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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Environmental spoiling

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Trilobite (Talk) 14:43, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Environmental spoiling
nn dictdef (27 questionable googles) --Doc (?) 00:35, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to pollution. -- BD2412 talk 00:48, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * Delete: A redirect wouldn't be bad, but I don't think it's necessary, and we don't have any content here to preserve. Geogre 02:18, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Right, which is why I didn't say "Merge". Someone who types in this term is probably looking for pollution - I could see it happening. -- BD2412 talk 04:37, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * Delete I highly doubt anyone will use this as a search term. --Xcali 04:52, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Geogre and Xcali. Quale 05:49, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per BD2412. Blackcats 09:46, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect, same as above. StopTheFiling 18:02, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no need for redirect. I see the phrase "environmental despoliation" more than this, which is probably just somebody's don't-use-big-words version.  Barno 18:59, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no need for redirect. Those looking for pollution will look under pollution. carmeld1 06:24, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The article is not about pollution. It could be some sort of psychological term, as a few hits on google and the article itself state. Take a look at google hit Romantic Relationships Study Guide (Final Exam). Poli 07:25, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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User talk:Deucextre

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title: User talk:Deucextre


text:
Luís Seoane

 Luis Seoane (1910–1979) was a lithographer and artist. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina on June 1, 1910, of Galician immigrants, he spent much of his childhood and youth in Galicia (Spain). He was educated in A Coruña. His first exhibition was held in 1929. He is usually included in the group of Os renovadores, the renovators of Galician art in the first third of the 20th century.

Returning to Argentina in 1936 to escape the Spanish Civil War, Seoane became an important cultural figure in Buenos Aires, where he was responsible for the creation of a number of murals and other public works of art. On his return to Galicia in 1960, he became a leading figure within the movement to revive Galician culture. He died in A Coruña in 1979.

title: Luís Seoane


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I'm Spelling as Fast as I Can

"I'm Spelling as Fast as I Can" is the twelfth episode of the fourteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 16, 2003, and was seen by around 22 million people during this broadcast. The episode is referred to as the 301st in the opening theme as it originally aired the same day as the episode "Barting Over", which was promoted as the 300th episode.

Plot
While watching a horror movie show hosted by Boobarella (the show's take on Cassandra Peterson's Elvira character), a commercial plays for the Ribwich (the show's take on McDonald's McRib sandwich), a new Krusty Burger sandwich in which meat from an unknown animal is processed and molded into the shape of ribs. Homer excitedly samples the Ribwich, recently arrived at the Krusty Burger in Springfield, and becomes addicted.

The next day, Principal Skinner holds a spelling bee at the school. Lisa is excited when she wins the spelling bee, for which she is awarded a scale model of the planet Mars (a kickball with the word "Mars" written on it). She qualifies to the state spelling bee, and wins again, qualifying her for the Spellympics to be held in Calgary, and is further rewarded with a double wide locker at school, removing Ralph Wiggum's locker in the process.

Marge suggests they celebrate by going to a movie, but Homer says he has "important daddy business" — which turns out to be eating Ribwiches with Lenny and Carl at Krusty Burger, only to find that the limited-time-only Ribwiches are out of stock. However, a "Ribhead" (a fan of the Ribwich) tells Homer that it is being tested in other markets, so he decides to follow a group of Ribheads as they track the release of the Ribwich tour schedule.

At the Spellympics, hosted by George Plimpton, Lisa wins the semi-finals and secures a spot in the finals. The other two finalists are Sun Moon, a Korean girl, and Alex, a cute boy with big round glasses and a speech impediment who proves to be extremely popular. Plimpton takes Lisa aside and tells her that if she lets Alex win, she will be given a free scholarship to any Seven Sisters college and a free George Plimpton hot plate. Lisa is torn between wanting to win the Spellympics and free college, and asks Marge whether they can afford to send her to college. Marge is unsure, but promises to do whatever it takes to get Lisa into college, but Lisa is still uneasy since she is aware of Homer's low salary.

In San Francisco, Krusty informs all the Ribheads that the Ribwich will no longer be made, as the animal from which it was made is now extinct. He tosses the last one into the crowd. Homer catches it, fighting off the others. An Italian Ribhead offers Homer the lease to his car for the last Ribwich, and Homer remembers Lisa and the Spellympics. He agrees to the trade and takes off in the car, reaching the Spellympics finals just in time to see Lisa spell "intransigence" and encourage her. Lisa, happy to see her father, tells everyone that she was told to take a dive, but then unintentionally misspells her word. Lisa loses, and since she did not do it on purpose, Plimpton rescinds his offer.

On the way back to Springfield, Homer tries to cheer up Lisa when she admits that she let down everyone in town. However, she finds that in coming second she has become Springfield's most successful native ever (even outachieving the Springfield woman who once dated Charles Grodin). In her honor, the town carved Lisa's face on the side of a mountain.

Production
A lengthy scene at the beginning of the show where Bart rushes to do everything he planned on doing during summer vacation was cut for time. The scene was later placed in the opening of the season 17 episode "The Monkey Suit", which aired three years later.

Cultural references
The sequence where Homer becomes addicted to the Ribwich is a parody of the Darren Aronofsky film Requiem for a Dream (2000). Boobarella, who appears at the beginning of the episode, is a parody of Elvira, the seductive gothic character portrayed by Cassandra Peterson. While opening the school, Principal Skinner sings a parody of "School's Out" by Alice Cooper. The song played during the Spellympics and during the credits is "I Put a Spell on You" by Screamin' Jay Hawkins. The song played at the beginning of the Spellympics finals is "Get Ready for This" by 2 Unlimited. This song was also played in the episode "Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass" and "To Surveil with Love". The song played during the TV ad for the Ribwich is a parody of "Like a Rock" by Bob Seger, which is best known as Chevrolet trucks' theme music from 1991 to 2004. The title of the episode is a reference to the 1981 book I'm Dancing as Fast as I Can, by Barbara Gordon. Lisa jogging and running up the courthouse stairs is a take on the scene from Rocky II. A reference to AC/DC is made when Otto asks Lisa to spell AC/DC and she spells it A-C-D-C, but after she finishes, Otto says "you forgot the lightning bolt" (referring to the band's logo). Homer following the Ribwich around with the Ribheads is a play on Deadheads, fans of jam-band music (the Grateful Dead in particular) who follow the band when on tour in order to see multiple concerts. At one point, Krusty the Clown says "what a long strange product rollout it's been". This is a reference to the famous line "what a long strange trip it's been" in the Grateful Dead song "Truckin'". The Ribwich is a parody of McRib and its promotions.

Reception
In 2011, Keith Plocek of LA Weekly named "I'm Spelling as Fast as I Can" the second best episode of the show with a food theme, commenting: "Spelling bee, schmelling bee. The star of this 2003 episode is the Ribwich, an obvious nod to McDonald's McRib."

title: I'm Spelling as Fast as I Can


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Armed Reaction

Armed Reaction is a 1998 Hong Kong modern cop drama produced by TVB. The drama stars Bobby Au-yeung and Esther Kwan as the main leads with Joyce Tang, Marco Ngai, Mimi Chu and Joe Ma in main supporting roles. Original broadcast of the series began on TVB Jade channel from July 6 till July 31, 1998 at 9:30-10:30 p.m. timeslot with 20 episodes total.

The popularity of the drama spawned 4 sequels (Armed Reaction II, Armed Reaction III, Armed Reaction IV, and Armed Reaction 2021).

In mainland China, the drama title is "女警本色", which means "The True Colour of Policewomen". While in Taiwan, the first season was under the title "麻辣女刑警" which means "Spicy Female Cops", but has followed the original Hong Kong title for the sequels. The reason for the change in title in each region release is to accommodate the local slang.

Synopsis
The drama takes place before 1997 Handover of Hong Kong and Royal Hong Kong Police revolves around the lives of two police woman, one who works leisurely behind desk duty but has to take her job more seriously once her husband leaves her and new rookie cop who is deemed too ambitious and rash by her superior.

Chu So-Ngo (Esther Kwan) never took her job seriously. She works leisurely behind the desk at the police station waiting for the day to end so she can go home to her loving husband and obedient young son. Her job at the police station is just for her to kill time and make spare money for her to spend. However, things took an unexpected turn when her boss's wife thought So-Ngo was having an affair with her husband and had her transferred to the Patrol Unit. Soon she also learns her happy marriage is not as perfect as it seems when she finds out her husband has a kept mistress up in mainland China and plans to divorce her so he can marry his pregnant mistress. No longer living carefree, So-Ngo has to worry about paying the bills and taking care of her son by herself. She decides to switch for desk duty to on the beat duties because of the better pay. As a beat officer she gets to know Inspector Chan Siu-Sang (Bobby Au-Yeung) better. The two have an close friendship and soon starts developing feelings for each other, but their relationship is put on hold when her ex-husband wants her back.

Chan Siu-Sang niece Chan Sam-Yuen, is a tomboy who has always dreamt of becoming a cop like her uncle. Since she is so active in her job her superior Ching Fung writes her up for being to ambitious and unruly. Chan Siu-Sang being more senior than Ching Fung decides to stand up for his niece and tells Fung to be a better superior instead. While always bickering with each other Sam-Yuen and Fung soon find out they also have a lot of the same interest. When Fung's girlfriend leaves him for her ex-boyfriend whom she starts seeing after moving to France for school, Fung soon starts to fall for Sam-Yuen.

Later when Siu-Sang is framed for a crime he didn't commit will Sam-Yuen arrest him or let him go so he can find evidence to bring the real culprit to justice.

Chan family

 * Bobby Au-Yeung 歐陽震華 as Chan Siu-Sang 陳小生 - IP. His CID career ended when a criminal shot him in the foot. His parents died when he was young, he was raised by his sister-in-law Wong Yee Mui. He is now working as a Firearms Officer with the CID.
 * Mimi Chu 朱咪咪 as Wong Yee Mui 王二妹 - Chan Siu-Sang's sister-in-law and Chan Sam Yuen, Sei Hei, Ng Fuk's mother. When her husband died she raised his younger brother and her three daughters alone.
 * Joyce Tang 滕麗名 as Chan Sam Yuen 陳三元 - Chan Siu-Sang's niece and Wong Yee Mui's eldest daughter. An ambitious rookie female cop who puts her life at risk because of her devotion to her job. Patrols for the Yau Ma Tei Police Station's Sub-Patrol Unit then transfers to Ching Fung's RCU Team 1 along with Chu So Ngor.
 * Koey Leung 梁雪湄 as Chan Sei Hei 陳四喜 - Chan Siu-Sang's niece and Wong Yee Mui's middle daughter.
 * Sherming Yiu 姚樂怡 as Chan Ng Fuk 陳五福 - Chan Siu-Sang's niece and Wong Yee Mui's youngest daughter.

Yue family (After Yue Wing Choi's divorce with Chu So Ngor, it is now the Chu family)

 * Esther Kwan 關詠荷 as Chu So Ngor 朱素娥 - A desk duty police officer who lived a carefree life until her life is turned upside down in a short period of time when she is transferred to the patrol unit and her husband leaves her for another woman.
 * Emotion Cheung 張錦程 as Yue Wing Choi 余永財 - Chu So Ngo husband then ex-husband. He leaves his wife and son for his pregnant mainland mistress.
 * Ting Lik 丁力 as Yue Ka Lok 余家樂 - Chu So Ngor and Yue Wing Choi's 10-year-old son. He forms a close friendship with Chan Siu-Sang when his father leaves the family.

Ching family

 * Marco Ngai 魏駿傑 as Ching Fung 程峰 - IP of RCU Team 1. Chan Sam Yuen's superior and later boyfriend.
 * Chor Yuen 楚原 as Ching Sau Chung 程守忠 - Ching Fung's father.
 * Helen Ma 馬海倫 as Ho Kam Mui 何金梅 - Ching Fung's mother.

West Kowloon CID

 * Kwok Tak Shun 郭德信 as Kwok Sir 郭Sir
 * Leung Kin Ping 梁健平 as Peter
 * Lee Chi Kei 李子奇 as Superintendent Ho 何Sir
 * Joe Ma 馬德鐘 as Leung Heung Dong 梁向東
 * Timothy Siu 邵傳勇 as Au Chi Keung 歐志強
 * Li Shing-cheong 李成昌 as Sergeant Pao Ting Tin 鮑頂天
 * Ben Wong Tin-Dok 黃天鐸 as Superintendent Wong 黃Sir
 * Chan Dik Hak 陳狄克 as Station Sergeant (Briefing officer in episode 1) 時沙
 * Mok Ka Yiu 莫家堯 as Kwan Sir 關Sir

Criminals and suspects

 * Ching Siu Lung 程小龍 as Cheng Chung Yee 鄭忠義
 * Willie Wai Kar Hung 韋家雄 as Cheng Chung Seon 鄭忠信
 * Akina Hong Wah 康華 as Wong Wai Sum 王慰心
 * Johnson Law 羅莽 as Cheung Pau 張炮
 * Koo Ming Wah 古明華 as Cheung Ming Wah 張明華
 * Angela Tong 湯盈盈 as Siu Ding 小丁
 * Candy Chiu 趙靜儀 as Ma Siu Ling 馬小玲
 * Ricky Wong Chun Tong 王俊棠 as Nip Sai Guen 聶世官
 * Josephine Lam 林其欣 as Yuen Siu Bik 袁小碧

Criticism
The show has come under attack for reusing story lines, recycling characters and actors as well as having illogical sequencing in storylines.

title: Armed Reaction


text:
Talk:Built to Spill

Missing Compilation
You guys don't have this compilation on there. Why not? Leitmotiv (talk) 08:02, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

New Album
Does anyone have some concrete information on a release date for the new album (e.g. from the mouth of the band itself or a Warner Bros. spokesperson)? Both Fall 2005 and Spring 2006 have been mentioned in different sources (but not Winter 2005, oddly enough). Utterly fantastic live show, by the way, I saw them in Memphis recently and I highly recommend catching them if you can. - Jersyko talk  00:39, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Can we really fairly compare them to Death Cab for Cutie or Modest Mouse? Come on. I don't think so.
 * I'm not really sure what you're saying. The answer, however, is yes, since they have been compared to both.  All three bands are part of the "northwest sound" movement.  Sure, they all have distinct sounds, but the comparison is at least somewhat warranted. -  Jersyko   talk  22:13, August 12, 2005 (UTC)

Unreleased 'You In Reverse' songs. I caught BTS earlier this year in Boston and they played a song that wasn't released with their last album. I know there were four(4) unreleased songs they played live. A song in particular I've been craving to hear had some reggae tones, and during the chorus or the first line of different parts, he would blend his voice a guitar chord... it sounded very weird but utterly amazing. Any information or recordings would be great! email me at clayton@bellmor.com if you could, thanks!

Comparisons/Influences
Because of their association with the Northwest sound, Built to Spill's sound has been compared quite often with Death Cab's and Modest Mouse's sounds. See this and this for examples, or parse through the rest of this google search for more. Whether this comparison is warranted or not is another story, but it should be noted in the article that the comparison is (or was) commonly made. Also, the difference between "comparison" and "influence" should be noted - the article does not say that DCFC or MM influenced BTS, on the contrary, BTS pre-dates DCFC by several years and was formed at about the same time as MM. - Jersyko   talk  16:27, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

I believe Ben Folds Five could be noted as a prominent group influenced by Built to Spill. On the Ben Folds Five album, Naked Baby Pictures, a live cover of Twin Falls is included. Ben Folds writes in the liner notes that at one point they would've been content being a Built to Spill cover band.--65.241.94.2 16:28, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Personal stuff Through the grapevine i've heard that Martsch is a family man. John Richards on KEXP has alluded to this numerous times. I think a noteworthy aspect of Built to Spill's personality is there everyman quality. We should mention this, if we can do so without getting too creepy or putting Martsch's private life in the spotlight too much. Does anyone know of any good sources for this type of information?

Genre
Indie means Independent. If they are signed to Warner Bros. Records, a major label owned by a corporation, they aren't indie. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.233.117.176 (talk • contribs).
 * First, 212,000 Google hits say otherwise. Also, numerous Google News hits use the term, including several undoubtedly reliable sources.  Second, "indie rock" is distinguishable from the term "independent musician", in that "indie rock" is a musical genre while "independent musician" is not.  Yes, there is overlap.  But even if Built to Spill is no longer an "independent" band because they are signed to WB records (and that's actually an interesting question, given that the terms of their contract with WB gives them a LOT more creative control than is the norm), their music falls squarely in the genre of indie rock.  Thanks. ·  jersyko   talk  14:16, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

how? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.11.194.220 (talk) 16:40, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Sounds like pop rock to me. Words like "indie" and "alternative" lose their meaning when they refer to things that aren't independent from, or alternative to, anything.  Covering huge hits by people old enough to be their parents further cements their place in the world of "popular music".  I only wish I had a way to reference this perspective. Huw Powell (talk) 21:41, 22 February 2015 (UTC)

External link suggestion: New Interview with Doug Martsch
As an editor at Crawdaddy!, and to comply with COI guidelines, I am not posting the link to this recent interview with Doug Martsch of Built to Spill. However, I would like to recommend it on its merits, and hope that an editor will find the time to examine the review and—if he or she sees fit—post it to the external links section. In the interview, Martsch discusses their recent live performances of Perfect From Now On, pick-up basketball, and the trouble of making guestlists. I appreciate your time. Crawdaddy! Mike harkin (talk) 23:09, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Done. Interwebs (talk) 23:29, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

Brett Nelson and Brett Netson
Were there really two members with such similar names? GiantSnowman 13:24, 7 October 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120902065143/http://bts.23.com/ to http://bts.23.com/

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title: Talk:Built to Spill


text:
User:Imaek/Movies

Notes:
 * Sorted by director's last name.
 * Ordered reverse-chronologically.
 * Bold indicates completion.
 *  Strike indicates approval of Wikipedia Page (should be accompanied by a date, example: (a. 2005-12-31))

'''I am thinking about changing the directors names to subheaders. I don't think this would ruin the effect or anything, only make it easier to maintain. If nobody says anything (not that anybody ever visits this page), I'm going to do it. Talk'''

=Movies I've seen=
 * Paul Thomas Anderson
 * Punch-Drunk Love (a. 2005-06-08)
 * Magnolia (a. 2005-06-08)
 * Sidney (a.k.a. Hard Eight) (a. 2005-06-08)
 * Wes Anderson
 * The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou
 * Alfred Hitchcock
 * Topaz
 * Psycho
 * Rear Window
 * Saboteur
 * Suspicion
 * Rebecca
 * Sabotage
 * Blackmail
 * Ingmar Bergman
 * The Seventh Seal (a.k.a. Det sjunde inseglet)
 * Uwe Boll
 * Alone in the Dark
 * Stanley Kubrick
 * Eyes Wide Shut
 * Full Metal Jacket
 * The Shining
 * Barry Lyndon (a. 2005-06-08)
 * A Clockwork Orange
 * 2001: A Space Odyssey
 * Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
 * Lolita
 * Spartacus
 * Paths of Glory
 * The Killing
 * Killer's Kiss
 * Baz Luhrmann
 * Moulin Rouge!
 * Romeo + Juliet (a. 2005-06-08)
 * Strictly Ballroom
 * David Lynch
 * Mulholland Drive
 * Blue Velvet
 * Eraserhead
 * Robert Rodríguez
 * Sin City
 * Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over
 * Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams
 * Spy Kids
 * From Dusk Till Dawn
 * Four Rooms
 * Desperado
 * El Mariachi
 * Gus Van Sant
 * Finding Forrester
 * Good Will Hunting
 * My Own Private Idaho
 * Martin Scorsese
 * The Aviator
 * Gangs of New York
 * Bringing Out the Dead
 * Taxi Driver (a. 2005-06-08)
 * The Last Temptation of Christ
 * Todd Solondz
 * Storytelling
 * Welcome to the Dollhouse
 * Quentin Tarantino
 * Reservoir Dogs
 * Pulp Fiction
 * Four Rooms
 * From Dusk Till Dawn
 * Jackie Brown
 * Kill Bill
 * Sin City

=Movies I'd like to see=
 * Paul Thomas Anderson
 * Boogie Nights
 * Wes Anderson
 * The Royal Tenenbaums
 * Rushmore
 * Ingmar Bergman
 * --Incomplete--
 * Uwe Boll
 * House of the Dead
 * Heart of America
 * Blackwoods
 * Sanctimony
 * Alfred Hitchcock
 * Family Plot
 * Frenzy
 * Torn Curtain
 * Marnie
 * The Birds
 * Vertigo
 * The Wrong Man
 * The Man Who Knew Too Much (remake)
 * The Trouble with Harry
 * To Catch a Thief
 * Dial M for Murder
 * I Confess
 * Strangers on a Train
 * Stage Fright
 * Under Capricorn
 * Rope
 * The Paradine Case
 * Notorious
 * Spellbound
 * Lifeboat
 * Shadow of a Doubt
 * Mr. & Mrs. Smith
 * Foreign Correspondent
 * Jamaica Inn
 * The Lady Vanishes
 * Young and Innocent
 * Secret Agent
 * The 39 Steps
 * The Man Who Knew Too Much
 * Waltzes from Vienna
 * Rich and Strange
 * Number Seventeen
 * The Skin Game
 * David Lynch
 * The Straight Story
 * Lost Highway
 * Twin Peaks:Fire Walk With Me
 * Wild at Heart
 * Dune
 * The Elephant Man
 * Robert Rodríguez
 * Once Upon a Time in Mexico
 * The Faculty
 * Gus Van Sant
 * Last Days
 * Elephant
 * Gerry
 * Psycho (1998 Remake)
 * To Die For
 * Even Cowgirls Get the Blues
 * Drugstore Cowboy
 * Martin Scorsese
 * Kundun
 * Casino
 * The Age of Innocence
 * Cape Fear
 * Goodfellas
 * The Color of Money
 * After Hours
 * The King of Comedy
 * Raging Bull
 * The Last Waltz
 * Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore
 * Mean Streets
 * Who's That Knocking at My Door?
 * Todd Solondz
 * Palindromes
 * Happiness
 * Fear, Anxiety & Depression
 * Quentin Tarantino
 * Natural Born Killers
 * True Romance

title: User:Imaek/Movies


text:
Farber Hebrew Day School – Yeshivat Akiva

Yeshivat Akiva is an N-12 Modern Orthodox Religious Zionist day school in Southfield, Michigan, serving Southeast Michigan. It opened in 1964 as an elementary school and shortly thereafter added a middle school (in 1967) and high school (starting in 1971, with a 10th grade). From the start the school has had a strong connection to Israel and for the first two decades the school's 12th grade took place in Israel. The first high school class graduated in 1974. The school's early motto was "The best of two worlds," which was later reworded as "The best of both worlds."

The school's original name was Akiva Hebrew Day School. In 1982, the school was renamed Yeshivat Akiva-Akiva Hebrew Day School-Stollman Education Center. It is currently known as Farber Hebrew Day School-Yeshivat Akiva and uses the motto "A foundation in Torah, a lifetime of success." The latest name change came as part of a major endowment by the Audrey & William Farber Family.

Founders and endowments
The school grew out of a March 1964 meeting, called by Rabbi James Gordon and Rabbi Hayim Halevy Donin, with 13 parents at the home of Mr. and Mrs. David Dombey. The original trustees of the school were David I. Berris, Mrs. David Dombey, Rabbi Hayim Donin, Dr. Jacob Goldman, Rabbi James I. Gordon, Rabbi Israel I. Halpern, Dr. Max Kapustin, Ithamar Koenigsberg, Dr. Charles Levi, Seymour Ribat, Elliot Steiman and Phillip Stollman.

The first Annual Akiva Dinner was held on Jan 18, 1966 at the Bnai David Synagogue. At the tenth annual dinner in 1974, Abba Eban was the guest of honor and presented the school with the 1974 Spiritual Bridges Award of the WZO's department for Torah Education and Culture. At the same dinner, Rabbi James I. Gordon was honored for his work with the school. In 1984, Avital Sharansky spoke at the annual dinner.

In December 1974, Phillip, Max and Frieda Stollman dedicated a kindergarten building in the school. The kindergarten was a prefab building on the property of Young Israel of Southfield.

In November 1986, Mrs. Hannah Karbal dedicated the Elementary school, which then became known as the Karbal Elementary School.

In January 1988, The Sara Tugman Learning Resource Center for students with special educational needs was dedicated.

In 2001, the Schostak Family set up the Millennium Fund to boost the high school program at Akiva. The campus was subsequently known as the Schostak Family Campus.

In 2013, as the school approached its 50th anniversary, the school received two major donations. The William Davidson Foundation donated $2.25 million, for "augmentation and improvement of Akiva's academic offerings." This was followed by the William and Audrey Farber Philanthropic Endowment Fund, which came forward with a 3 million dollar donation, which instigated a funding campaign and the construction of Akiva's first ever new facility. The Farber donation was later increased to $8 million and a new building was planned. Groundbreaking was in November, 2015.

Principals
Rabbi Manfred Pick was the first principal of the school, starting in 1964 and remaining at that post until 1970.

Graduates
Through 2018, and according to school records, there have been 562 graduates of Akiva. This divides into 274 men and 288 women. Eight are deceased. By decade, there were 84 graduates in the 1970s (38 men, 46 women), 124 graduates in the 1980s (54 men, 70 women), 100 in the 1990s (49 men, 51 women), 131 graduates in the 2000s (61 men, 70 women) and 123 in the 2010s (72 men, 51 women).

The largest class was in 2013 (26 students), followed by 1977 (25) and 2002 (24). The smallest class was in 2014, when there were no graduates, followed by 1994 (1), 2003 (2) and 1993 (3 - though no official graduation was held.) The most common class size has been 12 students, with an average size of 12.49.

Teacher
Rabbi Eliezer Cohen taught at Akiva from 1974 until the time of his death in 2014. He influenced several generations of Akiva students, teaching them Mishna, Talmud, and Bible. He was known for teaching the 6th grade class as well as the highest track of high school students. His yahrzeit continues to be marked by former students with days of learning.

Student leadership
Elisha Prero was the first Student Council president, elected in 1968. He was succeeded by Mike Feigelman in 1969, followed by Gary Torgow in 1970 and Sheldon Klein for the 1970–71 school year. Sharon Rose was elected president for 1971–1972, becoming the first woman to serve that role. Jamie Pearlberg was student council president in the 1991–1992 academic year.

Yearbook
The senior class annually produces a yearbook. The yearbook belonging to the class of 1991 was banned by the school. The yearbook was traditionally titled "HeChalutz" (The Pioneer), a name which lent itself to the school's basketball program for many years. However, the last yearbook which bore this title was issued in 1998.

Spelling bees
Akiva has often hosted a spelling bee. In 1969, Benjamin Micznik was the winner. The 1980 school champion was Sara Broner. Ephraim Simon won in 1986.

Science fairs
In 1969, four Akiva students participated in a science fair at Cobo Hall. Student Michael Feigelman was one of the victors. Judy Krakovits received an honorable mention. In subsequent year, winning science fair projects were displayed at the Cranbrook Institute. in 1974, Grant Mitchell won second prize in the Southwest Michigan Regional Science fair, and first prize in the Metropolitan Detroit Science Fair junior division.

Chidon HaTanach
Akiva has participated in Bible Competitions, including the International Chidon HaTanach. In 1972, Benny Micznik and Joel Bigman advanced to the National competition in New York. Ira Finkelstein represented the school in the National Bible Contest in 1980. In 2008, Dovi Nadel came in 3rd internationally. In that same year, Elizabeth Goldmeier was also an international finalist.

Mishmar
A mishmar program was initiated in 1972 for Thursday evenings. At first the program was voluntary, but in later years it became compulsory.

Drama
The students of the school have frequently put on plays for the public. In March 1973, they produced The Diary of Anne Frank. In 1975 students performed "Tevye and His Daughters." In 1980, Akiva students put on "The Importance of Being Earnest."

National Merit Scholars
In 1982, student Shani Schreiber became a National Merit Scholar.

Invent America!
For many years, students in the school participated in the Invent America! competition. In 1987, kindergarten student Zevi Steinmetz won the national competition when he invented a Popsicle stick that caught drips.

Math Olympiad
Starting in 1988, Akiva participated in the International Math Olympiad. Amy Zwas was the School champion in the first year.

Wax Museum
In 2000, students in the elementary school began a yearly wax museum, in which students would dress up as famous historical figures. This was initiated by teacher Shirleen Pensler.

Battle of the Books
For many years Akiva has participated in the Southfield Public Library's Battle of the Books, winning on a number of occasions. The first overall victory took place in 1989, when Akiva swept 1st, 2nd and 3rd place. In 2012 a team from Akiva again won the competition. In 2013, an Akiva team won both divisions. An Akiva team placed every year from 2014 to 2018, winning first in 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2018.

Israel Quiz Bowl
Starting in 1989, Akiva participated in the Israel Quiz Bowl, competing in the Day School division. The competition ran through 1993, with Akiva winning in the final year of competition.

YUNMUN
In 1993, Akiva sent its first delegation to Yeshiva University's National Model United Nations (YUNMUN), and has been sending students to the conference ever since. In 1997, several students were awarded Best Delegate awards.

Panim El Panim
In 1997 students from Akiva began attending Panim El Panim, a four-day learning program in Washington DC.

Eimatai
In the 2000s Akiva students began participating in Eimatai programs.

Athletics
Akiva has had many sports teams over the years, though some were quite short-lived. The basketball team was known as the Pioneers, named after the school yearbook, HeChalutz. With the name change that occurred in 2016, the sports team took on the moniker Farber Fire. The early floor hockey team was known as the Cougars.

Floor Hockey
Akiva's first reported athletic competition was a 1972 floor hockey contest against Yeshiva Beth Yehuda, played at the Detroit Jewish Center. Akiva won 9-5 before a crowd of 150. The floor hockey team also played against Hillel Day School and Windsor.

Baseball
In 1973, sixth grade boys in both Akiva and Yeshivat Beth Yehuda formed a Shabbat observant baseball league and played against one another.

Basketball
In 1985 Akiva organized a basketball team, which played against Beth Yehudah, Skokie, and the local JCC. Moshe Rose was the coach. The team captain in 1986 was Donny Ebenstein. in 1987, the school was invited to its first tournament, sponsored by HAFTR. Michael Selesny served as captain that year. That year also saw Akiva host an Israeli high school all-star team. Danny Najman was captain in the 1989–1990 season. Etan Berman and Zach Herman were co-captains in 1995. Ken Kohn became coach of the team in 1994 and served for over two decades in that role. He was replaced in 2011 by Rick Kaczander. The team frequently attends tournaments in New York, including at Yeshiva of Flatbush and Yeshiva University, and has also gone to Toronto, Columbus, and other locations over the years. In 1998 the team won the Tier III championship at the Y.U. tournament, captained by Erie Skoczylas. In 2013, the middle school team played against Hillel at the Palace of Auburn Hills during halftime of an exhibition game.

In 1989, the school hosted its first basketball tournament, the Akiva Invitational, consisting of four JV teams. Akiva's team was considered a JV squad as all seniors were learning in Israel. This tournament ran for two years, though the tournament trophy resided for many years in the office of the headmaster. In 2011, Akiva again hosted a basketball tournament, dubbed the First Annual Detroit Yeshiva Basketball Invitational Tournament. Teams from Cleveland, Pittsburgh and Columbus participated. The inaugural tournament was won by the team from Fuchs Mizrachi.

Tennis
A tennis team was started in 2009, coached by Bryan Weinstein. Practice takes place at Southfield-Lathrup High School and at the Detroit Tennis and Squash Club.

Israel program
From the inception of the high school, students were expected to spend time studying in Israel. At first this was done for most of 12th grade, after having completed an accelerated curriculum over the previous three years. In August 1973, the school's first 12th grade, consisting of Jonathan Freier, Sheldon Klein, Gary Torgow, Danny Schnipper, Jonathan Simon, Barbara Eskin, Michael Greenbaum, Benny Micznik, David Donin, Karen Polk, Judith Mermelstein, Lynn Dombey, Sarina Flatt and Solomon Pesis, left for Israel. The program was arranged in conjunction with the Jewish Agency. The girls were originally enrolled in an Ulpana in Kiryat Motzkin, but ended up on Kibbutz Tirat Tzvi, while the boys were in Tikvat Yaakov on moshav Sde Yaakov. The first class was present during the Yom Kippur War.

Among this first class, who had spent 12th grade in Israel, several elected to return to Israel for another year of study, going to Machon Gold, Keren B'Yavne, Hebrew University, the army-kibbutz Nahal program.

Subsequent classes spent their 12th grade in Israel as well. The Class of 1976 marked the first cohort that learned in Akiva from 1st through 12th grade. The Class of 1977 had the largest number of graduates, at 22, and five elected to attend Bar Ilan University after graduation.

In 1990, the 12th grade Israel program was cancelled. This led to the entire class of 1991 leaving the school a year early, along with most members of the Class of 1993. Remaining members of the Class of 1993 were skipped a grade and graduated along with the Class of 1992. Again in 1994, only one student was enrolled for senior year. By the 1994-1995 year, however, the transition was complete a regular 12th grade has existed in the school since. Students were widely opposed to the cancellation of the program. Reasons given for the decision were that it became widely accepted among day schools for students to spend a year in Israel post-graduation, and that the Akiva students no longer attended the same schools in Israel, so it no longer felt like an extension of the class. The principal at the time, Zev Shimansky, also felt that students were suffering from the condensed academic program during three years of high school.

Many graduates of Akiva choose to spend a year or more after graduation studying in Israel. The school also has a high aliya rate.

Locations
The original home of Yeshivat Akiva was in the Labor Zionist Building at 19161 Schaefer. The school moved from there to Young Israel of Oak-Woods, and then to the United Hebrew School "Rohlik" building at 21550 12 Mile Rd in 1971.

In 1980, having grown to 260 students, the school began negotiations to lease either the Annie Lathrup Elementary School building on Southfield Rd, or Southfield No. 10 on Berg Road. The school ended up moving to the former, and remained there until 1999. Reticence to lease the building to Akiva led to charges in the Detroit Free Press of anti-Semitism, but the Lathrup City Council approved the transaction unanimously. In 1984, Akiva purchased the building for $350,000. In 1990, the student council raised money to repair the school's old flagpole, which had been vandalized in 1985. In May 1990, the school was closed for two days due to vandals breaking in and damaging the school. In the mid-90s, Akiva began to once again outgrow its building and began looking for a new space. One option was to move back to the UHS building. At the same time, the school ran into difficulties selling its existing property to developers, due to the building's historic status and a failure of the property to be rezoned. In 1998, with the merger of Adat Shalom and Beth Achim, Akiva was able to move into the old Beth Achim building on 12 Mile Road, which took place for the start of the 1999–2000 school year. To celebrate the move, a parade was held down 12 Mile Road with the school's Torah scrolls. The school remains on that campus, though a new building was constructed in 2016.

Day camp
Starting in 1972, Akiva offered a summer day camp for ages 4–13. The camp was originally held at Congregation Bnai Torah. In the 1990s the camp was known as Camp Ruach. In the early 2000s it was called Camp Akiva, and in 2010 it joined with the JCC's Camp Discovery.

Dress code
In 1992, a uniform was instituted in Akiva, to strengthen an existing dress code. The uniform was approved by the board of directors on November 5, 1991, and polling showed an 80% approval rate among parents, though it was widely opposed by the students. The dress code had called for girls to wear blouses with sleeves and skirts below their knees, while boys were to wear pants, collared shirts, kipot and tzitzit. The uniform was eventually relaxed in the mid-1990s, and returned to being a dress code of a similar nature.

By 2011, the school had a uniform for the elementary school and a dress code for the upper school. This was done to allow students the ability to develop their own sense of style and to teach them to balance style with halachic demands.

Finances
The school has used a number of fundraising techniques over the years, including bingo games, flower sales, rummage sales, Chinese auctions and an annual dinner. In 1982 the school filed for reorganization under Chapter XI, but was able to recover and continue operating, opening with 330 students in 1982. By March, 1983, the school had exited Chapter XI after a successful reorganization. Rabbi Moshe Tendler spoke at the dinner that year.

In September 1983, the teachers of Akiva declared a strike. Twenty-two of the twenty-six teachers picketed the school, while the remaining four teachers continued to work, aided by replacements. Issues at stake were seniority policy, job security and workload. Picketing teachers were accused of violence, and in return sued the school for libel. Picketing continued for nine weeks. By November 18, six teachers had returned and fifteen remains on strike. By the middle of December, those teachers who remained on strike were fired.

In 2008, Akiva students realized that some classmates were leaving the school due to tuition costs and organized a fundraising drive to create tuition scholarships. This campaign was dubbed Lead the Way, and supports tuition-based scholarships for Akiva students. It continues to run on a yearly basis.


text:
Al-Allama al-Hilli

Jamāl ad-Dīn al-Ḥasan bin Yūsuf bin ʿAli ibn al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī (جمال الدين الحسن بن يوسف الحلي; December 1250 – December 1325), known by the honorific title al-Allāmah al-Ḥillī (العلامة الحلي, ”The Sage of Hillah”) was an Iraqi Arab scholar and one of the most influential Twelver Shi'i Muslim authors of all time and an expert in Twelver theology as well as a mujtahid. Al-Hurr al-Amili enumerated no less than 67 works by him.

Names and titles
Al-Ḥilli's name is as follows: His kunya was Abu Manṣūr and his first title was ʿAllāma “sage,” his second, Jamāl al-Dīn, and third, Jamāl al-Milla wa l-Ḥaqq wa l-Dīn. His given name was al-Ḥasan and his father's given name was Yūsuf.

Life
Al-Hilli also known as "the sage of Hilla", was born in Hillah, Iraq, commonly viewed as the centre of Shia Islam when Sunni leaders were in control over Baghdad during his lifetime. He entered into a prominent family of Shia jurists and theologians. His father, Sadid al-Din al-Hilli, was a respected mujtahid and a leading figure in the Shia community. His maternal uncle Muhaqqiq al-Hilli was also a renowned scholar.

He studied theology and Islamic jurisprudence in Hilla under the auspices of his father and his uncle and other notable scholars, including Ali ibn Tawus al-Hilli and Ahmad ibn Tawus al-Hilli. He also spent some time at the newly established Maragheh observatory, where he studied Avicennism and mathematics under Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, and was also introduced to the works of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi. Later, he travelled to Baghdad and became acquainted with the doctrines of ibn Arabi.

Among his other teachers were Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī and al-Bahrani. He also sat with Sunni scholars to study Sunni jurispridence. Like Bahrani and Tusi, Hilli was contemporary with the Mongol invasion of Persia and Mesopotamia, and played a role similar to that of his teacher.

Hilli was a prolific writer whose bibliography comprises about one hundred and twenty titles. Some of his works have been published, while the manuscripts of others have still to be found.

After mastering philosophy, theology and astrology as a pupil of the eminent scholars of his time, he began a prolific career as an authoritative writer in his own right. Some 500 works are attributed to him, although only a few have been published. He moved to Persia in 705/1305, where he became most influential in spreading Twelver Shi'ism within the Ilkhanate's court circles.

In 1305, Al-Hilli emigrated to Persia, to the court of the Il khan Öljaitü, whom it is believed he converted from Sunni Islam to Twelverism. As a result of his conversion, Öljaitü proclaimed Twelver Islamd as the state religion of Iran. Coins were minted in the names of the Twelve Imams. Both al-Hilli and his son, Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin, were engaged in extensive theological and jurisprudential debates with the local Sunni scholars. Having impressed the Ilkhan, he was appointed to the traveling madrasa sayyara. Al-Hilli, however, eventually returned to his hometown and spent the last years of his life teaching there.

Intellectual output
According to some sources, Al-Hilli wrote more than a thousand works (including short treatises and epistles) on Islamic law, jurisprudence, theology and tafsir, or Qur'anic commentary. Of these, about sixty are still extant. Yet, only eight of these are published. They are “regarded by the Imami Shi'ia as the most authentic expositions of their dogma and practice”. The popularity and influence of his writings on later scholars are demonstrated by the large number of manuscripts and great number of commentaries written on them. He himself is the best source of information on his own works as he has recorded all of his writings up to the year 1294 in his biographical work Khulasat ul-Aqwal (The Summary of Opinions).

Theology
In theology, Al-Hilli was acquainted with the Basran school of Mu'tazilism, as his earliest writing on theology Manhaj ul-Yaqin fi Usul il-Din, demonstrates. He was also deeply influenced by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, and wrote a commentary on the latter's famous Tajrid ul-I'tiqad. This commentary is one of al-Hilli's most widely read works, being the first commentary written on the Tajrid and thus forming the basis of later commentators understanding of Tusi's work. Also due to his work in Tajrid ul-I'tiqad, Al-Hilli has been noted as one of the first Shia Imamiyyah scholars to use the term, ijtihad (i’tiqad) in the sense of “putting in of the utmost effort in acquiring the knowledge of the laws of the Shariah”. From this point Shia accepted this term.

Another of his most famous theological works is The Eleventh Chapter (the title is an allusion to an earlier work of his, Manhaj ul-Salat, which was composed of ten chapters), which he composed towards the end of his life as a concise summary of Shia doctrines for the learned lay person (rather than aspiring scholars). Judging by the number of commentaries written on it, and its translation into Persian and English, it represents his most popular work.

He wrote several polemical treatises during his time at the court of the Ilkhan. These were largely directed against Sunni, Ash'arite theology. In them, he was largely concerned with espousing and defending the Shia view of the Imamate and Mutazilite notions of free will (as opposed to Asharite determinism). He was also acquainted with Avicennan and Ishraqi philosophy. He wrote several works of his own, dealing with subjects such as logic, physics, metaphysics and mathematics. In general he is very critical of the opinions held by Islamic philosophers and sets out to rebut them whenever they appear to disagree with mainstream theology. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, “his services were so much appreciated by the Shi'is that soon after his death his grave in Mashhad became one of the centres of veneration for those who go on pilgrimage to the tomb of Imam 'Ali-al-Rida”.

Jurisprudence
Al-Hilli's role in shaping the Twelver principles of Islamic jurisprudence is very important. He produced a voluminous legal corpus as well as several works and commentaries. Two of the most important works are al-Mukhtalaf "The Disagreement," and al-Muntaha "The End". Al-Mukhtalaf is a legal manual devoted to addressing legal questions in which the Twelver jurists hold differing opinions, whereas al-Muntaha is a systematic and detailed exposition of al-Hilli's legal opinions. He also wrote a summarized legal manual, Qawa'id ul-Ahkam, which was popular amongst later scholars, judging by the number of commentaries that would be written on it. Among his later legal works is Tadhkirat al-Fuqaha, a legal manual intended for use by lay persons. He also composed legal works on specific issues such as hajj or salat.

Al-Ḥillī's contribution to jurisprudence, the Mabādiʾ al-wuṣūl ilā ʿilm al-uṣūl was translated in a dual Arabic-English edition as The Foundations of Jurisprudence: An Introduction to Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory by Sayyid Amjad H. Shah Naqavi and published by the Shīʿa Institute Press's Classical Shīʿah Library imprint in collaboration with Brill Publishers in 2016. According to Naqavi, al-Ḥillī's "Mabādiʾ is a veritable summa of jurisprudence that offers a concise, and highly condensed, overview of the entire subject of jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh), as well as a vista from which to fully survey the state of jurisprudential theory in both the era of the author and in that leading up to it." In his introduction, Naqavi states that the first chapter of the Mabādiʾ concerns the philosophy of language, including discussions regarding "the nature of the relationship between meaning (or sense) and reference, that is, how the semantic properties of an utterance relate to its syntactic properties, the relationship between meaning and use, the question of wheth- er or not connotation outstrips denotation, as well as an extended inquiry into, and theorisation upon, the proposed origins of language." Language is key to al-Ḥillī's jurisprudential thinking because, as Naqavi says, "all subsequent discussions in the Mabādiʾ depend on how the revealed word of the Qurʾān, as well as the recorded Prophetic and Imāmic utterances, are to be practically interpreted and understood for the purposes of jurisprudential theory—an inquiry which is as much to do with language, as it is with theology".

The second chapter in Foundations of Jurisprudence concerns al-Ḥillī's examination of rulings (al-aḥkām), and includes discussions of "the ethical evaluation and analyses of an action, the correspondent rulings that will therefore be applied to it, the conditions according to which the ruling for an action can be qualified by its manner of performance, and other related matters, with a view to articulating how these in turn inform the status of an action's ruling."

As Naqavi notes, the third chapter in the Mabādiʾ, entitled 'On the Commands (al-awāmir) and Prohibitions (al-nawāhī)', begins 'with a linguistic inquiry into which utterances constitute a command; viz. a discussion of the differences of opinion regarding the quiddity of speech and the imperative form of the verb. ʿAllāmah then offers intensely detailed mapping and typology of the different kinds of obligation which utterances can produce and brings to the fore the specificities of different commands and their various modalities.'

The Mabādiʾ contains further chapters on: Commands (al-awāmir) and Prohibitions (al-nawāhī), Generality (al-ʿumūm) and Specificity (al- khuṣūṣ), Ambiguous (al-mujmal) and the Elucidated (al-mubayyan), Actions (al-afʿāl), Abrogation (al-naskh), Consensus (al-ijmāʿ), Narrations (al-akhbār), Analogical Reasoning (al-qiyās), Preferment (al-tarjīḥ), and Juristic Reasoning (al-ijtihād) and its Dependents.

For Naqavi, al-Ḥillī's 'contribution to the development of Imāmī legal theory and the distinctive stance he takes upon certain jurisprudential matters [...] can be summarised in the following manner', namely that 'ʿAllāmah upholds: the principle of indifferency (al-ibāḥah) regarding the state of all things prior to the revelation of divine law (al-sharʿ); that some utterances are legally veritative (al-ḥaqīqah al-sharʿiyyah); that the command (al-amr) neither signifies a one-off (al-marrah) nor a repeat performance (al-takrār); that with respect to social interactions the prohibition (al-nahy) does not demand the unsoundness (al-fasād) of the thing which is prohibited; that the utterances of generality (alfāẓ al-ʿumūm) are assigned for the arrival at a general meaning (al-maʿnā al-ʿāmm); that it is permissible to act in accordance (taʿabbud) with the solitary narration on the basis of intellection (ʿaql) and the divine law (sharʿ); and that the term juristic reasoning (al-ijtihād) ought to be understood according to the new nomenclature (iṣṭilāḥ) first employed by his uncle al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī: as an utmost scientific endeavour undertaken in order to infer a legal ruling (al-ḥukm al-sharʿī) from the evidence.'

Works
One of his works on the concept of the Shia Imamate (Minhaj al-karamah) was criticized by the Sunni scholar Ibn Taymiyyah in his nine volume work Minhaaj As-Sunnah An-Nabawiyyah. Besides various treatises on religious law, 'Allamah established a systematic version of the science of tradition (hadith and akhbar), based on principles which were later to antagonise the usuliyun and the akhbariyun. In the kalam tradition, he left a commentary on one of the first treatises to be written by one of the oldest Imamite mutakallimun, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al Nawbakhti, who died about 350/961. Similarly, he wrote commentaries on the two treatises by Nasir mentioned above, Tajrid and Qawa'id-commentaries which have been read and re-read, studied and commentated by generations of scholars. He left a summary of the vast commentary by his teacher Maytham al-Bahrani on the Nahj al-Balagha. Using the methods both of a man of the kalam and of a philosopher, he wrote studies on Avicenna's Al-Isharat wa-‘l-tanbihat (Remarks and Admonitions) and Kitab Al-Shifaʾ (The Book of Healing); attempted to solve the difficulties (hill al-mushkilat) of al-Suhrawardi's Kitab al-talwihat (Book of Elucidations); wrote a treatise comparing (tanasub) the Ash'arites and the Sophists; two other encyclopaedic treatises, The Hidden Secrets (al-Asar al-khaffyah) in philosophical sciences, the autographed version of which is at Najaf, and a Complete Course of Instruction (Ta'lim tamm) on philosophy and the kalam, etc. He casts doubt on the principle Ex Uno non fit nisi Unum (only One can proceed from the One), as his teacher Nasir Tusi, inspired by al-Suhrawardi, had done before him, and he concedes the existence of an intra-substantial motion which heralds the theory of Mulla Sadra.

His most notable works are the following:

 * 1) Kashf al-Yaqin fi Faḍā'il Amīr al-Mu'minīn , a short treatise on the excellence of Ali ('Alī Ibn Abī Ṭālib').
 * 2) Kihalastah al-Nisab, a treatise on the descendants of Ali, Alawi. This treatise also includes the descendants of Ali who migrated to other countries after the rise of Umayyad Caliphate.
 * 3) Minhāj al-Salat fi kktisar al-Misbah, a work on religious duties especially prayer.
 * 4) Minhaj al-karamah, a vindication of the Shia doctrine on Imamate.
 * 5) Manāhij al-yaqīn fi uṣūl al-dīn, a treatise on the fundamental principles of the Shia creed.
 * 6) Ma'ārij al-Fahm, a commentary by the author on his own work Nazm al Barahin.
 * 7) Nahj Al Haq Va Kashf Al Sedq, a refutation of the theology and legal system of the Sunnis.
 * 8) Naẓm al Barāhīn fi Uṣūl al-Dīn, a work on scholastic theology.
 * 9) Tadhkirat al-Fuqahā, a work on Shia jurisprudence in three volumes.
 * 10) Tahḏhīb al-wuṣūl ilā ʿilm al-uṣūl.
 * 11) Qawāʾid al-Aḥkām
 * 12) “Muḵḫtalaf al-Shīʾa fī Aḥkām al-Sharīʾa,” a work describing points of legal disagreement among the jurists.

Professors

 * Sadīd al-Dīn, Yūsuf bin ʿAli bin al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī (father).
 * al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī.
 * Raḍhī al-Dīn, ʿAli bin Mūsa bin Ṭawwūs al-Ḥussainī.
 * Jamāl al-Dīn, Aḥmad bin Mūsa bin Ṭawwūs al-Ḥussainī.
 * Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī.
 * Yaḥyā bin Saʾīd al-Ḥillī.
 * Mufīd al-Dīn, Muḥammad bin Juhaym al-Assadī al-Ḥillī.
 * Jamāl al-Dīn, al-Ḥussain bin Abān al-Naḥwī.
 * Muḥammad bin Muḥammad bin Aḥmad al-Kayshī.
 * Najm al-Dīn, ʿAli bin Omar al-Kātibī.
 * Burhān al-Dīn al-Nasafī.
 * ʿIzz al-Dīn al-Fārūqī al-Wāsiṭī.
 * Taqī al-Dīn, Abdullāh bin Jaʾfar al-Ṣabbāgh al-Ḥanafī al-Kūfī.

title: Al-Allama al-Hilli


text:
Talk:Drop the Dead Donkey

Gus
I moved Gus to the top of the character list, not necessarily because he's the most important character, but because much of the show is based around the friction that arises between him and other characters, as can be evidenced by mention of him in three of the other profiles (and that's just before his position in the old page). sheridan 00:41, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)

Adjustments
Made a few adjustments, a little bit of rewording, fleshed out some of the character descriptions just a smidgen, and altered 'Royston' to 'Roysten'. - 207.195.254.155 18:53, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:DropTheDeadDonkey.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 20:30, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Title
The first series was broadcast after a spate of reports on British TV news about "animal cruelty" overseas. It was obvious *at the time* the title was a dig at the perceived "dumbing-down" of TV news. But it was so obvious at the time, finding cites to back it up might be difficult... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.25.123.126 (talk) 02:43, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

It was obviously based on the "Blackie the Donkey" furore
 * Animal rights campaigner Vicki Moore saved Blackie the donkey from a Spanish village in 1987. The Star was the victor in a vicious tabloid battle to get the scoop on Blackie. The newspaper brought the lucky donkey to Britain, and he lived at the Donkey Sanctuary in Sidmouth, Devon until he died in May 1993.

This would have been a fresh memory when the series was in planning. Drutt (talk) 18:28, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

 * According to the writers, Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin, this is a myth and the title is not based on any story. It was meant to sound like some that might be said under pressure in a newsroom. ISD (talk) 18:33, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

 * That sounds suspiciously like the writers distancing themselves from a decision they thought a good idea at the time, but that now embarasses them. Admittedly, proving that would be very difficult, so is - as per tradition - left as an exercise for the reader. :)

 * 86.25.123.196 (talk) 08:13, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

It does seem that way. I wonder why they are reluctant to admit it? Danceswithzerglings (talk) 11:30, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

Detailed account of the affair here ("Pick up the dead donkey"). This story was all over the British newspapers in the spring of 1987. I wonder if it deserves its own Wikipedia article? Danceswithzerglings (talk) 16:42, 25 August 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drop the Dead Donkey


text:
Four-Calendar Café

Four-Calendar Café is the seventh studio album by Scottish band Cocteau Twins, released on 18 October 1993 by Fontana Records. It marks their first release since leaving their former record label, 4AD, and the first album since their 1990 critically acclaimed sixth album Heaven or Las Vegas. Two singles were released to promote the album, "Evangeline" (September 1993) and "Bluebeard" (February 1994). A performance to promote "Bluebeard" on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno marked their debut performance on American television.

Background
The album distinguishes itself from the rest of the Twins' catalogue in two major areas: The sound is much more pop-oriented and less ambient than previous works, and vocalist Elizabeth Fraser's lyrics are more intelligible than usual. Their single "Evangeline" was a moderate hit in several countries. "Bluebeard" was a moderate success on the United States modern charts. The album took its title from William Least Heat-Moon's book Blue Highways, in which the author considers the quality of a restaurant by how many calendars it has hanging on its wall.

The cover image was taken by Walter Wick, who is known for his photography for the children's book series I Spy. The picture is a set of various small objects scattered across a dark blue background. Inside the booklet, the objects are scattered across a white background. Commenting on the background and recording process of the album, Guthrie claimed "I’ve consciously been stripping things back. In the past, I’ve always wanted one more overdub, one more melody, because I’m terrible for thinking that my music isn’t good enough. So if I put in a few more frilly overdubs, then it’ll be all right. These one’s are more substantial. The ideas are more focused". Leader singer Fraser said "I tend to go from one extreme to the other. To go from an album like ‘Blue Bell Knoll,’ which is so heavily disguised and removed from reality to ‘Heaven or Las Vegas,’ or even more to this one, where everything on it is in English and it’s all audible…it is extreme, I think. But it seems important for me to do that". Raymonde also spoke highly of the album, claiming that "I think it’s an amazing record, and I think people will probably realise that many, many years in the future. It was such a departure from what we’d done before. And the fact that it wasn’t on 4AD, and the fact that we’d jumped ship and we were on the other side, with the enemy, on a major label, I think people were sort of like, ‘Oh, that can’t be any good.’ But I think in time people will realise what a great album ‘Four-Calendar Café’ is. Because I think it’s beautiful".

NME named it the 46th best record of 1993.

Release and promotion
Four–Calendar Cafe was released on 18 October 1993 by Fontana Records, their first album since leaving record label 4AD, under which their previous studio album, Heaven or Las Vegas (1990), was released. Two singles were released from the album – "Evangeline" as the lead single on 20 September 1993, and "Bluebeard" as the second and final single on 14 February 1994. To promote the album, Robin Guthrie appeared on MTV's 120 Minutes, marking the first television interview by a member of the band in the United States. As part of the promotion, the band performed "Bluebeard" on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.

Critical performance
Upon its release, the album received generally positive reviews from music critics. AllMusic said "Four-Calendar Café is also, tellingly, their most earthbound effort; as with Heaven or Las Vegas, the emphasis here is on substance as much as style -- "Evangeline," "Bluebeard," and "Know Who You Are at Every Age" continue the trio's advance into more accessible melodic and lyrical ground without sacrificing even an ounce of their trademark ethereality". Pitchfork commented on the album saying "Four-Calendar Café is full of trauma’s echoes".

Sales and commercial performance
In the United Kingdom, the album debuted at number thirteen on the UK Albums Charts on week ending 24 October 1993, spending a total of three weeks within the UK Top 100 Albums Charts. In the United States, it debuted at number seventy-eight on the US Billboard 200 charts, spending a total of three weeks within the top 200. As of 1996, it had sold 146,000 copies in the U.S. according to Nielsen SoundScan.

It also spent three weeks within the albums chart in New Zealand, following a peak position of number twenty-two, and also reached number forty-five on the European Top 100 Albums charts.

Track listing
All songs written by Cocteau Twins.
 * 1) "Know Who You Are at Every Age" – 3:42
 * 2) "Evangeline" – 4:31
 * 3) "Bluebeard" – 3:56
 * 4) "Theft, and Wandering Around Lost" – 4:30
 * 5) "Oil of Angels" – 4:38
 * 6) "Squeeze-Wax" – 3:49
 * 7) "My Truth" – 4:34
 * 8) "Essence" – 3:02
 * 9) "Summerhead" – 3:39
 * 10) "Pur" – 5:02

Personnel

 * Elizabeth Fraser - vocals
 * Robin Guthrie - guitar
 * Simon Raymonde - bass

 * Additional personnel
 * Lincoln Fong - additional engineering

Cover versions
The songs "Bluebeard" and "Know Who You Are at Every Age" were covered by Cantopop artist Faye Wong for her 1994 album Wu Si Lyun Seung or Random Thoughts. "Bluebeard" was renamed to become the album's title track, and "Know Who You Are at Every Age" became "Ji Gei Ji Bei" (or "Know Yourself and Each Other"). Wong's cover version of "Bluebeard" was featured in the film Chungking Express, in which she also starred.

title: Four-Calendar Café


text:
User talk:Oscar 6

Hello Oscar,

I left a reply for your question on my talk page. :) I don't know any Russian (except 'Da'), but enjoy yourself here!

Edededed 00:43, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

One more reply! :P Also, I imitated your Babel-wiki-thingy. Cool!

Edededed 00:31, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yep, I noticed your reply.

 * Wow, aren't you a polyglot! :-))

 * --Oscar 6 19:59, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Oscar 6


text:
Talk:Bojnice

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title: Talk:Bojnice


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Mount Bethel Church (Three Churches, West Virginia)

Mount Bethel Church is a Presbyterian church located at the junction of County Route 5 (Jersey Mountain Road) and County Route 5/4 (Three Churches Hollow Road) in the unincorporated community of Three Churches north of Romney in Hampshire County, West Virginia, United States.

History
In 1792, a group of Presbyterians established a church near Mount Bethel's current location. It was first called the Mountain Church in 1808 and soon became the center of Presbyterian work in Hampshire County under the auspices of the Reverend John Lyle. The Reverend James Black reorganized the congregation in 1812 and it was renamed Mount Bethel. The present church, built of logs in 1837, is the oldest house of worship in Hampshire County.


text:
American Constitution Society

The American Constitution Society (ACS) is a progressive legal organization. ACS was created as a counterweight to, and is modeled after, the Federalist Society, and is often described as its progressive counterpart.

ACS hosts conferences, sponsors chapters of law students and practicing attorneys, engages in education projects, and advocates for progressive judicial nominations.

Founded in 2001 following the U.S. Supreme Court decision Bush v. Gore, ACS is headquartered in Washington, D.C. Former Democratic U.S. Senator Russ Feingold has served as the organization's president since 2020. Feingold announced he would step down as president effective April 1, 2025.

The group's stated mission is "to support and advocate for laws and legal systems that redress the founding failures of our Constitution, strengthen our democratic legitimacy, uphold the rule of law, and realize the promise of equality for all, including people of color, women, LGBTQ+ people, people with disabilities, and other historically excluded communities."

History and leadership
The American Constitution Society was founded in 2001 by Peter J. Rubin, a jurist who served as counsel to Al Gore in the legal battle over the 2000 election. The group was originally known as the Madison Society for Law and Policy. The organization was formed as a counterweight to the conservative Federalist Society. It was founded in order to build a network of progressive lawyers and foster new avenues of progressive legal thought. ACS received its initial funding from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. The Democracy Alliance lists ACS as a recommended funding recipient.

In 2008, ACS's executive director, Lisa Brown, went on leave to serve on the Barack Obama transition team. She headed the president-elect's agency review team and later served as the first White House Staff Secretary in the Obama White House.

Members of the organization's board of directors have included David Halperin, a speechwriter in the Bill Clinton administration who also served as the organization's founding executive director from 2001 to 2003; and Eric Holder, former Attorney General of the United States. Among the organization's former board chairs is California Supreme Court Judge Goodwin Liu.

Activities
In 2009, ACS published Keeping Faith with the Constitution by Pamela S. Karlan, Goodwin Liu, and Christopher H. Schroeder. It was re-issued by Oxford University Press in 2010. The book serves as a primer for progressives interested in promoting liberal constitutionalism.

On November 14, 2018, the American Constitution Society released a letter signed by over 1,600 attorneys nationwide calling for lawmakers and Justice Department officials to protect the special counsel's Russia probe in light of Matthew Whitaker's appointment as acting attorney general. The signatories call for Whitaker to recuse himself or "otherwise be removed from overseeing the Mueller investigation as a result of his profound ethical conflicts."

In 2019, Politico magazine published an article by legal academic Evan Mandery titled "Why There's No Liberal Federalist Society." The article noted that while the ACS's operations mirror the Federalist Society's, "The playing field is decidedly not level. The Federalist Society has more student chapters, more than twice as many lawyer chapters and a huge fundraising edge. In 2016, ACS had total revenues of approximately $6.5 million, while the Federalist Society took in $26.7 million. And the relative impact of the organizations can hardly be compared. The federal and state judiciaries are filled with Federalist judges, but there are no 'ACS' judges to be found on the Supreme Court or the federal benches. It's just not a thing." Mandery writes that the liberal legal academy "hasn't come up with an easily digestible rival idea" to the originalism of the Federalist Society, and that the ACS's "focus on outcomes rather than first principles immediately colors it with politics."

title: American Constitution Society


text:
Louis Koo

Louis Koo Tin-lok (born 21 October 1970) is a Hong Kong actor, singer and film producer. He began his professional career as an actor in local television series, receiving recognition for his roles in The Condor Heroes 95 (1995), Detective Investigation Files IV (1999), and A Step into the Past (2001). After 2001, Koo shifted his focus to films and became one of the stalwarts of the Hong Kong film industry.

His notable film credits include Rob-B-Hood (2006), Run Papa Run (2008), Connected (2008), Overheard (2009), Drug War (2012), The White Storm (2013), Paradox (2017), and A Witness Out of the Blue (2019). For his performance in Paradox, Koo was awarded the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor, Asian Film Award for Best Actor and the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild Award for Best Actor.

Early life
Koo Tin-lok was born in Hong Kong on 21 October 1970, and educated there. His father was an actor who later became a businessman. Koo is an alumnus of St. Teresa's School Kowloon and Carmel Secondary School.

Teenage life
Koo, along with his friends, were convicted by the court because of robbing in November 1990. Koo was sentenced to 22 months in the Correctional Services Lai King Training Centre. He neither mentioned nor acknowledged the event to the public after joining the entertainment industry, only after being exposed by the media in 1994.

Career
During 1992 to 1993, Koo was a modelling agent, sometimes he worked as a model for advertisements and karaoke videos.

Television actor
In 1993, Koo signed as a contract artist with TVB (Television Broadcasts Limited).

Koo started gaining wide recognition in 1995 with his leading role in a costume drama The Condor Heroes 95, a popular series based on a classic wuxia novel. In 1997, Koo began sporting an extreme tan (for which he is well known), which apparently enabled him to take on more contemporary roles. In 1999, Koo received TVB's Most Popular Actor Award for Detective Investigation Files IV. In 2000, Koo received TVB's Most Favorite Character Award for At the Threshold of an Era ll. Koo took a different approach to his role in A Step Into the Past. This deviation from his usual cool aloof on-screen persona to a funnier, carefree and down-to-earth one resonated with the audience and widened his acting range. In 2001, Koo was given TVB's Most Popular Actor Award and Favorite Character Award Award once again for A Step into the Past. He then went on an indefinite hiatus from television and has since focused on his film career.

Due to the popularity of TVB dramas in the late 1990s, Koo amassed a sizeable fan base in Hong Kong, Taiwan, mainland China and South-east Asia.

Film actor
Since 1994, Koo began taking on roles in films, such as the paranormal Troublesome Night series and many action films including Wilson Yip's Bullets Over Summer (1999). Koo acted as a mute boy living on rural island in romantic literary film Sealed with a Kiss (1998).

During 2001 to 2004, Koo signed contract with China Star Entertainment Group and starred in many romantic comedies, such as La Brassiere and Naked Ambition.

In 2004, Koo took on the role of Sze-to Bo, a perpetually drunk and despondent former judo champion with hereditary eye disease, in Johnnie To’s Throw Down which was premiered at the 61st Venice International Film Festival. The movie was a marked departure from his usual commercial genres, and he also began his long-term collaboration with To and Milkyway Image.

Koo later received international acclaim for his chilling performance in Johnnie To's Election 2 (a.k.a. Triad Election), which was screened at the "Out of Competition" section at the 59th Cannes Film Festival (Election was competitive film at the 58th Cannes Film Festival). He won the award for Most Beloved Actor in the Hong Kong UA Film Awards 2006 through public voting for his role in Election 2.

In a female perspective romantic film Happy Birthday (2006) adapted by Sylvia Chang from 'Rene Liu's novella, Koo portrayed a sensitive man who continued to take care of his ex-girlfriend after his death.

Koo also took supporting roles in action movies, such as Jackie Chan's Robin B Hood (2006), Donnie Yen's Flash Point (2007).

His character as an unscrupulous drug addict in Derek Yee's Protégé (2007) differed from his previous performances, as he forwent his suave image for an emaciated look. The supporting role earned him positive critical feedback and Best Supporting Actor nominations at the Hong Kong Film Awards and the Golden Horse Awards.

In Sylvia Chang's female perspective gangster film Run Papa Run (2008), Koo played a reckless triad leader who tried to shield his daughter from his past misdemeanours. Koo earned Best Actor nominations in the Hong Kong Film Awards and Golden Horse Award for this role, which required him to portray a character from his late teens to his fifties. Since then Koo took more challenging father roles and middle-aged roles.

In the remake of Cellular, Connected (2008) directed by Benny Chan, he played an average Joe cast in a race against time to save a stranger.

In Soi Cheang's Accident (2009) which was a competitive film at the 66th Venice International Film Festival, Koo acted as a highly-strung killer-group leader who was good at disguising murders as accidents.

In Overheard (2009) directed by Alan Mak and Felix Chong, he put on 30 pounds’ weight to take the role of a middle-aged cop and father of four more convincingly, and earned Best Actor nominations in Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards. This film was successful and was then made into a series with the same cast and directors but different stories.

In 2010 Koo signed pre-paid contracts with Pegasus Motion Pictures, then appeared in its All's well, ends well comedy series, and it's anti-corruption film series (Z Storm, S Storm).

In costume A Chinese Ghost Story (2011), Koo acted as a Chinese Taoist "Exorcist" who fell in love with a fox-fairy and sacrificed himself in the end. Koo made a return to his romantic comedy roots in Don't Go Breaking My Heart and sequel Don't Go Breaking My Heart 2 (2014) directed by Johnnie To and Wai Ka-Hui, acting as a dissolute stock broker.

In Drug War (2012) directed by Johnnie To, Koo took on the role of a ruthless and deliberate Hong Kong drug lord who dared to do anything to get away from mainland China's death penalty.

Koo received a Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor nomination again for his undercover cop role in Benny Chan's 2013 film The White Storm.

In Out of Inferno (2013), Koo acted as a resigned firefighter who encountered a fire in a high-rise building.

In Overheard 3 (2014), he acted as a revenger with artificial limb.

In Soi Cheang's SPL II: A Time for Consequences (2015), Koo took the role of an ill and evil mastermind of a criminal organization. In Johnnie To's Three (2016), Koo acted as a cop leader at the edge of crime.

In Shed Skin Papa (2017), a competitive film at the 29th Tokyo International Film Festival, Koo acted as a frustrated director who came to understand his father after his mother's funeral and a series of fantastic incidents.

In Paradox (2017), Koo played a cop who was determined to avenge his daughter, and performed most of the film's action sequences without the use of a stunt double. For his performance in the film, Koo won Asian Film Award for Best Actor at the 12th Asian Film Awards as well the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild Award for Best Actor at the 12th Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild Award in March 2018. Koo's performance also won him the Best Actor award at the 37th Hong Kong Film Awards held on 15 April 2018.

Film producer
Koo was captivated by Star Wars film series when he was a child. After a decades-long acting career in the film industry, he anticipated the rise of China's own Sci-fi films, so he purchased several Visual effects and Prosthetic make-up companies. In 2013, Koo founded "One Cool Group Limited". As of 2018, One Cool Group has produced 20 films. The sci-fi action film Warriors of Future, which Koo produced and stars in, was released on 25 August 2022.

One Cool Group was to set up an entertainment company with Media Asia in 2021, forming a new group named Cool Style. Investors included Hong Kong model and actress Angelababy Yang Ying, Angelababy's agent Kim Chou and Hong Kong film director Stephen Fung’s production company Film Magic Pictures. Cool Style's business scope includes artist management and related businesses aiming to cultivate new forces with abundant resources and platforms.

Koo was able to acquire the rights of the series A Step into the Past in 2015 and adapt it for the big screen - Back to the Past. Production for the film officially wrapped on 7 July 2019. Koo will also star in the film reprising his role from the series.

In 2021, Koo served as executive producer for two Hollywood animation films, The Mitchells vs. the Machines and Vivo, with the former being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 94th Academy Awards.

Koo will be also be executive producing the upcoming The Garfield Movie, set for theatrical release on 24 May 2024.

Social work in film industry
Koo has been the ambassador of Hong Kong International Film Festival from 2014 to 2018.

In 2015, Koo joined the board of Fresh Wave International Short Film Festival held in Hong Kong.

In Jan 2018, Koo was elected as the president of Hong Kong Performing Artistes Guild.

Writer
Koo has published several books over the years including his photo albums Present (1999) and Cool (2001), as well as his autobiography Find Happiness (2002). He also released Toys Battle (2008), a book chronicling his love for comic book characters and movie superheroes, and donated all proceeds to UNICEF. Koo has been writing blogs everyday on his own website since December 2006.

Singer
Koo recorded several theme songs for the TVB dramas he had starred in and several TV advertisement songs he had endorsed. He had also cut four albums: Boyfriend and Popular Louis in 2000, optimism in 2001, Mr.Cool in 2003.

Designer
Koo was a designer of his own eyewear brand ZeroX, Level Nine, and Louis Koo. He also participated in designs of his own books, websites, company logos and some endorsed brands.

Brand spokesperson
With a career spanning two decades, Koo has endorsed a large number of brands in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Some of the major brand endorsements include, Pepsi, Brooks Brothers, Samsung Galaxy, Xbox 360 Kinect, Toyota Corolla, Yokohama Tire, Lay's, Lipton, Lotte chewing gum, Tropicana, Gillette, OSIM, Tag Heuer, Epson printer, Matisse, Johnnie Walker, Pentax camera, Clinique, Hugo Boss Perfume, Bally, Puma, DBS Black World MasterCard.

Charity
In July 2012, Chinese microblogs caught on to the news of Koo's low profile philanthropy in China, which became a trending topic, more and more people born in different remote rural areas found that local elementary schools were built with donation of Koo, and upload photos to the microblogs. Major Chinese dailies further reported that he had helped build 49 schools to help the underprivileged in remote areas in rural China for the past three years without any publicity. Koo was reluctant to comment on the issue but it was learnt that Koo set up his charity foundation after witnessing the devastation from the Sichuan earthquake in 2008. According to "Grace charity" website, Koo has helped build 97 elementary school buildings, 18 clinics and 751 small water supply projects in remote undeveloped areas of rural China through "Grace Charity Foundation Limited" and local government by 2017.

Koo is also a UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) ambassador since 2007.

Honors
In 2018, 55382 Kootinlok, a main-belt asteroid discovered by Bill Yeung at the Desert Eagle Observatory in 2001, was named in honor of Koo.

On May 20, 2021, Weibo Starlight Awards 2020 ceremony was held online. The winners were all over the world, including Koo, Katy Perry, Taylor Swift, Takuya Kimura, etc. Koo, was awarded the "Starlight of Fame (Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan)" and "Starlight Influential Actor of the Year".

In 2023, Koo was honoured by New York Asian Film Festival with Extraordinary Star Asia Award.

title: Louis Koo


text:
User:Dwward

David W. Ward is a physicist at Harvard University. He received his B.S. in Physics from the College of Charleston in 1999 (research advisor: Kristin Krantzman and Jeff Wragg) and his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Physical Chemistry in 2005 (research advisor: Keith A. Nelson, thesis committee: Robert W. Field, Keith A. Nelson, and Robert G. Griffin). His thesis work was in founding the field of polaritonics. Currently he is working in the field of single molecule spectroscopy with Sunney Xie at Harvard University, and theoretical aspects of negative refractive materials with Kevin J. Webb at Purdue University. More information is available on him at http://www.davidward.org

title: User:Dwward


text:
C.E.D'oh

"C.E.D'oh" is the fifteenth episode of the fourteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 16, 2003.

Plot
A sleepy Marge is too tired on Valentine's Day to have sex with an eager and well-prepared Homer, who dejectedly leaves the house. He sees a billboard for a school offering extension courses. He goes to the school and attempts to take a course on stripping for his wife, which Dr. Hibbert teaches, but is kicked out for hogging the stripping oil. By accident, Homer winds up in a different class that teaches strategies for workplace success.

Inspired by the lessons, he begins to investigate problems at the power plant and propose solutions to Mr. Burns, who rejects them all without reading them. Homer later overhears Burns state that he has made a canary named Canary M. Burns the legal owner of the plant in order to avoid any consequences of wrongdoing.

The canary's middle name has never been revealed.

With help from Bart, he devises a plan to overthrow Burns by setting the canary free.

Homer tricks Burns into believing that a team of inspectors is visiting to check conditions at the plant; when Burns is unable to find the canary, he panics and names Homer as the new owner. Homer's first act is to throw Burns from the office balcony, allowing a throng of employees in the parking lot to crowd-surf him into a waiting taxi. Burns and Smithers flee to Marrakesh, Morocco, intent on purchasing a large quantity of opium.

The responsibilities of running the plant soon force Homer to spend most of his time at work instead of with the family, and he becomes miserable after having to lay off employees and listen to business analysts discuss the plant's troubles. Burns visits Homer one night (informing him that Smithers has been sentenced to 80 years in prison for drug possession) and takes him to the cemetery, showing him the graves of people whose relationships with Burns suffered because he worked so much - including his wife. Homer decides to return ownership of the plant to Burns, who drugs him into unconsciousness and begins to wall him up inside one of the cemetery crypts. However, he is so slow and weak at building the wall that Homer easily steps over the few bricks he has laid after waking up. Leaving the plant in Burns' hands, Homer returns home to have a barbecue with his family and enjoy his old life again.

Production
The live-action flipbook couch gag was actually intended for another episode but it was placed into this one instead. The couch gag director Mike Polcino hired a hand model to play the part of the animator. It was a reference to the way animators flip through recently drawn images to make sure the action flows properly. As the chosen couch gag is often dependent on the length of the episode, this relatively short one was placed into C.E.D'oh, a longer Simpsons episode than the one it was originally intended for.

The writers said that they did not want to watch characters "walking around" as it was not funny, and instead wanted them to "go from joke to joke". They however note that the entire act one closer consists of Homer wandering through town seeing things. They justify it by explaining that a "sweet romantic" mood is being built, and that a slower pace was needed.

Steve Moore posed for the scene where Snake strangles inmate Terrance, only for Homer to misinterpret it as love.

Another suggestion for Dr Hibbert's stripper name that was pitched besides "Malcolm Sex" (which made it into the episode) was "Crispus Buttocks". In this scene, where Hibbert leads a "Strip For Your Wife" seminar on Valentine's Day, the team included regulars rather than Simpson-ised extras. This led to random cameos such as Cletus and one of the mobsters.

Edwin Aguilar did all the animation for the Legoland sequence, yet he is not featured in the episode's credits.

According to Al Jean, Matt Groening pitched the joke where Homer puts a blanket over Mr Burns after his failed attempt to brick Homer up.

Cultural references
In the episode, Lenny and Carl begin to fight each other with plutonium rods, simulating lightsabers. They fight over whether The Phantom Menace or Attack of the Clones "sucked more".

The prank that is pulled in American Graffiti is parodied in the Itchy & Scratchy short "Bleeder of the Pack". At the end of "Bleeder of the Pack" Scratchy is involved in an airplane crash together with Ritchie Valens, Buddy Holly and The Big Bopper, which is a reference to the plane crash that killed all three on February 3, 1959.

Homer's mixtape for Marge (which is accidentally swapped with a mixtape he made for Maggie) features the song "Sex Bomb" by Tom Jones.

Legoland is referenced when Smithers says Mr. Burns has dumped nuclear waste under it for years.

The scene where Ned Flanders stares at Homer and Marge at night from his bedroom window, in the dark with the cigar lit, is a parody of Rear Window.

The scene where Mr Burns attempts to brick Homer up is a satire of The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe.

The episode ends with the theme song to the 1969-1972 show The Courtship of Eddie's Father.

The head of the "Successmanship 101" seminar, played by Hank Azaria, is a parody of Alec Baldwin's character in the film Glengarry Glen Ross.

Bart exclaims "Look at me! I'm Tomokazu Ohka of the Montreal Expos!" while playing baseball, to which Milhouse replies "Well, I'm Esteban Yan of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays!", referencing the relative obscurity of the two pitchers and their respective teams. The Expos would relocate to Washington, D.C. a year later and the Devil Rays would rebrand to the Rays four years later.

The episode title is a reference to the corporate position of Chief Executive Officer.

Also, when Dr. Hibbert tells Homer to take a quarter to call his mother and tell her that he will never be a stripper, this is a reference to the movie The Paper Chase, in which Professor Kingsfield tells the Harvard Law student James Hart: "Mr. Hart, here is a dime. Take it, call your mother, and tell her there is serious doubt about you ever becoming a lawyer."

Critical reception
In 2014, The Simpsons writers picked "Bleeder of the Pack" from this episode as one of their nine favorite "Itchy & Scratchy" episodes of all time.

title: C.E.D'oh