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Talk:Goa'uld

Ra and the goa'uld
One possible way to reconcile the inconsistency between Ra in the movie and the Goa'uld in the series is in the translation of the name Goa'uld - "Children of the Gods". The Goa'uld could have been created by Ra or his people, as a means of carrying on their culture, even though they were dying as a species.

BTW, please excuse my ignorance if I have started this Talk Page incorrectly - I'm a bit new here :) Riggermantis 17:40, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You did fine. :) It's an interesting theory, but I don't think it'd fit in on the article itself unless some notable figure in the Stargate community (people working on the series for example) were to discuss it in some verifiable manner. Wikipedia's got a policy called No original research that frowns upon us coming up with new things ourselves. Also, this theory raises some questions about the fossil Goa'uld that were discovered on P3X-888, which I recall were described as being a little more primitive than "modern" Goa'uld. If the Goa'uld evolved naturally in the wild then what was Ra's involvement? Bryan 23:13, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I kinda forgot about the "no original research" thing, lol. And it's been a while since I saw the episode dealing with P3X-888. Riggermantis 05:18, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I always assumed the name was invented as a putative root for "ghoul". And that the "children" in the pilot are the barely-mature Goa'uld being implanted in Skaara, et al.
 * —wwoods 01:06, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm. But then, it also sounds like god and gold. LD 21:25, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

The Goa'uld were a dying race at the time that Ra discovered Earth. That was a long time ago and has nothing to do with the modern day. HotOne121 (talk) 01:26, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

This is actually a pretty good theory. It sure is a helluva lot better than the whole "oh-Ra-wasn't-the-last-surviving-member-of-an-extinct-humanoid-species-but-one-of-billions-of-glorified-tapeworms" thing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by HypertimeTraveller (talk • contribs) 16:20, 11 July 2010 (UTC) But uh, when SG-1 goes off to one of those planets in S4 or 5, they find the place where the Goa'ulds came from. Maybe they were dying on a planet they moved to AFTER they took over the unas, but, eh, I don't know. In the original movie, it's IMPLIED that Ra is from a dying race, but not stated. 60.241.224.44 (talk) 05:02, 22 April 2013 (UTC)

Goa'uld Language should have its own page as it is much too large for this article. --Zippanova 20:29, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

POV?
By the way, isn't "Most Goa'uld are evil, egocentric megalomaniacs who pose as Lords or Gods to control armies." blatantly POV? After all, one man's 'evil, egocentric megalomaniacal blasphemous parasite' is another man's 'freedom-fighter'. —wwoods 01:21, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Speaking as one who campaigned against the phrase "the evil Decepticons", I have to agree. I'll edit it to specify which people consider them "evil" - those who worship them presumably don't, for the most part. Bryan 03:56, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

De-wiki the table
Would anyone mind if I de-wiki the table on this page. Currently it is a mess.

Lady Aleena | Talk 05:11, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * de wiki? --  Alfakim  --  talk   06:25, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think she means either turning it into HTML (so some sort of HTML-tidy program could be run on it maybe?) or turning it into a plain old list. Not sure how well either of those would work, might be better to just fix the current code. Bryan 06:43, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I was thinking of making the table all HTML instead of wikicode. HTML is a lot easier to format. One can control things better with HTML than with wikicode, in my opinion.

 * Well, I've literally spent years converting HTML tables into wikicode throughout Wikipedia, so I think it's safe to say that I'd disagree with this. :) Bryan 08:05, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Considering it takes up half the article currently, I'm going to split it off into List of Goa'uld. That'll make it easier to fiddle around with without breaking anything important. Bryan 06:43, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Parasitism vs. Symbiosis
Sometimes the distinction between parastism and symbiosis is blurry. The Goa'uld do provide some very significant symbiotic benefits - long life and health for example. The "only" parasitic aspect is that they enslave you - of course, it's a big "only". If they took over creatures that were not intelligent, we might not consider it so parasitic. Some human servants of the Goa'uld, particularly servants of system lords, have shown eagerness to become hosts, despite presumably knowing what life would be like for them. Presumably, the semi-vicarious lifestyle holds appeal.--RLent 18:24, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The Goa'uld are considered parasites because they override the hosts mind in control. For most freed hosts, they basically said it was a living hell and prison. This is opposed to the Tok'ra, which are true, non parasitic symbiotes. Goa'uld are also considered cultural and technical parasites, as that, unlike the other races including the Tok'ra, who develop a majority of their own techonolgy, the Goa'uld primarily steal technology. 71.36.204.207 (talk) 22:46, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

Contradictions

 * In the first paragraph it states " "Goa'uld" means "God" in the Goa'uld language."
 * And then later it states "In fact, the term Goa'uld means "Children of the Gods"."
 * Surely they can't both be right?

 * Now in the following section first it states as fact that the Goa'uld took the names of Earth Gods, and then it later says that there is a debate about this, (which of course there is). You can't state one theory is true and then say the alternative theory is just as likely, it needs to be reworded.

 * "Most Goa'uld like to take the name of a classical god from Earth, especially those of ancient Egypt, but not the Norse or Aztec gods (whose identities were assumed by other alien races), nor has any known Goa'uld ever used a name from the Judeo-Christian or Muslim faiths, though one (Sokar) pretended to be Satan to a group of medieval Christians. In fact, the term Goa'uld means "Children of the Gods". There is still debate as to whether the Goa'uld assumed the names of Egyptian gods already in existence or whether Egyptian mythology stems from the Goa'uld's one-time domination of (ancient) Earth."
 * --Hibernian 02:02, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Goa'uld means God. the other translation is incorrect. --  Alfakim  --  talk   23:36, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * You sure? Got a source? Or is that just speculation, and perhaps we don't know what the name really means (I suspect the writers didn't have any intended meaning, just made something up that sounds "wicked", but that is also just speculation as well). 74.38.32.128 02:00, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Of course I don't have a source... but I distinctly remember Daniel Jackson stating that "Goa'uld" meanns "God." The term "children of the gods" would refer to the Tau'ri, Jaffa, etc. The same way that the Christian Bible refers to humans as "children of God." —Preceding unsigned comment added by HotOne121 (talk • contribs) 01:20, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

 * i'm not sure if this is a concern for this page or the others i'm about to mention... but i submit for your consideration that in the "characteristics" section, it is stated that "No known Goa'uld has ever used a name from the Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam". however, in the specific article for Ba'al, it says he's based on Baal (of the Canaanite religion, granted)...and then that link for Baal says it's from Judaism. and includes the line "Baal is sometimes seen as a demon in Christianity." yeah, that was a long way to go, but it's still a bit off..
 * --Heterodoxus (talk) 02:05, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

I'm no expert by any means but I would not say Baal is "from Judaism." I would agree slightly more with the "demon in Chrisianity" line. In the Old Testament Baal was a false god. People that worshipped him often faught with the Jews and many Jews often fell from grace and worshipped Baal. Baal doesn't really have anything to do with the Abrahamic religions except for the fact that he was a "rival" god at one time. HotOne121 (talk) 03:56, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

new image
Not sure it is a copy vio. Could someone check on it? Thanks :) Dlohcierekim 15:04, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

also poor quality--too dark

pic
someone changed the pic of the Symbiote to a pic of Tanith. well i dont mind if it isnt changed back, but this article DOES need a pic of the actual goa'uld species in its actual form. so the pic should be reinserted somewhere. --  Alfakim  --  talk   23:38, 20 May 2006 (UTC)
 * It was changed by a new contributor. I'm not usre of his judgment. I think it's a copyvio, but I'm bnot sure. :) Dlohcierekim 00:29, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

 * 'twasnt a copyvio, but it probably needed fair use tagging. i'd like to see that image back again, but i cant find its path anymore. --  Alfakim  --  talk   16:17, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Goa'uld insignia
Anyone know of a website correlating Goa'uld to the insignia that their jaffa wear? For example, Teal'C's insignia (or "brand" or whatever) signifies that he was in the service of Apophis. What about the other insignia? TerraFrost 09:02, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes. See Talk:System Lord-- Alfakim -- talk  14:29, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Any reason those icons can't be added to their respective Stargate character templates? TerraFrost 08:36, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

Pronunciation of Goa'uld
I'll readily agree with anyone who says that the common pronunciations of "GOOLD", and "go-OOLD" is mispronouncing the word, but the pronunciation listed in IPA: [ˈgoʊ˘uːld] is not entirely accurate either. From the correct pronunciations that I have heard, the ' in fact stands for a glottal stop, which would make it consistent with Arabic transliterations. (How one would resolve this with the name "Teal'c", you got me, my best guess is that who ever was making up the names, wasn't a linguist.)

From what I hear, the most accurate pronunciation would be: [ˈgoɑ.ʔuːld]. --Puellanivis 22:35, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * That seems correct! Though not everyone pronounces the glottal stop. Here's a clip with it: Tanith: "I am the Goa'uld" (S4E4 Crossroads). And two clips without: Teal'c and Daniel. My only other quibble is that it sounds like Daniel stresses the second syllable while the other two don't really stress any of them, so I'd transcribe it as, but I'm not a linguist.
 * For "Teal'c", that could make sense, couldn't it? ? Although he doesn't pronounce it that way. It could be just an orthographic leftover like the silent b in lamb, which was pronounced in Old English.— W.andrea (talk) 05:20, 26 November 2021 (UTC)
 * For "Teal'c", that could make sense, couldn't it? ? Although he doesn't pronounce it that way. It could be just an orthographic leftover like the silent b in lamb, which was pronounced in Old English.— W.andrea (talk) 05:20, 26 November 2021 (UTC)

How long do they live ?
I know in the series the lived for a very long time but do they eventually die from old age ? (Gnevin 17:51, 20 August 2006 (UTC))

We've never seen a Goa'uld die of anything that could be termed natural causes, always killed by a variety of means and enemies, so their actual age-limit is completely unknown. However, it is likely that there is a cap to their regenerative abilities, even with the support of the various healing devices they possess, because Yu was seen growing senile (for lack of a better word) towards the end of his life. Though never explicitly proven to be a result of the natural progression of his life, various characters within the show hypothesized that it might be because of his extreme age (He was the oldest living Goa'uld at the time). If there truly is an age limit, it's at least 10,000 years (Please note that this involves frequent check-ups with the aforementioned healing technologies). JBK405 02:43, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Contrary to that, at least one symbiote died of natural causes. Selmak. We can't say that they live forever. In fact, I doubt they would last very long without a host or stasis unit (We've seen symbiotes die from exposure in a matter of minutes. I'm sure that the sarcophagi not only regenerate the host, but the symbiotes as well. I'm more inclined to believe that, with consistent host shifts every 190-200 years, the symbiotes can live naturally for around 2000-3000 years. I say this because Selmak, was the last surviving of the Tok'ra born of the progenitor symbiote, Egeria. Given that Selmak is the last of the first, and Egeria was lost around 2000 years before present, it's probably best to say that 2000-3000 is the natural limit of a symbiote with host.71.36.204.207 (talk) 23:01, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Ra was 10,000 years old... He took his host in 8000BC in the Stargate movie. Itchy Flea (talk) 07:20, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

Glowing Eyes
Has it ever been explained why/how the host's eyes sometimes glow? --Dr Archeville 23:58, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

 * In or out of universe? JoshuaZ 00:00, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Either. (Other than "Because it's a cool-looking visual effect that the audience can 'ooh' and 'aah' over," of course.)  No one's ever said (on the show, comics, novels, or RPGs) something along the lines of "the Naqahdah in Goa'uld's body combines with certain proteins in the sclera of the host's eye and adrenaline released during periods of agitation to create a photonic effect," correct?  --Dr Archeville 04:55, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

The "why" is that the eyes glow whenever the Goa'uld are feeling extreme emotion, or want to display extreme emotion, though they can suppress the glow if they want to (Such as when they're posing as a non-Goa'uld). However, exactly how it happens has never been discussed (At least, I don't think it has). JBK405 02:23, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd say that's more of a "when," but that's just me ;-)  --Dr Archeville 04:55, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Good point. The why, in that case, is that they want to appear superhuman and deific. JBK405 22:09, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Argument of the physical strength of a Goa'uld Host
Through the entirety of the show, We have been told of the increased physical strength of a Goa'uld Host and many times, it has been explained as being something that is greater than the average Human. Well, how much greater? There has been occassions, where we have seen how strong they are, but in terms of superhuman strength and such, they do not appear to be in possession of such a level of strength. They have been seen, knocking over a full-grown human, but no further back than 5 feet at the most; been seen breaking through a pair of plastic binding cuffs; choking a doctor, before brutually breaking his neck( a la Major Kawalski), and occassionally lifting and throwing someone a small ways, away from them. the Ashrak, was show to be able to knock aggressors around like bean bags, and do enough damage with a knife, to make most foresnic experts cringe at the sight and details.

By definition, how is this superhuman strength? Granted, they are stronger than the average Human, due to the control the Goa'uld symbiote, has over the muscles and muscular contractions, and whatnot, giving the Host improved strength and whatnot. They seem to lead us on, trying to make us think, that because of the control of the Symbiote, that the Host is now faster, stronger and much more tougher than the average Human. I mean, come on; the Wraith, are much more stronger, faster, and tougher than the Goauld.

We've seen a Wraith leap upwards to impressive heights, and survive falls of the same distances; knock people around as if they were paper dolls; move so quick, that the dots representing them on a tracking screen, appeared in one spot for a second, before appearing on another part of the screen, a great distance away; seconds later, and we've seen them take a full clip of a P90 and then some, to the chest and torso, without crumpling over; only to recover seconds later, ready to rip you another hole.

So, seriously; is the physical strength of a Goa'uld,along with other supposed other greater physical improvements; that much above Humans, for it to be considered superhuman? I have yet to see a Goa'uld punch through a solid wall; move fast that the heroes have a hard time keeping track, and leap upwards and in any directions far beyond Human capability, and survive long falls, and land on their feet. if this has happened, i must of missed, because that would be something, that would convince me otherwise, of how much stronger a Goa'uld Host, is; in comparison to the average and not-so average Tau'ri.

celestialphoenixreborn

 * Uhh.....what does that have to do with this article? What you have posted is a whole mess of original research, none of which can be included in the article per Wikipedia policy.  That post would be better suited for Gateworld Forums, as the talk page is not the place to discuss the show in that fashion. Gamer83 13:24, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Well, then; why does this discussion section of the article, make mention of how long a Goa'uld can live in a host body? Shouldn't something like that be in the Gateworld Forums as well? plus, isn't a whole lot of what is posted on wikipedia, original research? I mean it would be both biased and foolish to assume that none of the material presented on here, is original research. Just making an observation. Besides, isn't that what the dicussion section of the wikipedia articles is for; to debate over the discrepancies and veracity of certain claims? celestialphoenixreborn

It has been stated in the show that the Goa'uld bestow increased physical strength to their hosts, therefore that is what is in the article. It is not up to you, me, or anyone else to analyize the show and attempt to enter original research into the article. Here is the policy stating just that for your reference No original research. Also talkpages are not for chat to discuss original research, just because some people above misused this page deosn't mean it is ok for you to now do it as well, Talk page guidelines. Gamer83 18:58, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Regardless of the OR nature, the argument is for saying that Goa'uld do not have "superhuman" strength. "Super" comes from Latin for "above", and human, we already know.  Do Goa'uld have superhuman strength?  If they have strength anywhere above what the host originally had without the host, then it's superhuman strength.  Just because there are stronger or more powerful aliens out there does not change the fact that Goa'uld are stronger than humans, and thus have superhuman strength. Any other definition of "superhuman strength" would require subjective attitudes to be introduced, and thus cannot be considered.  If you want to add something to the article saying something along the lines of "Despite the Goa'uld giving superior strength, speed and survivability to the host, there are other aliens out there that are stronger."  Well, that's just plainly appartent, and not really necessary to the article either. --Puellanivis 19:36, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

I agree with everything you said Puellanivis. The only reason I didn't enter an argument like yours to begin with is because his argument is only supported by his own personal, subjeective, original reseaerch; and thus was invalid from the start. Gamer83 19:52, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Its funny that you feel my argument is personal and subjective. I could devel into the whole deal about how any inquiry we as Humans do, is subjective, despite our stance towards objectivity; but that would be a waste. Besides, if wikipedia was so adamant, about not including anything that was considered to be original research; why make the format so accessible, that it allows for anybody and everybody, to edit and change the contain, given within any article avaialable to the site?

If original research is so inherently detrimental, why allow for anybody and everybody to have access to the site? If objectivity, true objectivity, is attainable, in any given field of research; then wikipedia should be made access to those, who can prove their claims to objectivity, and have them write all the articles, instead of having subjective individuals, like me; have any say in what is written within a given article. But, hey that's just me. Besides, there a thousands upon thousands of entries on wikipedia; that include personal research, I don't see anybody bothering them about their entries or their methods of inquiry, etc., etc.

In the end, I'm gonna drop this conversation, because I don't know how certain people are gonna react to what is said and whatnot, and I enjoy wikipedia too much, to be barred access to it, just because of how certain people(not pointing fingers; could be anyone)are gonna react to my statements, and act as if I'm trying to start fights on a website, which would be rather stupid, since threats over the internet, are pointless; like any act of aggression made over the interent.

celestialphoenixreborn

Dude, this isn't a philosophy class. Your entire argument makes no sense. You’re basically saying " I saw a bank robbery yesterday, therefore it must be ok for me to rob a bank as well". All of your superfluous Red Herrings are meaningless. Wikipedia has policies and we must all adhere to them, regardless of how you philosophically feel about them. Gamer83 21:12, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Description as a Species
I remember in one episode that supposedly Egeria was the "queen", in a hive-sense, of the Goa'uld and Tok'ra species, correct? Is there an exact name for this type of species that is defined by its serpent-like appearnce? I think it would be worthy to mention that in explaining the origins of the Goa'uld and Tok'ra sense they're really one and the same.--Waxsin (talk) 22:08, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Goa'uld in water.jpg
Image:Goa'uld in water.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 17:41, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Key episodes
The key episode was not the movie, but the pilot of the series. In the movie there were no Goa'uld (it was not said, what the god Ra really is). Anyone of the same opinion? So we should change this in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.184.196.50 (talk) 18:06, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

Merger of Goa'uld Language
The Goa'uld language is a pretty non-notable language, even if it is part of a notable show. I am unaware of any reliable print sources, and I only remember that Peter DeLuise said in one of the audio commentaries that he is the one who made it all up, and that he's got a list of the lanugage in his drawer (this may be a false memory). Since Wikipedia is not a dictionary, and since I couldn't find a wiki page listing e.g. all Klingon words, I am pretty sure the lower part of Goa'uld language should be removed entirely. I am unsure about the upper part, so instead of taking this to AfD, I propose to merge the rest of the article into Goa'uld and wait until someone else cleans up this article. The other option is to take Goa'uld language to AfD nevertheless. Comments or corrections before I go ahead with the merger? – sgeureka t•c 15:25, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I merged the upper part of the language article, and marked it as possible original research. It will need sorting through and trimming in the future. The dictionary part is still available in the page history, so if someone wants to move it to Stargate, he is free to do so. – sgeureka t•c 11:10, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Any idea why there are apostrophes in all the Goa'uld words? They aren't voiced at all so what do they represent? 86.182.222.246 (talk) 20:22, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

Ahem? The masks?
In the movie it is shown to be very obvious that Ra and his "assistants (be they humans or minor Goa'uld)" are believed to be gods by the abydonians due to their mask/helmets (e.g. Daniel's "look upon your gods" scene, and the way that Ra wore his mask in the execution scene. Not to mention Ra clearly wearing his mask on one of the wall paintings, ect. Shouldn't this be mentioned in the article? --[[User:Tutthoth-Ankhre|Tutthoth-Ankhre~ The Pharaoh of the Universe]] (talk) 02:02, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

Asgard and Nox dominant species in the Galaxy?
"They are one of the dominant species in our galaxy with the Nox and the Asgards among others.".. I'm not sure if you can call them dominant in our Galaxy. As far as we know the Nox are not well known in the Galaxy and only occupy one planet, and the Asgard are in a different Galaxy entirely. Would anyone mind if I got rid of this bit? Jedi Master Bra'tac (talk) 23:48, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

 * I have removed this bit as it is incorrect. The Nox control only one planet that we know of, and the Asgard are in the Ida galaxy. Itchy Flea (talk) 09:17, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

Protected Planets Treaty
At what point does this get proven: "One of the main strategies of the Tok'ra is to play the System Lords against one another, so that no single one of them becomes too powerful to topple.[33] They are responsible for enforcing the Protected Planets Treaty amongst the Goa'uld of the galaxy.[16]" I do not recall the episode mentioned as citation mentioning that the Tok'ra enforce the protected planets treaty. I will watch this episode to see if and when this is mentioned, and if it is not mentioned, I will removed this section of text for being unreliable. Itchy Flea (talk) 09:21, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

Removing Goa'uld from hosts
I removed the line " It has been shown that the Tollan have a means to remove the symbiote allowing both the symbiote and host to live." as this is incorrect, in the episode referenced the Tollan asked the Tok'Ra to remove the symbiote and did not do it for themselves. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bertcocaine (talk • contribs) 18:21, 29 September 2018 (UTC)

Goa'uld Meaning
It means "Butt-Wool"

"Goa" means buttocks in Tabaru.

"Uld" means wool in Danish.

Wool around the butt of a sheep attracts PARASITIC flies like the botfly, blowfly, and screw fly to lay eggs and infect that area with their larvae. Otherwise known as flystrike or myiasis.

The "Goa'uld" are a PARASITES!

So beware of those with wooly butts...

"Butt Wool" is a fitting name for an antagonist with the "cheeky" humor we know exists in the show. 98.11.50.184 (talk) 21:44, 19 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Goa'uld


text: Talk:Kingsley Shacklebolt

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Kingsley Shacklebolt


text: User talk:82.42.129.81

title: User talk:82.42.129.81


text:
Lyon Anglican Church

The Lyon Anglican Church (now known as Trinity Church Lyon) is a church of the Anglican Archdeaconry of France, part of the Diocese of Europe and is run by the Intercontinental Church Society.

English-language church services were first held in Lyon by a Rev. McDermott as early as 1843. Then, in 1853 Rev. E.L. Ward was appointed as chaplain. The first Confirmation Service took place in 1863. In the early days, the congregation shared a Chapel in the Cordeliers area of the city with Lyon's German-speaking Protestant congregation which later became the Lutheran Church and French-speaking.

On 18 February 1873 Holy Trinity, on the quays of the river Rhône was consecrated for use as a church building. Services were held here until 19 May 1969, when the building was sold and later demolished, although some wooden crosses - one of which now serves as the central Cross in the Chapel - were made from the old pews. In a return to its origins, Lyon Anglican Church became known as Trinity Church Lyon in September 2017.

Services were then held at the Centre St. Irénée, Place Gailleton, until December 1978 and then at Mains Ouvertes, Part Dieu, from January 1979 to December 1995. The first service at the next location in rue de Créqui was held on 10 December 1995. Services were held in the chapel of the Couvent de l'Adoration Réparatrice, 131 boulevard Yves Farges from December 2007. Starting in October 2018, Sunday services were held at Notre Dame de Lourdes, 63 rue des Essarts, 69500 Bron. In November 2021, the church moved to the Eglise protestante unie de France (United Protestant Church of France) premises at 50 rue Bancel, Lyon 69007.

The current full-time chaplain is Ben Harding.

title: Lyon Anglican Church


text:
Larry Butler (producer)

Larry Butler (March 26, 1942 – January 20, 2012) was a country music producer/songwriter. From the mid-1970s through the 1980s, he worked with Kenny Rogers. Many of his albums with Rogers went either gold or platinum and accumulated many millions of sales around the world. These albums include Kenny Rogers (1976), The Gambler (1978), Gideon (1980) and I Prefer The Moonlight (1987). Rogers and Butler maintained a friendship outside of show business. Butler also produced Rogers' 1993 album If Only My Heart Had A Voice. He also participated in Rogers 2006 retrospective DVD The Journey.

Butler is the only Nashville producer to win the Grammy Award for Producer of the year.

Butler replaced Jimmy Johnson who played trumpet and keyboards as a founding member of the Gentrys. Johnson played the famous organ part on “Keep On Dancing” but he departed to start college in 1965 when Butler replaced him.

Career
Born in Pensacola, Florida, Butler began his career at the age of six with the Harry James Orchestra; at age ten he sang with Red Foley, and before he was old enough to drive he had hosted his own radio show and played piano on The Lynn Toney Show, a live television show in his market. He eventually joined a Florida band, Jerry Woodward and the Esquires. While on a trip to Nashville, he met a noted publisher/producer, Buddy Killen of Tree International. In 1963, with Killen's encouragement, Butler moved to Nashville with only a few dollars in his pocket. Soon his unique style of piano playing supported such hits as "Hello Darlin" by Conway Twitty and "Honey" by Bobby Goldsboro. Butler was in high demand as a Nashville session player and backed up Nashville celebrities such as Johnny Cash, Roger Miller, George Jones, Tammy Wynette, Loretta Lynn, Dolly Parton, Bobby Goldsboro, Jerry Lee Lewis, Charlie Rich, Lynn Anderson and more.

Moving to Memphis in the late 1960s, Butler hooked-up with Chips Moman. Butler played keyboards in the rock group Ronny and the Daytonas, who had a hit song with "GTO". Later, as a member of The Gentrys, they hit the pop charts with "Keep on Dancing" and "Every Day I Have to Cry Some". During that same period, Butler co-wrote the Poppies hit single "Lullaby Of Love". He was signed as a solo artist and served as Bobby Goldsboro's pianist and music director.

Butler returned to Nashville to join Capitol Records as an in-house producer. The first single he produced, "Seven Lonely Days", became a Billboard Top-20 Country single for Jean Shepard in 1969. Moving on to CBS Records at the urging of legendary producer Billy Sherrill, Butler worked closely with Johnny Cash producing some of "the man in black"'s biggest hits in the 1970s. So successful was the partnership that Butler became Cash's producer, pianist, musical director and studio manager. He even was given a solo track (a piano instrumental) on the album The Johnny Cash Family Christmas in 1972.

In 1973, Butler made one of his most significant career moves by joining United Artists Records as head of the label's Nashville division. His leadership and vision brought in such acts as Kenny Rogers, Crystal Gayle, Dottie West and The Kendalls and established the label as one of the most successful and respected in Nashville.

Butler teamed again with Chips Moman and penned the number 1 hit "(Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song". Topping the charts for both Pop and Country, the song became one of B. J. Thomas' greatest career hits. It was a BMI 3 million performance song and earned Butler a Grammy for Song of the Year.

Eventually Butler left UA and started his own independent company, Larry Butler Productions. His acts included

 * Charlie Rich ("You're Gonna Love Yourself in the Morning")
 * Mac Davis ("It's Hard to Be Humble")
 * Debby Boone ("Are You on the Road to Loving Me Again")
 * Billie Jo Spears ("Blanket on the Ground")
 * Don McLean ("Crying")
 * John Denver ("Some Days Are Diamonds")

Butler's biggest success was producing Kenny Rogers. Their studio collaboration yielded many of Kenny's greatest hits including,

 * "Lucille" (1977)
 * "Love or Something Like It" (1978)
 * "The Gambler" (1978)
 * "She Believes in Me" (1979)
 * "You Decorated My Life" (1979)
 * "Coward of the County" (1979)

Butler was also behind teaming Kenny and Dottie West to record the duets "Everytime Two Fools Collide" and "'Til I Make It On My Own". Butler also worked with Kenny and Kim Carnes on their smash hit "Don't Fall in Love with a Dreamer".

1980 brought Butler to the spotlight again with his Grammy for Producer of the Year and solidified his reputation as a hit maker. Tammy Wynette cut Butler's "Only The Strong Will Survive" while Billie Joe Spears cut " Standing Tall" which was also released by Lorrie Morgan in 1996. Butler writing credits include songs for Tree, United Artists music, April Blackwood, Great Cumberland, EMI and, most recently, his own Larry Butler Music.

1984 was the year Butler formed his music publishing companies, Larry Butler Music Group, Inc. He signed writers Mickey Newbury, Dean Dillon, Bud McGuire, Paul Nelson, Marty Raybon, Julie Didier, Larry Jon Wilson, and Bob Melton. CBS Songs administered his catalog. Butler's new group quickly produced a string of hits for George Strait including "The Chair", "Ocean Front Property" and "It Ain't Cool". Also "Shine, Shine, Shine" for Eddy Raven, "Miami My Amy" for Keith Whitley, "The Factory" for Kenny Rogers, "I Just Called To Say Goodbye Again" for Larry Boone and "One Man Band" for Moe Bandy. LBMG produced additional songs for Vern Gosdin, Alabama, Shenandoah, Razzy Bailey, T. G. Sheppard, Tracy Lawrence and more. And, Butler wrote "Wonder What You'll Do When I'm Gone" for Waylon Jennings, putting the company on the map. During a period of two years LBMG produced five Number Ones, eight Top Tens and numerous Top Forty chart records and album cuts.

Butler died in his sleep in Pensacola, Florida on January 20, 2012. Before passing away he collaborated with musician and songwriter Dave Goodenough to co-write a book titled "Just for the Record." It contains many of Butler's humorous anecdotes from the music industry and a plethora of advice for those aspiring to succeed in the various aspects of the music business, as well as life in general. It includes contributions from many of the top people in the music business, along with a foreword by Kenny Rogers. The book was published in November 2012.

Awards

 * 1976: Grammy Award for Best Country Song for "(Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song" by B.J. Thomas
 * 1980: Grammy Award for Producer of the Year

title: Larry Butler (producer)


text:
Nothing Is Sound

Nothing Is Sound is the fifth studio album by American alternative rock band Switchfoot. It was released on September 13, 2005 and debuted at number three on the Billboard 200. The first single from the album was "Stars," which was the number one most-added song on Modern Rock Radio and received much airplay on alternative rock stations upon release. A second single, "We Are One Tonight," was released in early 2006, though it did not enjoy much success on the Billboard charts.

The album was marred by major controversy over the inclusion of XCP copy protection distributed on all copies of the disc. This led to bassist Tim Foreman posting a detailed work-around on the band's website (which was promptly removed by Columbia Records). Nothing Is Sound was at the forefront of the Sony BMG CD copy prevention scandal, which eventually led to the recall of all CDs that contained the protection.

Recording history
After the large success of Switchfoot's previous record, The Beautiful Letdown, the band found itself constantly touring and were forced to work on most of the new record while on the road. As a result, many of the songs on Nothing Is Sound made their public debuts at various shows on the tours. Every night on tour, the band would write parts to new songs, and test them out during the shows."There's nothing like playing a new song in front of real people with real opinions. The people at those shows, (the extended Switchfoot family), they shaped this song as much as anyone," lead singer Jon Foreman said.

Music and lyrical themes
Nothing Is Sound is characterized as being a much "darker" album compared to Switchfoot's other releases. Jon Foreman even hinted that the album could be viewed as "a dark chapter revealing even more mysteries to be solved". Lyrically the songs explore topics ranging from loneliness, the end of the world, anti-entropy, and the commercialization of sex. The band has always viewed the album as being more hopeful than anything, pointing to songs like "The Shadow Proves the Sunshine" as how a seemingly dark theme can actually be positive. Foreman says, "I may write about how everything is meaningless, but it’s a very hopeful thing for me to be proven wrong.". The song is a fan favourite and is often played live at their shows.

Musically, the record features the most densely layered guitar work by the band to date. This is attributed to the official addition to the band of touring guitarist Drew Shirley, whose work on the song "Golden" provided a "mellow, ethereal roof over top of the song," as Foreman noted. "Noise never sounded more beautiful!"

Reception
In October, just over a month after its original release date, Nothing Is Sound was certified gold by the RIAA for selling 500,000 copies. The incredible pacing tapered off significantly, following the revelation of Sony's rootkit on the disks. The November 1, 2006 edition of Billboard magazine reported that Nothing Is Sound had sold 549,000 units. It debuted on the Billboard 200 at number three, being the highest that any Switchfoot album has ever placed. "Stars" is the best charting single of the album, reaching as high as 16 on the modern rock chart, and number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Copy protection controversy
In November 2005, it was revealed that Sony was distributing albums with Extended Copy Protection, a controversial feature that automatically installed rootkit software on any Microsoft Windows machine upon insertion of the disc. In addition to preventing the CD's contents from being copied, it was also revealed that the software reported the users' listening habits back to Sony and also exposed the computer to malicious attacks that exploited insecure features of the rootkit software. Though Sony refused to release a list of the affected CDs, the Electronic Frontier Foundation identified Nothing Is Sound as one of the discs with the invasive software.

Bassist Tim Foreman posted a way around the protection on the band's message boards. The original post was soon deleted, which caused some people to speculate that Sony would sue the band over this issue. However, no legal action has been taken. Jon Foreman would later say that he felt the album was "tainted" by this.

An additional copy protection problem was found on some of the disks that were published by EMI. These disks contained Cactus Data Shield copy protection. Some copies of that version were also recalled due to incorrect copy protection settings, although they were exchanged for other copy-protected copies with the correct settings.

Dual Disc release
A DualDisc version of Nothing is Sound was released simultaneously with standard editions of the album. Notable is the fact that these DualDisc CDs did not contain the copy protection software.

The DVD-side of the album featured the entire album in 5.1 Surround sound, and also includes an approximately 30-minute-long documentary on the making of the album.

Music videos
Switchfoot's first music video from this album is "Stars", which was filmed almost entirely underwater. Switchfoot has since released a live video version of "Stars", and another two videos for the album's second single "We Are One Tonight". The band also filmed a video for the song "Happy Is a Yuppie Word" in anticipation of its being released as the first single. However, it was never formally released, but was later included on the DVD Switchfootage 2 along with a video for "The Blues".

Extra songs
In addition to the mainstay tracks listed above, the album was released with extra material at different stores.
 * Albums purchased at Target stores contained an extra track called "Goodnight Punk". The song was originally considered for the album The Beautiful Letdown but was cut from the final selection.
 * Albums purchased at Walmart contained a Christmas song called "Another Christmas (Old Borego)" as a bonus track, which Jon Foreman had penned earlier for a charity album released locally in the band's hometown of San Diego.
 * In Japan, the album was released with an alternative version of "Dare You to Move" which is featured during a montage in the band's DVD "Switchfootage", along with the unreleased track "Monday Comes Around."
 * Albums purchased on iTunes included an acoustic version of the song "Stars".

Personnel

 * Switchfoot
 * Jon Foreman – guitar, lead vocals
 * Tim Foreman – bass, backing vocals
 * Chad Butler – drums, percussion
 * Jerome Fontamillas – keyboard, guitar, backing vocals
 * Drew Shirley – guitar, backing vocals

 * Additional musicians
 * Ken Chastain – additional percussion
 * Chris Westlake – strings (track 12)
 * Tommy Barbarella – strings (tracks 6 and 12)
 * Andy Sturmer – guest background vocals (track 2)
 * Rachel Masen – guest background vocals (track 11)
 * Todd Cooper – choral vocals (track 6)
 * Jimmy Coup – choral vocals (track 6)
 * Joel Hossler – choral vocals (track 6)
 * The Kuyasa Kids – segue vocals

Recorded at Signature Sound, Big Fish, House of Cards Studio, Big Brown Sound, Starstruck Studio, The Pass, Stellenbosch Univ. S. Africa, and dingy backstage dressing rooms.

Mixed at MixThis! (tracks 4, 6, 9, 10 and 12) and Resonate Music, Burbank, CA (tracks 1–3, 5, 7, 8 and 11). Mastered at Sterling Sound, New York City.

 * Additional personnel
 * John Fields – production, recording
 * Switchfoot – production, recording
 * Steven Miller – recording
 * Chris Testa – recording
 * Dorian Crozier – recording
 * Bob Clearmountain – mixing (tracks 4, 6, 9, 10 and 12)
 * Chris Lord-Alge – mixing (tracks 1–3, 5, 7, 8 and 11)
 * Ted Jensen – mastering
 * Michael Harris – recording assistant
 * Ben Moore – recording assistant
 * Matt Beckley – recording assistant
 * Cameron Barton – recording assistant
 * Zeph Sowers – recording assistant
 * Brandon Duncan – assistant mix engineer (tracks 4, 6, 9, 10 and 12)
 * Keith Armstrong – assistant mix engineer (tracks 1–3, 5, 7, 8 and 11)
 * Dimtar Krnjaic – assistant mix engineer (tracks 1–3, 5, 7, 8 and 11)
 * Nessim Higson – original cover art
 * Justin Clark – art direction and design
 * Danny Clinch – photography (back and silhouette band photos)
 * Jon Foreman – photography (other photography)
 * Andy Barron – photography (other photography)
 * David Molnar – photography (other photography)

Awards
In 2006, the album was nominated for a Dove Award for Rock/Contemporary Album of the Year at the 37th GMA Dove Awards. The song "Stars" was also nominated for two Dove Awards.

title: Nothing Is Sound


text:
User:SwaroopBhushan

My user page. Just testing. Do not revert.

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Click Here if you have too much time to kill.

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= Hope this looks big enough =

After intense deliberation, it's finally time to start Wiki'ing.

Did I really do all this ?
Yes you did. That's the power of the Wiki

title: User:SwaroopBhushan


text:
Buffalo Bayou

Buffalo Bayou is a slow-moving body of water which flows through Houston in Harris County, Texas. Formed 18,000 years ago, it has its source in the prairie surrounding Katy, Fort Bend County, and flows approximately 53 mi east through the Houston Ship Channel into Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. In addition to drainage water impounded and released by the Addicks and Barker reservoirs, the bayou is fed by natural springs, surface runoff, and several significant tributary bayous, including White Oak Bayou, Greens Bayou, and Brays Bayou. Additionally, Buffalo Bayou is considered a tidal river downstream of a point 440 yd west of the Shepherd Drive bridge in west-central Houston.

As the principal river of Greater Houston, the Buffalo Bayou watershed is heavily urbanized. Its 102 mi2 direct drainage area contains a population of over 440,000. Including tributaries, the bayou has a watershed area of approximately 500 mi2.

Route
The upper watershed of Buffalo Bayou is impounded by the Addicks and Barker reservoirs, which comprise a major flood control system for the region. The reservoir system plays a crucial role in delaying and attenuating the peak outflow of the river during large rainfall events. Moving eastward, the Buffalo flows under State Highway 6 and into Terry Hershey Park, a linear park which follows the bayou for approximately 6 mi, culminating at Beltway 8.

The bayou meanders around the Memorial Villages between Beltway 8 and Loop 610. The banks along this reach are mostly private property, however there is a public access point and official Texas Parks and Wildlife paddling trail canoe launch at Briarbend Park, which is located in a quiet neighborhood south of San Felipe and west of Voss Road. There is another official canoe launch and access point just outside of 610 on Woodway. Additionally, it is legal to access the bayou at all public roadway bridges, but legal parking spots may not exist near these bridges.

On the east side of Loop 610, Buffalo Bayou passes along the south side of Memorial Park and the north side of River Oaks Country Club, and is accessible to the public along the entire Memorial Park frontage. Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens, the former estate of Houston philanthropist Ima Hogg, is located on the north bank of the bayou just east of Memorial Park. After passing under Shepherd Drive, the waterway enters Buffalo Bayou Park, which is bordered on the north by Memorial Drive and the south by Allen Parkway. The park continues for 2.3 mi to Interstate 45, where it enters Downtown Houston. The bayou flows past Allen's Landing and joins White Oak Bayou before exiting the central business district at Interstate 69. The bayou widens considerably as it travels through the East End, culminating at the Houston Ship Channel.

Early settlement
Along with Galveston Island and Galveston Bay itself, Buffalo Bayou was one of the focal points for early Anglo-American settlement in early Texas, first part of the Spanish Empire and then part of Mexico. Early communities began to appear at the beginning of the 19th century, including Lynchburg, Harrisburg, and Rightor's Point (modern Morgan's Point) in the 1820s. The bayou became important in Texas history when the final battle of the Texas Revolution was fought along its banks where it merges with the San Jacinto River.

In the 1830s, new communities such as Houston were established along the shoreline. A local entrepreneur named Samuel Allen (unrelated to the founders of Houston) established a large ranch, later known as the Allen Ranch, between Harrisburg and Galveston Bay. Docks at Harrisburg, Houston, and the Allen Ranch gradually became the foundations of what would become the modern Port of Houston. Harrisburg served as the region's major trade center until the 1870s, when a large fire destroyed its railroad facilities, which were subsequently rebuilt in Houston.

Houston's original docks, today known as Allen's Landing, were established at the foot of Main Street at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou. The first wharves were opened in 1840, and the Port of Houston was established in 1841. This was the most westerly location a small trading schooner could turn around; without extensive dredging, only small vessels could access the city. This site is now a public park adjacent to the University of Houston–Downtown.

After the Civil War, which bolstered the local economy, dredging became a more viable option. The Bayou Ship Channel Company began major dredging operations in 1870, and the city began receiving federal aid to complete the project. This first dredging of the Buffalo Bayou was completed in 1876.

By the mid-20th century, the Port of Houston had established itself as the leading port in Texas, eclipsing the natural harbors at Galveston and Texas City. The Turning Basin terminal in Harrisburg (now part of Houston) became the port's largest shipping point. The Texas oil boom of the early 20th century spurred further industrial development.

Extreme floods in the first half of the 20th century, especially in 1929 and 1935, devastated Downtown Houston and resulted in a number of federally-funded flood control projects in the upper reaches of the watershed. The Texas Legislature created the Harris County Flood Control District (HCFCD) in 1937, and by the end of the 1930s, over $35 million ($ million in 2016 dollars) of federal, state, and county funds had been earmarked for an extensive drainage program. In then-rural western Harris County, the United States Army Corps of Engineers constructed Barker Reservoir, completed in 1945, and Addicks Reservoir, completed in 1948. Combined, these reservoirs provide 410,000 acre-ft of runoff storage, which has largely prevented downstream flood events. Six miles of Buffalo Bayou between present-day Highway 6 and Beltway 8 was channelized during the construction of the reservoirs. Later, between 1953 and 1958, the stretch between Shepherd Drive and Sabine Street west of Downtown was also straightened. The length of bayou between these two channelized sections, which largely runs through the Memorial Villages, has remained in its natural, meandering state.

Modern history and revitalization
In the 1960s, local resident and conservationist Terry Hershey, working with local congressman (and eventual President) George H.W. Bush, prevented the federal government from lining the straightened sections of the bayou with concrete. In 1966, Hershey and a number of other homeowners in the Memorial area formed the Buffalo Bayou Preservation Association, which later expanded its mission and became the Bayou Preservation Association. In 1989, Terry Hershey Park, which runs parallel to the bayou between Beltway 8 and Highway 6, was dedicated to her efforts. The bayou is one of the only bayous in Houston to retain its natural riparian ecosystem.

Following the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, Houston sought to address the untreated sewage that was being discharged into the bayous. The city has invested over $3 billion into new sewers, pumping stations, and sewage treatment plants across the metropolitan area, which has significantly improved water quality in the region.

In 1977, Barbours Cut Terminal was opened at Morgan's Point, shifting shipping traffic away from the Turning Basin.

In 1986, the Buffalo Bayou Partnership, a nonprofit organization, was founded to leverage public and private financing towards renovating and expanding park space along the river. The Partnership's 2002 Buffalo Bayou Master Plan established a 20-year, $5.6 billion vision for the bayou centered on a series of linear parks through central Houston. The project goals include the rehabilitation of formerly industrial land, habitat restoration, canoeing and kayaking facilities, hike-and-bike trails, cultural programming, flood control management, and mixed-use urban development.

The Partnership has leveraged over $150 million to implement these projects. The Buffalo Bayou Promenade, opened in 2006, is a 23 acre recreation area with 1.4 mi of hiking and biking trails extending from Sabine Street west of Downtown to Bagby Street in the Theater District. In 2015, the Partnership completed Buffalo Bayou Park immediately to the west of the Promenade, adding another 160 acre of renovated parkland along a 2.3 mi stretch. Buffalo Bayou Park, labeled a "signature, verdant downtown gateway" by the Houston Chronicle, includes a dog park, broad lawns, gardens, restaurants, and an art space inside a historic disused cistern. In 2006 the Houston Cistern, managed by the Buffalo Bayou Partnership, started offering historical tours and immersive art exhibits.

In August 2017, extensive rainfall from Hurricane Harvey brought the bayou to record high levels, shattering previous flood crests by several feet. Addicks and Barker reservoirs were filled to capacity, forcing the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to initiate controlled releases of 16000 ft3/s to prevent catastrophic uncontrolled releases and protect the structural integrity of the dams. Despite these efforts, uncontrolled releases did occur around the spillway at the northern end of Addicks Reservoir for the first time in the structure's history.

The reservoir releases caused extensive flooding of neighborhoods and roadways along the western stretch of Buffalo Bayou between Barker Reservoir and Downtown; the Memorial area was heavily damaged. The bayou was projected to remain at a major flood stage for up to two weeks after the storm in order to drain the reservoirs as much as possible.

Flood control
The Buffalo Bayou watershed is central to the drainage of Houston and Harris County. Lying over relatively impervious soils and very flat topography, the bayou has extensive natural floodplains, as do most Gulf coastal rivers and streams. Urbanization of the watershed has placed thousands of people in vulnerable areas and has affected the frequency and intensity of flood events.

In response to the disastrous flood of 1935, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, in association with the Harris County Flood Control District, began an extensive program of reservoir construction, removal of stream-bank vegetation, and channelization to reduce Houston's flooding risk. The two most prominent flood control features in the Buffalo Bayou watershed are the Addicks and Barker reservoirs in western Harris County, which provide a combined 26000 acre of open land for runoff storage. In recent years, extensive suburban development upstream of the reservoirs has stressed this flood control infrastructure.

Since 2015, Buffalo Bayou has experienced three major flooding events, including Hurricane Harvey in 2017, the Tax Day floods of 2016, and a flood on May 26, 2015.

Recreation and wildlife
Buffalo Bayou is home to numerous urban parks, including George Bush Park (located entirely within Barker Reservoir), Terry Hershey Park, Memorial Park, Buffalo Bayou Park, and Tony Marron Park in the East End. San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site, the site of the Battle of San Jacinto which ended the Texas Revolution, includes the USS Texas, a museum ship permanently moored near the mouth of the bayou.

The bayou supports a significant population of catfish, sunfish, gars, and bass for recreational fishing. It includes a population of birds and hosts the popular Waugh Bat Bridge. Snakes and alligators have also been spotted along the bayou.

Navigation
Buffalo Bayou is legally navigable by paddle craft from its source in Katy to the western end of the Ship Channel upstream of Wayside Drive. A majority of paddle trips generally take place between Highway 6 and Shepherd Drive section, with main focus on the section from Briarbend Park to Woodway and to Downtown Houston, generally because of ease of access and length of the trail.

The section from Highway 6 to Beltway 8 is known for downed trees, which require frequent portages. The section from Beltway 8 to Briarbend Park is generally kept clear of blockages by the Harris County Flood Control District; however, there are several gravel bar hazards to negotiate during normal water flows. The section from Briarbend Park to Woodway is similarly kept clear, although there may be trees across the waterway immediately after storms.

Water quality
As an urban waterway, Buffalo Bayou is especially vulnerable to low water quality. The condition of the bayou's waters has long been a topic of concern in Houston. During the 19th century, the river essentially functioned as both an open sanitary sewer and a source of drinking water. Industrial and agricultural discharge into the water was a common practice, and the bayou took on a reputation as a "cesspool" with an "unbearable stench." It was not until the early 20th century that the city had the resources to construct sewerage and sewage treatment plants. However, environmental progress was slow, and Buffalo Bayou was still heavily polluted through the late 1940s.

Today, the bayou still faces significant environmental challenges, including elevated levels of indicator bacteria, low oxygen saturation, and heavy nutrient pollution.

In February 2019, it was reported that 64,000 gallons of jet fuel leaked into the bayou via the nearby Hobby Airport.

title: Buffalo Bayou


text:
Athena (1954 film)

Athena is a 1954 American romantic musical comedy film directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Jane Powell, Edmund Purdom, Debbie Reynolds, Vic Damone, Louis Calhern, Steve Reeves, and Evelyn Varden. It was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

The film tells the story of an old-fashioned conservative lawyer who falls in love with a daughter from a family of fitness fanatics.

Plot
Conservative lawyer Adam Calhorn Shaw (Edmund Purdom) hopes to be elected to office, like his father, and his father's father. He is engaged to a sophisticated society lady, Beth Hallson (Linda Christian).

Arriving at a nursery to complain about the peach trees he had purchased, Adam meets the energetic and eccentric Athena Mulvain (Jane Powell), the oldest of seven sisters in a family of anti-smoking, vegetarian, teetotallers who follow astrology and numerology.

Athena offers to give him advice on how to mulch the peach trees, however, Adam is uneasy, and leaves. Later, at a party, Athena arrives, mulches Adam's peach trees, kisses him, and announces her intention to marry him. She also decides, after a numerological calculation, that Adam's friend Johnny Nyle (Vic Damone) would be perfect for her sister, Minerva (Debbie Reynolds).

Athena returns to Adam's house the next morning, to the shock of Adam's fiancée. Adam promises to tell Athena that he has no romantic interest in her, but finds she has left. He asks his legal secretary Miss Seely to search for her but to no avail. Eventually Johnny returns and tells Adam that Athena's family owns a health food store, and that he can find her there.

That night when Adam goes to the house, he meets the meditating Grandma Salome, Minerva and Athena's 5 other beautiful, singing and dancing sisters: Niobe, Aphrodite, Calliope, Medea and Ceres. He also meets the bodybuilders that the girls' grandfather (Louis Calhern) has been training for the Mr. Universe competition, Ed Perkins (Reeves) and Bill Nichols (Richard DuBois).

Despite the bizarre ways of the family, and although Adam initially tries to resist Athena, he eventually succumbs to her charms, and breaks up with Beth. Just when all is looking rosy, Grandma foresees difficult times ahead. Athena's sisters advise Athena to break up with Adam, however Athena chooses to push ahead with the relationship, knowing that "love can change the stars".

The sisters visit Adam's house while he is out and perform a makeover, removing rugs and screens and installing large urns and fresh flowers. Adam's influential family friend, Mr. Grenville, Adam's law firm partner, Mr. Griswalde, and Adam's campaign manager for election to the United States Congress, Mr. Tremaine, phone Adam's house and reach Athena on the phone. Curious, they visit Adam's house only to find Grandma there in place of the girls.

Adam invites Athena to a formal reception at Mr. Grenville's home. Athena at first charms the party with her pleasant nature and an off-the-cuff rendition of an aria from a Donizetti opera. However she loses her temper when Beth presents Athena with a buffet dinner where all of the vegetables are stuffed with meat.

More difficulties arise when Adam humiliates Ed Perkins and Grandpa on television at the "Mr. Universe" final. Grandpa had hoped that Ed would marry Athena to produce perfect children. Adam verbally attacks Grandpa over the hypocrisy of many of his beliefs. Ed threatens Adam by putting him in a hold that Adam gets out of by throwing Ed in a jiu jitsu throw with both events appearing on nationwide television. Adam is told by his minders that his political career is over because he embarrassed the belief system of Athena's people, alienating voters with those sympathies, whilst those opposed to their beliefs would associate Adam with holding their beliefs by merely being with them.

Despite requisite further conflict, harmony is restored and all of the main players gather around for a Mulvain-style feast.

Cast

 * Jane Powell as Athena Mulvain
 * Edmund Purdom as Adam Calhorn Shaw
 * Debbie Reynolds as Minerva Mulvain
 * Vic Damone as Johnny Nyle
 * Louis Calhern as Ulysses Mulvain
 * Linda Christian as Beth Hallson
 * Evelyn Varden as Salome Mulvain
 * Ray Collins as Mr Tremaine
 * Carl Benton Reid as Mr Griswalde
 * Howard Wendell as Mr Grenville
 * Virginia Gibson as Niobe
 * Henry Nakamura as Roy
 * Nancy Kilgas as Aphrodite
 * Dolores Starr as Calliope
 * Jane Fischer as Medea
 * Cecile Rogers as Ceres
 * Kathleen Freeman as Miss Seely
 * Steve Reeves as Ed Perkins
 * Richard Sabre as Bill Nichols

Songs
The film features several songs by Hugh Martin and Ralph Blane including

 * "Athena" (Chorus)
 * "The Girl Next Door" (Vic Damone), a slight variation on the 1944 hit "The Boy Next Door" from Meet Me in St Louis
 * "Vocalize" (Jane Powell) which is reprised later in a choral arrangement as "Harmonize" (Jane Powell, Louis Calhern, Chorus)
 * "Imagine" (Debbie Reynolds, Vic Damone)
 * "Love can change the Stars" (Jane Powell, Sisters, Vic Damone)
 * "Never felt better" (Debbie Reynolds, Jane Powell, Sisters)
 * "Venezia" (Vic Damone)
 * Donizetti's "Chacun le sait" from La fille du régiment (The Daughter of the Regiment) (Jane Powell)

Doublepack 7" track list Mercury EP-2-3284

 * A1 Jane Powell: Vocalize
 * A2 Vic Damone: The Girl Next Door

 * B1 Debbie Reynolds: I Never Felt Better
 * B2 Jane Powell: Love Can Change The Stars

 * C1 Vic Damone: Love Can Change The Stars
 * C2 Vic Damone And Debbie Reynolds: Imagine

 * D1 Vic Damone: Venezia
 * D2 Jane Powell: Chacun Le Sait

Production
The film was an original story. It was originally meant to star Elizabeth Taylor rather than Jane Powell. Esther Williams then became attached. In 1953 Williams left for maternity leave. Before her departure, she had assumed she would appear in Athena when she returned, as she claimed that she had helped create the premise with writers Leo Pogostin and Charles Walters.

MGM initially announced that Williams' appearance in Athena would be postponed to enable her to make another musical Bermuda for Joe Pasternak. However, the studio decided to cast Williams in Jupiter's Darling and replaced her with Jane Powell, who was taken off Love Me or Leave Me. They changed the main character from a swimmer to a singer, to accommodate Powell. Janet Leigh and Vera-Ellen were also cast in the film, but dropped out.

The male lead was given to Edmund Purdom who had become a leading man in The Student Prince (1954). MGM head of production Dore Schary was keen to build up Purdom as a star. Filming was pushed back so Purdom could replace Marlon Brando in The Egyptian.

Chiquita and Johnson from the Moulin Rouge were meant to appear in the film.

Filming
Director Dick Thorpe was less than enthusiastic about the picture. After a scene was finished, he would toss the pages of the script over his shoulder and walk away. In her autobiography, Jane Powell said that it really discouraged the cast. Powell also said that the film would have been better received had it been made twenty years later.

Edmund Purdom and Linda Christian had an affair during filming and later married.

Box office
According to MGM records the film made $1,222,000 in the US and Canada and $658,000 elsewhere resulting in a loss of $511,000.

Legacy
Steve Reeves' appearance in the film led to his casting in Hercules (1958). The 13-year-old daughter of that film's director, Pietro Francisci, saw Reeves in Athena and recommended him to her father. This was one of two films where Reeves' actual voice was heard; Jail Bait (1954) is the other. His European films were all dubbed by voice actors.

title: Athena (1954 film)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Proper pacifico cocktail

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ugen64 01:15, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Proper pacifico cocktail
Neologism, prank, not notable, original research, and/or unverifiable. Zero hits. Niteowlneils 17:51, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 1 jigger of Citron, 1 Beer, 1 big shot of Delete.  Wikipedia is not a cookbook. Wikibofh 18:09, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I mixed Guinness and whisky once. The result was not suitable material for an encyclopedia, and neither is this. Delete neologism/private joke. sjorford →•← 18:36, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non notable vanity. I just created the "No Google Hits" cocktail. It has... yeah, you guessed, no Google hits! Sarg 18:45, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, no google hits. Thue | talk 20:31, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki. Doesn't Wikibooks have a cocktail recipe book? Does it accept original research? — Phil Welch 00:17, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:Academic tenure in North America

POV Lead
Article lead has these sentences which seem very biased to me: "Tenure encouraged the development of ideas and thoughts, even if they are not popular among the community. In those countries, tenure is granted only to professors and teachers who prove to be exceptionally productive in their careers."

In addition, the 2 sources cited are both from Teacher/Education Associations (American Association of University Professors, and the National Education Association). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cityuser (talk • contribs) 07:33, 5 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Academic tenure in North America


text:
Talk:Bangal

Not Derogatory
In the history for this page, Ragib states that "Bangal" is a derogatory term. My family, who are all Bangals and who use the term routinely for themselves and for their fellow Bangals, would be surprised to learn this.
 * Well, at least in Bangladesh, that is considered a somewhat offensive term. Perhaps since we all fall into the category, people tend to take offense in the term. Does that explain it? Thanks. --Ragib 01:37, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Edits
Why has so much correct and relevant information been removed from this article? As used today, the term "Bangal" almost never refers to a person from Bangladesh. It is almost always used to refer to a Hindu Bengali living in West Bengal or elsewhere whose family origins were from East Bengal. The whole point of the Bangal culture dying out is that they no longer live in their homeland. I propose a reversion to the original text.

 * There are several proverbs, for example "Bangal ke highcourt dekhano" referring to the incidents where some guy from East Bengal would visit Calcutta under british rule, and asked to see the highcourt, and the cosmopolitan people living in there would just show a big building and tell him that is the highcourt and make fun of him. This refers to people of all religions coming from East Bengal. Therefore a the reference to only Hindu's is not correct. Thanks. --Ragib 20:34, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

move
In line with Wikipedia standards, the article was moved to Bangal. When referring to countable terms, singular is preferred. -- Urnonav 14:20, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Not offensive in New York
We have several "Bangal Curry" restauraunts in lower manhattan. The Bengalis I work with say it isn't offensive.

Page Needs to Be Moved/Merged
This page needs to be merged with the already existing Bengal page! Le Anh-Huy (talk) 10:36, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

 * This is not the same thing as "Bengal" (a region) ... rather *this* article is about inhabitants of a particular region. --Ragib (talk) 16:09, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

Edit request on 3 July 2012
Hello editor, My request to you is to include people from other divisions/districts of pre-partition East Bengal like Jessore, Chittagong,Mymensingh,Rajshahi etc. as people considered as "BANGAL" in the article "BANGAL" of Wikipedia.

SOURCE SUPPORTING MY REQUEST- ARTICLE " EAST BENGALI REFUGEES " OF WIKIPEDIA.I WILL TRY TO ADD MORE SUPPORTING SOURCES.

THANKING YOU, ANIWRITING.

Aniwriting (talk) 18:08, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. Please also note that Wikipedia articles do not count as reliable sources. Rivertorch (talk) 07:07, 4 July 2012 (UTC)

RIVERTORCH,YOU HAVE WRITTEN THAT WIKI ARTICLES DON'T COUNT AS RELIABLE SOURCES !!! DOES THAT MEAN WIKI ARTICLES ARE FULL OF ERRORS ???!!!

BANGLAPEDIA, WHICH IS THE OFFICIAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BANGLADESH SUPPORTS MY REQUEST. IT IS THE WORK OF NEARLY 1200 SCHOLARS. DO YOU NEED ANY MORE FACTS, EVIDENCE OR CONSENSUS ?

PLEASE HELP ME IN CARRYING OUT THE REQUEST.

ANIWRITING.

 * Hi, Aniwriting. Please sign and date your posts by typing four consecutive tildes ( ~ ). And please don't SHOUT ; it's hard to read, and many editors find it irritating. Wikipedia's content is based on reliable sources but is not a reliable source in itself. Even if all the errors in Wikipedia vanished tomorrow, that would still be the case. In my reply above, I provided a link to the guideline on reliable sources, which provides an excellent overview of the subject and specifically addresses the question of Wikipedia and other encyclopedias. That guideline is supplemental to the policy on verifiability, which I highly recommend reading as well. Rivertorch (talk) 07:36, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 8 February 2013
Please add "and vocabulary" after "...distinct accent".

Reliable source: my own family as I am a Baati - Bangal + Ghoti

Pallabgupta (talk) 17:24, 8 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made.- Happysailor  (Talk) 20:25, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 08:56, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bangal


text:
User talk:Ryan Prior/Miscellany

This page contains miscellaneous fragments of discussions that were not very long or very important but were on my talk page.

A.E.
(Regarding my comments on User_talk:Bastique)

Is definitely not me! Cool. I've had a couple of stories published, although they're erotica, they're also sci-fi, definitely male/male--very different readership than lesbian erotica...not saying I can't write lesbian erotica. Hmmm...that might be an idea. Probably will sell more.  ℬ astique ▼ talk 21:08, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ryan Prior/Miscellany


text:
.cat

.cat (pronounced in Catalan: punt cat ) is a sponsored top-level domain intended to be used to highlight the Catalan language. Its policy has been developed by ICANN and Fundació puntCAT. It was approved in September 2005.

History
Before .cat was available, and given the reluctance of certain Catalan institutions, companies, and people, to use .es, .ad, .fr, .it domains (depending on the state respectively) for their domains, alternatives emerged. An example of this was the website for the city of Girona in Catalonia, which preferred to use a .gi domain ("ajuntament.gi", the word "ajuntament" meaning both "city council" and "town hall"), even though .gi is the country code for Gibraltar, instead of the corresponding .es as a Spanish local authority.

To solve this matter, in September 2005 the .cat TLD was approved, designed to meet the wishes and needs of the Catalan linguistic and cultural community on the Internet. This community is made up of those who use Catalan for their online communications, and/or promote the different aspects of Catalan culture online and prefer it to any other domain. The initial registration period went from February 13, 2006, to April 21, 2006. The registry was open to everybody starting April 23, 2006.

In September 2017 a Spanish court ordered that all .cat domain names that were being used to promote the Catalan independence referendum shall be taken down. On September 20 the Spanish police raided the offices of puntCAT and arrested CTO Pep Masoliver for sedition. Following this, puntCAT released several tweets and a press statement on their website that condemned this action, calling it "shameful and degrading, unworthy of a civilized country [and] immensely disproportionate".

On October 31, 2017 several Catalan Government websites including president.cat, govern.cat and catalangovernment.eu were taken down due to the political crisis in Catalonia and due to the take over of authority by the Government of Spain.

Restrictions
The .cat domain is not territorial, but applies to the whole Catalan-speaking community, whether or not a site is based in Catalonia. In order to be granted a .cat domain, one needs to belong to the Catalan linguistic and cultural community on the Internet. A person, organization or company is considered to belong if they either:
 * already have content in Catalan published online.

 * have access to a special code (sometimes called ENS), issued during special promotions or by agreements with certain institutions.
 * develop activities (in any language) to promote the Catalan culture and language.
 * are endorsed by 3 people or 1 institution already using a .cat domain name.

Despite the restrictions, the domain has been exploited for feline-related domain hacks, such as nyan.cat. In September 2017, with the domain's filters weakened after the raid by Spanish police, American neo-Nazi website The Daily Stormer was briefly hosted on a .cat address.

Impact
Following the success of the .cat domain, other language and culture-based domain names have emerged, such as .eus and .gal for the Basque language and culture (Euskal Herria) and the Galician language and culture (Galicia), respectively, as well as the .bzh domain-name dedicated to the Breton language and culture in Brittany.

title: .cat


text:
Debabrata Basu

Debabrata Basu (5 July 1924 – 24 March 2001) was an Indian statistician who made fundamental contributions to the foundations of statistics. Basu invented simple examples that displayed some difficulties of likelihood-based statistics and frequentist statistics; Basu's paradoxes were especially important in the development of survey sampling. In statistical theory, Basu's theorem established the independence of a complete sufficient statistic and an ancillary statistic.

Basu was associated with the Indian Statistical Institute in India, and Florida State University in the United States.

Biography
Debabrata Basu was born in Dacca, Bengal, unpartitioned India, now Dhaka, Bangladesh. His father, N. M. Basu, was a mathematician specialising in number theory. Young Basu studied mathematics at Dacca University. He took a course in statistics as part of the under-graduate honours programme in Mathematics but his ambition was to become a pure mathematician. After getting his master's degree from Dacca University, Basu taught there from 1947 to 1948.

Following the partition of India in 1947, Basu made several trips to India. In 1948, he moved to Calcutta, where he worked for some time as an actuary in an insurance company. In 1950, he joined the Indian Statistical Institute as a research scholar under C.R. Rao.

In 1950, the Indian Statistical Institute was visited by Abraham Wald, who was giving a lecture tour sponsored by the International Statistical Institute. Wald greatly impressed Basu. Wald had developed a decision-theoretic foundations for statistics in which Bayesian statistics was a central part, because of Wald's theorem characterising admissible decision rules as Bayesian decision rules (or limits of Bayesian decision rules). Wald also showed the power of using measure-theoretic probability theory in statistics.

He married Kalyani Ray in 1952 and subsequently had two children, Monimala (Moni) Basu and Shantanu Basu. Moni is director of the Narrative Nonfiction Writing Program at the University of Georgia, a former journalism professor at the University of Florida and former CNN reporter, and Shantanu is an astrophysicist at the University of Western Ontario.

In 1953, after submitting his thesis to the University of Calcutta, Basu went as a Fulbright scholar to the University of California, Berkeley. There Basu had intensive discussions with Jerzy Neyman and "his brilliant younger colleagues" like Erich Leo Lehmann. Basu's theorem comes from this time. Basu thus had a good understanding of the decision-theoretic approach to statistics of Neyman, Pearson and Wald. In fact, Basu is described as having returned from Berkeley to India as a "complete Neyman Pearsonian" by J. K. Ghosh.

Basu met Ronald Fisher in the winter of 1954–1955; he wrote in 1988, "With his reference set argument, Sir Ronald was trying to find a via media between the two poles of Statistics – Berkeley and Bayes. My efforts to understand this Fisher compromise led me to the likelihood principle". In their festschrift for Basu, the editors Malay Ghosh and Patak write that

"[Basu's] critical examination of both the Neyman–Pearsonian and the Fisherian modes of inference eventually forced him to a Bayesian point of view, via the likelihood route. The final conversion to Bayesianism came in January 1968, when Basu was invited to speak at a Bayesian Session in the Statistics Section of the Indian Science Congress. He confesses that, while preparing for these lectures, he became convinced that Bayesian inference did indeed provide one with a logical resolution of the underlying inconsistencies of both the Neyman–Pearson and the Fisherian theories. Since then, Dr. Basu became an ardent Bayesian and, in many of his foundation papers, pointed out the deficiencies of both the Neyman–Pearsonian and the Fisherian methods."

After 1968, Basu began writing polemical essays, which provided paradoxes to frequentist statistics, and which produced great discussion in statistical journals and at statistical meetings. Particularly stimulating papers were Basu's papers on the foundations of survey sampling. There is an extensive literature discussing Basu's problem of estimating the weight of the elephants at a circus with an enormous bull elephant named Jumbo, which Basu used to illustrate his objections to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator and to Fisher's randomisation test.

Basu taught at the Indian Statistical Institute and various universities around the world. He moved to the United States and taught statistics at Florida State University from 1975 to 1990 when he was made an emeritus professor; he has supervised six PhD students. In 1979 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.

Publications
Basu's main articles are reprinted with his comments in Also

title: Debabrata Basu


text:
Meschede

Meschede is a town in the Hochsauerland district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the district Hochsauerlandkreis.

Education
One of the five branches of South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences (also: Fachhochschule Südwestfalen (FH SWF)) is located here.

Geography
Meschede is situated in the Ruhr valley, near to the Hennesee, south of the nature-park Arnsberger Wald. Major towns in the vicinity of Meschede are Paderborn (51 km), Kassel (85 km), Siegen (57 km), Hagen, Dortmund (60 km) and Hamm (49 km).

Neighbouring municipalities

 * Arnsberg
 * Bestwig
 * Eslohe
 * Schmallenberg
 * Sundern
 * Warstein

Division of the town
After the local government reforms of 1975 Meschede consists of these districts and villages:

History
Meschede was founded as a settlement around a convent, the Walpurgis-Stift, in the 10th century. In 1572, it became a member of the Hanseatic League.

In the 18th century, many inhabitants of Meschede died in at least two epidemics of dysentery.

Both in World War I and in World War II, Meschede was notorious as a location where the Germans exploited POWs in labour camps. In February, 1945, the town was destroyed by Allied air raid bombings, because of its strategically important railway station, but rebuilt after the war.

In 1921, the Sauerländer Heimatbund was founded.

In 1970, Meschede's St. Walburga Hospital was the site of a smallpox outbreak, as described in the book The Demon in the Freezer by Richard Preston.

Economy
Meschede is the seat of three major companies:
 * a department of Deutsche Telekom
 * the Veltins Brewery
 * the Honsel factory, founded in 1908, that produces car parts and other products from aluminum, owned by the Canadese company Martinrea.

An industrial zone is located near the crossing of the A 46 with the B 55 (see below).

Tourism also is important to the town's economy.

Transportation
Meschede is connected with two national roads, the federal roads B 7 and B 55, and the motorway A 46.

Meschede has a railroad station, and is connected via the Sauerland Net, RB 57, to Arnsberg and other towns.

It has an airfield, the Meschede-Schüren Airfield, with a 900 m runway.

Climate
The city's climate is continental. The lowest temperature recorded was -20 °C, its highest was recorded at 39 °C.

Culture
Spanish fricco is a traditional stew dish of Meschede.

Mayors of Meschede

 * 1952–1961: Engelbert Dick (CDU)
 * 1961–1969: Josef Busch (CDU)
 * 1969–1974: Bruno Peus (CDU)
 * 1975–1998: Franz Stahlmecke (CDU)
 * 1998–1999: Bruno Peus (CDU)
 * 1999–2015: Hans-Ulrich (Uli) Hess (CDU)
 * 2015–present: Christoph Weber (CDU)

Notable people

 * Joseph Hippolyt Pulte (1811–1884), homeopathic physician
 * August Macke (1887–1914), painter
 * Carola Matthiesen (1943– 2015), German University Teacher
 * Klaus-Jürgen Wrede (born 1963), board game creator, author of the Carcassonne
 * Matthias Ungemach (born 1968), rower, trained here

Main sights

 * Abbey Königsmünster, built by the Order of Saint Benedict.
 * Lake Hennesee near Meschede is the main recreational area of the town.

Twin towns – sister cities
Meschede is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Cousolre, France (1965)
 * 🇫🇷 Le Puy-en-Velay, France (1975)

Meschede also has friendly relations with:
 * 🇩🇪 Neufraunhofen, Germany

title: Meschede


text:
Talk:Ghoti people

Vandalizing the page wont change history or society
It has come to my notice that over the past two weeks, a shocking number of malicious attempts to vandalize the page has been repealed by responsible wikipedians. Please, if you see this.

The social competition among Ghoti and Bengal communities in Bengal and outside it, over the past 50 years is a known fact among bengalis. But since the late 1980-s, when the pressure on land and labour markets started to ease with the start of the liberalization of the Indian economy, this competition has decreased to the point of being a friendly rivalry. The difference between both communities is practically non-existent now and has devolved down inane jokes about who cooks the best fish and whose fashion sense.

My parents, a Ghoti man, tracing his roots to Purba Medinipur and a Bangal woman with family originally from Faridpur, near Dhaka, got married in 1990. I grew up hearing them joke about each other's curious social beliefs. Most kids today, barely know their heritage in these terms. Let them know the real history and not blind hate.

It is too bad some folks have decided to inject sectarian bias into a source of information. One writer wrote: "During both events, as well as before and after them, millions of Hindu Bangals fled from East Pakistan and Bangladesh due to religious persecution and political repression by the majority Muslim populace". First of all, the number is a fantasy, the TOTAL number of Muslims and Hindus who moved from India to Pakistan and vice-versa, was about14-17 million. Secondly, to make the above statement implies Muslims oppressed Hindus while (by omission) Hindus did not oppress Muslims. The statement is gratuitous and should have been left out or, clarifying that people of BOTH faiths were oppressed and emigrated in both directions across the border. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:601:9900:57E0:84DE:FB2A:F8B9:4016 (talk) 23:47, 26 May 2020 (UTC)

Not Derogatory
As with Bangals, Ragib states in the history that the term Ghoti is derogatory. In my direct experience, it is not. My wife is a Ghoti and routinely refers to herself and her family with that term. In almost every meeting between Bengali Hindus that I have witnessed, there is always a brief discussion regarding whether the other person is a Ghoti or a Bangal and there is never any hint that the term is derogatory

move
The article needs to be moved to "Ghoti" but that is already being used by the word referring to English linguistics. Move to Ghoti (ethnic) and disambiguation is necessary. Any idea on this? -- Urnonav 14:21, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Pronunciation
According to George Bernard Shaw, Ghoti can be pronounced fish!?!?!?

Tabletop 12:29, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

See the page for Ghoti... LacsiraxAriscal (talk) 20:44, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

Ghoti surnames
Surnames are related to castes and not to any geographical regions. This surname section contains basically wrong information. It should be repealed. Arnab Dutta 08:15, 28 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Arnab is correct. Surnames depend on castes as opposed to regions. However, there may be surnames that occur only among Ghotis or Bangals, but they have nothing to do with region. Therefore this section should be removed. BengaliHindu (talk) 11:20, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes,and there is a lot of inconsistencies, surname sen is way more common in bangals than ghotis. Also Poriya, Hati or Mallick are distinctly Ghoti surnames.

Another is Mitra tends to be commoner in Ghotis while Moitro and Lahiri are most probably bangals.

Kar is predominantly Bangal but ghotis also exist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 14.96.164.212 (talk) 18:40, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

Ghoti is also in Pakistan
Ghoti is also the name of a small town in Sindh, Pakistan, close to the border. It is about half-way between Ahmedabad in India and Hyderabad in Pakistan. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:601:9900:57E0:84DE:FB2A:F8B9:4016 (talk) 23:55, 26 May 2020 (UTC)
 * "Ghoti" can actually refer to several things, which are listed at Ghoti (disambiguation). Granted, none of them are a town in Pakistan. Do you have any sources that describe this town? -- Fyrael (talk) 06:04, 27 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ghoti people


text:
User talk:Captking

Image:Stanford Oval4.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Stanford Oval4.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:20, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Captking


text:
Bishop Carroll High School (Calgary)

Bishop Carroll High School is a Canadian Catholic high school that is part of the Calgary Catholic School District in Alberta. The school is named after Francis Patrick Carroll, the Bishop of Calgary from 1935 to 1966. The school welcomes students who are not Catholic but all pupils are expected to complete religious studies courses.

Bishop Carroll's athletic teams are nicknamed the Cardinals.

Curriculum
The school offers a unique program that allows students to work at their own pace in an individual environment. This self-directed learning is part of the constructivist model of student-centered learning advocated by member schools of the Canadian Coalition of Self-Directed Learning.

The school is a member of the Action for Bright Children Society.

History
Opened in 1971, Bishop Carroll High School was the first school in Canada to offer a program based on the CCSDL fundamental practices of personalized programming, flexible scheduling, continuous progress, mastery learning and a Teacher Advisory Program. In 2011, Mount Royal University signed a Memorandum of Agreement with Bishop Carroll High School to build on a history of cooperation between the two institutions in order to enhance a working relationship that will increase educational opportunities for students. The MOU allows discussions to commence between the parties to offer specific courses at the high school (dual credit courses). Bishop Carroll High School students beginning in 2013 got a head start on their University studies with the successful completion of Critical Reading and Writing, a university-level credit course offered jointly by Mount Royal University and Bishop Carroll High School. This course was the first of its kind, and is part of a plan of continuing cooperation between the University and Bishop Carroll High School in many disciplines. In 2015, this MRU-BCHS course became dual credit.

Student Services Department
Three full-time counsellors offer a Comprehensive School Counselling program, which meet the needs of student in three basic domains: academic development, career development, and personal/social development. In 2014, Mount Royal University and partner school Bishop Carroll joined together to raise awareness about, and change the culture of, bullying. Who's Frank? is an initiative determined to change hearts and minds through the power of stories and inspire action against bullying.

Music department
The Bishop Carroll Music Society (BCMS) is an independently-run organization directed by parent volunteers and faculty from the department of music at the school; it funds, promotes, and supports the music program and all its members. The music program consists of a Concert Choir, a Treble Choir & Auditioned Chamber Choir, Vocal Jazz Ensemble, Sassy Jazz Ensemble, four string orchestras (Beginner Strings, Intermezzo Strings, Cantabile Strings, and Virtuosi Strings), a Concert Band, Auditioned Touring Band, Wind Ensemble and Symphonic Band, 1:00 Jazz band and 2:00 Jazz Bands and in 2014 added a Symphony Orchestra. This is the only high school in Calgary with an Orchestra. In December 2017, the Virtuosi Strings were invited to perform at The Midwest Clinic, an International Band and Orchestra Conference in Chicago, IL.

School of Alberta Ballet
Bishop Carroll is one of two Calgary schools that has a relationship with The School of Alberta Ballet. Ballet students at Bishop Carroll and Queen Elizabeth High (in the public system) may receive credit toward their high school diploma for the instruction they receive at ballet school.

2008 Lockdown
Bishop Carroll was locked down for approximately 4 hours on December 12, 2008. No threat was found and students were released.

2016 Lockdown
Bishop Carroll was locked down for approximately 2 hours on September 20, 2016. Once again, Police "found nothing out of the ordinary". Certain sources claim that a "bomb threat" was made to the school, while others say that the threat was "unspecified". A very similar lockdown happened at Bishop Grandin at the same time, but "Police say the calls to the schools were unrelated". No one was harmed, and all students were released.

Notable alumni

 * Amanda Billings - Figure skater.
 * Anastasia Bucsis - Speed Skater. Competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver in the Women's 500 metre.
 * Erin Chan and Shayna Nackoney - Synchronized swimmers who won a bronze medal at the team event at the 2001 world championships in Fukuoka, Japan.
 * Mark Dewit - Was drafted in the 6th round, 42nd overall to the Toronto Argonauts in the 2008 round.
 * Lindsay Ell - Country Music Singer/Songwriter. Graduated as valedictorian in 2006.
 * Jeromy Farkas - Calgary city councillor for Ward 11 elected in the Calgary municipal election, 2017
 * Leslie Feist, known as Feist, singer/songwriter, founded a punk band named Placebo at Bishop Carroll before switching to Alternative High School.
 * Jim Henderson - Major League Baseball pitcher with the Milwaukee Brewers.
 * James Keelaghan - Folk Singer/Songwriter. Juno Award winner
 * Warren Kinsella - Lawyer, author, and political consultant; who advised former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien.
 * John Kucera - Currently on the Canadian National Ski Team. Member of the 2006 Canadian Olympic Team. 2005/2006 National Super G Champion. 2005 National Downhill Champion. 2006 National GS Champion
 * Dana Murzyn - An NHL defenceman who, in 1985, was the first round draft pick of the Hartford Whalers. He was later traded to the Calgary Flames where he was a member of the 1989 Stanley Cup championship team.
 * Curtis Myden - Olympic bronze medalist swimmer in three consecutive Summer Olympics starting in 1992.
 * Nattie Neidhart - Professional wrestler in WWE
 * Alison Redford - Premier of Alberta and leader of Progressive Conservative Party of Alberta from 2011 to 2014.
 * Chris Renaud - Medal winning swimmer in the 1994 and 1998 Commonwealth Games. He also competed in the 2000 Olympics and has won multiple Canadian championships.
 * Jeff Schultz - NHL defenceman with the Washington Capitals. Played with the Calgary Hitmen while attending Bishop Carroll, and graduated in 2004.
 * Tyler Seitz - Competed in the 1998 and 2002 Olympics in luge.
 * Tyler Sloan - Professional hockey player with the Washington Capitals, Milwaukee Admirals, Hersey Bears. Graduated in 1999
 * Danielle Smith - Broadcaster and former leader of the provincial Wildrose Party, 19th Premier of Alberta.
 * Michael Soroka - Major League Baseball pitcher with the Atlanta Braves.
 * Mark Tewksbury - Olympic gold medalist in 1992 Summer Olympics in 100 meter backstroke
 * Hayley Wickenheiser - Olympic gold medalist with the Canadian Women's National Hockey Team at the 2002, 2006 and 2010 Winter games.
 * Ryan Yip - Professional Golf Player on the Canadian Tour. Played on Kent State Golf Team. Quarter-finalist in the 2005 U.S. Amateur. Semi-finalist in the 2006 U.S. Amateur

title: Bishop Carroll High School (Calgary)


text:
Kendall Gammon

Kendall Robert Gammon (born October 23, 1968) is an American former professional football player who was a long snapper and center for three teams in the National Football League (NFL). In 2004, Gammon was the first pure long snapper to be selected for the Pro Bowl. Gammon served as the analyst for the Kansas City Chiefs radio broadcasts until 2019.

College career
Gammon attended Pittsburg State University, where he was a captain of the football team his junior and senior year. He played tight end, offensive tackle, guard and also handled the long snapping. In 1991, Gammon was a part of the team coached by Chuck Broyles that won the Division II National Championship.

NFL career
Gammon was selected 291st overall in the 1992 NFL draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers. For the Steelers, he was the long snapper and backup center from 1992 to 1995.

After spending four years with the New Orleans Saints, Gammon signed with the Chiefs as a free agent in February 2000. He was named to the Pro Bowl in 2005 as a special teams player, long snapping for the AFC team. Gammon was the first pure long snapper to be selected for the Pro Bowl.

Gammon played in 218 consecutive games and appeared in Super Bowl XXX with the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1995.

After the NFL
In January 2008, Gammon returned to Pittsburg State, in Pittsburg, Kansas. He serves as the university’s Director of Development for Intercollegiate Athletics.

Gammon was the co-owner of Paradise Nursery, a retail/wholesale distributor of nursery products in Kansas City, which was sold in 2013.

Gammon has written two books, Life's a Snap: Building on the Past to Improve Your Future (ISBN 978-0981557403) and Game Plan: Leadership Lessons from the Best of the NFL (ISBN 978-0981557410).

Gammon was on-air talent for the Chiefs Radio Network from 2008–2020, ending as the game color analyst following the retirement of Chiefs Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Len Dawson.

Personal life
Gammon married his college sweetheart while attending Pittsburg State. His son Blaise graduated from Kansas State where he played tight end.

title: Kendall Gammon