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Keith Schengili-Roberts

Keith Schengili-Roberts is a long-time author on Internet technologies, beginning with his work for the magazines Toronto Computes! in the early 1990s and then The Computer Paper from the mid-1990s up until 2003. He also currently lectures on Information Architecture at the University of Toronto's iSchool. Previous to IXIASOFT, Keith was a DITA consultant for Mekon, working with teams at ARM, Schlumberger, eBay Deutschland and Infineon.

Author
In 1994 he worked on Delrina's Cyberjack Web browser and on its accompanying Web site, one of the first commercial Web sites. His long-running series on HTML, Weaving Your Own Web Site was drawn from his professional experience, and ran monthly for almost just over 90 issues in The Computer Paper Publication. Many of the early issues in this series were pulled together to form the core of his first book The Advanced HTML Companion in 1997.

Since then several other books have followed. His interest in CSS began while writing his second book on HTML in 1998, when he realized that there were no good references on the subject. So he decided to write one.

Musician
Between 1988 and 1991 Schengili-Roberts was in a Kingston, Ontario indie band called "Miscellaneous 'S'". Occasional one-off reunions have taken place since then.

title: Keith Schengili-Roberts


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Harry Hyland

Harold Macarius Hyland (January 2, 1889 – August 8, 1969) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Montreal Wanderers, New Westminster Royals, and Ottawa Senators. He was a star in the early years of professional hockey.

Playing career
Born in Montreal, Quebec, Hyland first played professional ice hockey for the Montreal Shamrocks in the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association in 1908–09, joining the Montreal Wanderers of the National Hockey Association in 1909–10 when the club won the Stanley Cup. While with the Shamrocks he played as a center but switched to right wing with the Wanderers.

Hyland played for the Wanderers until they folded in 1918, except for one season in 1911–12 when he joined the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) New Westminster Royals. With the Royals, he played as a rover. After the Wanderers folded, he joined the Ottawa Senators, where he was named playing coach. He retired the following year.

Hyland once scored eight goals in a game against the Quebec Bulldogs in 1912–13. He scored the first hat trick in National Hockey League history, playing in the league's very first game on December 19, 1917, in which Hyland's Wanderers defeated the Toronto Arenas 10–9, in Montreal.

Hyland also played lacrosse, and in 1911 he was a teammate of Newsy Lalonde and Mickey Ion in the Vancouver Lacrosse Club. He was also a member of the Montreal Shamrocks lacrosse team playing as a home fielder.

Hyland was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962.

Coaching
Concurrently with his playing career in Montreal Hyland also coached hockey at Loyola College.

Awards and achievements

 * 1909–10 – Stanley Cup champion
 * 1962 – Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Harry Hyland


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Wikipedia talk:List of largest wikis

Number of registered users
It would be interesting (useful) to have users' statistics as well as article's one. Vald 15:30, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Every Commons image an article?
Should we really count every image in Commons as its own page? Jeff8765 01:46, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)

"conservative" vs "inclusive"
How does "conservative" differ from "inclusive"? I understand that it does not include redirects (and stubs maybe?) but is there any other difference? It would be nice if this article explained it (or at least it should link to somewhere where it's explained). Alensha 17:16, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * One explanation is at Special:Statistics. --Pmsyyz 21:37, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Non-wikimedia wikis
These are mostly Wikimedia wikis, perhaps we should have a list that excludes Wikimedia wikis (not ones using the Wikimedia software though) as well. Silles Sellis 16:53, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Additions
Whoever's bot updates these figures, I would like to suggest the inclusion of The TV IV Wiki (MediaWiki), currently at 13,000+ articles. --Naddy 11:42, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Memory Alpha claims 15104 pages, which would put it on this list, whether that is the conservative or inclusive count. I am not familiar with how to retrieve this data, so I've not added it; can these figures usually be found by a user on a Mediawiki site? --24.99.22.14 16:40, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Colored cell backgrounds?
What is the green background supposed to represent? Do we need a legend? 211.26.141.2 09:44, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Projects other than Wikipedias, apparently. / tsca ✉ 07:57, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

DavisWiki has over 6,000 pages. While not as large as others, it appears to be the largest locally focused Wiki on the net.

Move to Meta?
It seems that a Chinese Wikipedian transfered the table to List of largest wikis, which Chinese Wikipedia seems to link to it. I think moving it to Meta is good for the sake of no original research among others, but before asking the consesus, I reverted the table back. --Puzzlet Chung 07:00, 19 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, if the list isn't in this article, why should the article even exist? --Pmsyyz 21:37, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Absolutely. I just surfed in to this page and found that the table has again been moved away from this article. In short, this article now has no content whatsoever, and I fail to see why it even exists. Also, every sentence in this article is completely unintelligible to me. Especially the first one. I mean, what?

 * Wikipedia's distinction shown on the table between a "conservative" and an "inclusive" number of pages originated in 2002 with the replacement of UseModWiki's spontaneous wiki modes with MediaWiki's embedded namespaces.

What the hell does that mean? That's a really confusing first sentence to read upon coming to an article. First of all, there's no table in this article. Second of all, where is the introductory sentence? Some kind of overview or something? --Torgo 05:05, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Can we say that Wikipedia as a Wikilog (Bliki)
The original 'wiki' does not include the comment section for visitors who could not immediately edit the main content page. Is it possible to show the posts or contents in chronological order.

title: Wikipedia talk:List of largest wikis


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User:Renatomcr~enwiki

eo:Vikipediisto:Renatomcr pt:Usuário:Renatomcr

title: User:Renatomcr~enwiki


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Exercise Red Flag

Exercise Red Flag (also Red Flag – Nellis) is a two-week advanced aerial combat training exercise held several times a year by the United States Air Force (USAF). It aims to offer realistic air-combat training for military pilots and other flight crew members from the United States and allied countries.

Each year, three to six Red Flag exercises are held at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, while up to four more, dubbed Red Flag – Alaska, are held at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska.

First held on 29 November 1975, Red Flag exercises bring together aircrews from the USAF, United States Navy (USN), United States Marine Corps (USMC), United States Army (USA) and numerous NATO and allied nations' air forces.

Red Flag exercises are conducted under the control of the United States Air Force Warfare Center (USAFWC) at Nellis. They are run by the 414th Combat Training Squadron (414 CTS) of the 57th Wing (57 WG). They use "enemy" hardware and live ammunition for bombing exercises within the adjacent Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR).

Organization
The 414 CTS mission is to maximize the combat readiness and survivability of participants by providing a realistic training environment and a pre-flight and post-flight training forum that encourages a free exchange of ideas. To accomplish this, combat units from the United States and its allied countries engage in realistic combat training scenarios carefully conducted within the Nellis Range Complex. The Nellis Range complex is located northwest of Las Vegas and covers an area of 60 nmi by 100 nmi, about half the area of Switzerland. This space allows the exercises to be on an enormous scale.

In a typical Red Flag exercise, Blue Forces (friendly) engage Red Forces (hostile) in realistic combat situations.

Blue Forces are made up of units from the Air Combat Command (ACC), Air Mobility Command (AMC), Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC), Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), United States Air Forces Europe (USAFE), Pacific Air Forces (PACAF), Air National Guard (ANG), Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC), and Air Force Space Command (AFSPC), aviation units of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Army, the Royal Air Force, Royal Canadian Air Force, and Royal Australian Air Force, as well as other allied air forces and fleet air arms. They are led by a Blue Forces commander, who coordinates the units in an "employment plan" scheme of operation.

Red Forces (adversary forces) are composed of the 57th Wing's 57th Adversary Tactics Group (57 ATG), flying F-16s from the 64th Aggressor Squadron (64 AGRS) and F-35s from the 65th Aggressor Squadron (65 AGRS) to provide realistic air threats through the emulation of opposition tactics. The Red Forces are also augmented by other U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Marine Corps units flying in concert with the 507th Air Defense Aggressor Squadron's (507 ADAS) electronic ground defenses and communications, and radar jamming equipment. The 527th Space Aggressor Squadron (527 SAS), an Active Duty unit, and the 26th Space Aggressor Squadron (26 SAS), an Air Force Reserve Command unit, also provide GPS jamming. Additionally, the Red Force command and control organization simulates a realistic enemy integrated air defense system (IADS).

A key element of Red Flag operations is the Red Flag Measurement and Debriefing System (RFMDS). RFMDS is a computer hardware and software network that provides real-time monitoring, post-mission reconstruction of maneuvers and tactics, participant pairings, and integration of range targets and simulated threats. Blue Force commanders objectively assess mission effectiveness and validate lessons learned from data provided by the RFMDS.

A typical flag exercise year includes ten Green Flags (a close air support (CAS) exercise with the U.S. Army), one Canadian Maple Flag (operated by the Royal Canadian Air Force) and four Red Flags. Each Red Flag exercise normally involves a variety of fighter interdiction, attack/strike, air superiority, enemy air defense suppression, airlift, air refueling and reconnaissance missions. In a 12-month period, more than 500 aircraft fly more than 20,000 sorties, while training more than 5,000 aircrews and 14,000 support and maintenance personnel.

Before a "flag" begins, the Red Flag staff conducts a planning conference where unit representatives and planning staff members develop the size and scope of their participation. All aspects of the exercise, including billeting of personnel, transportation to Nellis AFB, range coordination, ordnance/munitions scheduling, and development of training scenarios, are designed to be as realistic as possible, fully exercising each participating unit's capabilities and objectives.

Origin

The origin of Red Flag was the unacceptable performance of USAF fighter pilots and weapon systems officers (WSO) in air-to-air combat ("air combat maneuvering," ACM) during the Vietnam War in comparison to previous wars. Air combat over North Vietnam between 1965 and 1973 led to an overall exchange ratio (ratio of enemy aircraft shot down to the number of own aircraft lost to enemy fighters) of 2.2:1 (for a while in June and July 1972 during Operation Linebacker the ratio was less than 1:1).

Among the several factors resulting in this disparity was a lack of realistic ACM training. USAF pilots and WSOs of the late 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s were not versed in the core values and basics of ACM due to the belief that beyond-visual-range missile (BVR) engagements and equipment made "close-in" maneuvering in air combat obsolete. As a result of this BVR-only mindset reached its zenith in the early 1960s, nearly all USAF fighter pilots and WSO's of the period were unpracticed in maneuvering against dissimilar aircraft because of a concurrent Air Force emphasis on flying safety. This led to U.S. aircrews' susceptibility to ACM as well as surface-to-air missiles (SAM).

An Air Force analysis known as Project Red Baron II showed that a pilot's chances of survival in combat dramatically increased after he had completed ten combat missions. As a result, Red Flag was created in 1975 to offer USAF pilots and weapon systems officers the opportunity to fly ten realistically simulated combat missions in a safe training environment with measurable results.

Colonel Richard "Moody" Suter, who was well liked at Nellis Air Force Base, became the driving force in Red Flag's implementation, persuading the Tactical Air Command (TAC) commander, General Robert J. Dixon, to adopt the program. General Dixon approved the idea in May 1975 and ordered the exercise established within six months. The first Red Flag exercise was conducted in compliance with General Dixon's schedule on 29 November 1975 and included 37 aircraft, supported by 561 personnel, flying some 552 sorties.

On 1 March 1976, the 4440th Tactical Fighter Training Group (Red Flag) was chartered with Col P.J. White as the first commander, Lt Col Marty Mahrt, as vice commander Lt Col David Burney as Director of Operations. This small crew under Col White's leadership undertook the task of firmly establishing the program.

The "aggressor squadrons", the opponents who flew against the pilots undergoing training, were selected from the top fighter pilots in the U.S. Air Force. These pilots were trained to operate according to the tactical doctrines of the Soviet Union and other enemies of the period, to better simulate what then-TAC, as well as USAFE, PACAF and other NATO pilots and WSOs would likely encounter in real combat against a Warsaw Pact or other Soviet-proxy adversary. The aggressors were initially equipped with readily available T-38 Talon aircraft to simulate the Mikoyan MiG-21, the T-38 being similar in terms of size and performance. F-5 Tiger II fighters, painted in color schemes commonly found on Soviet aircraft, were added shortly after that and became the mainstay until the F-16 Fighting Falcon was introduced.

Today, the 414th Combat Training Squadron (414 CTS) is the unit currently tasked with running Red Flag exercises, while the 64th Aggressor Squadron (64 AGRS) also based at Nellis AFB uses F-16 aircraft to emulate the MiG-29 Fulcrum. These aircraft continue to be painted in the various camouflage schemes of potential adversaries. An additional squadron at Nellis, the 65th Aggressor Squadron (65 AGRS), operated F-15 Eagle fighter aircraft in various camouflage schemes of potential adversaries to replicate Su-27 Flanker and Su-35 Flanker threats. However, the 65 AGRS was inactivated on 26 September 2014 due to the Fiscal Year 2015 budget constraints imposed upon the Air Force that zero-lined the squadron's budget.

The U.S. Navy operates a similar large-force training exercise known as Air Wing Fallon at NAS Fallon and the Fallon Range Training Complex in northern Nevada. Air Wing Fallon is a month-long evolution designed to enhance a carrier air wing's war-fighting ability in both the air-to-air and air-to-ground arenas, with the primary focus being for the air wing to become familiar with the complexity of a massive force strike (LFS). Previously under the aegis of "Strike University" (STRIKE U), an O-6 level command when it was formed in 1984, Strike U was later merged with the fighter community's TOPGUN and the carrier airborne early warning community's TOP DOME following those organization's 1993 BRAC-directed relocation from the former NAS Miramar, California, forming the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center (NSAWC) under the command of naval aviation flag officer at NAS Fallon in July 1996. NSAWC then became the executive agent for Air Wing Fallon.

In the 2010s, NSAWC incorporated the electronic attack community's HAVOC directorate, and in 2016, NSAWC was re-designated as the Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center (NAWDC). The Commander of NAWDC at NAS Fallon, the Commander of the USAFWC at Nellis AFB, and their respective subordinate units and staffs maintain natural rapport with each other in areas of shared equities and the tactical development of the Joint Force.

Red Flag and Air Wing Fallon should not be confused with smaller, but longer duration, programs that the USAF and USN run to train individual weapons and tactics instructors. In 2009, the 416th Flight Test Squadron from Edwards AFB, California, participated in Red Flag as well, the first time an Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) unit had been part of the program.

Red Flag 22-3, hosted in July 2022, marked a near tripling of the usual exercise area, with the 414th Combat Training Squadron and the Federal Aviation Administration having worked out a network of airspace corridors connecting the Nevada Test and Training Range with the Utah Test and Training Range and the R-2508 Special Use Airspace Complex around Edwards Air Force Base, California. This arrangement brought the total airspace area for Red Flag 22-3 to 36000 mi2, an adjustment needed for the training with fifth-generation fighter aircraft, which use longer-range maneuvers than previous fighters.

Participating countries
Only countries considered friendly towards the United States take part in Red Flag exercises. So far, the countries to have participated in these exercises are:

 * 🇦🇺 ( September 2002, June 2006, February 2007, February 2016, February 2018, February 2022, January 2023, January 2024 )
 * 🇧🇪 (October 2006, February 2011, 2014, March 2019 )
 * 🇧🇷 (August 1998, July 2008 )
 * 🇨🇦 (1977, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1989, September 2002, August 2006 )
 * (July 1998)
 * 🇨🇴 (September 2002, July 2012, February 2018, March 2019 )
 * (November 2007, 2014 )
 * 🇫🇮 (2018)
 * 🇫🇷 (August 2006, August 2008 )
 * 🇩🇪 (November 1999, March 2001, August 2006, August 2007, March 2020 )
 * (October 2008)
 * 🇮🇳 (August 2008, 2016 May 2024 )
 * 🇮🇱 (September 2002, August 2004, 2009, August 2015, August 2016, March 2023 )
 * 🇮🇹 ( September 2002, March 2016, March 2019 )
 * 🇯🇴 (August 2015)
 * NATO (July 2008, July 2010, March 2014, March 2015, August 2017, March 2020, August 2021 )
 * 🇳🇱 (November 2007, January 2013, March 2019 )
 * 🇳🇴 (November 2007, 2021 )
 * 🇵🇰 (2010, 2016)
 * (2000)
 * 🇸🇪 (July 2008, January 2013, March 2022 )
 * (August 2006, January 2013, August 2015, March 2019 )
 * (March 2019, March 2022 )
 * 🇰🇷 (August 2008)
 * 🇪🇸 ( August 2016, March 2020 )
 * 🇹🇷 (1997, February 2000, July 2008, March 2016 )
 * (July 2012, January 2013, 2014, March 2019 )
 * (February 2000, June 2006, February 2007, January 2017, February 2018, January 2020, January 2022, January 2023, January 2024 )
 * 🇻🇪 (1992)

Incidents

 * On 5 July 1979, Major Gary Mekash and Lieutenant Colonel Eugene Soeder died in the crash of U.S. Air Force F-111A Aardvark, serial number 67–0105, of the 430th Tactical Fighter Squadron.
 * On 7 February 1980, a Royal Air Force (RAF) Blackburn Buccaneer S.2B, RAF Serial XV345 of No. XV Squadron crashed after suffering a failure of the main spar, resulting in the deaths of Sqn Ldr Ken Tait and Flt Lt Charles "Rusty" Ruston. Buccaneers were grounded following the accident
 * On 23 March 2001, a German Air Force Panavia Tornado IDS of Jagdbombergeschwader 34 crashed 160 km northwest of Nellis Air Force Base during a low-level attack at night, which was being flown as part of Red Flag. Major Bernd Lothar Koch and Hauptmann Michael Bieler, both of Jagdbombergeschwader 33, were killed in the crash.

Notable appearances in media
Red Flag was depicted in a 1981 made-for-TV movie, Red Flag: The Ultimate Game. Red Flag is also featured in a 2004 IMAX film, Fighter Pilot: Operation Red Flag.

title: Exercise Red Flag


text:
Constantine I, Prince of Armenia

Constantine I or Kostandin I (Կոնստանտին; 1035–1040 – c. 1100) was the second lord of Armenian Cilicia from 1095 to until about 1100. He ruled the greater part of the Taurus Mountain regions, while managing the towns and lands within his domain. He provided ample provisions to the Crusaders, for example during the difficult period of the siege of Antioch in the winter of 1097. He was a passionate adherent of the separated Armenian Church.

Early years
He was the son of Roupen I; his father declared the independence of Cilicia from the Byzantine Empire around 1080. According to the chroniclers Matthew of Edessa and Sempat Sparapet, Constantine is also identified as being either a prince of King Gagik II, or some kind of a military commander in the monarch’s clan in exile.

Upon the murder of King Gagik II, Constantine’s father gathered his family and fled to the Taurus Mountains and took refuge in the fortress of Kopitar (Kosidar) situated north of Sis (today Kozan in Turkey). By 1090, Roupen was not capable of leading his troops, therefore his son Constantine inherited his command and conquered the castle of Vahka. The mastery of this mountain defile made possible the assessment of taxes on merchandise transported from the port of Ayas towards the central part of Asia Minor, a source of wealth to which the Roupenians owed their power.

His rule
After his father’s death in 1095, Constantine extended his power eastward towards the Anti-Taurus Mountains. As an Armenian Christian ruler in the Levant, he helped the forces of the First Crusade maintain the siege of Antioch until it fell to the crusaders. The crusaders, for their part, duly appreciated the aid of their Armenian allies: Constantin was honored with gifts, the title of "marquis", and a knighthood.

The Chronographie of Samuel of Ani records that Constantine died soon after a lightning bolt struck his table in the fortress of Vahka. He was buried in Castalon.

Marriage and children
According to the Chronicle of Aleppo, his wife was descended from Bardas Phokas.

 * Beatrice of Armenia, countess of Edessa (? – before 1118), the wife of Count Joscelin I of Edessa
 * Thoros I, Lord of Armenian Cilicia (? – February 17, 1129 / February 16, 1130)
 * Leo I, Lord of Armenian Cilicia (? – Constantinople, February 14, 1140)

title: Constantine I, Prince of Armenia


text:
Busher Jackson

Ralph Harvey Jackson (January 17, 1911 – June 25, 1966) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Jackson played 15 National Hockey League (NHL) seasons between 1929 and 1944 for the Toronto Maple Leafs, New York Americans, and Boston Bruins. He was a member of the Maple Leafs' famed Kid Line with Joe Primeau and Charlie Conacher, one of the early NHL's dominant scoring trios. Jackson led the league in scoring in 1931–32 and was a member of Toronto's 1932 Stanley Cup championship team. He was named to five NHL All-Star teams and played in three benefit All-Star Games, including the Ace Bailey Benefit Game, the first All-Star contest in NHL history.

Off the ice, Jackson was well-known for his high-spending lifestyle and drinking habit that prompted his trade from Toronto to New York in 1939. He was remembered as one of hockey's tragic figures following his retirement, as he struggled with alcoholism and financial difficulty. In the 1960s, Jackson was a figure of controversy within the Hockey Hall of Fame selection committee, as the Hall used his lifestyle and personal problems to block his induction. He finally earned a place in the Hall of Fame in 1971, five years after his death. Jackson is also an honoured member of Canada's Sports Hall of Fame, which he was inducted into in 1975. He was the brother of fellow NHL player Art Jackson.

Junior
Jackson grew up in Toronto, playing his youth hockey at "Poverty Pond" in the city's east side before playing at the Ravina Rink where he was discovered by Frank Selke, the assistant general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs. Selke signed Jackson to a contract and assigned him to the Toronto Marlboros in the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA)'s junior league for the 1927–28 season. Jackson scored four goals in four regular season games that season, and though the Marlboros were considered a favourite to win the Memorial Cup, the team was defeated in the Eastern final by the Ottawa Gunners. He returned to the team for the 1928–29 season, scoring 10 goals and 14 points in 9 regular season games. He then led the OHA playoffs with seven goals and nine points as the Marlboros won the OHA championship. Jackson was a leading offensive player for Toronto in the 1929 Memorial Cup playdowns, scoring 15 goals and 25 points in 13 games. The Marlboros reached the final, defeating the Elmwood Millionaires in a best-of-three series to win the franchise's first Memorial Cup championship.

Toronto Maple Leafs
Joining the Maple Leafs for the 1929–30 season, the 18-year-old Jackson was the youngest player in the National Hockey League (NHL). In his league debut against the Montreal Canadiens, Jackson knocked over his idol Howie Morenz with a bodycheck. Assessing the youngster's potential following the hit, Morenz offered, "you'll do." Jackson appeared in 31 games for the Leafs, scoring 12 goals and adding 6 assists. He missed some time due to injury, during which he earned his nickname from the team's trainer, Tim Daly. According to Jackson: "Daly asked me to carry sticks for him. I told him I wasn't a stick boy, I was a hockey player, so he said I was nothing but a fresh busher [a term for someone who had just been called up from the minors] and the name stuck."

During his first season, Jackson was placed on a line with two other young players. Charlie Conacher, a teammate of his with the Marlboros, played right wing and Joe Primeau was their centre. The trio formed what became known as the "Kid Line," one of the early NHL's most famous scoring trios. Primeau was the line's playmaker, whose passes set up both Conacher and Jackson's goal-scoring ability.

Following a 31-point season in 1930–31, Jackson led the NHL in scoring with 53 points in 1931–32. At 21 years, 3 months old, he became the youngest scoring champion in NHL history, a record he would hold until 1980–81, when it was broken by Wayne Gretzky. Jackson's 28 goals that season was the most he would score in his career, and he was named to the NHL's First All-Star team for the first time of his career. He added five goals in the 1932 playoffs, including one of Toronto's six in the deciding game of the 1932 Stanley Cup Finals, a 6–4 victory over the New York Rangers that clinched Toronto's first Stanley Cup championship since 1922.

The Kid Line remained Toronto's top offensive threat for several years; Jackson, Conacher and Primeau were the team's top three scorers for four consecutive seasons between 1932 and 1935. Following his league-leading season, Jackson led Toronto offensively in 1932–33 with 44 points. On November 20, 1934, Jackson set an NHL record when he became the first player in NHL history to score four goals in a period, notching four markers in the third period of a 5–2 victory over the St. Louis Eagles. The record has not been surpassed through 2019, though eleven players have matched it. He was named to three additional All-Star teams during this time, placed on the second team in 1932–33 and on the first team in both 1933–34 and 1934–35. Additionally, Jackson played in the Ace Bailey Benefit Game on February 14, 1934. Held in support of injured teammate Ace Bailey, it was the first all-star game in NHL history. Jackson scored two goals for the Maple Leafs in a 7–3 victory over the NHL All-Stars.

Following four consecutive 20-goal seasons, Jackson slipped to 11 goals in 1935–36. The Kid Line was finally broken up. While they remained consistent offensive performers, they lacked defensive ability and opposing teams began to find success playing their own top scoring lines against the trio. Primeau subsequently retired in 1936 in favour of his business interests. Despite the break-up, Jackson scored 21 goals and had 40 points in 1936–37 to earn his fourth and final appearance on the first All-Star team.

Prior to the start of the 1937–38 season, Jackson played with the NHL All-Stars in the Howie Morenz Memorial Game, the NHL's second benefit all-star contest. In regular league play, his offence entered a decline as he had 34 points that season, then 27 in 1938–39. Following the season, the Maple Leafs traded him to the New York Americans, along with Jimmy Fowler, Murray Armstrong, Doc Romnes and Buzz Boll in exchange for Sweeney Schriner on May 18, 1939. The five-for-one deal was unprecedented in NHL history at that time.

New York and Boston
Prior to his first season in New York, Jackson played in his third benefit all-star game, the Babe Siebert Memorial Game, on October 29, 1939. He represented the NHL All-Stars in a 5–2 victory over the Montreal Canadiens. In NHL play, he posted 12 goals and had 20 points for the Americans, then improved to 26 points in 1940–41. He was unable to come to terms with team manager Red Dutton on a new contract for the 1941–42 season however, and did not join the team at the start of the season. The impasse lasted for half the season, until Dutton sold Jackson's rights to the Boston Bruins for $7,500 on January 4, 1942.

Joining the Bruins gave Jackson the opportunity to play alongside his younger brother Art. He played only 26 games that season due to his holdout, just over half of the NHL season of 48 games, registering 12 points. Though he played left wing throughout his career, the Bruins switched him part-time to defence when they lost players to injury or the Second world war. He had 34 points in 1942–43, and his 19 goals were Jackson's highest total in six seasons. The Bruins reached the 1943 Stanley Cup Finals by defeating Montreal, but lost the series to the Detroit Red Wings in four straight games. Jackson's playoff overtime goal on March 25, 1943, at the Forum would turn out to be the last Boston playoff overtime goal in Montreal until 1992. Jackson played a final season in 1943–44, after which he announced his retirement as a player following a 15-year career.

Personal life
Considered to have the looks of a movie star, Jackson lived the lifestyle of a Hollywood actor during his playing career, spending money freely, driving fast cars, and attending posh parties. Maple Leafs' owner Conn Smythe unsuccessfully tried to convince Jackson to save his money for the future, even offering to match his player's savings dollar for dollar. Jackson's habits, particularly his drinking, ultimately played a role in his trade away from Toronto. Jackson's lifestyle came crashing down following his retirement as a player, as he no longer had the money to fund his pursuits. He unsuccessfully tried to overcome his alcoholism, had two marriages end in divorce, struggled to hold a job, and it was said that he could be found outside Maple Leaf Gardens trying to sell broken sticks of Maple Leaf players to try to make some money. He emerged as one of hockey's tragic figures.

Jackson suffered a series of injuries and ailments in his later years. In 1958, he broke his neck after falling down a flight of stairs. His recovery took 18 months and cost him mobility in his right hand. Two months after his release, Jackson returned to hospital with a bout of jaundice. He was hospitalized again in 1962 following an epileptic seizure.

As Jackson's health failed, he became the focus of a controversy within the Hockey Hall of Fame selection committee. Though he was considered one of hockey's greatest left wingers and was famed for his attacking style of play and backhand shot, Jackson's personal problems led Hall chairman Conn Smythe to blacklist him from entry. Though Primeau and Conacher had gained induction, Jackson died on June 25, 1966, without being given the same honour. It would be another five years until the remainder of the selection committee finally overruled Smythe and posthumously inducted Jackson into the Hall of Fame in 1971. Smythe quit the committee in protest, while Jackson's son Kim accepted the honour on his father's behalf. In 1975, Jackson was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame, and The Hockey News ranked him 55th in its 1997 book, The Top 100 NHL players of All-Time.

title: Busher Jackson


text:
Jaguar Mark IX

The Jaguar Mark IX is a four-door luxury saloon car announced 8 October 1958 and produced by Jaguar Cars between 1958 and 1961. It was generally similar to the Mark VIII it replaced, but had a larger, more powerful 3.8 litre engine, 4-wheel disc brakes, and power assisted recirculating ball steering among its mechanical improvements.

Visually the early versions were identical in exterior appearance to the Mark VIII except for the addition of a chrome "Mk IX" badge to the boot lid. Later versions had a larger tail-lamp assembly with an amber section for traffic indication, visually similar to the tail-lights of the smaller Jaguar Mark 2.

It was replaced by the lower and more contemporary-styled Mark X in 1961.

Features
A four-speed manual system transmission was standard. Options included overdrive and a Borg Warner three-speed automatic box, the most popular choice.

Internally, an enlarged-bore 3.8 L (231 in³), 220 bhp DOHC straight-6 XK engine replaced the previous 3.4 L (210 in³) 190 bhp XK unit. The B-type head of the Mark VIII was retained, but with a chamber at the bottom of the combustion chamber to accommodate the enlarged bore. Twin HD6 1.75" SU carburettors were fitted. A smaller electromagnetically controlled auxiliary carburettor was placed between the main pair of carburettors to act as a choke. It often proved troublesome in operation and many were converted to manual switching . Standard compression ratio was 8:1, but a higher performance 9:1 compression ratio was also available, as was a 7:1 compression ratio for export markets, such as Africa, where quality of petrol was sometimes a problem.

The Mark IX was the first production Jaguar to offer four-wheel servo-assisted Dunlop disc brakes and recirculating ball power steering, which were now standard equipment. The brake system included a vacuum reserve tank to preserve braking in the event that the engine stalled. Automatic transmission were fitted with a hill-holding "anti-creep" feature, where an electromagnetic valve maintained brake pressure at rest when the brake pedal was released to prevent the car from rolling back on an incline.

The power steering was driven by a Hobourn-Eaton pump, operating at 600-650 psi. It was attached to the back of the generator and allowed the steering to be geared up to 3.5 turns lock-to-lock as against the 4.5 turns for the Mark VII and VIII models.

Unlike the early automatic Mark VII  predecessor, (but like late mark VII and all Mark VIII) the Borg Warner DG automatic gearbox started in first gear and had a dash-mounted switch to allow second gear to be held indefinitely. Once in third gear, a series of clutches engaged to allow direct drive rather than through the torque converter.

The torsion bar independent front suspension and leaf-sprung rear live axle were retained from the Mk VIII, which, in turn, was first used in the 1949 Mark V.

Final drive was 4.27:1, (4.55:1 when overdrive was fitted).

The sunshine roof became a standard fitting for the UK market. The interior was luxurious, with extensive use of leather, burled walnut and deep pile carpet. A range of single and twin-tone paint schemes was offered.

Performance
A car with automatic transmission tested by the British magazine The Motor in 1958 had a top speed of 114.4 mph and could accelerate from 0–60 mph in 11.3 seconds. A fuel consumption of 14.3 mpgimp was recorded. The test car cost £2162 including taxes of £721. In addition, the Mark IX attained 30 mph in 4.2 seconds, and 100 mph in 34.8 secs. It covered the standing quarter mile in 18.1 secs.

Autocar magazine tested a Mk IX Automatic in its Used Cars on the Road series, number 200, published in the edition dated 14 December 1962. This vehicle at the recorded mileage of around 34,000 achieved acceleration figures of 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in 10.1 secs and 0-100 mph (161 km/h) in 28.8 secs. The Standing Quarter-mile was passed in 17.6 secs.

Sales
The Mark IX was popular as a state car. When Charles de Gaulle paid a state visit to Canada in 1960, the official cars for the motorcade were Mark IX Jaguars. The British Queen Mother had a Jaguar Mark VII, which was progressively upgraded to be externally identical to the later Mark IX. The Nigerian government bought forty Mark IXs, painted in state colours of green and white. The impressive Jaguars of the 1950s were sufficiently popular in western Africa that "Jagwah" survives to this day as a colloquialism for "smart man-about-town".

In the luxury car market, the Jaguar Mk IX was very competitively priced, selling for £1995 with manual gearbox, £2063 with overdrive, and £2163 with automatic transmission, which was less than about half the price of similar competitors. In all, 10,009 Mark IX were produced.

Classic racing circuit
The Mark IX's power and good brakes for a vehicle of the era, together with its impressive aesthetic appearance, make it a common choice for classic car circuit racing, such as at the Goodwood Circuit's Revival meetings.

title: Jaguar Mark IX


text:
Talk:Sweetness

Sweetness of mirror sugars
Dextrose comes in left- and right-handed enantiomers; only the right-handed version can be metabolized. Does the left-handed version (levose?) taste sweet?
 * Did you mean Levulose? "... Levulose [has] a natural taste similar to that of sugar but more mellowed." from [http://diabeticsdezire.com/faq.html] Monkeyman 01:52, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I don't think that that's actually mirror-dextrose, from the description. I would expect mirror-dextrose to have zero caloric content but it might be sweet; I have no idea. --Andrew 02:14, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * The left-handed monosaccharides are similar in taste to their natural counterparts, but cannot be metabolized. The sweetness receptor does not appear to be specific to any particular compound, but rather to recognize a broad range of compounds, so the fact that mirror saccharides are sweet is not terribly surprising. Shimmin 21:13, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Seek out a referece for this point, as I heard it, L-glucose had no sweetness, a faint salty flavor is all. This is logical, the same failure of the L-molecule to fit in the digestive enzyme catalytic site prevents it from acting in the taste protein "pocket".  I don't have a reference for this handy, but I did taste them both in high school biology
 * Here's your answer: "Curiously, although d- and l-glucose are spatial enantiomers, they are prosymmetric with regard to the glycophore; that is, with regard to the sweet receptor, they are effectively identical (Shallenberger 1997), leading to the potential use of l-hexose mono- (Levin 1981) and di-saccharides (Bakal 1984) as non-caloric bulk sweeteners." Quote taken from directly from http://www.springerlink.com/content/920760277g17724r/fulltext.html Jeh25 (talk) 02:41, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

class.64.252.24.88 (talk) 19:02, 24 December 2007 (UTC) Ah, that's interesting! Do you know if anyone has tried to use them as sugar replacements? If they are equally sweet but cannot be metabolized, it seems one could make a reasonable sugar replacement by inorganically synthesizing, say, fructose, then letting some bug digest all the dextrose... when you say they cannot be metabolized, what does that mean? Do they pass from the digestive tract into the bloodstream? Are they safely eliminated from the body? Presumably they cannot be used as an energy source... --Andrew 00:35, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * While they are presumably useful as sugar substitutes, in the US at least, no one has submitted a new drug petition to the FDA for L-glucose or any other. Their chief defect is that while they are several times more expensive than sugar, they are no sweeter than sugar. Shimmin 10:22, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)

How is sweetness measured?
Could somebody explain what exactly is meant when they say that something is 2,000x as sweet as something else? Thanks! DanKeshet 05:14, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * My understanding of sweetness, and it may be wrong, is that the sweetness of something is determined by the number of molecules that that substance takes to trigger the sweetness receptor in the taste bud. For example, let's say that it takes 10,000 molecules of substance X to trigger the sweetness receptor in tastebuds.  Now let's say that it takes only 5,000 molecules of substance Y to trigger the sweetness receptor in the tastebuds.  You could say that substance Y is twice as sweet as substance X.  And if it only took 1 molecule of substance Z to activate the receptors, substance Z would be 10,000 times as sweet as substance X and 5,000 times as sweet substance Y.

etc... --Henrybaker 03:37, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Please add new comments/questions under a new heading. Thanks. Richard001 05:53, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

Actually this is how it's done Sigh Ns (talk) 00:12, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The slate link is correct, but the problem remains that the phrase “X times sweeter than sucrose" is very misleading for two reasons: a) “high-intensity” sweeteners are rarely sweeter than concentrated sucrose; instead, the ratio refers to the amount needed to evoke a threshold (ie very very weak) response and b) it mistakenly implies that that all sweeteners have similar psychophysical slopes across concentration when in reality the relative sweetness of a compound to sucrose varies greatly across concentration. Jeh25 (talk) 19:53, 26 August 2008 (UTC)

Irrelevant material?
The intro has the following at the end of it.
 * In the English language, things that are pleasant in a more general sense are often called sweet, in phrases such as "sweet rest," "sweet revenge," "sweet dreams," or "home sweet home." In many other languages, both ancient and modern, the adjective meaning sweet can also be used to describe things that are in any way very good.

What does this have to do with the topic? The topic seems to be related to the sense of taste. This material is not relevant and detracts from the article. At best this material belongs in another article but, frankly, I'm not sure what that article would be able. Wikipedia, after all, is not a dictionary.

I'm going to going to remove this. If somebody has a different viewpoint, feel free to restore, rephrase, comment, or whatever.

--Mcorazao 19:42, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

 * It could be relevant on a section about the word's etymology. Richard001 07:00, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

Does the photograph of the girl with the lollipop really lend anything to this topic. And should it be properly captioned? (Sorry, I'm not that confident with captioning yet to do it myself) GideonJones (talk) 06:25, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

Sweet redirects to sweetness???
There is a rock and roll band named sweet but now it redirects to sweetness. You have to search on The Sweet to get to the band but that's no their name. Ozmaweezer 15:07, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

almost universally regarded as a pleasurable experience
Not necessarily. If you're drunk or hungover, it's more likely you'll be repulsed by the idea of eating sweet food, but savoury food will appeal to you greatly.--So Oaty (talk) 15:48, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

Almost universally regarded as a pleasurable experience...by the sober. —₲ravity ₵ontrol —Preceding undated comment added 23:59, 23 November 2009 (UTC).

Elepus?
I don't have time to look it up but I'm pretty sure that the line about elepus ("and elepus is more than 9 times sweeter than sucrose.") should go, considering that elepus doesn't seem to be a real thing.

Evolution is a theory
"In the natural settings that human primate ancestors evolved in, sweetness intensity should indicate energy density, while bitterness tends to indicate toxicity"

should be

"In the natural settings that human primate ancestors are theorized to have evolved in, sweetness intensity should indicate energy density, while bitterness tends to indicate toxicity"

until evolution is proven as fact, why not stay unbias and fair and tell it as it is? ;) 50.47.151.223 (talk) 13:55, 17 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Evolution is one of the strongest theories going, AND it is a fact too. The word "theory" in science does not mean some sort of unsubstantiated wild guess, but an explanation for an observed phenomenon which has evidence to back it up. In the world of science, there appears to be little or no dissent as regards that point, and this is reflected in Wikipedia. The article should not be modified for those who refuse to accept the theory for whatever reasons they have. The statement, as written was NOT unbiased. Evolution, for some reason sparks off certain people much more than other theories. We don't appear to see anyone disagree with the theory of universal gravitation, for instance, other than refinements in the face of work done illustrating spacetime curvature.2.125.67.41 (talk) 23:07, 26 February 2012 (UTC)Lance Tyrell

Examples of sweet substances (and Lead Poisoning)
I am pretty sure that the Lead Acetate was not good for the ancient Romans. That said, Lead poisoning was a universal problem effecting all classes, not just the aristocracy. By far the primary cause of the ailment, and it is a well known fact, that their drinking water was transported in Lead pipes. retrograde62 21:26, 20 Jun 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.189.161.147 (talk)

Sugar alcohols could be mentioned
Sugar alcohols might be of interest. Xylitol for example is a common sweetener in processed foods and candy. 67.167.106.3 (talk) 12:59, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

Sweetness appears to have the highest taste recognition threshold?
Sweetness appears to have the highest taste recognition threshold, being detectable at around 1 part in 200 of sucrose in solution. By comparison, bitterness appears to have the lowest detection threshold, at about 1 part in 2 million for quinine in solution.[4]

But at 300000x sweetness, Lugduname would be detected at 1 part in 6 million — Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.157.8.253 (talk) 07:56, 3 August 2015 (UTC)

A question, maybe a fact for the page
What would tasting something pure which is >1,000x sweeter than sugar taste like? At what point is it considered 'excess'? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:48F8:3022:D9E:B4C6:5220:7DB8:9D64 (talk) 12:32, 12 October 2016 (UTC)

Heavy water
Supposedly heavy water has a sweet taste although I can't find any actual research on the subject. I do think it's interesting in the sense that makes humans able to distinguish between regular and heavy water by taste. Also, what do sugar and heavy water have in common? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXHVqId0MQc — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jestempies (talk • contribs) 15:01, 23 December 2016 (UTC)

Food temperature affect sweetness perception
As this article says: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4542652/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.237.43.108 (talk) 18:38, 4 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sweetness


text:
User talk:ZockPuppet

Thanks ever so much. ZockPuppet 01:53, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:ZockPuppet


text:
Talk:Orwellian

Commentary : Unclear Sentence Structure and Thought Process
Apparently, we are challenged writers writing to challenged readers. Please clean up the sentence structure in this very important topic. The flow and clarity of this piece is horrid. I'm NOT surprised to find Orwellian forces at work on the front line of truth. Here I witness Truth strangled by naive benevolent ignorance. We are all fools to allow it. Yes, this is a citation against ourselves. Those offended should feel the full force of the rebellion for peace and liberty. Get off your pedestals and speak the truth clearly, so others may hearken the dark forces of humanity. It takes a tidal wave of spirit to overcome the decades of thought conditioning of young minds, that spirit begins with responsibility to Truth. We have the Indoctrinated explaining Orwellian, such irony. Example: He was fascinated by the effect of colonialism on the individual, requiring acceptance of the idea that the colonialist oppressor exists only for the good of the oppressed person and people. What? Such crap from the tongue of Big Brother himself. This is an example which supports the shady reputation of public domain. We can do much better. Here is responsibility to the truth, signing in seriously against ignorance.QuillShadows (talk) 19:31, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

Orwellian, the case against
I have put back what I consider the most important point about the term Orwellian; Orwell would have hated it. The problem with this is that Orwell never got the chance to find his name taken in vain and so any suggestion that Orwell hated Orwellian will be easily regarded as interpretation. I am sure Orwell might be proud that he is still read and for other features of his legacy but judging by his writings it is my belief the he would be deeply embarrassed by the frequent use of the word. As I said I can not cite Orwell as saying 'I hate the word Orwellian' but I can cite Politics and the English Language, Propaganda and Demotic Speech and numerous other snippets on his dislike of the way words are used. MeltBanana 01:48, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Orwellian has come to universally mean what it means. There's nothing to be done about it. Sorry, George. (Oops, I mean Sorry, Eric Arthur Blair.) (The negativity is not nice to his name, but, ironically, that's not really his name.) In his novel, 1984, he extrapolated a dismal future world where totalitarianism and injustice are entrenched by manipulative language (among other evils), examples of which he masterfully crafted and thoroughly explained. In other writing, he criticized many examples of manipulated language. If he offered positive examples of honest language, they're not nearly as well known or suspected. Though Orwellian names the hypocrisy and deceit which he despised, we at least think of Orwell as one who taught us to be aware of it, to watch for it in ourselves and others, and hopefully weaken its influence. I think he would not be disappointed by the coinage of the word.

 * On the other hand, what you added to the article in 2005 is quite agreeable: "It seems unlikely that Orwell would have approved of many of the uses to which his pseudonym is applied. The loose definition of the term and the often poor correlation between the real-life situations people describe as Orwellian and his own dystopian fiction leave the use of the adjective at best inexact and frequently politically inaccurate." If "Orwellian" is overused and misapplied, it loses meaning and blocks thought. Orwell would certainly criticize that. It's a perfectly cromulent word. What other word could take its place? Its possible overuse does not de-define it. A876 (talk) 05:14, 28 January 2012 (UTC)

Cleaning
There were alot of split sentences and formatting errors. I cleaned up as best as I could. D00d123 (talk) 21:47, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

I don't know enough about this subject to edit anything, but I wanted to point out this sentence fragment which confused me: "A counter-point to his previous work, immediately after his return from Spain, Homage to Catalonia." --Headybrew (talk) 21:45, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

Countries in See Also
I'm removing the countries from the See Also section. Cuba, North Korea, and the United States are all in there. I fail to see how any of these relate to the article other than that the editor thinks the country is "Orwellian". Mbarbier (talk) 19:25, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

Thatcher's England
Isn't putting that in the "See Also" section sort of like calling Thatcher a facist? Don't get me wrong, I do think Thatcher was a facist, but I don't think my opinion (or anyone else's) belongs on Wikipedia.TorontoLRT (talk) 00:53, 27 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I've removed it, and redirected the article, which was just a POV essay in any case. Robofish (talk) 00:06, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

Thatcher was anti-fascist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.87.146.68 (talk) 18:45, 14 February 2012 (UTC)

History of the term
Does anyone know who coined the term "Orwellian"? Since this is a page about a word (rather than the author George Orwell) it might help to clarify the distinction by treating the term as an historical phenomenon seperate from the author's own writings. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.198.71.4 (talk) 20:52, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

Disputed
I've just been listening to a radio interview with Christopher Hitchens in which he says that there are three distinct uses of the term "Orwellian", but didn't really catch what they were. This page, therefore, seems to be seriously incomplete. Perhaps his book "Why Orwell Matters" would be a good source for this page. Nadiatalent (talk) 17:14, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

Reference to this page in hansard
See http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/Speeches/0/1/1/49HansS_20101118_00000235-Curran-Clare-Local-Government-Act-2002-Amendment.htm

Revision of History?
A typical example is a lack of some of the best online references for this Encyclopedia (Greater India, Nigeria, UK etc included for en.), books. Unfortunately they were copyrighted. Even worse, by just one country (although it probably doesn't apply when books are not called books). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.14.248.102 (talk) 00:43, 12 September 2012 (UTC)

"It seems unlikely that Orwell would have approved of many of the uses to which his pseudonym is applied."
I disagree with MeltBanana & A876. Isn't that conjecture on someone's part... as oppose to precise information about the term? Just curious what the Wiki guidelines are.

67.101.212.35 (talk) 20:31, 15 July 2013 (UTC)

Oops... That was me... I thought I was logged-in.

albabe -  The Writer /Artist Formally Known as  Al Gordon 20:33, 15 July 2013 (UTC)

 * This would fall under the category of original research, something which is not allowed on Wikipedia... unless there is a scholar or other notable figure who has made this speculation, in which case it should be attributed to that person, not left as is as a statement of "fact". -- GentlemanGhost  (converse)  20:57, 25 April 2014 (UTC)

Usage
My interest in this article was piqued by a recent debate over the use of the term "Orwellian." It seems like this article might benefit from examples of usage, from its earliest utterance to the current time. (I suspect that there have been many.) However, I'm at a bit of a loss as to how to do this without seeming to give undue weight to a particular instance or being perceived as pushing a point of view. The recent use of Orwellian I spotted was in this Victor Davis Hanson column and this Wonkette response. I'm leaving it out of the article for now, but I thought I'd link to it here in case someone wants to follow up on it (or provide a better example, for that matter). Thanks, GentlemanGhost   (converse)  22:18, 25 April 2014 (UTC)

"Ritual abuse"
Ritual abuse is one of the links below this article. Ritual abuse redirects to "Satanic panic". I'm not sure what Orwell or the adjective 'Orwellian' has to do with this? Is it the implication that Satanic abuse is Orwellian or that the people who prosecuted parents for satanic abuse is Orwellian or that the backlash against these prosecutions is Orwellian? Either clarify or remove. FieldOfWheat (talk) 17:40, 8 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Orwellian


text:
Yadkin Valley AVA

The Yadkin Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area that includes land in seven counties of northwestern North Carolina. The AVA encompasses an area of approximately 1400000 acre in the Yadkin River valley. The Yadkin Valley AVA includes all of Wilkes, Surry, and Yadkin counties, and parts of Davie, Davidson, Forsyth, and Stokes counties. Yadkin Valley is home to 45 wineries.

History
For decades, the area was a key tobacco-growing region. However, as tobacco farming and cigarette manufacturing in the area declined, some entrepreneurs, including tobacco farmers, have turned to winemaking. The native grapes of this region of the southeastern United States include Vitis cordifolia, Vitis labrusca, Vitis aestivalis, Vitis cinerea, and Vitis rotundifolia (muscadine and scuppernong). Early attempts to grow the European wine grape, Vitis vinifera, in the southeastern United States, including 18th century efforts by Thomas Jefferson at Monticello, Virginia, had mixed success. But in the past two to three decades, viticultural research has helped these grapes to survive the climate, soil, and pests of the region. Additionally, Surry Community College, located in Dobson, North Carolina, has served as a valuable community resource for this growing industry by offering certificate and degree programs in viticulture and enology. In 2005, Davidson County Community College formed a partnership with Surry Community College for the delivery of the viticulture and enology program/certifications in Davidson and Davie counties.

In 2003, in an effort led by Charlie and Ed Shelton of Shelton Vineyards, the United States' Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives approved the new appellation for the region with the name Yadkin Valley AVA, allowing winemakers to bottle wines with a label indicating that the wine came from the Yadkin Valley. In 2005, there were 14 wineries and 400 acre of vineyards in the region. By 2013, there were 38 wineries operating in the Yadkin Valley. By mid 2024, there are 45 wineries making wine in the Yadkin Valley.

Geography
The Yadkin Valley area is in the piedmont and foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. One of the most recognizable landmarks in the AVA is Pilot Mountain. The hardiness zone is mostly 7b and ranges from 7a to 8a.

Travel
Decanter Magazine published a story about the Yadkin Valley region in October 2021.

Southern Living Magazine published a feature story about the Yadkin Valley region in November 2007.

Local wine festivals
The Yadkin Valley Wine Festival is traditionally held the third Saturday in May at the Municipal Park in Elkin. The Yadkin Valley Grape Festival is held the third Saturday in October in Yadkinville. Prior to 2005, these wineries also participated in the North Carolina Wine Festival. The Budbreak Wine and Craft Beer Festival is usually held in downtown Mount Airy, North Carolina on the first Saturday in May.

 * Yadkin Valley Wine Festival

Wineries

 * Adagio Vineyards
 * Brandon Hills Vineyard
 * Carolina Heritage
 * Castello Barone
 * Cellar 4201
 * Childress Vineyards
 * Christian Paul Vineyards
 * Curran Alexander
 * Divine Llama
 * Dobbins Creek Vineyards
 * Dynamis Estate Wines
 * Elkin Creek Vineyard
 * Golden Road Vineyards
 * Grassy Creek Vineyard & Winery
 * Hanover Park
 * Haze Gray Vineyards
 * Hidden Vineyard
 * JOLO Winery & Vineyards
 * Jones von Drehle Vineyards
 * Junius Lindsay
 * Laurel Gray Vineyards
 * Lazy Elm Vineyards
 * McRitchie Winery & Ciderworks
 * Medaloni Cellars
 * MenaRick Vineyards
 * Midnight Magdalena Vineyards
 * Native Vines Winery
 * Old North State Winery
 * Piccione Vineyards
 * Raffaldini Vineyards
 * RagApple Lassie Winery
 * Rayson Winery and Vineyards
 * Roaring River Vineyards
 * Round Peak
 * Sanders Ridge Winery
 * Serre Vineyards
 * Shadow Springs Vineyard
 * Shelton Vineyards
 * Slightly Askew Winery
 * Sotrio Vineyards
 * Stardust Cellars
 * Stony Knoll Vineyards
 * Surry Cellars
 * Weathervane Winery
 * Windsor Run Cellars

title: Yadkin Valley AVA


text:
Yadhira Carrillo

Yadhira Carrillo Villalobos (born May 12, 1972) is a Mexican actress, model and beauty queen.

Early career
Yadhira Carrillo was chosen Nuestra Belleza Aguascalientes in 1994, the state qualifier for the national Nuestra Belleza México, to determine Mexico's contestant for the Miss Universe 1995 competition. Carrillo finished as first-runner-up at the Nuestra Belleza México 1994.

After this, Carrillo entered the Centro de Educación Artística (CEA), planning for a career in performing arts.

Acting career
After a "special appearance" in the telenovela Canción de amor, producer Carla Estrada offered Carrillo the supporting role of Teresa in the telenovela Te Sigo Amando (I still love you). She worked with Estrada again playing Josefina in María Isabel. After appearing in several episodes of Mujer, casos de la vida real, and portraying a villain in the TV-special Mas allá de la Usurpadora, she received her first co-starring role in El Niño que vino del mar (The Boy Who Came From The Sea).

Producer Ernesto Alonso hired Carrillo for the role of the antagonist in El precio de tu amor (The Price of Your Love). This was followed by a duo-role in the 2002 telenovela La Otra (The Other Woman), where she played two characters who are polar opposites; Carlota Guillen, a good natured daughter who is abused, subjugated and manipulated by her mother, and Cordelia Portugal, a manipulative gold digger.

In addition to her career in Mexico, Carrillo debuted abroad with a role in the Spanish telenovela El Secreto (The Secret), in which she plays a perverse ex fiancée of the protagonist, played by fellow Mexican actor Eduardo Capetillo. In 2004 Carrillo was the protagonist in Amarte es mi Pecado (Loving You is My Sin), and also played a special guest star role in Rubí, as Elena Navarro. In 2005 she starred in Barrera de Amor (Barrier of Love).

Carrillo retired from acting in 2008.

Personal life
She was married to Michael Kuhn. In 2012 she married Juan Collado, ex-husband of Leticia Calderón.

title: Yadhira Carrillo


text:
Choctawhatchee River

The Choctawhatchee River is a 141 mi river in the southern United States, flowing through southeast Alabama and the Panhandle of Florida before emptying into Choctawhatchee Bay in Okaloosa and Walton counties. The river, the bay and their adjacent watersheds collectively drain 5350 sqmi.

Overview
The Choctawhatchee originates as two separate forks (East Fork and West Fork) in Barbour County, Alabama; the East Fork flows through Henry County and joins the West Fork in eastern Dale County about four miles (6 km) above Newton.

The unified river then flows southwest through Dale and Geneva counties into Florida, collecting tributaries along the way: the Little Choctawhatchee River in Dale County, and the Pea River near Geneva. It then flows south into Florida, terminating at Choctawhatchee Bay. Other Alabama tributaries are Claybank Creek and Tight Eye Creek.

Once in Florida, the river continues southwesterly through Holmes, Walton and Bay counties until reaching its namesake bay. Major tributaries in Florida include Holmes, Wright, Sandy, Pine Log, Seven Run and Bruce creeks. Choctawhatchee Bay empties into the Gulf of Mexico at East Pass near Destin, Florida.

Flora and fauna
The Choctawhatchee contains several species of fish, including several species of sunfish, channel catfish and spotted bass; other species include Redhorse suckers and carpsuckers. Gulf Sturgeon, Alabama Shad, and Skipjack Shad use the river for spawning activities; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service even collected 522 different sturgeon during a study conducted in October and November 2008; sizes ranging from 1 to 160 pounds. Scientists report sighting sturgeon as far upriver as Newton; they appear to prefer the limestone bottoms for laying their eggs.

As recently as the 1920s, sturgeon fishing was a thriving industry in Geneva, with many large fish being caught, packed in barrels, and shipped north.

Twenty-one Aquatic Snails and Freshwater Mussel species exist in the Choctawhatchee, with one of the former and two of the latter found only in this particular river.

Researchers from Auburn University and the University of Windsor, Ontario, reported possible sightings in 2005 and 2006 of ivory-billed woodpeckers along the Choctawhatchee River.

70% of the Choctawhatchee's watershed is forested; the remainder is mostly croplands and pasture. Trees found along the Choctawhatchee include southern pine, beech, magnolia, laurel oak, basswood, Florida maple and American holly. The lower Choctawhatchee contains "pitcher-plant bog" and other swamp habitat, including cypress trees draped with Spanish moss. Alligators are found in the river's lower reaches.

Water quality
The Choctawhatchee has little industry along its banks; consequently it has rather clean water, except for excess turbidity, usually due to runoff from unpaved county roads. The Choctawhatchee, Pea and Yellow Rivers Watershed Management District was instrumental in getting a grant to place gravel on many county roads, which reduced the average turbidity.

Illegal dumping of household garbage and animal carcasses is a problem, but not enough of one to seriously affect water quality in the Alabama portion of the river, where water quality is described as "good to very good". This changes somewhat in the Florida section of the river, due to the presence of several wastewater treatment plants, animal-waste sites, and erosion. Three of the river's Florida tributaries are described as "polluted" with "waste water effluent".

Flooding
The Choctawhatchee has not always been on good behavior, having flooded Geneva in the so-called "Lincoln Freshet" of 1865, and the Hoover Flood of 1929. The Lincoln Freshet induced many of the townspeople to move to higher ground approximately a half-mile north, while the Hoover Flood swept away most of the remnants of Old Town Geneva. Damage from subsequent floods has been limited by a WPA-project levee. Areas outside the levee did not fare so well, and were purchased by FEMA after three floods during the 1990s. The March 1990 flood caused over $88 million in damages.

Similar flooding occurred in Caryville, Florida in July 1994, in which the river rose to 29 feet, submerging most of the town. A federal FEMA 'buyout' program was implemented, allowing many residents to leave. As a result, the population dropped from 1500 to under 200.

Historical anecdotes
A natural inland waterway connects Choctawhatchee Bay to Pensacola Bay, making it possible for keelboats and later steamboats to navigate between Pensacola, Florida and Geneva, Alabama, and as far upstream as Newton. Before that, the river was a supply route and avenue of commerce for thousands of years to the indigenous peoples of the area.

Sam Story, also known as Timpoochee Kinnard, was chief of a band of Euchee (Yuchi) Indians in the early 19th century in present-day Walton County. They occupied lands on and to the west of the Choctawhatchee River. His parents were a Yuchi woman, whose name is not known, and Timothy Kinnard, a white man of Scottish descent, who had come to the area as a trader. According to the matrilineal system of the Yuchi, Sam was considered born to his mother's people and he was raised as Yuchi. The chief became a well-known figure in the Florida Panhandle and was highly respected by whites. Following the United States' acquisition of this territory in 1821 from Spain, European Americans entered the panhandle in greater numbers, encroaching on Euchee and Creek territory.

In 1814 Andrew Jackson built a stockade called the "Block House" at the confluence of the East and West forks of the Chocktawhatchee, near Newton.

European-American settlers also used the river in their time, from the years of the earliest land patents around Geneva (1841) until the late 1930s. The Bloomer, a 130-ton side-wheeler with high-pressure engines, navigated the route between Geneva and Pensacola in 1857, as did the Brooklyn, a steamboat built in Geneva.

During the American Civil War, the Confederate steamboat Bloomer was the object of an 1862 raid by 25 Union soldiers of the 91st New York State Volunteers, who were stationed at Fort Pickens near Pensacola. This attack was led by Lt. James H. Stewart, assisted by Acting Master Elias D. Bruner, of the USS Charlotte (1862), along with Acting Ensign Edward Crissey. They seized the steamboat in Geneva without firing a shot, and sailed it down the Choctawhatchee to the Bay.

Recreation
The Choctawhatchee is a popular river with canoeists, although access to the upper portions is difficult. The Canoe-Camping website named the Choctawhatchee "an undiscovered gem" and "a beauty", heartily recommending it to canoeists. Several public access points and camping sites make the river accessible for recreation.

Alabama
{| class="wikitable" ! Crossing ! Carries ! Image ! Location ! ID number ! Coordinates ! colspan="6" |

Alabama

 * US 84.svg US 84
 * Daleville, Dale County, Alabama
 * 31.275268, -85.678006
 * Alabama 92.svg SR 92
 * Daleville, Dale County, Alabama
 * 31.236252, -85.688616
 * Alabama 167.svg SR 167
 * Hartford, Geneva County, Alabama
 * 31.169595, -85.741848
 * Alabama 52.svg SR 52
 * Geneva, Geneva County, Alabama
 * 31.041124, -85.852066
 * }
 * 31.236252, -85.688616
 * Alabama 167.svg SR 167
 * Hartford, Geneva County, Alabama
 * 31.169595, -85.741848
 * Alabama 52.svg SR 52
 * Geneva, Geneva County, Alabama
 * 31.041124, -85.852066
 * }
 * Alabama 52.svg SR 52
 * Geneva, Geneva County, Alabama
 * 31.041124, -85.852066
 * }
 * Geneva, Geneva County, Alabama
 * 31.041124, -85.852066
 * }
 * }

title: Choctawhatchee River


text:
Hyderabad District

Hyderabad District may refer to:

 * Hyderabad district, India
 * Hyderabad District, Sindh, Pakistan

title: Hyderabad District


text:
Dick the Bruiser

William Fritz Afflis Jr. (June 27, 1929 – November 10, 1991) was an American professional wrestler, promoter, and National Football League player, better known by his ring name, Dick the Bruiser. During his NFL days he played four seasons with the Green Bay Packers. He was also very successful professional wrestler: sixteen-time world champion, AWA World Heavyweight Champion once, WWA World Heavyweight Champion (Indianapolis version) thirteen times, World Heavyweight Champion (Omaha version) once, and WWA World Heavyweight Champion (Los Angeles version) once. He also excelled at tag-team wrestling, with 20 tag team championships in his career. Eleven of these championships were won alongside his long-time tag-team partner Crusher Lisowski.

He was one of the most well known heels from the mid-1950s until the early 1980s, famous for his feuds with the likes of Lou Thesz, Bobo Brazil, Angelo Poffo, and "Classie" Freddie Blassie. He was inducted into the WWE hall of fame class of 2021 and the 2005 International Wrestling Hall of Fame.

Early life
Born in Delphi, Indiana, Afflis moved to Indianapolis when his mother got a job there during World War II. Afflis played football during his freshman and sophomore years for Shortridge High School in Indianapolis. After his mother lost her job, the family moved back to Delphi, and the high school there did not have a football team. Afflis took up residence at the YMCA in nearby Lafayette, Indiana, so that he was eligible to attend Lafayette Jefferson High School, where he played football and wrestled. Afflis went on to attend Purdue University and the University of Nevada, Reno, playing varsity football at both schools. He also worked as a bouncer at a Reno nightclub.

American football career
Selected 186th overall in the 16th round of the 1951 professional football draft, Afflis played football for the Green Bay Packers from 1951 to 1954 as a lineman. He appeared in all 48 regular season games the Packers played in those years, although the team never finished better than fourth place. Afflis suffered an injury to his larynx while playing for the Packers. This resulted in his trademark gravelly voice that he would keep for the rest of his life.

Professional wrestling career
Bruiser made his professional wrestling debut in 1954. He was trained by Verne Gagne. Afflis started wrestling in Chicago in 1955 under the Bruiser moniker where he faced Gagne and Lou Thesz. Gagne guided him in his initial days of becoming a professional wrestler. From then into the late 1950s, Dick the Bruiser wrestled live every Thursday on TV in the Detroit area. His typical opponent was "an up and coming young (unknown) wrestler" who would be pulverized by the Bruiser. His matches and interviews were so effective he became a household name in the Detroit area. His only defeat on live TV was at the hands of “Cowboy” Bob Ellis. However, in two rematches with Ellis at the Olympia in Detroit, the Bruiser was victorious. In 1963, Dick the Bruiser was involved with NFL star Alex Karras to set up a match between the two. Bruiser was supposed to brawl with Karras at Lindell's Bar, a drinking establishment co-owned by Karras and the Butsicaris brothers. What was supposed to be a worked shoot turned into a real brawl when one of the Butsicaris boys' uncles attacked Dick the Bruiser, unaware the event was staged. Bruiser proceeded to destroy the bar and injure a number of police officers who showed up to the melee; there were reportedly over 300 people hurt. In the end, eight officers subdued him, and the Bruiser ultimately won the match. He was charged with aggravated assault and had to cover $50,000 in damages for two policemen that he injured during the brawl. On November 19, 1957, Dick the Bruiser and Dr. Jerry Graham engaged in a tag team match at Madison Square Garden in New York City before a crowd reported of 12,987. Their opponents were Antonino Rocca and Édouard Carpentier. After the match ended, fighting among the wrestlers continued, and a large number of fans joined in, leading to a riot. Two policemen were injured, two fans were arrested, and over 60 policemen had difficulty dispersing the angry crowd. The floor of the arena was littered with hundreds of broken chairs. As a result, Afflis was banned for life by the New York State Athletic Commission. Afflis, along with fellow wrestler and business partner Wilbur Snyder, purchased the Indianapolis NWA promotion in 1964 from its longtime owner Jim Barnett. Afflis renamed the territory the World Wrestling Association (WWA) and promoted himself as its champion. While he ran it as an independent promotion with its own titles and champion, the WWA had a working agreement with the larger AWA (owned by wrestler Verne Gagne), sharing talent and recognizing their championships. This agreement benefited both promotions and led to the Bruiser having five AWA World Tag Team Championship reigns, with tag team partner, The Crusher, who was billed as his "cousin". Afflis was the first to christen manager Bobby Heenan with the nickname of "The Weasel" during his run in the territory. Afflis' WWA ran from 1964 until 1989, when he finally tired of losing talent, TV, and fan attendance to the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). In 1971, he teamed with The Shiek and faced Crazy Luke Graham and Tarzan Tyler for the newly created WWWF Tagteam Championship which graham and Tyler won.

Afflis, with his charisma, NFL notoriety, and gravelly-voiced, tough-guy persona was a legitimate cross-media star, becoming something of a hero in the Indianapolis area. He made his home on the northwest side of the city. Indianapolis native David Letterman (whose career would be launched by the Bruiser) would later name his television show's band The World's Most Dangerous Band as a derivation of Dick the Bruiser's nickname, "The World's Most Dangerous Wrestler". The moniker "Dick the Bruiser" was even used in the 1980s by George Baier, a co-host of the morning drive show on Detroit rock radio station WRIF. Baier's "Richard T. Bruiser" was an effective, entertaining impersonation of Afflis, who actually played himself in a number of popular TV ads for WRIF. After retiring, Afflis was a color commentator for the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling (GLOW), founded by David McLane, who had previously risen through the ranks as a teenager to manage the WWA for Afflis. He also worked as a talent agent for World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and was the special guest referee at the Starrcade 1990 main event between Sting and the Black Scorpion.

Personal life and death
His son-in-law wrestles as Dick the Bruiser Jr. in the independent circuit.

Afflis died of internal bleeding on November 10, 1991, according to a spokesman for Suncoast Hospital in Largo, Florida, near his winter home. His widow, Louise, said her husband had been weightlifting at home with his adopted son, Jon Carney, and ruptured a blood vessel in his esophagus.

Championships and accomplishments

 * 50th State Big Time Wrestling
 * NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Hawaii version) (1 time)
 * American Wrestling Alliance
 * AWA World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Wilbur Snyder
 * American Wrestling Association
 * AWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * AWA World Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with The Crusher
 * World Heavyweight Championship (Omaha version) (1 time)
 * AWA United States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Big Time Wrestling
 * NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Detroit version) (4 times)
 * Fred Kohler Enterprises
 * NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Chicago version) (1 time)
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship (Chicago version) (1 time) – with Gene Kiniski
 * Japan Wrestling Association
 * NWA International Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with The Crusher
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * PWI Tag Team of the Year (1972) with The Crusher
 * Ranked #300 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
 * Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * (Class of 2005) – Tag Team with Crusher
 * (Class of 2011) – Television Era
 * St. Louis Wrestling Club
 * NWA Missouri Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 * St. Louis Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * (Class of 2007)
 * World Championship Wrestling
 * WCW Hall of Fame (Class of 1994)
 * World Wrestling Association
 * WWA World Heavyweight Championship (13 times)
 * WWA World Tag Team Championship (15 times) – with The Crusher (6), Wilbur Snyder (3), Bruno Sammartino (1), Bill Miller (1), Spike Huber (1), Jeff Van Kamp (1), Bobby Colt (1) and Calypso Jim (1)
 * Worldwide Wrestling Associates
 * WWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)
 * WWE
 * WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2021)
 * Other titles
 * World Heavyweight Championship (Georgia version) (1 time)

title: Dick the Bruiser


text:
Talk:Athletics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 Metres

Is this me, or the page title is worng? Zscout370 (Sound Off) 01:54, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:IBM 1360

The initial article was developed from the first link, with corrections garnered from the IBM document. Several more corrections were provided by a former LLNL photostore user, and the documents are from LLNL under permission.

Maury 01:54, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

A terabit really isn't that impressive today. 1 terabit = 125gb, a number easily doubled by standard drives today. A terabyte is still somewhat impressive.

Raztus 06:50, 26 June 2005 (UTC)

An LLL user of the terabit store recently bought a 1 TB disk systems off Brewster Kahle for $1,000 from the Internet Archive. My occasional officemate at another site (the user) was quite impressed. Rack it up toe Moore's law. 143.232.210.150 (talk) 00:04, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:IBM 1360


text:
Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest

Belarus participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 16 times, making its debut in and having its last appearance in. The Belarusian participant broadcaster in the contest was the Belarusian Television and Radio Company (BTRC). Since 1 July 2021, Belarus has been unable to participate in the contest following the suspension of BTRC's membership in the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The country's first appearance in a final was in, with the song "Work Your Magic" performed by Dmitry Koldun, where it placed sixth; this remains Belarus' only top ten placement. Belarus also qualified for the final in, , , , and. More recently, the nation had planned to take part in the canceled contest and was disqualified from taking part in the  contest.

History
The Belarusian Television and Radio Company (BTRC) was a full member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) since 1 January 1993, thus eligible to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest since then. It participated in the contest representing Belarus since its in 2004.

Belarus entered the contest in the same year that semi-finals began to be used to determine who would compete in the final. Belarus has qualified for the final six times: in with "Work Your Magic", in  with "Butterflies", in  with "Solayoh", in  with "Cheesecake", in  with "Story of My Life", and in  with "Like It".

Alexander Rybak, the winner of the contest representing, expressed an interest in composing an entry for his birth country Belarus. Rybak's song "Accent", performed by Milki, competed in the Belarusian national final for the contest, placing fourth.

Belarus originally planned to participate in the contest, and were set to perform in the first half of the first semi-final. On 9 March 2021, Galasy ZMesta was announced as the chosen entrant with the song "Ya nauchu tebya (I'll Teach You)". However, the entry was disqualified on 11 March, as it was decided by the EBU that the song was in violation of the contest's rules. Belarusian broadcaster BTRC was ordered to submit either a new version of the song or an entirely new song that is compliant with the rules, or face disqualification. On 26 March, BTRC submitted the song "Pesnya pro zaytsev (Song about hares)" (Песня про зайцев), also sung by Galasy ZMesta, as Belarus' new entry, however that song was also disqualified, again for the same reasons as their previous attempt, and Belarus was subsequently disqualified from the 2021 contest altogether.

On 28 May 2021, six days after the 2021 final, the EBU voted to suspend BTRC's membership. BTRC was given two weeks to respond before the suspension came into effect on 11 June, but there was no public response. The broadcaster was expelled from the EBU on 1 July, therefore losing the rights to broadcast and participate in the contest. It was subsequently stated that the expulsion would last for three years, however, in late April 2024 (one month before the expiration), the EBU declared that there was "no reason to change position at the current time", thus making the suspension indefinite.

Heads of delegation
Each participating broadcaster in the Eurovision Song Contest assigns a head of delegation as the EBU's contact person and the leader of their delegation at the event. The delegation, whose size can greatly vary, includes a head of press, the performers, songwriters, composers, and backing vocalists, among others.

title: Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest


text:
Francesinha

Francesinha ( meaning little French woman ) is a Portuguese sandwich, originally from Porto, made with layers of toasted bread and assorted hot meats such as roast, steak, wet-cured ham, linguiça, or chipolata over which sliced cheese is melted by the ladling of a near-boiling tomato-and-beer sauce called molho de francesinha. It is typically served with french fries.

History
The francesinha is a twentieth-century creation attributed to Daniel David de Silva who, upon returning to Portugal from time spent in France and Belgium, tried to adapt the croque-monsieur to Portuguese tastes. In 1953, he introduced a sandwich with local meats and a custom beer-and-tomato sauce at A Regaleira, a restaurant in Rua do Bonjardim in Porto. The francesinha quickly became a popular dish, and while it remains associated with the city, it can now be found throughout Portugal.

Variations
There is no standard recipe for the francesinha. Different restaurants in Portugal have special variations, such as:
 * Café Barcarola (Porto): Francesinha à Barcarola - A Francesinha Especial with prawns and shrimp;
 * Café Ábaco (Porto): Francesinha de carne assada - A Francesinha Especial with roast pork;
 * A Cascata (Porto): Francesinha à Cascata - A Francesinha Especial with mushrooms and cream;

The francesinha especial (special francesinha) is a francesinha with egg and/or potato chips. Other variations of the original include fillings such as pork, chicken, pastrami, tuna, cod and vegetarian options.

Sauce
Francesinha sauce varies, with each establishment having its variation. The only common ingredient is beer. Most, though not all, sauces are tomato based and vary in their degree of spiciness. The colour is usually red or orange.

Regional variants
Francesinha poveira is a form of francesinha distinctive to Póvoa de Varzim, north of Porto, created in the early 1960s. The poveira form uses different bread and sauce to form a sandwich that can be eaten by hand.

Pica-pau is a breadless variant in which a steak is cut into bite-sized pieces and covered with sauce. The name pica-pau (woodpecker) references the traditional means of consumption with small skewers or toothpicks—making the diner "peck" at the dish.

Reception
The Daily Meal included the francesinha in their article "12 Life-Changing Sandwiches You've Never Heard Of".

title: Francesinha


text:
Talk:Blaster (computer worm)

Who is behind it
One group may have been involved in blaster worm: Apple Computers inc. The whole plan is like this: In order to boost Apple computer sales, Apple decied to hire someone to make a Virus to wipe out Microsoft. The Kid, Jeff Parson, was the one. The Virus would then target Microsoft, eventually shutting the business down. So if the had paln suceeded, Bill Gates would lose a lot of money, Apple would dominate the computer world once again, and we would all be using Macs right now.--The Republican 23:52, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

 * That seems rather, um... unlikely. --Xanzzibar 18:07, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

unlikely, yes. impossible, no.--The Republican 23:53, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

I myself have doubts, the kid could have said that mac paid him off in an attempt to get a lesser sentence. This shows no record of that.--acebrock(no account)

--

Put down the bong man...

--Boochan 14:04, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

From http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2123165/fbi-arrests-stupid-blaster-b-suspect

According to court papers, the original Blaster was created after a Chinese hacking collective called Xfocus reverse engineered the original Microsoft patch.

Anon's addition
that jeffrey didn't even know about programming

all he did was:

1) unpack msblast.exe (it was compressed with UPX) 2) bind it with a backdoor 3) run it in order to infectt more computers

do Microsoft pay all you to post this kind of "news"??

Redirect
Jeffrey Lee Parson redirects here, and his name is on a 'convicted hackers' list, so when you click on his name to learn about him, it sends you to a worm that doesn't talk much of his arrest. Point of this: how would I go about to remove the redirect, but still be able to tell the user that he was responsible for the worm without writing anything? (Seeming I don't know anything about him) Lovok 17:19, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

He was not responsible for the worm. He found the existing blaster worm and made some slight changes to it and made the "b" variant and got caught. The authors of the original worm did not get caught.

actually just so you all know it was proven that jeffrey lee parson did know about programming and that there was a reason he did what he did, but none of that was public

Apparent
"is an apparent message to Bill Gates, the co-founder of Microsoft"

Out of general curiosity, is it necessary to say it's an "apparent" message? It's got his first and last name right on the message. Harksaw
 * No, no we don't. I've changed it. - JNighthawk 00:51, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

something to watch for
"A Wikipedia page has been used by hackers in an attempt to spread malicious code.

The entry for the W32.Blaster worm in the German version of the popular online encyclopedia was altered to include false information about a new version of the Lovesan/MS Blaster worm, with links to a supposed fix. The fix was actually a piece of malicious code, according to antivirus vendor Sophos."

 * --CNET News

Doldrums 16:09, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

The same news was just repeated on NPR. 4.152.93.33 04:04, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

Two notes
To mitigate the attack Microsoft changed the A record for windowsupdate.com to 127.0.0.1. As a side effect, some Windows systems responded with ICMP unreachables to random destinations.

Cjcoleman 20070114

Mitigation section
I've removed this section, as Wikipedia is not a how-to guide. Also removed Trivia section, as it is empty. Flyguy649talkcontribs 15:30, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Windows restarting because of RPC termination.png
Image:Windows restarting because of RPC termination.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 23:21, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

shutdown because of unstability?
I dont't think, that unstability is the reason for the shutdown. I think the reason for the shutdown is, that the virus executes "shutdown -s -t 60 -c "Windows must now restart because the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) Service terminated unexpectedly."". The shutdown can also be aborted w/ shutdown -a and the system normally runs stable after this, until the next shutdown-window appears. --Qaywsxedc (talk) 22:22, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

Agreed, I came to lookup the virus which infected me back in 03. My computer wouldn't slow down before during or after that stupid window came up. My high school diploma thinks that the virus initiates the shutdown sequence. I know nothing about computers, but I came to the talk page to give my response to something I read in the article which possibly could be inaccurate. Sentriclecub (talk) 05:47, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

Yes, this was due to the worm causing the RPC service to work so hard it crashed. When it did, the system is set to reboot. If it was set to tell your computer to restart, then it wouldn't have time to spread so much. Btw, I used to work for Convergys and did SBC DSL support. I will add to the article that I, on the Saturday before the major outbreak on Monday, got a call with a user complaining about the shutdown message, and how the problem became much worse since the SBC Broadjump software is set to turn off the firewall in the XP DSL connection. Sprockkets (talk) 07:30, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

let's tell people also WHY the thing is called "blaster"!
there is a file called MSBLAST.EXE on the hard disk of the infected machine. this information i cannot read anywhere. -andy 78.51.68.229 (talk) 00:43, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

Game sites
This thing is on Miniclip and some other online game sites. I had to replace a computer because of this thing. Powerzilla (talk) 22:41, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Windows XP Emergency Shutdown.png
The image Image:Windows XP Emergency Shutdown.png is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

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This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --05:49, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

Windows 7
I have discovered that the blaster worm also affects Windows 7. I made the mistake of downloading a Lego Star Wars: The Video Game computer demo, then it spread. It completely ruined my mother's laptop. We fixed it, but now it's missing the driver. It now appears to affect Windows 7. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.8.12.169 (talk) 18:11, 25 December 2011 (UTC)

"SAN"?
So, does anyone have any clue what the "I love san" part of the message meant? Is that an acronym? It's not grammatically correct unless it's a name or acronym. Also, they mention a kid being arrested for creating a "Blaster B", but the article doesn't explain anything about this incident. It ought to give context at least.AnnaGoFast (talk) 07:52, 17 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blaster (computer worm)


text:
Brachypelma smithi

Brachypelma smithi is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas) native to Mexico. It has been confused with Brachypelma hamorii; both have been called Mexican redknee tarantulas. Mexican redknee tarantulas are a popular choice as pets among tarantula keepers. Many earlier sources referring to B. smithi either relate to B. hamorii or do not distinguish between the two species. B. smithi is a terrestrial tarantula native to Pacific coast of the Mexican state of Guerrero.

Description
Brachypelma smithi is a large spider. A sample of seven females had a total body length (excluding chelicerae and spinnerets) in the range 52 –. A sample of eight males were slightly smaller, with a total body length in the range 44 –. Although males have slightly shorter bodies, they have longer legs. The fourth leg is the longest, measuring 70 mm in the type male and 66 mm in a female. The legs and palps are bluish black with three distinctly colored rings: dark reddish orange on the part of the patellae closest to the body with light yellowish pink further away, pale yellowish pink on the lower part of the tibiae, and pinkish white at the end of the metatarsi. Adult males have a yellowish brown carapace; the upper surface of the abdomen is black. Adult females vary more in carapace color and pattern. The carapace may be mainly bluish black with a light brown border, or the dark area may be broken up into a "starburst" pattern or almost reduced to two dark patches in the eye area.

Taxonomy
The species was first described by Frederick Pickard-Cambridge in 1897 as Eurypelma smithi. It was collected at Dos Arroyos, Guerrero, Mexico, by H. H. Smith. It was transferred to the genus Brachypelma by Reginald Pocock in 1903. Pickard-Cambridge identified the type specimen as a female, but in 1968 it was noticed that it was actually an immature male. In 1994, A. M. Smith confirmed that the holotype was an immature male, and redescribed the species using two different specimens: an adult male and an adult female. The specimens he used cannot now be found, but his description makes it clear that they actually belonged to a different species, B. hamorii. Even prior to Smith's description, B. hamorii had been misidentified as B. smithi.

The two species have very similar colour patterns. When viewed from above, the chelicerae of B. hamorii have two brownish pink bands on a greyish background, not visible on all individuals. B. smithi lacks these bands. Mature males of the two species can be distinguished by the shape of the palpal bulb. That of B. smithi is straighter with a broad spoon shape when viewed retrolaterally and a wider keel at the apex. In mature females of B. smithi the baseplate of the spermatheca is divided and subtriangular, rather than elliptical as in B. hamorii; also the ventral face of the spermatheca is striated rather than smooth.

Brachypelma annitha was described as a separate species in 1997, but is now considered to be conspecific with B. smithi.

DNA barcoding
DNA barcoding has been applied to some Mexican species of Brachypelma. In this approach, a portion of about 650 base pairs of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) is used, primarily to identify existing species, but also sometimes to support a separation between species. In 2017, Mendoza and Francke showed that although B. smithi and B. hamorii are similar in superficial external appearance, they are clearly distinguished both by some finer aspects of morphology and by their DNA barcodes, although the supposed species B. annitha is nested within B. smithii.

Distribution and habitat
Brachypelma smithi and the very similar B. hamorii are found along the Pacific coast of Mexico on opposite sides of the Balsas River basin as it opens onto the Pacific. B. smithi is found to the south, in the state of Guerrero. The natural habitat of the species is in hilly deciduous tropical forests. It constructs or extends burrows under rocks and tree roots, among dense thickets and deciduous forests.

The burrows were described in 1999 by a source which did not distinguish between Brachypelma hamorii and B. smithi. The deep burrows keep them protected from predators, like the white-nosed coati, and enable them to ambush passing prey, such as large insects, frogs and mice. The females spend the majority of their lives in their burrows. The burrows are typically located in or not far from vegetation and consist of a single entrance with a tunnel leading to one or two chambers. The entrance is just slightly larger than the body size of the spider. The tunnel, usually about three times the tarantula's leg span in length, leads to a chamber which is large enough for the spider to safely molt. Further down the burrow, via a shorter tunnel, a larger chamber is located where the spider rests and eats its prey. When the tarantula needs privacy, e.g. when molting or laying eggs, the entrance is sealed with silk, sometimes supplemented with soil and leaves.

Conservation
In 1985, B. smithi (then not distinguished from B. hamorii) was placed on CITES Appendix II, and in 1994, all remaining Brachypelma species were added. Large numbers of Mexican redknee tarantulas caught in the wild continue to be smuggled out of Mexico. It is reported that at least 3,000 specimens of Mexican tarantulas were sent to the United States or Europe a few years prior to 2017, most of which were Mexican redknee tarantulas.

title: Brachypelma smithi