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Maria Yudina

Maria Veniaminovna Yudina (Мари́я Вениами́новна Ю́дина, Mariya Veniaminovna Yudina; 1899 – 19 November 1970) was a Soviet pianist.

Early life and education
Maria Yudina was born to a Jewish family in Nevel, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire. She was the fourth child of Veniamin Yudin, a renowned physiologist and forensic expert, and his first wife, Raisa Yakovlevna Yudina (née Zlatina; 1868–1918). Yudina studied at the Petrograd Conservatory under Anna Yesipova and Leonid Nikolayev. She also briefly studied privately with Felix Blumenfeld. Her classmates included Dmitri Shostakovich and Vladimir Sofronitsky. In 1921–22 Yudina attended lectures at the historical-philological department of Petrograd University and, as a result, completed studies in theology after she had already converted from Judaism to the Orthodox Christian faith in 1919.

Career
After her graduation from the Petrograd Conservatory, Yudina was invited to teach there, which she did until 1930, when she was dismissed from the institution because her religious convictions were unwelcome in an atheist state. After being unemployed and homeless for several years, Yudina was invited to teach the graduate piano course at the Tbilisi State Conservatory in 1932–33. In 1936, on Heinrich Neuhaus's suggestion, Yudina joined the piano faculty of the Moscow Conservatory, where she taught until 1951. From 1944 to 1960 Yudina taught chamber ensemble and vocal class at the Gnessin Institute (now Gnessin Russian Academy of Music). In 1960 Yudina was fired from the Gnessin Institute because of her religious attitudes and advocacy of modern Western music. She continued to perform in public, but her recitals were forbidden to be recorded. After an incident during one of her recitals in Leningrad, when she read Boris Pasternak's poetry from the stage as an encore, Yudina was banned from performing for five years. In 1966, when the ban was lifted, she gave a cycle of lectures on Romanticism at the Moscow Conservatory. According to an otherwise unsubstantiated story in Solomon Volkov's book Testimony, which claims to represent Shostakovich's memoirs, one night in 1944 Stalin heard a performance of Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 23 on the radio performed by Yudina, and asked for a copy. Because it was a live broadcast, officials woke Yudina, drove her to a recording studio where a small orchestra had quickly been assembled, and made her record the concerto in the middle of the night; a single copy was pressed from the matrix and given to Stalin. In another apocryphal story, she was awarded the Stalin Prize and donated its monetary portion to the Russian Orthodox Church for prayers for Stalin's sins. These stories were extensively researched by Elizabeth Wilson, who found no evidence either in Yudina's recorded oeuvre or in Stalin's well-preserved archives, and concluded they were unlikely to be true and attributed them to Shostakovich's predilection for imaginative tales. Furthermore, the existing recording of the Mozart concerto with Alexander Gauk dates from 1948, so the date 1943/1944 could be wrong.

While Yudina did not overtly criticise any political figures or the Soviet system as a whole, she remained true to her religious convictions. She died in Moscow in 1970.

Yudina's playing was marked by great virtuosity, spirituality, strength and intellectual rigor, with a highly idiosyncratic style and tone. Sviatoslav Richter said of her playing:

"She was immensely talented and a keen advocate of the music of her own time: she played Stravinsky, whom she adored, Hindemith, Krenek and Bartók at a time when these composers were not only unknown in the Soviet Union but effectively banned. And when she played Romantic music, it was impressive—except that she didn't play what was written. Liszt's Weinen und Klagen was phenomenal, but Schubert's B-flat major Sonata, while arresting as an interpretation, was the exact opposite of what it should have been, and I remember a performance of the Second Chopin Nocturne that was so heroic that it no longer sounded like a piano but a trumpet. It was no longer Schubert or Chopin, but Yudina."

Among her friends were Shostakovich, Pasternak (who did the first reading of his novel Doctor Zhivago at Yudina's apartment as early as February 1947), Osip Mandelstam, Mikhail Bakhtin, Pierre Suvchinsky, Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen.

Thanks to the efforts of Yudina's friends in Russia, particularly Anatoly Kuznetsov, Yudina's letters and writings were published in the late 1990s and early 2000s. There were several attempts to complete the set of Yudina's recordings.

In fiction
Yudina was portrayed as a character in Aleksei Losev's novel Woman as Thinker. The flawed heroine Losev created was a woman musician who spouted philosophy but held herself to lower standards. The novel has been criticized as an outlet for Losev's difficult relationship with Yudina, and as a poor example of his capabilities as a writer. She was offended by the book and ended their friendship in 1934.

In 1989 David Zane Mairowitz wrote The Stalin Sonata, a radio drama loosely based on an encounter between Stalin and Yudina. It won a Giles Cooper Award.

Yudina appears in the French graphic novel La mort de Staline, which retells the apocryphal concerto story from Solomon Volkov's book Testimony and fictitiously portrays her writing a castigating letter to Stalin that prompts his death. In the novel's 2017 Anglo-French film adaptation The Death of Stalin, she is portrayed by Olga Kurylenko.

title: Maria Yudina


text:
User talk:Kazulanth

Translation Illustration
Hi Kazulanth. There are a few problems with the translation image you've provided:
 * The third and fourth amino acids don't correspond to the codons. UUC, for example, codes for phenylalanine, not lysine, in the standard genetic code.
 * This picture, like, unfortunately, the other one in the article, has the amino acids attached to the 5' ends of the tRNAs. They're really attached to the 3' ends.
 * It looks a lot like one of the amino acid residues is attached to both tRNAs.

Josh Cherry 04:52, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

hey hey, i was looking at your picture of the family of guinea pigs. And I'd like to know how long ago it was taken. Please reply. User:leenkeenpahk

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Kazulanth


text:
Jacques Viger (mayor)

Jacques Viger (May 7, 1787 – December 12, 1858) was an antiquarian, archaeologist, and the first mayor of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Biography
Viger was born in Montreal, the son of Jacques Viger who represented Kent in the 2nd Parliament of Lower Canada, and studied at the Sulpician college of Montreal. On November 17, 1808, he married Marie Marguerite La Corne, daughter of Luc de la Corne, and widow of Major the Hon. John Lennox. They had three children, all of whom died in infancy.

After his studies he went to Quebec, where he worked as an editor of the newspaper Le Canadien from November 1808 to May 1809. Viger served as captain in the Canadian Voltigeurs unit under Charles de Salaberry during the War of 1812. He was elected the first mayor of Montreal in 1833 and worked to improve its sanitary conditions. Although he wrote little, his reputation as an archaeologist was universal, and the greatest contemporary historians of France and the United States have drawn from his collection of manuscripts, based on forty years of research. He compiled a chronicle under the title of "Sabretache" (28 vols.), wherein he gathered plans, maps, portraits, and valuable notes illustrating many contested historical points. He was the founder of the Historical Society of Montreal in 1857, one year before his death. Pope Pius IX honoured him with the knighthood of the Order of St. Gregory the Great.

He died December 12, 1858, at age 71, and was buried in the crypt of the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce Church on December 15.

Honours
The Viger Square and Jacques Viger Building in Montreal are named in his honour.

title: Jacques Viger (mayor)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ttukseom Resort

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETED. JeremyA 15:23, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Ttukseom Resort
speedied this empty article. Fawcett5 19:13, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC) deleteblank except for poor pictureWAvegetarian 04:55, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy --Xcali 04:56, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete empty article. JamesBurns 06:41, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy, and put the huge image (300K) on IFD. This can be recreated later when someone bothers to tell us where it actually is. JFW | T@lk  11:22, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy empty article. Vegaswikian 05:07, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Smoke (disambiguation)

Smoke is a cloud of particles suspended in the air. The term may also refer to:

Places

 * Mountain of Smoke (Arabic: جبل الدخان, Jabal ad Dukhan), a hill in Bahrain
 * Smoke Lake (disambiguation), various lakes in Canada and the USA
 * "The Smoke", a nickname for London

People

 * Smoke (surname), a list of people
 * John Smoke Johnson (1792–1886), a Mohawk leader in Canada, also known as Smoke Johnson
 * Smoke Laval (born 1955), American college baseball coach
 * Sayenqueraghta (c. 1707–1786), Seneca war chief nicknamed "Old Smoke"
 * Old Chief Smoke (1774–1864), an original Oglala Sioux head chief
 * Tony Stewart (born 1971), American auto racer nicknamed "Smoke"

Characters

 * Smoke (comics), in the Marvel Comics universe
 * Smoke (Mortal Kombat), from the Mortal Kombat video game franchise
 * "Big Smoke", a friend of Carl Johnson in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas

Films

 * Smoke (film), a 1995 American independent film
 * The Smoke (film), a 2014 British crime thriller

Television

 * The Smoke (TV series), a 2014 British drama series
 * "Smoke" (Better Call Saul), a 2018 episode of the television series Better Call Saul

Literature

 * Smoke (Turgenev novel), an 1867 novel by Ivan Turgenev
 * Smoke (Miscione novel), a 2004 novel by Lisa Miscione

Groups

 * Smoke (American band), a 1990s band based in Atlanta, Georgia
 * The Smoke, a pop band from York from the 1960s and 1970s

Albums

 * Smoke (Paul Kelly album) (1999)
 * Smoke (White Williams album) (2007)
 * Smoke (Izzy Stradlin album) (2009)
 * Smoke (Lisa Lois album) (2009)
 * Smoke (Alexander von Schlippenbach and Sunny Murray album) (1990)

Songs

 * "Smoke" (Eskimo Joe song) (2004)
 * "Smoke" (Natalie Imbruglia song) (1998)
 * "Smoke" (A Thousand Horses song) (2015)
 * "Smoke" (50 Cent song), a 2014 song featuring Trey Songz
 * "Smoke", a 2014 song from White Noise by Pvris
 * "Smoke", a song from Whatever and Ever Amen by Ben Folds Five
 * "Smoke", a song from Red Earth by Crash Vegas
 * "Smoke", a song from Growing Pains by Mary J. Blige
 * "Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)", a Western swing novelty song
 * "The Smoke", a song by Amorphis
 * "Smoke", a 2023 song by Victoria Monét featuring Lucky Daye

Other

 * Smoke (1/3), a sculpture by Tony Smith
 * Ad-Dukhan ("Smoke"), the 44th chapter (sura) of the Quran

Computing and technology

 * Smoke (software), an editing and effects software for the arts, media and entertainment industry
 * Autodesk Smoke

Sports

 * Asheville Smoke, a United Hockey League team from 1998 to 2000, based in Asheville, North Carolina, USA
 * Brantford Smoke, a Colonial Hockey League, later United Hockey League team from 1991 to 1998, based in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, before relocating to Asheville

Other uses

 * Smoke (jazz club), a jazz club in Manhattan, New York
 * Smoke, slang for a cigarette
 * Smoke, historic derogatory slang for Negro
 * Smoke, slang verb meaning "to murder" or "to beat" in a competition
 * Smoke Squadron, popular name of the Brazilian Air Force's air demonstration squadron
 * Smoke, a fur color for cats
 * Smoke (donkey), a mascot and therapy animal for the United States Marine Corps during the Iraq War

title: Smoke (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:KCeasy

It currently supports
Shouldn't it automatically support all of the networks that gIFT supports? — Omegatron 15:42, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * There are only three plugins available on the latest Win DL: Ares, Gnutella & OpenFT. Others are available (see article)_> MonstaPro:Talk:Contrib. 13:34, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:KCeasy-web.png
Image:KCeasy-web.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:49, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:KCeasy


text: Category:Libraries in New York (state)

title: Category:Libraries in New York (state)


text:
Somnology

Somnology is the scientific study of sleep. It includes clinical study and treatment of sleep disorders and irregularities. Sleep medicine is a subset of somnology.

History
After the invention of the EEG, the stages of sleep were determined in 1936 by Harvey and Loomis, the first descriptions of delta and theta waves were made by Walter and Dovey, and REM sleep was discovered in 1953. Sleep apnea was identified in 1965. In 1970, the first clinical sleep laboratory was developed at Stanford. The first actigraphy device was made in 1978 by Krupke, and continuous positive airway pressure therapy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were created in 1981.

The Examination Committee of the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers, which is now the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, was established in 1978 and administered the sleep administration test until 1990. In 1989, the American Board of Sleep Medicine was created to administer the tests and eventually assumed all the duties of the Examination committee in 1991. In the United States, the American Board of Sleep Medicine grants certification for sleep medicine to both physicians and non-physicians. However, the board does not allow one to practice sleep medicine without a medical license.

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Created in 1990 by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (with assistance from European Sleep Research Society, the Japanese Society of Sleep Research, and the Latin American Sleep Society), the International Classification of Sleep Disorders is the primary reference for scientists and diagnosticians. Sleep disorders are separated into four distinct categories: parasomnias; dyssomnias; sleep disorders associated with mental, neurological, or other medical conditions; and sleep disorders that do not have enough data available to be counted as definitive sleep disorders. The ICSD has created a comprehensive description for each sleep disorder with the following information.

 * Synonyms and Key Words – This section describes the terms and phrases used to describe the disorder and also includes an explanation on the preferred name of the disorder when appropriate.
 * Essential Features – This section describes the main symptoms and features of the disorder.
 * Associated Features – This section describes the features that appear often but not always present. Furthermore, complications that are caused directly by the disorder are listed here.
 * Course – This section describes the clinical course and the outcome of an untreated disorder.
 * Predisposing Factors – This section describes internal and external factors that increase the chances of a patient developing the sleep disorder.
 * Prevalence – This section, if known, describes the proportion of people who have or had this disorder.
 * Age of Onset – This section describes the age range when the clinical features first appear.
 * Sex Ratio – This section describes the relative frequency that the disorder is diagnosed in each sex.
 * Familial Pattern – This section describes whether the disorder is found among family members.
 * Pathology – This section describes the microscopic pathologic features of the disorder. If this is not known, the pathology of the disorder is described instead.
 * Complications – This section describes any possible disorders or complications that can occur because of the disease.
 * Polysomnographic Features – This section describes how the disorder appears under a polysomnograph.
 * Other Laboratory Features - This section describes other laboratory test such as blood tests and brain imaging.
 * Differential Diagnosis – This section describes disorders with similar symptoms.
 * Diagnostic Criteria – This section has the criteria that can make a clear-cut diagnosis.
 * Minimal Criteria – This section is used for general clinical practice and is used to make a provisional diagnosis.
 * Severity Criteria – This section has a three-part classification into “mild,” “moderate,” and “severe” and also describes the criteria for the severity.
 * Duration Criteria – This section allows a clinician to determine how long a disorder has been present and separates the durations into “acute,” “subacute,” and “chronic.
 * Bibliography – This section contains the references.

Diagnostic tools
Somnologists employ various diagnostic tools to determine the nature of a sleep disorder or irregularity. Some of these tools can be subjective such as the sleep diaries or the sleep questionnaire. Other diagnostic tools are used while the patient is asleep such as the polysomnograph and actigraphy.

Sleep diaries
A sleep diary is a daily log made by the patient that contains information about the quality and quantity of sleep. The information includes sleep onset time, sleep latency, number of awakenings in a night, time in bed, daytime napping, sleep quality assessment, use of hypnotic agents, use of alcohol and cigarettes, and unusual events which may influence a person's sleep. Such a log is usually made for one or two weeks before visiting a somnologist. The sleep diary may be used in conjunction with actigraphy.

Sleep questionnaires
Sleep questionnaires help determine the presence of a sleep disorder by asking a patient to fill out a questionnaire about a certain aspect of their sleep such as daytime sleepiness. These questionnaires include the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and the Sleep Timing Questionnaire.

The Epworth Sleepiness Scale measures general sleep propensity and asks the patient to rate their chances of dozing off in eight different situations. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale asks the patient to note their perception of sleepiness by using a seven-point test. The Sleep Timing Questionnaire is a 10-minute self-administration test that can be used in place of a 2-week sleep diary. The questionnaire can be a valid determinate of sleep parameters such as bed time, wake time, sleep latency, and wake after sleep onset.

Actigraphy
Actigraphy can assess sleep/wake patterns without confining one to the laboratory. The monitors are small, wrist-worn movement monitors that can record activity for up to several weeks. Sleep and wakefulness are determined by using an algorithm that analyzes the movement of the patient and the input of bed and wake times from a sleep diary.

Physical examination
A physical examination can determine the presence of other medical conditions that can cause a sleep disorder.

Polysomnography
Polysomnography involves the continuous monitoring of multiple physiological variables during sleep. These variables include electroencephalography, electrooculography, electromyography, and electrocardiography as well as airflow, oxygenation, and ventilation measurements. Electroencephalography measures the voltage activity of neuronal somas and dendrites within the cortex, electro-oculography measures the potential between cornea and retina, electromyography is used to identify REM sleep by measuring the electrical potential of skeletal muscle, and electrocardiography measures cardiac rate and rhythm. It is important to point out that EEG, in particular, always refers to a collective of neurons firing as EEG equipment is not sensitive enough to measure a single neuron.

Airflow measurements
Airflow measurement can be used to indirectly determine the presence of an apnea; measurements are taken by pneumotachography, nasal pressure, thermal sensors, and expired carbon dioxide. Pneumotachography measures the difference in pressure between inhalation and exhalation, nasal pressure can help determine the presence of airflow similar to pneumotachography, thermal sensors detect the difference in temperature between inhaled and exhaled air, and expired carbon dioxide monitoring detect the difference in carbon dioxide between inhaled and exhaled air.

Oxygenation and ventilation measurements
The monitoring of oxygenation and ventilation is important in the assessment of sleep-related breathing disorders. However, because oxygen values can change often during the course of sleep, repeated measurements must be taken to ensure accuracy. The direct measurements of arterial oxygen tension only offer a static glimpse, and repeated measurements from invasive procedures such as sampling arterial blood for oxygen will disturb the patient's sleep; therefore, noninvasive methods are preferred such as pulse oximetry, transcutaneous oxygen monitoring, transcutaneous carbon dioxide, and pulse transit time.

Pulse oximetry measures the oxygenation in peripheral capillaries (such as the fingers); however, an article written by Bohning states that pulse oximetry may be imprecise for use in diagnosing obstructive sleep-apnea, due to the differences in signal processing in the devices.

Transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide monitoring measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide tension on the skin surface respectively, and the pulse transit time measures the transmission time of an arterial pulse transit wave. For the lattermost, pulse transit time increases when one is aroused from sleep, making it useful in determining sleep apnea.

Snoring
Snoring can be detected by a microphone and may be a symptom of obstructive sleep-apnea.

Multiple Sleep Latency Test
The Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) measures a person's physiological tendency to fall asleep during a quiet period in terms of sleep latency, the amount of time it takes for someone. An MSLT is normally performed after a nocturnal polysomnography to ensure both an adequate duration of sleep and to exclude other sleep disorders.

Maintenance of Wakefulness Test
The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) measures a person's ability to stay awake for a certain period of time, essentially measuring the time one can stay awake during the day. The test isolates a person from factors that can influence sleep such as temperature, light, and noise. Furthermore, the patient is also highly suggested to not take any hypnotics, drink alcohol, or smoke before or during the test. After allowing the patient to lie down on the bed, the time between lying down and falling asleep is measured and used to determine one's daytime sleepiness.

Treatments
Though somnology does not necessarily mean sleep medicine, somnologists can use behavioral, mechanical, or pharmacological means to correct a sleep disorder.

Behavioral treatments
Behavioral treatments tend to be the most prescribed and the most cost-efficient of all treatments; these treatments include exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation therapy, meditation, and improving sleep hygiene. Improving sleep hygiene includes making the patient sleep regularly, discourage the patient from taking daytime naps, or suggesting they sleep in a different position.

Mechanical treatments
Mechanical treatments are primarily used to reduce or eliminate snoring and can be either invasive or non-invasive. Surgical procedures for treating snoring include palatal stiffening techniques, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and uvulectomy while non-invasive procedures include continuous positive airway pressure, mandibular advancement splints, and tongue-retaining devices.

Pharmacological treatments
Pharmacological treatments are used to chemically treat sleep disturbances such as insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness. The kinds of drugs used to treat sleep disorders include: anticonvulsants, anti-narcoleptics, anti-Parkinsonian drugs, benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, and opiates as well as the hormone melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists. Anticonvulsants, opioids, and anti-Parkinsonian drugs are often used to treat restless legs syndrome. Furthermore, melatonin, benzodiazepines hypnotics, and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics may be used to treat insomnia. Finally, anti-narcoleptics help treat narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness.

Of particular interest are the benzodiazepine drugs which reduce insomnia by increasing the efficiency of GABA. GABA decreases the excitability of neurons by increasing the firing threshold. Benzodiazepine causes the GABA receptor to better bind to GABA, allowing the medication to induce sleep.

Generally, these treatments are given after the behavioral treatment has failed. Drugs such as tranquilizers, though they may work well in treating insomnia, have a risk of abuse which is why these treatments are not the first resort. Some sleep disorders such as narcolepsy do require pharmacological treatment.

title: Somnology


text:
Rhadamistus

Rhadamistus (რადამისტი, radamist'i) (died 58) was a royal prince of the Pharnavazid dynasty of the Kingdom of Iberia who reigned over the Kingdom of Armenia from 51 to 53 and 54 to 55. He was considered a usurper and tyrant, who was overthrown in a rebellion supported by the Parthian Empire.

Life
Rhadamistus was the eldest son of King Pharasmanes I of Iberia. His mother was an unknown Armenian princess of the Artaxiad dynasty, who was the daughter of the Artaxiad Armenian monarchs Tigranes IV and his sister-wife Erato. Rhadamistus was known for his ambition, valor, extraordinary strength and size of body, and good looks. Although the Kingdom of Iberia was too small to satisfy him on its own, he was nonetheless openly impatient to inherit it from his aging father. Pharasmanes, fearing an attempt to usurp the throne, diverted Rhadamistus by convincing him to conquer the Kingdom of Armenia, then ruled by Pharasmanes' brother Mithridates. To conduct reconnaissance, Rhadamistus pretended that he was at feud with his father and stepmother and went to the court of Mithridates, who received him like a son and with an excessive kindness. Rhadamistus completed his inspection, declared that he had reconciled with his father, and returned to Iberia to set war plans in motion. Meanwhile Pharasmanes had invented a pretext for war: when he was fighting with the king of the Caucasian Albanians and appealing to the Romans for help, his brother had opposed him, and the conflict was to be called revenge for that opposition.

Pharasmanes gave his son a large Iberian army, who by a sudden invasion forced Mithridates to take shelter in the fortress of Gorneas, which was strongly garrisoned by the Romans under the command of Caelius Pollio. Rhadamistus opened negotiations with his uncle, claiming to be kindly disposed towards him because of their ties of blood and because of his marriage to Mithridates' daughter Zenobia. Adding that the Iberians were not against peace, he urged Mithridates to show respect to the seniority of Pharasmanes and agree to a treaty. Pharasmanes by secret messages had told Rhadamistus to hurry on the siege by all possible means.

Later, Pollio, swayed by Rhadamistus' bribery, threatened that the Roman garrison might abandon the fortress. Under this compulsion, Mithridates agreed to surrender to his nephew. Still treating his uncle with feigned respect, Rhadamistus promised that he would do him no harm either by the sword or by poison. He drew him into a neighboring woods, ostensibly to conduct a ritual sealing their alliance, then arrested him and bound him in chains. Mindful of his promise not to use a sword or poison, Rhadamistus had Mithridates smothered to death instead. Later he also killed the sons of Mithridates, for having shed tears over their father's death, and Mithridates' wife, who was Rhadamistus' own sister.

Rhadamistus became King of Armenia in 51. The Romans made a symbolic demand that Pharasmanes withdraw from Armenian territory and remove his son, but officially they had chosen not to aid their Armenian allies; one councilor declared that "any crime in a foreign country was to be welcomed with joy". Despite this, the Roman governor of Cappadocia, Paelignus, invaded Armenia and ravaged the country. Gaius Ummidius Durmius Quadratus, governor of Syria, sent a force to restore order, but was recalled so as not to provoke a war with Parthia. Consequently, King Vologases I, having recently ascended the Parthian throne, saw an opportunity to detach Armenia from the dominion of Rome and add it to his own, thus advancing his reputation and providing a principality for his brother Tiridates. He sent his large army into Armenia in 51, driving out the Iberians in 53. Rhadamistus regained control after an outbreak of plague forced the Parthians to withdraw. He now viewed the Armenians' loyalty as permanently suspect, and began punishing cities that had surrendered to the Parthians, eventually provoking a revolt which replaced him with the Parthian prince Tiridates I in 55.

Rhadamistus escaped back to Iberia. His wife Zenobia accompanied him for the first part of the journey, but she was pregnant and unable to bear a long ride on horseback. Rather than impede the escape, or be left behind and captured, she told her husband to kill her. Impressed by Zenobia's bravery, Rhadamistus consented, stabbing her and dropping her in the river Araxes. She survived her wounds and was rescued by peasants, who sent her to Artaxata. Upon his return to his father's domains in 58, Rhadamistus was executed for treason, ending Pharasmanes' fears of usurpation and demonstrating Iberian loyalty to Rome, and in particular to Emperor Nero. Pharasmanes died later in the same year and was succeeded by his second son Mihrdat, brother of Rhadamistus.

Paintings

 * "Radamisto uccide Zenobia" by Luigi Sabatelli (1803).
 * "Rhadamistes and Zenobia" by Jean-Joseph Taillasson.
 * "Shepherds Find Zenobia on the Banks of the Araxes" by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1850)
 * "Radamisto in atto di spingere Zenobia ferita nel fiume Arasse" by Francesco Alberi.
 * "Queen Zenobia Thrown Into the Araxes River" by François-Nicolas Chifflart.
 * "Rhadamiste poignarde sa femme Zénobie" by Etienne Meslier.

Operas

 * "L’Amour tyrannique" by Georges de Scudéry (1638).
 * "Zenobia e Radamisto" by Giovanni Legrenzi (1665).
 * "Radamisto" by Tomaso Albinoni (1698).
 * "L'amor tirannico, o Zenobia" by Domenico Lalli (1710).
 * "Rhadamiste et Zénobie" by Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon (1711).
 * "Radamisto" by George Frideric Handel (1720).
 * "Radamisto" by Nicola Francesco Haym.

Plays

 * Unfinished play "Rodamist i Zenobiya" by Alexander Griboyedov.

title: Rhadamistus


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Eddie DaRoza

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 07:32, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Eddie DaRoza
'delete self promotion non notableWAvegetarian 04:59, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity. 5 google hits for "Eddie DaRoza". --Xcali 05:00, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 06:49, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable jglc | t | c 15:09, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity PeteVerdon 00:20, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Visco fuse

A visco fuse is a higher-quality fuse used for consumer fireworks. It is most commonly colored green, red, or pink and is found as a twisted, coated strand. It is also used to create delays in the firing of multiple firework displays for safety.

Description
Visco is a 3/32 - 1/8 inch (2–3 mm)-diameter cord with a black powder core. There are three external layers to visco fuse. First, a layer of string is wound around the core, then a second, less tight, layer of string is wound in the opposite direction to prevent unraveling. The last layer is a low-nitrate nitrocellulose lacquer that keeps the fuse from falling apart. The last layer helps to make the visco fuse water resistant and to prevent moisture from degrading the black powder core. Unlike dynamite safety fuse, visco fuse burns with a visible external flame. After ignition, most visco fuses can burn underwater.

Variants
Cannon fuse is a visco fuse that is most often thicker, steadier burning, and often extra coated to be more waterproof. Most cannon fuses of high quality can burn while under water. Cannon fuse is normally red or green in color.

Flying fish fuse is a modified type of visco-type fuse used in fireworks. The composition in the core is a metallic spark composition or another effect instead of/as well as black powder. Flying fish can thus perform as a main effect instead of just an initiator. For example, simply lighting a short piece of flying fish on the ground makes it fly through the air, seeming to swim in random directions while emitting sparks and noise. An aerial shell loaded with many such pieces results in myriad fragments sparking and whizzing high in the air as a substitute for standard pyrotechnic stars.

Igniter Cord is a commercial grade of visco fuse that is designed to ignite multiple safety fuses. Like visco, igniter cord burns with an external, visible flame. It is often heavily lacquered for water resistance, and sometimes has an inner wire core for mechanical strength.

title: Visco fuse


text: User talk:198.147.225.38

title: User talk:198.147.225.38


text:
Talk:Electric-field integral equation

This is one of the best anonymous contributions I've ever seen. ✈ James C. 05:03, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)

EFIE is a very powerful tool in computational electromagnetics. It also finds applications in acoustics. The EFIE also suffers from ill-conditioning - a topic of current research - Indranil Chowdhury(Univ. Washington).

This article definitely needs to be corrected
Someone should really correct this article - its factual content and the way it's written. First of all, there is virtually no introduction - what's the article about? I couldn't really figure out - the equations in the first paragraph are certainly not general Maxwell's equations of an electrodynamical field. Probably they are equations for a harmonic E-M wave, but it should be explicitly stated! Otherwise the reader may find it confusing to see things like "rot E = H" (!) etc. The notation is also unclear. The rest of article should be rewritten, because it's technical and and the same time vague.

--MichalKotowski (talk) 17:08, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

This article is not about the Electric Field Integral Equation !!
This article gives an integral representation of the electric field in terms of a distribution of electric current in free space. What one usually calls the electric field integral equation (EFIE), though, is an equation satisfied by the electric current distribution as the source of a scattered (or secondary) field when some material object with electric contrast is introduced in a given electromagnetic field. Among the many equations one can derive for such current distributions, the EFIE is the most immediately obtained, using the integral representation given in this article.

There are many misunderstandings in the interpretation section. This article is not written by someone who knows scattering theory very well and the author of the article does not seem to be particularly familiar with integral equations. It will need a complete rewrite to make it an article on the EFIE indeed. I hope to find some time in the future, in the mean time,

Readers be warned!

Bas Michielsen (talk) 15:43, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

I do not seeing anything glaringly wrong with the information presented in this article. The EFIE is an integral equation that relates the electric field excited by current sources that is directly applied to scattering problems with PEC scatters by virtue of the fact that the scattered and incident electric fields cancel other out on the surface of the scatterer. In which case you would simply substituted E^{i} for E and flip the sign on the integral in the given dyadic integral equation. The common approach to solving this problem is to use the Method of Moments or some other boundary element method. You can take a look at section 12.3 of Balanis' that is given in the references and Chew's book also contains the dyadic form. The given dyadic form is equivalent to the EFIE given in Balanis.

Born2bwire (talk) 02:23, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

 * OK then, here are some more detailed critical notes.
 * The EFIE is not used to compute the electric field from a given current distribution, as the actual article states in its first line, but to compute a current distribution from a given electric field.
 * The derivation section presents only a derivation of an integral representation. The domain of the electric field, in this representation, is not the domain of the current distribution. Therefore, the final result of the derivation is not an integral equation.
 * The interpretation section again suggests that the EFIE is important in antenna theory because it allows one to compute radiated fields from given current distributions. However, the importance of the EFIE for antenna problems is that it allows one to find these current distributions from given antenna port excitations.
 * The interpretation section also states that the MFIE and the CFIE contain resonances. But it does not say what that means. The CFIE, in fact, does not suffer from the internal resonance problem, but its discretised version can have bad condition numbers because its spectrum can touch zero.
 * The interpretation section states that it is unfortunate that the EFIE relates the scattered field to J, which we do not know, and that this problem can be solved by imposing boundary conditions on the scattered field and on the incident field. However, boundary conditions are imposed on the total field and we are fortunate to have an EFIE relating the unknown J to the scattered field for which we can derive a boundary value by subtracting the known incident field from the total field.

 * To account for the above critics, I am thinking of a text like:

The Electric Field Integral Equation relates an electric current distribution to a given electric field. This integral equation arises in the analysis and solution of certain boundary value problems for the Maxwell partial differential equations. The EFIE is derived by requiring boundary values on an integral representation of the electric field in terms of current distributions. The integral representation is constructed with the use of a Green function such as to define vector valued functions satisfying the wave equation everywhere outside the support of the current distribution. It should be clear then that if one succeeds in finding a current distribution such that the boundary values are as given, the integral representation provides the solution of the boundary value problem. The most frequently found example of such a boundary value problem defines the scattered field component in a time-harmonic electromagnetic scattering problem in an unbounded (exterior) domain with electrically impenetrable obstacles. In such cases, the EFIE is a boundary integral equation. The current distribution one tries to find then, is a distribution with support on the boundary of the obstacle and the given electric field is the negative of the boundary trace of the incident electric field. A time-harmonic boundary EFIE is not mathematically equivalent to the underlying boundary value problem because it can be shown that its integral operator is not invertible at frequencies for which the domain of the obstacle has so-called "interior resonances." The exterior boundary value problem for the scattered field has a unique solution for any frequency though. This "interior resonance" problem also appears with the Magnetic Field Integral Equation (MFIE). Linear combinations of the EFIE and the MFIE lead to the Combined Field Integral Equation (CFIE) which can be constructed to be invertible for all frequencies.
 * This text needs improvement, so please let me know what you think of this proposal. Bas Michielsen (talk) 23:25, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

Fredholm integral equation ?
I removed a remark saying that the EFIE is a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind "because" the current appears only under the integral. This is a, rather common, misunderstanding. Integral operators in the classical Fredholm theory are compact operators. The distinction between first kind and second kind Fredholm integral equations makes sense only if this restriction on the operators is respected. If the only criterion would be that the unknown "appears under the integral," a simple transformation of the Green function (adding a shifted Dirac distribution) would allow one to transform a first kind equation into a second kind equation and vice versa. In general, the singularity of the Green function determines whether the operator built on it is compact or not. Bas Michielsen (talk) 10:30, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Heavy revision possible?
I'm a PhD student who works in this area (computational electromagnetics), and I spent the whole summer working through the electric field integral equation. The derivation done here is very different from that in much of the literature. I would like to do a serious overhaul of this derivation, and to provide a lot of context to it with example problems, if the community would appreciate it. Any thoughts?

Thanks. Brimacki (talk) 02:34, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

 * I would say, go ahead and make this article in something correct and readable. Thanks in advance. Bas Michielsen (talk) 07:22, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Status
I came across this page and immediately wanted to edit it. After reading the talk comments it appears that someone has picked up the task but the most recent date is 9/2014. Based on the comments related to this article it seems like an EFIE specific page should at least reference a more general treatment that includes the MFIE and CFIE to address the resonance issue for closed surfaces. EFIE is sufficient for an open surface so this page stands alone but it definitely should be improved. Drdrbergman (talk) 15:03, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Electric-field integral equation


text:
Mount Nelson, Tasmania

Mount Nelson (Nuenonne/palawa kani: kriwalayti) is a mountain suburb located on the southern boundary of the city of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Positioned to the south of Hobart's CBD, Mount Nelson offers panoramic views of the scenic Derwent estuary and surrounds. With an estimated resident population of 2,766 as of 2022, Mount Nelson contains a population density of 421.7 persons per square kilometre.

The suburb is frequented by tourists visiting the historic Mount Nelson Signal Station, the Truganini Conservation Area, and students attending educational facilities including Hobart College and the Sustainability Learning Centre. It also offers sporting amenities including the University Soccer Club and Mount Nelson Oval.

History
Little is known about the Nuenonne nation, whose territory encompassed Mount Nelson and numerous inner-suburbs of Hobart. The Nuenonne people were profoundly affected by British colonisation starting in 1803, resulting in a substantial decrease in the Aboriginal Tasmanian population. Colonial official and pastor George Augustus Robinson, accompanied by Aboriginal guide Wurati, gained insights into the indigenous languages and naming conventions of the region during his 1830-31 expedition to the island's northeast. Wurati shared with Robinson various names for places, tribes, and people on the expedition, including the name "kriwalayti" from the Bruny Island language. Robinson documented this term in his manuscripts, associating it with name of Mount Nelson, which can be observed from Bruny Island. The latter part of "kriwalayti" signifies a variation of a southeastern word denoting 'hill', 'mountain', or 'peak', which echoes in other local toponyms. Notably, both the Nuenonne and Muwinina tribes of the Hobart and Sandy Bay areas belonged to the broader southeastern language group, threading cultural and linguistic ties of the region. "kriwalayti" has since been adopted by contemporary Palawa peoples in the reconstructed palawa kani language. During HMS Bounty's visit to the island in 1792, then known as Van Diemens Land, en route to Tahiti, the mountain was dubbed "Nelson's Hill" by Captain William Bligh, in tribute to the ship's esteemed botanist, David Nelson. Tragically, Nelson, a steadfast member of Bligh's crew during the infamous mutiny, met his demise in Kupang, Timor, in 1789, succumbing to an inflammatory fever following the grueling open-boat voyage post-mutiny.

Modern Developments
Significant suburban development in Mount Nelson commenced post-1945, driven by government initiatives to settle immigrants seeking refuge from the devastation wrought by World War II in Europe. This period witnessed the transformation of Mount Nelson into a thriving residential area. Additionally, the former firing range situated north of the bends on Nelson Road underwent conversion into university farmland for the University of Tasmania.

A Rialannah Post Office opened on 1 April 1948 and was renamed Mount Nelson in 1956. It closed in 1971.

In 1967 a large number of houses were destroyed by the Black Tuesday Bushfires.

Signal Station
Governor Lachlan Macquarie's visit to Van Diemen's Land in 1811 led to the establishment of a signal post atop Mount Nelson. This post served to announce the arrival of ships entering the estuary. The semaphore technology at the signal station became obsolete with the introduction of Tasmania's inaugural telephone line in 1880, linking the Mount Nelson signal station to the Hobart telegraph office. Adjacent to the Signal Station stands the Signal Station Brasserie, housed in the original head signalman’s residence built in 1897.

Historically, signaling operations evolved from flag-based systems to semaphores, with a notable upgrade in 1838 to a towering six-armed semaphore capable of transmitting over 900,000 distinct signals. This network facilitated rapid communication between the penal settlement at Port Arthur and Hobart. Signalmen, often accompanied by their families, endured varying weather conditions, working in shifts from 6 am to 9 pm.

In 1880, Tasmania's first telephone line replaced the semaphore, marking the advent of modern telecommunications. Despite technological advancements, the station continued to play a crucial role, hosting a base station for ship-to-shore radio-telephone communication in 1958. However, operations ceased in 1969, ending 158 years of communication history.

Since 1979, management of the Mount Nelson site has been under the purview of the Parks and Wildlife Service. Today, the station maintains ties to its heritage, flying the Tasmanian State flag daily and utilising International maritime signal flags to welcome ships and mark special occasions.

Geography
Geographically, Mount Nelson is positioned with its short northern boundary abutting the suburb area of Sandy Bay and extending through the University of Tasmania to Churchill Avenue. The northeast boundary follows Lambert Rivulet, traversing through the Skyline and Mount Nelson Signal Station Reserve, while the southern border adjoins the Kingborough Council. Internally, the suburb of Mount Nelson is bordered by the areas of Fern Tree, Dynnyrne, Ridgeway, and Tolmans Hill, as well as the Southern Outlet. This unique geographic placement offers residents a harmonious blend of urban convenience and natural beauty.

The suburb of Mount Nelson spans approximately 5.9 square kilometres, encompassing 14 parklands covering nearly 16.3% of its total area. Constructed in 1908 to provide better access to the Mount Nelson signal station, the main road in Mount Nelson is Nelson Road, which extends up the mountain from the Wrest Point Hotel Casino into the Sandy Bay suburb.

Truganini Conservation Area
Named after Nuennonne woman Truganini, the Truganini Conservation Area protects native bushland on Mount Nelson's southeast flank. A 90-minute bushwalk (4.2 km) from the Signal Station to Sandy Bay offers glimpses of diverse vegetation, a Truganini Memorial, and opportunities to spot wildflowers and native birds, including the endangered swift parrot.

Wildlife
Mount Nelson plays a vital role in the conservation of wildlife, particularly the endangered Swift parrot. Recognized as one of the breeding grounds for this species, Mount Nelson supports efforts to protect and preserve the habitat of these magnificent birds. With an estimated population of around 1000 breeding pairs, conservation initiatives aim to ensure the survival and sustainability of the Swift parrot population in the region.

Demographics
In 2021, the predominant age group in Mount Nelson is 40 years with 2.5 residents per household.

Facilities
Mount Nelson is served by the Mount Nelson Medical Centre, a general store, and pharmacy. The Mount Nelson Fire Station is situated at 40 Olinda Grove.

Educational facilities
Mount Nelson boasts several educational institutions, including Hobart College, one of the city's four public secondary colleges. Notably, Queen Mary of Denmark, wife of Frederik X, is an alumna of Hobart College. Furthermore, Mount Nelson is home to Mount Nelson Primary School, catering to approximately 200 students from Kindergarten to Grade 6. The school serves as a feeder to Taroona High School and encompasses students from Mount Nelson and Tolmans Hill.

Access
Mount Nelson is accessible via Proctors Road off the Southern Outlet and Nelson Road commencing in Sandy Bay. The suburb is serviced by Metro Tasmania bus routes 457, 458, X58 and school routes direct to Hobart College 412, 413, 415 and 417.

title: Mount Nelson, Tasmania


text:
CHS Inc.

CHS Inc. is a Fortune 500 secondary cooperative owned by United States agricultural cooperatives, farmers, ranchers, and thousands of preferred stock holders. Based in Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota, CHS owns and operates various food processing and wholesale, farm supply, financial services and retail businesses. It also distributes Cenex brand fuel in 19 midwestern and western states as one of North America's largest c-store networks. It is a co-owner (with Mitsui & Co.) of Ventura Foods, a vegetable oil processor.

CHS is ranked 1st on the National Cooperative Bank Co-op 100 list of mutuals and cooperatives (ranked by 2012 revenue), and 96th (by 2017 revenue) in Fortune 500's 2018 list of U.S. corporations.

History
CHS's history began in 1931 with the founding of the Farmers Union Central Exchange in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Later, the core cooperative company became Cenex, from the combination of the last two words in its previous name.

In 1998, Cenex merged with Harvest States Cooperatives. Harvest States was the product of a 1983 merger between North Pacific Grain Growers (formed 1929) and the Farmers Union Grain Terminal Association (formed 1938). The merged cooperative took the name Cenex Harvest States, adopting "CHS" as its brand name. In 2003, it changed its legal name to CHS Inc.

Co-branding with Eagle Stop
Eagle Stop is a chain of convenience stores headquartered in Missouri. , the chain has 49 locations, all in Missouri. All Eagle Stop locations are co-branded with Cenex gas stations.

title: CHS Inc.


text: User talk:69.203.204.161

title: User talk:69.203.204.161


text:
Maleny, Queensland

Maleny (pronounced muh-LAY-knee) is a rural town and locality in the Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. Maleny was a timber town until the early 1920s and then was a centre of dairy production and fruit growing. In the, the locality of Maleny had a population of 3,959 people.

Geography
Maleny is 90 km north of Brisbane on the Blackall Range overlooking the Sunshine Coast hinterland. Nearby towns include Landsborough, Montville, Peachester, Palmwoods and Hunchy. Nearby places of geographical significance include the Glass House Mountains and Baroon Pocket Dam (in North Maleny).

Baroon Pocket Dam constructed in 1989 is fed by the Obi Obi Creek, a significant tributary of the upper Mary River, which drains the basalt capped Maleny plateau. Water runoff statistics have been kept in this area since the 1940s showing that the average annual rainfall is 2037 mm and the runoff into Baroon Pocket Dam receives annually about 64,000 megalitres. The Baroon Pocket Dam holds about 61,000 megalitres of water and the treatment plant supplies about 150 megalitres of treated water to the Sunshine Coast daily.

Maleny is situated approximately 450 m above sea level, among the characteristic rolling green hills of the Sunshine Coast hinterland. Prior to European settlement, the area was covered in thick sub-tropical rainforest with huge hardwood trees. Loggers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries opened up the area seeking valuable timber, which was prized locally and in Europe. Heavy logging led to the almost complete denuding of the rainforest clad hills in the district around Maleny. Only a few pockets of forest remain in steeper terrain and in one large remnant patch (around 40 ha) which now forms Mary Cairncross Reserve.

Landsborough–Maleny Road enters from the east, Maleny–Montville Road exits to the north-east, Maleny–Kenilworth Road exits to the north-west, and Maleny–Stanley River Road exits to the south-west.

History
The name Maleny is probably derived from the parish name, which in turn is possibly derived from the Scottish place name Malleny, a historic house and garden in the Midlothian village of the same name.

The area around Maleny was originally populated by the Nalbo and the Dallambara — two aboriginal tribes of the Gubbi Gubbi language group. The area was known for its bunya feasts which happened every third year when the giant bunya tree was in fruit.

The first European to document Maleny was the explorer Ludwig Leichhardt who describes the area in his travel diary in 1844. The first European settlement followed in the wake of the Gympie gold rush of 1867. A track linking Maleny to Landsborough was cut in 1880.

An official proclamation of Maleny as a town occurred in 1891. Since just after the turn of the 20th century, the Maleny Community Centre has provided facilities to residents and visitors for a wide range of activities. The Maleny Butter Factory began operation in 1904. Two years later, Maleny Post Office opened by February 1906. (A receiving office had been open from 1889.)

Maleny Township State School opened on 22 April 1913. In 1915 its name was changed to Maleny State School. Maleny State High School opened 27 January 1987.

Maleny Baptist Church opened in July 1914. The Maleny branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association was formed in 1929.

St George's Anglican Church was dedicated on 6 September 1931 by Archbishop Sharp. It had been relocated from the Beerburrum Soldier Settlement where it was dedicated (also as St George's) on 20 August 1922 by Canon D.J. Garland, but it fell into disuse due to the failure of the settlement and was formally closed in August 1931 prior to its removal to Maleny. The building was originally built as a chapel at the Enoggera army barracks during World War I by the Soldiers' Church of England Help Society. Many of the furnishings and ornaments of the church were donated in memory of soldiers who had died, including the altar and its furnishings which were donated in the member of Earl Kitchener.

Although a campaign to have a police station in the town was started in the 1920s, it wasn't until 1952 that permission to convert a house into the police station and residence (in use until 2017) was granted. On 15 August 1995, the Queensland Governor Leneen Forde dedicated the Maleny War Memorial.

Maleny hosted the Maleny Folk Festival from its inception in 1987 to 1993, when it was moved to the nearby town of Woodford and renamed to the Woodford Folk Festival.

The Maleny Library was opened in 1998 with a major refurbishment in 2012.

Maleny's population growth since 2000 has brought an increase in urban development. Many local residents have resisted some of the development, the most notable being the establishment of a Woolworths store in the town. In July 2005, a rally attracted about 300 protestors objecting to the store. Many locals were opposed to the idea. (79% of local residents opposed according to "Market Facts" survey of 20 July 2005. ) A number of motivations for the protest existed but of particular concern was that the supermarket was to be built over a significant platypus habitat and that local traders would be negatively affected as well as issues regarding local council members going against the original town planning agreement regarding all development in Maleny to be in fitting with "the village environ" that characterises much of the townships of the Blackall Range. Badges and posters reading "I WON'T SHOP THERE" were seen in Maleny as part of the anti-Woolworths campaign, although the bumper stickers can now be seen in the Woolworths car park. The campaign against the supermarket achieved international coverage. Despite protests and an offer to purchase the site for A$2 million (pledged by local residents) the supermarket opened on 3 April 2006. Although many residents refuse to shop in the supermarket, nonetheless Woolworths recorded it as one of its top 30 stores in 2008.

In 2013, many residents protested the construction of a petrol station and convenience store at 19 & 21 Bunya St, Maleny by the IGA Supermarket. Protestors cited proximity to the primary school as the main issue with the development proposal. The proposal was abandoned by the owners of the IGA supermarket who said "We don't want to embroil our business in something that is controversial."

In 2016, Sydney-based advertising executive and author David Rollins proposed a "TT Style" motorcycle race for the Maleny area. Maleny residents formed a protest group to oppose this event called "Peaceful Roads Sunshine Coast." The group protested the event citing safety, noise and access issues of concern and that the event was not in keeping with the existing tourism activities in the area. The application was withdrawn in August 2018.

In 2018, Jeanette Jamieson became the Anglican priest in charge of the Parish of Maleny, having previously served in the Parish of Kilcoy.

Demographics
In the, the locality of Maleny had a population of 3,734 people.

In the, the locality of Maleny had a population of 3,959 people.

Heritage listings
Maleny has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * Fairview, 15 Porter's Lane
 * Maleny Lodge Guest House, 58 Maple Street

Economy
Maleny has replaced its timber-cutting and dairying past with tourism with a large influx of people who wanted an alternative lifestyle. As well as being on the Hinterland tourist drive, Maleny attracts daytrippers from Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast who are attracted to the various stores, art galleries and specialty shops.

Maleny is home to a large number of cooperative enterprises. There are art galleries, health food and organic produce stores, cafes, the Maleny Credit Union, a thriving business centre, rural settlements, a community golf course, alternative schools, alternative medical treatment centres, organic farms, intentional communities including the Crystal Waters Permaculture Village in nearby Conondale and the Fountainhead organic retreat and education centre (whose founder received a certificate from Senator Mark Furner for his work in helping those with depression and anxiety).

Education
Maleny State School is a government primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 16 Bunya Street (-26.7607°N, 152.8553°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 409 students with 32 teachers (27 full-time equivalent) and 23 non-teaching staff (14 full-time equivalent). The school offers a special education program.

Ananda Marga River School (also known as The River School) is a private primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 251 Bridge Creek Road (-26.7343°N, 152.8447°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 126 students with 14 teachers (10 full-time equivalent) and 17 non-teaching staff (10 full-time equivalent).

Maleny State High School is a government secondary (7–12) school for boys and girls at 50 Bunya Street (-26.7657°N, 152.8569°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 705 students with 60 teachers (55 full-time equivalent) and 29 non-teaching staff (20 full-time equivalent). The school offers a special education program.

Maleny Independent School is a private secondary (7–10) school at 23 Coral Street (-26.7171°N, 152.8176°W). As at 2019, the school had an enrolment of 25 students with one principal (0.8 full-time equivalent), three teachers (part-time) and one non-teaching staff (part-time).

Amenities
The Anglican parish of Maleny is part of the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane.

There are also a number of Protestant churches in the town: the Maleny Presbyterian Church, Maleny Uniting Church, the Church on the Rise, Maleny Baptist Church, and Maleny Seventh Day Adventist Church.

The Sunshine Coast Regional Council operate a library at 5 Coral Street which has a meeting room, wireless internet access, and access to a variety of books and periodicals. The library also conducts a number of public programs for community members of all ages. Plans to extend the Maleny Library are ongoing, as the library is the second smallest of the council's libraries but one of the busiest. The Sunshine Coast Libraries Plan 2014 - 2024 recommends reassessment of car parking provisions, the interior design of library spaces and opportunities to use alternate community spaces for library activities.

The Maleny branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at 1 Bicentenary Lane.

Attractions
McCarthy Lookout is at 563 Mountain View Road (-26.7813°N, 152.842°W). It provides views of the Glasshouse Mountains.

Despite its name, Maleny Botanic Gardens and Bird World is at 233 Maleny Stanley River Road in neighbouring Wootha.

Climate
Located on the humid eastern slopes of the Blackall Range, Maleny is one of the wettest towns in Queensland away from the north tropical coast. The average annual rainfall is about 2000 mm; however, during unusually wet years twelve-month rainfall totals of up to 4000 mm can be recorded, with monthly totals over 1000 mm and 24-hour totals up to 300 mm. Temperatures are mild and rarely get above 35 C in summer or drop below 5 C in winter.

Notable natives

 * Mike Ahern, Queensland National Party politician who was Premier of Queensland from December 1987 to September 1989.

title: Maleny, Queensland


text:
Rosina Lhévinne

Rosina Lhévinne (Розина Яковлевна Левина; Bessie (Бесси); March 29, 1880 – November 9, 1976) was a Russian and American pianist and famed pedagogue.

Early life, education and family
Rosina Bessie was the younger of two daughters of Maria (née Katz) and Jacques Bessie, a prosperous jeweller from a Dutch Jewish family who emigrated to the Russian Empire to ply his trade as a diamond merchant. There were violent anti-Semitic riots in Kiev during her first year, and the Bessies moved to Moscow in 1881 or 1882. The young Rosina began studying piano at the age of six with a teacher in Moscow, where the family had moved shortly after her birth. When her teacher became ill, a family friend suggested that she continue her studies with Josef Lhévinne, a talented student at the Moscow Imperial Conservatory, five years older than Rosina. She showed great talent and several years later was admitted to the Conservatory, where she also studied with Lhévinne's teacher, Vasily Safonov. At her graduation in 1898, she won the gold medal in piano as had Josef before her, and that year the two were married. They had two children, Constantine "Don" Lhevinne (1906–1998) and Marianna Lhevinne Graham (1918–2012).

Music career
Rosina gave up her ambitions to be a solo performer to avoid clashing with her husband Josef's career as a concert pianist, a vow she kept until well after his death in 1944. Thus she confined her activities to teaching and performing on two pianos with her husband. Together they lived and taught in Moscow, Tbilisi, Georgia and later in Berlin before emigrating after World War I and the Russian Revolution to New York, where they joined the faculty of the Institute of Musical Art which later became The Juilliard School.

Teaching
Having acted essentially as a preparatory teacher to her more famous husband's students for 46 years, she felt reluctant after his death to assume his full duties at the school; however, Juilliard's administrators were unanimous in wanting her to continue in her husband's place.

Among her students were many of the best young pianists of the 1940s, 50s and 60s, including Van Cliburn, who arrived in her class in 1951. At the height of the Cold War in 1958, he was awarded the First Prize at the inaugural Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow, becoming an instant worldwide celebrity and bringing international fame to his teacher. Other Lhévinne students include Martin Canin (her teaching assistant), James Levine (music director of the Metropolitan Opera), John Williams (composer and conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra), the composer Judith Lang Zaimont, pianists John Browning, Walter Buczynski, Kun Woo Paik, Seth Carlin, Eduardo Delgado, Madeleine Forte, Edna Golandsky, Tong-Il Han, Anthony & Joseph Paratore, Daniel Pollack, Marcus Raskin, Misha Dichter, Edward Auer, Santos Ojeda, Joel Ryce-Menuhin, Garrick Ohlsson, Joseph William Fennimore, Hiroko Nakamura, Selma Epstein, Robelyn Schrade, Neal Larrabee, Jeffrey Biegel and many others including several present-day teachers at the Juilliard School.

Performance
In 1949 Mme. Lhévinne reconsidered her decision never to play in public as a soloist, and in her 70s and 80s she made a remarkable series of appearances, first in collaboration with the Juilliard String Quartet, and later in concertos at the Aspen Summer Music Festival. Her greatest moment as a soloist came in January 1963, aged 82, with her debut at the New York Philharmonic under conductor Leonard Bernstein playing Frédéric Chopin's Piano Concerto No. 1, a piece she had performed for her graduation from the Moscow Conservatory sixty-five years earlier. There are recordings of both the Chopin Concerto and Mozart's C major Concerto, K. 467.

Death and legacy
Madame Lhévinne continued to teach at Juilliard and at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, where she died in 1976 at age 96.

Just prior to her death, Robert K. Wallace published a book about the Lhévinnes entitled A Century of Music-Making: The Lives of Josef and Rosina Lhévinne, for which she was extensively interviewed.

In 2003, Madame Lhévinne's former student and assistant, Salome Ramras Arkatov, produced a documentary film, The Legacy of Rosina Lhévinne, which contains rare archival footage of Lhévinne's teaching and performing as well as interviews with a number of her former students.

title: Rosina Lhévinne


text:
Apology Project

The Apology Project, a 1980 conceptual art project, was created by Allan Bridge who employed the pseudonym Mr. Apology. Bridge invited callers to "apologize their wrongs against people without jeopardizing themselves" and promoted the service by sticking up posters in the Tribeca area of New York.

Concept
The line was based at Allan Bridge's Manhattan loft and used an answering machine to record confessions from anonymous callers. Over the 15 years that the line was in operation, more than 1,000 hours of confession were recorded, with callers confessing everything from infidelity, shop lifting, drug dealing to ritualistic murder. Some of the confessions were published in Bridge's magazine Apology.

The project came to an abrupt end in 1995 when Bridge was struck and killed by a jet skier while diving in the heavily trafficked Shinnecock Inlet on Long Island. The incident was witnessed by two people on the shoreline, however the culprit was never found.

Legacy
In 2019, Mark Thomas of The Payphone Project acquired the former telephone number for the Apology Line, 212-255-2748, where it is now the official phone number. The calls are routed to the Payphone Radio stream.

Mr. Apology (novel)
Bridge sold the rights for the idea, inspiring the novel. Mr. Apology by Campbell Black, which was published by Ballantine Books in 1984. This was and this was adapted by screenwriter for the HBO thriller, Apology (1986).

Apology (film)
Screenwriter Mark Medoff used the original concept and the novel Mr. Apology to create a film version for HBO called Apology. The film starred Lesley Ann Warren, Peter Weller and John Glover. It won the Audience Award at the 1987 Cognac Festival du Film Policier, and that same year it won a CableACE Award for Maurice Jarre's music score.

In the Apology Line podcast, his wife Marissa Bridge recalled how Bridge took very little interest in the movie project and used it as a means to make money to keep the project going and received considerable criticism from listeners for "selling out".

The Apology Line (podcast)
Bridge's widow, artist Marissa Bridge, turned her perspective of the Apology Project into a podcast, which was first aired in January 2021. She hosted the six-episode series on podcast platform Wondery including:
 * Episode 1 – Introducing: The Apology Line
 * Episode 2 – Who's Sorry Now?
 * Episode 3 – Going Public
 * Episode 4 – Your Dungeon or Mine?
 * Episode 5 – To Catch a Serial Killer
 * Episode 6 – Mrs. Apology
 * Episode 7 – Strawberry Fields Forever
 * Episode 8 – And The Calls Live On
 * Episode 9 – What To Listen to Next: Against the Odds

Apology (play)
Apology, a new theatrical piece based on the life and work of Allan Bridge, is being developed by Greg Pierotti, co-writer of The Laramie Project.

title: Apology Project


text:
User talk:Chris2006~enwiki

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Done. -- Merope Talk 17:12, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Chris2006~enwiki


text:
Allan Bridge

Allan Bridge (February 14, 1945 – August 5, 1995) was an American conceptual artist best known for his creation in 1980 of the confessional phone system known as the Apology Line. He went by the pseudonym Mr. Apology (a label which has since been adopted by an advice columnist) and used new technology of the time, an answering machine, to record confessions from anonymous callers.

Life and career
Born in Falls Church, Virginia, Bridge attended the University of Chicago, where he earned a bachelor's degree in fine arts. Returning to the Washington, D. C. area, he became one of the second generation of artists of the Washington Color School movement.

For a series of large-scale paintings, he used poured paint techniques and then moved on to geometric abstraction. He was championed and collected by Gene Baro, at one time the director of the Corcoran Gallery of Art. Bridge exhibited at the Corcoran and many other galleries in the 1970s. He created at least 79 paintings in the years spanning 1970 to 1977. Bridge married Elinor Schiele in 1977, and they divorced in 1981.

Eventually, Bridge tired of the visual image and began making interactive machines with moral implications. The most famous best known of these is Crime Time, where the viewer spins a wheel of chance and either gets away with a "crime" by receiving a marble from the machine, or she gets "caught" and her hand is held in a lock for 30 seconds. From Crime Time, the next jump for his restless mind was the Apology Line, created after he moved to Manhattan in 1977.

Bridge sold rights for a film and novel. Mr. Apology by Campbell Black was published by Ballantine Books in 1984, and this was adapted by screenwriter Mark Medoff for the HBO thriller, Apology (1986). The film switched the sex of the conceptual artist from male to female (portrayed by Lesley Ann Warren).

In 1993, Bridge was the subject of a long article, "The Confession," by Alec Wilkinson, published in the October 4, 1993, issue of The New Yorker. Wilkinson's article was reprinted a decade later in Mr. Apology and Other Essays (Houghton Mifflin, 2003). He died on August 5, 1995.

Confessions
Some confessions taped from the Apology phone calls were published in Apology, a magazine edited and published by Bridge. The last issue was published January 1996. After investigating the notion of bringing the Apology Project to the online service GEnie, he was working on a book about the Apology Line and making plans in 1995 to expand the Apology confessions to the Internet.

In 1989, his second wife, Marissa Bridge, founded Marissa Bridge Studios, which became one of New York's leading decorative painting and restoration companies, with offices in Manhattan and the Hamptons. Active in boating and scuba diving, Bridge was diving in August 1995, when he was killed by a hit-and-run jet skier. Lydia Nibley wrote about this in her essay "All Apologies" (December 16, 2004):

 * This message was left anonymously on a phone-message service called the Apology Line, where people recorded their confessions and also listened to others admit to acts of intentional cruelty, silly screw-ups, unfortunate and unintentional mistakes and, on occasion, even murder. From 1980 to 1995, Allan Bridge ran the line as something of a secular priest, offering the potential for forgiveness through the catharsis of taped confession—until the day he was killed by a Jet-Skier who fled the scene and was never identified.

 * Allan's wife, Marissa, was convinced that had her husband lived, he would have forgiven the person who hit him. But does that Jet-Skier—who was seen circling back to confirm that it wasn't driftwood, but a man in scuba gear he had hit—live the rest of his life plagued by remorse and guilt? And would confessing to someone, anyone, even anonymously, make a difference?...

 * When asked if she is sure Allan would have been able to forgive the Jet-Skier who hit him—even without an apology—Marissa Bridge imagines several scenarios. "The person knew it was an accident and that it wasn't his fault," she says. "He couldn't have predicted a scuba diver would surface at that moment right in front of him. Maybe the person was really young and gave into the impulse to run away rather than to stay and face things. I'm sure whoever they are, they are sorry."

 * She explains that listening to Allan's collection of tapes from the Apology Line helps her understand that the average person is in some level of pain about past actions, and that people who have bigger regrets have a larger burden to carry. "Allan was a petty criminal in his early life, and he worried that people could fall too easily into being either the predator or the prey. He lived his life to say, 'Let's see if we can be better people.'"

Several passages about Bridge and jet skis are scattered throughout The Unwanted Sound of Everything We Want: A Book About Noise  by Garret Keizer.

Play
Apology, a new theatrical piece based on the life and work of Allan Bridge, is being developed by Greg Pierotti, co-writer of The Laramie Project.

Exhibitions
A bank of phone booths were installed for Bridge's 1981 show at the New Museum, enabling guests to pick up the phones and listen directly to the original Apology Line tapes.

Awards
The film Apology won the Audience Award at the 1987 Cognac Festival du Film Policier, and that same year it won a CableACE Award for Maurice Jarre's music score.

Listen to

 * This American Life, "Apology" (November 5, 2004)
 * The Apology Line, Wondery podcast, 2021
 * Mr. Apology, Criminal podcast, 2024

title: Allan Bridge


text:
Talk:Aoni Production

Added Ginga
Added Banjō Ginga to the article since Ginga is currently represented by Aoni as of June 2005.

Two more Seiyuus represented by Aoni
Added Yasunori Masutani and Rumi Kasahara to this page--both are represented by Aoni

External links modified
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Talk:Kartia: The Word of Fate

Untitled
I moved the article because it is impossible to think that someone would search for "Kartia: The World of Fate" rather than plain Kartia.

This will prevent having to scroll through a search result list.

I also did the same for a duplicate page about kartia...

Rebus
I was searching for 'Rebus' the japanese title which comes up with nothing this needs to be taken into account. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.150.103.101 (talk) 15:00, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Kartia: The Word of Fate


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ruppert county,virginia

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:51, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Ruppert county,virginia
There is no Ruppert County, Virginia, for starters. - dcljr (talk) 05:20, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong argument, delete. --W(t) 05:24, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)
 * Stuart, Virginia is in Patrick County, Virginia. "Ruppert County" gets no Google hits suggesting it is a county.  Further, no other articles link to the page.  Strong delete.  Could probably just go ahead and speedy it as nonsense. --Idont Havaname 05:57, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. JamesBurns 06:47, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete fake places masquerading as real ones. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:34, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ruppert County does not appear on the (apparently exhaustive) list of counties of Template:Virginia. A side note—there is a Rupert County, Virginia mentioned in the television show The Pretender. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 22:42, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Hoax, and a bad one at that. Hohokus 23:34, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:Buck O'Neil

Merged
This article should be merged into the John Jordan "Buck" O'Neil article, and this page redirect there. I apologize for this double entry. – KHill-LTown 05:21, 8 June 2005 (UTC)

Move
There was a request to move this page to Buck O'Neil - however there was no proper template/request on this page - so for this particular move I'll hold off until next time. Feel free to refile:). Ryan Norton T 01:32, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

NOT The Oldest Pro-Player
The claim that Buck O'Neil is the oldest man to play professional baseball is incorrect, and sourced information to that effect keeps being removed from the page. Ted "Double-Duty" Radcliffe made an appearance in a Northern League game seven years before Buck (1999 vs. 2006) and was nearly two years older than Buck (96 to 94) at the time. The information is listed on the Schaumburg Flyers website and can be verified. This does NOT constitute negative information, merely correcting the record.

Except the Schaumburg Flyers are not a pro team associated with the MLB. They are independent. Buck played in a minor league all star game which may be just a dubious but at least it is connected to the MLB. Read the SI obit listed below. 00:34, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

STILL not the oldest pro player
Except that the Schaumburg Flyers are a professional team, playing in the non-affiliated Northern League. Buck O'Neil played in the Northern League All-Star game, which is to say, he played a game in the same league that Radcliffe did seven years earlier. If someone wants to dispute Radcliffe's appearance in a regular-season Northern League contest as "not being associated with the MLB", then they must also dispute Buck's appearance in a Northern League All-Star game for the same reason.

Honestly, the designation is "professional", not "officially affiliated with MLB". Buck was the oldest player to have a plate appearance in a professional game, but Double Duty was the oldest player ever to appear in a game.
 * What is a plate appearance? --Gbleem 12:11, 9 October 2006 (UTC)
 * A "plate appearance" is exactly what it sounds like, a time at the plate. It can be an at bat (making a hit, out, or reaching on error), a walk, a sacrifice bunt, a sacrifice fly, a time hit by pitcher, or reaching on catcher's interference.  The latter five are not charged as At Bats, but are plate appearances.  Buck was intentionally walked both times to the plate, so he had two plate appearances with no at-bats.Couillaud 12:33, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

BTW, as much I liked Buck personally, and as much a killjoy as I've been to this point, I also have to point out that the Sports Illustrated article linked below has at some incorrect information, and some unfounded speculation, to wit:

Source for this is an article in the Chicago Tribune dated January 20, 1977, titled "Veeck was responsible for Cubs getting Banks".
 * Buck did NOT sign Ernie Banks to his first contract. Banks signed his first pro contract with with Monarchs, signed by Negro Leagues legend Cool Papa Bell in 1949, though it could be argued that it was merely a semi-pro contract; however, Banks was signed to his first Organized Ball contract in by Wid Matthews of the Cubs in 1953 while O'Neil was his manager with the Monarchs.  O'Neil did not join the Cubs as a scout himself until 1956.

 * O'Neil was not allowed to make "decisions during games" while with the Cubs, as SI reports. In a season when the Cubs employed their infamous "College of Coaches" (managerial duties rotated between coaches), O'Neil was not allowed in that roatation, and was not even allowed to coach from the sidelines during games.  The reasons for this are speculative, but rumor persists that racism was still at work.

 * If Buck O'Neil saw Babe Ruth hit home runs, it was as a paying spectator, as he never played an exhibition game against Ruth. This is confirmed by SABR research.

 * It is unknown how many votes Buck O'Neil received in the February 2006 Hall of Fame voting. The Hall of Fame counted the ballots and did not announce the vote totals, not even to the voting committe.  The statement that he missed selection by only one vote is purely speculative.

Couillaud 06:18, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

RIP Buck
SI Article

Would it be possible to add a link to http://www.buckoneilfoundation.org to the external links area? 209.159.98.1 16:05, 11 September 2007 (UTC) Thank you, Seth Downing

 * I don't know what the rules are regarding putting links that are not specifically for reference to the subject, so I'd hate to venture a bad guess.

 * What I would suggest, however, is that you add a new section after the section "Death", and call it "Legacy" or something, and write up a report about the Foundation, its general purposes, when it was created, and why it was named for Buck. I would guess that there could be no possible rule-based objection to the link then.   --   Couillaud 00:00, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:Buck O'Neil.jpg
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070608094140/http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers_and_honorees/oneil_buck.htm to http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/columns/story?columnist=thompson_wright&id=2608378
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First African-American baseball scout
I removed a statement saying that O'Neil was the first African American scout in Major League history when hired by the Cubs in 1955. John Donaldson was the first, having been hired by the White Sox in 1949. -- Couillaud 15:05, 10 February 2017 (UTC)

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User talk:Scja

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