text:
Tsuki no Misaki

Tsuki no Misaki (月の岬 or 月の見崎), meaning "Headland of the Moon", was a name formerly in use for part of a plateau in Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. One explanation of the name is that it was considered a particularly good place to view the moon over what is now Tokyo Bay.

In the Edo period, it was well known as one of seven capes (七崎 Nanasaki) around the Edo area, the other six being Shiomizaki (潮見崎), Sodegazaki (袖が崎), Ōsaki (大崎), Kōranzaki (荒蘭崎), Chiyogasaki (千代が崎) and Chōnangasaki (長南が崎).

The name had become obsolete by the middle or late Meiji period, when references were made to the loss of the view due to new buildings.

Akimoto Chūnagon (秋元中納言) composed a tanka on Tsuki no Misaki:

There are some origin candidates for it, which might be originated from admiration of nice view including the moon:
 * Tokugawa Ieyasu named it in Keichō era;
 * it was a nearby place of a notice board set up at Mitadaicho (三田台町) 1-chome;
 * formerly it was a name of the premises of Isarago (伊皿子), Daienji (大円寺), and then it was used for a neighborhood area.
 * it was a generic name of Saikai-ji.

Hiroshige
Japanese artist Hiroshige designed a couple of prints of the moon seen over the bay from within a tea-house or brothel on Tsuki no Misaki. Some doubt has been expressed as to whether these prints depict this location, or one at Yatsuyama (八つ山) in Shinagawa, but Yatsuyama was leveled and its soil was used to construct Daiba in the late Edo period.

title: Tsuki no Misaki


text: Category:Years in Poland

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Years in Poland


text:
East Angus (UK Parliament constituency)

Angus East was a Scottish county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1983 until 1997, when it was replaced largely by Angus with smaller proportions moving to Tayside North, Dundee East and Dundee West. Between 1950 and 1983, the area had been represented by the North Angus & Mearns and South Angus constituencies.

It elected one Member of Parliament (MP), using the first-past-the-post voting system.

Boundaries
The Angus District electoral divisions of Aberbrothock, Arbroath Elliot, Arbroath St Vigeans, Brechin, Carnoustie, Eastern Glens, Montrose Lunan, and Montrose Northesk, and the City of Dundee District electoral divisions of Monifieth and Sidlaw.

title: East Angus (UK Parliament constituency)


text:
South Angus (UK Parliament constituency)

South Angus was a county constituency in Scotland, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1950 to 1983.

Boundaries
The burghs of Arbroath, Carnoustie, Forfar, Kirriemuir, and Monifieth, and the districts of Carnoustie, Forfar, Kirriemuir, and Monifieth.


text:
William La Follette

William Leroy La Follette (November 30, 1860 – December 20, 1934) was a four-term member of the United States House of Representatives representing Washington. He represented the 3rd District from 1911 to 1915, and the 4th District from 1915 to 1919. La Follette was a member of the prominent La Follette family.

Early life and education
William Leroy La Follette was born in Thorntown, Indiana, on November 30, 1860. In 1854 William's father, Harvey LaFollette, was just 22 years old and newly married. He moved from Indiana to Primrose, Wisconsin to join his older brother Josiah (15 years his senior) in a farming venture. The LaFollettes had lived in the Knob Creek area of Kentucky for a generation before William's grandfather, Jesse LaFollette relocated his entire family to Putnam County, Indiana in order to leave land title and slavery issues behind him.

William's brother, Harvey Marion LaFollette, and his cousin, Robert M. La Follette, Sr., were both born in Primrose in log cabins built by the two LaFollette brothers. After Josiah's premature death from diabetes, William's father returned to Indiana, settling near other LaFollette relatives where he continued farming and built a flour mill. William's birth took place shortly after his family's arrived in Thorntown, Indiana late in 1860. For five years additional siblings arrived and his family grew and prospered. Tragedy struck in 1865 when his father was killed in an industrial accident at the mill. William worked on the farm, clerked in a store, learned the jewelry business, and attended the local normal (public) schools.

William and his older brother, Harvey, both left their Indiana home in 1876. Harvey travelled to Europe to continue his studies in Paris. The sixteen-year-old William headed west to the Washington Territory and took up farming in Whitman County, an area in the Palouse that had been off limits to settlers since the Indian Wars of the 1850s. Too young to qualify for land under the Homestead Act, he returned to Indiana where he took some business courses at Central Indiana Normal College (later Canterbury College (Indiana).

Business career
He returned to the Palouse after these studies, staked his claim and began farming. He engaged in agricultural pursuits (mainly wheat), stock raising, and fruit growing. Later, he was extensively engaged as an orchardist at Wawawai on the Snake River, having purchased some 375 ac from his father-in-law, John Tabor (one of the founders of Whitman County) who had been among the first settlers to bring apples to the region.

He added to these fruit holdings, expanded his crops, built an aerial tramway to transfer the fruit across river to access the new railroad, created a sawmill to make the wooden boxes for shipping, and was responsible for making Wawawai the largest shipping point for fruit along the Snake River.

He shipped many vegetables and hogs as well as fruit and, by the early 1900s, his land holdings along the river exceeded 1000 ac. In order to educate his family, La Follette built a large home in Pullman to be near Washington State College. He sold a large portion of his fruit holdings and entered the world of national politics.

Public service and politics
La Follette was a member of the World's Fair Commission and had charge of the Washington State building at the Chicago Exposition in 1893. He served as a member of the State House of Representatives from 1899 to 1901. He also served on the School Board and was an active member of the Grange. He was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-second and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1911 to March 3, 1919). He was active on the House Committee on Public Lands and engaged deeply in land use and water issues. His policy interests reached far beyond the region he represented in the Pacific Northwest. He fought for the passage of bills that brought water to San Francisco and the creation of the National Park Service. He joined with his cousin, Robert M. La Follette in opposing President Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy decisions, and like his cousin voted against declaring war on Germany. For much of the time he was in Congress, the two LaFollette families shared a large house that he had purchased in Mount Pleasant, Washington D.C. The house became a center for debate and discussions of the great issues of the day as a steady stream of politicians, policy makers, academics, artists and labor and business leaders debated late into the night. In 1918 he ran unsuccessfully for renomination in the Republican primary.

Later years
After leaving elected office La Follette resided in Spokane, Washington from 1920 to 1923 and in Princess Anne, Maryland from 1924 to 1925.After the failed presidential bid and death of his cousin Robert, William La Follette returned permanently to the Palouse.

He moved to Colfax, Washington in 1927 and resumed his former business activities.

Death
Both he and his wife, Mary Tabor, died in 1934.

Family
He was a member of the politically prominent La Follette family. His son, William Leroy "Roy" LaFollette Jr., served for many years as Prosecuting Attorney for Whitman County (1922–1930, and again during World War II). He successfully ran for his father's old seat in the Washington House of Representatives in 1939, but was defeated in 1942 in a bid for Congress. One of his daughters, Suzanne La Follette, became a noted libertarian journalist. She helped to found The Freeman and National Review magazines. Another son, Chester La Follette, was a painter whose portrait of his father's first cousin, U.S. Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin, hangs in the United States Capitol.

William La Follette Sr.'s brother, Harvey Marion LaFollette, served as Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction before moving to Tennessee, where he founded the city of LaFollette, Tennessee.

title: William La Follette


text:
Sheffield, Tasmania

Sheffield is a town 23 km inland from Devonport, a city on the north-west coast of Tasmania. Sheffield has long been the rural hub for the Mount Roland area. The Sheffield area is well known for its high quality butterfat production via dairy farming. The district is also suitable for lamb and beef production. The town of Railton is nearby. At the, Sheffield had a population of 1,602.

History
Sheffield was one of the many early townships settled in 1859. The town was named by Edward Curr after his home town in South Yorkshire, England. Kentishbury Post Office opened on 1 November 1862 and was renamed Sheffield in 1882.

The area grew slowly, but the commencement of the Mersey-Forth Power Development Scheme in 1963 saw the town grow dramatically. The completion of the power scheme –- seven dams and seven power stations –- in 1973 saw the town's population decline.

Town of Murals
Sheffield's revival as the "Town of Murals" began as a bid by a small group of residents determined to save their town. Inspired by the story of Chemainus, a small Canadian town that had through mural art, rescued itself from ruin, the Kentish Association for Tourism (KAT) worked on the vision to combine the arts and tourism to revive and reinvent the town of Sheffield.

Sheffield has become a major tourist attraction due to it being promoted for its murals, based upon the instrumental contributions of the Kentish Association for Tourism (currently known as Sheffield Inc) and local tourism pioneer Brian Inder.

The first town mural was painted in Sheffield in December 1986. Since then over 60 murals depicting the area's rich history and beautiful natural scenery have been painted on walls throughout the town and buildings along the roadside. The murals attract an estimated 200,000 people to the town annually.

A number of studios are open to the public where visitors can watch the artists work. There are artists of many disciplines, including photography, fine art, glass, woodcraft, pottery, ceramics and specialised crafts.

The International Mural Fest art competition has been held annually since 2003 and returns in April each year. A poem is selected, which the artists use as their inspiration. After each competition the nine finalist murals remain on display at Mural Park until the next competition. In 2012, an interactive mural and workshops were added to the artistic activities of the festival for the Mural Fest 10th anniversary celebrations.

Tasmanian Medieval Festival
Sheffield hosts the annual two-day Tasmanian Medieval Festival every October. The festival includes sword fighting, fencing, archery, jousting and demonstrations of working cannons and trebuchets. The festival has grown in popularity since its inception, with 4000 people attending the event in 2018.

Natural attractions
There are many natural attractions in the Sheffield area.

Mount Roland
Mount Roland is the backdrop of the Sheffield township rising 1234 metres above sea level.

Mount Roland Conservation Area and Regional Reserve The reserve consists of 7600 hectares surrounding the range. A number of well marked bushwalks provide a day's exercise. There are walking tracks from Claude Road and Gowrie Park to the summit. The walk includes the plains and plateau leading to the peak. There are two tracks to the summit, which provide 360-degree views to Bass Strait, Cradle Mountain and Barn Bluff.

Lake Barrington
Lake Barrington is known as an international standard rowing venue and the site of the 1990 World Rowing Championships. It was created in 1969 by building the Devils Gate Dam on the Forth River.

The lake is a popular water ski location with access via West Kentish and Wilmot. There are two water ski clubs based at Lake Barrington: Kentish Aquatic Club and Horsehead Water Ski Club.

The lake is also used for canoeing and trout fishing. There is an adventure playground and a two-hour rainforest walk. Facilities for visitors include picnic sites, boat ramps and toilets.

Devils Gate Dam
The Devils Gate Dam has an overhanging crest that allows flood water to freefall to the river bed, with up to 2000 tonnes of water falling per second during an extreme flood.

It is one of the thinnest concrete arch dams in the world. It was completed by the Hydro-Electric Commission in 1969 and is 84 metres high. The narrowness of the gorge and the computer-aided design of its double-curvature shape enabled engineers to minimise the volume of concrete and hence the cost of the dam. Flood waters falling freely from the crest strike concrete slabs carefully positioned on the abutments to prevent undermining of the dam by erosion.

Lake Cethana
The walk starts at the junction just before turning into the Lemonthyme Lodge. The walk takes about two hours and allows visitors to observe the varieties of vegetation of the area. After crossing two areas of cleared land the track crosses a fern gully, beyond which there is more forest until the track terminates in the backwater of the lake. This walk is graded as hard because the return trip is a long haul uphill.

Kimberley Warm Springs
Kimberley Warm Springs are a geothermal feature and semi-developed visitor site located in the town of Kimberley. The micro climate created by the warm springs creates a unique habitat.

Gowrie Park
The small town of Gowrie Park is located 16 kilometres south of Sheffield. It is a starting point for walkers climbing Mount Roland. The town has a history as a Hydro construction village.

Cradle Mountain
Cradle Mountain is approximately one hour's drive south-west of the township. The mountain is accessible from the northern end of the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. There are numerous walks available, ranging from short to multi-day.

Hydro control centre
All of the West Coast, Mersey Forth, Derwent and other Hydro Hydro Tasmania power stations are remotely controlled from the Hydro control centre in Hobart.

Awards
Sheffield won the Australian Tidy Town Award in 2014.

title: Sheffield, Tasmania


text:
Angus North and Mearns

Angus North and Mearns may refer to:
 * Angus North and Mearns (Scottish Parliament constituency), 2011–present
 * North Angus and Mearns (UK Parliament constituency), 1950–1983

title: Angus North and Mearns


text:
Elwood Buchanan

Elwood C. Buchanan, Sr (1907-1990) was an American jazz trumpeter and teacher who became an early mentor of Miles Davis.

Buchanan was born in St Louis, Missouri on January 26, 1907, and was trained in music by Joseph Gustat, the principal trumpeter with the St Louis Symphony Orchestra. He began his career playing in local dance bands, including Andy Kirk's orchestra, and on the riverboats that travelled on the Mississippi River between St Louis and New Orleans. During the late 1930s and early 1940s, he taught music and directed the band at Lincoln High School in East St Louis, and also visited the local elementary schools to give weekly lessons. Buchanan was known for his strict and demanding teaching style, and for encouraging pupils to compete with one another.

Buchanan was a patient of Miles Davis's father, who told him of his son's interest in music. Although Davis, at thirteen, was then too young to attend Buchanan's school, Buchanan began giving him private lessons. Davis joined the school band when he began attending Lincoln. Although Buchanan had the band play mainly marches rather than jazz, the techniques he taught profoundly affected Davis' jazz style. In particular, Buchanan went against the times by recommending to his students that they play without vibrato, and is said to have broken Davis of the habit by rapping his knuckles with a ruler and commanding: "Stop shakin' that note. You're going to shake enough when you get old". Buchanan also encouraged Davis to study the lean, relaxed playing of Bobby Hackett (then little known beyond the East Coast) and Harold Shorty Baker. In this, too, Buchanan went against fashion; the most popular trumpeter of the day was Louis Armstrong, whose hot playing style was very different from those of Hackett or Baker.

Davis later credited Buchanan with persuading his parents to buy him a new trumpet, rather than a violin as his mother had preferred. Buchanan also introduced Davis to Clark Terry, who would become his recording partner.

In his autobiography, Davis recalled: "Mr. Buchanan was the biggest influence on my life up until then. He was definitely the person who took me all the way into music at that time."

title: Elwood Buchanan


text:
Talk:William La Follette

Untitled
I hereby release my edits to this page through this date into the public domain. This article is based on the public domain Congressional Bio Guide, so the whole thing is currently public domain. - Nat Krause 10:29, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Confusion
This is confusing:

".....then to the Willamette Valley of Oregon, to the Palouse country...."

It makes it seem as though the Palouse is in the Willamtte Valley.

WikiDon 21:08, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

"La Follette was born in Thorntown, Indiana, near Shammondale, Boone County, Indiana."

This comes straight from the Congressional Bio, but it's confusing and probably inaccurate. First of all, there's a town called Shannondale right on the Boone County/Montgomery County line, but no "Shammondale" anywhere in Indiana. At present, there is a LaFollette farm in Boone County between Shannondale and Dover which has been in family hands since the 1830s. Thorntown is the closest town of any size. It's likely that he was born on the farm and went to school in Thorntown.

I went ahead and made a slight edit to correct the parts that are obviously wrong. It would be good to do a little research and determine where the Congressman was actually born (and see about getting it corrected in his Congressional biography, too.)

External links modified
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title: Talk:William La Follette


text:
Angus South

Angus South may refer to:
 * Angus South (Scottish Parliament constituency), 2011–present
 * South Angus (UK Parliament constituency), 1950–1983

title: Angus South


text:
Typhonium

Typhonium is a genus in the family Araceae native to eastern and southern Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. It is most often found growing in wooded areas.

 * Species
 * 1) Typhonium acetosella Gagnep. - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
 * 2) Typhonium adnatum Hett. & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 3) Typhonium albidinervium C.Z.Tang & H.Li - Guangdong, Hainan, Laos, Thailand
 * 4) Typhonium albispathum Bogner - Thailand
 * 5) Typhonium alismifolium F.Muell. - Queensland, Northern Territory
 * 6) Typhonium angustilobum F.Muell. - Queensland, New Guinea
 * 7) Typhonium bachmaense V.D.Nguyen & Hett. - Vietnam
 * 8) Typhonium baoshanense Z.L.Dao & H.Li - Yunnan
 * 9) Typhonium blumei Nicolson & Sivad. - Japan, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, much of China, Bangladesh, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; naturalized in Madagascar, Mauritius, Comoros, Borneo, Philippines, West Indies
 * 10) Typhonium bognerianum J.Murata & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 11) Typhonium brownii Schott - Queensland, New South Wales
 * 12) Typhonium bulbiferum Dalzell - southern India
 * 13) Typhonium circinnatum Hett. & J.Mood - Vietnam
 * 14) Typhonium cochleare A.Hay - Northern Territory of Australia
 * 15) Typhonium cordifolium S.Y.Hu - Thailand
 * 16) Typhonium digitatum Hett. & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 17) Typhonium echinulatum Hett. & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 18) Typhonium eliosurum (F.Muell. ex Benth.) O.D.Evans - New South Wales
 * 19) Typhonium filiforme Ridl. - Thailand, Malaysia
 * 20) Typhonium flagelliforme (G.Lodd.) Blume - Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Territory
 * 21) Typhonium fultum Ridl. - Thailand, Malaysia
 * 22) Typhonium gagnepainii J.Murata & Sookch. - Thailand, Cambodia
 * 23) Typhonium gallowayi Hett. & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 24) Typhonium glaucum Hett. & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 25) Typhonium griseum Hett. & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 26) Typhonium hayatae Sriboonma & J.Murata - Vietnam
 * 27) Typhonium huense Nguyen & Croat - Vietnam
 * 28) Typhonium hunanense H.Li & Z.Q.Liu - Hunan
 * 29) Typhonium inopinatum Prain - India, Myanmar, Thailand
 * 30) Typhonium jinpingense Z.L.Wang, H.Li & F.H.Bian - Yunnan
 * 31) Typhonium johnsonianum A.Hay & S.M.Taylor - Northern Territory of Australia
 * 32) Typhonium jonesii A.Hay - Northern Territory of Australia
 * 33) Typhonium laoticum Gagnep. - Thailand, Laos
 * 34) Typhonium liliifolium F.Muell. ex Schott - Northern Territory, Western Australia
 * 35) Typhonium lineare Hett. & V.D.Nguyen - Vietnam
 * 36) Typhonium listeri Prain - Assam, Bangladesh, Myanmar
 * 37) Typhonium medusae Hett. & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 38) Typhonium mirabile (A.Hay) A.Hay - Melville Island of Australia
 * 39) Typhonium neogracile J.Murata - Assam, Bangladesh, Myanmar
 * 40) Typhonium nudibaccatum A.Hay - Western Australia
 * 41) Typhonium orbifolium Hett. & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 42) Typhonium pedatisectum Gage - Myanmar
 * 43) Typhonium pedunculatum Hett. & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 44) Typhonium peltandroides A.Hay, M.D.Barrett & R.L.Barrett - Western Australia
 * 45) Typhonium penicillatum V.D.Nguyen & Hett. - Vietnam
 * 46) Typhonium pottingeri Prain - Myanmar
 * 47) Typhonium praecox J.Murata - Myanmar
 * 48) Typhonium praetermissum A.Hay - Northern Territory of Australia
 * 49) Typhonium pusillum Sookch., V.D.Nguyen & Hett. - Thailand
 * 50) Typhonium reflexum Hett. & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 51) Typhonium roxburghii Schott - Taiwan, Yunnan, Bonin Islands, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, western Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea; naturalized in Western Australia, eastern Brazil, Tanzania
 * 52) Typhonium russell-smithii A.Hay - Northern Territory of Australia
 * 53) Typhonium sagittariifolium Gagnep. - Thailand
 * 54) Typhonium saraburiensis Sookch., Hett. & J.Murata - Thailand
 * 55) Typhonium sinhabaedyae Hett. & A.Galloway - Thailand
 * 56) Typhonium smitinandii Sookch. & J.Murata - Thailand
 * 57) Typhonium stigmatilobatum V.D.Nguyen - Vietnam
 * 58) Typhonium subglobosum Hett. & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 59) Typhonium taylorii A.Hay - Northern Territory of Australia
 * 60) Typhonium trifoliatum F.T.Wang & H.S.Lo ex H.Li, Y.Shiao & S.L.Tseng - Mongolia, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi
 * 61) Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott - southern China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina; naturalized in Windward Islands, Ivory Coast, Borneo, Philippines
 * 62) Typhonium tubispathum Hett. & A.Galloway - Thailand
 * 63) Typhonium varians Hett. & Sookch. - Thailand
 * 64) Typhonium vermiforme V.D.Nguyen & Croat - Vietnam
 * 65) Typhonium violifolium Gagnep . - Myanmar, Thailand
 * 66) Typhonium watanabei J.Murata, Sookch. & Hett. - Thailand
 * 67) Typhonium weipanum A.Hay - Queensland
 * 68) Typhonium wilbertii A.Hay - Queensland

title: Typhonium


text:
George Blakley

George Robert (Bob) Blakley Jr. was an American cryptographer and a professor of mathematics at Texas A&M University, best known for inventing a secret sharing scheme in 1979 (see ).

Biography
Blakley did his undergraduate studies in physics at Georgetown University, and received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Maryland in 1960. After postdoctoral studies at Cornell University and Harvard University, he held faculty positions at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and the State University of New York at Buffalo before joining Texas A&M in 1970. At Texas A&M, he was chairman of the mathematics department from 1970 to 1978.

Blakley served on the board of directors of the International Association for Cryptologic Research from 1993 to 1995. He co-founded the International Journal of Information Security, published by Springer-Verlag, in 2000, and then served on its advisory board.

His son, George Robert (Bob) Blakley III, is also a computer security researcher.

Secret-sharing scheme
In order to split a secret into several shares, Blakley's scheme specifies the secret as a point in n-dimensional space, and gives out shares that correspond to hyperplanes that intersect the secret point. Any n such hyperplanes will specify the point, while fewer than n hyperplanes will leave at least one degree of freedom, and thus leave the point unspecified.

In contrast, Shamir's secret sharing scheme represents the secret as the y-intercept of an n-degree polynomial, and shares correspond to points on the polynomial.

Awards and honors
In 2001 Blakley received an honorary doctorate from Queensland University of Technology.

In 2009 he was named a fellow of the International Association for Cryptologic Research.

title: George Blakley


text: User talk:71.106.100.141

title: User talk:71.106.100.141


text:
Lahash International

Lahash International is a Christian organization working in East Africa. Lahash works to help vulnerable children in communities affected by war, disease, and corruption. The work is accomplished through partnerships with existing East African churches and ministries that have a vision for serving vulnerable kids in a holistic manner. Lahash currently sponsors 450 children in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Rwanda.

Child Sponsorship is the primary method of securing long-term international support for the work in East Africa. An office in Portland, Oregon is the headquarters of the organization. The ministry has also created a month-long experiential event called Rice & Beans Month. This month offers an opportunity to the international community to pare back meal budgets for a month in order to share savings with people in East Africa who are facing nutritional shortages.

A book was written in 2011 by Lyla Peterson about the journey of the organization and the partnership with Susan Tabia and her ministry in South Sudan and Uganda to the Sudanese.

History
Lahash was founded by Daniel Holcomb and several friends in 2005. A few years earlier, in 2002, Daniel had visited Northern Uganda and encountered the Amazing Grace Children's Home. The South Sudanese at the home asked Daniel if he would partner with them in their work of serving vulnerable refugee children. He agreed and began to partner with several additional ministries across East Africa.

Over the years Lahash has served many disadvantaged communities. For several years the organization partnered with Mama Margaret Nyabuto at the Tenderfeet School.

Servant Team Program
Lahash facilitates a discipleship and service program each year called Servant Teams. While participating in the program, several young adults enter into a time of classroom learning, serving Portland, Oregon neighborhoods and churches, and serving in East Africa with the ministries that Lahash partners with.

title: Lahash International


text: File:Ms europa1993-01.jpg

title: File:Ms europa1993-01.jpg


text: User talk:85.164.8.126

title: User talk:85.164.8.126


text:
Coele-Syria

Coele-Syria (, Κοίλη Συρία, Koílē Syría, 'Hollow Syria') was a region of Syria in classical antiquity. The term originally referred to the "hollow" Beqaa Valley between the Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon mountain ranges, but sometimes it was applied to a broader area of the region of Syria. The area is now part of modern-day Syria and Lebanon.

Name
It is widely accepted that the term Coele is a transcription of Aramaic ܟܠ kul, meaning "all, the entire", such that the term originally identified all of Syria. The word "Coele", which literally means "hollow" in Koine Greek, is thought to have come about via a folk etymology referring to the "hollow" Beqaa Valley between Mount Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. However, the term Coele-Syria was also used in a wider sense to indicate "all Syria" or "all Syria except Phoenicia", by the writers; Pliny, Arrian, Ptolemy and also Diodorus Siculus, who indicated Coele-Syria to at least stretch as far south as Joppa,  while Polybius stated that the border between Egypt and Coele-Syria lay between the towns of Rhinocolara and Rhaphia.

The first and only official use of the term was during the period of Seleucid rule of the region, between c. 200 BCE and 64 BCE. During this period, the term "Coele Syria and Phoenicia" or "Coele Syria" was also used in a narrower sense to refer to the former Ptolemaic territory which the Seleucids now controlled, being the area south of the river Eleutherus. This usage was adopted by Strabo and the Books of the Maccabees. Later during the Roman Period c.350 CE, Eunapius wrote that the capital of Coele-Syria was the Seleucid city of Antioch, north of the Eleutherus.

Official usage
According to Polybius, a former officer of the Ptolemaic Empire named Ptolemy Thrasea, having fought in the 217 BCE Battle of Raphia, defected to the Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great. Antiochus gave him the title "Strategos and Archiereus of Coele-Syria and Phoenicia". Some scholars speculate that this title may have been used previously by the Ptolemies, but no direct evidence exists to support this.

Syrian Wars
The region was disputed between the Seleucid dynasty and the Ptolemaic dynasty during the Syrian Wars. Alexander the Great's general Ptolemy first occupied Coele-Syria in 318 BC. However, when Ptolemy joined the coalition against Antigonus I Monophthalmus in 313 BC, he quickly withdrew from Coele-Syria. In 312 BC Seleucus I Nicator, defeated Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, in the Battle of Gaza which again allowed Ptolemy to occupy Coele-Syria. Though he was again to pull out after only a few months, after Demetrius had won a battle over his general and Antigonus entered Syria in force up to Antigonuses, this brief success had enabled Seleucus to make a dash for Babylonia which Seleucus secured. In 302 BC, Ptolemy joined a new coalition against Antigonus and reoccupied Coele-Syria, but quickly withdrew on hearing a false report that Antigonus had won a victory. He was only to return when Antigonus had been defeated at Ipsus in 301 BC. Coele-Syria was assigned to Seleucus, by the victors of Ipsus, as Ptolemy had added nothing to the victory. Though, given Ptolemy's track record, he was unlikely to organize a serious defense of Coele-Syria, Seleucus acquiesced in Ptolemy's occupation, probably because Seleucus remembered how it had been with Ptolemy's help he had reestablished himself in Babylonia.

The later Seleucids were not to be so understanding, resulting in the century of Syrian Wars between the Ptolemies and Seleucids. The Battle of Panium in 200 BC, during the Fifth Syrian War, was the final decisive battle between the two sides in ending Ptolemaic control over the region. The 171–168 BC conflicts over Coele-Syria, between Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Ptolemy VI Philometor, are discussed in Livy's The History of Rome from its Foundation (in XLII. 29 and XLV. 11–12).

Seleucid control over the area of Judea began diminishing with the eruption of the Maccabean Revolt in 165 BC. With Seleucid troops being involved in warfare on the Parthian front, Judea succeeded in securing its independence by 140 BC. Despite attempts of Seleucid rulers to regain territories, the conquests of Pompey in 64 BC were a decisive blow to them, and Syria became part of the Roman Republic.

Upper Syria
Under the Macedonian kings, Upper Syria (Syria Superior) was divided into four parts (tetrarchies) which were named after their capitals. Later in the Roman Pompeian era, the province was divided into nine districts.

Nomenclatures of Syria
Judging from Arrian and The Anabasis of Alexander, the historians of Alexander the Great, as well as more ancient authors, gave the name of Syria to all the country comprehended between the Tigris and the Mediterranean. The part to the east of the Euphrates, afterwards named Mesopotamia was called "Syria between the rivers;" that to the west was called by the general name Coele-Syria, and although Phoenicia and Palestine were sometimes separated from it. Yet, it was often comprehended as the whole country as far as Egypt.

 * {| border="0" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan=3 | Nomenclatures of Syria given in the time of Cyrus the Great c. 530 BCE ! Primary ! Alternate
 * Kul Eber-Nari
 * All Across-the-River
 * Koile Syria
 * Corrupt Greek translation
 * }

 * Circa 323 BCE Laomedon of Mytilene takes control of Coele-Syria (dissolving Eber-Nari).
 * Circa 323 BCE The Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax lists several cities on the Palestinian coast (Dor, Jaffa, Ascalon, and Acre) that are incorporated into Coele-Syria.

In the Wars of the Diadochi, Coele-Syria came under the control of Antigonus I Monophthalmus. Then in 301 BCE, Ptolemy I Soter exploited events surrounding the Battle of Ipsus to take control of the region. The victors at Ipsus finalized the breakup of Alexander's empire. Coele-Syria was allocated to Ptolemy's former ally Seleucus I Nicator, who—having been previously aided by Ptolemy—took no military action to gain control of the region. Their successors, however, became embroiled in a series of conflicts over this issue.

 * Wars over Coele-Syria given by Polybius c. 150 BCE
 * Ptolemy, marching on Pelusium, made his first halt at that city, and after picking up stragglers and serving out rations to his men moved on marching through the desert and skirting Mount Casius and the marshes called Barathra. Reaching the spot he was bound for on the fifth day he encamped at a distance of fifty stades from Raphia, (Modern Rafah at the border of Egypt and Israel, north of Rhinocolara (El Arish)) which is the first city of Coele-Syria on the Egyptian side after Rhinocolura.

 * Circa 120 BCE In the written work, 1 Maccabees ;"And king Demetrius made Apollonius his general, who was governor of Celesyria: and he gathered together a great army, and came to Jamnia."
 * Circa 100 BCE In the written work, 2 Maccabees ; And when he could not overcome Onias, he went to Apollonius, the son of Tharseas, who at that time was governor of Celesyria, and Phenicia.

 * Boundaries of Egypt given by Diodorus Siculus c. 50 BCE
 * Having spoken of the three boundaries of Egypt, by which it is distinguished from the rest of the continent, we now proceed to the next. The fourth side is nearly surrounded with a vast sea, without any harbours, being a very long and tedious voyage, and very difficult to find any place of landing. For from Parcetonium in Africa, to Joppa in Cœlo-Syria, for the space almost of five thousand furlongs, there is not one safe harbour to be found, except Pharus.

 * Circa 25 BCE Livy in his written work, The History of Rome ; Antiochus was so incensed, ...He at once sent his fleet to Cyprus, and in the first days of spring set his army in motion for Egypt and advanced into Coelo-Syria. When near Rhinocolura he was met by envoys from Ptolemy, who ...begged him to say clearly what he wanted rather than to attack Ptolemy as an enemy—by force of arms—after previously being his friend.

Coele-Syria Proper
Authors of the Roman period differ on the limits of Coele-Syria, some extending and others contracting them. The Geography of Strabo notes that Coele Syria Propria (Proper) is defined by the Libanus and Anti-libanus mountain ranges, running parallel to each other. In the wars between the Ptolemies and the Seleucidæ, the name Cœle (or Hollow Syria) was applied to the whole of the southern portion of Syria, but under the Romans, it was confined to "Cœlesyria Proper" and variously included the district east of Anti-Libanus, about Damascus, and a portion of Palestine east of the Jordan river (possibly of: Trans-Jordan, Perea, or the Decapolis).

 * {| border="0" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan=3 | Nomenclatures of Syria given by Strabo c. 10 BCE ! Primary ! Alternate
 * Cœlê-Syria & Seleucis-Syria & Phœnicia &c. &c.
 * Cœlê-Syria ≠ Cœlo-Syrians
 * Cœlo-Syrians & Syrians & Phœnicians
 * Similar to nomenclature given by Herodotus
 * }

 * Circa 36 CE Philo of Alexandria in his written work, On the Life of Moses ; "When then [Moses] he received the supreme authority, with the good will of all his subjects, God himself being the regulator and approver of all his actions, he conducted his people as a colony into Phoenicia, and into the hollow Syria (Coele-syria), and Palestine, which was at that time called the land of the Canaanites, the borders of which country were three days' journey distant from Egypt."
 * Circa 43 CE Pomponius Mela in his written work, Description of the World ; "Syria holds a broad expanse of the littoral, as well as lands that extend rather broadly into the interior, and it is designated by different names in different places. For example, it is called Coele, Mesopotamia, Judaea, Commagene, and Sophene. It is Palestine at the point where Syria abuts the Arabs, then Phoenicia, and then—where it reaches Cilicia—Antiochia. [...] In Palestine, however, is Gaza, a mighty and well fortified city."

The name Syria comes from the ancient Greek regional name for the Levantine colonies and colonial territories which they had established and which were "formerly comprehended as part of Assyria" (see Name of Syria). Syria had an uncertain border to the northeast that Pliny the Elder describes as including from west to east; Commagene, Sophene, and Adiabene. In Pliny's time, Syria was administratively divided into a number of provinces with various degrees of autonomy under the Roman Empire, such as the Ityraei or Ituraei, who were a people of Coelo-Syria famous for shooting with a bow, [The wood of the trees called] "yews are bent into Ituraean bows".
 * {| border="0" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan=3 | Nomenclatures of Syria given by Pliny the Elder c.70 CE ! Primary ! Alternate
 * Syria
 * deprecated terms: Palæstina, Judæa, Cœle, Phœnice
 * Syria & Phœnice
 * }
 * }

 * Circa 70 CE Pliny the Elder in his written work, Natural History ; "Next to these countries on the coast is Syria, once the greatest of lands. It had a multitude of divisions with different names, the part adjacent to Arabia was previously known as Palestine (who's northernmost city was Caesarea, Plin. NH 5.69: 'Caesarea ..finis Palastine') or Judaea or Cœle."
 * Circa 100 CE Josephus in his written work, Antiquities of the Jews, notes that in 46 BCE Herod the Great was appointed as the "stratēgos" of Coele Syria, by the governor of Syria, Sextus Julius Caesar. And he also writes ; "Antiochus made a friendship and league with Ptolemy, and gave him his daughter Cleopatra in marriage, and yielded up to him Cœle-Syria and Samaria and Judæa and Phœnicia by way of dowry."
 * Circa 125 CE The Roman emperor Hadrian promotes the city of Damascus to "Metropolis of Coele-Syria".

 * Circa 150 CE Appian in his written work, Roman History ; "Intending to write the history of the Romans, I have deemed it necessary to begin with the boundaries of the nations under their sway.... Here turning our course and passing round, we take in Palestine-Syria, and beyond it a part of Arabia. The Phoenicians hold the country next to Palestine on the sea, and beyond the Phoenician territory are Coele-Syria, and the parts stretching from the sea as far inland as the river Euphrates, namely Palmyra and the sandy country round about, extending even to the Euphrates itself."

The Decapolis was so called from its ten cities enumerated by Pliny. What Pliny calls Decapolis, Ptolemy makes his Cœle-Syria; and the Cœle-Syria of Pliny, is that part of Syria about Aleppo.

 * Towns in Coelesyria given by Ptolemy c. 150 CE that are distinct from Pliny's Decapolis

 * 1) Heliopolis
 * 2) Abila which is called Lysinia (Abila Lysanios)
 * 3) Saana
 * Ina
 * 1) Samulis (Samoulis)
 * 2) Abida
 * 3) Capitolias
 * 4) Adra
 * 5) Canatha

Provincia Syria Coele
The governor of Syria retained the civil administration of the whole large province undiminished, and held for long alone in all Asia a command of the first rank. It was only in the course of the second century that a diminution of his prerogatives occurred, when Hadrian took one of the four legions from the governor of Syria and handed it over to the governor of Palestine. It was Severus who at length withdrew the first place in the Roman military hierarchy from the Syrian governor. After having subdued the province —which had wished at that time to make Niger emperor, as it had formerly done with its governor Vespasian —amidst resistance from the capital Antioch in particular, he ordained its partition into a northern and a southern half, and gave to the governor of the former, which was called Coele-Syria, two legions, to the governor of the latter, the province of Syro-Phoenicia, one [legion].
 * {| border="0" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan=3 | Nomenclature of Syria given in the time of Septimius Severus c.200 CE
 * Syria
 * Provincia Syria Coele
 * Syria Coele ≠ Cœlê-Syria ≠ Cœlo-Syrians
 * Phoenice
 * Provincia Syria Phoenice
 * Palestina
 * Provincia Syria Palæstina
 * Arabia
 * Provincia Arabia Petraea
 * }
 * Provincia Syria Palæstina
 * Arabia
 * Provincia Arabia Petraea
 * }
 * Provincia Arabia Petraea
 * }
 * }

"There is also the colony of Laodicea, in Coele Syria, to which also the divine Severus granted the Italian Law on account of its services in the Civil War."
 * Circa 200 CE. Ulpian, On Taxes, Book I;

 * Boundaries of the 'Promised Land' given by Jerome c. 400 CE

"You may delineate the Promised Land of Moses from the Book of Numbers (ch. 34): as bounded on the south by the desert tract called Sina, between the Dead Sea and the city of Kadesh-barnea, [which is located with the Arabah to the east] and continues to the west, as far as the river of Egypt, that discharges into the open sea near the city of Rhinocolara; as bounded on the west by the sea along the coasts of Palestine, Phoenicia, Coele-Syria, and Cilicia; as bounded on the north by the circle formed by the Taurus Mountains and Zephyrium and extending to Hamath, called Epiphany-Syria; as bounded on the east by the city of Antioch Hippos and Lake Kinneret, now called Tiberias, and then the Jordan River which discharges into the salt sea, now called the Dead Sea."

"Libanius (died 392 CE) was born at Antioch, the capital of Coele Syria as it is called. This city was founded by Seleucus surnamed Nicator."
 * Circa 400 CE Eunapius in his written work, Lives of Philosophers and Sophists ;
 * Capital of the Seleucid Empire was Antioch (240–63 BCE)
 * Capital of the Syria Coele (Roman province) was Antioch (200–600 CE)

title: Coele-Syria


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Goodnight, Seattle (Part I)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. I would support a possible merge once there is an article to merge in to. Also removing the (Part 1) from the title. Golbez 00:39, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Goodnight, Seattle (Part I)
Frasier is one of my favourite American sitcoms, but do we really need articles on individual episodes? Especially as badly wikified as this? Weak delete. — J I P | Talk 10:40, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Wikipedia is not paper. Kappa 10:50, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Frasier is a major sitcom, and the individual episodes are thus notable. However, I would be all for merging all the episodes of one season together to one article if we have individual articles about every episode. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:10, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. As with Pokemon and every Simpsons episode, we need to consolidate. JFW | T@lk  11:34, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge Lectonar 11:50, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd be in favor of merging by season, as Sjakkalle suggests, but at the very least merge with Goodnight, Seattle (part II) and however many parts it has. Or rename dropping the 'part 1'. Radiant_ >|< 12:20, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * In general I'd also be in favour of merging by season however it seems from List of Frasier episodes that there aren't actually many articles to merge and the list is useful as it is. So keep for now as I think it's best that Wikipedia keeps the content. -- Lochaber 13:47, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Frasier is a notable series, and the episode is a fairly important one within series continuity. Jasonglchu 15:08, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as there is precedent for individual episode articles for other series (Star Trek, Doctor Who). Plus Wikipedia is not paper. 23skidoo 16:24, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as long as there are some Wikipedians who are dedicated to create articles for every episode of Frasier. But if they are not as dedicated as the Star Trek and Doctor Who fans, then I might change my mind. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 23:11, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * If there is only going to be one episode guide for Frasier, it should be this one or perhaps the first. Kappa 23:51, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * keep' this please and continue the work at List of Frasier episodes. Yuckfoo 23:43, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as per Radiant. JamesBurns 07:13, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a general knowledge base.  Encyclopedias should not include TV episode guides. Indrian 03:49, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Seriously, didn't you ever read Wikipedia is not paper before commiting yourself to this project? Kappa 21:08, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * And in all seriousness, didn't you read the rest of What Wikipedia is not before commiting yourself to this project, because it seems you stopped after the first entry. That something is true does not make it encyclopedic.  An encyclopedia and a database are two different things.  I have nothing wrong with episode guides of Frasier, but they do not belong in an encyclopedia. Indrian 03:23, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Flightplan

Flightplan is a 2005 mystery psychological thriller film directed by Robert Schwentke from a screenplay written by Peter A. Dowling and Billy Ray. It stars Jodie Foster as Kyle Pratt, a recently widowed American aircraft engineer living in Berlin, who flies back to the U.S. with her daughter and her husband's body. She loses her daughter during the flight and must struggle to find her while proving her sanity at the same time. It also features Peter Sarsgaard, Erika Christensen, Kate Beahan, Greta Scacchi, Sean Bean, and Matt Bomer in his film debut.

Distributed by Touchstone Pictures and released theatrically on September 23, 2005, the film received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the direction, performances of the cast (particularly Foster's), and the thriller elements of the film but criticized the screenplay. It was also a major commercial success, grossing over $223 million worldwide against a $55 million budget, and received two nominations at the 32nd Saturn Awards; Best Action or Adventure Film, and Best Actress (for Foster).

Plot
Recently widowed Berlin-based American aviation engineer Kyle Pratt takes her husband David's body back to the United States with her 6-year-old daughter Julia, aboard an aircraft she helped design, a brand new Elgin E-474 (loosely based on the Airbus A380 with the aircraft's classification number being similar to the Boeing 747) operated by Aalto Airlines. Awakening from a nap, Kyle finds Julia is gone, and none of the passengers or crew recall seeing her. Flight attendant Stephanie tells Kyle there is no record of her daughter boarding the flight, and Kyle is unable to find Julia's boarding pass and backpack. At a panicked Kyle's insistence, Captain Marcus Rich conducts a search of the aircraft, while sky marshal Gene Carson monitors her. Kyle accuses two Arab passengers of stalking her daughter the night before, resulting in a fight breaking out and Kyle being handcuffed.

Kyle reveals that her husband died falling from the roof of an avionic manufacturing building, which she doubts was suicide. Captain Rich receives a message from a Berlin hospital that Julia died with her father, and is convinced that Kyle, unhinged by her husband's and daughter's deaths, imagined bringing Julia on board. The increasingly erratic Kyle is confined to her seat, where a therapist, Lisa, consoles her. Kyle doubts her own sanity until she notices the heart Julia drew in the condensation on the window next to her seat.

Kyle asks to use the bathroom, where she climbs into the overhead crawl space and sabotages the aircraft's electronics. In the ensuing chaos, she rides a dumbwaiter to the lower freight deck and unlocks David's casket, suspecting Julia to be inside, but finds only her husband's body. Carson escorts her to her seat in handcuffs, and explains that the flight is making an emergency stopover at Goose Bay Airport, in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, where she will be taken into custody.

She pleads with Carson to search the aircraft's hold, and he sneaks down to the freight deck. Removing two explosives and a detonator concealed in David's casket, he plants the explosives in the avionics section. It is revealed that Carson, Stephanie, and the Berlin mortuary director have conspired to hijack the aircraft for a $50 million ransom and frame Kyle; they abducted Julia to cause Kyle to unlock the casket. Carson lies to Rich that Kyle is threatening to bomb the aircraft unless the ransom is wired to a bank account and a G3 aircraft is readied upon landing. He then plans to detonate the explosives, killing Julia, and leave Kyle dead with the detonator in her hand.

Landing in Newfoundland, the airliner is surrounded by FBI agents as the passengers exit the aircraft. Kyle confronts Rich, who angrily declares that the ransom has been paid. Realizing that Carson is the perpetrator, she quickly assumes the role of hijacker, commanding Carson to remain aboard and the crew to leave. After the plane's door closes, she strikes Carson unconscious with a fire extinguisher, handcuffs him to a rail, and takes the detonator from his pocket. Carson quickly regains consciousness, frees himself and pursues Kyle, who locks herself in the cockpit, but she manages to draw Carson away by throwing a binder out a hatch door to the upper level as a ruse so she can escape. After an altercation with Kyle, a guilt-ridden Stephanie flees the airliner in a panic.

Kyle finds the unconscious Julia but Carson arrives, revealing that he murdered David in order to smuggle the explosives inside his casket and gagged and dumped Julia into the food bin, believing that neither the passengers nor the crew would care enough to notice. Kyle escapes with Julia into the aircraft's non-combustible hold as Carson shoots at her. She detonates the explosives, killing Carson and damaging the aircraft's landing gear, but she and Julia emerge unscathed as the crew realize she had been telling the truth all along. The next morning, in the passenger waiting section of the airport, Captain Rich apologizes to a seated Kyle holding Julia in her arms as Stephanie is led away by FBI agents for her crimes, while another agent informs them that the Berlin mortuary director has also been arrested, adding that they are tracking down another accomplice who erased Julia's record from the flight manifest. Kyle silently redeems herself by carrying Julia through the crowd of passengers who realize the truth. As one of the Arab passengers assists Kyle in loading her luggage onto a waiting van, Julia awakens and sleepily asks "Are we there yet?" as they drive away.

Development
Peter A. Dowling had the idea for Flightplan in 1999 on a phone conversation with a friend. His original pitch for producer Brian Grazer involved a man who worked on airport security doing a business trip from the United States to Hong Kong, and during the flight his son went missing. A few years later, Billy Ray took over the script, taking out the terrorists from the story and putting more emphasis on the protagonist, who became a female as Grazer thought it would be a good role for Jodie Foster. The story then focused on the main character regaining her psyche, and added the post-September 11 attacks tension and paranoia. There was also an attempt to hide the identity of the villain by showcasing the different characters on the plane. Both Dowling and Ray were allowed to visit the insides of a Boeing 747 at the Los Angeles International Airport to develop the limited space on which the story takes place. The film also draws on Alfred Hitchcock's The Lady Vanishes, in which an older woman goes missing on board a train and only one passenger remembers her, especially in the scene where Kyle discovers the heart drawn by her daughter on the plane window.

Casting
Schwentke said that to make Flightplan as realistic as possible, he wanted naturalistic, subdued performances. One example was Peter Sarsgaard, whom he described as an actor "who can all of a sudden become a snake uncoiling". First-time actress Marlene Lawston was cast as Foster's character's daughter Julia. Sean Bean was cast to subvert his typecasting as a villain and mislead audiences into thinking he was part of the villainous plot. The director also picked each of the 300 passengers through auditions.

Filming
Schwentke described Flightplan as a "slow boiling" thriller, where the opening is different from the faster ending parts. The director added that sound was used to put audiences "off-kilter".

The art direction team had to build all the interiors and the cockpit of the fictional E-474 from scratch, basing both the interior design and layout on the Airbus A380, with its aircraft's classification number similar to the 747. The amount of dead space within the cabin, cargo and avionic areas of the E-474 did not reflect the actual amount of dead space within any aircraft. BE Aerospace provided various objects to "stage the scene"; "many of the interior sets used real aircraft components such as seats, gallies, etc."

To allow for varied camera angles, the set had many tracks for the camera dolly to move, and both the walls and the ceiling were built on hinges so they could easily be swung open for shooting. The design and colors tried to invoke the mood for each scene. For instance, a white room for "eerie, clinical, cold" moments, lower ceilings for claustrophobia, and wide open spaces to give no clues to the audience. Most exterior scenes of the E-474 involve a model one-tenth of the aircraft's actual size, with the images being subsequently enhanced through computer-generated imagery. The explosion in the nose involved both life sized and scaled pieces of scenery. A one-half scale set of the avionics area was constructed to make the explosion and fireball look bigger.

Music
The score for Flightplan was released September 20, 2005, on Hollywood Records. The music was composed and conducted by James Horner, and the disc contains eight tracks. Horner stated that film's score tried to mix the sound effects with "the emotion and drive of the music", and the instruments were picked to match the "feelings of panic" Kyle goes through. These included Gamelan instruments, prepared piano, and string arrangements. No brass instruments are used in the soundtrack.

Box office
Flightplan opened at #1 in US and Canada, grossing $24.6 million in its opening weekend. It grossed $89,707,299 at the domestic box office and $133,680,000 overseas for a worldwide total of $223,387,299. It also grossed $79,270,000 on DVD rentals.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 37% based on 179 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The site's critics consensus states: "The actors are all on key here, but as the movie progresses, tension deflates as the far-fetched plot kicks in." On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 53 out of 100 rating, based on 33 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade B+ on an A+ to F scale.

Film historian Leonard Maltin in Leonard Maltin's 2012 Movie Guide (2011) described Flightplan as "suspenseful at first, this thriller becomes remote and un-involving; by the climax, it's just plain ridiculous."

Roger Ebert gave it 3 and a half out of 4 stars, praising its "airtight plot" and the acting performances. Other reviewers including the Christian Science Monitor criticised "plotholes the size of an Airbus in the script".

Aviation film historian Simon D. Beck in The Aircraft-Spotter's Film and Television Companion (2016) noted that Flightplan was careful in setting the scene. "The aircraft is a fictional mammoth airliner called the 'E-474', a double-deck jumbo modeled strongly after the Airbus A-380, the large size being suitable for the missing-person plot of the film."

Controversy
The Association of Professional Flight Attendants called for an official boycott of Flightplan, which they said depicts flight attendants as rude, unsympathetic and unhelpful towards Foster's character (with some flight attendants and the pilot thinking she is delusional), in addition to one acting as an accomplice to terrorists as part of a strategy to extort a ransom from the airline. The groups postulated that the film could spread distrust of their members among airline passengers.

Tommie Hutto-Blake, president of the Association of Professional Flight Attendants, stated "Should there be another 9/11, it would be critical for the cabin crew to have the support of their passengers, not the distrust that this movie may engender...Our fellow crew members who perished in the line of duty deserve more respect". Two other organizations — the Association of Flight Attendants and Transport Workers Union, Local 556 also called for a boycott.

title: Flightplan


text:
Mateship

Mateship is an Australian cultural idiom that embodies equality, loyalty and friendship. Russel Ward, in The Australian Legend (1958), once saw the concept as central to the Australian people. Mateship derives from mate, meaning friend, commonly used in Australia as an amicable form of address.

Historical origins
Most simply, the term mateship describes "feelings of solidarity and fraternity that Australians, usually men, are typically alleged to exhibit."

The historical origins of the term are explained in Nick Dyrenfurth's Mateship: a very Australian history (2015). He cites the work of historian Russell Ward, who argued that "a convict-derived ethos of matey anti-authoritarianism embedded itself in the Australian psyche from the beginning." The original obligations of mateship could be compared to 'codes amongst thieves.' It likely emerged out of a shared fear of authority. Men who betrayed their companions, or accepted authority over them, would be called 'dogs' for their betrayal.

According to Dyrenfurth, "Much of the rest of the world thinks of this practice as friendship, pure and simple. Yet in Australia, mateship evokes more than mere friendship.... Most Australian citizens ... associate mateship with wartime service - in particular, the Anzac tradition forged on the shores of faraway Gallipoli during April 1915."

Military context
Mateship is regarded as an Australian military virtue. For instance, the Australian Army Recruit Training Centre lists the "soldierly qualities" it seeks to instill as including "a will to win, dedication to duty, honour, compassion and honesty, mateship and teamwork, loyalty, and physical and moral courage."

The word mate bloomed during World War I, when many trenches were being built because of the machine gun. Many trenches were built which often stretched miles across war grounds. The words “diggers” and “mate” gained the same meaning and became interchangeable.

Australian Constitutional preamble
During the 1999 Australian constitutional referendum there was some consideration regarding the inclusion of the term "mateship" in the preamble of the Australian constitution. This proposed change was drafted by the Australian poet Les Murray, in consultation with the Prime Minister of the time, John Howard:

"Australians are free to be proud of their country and heritage, free to realise themselves as individuals, and free to pursue their hopes and ideals. We value excellence as well as fairness, independence as dearly as mateship."

Murray was not supportive of the inclusion of "mateship" in the preamble, stating that it was "blokeish" and "not a real word", but the Prime Minister insisted it be included as the term, he said, had "a hallowed place in the Australian lexicon". Howard reluctantly dropped the term from the preamble, after the Australian Democrats refused to allow it to be passed by the Senate where they held the balance of power. If the proposed constitutional amendment had been adopted, it would have made Australia the first country in the world to constitutionally enshrine the concept of mateship. The BBC referred to the proposal as a "declaration of mateship" (a play on the American Declaration of Independence).

Since the referendum the Australian government has introduced the concept of mateship as a possible part of an Australian citizenship test, although it was unclear how endorsement of the values of mateship would be tested.

The concept of mateship was also formed by the significant disparity between the male and female population, resulting in an acute shortage of marriageable women in colonial Australia. This situation was reversed after the First World War death of young males to the extent that there were more women than eligible males.

More than friendship
Mateship is a concept that can be traced back to early colonial times. The harsh environment in which convicts and new settlers found themselves meant that men and women closely relied on each other for all sorts of help. In Australia, a 'mate' is more than just a friend and is a term that implies a sense of shared experience, mutual respect and unconditional assistance.

The term includes use in ways other than friendship like getting someone's attention, replacing a name, questioning a statement, letting one know to calm down and referring to someone in a rash or harsh way. The use of such in a harsh or negative way can be traced back to the word "bastard". Around the 16th century, the word "mate" adopted a similar meaning. Only within the last two centuries, has the term connected itself with a meaning of friendship.

After the Beaconfield mine disaster, the miners involved presented the federal government with a "declaration of mateship and thanks".

Common usage
According to the Lingo Dictionary of Favourite Australian Words and Phrases Australians use the salutation 'old mate' to "greet someone whose name you can't remember."

title: Mateship


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Moni Mule Pati and Pem Dorjee Sherpa

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was ambiguous.

I count 1 "keep as is", 2 "redirect" and 5 "delete" (including the anon nominator). In this case, I find no evidence that the anon is a sockpuppet and will allow the vote.

The concensus is clear that this article should not remain as an independent article. Looking at the article myself, I see an unexpandable single sentence at a title which is unlikely to be used. I am going to call this one as a "delete" decision. Rossami (talk) 21:56, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Moni Mule Pati and Pem Dorjee Sherpa
Note: Relisting this, as the previous nomination seems to have been incomplete. Original nomination follows.--MarkSweep 4 July 2005 17:39 (UTC)

No relevance --213.7.22.2 10:41, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, it is something for a daily newspaper AN 15:21, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. This fact is interesting enough for an encyclopedia. --Wittkowsky 19:16, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * delete good for a newspaper but not for WP ... Sicherlich talk 06:12, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Pemba Dorjie, which already includes the very brief contents of this article. --MarkSweep 4 July 2005 17:35 (UTC)
 * Delete, no redirect. Now, if they had consummated the marriage on top of the mountain, that would be worthy of an encyclopedia article :-) --RoySmith 4 July 2005 21:58 (UTC)
 * Redirect Seems more informative there. --Barista | a/k/a マイケル | T/C 4 July 2005 22:42 (UTC)
 * Delete not encyclopedic. JamesBurns 5 July 2005 01:42 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Interdnestrcom

Interdnestrcom is a Transnistrian telecommunication company providing mobile communication services for Transnistria, a breakaway unrecognized state internationally recognized as part of Moldova. It was established in 1998. As well as providing mobile phone services, it also provides dial-up and ISDN internet access.

Internet
Interdnestrcom provides Internet access in the Transnistrean territory under the brand of OK. Internet access is provided via ADSL. OK's services are available in all large towns in Transnistria.

TV
Interdnestrcom provides TV services among which: analog television (up to June 2011 ), digital television and IP-television.

Fixed telephony
Is provided under the brand Transtelecom.

Mobile telephony
Interdnestrcom operates in the VoLTE standard on the 800 MHz frequency (LTE band 20). It no longer has a 2G or 3G network, so phones used on the network must support VoLTE for voice calls. The coverage area includes almost all of the Transnistria region and several towns of Moldova which are considered outside the Transnistria region and Ukraine.  File:IDC_centr_sv_tir.jpg|Interdnestrcom in Tiraspol

File:IDC centr svjazi.JPG|Interdnestrcom

Support service
198 — uniform number of support on all lines of business IDC from any mobile or fixed phone of Transnistria.

Skype and other VoIP clients blocking
On 6–7 November 2010 some subscribers began expecting troubles with access to VoIP soft. As the result of this after some time all the subscribers of Interdnestrcom were blocked VoIP services including Skype and many others. International calls with the help of such software became impossible.

title: Interdnestrcom


text:
Yasur

Yasur can refer to:
 * Yasur, Iran, in Gilan Province
 * Mount Yasur, a volcano in Vanuatu
 * Yas'ur, Israel, a kibbutz in Israel
 * Yasur (village), in Gaza District
 * Yazur, in Jaffa District
 * CH-53 Sea Stallion, Hebrew name is Yas'ur

title: Yasur


text:
Região de Coimbra

The Comunidade Intermunicipal da Região de Coimbra (English: Coimbra Region) is an administrative division in Portugal. It was created in October 2013, replacing the previously existing Greater Metropolitan Area of Coimbra. Since January 2015, Região de Coimbra is also a NUTS3 subregion of Centro Region, that covers the same area as the intermunicipal community. The main city and seat of the intermunicipal community is Coimbra. The population in 2011 was 460,139, in an area of 4,335.57 km².

Municipalities
The intermunicipal community of Região de Coimbra consists of 19 municipalities:

The territory of the Região de Coimbra equals that of the former Coimbra District, enlarged with the municipalities Mealhada (Aveiro district) and Mortágua (Viseu district).

Cities within Coimbra Region
The main cities are Cantanhede, Coimbra (chief city), Figueira da Foz, Mealhada, Oliveira do Hospital. The principal harbour is in Figueira da Foz.

title: Região de Coimbra


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Adelaide/Pictures

Fair Use

 * [[Image:Adelaide O-Bahn, Modbury Interchange (overpass-northeast).jpg|100px]] Avochelm
 * [[Image:Adelaide O-Bahn, Modbury Interchange (center-south).jpg|100px]] Avochelm
 * [[Image:VictoriaSquare South.JPG|100px]] Blueturtle01
 * [[Image:VictoriaSquare North.JPG|100px]] Blueturtle01
 * [[Image:Trams VictoriaSquare.JPG|100px]] Blueturtle01

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Adelaide/Pictures


text:
Talk:Região de Coimbra

It is Grande Área Metropolitana de Coimbra. Fix this bug please. Grande Ãrea Metropolitana de Coimbra is wrong.

External links modified
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title: Talk:Região de Coimbra


text:
Unicode and email

Many email clients now offer some support for Unicode. Some clients will automatically choose between a legacy encoding and Unicode depending on the mail's content, either automatically or when the user requests it.

Technical requirements for sending of messages containing non-ASCII characters by email include
 * encoding of certain header fields (subject, sender's and recipient's names, sender's organization and reply-to name) and, optionally, body in a content-transfer encoding
 * encoding of non-ASCII characters in one of the Unicode transforms
 * negotiating the use of UTF-8 encoding in email addresses and reply codes (SMTPUTF8)
 * sending the information about the content-transfer encoding and the Unicode transform used so that the message can be correctly displayed by the recipient (see Mojibake).

If the sender's or recipient's email address contains non-ASCII characters, sending of a message requires also encoding of these to a format that can be understood by mail servers.

Unicode support in protocols

 * provides a mechanism for allowing non-ASCII email addresses encoded as UTF-8 in an SMTP or LMTP protocol

Unicode support in message header
To use Unicode in certain email header fields, e.g. subject lines, sender and recipient names, the Unicode text has to be encoded using a MIME "Encoded-Word" with a Unicode encoding as the charset. To use Unicode in domain part of email addresses, IDNA encoding must traditionally be used. Alternatively, SMTPUTF8 allows the use of UTF-8 encoding in email addresses (both in a local part and in domain name) as well as in a mail header section. Various standards had been created to retrofit the handling of non-ASCII data to the originally ASCII-only email protocol:
 * provides support for encoding non-ASCII values such as real names and subject lines in email headers
 * provides support for encoding non-ASCII domain names in the Domain Name System
 * allows the use of UTF-8 in a mail header section

Unicode support in message bodies
As with all encodings apart from US-ASCII, when using Unicode text in email, MIME must be used to specify that a Unicode transformation format is being used for the text.

UTF-7, an obsolete encoding, had an advantage over Unicode encodings, on obsolete non-8bit-clean networks, in that it does not require a transfer encoding to fit within the seven-bit limits of legacy Internet mail servers. On the other hand, UTF-16 must be transfer encoded to fit SMTP data format. Although not strictly required, UTF-8 is usually also transfer encoded to avoid problems across seven-bit mail servers. MIME transfer encoding of UTF-8 makes it either unreadable as a plain text (in the case of base64) or, for some languages and types of text, heavily size inefficient (in the case of quoted-printable).

Some document formats, such as HTML, PostScript and Rich Text Format have their own 7-bit encoding schemes for non-ASCII characters and can thus be sent without using any special email encodings. E.g. HTML email can use HTML entities to use characters from anywhere in Unicode even if the HTML source text for the email is in a legacy encoding (e.g. 7-bit ASCII). For details of this see Unicode and HTML.

title: Unicode and email


text: Category:Operas by Rachel Portman

title: Category:Operas by Rachel Portman


text:
Talk:Scotland national football team

External links modified
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Results and Fixtures
Hi all,

There is an ongoing discussion regarding the implementation of a Results and Fixtures section on the Scotland national football team page. Please click the link in the title to give your opinions! Felixsv7 (talk) 12:21, 12 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Stop adding this until there is a consensus for it. What you are doing is inconsistent with club articles and isn't even accurate. The correct fixture list is maintained at Scotland national football team results (2020–present). Jmorrison230582 (talk) 17:39, 15 May 2022 (UTC)

Just be bold and add it. I was just came here to see, and it's bizarre that there is nothing here, unlike just about every other nation's football team. I can't imagine that it would be controversial given the 100+ precedents. Nfitz (talk) 03:40, 1 June 2022 (UTC)

 * Why is it "bizarre" to not have a "recent results" section in a football team article? There are literally thousands of club articles that don't have them. The Scotland rugby and cricket teams don't have one. Jmorrison230582 (talk) 06:25, 1 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I said nation, not club. It's bizarre because I've never come across it before. At least for a nation that plays regularly (some smaller nations can go years between matches). I don't know why you'd raise club - it's not comparable, and not relevant. There's seldom more than 10-12 games a year (2021 being an exception for many nations). Why should Scotland be different than other team? Standard practice is to show scheduled matches (looks like 7 currently) and matches during the last 12 months (currently 14). Rugby Union and Cricket are different projects. Speaking of which, someone should really fix Scotland women's national rugby union team. I think we'd both agree that shouldn't be in the main article. Nfitz (talk) 07:22, 1 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree with Jmorrison, this wasn't an issue when the article was promoted to a featured article. The article links to the independent results articles anyway and the history section includes information about the most recent results. Stevie fae Scotland (talk) 08:36, 1 June 2022 (UTC)
 * It was promoted to a featured article 15 years ago in 2007. We've become much more consistent since then. Personally, I found it hard to find the information, and that page doesn't follow the usual format. There's no reason the article can't be improved. The key question is why would this page be different than all the other similar nation articles. Even men's articles for other parts of the UK show the standard "Results and Fixtures" section, like Wales, England, Northern Ireland. Even Cornwall :). Nfitz (talk) 15:34, 1 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Can we still do this?? It has been 2 years since this topic started and nothing has changed. Fishthatflies (talk) 21:31, 14 June 2024 (UTC)

Requested move 12 April 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Material  Works   (contribs)  18:03, 19 April 2023 (UTC)

– The common name for both the men's and women's teams is just Scotland per BBC, STV, The Herald, The Scotsman, Edinburgh Evening News, The Courier, The Guardian, The Independent and Football Scotland. Other sources including RTE, ABC and ESPN also refer to the women's team as just Scotland. I note that the P&J and Sky Sports do refer to them as Scotland Women, however, they are in the minority. As a result, this should be a disambiguation page. Per WP:CONSISTENT, I have bundled in youth teams which would also require to be moved if consensus is to support this proposal. Stevie fae Scotland (talk) 10:21, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Scotland national football team → Scotland men's national football team
 * Scotland national under-21 football team → Scotland men's national under-21 football team
 * Scotland national under-19 football team → Scotland men's national under-19 football team
 * Scotland national under-17 football team → Scotland men's national under-17 football team
 * Scotland national under-20 football team → Scotland men's national under-20 football team
 * Scotland national under-18 football team → Scotland men's national under-18 football team
 * Scotland national under-16 football team → Scotland men's national under-16 football team

 * I don't have a strong view on this, but I would note that the SFA don't regularly operate any women's national youth teams above under-19. This means that I don't see the need to move the (men's) under-21 or under-20 articles, as they aren't ambiguous. The same principle also applies to the men's B team, which isn't being proposed for moving (?). Jmorrison230582 (talk) 11:42, 12 April 2023 (UTC)

 * I did think about that regarding youth teams, would have no qualms if the ones which have not had a women's representative side are separated out and obtain a different consensus. Regarding the B team, my apologies, I only looked at Category:National youth sports teams of Scotland for any other articles that may need moving (pending this discussion). Stevie fae Scotland (talk) 13:57, 12 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose - I think it is standard to leave these articles at their current titles. The Wales version was moved without discussion last month but was reverted a while later. I also think this may need a general discussion about all men's national and under-aged team articles instead of just moving Scotland out of consistency with the other articles with the same formatting titles as this one. Iggy (Swan) (Contribs) 15:36, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * There hasn't been consistency across national team articles for almost 20 years after the US and Canada pages were moved in 2004 and 2008 respectively. It was also not an issue when the Australia page was moved last year. That would suggest to me that the consensus is that WP:CONSISTENT only applies to the subset of articles for each individual country/territory rather than across all 200+ men's national team articles. Stevie fae Scotland (talk) 17:34, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing that out. By reading the Australian RM, two other users seems to agree about the general discussion that I've stated above. It is true that consistency has not existed for years as you said. Iggy (Swan) (Contribs) 20:02, 12 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related page moves. Iggy (Swan) (Contribs) 20:02, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose - not the PRIMARYTOPIC. Women's soccer is much bigger in US/Canada (for many years it was bigger than the men's), hence why those countries' articles are named accordingly. GiantSnowman 15:36, 13 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose, men's team is PRIMARY.--Ortizesp (talk) 14:56, 19 April 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

 * Oof, this needed to be changed. Helpfulwikieditoryay (talk) 10:28, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

Other languages
Per MOS:LEADLANG, If the subject of the article is closely associated with a non-English language, a single foreign language equivalent name may be included in the lead sentence. That's not currently the case (and only one recent iteration did this) as there are two other languages included and they are not included in the lead but instead as a note. I think it makes more sense including them in brackets rather than hiding them in a note but I honestly don't know which one you would include as both are valid inclusions. Does that mean we should have two instead even though the policy is quite clear to only include one? I'm not sure. As it has become and issue in the recent edit history, I would welcome other input to find the best way forwards. Stevie fae Scotland (talk) 19:20, 15 September 2023 (UTC)

 * That policy also says "If the subject of the article is closely associated with a non-English language, a single foreign language equivalent name may be included in the lead sentence, usually in parentheses" and "Consider footnoting foreign-language names if they would otherwise clutter the first sentence". Yes, other languages are used in Scotland, but the Scotland team is not "closely associated" with a non-English language. It's not popularly known by the other language names in the way other teams are (e.g. Munich / Munchen). A footnote should suffice. Jmorrison230582 (talk) 03:57, 16 September 2023 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Afghanistan national football team which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 15:33, 23 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scotland national football team


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Frostmourn

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was to REDIRECT to Frostmourne and place that article on VfD. JeremyA 16:22, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Frostmourn
nn Warcruft3, plus it's a one-word-different fork of Frostmourne (which I think may be a VfD candidate as well, but one bridge at a time). Delete. Marblespire 10:51, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Is it really necessary to have individual articles about weapons WITHIN computer games, especially ones that have no real historical or mythological basis? Warcraft 3 is a good game, but it really only needs one entry in wikipedia... (unsigned edit by "193.119.133.40".  ~Mbsp)
 * At the least, Redirect to Frostmourne. jglc | t | c 18:55, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Metropolitan areas in Portugal

The metropolitan area (área metropolitana) is a type of administrative division in Portugal. Since the 2013 local government reform, there are two metropolitan areas: Lisbon and Porto. The metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto were created in 1991. A law passed in 2003 supported the creation of more metropolitan areas, under the conditions that they consisted of at least nine municipalities (concelhos) and had at least 350,000 inhabitants. Several metropolitan areas were created under this law (Algarve, Aveiro, Coimbra, Minho and Viseu), but a law passed in 2008 abolished these, converting them into intermunicipal communities, whose territories are (roughly) based on the NUTS III statistical regions.

The branches of administration of the metropolitan area are the metropolitan council, the metropolitan executive committee and the strategic board for metropolitan development. The metropolitan council is composed of the presidents of the municipal chambers of the municipalities.

List
The legal status of metropolitan area is held only by two:

 * Lisbon metropolitan area (Área Metropolitana de Lisboa)
 * Porto metropolitan area (Área Metropolitana do Porto)

The OECD and Eurostat have identified the following metropolitan areas ("Functional Urban Areas") based on commuting patterns.

title: Metropolitan areas in Portugal


text:
1916 in Norwegian football

Results from Norwegian football (soccer) in the year 1916.

Prøveligaen 1914–1916 (Unofficial)

 * Note: Results of Kvik - Larvik Turn, Larvik Turn - Mercantile and Mercantile - Kvik are unknown.

Class A of local association leagues
Class A of local association leagues (kretsserier) is the predecessor of a national league competition. The champions qualify for the 1916 Norwegian Cup.

Championship final

 * colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|

Position play-offs

 * colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|

Championship final

 * Fram (Larvik) won championship final against Larvik Turn on walkover.

Sørlandske

 * Start champion.

Table unknown

National team
Sources:

title: 1916 in Norwegian football


text:
Valerius Anshelm

Valerius Anshelm (1475 – 1546/1547), born as Valerius Rüd (or Ryd), was a Swiss chronicler working in Bern.

Anshelm was born in Rottweil, a city in Swabia that was allied with the Old Swiss Confederacy. His grandfather „Boley der Rüd genannt Anshelm“ had fought on the side of the Eidgenossen in the Burgundy Wars. After studies in Kraków (1493–1495) and Tübingen (until 1499) he spent some time as a travelling scholar (in 1501, he was in Lyon). He then settled in Bern, where he was appointed on 22 August 1505 the headmaster of the Latin school. In 1508, he became the city physician.

As a sympathizer of the Reformation, he corresponded with reformers such as Zwingli and Vadian. A critical remark of his wife on the veneration of Mary earned him a reprimand by the city council and a substantial pay cut in 1523, and as a consequence the family moved to Rottweil two years later. However, there he got involved in the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants, too, and even spent some time in jail. When the Protestants were banned from Rottweil in 1529, he more than gladly followed a call of Bern (which had become Protestant in 1528) to serve as the city's chronicler. From 1535 to 1537 he again served also as the city physician (Stadtarzt). He died between 1 August 1546 and 21 February 1547; the exact date is unknown.

Anshelm's appointment as chronicler was based on his having written a Latin chronicle of world history already during his first stay in Bern. Written in 1510, it was not printed until 1540, but Anshelm had distributed handwritten copies before. His main opus, however, was the Berner Chronik, a history of the city of Bern on which he worked in his position as city chronicler until his death. After a brief introduction to the early history, it covered especially the time from the Burgundy Wars until 1536, although only fragments of the period of 1526 to 1536 survived. It remained buried in the municipal archives of Bern and was thus not widely known until the 17th century, when Michael Stettler was commissioned to continue Anshelm's work. Stettler's own Schweizerchronik, a history of Switzerland that was based on Anshelm's work, appeared first in 1626.

title: Valerius Anshelm


text:
Susan Decker

Susan Lynne Decker (born November 17, 1962) is an American businesswoman. She was president of Yahoo! Inc in 2007 and 2008, leading the operations of the company while Jerry Yang was chief executive officer. In 2017, Decker co-founded a social networking platform called Raftr.

Investment Research
Decker received her Bachelor of Science degree in computer science and economics from Tufts University, and a Masters of Business Administration from Harvard Business School. She is also a Chartered Financial Analyst.

Prior to joining Yahoo, she worked at the U.S. investment bank Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette for 14 years. She spent 12 years as an equity research analyst, providing coverage to institutional investors on more than 30 media, publishing, and advertising stocks. In this capacity, she was listed by Institutional Investor magazine as a top rated analyst for ten consecutive years. She subsequently became the global director of equity research, a $300 million operation.

Yahoo!
Decker was the president of Yahoo! from 2007-2009. Prior to that, she was the chief financial officer and executive vice-president of finance and administration of Yahoo from 2000 to 2007. From 2006 to 2007 she was executive vice president of the Advertiser and Publisher Group in addition to her CFO responsibilities, where she led a consortium with the newspaper industry, and launched a display ad platform.

Decker was under consideration as CEO during Jerry Yang's CEO leadership, when the company was receiving a takeover offer from Microsoft. Decker drove a proposed search deal with Google as an alternative to a transaction with Microsoft, but this was rejected by the U.S. Justice Department as a breach of United States antitrust law. The company asked Yang to resign, and for the board to select an outside candidate for the CEO position. Decker announced her intention to resign from the company on January 13, 2009, following the appointment of Carol Bartz as CEO.

Post-Yahoo! directorships
Decker is on the boards of directors of Berkshire Hathaway, SurveyMonkey, Costco, and Vail Resorts. She was on the board of directors of Pixar Animation Studios from June 2004 to May 2006, until its sale to The Walt Disney Company, and on the board of the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research from March 2005 to May 2007. She was named a Trustee of Save The Children in March 2010.

In the fall of 2009, Decker became an Entrepreneur In Residence at the Harvard Business School, working with students in their own ventures and helping to develop and deliver the entrepreneurship-focused curriculum of the school's Immersion Experience Program.

In 2017, Decker joined the board of directors for SurveyMonkey.

Other career
Decker founded Raftr, a communication and community building platform for universities in 2018. The app's name stems from the idea of the otter: "Otters travel in rafts — social groups of two to 100 that float together,” Decker said. “On Raftr, students can find others with common interests and get informed with what's happening on campus."

Awards and recognition
On September 30, 2010, Decker received Harvard Business School's Alumni Achievement Award.

Personal life
Decker grew up in Denver, Colorado. Decker is divorced, has three children, and lives in San Francisco, California.

title: Susan Decker


text:
User talk:Adarsh

No discussions yet

title: User talk:Adarsh


text:
User:Adarsh

Welcome to my page!

title: User:Adarsh


text:
Kilmarnock and Loudoun

Kilmarnock and Loudoun may refer to:
 * Kilmarnock and Loudoun (district), a defunct local government district in Scotland
 * Kilmarnock and Loudoun (Scottish Parliament constituency)
 * Kilmarnock and Loudoun (UK Parliament constituency)

title: Kilmarnock and Loudoun


text: Category:Islands of Brazil

title: Category:Islands of Brazil


text:
Meridian Junior College

Meridian Junior College (MJC) was a junior college in Singapore, offering two-year pre-university courses leading up to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examination. Situated in the eastern residential estate of Pasir Ris, it is the sixteenth junior college established in Singapore.

Founding years
Meridian Junior College was established in 2003 after Teo Chee Hean, the then Education Minister, suggested building a new junior college in Pasir Ris. Its first principal was Ms Esther Lai Choon Lian.

In 2005, the college hosted its official opening ceremony on 25 February, graced by Teo, and observed its first ever College Day on the 23rd of July.

Under Lai's leadership of, the college became a single-pointer JC (based on L1R5 admission) in less than a decade.

Incorporation of Tampines Junior College
On 20 April 2017, it was announced that Meridian Junior College would merge with Tampines Junior College, and continues to operate at its current site under the new name of Tampines Meridian Junior College, which is the combination of the two schools' names, from 2019. TPJC's current principal, Ms Pamela Yoong, will take over as the new principal of Tampines Meridian Junior College. The merger was in view of the declining cohort sizes since 2014, which was attributed to the fall in Singapore's birth rate.

School Identity & Culture
Students from Meridian Junior College are referred to as "Meridians", which reflects a close identity with the college.

Insignia, motto and value
Meridian Junior College's insignia is a grey lion.

The college's motto is "Courage. Purpose. Character."

House system

 * Atlas (Gold, Dragon)
 * Callisto (Blue, Eagle)
 * Miranda (Black, Stallion)
 * Phobos (Red, Phoenix)
 * Triton (Green, Triton)

Campus
Meridian Junior College's campus include a gym, rehearsal rooms for performing arts groups (with pianos and dance studios), and a library in a 2-storey block, run by the National Library Board. The college has a fully air-conditioned hall, five lecture theatres equipped with audio-visual equipment, and a sports block and track.

Since 2008, students have access to the school's Integrated Virtual Learning Environment (IVLE), which allows students to discuss assignments online as well as access to academic databases such as The Economist and Science Resource Center. There is also the MJC Leisure and Learning portal where students can sign up for Organised Student Activities, submit suggestions and gain endorsement for participation in projects.

Currently Meridian Junior College have installed Lecture Recording system, in 2016, allowing students to view lectures during breaks and after school.

Academic information
Meridian Junior College offers Arts and Science courses that leads up to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examinations. Students at Meridian Junior College are allowed to take up to four subjects at Higher 2 (H2) level. Students with aptitude and deeper interests in subjects can apply to take up to two subjects at Higher 3 (H3) level.

Academic subjects
The list of subjects offered by Meridian Junior College is featured below.

Co-curricular activities (CCAs)
Meridian Junior College offers a wide variety of CCAs which comprises 14 sports teams, 12 clubs & societies and 6 performing arts groups. Meridian Junior College has a niche in football, with nine National School Games 'A' Division Football Championship titles attained in fifteen years.

''' A full listing of Co-curricular Activities offered by Meridian Junior College is featured below. '''

title: Meridian Junior College


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Velasmooth

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 00:37, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Velasmooth
An ad for an intensive (and probably expensive) treatment for cellulite. Delete - no indication of notability, notoriety or particular success compared to the 1000s of other bogus cellulite treatments. JFW | T@lk  11:01, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I used this and it did wonders for mah cellulite. -Gangsta Walk 12:02, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: this user's fourth edit, see Special:Contributions/Gangsta Walk JFW | T@lk  12:13, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Let me also note that this user has made several poorly written, nonsensical, or profane edits. Delete Jasonglchu 15:01, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Ad for NN snake oil. carmeld1 04:54, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Blatant spam. Delete. - Mike Rosoft 18:30, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .