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Chatham Cup

The Chatham Cup is New Zealand's premier knockout tournament in men's association football. It is held annually, with the final contested in September. The current champions of the Chatham Cup are 2023 winners Christchurch United, who defeated Melville United AFC on penalties in the final.

History
The Chatham Cup is contested by teams from throughout New Zealand, and has been held annually since 1923 with the exception of 1937, 1941–44 and 2020. Typically between 120 and 150 teams take part, with extra time and penalty shoot-outs used to decide matches which end in ties. In the past, replays were used, and in the early years of the competition the number of corners won during a game decided tied matches.

The cup itself was gifted to the then New Zealand Football Association by the crew of HMS Chatham as a token of appreciation for the hospitality they had encountered on a visit to New Zealand. The cup, which cost £150, was presented to NZFA President Sir Charles Skerrett by Captain Cecil Burnaby Prickett on board the Chatham on 14 December 1922. The actual trophy is modelled on the FA Cup.

The most successful teams in the Chatham Cup have been Christchurch United and Mount Wellington (seven wins, two of them since amalgamation with Auckland University); North Shore United has won six times. Most of the competition's winners have come from the main centres of Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch, though teams from Dunedin, Gisborne, Hamilton, Masterton, Nelson, and Napier have also won the competition, while the inaugural champions were from the small settlement of Seacliff, with many of the team being staff from the nearby psychiatric hospital.

The competition has been held every year since 1923 with six exceptions: the 1937 competition was cancelled due to a lack of entrants (only 12 teams applied to take part), four competitions (from 1941 to 1944) were cancelled due to World War II, and the 2020 competition was cancelled because of COVID-19.

The early years
Many of the early winners of the competition no longer exist, as competition was not effectively organised in New Zealand until the advent of a national league in 1970, and still remains largely amateur to this day. Many early New Zealand clubs have amalgamated with their neighbours or disbanded.

Prior to 1970, the final was held between the winners of separate North Island and South Island tournaments, with national semi-finals often being referred to as "Island finals".

In the early years of the competition, each regional association found its own champion to represent that region in the Chatham Cup, leading to confusion in many of the early records with regional finals, island finals, and the national final all often simply being referred to in contemporary reports as "finals". Further confusion is caused by the incomplete nature of many of the early competition records. It is only since the first publication of an annual New Zealand football yearbook in 1965 that any systematic record-keeping began to take place; earlier match reports and statistics are complete only inasmuch as the vagaries of newspaper sports reporting allowed.

Early Chatham Cup competitions were not well supported by the clubs, and the regulations surrounding entry to the competition were often financially prohibitive. The clubs themselves received only a tiny percentage of the money made in gate takings, and often had to travel considerably further to play matches than they did in the provincial leagues in which they competed. Concerns as to the costs involved and the limited financial support from the NZFA for entrants in the competition led to some teams disbanding as a result of the debts incurred, notably early winners Harbour Board. The competition itself was so poorly supported by clubs as a result that it barely survived its first few seasons: only 30 clubs entered each of the first few years of the competition, despite over 450 clubs being registered with the country's football administration in 1924; South Island participation in particular was poor, with only a handful of teams entering in the first few years, and the 1937 Cup was cancelled altogether due to only twelve teams nationwide having entered.

Despite this, large crowds often came to watch the matches, indicating their popularity with the public. The Wellington regional final in 1924 was played before a crowd of 1500 spectators, one in sixty of Wellington's population at the time, and the 1928 national final was watched by a crowd of 6000.

Post-war competition
Support for the competition among clubs has gained momentum since travel has become easier around the country and the financial regulation of the competition have been eased. Since World War II, it has been typical for 100 to 150 teams to enter the competition.

Since the 1960s, tournaments have been organised with a preliminary round and (occasionally) a qualifying round, four or five rounds proper, quarter-finals, semi-finals, and the final. Competition begins in April, and the final is normally played in September. Early rounds are held on a regional basis, between teams within the country's three competition regions (northern North Island, southern North Island, South Island). Different publications often list different numbers for the rounds, making for some confusion as to whether the round before the quarter-finals is the fourth or fifth round in any particular year.

Between 1970 and 2003, when a national league was run between the country's top clubs, national league teams received byes to later stages of the cup competition. The current New Zealand Football Championship, which replaced this league, is contested between franchise teams rather than traditional clubs: these franchise teams do not compete in the Chatham Cup. There is currently no formal system of byes to later rounds (as there is, for example, in the FA Cup); several top sides do, however, gain byes through to the second round.

From 1986–1988, the final was contested on a two-match home and away series, but in other years the final has been a single match. In 1952, the final finished 1–1, and the title was shared. A replay was used to decide the 1970, 1972 and 1983 finals, and penalty shoot-outs decided the 1990 and 2001 finals.

Past winners

 * 1923 – Seacliff (Otago)
 * 1924 – Harbour Board (Auckland)
 * 1925 – YMCA (Wellington)
 * 1926 – Sunnyside (Christchurch)
 * 1927 – Ponsonby
 * 1928 – Petone
 * 1929 – Tramways (Auckland)
 * 1930 – Petone
 * 1931 – Tramurewa (Auckland)
 * 1932 – Wellington Marist
 * 1933 – Ponsonby
 * 1934 – Thistle (Auckland)
 * 1935 – Hospital (Wellington)
 * 1936 – Western (Christchurch)
 * 1937 – competition cancelled due to lack of entries
 * 1938 – Waterside (Wellington)
 * 1939 – Waterside (Wellington)
 * 1940 – Waterside (Wellington)
 * 1941–44 – no competition due to World War II
 * 1945 – Western (Christchurch)
 * 1946 – Wellington Marist
 * 1947 – Waterside (Wellington)
 * 1948 – Christchurch Technical Old Boys
 * 1949 – Petone
 * 1950 – Eden (Auckland)
 * 1951 – Eastern Suburbs (Auckland)
 * 1952 – North Shore United and Western (Christchurch) (title shared)
 * 1953 – Eastern Suburbs (Auckland)
 * 1954 – Onehunga
 * 1955 – Western (Christchurch)
 * 1956 – Stop Out (Wellington)
 * 1957 – Seatoun
 * 1958 – Seatoun
 * 1959 – Northern (Dunedin)
 * 1960 – North Shore United
 * 1961 – Northern (Dunedin)
 * 1962 – Hamilton Technical Old Boys
 * 1963 – North Shore United
 * 1964 – Mount Roskill
 * 1965 – Eastern Suburbs (Auckland)
 * 1966 – Miramar Rangers
 * 1967 – North Shore United
 * 1968 – Eastern Suburbs (Auckland)
 * 1969 – Eastern Suburbs (Auckland)
 * 1970 – Blockhouse Bay
 * 1971 – Western Suburbs (Wellington)
 * 1972 – Christchurch United
 * 1973 – Mount Wellington (Auckland)
 * 1974 – Christchurch United
 * 1975 – Christchurch United
 * 1976 – Christchurch United
 * 1977 – Nelson United
 * 1978 – Manurewa
 * 1979 – North Shore United
 * 1980 – Mount Wellington (Auckland)
 * 1981 – Dunedin City
 * 1982 – Mount Wellington (Auckland)
 * 1983 – Mount Wellington (Auckland)
 * 1984 – Manurewa
 * 1985 – Napier City Rovers
 * 1986 – North Shore United
 * 1987 – Gisborne City
 * 1988 – Waikato United
 * 1989 – Christchurch United
 * 1990 – Mount Wellington (Auckland)
 * 1991 – Christchurch United
 * 1992 – Miramar Rangers
 * 1993 – Napier City Rovers
 * 1994 – Waitakere City
 * 1995 – Waitakere City
 * 1996 – Waitakere City
 * 1997 – Central United (Auckland)
 * 1998 – Central United (Auckland)
 * 1999 – Dunedin Technical
 * 2000 – Napier City Rovers
 * 2001 – University-Mount Wellington (Auckland)
 * 2002 – Napier City Rovers
 * 2003 – University-Mount Wellington (Auckland)
 * 2004 – Miramar Rangers
 * 2005 – Central United (Auckland)
 * 2006 – Western Suburbs (Wellington)
 * 2007 – Central United (Auckland)
 * 2008 – East Coast Bays
 * 2009 – Wellington Olympic
 * 2010 – Miramar Rangers
 * 2011 – Wairarapa United (Masterton)
 * 2012 – Central United
 * 2013 – Cashmere Technical (Christchurch)
 * 2014 – Cashmere Technical (Christchurch)
 * 2015 – Eastern Suburbs
 * 2016 – Birkenhead United (Auckland)
 * 2017 – Onehunga Sports (Auckland)
 * 2018 – Birkenhead United (Auckland)
 * 2019 – Napier City Rovers
 * 2020 – competition cancelled due to Covid-19
 * 2021 – Cashmere Technical (Christchurch)
 * 2022 – Auckland City
 * 2023 – Christchurch United

Bob Smith Memorial Trophy
The Bob Smith Memorial Trophy is traditionally awarded to the runners-up in the Chatham Cup, though this has not always been the case, notably in the years 1982 to 1997, when the trophy's location was unknown. Details of each year's runners-up can be found in the individual articles on each year's competition.

Jack Batty Memorial Cup
A Jack Batty Memorial Cup is presented annually to the player adjudged to have made the most positive impact in the Chatham Cup final. The trophy honours Jack Batty, who was both a member of the crew of HMS Chatham and also a three-time medallist in the early days of the tournament with Auckland Harbour Board, Tramways, and Tramurewa. The cup was donated by his son, John Batty, himself a Chatham Cup winner with Blockhouse Bay in 1970, and was first awarded to Greg Brown of Napier City Rovers in 1985.

 * 1985 – Greg Brown (Napier City Rovers)
 * 1986 – Duncan Cole (North Shore United)
 * 1987 – Dave Reynolds (Gisborne City)
 * 1988 – Steve Tate (Waikato United)
 * 1989 – Michael McGarry (Christchurch United)
 * 1990 – Michael McGarry (Christchurch United)
 * 1991 – Dave Woodard (Wellington United)
 * 1992 – Neal Cave (Miramar Rangers)
 * 1993 – Paul Halford (Napier City Rovers)
 * 1994 – Ivan Vicelich (Waitakere City)
 * 1995 – Darren McClennan (Waitakere City)
 * 1996 – Mark Foy (Mount Wellington)
 * 1997 – Ivan Vicelich (Central United)
 * 1998 – Terry Torrens (Central United)
 * 1999 – Aaron Burgess (Dunedin Technical)
 * 2000 – Jimmy Cudd (Napier City Rovers)
 * 2001 – Paul Bunbury (University-Mount Wellington)
 * 2002 – Leon Birnie (Napier City Rovers)
 * 2003 – Kara Waetford (University-Mount Wellington)
 * 2004 – Tim Butterfield (Miramar Rangers)
 * 2005 – Ross Nicholson (Central United)
 * 2006 – Phil Imray (Western Suburbs)
 * 2007 – Luiz del Monte (Central United)
 * 2008 – Ryan Zoghby (East Coast Bays)
 * 2009 – Raf de Gregorio (Wellington Olympic)
 * 2010 – Phil Imray (Miramar Rangers)
 * 2011 – Scott Robson (Wairarapa United)
 * 2012 – Emiliano Tade (Central United)
 * 2013 – Andy Pitman (Cashmere Technical)
 * 2014 – Stuart Kelly (Cashmere Technical)
 * 2015 – Miles John (Napier City Rovers)
 * 2016 – Tom Davis (Birkenhead United)
 * 2017 – Mario Ilich (Central United)
 * 2018 – Alec Solomons (Birkenhead United)
 * 2019 – Sho Goto (Napier City Rovers)
 * 2020 – Not Awarded
 * 2021 – Yuya Taguchi (Cashmere Technical)
 * 2022 – Dylan Manickum (Auckland City)
 * 2023 – Max Tommy (Melville United)

Most appearances in final
NOTE: An asterisk in the "most recent appearance" column indicates that the team won the Chatham Cup in the year indicated

Other records

 * Highest team score (final): 7:
 * Seatoun 7–1 Christchurch City the ancestors of Christchurch United (1958)
 * Christchurch United 7–1 Rotorua City (1989)
 * Highest team score (any match): 21:
 * Metro 21–0 Norwest United (Third Round, 1998)
 * Central United 21–0 Norwest United (second round, 2005)
 * Most goals in a final: 8:
 * Waterside (Wellington) 6–2 Mosgiel (1940)
 * Western 6–2 Eastern Suburbs (1955)
 * Seatoun 7–1 Christchurch City the ancestors of Christchurch United (1958)
 * North Shore United 5–3 Technical Old Boys (1960)
 * Christchurch United 4–4 (a.e.t) Mount Wellington (1972)*
 * Christchurch United 7–1 Rotorua City (1989)
 * Most winners medals: 6: Steve Sumner
 * Most final appearances: 8:
 * Tony Sibley
 * Ron Armstrong
 * Most individual goals in a final: 6: John Donovan for Seatoun, 1958
 * Most teams entered: 174 (1991)

* Does not include two-legged finals. The 1972 match referred to is the first match, which finished 4–4.

Media coverage
In September 2023, New Zealand signed a deal to have select Chatham Cup games streamed for free on FIFA+ worldwide.

title: Chatham Cup


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Ruben I

Ruben I, (Ռուբեն Ա; 1025/1035–1095) was the first lord of Armenian Cilicia from c. 1081 until his death. He declared the independence of Cilicia from the Byzantine Empire, thus formally founding the beginning of Armenian rule there. The Rubenid dynasty ruled Cilician Armenia until 1219.

Background
The Armenian voluntary immigrations into the Byzantine Empire began as early as the 6th century; from the reign of Emperor Maurice (582–602) onwards they were solidly incorporated into the military fabric of the Byzantine army. The Armenian migration to the south-west, began when the Seljuk invasions made life in the Araxes valley and by Lake Van no longer secure. By the mid 10th century, large numbers of Armenian settlements were well underway in Cilicia.

Greater Armenia was ruled by the Bagratids in relative peace and prosperity from the 9th century until 1045 when their capital city of Ani fell. In 1045, King Gagik II was invited to Constantinople; upon arrival there, he was taken captive and under duress was forced to abdicate his throne and relinquish all his right in Armenia in exchange for lands in Cappadocia. Thus Ani was relinquished to Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos who began the resettlement of large numbers of Armenians in Byzantine Cilicia. Gagik was killed by Byzantine orders in 1079, after his own peculiarly atrocious murder of the Archbishop of Caesarea (today Kayseri in Turkey).

The Seldjuks also played a significant role in the Armenian immigration into Cilicia. In 1071, Sultan Alp Arslan put an end to Byzantine dominance in the east with his most convincing victory at the battle on the plains of Manzikert, where Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes was taken captive.

His descent and early years
There is a consensus that the Rubenids were descendants of the Bagratids, and Ruben was a relative of the last Bagratid king, Gagik II. The Armenian chronicler Kirakos Gandzaketsi speaks of the Rubenids as "the sons and descendants of Gagik Artsruni". Another Armenian chronicler, Vahram, a personal secretary of King Levon II refers to Ruben as "a famous chief of the blood royal, Rouben by name."

Roupen, according to the general consensus of the Armenian chroniclers, was a commander in the king’s armies. After the surrender of Ani to Constantine IX, a number of King Gagik II’s princes and loyal adherents, among them Roupen faithfully followed the king's court into exile and resettled in the district of Caesarea in Cappadocia. However upon the murder of Gagik II, Roupen gathered his family and fled to the Taurus Mountains and took refuge in the fortress of Kopitar (Kosidar) situated north of Sis (currently known as Kozan). The territory of the Armenians in the Taurus was hard of access and easy to defend.

The foundation of Armenian Cilicia
Roupen declared the independence of Cilicia from the Byzantine Empire in 1080. Relying mostly upon what was left of the loyal followers of King Gagik, he developed enough strength to descend gradually towards the heartland of the Cilician plain. He began leading bold and successful military campaigns against the Byzantines, and on one occasion he culminated his venture with the capture of the fortress of Pardzerpert (today Andırın in Turkey) which became a stronghold of the Roupenian dynasty.

At that time, Roupen was outshone by the Armenian Vahram, called Philaretus by the Greeks. Philaretus’ dominion stretched from Tarsus to the lands beyond the river Euphrates; and Roupen became his vassal. They jointly expanded northward and eastward.

In 1086, Malik Shah I conquered much of northern Syria and the Armenian Highlands where he installed new governors who levied repressive taxes on the Armenian inhabitants. Thus the sufferings endured by the Armenians at the hands of the Seljuks became the impetus for many of the Armenians to seek refuges and sanctuaries in Byzantine Anatolia and Cilicia throughout the second half of the 11th century.

By 1090, Roupen was growing old; his command seems to have then passed entirely to his son Constantine, who in the same year conquered the strategic Cilician castle of Vahka (today Feke in Turkey).

Roupen died at the age of 70 (or 60); he was buried at the monastery of Castalon.

Marriage and children
The name of Roupen’s wife is unknown. His recorded children are:
 * Constantine I of Cilicia (1035/1055 – 24 February 1102 / 23 February 1103)
 * (?) Thoros of Marash (according to Rüdt-Collenberg, he was the brother of Constantine I; it is not known what evidence this claim is based on but it should be treated with caution)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ruben I


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mundane

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash 01:34, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Mundane
Delete : Mundane topic. Should be part of some larger article if authors find that it should be wiki-relevant.
 * keep I can see the argument for merging into mundane or perhaps into Babylon 5. Though with respect User:Xtreambar, merging is not the same as deletion. On the other hand, I think the discussion of the derogatory use of the word is outside the scope of wiktionary and it is worthy of splitting from Babylon 5. MGSpiller 00:32, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It would be preferable to keep the expression as a separate article, but with primary mention of its older fannish usage (from science fiction fandom), with linkage to Babylon 5 only in recognition that the television series derived the usage from SF fandom. Frankly, mundanes deserve to be treated in a derogatory manner, as in the commonly seen SF convention button "Save the Mundanes! We Need Them For Breeding Stock." SJ Doc 01:44, 19 Jul 2005 (unregistered)
 * Merge with Babylon 5, don't redirect. The term "mundane" is not specific to Babylon 5 only. Babylon 5 also used the word "and" on several occasions, should that article also be redirected to Babylon 5?   — J I P | Talk 07:28, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Does Babylon 5 say anything specific about "and"? Kappa 13:53, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * We cannot merge and not redirect. The GFLD ties our hands. If we merge, we must redir to maintain the history i.e. the author attribution list. -Splash 00:40, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable term. Stirling Newberry 23:24, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep- used by many groups to tag outsiders (SF fandom, SCAdians and pagans off the top of my head) Saswann 14:21, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Science Fiction Fandom along with gafiate and fafiate (see VfD also opened this date). Transwiki definition. - WCFrancis 18:08, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mundane


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Jazz piano

Jazz piano is a collective term for the techniques pianists use when playing jazz. The piano has been an integral part of the jazz idiom since its inception, in both solo and ensemble settings. Its role is multifaceted due largely to the instrument's combined melodic and harmonic capabilities. For this reason it is an important tool of jazz musicians and composers for teaching and learning jazz theory and set arrangement, regardless of their main instrument. By extension the phrase 'jazz piano' can refer to similar techniques on any keyboard instrument.

Along with the guitar, vibraphone, and other keyboard instruments, the piano is one of the instruments in a jazz combo that can play both single notes and chords rather than only single notes as does the saxophone or trumpet.

Beginning
A new style known as "stride" or "Harlem stride" emerged during the 1920s, predominantly in New York, United States. James P. Johnson was a prominent adherent. The left hand was used to establish rhythm while the right hand improvised melodies.

Learning jazz piano
Mastering the various chord voicings—simple to advanced—is the first building block of learning jazz piano. Jazz piano technique uses all the chords found in Western art music, such as major, minor, augmented, diminished, seventh, diminished seventh, sixth, minor seventh, major seventh, suspended fourth, and so on. A second key skill is learning to play with a swing rhythm and "feel". In jazz, the roots are usually omitted from keyboard voicings, as this task is left to the double bass player. Jazz pianists also make extensive use of chord "extensions", such as adding the ninth, eleventh or thirteenth scale degree to the chord. In some cases, these extensions may be "altered" i.e. sharpened or flattened, as in the case of a "sharp 11" chord.

The next step is learning to improvise melodic lines using scales and chord tones. This ability is perfected after long experience, including much practice, which internalizes the physical skills of playing and the technical elements of harmony, and it requires a great natural 'ear' for extemporaneous music-making. When jazz pianists improvise, they use the scales, modes, and arpeggios associated with the chords in a tune's chord progression. The approach to improvising has changed since the earliest eras of jazz piano. During the swing era, many soloists improvised "by ear" by embellishing the melody with ornaments and passing notes. However, during the bebop era, the rapid tempo and complicated chord progressions made it increasingly harder to play "by ear." Along with other improvisers, such as saxes and guitar players, bebop-era jazz pianists began to improvise over the chord changes using scales (whole tone scale, chromatic scale, etc.) and arpeggios.

Styles
Jazz piano (the technique) and the instrument itself offer soloists an exhaustive number of choices. One may play the bass register in an ostinato pattern, popular in boogie-woogie style, where the left hand repeats a phrase numerous times throughout a song, as performed by Rob Agerbeek in "Boogie Woogie Stomp". The left hand can also be played as a melodic counterline that emulates the walking of an upright bass. In stride piano, (similar to the earlier ragtime) the left hand rapidly plays alternate positions between notes in the bass register and chords in the tenor register, while the right hand plays melody and improvises, as performed in George Gershwin's "Liza". The right hand may play melodic lines, or harmonic content, chordally or in octaves. It may also be played in lockstep with the left hand, using a double melody block chord called "locked-hand" voicing, or Shearing voicing—a technique popularized, though not invented, by the pianist and set leader George Shearing.

Ensemble role
Jazz piano has played a leading role in developing the sound of jazz. Early on, Black jazz musicians created ragtime on the piano. As the genre progressed, the piano was usually featured in the rhythm section of a band, which was typically configured as one or more of piano, guitar, bass, or drums, or other instruments, such as the vibraphone.

Over time, playing piano-accompaniment in ensemble sets, and then bands, changed from primarily time-keeping (consisting of repetitive left-hand figures) to a more flexible role. Ultimately, the skilled pianist was free both to lead and to answer the instrumental soloist, using both short and sustained, chordal and melodic, fragments—a technique known as comping. Good comping musicians were capable of many and different chord voicings, so to match the various moods the different soloists were aiming for. In the early days, not all leading pianists were concerned to provide comping. Others—notably Duke Ellington, who became famous during the Harlem Renaissance at the Cotton Club—earned great esteem among band members as well as other musicians. Ellington comped enthusiastically in support of the soloist and did much to develop the technique.

Jazz piano moved away from playing lead melody to providing foundation for song sets; soon, skilled jazz pianists were performing as soloists. In the 1940s and 1950s, a number of great piano players emerged. Pianists like Thelonious Monk and Bud Powell helped create and establish the sound of bebop. Bill Evans built upon the style of Powell while adding a distinct classical influence to his playing, while Oscar Peterson pushed rhythmic variations and was influenced by the style of Art Tatum, Teddy Wilson and Nat King Cole. Wynton Kelly, Red Garland, Herbie Hancock, and Keith Jarrett were also exceptional pianists who played with Miles Davis. Tommy Flanagan was featured by John Coltrane on his hit album Giant Steps. McCoy Tyner is also an influential player who played with Coltrane.

title: Jazz piano


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Rayveness

Gina-Raye Carter (born 1972), known professionally as Rayveness, is an American pornographic and mainstream film actress. She is an inductee of both the AVN Hall of Fame and the XRCO Hall of Fame.

Career
Rayveness's first appearance in a pornographic film was a homemade tape she made with her then-husband at the age of 18, after seeing an episode of The Sally Jessy Raphael Show about amateur pornography. Rather than becoming a full-time pornographic performer right away, she sold flowers in nightclubs and worked as a waitress and a stripper.

In 2000, she took a break from the adult film business to pursue acting in mainstream films. She dyed her hair red and wore brown contact lenses to minimize the chance of someone recognizing her. She appeared in a speaking role on NYPD Blue and was in Path to War as President Lyndon B. Johnson's eldest daughter, Lynda. She returned to the adult industry in 2003 after the death of John Frankenheimer, who was her primary connection to the mainstream industry.

In July 2009, Rayveness became the first contract star for the all-female studio Girlfriends Films, although the contract allowed her to continue boy-girl work elsewhere. She is a member of the XRCO Hall of Fame and the AVN Hall of Fame. In 2019, she appeared alongside fellow pornographic actresses Lisa Ann and Cory Chase in an episode of the Showtime series Billions titled "Infinite Game".

Personal life
Rayveness grew up in the Quaker faith and married a year before she left high school. By 2000, she had divorced and remarried, this time to porn actor Tod Alexander. They divorced in 2003. In 2004, she filed a petition with Congressman Brad Sherman requesting that the age requirement for pornography performers be raised from 18 to 21, saying that "People right out of high school in this country don't seem to have the foresight to make such life-altering decisions."

title: Rayveness


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Bryan Hextall

Bryan Aldwyn Hextall (July 31, 1913 – July 25, 1984) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the New York Rangers in the National Hockey League (NHL). Considered one of the top wingers of the 1940s, he led the NHL in goal scoring twice and in points once. Additionally, he was named a first-team All-Star three times, and a second-team All-Star once.

Hextall scored the overtime-winning goal that clinched the 1940 Stanley Cup for the Rangers. He is the father of one of hockey's greatest families, as his sons Bryan Jr. and Dennis, and grandson Ron all had lengthy NHL careers. Bryan Sr. was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1969.

Playing career
Born in Grenfell, Saskatchewan in 1913, Hextall grew up in Poplar Point, Manitoba. He played his first hockey there, winning the Manitoba juvenile championship in 1929–30. He played junior hockey with the Winnipeg Monarchs in 1931–32 before switching to the Portage Terriers with whom he won the Manitoba Junior Hockey League scoring title in 1932–33.

Hextall began his professional career in 1933–34 with the Vancouver Lions of the North West Hockey League (NWHL). He played three seasons in Vancouver, leading the NWHL in scoring with 27 goals in 1935–36. He moved on to the Philadelphia Ramblers of the International-American Hockey League the following year, again leading the league with 27 goals.

The New York Rangers brought Hextall up for three games in 1937. He made the team full-time in 1937–38. A left-handed shooter, Hextall played his "off wing" – right wing – at a time before it was common practice. He scored at least 20 goals seven times in his career, mainly while playing on the Rangers' top line with Phil Watson and Lynn Patrick.

Hextall led the NHL in goal scoring and was named a first-team All-Star for the first time in 1939–40. He was one of the Rangers' top players during the 1940 Stanley Cup Finals against the Toronto Maple Leafs. Hextall scored a hat trick against the Leafs and added an assist to lead the Rangers to a come-from-behind victory in game two of the series, and scored the overtime winning goal in the sixth game that clinched the third Stanley Cup championship in Rangers history. The Rangers would not win another for 54 years.

A second All-Star selection followed in 1940–41 as Hextall again led the NHL in goal scoring and finished in a tie for second in overall points. He led the league in points in 1941–42; his total of 56 standing seven better than second place. Additionally, he was named to the first All-Star team for the third consecutive season.

Hextall scored career highs in goals, 27, and points, 59, in 1942–43 and was again named a post-season All-Star, this time on the second team. In addition to being a top scorer, Hextall was also durable. He appeared in 340 consecutive games for the Rangers between 1937 and 1944. His streak came to an end in 1944 when Canadian war authorities denied him a permit to cross into the United States. The Rangers' attempts to regain his services were unsuccessful, Unable to play in the NHL, Hextall regained his amateur status and played senior hockey briefly with the St. Catharines Saints in the Ontario Hockey Association's senior division.

The conclusion of World War II allowed Hextall to return to the Rangers in 1945–46, however, his return was short-lived. He was hospitalized with a liver ailment, an illness that ruled him out of season after just three games, and led to fears it would end his career. Hextall overcame doctors expectations, appearing in all 60 games for the Rangers in 1946–47. After a final season in the NHL in 1947–48, Hextall split the 1948–49 American Hockey League season between the Cleveland Barons and Washington Lions before announcing his retirement.

Hextall was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1969, and is an honoured member of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame. Additionally, the Manitoba hall named him to its all-century second All-Star team.

Off the ice
He was the first of three generations of Hextalls in the NHL. His sons Bryan Jr. and Dennis both had long careers, and his grandson Ron was a longtime goaltender in the league.

Hextall battled circulation problems in his lower legs following his retirement, an ailment that ultimately led to the amputation of both legs below the knee in 1978. Artificial legs allowed him to maintain his hobby of hunting. He died of a heart attack at his home in Poplar Point, Manitoba, in 1984.

title: Bryan Hextall


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Smudo

Michael Bernd Schmidt (born 6 March 1968), better known as Smudo, is a German rapper and songwriter in the hip hop group Die Fantastischen Vier.

title: Smudo


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Hippy Sippy

Hippy Sippy was a candy introduced in the late 1960s. It consisted of small, multi-colored chocolate pellets contained in a plastic ampoule, with a straw provided to suck the candy from the container. Also included was a button badge with the phrase "Hippy Sippy says I'll try anything" or "please feed me" printed on it.

The packaging was seen by some as resembling a syringe, and drew criticism for potentially normalizing drug use. The FDA classified the packaging as a health hazard over concerns that pellets could be inhaled through the straw and into the respiratory tract.

The product was removed from the market within a few months.

title: Hippy Sippy


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Lower Burgundy

Karte Hoch und Niederburgund EN.png, ca 900.

{{legend|#ECE87B|Upper Burgundy}} {{legend|#FBCB8C|Lower Burgundy}} {{legend|#D6B68A|Duchy of Burgundy of Richard the Justiciar}}]] The Kingdom of Lower Burgundy, also called Cisjurane Burgundy, was a historical kingdom in what is now southeastern France, so-called because it was lower down the Rhône Valley than Upper Burgundy. It included some of the territory of the Kingdom of Arelat.

The borders of Lower Burgundy were the Mediterranean Sea to the south, Septimania to the southwest, Aquitaine to the west, the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy to the north, and the Kingdom of Italy to the east.

History
The West Frankish King Louis the Stammerer died on 10 April 879 and was survived by two adult sons, Louis and Carloman. Boso, Count of Vienne, renounced allegiance to both brothers and in July claimed independence of the Kingdom of Provence. On 15 October 879, the bishops and nobles of the region around the rivers Rhône and Saône assembled in the Synod of Mantaille and elected Boso king as successor to Louis the Stammerer, the first non-Carolingian king in Western Europe in more than a century. This was the first "free election" of a king among the Franks, without regard to royal descent, though his mother was a Carolingian. The Kingdom of Provence comprised the ecclesiastical provinces of the archbishops of Arles, Aix, Vienne, Lyon (without Langres), and probably Besançon, as well as the dioceses of Tarentaise, Uzès, and Viviers.

Boso was an incompetent ruler and by 882 King Carloman of West Francia reintegrated the kingdom into the West Frankish realm. When Carloman died on 12 December 884, the nobles of that kingdom (which included Lower Burgundy), invited Charles the Fat to assume the kingship. Arnulf of Carinthia deposed his uncle Charles in November 887. In 890 Boso's son Louis the Blind was crowned King of Lower Burgundy.

Louis the Blind was invited into Italy by Adalbert II of Tuscany who wished to keep Berengar of Friuli from gaining control of the Italian peninsula. Louis defeated Berengar and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Benedict IV. Berengar defeated Louis the next year, forced him to flee Italy and promise to never return. In 905, Louis again invaded Italy but was defeated and blinded for breaking his oath. Louis lost his titles of King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor to Berengar.

Blinded, Louis made Hugh of Arles, the Count of Provence, his regent. Hugh was elected King of Italy in 924 during a Civil War, and he spent the next two years ejecting his opponent, King Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy, from Italy. Louis died in 928 and was succeeded by Hugh. After failing to expand his power by a marriage to Marozia (the effective ruler of Rome), Hugh spent the next five years of his reign fighting Magyar raids and Andalusian pirates. In 933, Hugh made peace with Rudolph of Upper Burgundy by giving him the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy, and the two Burgundies were combined into the Kingdom of Burgundy, also known from the 12th century as Kingdom of Arles.

title: Lower Burgundy


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Lachesis muta

Lachesis muta, also known as the Southern American bushmaster or Atlantic bushmaster, is a venomous pit viper species found in South America, as well as the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.

Taxonomy
Two additional subspecies, L. m. melanocephala and L. m. stenophrys, had earlier been recognized. However, both were elevated to species level by Zamudio and Green in 1997 (see L. melanocephala and L. stenophrys).

Description
Adults grow to an average of 2 to 2.5 m (6½-8 feet), although 3 m (10 feet) is not too unusual. The largest recorded specimen was 3.65 m (almost 12 feet) long, making the species the largest of all vipers and the longest venomous snake in the Western Hemisphere. Lachesis muta is the third longest venomous snake in the world, exceeded in length only by the king cobra and the black mamba. Weight in this species is estimated at an average of 3 to 5 kg, somewhat less than the heaviest rattlesnakes (like the eastern diamondback rattlesnake) or Bitis vipers (such as the Gaboon viper and rhinoceros viper).

The head is broad and distinct from the narrow neck. The snout is broadly rounded. There is no canthus. A pair of small internasals is present, separated by small scales. The supraoculars are narrow. Other parts of the crown are covered with very small scales. Laterally, the second supralabial forms the anterior border of the loreal pit, while the third is very large. The eye is separated from the supralabials by 4-5 rows of small scales.

The body is cylindrical, tapered and moderately stout. Midbody there are 31-37 nonoblique rows of dorsal scales which are heavily keeled with bulbous tubercles and feebly imbricate. There are 200-230 ventral scales. The tail is short with 32-50 mainly paired subcaudals, followed by 13-17 rows of small spines and a terminal spine. Like most New World pit vipers, Lachesis muta exhibits defensive tail vibration behavior in response to potential predatory threats

The color pattern consists of a yellowish, reddish or grey-brown ground color, overlaid with a series of dark brown or black dorsal blotches that form lateral inverted triangles of the same color. The lateral pattern may be precisely or indistinctly defined, normally pale at the center.

Venom
Some reports suggest that this species produces a large amount of venom that is weak compared to some other vipers. Others, however, suggest that such conclusions are not accurate. These animals are badly affected by stress and rarely live long in captivity. This makes it difficult to obtain venom in useful quantities and good condition for study purposes. For example, Bolaños (1972) observed that venom yield from his specimens fell from 233 mg to 64 mg while they remained in his care. As the stress of being milked regularly has this effect on venom yield, it is reasoned that it may also affect venom toxicity. This may explain the disparity described by Hardy and Haad (1998) between the low laboratory toxicity of the venom and the high mortality rate of bite victims.

Brown (1973) gives the following values for mice: 1.5 mg/kg IV, 1.6–6.2 mg/kg IP, 6.0 mg/kg SC. He also notes a venom yield of 200–411 mg. The bushmaster's venom has proteolytic activity, which destroys and causes lesions in the tissue, anti-coagulant, which causes incoagulable blood, hemorrhagic and neurotoxic, that acts mainly on vagal stimulation. The symptoms are quite similar to those caused by Bothrops, at the site of the bite there is pain, edema, ecchymosis, skin necrosis, abscesses, vesicles and blisters. The main complications at the bite site include necrosis, compartment syndrome, secondary infections and functional deficit. The systemic effects are characterized by hypotension, dizziness, visual disturbances, bradycardia, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Other manifestations are also similar to Bothrops, including systemic hemorrhage and kidney failure. In ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil, a 7-year-old boy was bitten when he left the house and stepped on one of these specimens, which then readily bit him; death was reported to have occurred approximately 15 minutes later. In 2005, in northwest Mato Grosso, a 5-year-old child also died, going into shock approximately 30 minutes after being bitten by a Lachesis muta and succumbing within 90 minutes.

Etymology
Lachesis is one of the three Fates in Greek mythology and was supposed to assign to man his term of life—something this species is certainly capable of doing. The species is similar in appearance to rattlesnakes and vibrates its tail vigorously when alarmed, but has no rattle and was therefore called mutus (later muta), which is Latin for "dumb" or "mute". However, when in the undergrowth, the tail actually makes quite a loud rustling noise.

Common names
Known as the mapepire zanana or mapepire grande (pronounced ma-pa(y)-PEE za-Na-na or ma-pa(Y)-PEE GRAN-dey) in Trinidad, surucucú in the Amazon Basin (surucucu in a large part of Brazil), shushúpe in Peru, and pucarara in Bolivia. In Venezuela the species is known as cuaima or cuaima piña. In Colombia it is known as verrugosa or verrugoso due to the warty look of its scales, and in Suriname as makasneki and makkaslang.

It is called ĩtsãi in the Kwaza language of Rondônia, Brazil.

In the Shawi language of Peru, it is called na’shi.

Distribution and habitat
L. muta is found in South America in the equatorial forests east of the Andes, and the island of Trinidad. The type locality is "Surinami" (Suriname). It occurs in primary and secondary forests; adjacent fields and cleared areas. In Trinidad it tends to prefer hilly and mountainous regions.

Diet
Bushmasters prey primarily on rats and mice. Birds and reptiles may occasionally be eaten. Spiny rats are favored prey items in Costa Rica. Rice rats and agoutis are other favored prey. Other prey items include porcupines, squirrels, opossums, squirrel monkeys, and frogs.

title: Lachesis muta


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Hap Holmes

Harry George "Hap" Holmes (February 21, 1888 – June 27, 1941) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. As a professional, Holmes won the Stanley Cup four times, with four teams. He tied the record of his 1914 Stanley Cup winning Toronto Blueshirts teammate Jack Marshall, who also won Cups with four teams. No other player has duplicated this record.

Holmes played as an amateur for three seasons with the Parkdale Canoe Club of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) from 1908 to 1911, before joining the professional Toronto Blueshirts of the National Hockey Association (NHA) in 1912–13. Holmes won the first of his four Stanley Cups in 1914. Although being under contract to the Blueshirts, Holmes joined the Seattle Metropolitans of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) for the 1915–16 season, winning his second Stanley Cup (1917) in his second season with the Metropolitans. For the 1917–18 season, Holmes ended up playing for the Torontos (the following year renamed as the Toronto Arenas) of the National Hockey League (NHL) through a series of loans by other teams. Holmes won his third Stanley Cup in his only full season with the Torontos. After playing two games in the 1918–19 season for the Toronto Arenas, Holmes was recalled by the Metropolitans. Holmes played for the Metropolitans for the next six seasons, until the team folded.

In the 1924–25 season, Holmes joined the Victoria Cougars of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL/WHL). Holmes played for the Cougars for two seasons, winning the Stanley Cup for his fourth and last time. After the WCHL/WHL folded, Holmes joined the Detroit Cougars of the NHL, playing with the Cougars for two seasons before retiring.

Holmes was a stand-up style goaltender; later on in his career, Holmes wore a cap in goal to protect his head from objects thrown by spectators. Holmes coached minor-league teams after his retirement, notably the Toronto Millionaires of the Canadian Professional Hockey League (CPHL) and the Cleveland Indians of the International Hockey League (IHL). Holmes died in 1941, near Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and was inducted posthumously into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1972.

Amateur career
Harry "Hap" Holmes, alternatively nicknamed "Happy", started playing ice hockey as an amateur with the Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club in the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) in the 1908–09 season. He played with Parkdale for three seasons, for 11 regular season games and two playoff games. In his first season with the Parkdale Canoe Club, Holmes lost all three games in which he appeared, giving up 22 goals over that stretch.

The following season, Holmes appeared in four games, winning and losing two games apiece. Over the 1909–10 season, Holmes gave up 26 goals. In 1910–11, his last season with the Parkdale Canoe Club, he appeared in four regular season games once more, winning three and losing one, while giving up only 12 goals over those games. In the playoffs, Holmes played two games, losing one and tying the other, surrendering nine goals.

In the 1911–12 season, Holmes appeared in only one exhibition game, as the Toronto Blueshirts were unable to play due to the slow completion of their artificial ice. Holmes played a game for the Toronto Tecumsehs, conceding three goals in a victory.

Toronto Blueshirts
Holmes began his professional career playing for the Toronto Blueshirts of the National Hockey Association (NHA) in 1912–13. Holmes played with the Blueshirts for three seasons. In his first season with the Blueshirts, Holmes had a 6–7 (win-loss) record over 15 games with a shutout, and a 4.47 goals-against average. The Blueshirts ended up missing the playoffs. In the 1913–14 season, Holmes' second season with the Blueshirts, he won the Stanley Cup for the first time. It was the first time a Toronto-based team won the Stanley Cup. In the NHA playoffs, Holmes won one out of two games, and recorded a 1.00 goals-against average and one shutout; in the Stanley Cup Finals, Holmes won all three games and finished with a 2.59 goals-against average. The next season, the Blueshirts missed the playoffs, as Holmes had only eight victories over 20 games, ending up with a 4.18 goals-against average.

First stint with the Seattle Metropolitans
In the 1915–16 season, Holmes signed with the Seattle Metropolitans of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA), although he was still under contract to the Blueshirts. In his first season with the Metropolitans, Holmes played 18 games. He finished with a 9–9 record, with no shutouts and a 3.67 goals-against average. That season, the Metropolitans missed the playoffs. In his second season with Seattle, Holmes posted a 16–8 record over 24 games, with two shutouts and a 3.28 goals-against average. In the Stanley Cup Finals, Holmes posted a 3–1 record with a 2.75 goals-against average, en route to the Metropolitans' only Stanley Cup win. The Metropolitans became the first American-based team to win the Stanley Cup.

Torontos / Toronto Arenas
In November 1917, Holmes signed as a free agent with the Montreal Wanderers. The Wanderers, in turn, loaned Holmes back to Seattle on December 12, 1917. On January 4, 1918, the Metropolitans returned Holmes under loan to the Torontos, now in the newly formed NHL. In his only full season with the Torontos/Arenas, Holmes appeared in 16 regular season games, posting a 9–7 record, with a 4.73 goals-against average and no shutouts. In the NHL playoffs, Holmes played two games, winning and losing one apiece. In the Stanley Cup Finals, Holmes had a 3–2 record over five games, with a 4.00 goals-against average, en route to Holmes' third Stanley Cup win. He is the only member of both the Blueshirts' 1914 Stanley Cup win and the Torontos' 1918 Stanley Cup win. After playing only two games with the Toronto Arenas the following season, surrendering nine goals in two losses, Holmes was recalled by the Metropolitans on December 27, 1918.

Second stint with the Seattle Metropolitans
In the 1918–19 season Holmes appeared in 20 regular season games for the Metropolitans, winning 11 and losing nine, with no shutouts and a 2.25 goals-against average. In the PCHA playoffs, Holmes played two games, winning and losing one apiece, and surrendering five goals in total. The Metropolitans made the Stanley Cup Finals once more. Playing against the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL), the series was abandoned tied at two wins apiece, because of the Spanish flu pandemic. Montreal could not continue the series because several of their players were severely ill with influenza; however, the Metropolitans did not wish to accept the Cup by default. Canadiens player Joe Hall died on April 5, 1919, five days after the end of the series, in a Seattle hospital. The only draw of the series was a scoreless affair; after playing 20 minutes of overtime, referee Mickey Ion called the game off.

In the 1919–20 season, Holmes appeared in 22 games, winning 12 games, and losing 10. He finished the season with four shutouts and a 2.46 goals-against average. In the PCHA playoffs, Holmes played two games, surrendering three goals, and ending up with a loss and a win. The Metropolitans made the Stanley Cup Finals for the second straight season, playing against the Ottawa Senators of the NHL. The Metropolitans lost, and Holmes posted a 2–3 record with a 3.00 goals-against average.

Holmes played the next four seasons with the Metropolitans, but failed to make the Stanley Cup Finals. Over that stretch, Holmes and the Metropolitans won about half the games each season. The Metropolitans missed the playoffs in only the 1922–23 season. In the 1920–21 season, Holmes appeared in 24 games. He posted a 12–11–1 (win-loss-tie) record, with a 2.63 goals-against average and no shutouts. In the playoffs, he lost both games he appeared in, and let in 13 goals. The following season, he posted an identical win–loss–tie record in both the regular season and playoffs. The only difference was a 2.60 goals-against average in the regular season, with four shutouts, and the reduction of his playoffs goals-against by 11 goals. In the 1922–23 season, Holmes appeared in 30 games, posting a 15–15 record, with two shutouts and a 3.45 goals-against average; however, the Metropolitans missed the playoffs that season. In the 1923–24 season, Holmes' last with the Metropolitans, he appeared in 30 regular season games, posting a 14–16 record, with two shutouts and a 3.26 goals-against average. Despite an extra loss, the Metropolitans made the playoffs that season. Holmes played two games, losing one and tying one, ending up with a 1.79 goals-against average.

Victoria Cougars
In 1924–25, after the Metropolitans folded and the rest of the PCHA merged with the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL), Holmes joined the Victoria Cougars. In his first season with the Cougars, Holmes posted a 16–12 regular season record, with three shutouts and a 2.25 goals-against average. In the WCHL playoffs, Holmes was undefeated in four games. He had two wins and ties each, with one shutout and a 1.75 goals-against average. In the Stanley Cup Finals, Holmes posted a 3–1 record with a 2.00 goals-against average against the Montreal Canadiens. It was the last time a non-NHL team won the Stanley Cup. It was Holmes' fourth and last Stanley Cup victory.

The following season, Holmes had a 15–11–4 regular season record, with four shutouts and a 1.68 goals-against average. In the WHL playoffs, Holmes nearly duplicated his results from the previous season, posting a 2–0–2 record, with one shutout and a 1.45 goals-against average. In the 1926 Stanley Cup Finals, the Cougars lost the series 3–1 against the Montreal Maroons. That marked the last time a non-NHL team appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals, as the WHL folded after the 1926 Stanley Cup Finals, and its players were absorbed by the NHL. It was Holmes' seventh and last Stanley Cup Finals appearance.

Detroit Cougars
A new NHL franchise in Detroit bought the rights to the Victoria Cougars players, and named the team the Cougars. Holmes played his last two professional seasons with the Detroit Cougars. Holmes, playing for Detroit, posted 17 shutouts in 85 appearances. Detroit failed to make the playoffs in both of Holmes' seasons with them, as Holmes only won 30 of his 85 appearances. In Holmes' first season with Detroit, he posted an 11–26–4 record, over 41 games played. Holmes had six shutouts and overall, his goals-against average that season was 2.23. In the 1927–28 season, Holmes' final one as a professional player, he appeared in all 44 of Detroit's games. He posted a 19–19–6 record, with 11 shutouts and a 1.73 goals-against average.

Playing style
As a player, Holmes wore a baseball cap in net to protect his head from spectators spitting tobacco or throwing other objects at it. Holmes was bald, and as described by the Windsor Star, "his shining bald dome presented a tempting target". Holmes played a stand-up style, and relied on proper positioning to stop the puck. Holmes' play was consistent, and he was relaxed and nonchalant in the nets, leading some to describe his play as almost lazy.

Post-retirement
After his playing career, Holmes coached minor-league teams. He coached the Toronto Millionaires of the Canadian Professional Hockey League (CPHL) to a 19–6–7 record in the 1928–29 season, and the Cleveland Indians of the International Hockey League (IHL) to a 24–18–6 record in the 1930–31 season. The American Hockey League (AHL) named their award for the top goaltender, the Hap Holmes Memorial Award, after him.

In his later years, Holmes moved to south Florida and opened a papaya farm. During this period, his son Bill played with the Miami Clippers of the abortive Tropical Hockey League. The elder Holmes had the intention of eventually starting a hockey league in Australia, but the farm went under and nothing came of the idea.

Holmes died on June 27, 1941 of a cerebral hemorrhage, after years of declining health. He was inducted posthumously into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1972.

title: Hap Holmes


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Jay L. Johnson

Jay Lynn Johnson (born June 5, 1946) is a retired United States Navy admiral who served as the 26th Chief of Naval Operations from 1996 to 2000. He was later president and chief executive officer of General Dynamics.

Early life
Johnson was born in Great Falls, Montana, on June 5, 1946, and raised in West Salem, Wisconsin. An Eagle Scout and later recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award, he graduated in 1968 from the United States Naval Academy. His Naval Academy classmates included Admirals Michael Mullen and Dennis C. Blair, Generals Charles Bolden and Michael Hagee; as well as Lt. Col Oliver North and Senator Jim Webb. Upon completion of flight training, Johnson was designated a Naval Aviator in 1969.

Naval career
Johnson's first sea-duty tour was aboard the carrier USS Oriskany (CV-34), where he made two combat cruises flying the F-8J Crusader with Fighter Squadron 191 (VF-191). Subsequent squadron and sea duty tours after transitioning to the F-14 Tomcat included: VF-142, VF-101, commanding officer of VF-84 (1955–1995); commander, Carrier Air Wing One and assistant chief of staff for operations for commander, United States Sixth Fleet.

Shore duty assignments included: aviation junior officer detailer and head, Aviation Officer Junior Assignment Branch at the Bureau of Naval Personnel in Washington, D.C.; student, Armed Forces Staff College, in Norfolk, Virginia; and the Chief of Naval Operations Strategic Studies Group at The Pentagon.

Johnson's first flag officer assignment was as assistant chief of naval personnel for distribution in the Bureau of Naval Personnel. In October 1992, he reported as commander, Carrier Group 8/Commander, USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) Battle Group. In July 1994, he was assigned as commander, Second Fleet/Commander, Striking Fleet Atlantic/Commander, Joint Task Force 120.

In March 1996, he reported for duty as the 28th Vice Chief of Naval Operations in Washington, D.C.

In August 1996, Johnson became the 26th Chief of Naval Operations following the death of Admiral Jeremy M. Boorda, and served until July 21, 2000.

Later career
Johnson was executive vice president of Dominion Resources, Inc., from December 2002 to September 2008, also serving as senior vice president of Dominion Energy, Inc., from 2000 to 2002; president and chief executive officer of Dominion Delivery from 2002 to 2007; and chief executive officer of Dominion Virginia Power from October 2007 to September 2008.

Johnson has been a director of General Dynamics, one of the largest U.S. defense contractors, since 2003. He served as vice chairman from September 2008 to July 2009, and president and Chief Executive Officer from then until January 2013, when he was succeeded by Phebe Novakovic.

Awards and decorations

 * DESA ribbon.png Distinguished Eagle Scout Award

title: Jay L. Johnson


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Roverlisk

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 06:25, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Roverlisk
Another orphan VfD - no vote--Doc (?) 00:32, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Should be rolled into main Starcraft article. (Author unknown.)

I can't find the right page for this one, but the subject isn't even in a canon book, so it shouldn't go into the main article. Instead, it should sit in limbo until someone does an article on Shadow of the Xel'Naga. (Honestly, that book was so crappy that almost no one will write one up. If that's the case, delete it.) Kimera757 00:39, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Extra-fine fancruft. The reference is to a piece of a fiction associated with a fiction that is one unlicensed strand of a fiction.  I.e. it is entirely non-encyclopedic.  Geogre 03:27, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Geogre is, as usual, incapable of saying something I disagree with. -Splash 22:24, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As per Geogre. / Peter Isotalo 22:26, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Stephen Mack Jr.

Stephen Mack Jr. (February 2, 1798 – April 10, 1850) adventurer and pioneer, American Fur Company employee, founder of Rockton, Illinois.

Background and early life 1798–1819
Born in Tunbridge, Vermont, he was the son of Stephen and Temperance (Bond) Mack. Stephen, Jr. was a first cousin to Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and when the Latter-day Saints moved to Utah, Stephen's mother accompanied them. Stephen Mack, Sr. was engaged in the mercantile business at Tunbridge until 1807 when he went to Detroit, leaving his wife and family behind.

The senior Mack valued education, and knowing that there was little opportunity in such a remote frontier village, he had his family remain in Vermont. The younger Mack would later pursue for himself a level of education uncommon for his time, and when he had children of his own, he was very active in procuring for them the best educational opportunities. Stephen Mack, Sr. was the first English-speaking merchant in Detroit. He entered into a partnership which was known as Mack & Conant which remained in business until 1821 when it was bought out by its chief competitor The American Fur Company. In 1812 he became a trustee of the village of Detroit and later he was the founder of the city of Pontiac and a director of the Bank of Michigan.

Stephen, Jr. attended Moors Charity School, a preparatory school at Hanover, New Hampshire from August 30, 1813 to August 24, 1816, He then attended a college in Boston but was forced to drop out after a minor illness he failed to properly attend to which became a major one (he did not attend Dartmouth as has often been claimed). It is believed that he joined his father and other family members in Detroit in 1819.

Years at Grand Detour 1820–1829
At that point it is said that he joined a government expedition around the Great Lakes which purpose has not been determined. Edson I. Carr's history of Rockton, published in 1898, relates a romance that Mack learned from traders at Green Bay about Illinois and possible opportunities there, so Mack traveled to the Rock River to the present site of Janesville and then traveled south into Illinois. At a Winnebago village at the present site of South Beloit, he learned of another village farther south located at the present site of Hononegah Forest Preserve, however legend says that Mack took the wrong path and ended up some forty miles to the southwest at a Winnebago village at the present site of Grand Detour in Ogle County. There he met a trader named Lasallier (perhaps his full name was Pierre St. Clair dit Lasallier), an old trading veteran who had operated trading posts on the Illinois and Rock Rivers since 1793. It is much more probable that the truth was that Mack had already known that Lasallier was there and had intended to work for him as a clerk, a usual practice for trading companies.

Mack was a clerk at his arrival in 1820, and on October 20, 1823 he received his first licence as a trader followed by licences on September 6, 1824 and October 5, 1826. Evidence suggests that Mack spent his winters at Grand Detour and then lived in Chicago during the summer. It is known that he voted occasionally and served as a clerk in elections there from 1828 to 1830. On September 29, 1830 he bought two lots in Chicago in the block bound by Randolph, Market, Washington and Water Streets.

While residing at Grand Detour, Stephen Mack met his wife Hononegah. We do not know how or when they met. There is only a shadowy legend that Mack was sick with fever and that Hononegah nursed him back to health. During his stay at Grand Detour, Mack's relations with the villagers were not good. It is said that he became an advisor to the village chief and that the residents were jealous of Mack's supposed influence over him. They also were resentful of Mack, because he had not married one of their women. According to Carr's history previously sited, Mack refused to sell liquor and firearms to them. There are several stories about Mack escaping death with Hononegah's help. One time she warned him that the villagers were coming to kill him, and it took Mack an entire day to finally outrun them. On another occasion Hononegah hid Mack in a barrel. The third story preserved by Edson Carr relates that Mack was returning to the village from Chicago when Hononegah met Mack in the woods to warn him not to return to the village. It is believed that Mack did not marry Hononegah for love, but to express his gratitude to her for saving his life on so many occasions. In February 1829 Mack purchased Lasallier's cabin, and it is probable that at this time Mack had formalized his relationship with Hononegah. It is believed that they had a child that died at birth sometime in 1829. Their eldest surviving child Rosa was born November 14, 1830. Sometime in 1829 Stephen Mack, Jr. and Hononegah Mack fled Grand Detour for good.

Bird's Grove 1829–1835
They went up the river into present day Winnebago County and built a cabin in a Winnebago village at the present site of Hononegah Forest Preserve. Mack's sojourn there was peaceful until the outbreak of the Black Hawk War when a party of Black Hawk's braves raided his cabin searching for his supply of gunpowder (which Mack succeeded to hide). On May 9, 1832, Mack was run out of his cabin, and he and Hononegah fled to Chicago. Edson Carr relates a romance in which Mack met Black Hawk, and after the villagers advised Mack that they could not protect him, Mack took refuge on Webber's Island, and Hononegah provided him with food and fresh water daily until the threat was passed. Carr seems not to have believed the story, and modern research has also cast doubt on it.

On May 24, 1832 Mack enlisted in Captain John S.C. Hogan's company of militia with the rank of 1st Sergeant. Mack's company was too small to be an effectual military organization, and the only noteworthy event was when the company discovered the aftermath of the Indian Creek Massacre (which occurred May 20) at the Davis home some twelve miles north of Ottawa where fifteen whites were slain. By about the second week of June, army regulars from Michigan began arriving in Illinois to continue the war, and by mid-June Mack's company of militia was dissolved.

By a treaty signed in Chicago by the Pottawatomie's on September 28, 1833, Mack received $600.00 on behalf of his three daughters (supporting the belief that Hononegah was part Pottawatomie). After the war Mack returned to his cabin to resume his trading operations.

Founding of Pecatonic 1835
On July 25, 1835 William Talcott and his son Thomas visited Mack, and at this time Mack announced his intentions to found a new community on the south bluff overlooking the confluence of the Rock and Pecatonica Rivers which he would name Pecatonic. Mack believed that the Rock River was navigable upstream for an additional 150 miles while the Pecatonica was navigable for 100 miles, and his site was ideal as a center for trade and commerce. The Talcott's returned to the East to get their families, and when they returned the following autumn, Mack had moved to the site of his new community, now located in the present day Macktown Forest Preserve.

The land that Mack was residing on was originally claimed by Joseph Thiebeau who bought the rights for a section of land for his daughter under the terms of a treaty signed at Prairie du Chien on August 1, 1829. Subsequently the daughter died young making Joseph the legal heir and owner of the section, and on January 17, 1838 Thiebeau sold the land to Jean Baptiste Beaubien, a well-known trader active in Chicago for many years. By June 1838 Beaubien was a partner with Stephen Mack, and, along with John P. Bradstreet, began selling lots in the new community.

On November 1, 1837 a treaty with the Winnebago's was signed in Washington. Mack presented a claim for $6,400.00 in merchandise. It was prorated by the commission and Mack received $2,329.50. He also received an additional $5,000.00 on behalf of his five children (supporting the belief that Hononegah was part Winnebago).

With this money Mack built himself a fine two-story frame house with a cellar, which later became the residence for the forest preserve caretaker and is now a museum. He also used the money to make other improvements. Sometime during 1842/43 Mack built the first bridge across the Rock River in Illinois, formerly located where the public boat landing is presently. The bridge replaced a ferry he had started in 1837. Mack had offered Talcott a partnership in his settlement, but there was disagreement on the terms and words were exchanged. There was a falling out between the two men, and the breach was never healed.

Talcott's Rockton 1835
Talcott was interested in energy. He settled on the north side of the river within the present village of Rockton. He bought most of the area and divided it into lots. On June 2, 1838 he sold his first lot. Earlier, the Talcott's began digging a millrace, and in the Fall of 1839, their gristmill was fully operational. At the time it was the only operation of its kind, and farmers traveled many miles to have their crops processed. A hotel was built for their lodging, and the settlement to the north of the river quickly expanded supplanting Mack's Pecatonic settlement.

Life at Pecatonic 1835–1850
In 1845 Mack tried to interest the Beloit College directors in building a seminary in his settlement. He even was willing to donate 20 acres (81,000 m2) of his own land for the site. Probably Mack's motive was to provide a facility for the education of his own daughters.

But the directors decided to put the seminary in Rockford, and this became the basis for Rockford College. Despite this setback, Mack saw to it that a classroom was set up in the second story of a house. He insisted that the settlement's girls be allowed to attend as well as the boys, and the classroom was even open to the Winnebago children. In spite of the care he took to see that his own children were educated, it is recorded by Edson Carr that one of his daughters was too wild and often walked out on classes, and it is said that Mack eventually gave up on educating her.

Despite his bad relations with the Talcotts, Mack seemed to realize that the area's future was with Talcott's settlement. In 1846 by an act of the legislature, the town was officially named Rockton, a name suggested by one of the Talcott's, and in 1849 Mack was made a Justice of the Peace and the first township treasurer of the school funds. On September 14, 1840 Mack was married to Hononegah by a Justice of the Peace. Since he was not legally married to her, he was concerned that his children might not inherit his estate, so he secured a legal marriage to that ends.

At an unknown date, Mack had formed a business partnership with his cousin Merrill Elmaren Mack. He was incompetent, and when he died March 25, 1844, he left Stephen Mack with substantial debt and much useless merchandise. Mack abandoned trading and merchandise altogether and bought a dairy farm west of Rockton which was managed by the Stocker family (his second daughter Mary married Charles Stocker). As time passed and interest in his settlement dwindled, Mack bought up all the remaining available lots, and at the time of his death, all of the land which comprises the present Macktown Forest Preserve was owned by him.

Hononegah died of fever September 8, 1847 leaving Mack with the responsibility of raising their eight surviving children. On February 4, 1848 Mack married Isabella Daniels of Harrison in order to provide a caregiver for his children.

Mack's death and burial odyssey
In 1850 Winnebago County was formally divided into townships. In an election held April 2, 1850 Mack ran for the position of the first Township Supervisor of Rockton and was narrowly defeated by Sylvester Talcott. Six days later on the following April 10 Mack died suddenly of unknown causes (rumors circulated for years that he was poisoned). Land for the Rockton Cemetery was donated to the village by one of the Talcott's, and Mack refused to have his own family members buried there. Mack, Hononegah and one of their sons were buried in a cemetery which is near the present golf course club house and is marked by a boulder with a memorial plaque.

In 1880 the Mack estate was owned by Sylvester Smith. The cemetery was in such poor condition that Smith announced that he intended to plow the site under, and if anyone had family buried there, they had better move them soon. The Macks were moved to Phillips Cemetery west of Rockton.

In May 1964 the executive committee for the forest preserve decided that Rockton's founding father should be buried next to the Mack home and announced that they were moving their remains back to Macktown. There was a storm of protest by the descendants of the people who had moved the remains in 1880. The forest preserve waited until the dead of night of July 23, 1965 when they exhumed their remains and reburied them near Mack's home.

title: Stephen Mack Jr.


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Johnny Costa

Johnny Costa (born John Costanza; January 18, 1922 – October 11, 1996) was an American jazz pianist. Given the title "The White Art Tatum" by jazz legend Art Tatum, Costa is best known for his work as musical director of the children's television series Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.

Biography
Costa learned to play accordion at age seven and was reading music three years later. Frank Oliver, Costa's high school music teacher, urged him to learn the piano after discovering that Costa had perfect pitch. Costa graduated from Carnegie Mellon University with degrees in music and in education. In case he failed as a musician, Costa prepared himself to teach. On the day of his graduation, he began work as the house pianist for a radio station in Pittsburgh. Eventually he performed the same role for KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh. He provided piano and organ music for many programs, eventually teaming with Fred Rogers to arrange and perform the music heard on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.

Costa's first recording was The Amazing Johnny Costa, a Savoy LP released in 1955 and reissued on CD as Neighborhood in 1989. Although his increasingly lucrative career was beginning to bring him international attention, the amount of time away from his family and friends led him to live and perform only in western Pennsylvania. He stopped traveling and gave up his job as musical director of The Mike Douglas Show. He returned to Pittsburgh and remained there for the rest of his life.

Costa appeared along with guitarist Joe Negri on the 1954 Ken Griffin TV series 67 Melody Lane. Johnny and Joe played two numbers, "After You've Gone" and "Little Brown Jug", the latter with Ken Griffin at the organ.

Mister Rogers' Neighborhood
Costa served as musical director, arranger, and keyboardist for the children's television series Mister Rogers' Neighborhood from the show's debut in 1968 until his death in 1996. The show's creator and host, Fred Rogers, regarded Costa as one of the most gifted musicians he had ever met. Rogers' choice was surprising because Costa's style was regarded as too complicated and sophisticated for a children's show. Costa accepted the job without hesitation because it wouldn't require him to travel away from Pittsburgh, and because Rogers offered him the same amount he needed to pay his son's college tuition ($5,000). Although Mister Rogers' Neighborhood was a children's show, Costa made it a point not to play "kiddie" music. He believed children understood good music and that he could experiment with his own musical styles and techniques, even for a kids' show. Each day, Costa and his trio (Carl McVicker Jr. on bass, Bobby Rawsthorne on percussion) played live in the studio for the filming. In addition to the show's recognizable main theme, they played the trolley whistle, Mr. McFeely's frenetic Speedy Delivery piano plonks, the vibraphone flute-toots (on a synthesizer) as Fred fed his fish, dreamy celesta lines, incidental music, and Rogers' entrance and exit tunes.

Death
Costa died of aplastic anemia in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, at the age of 74.

After his death, Michael Moricz took over as musical director on Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood until the show ended in 2001. Much of Costa's music continued to be used, including the celesta music at the beginning of each episode. At Moricz's request, the show's closing credits continued to list Costa alongside Moricz as its musical directors.

title: Johnny Costa


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Tom Hooper (ice hockey)

Charles Thomas Hooper (November 24, 1883 – March 23, 1960) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played for the Kenora Thistles, Montreal Hockey Club, and Montreal Wanderers. Hooper was a Stanley Cup winner with the Thistles in 1907 and the Wanderers in 1908. Noted for his skating speed, checking and stick-handling ability, he was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963.

Playing career
Hooper was born in the village of Rat Portage, later renamed Kenora, in north-western Ontario, Canada. He first played organized hockey for a local high school. The high school team was very talented, good enough to defeat Rat Portage's senior ice hockey team. In 1896, at the age of thirteen, Hooper joined the Rat Portage senior hockey team where he would play until 1908. During his years with the club, the Thistles won three league titles and challenged for the Stanley Cup three times, in 1903 and 1905 against Ottawa, and 1907 against the Montreal Wanderers. The team won the Cup in January 1907, in part due to Hooper's three goals in the second game of the two-game total-goals series. The team went on to defend the Stanley Cup as league champions but lost the title in March 1907 to the same Wanderers. Hooper missed the March series rematch due to a fractured collarbone.

The Thistles folded after one game in January 1908 and Hooper joined the Montreal Wanderers. He only played two season games with the Wanderers and two Stanley Cup challenge games before he got his release from the team. He had been moved to the cover-point defence position by the Wanderers from his career forward position and lost the starting job to Walter Smaill. He signed with the Montreal Hockey Club for the rest of the season, where he played rover. Hooper's play in the 1907–08 season was considered by hockey writers to not be up to the standard of his previous years due to his fitness. He retired after the season.

After hockey, Hooper moved to Vancouver, British Columbia. He died in 1960 and is buried in Mountain View Cemetery in Vancouver.

Awards

 * 1963 – Hockey Hall of Fame

title: Tom Hooper (ice hockey)


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Maria Wicher

Maria Wicher was married to Professor Enos Wicher and was the mother of Flora Wovschin. The family were all spies for the Soviet Union during the 1940s. Maria had previously been married to Dr. William A. Wovschin, Flora's father. Her code name in Soviet intelligence and in the Venona project is "Dasha".

title: Maria Wicher


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Jeffrey Osborne

Jeffrey Linton Osborne (born March 9, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and lyricist. He is the former drummer and lead singer of the American R&B/soul group L.T.D., with whom he began his musical career in 1970.

Early life and family
Osborne was born in Providence, Rhode Island. Born the youngest of twelve children which consisted of six brothers and six sisters, Osborne's family was musically inclined. Some of Osborne's siblings went on to have music careers as well; his brother Billy Osborne was his band-mate in L.T.D. Osborne's father, Clarence "Legs" Osborne, was a popular trumpeter who played with Lionel Hampton, Count Basie and Duke Ellington. Osborne's father died in 1961 when Osborne was thirteen.

L.T.D.
Osborne began his music career in 1970 becoming a member of the American soul band "Love Men Ltd.", who would later become known as L.T.D. The band recorded hit singles such as "(Every Time I Turn Around) Back in Love Again" (1977), "Concentrate on You," "Love Ballad" (1976) and "Holding On (When Love Is Gone)" (1978). At first, Osborne served as only a drummer, sharing lead vocal duties with his brother Billy Osborne but, by 1976, he became the group's primary lead vocalist. Osborne and his brother both left the band in late 1980 to start solo careers. Osborne sang lead vocals on L.T.D.'s three No. 1 songs on the U.S. R&B Chart and for the band's three gold and platinum albums.

Solo career
In 1982, Osborne sang the opening song "I Just Want to Be Your Friend" for the comedy film The Toy. Osborne later released his self-titled debut album in 1982, which featured two hit singles, "On the Wings of Love" and "I Really Don't Need No Light" (1982), peaking at No. 29 and No. 39, respectively, on the pop chart. It was followed the next year by Stay with Me Tonight, his first solo gold album, which spawned four more hits, "Don't You Get So Mad" (No. 25), the title track (No. 30), "Plane Love" (No. 10 R&B, No. 6 dance), and "We're Going All the Way (No. 48). "Stay with Me Tonight" (May 1984, No. 18) and "On the Wings of Love" (August 1984, No. 11) would belatedly reach the UK Singles Chart.

In 1985, Osborne wrote the lyrics to the Whitney Houston hit "All at Once" (music by Michael Masser). He appeared on USA for Africa's fundraising single, "We Are the World" in 1985. Osborne sang the unreleased single "Everything Good Takes Time" which was part of a video tribute to Julius Erving ('Dr. J') in 1987. He would later appear on Celebrity Duets in 2006, performing "On the Wings of Love" with Alfonso Ribeiro. Osborne lent his vocals to the theme song of the soap opera, Loving, from 1992 to 1995 as well as the first-season theme song for the Kirstie Alley comedy Veronica's Closet.

Osborne had two more gold albums, Don't Stop and Emotional, the latter of which had his highest-charting solo pop hit, "You Should Be Mine", which peaked at No. 13 in 1986. The following year, Osborne had the highest-charting hit of his career duetting with Dionne Warwick on "Love Power", which reached No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and also topped the Adult Contemporary singles chart. It was a turning point in his pop success, as his albums and singles began charting lower and lower. Osborne's 1988 single "She's on the Left" would be his final Hot 100 entry, as well as his only No. 1 R&B hit.

Later career
In the new millennium, he returned with a series of albums that, while far from the success he enjoyed in the 1980s, returned him to Adult R&B radio, scoring modest chart singles such as "Rest of Our Lives" (No. 75, 2003) and his cover of Barbara Mason's classic "Yes, I'm Ready" (No. 64, 2005). In 2008, Osborne sang the national anthem before game 4 of the NBA Finals at Staples Center in Los Angeles, a feat which he repeated in 2009 before game 1 of the 2009 NBA Finals, and also again in 2010 before game 1 of the NBA Finals, all at Staples Center. He also performed the national anthem prior to game 3 of the 1988 World Series, a feat he repeated two years later at game 3 of the 1990 World Series, both at the Oakland Alameda County Coliseum in Oakland, California. He also regularly sang the national anthem before Hartford Whalers games. On March 1, 2010, Osborne appeared on The Bachelor: On the Wings of Love season finale, "After the Final Rose", singing his hit "On the Wings of Love" while Bachelor Jake Pavelka took to the dance floor with his newly announced fiancée, Vienna Girardi.

Personal life
Osborne has been married to Sheri Osborne since 1983, and together they have three daughters: Tiffany Nicole, Dawn and Jeanine Osborne; and a son, Jeffrey Jr.

Filmography

 * The Young Messiah – Messiah XXI (2006) (DVD)

In media

 * He sang with Vonda Shepard at the bar in the end of episode four ("Without A Net") of season four of the television show Ally McBeal.
 * Pam sang the first bars of "On the Wings of Love" from the album Jeffrey Osborne with Dwight's recorder accompaniment during a bird's funeral on The Office third-season episode "Grief Counseling".
 * A snippet of "On the Wings of Love" is often played on the E! show The Soup as a reccurring joke every time Joel McHale mentions the current Bachelor season; on March 5 he was nominated for one of the Soup Awards and lost to Heidi Montag; despite the loss, he sang a parody of the song.
 * Guest-starred on the Robert Townsend sitcom, The Parent 'Hood
 * Played in the 1988 TV movie, Ladykillers and was the showpiece song
 * Guest-starred on season 1 episode 17 of the TV series Cosby; he sang "You Should Be Mine (The Woo Woo Song)".
 * Sang "Far Longer than Forever" with Regina Belle in the end credits of the 1994 animated film, The Swan Princess
 * Sang the theme song for the ABC Daytime Drama Loving, from February 1992 until November 1995
 * Sang "Never Met a Woman (Like You)" in Steven Eugene Grove (saxophonist)'s aka: "Euge Groove" (2012) musical CD album House of Groove
 * Guest-starred on season 2 episode 134 and 135 of the TV series Santa Barbara; he sang "On the Wings of Love" and "Greatest Love Affair".

Awards and honors
In 2019 Osbourne was recognized with the Wheeler community Spirit Award, given to a member of the Providence, RI community who advocates for those who have fewer opportunities. Recipients are recognized for their efforts in four key areas:

 * Passion for equity and social justice, both locally and globally
 * Appreciation for and promotion of the benefits of education
 * Commitment to creating opportunities in the community for those who otherwise might not have a voice or an advocate
 * Resilience in the face of challenge and adversity. We ask each recipient to attend the annual Wheeler School Community Potluck Dinner, where the award is presented. The Family Potluck dinner is a school-wide event, sponsored by the Upper School’s diversity club Students Involved in Cultural Awareness (SICA), the Office of Unity & Diversity, and the Wheeler Parent’s Association.

Osborne received the 2014 New England Pell Award for Artistic Excellence from Providence (Rhode Island)'s Trinity Repertory Company in honor of his artistic achievements and philanthropic work in Rhode Island.

Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Osborne has received four Grammy nominations.

title: Jeffrey Osborne


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Bouse Hutton

John Bower "Bouse" Hutton (October 24, 1877 – October 27, 1962) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender who played for the Ottawa Hockey Club. Hutton also played lacrosse as a goaltender for the Ottawa Capitals, and Canadian football as a fullback for the Ottawa Rough Riders. Playing at the highest level of competition in each sport, Hutton won championships with all three teams.

After his career as a player, Hutton was an ice hockey coach in Ottawa for several years. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963.

Career
Hutton began his ice hockey career with the Ottawa Hockey Club of the Canadian Amateur Hockey League (CAHL) in the 1899 season with two appearances. The 1900 season was Hutton's first full season with Ottawa. Hutton finished the season with a 2.70 goals-against average, in a time when double-digit scores were very common. In the 1901 season, Hutton played all eight games, and continued to have a low goals-against average, of 2.50. In the 1902 season, Hutton recorded two shutouts, and finished with a 1.70 goals-against average.

In the 1903 season, his average increased to 3.80; however, in the CAHL playoffs, Hutton posted a 1–0–1 record, with one shutout and a 0.50 goals-average, while in the Stanley Cup finals, Hutton posted a 2–0 record, with a 2.00 goals-against average as Ottawa won the Stanley Cup. After the Stanley Cup win, the Ottawa Hockey Club became known as the Silver Seven, after the silver nuggets given to the players after their Stanley Cup victory by a team official who was a silver mine owner.

In the 1904 season, Hutton won all of Ottawa's four games, but the team withdrew from the CAHL mid-season before completing its eight-game schedule. Hutton appeared in Stanley Cup challenges only, posting a 6–1–1 record, with one shutout and a 2.90 goals-against average. At the end of the CAHL season, the Stanley Cup trustees ruled that Ottawa would retain the Cup.

Hutton played lacrosse during the summer months. Hutton won the first Minto Cup, then awarded to Canada's top senior men's lacrosse team, in 1901 with the Ottawa Capitals. In 1904, the club he played for was ruled to be a professional team and Hutton lost his amateur status to play ice hockey. In addition, he had a severe case of quinsy and he retired from ice hockey. After his retirement, Hutton won another Minto Cup with the Capitals in 1906. The team toured England after the win, and won 23 out of 24 games.

In 1909, Hutton returned for one more season of ice hockey with the professional Ottawa Senators of the Federal Amateur Hockey League (FAHL). He appeared in five games.

Hutton also played rugby football. In the fall of 1902, Hutton won the Canadian football championship with Ottawa Rough Riders.

title: Bouse Hutton


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Chindwin River

The Chindwin River (Chindwin Myin), also known as the Ningthi River (Ningthi Turel  ), is a river flowing entirely in Myanmar, and the largest tributary of the country's main river, the Irrawaddy. Its official name is also spelled Chindwinn.

Course
The Tanai exits the Hukawng valley through the Taron or Turong valley and through a sharp defile in the river. It then takes on the name of Chindwin, and maintains a general southerly course. It passes the town of Singkaling Hkamti on the left bank, then the town of Homalin, also on the left bank.

The river's course is generally southwesterly until the town of Mingin. It then takes a more southeasterly course entering the broad central plain, passing the city of Monywa on the left bank. Its course at this point forms the boundary between the Sagaing District of Sagaing Region and the Pakokku District of Magway Region.

It enters the Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy) at about 21.5°N, 95.25°W. The extreme outlets into the Ayeyarwady are about 22 mi apart, the interval forming a succession of long, low, partially populated islands. The lowest mouth of the Chindwin is, according to tradition, an artificial channel, cut by one of the kings of Bagan (Pagan). It was choked up for centuries until 1824 when it was opened out by an exceptional flood. Satellite pictures show this lowest channel to be the widest one today.

Discharge
Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Chindwin River at Monywa. Period from 1966/01/01 to 2023/12/31:

Tributaries

 * 1) Uyu River is the largest tributary joining the Chindwin river just below Homalin on the left. The famous jade mines at Hpakant lie in the headwaters of the Uyu.
 * 2) Myittha River drains the Kale valley and joins on the right further downstream. The town of Kalewa is on the left bank of their confluence.
 * 3) Tizu River originates from central Nagaland in northeast India. It flows through Zünheboto and Phek districts and finally joins the Chindwin river.

Towns

 * 1) Hkamti
 * 2) Htamanthi
 * 3) Homalin
 * 4) Mawlaik
 * 5) Kalewa
 * 6) Kalaymyo
 * 7) Mingin
 * 8) Monywa

Environment
Much of Chindwin's course lies within mountain ranges and forests. Due to the difficulty of access, much of it remains unspoilt. The government of Burma recently created a very large (2,500 square mile) sanctuary for the endangered tiger within the Hukawng Valley.

History
The mountain ranges to the west of the Chindwin are formidable, yet not totally impregnable to armies. The Kabaw valley saw many an invasion by the kingdom of Manipur to the west, most notably during the reign of King Garibaniwaj (1709–1748) when his army crossed over the Chindwin and the Mu, took Myedu, and reached as far as Sagaing opposite the capital Ava. The tables were turned in 1758 after King Alaungpaya ascended the Burmese throne. The Burmese army invaded and occupied Manipur and Assam marching across the western mountain ranges, and even encroached upon British India.

During World War II, when the Japanese had cut off sea access, the British army and other allied forces under General Joseph Stilwell retreated on foot to India across the same mountains, with disastrous results, mainly due to disease and hunger. The Ledo Road was built across the Hukawng valley to supply China. The Chindwin was a major barrier both for the Japanese trying to invade India and for the Allied forces to reoccupy Burma.

Ethnography and culture
The chindwin river has a great impact on the culture of western Burma. Central Sino-Tibetan languages originated from valley areas of this river.

Economics
The Chindwin is served by regular river-going vessels up to the town of Homalin. Teak forests within its drainage area have been a valuable resource since ancient times. The Hukawng Valley is known for its abundance of Burmese amber. Along the river, there are deposits of jade, but Hpakant in the headwaters of the Uyu river is the only place in the world where the finest jade - known as jadeite or imperial jade - is found, along with an abundance of fish.

title: Chindwin River


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Joe Borowski (baseball)

Joseph Thomas Borowski (born May 4, 1971) is a sports broadcaster for the Arizona Diamondbacks, as well as a former professional baseball right-handed relief pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball for the Baltimore Orioles, Atlanta Braves, New York Yankees, Chicago Cubs, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Florida Marlins, and Cleveland Indians.

High school career
Borowski grew up in Bayonne, New Jersey, attended Marist High School and was an All-America selection in both football and baseball and a two-time All-State selection in both sports. He attended Rutgers University in New Jersey.

Major League Baseball career
Borowski was drafted in the 32nd round (823rd overall) of the 1989 Major League Baseball draft by the Chicago White Sox. On March 31, 1991, he was traded to the Baltimore Orioles in exchange for Pete Rose Jr. Borowski made his major league debut for the Orioles on July 9, 1995, against his former team, the White Sox. He tossed a scoreless ninth inning to close out an 11–2 Orioles win. Borowski made six appearances for the Orioles in 1995, recording a 1.23 ERA.

On December 17, 1995, Borowski was traded to the Atlanta Braves along with pitcher Chaad Stewart in exchange for starting pitcher Kent Mercker. In Atlanta, Borowski split time between the majors and the Triple-A Richmond Braves. He was later claimed off waivers by the New York Yankees on September 15, 1997. He made one appearance for the Yankees that season on September 18 against the Detroit Tigers, recording the loss after allowing two earned runs and walking four batters in two innings in a 9–7, 11-inning loss. In 1998, Borowski made eight appearances with the Yankees, going 1–0 with a 6.52 ERA.

Borowski spent the 1999 season in the Milwaukee Brewers organization, going 6–2 with four saves and a 5.46 ERA in 58 games for the Triple-A Louisville RiverBats. On November 9, 1999, he signed with the Cincinnati Reds, but was later released on March 21, 2000. Borowski then spent the 2000 season pitching in the Mexican League for the Monterrey Sultanes and in the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball for the Newark Bears.

On December 11, 2000, Borowski signed with the Chicago Cubs. Before his second year with the Cubs in 2002, Borowski had never appeared in more than 25 games, but when given a chance to appear frequently he did very well. Between his stints with the Yankees and Cubs, he worked as a fireman. In 2002, he went 4–4 with two saves and a 2.73 ERA in 73 games of relief. The next year, he was converted to the closer role for the Cubs and was exceptional, going 2–2 with a 2.63 ERA and recording 33 saves in 37 opportunities, helping the Cubs win their division and reach the NLCS before being eliminated by the eventual World Series champion Florida Marlins. In 2004, Borowski started the season poorly, going 2–4 with an 8.02 ERA in 22 games and recording nine saves in 11 opportunities. In June, it was announced that he had suffered a partial tear in his right rotator cuff, which later ended his season. During spring training in 2005, Borowski broke his wrist on a come-backer lined directly at him. After missing seven weeks, he returned to the Cubs on May 20. He did not have his old closer job back, though, as Ryan Dempster had emerged as the club's new closer. On June 29, 2005, Borowski was designated for assignment by the Cubs, and he was subsequently released. At the time, he had posted a 6.55 ERA in 11 relief appearances.

On July 11, 2005, Borowski signed with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, who used him as a set-up man to closer Danys Báez. While with the Devil Rays, Borowski went on a tear, pitching a franchise record 21 scoreless innings, and is seen by many as the catalyst for the Devil Rays' second half turnaround, as his inspired performance helped stabilize the Rays' otherwise shaky bullpen. However, in his last 14 appearances, he gave up 15 runs, raising his ERA from 2.25 to 4.47. Borowski was designated for assignment by the Devil Rays in early December, and then non-tendered by the team on December 22.

On December 29, 2005, Borowski signed a one-year deal with the Florida Marlins. He spent the season as the Marlins' closer, going 3–3 with a 3.75 ERA in 72 relief appearances while converting 36 out of 43 save opportunities. After the season, Borowski agreed to a multi-year contract with the Philadelphia Phillies, but the deal later fell apart after concerns over the status of his right shoulder.

On December 6, 2006, Borowski signed a one-year, $4.25 million contract with the Cleveland Indians that included a club option for 2008. The signing of Borowski filled the vacant closer role for Cleveland. During the 2007 season, Borowski got off to a slow start as closer for the Indians, posting an earned run average of 13.50 in his first seven outings. His struggles were capped off after surrendering six runs to the New York Yankees on April 19, 2007, in the ninth inning after coming into the game with a four-run lead. Borowski was not charged with a blown save in this outing, since a three-run lead or smaller is required for a pitcher to earn the save. He finished the season 4–5 and led the American League with 45 saves in 69 relief appearances, but had an ERA of 5.07, which was the highest ever for a closer with 40 or more saves.

On November 6, 2007, the Indians exercised Borowski's $4 million club option, opting to bring him back in 2008. Had the team declined Borowski's option, he would have been paid a $250,000 buyout.

In 2008, Borowski got off to a bad start to the season. Putting up an 18.00 ERA with two blown saves through five appearances, he averaged a walk, two hits, and two runs per appearance. Following another dreadful appearance in which he gave up three earned runs in $2/3$ inning on April 14, the Indians put him on the 15-day disabled list with a strained triceps.

Borowski was designated for assignment by the Indians on July 4, and released on July 10, 2008.

On February 24, 2009, Borowski announced his retirement.

Personal life
Borowski currently resides in Scottsdale, Arizona, with his wife Tatum and two sons Blaze and Ty.

He accepted an award in 2004 from the Polish American Police Association as a distinguished Polish-American.

title: Joe Borowski (baseball)


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Mandoca

A mandoca is a Venezuelan deep fried cornmeal ring that is usually eaten with butter, cheese and coffee while still hot. It is usually served at breakfast, and it is most popular in Zulia state of the country. The mandoca is one of a variety of specialties exclusively created in the western state of Zulia.

Though their relevance has been shaded by the new transnational tendencies because its creation was not intended for massive consumption or for marketing, it remains a basic and important part of the culinary culture of Zulia. It is made of corn meal, water, salt, grated "queso blanco" (hard, salty, white cheese), sugar or panela (jaggery, used in most traditional recipes), and very ripe plantain.

title: Mandoca