text:
Étienne Davignon

Étienne, Count Davignon (born 4 October 1932) is a Belgian former diplomat, top civil servant, businessman, and former vice-president of the European Commission.

Career
After receiving a Doctorate of Law from the Catholic University of Louvain, Davignon joined the Belgian Foreign Ministry, in 1959, and within two years had become an attaché under Paul-Henri Spaak, then Minister of Foreign Affairs. He remained in Belgian government until 1965. In 1970, he chaired the committee of experts which produced the Davignon report on foreign policy for Europe.

Davignon later became the first head of the International Energy Agency, from 1974 to 1977, before becoming a member of the European Commission, of which he was vice-president from 1981 until 1985. From 1989 to 2001, he was chairman of the Belgian bank Société Générale de Belgique, which is now part of the French supplier Engie and was not an arm of the French bank Société Générale, but a Belgian institution. As of 2010 he was Vice Chairman of Suez subsidiary Suez-Tractebel.

As chairman of Société Générale de Belgique, he was a member of the European Round Table of Industrialists. He is the current co-chairman of the EU-Japan Business Dialogue Round Table, chairman of the Paul-Henri Spaak Foundation, president of the EGMONT – Royal Institute for International Relations, chairman of CSR Europe, chairman of the European Academy of Business in Society and was chairman of the annual Bilderberg conference from 1998 to 2001. He is a member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.

Davignon is the chairman of the board of directors of Brussels Airlines, which he co-founded after the bankruptcy of Sabena. He is also a member of the board of numerous Belgian companies, and is the chairman of the board of directors and of the General Assembly of the ICHEC Brussels Management School.

On 26 January 2004, Davignon was given the honorary title of Minister of State, giving him a seat on the Crown Council of Belgium.

Created Count Davignon by King Philippe in 2018.

Davignon is a crucial member of the Strategic Advisory Panel of The European Business Awards. He is a member of the Cercle Gaulois and a member of the advisory board of the Itinera Institute think tank. He is also president of the Brussels-based think tank Friends of Europe.

Family
Davignon was the long-term partner of Antoinette Spaak, daughter of Paul-Henri Spaak, whom he had met while working as his chef de cabinet.

Étienne's grandfather, Julien Davignon, also served in the government of Belgium, being Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1914, at the outbreak of World War I.

Honours

 * Minister of State, by Royal Decree.
 * Knight Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour.
 * Officer in the Order of the Crown.
 * Grand Officer of the Order of the Republic.
 * Grand Officer of the Order of Saint Gregory the Great.
 * Grand Officer of the Order of the Oak Crown.
 * Grand Officer of the Order of the Dannebrog.
 * Grand Officer of the Order of the Aztec Eagle.
 * Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Thailand.
 * Knight Commander of the Order of Saint Olav.
 * Knight Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.
 * Knight Commander of the Order of the Polar Star.
 * Knight Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau.
 * Officer of the Order of the Phoenix.
 * Officer of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George.

title: Étienne Davignon


text:
User:KRIZSAGE

TONIA IS A NAUGHTY GIRL IYA IYA OH!

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:KRIZSAGE


text:
Villa Bouchina

Villa Bouchina was the parsonage of the Christian Reformed Church in the City of Doetinchem, Province of Gelderland. From February 27 until April 21, 1943, it was used temporarily to house nine Jews, including three children, who were known as Mussert Jews.

History
Anton Mussert was the head of the Dutch Nazi Party, the NSB. A number of Jews had joined the NSB, which initially was not antisemitic. Once war broke out that changed, and all Jews were removed from NSB ranks. Villa Bouchina, the parsonage, had become temporarily empty when Rev. J.TH. Meesters was taken to camp Amersfoort on 11 September 1942 for his participation in the Dutch resistance, where he was executed on 15 October 1942. They had a cleaning lady as well as a cook. There were no guards. Despite them having been removed from the NSB, their original membership marked them as traitors. On April 21, these Jews were taken to Camp Theresienstad. They lived in Villa Bouchina not because they were of particular interest to the Dutch non-existing government or the Germans, but because they were under the direct protection of Anton Mussert. Mussert was executed in 1946.

The reservation camp was part of Plan Frederiks. The idea was to protect certain Jews who had been and would be beneficial to the Netherlands. It is not confirmed whether Villa Bouchina was part of that plan. The designation of "a camp" is false.

In addition, in Barneveld (a couple of miles away from Doetinchem) the Germans used the castle 'De Schaffelaar' and the house 'De Biezen' for the same purpose. The approximately 600 inmates of Barneveld were chosen by Secretary-General Frederiks, who was also in control of Villa Bouchina. Fredericks was functioning within the confines of Nazi occupation under the Nazi leadership of Arthur Seyss-Inquart. The villa belonged to the Christian Reformed Church in Doetinchem.

Prisoners

 * Jo Spier
 * Peter Spier
 * Albertina Sophie (Tineke) Spier
 * Céline Spier
 * Thomas Spier
 * Clara Ricardo-Ancona
 * Abraham Spetter
 * Paul Drukker
 * Kaatje van Lunenburg-Groen

Research
A Dutch researcher has been investigating Villa Bouchina for a long time. Historian Chris van der Heijden in his book 'Joodse NSB'ers' also describes the history of Villa Bouchina.

There is no history on Villa Bouchina, except that for seven weeks eight or nine Jewish people temporarily lived there until late April 1943. From 1943 until 1946 Rev. C.H. Appelo lived at Villa Bouchina and from 1946 until 1952 Rev. E.J. Wassink.

Eventually a new Christian Reformed Church was built on de Holter Weg with a new parsonage. Villa Bouchina was sold to Dr. van Aken. Chris van der Heijden analyzes the war as well as the people who for seven weeks resided in the Parsonage.

title: Villa Bouchina


text:
Moray and Nairn (UK Parliament constituency)

Moray and Nairn was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1983.

It was formed by the amalgamation of the county constituency of Elginshire and Nairnshire with the parliamentary burghs of Elgin, previously part of Elgin Burghs, and Nairn and Forres, previously part of Inverness Burghs.

It was split for the 1983 general election and incorporated into Moray and Inverness, Nairn and Lochaber.


text:
Capistrano Unified School District

Capistrano Unified School District (CUSD) is the largest school district in Orange County, California, United States. It is the 9th largest district in the state and the 78th largest in the country. The district currently has 54,036 students and administers 33 elementary schools, two K-8 schools, ten middle schools, six comprehensive high schools, five charter schools, and multiple alternative education programs.

CUSD has 40 California Distinguished Schools, 11 National Blue Ribbon Schools, 19 Golden Bell winning programs, and 36 California Business Honor Roll Schools, among many other award-winning schools and school programs. The district has a graduation rate of 97.2%, much higher than California's average of 85.1%. Every CUSD high school is ranked in the top 1000 US high schools by U.S. News & World Report.

Formed in 1965, Capistrano Unified School District encompasses 195 sqmi and employs 3,992 people, making it the largest employer in South Orange County. With Laguna Beach Unified School District, it is part of the College and Career Advantage (formerly South Coast Regional Occupational Program) (ROP).

Service area
The school district serves all of Dana Point, Laguna Niguel, San Juan Capistrano, and San Clemente. In addition, it serves the unincorporated areas of Las Flores, Ladera Ranch, Coto de Caza, and Rancho Mission Viejo. The school district also serves portions of Mission Viejo, Rancho Santa Margarita, and Aliso Viejo. A tiny portion of Aliso Viejo and a tiny portion of Laguna Beach off El Toro Road south of Aliso Creek Road are contracted out to the Laguna Beach Unified School District in Laguna Beach. However, students who live in those areas typically choose to attend the schools in the Capistrano district due to the convenience. Also, while Laguna Woods has no schools due to it being a retirement community, students who live with relatives in the area may choose to attend schools in the Capistrano district.

Elementary schools

 * Aliso Viejo
 * Canyon Vista Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Don Juan Avila Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Oak Grove Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Wood Canyon Elementary School (California Distinguished School)
 * Dana Point
 * Palisades Elementary School
 * R.H. Dana Elementary School (California Distinguished School and National Blue Ribbon School)
 * R.H. Dana Exceptional Needs Facility
 * Ladera Ranch
 * Chaparral Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Ladera Ranch Elementary School (California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Oso Grande Elementary School (California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Laguna Niguel
 * Crown Valley Elementary School (California Distinguished School)
 * George White Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Hidden Hills Elementary School (California Distinguished School)
 * John S. Malcom Elementary School (California Distinguished School, National Blue Ribbon School, and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Laguna Niguel Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Marian Bergeson Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Moulton Elementary School (California Distinguished School, National Blue Ribbon School, and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Las Flores
 * Wagon Wheel Elementary School (California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Mission Viejo
 * Bathgate Elementary School (California Distinguished School, National Blue Ribbon School, and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Castille Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Phillip Reilly Elementary School (California Distinguished School and National Blue Ribbon School
 * Viejo Elementary two-way language immersion school
 * Rancho Santa Margarita
 * Las Flores Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Tijeras Creek Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * San Clemente
 * Clarence Lobo Elementary School (California Distinguished School)
 * Concordia Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Las Palmas Elementary two-way language immersion school (California Distinguished School)
 * Marblehead Elementary School
 * Truman Benedict Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Vista del Mar Elementary School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * San Juan Capistrano
 * Del Obispo Elementary School (California Distinguished School)
 * Harold Ambuehl Elementary School (California Distinguished School)
 * Kinoshita Elementary School
 * San Juan Elementary two-way language immersion school

K-8 schools

 * Arroyo Vista K-8 School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Capistrano Home School
 * Carl Hankey K-8 International Baccalaureate World School (California Gold Ribbon School and California Business for Education Excellence "Star" School)
 * Esencia K-8 School

Middle schools

 * Aliso Viejo
 * Aliso Viejo Middle School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Don Juan Avila Middle School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Ladera Ranch
 * Ladera Ranch Middle School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Laguna Niguel
 * Niguel Hills Middle School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Mission Viejo
 * Newhart Middle School (California Distinguished School, National Blue Ribbon School, and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Rancho Santa Margarita
 * Las Flores Middle School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * San Clemente
 * Bernice Ayer Middle School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * Shorecliffs Middle School (California Distinguished School)
 * Vista del Mar Middle School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School)
 * San Juan Capistrano
 * Marco Forster Middle School (California Distinguished School and California Business for Education Excellence "Star" School)

High schools

 * Aliso Viejo
 * Aliso Niguel High School (California Distinguished School, National Blue Ribbon School, California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School, U.S. News/World Report "Best High School," Newsweek "Best High School," and US Department of Education New American High School)
 * Dana Point
 * Dana Hills High School (California Distinguished School, National Blue Ribbon School, California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School, and U.S. News/World Report "Best High School")
 * Las Flores
 * Tesoro High School (California Distinguished School, California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School, U.S. News/World Report "Best High School," and Newsweek "Best High School")
 * Mission Viejo
 * Capistrano Valley High School (California Distinguished School, California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School, U.S. News/World Report "Best High School," and International Baccalaureate World School)
 * San Clemente
 * San Clemente High School (California Distinguished School, California Business for Education Excellence "Scholar" School, U.S. News/World Report "Best High School," and International Baccalaureate World School)
 * San Juan Capistrano
 * California Preparatory Academy virtual school
 * San Juan Hills High School (California Business for Education Excellence "Star" School, U.S. News/World Report "Best High School," and Newsweek "Best High School")

Alternative education programs

 * San Juan Capistrano
 * Capistrano Adult School
 * CUSD Adult Transition Program
 * Union High School (California Department of Education Model Continuation High School)

Controversies
In 1994, a science teacher refused to teach evolution because he felt it was a religion. In Peloza v. Capistrano School District, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the school district.

In 2012, Capistrano Unified School District was found guilty for the wrongful death of three-year old Kevin Cisler, who slowly asphyxiated to death on a bus ride home from preschool. The bus driver and CUSD employees failed to properly secure Kevin in his seat, which resulted in the child asphyxiating with the incorrect placement of his chest restraint and seat belt. In Cisler v. Capistrano Unified School District the jury found CUSD guilty and negligent in its actions.

In 2015, a principal was removed from San Clemente High School. This prompted community outrage and resulted in the removal of the assistant superintendent.

Controversies regarding district management have prompted two efforts to recall school board members.

School board
The Capistrano Unified School District has a seven-member board of trustees, with each trustee representing one of seven geographic areas within the school district. Each trustee is elected to a four-year term of office. Trustees must reside in the area they represent.

Current board of trustees:
 * Amy Hanacek, Area 1
 * Michael Parham, Area 2
 * Lisa Davis, Area 3
 * Gary Pritchard, Area 4
 * Krista Castellanos, Area 5
 * Gila Jones, Area 6
 * Judy Bullockus, Area 7

The board of trustees is the policy-making body for the school district. It is charged with providing a quality educational program for students in kindergarten through grade 12 in accordance with the California Constitution, the laws of the state, adopted board policies, and the desires of the community.

As elected officials, trustees are state officers responsible for the governance of a political subdivision of the state. The school district is independent of city and county governments, but cooperates with them. In addition to establishing school district policies, the board adopts an annual budget and approves all expenditures, employment decisions, curricula, textbooks, and courses of study, and makes decisions on school sites, building plans and construction contracts. Trustees have no power to act individually in the name of the board. Formal action can be taken only when the board is in session with a quorum of at least half of the trustees.

The superintendent
The administration of the school district is delegated by trustees to a professional administrative staff headed by the superintendent. The superintendent acts as secretary to the board of trustees.

Superintendents since unification:
 * 1965-1969  Dr. Charles F. Kenney
 * 1969-1975  Truman Benedict
 * 1975-1991  Dr. Jerome R. Thornsley
 * 1991-2006  Dr. James A. Fleming
 * 2007-2007  Dr. Dennis Smith
 * 2007-2009  Woodrow Carter
 * 2010-2014  Dr. Joseph M. Farley
 * 2014–2022 Kirsten M. Vital Brulte

title: Capistrano Unified School District


text:
User talk:Theodore Therone

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alai 17:33, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Your recent edits
Hi there. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. If you can't type the tilde character, you should click on the signature button located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your name and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you! --SineBot (talk) 15:08, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

Image tagging for File:AristotleMDR logo.png
Thanks for uploading File:AristotleMDR logo.png. You don't seem to have said where the image came from or who created it. We require this information to verify that the image is legally usable on Wikipedia, and because most image licenses require giving credit to the image's creator.

To add this information, click on this link, then click the "Edit" tab at the top of the page and add the information to the image's description. If you need help, post your question on Media copyright questions.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

Thank you for your cooperation. --ImageTaggingBot (talk) 06:05, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Aristotle mdr v122 screenshot.png
Thank you for uploading File:Aristotle mdr v122 screenshot.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.

If the necessary information is not added within the next days, the image will be deleted. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem.

Please refer to the image use policy to learn what images you can or cannot upload on Wikipedia. Please also check any other files you have uploaded to make sure they are correctly tagged. Here is a [ list of your uploads]. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Codename Lisa (talk) 19:09, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

Nomination of Ride the bus for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Ride the bus is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Ride the bus until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Rusf10 (talk) 23:30, 2 May 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Theodore Therone


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/New College Democrats

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Keep, no consensus to delete, votes evenly split between keep and delete, with the issue being whether or not the group is notable enough for Wikipedia. Pincus 06:49, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

New College Democrats
A local chapter of the College Democrats for New College of Florida. I don't think local chapters of the College Dems are notable enough for inclusion in an encyclopedia--also, this will be very difficult to update. Meelar (talk) 17:34, May 28, 2005 (UTC) Keep per WebLuis. DJ Silverfish 19:08, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Went through VfD a while ago (see article's page history) and the consensus was to keep. JMaxwell 19:14, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete No, it wasn't. The user Anthony DiPierro deleted the first VfD table on 8 Mar 2004. If the consensus was to keep then an admin didn't do his/her job by putting the VfD archive on the discussion tab. It is only a local chapter of a notable organization so delete. --Chill Pill Bill 20:58, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I remember the last VfD vote. I voted and the consensus was to keep. The vote tally must have been deleted. Pincus 23:14, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Kaibabsquirrel 19:55, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (again) Pincus 23:14, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No more notble than any other college's College Democrats group.  It appears that Anthony Di Pierro deleted the VfD header before the 5-day period ended, I wonder what happened to the vote page.  RickK 23:17, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * The group is notable in Southwest Florida, and a lot for influential than being a College Democrats chapter would suggest. For example, it hosted all of the debates in the Democratic Congressional party and is frequently mentioned in the local media. Pincus 23:36, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I'm in Tampa, some 40 miles away, and I've heard of this group, probably from the Tampa Tribune. JBurnham 00:18, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Zzyzx11 (Talk) 00:30, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Agree with RickK. --Xcali 01:11, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, local chapters aren't notable. --W(t) 01:13, 2005 May 29 (UTC)
 * Keep I've been finding that many here have an odd standard for what's "not notable." BrowardPlaya 01:28, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, sounds notable in Southwest Florida. Kappa 02:41, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Agree with RickK - local chapters are non-notable unless they have something special - hosting a party debate for a congressional primary is not special. --FCYTravis 03:02, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I was originally inclined to vote delete too, but I decided to do a google search before just to make sure that the group's not notable. From googling, it seems as if they special, for one thing, for being the only Democratic organization in the socialist United for Peace and Justice umbrella. Google also reveals some other drives that make them seem a bit unusual for such a group, such as hosting black radical Omali Yeshitela. So what I've been finding from the search makes me lean toward keep. WebLuis 13:27, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete local chapters arent inherently notable. Megan1967 04:31, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per RickK and Megan1967. Quale 07:38, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per JBurnham and Kappa. Wenteng 09:32, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Quale and TCYTravis. Radiant_* 10:46, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Kappa Xoloz 19:42, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep what Kappa said -CunningLinguist 23:00, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete local chapters are non notable. JamesBurns 11:36, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep From googling, it seems to be a pretty active group throughout SW Florida that just happens to be a local chapter. Keep per Kappa. WebLuis 13:19, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's a local chapter of a political party, and unless there's some evidence of historical notability, it ain't enough for an encyclopedia entry. --Calton | Talk 05:59, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Only Democratic organization in the country affiliated with the socialist United for Peace and Justice sounds pretty notable. I can't think of any other Democratic organ officially taking on a socialist orientation. Even more remarkable, I can't find anything online suggesting that they have been censored by the party leadership. JMaxwell 20:56, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete local chapter stuff. Merge anything of value into the parent org. Vegaswikian 23:14, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Ruy Lopez 20:03, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per WebLuis. For a Democratic group, they seem pretty innovative. NEW WORLD ORDER 20:16, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per RickK. jni 07:40, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Two main reasons to delete: The most important: 1) Many versions contain/contained untruthful and exagerated information. Which leads to the other reason for deletion: 2) The actual group is very much non-notable. Their political involvement waxes and wanes with the semesters, and the group has been in a steady decline since the past November elections. This information does not come from internet research but from personal experience. User:guslto 10:55, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Then if it is not from verifiable research, it must be disregarded. Please see No original research. Pincus 06:47, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is utterly absurd. This is a college club which put on a few debates.  There are thousands of nearly identical clubs around the world.  Non-notable.  Gamaliel 06:52, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
File:H2G2 Radio Collectors Edition booklet front.jpg

Scan of the front cover of the booklet included with the eight CD set for The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: The Collector's Edition. Published by the BBC Radio Collection, 2001.

Fair use rationale
Rationale for use in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series):
 * 1) This image is only being used in the article about the radio series for informational and educational purposes.
 * 2) It is a low resolution image, in an inferior graphics format (JPEG).
 * 3) There are no free or public domain alternative images that can be used to illustrate the Hitchhiker's Guide radio series.
 * 4) It is not believed that this image will interfere with the rights of Douglas Adams's estate, or his current publishers, in the sales of recordings of the radio series.
 * 5) It is also not believed that the use of this image will infringe upon the rights of BBC Worldwide.


text:
Trap–bath split

The – split is a vowel split that occurs mainly in Southern England English (including Received Pronunciation), Australian English, New Zealand English, Indian English, South African English and to a lesser extent in some Welsh English as well as older Northeastern New England English by which the Early Modern English phoneme was lengthened in certain environments and ultimately merged with the long  of lexical set. In that context, the lengthened vowel in words such as bath, laugh, grass and chance in accents affected by the split is referred to as a broad A (also called in Britain long A). Phonetically, the vowel is in Received Pronunciation (RP), Cockney and Estuary English; in some other accents, including Australian and New Zealand accents, it is a more fronted vowel ( or ) and tends to be a rounded and shortened  in Broad South African English. A trap–bath split also occurs in the accents of the Middle Atlantic United States (New York City, Baltimore, and Philadelphia accents), but it results in very different vowel qualities to the aforementioned British-type split. To avoid confusion, the Middle Atlantic American split is usually referred to in American linguistics as a 'short-a split'.

In accents unaffected by the split, words like bath and laugh usually have the same vowel as words like cat, trap and man: the short A or flat A. Similar changes took place in words with $⟨o⟩$ in the lot–cloth split.

The sound change originally occurred in Southern England and ultimately changed the sound of to  in some words in which the former sound appeared before. That led to RP for path,  for chant etc. The sound change did not occur before other consonants and so accents affected by the split preserve  in words like cat. (See the section below for more details on the words affected.) The lengthening of the bath vowel began in the 17th century but was "stigmatised as a Cockneyism until well into the 19th century". However, since the late 19th century, it has been embraced as a feature of upper-class Received Pronunciation.

British accents
The presence or absence of this split is one of the most noticeable differences between different accents of England. An isogloss runs across the Midlands from the Wash to the Welsh border, passing to the south of the cities of Birmingham and Leicester. North of the isogloss, the vowel in most of the affected words is usually the same short-a as in cat; south of the isogloss, the vowel in the affected words is generally long.

There is some variation close to the isogloss; for example in the dialect of Birmingham (the so-called 'Brummie') most of the affected words have a short-a, but aunt and laugh usually have long vowels. Additionally, some words which have in most forms of American English, including half, calf, rather, can't and shan't, are usually found with long vowels in the Midlands and Northern England. The split is also variable in Welsh English, often correlated with social status. In some varieties, such as Cardiff English, words like ask, bath, laugh, master and rather are usually pronounced with while words like answer, castle, dance and nasty are normally pronounced with. On the other hand, the split may be completely absent in other varieties like Abercraf English.

In northern English dialects, the short A is phonetically, while the broad A varies from to ; for some speakers, the two vowels may be identical in quality, differing only in length ( vs ). John Wells has claimed that Northerners who have high social status may have a trap–bath split and has posted on his blog that he grew up with the split in Upholland, Lancashire. AF Gupta's study of students at the University of Leeds found that (on splitting the country in two halves) 93% of northerners used in the word bath and 96% of southerners used. However, there are areas of the Midlands where the two variants co-exist and, once these are excluded, there were very few individuals in the north who had a trap–bath split (or in the south who did not have the split). Gupta writes, 'There is no justification for the claims by Wells and Mugglestone that this is a sociolinguistic variable in the north, though it is a sociolinguistic variable on the areas on the border [the isogloss between north and south]'.

In some West Country accents of English English in which the vowel in trap is realised as rather than, the vowel in the bath words was lengthened to  and did not merge with the  of father. In those accents, trap, bath, and father all have distinct vowels, , and.

In Cornwall, Bristol and its nearby towns, and many forms of Scottish English, there is no distinction corresponding to the RP distinction between and.

In Multicultural London English, sometimes merges with  but the preceding vowel remains unchanged. That leads to the homophony between bath and path on the one hand and Bart and part on the other. Both pairs are thus pronounced and, respectively, which is not common in other non-rhotic accents of English that differentiate  from. That is not categorical, and th-fronting may occur instead and so bath and path can be and  instead, as in Cockney.

In Received Pronunciation
In Received Pronunciation (RP), the trap–bath split did not happen in all eligible words. It is hard to find a clear rule for the ones that changed. Roughly, the more common a word, the more likely that its vowel changed from flat to broad. It also looks as if monosyllables were more likely to change than polysyllables. The change very rarely took place in open syllables except if they were closely derived from another word with. Thus, for example, passing is closely derived from pass and so has broad A, while passage is not so closely derived and so has flat A. Here is the set of words that underwent transition and counterexamples with the same environment:

The split created a handful of minimal pairs, such as ant–aunt, caff–calf, cant–can't, have–halve, and staph-staff. There also are some near-minimal pairs, such as ample–sample. In accents with th-fronting (such as cockney), there are additional minimal pairs such as baff–bath and hath–half, and, in accents with th-stopping (which occurs variably in Multicultural London English), there are other minimal pairs such as bat–bath, lat–lath (with lat meaning latitude) and pat–path. In addition, the h-dropping in cockney creates more minimal pairs such as aff–half (with aff meaning affirmative) and asp–hasp.

For the words in the last row, subsequent sound changes have altered the conditions initially responsible for lengthening.

There are some words in which both pronunciations are heard among southern speakers:

 * the words Basque, bastard, chaff, dastard, Glasgow, graph, lather, masquerade, pasteurise, plaque, (circum)stance
 * Greek elements as in telegraph, blastocyst, chloroplast
 * words with the prefix trans-

While graph, telegraph, photograph can have either form (in Received Pronunciation, they now have broad A), graphic and permutations always have a flat A.

Broad A fluctuates in dialects that include it; before s it is a more common alternative when in its common voiceless variant ( rather than ) (in transfer, transport and variants) than when it is voiced (thus translate , trans-Atlantic ).

Social attitudes
Some research has concluded that many people in Northern England dislike the vowel in bath words. AF Gupta writes, 'Many of the northerners were noticeably hostile to, describing it as "comical", "snobbish", "pompous" or even "for morons"'. Writing on a Labovian study of speech in West Yorkshire, K. M. Petyt stated in 1985 that several respondents 'positively said that they did not prefer the long-vowel form or that they really detested it or even that it was incorrect'. However, Joan Beal said in a 1989 review of Petyt's work that those who disliked the pronunciation still associated it with the BBC and with the sort of professional positions to which they would aspire.

Southern Hemisphere accents
Evidence for the date of the shift comes from the Southern Hemisphere accents in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

In Australian English, there is generally agreement with Southern England in words like path, laugh, class. However, with the exception of South Australian English and in the specific words aunt, can't, shan't in any Australian English, other words with the vowel appearing before or, such as dance, plant, example, can use the flat A. In Australia, there is variation in words like castle and graph; for more information, see the table at Variation in Australian English. In South Australian English, the broad A is usually used. Phonetically, the Australian broad A is.

South African English and New Zealand English have a sound distribution similar to that of Received Pronunciation.

North American accents
Most accents of American English and Canadian English are unaffected by the split. The main exceptions are in extinct or older accents of eastern New England (including the early-20th-century Boston accent) and possibly the Plantation South, particularly Tidewater Virginia, where the broad sound was used in some of the same words, though usually a smaller number, as in Southern England, such as aunt, ask, bath. (Aunt alone still commonly uses the vowel in New England and Virginia.) By the early 1980s, the broad  was in decline in New England.

Related but distinct phenomena include the following:
 * The phonemic tensing of in the accents of New York English and particularly Philadelphia that occurs specifically before  (in New York, tensing occurs in more environments; see /æ/ tensing).
 * The drawled pronunciation in Southern accents; many South Midland, Appalachian English, and inland Southern speakers also raise the  in aunt, dance, plant to  or.

In North American English, the non-front realization of continental $⟨a⟩$ in loanwords such as pasta (U.S. only; cf. British and Canadian ) is not an example of the trap-bath split because the vast majority of North American English accents do not feature the split in native words. Furthermore, the realization occurs regardless of the phonetic environment, even in those environments where the lengthening did not take place in the south of England, such as before a bare final  in the German surname Mann  (cf. British, homophonous with the native word man).

title: Trap–bath split


text:
Naughty Boys (album)

Naughty Boys (浮気なぼくら) is the sixth album by Yellow Magic Orchestra, recorded from October 1982 to March 1983, and released on May 24, 1983. It contains the pop-oriented single "Kimi ni Mune Kyun", as well as a "preview" of "You've Got to Help Yourself", which was released in its full version on the companion album Naughty Boys Instrumental, and again with vocals on Service.

Overview
Naughty Boys was their final album to top the Oricon charts. After that, no technopop artist was able to reach No.1 until Perfume's 2008 album Game. "Kimi ni Mune Kyun" also became the highest-charting single by a technopop artist on the Oricon charts, debuting at No. 2; a record the song retained until Perfume's "Love the World" debuted at No. 1 in 2008. "Ongaku" ("Music") was reportedly written by Ryuichi Sakamoto for his then-two-year-old daughter, Miu. Naughty Boys was re-released in 2004 in a double disc package alongside Naughty Boys Instrumental.

Various cover versions of "Kimi ni Mune Kyun" have been produced by later artists, including Jan Linton in 1992, and including School Food Punishment in 2011. Also in 2009, a cover of "Kimi ni Mune Kyun" was used as the ending theme song for the anime series Maria Holic, sung by Asami Sanada, Marina Inoue, and Yū Kobayashi, the voice actresses of the main characters.

Reception
John Bush of AllMusic noted how the album sounds very different from their previous albums, praising it as "a solid album of commercial synth-pop" as well as the lead single "Kimi Ni Mune Kyun" for "featuring vocals just as accomplished as its production." Andrew Stout of SF Weekly has praised the album as "sensuous musique concrète perfected."

Naughty Boys Instrumental
A remix album, Naughty Boys Instrumental (浮気なぼくら（インストゥルメンタル）), was released in July 1983 by record label Alfa. It contained nearly the entire Naughty Boys album as instrumental tracks in an entirely different running order, as well as the b-side to "Kimi ni, mune kyun.", "Chaos Panic"; and the full instrumental version of "You've Got to Help Yourself", which was released in "preview" form on the previous album. "You've Got to Help Yourself"'s vocal version is also featured on Service.

Naughty Boys Instrumental featured additional synthesizers imitating the vocal lines, as well as new embellishments and mixes. Several tracks featured sonically updated percussion tracks, while "Ongaku" featured an acoustic piano soloing over the piece.

The instrumental versions of "Chaos Panic", "Lotus Love", and "Kai-Koh" were later included as bonus tracks on Restless Records' 1992 CD release of X∞Multiplies in the United States and Canada, alongside the non-album single "Kageki Na Shukujo". Later, Naughty Boys Instrumental was re-released in its entirety as part of a double-CD package with the original Naughty Boys in 2004.

Translation notes
As on some other YMO albums, song titles are provided in both Japanese and English, and some have different translations altogether:
 * "君に、胸キュン. " translates to "My Heart Beats for You."
 * Though "Expected Way" and "Expecting Rivers" are the official translations, the Japanese titles translate to "Desired Path" and "River of Hope", respectively.
 * "邂逅" translates to "Chance Meeting".
 * "以心電信" translates to "Telegraph of the Heart".

Personnel

 * Yellow Magic Orchestra – Arrangements, Electronics, Mixing engineers, Producers
 * Haruomi Hosono – Bass, Synth Bass, Keyboards, Vocals
 * Ryuichi Sakamoto – Keyboards, Vocals
 * Yukihiro Takahashi – Vocals, Electronic drums, Cymbals, Keyboards

Guest musicians
 * Takeshii Fujii & Akihiko Yamazoe – Technical assistance
 * Takashi Matsumoto – Lyrics for "Kimi ni, mune kyun."
 * Peter Barakan – Lyrics for "Focus" and "Opened My Eyes"
 * Bill Nelson – Electric guitar

Staff
 * Mitsuo Koike – Recording & Mixing engineer
 * Akitsugu Doi (Studio "A”) & Takanobu Arai (Onkio Haus) – Assistant Engineers
 * Kazusuke Obi & Osamu Takahashi – A&R Coordinators
 * Yōichi Itō (Office Intenzio) & Hiroshi Ōkura (B-2 Unit) – Management
 * Tsuguya Inoue (Beans) – Art director
 * Tsukuitoshinao – Creative Services
 * Masayoshi Sukita – Photography
 * Mikio Honda (Bijin) – Hair, Makeup

title: Naughty Boys (album)


text:
Wim Jansen

Wilhelmus Marinus Antonius Jansen (28 October 1946 – 25 January 2022) was a Dutch professional football player and manager.

As a midfielder or defender, he spent most of his career at Feyenoord, winning honours including the European Cup in 1970. He earned 65 international caps with the Dutch national team and played in the teams that reached the 1974 and 1978 FIFA World Cup finals.

Jansen served in several roles at Feyenoord, including winning the KNVB Cup in consecutive seasons as manager in the early 1990s. He also won the Scottish Premier Division at Celtic in 1997–98.

Club career
He spent most of his playing career with his hometown team, Feyenoord, between 1965 and 1980. At Feyenoord, Jansen won four League Championships, one Dutch Cup, one UEFA Cup in 1974, and the European Cup in 1970 when Feyenoord defeated Celtic 2–1 in Milan. He scored once in the 1969–70 European Cup campaign, opening a 2–0 home win over A.C. Milan in the second leg of the second round, as Feyenoord overturned a 1–0 loss from the first game. He was the captain of their 1974 team which defeated Tottenham Hotspur 4–2 on aggregate.

After a brief spell in the North American Soccer League with the Washington Diplomats, he moved to Feyenoord's rivals Ajax, where he won a league title in 1981–82. His debut for Ajax was against his former club in De Kuip in December 1980; a fan of Feyenoord threw an icy snowball at Jansen's eye during warming-up which finally resulted in Jansen being substituted within 20 minutes into the game.

Dutch teammate Johan Cruyff considered Jansen to be one of only four men worth paying attention to when they spoke about football.

International career
Jansen earned his first of 65 caps for the Netherlands on 4 October 1967, in a 2–1 loss away to Denmark in UEFA Euro 1968 qualifying. He scored his only international goal in his eighth game on 4 September 1968, a 2–0 win over Luxembourg in his hometown for 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification.

Jansen played all seven games as the Dutch finished runners-up to hosts West Germany at the 1974 FIFA World Cup, and repeated the feat in 1978 as they lost to hosts Argentina. He committed the foul on Bernd Hölzenbein in 1974 which allowed Paul Breitner to equalise with a penalty as the Germans came from behind to beat the Dutch. He also played both games of their bronze-medal finish at UEFA Euro 1976 in Yugoslavia.

Managerial career
Jansen began his managerial career at his old club Feyenoord, where he worked as a coach, and then as assistant manager, between 1983 and 1987. He also had a season as manager of Belgian club SC Lokeren. In 1991, he returned to Feyenoord as manager, winning the KNVB Cup in 1991. The result was a surprise as the club had been near bankruptcy in the preceding years.

The team also won the cup in 1992 and reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1991–92. He became Technical Director in 1992, and his old teammate, Willem van Hanegem coached the team to the league in 1993 and the Dutch Cup again the following season. Jansen disagreed with van Hanegem's physical tactics, and argued with chairman Jorien van den Herik when the coach was given a contract extension. He left to work as assistant manager of Saudi Arabia alongside compatriot Leo Beenhakker, and also managed Japanese side Sanfrecce Hiroshima, where he struggled with the language.

On 3 July 1997, Wim Jansen was appointed head coach of Celtic, replacing the sacked Tommy Burns. He was their first manager from outside Great Britain and Ireland, and only the second to have never played for the club. He went on to guide them to their first Scottish league championship in ten years, ending the hopes of rival Rangers to win a tenth consecutive championship. Despite winning the league and the Scottish League Cup during his only season in charge, Jansen left the club less than 48 hours after the title was secured as he was unable to work with general manager Jock Brown. His most notable transfer was the signing of Henrik Larsson from Feyenoord.

At the beginning of the 2008–09 season, Jansen took up the position of assistant to the head coach of the Feyenoord first team, Gertjan Verbeek. He resigned in solidarity when the coach was fired in 2009.

Personal life and death
Jansen was given a Latin name, as is the custom for Dutch Catholics, because his family lived with Catholics in the first year of his life. He and his family were not religious, and he would practice kicking a ball at a pole on Sundays while all his neighbours were at church. As a child, he lived on the same street (Bloklandstraat) as Feyenoord teammate Coen Moulijn.

Jansen lived in Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht from the 1970s. In late 2021, he released the biography Meesterbrein ("Mastermind"), written alongside Yoeri van den Busken.

Jansen died of complications from dementia on 25 January 2022 at the age of 75. His funeral was held four days later at Feyenoord's De Kuip stadium.

Player

Feyenoord
 * Eredivisie: 1964–65, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1973–74
 * KNVB Cup: 1968–69
 * European Cup: 1969–70
 * Intercontinental Cup: 1970
 * UEFA Cup: 1973–74

Ajax
 * Eredivisie: 1981–82

Netherlands
 * FIFA World Cup runner-up: 1974, 1978
 * UEFA European Championship third place: 1976
 * Tournoi de Paris: 1978

Manager
Feyenoord
 * KNVB Cup: 1990–91, 1991–92

Celtic
 * Scottish Premier Division: 1997–98
 * Scottish League Cup: 1997–98

title: Wim Jansen


text:
Sackville Tufton, 8th Earl of Thanet

Sackville Tufton, 8th Earl of Thanet (Lord Thanet) (1733–1786) was an English nobleman.

Life
He was the second son of Sackville Tufton, 7th Earl of Thanet. Tufton received his early education at Westminster School. He was hereditary High Sheriff of Westmorland from 1753 to 1786.

Family
Tufton married Mary, daughter of Lord John Sackville, in 1767. They had five sons and two daughters:

 * Elizabeth (died 1768)
 * Sackville Tufton, 9th Earl of Thanet
 * Charles Tufton, 10th Earl of Thanet
 * Caroline (born 1771), who married Joseph Foster Barham
 * John Tufton, a noted cricketer
 * Henry Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet
 * Edward William (1777–1786), who died by drowning.

title: Sackville Tufton, 8th Earl of Thanet


text: File:San dieguito academy.jpg

title: File:San dieguito academy.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Academical Village People

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 00:00, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Academical Village People
Advertising. (Note the "Buy their CDs ..." link which I removed) TheParanoidOne 17:39, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete seems like advertising for some minor college group--Sophitus 20:59, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - smells like standard minor band promotion. -- Cyrius|✎ 22:01, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not enough information to establish notability. --Xcali 01:10, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, didn't we already VfD and delete this a while back? --W(t) 01:13, 2005 May 29 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, advertising. Megan1967 04:32, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Bengawan Solo (song)

"Bengawan Solo" (lit. "Solo River") is an Indonesian song written by Gesang Martohartono in 1940. The song is a description of the longest river in Java, Solo River. The song became popular in Indonesia during the Second World War and was one of the songs promoted nationally in the newly-independent country after the war.

The song is the first song written in Bahasa Indonesia by an Indonesian to achieve widespread popularity in Indonesia. It also became popular in Japan, other Far East and Southeast Asian countries, and many versions of the song in different languages exist.

Background
The song was written in 1940 by Gesang Martohartono when he was 23. Gesang was an untrained musician from Surakarta when he composed "Bengawan Solo". He started the composition by singing the tune, amending it for a few weeks until he was satisfied with it, then wrote the melody down in sol-fa number script. Even though Gesang was Javanese, he decided off the surging nationalist political climate of the day to wrote the song's lyrics in a form of literary Malay which was to become the national language "Bahasa Indonesia"; it was composed in the local kroncong style, a popular folk style with Portuguese influences. He initially performed the song locally at weddings and social functions, and it then started to gain popularity in Indonesia after two local radio stations began broadcasting the song.

The song is the first vernacular song by a local composer to gain wide popularity in Indonesia and around the world. It was widely broadcast as a propaganda song in Indonesia during Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies that started in 1942 during World War II, and it was also one of the songs promoted nationally by Sukarno after the Second World War and independence in 1945. It gained wider international attention after the Second World War – the song was popular with the Japanese who occupied Indonesia and the popularity of the song then spread to Japan. The singer Ichirō Fujiyama, who was in Indonesia and taken prisoner in East Java at the end the war, brought the song's melody and lyrics to Japan on his return home. There, Japanese singers recorded the song which proved highly popular. It also spread to other parts of Asia. Its popularity in Japan led many to believe that it was a Japanese song, but in 1990 a court ruled that Gesang wrote the song. A special body was established to manage intellectual property rights in Indonesia after the case and Japan now pays copyright royalty for the song.

In 1991, a group of appreciative Japanese war veterans arranged for a statue of Martohartono to be erected in a park in Surakarta. Gesang, who became a nationally renowned figure for the song, died in 2010.

Lyrics
The song is a poetic description of Java's longest river, Solo River, which flows through central and eastern Java, Indonesia. It describes how its water changes in the dry and rainy seasons, and that it flows from the city of Surakarta (known locally as Solo) surrounded by mountains, eventually into the sea. It ends with the observation that it has always been used by merchants with boats.

Cover versions
During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, its melodies appealed to the occupying Japanese soldiers as well as the non-Indonesian prisoners (mainly Dutch civilians) in the internment camps. A Japanese colonel, Takahashi Kōryō, wrote new lyrics in Indonesian to the tune of "Bengsawan Solo" in a song called "Negeri Sekutu" in an attempt to popularize anti-Allies sentiment among Indonesians. Ichirō Fujiyama, a Japanese singer who was taken prisoner in East Java when Japan surrendered and spent some time in a prison in the Solo River area, took "Bengawan Solo" to Japan (with the lyrics translated to Japanese). It gained great popularity when Toshi Matsuda recorded a version in 1947, which became a best-seller. Other singers such as Hibari Misora, Akira Kobayashi and Harumi Miyako also recorded the song.

The tune became a big hit among Chinese communities after Malaysian singer Poon Sow Keng sang it with Mandarin lyrics for Hong Kong Pathe in 1956. Its popularity was further boosted by Koo Mei, who made her rendition for Philips Records shortly thereafter. (Pathe and Philips were major competitors at that time.) Since then, many Chinese language singers have written their own lyrics for the tune. The song has also been recorded in Burmese, Dutch, Khmer, English, Korean, Swedish, Polish, Russian, Tagalog, Thai, and Vietnamese.

An English version, titled "By the River of Love", was recorded by Rebecca Pan in early 1960s in Hong Kong. The lyrics describe a romantic evening beneath twinkling stars and swaying palms. The period recording by Rebecca Pan was used in the soundtrack of the 2000 movie In the Mood for Love by director Wong Kar-wai. Pan also has a role in the movie, playing Mrs. Suen.

Many artists have recorded "Bengawan Solo" in the modern Indonesian and Malaysian languages, including Oslan Husein & Teruna Ria, Waljinah, Anneke Grönloh, Chan Yung Yung (陳蓉蓉), Frances Yip, P. Ramlee and Saloma in their guest appearance for the 1961 Hong Kong film Love Parade (花團錦簇), and Siti Nurhaliza with Noh Salleh. The recording by Oslan Hussein & Teruna Ria was ranked 11th in the list of 150 Best Indonesian Songs of All Time by Rolling Stone Indonesia in 2009.

Usage and cultural references

 * Bengawan Solo is the title of the 1949 Indonesian film with the song used as the title theme.
 * The song was used in the 1949 Japanese film Stray Dog by Akira Kurosawa.
 * Bengawan Solo (ブンガワンソロ, Bungawan Soro) is the title of a 1951 Japanese film directed by Kon Ichikawa, with "Bengawan Solo" its theme song.
 * "Bengawan Solo" was used in the 1962 film An Autumn Afternoon by Yasujirō Ozu.
 * The song performed in English was used in the film In the Mood for Love directed by Wong Kar-wai.
 * Bengawan Solo is the name of a popular chain of cake and pastry shops in Singapore.

title: Bengawan Solo (song)


text:
Cincinnati Stingers

The Cincinnati Stingers were an ice hockey team based in Cincinnati that played in the World Hockey Association from 1975 to 1979 and in the Central Hockey League during the 1979–80 season. Their home arena was Riverfront Coliseum. They are the only major league hockey team to have played in Cincinnati.

History
The Stingers franchise was awarded in 1974 as part of the WHA's ill-conceived attempt at expansion. They entered the league for the 1975–76 WHA season along with the Denver Spurs. Most of the league's existing teams were not financially stable, and franchise relocations were commonplace. The Stingers achieved enough stability that they were the only one of the WHA's five expansion teams that lasted through to the end of the league, but they were left out of the NHL–WHA merger in mid-1979. The WHA insisted on including all three of its surviving Canadian teams, though below-average attendance made it unlikely that the Stingers would have made the cut. The Stingers, along with the Birmingham Bulls, were paid to disband when the WHA ceased operations.

The Stingers were the first professional team of long-time NHL stars Mike Gartner and Mike Liut, and the second pro team for Mark Messier, who scored one goal on a line with Robbie Ftorek, one of the league's top scorers.

After the WHA shut down, a minor professional version of the Cincinnati Stingers began the 1979–80 season in the Central Hockey League (CHL). The CHL team included only three players from the 1978–79 WHA Stingers; Dave Debol, Byron Shutt and Paul Stewart, but disbanded 33 games into the season.

The last Cincinnati Stingers player active in North American major professional hockey was Mark Messier, who retired in 2004.

Hockey Hall of Fame members

 * Mike Gartner
 * Mark Messier

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

 * World Hockey Association

 * Central Hockey League

title: Cincinnati Stingers


text:
File:The Colour of Magic (cover art).jpg

Summary
The Colour of Magic cover by Alan Smith, from http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?192061

Rationale of fair use for The Colour of Magic

 * 1) No free alternative can exist because all artwork by Alan Smith is copyrighted
 * 2) The picture is a lower resolution copy
 * 3) It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to use their rights commercially
 * 4) The picture is being used for informational purposes only
 * 5) The picture appears only in articles related to Alan Smith and Discworld

Rationale of fair use for Discworld

 * 1) No free alternative can exist because all artwork by Alan Smith is copyrighted
 * 2) The picture is a lower resolution copy
 * 3) It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to use their rights commercially
 * 4) The picture is being used for informational purposes only
 * 5) The picture appears only in articles related to Alan Smith and Discworld


text:
Talk:Melniboné

Untitled
Pretty sure Mr. Moorcock has gone on record as having based the Melnibonéans on cats, at least psychologically. Ways in which this show is that they're graceful, sleek but also play with their 'food', taking enjoyment from torture. I would welcome it if someone actually a source for this - I can only remember having read it over a decade ago, and can't remember where. sheridan 17:42, 2005 May 28 (UTC)Actually, Melnibonéan's are descendant from Dragons as detailed in the Michael Moorcock authorized story, "Heart of The Dragon by Nancy A. Collins." The Melnibonéan's per the story were created to serve a higher race of beings, the Eldren, who live in a lost valley far from the young kingdoms. For those who know The Eternal Champion of Michael Moorcock will be familiar with the Eldren from the tales of Erekose in the self titled book, the Eternal Champion with John Daker, AKA Erekose. Now, the author does not come out and specifically name Erekose and his stories, but the facts are facts.

(Dis)similarities to Atlantis
Whoever wrote Melniboné was “Atlantis-like” probably had a reason for that, but I, personally, can’t see that many similiarites:

Melniboné isn’t exactly what I would call a “sunken island”, and in Moorcock’s fictional world of the Young Kingdoms it also is far from mythical. As far as I know, it has never been home to any deity, either (Poseidon in the case of Atlantis, or probably Arioch in the case of Melniboné). The Melnibonéans once ruled over most of the known world (just like the Atlanteans), but their empire was not overthrone in a single war that destroyed their island, but apparently rather fell apart. (Centuries later, the island is conquered, but it persists until the end of the world.) — TowerDragon 23:30, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Melniboneans not human?
The article says "Its people, the Melnibonéans, are not human". More accurately they are semi-human, or not entirely human; sometimes they are described this way ("You, and your ancestors, were not true men at all" - Sepiriz to Elric, Stormbringer, page 59, Lancer edition), but sometimes as human. Also from Stormbringer, "Of mankind nothing was left, save for the three mounted on the dragons" [Elric, Moonglum, and Dyvim Slorm" (page 170, Lancer edition); Elric says " 'You look upon the last of mankind, my friends, save for ourselves'" (page 133, Lancer edition). Here the Melniboneans clearly belong to 'mankind'. Vultur (talk) 07:57, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

Use of British Isles
HighKing (talk) 12:44, 30 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Better late than never, I suppose. Still, the Taskforce ain't keen on letting editors know what they're up to. DuncanHill (talk) 12:48, 30 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Melniboné


text:
Denver Spurs

The Denver Spurs were a professional ice hockey team based in Denver. The Spurs began play in the Western Hockey League in 1968, and played at the Denver Coliseum. The Spurs became the first professional sports team in Colorado to win a championship in 1971–72. After the WHL folded in 1974, the team transferred to the Central Hockey League for the 1974–75 season.

Spurs in the WHA
In June, 1974, Ivan Mullenix, owner of the CHL Spurs, was awarded a "conditional" NHL franchise for the 1976-77 season. With the McNichols Sports Arena already complete by 1975, he looked to enter the NHL a year early, and the league attempted to broker an arrangement whereby Mullenix would acquire the California Golden Seals (then under league ownership) and move them to Denver in lieu of an expansion team. At the same time, the bankrupt Pittsburgh Penguins would be sold to a Seattle group who also held a conditional franchise, which would have been named the Seattle Totems.

The proposed arrangement fell through, and with the continuing franchise difficulties, the NHL called off the 1976-77 expansion. Mullenix accepted an offer from the WHA to join that league for the 1975-76 season. The Spurs were the second WHL refugee to join the WHA, following the Phoenix Roadrunners.

The WHA Spurs claimed most of the players in a dispersal draft from the Chicago Cougars, who had folded in 1975, and some players from the CHL Spurs were also retained.

A Sports Illustrated preview on the upcoming WHA season noted that it was stalwart Gordie Howe's 28th year in major league hockey, and the Spurs' first. The magazine picked the expansion team to finish last in the WHA's Western Division. It also said that unless the Spurs drew well immediately, "Denver's stay in big-league hockey could be exactly 27 years shorter than Gordie Howe's."

The Spurs' first exhibition game, against Howe's Houston Aeros, proved to be a microcosm of their brief stay in the WHA. No beer was available because Mullenix was unable to get a liquor license, there was no flag to face during the national anthem, and the scoreboards didn't work. Only 5,000 fans showed up. The situation didn't get much better during the regular season; they only averaged 3,000 fans in a 16,800-seat arena. The most widely cited reason for the poor attendance was hard feelings over being spurned by the NHL. Denver-area fans had been banking on an NHL team after three years of advertising and did not consider the WHA to be a major league.

The situation wasn't much better on the ice either. Veteran Ralph Backstrom was one of the Spurs' few experienced players, but at 38 his career was in decline. Still, he wound up leading the team with 50 points in 41 games. The rest of the roster was filled with cast-offs and career minor-leaguers, such as Don Borgeson, who had played for the WHL Spurs from 1971–73; he finished second to Backstrom in points scored with 41. They could never find an answer in goal; one of their goalies ran up a staggering 15.00 goals against average (GAA).

The Spurs played their first regular-season game at home against the Indianapolis Racers. Before only 5,000 fans, the Spurs scored the first goal, only to give up seven unanswered goals en route to a 7-1 loss. By December 30, they were in the Western Division cellar with a 13–20–1 mark, despite an overtime win over the Racers that night in Denver. It would turn out to be the last game the Spurs would play in Colorado.

Rumors had abounded even before the Spurs got on the ice that the NHL was planning to move either the Seals or the Kansas City Scouts to Denver. By late December, Mullenix got word that the Scouts were in very serious discussions about moving to Denver for the following season. Knowing he couldn't hope to compete with an NHL team, Mullenix began the process of selling the team to the "Founders Club," a group of businessmen based in Ottawa, on New Year's Eve. He had initially begun negotiations with the Founders Club a month into the season when the first rumors cropped up of a Scouts move to Denver. Soon after Mullenix reopened the Ottawa feelers, the Founders Club insisted that Mullenix move the team to Ottawa immediately.

In the middle of a road trip, Mullenix quietly moved the Spurs to Ottawa on January 2, 1976, where they were renamed the Ottawa Civics. The players had heard talk a move out of Denver was imminent, but only learned of move at their next road game that night in Cincinnati, when they took the ice in their Denver jerseys and saw the name "Civics" on the scoreboard.

Despite playing to sellout crowds at two home games in Ottawa, Mullenix and the Founders Club were unable to reach a deal. The Founders Club could not meet Mullenix' asking price, and Mullenix was not willing to operate the team in Ottawa. After the Founders Club offered $1 million for the franchise, short of Mullenix' demand of $1.5 million, negotiations for the sale were called off on January 15, and the team folded for good two days later. The Spurs/Civics' 41-game existence made them easily the shortest-lived franchise in WHA history, and one of the shortest-lived franchises in North American professional sports history.

The Spurs' abrupt departure turned out to be a prescient move, as the Scouts indeed moved to Denver for the following season, becoming the Colorado Rockies. The Rockies only lasted six seasons, though, before relocating again and becoming the New Jersey Devils. It would not be until the relocation of the Quebec Nordiques (ironically, a former WHA franchise) to Denver as the Colorado Avalanche in 1995 that Denver would enjoy lasting success in major league hockey.

The last active Spurs player in the NHL was Ron Delorme, who retired after the 1984-85 season and also played with the Colorado Rockies. As well, Spurs draft pick Mel Bridgman played in the NHL until 1989, but never played in the WHA. In 1992 Bridgman became the first general manager of the new Ottawa Senators NHL franchise, which would initially play its home games at the Civic Centre.

Season-by-season record

 * 1968–74 – Western Hockey League
 * 1974–75 – Central Hockey League
 * 1975–76 – World Hockey Association

Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

title: Denver Spurs


text:
Talk:Regional States of Ethiopia

I wonder if this should be merged with either Regions of Ethiopia or the individual Harari and Tigray articles? -- Gyrofrog (talk) 17:43, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Merged with Harari & Tigray, turned this article into a redirect. -- llywrch 19:12, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Regional States of Ethiopia


text:
Ottawa Civics

The Ottawa Civics were a professional ice hockey team based out of Ottawa that played in the World Hockey Association. The team, which hastily adopted its identity in midseason when the Denver Spurs announced plans to sell the team and relocate to Ottawa, existed for approximately two weeks, folding after only seven games.

Move to Ottawa
The Denver Spurs began play in the Western Hockey League in 1968, and had been modestly successful in the minors before moving to the WHA in 1975. However, fans in Denver had been expecting a National Hockey League team after Spurs owner Ivan Mullenix won a conditional NHL expansion franchise to begin play in 1976-77, only to see those plans fizzle out. The Spurs were plagued by financial difficulties and poor attendance (fewer than 3,000 per game), widely attributed to the Denver fanbase rejecting the WHA as a major league. However, they were also dogged by rumours that the NHL was planning to move either the Kansas City Scouts or the league-owned California Golden Seals to Denver; the Scouts would indeed eventually move to Denver as the Colorado Rockies in the 1976 offseason. Mullenix knew that he could not possibly compete with an NHL team. The team unofficially folded in December when Mullenix wanted out, and the league stepped in to broker a deal with an Ottawa group called the Founders Club. In an unusual move, the Founders Club insisted that Mullenix move the Spurs to Ottawa immediately as a condition of beginning negotiations.

While the Spurs were on a road trip in January 1976, the team was quietly moved to Ottawa without even a press release and renamed the Civics. The players had heard talk a move out of Denver was imminent, but only learned of move at their next road game that night in Cincinnati, when they took the ice in their Denver jerseys, saw the name "Civics" on the scoreboard at Riverfront Coliseum, and heard O Canada being played before a game they believed was still between two American teams. They lost that night and again the following night in Houston, then knocked off the Minnesota Fighting Saints (another squad headed for oblivion before the season was over) in Minnesota, 5-2, on January 4. It would be the only victory in the Civics' short life. With the move to Ottawa, the league moved the team from the Western Division to the Canadian Division.

The Civics played two home games at the Ottawa Civic Centre in front of sellout crowds–against the New England Whalers on January 7, and against Gordie Howe's Aeros on January 15. However, the Founders Club was not willing to meet Mullenix' asking price for the team, and Mullenix was not interested in operating a team in Ottawa. After the first home game, he gave the Founders Club an ultimatum–come up with $1.5 million within 10 days, or he would fold the team. When the Founders Club only offered $1 million, the Civics folded on January 17, 1976 after only playing 7 games as Ottawa.

Because of the rushed nature of the move, the Civics did not adopt a logo or colours, and continued to wear the Spurs' orange road uniforms for all 7 of their games including their two home games. However, the NHL's first foray in Colorado did not fare much better. An ownership group in Ottawa made a serious bid to move the Colorado Rockies to the Canadian capital, however the Rockies eventually moved to New Jersey and became the New Jersey Devils. Major league hockey would ultimately return to Ottawa when the reborn Senators joined the NHL as an expansion team in the 1992-93 season. The last active Spurs/Civics player in the NHL was Ron Delorme, who retired after the 1984-85 season.

The Civics' 7-game, two-week existence made them easily the shortest-lived team in the WHA's seven-year history, and one of the shortest-lived teams in North American major league history. Only the Tonawanda Kardex Lumbermen, who played only one week in the American Professional Football Association, forerunner of the National Football League, in 1921, are known to have a shorter existence. Combined with the 34 games played as the Spurs, the Spurs/Civics were also easily the shortest-lived franchise in WHA history.

Season-by-season record
This listing includes 34 games played as the Denver Spurs. Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

title: Ottawa Civics


text:
User:Dougmerritt

I contributed anonymously for a few years before creating this account.

Note: see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Formula Help:Formula

title: User:Dougmerritt


text:
File:Ultimate Hitchhikers Guide front.jpg

Summary
Scan of the front cover of The Ultimate Hitchhiker's Guide, a collection of all five novels in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series by Douglas Adams and the short story Young Zaphod Plays it Safe. Published in 1997 by Portland House, a division of Random House.

Fair use rationale for The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

 * 1) This image is only being used in a lead article about the different versions and history of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy for informational and educational purposes. Specifically it illustrates one of the various omnibus editions of the Hitchhiker's series of novels, as published in the United States.
 * 2) It is a low resolution image, in an inferior graphics format (JPEG).
 * 3) It is not believed that this image will interfere with the rights of Douglas Adams's estate, or his current publishers, in the sales of his books.
 * 4) It is also believed that the use of this image will not infringe upon the copyrights of Portland House, or Random House.


text:
File:TLF.cover.jpg

Summary
The Light Fantastic cover, from http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?43071

title: File:TLF.cover.jpg


text:
Talk:Flirty Fishing

Added
I have added some further information. --Details 17:45, May 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * The edits and additional information I inserted have been reverted, but there's no explanation why? --Details 18:09, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * This article does not actually explain what Flirty Fishing involved. Having read it I am still at a loss to understand it.
 * —gorgan_almighty 14:12, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Exactly. We can only assume it's Sex-With-Complementary-Pamphlet(-For-Heathens) - but cannot be quite sure, just reading this article. 128.195.186.45 09:27, 27 September 2007 (UTC)Adieu
 * Better now? Maikel (talk) 11:54, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

Details Needed

 * In the introduction there is no information where this is/was practiced. I guess it is in the US or some other western country. If you know please add that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Knight177 (talk • contribs) 12:43, 29 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually, it was mainly practiced in 3rd-world countries (see the references at the bottom of the article). It started in Tenerife and quickly spread all over the world (70+ countries, I believe). For the most part (again, according to the refs), it is no longer practiced anywhere in this group. --Thorwald (talk) 18:56, 29 November 2009 (UTC)
 * They practiced this in London, England.
 * I lived in the SAME BUILDING that their headquarters were located in, in Bromley, Kent, a suburb of London. Their benefactor was a wealthy businessman name Kenneth Frampton. Portwes (talk) 03:48, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

Purpose is elsewhere said to be prostletization
The purpose in the "Purpose" section contradicts the rest of the article, in which the purpose is said to be/have been evangelization. Allens (talk) 14:22, 31 October 2011 (UTC)
 * I have removed the entire "Purpose" section, as it was complete nonsense. --Thorwald (talk) 16:39, 31 October 2011 (UTC)

The Moonies?
Is this an official practice of the Unification Church? I was approached once. Davidlark (talk) 20:57, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

Pictures proposed
Their religious soft porn should be included, see http://www.xfamily.org/index.php/Flirty_Fishing

Zezen (talk) 12:58, 6 June 2017 (UTC)

 * That stuff is seriously f---ed up. They even use the "f" word in a comic strip for children. Horrible. 2.31.162.111 (talk) 20:21, 9 January 2022 (UTC)

Images from xfamily.org
I have no idea how anyone can possibly consider images of unverifiable provenance uploaded to the xfamily.org website to be even remotely WP:RS for anything. They clearly aren't, because (a) we have no way of knowing whether they have been tampered with, (b) they may have been uploaded in breach of copyright, and (c) even if they are genuine, and the website is hosting them legitimately, the use to which they are being put is WP:OR. Likewise, the Xfamily wiki isn't remotely acceptable as a source either. AndyTheGrump (talk) 00:38, 30 September 2021 (UTC)

 * When starting a discussion about a page elsewhere, it is good to leave a link on the talk page so others who may be interested in the page know of the discussion: Reliable sources/Noticeboard --John B123 (talk) 10:47, 30 September 2021 (UTC)

 * It is also advisable to actually engage in a discussion, after citing WP:BRD in an edit summary. Perhaps you could do so, by explaining your reasoning (either here or at WP:RSN) as to how the disputed citations can be justified under WP:RS. AndyTheGrump (talk) 10:57, 30 September 2021 (UTC)

Addition of 'Multiple Issues' template to this article.
I have added a 'Multiple Issues' template to this article, for the following reasons:

(1) The article currently cites articles on the xfamily.org wiki in several places. I see no reason whatsoever to see a minor self-published wiki as in any shape or form a reliable source for anything. I can think of no examples of such wikis being cited as sources in articles elsewhere. If there is a reason why xfamily.org should be an exception to established practice, I'd like to hear it. And to see verifiable evidence for how xfamily org meets WP:RS criteria: "reliable, independent, published sources with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy".

(2) The article directly cites what is purported to be Children of God material, again sourced to the xfamily.org website, in two places, and appears to be using such material, as shown on xfamily.org pages, as support for further statements unverified by any other source. Ignoring possible copyright issues (I very much doubt that xfamily.org owns the copyrights), and the question of whether the material can actually be verified as genuine, the use of primary sources in such a manner appears to constitute original research.

(3) The article cites passages from the Bible in two places, as support for assertions about doctrine of the Children of God, while likewise providing any other source making such connection. This again is original research.

The activities of the Children of God/Family International are of course a serious topic, worthy of encyclopaedic coverage. Whether 'flirty fishing' itself merits a separate article is probably open to question, but either way, if it is to be discussed on Wikipedia, it needs to be done according to best practice, and not in such a questionable manner. Readers have every right to expect Wikipedia to follow its own well-established norms in articles on sensitive topics, rather than (as appears to be the case here) to resort to poor practice in order to bolster the few proper sources that have been found. If such sources cannot be found, and used to replace citations to the xfamily.org wiki along with unsupported original research, the article will probably have to be deleted, per normal requirements that topics be based on significant coverage in WP:RS. AndyTheGrump (talk) 11:33, 1 October 2021 (UTC)

 * I have no issue with you tagging the article as it is, quite frankly, a mess. However as there is already a discussion about xfamily.org at Reliable sources/Noticeboard, inviting further discussion here comes across as WP:FORUMSHOPPING. I would suggest the discussion at WP:RSN is allowed to run its course. --John B123 (talk) 12:12, 1 October 2021 (UTC)

 * You are seriously suggesting that discussing serious issues with an article on its own talk page is forum shopping? That is just plain ridiculous. And it would be entirely improper to place 'multiple issues' tags on the article without explaining why. As for the discussion at WP:RSN, of course any input there would be welcome, though as of yet there seems to be little substantive comment on the fundamental problem here, and no explanation whatsoever given as to how xfamily,com can justifiably be used as a source, in a manner that appears to be directly contradictory to well-established Wikipedia policies. This needs to be resolved, and it won't be until people actually offer an explanation for why the article is in the shape it is. AndyTheGrump (talk) 13:20, 1 October 2021 (UTC)
 * What else you would call starting a second discussion at a separate location when there is one already in progress? --John B123 (talk) 16:02, 1 October 2021 (UTC)
 * I would call it following the instructions on the template: "This article has multiple issues. Please help to improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page." AndyTheGrump (talk) 16:31, 1 October 2021 (UTC)

"The" AIDS?
"because of the spread of the AIDS" - isn't it just called AIDS? No need for the definite article. It sounds as bad a usage of language as "The gays". 2.31.162.111 (talk) 20:04, 9 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Yes, sloppy writing. I've corrected it. Thanks. AndyTheGrump (talk) 20:08, 9 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Flirty Fishing