text:
Talk:Fala (dog)

There are too many photos in this article. Could we delete a couple of redundant ones? --Sivaraj 16:19, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

I'm not sure of wikipedia guidelines on number of photos, but personally I enjoy them... --Dvyost 1:20, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

If I can make a suggestion, there is a class film of Fala on a beach (Normandy?) with ships landing troops and supplies in the background. There is also a photograph of Fala jumping into the car carrying President Roosevelt for his 1941 inauguration and him being utterly surprised. Either picture would contribute to the article by showing the importance of the dog to the president, without being redundant to the other pictures. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.33.125.132 (talk) 05:32, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

Mrs Kellog
The sources say that Fala's donor was Mrs Kellog. If her first name can be found, I have no objection to putting it in - although she would probably not have used it. Simply to remove Mrs. is to distort the record; and has the curious effect, for a burst of feminist enthusiasm, of asserting that Fala, her property, belonged to her husband. Septentrionalis 17:53, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

 * My apology--I kept reading it as "Augusta". Duh. Elf | Talk 21:31, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Language vs dog
Is a language, even if its spoken by only a few thousand people, really less relevant than FDRs dog? Wouldn't a neutral disambiguation be in order?

Peter Isotalo 22:46, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Each has its own article, with an idiomatic name. What's the problem? Why this tiff with "language"? Septentrionalis PMAnderson 23:00, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

 * This has nothing to do with the title of Fala language. I was asking whether this should be a dabpage or not.
 * Peter Isotalo 23:36, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm glad to see that this is a not a general objection to "language", despite Talk:Chinese written language. But, really, with only two articles, who would be served by a dabpage? That would mean that everyone would have to click to get where they want to be; this way only some readers do. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 19:32, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I can say that I was startled to see this here rather than the language. (Also have a passionate hatred of the familiar cannine species, but that's another story.)
 * Linguistics is one of the few things that Wikipedia does relatively well, which indicates I'm not the only one into linguistics who uses it. And Romance languages especially, have a lot of enthusiasts. (I'm more into Amerindian languages, which are, alas, much less well covered here than IE languages.)
 * I'd say that if there's going to be a default page it should be the language, which is older than the dog, unlike the mutt, still and around. Even going by what rouses more interest, I'd suspect the language is still more likely to generate hits.  Unless there's a way to count hits, in which case there could be a disambig for a  or two, to see which gets more. (I can see serveral reasons why the default page would get more, not the least of which is one needs to go there to access the talk page, so it would have to be a disambig to work.)  I swear there used to be a little hit counter on the bottom of the page, but I don't see it now. --71.192.117.127 00:04, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Plagerism
I've removed some text lifted from a book by Doris Kearns Goodwin and published in 1994. "No Ordinary Time, Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II" . 99.151.172.42 (talk) 13:31, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

Quote using Fala
Surely one of the most quoted lines from Roosevelt was (given in the Roosevelt accent of course), "I hate war. Eleanor hates war. My dog Fala hates war...." Said in support of "he kept us out of war in his third campaign in 1940. Have less than reliable source but it may still be true! Student7 (talk) 00:09, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

COI concerns
I've reverted a deletion by what appears to be a COI account primarily devoted to promoting research by a doctor of the same name; see that user's talk page for details. If uninvolved editors find this deletion to be a useful change to the article, however, please feel free to revert. -- Khazar2 (talk) 16:55, 17 December 2012 (UTC)

Fala film appearance
I don't know if the editors want to mention this, but the character of Fala the dog appeared in the film Princess O'Rourke (1943). He was played by a dog named Whiskers.Chandler75 (talk) 19:05, 24 April 2018 (UTC)Chandler75.

Place of birth?
I think the place of birth of the dog should be mentioned, if known. According to fdrlibrary, Fala belonged to a lady from Westport, Connecticut. This does not necessarily means that the dog was born there, but still I think it is meant in this way. Does someone know for sure? --KnightMove (talk) 08:09, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fala (dog)


text: File:Trust no one.jpg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Trust no one.jpg


text: User talk:81.132.197.220

title: User talk:81.132.197.220


title: File:Worldsfinest283.JPG


text:
Tecate

Tecate is a city in Tecate Municipality, Baja California. It is across the Mexico–US border from Tecate, California. As of 2019, the city had a population of 108,860 inhabitants, while the metropolitan area has a population of 132,406 inhabitants. Tecate is part of the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area and the largest city between Tijuana and Mexicali. Tecate is a regional economic hub and popular tourist destination, known as home to the Tecate Port of Entry and to Tecate Beer.

History
Tecate is in a valley surrounded by several hills and mountains, the most prominent and famous of them being Kuuchamaa (also spelled Kuchamaa and Cuchama) Mountain. Kuuchamaa Mountain, also known as Tecate Peak in the United States, is a sacred mountain for the Kumeyaay people (known in Mexico as Kumiai) people, and the Kumeyaay language is still spoken in the mountains near Tecate at Juntas de Nejí. Kuuchamaa is rich in greenery, wildflowers and birds. Tecatenses as well as tourists are often seen enjoying hikes and bike rides along its many trails.

In 1829, the Mexican governor of Alta California José María de Echeandía granted the valley of Tecate as the 4439 acre Rancho Tecate to Juan Bandini. In 1836 the mountain dwelling Kumeyaay with some aid from some former mission neophytes, raided and plundered the rancho. They besieged the ranch house but the men within managed to hold out until it was relieved by a force from San Diego. With his stock and horses stolen and the house burned, Bandini—like owners of other ranchos near San Diego—had to abandon the isolated rancho. Due to the continuing hostilities with the Kumeyaay, Bandini never returned, being compensated with Rancho Jurupa in 1838.

In the late 19th century farmers and ranchers arrived in Tecate for the first time since Bandini's failed attempt to settle there. They discovered its plentiful natural resources and decided to settle. Its abundant water and fertile soil made Tecate the perfect site for a productive farm market. Olives, grapes and grain became Tecate's staple crops. The industrial sector was developed simultaneously with the creation of coffee processing plants and breweries.

The town was founded on 2 April 1888 and formally incorporated as a city on 12 October 1892. In 1919, Governor Esteban Cantú ordered the first urban plan for the city, charging engineer Luis Pavón with its design and implementation.

In 1953, Tecate Municipality was separated from Tijuana Municipality, with Tecate designated as the municipal seat.

Well known for its traditional infrastructure and looks, Tecate remains true to its origins with its main plaza in the center of the city and its city hall and historic church within walking distance.

Geography
Tecate's altitude of approximately 1770 ft above sea level and its proximity to the ocean contribute to the temperate climate. It rains enough in the area (almost 14 in per year) for a thick ground cover of shrubs and scattered trees to grow.

The gradual transition from coastal to desert climate is on the eastern side of the peninsular mountains a few miles east. Although often boulder-strewn, much of the land to the east of the city is taken up with ejidos, or cooperative farms.

Tecate is also the name of a small river that courses through the city, and of a hamlet on the Alta California (US side) of the border, affectionately known as "Tecatito" (population around 100; ZIP code 91980).

Climate
Tecate is hot and dry during the summer and cool and sometimes rainy during the winter. It is classified as a hot-summer mediterranean climate.

Demographics
Tecate had a population of 108,860 inhabitants in 2019, up from 72,860 in the 2015 census.

The Tecate metro area has a population of 132,406 inhabitants.

Economy
Tecate is the site of the first brewery of Tecate Beer. Industrial companies from across the border have their manufacturing affiliates there (e.g., Rockwell Automation, Ingersoll-Rand, Milwaukee Electronics, Automation Controls Group and Oberg Industries). The city is served by a couple of hospitals and several clinics, as well as a couple dozen doctors and dentists.

Tourism
Tecate has been designated as a Pueblos Mágico by Mexico's Secretariat of Tourism because of its cultural richness, and it is the only Pueblo Magico located along the Mexico–United States border. In summer/early fall, the annual Tecate-to-Ensenada bicycle race takes place, with thousands of cyclists from both sides of the border participating. July is the time for a two-week celebration in Los Encinos Park, featuring dance groups, crafts, food concessions, and exhibits.

The pamplonada, or running of the bulls, was ordinarily held in August in the 1980s and early 1990s along one of the main streets, but it was canceled because of a series of accidents and violence.

Tecate has a stadium, Manuel Ceceña, which is home to the local baseball team, the Cerveceros ("Brewers").

Education
Tecate is the site of the Autonomous University of Baja California, Tecate. The school houses a school of engineering. Tecate has a competition every year for 5th grade students where they share their ideas to change their community in a positive way. The best one competes against the best ones of each city of the state. The winner competes against the other states, and the winner meets the President of Mexico.

Transportation
Tecate is on a spur of Mexican Federal Highway 2 that connects Tijuana with Mexicali via the central Sierra mountains. It is on the older, two-lane, east-west road which is toll-free.

A train from Campo, California, called the Tecate Ticket, travels to Tecate on a monthly basis (currently suspended due to a tunnel fire along the route). The train is run by the Pacific Southwest Railway Museum.

The city is the location of the Tecate Airport, at Maclovio Herrera, which no longer operates due to low traffic. Instead, Tecate residents are served by nearby Tijuana International Airport (TIJ), with flights to most major Mexican cities. TIJ is closer to Tecate than Mexicali International Airport and thus used more frequently by Tecate residents.

title: Tecate


text:
Power Nine

In Magic: The Gathering, Power Nine is a set of nine cards that were printed in the game's early core sets, consisting of Black Lotus, Ancestral Recall, Time Walk, Mox Pearl, Mox Sapphire, Mox Jet, Mox Ruby, Mox Emerald, and Timetwister. These nine cards were printed in the first sets of Magic: The Gathering, starting in 1993. They are considered among the most powerful cards in the game. Owing to their power, they were banned from being played in most competitive settings.

The cards were added to Magic: The Gathering Arena in September 2022 with the introduction of the Alchemy: Dominaria United expansion set.

Cards
Although the modern term for these cards is Power Nine, other terms existed in the early days of the game. A tournament in New York advertised a grand prize of either "The Big 10" cards or $1000; the cards in The Big 10 were the Power Nine cards and Chaos Orb.

During playtesting before the release of the Alpha edition, the Power Nine were deemed to be powerful cards whose scarcity would ensure the cards would not overpower games, but as print runs increased for each set the design team ultimately decided to remove the cards for the Revised Edition release.

Black Lotus
The "Black Lotus" card can be played at zero cost, and it grants three mana (the game's primary resource) when sacrificed (discarded from play). In Magic a player can have up to four cards of the same name in a deck. As such, playing this card gave a considerable advantage in the early stages of the game. It has since been banned from all official tournament formats except for Vintage, where it is limited to one copy per deck instead of four. An artist proof card has a white back and are likely more scarce than released versions.

Black Lotus is usually considered by collectors to be the most valuable non-promotional Magic card due to its limited print and limited distribution. There were 22,800 copies of the card printed overall, about 1,100 in the Alpha edition, and about 3,300 in the Beta edition. In 2013, one version of the card sold for $27,302. In 2021, one version of the card sold for $511,100. In 2022, Post Malone paid $800,000 for an artist's proof signed by artist Christopher Rush.

The card's standing in the Magic: the Gathering community is evinced by the creation of the Magic: The Gathering Players Tour, which was originally established as the Black Lotus Pro Tour and first contested in February 1996 in New York City.

The art for the card was created by Christopher Rush.

Moxes
The five original Mox cards are:
 * Mox Emerald
 * Mox Jet
 * Mox Pearl
 * Mox Ruby
 * Mox Sapphire

They are colloquially known as "Moxen" or "Moxes", and each represents one of the Magic: The Gathering colors. These cards are similar to the five basic lands (the cards that provide the primary resource to play most cards) in that they cost nothing to play and can add one mana of a specific color to their owner's resource pool. Unlike lands, however, more than one can be played per turn. When tournaments were officially organized, a list of banned and restricted cards was created for the various formats; the Moxen were restricted to one copy each per deck.

In March 2022, a mint condition Alpha edition Mox Emerald sold for $29,999. An independent European Magic: The Gathering annual tournament is named Bazaar of Moxen.

The art for all cards was created by Dan Frazier.

Ancestral Recall
Ancestral Recall allows the player to either draw three cards or force the opponent to draw three cards, at an extremely low cost. This allows a player to circumvent one of the game's basic rules: that a player may draw one card on their turn. This enables the player to accelerate their resource development, specifically the cards in their hand.

During the Gamma design phase of Magic: The Gathering, both Ancestral Recall and Time Walk were common cards; Richard Garfield stated that blue "was easily the most powerful magic, having two extremely insidious common spells", so each was made a rare card before publication. Ancestral Recall was deemed "vastly too powerful"; the functionally similar card Inspiration that was included in the core Sixth Edition allows a player to draw two cards instead of three, at a cost of one blue and three other mana, instead of one blue mana. The release of the Alliances expansion set included the card Library of Lat-Nam, intended as a substitute for Ancestral Recall with a higher in-game cost.

The art for the card was created by Mark Poole.

Time Walk
Time Walk allows the player to take an extra turn for two mana. One copy is permitted in the Vintage competitive format. During playtesting before release of the Alpha edition, a player told Richard Garfield during a game that Garfield would lose the game in the next turn; the "Time Walk" he had in his deck had the ambiguous text "opponent loses next turn", which was meant for the opposing player to skip his next turn, but interpreted to mean that the opponent would lose the game.

The card is banned in all play formats except Vintage.

The art for the card was created by Amy Weber.

Timetwister
Timetwister forces all players to shuffle their hand, library (draw pile) and graveyard (discard pile) together. Then, the players draw seven cards.

The card is banned in Legacy and other formats. It is restricted to one copy per deck in Vintage, and it is legal in Commander. The release of the Alliances expansion set included the card Diminishing Returns, intended as a substitute for Timetwister with a higher in-game cost. The art for the card was created by Mark Tedin.

Collecting
The Power Nine represent the rarest and most expensive collectible Magic: The Gathering cards. Beckett Media has graded 263 copies of the Alpha edition of Black Lotus, and Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA) has graded 110. The low supply of genuine cards and the high demand result in high prices, and "every sale comes with the possibility of a new record". In addition, the cards will not be reprinted. Despite not being playable in most Magic: The Gathering formats, they are "highly sought-after collectors' items".

From January to August 2022, there were 122 Power Nine cards sold at auction, of which 21 were from Alpha, 30 were from Beta, and 71 were from Unlimited. A Black Lotus card signed by Richard Garfield with a grade of 6 from Beckett was sold for $72,000.

there are six alpha Black Lotus cards graded as PSA 10. , there were 34 Beta Black Lotus cards rated PSA 10, and four rated BGS 10 and 57 rated BGS 9.5.

Legacy
The tournament system had by 1995 become dominated by decks using the Power Nine, all of which had increased in price on the secondary market to such an extent that they were unaffordable by most players. The organized play department within Wizards of the Coast began to worry that a "two-tier field of haves and have-nots was emerging", and that the latter may stop playing the game. The solution was to establish the Pro Tour using "cards everyone had access to" as a competitive system analogous to competitions in bridge, chess, and poker, or even sports such as basketball.

The expansion set Chronicles released in August 1995 reprinted numerous powerful cards from the first four expansion sets (Arabian Nights, Antiquities, Legends, and The Dark). This disappointed collectors, who believed the value of their collection would decrease, and many players, who had wanted even more cards from earlier sets reprinted instead of only the 166 in Chronicles. As a result of the complaints, Wizards of the Coast established the Reserved List in March 1996, a "significant and ill-thought-out concession" listing cards that would never be reprinted, among them the Power Nine. Players have generally opposed the Reserve List, while collectors and card sellers have supported it, as it tends to result in prices for cards on the list to increase over time. In a Tumblr post in September 2021, Mark Rosewater stated that the company's approach to the Reserve List was "not going to change".

title: Power Nine


text:
Lapsana

Lapsana  is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe and northern Asia. Nipplewort is a common name for plants in this genus.

Species
Plant list
 * Lapsana chondrilloides L.
 * Lapsana communis L.
 * Lapsana crassifolia Vahl ex DC.
 * Lapsana lampsanifolia Mill.
 * Lapsana taraxacoides Forssk.
 * Lapsana taraxaconoides J.F.Gmel.

title: Lapsana


text:
Talk:History of Pomerania

misleading
The picture "Acquisitions of Polish territories for Germanization by the Prussian Settlement Commission" should be removed. It is misleading: All the indicated territories where the commision was active are NOT in Pomerania but Posen etc.

Zvinbusas revisions
What exactly is the logic behind the statement that there were Balts living in Pomerania in 3rd millenium BC and that these were somehow related to Lithuanians? Halibutt 16:25, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * BTW, especially that the ancestors of modern Lithuanians arrived to where they live now ca. in 1st millenium AD, that is some 3000 to 4000 years later... Halibutt

 * We would all like to see the Zvinbudas sources for his so radical revisions of history. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 17:50, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Baltic Pomerania

''Since 3,000 BC Pomerania (Lithuanian Pamarė) was inhabited by Pomeranian Balts - Pamarė archeological culture. German tribes arrived to Pomerania from Scandinavia in aproximetly 8th century BC and mixed with Pomeranian Balts.''

Unsourced and doubtful section moved here - a number of different archaeological cultures can be found in Pomerania between 3000 BC and 8th century BC (3000 BC is still neolithic, 8th century is early iron age). Ethnolingustic data from this period is scarce or nonexistent, therefore making such strong claims about ethnicity of a given population is simply uscientific. Could the author provide sources for "Pamarė archeological culture"?

 * Tnx for the note, but please register, so we can discuss it knowning who is who. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 09:52, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

@Radomil
-just why do you think the Thirty Years War population drop is not worth mentioning? The drop was severe and todays settlement structure is an outcome of this.

-just why do you insist on Polish names only?

-just why do you insist on keeping headlines without any text? They were long ago proposals of an author who will never come back to this.

Please discussSkäpperöd (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 12:55, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

Too long
This article is now 124kb long, and as such, some content needs to be split into subarticles.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 19:10, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm just doing an overhaul that will most probably make the article even longer. Let's wait until it's finished and then look if/where/what should be split. Skäpperöd (talk) 20:11, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * No hurry, and good job on expanding the article! Presumably the best way to split it will by by eras (History of Pomerania in the Middle Ages and so on...). --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 05:47, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

Too short :)
Now the article is rather too short :) I hope that the right balance can be struck, so this (parent) article at the very least will be a GA level. Subsections should have text of their own, not just "main article" links. Oh, and the template needs to be shifted to the right, or bottom, per manual of style.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 18:52, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I think every former section - now subarticle - can still be expanded, that's why I split in seven parts instead of e.g. just three 50 kB parts. I tried to get below the 30kB treshold for the subarticles when splitting, which could be achieved with all but the High Middle Ages article (just too much happened then to make it shorter. My plan is to now write lead sections for the new subarticles and copy those lead sections here. That of course will take some more time. I further plan to expand the modern sections/articles and the prehistoric one as I have done recently with the medieval ones, so they won't not be too short forever.

 * The template of course needs to be moved beneath the text body, here and also in the subarticles. Just copied to the wrong place. The template btw is also still under construction. Give me some time, your reaction was prompted just seconds after the split, I can't do everything at once :) Skäpperöd (talk) 19:05, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

Merge with Pomerania
Another idea is to abandon this article in order to avoid content forking. That way editors who want to add material would add it to the respective subarticles instead of adding it here. The lead (which is basically all that's left now) could be merged into the "History" section of the Pomerania article, and the subarticles could be linked from there. That's probably better than copying the lead sections of the split articles here and make this a collection of lead sections.

The motivation behind that proposal is to not have too many articles with similar content. All articles split of the old History of Pomerania article have their subarticles, too; also, because the subarticles emerged from a structure based on time periods they all contain content forks already - of those articles covering the history of Pomerania by administrative body (e.g. Duchy of Pomerania, Swedish Pomerania, Province of Pomerania) or by region (e.g. Western Pomerania, Pomerelia, Farther Pomerania). Therefore, in my eyes it is not desireable to create even another content fork here. Editors who want to add material on let's say an event that happened in Farther Pomerania in 1572 that was of "semi-major importance" would have to add that to Farther Pomerania and Duchy of Pomerania and Pomerania during the Late Middle Ages already, why create a fourth place to add that. Skäpperöd (talk) 20:48, 21 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Done. Skäpperöd (talk) 16:26, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Creating subarticles is no content forking. We need an article dedicated to this subject, just as we need a shorter summary in Pomerania and more detailed subarticles. This should be an article, not a redirect.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 16:34, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

Oppose-this article is terribly POV-ed and needs serious re-write.--Molobo (talk) 20:34, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

Lead not balanced. It informs that Germans were expelled but nothing about atrocities against Poles and Jews in WW2
We have in the lead that Germans were expelled after WW2 but nothing about extermination of Poles and Jews by German state.--Molobo (talk) 21:29, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

modified Skäpperöd (talk)

"In 1939, the German Wehrmacht invaded Poland. Atrocities were committed on both sides during and after the invasion"?
Again repeated. Not acceptable as sentence-Germany classified whole nations for extermination in gas chambers, murdered millions in death camps. I am not able to find anything that could be comparered in regards to Poland that would justify such sentence. This simply is not acceptable comparision. --Molobo (talk) 21:32, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Indeed, quite unacceptable.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 07:25, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

modified, see also talk at subarticle Skäpperöd (talk) 08:30, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

Your edit didn't change nothing, if not distorting further history. Higher ratio of Poles and Jews ? That is an gross understatement considered milions of Poles and Jews perished and they were target of organised genocide. So far you presented arrest of some Germans and what is known to be German provacation as argument of equal atrocities. This is completely not comperable.--Molobo (talk) 13:06, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I hope this rewriting will be acceptable? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 18:21, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

Unfortunetely this article can't be considered neutral-reasons explained
It mentions in timeline population transfer of Germans after WW2 but nothing about extermination of Jews and Poles in WW2 by Germany. Sentences exist that compare Poland to Holocaust making Germany. Those issues are not indicating a neutral take on things and need to be addressed-I will add the POV template.--Molobo (talk) 21:35, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I can not find a sentence that "compares Poland to Holocaust making Germany". Be precise. Skäpperöd (talk) 08:25, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Atrocities were comitted on both sides 'after' the Invasion. Holocaust was made by Germany after the invasion. It clearly was an atrocity and clearly neither Poles or Jews made anything similiar to Germans.
 * --Molobo (talk) 13:06, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

Example of POV in the article-Kashubians. Nothing about Piasnica.
Kashubians being the main(if minority in numbers) population of Pomerania faced one of their largest tragedies during WW2-the mass murder of their intellectual elites and leaders by Nazi Germany. However the article makes no mention of this at all. From Kashubian Association of North America:

"The proof of this attitude was the fate of Kashubians during World War II. It was in Pomerania that the first summary executions took place, as early as the months of September and October, 1939. The purpose of these executions was to deprive the regions of its intellectual elite and moral leadership. For Kashubians and inhabitants of Pomerania, Piasnica, the forest of Szpegowsk, or Stutthof (the site of a concentration camp) continue to symbolise their martyrdom. In these and other places dozens of thousands of people were murdered.

Resistance against the invader arose very soon, despite extremely unfavourable conditions. Soon after Poland's defeat in September 1939, a clandestine military and political organisations was set up-Tajna Organizacja Wojskowa "Gryf Kaszubski". (The name later changed to "Gryf Pomorski".) The objective of this organisation was not only to regain independence, but also to reshape political relations in Pomerania so as to gain more appreciation of the role of Kashubians and other Pomeranians, and to extend the boundaries of Pomerania to include all the territories formerly inhabited by Kashubians."

Just one of many deficiencies of this article. --Molobo (talk) 21:46, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Missing informations are not a POV. Skäpperöd (talk) 08:25, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Of course it is. If I write Mr.X moved to town and weeks later mob attacked him without mentioning the fact that he raped and killed in that time, angering the town's population that would be POV.--Molobo (talk) 13:06, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

 * It can be, although a question of WP:UNDUE always arises.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 18:21, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Missing information can only be regarded "POV" (-pushing) if this information is held back on purpose and would change the overall picture once introduced. That is not the case here. In the respective subarticle, the Pomeranian Griffin resistance group is mentioned (and was from the beginning). Skäpperöd (talk) 12:55, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Regarding the Kashubians, they have / had been a bit in between the German and Polish nations and have at least partially been claimed by both, and at least in part also identified themselves with either one. Kashubians never had an own nation state and their existance as a nation was (is?) questioned by some, primarily to claim the area they live in for their own nation. I guess that's why they are not seperately described in most sources concerning their fate during WWII, but are considered as Poles (those who identified themselves / were identified by others with the Polish nation) or as Germans (the other way around). Skäpperöd (talk) 12:55, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Regarding Piasnica: One cannot include everything in a short summary, and this article is no more than that. The 25,000 dead during the shelling of Swinemünde are not mentioned either, nor are many many other events that are notable / ugly by themselves and are / should be covered elsewhere, but fail to meet the treshold for inclusion here. Skäpperöd (talk) 12:55, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Details indeed should go to relevant subarticle.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 16:39, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

 * It was a bombing rather than a shelling.Xx236 (talk) 13:12, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

Erroneous reference
34 Xx236 (talk) 14:47, 1 December 2008 (UTC)
 * fixed Skäpperöd (talk) 15:19, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

Gützkow
The name Gützkow has Slavic roots. I don't know, when the German name started to dominate, but the Slavic roots should be explained somewhere.Xx236 (talk) 12:19, 8 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Many, if not most of the Pomeranian names have Slavic roots. As a rule of thumb, German names were only chosen for sites that did not have a name before. If there was, this name was in continous use also when the area became German-speaking, and changed only over time due to missing spelling rules and changes in pronounciation due to German language evolution. See e.g. German placename etymology. Skäpperöd (talk) 13:02, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

Problems with this POV article
As indicated earlier this article suffers from terrible POV, synthesis and Original Research. I added English term for Vistula, but the whole article needs rewrite and quote requests.--Molobo (talk) 14:32, 15 February 2009 (UTC)
 * While the article does seem to have a few POV issues, I wouldn't say that it is terrible. A good amount of it is still encyclopedic.
 * It would be proper to make a few changes though, yes. Reed Emp (talk) 21:48, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

Need to update the timeline.
It now presents a Germano-centric POV, and leaves much of the Polish history absent. For example the 1939 atrocities of German minority units and start of extermination of Poles by German state was missing as were uprisings in XIX century by Polish people against Prussians.--Molobo (talk) 18:08, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Two templates
Does the article need two similar templates?Xx236 (talk) 09:37, 27 November 2009 (UTC)

"further reading"
The "Further Reading" section, to the extent it's even necessary, should contain general, modern works on the overall subject of the article. It SHOULD NOT contain controversial works (being listed as a means of POV pushing), very outdated works (from before World War I), or works which deal with only a subset of the article's subject. Cleaned up accordingly.Volunteer Marek (talk) 16:55, 18 February 2011 (UTC)

Added imbalance template
The article focuses on German history of the region, while lacking info on Polish one, it also relies heavily on German publications and especially on one authoru Bucholz. Since the region is part of Poland mostly now, and had rich Polish history it is currently very imbalanced-it also lacks Polish publications on the subject presenting only one view and focus on history.--MyMoloboaccount (talk) 12:14, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

B-class review failed
Referencing is needed for few sentences, but primary issues are style (bullet points need conversion to prose) and POV issues raised above. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk 18:29, 27 April 2011 (UTC)

help with German needed
A piece of text in the article stated:

'' According to Buchholz et al. (1999), Western Pomerania and the larger part of Farther Pomerania up to Köslin were Germanized by 1300.

The actual text given is, in German:

''Noch vor Ablauf des 13. Jahrhunderts war die Eindeutschung Vorpommerns im wesentlichen abgeschlossen, und die des größeren Teils der westlich des Gollens gelegenen Gebiete Hinterpommerns war fast überall weit fortgeschritten, wenn nicht bereits vollzogen.''

As far as I can make out what the actual text says is that "by 1300" (that part's ok) the Germanization of Western Pomerania was almost complete (that part is ... not too bad, it leaves out the "almost"), and in Eastern Pomerania (Farther Pomerania), it was "advanced" (which is not ok - that's different than "Germanized"). Also I see no mention of Koszalin anywhere.

Any help clarifying this would be much appreciated.Volunteer Marek (talk) 07:14, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Literal translation: "By the end of the 13th century, the Germanization of Western Pomerania was practically complete, and the Germanization of the larger parts of Eastern Pomerania west of the Gollen was at an advanced stage, if not already complete, almost everywhere." – Note that "im wesentlichen" is a bit stronger than "almost". It means "practically, virtually", implying that whatever amount of non-completeness remains is not practically significant. As for Koszalin/Köslin, the original mentions the Gollen or Góra Chełmska, which apparently is a hill just to the east of Koszalin/Köslin, so the paraphrase would seem to be factually correct. Note also that the description of the extent of Germanization in Eastern Pomerania is rather complicated in the original, making it in effect rather vague: There's Eastern Pomerania, then there are its western parts up to the Gollen, then among those western parts there are unspecified "larger parts", then within those larger parts there are some areas where it is already complete, and some others where it is at an advanced stage, except for some exceptions where it is not. Fut.Perf. ☼ 16:43, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

 * (ec) Thanks. I wasn't really questioning the im wesentlichen part, but rather the weit fortgeschritten part. Thanks for clarifying the Gollen thing. This kind of ambiguity is more or less reflected in other sources.Volunteer Marek (talk) 16:49, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

verify source
This source: Nora Berend, Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus' C. 900-1200, p.293, partially available here is used to source several statements in the text. In particular:
 * Starting in the 10th century, Piast Poland on several occasions acquired parts of the region from the southeast, while the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark augmented their territory from the west and north
 * The Pomeranians regained independence during the Pomeranian uprising of 1005.
 * Pomerania regains independence, bishopric dissolved

Page 293, which is where this info is supposed to be is not available on google books. However, the index to the work is (also here) and it seems the word "Pomerania" does not appear on page 293. Neither is it on page 292. It is referenced on page 294, but it's talking about something else. Is this a different edition or something? Can this be verified? Thanks.Volunteer Marek (talk) 07:32, 12 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I can only confirm that, and add that neither the words Piast, Poland, bishopric, independence or uprising seem to appear on that page. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk 18:14, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

 * The reference for some of this should be p. 276; the fall of Kołobrzeg (in 1007) is fn. 81. JCScaliger (talk) 23:38, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Sorry to interrupt, but there seem to be discrepancy between some wiki pages. The following text is also suggested in the article on Otto of Bamberg. This wiki article, which I think is right, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolesław_III_Wrymouth  have this: "Another foreign policy goal was the gain and conversion of Pomerania, which he initiated successfully by adding most of Pomerania to his domains by 1102–1122. Bishop Otto of Bamberg from 1123 onward confirmed the Christianization." In Polish yearbooks from that time read that Boleslaw sailed across the sea and captured some castles. Scandinavian historians have come to the view, that he went to Öland to help the Danish King Niels and his son Magnus with some Christians, that had fallen from the faith. That is what is told by Snorre Stuluson in a saga about Kalmar-ledingen (the Kalmar crusade), which took place in 1123. You can read about the Kalmar-leding here: http://no.wikisource.org/wiki/Norges_historie_fremstillet_for_det_norske_folk_II-2/II - notice, that also the Norwegian King, Sigurd Jorsalafar should be helping, but because of misunderstanding (?) King Niels came too late to their meeting place in Oeresund, and Sigurd took off to Simrishamn, where his army ravaged and plundered, before they went home. The Kalmar-leding has been forgotten, or not written about by scholars in 100 years, except for a short notice in 1971, but after an article by Danish professor John Lind (https://tidsskrift.dk/index.php/historisktidsskrift/article/view/34154/66036), several historians have adopted the view: they are Tore Nyberg (http://www.historisktidsskrift.dk/pdf_histtid/107_2/353.pdf), Nils Blomkvist (The Discovery of the Baltic. The reception of a Catholic World-System in the European North (AD 1075-1225). Brill. 2005), Kurt Villads Jensen (Korstog ved verdens yderste rand, Danmark og Portugal ca. 1000 til ca. 1250. University of Southern Denmark, Studies in History and Social Sciences, vol. 418. Odense 2011), and Dick Harrison (Harrison, Dick: Norstedts Sveriges Historia 600-1350, s. 191-192. Stockholm, 2009). Nils Blomkvis arguest, that Boleslaw Iii stayed on Gråborg on Øland for some time, and he elaborated more on that in the book on only Gråborg (Tegnér, Göran: Gråborg på Öland. Om en borg, ett kapell och en by. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. Stockholm 2008.) 87.57.197.120 (talk) 17:25, 4 July 2014 (UTC)

This article mixes Pomerelia and Pomerania
Although both are neighboring lands this does not make much sense. --Furfur (talk) 19:51, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
 * If one followed German terminology, that would be the case, though in medieval contexts (Ost-)Pommern may well refer to Pomerelia, too. However, if one follows Polish terminology, Pomorze in sensu stricto is Pomerelia, while (Hinter-)Pommern is Western Pomerania. In English, it depends on whether the author relied on Polish or German publications. I have sorted the ambiguous terminology in Pomerania. Skäpperöd (talk) 04:52, 11 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Tell us all exactly who, outside of Poland, follows or even understands Polish terminology or "history". 2A00:23C4:B617:7501:B423:DC6C:83CA:156D (talk) 11:45, 9 May 2021 (UTC)

the Wende movement in East Germany forced the Communists out of power and led to the establishment of democracy
Later also "Die Wende movement results in a collapse of Communist rule in East Germany". Please read Die Wende, it's about 1989/1990, so there is no analogy between the Solidarnosc fight and East German opposition.Xx236 (talk) 07:32, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

Fiction
"Koszalin Voivodeship and Szczecin Voivodeship merged into West Pomeranian Voivodeship" Xx236 (talk) 07:58, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

Ida Siekmann
Ida Siekmann, first Berlin Wall victim, was born in Gorken (Górki) in 1902. It is not known when she moved to Berlin. She died in 1961, in Berlin. When did most Germans leave Pomerania? When is it most likely that Ida Siekmann left Górki? Brewer Bob (talk) 22:16, 11 December 2014 (UTC)
 * The Red Army and the Polish communist militias jointly murdered and expelled the population of Pomerania in 1945-6.2A00:23C4:B617:7501:B423:DC6C:83CA:156D (talk) 11:43, 9 May 2021 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on History of Pomerania. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080911072452/http://www.uni-greifswald.de/~histor/~ufg/mitarbeiter/terberger/Terberger1_LoRes.pdf to http://www.uni-greifswald.de/~histor/~ufg/mitarbeiter/terberger/Terberger1_LoRes.pdf
 * Added tag to http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/bsb00008361/images/index.html?id=00008361&fip=217.184.132.98&no=&seite=51
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100618152137/http://www.ruegen.de/gustavia.html to http://www.ruegen.de/gustavia.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:27, 4 November 2017 (UTC)

Verification
- per WP:NOENG, in regards to diff - please supply a rationale why the cited sources are reliable for WWII history and provide quotations + translations of said quotations. In particular, please show support for actual "systematically exterminated Poles, Roma and the Jews" in relation to Poles and not just intent ( Albert Forster quote seems plausible - but that does not mean this was actually executed). Icewhiz (talk) 17:06, 4 March 2019 (UTC)

Polish propaganda
Yet another historical fiction. The scattered West Slav tribes in Pomerania were NOT Polish. This is just another example of the fanatical Polish nationalists rewriting history all over Wikipedia to suit themselves and their occupation of other people's territory. This article is a travesty.2A00:23C4:B617:7501:B423:DC6C:83CA:156D (talk) 11:41, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
 * An example right from the start: The History of Pomerania starts shortly before 1000 AD with ongoing conquests by newly arrived Polans rulers. Before that the area was recorded .. -- this is just a contradiction. Setting the starting point to 1000 AD when Slavs arrived just suits Polish history. Even recorded history did not only start in 1000 AD. Must be amended --Tino Cannst (talk) 07:54, 31 July 2021 (UTC)

Very overcited lead
Please spread some of those footnotes out. Nothing should need more than three. I'm too busy. InedibleHulk (talk) 03:05, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of Pomerania


text:
WRTI

WRTI (90.1 FM) is a non-commercial, listener-supported radio station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is a service of Temple University, with the university's Board of Trustees holding the station's license. The studios are on Cecil B. Moore Avenue in Philadelphia. WRTI plays classical music from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. and jazz all night. It broadcasts using HD Radio technology, using its digital subchannel to reverse this schedule. On WRTI-HD2, jazz is heard by day, classical music at night. News updates are provided by National Public Radio. The station holds periodic fundraisers on the air and on line.

WRTI is a Class B station. It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 7,700 watts. The transmitter is in the Roxborough section of Philadelphia at (40.04169°N, -75.23614°W). Its tower is shared with several Philadelphia-area FM and TV stations. WRTI programming is also heard on a network of repeater stations in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware.

History
WRTI began in 1948 as an AM carrier current station. It was founded by John Roberts, professor emeritus of communications at Temple University and a one-time anchorman at WFIL-TV (now WPVI-TV). He helped found the School of Communications and Theater at Temple. The call letters stand for "Radio Training Institute" with the station helping students who planned careers in broadcasting.

In 1952, the station received an FM transmitter. It acquired a non-commercial license to cover the FM facility in 1953. After years of serving as a student laboratory, WRTI-AM signed off for good in 1968. WRTI-FM officially signed on the air on July 9, 1953.

WRTI-FM later switched from block programming to an all-jazz format in 1969. It remained an all-jazz station for nearly three decades.

In late 1997, Philadelphia's commercial classical music station, WFLN-FM, changed formats. Classical listeners in one of America's largest cities would be without a station playing classical music. At that point, WRTI decided to switch to a dual-format service. It would play classical music from 6 AM to 6 PM, and jazz from 6 PM to 6 AM, except Sunday mornings, when it broadcasts Christian gospel and spiritual music.

Programming
After a hiatus, WRTI, in 2013, resumed broadcasting full-length concerts by the Philadelphia Orchestra on Sunday afternoons. Recorded each week at the Kimmel Center's Verizon Hall in Center City, this series brings the distinctive sound of the "Fabulous Philadelphians" in performance to the Delaware Valley airwaves.

WRTI presents in-concert performances of South Jersey's Symphony In C Orchestra, the Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia, the Philadelphia Youth Orchestra and The Crossing, as well as opera performances from the Academy of Vocal Arts, OperaDelaware and the Opera Company of Philadelphia.

WRTI is a network affiliate of NPR, Public Radio International (PRI) and American Public Media (APM), airing news and arts programming from these networks. Programs include NPR's From The Top, and SymphonyCast. WRTI is also an affiliate of the WFMT Radio Network, broadcasting a wide range of programming from this Chicago-based syndicator, including concert broadcasts from the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, San Francisco Symphony, the Deutsche Welle Festival Concert series on both the analog FM service and the digital HD2 service.

WRTI is also an affiliate of the Toll Brothers-Metropolitan Opera Radio Network, airing the Met's Saturday Matinee performances live from December through May each year. In the Met's off-season, WRTI broadcasts the American Opera Series from the WFMT Radio Network. This series features performances by the San Francisco, Los Angeles and Houston Grand Operas, as well as the Lyric Opera of Chicago. With these series, WRTI broadcasts a full-length opera every Saturday afternoon. WRTI's Mark Pinto hosts Overture, an opera "pre-game" of sorts, playing opera-based music, Saturday at 12-noon, just before the Saturday Opera Broadcast.

The award-winning Creatively Speaking general arts segments featured contributors Jim Cotter, David Patrick Stearns and Susan Lewis. Cotter formerly headed WRTI's Arts and Culture desk. The forerunner of these features was a 30-minute Saturday morning arts magazine show, also called Creatively Speaking, which was cancelled in early 2013. It was felt that splitting up the show in segments and spreading them throughout the broadcast day and week would better serve the audience. The features ended in 2018.

The Wanamaker Organ Hour, first aired in 2005, featured recordings of performances by Macy's Grand Court Organist Peter Richard Conte and various guests. The Wanamaker Organ is housed in Macy's Center City Philadelphia department store and is the largest musical instrument in the world. The program was co-produced by the Friends of the Wanamaker Organ and WRTI, and was an outgrowth of a segment, and later a live remote broadcast, on the CrossOver program. The Friends organization is responsible for the restoration and upkeep of this grand instrument. The show ended in 2017 when funding to the Friends was cut.

Personalities
The station features hosts John T.K. Scherch, Melinda Whiting, Greg Bryant, Bob Craig, Joe Patti, I. Robin "Bobbi" Booker, Courtney Blue, Rich Gunning, Mark Pinto, and Mike Bolton. Air personality Debra Lew Harder left the station on September 21, 2021, to become the host of the Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts.

Long-time jazz host Jeff Duperon died on June 17, 2019. He was 66. Midday classical music host Bliss Michelson died on March 14, 2021, due to complications from COVID-19 at the age of 71.

WRTI was known for several popular arts and culture based shows over the years. The multi-award-winning CrossOver, hosted by former classical host Jill Pasternak, explored music as "the universal language." The show, which presented music and conversation with some of the world's greatest artists and personalities, focused not only on classical and jazz, but also music in the periphery of those two art forms. Featured have been Michel Legrand, Rick Braun, Byron Janis, Billy Joel, Eric Whitacre, Marvin Hamlisch, Michael Feinstein, Louis Lortie, Herbie Hancock, Yolanda Kondonassis, Branford Marsalis, Michael Bublé and many more. The show was produced from 1998 until Ms. Pasternak's retirement in 2015. Dr. Jack Buerkle, a member of the Temple University faculty and jazz expert, was co-host until his retirement in 2003.

Discoveries From the Fleisher Collection, first aired in 2001, was hosted by Kile Smith, former curator of the Edwin A. Fleisher Collection of Orchestral Music at the Free Library of Philadelphia, the largest lending library of orchestral performance material in the world, and former WRTI classical host and program director, Jack Moore. The program featured recordings of orchestral scores and music housed at the Fleisher Collection. The program, a co-production of the Fleisher Collection and WRTI, was cancelled in 2018.

HD Radio
Along with its regular analog FM signal, WRTI also broadcasts using HD Radio technology. Two WRTI network stations (WRTI and WRTJ) broadcast HD2 programming as well. Known as "WRTI-HD2," this auxiliary service broadcasts Jazz in the daytime and Classical music at night, opposite the station's analog/HD1 signal, thus providing a full 24 hours of classical and jazz programming for those with HD Radio receivers.

The programming of both WRTI and WRTI-HD2 also comprises two separate web audio streams. The "All-Classical" stream presents WRTI's daytime programming, switching to WRTI-HD2's programming at night. The "All-Jazz" stream broadcasts WRTI-HD2's daytime programming, switching to WRTI's analog/HD1 signal at night. The web streams have proven popular with those who do not have an HD Radio receiver or are not within the coverage area of WRTI and WRTJ.

Repeater stations
WRTI fronts a network of six full-powered repeater stations. Combined with the main WRTI signal and numerous low-powered FM translators, their footprint covers much of eastern Pennsylvania, as well as most of Delaware and the southern half of New Jersey.

Notes:

Translators
Three full-power stations have translators that are licensed to simulcast the programming of their respective stations.

title: WRTI


text:
Mable

Mable may refer to:

 * Mable (business), a U.S. business accelerator
 * Mable (name), list of people with the name

title: Mable


text:
Hermann Hreiðarsson

Hermann Hreiðarsson (born 11 July 1974) is an Icelandic former professional football player and coach. He played as a defender and spent 15 seasons in England, gaining a total of 315 appearances in the Premier League.

Hermann was relegated from the Premier League five times, a record he holds jointly with Nathan Blake. He was relegated with every Premier League club he has played for: Crystal Palace (1997–98 season), Wimbledon (1999–2000), Ipswich Town (2001–02), Charlton Athletic (2006–07), and Portsmouth (2009–10).

Early career
In 1993, Hermann started playing for his local club ÍBV, where he took part in five seasons with the team. He only played three matches out of 18 in his first season as the club finished 8th out of 10, but played all the matches in the next two seasons with the club finishing 8th and then 3rd. He then played every match but one in his fourth season as the club finished 4th. He left before the completion of his last season, but the club ended up as champions of Iceland for the second time and for the first time in 18 years, with Hermann playing a big role in the turnaround of the club's fortunes.

In 1997, Hermann was scouted by Premier League newcomers Crystal Palace. He came into English football in August that year when Palace signed him up. He was one of the team's few stand-out players in a season where Palace were relegated. At Palace, Hermann scored league goals against Sheffield Wednesday and Chelsea, with the latter goal briefly giving Palace the lead at Stamford Bridge. He also scored once in the League Cup against Torquay United.

Brentford
In September 1998, Hermann opted to move further down The Football League and followed recently departed Crystal Palace chairman Ron Noades to Brentford, where Noades was now chairman as well as the manager. He joined the London-based Third Division side for a then-club record incoming fee of £750,000.

Brentford were champions of the Third Division and Hermann scored six goals, but in October 1999, he signed for Premier League side Wimbledon in a deal worth £2.5 million, which remained Brentford's record transfer fee received until September 2014. They were later relegated from the top flight that season. During his time at Wimbledon, he scored once against West Ham United.

Ipswich Town
A £4.5 million move before the 2000–01 season saw him become newly promoted Ipswich Town's record signing. Ipswich finished fifth in the club's first season back in the Premier League, thus securing a UEFA Cup place. The following season, there was a complete reversal of fortunes, and they were relegated. Ipswich trimmed their squad to save on finances, but Hermann turned down a move to newly promoted West Bromwich Albion at the start of the 2002–03 season – reportedly due to West Bromwich offering him vastly reduced wages compared to what he was currently receiving, and also Hermann not wanting to face another relegation battle. At Ipswich he scored league goals against Manchester City and West Ham United and scored once in the UEFA Cup against Helsingborg.

Charlton Athletic
In March 2003, Hermann moved on from Ipswich, joining Premier League side Charlton Athletic. He signed a three-and-a-half-year contract, with the club paying £800,000, plus a further £100,000 if they were not relegated in the 2003–04 season to Hermann. He was able to move to Charlton outside the Premier League's transfer window as Ipswich were in administration, although he would not be eligible to play for the club for the remainder of that season.

Hermann proved his worth for Charlton after making his debut in a 3–0 home defeat at the hands of Manchester City. He would miss only five matches in his debut season, and would be a regular starter in subsequent years.

Portsmouth
On 25 May 2007, Hermann exercised a clause in his contract with Charlton which allowed him to leave on a free transfer if they were relegated and signed a two-year deal with fellow Premier League club Portsmouth. On 29 September, Hermann scored his first goal for Portsmouth in a 7–4 Premier League win at home against Reading. He followed that up with another goal the following weekend against Fulham. On 20 April 2008, Hermann was sent off for a professional foul on Darius Vassell at the City of Manchester Stadium against Manchester City, but his season ended well by lifting the FA Cup after a 1–0 victory over Cardiff City at Wembley Stadium.

Hermann scored two goals in two matches for the second season running in 2009, when he netted with headers against both Liverpool and Manchester City. In December 2009, he scored the first goal in a 2–0 victory against Burnley. On 27 March 2010, Hermann snapped his achilles tendon in an away match against Tottenham Hotspur and was ruled out for the rest of the season. After the match, Spurs and former Portsmouth manager Harry Redknapp commented, "The game was soured by Hermann's injury. The lads said they heard it pop." Due to this injury, Hermann was unable to play in the 2010 FA Cup Final.

After Portsmouth were relegated from the Premier League, it became unknown whether Hermann would stay at the club. However, on 8 October, he signed a new one-year contract. For most of the 2010–11 season, Hermann remained on the bench, as manager Steve Cotterill preferred loan signing Carl Dickinson, but in the latter part of the season, he became first-choice ahead of Dickinson and made his 500th league appearance against Barnsley on 19 February 2011. He signed a new one-year contract with Portsmouth on 8 July.

Coventry City
On 14 January 2012, after a long injury spell and limited playing time, it was announced that Hermann would sign for fellow Championship side Coventry City on a six-month contract. He was injured after only two appearances and could not play for the rest of the season.

Hermann was released by Coventry when his contract ran out at the end of the 2011–12 season. Coincidentally, both Coventry City and Portsmouth were relegated from the Championship that season.

Portsmouth trial
On 4 September 2012, a rumour circulated that Hermann was to offer his services to Portsmouth and play for nothing. The following day, the rumour was confirmed by local newspaper The News. In an online article, manager Michael Appleton stated "Hermann will come in and train with us towards the end of the week and we will see where he is from a fitness point of view. He tells me he wants to play for nothing but we will assess him. I am certainly not ruling it out. We will see how his fitness is, like we would do with any triallist". Hermann intended to play in an upcoming League One match against Crawley Town, but due to his appointment as manager of his hometown club ÍBV, he did not play.

International career
Hermann made his debut for Iceland in a June 1996 friendly match against Cyprus, coming on as a substitute for Alexander Högnason. He since become a strongly established member of the team, collecting 89 caps and captaining the side in his later years.

Managerial career
Hermann reached an agreement with his hometown club ÍBV on 19 September 2012 to become their manager for the 2013 Úrvalsdeild season. He would later sign former English international goalkeeper and Portsmouth teammate David James for the 2013 season. He then spent three years at Fylkir, managing the men's team during the 2015 and 2016 seasons, and the women's team during the 2017 season. In January 2018, he teamed up once again with David James at Kerala Blasters in the Indian Super League as assistant manager, after James' appointment as manager.

On 22 October 2019, he was appointed assistant to Sol Campbell at Southend United of English League One. Following the club's relegation, on 30 June 2020, manager Campbell and his three assistants left the club by mutual consent.

Personal life
Hermann has four children, two boys with his current fiancée Alexandra Fanney Jóhannsdóttir, and two girls, footballers Ída Marín and Thelma Lóa, from his previous marriage to Ragna Lóa Stefánsdóttir.

International

 * Scores and results list Iceland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hermann goal.

Honours
ÍBV
 * Úrvalsdeild: 1997

Brentford
 * Football League Third Division: 1998–99

Portsmouth
 * FA Cup: 2007–08

Individual
 * Icelandic Footballer of the Year: 1997, 2000, 2007
 * PFA Team of the Year: 1998–99 Third Division
 * Ipswich Town Hall of Fame: Inducted 2019

title: Hermann Hreiðarsson


text:
Morello

Morello may refer to:

 * The Mysterious Geographic Explorations of Jasper Morello, 2005 Australian short film, whose first episode is titled: "Jasper Morello and the Lost Airship"
 * Morello cheese, an Italian sheep cheese made from goat's milk
 * Monte Morello, highest mountain (3065 ft.) in the Florentine valley, Italy
 * Morello (surname), list of people with the surname
 * Morello cherry, a cultivar of the sour cherry
 * Morello crime family, Sicilian immigrants and founders of the American mafia in New York
 * Morello, racing horse of Lorenzo de Medici

title: Morello


text:
Monomoy Island

Monomoy Island is an 8 mi spit of sand extending southwest from Chatham, Cape Cod off the Massachusetts mainland. Because of shifting sands and water levels, it is often connected to the mainland, and at other times is separated from it. It is home to the Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge. It is referred to in the 1691 Massachusetts Charter as Cape Mallabar, also spelled Cape Malabar.

History
Despite its remoteness, Monomoy was home to its own community as early as 1710. A tavern for sailors was opened up in the location of today's Hospital Pond, known then as Wreck Cove.

During the early 19th century, a deep natural harbor at Monomoy's inner shore known as the Powder Hole attracted a sizeable fishing settlement. In its prime, Whitewash Village housed about 200 residents, a tavern inn called Monomoit House, and Public School #13, which boasted 16 students at one time. Cod and mackerel brought in to the Monomoy port were dried and packed for markets in Boston and New York City. Lobsters were also plentiful, providing both food and income for the villagers, who peddled them to mainlanders at about two cents apiece.

The village was abandoned after its harbor was washed away by a hurricane around 1860. It remained uninhabited until 1863 when it was reconstructed and reinhabited until 1876.

A storm in the spring of 1958 carved a wide, shallow channel between Morris Island and Monomoy, separating it from the mainland. The Blizzard of 1978 further divided the island into North Monomoy and South Monomoy. A storm during the winter of 2006-2007 once again reconnected South Monomoy to the mainland, although North Monomoy remains an island. The island was designated a Federal Wildlife Refuge in 1970, serving as an important stop on the migratory routes of 285 species of birds. Since gaining federal protection in 1972, gray seals have become a common sight on Monomoy and nearby Chatham's South Beach island. Part of the refuge is the Monomoy Wilderness.

Monomoy has no human residents, no electricity, and no paved roads. The only extant reminder of Monomoy's habitation is the Monomoy Point Light, which operated from 1828 to 1923. The wooden lightkeeper's quarters, the cast iron light tower, and the brick generator house are on the point of South Monomoy.

Monomoy was taken over by the US government just before World War II. In 1944, the island was home to the Monomoy Island Gunnery Range, mainly used by the US Army Air Forces and other services for bombing and aerial gunnery practice, with the Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge established the same year. The gunnery range was abandoned by 1951, while the wildlife refuge still exists. The former gunnery and bombing range was surveyed under the United States Army Corps of Engineers Formerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS) program for possible unexploded ordnance in 1995. None was found, though the survey noted that similar searches took place in 1950 and 1951, and circa 1965 the wildlife refuge manager at the time found some 5 lb practice bombs. By 1995 the former bombing target was under water due to shifting of the island.

Since 2013, there has been a surge of Atlantic great white shark sightings off the coast of the islands. Some of the sharks have been tagged by the crew of the F/V Ezyduzit.

title: Monomoy Island


text:
The Seven Storey Mountain

The Seven Storey Mountain is the 1948 autobiography of Thomas Merton, an American Trappist monk and priest who was a noted author in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. Merton finished the book in 1946 at the age of 31, five years after entering Gethsemani Abbey near Bardstown, Kentucky. The title refers to the mountain of purgatory from Dante's Purgatorio.

The Seven Storey Mountain was published in 1948 and was unexpectedly successful. The first printing was planned for 7,500 copies, but pre-publication sales exceeded 20,000. By May 1949, 100,000 copies were in print and, according to Time magazine, it was among the best-selling non-fiction books in the country for the year 1949. The original hardcover edition eventually sold over 600,000 copies, and paperback sales exceeded three million by 1984. A British edition, edited by Evelyn Waugh, was titled Elected Silence. The book has remained continuously in print, and has been translated into more than 15 languages. The 50th-anniversary edition, published in 1998 by Harvest Books, included an introduction by Merton's editor, Robert Giroux, and a note by biographer and Thomas Merton Society founder William Shannon.

Apart from being on the National Review list of the 100 best non-fiction books of the century, it was also mentioned in 100 Christian Books That Changed the Century (2000) by William J. Petersen.

Writing and publication
In The Seven Storey Mountain, Merton reflects on his early life and on the quest for faith in God that led to his conversion to Roman Catholicism at age 23. Upon his conversion, Merton left a promising literary career, resigned his position as a teacher of English literature at St. Bonaventure's College in Olean, New York, and entered the Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemani in rural Kentucky. Describing his entry, Merton writes, "Brother Matthew locked the gate behind me, and I was enclosed in the four walls of my new freedom." Later, Dom Frederic Dunne, the abbot at the abbey, who had received him as a novice, suggested that Merton write out his life story, which he reluctantly began, but once he did, it started "pouring out". Soon he was filling up his journals with the work that led to the book which Time magazine later described as having "redefined the image of monasticism and made the concept of saintliness accessible to moderns".

In Merton's journals, the first entry mentioning the project is dated March 1, 1946, but many scholars think he started writing it earlier than that, because the draft (more than 600 pages) reached his agent Naomi Burton Stone by October 21, 1946.

In late 1946, the partly approved text of The Seven Storey Mountain was sent to Naomi Burton, his agent at Curtis Brown literary agency, who then forwarded it to the renowned book editor Robert Giroux at Harcourt Brace publishers. Giroux read it overnight, and the next day phoned Naomi with an offer, who accepted it on the monastery's behalf. With Merton having taken a vow of poverty, all the royalties were to go to the Abbey community. Soon a trouble arose, though, when an elderly censor from another abbey objected to Merton's colloquial prose style, which he found inappropriate for a monk. Merton appealed (in French) to the Abbot General in France, who concluded that an author's style was a personal matter, and subsequently the local censor also reversed his opinion, paving the way for the book's publication.

Edward Rice, a friend of Merton, suggests a different story behind the censorship issues. Rice believes the censor's comments did have an effect on the book. The censors were not primarily concerned with Merton's prose style, but rather the content of his thoughts in the autobiography. It was "too frank" for the public to handle. What was published was a "castrated" version of the original manuscript. At the time Rice published his opinion, he was unable to provide any proof; however, since then early drafts of the autobiography have surfaced and prove that parts of the manuscript were either deleted or changed. In the introduction to the 50th-anniversary edition of the autobiography, Giroux acknowledges these changes and provides the original first paragraph of Merton's autobiography. Originally, it began "When a man is conceived, when a human nature comes into being as an individual, concrete, subsisting thing, a life, a person, then God's image is minted into the world. A free, vital, self-moving entity, a spirit informing flesh, a complex of energies ready to be set into fruitful motion begins to flame with love, without which no spirit can exist..." The published autobiography begins with "On the last day of January 1915, under the sign of the Water Bearer, in a year of a great war, and down in the shadow of some French Mountains on the borders of Spain, I came into the world."

In the middle of 1948, advance proofs were sent to Evelyn Waugh, Clare Boothe Luce, Graham Greene and Bishop Fulton J. Sheen, who responded with compliments and quotations which were used on the book jacket and in some advertisements. The first printing run was increased from 5,000 to 12,500. Thus, the book was out in October 1948, and by December it had sold 31,028 copies and was declared a bestseller by Time magazine. The New York Times, however, initially refused to put it on the weekly Best Sellers list, on the grounds that it was "a religious book". In response, Harcourt Brace placed a large advertisement in The New York Times calling attention to the newspaper's decision. The following week, The Seven Storey Mountain appeared on the bestsellers list, where it remained for almost a year.

Comparison with Augustine of Hippo
In The Seven Storey Mountain, Merton seems to be struggling to answer a spiritual call; the worldly influences of his earlier years have been compared with the story of Augustine of Hippo's conversion as described in his Confessions. Many of Merton's early reviewers made explicit comparisons. For example, Fulton J. Sheen called it "a twentieth-century form of The Confessions of St. Augustine".

Social reaction
The Seven Storey Mountain is said to have resonated within a society longing for renewed personal meaning and direction in the aftermath of a long and bloody war (World War II), at a time when global annihilation was increasingly imaginable due to the development of atomic bombs and even more powerful thermonuclear weapons. The book has served as a powerful recruitment tool for the priestly life in general, and for the monastic orders in particular. In the 1950s, Gethsemani Abbey and the other Trappist monasteries experienced a surge in young men presenting themselves for the cenobitic life.

One printing bears this accolade on the cover, from Graham Greene: "It is a rare pleasure to read an autobiography with a pattern and meaning valid for us all. The Seven Storey Mountain is a book one reads with a pencil so as to make it one's own." Evelyn Waugh also greatly (although not uncritically) admired the book and its author. He admired the book so much, he edited the autobiography for a British audience and published it as Elected Silence.

The Seven Storey Mountain has been credited as being the first major Catholic book to achieve widespread popularity in America, breaking the liberal Protestant monopoly on middlebrow spirituality.

Later life and criticism
Later in life, Merton's perspectives on his work in The Seven Storey Mountain had changed. In The Sign of Jonas, published in 1953, Merton says that "The Seven Storey Mountain is the work of a man I have never even heard of." Merton also penned an introduction to a 1966 Japanese edition of The Seven Storey Mountain, saying "Perhaps if I were to attempt this book today, it would be written differently. Who knows? But it was written when I was still quite young, and that is the way it remains. The story no longer belongs to me..."

Merton died in 1968 in Samut Prakan Province, Thailand while attending an international monasticism conference. It was reported he was accidentally electrocuted by a fan, but commentators posited he was assassinated by the CIA for his anti-war rhetoric. Various writers have noted the irony of his life's tragic conclusion, given that The Seven Storey Mountain closes by admonishing the reader to "learn to know the Christ of the burnt men" (see, e.g., The Man in the Sycamore Tree, 1979).

Best books lists
The Seven Storey Mountain has been extensively praised in lists of the best books of the 20th century. The Intercollegiate Studies Institute has it on their list of the 50 best books of the century and it was at Number 75 on the National Review's list of the 100 best non-fiction books of the century.

Publication data

 * The Seven Storey Mountain, 1948, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1998 50th anniversary edition: ISBN 0-15-100413-7 (hardcover), ISBN 0-15-601086-0 (paperback), ISBN 0-8027-2497-3 (large print), ISBN 1-59777-114-7 (audio CD, abridged), ISBN 5-553-67284-8 (audio cassette tape) (All Libraries)

title: The Seven Storey Mountain


text:
Talk:Anthracite Coal Strike

This a duplicate of Coal Strike of 1902; which has a lot more information. Will merge, and create a redirect.

Econrad 16:32, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anthracite Coal Strike


text:
Talk:Reduced mass

Untitled
I guss a picture of the two-body system would be a good idea?

 * "...one mass can be replaced by the reduced mass, if this is compensated by replacing the other mass by the sum of both masses". So we replace $$ m_1 \to \mu \ $$ and $$ m_2 \to m_1 + m_2 \ $$ (is my understanding correct?), and the sum of both new masses have been larger then the initial mass of the sistem. It's a blunder! (SanchoOoPansa (talk) 23:43, 17 February 2010 (UTC))

significance of reduced mass
it was nice to read the concept of reduced mass from this site. can any one plz tell me the physical significancr of reduced mass. also if one body is moving with velocity 'a' and another with velocity 'b' then how can we find the velocity of reduced mass.

it was nice to read the concept of reduced mass from this site. can any one plz tell me the physical significancr of reduced mass. also if one body is moving with velocity 'a' and another with velocity 'b' then how can we find the velocity of reduced mass. can u plz mail me its answer to :pbasu41@yahoo.com

I don't think the reduced mass has a velocity in your term! i mean the reduced mass is not a certain amount of mass in a certain point, it is just the certain amount of mass in the mass center point. you may want to argue to find what is the velocity of the mass center..... not the reduced mass. In reduced mass it doesn't matter how far and how are the masses from each other. it only depends on the mass of the separate masses.

One of the places that we use it is in the radius of the Bohr orbit. you can see we use the reduced mass foe electron and proton in there. When ever you have to know what happens to the system (not the elements) and you are looking forward the mass center you may use the reduced mass. -sona- —Preceding unsigned comment added by Astrosona (talk • contribs) 23:56, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

If you were looking at two separated equal mass value particles, a calculation of their reduced mass value would give you a mass existence value of 1/2 of the individual masses located at mid distance between them. Which would not be a correct evaluation of their effect on an off side oriented particle, nor would it be correct for one whose position is aligned with the line of connection of the two connected masses.WFPM (talk) 19:13, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

planets orbiting
Have I understood this correctly: does "reduced mass" also apply to a planet and its satellite orbiting a star? What I mean is: is it more accurate to consider the total mass/inertia of the Earth-Moon system orbiting the Sun as if they were a single body, rather than considering the Earth alone as orbiting the Sun? BigSteve (talk) 12:22, 19 February 2014 (UTC)

How can two points not be collinear?
The section on the supposedly special case of two point masses in a line begins, "In a system with two point masses m1 and m2 such that they are co-linear". What I don't understand is how can two points not be collinear? The whole section looks like a derivation of what's already been derived, and therefore adds nothing. Vaughan Pratt (talk) 16:56, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reduced mass


text:
Tenth Muse

Tenth Muse (also 10th Muse) is an independent superhero comic book series about a modern-day daughter of the Greek god Zeus. It was created in 2000 by Darren G. Davis and originally written by Marv Wolfman.

Several real-life models served as inspiration for the main character, starting with Rena Mero at launch, then later Cindy Margolis or Farrah Fawcett.

The property was optioned for a TV show in 2002. When asked about it, Darren Davis told Nicholas Yanes of Scifipulse.net that "I would love to see this made. It would be the perfect vehicle for the CW if they did it right. I can see Katie Cassidy playing the 10th Muse. This one has a real chance of being made".

Story
Lead character Emma Sonnet returns after disappearing eight years before, with no answers for former best friends Brett and Dawn about where she has been and how she has become the until-now unheard-of tenth sister of the mythological nine Muses, the inspirational daughters of the almighty Zeus.

The story involves a crossover with the Mike Weiringo comic book Tellos.

Publication
The original series started publication in November 2000, published by Image Comics. It was written by Marv Wolfman and illustrated by various artists. It ran for nine issues until February 2002, followed by a collection and a few one-shots. It is now being self-published by creator Darren G. Davis at TidalWave Productions.

In 2005, the series was relaunched as The 10th Muse Volume 2 with a new #1 issue, starting publication in April from Alias Enterprises.

In 2009, a new personification of the character was released in a four-issue limited series called "Tenth Muse 800" set eight hundred years in the future. In this version of the series, the alter ego of "Emma Sonnet" was dropped and the heroic version of Lyxandra became the star. All four issues were written by Adam Gragg and penciled by Roman Morales III (Evil Ernie).

In 2010, there was a new series called "10th Muse: The Lost Issues", by Roger Cruz and Darren G. Davis. These are issues that were previously published as Tenth Muse: The Odyssey graphic novel and the second issue of Avatar's publishing (10th Muse V2). Also that year, a graphic novel featuring 10th Muse with all her crossovers came out. The crossovers featured the 10th Muse and Shi, Savage Dragon, Tellos, Koni Waves and Ezra.

title: Tenth Muse


text:
Don DeFore

Donald John DeFore (August 25, 1913 – December 22, 1993) was an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the sitcom The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet from 1952 to 1957 and the sitcom Hazel from 1961 to 1965, the former of which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.

Early life
DeFore was one of seven children born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to Joseph Ervin DeFore, a railroad engineer for the Chicago and North Western Railroad and a local politician, and Albina Sylvia DeFore (née Nezerka). Albina, who occasionally directed plays at their local church, was the daughter of Czech immigrants from the former Poděbrady district. Her father Jan Nežerka (1846-1928) was born in Písková Lhota (baptized Catholic in Kostelní Lhota) and her mother Marie Najbrtová (1852-1930) was born in Chvalovice (baptized Evangelical in Hořátev).

After graduating from Washington High School in Cedar Rapids, DeFore attended the University of Iowa. He initially studied law while also playing basketball, track, and baseball before becoming interested in acting. Since acting was not a major study at the university, he left and enrolled at the Pasadena Community Playhouse, where he won a scholarship and stayed for three years.

Acting
During this time, four fellow students and he  wrote a play called Where Do We Go from Here? It was presented in a little theater in Hollywood with DeFore in the cast. As a young man, DeFore toured the country in stock companies for several years before making his Broadway debut in Where Do We Go from Here? in 1938, when Oscar Hammerstein II offered to take it to Broadway, and DeFore and five of the original cast members went along. The show ran for four weeks, and DeFore was soon recognized as a member of legitimate theater. He remained in New York and won a key role in The Male Animal, which ran for almost eight months on Broadway and eight months on the road.

In Hollywood, DeFore's first screen appearance was in a bit part in 1936's Reunion. By the early 1940s, he was appearing regularly in films such as: The Male Animal (1942), A Guy Named Joe (1943), Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944), You Came Along (1945), Without Reservations (1946), It Happened on 5th Avenue (1947), Romance on the High Seas (1948), My Friend Irma (1949), and Jumping Jacks (1952). In 1946, exhibitors voted him the fourth-most promising "star of tomorrow".

DeFore also worked in radio, performing on such programs as Suspense, Old Gold Comedy Theater, and Lux Radio Theatre, but he is best known for his work in television. Beginning in 1952, DeFore had a recurring role as the Nelsons' friendly neighbor, "Thorny", on the ABC sitcom The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, earning a nomination in 1955 for a Best Supporting Actor in a Regular Series Primetime Emmy Award. In time, though, the role of Thorny was superseded by Lyle Talbot as Joe Randolph, and Mary Jane Croft as his wife Clara.

From 1954 to 1955, he served as president of the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. He was instrumental in arranging for the Emmy Awards to be broadcast on national television for the first time on March 7, 1955. He also served on the board of the Screen Actors Guild.

From 1961 to 1965, DeFore was a co-star of the television series Hazel as George Baxter, employer of the spirited, domineering housekeeper Hazel Burke, played by Shirley Booth and based on the cartoon character appearing in The Saturday Evening Post. DeFore was not the original actor to portray George Baxter. In the pilot episode, the role was played by character actor Edward Andrews. DeFore took over the role when the series was green-lighted. The series ran on NBC for four seasons (1961-65); DeFore and his co-star Whitney Blake were written out of the series when CBS picked up the series for its final season (1965-66).

In 1970, DeFore appeared as Mayor Evans on the TV Western The Men from Shiloh in the episode titled "Colonel Mackenzie Versus the West". In that role, he played a murderer, which was a major shift from the comedy roles for which he was better known on The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet and Hazel. For his contribution to the television industry, Don DeFore has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6804 Hollywood Blvd.

Writing
In 1965, DeFore and his daughter Penny wrote With All My Love, a book detailing Penny's experiences working in a Korean orphanage. DeFore's memoirs, "Hollywood DeFore 'n After" were never published, however, his youngest son, Ron, included portions in his book, "Growing Up in Disneyland", Waldorf Publishing 2019, along with his own biography. The title was a metaphor for his life in a celebrity family but was also literal as his father was the only person to own a food establishment bearing the name of a real person: "Don DeFore's Silver Banjo Barbecue" in Frontierland 1957 - 1962.

Marriage and children

DeFore married singer Marion Holmes (January 21, 1918 - November 17, 2011) on February 14, 1942. Judy Garland served as Holmes' matron of honor. Holmes performed with the Henry Busse Orchestra from 1935 to 1939, and later with Art Kassel and his "Castles in the Air" from 1939 until their marriage. They had five children: Penny, David, Dawn, Ron, and Autumn. They remained married until DeFore's death in 1993.

Politics and other activities
DeFore and his family were longtime residents of the Mandeville Canyon section of Brentwood and attended the Village Church of Westwood Lutheran. DeFore served as Brentwood's honorary mayor and also served as a member of the advisory committee for the California Department of Rehabilitation. DeFore was also a 33rd degree Scottish Rite and Master Mason Freemason.

From 1957 to 1962, DeFore and his family operated the Silver Banjo Barbecue, a restaurant located in Frontierland of Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California. In July 1969, DeFore served as the American delegate at the Moscow International Film Festival.

A long-time Republican, DeFore supported Barry Goldwater in the 1964 United States presidential election and was a delegate at the 1976 and 1980 Republican National Conventions. His friend, former actor and 40th President of the United States Ronald Reagan, appointed him to the Presidential Advisory Council to the Peace Corps. His youngest son, Ron, also held political positions within the Reagan Administration, which he highlights in his book, Growing Up in Disneyland, Waldorf Publishing, 2019, that was both an autobiography and partial biography of his father.

Death
On December 22, 1993, DeFore died of cardiac arrest at Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California. His cremated remains are interred at the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles.

Partial filmography

 * Reunion (1936) - Bit Role (uncredited)
 * Kid Galahad (1937) - Ringsider (uncredited)
 * Submarine D-1 (1937) - Sailor (uncredited)
 * Freshman Year (1938) - Upperclassman (uncredited)
 * Brother Rat (1938) - Baseball Catcher (uncredited)
 * We Go Fast (1941) - Herman Huff (as Don DeForest)
 * Right to the Heart (1942) - Tommy Sands (as Don De Fore)
 * The Male Animal (1942) - Wally Myers
 * Winning Your Wings (1942, Short) - Gas Station Attendant (uncredited)
 * Wings for the Eagle (1942) - Gil Borden
 * Men of the Sky (1942, Short) - Cadet Dick Mathews
 * You Can't Escape Forever (1942) - Davis, Reporter (uncredited)
 * City Without Men (1943) - Mr. Peters (uncredited)
 * The Human Comedy (1943) - Bernard 'Texas' Anthony (uncredited)
 * A Guy Named Joe (1943) - James J. Rourke (as Don De Fore)
 * Practical Joker (1944, Short)
 * Return From Nowhere (1944, Short) - Allan (uncredited)
 * Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944) - Charles McClure
 * The Affairs of Susan (1945) - Mike Ward
 * You Came Along (1945) - Captain W. Anders
 * The Stork Club (1945) - Sergeant Danny Wilton
 * Without Reservations (1946) - Dink
 * Ramrod (1947) - Bill Schell
 * It Happened on Fifth Avenue (1947) - Jim Bullock
 * Romance on the High Seas (1948) - Michael Kent
 * One Sunday Afternoon (1948) - Hugo F. Barnstead
 * Too Late for Tears (1949) - Don Blake / Don Blanchard
 * My Friend Irma (1949) - Richard Rhinelander
 * Dark City (1950) - Arthur Winant
 * Southside 1-1000 (1950) - John Riggs / Nick Starnes
 * The Guy Who Came Back (1951) - Gordon Towne
 * A Girl in Every Port (1952) - Bert Sedgwick
 * No Room for the Groom (1952) - Herman Strouple
 * And Now Tomorrow (1952)
 * Jumping Jacks (1952) - Lieutenant Kelsey
 * She's Working Her Way Through College (1952) - Shep Slade
 * Battle Hymn (1957) - Captain Dan Skidmore
 * A Time to Love and a Time to Die (1958) - Hermann Boettcher
 * The Facts of Life (1960) - Jack Weaver
 * Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1961) (Season 6 Episode 26: "Coming, Mama") - Arthur Clark
 * Daddy-O (1961, TV Movie) - Ben Cousin a.k.a. Daddy-O
 * A Punt, a Pass, and a Prayer (1968, TV Movie) - Rooter Baker
 * Mannix (1970) - Ted Hackett
 * Rare Breed (1984) - Frank Nelson

title: Don DeFore


text:
List of football clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina

This is a list of association football clubs located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, sorted by league and division within the Bosnia and Herzegovina football league system, as of the 2012–13 season. There are 610 football clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina (306 in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 304 in Republika Srpska), including clubs who are in resting mode.

First level
There are total of 12 clubs in the top tier of Bosnia and Herzegovina football.

Second level

There are a total of 30 clubs in two leagues when it comes to the second tier of Bosnia and Herzegovina football.

Third level
There are a total of 88 clubs in six leagues when it comes to the third tier of Bosnia and Herzegovina football.

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Second league of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is divided in four regional leagues: North, Center, South and West.

Republika Srpska
The Second league of the Republika Srpska is divided in two regional leagues: West and East.

Fourth level
There are a total of 147 clubs in 14 leagues when it comes to the fourth tier of Bosnia and Herzegovina football.

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Cantonal leagues of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are divided in ten leagues: League of Una-Sana Canton, First League of Central Bosnia Canton, Inter-cantonal league of HBŽ/ZHŽ, League of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, League of Sarajevo Canton - Group A, League of Sarajevo Canton - Group B, League of Bosnian Podrinje Canton, League of Zenica-Doboj Canton, First League of Tuzla Canton and First League of Posavina Canton.

Republika Srpska
The Regional leagues of the Republika Srpska are divided in four leagues: West, Center, East and South.

Fifth tier
There are a total of 156 clubs in 13 leagues when it comes to the fifth tier of Bosnia and Herzegovina football.

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The fifth tier of football in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is mostly the second tier of the cantonal leagues with one municipality league divided in two groups. The leagues are: Second League of Tuzla Canton divided into South, North and West (all to First League of Tuzla Canton), Second League of Posavina Canton (to First League of Posavina Canton), Second League of Central Bosnia Canton (to First League of Central Bosnia Canton) and the Municipality League of Visoko divided into Group A and B (both to League of Zenica-Doboj Canton).

Republika Srpska
The fifth tier of football in Republika Srpska is made up of six local leagues which act as the second tier to the regional leagues: Prijedor, Gradiška and Banja Luka (all to Regional League - West), Doboj (to Regional League - Center), Center and Zvornik (to Regional League - East).