text:
Talk:Of Human Bondage

Untitled
Dave59’s points all seem valid to me. It might also help people to know two key bits of autobiography. One is that Maugham was plagued by a stammer, which he transfers to Philip as a clubfoot. The other is that his sexual orientation was homosexual, then illegal in the UK, so we can read a lot into Philip’s relationships with women and with other men. The Lawless One (talk) 10:09, 21 June 2009 (UTC)

Reverting
I reverted this removal because I couldn't see the problem with the summary. If there's a specific problem, I'd recommend explaining what it is and removing only the problematic sentences, rather than removing the section wholesale. Thanks, delldot   talk  16:45, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Being bold is no excuse for unexplained removal. "didn't think it was good enough" doesn't come close to being an explanation. :: Kevinalewis  : (Talk Page) /(Desk)  17:10, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

It is twenty years since I have read O.H.B. and I no longer own a copy of it. I deleted the plot summary from this article because I genuinely believe that no plot summary is better than a thoroughly bad one. I didn't try to replace it because this is an extremely long and complex book and to write a good summary is probably beyond my skills. However I do hope that someone more skilled than I who has read the book more recently will try. I have the following specific objections to the current one

1	Philips major motivation for giving up school and moving to Heidelberg is a broken friendship at school. He spoils this friendship partly with his own over sensitivity

2	The major interest of the year in Heidelberg is the contrast between the two friends he makes. The romantic and conversationally adept Englishman who is superficially appealing but his achieved remarkably little in his life and the steadier and more pragmatic American.

3	Philip emphatically does not “fall under the spell” of Miss Wilkinson. She is a rather silly middle-aged woman who flirts with the inexperienced Philip who eventually sleeps with her despite finding her distinctly physically unappealing. Ultimately Philips behaviour towards her is rather cruel and this behaviour towards women he does not find physically attractive is repeated later in the book

4	Philips skills as an artist are not “less than mediocre”. He is a competent enough painter but realises he has little genuine talent or originality. As he took up art because he wanted to be brilliant rather than competent he decides to give it up. There is a contrast here with Cronshaw who has genuine talent but no commercial success and consequently a miserable life.

5	Philip does not do well at Medical School he finds the work hard and struggles to pass his exams

6	Mildred forms a very significant part of the book .She is neither beautiful nor intelligent and Phillip is very well aware of this. Neither has she any sexual interest in Phillip and he initially believes her to be cold. In the end it turns out that she just prefers a more robust brand of masculinity than Phillips. Despite all of this and his contempt for her petit bourgeois pretensions Philip forms a powerful and destructive sexual obsession with her that he is unable to resist. He only frees himself of this after seeing her working as a prostitute after he had recently diagnosed her with syphilis, then an incurable and universally fatal condition. One of the central themes of the book seems to be how little our strongest impulses have to do with morality or even common sense.

7	On finishing medical school Philip unexpectedly and almost by accident discovers he has a talent for family medicine and decides to marry the daughter of one of his friends and live the life of a hard working country doctor. At the end of the book her seems satisfied with his decision and to have attained a measure of maturity and a rough and ready philosophy of following his own instincts “with due regard for the policeman round the corner.”

Major themes seem to be coming of age, the inexplicability of human passions and finding meaning and value in a godless world. I am not going to spend days trying to put this elegantly but I do think the present article is poor and we would be better off without it.Dave59 21:09, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Wow, excellent explanation. I'm in a bit of a bind since I haven't read the book at all.  I went through and changed wording to try and deal with your concerns, but I wasn't able to address everything.  We should find someone who's read the book recently and who's willing to vet it.  Or at least a good summary.  Thanks for catching this!   delldot   talk  21:44, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I stuck a disputed-section tag under plot summary, so hopefully that will bring folks' attention to the issue. It'll include the article in Category:Accuracy disputes, so hopefully that will help.   delldot   talk  21:53, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

User "Postdlf" made an inappropriate removal of data I had added earlier regarding a reference from "Empty Nest". Who died and made Postdlf god? No one did, and no one ever will. In his selfish godlike complex-way, the contribution of "Of Human Bondage is mentioned in the Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode "The Freshman"; in a conversation with Buffy, a college student named Eddie calls the book his "security blanket"." SHOULD ALSO BE REMOVED. As both Buffy and Empty Nest are tv shows. In fact, I would not have made the addition, if I had not seen another tv show listing a likewise reference. Someone keep an "eye" on that obnoxious editor, thanks, as he is destined to keep vandalizing. As this is not a communist encyclopedia.

Clumsy prose
I haven't read such sophomoric, or "sophomoronic" writing since I wasa in high school, and that was a long time ago. If poor old Somerset got a whiff of this putrid pap, he would probably gag in his grave. If this pallid offering was turned in for a highschool literature class it could not possibly merit more than a "D" grade. Genuine scholars take umbrage with Wikipedia because of sloppy research, poor thinking, and clumsy prose. This article is a poster child for that very valid criticism. Someone who knows better ought to set some standards and raise the bar just a little beyond the eighth grade remedial reading class.Mattyri 06:49, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

I hesitate to rise to such obvious bait but isn’t “sophomoric” a rather sophomoric word? The whole point of Wikepedia is “if you think you can do better then have a go” so come on Mattyri. Its “theme and stucture, imagery and tone” can’t be that difficult can it?Dave59 18:44, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I get frustrated with internet reviewers who make vague criticisms but never back it up with reasoning or examples. If a reviewer about whom I know nothing just says a work is bad, how can I tell whether the problem is with the work or with the reviewer's judgement?   73.82.47.164 (talk) 14:33, 3 November 2018 (UTC)

Hello people. I just ordered this book, and I plan to read it soon. I am not the greatest writer of English (not a native speaker), but I can read English just fine, and I should be able to help with the accuracy problem. It might take me about a month to complete this. ssepp(talk) 19:09, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Well, Dave, not to put too fine a point on it, however, making excuses for bad writing simply opens the door to more mediocrity. To borrow a phrase from the venerable Gore Vidal: "No talent is not enough!" The Wikipedia touts itself as being an encyclopedia, and so I believe it is reasonable to expect that it present a higher standard of prose style and intellectual content than say, a blog, or a message board. Otherwise, it will have a difficult time measuring up to what most folks in the world hope to find within the pages of that marvelous edifice called the encyclopedia.Mattyri 03:19, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks S Sepp! Sounds good.
 * Mattyri, is there a part you find especially problematic? Is it the wording or the content?  Would you be willing to fix it yourself, or are you asking others to?  Thanks for the input, we always need constructive criticism.   delldot   talk  22:31, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

This is still lamentable. A new copy would cost me £6.99.I don’t know that I could stand the adolescent angst of reading it again. I’m very busy at work. Will somebody who can write a sentence please please re do this?Dave59 09:10, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

You don't need to spend money on a new copy...just go to the Project Gutenberg link on the page itself and you have the whole thing. I'm sorry I can't write well enough to write a decent review.Bfishburne 5:36, 11 October 2007 (EDT)

Cover image
If it's truly a cover of the first edition, which was published in 1915, then Template:PD-US would apply (pre-1923 publication) at a minimum, if not Template:PD-text. However, it's not just a flat scan of the cover, but a photograph of the book at an angle, which means that the photograph is of a 3-D object and is itself independently copyrightable. I don't see a claim to using someone else's photograph of the book, which would count as replaceable under WP:NFCC. The image should be replaced with a flat scan of the cover (or dust jacket preferably, if there was one) or a user-created photograph of the book if you want to show the spine as well as the front cover. postdlf (talk) 01:10, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Of Human Bondage


text:
Orkla ASA

Orkla ASA is a Norwegian conglomerate operating in Europe, Asia and the US. At present, Orkla operates in the branded consumer goods, aluminium solutions and financial investment sectors. Orkla ASA is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange and its head office is in Oslo, Norway. , Orkla had 21,423 employees. The Group's turnover in 2021 totalled NOK 50.4 billion.

Operations
Orkla's branded consumer goods division produces brands in many fields, primarily in the Nordic region, but also in other places such as Central and Eastern European countries, and the Baltic region. Among the companies owned by Orkla are Abba Seafood, Beauvais foods, Chips, Felix, Göteborgs Kex, Kalev, KiMs, Lilleborg, MTR Foods, Rasoi Magic, Peter Möller, Nidar, OLW, Panda, Procordia Food, Stabburet, Sætre, Pierre Robert Group and Laima.

As of February 2020 Orkla had major ownership in Jotun (42.6%). Borregaard was divested and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in 2012. Orkla's 50% interest of Sapa Group was sold in 2017.

History
Orkla started out in 1654 with pyrite mining at Løkken Verk in Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. Later the company also started mining copper, but copper mining was abandoned in 1845. In 1904 Orkla Grube-Aktiebolag was founded by Christian Thams to start commercial mining at Løkken Verk, which included the construction of Thamshavnbanen, the first electric railway in Norway, between Løkken Verk and Thamshavn. This railway is still operated as a museum railway after the mining operations at Løkken Verk were closed on 10 July 1987.

In 1929, Orkla became listed on Oslo Stock Exchange and in 1931 the new smelting plant at Thamshavn outside Orkanger was opened. By 1941 Orkla started with a separate investments portfolio, and opened offices in Oslo in 1975. In 1984 Orkla started a major takeover of Norwegian newspapers, creating Orkla Media as one of the three largest media companies in Norway. Half of the magazine publisher Egmont-Mortensen was added to Orkla Media in 1992 and the Danish Det Berlingske Officin in 2000. Orkla sold the media section to Mecom in 2006.

In 1986 Orkla merged with Borregaard based in Sarpsborg to form Orkla Borregaard. The company then merged with Nora Industrier in 1992. Borregaard was spun off and introduced to the Oslo Stock Exchange in October 2012, with Orkla retaining a minority stake in the company. Orkla heavily invested in foods and among others acquired Swedish brewery Pripps as well as other companies, including Abba Seafood, Baltic Beverages Holding and Procordia Food. Norwegian Ringnes and Pripps were merged with Carlsberg Breweries, where Orkla acquired a 40% ownership in 2000. Orkla sold its ownership in Carlsberg in 2004.

In 2005 Orkla bought the Norwegian material company Elkem and Sapa Group in Sweden. In 2010 Orkla bought the Estonian confectionery company Kalev.

In November 2018 Orkla announced that it will acquire Finnish Kotipizza Group.

In March 2022, Orkla Health announced it had acquired 100% of the shares of dietary supplements supplier Healthspan Group Limited for £65 million on a cash and debt-free basis.

Orkla Foods

 * Abba Seafood – seafood (Sweden)
 * Ahti – herring
 * Bähncke – condiments
 * Banos – banana spread
 * Beauvais – condiments
 * Big One – frozen pizzas
 * Big One Diner – American food
 * Bjellands Fiskeboller – canned fish balls
 * Bob – juice, fruit preserves
 * Boy – herring
 * Den Gamle Fabrik – fruit preserves
 * Denja – salads, herrings
 * Ejderns – caviar
 * Ekstrom – desserts
 * Everest – bottled water (Latvia)
 * Felix – condiments, potatoes, vegetables
 * Frödinge – desserts
 * Fun Light – squash
 * Geisha – rice products
 * Gimsøy Baker'n – baking ingredients
 * Gimsøy Drinkmix – drink mix
 * Glyngøre – herring
 * Grandiosa – frozen pizzas
 * Grebbestads – anchovies
 * Gutta – juice (Latvia)
 * Gøy – squash
 * Hold-It – calzones
 * Hållö – shellfish
 * Idun – condiments
 * Jacky – yoghurts, puddings
 * JOKK – juice
 * K-salat – salads
 * Kalles Kaviar – caviar
 * Kikkoman – soy sauces
 * Kokkeklar – soups
 * Kung Gustaf – seafood
 * Latplanta – spices (Latvia)
 * Lierne – lefse
 * Limfjord – seafood
 * Liva Energi – energy drinks, protein drinks
 * Lucullus – herring
 * Løvstek – cube steak
 * Mors hjemmebakte flatbrød – flatbrød
 * Mr. Lee – instant noodles (Norway, Faroe Islands )
 * Mrs. Cheng's – Asian food
 * Nora – fruit preserves, canned vegetables, desserts, squash (Norway)
 * Nugatti – chocolate spreads (by Stabburet, Norway; also sold in Finland )
 * Nøtte – hazelnut butter
 * Pastella – pasta
 * Paulúns – natural food
 * Pizza Originale – frozen pizzas
 * Risifrutti – porridges
 * SaritaS – Indian food
 * Sjokade – chocolate spreads
 * Spilva – condiments, canned vegetables, juices, ready meals (Latvia)
 * Stabburet Leverpostei – leverpostej
 * Stabburet Pai – frozen pies
 * Stabburet Picnic – canned ham
 * Sunda – honey
 * SUSLAVICIUS – condiments, fruit preserves
 * Svennes – caviar
 * Tomtegløgg – mulled wine
 * Toro – soups, desserts, spices, powdered drink mixes (Rieber & Søn, Norway; also sold in Iceland)
 * Trondhjems – canned food
 * Truly Thai – Thai food
 * Vesta – herring
 * Vestlandslefsa – lefse
 * Vitana – bouilion powder, condiments (Czech Republic)
 * Vossafår – cold cuts
 * Önos – fruit preserves, squash

Orkla Confectionery & Snacks

 * Ādažu čipsi – potato chips (Latvia)
 * Ballerina – cookies
 * Bamsemums – chocolate
 * Bergene Melk – chocolate
 * Bixit – cookies
 * Bocca – chocolate
 * Café Bakeriet – cookies
 * Caramello – chocolate
 * Crispo – chocolate
 * Cuba – chocolate
 * Doc – throat lozenges
 * Extra – chewing gum (distribution only)
 * Fresh walk – sandwiches
 * Fun Light – juice
 * Gjende – cookies
 * Göteborgs Kex – cookies
 * Gullbrød – marzipan
 * Hjemmelaget Julemarsipan – marzipan
 * Hobby – chocolate
 * Hubba Bubba – chewing gum (distribution only)
 * IFA – throat lozenges
 * Juicy Fruit – chewing gum (distribution only)
 * Julegris – marzipan pig
 * Julemarsipan – marzipan
 * Kalev – chocolates, biscuits, cookies, marzipans, caramels (Estonia)
 * KiMs – potato chips (Norway, Denmark)
 * Knott – candy
 * Kornmo – biscuits
 * Krembanan – chocolate
 * Kremtopper – chocolate
 * Krokantrøffel – chocolate
 * Laban – candy
 * Laima – chocolate (Latvia)
 * Laima sweets stores (Latvia)
 * Laima chocolate museum (Latvia)
 * Latfood – chips (Latvia)
 * Mokkabønner – chocolate
 * Mokkatrøffel – chocolate
 * Nero – chocolate, liquorice (by Nidar, Norway)
 * New Energy – chocolate
 * Nidar – chocolates, bulk candy (Norway)
 * OLW (company) – potato chips
 * Old Town Bakery – confectionery, cakes (Latvia)
 * Panda – chocolate, liquorice candy (Finland)
 * Panda Liqueur – chocolate
 * Pauluns Wholemeal flakes, muesli, bars (Sweden)
 * Pedro – salty snacks (Latvia)
 * Polly – nuts (by KiMs Norge, Norway)
 * Safari – cookies
 * Sfinx – chocolate confections (by Nidar)
 * Skipper – liquorice candy
 * Smash! – chocolate (by Nidar, Norway)
 * Selga – cookies and waffles (Latvia)
 * Staburadze – confectionery and cakes (Latvia)
 * Smørbukk – caramel
 * Snøstenger – marzipan
 * Stratos – chocolate
 * Sætre – biscuits, cookies (Norway)
 * Troika – chocolate
 * Taffel The Original Snacks – salty snacks (Finland)

Lilleborg

 * Blenda – laundry products
 * Comfort – fabric softeners
 * Define – hair care products
 * Dr. Greve – hygiene products
 * Jif – cleaning products
 * Jordan – dental hygiene products, cleaning supplies
 * Klorin – chlorine products
 * Krystal – cleaning products
 * Lano – soap
 * Lypsyl – moisturising lip balm (distribution only)
 * Milo – laundry products
 * Naturelle – soaps
 * OMO – detergents
 * Pepsodent – toothpaste (distribution only)
 * Persil – laundry products
 * Salmi – cleaning products
 * Solidox – toothpaste
 * Sterilan – deodorants
 * Sun – dishwashing
 * Svint – steel wool soap
 * Zalo – dishwashing products

Orkla Health

 * Collett – vitamin supplements
 * CuraMed – throat lozenges
 * Gerimax – ginseng products
 * Gevita – vitamin supplements, mineral supplements, herbal remedies
 * Litozin – rosehip powder
 * Maxim – sports nutrition
 * Möllers Tran – Omega-3 products
 * Nutrilett – protein bars, dieting products
 * Pikasol – Omega-3 supplements
 * Sana-sol – vitamin supplements
 * Triomar – Omega-3 supplements
 * Vitaminbjørner – vitamin supplements
 * Vivag – intimate care products

Pierre Robert Group

 * La Mote – clothes
 * Pierre Robert – clothes

Orkla Food Ingredients

 * AMA – margarine
 * Bakkedal – butter
 * BaKo – baking equipment, cake decorations
 * Bæchs Conditori – baked goods
 * Candeco – cake decorations, ice cream decorations
 * Credin – baking products
 * Frima Vafler – ice cream cones
 * Jästbolaget – yeast
 * Kronjäst – yeast
 * KåKå – baking products
 * Mors Hjemmebakte – baking products
 * Naturli' – organic beverages
 * Nic – ice cream accessories
 * Odense – marzipan, nougat, chocolate
 * PureOil – cooking oil
 * Sonneveld – professional baking products

Other investments

 * Gränges – aluminium (listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange)
 * Hydro Power – power plants
 * Sarp Falls – power plant
 * AS Saudefaldene (85%) – power plant
 * Jotun (42.53%) – paint manufacturer
 * Orkla Eiendom – real estate related to Orkla's own operations

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Orkla ASA


text:
Guildford railway station (disambiguation)

Guildford railway station is a national rail station in Guildford, Surrey, England

Guildford railway station may also refer to:

 * Guildford railway station, Sydney, Australia
 * Guildford railway station, Perth, Western Australia
 * Guildford railway station, Victoria, on the Moolort railway line, Australia


text: User talk:59.167.118.235

title: User talk:59.167.118.235


text: User talk:207.200.116.202

title: User talk:207.200.116.202


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cwod

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete, but the page was speedy deleted anyway by Rick. bainer (talk) 00:00, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Cwod
The subject of the article is a non-notable teacher of some sort. I originally marked it to be speedied, but I think the article has reached the point where it should be brought here. --Canderson7 01:53, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

there are many other useless articles on Wiki that you can spend your time deleting. I did not know that removing the speedy was a violation (whoops) but atleast its back now...err, was. Also, like the note says, the page is currently being broadcast to others to add their own information. (edit by 69.23.252.110)

Retort #2:

The subject of the article is a non-notable teacher of some sort. While this may be true to you, others do know of him. Just because I do not know what happened on July 23, 1321 AD does not make that date unimportant. Notable is based on one's knowledge of a subject and the relative importance of said subject. (edit by 69.23.252.110)

I originally marked it to be speedied, Yes, you did. (edit by 69.23.252.110)

but I think the article has reached the point where it should be brought here. I do not see the logic behind bringing this page to this point, other than a few mistakes a new user can make. In accordance with Wiki's standards, it is NOT vandalism, and it is a work in progess, both of which are NOT reasonable causes for deletion! (edit by 69.23.252.110)

 * Delete definitely not notable. - Etacar11 02:07, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Refutation #3: If you strike me down, I will become more powerful than you can ever imagine. <--- Writing a paper in Spanish while trying to debate this with you. Give me a bit to reply. (edit by 69.23.252.110)

 * Delete. Not notable.  To the anonymous contributor(s): lack of notability is independent of the complete/incomplete state of the article.  Adding reams of text will not make the subject more notable.  See also Wikipedia is not a general knowledge base. --Tabor 02:17, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Comeback #4 (for lack of a better word): Cwod does however have a claim to fame. Unlike most US citizens, he gave the speech prior to the current US President (he also introduced him) when the President appeared at. See below: Memorials. It's always sad when people die, but Wikipedia is not the place to honor them. Subjects of encyclopedia articles must have a claim to fame besides being fondly remembered by their friends and relatives. (edit by 69.23.252.110)

It seems that this would be a claim to fame...
 * You may think so; others may disagree. The VfD process is the accepted way of making that determination. --Tabor 02:30, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Non notable, vanity, etc. CryptoDerk 02:24, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, not encyclopaedic. --bainer (talk) 02:26, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Final Statement: Wow, that didnt go like a debate like it should have. Just a bunch of people ignoring evidence and not analyizing the facts carefully. Since logic does not work here apparently, I will join the choir of people who wish to "make Wikipedia the free encyclopedia" by deleting every page under construction. Imagine if someone controlled the Internet and decided to delete every page that was under construction. Over 50% of the Internet would be gone. The invalid and untrue logic of the above arguments almost makes me want to lose faith in the human race. We are intelligent beings. We can debate and analyize in an orderly fashion. Yet, there are those who chose to yell "The sky is falling" without even checking if it actually is. Question every thing, debate where applicable, and analyize! Guaranteed to make the human race a better, more advanced society. (edit by 69.23.252.110)

 * We don't want to delete it because it's under construction, we want to delete it because it is not encyclopaedic. Articles about some teacher at some small school are not important. --bainer (talk) 02:46, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Small school and in the same sentence. Funny!  Since you do not know highschool sizes, EPHS is once of the largest highschools in the United States, and easily the largest highschool in the state it is located in.  If you do not know what state it is in, get off of Wikipedia and use Google.com for a bit. (edit by 69.23.252.110)

Oh, an encyclopedia (as defined by Webster [isnt he the first dictionary guy? Oh, nevermind, he was not "notable"]) is this (edit by 69.23.252.110)
 * Actually, Noah Webster's definition was worded a bit differently --Tabor 02:57, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete --drini ☎ 02:38, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete What the hell are you talking about? Noah Webster is very notable, and Mr. Whoever isn't. Also, cut that "losing faith in humanity" shit out; if you are this upset over losing a debate then perhaps debating is not for you. --EvilZak 02:44, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

This will be deleted shortly, but with the hope that Mr. EvilZak sees this: Perhaps using above a 3rd grade vocabulary is not for you. (edit by 69.23.252.110)

 * Delete: A teacher. I'm sure he's a memorable instructor.  However, he is not sufficiently notable to be properly included in an encyclopedia.  We are neither the high school year book nor Who's Who in US Education. Geogre 03:00, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Delete The author of the article's mudslinging notwithstanding, the individual is not notable. Force10 05:00, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Wowzerz! Sry to cause so much trouble :P Just kill the page already --Rhyeal 03:23, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Suggest author go hang out at Eden Prairie Center (or whatever else it is you EP kids do these days) rather than waste time on Wiki. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  03:46, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete So, 200 people out of 6+ billion know him. Not notable. Xcali 04:40, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with all delete votes above. --Metropolitan90 05:29, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 05:53, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Call bluff -- the author says the page will be used to prove the subject's notability. Fine: give the page until close of vote, then lock it and renominate as it then is.  If enough people then feel the article is justified, let it stay; if this proves to be educ-cruft, then delete --Simon Cursitor 06:43, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable.  Frjwoolley 15:27, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Articles on individual non-notable teachers at individual (debatably notable) high schools are inherently non-verifiable. ESkog 16:50, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted for the taunts made here and the taunts on the article and the threat to bring in over 200 other students to write more drek. RickK 19:41, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cwod


text:
Jim Davidson (actor)

Jim Davidson (born January 18, 1963) is an American actor and model active in the 1990s and early 2000s. Davidson is a graduate of Lehigh University. He starred in the 2003 film Disaster (also known as Cult of Fury) as Roger Goodwin.

Career
He graduated from Selinsgrove High School in Snyder County, Pennsylvania, United States. Jim earned his Bachelor of Science from Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He worked as a public accountant for PricewaterhouseCoopers in New York City before he was discovered by a model agency.

Davidson's first television role came as the pit reporter on the monster truck racing series Monster Wars, which lasted one season in 1993 before being cancelled. He is best known for his work on the mid-1990s television drama Pacific Blue. Since then, Davidson has guest-starred in a number of prime time dramas and appeared on CBS's Soap Guiding Light from 2001 to 2002 and 2005. In 2003, he starred as Roger Goodwin in the film Disaster.

A television pilot based on the Snopes.com website by writer-director Michael Levine called Snopes: Urban Legends was completed in 2002 with Davidson as host, but major networks passed on the project.

title: Jim Davidson (actor)


text: File:Cerro de la Silla.jpg

title: File:Cerro de la Silla.jpg


text:
Guildford railway station, Sydney

Guildford railway station is located on the Main South line, serving the Sydney suburb of Guildford. It is served by Sydney Trains T2 Inner West & Leppington and T5 Cumberland line services.

History
Guildford station opened in April 1876. In 2004, a new footbridge with lifts was built.

Transport links
Transit Systems operates five bus routes via Guildford station:
 * 820: to Merrylands station via Guildford West
 * 821: to Woodpark via Guildford West
 * 822: to Merrylands station via Railway Terrace
 * 906: Fairfield station to Parramatta station
 * 916: to Chester Hill station

Guildford station is served by one NightRide route:
 * N60: Fairfield station to Town Hall station

title: Guildford railway station, Sydney


text:
Pro set

In American football, the pro set or split backs formation is a formation that has been commonly used as a "base" set by professional and amateur teams. The "pro set" formation features an offensive backfield that deploys two running backs aligned side-by-side instead of one in front of the other as in traditional I-formation sets. It was an outgrowth of the three-running-back T-formation, with the third running back (one of the halfbacks) in the T becoming a permanent flanker, now referred to as a wide receiver.

This formation has been particularly popular because teams can both run and pass the football out of it with an equal amount of success. It keeps defenses guessing what type of play the offense will run. Because the backs are opposite each other, it takes the defense longer to read the gap through which the offense will run the ball.

Overview
The set can be run with a single tight end and two receivers or no tight ends and three receivers.

A standard pro set places the backs about 5 yards behind the line of scrimmage, spaced evenly behind the guards or tackles. In this look, teams may utilize two halfbacks, or one halfback and one fullback.

A variation of the pro set places the backs offset toward either side. This look is almost universally used with one fullback and one halfback. The backs line up closer to the line of scrimmage than in a standard pro set, about 3 yards deep. The fullback lines up directly behind the quarterback, in the same spot as in the I-Formation. The halfback then lines up behind either the left or right tackle.

Once the run has been established, it can be a dangerous formation. Because of the real threat of a team running out of the pro-set, defenses must respect the play fake and play run. This pulls the safety to the line and opens up the middle of the field deep. Also, with both backs in position to "pick up" an outside blitz, the pro set gives a quarterback an abundance of time to find an open receiver.

History
The formation has lost its popularity at the college and professional level recently with the rise of shotgun split back formations. It remains common at the high school level.

In the National Football League, in the mid-to-late 2000s, the formation was used almost exclusively by West Coast offense-based teams in occasional third down passing situations and goal-line situations. In the early 2010s, the pro set almost completely disappeared from the NFL, however in the late 2010s it was used once again as an occasional goal line and passing down formation by West Coast offense based teams. Andy Reid recently used the Pro Set in Super Bowl LVII against the Eagles late in the 4th quarter, which led to a game leading field goal.

title: Pro set


text:
Portal:Ukraine/New article announcements

New articles only. Please consider whether your new article could be used for portal's "Did You Know?" or main page WP:DYK sections and, if so, propose or post it there. Once selected, don't forget to update here.

 * While all are encouraged to post their articles here, please consider using Portal:Ukraine/New article announcements 2 ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Ukraine/New_article_announcements_2&action=watch add to watchlist]) for the articles whose relevance to Ukraine is marginal or whose subject, while notable, is of "not so prime" importance. Division is purely arbitrary and is up to you.
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New articles
See also automated announcements at Portal:Ukraine/New article announcements 2

2014

 * Victoria Gres designer. USchick (talk) 07:44, 24 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Maryna Poroshenko First Lady of Ukraine. USchick (talk) 00:20, 24 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Next Ukrainian local elections, Ukrainian Census (2016) both by me. Future events, so might as well  have a head start on the article!  Facebook like thumb.png DDima 06:55, 7 March 2014 (UTC)
 * I think we need to mention the slew of Euromaidan articles that were recently created as well.. Just kidding! :)  Facebook like thumb.png DDima 06:55, 7 March 2014 (UTC)

2013

 * Teremky (Kiev Metro) by me; station will open on 6 November 2013. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  23:54, 4 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2017 stubby by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  19:48, 17 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Ihor Markov by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  15:55, 17 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Kyiv Music Fest by User:Very trivial. Ukrained2012 (talk) 15:39, 2 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Coal in Ukraine stubby by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  16:54, 30 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Capital punishment in Ukraine stubby by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  18:09, 28 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Ukraine National Bureau for Civilian Aircraft Events and Accidents Investigations, Transport in Kiev, Wiska) by me. BIONIC Hill Innovation Park and Victor Polishchuk by some lazy ignorant PR folk( Ukrained2012 (talk) 21:14, 19 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Vadim Novinsky by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  17:48, 9 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Mykhaylo Okhendovsky stubby by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  17:09, 6 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Rape of Iryna Krashkova by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  17:49, 3 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Ukrainian presidential election, 2015 by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  22:24, 14 June 2013 (UTC)
 * All-Ukrainian Political Movement "State Independence of Ukraine" by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  00:12, 20 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University of Oleksandr Dovzhenko; mini-stub by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  21:25, 19 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Category:Early Modern history of Ukraine by me (see talk). Please populate it by recatting relevant articles. Thank you all, Ukrained2012 (talk) 04:20, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Kharkiv Beheadings by Bensimo —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  01:50, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Mendel Khatayevich stubby by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  01:19, 15 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Kiev local election, 2013 stubby by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  19:58, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Serhiy Vlasenko by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  23:39, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Song about the Towel --BoguSlav 20:32, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Kremenchuk University by me. Ukrained2012 (talk) 10:47, 16 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Constitution Day (Ukraine) - Mini-stub (there seems not much to say about it and wp:or told me that nobody thinks more of it then just a day away from work), also by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  01:02, 16 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Flag Day in Ukraine - Stub, just created by me. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  20:52, 15 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Criminal cases against Yulia Tymoshenko since 2010; a little older (also by me) and still a nomination to become a DYK since 21 January 2013. (Nudge Nudge!) —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  20:52, 15 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Mustafa Nayem. Ukrained2012 (talk) 22:06, 16 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Kiev Central Bus Station by myself. Ukrained2012 (talk) 19:39, 16 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Komsomolsk, Ukraine significantly expanded. Ukrained2012 (talk) 21:36, 16 January 2013 (UTC)


text: User talk:204.39.224.50

title: User talk:204.39.224.50


text: User talk:69.232.187.215

title: User talk:69.232.187.215


text: User talk:70.181.227.70

title: User talk:70.181.227.70


text: User talk:68.88.14.94

title: User talk:68.88.14.94


text:
SS Georgette

SS Georgette was a steamship built in 1872. She is best known, especially in Irish-American circles, for the part played in the story of the Catalpa rescue in April 1876. While the events surrounding her shipwrecking eight months later are dramatic and did capture the imagination of the local press, the ship itself had little effect on the coastal trade. Though heralding the way forward in the change from sail to steam on the long Western Australian coast, like its predecessor SS Xantho, Georgette had a short and ill-starred career and sank soon after its arrival there.

History
Georgette was built in 1872 at Dumbarton. She was a 337-ton iron screw-steamer, 46.2 metres long, 6.9 metres wide and 3.4 metres deep. Intended as a collier, she had a capacity of 460 tons deadweight, and her two engines produced 48 horsepower. She also carried two masts with a schooner rig.

While still nearly new, Georgette was sold in England to Western Australian buyers for £14,000. She arrived at Fremantle, Western Australia in September 1873, and was put to work as a coastal trading and passenger service between Fremantle, Albany and Champion Bay. In October 1873, she was stranded on the Murray Reef, and had to be sent to Adelaide for an overhaul. She resumed service in March 1874.

Catalpa incident
In April 1876, the American whaling barque Catalpa rescued a group of Fenian political prisoners from Fremantle. Catalpa had dropped anchor in international waters, and despatched a whaleboat to shore to collect the escapees. The escape was detected while the escapees were still rowing back to Catalpa, and the Georgette, which was in Fremantle at the time, was sent with a water police cutter to intercept them. However the prisoners successfully reached Catalpa and, having no official orders to board Catalpa, Georgette and the police cutter withdrew. The following morning, Georgette returned and demanded the return of the prisoners. Catalpa's captain, George Anthony, denied that he had the prisoners on board, and pointed out that he was in international waters. Georgette then fired a warning shot with its 12-pounder (5 kg) cannon, but Anthony pointed at his ship's US flag and sailed away. Georgette pursued until it was low on fuel, then returned to Fremantle.

Loss

On 29 November 1876, Georgette left Fremantle on what would be her last voyage. She was carrying fifty passengers and a cargo of jarrah, and was bound for Adelaide via Bunbury, Busselton and Albany. Shortly after midnight on 1 December, when Georgette was about midway between Cape Naturaliste and Cape Hamelin, a leak developed, and the ship's pumps would not work. By 4 a.m., the water was rising so fast that her Captain, John Godfrey, had all the passengers and crew bailing with buckets while he steered for the coast. At 6 p.m. the rising water extinguished the engine's fires, leaving Georgette drifting still some kilometres from shore. Godfrey then gave the orders to man the lifeboats, but the first lifeboat to be lowered was thrown against the ship's side by a big wave, and snapped in half. Some of the occupants were rescued by a second lifeboat, but twelve people died.

Georgette continued to drift until she drifted into the surf at Calgardup Bay, where she was seen by the Bussell family's Aboriginal stockman, Sam Isaacs. Isaacs travelled to the Bussell homestead to raise the alarm, where Alfred Bussell gave him some ropes and gear for the rescue. His 16-year-old daughter Grace insisted on accompanying Isaacs on the return trip to the scene on horseback. Meanwhile, Georgette had grounded and begun to break up. On arriving at the scene, Grace Bussell immediately rode down the cliffs and into the surf, swimming her horse out until it was alongside one of the swamped lifeboats. With as many people as possible clinging to her and her horse, she returned to shore and landed them. One man was left on the boat, and Isaacs was sent to collect him. Godfrey continued to launch lifeboats, but every one was swamped or capsized in the surf. Bussell and Isaacs continued their rescuing efforts, taking over four hours to land all the passengers. According to an account by a family friend of Isaacs, he returned to the water with his horse several times but Bussell went back to the beach, having been advised to do so by Isaacs because he felt she could not sufficiently control her horse.

Grace Bussell's role in the rescue was widely and enthusiastically reported, with newspapers around the world picking up the story. Bussell was touted as "Western Australia's Grace Darling", and was awarded the Royal Humane Society's silver medal. Isaacs received a bronze and was granted 100 acre of land by the Western Australian government, becoming the first Aboriginal person to receive a land grant in Western Australia. Godfrey, on the other hand, received much of the blame for the shipwreck. He was found not guilty on five counts of negligence, but his captain's certificate was still revoked. Godfrey managed to somehow regain his certificate in the two years following the sinking and became captain of the brig Laughing Wave. He committed suicide before daylight on 3 May 1882, by jumping overboard when the brig was off the North-west Cape.

Georgette's hull was sold for £40. Today the wreck lies in five metres of water, about 90 metres off Redgate Beach. The site is protected under the Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976.

One of the survivors of the sinking was future Western Australian premier George Leake.

title: SS Georgette


text:
Royal Hudson

The Royal Hudsons are a series of semi-streamlined 4-6-4 "Hudson" type steam locomotives formerly owned and operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) and built by Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW). The engines were built in 1937. In 1939, King George VI allowed the CPR to use the term after Royal Hudson number 2850 transported the royal train across Canada with no need of replacement. These locomotives were in service between 1937 and 1960. Four of them have been preserved. No. 2839 was used to power excursions for the Southern Railway Steam Program between 1979 and 1980. No. 2860 was used for excursion service in British Columbia between 1974 and 1999, then again between 2006 and 2010.

Royal visit
In 1939, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visited Canada, arriving at Wolfe's Cove, Quebec, on 17 May 1939. This was the first time that a reigning monarch had visited Canada. The King and Queen took a tour of the country by rail. The CPR and the Canadian National Railways (CNR) shared the honours of transporting the royal train across the country, with the CPR undertaking the westbound journey, from Quebec City to Vancouver.

The steam locomotive that the CPR used to pull the train was numbered 2850, a 4-6-4 built by Montreal Locomotive works. Specially painted in silver and blue, the locomotive ran 3224 mi across Canada, through 25 changes of crew, without engine failure. The King, being a railfan, rode in the cab when possible. The King was so impressed with the performance of 2850 and its class, that after the tour, the King gave the CPR permission to use the term "Royal Hudson" for the semi-streamlined locomotives of the class (numbered 2820–2859, 2860-2864 were built one year later as Royal Hudsons) and to display royal crowns on the running board skirts. This was the only time a locomotive outside of the United Kingdom was given royal status by the reigning monarch.

Regular service
The CPR owned a total of 65 class H1 Hudsons built by MLW. Classes H1a and H1b, numbered 2800–2819, were not semi-streamlined and were not "Royal" Hudsons. The Canadian Pacific Railway owned 30 class H1c Royal Hudsons, numbered 2820–2849, built in 1937, 10 class H1d Royal Hudsons, numbered 2850–2859, built in 1938, and five class H1e Royal Hudsons, numbered 2860–2864, built in 1940. The class H1c and class H1d Royal Hudsons were used in passenger and freight service in the East and in the Central Provinces. The class H1e (Nos. 2860 through 2864) Royal Hudsons were all built as oil-burners for the service between Vancouver and Revelstoke where they worked until they were displaced by diesels. At the end of 1952 the H1c and H1d were assigned to the sheds in Montreal (10), Toronto (7), Fort William (4), Winnipeg (17) and Calgary (2) – the brackets showing the assigned number of locomotives. All five H1e were assigned to Vancouver.

The Royal Hudsons were used on all main lines of the CPR except Montreal–Saint John due to bridge weight restrictions. They worked almost all transcontinental passenger trains. The Dominion was hauled by a Royal Hudson 811 mi from Toronto to Fort William and by another one 1250 mi further on to Calgary. There, a more powerful Selkirk took over till Revelstoke and another Royal Hudson brought the train over the last 379 mi to Vancouver.

By 1960, all of the 20 Hudsons and 45 Royal Hudsons had been retired due to having been completely replaced by diesel locomotives.

Excursions
One Royal Hudson, No. 2860, was later used in excursion service. A class H1e Royal Hudson, it was built for the CPR by MLW in June 1940. It was the first locomotive of five to be built new as Royal Hudson and delivered with painted cast-brass crowns affixed to its skirts. Between 1940 and 1956 it hauled transcontinental passenger trains between Revelstoke and Vancouver. It was damaged in a derailment outside of Vancouver in 1956, but by 1957 it had been refurbished and was transferred to Winnipeg for prairie service. It was withdrawn from service in May 1959 and sat on the scrap line for five years. It was sold to the Vancouver Railway Museum Association in 1964. However, the association was unable to find a place to display the locomotive and it remained in storage at the Drake Street shops in Vancouver. Once again the locomotive faced the risk of being scrapped, but she was sold to Joe W. Hussey in 1970.

In 1973 Hussey sold 2860 to the British Columbia government. The locomotive was restored by Robert E. Swanson's Railway Appliance Research Ltd. team and the staff of the CPR Drake Street Roundhouse shops beginning on 25 November 1973 and then operated by the British Columbia Department of Travel Industry with the cooperation of the British Columbia Railway. The BCR commenced a Royal Hudson excursion service between North Vancouver and Squamish on 20 June 1974. By the end of the 1974 tourist season, 47,295 passengers had been carried and the excursion was deemed successful. It was the only regularly scheduled steam excursion over mainline trackage in North America. The excursion operated between May and October, from Wednesday through Saturday. It also travelled North America in the late 1970s as a promotion for BC tourism. It quickly became one of British Columbia's main tourist attractions and an icon of Canadian steam power. While the engine was being prepared for Christmas trains at the end of the 1999 tourist season, 2860 was found to have serious leaks from the superheater elements. The superheaters and the arch tubes were known to be life expired and some other fairly major boiler work was required. A variety of factors prevented BC Rail from carrying out the repairs immediately, including the fact that Canadian Pacific 2816 was in the BCR shop being rebuilt under contract, and that all BC Rail passenger services were under threat in the lead up to the eventual privatization of BC Rail. After the election of the BC Liberal government in 2001 all passenger services were gradually phased out starting with the Royal Hudson excursion. The Royal Hudson excursion used other locomotives during the 2000 and 2001 seasons, such as back up locomotive 3716 (an ex-Canadian Pacific 2-8-0 which is also provincially owned and currently operates on the Kettle Valley Steam Railway in Summerland).

On 28 September 2006, the Royal Hudson steamed into the WCRA Squamish station under its own power for the first time since October 1999. The restoration took just over one year with a cost of over $250,000. Money for the restoration was provided wholly by donations. The WCRA also had difficulty locating missing parts. Some of the major components, such as the trailing truck, were borrowed from sister engine 2850. The borrowed parts had to be returned when 2850 was put on public display. WCRA replaced the borrowed tailing truck with one that was being used at a mine, which had salvaged the truck from a Royal Hudson due for scrap. The truck turned out to have been taken off of 2860 when it was sitting on the scrap line in the 1960s. The association plans to operate 2860 on excursion runs and at special events. Due to the strict "no steam" policy that CP and CN have, the excursions are restricted to special occasions only. 2860 is steamed up regularly for publicity and to salute passing passenger trains.

On 9 December 2010, the ex-CP 2860 and the Royal Hudson trainset were scheduled to depart North Vancouver for Squamish at 12:30 pm on the last of its scheduled excursion trips in 2010. The ex-CP 2860's certification expired in January 2011 and the cost of the necessary work was estimated at over CA$1 million. The December 9 trip was likely its last for a long time.

, the 2860 was still owned by the British Columbia government, but was on permanent loan to the West Coast Railway Association (WCRA) and housed at the West Coast Railway Heritage Park in Squamish. It had been seen on the CNR line from Squamish to North Vancouver in late April 2009.

Southern 2839
Royal Hudson No. 2839 was once destined for a museum in eastern Canada and wound up being sold to a group of owners in Pennsylvania. After a restoration to full working order to full CPR livery (with Southern lettering), the engine was leased to the Southern Railway for their steam excursion program in 1979–1980, but was found that the locomotive was not powerful enough for their excursions. During her brief career with the Southern, 2839 earned the nickname "beer can" due to the Royal Hudson's cylindrical streamlined design. After being returned from the Southern, the engine was stored on the Blue Mountain and Reading Railroad (BM&R) before being stored near Allentown, Pennsylvania. The BM&R attempted to restore and run her on excursions, but ultimately 2839 was sold. After a series of owners, the engine was shipped on a flat car from Pennsylvania to the Nethercutt Collection in Sylmar, California, where it was cosmetically restored and put on display outside the museum with a Pullman car.

Royal Hudson locomotive 2839 appeared in the 1980 Academy Award-winning movie Coal Miner's Daughter. The train is in Southern Railway guise and can be seen in operation in two scenes. However the Southern never owned any 4-6-4 Hudson locomotives.

Preservation
Four Royal Hudsons have been preserved (Hudson No. 2816 is not streamlined and thus is not "Royal").
 * 2839: Operated in the 1970s and 1980s. Now at the Nethercutt Collection and Museum, Sylmar, California. Good cosmetic shape, displayed outside.
 * 2850: The locomotive that hauled the Royal Train and known as "The" Royal Hudson, served a long career until 1960 when it was retired and is now preserved at the Canadian Railway Museum at Delson/Saint-Constant, Quebec. Very good cosmetic and mechanical shape, displayed indoors.
 * 2858: Preserved at the Canada Science and Technology Museum at Ottawa. Good cosmetic shape, displayed inside.
 * 2860: Preserved at the West Coast Railway Association at Squamish, BC. First CPR Hudson built as a Royal Hudson, one of the last five built. Operated excursions 1974-1999 and 2006–2010. On static display inside.

title: Royal Hudson


text:
Talk:Goods and Services Tax (New Zealand)

Untitled
The article previously stated businesses "generally are not charged GST upfront, or, if they are," and "Similarly, services, such as repairs by plumbers or mechanics include GST on their bill to the consumer, but buy the parts ex-GST."

As far as I know, that's quite incorrect. Businesses (and other GST Registered entities) always pay the GST component, but they're able to claim it back. I'm 99% sure about this, but I thought I'd leave a comment in case I'm wrong. I recall a tax lecturer explicitly stating that the IRD will deem whatever amount of money that changed hands to be GST-Inclusive. Tenbaset 02:02, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 16:30, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

incorrect government referred to regarding GST increase to 12.5%
The government in 1989 was the fourth Labour government not a National Party government 125.237.195.251 (talk) 06:42, 31 May 2023 (UTC)


text: User talk:68.61.96.93

title: User talk:68.61.96.93


text:
Blade Runner (soundtrack)

Blade Runner: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack for Ridley Scott's 1982 science-fiction noir film Blade Runner, composed by Greek electronic musician Vangelis. It has received acclaim as an influential work in the history of electronic music and one of Vangelis's best works. It was nominated in 1983 for a BAFTA and Golden Globe for best original score. The score evokes the film's bleak futurism with an emotive synthesizer-based sound, drawing on the jazz scores of classic film noir as well as Middle Eastern texture and neo-classical elements.

The official release of the soundtrack was delayed for over a decade. The first 1994 release omitted much of the film's score and included compositions not used in the film. A 25th anniversary edition released in 2007 included further unreleased material and a disc of new music inspired by the film. Various bootleg recordings containing more comprehensive versions of the score, as well as superior sound quality to the original 1994 release, have widely circulated.

An orchestral rendition of the soundtrack was released in 1982 by the New American Orchestra, but disowned by both Vangelis and director Scott.

Recording
Vangelis recorded, mixed and produced the score for Blade Runner in his London recording space Nemo Studios in 1982. He crafted the score on an ad-hoc basis by viewing videotapes of scenes from the film in the studio, and then improvising pieces in synchronisation with the images on the screen. He also applied the use of some foley techniques, using synthesisers to produce diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. The album features vocals from Demis Roussos and saxophone by Dick Morrissey on "Love Theme". The track "Memories of Green" from Vangelis' 1980 album See You Later was also used.

The most prominent synthesiser used in the score was the Yamaha CS-80, which can be prominently heard in the opening scenes. Other synthesisers employed by Vangelis included four Roland instruments: the ProMars, the Jupiter-4, the CR-5000 drum machine, and the VP-330 Vocoder Plus; a Sequential Circuits Prophet-10; a Yamaha GS1 FM synthesizer; and an E-mu Emulator sampler. A Steinway grand piano, a Yamaha CP-80 electric grand and a modified Fender Rhodes were also used. He also utilised a variety of traditional instruments, including, gamelan, glockenspiel, gong, snare drum, timpani and tubular bells.

1994 release
In 1994, an official recording of Vangelis' score was released by East West (Warner Music) in the UK and by Atlantic Records in the US. The album reached the #20 position in the UK album charts. In 2013 it reached #14 on the Billboard Vinyl Albums chart. It has been variously described as "influential and mythical", "incredible and pristine", "evocative", and "the pinnacle of synthesiser soundtracks". AllMusic labeled the score as "bleak and electronically chilling as the film itself" and praised Vangelis for creating "haunting soundscapes with whispered subtexts and sweeping revelations".

This release omits much of the film's original music and cues, and features compositions which were not present in the film. The accompanying booklet featured this explanation by Vangelis: "Most of the music contained in this album originates from recordings I made in London in 1982, whilst working on the score for the film Blade Runner. Finding myself unable to release these recordings at the time; it is with great pleasure that I am able to do so now. Some of the pieces contained will be known to you from the Original Soundtrack of the film, whilst others are appearing here for the first time. Looking back at Ridley Scott's powerful and evocative pictures left me as stimulated as before, and made the recompiling of this music, today, an enjoyable experience. (Vangelis, Athens, April 1994)"

While most of the tracks on the album are from the film, a number were composed by Vangelis but were ultimately not used in the film itself. Other compositions that appear in the film were not included on this release.

Four of the tracks ("Main Titles", "Blush Response", "Wait For Me", "Tears in Rain") feature samples of dialogue from the film. Tracks 1 through 4 are mixed together as a seamless piece; tracks 5 through 7 have silence between them, and the final tracks, 8 through 12, are mixed into another seamless piece.

2007 release
Blade Runner Trilogy: 25th Anniversary, a 3-CD set, was released in 2007 to coincide with the 5-DVD release to mark the 25th anniversary of the film. It includes the 1994 official CD along with two bonus CDs, both compiled from original material by Vangelis. The second disc includes some previously officially unreleased material, but is still not complete, omitting the "Main Title" track, for example. The third disc contains new material inspired by Blade Runner. Each track is a separate piece, separated by silence, rather than any of them being mixed together seamlessly as was the case with all but three tracks in the 1994 version.

Although this release claims to be the "complete" score, there is still some music heard in the film that is missing.

The second disc, of previously unreleased music, contains additional music not present in the film, including two bonus tracks. One of these, "Desolation Path", is a slightly different version of "Alternate Love Theme/I Dreamt Music". This track was originally used in the workprint version of the film, during the Deckard/Rachael love scene.

Orchestral release
The first official release (on LP, tape and CD) was a reinterpretation by the New American Orchestra in 1982. Billed as an "orchestral adaptation of music composed for the motion picture by Vangelis", this release consisted of jazz-inspired, orchestrated renditions of the major tracks from the film, but not the original score tracks.

Bootlegs
The delays and poor reproductions of the Blade Runner score led to the production of many bootleg recordings over the years. A bootleg tape surfaced in 1982 at science fiction conventions and became popular, given the delay of an official release of the original recordings. In 1993 "Off World Music, Ltd." created a bootleg CD that would prove more comprehensive than Vangelis' official CD in 1994. A disc from "Gongo Music" features most of the same material, but more of it. The Deck Definitive Edition came about in 2001, with 27 tracks. In 2002, the "Esper Edition" bootleg surfaced, followed by "Los Angeles, November 2019" in 2003. The double-disc "Esper Edition" combined tracks from the official release, the Gongo boot and the film itself. Finally, "2019" provided a single-disc compilation almost wholly consisting of ambient sound from the film, padded out with some sounds from the Westwood game Blade Runner.

Studio tape
The first release of the Blade Runner score in any form was a tape suspected of coming from a sound engineer during the film's mixing. It was popular, despite subpar audio quality, given there were no plans to release a Vangelis score.

Off World Music
A second bootleg Original Motion Picture Soundtrack: Blade Runner appeared in 1993 by "Off World Music, Ltd." on CD. Issued as a limited edition of 2000 numbered copies, it was of high quality and actually more comprehensive than the official release by Vangelis in 1994. This release includes the 1939 recording "If I Didn't Care" by R&B group The Ink Spots that originally appeared in the workprint of Blade Runner, but was replaced by the Don Percival cut "One More Kiss, Dear" in the final version.

Gongo Music
In 1995, a disc from Romanian label "Gongo Music, Ltd" was issued as a limited edition of 3000 copies. It contained mostly the same music as the Off World Music release, but included one track, "Blimpvert", which had not featured on any previous releases. This track contains an excerpt from "Ogi no Mato" by Ensemble Nipponia.

Deck Definitive Edition
In 2001, a 27-track CD from Japanese label "Deck Art" was released as a limited edition of 500 copies with high-quality sound. No tracklist was provided, but the disc contained material found on earlier bootlegs, as well as music that had not appeared on any previous releases.

Esper Edition
In 2002 a bootleg Blade Runner: Esper Edition by "Esper Productions" was created as a limited edition of 10 copies, providing a comprehensive Blade Runner soundtrack. It contains some background music that has never been released.

Esper Edition notes:
 * Original music composed and performed by Vangelis
 * "Harps of the Ancient Temples" (Bicycle Riders) written and performed by Gail Laughton
 * Vocals performed on tracks 3, 9 (disc I) and track 5 (disc II) by Demis Roussos
 * Vocals performed on "Rachael's Song" by Mary Hopkin
 * Saxophone on tracks 2 and 9 (disc II) by Dick Morrissey
 * Lyrics and vocals on "One More Kiss‚ Dear" by Don Percival (Note: the official 1994 release credits the vocals to Don Percival but the lyrics to English singer/composer Peter Skellern)
 * "Salome's Dance" includes a snippet that the band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark expanded into the single "Junk Culture" from the album of the same name, released in 1984.

The Esper bootleg edition was expanded in 2017 and renamed the Esper 'Retirement' Edition, consisting of six discs (five CD-DA and one DVD-ROM). It incorporated the missing tracks from the trilogy release.

Other authors and iTunes, state the Gail Laughton piece is called "Pompeii 76 A.D." from his album Harps Of The Ancient Temples.

Legacy
The film score & soundtrack is widely considered as a "classic" and "genius" work of art and one of the best of all time. In 2019, Pitchfork rated it as the best film score of all time out of 50, stating "it's shocking to consider that Blade Runner did not get nominated for the Best Picture Academy Award, or any other major Oscars. Equally bewildering is the fact that Vangelis won Best Original Score for 1981's conventionally pretty Chariots of Fire, but wasn't even honorably mentioned for his far richer contributions to Blade Runner". In 2020, The Guardian included it among 10 best film soundtracks. In 2021, the "Main Titles" was rated as the greatest synth sound of all time out of 40 by Computer Music. In 2022, the Future Music magazine placed the soundtrack as 1st among "10 of the most incredible synth film soundtracks from Hollywood history".

In 2017, a sequel to Blade Runner was released, Blade Runner 2049. Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch collaborated on the Blade Runner 2049 score, and the original Blade Runner soundtrack served as inspiration for their work. The composers included a Yamaha CS-80 analog synthesizer among the instruments in an effort to maintain stylistic continuity with Vangelis's original 1982 film score. Zimmer said of the soundtrack: "Ridley [Scott] is a hard act to follow – as is Vangelis. While Ben [Wallfisch] was four years old, I had actually experienced all of this. We watched and literally, as we stopped watching, we decided on the palette. We decided this wasn't going to be an orchestral thing. The story spoke to us." The sequel score includes a fairly faithful remake of the original "Tears in Rain" (retitled "Tears in the Rain") and borrows many musical cues from the original Vangelis score throughout, including its frequent use of pitch bending.

title: Blade Runner (soundtrack)


text:
Portal:Ukraine/Did you know

Featured at Did you know section at the Wikipedia's Main Page ...that during the Shuliavka worker's uprising of 1905, groups of 150 armed men patrolled the streets of the Shuliavka neighborhood in Kiev to clean the area of any resistors to their movement? ...that Vasyl Krychevsky, a Ukrainian artist, designed the state emblem of the Ukrainian National Republic at the request of Mykhailo Hrushevskyi? ...that the Emperor of Russia, Alexander III bought the art of Ukrainian realist painter Vladimir Orlovsky? ...that Swedish-Ukrainian relations have long traditions and that the Swedish king Charles XII was named protector of Ukraine in the first Ukrainian constitution of 1710 and that Hetman Pylyp Orlyk lived in Sweden 1716–1720? ...that the Russian composers Peter Tchaikovsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Serge Rachmaninoff used Ukrainian folk melodies in their works? ...that Polish-Ukrainian relations have been steadily improving since the fall of communism, and both countries now have a strong strategic relationship? ...that the Ukrainian Baroque architecture is distinct from Western European Baroque in that its designs were more constructivist, had more moderate ornamentation, and were simpler in form? ...that according to Ukrainian folklore, the girl who finds Chervona Ruta, "Red Rue" in Ukrainian, on the Ivan Kupala Day, will be happy in love? ...that the 11th century Duke Yaropolk Izyaslavich is an Eastern Orthodox saint? ...that in 1956, the Pidhirtsi Castle in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. burned for three weeks costing US$12 million in damages? ...that the Holy Trinity Church was the oldest church in Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine, until it was destroyed by the Soviets in 1935? ===Older Entries===
 * ... that although the secular music of Mykola Leontovych was well known in the twentieth century, the Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom was little known because of a ban on sacred music in the Soviet Union?
 * ... that Ukrainian composer Mykola Leontovych (pictured), known for the "Carol of the Bells", was nicknamed "Ukrainian Bach" in France?
 * ... that journalist Savik Shuster who used to work for Russian TV channels now prefers to work for the Ukrainian TV because he felt the Russian Government was limiting his journalistic freedom?
 * ... that the married Western Ukrainian Clergy became a hereditary caste that dominated western Ukrainian society?
 * ... that Ukrainian naturalist, lecturer, artist and author John Lhotsky was credited as the first discoverer of gold in New South Wales?
 * ...that according to legend, a tunnel leads from the Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle to the Khotyn Fortress which is 20 km away?

...that the February 9, 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty between the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Central Powers that helped clear Bolshevik forces from Ukraine? ...that the official cause of the Great Fire of 1811, which lasted for three days and burned down the whole Podil neighborhood of Kiev, was children playing with fire? ...that Khotyn Fortress (pictured), site of the Battle of Khotyn between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire in 1621, is one of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine? ...that in the Ukrainian-Soviet War (1917-1922) the Ukrainians fought for their independence first from the Russian Empire, and then the Soviet Union? ...that the strength of the Ukrainian People's Army fell from 300,000 to just 15,000 after five months of war with Soviet Russia? <li>...that the Contracts House (pictured), located in Kiev, Ukraine, was visited by writers Honoré de Balzac, Nikolai Gogol, Alexander Pushkin, and poets Adam Mickiewicz and Taras Shevchenko? <li>...that Natalka Poltavka, by Vasyl Avramenko, was the first Ukrainian language film produced in the United States? <li>...that the Soviet 383rd Rifle Division was originally comprised completely of miners, from the Ukrainian Donets Basin? <li>...that Ukrainian realist artist Apollon Mokritsky played a significant role of introducing the former serf and talented artist Taras Shevchenko to the Ukrainian and Russian intelligentsia? <li>...that red and black were the most common colors of traditional Ukrainian embroidery (pictured)? <li>...that Ukrainian impressionist Ivan Trush painted a number of portraits of famous Ukrainians, among them Vasyl Stefanyk, Lesya Ukrainka, Mykhailo Drahomanov, Mykola Lysenko, and Ivan Franko? <li>...that Viktor Pynzenyk, Ukraine's Minister of Finance, is also a professor of economics at Lviv University? <li>...that korovai is a traditional Ukrainian wedding bread, baked from wheat flour and decorated with braids? <li>...that the massacre in Vinnytsia by the Soviet secret police NKVD in the purges of 1937-1938 was investigated in 1943 during the German invasion of Ukraine and used in the propaganda war against the Soviet Union? <li>...that under the leadership of the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense (emblem), Ukraine became the first country in history to voluntarily give up its nuclear weapons? <li>...that Valentyn Rechmedin, a Ukrainian journalist and writer, received the Order of the Red Star after World War II? <li>...that Canada was the first Western country to recognize Ukraine's independence in 1991? <li>...that after the death of Ukrainian novelist Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky, a museum was built in his hometown of Vinnytsia, films were made and his son was executed for having counter-revolutionary contacts? <li>...that Serhii Vasylkivsky (painting) was the first painter after Taras Shevchenko to draw upon Ukrainian historical and ethnographic themes? <li>...that the Orthodox cave monastery in Bakota, Ukraine is said to have been founded by St. Anthony of Kiev? <li>...that while the Ukrainian Chortkiv offensive was eventually pushed back by the Polish army, the initial success of this desperate attack by the Ukrainian Galician Army is considered its finest hour in the Polish-Ukrainian War? <li>...that Khotyn Fortress and Kyiv Pechersk Lavra are part of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine? <li>...that members of Sub-Carpathian Reformed Church were persecuted by communists in the Soviet Union and were sent to Gulag labour camps in Siberia? <li>...that in 1989, some 300,000 people created a 300 mile human chain stretching from Lviv to Kiev on the 71st anniversary of the Act Zluky? <li>...that the first Baptist baptism in Ukraine took place in 1864 on the river Inhul of today's Kirovohrad Oblast? <li>...that the 1646 Union of Uzhhorod was brokered by the Basilian monastic order on the model of the earlier Union of Brest? <li>...that the Poltava Bandurist Capella, directed by Hnat Khotkevych, was the first Soviet ensemble to be invited to tour North America? <li>...that Oleh Lysheha, educated at Lviv University, was the first Ukrainian poet to receive the PEN Award for Poetry in Translation? <li>...that the Hill of Ash near Kerch was the first Scythian royal mound excavated in modern times? <li>...that some scholars interpret the petroglyphs of Kamyana Mohyla in Ukraine as precursors of the Sumerian cuneiform script? <li>...that Anthony of Kiev left his Kiev Pechersk Lavra monastery when it gained 12 members because he felt it was crowded? <li>...that the red column of the Kruty Heroes Memorial recalls the colonnade of the famously red-colored main building of the Kiev University where many of the Ukrainian cadets slain at the 1918 Battle of Kruty had studied? <li>...that the Sviatohirsk Lavra (pictured), an Orthodox Christian monastery in eastern Ukraine that dates back to the 1500s, was recently rebuilt anew after being destroyed by the Soviets in the 1930s? <li>...that although Russian is the most common first language in some parts of Ukraine, it has no status in the country? <li>...that reopening of the Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów (picture) in 2005 marked a major improvement of Polish-Ukrainian relations? <li>...that during the Nazi occupation of Ukraine, a secret synod of Ukrainian bishops in Pochaiv Lavra created the Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church, canonically linked to the Moscow Patriarchate? <li>...that Kyiv's Museum of Western and Oriental Art houses the largest collection of foreign art in Ukraine? <li>...that the National Art Museum of Ukraine's (pictured) collections were first exhibited outside the country after it reached independence in 1991? <li>...that the National Philharmonic Society of Ukraine was used as a House of Political Education and a Bolshevik Club after the Russian Revolution? <li>...that the proposals for a new Crimean flag after the collapse of the Soviet Union included a white flag with seven rainbow colors at the top and a blue-white-red tricolor design, which was officially adopted in 1999? <li>...that the Vorontsovsky Palace (pictured) in Ukraine was designed by the English architect Edward Blore? <li>...that the Grand Crimean Central Railway was built very rapidly in 1855 enabling heavy ammunition to be transported to the Allied troops to end the siege of Sevastopol in the Crimean War? <li>...that the Palanok Castle (picture) in Mukacheve, Ukraine, was used as an all-European political prison after the fall of the French Bastille, and as a shelter for the Crown of St. Stephen, protecting it from Napoleon I's troops?

<li>...that St. George's Cathedral (below) in Lviv, Ukraine served as the mother church of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church during the 19th and 20th century? <li>...that St. Cyril's Monastery (picture) in Kiev, Ukraine was closed by the Tsarist Government and its living quarters were converted into a hospital and later an insane asylum, which lasted until the mid-late 20th century? <li>...that in the Battle of Zhovti Vody the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth faced 1:10 odds for 18 days before its final defeat by the Cossack-Tatar alliance? <li>...that the remains of the Lviv High Castle in Lviv, Ukraine, was used as the foundation for a kurgan, constructed in memory of the 300-anniversary of the Union of Lublin? <li>...that Hetman Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny enrolled his entire Cossack army as students to prevent a Kievan school's conversion to a Jesuit Collegium? <li>...that Ostap Veresai, a 19th-century blind kobzar from Ukraine, performed at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, Russia? <li>...that Taras Fedorovych, a 17th-century Cossack leader, led a Cossack and peasant uprising over the issue of the Cossack register? <li>...that in 1057, Saint Anthony of Pechersk singled-handedly dug out the Near Caves in Kiev, Ukraine part of Kiev Pechersk Lavra? <li>...that for organizing a revolt on an Ottoman slave galley and freeing Christian slaves, Hetman Ivan Sulyma received a medal from Pope Paul V? <li>...that the clocks on the Great Lavra Belltower have only stopped once during their existence: when the nearby Dormition Cathedral of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra was blown up during the Second World War? <li>...that the Ukrainian Catholic University is the first Catholic university to be opened and operated by an Eastern Rite Catholic Church? <li>...that a recent fire in the open air Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of Ukraine (picture) was caused by an arson, set to cover up the theft of a valuable collection of the eighteenth-century cassones exhibited in the burned building? <li>...that the legend of the Gold of Polubotok says that Cossack Pavlo Polubotok deposited 200,000 gold coins at the Bank of England in 1723 and that the money owed to Ukraine is supposedly valued at twenty times the world's gold reserve? (picture) <li>...that the Swallow's Nest, constructed in 1911-1912 and located on top of a 40 meter cliff in Crimea, Ukraine, is a medieval-type castle which has survived an earthquake measuring 6-7 on the Richter scale? (picture...) <li>...that Vasyl Karazin, the founder of Kharkiv University, was not allowed to attend the opening ceremony? <li>...that the Zymne Monastery in Volynia is believed to have been named after a winter palace of Vladimir the Great that formerly stood on the spot? <li>...that the Lviv Opera and Ballet Theater, in Lviv, Ukraine combines details of the Renaissance and Baroque? <li>...that the 1710 Bendery Constitution by Hetman Pylyp Orlyk was one of the first state constitutions in Europe? <li>...that when the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine issued the decree to construct the Donetsk Metro in 1991, the completion date was set for 2002, but due to the unstable economic situation of the city, it is still not complete? <li>...that St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv may have been the first Russian and Ukrainian church to have a golden dome, now so typical of vernacular church architecture? <li>...that the Potemkin Stairs (pictured) located in Odesa, Ukraine create an optical illusion, where either the landings or the stairs are invisible depending on an observer's vantage point? <li>...that the Kiev tram was the first electric tramway in the Russian Empire, and the second one in Europe after the Berlin Straßenbahn? <li>...that the Lviv tram, opened on May 5, 1880 in Galicia (then part of Austria-Hungary), is one of the last urban transit systems in the former Soviet Union to still use grooved rail? <li>...that with some 150,000 customers per day, the Seventh-Kilometer Market outside of Odesa, Ukraine, is among the largest markets of the world and consists almost entirely of shipping containers? <li>...that tickets bought for the ceremonial opening of Kiev Republican Stadium scheduled for June 22, 1941 were still valid 7 years later, as the event was "postponed until after the Victory" due to the Nazi invasion to the USSR? <li>...that the statues of St. Andrew and Samson from the Fountain of Samson in Kiev were stored in a museum before the beginning of WWI, saving them from destruction by the Bolsheviks?
 * ...that the Khreschatyk is the main street of Ukrainian capital Kyiv on which Orange Revolution and other historical events mainly took place?
 * ...that the neo-classical Verkhovna Rada building in Kyiv features a hundred-tonne glass dome over the chamber where the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine convenes to enact legislation?
 * ...that at its first years Kiev Zoo had to move its animals into the food storage of the main Kiev railway station for the winter?
 * ...that the longest of the Kiev bridges, the 1,543 metres long Paton Bridge over the Dnieper River, constructed in 1953 was the first fully welded steel construction of such length at that time?
 * ...that among many historic landmarks at the Andrew's Descent in Kyiv, there is a medieval Gothic style castle that locals call the "Castle of Richard the Lion Heart" due to the legend the 12th century King of England had visited the building?
 * ...that the Kryvbas economic region in Ukraine is one of the largest iron ore and steel industry centers in Europe?
 * ...that the Privat Group is one of the few Ukrainian companies that own industries in the United States?
 * ...that Vasyl Avramenko is often referred as "The father of the Ukrainian dance"?

title: Portal:Ukraine/Did you know


text: User talk:24.5.124.209

title: User talk:24.5.124.209


text: Template:Administrative divisions of Venezuela


text:
Side platform

A side platform (also known as a marginal platform or a single-face platform) is a platform positioned to the side of one or more railway tracks or guideways at a railway station, tram stop, or transitway. A station having dual side platforms, one for each direction of travel, is the basic design used for double-track railway lines (as opposed to, for instance, the island platform where a single platform lies between the tracks). Side platforms may result in a wider overall footprint for the station compared with an island platform where a single width of platform can be shared by riders using either track.

In some stations, the two side platforms are connected by a footbridge running above and over the tracks. While a pair of side platforms is often provided on a dual-track line, a single side platform is usually sufficient for a single-track line.

Layout
Where the station is close to a level crossing (grade crossing) the platforms may either be on the same side of the crossing road or alternatively may be staggered in one of two ways. With the 'near-side platforms' configuration, each platform appears before the intersection and with 'far-side platforms' they are positioned after the intersection.

In some situations, a single side platform can be served by multiple vehicles simultaneously with a scissors crossing provided to allow access mid-way along its length.

Larger stations may have two side platforms with several island platforms in between. Some are in a Spanish solution format, with two side platforms and an island platform in between, serving two tracks.

In some situations, a single side platform may be in use with the other one (side platform) disused like with Ryde Esplanade.

title: Side platform


text: User talk:68.224.133.224

title: User talk:68.224.133.224


text:
Downsville, Wisconsin

Downsville is an unincorporated census-designated place in the town of Dunn, in Dunn County, Wisconsin, United States, where Highway 25 crosses the Red Cedar River. As of the 2010 census, its population was 146.

The community was founded in 1855. Around that time, Ebenezer Thompson tried to dam the Red Cedar, but his half-built dam was destroyed by a flood. In 1857 Captain Downs tried again and succeeded in building a dam which powered a sawmill. The village was platted in 1859, and named for Downs. He sold the mill to Knapp, Stout & Co., who expanded it and added planing and shingle mills which employed about 100 men by 1891. By that year the town also had a steam feed mill and a stop on the Menomonie branch of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul Railway.

title: Downsville, Wisconsin