text: User talk:67.85.31.248

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:67.85.31.248


text: User talk:142.103.168.27

title: User talk:142.103.168.27


text:
Template talk:Special pages list

Translations
This template in other languages: en fr

Warning
The warning means little if one doesn't understand it could crash some browsers. They load it, it crashes... then they understand. Placing "Warning" doesn't change that learning curve. - RoyBoy 800 04:52, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

Huh?
Anyone know what this template is supposed to be doing?--Kotniski (talk) 11:16, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

 * This template produces a ‘navbox’-style navigation aid that can be used on help pages (or anywhere except ‘main-space’ articles).
 * Note: like many ‘navboxes’, (as of July 2022), it may not be visible for those with using mobile device skins.
 * - Jim Grisham (talk) 00:33, 5 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Special pages list


text:
Object Desktop

Object Desktop (OD; previously the Object Desktop Network or ODNT) is an online software subscription service created by Stardock for OS/2 and relaunched for Windows in 1997.

Object Desktop includes most graphical user interface customization and productivity products offered by Stardock, including WindowBlinds, Fences, DesktopX, Tweak7, IconPackager and ObjectBar.

OS/2 (1993 to 2001)
Object Desktop — initially entitled The Workplace Toolset/2 — was developed over three years by Brad Wardell and Kurt Westerfeld subsequent to Stardock's OS/2 Essentials, a pre-registered set of OS/2 shareware. Object Desktop 1.0 was followed by 1.5 and Professional versions following in short order.

By 1997 the OS/2 ISV market was flagging, and many customers were switching to Windows NT 4. 1997 OS/2 revenues were 33% of those in 1996, and they fell to 25% of 1996 levels in 1998. This led to their decision to switch to Windows in mid-1997. Nevertheless, Stardock remained an OS/2 ISV until February 2001, when they stopped selling Object Desktop for OS/2.

OS/2 versions were sold as initial versions and upgrades, costing more than later Windows versions due to lower volume of sales.

Object Desktop 1.0
The initial release of Object Desktop was both praised for its functionality and criticised for performance and compatibility issues.

Object Desktop 1.5
Object Desktop 1.5 was released on 2 May 1996, fixing many problems, and adding the following components:

Users of 1.0 could upgrade for $37.

Object Desktop Professional
Object Desktop Professional was (as the name suggests) aimed at professional users of OS/2. It was released on 24 August 1996, priced at $179; users could also upgrade from OD 1.5 for $69.95, or from OD 1.0 for $119. In addition to the features of OD 1.5, the package included:

Object Desktop 2.0
Object Desktop 2.0 was an update to all previously released components, and an integration of the Professional features into the main package. It was priced at $99.95; users of Object Desktop Professional could upgrade for $39, while other versions could be upgraded for $69.95.

An upgrade to 2.02 was released at the start of 2000, but it was made clear that it would be the last release.

Early Experience Program
When it became clear that OS/2 would not remain a viable platform, Stardock decided to move to Windows. This required rewriting old components and writing new ones to replace those which were not appropriate for Windows. This would take time, but Stardock needed money immediately to sustain development.

To cope with this cashflow problem, Object Desktop users who had switched from OS/2 to Windows were asked to purchase Windows subscriptions in advance of the actual software, on the understanding that their subscription period would only begin when the software was reasonably complete (which ended up as December 1999). This program was called the Early Experience Program. Due to significant goodwill built up over the previous years, many signed up, and Stardock survived.

Changes in focus
Initially the new Object Desktop package was closely related to the OS/2 versions, with old favourites like Object Edit, Control Center and Task/Tab Launchpad being ported over. However, as the userbase expanded from its traditional core of technical users into the wider Windows market, newer components shifted to focus on customizing the graphical user interface. The flagship component of Object Desktop became WindowBlinds; other popular additions were IconPackager, ObjectBar, DesktopX, DeskScapes and Fences.

Operation and pricing
Impulse (preceded by Component Manager and Stardock Central) is the main interface for registering, downloading and updating components. It is roughly equivalent to a package manager.

Users pay an initial fee for access to the software and one year of access to download updates. They may also download new components added during their subscription period. Updates are not guaranteed; components deemed less relevant may be passed over, or removed.

After expiry, users cannot download any software until they renew; however, they do not lose the use of released (non-beta) software that is already downloaded, nor is it necessary to renew immediately. Renewals add a year of access from the date of renewal, not the expiry date.

Historically, the initial subscription fee for the Windows version of Object Desktop has been $49.95, while a year's renewal or an upgrade from a standalone component has been $34.95. Object Desktop 2008 introduced two tiers, with the lower tier at $49.95 and the higher tier at $69.95, but the latter was eliminated in 2010.

Components
Object Desktop works on a component model; many of its programs are available separately, but subscribers can use all of them.

Current components
These components are available to all Object Desktop subscribers as of February 2010:

Obsolete components
These components may remain available for some legacy subscribers, but are not offered to new users:

Retired Windows components
These components have been withdrawn from service or did not make it past the beta stages:

Retired OS/2 Components
These components were not brought forth to the Windows version of Object Desktop:

Criticism
An occasional complaint with the subscription model is that a subscriber's favourite component has not been updated recently, or may be left in beta for a long time. On the other hand, popular components such as WindowBlinds tend to be frequently updated, with beta releases every week or two, release versions with new features every few months, and major version changes every year or so.

Some non-Object Desktop users have said the beta issue creates a double standard and forces people to upgrade to Object Desktop in order to get the latest features, while Stardock says that the policy is due to too many standalone users expecting beta versions to have the same reliability as release versions, and the increased ease of releasing a build on Impulse over a separate installation package.

title: Object Desktop


text:
Talk:Monomoy

Untitled

 * This is all that is required as concerns permissions? This again raises the question as to how to properly confirm permissions... By simply adding an anonymous comment to a talk page? --Chiacomo (talk) 06:06, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The overlap between these articles is almost total. Merge. treesmill 15:01, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Yes. Merge. Marco polo 19:27, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Yes, I would merge them. BTW, it might not be an island much longer. South Beach is about to connect to it.

title: Talk:Monomoy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Heart Sold Separately

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 01:14, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Heart Sold Separately
"up and coming", non-notable, likely vanity. StopTheFiling 21:22, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Deleteski. Non-notable.  Maybe if they actually make it big, but not now.--Kross 22:03, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * When they're up, let us know. Until then, Delete --Xcali 22:09, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete band vanity. --Etacar11 22:54, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, fails google test. Ambush Commander 22:59, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete fails wikipedia guidelines. JamesBurns 06:19, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Hédard Albert

Hédard Albert (born in Saint-Simon, New Brunswick), is a New Brunswick politician.

Albert worked for 35 years at the CCNB (francophone branch of the New Brunswick Community College system) fisheries school where he taught, conducted research and served as school administrator. He was also involved in Canadian International Development Agency programs to develop fisheries abroad.

He was elected as a Liberal to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in the 2003 general election to represent the riding of Caraquet and was re-elected in 2006.

Following the 2003 election, he served in the opposition shadow cabinet as critic for Intergovernmental and International Relations, Official Languages and Culture & Sport.

Following the 2006 election, he became a cabinet minister.

title: Hédard Albert


text:
The Ghosts of Versailles

The Ghosts of Versailles is an opera in two acts, with music by John Corigliano to an English libretto by William M. Hoffman. The Metropolitan Opera had commissioned the work from Corigliano in 1980 in celebration of its 100th anniversary, with the premiere scheduled for 1983. Corigliano and Hoffman took as the starting point for the opera the 1792 play La Mère coupable (The Guilty Mother) by Pierre Beaumarchais. They took seven years to complete the opera, past the initial deadline. The opera received its premiere on December 19, 1991, at the Metropolitan Opera, with the production directed by Colin Graham. The premiere run of seven performances was sold out. The original cast included Teresa Stratas, Håkan Hagegård, Renée Fleming, Graham Clark, Gino Quilico, and Marilyn Horne. The Metropolitan Opera revived the opera in the 1994/1995 season.

Corigliano considers this work a "grand opera buffa" because it incorporates both elements of the grand opera style (large chorus numbers, special effects) and the silliness of the opera buffa style. Commentators have noted how the opera satirises and parodies accepted operatic conventions.

Performance history
Lyric Opera of Chicago staged the opera in the 1995/1996 season in the first performances outside of the Metropolitan Opera, in a lightly revised version that cut some expensive aspects of the Met's production, including an onstage orchestra.

In 2008, on Corigliano's recommendation, Opera Theatre of Saint Louis (OTSL) and Wexford Festival Opera in Ireland engaged composer John David Earnest to rework the score for chamber orchestra to make it suitable for performances in small houses. The world and European première performances of this version took place the following year with co-productions at OTSL and Wexford Festival Opera respectively.

The opera was supposed to be revived at the Metropolitan Opera in 2010. General Manager Peter Gelb had already invited Kristin Chenoweth to play the part of Samira, alongside Angela Gheorghiu as Marie Antoinette and Thomas Hampson as Beaumarchais. However, the production was canceled in 2008 because the weakened US economy at the time required the cutting of costs instead of launching an expensive production like this. The Metropolitan Opera's 1991 production was streamed online on June 11, October 31, and December 13, 2020.

The work was given its West Coast premiere in 2015 at Los Angeles Opera in a full-scale production starring Patricia Racette, Christopher Maltman and Patti LuPone, conducted by James Conlon. The chamber version was part of the Wolf Trap Opera Company's 2015 season. The work was performed by the Miami Music Festival as part of their Summer 2018 season.

A new production directed by Jay Lesenger was mounted in July 2019 as part of the Glimmerglass Festival. This was a co-production with Cháteau de Versailles Spectacles, with a cast largely drawn from members of the Glimmerglass Young Artists program. It was presented again in December, 2019, at the Royal Opera in Versailles, and video-recorded.

Synopsis
The opera is set in an afterlife existence of the Versailles court of Louis XVI. In order to cheer up the ghost of Marie Antoinette, who is upset about having been beheaded, the ghost of the playwright Beaumarchais stages an opera (obviously based on La Mère coupable, although described by Beaumarchais as a new composition) using the characters and situations from his first two Figaro plays.

In this new opera-within-an-opera, Count Almaviva is in Paris as ambassador from Spain. Together with his trusty manservant Figaro, he tries to rescue Marie Antoinette from the French Revolution. When things go awry, Beaumarchais himself enters the opera and – with the invaluable help of Figaro and his wife Susanna – attempts to rescue the queen.

Act 1
The ghosts of the court of Louis XVI arrive at the theatre of Versailles. Bored and listless, even the King is uninterested when Beaumarchais arrives and declares his love for the Queen. As Marie Antoinette is too haunted by her execution to reciprocate his love, Beaumarchais announces his intention to change her fate through the plot of his new opera A Figaro for Antonia.

The cast of the opera-within-the-opera is introduced. It is twenty years after the events of The Marriage of Figaro. Figaro appears, chased by his wife Susanna, his employer Count Almaviva, his many creditors and quite a lot of women claiming he is the father of their children. Figaro, now aging but still as wily and clever as ever, lists his many achievements in a lengthy aria. Meanwhile, Count Almaviva is engaged in a secret plan to sell Marie Antoinette's jeweled necklace to the English ambassador to buy the Queen's freedom. The Count, Beaumarchais explains, is estranged from his wife Rosina due to her affair, years earlier with Cherubino. Though Cherubino is now dead, Rosina bore him a son, Léon. Léon wants to marry Florestine, Almaviva's illegitimate daughter (by a lady of the Court well-known to Marie Antoinette, according to Beaumarchais), but the Count has forbidden the union as retribution for his wife's infidelity and has promised Florestine instead to his friend Patrick Honoré Bégearss.

Figaro and Susanna enrage the Count by warning him that the trusted Bégearss is in fact a revolutionary spy. Figaro is fired, but overhears Bégearss and his dimwitted servant Wilhelm hatching a plot to arrest the Count that evening at the Turkish embassy when he sells the Queen's necklace to the English ambassador.

The Queen is still depressed, and Beaumarchais explains his intentions: Figaro will thwart the villains, the young lovers will be allowed to marry, and she herself will be freed and put on a ship bound for the New World, where he, Beaumarchais, will be waiting to entertain her. The King takes offense at this.

The Countess pleads with the Count on Léon's and Florestine's behalf, "aided" hypocritically (and therefore uselessly) by Bégearss, but the Count spurns her. Beaumarchais then enchants the Queen with a flashback, twenty years earlier, to Rosina's affair with Cherubino. In a beautiful garden, the lovers sing a rapturous duet, echoed by Beaumarchais and Marie Antoinette, who nearly kiss. They are interrupted by the King, who, enraged, challenges Beaumarchais to a duel. After a brief bit of swordplay, the King runs Beaumarchais through, but the wound has no effect because they are all already dead. The Ghosts find this hilarious, and have great fun stabbing each other.

Beaumarchais changes the scene to the Turkish embassy, to a wild party thrown by the Turkish ambassador Suleyman Pasha. Bégearss readies his men to arrest the Count, but Figaro intercepts the plot by infiltrating the party dressed as a dancing girl. During the outrageous performance of the Turkish singer Samira, Figaro steals the necklace from the Count before the sale can take place and runs away, hotly pursued by everybody else.

Act 2
Beaumarchais sets up the beginning of the second act. Figaro returns, but to Beaumarchais' shock and the amusement of the Ghosts defies Beaumarchais's intention that he return the necklace to the queen, as he wants to sell it to help the Almavivas escape. To put the story back on course and despite the danger to himself, Beaumarchais enters the opera and shocks Figaro into submission by forcing him to witness the unfair trial of Marie.

The Count, swayed by his wife's wishes, rescinds his offer to Bégearss of his daughter's hand. Even though Figaro gives him the necklace, Bégearss is enraged and sends the Spaniards to the prison where Marie Antoinette lingers. Because of his entering the opera, Beaumarchais' powers are gone and he is weakened and unable to prevent the arrest, but he and Figaro manage to escape.

In prison, the Count realizes his foolishness and becomes reconciled with his wife, Florestine and Léon. Beaumarchais and Figaro arrive at the prison to try to rescue the Almavivas, but it is the Countess, Susanna and Florestine who come up with a plan: using their feminine wiles on poor Wilhelm, who is their jailer, they steal his keys, unlock their cell and, after locking him inside, attempt to flee. Bégearss and soldiers appear to prevent their escape with the Queen, and Bégearss viciously announces that Wilhelm will be executed as well for his failure. Figaro denounces Bégearss to the revolutionaries, revealing that he has kept the necklace rather than using it to feed the poor, and is backed up by Wilhelm. Bégearss is arrested as a traitor to the Revolution and dragged off, the Almavivas leave and Beaumarchais, after bidding a fond farewell to his favorite creation (i.e. Figaro), is left with the keys to the Queen's cell and proceeds to complete his plan. But the Queen refuses to let Beaumarchais alter the course of history; the power of his love has helped her to accept her fate and he has, in fact, freed her from her own fear and grief which have kept her as a ghost on Earth and she is now free to declare her own love for Beaumarchais. Events proceed: the Queen is executed; Figaro, Susanna and the Almavivas escape to America; and Marie Antoinette and Beaumarchais are united in Paradise.

Reception
In 2015, Richard S. Ginell of the Los Angeles Times wrote that "many still differ as to whether 'Ghosts' has lived up to the hype and expense of its 1991 premiere at the Metropolitan Opera. But I love it, and I think it has a shot at immortality. It’s comic and serious, entertaining and erudite, silly and thoughtful, emotional and mysterious, harrowing and uplifting, intimate and over-the-top – and the more times you see it, the more you’ll find in it and the more you’ll get out of it."

Recordings
Up until recently, the only recordings were a VHS of a televised production from PBS' The Metropolitan Opera Presents in 1992 and a Constant Linear Velocity (CLV) LaserDisc of the same performance. The LaserDisc, published by Deutsche Grammophon, also includes a monochrome printed libretto. The LaserDisc version of the opera provides a digital sound track plus enhanced video resolution over the VHS recording. Graham Clark was nominated for an Emmy Award for his performance as Bégearss in this video. This recording was re-released on DVD on September 21, 2010, as part of the James Levine 40th anniversary DVD box set. It, like the other DVDs in the set, is now available separately. The enhanced video is also available for streaming with a Met Opera on Demand subscription or rental.

In April 2016, an audio recording of the Los Angeles Opera's 2015 production was released by Pentatone (PTC 5186538, a 2-SACD album). It won the 2017 Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Classical and for Best Opera Recording.

title: The Ghosts of Versailles


text:
Star Prophecy

The Star Prophecy (or Star and Scepter prophecy) is a Messianic reading applied by Jewish Zealots and early Christians to.

Bible narrative
"Er’ennū wə-lō ‘attāh, ’ăšūrennū wə-lō qārōḇ; dāraḵ kōḵāḇ mî-Ya‘ăqōḇ, wəqām šêḇeṭ mî-Yiśrā’êl, ū-māḥaṣ pa’ăṯê Mō’āḇ, wə-qarqar kāl-bənê-Šêṯ."

"I shall see him, but not now: I shall behold him, but not nigh: there shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel, and shall smite the corners of Moab, and destroy all the children of Sheth."

- Numbers 24:17

Messianism
The prophecy was often employed during the troubled years that led up to the Jewish Revolt, the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem (70 CE) and the suicidal last stand of the Sicarii at Masada in 73 CE. The Star Prophecy appears in the Qumran texts called the Dead Sea scrolls. "This was the prophecy that was of such importance to all resistance groups in this period, including those responsible for the documents at Qumran and the revolutionaries who triggered the war against Rome, not to mention the early Christians".

The Star Prophecy was applied to the coming Messiah himself in contemporary radical Jewish documents, such as the apocalyptic War Scroll found at Qumran. In a pesher applied to the text from Numbers, the War Scroll's writer gives the following exegesis: "…by the hand of the Poor whom you have redeemed by Your Power and the peace of Your Mighty Wonders… by the hand of the Poor and those bent in the dust, You will deliver the enemies of all the lands and humble the mighty of the peoples to bring upon their heads the reward of the Wicked and justify the Judgement of Your Truth on all the sons of men."

Some have speculated that the Romanized Jewish historian Josephus, applied the prophecy to Vespasian, who was campaigning against the Jewish Zealots in Palestine, and "who was to come out of Palestine and rule the world." According to Robert Karl Gnuse, it is not certain that Josephus was referring to the Star Prophecy: ""In his history Josephus observes that Vespasian was destined to be the world ruler who would come out of Judea, and not a Jewish messiah, as the revolutionaries had erroneously anticipated (War 6.312-314). … Josephus may have drawn upon the texts in Daniel 9:25-26 primarily and Genesis 49:10, Numbers 24:17, and Daniel 7:13-14 secondarily. He may have used an Essenic understanding of a messianic world ruler in addition.""

The star has been externalized as an actual star in the sky, the Star of Bethlehem, in the narration of the Gospel of Matthew. The fulfilled Star Prophecy is one of numerous instances of the asserted fulfillment of prophecies that are a main theme of this text.

Simon bar Kokhba
The prophecy was also applied to Simon bar Kokhba, messianic leader of the Second Jewish Revolt of 132, whose adopted name bar Kokhba means "Son of a Star" in Aramaic.

title: Star Prophecy


text:
De Magnete

De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure (On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on That Great Magnet the Earth) is a scientific work published in 1600 by the English physician and scientist William Gilbert. A highly influential and successful book, it exerted an immediate influence on many contemporary writers, including Francis Godwin and Mark Ridley.

Contents
In De Magnete, Gilbert described many of his experiments with his model Earth called the terrella. Gilbert made the claim that gravity was due to the same force and he believed that this held the Moon in orbit around the Earth.

The work then considered static electricity produced by amber. Amber is called elektron in Greek, and electrum in Latin, so Gilbert decided to refer to the phenomenon by the adjective electricus.

Summary
De Magnete consists of six books.

Book 1
Historical survey of magnetism and theory of Earth's magnetism. The lodestone in antiquity from Plato onwards and the gradual identification of iron ores. The south pole of a lodestone points to the north pole of the Earth and vice versa as the terrestrial globe is magnetic.

Book 2

Distinction between electricity and magnetism. An amber stick when rubbed affects a rotating needle made of any type of metal (a versorium) and attracts paper, leaves and even water. But electricity is different from heat and to magnetism which only attracts iron-bearing materials (he calls it coition). He shows the effects of cutting a spherical lodestone (which he calls a terrella) through the poles and equator and the direction of attraction at different points. Magnets act at a distance but the force has no permanent presence and is not hindered like light. Materials including gold, silver and diamonds are not affected by magnets, nor can one produce perpetual motion.

Book 3

The Earth's normal magnetism. He proposes (incorrectly) that the angle of the ecliptic and precession of the equinoxes are caused by magnetism. A lodestone cut out of rock and floated in water returns to the same direction. Iron heated to white heat and cooled lying along a meridian also acquires magnetism. But stroking with other materials fails—he proved this with an experiment with 75 diamonds in front of witnesses. The best way to magnetize a compass (magnetized versorium).

Book 4
Declination. The compass does not always point to true north. There is considerable variation. Using the terrella he shows that variations in the height of the surface can lead to differences but insists that variation is a global issue. In the midst of the ocean or continent there is no variation. He shows how to measure variation and the sources of common errors.

Book 5
Magnetic dip. The angle of inclination (dip) of a compass to the horizon differs according to latitude. He shows how to construct a dip instrument. At the equator it is level and increases towards the poles as he has shown earlier with his terrella.

Book 6
Terrestrial rotation. Heraclides and others held that the Earth rotates from west to east and this is supported by Copernicus (the "restorer of astronomy"), but Aristotle said otherwise. "If the rotations of the earth seems headlong and not to be permitted by nature because of its rapidity, then worse than insane, both as regards itself and the whole universe is the motion of the primum mobile." He rejects the idea of a sphere of the fixed stars for which no proof has been offered and leaves aside the question of other movements of the Earth but "infers not with mere probability, but with certainty the diurnal revolution of the earth." He states that "the cause of the diurnal motion are to be found in the magnetic energy and the alliance of bodies" but offers no further guidance. The inclination of the Earth's pole to the ecliptic produces the seasons. He explains the precession of the equinoxes as the movement of the Earth's axis.

In Chapter III, Gilbert argues in favor of the Copernican System. He posits that due to the inordinate distance of the celestial spheres, if in fact the spheres exist at all, it is an absurd idea that they would rotate every 24 hours, as opposed to the rotation of the relatively tiny sphere of the Earth. He states, "How far away from the earth are those remotest of stars: they are beyond the reach of eye, or man's devices, or man's thought. What an absurdity is this motion (of spheres)." He also argues for the extreme variability of the distance to the various heavenly bodies and states that situated "in thinnest aether, or in the most subtle fifth essence, or in vacuity – how shall the stars keep their places in the mighty swirl of these enormous spheres composed of a substance of which no one knows aught?".

Editions

 * De Magnete, Peter Short, London, 1600 (1st edition, in Latin)
 * De Magnete, Wolfgang Lockmans, Stettin, 1628 (2nd edition, in Latin)
 * De Magnete, 1633 (3rd edition, in Latin)
 * De Magnete, 1892 (facsimile of 1st edition)
 * De Magnete, English translation by Paul Fleury Mottelay, 1893
 * also published in Vol 28 of Great Books series by Encyclopædia Britannica, 1952.
 * (Facsimile of 1900 Thompson translation)
 * (Facsimile of Peter Short 1600 edition)
 * (Facsimile of 1900 Thompson translation)
 * (Facsimile of Peter Short 1600 edition)

Analysis
De Magnete was influential because of the inherent interest of its subject matter, but also for the rigorous way in which Gilbert described his experiments and his rejection of ancient theories of magnetism. Gilbert nevertheless acknowledged his debt to Peter of Maricourt and incorporated this 13th-century scientist's experiments on magnetism into his own treatise.

title: De Magnete


text:
User talk:Rt66lt

I moved my older talk to this archive: User talk:Rt66lt/Archive

Radial word association
The rules for the radial ultra cross game are "identical to the radial ultra game". The rules for the radial ultra game are "The rules are identical to the ultra game, except that the starting point begins in the centre of the box, and words expand out from the centre, associating to all the adjacent cells.". The rules of the ultra game say that you cannot add a word if there is a black space above or to the left. For the radial games this applies to the bottom right area, for the bottom left (where you put your word) there can be no space above or right, the top two areas is are the same, but the gap cannot be below. The only exception to these rules for table games is the psychedelic game, I will make this clearer though. Thryduulf 23:16, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Request
Can I have permission to add a MO State Highway Project banner to the Missouri State Highway 221 page? Marikun 19:16, 24 March 2006 (ETC)

RFC
Yup, feel free to comment at RFC page. --Rschen7754 (talk - contribs)  04:08, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Missouri
Dear Rt66lt, I am beginning the process to create a wikiproject for Missouri. in order to do so i'm required to show that there is a base of at least 5-10 people who would be interested in contributing to such a project. the project would serve to aid in the creation and editing of articles related to the U.S. State Missouri, its cities, counties, geography, transportation, culture, history, education, and so on. It aims to expand Wikipedia's resources on Missouri in a fair and accurate manner. Since you're stated as being a wikipedian in missouri, i wanted to see if you were interested. if you are, please add your username at Wikiproject/List_of_proposed_projects and User:Preschooler.at.heart/Missouri. thanks for your consideration. -- preschooler. at  .heart   my talk  -  contribs  15:55, 7 April 2006 (UTC) Wow. good work on the unincorporated communities. are you using a bot program? and if so, which one? -- preschooler @  heart   my talk  -  contribs  04:40, 8 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you, and please consider signing and joining. in order to create it I need to prove there's ample support. thanks.-- preschooler. at  .heart   my talk  -  contribs  16:11, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * oh, sorry you did, i just didn't see it in time.
 * Thank You for your support. WikiProject Missouri is now online. please feel free to contribute, and add your name to the list of members. -- preschooler @  heart   my talk  -  contribs  23:25, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd say so. really, if it has to do with missouri, feel free to be bold. also, try to focus on articles in category:Missouri. -- preschooler @  heart   my talk  -  contribs  23:14, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

yo
bypass route could use a rewording. "an alternate route of a highway that goes around the highway"? not sure what that is (as differentiated from "bypass" in 2nd paragraph). thanks, Ka- zizzl Mc 15:08, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:MOMap-doton-Zanoni.png
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Image copyright problem with Image:Missouri 122.PNG
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Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sue Anne 23:14, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

US 66 final route
How much do you know about the final (1976-1985) routing of US 66? I've found nice sources for Texas and Oklahoma (and California), but nothing for other states. --SPUI (T - C - RFC - Curpsbot problems ) 06:05, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:MOMap-doton-Longrun.png
Thanks for uploading Image:MOMap-doton-Longrun.png. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. --Hetar 04:42, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

The same map that all of the other cities have on them? Looking at other cities reveals sources simillar to "Modified from a map on Wikipedia." This is unacceptable. Please include a link to the original image, that states who owns the copyright to it. Copyright needs to be verifiable by other editors, to prevent the foundation from running into copyright problems. Thanks. --Hetar 04:49, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

song titles in word association games
The convention, at least in the word association games, has always been that song/book/film titles, etc are italicised not quoted. I'll change the entries back to the convention as I spot them when editing the games. Thryduulf 23:14, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't know why it is convention, it just seems to be. If you want to enquire further I suggest bringing it up on the talk page, if someone does know that is where they are most likely to see it. Thryduulf 08:16, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Deist... perhaps PanDeist?
Friend, I see that you class yourself as a Deist - might you also be a PanDeist? I have just begun speak on such things at length on my MySpace blog.

//// Pacific PanDeist 03:10, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Final state highway naming conventions debate
Rt66lt, your participation is welcome in the State route naming conventions poll. Please give your input as to the process by 23:59 UTC on August 8.

Regards, Rschen7754 (talk - contribs)  21:36, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Using SVG instead of PNG
I've noticed that the files representing the state highways are in PNG format. Most of the files that have been recently uploaded use SVG.

In the interest of changing to the SVG format, I present an SVG version of the state highway signs. Don't forget to remove the cyan guidelines maorking the top and bottom of the characters.

Tell me what you think.

--Bushido Hacks 06:02, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Almost forgot! This file I created created, based on one of you PNG images, was created using Inkscape. There is a Windows's version of this program available at http://www.inkscape.org/download.php

WikiProject Fire Service
Hello, I was browsing WikiPedia and noticed that you are/were a firefighter. I highly encourage you to stop by and check out our WikiProject relating to the Fire Service around the world. We are in need of many editors and administrators to help the cause. Stay safe, Daysleeper47 18:58, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

U.S. Roads Newsletter Issue #1

 * Want to help on next month's newsletter? Don't want to receive these in future? Don't want it subst'd next time? – It's all here. Rschen7754 (talk - contribs) 20:46, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

Images listed for deletion
Some of your images or media files have been listed for deletion. Please see Images and media for deletion if you are interested in preserving them. Thank you. Bigr Tex  18:21, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Image:Illinois 255.PNG
 * Image:Illinois 203.PNG
 * Image:Illinois 159.PNG
 * Image:Illinois 157.PNG
 * Image:Illinois 111.PNG
 * Image:Interstate-444.png

CfD nomination of Category:State highways shorter than one mile
I've nominated Category:State highways shorter than one mile, a category you created, for deletion. We appreciate your contributions, but in this particular case I do not feel that Category:State highways shorter than one mile satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion; I have explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Categories for discussion/Log/2007 February 14 and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Category:State highways shorter than one mile during the discussion but should not remove the category for deletion template from the top of the category; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. --Vossanova o< 14:26, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

U.S. Roads Newsletter Issue #2

 * Want to help on next month's newsletter? Don't want to receive these in future? Don't want it subst'd next time? – It's all here.

Apologies for the late delivery. Rschen7754 (talk - contribs) 05:14, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

USRD Newsletter - Issue 3

 * Want to help on next month's newsletter? Don't want to receive these in future? Don't want it subst'd next time? – It's all here.

Active user verification
Hello,. Due to the high number of inactive users at WP:USRD, we are asking that you verify that you are still an active contributor of the project. To do so, please add an asterisk (*) after your name on WikiProject U.S. Roads/Newsletter/List. Users without one by the next issue in 2 weeks will be removed off the list and off the respective road projects as well. If you have any questions, please contact me on my talk page. Thanks. Rschen7754 (talk - contribs) 22:56, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

U.S. Roads Inactivity notification
You have been declared an inactive user and your name will be removed from the newsletter distribution and the projects you were a member of. '''If this is in error, please contact me on my talk page. Do not restore your name to the list. Regards, Rschen7754''' (talk - contribs) 21:10, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Randy Orton
What would you rate it in the Missouri quality scale? Just wondering. --  ThinkBlue  (Hit BLUE) 17:39, 03 August 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Route 66 on the Air!
Route 66 on the Air!, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Route 66 on the Air! satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Route 66 on the Air! and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Route 66 on the Air! during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. --  Jreferee  (Talk) 16:24, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

User categories for discussion on -isms
Hi. A user category that you are in has been proposed for deletion at User categories for discussion. You are welcome to comment. Cheers! bd2412 T 02:20, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Stars on 45 Medley.JPG)
Thanks for uploading Image:Stars on 45 Medley.JPG. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 05:07, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Missouri
There hasn't been much activity at WikiProject Missouri or any of its child projects lately, and I saw. If you are willing to jump in again, please consider helping to revive the project:

 * Put WikiProject Missouri on the talk pages of articles involving Missouri. This helps to categorize articles
 * Write, cleanup, or expand an article about Missouri
 * Source a Biography of a living person living in, born in, or otherwise affiliated with Missouri
 * Help spread the word about the project
 * Update the project page or the portal
 * Watchlist or check the project talk page for updates
 * Join one of the child projects:
 * Columbia
 * Kansas City
 * Kansas City Chiefs
 * St. Louis
 * Missouri State Highways
 * Mizzou
 * Silver Dollar City
 * Washington University in St. Louis
 * St. Louis Cardinals
 * St. Louis Rams

If you know anyone who might be interested in Missouri (its history, culture, sports, people, places, architecture, etc.), please pass this message along to them! If you are still interested in the project but aren't currently active, please add yourself to the list of inactive participants at the bottom of this list. Thanks!

On behalf of the project,  fetch  comms  ☛ 21:40, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

Bullshit in Article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Madrid_County,_Missouri

This article's "history section" is full of a bunch of crap that doesn't belong here.

I am too not-bold to take care of this myself, could you delegate someone to trimming out what is several thousand words of stuff unnecessary. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.62.194.224 (talk) 09:35, 16 February 2010 (UTC)

Fairway (disambiguation)
Please see Talk:Fairway (disambiguation) Peter Horn User talk 15:15, 4 May 2010 (UTC) Peter Horn User talk 15:17, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Infobox MO Route
Template:Infobox MO Route has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you. WOSlinker (talk) 08:52, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

File:Connecticut Highway 16.PNG listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Connecticut Highway 16.PNG, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Calliopejen1 (talk) 02:50, 3 September 2011 (UTC)

Upcoming Wikimedia events in Missouri and Kansas!
You're invited to 3 exciting events Wikipedians are planning in your region this June—a tour and meetup at the National Archives in Kansas City, and Wiknics in Wichita and St. Louis:

Hello!
Just wanted to see how you were doing and to say that we miss you! --Rschen7754 08:50, 1 December 2012 (UTC)

Come to the First Topeka Meetup, January 15!

Come celebrate Wikipedia Day with other Kansas Wikipedians sponsored by Wikimedians Active in Local Regions in the United States (WALRUS) and hosted by the Topeka and Shawnee Public Library. Come chat, hang out and enjoy good company while find out more about Wikipedia in our regional community! RSVP at Meetup/Topeka/Wikipedia_Day.

If you can't come, but still want to find out about events in the greater Topeka region (which may include KC, Manhattan, Lawrence, Salina, or other places where volunteers are interested) sign up for future notifications at Meetup/Topeka/Invite list.

Hope to see you there Sadads (talk) 20:27, 18 December 2012 (UTC)

Missouri geographical articles
A friendly reminder that it's a good time for you to check in because I'm adding history sections to dozens of articles of Missouri towns, many of which you started.- Gilliam (talk) 05:37, 12 April 2014 (UTC)

WikiProject Fire Service
Hello and good afternoon (at least it is afternoon where I am). I was looking at the Wikipedian firefighters category and noticed that you are one of the members of the Wikipedia community that lists yourself as being a firefighter. First and foremost let me say thank you for your service. While I myself am not a firefighter, I do work as a photographer with multiple local fire departments. I am honored to have firefighters as some of my closest friends.

I have been taking an active role in the Fire Service WikiProject and am trying to recruit more members to this cause. If this is something you have any interest in, please let me know? You can leave me a message on my talk page. Obviously there is zero obligation. An interest can be anything from helping out with a couple of pages in your local area to helping to overhaul major templates, and anything in between.

Once again, thank you for your service. Hope to hear from you soon. Stay safe! --Zackmann08 (talk) 17:56, 10 April 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:03, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Castor Station, Missouri for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Castor Station, Missouri is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Castor Station, Missouri until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Hog Farm Bacon 19:36, 14 September 2020 (UTC)

Nomination of Aspenhoff, Missouri for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Aspenhoff, Missouri is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Aspenhoff, Missouri until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Hog Farm Talk 07:09, 11 November 2021 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Missouri 66D.PNG

The file File:Missouri 66D.PNG has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unused. Superseded by File:MO-66 (1948).svg."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. --Minorax «¦talk¦» 07:43, 29 July 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rt66lt


text:
Category:Music venue stubs

Stubs describing places where music is performed, such as nightclubs, auditoriums and concert sites, belong here.
 * For music events such as tours and competitions, use music-event-stub.
 * For music festivals, use music-festival-stub.
 * For recording studios, use recording-studio-stub.

title: Category:Music venue stubs


text:
Warburton, Greater Manchester

Warburton is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. Historically in Cheshire, it lies on the south bank of the River Mersey. The village remains predominantly rural. Altrincham is the nearest town. At the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 286.

Warburton has a history of settlement from the 11th century. There are 17 listed buildings in the village, including the timber framed Grade I Church of St Werburgh, which is at least 700 years old. Among the other listed buildings are examples of architect John Douglas' work, including the second Church of St Werburgh, built in 1883. In 2006, Time Team excavated land at Moss Brow Farm in Warburton, looking for a Roman fortlet. No evidence of a fortlet was found and the previously identified 'punic' ditch turned out to be the remains of an 18th-century hedgerow.

History
Some limited evidence has been found of activity on the site of Warburton dating from the Bronze Age, through the Iron Age and Roman periods; these include a flint blade, six Mesolithic tools, pieces of quernstone, and a snake bracelet. Archaeological evidence indicates that the area around Warburton has been used agriculturally since at least the Roman times. In the Domesday Book, the name was Warburgtune which name has evolved to today's 'Warburton'. The suffix –ton means a settlement or farmstead in Old English, indicating that the settlement has pre-Conquest origins. It has been suggested that Warburton was the site of an Anglo-Saxon burgh or defended settlement, possibly either called "Toppingburgh" orWeard byrig, established by Aethelflaed, Queen of the Mercians, in 915 during the wars with the Vikings. However, it now seems likely that site lay on the Wales–Cheshire border.

The first documented reference to Warburton occurs in the Domesday Book, where the two manors of Warburton were recorded; the manors were united by the late 12th century. Before the Norman conquest, the area was controlled by the Anglo-Saxon thegn Aelfward. Although the Domesday Book records no church in Warburton, it is possible that the church dedicated to Saint Werburgh is pre-Conquest. The omission of the church may not be significant, as not all pre-Conquest churches or chapels were recorded in the Domesday survey. The first documented evidence of a church in Warburton was in a deed of 1187, when it was a chapel of ease for the parish of Lymm. Warburton became a separate parish in the 13th century. The church is surrounded by a ditch and bank, probably dating to at least the 14th century. Warburton is also the site of a medieval priory, near the Church of St Werburgh; although the priory was only formed in the 13th century, it was dissolved in 1270.

Warburton was predominantly a farming village during the medieval period. The north western corner of the township was used as a deer park. Warburton grew as an agricultural town during the medieval period, and it remained almost untouched by the Industrial Revolution; this is reflected in the population change between 1801 and 1901, dropping from 466 to 403, with little variation at a time when the rest of Trafford was expanding rapidly.

Administration
The civil parish of Warburton was created in 1894, under the Local Government Act 1894 and has its own parish council. Warburton became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford in 1974 upon the borough's creation, but was previously in Bucklow Rural District. The village is part of the Bowdon electoral ward; as of the 2012 local elections the councillors for the Bowdon ward are all Conservative. Warburton lies in the Altrincham and Sale West constituency, which since its formation in 1997 has been represented in the House of Commons by the Conservative MP Sir Graham Brady.

Geography
The village of Lymm lies to the south west of Warburton in the borough of Warrington, with the River Bollin forming the border between the two villages. The Bollin joins the River Mersey in the village; however the Mersey in Warburton has dried up, as it was diverted into the Manchester Ship Canal further upstream. To the east lie Dunham Town, Dunham Massey, Bowdon and Altrincham, with Little Bollington to the south, and Partington and Urmston to the north. The local geology is lower keuper marl, with a ridge of sand and gravel running from Warburton to Dunham.

Transport
The main roads running through Warburton are the A6144 and B5159. A local bus service, 5 (operated by Warrington Borough Transport) links Warburton with Warrington and Altrincham. Formerly, the 38 (operated by Warrington Coachways) also used to serve the village.

Demography
At the 2001 UK census, Warburton had a total population of 286. For every 100 females, there were 121.7 males. The average household size was 2.44. Of those aged 16–74 in Warburton, 43.2% had no academic qualifications or one GCSE, similar to the figures for all of Trafford (40.8%) and in England (45.5%). According to the census, 1.40% were unemployed and 33.49% were economically inactive. 16.43% of the population were under the age of 16 and 6.64% were aged 75 and over; the mean age of the people of Warburton was 43.03. 69.34% of residents described their health as 'good'.

Churches
Warburton has two churches of note. St Werburgh's is a timber framed church and a Grade I Listed Building, one of six in Trafford. Of the 29 timber-framed churches that survive in England and Wales, St Werbugh's is one of the oldest. The church dates to at least the 14th century, and may be built on the site of an earlier Saxon chapel. It is rarely used for worship but is accessible to visitors. The church features an early-17th-century font, a Jacobean pulpit, and a 1645 altar. Nearby are the remains of the old village cross, complete with stocks whose wooden restraints are modern, though the supporting pillars are much older. The other church in Warburton, also dedicated to St Werburgh, was built in 1883 by John Douglas and is a Grade II Listed Building. The church is made of red sandstone with a clay tile roof.

Grade II listed buildings
As well as the two churches dedicated to Saint Werburgh, there are 15 other Grade II listed buildings. The parish rooms and caretaker's house were built in 1889, and designed by John Douglas. Also built in the village by Douglas was the post office in 1893, and Warburton School in 1871–72; this has been converted to a residence but still features crucks supporting the roof. Some farm buildings in Warburton are also listed, including the farmhouse on Moss Lane. The barn is 18th-century but features crucks which may be 17th-century or earlier. The timber framed farm building on Park Road is 17th-century in origin; the late-18th-century farmhouse on Warburton Lane was made with Flemish bond brick and has a slate roof. The barn on Paddock Lane dates from the 17th century. Also on Paddock Lane are two farmhouses: one was built in 1717 by Thomas Egerton and features an inglenook fireplace; the other is Wigsey Farmhouse which was originally built in the 17th century with later additions, including a 19th-century porch. The building on Warburton Lane near Villa Farmhouse was originally a timber-framed building from the 16th or early 17th century. The house features late-16th- or early-17th-century frescos of a woman, possibly St Werburgh, with two geese and a rose.

There is the base of a stone cross on Townfield Lane, and wooden stocks nearby, probably dating from the 17th century. One of the more unusual listed structures in Warburton is the 25 m stretch of wall constructed from flagstones, probably built in the 18th or 19th century. There are two listed structures in the grounds of the old Church of St Werburgh: a lychgate from the late 19th century, and a sundial from 1765.

Warburton Toll Bridge

Warburton Toll Bridge and Warburton Bridge Road form a privately-owned statutory tolled undertaking carrying a public highway upon which tolls are payable. The high-level cantilever bridge crosses the Manchester Ship Canal on the B5159 road, connecting the A57 with the A6144, and was commissioned under the Rixton and Warburton Bridge Act 1863 (c. lxiii). The original stone bridge spanned the River Mersey prior to its later diversion into the Manchester Ship Canal, over which a new bridge was built. Section 29 of the Rixton and Warburton Bridge Act 1863 established that if the Mersey and Irwell Navigation was upgraded to allow sea-going vessels, then the Rixton and Warburton Bridge Company would be responsible for all costs, including its ongoing maintenance.

Both bridges and the unadopted approach roads are privately maintained. It is one of the few remaining pre-motorway toll bridges in the United Kingdom, and the only one in Greater Manchester.

It is sometimes incorrectly claimed that the tolls are payable for crossing the now-defunct original River Mersey bridge, but section 48 of the Rixton and Warburton Bridge Act 1863 makes the toll payable for "passing over, along or upon the Bridge and Roads, or any of them, or any part thereof..." Section 9 of the Manchester Ship Canal (Various Powers) Act 1890 (53 & 54 Vict. c. ccxxvii) included the diversion of the original road and the new Ship Canal bridge within the scope of the toll charges.

The level of tolls was originally fixed, but can now be changed under the provisions of the Transport Charges &c. (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1954 (2 & 3 Eliz. 2. c. 64).

Time Team in Warburton
Since 1998, archaeological techniques such as field walking have led to the discovery of finds ranging in age from prehistoric flints and Bronze Age axe heads to Roman and late medieval finds. Featuring prominently amongst these finds were Roman artefacts including coins, brooches and a snake bracelet. At the invitation of local historian Jim Balme, Time Team excavated in Warburton in September 2006. They were searching for a Roman fortlet that previous archaeological digs by South Trafford Archaeological Group (STAG) indicated might be present. Though no evidence of a Roman fortlet was found, the discovery of strip lynchets indicates that there was a Romano-British farm in Warburton. The presence of Roman finds was explained as rubbish, mixed in with manure to be spread on the crops.

title: Warburton, Greater Manchester