text:
Talk:Founding years of modern Singapore

Proposed merge of Founding of modern Singapore with Founding of modern Singapore and 1819 Singapore Treaty
Founding of modern Singapore and its early colonial period was moved from Founding of modern Singapore with the rationale that "moved page to better reflect the scope of the article extends much beyond what is normally considered as the founding of modern singapore by the government and the press". However, the content at both titles are similar to each other. I think this is a WP:REDUNDANTFORK, and I suggest a merge and revert back to the previous title. – robertsky (talk) 06:33, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Articles under discussions are now Founding of modern Singapore and Founding of modern Singapore and 1819 Singapore Treaty. – robertsky (talk) 06:37, 9 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Pinging @Magnet larry, as the mover of the article. – robertsky (talk) 06:41, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * The original article is too broad about the founding of modern Singapore, which, by the government's definition and what is referred to by the press and many others, is about one particular historical moment and event. And that's why there were all these many commemoration events about it just a few years ago.
 * But the original article covers the pre-colonial time, the founding of modern singapore, the economic growth after 6 Feb 1819, and then further.
 * It is just different from what is generally referred to as "the founding of modern Singapore". An article titled as "Founding of modern Singapore", I think, should perhaps center around the founding of modern Singapore.
 * Shouldn't an article about the entire general period, rather than focusing on the founding of modern singapore, like the original article, have its own place? Magnet larry (talk) 09:51, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * No. We should not just follow what the government pushes out (see WP:OFFICIAL and WP:PROPAGANDA), but take all sources into consideration and work out the article. The precolonial history section is there to set a context or continuity to the time period. If there is a must, it should be trimmed or reduced accordingly. The period in between Raffles' first steps and being a Straits Settlement is short, there's no definitive term for this period, and nests nicely in here as it was an immediate period of time when the status of being a (fledgling) British colony was threatened by the power plays between the British and Dutch powers. – robertsky (talk) 10:05, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * It's not just what the government says. When one googles "founding of modern Singapore", the press and many also refer to it as such.
 * And trimming the original article down to what is usually referred to as the founding of modern Singapore would mean losing an article about the general period of that time. Magnet larry (talk) 10:26, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * And when I take a look at America, there is a wiki article about History of the United States (1776–1789), and then, there are separate wiki articles about American Revolution and Treaty of Paris (1783). And they overlap, which is of course very natural. These articles talk about the things that happened in the same period. It is bound to overlap, but each of them focuses on different things.
 * And I think it should be the same for Singapore. There should be an article about the general period of that time. And then there should be separate articles with different focuses on different things about that time.
 * The original article serves it well to function as an article that gives a general history of that time about Singapore. But then there should also be separate articles, focusing on things about that period. Magnet larry (talk) 11:16, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * For the original article, perhaps we can follow the example of the article about America and change its name to "History of Singapore (1819–1826)". That way, it will be very clear that the article is about the general history of that time but not about one specific event. Magnet larry (talk) 12:20, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I just changed the intro of the original Founding article back to what it was on 5 October 2022.
 * I had changed the intro because I wanted people to be aware what the phrase "founding of modern Singapore" is usually referred to in the press. Perhaps I'd made things worse.
 * Now that is back to the original intro. Perhaps it's clearer that original article is more about the general history. Magnet larry (talk) 17:18, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I've been just reading the page that is cited as the reason to merge the new Founding article back to the original one, namely WP:REDUNDANTFORK. And there is this section of that page I think is relevant here, and that is the section about Related articles, WP:RELART, which says the following:
 * Articles on distinct but related topics may well contain a significant amount of information in common with one another...Another example is where two articles cover the same topic, but are clearly directed at different audiences...Further, in encyclopedias it is perfectly proper to have separate articles for each different definition of a term; unlike dictionaries, a single encyclopedia article covers a topic, not a term.
 * I am no wikipedia expert, but I think the above passage helps explain pretty well about the reason of what I am trying to do. Also, what this passage seems to be saying is that it is okay to have two articles with a lot of overlap if they are related.
 * And so, again, I suggest the name of the original article, which is much broader in scope, be changed to something else, like "History of Singapore (1819–1826)", instead of merging the two. Magnet larry (talk) 22:16, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * WikiProject Singapore has been notified. – robertsky (talk) 06:46, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * It may be worth merging some Founding of modern Singapore into 1819 Singapore Treaty instead. CMD (talk) 07:01, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * This is reasonable as well. – robertsky (talk) 09:47, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * The Founding article was created first, but given it's all Magnet larry's work either way I don't think the merge direction matters. CMD (talk) 09:58, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I did not intend to create the 1819 Singapore Treaty article at first. It was a redirect that I bumped into.
 * But then I thought that some may only need to know about the treaty and its terms, and other stuff like the commemoration is not about the treaty itself, and they should not be in the same article. Like, there is an article about Treaty of Waitangi and then another article about Waitangi Day. That's why I started working on the redirect. Magnet larry (talk) 10:47, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm not seeing anything on either article that highlights a clearly separate topic. CMD (talk) 11:15, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I do admit writing a very long article about the treaty has been a bit challenging for me. First, I am not a historian or a lawyer who can easily write a dozen of pages just about the treaty itself. And also, there are only very limited reliable resources out there. Like, I cannot even find the full text of the treaty online, and I would love to see the full text.
 * But then, it's not only for New Zealand, and when I look at America or Hong Kong, they all have separate wiki articles focusing on just their treaties, Treaty of Paris (1783) and Sino-British Joint Declaration
 * And then, they all have separate wiki articles about the anniversaries, like Independence Day (United States) and HKSAR Establishment Day
 * Shouldn't it be the same for Singapore? Shouldn't there be an article just about the 1819 Treaty and another one about that historical date and event and its commemoration? Magnet larry (talk) 12:05, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * There is no reason to treat different situations as the same. Even if you wanted to, the Singaporean equivalent to your examples would be National Day (Singapore). There is no Treaty of Paris day or Sino-British Joint Declaration day. CMD (talk) 13:57, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Of course, there is no Sino-British Joint Declaration Day, but there is now National Day (1st Oct) for Hong Kong, and that is very different from Establishment Day (1st July). And there is a separate article focusing on the event of Handover of Hong Kong and another article focusing on the treaty of Sino-British Joint Declaration.
 * It is good to have separate articles with one focusing on the event of Singapore's modern founding, the commemoration, and the debate around it, and with one focusing only the 1819 treaty.
 * I understand that the new Founding article and the 1819 treaty articles that I have been creating might be shorter in comparison with the original article, but I think it is good to have separate articles. And the advantage for separate articles has become more and more obvious to me in past few days.
 * What happened was when I searched "Singapore Treaty" in wiki, it took me to a redirect Singapore Treaty which then automatically took me to Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks.
 * What's more. This article 1819 in Singapore, all about Singapore in 1819, before I changed it yesterday, it simply put down "Singapore Treaty" as an internal link, which of course took me to the Singapore Treaty about trademarks rather than anything about 6 Feb 1819, not even the original Founding article.
 * And also, if I google "Singapore Treaty", the results are all about the trademark treaty and nothing about the founding of modern Singapore or 6 Feb 1819 or debate or commemoration.
 * So, apparently, there are two different treaties known as "Singapore Treaty". The one commonly known in Singapore is about the 1819 treaty, but for people outside Singapore, it is more about trademarks.
 * If we go back to before where everything was in one place, of course it will be super convenient, but I think it also risks causing confusion. And the fact that a wiki article which was supposed to be all about 1819 in Singapore would direct people to a treaty in the 21st century about trademarks proves the need for separate articles. Magnet larry (talk) 16:39, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * This is all an argument for a page on the treaty, not for having two pages on the treaty, which is the current situation. They're WP:CFORKs of each other. CMD (talk) 01:36, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
 * From the cited wiki page WP:CFORK as the reason for merging, I think there is a section that is relevant here, and that is the section about Related Articles, WP:RELART, which says the following:
 * Articles on distinct but related topics may well contain a significant amount of information in common with one another...Another example is where two articles cover the same topic, but are clearly directed at different audiences...Further, in encyclopedias it is perfectly proper to have separate articles for each different definition of a term; unlike dictionaries, a single encyclopedia article covers a topic, not a term.
 * Again, I am no wikipedia expert, but I think the above passage explains it well about the rationale of what I am trying to do. Also, what this passage seems to be saying is that it is okay to have two articles with a lot of overlap if they are related. And it is also okay to have two different wiki articles covering the same topic.
 * Moreover, an article about the 1819 treaty is not the same as an article about the event of the founding of modern Singapore and the related commemoration and debate even though the two topics are highly related, and it can even be said that one is part of another.
 * Just like, the Treaty of Paris (1783) is related to and part of but not the same as the event of American Revolution, and the treaty of Sino-British Joint Declaration is related to and part of but not the same as the Handover of Hong Kong.
 * And one more example, for Macau, the treaty of Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration is related to and part of but not the same as the Transfer of sovereignty over Macau
 * And same here, the 1819 treaty is not the same topic as the founding of modern Singapore. Magnet larry (talk) 09:16, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
 * It is rarely okay to have two articles on the same topic, those are classic examples of WP:CFORKS. That caveat exists specifically for "different audiences", and is meant to allow for articles like Introduction to general relativity, which neither of these articles are. Your examples, while different from your previous ones, still do not seem to hold. There is nothing in the text of these articles that suggests such a distinction exists. Furthermore, the sources used in the article treat the two as the same event. CMD (talk) 09:36, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
 * If the 1819 treaty should be deemed as the same topic as the founding of modern singapore, then, the treaty of Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration would equally be the same topic as the Transfer of sovereignty over Macau. But clearly, they are not the same topic.
 * Also, when people argue or talk about "the founding of modern singapore", they are not referring to "the 1819 treaty". They are not synonyms.
 * And even for the sources, they treat the two differently. For example, from the Singapore Infopedia of the National Library Board, they have these two articles:
 * 1819 Singapore Treaty
 * https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2014-05-16_133354.html
 * Stamford Raffles’s landing in Singapore
 * https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_131_2005-01-03.html
 * The treaty and the founding are two different things. Magnet larry (talk) 10:26, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
 * That analogy is a poor one, the two articles you mention cover topics separated by over a decade. As for the linked sources, Stamford Raffles' landing in Singapore was not the founding of modern Singapore. Reading both, it is clear that they treat the treaty signing as the founding of modern Singapore. "On 6 February 1819, Stamford Raffles, Temenggong Abdu’r Rahman and Sultan Hussein Shah of Johor signed a treaty...It marked the birth of Singapore as a British settlement.", "6 Feb 1819: The Singapore Treaty is signed between Raffles, the Sultan and the Temenggong...This date is recognised as the official founding of Singapore." CMD (talk) 14:12, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Timing is not at issue here. Without signing the Joint Declaration, there would be no transfer of sovereignty. The two things were interrelated.
 * And it shows even more that signing a treaty is a very different thing from having the treaty implemented or executed or becoming effective.
 * It is also true that an article talking about the signing is not the same as an article talking about the different terms and conditions of the treaty.
 * Just because two things happened on the same day, it does not mean they are the same thing. Magnet larry (talk) 15:30, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Temporal correlation doesn't make things the same/majorly overlapping, it's the sources which treat it as the same thing which do. CMD (talk) 16:22, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
 * If the sources treated them the same, they would not need to have two separate articles, one about the treaty and the other one about the story of the founding. And the two references are from the same source, namely Singapore Infopedia. Magnet larry (talk) 22:04, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
 * But to save time, I just merged and moved most of the stuff across from the treaty article, and I also changed the name of the Founding article so that it is clear what the article is about. Magnet larry (talk) 22:56, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Note: I have moved back the article as reverting an undiscussed move, the titles under discussion are now Founding of modern Singapore and Founding of modern Singapore and 1819 Singapore Treaty, which the latter was moved by . There are 300+ links to what's supposedly a key article that remained unresolved after the previous move. – robertsky (talk) 06:35, 9 February 2023 (UTC)
 * But wouldn't the above discussion so far show it even more that the scope of the original article is beyond what is usually referred to as "the founding of modern singapore"?
 * Also, didn't the links get redirected just fine? Magnet larry (talk) 09:38, 9 February 2023 (UTC)
 * No. There is too much focus on the treaty in the discussion above and neglected the other indelible aspect of foundation of modern Singapore, the Jackson Plan, which falls in this period. Of time.
 * And no, not after your content fork.
 * Lastly, read WP:AND. – robertsky (talk) 10:00, 9 February 2023 (UTC)
 * The first sentence of the "Origin" section of the cited wiki article Jackson Plan says, "Sir Stamford Raffles founded the colony in 1819". Clearly, when most people say "the founding", they refer to the story of 1819 but not really beyond.
 * Anyway, to save everyone's time and energy, I will be moving content over and merging the two articles in the next few days. Magnet larry (talk) 16:16, 9 February 2023 (UTC)
 * The merge move was done with no consensus and I reverted the merge. Justanothersgwikieditor (talk) 08:16, 27 February 2023 (UTC)

I read through the discussion and here are my thoughts on the content of the articles. For the history of founding of modern Singapore, it should have a summarised early history of pre Pre-colonial Singapore, the arrival of Raffles, the treaty, the planning of modern Singapore town (aka the Jackson Plan) and up to 1826 when Singapore becomes part of the Straits Settlements.

For the treaty, as a legal agreement, between the various parties, I would restrict the content to a summarised content of the situation in Singapore at that time, arrival of Raffles and the signing and content of the treaty. Subsequent celebrations of the treaty signing should be included.

With this content layout, I would suggest the titles of the articles be "Foundation years of modern Singapore" of something to this aspect. We already have Early history of Singapore which covers till 1819, and Singapore in the Straits Settlements from 1826 onwards and so forth. While the current article "Founding of modern Singapore", the title is a bit ambiguous and "Foundation years" will give a precise name to the time period when Raffles gave instructions for the planning of the Town till the Jackson Plan is completed and construction starts.

If this is acceptable to most parties, forming a consensus, I will make the page move requests for both articles, "Founding of modern Singapore" to "Foundation years of modern Singapore" and "Founding of modern Singapore and 1819 Singapore Treaty" to "Singapore Treaty" (assuming common name, if not then "1819 Singapore Treaty").

Pinging all involved editors, @Magnet larry@Robertsky@Chipmunkdavis Justanothersgwikieditor (talk) 09:20, 27 February 2023 (UTC)

 * +1. no issues with the proposed changes. – robertsky (talk) 09:46, 27 February 2023 (UTC)
 * "Foundation years" is an unusual turn of phrase. Is that from somewhere? At any rate, whatever the titles, I have no strong feelings on the overall structure so long as multiple articles aren't covering the same topic. CMD (talk) 10:22, 27 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I admit it does sounds weird now and sounds like a textbook title which I am not lifting from any books! I am okay to settle with "Founding years of modern Singapore" as an alternative. Justanothersgwikieditor (talk) 09:36, 28 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you. I am okay about renaming the original article as "Founding years" or another name that is clearer in reflecting the broad scope of the article.
 * As for resurrecting the article of "Founding of modern Singapore and 1819 Singapore Treaty" and renaming it, I still think that each of these two things should have its own article because the "founding of modern Singapore" and the "1819 Singapore Treaty" are two related but different things. When people celebrate or argue or talk about "the founding of modern Singapore", they do not normally refer to the terms and conditions of the treaty. Similarly, when people utter the words "the Singapore Treaty", they are being specific and don't necessarily refer to the Dutch and British competition background and the story of the landing of Sir Raffles in 1819 and all that.
 * And so, I think the article should be reverted back to what it was on 5 Feb 2023, and the separate article named "1819 Singapore Treaty" should also be resurrected, which it's now a redirect:
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1819_Singapore_Treaty&redirect=no
 * But that's only my two cents. Magnet larry (talk) 00:20, 6 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Founding years of modern Singapore


text:
Liberty City (Miami)

Liberty City is a neighborhood in Miami, Florida, United States. The area is roughly bound by NW 79th Street to the north, NW 27th Avenue to the west, the Airport Expressway to the South, and Interstate 95 to the east. The neighborhood is home to one of the largest concentrations of African Americans in South Florida, as of the 2000 census. Although it was often known as "Model City" both historically and by the City of Miami government, residents more commonly call it Liberty City.

It is serviced by the Miami Metrorail at Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza and Brownsville stations along NW 27th Avenue.

History
Once part of the sparsely populated outskirts of northern Miami, what became Liberty City developed during the Great Depression of the 1930s when President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized the construction of the Liberty Square housing project in 1933, the first of its kind in the Southern United States. Built as a response to the deteriorating housing conditions in densely populated and covenant-restricted slums of Overtown, construction on the initial housing project began in 1934 and it opened in 1937.

Into the 1940s and 1950s, the growing Liberty City and adjacent Brownsville thrived as a middle-income black American community, hosting several churches, hospitals, and community centers. The area served as home to prominent figures such as Kelsey Pharr, M. Athalie Range (the first black American elected to serve on the Miami city commission) and boxer Muhammad Ali. Although segregation laws prohibited black Americans from resting and residing in popular Miami Beach, service establishment and resorts such as the Hampton House Motel and Villas catered to and entertained the likes of notables such as Martin Luther King Jr., Althea Gibson, and even whites such as Mickey Mantle.

Construction of Interstate 95 in Florida in Overtown and declining use of restrictive covenants in the wake of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 dramatically altered the neighborhood into the 1960s. Increasing numbers of lower-income elderly and welfare-dependent families migrated to Liberty City after their displacement primarily from inner city Overtown, turning the area into a dangerous ghetto, leading to large-scale black flight of middle- and higher-income blacks and other blacks like West Indian Americans largely to suburban areas like Florida City and Miami Gardens in southern and northern Dade County, respectively.

Crime grew prevalent in the increasingly poverty-stricken area in the immediate post–civil rights movement era of the 1960s and 1970s. The ensuing problems of the poor and disenfranchised grew most apparent and notable in race riots that occurred in Liberty City in August 1968 during the Republican National Convention in Miami Beach, and in May 1980 following the acquittal of police officers charged with the killing of Arthur McDuffie

The plight of inner-city black Miamians increasingly came to be highlighted in national press into the 1980s as the University of Miami Hurricanes football team won several national college football championships led by players recruited mostly from black, lower-income neighborhoods such as Liberty City and Overtown. National exposure continued with the popularity of nationally broadcast programs such as the NBC crime drama Miami Vice, which brought the deteriorating conditions of the area to greater prominence.

Into the 1990s and 2000s, music grew to reflect the area, with locals such as Luther Campbell of 2 Live Crew pioneering the Miami bass genre, which dominated Southern hip hop during the decade. Other music and sports talents rose to national prominence from the area such as rappers Trina and Trick Daddy, NBA player Udonis Haslem and NFL players Chad "Ocho Cinco" Johnson, Antonio Brown, and Willis McGahee.

Gentrification
Climate change is affecting the value of flood-prone real estate in Miami. Miami neighborhoods with higher elevations such as Liberty City are experiencing increasing real estate values. By 2017, Liberty City, along with Little Haiti, started becoming more attractive to investors. A community land trust is planned to maintain affordability for current residents. Home prices appreciated more slowly in 2018 in Miami Beach and lower-elevation areas of Miami-Dade County.

Demographics
In 2000, Liberty City had a population of 23,009 and 43,054 residents, with 7,772 households, and 5,428 families residing in the neighborhood. The median household income was $18,809.87. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 94.69% Black, 3.04% Hispanic or Latino of any nationality, 1.68% Other races (non-Hispanic), and 0.59% White.

The zip codes for the Liberty City include 33127, 33142, 33147, and 33150. The area covers 5.968 sqmi. In 2000, there were 19,286 males and 23,768 females. The median age for males was 25.9 years, while the median age for females was 30.3 years. The average household size had 3.1 people, while the average family size had 3.7 members. The percentage of married-couple families (among all households) was 20.3%, while the percentage of married-couple families with children (among all households) was 9.1%, and the percentage of single-mother households (among all households) was 33.1%. The percentage of never-married males 15 years old and over was 21.9%, while the percentage of never-married females 15 years old and over was 29.7%.

In 2000, 2.7% of the population spoke little to no English. The percentage of residents born in Florida was 74.5%, the percentage of people born in another U.S. state was 16.7%, and the percentage of native residents but born outside the U.S. was 0.8%, while the percentage of foreign born residents was 7.9%.

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools operates area public schools:

Elementary schools

 * Lillie C. Evans K-8 Center
 * Poinciana Park Elementary School
 * Liberty City Elementary School
 * Holmes Elementary School
 * Charles R. Drew K-8 Center
 * Agenoria S. Paschal/Olinda Elementary School
 * Orchard Villa Elementary School
 * Lenora Braynon Smith Elementary School
 * Kelsey L. Pharr Elementary School
 * Earlington Heights Elementary School
 * Shadowlawn Elementary School
 * Thena B. Crowder Elementary School

Middle schools

 * Brownsville Middle School
 * Charles R. Drew K-8 Center
 * Lillie C. Evans K-8 Center
 * Georgia Jones Ayers Middle School
 * Jose De Diego Middle School
 * Miami Springs Middle School

High schools

 * Miami Northwestern Senior High School
 * Miami Central Senior High School

Colleges

 * Miami Dade College

Libraries
Miami-Dade Public Library operates area public libraries:
 * Model City Library

Transportation
The Miami Metrorail services the neighborhood at the following stations:
 * Earlington Heights (Airport Expressway and West 22nd Avenue)
 * Brownsville (North 52nd Street and West 27th Avenue)
 * Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza (North 62nd Street/Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd and West 27th Avenue)

Notable people

 * DJ Uncle Al
 * Teddy Bridgewater, NFL quarterback
 * Antonio Brown, NFL wide receiver
 * Leslie C. Brown, motivational speaker
 * Artie Burns, NFL cornerback for the Pittsburgh Steelers
 * Luther Campbell
 * Rakeem Cato, CFL quarterback
 * Darlyne Chauve
 * Amari Cooper, NFL wide receiver for the Cleveland Browns
 * Elvis Dumervil, linebacker for the Baltimore Ravens of the NFL
 * Wilkie D. Ferguson
 * Marcus Forston
 * Devonta Freeman, NFL Running back Atlanta Falcons
 * JT, member of American rap duo City Girls
 * Jacki-O
 * Jacory Harris
 * Udonis Haslem
 * T. Y. Hilton, NFL wide receiver for the Indianapolis Colts
 * Bershawn Jackson
 * Barry Jenkins
 * Darnell Jenkins
 * Chad Johnson, NFL wide receiver
 * George Jung, depicted in the movie Blow
 * Ky-Mani Marley
 * John Marks, mayor of Tallahassee
 * Tarell Alvin McCraney, playwright
 * Carrie Meek
 * Montel Vontavious Porter
 * M. Athalie Range
 * Ian Richards
 * Eli Rogers, NFL wide receiver for the Pittsburgh Steelers
 * Calvin Ross, Miami police chief
 * Mickey Rourke
 * Sean Spence, NFL linebacker
 * Trick Daddy
 * Trina
 * Erica Wheeler, WNBA player
 * Betty Wright
 * Purvis Young, visual artist

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Liberty City (Miami)


text:
Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1727)

Orlando (RV 728), usually known in modern times as Orlando furioso, is an opera in three acts by Antonio Vivaldi to an Italian libretto by Grazio Braccioli, based on Ludovico Ariosto's epic poem Orlando Furioso (The Frenzy of Orlando). The first performance of the opera was at the Teatro San Angelo, Venice, in November 1727. It is to be distinguished from an earlier Vivaldi opera of 1714, Orlando furioso, set to much the same libretto, once thought to be a revival of a 1713 opera by Giovanni Alberto Ristori but now considered by Vivaldian musicologists to be a fully-fledged opera by Vivaldi himself.

The opera – more formally, the dramma per musica – alternates arias with recitative, and is set on an island at an unspecified time. The story line combines several plot lines from Ariosto: the exploits of the hero Orlando are detailed, as well as the tale of the sorceress Alcina.

Act 1
In a delightful garden in which two springs are seen, Medoro escapes from a shipwreck into the arms of his beloved Angelica. Alcina magically helps Medoro and he recounts how he was first captured, then shipwrecked. Orlando is jealous of Medoro, but Angelica lies and says Medoro is her brother.

Alcina is attracted to the knight Ruggiero. She uses her magic to make him forget Bradamante and love her instead. Bradamante discovers Ruggiero's "betrayal." She shows him the ring he gave her therefore breaking Alcina's spell. Ruggiero feels guilty for his actions.

Act 2
In a grove with green secluded spots, Astolfo reflects how he loves Alcina, but is tormented by her unfaithfulness.

Meanwhile, in a mountainous alpine region with a high, precipitous cliff, Angelica and Medoro swear their love and part ways. To rid herself of Orlando, Angelica sends him to fight a monster who guards —she claims— a vase containing an elixir of youth: the potion by which Medea revived the dying Aeson. In fact, she is just trying to lure him into an enchanted cavern from which Alcina's spell makes escape impossible. Orlando enters defying the monster and is trapped. Realizing Angelica's faithlessness, however, he digs his way out despite the spell.

Angelica and Medoro marry in a countryside at the foot of a hill. They carve their vows on a nearby tree. Orlando finds the tree, and on reading the inscription, becomes so furious that he starts destroying the trees.

Act 3
The place is at the entrance hall before the temple of Hecate. Astolfo believes Orlando dead. With Ruggiero and Bradamante, he plots revenge against Alcina. The secret of Alcina's power lies in an urn with Merlin's ashes, which is locked in the temple of Hecate. They await Alcina's return.

Inside the temple of Hecate, Bradamante disguises herself as a man. Alcina falls in love with her. Orlando, still raving mad about the marriage of Angelica and Medoro, fights with the temple statues, inadvertently destroying Alcina's power.

On a deserted island. Alcina tries to attack the sleeping Orlando, but is prevented by Ruggiero and Bradamante. Astolfo returns to arrest Alcina. Orlando regains his reason and forgives Angelica and Medoro.

Recordings

 * 1978: Marilyn Horne, Victoria de los Ángeles, Lucia Valentini Terrani, Carmen Gonzales, Sesto Bruscantini, Nicola Zaccaria; I Solisti Veneti, Claudio Scimone; Erato
 * 1990 (video recording): Marilyn Horne, Susan Patterson, Kathleen Kuhlmann, Sandra Walker, William Matteuzzi, Jeffrey Gall, Kevin Langan; Orchestra and Chorus of the San Francisco Opera, Randall Behr, production by Pier Luigi Pizzi; Pioneer Artists/ArtHaus/Vision Video
 * 2004: Marie-Nicole Lemieux, Jennifer Larmore, Veronica Cangemi, Ann Hallenberg, Philippe Jaroussky, Blandine Staskiewicz, Romina Basso, Lorenzo Regazzo; Ensemble Matheus; Jean-Christophe Spinosi; Naïve OP30393
 * 2008: Anne Desler, Nicki Kennedy, Marianna De Liso, Luca Dordolo; Coro da Camera Italiano; Modo Antiquo, Federico Maria Sardelli. CPO
 * 2011: Marie-Nicole Lemieux, Verónica Cangemi, Romina Basso, Jennifer Larmore, Philippe Jaroussky, Kristina Hammarström, Christian Senn; Chorus of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées and Ensemble Matheus; Jean-Christophe Spinosi; Pierre Audi (director); DVD Naïve

title: Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1727)


text:
Steep Slope Sliders

Steep Slope Sliders (スティープ・スロープ・スライダーズ) is a game that was made for the Sega Saturn and Sega Titan ST-V arcade system, published in 1997. It was developed by a collaboration of Victor Interactive Software, and the Cave Company. The game was released by Victor Interactive Software in Japan and by Sega in other territories. Capcom released the arcade version. The game was met with positive reviews, drawing favorable comparison to other snowboarding video games for its sharp graphics, innovative design, and intuitive control system.

Gameplay
While UEP Systems' Cool Boarders system of executing moves is extremely regimented by a combo interface, Steep Slope Sliders' allows the player far more autonomy. Instead of actually holding in a direction while jumping (similar to the system that the SSX snowboarding series uses), everything was based on the face buttons that were pressed, but the method of performing tricks was completely based on the Jamma configuration that was used in the arcades. Many other Sega arcade ports were like this as well, most notably Die Hard Arcade, Virtua Fighter: Remix, Virtua Fighter Kids, Radiant Silvergun and Winter Heat.

Reception
Steep Slope Sliders was met with positive reviews. The Saturn version held a 77% on the review aggregation website GameRankings based on four reviews. Critics praised the game for having varied course designs which accommodate exploration and experimentation,    tight controls,    numerous unlockables,    and fast-moving graphics.

Game Informer concluded that Steep Slope Sliders was a strong entry in the snowboarding genre but still fell second to its competitor, the PlayStation's Cool Boarders 2. However, most critics held that Steep Slope Sliders had edged out Cool Boarders 2 as the superior snowboarding game. In particular, a number of reviews commented that Steep Slope Sliders has relatively little pop-up and polygon breakup, which was often cited as the biggest shortcoming of the Cool Boarders series. However, Joe Fielder of GameSpot argued that the biggest advantage Steep Slope Sliders holds over Cool Boarders 2 is that the controls are more accessible and easier to learn. At the same time, he concluded that the lack of a multiplayer mode or AI opponents to race against keep Steep Slope Sliders from being a truly great game instead of just a good one. The lack of multiplayer was a common criticism against the game.

Next Generation gave Steep Slope Sliders a strong recommendation, deeming it one of the deeper entries in the genre due to its innovative course design and tricks. Electronic Gaming Monthly's four-person review team similarly deemed it the most fun and replayable snowboarding game for consoles, with Shawn Smith going so far to say it was in his personal top ten Saturn games of all time. Sega Saturn Magazine called it "the most realistic and enjoyable translation of the sport to date." GamePro summed up that "A healthy variety of courses, fun gameplay, fast-moving graphics, and responsive controls make this an appealing game for snowboard aces and novices alike."

Sequel
Cave made a follow-up game called Trick'N Snowboarder, released in 1999.

title: Steep Slope Sliders


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/You Scared the Lovin' Outta Me

This page was created nearly three years ago and has had no substantial updates since then. It is incomplete, does not conform to Wikipedia standards, and contains little useful information. It should be deleted. DanMS 02:58, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Arrival (Journey album)

Arrival is the eleventh studio album by the American rock band Journey, released on April 3, 2001. A version with one substituted song was released in Japan in 2000. The album was the band's first full-length studio album with new lead vocalist Steve Augeri, who replaced popular frontman Steve Perry, and with Deen Castronovo, who replaced Steve Smith as the band's drummer.

"Arrival" exhibits hard rock influences akin to the band's material from the 1970s and 1980s, while also featuring several ballads in the signature style the band achieved with Perry. Frontman Augeri's vocal work also retains a style quite similar to Perry. While relatively successful commercially, reaching the #12 spot on Billboard's Top Internet Albums chart, Arrival received mixed critical reviews, with some considering the album formulaic, while praising such elements as Neal Schon's guitar playing.

Album details and reception
The album was released in Japan in late 2000, and it leaked to the internet. Negative response from American fans prompted the band to record two more songs with a harder rock edge, and delay the release of the album in the US until these new tracks could be included. The song "I'm Not That Way" was dropped on US version, and the songs "World Gone Wild" and "Nothin' Comes Close" were added.

"All the Way" spent 13 weeks on the Billboard Adult Contemporary Charts, rising as high as No. 22. The album peaked at No. 56 on Billboard's album chart, Arrival was the band's first album to not receive at least a gold certification by the RIAA since 1977's Next. It was also their last studio album under Columbia Records, which had been the band's label since their self-titled 1975 debut.

Track listings
The U.S. and SACD editions do not include "I'm Not That Way" as on the Japanese edition, but instead add "World Gone Wild" and "Nothin' Comes Close". The U.S. CD edition features an edited version of "To Be Alive Again", the full version is only on the Japanese CD.

Personnel

 * Band members
 * Steve Augeri - lead vocals
 * Neal Schon - lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Jonathan Cain - keyboards, rhythm guitar, backing vocals, string arrangements
 * Ross Valory - bass, backing vocals
 * Deen Castronovo - drums, backing vocals

 * Production
 * Kevin Shirley - producer, engineer, mixing
 * Aya Takemura - engineer
 * George Marino - mastering
 * John Kalodner - A&R

title: Arrival (Journey album)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Soul Mate

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page, if it exists; or after the end of this archived section. The result of the debate was delete all. – ABCD 7 July 2005 00:01 (UTC)

Soul Mate and other
This and Votes for deletion/You Scared the Lovin' Outta Me were tagged on Jun 15 but not listed on VfD.

The same reasoning would certainly apply for nominating the other similar articles on songs of the same album: Comin' Round the Mountain, Smokey, If You Got Funk, You Got Style, and Adolescent Funk. So I nominate this other 4 articles too. No vote here.--Nabla 17:30, 2005 Jun 23 (UTC)

Same articles as the nominated also deletion candidates:

Atmosphere (song), Baby I Owe You Something Good, Balance (song), Be My Beach, Better by the Pound, Cholly (Funk Getting Ready to Roll), Field Maneuvers, Foot Soldiers (Star Spangled Funky), Freak of the Week, Get off Your Ass and Jam, Good to Your Earhole, Grooveallegiance, Holly Wants to Go to California, I'm Never Gonna Tell It, Into You, Lunchmeatophobia (Think!...It Ain't Illegal Yet!), No Head No Backstage Pass, (Not Just) Knee Deep, One Nation Under a Groove (song), Stuffs And Things, Take Your Dead Ass Home! (Say Som'n Nasty), The Song Is Familiar, Uncle Jam, Who Says a Funk Band Can't Play Rock?
 * This list posted by User:JamesBurns at 2005-06-29 06:06:44 not by me.--Nabla 2005-06-29 18:46:16 (UTC)

 * IMO you should make another nomination for those articles. Adding them here 6 days after the voting started doesn't look right to me, since most voters only considered the initial 6 nominated articles, not these.--Nabla 2005-06-29 18:46:16 (UTC)
 * They are exactly same type of article relating to the same criteria. They were already marked for VfD days ago. You could check their histories to verify this. JamesBurns 30 June 2005 03:04 (UTC)
 * OK. I'll vote to delete these too (so far they have 2/0 to delete), and request that the admin closing this waits a couple days more, to give a chance to others.--Nabla 2005-06-30 15:20:46 (UTC)

This page was created nearly three years ago and has had no substantial updates since then. It is incomplete, does not conform to Wikipedia standards, and contains little useful information. It should be deleted. DanMS 02:59, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and redirect all. All relevant information already at Hardcore Jollies, the album article. Smokey may be a more relevant redirect to something else.--Nabla 17:30, 2005 Jun 23 (UTC)
 * Delete all, duplicate content, unencyclopedic non notable songs. JamesBurns 06:48, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all, because their content is mainly duplicate and consisting of a critique, and none of them are notable. Falcon 16:16, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all - POV, notability not established, check out the formatting - looks suspiciously like a cut and paste from some review site.... Leanne 02:27, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all, POV, not encyclopaedic. Megan1967 04:14, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not encyclopaedic. -- Toytoy 18:34, Jun 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think some time ago User:TUF-KAT made these bad articles for all Funkadelic/Parliament/George Clinton songs. I took a handful of the most unsalvageable ones and turned them into redirects to their albums (I didn't want to bring them to VfD as I expected a big fight over this; maybe it's coming). Such redirects would be acceptable to me, though perhaps deletion is better. I would, however, like to note that, although it's not listed here, One Nation Under a Groove (song) is part of this VfD, and as it was on List of Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, I decided to clean it up last week. I probably didn't remove all the POV (as there wasn't too much else there), but it's substantially better than the others, and could perhaps warrant keeping (with a bit more cleaning). -R. fiend 03:56, 27 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Your lack of understanding on a given subject or cultural matter need not result in deletion or change. A vote of NO needs to be placed here until you can accept that you are not at all familiar with the art of George Clinton.

 * anonymous user65.17.190.169 only second edit JamesBurns 06:18, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be placed on a related article talk page, if one exists; in an undeletion request, if it does not; or below this section.


text: Template:Protected areas of Nevada

title: Template:Protected areas of Nevada


text:
Talk:Bill Drayton

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COI tag (March 2024)
Several major contributors have been SPAs using non-neutral language here in the BLP and other related articles Molochmeditates (talk) 20:06, 12 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bill Drayton


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/History of South Africa/archive1

History of South Africa
Self-nom. I think this is a highly interesting and well-written article, with many pertinent and interesting images. Thank you! Páll 09:36, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. Well written article! DO'Иeil 09:39, Mar 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Lots of time and care was put into this article. A bit large, but then again, I think it's also unreasonable to cut down a history article on an entire country. Mike H 10:03, Mar 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose It is unreasonable to expect people to plod through such a large article when they have limited time (nearly twice as long as recommended). More summarizing of some sections and creation of daughter articles is in order. See Summary style. Also the TOC is overwhelming and overall organization is poor (overuse of second level headings and hardly any subheads - certainly better division can be accomplished for this subject). Object until then. --mav 17:23, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, history articles are generally allowed to be as long as needed. Take a look at History of Russia, which is a recent featured article. That is nearly 20k longer than this! Also, each of the second level headings is about a completely seperate topic. It wouldn't work well to use any subheads. Páll 18:17, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Just because another article slipped through, does not give leave for this article to be too long for most users. Most history articles are broken up in series with the main history of... article serving as a survey article that introduces each article of the series. Major organizational issues are still there. At a quick glance I can see the need for level 2 prehistory, colonization, wars, repression and resistance, reform, and more recent history sections with the current sections being subsections of those. This will also make it easier to see what new level 2 sections could be summarized with the current detail moved to a daughter article (at least so the article gets in the 30 to 45 KB range). --mav 19:23, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I don 't think of it as slipping through, there was a major discussion over it. I implimented your suggestions over the headings, however the history of South Africa spans three million years. I think it is well within reason to have 20k per MILLION years on an article about the history of an entire nation. If it were about something else, yes, I'd say trim it, but this as it is is already very concicse and there are a lot of topics that I did not get into for fear of space. Besides, we are talking about the merits of an individual article, not whether or not people will read it. Páll 22:57, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * "... not whether or not people will read it" Then what are we here for? You can't change the fact that the average attention span of people is 20 minutes and it takes the average person about that amount of time to read 30 to 35 KB of prose. So anything above that makes the article less useful. Temporarily having an article in the 35 to 45 KB range is OK so long as the long term plan is to spin off one or more of the sections into its own article and to leave a more condensed treatment in its place.

 * I'm not advocating that Wikipedia have less info on this topic - just that each article should be easily readable so that people who need a primer on the whole topic will likely get through the whole article. Readability is a very important aspect. The argument that no more summarizing can be done is specious since the lead section summarizes the topic down to 3 paragraphs and the history section at South Africa summarizes the topic in with several more paragraphs.--mav 20:14, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus]] Talk 18:06, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Lead sectioon is a bit too long. CGorman 20:38, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Not for an article this size. --mav
 * Agree with mav, lead lenght is ok. --[[User:Piotrus|Piotr
 * Ok. CGorman 17:06, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Nice and very interesting article! I made a few minor corrections. I would however make a suggestion that for design purposes some pictures should be placed on the left hand side of the page. It simply makes for a more varied presentation.Ganymead 04:00, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Very complete, well-written article. I don't have any problem with the length.  — mark ✎ 11:47, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, Very good, nicely written. The length is justified by the sheer size of the topic. Inter\Echo 16:09, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I will support after a map is added, preferably to the lead. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 18:06, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * What kind of map would you like? There is no one map of South Africa as the borders changed up until 1910. Páll 21:57, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, then a map showing the changing borders - or several maps. At least something showing south of Africa...well, any useful map will do. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 09:54, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I added a map. Páll 09:21, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Support Nichalp 18:52, Mar 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Many of the "pertinent and interesting images" do not give sources or have dubious copyright status.  Many of them were (until just now) clearly mislabeled as "GFDL".  Sigh...does no one bother to check these things?  —Steven G. Johnson 20:24, Mar 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, most of them do if you went to look at their source on Wikipedia Commons. They are publicly released images by the UN, or they were images publicly released by the South African government. Páll 21:57, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * First, having "most" of the images ok is not enough; for a FAC, I would say that all of the images should be clearly sourced and usable by Wikipedia. (e.g. Image:MrsPles.jpg has no source at all given.)  Second, just because something was posted to the Commons doesn't mean it is usable, if it was posted wrongly to the commons (or at least, if no source or copyright status were given).  Third, for the UN images, at least they are sourced, but I went to the UN Photo Archive, and it has no clear statement that the photos are in the public domain — on the contrary, it says that you have to contact them "for further information on the use of UN Photos".  (If you contacted them and they pointed you to clear permission, please post it.)  —Steven G. Johnson 03:45, Mar 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * I took care of the Mrs Ples image, that was an oversight on my part. The UN images about apartheid are usable under the National Heritage Resources Act (1999) and the Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 38 of 1997. Páll 03:54, 25 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose. I entirely agree with the concerns about the images.  Of the three I was so surprised to see that I checked:
 * Image:Soweto Riots.jpg no source with GFDL placed by User:PZFUN
 * Image:South African Miners.jpg no source with GFDL placed by User:PZFUN
 * Image:Nelson Mandela Being Sworn In.jpg with GFDL placed by User:PZFUN with source and saying "From the UN image archive, used with permission."
 * On this evidence, I would have severe doubts about any copyright statement by User:PZFUN. I would be particularly interested to know what the permission from the UN said given about the GFDL. I read the comment above about the National Heritage Resources Act (1999) and the Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 38 of 1997; I would be interested to know which sections apply (on a very quick skim I did not spot them) and, given this is South African domestic legislation, how they apply to either the United Nations or to Wikipedia. --Henrygb 22:19, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * According to the "Registration of Copyright in Cinematograph Films Act No. 62 of 11 May 1977", "This Act provides for the registration of copyright in cinematograph films on a voluntary basis. The duration of registration is for such period of time as provided for the subsistence of the copyright by virtue of the provisions of the Copyright Act, No. 98 of 1978, i.e. 50 years. A registration constitutes evidence of copyright." However, the images that I used have been used publicly, and are commonly found images. With no credit given. The relevant section of the National Heritage Act of 1999, Section 48, states that "[a] heritage resources authority may prescribe the manner in which an application is made to it for any permit in terms of this Act and other requirements for permit applications, including— (a) any particulars or information to be furnished in the application and any documents, drawings, plans, photographs and fees which should accompany the application [registration]." As of such, the UN has not made such a registration, and since these images are relevant to National Heritage, they may be used for issues pertaining to South African national heritage, until the UN makes a counter-claim that is accepted by a South African judge as a registry. Since these images are of South Africa and stored in South African webspace, South African law governs their use. Páll 21:12, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * First, these are not "Cinematograph Films" which means movies. Second, if as you say South African copyright lasts for 50 years, on the face of it you cannot use anything later than 1955 without the copyright holder's permission.  Third, my reading of the National Heritage Act is that it is about protecting heritage items (e.g. Bushman paintings) and that permission is needed to use them in a way which might affect them; even if it applies to this which I doubt, it seems to prohibit unregistered use rather than allow it.  Fourth, the fact that others on the Internet ignore copyright does not mean Wikipedia can.  Fifth, you cannot just give a GFDLicence on something unless you are the copyright holder, especially if you do not know the source. --Henrygb 02:07, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * No, these are cinematograph films as this law is generaly used for photographs as well. South African copyright alsts for 50 years, if they were registered to be copyrighted, which the UN has not done. The National Heritage Act makes specific reference to photographs as well "3. (1) For the purposes of this Act, those heritage resources of South Africa which are of cultural significance or other special value for the present community and for future generations must be considered part of the national estate and fall within the sphere of operations of heritage resources authorities. 45 vii) books, records, documents, photographic positives and negatives, graphic, film or video material or sound recordings, excluding those that are public records as defined in section 1(xiv) of the National Archives of South Africa Act, 1996 (Act No. 43 of 1996)."

 * The law goes on to state that an image is "is to be considered part of the national estate if it has cultural significance or other special value because of— (a) its importance in the community, or pattern of South Africa’s history; [...] (c) its potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of South Africa’s natural or cultural heritage; (d) its importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of South Africa’s [...] cultural places or objects; [...] (g) its strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons; (h) its strong or special association with the life or work of a person, group or organisation of importance in the history of South Africa (emphasis added); and (i) sites of significance relating to the history of slavery in South Africa. 30 35 40".

 * This clearly to me states that images that are part of the heritage resources of South Africa (of which all of those images clearly are seeing as they are all over the place inside of the apartheid museum, history books on South Africa, as well as the national psyche. It is not just online that I have seen these images, I've seen them in every single book on South African historyt hat I own. I will replace the GFDL licence with a non-commercial tag. Páll 09:11, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * It is clear to me that you do not understand either copyright or how it applies in Wikipedia. This is not the first time this has been an issue.  You cannot neither simply give a non-commercial licence on copyright which is not yours, nor use a non-comercial image in Wikipedia.  But I will stop arguing now, and simply maintain my objection. --Henrygb 17:44, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Agree with mav on article length. In general, I would suggest amending the featured article criteria to say that articles above a certain length should use summary-style in the main article, with links to detailed articles on each section. This is more helpful to the reader than a very long article that just keeps growing, eventually reaching book-length. Remember, we are writing for a diverse audience of readers. The perfect encyclopedia article makes it possible to "zoom in" on as much detail as required. That also leads to some interesting side effects, such as the references in the main article being more general, and the ones in the specific areas being more targeted at readers who are already well-versed in the subject area in question.--Eloquence* 20:54, Mar 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * sofixit :-) Kim Bruning 10:01, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * While your suggestions regarding amending the criteria are valid, I do not think this is the forum for them, Instead, I recommend you bring them up at the valid talk page, because until they are changed, they should not be used as criteria, instead we should go by what has already been made a featured article. In this case, the most similar article, History of Russia, is considerably longer than this article and passed its FAC. This article is already quite concise considering the period of history we are discussing, and it links to side articles where it is possible. As I've said previously, I do not think that 22k per million years of history is excessive, or in any way in bad taste. Páll 21:12, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * And there were many articles without references that went through before we added that requirement. Including many articles that I objected to based on them not having references. Looking at this article I can see two places where it would be natural to use summary style. The ==Apartheid== section and the ==Colonisation== section. Apartheid already exists as its own article. The detail here could be merged there and this section could be summarized with a Main article link to Apartheid (which itself may need to eventually go through the same treatment). Colonisation in South Africa does not exist. So setting that up will be even easier. --mav 21:19, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Support, nicely written article. Kim Bruning 10:01, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Natecry

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 03:01, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Natecry


text: User talk:83.237.17.93

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File:Montereypark.jpg

"Chinatown" in suburban Monterey Park. Originally taken by DasChinatowner for public domain.

title: File:Montereypark.jpg


text:
216 (number)

216 (two hundred [and] sixteen) is the natural number following 215 and preceding 217. It is a cube, and is often called Plato's number, although it is not certain that this is the number intended by Plato.

In mathematics
216 is the cube of 6, and the sum of three cubes:$$216=6^3=3^3+4^3+5^3.$$ It is the smallest cube that can be represented as a sum of three positive cubes, making it the first nontrivial example for Euler's sum of powers conjecture. It is, moreover, the smallest number that can be represented as a sum of any number of distinct positive cubes in more than one way. It is a highly powerful number: the product $$3\times 3$$ of the exponents in its prime factorization $$216 = 2^3\times 3^3$$ is larger than the product of exponents of any smaller number.

Because there is no way to express it as the sum of the proper divisors of any other integer, it is an untouchable number. Although it is not a semiprime, the three closest numbers on either side of it are, making it the middle number between twin semiprime-triples, the smallest number with this property. Sun Zhiwei has conjectured that each natural number not equal to 216 can be written as either a triangular number or as a triangular number plus a prime number; however, this is not possible for 216. If the conjecture is true, 216 would be the only number for which this is not possible.

There are 216 ordered pairs of four-element permutations whose products generate all the other permutations on four elements. There are also 216 fixed hexominoes, the polyominoes made from 6 squares, joined edge-to-edge. Here "fixed" means that rotations or mirror reflections of hexominoes are considered to be distinct shapes.

In other fields
216 is one common interpretation of Plato's number, a number described in vague terms by Plato in the Republic. Other interpretations include $3,600$ and $12,960,000$.

There are 216 colors in the web-safe color palette, a $$6\times 6\times 6$$ color cube.

In the game of checkers, there are 216 different positions that can be reached by the first three moves.

The proto-Kabbalistic work Sefer Yetzirah states that the creation of the world was achieved by the manipulation of 216 sacred letters.

title: 216 (number)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Krilleyekils

Krilleyekils
Gorgeous, scientific, and enhances a string of pages. By Uwe Kils, used on Antarctic krill, Compound eye, Eye and others. - Mark1 03:05, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Nominate and support. Mark1 03:05, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * neutral - looks really good if you click twice in the image Uwe Kils 03:30, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Support. Dr. kils' pictures are, as always, a feast for the eye. El_C 12:03, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support--very informative. Meelar (talk) 13:54, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Something to make some wonder. Image is wonderful. • Thorpe • 16:19, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - Wow! Sango  123  17:37, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - Very cool. -- Silversmith Hewwo 17:55, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Just another macro photograph in a long line of macro photographs. Chicago god 18:45, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. The wider view and closer view are impressive too. And there's even a diagram, so you can build one yourself ;-) Very illustrative. -- Solipsist 19:39, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 *  Oppose Support. Copyright-Fair Use images aren't appropriate for Featured pic. (too bad, it is a nice picture) The larger version says GFDL, so if the copyright is clarified, I will change my vote. Lorax 23:48, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * changed it to gfdl - did not know it - I would like that many people can see this amazing structure of this mystic animal of the Southern Seas - Uwe Kils 23:51, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Great, I changed my vote.  You know if you put the GFDL in double braces '{'  it will put in the licensing box and catagorize it correctly. For an example, look at the picture directly above this one. Lorax 00:20, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. Stunning image, hypnotic in effect, and informative too. Tannin 06:08, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support -- Chris 73 Talk 14:04, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 *  Oppose Support.I nominated another image so I oppose his one.. But generaly I have nothing against it.
 * Actually I am sorry, I didn't knew it is possible to vote for multiple imagesKnutson 23 : 37, Jun16, 2005 (UTC)

 * support. Actually, it may be a good illustration to the article Tessellations of the sphere. In the image you see that the small bubbles squeezed into hexagons. It can be mathematically proven that it is impossible to regularly tessellate a sphere into hexagons only. The Nature (or God) surely knows this. Exercise: find pentagonal bubbles in the picture. mikka (t) 23:06, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Nice — I think I can see one pentagon. See also Geodesic domes of Buckminster Fuller. So not only does this echo Pollinator's Dragonfly eye, but US Navy Radomes too. -- Solipsist 23:23, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Now that you liked it, I have to confess I was a bit imprecise: I was speaking about the regular tessellation, where every edge is shared by exactly 3 faces and every vertex is shared by exactly 3 edges. Also, the whole sphere (or egg, or balloon of any shape (topologically equivalent to sphere)) must be covered. Other examples you've shown do not "use" the whole sphere. Nice they are, anyway. mikka (t) 00:18, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. The detail is astounding. Enochlau 07:35, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * -- brian0918 ™  13:10, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Symbol support vote.png|15px]] Support - Darwinek 14:06, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. James F. (talk) 23:39, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This link is Broken 1 July 2005 02:36 (UTC)


text:
Category talk:Roman Catholic archbishops

There's already a category for Archbishops, why do we need another one for Roman Catholic archbishops

 * Because not all archbishops are Roman Catholic. Archbishops of Canterbury and York, for instance. —Ashley Y 04:54, 2005 Jun 15 (UTC)
 * The Archbishop of America also comes to mind. Gentgeen 3 July 2005 04:57 (UTC)

In response to the suggestion to merge with Archbishops
Of course not. Not all archbishops are Catholic. Catholic archbishops are a subset of Archbishops. Bill 17:24, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Scope
The scope of this category should be clarified. Does it includes Eastern Catholic archbishops? It seems it doesn't include them. But the wikidata item linked covers both Eastern and Western/Roman/Latin Catholic archbishops.--Norrin_strange (Talk) 09:16, 9 December 2020 (UTC)


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People's Choice Party

The People's Choice Party (also Peoples Choice Party or PCP) was a New Zealand political party. It was a registered party from 1999 to 2002, and its members have contested mayoral, local, and national elections since 1998.

History
The People's Choice Party was formed in 1999 by Rusty Kane and Doug Wilson. Wilson had previously held a protest walk from New Plymouth to Wellington, during which he collected 52,000 signatures for a petition.

Wilson stood for the 1998 Taranaki-King Country by-election as a candidate for People's Choice. The People's Choice Party was officially registered before the 1999 election, which required at least 500 paid members. The party contested the 1999 general election to show opposition to the MMP voting system and received 387 party votes and a total of 154 electorate votes in two electorates. This included Kane standing in the Te Tai Hauāuru Maori electorate, the first non-Maori to stand in that seat.

The party was deregistered after Doug Wilson's retirement in 2002. However, it continued to act as an unregistered party and Rusty Kane remained active in politics. As of 2015, Kane had unsuccessfully stood in six national elections, run for the Stratford mayoralty, the Taranaki District Health Board, twice for a place on the Taranaki Regional Council, and once for the New Plymouth council. He also ran for Bay of Plenty Regional Council in 2016. He has frequently stood for electorates and local councils for areas he does not live and has been described as a "serial campaigner" and as "the man who runs more than a nose during winter". Kane has run sometimes under the People's Choice banner and sometimes as an independent; he also joined the Conservative Party but left in 2012 citing its 'anti-gay stance'.

Kane has described the party as a "ginger group, set up to advocate a political voice on behalf of small groups and individuals". Kane has stated that the party seeks to highlight issues, not to win seats. For example, the party stood in the 2009 Mt Albert by-election to support the binding of Citizens Initiated Referenda.

Other uses of the name
In 2016, The People's Choice began to contest local body elections and won three counselor seats on the Canterbury Regional Council (Environment Canterbury). However, the group's website does not mention Kane, Wilson, or a history of past action and the group appears unconnected to Kane's party.

title: People's Choice Party


text:
Shawn Pyfrom

Shawn Caminiti Pyfrom (born August 16, 1986) is an American actor and singer who has appeared in several television series and films. He is best known for his portrayal of Andrew Van de Kamp on ABC's Desperate Housewives and as Lionel Griff in Playhouse Disney's Stanley.

Early life
Pyfrom was born in Tampa, Florida. He is of Welsh, English, Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Italian, German, Hungarian, and French descent. "Caminiti," his middle name, is the maiden name of his mother, Gail. Pyfrom has an older brother named Christopher and a younger sister named Amber.

Career
He is best known for his recurring role as Andrew Van de Kamp, the son of Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross) and Rex Van de Kamp (Steven Culp) on ABC's Desperate Housewives. He played the role as a recurring guest appearance throughout the show's first season (2004–2005). After appearing in the entire second season as a supporting cast member (for which he was credited in the opening credits) and appearing in the third season and fourth season, he returned in the fifth season as a full-fledged series regular. Shawn appeared in the Walt Disney Pictures film The Shaggy Dog (2006) opposite Tim Allen and Kristin Davis and the film The Darkroom (2007) opposite Erin Foster. In 2009, Pyfrom left Desperate Housewives as a series regular but continued to make frequent guest appearances, including the final season.

In the wake of Philip Seymour Hoffman's death in 2014 by overdose, Pyfrom admitted five-month recovery as of February 2014 from drug addiction and alcoholism.

Filmography
Film

title: Shawn Pyfrom


text:
Patagium

The patagium (: patagia) is a membranous body part that assists an animal in obtaining lift when gliding or flying. The structure is found in extant and extinct groups of flying and gliding animals including bats, birds, some dromaeosaurs, pterosaurs, gliding mammals, some flying lizards, and flying frogs. The patagium that stretches between an animal's hind limbs is called the uropatagium (especially in bats) or the interfemoral membrane.

Bats
In bats, the skin forming the surface of the wing is an extension of the skin of the abdomen that runs to the tip of each digit, uniting the forelimb with the body.

The patagium of a bat has four distinct parts:
 * 1) Propatagium: the patagium present from the neck to the first digit.
 * 2) Dactylopatagium: the portion found within the digits.
 * 3) Plagiopatagium: the portion found between the last digit and the hindlimbs.
 * 4) Uropatagium: the posterior portion of the flap between the two hindlimbs.

Pterosaurs
In the flying pterosaurs, the patagium was composed of the membrane forming the surface of the wing, supported primarily between the body and the elongated fourth finger.

The patagium of a pterosaur had three distinct parts:
 * 1) Propatagium: the anterior-most membrane, extending from the shoulder to the wrist. Pterosaurs developed a unique bone to support this membrane, the pteroid.
 * 2) Brachiopatagium: the main flight surface, stretching from the elongated fourth finger to the hindlimbs.
 * 3) Uropatagium or cruropatagium: the posterior-most membrane occurring between the two hindlimbs.
 * 4) A laser-stimulated fluorescence scan on Pterodactylus also identified a membranous "fairing" (area conjunctioning the wing with the body at the neck), as opposed to the feathered or fur-composed "fairing" seen in birds and bats respectively.

Gliding mammals
Flying squirrels, sugar gliders, colugos, anomalures and other mammals also have patagia that extend between the limbs; as in bats and pterosaurs, they also possess propatagia and uropatagia. Though the forelimb is not as specialised as in true flyers, the membrane tends to be an equally complex organ, composed of various muscle groups and fibers. Various species have styliform bones to support the membranes, either on the elbow (colugos, anomalures, greater glider, Eomys) or on the wrist (flying squirrels).

Other
In gliding species, such as some lizards and flying frogs, the patagium is the flat parachute-like extension of skin that catches the air, which allows gliding flight.

In birds, the propatagium is the elastic fold of skin extending from the shoulder to the carpal joint, making up the leading edge of the inner wing. Many authors use the term to describe the fold of skin between the body (behind the shoulder) and the elbow that houses the outer segments of the latissimus dorsi caudalis and triceps scapularis muscles. Similarly the fleshy pad that houses the follicles of the remiges (primary and secondary feathers) caudal to the hand and the ulna is also often referred to as a patagium. The interremigial ligament that connects the bases all the primary and secondary feathers as it passes from the tip of the hand to the elbow is thought to represent the caudal edge of the ancestral form of this patagium.

The scansoriopterygid dinosaurs Yi and Ambopteryx had rather elaborate, superficially bat-like patagia in the forelimbs, unique among dinosaurs. The exact extent is not clear, but they were extensive and supported by a long styliform bone as in gliding mammals. Other scansoriopterygids might have had similar patagia, based on their long third fingers.

title: Patagium


text: User talk:70.248.177.186

title: User talk:70.248.177.186


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Talk:Contradictions Collapse

Fair use rationale for Image:Meshuggah-Contradictions.jpg
Image:Meshuggah-Contradictions.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:14, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Meshuggah-Contradictions.jpg
Image:Meshuggah-Contradictions.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 15:04, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Contradictions Collapse
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Contradictions Collapse's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Official bio": From Meshuggah discography:  From Meshuggah:

Reference named "AMG bio": From Meshuggah:  From Meshuggah discography:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 11:38, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

Genres
Hi, I don't think alternative metal should be a genre listed so I am giving a week for any comments and then I will remove it. Lukejordan02 (talk) 02:43, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

[taken from my talk page] I think Allmusic defines alternative metal differently from Wikipedia, here on Wikipedia it's defined as heavier, more experimental grunge/alternative rock music from the early 90s, while on Allmusic nu metal, groove metal and alternative metal are usually defined as the exact same thing

On the Allmusic alternative metal page it explains "At its outset, alternative metal was a style united by its nonconformist sensibility rather than any immediately classifiable sound. Heavy metal was at the core of the music, but the bands were too offbeat and their influences too eclectic to fit into the thrash underground" while on the page for this album they state "In contrast to their later, more progressive-oriented work, the album generally falls into the alternative metal category, with ultra-heavy riffs and hints of hip-hop or industrial dance in the drum patterns." They must regard this album as alternative metal since it didn't quite fit into the thrash metal underground with it's eccentric influences, while at the same time not quite being progressive metal either. I call the big one bitey (talk) 03:10, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

The guidelines recommend as few genres as possible so I think Thrash Metal & Progressive Metal should be more than enough to cover it because if we keep Alternative Metal then why not add Jazz Fusion and so on and then where does it end? Lukejordan02 (talk) 03:13, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

 * The source is pretty explicit: "the album generally falls into the alternative metal category". You don't get much more blatant than that, and Allmusic is considered reliable on Wikipedia (per WP:ALBUM/SOURCES). I don't see a good reason to remove it, especially since it's the only thing in this article that is actually sourced (and in fact, it contradicts "progressive metal"). I'm sure there are other sources out there that talk about the album's thrash metal, and possibly about progressive metal (although I wouldn't be surprised if there weren't, seeing as this album wasn't all that "progressive"). But no, I don't think "alternative metal" should be removed. MrMoustacheMM (talk) 03:48, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:54, 15 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Meshuggah contradictons-collapse reissue.jpg

title: Talk:Contradictions Collapse


text: Template:Flag icon/core

title: Template:Flag icon/core


text:
Talk:Tabor Academy (Massachusetts)

Go seawolves!

Thank you whoever said this! I agree! Seawolves are number one!!! Luv and Peace! Allyn (talk) 06:17, 9 February 2017 (UTC)

Notable alumni and alumnae
There should be a section for these. I don't have enough knowledge of the matter. FEastman 20:57, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

GO PETER WILLIAMS

 * Please note that these entries need to be reference and the referenced need to cover two separate points, 1) that they actually attended the school and 2) that they are notable in some way. See WP:WPSCH/AG
 * Dbiel (Talk) 20:53, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

The following entries have been removed due to lack of any reference to support that they attended the school. They are listed here to make it easier to find referneces and to reinsert them. Note: some of the entries that were not deleted still need to be referenced on the linked articles Dbiel (Talk) 21:19, 17 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Amy Correia, singer
 * Evan Lehrer
 * E.J. Bradley, NHL player
 * Eric Nickulas, NHL player
 * Deron Quint, NHL player
 * Todd Reirdan, NHL player
 * Blake Sloan, NHL player
 * Andrew O'Rourke
 * Mason Strand, Rapper
 * Kelley Burke, Notable Author and Dentist

Fair use rationale for Image:Tabor seal.gif
Image:Tabor seal.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 02:35, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Morehead-Cain Scholarship. It is the secondary school equivalent of the Rhodes Scholarship
This is not true. While the Morehead-Cain was apparently modeled after Rhodes to some extent, it is in no way equivalent. 96.42.57.164 (talk) 20:15, 29 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tabor Academy (Massachusetts)


text:
Quebradillas, Puerto Rico

Quebradillas is a town and municipality of the island of Puerto Rico located in the northern shore bordering the Atlantic Ocean, north of San Sebastián; east of Isabela; and west of Camuy. Quebradillas is spread over seven barrios and Quebradillas Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Quebradillas is called "La Guarida del Pirata" (The Pirate's Hideout). A well-known beach in the area, Puerto Hermina, is home to an old structure known to have been a hiding place for pirates and their contraband.

History
The town was founded in 1823 by Felipe Ruiz. There were many factors that cause the inhabitants of this territory of Puerto Rico to be independent from the towns that formed the Hato de la Tuna resulting in the formation of a new municipality. The town lacked chapels or churches, religious services nor priests, a place to bury the dead, a post office, and quality roads to transport. They relied on the neighboring municipalities of Camuy, Hatillo and Isabela. This would however be a problem during the rainy seasons when the Río Camuy and Río Guajataca water level rose resulting in closed off passage to the other municipalities and would sometimes take up to a week for the water level to return to normal. This led the residents of the area to organize a corporation that would look after the political, economic and administrative interests of "Las Quebradillas" and its jurisdiction. This town derives its name from the large number of streams flowing through it. Quebradillas means "small streams".

Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became a territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Quebradillas was 7,432.

On September 20, 2017 Hurricane Maria struck the island of Puerto Rico. In Quebradillas, 800 concrete barriers had to be built to stabilize the Guajataca reservoir which suffered a structural failure and was causing a "life-threatening situation". "It’s a structural failure. I don’t have any more details," Governor Ricardo Rosselló stated. "We’re trying to evacuate as many people as possible." Rosselló ordered the Puerto Rico National Guard and the Police to help assist in the evacuation effort downstream. The dam lies across the Guajataca River to form a reservoir that can hold roughly 11 billion gallons of water.

In Quebradillas, infrastructure and about 2200 homes were damaged or completely destroyed.

Geography
Quebradillas, located in the Northern Karst, borders on the Atlantic Ocean, is north of San Sebastián; east of Isabela, and west of Camuy. Quebradillas is home to one of the 20 designated forest preserves in Puerto Rico, the Guajataca State Forest. The forest serves as a great example of an unusual topography known as karst country. Karst is characterized by dissolved limestone formations such as sinkholes and haystack-shaped hills known as "mogotes". It is also home to the beautiful man-made reservoir, Guajataca Lake (2.5 mi long), where you can fish for largemouth bass, peacock bass, tilapia and bluegill (in Spanish known as "chopa"). You can also go hiking or camping. The Puerto Rico Council of the Boy Scouts of America maintains a campground on the lake known as Camp Guajataka. The name Guajataca comes from the name Wahataka, a Taíno chief who lived in this area. This Indian chief also gives his name to Guajataca Beach to the north where Río Guajataca flowing from Guajataca Lake meets the Atlantic Ocean. Guajataca Beach is popular with surfers and is known for its white sands and wild waves. This beach is ideal for sunning and collecting seashells.

Barrios
Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Quebradillas is subdivided into barrios. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located in a barrio referred to as "el pueblo".
 * 1) Cacao
 * 2) Charcas
 * 3) Cocos
 * 4) Guajataca
 * 5) Quebradillas barrio-pueblo
 * 6) San Antonio
 * 7) San José
 * 8) Terranova

Sectors
Barrios (which are like minor civil divisions) are further subdivided into smaller areas called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.

Special Communities
Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of social exclusion. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Quebradillas: Guajataca, Montadero, Parcelas Italas in Terranova, San Antonio, and Sector Las Piedras Barrio Cocos.

Climate
The general climate of the town is tropical.

Landmarks and places of interest
There are 6 beaches in Quebradillas.

The town of Quebradillas had a private zoo called El Arca de Noé (Noah's Ark), which was in operation for about 50 years. In 2012 it was closed after its owners where 90 years old and could no longer care for the animals, as a result they were moved to the Dr. Juan A. Rivero Zoo. The town also had El Museo de Muñecas (Quebradillas Doll Museum) which housed over 1,000 Barbie dolls in Cocos.

The main attractions of Quebradillas are:
 * El Merendero (Scenic Park and Ocean Look-Out)
 * Miradero Guajataca
 * Guajataca Lake Reservoir
 * The Liberty Theater (downtown)
 * Puerto Hermina Beach Pirate Ruins contains rock carvings such as La Cabeza del Indio (The Indian Face)
 * Puente Blanco (an old railway bridge)
 * Casa Rafols-Iribas, site of Casa de la Cultura Cacique Mabodamaca (non-profit organization dedicated to preserve the culture, the arts and the historical sites of the town of Quebradillas)
 * Los Chorritos Pirata Aquatic Park
 * The municipal mini golf course

Business
A small shopping center called Quebradillas Plaza is located in this municipality.

An event which negatively affected the region in the decade of the 1990s was the disappearance of tax exemptions to the private corporations Section 936 of the code of the US Internal Revenue Service, which at the time was the resulted in the closure of one of the greater manufacturers of textiles in the northwest area of the island. This decline of the industry of the needle occurred similarly in the bordering cities like Isabela and Camuy, generating a regional economic decline as the locals greatly depended on these jobs. In nearby towns like Hatillo, Mayagüez and Aguadilla, the arrival of mega stores and new shopping centers attracted the jobs that used to be in Quebradillas.

The island lacks mass public transportation, people must resort to private cars. The only road to access the important cities, the Puerto Rico Highway 2 suffers from congestion. The town possesses one tunnel that at the beginning of the 20th century was used by steam driven trains that traveled throughout the Island. This absence aggravates the problem of mass transit and the dependence on privately owned vehicles as these are the only method of transportation.

The economy, entering into the 21st century, is based on retail sales. Many small businesses are located along the two main thoroughfares that cross Quebradillas. These consist mainly of light hardware, bakeries, pharmacies, seafood restaurants, American fast food chains and automobile car repair shops.

The town has bank branches for Banco Popular and local savings and credit Unions. These credit unions are most noted for their involvement in common and cultural activities, sponsoring and participating in festivals of typical music such as "Festival of the Gourd in December", sports and educational activities.

Festivals and events
Quebradillas celebrates its patron saint festival in October. The Fiestas Patronales de San Rafael Arcangel is a religious and cultural celebration that generally features parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.

Other festivals and events celebrated in Quebradillas include:
 * Wake of the Three Kings – January
 * Kite Festival – February
 * Guajataca Carnival – January/February
 * Serenade to Mothers – May
 * Serenade to Fathers – June
 * Quebradillas Cultural Festival – December

Sports
The town's official basketball team is  Los Piratas'   who have won a dramatic number of tournaments in the past. Presently the team has made a "comeback" and has won the championship of the island (2013).
 * Basketball teams
 * Surfing – Guajataca Beach and Puerto Hermina (Pirates Cove)
 * Skateboarding – San Jose Skatepark
 * Baseball – Los Cocos Park
 * Longboarding

Government
The town's government is a small unit with few powers it can execute. Elections are hosted in specific schools every four years to choose a town mayor.

There are several versions detailing different individuals who have served as mayor. An official promotional booklet details 46, while another source states 47. It has also been asserted that a woman, Francisca Lamela de Cordero, served between 1944–1945, in a source that presents 56 incumbents, however she is not included in the municipal-approved list, which expresses that since its founding the town has elected 61 mayors:

Transportation
There are 4 bridges in Quebradillas.

Symbols
The municipio has an official flag and coat of arms.

Flag
It has two red quarters. The red stands for struggle, effort and sacrifice. The other two-quarters have each five green and white wavy stripes, similar to those that appear in the shield.

Coat of arms
The three waved stripes represent the quebradillas (Spanish for creeks or streams), over the green background of the vegetation. The fish and the walking stick (distinctive of the traveler), are insignias of the angel Saint Raphael, by allusion from the episodes narrated in the Book of Tobias in the Old Testament.

Education
The town features various public and private schools. There is also a public electronic library near Los Chorritos Pirata water park. In 2021 the municipal government opened a child daycare center. Some schools have been remodeled as a result of a government initiative to have "21st century" schools.

Schools
Private schools:
 * Manuel Ramos Hernandez
 * Juan Alejo de Arizmendi
 * Eugenio Maria De Hostos
 * Luis Muñoz Rivera
 * Honorio Hernandez
 * Pedro Albizu Campos
 * Ramon E. Betances
 * Ramon Avila Molinari
 * Ramon Saavedra
 * Jose De Diego

 * Colegio San Rafael
 * Soles del Jardín
 * Pequeños Aprendiendo

title: Quebradillas, Puerto Rico


text:
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title: Template talk:Country flagicon