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Talk:International Third Position

The hypocrisy is palpable, their antiZionism is just anti Jewish as they support Apartheid and White Nationalism, colonialism while opposing the Jewish Zionist State I don't object to characterizing International Third Position as neofascist or a form of national socialism and think those are accurate terms for the group. What I was objecting to was (1) the characterizing of International Third Position as part of the Third Way (UK) political party, which is factually inaccurate as they are two different groups; and (2) the characterization of Third Way (UK) as right-wing or neofascist in any sense. What we have here are two groups which resulted from a split in the British National Front in the 1980s, but that's the only connection. International Third Position still follows right-wing Strasserite ideology, Third Way (UK) has become essentially a group of the left and its leadership has renounced racism and fascism. Barring any evidence to the contrary, I'll take their word for it. Kaibabsquirrel 18:08, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * But since a number of critics argue that the Third Way (UK) is just another variation of right-wing populism or its more zealous cousin neofascism (social credit is a clue), then there has to be some way to state that in an NPOV way.--Cberlet 19:47, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Social credit does not automatically intersect with racism or neofascism. Anyway both of the articles now look acceptably NPOV in their present forms if they're okay with you. Kaibabsquirrel 20:23, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * True, true, but a clue for more digging. Indeed, both look fine, and your points are well taken.  Thanks for the edits.--Cberlet 00:08, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

manifesto?
I cut the manifesto below cos it wasn't wikified or placed in context, just looked like a text dump from a website. I'm not going to do work on it but if folk want to take the salient info to put in the article, here it is. Chaikney 15:09, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

The International Third Position 10 Point Declaration

The International Third Position is a spiritually motivated world view which rejects the received wisdom of the modern world that all peoples and cultures are doomed forever to choosing between Left and Right, Socialism and Capitalism. Based upon a sound knowledge of human nature and its interests, the Third Position does not seek an unviable centrism, but a mode of Thought and Action that truly transcends the sterile hatreds of the modern world. The Third Position, therefore, is the political creed of the twenty-first century.

1. THE PRIMACY OF SPIRIT. 2. THE MORAL ORDER. 3. OPPOSITION TO MATERIALISM. 4. ZIONISM AND THE PALESTINIAN PEOPLE. 5. THE IDEAL OF POPULAR RULE. 6. RACIAL AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY. 7. PRESERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT. 8. THE MENACE OF BANKERDOM. 9. A THIRD POSITION ON OWNERSHIP. 10. NATIONAL REVOLUTION WORLDWIDE.

1. THE PRIMACY OF SPIRIT. It is an integral part of our political tradition that Man is, self-evidently, a complex of Spirit and Matter, and that the primacy lies with the Spirit. Without an all-pervading spiritual revolution - a method of purification and improvement carried on by the individual for a life time - our militants will not differ in any essential sense from the degenerates who have given rise to the horrors of the modern world, and who have acted upon a purely materialist conception of Life and History. It is the belief of the Third Position that worldwide National Revolution can only be achieved by the moulding of a New Man, a militant who practises what he preaches. Such a New Man must embody our ideal in such a way that he acts in himself as the highest form of propaganda for the Third Position in the community in which he lives and works. It is equally the belief of the Third Position that the splendour of Europe, viewed historically and culturally, has its roots in the doctrine and practice of the Christian Faith. If, therefore, Europe is to regain its sense of Destiny and Mission, it must return sincerely and wholeheartedly to the Faith. As each individual develops his spiritual qualities, Europe will move forward thereby to a New Imperium.

2. THE MORAL ORDER.

Since the degeneracy of the modern world is founded upon immorality and amorality, it stands to reason that a regenerate world can only be built upon Moral Order and Christian standards of living. The Third Position believes that it is vital that people understand that, contrary to the propaganda of the mass media of contemporary society, there does exist Right and Wrong, Truth and Falsehood, Good and Bad in our world, and not a range of equally valid opinions and choices as materialists claim. Moral Order, to have any real meaning, is necessarily founded upon the immutable principle that only Truth has rights. Since the Family is the primary element and centre of any healthy society, it follows that its strength and unity are essential to the stability, happiness and development of the Nation in all its aspects, material and spiritual. For this reason, the Third Position opposes any and all agencies and policies which seek to restrict, undermine or destroy Family Life in any way whatsoever. Furthermore, we believe that healthy societies and large families go hand in hand; consequently, we believe that the State is duty bound to do all in its power to make large families the norm in our society. The Third Position asserts that it is wholly opposed to the "legalization" of Abortion, artificial birth control, Euthanasia, Divorce, Homosexuality, Genetic Experimentation on Humans at any age and Vivisection, since they contravene God's Law and Objective Truth in the most blatant manner, and wholly negate the life-giving principles of the Third Position as an Ideology and Way of Life. The Third Position likewise asserts that for this Moral Order to come into being, it is vital that the young, as well as future generations, are taught not merely book knowledge, but also the path of self-sacrifice and spiritual perfection, which give rise to individuals that are virtuous and honourable. By such means, we will raise a people qualitatively superior in all respects to the increasingly dehumanized hordes deliberately being turned out by contemporary "education".

3. OPPOSITION TO MATERIALISM.

The French Revolution of 1789 was the primary event which thrust philosophical materialism onto the world stage. In the intervening two centuries, the power of Organized Naturalism in all its diverse forms - that is to say, the systematic tendency to deny in theory and practice the reality of Soul and Spirit - has grown steadily to the point that it now threatens to engulf the entire world. Materialism in its war with the Spirit has taken on many forms; some have promoted its goals with great subtlety, whilst others have done so with an alarming lack of subtlety, but all have added, in greater or lesser measure, to the growing misery of Mankind. The forms which have done the most damage in our time may be enumerated as: Freemasonry, Liberalism, Nihilism, Capitalism, Socialism, Marxism, Imperialism, Anarchism, Modernism and the New Age. Each of these creeds - materialist at base - is philosophically wrong and discredited in practice. Thus, the Third Position condemns them all unreservedly, and affirms that opposition to all forms of Materialism is central to the ideology of the Third Position.

4. ZIONISM AND THE PALESTINIAN PEOPLE.

Zionism as an organized political movement is little more than a century old, and yet in that time it has built a power structure of colossal proportions that straddles the globe. This structure includes not only the illegal Israeli regime, set up on the stolen land of Palestine, but also the power bases that Zionists have constructed in the spheres of Politics, Economics and the Media, especially in the USA and Europe. Needless to say, this power structure exists to serve and extend the interests of International Jewry, and this can only be done at the expense of the indigenous populations who have lost control of their countries to this discriminatory creed. In Palestine, Zionist control has taken on a brutal and overt form, whilst in the West it has tended to be a great deal more subtle in its methods; but methods aside, the result is the same. Whilst the Zionist colossus exists, our nations are being denied their right to national self-determination. It is an intolerable position, and one that cannot. The Third Position affirms that it is resolutely opposed to the political, economic and territorial imperialism of the Zionist movement, and proclaims that all peoples have a right to determine their destiny unmolested, directly or indirectly, by the Zionist power. The Third Position also rejects the Arafat Puppet State that has been set up at the behest of the powers that be behind the New World Order, since its very existence negates the core belief of the Palestinian National Movement: that the whole of Palestine be governed by its true inhabitants, the Palestinians. Any Treaty, any political diversion, which denies this principle in its integrity is necessarily unjust, and must be opposed by all those who seek True Peace and Justice.

5. THE IDEAL OF POPULAR RULE. It is a core belief of the Third Position that harmony and peace within nations and between nations can only be truly attempted if each nation seeks to create an essential unity that transcends sectional or vested interests. For far too long the destiny of nations has been the plaything of corrupt political parties, power cliques and outright tyrants; it is now more urgent than ever that the material and spiritual integrity of the Nation and Culture comes into its own. It is the belief of the Third Position that this vital unity can only be achieved through the implementation of a thorough-going programme of decentralization, particularly in the political sphere where power continues to be centralized day by day. This programme of political decentralization we call Popular Rule. In its essence, it is a system of self-government by the people which starts at the level of the lowest socially viable unit, and extends through a series of organically linked structures to the national level. It is the direct participation of the entire adult population in the decision-making process - local, regional and national - and draws its strength from the fact that the entire people express their wishes and have these acted upon by duly appointed delegates. However, the people themselves must act within the Moral Order if their wishes are to be valid; that is to say, the people do not make the "truth" by voting, rather their political actions must conform to Objective Truth. If this were not so, we would be confronted by a crass majoritarianism where "truth" would vary from one day to the next, according to the mood of the people. Beyond the Individual, there will exist two distinct institutions whose tasks will include the upholding of the rights of Truth. Firstly, the State seen not merely as an economic entity, but one also possessed of political and social powers and duties.

The Third Position asserts that all healthy societies are built upon recognition of God's Law and the rights of Truth, and not upon the civil constitutions and Bills of Rights that have been foisted upon us by vested interests striving to promote liberalism and relativism. It is foreseen that the clear enunciation of Moral principles by the Church will assist the citizen in daily, secular duties - to the benefit of Church, Society and Individual.

6. RACIAL AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY.

That the human species is comprised of a patchwork of differing races and cultures is a matter of commonsense, and yet there are, incredibly, those who would destroy this richness and diversity in humanity in order to replace it with a rootless mass, lacking identity and history. In such a nightmare world the very words Race, Nation and Culture would cease to have any meaning at all. In other words, this forced multi-racism is seeking to destroy the living soil within which all peoples have their roots, their identity, their being. The Third Position rejects any and all attempts to impose this inhuman conformity on Mankind, whether it be advanced by slick television propaganda, or at the point of a gun. The Third Position insists that it is both healthy and divinely ordained that people should have a genuine love and preference for their own kind; it likewise insists that this healthy instinct must be complemented by a sincere respect for those of differing race and culture who act upon the same principle. As a consequence, the Third Position supports the concept of Racial Separatism whereby different peoples and cultures co-operate in an atmosphere of respect and understanding to their mutual benefit, preserving one another from the abyss of multi-racism. In the struggle to preserve human diversity, resettlement of races to their countries of origin will play a major role, and will directly aid the struggle to build a more peaceful world.

7. PRESERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT.

Every sane individual, wherever in the world he may be, wishes to live in an environment that is both beautiful and healthy. Given that the membership of the Third Position is drawn increasingly from across the globe, it follows that it is committed to ensuring that all nations and cultures act to preserve the beauty and balance of the world that we all share, to our mutual benefit. However, this desire does not necessitate the creation of all-powerful global police bodies - as eco-fanatics and New Agers advocate - but rather the creation of a real and genuine understanding between nations of one another's needs. The flora, fauna and great waterways of the world exist in a complex and dynamic relationship, a relationship that allows Mankind to live and develop. It is clearly in the interests of all to preserve this life-giving relationship. For this reason, the Third Position affirms that it will act as a body to restrain the destruction of our common home, whether it be through the greed of the capitalist corporation; the mania for industrialization of Socialism; the rapacity of the international banking houses; or our would-be masters of the New World Order. Man has the primacy over Nature by divine right, but that primacy is one of stewardship and husbandry, and the passing on to future generations of a better world than the one inherited. The Third Position believes that in a sane social order there is a vital balance to be struck between Ruralism and Urbanism. In and of itself, Ruralism is by far the healthier, for it possesses all that is essential to life, but this does not detract from the fact that a complementary urbanism - made up of hamlets, villages, market towns, centres of non-polluting technological advance, light industry and research institutes - can add much of use and benefit to human existence. This balance between Ruralism and Urbanism is held to be central to the worldview of the Third Position, for it determines, directly or indirectly, so much else of the programme of the Third Position.

8. THE MENACE OF BANKERDOM. No rational person could seriously deny that Money, the love of it and the scramble for it, dominates the modern world in a degree hitherto unknown in the history of Mankind. Increasingly, the very right to existence of individuals, families, communities, regions, nations and cultures is determined by an alleged "economic viability", as though Money was the sole standard of importance in all the crucial questions of Life. In other words, Money, which was originally no more than a useful means of facilitating life in an increasingly complex society, has come to be the Judge of all things in Life and Society. Such a perversion of True Order has, not surprisingly, wrought misery and horror on a grotesque scale: cynically provoked wars; famines; pollution; genocide; grinding poverty; social manipulation; crass consumerism; youth suicide; widespread alcoholism; disintegrating families. The Third Position asserts that Money is nothing more than a lowly servant of Man and Society, a servant that must be compelled to work for the Common Good of all, both within and between nations. It further asserts that since the modern Banking System is practising the most refined usury the world has ever known, it follows that we will campaign for its destruction, and replace it with a social banking system based on Sound Money. As a result, all debt, be it domestic, national or international, which springs from usury will be cancelled without compensation, and the bank owners will be compelled to make restitution to their unfortunate victims. The Third Position believes that International Finance is one of the greatest evils of the modern world, and thus is intrinsically hostile to the programme of the Third Position.

9. A THIRD POSITION ON OWNERSHIP. The Third Position believes that there is a mode of ownership - in industry, in agriculture, in domestic circles - which goes far beyond the inhuman and unjust concentration wrought by both Capitalism and Socialism, and which apart from being pre-eminently practical is also perfectly natural, and in accordance with human nature. In the English-speaking world, this alternative is known as Distributism, an alternative developed and popularized by two fine English writers, Hilaire Belloc and G.K. Chesterton. This form of ownership occurs in an economy which is decentralized to the smallest, viable unit and thus results in a plethora of producer and service co-operatives, small businesses, craft workshops, Guild structures, artisanal associations, small holdings, family firms and family farms. It is a mode of ownership which promotes individual initiative and creativity, and yet does so only within the framework of the Common Good. It is the natural conjunction of Individual Freedom with Social Justice. Given the total failure of Socialism, with its unnatural bureaucracy and inefficiency, and given the exploitation and gross inequality that result from Capitalism's so-called "Free Market", it is evident that Distributism is going to be the socio-economic creed of the twenty-first century.

10. NATIONAL REVOLUTION WORLDWIDE. It is because the Third Position seeks to build a New Social Order that it recognizes that all peoples and cultures, who adhere to the basic tenets of the Third Position, must work together closely in an air of mutual trust and support. Since the victory of a National Revolution in one part of the world is a victory for all Third Positionists, it follows that each affiliated member must be prepared to give moral, financial or technical assistance, where possible, should a revolutionary situation emerge in any given country. Parochialism in an age when the One World Ideology is striding to total victory is a complete negation of everything we profess, and thus is vigorously rejected by the Third Position. Source: The Third Position Handbook, pp 8-14. 1997 The Third Position - This article is confused between the party, and the ideology. As there are several organisations that are third positionist (and third positionist links here) I suggest we split the article into one on the party and one on the ideology. Secretlondon 20:08, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

GrumpyTroll trolling - NPOV
GrumpyTroll has repeatedly replaced the description "right-wing" by "left-wing" in the introduction. i'm putting in an NPOV dispute tag to hear other people's interpretations. GrumpyTroll - if you are a troll, then you should leave the wikipedia. If you wish to help build the wikipedia, then please explain why you wish to put the left-wing label here in contradiction to the externally referenced facts in the article. Boud 17:06, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Me, trolling? I am not a troll. I wish to put the left-wing label there, because it better describes the British National Party's ideology than the right-wing label, as very rightly expressed by Lord Tebbit. Grumpy Troll (talk) 18:25, 13 August 2006 (UTC).

Correction: The first line of the British National Front article has the adjective far right. If you think that that is inaccurate, then please discuss that with people working on the BNF page, not here. Please read WP:NPOV and WP:NOR. Thanks. Boud 17:11, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I believe that is innacurate, but I simply cannot be bothered to discuss than with bigoted lefties who which to associate the racist, leftist BNP and the Right. Grumpy Troll (talk) 18:25, 13 August 2006 (UTC).
 * If you wish to support your claim that the BNF is left-wing "as expressed by Lord Tebbit", then you are going to have to discuss that with whoever works on the British National Front page and provide an external reference on that page and come to a WP:NPOV over there. If there is consensus to change the summary on that page, then you can come back here and bring a few words from the NPOV summary here. Boud 18:55, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

GrumpyTroll clearly does not know what left and right wing mean or he wouldn't do this. Of course he doesn't want to discuss with "bigoted lefties" - they know what left means and know the BNP isn't. Suggest removal of the NPOV tag, and keep a good watch on BNP avtivists trying to shift their place in the political spectrum in WIkipedia. Emeraude 18:58, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:International Third Position


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Talk:British Legalise Cannabis Campaigns

VfD
Suggested to merge somewhere.
 * Votes for deletion/British Legalise Cannabis Campaigns
 * Votes for deletion/United Kingdom Cannabis Internet Activists

Name of Article
Just as The Times newspaper never needs to distinguish itself, being the first of that name, the LCC was never known as the BRITISH LCC. It was just plain old LCC. This is therefore misleading for those wishing to refer to any article on them. Suggest delete or expand to actually carry some details of the group and its activities. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jatrius (talk • contribs) 09:12, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Montreal Insectarium

The Montreal Insectarium (Insectarium de Montréal) is a natural history museum located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, featuring a large quantity of insects from all around the world. It is the largest insect museum in North America and among the largest insectariums worldwide. It was founded by Georges Brossard and opened on February 7, 1990. Its average attendance is 400,000 visitors per year. It displays both live and dead insect collections, from butterflies to bees and ants.

It is one of the city's most popular tourist attractions, along with the Montreal Botanical Garden, Planetarium and the Montreal Biodome.

Seen from the sky, the Montreal Insectarium resembles a stylized insect. This can also be seen from the observatory of Montreal's Olympic Stadium.

Affiliations
The Museum is affiliated with: CMA, CHIN, and Virtual Museum of Canada.

title: Montreal Insectarium


text: User talk:4.185.108.173

title: User talk:4.185.108.173


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Duver

A duver (pronounced to rhyme with Cover; occasionally spelt as dover) is an Isle of Wight dialect term for a low-lying piece of land along the coast, subject to occasional inundation by the sea.

The name has become part of place names on the Isle of Wight, for example Dover Street in Ryde is the street which used to run down to the duver.

The word survives in the names of coastal areas at St Helens Duver, Seaview Duver and Hamstead Dover.

There are relatively few dunes on the Isle of Wight, and some have been reclaimed or otherwise lost, meaning that some places which bear the name duver are no longer sand dunes. The largest surviving example is St Helens Duver.

title: Duver


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Ahwahnee, California

Ahwahnee is a census-designated place in Madera County, California, United States. It is located 5.25 mi west of Yosemite Forks, at an elevation of 2326 ft. The population was 2,296 at the 2020 census.

Ahwahnee is hilly and located in the Sierra Nevada. The ZIP Code is 93601. The community is inside area code 559. It is part of the Madera–Chowchilla Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The Ahwahnee post office opened in 1893 to 1896. The name, "Ahwahnee", is derived from the Southern Sierra Miwok word awwo, which in English means "mouth". The Gertrude post office was transferred to and renamed "Ahwahnee" in 1900, closed in 1907, and re-opened in 1917.

A massive wildfire in 1961, called the Harlow Fire, destroyed 50 of Ahwahnee's 60 buildings. While the community as a whole recovered, two Ahwahnee residents were killed in the fire when their car became stuck on an unpaved road as they fled.

2010
At the 2010 census Ahwahnee had a population of 2,246. The population density was 224.1 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Ahwahnee was 2,064 (91.9%) White, 6 (0.3%) African American, 30 (1.3%) Native American, 16 (0.7%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 38 (1.7%) from other races, and 92 (4.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 196 people (8.7%).

The census reported that 2,240 people (99.7% of the population) lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and 6 (0.3%) were institutionalized.

There were 898 households, 218 (24.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 541 (60.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 87 (9.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 46 (5.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 45 (5.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 21 (2.3%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 170 households (18.9%) were one person and 105 (11.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.49. There were 674 families (75.1% of households); the average family size was 2.81.

The age distribution was 421 people (18.7%) under the age of 18, 166 people (7.4%) aged 18 to 24, 396 people (17.6%) aged 25 to 44, 705 people (31.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 558 people (24.8%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 49.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.

There were 1,030 housing units at an average density of 102.8 per square mile, of the occupied units 711 (79.2%) were owner-occupied and 187 (20.8%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.9%. 1,737 people (77.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 503 people (22.4%) lived in rental housing units.

title: Ahwahnee, California


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Artur Pinga

Artur de Sousa, known by his nickname Pinga (July 30, 1909 – July 12, 1963) was a Portuguese footballer and later coach who made his name at FC Porto, where he served until his death in 1963.

Playing career
Pinga played as forward or inside left and achieved nationwide fame at CS Marítimo. In 1930 he earned his first call-up to the national team, and in the same year joined FC Porto, and became the key player of the victories in the Campeonato de Portugal (the predecessor to the Cup of Portugal), in 1931/32 and 1936/37. He was still a playing for Porto when the forerunner of the current Primeira Liga was established, where he was champion in the first two years of the competition, in 1938/39 and 1939/40.

He retired in 1946 after a meniscus surgery, when such operations still carried many risks. During his career he was considered the best national player ever, scoring 394 goals in 400 games. He only played for two clubs, Marítimo and FC Porto.

International career
He was capped 21 times for Portugal, scoring 9 goals over 12 years (1930–1942). On 5 May 1935, Pinga scored two late goals against Spain to complete an iconic comeback, from 3-0 down up to 3-3. On 16 March 1941, he scored his last international goal against Spain in a 5-1 loss.

Coaching career
In his first season as a football manager, he caused a massive upset when Tirsense knocked out Sporting in the Portuguese Cup. He then managed Sanjoanense and Gouveia before returning to FC Porto as assistant manager.

He died in 1963, while serving as a youth team coach in Porto.

Legacy
He was idolized by José Maria Pedroto, who would become another major star in the Porto side. Both had their name suggested to the Estádio do Dragão. One of the most important sportsmen born in the Madeira Islands (some say his legacy lives on modern star Cristiano Ronaldo), he has a street named after him in his hometown Funchal.

International goals

 * ''Portugal score listed first, score column indicates score after each Pinga goal.

Club

 * Porto
 * Primeira Liga (3): 1934–35, 1938–39, 1939–40
 * Campeonato de Portugal (2): 1931–32, 1936–37

Individual

 * Bola de Prata: 1935–36

title: Artur Pinga


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Douglas Bennett

Douglas or Doug Bennett may refer to:

 * Douglas Bennett (canoeist) (1918–2008), Canadian flatwater canoeist
 * Douglas Bennett (cricketer, born 1886) (1886–1982), South African cricketer
 * Douglas Bennett (cricketer, born 1912) (1912–1984), South African cricketer
 * Douglas C. Bennett (born 1946), American academic
 * Douglas J. Bennet (1938–2018), president of Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, United States
 * Doug Bennett (footballer) (1894–1975), Australian footballer
 * Doug Bennett (Michigan politician) (1945–2021), American politician in the Michigan House of Representatives
 * Doug Bennett (musician) (1951–2004), Canadian musician

title: Douglas Bennett


text: Category:Chambers of commerce

title: Category:Chambers of commerce


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Korenica

Korenica is a village in Lika, Croatia, located in the municipality of Plitvička Jezera, on the D1 road between Plitvice and Udbina. According to 2011 census it has 1,766 residents. It is the seat of the Plitvička Jezera Municipality.

In SFR Yugoslavia it was named Titova Korenica after Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito. The population consists of local ethnic Croats and Serbs, and there are also Croats from Bosnia who moved to Croatia after the Croatian War for Independence.

Korenica has one elementary school and one high school.

History
The 1712 census of Lika and Krbava records that 119 Vlach (i.e. Serb Orthodox Christian) families live in Korenica. Until 1918, Korenica was part of the Austrian monarchy (Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Lika-Krbava County) after the compromise of 1867), in the Croatian Military Frontier, administered by the Kommando Ottotschaner Regiment N°II before 1881. A post-office was opened in 1862.

Demographics
1991 census:

 * Serbs	1,519 / 88.51%
 * Yugoslavs 84 / 4.89%
 * Croats	49 / 2.85%
 * Albanians 4 / 0.23%
 * Muslims 3 / 0.17%
 * Italians 2 / 0.11%
 * Hungarians 2 / 0.11%
 * Slovenians 1 / 0.05%
 * Montenegrins 1 / 0.05%
 * undeclared 15 / 0.87%
 * unknown	36 / 2.09%

 * NOTE: Population figures for the period 1857–1880 also include population figures for the following settlements: Drakulić Rijeka, Gradina Korenička, Homoljac, Jasikovac, Kalebovac, Kompolje Koreničko, Mihaljevac, Oravac, Ponor Korenički, Šeganovac, Vranovača and Vrpile.

Sights

 * Saint George's Catholic Church
 * Site of the Monument to the fallen partisan soldiers and civilian victims of fascism during the National Liberation War (WWII) from the Lika region, in Bijeli Potoci (destroyed around 2008)
 * Ruins of the Serbian Orthodox Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel, destroyed in 1943

Notable people

 * Vasilije Đerić
 * Srđan Žakula

title: Korenica


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Neeraj Sirdeshmukh

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy deleted. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:00, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC) a


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Frank Lampard Sr.

Frank Richard George Lampard (born 20 September 1948) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back. He played most of his career for West Ham United, had a brief spell with Southend United, and was capped twice for the England national team. He is the father of former Chelsea midfielder and manager Frank Lampard, and is often referred to as "Frank Lampard Senior" or "Frank Senior" when there is a chance of confusion between the two.

Early life
Lampard was born in East Ham, Essex, in 1948 to Frank Richard Lampard (born 1920) and Hilda D. Stiles (born 1928). He has a sister, Gwendoline, who is a year younger than him. He was only five years old when his father died in 1953, aged 33.

Club career
Lampard started for the youth team of West Ham United in 1964. He debuted for West Ham United in November 1967 in a 3–2 home defeat by Manchester City, and quickly established himself in his preferred left-back position. Lampard was awarded a testimonial game by West Ham on 2 November 1976; a West Ham XI playing Fulham at the Boleyn Ground resulting in a 3–1 win for West Ham.

At club level, he won two FA Cups with West Ham, in 1975 and 1980, and the old second division title in 1981. By the time he left the club on a free transfer at the end of the 1984–85 season, Lampard had played 660 games, scored 22 goals and become one of the most celebrated players to pull on the claret and blue shirt. He wore the number 3.

He moved to Southend United for the 1985–86 season, then managed by another ex-West Ham star Bobby Moore, and made 38 appearances for the Essex club before retiring.

International career
At international level, Lampard won four England Under-23 caps, and debuted for the England senior national team against Yugoslavia in October 1972.

Managerial career
From 1994 to 2001 he returned to West Ham to serve as assistant manager under Harry Redknapp, his brother-in-law.

On 24 November 2008, Lampard was appointed as a football consultant to new Watford manager Brendan Rodgers. and then followed Rodgers to Reading in June 2009 to take up a similar role at the Madejski Stadium in June 2009. Lampard left Reading when Rodgers departed by mutual consent on 17 December 2009.

Personal life
Lampard was married to Patricia Harris before her death on 24 April 2008 following complications from pneumonia. They had three children named Natalie, Claire and Frank Jr, who was also a professional footballer and manager. Patricia's twin sister is Sandra Redknapp, wife of English football manager Harry Redknapp. He is also the uncle to former England and Premier League player Jamie Redknapp. In 2019, Lampard became the landlord of The Nightingale public house in Wanstead, London.

Honours
West Ham United
 * FA Cup: 1974–75, 1979–80
 * Second Division: 1980–81

title: Frank Lampard Sr.


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Frontier Developments

Frontier Developments plc. is a British video game developer founded by David Braben in January 1994 and based at the Cambridge Science Park in Cambridge, England. Frontier develops management simulators Planet Coaster and Planet Zoo, and has produced several games in David Braben's Elite series, including Elite Dangerous. The company takes its name from the earliest titles in the Elite series with which it was involved, a port of Frontier: Elite II and development of Frontier: First Encounters. In 2013, the company was listed on the AIM segment of the London Stock Exchange. It published third-party games under the Frontier Foundry label between 2019 and 2022.

History
Frontier Developments' first game was the 1993 Amiga CD32 port of Frontier: Elite II followed by Frontier: First Encounters, second sequel to the 1984 game Elite by Acornsoft. David Braben owned all rights to Elite assigned to the company in 2008.

Between 2005 and 2011, Frontier developed The Outsider, an action-adventure game set in Washington DC that Braben said would advance video game storytelling. The Outsider was cancelled in January 2011 after it was dropped by the publisher, Codemasters, leading to nearly 30 staff layoffs.

Frontier had been planning a new Elite sequel, under the working title Elite 4, since 1998. The company completed a successful Kickstarter campaign at the end of 2012, where the new sequel's name Elite: Dangerous was revealed. Early-access versions of the game have been playable by backers since December 2013. The full game was released to PC on 16 December 2014.

Frontier Developments has made many other games, including Dog's Life, Thrillville, and RollerCoaster Tycoon 3. The company also made games for the Wallace and Gromit franchise, and has released Wallace & Gromit in Project Zoo, and a tie-in game for Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit. In 2008, Frontier released LostWinds, a launch title for Nintendo's WiiWare platform. It was followed up with a sequel in 2009, entitled LostWinds: Winter of the Melodias. In 2010, Frontier developed Kinectimals for Microsoft's Kinect controller on the Xbox 360. In 2011 Kinect Disneyland Adventures and Kinectimals: Now With Bears were developed, along with ports of LostWinds for iOS and Kinectimals for iOS and Windows Phone. In 2012, Frontier released Coaster Crazy, and started to work on Elite: Dangerous Kickstarter, which successfully closed at the start of 2013. In 2013, Frontier released Xbox One and Xbox 360 exclusive Zoo Tycoon, published by Microsoft Studios, and launched backers alpha for Elite: Dangerous in December. In 2015 the company released Screamride, a theme park construction and management simulation game for the Xbox 360 and Xbox One. The company has recently released Planet Coaster, a construction and management simulation video game similar to the RollerCoaster Tycoon franchise. The game is the second major self-published franchises from Frontier along with the Elite series. Frontier announced that they will begin self-publishing all their future games, starting with Planet Coaster.

Frontier opened a North American studio in August 2012 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada under the name Frontier Developments Inc. and headed by David Walsh. It closed in January 2015.

On 3 January 2017 TMZ reported that the company sued Atari for not paying the company enough for royalties for their game RollerCoaster Tycoon 3; Frontier reported that they only received $1.17 million when they needed $3.37 million. David Walsh confirmed the report in a GameSpot interview, stating that they had previously attempted to resolve the issue without legal action since April 2016. On 6 February 2017 Frontier announced that they had acquired licensing rights from Universal Pictures to be used in their third self-published title, an "enduring movie franchise of global renown". This was later announced to be Jurassic World Evolution, which released on 12 June 2018. On 26 July 2017 the company announced Frontier Expo 2017, a press and community event focusing on Elite: Dangerous, Planet Coaster, and Jurassic World Evolution. The event took place on 7 October 2017 at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, London, UK. In July 2017, Tencent, a Chinese investment company, bought a 9% share in the company.

On 10 March 2020, Frontier announced that they had signed an agreement with Formula One to develop and release several management simulation games based on the F1 license. In this agreement, Frontier will release four games, starting from F1 Manager 2022 in 2022. On 10 June 2021, Frontier announced Jurassic World Evolution 2 a sequel to their 2018 park builder game would be releasing in late 2021. On 10 Mar 2022, Frontier announced they were cancelling all development of their latest version of Elite Dangerous, Odyssey, on consoles.

On 10 August 2022, Frontier announced David Braben was to step down from the position of CEO and take on a newly established executive role of President and Founder. Jonny Watts who has been with the company for 24 years, the last decade of which in the position of Chief Creative Officer was to become the new CEO. The changes were effective immediately. It was also announced that David Gammon would be retiring from his role as Chairman in December 2022 and David Wilton would take on this role at that time. On 2 November 2022, Frontier announced that they had completed an acquisition of Complex Games following on from the success of Warhammer 40,000: Chaos Gate - Daemonhunters which was published under the Frontier Foundry label six months prior.

On 17 October 2023, Frontier announced it would lay off an ‘unknown number of staff’ in an organisational review.

Publishing
In June 2019, Frontier announced that it would begin publishing games from third-party developers under a new label named Frontier Publishing. At Gamescom 2020, Frontier announced that their publishing label would be renamed to "Frontier Foundry", and that it would publish Struggling from Chasing Rats in 2020, and Lemnis Gate from Ratloop Games in 2021. They would also publish an upcoming project from Haemimont Games. This game was revealed to be named Stranded: Alien Dawn which initially released as an Early Access title on Steam in October 2022, with a full release anticipated during 2023.

On 13 June 2021, Frontier announced Lemnis Gate would be released on 3 August 2021 with an open beta being scheduled for July 2021. On 3 June 2021 during the Games Workshop Warhammer Skulls event, Frontier announced they would be publishing a reboot to the 1998 turn based game Warhammer 40,000: Chaos Gate named Warhammer 40,000: Chaos Gate - Daemonhunters. The reboot is to be developed by Canadian developer Complex Games and published under the Frontier Foundry label. It is set to release in 2022.

Additionally Frontier announced a sequel to  Lone Sails named  Changing Tides, developed by Okomotive and published under the Frontier Foundry label. The game was released in March 2022. Deliver Us Mars, set ten years after the events of Deliver Us The Moon, was announced as part of the Future Games Show Spring Showcase on March 24, 2022. It features a new protagonist who reactivates her companion robot after an apparent ship crash on the planet of Mars. Deliver Us Mars is set to launch on both Epic Games Store and Steam PC storefronts, as well as Xbox Series X|S, Xbox One, PS5, and PS4 consoles. The Great War: Western Front, a Real Time Strategy game developed by Petroglyph Games was announced as part of the Future Games Show during Gamescom on August 24, 2022. It launched on the Epic Games Store and Steam PC storefronts in March 2023.

On 14 June 2023 it was announced that a review into the performance of Frontier Foundry concluded to cease all future third party publishing efforts due to disappointing financial performance, with most games releasing under the label failing to become profitable within one year of release. It was stated that games already released would continue to be supported but no further games would release under the label. Instead future funding that was to be allocated for this purpose would be diverted to producing games internally.

Frontier released Warhammer Age of Sigmar: Realms of Ruin on November 17, 2023. Realms of Ruin flopped with a drop in concurrent players and lackluster sales. Frontier shares plunged 20%. Attempts to widen their game portfolio didn't achieve the anticipated success in the past 5 years. Frontier stated it will refocus on creative management simulation (CMS) games.

On 15 March 2024, Frontier announced that the publishing rights to RollerCoaster Tycoon 3 would be sold back to Atari, Inc. This was confirmed by their parent Atari SA on 2 April.

title: Frontier Developments


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Albion, California

Albion is a census-designated place in Mendocino County, California, United States. It is located 15 mi south of Fort Bragg, at an elevation of 174 ft. Albion had a population of 153 at the 2020 census.

Toponym
Albion was named in 1844, as a reference to when Sir Francis Drake landed on the northern California coast and called it "New Albion". Albion was an ancient name for Britain, from the Latin word albus, meaning "white", a reference to the White Cliffs of Dover.

Geography
Albion lies directly on California's State Route 1 (Shoreline Highway) north of Elk and south of Mendocino and Little River. It lies just north of the intersection of State Route 1 with State Route 128. Albion Ridge Road leads east from the town center. The side roads on Albion Ridge Road are labeled from B through Q. The nearest beaches include Navarro Beach to the south and Handley Beach at the head of Albion Ridge Road.

Vegetation includes coastal headlands, with California redwood forests and pygmy forests nearby.

Albion has two bridges, one spanning the Albion River and the other Little Salmon Creek. The Albion River Bridge, built in 1944 when steel and concrete were in short supply, remains as the last wooden bridge still in use on State Route 1.

The ZIP Code is 95410. The community is inside area code 707.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 1.85 sqmi, of which 0.04 sqmi, or 2.0%, are water.

Schools
The town belongs to the Mendocino Unified School District, and children attend Albion Elementary School or Mendocino K-8 School until third grade, then Mendocino K-8 School and Mendocino High School.

The Albion Biological Field Station, a facility of Pacific Union College (a private Seventh-day Adventist college) is located in Albion, on the south bank of the Albion River; it offers college biology courses to Pacific Union students as well as shorter courses for elementary and high school students and seniors.

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that Albion had a population of 168. The population density was 90.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Albion was 150 (89.3%) White, 1 (0.6%) African American, 4 (2.4%) Native American, 5 (3.0%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 0 (0.0%) from other races, and 8 (4.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4 persons (2.4%).

The Census reported that 156 people (92.9% of the population) lived in households, 12 (7.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 82 households, out of which 13 (15.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 20 (24.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 8 (9.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 5 (6.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 8 (9.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (1.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 36 households (43.9%) were made up of individuals, and 15 (18.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.90. There were 33 families (40.2% of all households); the average family size was 2.55.

The population was spread out, with 20 people (11.9%) under the age of 18, 10 people (6.0%) aged 18 to 24, 40 people (23.8%) aged 25 to 44, 64 people (38.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 34 people (20.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.5 males.

There were 112 housing units at an average density of 60.4 /sqmi, of which 54 (65.9%) were owner-occupied, and 28 (34.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 17.6%. 105 people (62.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 51 people (30.4%) lived in rental housing units.

Politics
In the state legislature, Albion is in, and.

Federally, Albion is in.

title: Albion, California


text:
User talk:Afro Squirrel

This is my talk page, and welcome to it.

RE: WikiProject Anime and manga participantion
You are listed at a participant of WikiProject Anime and manga. A recent change in how participants are listed — using a category — will result in your inadvertent removal from the project. If you wish to continue your participantion, please check the the project page for details on how to add yourself back to the project. --TheFarix 00:15, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Afro Squirrel


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yrrem

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Eugene van der Pijll 18:10, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Yrrem
Seems to be a spoof. No mention of this product found in any online source except Wikipedia. Name claimed to derive from non-existent Yiddish word "Y'Rem"; happens to be English "merry" spelled backwards. Main ingredient is non-existent "Yppah-root extract" ("happy" backwards). Also alleged to contain "essence of sperm whale", a non-existent product (though spermaceti and ambergris are real and halfway plausible in context). Claimed to be illegal because of its (implied to be genuine) aphrodisiac effects. 129.97.79.144 18:20, 30 May 2005 (UTC) In that case, MRJ, where can I buy some?129.97.79.144 16:06, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC) i have this and so do lots of other people... stop being ignorant. keep this article. User:pussycat 19:22, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. But where can I get some Yppah root? Rlw (Talk) 19:04, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - total rubbish. UkPaolo 20:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NeoJustin 03:15, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense. Megan1967 10:01, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep it actually is a fragrance and purposely supposed to sound like that... DO NOT DELETE. MRJ 16:21, 3 June 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yrrem


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Crash Dive

Crash Dive is a World War II film in Technicolor released in 1943. It was directed by Archie Mayo, written by Jo Swerling (from a story by W.R. Burnett), and starred Tyrone Power, Dana Andrews, and Anne Baxter. The film was the last for Power before assignment to recruit training, as he had already enlisted in the United States Marine Corps.

Plot
Lieutenant Ward Stewart, commanding a PT boat, sinks a U-boat, saving a lifeboat full of survivors. Upon his return to port, he is unwillingly transferred by his uncle, Admiral Stewart, to the submarine USS Corsair as its new executive officer due to a shortage of trained submarine officers. Stewart, USNA Class of 1936 and scion of a Navy family, served in submarines before "surfacing" and getting his PT boat.

The Corsair hunts German merchant raiders preying on Allied shipping in the North Atlantic. Stewart is granted weekend leave to settle his affairs before taking up his new assignment. At the submarine base in New London, Connecticut, he meets his new captain, Lieutenant Commander Dewey Connors.

On a train bound for Washington D.C., Stewart encounters New London school teacher Jean Hewlett and her students. Despite her initial resistance, he charms her and they fall in love.

Stewart's infatuation with PT boats irritates Connors, but the two become friends after they engage a Nazi Q-ship. When Connors is wounded, Stewart takes command and sinks the ship.

Connors is in love with Jean, but is putting off marrying her until he is promoted to commander, which would allow him to support her financially. Tension between the two men returns after Connors returns from a briefing in Washington with that promotion, only to discover Stewart and Jean are engaged.

The DC briefing has to do with a secret island supply base for German raiders like the Q-ship Corsair sank. She has been tasked with locating and destroying it. The Corsair follows a coastal tanker through the harbor anti-submarine net and puts a landing party commanded by Stewart ashore to wreak as much havoc as possible in 30 minutes, while the boat sinks every ship they can in the harbor. Among the members of the landing party are Chief of the Boat Mac MacDonnell and Messman Oliver Jones. The Chief has a heart condition he has concealed from the Navy and after figuring this out, Jones has quietly assisted him. Both know that the Chief will be caught out at his next annual physical and medically retired, which is why he turned down a promotion to chief warrant officer. The raid is a success, with the oil tanks supplying fuel to the Q-ships blown up by the landing party, buildings burned, and enemy ships sunk at anchor. MacDonnell is killed covering the escape of Stewart and Jones. The captain submerges the boat and gets out to sea, despite being wounded by enemy fire.

Captain Connors and Exec Stewart make peace after the raid, and Stewart and Jean are married when the Corsair returns to New London.

Cast
As appearing in screen credits (main roles identified):

Background
Part of the film was shot at Submarine Base New London, Connecticut. are visible in the early part of the film. The PT boats seen near the beginning are the 77-foot Elco type. The submarine primarily featured as Corsair was the experimental USS Marlin (SS-205), with a conning tower modified to resemble her sister USS Mackerel (SS-204). A few O-class and R-class submarines, built in World War I and used for training in World War II, are visible in the background of some shots. For wartime security reasons, no submarine classes used in combat in World War II appear in the film. USS Semmes (DD-189) is seen in one shot; there are probably not many good Technicolor views of a four-stack destroyer available today. Semmes was being used as a sonar testbed at the time.

One of the scenes in the film was similar to that in Destination Tokyo (1943) starring Cary Grant, where the submarines follow an enemy tanker into their naval base through a minefield. Another similar plot device was in the 1954 film Hell and High Water about an island base to be used to launch a Tupolev Tu-4, a copy of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, in U.S. markings for an sneak atomic bomb attack.

One interesting feature of the film is the significant role of African-American actor Ben Carter as messman Oliver Cromwell Jones. While most World War II films (particularly those made during the war) feature few, if any, African-American characters, Crash Dive is a notable exception. Although Carter plays a stereotypical role as a low ranking sailor (at that time, Blacks could only serve as cooks and messmen), his character is more developed than most African-American characters of the time by being shown to be a confidant to a higher ranking crew member. Jones (Ben Carter) also participates in a commando raid late in the film.

It is possible portions of the film were inspired by the actions of the Greenland Patrol, a U.S. Coast Guard unit which patrolled the waters off Greenland, looking for Nazi weather stations and submarines. One such weather station was captured in June, 1941, which among other things impeded accurate German weather forecasting. Its personnel were taken to Boston and interned. The incident was classified at the time because the United States was not at war with Germany, but after Pearl Harbor was released to the American public.

Awards
Fred Sersen and Roger Heman Sr. won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects at the 16th Academy Awards.

title: Crash Dive


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Detroit Wheels

The Detroit Wheels were an American football team, a charter member of the defunct World Football League.

Founding
Soon after Gary Davidson announced the WFL's formation in October 1973, he was approached by a man named Bud Hucul about putting a team in Detroit. In a harbinger of things to come, however, it emerged that Hucul had a long history of legal problems, including 30 arrests and 27 lawsuits.

A more credible offer came from a consortium of ten Detroit-area investors who were formally awarded a franchise on December 13, 1973. The group would eventually expand to 33 people, including singer Marvin Gaye, Motown Records vice-president Esther Gordy Edwards, Milford Fabricating owner Edward Nishon, and Little Caesars founder Mike Ilitch (who would later own the Detroit Caesars, Drive, Red Wings and Tigers). Detroit attorney and philanthropist Louis Lee was named team president, while Sonny Grandelius, a former star running back at Michigan State, was the team's general manager.

The Wheels' owners didn't appear to make an initial capital investment, instead opting to pay team expenses out-of-pocket as they arose. The result was a team that was badly undercapitalized even by WFL standards. It showed during the WFL's initial draft. Despite selecting such future stars as Ed "Too Tall" Jones, Rick Middleton and Randy Grossman, the Wheels initially refused to spend more than $10,000 per player. They thus wound up signing only three of their 33 draft picks. (Michigan State track star Herb Washington, who later became pro baseball's only full-time pinch runner with the Oakland A's, rejected the Wheels offer, claiming the club was offering only "sandlot salaries".)

Desperate for players, the Wheels were forced to hold open tryouts, which ended with none of the 665 potential players who tried out making the team.

The owners also had trouble finding a place to play. Their first choice was Tiger Stadium, home of the NFL's Detroit Lions and Major League Baseball's Detroit Tigers. However, they were unable to lease the stadium due to pressure from the Lions. (The further damage to the turf that a second football team would cause was also a concern for baseball, especially since much of the WFL schedule coincided with the Tigers' season.) The Silverdome wouldn't be finished for another year, and University of Detroit Stadium (home of the Continental Football League's Michigan Arrows) had been demolished three years prior. Lee approached his alma mater, the University of Michigan, about playing at cavernous Michigan Stadium, only to be turned down.

Finally, the Wheels signed a deal to play at Eastern Michigan University's 15,500-seat Rynearson Stadium in Ypsilanti, Michigan, 37 mi from downtown Detroit. The stadium had no lighting at the time, and the Wheels had to install their own; these lights remain at the stadium to this day (although subsequently updated). The club even hired EMU's head coach, Dan Boisture, to helm the Wheels.

1974 season
Things weren't encouraging on the field, either. The Wheels had a quarterback with Canadian Football League experience in Bubba Wyche (brother of former NFL quarterback and head coach Sam Wyche), but little in the way of protection (Wyche was sacked eleven times in one game) or receivers.

Only 10,631 people attended their first home game, and their final home contest drew an announced crowd of 6,351 fans (though actual attendance was closer to 2,000). One home game, against the Portland Storm, was moved to J.W. Little Stadium in London, Ontario; Storm owner Robert Harris was from London, and actually considered moving his club to the Ontario city and renaming them the London Lords, adopting the name of the recently folded semi-pro team of that name. The Canadian government, however, was firmly against the idea of any US-based pro football league playing in their country and encroaching on the established Canadian Football League; they had threatened to pass the Canadian Football Act a few months prior, which forced a proposed Toronto team to move to Memphis instead. Harris received $30,000 from local promoters and the Storm got their first win of the year, 18-7, in front of an announced crowd of 5,105 (though newspaper reports indicated there were only 2,000 people there), in the only World Football League game played outside the United States.

As the losses piled up, the team's ramshackle financial structure became more problematic. Boisture and Grandelius badly wanted to put together a viable professional football organization, but the owners refused all requests for more money. According to Grandelius, the owners "panicked" when they realized how dire the situation was, and simply walked away.

The result was what amounted to a club team in a professional league. For one home game, there were no programs available because the printer hadn't been paid. Boisture had to cancel several practices because the laundry bill went unpaid, leaving the team without uniforms. They couldn't pay their phone bill, and they were unable to reserve hotel rooms or fly to away games without advance payment. Players were forced to share food and rent due to missed paydays; several players ended up sharing a house. Wide receiver Jon Henderson had to pay his son's hospital bill out of pocket after finding out the team's insurance policy was cancelled for non-payment of premiums.

The situation prompted Wyche to write to league president Gary Davidson and beg the league office to intervene.

Media coverage was spotty at best. Only three Wheels games were ever televised, only one of which was actually seen locally. The season-opening loss to Memphis on July 10 was carried by local station WKBD-TV. The August 22 contest against Chicago in Ypsilanti was carried nationally on TVS, but was blacked-out on the network's local affiliate, also WKBD-TV. The August 28 game in Philadelphia was carried by fledgling Home Box Office to its handful of subscribers, none of which were in the Detroit area. TVS had also planned to carry the September 25 game at New York, but begged off because the lighting at New York's Downing Stadium, dating from the 1940's, was inadequate for broadcast; in any case, both teams were on the brink of extinction by the time of the game. On radio, WWJ-AM carried all but one Wheels game, the July 21 contest in Hawaii.

The coaches were also feeling the effects as well. Assistant coach Owen Dejanovich was forced to live in the basement of fellow assistant Chick Harris for a time because several landlords refused to rent houses to him when they found out he worked for the Wheels (even after sending one landlord $1700 to cover two months rent and security deposit, a large sum of money at the time). Boisture was unable to film any games because the owners refused to provide filming equipment.

The low point came during the Wheels' eighth game, against the Philadelphia Bell. When the players arrived at John F. Kennedy Stadium, they discovered that there were no medical supplies or tape available. The Wheels refused to take the field until a Johnson & Johnson salesman donated tape so that the game could go on. (Philadelphia won, 27-23.)

After losing their first ten games, the Wheels got what would be their only win, 15-14 over the Florida Blazers at Orlando. Soon afterward, the league took control of the team and began searching for a new home. Their first choice was Shreveport, but the Houston Texans moved there instead and became the Steamer. They then tried to move to Louisville, but talks collapsed.

Automaker John DeLorean tried to buy the team in hopes of keeping it in Detroit, but backed out at the last minute. The next choice was Charlotte, where former New England Patriots general manager Upton Bell was hoping to put together financing for a WFL team. Although impressed with Wyche, he was unable to come to an agreement, and instead opted to buy the New York Stars and move them to Charlotte, as the Hornets.

The end
With underfinanced ownership, an ever-changing roster (no fewer than 83 players appeared in least one of Detroit's fourteen contests in 1974), an ongoing recession, a non-existent fan base, and just plain bad luck, the Wheels had no chance to succeed.

The schedule-maker offered Detroit no favors, either; the Wheels' first six contests were all against playoff teams. Ultimately, no fewer than ten of their 14 opponents qualified for the WFL post-season. Two of the other four games were against Chicago, who struggled in the second half of the season but were still hot when they met Detroit; and one against New York, who after moving to Charlotte actually qualified for the playoffs, only to be forced out of a wild-card game against Florida due to inadequate ticket sales.

On September 24, the Wheels stumbled into New York to play the Stars, in a game that had been transferred from Ypsilanti to Randall's Island (and also moved up a day because of Yom Kippur); that same day, the Wheels filed for bankruptcy. The Stars won easily, 37-7, then announced they would transfer to Charlotte. A week later, Detroit dropped a 14-11 decision to the former Houston franchise, now in Shreveport (coincidentally, one of the cities the Wheels had considered moving to).

It would be the last game that the Wheels would ever play. On October 7, in the face of $1.4 million in claims, Davidson postponed the Wheels' upcoming game against the Chicago Fire, and announced that the league would fold the team unless new owners could be found within three days. No buyers cropped up, and the WFL euthanized the Wheels along with the equally cash-strapped Jacksonville Sharks. While the franchise officially folded on October 10, players and coaches had been taking their uniforms and personal items home with them for some time to keep them from being seized. The Wheels franchise was the only one not reissued when the World Football League returned in 1975.

The Wheels finished their abbreviated season with the WFL's worst record at 1-13. However, considering their dire off-the-field situation, they were far more competitive than their record indicated: eight of their losses came by less than a touchdown, and they held fourth-quarter leads in seven games. Playing in the tough Central Division with the league's two best teams, Memphis (17-3) and Birmingham (15-5), made things even more difficult for the hapless Wheels.

After the debacle, Dan Boisture, who had helmed successful teams at the high school and college levels, decided to leave coaching altogether. Years later, he said, "When the Wheels went defunct, I could have gone with a couple pro teams, and I said, 'That's it.'...I was in a position to continue in pro ball or get something more stable. I made the right choice."

Future professional wrestler Stan Hansen attended the Wheels training camp, but was cut; nevertheless, he was promoted as a "former star" of the team when wrestling in a promotion in his hometown of Amarillo, Texas.

title: Detroit Wheels


text:
Angelus Oaks, California

Angelus Oaks is an unincorporated community in San Bernardino County, California, United States, and has a population of 535 as of the 2010 U.S. Census, up from an estimated population of 312 in 2000. It is surrounded by the San Bernardino National Forest and located east of San Bernardino on California State Route 38.

History
Angelus Oaks was initially called Camp Angelus. In 1849 there was a big gold strike in Holcomb Valley, north of Bear Valley and near the town that was later to become Big Bear. The only way to get supplies in and the gold out was by mule trains. The mule train traveled up the Santa Ana River Canyon, stopping overnight in Seven Oaks and then took a switch back trail (Clark's Grade; still visible on the mountain across from the Angelus Oaks Lodge) up to the gold fields. Eventually, a wagon road was built to replace the mule skinner trail. But, the Santa Ana River kept washing out the wagon road within the rugged canyon, and so another, better road, known as a 'Control Road', (because traffic was allowed to proceed one way in each direction only, with controls stationed at each end) was built in nearby Mill Creek Canyon. The "Lower Control Road" started at Mountain Home Village, in Mill Creek Canyon, and ended in Camp Angelus, at the Lodge. (The Lower Control Road later became known as Mountain Home Creek Road.) "Middle Control Road" started just east of the Lodge and meandered down to Seven Oaks. The final control road, 'Clark's Grade', went up and over the north side of the Santa Ana Canyon and into Bear Valley. The Clark Brothers, based at Clark's Ranch north and west of Seven Oaks, scratched out their control road by hand, and collected fees for its use.

In the late 1870s, cattle rustlers, operating out of San Bernardino, would bring their stolen herds up to nearby Glen Martin, just below Camp Angelus in Mountain Home Canyon, to hide them. Due to the configuration of the opening of the mountain down by the Ranger Station, the opening to the canyon was not visible to posses passing by searching for the stolen herds.

Beginning in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the stagecoach, using the old wagon road, would bring passengers and mail from Redlands up Mill Creek, then Mountain Home Creek (Lower Control Road), through Camp Angelus, on to Seven Oaks via Middle Control Road and then up the back side of the mountain to Big Bear. The now Angelus Oaks Lodge was first built as a stagecoach stop for changing horses at the top of the climb and for serving up sandwiches to passengers. It also served as a small grocery store for the local community. The original wagon road is the small road that now runs along the front of the Lodge and crosses over to the current chain up turn-out (Middle Control Road).

In 1919, with automobiles now traveling up the road to Big Bear, the Angelus Oaks Lodge became a perfect spot to replenish the water in their radiators. A few cabins were built by two brothers that owned the Lodge at that time. These crude cabins were nothing more than four walls and contained only cots for sleeping and a wood-burning stove for heat and cooking.

The original school was a log cabin on a hill located behind and rented from Glen Lodge. This lodge had a full restaurant, bar, gas and repair station, grocery store, hotel, cabins, and a dance hall with a large fireplace. In 1953 the first teacher, originally from South Dakota and a graduate of USC, was Orville Young. He lived with his family in Camp Angelus and taught the community children from five to 13 years of age at Camp Angelus Elementary. In 1956 the natural wood clad (later painted red) one-room school-house serving grades one through seven was built, and closed permanently in 2004. Glen Lodge burned down in the late Sixties.

In the 1970s, when the postal service decided to combine the two small post offices of Camp Angelus and Seven Oaks, closing the Seven Oaks location, they renamed the remaining office "Angelus Oaks". That name stuck with the town. It was at this time that the Lodge was abandoned and fell into disrepair.

In 1987, the lodge was purchased by a couple living at that time in Long Beach, California. The lodge and cabins were restored over a two-year period and heaters and showers were added to the cabins. The lodge and surrounding cabins became a livable resort for individuals wanting to get away from the hectic city life below. Over the years, full bathrooms, kitchens, and even some dividing walls for bedrooms were added. Beginning in 2012 and continuing through 2015, the Lodge and its outer cabins once again underwent a major restoration. As of January 2015, eight of the original 12 cabins have been completely restored, and the Lodge is open for viewing. The cabins are available to rent on a nightly basis and are operated under a special use permit provided by the USDA Forest Service.

On February 12, 2013, in a rural area east of Angelus Oaks, the search for Christopher Dorner ended after a standoff with the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department. He was the primary suspect in a series of shootings.

Present day

Its downtown consists of a general store, a restaurant, a post office (ZIP Code 92305) and a real estate office. A San Bernardino County Fire Station (Station 98) is also downtown, and a San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department Resident Deputy (one of only three in the entire County) lives nearby. The State of California's Department of Transportation (CalTrans) and the United States Forest Service also have a presence in downtown Angelus Oaks. Two private water companies service the residents of Angelus Oaks. Within the town lies the historical Angelus Oaks Lodge, which originally served as a stagecoach stop for passengers traveling up the mountain to Big Bear, and is now available for overnight visitors.

Angelus Oaks has become a favorite to bicyclists due to its proximity to the Santa Ana River Trail (S.A.R.T.) which is renowned for its grandeur and challenge. For hikers, Angelus Oaks offers the San Bernardino Peak Hiking Trail (1W07) and the Vivian Creek Trail. There are also other less vigorous trails situated throughout the San Gorgonio Wilderness. The Angelus Oaks Lodge offers a great overnight and staging area for bikers and hikers wishing to get an early morning start.

A few miles past Angelus Oaks, in the Barton Flats area, there are multiple public Forest Service campsites and group camps run by various churches and non-profit organizations, including YMCA and Jewish Community Center of Orange County. The two largest and most active camps are the Boy Scout Camp Tahquitz owned by the Long Beach Boy Scouts (it was developed from a very private summer tent camp with one snack store to one serving thousands of Scouts year round with a mess hall, clinic, garage/fire station, swimming and fishing lake, camp offices, and rangers' quarters developed, built, and maintained under the watchful eye of the Camp Ranger, Glen McIntosh, from 1957 until his death in 1981), and Camp Cedar Falls, 3 miles (5 km) past Angelus Oaks on Highway 38 run by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Jenks Lake Day Use Area hosts fishing and waterfront activities, including kayaking and canoeing; swimming is not allowed. There are also public restrooms, and many tables and grills for picnics.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Angelus Oaks, California has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

title: Angelus Oaks, California


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Xanadu House/archive2

Xanadu House
Self Re-Nomination for the Xanadu House article I have been writing and revising for the past few months. The article, since last time nominated now meets the criteria for nomination articles, and now includes several references, more pictures and a better quality of writing as well as many correct spelling and grammar mistakes. The article is neutral throughout, and gives consistent reading pleasure with lots of detailed information and links to external sources for even more information. I hope that this time the article will be accepted, however if there are any objecting comments and opinions I will continue to improve the article. Wackymacs 18:38, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Object. Inappropriate structure and lead section. The lead section doesn't really summarize the article or even explain what the subject will be. The article is titled "Xanadu House", but the lead section doesn't say if it covers the last "House" still standing or the entire project. Also, the lead should mention the nature of the foam (insulation, "plastic foam", and finally polyurethane foam are mentionned later, why not be precise right at the beginning?). The Pre-History section, apart from being somewhat strangely named (shouldn't it be just a "Concept" subheading under the "History" section). The first sentence is already obscure: why is Rob Masters referred to as "Creator of Xanadu", in quotes. Is he the creator or not? Does someone dispute the creation? Moreover, the entire section does not flow logically; for example, the sentence  he decided to take a slightly different approach by creating a series of show homes around the country, seems to imply that he was trying to promote his constructions before, but this is not made clear; it is only said that he was a pioneer "in building and living in them". There are countless such imprecisions ("Bob Master's partner Tom Gussel"). The origin of the name is further obscure, did Gussel choose it, or was it derived from Samuel Coleridge's poem "Xanadu"? Many people are introduced with very little context if any at all; who is Kubla Khan? Roy Mason? Jacques Beufs? Jacques Rougerie? If there are no Wikipedia articles on them, at the very least mention their professions and nationality, and perhaps when they lived. The next section, "History", seems to begin as if the rest of the article did not exist. The "Construction" subheading answers many of the question readers might have had while reading the previous sections (nature of the foam, etc) giving a strong that the article was written by different people who did not review each other's work. The following sections only strengthen the feeling that the article is disjointed: there is no longer any structure or logical order in the sequence of (relatively small) sections. The form of the "using computers in the house" (which is more of a description of the House's interior) is rather bad: the list summarizing the features of the House feels like it was taken straight from a promotional leaflet. It should be turned to prose, and the authors should focus on electronics related features, if the section is to keep the name it has now. (Outside pool and garden has nothing to do with using computers inside a house). The subheadings in that section contain more questionable prose. The "Kitchen" subheading for example, begins with The house itself grew some of that food. Xanadu had a built-in greenhouse. The first sentence of the Work at Home section exemplifies ambiguous and inconsistent use of the word Xanadu throughout the article. When the authors write Xanadu suggested a way to do business at home..., do they mean the creators of Xanadu, the Xanadu project, or should it be taken to mean The Xanadu House's design...? The last few sections should be merged with the History section, and de-POVed (The "Future" section contains wild speculation, and might be get rid of entirely). I am unsure what to do about the Xanadu Book section, perhaps move it to the end.
 * I hope I wasn't too harsh. In any case I invite the author to take this to Wikipedia:Peer Review. I might lend a hand in improving the article, too.Phil s 21:01, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow thanks for the great feedback and constructive criticism.I took into account some of the issues you mentioned and have already addressed them (see updated article). Though the leading paragraph still needs work, and maybe the sections should be reorganized (mainly the "using computers in the home"). I've merged the other sections into the History section. I've removed the "Future" section, I agree that it wasn't very relevant to the subject that much and was pure speculation. If you want to make any changes feel free, because this article still needs a lot of work doing on it. Wackymacs 21:36, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It's already somewhat better now; thank you for addressing my concerns. I'll see if can make some research so I can help improve the article. Phil s 09:47, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks I like the improvements so far, the best source of research is in-fact the Xanadu book itself because the book includes pretty much everything about Xanadu - but sadly the book is limited in its explanatory of detail about the homes which is why the sections of the article about each room are quite short. I couldn't find much about the architects themselves, and what they went on to do after Xanadu which I'd like to find out.Wackymacs 10:42, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Object. Too informal.  To choppy.  Some images not captioned.  Exploding Boy 18:38, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Refer to Peer Review. There are problems here with style, sources and comprehensiveness. --Theo (Talk) 22:37, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Needs a thorough copyedit. Many examples of poor grammar, enough I'm not sure they could be quickly fixed. Needs more sources, and inline citations for important/contentious facts. - Taxman Talk 21:11, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

Elasticsoul 21:38, 27 October 2005 (UTC) Made extensive edits to improve grammar, logical flow, and remove redundant information or information not directly related to Xanadu House. [Interesting article, btw!] The parts I cut out are mostly below, some with my comments:

History - Redundant; mentioned previously in the article Xanadu House was an architectural house project originating from the 1970s. Roy Mason, an architect, planned the Xanadu home by creating a clay concept. His vision of the future home of the 1990s was to use plastic foam for the building's main structure.

There were originally three Xanadu homes built, one in Kissimmee, Florida, one in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin, and the third in Gatlinburg, Tennessee.

Xanadu is owned by a vacation ownership property, Star Island Development Corporation, 5000 Avenue of the Stars, Kissimmee, FL 34746. It was purchased to be the sales office for this timeshare resort.

The polyurethane hardens in a couple of days, then paint can be applied and space cut out of the foam for windows and doors to be mounted in.

It was put on sale in 1997 and was re-sold in 2001.

The computers had a number of advantages and disadvantages;

Both ordering food from home and maintaining household calendars, records and home bookkeeping can today be done because of the Internet and Secure Online Credit Card Payments.

do a certain action when the computer can do it for you, while you're not even there. Shown in the picture to the right are two girls in the bedroom typing on a computer.

"In the home of the future, people may be able to control coffeepots and front door locks from their bedrooms."

Great Room: The form of entertainment where family members sit around a television set is passive with little or no interaction between the family members and the Television or with each other. A home computer, on the other hand, allows interactive entertainment.

Work at home: This concept has been adapted to today's homes because of the Internet, and Personal Computers, the majority of people working will work from home running a home business or either working for a company through email and websites. Having access to news services from home has become even easier with RSS newsfeeds. In the recent years, working at home has advanced to a new level that the creators of Xanadu did not even dream of having: Video & Audio conferencing over the Internet.

Spa: Sauna temperatures were controlled by computer, pre-set temperatures could also be used.

Security: - doesn't refer to Xanadu House (AKAIK) A computer can control the locking system of doors and windows in the home require a user to enter a password to enter their home, or either uses their thumbnail print as a key of identification that you own the home and has the privilege to enter. Today, this idea is seen as rather silly because computers can be used to do much more than speak to increase security levels in the home.

Disadvantages preventing picture hanging , or would take automated tasks for granted, resulting in you thinking you never have to do housework again.

Reaction unlike a good piece of architecture which would last a long time, Xanadu a bad piece of architecture After Xanadu House was built, there was not a sudden shock and crave from other designs which caused an outburst of futuristic looking homes,

Book was a hardcover, with contained 260 pages of material - and some too outdated to be considered any longer Elasticsoul 21:38, 27 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:USS Merrimack (1855)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 September 2020 and 18 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): CdTheReader.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 11:54, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
Someone needs to make note of the fact that the Merrimack was historically known as the Merrimac, just as the earlier spelling of the Merrimack River is Merrimac River, which is still used today in some instances.

You'll notice this in all of the historical documents relating to the river and to the warship.--AaronS 18:23, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Everything I've seen is that it went the other way: that the final "k" was dropped. --Carnildo 23:05, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Nope. Merrimac is the original spelling, and the k came later. I live in the Town of Merrimac, which was named after the Merrimac River, which the USS Merrimac/k is also named after. Today, the Merrimac River is known as the Merrimack River.--AaronS 00:22, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * "Before, during and after the Civil War, Merrimack's name was often incorrectly spelled "Merrimac". She should not be confused with the Civil War's actual USS Merrimac, which served in 1864-65." http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-m/merimak2.htm The Merrimac that was named after your river was another ship, not this one. 69.106.137.113 (talk) 01:12, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

"My Great-Great-Grandfather was the Third Assistant Engineer on the "Merrimac" when she was initially commissioned. My family possesses more than one original 1855-1856 document wherein the "Merrimac" is mentioned and spelled as I have indicated.

The following transcriptions demonstate that the officers serving on the Merrimac in 1857 felt that her name was spelled "Merrimac". (letters of recommendation from officers of the Merrimac to my gt-gt-grandfather, Charles Schroeder).

US Steam Frigate Merrimac Boston Harbor April 7th 1857 Sir Your attention to duties in the Fire room, and general attention to other duties connected with the Department together with your Officer like and gentlemanly deportment has met with my entire approbation. I am respectfully yours Robert H. Long Chief Engineer

US Ship Merrimac Boston April 8th 1857 Sir As you are about to be detached from this vessel, I cannot suffer you to leave without expressing to you me entire approval of your conduct as an Officer and a gentleman since you have been associated with on duty – of course I am not Engineer enough to give my opinion as to your qualifications in your own particular branch of service, but apart from that, I have not the slightest in hesitation in saying that you have done well, and if this evidence of the fact will benefit you in any way, it will afford me great pleasure. I am Sir: Very Respectfully Your Obt. Servt. Geo. W. Harrison 1st Lieutenant

US Steam Frigate Merrimac Boston April 8th 1857 Mr. Charles H. Schroeder, 3rd Assistant Engineer has been attached to the Merrimac, under my command for the last seven months, and I take pleasure in stating that Mr. Schroeder’s conduct, both in connection with his duty as engineer, and an officer, has met my entire approbation. G. J. Pendergrast Captain" ThomasSchroeder (talk) 22:31, 23 August 2012 (UTC)

 * I agree. It's obvious that both versions of the spelling were historically accepted.  It's wrong to claim that one version is erroneous or mistaken.Eregli bob (talk) 04:16, 21 December 2012 (UTC)

An issue which perhaps deserves attention
One curious thing, is that almost any book you pick up about american history or the US civil war,  or books about naval warfare,   refer to the well-known confrontation between "the Monitor and the Merrimac(k)",  being the first confronation between "iron-clad" ships. The thing which is curious about this, is that the Merrimac was captured by the confederacy, virtually rebuilt,  and re-named "Virginia",   the name which it had at the time of the historic battle. Now this seizure and renaming business happened a lot in the old days,  but you don't normally get such an insistence on using the previous owner's name for the ship. I guess in this case, it is because the northerners wrote all the history books, but anyway,  it's strange and perhaps something that should be mentioned in a suitably non-POV way. It is certainly a source of confusion for some people. Eregli bob (talk) 04:14, 21 December 2012 (UTC)

Dead Links
The Bibliography link of '"Merrimack". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History & Heritage Command (NH&HC). Retrieved 1 February 2013' does not lead to a working page.

Place of construction
A contemporary source states that Merrimack was built at the Charleston Navy Yard. Mjroots (talk) 08:26, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:USS Merrimack (1855)


text:
Applegate, California

Applegate is an unincorporated community in Placer County, California. It is 7.25 mi south-southwest of Colfax, and 9.3 mi northeast of Auburn. The city's msl elevation is 2005 ft. Its ZIP code is 95703 and its area code 530.

Applegate was originally settled in 1849 by Lisbon Applegate, who came to California with his son, George, from Missouri. Part of a family that first emigrated to America in the 17th century, the Applegates bought acreage above Clipper Gap, California, and established a fruit ranch there. The main house of the Applegate Ranch was where Oliver's gas station and bar sits today. Lisbon eventually returned to Missouri but his son, George W. Applegate, stayed.

As the town grew, it was called Bear River House for its proximity to the Bear River, a short distance northwest. When a post office was established in 1855, the community officially became known as Lisbon in honor of its founder. George W. Applegate became postmaster, and in the 1870s, the settlement was renamed Applegate, also to honor its founder.

At one time, Applegate was a station on the Central Pacific Railroad (later Southern Pacific). When a second track was added in 1929, the station on the eastbound track was named East Applegate. The tracks are separated by about .25 mi.

From Placer GOLD, November 1973; "Applegate is a quiet little town about eight miles northeast of Auburn, rudely severed in two parts by Interstate 80. The town consists of a post office, motel, hardware store, grocery and saloon-and something else..."

Applegate is also the only known place in Northern California where the Ladyfoot Trumpet flower grows wild. Some people believe that its seeds were left here long ago when the Lemurians passed through on their way to Mount Shasta.

Climate
Alta has a Mediterranean climate that is characterized by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers (Köppen climate classification Csa).

title: Applegate, California