. Conquering and warfare had to be economically promoted, warriors and guardians had to be fed. Based on this cognition, scholars such as K. M Ciałowitz, T. H. Wilkinson, Karl Butzer and Michael A. Hoffman point to the irrigation systems, which were founded in huge quantities. Numerous palettes (such as the Hunters Palette, the Libyan Palette, and the Narmer Palette, for example) and the maceheads of Scorpion II and Narmer show depictions of rivers, plants, trees and several different animals (birds, mammals, and fishes) in surprising natural detail. Alongside these motifs, human figures performing agricultural work are depicted. Ciałowitz, Wilkinson, Butzer and Hoffman see the power source of the protodynastic kings in these agricultural developments. Irrigation systems allowed increasing settlements, cattle possessions and vegetable cultivation. The scholars wonder if the kings kept the irrigations scarce on purpose, to ensure their power, influence and wealth.

Religious and cultic situation
The numerous decorations on the artifacts also depict large numbers of fetishes and standards, surmounted by gods, which reveals an already very complex religion and cult system. Since the standards often guide the battle scenes, battles and conquests might have been seen as cultic events as well. The earliest recognizable gods are Horus, Seth, Min, Nemty, Nekhbet, Bat, and Wepwawet. But it is unknown where these gods had their cultic centers and shrines, because the hieroglyphs depicting the place names were not introduced yet.

Another aspect of cultic and religious beliefs under Scorpion II are the numerous depictions of mythical creatures, such as the serpopard and the winged chimera. The serpopard appears on the Narmer palette and the Two Dogs Palette. He was named Swdja, which means "undestroyable". In Egyptian mythology the serpopard was described as "the one who moves the sun". On the Narmer palette, two serpopards are entwining their necks. This picture is thought to be an allegoric display of the unification of Egypt. Under Scorpion II, two serpopards are lacerating a gazelle, which might imply that the serpopards were under the control of the king (they attack on command).

The "winged chimeras" were named Sefer in Egyptian and they represent chaos and violence. They appear on the Two-dogs-palette and on several ivory artifacts. Scholars point to the fact that creatures such as the chimera and the serpopards were of Mesopotamian origin.

A further motif of Scorpion's era, that is clearly of Mesopotamian origin, is that of a warrior fighting two lions with his bare hands. He holds one lion in each hand, both at his sides. A similar motif shows the warrior with two giraffes. In later dynasties, this motif became a hieroglyph, registered as Gardiner A38 and Gardiner A39. It reads Qjs and it was used as the emblem of the city of Cusae.

Mesopotamian influences under Scorpion II

All listed motifs and emblems, but also tomb architecture and traded items (such as tools, bead collars and cylinder seals) prove a surprisingly strong and extensive influence of Mesopotamian culture and religion to the early Egyptians. This cognition is promoted by the evaluations of architectural developments, visible at burial places such as Minshat Abu Omar, Hierakonpolis and Naqada. The architectural methods used for building complex and stable tombs were clearly copied from Mesopotamian buildings.

It is not fully clarified why the Egyptians fostered their amicable relationship with Mesopotamia so intensively; proponents of the Dynastic race theory believe that the first Egyptian chieftains and rulers were themselves of Mesopotamian origin, but this view has been abandoned among modern scholars.

The current position of modern scholarship is that the Egyptian civilization was an indigenous Nile Valley development and that the archaeological evidence "strongly supports an African origin" of the ancient Egyptians. During the rulership of King Scorpion II and his immediate successors, the influence seems to decrease and Egypt begins to foster its own, more independent culture. This surely was a further important step toward Egypt's future as a powerful and wealthy kingdom.

Tomb
The exact burial place of Scorpion II is unknown. There are two tombs that are both seen as candidates. The first one is registered as Tomb B50 and lies at Umm El Qa'ab (close to Abydos). It is a nearly quadratic chamber divided into four rooms by a simple, cross-shaped mud wall. Several ivory tags with scorpion figures were found here. The second one is located at Hierakonpolis and is registered as Tomb HK6-1. It measures 3.5 m × 6.5 m, has a depth of 2.5 m, and is strengthened with mud. Several ivory tags with scorpion figures were found here.

Scorpion's name in popular culture

 * William Golding's 1971 novella The Scorpion God is loosely based upon this period of Egyptian history.
 * The Scorpion King's name was used in the 2001 film The Mummy Returns, and its spin-offs The Scorpion King (2002), The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior (2008), The Scorpion King 3: Battle for Redemption (2012), The Scorpion King 4: Quest for Power (2015), and The Scorpion King: Book of Souls (2018). An action-adventure video game The Scorpion King: Rise of the Akkadian based on the franchise was released in 2002.
 * The 2007 children's novel Pharaoh by Jackie French deals with events in the court of King Scorpion, and the rivalry between his sons Narmer and Prince Hawk.

title: Scorpion II


text:
Talk:Neutrino Factory

Hi everyone. There was nothing on Neutrino Factory in the WIKI that I could find, so I put this up quickly as a start. Where I've written [L] or ->this<- it means I want a link, I'll add them if I get time.

 * Its been cleaned up. Wanted to make note that the content was generated by Stephen Brooks, who's working with the UK project.

Cwolfsheep 00:48, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

What luminosities and energies ?
Can we characterise the beams from the different factories ? - Rod57 (talk) 18:00, 25 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Neutrino Factory


text:
List of high schools in Maryland

This is a list of high schools in the state of Maryland.

Allegany County Public Schools

 * Mountain Ridge High School, Frostburg
 * Center for Career & Technical Education, Cresaptown

Cumberland

 * Allegany High School
 * Fort Hill High School

Allegany County non-public schools

 * Bishop Walsh School, Cumberland
 * Calvary Christian Academy, Cresaptown

Anne Arundel County Public Schools

 * Arundel High School, Gambrills
 * Chesapeake Science Point Charter School, Hanover
 * Crofton High School, Crofton
 * Mary E. Moss Academy, Crownsville
 * Meade Senior High School, Fort Meade
 * Old Mill High School, Millersville
 * Severn Run High School, Severn
 * Severna Park High School, Severna Park
 * South River High School, Edgewater
 * Southern High School, Harwood

Annapolis

 * Annapolis High School
 * Broadneck High School
 * Phoenix Academy

Glen Burnie

 * Glen Burnie High School
 * North County High School

Pasadena

 * Chesapeake High School
 * Northeast Senior High School

Anne Arundel County non-public schools

 * Arundel Christian School, Hanover
 * Indian Creek School, Crownsville
 * Odenton Christian School, Odenton
 * Severn School, Severna Park

Annapolis

 * The Key School
 * St. Mary's High School

Glen Burnie

 * Calvary Baptist Church Academy
 * Granite Baptist School

Severn

 * Annapolis Area Christian School
 * Archbishop Spalding High School

Baltimore City Public Schools (Alternative)

 * Achievement Academy at Harbor City High School
 * Baltimore Career Academy
 * Eager Street Academy
 * Excel Academy at Francis M. Wood High School
 * Success Academy
 * Youth Opportunity Academy

Baltimore City Public Schools (Charter)

 * Baltimore Design School
 * Baltimore Leadership School for Young Women
 * Bard High School Early College Baltimore
 * City Neighbors High School
 * ConneXions: A Community Based Arts School
 * Coppin Academy High School
 * Green Street Academy
 * Independence School Local I High School
 * The Reach! Partnership School

Baltimore City Public Schools (Choice Lottery)

 * Academy for College and Career Exploration
 * Augusta Fells Savage Institute of Visual Arts
 * Benjamin Franklin High School at Masonville Cove
 * Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy West
 * Digital Harbor High School
 * Forest Park High School
 * Frederick Douglass High School
 * Mergenthaler Vocational-Technical High School
 * National Academy Foundation High School
 * New Era Academy
 * Patterson High School
 * Paul Laurence Dunbar High School
 * Reginald F. Lewis High School
 * Renaissance Academy
 * Vivien T. Thomas Medical Arts Academy

Baltimore City Public Schools (Specialized)

 * Baltimore City College
 * Baltimore Polytechnic Institute
 * Baltimore School for the Arts
 * Carver Vocational Technical High School
 * Edmondson-Westside High School
 * Western High School

Catholic Schools

 * Archbishop Curley High School
 * The Catholic High School of Baltimore
 * Cristo Rey Jesuit High School
 * Institute of Notre Dame
 * Mercy High School
 * Mount Saint Joseph College High School
 * St. Frances Academy
 * Seton Keough High School

Other Religious Schools

 * Friends School of Baltimore (Quaker)
 * Greater Grace Christian Academy (non-denominational Christian)

Non-sectarian Independent Schools

 * Boys' Latin School of Maryland
 * Bryn Mawr School
 * The Community School
 * Gilman School
 * Lab School of Baltimore
 * Maryland School for the Blind
 * Park School of Baltimore
 * Roland Park Country School

Baltimore County Public Schools

 * Catonsville High School, Catonsville
 * Dulaney High School, Cockeysville
 * Dundalk High School, Dundalk
 * Franklin High School, Reisterstown
 * Hereford High School, Parkton
 * Loch Raven High School, Hampton
 * Owings Mills High School, Owings Mills
 * Perry Hall High School, White Marsh
 * Pikesville High School, Pikesville

Magnet Schools

 * George Washington Carver Center for Arts and Technology, Towson
 * Chesapeake High School, Essex
 * Eastern Technical High School, Essex
 * Kenwood High School, Essex
 * Lansdowne High School, Lansdowne
 * Milford Mill Academy, Milford Mill
 * New Town High School, Owings Mills
 * Overlea High School, Rosedale
 * Parkville High School, Parkville
 * Patapsco High School, Dundalk
 * Randallstown High School, Randallstown
 * Sollers Point Technical High School, Dundalk
 * Sparrows Point High School, Edgemere
 * Towson High School, Towson
 * Western School of Technology and Environmental Science, Catonsville
 * Woodlawn High School, Woodlawn

Baltimore County non-public schools

 * Al-Rahmah School, Catonsville (Islamic)

Non-sectarian/Independent schools

 * Garrison Forest School, Owings Mills
 * Jemicy School, Owings Mills
 * McDonogh School, Owings Mills
 * Mt. Zion Preparatory Academy, Lanham
 * Oldfields School, Glencoe
 * The Park School, Brooklandville

Catholic Schools

 * Loyola Blakefield, Towson
 * Calvert Hall College High School, Towson
 * Maryvale Preparatory School, Brooklandville
 * Mount de Sales Academy, Catonsville
 * Notre Dame Preparatory School, Towson
 * Our Lady of Mount Carmel School, Essex

Christian schools

 * Arlington Baptist High School, Baltimore (Baptist)
 * Concordia Preparatory School, Towson (Lutheran)
 * Perry Hall Christian School, Perry Hall (non-denominational)
 * St. Paul's School, Brooklandville (Episcopal)
 * St. Paul's School for Girls, Brooklandville (Episcopal)
 * St. Timothy's School, Stevenson (Episcopal)

Jewish Schools

 * Bais Yaakov of Baltimore, Baltimore/Owings Mills
 * Beth Tfiloh Dahan Community School, Pikesville
 * Israel Henry Beren High School, Pikesville
 * Talmudical Academy of Baltimore, Pikesville

Calvert County Public Schools

 * Calvert High School, Prince Frederick
 * Huntingtown High School, Huntingtown
 * Northern High School, Owings
 * Patuxent High School, Lusby

Calvert County non-public schools

 * The Calverton School, Huntingtown

Caroline County

 * Colonel Richardson High School, Federalsburg

Ridgely

 * Career & Technology Center
 * North Caroline High School

Carroll County Public Schools

 * Francis Scott Key High School, Union Bridge
 * Liberty High School, Eldersburg
 * Manchester Valley High School, Manchester

Sykesville

 * Century High School
 * South Carroll High School

Westminster

 * Carroll County Career and Technology Center
 * Westminster Senior High School
 * Winters Mill High School

Carroll County non-public schools

 * Carroll Christian Schools, Westminster
 * Gerstell Academy, Finksburg
 * Silver Oak Academy, Keymar

Cecil County Public Schools

 * Bohemia Manor High School, Chesapeake City
 * Perryville High School, Perryville

Elkton

 * Cecil County School of Technology
 * Elkton High School

North East

 * North East High School
 * Rising Sun High School

Cecil County Private Schools

 * Tri-State Christian Academy, Elkton
 * Tome School, North East
 * West Nottingham Academy, Colora

Charles County Public Schools

 * Henry E. Lackey High School, Indian Head
 * La Plata High School, La Plata
 * Maurice J. McDonough High School, Pomfret
 * North Point High School, Waldorf
 * St. Charles High School, Waldorf
 * Thomas Stone High School, Waldorf
 * Westlake High School, Waldorf

Charles County non-public schools

 * Grace Christian Academy, Waldorf
 * Southern Maryland Christian Academy, White Plains

Dorchester County Public Schools

 * North Dorchester High School, Hurlock

Cambridge

 * Cambridge-South Dorchester High School
 * Dorchester County School of Technology

Frederick County Public Schools

 * Brunswick High School, Brunswick
 * Catoctin High School, Thurmont
 * Middletown High School, Middletown
 * Oakdale High School, New Market
 * Urbana High School, Ijamsville
 * Walkersville High School, Walkersville

Frederick

 * Frederick High School
 * Governor Thomas Johnson High School
 * Linganore High School
 * Tuscarora High School

Frederick County non-public schools

 * Friends Meeting School, Ijamsville
 * St. John's Catholic Prep, Buckeystown

Frederick

 * Frederick Christian Academy
 * Maryland School for the Deaf
 * New Life Christian School

Garrett County

 * Northern Garrett High School, Accident
 * Southern Garrett High School, Oakland

Harford County Public Schools

 * Aberdeen High School, Aberdeen
 * Edgewood High School, Edgewood
 * Fallston High School, Fallston
 * Havre De Grace High School, Havre De Grace
 * Joppatowne High School, Joppatowne
 * North Harford High School, Pylesville

Bel Air

 * Bel Air High School
 * C. Milton Wright High School
 * Harford Technical High School
 * Patterson Mill High School

Harford County non-public schools

 * Bethel Christian Academy, Havre De Grace
 * Harford Christian School, Darlington
 * New Covenant Christian School, Abingdon

Bel Air

 * The Highlands School
 * The John Carroll School

Howard County Public Schools

 * Atholton High School, Columbia
 * Centennial High School, Ellicott City
 * Glenelg High School, Glenelg
 * Guilford Park High School, Jessup
 * Hammond High School, Columbia
 * Howard High School, Ellicott City
 * Long Reach High School, Columbia
 * Marriotts Ridge High School, Marriottsville
 * Mount Hebron High School, Ellicott City
 * Oakland Mills High School, Columbia
 * Reservoir High School, Fulton
 * River Hill High School, Clarksville
 * Wilde Lake High School, Columbia

Howard County non-public schools

 * Atholton Adventist Academy, Columbia
 * Chapelgate Christian Academy, Marriottsville
 * Glenelg Country School, Glenelg

Kent County

 * Kent County High School, Worton

Montgomery County Public Schools

 * Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School, Bethesda
 * Montgomery Blair High School, Silver Spring
 * James Hubert Blake High School, Silver Spring
 * Winston Churchill High School, Potomac
 * Clarksburg High School, Clarksburg
 * Damascus High School, Damascus
 * Albert Einstein High School, Kensington
 * Gaithersburg High School, Gaithersburg
 * Walter Johnson High School, Bethesda
 * John F. Kennedy High School, Silver Spring
 * Col. Zadok Magruder High School, Rockville
 * Richard Montgomery High School, Rockville
 * Northwest High School, Germantown
 * Northwood High School, Silver Spring
 * Paint Branch High School, Burtonsville
 * Poolesville High School, Poolesville
 * Quince Orchard High School, Gaithersburg
 * Rockville High School, Rockville
 * Seneca Valley High School, Germantown
 * Sherwood High School, Sandy Spring
 * Springbrook High School, Silver Spring
 * Watkins Mill High School, Gaithersburg
 * Wheaton High School, Silver Spring
 * Walt Whitman High School, Bethesda
 * Thomas S. Wootton High School, Rockville

Part-time technical schools

 * Thomas Edison High School of Technology, Silver Spring

Non-denominational Independent Schools

 * The Barrie School, Silver Spring
 * The Bullis School, Potomac
 * German International School Washington D.C., Potomac
 * The Heights School, Potomac
 * Holton-Arms School, Bethesda
 * Landon School, Bethesda
 * McLean School of Maryland, Potomac
 * Nora School, Silver Spring
 * Rochambeau French International School, Bethesda
 * Sandy Spring Friends School, Sandy Spring
 * The Siena School, Silver Spring
 * Thornton Friends School, Silver Spring
 * Washington Waldorf School, Bethesda

Catholic Schools

 * Academy of the Holy Cross, Kensington
 * The Avalon School, Wheaton
 * Brookewood School, Kensington
 * Connelly School of the Holy Child, Potomac
 * Don Bosco Cristo Rey High School, Takoma Park
 * Georgetown Preparatory School, Rockville
 * Our Lady of Good Counsel High School, Olney
 * Stone Ridge School of the Sacred Heart, Bethesda

Other Religious Schools

 * Charles E. Smith Jewish Day School, Rockville
 * Covenant Life School, Gaithersburg
 * Melvin J. Berman Hebrew Academy, Rockville
 * The Muslim Community School, Potomac
 * St. Andrew's Episcopal School, Potomac
 * Spencerville Adventist Academy, Silver Spring
 * Takoma Academy, Takoma Park
 * Washington Christian Academy, Silver Spring
 * Yeshiva of Greater Washington, Silver Spring

Prince George's County Public Schools

 * Bladensburg High School, Bladensburg
 * Bowie High School, Bowie
 * Charles Herbert Flowers High School, Springdale
 * Crossland High School, Temple Hills
 * DuVal High School, Lanham
 * Eleanor Roosevelt High School, Greenbelt
 * Friendly High School, Fort Washington
 * Gwynn Park High School, Brandywine
 * High Point High School, Beltsville
 * Laurel High School, Laurel
 * Northwestern High School, Hyattsville
 * Parkdale High School, Riverdale
 * Surrattsville High School, Clinton

Capitol Heights

 * Central High School
 * Fairmont Heights High School

Forestville

 * Forestville Military Academy
 * Suitland High School

Largo

 * Academy of Health Sciences at Prince George's Community College
 * Largo High School

Oxon Hill

 * Oxon Hill High School
 * Potomac High School

Upper Marlboro

 * Frederick Douglass High School
 * Dr. Henry A. Wise Jr. High School

Prince George's County public charter schools

 * Chesapeake Math and IT Academy North High School, Laurel
 * Chesapeake Math and IT Academy South High School, Upper Marlboro
 * College Park Academy, Riverdale Park

Prince George's County non-public schools

 * Al Huda School, College Park
 * Belair Baptist Christian Academy, Bowie
 * Bishop McNamara High School, Forestville
 * Elizabeth Seton High School, Bladensburg
 * From the Heart Christian School, Suitland
 * Lanham Christian School, Lanham
 * National Christian Academy, Fort Washington
 * New Hope Academy, Landover Hills
 * St. Vincent Pallotti High School, Laurel

Clinton

 * Grace Brethren Christian School
 * Independent Baptist Academy

Hyattsville

 * Chelsea School
 * DeMatha Catholic High School

Upper Marlboro

 * Fairhaven School
 * Riverdale Baptist School

Queen Anne's County Public Schools

 * Kent Island High School, Stevensville
 * Queen Anne's County High School, Centreville

Queen Anne's County non-public schools

 * Gunston Day School, Centreville
 * Wye River Upper School, Centreville

St. Mary's County Public Schools

 * Chopticon High School, Morganza
 * Great Mills High School, Great Mills
 * Leonardtown High School, Leonardtown

St. Mary's County non-public schools

 * The King's Christian Academy, Callaway

Leonardtown

 * Leonard Hall Junior Naval Academy
 * St. Mary's Ryken High School

Somerset County Public Schools

 * Crisfield High School, Crisfield
 * Washington High School, Princess Anne

Somerset County non-public schools

 * Holly Grove Christian School, Westover

Talbot County Public Schools

 * Easton High School, Easton
 * St. Michaels Middle/High School, St. Michaels

Talbot County non-public schools

 * Chesapeake Christian School, Easton
 * Saints Peter and Paul School, Easton

Washington County Public Schools

 * Boonsboro High School, Boonsboro
 * Clear Spring High School, Clear Spring
 * Hancock High School, Hancock
 * Smithsburg High School, Smithsburg
 * Williamsport High School, Williamsport

Hagerstown

 * Antietam Academy
 * Barbara Ingram School for the Arts
 * Evening High School
 * North Hagerstown High School
 * South Hagerstown High School
 * Washington County Technical High School

Washington County non-public schools

 * St. James School, St. James

Hagerstown

 * Broadfording Academy
 * Emmanuel Christian School
 * Grace Academy
 * Heritage Academy
 * Highland View Academy
 * St. Maria Goretti High School
 * Truth Christian Academy

Wicomico County Public Schools

 * Mardela Middle and High School, Mardela Springs

Salisbury

 * James M. Bennett High School
 * Parkside High School
 * Wicomico High School

Wicomico County non-public schools

 * Faith Baptist School, Salisbury
 * The Salisbury School, Salisbury
 * Salisbury Christian School, Salisbury

Worcester County Public Schools

 * Pocomoke High School, Pocomoke City
 * Snow Hill High School, Snow Hill
 * Stephen Decatur High School, Berlin
 * Worcester Technical High School, Newark

Worcester County non-public schools

 * Worcester Preparatory School, Berlin

title: List of high schools in Maryland


text:
Connected (Stereo MC's album)

Connected is the third studio album by Stereo MC's. The tracks "Connected", "Ground Level", "Step It Up" and "Creation" became hit singles.

Critical reception
In a contemporary review, James Muretich from Calgary Herald said that "the hour-long program does wear a wee thin but, hey, while the groove-mood lasts, it`s a blast". Music critic Robert Christgau for The Village Voice, wrote that, although its music is amiable and rhythmic, Connected is also "so multifaceted that its functionality is fungible and forgettable." In June 2000, Q placed Connected as #52 in its list of the 100 Greatest British Albums Ever. The album won Best British Album at the 1994 Brit Awards, was shortlisted for the 1993 Mercury Prize, and included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Track listing
All songs written by Robert Birch (Rob B)/Nicholas Hallam (The Head), except where noted
 * 1) "Connected" (Birch/Hallam/H.W. Casey/Richard Finch) – 5:14
 * 2) *Contains a sample from "Let Me (Let Me Be Your Lover)" by Jimmy "Bo" Horne.
 * 3) "Ground Level" – 4:13
 * 4) "Everything" (Birch/Hallam/James L. Worthy) – 3:47
 * 5) "Sketch" (Birch/Hallam/Tuzé DeAbreu) – 5:44
 * 6) *Contains a sample of "Passarinho" by Gal Costa.
 * 7) "Fade Away" – 4:25
 * 8) "All Night Long" – 4:07
 * 9) "Step It Up" – 4:59
 * 10) "Playing With Fire" – 4:20
 * 11) *Uses the piano progression from the introduction to Monkey Man on Let it Bleed by the Rolling Stones
 * 12) *Contains a sample of "Opportunities (Let's Make Lots of Money)" by Pet Shop Boys.
 * 13) "Pressure" – 3:50
 * 14) "Chicken Shake" – 3:50
 * 15) "Creation" – 5:03
 * 16) "Don't Let Up" (feat. Mica Paris) – 3:09
 * 17) "The End" (Birch/Hallum/Carole King/Toni Stern) – 3:47

Stereo MCs

 * Robert Charles "Rob B." Birch – vocals
 * Nick "The Head" Hallam – DJ
 * Ian Frederick "Owen If" Rossiter – drums, percussion
 * Cath Coffey – backing vocals

Additional personnel

 * James Hallawell – keyboards, organ
 * Paul O. Kane, Matthew Seligman – bass guitar
 * Chicu Modu – saxophone
 * Ivan Hussey, Johnny T., Anya Ulman, Laura Cochrane – strings
 * Kick Horns – brass

Singles

 * "Connected" (#18 in the United Kingdom, 14 September 1992)
 * "Step It Up" (#12 in the United Kingdom, 23 November 1992)
 * "Ground Level" (#19 in the United Kingdom, 8 February 1993)
 * "Creation" (#19 in United Kingdom, 17 May 1993)

title: Connected (Stereo MC's album)


text:
Talk:The Waterboy

Mental disorder
Is Sandler's character really "mentally retarded"? He just seems very sheltered and has a stutter to me. -- BrandonR 00:32, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * The character is actually autistic. --Lordshmeckie 23:12, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Disambiguation
Shouldn't there be a page defining what a "waterboy" is? TripOnMyShip (talk) 13:05, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

Fixed. TripOnMyShip (talk) 13:05, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

Conflict
"The movie was extremely profitable, earning over $160 million in the United States alone and made Sandler a successful actor with Waterboy becoming his second $100 million film in a year, along with The Wedding Singer."

But Adam Sandler's Filmography shows that The Wedding Singer only made 80 million. TripOnMyShip (talk) 13:06, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

Origin of character
I removed the "original research" tag from the sentence saying the character's voice bears a strong resemblance to the Excited Southerner character. It would be original research to say that Sandler based the character on Excited Southerner and Canteen Boy with no source to quote. It doesn't quite rise to the level of original research to say that there is a resemblance between the two voices. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Leenunes (talk • contribs) 23:19, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

"socially inept but intelligent"
Please!!! Looks like Wikipedia is intentionally not telling the facts and the truth, but some falsified over-eager political correctness? In the movie he has of course NOT 100% unimpaired mental faculties. That's PC nonsense. He is not stupid, but he has more problems than just some missing social skills! A lot of people living alone (having not even a mom at home) and are unable to socialize, but this does not mean, there are all like Waterboy! Think about it!

Lawsuit
It could be included that Harold Lloyd's estate sued this movie for stealing the plot of "The Freshman." Lloyd himelf was sued by someone else for stealing to create his movie. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Barnsward (talk • contribs) 16:53, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

Fool's Ball
The way-too-many times I've watched this film, I woulda sworn that Mama Boucher says "foosball" or "fusball".... PurpleChez, 2/16/16 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 162.249.207.195 (talk) 14:16, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

Well, Foosball is just table football, seems if she says fool ball, then she is being antagonistic.141.92.67.45 (talk) 11:40, 2 March 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:28, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Waterboy


text:
User:C3o

I'm Christopher Clay, currently residing in Berlin, Germany.

Articles I have created or substantially rewritten:

 * Patrick Moore (environmentalist)
 * Threadless
 * Figurine (band)
 * Leopold Museum (stub)
 * RSS enclosure
 * Feed: URI scheme
 * Tibia (computer game)

title: User:C3o


text:
Talk:Leather subculture

Relation of "leather subculture" to BDSM
I have put extensive work into clarifying the relationship of the "leather subculture" to BDSM in today's major edit, by drawing on Gayle Rubin's academic work on the subject. Once BDSM is properly represented as a part of the leather culture, rather than (as in the earlier version of this page) representing the whole, it turns out to be the part of this article that is most in need of expansion, clarification, and most of all, sources. And this work is badly needed since I notice that elsewhere in BDSM-related articles, links to "Old Guard" and "New Guard" leather point to this page---which has never really provided much sourced data on these topics.

I nonetheless hope that my clean-up, re-organization, and even only preliminary provision of sourced statements for this page brings it closer to meriting the B-grade that it currently has. Cheers to all.Dpmath (talk) 19:35, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

New and Old Guard
In the article it says that the New Guard appeared in the 1990s. I am not an expert on this, so I doubt that I will rewrite anything, but I have read elsewhere that the New Guard appeared around the same time as the Old Guard, in the 1950's or 60's. That New Guard was in fact stricter than Old Guard in some ways, and came as a reaction to what some people saw as sloppiness of the older people. It is possible that I have got this all wrong, but I believe that I have read this. Can someone who knows more about this clarify things a bit, in the article or here in the comments? --Blue Elf 00:05, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

I have read that the terms "Old Guard" and "New Guard" are revisionist misnomers. The article seems to imply some universality to these currently recognized subsets of gay male leather culture. There clearly was a gay male leather subculture in the 50s & 60s, but I've read it was largely underground, and the customs varied widely from group to group. The term "Old Guard" didn't widely achieve usage until the late 1970s. I will research and find some reliable sources on this. Nmwolfboy 20:35, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

The article offers the following description of "The Old Guard," citing Larry Townsend's The Leatherman's Handbook as the source:

"...strict formality and fixed roles (i.e. no switching). Other old guard practices emphasize discipline, honor, brotherhood, and respect, and are said to promote a stricter lifestyle, education, and intra-community privilege based on successive ranks or levels."

I have not read Leatherman cover to cover, so I won't say that it definitely contradicts the above description. However, I have read large parts of it and those parts all describe a world that is the polar opposite of a subculture with "strict formality" and "successive ranks." Men dress in leather and denim, go to leather bars, hang out, meet play partners (often strangers or casual acquaintances), and then go back to one of their respective domiciles for the actual encounter. He's describing a world of free agents, all on equal footing socially, forming and dissolving bonds on a daily basis. There are examples of deference and terms like "sir" and "master" get used, but almost always in the context of a two-person relationship. Townsend does make it clear that many of these leathermen know each other socially and I feel safe in saying that there's evidence of a community, but I see no evidence of a hierarchy. As for the assertion that switching was not permitted under this system, Townsend, in a chapter devoted to the subject of "Assuming A Role," writes "After sampling a number of different situations, most leathermen will begin drifting toward a favorite or most suitable role. For some it will become a firm choice, with little possibility of variation. For a majority, the goal (hence, the role) will reflect a transitory state of mind. I have found few guys who are unable to switch-hit when the circumstances are right." In other words, the majority of leathermen were switches.

I just don't see how Townsend's book can be used to support these claims about "The Old Guard." If anyone can find any passages that do, please point them out to me. I'm using a trade paperback copy of the Silver Jubilee edition. Clay201 (talk) 00:23, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

I have now edited the article. The description of "old guard" is no longer attributed to Leatherman (or to any other source, for that matter).Clay201 (talk) 19:21, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

As far as I can see, Old Guard is a total myth. http://www.leatherviews.com/kinkyinfo/9930.htm http://jaywiseman.com/SEX_BDSM_Old_Guard_0.php (Jay Wiseman is a het, but involved in the Janus Society which as the time was dominated by gay men) That material has remained unsourced in the article lone enough and is now removed. --PrettyPoliceman (talk) 02:37, 18 May 2013 (UTC)

Connection with drag queens
I would like to hear more about the connection between drag queens and leather folk. Afterall, it was both who were arrested at Stonewall. According my older leathermen friends, their shared outsider status made them allies. --Tiger Marc ROAR! 18:28, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

what does...
"An increasing number of pansexual clubs evolved as well." mean?--142.68.50.31 03:37, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

Sourcing
This, like it seems many wikipedia articles on sexual culture (whether LGBT, BDSM, or whatever) is atrociously speculative and uncited. Really now! Is leather, etc., some sort of obscure culture whose history has been transmitted only through word of mouth, that you have no choice but to make these things the sources for your encyclopedia article?

Come on! Users who wrote all these things about leather culture and its history, sociology, psychology, etc.: How the hell did you come to know this stuff? Did you just hear it from your roommate's cousin's boyfriend this one time, or did you read it from among the reams and reams of reputable essays on topics like this? (There's a museum dedicated to it, for Chrissakes!) If it really is the latter, why not just site it while you're making the contribution?67.85.178.110 08:47, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

I agree that this page is WOEFULLY underdocumented. Much of it reflects the usual "hearsay" and mythos of the gay leather subculture---myths whose base in fact seems doubtful. I see a number of books and articles cited in the "Further Reading" section---I would hope that someone would read those, and other literatures, and do this topic the justice it deserves. I'd do it after tenure but I don't think it can or should wait that long. In the meantime, I've tried to clean up some of the information that belongs elsewhere (i.e., details regarding the movie and book "Cruising"; the hankie code) and to rewrite some of the claims so that they're perhaps just a little more plausible given the lack of documentation.Dpmath (talk) 01:07, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Bear community
Both articles are lacking source based descriptions of their common similarities and differences. --Nemissimo 17:49, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

RE: Goth subculture
Interesting new information relating leather to Goth subculture. The information deserves a subheading (or even sub-subheading) of its own, I think, rather than appearing only in the opening paragraph (which in any event should be kept very short and introductory, consistent with Wikipedia guidelines). And from what I can tell, this sub-subheading should probably come under the BDSM subheading. The information should also be sourced. If the contributor or someone else doesn't want to clean it up, I'll take it on in a few days. Also, I personally found the information on Goth as it stands is a little esoteric, could it be clarified a bit? Dpmath (talk) 04:14, 9 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Agreed. maybe use as tie in to the fashion industry as well. Benji boi 08:35, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Additionally, it might be worth thinking about whether the title of the page should become "Leather subcultures" (plural) given the diversity of cultures that are cropping up on this page. Dpmath (talk) 17:24, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Absent further edits from Thorrstein, I've gone ahead with the changes I suggested, and to which Benjiboy agreed. Dpmath (talk) 18:30, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Paganism Section Removed
This was rather bizarre, and unfounded. In particular the claim that Alexandrian and Gardnerian practices include BDSM stand without explanation (As someone who is both a member of one of those traditions and also into BDSM I would have to say that there really isn't any such direct connection) and would be irrelevant even if true (Alexandrians and Gardnerians traditionally practice naked, which somewhat rules out much in the way of leather). 83.147.166.27 (talk) 00:13, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Glennhughes villagepeople.jpg
The image Image:Glennhughes villagepeople.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --02:41, 13 September 2008 (UTC)

I've added a worldwide view template at the top to indicate the near-exclusive American focus of the article. Does the leather subculture even exist outside of North America? After reading the article, I sure don't know! See the guidelines on countering systemic bias

Worldwide View
I've added a worldwide view template at the top to indicate the near-exclusive American focus of the article. Does the leather subculture even exist outside of North America? After reading the article, I sure don't know! See the guidelines on countering systemic bias. Elliotreed (talk) 01:53, 26 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Likely they were commercialized and popularized in the US but similar culture is certainly found elsewhere. --  Banj e  b oi    02:52, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

Source
Not sure if this will be useful or not, but here's a short article that might be relevant: r ʨ anaɢ talk/contribs 02:47, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Tom of Finland?
How has his work effected the leather subculture? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.103.209.229 (talk) 12:12, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

Influence on mainstream culture
This section would be better entitled "popular people who also wore leather." In this paragraph, the only thing that suggests that gay men's leather culture affected popular culture is a statement by Rob Halford, who is not really a valid source on the subject. His only credentials to speak on the issue are that he: 1. is gay; and 2. wears leather.

If someone doesn't substantiate this section with some citations, it needs to be deleted or renamed to "popular people who also wore leather" or something of the like. As of right now, this section attributes leather wearing, in general, to gay men's leather culture, though an earlier section in the article attributes gay men's leather culture to biker culture, which is a more likely to have influenced other leather wearers given the fact that more people associate leather with bikers than with gay men.

Correlation is not causation. It's preposterous to assert that gay men's leather culture motivated Elvis (or other popular musicians) to wear leather without some citations. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.88.55.132 (talk) 18:25, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

THE FIRST DECITEDLEARTHER BAR IN THE u. s. WAS ESTABLISHER BY CHUCK RENSLOW IN 1958 IN CHICAGO. RENSLOW FOUNDED THE LEATHR ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM IN CHCAGO  HE IS CONSIDER AS THE DADDY OF THE LEATHER COMUNITY  REF THE LEATHER MAN THE LEGEND OF CHUCK RENSLOW BY TRACY BAIN AND OWEN KEEHN  ISBN1-46-109602-2  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.220.86.84 (talk) 20:03, 16 December 2015 (UTC)

where did the leatherdykes article go?
A few days ago, there was an article for leatherdykes. I was doing some research to add to it, but today it redirects me here.

How do I find out why it was deleted?

Jackiepatti (talk) 02:00, 4 July 2017 (UTC)jpatti

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Leather subculture. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100105184805/http://www.blackandtansociety.com/ach/gbaldwin.html to http://www.blackandtansociety.com/ach/gbaldwin.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110727034528/http://www.liravensmc.org/About/leatherlifestyle.htm to http://www.liravensmc.org/About/leatherlifestyle.htm
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Comment on too much focus on 'gay'
Base12465 ''put the comment below in the edit summary, but I believe the user probably meant to post it to the talk page. It is below'' - kosboot (talk) 21:21, 19 April 2019 (UTC)

The focus was really on ´gay´. I think this is not right. Leather fetish is part of all kind of sexualities. If people read this page they will automatically see a framed subject ´leather fetish´ as something that mainly has to do with non-heterosexual intentions. Wich is false of course. Of course I don´t have proove against it. But the problem here is that it now already has started as a ´gay´ page, altough it´s not. So disprove some false prejudgements and framing here is not how it supposed to. - Base12465

Consolidation of "Old Guard" information
Information about Old Guard is scattered across the History#Traditions, The Myth of the Old Guard, and Subcultures#Old Guard Leather. I believe article would benefit from consolidating most Old Guard information in one place in the article. I am divided about how and where to do so. Any thoughts? @Satyridium curious your thoughts, since you just added the The Myth of the Old Guard heading. OiYoiYoink (talk) 00:00, 19 June 2024 (UTC)

 * You're right @OiYoiYoink.  Subcultures#Old Guard Leather  seems more like self-promo than anything else, so I'm in favour of deleting that one.  History#Traditions  and  The myth of the Old Guard  can be merged but I think it's better to do so under an Old Guard heading to do it's importance justice. Also,  History  could use some more structure. Here, the diversity of the leather scene from day one (see Rubin 1998) needs to be incorporated more clearly. I can work on that, just wasn't able to accomplish all that in one sitting. Satyridium (talk) 05:32, 19 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I like your suggested approach! OiYoiYoink (talk) 05:41, 19 June 2024 (UTC)
 * @OiYoiYoink I've reworked the parts we were talking about, if you want to take a look or contribute. But the newer leather history still needs some work, I'd also like to include some context about leather people being involved with gay liberation and more European leather history. I was also thinking to change the old guard section into a subsection of history. Thoughts? Satyridium (talk) 17:28, 29 June 2024 (UTC)
 * @Satyridium Thanks for your work on this! I'm not well-versed on the subject, but I would recommend replacing Myth of the Gold Guard with an Old Guard subsection underneath Subcultures (perhaps renaming the section Traditions and subcultures to capture the broader purpose?). I agree that elements of the Old Guard section are relevant to include in History, but I lean towards also including under Subcultures since it appears to be an active moment. However, if it's not really an active moment, then moving it all under History sounds appropriate. OiYoiYoink (talk) 02:40, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

Various Age Groups
Subcultures#Various Age Groups does not cite any sources and, in my opinion, provides limited value. Can anyone opine on whether it makes sense to remove this subsection and due process for doing so? OiYoiYoink (talk) 00:07, 19 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Most of that information can be incorporated into the history section, in my opinion. Satyridium (talk) 05:33, 19 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I think that's valid. I'm unsure whether it's worth mentioning unless some citations are added. OiYoiYoink (talk) 02:43, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Leather subculture


text:
Bruce Pasternack

Bruce Pasternack (September 20, 1947 – January 13, 2021) was the President and CEO of the Special Olympics International from 2005 to 2007. He served on the board of directors of Codexis (NASDAQ: CDXS), a biotechnology company based out of Redwood City California, Accelrys, Inc. (NASDAQ: ACCL) a software company specializing in biotechnology, BEA Systems (NASDAQ: BEAS) a company specialized in enterprise infrastructure software products, Quantum Corporation (NYSE: QTM) a manufacturer of data storage devices and systems, and Symyx Technologies (NASDAQ: SMMX) a company that specialized in informatics and automation products. Prior to being a director for public companies, he was a Senior Vice President of Booz-Allen & Hamilton Inc. for over 20 years, and the Managing Partner of the firm's organization and strategic leadership center and its offices in California as well as leading the energy, chemicals and pharmaceuticals practice.

Bruce was a trustee for Cooper Union and also served as a Trustee at Peninsula Temple Beth El, Special Olympics of Northern CA, and was President of the Peninsula Jewish Community Center when the new facility was conceived of and built in Foster City. He also served on the board of Kehilah High School and JMJ Associates.

Pasternack's government service includes head of energy policy at the Federal Energy Administration, principal staff to the White House Energy Resources Council and the President's Council on Environmental Quality. He was also a member of the Board of Directors of LifeSpring Home Nutrition and Special Olympics International, and served on the advisory board of USC's Center for Effective Organizations.

Pasternack also co-authored two business books, The Centerless Corporation (1998) and Results (2005). The ideas introduced by the book Results are featured to this day as a major focal point of the strategy& (a division of PwC) business model.

Pasternack held degrees in Engineering and Operations Research from Cooper Union and University of Pennsylvania.

In 2013, Pasternack was diagnosed with younger-onset Alzheimer's disease. As the disease progressed, his family has advocated for research into the causes of and treatment for Alzheimer's.

title: Bruce Pasternack


text: User talk:24.218.117.139

title: User talk:24.218.117.139


text:
Disney's Beach Club Resort

Disney's Beach Club Resort is a beach-themed resort at the Walt Disney World Resort. It opened on November 19, 1990. The resort is owned and operated by Disney Parks, Experiences and Products.

Disney's Beach Club Resort is in the Epcot Resort Area, next to a sister resort, Disney's Yacht Club Resort, and across Crescent Lake from Disney's BoardWalk Resort. Disney's Yacht Club Resort and Disney's Beach Club Resort and Villas share amenities and resources, including staff, management, and busses. Disney's Beach Club Resort is home to a 73000 sqft convention center, which is shared with Disney's Yacht Club Resort. The villas on site are part of the Disney Vacation Club, sitting on 6 acre of land and comprising 282 units.

Resort
The hotel was designed by the firm of Robert A.M. Stern Architects and themed after the seaside cottages of 19th century Newport. The resort's light blue color distinguishes it from the gray siding with red and white striped awnings of Disney's Yacht Club Resort.

Boat transportation from the resort runs to Epcot and Disney's Hollywood Studios, as well as Disney's Boardwalk Resort and the Walt Disney World Swan and Walt Disney World Dolphin resorts. The resort is approximately five minutes walking distance from Epcot, and roughly fifteen minutes walking distance to Disney's Hollywood Studios. Guests can use the International Gateway entrance to Epcot in World Showcase between the France and United Kingdom pavilions.

Disney's Beach Club Resort has received the designation in the Florida Green Lodging Program.

There are both standard rooms (two queen-size beds or one king-size bed) and suites. Some rooms also have a daybed besides 2 Queen beds or 1 King bed. The resort also offers a fifth floor Concierge Level, with private floor access, a concierge lounge, turndown service, and other amenities. The Concierge Level is home to the resort's Presidential Suite. All rooms were renovated in 2009. Rooms were also renovated from 2015 to 2016. Rooms still have a beach theme, but they are more modern, with shades of gray, brown, and light blue. The hallways were also re-painted and re-papered, along with new carpets and new colors on the doors of the rooms. In 2023, the rooms were updated with new carpet and furniture.

In addition, vacation homes at Disney's Beach Club Villas offer a range of accommodations, ranging from studios that sleep 4, one-bedroom villas that sleep 4, and two-bedroom villas that sleep 8.

Dining
Disney's Beach Club Resort shares facilities with Disney's Yacht Club Resort and together feature four full-service restaurants, a poolside counter-service restaurant, two marketplaces, and several bars and lounges.

Cape May Cafe is the primary table service restaurant at Beach Club Resort. It is open for breakfast and dinner and offers a New England style clambake buffet for dinner and a traditional buffet daily for breakfast. Disney characters stroll around the tables during breakfast and greet guests.

Beaches And Cream Soda Shop located near the Stormalong Bay pool and mini waterpark is also located at Beach Club Resort and consists of a 1950s style diner themed restaurant, serving burgers, sandwiches, and unique dessert concoctions.

Beach Club Marketplace Is the quick service location and gift shop at Beach Club Resort serving sandwiches, salads, wraps, pizza, macaroni and cheese, and breakfast items to go.

Martha's Vineyard This tiny lounge the only lounge at Beach Club Resort and is located next to the former Ariel's restaurant and event space, serving specialty cocktails, appetizers and small plates and is open for dinner.

Hurricane Hanna's is the pool bar and grill between the two resorts, located along the south side of the Stormalong Bay Pool and mini waterpark. This quick service spot serves, burgers, sandwiches, appetizers, alcohol and specialty cocktails.

Pools
Stormalong Bay is the main 3-acre pool complex at Disney's Yacht and Beach Club resorts that resembles a beach-side water park with its sand-bottom pools, a circular lazy river, waterfall, and a large replica of a shipwreck with one of the highest resort water slides at Walt Disney World. The Stormalong Bay pool complex offers a poolside counter service restaurant and bar, a shallow area for children called the Shipwreck Pool, and an elevated tanning deck. Stormalong Bay is centrally located between both the Beach Club Resort and the Yacht Club Resort, facing Crescent Lake.

Tidal Pool is the quiet pool for Beach Club resort and is found near the volleyball courts and the international gateway entrance to Epcot.

Dunes Cove Pool is a small pool with depths ranging up to about five feet, changing and bathroom facilities, a jacuzzi tub, and barbecue grills located in the Beach Club Villas, serving as the villas quiet pool.

Recreation
Ship Shape Health Club is a health and fitness center. The health club is centrally between both the Beach Club Resort and the Yacht Club Resort.

Lafferty Place Arcade is an indoor arcade near the Beaches & Cream Soda Shop.

Convention center
Disney's Yacht & Beach Club Convention Center is a convention center At the Yacht Club Resort and is over 73000 sqft of meeting space.

title: Disney's Beach Club Resort


text:
Rohan Marley

Rohan Anthony Marley (born 19 May 1972) is a Jamaican entrepreneur and former college football player and Canadian Football League player. He is the son of reggae artist Bob Marley, and father of model Selah Marley, reggae artist YG Marley and former NFL football player Nico Marley. He was born to 16 year old Janet Hunt during his father's marriage to singer Rita Marley and went to live with her on and off from the age of four until moving to live with Marley's mother after his father died of cancer in Miami in 1981.

Early life and education
Marley was born in Kingston, Jamaica, on 19 May 1972. He attended Miami Palmetto Senior High School in Pinecrest, Florida, where he graduated in 1991. He then attended the University of Miami School of Business at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida, where he played linebacker for the University of Miami football team. In the 1993 season, Marley led the Hurricanes' defense with 95 tackles.

Career
After his college football career at the University of Miami, Marley entered the Canadian Football League, where he played for the Ottawa Rough Riders.

In 2009, he co-founded Marley Coffee, an organic coffee plantation and sustainable farming business in Jamaica's Blue Mountains, although the majority of coffee sourced through Marley Coffee is from Ethiopia. The business is run on a 52-acre estate in Portland Parish. In 2011, Marley Coffee went public under the name Jammin Java (OTC:JAMN).

In January 2011, Marley advertised a new 'House of Marley' range of eco-friendly headphones at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada. The range has since expanded and now produces headphones and speakers as well as turntables.

Marley also helps run his family's charitable organization, 1Love, as well as the Tuff Gong clothing company.

In popular culture
He made an appearance in the documentary film Motherland.

Personal life
On 18 March 1993, as a sophomore at the University of Miami, Marley married his girlfriend Geraldine Khawly. They had a daughter, Eden (b. 1994), and a son, Nico (b. 1995), who was a linebacker at Tulane and was signed by the Washington Redskins in 2017.

Marley met musician Lauryn Hill in 1996, and they had five children: Zion David (b. 1997), model Selah (b. 1998), singer songwriter Joshua Omaru, known professionally as YG Marley (b. 2001), John Nesta (b. 2003), and Sara (b. 2008). Marley and Hill lived apart for most of their relationship, which ended in 2009. Marley provided temporary custody for their five children while Hill served a three-month prison sentence for tax evasion in 2013. While Hill sometimes referred to Marley as her husband, they never legally married.

In 2003, Rolling Stone suggested that Marley had never divorced Khawly. However, in 2011, Marley produced a Haitian divorce decree which demonstrated that he had divorced Khawly in 1996.

In early 2013, Marley was briefly engaged to Isabeli Fontana, but the engagement ended in early 2013.

On 23 March 2019, Marley married Brazilian model Barbara Fialho in Montes Claros, Brazil, five months before the birth of their daughter Maria. Marley divorced Fialho the following year.

title: Rohan Marley


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Starship Constitution

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect CDC   (talk)  18:15, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Starship Constitution
A page for a Star Trek starship, that was never actually seen in any movie or episode, that was never actually mentioned in dialogue. This can never be anything more than the stubbiest of stubs. Everything that can be said about this starship is already covered in Constitution class starship. Delete AlistairMcMillan 00:37, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Constitution class starship. -- AllyUnion (talk) 02:07, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Redirect as above. --Canderson7 02:12, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect. Agree completely.  -- Un  focused  02:18, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Please note that there are only three actual pages that link to this one. "Constitution class starship" which I already mentioned and two others that could easily be pointed to "Constitution class starship". AlistairMcMillan 02:57, 27 May 2005 (UTC) Lord Patrick 10:39, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect. The starship class is canon, but the actual starship is technically fanon. Somewhere along the line it has been assumed that every class of starship is named for a vessel of that name, but I don't think that's the case. 23skidoo 04:14, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as above. Force10 04:53, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * No vote but it is probably canon if it appeared on the Starship Assignments board in Court Martial; it is certainly quasi-canon, as it has appared in "authorised" publications (Tech Manual; ST Fact Files; it is certainly firm fanon, because it's never been suggested that a class-ship exists without a class-originator ship of that title. --Simon Cursitor 06:39, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as suggested
 * Weak redirect as above. If my knowledge of Trek canon is still up to speed, the starship did exist in the series and was the main reason why the Constitution-class (original Star Trek) was so named. I swear I remember seeing the USS Constitution in one episode of the old series. Until I can confirm this I'll go with a redirect. Jamyskis 11:22, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you thinking of the USS Constellation from The Doomsday Machine perhaps? AlistairMcMillan 22:01, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * That would be the one. In any case, the page Constitution class starship already says the same thing, so a redirect is probably in order. Jamyskis 10:12, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Constitution class starship. -- Lochaber 14:05, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete The article is of no use --IncMan 22:06, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as above. Even if the starship name is demonstrably canon, there's just not enough to say about for it to need its own article.  --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 22:08, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Tomball Independent School District

Tomball Independent School District is a K-12 education school district serving Tomball, Texas, United States as well as the surrounding area.

Tomball ISD encompasses 83 square miles in northwest Harris County and southwest Montgomery County, and is located approximately 30 miles from downtown Houston. As of 2022, the district has over 20,000 students at 22 campuses.

Tomball ISD serves students in northern Harris County and southwestern Montgomery County, Texas, including the City of Tomball, Lakewood Grove, Northepointe, Village Creek, Creekside Park Village (a section of The Woodlands), and the communities of Hufsmith, Decker Prairie, Pinehurst, and Rose Hill. Tomball ISD is approximately 20 miles northwest of Houston's central business district and 15 miles southwest of the Woodlands. Tomball ISD is bounded by Waller ISD to the west, Magnolia ISD to the north, Conroe ISD to the east, Klein ISD to the southeast, and Cypress-Fairbanks ISD to the southwest. As the principal crossroads of Tomball, FM 2920 (Tomball's Main Street) generally runs east-west through the center of the district, and SH 249 generally runs north-south through the center of the district. The Grand Parkway (SH 99) also runs east-west through the southern half of the district.

Tomball Independent School District is accredited by the Texas Education Agency, which rated  it "A - Superior" in 2017–2018.

Tomball ISD is part of the taxation base for Lone Star College (formerly North Harris Montgomery Community College District).

History
Public school was first taught in Tomball in 1908. Tomball Independent School District was established in 1937 after a new school house was built on Cherry Street in downtown Tomball in 1936. A dedicated high school was built on Main Street in downtown Tomball shortly after. This school was rebuilt in 1961 after a fire and is now Tomball Intermediate School. In 1974, a new high school was built on Quinn Road (then called Sandy Lane) at Zion Road on the north side of Tomball.

In 1981, voters overwhelmingly approved an $18.8 million bond to build three new elementary schools and double the size of the new Tomball High School campus.

Tomball Junior High School opened in 1993 across Quinn Road from Tomball High School.

In 2000, voters approved a $98 million bond to renovate Tomball High School and several other campuses and build Willow Wood Junior High, Northpointe Intermediate, and Rosehill Elementary schools and a natatorium across the street from Tomball Junior High School.

In 2007, voters approved a $198 million bond, which included funding for Tomball Memorial High School (the district's second high school) and Canyon Pointe, Creekside Forest, and Timber Creek elementary schools, as well as expansions and renovations at other schools and new district-level facilities, including a new district administrative building on the site of the district's 1936 school building on Cherry Street in downtown Tomball.

In May 2013, voters approved a $160 million bond to build four new schools (an intermediate and an elementary school in the Northpointe area and a junior high and an elementary school in the Creekside area), renovate all other schools, and upgrade the district stadium track and field next to Tomball HS and the field at Tomball Memorial HS. Approximately 1,900 voters approved the bond by a 2-to-1 margin. At the time, the district had 11,700 students.

In November 2017, voters approved Bond 2017 - a $275 million bond program that funded two new schools (Grand Oaks Elementary and Grand Lakes Jr High), an agricultural barn, a natatorium at Tomball Memorial HS, the Tomball ISD Stadium and Community Event Center complex at Cypress-Rosehill and the Grand Parkway, an expansion to Tomball Memorial High School, and renovations to Tomball Intermediate School. The funds were also utilized for instructional technology, school buses, and land purchases as well as the installation of utilities. Approximately 3,600 voters voted on Bond 2017, which passed by roughly 1700 votes.

In 2018, Tomball ISD was named as a finalist in the 17th Annual H-E-B Excellence in Education Awards program in the large school district division. The award recognizes outstanding school districts demonstrating a commitment to student achievement through innovative programs, parent and community involvement, and professional development opportunities for teachers and administrators.

In November 2021, voters approved Propositions A and B of Bond 2021 - a $494.5 million bond program that will fund four new schools (two elementary, one intermediate, and a third high school) and facilities, including the purchase of the former BJ Services Headquarters building now called the Eastside Complex (which will become the Tomball Innovation Center and, as of January 2023, is the new home for Tomball Star Academy) and a pre-K center, infrastructure, renovations, transportation, technology for staff and students as well as security updates. Voters did not approve Propositions C, D, and E of Bond 2021, which would have provided an additional $73.1 million for athletic facility upgrades, a natatorium at the third high school, and a new fine arts/athletics multi-use facility at each of the three high schools. Propositions A and B received roughly 57% approval, and Propositions C, D, and E received roughly 47% approval. Approximately 8,600 voters voted on Bond 2021, with Propositions A and B each passing by roughly 1200 votes and Propositions C, D, and E each failing to pass by roughly 500 votes.

On October 10, 2022, the district broke ground on the Jeurgen Road complex, between Mueschke Rd and Cypress-Rosehill Rd on the western edge of the district that will include the new high school, the intermediate school, and one of the elementary schools approved in Bond 2021. The other elementary school was to be built at the Eastside Complex. In May 2023, the district announced that the elementary school planned for the Eastside Complex would instead be an intermediate school to relieve Creekside Park Junior High and the elementary schools in its feeder pattern. This Intermediate School #5 would have made all the elementary schools in the district serve grades K-4 and all the junior highs serve grades 7-8. In December 2023, in response to parent protests, TISD decided to expand Creekside Park Junior High to include grades 5-8 instead of building a new intermediate school outside of the Creekside Park Village area.

In September 2023, Tomball ISD's superintendent, Martha Salazar-Zamora, was named Superintendent of the Year (SOTY) by the Texas Association of School Boards.

Community Events
Between 1964 and 1974, Tomball ISD presented a "Spring Festival" at the high school auditorium on Main Street that involved all grades and included a Coronation Ceremony, talent show, and musical and theatrical performances.

Since 1981, the district has presented a "Patriotic Show" during a football game each season to honor military members and veterans in the Tomball community with a combined band and drill team performance, a veterans dinner and on-field salute, and fireworks. Since the opening of Tomball Memorial High School in 2011, the Patriotic Show has been presented at the Tomball-Tomball Memorial rivalry game. 2022 marked the 42nd presentation of the Patriotic Show.

Since 2007, Tomball High School conducts a homecoming parade down Main Street in downtown Tomball during Homecoming Week. Tomball Memorial High School also conducts a homecoming parade around the Memorial High School campus each year.

Population Growth
Tomball ISD largely served just the City of Tomball and its surrounding rural area until the early 2000s, when expansion of the northwest Houston suburbs and The Woodlands reached the district boundaries, bringing suburban developments into the district. The two suburban population centers in the district, Northpointe/Oakcrest in the south and The Woodlands' Village of Creekside Park in the east, have accelerated the district's growth, making it a "Fast Growth" district since around 2010. Starting in 2020, suburban real estate demand driven by the COVID pandemic increased development activity throughout the district with thousands of new homes expected to be built in the district by 2030.

Campuses

 * The former Beckendorf Intermediate School was built in 1979 at the northeast corner of Quinn Road and Baker Drive, just south of Tomball High School, but was permanently closed and demolished in 2011 after a fault line was discovered under the school in 2004.
 * The Tomball Intermediate School campus was the district's high school campus from 1938 to 1974, when the new Tomball High School campus opened. It served as a junior high campus until the new Tomball Junior High campus opened in 1993, at which point it became an intermediate campus. The campus was expanded in 2009 to accommodate the closure of Beckendorf Intermediate School.
 * In 2023, TISD made plans to move intermediate school grades of the Creekside Village area to Tomball by building a new intermediate school at Tomball Innovation Center, but parents protested as they felt the proposed school was too far from Creekside Village. The district shifted and decided instead to move the fifth grade to an addition at Creekside Park Junior High School. The directors of The Woodlands Township had asked that TISD not move the middle school students to Tomball.

Feeder patterns
In 2010, the school district was rated "Recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.

title: Tomball Independent School District