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Emanuel Moravec

Emanuel Moravec (17 April 1893 – 5 May 1945) was a Czech army officer and writer who served as the collaborationist Minister of Education of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia between 1942 and 1945. He was also chair of the Board of Trustees for the Education of Youth, a fascist youth organisation in the protectorate.

In World War I, Moravec served in the Austro-Hungarian Army, but following capture by the Russians he changed sides to join Russian-backed Serbian forces and then the Czechoslovak Legion, which went on to fight on the side of the White Army in the Russian Civil War. During the interwar period he commanded an infantry battalion in the Czechoslovak Army. As a proponent of democracy during the 1930s, Moravec was outspoken in his warnings about the expansionist plans of Germany under Adolf Hitler and appealed for armed action rather than capitulation to German demands for the Sudetenland. In the aftermath of the German occupation of the rump Czechoslovakia, he became an enthusiastic collaborator, realigning his political worldview towards fascism. He committed suicide in the final days of World War II.

Unlike some officials of the short-lived protectorate government, whose reputations were rehabilitated in whole or in part after the war, Moravec's good reputation did not survive his tenure in office and he has been widely derided as a "Czech Quisling".

Early life and education
Emanual Moravec was born in Prague, the son of a modest merchant family originally from Kutná Hora. He graduated from a vocational school and found employment as a clerk at a Prague company. At the outbreak of World War I, Moravec was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army and dispatched with his unit to the Carpathian Front.

Moravec was captured by the Imperial Russian Army in 1915 and held at a prisoner-of-war camp in Samarkand. He was subsequently paroled and given command of a machine-gun platoon in the First Serbian Volunteer Division; a unit consisting of former prisoners of war, including Serbs and other Slavs from the countries of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, fighting on the Russian side. In September 1916, following fierce action against Bulgarian forces along the Dobrudzha Front, Moravec was hospitalized with shell shock. Upon his release, he joined the Czechoslovak Legion, falsely claiming to hold an engineering degree to receive an officer's commission.

The Czechoslovak Legion, a volunteer unit composed of diaspora Czechs and Slovaks as well as deserters from the Austro-Hungarian Army, had been formed in 1917 to support the Allies; it later became involved in the Russian Civil War, fighting on the side of the White Russians. Over the next two years, Moravec saw combat with the Legion in Russia.

First Czechoslovak Republic
Moravec returned to a newly independent Czechoslovakia at the end of World War I with the legionary rank of captain. He was accepted into Prague's War School and, upon graduation, commissioned as a major in the Czechoslovak Army. He ultimately came to command the 1st Field Battalion of the 21st Infantry Regiment in Znojmo. Simultaneous with his military career, Moravec contributed to newspapers and magazines, including Lidové noviny, on political and military matters. Writing under the pen name Stanislav Yester, he won the Baťa Prize for Journalism.

In 1931 Moravec was appointed an instructor at the War School and promoted to colonel. In his writings, Moravec had become increasingly emphatic about the growing ambitions of Nazi Germany. He called for Czechoslovakia to form an alliance with Poland and Italy against what he saw as a rising German threat. Moravec came to be seen as one of Czechoslovakia's leading geopolitical strategists and caught the attention of President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Moravec wrote the preface to a printed edition of one of Masaryk's addresses to the Czechoslovak Army. In it, he signaled his support for the creation of the democratic state of Czechoslovakia that had come out of World War I, as well as his personal loyalty to Masaryk:

The age of democracy has given us a new man, who has spoken and demanded to be heard in every field of human activity. This new man has given us also a new soldier with new tasks and duties ... No one ... has said so much healthy about the new soldier as President Masaryk.

When Masaryk died in 1935, Moravec served as one of the pallbearers at his funeral. In 1938 Moravec warned that "if Czechoslovakia should fall, France would find herself politically on the European periphery". Moravec argued that the head of the Danube Basin was guarded by what he described as the "fortress of Bohemia" – the land barrier that marked the natural border between eastern and western Europe. If a state were to take Czechoslovakia it would, therefore, control the head of the Danube basin and be free to strike against either France or Poland with ease. Although Moravec was concerned with German political and military aims he generally rejected some of the more extreme aspects of anti-German thought, taking a cautiously receptive approach to Emanuel Rádl's thesis which posited the existence of an irrational Czech racism towards Germans.

Munich Agreement
In 1938 German demands for the Sudetenland came to a head. In September, General Jan Syrový, inspector-general of the Czechoslovak Army, was installed by President Edvard Beneš as prime minister. In response to the German ultimatum, Syrový declared that "further concessions from our side are no longer possible"; 42 Czechoslovak divisions were mobilized in preparation for an expected German invasion. By the end of September, with Czechoslovakia abandoned by France and Britain, and territorial demands piled on from Poland, Beneš backtracked on Czechoslovakia's refusal to accept further German requests.

At this time, as well as holding his army post, Moravec was serving as a member of the Committee for the Defense of the Republic, a nationalist pressure group led by the son of the former Czechoslovak finance minister Alois Rašín. In that capacity he sought an audience with Beneš during the last week of September, on the eve of the Munich ratification. During a two-hour confrontation with Beneš, Moravec pleaded with the president to declare war against Germany, and not capitulate to German demands. His pleas went unheeded.

Second Czechoslovak Republic
The Munich Agreement left Moravec disillusioned with both Western democracies and Beneš' diplomatic competence. According to Moravec, "apostles without courage" had led Czechoslovakia to capitulation. He expressed anger at the government's evocation of national ideals in its announcement of the agreement, declaring that a state unwilling to defend its ideals should not boast of them in the same way "a whore has no right to boast of her honor". As a further expression of his contempt for the government, he mockingly requested leave to join the army of El Salvador.

During the short-lived Second Czechoslovak Republic, with Prague actively seeking to appease Germany to avoid further territorial losses, Moravec was forced to quit teaching at the military academy. Moreover, he found himself prohibited by the government from writing for newspapers due to concerns that the incendiary, anti-German nature of his editorials would be unduly provocative.

Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
On 16 March 1939, Germany occupied the rump Czechoslovak state and the German-controlled Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was declared. According to František Moravec, Emanuel Moravec attempted to leave the Czech lands prior to the German arrival and join the military cadre being sent abroad. His offer of service was rejected. Moravec was particularly concerned that his earlier denunciations of Germany, and his reputation as a strident anti-German polemicist, might make him a target of the new regime. He was surprised, therefore, when the new German authorities informed him he could resume writing books and newspaper columns. Moravec returned to writing with gusto and a reoriented editorial line, declaring "our nation could have died in war [with Germany]. Now the whole nation will die of fright and fear".

Writing in V úloze mouřenína – Československá tragedie 1938, the most popular of his works, Moravec sought to more fully reconcile his support for the Germans with his earlier calls for resistance. He indicted Beneš and the intelligentsia for Czechoslovakia's defeat and declared it was the unwillingness of the elite to confront Germany militarily that demonstrated democracy's moral decay, thereby ultimately justifying its termination:

... the mottoes humanism and democracy were fluttering about everywhere, but the Czech nation was actually living off its great military tradition of Hussitism and revolutionary armies. All attempts to smother the old-soldierly character that was in the blood of this people led nowhere. The soppy lemonade of moribund pacifism offered in the fragile glass of the League of Nations (that was after 1919 already cracked) was enjoyed only by a group of the intelligentsia that had a particularly girlish character.

In 1941 Moravec helped found the Board of Trustees for the Education of Youth, a fascist youth group, and served as its chairman. The following year, Reinhard Heydrich who, in his role as the Berlin-appointed Deputy Protector of Bohemia and Moravia held penultimate day-to-day authority in the protectorate, compelled President Emil Hácha to appoint Moravec as the protectorate's education minister. Unlike other protectorate ministries, the education ministry under Moravec was given a measure of autonomy and not required to report to an overseer in the office of the Reich Protector. As with all protectorate ministers, Moravec's mandate to hold office was at the pleasure of the Reich Protector, as set-out in the 16 March 1939 decree of the German government.

Policies and initiatives as Minister of Education
By the time Moravec was given authority for the education ministry, Czech universities had been closed, school textbooks revised, and more than 1,000 student leaders deported to Sachsenhausen concentration camp.

In his new post as minister of education, Moravec instituted the study of German as a compulsory subject in schools, explaining that it would become a lingua franca of Europe: "[e]very Czech who desires to excel in the future must acquire the German language so that work opportunities in all fields are open to them not only in the Reich, but also in Europe and the whole world ... learn German in order that the Czechs' good reputation can spread way beyond the frontiers of Bohemia and Moravia". He also promoted the idea of Czech culture as a historic component of Germanic culture. The Czech Women's Center, originally founded during the Second Republic as a group of professional women seeking greater gender equality, operated under Moravec's auspices. It was at his suggestion that it became a leading advocate for nutritional education.

Moravec did not limit himself to educational questions. In 1943 he advanced a proposal to deploy the Army of the Protectorate to the Eastern Front in support of German operations. Hácha discussed the proposal with Reich Minister for Bohemia and Moravia Karl Hermann Frank who ultimately decided not to forward it to Adolf Hitler.

Moravec reportedly offered the noted Czech journalist Ferdinand Peroutka release from Buchenwald concentration camp in exchange for accepting a position writing for the newspaper Lidové noviny, an offer Peroutka declined.

Anti-Semitism
During his tenure as education minister, Moravec adopted an anti-Semitic worldview that largely mirrored that of the Nazi Party. It positioned Germany as fighting a war to save humanity from Judaism. Moravec publicly blamed Jews for pre-war tensions between the former Czechoslovakia and Germany. He claimed that "Jewish capitalist interests hitched themselves to Anglo-French strategic interests and, entirely artificially and cunningly, escalated Czech hatred of the German nation to a state of unbounded fury." In Tatsachen und Irrtümer ("Facts and Errors") Moravec declared that the annexation of the Czech lands to Germany would benefit Czechs "because the Jews have been excluded from the German nation, the agents of capitalism have been rendered powerless in Germany".

Assassination target
In the winter of 1939–40, the Czechoslovak resistance group known as the Three Kings attempted to kill Moravec with a letter bomb. The Czechoslovak government-in-exile also considered targeting Moravec for assassination, but decided to go after Heydrich instead in what became known as Operation Anthropoid. Following Heydrich's death, Moravec was a keynote speaker at several mass rallies throughout the Protectorate. These were intended to demonstrate the opposition of ordinary Czechs to Heydrich's killing.

Death
During the Prague Uprising of May 1945, Moravec attempted to drive to a radio station under German control in the hope of broadcasting an appeal for calm. When the vehicle he was traveling in ran out of fuel Moravec dismounted and shot himself in the head with a pistol, presumably to avoid capture. He died four days before the liberation of Prague.

Personal life
Moravec was a Master Mason, a fact that earned him contempt from some in the pre-Protectorate Czech fascist community such as the Vlajka.

Both Moravec and his private secretary, Franz Stuchlik, were keen rock collectors. After Moravec's death, his collection was confiscated by the Czechoslovak state and donated to the National Museum. As of 2015, 107 mineral samples from Moravec's private collection were still held by the museum.

Marriages
Moravec was married three times. His first wife, Helena Georgijevna Beka, whom he met while a prisoner of war in Samarkand, was a close relative of the prominent Bolshevik Alexei Rykov. With her he had two sons, Igor (1920-1947) and Jurij (1923-1964). In 1932 he was divorced and, in April that year, married Pavla Szondy, who gave birth to Moravec's third son, Pavel. This marriage also ended in separation, Moravec and Szondy divorcing in 1938. In 1942 Moravec married Jolana Emmerová, his housemaid, who was only sixteen when their relationship caused the end of his previous marriage.

Children
Igor fought on the Eastern Front as a volunteer with the 3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf. His younger brother, Jurij, served in the Wehrmacht's 137th Infantry Division and unlike Igor was privately critical of his father's political views. While serving in France, Jurij was caught drunk on guard duty and sentenced to six months imprisonment and a one grade demotion. At the request of Emanuel Moravec, Frank personally appealed to OKW operations chief Generaloberst Alfred Jodl in the matter and the younger Moravec's sentence was quashed.

Pavel was sent to school in Salzburg after the establishment of the Protectorate and died in an air raid in 1944. Igor was arrested and executed by hanging at the end of the war on charges of murder and treason. Jurij was arrested and sentenced to a prison term at the end of the war and upon release emigrated to West Germany.

Legacy
Denounced by the Allies and the Czech government-in-exile during World War II as a "Czech Quisling", Moravec has been described by John Laughland as "an enthusiastic collaborator" with Nazi Germany. This contrasts with other protectorate-era officials like Emil Hácha, whom Laughland calls "a tragic figure", or Jaroslav Eminger, who was later completely exonerated for his service in the Protectorate government. During the 2006 presentation of the Gratias Agit Award, given annually by the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs to recognize those who promote the Czech Republic, foreign minister Cyril Svoboda declared that "... we are also a country of those who have deformed our good name, people [such] as Emanuel Moravec, Klement Gottwald".

Czech historian Jiří Pernes has argued that had Moravec died before March 1939 he would have been remembered as a well-regarded Bohemian patriot; his pre-war record was sufficiently distinguished to earn him a place in history.

In 1997 Pernes published a biography of Moravec. He was later criticized for the volume which, it was alleged, was heavily plagiarized from a doctoral dissertation on Moravec's life written by Josef Vytlačil.

In 2013, Daniel Landa portrayed Moravec in an episode of the Czech historical drama television series České století (Czech Century), titled "Den po Mnichovu (1938)" ("The Day after Munich"). The episode centres on Moravec' fierce opposition to president Beneš' capitulation to the invading German forces, ending with their face-to-face discussion. A mid-credits scene then reveals Moravec' later conversion to Nazi ideology. The episode suggests an ambivalence between genuine and pathological national pride, also by casting Landa, himself a known and controversial nationalist.

Publications

 * Moravec, Emanuel. (1936). Obrana státu ("National Defence"). Prague: Svaz čs. důstojnictva.
 * Moravec, Emanuel. (1936). Válečné možnosti ve střední Evropě a válka v Habeši ("Military Capabilities in Central Europe and the Abyssinian War") Prague: Svaz čs. důstojnictva.
 * Moravec, Emanuel. (1939). Válečné možnosti ve střední Evropě a válka v Habeši ("Military Capabilities in Central Europe and the Abyssinian War") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
 * Moravec, Emanuel. (1940). Děje a bludy ("Ideas and Delusions") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
 * Moravec, Emanuel. (1941). O smyslu dnešní valky; cesty současné strategie. ("The Meaning of Today's War") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
 * Moravec, Emanuel. (1941). V úloze mouřenína: Československá tragedie 1938 ("In the Role of the Moor: the Czechoslovak Tragedy of 1938") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
 * Moravec, Emanuel. (1942). Tři roky před mikrofonem. ("Three Years in Front of the Microphone") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
 * Moravec, Emanuel. (1942). Tatsachen und Irrtümer ("Facts and Errors") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
 * Moravec, Emanuel. (1943). O český zítřek. ("About Tomorrow's Czechia") Prague: Orbis Verlag.

title: Emanuel Moravec


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Natalie Glebova

Natalie Glebova (born Natalya Vladimirovna Glebova; 11 November 1981) is a Canadian beauty queen who was crowned Miss Universe 2005. She had previously been crowned Miss Universe Canada 2005.

Early life and education
Glebova was born in Tuapse, Russia, to parents Vladimir Slezin and Anna Glebova. While in Russia, Vladimir worked as a radio communications specialist in the merchant marine industry, while Anna was a high school teacher. Glebova grew up as an only child. As a child, Glebova studied classical piano and competed in rhythmic gymnastics. At age 13, Glebova and her family left Russia for Canada and settled in Toronto, Ontario. After arriving in Canada, her parents found employment as software specialists.

After graduating from high school (central, in London Ontario), Glebova worked as a professional model in Toronto and received a Bachelor of Commerce in information technology management and marketing from Toronto Metropolitan University. Prior to competing in pageantry, Glebova worked as a motivational speaker for elementary and high school students.

Miss Universe Canada
In 2004, Glebova began her pageantry career while competing in Miss Universe Canada 2004, where she placed as the third runner-up behind eventual winner Venessa Fisher. Glebova returned the following year and won the Miss Universe Canada 2005 title.

Miss Universe
As Miss Universe Canada 2005, Glebova earned the right to represent Canada in the Miss Universe 2005 pageant, to be held in Bangkok, Thailand. Glebova became the fourth Canadian in ten years to advance to the semi-finals, eventually advancing to the top five along with Cynthia Olavarria of Puerto Rico, Laura Elizondo of Mexico, Renata Sone of Dominican Republic, and Monica Spear of Venezuela. Throughout the contest, Glebova gave a traditional Thai greeting known as a "Wai" on every appearance which helped her win over Thai audiences and judges. At the conclusion of the pageant, Glebova was crowned Miss Universe 2005 by outgoing titleholder Jennifer Hawkins of Australia. Glebova's win was Canada's second after Karen Dianne Baldwin had been crowned Miss Universe 1982.

As Miss Universe, Glebova traveled extensively and immersed herself in a campaign to increase awareness of HIV and AIDS, the ongoing platform of the Miss Universe titleholder. She attended the G8 Summit in New York City on 11 August 2005, which reflected on ending poverty in underdeveloped regions, and ending gang activity and drug cartels in Colombia. In November, Glebova attended a special Hindustan Times Leadership Summit in Delhi, India, and was on a week-long tour of several Indian cities on an AIDS Awareness Program. In December, she attended the national pageants of Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic before going back to Thailand to commemorate the one-year anniversary of the 2004 tsunami tragedy.

During Glebova's official homecoming to her hometown of Toronto, the Miss Universe was formally offered an apology by the city's mayor David Miller after she was barred from attending a "Tastes of Thailand" festival while wearing her sash and tiara nor being introduced as a beauty titleholder. A 1990 bylaw, which prevents sexual stereotyping of women in public events, was strictly enforced and largely criticized by Miller and Miss Universe Organization president Paula Shugart. Shugart called the episode an "insult" to not only Glebova, but to the Thai government who named her an "honorary tourism ambassador". According to Shugart, this was the first time in Miss Universe's history that a titleholder was uninvited from a public event. The same bylaw was once invoked to bar Barenaked Ladies from a public concert at Nathan Phillips Square due to their name.

During her reign, Glebova traveled to Africa in July to attend an AIDS Educational Tour with the Global Health Council, Malaysia in late September, the Bahamas and St. Martin. In late March 2006, Glebova visited Russia for the first time since leaving the country in her pre-teens. She participated in an HIV-AIDS Awareness campaign in Moscow and attended a Russian fashion show as a special guest. She also made numerous trips to Thailand, where she commemorated the anniversary of the 2004 tsunami, and Canada, her home nation.

She also attended the national pageants of Ukraine in mid October, Puerto Rico in November, Dominican Republic in December, Czech Republic in February, Thailand and Nicaragua in March, Brazil in April. She also crowned Alice Panikian as her Miss Universe Canada successor the night of March 21, 2006. Alice finished 6th in Miss Universe.

Glebova was supposed to travel to Indonesia to crown Miss Indonesia Universe 2006 in late July, but because of Canada's travel ban to the Southeast Asian country, Glebova was officially replaced with Puerto Rico's Cynthia Olavarria, the First Runner-Up of Miss Universe 2005. Since the Miss Indonesia pageant's revival in 2000, this was the first time that Miss Universe was unable to attend the coronation.

On July 23, 2006 Glebova crowned Zuleyka Rivera of Puerto Rico as her successor in Los Angeles.

Post-pageantry
After finishing her reign as Miss Universe, Glebova continued appearing as a brand ambassador and in public roles. In May 2006, it was announced that Glebova, along with golfer Vijay Singh and pro tennis player Paradorn Srichaphan, would become a brand ambassador for Thailand-based beer brewers Singha Corp. owners of Boon Rawd Brewery. Glebova completed her 1-year contract with Singha in July 2007.

In 2008, Glebova joined The Amazing Race Asia 3 and she partnered with Pailin Rungratanasunthorn. They represented Thailand and came in 8th place.

In December 2012, it was announced that Glebova will compete in reality TV show "Dancing with the Stars Thailand". The first episode was aired on Channel 7 (Thailand) on January 8, 2013, at 10:30 pm.

In May 2012, Glebova and French company Bel Perfumes based in Thailand released Glebova's first fragrance, Beauty Icon.

Glebova also serves as an ambassador for Soi Dog Foundation, a non-profit organization aiding homeless street animals in Thailand.

In June 2015, Glebova became an Ambassador for Year of the Gibbon for the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group - Section on Small Apes, to raise awareness for gibbon conservation. Glebova has a passion for wildlife conservation and recently launched a public awareness campaign about the impact of photo-prop tourism on gibbons Year of the Gibbon.

In 2018, Glebova partnered with a California attorney and entrepreneur Dr. Patama Mokaves Dumas to start a program for high schools and universities called Empowered. The program's aim is to develop confidence and positive thinking of young people so they can happily achieve their life goals. They are teaching a course titled “Empowered YOU” at Bangkok University since 2018.

Personal life
In 2006, Glebova began dating Thai professional tennis player Paradorn Srichaphan, whom she met at the 2006 Thailand Open. They became engaged the following year, and married later in 2007 in Bangkok. The couple split up in early 2011.

Published work

 * February 2007, Healthy Happy Beautiful.
 * November 2018, I Am Winning - A Guide to Personal Empowerment available on Amazon and in Asia Books Thailand.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Natalie Glebova


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Be a Clown

"Be a Clown" is a song written by Cole Porter for the 1948 film The Pirate. The song was performed twice in the film: first by Gene Kelly and The Nicholas Brothers and then at the end of the film by Kelly and Judy Garland.

The song "Make 'Em Laugh" in the film Singin' in the Rain is very similar to "Be a Clown". Both films were Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer productions and starred Kelly, who appeared in (but did not sing) the "Make 'Em Laugh" segment of the latter film, in which the song was performed by Donald O'Connor.

title: Be a Clown


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Isotropy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - kept - SimonP 03:49, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Isotropy (née Isotropic)
This article appeared almost 4 years ago as a simple dicdef. Over the years, people have added material on Isotropic radiation, Isotropic manifolds, Isotropic antennas, and Isotropic bands. These should have been separate articles, and indeed Isotropic Antenna already was. I've created stubs for the others, and the original dicdef is now on Wiktionary. Since there's no ambiguity to disambiguate (no two articles with the same name), there's no point in converting the article into a dab page. Die! Die! Die! Die! Isaac R 03:33, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Actually, I think it could make a prettty good dab for people looking up Isotropic. Double Blue  (Talk) 04:14, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * But people don't look up "isotropic" -- they look up "Isotropic radiation", etc. OK, maybe somebody might type in just "isotropic", because they can't remember what isotropic thing they're looking for. In which case a dab page might make it harder for them to find what they're looking for. Suppose they want "Isotropic fornicators" and whoever wrote that article forgot to add it to the dab page. They're out of luck. But if there is no dab page, searching for "Isotropic" gets you all the articles with "Isotropic" in their title -- much more reliable. Let's save disambiguation pages for page names that are actually ambiguous. Isaac R 04:36, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Searching for "Isotropic" gets one the articles with "Isotropic" in their titles irrespective of this page's existence. Uncle G 07:09, 2005 May 31 (UTC)
 * This article looks a lot like a disambiguation page than an orientation page. But all the same, the segments are short, short enough that it is just about in the wrong place. I say split and Transwiki the parts to the Wiktionary. --JB Adder | Talk 05:22, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete (perhaps merge and make it a full article with anisotropic) drini ☎ 06:04, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, there needs to be a page discussing this concept. Kappa 07:26, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep agree with Kappa. Klonimus 07:34, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Which concept? The concept of isotropic radiation? Of isotropic manifolds? Of isotropic antennas? Of isotropic bands?  Or of isotropy?  What concept is denoted by "isotropic"? Uncle G 07:33, 2005 May 31 (UTC)
 * There's a strong trend on Wikipedia to take a dicdef and turn it into a article based on the concept or concepts behind the word. Such articles are always vague, subjective, POV, soapboxy, or all of the above. But nobody seems to want to hear this, so I'm giving up on fighting the trend. Isaac R 15:49, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Perfectly good article. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 08:52, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The article is not great as it stands, but it is useful enough. Even though I think converting this to a disambig would be preferrable. Sjakkalle 09:21, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, concur with Kappa. Megan1967 10:54, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and turn into a disambiguation. Mgm|(talk) 14:30, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep --- disambiguation. Vonkje 16:12, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — disambig. — RJH 19:56, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Isotropy is a very important concept by itself, do not turn it into a disambiguation. --Nabla 23:53, 2005 May 31 (UTC)
 * Keep - Isotropy deserves its own article with a section named "See Also" or "What involves isotropy?" with links to the various isotropy-related articles. (isotropic radiation, isotropic manifold, isotropic antenna, isotropic bands) Jared81 07:05, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:67.101.5.174

title: User talk:67.101.5.174


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Boris Vannikov

Boris Lvovich Vannikov (Бори́с Льво́вич Ва́нников; 26 August 1897 – 22 February 1962) was a Soviet government official and three-star general.

Vannikov served as People's Commissar for Defense Industry from December 1937 until January 1939 and People's Commissar for Armament from January 1939 through June 1941. On June 7, 1941, Vannikov was arrested for "failing to carry out his duties" and was condemned to death. However, after Nazi Germany attacked the USSR on 22 June 1941, Vannikov was released on 25 July 1941 and then appointed People's Commissar for Ammunition, a post he held from February 1942 until June 1946. Two of his siblings died during fighting in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

From 1945 through 1953 Vannikov was Head of the 1st Main Directorate of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. In this position Vannikov worked under direct leadership of Lavrenty Beria overseeing the Soviet atomic bomb project. He inadvertently helped the nuclear scientists Yulii Khariton and Igor Kurchatov by walking close to their test reactor. His body fat reflected enough neutrons to approach criticality.

Boris Chertok, a Soviet military engineer, described Vannikov as "quite energetic, typically Jewish in appearance, sometimes rudely cynical, sometimes very blunt, and friendly and amicable when necessary... [with] quite exceptional organizational skills." Chertok claimed that "Vannikov’s tremendous contribution was to eliminate problems in ammunitions production and delivery. Therefore, it was not the least bit surprising that Stalin and Beriya, despite Vannikov's past and his Jewish ethnicity, put him in charge of all operations for the development of the atomic bomb as head of the First Main Directorate."

Vannikov was the first person who was awarded (by 2nd and 3rd stars) as a Hero of Socialist Labor three times (in 1942, 1949, and 1954), and he was twice awarded the Stalin Prize (in 1951 and 1953). After Beria's arrest and death in 1953, Vannikov was moved to the position of First Deputy Minister of Medium Machine-Building Ministry (made of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Main Directorates merged; the code-name for nuclear-related R&D and production in the USSR). He retired in 1958.

Vannikov purportedly disliked the Soviet regime. According to Beria's son, Vannikov said of the Soviet Union, "I hate it and yet I work for it. And I work honestly. What else can I do?" and that "Instead of shutting myself up in research I had to go into politics... Thereafter, I was done for."

Vannikov died on 22 February, 1962 in Moscow, and his ashes were interred in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.

title: Boris Vannikov


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Telephone network

A telephone network is a telecommunications network that connects telephones, which allows telephone calls between two or more parties, as well as newer features such as fax and internet. The idea was revolutionized in the 1920s, as more and more people purchased telephones and used them to communicate news, ideas, and personal information. During the 1990s, it was further revolutionized by the advent of computers and other sophisticated communication devices, and with the use of dial-up internet.

There are a number of different types of telephone network:

 * A landline network where the telephones must be directly wired into a single telephone exchange. This is known as the public switched telephone network or PSTN.
 * A wireless network where the telephones are mobile and can move around anywhere within the coverage area.
 * A private network where a closed group of telephones are connected primarily to each other and use a gateway to reach the outside world. This is usually used inside companies and call centres and is called a private branch exchange (PBX).
 * Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Public telephone operators (PTOs) own and build networks of the first two types and provide services to the public under license from the national government. Virtual Network Operators (VNOs) lease capacity wholesale from the PTOs and sell on telephony service to the public directly.

title: Telephone network


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Gerard Phalen

Gerard A. "Jigger" Phalen (March 28, 1934 – October 25, 2021) was a former Canadian Senator, educator, and union leader.

Early life
Phalen was from Glace Bay, Nova Scotia He was an industrial mechanical instructor at the Nova Scotia Eastern Institute of Technology and then at the University College of Cape Breton (now Cape Breton University) until his retirement in 1991. Active in the Nova Scotia Government Employees Union, he served as its president from 1976 to 1979. He has also served as chairman of the faculty association at NSEIT and in various other academic capacities at UCCB.

Political career
He was appointed to the Canadian Senate by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien in 2001 and sat in the upper house as a Liberal. He left the Senate upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75 on March 28, 2009.

Personal life
Phalen and his wife Christina Phalen had three children.

title: Gerard Phalen


text:
User talk:T. K. Leibniz the Ineffable

COTW Project
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title: User talk:T. K. Leibniz the Ineffable


text:
Missouri House of Representatives

The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203) and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2024.

Operations
The Missouri House of Representatives meets annually beginning on the Wednesday after the first Monday in January. A part-time legislature, it concludes session business by May 30. To serve in the chamber, an individual must have attained the age of 24 and have resided in their district for a period of one year preceding the election. State representatives are paid $36,813 per year, with a per diem of $121 per day. The Speaker of the House is the most powerful individual in the chamber, elected by all members of the House. The Speaker makes an additional $2,500 per year in accordance with state law. Representatives are term-limited to a maximum of four terms, or eight years, in the chamber.

Members confirm officers of the House every two years when organizing as a new General Assembly, which include the Chief Clerk, the Sergeant-At-Arms, the Chaplain, and the Doorkeeper. The Chief Clerk has the added responsibility of serving as House Administrator and is responsible for supervising the work of eight non-partisan staff. The current Chief Clerk and House Administrator is Dana Miller.

Standing committees
These are the yearly recurring committees that hold hearings on legislation filed by Representatives. Once filed, legislation is assigned to one of the following committees by the Missouri Speaker of the House. Legislation is typically assigned to the committee whose province envelopes the subject matter of the bill. However, there are frequently multiple relevant committees to which a bill can be assigned, and it is at the Speaker's discretion to choose which committee receives the bill. Politics can also play a part, as the Speaker may assign a bill to a committee with an unfriendly chair or membership, or may select a more friendly committee.

The partisan makeup of each committee is intended to reflect as closely as possible the partisan makeup of the entire House. Each Party caucus selects which of its members will serve on the Standing Committees, and the chair of each committee is chosen by the Speaker of the House.

Budget committee and subcommittees
Tradition in the Missouri General Assembly is that all appropriations bills initiate in the Missouri House rather than the Senate. So each year, the chair of the House Budget Committee files legislation establishing the spending plan for the state of Missouri. This plan, which in 2007 exceeded $20 billion, may differ greatly from the Governor's budget recommendations, issued at the State of the State address given in late January.

The budget legislation is assigned to the House Budget Committee, which then assigns each bill to its respective subcommittee. After the subcommittee makes its recommendations, the full Budget Committee runs through the entire appropriations package, makes its desired changes, and sends the bill to the full House for consideration.

Joint committees
Joint Committees contain members from both the Missouri House and Senate. These committees may be permanent and study ongoing issues, or may be temporary and intended to come up with suggested legislation to address a one-time issue. The Chair of these committees typically alternates annually between a Representative and a Senator to prevent unfairness to one chamber.

 * Joint Committee on Administrative Rules
 * Joint Committee on Capitol Security
 * Joint Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect
 * Joint Committee on Disaster Preparedness and Awareness
 * Joint Committee on Education
 * Joint Committee on Government Accountability
 * Joint Committee on the Justice System
 * Joint Committee on Legislative Research (three subcommittees)
 * Joint Committee on the Life Sciences
 * Joint Committee on Public Assistance
 * Joint Committee on Public Employee Retirement
 * Joint Committee on Tax Policy
 * Joint Committee on Transportation Oversight

Term limits
In 1992 Missouri voters approved a constitutional amendment placing term limits on the Missouri House of Representatives. A Representative can serve no more than four two-year terms in the house. The first time term limits prevented someone from running again was in 2002.

Political party strength
Since 2003, the Republican Party has held this chamber of the Missouri General Assembly.

title: Missouri House of Representatives


text:
Christer Fuglesang

Arne Christer Fuglesang (born 18 March 1957) is a Swedish physicist and an ESA astronaut. He was first launched aboard the STS-116 Space Shuttle mission on 10 December 2006, making him the first Swedish citizen in space.

Married with three children, he was a Fellow at CERN and taught mathematics at the Royal Institute of Technology before being selected to join the European Astronaut Corps in 1992. He has participated in two Space Shuttle missions and five spacewalks, and is the first person outside of the United States or Russian space programs to participate in more than three spacewalks.

Early life and education
Fuglesang was born in Stockholm to a Swedish mother and a Norwegian father, who became a Swedish citizen shortly before Fuglesang's birth. Fuglesang graduated from the Bromma Gymnasium, Stockholm in 1975, earned a master's degree in engineering physics from the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), in Stockholm in 1981, and received a doctorate in experimental particle physics from Stockholm University in 1987. He became an associate professor (docent) of particle physics at Stockholm University in 1991.

He married Elisabeth (Lisa) Fuglesang (née Walldie) in 1983, whom he met at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). They have three children.

Fuglesang is a prominent member of the Swedish skeptics association Vetenskap och Folkbildning and identifies strongly with skeptics and atheists.

In 2012, Fuglesang received the Royal Institute of Technology 2012 Alumni of the Year award.

Career
As a graduate student, Fuglesang worked at CERN in Geneva on the UA5 experiment, which studied proton–antiproton collisions. In 1988 he became a Fellow of CERN, where he worked on the CPLEAR experiment studying the subtle CP-violation of kaon particles. After a year he became a Senior Fellow and head of the particle identification subdetector. In November 1990, Fuglesang obtained a position at the Manne Siegbahn Institute of Physics, Stockholm, but remained stationed at CERN for another year working towards the new Large Hadron Collider project. Since 1990, when stationed in Sweden, Fuglesang taught mathematics at the Royal Institute of Technology.

In May 1992, Fuglesang was selected to join the European Astronaut Corps of the European Space Agency (ESA) based at the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) in Cologne, Germany. In 1992 he attended an introductory training programme at EAC and a four-week training program at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (TsPK) in Star City, Russia, with a view to future ESA–Russian collaboration on the Mir Space Station. In July 1993, he completed the basic astronaut training course at EAC.

In May 1993, Fuglesang and fellow ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter were selected for the Euromir 95 mission and commenced training at TsPK (Moscow) in preparation for their onboard engineer tasks, extra-vehicular activities (spacewalks) and operation of the Soyuz spacecraft. The Euromir 95 experiment training was organized and mainly carried out at EAC.

On 17 March 1995 he was selected as a member of Crew 2, the backup crew for the Euromir 95 mission, joining Gennadi Manakov and Pavel Vinogradov. During the mission, which lasted 179 days, Fuglesang was the prime crew interface coordinator. From the Russian Mission Control Center (TsUP) in Korolyov, he was the main contact with ESA Astronaut, Thomas Reiter, on Mir, and acted as coordinator between Mir and the Euromir 95 Payloads Operations Control Center, located in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, and project management. Between March and June 1996, he underwent specialized training in TsPK on Soyuz operations for de-docking, atmospheric re-entry and landing.

In 1996, ESA selected Fuglesang to train as a mission specialist for NASA Space Shuttle missions. He joined the Mission Specialist Class at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, in August 1996, and qualified for flight assignment as a mission specialist in April 1998.

From May to October 1998, he resumed training at TsPK on Soyuz-TM spacecraft operations for de-docking, atmospheric re-entry and landing. He was awarded the Russian Soyuz Return Commander certificate, which qualifies him to command a three-person Soyuz capsule on its return from space.

In October 1998, he returned to NASA and was assigned technical duties in the Station Operations System Branch of the NASA Astronaut Office, working on Russian Soyuz and Progress transfer vehicles. Later he worked as prime Increment Crew Support Astronaut for the second International Space Station expedition crew. Fuglesang also continued with some scientific work and was involved with the SilEye experiment which investigated light flashes in astronauts' eyes on Mir between 1995 and 1999. This work is continuing on the International Space Station (ISS) with the Alteino and ALTEA apparatuses. He has also initiated the DESIRE project to simulate and estimate the radiation environment inside ISS.

STS-116
Fuglesang's first spaceflight mission was as a mission specialist on STS-116 in 2006, an assembly and crew-rotation mission to the International Space Station. This flight was called the Celsius Mission by ESA in recognition of Anders Celsius, the Swedish 18th-century astronomer who invented the Celsius temperature scale.

Spacewalks during STS-116 Mission

 * First spacewalk with the primary task of Installation of the P5 truss segment performed together with Astronaut Robert Curbeam as EV1, 12 December.
 * EV2 during second spacewalk which included first part of rewiring the power system of the ISS specifically channel 2 and 3. Also performed together with Astronaut Robert Curbeam as EV1, 14 December.
 * An extra spacewalk (EVA4) attempting, successfully, to fix a problem when retracting a solar panel. Also performed together with Astronaut Robert Curbeam as EV1, 18 December. EVA duration: 6h 38min.

Total EVA time during STS-116: 18 hours and 15 minutes.

'Maximum Time Aloft'
Fuglesang, once a Swedish national Frisbee champion, held the national title in "maximum time aloft" in 1978, and subsequently competed in the 1981 World Frisbee Championship. Fuglesang took one of his personal frisbees to the International Space Station. On Dec 15 in 2006, he set a new "world record" for Time Aloft by free-floating a spinning frisbee for 20 seconds in the microgravity environment of the ISS. It was done during a live broadcast interview with a space exhibition in Stockholm Sweden. The record attempt was recognised by the sports governing body, the World Flying Disc Federation, and the record was accepted. But since it was set "outside the earth's atmosphere" it was recorded as 'Galactic Record'.

STS-128
On 15 July 2008 Fuglesang was selected as a mission specialist of the STS-128, launched on 28–29 August 2009. STS-128 (ISS assembly mission "17A") delivered equipment allowing the ISS crew to be expanded from three to six astronauts.

During STS-128 Fuglesang also became the first spacewalker outside Russia and United States to do more than three spacewalks. With the completion of two more EVAs, he has performed five spacewalks.

EVA
Total EVA time from five spacewalks adds up to 31 hours 54 minutes giving Fuglesang a 29th place in history as of 14 September 2009.

Award and honors

 * Honorary Doctorate from Umeå University, Sweden, 1999
 * Honorary Doctorate from the University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia, 2007
 * NASA Space Flight Medal, 2007
 * H. M. The King's Medal (Stockholm, 2007).
 * NASA Exceptional Service Medal, 2010

title: Christer Fuglesang


text:
Do Somethin'

"Do Somethin'" is a song by American singer Britney Spears from her first greatest hits album, Greatest Hits: My Prerogative (2004). It was written and produced by Christian Karlsson and Pontus Winnberg (known collectively as Bloodshy & Avant), with additional writing by Henrik Jonback and Angela Hunte. The song was never intended to be released as a single; Spears, however, wanted to shoot a music video for it, and had to convince her record company. It was then released on February 14, 2005, by Jive Records as the second single from the album outside North America. The dance-rock song features usage of electric guitars, and its lyrics allude to having a good time and not caring about other people's judgement.

"Do Somethin'" received generally favorable reviews from critics, and received comparisons to Gwen Stefani's 2004 single "What You Waiting For?". Although the single was not released in the United States, it charted on many of Billboard's component charts due to digital downloads, managing to reach number 100 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was also successful worldwide, reaching the top ten positions in 14 countries, including Australia, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. By the end of 2005, "Do Somethin'" was one of the best-selling singles in Australia and Belgium that year.

Spears pushed Jive Records to allow her to shoot an accompanying music video for the song. The music video was co-directed by Billie Woodruff and Spears (who makes her directorial debut), and is credited as her alter ego "Mona Lisa". It portrays the singer and four female friends dancing and performing in a nightclub. Spears styled the video and came up with the choreography. The usage of a Louis Vuitton dashboard in the video resulted in a lawsuit against Jive Records in late 2007, which ended with Louis Vuitton winning €80,000 in damages. The video was also banned in all European TV channels. Spears performed "Do Somethin'" during the M+M's Tour in 2007, the Circus Starring Britney Spears in 2009 and Britney: Piece of Me in 2013–17.

Background
On August 13, 2004, Spears announced through Jive Records the release of her first greatest hits compilation titled Greatest Hits: My Prerogative, due November 16, 2004. The title was chosen after the album's lead single, Spears's cover version of Bobby Brown's 1988 single "My Prerogative". The cover was produced by Swedish production team Bloodshy & Avant, who produced her single "Toxic" from her fourth studio album, In the Zone (2003). A DVD of the same name was also released the same day, containing Spears's music videos. The track list was officially revealed on September 13, 2004. Greatest Hits: My Prerogative included three new tracks: "My Prerogative", "I've Just Begun (Having My Fun)" and "Do Somethin'", all of them produced by Bloodshy & Avant. The producers recorded and arranged the main instrumentation of "Do Somethin'" at Murlyn Studios, in Stockholm, Sweden. Spears recorded her vocals at Battery Studios in New York City during the Onyx Hotel Tour in 2004. Background vocals were provided by Spears, Angela Hunte, BlackCell and Emma Holmgren. The song was never planned to be released as a single. However, Spears wanted to shoot a music video for the song and had to fight with her record label to do it. She explained she was "a little disappointed" that she had to convince them "that making this video was the right thing to do at th[e] time". "Do Somethin'" was released as the second single from Greatest Hits: My Prerogative on February 14, 2005.

Composition
"Do Somethin'" is a dance-rock song with usage of electric guitars and a "bump beat", as described by Spence D. of IGN. He also noted the song is "filled with faux string bursts and mock-'70s synth gurgle (think Zapp/Gap Band era) and plenty of treated guitar and bass". According to the sheetmusic published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, it is set at a moderately fast tempo with 130 beats per minute. The song is written in the key of E minor, and Spears' vocal range spans from the low note of E3 to the high note of C6. Lyrically, "Do Somethin'" refers to having fun while being watched by other people, which is perceived in lines such as "Somebody pass my guitar/So I can look like a star." Tim Lee of musicOMH compared the song's style to Gwen Stefani's "What You Waiting For?" (2004).

Critical response
"Do Somethin'" received positive reviews from contemporary critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic said that along with "I've Just Begun (Having My Fun)", they are "two very good previously unreleased tunes". Annabel Leathes of BBC Online commented, "two robust, unreleased tracks [that] suggest, however, that she may still be churning out a few more No.1s before taking time out to sing lullabies to her brood", while Christy Lemire of the Associated Press noted that both songs "provide Britney with further opportunities to proclaim her need to have fun and be herself, which have been running themes throughout her last two albums". Ann Powers of Blender called "Do Somethin'" "a decent bit of crunk where she raps in a cutesy-poo drawl that suggests she could have nabbed the Dukes of Hazzard sexpot role from Jessica Simpson". Spence D. of IGN considered the song "interesting for its many interpretations, no less".

Nicholas Hautman, from Us Weekly, said that "nobody does attitude like Britney, and this badass electronic jam is a prime example". Nayer Nissim, from Pink News, called it "a solid enough slab of dance pop, though it lacks that little bit of something special that distinguishes her very best singles". The staff from Entertainment Weekly placed it at number 33 on their ranking of Spears's songs; "when fans talk about whether or not Britney sounds like she’s having any fun on her albums, 'Do Somethin'' should be the standard by which they measure". Shannon Barbour from Cosmopolitan called it Spears' sixth best song. Digital Spy's Alim Kheraj pointed out that "[Do Somethin']' is significant [because it] stems from the sonic direction it hints towards. Fizzing synths and harder drums pushed Britney into slightly left-field territory, something she'd continue to nurture on her next two albums

Chart performance
Although "Do Somethin'" was never physically released in the United States, the song peaked at number 100 on the Billboard Hot 100 due to digital downloads on April 16, 2005. The song also charted on Billboard's Pop 100 and Hot Digital Songs at number 63 and 49, respectively. As of August 2010, "Do Somethin'" has sold 363,000 paid digital downloads in the United States. In Australia, the song debuted at number eight on the week of March 7, 2005. It has since been certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) with sales of over 35,000 copies. On the same week, it debuted in the UK Singles Chart at number six. "Do Somethin'" was also successful in Europe, inside the Top 10 in Belgium (Flanders), Hungary, Sweden, Denmark and Ireland, and inside the top 20 in Belgium (Wallonia), Czech Republic, Germany, Norway, Switzerland and the Netherlands.

Development and release
The music video for "Do Somethin'" was filmed in December 2004 in Los Angeles, California. It was co-directed by Spears and Billie Woodruff, who previously worked with her in "Born to Make You Happy" and in "Overprotected". Spears described the shoot as "hectic", adding it was filmed "in a record-breaking five hours". She also commented about co-directing with Woodruff, saying that "he had no ego whatsoever, and the whole process was just so much fun". Spears is credited as "Mona Lisa" in the video, as she said "I kinda think she's like my alter ego whenever I feel like being mean or possibly like bustin' people around to get stuff right ... It's kinda easier to be called 'Mona Lisa' instead of Britney". The video was also choreographed and styled entirely by Spears, with clothing from Juicy Couture. Spears ultimately added that working behind the camera inspired her to become a director in the future, explaining, "After doing about 20 videos, it gets kind of boring playing the same role. I feel like being behind the camera is sometimes more satisfying than being in front of it".

Synopsis and reception
In the music video, Spears wears a pink midriff T-shirt reading "Love Boat" and a pin capelet going to a club named Hole in the Wall with four blond bandmates. During the first verse, they fly in a pink Hummer and move their heads to the beat on the song, while Spears puts the truck on autopilot. The Hummer's dashboard has a Louis Vuitton pattern. They finally arrive to the club and dance in the dancefloor while being stared at by other people. Near the end of the video, Spears and her bandmates start performing on a stage. The video also includes intercut scenes of Spears in a separate room, wearing black underwear and a white mini fur coat, that was compared to the black-and-white scenes in the music video for "My Prerogative".

Jennifer Vineyard of MTV described Spears's attitude in the video as "[going] back and forth between trying to look sexy and then goofy". Since the music video was not going to be serviced in the United States, it was set to premiere in MTV UK on January 21, 2005. However, it was leaked online on January 18, 2005.

On November 18, 2007, it was reported by Forbes that LVMH's Louis Vuitton won a lawsuit on 80,000 EUR (approximately $94,000 in USD) in damages for the close-up shots of the truck's dashboard, which featured the brand's logo without authorization. The tribunal found the director of the video had clearly emphasized the logo. The tribunal ruled that responsibility for the unauthorized use lay with Sony BMG, its subsidiary Zomba Group of Companies as well as MTV Online, and not Spears herself. The music video was also banned in all European TV channels. The edited video was re-released through Vevo on July 19, 2015.

Live performances
Spears performed "Do Somethin'" during the M+M's Tour in May 2007. After a performance of "Breathe on Me" from In the Zone, in which Spears and her four female dancers picked a man from the audience and danced seductively around him, the stage went dark for a few seconds. Shortly after, Spears took the stage again wearing a hot pink bra, a white fur coat and a jean skirt to perform the song. The choreography was a mimicry of the music video. The song was also performed at her 2009 tour, the Circus Starring Britney Spears. It was the second song of the fourth and last act, titled "Electro Circ". In some parts of the performance, Spears and her dancers carried giant guns that shot sparks. During the first shows of the first North American leg, she wore a gold metal bodysuit. However, on March 8, 2009, at the Tampa show, Spears suffered a wardrobe malfunction after her performance of "I'm a Slave 4 U", which caused the outfit being changed to a sparkly black bodysuit. The song was later performed in Spears' Las Vegas residency Britney: Piece of Me from 2013 to 2017. She was seen wearing a bodysuit and doing a routine with black chairs.

Track listings

 * CD single
 * 1) "Do Somethin'" (album version) – 3:23
 * 2) "Do Somethin'" (DJ Monk's remix) [radio edit] – 4:13

 * CD maxi single
 * 1) "Do Somethin'" (album version) – 3:26
 * 2) "Do Somethin'" (DJ Monk Remix) [radio edit] – 4:17
 * 3) "Do Somethin'" (thick vocal mix) – 8:03
 * 4) "Everytime" (Valentin remix) – 3:25

 * UK enhanced CD single
 * 1) "Do Somethin'" (album version) – 3:27
 * 2) "Do Somethin'" (video) – 3:22
 * 3) "Chris Cox Megamix" (7 smash hit videos mixed together) 3:47

 * Digital download (digital 45)
 * 1) "Do Somethin'" – 3:24
 * 2) "Do Somethin'" (thick vocal mix) – 7:57

Credits and personnel

 * Britney Spears – lead vocals and background vocals
 * Bloodshy & Avant – songwriting, production, arrangements, all instruments, programming
 * Angela Hunte – songwriting
 * Steve Lunt – A&R, arrangements
 * Niklas Flyckt – mixing

 * Charles McCrorey – engineering
 * Jonas Östman – engineering
 * Henrik Jonback – guitar
 * BlackCell – background vocals
 * Emma Holmgren – background vocals

title: Do Somethin'


text:
The Curse of Chalion

The Curse of Chalion is a 2001 fantasy novel by American writer Lois McMaster Bujold. In 2002 it won the Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature and was nominated for the Hugo, World Fantasy, and Locus Fantasy Awards in 2002. The series that it began, World of the Five Gods, won the Hugo Award for Best Series in 2018.

Both The Curse of Chalion and its sequel Paladin of Souls (2003) are set in the fictional landlocked medieval kingdom of Chalion. The prequel The Hallowed Hunt (2005) takes place in the Weald to the south of Chalion and two to three hundred years earlier.

Plot summary
Cazaril is a noble in the land of Chalion, but was betrayed and sold into slavery to the barbaric Roknari. The people of Chalion and neighboring lands worship five gods (Father, Mother, Son, Daughter, and Bastard), while the Roknari deny the Bastard's divinity; each faith group considers the other to be infidels. After nearly two years as a galley slave, he returns to a regional court where he once resided and is hired as tutor to Iselle (second in line for the throne of Chalion after her brother Teidez) and her handmaid Betriz, to whom he is attracted. Iselle and Teidez's mother Ista also lives with them, but is considered mad.

Teidez and Iselle accept an invitation to stay at the capital, accompanied by Betriz, Cazaril, and other domestics. There Cazaril encounters his betrayer, Dondo, whose brother Martou is chancellor to the ailing monarch Orico. Orico spends much time in his menagerie, run by the Roknari exile Umegat. The corrupt Dondo befriends Teidez to further his own ambitions, introducing the boy to various vices. He also connives to arrange a marriage between himself and a horrified Iselle. In desperation, Cazaril calls on the Bastard for a miracle of death magic, which would kill both himself and Dondo. Dondo dies, but Cazaril does not, finding himself now a saint—an agent of the gods, gifted with second sight. With the help of Umegat, another saint, he learns that the royal family of Chalion is under a generation-old curse, and that Orico is only sustained through the cleansing magic of the sacred animals in the menagerie. He also learns that Dondo's soul and the Bastard's death demon are both trapped inside a tumor in his body, with the demon trying to bring about his death so it can return to the gods with the required two souls.

Deceived by Dondo, Teidez destroys the menagerie and injures Umegat, but a wound he sustains in the process becomes infected and proves fatal. Orico collapses, leaving Iselle soon to ascend the throne, but the real power at court is wielded by Martou, who spreads rumors that she is unstable like her mother. Cazaril informs Iselle of the curse, and theorizes that since Ista married into the curse, Iselle might be able to marry out of it. She dispatches him in secret to arrange her marriage to the heir of Ibra, a neighbouring country. He speaks to Ista on the way, who tells him of a prophecy that the curse can be broken by a man "willing to lay down his life three times for the House of Chalion."

In Ibra, he finds that he and the heir, Bergon, have already met. They were galley slaves together, and he voluntarily took a severe beating meant for the boy. Informing Bergon of the curse, they convince Bergon's father to agree to the marriage. They return to Chalion, fighting through an ambush set by Martou. Iselle flees Martou's custody, and she and Bergon are married. To Cazaril's horror, he discovers that, instead of releasing Iselle, the curse has descended on Bergon as well.

Martou and his men try to kill Bergon and recapture Iselle. Cazaril fights them off, enabling the couple to escape, but is captured. Martou stabs him with his sword, hitting Cazaril's tumor and releasing the demon, which disincorporates the souls of Cazaril, Dondo, and Martou. Cazaril has a mystical experience where the Daughter reveals that his three willing deaths (taking the fatal beating for Bergon, invoking death magic for Iselle, and being stabbed by Martou) have made him a suitable vessel through which she can reach into the physical world and lift the curse. She then returns him to his body as the demon leaves with the souls of Dondo and Martou.

Iselle is crowned as ruler of Chalion, with Bergon as her consort and their children to inherit both lands. Cazaril is made chancellor, and he and Betriz are happily married.

Allusions to actual history and geography
The Curse of Chalion and other books in the World of the Five Gods series are set in a world loosely based on southern Europe during the time of the Reconquista, or Spanish Reconquest. The states of Chalion, Ibra, and Brajar are fictional counterparts of Castile and León, Aragon, and Portugal, respectively. In Bujold's world, these states are in conflict with invaders from the north, the Roknari, who correspond to the Moors of North Africa and al-Andalus.

Characters in The Curse of Chalion also have historical equivalents. Iselle of Chalion is based on Isabella I of Castile, Bergon of Ibra is based on Ferdinand II of Aragon, and their secret marriage reflects the secret betrothal of Isabella and Ferdinand. The character Teidez corresponds to Alfonso Prince of Asturias.

Reception
The book has received a number of reviews. It was nominated for the 2002 Hugo Award for Best Novel. The World of the Five Gods series won the Hugo Award for Best Series in 2018.

title: The Curse of Chalion


text:
La Victoria

La Victoria may refer to:

Chile

 * La Victoria, Santiago

Colombia

 * La Victoria, Amazonas, a town and municipality
 * La Victoria, Boyacá, a town and municipality
 * La Victoria, Valle del Cauca, a town and municipality

Dominican Republic

 * La Victoria, Dominican Republic

Mexico

 * La Victoria, Veracruz in Catemaco Municipality

Paraguay

 * La Victoria District, Paraguay

Peru

 * La Victoria District, Chiclayo
 * La Victoria District, Lima

Spain

 * La Victoria, Córdoba, Spain
 * La Victoria de Acentejo, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, in the Canary Islands

United States

 * La Victoria, Texas

Venezuela

 * La Victoria, Apure
 * La Victoria, Aragua, a municipal seat in Aragua State

Other uses

 * Battle of La Victoria (1812), in La Victoria, Aragua, Venezuela
 * Battle of La Victoria (1814), in La Victoria, Aragua, Venezuela
 * Church of La Victoria, Alcalá de los Gazules, Andalusia, Spain
 * La Victoria (company), a Mexican food company
 * La Victoria FC, former name of Belizean football club Nizhee Corozal

title: La Victoria


text:
User talk:EDM

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -  BanyanTree 03:44, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Picture tutorial
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

NESARA
I'd love to see what you can do. I think the bill could use a better summary, and the "case for" and "against" could use some truncating. Thanks for your thoughts, I too have enjoyed the conversation; and I look forward to seeing what you can contribue to a sound resolution on the article. Inigmatus July 6, 2005 04:59 (UTC)
 * I like it. Go ahead and edit it with your proposed changes, as consensus has been reached. We should move for speedy keep once done, so the admins can remove the VfD notice. Inigmatus July 6, 2005 14:51 (UTC)

Protege Battle on Ruth Montgomery
You win :). Fernando Rizo 8 July 2005 17:21 (UTC)

School colors
Poly's school colors are ORANGE AND WHITE!!!!!!!!!! where on earth do you get this information. i live next to the school and have spoken with students & faculty. they say its ORANGE AND WHITE!!! Kiwidude July 8, 2005 20:50 (UTC)
 * Dear me. -EDM

Misguided
Thank you for your comments. I know that there is nothing that I can say or do to change your mind about astrology, so I won't even try. I would like to point out that although you do not find any value in astrology, the police and the military all use the paranormal to do their work. The USAF had a remote viewing project going on for about 20 years (I read about it in a recent Kindred Spirit magazine) and they selected people who were totally uninterested in the paranormal to do it because they wanted to make sure the people doing it were totally objective. I read in another magazine that the US government used psychics to locate Saddam Hussein, although they will never publicly admit to it. I have also personally met psychics who have been asked by the police to help them solve crimes, so these individuals are in great demand. Even though I have stated my case, I still know that you will nevertheless be closed minded about the whole thing and that is okay because it is your choice to believe whatever it is that you would like to believe. I will say, however, that I would much rather be a lone misguided astrologer who submits articles to various magazine and publications than some of the people who have submitted articles and postings about all manner of subjects, such as of all things, child loves. I have read one page of a person who was a pedofile and proud of it, so I am not too concerned if people think I am a bit misguided. I would also like to point out that I hold down a professional job and am studying for my accountancy exams, and I do not do astrology or any of my other paranormal interests in a professional capacity. I would rather make my money working in an office and will only earn a living doing paranormal if something happens and I am unable to get into the office every day. Regards,--TracyRenee 9 July 2005 09:38 (UTC)

Some kind wishes
And may I suggest that you change your demeaning and rude tone. No one cares for it. Kiwidude 16:54, July 10, 2005 (UTC)

Elmer Davis
Great info on Elmer Davis. I had no idea that he was involved with the formation of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team --Dysepsion 07:00, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

Templates
I admit that it was a rushed action to remove it so you're free to put it back if you want, but besides the linguistic errors on the supposedly native-level template, I also found its content to be somehow irrational: "Ancient Greek is dead, there are no native speakers" - obviously not, unless a person is over 2400 years old... On the other hand what happens if someone is familiar only with Doric Greek? The template is referring to Attic only, and there's no standard dialect of ancient Greek. I don't have any suggestions at the moment, but I feel that the Greek template in general can cover everything. Any speaker of Modern Greek will have low to intermediate level on any ancient stage of Greek, and vice versa (someone who has knowledge of Classic texts won't have much difficulty in understanding Medieval and Modern ones). If we wish to distinguish the periods of Greek as different languages, then things will get more complicated and will have to create separate templates for Koine, Medieval and Modern Greek. Just my opinion. Miskin 19:07, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

explanation of edit at LA meetup page
hi. was sorry to see you thought my point at Meetup/LA/2 "frankly made no sense". i hope it was merely the brevity of the edit summary (the only place i explained it) that inspired the comment. my point, un-earthshaking as it may be, is a real and valid one. people often use the form, for example, "i asked her not to do it" to mean "i made a requst of her — that she not do it." however, the form is ambigious at best, and could be taken logically (if not traditionally) as "i didn't ask her to do it," based on the beginning, which is "i asked her not" or, put another way, "i did not ask her." apparently because of traditional spookiness re the supposed evil of split infinitives, people are hesitant to use the accurate, simple version: "i asked her to not do it." same amount of words as the first example, but the ambiguity is removed. a similarly accurate though stuffier construction avoids the split infinitive with the same words: "i asked her to do it not." it's similar to the difference in meaning between "do you believe there's not a god?" and "do you not believe there's a god?" most people don't see a difference, but it's huge.

despite my joke in the edit summary on that page, i don't go around looking for this subject. seriously. SaltyPig 05:31, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Your point may have been "real and valid" 400 years ago but in current English usage the phrase I asked her not does not mean I did not ask her. There is no ambiguity today in the phrase I asked her not to do it.  That phrase has only one meaning, and though the placement of the not in the phrase may once have been due to squeamishness over splitting infinitives, today it is standard and it is fully semantically equivalent to the rendition I asked her to not do it.  That is why I commented that your edit summary made no sense.  I suggest you take your crusade to Elizabethan Wikipedia. -EDM 05:44, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * the crusade part, as i've explained, was a joke (i've been at wikipedia for years, and not made such an edit before). given that the accurate version (the one not relying on traditional misuse) uses the same words, i think you're overreacting. funny how you made an accurate version anyway there, despite me being full of it. well, it was good talking to you. keep up those great, spineful edit summaries! SaltyPig 06:22, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Anon edits
Thanks for that warning. I have reviewed them all and reverted some of them. Adam 00:36, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!
Thanks for fixing those links on the Reuben Restaurant article, I'm not sure what I did there! Must have dozed off for a moment or something...Rx StrangeLove 18:39, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

A knock on my back door, from Brasil
''[Leaving this section up for the duration of the RfC on Wiki brah. After that has been resolved, ideally by the ejection of that user, I'll take this down. -EDM]''

[Deleted 17 October 2005]

Articles for deletion/The Nazi Connection to Islamic Terrorism
Hi, I'm just examining this debate with a view to closing. I notice that, with the best of intentions, you moved some comments off the debate page on the grounds that they were "non-votes". Please do not do that. This is NOT a vote, it's a debate, and the votes are just indications of personal opinion. In order to engage properly in the debate all editors in it should be able to see all other comments easily, so we don't like it when radical edits of this kind are made.

Thanks for attempting to improve things, but this isn't the way we do it here. --Tony Sidaway Talk 21:44, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Commentary on Magus
Answer on the question about Zoroastrianism: it says in the article that "Christians believe Daniel set up a secret sect of Magi, to fulfill the event when it happened"; I was including this into my own similar conclusion. My sources are the Bible; specifically, the books of Daniel and Esther. You know, you can't keep the Bible and Judeo-Christianity separate from the rest of civilization and literature; secular literature cannot possibly explain the world, apart from the truths contained in the Bible. All secular attempts will fail. I don't believe that Biblical discussions and contributions should only be included on Biblical pages in wikipedia. Why should they be so limited? There is no sound reason. The Bible is the foundation of all knowledge; especially Western. 129.24.95.222 22:51, 9 October 2005 (UTC) (OCT.)

Pirate
Greetings EDM. I've looked over the pirate article a little and I think the if the silly part was reduced a little and the remaining could be put in logical order. The first paragraph could use some more historic info, I may have some here. KAM 00:08, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Nice job on the DOM article
I wanted to thank you for your rewrite of the DOM article. As I noted on the talk page, the article wasn't written by me, but was part of an ongoing revert war. I'm hopeful that your rewrite stays. Gene Poole added some additional things like the emblem in a template box, which along with your rewrite, really makes the article so much better.

I'd encourage you to hang around and see what happens. We are looking at merging the material from David Even Pedley into this article and deleting the forementioned article. Maybe we could talk you into consolidating the material so it would fit into your rewrite. Your NPOV writing is very good and it would help lessen the arguing I think. Davidpdx 07:28, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello EDM, If you have any further interest in the DOM article, I've posted a message over there about better balance, facts and fairness below your talking points. It may take up too much of your time, but if you will take the time, you may be the solution to ending the revision war, which I've been on the other end of with Davidpdx. It seems that everyone so far has respect for your initial effort. Cordially, Johnski 11:44, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't mind taking a crack at it if the primary disputants on both sides want me to. I do have a day job so it wouldn't be immediate. I don't pretend to have expert knowledge about DoM, though I did know about it independent of Wikipedia. I have a few opinions about it which I believe I can manage to keep out of any rewrite. I've read Johnski's list of suggested changes posted today on the article talk page and my first reaction, without thinking too deeply about it, is that if I were to do another rewrite I would incorporate some but certainly not all of those thoughts.
 * I did the rewrite yesterday mainly for fun because I stumbled over this article while looking for something else, and I thought it needed work. I don't want to invest a lot of additional time on it if there isn't the desire for it from both camps. -EDM 17:07, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello EDM, that's great that you are willing to help. I think that if you can take into consideration my attempts to make this a better balanced article, it will be accepted. The main reason for not accepting anything from me is that I got off on the wrong foot with the other side, but I'm not alone as there are others that have sided me, and even your revision included some of the things I found too much opinion, removed.
 * I'm surprised Davidpdx didn't claim you were one of my sock-puppets, but due to your diverse history in editing, they perhaps realized that would be a wasted effort. I've posted more stuff responding to Davidpdx on the DOM talk page and rewrote the article using the last version up at the time.  By the time you see this it will probably be reverted again, so please look at the history and see if you find any merit to it. Sincerely, Johnski 05:23, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

 * EDM, I would welcome your input anytime. The rewrite was really good. I tend to agree with your comment on the DOM talk page. It might be best to wait until the outcome of the arbitration case is decided. I think the biggest hurdle that article has is the constant reverting of it which makes it very inconsistant. My hope is arbitration will end that and which will allow for improvements. If you have any questions, feel free to leave them on my talk page. Davidpdx 06:17, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

WP quote in DOM article
EDM, I was looking at the Washington Post quote in the DOM article. It does seem like the quote is a little sloppy. I'm not sure who put it in there, but I wanted to get your take on what we could do. What do you think about just putting the words, "you get the feeling" back into the quote, or even just removing the quote completely. Please let me know what you think ASAP. Davidpdx 00:50, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

 * My approach would be not to mention the Washington Post article at all in this section, as it is both a secondary source at best and for this purpose an opinionated one. I would therefore delete the entire first paragraph, and most of the second, in the "Recognition" section and instead say something like DoM asserts that it has bilateral diplomatic recognition with ..., listing the Central African Republic and the two or three other African countries mentioned on its website, with links to the two-page CAR document that I recall seeing somewhere here and to the "treaties of peace and recognition" that are reproduced here. Readers of the article can look at those treaties and form their own conclusion as to whether they establish diplomatic recognition. -EDM 01:44, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
 * It may or may not also bear mentioning that President Kolingba, who signed the letter on behalf of the Central African Republic (or on whose behalf it was signed) was voted out of office shortly thereafter and the new government later relieved him of his military rank and charged several of his ministers with "various crimes." See Wikipedia's description of the sequence of events. If I were writing the article, I probably wouldn't include that, since similar things happen all the time elsewhere and that doesn't necessarily affect the validity of diplomatic recognitions conferred by the discredited regime. (I'm thinking particularly of Nixon and China.) -EDM 02:05, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

 * It is interesting in terms of the change of leadership and a new constitution being put together. I wonder if CAR's recognition of DOM is still in force or if it is now just merely a document in terms of something that was done under the former regime. It would be interesting to contact CAR and see if they'd respond to the question whether the government still upholds DOM's recognition. Your discovery of information is quite fascinating.

 * If you don't mind, I'm going to erase the note you left on my talk page. Right now we don't need to stir the pot in terms of getting Johnski mad. Davidpdx 14:57, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

 * EDM, perhaps you could email me the note that Davidpdx thinks will get me mad. I doubt anything we are doing here could get me "mad", or you can post it here if you like. I hope that my comments to you haven't caused you to write things that would tend to make me mad. We can agree to disagree, and it isn't necessary that we see eye to eye. I believe you have a lot to offer Wikipedia including the subject article under discussion. Sincerely, Johnski 08:19, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

 * The history tab is a wonderful thing. -EDM 14:42, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

 * The note that I was referring to, was simply a message he left on my talk page referring to the comments you've already found. If you want to go trolling for evidence against me, do it yourself. EDM is not part of the arbitration case. Davidpdx 04:17, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

Another crank weighs in
EDM, regarding the comments you made on the one editors talk page, I changed you comment slightly. You had stated that the person should put comments either on the talk page or on the arbitration page. At this point, only those named in arbitration should comment on it. That is of course they want to be a party to the whole mess, which I honestly wouldn't wish on anyone at this point. I hope you understand the reasoning behind it. Thanks.. Davidpdx 04:10, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

People die, but not pass away
EDM, you changed my edits in the Richard Nixon page from "passed away" to "died" with the explanation that in Encyclopedias people do not "pass away", but "die". Perhaps you can enlighten me on the difference. I was always under the impression that the two are equivalent, but "pass away" is a more polite phrasing. --Asbl 22:33, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a pseudo-genteel euphemism that is fine if you are talking to your grandmother but it has no place in a reference work. -EDM 22:43, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I think genteel is good. Why do you think that genteel should be limited to grandma, and "has no place in a reference work"? --Asbl 02:14, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * A reference work deals in facts, not euphemisms or appeals to emotion. "Pass away" is POV. -EDM 04:02, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

I would not call "pass away" a "point of view". My first reaction was also to say that it is not a euphemism, but I looked up the definition
 * The act or an example of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive

and I guess you could say that it is a substitution of a mild term for a harsh term, so it is the lowest form of euphemism. I typically think of euphemisms on the other end of the spectrum, such as "mentally challenged" for "retarded". I think the use of euphemisms at the low end is acceptable for encyclopedic uses. --Asbl 06:33, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * And I disagree, so I think this discussion can usefully end. -EDM 06:38, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * "I disagree" is not a respectable way to end a discussion. If no further examples or evidence is given, I may decide to change back to the milder form of "passed away" (just to avoid any confusion, I am NOT a fan of that crook). --Asbl 07:00, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Chris
Hi. Please don't wish death upon Chris, 'tis too extreme a sentiment for vandalism. Humorlessly yours, El_C 06:50, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, lighten up. -EDM 14:49, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Buffalo, NY
I'll give it a look, but I recommend contacting an admin and ask for intervention. From what I've seen it seems to be a clear case of cruft, but that's just my opinion. –Abe Dashiell (t/c) 18:57, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Crap
You're right was in North Carolina by some dude named Kenneth Lee Boyd. I assumed the IP was blanking sources, so I'll apologize to him. Thanks. .... ε  γκυκλοπαίδεια  *  (talk)  02:16, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Tookie Williams, again
I appreciate your work to make this more readable. I'm not sure I agree with your deletion of the appeals info. I digested it from over 100 pages. If wikpedia is an encyclopedia, shouldn't we have athoritative information, not the urban myths that pass for news in the media? --Beth Wellington 17:41, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
 * We should certainly have authoritative information rather than media error, no argument from me on that point. But I think that raw quotation from a court opinion isn't suitable for the article, since the significance may not be obvious to the casual reader. The outcome of a particular court proceeding should be summarized (e.g., Williams was convicted, his habeas petition was denied, etc.), and how that outcome fits into the overall course of his defense and challenges to conviction should be explained; but the dates of argument, names of amici, unexplained references to Batson challenges, etc. are just clutter.
 * The portion I removed had two lengthy raw quotes. The first one I already distilled in an edit yesterday morning, and I placed the actual text on the Talk page for reference. The second was a quote from the dissent to the denial of rehearing en banc; it's not the holding of any pertinent opinion and doesn't explain the course of Williams' appeal process. At most, the article could say something like "The Ninth Circuit denied Williams' petition for a rehearing, over a dissent from some members who believed Williams had presented a colorable claim of racially discriminatory jury selection" (not calling it Batson error, a term the typical reader won't understand). -EDM 18:38, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

I agree that I needed to take out technical terms. I think that your distillation was so brief so as not to give the flavor. I think your synopsis is fine but "colorable" is as bad as "Batson error." I responded to your comment on myuser page on that page. Aargh. Enough for now. Got to cook something for a potluck for a bookgroup discussing Penelope Lively's, The Photograph.

Stanley Williams book sales
Thanks for helping to clean up my sentence about this on the Stanley Williams article. I think "Reportedly, Williams' books have not enjoyed strong sales" is much clearer wording.

I emailed the author of that article trying to get closer to the source of the data, but basically his publisher performed the (I presume paid) search of BookScan in order to get the information. I can forward you the email if you are interested in pursuing it further.

Again, thanks! Jdavidb (talk • contribs) 23:08, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Ivory Coast move
Since you participated in previous discussions on Ivory Coast, you might be interested in the requested move at Talk:C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire. —  AjaxSmack     06:05, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:EDM


text:
User:Hornplease

Hi. I'm based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and tend to interfere especially in articles about the Roman Republic, rural Wiltshire, South Asian History and development economics. I've been on WP since December 2004; I have scaled back my editing drastically since October 2006. A glance at my contributions should explain why.

I continue to try and understand exactly what a NPOV is; currently I interpret an edit as NPOV if it accurately reflects the state of informed debate on the subject. The key, loaded word here is 'informed'. It means I have a bias towards "pointy-headed academic" argument rather than "plain, simple common sense". Deal.

Pages started: Permanent Settlement, Basic structure, Senatus consultum ultimum, Wardour Castle, Congress President, Rian Malan, James A. Mackay, Tryst with destiny, Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Congress Working Committee, Percy Lucas, National Knowledge Commission, Home Minister, Pradesh Congress Committee, Safdar Hashmi, Tangra, Zamindar, Duchess of Richmond, Mautam - which was on the main page on June 3, 2006.

Something I'm really ashamed of:.

Projects underway: Drastic edits of certain pages on 18th and 19th century colonial history that rely on the 1911 Britannica, which has serious POV problems. See especially Robert Clive. Also Claude Martin.

On my slate: Rewrite and properly deepen Constitution of India, including articles on major amendments. Also rearrange Fundamental Rights of India.

Past edits under anon IPs include but are not limited to:

IP1

IP2

IP3

Utils

Recent Changes, Living Persons: Recent Changes, pols: Recent Changes, actors:

Nehru FA draft

Stored links and diffs

title: User:Hornplease


text:
Roger Dodger (phrase)

The phrase "Roger Dodger" originated during World War II and was verbally circulated throughout the United States military as a part of a story about a pilot or soldier who added his own flair to radio phraseology. The punch line of this story is: "Roger Dodger, you old codger!" The story was passed along by servicemen in all branches of the military.

Here is one version of the story set in the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II: A squadron of Navy aircraft was returning to base after a wildly successful mission. One pilot in particular was feeling especially cocky. After receiving landing instructions, the pilot signed off his radio message with, "Roger Dodger!"

The next transmission was from an irate-sounding naval officer. He bellowed, "In this man's Navy, there will be no flippant remarks on the radio!" He went on to say that he was a U.S. Navy Commander and intended to find the offender to personally reprimand him.

The rambunctious pilot acknowledged by saying, "Roger Dodger, you ol' codger. I'm a Commander too!"

It is easy to see how the story can be adapted to different military branches and duties but still retain the essential ingredients: the successful war hero in the thick of the action and the overbearing officer concerned only with strict adherence to the regulations.

Over several decades, the story faded into folklore, but the phrase "Roger Dodger" retains widespread recognition in the United States, even though most people do not know what it really means or its origin. It is generally used in a flippant way, often in seeming mocking of police or military authority.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) officially defines the word "roger" to mean "I have received all of your transmission." For example, a pilot would say "roger" in response to an advisory from air traffic control. "Roger" is not currently the word for the letter "R" in most radio alphabets; "Romeo" is. However, in modern times, pilots must read back (repeat) air traffic control clearances to verify they heard them correctly, but most instructions may be "rogered". The word "roger" is still used in modern aviation radio communication, but the phrase "roger dodger" is not recognized by ICAO.

title: Roger Dodger (phrase)