text:
Talk:50 goals in 50 games

Untitled
That last change doesn't make sense. The player doesn't have to play in 50 games. What is important to the rule book is that the player's goal is scored in the team's 50th game (or less). True Neely played in only 49 games that year...but they weren't the team's first 49 games. If Neely's 49th game was also the team's forty ninth game, then the record would count.

 * Right, I get it now. I misread the table at . sjorford →•← 09:52, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

to MJR...
You did a great job at editing this site. But i do have one question for you. The grammar in this sentence (under the Brett Hull heading) is a little confusing:

 * Hull was the first beat rookie goalie Dave Gagnon on January 21, 1991, in the Blues' 49th game

what exactly is meant?

It means I'm an idiot, that's what. It could also have meant that it was the first goal allowed by Gagnon, but as usual me edit self lots, bad grammar ensues. I meant to remove his involvement, but whatever.

They're not doing "a great job". Wikipedia has never done a great job. FACT. These "contributors" act like website administrators in private discussions, and act like moderators of pages they deem theirs which is asinine. It's a public resource. Not a fascist depository. I know of instances where groups of these leftists have gone as far as to conspire to remove content and remove users completely, just to control content as if they own history in some sycophantic manner. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.136.91.93 (talk) 04:13, 16 October 2023 (UTC)

Alexander Mogilny?
Alexander Mogilny scored 50 in 50? I wasn't aware of that. Where do you get your sources from? If he in fact did score 50 in 50, then we should add his name down with Cam Neely. I am too tired right now to do any research, but tomorrow when i wake up, i will have a look and see what i can dig up. Masterhatch july 15 2005

 * I did a Google search and i was unable to find anything on Mogilny scoring 50 in 50. I don't have any books at my disposal to sift through, so I looked everywhere on the net. Either I am just missing it, or he didn't score 50 in 50. Yes, he scored 76 goals in 77 games that year, but I have found nothing on 50 in 50. Mr. 142.179.186.57, could you please cite your sources. Masterhatch 16 July 2005

 * This article makes the assertion that Mogilny was the last to score 50 in 50, but no details. This article also puts Mogilny in the 50 in 50 club, no details either. Qutezuce 20:51, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
 * That is so frustrating. Why couldn't they add details about his 50 in 50? If we can get more details, we can add it to this article. Masterhatch 03:40, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

 * A post to a forum includes Mogilny in the unofficial 50 in 50 club, and it also mentions an unofficial 50in50 for Lemieux in the 95-96 season. If we can get some confirmation and details of these then they both should be added. Qutezuce 02:28, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

I've found one more page with evidence for Mogilny here. If that post is to be believed then there is a hockey card commemorating Mogilny's 50 in 50. Further I have come across some good proof of Lemieux's unofficial "50 in 50"s here. That page is a game summary for a game in the 95-96 season in which Mario got 50 in 50, and it also mentions that he did it in the 92-93 season. One troubling thing is that the page mentions Mario's 50 in 50 from 95-96 to be the 11th time it's been done. Given the 8 official ones, plus Cam Neely, plus Jari Kurri, plus two more unofficial ones for Mario = 12. How sure are we about Jari Kurri's 50 in 50? Cam Neely's seems to be pretty well documented, it was mentioned a lot in recent articles about Neely going into the Hall of Fame. This also seems to cast some doubt on Mogilny's 50 in 50 (which would make it 13 instead of 12). The more I dig the more information there is still left to find out. Qutezuce 01:59, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow, this gets more and more confusing all the time. Well, I think there is enough info to add Mario to the unofficial part. But Alex seems confusing because we still don't know how many team games it took him to get 50. Masterhatch 03:39, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

The funny thing in this dispute is that people are relying exclusively upon websites for information. I wish I'd bought into it earlier, because of course the printed NHL Media Guide has, for all of my lifetime, included detailed lists of every fifty goal scorer in history. According to the listing, Mogilny reached 50 goals in the 1993 season in his 49th game and the team's 53rd, on March 2nd against Hartford. Actually, I'll use this list to vette all the players cited.

You're all welcome. (grins) Ravenswing 08:00, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Jari Kurri too?
While looking around on the net for more information and the possibly rumoured Mogilny's 50 in 50, I ran across this:

 * The AGAL best: Brett Hull, 52 in 1990-91. Remember when "50 goals in 50 games" was incredibly rare? Gretzky did it three times, Hull twice, Lemieux once, plus of course Maurice Richard and Mike Bossy, the first two to ever do it. (Jari Kurri and Cam Neely each scored 50 within their first 50 games in a season, but not within their team's).

I found that here:
 * http://en.ccmsports.com/community/articles/view_article.php?article_id=330&s=16

Does anyone out there have any more information about Jari Kurri's 50 in 50? Also, does anyone out there know which Bruin game was Neely's last game? Masterhatch 17 July 2005

 * In Neely's 50/50 season his 50th goal came in his 44th, and his team's 66th game. The last game he played in that year was March 19, 1994 against the Devils where he hurt his healthy knee (He never played more then 7 games in a row that year because he was resting his left knee).  The Devils game he got injured in was the team's 72nd of the season.--MJR 22:32, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow, MJR, you are truly amazing with your stat finding. Were you able to find anything more about Kurri's 50 in 50? Also, i can't seem to find how many games it took Gretzky to get his 50th goal the third time he did 50 in 50. Maybe you could conjure up some more magic. Masterhatch 1 August 2005

There, all fixed.
I've vetted all the information, including some near-misses (by Bobby Hull, Charlie Simmer, Bernie Nicholls and Lemieux again), and found an unofficial 50:50 by Mario. Any questions? Ravenswing 08:51, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

 * One question, how come you didn't add Mogilny? :) (Must be an oversight).

 * Thank you for finally clearing it all up! Please be sure to add the "NHL Media Guide" to the references section. Is the "NHL Media Guide" the same book as "The National Hockey League Official Guide & Record Book"? Qutezuce 09:02, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

 * That's the one. And gah, after all that, I left Mogilny out?  Feh.  Ravenswing 22:05, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Beckett Hockey Issue #50 and some changes
I have a copy of Beckett Hockey Monthly issue #50 with the five players that accomplished the true 50/50 on the cover. There is an in-depth article on all the players that accomplished the feat and the ones that were close. In the article, which was written by Tom Wheatley, it says that Jari Kurri(84-85), Alex Mogilny(92-93), Mario Lemieux(92-93 & 95-96), and Cam Neely(93-94) all scored 50 goals in 50 or less games, but NOT in the teams first 50 games. Changes: It also mentioned that Bobby Hull had 50 goals in 57 games in 65-66, not the 50 in 52 games that was on this site earlier. Mario Lemieux scored his 50th goal in his 48th game(teams 72nd) in 92-93 not his 44th that was on the site earlier. Also, he scored 19 goals in his final 12 games not 16 games in 92-93.

 * According to the NHL Guide & Record Book, Bobby Hull's 50th goal in 1965-66 came in his 52nd game, which was the Black Hawks' 57th game. Aottley 01:46, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Selanne
if im not mistaken he did it in 52 games... that should be a near miss

 * Nope, his best was in 63 games in 1992-93. Aottley 01:43, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

What if a player was traded...
If a player is traded before 50 games and then scores 50 goals, how would it be classified? Is it an official 50 in 50 only if its inside the new team's 50 games, the old one's, or something different altogether (like all the goals had to come with one of the teams)? Funny, because if the official standard was the new team's 50 games, it is quite possible that the player himself would have played for more than 50 games (if the new team had played less games at the time of the trade), in which case it would be "official" but not meet the "unofficial" standard...Ans3000 07:24, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Beats me. No doubt the NHL would figure out something, and if this ever happens, we'll deal with the issue at the time.  Ravenswing 19:10, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Yzerman
Deleted Yzerman's entry, as he did not score 50 goals in 24 games in 94-95, and did not even score 50 goals that year. He also did not set a record for scoring 111 goals in a season, because the record is held by Gretzky with 92. Nuff said.

Edit ** Hmm.... it was vandalism. I also fixed Hull and Bossy vandalism. Propose we ban 82.83.139.42 for repeated vandalism. CanucksRule

Anders Hedberg
this guy was added to the list along with Bobby hull. I searched the net and could not find any record of 50 in 50. this site is pretty informative, but mentions nothing about 50 in 50. anyways, i will delete this entry unless someone can come up with a reliable source. But i got thinking, even if they did score 50 in 50, do they deserve mention on this article? I mean, if we mention them here, why not mention every 50 in 50 scorer from every league around the world? I am sure someone scored 50 in 50 in some professional european league at some point in time. What about junior leagues? i am sure it has happened there too. i think this article should be restricted to NHL entries largely because it seems only the NHL makes a big deal of this record. If someone wants to start a new article listing 50 in 50 scorers from other leages, then they should fill their boots and just make a simple link on this article in the "See also" section. Masterhatch 19:27, 16 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Hedberg scored 50 goals in 47 games in the 1977/78 (actually it was the 76/77 season http://www.whahof.com/index.html) season for the WHA's Winnipeg Jets. . But then again this is the WHA. I agree with your thoughts about keeping this an NHL-only article. Yankees76 23:20, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

I think it should be all professional leagues but the European leagues only started playing 50 or more games in the late 90's. And the KHL didn't start until 2008. I haven't looked at the AHL or the like but if someone is on pace to score 50 goals in 50 games in the minors I'm sure he's going to be called up before he were to reach 50 goals in 50 games.

Neely photo?
Overall, a great article. Thanks for the research, not only of the 'official' 50 in 50, but of the non-official and the near misses. One suggestion however... is there any chance of using a photo of Neely in a hockey uniform rather than the cheesy 'studio-shot' that is there now? I'm sure he used that for his Denis Leary related acting jobs. I'd prefer to remember him in his intimidating Bruins uni. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 216.30.152.190 (talk) 15:37, 9 May 2007 (UTC).

mathews
Matthew's didn't score 50 in his first 50 nor his team's first 50

His accomplishment doesn't even belong on this page at all. However that didn't stop someone from adding his 50 in 50 to the "official" section. His accomplishment is unofficial at best. 2604:3D08:397F:7D00:1C05:D564:C653:1AEA (talk) 16:20, 10 April 2022 (UTC)
 * The NHL counts from the beginning of the season. Matthews doesn't meet the criteria! Please stop adding him. Masterhatch (talk) 16:24, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

We can thank TSN & other sports sites for their misguided reporting on this story. Anyways, indeed Matthews does not belong. GoodDay (talk) 17:40, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

More pmayers to add
I don't understandt why Matthews is added to unofficial list? Official 50 in 50 is in teams first 50 games, everyone knows that. Unofficial 50 in 50 is in players first 50 games. Matthees did it in 67 games. Yes, NHL tweeted about it, but Tweet said that "in any stretch during season". If Matthews stays on the list, they should be added too:

Wayne Gretzky 66 Brett Hull	59 Mario Lemieux	59 Alexander Mogilny	59 Phil Esposito	53 Mike Bossy	51 Jari Kurri	51 Bernie Nicholls	51 Maurice Richard	50 Charlie Simmer	50

Matthews should not be on the list and neither should the ones above be added. Ssuvik (talk) 17:21, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

 * I agree. Masterhatch (talk) 17:24, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Matthews doesn't belong. We can thank TSN & other sports sites for their misguided reporting, on this story. GoodDay (talk) 17:42, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

Accurate list
If Matthews stays on the list, they need to be added too. They also scored 50 in any 50 game stretch

fullName	goals	assists	points	games	start_date	end_date Joe Malone	82	16	98	50	12/19/1917	3/6/1920 Newsy Lalonde	77	23	100	50	12/22/1917	3/3/1920 Babe Dye	75	19	94	50	1/17/1921	1/13/1923 Cy Denneny	69	18	87	50	2/28/1920	3/4/1922 Wayne Gretzky	66	78	144	50	10/31/1981	2/19/1982 Mario Lemieux	62	64	126	50	3/20/1993	11/18/1995 Frank Nighbor	59	34	93	50	2/25/1918	1/8/1921 Brett Hull	59	34	93	50	11/13/1990	3/9/1991 Alexander Mogilny	59	26	85	50	11/22/1992	3/20/1993 Maurice Richard	57	31	88	50	2/26/1944	2/17/1945 Cam Neely	56	24	80	50	3/27/1993	3/7/1994 Punch Broadbent	53	21	74	50	2/18/1919	2/15/1922 Phil Esposito	53	47	100	50	12/13/1970	4/4/1971 Howie Morenz	52	14	66	50	11/26/1929	12/11/1930 Teemu Selanne	52	36	88	50	12/29/1992	10/6/1993 Mike Bossy	51	34	85	50	10/12/1980	1/26/1981 Corb Denneny	51	20	71	50	2/18/1919	12/28/1921 Reg Noble	51	20	71	50	12/19/1917	2/4/1920 Jari Kurri	51	52	103	50	10/11/1984	2/3/1985 Bernie Nicholls	51	55	106	50	10/9/1988	1/31/1989 Bobby Hull	50	26	76	50	12/21/1966	10/28/1967 Charlie Simmer	50	38	88	50	10/14/1980	1/26/1981

Remove Matthews. He didn't do even the unofficial. Ssuvik (talk) 17:46, 10 April 2022 (UTC)
 * 'Tis alright. Matthews won't be listed in the article. PS - We can thank TSN & other sports sites for the mix up. GoodDay (talk) 17:54, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 April 2022
Charlie simmer should be moved from near miss to unofficial 50 in 50. He scored #50 in game 51 but didn't score in game 1, thus, he had 50 between game 2 and game 51 which is 50 games.

https://www.hockey-reference.com/players/s/simmech01/gamelog/1981 2607:FEA8:A99A:2500:BC24:EBE:52D9:2FA3 (talk) 17:50, 10 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Nope. Ya gotta get your 50th in your team's 50th game. GoodDay (talk) 17:52, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

Unofficial 50 in 50 & Near misses sections, should be deleted
If you didn't get your 50 goals in your team's first 50 games? Then you don't belong in this article, period. GoodDay (talk) 17:59, 10 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I support deleting the near misses section. I think the unofficial section should stay as long as it's clear that it's about the player getting 50 in his first 50 games. Masterhatch (talk) 20:12, 10 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Agreed, it's borderline original research anyways (though I feel someone is likely to write an article in the next few days citing this list, if they haven't already, creating a case of citogenesis). Kaiser matias (talk) 22:09, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 April 2022
In the Mid-season 50 in 50 scorers section: Change "Jari Kurri scored 50 goals in 50 games, between games 30 to 78 of the 1985-86 season and finished with 68 goals." to "Jari Kurri scored 50 goals in 50 games, between games 21 to 70 of the 1985-86 season and finished with 68 goals." since the game 30 to 78 stretch only contained 45 goals, not 50

In the full list section: Change "1895-86 - 50 in 50 Jari Kurri (50 in 49)" to "1895-86 - 50 in 50 Jari Kurri" since the game 21 to 70 stretch was 50 goals in 50 games, not 50 in 49 8ars123 (talk) 14:20, 11 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. MadGuy7023 (talk) 15:12, 11 April 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 April 2022 (2)
Under the mid-season 50 in 50 scorers: Change "Auston Matthews scored 51 goals in 50 games, between games 19 to 67 of the 2021-22 season and currently has 58 goals." to "Auston Matthews scored 51 goals in 50 games, between games 18 to 67 of the 2021-22 season and currently has 58 goals." 8ars123 (talk) 14:45, 11 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. MadGuy7023 (talk) 15:12, 11 April 2022 (UTC)

Mathews 51 in 50
It should be changed that 50 in 50 in mid season IS recognized by the NHL. They even tweeted it from their PR department that it is recognized. It doesn’t matter if it is from the start or the middle or at the end. 50 in 50 games is 50 in 50 games.

url=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FPR_NHL%2Fstatus%2F1512938810451144710%3AJ6lt_tdSsjNUuGGbrbvyU9jcy40&cuid=770598 173.247.139.34 (talk) 11:53, 12 April 2022 (UTC)

 * 50 in 50 is special for 1 reason and 1 reason only: the Rocket scored 50 in 50 when there were only 50 games in the NHL. The number of goals scored in the first 50 games became the benchmark, hence the actual official record is Gretzky's 61 goals in his first 50 games, not his 50 goals in 39. The 50 in 39 is based on the fastest to 50. In other words, because the season used to be only 50 games, that is used as the benchmark. Otherwise 50 in 50 is purely an arbitrary number. Matthews does not qualify because it doesnt rank in the fastest to 50 nor most in the first 50. The list is not arbitrary and Matthews doesnt qualify. Leaving him in the mid-season list is a fair compromise. Masterhatch (talk) 13:39, 12 April 2022 (UTC)

 * From NHL.com: "MOST GOALS, 50 GAMES FROM START OF SEASON: 61 – 1981-82 (Oct. 7, 1981 to Jan. 22, 1982, 80-game schedule); 1983-84 (Oct. 5, 1983 to Jan. 25,1984, 80-game schedule Next (third): 54 – Mario Lemieux, 1988-89 (Oct. 7, 1988 – Jan. 31, 1989, 80-game schedule)". As you can see, from the start of the season is everything. Masterhatch (talk) 14:02, 12 April 2022 (UTC)

Matthew’s scored 50 and 51 in the 50th game
50 in 49 on the full list is not correct. Matthew’s was 49 in his last 49 prior to the two goals against Montreal. 65.48.237.226 (talk) 02:34, 13 April 2022 (UTC)
 * You got a reliable source for that? MadGuy7023 (talk) 09:06, 13 April 2022 (UTC)

https://www.nhl.com/stats/skaters?reportType=game&dateFrom=2021-11-24&dateTo=2022-04-08&gameType=2&filter=gamesPlayed,gte,1&sort=goals&page=0&pageSize=50

This is from NHL.com from the same start time of November 24th to April 8th. He scored 50 and 51 on the 9th in his 50th tracked game not 49th — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.48.237.226 (talk) 14:01, 13 April 2022 (UTC)

 * According to official statistics from NHL.com, Auston Matthews did in fact score 51 Goals within 50 Games, which meets the guidelines set out by NHL and the Wikipedia entry of '50 goals within the first 50 (or fewer) games of his team's season' from November 24, 2021 to April 9 2022.
 * This can be verified here via records ( https://www.nhl.com/stats/skaters?reportType=game&dateFrom=2021-11-24&dateTo=2022-04-09&gameType=2&filter=gamesPlayed,gte,1&sort=goals&page=0&pageSize=50 ) and can be viewed via video replay here ( https://stories.sportsnet.ca/games/Montreal-Canadiens-at-Toronto-Maple-Leafs-09-04-22-14084.html) 66.49.155.249 (talk) 06:53, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
 * How many different ways did Gretzky get 50 in 50 in 1981-82? 30? 40? You can use that date range scale to come up with all sorts of different 50 in 50s. Are we to list them all? No. Masterhatch (talk) 14:05, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
 * That date range represents the first game of the season to the point to which the player achieved their first 50 goals within 50 games. Those dates are in accordance with perfect attendance and consistency of said player alongside a team's playing schedule in that they showed up for every single game from the start of the season.
 * '50 in 50' is defined as 50 goals within the first 50 games (or fewer) of a player when they are contracted to a single team's season within a season from the start of the season.
 * Don't retract something you don't understand. 66.49.155.249 (talk) 17:20, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Here is a published article referencing the achievement as well as commentators acknowledging this feat.
 * Revert my entry back to how it was originally or I will have you reported.
 * You are wrong.
 * ( https://www.dailyfaceoff.com/news/auston-matthews-records-50th-and-51st-goal-in-a-50-game-span )
 * ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7NtyQH2d_E ) 66.49.155.249 (talk) 17:31, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Also, Wayne Gretzky was not in discussion. It was Auston Matthews.
 * Please remove yourself from topics (specifically NHL) of which we have proven you know nothing about, nor have the decency of researching properly. You are creating a disrespectful environment. 66.49.155.249 (talk) 18:04, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
 * I brought this up at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Ice Hockey. Masterhatch (talk) 22:07, 11 June 2023 (UTC)

Does Matthews meet the inclusion criteria, for this page? Did he score 50 goals, in his team's first 50 games? GoodDay (talk) 22:14, 11 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Short answer? No. Masterhatch (talk) 22:29, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
 * He did it mid-season, which is trival as it wasn't from his first game nor his team's first game. If we include every time a player was able to do 50 in 50 from any game, it would be a ridiculous list. Hence my comment earlier about how many different 50 in 50s Gretzky had in 1981-82. Just because something makes the news doesnt mean its noteworthy enough to be anything more than trivial. Masterhatch (talk) 22:39, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Matthews should be excluded. GoodDay (talk) 22:40, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
 * I made sure to include Matthews within the appropriate category of "50 in player's (not team's) first 50" due to injury and suspension and still completing the feat as stated within the category.
 * The argument that the feat is trivial is obscene as he qualifies for the list of "50 in player's (not team's) first 50" the same as Kurri, Mogilny, Lemieux, and Neely since the heading exists.
 * If the heading exists then he qualifies as most do not. 66.49.155.249 (talk) 00:22, 12 June 2023 (UTC)
 * You're ignoring the second part of that section's criteria that would disqualify him, specifically the first 50 games part of the "50 in player's (not team's) first 50". Matthews scored 50 goals in a 50 game span. He did not score 50 goals in his first 50 games.
 * Expanding this article to include all players that scored 50 goals in any 50 game span is a discussion that certainly can take place. But speaking in terms of the existing sections (and their criteria), Matthews doesn't "qualify" for any of them. Leventio (talk) 19:07, 12 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:50 goals in 50 games


text:
Hellmann–Feynman theorem

In quantum mechanics, the Hellmann–Feynman theorem relates the derivative of the total energy with respect to a parameter to the expectation value of the derivative of the Hamiltonian with respect to that same parameter. According to the theorem, once the spatial distribution of the electrons has been determined by solving the Schrödinger equation, all the forces in the system can be calculated using classical electrostatics.

The theorem has been proven independently by many authors, including Paul Güttinger (1932), Wolfgang Pauli (1933), Hans Hellmann (1937) and Richard Feynman (1939).

The theorem states

where

 * $$\hat{H}_{\lambda}$$ is a Hermitian operator depending upon a continuous parameter $$\lambda\,$$,
 * $$|\psi_\lambda\rangle$$, is an eigenstate (eigenfunction) of the Hamiltonian, depending implicitly upon $$\lambda$$,
 * $$E_{\lambda}\,$$ is the energy (eigenvalue) of the state $$|\psi_\lambda\rangle$$, i.e. $$\hat{H}_{\lambda}|\psi_\lambda\rangle = E_{\lambda}|\psi_\lambda\rangle$$.

Note that there is a breakdown of the Hellmann-Feynman theorem close to quantum critical points in the thermodynamic limit.

Proof
This proof of the Hellmann–Feynman theorem requires that the wave function be an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian under consideration; however, it is also possible to prove more generally that the theorem holds for non-eigenfunction wave functions which are stationary (partial derivative is zero) for all relevant variables (such as orbital rotations). The Hartree–Fock wavefunction is an important example of an approximate eigenfunction that still satisfies the Hellmann–Feynman theorem. Notable example of where the Hellmann–Feynman is not applicable is for example finite-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory, which is not variational.

The proof also employs an identity of normalized wavefunctions – that derivatives of the overlap of a wave function with itself must be zero. Using Dirac's bra–ket notation these two conditions are written as

 * $$\hat{H}_{\lambda}|\psi_\lambda\rangle = E_{\lambda}|\psi_\lambda\rangle,$$
 * $$\langle\psi_\lambda|\psi_\lambda\rangle = 1 \Rightarrow \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}\lambda}\langle\psi_\lambda|\psi_\lambda\rangle =0.$$

The proof then follows through an application of the derivative product rule to the expectation value of the Hamiltonian viewed as a function of $$\lambda$$:

\begin{align} \frac{\mathrm{d} E_{\lambda}}{\mathrm{d}\lambda} &= \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}\lambda}\langle\psi_\lambda|\hat{H}_{\lambda}|\psi_\lambda\rangle \\ &=\bigg\langle\frac{\mathrm{d}\psi_\lambda}{\mathrm{d}\lambda}\bigg|\hat{H}_{\lambda}\bigg|\psi_\lambda\bigg\rangle + \bigg\langle\psi_\lambda\bigg|\hat{H}_{\lambda}\bigg|\frac{\mathrm{d}\psi_\lambda}{\mathrm{d}\lambda}\bigg\rangle + \bigg\langle\psi_\lambda\bigg|\frac{\mathrm{d}\hat{H}_{\lambda}}{\mathrm{d}\lambda}\bigg|\psi_\lambda\bigg\rangle \\ &=E_{\lambda}\bigg\langle\frac{\mathrm{d}\psi_\lambda}{\mathrm{d}\lambda}\bigg|\psi_\lambda\bigg\rangle + E_{\lambda}\bigg\langle\psi_\lambda\bigg|\frac{\mathrm{d}\psi_\lambda}{\mathrm{d}\lambda}\bigg\rangle + \bigg\langle\psi_\lambda\bigg|\frac{\mathrm{d}\hat{H}_{\lambda}}{\mathrm{d}\lambda}\bigg|\psi_\lambda\bigg\rangle \\ &=E_{\lambda}\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}\lambda}\langle\psi_\lambda|\psi_\lambda\rangle + \bigg\langle\psi_\lambda\bigg|\frac{\mathrm{d}\hat{H}_{\lambda}}{\mathrm{d}\lambda}\bigg|\psi_\lambda\bigg\rangle \\ &=\bigg\langle\psi_\lambda\bigg|\frac{\mathrm{d}\hat{H}_{\lambda}}{\mathrm{d}\lambda}\bigg|\psi_\lambda\bigg\rangle. \end{align} $$

Alternate proof
The Hellmann–Feynman theorem is actually a direct, and to some extent trivial, consequence of the variational principle (the Rayleigh-Ritz variational principle) from which the Schrödinger equation may be derived. This is why the Hellmann–Feynman theorem holds for wave-functions (such as the Hartree–Fock wave-function) that, though not eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian, do derive from a variational principle. This is also why it holds, e.g., in density functional theory, which is not wave-function based and for which the standard derivation does not apply.

According to the Rayleigh–Ritz variational principle, the eigenfunctions of the Schrödinger equation are stationary points of the functional (which is nicknamed Schrödinger functional for brevity):

The eigenvalues are the values that the Schrödinger functional takes at the stationary points:

where $$\psi_{\lambda} $$ satisfies the variational condition:

By differentiating Eq. (3) using the chain rule, the following equation is obtained:

Due to the variational condition, Eq. (4), the second term in Eq. (5) vanishes. In one sentence, the Hellmann–Feynman theorem states that the derivative of the stationary values of a function(al) with respect to a parameter on which it may depend, can be computed from the explicit dependence only, disregarding the implicit one. On account of the fact that the Schrödinger functional can only depend explicitly on an external parameter through the Hamiltonian, Eq. (1) trivially follows.

Molecular forces
The most common application of the Hellmann–Feynman theorem is the calculation of intramolecular forces in molecules. This allows for the calculation of equilibrium geometries – the nuclear coordinates where the forces acting upon the nuclei, due to the electrons and other nuclei, vanish. The parameter $$\lambda$$ corresponds to the coordinates of the nuclei. For a molecule with $$1\leq i\leq N$$ electrons with coordinates $$\{\mathbf{r}_i\}$$, and $$1\leq\alpha\leq M$$ nuclei, each located at a specified point $$\{\mathbf{R}_\alpha=\{X_\alpha,Y_\alpha,Z_\alpha\}\}$$ and with nuclear charge $$Z_\alpha$$, the clamped nucleus Hamiltonian is

 * $$\hat{H}=\hat{T} + \hat{U} - \sum_{i=1}^{N}\sum_{\alpha=1}^{M}\frac{Z_{\alpha}}{|\mathbf{r}_{i}-\mathbf{R}_{\alpha}|} + \sum_{\alpha}^{M}\sum_{\beta>\alpha}^{M}\frac{Z_{\alpha}Z_{\beta}}{|\mathbf{R}_{\alpha}-\mathbf{R}_{\beta}|}.$$

The $$x$$-component of the force acting on a given nucleus is equal to the negative of the derivative of the total energy with respect to that coordinate. Employing the Hellmann–Feynman theorem this is equal to

 * $$F_{X_{\gamma}} = -\frac{\partial E}{\partial X_{\gamma}} = -\bigg\langle\psi\bigg|\frac{\partial\hat{H}}{\partial X_{\gamma}}\bigg|\psi\bigg\rangle.$$

Only two components of the Hamiltonian contribute to the required derivative – the electron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus terms. Differentiating the Hamiltonian yields

\begin{align} \frac{\partial\hat{H}}{\partial X_{\gamma}} &= \frac{\partial}{\partial X_{\gamma}} \left(- \sum_{i=1}^{N}\sum_{\alpha=1}^{M}\frac{Z_{\alpha}}{|\mathbf{r}_{i}-\mathbf{R}_{\alpha}|} + \sum_{\alpha}^{M}\sum_{\beta>\alpha}^{M}\frac{Z_{\alpha}Z_{\beta}}{|\mathbf{R}_{\alpha}-\mathbf{R}_{\beta}|}\right), \\ &=-Z_{\gamma}\sum_{i=1}^{N}\frac{x_{i}-X_{\gamma}}{|\mathbf{r}_{i}-\mathbf{R}_{\gamma}|^{3}} +Z_{\gamma}\sum_{\alpha\neq\gamma}^{M}Z_{\alpha}\frac{X_{\alpha}-X_{\gamma}}{|\mathbf{R}_{\alpha}-\mathbf{R}_{\gamma}|^{3}}. \end{align} $$

Insertion of this in to the Hellmann–Feynman theorem returns the $$x$$-component of the force on the given nucleus in terms of the electronic density $$\rho(\mathbf{r})$$ and the atomic coordinates and nuclear charges:

 * $$F_{X_{\gamma}} = Z_{\gamma}\left(\int\mathrm{d}\mathbf{r}\ \rho(\mathbf{r})\frac{x-X_{\gamma}}{|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{\gamma}|^{3}} - \sum_{\alpha\neq\gamma}^{M}Z_{\alpha}\frac{X_{\alpha}-X_{\gamma}}{|\mathbf{R}_{\alpha}-\mathbf{R}_{\gamma}|^{3}}\right).$$

Expectation values
An alternative approach for applying the Hellmann–Feynman theorem is to promote a fixed or discrete parameter which appears in a Hamiltonian to be a continuous variable solely for the mathematical purpose of taking a derivative. Possible parameters are physical constants or discrete quantum numbers. As an example, the radial Schrödinger equation for a hydrogen-like atom is

 * $$\hat{H}_{l}=-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2\mu r^2}\left(\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}r}\left(r^{2}\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}r}\right)-l(l+1)\right) -\frac{Ze^{2}}{r},$$

which depends upon the discrete azimuthal quantum number $$l$$. Promoting $$l$$ to be a continuous parameter allows for the derivative of the Hamiltonian to be taken:

 * $$\frac{\partial \hat{H}_{l}}{\partial l} = \frac{\hbar^{2}}{2\mu r^{2}}(2l+1).$$

The Hellmann–Feynman theorem then allows for the determination of the expectation value of $$\frac{1}{r^{2}}$$ for hydrogen-like atoms:

\begin{align} \bigg\langle\psi_{nl}\bigg|\frac{1}{r^{2}}\bigg|\psi_{nl}\bigg\rangle &= \frac{2\mu}{\hbar^{2}}\frac{1}{2l+1}\bigg\langle\psi_{nl}\bigg|\frac{\partial \hat{H}_{l}}{\partial l}\bigg|\psi_{nl}\bigg\rangle \\ &=\frac{2\mu}{\hbar^{2}}\frac{1}{2l+1}\frac{\partial E_{n}}{\partial l} \\ &=\frac{2\mu}{\hbar^{2}}\frac{1}{2l+1}\frac{\partial E_{n}}{\partial n}\frac{\partial n}{\partial l} \\ &=\frac{2\mu}{\hbar^{2}}\frac{1}{2l+1}\frac{Z^{2}\mu e^{4}}{\hbar^{2}n^{3}} \\ &=\frac{Z^{2}\mu^{2}e^{4}}{\hbar^{4}n^{3}(l+1/2)}. \end{align} $$

In order to compute the energy derivative, the way $$n$$ depends on $$l$$ has to be known. These quantum numbers are usually independent, but here the solutions must be varied so as to keep the number of nodes in the wavefunction fixed. The number of nodes is $$n-l+1$$, so $$ \partial n/\partial l=1$$.

Van der Waals forces
In the end of Feynman's paper, he states that, "Van der Waals' forces can also be interpreted as arising from charge distributions with higher concentration between the nuclei. The Schrödinger perturbation theory for two interacting atoms at a separation $$R$$, large compared to the radii of the atoms, leads to the result that the charge distribution of each is distorted from central symmetry, a dipole moment of order $$1/R^7$$ being induced in each atom. The negative charge distribution of each atom has its center of gravity moved slightly toward the other. It is not the interaction of these dipoles which leads to van der Waals's force, but rather the attraction of each nucleus for the distorted charge distribution of its own electrons that gives the attractive $$1/R^7$$ force."

Hellmann–Feynman theorem for time-dependent wavefunctions
For a general time-dependent wavefunction satisfying the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, the Hellmann–Feynman theorem is not valid. However, the following identity holds:

\bigg\langle\Psi_\lambda(t)\bigg|\frac{\partial H_\lambda}{\partial\lambda}\bigg|\Psi_\lambda(t)\bigg\rangle = i \hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\bigg\langle\Psi_\lambda(t)\bigg|\frac{\partial \Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial \lambda}\bigg\rangle $$ For

i\hbar\frac{\partial\Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial t}=H_\lambda\Psi_\lambda(t) $$

Proof
The proof only relies on the Schrödinger equation and the assumption that partial derivatives with respect to λ and t can be interchanged.

\begin{align} \bigg\langle\Psi_\lambda(t)\bigg|\frac{\partial H_\lambda}{\partial\lambda}\bigg|\Psi_\lambda(t)\bigg\rangle &= \frac{\partial}{\partial\lambda}\langle\Psi_\lambda(t)|H_\lambda|\Psi_\lambda(t)\rangle - \bigg\langle\frac{\partial\Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial\lambda}\bigg|H_\lambda\bigg|\Psi_\lambda(t)\bigg\rangle - \bigg\langle\Psi_\lambda(t)\bigg|H_\lambda\bigg|\frac{\partial\Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial\lambda}\bigg\rangle \\ &= i\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial\lambda}\bigg\langle\Psi_\lambda(t)\bigg|\frac{\partial\Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial t}\bigg\rangle - i\hbar\bigg\langle\frac{\partial\Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial\lambda}\bigg|\frac{\partial\Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial t}\bigg\rangle + i\hbar\bigg\langle\frac{\partial\Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial t}\bigg|\frac{\partial\Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial\lambda}\bigg\rangle \\ &= i\hbar \bigg\langle\Psi_\lambda(t)\bigg| \frac{\partial^2\Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial\lambda \partial t}\bigg\rangle + i\hbar\bigg\langle\frac{\partial\Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial t}\bigg|\frac{\partial\Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial\lambda}\bigg\rangle \\ &= i \hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\bigg\langle\Psi_\lambda(t)\bigg|\frac{\partial \Psi_\lambda(t)}{\partial \lambda}\bigg\rangle \end{align} $$

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hellmann–Feynman theorem


text:
Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force

Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC Task Force) is a task force started by the United States Department of Justice's Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) in 1998. The ICAC program is a national network of 61 coordinated task forces representing more than 5,400 federal, state, and local law enforcement and prosecutorial agencies to prevent Cybercrime against children. The aims of ICAC task forces are to catch distributors of child pornography on the Internet, whether delivered on-line or solicited on-line and distributed through other channels and to catch sexual predators who solicit victims on the Internet through chat rooms, forums and other methods.

On November 2, 2017, the Providing Resources, Officers, and Technology to Eradicate Cyber Threats to the Protect Our Children Act of 2017 was signed into law, reauthorizing the ICAC Task Force Program through 2022.

In 2020, the attorney of Davis County, Utah Troy Rawlings said that "a local nonprofit was conducting illegal fundraising efforts by taking credit for arrests", which had actually been made by the Davis County ICAC Task Force. He alluded to Operation Underground Railroad

On November 15, 2022, the PROTECT Our Children Act of 2022 was passed by the United States Senate, reauthorizing ICAC and the National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction through 2024. On December 6, Congress motioned to agree without objection.


text:
User:Raging Bull~enwiki

Hi.

title: User:Raging Bull~enwiki


text:
Talk:Alaskeros

This should either be expanded or moved to Wiktionary. It isn't quite a dictionary definition; I'm sure there is more to be said about them.WAvegetarian 03:51, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alaskeros


text: Category:Bridges completed in 1879

title: Category:Bridges completed in 1879


text:
The Beast of Yucca Flats

The Beast of Yucca Flats (released to television as Atomic Monster: The Beast of Yucca Flats) is a 1961 B-movie horror film written and directed by Coleman Francis. It was produced by Anthony Cardoza, Roland Morin and Jim Oliphant.

The film stars Swedish former wrestler Tor Johnson (in his last film role) as "the Beast". It stars Anthony Cardoza, Coleman Francis and Jim Oliphant in bit parts, as well as Conrad Brooks in a very small role. Director Francis cast his two sons (Ronald and Alan Francis) in the film as the two lost boys.

The plot concerns a Soviet scientist named Joseph Jaworsky (Tor Johnson), who defects and flees to a Nevada Test Site called Yucca Flats, only to be turned into a mindless monster by atomic radiation, stalking the desert. The film has very little dialogue and most of the speech is done by omniscient narration.

Plot
In Yucca Flats, Nevada, Soviet scientist Joseph Javorsky has defected from the USSR and arrives in America with a briefcase carrying various military secrets, including the Soviet Moon landing. Javorsky and his American contacts are suddenly attacked by a pair of KGB assassins, who kill Javorsky's contacts and bodyguards. Javorsky flees into the desert, walking for a great distance, and the searing heat causes him to discard much of his clothing. When he wanders in range of an American nuclear test, the bewildered Russian is transformed by it into a mindless beast with an uncontrollable urge to kill. He proceeds to murder a couple in their car on a nearby road, prompting pursuit from police officers Jim Archer and Joe Dobson.

Meanwhile, a vacationing family ventures along the same road. After stopping at a service station, the family's two young sons wander off into the surrounding desert where they eventually encounter and escape from the mutated Javorsky. Their father searches for them but is mistaken for the killer by one of the police officers, who is searching for the murderer from the air in a small plane. The officer opens fire with a high-powered rifle on the innocent man, who manages to escape.

Eventually, the family is reunited and the police shoot and mortally wound Javorsky. A jackrabbit later nuzzles his dying body, and using the last of his strength, he caresses it before dying.

Production
The setting for the film, "Yucca Flats", was based on the real-life Yucca Flat, which has been called "the most irradiated, nuclear-blasted spot on the face of the earth". In 1970, nine years after the film was made, 86 workers were exposed to radiation during the Yucca Flat Baneberry Test. In March 2009, Time identified the accident as one of the world's worst nuclear disasters. Actual shooting locations for the film were all in California: Santa Clarita (desert scenes), Saugus (airplane scenes) and Van Nuys (opening scene interior).

The movie was filmed without a soundtrack. Narration, voice-overs and some sound effects were added in post-production. To avoid having to synchronize the audio to the picture, characters speak only when their faces are either off-screen or not clearly visible due to darkness or distance. Likewise, during scenes in which firearms are used, the muzzles of the guns are usually out of shot when the weapons are fired. During scenes of gunplay, many characters appear at first to have suffered life-threatening bullet wounds, only to appear in later scenes fully recovered with no visible signs of having been wounded. Extensive narration is used in lieu of plot points being conveyed through dialogue. Film historian Bill Warren stated "The AFI catalog says (the film) may have been reissued in 1964 as Girl Madness"

According to producer Anthony Cardoza, the film's closing scene in which Johnson's character, expressing a final bit of humanity, embraces a jackrabbit, was not planned; a wild rabbit entered the shot while the camera was rolling, and Johnson improvised.

The film's total budget was estimated at $34,000.

Opening murder scene
The first scene in the film is the strangulation murder of a woman (played by Lanell Cado) who has just stepped out of a shower, by a man whose face is never shown; it is implied that the killer raped her corpse. The murderer is dressed like Javorsky after the blast, but the murder is never mentioned during the actual film, nor is there any apparent time and/or place in the film where it could be said to occur. According to an interview with producer Cardoza by film historian Tom Weaver, the scene was added after the film was complete because director Francis liked nude scenes. Some prints (such as the one used for the Mystery Science Theater 3000 episode) were edited to show the woman clothed for the duration of the scene (running 81 seconds), with the only nudity being a brief flash of the breast as she towels herself in front of a mirror. The prints used for the 2000 Wade Williams DVD and the 2003 Alpha Video DVD have a slightly longer version of the scene (running 98 seconds), where the woman is shown naked as she puts on a pair of underwear, with both breasts visible several times before she is shown walking out of the room.

Reception
The Beast of Yucca Flats was universally panned by critics upon its release, with many considering it one of the worst films ever made. Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film one star, or "BOMB", calling it "one of the worst films ever made". In his review, Maltin criticized the overuse of voiceover narration, and an opening sequence unrelated to the main story. Bruce Eder from AllMovie panned the film, criticizing the film's "pretentious and obtuse narration" and further stating, "The most enjoyable aspect of this movie is its remarkably short running time". VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever awarded the film their lowest rating, calling it "A really cheap, quasi-nuclear protest film." On his website Fantastic Movie Musings and Ramblings, Dave Sindelar panned the film's "maddening" voice-over narration, editing, and apparent lack of a real storyline. TV Guide awarded the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, writing, "In an honest attempt to make a brief protest picture, the producers apparently didn't have enough money to accord this any sort of production value."

Home media
The Beast of Yucca Flats was first released on DVD by Image Entertainment on September 5, 2000 as part of the Wade Williams Collection, followed by numerous later DVD releases. It was released by Alpha Video on November 18, 2003, and by Image Entertainment on December 30, 2003, as a part of a double feature with Mesa of Lost Women (1953). It was released as a part of a 12-disc "Horror Classics Collection" by Digital 1 Stop on January 20, 2004. Platinum Disc released the film on June 7, 2005, and again on August 23 as a part of several multi-disc collections; Mill Creek Entertainment released the film on July 5, 2005. In 2006, it was released by Digiview Entertainment and ST Clair Vision on May 9 and October 17, respectively. ST Clair Vision re-released it on June 26, 2007. Releases by Direct Source and Mill Creek Entertainment, as part of multi-film collections, also appeared in 2007. ST Clair Vision re-released the film one more time on May 20, 2008. In 2010, The Beast of Yucca Flats was released three separate times by TNT Media Group and Echo Bridge Home Entertainment. On August 20, 2013, Mill Creek released it as part of a 3-disc, 12-film collection, The Best of the Worst Film Pack. The film was last released by Echo Bridge on September 1, 2015.

Legacy
Some critics have characterized the film as one of the worst science fiction horror films made, and one of the all-time worst films of any kind, even suggesting that it may be worse than Ed Wood's notoriously bad Plan 9 from Outer Space. In 1995, the television comedy series Mystery Science Theater 3000 featured The Beast of Yucca Flats, helping the film develop a cult status.

title: The Beast of Yucca Flats


text:
Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning

Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning is a 2004 Canadian horror film and a prequel to Ginger Snaps and Ginger Snaps 2: Unleashed. The third and final installment in the Ginger Snaps series takes place in 19th century Canada, following the ancestors of the Fitzgerald sisters of the two previous films: Ginger (Katharine Isabelle) and Brigitte (Emily Perkins), who are identical in all respects to their modern-day counterparts.

Plot
Each spring, a party from a fort travels to Hudson Bay to trade pelts for winter provisions, but in 1815, nobody returns.

Brigitte and Ginger Fitzgerald are lost with their horse in the Canadian wilderness when they come across an abandoned camp. An elderly Cree seer woman appears, who warns that they must kill a boy to prevent one sister from killing the other. As the sisters depart, unseen creatures track them and start howling, and their startled horse runs off. In the chaos ensuing, a Cree man (known as "The Hunter") saves and leads them to Fort Bailey, where they take refuge. Ginger explains to the fort's residents they are the daughters of a drowned trader and are seeking passage east.

The creatures are revealed as werewolves, which have besieged the fort for some time. Murphy, the fort's physician, inspects Brigitte’s wound and applies a leech, surreptitiously testing for werewolf infection. They are given a room that belonged to Wallace's son. Awakened by a voice, Ginger investigates the corridors, where she eventually finds the source: a deformed boy kept in a small, bolted unlit room; he bites her shoulder as he flees.

When Ginger and Brigitte attempt to leave, James, the fort's leader, confronts them. While Ginger and James are fighting, werewolves attack, killing one of the residents. Reverend Gilbert, suspicious of the sisters' intentions, leads them to an allegedly safe building, which actually contains a werewolf. The werewolf attacks the sisters, but The Hunter appears and kills it. As Ginger and Brigitte are going to their room, Ginger's nose starts to bleed, a sign that she is infected.

The sisters discover the boy who bit Ginger is Wallace's son, Geoffrey. As Ginger sleeps, he sneaks into the bedroom and wakes her. She tries to grab him, but he gets away. Geoffrey accidentally kills a man named Seamus who investigates the noise he makes, and Ginger is framed for his murder. Brigitte is held captive by James as Ginger is taken away to test for lycanthropy. Wallace arrives to find James threatening to rape Brigitte. He dismisses James, and makes a deal with Brigitte: her sister's life in exchange for the sisters' silence regarding his son. Wallace and Brigitte find Ginger at the doctor's, strapped to the examination table and held at gunpoint, about to be tested with a leech. When Wallace demands they release Ginger, Murphy ignores the order. Wallace shoots him dead, which prompts the other men to leave.

Determined to kill Geoffrey, Ginger finds him mourning at his mother's grave. He tries to escape but is captured instead by the men, alerting them to the deception. Wallace arrives and kills his son himself. The sisters' protection at an end, Ginger is forced to leave, and Brigitte goes with her. Desperate for a cure, the sisters go to The Hunter's cave.

At the cave, The Hunter and elderly Cree seer reveal the sisters' coming had long been prophesied and that the Red and the Black would decide the destiny of the werewolf bloodline. Brigitte enters a trance-like state and has a vision of her destiny – The Hunter attempts to kill Ginger, but Brigitte kills her sister herself. As Brigitte emerges from the trance, she finds the seer is dead, killed by Ginger, who has fled. The Hunter offers to help Brigitte find Ginger but deceives her, leading her back to the fort.

Arriving at the fort, Brigitte is taken prisoner. Gilbert tells her to beg forgiveness to save her soul, but Brigitte rejects him. He drags her out onto the parade square and prepares to burn her alive but is interrupted by Wallace, who kills him. James engages Ginger in a fight, and she slashes his throat. Ginger opens the gates and ushers in the werewolves who chase down and maul the last of the fort's residents. Wallace is soon bitten and sets the fort on fire before killing himself. The Hunter urges Brigitte to kill her sister; instead, she kills him and flees with Ginger.

The prophecy broken, Brigitte and Ginger decide to run away together and vow to protect each other. Brigitte then holds out her hand and presses a cut on it against a cut on Ginger's hand, mixing their blood and infecting herself.

Cast

 * Katharine Isabelle as Ginger Fitzgerald
 * Emily Perkins as Brigitte Fitzgerald
 * Nathaniel Arcand as The Hunter
 * JR Bourne as James
 * Hugh Dillon as Reverend Gilbert
 * Adrien Dorval as Seamus
 * Brendan Fletcher as Finn
 * David La Haye as Claude
 * Tom McCamus as Wallace Rowlands
 * Matthew Walker as Doc Murphy
 * Fabian Bird as Milo
 * Kirk Jarrett as Owen
 * David MacInnis as Cormac
 * Stevie Mitchell as Geoffrey

Production
Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning was shot back-to-back with Ginger Snaps 2: Unleashed.

Release
The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival on 10 July 2004. After the disappointment of the second film's theatrical run, Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning was released direct-to-DVD. Lionsgate released it on 27 August in Canada and on 7 September in United States the same year.

Reception
Bloody Disgusting rated it 5/5 stars and said: "It surpasses its two predecessors by leaps and bounds". Joshua Siebalt of Dread Central rated it 2.5/5 and wrote that the film does not live up to the previous instalments of the series. Brett Cullum of DVD Verdict wrote: "It's not quite up to snuff with what came before, but it still takes Canadian horror above and beyond anything Hollywood has been cranking out lately".

title: Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Racism in the Southern United States

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. Golbez 05:57, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Racism_in_the_Southern_United_States
Aside from the obvious grammatical problems and the fact that most of the information is random (Delta Music?) All of the information currently on this page is included under the entries for American slavery, the Civil War, Jim Crow, etc. This could be an interesting page, I guess, but it seems like it will always be redundant. If anyone has useful content to put here do it, but otherwise I don't see why we need it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Arvis21 (talk • contribs) 03:57, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Cleanup and expand. Andrew pmk 04:20, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Topic is obviously important, although possibly too broad for a single article. Cleanup and Expand works for now. Xoloz 04:47, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Cleanup and Expand. Amazed we didn't already have such an article. -- BD2412  talk 05:08, 2005 Jun 12 (UTC)
 * This is an extremelly important topic that deals with events that have shaped the culture of the entire United States. This could potentially become a very good article. Expand and Cleanup--EatAlbertaBeef 05:10, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep cleanup and expand. Potential for encyclopedic article here. Capitalistroadster 05:43, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Cleanup and expand -CunningLinguist 09:03, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Could do with renaming though. Maybe "Race relations in the United States"     11:18, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep like it says, clean up! ConeyCyclone 17:30, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and clean. Hohokus 18:35, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep Jinkleberries 19:57, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: Junkleberries is a new account today and voted 'keep' on 37 articles within a 7-minute period. This user also received a vandalism warning today.  Tobycat 20:56, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Rename to Racism in the US. "Race relations" is just an ephimism for racism :P Project2501a 20:50, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup, "race relations" is not a euphemism for racism! RickK 22:31, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * "Race relations" is not simply an euphemism, but the term is sometimes used as one in some contexts. I think an argument over the semantics of this could take forever, and is probably of little value until the article is cleaned up Xoloz 04:32, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * keep: Valid topic. Needs additional info concerning history of political compromises whereby blatant civil rights inequities were allowed to fester, contributing to the cultural phenomenon of ingrained racism in the South.  Ombudsman 21:09, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep, Cleanup and expand, the topic is very important . Falphin 01:12, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I oppose the move. I don't see whats wrong with the title Racism in the United States. Racial relations in the Southern United States is a much broader topic than what this article will cover. Falphin 15:55, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, cleanup, expand, and move to Race relations in the United States (or southern United States) which I believe is a better title. -- Joolz 02:06, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur with BD2412 since racism is especially common in the south; even today. --SuperDude 02:59, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Even though the need for a cleanup is obvious, it's certainly a topic deserving an article of its own. -- Captain Disdain 03:02, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — valid topic, but I have no issue with a redirect as suggested above. Shouldn't actually be the southeastern U.S., even though it is commonly referred to as "The South"? — RJH 16:47, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Texas? This huge, slaveholding, Confederate non-Eastern state is the valid reason for maintaining the common name. Xoloz 05:52, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This minor issue demonstrates the problem I have with the article name. Any border you draw around a particular aspect of racism will encompass a different South. Better to work on those dozens of more coherent articles (Slavery in Texas would be an excellent model). Dystopos 03:53, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge factual content to other articles. As it stands, the name of the article presents a POV problem. Racist policies, practices, conflicts, images, etc are more verifiable than Racism per se. (i.e. would we write an article about "Pessimism in the Baltics" or "Apathy in the Swiss Alps"?) The ways in which these polices, practices, conflicts, images, etc. were and are experienced in the American South is covered in several articles and requires a certain amount of POV to aggregate into a blanket topic. It might work better as a category, though. Dystopos 16:53, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia might very well have an article on "Apathy in the Swiss Alps," if the Swiss had ever codified mandatory apathy into law, as Jim Crow laws did. I'm not saying the article title is perfect, but I see no reason to rename before the article is expanded. Xoloz 05:50, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Until the article is expanded it has no value at all. As I said before, the codification of racism into law is verifiable. The racism that brought such things into being is more difficult to restrict to verifiable info or limit to the Southern U.S. Dystopos 13:57, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree that racism de facto is more difficult to verify than racism de jure; however, racism de fact is also verifiable (in oral histories, cultural histories, documentary film, and scientific studies, etc.)  To deny de facto racism merely because it is harder, but possible, to document would be a gross injustice. The article is in serious need of cleanup, but the topic is too crucial to allow deletion of the article.  Xoloz 18:19, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I think we agree in principle. The important thing is the clean-up. I see the name of the article as a potential obstacle to that effort which might be better to undertake in other articles. But that is only my opinion - it should be left to the editors who do the work. What do you think of the idea of making this a Category name instead of an article name? Dystopos 19:24, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree that this is a strong possibility in the future. Even in my initial vote, I feared this was too expansive a topic for a single article.  If this is made a category, though, questions of semantics (racism, racist, racialist, race relations, etc.) might spark the same debate that has begun here in earnest.  I think the issue premature till the article expands. Xoloz 04:28, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I wish I knew where to begin. It sounds like it was written by a third grader. Dystopos 05:05, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * MergeThis article is too eclectic to represent much of a start on this subject. Merge to an article on "The South," which should exist, but doesn't. :ThaddeusFrye 08:02, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC). Comment - (Southern United States) Dystopos 13:57, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, cleanup, expand. Secretlondon 13:06, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Conditional Keep, if the article discusses ALL racism (i.e, Japanese concentration camps, Cuban detainees, racism experienced by Whites (i.e. trying to "act" Black), etc...
 * (Unsigned comment by Antares33712)Xoloz 18:08, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I understand some of those concerns, but fail to understand how "Whites...trying to 'act' Black" is racism, or even exactly what that means. Xoloz 18:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong keep this is a nomination for wp:cotw, and they think it should be renamed Racism in the United States. Howabout1 Talk to me!  03:37, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a plan. Not sure what it would hurt to delete the current mess, though. Dystopos 02:35, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Price mechanism

In economics, a price mechanism is the manner in which the profits of goods or services affects the supply and demand of goods and services, principally by the price elasticity of demand. A price mechanism affects both buyer and seller who negotiate prices. A price mechanism, part of a market system, comprises various ways to match up buyers and sellers.

The price mechanism is an economic model where price plays a key role in directing the activities of producers, consumers, and resource suppliers. An example of a price mechanism uses announced bid and ask prices. Generally speaking, when two parties wish to engage in trade, the purchaser will announce a price he is willing to pay (the bid price) and the seller will announce a price he is willing to accept (the ask price).

The primary advantage of such a method is that conditions are laid out in advance, and transactions can proceed with no further permission or authorization from any participant. When any bid and ask pair are compatible, a transaction occurs, in most cases automatically.

Samuelson wrote that "the price mechanism, working through supply and demand in competitive markets, operates to (simultaneously) answer the three fundamental problems of economic organization in our mixed private enterprise system..." and establish an equilibrium system of prices and production. At competitive equilibrium, the value society places on a good is equivalent to the value of the resources given up to produce it (marginal benefit equals marginal cost). This ensures allocative efficiency: the additional value society places on another unit of the good is equal to what society must give up in resources to produce it.

Working of the price mechanism
Under a price mechanism, if demand increases, prices will rise, causing a movement along the supply curve.

For example: the oil crisis of the 1970s drove oil prices dramatically upwards, which in turn caused several countries to begin producing oil domestically.

A price mechanism affects every economic situation in the long term. Price Mechanism plays a vital role in determining prices in a capitalist economy. An example of the effects of a price mechanism, in the long run, involves fuel for cars. If fuel becomes more expensive, then the demand for fuel would not decrease fast but eventually, companies will start to produce alternatives such as biodiesel fuel and electrical cars. A price mechanism is a system by which the allocation of resources and distribution of goods and services are made on the basis of relative market price. There are two important elements of price mechanism – 1. PRICES - prices are essence of price mechanism. Price mechanism works through prices in a free enterprise economy, where all goods and services carry price tags with them. A whole set of prices prevail in such an economy. Goods and services are available at a price because it involves cost in producing these goods and services. Consumers have to pay some prices if they want to buy some goods like food, clothes, etc. Producers are willing to sell goods and services only if they get the appropriate price. 2. MARKET - forces of demand and supply operate within the framework of market. Market constitute an integral part of the price mechanism ''A market means a system or a set-up in which the buyers and sellers of the commodity are able to interact and communicate with each other and strike a deal, i.e., price and the quantity to be bought and sold. ''

Auctions
An auction is a price mechanism where bidders can make competing offers for a good. The minimum bid may or may not be set by the seller, who may choose to predetermine a minimum asking price. The highest bidder would be awarded the transaction.

Other applications
If the terms "pay" and "sell" are understood very generally, then, a very broad range of applications and different market systems can be enabled this way. Internet dating for instance could be based on offers to talk for a period of time, accepted by those who are compensated not in money but in additional credits to keep using the system. Or, a political party could trade support for different measures in a platform, perhaps using allocation voting to "bid" a certain amount of support for a measure that a leader has "asked" them to support: if the measure has enough support in the party, the leader will proceed; a very explicit model of so-called "political capital".

Though there are many concerns about liquidating any given transaction, even in a conventional market, there are ideologies which hold that the risks are outweighed by the efficient rendezvous. In greenhouse gas emissions trading, companies doing the "bidding" argue that Earth's atmosphere can be seen as affected almost uniformly by emissions anywhere on Earth. They argue further that, as a result, there are almost no local effects, and only a measurable and widely agreed climate change effect, of a greenhouse gas emission, justifying a "cap and trade" approach. Somewhat more controversially, the approach was applied even earlier to sulfur dioxide emissions in the United States, and was quite successful in reducing overall smog output there.

In most applications of such methods, however, the comprehensive outcome of the transaction is not so easily measured or universally agreed. Some theorists assert that, with appropriate controls, a market mechanism can replace a hierarchy, even a command hierarchy, by ordering actions for which the highest bid is received:

So price mechanism is a technique by which inflation is controlled. The price can only be increased if the supply is less and has more demand for the same.

Less controversial applications of bid and ask matching include:
 * industrial process control
 * various applications in social networks (including dating above)
 * calculating interest in court judgments or homestead credit
 * determining which of several assets in a divorce are most prized by each party, and accordingly, who should receive what for maximum amiability and minimum capital asset sale and lifestyle disruption

title: Price mechanism


text:
Drawing Restraint 9

Drawing Restraint 9 is a 2005 film project by visual artist Matthew Barney consisting of a feature-length film, large-scale sculptures, photographs, drawings, and books. The Drawing Restraint series consists of 19 numbered components and related materials. Some episodes are videos, others sculptural installations or drawings. Barney created Drawing Restraint 1-6 while still an undergraduate at Yale University and completed Drawing Restraint 16 in 2007 at London's Serpentine Gallery. With a soundtrack composed by Björk, Drawing Restraint 9 is an unconventional love story set in Japan. The narrative structure is built upon themes such as the Shinto religion, the tea ceremony, the history of whaling, and the supplantation of blubber with refined petroleum for oil.

The film primarily takes place aboard the Japanese factory whaling vessel, the Nisshin Maru, in the Sea of Japan, as it makes its annual journey to Antarctica. Two storylines occur simultaneously on the vessel: one on deck and one beneath. The narrative on deck involves the process of casting a 25-ton petroleum jelly sculpture (one of Barney’s signature materials), which rivals the scale of a whale. Below deck, the two main characters participate as guests in a tea ceremony, where they are formally engaged after arriving on the ship as strangers. As the film progresses, the guests go through an emotional and physical transformation slowly transfiguring from land mammals into sea mammals, as they fall in love. The petroleum jelly sculpture simultaneously passes through changing states, from warm to cool, and from the architectural back to the primordial. The dual narratives, the sculptural and the romantic, come to reflect one another until the climactic point at which they become completely mutual.

Drawing Restraint 9 premiered at the 62nd Venice Film Festival and was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2005. IFC Films acquired the U.S. theatrical rights to Drawing Restraint 9 and distributed the film to screen in 18 cities across the U.S. in the fall of 2006.

Narrative and imagery
The film opens with the careful, ceremonial wrapping of two unidentifiable organic objects in several layers of carefully folded decorative paper, an activity known in Japanese as tsutsumi or orikata, sealed with twine and gold field emblems and finished with a sliver of white shell. The centre strips of the field emblems, a recurring symbol in Barney's works, are then pulled off, a frequently repeated motif throughout the film. The scene moves to Nagasaki bay where a celebratory procession of dancers, animals and floats approaches the docks as the crew of the whaling ship finish construction on the shore.

After the opening credits, a field emblem mould is assembled on the deck of the Nisshin Maru and filled with molten petroleum jelly from one of the vehicles in the celebratory procession. One of the 'Occidental Guests', played by Björk, waits on another shore with her gaze directed out to sea. The other Occidental Guest, Matthew Barney, waits on a docking rig in a large fur coat. In a third location a group of young women at the water's edge, pearl divers, apply grease to each other's skin in preparation for the dive. Separately, the Occidental Guests are picked up by small motorised vessels and carried towards the Nisshin Maru. The pearl divers enter the water with their collection barrels, hyperventilate to improve their lung capacity and make the first dive. Mayumi Miyata is shown playing the shō over the scene with a string of pearls entwined in her hair and hanging down her exposed back.

The pearl divers come across a long, floating mass of compacted organic material, a sculpture from Barney's repertoire titled and here representing ambergris, an extremely valuable organic material produced as waste by whales. Whilst they keenly examine it, the Nisshin Maru leaves dock in a festive cloud of coloured ribbons and excited, screaming children. In the ship's galley, the chef cleans his knives and utensils, boils shrimp and cuts blocks of grey, layered jelly into plated portions using a field emblem mould. The central strip of the top layer of each field emblem is incised in order to allow the ship's crew, to whom the jelly is served, to pull it away. The chef goes through the ship's mess, filling each central void with shrimp and pomegranate seeds.

As the small vessels ferrying the Occidental Guests pull up to the ship, an activity on deck is shown in which a man with two large stamps, in the style of a Japanese calligraphic seal, repetitively and rhythmically inks the instruments and imprints large rectangles of canvas. The Female Guest is led to descending stairs in the deck. She looks out over the prow of the vessel and finds her way down into the labyrinthine bowels of the ship. Occasionally she comes across small rocks on the corridor floor wrapped with red twine, which she appears to intuitively interpret as warning markers to prevent her from losing her way. Her path eventually takes her to a room with a large, metal, cubic bath where two Japanese women in blue serving garb, amah, attend to her. They pour a basket of lemons that have had a central strip excised into the water and remove the Guest's clothing before she steps into the bath. The Male Guest is lifted to the ship's deck in a large, winched basket and led to the same descending stairs. He searches for the correct door and arrives at the ship's barber, who carefully shaves off the entirety of Guest's substantial beard with a straight-razor. The petroleum jelly in the field-mould starts to solidify on deck. The Male Guest, shorn and dressed in denim, is guided by twine-wrapped rocks to a room separated by a large antique screen on which a traditional fishing scene is painted.

In the whaling bay the crew, bantering in Japanese, 'harpoon' a mock whale made from a black bin bag painted with the stylised features of a whale and stuffed with whole shrimp that burst out of the ruptured plastic after a direct hit from a crewman. A building component, reminiscent of a spine and covered with the debris of the shrimp, is victoriously hoisted aloft on a harpoon. In the screened room the Male Guest takes off his shoes and falls asleep. The barber, carrying his shaving kit and swigging from an open can of beer, slips in quietly and shaves a wide strip through the center of the Guest's hair.

The next morning, the harpoon vessel Yushin Maru sets out. It eventually snares the log of ambergris and the Nisshin Maru winches it up into the flensing bay through the back of the ship. Below deck, the Female Guest wanders through the corridors in a thin towel following her bath. She is encouraged to sit before a mirror in another preparation room by an amah, who carefully combs and arranges her hair into an ornate, traditional style using pieces of organic marine material arranged on combs, pins and boards. Another amah attends to the Male Guest, replacing his shorn eyebrows and hair with similar objects. Both Guests are stripped and redressed in ceremonial costume of skins and furs, with a base layer of damp fabric resembling thick kelp. The female Guest's eyebrows are shaved, her face painted with a thick layer of white foundation, and her lips painted over with the small, red pout of a Shinto bride. Both Guests also carry a large conch shell strapped to their backs, flensing knives with horn handles and a small bone instrument resembling a folded fan. Meanwhile, on deck, the field emblem sculpture has hardened in the mould and the crew use flensing tools and a winch to strip the central piece out of the mould.

In awkward bone sandals, both Guests make their way to the traditionally-appointed tea room. They wait together in silence in the ante-chamber, a niche in the corridor, whilst the workers examine the ambergris on deck and the Host prepares his organically-fashioned instruments for the tea ceremony. The sliding door to the tea room is pulled ajar and the two Guests look searchingly at each other to decide how to proceed. The Male Guest kneels at the door first, places his shoes outside the room and enters in the agonisingly slow ritual style of placing his fan one pace ahead to where he will shuffle forward, in his restrictive ceremonial garb, acknowledging the tokonoma alcove before he reaches his place in front of the host. The Female Guest enters and repeats the process. The Host enters and the Guests thank him for his invitation - the Male Guest in English and the Female Guest in Icelandic, the actors' native languages. The tea ceremony is enacted and the Host describes the history of the Nisshin Maru vessel as the crew carve the excised part of the field sculpture into solid blocks and render them in the ship's furnace. The plastic 'spine' from the excised part is lowered into the ship's hold.

As the sun goes down outside, the two Guests shift gradually closer to each other in the empty tea room. On deck the ambergris is anointed with sake and the remainder of the spirit is doled out to the crew. They toast the ambergris with their sake and night falls, bringing a heavy storm.

In the furnace room, the needle on a pressure gauge vibrates towards the end of the scale and the rivets on the machinery give. The ship begins to flood with molten grease. In the infirmary, a small Japanese boy with an extrusion of white fur from his mouth vomits grey liquid. The Female Guest falls as the ship pitches and the Male Guest leans over to help her up and remove her ceremonial hood. The two examine each other, finding strange holes on the back of each other's necks which they lovingly caress. They passionately kiss as the room begins to flood and the storm rages outside. With their flensing knives they alternate cutting deep strips from the flesh of the other's legs at a slow, ritualistic pace with minimal apparent sensation of pain, at one stage rolling such a strip into a rough imitation of sushi and eagerly consuming it. On deck, the ambergris log is inserted between the two halves of the field emblem sculpture into the void left by the excised strip. A troupe of small children wearing white robes carry in a box and set of plastic ritual equipment shaped as whaling tools. They also carry two wooden barrels, one containing shrimps and other a viscuous grey substance. Two of the children proceed to cement the shrimp around the base of the ambergris using the grey substance to bind it. The crew later return to winch the ambergris back out of the sculpture, leaving only the cemented shrimp base. At dawn the mould is then removed from the sculpture, which then collapses into a large pile of congealed petroleum jelly with the assistance of the long-handled flensing knives, and the ambergris is lowered back down into the hold to lie alongside the plastic 'spine' where it begins to disintegrate. The remainder of the field emblem sculpture is dismantled by knives and winches and the ambergris has attained the shape of the plastic spine it lies joined with.

Back in the tea room, the Occidental Guests remove the last of each other's legs by slicing at the thigh. They wearily embrace, then dive beneath the water together. Their severed stumps become the waving tails of whales. A clown-like figure with matted hair and coloured face-paint, identified by Barney as the petrolatum spirit, approaches the ambergris with a hose and raises a new flag on deck. The Occidental Guests complete their metamorphosis into whales.

At the coast, as the Nisshin Maru continues its journey at sea, a winch drags a wedge-shaped block up the sloping bay to the docks. A pearl diver surfaces with her mouth dripping with pearls. The docking slope collapses under the weight of the block and pearls spill into the ocean, landing on the ocean bed in the perfect form of two overlapping circles. The film ends on Mayumi Miyata playing the shō.

Reception
Upon release the film received mixed to positive from critics, on Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 60% out of 47 critics with an average rating of 5.7/10, the websites critical consensus reads “Some of the images are striking, if confusing, but the film is unbearably slow and tedious.” On Metacritic the film has an average score of 61% out of 20 critics indicating generally favourable reviews.

Soundtrack
The Drawing Restraint 9 soundtrack was composed by Björk and was released on One Little Indian, July 25, 2005. It features the shō (Japanese mouth organ) playing of Mayumi Miyata, who appears playing her instrument near the start and conclusion of the film. Vocals for the opening scenes – featuring the English translation of the text of a letter from a Japanese citizen to General MacArthur thanking him for lifting the U.S. moratorium on whaling off the nation's coasts adapted by Barney and set to the harp (Zeena Parkins) and celeste (Jónas Sen) by Björk – were provided by Will Oldham.

title: Drawing Restraint 9


text:
File:ClintEastwood.Gorillaz.single.jpg

Summary
Cover for the single "Clint Eastwood" by the band [Gorillaz]

Fair use for Clint Eastwood (song)
This image, ClintEastwood.Gorillaz.single.jpg, is being linked here; though the picture is subject to copyright I (kollision) feel it is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) it is a low resolution copy of a CD single cover;
 * 2) it does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD single in any way;
 * 3) the image on the cover is significant because it was made by a notable artist, Gorillaz.

title: File:ClintEastwood.Gorillaz.single.jpg


text:
Talk:Max Brooks

content violation
Took tagline for Zombie Survival Guide from Amazon. Removed. -- Brux 20:53 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

http://www.demonoid.com/torrents/details/243751 just sayin.

Dead link to fangoria.com observed on 15 Aug 2005 (UTC). The time was marked in accordance with the Citing Sources style guide.--Burzum 07:26, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

College Speaker
According to this Brooks is the #5 most wanted college speaker today. Is this enough to get mentioned in the article? Zombie Hunter Smurf (talk) 20:51, 25 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Does he ever publicly admit his books are fiction? I saw a video of his college talks where he says he's serious and so forth lol —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.193.177.126 (talk) 22:07, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

Edit needed
When asked at a lecture at Case Western Reserve University whether he preferred the movie History of the World Part I or Dracula: Dead and Loving It, Brooks picked the latter, stating his long-time love of Leslie Nielsen.[citation needed]

Seriously?

Get rid of this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.63.42.136 (talk) 00:50, 7 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Its been needing a citation for almost a year so it should be deleted. By the way this is the encyclopedia that anyone can edit so feel free to do it yourself next time.  Zombie Hunter Smurf (talk) 01:33, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

Note Brooks' own disinclination towards the horror classification (noted in NYT article — http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/magazine/max-brooks-is-not-kidding-about-the-zombie-apocalypse.html?pagewanted=3&hp). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.6.224.105 (talk) 22:21, 22 June 2013 (UTC)

creation of the zombie virus
Brooks has been credited with the theoretical construct of the colmunin strain of rabies, which he claims can reanimate corpses into 'zombies.' There is much speculation concerning the vaalidity of this argument however we will have to wait and see when the apocalypse comes stumbling and moaning to our front doors. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.19.99.208 (talk) 14:39, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

General Notability
As per the claim of inadequete notability to have an article, I volunteer the following information.

 * If books sold factors into the equation, both of his books undoubtedly qualify. I believe the Guide went fairly high up on the NYT Best Sellers list. World War Z might have as well.
 * The greenlighting of the World War Z movie, surely to be a film with a budget of over $100 million from comments made about the scale of the scenes and the special effects costs, is verified and notable.
 * That, in combination with his bit parts, comedy writing, famous parents and voice work should put him over the top.

Yookaloco (talk) 15:49, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

The Extinction Parade: An Original Zombie Story by Max Brooks

 * From Max Brooks, bestselling author of World War Z, an original story about a global war between humans and zombies seen through the eyes of Vampires. Or you can just call it the vampire version of An Inconvenient Truth., thedailybeast.com. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.145.6.158 (talk) 11:25, 28 January 2011 (UTC)

Max Brooks attended American University
Perhaps he transferred? Either way, the Uni credit is not complete.

http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0112150/bio

http://16thstreetj.wordpress.com/2008/03/17/a-brief-interview-with-max-brooks/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 147.9.88.15 (talk) 18:33, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Max Brooks


text:
User talk:Bryan8020

Welcome to Wikipedia. Here is some general information you may find useful: click here

 * Be Bold with your edits but also be moderate, check out the policy on NPOV, or neutral point of view and remember to cite your sources. Proper Wikiquette suggests it is a good idea to make a suggestion first on the discussion page of a controversial article before making substantial edits, if you wish to avoid an edit war.  We do not own the material we contribute, so be prepared to have your entries edited mercilessly— the thought "but it's my article" should never cross your mind.

 * You can find help with editing at How to edit a page including how to do special characters and formatting, and the Manual of Style is also strongly recommended.

 * When most of us start working on Wikipedia or its sister projects we think of them mainly as information resources, but Wikipedia is also an international community. It is a way for us to share and collaborate as we work towards the elusive goal of consensus. Check out the Community portal at the left of any page to find many opportunities to work together.

You should sign your entries on Talk (discussion) pages with four tildes link this: ~, and you can indent your entry in a discussion thread by putting a colon or several  as needed in the left-hand margin. If you put a space as the first character on a line that line will remain unformatted (not recommended).

Happy Editing. --Blainster 04:01, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bryan8020


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jon Wood

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP; article was brought up to notability in this admin's opinion near the end of the vfd period. Golbez 05:58, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Jon Wood
This is vanity, and non-notable. See his brother's Wiki page, Joseph Keith Wood, also Vfd.WAvegetarian 04:01, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC) see below
 * Delete: Some dude. Vanity page. Geogre 04:07, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Vanity  ℬ astique ▼ talk 05:22, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 05:58, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Nice kid, but non-notable. --FCYTravis 08:19, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity. Spotteddogsdotorg 14:21, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Guy wants to be in the encylopedia, pathetic! ConeyCyclone 17:31, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Jinkleberries 19:57, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: Junkleberries is a new account today and voted 'keep' on 37 articles within a 7-minute period. This user also received a vandalism warning today.  Tobycat 20:56, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This article is vanity. Also, I'm thinking to replace the current words with the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series driver biography. Is there any plans to replace this article with the NASCAR truck driver biography? --RonH 03:09, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.Shanes 01:25, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I have editted the page to be a proper biography for the NASCAR Driver of the same name, you can consider this issue resolved. Drdisque 15 Jun
 * Comment: This user seems to be admitting to be the anonymous user who created, then vandalized the page. Both the registered user and his anonymous log in have made questionable/reverted edits in the past. (WAvegetarian 19:11, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)) Note the user page for Jinkleberries and Drdisque's comment on it.WAvegetarian 04:19, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep the new (NASCAR) version of the page. Pburka 01:14, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep in light of changes.WAvegetarian 19:06, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * As a note, I was not the original creator of that article, nor do I know who Jinkelberries is as the log will attest. I came across it as I have written new entries for several notable race car drivers as my contributions log will attest. Drdisque
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: Category:Cratons

title: Category:Cratons


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Bone Thug Story

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 05:59, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

The Bone Thug Story
Yet another article about an album that doesn't yet actually exist. I don't know how authoritative the info on this page is, but somebody wrote in February to say that the album would be released in October. So I suggest zapping the page till the album actually emerges (and its title is fixed). -- Hoary 04:08, 2005 Jun 12 (UTC)
 * Delete crystal-ball-gazing —Wahoofive (talk) 05:15, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established - Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. JamesBurns 05:59, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Not harmonious with empiricism. Geogre 14:59, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete if it happens then maybe the article. ConeyCyclone 17:32, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep Jinkleberries 19:57, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: Junkleberries is a new account today and voted 'keep' on 37 articles within a 7-minute period. This user also received a vandalism warning today.  Tobycat 20:56, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:La dame de pique

Name
This is a common French namefor the Russian opera. --DrG 04:08, 2005 Jun 12 (UTC)

title: Talk:La dame de pique


text: Category:Prisons in India

title: Category:Prisons in India


text:
User talk:FDS~enwiki

Wikipedia standards
Some of the material you've added back to Figure drawing is not in keeping with Wikipedia policy about objectivity (see WP:NPOV) and verifiable facts, which is why it was removed before. For example, saying that erections "are no reason to be ashamed of one's body" is an opinion, not a fact. (I happen to agree with it, but it's an opinion nonetheless.) Encouraging people to engage in naturist activities and telling them what to ask before taking a modeling job seems entirely inappropriate for an encyclopedia article, not because they're bad ideas, but because it's advice not information. You say "most view it as a positive experience" and "Most models become accustomed to being seen nude rather quickly", but how do you know this? Have you read statistical studies supporting these claims? The text you've added seems to toss "facts" like this around rather casually, as if to persuade people or reassure them that it's OK to be models. That doesn't seem consistent with the role of an encyclopedia, which is to present information, not advice. Tverbeek 04:10, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I've cleaned up your Model (art) article to fix a lot of the same problems you introduced in Figure drawing. Putting the same material in a different article doesn't make it appropriate for Wikipedia. It doesn't matter if somebody found your advice helpful; Wikipedia is not for "how to" articles (especially not ones offering opinions/advice). Tverbeek 28 June 2005 15:26 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:FDLD.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:FDLD.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. —Gabbe 14:51, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called FDS. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name FDS~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:50, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:45, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:FDS~enwiki


text:
Talk:Pikovaya dama

Name
The Russian transliterated nameof the opera. --DrG 04:11, 2005 Jun 12 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pikovaya dama


text: User talk:69.251.134.131

title: User talk:69.251.134.131


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Bum flap

The term bum flap or butt flap refers in one usage to the rear flap in a union suit, In this usage, it is also sometimes termed as crap flap, evacuation flap, or with some other euphemism. In another usage (train hopping), the term refers to a piece of removable material that hangs from the waist to cover a person's buttocks. The external flap is of ambiguous origin, but probably was originally intended to reduce abrasive wear to pants. Sitting or sliding on a rough surface can rapidly wear the seat of pants, and flaps act as replaceable buffer material. They also provide some protection from damp or cold surfaces. The freely swinging flap dries faster than wet pants, and can be easier to clean. Bum flaps are often worn as a superfluous fashion statement, usually emblazoned with punk iconography.

Flaps are usually constructed by hand with the most suitable material available, often canvas or denim from discarded clothing. Water resistant and thermally insulating flaps are desirable for long distance freighthopping rail travel and camping. Flaps may be stitched to clothing, or suspended from the belt.

title: Bum flap


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John Jurkovic

Ivan "John" Jurkovic (born August 18, 1967) is a former American football player currently employed as a broadcaster. He grew up in Calumet City, Illinois.

Jurkovic played professionally as a defensive tackle for the Green Bay Packers, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Cleveland Browns. Jurkovic was a fan favorite in Green Bay for his boisterous personality. He attended Thornton Fractional North High School and Eastern Illinois University.

Jurkovic also was a reserve color commentator for the NFL on FOX from 2001 to 2001, and is now a midday show host on ESPN Radio 1000 in Chicago along with Carmen DeFalco.

His younger brother, Mirko Jurkovic, played football with him at Thornton Fractional North High School and then on the offensive line at the University of Notre Dame where he was an All-American. Mirko died January 9, 2013, from cancer.

He is of Croatian descent.

John is an avid kegler (bowler) and has bowled a dozen 300 games at his home alley, Castaways Bowl.

title: John Jurkovic


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Giocattolo

Giocattolo Motori Pty Ltd was a short-lived Australian car company, founded in 1986 by sports car enthusiast Paul Halstead and Formula One designer Barry Lock. The company's name comes from the Italian word for "toy".

The Giocattolo was originally based on a heavily modified Alfa Romeo Sprint body shell with a mid-mounted Alfa V6 engine. By the fourth prototype, the V6 engine had proved to be too difficult and expensive to import and install in the car, so the company replaced the projected V6 by a Holden V8 engine built by Holden Special Vehicles. As well as being cheaper, these engines had more power than the Alfa engines they had originally intended to use; the reported top speed of the V8-powered Giocattolo was 160 mi/h. Power was 190 kW. It is unknown what happened to the factory Sprint engines and gearboxes that were taken from the cars.

Including the Alfa-powered third prototype (which was rebuilt and re-fitted with the Holden V8 after an accident with a police car almost destroyed the vehicle), just fifteen Giocattolos were built before the company folded in 1989. Fourteen of the fifteen cars are still in existence. The other - Build No. 007 - was infamously destroyed in a fiery high-speed crash at Eastern Creek Raceway in February 2001, killing the driver, 29-year-old Todd Wilkes.

The third prototype appeared on the TV show Beyond 2000.

title: Giocattolo