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Epitaxial wafer

An epitaxial wafer (also called epi wafer, epi-wafer, or epiwafer ) is a wafer of semiconducting material made by epitaxial growth (epitaxy) for use in photonics, microelectronics, spintronics, or photovoltaics. The epi layer may be the same material as the substrate, typically monocrystaline silicon, or it may be a silicon dioxide (SoI) or a more exotic material with specific desirable qualities. The purpose of epitaxy is to perfect the crystal structure over the bare substrate below and improve the wafer surface's electrical characteristics, making it suitable for highly complex microprocessors and memory devices.

History
Silicon epi wafers were first developed around 1966 and achieved commercial acceptance by the early 1980s. Methods for growing the epitaxial layer on monocrystalline silicon or other wafers include: various types of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) classified as Atmospheric pressure CVD (APCVD) or metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), as well as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Two "kerfless" methods (without abrasive sawing) for separating the epitaxial layer from the substrate are called "implant-cleave" and "stress liftoff". A method applicable when the epi-layer and substrate are the same material employs ion implantation to deposit a thin layer of crystal impurity atoms and resulting mechanical stress at the precise depth of the intended epi layer thickness. The induced localized stress provides a controlled path for crack propagation in the following cleavage step. In the dry stress lift-off process applicable when the epi-layer and substrate are suitably different materials, a controlled crack is driven by a temperature change at the epi/wafer interface purely by the thermal stresses due to the mismatch in thermal expansion between the epi layer and substrate, without the necessity for any external mechanical force or tool to aid crack propagation. It was reported that this process yields single atomic plane cleavage, reducing the need for post-lift-off polishing and allowing multiple substrate reuses up to 10 times.

Types
The epitaxial layers may consist of compounds with particular desirable features such as gallium nitride (GaN), gallium arsenide (GaAs), or some combination of the elements gallium, indium, aluminum, nitrogen, phosphorus or arsenic.

Photovoltaic research and development
Solar cells, or photovoltaic cells (PV) for producing electric power from sunlight can be grown as thick epi wafers on a monocrystalline silicon "seed" wafer by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and then detached as self-supporting wafers of some standard thickness (e.g., 250 μm) that can be manipulated by hand, and directly substituted for wafer cells cut from monocrystalline silicon ingots. Solar cells with this technique can have efficiencies approaching wafer-cut cells but at appreciably lower costs if the CVD can be done at atmospheric pressure in a high-throughput inline process. In September 2015, the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE) announced the achievement of efficiency above 20% for such cells. Optimizing the production chain was done in collaboration with NexWafe GmbH, a company spun off from Fraunhofer ISE to commercialize production. The surface of epitaxial wafers may be textured to enhance light absorption. In April 2016, the company Crystal Solar of Santa Clara, California, in collaboration with the European research institute IMEC announced that they achieved a 22.5% cell efficiency of an epitaxial silicon cell with an nPERT (n-type passivated emitter, rear totally-diffused) structure grown on 6-inch (150 mm) wafers. In September 2015 Hanwha Q Cells presented an achieved conversion efficiency of 21.4% (independently confirmed) for screen-printed solar cells made with Crystal Solar epitaxial wafers.

In June 2015, it was reported that heterojunction solar cells grown epitaxially on n-type monocrystalline silicon wafers had reached an efficiency of 22.5% over a total cell area of 243.4 cm$$^2$$.

In 2016, a new approach was described for producing hybrid photovoltaic wafers combining the high efficiency of III-V multi-junction solar cells with the economies and wealth of experience associated with silicon. The technical complications involved in growing the III-V material on silicon at the required high temperatures, a subject of study for some 30 years, are avoided by epitaxial growth of silicon on GaAs at low temperature by Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)

title: Epitaxial wafer


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Diederik Korteweg

Diederik Johannes Korteweg (31 March 1848 – 10 May 1941 ) was a Dutch mathematician. He is now best remembered for his work on the Korteweg–de Vries equation, together with Gustav de Vries.

Early life and education
Diederik Korteweg's father was a judge in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. Korteweg received his schooling there, studying at a special academy which prepared students for a military career. However, he decided against a military career and, making the first of his changes of direction, he began his studies at the Polytechnical School of Delft. Korteweg originally intended to become an engineer but, although he maintained an interest in mechanics and other applications of mathematics throughout his life, his love of mathematics made him change direction for the second time when he was not enjoying the technical courses at Delft. He decided to terminate his course and pull out of his studies so that he could concentrate on mathematics. He then enrolled in mathematics and mechanics courses qualifying him to become a high school teacher.

In 1878, Korteweg received a Ph.D. from the University of Amsterdam. His dissertation was titled On the Propagation of Waves in Elastic Tubes. He was the first Ph.D. recipient from that University after it received authority to grant the doctorate.

In 1881, Korteweg joined the University of Amsterdam as Professor of Mathematics, Mechanics and Astronomy. While there he published a notable paper in Philosophical Magazine titled "On the Change of Form of Long Waves . . ". He stepped down as a professor in 1918.

Some of his famous students were Gustav de Vries, Gerrit Mannoury and Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer.

Honors and societies
Korteweg was a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences for 60 years. He was a member of the Dutch Mathematical Society for 75 years. He was editor of Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde from 1897 to his death in 1941.

An experiment conducted aboard the International Space Station in 2003 (Miscible Fluids in Microgravity) was mounted to prove one of Korteweg's theories.

The asteroid 9685 Korteweg and the Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics are named after him.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Diederik Korteweg


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1988 French Open

The 1988 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. The tournament was held from 23 May until 5 June. It was the 92nd staging of the French Open, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1988.

Men's singles
🇸🇪 Mats Wilander defeated 🇫🇷 Henri Leconte, 7–5, 6–2, 6–1
 * It was Wilander's 6th career Grand Slam title, and his 3rd (and last) French Open title.

Women's singles
Steffi Graf defeated Natalia Zvereva, 6–0, 6–0
 * This was the shortest women's singles Grand Slam final in the Open Era; Graf won the match in 32 minutes.
 * It was Graf's 3rd career Grand Slam title, and her 2nd (consecutive) French Open title.

Men's doubles
🇪🇨 Andrés Gómez / 🇪🇸 Emilio Sánchez Vicario defeated 🇦🇺 John Fitzgerald / 🇸🇪 Anders Järryd, 6–3, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3

Women's doubles
🇺🇸 Martina Navratilova / 🇺🇸 Pam Shriver defeated  Claudia Kohde-Kilsch /  Helena Suková, 6–2, 7–5

Mixed doubles
🇺🇸 Lori McNeil / 🇲🇽 Jorge Lozano defeated Brenda Schultz-McCarthy /  Michiel Schapers, 7–5, 6–2

Boys' singles
🇻🇪 Nicolás Pereira defeated 🇸🇪 Magnus Larsson, 7–6, 6–3

Girls' singles
🇫🇷 Julie Halard defeated 🇺🇸 Andrea Farley, 6–2, 4–6, 7–5

Boys' doubles
🇦🇺 Jason Stoltenberg / 🇦🇺 Todd Woodbridge defeated 🇮🇹 Cristiano Caratti / Goran Ivanišević, 7–6, 7–5

Girls' doubles
🇫🇷 Alexia Dechaume / 🇫🇷 Emmanuelle Derly defeated 🇫🇷 Julie Halard / 🇫🇷 Maïder Laval, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3

Prize money
Total prize money for the event was FF20,963,950.

title: 1988 French Open


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Raphe

Raphe (from ῥαφή; : raphae or raphes) has several different meanings in science.

In botany and planktology, it is commonly used when describing a seam or ridge on diatoms or seeds.

In animal anatomy, it is used to describe a ridged union of continuous biological tissue. There are several different significant anatomical raphes:

 * The raphe nucleus is a moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem that releases serotonin to the rest of the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are believed to act at these nuclei.
 * The buccal raphe, which is on the cheek and evidence of the fusion of the maxillary and mandibular processes
 * The lingual raphe on the tongue. Obvious physical evidence of the lingual raphe includes the frenulum (also called the frenum), or band of mucous membrane that is visible under the tongue attaching it to the floor of the mouth. If this raphe is too tight at birth, movement of the tongue is restricted and the child is said to be "tongue tied".
 * The palatine raphe on the roof of the mouth (or palate). Incomplete fusion of the palatine raphe results in a congenital defect known as cleft palate.
 * The pharyngeal raphe joins the left and right pharyngeal constrictors.
 * The perineal raphe extends from the anus, through the mid-line of the scrotum (scrotal raphe), and upwards through the ventral mid-line aspect of the penis (penile raphe) in males. In females, it extends from the anus, through the mid-line of the perineum to the posterior junction of the labia majora.
 * The anococcygeal raphe, an alternative name for the anococcygeal body
 * The iliococcygeal raphe
 * The pterygomandibular raphe
 * The lateral palpebral raphe
 * The mylohyoid raphe

Teratology
In teratology, a malformation or congenital disorder involving a raphe, such as spina bifida, is known as a dysraphism.

title: Raphe


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The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner

The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner: Written by Himself: With a detail of curious traditionary facts and other evidence by the editor is a novel by the Scottish author James Hogg, published anonymously in 1824.

The plot concerns Robert Wringhim, a staunch Calvinist who, under the influence of the mysterious Gil-Martin, believes he is guaranteed Salvation and justified in killing those he believes are already damned by God. The novel has been classified among many genres, including gothic novel, psychological mystery, metafiction, satire and the study of totalitarian thought; it can also be thought of as an early example of modern crime fiction in which the story is told, for the most part, from the point of view of its criminal anti-hero. The action of the novel is located in a historically definable Scotland with accurately observed settings, and simultaneously implies a quasi-Christian world of angels, devils, and demonic possession. The narrative is set against the antinomian societal structure flourishing in the borders of Scotland in Hogg's day.

The first edition sold very poorly and the novel suffered from a period of critical neglect, especially in the nineteenth century. However, since the latter part of the twentieth century it has won greater critical interest and attention. It was praised by André Gide in an introduction to the 1947 reissue and described by the critic Walter Allen as 'the most convincing representation of the power of evil in our literature'. It has also been seen as a study of religious fanaticism through its deeply critical portrait of the Calvinist concept of predestination. It is written in English, with some sections of Scots that appear in dialogue. The demonic character Gil-Martin may be a reference to the Gaelic word gille-Màrtainn ("fox").

Background
There is no detailed information on the planning, composition, and printing of the Confessions. It was perhaps being contemplated in August 1823 when Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine included Hogg's article on 'A Scots Mummy', most of which was to be incorporated in the novel. More definitely, on 25 October Owen Rees of Longmans wrote: 'We will with pleasure undertake the publication of "Memoirs of a Suiside [sic]" on the same plan as we have done your other works': Longmans had recently brought out The Three Perils of Man and The Three Perils of Woman. A further Longmans letter suggests that the manuscript may have been ready by 12 December. Negotiations over the exact title continued into early 1824, and printing was complete by early June.

Editions
There was only one edition of The Confessions in Hogg's lifetime. It was published by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green in London on 12 July 1824 and in Edinburgh three days later. The print run was 1000, and the cost 10s 6d (52½p). Publication was anonymous. Sales were poor: of the 900 or so copies sent from the printers in Edinburgh to London little more than a third had been sold by June 1825. Hogg was apparently prompted to suggest a relaunch in the summer of 1828 after an enthusiastic expression of appreciation of the work by Mrs Mary Anne Hughes, and left-over sheets of the first edition were re-issued in Edinburgh as ''The Suicide's Grave; or, Memoirs and Confessions of a Sinner. Edited by J. Hogg''.

Hogg may have had an input into the text of the edition of the Confessions that appeared posthumously in 1837 in Volume 5 of Tales & Sketches by the Ettrick Shepherd, but the extensive bowdlerization and theological censorship in particular suggest publisher's timidity. It was not until 1895 that the original version was basically reinstated.

The standard critical text is that edited by P. D. Garside in 2001 as Volume 9 of The Stirling/South Carolina Research Edition of The Collected Works of James Hogg.

Some scholars who have extensively examined the original edition, such as Dr. JC Chaix, acknowledge the invaluable background and context that later editions provide, but insist that the book must still be read in its original form to understand the extraordinary compositional significance and meaning of Hogg's original work.

Plot
Many of the events of the novel are narrated twice; first by the 'editor', who gives his account of the facts as he understands them to be, and then in the words of the 'sinner' himself.

The story starts in 1687 with the marriage of Rabina Orde to the much older George Colwan, Laird of Dalcastle. Rabina despises her new husband because he falls short of her extreme religious beliefs, his love of dancing and penchant for drinking alcohol. She initially flees him but her father forces her back, and they live separately in the one house. Rabina gives birth to two sons. The first, George, is indisputably the son of the Laird, but it is strongly implied – though never confirmed – that her second son, Robert, was fathered by the Reverend Wringhim, Rabina's spiritual adviser and close confidant.

George, raised by the Laird, becomes a popular young man who enjoys sport and the company of his friends. Robert, educated by his mother and adoptive father Wringhim, is brought up to follow Wringhim's radical antinomian sect of Calvinism, which holds that only certain elect people are predestined to be saved by God. These chosen few will have a heavenly reward regardless of how their lives are lived.

The two brothers meet, as young men, in Edinburgh where Robert starts following George through the town, mocking and provoking him and disrupting his life. He appears to have the ability of appearing wherever George is. When on a hill-top, George sees a vision of his brother in the sky and turns to find him behind him, preparing to throw him off a cliff. Robert rejects any friendly or placatory advances from his brother.

Finally, George is murdered by being stabbed in the back, apparently during a duel with one of his drinking acquaintances. The only witnesses to the murder were a prostitute and her despicable client, who claim that the culprit was Robert, aided by what appears to be the double of George's friend. Before Robert can be arrested, he disappears.

The second part of the novel consists of Robert's account of his life. It purports to be a document, part-handwritten and part-printed, which was found after his death. It recounts his childhood, under the influence of the Rev Wringhim, and goes on to explain how he becomes in thrall to an enigmatic companion who says his name is Gil-Martin. This stranger, who could be seen to be the Devil, appears after Wringhim has declared Robert to be a member of 'the elect' and so predestined to eternal salvation. Gil-Martin, who is able to transform his appearance at will, soon directs all of Robert's pre-existing tendencies and beliefs to evil purposes, convincing him that it is his mission to "cut sinners off with the sword", and that murder can be the correct course of action. From Gil-Martin's boasting of the number of his adherents and size of his dominions, Robert falls into the delusion that he is Peter the Great of Russia, who visited England about that time.

The confession traces Robert's gradual decline into despair and madness, as his doubts about the righteousness of his cause are counteracted by Gil-Martin's increasing domination over his life. Finally, Robert loses control over his own identity and even loses track of time. During these lost weeks and months, it is suggested that Gil-Martin assumes Robert's appearance to commit further crimes. However, there are also suggestions in the text, that 'Gil-Martin' is a figment of Robert's imagination, and is simply an aspect of his own personality: as, for example when 'the sinner' writes, 'I feel as if I were the same person' (as Gil-Martin).

Robert flees, but is pursued and tormented by devils and can find refuge only as a shepherd. Finally he hangs himself with a grass rope – in which it is suggested that he is aided by devils.

The novel concludes with a return to the 'Editor's Narrative' which explains how the sinner's memoir was discovered in his grave. Hogg appears as himself in this section, expressing scorn of the project to open the grave.

Structure

The Private Memoirs and Confessions was published as if it were the presentation of a found document from the previous century offered to the public with a long introduction by its unnamed editor. The structure thus is of a single, self-contained publication offering a historically contextualised story, but the effect is unsettling. When taken together, the different elements create an impression of ambivalence and inconsistency, as if they were intended to present the reader with a conundrum. Because Hogg's novel appears to test concepts of internal validity, historical truth or a single rational world-view, contemporary critics sometimes regard it as an early anticipation of ideas associated with postmodernism.

The Confession (which comprises the middle section of the novel) is an autobiographical account of the life of Robert Wringhim and, passim, his statement on the crimes with which his name was associated. The document is revealed to be in part a printed document intended for publication and in part a handwritten manuscript. The first section narrates events retrospectively. It is followed by events recounted "in real time", describing events during his last days on earth. It has been proposed that the evangelical Lady Colquhoun and her husband, James, were the models for the character of Rabina and George Colwan.

The Editor's Narrative "introduces" this memoir with "factual" descriptions "from local tradition" of events associated with Wringhim up to the murder of his estranged brother, George Colwan. This Editor's Narrative later resumes at the end of the novel as a post-script appending further details that supposedly comment on the text. This includes the transcript of an "authentic letter" published in Blackwood's Magazine "for August 1823" by a certain James Hogg. The ending finally places the novel in the present time by relating the mystery of a suicide's grave, the exhumation of its remains and (only on the very last pages) the "recovery" of the manuscript. In effect, this post-script reveals what a real "editor" may more properly have set at the beginning, and casts it as the "conclusion".

Discounting any transcendental inferences, there are two time-frames in the novel. The events of the memoir are set in a carefully identifiable period of Scottish history between the late 17th century and early 18th century. (The first date on the opening page is the year 1687.) The editor's narrative is even more concretely dated and situated in present time, external to the novel, through the device of the letter by Hogg included by the fictional editor (which was in fact published in Blackwood's Magazine as described). Hogg's brief cameo role in the final pages of the novel is effectively his "signature" appended to the otherwise anonymous original publication.

Reception
The Confessions received a mixed response from its ten reviewers, most of whom were aware that Hogg was the author of the anonymous work. The Literary Gazette may stand as an average response: 'Mystical and extravagant … it is, nevertheless, curious and interesting; a work of irregular genius, such as we might have expected from Mr. Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, whose it is.' Other reviewers tended to the positive or negative end of this spectrum. They tended to be confused by the double narrative structure and the theology, but The Examiner comprehended the latter and was in general enthusiastic: 'a surprising lack of probability, or even possibility, is accompanied with a portion of mental force and powerful delineation, which denote the conception and the hand of a master'.

Influence

"The book since I read it in black, pouring weather on Tweedside, has always haunted and puzzled me. It is without doubt a real work of imagination, ponderated and achieved."
 * The novel has been cited as an inspiration for Robert Louis Stevenson's 1886 novella The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and especially his 1889 novel The Master of Ballantrae, examining the duality of good and evil. According to Stevenson:
 * The novel Gilchrist (1994) by Maurice Leitch is a reworking of Confessions in a contemporary Northern Ireland setting, with a central character loosely based on Ian Paisley.
 * James Hynes' gothic horror novel, The Lecturer's Tale, features a Hogg scholar whose intention to write his dissertation on guilt and predestination in Justified Sinner, is deflected into writing on the more fashionable Conrad.
 * In James Robertson's 2006 novel The Testament of Gideon Mack the protagonist Gideon Mack, a minister of the Scottish kirk, comes across a copy of a book on elves, fauns and fairies in his father's study. Gideon learns that the book was signed for his father by one "G.M.". Like the anti-hero of Hogg's novel, Gideon claims to have had an encounter with the Devil and begins to think that his father has met him as well. He suggests that "G.M." might be short for "Gil Martin" (p. 355).
 * Eve Sedgwick, in her book Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire, views Robert Wringhim's character as failing to successfully negotiate the demands of the configuration of male homosocial desire existing in his society by being too manifest in his desire for other men.
 * Boucher and McComas described the 1949 edition as a "forgotten classic," praising "this terrifying picture of the devil's subtle conquest of a self-righteous man" as "a masterpiece of the supernatural."
 * The Bad Sister by Emma Tennant is a modern-day version of Hogg's novel with a female protagonist.
 * In the short film Voices, starring Sean Biggerstaff, the central character uses audio extracts of himself reading Hogg's novel to create his final apology.

Theatrical productions

 * 1971 dramatisation by Jack Ronder, directed by Richard Eyre, and staged as an Edinburgh International Festival production at the Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh.
 * 2009 dramatisation of the novel starring Iain Robertson and Ryan Fletcher produced by the Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh.
 * 2013 adaptation titled Paul Bright's Confessions of a Justified Sinner reconstructed by Untitled Projects, a co-production with the National Theatre of Scotland, Summerhall and Tramway.

Film

 * A 1986 Polish film adaptation by director Wojciech Jerzy Has, Memoirs of a Sinner
 * Bill Douglas left a script adaptation but died before it could be realised.
 * Scottish crime writer Ian Rankin, creator of the famous Inspector Rebus novels, has written a script for a film based on James Hogg's Memoirs and Confessions. According to his website, as of December 2010, his team were 'still on the hunt for the right director.' There were no plans for production as of May 2012.
 * Digby Rumsey wrote a screenplay and was planning to produce a film as of 2009.

Radio
In March 2023, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a version by Robert Forrest in which the tale is told retrospectively by Robert to two women, Bella and Arabella, who hold him captive near the end of his life.

Music

 * Thomas Wilson's, opera, Confessions of a Justified Sinner (1972–75), commissioned by Scottish Opera, is based on the novel.


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NVG

NVG may refer to:

 * NATO Vector Graphics
 * Neovascular glaucoma
 * Night vision goggles, a specific night vision device
 * Northern Volunteers Group, a non-governmental organization in Tamale, Ghana
 * New Venture Gear

title: NVG


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Pandemonic Incantations

Pandemonic Incantations is the third studio album by Polish extreme metal band Behemoth. The album was recorded during August and September 1997, at Selani Studio and was mixed in October 1997. The album was then released in 1998 by Solistitium Records, whilst Behemoth were still in their period of transition from black metal to blackened death metal. A remastered digipak version was released by Metal Mind Records with six bonus tracks, including five live tracks recorded during the European tour in Toulouse, France, on 27 February 1999 and a studio version of With Spell of Inferno (Mefisto).

It is known that on the original version of the album, the eighth track is followed by 57 tracks of silence. The outro is on track number 66.

title: Pandemonic Incantations


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Bass Lake (Madera County, California)

Bass Lake, situated in Madera County, California, within the Sierra National Forest and approximately 14 mi south of Yosemite National Park, is a popular recreational area. The lake, formed by the Crane Valley Dam on Willow Creek, a tributary to the San Joaquin River, spans about 4 mi in length and 1/2 mi in width. Constructed in 1910 by Pacific Gas and Electric, the 145 ft concrete gravity dam generates hydro-electric power through controlled releases. The lake supports a diverse ecosystem, including species such as black bears, mule deer, bald eagles, and Great blue herons, along with a variety of fish species.

Historically, the Mono Native Americans inhabited Bass Lake until the California Gold Rush. It later became significant to the logging industry. The town of Wishon, established on the lake's southern shore, served as a central point for the Sugar Pine Lumber Company.

On the lake's south shore, the U.S. Forest Service has developed campgrounds and picnic areas, while the north shore features private cabins and homes. The unincorporated community of Bass Lake, California, maintains a year-round population of 575 residents.

Bass Lake serves as a hub for outdoor enthusiasts, offering opportunities for fishing, swimming, water skiing, hiking, and mountain biking. Additionally, it serves as a launch point for excursions into Yosemite National Park and hosts an annual Independence Day fireworks display.

Over the years, Bass Lake has been a backdrop for various Hollywood films, including Carnival Boat (1931), Leave Her to Heaven (1945), and The Great Outdoors (1987). In the past, Bass Lake was an annual gathering place for the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club, a tradition that dwindled by the late 1980s. It has experienced environmental challenges such as beetle infestations, droughts, and wildfires, which have substantially affected its local pine forests.

Geography
Bass Lake is located on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of 3370 ft.

Bass Lake reservoir was created by the Crane Valley Dam, which impounds North Fork Willow Creek. It’s also fed by South Fork Willow Creek through the Brown’s Ditch diversion, as well as Slide, Pines, and Salter Creeks. Willow Creek is the lake’s only outlet which flows south through the community of North Fork before its confluence with the San Joaquin River.

The lake is bound by Malum Ridge on the south and by Graham Mountain which rises dramatically to an elevation of 6090 ft in the northeast. Goat Mountain, which frames the lake on the west, is named after the goats that helped compact the soil of the original earthwork dam who grazed there.

Demographics
In Bass Lake, California, the demographics and economic characteristics present a distinct contrast to the broader state, as per the 2022 United States Census Bureau data. The median age in the census district is significantly higher at 64.5 years, compared to California's median of 37.9 years. A notable 43.7% of Bass Lake's population is aged 65 or older, significantly more than the state's 15.8%.

Economically, the median household income in Bass Lake is $145,083, surpassing the state median of $91,551. However, the area faces a higher poverty rate, with 20.4% of the population living in poverty, compared to 12.2% in the state.

The workforce in Bass Lake is predominantly employed in government sectors, with 39.6% working in local, state, or federal government, a figure much higher than the state's 14.2%. Housing in the area totals 868 units, and the population primarily identifies as White, non-Hispanic or Latino (466 individuals), with significant Hispanic or Latino (68) and multiracial (65) communities. The total White population is 481.

In terms of education, Bass Lake exceeds the state average, with 59.9% of its residents holding a bachelor's degree or higher, compared to 37.0% in California.

Climate
Bass Lake is characterized by a Mediterranean climate (Koppen CSA) featuring hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters, which may occasionally witness heavy snowstorms. The area's hardiness zone is classified as 8b.

Mono Winds
Mono Winds are a local weather phenomenon characterized by strong foehn winds. These winds materialize when high-pressure systems in the Great Basin propel air upward and over the Sierra, causing it to intensify as the rugged terrain funnels the air. This funneling effect can amplify wind speeds to 50 mph, with gusts exceeding 80 mph in specific narrow areas.

Typically, Mono Winds occur between October and April, with the highest frequency observed in December and January. On average, one or two episodes transpire each year, although some years may experience none at all. Although these strong winds may only persist for a few hours, they have the potential to inflict substantial damage. For example, in January 2021, Mono Winds caused significant damage to homes and power lines in the Bass Lake area, leading to hundreds of felled trees, road closures and a prolonged power outage.

Ecology
Native animal species in the area include black bear (Ursus americanus), mule deer, bald eagles, and blue herons (Ardea herodias). Interestingly, the region earned its name "Crane Valley" due to a mistaken identification of the resident Great blue herons as cranes by the original settlers. Encounters with American black bears are frequent.

Bass Lake is a thriving habitat for a diverse range of fish species, including bass, which were introduced to California in the 19th century. Due to pollution resulting from dam construction, which eliminated the previous fish species, the lake was subsequently stocked with bass, leading to the lake's naming. With over 16 fish species, including trout, bass, kokanee salmon, catfish, crappie, and bluegill, the lake attracts anglers year-round, making it a popular fishing destination.

Fishing trends at Bass Lake are influenced by seasonal changes. During the less crowded fall and spring months, local anglers primarily target black bass. Winter provides favorable conditions for rainbow trout, which are annually stocked by the Department of Fish and Game. The Bass Lake Fishing Derby is an annual event held in anticipation of the summer months, helping manage the rainbow trout population, which faces survival challenges due to warmer summer waters. Active efforts have been made to remove undesirable non-game fish species from the lake to ensure a balanced and sustainable aquatic ecosystem.

Bass Lake, like many regions in the western United States, has grappled with significant beetle infestations, notably the mountain pine beetle and the western pine beetle, which have severely damaged the local pine forests.

In addition to beetle infestations, Bass Lake has been affected by drought and numerous record-setting wildfires in the decade from 2011 to 2020. This combination of factors, including fire, drought, and bark beetle infestations linked to the drought, has resulted in a substantial loss of ponderosa pine forest. The Courtney Fire in 2014 was particularly devastating, leading to the loss of most trees within the 80-acre fire perimeter, stretching from Bass Lake Heights to the lake shore.

Native People
Bass Lake was historically inhabited by the Mono Native Americans until the onset of the California Gold Rush. During this period, many Mono were forcibly displaced from Crane Valley in May 1851, an event precipitated by the Mariposa War, a conflict which aimed to make the Southern Sierra Nevada accessible to white settlers. This forced displacement was executed under Act for the Government and Protection of Indians.

In January 1851, a major battle near Goat Mountain resulted in the death of Mono chief Jose Ray. Originally named Battle Mountain after the altercation, it was renamed Goat Mountain in the early 1900s after goats were introduced there during dam construction.

Despite these disruptions, many Mono continued their traditional way of life in the region until the establishment of the Sierra National Forest in 1897. With the creation of this national forest, permits were required for the use of these federal lands. However, such permits were only available to citizens, a status that Native Americans were denied until the implementation of the Indian Citizenship Act in 1924.

Lumber Industry
In 1854, pioneers Charles P. Converse and Bill Chitiser established the first lumber mill at the base of Willow Creek falls, the first lumber mill in present day Madera County. This marked the beginning of clearing activities in the Crane Valley basin, making way for ranching, farming, and the eventual development of Bass Lake reservoir.

The logging industry experienced a significant boom with the advent of steam power. By the 1920s, the town of Wishon, situated on the western shore of Bass Lake, served as the hub for the Sugar Pine Lumber Company — the last logging company established in the Southern Sierra. A network of railroad tracks connected Bass Lake with the logging epicenter of Central Camp, serviced by the largest saddle-tank locomotive ever built. This massive machine was responsible for hauling log cars up the twelve-mile incline with a 4.5 percent gradient. Despite its impressive operation, the railroad never turned a profit. During its final two years, it operated as a heritage railway, conducting tourist excursions from Pinedale until its closure in 1931.

Hydroelectricity
Bass Lake was formed through the construction of the Crane Valley Reservoir, a project initiated by the San Joaquin Electric Company in 1901. The reservoir was built to generate hydroelectric power for the inhabitants of the San Joaquin Valley.

The dam has undergone several expansions over the years. Initially, it was enlarged in 1905, and then again in 1910, reaching a height of 145 ft. In 2012, a significant seismic retrofitting project fortified the structure with 300000 cuyd of rock and further elevated the dam crest by an additional 8 ft feet.

In years of regular rainfall and seasonal snowpack, the lake fills to its maximum capacity. Water is then gradually released over the summer and autumn months to meet the demand for irrigation and hydroelectric power. By December, the lake's water levels can be reduced to about 35% of total capacity, or 36 ft below crest elevation, in preparation for seasonal weather and runoff. Bass Lake is not designed for multi-year water storage.

In November 2020, PG&E declared its intentions to sell the Crane Valley Hydroelectric Project, which includes both the Bass Lake reservoir and the surrounding property owned by PG&E.

Development
Most of the land around the lake is part of the Sierra National Forest. The U.S. Forest Service designated the lake an official Recreation Area and has developed campgrounds and picnic areas on the south shore of the lake.

Most private homes in Bass Lake are located within the Pines Tract on the lake's north shore. Developed in the 1930s, these cabins were primarily secondary homes and remained modest due to the sub-lease arrangement with PG&E. In 1992, after extended negotiations, PG&E sold 125 acre acres of the land to the Bass Lake Homeowners Association. This sale formalized property ownership, triggering a wave of construction and a significant rise in property values, with some lakefront homes now exceeding $6 million in value.

Wishon Airport
In June 1937, the Wishon Field airfield was opened at Bass Lake. It was a limited airfield, featuring a one-way 2,200' unpaved runway. Initially, it was primarily intended for use by the Forest Service. But it became a destination for private aviators who would fly to enjoy the lake and eat at the resorts. The airstrip posed significant challenges for takeoffs and landings. During the 1960s, the FAA declined to acknowledge the Wishon Airport, citing its failure to meet minimum safety standards and its inability to be repositioned or modified to meet those standards. The agency emphasized that any approach to the airport had to be executed over the lake, and once a pilot initiated their descent, they were committed to completing the landing.

The airport's last flights were in the 1980s. Since then, the land has been turned into a housing development.

Resorts
The community is anchored by several historically significant mountain resorts. On the north shore, Ducey's Lodge, originally built in 1941, was rebuilt after a fire in 1988. The Pines Resort, also on the north shore, was initially established in 1901 and was rebuilt following a fire in 1962. On the south shore, The Forks Resort opened in 1927. In the same area, Miller’s Landing, was established by John McDougald in 1928.

Recreation
Bass Lake supports a vibrant tourism industry. By the 1950s, the lake was already attracting over half a million visitors every year.

The lake's water temperature typically reaches 80 F during the summer, making it an ideal spot for a host of water activities, including fishing, swimming, water skiing, and boating. In addition, trails in the area attract hikers and mountain bikers.

Moreover, Bass Lake is a common starting point for trips into the high Sierra and nearby Yosemite National Park.

Since 1930, Bass Lake has been the host of an aerial fireworks display on Independence Day, with the exception of a hiatus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Known as the largest fireworks show in Madera County, this event attracts an estimated crowd of 60,000 people each year.

Triathlon, a sport with a rich history at Bass Lake, was the host of the 1983 and 1984 USA Triathlon (USAT) and United States Triathlon Series (USTS) National Championships. Known for its scenic, challenging course, it's a top West Coast event. After a hiatus, the Bass Lake Triathlon returned in 2011.

Education
Bass Lake Elementary School, situated at the north end of the lake and operational from 1947 to 2010, provided education to the community for 63 years. The school consistently faced low enrollment, usually below 100 students, and financial difficulties, placing it at frequent risk of closure.

The eventual closure of the school was a result of continuously declining student numbers and rising operational expenses, culminating in a $1.3 million deficit over its final ten years. The school's enrollment dropped to just 44 students, rendering it ineligible for state funding designated for small schools.

Hells Angels
Starting in 1963, Bass Lake became a regular meeting spot for the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club, drawing large numbers of members from all over the state every Memorial Day weekend. The 1965 Bass Lake Run was vividly chronicled by acclaimed journalist Hunter S. Thompson in his debut book, Hell's Angels: The Strange and Terrible Saga of the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs.

Local residents often viewed these yearly gatherings with trepidation, linking the influx of motorcyclists with an uptick in crime and a decrease in tourist activity. In response, each year, law enforcement units from Madera County and nearby regions imposed measures such as roadblocks, curfews, and campground restrictions, with the aim of mitigating or managing the activities of the Hells Angels.

The Bass Lake Run witnessed its heyday in the 1970s, after which it started to decline. By the late 1980s, the event had effectively disappeared.

In Media
Bass Lake has been the location of several Hollywood film shoots throughout its history.

The adventure film Carnival Boat, produced by RKO Pictures in 1931, was filmed at the Sugar Pine Lumber Company on the eastern side of Bass Lake. The film, starring William Boyd and Ginger Rogers, was lauded for its authentic portrayal of life in lumber camps.

In 1945, Bass Lake was used to film scenes for the psychological thriller and film noir melodrama, Leave Her to Heaven. The movie, produced by 20th Century Fox, utilized Bass Lake to represent a lake in northern Maine.

The Great Outdoors, an American comedy film written and produced by John Hughes, was filmed at Bass Lake in October 1987. The film, starring Dan Aykroyd and John Candy, used Bass Lake as the setting for the fictional Lake Potowotominimac. Ducey's Bass Lake Lodge, a resort dating back to the 1940s, was used as a key location in the film.

title: Bass Lake (Madera County, California)


text:
Talk:Diederik Korteweg

clean up
We really need more than this ! A curate's egg 18:14, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The entry has been expanded to a "start" article. I'm updating the status. gidonb (talk) 17:49, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

Pronunciation of 'Korteweg'
Can any Dutch-speakers provide guidance, please? --jftsang 20:32, 3 June 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Diederik Korteweg


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Talk:Catwoman

Uncategorised comments
I believe there's a slight inaccuracy concerning Patience Phillips, Although she is Catwoman she is the proteter of New york city. With Ofialia Powers as her mentour and guid Patience is invinsible. Midnight one of Ofialia's cats help Patience time to time. She helped Patience figuer out that she spent a lift time caged but if she finds that freedum is power that she can do anything. Every site, smell, and hearing is totaly hightened to the aspets of a cat. Her love of her life Tom Lone has to put her in jail for being framed by Mrs.Hidaire, she killed her hunbund so Catwoman would be put in jail she would have no one in her way, but she all ready Killed Patience. With out midnight testing her will power to go on a leg of her appartment to save midnight. Patience would still be dead if midnight didn't give her the power of catwoman she wouldn't be abole to stop mrs.Hidaire. But she had to break up with Tom so he wouldn't git heart if catwoman got in truble. But there is one thing everyone in New York city knows that Catwoman saved the day.

There have been many origins and histories of the Catwoman in the comicbooks.

"In her original origin, Selina Kyle had been the wife of an abusive man, who decided to leave her husband. However her husband had kept her jewelery in his private vault, and she had to break into it to retrieve them. She enjoyed this experience so much she decided to become a professional costumed cat burglar and thus began a career that would repeatedly lead to her encountering the Batman. This origin, though rarely cited, remained in place up until the mid 1980s."

That was not her original origin. That came from Brave and the Bold#197 in the 1980's. The original origin was that she was a flight attendant who became amnesiac in a plane crash. The B and B#197 reveals that she dissembled when she related that tale.

"The second main origin of Catwoman came in 1986 when writer Frank Miller and artist David Mazzucchelli produced Batman: Year One, an attempt to re-envision Batman’s origin. In the course of the story the origin of Catwoman was also re-envisioned, as Selina Kyle was re-introduced as a cat-loving prostitute/dominatrix who is inspired to become a costumed cat burglar when she sees Batman in action."

"It is currently unclear how much of these stories remain canonical to Catwoman’s origin, as various stories and editor’s statements over the years since have stated that Selina was never a prostitute and that other events depicted in those stories never happened."

I recall that a writer (Jo Duffy?) intimated that Kyle posed as a prostitute as a ruse to get alone with men and then steal their valuables.

....................................... Enda80-thanks for correcting the article after I wrote in with the above. That said, it got me thinking; lucky for Selina Kyle that the Earth-2 Batman never thought of asking the Earth-2 Catwoman which airline she worked for, and then checking with said airline as to any plane crashes.

 * I edited and expanded the JLA/Catwoman #47-8 section of the recent history portion of the entry to make clearer what actually went on in JLA #119 and Catwoman # 48. One other thing: I think something should be added to the entry to mention the recent Loeb/Sale mini-series Catwoman: When in Rome.--Galliaz 14:59, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

Images
Why is the main picture of a marvel comics character by the name of X-Cutioner?

I think the main image of the article is nice, quite illustrative, but not nearly as striking as, say, the main image from the Joker or the Poison Ivy articles. The way I see it, the ideal one would be the cover for Catwoman No 46 by Adam Hughes. The wikipedian(s) who got the high resolution cover of No 50 (thank you very much, by the way, whoever you are) should be able to get it, don't you think? --Fue encontrado 14:41, 27 Novemeber 2005
 * I think that the main cover of the article should more fun than "nine lives", for example the #46 or the #48 are perfectly reflecting the character with her actual costume. But, "nine lives" is interesting for all the costumes, so... it's ok for me. But the cover to #1 isn't interesting instead of the #48 for the "environment" and not only for the costume. And finally, why the #50 cover??? Is it a Zatanna article?? So let's try discuss about this instead of changing every day the differents illustrations, this is boring!! Kaperni | Talk 19:29, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * The Zatanna cover is the cover to Catwoman #50, which deals with her possibly being mindwiped Zatanna, a major thing for the character.
 * And #1 is more significant than #48 (which is so dark it looks like she has no arms). Furthermore, how was it better than the #25 cover?--DrBat 19:46, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I know fot the Zatanna thing. Do you want to illustrate the article about Catwoman or a storyline? To choose between #46, #48 or #50, I definitely prefer #48 (for the thief part that is a important part of the activity of catwoman... no?) and #46. And I prefer #25 to #01, I don't think it's me that change this cover, the #01 is... horrible? maybe I'm a Hughes victim too, but illustrating an article with nice covers seems important and attractive to me Kaperni | Talk 21:12, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * The Zatanna cover is right next to the chunk of the article dealing with her.
 * And the Brubaker/Cooke run is far more significant. And I dont see how #48 shows she's a thief. She looks like she's hiding, and due to the darkness she appears armless--DrBat 22:01, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * It seems that I am totally stupid... I sait I know for the Zatanna story, so... why not a cover with Hush for the part dealing wth Batman : HUSH, or the supervillain Harley Quinn... Sorry, it's not so evident for me to illustrate the part of the article with the a big Zatanna on the cover (and a little catwoman). And I think the variant cover is much better, that's the reason why Hughes re-draw it.
 * The Brubaker/Cooke run is maybe far more significant, but the cover is not. And for the #48 cover... well... Maybe I'm stupid but seems that you're blind Kaperni | Talk 21:36, 1 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Really? The first issue isn't significant? It's certainly more significant than a random cover of her posing.
 * Concerning Hush and Zatanna; Hush is only mentioned in one sentence, and the deal with HQ shooting her isnt dealt with at all. Furthermore, the mindwiping part takes up a decent chunk of the article, and is a big part for the character.--DrBat 23:39, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

Is there any reasonable way to resolve this battle over the images? I actually see value in having the first Brubaker/Cooke cover and the more recent one, (which I think captures something about the character). Is it technically possible to set up a wild-card/randomizer thing which would make it possible for either of the images to appear on the reader's screen when they access the page? The reason I suggest this solution is because I definitely don't think the article would be improved by shoe-horning another image into it.--Galliaz 17:15, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * That's the reason why I prefer writting here instead of changing the covers of the article every 2 hours. DrBat explained his reasons and I explained mines. Seems that there's several others people thinking the covers of DrBat aren't the better choice, he's the only one wanting absolutly those two covers.
 * My opinion is "why not", OK for the #1 cover, I understand DrBat's arguments. But the #50 isn't necessary at all and my preference is for the #48 cover "that capture something about the character". Is anyone agree?
 * What does #48 have to do with the mindwiping arc (which is what the image #50 is next to)? The arc in question takes up a good chunk of the page, as opposed to something like Hush which is only mentioned once.
 * #48 is not a good cover. It shows her against a wall, and I was more under the impression she was hiding from the villains as opposed to stealing something. Her being a thief is not reflected anywhere there, and its so dark it looks like she's missing her arms. --DrBat 20:10, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

The images up now strike me as adequate for the entry: we've got the covers to CW's various #1 issues, and the upcoming #50. It's pretty clear that #50 will be a very big deal, and should be displayed. In a recent chat over at CBR, Will Pfeifer hinted that events in the issue will prove to be a turning point for Selina. (http://www.comicbookresources.com/news/newsitem.cgi?id=6228) Does this work for everyone else?--Galliaz 02:23, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Dark Knight Returns info in Modern Age section
Since CW's role is so marginal in Miller's book, I don't think this information actually needs to be in this entry at all. (Especially since DKR isn't in continuity.) It's inclusion adds nothing to the entry.--Galliaz 00:31, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Rather than expanding this sub-section, I think we should be working to radically condense it and integrate the information we want to keep into the body of the section. As I've said, this information doesn't add much to an entry about Catwoman.  (It'd be fine in an entry on Miller or an entry on the DKR, but is of marginal value here.) Galliaz 22:49, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I integrated the DKR info into the entry; it now directly follows what is said about Miller's Year One. (They were published the same year.)--Galliaz 14:19, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Fan film image
The image that User:Blinky500 has added and re-added (without explanation) to the article has no copyright information associated with it. Therefore, I've removed it and think it should stay removed until such issue is resolved. I also have a concern that Blinky500 is associated with Blinky Productions, and plugging one's own products is a no-no on Wikipedia. Please see Wikipedia is not a soapbox for more information and guidelines. Thanks, dfg 18:46, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Fair use
Hey guys -- I think maybe this article is pushing it on fair use. There are a lot of comics covers in this article, including more than one by Adam Hughes. They're pretty, and I like the illustration, but is it necessary to have so many? I think we should just have a few that are more necessary. Mangojuice 14:05, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

Merge Bibiliography
Looking at how small the bibliography page is, I'm for merging it in here. -- Ipstenu 18:20, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Whaaaaat? Catwoman deserves her own dadgum entry. Do NOT merge her into a bibliography page. Good grief, would people then merge all superheroes/villains into bibliography pages? I hope not. Wryspy 04:00, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

 * It's not about emrging the Catwoman entry into something else, but adding her bibliography to her entry. --Chris Griswold 15:40, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, I vote the deletion of the bibliography page. It serves no purpose. Kusonaga 12:04, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

 * A bibliography does not belong here. Wryspy 17:34, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree - I don't think that the bibliography should be deleted. However, an Afd has been initiated, so if you have an opinion about this, one way or the other, I urge you to make your feelings known. GentlemanGhost 04:08, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

WHOA, I completely disagree with deleting the bibliography page!!! I think it serves the very obvious purpose of a bigger and better resource for anyone who comes to Wikipedia looking for more on this subject/character, and her history. On the subject of merging - it does not matter to me whether it is or isnt - I believe its a bit large to includeon the main page; though it is pretty pertinent so maybe it should be bumped up on the "links" list. I am currently adding to the "Graphic Novels" portion - anyone who has better/additional information and wants to help please do :) ~BluderFly July 12, 2006 1:44 am est. time

Category:LGBT comic book characters
Holly Robinson, the current Catwoman is a lesbian. But since this article is about both her and Selina Kyle (who is straight) I'm wondering if this category should be added to the bottom of the page. Thoughts? -- The above comment was made by Spookyadler

I think it'd be fine to add in. IIRC, you can make it with a |Robinson, Holly, so we get the right one in. -- Ipstenu 13:43, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

I don't think we should. Holly has her own page, we can add it there. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 167.206.190.114 (talk)

As of April we had not split the pages yet. -- Ipstenu ( talk | contribs ) 01:46, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

Multiple Catwoman Split
There are multiple Catwomen right now. Selina and Holly (comics), Selina and Patience (movies), and all the myriad ones from TV. I can't help but feel there has to be a better way to organize this. Maybe make a Catwoman (movies) and Catwoman (Television) page to shunt off things? Admitedly 'Catwoman = Selina Kyle' so she should be the main focus of the page, but ... which Selina? I think comics. -- Ipstenu 15:58, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure that any of the individual Catwomen are extensive enough of a subject to warrant a split. --Chris Griswold 17:31, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

 * One a related subject, the Holly section should fill out more of her history, not just what's happening with the character right now. And the OYL-Selina stuff should be in her section, not Holly's. --DrBat 00:05, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Selina Kyle and Holly Robinson should have two separate pages, with a single page that overlooks all Catwomen, like what was done with Robin.

Yes, I agree, that makes sense. Let's make it happen.--a_gx7

We split Holly off already. Anyone think we should make a Catwoman (movies)? I don't. -- Ipstenu ( talk | contribs ) 14:18, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * We all know about Selina Kyle, the first and most widely used Catwoman. But what I came here to find what who the other Catwomen were, and I was sorely disappointed that there was no section for, and little reference to, that.85.237.212.249 (talk) 16:06, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

Very Important Image
So theres this image of catwoman with a cat head on peering into a treasure chest...can anyone find it?

Too Much?!?!
OK, I love Catwoman and I love obsessing about minute comic character details as much as anyone, but am I the only one that feels that the paragraph discussing Selina's hair color in Catwoman is overkill? TAnthony 04:42, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Hhahahhahah, I just made a comment about that in an edit summary without reading yours here. The info is sort of ok, but the important details need to be explored too. Check the section below.--The Judge 14:11, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I trimmed that section down, hacked out the spec about her hair (it borders on original research) and tried to clean it up. Explore important details, yes. Give an ep by ep break down? No. -- Ipstenu ( talk | contribs ) 15:51, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * No, it isn't original research at all. The hair thing was publiches in The Lost Years which is suposed to be one of the few comic boos cannonical to the mythos. Otherwise I'd have chopped off the hair thing myself. I vote to keep it. It was odd having it with so much missing info, but know, as trivia I think is ok. After all, I've seen trivial sections way more trivial than that. Besides, I think the hair thing makes it more women-friendly. I'm just kiiiiidding! hahahah.--The Judge 18:06, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * By original research I meant that the comments along the lines of 'It's possible that her hair was...' is speculation and kinda weird. I trimmed the hair paragraph to "Initially Selina had blonde hair, coinciding with the release of Batman Returns, in which she was played by blonde actress Michelle Pfeiffer. In the revamp, she appears to have shorter black hair. Whether her hair was dyed or her natural color was never made clear in the series itself, however in the episode "Tyger, Tyger", Selina became a cat/woman hybrid and her hair (or rather fur) was blonde. Some episodes have stated that her original color was blonde, that she dyed it black, and abandoned the regular products she used (due to animal testing) until she found some that didn't use animal testing." which I think touches on the episode as well as the issue involved, while keeping it contextual. I'm anti-triva sections, since they're nto permitted in Feature Arrticles, and I think all articles should have feature potential :) -- Ipstenu ( talk | contribs ) 19:14, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, let's remove all of the hair info. It's a little creepy and needless. --Chris Griswold (  ☎  ☓  )  19:26, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * There's encyclopaedic and there's 'fat smelly sweaty guy in the back of the comic shop who drools on the catwoman issues'. id suggest further revising the whole 'physical appearance' thing to suggest that her appearance has occasionally been modified in minor ways to match current motion picture versions of the character, but not always... otherwise, we'll be into which artists forgot how in batman #xxx, she got a scar but in issue 27 of her book, page 7 panel four the scar was upside down, so continuity blah blah blah. CREEEEEEEEEEPYYYYYY. ThuranX 20:55, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Missing info
I filled some missing info. However some copyedit is needed. I speak English as second language, so please make sure my grammar is correct.--The Judge 14:09, 6 September 2006 (UTC) Not allowed to edit. For novel section (appearances) here’s something to add. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 3AAAAA1 (talk • contribs) 08:03, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

images 2
Do we need 'alternating' patterns on the images on the page? I do not think that 'decorating' the page is encyclopedic.ThuranX 00:03, 13 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't think it's 'decorating' so much as layout-adjusting, which is a part of making a readable encyclopedia. The alternating helps keep paragraphs a little thinner, which assists in reading, at least, from what I recall from newspaper work. It's a 'flow' issue. -- Ipstenu ( talk | contribs ) 13:18, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree, it's a question of lay-out and readability, rather than mere decoration.--Galliaz 13:26, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

Image:TBCatwoman.gif
Can someone more experienced in licensing look at this image? it reads as computer game, but then it says it's from a website and I don't see anything on that site to indicate where it got the license. Something feels wrong, but I'm not as up to date on that as I'd like to be. -- Ipstenu ( talk | contribs ) 14:02, 13 September 2006 (UTC)
 * It looks like fan art to me. That's not exactly the style of The Batman. --Chris Griswold (  ☎  ☓  )  06:11, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't watch it, myself, but my main concern was that the website it's from doesn't list any license info. Which means we may have it fair from them, but they may have gotten it illegally.  Do we have a 'help! Image copyright in question!' WP team here? -- Ipstenu ( talk | contribs ) 14:28, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia_talk:Uploading_images. CovenantD 22:01, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I can assure you it is not fan art. That is in fact how she looks in the show, and is from her model sheet.

Hero or Villian
she is a protagonist. She has an interest for jewelry, but she is allso aware of the mother earth or whatever is threatening it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.233.247.10 (talk) 20:23, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

She's a "Robin Hood" type of character. She's an anti-heroine.--Splashen (talk) 06:24, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

Eartha Kitt
Did Eartha play Selina Kyle, or a second Catwoman? ~ZytheTalk to me! 19:23, 22 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Did Catwoman have another name in that series? I can't remember. --Chris Griswold (  ☎  ☓  ) 20:01, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

She listed as 'Catwoman' and nothing more. -- <b style="color:green;">Ipstenu</b> ( talk | contribs ) 22:12, 22 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay! I was watching a Catwoman featurette on the DVD and Halle said "both the original sixties Selina Kyle as well as... Eartha Kitt's character", or something like that. Made me wonder. It would also have made sense, too.~<b style="color:purple;">Zythe</b>Talk to me! 00:42, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, they weren't concerned with such trivial things as continuity ;) One of the Catwomans was a princess or something ... I'd have to start watching it on re-runs, Sunday morning. -- <b style="color:green;">Ipstenu</b> ( talk | contribs ) 01:23, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

Who knows, maybe Eartha Kitt's character was Patience Phillips lol! As far as I'm aware, the character of Selina Kyle did not exist in the 60s TV show. Eartha, Julie and Lee's Catwomen were all born "Catwoman" in the costume and had no human identity! lol! Remember when Lee slaps one of her henchmen for calling her by her real name in public, after he says "Ahoy there, Catwoman!" 80.47.0.42 01:59, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

Selina Kyle
When did the name, Selina Kyle first referenced to? 68.82.82.248 08:44, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Publication History
In order to better review the character as a character, instead of giving a person a bio, should this articel be examined for ways to construct a 'Publication History' instead? it would allow items such at this:
 * After the events in 52, Selina gave birth to a daughter named Helena. That name is the same as Catwoman and Batman's daughter on Earth 2 (that universe's Huntress). The name is also the same as Catwoman and Batman's daughter in the Birds of Prey live-action television series as Huntress.

to better be incorporated as well. This was in the trivia section, but isn't particularly 'trivial', as it has some Out-Of-Universe relations to DC's reboots and reworkigns of continuity. ThuranX 19:10, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

Removed Sections
These parts seem to keep getting cut fromt he article in some pissing match, so I've now put them here, which allows for some industrious contributor or editor to cite the statements. Once that is done, they can be placed back into the article.

 * Catwoman parodies and homages
 * One of the recurring villains in the cartoon Xiaolin Showdown was called "Katnappe," and was similar to Catwoman in appearance and behavior.
 * Mink, a member of Marvel Comics Squadron Supreme, appears to be based loosely on Catwoman. An heiress who turns to life of crime for excitement, she is a part of Nighthawk's America Redeemers. She is in love with Nighthawk, a character based on Batman.
 * In the comic book miniseries Wanted by Mark Millar, The Fox is a pastiche of Catwoman character elements, with the background of the Batman: Year One former prostitute, the thrill-seeking attitude of the Gold/Silver Age version, and a look clearly based on actress [[Halle Berry).

- Arcayne   (cast a spell)  21:31, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

More uncited, yet interesting material, awaiting reliable citation:

 * Catwoman was so popular that Warner Bros. found the need to replenish the Catwoman posters in various cities because the bus stop ads were being stolen. (Police officers  patrolled the stops to deter perpetrators from breaking the Plexiglas poster-holders.) The large-scale Catwoman ads are worth a great deal of money.

- Arcayne   (cast a spell)  21:53, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Brother
Doesn't she have a brother Kyle, shouldn't that be at least mentioned. My comic collection is packed away so no source things or info, but I'm sure he existed briefly. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.137.207.191 (talk) 11:43, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

Credited by DC
To me, the statement: "credited by DC" seems superfluous. DC just acknowledges that everything that came out of the Kane Studio was Kane's no matter who came up with the idea first. Why? It's just shorthand. Basically, Finger wasn't working for himself, he was working for Kane and anything he contributed "belonged" to Kane. But for our purposes, doesn't it make more sense to just list the names of who was involved and the chain of creation as best to our knowledge? Kane himself has said that when it came to the villains, most of the time, Finger would come up with a concept and they would "talk it over". He credited Finger with most of the villain concepts but freely admitted they collaborated on the final versions. Kane wanted a "Jean Harlowe" type of villainess, Finger came up with The Cat who would eventually become the Cat-Woman. With the Penguin, he claims he came up with the idea for The Penguin based on a cigarette ad, what Finger delivered a was a character inspired by overweight businessmen Bill saw everyday. Supposedly, according to Fred Finger, Bill's wife gave him the general idea of tricky umbrellas.(If you need exact quotes I can provide them later) but I just think we don't need "Credited by DC". Let's just list the names?

What do think? If someone else came up with a concept that was either rejected or re-worked (like with Jerry Robinson with the Joker or Jack Kirby and Spider-Man, should they be given "credit" for the concept or put at the bottom (foundation?) of the chain of creation? What do you think?Bernard ferrell (talk) 18:00, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

Toys
There was a line of Batman action figures that had as its premise that Batman was tossed into a bizarre alternate reality where noteable figures in his rogues gallery have taken nightmarish form. One of them was Catwoman, wearing a variant of her purple costume and accompanied by a machanoid panther that transformed into a powered exoskeleton whose tail could be used as Catwoman's whip. Misterandersen (talk) 15:04, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

BDSM?
I wonder if Catwoman's look or appeal is related to, or inspired by, BDSM? Seems like it. 71.122.67.169 (talk) 18:17, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

 * See Batman Year One for more on that. in that origin, she started out as a prostitute. ThuranX (talk) 18:52, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

Golden Age Batman
I came here looking for information on Golden Age Catwoman as she was originally, and found the section here confusing. I don't want information on how she was retconed decades later to make her origin fit, I want to know how she was originally written by Bob Kane. 70.178.126.66 (talk) 15:08, 25 July 2008 (UTC)
 * You might want to check other sites like Don Markstein's Toonopedia.Rickremember (talk) 20:13, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Comics B-Class Assesment required
This article needs the B-Class checklist filled in to remain a B-Class article for the Comics WikiProject. If the checklist is not filled in by 7th August this article will be re-assessed as C-Class. The checklist should be filled out referencing the guidance given at Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment/B-Class criteria. For further details please contact the Comics WikiProject. Comics-awb (talk) 16:02, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Delete the section about Nolan's series?
It revolves mostly around rumors. The only word from those actually involved it the series comes from Goyer saying that they'd prefer not to use her. Any other thoughts or is anyone in disagreement? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.123.109.19 (talk) 01:04, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

C-Class rated for Comics Project
As this B-Class article has yet to receive a review, it has been rated as C-Class. If you disagree and would like to request an assesment, please visit WikiProject_Comics/Assessment and list the article. Hiding T 12:52, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Batman Beyond
This information has been added to the Animation section on more than one occasion. It speaks to the persistence of Catwoman across different series and time. If the section is objectional because there was no actual apperance, then the following Krypto metion should be removed as well. Thoughts? --Crusher1 (talk) 17:42, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

Gay
Someone told me that the reason Catwoman was created/introduced was to let people know that Batman and Robin weren't gay as Batman would now have a female love interest. Is there any source backing this up or is this just a rumor? If it's true, shouldn't it be in the article? Emperor001 (talk) 16:48, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

 * GO find sources for it beyond 'someone who told you', and let us know. ThuranX (talk) 17:06, 16 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't know where to look. I was asking if anyone else had heard the same from a reliable source.  Emperor001 (talk) 01:25, 17 May 2009 (UTC)

Catwoman was introduced way back in 1940. The whole "gay" issue really was silly overwrought and non-scientific conjecture by Frederic Wertham, several years later (see info on the forming of the Comics Code).70.57.179.7 (talk) 21:20, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

 * It was probably silly but it was Batwoman who was supposedly created to counter Wertham. Later on in the 1964 revamp Aunt Harriet Cooper replaced Alfred for similar reasons. Timrollpickering (talk) 19:06, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

Publication history
Other comic book articles have the publication history and the characters biography split into two different sections. I think this article would be easier to read if we did the same here, due to the wealth of history of the character. I'd start, but I just don't have the time.151.166.15.115 (talk) 17:21, 21 August 2009 (UTC)

wat do think u can do bout cat woman —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.213.33.14 (talk) 22:05, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

Spring is not a month
Catwoman's first appearance is currently listed as Spring 1940. Spring is not a month. Does anyone know the exact month it was published in? I've tried to find a reliable source but every book I've looked in says Spring 1940. 110.174.166.224 (talk) 03:38, 28 December 2010 (UTC)

 * The cover date is "Spring", which isn't an odd practice - some magazines have, and still do, run on a quarterly publication schedule.
 * In general the cover date is used in identifying the particular issue. "Month" is use for conveniance since the vast majority of comics have either been produced monthly or specify a single month on the cover. The same fields are used for cases where the cover lists multiple months (bi-monthly), partial months (bi-weekly), month and day (weekly), season (quartely), or "Holiday" (a rare occurance).
 * And since all the sources you are likely to try agree with this, please don't try to fix something that isn't broken.
 * - J Greb (talk) 04:03, 28 December 2010 (UTC)
 * It may not be "broken" but it does create a problem regarding Robin's first appearance. Robin appeared in Detective Comics #38 (April 1940) but he also appeared in Batman #1 (Spring 1940). How do we know which one came first? 110.174.166.224 (talk) 02:44, 29 December 2010 (UTC)
 * What do reliable sources list it as? That's generally how information is culled into Wikipedia, not trying to figure out if "Spring" for DC in 1940 was March-May, mid March-mid June, or April-June, which of those 13 weeks Batman #1 shipped, and which of the 4 weeks associated with April Detective Comics #38 shipped. - J Greb (talk) 03:48, 29 December 2010 (UTC)

So... about that code...
"For many years Catwoman thrived, but from September 1954 to November 1966 she took an extended hiatus due to the newly developing Comics Code Authority in 1954. These issues involved the rules regarding the development and portrayal of female characters that were in violation with the Comics Code."

What rules? What ran contrary to these unlisted rules? Was it the development of Catwoman that went against them? Her costume? Her whip? The fact that she was female? This is mentioned twice in the article, but no details are given either time.99.135.94.37 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 02:57, 10 December 2011 (UTC).
 * There are a number of assertions made in the lead and the non-plot glut portion of what is passed as "Character and publication history" that need sourcing. This is one of the top three with the inspiration by Lamarr/Harlow and the antihero label.
 * Not a good situation for a character where there should be abundant sources for this type of info.
 * - J Greb (talk) 06:31, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

yellowCat connection
Why no mention of the modern Catwoman being a ripoff (or at least coming after) Black Cat? Most people seem to think the contrary. http://www.comicbookmovie.com/fansites/Corndogburglar/news/?a=45160 - Darkhawk —Preceding undated comment added 16:18, 20 January 2012 (UTC).
 * Let's see... I believe the standard there is: "Have you got reliable secondary sources for that or only original research and blogs?"
 * - J Greb (talk) 22:59, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 17 January 2014
Please change 1992 Batman Returns film to 1991 Batman Returns filmJeneire (talk) 16:28, 17 January 2014 (UTC)

Jeneire (talk) 16:28, 17 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Batman Returns was released in 1992. RudolfRed (talk) 02:33, 18 January 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 18 January 2014
very stupid — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.8.239.120 (talk) 19:02, 18 January 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 February 2014
I like to add three trade paperback to the list because they are no there.

Doctordoom61 (talk) 18:32, 10 February 2014 (UTC)

Please also cite reliable sources to back up your request, without which no information should be added to any article. - Arjayay (talk) 19:10, 10 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: If you want to suggest a change, please request this in the form "Please replace XXX with YYY" or "Please add ZZZ between PPP and QQQ".

Remove Catwoman (2004 film)
Since this article is about Selina Kyle, I feel that we shouldn't put the 2004 Catwoman movie under the "in other media" section since it is a catwoman-in-name-only film and features Patience Phillips and does not take place in Gotham City. At most we should leave that last paragraph under the "Batman Returns" section which says that Pfeiffer's planned film became Halle Berry's film.--Zinthos7 (talk) 12:14, 5 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Actually, there's no citation to verify it was ever planned for Pfeiffer. Doczilla  @SUPERHEROLOGIST 00:28, 10 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Here it is:

--Zinthos7 (talk) 06:31, 10 June 2014 (UTC)
 * http://variety.com/1993/voices/columns/dish-6-107881/
 * http://variety.com/1993/voices/columns/another-life-at-wb-for-catwoman-and-burton-109036/
 * Ashley Judd snatched the role: http://variety.com/2001/film/news/wb-judd-purr-fect-as-cat-1117796285

Birds of Prey
Also in the Birds of Prey Season 1 Episode 1 "Pilot" credits, Maggie. Baird portrayed Diana's mother, not Catwoman. Catwoman, Batman and Joker's actors were uncredited.--Zinthos7 (talk) 10:06, 8 June 2014 (UTC)

Rewrite article
This article is very longwinded, stating irrelevant facts. I have rewritten this article at my sandbox, so, if any administrator feels my proposal is better than the current article, can you use it for the article? If it needs one or two touch ups, please inform me and I will make them. If not, please use mine. For the alternative versions section, I only know of her flashpoint version. I'm sure there are more than that so please add to it. For images, I can't use them for my sandbox (fair-use policy), so, when you put my text into this article, please add the images too. Thank you. Here is the link: User:Mysrot/sandbox -- Mysrot (talk) 13:40, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 July 2014
Make the following change under "Video Games":

becomes
 * Catwoman (Patience Phillips) appears in the Catwoman video game, a tie-in to 2004's Catwoman feature film starring Halle Berry.
 * Catwoman (Patience Phillips), voiced by Jennifer Hale, appears in the Catwoman video game, a tie-in to 2004's Catwoman feature film.

The source for this change is this tweet by Hale herself.

69.136.149.237 (talk) 05:13, 10 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: as tweets are not a reliable sources to back up your request. - Arjayay (talk) 08:05, 10 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Since when? According to WP:SELFSOURCE, "Self-published or questionable sources may be used as sources of information about themselves[...]without the requirement that they be published experts in the field", and seeing as the issue in question is whether Hale voiced the character or not, she would be the primary authority regarding which characters she played. Furthermore, this request does not go against the five requirements of WP:SELFSOURCE, as Hale voicing Catwoman is not an outrageous claim, it is about herself and not another party, it is directly related to the subject of Catwoman portrayals in popular media, there is no doubt that this is Hale herself making these statements, and there are plenty of other sources to back up all the other statements on the article unrelated to the voice actress in the Catwoman video game. The source is fine. -- 69.136.149.237 (talk) 00:36, 11 July 2014 (UTC)

New separate page for Catwoman's appearances in other media?
I think her list of appearances outside of the comic books are prolific enough to warrant its own page. So basically splitting this page into Catwoman and Catwoman in other media. What does everyone think? Haleth (talk) 09:29, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * She's in Gotham and that needs to go somewhere.— Vchimpanzee  •  talk  •  contributions  •  21:37, 16 November 2015 (UTC)

Bisexual
She officially came out as bisexual in the latest issue. Can the lgbt comic chracter category be added now? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 27.3.4.81 (talk) 12:15, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

Categories that would apply: Category:LGBT characters in comics, Category:Fictional LGBT characters and its subcategories Category:Fictional bisexuals and Category:Fictional bisexual females. Should we go ahead with this? Elideb (talk) 00:27, 11 May 2015 (UTC)

Keeper of the castle
I've added a new section for the most recent story arc, Keeper of the castle. It's quite short, as I didn't want to tell too much about the story, and I'm not sure how much is supposed to be told. Please, review it and reduce/expand as you see fit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Elideb (talk • contribs) 20:35, 10 May 2015 (UTC)

Multiple issues tag
The multiple issues tag says the article 1) needs more citations, 2) is slanted towards recent events, and 3) the plot summary is too detailed. I agree that the article certainly needs more citations. As for an excessively detailed plot summary, that is primarily occurring in the "Modern Age version" subsection, not the entire article.

Is the article actually slanted towards recent events? Perhaps more information is needed in the "Golden and Silver Age versions" subsection so it appears more balanced. But the Modern Age started in the 1980s, and the article covers the entire period quite well with a good balance in comparison to the more recent millennial years. The Catwoman article is nowhere near as heavy in emphasis to recent events compared to most other comic book character articles. What do editors think in regards to removing the tag claiming the article is slanted towards recent events? Also, should the tag of an excessively detailed plot be moved to where it is occurring in the article ("Modern Age version" subsection), since the entire article is not plagued with these problems, and that way editors know exactly what needs to be trimmed? The Batman article was extremely cumbersome with excessive plot details (it actually still is), however the article does not have the tag in the beginning of the article; the tag was once in the "Modern Age" subsection and editors got rid of most of the excessive information with the eventual removal of the tag. JosephSpiral (talk) 23:21, 20 May 2015 (UTC)

Image
I have reverted the infobox image to "Adam Hughe's Catwoman.jpg", which was recently changed without discussion. It displays the character's outfit better and is drawn by renowned Catwoman artist Adam Hughes. The image by Alex Ross is not a good fit for the infobox as it only shows the character's face and chest. DrRC (talk) 22:57, 25 June 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Catwoman. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20160106115847/http://www.life.com/gallery/54741/catwoman-through-the-years to http://www.life.com/gallery/54741/catwoman-through-the-years#index/0

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at Sourcecheck).

Cheers.—<sup style="color:green;font-family:Courier">cyberbot II <sub style="margin-left:-14.9ex;color:green;font-family:Comic Sans MS"> Talk to my owner :Online 10:04, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

Source actress : request addition to article
Could someone with access to this article please add Hedy Lamarr to the list of reference actresses for Catwoman? This is mentioned in the production information for Batman: The Dark Knight Rises, as well as from a number of DC character origin information sources. I'm surprised this was missed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.13.188.43 (talk) 16:03, 11 April 2016 (UTC)

Proper Source References
In the Publication History section,there really needs to be the occasional title issue# and volume referenced so the readers know which story arc is being summarized and referred to? At least 1 source reference per story arc and Book Title change. Also there should really be some information about each writer / artist team.

Ideally, character history and Publication History should be separate sections.2601:587:206:8780:B926:6525:DDFA:BBB0 (talk) 01:22, 23 December 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 April 2017
Please change 5.17, which says "In the Injustice universe (based on the video game of the same name), Catwoman is a co-founder of the Insurgency resistance with Batman, which was formed after the death of Dick Grayson. Though Selina supports Batman for five years, she eventually joins the Regime after losing hope that the Regime could truly be stopped." Please changed it to, "In the Injustice universe (based on the video game of the same name), Catwoman is a co-founder of the Insurgency resistance with Batman, which was formed after the death of Dick Grayson. After five years, as the REgime's power grows, Selina joins the Regime in order to protect Batman." This needs to be changed because Catwoman joins the Regime in order to protect Batman, not because she loses hope. This is stated in the Catwoman page of the Injustice:Gods Among Us wiki page. 68.191.240.48 (talk) 01:23, 1 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made.  JTP (talk • contribs) 03:25, 1 April 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 June 2017
Primarinna23 (talk) 00:33, 11 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 02:10, 11 June 2017 (UTC)

Cat woman - Semi-protected edit request on 17 June 2017
The last line in the Rebirth section, where it says "In Batman #24 Bruce proposes to Selina. [43]," I think it would be cool if read:

"In Batman #24 (2017), Bruce proposes to Selina, referencing the first appearance of "the Cat" in Batman #1 (1940) by saying he remembered when they first met on a boat, that he had purchased the diamond she attempted to steal all those years ago, and he knew even in "the beginning." [43] Kreplaw (talk) 15:55, 17 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: We do not go into detail on plot elements per WP:PLOT. Izno (talk) 00:21, 18 June 2017 (UTC)

DC Rebirth / DC Universe 2018
Wow, didn't realize a fictional character's "biography" would need this level of protection.

Just trying to add the following:

In April 2018, DC announced that Joëlle Jones will write and draw a new ongoing Catwoman series.

Semi-protected edit request on 30 September 2018
Label Catwoman as a supervillain and occasional anti-hero, and put her in the category "Video game bosses" as in Lego Batman: The Videogame she is the first boss of Chapter 2 "Power-Crazed Penguin." 184.155.198.149 (talk) 17:43, 30 September 2018 (UTC)
 * ❌ She isn't a supervillain, having no superpowers. The article already says she is an "anti-heroine". Being a video game boss is not a significant or defining attribute of the character. <u style="text-decoration:none;font:1.1em/1em Arial Black;letter-spacing:-0.09em"><u style="text-decoration:none;color:#38a">Fish +<u style="text-decoration:none;color:#B44">Karate  11:03, 2 October 2018 (UTC)

new image
Hi, I am proposing to add this image File:Catwoman (DC Rebirth version).jpg on the info page.--NeoBatfreak (talk) 19:57, 28 January 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 January 2021
The first paragraph has a slightly misleading pipe link. Please change
 * adversaries that make up his rogues gallery.

to
 * adversaries that make up his rogues' gallery.

or
 * adversaries that make up his rogues' gallery.

Thanks. 96.244.220.178 (talk) 01:07, 25 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done RandomCanadian (talk / contribs) 02:40, 25 January 2021 (UTC)

Realism
Can someone please add Harley Quinn, Poison Ivy, and Holly Robinson to her partnerships please? Those are her closet friends. Daniel Nobles (talk) 01:57, 21 March 2021 (UTC)

 * Done! SinkingInMercury (talk) 03:25, 21 March 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 3 June 2021
Hello so I see the page is semi protected. I just wanted to add Catwoman into the "fictional females" category on this website, as I want to make that category a bit bigger. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fictional_females Aniemac17 (talk) 22:16, 3 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done in a way – a couple of the categories already on the article are subcategories of Category:Fictional females, so it's technically already included there.  Bsoyka  ( talk ·  contribs ) 03:57, 4 June 2021 (UTC)

Advice
Maybe /not/ mentioning Batman in the first line of a Wikipedia page about CATWOMAN is a good idea Everett Galindo Almendares (talk) 01:15, 14 June 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 March 2022

 * Peak human physical and mental condition
 * Expert burglar
 * Highly skilled martial artist and hand-to-hand combatant
 * Utilizing whips, sharp retractable claws, and climbing pitons 2804:14D:5C21:8F61:ACBD:2878:8400:538C (talk) 13:09, 2 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 13:15, 2 March 2022 (UTC)

Where are the Catwoman Vol. 5 Updates? Her series after the "New 52"?
The information on Catwoman's life fails to include her move to Villa Hermosa in Catwoman 1 (Vol. 5) after the end of the "New 52" and after the wedding falls apart. So nothing about the material collected in Copycats, Far From Gotham, Friend or Foe, Come Home Alley Cat, Valley of the Shadow of Death, Fear State, Dangerous Liaisons, or Cat International, comprising Catwoman 1-50 (Vol. 5). 75.162.149.203 (talk) 13:22, 29 August 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 September 2023

 * Highly skilled gymnast and athlete
 * Highly skilled martial artist and hand-to-hand combatant 2804:1B3:70C2:AE35:C89E:2A37:9A37:F5B9 (talk) 17:26, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Tollens (talk) 19:05, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Catwoman