text:
List of nurses

This is a list of famous nurses in history. To be listed here, the nurse must already have a Wiki biography article. For background information see History of nursing and Timeline of nursing history. For nurses in art, film and literature see list of fictional nurses.

A-D

 * Lady Harriet Acland (1750–1815), British noblewoman
 * Saint Alda (died c. 1309), Italian Catholic saint
 * Moyra Allen (1921–1996), helped develop the McGill Model of Nursing
 * Allen Allensworth (1842–1914) famous African-American American Civil War soldier who started as a nurse
 * Sir Jonathan Asbridge, first president of the UK's Nursing and Midwifery Council
 * Charles Atangana (1880–1943), paramount chief of the Ewondo and Bane in Cameroon
 * Martha Ballard (1735–1812), American frontier midwife, great-aunt of Clara Barton
 * Nita Barrow (1916–1995), 5th Governor-General of Barbados who started as a nurse midwife and public health educator
 * Clara Barton (1821–1912), organized the American Red Cross
 * Christine Beasley CBE (born 1944), Chief Nursing Officer for England
 * Irene L. Beland (1906–2000), American nursing educator, author of Clinical Nursing: Pathophysiological and Psychosocial Approaches
 * Ann A. Bernatitus (1912–2003), one of the Angels of Bataan - USN nurses in the Philippines in WW2
 * Claire Bertschinger Swiss-British nurse who inspired the Band Aid charity movement
 * Mary Ann Bickerdyke (1817–1901), nurse during the American Civil War known as "Mother Bickerdyke"
 * Florence Blake (1907–1983), American pediatric nursing professor and author
 * Florence A. Blanchfield (1884–1971), superintendent of the United States Army Nurse Corps
 * Cecilia Blomqvist (1845–1890), Finnish deaconess
 * Kath Bonnin (1911 – 1985) was an Australian army nurse during WW2
 * Angela Boškin (1885–1977), first professionally trained Slovenian nurse and social worker in Yugoslavia
 * Hilda Bowen (1923–2002), credited with establishing the modern nursing profession in The Bahamas
 * Jo Brand (born 1957), British nurse-turned-comedian
 * Elsa Brändström (1888–1948), Swedish World War I Red Cross nurse in Siberia
 * Mary Carson Breckinridge (1881–1965), founder of the Frontier Nursing Service
 * Vera Brittain (1893–1970), WWI nurse
 * Mary Francis Bridgeman (1813–1888), nun and Crimean War nurse
 * Ellen Johanne Broe (1900–1994) Danish nurse and nursing educator
 * Anna Broms (1862–1890), first professionally trained nurse in Finland
 * Viola Davis Brown (1936–2017), first African-American to lead a state office of public health nursing in the United States
 * Abraão José Bueno (born 1977), Brazilian nurse and serial killer
 * Carrie E. Bullock (1887–1962), African American nurse
 * Vivian Bullwinkel (1915–2000), lone survivor of the Banka Island Massacre, celebrated by the Australian Service Nurses Memorial
 * Elizabeth Burchill (1904–2003) was an Australian nurse, philanthropist and author
 * Betsi Cadwaladr (1789–1860), Welsh nurse who worked alongside Florence Nightingale in the Crimea
 * Amanda Cajander, (1827–1871), pioneer in the education of deaconesses and nursing in Finland
 * Maude E. Callen (1898–1990), American 20th century nurse-midwife
 * John Campbell, British nurse, nursing educator, and YouTuber
 * Vice Admiral Richard Carmona (born 1949), Surgeon General of the United States
 * Dr Peter Carter OBE, British nurse and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing
 * Anne Casey, New Zealand-born pediatric British nurse who developed Casey's model of nursing
 * Edith Cavell (1865–1915), heroine of World War I
 * Maria Cederschiöld (deaconess) (1815–1892), pioneer in the education of deaconesses and nursing in Sweden
 * Ellen Christensen (1913–1998), Danish nurse and resistance fighter
 * Luther Christman (1915–2011), first male dean of a U.S. nursing program; established the Rush model of nursing
 * Dame June Clark (born 1941), Professor at University of Swansea
 * Louise Conring (1824–1891), first professionally trained nurse in Denmark, head of Copenhagen's Deaconess Institute
 * Lady Diana Cooper, prominent social figure in London and Paris, widely acknowledged as the beauty of the century
 * Cubah Cornwallis (died 1848), Jamaican nurse and "doctoress" who treated Nelson and William IV when they were stationed in the West Indies
 * Paul Crawford (born 1963), pioneer of the field of health humanities
 * Evelyn May Cridlan (1889–1961), British nurse and ambulance driver in the First World War
 * Harriet Patience Dame (1815–1900), nurse during the American Civil War, served with the 2nd New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry
 * Grace Ebun Delano (born 1935), pioneer of reproductive health services in Nigeria
 * Jane Delano (1862–1919), founder of the American Red Cross Nursing Service
 * Maria de Villegas de Saint-Pierre (1870–1941) founded the Saint-Camille Nursing School and directed the Élisabeth Hospital in Poperinge during World War I
 * Edith DeVoe (1921–2000) 1st African-American nurse to serve in the regular Navy, World War II and Korean War nurse
 * Marion Dewar (1928–2008), mayor of Ottawa and a member of the Parliament
 * Louise Dietrich (1878–1962), suffragist and nurse in Texas
 * Dorothea Dix (1802–1887), superintendent of Army Nurses during the American Civil War
 * Josephine Dolan (1913–2004), nursing historian and educator at the University of Connecticut
 * Mary Donaldson, Baroness Donaldson of Lymington (1921–2003), Lord Mayor of London
 * Sister Dora (1832–1878), British 19th century nurse
 * Ellen Dougherty (1844–1919), first professionally trained Registered Nurse in New Zealand
 * Rosalie Dreyer (1895–1987) Swiss-born, naturalized British nurse and administrator who led the conversion from a volunteer service to the profession of nursing in Britain
 * Lucy Lincoln Drown (1848–1934), American nursing educator
 * Diane Duane (born 1952) American science fiction and fantasy author
 * Lois Dunbar (fl. 1861–1864), American Civil War nurse
 * Anka Đurović (1850–1925), Serbian nurse in the first Serbian-Turkish War, the Bulgarian-Serbian War, the First Balkan War, the Second Balkan War, and World War I.

E-L

 * Sarah Emma Edmundson (1841–1898), Canadian-American author who served with the Union Army in the American Civil War
 * Alice Gordon Elliott OBE (1886–1977), Australian nurse and community worker
 * Victoria Joyce Ely (1889-1979), Florida's first licensed midwife. Conducted training programs for midwives in the state
 * Queen Fabiola of Belgium (1928–2014), worked as a floor nurse in Spain before being crowned Queen of Belgium
 * Saint Fabiola (died 399), Catholic saint who cared for the sick and poor
 * Helen Fairchild (1885–1918), World War I nurse
 * Florence Farmborough (1887–1978), British nurse who kept diaries of her service during World War I as a Red Cross nurse with the Imperial Russian army
 * Ainna Fawcett-Henesy, former Regional Adviser on Nursing and Midwifery for Europe for WHO
 * Ethel Gordon Fenwick (1856–1947), British nurse who campaigned for a law limiting nursing to "registered" nurses only
 * Erna Flegel (1911–2006), Adolf Hitler's nurse
 * Alma E. Foerster (1885–1967), American nurse who served in World War I, received the Florence Nightingale Medal (1920) and then worked in the United States Public Health Service
 * Edna Lois Foley (1878–1943), American nurse
 * Elizabeth Warham Forster (1886–1972), American nurse who served the Navajo Nation and advocated for their retention of traditional medicine practices
 * Edith de Magalhães Fraenkel (1889-1969), Brazilian nurse
 * Michiko Fujiwara (1900–1983), Japanese nurse who later became a politician
 * Genevieve de Galard (1925–2024), French nurse during the French war in Indochina
 * Nelly Garzón Alarcón (1932–2019), Colombian nurse, teacher; first Latin American nurse to be president of the International Council of Nurses
 * Eliza George (1808–1865), American Civil War nurse
 * Abigail Hopper Gibbons (1801–1893), abolitionist activist during the American Civil War
 * Helen L. Gilson (1836–1868), American Civil War nurse
 * Stella Goostray (1886–1969), American nurse, author and educator
 * Marjory Gordon, nursing theorist and professor who created a nursing assessment theory known as Gordon's functional health patterns
 * Kate Gosselin, American television personality
 * Dorothy Granada (b. 1930), American nurse, humanitarian, and peace and social justice activist who founded a women's healthcare clinic in Mulukukú, Nicaragua, and was awarded the International Pfeffer Peace Award in 1997
 * Elinor D. Gregg (1889–1970), American public nurse
 * Cathinka Guldberg (1840–1919), first professionally trained nurse in Norway
 * Cornelia Hancock (1839–1926), American Civil War nurse
 * Jean Evelyn Headberry (1911–1993), Australian registered nurse and midwife and recipient of the Florence Nightingale Medal
 * Lucille Hegamin (1894–1970), blues recording artist
 * Eliza Parks Hegan (1861–1917), Canadian nurse
 * Bodil Hellfach (1856–1941), Danish nurse, deputy head of the Danish Nurses' Organization
 * Virginia Henderson (1897–1996), 'First Lady of Nursing", American nurse theorist
 * Monina Hernandez, first Filipino nurse to be appointed to the Nursing Council of New Zealand and first Filipino elected as director of the New Zealand Nurses Organisation
 * Mary A. Hickey (1874–1954), American nurse and health administrator
 * Lenah Higbee (1874–1941), pioneering U.S. Navy nurse during World War I
 * Gerda Höjer (1893-1974), recipient of the Florence Nightingale Medal and President of the International Council of Nurses
 * Lydia Holman (1868–1960), American nurse who dedicated her life to promoting rural public health
 * Anna Morris Holstein (1825-1900), Civil War Nurse, Matron-in-Chief, from Gettysburg to Virginia, Author of Three Years in Field Hospitals Of The Army Of The Potomac
 * Dame Agnes Hunt (1867-1948), British Orthopaedic Nursing pioneer
 * Alberta Hunter (1895-1984), jazz singer
 * Rachela Hutner (1909-2008) Polish pioneer nurse, credited with establishing the modern Polish nursing profession
 * Euphemia Steele Innes RRC DN (1874–1955), Scottish nurse, matron of Leeds General Infirmary and of 2nd Northern General Hospital, founded Leeds Nurses' League
 * Calamity Jane (1852-1903), American frontierswoman and nurse
 * Sally Lucas Jean (1878–1971), American health educator and nurse
 * Victoria Jensen (1847–1930), deaconess, nursing supervisor, from 1914 head of Copenhagen's Deaconess Institute
 * Hazel Johnson-Brown (1927-2011), first African-American head of the United States Army Nurse Corps
 * June Jolly (1928–2016), British pioneer of children's nursing
 * Liliane Juchli (1933-2020), Swiss nurse and author/editor of a highly influential nursing textbook
 * Ani Kalayjian Syrian born Armenian American academic, nurse, and founder of Meaningful World
 * Carol Kefford (born 1958), British nurse and administrator
 * Virginia Clinton Kelley (1923-1994), mother of United States President Bill Clinton
 * Alicia Mary Kelly (1874 – 1942) was awarded the Military Medal and the Royal Red Cross.
 * Dame Betty Kershaw, Professor at Sheffield
 * Eunice Muringo Kiereini, (born 1939), Chief Nursing Officer of Kenya and first African president of the International Council of Nurses
 * Docia Kisseih, (1919-2008), initiated advances in nursing and nurse training in post-independence Ghana
 * Thora Knudsen (1861–1950), Danish nurse, trades unionist and women's rights activist
 * Ashley Leechin, American social media personality and nurse
 * Nancy J. Lescavage, Director of the Navy Nurse Corps
 * Daurene Lewis, nurse and first Black woman mayor in North America
 * Janet Lim (1923-2014), nurse at St. Andrew's Community Hospital. She was the first nurse from Singapore to study in Britain. She was inducted as 2014 Singapore Women's Hall of Fame.
 * Mary Todd Lincoln (1818-1882), volunteer nurse during the American Civil War
 * Kate Lorig, professor at Stanford University School of Medicine
 * Ljubica Luković, (1858-1915) established the first nurses' training course in Serbia and in 1925 was posthumously awarded the Florence Nightingale Medal
 * Courtney Lyder (born 1966), first black dean of the UCLA School of Nursing

M-R

 * Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (1897-1965)
 * Mary Eliza Mahoney (1845-1946), first professionally trained African-American nurse
 * Jeanne Mance (1606-1673), French nurse, founder of Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal (1645)
 * Sophie Mannerheim (1863-1928), pioneer of modern nursing in Finland
 * Marie Manthey (born 1935), one of the originators of Primary Nursing
 * Louise de Marillac (1591-1660), founder of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul
 * Kate Marsden (1859-1931), British missionary nurse and explorer
 * Sister M. T. Martin (1881-1929) Australian sister who made graffiti in Egypt
 * Anna Maxwell (1851–1929), U.S. Army nurse whose activities were crucial to the growth of professional nursing in America
 * Carolyn McCarthy, American politician
 * Mabel Mary McCutcheon MBE (1886 – 1942) was a British-born nurse who established health facilities at Port Adelaide
 * Jean McFarlane, Baroness McFarlane of Llandaff
 * Louisa McLaughlin (1836-1921), one of the first British Red Cross nurses, served in two wars
 * Louise McManus, first nurse to earn a PhD. Referred to as Louise McManus
 * M. Helena McMillan (1869–1970), Canadian-American nursing educator
 * Agda Meyerson, (1866–1924) pioneering Swedish nurse
 * Anne Milton (born 1955), British Member of Parliament
 * Jane Minor, aka Gensey Snow, (1792–1858), African-American healer, midwife, and slave emancipator
 * Marie de Miribel (1872–1959), French nurse, Catholic activist and politician in Paris
 * Naomi Mitchison (1897-1999), British novelist and poet
 * Jeannine Moquin-Perry, Canadian religious and political activist
 * Sarah Mullally (born 1962) British Chief Nursing Officer and Bishop of London
 * Charlotte Munck (1876–1932), Danish nurse, important figure in the training of nurses
 * Annie Murray (1906-1996) Scottish nurse who went to the Spanish Civil War
 * Razan al-Najar (1996/1997-2018), Palestinian nurse shot during a rescue in 2018 Gaza border protests
 * Elizabeth Grace Neill (1846-1926), Kiwi nurse
 * Bonnie Nettles (1927-1985), co-leader of the Heaven's Gate religious cult
 * Nora Neve (1873-1952), pioneer of missionary nursing in Kashmir
 * Mary Ann Brown Newcomb (1817–1892, American Civil War nurse following the Battle of Fort Donelson
 * Elizabeth B. Nichols (1821–1911), American Union nurse
 * Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), pioneer of modern nursing
 * Lucille Elizabeth Notter (1907-1993), American nurse and nursing researcher
 * Clara Noyes (1869-1946), enrolled 20,000 Red Cross nurses for World War I service, founded the first school for midwives in the U.S.
 * Mary Adelaide Nutting (1858–1948), Canadian nurse, educator, and pioneer in the field of hospital care
 * Lucy Osburn (1836-1891), Australia's first professionally trained nurse
 * Katherine Olmsted (1888–1964), American Red Cross nurse
 * Emily Elizabeth Parsons (1824-1880) American Civil War nurse, hospital administrator, and founder of Mt. Auburn Hospital
 * Sara E. Parsons (1864-1949), American nurse, writer and health administrator
 * Emma Maria Pearson (1828–93), writer and one of the first British Red Cross nurses, served in two wars
 * Lucy Creemer Peckham (1842–1923), American nurse, physician, and poet
 * Hildegard Peplau, first published nursing theorist since Florence Nightingale. She created the middle-range nursing theory of interpersonal relations
 * Anita Thigpen Perry, First Lady of Texas
 * Jill Pettis, New Zealand Member of Parliament
 * Lynne Pillay, New Zealand Member of Parliament
 * Kerry Prendergast, Mayor of Wellington, New Zealand
 * Tom Quinn, influential UK Professor of Cardiac nursing
 * Halima Rafat, pioneer Afghan nurse and women's rights activist, one of the first nurses of her country
 * Kaye Lani Rae Rafko, nurse and Miss America 1988
 * Emmy Rappe (1835-1896), first professionally trained Swedish nurse, pioneer in the education of nurses
 * Rebecca Raymer, American politician and nurse
 * Claire Rayner (1931–2010), British journalist, agony aunt and activist
 * Dorothy E. Reilly (1920-1996), American nurse and nursing educator
 * Anna Reynvaan (1844-1920), first professionally trained nurse in The Netherlands.
 * Linda Richards (1841-1930), America's first professionally trained nurse
 * Isabel Hampton Robb, helped develop early programs of nursing education
 * Rachel Robinson (born 1922), wife of baseball star Jackie Robinson
 * Elaine Roe, U.S. Army nurse, one of the first four women to be awarded the Silver Star
 * Debbie Rowe (born 1958), wife of singer Michael Jackson

S-Z

 * Margaret Sanger (1879-1966), founder of the U.S. birth control movement.
 * Betty Schmoll (1936-2015), founder of Hospice of Dayton, one of the first hospice programs in the United States.
 * Lynda Scott, New Zealand MP.
 * Mary Seacole (1805-1881), Jamaican British nurse in the Crimean War known as "the Black Florence Nightingale".
 * Schwester Selma (1884-1984), German-Jewish head nurse in Jerusalem, known as "the Jewish Florence Nightingale".
 * Flora Madeline Shaw (1864–1927), Canadian nurse and nursing teacher
 * Nigar Shikhlinskaya (1871-1931), first professionally trained Azerbaijani nurse.
 * Kapelwa Sikota (1928 – 2006), first Zambian registered nurse.
 * Kathleen Simon, Viscountess Simon (1864-1955), British abolitionist.
 * Jessie Sleet Scales (1865-1956), first black public health nurse in the United States.
 * Myrah Keating Smith (1908-1994) nurse, midwife, only medical provider on Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands for two decades
 * Mabel Keaton Staupers (1890-1989), advocate for racial equality in the nursing profession during era of American segregation.
 * Daphne Steele (1929-2004), Guyanese Matron, was the first Black Matron in the British NHS.
 * Maria Stencel (1900–1985), Polish Director of the School of Nursing at Łódź in 1946
 * Margaretta Styles (1930-2005), American advocate for standardization of nursing credentials, University of California, San Francisco Nursing School dean, past president of the American Nurses Association and International Council of Nurses.
 * Adah Belle Samuels Thoms (1870-1943), pioneering African-American rights activist, who fought for African-American nurses to be permitted to serve in the U.S. armed forces.
 * Violetta Thurstan (1879-1978), nurse in WWI, decorated for bravery.
 * Annie Rensselaer Tinker (1884-1924), volunteer nurse in WWI, suffragist, and philanthropist
 * Sally Louisa Tompkins (1833-1916), humanitarian and philanthropist during the American Civil War.
 * Harriet Tubman (c. 1822–1913), African-American abolitionist.
 * Florence Wald (1917-2008), founder of the hospice movement in the U.S.
 * Lillian Wald (1867-1940), founder of visiting nursing in the U.S.
 * Jean Watson, an American nurse theorist and nursing professor, best known for her Theory of Human Caring.
 * Faye Wattleton (born 1943), president of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.
 * Elizabeth Wettlaufer (born 1967), Canadian serial killer who murdered eight of her patients with insulin injections.
 * Walt Whitman (1819-1892), American poet, American Civil War nurse.
 * Mary Opal Wolanin (1910 – 1997), American nurse and expert in eldercare
 * Sarah Palmer Young (1830-1908), American Civil War nurse, author of a memoir.
 * Tome Yoshida (1876-1963), Japanese nurse.
 * Sophie Zahrtmann (1841–1925), deaconess, nurse, head of Copenhagen's Deaconess Institute

title: List of nurses


text:
Spector v. Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd.

Spector v. Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd., 545 U.S. 119 (2005), was a United States Supreme Court decision that determined (in a 6–3 decision) that the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) applies to foreign cruise ships in American waters.

Background
Douglas Spector and the four other disabled plaintiffs use mobility scooters and wheelchairs. They sued Norwegian Cruise Line under Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act after traveling aboard cruise ships (the Norwegian Sea and the Norwegian Star) registered in the Bahamas. Spector had purchased premium tickets, which were marketed as more handicap friendly. However, the ship was not easily accessible. He had limited or no access to swimming pools, restaurants, elevators, and public restrooms because of physical barriers. The premium room was of lower quality than less expensive non-wheelchair friendly rooms. He was not allowed to participate in emergency drills and no emergency exit plan was laid out for disabled persons. Norwegian Cruise Line argued that American laws did not apply to the cruise line because it was registered in the Bahamas. The cruise line's ships, however, were based out of Miami ports.

Spector first sued the cruise line in federal district court in Houston, Texas (Spector's home town). The court ruled against Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd. saying that despite their foreign flag they must abide by American laws when in American waters. The US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit overturned the lower court and moved for the case to be dismissed. Spector appealed the case to the Supreme Court.

Decision
The judgment of the Fifth Circuit was reversed and the case was remanded for further proceedings. Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy delivered the judgment of the court and was joined by Justice John Paul Stevens, Justice David Souter, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Justice Stephen Breyer (as to Parts I, II–A–1, and II–B–2); Justice Stevens, and Justice Souter (as to Parts II–A–2, II–B–1, II–B–3, and III–B); and Justice Stevens, Justice Souter, and Justice Clarence Thomas (as to Part III–A).

Justice Ginsburg wrote an opinion concurring in part and concurring in the judgment, in which she was joined by Justice Breyer. Justice Thomas wrote an opinion concurring in part, dissenting in part, and concurring in the judgment in part.

Justice Antonin Scalia wrote a dissenting opinion in which he was joined by Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, and which was joined by Justice Thomas (as to Part I–A).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Spector v. Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jenkins Boys Club Bears

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CDC  (talk)  23:08, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Jenkins Boys Club Bears
Team vanity. Not notable. 0 google hits. --Xcali 23:19, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Not So. I've heard of these guys. They started a team when they all got cut. From savannah, GA. It's a nice story. Let 'em stay. --VandyMath05

Keep, this is a really great story. It's about keeping your head up, fighting through adversity, and making the best out of nothing. Not anything unlike a cheesy Disney movie, except in real life. I agree with Mr. VandyMath, let them stay. I heard about them through word of mouth (granted, I live 30 miles away from their hometown) and this is definitely something moving through the streets. RWallace31

Delete. Completely non-notable. It's not hard to conclude that VandyMath05 has some sort of connection to this "club", being this his or her first edit - and it being extremely unlikely that someone not involved with the club itself would know who they are with 0 Google hits. Nufy8 23:37, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, extremely non notable. RickK 23:59, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Completely and totally not notable in all respects whatsoever. If it's a nice story, make a TV movie out of it. Jacob1207 01:23, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tim Moffat

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CDC  (talk)  23:05, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Tim Moffat
Delete, vanity. Was marked for speedy but doesn't meet conditions. FreplySpang (talk) 23:28, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I don't see why this can't be speedy. It's just a longer version of "Tim is a great guy."  I don't think we should give credit for verbosity.  Vanity is vanity.  --Xcali 23:29, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * And until we change the rules, vanity is not a criterion for speedy delete. I wish it were, but I'm not the majority. Denni ☯ 03:47, 2005 Jun 7 (UTC)

 * Speedy Delete its just vanity. Falphin 23:56, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete rampant vanity. --Etacar11 00:03, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Why are we having to debate this?? - delete of course --Doc (?) 00:11, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, man. Tim Moffat has memorized every line in Return of the Jedi!  Well, I guess we're just gonna hafta delete the "kickass kid". Jacob1207 01:25, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
U.S. Route 220

U.S. Route 220 (US 220) is a spur route of US 20. It runs in a north–south layout in the eastern United States, unlike its parent route as well as conventionally even-numbered highways, which run east-west. US 220 extends for 678 mi from an intersection with US 1 in Rockingham, North Carolina, to its interchange with the Southern Tier Expressway (Interstate 86 and New York State Route 17) in South Waverly, Pennsylvania. Some sections of the route are part of the Appalachian Development Highway System's Corridor O as well as I-73 in North Carolina. US 220 is designated as a spur route of US 20 but the route does not intersect US 20 or connect to other spurs of US 20.

US 220 was assigned in 1926 as part of the establishment of the U.S. Highway System. At the time, it extended from Cumberland, Maryland, to the New York–Pennsylvania border at Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania. One year later, US 220 was realigned north of Williamsport, Pennsylvania, to connect to the New York state line at South Waverly; this supplanted most of what was originally designated U.S. Route 711. US 220 was extended south through Virginia by 1935 and to its current southern terminus by 1941.

Route description

 * NC
 * 123.4
 * 198.6
 * VA
 * 185.96
 * 299.27
 * WV
 * 93
 * 150
 * MD
 * 27.30
 * 43.94
 * PA
 * 248
 * 399
 * Total
 * 677.66
 * 1090.81
 * }
 * 399
 * Total
 * 677.66
 * 1090.81
 * }
 * }

North Carolina
US 220 begins at an at-grade interchange with US 1 (South Hancock Street) southwest of Rockingham and northeast of US 1's grade-separated interchange with US 74 (future I-74). Most of US 220 in North Carolina is a four-lane divided highway, and it is a freeway between I-85 and US 1 and US 421 in southern Greensboro. From Rockingham, US 220 travels north through Richmond County to Ellerbe, where US 220 begins to follow a newly constructed four-lane bypass. This section of the route is co-designated as I-74 and I-73. The old US 220 alignment, signed as US 220 Alternate, passes through the towns of Ellerbe and Norman while the new highway goes around the communities.

The two highways continue in close proximity through Montgomery and Randolph counties, serving the towns of Candor, Biscoe, Star, and Seagrove. US 220 Alternate rejoins its parent near the North Carolina Zoo, at which point the old path of US 220 continues into Asheboro and Randleman as US 220 Business. The US 220 freeway, meanwhile, skirts the west side of both cities and proceeds to Level Cross, a small community south of the Guilford County line. The business route merges back into the mainline here, and US 220 travels alone into Guilford County.

Outside Greensboro, US 220 intersects I-85 and US 421 (the Greensboro Urban Loop) before intersecting I-85 Business and eventually merging with I-40 in the city. US 220 exits I-40 3 mi later, following US 29 and US 70 onto O'Henry Boulevard. The three routes separate northeast of the city center, with US 220 continuing west on Wendover Avenue along the northern edge of downtown Greensboro. It eventually exits onto Battleground Avenue, which takes the route north out of Greensboro and into Summerfield and Rockingham County. Another business route splits off US 220 near Madison to serve both Madison and Mayodan, which US 220 itself bypasses to the east. It returns to US 220 north of Stoneville, the last major community along the route before it crosses into Virginia.

Virginia
US 220 enters the state from the south just south of Martinsville. It uses freeway spurs to bypass Martinsville and Rocky Mount. US 220 in Virginia is a divided four-lane highway with a 55 mph speed limit for most of the distance between Martinsville and Roanoke. US 220 is a winding road in several stretches, and there have been many accidents. There is also a sharp speed decrease in Boones Mill, giving the town a reputation as a speed trap. The proposed I-73 would generally parallel US 220 between Greensboro, North Carolina, and Roanoke, though funds have not been allocated for the project and some local residents prefer efforts to fix US 220. It is co-signed with I-581 from downtown Roanoke to I-81 north of the city.

The route continues along I-81 northbound until Daleville, at an interchange with US 220 Alternate. US 220 leaves the freeway and once again becomes a four-lane road through Fincastle changing to an upgraded two-lane road at Eagle Rock until just outside Iron Gate, continuing on an old two-lane road until it joins up with I-64 westbound until Covington. From there, it continues on a primarily two-lane mountainous path until it reaches the West Virginia state line.

West Virginia
The highway enters West Virginia 2 miles (3 km) south of Harper in Pendleton County. From the state line, US 220 parallels the South Branch Potomac River as it progresses northward. 13 miles (21 km) north of Harper, US 220 passes through Franklin, where it intersects with US 33. The route crosses into Grant County approximately 17 mi north of Franklin.

Within Grant County, US 220 intersects the concurrent routes of West Virginia Route 28 (WV 28) and West Virginia Route 55 in Petersburg. The two state highways join US 220 eastward into Hardy County. WV 28 and WV 55 remain concurrent to Moorefield, where WV 55 splits from US 220 and WV 28. North of Moorefield, US 220 and WV 28 intersects US 48. US 220 and WV 28 remain concurrent into Hampshire County, where US 220 and WV 28 meet US 50 in Junction. WV 28 departs US 220, following US 50 to the east, while US 220 joins US 50 westward into Mineral County. This stretch of US 220 is known as the Northwestern Turnpike.

At the top of Knobly Mountain northwest of Ridgeville, US 220 splits from US 50 and resumes a northerly alignment as it descends into the New Creek Valley. It is known as Cut Off Road south of WV 972 and New Creek Drive from there to Keyser, the county seat of Mineral County, where it becomes known as Mineral Street. In the center of the city, located 7 miles (11 km) north of US 50, US 220 intersects WV 46. At the northern edge of Keyser, US 220 crosses the North Branch Potomac River via Memorial Bridge, leaving West Virginia and entering Maryland.

Maryland
US 220 enters Maryland at McCoole, Allegany County, and becomes known as McMullen Highway. In McCoole, US 220 intersects the eastern terminus of Maryland Route 135 (MD 135). Past MD 135, US 220 turns to the northeast, paralleling the North Branch of the Potomac River to the east. 12 miles (19 km) into Maryland, with West Virginia visible to the right, US 220 intersects the western terminus of MD 956, a connector to a secondary state highway in West Virginia. Continuing north in the river valley, US 220 enters Cresaptown, where US 220 intersects with the east end of MD 53. 4 miles (6 km) north of Cresaptown, US 220 joins with I-68 and US 40, known as the National Freeway west of Cumberland and the Baltimore Pike east of the city.

The three routes head across Wills Creek and through Cumberland to exit 46, US 220 turns north again onto an upgraded roadway opened to traffic on September 18, 2000. The highway heads north for a few miles before crossing the Mason–Dixon Line into Pennsylvania. The section of US 220 between I-68 and I-80 near Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, is designated as Corridor O by the Appalachian Development Highway System.

Pennsylvania
After crossing the state line from Maryland, US 220 runs north through Bedford County as Cumberland Road to Bedford, where it divides into US 220 Business, which enters the town of Bedford, and the main branch, which joins the southern terminus of I-99 at an interchange with the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-70 and I-76). I-99 heads north along US 220, and the resulting overlap duplex continues northeast along the west side of Dunning and Brush mountains. The freeway continues into Blair County, where it serves the towns of Altoona and Tyrone. I-99 and US 220 soon enter Centre County in the vicinity of Port Matilda. Here, US 322 joins the alignment and all three routes continue eastward for 12 mi to State College.

North of State College, US 322 diverges eastward at the Mount Nittany Interchange while US 220 and I-99 continue northward toward Pleasant Gap. The concurrency travels past Bellefonte to I-80, where I-99 currently ends. All of I-99 is known as the Bud Shuster Highway, named for the U.S. Representative who championed the I-99 designation. US 220 follows I-80 eastward for 11 mi to Clinton County before exiting northward as a recently upgraded, short section of super-two limited-access highway before once again becoming a limited-access expressway traveling through the east side of Lock Haven. Past Lock Haven, US 220 runs alongside the west branch of the Susquehanna River, becoming an at-grade road north of Jersey Shore for 6.2 miles until it reaches W Fourth St south of Williamsport. It finally becomes a freeway once again at Williamsport as it joins I-180, here an east–west highway, and US 15.

I-180 and US 220 head through the center of the city, briefly overlapping with US 15 in the downtown district, before splitting near Halls Station. The Interstate Highway turns to the south, following the Susquehanna River toward Muncy while US 220 exits the expressway onto a two-lane road that first travels east to Hughesville, a borough based around US 220's junction with Pennsylvania Route 405 (PA 405). US 220 heads generally northeastward from Hughesville, passing through Laporte on its way to Dushore. It is here that the route changes directions for the final time, assuming a northerly alignment that it largely follows for the remainder of its routing. A short section of super-two limited-access freeway is used to bypass Towanda, a borough 16 mi north of Dushore on the banks of the main Susquehanna River. One interchange along this stretch links US 220 to US 6.

Past Towanda, US 220 continues on a northerly path, paralleling the Susquehanna River to the borough of Athens. Here, US 220 becomes a freeway for the final time at an exit with PA 199, the main north–south highway through the neighboring boroughs of Athens, Sayre, and South Waverly. US 220 bypasses all three to the west, proceeding toward the New York state line. Route 220 actually crosses the border at Southern Tier Expressway but ends immediately after at an intersection with Tioga County Road 60, Broad Street, and ending at Chemung Street in Waverly NY, no more than 200 ft into the state of New York.

Origins
US 220 was assigned as part of the establishment of the U.S. Highway System on November 11, 1926. The route began at US 40 in Cumberland, Maryland, and followed its modern corridor northeast to Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The highway turned north here, proceeding northward along the current US 15 corridor to its end at the New York–Pennsylvania border in Lawrenceville. US 220 did not directly connect to US 20, its implied parent; instead, the connection was intended to be made via US 120, a route extending from Philadelphia to US 20 in Erie. As originally planned, US 120 and US 220 would overlap between Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, and Williamsport. East of Williamsport, the modern US 220 corridor was served by US 120 from Williamsport to Muncy and US 711 between Muncy and the New York state line at South Waverly. When US 120 was signed in 1927, it was altered to run only from Reading to Ridgway, isolating both US 120 and US 220 from US 20.

In early 1927, US 220 absorbed the Muncy–South Waverly section of US 711, which had continued south from Muncy to meet US 11 in Northumberland, Pennsylvania. From Williamsport to Muncy, US 220 utilized what had been planned as US 120. Former US 220 from Williamsport north to the state line at Lawrenceville became part of an extension of US 111, which was also assigned to the piece of old US 711 south of Muncy. Most of this alignment of US 220 followed previously unnumbered roads, save for two areas in the vicinity of Bald Eagle and Williamsport, Pennsylvania, where it followed short pieces of PA 5 and PA 4, respectively. Both routes were assigned in 1924.

Extensions and truncations
The largely intrastate route was significantly extended over the course of the next decade. It was extended past Cumberland to the Virginia state line by 1930, through Virginia to the North Carolina state line by 1935, and finally to US 1 in Rockingham, North Carolina, by 1941. In Virginia, US 220 replaced the piece of SR 18 north of Covington, all of SR 12 (Clifton Forge to near Roanoke), and all of US 311 in Virginia, originally designated in 1926 to run from US 11 in Roanoke south along SR 33 to North Carolina.

US 220 was extended into New York—albeit for only a half-mile (0.8 km)—by 1948. At the time, the route followed Keystone Avenue through Sayre to South Waverly, where it turned onto Bradford Street. The highway turned again after three blocks, proceeding north on Pennsylvania Avenue to the state line and into the adjacent village of Waverly, New York. US 220 ended five blocks into New York at an intersection with Chemung Street, then part of NY 17.

When the Southern Tier Expressway was built, Chemung Street became a section of NY 17C as NY 17 was moved onto the freeway. NY 17C was truncated to a junction with NY 34 several blocks to the east in the late 2000s, leaving US 220 isolated from the rest of New York's numbered route system. In 2017, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved a request by New York and Pennsylvania to delete US 220 north of I-86/NY 17.

Pennsylvania
The Athens–Sayre Bypass, a limited-access highway bypassing the boroughs of Athens and Sayre, was completed in 1973. US 220 was realigned to follow the new highway, which began southwest of Athens and ended at a junction with Chemung Street less than 0.1 mi north of the state line. Most of US 220's former alignment became PA 199; however, the northernmost part of PA 199 was assigned to an alternate alignment to the east on Mohawk and Spring streets, both of which were already state-maintained. The Pennsylvania Avenue (former US 220) state line crossing was dismantled as part of the Southern Tier Expressway's construction.

US 220 originally continued northeast of Port Matilda, along the at-grade Appalachian Thruway to an interchange with I-80 near Milesburg. US 220 was realigned onto US 322 and a limited-access highway running from State College to Bellefonte on May 30, 2003, at which point the previous route via Milesburg was redesignated as US 220 Alternate. The latter route was extended to Tyrone when US 220 was moved onto a new section of I-99 from Tyrone to Port Matilda in 2008. In the future, US 220 and I-99 will form a 135 mi concurrency throughout much of central Pennsylvania, from the interchange with the Pennsylvania Turnpike at Bedford to the intersection with US 15 at Williamsport. I-99 will leave US 220 here to follow US 15 north to Corning, New York.

Other areas
The southern terminus of US 220 in Rockingham was originally at the intersection of East Broad and Hancock streets (US 1 and US 74), where a sign said "US 220 Ends Here". From here, US 220 went north on current US 74 Business, Old Ellerbe Road and Billy Covington Road before rejoining its current alignment north of the city. The four-lane portion of US 220 between Ellerbe and Rockingham roads was completed in two sections; the northern one, ending at the north end of Billy Covington Road, was finished first in the 1960s. Some of the old alignment is still visible at the north end of Billy Covington Road.

Parts of US 220 in Virginia south of Roanoke follow what used to be called the Carolina Road or the Great Road. These roads, stretching from the current day Philadelphia area to what is now Atlanta (southern end of the Appalachian Mountains), were mostly roads built over old Indian trails. Another branch went west from present day Roanoke to Cumberland Gap. Parts of this road in Henry County are now known as the Old Stage Road. It crossed the Smith River just north of the current US 220 crossing. From Henry County the road crossed the Mayo River and headed towards Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The Mayo River crossing is still visible. In Martinsville, Virginia, US 220 originally passed through downtown Martinsville on West Church Street and Starling Avenue. It was moved onto the newly built Memorial Boulevard the late 1940s and onto a new bypass around Collinsville and Martinsville in the mid-1970s. The alignment through Collinsville and Martinsviile remains signed as Business US-220.

In the vicinity of Cumberland, Maryland, US 220 originally proceeded into the city limits on Greene Street. It crossed Wills Creek via Baltimore Street before connecting to Mechanic Street. From Mechanic Street to the city limits, traffic was split between two parallel one-way streets, with northbound traffic carried by Frederick Street and southbound traffic carried by a narrower Bedford Street until the streets merged as Bedford Road, now unsigned MD 807, north of the city. The highway continued on a northeasterly track to connect to Pennsylvania at the Mason–Dixon Line.

Major intersections

 * North Carolina
 * in Rockingham
 * south-southwest of Ellerbe. I-73/US 220 travels concurrently to south of Greensboro. I-74/US 220 travels concurrently to Randleman.
 * in Asheboro
 * south of Greensboro
 * in Greensboro
 * in Greensboro. The highways travel concurrently through Greensboro.
 * in Greensboro. The highways travel concurrently through Greensboro.
 * east-northeast of Stokesdale
 * in Madison. The highways travel concurrently to Mayodan.

 * Virginia
 * south of Martinsville. The highways travel concurrently to Horse Pasture.
 * in Roanoke. The highways travel concurrently to Hollins.
 * in Roanoke
 * in Hollins. I-81/US 220 travels concurrently to north of Cloverdale
 * north of Cloverdale. US 11/US 220 travels concurrently for approximately 0.2 mi.
 * in Cliftondale Park. I-64/US 220 travels concurrently to Mallow. US 60/US 220 travels concurrently to Covington.
 * in Monterey

 * West Virginia
 * in Franklin. The highways travel concurrently to north of Franklin.
 * in Moorefield
 * in Junction. The highways travel concurrently to southeast of New Creek.

 * Maryland
 * in Cumberland. The highways travel concurrently to northeast of Cumberland.

 * Pennsylvania
 * near Bedford
 * near Bedford. The highways travel concurrently to near Bellefonte
 * in Duncansville
 * near Port Matilda. The highways travel concurrently to State College.
 * near Bellefonte. I-80/US 220 travels concurrently to east of Mackeyville.
 * in Williamsport. I-180/US 220 travels concurrently to southwest of Pennsdale. US 15/US 220 travels concurrently through Williamsport.
 * near Towanda
 * in South Waverly

title: U.S. Route 220


text:
Tumbes River

The Tumbes River (Río Tumbes or Río Túmbez in Peru; Río Puyango in Ecuador), is a river in South America. The river's sources are located between Ecuadorian El Oro and Loja provinces. It is the border between El Oro and Loja, and afterwards the border between Loja and the Tumbes Region in Peru. At its confluence with the Cazaderos stream, it enters the northern coastal region of Peru called the Tumbes Region, and flows into the Pacific Ocean outside the Gulf of Guayaquil. The largest city on its banks is Tumbes, Peru.

Fish

 * Andinoacara rivulatus - The Green Terror Cichlid.

title: Tumbes River


text:
Talk:Black Mesa Research Facility

Could the small thermonuclear warhead detonated at the end of Opposing Force really destroy the majority of a facility as vast as Black Mesa? Here's an interesting logarithmic chart that plots yield vs mass: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/US_nuclear_weapons_yield-to-weight_comparison.svg

The Apache helicopter seen taking off in the beginning might have been the administrator ( Dr.Breen ) escaping the facility and thus saving his own skin knowing what's about to happen. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.67.15.248 (talk • contribs) 19:19, June 6, 2005
 * And your source is...? CABAL 03:22, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Practically speaking, the character Dr. Breen probably had not been envisioned by Mark Laidlaw at the time that map was made during Half-Life 1's development. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.208.117.103 (talk • contribs) 21:11, December 16, 2005
 * You're wrong. The games mentions a lot an "Administrator" - although probably Laidlaw hadn't imagined Dr. Breen, he knew there was a "big boss", who at the time was kept mysterious. Some even believed the G-Man was the Administrator.

I'm adding a bit about the Military Base in Black Mesa. Throughout the game, and in Opposing Force, its pretty clear that there is some kind of military installation a short while away from the complex. Heck, even the signs in the original game actually say "Black Mesa Military Installation" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.86.97.254 (talk • contribs) 19:12, August 10, 2005

 * For the record, I disagree with the "soldiers storm the complex within minutes" evidence. The soldiers' first appearance is a scripted event dependent upon the player reaching a certain point. An inexperienced player (or one simply taking the time to explore or look for hidden areas) might not see soldiers for hours after starting a game. -DynSkeet (talk) 12:28, August 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * you could be right. but with how big of a complex it is it could take them a wile to get deep enough inside to see you.(just something to think about) (Chardrc 21:47, 15 August 2005 (UTC))

also the rail system is still used or it is hinted that it is sence in the traning for securitygards in blue shift they teach you how to use the trains. not sure if we should make note of this or not so can someone conferm.(Chardrc 21:51, 15 August 2005 (UTC))

 * At the risk of sounding like a nerd, I'm removing the references to Half-Life:Decay, as it isnt part of the official story Rusty2005 21:00, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Why remove the references to Half Life: Decay, as you say they are not apart of the official storyline. What do you mean by that. Is it becuase it is on a different port, Playstation 2. If it's not apart of the official storyline, tell me this. Why was Dr. Gina Cross seen carrying the Xenite Sample GG-3883 on the security cameras in Half Life: Blue Shift. Why did no more Xen life-forms materialse in Black Mesa, after the events of the Resonance Reversal. You also once said "how do we know that that is the transit hub". It says so in the game iself. "This train is inbound from the area 8 Topside dormitories to the central transit hub in area 9". As far as i remember a sign above the security station also stated this. All of the events in Half Life: Decay corresponds to that of the other 3 games. Rosenberg was placed in that container in the Freigt Yard, and was seen here again in Blue: Shift. You also removed, the information on the Rocket Test Labs, Advanced Biological Research Laboratory & the Gamma Complex, why, the first two i mentioned, were the main parts of the Facility seen in the Half Life chapters: On A Rail & Questionable Ethics. You once removed the information on the Level 1 Main Facility Entrance, because "it was not seen in Blue Shift". However i think i can remember correctly that you added info on the Area 7 Recreational Facilities and you stated yourself that "it was not seen in the game", so why delete someone elses work, when you added the same sort of information yourself. The article is on the Black Mesa Research Facility, and about the Facility itself, not about the games or the official storyline. This means that any information that is regarded as cannon should be allowed to be placed on the article and Half Life: Decay is cannon. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.139.85.127 (talk • contribs) 23:05, December 7, 2005

 * Ok, calm down. Sorry for my mistake, I was under the impression that Decay was a user-created mod and not an official game from Valve. Thanks for correcting me on that. My mistake, sorry! Won't happen again :-)   While we're on the subject, I don't suppose you could capture a couple screenshots from Decay for the page? WOuld be handy! Rusty2005 16:53, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey mate, yeah i just wanted to apologise for the way i sort of expressed myself, i guess i did go over the top, sorry...won't happen again. Brad92 1:54, 13 December 2005

About those screenshots, i simply just read up about Half Life: Decay, i actually don't own it, and i'm not sure if there's much around on the net...but i'll try look for some —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.139.89.86 (talk • contribs) 10:58, December 12, 2005

 * I've got a copy of Half-Life on Dreamcast which has Decay. I can try grabbing some screenshots from the key scenes (like that bloke in the wheelchair). zozart 16:33, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Decay is an official level pack for Half-Life 1 for PS2. Gearbox Software made it. Some fans are trying to convert Decay levels to Half-Life 1 PC. Note: Seriously guys I wasn't expecting people like you here. I <3 all Half-Life fans on the world. Hoorah! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Barneyinblue (talk • contribs) 14:24, March 15, 2006

 * That would be great if you could zozart! Rusty2005 13:42, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Redemption
I have reverted the addition of the section only seen in Redemption because, although bundled with a certain Half-Life pack, it is unlikely to be considered canon by Valve in relation to the storyline of Half-Life. Nufy8 00:42, 16 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, just because it's not in the offical storyline, which is only the part seen in Half-Life as all others are made by differnet developers, doesn't mean that it shouldn't be included in the article. Someone may want to devide the information into "Official" for games released by Valve and "Unofficial" for fan-made mods. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Firba1 (talk • contribs) 23:29, January 31, 2006
 * The problem is that most sections in fan-made mods are not notable; Wikipedia fiction details what is canon in a work, and leaves out fan fiction (in this case, a fan-created storyline involving sections of Black Mesa). Nufy8 03:46, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Incongruities
Does anyone know why there are health machines, presumably designed to interface to HEV suits, prominently dispersed through office areas (there's a prominent example in the 2nd screenshot in the screenshot section) and elsewhere, not just the labs? Aside from the obvious (gameplay). Or maybe the office workers, in their underground warrens and watched over 24/7 by armed guards, need some serious pharmaceuticals ... or maybe those papercuts are real nasty? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.196.212.30 (talk • contribs) 16:18, April 11, 2006

 * Well if I was a hundred feet below ground working with a rusty Cold War stapler and eating from those grimy cafeterias, I'd feel safer with a first aid kit nearby ;-)  Rusty2005 15:13, 14 April 2006 (UTC)
 * What I don't undersantd is, why don't Barneys and scientists use said first aid kits? If they can't, then there's no excuse for them being there because there are medkits such as the kind you find in crates scattered about.
 * Actually, one of the Barneys is seen attempting to save himself by using the said kit. Unfortunately, he dies before he reaches it (after the Resonance Cascade, at the airlock to the cooling sector).Mikael GRizzly 13:22, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

More screenshots?
Been considering including several more screenshots from both the Opposing Force and Blue Shift, as there are several more unique locales, namely, the following:

Opposing Force
 * Large Biodome observation area
 * Modernized Hydrofauna Studies Laboratories
 * A heavily damaged cargo area
 * Large underground furnaces
 * Office space embedded within cave, with an old rail line at the side/Meeting room
 * Level 4 Storage Unit (images are very dark)

Blue Shift
 * Drainage Canal
 * Freight Warehouse
 * Train Yards (turntable area)
 * Section A-17 Prototype Laboratories
 * Older models of the HEV charger and first aid station in the Prototype Laboratories
 * Lobby of Area 3 Security Facilities
 * Black Mesa South access tunnel
 * Shooting range
 * The Mesa Times newspaper, indicating that the research facility has its own newspaper
 * Map of tram routes, providing a list of facility names

All in all, I have 45 images covering the mentioned locations, but I can cut it down to 16. Comments? ╫ ２５ ◀RingADing▶  18:01, 15 April 2006 (UTC) ╫

That would definitely be useful. Right now for the reader it's hard to piece together how things fit within BMRF. Veritas Panther 05:50, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds a good idea! I think we should stick to pictures of Black Mesa before the Incident. What do others think? Rusty2005 16:15, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

 * It's rather limited in scope. Obviously the number of areas that could be explored is limited at that time. ╫ ２５ ◀RingADing▶  17:03, 27 April 2006 (UTC) ╫

"Are able to storm the facility within minutes"
I removed a sentence from the article saying that the military was able to storm the Black Mesa facility "within minutes of the resonance cascade" as this is not correct. There's an entire level in Half-Life: Decay dedicated to reaching the surface and then bringing Dr. Rosenberg to a radio to contact the military. Shortly after that, there's a dramatic scene where dozens of apaches fly overhead, assumingly storming Black Mesa then. Depending on how fast you play Decay, this could take a variable amount of time from when the resonance cascade occurs and when the military finally arrives. However, the time it takes for them to arrive is far from a few minutes after the disaster. They even had to be contacted by radio first before they came. MarphyBlack 02:11, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * If this is true then nice work mate. Veritas Panther 08:20, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Composite Black Mesa map?
Perhaps a more complete picture of Black Mesa could be formed by combining all of Half-Life, Opposing Force, and Blueshift's maps of Black Mesa together?

Of course, there always exists the problem that map sections overlap or don't join together properly.

With todays' multi-gigabyte workstations and powerful GPUs, would it even be possible to have all of the maps in memory (in something like 3DS) at the same time and generate a render of the Black Mesa facility?

W3bbo 23:48, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

I've compiled an overview of Black Mesa, but only from Half-Life. You were right about the overlapping sections :P Unfortunately I don't have any time to create maps from OP4 and BS so somebody else has to do that.

I put it under the Size section.

--Sterd 17:13, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

Great work! However, could you put the original psd file with layers online as well? Might help someone who wants to continue working on it. Thanks,

--Devnevyn 19:31, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

Ordnance Storage Facility
Just to add my two cents, I edited the entry on the aforementioned facility due to it's inconsistency with the games. The OF ordnance storage facility is located near the Lambda Sector - right. But there is another one located not far away from the entrance to the Lambda Complex, one in which Gordon navigates through the explodorynth. Given the fact, that Half-Life is the first game in the series, this might cause confusion as to which is which. Additionally, the reference to the Black Ops "cleaning it out" was also removed. I don't think a black op team of commandos would clear out a facility full of ordnance (and there is no evidence there was any within), as there is no sane reason to do so.

Additionally, the truck within the facility in OF was, at least for me, unloaded, not loaded with missile parts. Besides, missiles in storage are not outfitted with nuclear warheads, to the best of my knowledge. Mikael GRizzly 13:29, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

"Inspiration"
"Could be based", "could be inspired", "could be", "could be". That's all it says there. Really, Wikipédia is about facts, not speculation. I say we take it out.

 * I've edited the section, tidying it up and making it sound less speculative. Rusty2005 00:53, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * It still is all about unverified claims. Did Valve say it was inspired by those? If it didn't, then those are just unverified claims and must be taken out. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 87.196.99.164 (talk) 13:15, 28 December 2006 (UTC).

About the images
Geni has removed several images from the article claiming that they do not meet WP:FUC. I highly disagree with this. I do understand the concern of keeping a limited number of images in any one page, but to arbitrarily remove everything from the bottom half of the article (And then immediately add the "orphaned fair use" template on all of them to boot) is probably the worst way to go about doing that. These images are clearly depicting very significant areas seen in the games, which is part of the fair use criteria. I believe that the images should be reinstated for now, at which point a consensus of which images are the most necessary to be kept can be made. Specifically, the test chamber and the hydroelectric dam are both substantially important locations (The images of both of which have been removed by Geni). MarphyBlack 02:19, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

 * After reading Rusty's talk page, it seems that Geni removed all the images without any consideration whatsoever to the value they added to the article, declaring all of them "decorative" without much reasoning to support that assertion. Again, I realize that the article did have a lot of images, but it would definitely be a bit more proper to consider the importance of each image beforehand instead of simply wiping half of them away in one fell swoop. To delete the image of the test chamber, quite possibly the most crucial locale within the entire game series (Being the place where the catalyst that started the entire disaster and sequence of events in games to come originates), shows that the person obviously isn't very familiar with the topic. The decision on what images to remove should be done far less haphazardly. MarphyBlack 02:32, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Which image currently on the page would you say is least important?Geni 04:17, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

 * The removal of the "Additional screenshots" section was completely justified, it's a gallery of fair use images and it's using "fair use" far too excessively. no more than a few images should be used in "featured areas", as the section is quite large. Space them out a little. The most significant images that contribute would be the Test chamber before, the dam, and the Lambda core. Stick in the after shot of the test chamber if you want, and place the images next to each respective section. - Zero1328 Talk? 04:20, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

 * As I said before, I am very aware that there were many images in the article. However, I am quite annoyed by the fact that over half of them were indiscriminately removed without even the slightest hint of warning. I don't think there's much justification for such an action. To claim that this is justified would be assuming that the regular editors of this article must be far too thick-headed to come up with their own decisions as to which images should be kept and which can be deleted. I, personally, would be plenty happy to oblige to such a request that the number of images in this article should lessened severely, along with removing the gallery entirely. Of course, it would far more courteous to discuss this other editors so a collective consensus can be made. However, the removed images are prone to deletion right now. According to the orphaned fair use template, they have about six days left until deletion. I'm not about to test this limit, though. I believe that Geni has seriously compromised the integrity of the article and has now unceremoniously dropped the burden of salvaging it onto the regular editors, and along with a time limit just to make things that more difficult. MarphyBlack 18:08, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

 * WP:OWN, WP:BOLD. The gallary has been there for the whole of this year so you've had plently of time to discuss it's removal. Now there are currently seven images in the article. I view that as unreasonably high but have other things to worry about so for the time being it would simply be a matter of decideing what the 7 most useful images are (don't think this gives you the "right" to 7 fair use images it does not).
 * now once you have done that we can look at strengthening the article and the fair use case. Lets look at the first sentance of the second paragraph

 * "The Black Mesa facility is built over several decommissioned missile silo complexes constructed during the 1950s, which have been converted into a vast civilian institute for the research of every conceivable scientific discipline."

 * Ok problems. First see Manual of Style (writing about fiction) but there is a second one. Now you can't copyright facts. But you can copyright fiction. The upshot of which is that Valve Corporation have at least some of the copyright on that sentence so as well as "fair use" images you have "fair use" text which would rather weaken any fair use case.Geni 01:21, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

 * "The gallary has been there for the whole of this year so you've had plently of time to discuss it's removal."
 * The concern has never been brought up before. Of course there could have been a discussion if someone had actually brought it up before this time. I have no idea why you are citing WP:OWN unless you are referring to yourself. I am not claiming ownership of this article, but I am not sure on how knowledgeable you are on this topic. The Black Mesa Research Facility is a vital location to the Half-Life series, being the primary place of action for the first game, three expansion packs, and it continues to be referenced in the sequels. It's not surprising that a lot of images came about simply due to the vastness of the subject. Saying that seven images is "unreasonably high" is a matter of opinion. There is nothing according to the official policy that states there is a maximum number of images that can be used. Again, I completely understand the policy on keeping the number of images low, but this is not a simple subject, nor is it a small or short article by any means. As of now, it looks like the article has been vandalized with half of the media missing. I'm also not sure why you are bringing up the first sentence and saying that it is "fair use text". It is definitely not "fair use text" since Valve has never used any such statement to describe the ingame location at all. If you're claiming plagiarism or possibly copyright violations on any of the text in this article, you'd be quite mistaken. Anyway, if you believe there are weaknesses with the article, let's please deal with them one at a time. I am now mainly concerned about the images, which should now have about five days left to live, more or less. MarphyBlack 02:12, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

 * There is no limit because we know people would abbuse it in thinking that thet had the right to x number of fair use images. moveing on to length Watchmen is longer and has exactly 2 fair use images. V for Vendetta (film) is also longer and has only 5. Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope is twice the length and has 6. So if we were purely baseing it on article length then we would include 2-3 images.
 * moveing on to "fair use text". This is a slightly less well known area of law and a bit tricky to explain but Valve own the half-life universe. Perhaps some partical examples. You could not use Black Mesa as the setting in a film without permission from valve. Valve could sue anyone writeing fan fiction involveing Black Mesa. Following on from that Valve could sue anyone writeing fan description of Black Mesa. Now assumeing you don't own a major media company you are now thinking something along the lines of "that's crazy". Perhaps it is. Fortenetly for the future of wikipedia and not getting sued for dreaming there is. It involves following the Manual of Style (writing about fiction) which allows you to use the "you can't copyright facts" loophole.Geni 03:59, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Which images to keep
I have compiled a list of which images I believe should be kept along with a rationale. Of course I encourage other editors to voice their opinions as well, but preferably before many of the images are deleted.

Keep
 * Hl bmlogo.png – Logo of the facility, seen numerous times throughout the games.
 * Black Mesa entrance AYool.jpg – One of the first sights seen in the original game. Depicts the facility before the disaster.
 * Halflife6.JPG – Shows the personnel facilities, specifically some sort of food court, that greatly depicts the "civilian life" of the facility. Also, this screenshot is from Blue Shift, and it doesn't hurt to represent the facility using the expansion packs as well.
 * Test chamber AYool.jpg – The test chamber. A definite keep for obvious reasons.
 * HL BMRF HydroelectricDam.jpg – The hydroelectric dam. Significant location that is seen in the original game as well as the expansion pack Opposing Force.
 * Halflife7.JPG – Depicts the science team in action. Ideal for the article's "Employees" section.
 * HL BMRF OfficeComplex.jpg – Depicts the 1950's office areas.
 * HL BMRF NewTramInterior.jpg – The ever ubiquitous trams.
 * HL BMRF OldRailSystem.jpg – The disused rail system is quite important to the story. There's even a specific portion during the hazard course training that pertains to the rail trams.

Possible
 * HL BMRF BlastPit&Tentacles.jpg – The Blast Pit is a very notable location in the original game (A whole chapter revolves around this one area). I'm on the fence on this one.
 * HL BMRF LaunchFacility.jpg – The rocket is a central plot point to the story, and this does depict an outdoor area (Not many of which exist), but I'm on the fence on this one as well.
 * HL BMRF PortalToXen.jpg – The final portal to Xen is a pretty important event in the original game, and this area also appears in Opposing Force, but I don't believe this image is entirely necessary.
 * Halflife27.jpeg – (Moved to Possible) The biodomes do a good job representing just what kind of the secret research the facility was undertaking. How nefarious.
 * HL BMRF BiodomeLobby.jpg – (Moved to Possible) Does a good job depicting the military's takeover of the facility, specifically this entrance to the biodomes.
 * Black Mesa Research Facility HL Map.jpeg – I really like this image, but it doesn't represent the facility that well. I think it could be externally hosted and linked somewhere in the article, however.

Delete
 * Halflife23.JPG
 * Halflife16.jpg
 * Halflife3.JPG
 * Resonance cascade AYool.jpg
 * Cc entrance.jpg
 * Halflife25.JPG
 * Halflife21.JPG
 * Halflife20.JPG
 * HL BMRF HighSecurityMaterialsStorage.jpg
 * HL BMRF StorageArea3.jpg
 * HL BMRF Waterplc.jpg
 * HL BMRF ResidueProcessing.jpg
 * HL BMRF Helipad.jpg

So there you go. I think these images (Under "Keep", I mean) do a very fair job of sufficiently representing the facility from all the games (Minus Decay) and is a quite reasonable amount in respect to the length of this article. MarphyBlack 03:04, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

 * 11 is unaceptably high. if you want that many take it too Wikipedia talk:Fair use. I would suggest 5. 2 of significant locations. 2 to represent the difference between the original and the HD pack and 1 for other.Geni 04:02, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Eleven is "unacceptably high"? According to who? Where is this rule stated? Looking at Half-Life 2, a featured article, it contains ten fair use images. Although slightly longer, I don't see anyone complaining that ten images is "unacceptably high". Eleven isn't that much of a jump. Also, there are no differences in what the levels in Half-Life look like with and without the high definition pack. Edit: I have now cut down to what I believe should be kept to only nine images. MarphyBlack 04:19, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

 * It will be delt with in time. Still if that article size to image ratio was followed this article would 6 "fair use" images.Geni 04:36, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I suppose a reduction of images for the reasons given is justified, and redundancies are a definite no-no. The fair use policy states that fair use images should be used in a limited number, but with an sufficient amount that can improve the article optimally; these images were added at a time when I believed galleries of fair use images were still OK. But the recent purges of excessive fair use images based on this fair use policy, has me with second thoughts. As much as I don't like to hamper the reading experience of readers who lack imagination (specifically, those who can't translate words to pictures), guidelines are guidelines. I say we stick to a 8-or-less images regiment, distributing all situations in the game into this number; nothing more. ╫ ２５ ◀RingADing▶  10:10, 12 November 2006 (UTC) ╫

 * But the question is: Which eight? I have narrowed my personal propositions of which to keep down to nine. Perhaps you have a different opinion on which should be kept? MarphyBlack 18:52, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, we'll keep the following:
 * Black Mesa entrance AYool.jpg. It can fill in for Hl bmlogo.png as the logo is visible in the background.
 * Test chamber AYool.jpg. Definately a key location.
 * Halflife7.JPG and Halflife6.JPG show employees at work and rest.
 * HL BMRF OfficeComplex.jpg, an example of an office environment.
 * HL BMRF NewTramInterior.jpg, a crucial location at the start and end of the game.
 * HL BMRF OldRailSystem.jpg, a polar opposite of the new tram. I'm not really sure about keeping this one though, because it would be redundant when another image that I'm thinking about is uploaded onto the Half-Life article.
 * Halflife27.jpeg, to be replaced by HL BMRF Biodome observation area.jpg. Offers a mix of Xen presense and study of the border world's habitat by the facility. However, due to presentation issues, I've uploaded another version that depicts Xen-like terrain, and live Xen creatures.
 * HL BMRF BiodomeLobby.jpg. Has soldiers in a modernized portion of the facility.
 * Technically, that makes nine, but with HL BMRF OldRailSystem.jpg most likely to be replaced by an image to be illustrated in the Half-Life article, that makes eight. An outdoor location, specifically, the hydro dam, has been depicted in Halflife ingame.jpg, which is one of the first screenshots shown in the Half-Life article. So we don't need another image of the same location. HL BMRF BiodomeLobby.jpg also offers a glimpse of the surface, so it's sufficient. ╫ ２５ ◀RingADing▶  14:35, 13 November 2006 (UTC) ╫

 * Tell me if I'm missing some obscure and uncharted convention, but who says we're only allowed to have eight images in the article? How many other articles have more than eight images? I don't see why we have to start arbitrarily deleting images (some of which I spent a fair amount of time editing and uploading) just because one editor says so. Rusty2005 22:44, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

 * US law and wikipedia fair use policy. If you wish to disspute this try Wikipedia talk:Fair use.Geni 02:19, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Yesterday's featured article, Salvador Dalí, contains eight fair use images. Today's featured article, on Eagle Scouts, contains over twenty fair use images. Nine video game screenshots, especially for an article this size, is far within the acceptable limits. All individual images meet the proper requirements for fair use. Again, unless of course you can name the policy that says that there is a limit to the number of images we are allowed to use. MarphyBlack 02:34, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I have already explained to you why such a policy does not directly exist.Geni 03:05, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * No you haven't, you've just that "11 is unacceptably high" and keep pointing us to the Fair Use Policy page, which doesn't seem to outline any restrictions on how many images can be used. Obviously, one of these screenshots is within the copyright and legal boundaries, so surely they all are. And that doesn't explain why, on other pages, you have wiped out images that were clearly fair use. Rusty2005 13:17, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * "Obviously, one of these screenshots is within the copyright and legal boundaries, so surely they all are." no that directly conflicts with the third principle of US fair use law. The reason no hard limit is set in policy is that we know that certian people would take the view that they had a right to that number of images. "wiped out images that were clearly fair use" example please? Incerdentaly Rusty2005 you appear to be a subject of the crown? And yet you are uploading images and claiming "fair use". Problem is that no such principle exists under any of the UK's legal systems. The closest would be "Fair dealing" which is far more restricitve.Geni 14:47, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * If you have a problem with my interpirtation of wikipedia's fair use policy please take it to Wikipedia_talk:Fair_use.Geni 14:49, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Very well Geni, if you wish to be obstuctive about this, then do so. If you wish to make pompous remarks about my nationality, while hiding behind pages of legal jargon, then do so. Your goal on Wikipedia appears to consist solely of deleting images and razing articles which people have made a real effort to improve. If you wish to do so, go ahead. I am nevertheless pursuing a complaint about your actions, I think that you are totally out of line and that your interpretation of Wikipedia's international boundaries is far too harsh. I still would like to know though, where in law does it state that 11 images is unacceptably high? And additionally, I don't believe you are that familiar with British law. Rusty2005 00:46, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I live in the UK some I am somewhat familiar with the various legal systems although not so much with the Scottish one (however I don’t think there is much difference when it comes to copyright law). Courts have always been a bit hesitant to draw lines in the sand when it comes to amount of material you are allowed to use (this gives them what might generaly be known as job security). The amount allowed generaly depends on the context of use and the material's importance to the overal work (and sometimes it appears how luck you are with the judge).Geni 01:02, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

 * We're not in a court of law. And I don't believe that you are any more familiar with our country's law than I am. But anyway, that's not the issue. No-one has complained about these images until you suddenly binned the lot, without consulting any of us. Why are you so committed to deleting images all over the encyclopedia? No-one has complained about the images, but from what I can see, a lo of people have complained about your habit of deleting without any notice. I uploaded these images in order to improve the quality of the article, and no-one complained before. The least you could have done would have been to initiate a discussion, but you didn't even bother to do that. You seem to have little purpose here besides deleting images which we believe fall within the remit of Fair Use. Why is this? Our interpretation of Fair Use is just as valid as yours. And yet you haven't given a single good reason as to why this number of images is "unacceptable". Rusty2005 01:12, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

 * People did complain a little. That is how I found out about the page. While I have don't know how good your knowlage of english and welsh law is I suspect I may have an edge on copyright but no matter. Surfice to say that going by Lewis v King you may wish to keep UK law in mind when editing. Or not it really rather depends on how solid you think that judgement is.
 * Anyway now we have the FUD out the way lets move on to the issue of image deletion. In short I'm committed to free content. So is wikipedia. Fair use conflicts with this. On the other hand fair use is imposible to avoid. so the aim is to keep it to a mininium.
 * I do more than deleting images I upload them as well. I also write articles about canals.
 * If you look at WP:FUC 3 "The amount of copyrighted work used should be as little as possible". You think your iunterpretation of Fair Use is just as valid as mine but have failed to take it to Wikipedia talk:Fair use.Geni 17:00, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Key Locations
The section of the article describing the main locations was kind-of messy and had some unnecessary speculation. I grouped the big locations by the sector in which they appear in the games to make the list easier to navigate, and removed some of the POV stuff.

I'm not sure about citing works of fiction, but I can add the relevant game/chapter name for each point if that's required. 74.98.22.176 08:11, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

Also added more detailed information about the employees, although the list isn't complete. Those are just the points that are verifiable from the game manuals. (The Playstation 2 Half-Life/Decay and Blue Shift ones specifically.)

Additional/Unspecified Areas
Would someone please add references as not all of them have an explanation where information about them can be found, such as Area 8 and area 9, only a description. --Rygir 02:11, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Real World Correlation?
I don't have evidence to back this up, so I didn't want to add it into the article, but I have a strong belief that the facility was based off of White Sands Missile Range (Formerly White Sands Proving Grounds) http://www.wsmr.army.mil/ If anyone can find a concrete link, feel free to add it in. I did send off an e-mail asking Valve, but it's doubtful at best for legal reasons that they'll respond. 24.12.244.115 09:12, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

 * The resemblances to Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is striking, there is even a Black Mesa near LANL. 216.170.113.94 07:42, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Mix up
I'm not sure but I dont think that black mesa has anything to do with Area 51 or does it? If it doesn't could someone remove the link from Area 51#Popular culture section. Thank you. 84.250.110.93 19:11, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

Sector B
While indeed, the prototype labs in Blue shift are close to Sector B, and could be part of them now, I don't remeber seeing anything concrete to prove this. It is the best place to put the prototype labs in the article, the "(formerly the Section A-17 Prototype Laboratories)" after the coolent reserve is definatly wrong. While alot of the coolent reserve may have been part of the lbas, there is no way the entire thing could be. After all, you go though a part Sector B that is labeled coolent reserve in HL1 and see nothing that looks like a lab (the creators didn't think of it isn't a valid reason either). OAM 20:54, 9 July 2007 (UTC) 20:54, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Temperature Comment
"Despite being located in the middle of a desert, the underground and indoor sectors of Black Mesa are maintained at 68 degrees Fahrenheit (20 degrees Celsius) at all times, enabled by Black Mesa's sprawling network of ventilation ducts."

Umm, it's underground. Read more about Earthships. If anything, it should be cooler than that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.102.53.192 (talk) 02:10, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

Half life 2 ep 2
Should we also note during the gman sequence in hl2ep2 it shows what looks like the black mesa office at the beginning of the game? —Preceding unsigned comment added by QX100 (talk • contribs) 05:29, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

It doesn't look like anywhere in Half-Life to me. It is supposed to be in Black Mesa, though. Coozins (talk) 20:38, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

Regarding deletion:
Some moderator is getting heavy handed in recommending deletion of this thread. I am a fan of valve games, and I found this article fun to read and somewhat informative. I dont think any sources are needed since the majority of the article is from the actual game's scripts. If wikipedia wants academic legitimacy, deleting articles like this is not the way to make fans. Recommend adding to the article, not deletion. I strongly agree with other user who suggested dividing page into Official valve and third-party game modes. I still dont know what blue shift is :| Please edit this paragraph for machine-syntax (as i am wiki-noob). Thats my two cents, now half off.
 * Regarding the deletion of this page, wikipedia is not out to "make fans" to secure its academic legitimacy. It must take a series of steps to both improve the articles that meet its standards and remove those which do not. This is an example of an article which fails those standards. Please read wp:cruft to find out, in detail, why this article should be deleted. John  .n-  IRL  04:51, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

black meas SUVs
the SUVs are nissan pathfinders —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.133.129.251 (talk) 17:10, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

Glock 18 in Blue Shift
The pistol is Blue Shift is exactly the same in Blue Shift as it is in Opposing Force and Half-Life. There is nothing to suggest that it is a Glock 18 as opposed to a Glock 17. Also, a number of facilities that are mentioned can't be seen in Half-Life or its expansion packs. For example, there are no basketball courts or video rental facilities. There is a security room with monitors in it in Blue Shift, but that is the closest thing to it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.144.99.111 (talk) 15:22, 30 May 2008 (UTC)
 * The Glock 18 does not appear at any point, but the Half-Life Hi-Definition Pack option that was released with Blue Shift changed the original Glock 17 to a Beretta, the MP5 to an M4, and other changes and improvements to weapon and character models. 86.161.176.198 (talk) 12:05, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

Calhoun's duty rotation in French
Where do you see Barney Calhoun's duty rotation written in French? I find this exceptionally hard to believe. In fact, much of the information in this article seems to be incorrect, such as there being basketball courts and video rental services in Black Mesa. Coozins (talk) 20:42, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:G man HL2EP2.jpg
The image Image:G man HL2EP2.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --21:56, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

Black Mesa East
Should the Entry for Black Mesa East really direct to this article? The research facility has very little in common with the resistance base, aside from being the historical inspiration to it's name. And more importantly, Black Mesa East isn't even as much as mentioned anywhere in here. I'm not saying every little detail of the Half-Life series deserves it's own Wikipedia article, but if the entry redirects here, the least the reader could expect is for Black Mesa East to be mentioned, along with it's relation to the research facility described.

- Maef (talk) 10:08, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Black Mesa Research Facility


text:
Talk:Stop (Spice Girls song)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Stop (Spice Girls song)


text: User talk:68.61.99.107

title: User talk:68.61.99.107


text:
Loja

Loja may refer to:

Places

 * Loja, Granada, Spain
 * Loja, Ecuador
 * Loja, Estonia
 * Loja, Latvia
 * Loja Canton, Ecuador
 * Loja Province, Ecuador

Other

 * Loja (architecture), a type of store in Cape Verde
 * Loja (crater), a Martian crater
 * Loja (katydid), a genus of bush cricket in the tribe Agraeciini
 * Loja Airport, Ecuador
 * Loja, a novel by Albanian writer Teodor Keko
 * Loja CD, a football team from the Spanish town
 * LDU Loja, a football team from the Ecuadorian city
 * Mário Loja (born 1977), Portuguese football player

title: Loja


text:
Constitución, Buenos Aires

Constitución is a barrio or neighborhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina, approximately two kilometers south of downtown.

The borough is centered on Constitución Station and the square of the same name and can be reached by subway, by bus (notably Colectivo 60) and enjoys easy access by car via 9 de Julio, San Juan and Caseros Avenues, as well as the 25 de Mayo toll road.

The neighborhood is home to the Argentine University of Enterprise and the University of Buenos Aires Faculty of Social Sciences.

History
The area, on the outskirts of Buenos Aires in colonial times, was granted a parish in 1769 and incorporated into the city in 1777. Home to an important mission of Bethlehemites, they maintained a convalescent clinic there until their papal suppression in 1821. The area then became home to a large farmer's market and its relative elevation began attracting development. The market was renamed in honor of the recently promulgated Argentine Constitution in 1856 and the neighborhood, long centered on the market, soon acquired the name.

Work began in 1864 on the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway led the opening of a station at the market and with it, the rapid growth of the area as an immigrants' quarter. Groundbreaking for a new railway terminal in 1885 was accompanied by the razing of the market in favor of Constitución Plaza. A non-profit clinic opened by the Anglican Reverend Barton Lodge in 1844 became the British Hospital in 1887 (still the borough's largest). The neighborhood was subsequently home to Hipólito Yrigoyen, a co-founder of the centrist Radical Civic Union in 1891 who tirelessly campaigned for and, in 1912, won the right to universal (male) suffrage in Argentina and the secret ballot. Elected president in 1916, his Constitución home was ransacked during a coup against him in 1930.

The mayor appointed in 1976 by Argentina's last dictatorship, Osvaldo Cacciatore, had plans drawn up for eight freeways within the city proper, three of which were finished. The two busiest, the 25 de Mayo and 9 de Julio Freeways, meet at a junction north of Constitución station. The structures, though a great benefit to commuters, led to the exodus of much of the neighborhood's middle class.

title: Constitución, Buenos Aires


text:
Talk:Richmond, British Columbia

Chinese Language
The total visible minority population of the city of Richmond (as of 2016) is 76.3%, with the Chinese at 53%. That makes them the ethnic majority of the city. It's MP is represented by an ethnic Chinese, and so are 2 of their MLA's. Wouldn't an addition of a Mandarin Chinese or Cantonese translation of 'Richmond' better represent that? Translations of cities or places with minorities exists on Wikipedia. However, the Chinese in Richmond are not even the minority, but the majority.

In addition, both Cantonese and Mandarin combined is the mother tongue of 41.95% of the cities population, with English only on 33%. Ineedtostopforgetting (talk) 21:57, 3 June 2019 (UTC)
 * This article isn't written for the people of Richmond, it's written for the readers of Wikipedia, and Richmond's official language is neither Cantonese or Mandarin. Just because a Canadian city has an ethnic majority does not mean the article needs to be translated into that language.  Should Hawkesbury, Ontario have a French translation?  There are non-English majorities across Canada.  Identifying this in the demographic section of the article should suffice. Magnolia677 (talk) 23:59, 3 June 2019 (UTC)

Comment: In order to put this in the article, there needs to be a reference - a source. Ineedtostopforgetting, can you provide such a source? If not - if this insertion is merely your own translation of Richmond - then it does not belong in the article, per WP:Original research. -- MelanieN (talk) 00:37, 4 June 2019 (UTC)

https://www.richmond-news.com/news/richmond-mayor-hopeful-hong-guo-accused-of-professional-misconduct-by-law-society-1.23427997 This Chinese mayoral candidate uses ”列治文“ all over her campaign signs, and I believe I've seen others do so, too. https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%88%97%E6%B2%BB%E6%96%87 Baike, the Chinese government version of Wikipedia, has the city listed as ”列治文“, too. RealBuizel10 (talk) 06:08, 17 July 2019 (UTC)

Richmond Olympic Experience
I think we should put this under the Vancouver 2010 Olympics header. Any thoughts? --Icil34 (talk) 21:39, 19 January 2021 (UTC)Icil34

Francophones
Add about francophones 2604:3D08:4C7D:9500:356F:230D:C824:E132 (talk) 00:19, 28 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Richmond, British Columbia


text:
Torrington, Alberta

Torrington is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Kneehill County. It is located approximately 160 km northeast of Calgary at the junction of Highway 27 and Highway 805.

The hamlet is located in Census Division No. 5 and in the federal riding of Crowfoot.

The main industry is agriculture.

The community is home to the Gopher Hole Museum, dedicated to stuffed Richardson's ground squirrels (technically not gophers) in anthropomorphic taxidermy settings.

A very large outdoor gopher sculpture (12 ft high) named "Clem T. GoFur" is located in the village.

All 11 of Torrington's fire hydrants were painted to look like gophers.

Torrington was incorporated as a village until 1997, when it dissolved to hamlet status under the jurisdiction of Kneehill County.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Torrington had a population of 306 living in 137 of its 146 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 201. With a land area of 0.4 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Torrington had a population of 170 living in 83 of its 89 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2011 population of 179. With a land area of 0.63 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

title: Torrington, Alberta


text:
User talk:ClarkBohne

I have moved the article you created at Clark Bohne to your user page (User:ClarkBohne). Articles written about yourself (and any acquaintances whose notability cannot be established) will normally be deleted. Such vanity articles are discouraged, even if you're famous :). – ugen64 23:25, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:ClarkBohne


text: User talk:65.148.149.161

title: User talk:65.148.149.161