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West Jerusalem

West Jerusalem or Western Jerusalem (מַעֲרַב יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, Ma'aráv Yerushaláyim; القدس الغربية, al-Quds al-Ġarbiyyah) refers to the section of Jerusalem that was controlled by Israel at the end of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. As the city was divided by the Green Line (Israel's erstwhile de facto border, established by the 1949 Armistice Agreements), West Jerusalem was formally delineated as the counterpart to East Jerusalem, which was controlled by Jordan. Though Israel has controlled the entirety of Jerusalem since the 1967 Arab–Israeli War, the boundaries of West Jerusalem and East Jerusalem remain internationally recognized as de jure due to their significance to the process of determining the status of Jerusalem, which has been among the primary points of contention in the Arab–Israeli conflict and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. With certain exceptions, undivided Jerusalem is not internationally recognized as the sovereign territory of either Israel or the State of Palestine. However, recognition of Israeli sovereignty over only West Jerusalem is more widely accepted as a plausible diplomatic position, as the United Nations regards East Jerusalem as part of the Israeli-occupied West Bank.

Pre 1948: the Jewish Colony
The earliest Jewish settlements outside the city walls were Mea Shearim and Yemin Moshe.

In 1918 William McLean laid out the first civic plan for expansion of Jerusalem westwards and southwards.

By the 1920s the Hebrew speaking Jewish community had formed a "Jewish Colony" around the area later known as the Downtown Triangle of Jaffa Road, Ben Yehuda Street and King George Street.

1948 Arab–Israeli War
Prior to the 1948 Palestine war, the area of West Jerusalem included one of the wealthiest Arab communities, numbering some 28,000 people, in the region. By the end of hostilities, only approximately 750 non-Jews remained in the area's Arab sector, mostly Greeks in the Greek colony neighborhood. Following the war, Jerusalem was divided into two parts: the western portion, from which it is estimated 30,000 Arabs had fled or been evicted, came under Israeli rule, while East Jerusalem came under Jordanian rule and was populated mainly by Palestinian Muslims and Christians. The Jordanians expelled a Jewish community of some 1,500 from the Old City. Moshe Salomon, a commander with the Etzioni Brigade’s Moriah Battalion, described the massive looting that took place in the Arab middle-class quarter of Qatamon: "“Everyone was swept up, privates and officers alike …. The greed for property encompassed everyone. Every home was scoured and searched, and people found in some cases produce, in others valuable objects. This rapaciousness attacked me as well and I could almost not hold myself back …. It’s hard to imagine the great riches that were found in all the homes …. I got control of myself in time and shackled my desire …. The battalion commander, his deputy, they all failed in this regard.”"

After this widespread looting, Israeli institutions managed to gather in around 30,000 books, mostly in Arabic, dealing with Islamic law, Qur’anic exegesis and translations of European literature, together with thousands of works from the holdings of churches and schools. Many were taken from the homes of Palestinian writers and scholars in Qatamon, Bak'a and Musrara.

Division in 1949
The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine planned a "corpus separatum" for Jerusalem and its environs as an international city. In December 1949, it was officially decided to transfer the institutions of the Government of Israel to Jerusalem.

Arabs living in such western Jerusalem neighbourhoods as Katamon or Malha were forced to leave; the same fate befell Jews in the eastern areas, including the Old City of Jerusalem and Silwan. Almost 33% of the land in West Jerusalem in the pre-mandate period had been owned by Palestinians, a fact which made it hard for the evicted Palestinians to accept Israeli control in the West. The Knesset (Israeli Parliament) passed laws to transfer this Arab land to Israeli Jewish organizations.

The only eastern area of the city that remained in Israeli hands throughout the 19 years of Jordanian rule was Mount Scopus, where the Hebrew University of Jerusalem is located, which formed an enclave during that period and therefore is not considered part of East Jerusalem.

Capital of Israel (1950)
Israel established West Jerusalem as its capital in 1950. The Israeli government needed to invest heavily to create employment, building new government offices, a new university, the Great Synagogue and the Knesset building. West Jerusalem became covered by the Law and Administrative Ordinance of 1948, subjecting West Jerusalem to Israeli jurisdiction. United States President Donald Trump's administration announced recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital on 6 December 2017. On 6 April 2017, Russia officially recognized West Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. On 6 December 2017, the Czech Republic recognized Jerusalem as the capital. On 15 December 2018, Australia officially recognized West Jerusalem as Israel's capital, before withdrawing it again on 17 October 2022.

Capture of East Jerusalem (1967)
During the Six-Day War in June 1967, Israel captured the eastern side of the city and the whole West Bank. Over the following years, their control remained tenuous, the international community refusing to recognise their authority and the Israelis themselves not feeling secure.

In 1980, the Israeli government annexed East Jerusalem and reunified the city, but the international community disputed this. The population of Jerusalem has largely remained segregated along the city's historical east–west division. The larger city contains two populations that are "almost completely economically and politically segregated... each interacting with its separate central business district", supporting analysis that the city has retained a duocentric, as opposed to the traditional monocentric, structure.

Commercial hubs
Major commercial centres of Jewish West Jerusalem include: the Downtown Triangle, Mamilla Mall and Emek Refaim.

Healthcare
One of two Hadassah hospitals in Jerusalem is located in the West Jerusalem suburb of Ein Karem. The hospital synagogue contains the famous Chagall Windows by Marc Chagall.

Leisure facilities
These include Teddy Stadium and Cinema City.

Religious centres
These include the Jerusalem Great Synagogue and the Heichal Shlomo.

Mayors of West Jerusalem

 * Dov Yosef (military governor) (1948–1949)
 * Daniel Auster (1949–1950)
 * Zalman Shragai (1951–1952)
 * Yitzhak Kariv (1952–1955)
 * Gershon Agron (1955–1959)
 * Mordechai Ish-Shalom (1959–1965)
 * Teddy Kollek (1965–1993)
 * Ehud Olmert (1993–2003)
 * Uri Lupolianski (2003–2008)
 * Nir Barkat (2008–2018)
 * Moshe Lion (2018–present)

title: West Jerusalem


text: User talk:86.130.218.145

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:86.130.218.145


text:
User:Jimspeiser

Jim Speiser is an entertainer and producer in Scottsdale, Arizona.

title: User:Jimspeiser


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Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna Day

Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna Day (commonly known as Ratu Sukuna Day) was a national public holiday in Fiji until the year 2010, when the Prime Minister, Commodore Voreqe Bainimarama, declared both Ratu Sir Lala Sakuna Day and National Youth Day to no longer be public holidays. It was originally celebrated annually on the last Monday of May, in honour of Lala Sukuna (1888-1958), the national father of modern Fiji, whose death anniversary falls on 30 May. The week leading up to Ratu Sukuna Day is marked by public celebrations with speeches and events, with an address from the President of Fiji on the closing day. Members of the public enter Parliament grounds to polish Sukuna's statue.

Ratu Sukuna Day in 2000 was marred by the insurrection instigated by George Speight on 19 May 2000, which led to the dismissal of the elected government on 27 May. On Ratu Sukuna Day, Fijian citizens woke up to hear of the military takeover the night before, in the wake of the resignation, possibly forced, of the President, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara.

2005 festivities
Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna Day in 2005 was celebrated in 19 centers around Fiji, including on the island of Rotuma. 24 May saw the beginning of a week of celebrations that culminated on 30 May with an event at Suva's Albert Park, with President Ratu Josefa Iloilo as the chief guest.

Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase launched the festivities under the theme of Unity in Diversity on 24 May by officially opening the new Ratu Sukuna Memorial School in Nabua. The newly completed Great Council of Chiefs complex was opened the same day, and Qarase officially launched a website about Ratu Sukuna. A song has also been composed to mark the celebrations. The Fiji Museum in Suva also hosted an exhibition featuring photographs, along with medals, walking sticks, and a glass-encased tabua (whale's tooth) that had belonged to Ratu Sukuna.

Alluding to the ethnic, religious, and political divisions that have riven Fiji in recent years, Ratu Josateki Nawalowalo, the national organizer of the celebrations, described Ratu Sukuna as "a master of reconciliation" from whom the present generation should learn. "This is the kind of leader we should try to emulate because he was true to himself and rose to the occasion when faced with daunting challenges, always proving to the nation that they could depend on him."

Critical voices
A few discontented voices were raised. On 23 May, Meli Bogileka, general secretary of the People's National Party and a former minister in the Chaudhry government (1999-2000) said that Ratu Sukuna's achievements had been overstated, and overlooked the way his policies had confined native Fijians to pocket settlements and villages which, Bogileka considered, had impeded their progress. His comments drew an immediate rebuff from the government, which in a press release said that Bogileka's statement was inaccurate and insensitive, and should be "treated with the contempt it deserves." Bogileka reiterated his comments on 26 May, saying that Sukuna should have used his chiefly position to encourage indigenous Fijians to work rather than remain in their villages in the name of culture. "I stand wholeheartedly by the comments I made because it is the truth and the poverty that indigenous Fijians are now facing is largely because we rely too much on our families for our survival and cannot really fend for ourselves like other races do," Bogileka said.

Senator Ratu George Cakobau, son of former Governor-General Ratu Sir George Cakobau, said on 25 May that unless Ratu Sukuna's vision for Fiji was followed, the celebrations would be a waste of money.

Removal as a national holiday
On March 18, 2010, Commodore Voreqe Bainimarama announced that both Ratu Sir Lala Sakuna Day and National Youth Day would no longer be treated as public holidays, as a result of a Cabinet decision to amend the Employment Relations Promulgation. This announcement was met by some confusion and was further clarified by the Ministry of Information on March 22, 2010. The Ministry of Information published a press release stating that these two days were not in need of a public holiday in order to celebrate them.

Reinstatement as national holiday
During his inaugural address to the nation prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka announced they will reinstate Ratu Sukuna Day.

title: Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna Day


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Bukit Gombak

Bukit Gombak is a subzone of Bukit Batok, Singapore. It is a hilly neighbourhood in the west-central area of the Southeast Asian city-state of Singapore. In the Malay language, bukit means hill and gombak a bunch or collection of something. The neighbourhood consists of two hills. One of them stands at 133m while the other stands at 113m. They are Singapore's second and third highest natural point after Bukit Timah Hill.

Bukit Gombak is bounded by Bukit Batok Road, West Avenue 5, the North side of Bukit Gombak Sports Complex, West and North side of Town Park, the North-West and North side of the landed housing estate along Hillview Avenue, Upper Bukit Timah Road and Choa Chu Kang Road. It is generally regarded as the area around the elevated Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) train station of the same name (NS3), including the hills to the east of the station and HDB apartment blocks along Bukit Batok West Avenue 5 and East Avenue 5. The Tower Transit feeder bus service 945 from the Bukit Batok bus interchange plies the general area.

Places

 * Singapore's Ministry of Defence headquarters
 * Bukit Gombak Stadium
 * Bukit Gombak Sports Hall
 * Zu-Lin Temple Association
 * Grace Assembly of God Church
 * Bukit Batok Town Park
 * Little Guilin
 * Lianhua Primary School
 * St Anthony's Primary School
 * Hillgrove Secondary School
 * Swiss Cottage Secondary School
 * Guilin View Condominium
 * The Madeira Condominium

Politics
Bukit Gombak was a single-member constituency in the Singapore general elections in 1988, 1991 and 1997. In 1988, the ruling party People's Action Party candidate Dr. Seet Ai Mee defeated the Singapore Democratic Party candidate Ling How Doong by winning 53.5% of the vote. In 1991, Bukit Gombak became one of only four constituencies held by the opposition when Ling won 51.4% of the votes to Seet's 48.6%. In 1997 Ling lost his seat to the PAP's Ang Mong Seng by over 30% of the vote and Bukit Gombak returned to PAP control.

In the redrawing of electoral boundaries in 2001, shortly before general elections were held, the area was subsumed under the five-member Hong Kah Group Representation Constituency. The PAP slate comprising Yeo Cheow Tong, John Chen Seow Phun, Ahmad Khalis bin Abdul Ghani, Ang Mong Seng and Amy Khor Lean Suan defeated the Singapore Democratic Party with 79.7% of the vote. The PAP won the GRC in a walkover in the 2006 general election with Alvin Yeo and Zaqy Mohamad as new candidates replacing John Chen and Ahmad Khalis. Ang Mong Seng remained as representative for Bukit Gombak. A smallest portion of Bukit Gombak was also subsumed under the five-member Jurong GRC, with Halimah Yacob as the MP for Bukit Batok East, until 2015.

Following Hong Kah GRC's dissolution and the 2011 general elections, Bukit Gombak became part of Chua Chu Kang Group Representation Constituency contested by the PAP slate comprising Gan Kim Yong (former member for Chua Chu Kang Single Member Constituency), Alvin Yeo, Zaqy Mohamad and new candidates Low Yen Ling and Alex Yam Ziming. They defeated a team from the National Solidarity Party led by Tony Tan Lay Thiam and Hazel Poa by 61.2% to 38.8%.

Minister of State Low Yen Ling represents the Bukit Gombak division within Chua Chu Kang GRC following Ang Mong Seng's retirement in 2011. This division includes Housing and Development Board apartment blocks near the Bukit Gombak MRT station as well as the private estates and condominiums off Hillview Avenue. A small portion of Bukit Gombak is part of Jurong GRC, which Senior Parliamentary Secretary Rahayu Mahzam currently represents as the Member of Parliament for the Bukit Batok East Division.

title: Bukit Gombak


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Church of Reality

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Neutralitytalk 20:56, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Church of Reality
The Church of Reality ironically doesn't appear to exist within the realm of reality. it appears to be someone's idea of a joke religion, that isn't very funny. 3,300 google hits, mostly on infidel message boards and the like, and it is POV. Dunc|☺ 10:32, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Clearly just one man trying to get tax exempt status. Jimbobsween
 * Delete. I think the guy is probably San Francisco-earnest, but I don't think he's gotten enough attention to be notable yet (i.e. like the Church of the Subgenius), and Wikipedia is not a place to promote something not-yet-notable. The user who created this seems to be the same fellow who founded the religion, never a good sign (see the talk page).--Fastfission 14:41, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * If you look at the link Church Organization this is not a one man show. And BTW in the Church of Subgenius newsgroup alt.slack someone made a note about the CoR Google groups - alt.slack --Tommynchucky
 * Comment. The Church of Reality has existed for 7 years, it returns 2610 hits on Google and has been granted a registered trademark by the United States. This is just an attempt by Christians to suppress competition. These same people are attaching anything relating to the Church of Reality See also: doubt based --Marcperkel 15:38, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not religious in the least, so you needn't worry about that being a motivation (I was actually quite active in the Bay Area freethought communities when I lived out there). I have here a page from your blog which says that the Chuch was about to launch in December 2004, and another from July 2004 saying you were still working on its "doctrine", so claiming it has existed for "7 years" seems like a bit of a stretch. Most of the Google hits are either a few bloggers saying "huh?" or things that you seem to have posted yourself to open directories. Trademark status means nothing other than that you filled out a form. We're not "attacking" anything, we just don't think it conforms to Wikipedia inclusion requirements. No need to get paranoid. --Fastfission 16:14, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Why don't you do a whois on the domain churchofreality.org and you'll see it was created on 11/08/1998. You can also search archive.org and see old versions of the web site. In the Church of Reality we are always working on our doctrine. --Marcperkel 16:38, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Established parody religion, like Landover Baptist Church. -- BD2412 talk 15:57, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)
 * Under what standard is it "established" except that a guy has self-promoted it on the internet, has made a website for it, and has registered its name as a trademark? None of those things make it very "Established" in my mind. If you look at the sites linking to his website, none give the impression that this is a phenomena nearly as well-known or notable as Landover Baptist. This looks like just one guy to me. --Fastfission 16:17, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * And you looked at all 2610 Google references and came to that conclusion? I was interviewed on Air America Radio by Mike Malloy who did a spacial show on the Church of Reality. What does it take to prove to you that it is big enough for your tastes?--Marcperkel 16:53, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advertisement and use of the Wikipedia for promotion or gain of notability. --Sn0wflake 16:24, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * And when we advertise Wikipedia for gain of notability, it's not ok? I've been an active member of the IBS Self Help group and I posted an promotional offer to the Church of Reality in two places: Church of Reality - my way of life and Invitation to the Church of Reality.  Ironically I link to Wikipedia for promotion and gain of notability.  So what I'm doing is not kewl eh? --Tommynchucky
 * Delete. This user has been scattering articles and edits around, all reflecting his personal beliefs (beliefs that I partly share, incideentally, but that's not the point), including Natural religion (which another user has made into a disambiguation page) and Doubt based. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 16:29, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. There is a precedent that 1430 google hits are sufficient for an article to be noteworthy.     17:31, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * There's no hard-and-fast line on Google hits - it's just one piece of the puzzle. Looking at the main site itself, and at some of the links Google comes up with, it seems that it has made some waves in a variety of places. It needs severe cleanup - "we believe" has no place in an encyclopedia. I'm hesitant to vote for something that has generated so many sockpuppets (mostly on the votes below so far), but I'm going weak keep. ESkog 17:49, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * But there's also the issue of the quality of those hits. As it stands, most of those hits are just messages he's left on message boards all over the web.  It's a tactic that gets ultra-vain Shawn Mikula 78,000 hits.  By comparison Invisible Pink Unicorn (mhhnbs) gets 7,000 hits but many from different sources. Dunc|☺ 18:25, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Carlb-sockpuppet-01.jpg|100px|right]]Keep. On the surface level, the Church of Reality appears Discordian but if you examine it is a serious competitor to the marketplace of religion. I am a member and am also a secular humanist.  What makes it different is that has a different leadership.  It is a memetic splinter  off of it.  A similar thing happened when the Secular Student Alliance branched out of the Campus Freethought Alliance (under the direction of the Council for Secular Humanism).  The SSA wanted to be autonomous and many of the members have dual involvement.  Tommynchucky June 04, 2005 2:43 EST
 * This is sockpuppet. special:contributions/Tommynchucky (unsigned comment at 19:09, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC), by Duncharris. Paul August  ☎ 15:43, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * A sockpuppet is defined as "an additional username used by a Wikipedian who edits under more than one name." Where is your evidence that I'm posting under multiple usernames?  Do you have proof of IP logins from any of the admins?  Tommynchucky June 04, 2005 3:15 EST
 * Gosh, you know a lot for a complete newcomer. But then, your first and only edits were here, so you're  very special kind of newcomer... Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 19:35, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Quoting from Guide to Votes for deletion "It is difficult to tell sock puppets from newcomers. If you are contributing your first article, or are a newly pseudonymous user, please state this clearly and up-front, and please don't become offended if another Wikipedian points out your lack of editing history." I am a newbie.  Capishe? Tommynchucky June 04, 2005 5:10
 * Quoting from the top of this very page: "Anonymous and new users are welcome to contribute to the discussion, but their votes may be discounted, especially if they seem to be made in bad faith." Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 21:33, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I'm a member of this religion, and although unusual as far as religions go, it is certainly very real.
 * Voted by  18:47, 2005 Jun 4 (according to edit history. Uncle G 21:00, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC))
 * Keep Their are actual hits, and while it is not very notable their is info on the church and the webpage is developed. I don't believe someone would put that much work into the webpage if the church didn't exist.  Falphin 19:36, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, sock puppet limit has been reached. RickK 20:03, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable, advertising. — Xezbeth 20:05, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Use of wikipedia as advertising; sockpuppet abuse. — Asbestos | Talk  20:06, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The raw number of Google hits can be instructive but alone it can just mean that someone has been agressivley posting links on blogs and forums, sending out press releases that are automatically picked up on some web sites, submitting listings to various directories, etc...  That is what this looks like to me.  No real third party comentary or other validation that I could see.  One person can get a couple of friends together call it a religion - that is exercising freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, etc... However, it should have some broad support before it gets an article in Wikipedia.  If 10 people form a local club in S.F., I'll bet it would be deleted.  If 10 people with common beliefs call themselves a religion, I don't see how the group is any more encyclopedic. DS1953 20:21, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This seems like an attempt at promotion. That's not what Wikipedia is for. Paul August ☎ 20:29, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. no notability presented mikka (t) 21:24, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not notable, sockpuppet-supported. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 21:33, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - significance not yet verified, self-promotion --Doc (?) 22:13, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It is said that his birth was marked by earthquakes, tidal waves, tornadoes, firestorms, the explosion of three neighbouring stars, and, shortly afterwards, by the issuing of over six and three quarter million writs for damages from all of the major landowners in his Galactic sector. However, the only person by whom this is said is Beeblebrox himself, and there are several possible theories to explain this. — Hitch-Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy, Fit The Ninth. The only member of this purported church appears to be Marc Perkel.  The only evidence of its existence stems from that same, single, central source, either from his own vast flood of web log postings and discussion forum contributions, or from other people simply citing the several web sites that he created and owns (perkel.com, churchofreality.org, and bartcop.com, for starters).  Marc Perkel doesn't seem to be lacking the ability to create his own soapboxes. Looking at the discussions that Tommynchucky points to above (where the tag team is exactly the same as it is here), people seem to be ignoring what he cries from atop them, rather than joining his purported church.  The other two purported members of the purported church's "Council of Realists" are strangely quiet about the entire thing, too.  One doesn't even need to read the "Tithing" section of the purported church's "Fundamental Concepts", where it says "I am a person who has unusual mental talents. I think science should study me to see what it is about me that gives me my unusual mental abilities." to know that this is a religion of 1 adherent.  And now we have these articles submitted here by User:Marcperkel. Unverifiable to the point of autobiography; and of course Wikipedia is not a soapbox.Delete.  Uncle G 22:37, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity, ad, self-promotion. And I'm agnostic. --Etacar11 22:57, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I have heard of this before, so that established notability for me. Revolución 23:32, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I see nobody has attacked this vote, though they're more than willing to attack other people by putting up the strawman argument that their vote is "I haven't heard of it, so it must not be notable." RickK 21:56, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not the place to be promoting a new religion or a place to attempt establishment of new concepts.Tobycat 00:53, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't understand the arguments for deletion. They are primarily "vanity" and lack of "notability".  It seems that the argument from vanity would imply that if I, someone who is on the emailing list for the church, wrote this thing then it wouldnt be vain and it would be acceptable.  And the argument from notability would imply some objective standard of notability, which there is not.  Those arguing from notability are just declaring their own ignorance.  And those arguing from vanity are just arguing their own contempt.  It is just an article about a very real existing church, one that is obtaining IRS status, and one that has a very sympathetic membership.  Delete it now, it will be back later, perhaps written by someone notable and not so vain.By the way I am not a "sockpuppet" but I am a new user with no notoriety.  And I only know this this article because I am on the CoR mailing list, which says something about how known it is.--Asklocus 02:01, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well if we do delete it now and it does come back latter, because it has become more well known … well that's the way it's supposed to work. But — it is no part of our mission to help it become more well known. Paul August ☎ 02:57, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks like the Universist Movement is getting the same sentiment for this entry as this one. They have a discussion here with references.  They are more notable than the CoR and have gotten publicity in a relatively short period of time.  I guess even an article in the New York Times is still not good enough.  Also interestingly enough there is an entry for Bright which was started in 2003, and they seem less notable then the Universists.   There is overlap in principles in these groups.  What is notable is that Starblind and other made the allegation of sockpuppetry without providing any evidence in these talk pages Talk:Universism, Talk:Universist_Movement, Votes_for_undeletion/Universist_Movement -- Tommynchucky June 05, 2005 1:45AM EST
 * Tommynchucky, If you are not a sockpuppet — and I see no proof that you are — then I'm sorry, and I apologize on behalf of Wikipedia, for those who are calling you one. For the record, I don't see Starblind (explicitly) calling you a sockpuppet, it was user Duncharris, who did that, although others have (naturally enough) expressed their suspicions about a new user with no previous edits. Nevertheless, it is a well-respected Wikipedian practice to assume good faith, and we may have fallen short of that here. In any case, as Starblind pointed out it is our policy to listen and consider the comments of new users, but, in our efforts to reach a consensus, we sometimes give less weight to their votes. Paul August ☎ 15:43, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)

The Church of Reality has thousands of members and thousands of links to it on google.--Marcperkel 07:29, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * User:Asklocus's only edits are to this page. RickK 21:56, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. --W(t) 05:45, 2005 Jun 5 (UTC)
 * Delete. Popular religion for sockpuppets and no evidence of notability for humans. Capitalistroadster 08:00, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, seems to be vanity. Martg76 09:17, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep I don't even know what a sockpuppet is but I am a human and I am not one. I am the original author and as you can see several church members have verified it is real and notable. I acknowledge how some might think it's self promoting because the founder, me, is the one making the entry. However, who knows it better than I do? Would Bill Gates be prohibited from writing about Microsoft? The membership and the thousands of Google hits and the 7 years of existence make it real enough to keep. --Marcperkel 22:10, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I've edited "strong keep" into "comment" as you've already voted above. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:25, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not verified. carmeld1 23:03, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity and nonnotable. --Angr/undefined 05:38, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, WP:VAIN. Radiant_* 10:43, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No references other than the home site. Quale 02:01, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Pro Christian dominionists want to suppress the competition and are trying to use censorship to oppress the CoR like they did the Universalists. --Marcperkel 03:52, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There's no evidence it's real, and the irony is too feeble to be funny. seglea 18:44, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Furthermore, there's no evidence that Marcperkel is a serious contributer - he seems to have done nothing on Wiki other than promote this piece of vanity. seglea
 * Delete There may be a number of Google hits, but I don't think they refer to this same "church." It seems to be a one man religion at this point.  --Xcali 19:29, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--Autobiography--Mark Perkel registered churchofreality.org and is initial/primary author of Church of Reality and related. Also "Please do not create an article to promote yourself, a website, a product, or a business (see What Wikipedia is not)." from the new-article edit page. Niteowlneils 21:49, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, joke. There shoudl be option Move to unencyclopedia available. Pavel Vozenilek 20:16, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity, not notable, not verifiable, sockpuppet supported. Jayjg (talk) 21:30, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Toby Littt

 * Delete. Article Toby Litt with the correct number of Ts already exists. This one was clearly created in error.


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Positive evolution

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Neutralitytalk 20:59, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Positive evolution
The central dogma of the Church of Reality, (also on vfd). It is also nonsense since evolution does not entail progress. Dunc|☺ 10:33, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * At first I thought it was just going to need to be a redirect to either eugenics or orthogenesis, but then I saw it was just tied up in this Church of Reality nonsense and didn't seem well formulated at all. Prefer to just delete for simplicity's sake. --Fastfission 14:41, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or at the very least Merge back to the Church of Reality. NO need for both articles.  Guettarda 16:37, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. ESkog 17:43, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete both. RickK 20:12, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for the reasons I gave at Votes for deletion/Church of Reality. DS1953 20:24, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism. Paul August  ☎ 21:10, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism.mikka (t) 21:26, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete along with the Church. Same reasons. --Etacar11 22:59, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Widipedia is not an appropriate place to establish new words/concepts/ideologies. Tobycat 00:54, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Merge into the church article. I voted keep for the church but this isn't notable. Falphin 17:30, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism. carmeld1 23:07, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Even if it wasn't a doctrine from a one man church, there's no reason for it to have its own article. --Xcali 19:32, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Nobel laureates by nationality

title: Category:Nobel laureates by nationality


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User:J. 'mach' wust/monobook.css

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title: User:J. 'mach' wust/monobook.css


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User:GeorgeOu

George Ou was a network engineer who built and designed wired network, wireless network, Internet, storage, security, and server infrastructure for various fortune 100 companies. He is also a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP #109250). He was Technical Director and Editor at Large at ZDNet.com and wrote one of their most popular blogs “Real World IT.” In 2008, he became a Senior Analyst at ITIF.org and then helped create Digital Society.

title: User:GeorgeOu


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Doubt based

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 08:38, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Doubt based
1 Google hit for doubt based religion More original research. More Microreligion -- Duncharris 10:37, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. What is so threatening about a different way of thinking? Just because a term is relatively new that does not mean it cannot possibly be valid. The number of votes for delete here just go to show that most people have such small/tiny minds that they blindly follow what they have been taught their entire lives, then...when someone has an alternate view they feel threatened and attack viciously because by god if it isnt what they have been taught it must not be right. Please.--Lish 18:56, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * User's only edit. --Etacar11 19:32, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Patent nonsense - atheism is NOT a religion. Delete. - Mike Rosoft 11:33, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Just another attempt of Mark Perkel to promote his fake Church of Reality. - Jimbobsween 12:17, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. At best, it's a dictdef, although I wouldn't go that far. --khaosworks 12:29, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. While it is clearly meant as a contrast to the common Faith based buzzword, it is, as of yet, not a phrase with any notability or use outside of this one fellow's unnotable parody religion. --Fastfission 14:49, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's a new term and it is totally valid. The Church of Reality is a new religion and it has some new original concepts that don't exist in other faiths. I think the concept of doubt based religion is totally valid. I figured that Christians would want to supress this. They are also attacking the Church of Reality definition. I don't claim Atheism is a religion. Note it says "or groups". Google - 314 hits on doubt based charity --Marcperkel 15:42, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It is a self-described neologism. It hasn't caught on, it isn't notable yet. If it someday becomes common, then it will be then quite welcome. Until then, it doesn't belong here. The #1 entry on those "314" hits is a parody, many of the others are for unrelated phrases (such as "there is no doubt, based on past practice"). Searching for "doubt based morality" gets 19 hits, searching for "doubt based charity" gets 4 hits. --Fastfission 16:21, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Mark: Your "new term", may very well be "valid", but for now it is still a neologism, and Wikipedia is not the place for those, please see No original research. Paul August ☎ 20:48, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Although the Church of Reality is new, it is a genuine religion. Therefore, the term ï¿½doubt based religionï¿½ is a legitimate, real concept and should be kept.  --daze79 4 June 2005
 * First edit by user. Possible sockpuppet. --khaosworks 16:19, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Sn0wflake 16:26, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This user has been scattering articles and edits around, all reflecting his personal beliefs (beliefs that I partly share, incideentally, but that's not the point), including Natural religion (which another user has made into a disambiguation page) and Church of Reality. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 16:29, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. - it is good to see the alternative to "faith-based" a type of religion that has been used to justify slaughter through the ages. 63.203.231.61 17:11, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC) Henry Schwan
 * First edit by anon user. Possible sockpuppet.--khaosworks 17:14, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I say keep because it has already been in past use. An Article Japan: Buddhism meets Shintoism in Japan By Marvin Olasky refers to a doubt-based religion, Zen Buddhism. A quote from the article says " "Zen says, 'You doubt? Great. You haven't doubted enough.'" The article can be found here
 * Another first edit. --khaosworks 17:41, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * This vote made by anon IP 66.244.72.236. Paul August ☎ 06:26, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)

Newspeak. Don't let them censor CONCEPTS that point out the errors in their thinking. 209.237.225.251 07:40, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The link above isn't good enough for me - I need to see someone referencing "doubt-based religion" in an academic context outside of this one guy's web page. ESkog 17:41, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Concur with ESkog. -SocratesJedi | Talk 18:24, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. "this one guy's web page" I think Dr. Olaskys biography speaks for its self. (66.244.72.236
 * First and only edit — mockpuppet. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 19:28, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This is the second "keep" vote for this IP. Paul August ☎ 06:26, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism not currently in any real use. Promotion for a new religion. Dpbsmith (talk) 19:21, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete neologism and intelectualy dishonust article (see talk) --Doc (?) 19:49, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I voted keep for the church but this isn't notable. Falphin 20:01, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete more ChurchofRealitycruft. RickK 20:13, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for the reasons I gave at Votes for deletion/Church of Reality. DS1953 20:25, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete neologism. Paul August ☎ 20:48, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete neologism. 21:26, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Church of Reality neologism. --Etacar11 23:02, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Attempt at promoting/creating a new concept. Wikipedia is not a place to promote a new religion.Tobycat 00:51, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I doubt that this is notable at this stage. Capitalistroadster 08:29, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonsense. Martg76 09:18, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. --Angr/undefined 05:45, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, have you read the article about "Faith-based"? It panders to the Christian fundamentalists, by claiming to be about "societal universal benevolence", when it's really about people who can't tell fact from fiction.  Don't help them work on their
 * This person has just added "faith-based" to the neologisms article, and made a mess of the Faith-based article. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:43, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per the other delete voters. Quale 02:02, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I doubt it should be kept. --Xcali 19:24, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Is this vote ever going to end? Jimbobsween 01:33, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Helpdesk and incident reporting auditing

Help desk and incident reporting auditing is an examination of the controls within the help desk operations. The audit process collects and evaluates evidence of an organization's help desk and incident reporting practices, and operations. The audit ensures that all problems reported by users have been adequately documented and that controls exist so that only authorized staff can archive the users’ entries. It also determine if there are sufficient controls to escalate issues according to priority.

Types of help desks
The management and support of IT assets is essential for all businesses. Help desks are now fundamental and key aspects of good business service and operation. Through the help desk, problems are reported, managed and then appropriately resolved in a timely manner. Help desks can provide both internal and external users the ability to ask questions and receive effective answers. Moreover, help desks can help the organization run smoothly and improve the quality of the support it offers to the users.

 * Traditional - Help desks have been traditionally used as call centers. Telephone support was the main medium used until the advent of Internet. Although telephone support has worked effectively and is still being used today, it has a number of weaknesses. For example, it is frustrating for customers to be put on hold or navigate automated phone answering messages.
 * Internet - The advent of the Internet has provided the opportunity for potential and existing customers to communicate with suppliers directly and to review and buy their services online. Customers can email their problems without being put on hold over the phone. One of the largest advantages Internet help desks have over call centers are that it is available 24/7. This is extremely important in today's global business world where customers and staff members may be in different time zones.

Objectives

 * Determine if the sufficient controls have been implemented into the system. This will ensure that all problems reported by users have been adequately documented. The controls exist so that only authorized staff can archive the users’ entries. Also, customers should be notified of the timing of the corrective action.
 * Determine if there are sufficient controls to escalate issues according to priority. In addition, it is necessary to determine whether the trial has been completely recorded and what action has been taken by whom.
 * Monitor if customer requests are timely cleared. Outstanding requests should be reviewed and actions should be taken immediately.

Auditing procedure

 * Review and evaluate the overall process followed by the help desk. The review should focus on how the incoming problems are handled, if the problems are classified and prioritized, and if there is timely follow up to ensure efficient and complete resolution.
 * Observe the operation. This observation should include the promptness of answering questions, immediate logging, and adequate knowledge to resolve problems quickly.
 * Perform a test to determine the control environment. For example, the auditor could test whether all the users’ requests are logged into the system and whether all questions are properly documented.
 * Determine if management defines the help desk mission statement. Also, the auditor should evaluate whether management has established clear responsibilities for the help desk.
 * Evaluate the help desk service level by determining the management's methods of performing services. This can be accomplished by asking these questions:
 * 1) Does management calculate how many problems are reported per month?
 * 2) How many problems are resolved per month by individual help desk staff members?
 * 3) Does management compare the number of problems reported per day with the number of problems resolved per day?
 * For the last question, tracking systems will help to identify whether the help desk has adequate staff to deal with the number of issues received at any given time. Furthermore, the problems distribution should be monitored to ensure that the staff is appropriately scheduled in to meet customer demand.

 * Evaluate the training of the help desk technicians. This will help determine if they are aware of the development of hardware and software, industry trends and have sufficient technical skills.
 * Check the security systems of the help desk. This includes such systems as physical security and password access controls.

Software
Today, there are many software choices which help management operate the help desk functions. In addition, these software products greatly improve the auditing of help desk operation. Help desk software is management software that automates many features of an organization's help desk environment, such as automated email response. It gives businesses the capability of using a systematic approach to responding to both internal and external users.

The typical functionality of help desk software includes:
 * Call management
 * Call tracking
 * Knowledge management
 * Problem resolution
 * Self-help capabilities

The core components of any help desk software application include the abilities to record and track support requests through all stages. In addition, reporting is also a key element to providing detailed information on how the system is running. The right choice of help desk software depends on the size of the organization and the complexity of the support process. The business needs will vary greatly during different periods of time.

Help desk software common functions

 * Help desk software systems range in complexity from basic ticket logging to fully integrated CRM systems.
 * Functionality is varied, but the essential core elements are the recording and tracking of support requests.
 * Reporting is important and often complemented by a third party application for user-definable reports.
 * Service Level management is often crucial to the help desk process as a measure of its success. This is usually an automated benefit of the help desk application.

Outsourcing
The outsourcing of the help desk function and IT operations as a whole are a growing trend. However, it is important for the management to be aware of the ultimate responsibility for the help desk. This responsibility is still retained in the organization and not in the outsourcing firms. Help desk is still substantially important even if it is outsourced. In addition, it is critical to have appropriate management structure. Outsourcing decisions always involved both risks and benefits. The risks can be mitigated through careful planning. Whether it is a right decision or not for the organization to outsource can be decided through research. It also helps in delegating responsibilities to one and each.

Summary
Help desks play a key role in modern business organizations. A well designed and maintained help desk can substantially:

 * Increase the efficiency of operations
 * Reduce costs
 * Gain customer satisfaction
 * Improve public image

Effective auditing practices can contribute to maintaining the high quality of help desks, and help desk software may further improve the efficiency of help desk auditing.


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Maxine Chernoff

Maxine Chernoff (born 1952) is an American novelist, writer, poet, academic and literary magazine editor.

Biography
She was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, and attended the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Chernoff is a professor and Chair of the Creative Writing program at San Francisco State University. With her husband, Paul Hoover, she edits the long-running literary journal New American Writing. She is the author of six books of fiction and ten books of poetry, including The Turning (2008) and Among the Names (2005), both from Apogee Press.

Chernoff's novel American Heaven and her book of short stories, Some of Her Friends That Year, were finalists for the Bay Area Book Reviewers Award. With Paul Hoover, she has translated The Selected Poems of Friedrich Hölderlin (Omnidawn Press, 2008) which won the 2009 PEN Translation Prize.

As of 2013, she lives in Mill Valley, California.

Novels
Reviewers Award
 * A Boy in Winter (Crown Publishing, 1999; Harper Flamingo Australia, 2000)
 * American Heaven (Coffee House Press, 1996), a finalist for the Bay Area Book
 * Plain Grief (Summit, 1991; available as e-book from Previewport.com, 2001)

Short stories

 * Some of Her Friends That Year: New & Selected Stories (Coffee House Press, 2002), a finalist for the Bay Area Book Reviewers Award
 * Signs of Devotion: (stories) (Simon & Schuster, 1993) a New York Times Book Review Notable Book for 1993.
 * Bop, stories (Coffee House Press, 1986; Vintage Contemporaries, 1987)

Poetry

 * Light and Clay: New and Selected Poems (MadHat Press, 2023)
 * Under the Music: Collected Prose Poems (MadHat Press, 2019)
 * Camera (Subito Press, 2017)
 * Here (Counterpath Press, 2014)
 * Without (Shearsman, England, 2012)
 * A House in Summer (Argotist Press, England, 2012)
 * To Be Read in the Dark (Omnidawn, 2011)
 * The Turning (Apogee Press, 2008)
 * Among the Names (Apogee Press, 2005)
 * Evolution of the Bridge: Selected Prose Poems (Salt Publications, 2005)
 * World: Poems 1991–2001 (Salt Publications, 2001)
 * Leap Year Day: New & Selected Poems (Another Chicago Press, 1990; Jensen Daniels, 1999)
 * Japan (Avenue B Press, 1988)
 * New Faces of 1952 (Ithaca House, 1985)
 * Utopia TV Store'' (The Yellow Press, 1979)
 * A Vegetable Emergency, prose poems (Beyond Baroque Foundation, 1976)
 * The Last Aurochs (Now Press, 1976)

Editor

 * Selected Poems of Friedrich Hölderlin, co-translated with Paul Hoover; (Omnidawn, 2008)
 * New American Writing (with Paul Hoover), (1986) — present)

Awards

 * 1985 Carl Sandburg Award
 * 1985 PEN New Books Award
 * 1986 Friends of American Writers' Award
 * 1986 LSU Southern Review Fiction Award
 * 1993 Sun-Times Fiction Prize
 * 1988 CCLM Editors' Award
 * 2002 Marin Arts Council Fellowship
 * 1996 and 2002 BABRA finalist
 * 2009 PEN Translation Award
 * 5 Illinois Arts Council Fellowships
 * 2013 NEA Poetry Fellowship

title: Maxine Chernoff


text:
User talk:Meadsteve

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Longhair | Talk 10:38, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Meadsteve


text:
Talk:Lizzie MacDonald

Merging this with a list
I don't know much about Monarch of the Glen, but this and other minor characters from that series really need to be merged into a list, per WP:FICT. A Man In Black 10:38, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. This is only a short article.

title: Talk:Lizzie MacDonald


text: Category:Catholic penitential practices

title: Category:Catholic penitential practices


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Walter IV, Count of Brienne

Walter IV (Gauthier (1205–1246) was the count of Brienne from 1205 to 1246.

Life
Walter was the son of Walter III of Brienne and Elvira of Sicily. Around the time of his birth, his father lost his bid for the Sicilian throne and was killed. His inheritance of the Principality of Taranto and the County of Lecce was confiscated. He took part in the War of the Keys in 1228–1229 in an effort to recover it.

While a teenager, Walter was sent to Outremer where his uncle John of Brienne was the ruler of Jerusalem. In 1235 John gave him the County of Jaffa and Ascalon, that and arranged a marriage with Maria (before March, 1215 – ca. 1252 or 1254), daughter of Hugh I of Cyprus, in 1233.

Even after his uncle had been forced out of the kingdom by Frederick II, Walter remained one of the most important lords of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He participated in the Crusade of Theobald I of Navarre in 1239 and was among the many French Crusaders captured by the Ayyubids. He was commander of the Crusader army that marched against the forces of as-Salih Ayyub at the Battle of La Forbie in 1244. Against the advice of al-Mansur of Homs, his Syrian ally, Walter insisted on taking the offensive, rather than fortifying his camp and awaiting the retreat of the Khwarezmians. In this disastrous battle, the Crusader-Syrian forces were nearly annihilated. Walter was captured, tortured before the walls of Jaffa, and ultimately turned over to the Egyptians after the Khwarezmian defeat before Homs in 1246. He was imprisoned in Cairo and murdered by merchants whose caravans he had robbed.

He was succeeded by his elder son John, who died childless. His younger son Hugh of Brienne settled in Southern Italy and became a partisan of Charles of Anjou, who returned to him the family's county of Lecce.

title: Walter IV, Count of Brienne


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Motion and amendment (election)

A motion and amendment electoral system decides the result of the election by following standard rules for adopting other proposals. The steps are:
 * 1) A substantive motion is proposed that "individual A is elected".
 * 2) Proposals for amendments are invited. If none are received then move to step 4.
 * 3) If an amendment is proposed that the motion be changed by deleting "A" and inserting "B" then that is voted on.  If the amendment is carried then the substantive motion becomes "individual B is elected".  In either case the process returns to step 2.
 * 4) With no more proposed amendments, the substantive motion is put to the vote.  If it is carried then the election is complete.  If not then the process returns to step 1, or stops without a result.

This was the system used for the election of the Speaker of the House of Commons until 2001.

If there is a Condorcet winner and people vote according to their preferences, then that individual will be considered in the final vote on the motion in step 4. If there is not a Condorcet winner then any person in the final motion will be a member of the Smith set; which individual that is may depend on who is nominated at which stage. However, there is no guarantee that a motion will pass at the end.

An example
The voting might go as follows:

 * 1) Motion proposed "Memphis shall be the capital of Tennessee."
 * 2) Amendment proposed "Delete 'Memphis' and insert 'Nashville'." Passed 58% to 42% so motion becomes "Nashville shall be the capital of Tennessee."
 * 3) Amendment proposed "Delete 'Nashville' and insert 'Chattanooga'." Rejected 68% to 32% so motion remains "Nashville shall be the capital of Tennessee."
 * 4) Amendment proposed "Delete 'Nashville' and insert 'Knoxville'." Rejected 68% to 32% so motion remains "Nashville shall be the capital of Tennessee."
 * 5) Vote on motion "Nashville shall be the capital of Tennessee." Outcome uncertain, as it depends on whether supporters of other cities are willing to accept Nashville rather than failing to make a decision at this stage.

Tactical voting and tactical nomination
Motion and amendment is prone to tactical voting. The result may also depend on the order in which candidates are considered.

In the example above, if supporters of Knoxville pretended to prefer Memphis over Nashville or Chattanooga, they could enable Knoxville to appear in the final motion. The voting would have been:

 * 1) Motion proposed "Memphis shall be the capital of Tennessee."
 * 2) Amendment proposed "Delete 'Memphis' and insert 'Nashville'." Rejected 59% to 41% so motion remains "Memphis shall be the capital of Tennessee."
 * 3) Amendment proposed "Delete 'Memphis' and insert 'Chattanooga'." Rejected 59% to 41% so motion remains "Memphis shall be the capital of Tennessee."
 * 4) Amendment proposed "Delete 'Memphis' and insert 'Knoxville'." Passed 58% to 42% so motion becomes "Knoxville shall be the capital of Tennessee."
 * 5) Vote on motion "Knoxville shall be the capital of Tennessee." Outcome uncertain.

This particular tactical voting would not work if Knoxville had been nominated before Memphis or Chattanooga.

title: Motion and amendment (election)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chito-ryu

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - copyvio - SimonP 14:17, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Chito-ryu
Text dump, not an encyclopedia article. Delete unless rewritten. - Mike Rosoft 10:40, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. --khaosworks 12:29, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Just because an article is too long or not wikified is no reason to delete it. I searched for "Chito-ryu" and clearly this is a notable style of karate with its own federations in Canada and and the U.S., local chapters and many  Senseis.  It is not appropriate to VfD this article, in my opinion.  However, this article borrows heavily (though not an exact cut-and-paste) from the web site of the United States Chito-ryu Karate Federation . The history there runs to ten pages this size, so this is heavily edited down, but many passages read the same.  So there seems to be some plagiarism, perhaps even rising to the level of copyright problems WP:CP.  But those issues are not to be addressed in a VfD. DS1953 13:50, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment, I listed this as a possible copyvio on WP:CP, until we can be sure that there is Confirmation of permission. --bainer (talk) 14:17, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete copyvio. JamesBurns 03:51, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Martha MacDonald (disambiguation)

Martha MacDonald or McDonald may refer to:

 * Martha MacDonald, Canadian feminist economist
 * Martha MacDonald (Monarch of the Glen), a fictional character in the British TV series Monarch of the Glen
 * Martha McDonald, artist

title: Martha MacDonald (disambiguation)


text:
Beta Lyrae

Beta Lyrae (β Lyrae, abbreviated Beta Lyr, β Lyr) officially named Sheliak (Arabic: الشلياق, Romanization: ash-Shiliyāq) (IPA: ), the traditional name of the system, is a multiple star system in the constellation of Lyra. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is approximately 960 ly distant from the Sun.

Although it appears as a single point of light to the naked eye, it actually consists of six components of apparent magnitude 14.3 or brighter. The brightest component, designated Beta Lyrae A, is itself a triple star system, consisting of an eclipsing binary pair (Aa) and a single star (Ab). The binary pair's two components are designated Beta Lyrae Aa1 and Aa2. The additional five components, designated Beta Lyrae B, C, D, E, and F, are currently considered to be single stars.

Nomenclature
β Lyrae (Latinised to Beta Lyrae) is the system's Bayer designation, established by Johann Bayer in his Uranometria of 1603, and denotes that it is the second brightest star in the Lyra constellation. WDS J18501+3322 is a designation in the Washington Double Star Catalog. The designations of the constituents as Beta Lyrae A, B and C, or alternatively WDS J18501+3322A, B and C, and additionally WDS J18501+3322D, E and F, and those of A's components - Beta Lyrae Aa, Aa1, Aa2 and Ab - derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).

Beta Lyrae bore the traditional name Sheliak (occasionally Shelyak or Shiliak), derived from the Arabic الشلياق šiliyāq or Al Shilyāk, one of the names of the constellation of Lyra in Islamic astronomy. Notably, in Arabic sources the Lyra constellation is primarily referred to as سِلْيَاق (Romanization: Siliyāq), whereas شلياق (Šiliyāq) primarily is used to refer to Beta Lyrae in what might be a form of linguistic reborrowing. Persian sources on the other hand, do refer to the Lyra constellation as شلياق (Šiliyāq), which may be the source of this confusion.

In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire multiple systems. It approved the name Sheliak for the component Beta Lyrae Aa1 on 21 August 2016 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.

In Chinese astronomy, Tsan Tae (漸台 (Jiāntāi), meaning Clepsydra Terrace, refers to an asterism consisting of this star, Delta² Lyrae, Gamma Lyrae and Iota Lyrae. Consequently, the Chinese name for Beta Lyrae itself is 漸台二 (Jiāntāièr, the Second Star of Clepsydra Terrace.)

Properties
Beta Lyrae Aa is a semidetached binary system made up of a stellar class B6-8 primary star and a secondary that is probably also a B-type star. The fainter, less massive star in the system was once the more massive member of the pair, which caused it to evolve away from the main sequence first and become a giant star. Because the pair are in a close orbit, as this star expanded into a giant it filled its Roche lobe and transferred most of its mass over to its companion.

The secondary, now more massive star is surrounded by an accretion disk from this mass transfer, with bipolar, jet-like features projecting perpendicular to the disk. This accretion disk blocks humans' view of the secondary star, lowering its apparent luminosity and making it difficult for astronomers to pinpoint what its stellar type is. The amount of mass being transferred between the two stars is about 2 × 10−5solar masses per year, or the equivalent of the Sun's mass every 50,000 years, which results in an increase in orbital period of about 19 seconds each year. The spectrum of Beta Lyrae shows emission lines produced by the accretion disc. The disc produces around 20% of the brightness of the system.

In 2006, an adaptive optics survey detected a possible third companion, Beta Lyrae Ab. It was detected at 0.54" angular separation with a differential magnitude of +4.53. The difference in magnitudes suggests its spectral class is in the range B2-B5 V. This companion would make Beta Lyrae A a hierarchical triple system.

Variability
The variable luminosity of this system was discovered in 1784 by the British amateur astronomer John Goodricke. The orbital plane of this system is nearly aligned with the line of sight from the Earth, so the two stars periodically eclipse each other. This causes Beta Lyrae to regularly change its apparent magnitude from +3.2 to +4.4 over an orbital period of 12.9414 days. It forms the prototype of a class of ellipsoidal "contact" eclipsing binaries.

The two components are so close together that they cannot be resolved with optical telescopes, forming a spectroscopic binary. In 2008, the primary star and the accretion disk of the secondary star were resolved and imaged using the CHARA Array interferometer and the Michigan InfraRed Combiner (MIRC) in the near infrared H band (see video below), allowing the orbital elements to be computed for the first time.

In addition to the regular eclipses, the system shows smaller and slower variations in brightness. These are thought to be caused by changes in the accretion disc and are accompanied by variation in the profile and strength of spectral lines, particularly the emission lines. The variations are not regular but have been characterised with a period of 282 days.

Companions
In addition to Beta Lyrae A, several other companions have been catalogued. β Lyr B, at an angular separation of 45.7", is of spectral type B7V, has an apparent magnitude of +7.2, and can easily be seen with binoculars. It is about 80 times as luminous as the Sun. In 1962 it was identified as spectroscopic binary with a period of 4.348 days, but the 2004 release of the SB9 catalog of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits omitted it, so it is now considered a single star.

The next two brightest components are E and F. β Lyr E is magnitude 10.1v, separation 67", and β Lyr F is magnitude 10.6v, separation 86". Both are chemically peculiar stars; both are catalogued as Ap stars, although component F is sometimes thought to be an Am star.

The Washington Double Star Catalog lists two fainter companions, C and D, at 47" and 64" separation, respectively. Component C has been observed to vary in brightness by over a magnitude, but the type of variability is not known.

Components A, B, and F are thought to be members of a group of stars around β Lyrae, at approximately the same distance and moving together. The others just happen to be in the same line of sight. Analysis of Gaia Data Release 2 astrometry reveals a group of about 100 stars around β Lyrae which share its space motion and are at the same distance. This cluster has been named Gaia 8. The cluster members are all main sequence stars and the lack of a main sequence turnoff means that a precise age cannot be calculated, but the cluster age is estimated at 30 to 100 million years. The average Gaia DR2 parallax for the member stars is $−14$.

The Gaia spacecraft has provided these data for the stars listed in the WDS:

title: Beta Lyrae


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The Frog Prince (1971 film)

The Frog Prince (released on home video as Tales from Muppetland: The Frog Prince) is a 1971 musical fantasy comedy television special directed by Jim Henson, and jointly produced by Robert Lawrence Productions in Canada and Muppets, Inc. in the United States. It is a retelling of the Brothers Grimm's classic fairy tale of "The Frog Prince" featuring Kermit the Frog as the narrator, Kermit's nephew Robin as Sir Robin the Frog Prince, and Sweetums. This special marked the debut of both Robin and Sweetums to the world of The Muppets.

Plot
After a brief introductory scene, Kermit the Frog and several other frogs sit around a well, when a small frog they do not recognize appears. The frog introduces himself as Sir Robin the Brave, explaining that he is actually a prince. He recounts, through a flashback narrated in song, that he once fought an ogre and was transformed into a frog by a witch, who told him the only way to break the spell was to be kissed by a princess.

Nearby, the frogs overhear King Rupert proclaiming that he will retire as king that afternoon, and that his daughter, Princess Melora, will be crowned queen. While Robin is excited for his opportunity to return to his human form, Kermit and the other frogs exhort the simple pleasures of a frog's life in song.

Princess Melora comes to the well, and Robin learns that she is under an enchantment that prevents anyone from understanding what she says. Melora tries to explain to her father that the spell was put on her by her aunt, Taminella. However, Melora's enchantment makes her pronounce "Aunt Taminella" as "Taunt Aminella," and her father cannot understand her.

As Melora sits by the well, singing to herself, she accidentally drops a ball into the water. Robin offers to retrieve it for her if Melora agrees to take him to the palace. Melora agrees and Robin fetches the ball.

At the palace, Melora speaks to Taminella while Robin hides in Melora's basket. Robin asks Melora to kiss him, explaining that he can understand her speech. Robin and Melora reprise Melora's earlier song.

Taminella barges in, recognizing Robin and telling Melora not to kiss the frog, sending her out of the room. While alone with Robin, Taminella reveals her plan to feed him to the ogre.

In the next scene, Robin explains to Melora that he knows that Taminella enchanted Melora when Melora discovered Taminella to be a witch, so Melora wouldn't be able to warn anyone. Melora tells Robin that the only way to destroy Taminella's power is to "bake the hall in the candle of her brain," but Robin does not understand her, and Melora and Robin are interrupted by Taminella once again.

Rupert II, Taminella, Melora, and Robin gather for a banquet, and are served by Featherstone. When Rupert II laments that he wants to know who cast the spell on Melora, she points across the table at Taminella, shouting "Taunt Aminella! Taunt Aminella!", and is still misunderstood by her father. Rupert II recounts his first time meeting Taminella, when he encountered her in the woods, and she, recognizing him to be the king, introduced herself as his long-lost sister. Taminella reveals to Melora that she has agreed to take the throne in Melora's place. Melora and Robin try to protest, but Melora's father doesn't understand her speech, and Robin is silenced by Taminella, who stuffs his mouth with popovers.

After the banquet, Taminella takes Robin to the dungeon in a cage, and gives him to Sweetums, the ogre, to eat. Robin evades being eaten by lulling Sweetums to sleep with a lullaby. Kermit arrives to free Robin, but is unable to open Robin's cage. Kermit and Robin attempt to make Sweetums open Robin's cage in his sleep. However, after he does, he immediately wakes up intent on eating Robin, revealing his intentions in song.

Kermit and Robin escape just in time for the coronation. Kermit and the frogs help Robin disrupt the coronation. Amid the chaos, Robin realizes that what Melora has been asking of him is to break the ball in the handle of Taminella's cane. He bites Taminella on the arm, causing her to drop her cane and shatter the glass ball in its handle. Taminella's power destroyed, she turns into a bird and flies away. Melora's enchantment is broken, and she kisses Robin. Robin turns back into a prince and professes his love for Melora. Melora is crowned queen while the audience sings.

Back at the well some time later, Kermit reveals that Robin and Melora are married and have a baby. Kermit swims in the well as the credits roll.

Cast

 * Trudy Young as Princess Melora
 * Gordon Thomson as Sir Robin the Brave
 * Heather Henson as Baby Prince Kermit

Muppet performers

 * Jerry Nelson as Robin the Frog (voice), Featherstone, Sweetums (in-suit performer)
 * Jim Henson as Kermit the Frog, Garth the Frog, King Rupert the Second
 * Frank Oz as Gawain the Frog, Robin the Frog (puppeteer)
 * Carl Banas as Sweetums (voice)
 * Richard Hunt as Taminella Grinderfall (in-suit performer)
 * Jerry Juhl as Kay the Frog, Taminella Grinderfall (voice)

Additional Muppets performed by Faz Fazakas, John Lovelady, and Danny Seagren.

Home media
The Frog Prince was first released on LP, then VHS, Betamax and LaserDisc in the United States in 1983 by the Walt Disney Telecommunications and Non-Theatrical Company through the Muppet Home Video imprint. A CED release was also issued by RCA.

On January 14, 1994, Buena Vista Home Video through the Jim Henson Video imprint re-released the special on VHS.

title: The Frog Prince (1971 film)


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Hairshirt (film)

Hairshirt (released to home video as Too Smooth) is a 1998 romantic comedy film starring Dean Paras, Neve Campbell, Katie Wright, Rebecca Gayheart and Stefan Brogren.

Plot
Danny Reilly (Dean Paras) is a self-obsessed man who, after dumping Renee Weber (Neve Campbell), falls in love again with Corey Wells (Katie Wright). But Renee makes it her mission to see that Danny never falls in love again and sets out for attack when he falls for Corey. Who will get the girl when Danny's constantly talking roomie Tim (Stefan Brogren) falls in love with Corey too?

Cast

 * Dean Paras as Danny Reilly
 * Neve Campbell as Renee Weber
 * Katie Wright as Corrinne "Corey" Wells
 * Rebecca Gayheart as Jennifer Scott
 * Stefan Brogren as Timothy "Tim" Wright
 * David DeLuise as Peter Angelo
 * Adam Carolla as Bruce Greenberg
 * Christian Campbell as Adam Lipton
 * Adam Scott as Bar Fan
 * Marley Shelton as Hot Blonde
 * Dax Sheppard as Party Vomiter
 * Ele Keats as Slapping Girl
 * Alfonso Cuaron as Director

title: Hairshirt (film)


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User:Jared81

I like the wikipedia concept.

I try to add information to articles, or create disambiguation articles to aid in navigation. Some of the information I add is information I find elsewhere on the internet. For some of the more terse terminology I've defined, dictionary.com has come in rather handy.

title: User:Jared81


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Template talk:Quantum field theory

Merge with Quantum mechanics template
I suggest this template be merged with Template:Quantum mechanics —Preceding unsigned comment added by Caco de vidro (talk • contribs) 22:21, 1 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I disagree, this will mess up the QM template with topics too advanced for an undergraduate student.(Sheliak (talk) 06:40, 3 March 2008 (UTC))
 * Is wikipedia's audience just undergraduates, or everybody? --76.99.169.3 (talk) 06:15, 18 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Everybody, but Sheliak's point still stands. --Michael C. Price talk 09:56, 18 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree, though I'm a little uneasy about the content and organization of this template. Quantum field theories are used ubiquitously in solid state physics and in high energy physics, so I feel it would be proper to include models such as the Hubbard model and Ginzburg-Landau theory, etc. into the template.  As far as the organization is concerned, it looks like the Standard model gets its own category when in fact, it is merely an elaborate example of quantum field theory.  Perhaps the organization should be along the lines of (1) Theories in Solid State Physics (2) Theories in High energy Physics.  I even recall seeing quantum field theories used in polymer physics, and in economics to model the stock market.  So before I go ahead and perform a cosmetic surgery to this template, are there any comments? TriTertButoxy (talk) 22:16, 27 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Classical Physics and QTF are coverd in Quantum Field Read Einstein or Summit for that time for others consult College textbook -- see Quantum Field Theory In Nutshell book for example.  No entry for SSP. --Michael C. Price talk 07:57, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

Spelling
Thanks for your contributions Truthnlove, for consistency I'll change the spelling of the Topics&Items to first capitalize letter and also remove the forenames of the scientists.

QFT Has Many Periods

 * 1) The founding period, where the theory was constructed by: Bohr-Rosenfeld/Born/Heisenberg/Dirac/Jordan/Klein. They recognized the need for field quantization. Heisenberg and others quantize scalar fields.
 * 2) The early field era: Klein, notes the paradoxes in the single-particle Dirac equation, Dirac-- who correctly quantizes the EM field and Fermi, Pauli, Stuckelberg. then there is the canonical anticommutator surprise by Fermi and Jordan. Fermis four-fermion interaction.
 * 3) The confusion era, when Heisenberg and others try to do perturbation theory and fail because of divergences. In this period, Majorana discovers a new fermion type and constructs an infinite component field for the first time, Wigner classifies all field equations, and interprets particles as irreps of the Poincare group. Pauli and Fierz find all wave equations and do spin-statistics theorem. Wigner recognizes the superselection sectors. Bethe does the Bethe ansatz.
 * 4) The renormalization era, the modern formulation, by Stuckelberg, Feynman, Schwinger, Tomonaga, Dyson etc. Bethe calculates lamb-shift. Dyson finds heuristics for renormalization.
 * 5) The 1950s. Lee model. Yang calculates the correlation functions of the Ising model. Lee Yang zeros. Renormalization is shown to hold to all orders following Ward, Bogoliubov, and others. Zimmermann formulates the forest formula at some point. There's a bunch of dispersion relations which probably warrant their own box.
 * 6) The 1960s. The connection to statistical models is becoming clearer, but not yet completely clear. Extended structures are analyzed by Skyrme then others for the first time-- fermions from bosonic theories. Schwinger shows that 2d electrodynamics is confining. There is rigorous stuff by Glimm Jaffe Frohlich, which probably merits its own box. There's current algebra and Sugawara construction which comes to its own two decades later, a whole new type of field theoretic construction. There's the anomaly, which started a whole field of inquiry. There's the operator product expansion by Wilson and Zimmermann. There's the S-matrix theorems that are more general than field theory, by Froissart, Coleman/mandula, etc.
 * 7) THe 1970s: ignoring supersymmetry--- the field theoretic developments are the renormalization of yang mills, asymptotic freedom, nonperturbative renormalization, ghosts and BRST quantization, vacuum condensate analysis of bound states by SVZ sum rules, and new fermi theories in 2d. There's also the instantons and solitons, the monopoles.
 * 8) The 1980s: Renormalization everywhere, and real-space and computational methods. Lattice Gauge theory. Conformal field theory, which probably warrants its own box and page.
 * 9) The 1990-now : I think it is fair to say that field theoretic progress is either in applications to high energy physics, or to condensed matter physics or in rigorous type work mathematics/mathematical physics, aside from supersymmetry, where the theories are still being formulated. Even still, there is some new kinds of field theory being formulated, like the "unparticle" theories.

This is the problem with discussion a subject this big and this alive. This was the focus of physics for 80 years. Even if only the really radically new contributions are mentioned, the number of contributers over the decades is enormous. The question is, which period does this box cover? I tried to find some representatives from all eras, excluding rigorous stuff, excluding SUSY, and excluding conformal field theory, maybe that is satisfactory. But the number of even the most obvious contributors is very very large. I don't know how to restrict things in this case.Likebox (talk) 07:36, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

Statistical Field Theory
The condensed matter people probably need their own thing--- how about "Statistical field theory"? This can include Parisi/Zinn-Justin/Kadanoff people who were interested in classical statistics more than quantum fluctuations.Likebox (talk) 18:24, 13 May 2008 (UTC)
 * The problem is that "statistical field theory" isn't really a phrase most condensed matter physicists use all that often. Perhaps this template should be renamed to "Quantum field theory in HEP", or "Relativistic quantum field theory", and theirs should be called "Quantum field theory in condensed matter physics," or "non-relativistic quantum field theory."  Actually, I feel that this template is too broad to be useful anyway; it needs to be split up. --TriTertButoxy (talk) 15:36, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I was getting at more the distinction between the "i" action, quantum fields, and the "-" action, statistical fields. Because they really are two different domains, with some overlap. If you are only interested in the "-" action you get a bunch of interesting nonunitary models, while if you are only interested in the "i" action, you can get models which have imaginary terms in the action, even in imaginary time.

 * If you use this dividing line, many-body field theory, the nonrelativistic condensed matter field theory, is included in quantum field theory (because its a quantum system), but the theory of the statistics of fluctuations of self-avoiding random walks or of the Lifshitz point are statistical field theory. I agree that the term is not widely used, but it is used--- Parisi has a book with that title.Likebox (talk) 10:34, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

Wrong Adler
There was a link to the Rock and Roll drummer Stephen Adler, which isn't the right Adler. There is a physicist with the same name (I think its stephen) who did pioneering work on the anomaly and also the Adler-Weissberger sum rule which is important in deriving physical consequences of current algebra.Likebox (talk) 19:15, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

Foundations vs. Applications
The people listed here are those that have had a big hand in the formulation of quantum field theory, but there are of course hundreds of people who applied the theory to describe the world, and discover the standard model. Sudarshan is one of them, as are Pati, Salam and Georgi. Salam, however, also was the first to give a complete proof that QED was renormalizable, and gave infinite component field theories and superpropagators, and other foundational innovations. But why play "my contribution is more fundamental than yours"? I think there should be different boxes for different things, like the weak interactions, the strong interactions, QED, statistical fields etc.Likebox (talk) 19:34, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

I removed the following people: Michael Werner ( I think he contributed recently to algebraic quantum field theory--- but this is too recent), Pati (whose seminal contributions were to make models of the world, not to the formal development of quantum field theory proper), Sudarshan (ditto--- great scientist--- just doesn't fit here in my opinion), Bose (this was the hardest).

What's the issue with Bose, esp. that Fermi is here? Bose developed the Boson statistics, and his contribution is comparable to that of Candlin, who developed Fermi path integration. Perhaps Bose and Candlin should be included both, but their contribution to the development of the field is in a single paper, and they did not devote an entire career to the subject. Fermi's four-point contact interaction was the first of its kind, and raised issues of unitarity and renormalizability already in the thirties. This is what I thought his contribution to the development of QFT proper was. Same with Bethe--- the Bethe Ansatz showed that S-matrix factorizes in 2D so 2D is magical. But this whole game is a ridiculous exercise and I feel ashamed to cast aspersions on the careers of scientists so great. But there is limited space, and this box needs focus.Likebox (talk) 23:52, 13 September 2008 (UTC)

Standard Model development
A lot of people, including Nicola Cabibbo (and Kobayashi and Maskawa) contributed in very fundamental ways to the standard model. But this box is about the development of the general formalism and physical principles of quantum field theory, not about applications. I am not sure that the same people made as central a contribution to Quantum field theory proper. It is probably good to make a standard model box to acknowledge their contributions.Likebox (talk) 02:01, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

Notability
Some of the scientists included in the list of scientist in this template are note notable enough. I invite other editors to state their opinions here and I will edit the template accordingly within a few days. Dauto (talk) 18:50, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Quantum field theory