text:
Hasan Kuchak

Hasan Kuchak or Ḥasan-i Kūchik (c. 1319 – 15 December 1343) was a Chupanid prince during the 14th century. He is credited with setting up a nearly independent Chupanid state in Iran during the struggles taking place in the aftermath of the Ilkhanate. He effectively became kingmaker like his namesake Hasan Buzurg.

Early life
He was born c. 1319 to Timurtash and his wife Daulat Khatun during his viceroyalty in Anatolia. However Hasan's father was executed by the Mamelukes in 1328, forcing Hasan to seek hiding from his father's rivals for a while. Hasan's rise to power began three years after the death of the last powerful Ilkhan, Abu Sa'id. The Jalayirids under Hasan Buzurg had recently mastered western Persia, putting a puppet Muhammad Khan on the Ilkhanid throne in 1336. Hasan attempted to unify the fragmented Chobanid family. Claiming his father was alive, he used a slave named Qara Jari (a possible offspring of Hasan's grandfather Chupan) to impersonate him. The widows of Timurtash Daulat and Kalturmish were even married to him. Mameluk Sultan Al-Nasr Muhammad, who had ordered Timurtash' execution, attempted to expose the fraud, but without much success. The Chobanids rallied to him; several of them (such as his cousin Pir Hosayn - governor of Tabriz) defected from Hasan Buzurg's service. Hasan Buzurg's ally Eretna couldn't do much to stop him when he and his brothers moved from Karahisar to east of Anatolia.

Together, they defeated Hasan Buzurg in Alataq area near Van on July 16, 1338. Muhammad Khan was executed, and the region around Tabriz was occupied. Hasan Kuchak, became de facto leader of Ilkhanate realm when he was just 19.

De facto reign
At this point, Qara Jari attempted to get rid of Hasan Kucek and take power for himself, but fled when the effort failed, ultimately killed by Hasan Buzurg. Following this, Hasan raised Sati Beg, sister of Abu Sa'id and widow of Chupan, to the Ilkhanid throne in the summer of 1338.

When Togha Temur, another claimant to the throne, invaded from Khurasan in the winter of 1339 at the behest of Hasan Buzurg, the Chobanid offered Sati's hand to him in marriage. Using this to receive letters of assurance from Togha Temur, Hasan Kucek forwarded these to the Jalayirids. Hasan Buzurg, feeling betrayed, stopped his advance in support of Togha, and the latter was forced to retreat in July 1339. As a result of Jahan Temür's being raised to throne by Buzurg, Kuchak found a new suitable male puppet in the form of Suleiman Khan, whom he forced Sati Beg to marry in May 1339. Hasan decided to march against the Jalayirids again. Supported by Pir Hosayn, as well as his uncle Surgan, he defeated the Jalayirids on June 26, 1340, in the Zarrinarüd valley near Maraga. Surgan was made governor of Iraq and Pir Hosayn was sent to Fars.

Revolt of Surgan
However, not all of the Chobanids remained loyal. Surgan, unhappy with the treatment of his mother Sati Beg, defected to Hasan Buzurg. An alliance was formed between the two, soon joined by the Sutayid ruler of Diyarbakr Hajji Taghay, as well as Mameluk Sultan Al-Nasr. Hasan Kuchak, however, managed to lure him out of the alliance, and the Mameluks soon abandoned their support. Still, Surgan began to plot with Togha Temur, who sent his brother Amir Shaikh 'Ali Ka'un to invade Iraq. These forces were defeated by Hasan Kuchak's brother Malek Asraf in the latter half of 1341, and Surgan was soon imprisoned and sent to Karahisar in deep Anatolia.

Revolt of Yagi Basti
Around the same time, several of the Chobanids became embroiled in a conflict concerning Fars. Malek Ashraf, along with his cousin Pir Hosayn and his uncle Yagi Basti, were involved in a conflict that also included the Injuids, the owners of the area, and the Jalayirids. The conflict split the Chobanids, and Pir Hosayn was arrested and poisoned in Tabriz in 1342. Yagi Basti and Malek Asraf met up in Baghdad; realizing the danger of the two individuals, Hasan Kuchak caused Malek Asraf to flee to Georgia, and then convinced Hasan Buzurg to abandon his support for him. Still, the two were back in Fars in the following year.

Death and aftermath
Hasan Kuchak was married to Izzat Malik, a daughter of Hajji Jabash (son of Sunjaq Noyan). He was murdered by her near the end of 1343, ostensibly because she feared that her marital infidelity would be discovered. As Hasan Kuchak left no successor, Malek Asraf and Yagi Basti, along with Surgan, split the Chobanid lands, though Malek eventually became sole ruler. He was buried in Tabriz.

Legacy
His name survives on an inscription found in Tabriz, Ostād-Šāgerd mosque which was built during reign of Suleiman Khan.

title: Hasan Kuchak


text: User talk:144.137.50.13

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:144.137.50.13


text: User talk:Vikreykja/Archives

title: User talk:Vikreykja/Archives


text:
Epoxies

The Epoxies were an American new wave band from Portland, Oregon, formed in 2000. Heavily influenced by new wave, the band jokingly described themselves as robot garage rock. Members included FM Static on synthesizers, guitarist Viz Spectrum, lead singer Roxy Epoxy, bass guitarist Shock Diode, and drummer Ray Cathode. They grew in popularity due in large part to extensive touring in both the United States and Europe where they showcased frantically paced, highly energetic on-stage productions. They were known for using special effects for their live act and sporting home-made costumes, sometimes made mostly of duct tape.

The group's music is a novel synthesis of punk rock and new wave but their lyrics are strictly focused on science fiction themes, Atomic Age futurism, alienation and consumerism. Robots, androids, clones and nuclear weapons all figure prominently in the Epoxies' lyrics.

Inception (2000–2002)
Members of the Epoxies had been involved with punk bands in the Portland area since the mid-1990s. Most notably, FM played with and Roxy photographed many album covers for The Automatics. FM and Viz conceived of a band wearing spray-painted refrigerator boxes and dryer hose as home-made robot costumes. This soon gave way to less restrictive (but generally just as low budget) costumes as the impracticality of wearing a box and playing a guitar became apparent. Kid Polymer soon took up the bass guitar when FM and Viz finally decided to go ahead with the idea. Dr. Grip and Roxy were the last to join the band in 2000, completing their first line-up. Surprisingly, this was the first time Roxy had considered being in a band. They were first known as the Adhesives before discovering that another group with that name existed nearby.

In September 2001, the Epoxies released their first recording on Dirtnap Records, based in Seattle at the time. The self-titled 7" vinyl contained the tracks "Need More Time", "Molded Plastic" and a cover version of "Beat My Guest" by Adam and the Ants. This was the start of a longstanding association with the Pacific Northwest label and several other bands on it at the time such as The Briefs and The Spits.

Increasing popularity (2002–2006)
The first recording formed the basis for a full-length album that followed in March 2002 with extensive West Coast tours to support it. Between the release of their first album and August that year Kid Polymer left the band and was replaced on bass guitar by Shock Diode, who has the fictional persona of a clone.

The band released a 7" single, "Synthesised", in October 2003, with a B-side cover version of Alice Cooper's "Clones (We're All)". Before their first US tour at the end of the year, the Epoxies also began making a CD EP to sell at shows that collected their previous 7" releases. Soon after the tour Dr. Grip decided to leave the band and was replaced by Ray Cathode, who claims to be a clone much like Shock Diode.

The Epoxies continued to tour the United States in 2003 and 2004 often opening for the Groovie Ghoulies. The group also toured Europe for the first time in 2004 with NOFX. "Need More Time" was released again the following year on Fat Wreck Chords' Rock Against Bush compilation.

This inclusion led the Epoxies to sign with Fat Wreck Chords for their second album, Stop the Future, released in April 2005, which included a cover version of the Scorpions' "Robot Man". It showcased more of the short, fast songs that fans had come to expect while also showing a more down-tempo and melodic style with the ending track "Toys" (their first song to last longer than 4:30).

They spent most of 2005 and 2006 touring with similarly pseudonymed bands The Aquabats and The Phenomenauts; Fat Wreck Chords label-mates Smoke or Fire, The Soviettes and Against Me!, and fellow pop-punkers Teenage Bottlerocket.

During this tour, the band re-recorded the single "Synthesised" in the fictional Simlish language for the release of The Sims 2: Open for Business computer game in 2006.

Break up and later work
The Epoxies signed with Metropolis Records in June 2007 and released an EP in August entitled My New World. Posts to the Metropolis website indicate that they planned an album to follow later in the year. However, in a MySpace blog interview on March 17, 2008, Roxy confirmed rumors that the Epoxies were probably broken up, or at least on an extended hiatus.

Lead vocalist Roxy Epoxy began hosting a radio show broadcast on Portland State University's campus radio station in April 2007, and fronted the new wave/pop rock band Roxy Epoxy and the Rebound. They released their first CD, Band Aids on Bullet Holes, in March 2009 on Metropolis Records, and underwent a national tour supporting TheStart the same month. As a solo artist, Roxy Epoxy released in 2010 a 5-tracks EP called 1000 with the avant-garde French record label Rotorelief. In 2016, Roxy moved back to her home state of Massachusetts to attend the 2-year MBA program at F.W. Olin School of Business at Babson College. She wrote and recorded a new album of material with Chris Pierce from Groucho Marxists and Doc Hopper at his studio, Volume IV, located in New Brunswick, NJ. Faux Replika's debut album "Presenting!" was released in January 2020 on Rad Girlfriend Records. The full line up has yet to play live due to COVID precautions.

FM Static went on to briefly tour as a guitarist (under the name "Fritz M. Static") for the Oakland-based "Rocket Roll" band The Phenomenauts. He continued to be their touring keyboardist, playing on several national and international tours, through 2014. Since 2010, he also plays bass in the new wave punk band The Bloodtypes, who have toured both nationally and internationally and released an album and an EP. FM Static has also started his own synth punk one man show entitled Static and the Cubes.

Ryan (Shock Diode) appeared on Cecilia and the Sauerkrauts' full-length album Sauerkraut, Wurst Und Other Delights. He then founded the synth punk band Sex Crime together with his wife Cecilia (No-Talents / Operation S) as well as former Epoxies drummer Tim (Ray Cathode). Sex Crime has released three 7" (on Danger Records, No Front Teeth Records and Jonny Cat Records) and one full-length album on Danger Records. Meanwhile, Tim (Ray Cathode) has also helped to form a new band in Portland called The Bourbonettes who appeared on Shower Time! A Tribute to The Punk Group. The band then renamed itself to Suicide Notes and still performs under that moniker. They have released two singles and one full length on Dead Beat Records to date.

On May 29, 2010, the Epoxies reunited for a one-off performance at a local benefit show in Portland. Perhaps confirming the group's permanent dissolution, FM Static announced to the audience before the show began to "go nuts now cause [a reunion] ain't gonna fucking happen again!".

April 14, 2015, Roxy Epoxy posted on her Twitter about a show, fuelling speculation that the Epoxies had reformed. This was then confirmed via a Tweet on April 16, 2015 stating that The Epoxies would be playing a show with the Spits at Dante's in Portland for the Project Pabst Music Festival on July 18, 2015. The show sold out well before the performance and saw the Epoxies return to the stage with their old swagger and allure.

Musical style
The Epoxies started as a reaction to popular rock music at the time. The original members felt that the entertainment and stage performance aspects of popular music were being ignored and it is this sentiment that results in their characteristic energetic shows and flamboyant homemade costumes.

As part of rebelling against established musical conventions, the band chose to include a synthesizer; they "had the intent of offending people with it because it's such an uncool instrument." However, with the rise of synthesizers in popular music since, the Epoxies are often compared to acts such as The Bravery and The Killers, leading the band to wonder if they are not accomplishing their objectives by being "overly cool" instead. One of the synthsizers FM often used was a monophonic Roland SH-101 keytar.

Viz used a futuristic looking Epiphone Explorer that had been repainted and modified to contain a laser and a bank of LEDs.

Studio albums

 * 2002 Epoxies
 * 2005 Stop the Future

Extended plays

 * 2001 Epoxies
 * 2007 My New World

Music videos

 * "Stop Looking at Me" (2002)
 * "Need More Time" (2002)
 * "Molded Plastic" (2002)
 * "You" (2002)
 * "Synthesized" (2005)

Studio albums

 * Band Aids on Bullet Holes (2009) – Metropolis Records

Extended plays

 * 1000 (EP) (2010) – Rotorelief
 * 1000
 * Dark Dance
 * Move Your Lips
 * What's There Left
 * Bad Stars

title: Epoxies


text:
Desmond Harrington

Desmond Harrington (born October 19, 1976) is an American actor. He made his film debut in 1999, playing Jean d'Aulon in The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc. His later credits include Riding in Cars with Boys, The Hole (both 2001), Ghost Ship, We Were Soldiers (both 2002), Love Object, Wrong Turn (both 2003), The Dark Knight Rises (2012), and The Neon Demon (2016).

On television, Harrington played "Joey" Quinn on Showtime's Dexter (2008–2013), Jack Bass on the CW's Gossip Girl (2009–2012), Alan Shepard in the ABC miniseries The Astronaut Wives Club (2015), Michael Rowan on CBS's Elementary (2018), and Louis Freeh on the second season of Spectrum's Manhunt (2020).

Early life
Harrington was born in Savannah, Georgia, and raised in the Kingsbridge section of the Bronx, New York City. He attended St. Margaret's School and Fordham Preparatory School. He later attended Manhattan College, but dropped out after six weeks. He worked as a waiter and bartender while taking acting classes at the HB Studio in Greenwich Village.

1999–2002: Film debut and horror genre work
Harrington made his professional debut when he was picked from 350 hopefuls to play Jean d'Aulon, bodyguard to Joan of Arc, in Luc Besson's epic historical drama The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (1999). Following smaller parts in the comedy-dramas Riding in Cars with Boys and My First Mister (both 2001), he had major roles in a succession of genre features: British psychological thriller The Hole (2001), Dark Castle's commercially successful Ghost Ship (2002), rural teen slasher Wrong Turn (2003), and the independent dark comedy-horror, Love Object (2003). For his portrayal of Kenneth in the latter—an introvert who forms an obsessive relationship with a sex doll—Harrington was awarded Best Actor at the Málaga Fantastic Film Festival. During this same time, he played the recurring role of Jesse Keys, an abductee of aliens, in the Steven Spielberg-produced sci-fi miniseries Taken (2002).

2003 onwards: Move into television
Following his headline appearance as Det. Jimmy McCarron on the second season of L.A. Dragnet (2003–2004), Harrington starred on the short-lived ABC sitcom Sons & Daughters (2006), which drew attention for its use of improvisation and absence of a traditional laugh track. He then joined the cast of the Showtime crime thriller series Dexter in its third season, playing "Joey" Quinn, a smart-mouthed detective. During his five years on the show (2008–2013), he was nominated on four occasions—along with his co-stars—for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Ensemble. Between 2009 and 2012, Harrington played the recurring role of Jack Bass, an irresponsible businessman, on the CW's Gossip Girl.

In March 2012, Harrington guest-starred in the season three premiere of the neo-Western drama series Justified, playing Fletcher "the Ice Pick" Nix. In his review of the episode for Entertainment Weekly, Ken Tucker commented, "In a very nice performance utterly unlike anything he does on Dexter, Harrington let his hair get all bed-heady and spoke in a mumble-mouth drawl as he set up his favorite sadistic game: He lays a gun on a table, and has someone count down from 10. At "1," you're invited to reach for the gun, but that's when Ice Pick earns his nickname: He pulls out an ice pick, stabs your hand to the table, picks up the gun, and shoots you". Next, Harrington featured in a small but pivotal role in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Rises (2012), co-starred as Alan Shepard—the first American astronaut to travel to space—in the CBS miniseries The Astronaut Wives Club (2015), and appeared as Jack, a lecherous photographer, in Nicolas Winding Refn's critically divisive arthouse thriller, The Neon Demon (2016).

On the sixth season of Elementary (2018), a contemporary spin on Sherlock Holmes, Harrington played Michael Rowan, a serial killer struggling with sobriety. His next role was Louis Freeh, former head of the FBI, on the second season of Spectrum's Manhunt (2020).

title: Desmond Harrington


text:
SuperCalc

SuperCalc is a CP/M-80 spreadsheet application published by Sorcim in 1980.

History
VisiCalc was the first spreadsheet program but its release for the CP/M operating system ran only on the HP-125, Sharp MZ80, and the Sony SMC-70. SuperCalc was created to fill that void and market opportunity. Alongside WordStar, it was one of the CP/M applications bundled with the Osborne 1 portable computer. It quickly became popular and was ported to MS-DOS in 1982.

An improvement over VisiCalc (though using much the same command structure using the slash key), SuperCalc was one of the first spreadsheet programs capable of iteratively solving circular references (cells that depend on each other's results). It would be over 10 years after the introduction of SuperCalc before this feature was implemented in Microsoft Excel, although in Lotus 1-2-3, manual programming of iterative logic could also be used to solve this issue. According to the SuperCalc product manager, iterative calculations were added when Sorcim changed from binary-coded decimal to binary math. Since the precision of the two math packages was different, some IF statements resolved differently, and iterative calculations helped solve this problem.

Versions of SuperCalc were later released for the Apple II, for PCs running MS-DOS, and, after Sorcim was bought by CA Technologies (CA) in 1985, for Microsoft Windows (under the name CA-SuperCalc). SuperCalc was CA Technologies' first personal computer product. The MS-DOS versions were more popular with many users than the market-leading Lotus 1-2-3, because it was distributed without copy protection, as well as being priced lower.

By the release of version 3 in March 1987, a million users were claimed. New versions were published into the early 1990s, after which Microsoft Excel dominated the spreadsheet market.

In 1993, the Ministry of Railway of Russia signed an agreement with CA Technologies after a Russian employee illegally used SuperCalc for government purposes.

Versions

 * 1980: SuperCalc
 * SuperCalc 2, which featured a novelty: Split screen with formulas on one side, and graphs on the other
 * 1986: SuperCalc 4, evaluated #2 on the spreadsheets market after Excel, with introduction of automatic construction of macros
 * 1989: SuperCalc 5

title: SuperCalc


text:
User talk:Vikreykja/Archive1

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here's some tips:
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.
 * If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page.

Other useful pages are: how to edit, how to write a great article, naming conventions, manual of style and the Wikipedia policies.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Angela. 05:07, Feb 3, 2004 (UTC)

I see you signed up as a French-English translator. Any interest in taking on the task of bringing a bunch of material from fr:Tramway to Tram? -- Jmabel 07:44, 5 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Don't take your name off of the translation list (though you might want to add a comment about being a wikipedia newbie, and remove that when it is no longer relevant). If you want to take on the article, I'll gladly work with you on style issues. You don't have to do the whole thing at once: you can translate the material in one or two sections at a time. If you are really concerned about them being substandard, you can set up a "sandbox" page at User:Vikreykja/Tram to work on. Others can access that (but almost certainly won't without you inviting them). -- Jmabel 00:47, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Don Chevrier
Hi. I noticed your Don Chevrier substub orphan article. I guess he's notable for you to start an article? Do you know anything else, such as what country he is from or works in? Does he announce on radio, or television, or in stadiums? Do you know any of sports  he deals with? Cheers, -- Infrogmation 03:49, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your reply. I added to the article and replied to your comment on my talk page. -- Infrogmation 14:48, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)

translation
There is an enormous backlog at Translation into English, more than for all other languages combined. I see you are signed up at Translators_available. Would you be at all interested in taking on one of these articles? (Full disclosure: this is a bit of a "mass mailing", I'm working my way down the whole list of French-to-English translators.) -- Jmabel 00:07, Oct 10, 2004 (UTC)

Quotation
Nice Chris Reeve quote, can you give a source and data for it? -- Netoholic @ 17:10, 2004 Oct 11 (UTC)

Chris Barnes
Why the sudden interest in Chris Barnes?

 * Someone kept blanking his article for some reason and it needed to be fixed. --Vik Reykja ♬ 15:46, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Terry Schiavo
OK. So I reverted too many time. Sorry. But what is the deal here? You and FuelWagon keep deleting my edits. Fuelwagon says that "some" is not a source. I have referenced an article which quotes Dr. Baden remarks concerning Terry's intial collapse yet neither of you say anything about it and simply delete my edits without responding to my referenced material. Talk about POV. Everything I read on Terry's Wikipedia page is seriously slanted to the side of Michael Schiavo. I am just trying to allow the voice in opposition to the courts to be heard on this article. Will you continue aid in its suppression? (unsigned: Gaytan)

 * Terri's name is spelt with an I. If you're going to treat her like some kind of martyr, at least get her name right.
 * "Some say" is a weasel term.
 * You referenced a site that is openly biased and inaccurate. (World Net Daily)
 * The article accurately portrays the rulings of the court (for the most part but we're working on it). As we all know, those rulings were in Michael's favor.
 * I will continue to aid in the suppression of false information.
 * This really belongs on Terri's talk page.
 * →Vik Reykja 21:42, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Terri talk page
Please do not revert my attempts to make the talk page more orderly just because you believe there shouldn't be a picture there. I'd remove the picture but I don't know how to just cut out the graphic. Mike H 09:04, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * Your edits are POV enticing and I will revert them until you learn how to "just cut out the graphic" →Vik Reykja 09:06, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Assume good faith. I was merely using the picture that is in the lead of the article. Mike H 09:09, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm having someone help me make a table, so please don't revert until we've fixed this. Mike H 09:13, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not vandalizing; please just wait a few minutes as a replacement chart is being worked on. I'm trying to help Wikipedia, believe it or not, and your rude attitude is not helping one bit. Mike H 09:18, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * You reverted one of my edits, that's vandalism. I see you are an administrator, so you should know how to edit a page.  As long as I see your "improvements" as POV enticing, I will revert them.  I will not break 3RR but I do consider your sweep reverts as vandalism (and therefore reverting those do not count under 3RR) →Vik Reykja 09:25, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * If it's the "NCdave is a troll" edit, I apologize. I didn't realize I had done that until just a few minutes ago. Mike H 09:47, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * There is now a table without an image. That lasted a whole of 15 minutes. Quite frankly, you could have waited. Mike H 09:20, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * As an administrator, you could have been careful not to revert edits not associated with your cosmetics. →Vik Reykja 09:25, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I'm just moving the archive links to somewhere that looks nicer. I don't feel there's such a big need to actually have the links in the summaries themselves. Sure, I'll wait until I see what your improvements to the layout are. Mike H 09:57, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * I just did something really stupid and lost all my edits. :-( Starting over again →Vik Reykja 09:59, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I'm sorry about that; User:Mindspillage added edit summaries for the other archives. Regarding your "NCdave is a troll" edit, how would you feel about drafting and putting NCdave's conduct on Requests for Comment? I think it's long overdue, considering his disruptive behavior on the Talk and article space. Mike H 10:02, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * Never mind, I already have. You can follow the RFC link to his personal dispute page. Mike H 11:29, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

"Reverting vandalism"
Hello. I just noticed that you reverted a cosmetic change to a talk page with the edit summary "revert vandalism...". Please do not do this again. My edit was clearly not vandalism, was made in good faith, and merely moved the Wikilinks from the archive summary to a smaller box. I did not remove any content from the list whatsoever, I merely repositioned the links. If you continue to revert non-vandalism edits with edit summaries claiming they are vandalism, I am afraid you may well be blocked from editing Wikipedia for this disruptive activity. - Mark 01:46, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't pull rank on me. You reverted my edits which had nothing to do with your cosmetics and (unfortunately) I was in no mood to assume good faith.  For that last part I apologize but I was in no way being disruptive, you were.  Rankism is really ugly and unbecoming of an administrator. If you continue, I am afraid you may well be RFCed for this aggressive behavior. →Vik Reykja 02:26, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Airport template
Hey, I noticed you created the airport template and have been adding it to articles. The WikiProject Airports is already working on an infobox. Please join the dicussion at WikiProject_Airports/infobox. Cheers. Burgundavia 14:23, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the heads up, I should have looked for a wikiproject before I dove into it. I don't have time at this very moment, but I'll soon be joining that project and entering discussions there. I start my flight lessons this Saturday (2005-04-30), can you guess what my home airport will be? :-)  →Vik Reykja 17:23, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Speedy deletion
I suggest you read the Deletion policy again. Redirects are not speedy deletion candidates. Burgundavia 16:55, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, I have read it again. Please explain to me why Watsonville Muni n cipal Airport does not fall under item 4 of Criteria for speedy deletion.  If I am wrong, then I will just list it on Redirects for deletion but I'll wait for your clarification of why that process is necessary in this case. →Vik Reykja 17:18, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The redirect isn't harmful and the airport has a history of being at the typo, which means people may have linked to it for outside WP. Burgundavia 17:56, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * With a history of 13 days? That's ridiculous.  I agree that the redirect isn't harmful, but it is also not useful and should be deleted.  You can go vote "keep" on Redirects for deletion if you'd like. →Vik Reykja 18:13, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

expos/nationals debate
There is a major debate going on, and I wondered if you might want to chime in. The debate involves how to deal with franchise moves in baseball. The question is whether Montréal Expos should be its own article or if it should redirect to Washington Nationals. All other instances of franchise moves in MLB redirect the old team name to the new team name, and the history of the franchise is covered within the new team name (for MLB, NBA and NFL examples, see here. Some people are confused and think the Expos and the Nats are different teams. Some people don't want to upset Canadian readers.

Indeed, the Washington Nationals are not a new team - the Montreal Expos franchise has moved to Washington, and the old franchise name should redirect to the new franchise name, just like the 20+ instances of this occuring in Wikipedia. For example, Brooklyn Dodger history resides in the Los Angeles Dodgers article. New York Giants history, including the Shot Heard 'Round the World, resides in the San Francisco Giants article.

If you have the time, maybe you could chime in on the conversation there, Votes for deletion/Montréal Expos. Kingturtle 21:06, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I would love to add my opinion to the debate. I am deeply honored you asked, as well. →Vik Reykja 21:28, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image:Monterey Peninsula Airport.jpg
Can you provide some source to this image? Cheers. Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 05:59, May 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * I got it from AirNav.com. I didn't see any copyright info, and I don't see anything that would violate US fair use laws, but if I'm wrong please do delete it.  When I get out of my airport's training area I'll take a better picture of it myself.  I think it is okay to use, though. →Vik Reykja 06:04, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Minor League Baseball Template
I am wondering how to add info to it without totally screwing up the format; as you know I have been going through and adding stadium info. User:WillC
 * You just need to edit User:Vikreykja/BaseballStub and instead of putting in actual information, you put in a keyword in triple braces. Then on each page that uses that template, you add the info with the corresponding keyword you used.  Take a look at how I did it and you should figure it out easily enough.
 * Of course, if you're adding info that is not relevant to all teams using the template, then you should have that team's page stop using the template. If you need help doing that let me know. →Vik Reykja 03:37, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Airport on Collaboration of the Week
As grand poobah of WikiProject Airports, I recently listed airport on Collaboration of the Week. This article is about to fall off the page due to lack of votes, beaten by an article on ancient rome. You know what to do Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 22:44, May 13, 2005 (UTC)

admin nomination
I've nominated you for admin -- Requests for adminship/Vikreykja. Kingturtle 04:03, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

abe vigoda
Here is the URL of that sites I had mentioned to you: cheers, Kingturtle 06:32, 16 May 2005 (UTC)
 * http://www.deadoraliveinfo.com/dead.nsf/pages-nf/main
 * Ha! That's great.   →Vik Reykja 14:55, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Minor Leagues, again
I would like to add the stadium capacity and year it opened to the stub. Can you do that so it is uniform throughout? I have done all AAA and AA manually...currently working on Carolina League in A. I'd like to note if the stadia are used for spring training too.

My next project is figuring out how to edit category pages. There seems to be no option to do that. (unsigned: User:WillC)

 * Are you asking me to change the template, or add the info on all the pages? The template appears to be changed already.  Noting that the stadium is used for spring training is a nice idea but it doesn't belong in the template so the template should not be used on those pages.  Either give me a list or I can tell you how to remove the template yourself.  I'm not sure what you mean about category pages. →Vik Reykja 18:17, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
Thank you for helping the Ambition Designs article :). (unsigned by 68.198.20.94)
 * You're welcome. →Vik Reykja 21:26, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

Q Wikipedians
Thanks for the info. It's just one more thing to get involved with, that I don't have time for!  ℬ astique ▼ talk 12:38, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vikreykja/Archive1


text: User talk:63.199.246.200

title: User talk:63.199.246.200


text:
Audio Bullys

Audio Bullys are an English electronic music project, originally consisting of Simon Franks and Tom Dinsdale.

Franks and Dinsdale released their debut album Ego War in 2003, and two years later followed up with Generation, which featured a collaboration with Suggs and keyboardist Mike Barson of Madness on the track "This Road" and a collaboration with Suggs and Madness saxophonist Lee Thompson on the subsequent track "Struck by the Sound". Their 2005 hit "Shot You Down", which sampled the Nancy Sinatra version of the song "Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)", reached number 3 in the UK Singles Chart.

Their third album Higher Than the Eiffel, released on 29 March 2010, featured another collaboration with Suggs and Barson on the track "Twist Me Up", with Suggs' daughter Viva providing backing vocals on the track "Smiling Faces".

In 2006/7, Dinsdale was also a presenter on specialist TV programme CharliiTV, acting as a car mechanic alongside his fellow colleagues Luciana Caporaso,  Samanie Warren, Yasmin Shahmir among their other hosts.

Compilation albums

 * Back to Mine: Audio Bullys (2003)

title: Audio Bullys


text:
Hans-Georg von Friedeburg

Hans-Georg von Friedeburg (15 July 1895 – 23 May 1945) was a German admiral, the deputy commander of the U-boat Forces of Nazi Germany and the second-to-last Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine. He was the only representative of the armed forces to be present at the signing of the German instruments of surrender in Luneburg Heath on 4 May 1945, in Reims on 7 May and in Berlin on 8 May 1945. Von Friedeburg committed suicide shortly afterwards, upon the dissolution of the Flensburg Government.

Early life
Hans-Georg von Friedeburg was born in Strassburg in the German Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine (Elsass-Lothringen), the son of Prussian officer Karl von Friedeburg (1862–1924).

Military career
On 1 April 1914 he joined the Imperial Navy as a Seekadett. After the outbreak of World War I, von Friedeburg, promoted to the rank of Fähnrich zur See (Officer Aspirant) served on the dreadnought SMS Kronprinz and took part in the 1916 Battle of Jutland against the British Royal Navy's Grand Fleet. Elevated to Leutnant zur See, he joined the U-boat forces as naval officer on SMU U-114 from June to November 1918.

A prominent German naval officer of the post-war period, he was appointed Deputy Commander of the German U-boat fleet in September 1941. Overseeing German U-boat training and deployment of the U-boat bases in France, he later organised U-boat picket lines in the mid-Atlantic to find and attack Allied convoys. Promoted to rear admiral in 1942, von Friedeburg assumed command of the German U-boat fleet in February of the following year. He was awarded the Ritterkreuz des Kriegsverdienstkreuzes mit Schwertern on 17 January 1945. He succeeded Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz as Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine when Dönitz became Reich President upon Hitler's suicide (and per Hitler's last will), and was promoted to General admiral on 1 May 1945. In early May 1945, von Friedeburg was ordered by Dönitz to negotiate the surrender to the Western Allied forces. Arriving at Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery's headquarters in Lüneburg, Germany he was informed that an unconditional surrender to all Allied forces was necessary and not negotiable. Upon receiving permission from Dönitz, he signed an instrument of surrender of all German armed forces in the Netherlands, northwest Germany and Denmark on 4 May 1945. On 7 May 1945, he was present at the first signing of the German Instrument of Surrender by General Alfred Jodl in Reims. Von Friedeburg was in Berlin on 8 May 1945 for the second signing of the German Instrument of Surrender. He signed on behalf of the Kriegsmarine, along with Colonel General Hans-Jürgen Stumpff for the Luftwaffe and Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel for the Heer and OKW. Marshal Georgy Zhukov and Air Chief Marshal Arthur William Tedder signed for the Soviet Union and SHAEF respectively.

Death
On 23 May 1945, the same day that members of the Flensburg Government were arrested, von Friedeburg became a prisoner of war of the British Army in Plön, and committed suicide by swallowing poison. His body was buried at Adelby Cemetery near Flensburg.

Personal life
His son Ludwig von Friedeburg (1924–2010) became a sociologist and later a politician, serving from 1969 and 1974 as Minister for Culture in the state of Hesse.

Awards

 * Iron Cross (1914)
 * 2nd Class
 * 1st Class
 * Knight's Cross Second Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion with Swords
 * Knight of the Order of St. John
 * Cross of Honour
 * Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th to 1st Class
 * Spanish Cross in Silver with Swords
 * Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939)
 * 2nd Class
 * 1st Class
 * War Merit Cross with Swords
 * 2nd Class
 * 1st Class
 * German Cross in Silver on 6 June 1942 as Kapitän zur See and 2nd admiral of the U-boats
 * Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross (17 January 1945)

title: Hans-Georg von Friedeburg


text: File:Fake series manga yaoi.jpg

title: File:Fake series manga yaoi.jpg


text:
User talk:DuckyDan2

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Longhair | Talk 05:16, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:DuckyDan2


text:
Talk:Jenny Craig (entrepreneur)

Neutrality
70-year-old corporate whore will need to be updated once a year -- particularly hard to do when we lack a birthdate. That aside, is whore the most suitable term? (And if it is, why?)

reconstructing eating as a guilty pleasure -- what does this actually mean? -- Hoary 05:21, 2005 May 31 (UTC)

hahah that is so not NPOV but soooo funny — Preceding unsigned comment added by 166.44.39.144 (talk) 09:44, 6 July 2005 (UTC)

Does anyone have a picture of Jenny Craig? 24.53.252.190 05:55, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

It's on the page.MP123 23:14, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

I heard she died of anorexia 222.153.93.169 21:51, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

I think we should change the intro back to the original version:

 * The 70-year-old corporate whore was one of the major players in transforming weight loss into a booming industry—a transformation which is widely credited for increasing the American obsession with weight and, paradoxically, increasing American waist lines by reconstructing eating as a guilty pleasure.

Thoughts? — Preceding unsigned comment added by BrownApple (talk • contribs) 06:45, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

well did anyone mention she suffer from a STROKE_ she cant talk right. thats why she doesnt do any comercials. the last time she talked was on a larry king show. and she was really missed up {{subst:unsignedIP|66.98.5.23|02:06, 20 June 2006 (UTC)}

I think we need to change the guru bit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Serenacw (talk • contribs) 01:42, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Dickert?
The second para in the horse-racing section refers to the couple as the "Craig Dickerts". Where does this come from? I can't find any reference to the name Dickert in Google. Rojomoke 09:47, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

Copyright violation
This article contained a lengthy excerpt from Jenny Craig's autobiography, not even properly cited. A large copy of this is a copyright violation and cannot remain. If someone would like to return the information from the excerpt, reworded and properly cited, that would be fine, but it cannot remain as it is. Wildhartlivie (talk) 00:39, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jenny Craig (entrepreneur)


text:
Australian Rail Tram and Bus Industry Union

The Australian Rail Tram and Bus Industry Union (RTBU) is an Australian trade union representing rail, tram and bus workers. The RTBU is affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) and the Australian Labor Party (ALP).

Internationally, the RTBU is affiliated with the International Transport Workers' Federation. It has a membership of 31,223 as at 31 December 2018.

History
The union was formed on 1 March 1993 as the Public Transport Union (PTU) through the amalgamation of four long-standing transport unions: the Australian Railways Union, the Australian Federated Union of Locomotive Employees, the Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees' Association and the National Union of Rail Workers of Australia. The amalgamation effectively created one union for public transport workers for the first time in Australia. It adopted its current name in 1998.

Structure
It is organised into National Divisions, covering Infrastructure; Rail Operations; Tram and Bus; Locomotive; Workshops and Salaried and Professional. There are seven state branches, with the National Office located in Sydney:
 * New South Wales
 * Queensland
 * Western Australia
 * South Australia and Northern Territory
 * Victoria
 * Tasmania


text:
Jin Yuzhang

Jin Yuzhang (, born May 3, 1942), born Aisin-Gioro Yuzhang, is a Chinese civil servant, politician and former nobleman. He is the current head of the House of Aisin-Gioro, the ruling house of the late Qing dynasty.

His father was Manchu nobleman Jin Youzhi, and he is a nephew of Puyi (The Xuantong Emperor), the last emperor of the Qing dynasty of China.

Biography
Jin was born in Beijing on 3 May 1942. His father Prince Puren was the youngest brother of Puyi. Puyi was the last emperor of the Qing dynasty and who later became emperor of Manchukuo, a Japanese puppet state in northeastern China.

Jin was educated at China University of Geosciences. Jin expressed his father's desire for him to avoid the fate of idleness suffered by the privileged nobles of the late Qing dynasty, who were disregarded by society. After graduation he worked at the Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources from 1968 to 1985, before returning to Beijing to work at the Chongwen district Bureau of Environmental Protection.

Jin is not a member of the Chinese Communist Party, but has served on various elected assemblies as a non-partisan member. In 1999, he was elected to the Beijing People's Political Consultative Conference. He retired as vice-director of the Chongwen district government in Beijing in 2008.

Personal life
Jin married an ethnic Han Chinese woman in 1974. The couple has a daughter named Jin Xin (金鑫; b. 1976). Jin's daughter graduated from university with a major in computer science. Born Aisin-Gioro Hengxin, she works for Motorola China Electronics Co. Ltd. She is a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in the Dongcheng District of Beijing, and is also a famous painter.

Honors
In December 2022, Jin won the "Jinghua Concentric Award" as a member of the 13th CPPCC.

Patrilineal descent
This patrilineal line shows that Jin Yuzhang was a descendant of rulers of Qing dynasty and ultimately from Odoli tribe. The patrilineal line traced back to Bukūri Yongšon.

 * 1) Fancha, Million of Woduoli Mansion
 * 2) Huihou
 * 3) Möngke Temür, Chieftain of Jianzhou Jurchens, 1370-1433
 * 4) Cungšan, Chieftain of Jianzhou Jurchens, 1419-1467
 * 5) Sibeoci Fiyanggū, Chieftain of Jianzhou Jurchens, d. 1522
 * 6) Fuman, Chieftain of Jianzhou Jurchens, d. 1542
 * 7) Giocangga, Chieftain of Jianzhou Jurchens, 1526–1583
 * 8) Taksi, Chieftain of Jianzhou Jurchens, 1543-1583
 * 9) Nurhaci, Khan of Later Jin, 1559–1626
 * 10) Hong Taiji, Emperor of Qing Dynasty, 1592–1643
 * 11) Shunzhi, Emperor of Qing Dynasty, 1638–1661
 * 12) Kangxi, Emperor of Qing Dynasty, 1654–1722
 * 13) Yongzheng, Emperor of Qing Dynasty, 1678–1735
 * 14) Qianlong, Emperor of Qing Dynasty, 1711–1799
 * 15) Jiaqing, Emperor of Qing Dynasty, 1760–1820
 * 16) Daoguang, Emperor of Qing Dynasty, 1782–1850
 * 17) Yixuan, Prince Chun of the First Rank, 1840–1891
 * 18) Zaifeng, Prince Regent of Qing Dynasty, 1883–1951
 * 19) Jin Youzhi, 1918–2015
 * 20) Jin Yuzhang, b. 1942

title: Jin Yuzhang


text:
Talk:Latin Kings

Jonathan Rodriguez
I removeded the following:

''You can also identify them as your brother or sister in the struggle. though the neccesities might be different the strugle remains the same. we all face rough conditions that this capitalist and emperialistic society has forced us to be subjected to. we are one people one voice one movement.''

Possibly vandalism. wirtten by [Jonathan] [Jay] [Rodriguez] 05:25, May 31,2005 (UTC)

Jonathan Rodriguez was born in February,15,1992

"The Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation (ALKQN) was started in Chicago, Illinois, during the 1940's by a group of individuals of Puerto Rican descent. Their alleged motivation for forming this group was an attempt at overcoming the prejudices they faced. They wanted to rise above the racism and create an organization of so-called Kings equipped to fight off injustice to better themselves and their communities. Their lives would, thus, be fulfilled. Oddly enough, most of its members were already incarcerated on serious criminal charges. Inevitably, the ALKN became one of Chicago's largest and most violent street gangs."

Why inevitably? They might have formed some wonderful, peace-loving organization instead. Changing it for NPOV.

Sdr 08:35, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * You aren't using logic. The article says that because "most of its members were already incarcerated" the ALKN inevitably (unavoidably) became one of Chicago's largest/violent street gangs. It isn't probable that formerly incarcerated gang members, most likely convicted for violent or serious drug offenses, are going to start a community flower garden. The article is within the scope of acceptable limits. Pipe down. Haizum 02:13, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Stanley "Tookie" Williams renounced his gang affilliation while in jail, so it's not impossible for criminals to change their ways.  Don MEGA 60645 13:23, 22 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh right, after he killed multiple people, and after they gave him a spot on death row. What a hero. Haizum 14:00, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

Why isn't this written like the other gang articles? I know the Lating Kings didn't start as a violnent gang and is trying to stop doing that, but as of present, it IS a violent gang and has not maintained it's positive role it was established to do. Ilikefox34 20:32, 31 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Can you link to an example? i.e., what other gang articles do you mean? LVehko (talk) 07:53, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

Protection
Folks, please discuss the issue. Calling each other vandals and edit warring is not productive, and is making it awfully tempting for me to block you both. Please discuss your rationale. --Nlu (talk) 14:58, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

People Alliance
The latin king streetgang ARE part of the people alliance and one of the main founders of the Ally organization. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Homan05 (talk • contribs) 06:08, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

Correct reference link.
For when this page is no longer protected, the link to footnote 2 ("Gang wars shake Spain's Latin quarter") should be this. Alcarillo (talk) 06:50, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Power
Wasn't there a Latin Kings leader called Power back in the 80s? I used to hear his name all time down in Miami. I've never been in a gang, but his name was always around back then and I think he made the news a couple of time. Don't see his name in the article.

New CIty
PHIlADEPHIA,PA. HOUSTON, TX

 * Latin kings are in hundreds of cities. It's not like we can list them all, nor should we even try. Niteshift36 (talk) 06:55, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

Ecuador - Are they a political movement? I would like to know more. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.147.206.63 (talk) 06:00, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

members of the nyc line had a sizable movement in connecticut in the 90's. it deserves a mention. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 45.49.5.238 (talk) 17:12, 7 May 2015 (UTC)

NEW Race
in the latin kings there are many many of dominicans but there are also some mexicans in the gang and also african american race.

Correctional officer
I would propose that the last sentence in the correctional officer assasination paragraph be stricken as it is speculative in nature without evidence and therefore should not be a point of reference. Pueblonative (talk) 16:47, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

The U.S. is almost 70!
The 1st sentence as it stands right now:

"The Latin Kings are said to be the largest and most organized Hispanic street gang in the United States of America, which has its roots dating back to the 1940s in Chicago, Illinois."

I'm fixing the misplaced modifier. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.18.19.169 (talk) 04:01, 23 August 2009 (UTC)

Allies
I thought Bloods were enemies of Latin Kings.... why are they listed as allies? Nortenos are not really officially allies with Latin Kings either, there is only evidence of them getting along because they both share a common enemy (Surenos). Nothing is cited. Azteca Imperio 20:09, 24 November 2009 (UTC Nortenos and kings have an assist agreement

it sobvious yuh dont knoe anything about the latin king and queen nation. i knoe this becuz i am one and the only reason we are sum type wayt allies with bloods is becuz we share the 5 pointeedd star and we run on the same bloodline

meat loaf story to be removed
This story seems irrelevant and is written using conversational language. If no one has a good argument on why it should stat, i will remove it.--67.86.120.246 (talk) 18:29, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

 * remove it, then 204.15.29.119 (talk) 04:42, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

 * If it was removed, it's back, and it sounds just as ridiculous. Needs a full rewrite. There are only two sources cited, one of which simply says "a skull was found." I don't think any of this is verified information or even very likely (a secret tunnel in the prison? come on...) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.48.0.106 (talk) 21:35, 28 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Removed the two unencyclopedic sections and added "multiple issues" tag. 99.56.185.150 (talk) 11:16, 21 October 2010 (U

THE LATIN KINGS IS NOT ALLIE WITH THE NORTEÑOS... THE LATIN KINGS THEY RUN WITH THE 18TH STREET AT THE NORTH OF CALIFORNIA.....

Alleged Crimes
The entire section about the alleged crimes by Latin King's members should be removed. They have no basis in the article, especially since it has not been proven they were preformed by members of the Latin Kings. Further more, it seems to be vandilism and bragging that could cause problems. —Preceding unsigned comment added by LPSatwork (talk • contribs) 21:27, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

Kingism
who are the "highly intellectual Latin Kings"? There is no validation for this statement and should be removed unless there is a viable source. Will remove if no source is cited —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.24.213.77 (talk) 16:51, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Removed again until a reference can be provided. 99.24.202.119 (talk) 18:39, 27 November 2010 (UTC)

Recent Publicized Crimes
All these "Recent" crimes are over a year old and limited to local Chicago news. Unlike the Federal cases they are hardly notable and should be removed. If there's any justification to keeping these articles please discuss. 99.24.202.119 (talk) 20:36, 26 November 2010 (UTC)

Gang pic to represent Markings section - Keep or delete?
Keep or delete picture for Markings section. Kausticgirl (talk) 01:11, 31 December 2010 (UTC)

Copyright issue: 1997: Operation Lord Gino - copied from Chicago Trib
Most of this section was a cut and paste from an article in the Chicago Trib. I've deleted the section from the article but copied it here in case anyone wants to re-write it to avoid the copyright issues. Kausticgirl (talk) 09:28, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

Operation Lord Gino After spending a quarter century in prison on a murder conviction, Gustavo "Gino" Colon, co-leader of the Latin Kings street gang, was charged with a 25 count indictment. Gang underlings were so sure that Colon would be released that they had already arranged for him to be squired from the Downstate Menard Correctional Center to Chicago in a limousine, according to law enforcement officials. Instead, 24 hours before his release, Colon was awakened by prison officials, who handcuffed him and then escorted him out of the prison, where he was handed over to federal agents. Colon was driven to Chicago in a van under tight security. He and 13 other members and affiliates of the Latin King street gang were charged with running a drug operation that is alleged to have distributed $6 million worth of crack and powder cocaine, marijuana and heroin throughout Chicago between 1995 and 1996.

According to the 25-count indictment, Colon—known as "Lord Gino"--used prison telephones and meetings with visitors at Menard to direct the gang's massive drug operations, including the purchase of cocaine and the wholesale distribution of drugs from an apartment building in the 2400 block of North Kedzie Avenue. The "Sun King", Gustavo Colon was given a "Life Sentence" in federal prison after a two month trial.

Copyright issue: 2009: Operation Augustin Zambrano - copied from Chicago FBI press release
Most of this section was a cut and paste from a press release on the FBI's website. I've deleted the section from the article but copied it here in case anyone wants to re-write it to avoid the copyright issues. 99.56.189.130 (talk) 03:17, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

2009: Operation Augustin Zambrano Augustin Zambrano, alleged to be a "Corona" of the Latin Kings, making him the highest-ranking leader outside of prison and responsible for overseeing the illegal activities of all factions of the powerful Chicago Latin Kings, is among 18 defendants charged in a sweeping new federal indictment against the gang's alleged hierarchy. Zambrano and other alleged leaders of the 26th Street Region of the Latin Kings were charged with racketeering conspiracy for allegedly running a criminal enterprise to enrich themselves and others through drug trafficking and preserving and protecting their power, territory and revenue through acts of murder, attempted murder, assault with a dangerous weapon, extortion, and other acts of violence.[19]

The charges result from a sustained, coordinated investigation by multiple federal law enforcement agencies, working together with the Chicago Police Department and other state and local partners, to dismantle the hierarchy of the Latin Kings and other highly-organized, often violent, drug-trafficking Chicago street gangs.
 * Maybe you aren't aware, but there is no copyright issue. Most federal documents, including FBI press releases, are not copyrighted. I'll take care of restoring it to the article. Niteshift36 (talk) 04:19, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Article organization
I've re-organizaed the article so that it focuses first on what is common to all Latin Kings (i.e. History, Organizational structure, Culture, etc...). Then the article breaks down into three main sub-headings; King Motherland Chicago, Bloodline, and Latin Queens. 99.56.191.221 (talk) 06:30, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

Detailed execution and weight
User:24.12.107.202 has added the following story to the article. I have removed it because it has undue weight to the rest of the article, and is more sensationalized than informative. While I am not disputing the truth of the claims, this is an encyclopedia article not a random collection of facts. Outside of the two sources given I can not find any WP:RS which make mention of the incident. From what I can tell no arrests were made, and the only newspaper report that came of it was the one news article from the local paper.Coffeepusher (talk) 02:10, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

User:Awesomedude1094
Keeps removing huge swaths of information. User:CanadianLinuxUser keeps reverting his changes. Is there any way to ban Awesomedude1094 or his IP from editing this article? 75.39.234.173 (talk) 75.39.234.173 (talk) 14:06, 11 November 2014 (UTC)

Multiple Issues

 * Overview: The last sentence makes no sense. Dominated by what?
 * Culture: "The teams Kings represent"??? What does this even mean? Is this slang? Doesn't make sense.
 * Markings: The first sentence is all a jumble. Should either be separated into a bulleted list or should be separated into separate sentences.

The overall structure of the article is poorly designed. Chicago Kings have a long section for federal investigations. This may need to be it's own article or it's own section. The Bloodline have an extensive detailed history, but no listing of stings against them.

I work with gangs on a pretty regular basis and it definitely seems in places that this article is written by gang members and not written by a third party about the gang. Example: an article about Christianity should not say "Jesus loves you", but should say "Christians believe that Jesus loves everyone."

Over the past few hours I've added a bit of content, done some basic proofing and made some stylistic and formatting corrections. Overall seems like this needs a good deal of work, and considering they're such a giant gang, the article is fairly important, much more so than the Mexikanemi article I've done a great deal of work on.

Timothyjosephwood (talk) 10:43, 3 March 2015 (UTC)

"Ku Klux Klan"
Is there any evidence, at all, that they're actually rivals of the Ku Klux Klan, in any real sense?

In what way would they rival each other? Is the Klan trying to muscle in on their drug distribution territory?

Sounds like made-up bullshit, which is not surprising on this website. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1009:B15F:4C09:78E9:E980:F0C4:58FB (talk) 01:21, 20 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Latin Kings (gang). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111214194554/http://www.justice.gov/ndic/pubs32/32146/appb.htm to http://www.justice.gov/ndic/pubs32/32146/appb.htm
 * Corrected formatting/usage for https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/breaking-news/os-latin-kings-gang-history-20141129-story.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110715114158/http://www2.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109&STORY=%2Fwww%2Fstory%2F09-06-2006%2F0004427820&EDATE= to http://www2.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109&STORY=%2Fwww%2Fstory%2F09-06-2006%2F0004427820&EDATE=
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081219012902/http://www.knowgangs.com/gang_resources/profiles/kings/ to http://www.knowgangs.com/gang_resources/profiles/kings/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090208221030/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=34820 to http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=34820

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:44, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Latin Kings (gang). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141216144905/http://www.ncgangcops.org/Latin_Kings.html to http://www.ncgangcops.org/Latin_Kings.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:24, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 5 January 2019
Please remove the Acronym ALKN from parenthesis, it's ALKQN, and LKN. There is however a writer from Hillsborough, A.L.K.N. check out his book, "Tough City And Love Poetry" nearly as climatic being chased around stalked by local Tampa porn stars. HateQwertyHacks (talk) 16:42, 5 January 2019 (UTC)

 * ❌. This is sourced. –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 19:17, 5 January 2019 (UTC)

Not the oldest
Look up Clanton 14 gang on Wikipedia. Founded 1920 30 years before latin kings yet latin kings is the oldest latino gang according to this page Tonysinclair13g (talk) 06:33, 22 December 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 March 2020
Massachusetts is misspelled as "Massachusettes" in the final sentence of the Massachusetts section of the article ACollier13 (talk) 04:21, 25 March 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ and thanks! John from Idegon (talk) 04:39, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 4 May 2020
i would like to change the allies rivals and cration date of the gang The place where memes die (talk) 06:14, 4 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Full-protection-shackle-no-text.svg Not done: requests for decreases to the page protection level should be directed to the protecting admin or to Requests for page protection if the protecting admin is not active or has declined the request. Edit requests are intended to ask for a specific change to be made, not for requesting access to the article itself. Victor Schmidt (talk) 06:32, 4 May 2020 (UTC)
 * I'd further add that any request for a change must be accompanied by a citation to the reliable secondary sources you paraphrased your proposed content from. We are not interested in anything you just "know". John from Idegon (talk) 07:44, 4 May 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 June 2021
In Elkhart Indiana: Kimberly Dyer is tortured to death by members of the Latin Kings. According to testimony, torture methods included waterboarding, cutting, strangulation, and mutilation. Her body was found in a plastic bin in a marsh outside Constantine, MI. 162.142.0.5 (talk) 10:21, 24 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 11:04, 24 June 2021 (UTC)

Investigations and prosecutions
The Latin Kings are known as one of the most violent gangs in the world, and there is limited presence of the authorities in the areas they typically operate in. The Latin Kings are known to engage in various criminal activities to include assault, burglary, homicide, identity theft, and money laundering. In most places, they are able to openly sell drugs or at the very least have a good running system with little interference. For the Latin Kings, drug trafficking to include heroin, cocaine, marijuana, and opioids, is the primary source of income. The urban communities in which the Latin Kings are present are plagued by gang activity and not enough repercussions to deal with it. Some residents in those communities are “reluctant to help investigators based on more than just fear of gang retaliation as it is also a consequence of their deep distrust of the local police and prosecutors and politicians”. Members of the community are also afraid that they will be targeted by the Latin Kings or even killed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 136.160.90.41 (talk) 13:36, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

Who was the Real Founder of the Latin Kings?
A lot of 2nd hand information and hear say. Did you know the Founder is still alive? His name is Phil Juarbe. Papo King was a self promoting Clown. Ramon Santos would have been 70 this year. If he had started the Kings in 1954 He would have been 2 years old. Papo King became a King around 1971. The official date of it's founding was May 15 1964.. 2 groups came together.... 1 from Leavitt and Schiller the other from Kedzie and Ohio. For your information : Ramon Santos was killed by his own People in 1988. Found shot in his chest placed in the bushes of Humboldt Park. Discovered by a young girl playing in the Park. So the so-called Founder met his demise at the hands of his own People. He had a Pauper Funeral. Maybe it would have been helpful to talk to some of the Original King's. Then you would have gotten it right. King Phil our Founder is still alive. Will turn 76 this month. The Average age of ALL the Original Latin Kings is 75. So if your not 75 or older you weren't a Original King. 2 where older then 17 the rest were 16. Please get the Facts right. 2600:1700:1E80:3280:91AB:574A:1C13:3941 (talk) 19:04, 2 December 2022 (UTC)

Please take the tiny rascals gang off the Latin kings enemy list.this is inaccurate information
this is alphalfa.i want the tiny rascals gang removed from the Latin kings enemy list.thats inacurate information.thank you 2603:8080:F400:5A78:D12A:3F3:BE3B:960B (talk) 16:23, 9 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. M.Bitton (talk) 22:26, 9 March 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 22 March 2023
Ethnicity-Puerto Rican and Mexican Latinos 47.34.93.67 (talk) 22:12, 22 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. M.Bitton (talk) 22:33, 22 March 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 February 2024
Add Nortenos, and nuestra familia as allies Miguelsg831 (talk) 05:44, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Cannolis (talk) 06:40, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * This is a link that provides the information Nortenos have been spreading into other states throughout the US especially in the midwest. There is a set of Nortenos that set up shop in Elkhart Indiana. This set has recently clicked up and allied themselves with the latin kings over there to go against Surenos. It is also a known fact that Nortenos and Latin Kings have a strong alliance in the Federal Prison System.https://www.reddit.com/r/CaliBanging/s/3Ycc3oZCvc Miguelsg831 (talk) 17:35, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * @Cannolis Also Nortenos are the soldiers of the Nuestra Familia they are basically the same thing but they command the nortenos as foot soldiers. The Nortenos(Nuestra Familia) are allies of the People Nation since Nortenos run under the 5 point star which is the symbol of the People Nation. This makes them allies to the Bloods, Latin Kings, Black P Stones, and Vice Lords Miguelsg831 (talk) 17:45, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * See WP:USERGEN, a comment on reddit is not a WP:reliable source. Cannolis (talk) 19:51, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I Know the Nortenos from Elkhart personally since the branch comes from Watsonville, CA where i’m from they told me they joined forces with the latin kings over there. you can look it up yourself Nortenos and Latin Kings have been allies for years because they had to get together in the federal prison system. All i’m trying to do is add Nortenos as allies it’s really not a big deal Miguelsg831 (talk) 21:20, 2 February 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 5 February 2024
Put United Blood Gang in Allies instead of Rivals otherwise the two different pages say different things 2600:6C5E:467F:4B7:25C7:3AE:8DEE:96E9 (talk) 19:38, 5 February 2024 (UTC)

Not done: The cited source on this page does support the rivalry. The cited source on the other page doesn't even MENTION the Latin Kings. So I deleted the reference on the United Blood Gang page, and left this one alone. PianoDan (talk) 21:04, 5 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Latin Kings


text:
Allen Telescope Array

The Allen Telescope Array (ATA), formerly known as the One Hectare Telescope (1hT), is a radio telescope array dedicated to astronomical observations and a simultaneous search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). The array is situated at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory in Shasta County, 290 mi northeast of San Francisco, California.

The project was originally developed as a joint effort between the SETI Institute and the Radio Astronomy Laboratory (RAL) at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), with funds obtained from an initial US$12.5 million donation by the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation and Nathan Myhrvold. The first phase of construction was completed and the ATA finally became operational on 11 October 2007 with 42 antennas (ATA-42), after Paul Allen (co-founder of Microsoft) had pledged an additional $13.5 million to support the construction of the first and second phases.

Although overall Allen has contributed more than $30 million to the project, it has not succeeded in building the 350 6.1 m (20 ft) dishes originally conceived, and the project suffered an operational hiatus due to funding shortfalls between April and August 2011, after which observations resumed. Subsequently, UC Berkeley exited the project, completing divestment in April 2012. The facility is now managed by SRI International (formerly Stanford Research Institute), an independent, nonprofit research institute. As of 2016, the SETI Institute performs observations with the ATA between the hours of 6 pm and 6 am daily.

In August 2014, the installation was threatened by a forest fire in the area and was briefly forced to shut down, but ultimately emerged largely unscathed.

Overview
First conceived by SETI pioneer Frank Drake, the idea has been a dream of the SETI Institute for years. However, it was not until early 2001 that research and development began, after a donation of $11.5 million by the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation. In March 2004, following the successful completion of a three-year research and development phase, the SETI Institute unveiled a three-tier construction plan for the telescope. Construction began immediately, thanks to the pledge of $13.5 million by Paul Allen (co-founder of Microsoft) to support the construction of the first and second phases. The SETI Institute named the telescope in Allen's honor. Overall, Paul Allen contributed more than $30 million to the project.

The ATA is a centimeter-wave array which pioneers the Large-Number Small-Diameter concept of building radio telescopes. Compared to a large dish antenna, large numbers of smaller dishes are cheaper for the same collecting area. To get similar sensitivity, the signals from all telescopes must be combined. This requires high-performance electronics, which had been prohibitively expensive. Due to the declining cost of electronic components, the required electronics became practicable, resulting in a large cost-saving over telescopes of more conventional design. This is informally referred to as "replacing steel with silicon".

The ATA has four primary technical capabilities that make it well suited for a range of scientific investigations: a very wide field of view (2.45° at λ = 21 cm, the wavelength of the hydrogen line), complete instantaneous frequency coverage from 0.5 to 11.2 gigahertz (GHz), multiple simultaneous backends, and active interference mitigation. The area of sky which can be instantaneously imaged is 17 times that obtainable by the Very Large Array telescope. The instantaneous frequency coverage of more than four octaves is unprecedented in radio astronomy, and is the result of a unique feed, input amplifier and signal path design. Active interference mitigation will make it possible to observe even at the frequencies of many terrestrial radio emitters. All-sky surveys are an important part of the science program, and the ATA will have increased efficiency through its ability to conduct extraterrestrial intelligence searches (SETI) and other radio astronomy observations simultaneously. The telescope can do this by splitting the recorded signals in the control room prior to final processing. Simultaneous observations are possible because for SETI, wherever the telescope is pointed, several target stars will lie within the large field of view afforded by the 6 m dishes. By agreement between the UC Berkeley Radio Astronomy Laboratory (RAL) and the SETI Institute, the needs of conventional radio astronomy determined the pointing of the array up until 2012.

The ATA is planned to comprise 350 6 m dishes and will make possible large, deep radio surveys that were not previously feasible. The telescope design incorporates many new features, including hydroformed antenna surfaces, a log-periodic feed covering the entire range of frequencies from 500 megahertz (MHz) to 11.2 GHz, and low-noise, wide-band amplifiers with a flat response over the entire band, thus making it possible to amplify the sky signal directly. This amplified signal, containing the entire received bandwidth, is brought from each antenna to the processing room via optical fiber cables. This means that as electronics improve and wider bandwidths are obtainable, only the central processor needs to change, and not the antennas or feeds.

The instrument was operated and maintained by RAL until development of the array was put on hold in 2011. RAL worked hand in hand with the SETI Institute during design and prototyping and was the primary designer of the feed, antenna surfaces, beamforming, correlator, and imaging system for radio astronomy observations.

The panel for the Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey in its fifth report, Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium (2001), endorsed SETI and recognized the ATA (then called the 1-Hectare Telescope) as an important stepping stone towards the building of the Square Kilometer Array telescope (SKA). The most recent Decadal report recommended ending the US's financial support of the SKA, although US participation in SKA precursors such as MeerKAT, the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array and the Murchison Widefield Array.

Although cost estimates of unbuilt projects are always dubious, and the specifications are not identical (conventional telescopes have lower noise temperature, but the ATA has a larger field of view, for example), the ATA has potential promise as a much cheaper radio telescope technology for a given effective aperture. For example, the amount spent on the first ATA-42 phase, including technology development, is roughly one third of the cost of a new copy of a Deep Space Network 34 m antenna of similar collecting area. Similarly, the estimated total cost of building the remaining 308 dishes was estimated at about $41 million. This is about two times cheaper than the $85 million cost of the last large radio astronomy antenna built in the US, the Green Bank Telescope, of similar collecting area. The contractor filed for a $29 million overrun, but only $4 million of this was allowed.

The ATA aspires to be among the world's largest and fastest observing instruments, and to permit astronomers to search many different target stars simultaneously. If completed as originally envisioned, it will be one of the largest and most powerful telescopes in the world.

History
Since its inception, the ATA has been a development tool for astronomical interferometer technology (specifically, for the Square Kilometer Array).

The ATA was originally planned to be constructed in four stages, ATA-42, ATA-98, ATA-206 and ATA-350, each number representing the number of dishes in the array at a given time. (See Table 1). The ATA is planned to comprise 350 dishes with a diameter of 6 m each.

Regular operations with 42 dishes started on 11 October 2007. Funding for building additional antennas is currently being sought by the SETI Institute from various sources, including the United States Navy, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), National Science Foundation (NSF) and private donors.

Simultaneous astronomical and SETI observations are performed with two 32-input dual polarization imaging correlators. Numerous articles reporting conventional radio astronomy observations have been published.

Three phased array beamformers utilizing the Berkeley Emulation Engine 2 (BEE2) were deployed in June 2007 and have been integrated into the system to allow for simultaneous astronomical and SETI observations. As of April 2008, the first pulsar observations were conducted using the beamformer and a purpose-built pulsar spectrometer.

The workhorse SETI search system (SETI on ATA or SonATA) performs fully automated SETI observations. SonATA follows up on detected signals in real time and continues to track them until 1) the signal is shown to have been generated on Earth or rarely, 2) the source sets, which triggers follow up the next day. As of 2016, more than two hundred million signals have been followed up and classified using the ATA. Not one of these signals had all the characteristics expected for an ETI signal. The results of SETI Institute's observations are published in a number of papers.

In April 2011, the ATA was put into hibernation owing to funding shortfalls, meaning that it was no longer available for use. Operation of the ATA resumed on 5 December 2011. Efforts are now led by Andrew Siemion.

Status
In 2012, the ATA was funded by a $3.6 million philanthropic donation by Franklin Antonio, cofounder and Chief Scientist of Qualcomm Incorporated. This gift supports upgrades of all the receivers on the ATA dishes to have dramatically greater sensitivity (2 − 10× from 1–8 GHz) than before and support sensitive observations over a wider frequency range, from 1–15 GHz, when initially the radio frequency electronics went to only 11 GHz. By July 2016, the first ten of these receivers had been installed and proven. Full installation on all 42 antennas is planned.

In November 2015, the ATA studied the anomalous star KIC 8462852, and in autumn 2017 the Allen Telescope Array examined the interstellar asteroid  'Oumuamua for signs of technology, but detected no unusual radio emissions.

Key science goals
The science goals listed below represent the most important projects to be conducted with the ATA. Each of these goals is associated with one of the four stages of development mentioned earlier. (See Table 1). Also listed is some of the science that it is hoped each will produce.

 * Determine the hydrogen line (HI) content of galaxies out to z ~ 0.2 over 3π steradians, in order to measure how much intergalactic gas external galaxies are accreting; to search for dark, starless galaxies; to lay the foundation for dark energy detection by the Square Kilometer Array.
 * Classify 250,000 extra-galactic radio sources as active galactic nuclei or starburst galaxies, in order to probe and quantify star formation in the Local Universe; to identify high redshift objects; to probe large-scale structure in the Universe; to identify gravitational lens candidates for dark matter and dark energy detection.
 * Explore the transient sky, in order to probe accretion onto black holes; to find orphan gamma ray burst afterglows; to discover new and unknown transient phenomena.
 * Survey 1,000,000 stars for SETI-related emission with enough sensitivity to detect an Arecibo radar out to 300 parsecs within the range of 1–10 GHz.
 * Survey the 4×1010 stars of the inner galactic plane from 1.42–1.72 GHz for very powerful transmitters.
 * Measure the magnetic fields in the Milky Way and other Local Group galaxies, in order to probe the role of magnetic fields in star formation and galaxy formation and evolution.
 * Detect the gravitational wave background from massive black holes through pulsar timing.
 * Measure molecular cloud and star formation properties using new molecular tracers, in order to map star formation conditions on the scale of entire giant molecular clouds (GMCs); to determine the metallicity gradient of the Milky Way.

Opportunistic science
Since construction of the array began, a few science goals not specifically drawn up for it have been suggested.

For example, the Allen Telescope Array has offered to provide the mooncast data downlink for any contestants in the Google Lunar X Prize. This is practical, since the array, with no modifications, covers the main space communications bands (S-band and X-band). A telemetry decoder would be the only needed addition.

Also, the ATA was mentioned as a candidate for searching for a new type of radio transient. It is an excellent choice for this owing to its large field of view and wide instantaneous bandwidth. Following this suggestion, Andrew Siemion and an international team of astronomers and engineers developed an instrument called "Fly's Eye" that allowed the ATA to search for bright radio transients, and observations were carried out between February and April 2008.

Instruments

The ATA-42 configuration will provide a maximum baseline of 300 m (and ultimately for the ATA-350, 900 m). A cooled log-periodic feed on each antenna is designed to provide a system temperature of ~45K from 1–10 GHz, with reduced sensitivity in the ranges of 0.5–1.0 GHz and 10–11.2 GHz. Four separate frequency tunings (IFs) are available to produce 4 x 672 MHz intermediate frequency bands. Two IFs support correlators for imaging; two will support SETI observing. All tunings can produce four dual polarization phased array beams which can be independently pointed within the primary beam and can be used with a variety of detectors. The ATA can therefore synthesize up to 32 phased array beams.

The wide field of view of the ATA gives it an unparalleled capability for large surveys (Fig. 4). The time required for mapping a large area to a given sensitivity is proportional to (ND)2, where N is the number of elements and D is the diameter of the dish. This leads to the surprising result that a large array of small dishes can outperform an array with a smaller number of elements but considerably greater collecting area in the task of large surveys. As a consequence, even the ATA-42 is competitive with much larger telescopes in its capability for both brightness temperature and point source surveys. For point source surveys, the ATA-42 is comparable in speed to Arecibo and the Green Bank Telescope (GBT), but three times slower than the Very Large Array (VLA). The ATA-350, on the other hand, will be one order of magnitude faster than the Very Large Array for point source surveys, and is comparable to the Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) in survey speed. For surveys up to a specified brightness temperature sensitivity, the ATA-98 will exceed the survey speed of even the VLA-D configuration. The ATA-206 should match the brightness temperature sensitivity of Arecibo and the GBT. The ATA, however, provides better resolution than either of these single-dish telescopes.

The antennas for the ATA are 6.1 x 7.0 meters (20.0 ft x 23.0 ft) hydroformed offset Gregorian telescopes, each with a 2.4 meter sub-reflector with an effective focal length/diameter (f/D) ratio of 0.65. (See DeBoer, 2001). The offset geometry eliminates blockage, which increases efficiency and decreases the side lobes. It also allows for the large sub-reflector, providing good low frequency performance. The hydroforming technology used to make these surfaces is the same as that used by Andersen Manufacturing of Idaho Falls, Idaho to generate low-cost satellite reflectors. The unique interior frame rim-supported compact mount allows excellent performance at low cost. The drive system employs a spring-loaded passive anti-backlash azimuth drive train. Most components designed by Matthew Fleming and manufactured at Minex Engineering Corp. in Antioch, CA.

Data management
As with other arrays, the huge amount of incoming sensory information requires real-time array processing capability in order to reduce data volume for storage. For ATA-256, the average data rates and total data volume for the correlator are estimated to be 100 Mbyte/s and 15 Pbytes for the five-year survey period. Experiments such as transient surveys will exceed this rate significantly. The beamformers produce data at a much higher rate (8 gigabytes per second (Gb/s)) but only a very small fraction of this data is archived. In 2009, the signal detection hardware and software was called Prelude, which was composed of rack-mounted PCs augmented by two custom accelerator cards based on digital signal processing (DSP) and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chips. Each Programmable Detection Module (one of 28 PCs) can analyze 2 MHz of dual-polarization input data to generate spectra with spectral resolution of 0.7 Hz and time samples of 1.4 seconds.

In 2009, the array had a 40 Mbit/s internet connection, adequate for remote access and transferring of data products for ATA-256. An upgrade to 40 Gbit/s was planned, which would enable direct distribution of raw data for offsite computing.

Computational complexity and requirement
Like other array systems the ATA has a computational complexity and cross-connect which scales as O(N2) with the number of antennas $$N$$. The computation requirement, for example, for correlating the full ATA bandwidth ($$B$$ = 11 GHz) for the proposed $$N$$ = 350 dual-polarization antenna build-out, using an efficient frequency-multiply (FX) architecture and a modest 500 kHz channel width (with number of channels $$F$$ = 2200), is given by:

$$2B \langle N \log_2(F)(10 OPs)+(N \frac{N +1}{2})\times 4(8 OPs) \rangle$$ = 44 Peta-OPs per second

where $$Ops$$ is an operation. Note that since each dish has a dual polarization antenna, each signal sample is actually a two data set, hence $$2B$$.

title: Allen Telescope Array