text:
Ruth Williams

Ruth Williams [Heverly] (February 12, 1926 – February 10, 2005) was an American pitcher who played from 1946 through 1953 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5ft 4in, 139 lb., she batted and threw right-handed.

Ruth Williams debuted in the AAGPBL as a 20-year rookie and had a solid if unspectacular career that spanned eight seasons. Used as a spot starter and reliever, Williams collected at least ten wins in five of those seasons, while her 2.19 career earned run average ranks her twelfth in the all-time list of AAGPBL pitchers with at least 1,000 innings of work. During her career she hurled eight two-hitters, one of them a no-hitter going into the ninth inning of a contest.

Born in Nescopeck, Pennsylvania, Williams began playing softball at age 12 in a church league. When she was a sophomore at East Stroudsburg University, Williams played for the New York Traders, a fastpitch softball team that paid her travel and food expenses for her to play during the weekends. After her father read about the AAGPBL in a Philadelphia Inquirer advertisement, he motivated his daughter to attend a tryout in Allentown. About 400 girls attended, and three days later she received an offer to join the league.

Williams opened 1946 with the Racine Belles, but ten days later was transferred to the Fort Wayne Daisies. She was relegated to a bench role for most of the year, pitching in just one game while striking out a batter in one inning. She was traded to the South Bend Blue Sox a year later. Meanwhile, she finished her Physical Education and General Science degrees from ESU and began teaching at Wissahickon High School in Ambler, Pennsylvania.

In 1947, Blue Sox manager Chet Grant gave Williams a chance to join the pitching rotation, which included the experimented Jean Faut, Phyllis Koehn and Ruby Stephens. Williams responded with a 12–8 record and 1.70 ERA in 25 games, striking out 48 in 180 innings. Her performance slacked to a 10–10 mark and a 2.25 ERA in 1948, but she still managed to strike out 55 and collect 160 innings in 23 games.

Her most productive season in 1949, when she posted a 10–6 record with a career-high 1.64 ERA, which ranked her as the ninth best in ERA and winning percentage (.625), helping her team tie for first place with the Rockford Peaches. Since she was still teaching in Pennsylvania, the Blue Sox flew Williams in for the Memorial Day weekend in order to pitch. She then won two games and returned to school to finish out the school year.

Williams started 1950 with South Bend, but was traded to the Peoria Redwings during the midseason and ended the year with the Kalamazoo Lassies. She combined for a 5–10 record with a 3.47 ERA in just 19 games. She did not have much run support from the Lassies and recorded losing records for the remaining three years of career by going 10–11, 10–12 and 8–12. Nevertheless, she posted low earned runs averages of 1.96, 2.48 and 2.12, pitched a career-high 174 innings in 1952, and finished ninth in ERA in 1951.

Following her baseball career, Williams married Leonard Heverly and continued her work in Ambler. The couple adopted two sons, Richard and Mike, but tragedy struck in 1980 when her husband died in an unfortunate traffic collision caused by a drunk driver. She retired after the accident.

Williams later attended the AAGPBL Players Association reunions. The association was largely responsible for the opening of Women in Baseball, a permanent display based at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York, which was unveiled in 1988 to honor the entire All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.

In 1995 Ruth Williams Heverly suffered a heart attack, which slowed her life down considerably for the next ten years. She died at her home in Ambler, Pennsylvania, just two days short of her 79th birthday.

Pitching statistics
Regular season Postseason

title: Ruth Williams


text:
Friedrich Merz

Joachim-Friedrich Martin Josef Merz (born 11 November 1955) is a German politician serving as Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since 31 January 2022 and as leader of the Union parliamentary group as well as the Leader of the Opposition in the Bundestag since 15 February 2022.

Merz joined the Young Union in 1972 and is reputed to be a member of the Andean Pact, a powerful network formed by politically ambitious members of the Young Union in 1979 during a trip to the Andes. After finishing law school in 1985, he worked as a judge and corporate lawyer before entering full-time politics in 1989 when he was elected to the European Parliament. After serving one term he was elected to the Bundestag, where he established himself as the leading financial policy expert in the CDU. He was elected chairman of the CDU/CSU group in the same year as Angela Merkel was elected chairwoman of the CDU, and at the time they were chief rivals for the leadership of the party.

In 2002, he stepped down as leader of the opposition in favour of Merkel and gradually withdrew from politics, focusing on his legal career and leaving parliament entirely in 2009, until his return to parliament in 2021. In 2004 he became a senior counsel with Mayer Brown, where he has focused on mergers and acquisitions, banking and finance, and compliance. He has served on the boards of numerous companies, including BlackRock Germany. In 2018, he announced his return to politics. He was elected CDU leader in 2022, having failed to win the position in two previous leadership elections in 2018, and then 2021.

As a young politician in the 1970s and 1980s, he was a staunch supporter of anti-communism, the dominant state doctrine of West Germany and a core tenet of the CDU. Merz has described himself as socially conservative and economically liberal, and is seen as a representative of the traditional establishment conservative and pro-business wings of the CDU. His book Mehr Kapitalismus wagen (Venturing More Capitalism) advocates economic liberalism. He has been chairman of the Atlantik-Brücke association which promotes German-American understanding and Atlanticism, and is a staunch supporter of the European Union and NATO, having described himself as "a truly convinced European, a convinced transatlanticist". Merz advocates a closer union and "an army for Europe".

Merz is Catholic and of French Huguenot descent on his mother's side. His wife, Charlotte Merz, is a judge; they have three children. A corporate lawyer and reputed multimillionaire, he is also a licensed private pilot and owns two airplanes.

Background and early life

Joachim-Friedrich Martin Josef Merz was born on 11 November 1955 to Joachim Merz (born 1924) and Paula Sauvigny (born 1928) in Brilon in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in then-West Germany. His father was a judge and a member of the CDU. The Sauvigny family was a locally prominent patrician family in Brilon, of French Huguenot ancestry, and his maternal grandfather was mayor of Brilon. Friedrich Merz is Roman Catholic. Merz was raised in his mother's family home Sauvigny House in Brilon. The house was announced for sale for 2 million euros in 2021.

After finishing his Abitur exam in 1975 Merz served his military service as a soldier with a self-propelled artillery unit of the German Army. From 1976 he studied law with a scholarship from the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, first at the University of Bonn, later at the University of Marburg. At Bonn he was a member of, a Roman Catholic student fraternity founded in 1844 that is part of the Cartellverband. After finishing law school in 1985, he became a judge in Saarbrücken. In 1986 he left his position as a judge in order to work as an in-house attorney-at-law at the German Chemical Industry Association in Bonn and Frankfurt from 1986 to 1989.

Merz speaks German, French and English.

Political career prior to 2009
In 1972, at the age of seventeen, he became a member of the CDU's youth wing, the Young Union, and he has been described by German media as a member of the "Andean Pact", a supposed network of influential CDU members formed by members of the Young Union during a trip to the South American Andes region in 1979. He became President of the Brilon branch of the Young Union in 1980.

Member of the European Parliament, 1989–1994
Merz successfully ran as a candidate in the 1989 European Parliament election and served one term as a Member of the European Parliament until 1994. He was a member of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and of the parliament's delegation for relations with Malta.

Member of the German Bundestag, 1994–2009
From the 1994 German elections, he served as member of the Bundestag for his constituency, the Hochsauerland. In his first term, he was a member of the Finance Committee.

In October 1998 Merz became vice-chairman and in February 2000 Chairman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group (alongside Michael Glos), succeeding Wolfgang Schäuble. In this capacity, he was the opposition leader in the Bundestag during Chancellor Gerhard Schröder's first term.

Ahead of the 2002 elections, Edmund Stoiber included Merz in his shadow cabinet for the Christian Democrats' campaign to unseat incumbent Schröder as chancellor. During the campaign, Merz served as Stoiber's expert for financial markets and the national budget. After Stoiber's electoral defeat, Angela Merkel assumed the leadership of the parliamentary group; Merz again served as vice-chairman until 2004. From 2002 to 2004, he was also a member of the executive board of the CDU, again under the leadership of Merkel.

Between 2005 and 2009, Merz was a member of the Committee on Legal Affairs. In 2006, he was one of nine parliamentarians who filed a complaint at the Federal Constitutional Court against the disclosure of additional sources of income; the complaint was ultimately unsuccessful. By 2007, he announced he would not be running for political office in the 2009 elections.

Career in the private sector
Upon leaving politics, Merz worked as a corporate lawyer. Since 2004 he has been a Senior Counsel at Mayer Brown's Düsseldorf office, where he works on the corporate finance team; before 2004 he was a senior counsel with Cornelius Bartenbach Haesemann. His work as a lawyer and board member has made him a multimillionaire. He has also taken on numerous positions on corporate boards, including the following:

 * Robert Bosch GmbH, Member of International Advisory Committee (since 2011)
 * WEPA Hygieneprodukte GmbH, Chairman of the supervisory board (since 2009)
 * Deutsche Rockwool, Member of the Supervisory Board
 * Ernst & Young Germany, Member of the Advisory Board
 * Odewald & Compagnie, Member of the Advisory Board
 * DBV-Winterthur Holding, Member of the Supervisory Board
 * Cologne Bonn Airport, Chairman of the supervisory board (2017–2020)
 * BlackRock Germany, Chairman of the supervisory board (2016–2020)
 * Stadler Rail, Member of the Board of Directors (2006–2020)
 * HSBC Trinkaus, chairman of the advisory board (2010–2019)
 * 2017-02-01 Friedrich Merz-7692.JPGsia Dortmund, Member of the supervisory board (2010–2014)
 * Axa Konzern AG, Member of the supervisory board (2007–2014)
 * IVG Immobilien, Member of the supervisory board (2006–2010)
 * Deutsche Börse, Member of the supervisory board (2005–2015)
 * Interseroh, Member of the supervisory board (2005–2009)

Between 2010 and 2011, Merz represented the shareholders of WestLB, a publicly owned institution that had previously been Germany's third-largest lender, in talks with bidders. In 2012, he joined Norbert Röttgen's campaign team for the North Rhine-Westphalia state election as advisor on economic policy. He served as a CDU delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2012 and in 2017.

In November 2017, Merz was appointed by Minister-President Armin Laschet of North Rhine-Westphalia as his Commissioner for Brexit and Transatlantic Relations, an unpaid advisory position.

Return to politics
After Angela Merkel announced her intention to step down as Leader of the CDU party, Merz announced he would run in the subsequent 2018 party leadership election. His candidacy was promoted by the former CDU chairman and "crown prince" of the Kohl era, Wolfgang Schäuble (former President of the Bundestag, ranked second in federal precedence). On 7 December 2018, in the second round of the leadership election, Merz was defeated by Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer.

On 25 February 2020, he announced his candidacy in the first 2021 CDU leadership election. His closest competitors were Armin Laschet and Norbert Röttgen. After several postponements, the election of the new CDU party president took place at the party congress on 15–16 January 2021, which was the first time in the party's history that it was held fully online. In the first round, Merz received 385 votes, 5 more than Laschet. In the second round, Merz received 466 votes out of 1001 delegates, while Laschet received 521 votes, thus failing to win the party president's post for the second time.

The same day, after losing the leadership election, Merz proposed to "join the current government and take over the Ministry for Economy". The ministry was already headed by his party colleague Peter Altmaier at the time and the proposal was rebuffed. Laschet was quick to placate Merz by recruiting him to his campaign team. Laschet justified this by saying that Merz was "without doubt a team player" and that his economic and financial expertise could provide crucial help in overcoming the huge challenge of the pandemic in a sustainable way.

Ahead of the 2021 German federal election, Patrick Sensburg, Merz's successor in his seat in the Bundestag, failed to secure his party's support for a new candidacy. Merz instead replaced him, returning to the Bundestag after a 12-year absence.

CDU chairman
On 15 November 2021, Merz announced his candidacy in the second 2021 CDU leadership election. His opponents were Norbert Röttgen and Helge Braun.

During their short campaign, Merz's rivals positioned themselves as Merkel's heirs. Against them, Merz promised a decisive break with the centrist line Merkel had followed for 16 years.

In total, some 400 000 CDU members were able to vote online or by letter. By 17 December 2021, Merz had already won an absolute majority of 62.1 percent of the membership in the first round of voting, so a second round of voting was not necessary. This meant that at his third attempt, he managed to win the party presidency. Asked for his reaction to the results of the vote, Merz said: "Quietly I just said to myself, 'WOW'; but only quietly, the winning marching songs are far from me."

Merz was formally elected Chairman of the CDU by its 1001 congress delegates at the virtual federal party congress on 22 January 2022. In the end, 915 out of 983 delegates voted for him, winning 94.6% of the valid votes to become the leader of the largest opposition party in the Bundestag. The vote was formally a so-called "digital pre-vote", the result of which has been confirmed in writing by the delegates.

After Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer and Armin Laschet, Merz became the third leader of the Christian Democratic Union within three years. He officially took office as party president on 31 January 2022.

Political positions
Merz has focused on economic, foreign, security, and family policies. He has described himself as socially conservative and economically liberal, and is seen as a representative of the traditional establishment conservative and pro-business wings of the CDU.

As a young politician in the 1970s and 1980s, he was a staunch supporter of anti-communism, the dominant state doctrine of West Germany and a core tenet of the CDU. His book Mehr Kapitalismus wagen advocates economic liberalism.

Human rights
In November 2018, Merz said that the introduction of same-sex marriage in Germany is correct. Also in 2018, Merz rejected the Ludwig Erhard Prize, citing objections to publications by the chairman of the Ludwig Erhard Foundation, Roland Tichy, considered by some to be on the extreme right.

Foreign policy
Merz has been chairman of the Atlantik-Brücke association which promotes German-American understanding and Atlanticism, and is a staunch supporter of the European Union and NATO. In 2018, he described himself as "a truly convinced European, a convinced transatlanticist" and said that "I stand for a cosmopolitan Germany whose roots lie in Christian ethics and the European Enlightenment and whose most important political allies are the democracies of the West. I gladly use this expression again: The democracies of the West." He advocates a closer union and especially closer relations between Germany and France. In 2018, he co-authored an article in defence of the European project, which among other things called for "an army for Europe."

In 2023, Merz called for Germany to involve key allies, especially France, in negotiations with China as part of a rethink of ties with the country that reflected a global "paradigm shift" in security and foreign policy.

Merz has criticized Donald Trump more harshly than Angela Merkel did and has especially criticized Trump's trade war against Europe.

In January 2022, Merz said that sanctioning Russia from SWIFT over Donbas would be a mistake. Following the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Merz adopted strong pro-Ukrainian and anti-Russian positions, urging Chancellor Olaf Scholz to supply Ukraine with weapons and personally travelling to Kyiv in May to meet Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

Environmental policy
In 2023, Merz opposed the proposed European Union ban on internal combustion and hybrid vehicles by 2035, stating that the fight for carbon neutrality must be achieved with technology and open mindness, not bans.

Possible co-operation with the AfD
In July 2023, shortly after the 2023 Spanish general election where the main conservative party had started cooperation with the far-right party, Merz had shown willingness to work with the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party at the local level, which was interpreted as the erosion of the 'firewall' separating conservatives from the far-right, sparking intense controversy within his own party, notably Kai Wegner, the current Governing Mayor of Berlin, who argued on Twitter that "the CDU cannot, doesn't want to, and will not cooperate with a party whose business model is hate, division and exclusion."

Other activities (selection)

 * Deutsche Nationalstiftung, Member of the Senate
 * Peace of Westphalia Prize, Member of the Jury
 * Bayer Foundation for German and International Labor and Business Law, Member of the Board of Trustees (1998–2002)
 * KfW, Member of the supervisory board (2003–2004)
 * Ludwig Erhard Foundation, Member (1998–2005)

Personal life
Friedrich Merz is married to the judge Charlotte Merz. He has three children and resides in Arnsberg in the Sauerland region. In 2005, the couple established the Friedrich und Charlotte Merz Stiftung, a foundation supporting projects in the education sector. He is a Roman Catholic.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Friedrich Merz


text:
Llewellyn Bebb

Llewellyn John Montfort (or Montford) Bebb (16 February 1862 – 22 November 1915) was a British academic.

Life
Bebb was born in Cape Town, Cape Colony, the son of a clergyman, Revd. William Bebb, and educated at Winchester College.

in 1885 he gained his BA from New College, Oxford, taking a double first. He was ordained deacon in 1886 and priest in 1887. He become a fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford on graduation, a position he maintained until 1898. Whilst at Brasenose, Bebb was successively tutor (1889–98), and librarian (1892–98). In 1892, he became Vice-Principal of Brasenose, until 1898, when he was appointed principal of St David's College, Lampeter. He held this final position until his death in 1915. He was known as an able administrator, a conscientious teacher and a keen sportsman. At Lampeter, he worked hard to raise funds for the college He was a member of Cardiganshire County Council, a founder member of the Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society and a canon of St David's Cathedral. Academically, his most valuable publications were articles in Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible.

He was examining chaplain to the Bishop of Salisbury from 1893 to 1898, and to the Bishop of St Asaph from 1898 to 1902, and was also curator of the botanical garden, Oxford, between 1896 and 1898. He married Louisa Marion Traer, daughter of the surgeon James Reeves Traer, in 1886; they had four sons and three daughters including Gwyneth Bebb who campaigned to be a lawyer.

title: Llewellyn Bebb


text:
Hung-Chang Lin

Hung Chang Lin (Jimmy Lin) (August 8, 1919 – March 5, 2009) was a Chinese-American inventor and a professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Maryland.

Early life and education
Lin was born in Shanghai, China. He attended Shanghai Jiaotong University, China on a tennis scholarship. Lin graduated with B.S. in electrical engineering in 1941. In 1948 he received the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Michigan. In 1956 he received the Doctor of Electrical Engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.

Career
After graduating from Shanghai Jiaotong University, Lin worked for the Central Radio Works and Central Broadcasting Administration as an engineer. He left China in 1947 to begin his graduate work.

After he earned his master's and doctorate degrees, Lin was worked at RCA Laboratories and was one of the first scientists to work on transistor circuit development. Lin was the first inventor to incorporate p-n-p or complementary integrated circuits. He later worked for CBS and Westinghouse Electric Corporation, researching and developing electrical engineering practices.

In 1969, Lin began teaching at the University of Maryland. He worked at the university until his retirement in 1990. While a professor, Lin supervised and mentored 26 PhD students. He also worked part-time as an adjunct and visiting professor at the University of Pittsburgh and University of California, Berkeley, respectively.

Hung C. Lin held more than 60 U.S. patents. Among his inventions is the quasi-complementary (transistor) amplifier circuit, which has been used in many commercial audio amplifiers. Another of his inventions is the lateral transistor which is used in linear integrated circuits and T2L digital integrated circuits. He also invented the wireless microphone.

He has published more than 170 professional papers mostly on transistors and integrated circuits.

In 1978 he was presented with the J J Ebers Award from the IEEE. In 1990, Lin was inducted into the A. James Clark School of Engineering Innovation Hall of Fame at the University of Maryland. In 2000 he was elected to be academician of Academia Sinica.

Death and legacy
Lin died in Silver Spring, Maryland of lung cancer at the age of 89. He is interred at Columbia Gardens Cemetery.

In 2011, his wife Anchen Lin donated to the University of Maryland School of Engineering to fund the Jimmy Lin Endowment for Entrepreneurship. The goal of the endowment was "to provide annual awards to students, staff, and faculty who transform their ideas into innovations through invention and technology commercialization."

title: Hung-Chang Lin


text:
Talk:Tea classics

Comments
Perhaps someone could add a blurb at the top, before the table of contents, explaining exactly what "Tea Classics" is? Is it a document? --Patik 14:23, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, can someone with relevant knowledge please clean this article up. It's a pity so much info is lost in such a messy article. --Plastictv 19:40, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Tea's origins
This is obviously going to be somewhat controversial. However, it is a reasonably well-established fact that tea's origins are unknown. It is considered most likely the case that tea was used by aboriginal cultures but the fact remains that origins which exceed the written record are speculative at best.

It is authoratatively not true that Shen Nong (or Shen Nung) introduced tea to China mainly because there was no historical person named Shen Nong. As a legend, Shen Nong also supposedly "invented" the plow and animal husbandry as well as compiling a medical dictionary and later becoming the first emporor of China. These are myths and foundational legends. S.N. Hillbrand 02:01, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

This article is about historical treatises on tea. The orginal of tea should be discussed in a separate topic， perhas in tea. Gisling 02:43, 15 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I don‘t think it is a good idea to drag the orgin of tea into Tea Classic. It is out of topic.

 * You are absolutely right. The topic is best discussed over at History of tea in China.  I've changed the intro.  S.N. Hillbrand 22:26, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tea classics


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gareth brown

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 04:24, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Gareth brown
vanity/promo. Nateji77 14:25, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Will be happy with whatever Wikipedia moderators decide I have just taken a more detailed look at your deletion policy and have read what you mean by 'Not yet/non notable' and fully admit that it would be rather pointless for me to even attempt to disagree with it being notable or not. I understand given the nature of the article and it's subject [I] that it's hardly of the utmost important it be kept up, so I will be fine with whatever you decide to do with it given the article's admittable obscurity. Apologies. ---Gareth Brown 18:00 June 6th 2005
 * Indifferent, but wouldn't mind it staying Hello, I thought I'd better do the right thing by signing up so I could explain. This wasn't actually written by me, but by a rather zealous friend of mine, who's got a bit ahead of himself writing about a website that isn't even open yet. I quite like it, the website will be up soon and more people will find and view it but surely that will give this article more reason to stick around. It is quite genuine, however I didn't write it but accept responsibility for it if I must and would have no problem if Wikipedia sees it necessary that it comes down. ---Gareth Brown 08:26, June 6 2005
 * Keep I feel it should be kept. Where's the harm in letting everyone know who the guy is? With all due respect I feel the word 'Vanity' is unfairly placed since no-one knows whether it was Mr Brown himself who actually wrote the article and not a friend/colleague/etc. Please give this some consideration. --James O'Connell. Bristol, England - 02:00 GMT, 6th June 2005
 * Delete ditto--Sophitus 15:24, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity, and that is one silly email address. --Etacar11 23:10, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 09:45, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable, and thanks for registering and explaining Gareth. – Quoth 07:33, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not yet notable, follows Geogre's law, as well. RickK 07:44, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 17:15, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Ansha

Ansha may refer to:

Chinese towns

 * Ansha, Yong'an (安砂镇), a town of Yong'an city in Fujian province
 * Ansha, Changsha (安沙镇), a town of Changsha County in Hunan province

Other uses

 * Ansha (footballer), Indian footballer

title: Ansha


text:
1924–25 in Swedish football

The 1924–25 season in Swedish football, starting August 1924 and ending July 1925:

Division 2 Uppsvenska Serien 1924–25

Uppsvenska

Mellansvenska

Östsvenska

Västsvenska

Sydsvenska

Svenska Mästerskapet 1924

 * Final

Norrländska Mästerskapet 1925

 * Final

Kamratmästerskapen 1924

 * False final

 * Final

National team results
🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Axel Alfredsson, Arvid Persson - Erik Johansson, Gunnar Holmberg, Erik Andersson - Rune Wenzel, Gunnar Rydberg, Otto Malm, Bror Carlsson, Thorsten Svensson.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Robert Zander - Douglas Krook, Fritjof Hillén - Henning Helgesson, Sven Friberg, Ivar Klingström - Evert Lundqvist, Sven Rydell, Per Kaufeldt, Tore Keller, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Axel Alfredsson, Douglas Krook - Ernst Hansson, Sven Friberg, Harry Sundberg - Evert Lundqvist, Gunnar Paulsson, Otto Malm, Bror Carlsson, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Axel Alfredsson, Douglas Krook - Ernst Hansson, Sven Friberg, Harry Sundberg - Evert Lundqvist, Gunnar Paulsson, Otto Malm ( Martin Persson), Per Kaufeldt, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Robert Zander - Herbert Lundgren, Douglas Krook - Åke Hansson, Gunnar Holmberg, Ivar Klingström - Rune Wenzel, Gunnar Paulsson, Otto Malm, Filip Johansson, Evert Lundqvist.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Herbert Lundgren, Fritjof Hillén - Åke Hansson, Sven Friberg, Ivar Klingström - Rune Wenzel, Sven Rydell, Albert Olsson, Filip Johansson, Evert Lundqvist.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Axel Alfredsson, Douglas Krook - Åke Hansson, Nils Rosén, Verner Andersson - Rune Wenzel, Filip Johansson, Otto Malm, Tore Keller, Evert Lundqvist.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Herbert Lundgren, Douglas Krook - Henning Helgesson, Sven Friberg, Ivar Klingström - Rune Wenzel, Sven Rydell, Per Kaufeldt, Tore Keller, Rudolf Kock.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Sigfrid Lindberg - Axel Alfredsson, Douglas Krook - Henning Helgesson, Sven Friberg, Ivar Klingström - Rune Wenzel, Sven Rydell, Per Kaufeldt, Filip Johansson, Rudolf Kock.

title: 1924–25 in Swedish football


text: File:Pushing The Senses.jpg

title: File:Pushing The Senses.jpg


text:
Talk:Nosferatu

Contemporary Criticism
This section needs to be completely rewritten. Although one can understand the gist of it, it comes across as either a badly translated article or as the attempts of a non-native speaker of the English language. Perhaps it can be edited directly or suggested revisions could be entered here for approval. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.28.175.29 (talk) 00:45, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, you're right. It was probably a machine translation (such as Google Translate).  If someone wants to rewrite that section, they're welcome to do so.  You don't need permission. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 18:36, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

I would just delete the section. It's practically unreadable and would take forever to make any sense out of it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.16.93.132 (talk) 12:15, 14 January 2014 (UTC)

I agree, I deleted the section because it is totally incomprehensible as is. If anyone wants to restore this section (rewritten entirely), I say go for it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.246.69.242 (talk) 15:21, 2 August 2014 (UTC)

Oldest film on RT with fresh rating
What about 'the birth of a nation' rated 100% fresh made in 1915, Nosferatu was 1922. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.106.16.101 (talk) 20:51, 10 October 2009 (UTC)

Reference in Fire Emblem
In the game "Fire Emblem" for the Game Boy Advanced, a druid character learns a spell called "Nosferatu". This spell has the character suck the life from an enemy and restore some of that life to himself as health. Is that a reference to the vampires in this film? Just thought that was interesting. ~VXLBeast —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.214.51.61 (talk) 21:01, 7 February 2010 (UTC)

Grievous based upon Nosferatu?
As the one who organized the Nosferatu homages into a proper section in the first place, I really don't think the General Greivous reference belongs. All of th'other references are actual depictions of Count Orlock and/or use th'actual name or some variant. I've seen Clone Wars and Revenge of the Sith and never thought of Nosferatu while looking at Greivous. He's much more metallic grey than white, as a cyborg he is by neccessity bald, and the "bat-like" ears and claws just add sharp angles, which any cartoonist can tell you just makes something look more evil. Finally, the IMDB trivia page for Revenge of the Sith says his design was based on a spray-nozzle. Perhaps Gnrlotto should add the reference to that wikipedia article and leave the Nosferatu reference section alone.--Signor Giuseppe 14:34, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It says so in the May 2005 issue of Entertainment weekly (page 27) subsection 03, "General Grievous is Darth Vader's Daddy."

 * http://www.vfxworld.com/?sa=adv&code=319b255d&atype=articles&id=2510

 * He was based upon "Nosferatu" whether Signor Giuseppe would like that or not.

 * As an homage, the logical and even-minded person would see just how far reaching the original Albin Grau design is, instead of simply dismissing it based on false notions.

 * Reverted.

 * Gnrlotto 22:10, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey, no need to start name-calling, though, to be fair, my own comment was a little snooty. People do try to add Star Wars t'everything, and I was well justified in being wary. Gnrlotto's link is certainly all the proof anyone needs. If it is true that Grievous's design was based on a spray nozzle, perhaps that note should say that he is derived from both Nosferatu and such-and-such a cleaning supply. Still, maybe the IMDb is wrong; it's happened before.--Signor Giuseppe 06:35, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Who called names? I certainly did not. Just answered a snippy post, snippily.
 * Gnrlotto 8 July 2005 08:24 (UTC)

 * Word--Signor Giuseppe 8 July 2005 15:06 (UTC)

Homages order
Why are the homages listed in reverse chronological order? It seems to me that they should either be by notability or by normal chronological order (which is typically closer to notability anyway). DreamGuy 11:09, August 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * That's th'order things tend to be done on th'internet, newest to oldest. It happens with company newsletters, with online journals, even with the "history" function here on Wikipedia. Order of notability would be preferable, but also inescapably subjective. I'm pretty sure none of these homages is extremely notable, mostly just tips-of-the-hat or other subtle references. I think it is helpful to th'article, tho, because it shows how almost a century after this movie came out, it is still exerting its influence on the popular consciousness.--Signor Giuseppe 19:44, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That's just the way it's done on "th'internet" is not really an answer, and it isn't correct anyway. That's not how most other articles here do it, and it's counterintuitive. I'm going to switch it to chronological order instead of reverse. DreamGuy 02:42, August 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well I sure as shootin' ain't gonna switch 'er back, 'cuz I like to think I'm not just contrary about those things, but traditionally on the 'pediä, we wait for a response before acting, especially when we know someöne objects, especially when that someöne more-or-less creäted the sexion in question. I know we're supposed to be bold and all that, but I think this is a case when Dream Guy mighta held his horses a bit.
 * Reverse order has precedent in other places on the web, as I pointed out, and is the standard for any frequently updated mediüm. As in the first discussion on this page, one can see I have my umcomfort with a Star Wars reference beïng not only the first and the longest, as it is a rather subtle homage compared to some of th'others. Still, it happens to be the most recent and thus belongs at the top.--Signor Giuseppe 14:30, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Please stop talking like a drunken cowboy, it's distracting. But, at any rate, yes, we are supposed to be bold, and yes, we are supposed to fix things that are wrong, and, yes, chronological order is preferred in articles. So sorry you are upset. You might try looking around the encyclopedia to see how things are done here.... pahdner. DreamGuy 14:42, August 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Really, it's all okay because DreamGuy didn't say "So sorry your upset." And, while "sure as shootin'" definitely qualifies as "drunken cowboy," "hold your horses" is an accepted figure of speech. This is one of those cases where it's obviöus that one party cares more'n th'other, and I respectfully bow out.--Signor Giuseppe 15:28, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Please keep to chronological order, oldest to youngest. It's easier both to read and add to that way, and makes more logical sense- it shows how things develop and evolve from their anticents. CFLeon 23:49, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

nosferatu etymology
The derivation of "nosferatu" from *νοσοφορος is highly speculative. The earliest known instance of the word is from the 19th century English author Emily Gerard (Bram Stoker's source), who clearly indicates that it's Romanian (a Romance language), not Greek. The fact that it sort of sounds like *νοσοφορος, which is completely unattested in Greek as far as I can tell, isn't really enough to conclude that this one is right and all the others are wrong. At the very least, a source should be cited for this since there are numerous alternative etymologies that have been proposed.

Ben B.

Public Domain?
If Nosferatu is public domain, can we have a short clip of the film on the article? Borisblue 19:54, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

 * No. Film clips are not put into Wikipedia articles by policy. DreamGuy 20:15, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

 * What policy? Film clips are prefectly fine to upload on Wikipedia. I don't see any reason why the whole dang film shouldn't be hosted. --SeizureDog 22:51, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I know this is old, but anyone who sees this now and is confused into thinking SeizureDog is right should dee WP:NOT. We don't host films here. DreamGuy (talk) 15:58, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

This movie was released prior to 1923, meaning that in the US it IS in the public domain. However, there are numerous scores that accompany the movie which may be copyright protected. So, if you do upload it, be careful regarding the music. Yet, in the US it is public domain. I know this is US-centric, but hey, tough. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.149.203.252 (talk) 06:00, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

 * According to the Murnau-foundation the movie is in "real" public domain in 2019, when Henrik Galeen is dead 70 years. Since it is a German work, 70pma applies normally. So while you can use it in US because of that PD-1923-rule you should be very carefully if you want to use it anywhere outside US, especially since there was a lot of legal quarrel with this movie already. -- Cecil (talk) 15:35, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

Page content out of scope
The Nosferatu (World of Darkness) should be on the dablink too, and three of them are really too much. I propose to rename this page in something like "Nosferatu (1922 film)" and make "Nosferatu" page a disambiguation one. Elenthel 22:48, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, I've received no objections. However, moving the page would require a great deal of effort due to the predictably huge number of links-to pages. Therefore I created Nosferatu (word) and Nosferatu (disambiguation) pages to help this situation. The 'origins' section was largely moved to the former. Elenthel 23:45, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

I TOTALLY agree with this, as according to the manual of style, since this is English Wikipedia it should be catagorized under it's International English title. Let me know if you need help. SIckBoy 22:39, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Names
The persons' name in the article are a bit different from those in the film (e.g. Mina instead of Nina, Jonathan instead of Jonathon). Wouldn't the other way be a bit more correct? 84.236.49.87 21:53, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

That depends on which version of the film one is talking about. When copies of the film were circulated in the 1930s, the characters names were changed to their equivalents in the novel - Count Orlock as Dracula, and so on. More confusing is the name of the German town were most of the action takes place - it's Wisborg, or Bremen, depending on the print (and filmed in Wismar, IIRC. Gee, simple!) It doesn't help that Herzog's remake uses the now public domain names from Stoker's novel. Most versions of the film I've seen don't have Jonathan (Jonathon) Harker at all, going by the name of Thomas Hutter. And there's a bit of flexibility concerning the 'Mina' character. The film's Ellen combines aspects of Lucy (particularly her sleepwalking and death at the hands of Nosferatu) and Mina (engaged/married to Hutter/Harker). Consequently she's sometimes called Lucy, as in the Herzog remake, where Doctor Sievers' wife, Ruth, is called Mina. Arrogant Papist 22:51, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Does somebody know when the change of the city names was done and why? I can imagine Mina-Nina was an accident, but Wismar-Bremen are too different to be a typo. Is it known whether the original version stated in fact Wismar as the town of Orlok's arrival? --Vancouver robin 19:04, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

In the BfI DVD restored version, the woman living with Harding is shown in the cast list as his sister Ruth (which happens also to be the actor's name), not his wife Annie. "Professor Sievers, the town physician" has no visible wife, so there's no name clash. AsproZingel (talk) 10:21, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

I know-silly question!
I've read by some people on Youtube that this movie is very scary- one person said "I love this movie, but it scares the @#$% out of me!" And if it truly is a very scary movie, could it be possile to say that it is one of the most frightening horror films ever?

 * I think most horror fans of today would not be scared. It's best described as creepy rather than scary. There are a few scenes that kind of get under your skin in an indefinable way. Cop 633 03:41, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

Such as?
 * Though this may not be the best place for such a discussion, I will say that the scary or creepy aspect of the movie rests in the way it was filmed. There is no sound, and not only is it in black-and-white, the film has this tint to it that gives it an eerie effect.  If done in modern color, or even standard black-and-white, the Nosferatu character would look hokey.  Shot with this primative, archaic film, it can be scary for some.  I would say young children might be scared, but on the whole, no, it's not a scary movie.

Plot and improvements
Hi, I wrote a fairly long version of the plot of the movie and linked to the pictures on Commons. I think the reference that the movie does not follow at all time the Dracula book is not enough. My style in written English is neither polished nor always comprehensible, so, feel free to change. Also, I would propose to make the Nosferatu section into an independent article, as there are so many of them and I believe the article should focus on the movie itself. Comments? USferdinand 01:39, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with your proposal. I've recently worked on helping create Nikola Tesla in popular culture, Thomas Edison in popular culture and Mark Twain in popular culture and have been encouraging the creation of other similar entries. Sections of main entries focusing on pop culture references can unbalance the entry and make editors 'nervous' and, where the content allows (as it does here), it seems wise to split it off and link through using Template:Main. So basically I heartily agree and will help in any capacity I can. I'd suggest something like: Nosferatu in popular culture which follows the general format, in particular the Dracula in popular culture entry. (Emperor 02:03, 9 February 2007 (UTC))

removed plot tag Biggus Dictus (talk) 17:58, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

Different scores
From what I've heard, the film has been released with different scores. Is there anyone that knows more about it that can add info about it to the article? -Joltman 23:34, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

There is a fairly recent version on DVD with a soundtrack consisting of music by Type O Negative. Other than that, I am unaware of any other scores not mentioned in the article already. I find it hard to believe the Type O Negative score is not mentioned in the article. 209.254.200.110 (talk) 18:09, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

The Type-O Negative score was used for a 1998 Arrow Video VHS release entitled Nosferatu, the First Vampire, with an introduction by David Carradine. However, I don't think that it was particularly memorable, as there were other avant-garde (if we can still acll them that) scores applied -- I have one by Club Foot Orchestra and another by Gothic Industrial. More noteworthy is a jazz-influenced score composed by Peter Schirrman sometime in the 1970s, used for theatrical revivals, and which turns up on numeous early DVD releases. WHPratt (talk) 15:17, 22 June 2013 (UTC)

MOVIES with NOSFERATU mentioned
"Dracula: Dead And Loving It" is a 1995 movie directed by Mel Brooks. In the movie, there is a plot where Mel Brooks is acting together with Harvey Korman, where Mel asks Harvey if he's got a copy of NOSFERATU in his library (The plot of the movie is suppossedly late 1800's. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula:_Dead_and_Loving_It —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 62.5.143.55 (talk) 06:01, 15 May 2007 (UTC).

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

move to Nosferatu. Pro hib it O ni o ns (T) 10:42, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

I have requested that this page be moved from the German title to Nosferatu as per WP:NC(F). Cop 663 13:25, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Support - I support per WP:NC(F) and also since "Nosferatu" pulls up close to 3,000,000 versus 95,000 for "Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens." Granted IMDB does use the "Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens" title but the cover of the film uses "Nosferatu." -- Tλε Rαnδom Eδιτor  ( tαlk ) 21:32, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, IMDB's policy is to use the original title, but this is not Wikipedia's policy. Cop 663 00:39, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Support - per nom Reginmund 00:31, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose - I would support Nosferatu (film) or Nosferatu (1922 film) to differentiate from the remake. I disagree with the current redirect from Nosferatu to this article. I feel that the article Nosferatu (word) is far more likely to be what users are looking for (note the '3,000,000' search hits referred to above surely include numerous references to the word, not just this film). At the very least, the disambiguation page would be more appropriate. Maralia 17:23, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Fair point, although the remake is called Nosferatu the Vampyre, so it actually has a different name.Cop 663 01:07, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

anti-Semitism/NPOV tag
Shouldn't there be mention of anti-Semitism? The fact this movie is "Clean"-there's controversy, as any German Cinema expert would tell you. This movie has absolutely grotesque stereotypes. It might still be a good movie, a classic even, but searching the internet, as well as looking through various textbooks...this movie is overtly anti-Jewish. The only reason its not seen that way is no one involved making it seemed to point it out.

I'm restoring the tag until there's some mention of the stereotypes in this movie.66.24.35.55 (talk) 03:42, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

 * If you think the anti-semitism issue is significant enough for an encyclopedia article, and you can provide sources, write it up. The article currently takes no position either way on whether the film is anti-Semitic, so there is no POV issue.

 * However, if the filmmaker made Orlock look disgusting, and other Germans have used similar features to show Jews as disgusting, that doesn't really indicate much more than a shared aesthetics. WillOakland (talk) 06:37, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

- I don't understand, under what precept is Orlok considered Jewish? He's not even human, and does not even look human- and there is never any mention of him being even slightly Jewish? Someone explain this to me, because the anti-semetic claims seem random to me at this point. 142.68.222.21 (talk) 12:59, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

How utterly pathetic. Still blamming all Germans for the crimes of a few, eh? Shit, now you're blamming Germans before the Nazis even came to power.

Count Orlok is not Jewish, nor was Schrek. He has no "Jewish" features and nothing, throughout the entirety of the movie, alluded to (subtely or otherwise) or presented any sort of criticism or allegory to Judaism or Jews.

That OTHERS who were ACTUALLY anti-semitic decided to degrade Jews by dehumanising them into rat like creatures or ugly monsters has NO bearing, whatsoever, on ugly monsters or rat/animal featured creatures who are simply being portrayed as just that. Creatures.

You are just are moronic, ignorant and racist as those who used Nosferatu as paralells for hating Jews. Get out. 60.230.201.56 (talk) 05:29, 9 March 2009 (UTC) Harlequin

I have for years heard that the film is considered anti-Semitic, and while I don't follow the idea, discussion of it doesn't seem out-of-bounds in an encyclopedia article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.9.50.240 (talk) 14:11, 26 October 2011 (UTC)

My, "harlequin", you seem very ... excitable. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.9.50.240 (talk) 02:57, 28 October 2011 (UTC)

The 1997 Propellerheads song "History Repeating", is a good reminder to learn from history, rather than ignore it, and that includes an awareness of and a respectful appreciation that others may feel rather differently about any film or other cultural artifact than we do. The original poster is quite correct to raise this issue of possible anti-semitism in the 1922 film Nosferatu, especially as very current white supremacist sites use Nosferatu for their own hateful purposes ( http://www.stormfront.org /forum/t169895/). Reading many comments to questions raised in forums, one can see that hateful speech is also today a very common response to even the most sensible and mildly posed queries. I too love old movies, as they are part of our shared history, and I am loathe to see the past in anachronistic terms, but even textbooks require some revision as we evolve and develop greater understanding about the world around us. It is common knowledge now that Murnau and his production company, Prana, were not saints - they attempted to get out of paying Mrs. Bram Stoker rights to the novel, then declared bankruptcy, resulting in a court order to burn all copies of the film, which they clearly ignored. There is also plenty of literature on the topic of possible implicit anti-semitism in Nosferatu, or referencing it, ie. Horror Film: Creating and Marketing Fear (ed. Steffen Hantke, Univ. Press Mississippi, 2009; p.23-34, "Imaging the Abject" Claire Sisco King). Alex Karembelas, in her Tufts MA thesis wrote that: " Although ostensibly “an account of the Great Death in Wisborg” of 1838, the story of Nosferatu is one which speaks to issues of its own time. In the figure of Nosferatu especially, it is possible to see shadows of the visual and conceptual trends in Weimar era anti-Semitism. Although the Nosferatu itself is not anti-Semitic, there are parallels between the character of Nosferatu, who is the very essence of the malevolent, foreign ‘other,’ and the figure of the Jew in anti-Semitic rhetoric. Nosferatu plays on the same cultural fears and utilizes the same techniques of representation that underlie contemporary anti-Semitic rhetoric" (http://www.excollege.tufts.edu/documents/stuWork2010FallKarambelas.pdf, p.1). Patrick Colm Hogan (Professor, Department of English, Program in Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies, and Program in Cognitive Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs) wrote in his study of the film (http://www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/uploads/docs/FS808.pdf): "Nationalist feeling is bound up with narrative structure in precise and consequential ways...F. W.Murnau’s 1922 Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror was a narrative of this sort. In conjunction with other films, stories from novels and political speeches, anecdotes from ordinary speech, and so on, it helped to prepare the way for the purgative sacrificial nationalism that took on such virulent form in the Nazi period (Hogan, p.2). By 1922 when Nosferatu was made, according to Wikipedia's own timeline of Nazism (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_timeline_of_Nazism#1922 and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Party), the first Hitler Youths were being formed and "during 1921 and 1922, the Nazi Party grew significantly". Films then, as today, are not made in a vacuum - filmmakers, producers, actors, distributors, cinemas etc - all react to and play to the zeitgeist. All the critics of the film quoted here state very categorically that neither Murnau nor his scriptwriter Henrik Galeen appear to have been explicitly ant-semitic, but they were both men of their times, with many years of relating and reacting to certain signs and symbolism which, despite our best efforts at control, filter subconsciously into any creative or productive project. As a filmmaker myself, I know that filmmaking is also a serious money-making business, involving many many decisions makers - any one of which can shape the film according to their particular goals. As Hogan notes further, "Existing prototypes (in this case, stereotypes), defined by high connection strengths among nodes (e.g., among the nodes for Jewish, Eastern European, and a range ofparticular physical features), lead writers and directors to choose the properties of characters (e.g., properties of their physical appearance) in certain ways. Not only is intent not required, in many cases the effect is facilitated by the absence of self-consciousness about the implicit links..(that) helped to prepare ordinary Germans for the Holocaust" (Hogan, p.96) Today, though many might argue that prime-time TV is full of negative stereotypes, we do have certain societal and legal restrictions that ensure that mass entertainment stays within certain boundaries of commonly shared values. But in 1920's Germany life was very very different to now. Windows were already being smashed as Hitler's speeches found thousands of receptive ears among the unemployed, conservative and less educated segments of society."Mein Kampf" was written just 3 years after the release of the film, but even before that, many people already owned and circulated copies of the faked highly anti-semitic pamphlet "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion", published as early as 1897 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion). Not just in Germany - I found a copy amongst the papers of a recently deceased Dutch aristocratic colonial bank representative, and many found their way to the UK, the US, France etc. Whether or not one feels that Nosferatu should be revised is on some level based on one's own current perspective on the issue of anti-semitism. That anti-semitism still exists is unquestionable, along with many other -isms that are equally indecent, ignorant, and inhumane. What one cannot question is the facts relating to time in which the film was made, and how it later played a role in helping to propogandise attacks on fellow humans that resulted in the burning and gassing of small children for no other reason than being born to parents with a different religion. The American skinhead website www.stormfront.org's very current anti-semitic use of Nosferatu should serve as a cold shower to those who may believe this topic no longer has any validity when taking part in an academic discussion of old movies. What would our cultural landscape look like without past debates on the representations of certain human groups and other symbolism in critically appraised films such as Birth of a Nation, Triumph of the Will, and even Gone with the Wind? We live today in a time when anger over unemployment, access to education and fear of both government within the country and foreigners outside of it is rampant. The sad fact, despite the "trolls" who love to drag the level of discourse down to the lowest level at every chance, is that talk is truly cheap - broken bones, bombed houses and hate-filled memories cost us all a lot. We require now. just as at any time in history, smart people with a good sense of history and culture to ensure that our signs and symbols do not point us in the wrong direction once more. History keeps repeating — Preceding unsigned comment added by Citybrit  (talk • contribs)
 * [Note: I have somewhat randomly inserted paragraph breaks in the comment above. Drmies (talk) 02:12, 24 August 2018 (UTC)]
 * Smart poster above me. I too agree that the ties to antisemitism are worthy of mention, because first five google hits on "does nosferatu look jewish?". Especially https://www.bh.org.il/blog-items/myth-vampire-jew-blood-libels/, but I think that one left out three elements: the rats, Knock the Realtor, and the mass psychology of Fear of The Other (esp immigrants). Lugosi wears a kinda "Jewish Star" in the remake. Anyway, Knock can read mystical looking gibberish... Hebrew? Homoncupuss (talk) 02:08, 24 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Antisemites do not, in fact, have a monopoly on 1920s horror aesthetic - unless you're seriously suggesting that skinheads have a point that Jews look like Nosferatu, in which case that sounds like a you problem. All I see above are extremely dodgy assertions regarding modern skinheads, and ideological opinionating that allegations of antisemitism do not require intent or, frankly anything other than extremely tenuous circumstantial evidence which could be better explained by the damn source material. If you can tie the production crew or company to antisemitism, then you have a tenable link to actual antisemitism. The fact that the poster above seems to think bare assertions of antisemitism is intelligent or worthy of serious historical consideration is rather disturbing. 2A00:23C5:F31A:1401:41E8:F8DB:3550:CDD0 (talk) 11:57, 4 October 2022 (UTC)

Nosferatu Zodd?
In the Berserk manga, there's an intermittently featured villain called Nosferatu Zodd. He was actually the reason why I came here and discovered the origin of the name "Nosferatu" in the first place. I thought he might be worth mentioning in the "Cultural References" section of the article, although there doesn't seem to be a sub-section for print media yet. I suppose he'd have to go under the section labeled "Other".

--PaparazziPulse (talk) 05:09, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

It is not a reference. His name was Nosferatu Zodd because of its reminisense to demons and the undead. Did you even pay attention to the plot of Beserk? Seriously. 60.230.201.56 (talk) 05:30, 9 March 2009 (UTC) Harlequin

References in popular culture.
I'm editing the references to popular culture section so it mentions the Vampire unit in Dungeon Keeper 2 that almost certainly are based on Count Orloks appearance, I hope nobody has objections. --Amras Calmacil (talk) 13:34, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

Characters similiar to book
The article already mentions the similarities between e.g. Ellen and Mina, Orlok and Dracula, Knock and Reinfeld, but there are other characters similiar in this, for example, Ruth (the rich woman friend to Ellen) and Lucy, Dr. Sievers (the Doctor who treats Hutter after his fall or the town doctor) and Doctor Seward, and Mr. Harding (Ruth's husband) and Arthur Holmwood. Would it be fair to mention them, or do we need sources? Themeparkfanatic (talk) 13:57, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

Legal troubles
Why doesn't the article mention the legal troubles the film went through? DrinkThineCookies (talk) 16:57, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree. See the movie "In Search of Dracula" for more information.--Filll (talk | wpc ) 00:32, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

On that point, the entry begins by saying "names and other details changed because the studio could not obtain the rights to the novel," with no proof. My understanding is that they were simply trying to avoid having to pay Balcombe and tried to change enough to make an unauthorized version. Does anyone have any reference proving the studio made any attempt to secure the rights before deciding to make those changes? 184.175.6.189 (talk) 11:55, 8 November 2012 (UTC)

Locations
Please note that only a few scenes were shot in Wismar (the opening scene, the Harbour scene). Most of the Wisborg-scenes were shot in Lübeck (streets, Hutters house, the house Orlok bought,...). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.201.207.169 (talk) 13:29, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

Production
I have been expanding the sections on pre-production and production from the German wikipedia article Nosferatu. For the last paragraph in Production I have resorted to citing the editors of the German article because I do not have easy access to the books they cite: Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau: Ein Melancholiker Des Films by Hans Helmut Prinzler; ''Murnau. Der Klassiker des deutschen Films by Lotte H. Eisner; and Licht aus Berlin: Lang, Lubitsch, Murnau; und weiteres zum Kino: Der Weimarer Republik'' by Frieda Grafe. Therefore I have resorted to citing "Editors of German wikipedia", giving a wikipedia revision URL and including the cite to Eisner's 1967 book. This is not ideal, but until someone with access to the books can confirm, this seems better than not citing at all. 84user (talk) 19:20, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

Jens Geutebrück
I've removed the following: "The only complete, original copy is said to be owned by the German Max Schreck collector Jens Geutebrück." Since this is not even mentioned in the Jens' page. If instead it's true and you have references you may add it back to **BOTH** pages. --Lo'oris (talk) 13:17, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

Types of film vampires
the film established one of two main depictions of film vampires. The "Nosferatu-type" is a living corpse with rodent features (especially elongated fingernails and incisors), associated with rats and plague, and neither charming nor erotic but rather totally repugnant. The victims usually die and are not turned into vampires themselves. The more common archetype is the "Dracula-type" (established by Bela Lugosi's version of Dracula and perpetuated by Christopher Lee), a charming aristocrat adept at seduction and whose bite turns his victims into new vampires.

Interesting, but looks like OR to me. And I don't think "the Nosferatu type" has much of an existence outside of tributes to Murnau's original. Rather, a Dracula-type vampire may occasionally assume a disgusting or beastly Nosferatu-like form in certain moments of a horror film.

In fact, an interesting point is that most cinematic vampires shapeshift between a deceptive human form and a terrifying monster-like one, and that sudden transition is what startles and scares people. This cheap trick is never used in Nosferatu (not surprisingly, since the film is a pioneering work); rather, Count Orloc looks like pretty much the same nasty scarecrow all the time, so the entire film is more like one long depressing nightmare - or "symphony".--91.148.159.4 (talk) 00:25, 19 December 2009 (UTC)

The film/movie version of "Salem's Lot" (not sure if he is depicted the same in the book) the Vampire "Mr Barlow" is 100% a Nosferatu type vampire. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.25.137.110 (talk) 01:46, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

Future graphic novel
''A Nosferatu Graphic Novel slated for a 2010 release by Viper Comics retells the story of the original 1922 film. With a more current setting and modernized characters, the book seeks to bring the property to a new generation.''

I first removed the above text and the accompanying external link with an edit summary of "-spam". It has since been replaced. I have just removed it from the section "Derivative works" and placed it here, so that other editors can decide what to do. I see two problems: It is possible that when the work appears, and it gets written about by reliable sources, that it could be re-incorporated in the article. At least that is my understanding of wikipedia's article guidelines. -84user (talk) 17:54, 10 March 2010 (UTC)
 * it describes a future work
 * it has no independent assertion of notability
 * I've replaced the information with some references. I hope this is the proper procedure. -- 4.153.87.168 (talk) 01:17, 24 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I see it was removed again. Please let me know what makes a reliable source if it cannoy be Amazon.com or ComicMonsters.com. -- 4.153.87.168 (talk) 02:23, 24 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Books, etc. typically need to have multiple reviews to be considered notable. A new graphic novel is by definition not notable yet. See WP:NBOOK for the precise criteria. If it's not notable, it doesn't need to be mentioned here. Yworo (talk) 02:25, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

Unless there are any objections, I will be adding this: Viper Comics's 2010 Graphic Novel entitled Nosferatu retold the original 1922 film's storyline with a modern setting and cast. Zedura Magazine -- 4.153.81.233 (talk) 02:46, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, I object; blogs are not reliable sources. Please read our policy on what qualifies as a reliable source. Wikipedia is not for promoting new media in any form. Yworo (talk) 23:05, 7 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Hmm. It's not a blog, it's a comic review site... but fine. It's in this month's issue of Rue Morgue Magazine, which is on stands in book stores, etc. all across the USA... would that be okay? Also not sure how the heck you can say Wikipedia isn't for promoting new media... are you saying there are no articles on recent movies, cartoons, comics, etc.? Come on... -- 4.153.84.172 (talk) 23:12, 7 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Heck, there are articles on comics that haven't even come out yet, like Batman, Inc. Seems a bit biased. -- 4.153.84.172 (talk) 23:13, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

 * The point to take away about that comic review site is, it's self-published. The writers are the owners of the site. We don't consider that reliable. Again, read the policy on reliable sources, if Rue Morgue meets the criteria described, then of course it can be used. For it to be listed in this article, it must discuss its relationship with the film. And by the way, other stuff exists is never considered a valid argument on Wikipedia. It may very well be that the other Wikipedia articles should be deleted. Not my area... Yworo (talk) 23:28, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

 * The thing is, though, that the rules are kind of iffy to a layman like myself. For example, THIS seems to say I could actually just link to the projet's official webpage as the source: RS. Doesn't make sense to me, you know? Suffice to say I would appreciate your assistance in terms of posting legitimate information about something that does exist and is noteworthy, instead of simply the reasons you can pull it out of the article. I know that's not your duty, but it'd be nice and quite helpful, you know? You're holding me to guidelines that are not currently being used on information IN the actual article you're talking about. IIRC, nothing in the derivative works section of the Nosferatu article has any source listed at all... -- 4.153.84.172 (talk) 23:48, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Yup, I checked... Nothing in the derivative works section has any sort of citation, yet that all gets to stay and only my edit is removed and now the reinsertion is contested by you. This smacks of bias in that my edit was about a publisher's Graphic Novel as opposed to a film or play. In other words, it's not "real" art. -- 23:52, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

 * P.S. I looked at the Batman, Inc. article. It's already been reported on in multiple reliable sources, including the Los Angeles Times. If that were the case for the Nosferatu graphic novel, it would be qualified to have its own article as well. Yworo (talk) 23:39, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

 * That's a bit of a dodge. You're answering something I didn't mention - I was taking issue with your statement that Wikipedia isn't for new media, and I pointed out something so new that it isn't even out yet. It directly contradicts your point, and that was what I was pointing out, not the idea that it wasn't noteworthy, which was all that your response addressed. -- 4.153.84.172 (talk) 23:48, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I meant non-notable new media. Create an account and become part of the community rather than a single-purpose promoter of a marginally-notable graphic novel and perhaps I won't be so terse in my replies. Yworo (talk) 00:03, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

 * I've made many edits over many years. My IP changes (often slightly) and I've switched ISPs repeatedly over that time. What's up with the assumption, and why do you feel it proper to look down on unregistered users as lesser beings? -- 4.153.85.63 (talk) 17:54, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

 * All explained in the create an account link I put in the previous comment. I don't put the links in my comments for my benefit, but rather for yours. If you'd actually take the time to read them, you wouldn't ask such questions as they have already been answered. Yworo (talk) 18:46, 8 November 2010 (UTC)
 * That's a link to an article on creating articles, mislabeled as an article on creating an account... and it doesn't answer the question of what's up with you looking down on someone for not registering. Would be nice if you could edit/discuss without the weird chip on your shoulder. Anyway, the GN is out now, and I have used a reference that is the website if an actual magazine available for purchse, as opposed to a personal or news blog. I'm re-adding, and would appreciate it if you'd contest it as opposed to simply removing it in what would pretty much amount to vandalism. -- 4.153.81.93 (talk) 02:11, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Sorry, here's the correct link. It'd be nice if you knew that "graphic novel" is not a proper noun and shouldn't be capitalized. Guess it's due to too much time reading comic books and not enough time spent learning English grammar and writing style. Yworo (talk) 16:04, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for shining such a spotlight on your bias. As for your petty insults, don't expect me to lose sleep over that tired cliché tactic. Grammar and spelling correction are the last resorts of someone with no further point to make. -- 4.153.82.103 (talk) 02:54, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
 * It's also sort of ironic that you wrote this while editing the article: "please learn what a proper noun is and how to capitalize" Need I point out the humor? -- 4.153.82.103 (talk) 02:57, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
 * He's got a good point for emphasizing that you register. How do you take someone's edits seriously, if they can't stand behind them enough to attach an identity to them? There are some pages that tend to get vandalized (or edited by idiots) a lot, which are locked from editing by users who aren't logged in. Dementia13 (talk) 16:19, 15 January 2011 (UTC)

Redlinks
I believe some redlinks are good for wikipedia. There are still notable subjects for which the English wikipedia does not yet have articles. They also serve to show readers other articles via "What links here". So, please leave the redlinks that serve a useful purpose. -84user (talk) 02:12, 30 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Enrico Dieckmann has no articles and its German wikipedia stub was deleted on the grounds that nothing is known about him other than he was producer of two films; this has the strongest case for unlinking, unless more biographical information comes to light, but I will leave it
 * Henrik Galeen has articles in three wikipedia languages, clearly notable, only no one has started an English article yet
 * Ruth Landshoff has one German article, so I think it should be left a redlink
 * Dr. Seward was red but I changed it to the bluelink John Seward
 * Gustav Botz has one German article, so I created it as a redlink
 * Heinrich Witte has German article de:Heinrich Witte (Schauspieler)
 * Guido Herzfeld has two wikipedia articles: de:Guido Herzfeld and sv:Guido Herzfeld (a sub-stub)
 * Hardy von Francois has German article de:Hardy von Francois
 * Marienkirche (Wismar) (or St. Mary's Church, Wismar) has German article de:Marienkirche (Wismar)
 * Wasserkunst Wismar has German article de:Wasserkunst Wismar
 * Wassertor has German article de:Wassertor (Wismar)
 * Heiligen-Geist-Kirche has de:Heiligen-Geist-Kirche (Wismar)
 * Berlin's Johannisthal locality has articles in five wikipedia languages
 * Bühne und Film was admittedly a short lived magazine running from 1919 - 1922, published by Bühne und Film Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin; a case might be made for linking to a section on German film magazines, see http://www.deutsches-filminstitut.de/zeitschriften/zp_uebersicht_bestand.htm for a start
 * Frieda Grafe has de:Frieda Grafe
 * Hans Helmut Prinzler has de:Hans Helmut Prinzler

DVD?
Does anyone know if Nosferatu was released on DVD? I think I got a copy from HMV but unsure if it is genuine.--DoctorStrange (talk) 12:46, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Since the film was declared a plagiarism of Bram Stoker's novel Dracula and all prints were ordered destroyed by the courts, its copyright could not be renewed and the film is in the public domain worldwide. An unsourced statement in this article that it remains copyright-protected in its native Germany must be incorrect, for surely action against a German film company for acts committed in Germany had to be heard in a German court. The statements about this case in the articles on Stoker's widow, the novel and Stoker himself are similarly lacking geographical identification of the court and source citations (the one about the novel goes farther, carrying a cite request tag on this passage), nor do they claim the film to be copyrighted anywhere. Admittedly, the article on the widow implies that the order had little effect, with screenings in New York City and Detroit in 1929 (again, no source). I strongly suspect that these were isolated and quickly snuffed, if they happened at all. For decades, all published discussions of the film claimed that it was unseen between the court order and the expiration of the novel's copyright in the late 1950s, rendering the order moot. The article on the novel dates the expiration to April 1962, citing as source "Lugosi v. Universal Pictures, 70 Cal.App.3d 552 (1977), note 4" and the relevancy of a 1970s lawsuit between Bela Lugosi (his heirs, his estate, whatever) and the movie studio responsible for the film adaptation of the Dracula play for which he recreated his stage role, I can't imagine. The point is, any DVD of Nosferatu is as "genuine" as any other. --Tbrittreid (talk) 22:14, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

FA Status
Nosferatu is already a Featured Article on the Dutch Wikipedia. I think we would bring some of the contests and sources it has to the English Wikipedia to improve it's status. (New Living Wiki Editor (talk) 01:36, 11 March 2012 (UTC))

Dr. von Helsing
The article mentions Dr. von Helsing twice, once by another name used in some versions of the film and again, later, stating that he doesn't appear in the original script. Was his appearances added back in after the original script? In the version I have by low-budget DVD producer St. Clair Vision, has a Dr. von Helsing appear, his showing a Venus Flytrap and a "vampire of the plant kingdom" and a polyp. I think his character also appears towards the end of the movie (I'm watching again, so I don't recall off hand).Jtyroler (talk) 09:28, 1 November 2012 (UTC)

Hmm, I haven't watched it in a while...but he is not mentioned by name in the full credit list here[], although there are two characters referred to as doctors: "Gemeindearzt Dr. Sievers" and "Arzt im Krankenhaus"... The people at filmportal work closely with the Murnau Stiftung, so I would treat their credits pretty much as the definite version. Drow69 (talk) 13:49, 1 November 2012 (UTC)

"Professor Bulwer" is the Van Helsing substitute, the teacher who shows examples of natuiral vampirism, namely the spider and the hydra. WHPratt (talk) 23:35, 1 November 2012 (UTC)

Introduction :"... one print of Nosferatu survived ..."
How is a celluloid copy of a motion picture a "print"? --88.66.15.219 (talk) 14:43, 25 October 2014 (UTC)

 * That's been accepted terminology for as long as I can remember! WHPratt (talk) 15:03, 25 October 2014 (UTC)

Nosferatu
The film is not lost. We are going to see it in October at a mini theater that shows silent movies in Youngstown, Ohio. Chrissy824 (talk) 15:58, 4 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Who ever said it was? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.31.106.34 (talk) 22:00, 6 March 2017 (UTC)

Salems Lot (film/movie/TV adaptation) 1979
"Mr Barlow" The vampire in the 1979 TV adaptation of the Stephen King book "Salem's Lot" is a Nosferatu type Vampire.

While in the original book he might of not been depicted as such, I still feel the TV adaptation and its Nosferatu inspired Vampire has made enough cultural impact for it to be mentioned in the Nosferatu article — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.25.137.110 (talk) 02:09, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

Added reference to the 1994 SNES game in the 'In popular culture' section
I added a reference to the 1994 video game for the Super Nintendo titled Nosferatu. It seemed valuble because people may want to know that there was a video game that lifted its title from the film. --Person Mcpersonjoe (talk) 07:44, 2 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I've removed this since (as you wrote yourself) "There is virtually no connection to the movie besides the name". I appreciate this was a good-faith attempt to improve the articles, but "in popular culture" sections expand to undue size, and one of the ways they can do this is if the most incidental of mentions is added to an article. Pinkbeast (talk) 11:23, 4 November 2018 (UTC)

SpongeBob SquarePants reference
SB references Count Orlok in a 2002 episode, but I can't find a quality citation that isn't IMDB or a wikia site. Can anyone help?

It's a well known episode of a wildly popular animated show, not some obscure reference. I would say that qualifies as popular culture.

104.63.205.182 (talk) 18:51, 12 December 2018 (UTC)

Cleaning Up and Expanding
Looking over the article, and considering the vast amount of information that exists on the film, it's surprising to me how underdeveloped and undersourced it is. There is plenty of information that can be added to the production section and its sub-sections, as well as every other section in the article. Information such as the film's rediscovery and home media releases need to be added to the article with proper citations for its information. The reception and legacy section needs to be split into their own sections with the former detailing the film's initial and later reception. The legacy section can be merged with the popular culture section and rewritten so that it's not bullet points but rather well-developed paragraphs. There is SOOOO much that needs to be done here, and considering how High Importance the film is to WikiProject Horror, hopefully someone comes along and gives it the proper attention it is due.--Paleface Jack (talk) 17:34, 12 November 2019 (UTC)

Reviewed in the Financial Times
Reviewed in the Financial Times: Nosferatu at 100: why the vampire movie masterpiece still has bite, 5 April 2022, Nigel Andrews. This mention just so that the comment isn’t lost. JDAWiseman (talk) 23:16, 8 April 2022 (UTC)

Links on cast list
All these characters are linked to their counterparts in the Dracula novel/movie, who are named differently. I think the links are not appropriate since this is a different story (legal arguments aside).

 * Gustav von Wangenheim as Thomas Hutter
 * Greta Schröder as Ellen Hutter
 * Alexander Granach as Knock
 * Georg H. Schnell as Shipowner Harding
 * Ruth Landshoff as Ruth
 * John Gottowt as Professor Bulwer
 * Gustav Botz as Professor Sievers

Emile Blondet (talk) 22:32, 31 October 2022 (UTC)

 * You are 100% right . I'm not sure how I missed this over the years but they have now been removed. Thanks for your vigilance. MarnetteD|Talk 01:27, 1 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nosferatu


text:
Down by the River (Neil Young song)

"Down by the River" is a song composed by Neil Young. It was first released on his 1969 album with Crazy Horse, Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere. Young explained the context of the story in the liner notes of his 1977 anthology album Decade, stating that he wrote "Down by the River," "Cinnamon Girl" and "Cowgirl in the Sand" while delirious in bed in Topanga Canyon with a 103 °F fever.

Lyrics and music
The lyrics tell the story of someone who killed his lover by shooting her after feeling unable to continue from the emotional highs of their relationship. Young himself has provided multiple explanations for the lyrics. In an interview with Robert Greenfield in 1970, a year after the song was released, Young claimed that "there's no real murder in it. It's about blowing your thing with a chick. It's a plea, a desperate cry." Later, when introducing the song in New Orleans on September 27, 1984, Young said that the song depicts a man "who had a lot of trouble controlling himself" who catches his woman cheating on him, then meets her down by the river and shoots her. According to Young, the local sheriff comes to the man's house and arrests him a few hours later.

"Down by the River" begins with electric guitars followed by bass guitar and snare drum before the vocals begin. The vocal sections are taken at a slow tempo. There are long instrumental passages after each of the first two refrains, during which Young plays short, staccato notes on his guitar and incorporates distortion. The song is composed in the key of E minor. The verse follows a chord progression of Em7-A while the pre-chorus is Cmajor7-Bm-Cmajor7-Bm-C-Bm-D and the chorus is G-D-D-A.

Upon the single release, Record World said that Young "sparkles in this solo outing which has some 'Hey Joe' influence in it." Cash Box called an "excellent sample of [Young's] soloist strength." Rolling Stone critic Rob Sheffield called "Down by the River" and "Cowgirl in the Sand" the "key tracks" on Everybody Knows This is Nowhere, calling them "long, violent guitar jams, rambling over the nine-minute mark with no trace of virtuosity at all, just staccato guitar blasts sounding as though Young is parachuting down into the middle of the Hatfield-McCoy feud." In one solo, the same staccato note is repeated 38 times. In 2015, Phish guitarist, Trey Anastasio wrote, "If I was ever going to teach a master class to young guitarists, the first thing I would play them is the first minute of Neil Young's original "Down by the River" solo. It's one note, but it's so melodic, and it just snarls with attitude and anger. It's like he desperately wants to connect." Brett Milano of udiscovermusic.com rated Young's guitar solo as one of the 100 all-time greatest, stating that "it begins with almost nothing – the pure menace of one note played again and again – and builds to a pile of hulking riffs.

Personnel

 * Neil Young – electric guitar, vocal
 * Danny Whitten – electric guitar, backing vocal
 * Billy Talbot – bass
 * Ralph Molina – drums, backing vocal

Performances and covers
Live performances vary from shorter solo acoustic performances, as on the Crosby Stills Nash & Young release Four Way Street, to twelve minutes long, as on the Live at the Fillmore East release featuring Crazy Horse. At the Rock Am Ring in Germany in 2002, Young, backed by Booker T Jones, Donald "Duck" Dunn, and Frank Sampedro, played "Down by the River" for over 27 minutes. At Farm Aid 1998, Young joined Phish—who headlined that year's festival—during the band's jam out of "Runaway Jim", leading them into a 20-minute version of "Down by the River". Neil Young and Promise of the Real played a 20-minute version of this song at Desert Trip. In 2016, Neil Young and Promise of the Real played a 36+ minute version of the song to open their set at the Beale Street Music Festival in Memphis, Tennessee.

A CSNY performance of the song from September 1969 was included in the 1971 documentary Celebration at Big Sur.

Young performed it with CSNY on the ABC TV show the Music Scene in 1969.

Joey Gregorash covered this song in 1971 gaining a lot of airplay in Canada, and reaching #6 on the RPM Magazine charts.

Guitarist Roy Buchanan recorded a cover version of "Down by the River" on his 1971 album Buch and the Snakestretchers, and on his 1978 album You're Not Alone. The Meters, The String Cheese Incident, Dave Matthews Band, Inner Circle, Low/Dirty Three, Tall Firs, McKendree Spring, Michael McDonald, The Mother Hips, The Sheepdogs, Puss n Boots, Norman Whitfield & The Undisputed Truth, Buddy Miles and Griffin also cover this song. The song appears on the Dave Matthews & Tim Reynolds 2007 live release Live at Radio City. Robert Plant borrows the line, "Be on my side, I'll be on your side, there is no reason for you to hide," in the live versions of "Dazed and Confused" and "How Many More Times" recorded in 1970 at Royal Albert Hall (from the Led Zeppelin DVD).

An acoustic version by the Indigo Girls appeared on their 1995 live double CD 1200 Curfews; the song had been a staple of their early 1993 shows and featured a cello and violin solo by Jane Scarpantoni and Scarlet Rivera respectively.

Canadian musician Edwin borrows elements of the song in his 1999 song, "Trippin'".

Low and Dirty Three teamed up to cover "Down by the River" on In the Fishtank 7

A cover by Johnny Maestro & the Brooklyn Bridge charted two weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 from 7/11 to 7/18/1970, peaking at position 91.

A cover by Buddy Miles charted seven weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 from 7/18 to 8/29/1970, peaking at position 68.

American experimental artist Jude the Obscure covered the song for their 2019 album Plastic.

Indie rock musician Car Seat Headrest incorporated elements of "Down by the River" in his 2013 song, "The Gun Song."

Actor Bradley Cooper performed a vivid air-guitar cover of the song on The Tonight Show in 2015.

Singer/musician Norah Jones was joined onstage by Neil Young for an acoustic version of "Down by the River" on Day 2 of the 2014 Bridge Benefit concert.

Norah Jones also performed a cover of "Down by the River" in her online brief concert of November 5, 2020, one of a series that she posted online during the COVID-19 pandemic.

title: Down by the River (Neil Young song)


text:
Category:Oltenia

 * Oltenia — historical region of Wallachia, in present-day southern Romania.

title: Category:Oltenia


text:
Punjab Province

Punjab Province may refer to:

 * Punjab Province (British India), a former province of British India from 1849 to 1947

In Pakistan

 * Punjab, Pakistan, a province in Pakistan from 1970 onward
 * West Punjab, a province of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955

In India

 * Punjab, India, the modern-day Punjab state in India from 1966 onward
 * East Punjab, a province and later a state of India from 1947 to 1966

title: Punjab Province


text: Category:Wallachia

title: Category:Wallachia


text:
User talk:GeorgeBills

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the Wikipedia Boot Camp, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type   on your user page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! --Starwiz 14:36, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Editing tutorial
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 * How to write a great article
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 * Manual of Style

Band article POV's

 * I have noticed that most articles on bands / musical artists tend to be very POV, and I am trying to correct this when I can find it.

--Right on, brother! Evidently some people have no idea of the difference between a music review and an encyclopedia. We badly need people to do this. Cheers, Slac speak up!  07:47, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Waterfall model
George, your improvements on the Waterfall model are fantastic. Well done! --huwr 08:14, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

JP Mohammed
Hi there, I removed the "however, this may not be correct" bit from your edit cause it was superfluous, imho. The "Some argue" already clarifies that it is an opinion, not fact. Kyaa the Catlord 00:53, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

Revolting Cocks
Hi. Yeah the guys from Revolting Cocks aren't all Belgians so you made a good decision by removing the category. I don't think there's a category to classify partially Belgian bands and as a matter of fact I don't think we need one. We'll just let it be. Greenthings Taarten Gâteaux 16:29, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

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Spelling
I don't mean to be rude, but please realise that "refered" is not a word, and is spelled "referred." I have never dropped a note like this, but you used referred several times in this rewrite. Sorry to bother you about spelling, as the article was great. Linuxerist E/L/T 17:21, 23 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the tip. GeorgeBills 04:59, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Atmospheric water generator
Hi George,

Got your point...hey buddy honestly there is no advertisment motive behind that article. I am a amateur wiki user, so infact I request you if u could help me gt the article to wiki standards. Suggest me some changes that i can incorporate and make it in-sinq with what cannot be declared as an advertisment.

Email me at: ashvidia@gmail.com

Awaiting your prompt action and response,

Regards, Ashvidia 06:05, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Response on your talk page where it's most useful to you. GeorgeBills 05:57, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

xUML
Sure, I will be glad to copyedit the article for you. :) Will work on it soon . Did some, but time to eat. Good article by the way. ~Linuxerist E/L/T 20:33, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I've reverted your two edits, looks like aspellfox or whatever you're using has gone nuts. Lots of text has been copied and pasted from random location x to random location y.  diff.  Thanks for the start of a copyedit though, I appreciate it.  GeorgeBills 05:45, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I have absouletly no clue what I did... it seemed to have replaced all references of "ass" in a word to UML. I will report the bug, and do it by hand, only looking up what is needed. ~Linuxerist E/L/T 10:21, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

direct quotes misspellings
unfortunately it is often difficult to tell if the editor mistakenly misspelled a quote or the author did and it should be preserved. if the later is the case, then a [sic] tage should be added either in commenting or directly in the article. i've inserted one so this won't happen with me or others again. really this is a misdoing on my end though, and so i do appologize. one arm hair pulled as punishment, as is my policy. yowzah! JoeSmack Talk 09:00, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

They've killed the List of famous failures in science and engineering! You Bastards!!
Mmx1 is taking the fight that I have over the F-14 and F-111 to the failure page, and he has nominated them for deletion. The wiki-thugs are all voting to delete the page. Mmx1 has reversed the F-14 page to state that it is not, and has never been designed as a maneuverable air superiority fighter, and is not accepting any contrary citations up to and including a F-14 test pilot, Janes Defence, and Aviation Week. He is apparently taking revenge against other pages. Please go to the deletion page and tell the administrators what is going on. Look at the patterns of MMx. He regular accuses others of gross misinformation and summarily reverts most edits as a self-appointed judge of all truth, but in fact should not be allowed this leeway. --matador300 10:59, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Studio L2
The STUDIO L2 page has been CHANGED!! - I was actually working with and the changes was been performed at the same time as the warnings came up. Now it does not sound as an advert (it did first, since the next was copy pasted, then I CHANGED it)... OK? Nike

Replaceable fair use Image:Ministry (band).jpg
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Proposed deletion of VAWS

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. --TheImaCow (talk) 16:52, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of VAWS

The article VAWS has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "No reliable sources significantly discussing the record label."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ... disco spinster   talk  22:34, 2 April 2022 (UTC)

Nomination of VAWS for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article VAWS is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/VAWS until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. ... disco spinster   talk  15:03, 4 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:GeorgeBills