text:
Talk:Yule Marble

VfD 2005
Article has been kept following this VFD debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  14:27, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Undertaking a major rewrite of this article
to include regroup of existing data, corrections, new data and citation of sources. I am the museum director, in Marble, Colorado. Also, over the last three summers, I have had regular contact with the quarry vice president. OneHistoryGuy (talk) 20:17, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Less than 1% of the original text remains OneHistoryGuy (talk) 07:09, 14 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Structuring of the article sections is complete and the text rewrite is finished. There probably will some inclusions of a few more details but will be within the existing article sections.  Each section will be gone through for grammar and writing style.  A few more citations are needed.

Once the aforementioned is finished will be ready for review for article rating OneHistoryGuy (talk) 21:35, 14 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Hi Onehistoryguy, I noticed on Gingko100's page that you are the Director of the museum in Marble CO. I just wanted to check a few things: 1) Is the text used in this article used in materials at the museum?  2) Do you plan on using the text in this article in future materials at the museum?  If the answer to either of those is "Yes" then you might want to contact the good people at OTRS_noticeboard.  There is a confidential method that you can use to validate your identity and ensure Wikipedia that we have permission to use this material.  If you don't do that, then there is a SLIM chance that this article might someday get deleted as a copyvio.  The risk would be that somebody visited the museum, saw the published materials that matched what is here, and the assumption was made that the person who wrote this article simply copied materials from the museum.  By contacting the OTRS people, you would let them know that you are in fact the director at the Museum and that any future similarities are a result of your using the same info twice but that Wikipedia has the appropriate permission to do so.
 * Also, keep in mind that this is an encyclopedia. So, 1) consider the tone---there were some places where the article read as a museum display rather than an encyclopedia.  2) Be mindful of conflicts of interest.  COI doesn't say that you can't work on an article, just be conscious that your personal biases COULD interfere with objectivity.  I didn't note any major issues when I skimmed the article, but do be mindful of that concern.--- Balloonman  Poppa Balloon 19:24, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi Balloonman. Thanks for looking the article but also for the above Wikipedia administrative matters.  I havr not used any text of an article section in my museum work or vice versa.  I have used some very small parts here and there from my museum work as generic facts (dates, places, names, quantities etc) which is only natural.  The upshot is no one who comes to the museum will find any displayed text that could be remotely seen as a duplicate of what I used in this Wiki article.

 * I have intentionally used some stepped-in outline format rather than a flowing narrative (ie overview of the integrated quarry, quarry operators since 1988) for better comprehension is given to the reader in this form instead of a flowing narrative. Could you post a rewrite of a outline into a narrative?  I would like to see for maybe I can do the same for the rest.

 * I am not aware of any bias for I have not offered any opinions of derived conclusions. I still have more citations to add. OneHistoryGuy (talk) 01:15, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

13 photographs added
13 photos have been added of which 12 are from the collection of the Marble Historical Society OneHistoryGuy (talk) 07:34, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

Removing step- outlines and some "Bold
After a post by Balloonman, I looked over my use of step-outline with bold and found I can change most (but not all) to narrative. Some have been changed OneHistoryGuy (talk) 09:51, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Completed removal of outline step-in OneHistoryGuy (talk) 20:14, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

Rewrite is complete
I asked if any editor is following this article to conduct an edit review OneHistoryGuy (talk) 19:56, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

How well linked is this article?
Is it a WP:Orphan? Not literally an orphan, but not real well linked, either.

Can we think of more links internally and in other articles? 7&6=thirteen (☎) 04:06, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I will give some more thought what linkage can be made. I did search for names of people and nearby towns finding a few wiki articles that I did link to.  I avoided wiki links to countries and even cities for they are to broad in scope.   Maybe there is something in geology type articles.  I can add some more buildings using Yule marble throughout the article but first I need to find if there is a wiki article.  I will then place a wiki link in the building to yule marble.  Yule marble is a narrow subject.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by OneHistoryGuy (talk • contribs) 01:31, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
 * We need linkage. (Pardon me for being an officious intermeddler).  One of the greatest things about Wikipedia is the links.  We are part of a much greater work, and need to connect to and from it.  This will increase traffic, and make all of this a better experience for the [knowledgable] readers.   7&6=thirteen (☎) 01:36, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Your are not intermeddler at all. Still new to this aspect, I welcome and need the help. I don't have a good feel where in the article to make more wiki links.  So please make what ever wiki links you feel are needed. OneHistoryGuy (talk) 05:28, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

✅ 7&6=thirteen (☎) 12:11, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I did this very crudely. Just put it in the "See also" section of a lot of buildings. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 12:30, 17 March 2012 (UTC)

File:YuleMarbleQuarry1914alt1.jpg
Could you add ID's to the caption for the features labeled 1, 2 & 3? Thanks, Pete Tillman (talk) 05:54, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Caption added. There are the three producing quarries OneHistoryGuy (talk) 01:05, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

Edifices where the marble was used
I noted in the Tennessee marble is had several sections. Maybe this should be added here. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 16:14, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I like the idea and I will create a table of them by state. There are 111 known structures.  Should I include all 111?  I do have a link to the list I placed in Commons  OneHistoryGuy (talk) 01:12, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
 * There is no limit. Maybe just the more important ones (and by important, I include all the ones that have Wikipedia articles).  If it doesn't have an article, it certainly needs a reference, and even if it has an article, a reference that says it's "Yule Marble" would be good.   7&6=thirteen (☎) 01:21, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I will include the 111 buildings as section article. I have the dates when the structures went up and if they still exist. OneHistoryGuy (talk) 05:35, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

Sculptural use
When I googled Yule Marble, I got a lot of pictures of sculptures. Obviously, there are a lot of sculptors who have found this material to fit their needs and inspire their creation. Materials can affect the creative processes, and make the juices flow. This is a whole 'nother dimension to the mine. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 01:23, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
 * The Marble of Institute of Colorado holds an annual marble carver symposium, in Marble. There is also a website, Franciscos (?) with carving done with Yule marble.  I can come up with some others but these are commercial businesses.  Are websites that sell Yule marble sculptures permissible? OneHistoryGuy (talk) 05:31, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

computer going to the shop 21 Nov
My internet searching links are being redirected and I have not been able to remove the redirect code. Taking the computer into the shop Monday morning OneHistoryGuy (talk) 05:42, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a trojan or virus. When I've encountered something really persistent like that, I have found use of Norton GoBack (if it is still available, and will work on your operating system) to be a good route.  That won't help you now, but it might in the future.  7&6=thirteen (☎) 12:11, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

Is this a typo?
American Marble & Title Co. Should it be Tile? 7&6=thirteen (☎) 18:38, 23 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Hurst mansion San Jose. Should it be Hearst Castle in San Simeon?  My research is otherwise drawing a blank.  You spelled it like Hurst shifters, which doesn't fit the time frame.  7&6=thirteen (☎) 18:42, 23 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Irvine Sarcophagus. Could this be Thomas Starr King's sarcophagus, which is listed on the NHRP?  photo See List of California Historical Landmarks. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 18:47, 23 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Barth Mausoleum, Denver. Could this be Brigadier General Charles H. Barth at the Leavenworth National Cemetery?   7&6=thirteen (☎) 18:53, 23 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Pasadena Forest Lawn Chapel & Crematory Trying to Link to a Forest Lawn Cemetery, but I am finding lots min Wikipedia (with impressive buildings and pictures), but not in Pasadena.   7&6=thirteen (☎) 18:56, 23 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Denver Chessman Memorial. Do you mean Cheesman Memorial?  See here.   I made this change.  7&6=thirteen (☎) 19:26, 23 November 2011 (UTC)

Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Denver. That article says Indiana Limestone and Gunnison Granite. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 21:55, 23 November 2011 (UTC) ✅

 * I am simply trying to correctly identify the listings under structures. I am depending on Onehistoryguy (and whatever source he used for the table) for the identification.  I would also suggest that we need to put in a footnote ("alpha") that identifies the source for that whole table, and the statement that Yule Marble was used in those structures.  The footnotes I have been adding do not mention Yule Marble, but do identify what I deem to be a likely structure, and provide some information about them.   7&6=thirteen (☎) 13:08, 24 November 2011 (UTC)

 * All items in the table came from the book by Oscar McCollum. A scan of the table (directly from his book) is in Commons and is cited.  I did find a internet link to a Barth Mausoleum in a cemetery in Denver but I did not find the mausoleum.  I never found the Irvine Sarcophagus.  Where in the Basilica the marble was used is unknown.  It is possible the use might have been for objects with the structure, such as a font.  Chessman instead of Cheesman was a finger flub. OneHistoryGuy (talk) 07:09, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

Thatcher Memorial
Thatcher Memorial - Denver, COin Smithsonian Art Inventory SculpturesPosted by: Outspoken1N 39° 44.691 W 104° 57.41013S E 503698 N 4399439Quick Description: Impressive Is this it? 7&6=thirteen (☎) 00:19, 24 November 2011 (UTC)
 * for the record - or perhaps this is better said off the record, I am about 2/3 way through writing an article on the Thatcher Memorial. This is a bit more good info to use.  Thanks all.  Einar aka Carptrash (talk) 03:07, 24 November 2011 (UTC)
 * However I just searched the Waymarking link and the SIRIS link and found no mention of Yule Marble. Any other ideas?  Carptrash (talk) 03:12, 24 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I didn't say that that Thatcher waymarking page said anything about Yule Marble. I was simply trying to identify a site that shed some light on the possible identification of the listing.   7&6=thirteen (☎) 12:48, 24 November 2011 (UTC)
 * The link at the top is the the Thatcher structure, which a a marble burial vault. I do have a photograph that I will upload OneHistoryGuy (talk) 06:34, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * The link at the top IS NOT the Thatcher item in the article list (fumble fingers on the keyboard). Thatcher structure is a burial vault.  I will upload a photo  OneHistoryGuy (talk) 06:38, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

Greeley County Courthouse (Nebraska)
The Greeley County Courthouse in Greeley, Nebraska is on the list of buildings using Yule marble. Three sources are given. One is to a Wikimedia Commons category containing photos of the courthouse. One is to a Nebraska State Historical Society website. The third doesn't provide a link, but appears to refer to the National Register of Historic Places nominating form for the courthouse, which is available through a link on the NSHS website cited. The first two sources definitely don't mention Yule marble. I scanned the third (the nominating form) and didn't find it mentioned there either, although it's a longer source and I might have overlooked it. Could the editor who inserted the courthouse point to the mention of Yule marble in the nom form, or supply another source that supports the inclusion of the courthouse on the list? If not, I think it ought to be removed. Ammodramus (talk) 22:54, 29 November 2011 (UTC)
 * The Greeley County Courthouse is listed as containing Yule Marble on the initial listings of structures and the sources. See footnotes [4] [34].  There is no wikipedia article on the courthouse specifically, but you are invited to create one.  Your evident interest in Nebraska history would be satisfied in doing that, I hope.  These provide context and some understanding as to what this building was (historically, culturally, architecturally).  The absence of an article and sources on these buildings makes a simple listing almost meaningless for our readers.  That they don't mention QUOTE Yule Marble UNQUOTE does not diminish their worth.  That would be true of a lot of the references in this article.   So while I appreciate what you think and your viewpoint, I think to the contrary.
 * However, if you want to cite to footnotes [4] and [34] too, that would certainly be appropriate, and I concur with that. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 13:30, 30 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I couldn't check source [4], but source [34] supports the inclusion of the courthouse. I've removed the three citations on the courthouse itself, since they don't support the Yule-marble assertion.  Unfortunately, I didn't get any interior shots when I photographed the building; the exterior is all brick, with no marble that I can see.  If we had some interior shots showing actual marble, the Commons category might be valid as a see-also link.  I'll try to remedy that the next time I find myself in Greeley.
 * Regrettably, I don't know enough about architecture to write a decent article on the courthouse; there'd have to be an architecture section, and if I wrote it I'd have to parrot from the nom form, without the knowledge to spot possible errors. Ammodramus (talk) 14:20, 30 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I put it back in as a footnote, not an endnote. I also put in endnotes that are to footnotes 4 and 34, since you could not find them.  Sorry that you can't see the benefit of inclusion.   7&6=thirteen (☎) 14:28, 30 November 2011 (UTC)
 * The lettered footnote is OK; I've added some explanatory detail to it, to help readers decide whether or not they want to go to the Commons category or the NRHS nom form. I've removed the Perazzo and McCollum footnotes for the courthouse, since they're cited at the top of the list as authorities for the whole list.  My problem with the numbered footnotes after the courthouse was that they appeared to be the authorities for its inclusion on the list.  I've fixed the link to the nom form, and removed the NRHP-in-Greeley-County link, since that didn't contain any information about marble in the building (and all the info in it is in the nom form).  Ammodramus (talk) 14:53, 30 November 2011 (UTC)

Broken what?
Looking through the section on Nebraska structures using Yule marble, I find the I.O.O.F. Building in "Broken Arrow, Nebraska". To the best of my knowledge, there is no Broken Arrow in Nebraska. There is, however, Broken Bow, Nebraska; and that city has an Odd Fellows hall, now the Tiffany Theater, whose exterior appears to be mostly brick but might incorporate some marble (it's hard for me to tell from the photos). Unfortunately, "Broken Arrow" is what's given on the Perazzo website, so I'm loath to make a correction that comes close to being OR. Is there another source, e.g. McCollum, that might be used to check and correct this? Ammodramus (talk) 15:34, 30 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Broken Bow is the correct location. I have had telephone conversation with the president of the bank in Broken Bow who owns the building and he said there is marble on the inside.  I know this does not meet the Wiki standard of verify.  This is where I am lost in the wiki editing as well as formating an citation.  I am glad that others who know what needs to be done are doing so.  OneHistoryGuy (talk) 06:43, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

 * The converstion was back in April 2001. Prior, I talked with a surviving member of IOOF about the building OneHistoryGuy (talk) 06:56, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

Cambridge Building New York
Not a good source, but this flickr page could very well be the building. It has the look. Not adding this to the article, but am providing it as a 'crumb on the trail' to uncovering the building. It has an address. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 19:05, 9 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I have a photo of the building but I do not have the right to post it. I acquired the photo from an email inquiry back in April-May of 2011.  At this time I was building a display for the museum showing the structures where the marble can be found.  I have a computer mapping program where I made an almost 4 foot wide map of the US.  I then plotted on the map the known locations.  I then placed around the map photos that I was able to scour from the websites, museums, historical societies, library etc.  I still have the email of the guy who sent the photo.  I think I have the address of the building for I used google map and found it this way also. OneHistoryGuy (talk) 06:18, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

 * "Cambridge" is etched into stone above the entry OneHistoryGuy (talk) 06:21, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

 * The building in the flickr link is not the Cambrdige building that I was provided a photo of or with google map. The entrance faces the corner. OneHistoryGuy (talk) 06:28, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Cambridge building is at 1270 Broadway, on the corner with west 33rd street. A Radisson Hotel is adjacent.OneHistoryGuy (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 06:41, 10 December 2011 (UTC).

structures with no references

 * I think I caused confussion with "no reference" for every structure in the article section is referenced in the book "Marble, Colorado, City of Stone" and or "Marble A Town Built On Dreams". None of the structures are original research for every one meets the Wiki definition of Verifiable, which is

 * "The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth—whether readers can check that material in Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source, not whether editors think it is true."

 * I uploaded to Commons a scan of the list from "Marble A Town Built On Dreams", which is an expanded list from "City of Stone".OneHistoryGuy (talk) 01:07, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

Below are the structures in the article list with no reference. My references to photos and research is between January thruMay 2011. I found a lot photos but no license "BNL"

California	Los Angeles	Bankers Trust Building; $200,00 (An extensive search architecture school at USC, UCLA, county museum, county historian, county library). Maybe the building had a different name? In Denver the Denham Building was originally the Shubert Theater.

California	Los Angeles	Citizen's National Bank (I did find a photo at 453 South Spring. The banking district for LA bnl

California	Los Angeles	Fidelity Building (I have a photo bnl. I think I can locate a link, LA public library)

California	Pasadena	Forest Lawn Chapel & Crematory; $10,000 (never was a Forest Lawn in Pasadena. One in Glendale - 7 miles away.  Is it a wrong location or right location but wrong name...I do not know

Colorado - 33	Denver 	Barth Mausoleum (in the Fairmount Cemetery)
 * Is this the sort of documentation we need? Looks like a good source.  In fact, we might want to get a copy of it.  eek aka Carptrash (talk) 01:58, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

Colorado	Denver	Broadway Bank (I have a photo that was sent to me by the bank so it is bnl - 100 Broadway)

Colorado	Denver	Old Customs House (??marble here - 16th and Arapahoe building town down

Colorado	Glenwood Springs	Citizens National Bank; $899 (I have a photograph bnl)

Colorado	Glenwood Springs	Federal Building (floors) (I have a photo graph bnl)

Colorado	Gunnison	Post Office (I have a photo but nnl)

Colorado	La Junta	Santa Fe Office Building; $3,550 (I have photo bnl - taken by local librarian)

Colorado	Marble	St Paul's Church, font (now in Glenwood Springs Episcopal Church) Have photo bnl

District of Columbia   DC	Barnes Hospital; $15,000 (west wing as hydrotheropy ward)Part of old soliders retirement home. I had left phone msgs with a Mr Wu but never returned my calls

District of Columbia	DC	Real Estate Trust Building; $5,540 (no idea)

District of Columbia	DC	W. Seely Hutchinson; $1,619 (no idea)

Illinois	DeKalb	Mausoleum (did not research)

Illinois	Rockford	Mausoleum; $1,000 (did not research)

Illinois	Chicago	Telephone Building; $76,000 (Made a couple of phone inquires to the library but without a phone company more time would be involved. I had to wrap up the design.  A central bell building present could be it

Indiana Crawford	Davis Mausoleum (town name is actually Crawfordsville - did not research)

Indiana	Morocco	Mausoleum; $8,000 (did not research)

Iowa	Plover	Lind Mausoleum (did not research)

Kansas	Windfield	Mausoleum (did not research)

Kansas	Wichita	Public Library; $2,000 (I have a photo bnl)

Kentucky	Paducah	Mausoleum; $7,000 (did not research, library would charge $20 an hour)

Michigan	Detroit	Office Building - 43 story (did not research this one)

Missouri	Kansas City	Community Mausoleum (never found)

Missouri	Saint Louis	German Savings Bank (never found, library, historical societies)

Missouri	Saint Louis	German-American Institute (same as above)

Montana - 2	Billings	Montana Power House (I do have a photo bnl)

Montana	Great Falls	United Savings and Trust (never found)

Nebraska	Hastings	Masonic Temple; $1,125 (Blue Moon cafe today)

Nebraska	Lincoln	Chaplin Building

Nebraska	Lincoln	Bancroft Ward School (Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln) Univ lib has but $15 so I passed

Nebraska	Saint Paul	Howard County Court House; $10,000 (I have photo bnl)

Nebraska	Sidney	First National Exchange Bank (never heard back from local library)

New York - 3	New York City	Cambridge Building (I have photo bnl - location is 1270 Broadway at the corner of W33rd Street)

New York	Schenectady	Cross and seal design (Never found a local historian went through a of effort. But little info to go on.  Do know now if part of a buidling, a cemetery, church).

Ohio - 4	Belefontaine	Post Office; $707 (I have photo bnl)

Ohio	Jayville (jaysville)	Abbottsville Memorial

Ohio	Sidney	First National Bank

Ohio	Versailles	Mausoleum; $6,000

Oklahoma	Tulsa	Tulsa High School (The building still stands and is part of the local power company. I have a photo of the building taken at night bnl).

Oklahoma	Tulsa	Studebaker Company Building (main at washington)

Rhode Island - 1	Providence	Providence County Court House

Tennessee	Memphis	Commercial Trust & Savings Bank (library charges $25 per hour for people out side Memphis)

Wisconsin	Oshkosh	Private Vault; $311 (never looked)

— Preceding unsigned comment added by OneHistoryGuy (talk • contribs) 08:23, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Instead of referencing a building to an image in Common, just insert the image. Footnoting or ref to a wiki article should be bracketed, and for images, insert the images, this is preferred. I also added your table and chart in the Notes section, and changed the ref to a group-ref. Also, found another ref to Quarry Town, so noted that too. Also, added more wikilinks and refs to other Colo mineralology terms. I am emjoying helping you folks on this article. Just a few things I found during the B-review, and thought jumping in and doing some of the changes instead of detailed comments. Hope y'all don't mind. Much more refs are needed for the buildings.... what was the original source of all the buildings listed? Cheers, Lance.... LanceBarber (talk) 05:30, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the additions. I am lost as to the proper-best way to cite a source. This why I glad that others have taken on this part. At the same time I am concerned that if to many well meaning folks get involved there will to many differning opinions and conflict.  If something is worked out, it might be undone by others. I welcome changes to sentence style and grouping of the information.  I will though take a serious challenge to any fact removal or change that I wrote if I know it is wrong.
 * ==> Guy,I created some samples that I use over and over, plz see: User:LanceBarber/Archive ... scan down about half way and I have various books, periodicals, and mags with what they look like. Enjoy...Lance...LanceBarber (talk) 07:04, 11 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I do not know the original source for "City of Stone" for the authors only notes "many sources". Mr McCollum used "The Marble Booster", the town's newspaper of 1911 to 1917 but I do not know of other periods.  1911-1917 was the time period for the vast majority of buildings in his list.  I have used a wide range of sources that verified most of the unsourced buildings with photos and the dates of the structures.  Most photo-text came as emails and is not available on-line.  I know this is OR but I state as confirmation that the list is accurate.  OneHistoryGuy (talk) 06:32, 11 December 2011 (UTC)
 * ==> Guy, here's another wiki source you need to peruse: No original research. Eventually an editor will be placing notices or warnings of uncited material, typically using the following: Red is green and a wiki bot will find the citeneeded and attach current month and year.... or various ref-needed boxes .  LanceBarber (talk) 07:14, 11 December 2011 (UTC)
 * ==>>I found the ref at the beginning of the section noted all the buildings which was perfect. Any additions to the table can be individual ref'd. Thank you for hard work. Cheers, Lance...LanceBarber (talk) 19:13, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I think I caused confussion with "no reference" for every structure in the article section is referenced in the book "Marble, Colorado, City of Stone" and or "Marble A Town Built On Dreams". None of the structures are original research for every one meets the Wiki definition of Verifiable, which is

 * "The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth—whether readers can check that material in Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source, not whether editors think it is true."

 * I uploaded to Commons a scan of the list from "Marble A Town Built On Dreams", which is an expanded list from "City of Stone".OneHistoryGuy (talk) 01:07, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

there is a loud silence
about Yule marble in the Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Denver article. I am trying to get a stub going about the rather obscure Detroit architect who designed (any Michigander reading this can arise to the challenge and beat me to it) it, but noticed that the article mentions three different kinds of stone used, none our beloved Yule. So. . . ............? Einar aka Carptrash (talk) 01:47, 11 December 2011 (UTC)
 * The basic sources on yule marble structures do mention it. Too bad the other sources didn't pick up on it. Sigh. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 01:52, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

 * The use here might be similar to the font (baptism bowl-stand)that is now in Saint Barnabus Episcopal Chuch, in Glenwood Springs. Just some small items that are not part of the physical structure.  OneHistoryGuy (talk) 06:14, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

Reworking the entire article
I have been reworking the article from the end back up to the beginning. The majority has been rewriting paragraph opening and closing sentences, some sentence structures in general, reference formats, moving most table data into thumbnail captions or section text (and deleting the tables), section header wording, removing use of bold.

Some sections have been greatly expanded with new text (1884-1905 quarrying, Lincoln Memorial, and Tomb of the Unknowns). OneHistoryGuy (talk) 07:24, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi, OneHistoryGuy-- you've certainly been diligent with this article. I tried to tiptoe through some minor editing changes and got as far as the first table. I hope I didn't mess up anything significant. If you're okay with what I'm doing, I'll be back to look at the rest. I capitalized both words in proper geologic names (like Yule Marble, Leadville Limestone), and we need to continue that, I think. Also, the entire article needs units converted to metric. There's a simple code for this, but I'll have to dig it out. Meanwhile, keep up the good work! --Araucana (talk) 15:50, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi Araucana. I like your editing changes for they improved the quality the article.  So please come back and continue.  I am an expert on the subject (not so much the geology) for content but my writing is lacking to reach the desired quality level. My objective is a top-notch article. OneHistoryGuy (talk) 20:15, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

completed conversion to metric
Some conversions were made without a undefined undefined function to retain prefered format. Also did not find a undefined undefined from short ton to metric ton. I found undefined undefined functions in different articles. OneHistoryGuy (talk) 01:36, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

rework is complete and the article now stable

 * The geology section was created from the former "Background" and expanded significantly (text and images)
 * the article lead rewritten to span the entire article and cover the main points.
 * sentences rewritten to transition more smoothly to the next paragraph-section and tie back to the article lead
 * Added references to text sections
 * Conversions to metric
 * cite format for websites changed to Wiki format
 * corrections of typos, grammar and sentence structure made by other editors OneHistoryGuy (talk) 02:40, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Looks good to me. Thanks for the tremendous amount of time and effort you've spent on this!

 * Might be time to consider a peer review for a Good Article promotion? Cheers, Pete Tillman (talk) 02:45, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi Pete. Before a peer review for possible GA, I want to go over the results of the B rating but I can not find it.  I stumbled across a listing of what a rating reviewer (do not know the name) found that needed improvement. Any idea where I can find it? OneHistoryGuy (talk) 03:33, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Here you go: . Ruhrfisch's comments there are good. Didn't realize it was already a "B"! Best, Pete Tillman (talk) 03:52, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I will try to get back today with more minor (grammar, punct) corrections (not having finished what I started). This is a complex article, and, despite OHG's progress to date, still needs a solid edit pass, in my opinion. Would be nice if a geologist could take a look! Thanks for all you've accomplished with it already, OHG!! --Araucana (talk) 16:21, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I completely agree about the need for a solid edit. With my completion of the changes recommended Ruhrfisch, content has now reached the limit for new data inclusions and I do not see more restructuring of the data... at least by me.  I welcome a hard edit OneHistoryGuy (talk) 02:56, 23 December 2011 (UTC)

going through Ruhrfisch peer reivew
to check the article against improvement recommended by Ruhrfisch. Pete Tillman found the review Ruhrfisch made with the article was submitted for rating back somewhere at the end of November-early December 2011 OneHistoryGuy (talk) 05:25, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Review completed and almost every recommendation was incorporated. No existing articles can be modeled because Yule Marble has an extreemly limited geology and the majority of article data is other than geology.  (The content structured itself).  Retained the use of "present" instead of specifying "2011" for in this specific article "present" will not become obsolete as the use of "2011" will. OneHistoryGuy (talk) 03:06, 23 December 2011 (UTC)

My undo
The change by Clegs was undone because it was erroneous. The information about the last post 1945 resident in Marble came from the source "Vignettes", by Oscar McCollum, who also wrote the other cited book "Marble. a town built on dreams."

The other change I undid is more troubling. The editor removed the distance and elevation data from a photo caption because he/she did not see the purpose. Such data is part of the overall article approach of specifics. What troubles me is the editor did so on opinion, never claiming the data was a negative inclusion. If the data diminished the photo caption or the article I would agree with the change. OneHistoryGuy (talk) 21:38, 12 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I thought the GPS coordinates were useful. E.g, one could look at this location on google earth. That one editor "sees no purpose" does not limit its utility to other editors and readers, and is hardly dispositive.  7&6=thirteen (☎) 21:43, 12 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Please pardon my edit. I in no way meant to cause harm to you or the article. Sometimes too much extra chatter is included with Images...not saying that is the case here. I apoligize for my quick finger. ```Buster Seven   Talk  21:47, 12 February 2012 (UTC)
 * No harm taken and did not mean to infer any. What I should have added to the "troubling" is I have seen other articles that become an endless edit of one item here by one editor then someone else one item over there.  I do not want this to happen here.  There have been many edits over the last several weeks for grammar and format which I welcome for I would like to get the article ready for another rating review.OneHistoryGuy (talk) 04:04, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

restatement of article content
I rewrote the article with the serious researcher in mind (ref Wiki grade scale), which is why I included content of such depth and scope. I believe it is better to have excessive details in one location rather than general information for which you must go to other sources. This belief is from my personal experiences. OneHistoryGuy (talk) 04:06, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

Geology
Seems the long quote from the USGS should be rewritten rather than just plunked in as a quote. Also the sentence: The non-calcite inclusions were caused through penetrations along the seams created by the dome uplift rather than through metamorphic contact with the uplifted dome. needs clarifying. Were the "inclusions" the result of quartz vein injections or segregations / migration of impurities in the limestone or accumulations along pre-existing bedding planes in the limestone? Guess I need to read the USGS report.

Also the timeline contains some rather irrelevant entries and the 24 hour clock columns seem irrelevant - especially considering the "serious researcher" comment above. Vsmith (talk) 16:03, 18 March 2012 (UTC)

 * The USGS quote has problems. It contains links including piped links, it omits Harvard ref tags, it provides metric conversions not in the original and has re-arranged content. If it is a quote there should be no modifications. Vsmith (talk) 00:40, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Rewrote the troublesome quote material and added / fixed a bit in the following paragraph. Vsmith (talk) 23:47, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks for replacing the USGS extract with your rewrite. A vast improvement.  Such a rewrite was beyond my knowledge, which is why I originally included the USGS section as a quote.  OneHistoryGuy (talk) 03:14, 21 March 2012 (UTC)

GA review
7&6=thirteen (☎) requested a GA review at WikiProject Geology/Assessment. Is that the consensus here? RockMagnetist (talk) 06:01, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

"Mormon Auditorium" entry
The table on this article list a "Mormon Auditorium" in Independence, Missouri. This needs to be clarified, as there is no structure with this name in this city, and it is in no way clear what is meant by this entry: The reference to this entry seems to be http://quarriesandbeyond.org/states/co/co-structures.html which then in turn references Marble, Colorado: City of Stone without a page number. When we are sure which of these (or possibly other) buildings we are referring to, we should use the correct name. In the mean time, no wikilink is appropriate, especially not the one to the Temple Lot. -- 208.81.184.4 (talk) 18:25, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
 * the 1958 Auditorium (Community of Christ) is built from steel reinforced concrete
 * the 1905 & 1990 Hedrickite Temple Lot meetinghouses are/were made of wood
 * the 1888 Stone Church (Independence, Missouri) is made from stone quarried near Warrensburg, Missouri
 * the 1971 LDS Visitors Center, Independence, Missouri is made of steel reinforced concrete
 * the 1994 Independence Temple is also built of steel reinforced concrete

 * Thanks for pointing the out building name error. The Auditorium is part of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS), aka Community of Christ.  OneHistoryGuy (talk) 04:20, 21 March 2012 (UTC)

 * So where exactly does Yule Marble play a role in the the CoC's Auditorium? Its not made from it. -- 208.81.184.4 (talk) 17:23, 21 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I don't think the sources specify that. They say that Yule Marble supplied marble that was used in it, without specifying. If you have better information, please provide it. WP:RS. 7&6=thirteen (☎) !~

 * On page 110-111 of the source book, the RLDS in Independence, Missouri, had purchased marble for three years prior to 1921. In 1921, the RLDS formed the "Colorado White Marble Company" and took over part of the abandoned Strauss Quarry (closed in 1917).  A 450foot long tunnel was made by 1926.  The Auditorium ground breaking started in 1926.
 * I can not answer where the marble was used but Yule marble was used in other locations as other that structural. The Episcopal Church in Glenwood Springs has a baptism bowl and stand made Yule marble.  OneHistoryGuy (talk) 13:53, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

Are you sure this stuff floats?
A density of 76 kilos per cubic metre would mean that this would be excellent material for floating platforms, or flotation devices in ships, lifebelts and so forth. However as cubic metres are rather larger than cubic feet I'm guessing that the conversion was incomplete and it should be closer to 2,500 which is around 90% of the weight of pure Calcite. A referenced weight would be appreciated, in the meantime I'll move the figure to something that fits a bit better.  Ϣere Spiel  Chequers  08:47, 26 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Just use convert: 170 lb/ft3. Vsmith (talk) 09:48, 26 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks  Ϣere Spiel  Chequers  20:54, 1 May 2012 (UTC)

Where is the bias?
I looked at the article rating and saw the Objective rating is 3 (based on three reviews) which displays as "minimal bias". Can someone point out where bias exists? OneHistoryGuy (talk) 06:41, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
 * User ratings are by and large low. There is no bias, but this is typical of article ratings. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 13:39, 5 June 2012 (UTC)

Yule Marble and David Stott Building and Cadillac Tower
I know that Yule Marble was used in a "43 story building" in Detroit according to the sources in that article. I tried to find in vain a 40 story builing in Detroit. However, today I happened to be in downtown Detroit, and looked up this building in wikipedia. This building is 37 stories above ground, and 3 stories below, the timing is right, as is the size of the building, along with the description of materials. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 18:44, 4 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Sorry, our article says "43 story". I have not been able to figure out the name of that building, based on that description.  It isn't listed in List of tallest buildings in Detroit. In the relevant time frame, the only other 40 story building is Cadillac Tower. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 13:27, 5 June 2012 (UTC)
 * David Stott Building? 7&6=thirteen (☎) 17:54, 25 July 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Yule Marble


text:
Hydrogen-terminated silicon surface

Hydrogen-terminated silicon surface is a chemically passivated silicon substrate where the surface Si atoms are bonded to hydrogen. The hydrogen-terminated surfaces are hydrophobic, luminescent, and amenable to chemical modification. Hydrogen-terminated silicon is an intermediate in the growth of bulk silicon from silane: This termination is significant in the semiconductor industry due to its role in preventing oxidation and contamination of silicon surfaces, which is crucial for various applications including microelectronics and nanotechnology.
 * SiH4 →  Si  +  2H2

Preparation
Silicon wafers are treated with solutions of electronic-grade hydrofluoric acid in water, buffered water, or alcohol. One of the relevant reactions is simply removal of silicon oxides:
 * SiO2 +  4 HF  →  SiF4  +  2 H2O

The key reaction however is the formation of the hydrosilane functional group.

atomic force microscope (AFM) has been used to manipulate hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces.

Properties
Hydrogen termination removes dangling bonds. All surface Si atoms are tetrahedral. Hydrogen termination confers stability in ambient environments. So again, the surface is both clean (of oxides) and relatively inert. These materials can be handled in air without special care for several minutes.

The Si-H bond in fact is stronger than the Si-Si bonds. Two kinds of Si-H centers are proposed, both featuring terminal Si-H bonds. One kind of site has one Si-H bond. The other kind of site features SiH2 centers.

Like organic hydrosilanes, the H-Si groups on the surface react with terminal alkenes and diazo groups. The reaction is called hydrosilylation. Many kinds of organic compounds with various functions can be introduced onto the silicon surface by the hydrosilylation of a hydrogen-terminated surface. The infrared spectrum of hydrogen-terminated silicon shows a band near 2090 cm−1, not very different from νSi-H for organic hydrosilanes.

Potential applications
One group proposed to use the material to create digital circuits made of quantum dots by removing hydrogen atoms from the silicon surface. The hydrogen-terminated silicon surface is widely used in the fabrication of semiconductor devices. It serves as a precursor for various surface functionalization techniques and is also essential in the formation of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers.

Stability & Reactivity
Despite its stability, hydrogen-terminated silicon can gradually oxidize when exposed to air, forming a thin oxide layer. This process can be monitored using techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hydrogen-terminated silicon surface


text:
User:Anonymous editor

Welcome to my user page!

About me

 * I have over 16000 edits
 * Yes, I am a wikipediaholic.

{|name="userboxes" id="userboxes" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; background-color: #FFFFFF" align=""

Male. Canadian. Interested in politics, religion, history, and philosophy.

Barnstars

 * If you wish to award me one please leave it on my talk page. Thanks.

N - I - 3RR - Sp - WP:AFD -  WP:TFD - WP:AIV - WP:RFP - list - Block - P - D

title: User:Anonymous editor


text:
Talk:Jacko

Untitled
I removed (also called Wacko Jacko) because it isn't relevant. This is a disambiguation page, and need only contain pointers to articles that might be reasonably searched for as Jacko. There's no need to include denigrating nicknames for the targets here. Tuf-Kat 14:30, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

You are merely trying to decrease my social credit with these barrages. Cease and desist. ScapegoatVandal 15:24, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Do you have a rationale for including it? Your latest change wasn't even accurate -- people call him Jacko all the time. Tuf-Kat 15:40, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think the comment called Wacko Jacko by his critics justifies the entry perfectly. Please don't start a revert war over something so trival, and widely known. -- Longhair | Talk 15:42, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your kind and understanding disposition of neutrality. ScapegoatVandal 15:51, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't do revert wars. I have no problem with the article on Michael Jackson discussing his nicknames, but this is a disambiguation page. Tuf-Kat 16:05, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have added a NPOV template, and will file a request for comment. Tuf-Kat 16:07, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd hazard a guess to say Michael Jackson doesn't like the nickname either, but you'd be a lot more useful defending his rights on the court house steps in his time of need than removing 5 harmless characters that have been used to describe the man ever since I can remember. -- Longhair | Talk 16:11, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This has nothing to do with whether or not the nickname is in use, nor do I give a shit about Jackson's legal troubles -- a disambiguation page is only supposed to give pointers to the article topics, not explain other words for the same thing. This is not about "five harmless characters", since I have no qualms about a disambiguation page here, pointing to Michael Jackson, I am disputing that Whacko Jacko is necessary here. I have removed the bit about hardly being called Jacko singularly, because that's just plain false, , , , , , , , , , . Tuf-Kat 16:19, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I see your point entirely, and realise the concept of a disambiguation page is to direct readers to the exact article they require when multiple exist sharing the same name. They're not suitable for padding with trival information.

 * In this case, Whacko Jacko has direct relevance to the term Jacko. Michael Jackson is a generic sounding name in itself. I'm sure there's 100's of Michael Jacksons out there, with some quite possibly destined for a Wikipedia article themselves one day. The term 'Jacko' is also commonly used for someone named Jackson. Further disambiguating the artist with another known nickname, Whacko Jacko, defines him squarely, and for most people, needs no explanation. -- Longhair | Talk 16:35, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I see your point too, but if there are other Michael Jacksons known as Jacko, they should be added to the list here. The fact that one of them is also known more specifically as Whacko Jacko is not important and would not help anyone find the article they're looking for -- if all they know is the name Whacko Jacko, that's what they'd search for and we should have a redirect from Whacko Jacko instead. Tuf-Kat 16:54, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Longhair, this tactical filibuster is truely about his hatred for me. He has stalked my other edits for similarly dubious reasons.  Take no heed of his ignorant words spoken arrogantly.  ScapegoatVandal 16:29, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Is he your ScapegoatVandal? (joke) :). Let's let this pan out and see how the POV discussion takes place over the next few days. I hardly care about Michael Jackson myself. I'm only here because I created the disambig page to begin with. I'm happy with both views really. If we remove the reference to Whacko Jacko now, you can bet your bottom dollar it'll reappear before too long. -- Longhair | Talk 16:39, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 *  I only wound up here because Scapegoat has been filling talk:country music with ahistorical and pseudo-racist garbage (like a Negro spiritual is Voodoo), and some casual glancing at his contributions revealed some similarly pseudo-racist edits reverted by others. I reverted this one because it's just adding a derogatory nickname (for a black musician, I feel compelled to point out) to a disambiguation page that was disambiguating just fine without it.  I could have, probably should have, but didn't revert other edits, like moving Viking colonization of the Americas to Norwegian colonization of the Americas (because the Vikings were not just from what is now Norway, and I doubt they could be logically considered Norwegian anymore than the ancient Babylonians could be considered Iraqi).  But since I'm not knowledgeable on the topic, I haven't done anything (so claims of stalking are hardly credible: four reverts on three articles). Tuf-Kat 16:54, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yup...there Toughy is with his smear campaign. I rightfully predicted his future actions in disagreement with my challenging his New Age/Great Society dogma.  He now has an axe to grind for a power and control struggle over my popularity.  He wants to see me go down, which is all that consumes his mind right now.  You can bet your ass that he will not let up until he's seen me blocked and banned.  He's got an obsessive personality and I am on his shitlist.  Negroes did in fact have Voodoo hand in hand with their spirituality.  One need only to visit New orleans or the West Indies to see that.  That Viking>Norwegian issue was about how DENMARK and SWEDEN did not commission any of the settlements in the North Atlantic Scandinavian colonies.  DENMARK and SWEDEN already have their separate articles and any "possible" scope of their involvement could rightfully be covered there.  The Norwegian descendents will proudly tell and brag of their Norwegian heritage, but this Toughy here likes thieving people of their rightful descent as if it were this or that.  He likes pretending that we're all the same and no differences qualify for notice.  He thinks that White Blues are Black Blues and that Whites didn't live in slavery and hard working life with no release and no uplifting spiritual music either.  He is a liberal/leftist crackpot and I will not let him keep me and my kind down for the count.  No matter how hard he tries, I will not submit to his arrogant bigotry.  He's trying to invent some sort of race issue out of Jackson, whilst I edited the article due to the news reports on ol' Wacko!  The nerve of this rotten fool to keep on interfering like a sore loser with nowhere to go, certainly doesn't rate up to a decent editor in my book.  He wants blood for thought.  ScapegoatVandal 17:13, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The "Wacko" reference isn't necessary. Now get a life! :) — Phil Welch 16:46, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You actually think this will go away? ScapegoatVandal 17:13, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I've never heard the "Wacko Jacko" reference myself. For this name to be here, please refer to a newspaper article or other media source with this wording. Samboy 23:44, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, it gets 130,000 google hits (including The Guardian and FoxNews) -- I know it's in use, but that's an argument for a redirect from wacko jacko, which is a separate issue. This dab page already explains that his nickname is "jacko"; the fact that it is often preceded by "wacko" is only relevant to the main article (if that), where it can be presented in context and with the appropriate documentation. Tuf-Kat 01:34, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

(also called Wacko Jacko) really doesn't belong on a disambig page. Save it for the article! Dan100 17:30, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * The name exists, ergo this is perfectly reasonable. I've heard it a number of times. Personal opinions should not reflect in wikipedia content. --Tothebarricades 20:09, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * The fact that the name exists is an argument for a redirect from wacko jacko. The dab page Jacko already contains a pointer to Michael Jackson, which functions perfectly well without introducing a derogatory nickname that isn't cited or explained. Tuf-Kat 04:16, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * There are duplications everywhere on the Wiki. It doesn't make it cluttered, but helpful.  You can keep a fascination about Michael to yourself.  Listen to the guy above you.  By the way, we don't need a redirect.  This should be enough.  Talk about wasting space.  ScapegoatVandal 06:12, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Nobody has said anything about duplications, clutter or wasting space. Please respond to the arguments presented. Tuf-Kat 07:44, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * I have my own argument in addition to those, whether you find it valid or not. ScapegoatVandal 07:53, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Is your argument a secret? Am I supposed to trust that your argument is valid?  I'd like to know what it is.  You've made eight supposedly minor edits to this talk page  without providing an argument, valid or otherwise . Tuf-Kat 07:56, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * You can ignore twicefold the arguments just made by me, when you told me to 'Please respond to the arguments presented' and tell me this now. You have no respect as I have told others at the start of this debate.  I say again that you have no point and that you have been here originally to attack me by eradicating another edit after inconclusivities from the Country music blunder.  Pretend it isn't a crutch for you to move on.  ScapegoatVandal 08:03, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Your argument is There are duplications everywhere on the Wiki? So your argument is that, because some information is repeated in multiple articles in the Wikipedia, this disambiguation page should give details on a disparaging variant of one individual's nickname?  In what way is this helpful?  There is an entire article on Michael Jackson where you can write about his nicknames to your heart's content. Noting that duplication occurs is not an argument, nor is it a response to my arguments. Tuf-Kat 08:26, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * You have a funny way of being serious about this. It's just a smear campaign.  I am done arguing with you.  You know my positions.  Have a nice day sir.  ScapegoatVandal 08:49, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I think Tuf-Kat is right when he suggests creating a redirect at wacko jacko, which could be a search term, but this phrase just doesn't belong on this page. Dan100 (Talk) 20:19, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

The current verbiage describing him as "the former Jackson 5 member and solo superstar" is entirely adequate, and written from a NPOV. If it ain't broke, any attempt to "fix" it is probably inappropriate. Tverbeek 23:05, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jacko


text:
User talk:Uberwoo

Hi, please stop writing nonsense articles. Surely you can use your time more wisely. All the best,  14:31, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk 14:43, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

Congrats! You just earned yourself a block. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk 14:45, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Uberwoo


text:
Selex ES

Selex ES was a subsidiary of Finmeccanica, active in the electronics and information technology business, based in Italy and the UK, and formed in January 2013, following Finmeccanica's decision to combine its existing SELEX Elsag and SELEX Sistemi Integrati businesses into SELEX Galileo, the immediate predecessor of Selex ES. From 1 January 2016, the activities of Selex ES merged into Leonardo-Finmeccanica's Electronics, Defence and Security Systems Sector becoming Leonardo S.p.A.

Selex ES's activities had been organised in three Divisions within the sector: Airborne & Space Systems, Land and Naval Defence Electronics and Security and Information Systems.

Predecessor companies
In July 2003 Finmeccanica and BAE Systems signed a joint venture agreement with the intention of merging their avionics, C4ISR and communications businesses to create three joint venture partnerships under the name Eurosystems. The difficulties of integrating the companies in this way however led to a re-evaluation of the proposal. BAE's 2004 Annual Report states that "recognising the complexity of the earlier proposed ... transaction with Finmeccanica we have moved to a simpler model."

This revised agreement was signed on 27 January 2005. Finmeccanica and BAE announced the intention to dissolve their partnership in the Alenia Marconi Systems (AMS) joint venture with AMS' UK and Italian operations to be taken over by the respective partners.

On 3 May 2005 the Eurosystems Transaction was finalised with
 * the whole of the avionics business of Finmeccanica and the majority of BAE Systems Avionics being brought together to form the new SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems (SELEX S&AS) joint venture held by shares of 75% and 25% respectively, with the option for Finmeccanica to later purchase the remaining 25%.
 * the UK operation of AMS (minus air traffic control and communication systems) being brought together with the C4ISR division of BAE Systems (minus communication systems) to form the new Integrated System Technologies division of BAE Systems, named BAE Systems Insyte.
 * the Italian operations of AMS being brought together with several other AMS companies to form SELEX Sistemi Integrati.
 * the communications systems portions of AMS and BAE Systems being sold to Selenia Communications, a division of Finmeccanica. Selenia was subsequently renamed SELEX Communications.

BAE Systems sold its 25% share of SELEX S&AS to Finmeccanica for €400 million in March 2007.

From January 2008, SELEX S&AS Limited and its Italian counterpart Galileo Avionica S.p.A. began to operate under a common brand name, SELEX Galileo. In January 2010, the operating companies’ legal names were aligned to the brand, becoming SELEX Galileo Ltd and SELEX Galileo S.p.A. respectively. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems (US) Inc. became SELEX Galileo Inc.

In 2009 SELEX Sistemi Integrati purchased Vega Group PLC, forming in the UK SELEX Systems Integration Ltd and Vega Consulting Services Ltd.

In 2011 SELEX Communications merged with Elsag Datamat to establish SELEX Elsag.

Merger of SELEX companies
On 1 January 2013, SELEX Galileo became Selex ES when it merged with its sister companies SELEX Sistemi Integrati and SELEX Elsag. The combined business had a global workforce of approximately 17,000, and total revenues in excess of €3.5 billion. Alongside its core domestic operations in Italy and the UK, the company has an established industrial and commercial footprint in the United States, Germany, Turkey, Romania, Brazil, Saudi Arabia and India.

Recent news
In 2012 it was reported a previous Selex company had provided TETRA trunked radio network hardware to the Assad regime, and amid sanctions continued to expand the company's contract with the regime during the context of the Syrian Civil War.

In August 2013, Selex ES provided an unarmed surveillance drone to the United Nations to be deployed in the Democratic Republic of Congo to monitor movements of armed groups in the region and to protect the civilian population more effectively.

In 2015, they secured a cybersecurity contract with NATO.

In 2016, it secured a contract with Angola that will see equipment, replacement components and any associated services be provided to the nation's upcoming centers for maritime surveillance.

Organisation
Till 31 December 2015, the company was focused into three international divisions:
 * The Air and Space Systems division included all airborne capabilities, technologies and products ranging from UAS and integrated mission systems to radar, electronic warfare equipment, avionics, simulation systems, target drones and space sensors, payloads and equipment.
 * The Land and Naval Systems division comprised capabilities in the land and naval domains from the design of complex system architectures to tactical integrated systems, naval combat management systems, land and naval radar and situational awareness sensors and military communications infrastructures.
 * The Security and Information Systems division covered network infrastructure and systems architecture capabilities for homeland protection and the complex urban environment as well as air and vessel traffic management.

Related products

 * ATOS
 * AULOS passive radar
 * BriteCloud (Gripen)
 * EMPAR
 * Euroradar CAPTOR (Eurofighter)
 * Falco UAV
 * HIDAS (AgustaWestland Apache)
 * Main Operating Centre (Expo 2015)
 * Mirach 26
 * Mirach 150
 * Miysis DIRCM
 * NA-25X fire-control system
 * Personal Role Radio
 * Picosar AESA radar
 * Pirate IRST (Eurofighter)
 * Raven ES-05 AESA radar (Gripen)
 * SkyISTAR (P.1HH HammerHead Unmanned Aerial System)
 * Skyward-G  IRST (Gripen)
 * SLX Hawk Infrared Camera (HotSpot)
 * Selex RAN-40L
 * Selex RAT-31DL

Locations and activities
At 31 December 2015, the Company employed 17,000 personnel with operations in the United Kingdom, Italy and throughout the world.

UK sites include:
 * Basildon (UK Head Office) - Electro-Optics & Battlespace, Land Systems, Homeland Security and Future Systems Group.
 * Bristol – Training and Simulation, Cyber security and Communication Systems, Professional Services and Service Management in the areas of Cyber Security and Information Assurance.
 * Edinburgh - Airborne Radar, Laser Systems, Electro-Optics, Advanced Projects and APS sectors. The site also hosts the Micro Electronics Group and Laser Centre of Excellence.
 * Luton (CG) - An Electronic Warfare Centre of Excellence with specific expertise in Airborne Integrated Defence Aids Systems, ISTAR – Intelligence, Surveillance, Targeting, Acquisition & Reconnaissance and Fixed Wing & Operational Support.
 * Portsmouth - Precision Casting Centre (PCC)
 * Southampton - Infrared detectors, Network Communications Systems and Naval Communications.
 * ParcAberporth - UAV flight trials facility
 * Lincoln - A purpose-built Electronic Warfare Operational Support (EWOS) Centre and Training Academy providing the expertise and facilities to develop EW Sovereign Capability.

Italian sites include:
 * Rome - Legal and Corporate Affairs, Marketing and Commercial and External Relations
 * Nerviano - Avionics, Radar and Space technology
 * Caselle - Avionics, Mission & Surveillance Systems and Safety Critical Systems
 * Ronchi dei Legionari - UAVs and Flight Training Simulators
 * Florence - Electro-Optic systems, equipment & sensors and NAVAL IRST; Future Soldier's equipment; Surface, Airborne & Space, Ship Radars (LPI & PAR); Space Equipment & Sensors, Radar Systems and Sonics.
 * Pomezia - Airborne Electro-Optical Systems and Cockpit Information Systems
 * Carsoli (L’Aquila) - Optical Coatings
 * Palermo - Microwave Components and Solid State Sub-systems.

International presence & subsidiaries

 * Larimart – Italy
 * Selex Service Management – Italy
 * Sirio Panel – Italy
 * Sistemi Software Integrati – Italy
 * Selex ES Marine – UK
 * Selex ES Yacht Technologies – UK
 * Selex ES Australia
 * Selex ES Do Brazil
 * Tactical Technologies Inc - Canada
 * SELEX ES GmbH – Germany
 * Vega Deutschland GmbH – Germany
 * Selex ES India
 * ELETTRA Communications - Romania
 * Selex Galileo - Saudi Arabia
 * Selex ES Elektronik - Turkey
 * SELEX ES Inc – USA
 * SELEX GALILEO Inc – USA
 * Lasertel - USA
 * Sirio Panel - USA

Corporate social responsibility
The company had a policy of sustainability and social responsibility and was involved in local charitable, educational and environmental initiatives across its global footprint.

The company's IGNITE in India programme is part of the wider International Graduate Network Integrated Through Experience. The programme allows graduates to develop entrepreneurial skills and transfer good business practice in developing countries. The programme's emphasis is on socially sustainable initiatives.

Selex ES ‘A. Tiezzi’ Museum of Science - Situated close to company's Campi Bisenzio site near Florence: the museum now managed by Finmeccanica, takes visitors on a journey through the story of Italian radar, to the latest electronic devices. It features space technology, avionics equipment, meters and didactic instruments all of which demonstrate the value of over 100 years of continuous research dedicated to science and technology.

The company had also opened the Museo del Radar in recognition of the part radar manufacturing enterprises has played our industrial age. The Radar Museum, now managed by Finmeccanica, the first created by a company in Europe, is founded on the principles of reclaiming, reorganising and keeping alive the history of radar manufacturing, which began in Italy over 60 years ago at the company's Fusaro site (Naples).

In the UK Selex ES sponsored the Combined Services Disabled Ski Team (CSDST), which enables members to pursue the sport and help rehabilitate those who have suffered a serious injury. It is hoped that some CSDST members may represent Great Britain in the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. To date, the company has raised over £80,000 for CSDST through several fundraising activities.

title: Selex ES


text:
Talk:Ituzaingó, Buenos Aires

This is simply the first article I wrote. I'm writing this to state the fact.horzer

The thing is that some teachers in schools in Ituzaingo's downtown (the "estacion", for the rail station) are university professors and others have university education, something uncommon in the Gran Buenos Aires belt (out of the North area, where all the rich neighbourhoods are located). Ituzaingo is in the heart of the West area, and is composed of a mix of middle-low, middle, and middle-high class that make it somewhat distinctive from other cities.--horzer 05:22, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

The "tree" for "plant" in Ituzaingó was very poetic (some trees are in fact higher than houses there), but i was refering to the height of houses (one plant, two plants = one floor, two floors).--horzer 06:10, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ituzaingó, Buenos Aires


text:
Rhinoceros (disambiguation)

A rhinoceros is any of five species of ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae.

Rhinoceros may also refer to:

Music

 * Rhinoceros (band), a 1960s American rock band
 * Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros album) (1968)
 * Rhinoceros (Porno Graffitti album)
 * "Rhinoceros" (song), a song by the Smashing Pumpkins
 * "Rhinoceros", a song by Block

Politics

 * Rhinoceros Party, a current satirical Canadian political party
 * Rhinoceros Party of Canada (1963–93), a former satirical Canadian political party

Theatre

 * Rhinoceros (play), a 1959 play by Eugène Ionesco
 * Rhinoceros (Orson Welles production), a 1960 staging in London
 * Theatre Rhinoceros, a theatre group

Visual arts

 * Rhinocéros (Jacquemart), a sculpture
 * Dürer's Rhinoceros, a woodcut image

Other

 * Rhinoceros (film), a motion picture adaptation of the play
 * Rhinoceros (genus)
 * Rhinoceros 3D, computer modeling software
 * Rhinoceros Sutra, an early Buddhist sutra
 * Rhinoceros, a locomotive used in Bausman Mine

title: Rhinoceros (disambiguation)


text:
Loch Ard

Loch Ard (Scottish Gaelic: Loch na h-Àirde) is a loch, located in Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park, Stirling council area, Scotland.

Overview
The name of the loch comes from àird, the Scottish Gaelic word for a promontory, headland, height, ultimately from àrd meaning high. The loch is approximately 4 by in size and runs east-west along a sheltered glen. It is sometimes considered to be the source of the River Forth, although the river's true source is the confluence of its outflow, the Avondhu River, and Duchray Water. Loch Ard lies downstream of Loch Chon. The loch contains several small islands including Eilean Gorm, Briedach, St. Mallo, which is rumoured to have an old chapel dedicated to that saint, and Dundochill, which is the site of Duke Murdoch's castle that may have been built by the Duke of Albany. Though one of Scotland's smaller lochs, it is one of the most picturesque and its sheltered location means it is ideal for kayaking and other water sports.

R. B. Cunninghame Graham wrote:"Ben Lomond... seems to watch over the whole district and to dominate it. No sound is heard, except the babbling of the mountain streams as they slip down over the smooth stones, or the sharp belling of a roe in the thick alder copsewood that surrounds Loch Ard. The little wavelets break upon the pebbly beaches, or plash gently on the rocks of the steep islet on which Duke Murdoch's ruined castle stands. In Couligarten Bay the bulrushes bend gently as the homing wild ducks quatter down noiselessly amongst their stems, vanishing as silently as a seal slips into the sea."

Location
The Queen Elizabeth Forest Park encompasses Loch Ard and the surrounding forest. The waters of Loch Ard are home to both a sailing and rowing club. The villages of Kinlochard, and Milton lie on its shores. The village of Aberfoyle lies 2 miles (3 km) to its east, with the summit of Craigmore behind it, while the mountain of Ben Lomond sits to its west. The northern shores of Loch Ard are dominated by the mountain ridge of the 616 m tall Beinn an Fhogharaidh.

Activities
Loch Ard is surrounded by 16 miles (26 km) of family-friendly mountain bike, walking, and horseback trails. These trails, some with waymarkers, link into a much larger network of forest fire roads, which can take the rider on >30 km circular routes through the park. The Loch Ard Family Sculpture Trails provide an interactive outdoor experience, with sculptures placed along the trails, interesting seating, and sound posts, among other features.

Loch Ard is also home to many different species of wildlife, such as roe deer, barn owls, capercaillie, and various types of plants and insects. The loch also has a large stock of brown trout, pike, and perch.

Loch Ard, a three-masted, square-rigged clipper ship bore its name. The ship sank off the coast of Australia at what has been known since as Loch Ard Gorge.

title: Loch Ard


text:
Talk:Raised Fist

I added this article to give a small overview of the band..

Untitled
People are welcome to correct links or insert pictures

Matte Modin and the Hardcore-platoon
I'm not quite sure if Matte Modin is a _former_ member of Dark Funeral. The added string: "Swedens longest existing hardcore-platoon." is taken from a blog entry from the bands myspace site. Again I'm not sure the info is valid can someone confirm this?
 * I removed the "longest existing" thing, it's just not correct. Depending on how you define hardcore there's been bands from the early eighties, but Refused should at least be a counter example everyone could agree about. Meaningful Username 13:46, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

not that hardcore anymore
Since the band is leaning more and more against the nu-metal area, the article needs just not to state that but speak of the different eras of the band.

Hiatus
The article should have some info about their hiatus for a couple of years. Also a more encyclopedic tone would be nice. Meaningful Username 13:49, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

woot
nu-metal??? please get out of the wikipedia world. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.113.120.25 (talk) 23:25, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Raised Fist


text:
Mock the Week

Mock the Week is a topical satirical celebrity panel show, created by Dan Patterson and Mark Leveson. It was produced by Angst Productions for BBC Two, and was broadcast from 5 June 2005 to 4 November 2022. Presented by Dara Ó Briain, he and Hugh Dennis appeared in every episode, with a variety of other stand-up comedians being regular or guest panellists during the show's history.

The format of the programme saw six comedians divided into two teams and performing on a faux game show, in which the quiz aspect of answering questions relating to major and regional news items, all taken from the week before each episode's filming, is sidelined to focus on satirical, topical discussions on news items, stand-up routines, and the use of improvisational comedy. Every series also included a compilation episode featuring notable scenes, out-takes and additional footage cut out after filming, with repeats of episodes being frequently shown on the channel Dave, with high viewing figures.

Format
Mock the Week focused on six panellists, all comedians, split into two teams, in which they compete over four rounds, presided over by host Dara Ó Briain. Although the programme maintained a quiz aspect to the format, which featured questions on news items taken from those made during the week before an episode's filming, it was largely sidelined completely with a focus on comedy derived from topical, satirical discussions on the subject of each question, as well as from rounds featuring either stand-up routines by certain panellists, or improvisation comedy. Unlike Have I Got News for You, a similar topical, satirical programme that maintains a similar format but without the stand-up routines and improvisational comedy, Mock the Week's format did not use team captains or maintain a proper scoring system – teams generally win a round depending on who Dara, the host, deemed won it, including the episode.

Each episode was edited to feature about four rounds from those filmed and edited by production staff, to fit a 30-minute timeslot. Some content not used was often retained for use in a compilation episode, which also included outtakes and highlights from the series. Although the first two series featured a multitude of different rounds for use, most of these were later abolished, leaving the programme to primarily use the following rounds in each episode:
 * Picture of the Week: An image round in which panellists are shown a photograph from a news item and must identify the related story from it. The round usually focuses on panellists giving comedic answers that are deliberately wrong or mock the subject(s) of the image. The in-joke is Hugh Dennis finally saying the obvious answer, such as "That is Boris Johnson". The round generally does not conclude then, as both the host and panellists will usually enter topical, satirical discussion on the news item, including any additional questions given by the host.
 * Wheel of News: A stand-up challenge in which a handful of panellists must perform a stand-up routine, with each basing it on a subject determined by a "Random Topic Generator" (e.g. Education). The host often introduces the round with a title that is a comical reference to a recent event. The round initially featured most of the panellists appearing in the episode, but was gradually reduced to two panellists to provide more time for their routines.
 * If This is the Answer, What is the Question?: A round in which panellists are given the answer to a question on a topic and attempt to reveal what the question is, related to a current news story. The round usually involves panellists giving comedic questions that the answer could be connected to, and continues until the host prompts one member to give the correct question. The round generally does not conclude when this happens, as both the host and panellists will usually enter topical, satirical discussion on the news item, including any additional questions given by the host.
 * Scenes We'd Like to See: An improvisation round, operating similar to "Scenes from a Hat" from Whose Line Is It Anyway?, in which panellists are given two topics and must provide comedic suggestions and ideas for each one, with the host buzzing each panellist after they give an idea in order to let another come forward with their suggestion. An example of a topic for comedic suggestions could be "Commercials That Never Made it to Air".

On occasion the programme includes an additional round, which has mainly been shown during a compilation or special episode of the programme:
 * "Newsreel": An improvisation round, similar to the game of "Film Dub" from Whose Line Is It Anyway?, in which a panellist – primarily Hugh Dennis – is shown a piece of news footage with no sound, and must provide either a comedic commentary track, or vocal track of the people involved.
 * "Between the lines": An improvisation round involving two panellists. One performs as a notable figure (e.g. a politician) conducting a press conference, while another acts as a "translator", comically stating what they "really" mean to say. For example, panellist A might be performing as the Prime Minister and say "We are making certain that schools are well provided with school meals", to which panellist B (always Hugh) might comically translate it as "We made a deal for cheap soup and biscuits from the Russians".

Panellists
The panellists were primarily comedians, including stand-up comedians, many of whom made multiple appearances. Hugh Dennis appeared in all episodes since the show's premiere in 2005, except for a special episode broadcast as part of David Walliams' 24 Hour Panel People. Alongside Dennis and Ó Briain, others appeared as regular panellists, including Rory Bremner (Series 1 and 2), Frankie Boyle (Series 1 to 7),  Andy Parsons (Series 3 to 14), Russell Howard (Series 4 to 9), Chris Addison (Series 10 to 12) and Angela Barnes (Series 21).

Controversy and criticism
On several occasions, Mock the Week has been the source of complaints, due to some risqué comments made by the panellists and the show's extreme use of profanity (particularly during Frankie Boyle's tenure). In the first episode of Series 4, during a segment called "What The Queen Didn't Say in Her Christmas Message", Boyle made the comment: "I am now so old that my pussy is haunted." This led to the BBC's director general Mark Thompson being challenged about the comments on Newsnight. Boyle later quipped "That was three years ago. If it wasn't haunted then it certainly is now." In 2008, a larger controversy arose following another comment made by Boyle regarding swimmer Rebecca Adlington. Boyle stated that "she looks like someone who's looking at themselves in the back of a spoon". The BBC ruled that the jokes were indeed "humiliating" and "risked offending the audience", while also calling Boyle "a brilliant member of the team". Despite this, Adlington's agent said that simply admitting mistakes was not enough, saying: "By giving Frankie Boyle a rebuke they fail to discourage others from doing the same."

After leaving the show, Boyle criticised both the show's production team and the BBC Trust. He claims that the show did not cover enough major news stories and was too restrictive on his risqué comedy act, as the producers and the BBC Trust were afraid of "frightening the horses".

The lack of female guests on the programme has been the subject of complaints in the letters page of the Radio Times. Jo Brand, while criticising the male-dominated genre of comedy panel shows, said in 2009, "I don't do Mock the Week anymore and neither do some male stand-ups I know who have tried it once. We just don't like the prospect of having to bite someone's foot off before they let us say something."

In 2013, former panelist Rory Bremner stated his reasons for leaving the show, saying: "I felt that there was a new and highly competitive and quite aggressive tendency there and felt uncomfortable. But I've since found out that very few people have felt comfortable doing Mock the Week." He also criticised the way comedians like Linda Smith were treated by new comedians, who "are like prize fighters".

DVDs
On 26 November 2007, the show's first DVD - Mock the Week: Too Hot for TV was released by Spirit Entertainment. It contains a DVD-exclusive compilation feature containing unseen footage, in addition to three extended episodes from series five, containing scenes that were considered too rude for broadcast. The three extended episodes are entitled, 'Putin, Henman & Konnie Huq', 'Nuts, Pies and Nim Nim Nim' and 'Money, Sex and The Lib Dems'.

On 9 November 2009, Mock the Week: Too Hot for TV 2 was released once again by Sprit Entertainment. Again, the DVD contains the main 'Too Hot For TV' feature with a compilation of unseen footage, plus three extended episodes from the series archives titled, 'The Anal Lube Show', 'The Leg Show' and 'The Hedgehog Show'. The extended episodes have a total of more than 40 minutes of unseen material. Audio CD versions of both DVDs are available.

On 8 November 2010, Mock the Week: Too Hot for TV 3 was released, once more by Spirit. Like the previous two, this DVD features an hour-long smut reel and three extended episodes titled 'The Elves and Testicles Show', 'The Prisons and Other Dodgy Stuff Show', and 'The Johnny Blowjob and Bird Flu Show'.

Books
Boxtree published seven original tie-in books between 2008 and 2014, plus one which compiled the best of the first two books.

Mock the Week: Scenes We'd Like to See (August 2008)

Mock the Week: This Year's Book (September 2009)

Mock the Week: 1001 Jokes (January 2010, collected the best of the first two books, later published in paperback as Mock the Week: 1001 Scenes We'd Like to See)

Mock the Week: Next Year's Book (September 2010)

Mock the Week's Funniest Book of All Time (2011)

''Mock the Week's Only Book You'll Ever Need (2012)

Mock the Week's Ultimate Panic-Buy! (2013)

Mock the Week's Brand Spanking New Scenes We'd Like to See (2014).

International version
A US version is set to premiere on Amazon Freevee with Trevor Noah and Patterson as executive producers.

title: Mock the Week


text:
Boris Mikšić

Boris Mikšić (born 11 October 1948 in Zagreb) is a Croatian businessman and politician.

Mikšić was born in Zagreb, then part of SFR Yugoslavia. He graduated from the University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in 1973. He then emigrated to the United States of America, settling in Minnesota where he gradually began his business, Cortec Corporation. Over the years he became one of the wealthiest Croatian Americans. He first ventured into the Croatian politics as an independent candidate in the 2003 parliamentary elections.

In 2005, he ran as an independent candidate in the Croatian presidential election. His campaign was partially based on his autobiography Američki san dečka s Trešnjevke (American dream of a kid from Trešnjevka) that he had published in 1994 - creating image of a simple Zagreb youth, who fulfilled the American Dream. It was also based on his opposition to the ICTY and Eurosceptic views. His success story along with his self-funded American-style campaign brought a new perspective to many voters.

On 2 January, to the surprise of many, first election projections showed him as winning 2nd place, knocking the government's candidate Jadranka Kosor out of the race. Immediately, many commentators began to interpret his success as a protest vote against the Croatian political establishment, engulfed in corruption and being notoriously inefficient. As if Mikšić, already wealthy has been seen by voters as more decent and less corruptible candidate.

Few hours later, new projections, based on the votes cast by Croatian citizens in neighboring Bosnia and Herzegovina, brought Jadranka Kosor to the 2nd place. Mikšić was surprised as was the most of Croatian public. At first he refused to accept results and blamed the failure on alleged vote fraud, and "dead people voting". He called supporters to demonstrate on streets over the alleged fraud, inspired by the, at the time current, Orange Revolution in Ukraine. He later called off planned demonstrations, citing his respect for the law and wanting to prevent incident and possible casualties brought on by the protest.

Following the presidential elections, Mikšić continued to challenge the results, bringing allegations of voter fraud. He requested vote recounts from Croatia's Constitutional Court stating that many deceased people were not only registered to vote but also cast votes in the election; a problem that the Croatian government has faced multiple times. He continued to pursue Croatian politics, announcing his candidacy in local elections, including those for Zagreb City Assembly. Mikšić's campaigning appeared to have effect within the 2005 local elections. His slate did enter the Zagreb City Assembly, but with only three seats, which was fewer than he expected.

Mikšić entered into the Croatian presidential election, 2009–2010, but was eliminated in the first round with 2.1% of the vote.

title: Boris Mikšić


text: Category:Rugby league governing bodies

title: Category:Rugby league governing bodies


text: Talk:Off-topic

title: Talk:Off-topic


text:
Education in Papua New Guinea

Education in Papua New Guinea is managed through nineteen provinces and two district organisational units. It is tuition-free and attendance is not compulsory.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI) finds that Papua New Guinea is fulfilling 68.5% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to education based on the country's level of income. HRMI breaks down the right to education by looking at the rights to both primary education and secondary education. While taking into consideration Papua New Guinea's income level, the nation is achieving 96.5% of what should be possible based on its resources (income) for primary education and only 40.6% for secondary education.

History
The first school in Papua New Guinea was established in 1873 by English missionaries. Missionaries would continue providing the basis for education, with English and German as primary languages. In 1914, as part of World War I, Australia took control over German New Guinea and English became the sole official language. The Currie Commission was created in 1964 to investigate the establishment of higher education in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. In 1965 the first university in Papua New Guinea, the University of Papua New Guinea, was established. It was heavily influenced by the Australian education system.

In 1995, the government of Papua New Guinea implemented a bilingual education program that uses both community languages and English.

Education in Papua New Guinea has been tuition-free since 2012, as one of the election promises of the People's National Congress. This policy was cancelled in 2019 under Prime Minister Peter O'Neill's government, however, PM James Marape announced in 2021 that his government would re-institute the policy starting in 2022.

Provision
Papua New Guinea's history of missionary education has led to a large part of education being provided by religious schools. The Department of Education has estimated that 29% of the country's lower secondary education is operated by churches. 3% is operated by private international schools, while the remainder is funded by the government.

Educational stages
Papua New Guinea has an A-to-D grading system, with D being a failing grade.

During the first three years of formal education, community languages are taught as a subject and used for instruction. In grades seven and eight, instruction is conducted solely in English, although community languages may still be used informally. By the early 2000s, more than 400 languages were being used in Papua New Guinea’s educational system.

Universities
There are six universities in Papua New Guinea. These are accredited under the PNG Office of Higher Education and have establishing Acts of Parliament. The six universities and the main campus of each are, in alphabetical order:
 * Divine Word University in Madang
 * Pacific Adventist University in Port Moresby
 * University of Goroka in Goroka
 * University of Natural Resources and Environment in Vudal with associated campuses in Popondetta, Kavieng and Sepik
 * University of Papua New Guinea in Port Moresby
 * University of Technology (Unitech) in Lae

Language education
In 2015, Papua New Guinean Sign Language became an official language in PNG. Based on Auslan, it is used in deaf education.

title: Education in Papua New Guinea