text:
Talk:Collective

Comments
I think an important distinction to make here is between open and closed collective. I have been in and valued collectives that have been 'open' that is open to anyone to join by turning up and becoming active. The special value these types of collectives (or networks) have is that they are permeable to cultural influences from the wider host culture. e.g. Brixton Artists CollectiveThis may make such formations capable of a level of innovative response that closed collectives are not so capable of if we take out definition of the central function of culture to be 'a continual reassessment of the totality'.

I'll see what discussion occurs before amending the front page... Of course it is not easy to define open ness - there are many varieties and degrees of open ness.

Szczels 16:27, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

Definition update and citation suggestion
I don't know how to do the right markup on the main article page, so thought I'd just add here the details in case someone would like to update the text and add a citation for the definition: "...the collective is a group in which interpersonal relations are mediated by the socially valuable and personally significant content of joint activity." Page 85 of the English translation of 'Studies in Psychology: The Collective and the Individual', authored by A.V.Petrovsky, published by Progress Publishers, Moscow in 1985.

Murder
We fight for justice we want justice 2409:4063:4E9F:400E:223C:C9D3:47B0:6AD0 (talk) 12:54, 13 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Collective


text:
Richard Gwyn (Canadian writer)

Richard John Philip Jermy Gwyn (May 26, 1934 – August 15, 2020) was a Canadian journalist, author, historian, and civil servant.

Early life
Richard Gwyn was born on May 26, 1934, in Bury St. Edmunds, England. He was the second son to Brigadier Philip Eustace Congreve Jermy Gwyn, an Indian Army officer, and Elizabeth Edith Jermy Gwyn (née Tilley), eldest daughter of Sir John Anthony Cecil Tilley. His older brother died in infancy.

At the age of 20, in 1954, he emigrated to Canada.

Education
Gwyn was educated at Stonyhurst College, a co-educational Jesuit-run Roman Catholic boarding school in Lancashire, England. He also attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.

Career
Gwyn began his career as a radio reporter in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

From 1957 to 1959, Gwyn was the parliamentary correspondent for United Press International, in Ottawa. Later in 1959 to 1960, he worked for Thomson Newspapers. From 1960 to 1962, he was the Ottawa editor for Maclean-Hunter Business Publications. From 1962 to 1968, he worked for Time Canada as a parliamentary correspondent and contributing editor. From 1968 to 1970, he was the executive assistant to the Minister of Communications, Eric Kierans. From 1970 to 1973, he was the director-general, socio-economic planning in the Department of Communications.

In 1973, Gwyn joined The Toronto Star and worked as a national affairs columnist until 1985. He then became an international affairs columnist later that year until 1992. He continued to write columns on public affairs for the Star, on a freelance basis, until 2016.

As an author, he is best known for his 1980 contemporary biography of Pierre Elliot Trudeau, The Northern Magus, and for a two-volume historical biography of Sir John A. Macdonald. The first volume of his Macdonald biography, The Man Who Made Us, won the Charles Taylor Prize for Literary Non-Fiction in 2008. The second volume, Nation Maker: Sir John A. Macdonald: His Life, Our Times; Volume Two: 1867-1891, won the Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing in 2012 and was a finalist for the Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction and the Hilary Weston Writers' Trust Prize for Nonfiction.

From 1983 to 1987 he and Robert Fulford co-hosted the long-form interview show Realities on TVOntario. Gwyn also appeared weekly as a panellist from 1994 to 2006 on TVO's Studio 2 and Diplomatic Immunity and was an occasional guest on The Agenda until 2017.

Personal and later life
Four years after emigrating to Canada, Gwyn married Sandra Gwyn in 1958. Their marriage lasted till her death on May 26, 2000, due to breast cancer. Gwyn subsequently remarried to Carol Bishop-Gwyn, and after residing in the Cabbagetown neighbourhood of Toronto, he moved with his wife into a condominium in the Lawrence Park neighbourhood.

On November 29, 2001, Gwyn was appointed chancellor of St. Jerome's University at the University of Waterloo and was installed on March 17, 2002. The same year, he became an Officer of the Order of Canada.

Gwyn ceased writing his column in 2016 and made his last appearance as a television panellist in 2017. He had been living with Alzheimer's disease for several years and resided at Dunfield Retirement Residence, an assisted living facility in midtown Toronto. He died from Alzheimer's on August 15, 2020.

Major works

 * The Shape of Scandal: A Study of a Government in Crisis. 1965.
 * Smallwood, The Unlikely Revolutionary. 1965.
 * The Northern Magus: Pierre Trudeau and Canadians, McClelland & Stewart, Toronto, 1980.
 * The 49th Paradox: Canada in North America. 1985.
 * Nationalism Without Walls. 1995.
 * John A.: The Man Who Made Us. 2007.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Richard Gwyn (Canadian writer)


text:
National landmark

A National landmark may refer to:

Canada

 * National Landmarks (Canada)

Saint Lucia

 * National Landmark, a type of protected area managed by the Saint Lucia National Trust

United States

 * National Historic Landmark
 * National Natural Landmark
 * National Landmark of Soaring, a designation for people, places and events significant in the history of gliders and motorless aviation

title: National landmark


text:
David Penhaligon

David Charles Penhaligon (6 June 1944 – 22 December 1986) was a British politician from Cornwall who was Liberal Member of Parliament for the constituency of Truro from 1974–86. He was a popular figure in all parties and had potential to be a front-runner for the party leadership had he not been killed in a car accident. In 2014 a Crowdfunder campaign was launched to record his life's work and impact.

Background
Penhaligon was born on D-Day at Truro Nursing Home and was brought up in Truro. He was a cousin of actress Susan Penhaligon. He attended Truro School, and then Cornwall Technical College where he studied mechanical engineering. Penhaligon worked for Holman Brothers in Camborne as a research and development engineer working on rock drilling. As an interesting anecdote, he was also a part-time DJ in Truro, where he once encountered 14 year old Roger Taylor, subsequently the Queen drummer. This happened at a musical event, that he compered in Truro City Hall, during 1964. By 1973 he had qualified as a Chartered Mechanical Engineer; he also took over from his father a sub-post office in Chacewater from 1967 (after his marriage in 1968 to Annette Lidgey, she ran the business). His Liberal activities led to some work in local broadcasting.

Penhaligon's decision to join the Liberal Party was inspired in 1963 when, aged 19, he was an important witness to a murder case. His evidence, which supported the case of the defendant Dennis Whitty, was not enough to prevent Whitty from being convicted and hanged. Penhaligon was appalled by the practice of capital punishment. He led the Truro Young Liberals and built up the local party (which had been the weakest in Cornwall) into one of the strongest; he was the chair of the Cornish Young Liberals from 1966 to 1968. However he was not selected as Liberal candidate for Truro in the 1966 general election (nor for any other seat), and he was also rejected for Falmouth and Camborne in 1968 apparently because his strong Cornish accent was thought unattractive.

In the 1970 general election he fought the Devon constituency of Totnes when the previous candidate Paul Tyler transferred to Bodmin. He polled poorly in the context of an election in which the party as a whole suffered. However, Penhaligon had acquired useful experience of fighting election campaigns and picked up additional tips from Wallace Lawler's practices in inner-city Birmingham.

Campaigning in Truro
In 1971 Penhaligon was easily selected as candidate for Truro, a seat which did not look an easier prospect than Totnes. This gave him three years in which to get his name known and meet his prospective constituents (a practice known as 'nursing' a constituency) and when the election came in February 1974 he won nearly 21,000 votes and cut the majority of the sitting Conservative MP to 2,561. Truro became the fourth 'target' constituency for the Liberals for the next election — which would take place within months because of the inconclusive outcome in February.

Parliamentary career
Penhaligon was readopted and worked on trying to persuade the remaining Labour voters in the seat to back him. In the October 1974 election he was elected with a majority of 464 votes – the only Liberal gain of that election. Due to House of Commons rules on 'offices of profit under the crown' he transferred his sub-postmastership to his wife. In Parliament he swiftly won a reputation for humorous speeches, urging a national minimum wage and increased state pensions. He voted for fellow Cornish MP John Pardoe over David Steel in the Liberal leadership election of 1976. He was hard to place in conventional political terms: he changed his mind over capital punishment, initially voting against in December 1974, but supporting it in December 1975.

Although frequently speaking on national issues, it was clear that Penhaligon's main concern was local. He became known in particular for defending the Cornish tin mining industry and the local Fishing fleets. He spoke with conviction and knowledge about the problems of rural areas in Cornwall with road fuel costs and inadequate infrastructure.

Tourism, ice cream and deckchairs
In a speech made at Camborne in support of the miners he famously said:

You need more in an economy than just tourism, ice cream and deckchairs. Our mining industry is not a figment of the last decade or the last two decades. It has occupied Cornishmen and it has produced wealth for this century, the previous century and probably the last two thousand years; and what we’re asking the government to do is to recognise the great contribution we have made for the wealth of Britain, and in this time of great trial and tribulation to come to our assistance – that’s what we’re asking our government to do.

Lib-Lab pact
When the Lib–Lab pact was first mooted in March 1977, Penhaligon was initially opposed and spoke against it. He later came round and told the Liberal Assembly in September 1977 that it had achieved an 'economic revolution'. At a special Assembly in January 1978 he was a star speaker in persuading the delegates representing Liberal members to continue the pact. The pact allowed the Liberals to influence government legislation and Penhaligon objected to proposals from Tony Benn for an Electricity Industry Bill which would centralise control, which single-handedly prevented any progress.

Part of Penhaligon's support for the Lib-Lab pact was his fear that an early general election would result in a poor performance for the Liberals, and his own seat might be vulnerable. In October 1978 after the pact had lapsed, he explained that "Turkeys don't volunteer for Christmas!". The scandal over former party leader Jeremy Thorpe, who was charged with conspiracy to murder in August 1978, was a matter of particular concern and Penhaligon urged Thorpe to stand down and the Liberal Party not to endorse him. When Thorpe did seek re-election, Penhaligon refused to help his campaign.

Despite his narrow majority and the belief that he was the most vulnerable of the Liberal MPs, Penhaligon kept his seat with a much larger majority (8,708) in the 1979 general election. Against the Conservative government, he strongly opposed nuclear power. Against the majority of Liberal Party members he strongly supported NATO and nuclear weapons, describing a separate European non-nuclear defence as 'akin to a behaving like a virgin in a brothel', although he supported demands for 'dual key control' of United States cruise missiles based in Britain.

In the Alliance
Penhaligon supported the SDP–Liberal Alliance from the start, although he resented SDP attempts to take control of the Liberal Party's target seats. He was named in January 1982 as one of the 'firemen' who would sort out any disagreements between the parties (John Horam was his SDP counterpart). He was particularly prominent and impressive in the 1983 election campaign in which he spoke for the Liberal Party on Transport, Industry and Energy; Hugo Young described him as having "a closer grasp of national electoral politics ... than any other Liberal MP". Following the election he became an early proponent of a merger between the SDP and the Liberals under a single leader, largely to avoid disputes over allocations of Parliamentary seats.

Death and legacy
From 1983 Penhaligon headed the Liberal by-election unit which planned the campaigns in individual seats. At the Liberal Assembly in September 1984 he was chosen as President-elect of the Liberal Party (the first sitting MP to be elected to the post), and served as Party President from 1985 to 1986. This carried with it the job of presiding over the Liberal Assembly at the end of his term, which saw a party split over defence policy and whether to support nuclear weapons; Penhaligon did not intervene, something he regretted afterwards.

He was appointed as Chief spokesman on the economy in 1985; though admitting he had no financial experience, he challenged the Conservative policy on privatisation and monetarism. He was a central figure in planning the Alliance general election campaign at the time of his death.

At 6.45 am on 22 December 1986, he was travelling to a post office to meet workers there when a van skidded on an icy road and hit his Rover SD1 car near Truck Fork, Probus, Cornwall. Penhaligon was pronounced dead at the scene. The van driver was not prosecuted for the accident. The inquest held in March 1987 strongly suggested that Penhaligon was not wearing a seat belt at the time of the crash, nor was the driver of the van, who was thrown out of his vehicle and suffered two broken legs as a result. Penhaligon's injuries were extensive fracture of his ribs and fracture of the neck vertebrae. The cause of death was damage to the aorta as well as massive damage to the spleen and liver.

From July 1986, Penhaligon had employed Matthew Taylor, a University of Oxford graduate, as his research assistant on the economy; Taylor was selected to follow him as Liberal candidate for Truro and was duly returned in the 1987 Truro by-election.

Penhaligon's widow wrote his biography in 1989; his son Matthew has previously been an active member of the Liberal Democrats and was the party's candidate for the Mayoralty of Hackney in May 2006.

Penhaligon Award
The Liberal Democrats remember Penhaligon's ability to recruit and enthuse members through the Penhaligon Award, a trophy presented annually at the party's autumn party conference to the Local Party which demonstrates the greatest increase in party membership together with activities to develop and involve members and activists.

title: David Penhaligon


text:
Robin egg blue

Robin egg blue, also called eggshell blue or robin's-egg blue, is a shade of teal (a blue-green color), approximating the shade of the eggs laid by the American robin, an abundant songbird of North America. The egg pigment is biliverdin, a product of the breakdown of heme.

The first recorded use of robin egg blue as a color name in English was in 1873, though earlier references to colors similar to that of robin's eggs were made as early as 1844.

Tiffany Blue
Tiffany Blue is the trademarked name for the light medium tone of robin egg blue associated with Tiffany & Co., the New York City jewelry company.

title: Robin egg blue


text:
Douglas Adams at the BBC

Douglas Adams at the BBC is a three CD set released by BBC Audio in 2004 (ISBN 0-563-49404-2). By using extracts from many radio and TV productions, the three discs cover Douglas Adams's association with BBC Radio and TV from 1974 to 2001, and also include tributes to Adams that were transmitted between 2001 and 2003. Subjects are covered in an A-Z format (thus becoming an "A-Z of Douglas Adams"). Linking narration on all three discs is provided by Simon Jones. Several of the sketches, many of which are included for the first time since their original transmissions, had been discussed in biographies of Adams (e.g. Don't Panic by Neil Gaiman and Wish You Were Here by Nick Webb). In addition, the complete script for "The Lost Hitchhiker Sketch" appears in the 25th anniversary edition of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: The Original Radio Scripts. Disc one covers subjects A to G, disc two covers subjects H to P, and disc three covers subjects Q to Z.

Subjects

 * A: Animals: The aye-aye lemur and the Amazonian manatee, with excerpts from the radio series version of Last Chance to See
 * B: The Burkiss Way, including sketches by Adams
 * C: Computer Games (including the 1985 computer game adaptation of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and Starship Titanic)
 * D: Dirk Gently
 * E: Endangered Species
 * F: Footlights Revue
 * G: Graham Chapman
 * H: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Future, Adams's final radio documentary series for BBC Radio 4
 * I: The Internet
 * J: "Keeping up with the Joneses" - an extract from Adams's radio tribute to Peter Jones in 2000.
 * K: The Kakapo Parrot
 * L: "The Lost Hitchhiker Sketch" - Sheila Steafel interviewing Simon Jones, in character as Arthur Dent from the radio show Steafel Plus, written by Adams.
 * L (continued): Light Entertainment, including an extract from Black Cinderella Two Goes East
 * M: Music and The Meaning of Liff
 * N: News Huddlines
 * O: Oh No, It Isn't - with a sketch from this 1970s radio series written by Adams.
 * P: Publishing and Performing
 * Q: Quiz Shows
 * R: The Rodrigues Fruit Bat
 * S: Science
 * T: Technology
 * U: The Universe
 * V: Virtual Reality
 * W: Doctor Who with extracts from The Pirate Planet
 * X: Extra-Terrestrial Life
 * Y: The Yangtze River Dolphin
 * Z: Zoology

Note: The CD set was released in early September 2004, after the Tertiary Phase of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy had been recorded, but before transmissions began. The earliest material on the set is from August 1974 (with material Adams had written while a student at Cambridge) and the most recent extracts are from the TV and radio tributes to Adams from August and September 2001 and March 2003.

title: Douglas Adams at the BBC


text:
Category:Gaeltacht places

This category brings together the places in which the Irish language was still spoken as the main language when Gaeltachts were created. These places are known collectively as the Gaeltacht.

title: Category:Gaeltacht places


text:
Talk:Stencil shadow volume

Merge?
I put up a basic page called Shadow Volume a while back; this page is essentially a duplicate of that. Neither page is close to complete, but we should make some attempt to merge the two. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Staz69uk (talk • contribs) 23:06, 29 May 2005.

 * Done. Rainwarrior 23:00, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

One or zero?
Not sure about it but I though the area is in shadow when the stencil value is one, and not zero. At least that's what is working in my test application and in my head. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Dunge (talk • contribs) 20:49, 31 January 2006.

Image
I think a picture would be nice here and make it easier to understand.

Carmack's reverse merge
Carmack's reverse probably has as much information as it ever will have. It doesn't really belong in its own article; it is just a way of producing accurate shadow volumes. There's not much to say about it, so why not put it in the shadow volume article? - Rainwarrior 23:54, 8 July 2006 (UTC)
 * MERGE I also think we should merge this with the Shadow volume article. However, it should be done by someone who has a clear understanding of the subject matter. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ayavaron (talk • contribs) 20:26, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll start working on it. I'd like to put them all in Shadow volume. - Rainwarrior 21:26, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stencil shadow volume


text:
Pájara

Pájara is a municipality in the southwestern portion of the island of Fuerteventura in the Province of Las Palmas in the Canary Islands as well as the name of its largest town. Its population is 20,931 (2013), and the area is 383.52 km2. Pájara is both the southernmost and the westernmost municipality on the island. Pájara is also the largest municipality on the island. The largest towns in the municipality of Pájara are Morro Jable and Costa Calma, both situated on the coast. The small port Ajuy is situated in the north of the municipality, near Betancuria. The Jandía peninsula is part of the municipality.

Geology
Fuerteventura is the oldest island in the Canary Islands, dating back 20 million years to a volcanic eruption from the Canary hotspot. The majority of the island was created about 5 million years ago and since then has been eroded by wind and precipitation. On the seabed off the West coast of the island rests an enormous slab of bedrock 22 km long and 11 km wide, which appears to have slid off the island largely intact at some point in prehistory, similar to the predicted future collapse of Cumbre Vieja, a geological fault on another Canary Island, La Palma. The last volcanic activity in Fuerteventura occurred between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago.

The highest point in Fuerteventura is Pico de la Zarza (807 m) in the Southwestern part of the island. Geographical features include Istmo de la Pared, which is 5 km wide and is the narrowest part of Fuerteventura. The island is divided into two parts, the northern portion which is Maxorata and the southwestern part called the Jandía peninsula.

Beaches
Fuerteventura was chosen among 500 European destinations by the Quality Coast International Certification Program of the European Coastal and Marine Union as one of the most attractive tourist destinations for visitors interested in cultural heritage, environment and sustainability.

The church of Nuestra Señora de Regla in Pájara
The church of Nuestra Señora de Regla in Pájara town has interesting sculptures of sun pattern, snakes, panther and birds above the main entrance. It is thought by some experts to show Aztec influence.

title: Pájara


text:
Midnight blue

Midnight blue is a dark shade of blue named for its resemblance to the apparently blue color of a moonlit night sky around a full moon. Midnight blue is identifiably blue to the eye in sunlight or full-spectrum light, but can appear black under certain more limited spectra sometimes found in artificial lighting (especially early 20th-century incandescent). It is similar to navy, which is also a dark blue.

X11
There are two major shades of midnight blue—the X11 color and the Crayola color. This color was originally called midnight. The first recorded use of midnight as a color name in English was in 1915.

At right is displayed the color midnight blue. This is the X11 web color midnight blue.

Dark midnight blue (Crayola)
At right is displayed the dark shade of midnight blue that is called midnight blue in Crayola crayons. Midnight blue became an official crayola color in 1958; before that, since having been formulated by Crayola in 1903, it was called Prussian blue.

Higher education

 * Hatfield College, part of Durham University, uses midnight blue as its associated color

Fashion

 * Midnight blue is an alternative to black as a color for dinner jackets. Due to the deepness of the color, midnight blue formal clothes are often almost indistinguishable from black. The Duke of Windsor popularized the color in suits and tuxedos.

Military

 * The dark blue of US Army and US Marine Corps dress blue uniform coats is called midnight blue.
 * The British Army Special Reconnaissance Regiment uses midnight blue on its stable belts, as a flat color all round.

Sports

 * The Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association use midnight blue and sunshine yellow as their official team colors.
 * The University of Toledo Rockets use midnight blue and gold as their official team colors.
 * The Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League used midnight blue as an official team color from 1996 to 2012.
 * The New York Yankees use midnight blue and white as their official team colors.

Music

 * In 1963, American jazz guitarist Kenny Burrell released the album Midnight Blue.
 * In 1975, Melissa Manchester released "Midnight Blue".
 * In 1979, the album, Discovery, released by British symphonic rock turned disco band Electric Light Orchestra, contained a song named "Midnight Blue."
 * In 1987, rock vocalist Lou Gramm released a single entitled "Midnight Blue".
 * In 2022, Taylor Swift began wearing midnight blue outfits as part of the promotion for her Midnights album. A year later, she sported wearing similarly colored costumes the last act of her Eras Tour.

title: Midnight blue


text: User talk:219.93.174.107

title: User talk:219.93.174.107


text:
Talk:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Wording in "notable ideas" field of Infobox, citation linking to primary source having nothing to do with article sentence
Contested Edits
 * this
 * and this

As I explained in the edit summaries, "Replaced "absolute monotheism" with "puritanism", as he can't be said to be the one who introduced the doctrine of "absolute monotheism", as affirmed by brown p.245, he called for a return to it." , ""Replaced "oppposition to religious innovations" to "opposition to sufism", more specific" - this is supported by sources in the article and other sources, we can bring them and discuss them on the talk page if you'd like. I do not contest that we find the wording in the source, but the infobox details "notable idea(s)" and "absolute monotheism" is not a new idea.

I will revert the infobox content and await for your reply, please try and come to a consensus on here rather than reverting, biting on my talk page or leaving a misleading edit summary that lumps me in with IP vandals. ParthikS8 (talk) 14:47, 1 July 2020 (UTC)

Thank you for your reply. I'm fully aware that Wahhab didn't invent the concept of "absolute, unadulterated monotheism" within Islam, and that he wasn't the first to criticize religious innovations, prayers and devotional practices towards saints, tombs and shrines within Islam; in fact, the sources clearly state that he was considered (and regarded himself) more as a puritanical-revivalist preacher and reformer rather than an experienced scholar, but his "uncompromising message of strict monotheism that shunned many popular religious practices", which he deemed idolatrous, constitutes the ideological core of Wahhab's doctrine and theology, and, as I said before, the sources state that he criticized and opposed devotional practices that were widespread among all Sunni Muslims during his lifetime, not only those who adhered to Sufism; in fact, his own family and brother,  who were Hanbali jurists just like him, rejected his teachings alongside most Islamic scholars...  and they were not Sufis. Therefore, to make Wahhab simply look like an anti-Sufi puritan would be incorrect and a misrepresentation of his religious thought. Moreover, I disagree with presenting Wahhab's doctrine as "Salafi", because that would be partially incorrect: according to David Commins, the tendency to refer to Wahhab's doctrine as Salafi "is a recent development that first emerged among Wahhabism's defenders outside Arabia well before Wahhabis themselves adopted the term." --GenoV84 (talk) 18:00, 1 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the reply, I'd like to apologise for my rudeness above.

 * I very much agree with you that he was not just opposed to Sufism, as you have shown (although you didn't cite a particular source to show his father/brother were non-Sufis, I think we will both agree that he was opposed to more than just Sufism, based off the sources in the article). The question now is one of compromise and wording. I think we should keep the point on puritanism and sufism, as I have provided an explicit source for these in the article. At the same time, I agree with you that we would be mischaracterising him if we said that he was solely opposed to Sufism.

I think that first these should be made seperate ideas, so "Puritanism Opposition to Sufism" On the third line we should use a term that captures exactly what he is against. Previously, the notable ideas field said "opposition to religious innovations within Islam" I am not sure this quite captures all that he was against and it seems to make a judgement that which he opposed were innovations (and such judgements are not for Wikipedia to make). I would suggest "Opposition to perceived religious innovations within Islam" but this is far too long, we need something succinct.
 * Currently it says, "Puritanism, opposition to Sufism"

 * As for him representing Salafi doctrine, this is simply what is reported by numerous sources.

 * In summary, I suggest we keep "Puritanism" on the first line, and then put "Opposition to Sufism", on the next line down, and finally we should think of what to put on the third line. I am personally drawing a blank. Perhaps you can find sources which expound on exactly what his brother/father opposed him in, as the article just says they opposed his doctrine. ParthikS8 (talk) 20:53, 2 July 2020 (UTC)

 * On a sidenote, you will note the title of this section.
 * The following IP,, has re-added the content that both of us removed. Also numerous IPs seem to be adding content without sources/ explanation. Perhaps page protection is in order? ParthikS8 (talk) 20:58, 2 July 2020 (UTC)

 * It's fine, don't worry about that. Thank you for your suggestions, and... I think we should propose page protection if vandals continue with their disruptive editing, but for the moment we should limit ourselves to warn them.
 * Before I begin to address the issue with "Puritanism" and "Opposition to Sufism" (which I agree with), I want to clarify one of my previous statements: when I said, referring to Wahhab's doctrine, that qualifying it as "Salafi" is partially incorrect, I didn't mean that it's wrong, but simply that it would be anachronistic, because Wahhabis adopted the term "Salafi" as a self-designation much later. Indeed, Wahhab's first followers denominated themselves as ahl al-Tawhid and al-Muwahhidun   ("Unitarians", or "those who affirm/defend the unity of God"),     and were called Wahhabis by their opponents.   According to Professor Abdullah Saeed, Wahhab should be considered one of the "Precursors" of the modern Salafi movement rather than a full-fledged modern Salafi, because he predates modern Salafism. Nevertheless, the Wahhabi movement is considered "the most influential expression of Salafism of the Islamist sort, both for its role in shaping (some might say: 'creating') modern Islamism, and for disseminating salafi ideas widely across the Muslim world." --GenoV84 (talk) 00:35, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Regarding Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's brother, Sulayman ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, and their father, 'Abd al-Wahhab, they both disagreed with Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab and didn't share his doctrinal statements because they considered his teachings, and the way Wahhab intended to impose them in Arabia, too extreme and intolerant. According to the Arabian historian and Mufti of Mecca, Ahmad ibn al-Zayni Dahlan's account of the dispute between Wahhab and his brother Sulayman: "Sulayman [ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab] once asked his brother Muhammad [ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab], "How many are the pillars of Islam?" "Five," he answered. Sulayman replied, "No, you have added a sixth one: He who does not follow you is not a Muslim. This, to you, is the sixth pillar of Islam.""

Therefore, I think that the most appropriate insertion as the first line would be "Wahhabism", because it comprises Wahhab's theology and religious thought as a whole, then "Salafi Puritanism" as the second line and "Opposition to Sufism" as the third line, although he also opposed and criticized Shia Islam and the Ottoman Empire (the latter on a political and religious level), but these aren't new or notable ideas, as well as his opposition to Sufism and his puritanical-reformist approach to Sunni Muslim practices that he considered shirk and/or bidʻah.... In summary, if we had to indicate a specifically new and notable idea attributable only to Wahhab, it would be Wahhabism itself, since Wahhab is the founder of Wahhabism.--GenoV84 (talk) 13:38, 4 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Sorry for not responding earlier, I very much agree with your suggestions and have gone ahead and enacted them. Happy editing, ParthikS8 (talk) 20:08, 6 July 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 December 2021
Change "rafidah, which is an extreme Islamic sect" to "rafidah, which he regarded as an extreme Islamic sect".

Note: His view was subjective, so the article needs to make it clear that that was his view rather than stating it as a fact. David.webb271327 (talk) 14:20, 10 December 2021 (UTC)

 * From what I'm reading, it's the view of the source material, not the view of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, so the requested change would not be accurate. If this change should be made, you would need to provide a different source to be cited, and there may need to be a consensus supporting the change if we wind up with source material that says different things. ‑‑ El Hef  ( Meep? ) 18:40, 10 December 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 3 June 2022
It is absolutely ridiculous to have this guy's name in calligraphy rather than show his picture. He is not a saint by any means, do not glorify him like this while treating other religious figures with less respect. Insane. 73.211.240.226 (talk) 02:58, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

 * The absence of pictures has nothing to do with respect and everything to do with no pictures being available. —C.Fred (talk) 03:09, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:03, 23 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab.jpg

title: Talk:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab


text: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 May 30


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 May 30

Category:Lutheran cathedrals of the United States

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:17, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Lutheran polity in the US does not have cathedrals. This category consists of two churches from the Minneapolis-St. Paul area apparently chosen at random. Again, let me repeat that at least since the formation of the Lutheran Church in America in the 1960s there has been NO SUCH THING AS LUTHERAN CATHEDRALS in the US. EdwinHJ | Talk 19:43, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Edwin's arguement. MicahMN | Talk 00:05, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: The Lutheran Church in America is only one of many Lutheran denominations in the U.S., some go back farther than the 1960s. Are we sure that no Lutheran denominations uses cathedrals. At a guess I would say yes, but I don't know for certain. Rmhermen 01:10, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * At this time there are NO Lutheran cathedrals in any of the eight largest Lutheran denominations in the US that account for 99+% of the Lutherans. There are no Lutheran cathedrals at present. Worthless categoryEdwinHJ | Talk 01:31, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Railway missing links

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:16, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Violates the "if you go to the article from the category, will it be obvious why it's there" rule. Would work much better as a well annotated list. SimonP 18:10, May 30, 2005 (UTC) Delete I'm amazed Railway missing links survived a vfd. Nobody seemed clear as to its purpose then. I think the premise is that there are hypothetical railway lines which would exist were existing lines joined up, and therefore these parts which would join existing lines up are missing links. Since this is an attempt to categorise something that only exists hypothetically, isn't that POV? Hiding 10:08, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * After looking at the category, and looking at Railway missing links, all I can say is .. I'm very confused ... --Azkar 18:17, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Open source games

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep --Kbdank71 14:09, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Redundant with the older Category:Free software games.--Eloquence* 14:53, May 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Open source and free software are two different things. Kaibabsquirrel 19:50, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * That is primarily an ideological distinction. In practical terms, all the games listed in this category are also free software games. What practical benefit is there to listing them under both titles? Looks more like a maintenance nightmare to me. Category:Free software games was here first, so by this general principle -- the same one we use to decide whether an article should be American or British English, for example -- I think this one should be deleted. If we must succumb to the silly distinction between FS and OS, we might as well use FLOSS and make both sides happy. I hope, however, we don't have to use that abhorrent name.--Eloquence* 06:54, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Interesting... anything open source is almost by definition free (since there's hardly any way of stopping them, but some older shareware games allowed people to purchase the source code for outrageous prices). But most free software is not open source. Given the amount of items in both I'd say they can exist side-by-side (or one as a subcat), so keep. Radiant_* 08:40, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * This whole field is a naming nightmare. You seem to mistake freeware ("free as in beer") for free software ("Libre" or "free as in speech", as endorsed by the Free Software Foundation), which in turn is closely related to, but not necessarily identical, to open source software As Eloquence said, the distinction is mostly ideological and carries little practical relevance. Category:Freeware games does indeed sound more useful than seperating "free" and "open source", so delete. -- grm_wnr Esc  09:08, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oops. Yes, I was confusing the two. But then we should keep this one, and rename Cat:Free software (so that we get 'gratis' software and 'libre' software in two cats). Radiant_* 12:17, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I agree with Radiant. The category open source games is fine but the cat free software needs to be renamed. --Mattwj2002 11:19, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Celebrities' Kids

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:03, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Let's not encourage the creation of articles about the non-notable children of celebrities. Of the three people currently listed, I have listed two for VfD for lack of notability. The third (Melora Hardin) is extremely stubbish, although it could be expanded, but we don't have an article about her father. RickK 06:29, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete, notability is not by default inheritable. Radiant_* 07:19, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Being a relative of a famous person does not automatically make you notable. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 11:21, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If the articles about a particular celebrity's family are even worth keeping, they should be put into a category about that particular celebrity. --Azkar 14:07, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. IMO, generally, info on a celebrities child should be in that celebrities article and if a celebrities' kid or family member is famous in their own right they should be listed in a more relevent category for example Category:American writers. -- Lochaber 14:56, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Celebrities' families

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:59, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

If a person is notable enough to have an article, then they're a celebrity in their own right. If they are notable only as bieng the relative of a celebrity, they shouldn't have an article. Either way, this category is unworkable. RickK 06:31, May 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong delete, notability is not by default inheritable. Radiant_* 07:19, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. James F. (talk) 10:42, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Being a relative of a famous person does not automatically make you notable. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 11:23, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If the articles about a particular celebrity's family are even worth keeping, they should be put into a category about that particular celebrity. --Azkar 14:07, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. IMO, generally, info on a celebrities child should be in that celebrities article and if a celebrities' kid or family member is famous in their own right they should be listed in a more relevent category for example Category:American actors. -- Lochaber 15:00, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Commission for Africa

The Commission for Africa, also known as the Blair Commission for Africa, was an initiative established by the British government to examine and provide impetus for development in Africa. Initiated in Spring 2004, its objectives include the generation of new ideas for development and to deliver implementation of existing international commitments towards Africa. African leaders form a majority of the 17 commissioners.

The report of the Commission was released in March 2005. The publication was welcomed by international agencies, who also urged caution. "The proof of the Africa Commission’s worth will be in the political will and energy it manages to drum up to turn its recommendations into reality," said a spokesperson for Oxfam.

The Commission and its report had a clear impact upon the public debate in the UK, and to some extent elsewhere, on how development in Africa might be accelerated. At the G8 summit of world leaders in Gleneagles, Scotland that year, the report was seen as a blueprint for action by the G8. The Gleneagles summit pledged what the Commission report had asked for in terms of a doubling of aid and significant extensions of multilateral debt relief. But it failed to deliver what the Commission had demanded on trade – including an end to agricultural export subsidies by rich nations and end to 'reciprocity' in world trade negotiations.

The summit did, however, promise to implement 50 of the Commission's 90 recommendations including: $36bn of debt relief in 100% debt cancellation delivered for 19 countries; the launch of the UN Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF); doubling previous levels of aid for basic education, to remove school fees, and to scale up efforts to boost girls’ participation and female literacy; two million additional Africans given antiretroviral treatment for HIV/AIDS; immunisation programmes which have stopped the transmission  of polio everywhere except Nigeria; training 20,000 more African peacekeepers; tightening controls on the trade in small arms; working more closely with the African Union and its New Partnership for Africa (Nepad) programme to make African governments more accountable to their people; pressing rich nations to ratify the UN Convention on Corruption; putting in place measures to return cash looted by dictators from Western banks to the legitimate owners; and using export credits to clamp down on Western companies who pay bribes.

After the summit however the profile of the report faded but it clearly had a major impact on the delivery of policy, though it is not clear whether all the Commission recommendations which were pledged at Gleneagles will be fully implemented.

In April 2007, the Africa Progress Panel (APP) was launched as an independent authority on Africa to focus world leaders' attention on delivering their commitments to the continent. The Panel, chaired by Kofi Annan, is composed of Michel Camdessus, Peter Eigen, Bob Geldof, Graça Machel, Strive Masiyiwa, Linah Mohohlo, Robert Rubin, and Tidjane Thiam.

On 13 September 2010, the Commission launched a second report, Still Our Common Interest, looking at what had happened since the last report – both in Africa and against the individual recommendations made in 2005. It found that, despite considerable progress towards the Millennium Development Goals in many African countries, Africa's economic success over the preceding five years had yet to be translated into economic benefits for the majority of Africans. The report noted that there had been progress against many of the recommendations, but very little movement in the area of trade reform, in particular. It made new recommendations on how to ensure that the promise of Africa's accelerated economic growth was converted into development across the sub-Saharan African region. It called on African countries to continue reforms that would make it easier to invest and do business and on African governments to fulfill their commitments to spending on health, education, water, sanitation and infrastructure. It called for continued and expanding aid from developed countries, but reiterated the importance of making progress on increasing Africa's share of global trade. It is stated that one per cent of global trade is worth $195 billion to Africa in 2009 – five times the amount it received in aid.

Commissioners

 * Tony Blair (Chair) – Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Envoy of the Quartet on the Middle East
 * Fola Adeola – Chairman of the FATE Foundation (Nigeria)
 * K. Y. Amoako – Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Africa and Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations, (Ghana)
 * Nancy Kassebaum Baker – Former Senator (United States)
 * Hilary Benn – Former Secretary of State for International Development (United Kingdom)
 * Gordon Brown – Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * Michel Camdessus – Africa Personal Representative (France)
 * Bob Geldof – Musician and founder of Live Aid (Ireland)
 * Ralph Goodale – Former Finance Minister (Canada)
 * Ji Peiding – Member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and its Foreign Affairs Committee (China)
 * William S. Kalema – chairman of the board of the Uganda Investment Authority (Uganda)
 * Trevor Manuel – Minister of Finance (South Africa)
 * Benjamin Mkapa – Former President of Tanzania
 * Linah Mohohlo – Governor of the Bank of Botswana (Botswana)
 * Tidjane Thiam – Group Strategy and Development Director Aviva PLC, (Côte d'Ivoire)
 * Anna Tibaijuka – Director of UN HABITAT and Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations (Tanzania)
 * Meles Zenawi – Prime Minister of Ethiopia (died on 20 August 2012)

title: Commission for Africa


text:
Soco

Soco, SOCO, or SoCo may refer to:

Organizations

 * Saskatchewan Opportunities Corporation, a provincial crown corporation in Saskatchewan, Canada
 * Society for Community Organization, a non-governmental and human rights advocacy group in Hong Kong
 * SOCO International, an oil and gas exploration and production company, headquartered in London
 * SoCo Music Project, a community music organization based in Southampton, England

Places

 * South Coast (Massachusetts), the coast of Massachusetts and Rhode Island
 * Soco Gap, a mountain pass in North Carolina, United States
 * Soco River, Dominican Republic
 * Socos District, Huamanga province, Peru
 * South Congress, Austin, Texas, United States
 * Sokho, an ancient town in Israel or the West Bank

Other uses

 * S.O.C.O. (Scene of the Crime Operatives), a reality public service program in the Philippines
 * "Soco" (song), by Starboy, featuring Wizkid, Terri, Spotless and Ceeza Milli
 * Chaco socos, a spider of family Nemesiidae
 * Scenes of crime officer, an officer who gathers forensic evidence for the British police
 * Scene of the Crime Operations, the forensic arm of the Philippine National Police
 * Soco Monument, a monument in East Java, Indonesia
 * Something Corporate, an American rock band.
 * Southern Comfort, an American liqueur.

title: Soco


text: User talk:4.250.168.100

title: User talk:4.250.168.100


text:
Clone town

Clone town is a term for a town where the High Street or other major shopping areas are significantly dominated by chain stores, thus making that town indistinct from other town centres. The term was coined by the New Economics Foundation (NEF), a British think tank, in the 2004 report on "Clone Town Britain".

The report further elaborates the definition as follows: 'Clone towns' occur where 'the individuality of high street shops has been replaced by a monochrome strip of global and national chains' as opposed to 'Home Town' which is a 'place that retains its character and is individually recognizable and distinct to the people who live there, as well as those who visit '.

A survey conducted by the NEF in 2005 estimated that 41% of towns in the UK and 48% of London villages could be considered clone towns, with the trend rising. Alternatively, clone town can also be looked upon as a stage of growth of retail market i.e. from out of town retail parks and shopping centers to so-called clone towns dominated by chains.

Controversy
The NEF report argued that the spread of clone towns is highly damaging to society because of the removal of diversity:

 * Small business lost out to larger chains. Between 1997 and 2002, independent general stores were estimated to close at the rate of one per day, and specialist stores at the rate of 50 per week; customers chose to shop elsewhere.
 * Consolidation of large amounts of distribution power in the hands of these companies might lead to danger. For example, magazine editors lobbied the Prime Minister to act to prevent a situation in which a few supermarket brands could control the distribution of magazines and thus effectively censor any publication that they did not like or even force it out of business. The report also found that many suppliers, such as farmers, feared making any public criticism of chain retailers, as the retailer could simply cut their distribution and force them out of business.
 * Related to both of the above is the danger of the loss of regional colour. For example, the NEF report found that many supermarket branches in Scotland did not carry, or did not stock, regional Scottish publications.
 * The tendency for chain stores and, in particular, supermarkets to locate out of town means that they purchase land that could have been used for housing and thus drive up housing prices since less land is available. This same effect contributes to urban or suburban sprawl and environmental degradation.
 * Chain stores and especially supermarkets tend to carry only the few most popular products in certain ranges (for example, the most popular computer games, books and DVDs). Thus, they reduce the range of choice available and remove the most profitable business upon which companies offering greater choice would depend
 * Clone towns create a negative branding effect of a place i.e. minimize the differentiation or an incentive to shop from a particular high street or a place

The NEF report also notes that the creation of chain stores and supermarkets has been in part a response to the consolidation of retail land ownership in the UK. Retailers are forced to consolidate to have any leverage over landlords that have already consolidated.

Other commentators have raised concerns regarding the loss of "sociability" offered by traditional shopping: "the demise of the small shop would mean that people will not just be disadvantaged in their role as consumers but also as members of communities – the erosion of small shops is viewed as the erosion of the 'social glue' that binds communities together, entrenching social exclusion in the UK".

Examples
The 2005 survey rated Exeter as the worst example of a clone town in the UK, with only a single independent store in the city's high street and less diversity (in terms of different categories of shop) than any other town surveyed. As of 2019, this final independent shop has closed.

Other extreme clone towns in England include Stafford, Middlesbrough, Weston-super-Mare and Winchester.

title: Clone town


text:
Talk:Broadcasting House (radio programme)

[Untitled]
As far as I recall, BH actually commissioned Martin Jarvis to read either "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire" or "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets", shortly after Radio 4 had broadcast in one go the unabridged reading of "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" as recorded by Mr Stephen Fry at length between nine and ten hours. I'm not sure which, but I think "Goblet of Fire" was the latest book in the series at the time, and least likely to be "given away" on radio!

But not "Philosopher's Stone", I think, because the station had just done it!

-- rja.carnegie@excite.com


text:
Přelouč

Přelouč is a town in Pardubice District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 10,000 inhabitants.

Administrative parts
The villages of Klenovka, Lhota, Lohenice, Mělice, Škudly, Štěpánov and Tupesy are administrative parts of Přelouč. Tupesy forms an exclave of the municipal territory.

Etymology
The name is derived from Czech přes louku, i.e. "across the meadow". It refers to the place where people walked across the meadows.

Geography
Přelouč is located about 13 km west of Pardubice. It lies on the border between the Svitavy Uplands and East Elbe Table, in the Polabí region. The highest point is at 294 m above sea level. The town is situated on the left bank of the Elbe.

There are several water bodies in the municipal territory. North of the town are flooded gravel quarries, which are used mainly for recreation and water sports. North of the town is also the fishpond Buňkov, the largest water body of Přelouč. In the urban area is the small Račanský Pond.

History
Přelouč is one of the oldest historically documented settlements in the region. A settlement for probably founded here in the 10th century. The first written mention of Přelouč dates back to 1086 when the village became a part of the Benedictine monastery in Opatovice nad Labem. It was owned by the monastery for 300 years.

In 1261, Přelouč was promoted to a market town by King Ottokar II of Bohemia. Since then, the town has used its coat of arms which consists of a black gridiron in the golden field. This symbol is associated with Saint Lawrence who lived in the 3rd century in Rome and was burnt alive on a gridiron. Because of the town's affiliation with the Benedictine monastery dedicated to Saint Lawrence, the town coat of arms includes the gridiron.

Thanks to its location, Přelouč was an important strategic transit place in the 13th and 14th centuries. During the Hussite Wars, Přelouč was conquered and badly damaged. As a result, its importance declined and it became a small agricultural market town. In 1518, it was joined to the Pardubice estate. New economical and cultural development occurred in the second half of the 16th century and in 1580, it was promoted to a town by Rudolf II.

The War of the Austrian Succession again damaged the town, which again became a small agricultural town. It was not until the first half of the 19th century, thanks to the construction of a new imperial road and then the railway, that Přelouč became the second most economically important town in the region. From 1850 to 1960, Přelouč was a district town.

Economy
The largest employer is the industrial company Kiekert-CS. The production plant of the multinational company was founded in Přelouč in 1993 and focuses on the production of closure systems for the automotive industry.

Transport
The I/2 road (the section from Pardubice to Kutná Hora) passes through the town.

Přelouč is located on the railway line Prague–Pardubice, further continuing to Brno and Luhačovice. It is also the terminus and starting point of the short local line from/to Heřmanův Městec.

Culture
František Filipovský Award is a film and television dubbing ceremony award held in Přelouč since 1994. This ceremony aims to increase the prestige of this artistic discipline and to popularize artists who excel in this field. It commemorates the actor and voice actor František Filipovský, a local native.

Sights
The most significant building is the Church of Saint James the Great. It was originally built in the Romanesque style. After it was damaged by fire in 1641, it was renovated in the Baroque style in 1646.

A landmark is the Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary. This cemetery church was built in the Baroque style in 1684. Its interior is decorated with paintings by Josef Kramolín.

The former Civil Savings Bank is a Neo-Renaissance building from 1899–1901 and the Neo-Renaissance building of the primary school from 1880–1881 are landmarks of the town square and whole town.

The Hydroelectric Power Station on the Elbe has been working since 1924 and is a technical monument. It has an installed capacity of 2,340 kW.

Notable people

 * Ladislav Quis (1846–1913), poet and writer; lived here
 * František Dvořák (1862–1927), painter
 * Rudolf Bruner-Dvořák (1864–1921), photographer
 * František Flos (1864–1961), writer
 * František Filipovský (1907–1993), actor and voice actor
 * Jiřina Petrovická (1923–2008), actress; raised here
 * Stanislav Brebera (1925–2012), chemist, Semtex inventor
 * Olga Hudlická (1926–2014), Czech-British physiologist

title: Přelouč


text:
Talk:Slovak declension

Cleanup needed
HTML tags should be replaced by wiki markup, "i. e." and "e. g." replaced by "that is" and "for example", and so on, throughout the article. - furrykef (Talk at me) 23:17, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Oh, and "smart quotes" (which should be called dumb quotes) need to be replaced with straight quotes. - furrykef (Talk at me) 23:18, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello, people. I just made the changes with the help of wikEd. Greetings --Tlustulimu (talk) 17:44, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

And what about gazdná and kupé? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.112.22.18 (talk) 16:26, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Slovak declension


text:
Zeelandic

Zeelandic (Zeêuws; Zeeuws; Zêeuws) is a group of language varieties spoken in the southwestern parts of the Netherlands. It is currently considered a Low Franconian dialect of Dutch, but there have been movements to promote the status of Zeelandic from a dialect of Dutch to a separate regional language, which have been denied by the Dutch Ministry of Internal Affairs. More specifically, it is spoken in the southernmost part of South Holland (Goeree-Overflakkee) and large parts of the province of Zeeland, with the notable exception of eastern Zeelandic Flanders.

It has notable differences from Standard Dutch mainly in pronunciation but also in grammar and vocabulary, which separates it clearly from Standard Dutch. This makes mutual intelligibility with speakers of Standard Dutch difficult.

Origin
In the Middle Ages and the early modern period, Zeeland was claimed by the Count of Holland as well as the Count of Flanders, and the area was exposed to influence from both directions. The dialects clearly show a gradual increase of Hollandic elements as one goes northwards. However, Zeelandic is fairly coherent with clear borders, as the broad sea arms form strong isoglosses.

The name Zeeuws is an old Zeelandic word that has been attested since the Middle Ages. An early citation by Jacob van Maerlant in his description of Sint-Francis goes as follows:

 * Men moet om de rime te souken
 * Misselike tonghe in bouken:
 * Duuts, Diets, Brabants, Vlaemsch, Zeeus;
 * Walsch, Latijn, Griex ende Hebreeus
 * One needs, to search for the rhymes
 * Various tongues in books:
 * German, Dutch, Brabantine, Flemish, Zeelandic;
 * Walloon, Latin, Greek and Hebrew
 * Walloon, Latin, Greek and Hebrew

The name Zeeuws has been in use for the language spoken in Zeeland ever since, but in addition to this there are various other names. Speakers often refer to their dialect with the name of their own area, such as Walchers for Walcheren or Plat Axels for Zeelandic-Flanders (named after the town of Axel, but also used in other towns in this region to distinguish it from the West-Zeelandic-Flemish dialects spoken in the region surrounding Breskens), or sometimes with the name of their own village, such as Wasschappels for Westkapelle. This practice stems from the idea that each village has their own dialect, which is markedly different even from the dialect in the adjacent village, and that there is no such thing as one homogenous Zeelandic dialect or language. There is a large amount of resistance specifically in Goeree-Overflakkee against calling the local dialect Zeelandic, due to historical animosity between this region which belongs to South Holland, and Zeeland proper. In the past, Zeelandic was also called boers (farmer-like), in contrast to Standard Dutch which was known as op z'n burgers (like civilians, like the bourgeoisie), but this nomenclature has fallen out of fashion in recent times. The word plat, which is also used in other dialects to refer to any non-Standard-Dutch dialect, is also frequently used in Zeeland.

Geographic spread and dialect continuum
Zeelandic is spoken in most areas in Zeeland province, excluding East-Zeelandic-Flanders where, traditionally, more East-Flemish dialects are spoken. North of Zeeland, Zeelandic is still spoken on the island of Goeree-Overflakkee. Traditionally, the Zeelandic language area also extended further north to the island Voorne-Putten, but the dialect has mostly disappeared from that area due to migration from urban areas such as Rotterdam.

In urban areas in Zeeland, the dialect is in decline due to migration from other areas in the Netherlands. In Vlissingen, Goes, Middelburg and, to a lesser extent, Terneuzen, Zeelandic dialect is being mostly replaced by Standard Dutch, although elderly people and people from surrounding rural areas can often still speak Zeelandic.

There are clear differences between Zeelandic and Hollandic, Brabantine and East-Flemish dialects, but there is more of a dialect continuum with West-Flemish language varieties. The dialects spoken more towards the western coastal region of Zeelandic-Flanders, locally referred to as Bressiaans, resemble the West-Flemish dialects spoken across the border more than the dialects spoken around Terneuzen and Axel, which preserve more Zeelandic features while also exhibiting West-Flemish features. Although these similarities are greater than those between Zeelandic and Hollandic dialects, there are some minor dialectal influences in the dialects spoken in Voorne-Putten, Hoeksche Waard and Rotterdam. There is hardly any dialectal influence from Zeelandic in the neighbouring Brabantine dialects, however, with the exception of the neighbouring villages of Oud-Vossemeer in Tholen and Nieuw-Vossemeer in North-Brabant.

Characteristics
Zeelandic still has three grammatical genders and the final schwa of feminine words. It has kept the monophthongs and  for ij and ui, rather than breaking them into  and. It usually umlauts into  and renders the old Germanic  and  as falling diphthongs ( and, respectively, with the exact realisation depending on the dialect. Standard Dutch has merged them with etymological  and . Finally, Zeelandic drops.

This table illustrates the differences (the orthography is Dutch):

Dialects
The province of Zeeland consists of several former islands that were difficult to reach until well into the 20th century. As a result, there is roughly one dialect per island. The respective dialects differ clearly but only slightly. The Goeree-Overflakkee dialect, for example, does not drop the h, and the Walcheren and Zuid-Beveland dialects have umlauted words, unlike the northern dialects (for example: beuter as opposed to boter . Within the island dialects themselves, dialectal differences also exist, and native speakers can frequently tell the village (at least on their own island) a person is from by the specific dialect that is spoken, even if the differences are inaudible to outsiders. For example, within the Tholen dialect, speakers from Poortvliet, a village roughly on the middle of the island, can use widely different words for something than speakers from Sint-Maartensdijk do, which lies only 5 km to the west of Poortvliet.

Geographic distribution and social aspects
Zeelandic is strongly associated with the rural population, as it is spoken mainly in the countryside. The town dialects of Middelburg and Vlissingen are both much closer to Hollandic than the rural variants and are almost extinct. Surveys held in the 1990s found that at least 60% of Zeeland's population still use Zeelandic as their everyday language. An estimated 250,000 people speak Zeelandic as a mother tongue (West Zeelandic Flemish is included in that count), and although it is in decline, just as other regional languages, it is in no direct danger of extinction since in some villages with strong isolated communities, more than 90% of the youngsters still speak Zeelandic. On the other hand, in several villages with much immigration, the local dialect is spoken only by adults, as children are no longer taught it. A lobby for recognising the Zeelandic regional language under the European Charter for Minority Languages was, as of 2005, unable to achieve that status.

title: Zeelandic


text:
Talk:Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway

Comments
I see that this seems to cut a great length of underground, especially around the Nicoll Highway Section...was it affected by the collapse, and does it have any integrity problems? -- Natalinasmpf 23:17, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This expressway has nothing to do with Nicoll Highway, so it is not directly affected structurally. The only way it was "affected" was when the authorities asked all on-going underground tunnelling works to step up their safety measures.--Huaiwei 06:36, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Interchange with buangkok drive
Seems like construction for the interchange has been given the green light: http://www.onemotoring.com.sg/publish/onemotoring/en/on_the_roads/road_projects/construction_of_vehicular.html Oahiyeel 16:33, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway


text:
Spring green

Spring green is a color that was traditionally considered to be on the yellow side of green, but in modern computer systems based on the RGB color model is halfway between cyan and green on the color wheel.

The modern spring green, when plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram, corresponds to a visual stimulus of about 505 nanometers on the visible spectrum. In HSV color space, the expression of which is known as the RGB color wheel, spring green has a hue of 150°. Spring green is one of the tertiary colors on the RGB color wheel, where it is the complementary color of rose.

The first recorded use of spring green as a color name in English was in 1766, referring to roughly the color now called spring bud.

Spring green (HTML)
Spring green is a web color, common to X11 and HTML.

Medium spring green
Displayed at right is the color medium spring green.

Medium spring green is a web color. It is close to but not right on the color wheel and it is a little closer to cyan than to green.

Dark spring green
At right is displayed the web color dark spring green.

Mint cream
Displayed at right is the web color mint cream, a pale pastel tint of spring green.

The color mint cream is a representation of the color of the interior of an after dinner mint (which is disc shaped with mint flavored buttercream on the inside and a chocolate coating on the outside).

Sea green

Sea green is a shade of cyan color that resembles the hue of shallow seawater as seen from the surface.

Sea green is notable for being the emblematic color of the Levellers party in the politics of 1640s England. Leveller supporters would wear a sea-green ribbon, in a similar manner to the present-day red AIDS awareness ribbon.

Medium sea green
At right is displayed the web color medium sea green, a medium shade of spring green.

Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a color that is a pale bright tint of spring green toned toward cyan. It represents the color of the aquamarine gemstone. Aquamarine is the birthstone for those born on January 21 to February 20 in tropical zodiac, and February 14 to March 15 in sidereal zodiac.

Spring bud
Spring bud is the color that used to be called spring green before the X11 web color spring green was formulated in 1987 when the X11 colors were first promulgated. This color is now called spring bud to avoid confusion with the web color.

The color is also called soft spring green, spring green (traditional), or spring green (M&P).

The first recorded use of spring green as a color name in English (meaning the color that is now called spring bud) was in 1766.

Emerald

Emerald, also called emerald green, is a tone of green that is particularly light and bright, with a faint bluish cast. The name derives from the typical appearance of the emerald gemstone.

The first recorded use of emerald as a color name in English was in 1598. Ireland is sometimes referred to as the Emerald Isle due to its lush greenery. The May birthstone is emerald. Seattle is sometimes referred to as the Emerald City, because its abundant rainfall creates lush vegetation. In the Middle Ages, The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistus was believed to contain the secrets of alchemy. "Emerald City", from the story of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum, is a city where everything from food to people are emerald green. However, it is revealed at the end of the story that everything in the city is normal colored, but the glasses everyone wears are emerald tinted. The Green Zone in Baghdad is sometimes ironically and cynically referred to as the Emerald City. The Emerald Buddha is a figurine of the sitting Buddha, made of green jade (rather than emerald), clothed in gold, and about 45 cm tall. It is kept in the Chapel of the Emerald Buddha (Wat Phra Kaew) on the grounds of the Grand Palace in Bangkok. The Emerald Triangle refers to the three counties of Mendocino, Humboldt, and Trinity in Northern California, United States because these three counties are the biggest marijuana producing counties in California and also the US. A county-commissioned study reports pot accounts for up to two-thirds of the economy of Mendocino. Emerald Cities: Urban Sustainability and Economic Development is a book published in 2010 by Joan Fitzgerald, director of the law, policy and society program at Northeastern University, about ecologically sustainable city planning.

Emerald was invented in Germany in 1814. By taking acetic acid, mixing and boiling it with vinegar, and then by adding some arsenic, a bright blue-green hue was formed. During the 19th century, the arsenic-containing dye Paris green was marketed as emerald green. It was notorious for causing deaths due to it being a popular color used for wallpaper. Victorian women used this bright color for dresses, and florists used it on fake flowers.

Viridian
At right is displayed the color viridian, a medium tone of spring green.

The first recorded use of viridian as a color name in English was in the 1860s (exact year uncertain).

Green (CMYK) (pigment green)
The color defined as green in the CMYK color system used in printing, also known as pigment green, is the tone of green that is achieved by mixing process (printer's) cyan and process (printer's) yellow in equal proportions. It is displayed at adjacent.

The purpose of the CMYK color system is to provide the maximum possible gamut of color reproducible in printing.

The color indicated is only approximate as the colors of printing inks may vary.

Green (NCS) (psychological primary green)
The color defined as green in the NCS or Natural Color System is shown at adjacent (NCS 2060-G). The natural color system is a color system based on the four unique hues or psychological primary colors red, yellow, green, and blue. The NCS is based on the opponent process theory of vision.

The Natural Color System is widely used in Scandinavia.

Green (Munsell)
The color defined as green in the Munsell color system (Munsell 5G) is shown adjacent. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value (lightness), and chroma (color purity), spaced uniformly in three dimensions in the elongated oval at an angle shaped Munsell color solid according to the logarithmic scale which governs human perception. In order for all the colors to be spaced uniformly, it was found necessary to use a color wheel with five primary colors—red, yellow, green, blue, and purple.

The Munsell colors displayed are only approximate as they have been adjusted to fit into the sRGB gamut.

Green (Pantone)
Green (Pantone) is the color that is called green in Pantone.

The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color # green C, EC, HC, PC, U, or UP—green.

Green (Crayola)
Green (Crayola) is the color called green in Crayola crayons.

Green was one of the original Crayola crayons introduced in 1903.

Erin
Adjacent is displayed the color erin. The first recorded use of erin as a color name was in 1922.

Bright mint
Displayed adjacent is the color bright mint.

Dark green
Dark green is a dark shade of green. A different shade of green has been designated as "dark green (X11)" for certain computer uses.

Dark pastel green
Adjacent is the color dark pastel green.

Screamin' green
The color screamin' green is shown adjacent.

This color was renamed from ultra green by Crayola in 1990.

This color is a fluorescent color.

Cambridge blue
Cambridge blue is the color commonly used by sports teams from Cambridge University.

This color is actually a medium tone of spring green. Spring green colors are colors with an h code (hue code) of between 135 and 165; this color has an h code of 140, putting it within the range of spring green colors on the RGB color wheel.

Caribbean green
Adjacent is displayed the color Caribbean green. This is a Crayola color formulated in 1997.

Magic mint
Adjacent is displayed the color magic mint, a light tint of spring green.

The color magic mint is a light tint of the color mint.

Ceramic tiles in a similar color, often with a contrasting black border, were a popular choice for bathroom, kitchen and upmarket hotel swimming pool décor during the 1930s.

This is a Crayola color formulated in 1990 (later retired in 2003).

Mint
The color mint, also known as mint leaf, is a representation of the color of mint.

The first recorded use of mint as a color name in English was in 1920.

Mountain meadow
Displayed adjacent is the color mountain meadow.

Mountain meadow is a Crayola crayon color formulated in 1998.

Persian green
Persian green is a color used in pottery and Persian carpets in Iran.

Other colors associated with Persia include Persian red and Persian blue. The color Persian green is named from the green color of some Persian pottery and is a representation of the color of the mineral malachite. It is a popular color in Iran because the color green symbolizes gardens, nature, heaven, and sanctity. The first recorded use of Persian green as a color name in English was in 1892.

Sea foam green
This is the Crayola version of the above color, a much brighter and lighter shade. It was introduced in 2001.

Shamrock green (Irish green)
Shamrock green is a tone of green that represents the color of shamrocks, a symbol of Ireland.

The first recorded use of shamrock as a color name in English was in the 1820s (exact year uncertain).

This green is also defined as Irish green Pantone 347.

This green is used as the green on the national flag of Ireland.

It is customary in Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States to wear this or any other tone of green on St. Patrick's Day, 17 March.

The State of California uses this shade of green of the grass under the bear on their state flag.

The Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association use this shade for their uniforms, logos, and other memorabilia.

Sap green
Sap green is a green pigment that was traditionally made of ripe buckthorn berries. However, modern colors marketed under this name are usually a blend of other pigments, commonly with a basis of Phthalocyanine Green G. Sap green paint was frequently used on Bob Ross's TV show, The Joy of Painting.

Jade
Jade, also called jade green, is a representation of the color of the gemstone called jade, although the stone itself varies widely in hue. The color name jade green was first used in Spanish in the form piedra de ijada in 1569. The first recorded use of jade green as a color name in English was in 1892.

Malachite
Malachite, also called malachite green, is a color that is a representation of the color of the mineral malachite. The first recorded use of malachite green as a color name in English was in the 1200s (exact year uncertain).

Opal
Displayed adjacent is the color opal.

It is a pale shade of cyan that is reminiscent of the color of an opal gemstone, although as with many gemstones, opals come in a wide variety of colors.

Brunswick green
Brunswick green is a common name for green pigments made from copper compounds, although the name has also been used for other formulations that produce a similar hue, such as mixtures of chrome yellow and Prussian blue. The pigment is named after Braunschweig, Germany (also known as Brunswick in English) where it was first manufactured. It is a deep, dark green, which may vary from intense to very dark, almost black.

The first recorded use of Brunswick green as a color name in English was in 1764. Another name for this color is English green. The first use of English green as a synonym for Brunswick green was in 1923.

Deep Brunswick green is commonly recognized as part of the British racing green spectrum, the national auto racing color of the United Kingdom.

A different color, also called Brunswick green, was the color for passenger locomotives of the grouping and then the nationalized British Railways. There were three shades of these colors and they are defined under British Standard BS381C – 225, BS381C – 226, and BS381C – 227 (ordered from lightest to darkest). The Brunswick green used by the Nationalised British Railways – Western Region for passenger locomotives was BS381C – 227 (rgb(30:62:46)). RAL6005 is a close substitute to BS381C – 227. A characteristic of these colors was the ease for various railway locations to mix them by using whole pots of primary colors – hence the ability to get reasonably consistent colors with manual mixing half a century and more ago.

The color used by the Pennsylvania Railroad for locomotives was often called Brunswick green, but officially was termed dark green locomotive enamel (DGLE). This was a shade of green so dark as to be almost black, but which turned greener with age and weathering as the copper compounds further oxidized.

Castleton green
Castleton green is one of the two official colors of Castleton University in Vermont. The official college colors are green (PMS 343) and white. The Castleton University Office of Marketing and Communications created the Castleton colors for web and logo development and has technical guidelines, copyright and privacy protection; as well as logos and images that developers are asked to follow in the college's guidelines for using official Castleton logos. If web developers are using green on a university website, they are encouraged to use Castleton green. It is prominently used for representing Castleton's athletic teams, the Castleton Spartans.

Bottle green
Bottle green is a dark shade of green, similar to pine green. It is a representation of the color of green glass bottles. The first recorded use of bottle green as a color name in English was in 1816.

Bottle green is a color in Prismacolor marker and pencil sets. It is also the color of the uniform of the Police Service of Northern Ireland replacing the Royal Ulster Constabulary's "rifle green" colored uniforms in 2001. It is also the green used in uniforms for South Sydney High School in Sydney.

Bottle green is also the color most associated with guide signs and street name signs in the United States.

Bottle green is also the background color of the Flag of Bangladesh, as defined by the government of Bangladesh. Another name for this color is Bangladesh green.

Dartmouth green
Dartmouth green is the official color of Dartmouth College, adopted in 1866. It was chosen for being the only decent primary color that had not been taken already. It is prominently used as the name of the Dartmouth College athletic team, the Dartmouth Big Green. The Dartmouth athletic teams adopted this new name after the college officially discontinued the use of its unofficial mascot, the Dartmouth Indian, in 1974.

Dartmouth green and white are the main colors of Lithuanian basketball club Žalgiris Kaunas.

GO Transit green
GO green was the color used for the brand of GO Transit, the regional commuter service in the Greater Toronto Area. Between 1967 and 2013, the brand and color that has adorned each of its trains, buses, and other property generally remained unchanged. It also matched the shade of green used on signs for highways in Ontario. In July 2013, GO Transit updated its look to a two-tone color scheme.

Gotham green
Gotham green is the official color of the New York Jets as of 4 April 2019. The name is a reference to one of the Nicknames of New York City.

Pakistan green
Pakistan green is a shade of dark green, used in web development and graphic design. It is also the background color of the national flag of Pakistan. It is almost identical to the HTML/X11 dark green in sRGB and HSV values.

Sacramento State green
In 2004, California State University, Sacramento rebranded itself as Sacramento State, while keeping the official name as the long form. In the process of rebranding a new logo was selected, and in 2005 it formalized the colors which it would use.

Paris green
Paris green is a color that ranges from pale and vivid blue green to deeper true green. It comes from the inorganic compound copper (II) acetoarsenite and was once a popular pigment in artists' paints.

Spanish green
Spanish green is the color that is called "verde" (the Spanish word for "green") in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.

UNT green
UNT green is one of three official colors used by the University of North Texas. It is the primary color that appears on branding and promotional material produced by and on behalf of the university.

UP forest green
Adjacent is one of the official colors used by the University of the Philippines, designated as "UP forest green". It is based on the approved color specifications to be used for the seal of the university.

Hooker's green
Hooker's green is a dark green color created by mixing Prussian blue and gamboge. It is displayed adjacent. Hooker's green takes its name from botanical artist William Hooker (1779–1832) who first created it particularly for illustrating leaves.

Aero blue
Aero blue is a fluorescent greenish-cyan color. Aero blue was used as rainshower in one of the Sharpie permanent markers but not as bright on the marker. However, there is no mechanism for showing fluorescence on a computer screen.

Morning sky
Morning sky, also known as Morning blue is a representation of the color of the morning sky.

The year of the first recorded use of morning blue as a color name in English is unknown.

Feldgrau green
Feldgrau (field grey) was the color of the field uniform of the German Army from 1937 to 1945, and the East German NVA armies. Metaphorically, feldgrau used to refer to the armies of Germany (the Imperial German Army and the Heer [army] component of the Reichswehr and the Wehrmacht).

title: Spring green


text: User talk:69.242.30.111

title: User talk:69.242.30.111


text:
Northampton Public Schools, Massachusetts

Northampton Public Schools is a school district in Northampton, Massachusetts. As of 2023, the superintendent is Portia Bonner.

High school

 * Northampton High School
 * Principal: Bill Wehrli
 * Associate Principal: Meghan Harrison Diane Zamer

Middle school

 * John F. Kennedy Middle School, Florence
 * Principal: Lauren Marien
 * Associate Principals: Keddie Loughrey; Vincent Napoli, Jr.

Elementary schools

 * Bridge Street School, Northampton
 * Principal: Carol Ruyffelaert
 * Jackson Street School, Northampton
 * Principal: Lauren Brown
 * Robert K. Finn Ryan Road Elementary School, Florence
 * Principal: Karen Albano
 * Leeds Elementary School, Leeds
 * Principal: Christine Wenz


text:
Tha Eastsidaz

Tha Eastsidaz is a hip hop trio consisting of Snoop Dogg, Tray Deee and Goldie Loc. Their first appearance was on Tommy Boy Records' The Ride: Music from Dimension with Crooked Eye Q on a Battlecat-produced song called "Feels So Good" in 1997.

Emergence (1997–2003)
In 1997, after Snoop Dogg left Death Row records, he formed 'The Eastsiders' with Crooked I and Li'l C-Style. They released one song commercially 'Feels So Good' on the soundtrack for the 1998 film Ride. The group was briefly under contract with Virgin records, however no other songs were released besides a few other songs that were leaked onto the internet in 1999.

It took another two years for the revival of the ensemble and they formed again in 2000, with a new line-up made up of Snoop Dogg, Tray Deee, and Goldie Loc. The name was also changed to 'Tha Eastsidaz', possibly due to contractual obligations with Virgin Records. After signing on to Snoop's Doggystyle Records, distributed by TVT, they released their debut album, Snoop Dogg Presents Tha Eastsidaz; which was a hit and eventually went platinum. They were also featured on "Lay Low," a hit single from Snoop Dogg's album Tha Last Meal and the soundtrack to the horror film Bones, which starred Snoop as the title character. The next year, they released their second album, Duces 'n Trayz: The Old Fashioned Way. The album was critically well-received, but only certified gold.

Breakup (2003–2014)
The group broke up when Snoop left while making their second album and Tray Deee was being sentenced to 12 years in prison for attempted murder. In 2005, Goldie Loc and Snoop Dogg reunited to form Tha Eastsidaz; they released a new joint album with the IV Life Family. Goldie Loc was also involved in The Warzone with MC Eiht and Kam.

The group also appeared in two films. They were featured in the 2001 film Baby Boy and their self-titled direct-to-video crime film, which was a success in retail sales despite the extremely low-budget production thus was certified double platinum.

Reunion (2014–2016)
On April 3, 2014, Tray Deee was released from California Men's Colony, where he had been incarcerated since 2005 on attempted murder charges. On April 18 and 19, Tray Deee and Goldie Loc will reunite as Tha Eastsidaz to perform at "Krush Groove 2014" at Save Mart Center in Fresno, California and The Forum in Inglewood. Tray Deee has stated that it is unlikely that there will ever be another Eastsidaz album.

Second reunion (2022–present)
On February 4, 2022, Tray Deee announced new upcoming music from Tha Eastsidaz. On February 9, 2022, Goldie Loc confirmed a new Eastsidaz album.

Studio albums

 * Tha Eastsidaz (2000)
 * Duces 'n Trayz: The Old Fashioned Way (2001)

Mixtapes

 * That's My Work Volume 4 (2014)

Filmography

 * 2000 Tha Eastsidaz
 * 2001 Baby Boy
 * 2001 The Wash
 * 2003 Crime Partners

Awards

 * Won at the 2000 Source Awards : New Artist of the Year, Group.

title: Tha Eastsidaz


text:
Songs for Silverman

Songs for Silverman is the second studio album by Ben Folds, released in April 2005 by Epic Records. The album reached No. 13 on the Billboard 200, making it Folds' highest-charting album until the release of Way to Normal in 2008.

The album is named after Ben Goldman, Folds' former A&R representative at Sony BMG. Folds explained, "I was always sending songs to him for the album, so I wanted to name it after him. But somebody (from Sony) found out and flipped out, so I changed it a bit and turned it in." Goldman's name also spawned the title of Folds' compilation album Songs for Goldfish.

Singles
The first single, "Landed", reached No. 77 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 40 on the Adult Top 40. A planned United Kingdom issue was cancelled, though the single received a digital-only release.

The single "Jesusland" reached No. 2 on the UK airplay chart in October 2005. It has also been playlisted by Xfm London and BBC Radio 2 (which lists it as "download only"). The track was slated for a UK single release in September 2005, but it never made it to store shelves. The video for the single features Matt Lucas as a televangelist interspersed with scenes of a journey through what may well be "Jesusland" itself. The track was featured in the 2008 documentary Religulous.

The album's next UK single, "Late", was written as a tribute to the recently deceased singer-songwriter Elliott Smith.

Other songs
The song "Gracie" is written about Folds' daughter. He had previously written one about his son Louis on Rockin' the Suburbs, called "Still Fighting It," and he often performs the two songs together during live shows.

"Weird Al" Yankovic, who directed Folds' video for "Rockin' the Suburbs," contributes backing vocals to "Time".

Track listing
All songs written by Ben Folds, except where noted.
 * 1) "Bastard" – 5:23
 * 2) "You to Thank" – 3:36
 * 3) "Jesusland" – 4:30
 * 4) "Landed" – 4:28
 * 5) "Gracie" – 2:40
 * 6) "Trusted" – 4:08
 * 7) "Give Judy My Notice" – 3:37
 * 8) "Late" – 3:58
 * 9) "Sentimental Guy" – 3:03
 * 10) "Time" – 4:30
 * 11) "Prison Food" – 4:15

LP-only bonus track
 * 1) "Bitches Ain't Shit" (Delmar Arnaud, Calvin Broadus, Jr., Ricardo Brown, Tracy Curry, Colin Wolfe, Andre Young) – 3:54

Japan-only bonus track
 * 1) "Side of the Road" – 2:58

DVD-only bonus track
 * 1) "Landed" (Strings Version) – 4:46

DVD listing

 * The Making of Songs for Silverman
 * Live performances
 * Interviews
 * Behind-the-scenes footage

The DualDisc additionally contains the entire album in Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound.

Personnel
The Band
 * Ben Folds – piano, vocals
 * Jared Reynolds – bass, vocals
 * Lindsay Jamieson – drums, vocals

Additional musicians
 * Bucky Baxter – pedal steel (7, 11), 12-string guitar (7)
 * Frally Folds – backing vocals (7)
 * David Henry – cello (3, 5)
 * Ned Henry – violin (3)
 * John Mark Painter – double bass (5, 9), French horn (9)
 * Al Yankovic – backing vocals (10)

title: Songs for Silverman


text:
File:SongsForGoldfish.jpg

Summary
Album cover for Ben Folds' Songs for Goldfish. Fair Use.

Fair use in Songs for Goldfish
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:SongsForGoldfish.jpg