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Annamayya (film)

Annamayya is a 1997 Indian Telugu-language hagiographical film directed by K. Raghavendra Rao and produced by V. Doraswamy Raju under the VMC Productions banner. The film portrays the life of the 15th century composer Annamacharya, played by Nagarjuna Akkineni who features alongside an ensemble cast including Mohan Babu, Suman, Ramya Krishna, Bhanupriya, Roja, and Kasthuri. The film has score and soundtrack composed by M. M. Keeravani. Upon release, the film received positive reviews and won eight Nandi Awards, three Filmfare Awards and two National Film Awards. The film was featured in the Indian panorama mainstream section at the 29th IFFI.

Plot
Vishnu listens to requests from his consort Lakshmi, that there weren't many people singing songs in praise of the Lord. In response, the Lord sends his sword Nandaka, to be born as Annamacharya (Annamayya) to a childless couple - Narayana Suri and Lakkamba in Tallapaka village, Kadapa District. Growing up as a normal young man, Annamayya loves his 2 cousins Timakka & Akkalamma who thinks that they are the most beautiful creations of God.

Lord Vishnu appears in front of Annamayya in disguise and accepts a challenge from him to show someone more beautiful than his cousins - God in the form of Lord Venkateswara in a temple in his village. Upon discovering the beauty of the Lord, Annamayya is lost in a different world and ends up making a pilgrimage to Tirumala Venkateswara Temple without planning or informing his parents. As he finds pilgrims entering the holy hills (Saptagiri- seven hills), he embarks on his journey towards Him. But, he is lost and is helped by Goddess Lakshmi herself in the form of an old lady by informs him that his footwear was preventing his progress. Also weakened by fasting, Annamayya accepts Laddu - a Prasadam from the food consecrated by the Lord himself. Upon reaching Tirumala, he is enthralled by the beauty of God and settles there to write and sing hymns in praise of the Lord.

Meanwhile, Annamayya's parents get worried regarding Annamayya's whereabouts. Then, the Lord Venkateshwara, hearing the prayers of Lakkavaamba (Annamayya's mother), himself comes in the disguise of a Hunter along with his consorts and tells them that Annamayya lives in Tirumala. Then, Annamayya's parents, cousins, aunt, uncle, and his 2 friends come to Tirumala and watch him worship the Lord.

When Annamayya is asked to marry his 2 cousins, he refuses saying that his life is dedicated to the service of the Lord and marriage would become a hindrance to it. But, he is then convinced by the Lord himself who has now taken the form of a Brahmin. The Lord personally conducts the wedding of Annamayya with his cousins - Timakka and Akkalamma. After the birth of the children, Annamayya settles in Tirumala leaving his children in the care of his parents. Through encounters with the local administrator (Tanikella Bharani), he comes in contact with the ruler of the country - Saluva Narasimha (Mohan Babu), who becomes a fan of his songs and makes him the court poet. On hearing a Sringara Sankeertan, the King and Queen (Roja) request that Annamayya sing a Sankeertan in their praise as well, something Annamayya rejects as he would sing only for the Lord and not for any human being. Jailed for not heeding the King, Annamayya invokes the Lord in the form of Narasimha (human-lion), and to the surprise of the King, jailors, and everyone - the iron rods burst into flames and release Annamayya.

Realizing that their husband was born for humanity and Lord's service, his wives give up their lives freeing Annamayya of any earthly attachment. Annamayya, realizing the divine order, takes to writing poems and Sankirtans and reaches old age. Priests and Brahmins unhappy with his social inclusion of lower caste people in the temple try to destroy his writings. When Annamayya decides to sacrifice his life because all his works were lost, a significant portion of his work is saved by Lord's grace from the fire. Saluva Narasimha and Annamayya's sons convert his work from palm to copper inscriptions thus preserving his works for eternity. On completion and dedication of the work in the temple sanctum sanctorum, the Lord and his consorts appear one last time, in their divine form. The Lord grants salvation and Annamayya's soul returns as Nandaka.

Cast

 * Nagarjuna as Annamayya
 * Suman as Lord Venkateshwara
 * Mohan Babu as Saluva Narasimha Rayalu
 * Bhanupriya as Goddess Padmavati
 * Ramya Krishna as Timakka
 * Kasthuri as Akkalamma
 * Roja as Saluva Narasimha Rayalu's wife
 * Sri Kanya as Goddess Bhoodevi
 * M. Balayya as Narayana Suri
 * Subha as Lakkamamba
 * Kota Srinivasa Rao
 * Brahmanandam as Pandit
 * Babu Mohan
 * Tanikella Bharani
 * Mallikarjuna Rao
 * AVS
 * Gundu Hanumantha Rao
 * Chitti Babu
 * Ananth Babu
 * Suthi Velu
 * Jenny
 * "Fight Master" Raju
 * Siva Parvathi

Reception
Upon Release The film went to a Cult Classic and One of the evergreen Telugu movie ever made, Though there have been few changes in the original life history of Shri Tallapaka Annamacharya, one could understand these changes helped the movie to become commercially a big hit.

Soundtrack
Music released on T-Series Audio company. The audio was initially released in two volumes (Vol. 1 & Vol. 2) in the Audio cassette format. The film album is the highest sold Telugu music album till date. Most of the tracks which demanded main lead voices were recorded by S. P. Balasubrahmaniyum & Chitra, who were then household singers of Telugu film industry & also were acclaimed for making this album immortal with their golden voices. The rest other singers like M. M. Keeravani, Mano, Sujatha, Srilekha, Purna Chander, Anuradha Sriram & Renuka recorded almost all the backing vocals in the entire album. Many krithis of Annamaachaarya were brought back to life again through this album, say Nigama Nigamantha Krithi sung by SPB & Chitra still holds a special place in every Telugu film lover's hearts.

Box-office
The film turned out to be a Blockbuster with a 100-day run in 42 centres. The film had a 176-day run in 2 centres. The film was a big hit in Chennai & Bangalore too.

The film was dubbed into Tamil as Annamacharya, into Malayalam as Annamacharya and in Hindi as Tirupathi Sri Balaji.

Awards

 * 45th National Film Awards
 * Best Music Direction - M. M. Keeravani
 * Special Mention (actor) - Nagarjuna

 * Filmfare Awards South
 * Best Film – Telugu - V. Doraswamy Raju Raju
 * Best Director – Telugu - K. Raghavendra Rao
 * Best Actor – Telugu - Nagarjuna

 * Nandi Awards - 1997
 * Best Feature Film - Gold - V. Doraswamy Raju
 * Best Director - K. Raghavendra Rao
 * Best Actor - Nagarjuna
 * Best Male Dubbing Artist - S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
 * Best Costume Designer - Thota Babu Rao
 * Best Makeup Artist - T. Mallikarjuna Rao
 * Best Art Director - V. Bhaskara Raju
 * Best Cinematographer - A. Vincent

title: Annamayya (film)


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Pentane interference

Pentane interference or syn-pentane interaction is the steric hindrance that the two terminal methyl groups experience in one of the chemical conformations of n-pentane. The possible conformations are combinations of anti conformations and gauche conformations and are anti-anti, anti-gauche+, gauche+ - gauche+ and gauche+ - gauche− of which the last one is especially energetically unfavorable. In macromolecules such as polyethylene pentane interference occurs between every fifth carbon atom. The 1,3-diaxial interactions of cyclohexane derivatives is a special case of this type of interaction, although there are additional gauche interactions shared between substituents and the ring in that case. A clear example of the syn-pentane interaction is apparent in the diaxial versus diequatorial heats of formation of cis 1,3-dialkyl cyclohexanes. Relative to the diequatorial conformer, the diaxial conformer is 2-3 kcal/mol higher in energy than the value that would be expected based on gauche interactions alone. Pentane interference helps explain molecular geometries in many chemical compounds, product ratios, and purported transition states. One specific type of syn-pentane interaction is known as 1,3 allylic strain or (A1,3 strain).

For instance in certain aldol adducts with 2,6-disubstituted aryl groups the molecular geometry has the vicinal hydrogen atoms in an antiperiplanar configuration both in a crystal lattice (X-ray diffraction) and in solution proton (NMR coupling constants) normally reserved for the most bulky groups i.d. both arenes:

The other contributing factor explaining this conformation is reduction in allylic strain by minimizing the dihedral angle between the arene double bond and the methine proton.

Syn-pentane interactions are responsible for the backbone-conformation dependence of protein side chain rotamer frequencies and their mean dihedral angles, which is evident from statistical analysis of protein side-chain rotamers in the Backbone-dependent rotamer library.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pentane interference


text: User talk:69.28.245.254

title: User talk:69.28.245.254


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Devin Grayson

Devin Kalile Grayson is an American writer of comic books and novels. Titles that she has written include Catwoman, Gotham Knights, The Titans, the Vertigo series USER, and Nightwing.

Early life
Grayson was born in New Haven, Connecticut and raised in Northern California. Her early ambition was to be an actress; she studied at the Berkeley Shakespeare Festival and attended the San Francisco School of the Arts, but while in community college she decided to become a writer instead, and subsequently transferred to Bard College in upstate New York.

Her interest in comics was first kindled when she happened to see an episode of Batman: The Animated Series on television.

Career
Grayson's first comic book script to see print was "Like Riding a Bike", a 10-page short that appeared in the Batman Chronicles in 1997. Other work for DC Comics and Marvel Comics soon followed.

Personal life
Grayson is openly bisexual. She has insulin-dependent Type I Diabetes, lives with Cody, an assistance dog trained to alert her to severe drops in her blood glucose levels, and volunteers for Early Alert Canines. She has also experienced chronic depression.

Awards and nominations

 * 1999:
 * Kimberly Yale Award for Best New Talent (Friends of Lulu)
 * (nominated) Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Awards for Favorite Writer
 * 2000 (nominated) Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Awards for Favorite Writer
 * 2001 (nominated) GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Comic Book (for User)

Ahoy Comics

 * Edgar Allan Poe's Snifter of Blood #2 - writer of 'A Tipple of Amontillado' feature (2020)

Dark Horse Comics

 * Rewild Graphic Novel (2022)

DC Comics

 * Batman Plus Arsenal #1 (1997)
 * Batman Secret Files and Origins #1 (1997)
 * The Batman Chronicles #7, 9, 12, 18, 20 (1997, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000)
 * Arsenal #1–4 (1998)
 * Catwoman #54–71, 1000000, Annual #4 (1998–1999)
 * Batman Annual #22 (1998)
 * Superman Adventures #18 (1998)
 * Nightwing/Huntress #1–4 (1998)
 * Batman 80 Page Giant #1 (1998)
 * Batman Villains: Secret Files & Origins #1 (1998)
 * JLA/Titans #1–#3 (1998–1999)
 * DCU Holiday Bash II, III (1998, 1999)
 * The Titans Secret Files #1 (1999)
 * The Titans #1–20 (#14 co-written with Brian K. Vaughan; #13, 17–20 co-written with Jay Faerber) (1999–2000)
 * Detective Comics #731, 741 (1999, 2000)
 * Batman #564 (1999)
 * Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #116, 126, 177–178 (1999, 2000, 2004)
 * Shadow of the Bat #84, 92, 94 (1999, 1999, 2000)
 * JLA #32 (co-written with Mark Waid) (1999)
 * Nightwing Secret Files #1 (1999)
 * Relative Heroes #1–6 (2000)
 * Batman: Gotham City Secret Files #1 (2000)
 * Batman: Gotham Knights #1–11, 14–18, 20–32 (2000–2002)
 * Nightwing #53, 71–100, 107–117, Annual #1 (2001, 2002–2006)
 * Batman/Joker: Switch (2003)
 * Year One: Batman/Ra's Al Ghul #1–2 (2005)
 * Robin 80th Anniversary #1 - writer of Nightwing & The Titans feature (2020)
 * Green Arrow 80th Anniversary #1 - writer of Arsenal feature (2021)
 * Strange Love Adventures #1 - writer of Alfred feature (2022)
 * DC Pride 2022 - writer of Jon Kent feature (2022)

DC Comics/Vertigo

 * Flinch #7 - writer of Parade feature (1999)
 * User #1–3 (2001)

DC Comics/Wildstorm

 * Everquest: Transformation (2002)
 * Matador #1–6 (2005–2006)

Dynamite Comics

 * Legends of Red Sonja #1 - writer of La Sonja Rossa feature (2013)
 * Vampirella; Feary Tales #1 - writer of Bluebeard's Blood feature (2014)

IDW

 * Womanthology: Heroic - writer of Mook & Me feature (2012)
 * Womanthology: Space #4 - writer of The Smell of Sunshine (2013)
 * Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Dimension X #5 (2017)
 * Star Wars Forces of Destiny: Hera #1 (2018)
 * Ghostbusters: 35th Anniversary: Answer the Call #1 (2019)
 * GLOW Summer Special #1 (2019)

Marvel Comics

 * Black Widow Vol. 1 #1–3 (1999)
 * Black Widow: Break Down #1–3 (co-written with Greg Rucka, 2001)
 * Ghost Rider: The Hammer Lane #1–6 (Marvel Knight Imprint, 2001)
 * X-Men: Evolution #1–8 (2001–2002)
 * Girl Comics #1 - writer of X-Men feature (2010)
 * Power Pack #63 (2017)
 * Marvel Rising #0, Alpha #1, Omega #1 (2018)
 * Ms. Marvel #38 - writer of Zoe feature (2019)
 * War of the Realms: War Scrolls #2 - writer of Doctor Strange feature (2019)
 * Widowmakers: Red Guardian and Yelena Belova #1 (2020)

Novels

 * Batman: Rise of Sin Tzu (Published by Aspect, 2003)
 * Smallville: City (Published by Aspect, 2004)
 * DC Universe: Inheritance (Published by Warner Books, 2006)
 * Doctor Strange: The Fate of Dreams (Published by Marvel Comics, 2016)

title: Devin Grayson


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Talk:1T-SRAM

Untitled
For a May 2005 deletion debate over this page see Votes for deletion/1T-SRAM

This article reads like marketing material and is in need of fixing. Too many fuzzy statements like "speed comparable to SRAM (at multi-megabit densities)". An unsupported claim like this shouldn't be presented as fact. JSB73 (talk) 01:52, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

Considering the fact that there are reports the Nintendo Revolution will be using this technology and that Gamecube does use it, I would suggest keeping the page, for reference. I editted a link to properly link the Nintendo Revolution article. If someone can find the source from IGN about the RAM's use, please cite it. I cannot as I am using a school computer with protections running on it. ~ Ritz

You guys need to understand something about the semicondutor foundry industry. Advertising is worthless -- nearly all sales are conducted through direct-marketing, foundry-partnership, or customer-led inquiry. No design team I know of bases a design decision purely on web-published specifications. Just about everything requires an NDA, so there's really no push for an IP-company to describe in (accurate) detail, the availability and technical specifications.

That's why TSMC, UMC don't even bother with listing barely *half* of their semiconductor services. YOu can't even tell if they test/package/bin parts for you (they don't), if they do mask-set generation (TSMC does), or offer design consulting services (big gray-area for both.) If you read their webpage today, compared it with Fujitsu, Sony, Toshiba, NEC, IBM, etc., you'd think TSMC is dead-last in the merchant foundry business, and you'd be dead wrong.

Mosys 1T-SRAM is real, it's offered at a number of foundries. The list on Mosys's site isn't updated regularly, for the reasons I said earlier. Foundries pick a fab first, then figure out what sort of IP is available at that fab --  they do that by contacting the fab (the fab acts as a single-point-of-contact for most IP-vendors.)  There are some exceptions, but by and large, that's the way this industry works.

This stuff is 1T-DRAM. The article should be removed since it's misleading. It is not possible to create 1T-SRAM.

title: Talk:1T-SRAM


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Seraphim of Sarov

Seraphim of Sarov (Серафим Саровский; 30 July 1754 (or 1759) – 14 January 1833), born Prókhor Isídorovich Moshnín (Mashnín) [Про́хор Иси́дорович Мошни́н (Машни́н)], is one of the most renowned Russian saints and is venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Anglican Communion. He is generally considered the greatest of the 18th-century startsy (elders). Seraphim extended the monastic teachings of contemplation, theoria and self-denial to the layperson. He taught that the purpose of the Christian life was to receive the Holy Spirit. Perhaps his most popular quotation amongst his devotees is "acquire a peaceful spirit, and thousands around you will be saved."

Seraphim was glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1903.

Life

Born 19 July (O.S.) 1754, Seraphim was baptized with the name of Prochor, after Prochorus, one of the first Seven Deacons of the Early Church and the disciple of John the Evangelist. His parents, Isidore and Agathia Moshnin, lived in Kursk, Russia. His father was a merchant. According to Eastern Orthodox Church tradition, a wonderworking icon of the Theotokos (Virgin Mary), Our Lady of Kursk, healed the young boy. Seraphim later experienced a number of visions.

In 1775, at the age of 17, he visited Dorothea of Kiev.

In 1777, at the age of 19, he joined the Sarov monastery as a novice (poslushnik). He was officially tonsured (took his monastic vows) in 1786 and given the religious name of Seraphim (which refers to Seraph-angels in the Bible). Shortly afterwards, he was ordained a hierodeacon (monastic deacon). In 1793, he was ordained as a hieromonk (monastic priest) and became the spiritual leader of the Diveyevo Convent, which has since come to be known as the Seraphim-Diveyevo Convent.

Soon after this, Seraphim retreated to a log cabin in the woods outside Sarov monastery and led a solitary lifestyle as a hermit for 25 years. During this time his feet became swollen to the point that he had trouble walking. Sarov's eating and fasting habits became more strict. At first he ate bread obtained from the monastery and vegetables from his garden, then only vegetables. For three years, he ate only grass.

One day, while chopping wood, Seraphim was attacked by a gang of thieves who beat him mercilessly with the handle of his own axe. He never resisted, and was left for dead. The robbers never found the money they sought, only an icon of the Theotokos (Virgin Mary) in his hut. Seraphim had a hunched back for the rest of his life. However, at the thieves' trial he pleaded to the judge for mercy on their behalf. He spent five months in the monastery, recovering from his injuries and then returned to the wilderness.

After this incident Seraphim spent 1,000 successive nights on a rock in continuous prayer with his arms raised to the sky, a feat of asceticism deemed miraculous by the Eastern Orthodox Church, especially considering the pain from his injuries.

In 1815, in obedience to a reputed spiritual experience that he attributed to the Virgin Mary, Seraphim began admitting pilgrims to his hermitage as a confessor. He soon became immensely popular due to his reputation for healing powers and gift of prophecy. Hundreds of pilgrims per day visited him, drawn as well by his ability to answer his guests' questions before they could ask.

As extraordinarily harsh as Seraphim often was to himself, he was kind and gentle toward others – always greeting his guests with a prostration, a kiss, and exclaiming "Christ is risen!", and calling everyone "My joy". He died while kneeling before a tenderness icon of the Theotokos which he called "Joy of all Joys". This icon is kept currently in the chapel of the residence of the Patriarch of Moscow.

Relics, canonization and veneration
There was a widespread popular belief in Russia that a saint's remains were supposed to be incorrupt, which was not the case with Seraphim as was officially ascertained by a commission that researched his grave in January 1903. This, however, did not deter canonisation, spearheaded by archimandrite Seraphim Chichagov as well as popular veneration. At the end of January (O.S.) 1903, the Most Holy Synod, having received approval from Emperor Nicholas II, announced Seraphim's forthcoming glorification. In early July 1903, his relics were transferred from their original burial place to the church of Saints Zosimus and Sabbatius. Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra provided a new cypress coffin to receive the relics. The solemn canonisation (discovery of the relics) festivities took place in Sarov on 19 July (1 August) 1903 and were attended by the Tsar, his wife, his mother Empress Maria Feodorovna, and other senior members of the Imperial Family.

On 18 July 1903, Metropolitan Anthony Vadkovsky of St. Petersburg officiated at the Last Pannikhida (Memorial Service) in the Dormition Cathedral at Sarov, with the royal family in attendance. These would be the last prayers offered for Seraphim as a departed servant of God; from that time forward, prayers would instead be addressed to him as a saint. On 19 July, Seraphim's birthday, the late liturgy began at 8:00. At the Little Entrance, twelve archimandrites lifted the coffin from the middle of the church and carried it around the holy table (altar), then placed it into a special shrine which had been constructed for it.

The festivities at Sarov ended with the consecration of the first two churches dedicated to Saint Seraphim. The first had been constructed over his monastic cell in the wilderness of Sarov. The second church was consecrated on 22 July at the Diveyevo convent.

Following the Bolshevik Revolution, Soviet authorities severely persecuted religious groups. As part of their persecution of Christians, they confiscated many relics of saints, including Seraphim. Furthermore, his biographer Seraphim Chichagov, who came to become a metropolitan, was arrested, sentenced to death and executed by firing squad in 1937 (and is also celebrated as a Russian Orthodox saint).

In 1991, Seraphim's relics were rediscovered after being hidden in a Soviet anti-religious museum for seventy years. This caused a sensation in post-Soviet Russia and throughout the Orthodox world. A crucession (religious procession) escorted the relics, on foot, all the way from Moscow to Diveyevo Convent, where they remain to this day.

On 19 October 2016, some relics of Seraphim were launched into space aboard the Soyuz MS-02.

Seraphim is remembered in the Anglican Communion with a commemoration on 2 January.

Pope John Paul II also referred to him as a saint.

Quotes
"Acquire a peaceful spirit, and around you thousands will be saved."

"It is necessary that the Holy Spirit enter our heart. Everything good that we do, that we do for Christ, is given to us by the Holy Spirit, but prayer most of all, which is always available to us."

Seraphim and Old Believers

The available information about relations between Seraphim of Sarov and Russian Old Believers tradition is somewhat contradictory. On the one hand, in all the memoirs and biographies, and in the collections of his sayings, he is undoubtedly portrayed as a convinced supporter of the reforms in the church and the official hierarchy. On the other hand, on icons of Seraphim he is usually depicted with a lestovka in his left hand, and in some cases even in old Russian, Old-Believers-style monastic garments (with a peculiar klobuk, and an old-fashioned cast bronze cross), as it is with these objects that he is depicted on the only lifetime portrait of him. The lestovka used by St.Seraphim is preserved up to this time among his personal belongings.

According to some sources, the known problems with the beatification of Seraphim of Sarov did happen exactly due to his general support and sympathy towards the Old Believers tradition, in which case the negative assessment of the old rite, ascribed to him, would have been interpreted as inventions of his followers, who tried to put their teacher in the most favorable light in the eyes of the official church functionaries. It was also suggested that Seraphim could have descended from a family of Old Ritualists, or from a family of secret, cryptic Old Believers (that were widespread in northern and eastern areas of Russia), possibly with consequent gradual shift towards edinoverie.

In spite of some (alleged) controversy, Seraphim was known, at least at the level of official hagiography, for his rejection of the Russian old rites. The majority of old believers authors doubt virtually all the facts known about Seraphim, as well as the very legitimacy of his beatification, and his name is often used in interdenominational polemics.

title: Seraphim of Sarov


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Talk:Death-grind

Closed deletion listing
This article was listed for deletion on 26 May, 2005. The discussion was closed with the result of keep. This article will not be deleted. You can view the discussion, which is no longer live: Votes_for_deletion/Death-grind. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 20:11, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Death-grind


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Joseph Jérôme Siméon

Count Joseph Jérôme Siméon (30 September 1749 – 19 January 1842) was a French jurist and politician. His son, Joseph Balthasar, Comte Siméon, was a noted diplomat.

Revolution
Born in Aix-en-Provence, he was the son of Joseph-Sextius Siméon (1717–1788), a professor of Law and royal secretary for the parlement of Provence. Joseph Jérôme Siméon followed his father's profession, but he was a pursued under the Reign of Terror for his share in the Girondist movement in 1793, and only returned to France after the Thermidorian Reaction.

A deputy in the Council of the Five Hundred, he sided with the conservative side. In 1799, for protesting against the 18 Fructidor invasion of the chamber by Pierre François Augereau, he was imprisoned until the Napoleon Bonaparte's 18 Brumaire coup (9 November). In the Tribunate, Siméon had an important share in the preparation of the Napoleonic code, being rewarded by a seat in the Conseil d'État of the French Consulate.

Empire and Restoration
As a figure of the First French Empire, he was one of the commissioners sent in 1807 to organize the new Kingdom of Westphalia, and was premier of King Jérôme. He served the Bourbon Restoration as councillor of state and a Peer of France. In 1820, he was under-secretary of state for Justice, and in the next year Minister of the Interior until the fall of the Armand-Emmanuel Richelieu ministry (12 December 1821).

A baron of the Empire, created count by the Restoration, he was admitted to the Academy of Political and Moral Sciences in 1832, and in 1837 he became president of the Cour des Comptes. He died in Paris aged 93. His daughter Eleonora married General Giuseppe Lechi.

title: Joseph Jérôme Siméon