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Serjeant-at-law

A Serjeant-at-Law (SL), commonly known simply as a Serjeant, was a member of an order of barristers at the English and Irish Bar. The position of Serjeant-at-Law (servientes ad legem), or Sergeant-Counter, was centuries old; there are writs dating to 1300 which identify them as descended from figures in France before the Norman Conquest, thus the Serjeants are said to be the oldest formally created order in England. The order rose during the 16th century as a small, elite group of lawyers who took much of the work in the central common law courts.

With the creation of Queen's Counsel or "Queen's Counsel Extraordinary" (King's Counsel during a male monarch's rule) during the reign of Elizabeth I, the order gradually began to decline, with each monarch opting to create more King's or Queen's Counsel. The Serjeants' exclusive jurisdictions were ended during the 19th century and, with the Judicature Act 1873 coming into force in 1875, it was felt that there was no need to have such figures, and no more were created. The last appointed was Nathaniel Lindley, later a Law Lord, who retired in 1905 and died in 1921. The number of Irish Serjeants-at-law was limited to three (originally one, later two). The last appointment was A. M. Sullivan in 1912; after his 1921 relocation to the English bar he remained "Serjeant Sullivan" as a courtesy title.

The Serjeants had for many centuries exclusive jurisdiction over the Court of Common Pleas, being the only lawyers allowed to argue a case there. At the same time, they had rights of audience in the other central common law courts (the Court of King's Bench and Exchequer of Pleas) and precedence over all other lawyers. Only Serjeants-at-Law could become judges of these courts until the 19th century, and socially the Serjeants ranked above Knights Bachelor and Companions of the Bath. Within the Serjeants-at-Law were distinct orders: the King's Serjeants, particularly favoured Serjeants-at-Law, and within that the King's Premier Serjeant, the Monarch's most favoured Serjeant, and the King's Ancient Serjeant, the oldest. Serjeants (except King's Serjeants) were created by writs of summons under the Great Seal of the Realm, and wore a distinctive dress, the chief feature of which was the coif, a white lawn or silk skullcap. From the 14th century onwards, a black skullcap was worn over the coif, and when wigs were adopted by the legal profession, the serjeants continued to wear the coif and skullcap in the form of small circular patches of black fabric over white fabric on top of their wigs.

Although the Serjeants are extinct as a class of advocates, the title The Serjeant-at-Law in the Common Hall is still given to the judge generally known as the Common Serjeant of London.

Early history
The history of Serjeants-at-Law goes back to within a century of the Norman Conquest; Alexander Pulling argues that Serjeants-at-Law existed "before any large portion of our law was formed", and Edward Warren agrees that they existed (in Normandy), supporting him with a Norman writ from approximately 1300 which identifies Serjeants-at-Law as directly descending from Norman conteurs; indeed, they were sometimes known as Serjeant-Conteurs. The members of the Order initially used St Paul's Cathedral as their meeting place, standing near the "parvis" where they would give counsel to those who sought advice. Geoffrey Chaucer makes reference to the Serjeants in the Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, writing:

Firm evidence for existence of legal serjeants in England dates from the reign of Henry III. As such it is the oldest royally created order; the next is the Order of the Garter, created in 1330. Serjeants at Law existed in Ireland from at least 1302, and were appointed by letters patent. Henry de Bracton claimed that, for the trial of Hubert de Burgh in 1239 the king was assisted by "all the serjeants of the bench", although it is not known who they were. By the 1270s there were approximately 20 recorded Serjeants; by 1290, 36. This period also saw the first regulation of Serjeants, with a statutory power from 1275 to suspend from practise any Serjeant who misbehaved (enacted as chapter 29 of the Statute of Westminster 1275). The exclusive jurisdiction Serjeants-at-Law held over the Court of Common Pleas slowly came about during the 1320s, squeezing the size of the bar until only a consistent group reappeared. From this period, Serjeants also began to be called in regular groups, rather than individually on whatever date was felt appropriate.

Rise
During the 16th century the Serjeants-at-Law were a small, though highly respected and powerful, elite. There were never more than ten alive, and on several occasions the number dwindled to one; William Bendlowes bragged that he had been "the only Serjeant-at-Law in England" in 1559. Over these 100 years, only 89 Serjeants were created. At the time they were the only clearly distinguishable branch of the legal profession, and it is thought that their work may have actually created barristers as a separate group; although Serjeants were the only lawyers who normally argued in court, they occasionally allowed other lawyers to help them in special cases. These lawyers became known as outer or "utter" barristers (because they were confined to the outer bar of the court); if they were allowed to act they had "passed the bar" towards becoming a Serjeant-at-Law.

Despite holding a monopoly on cases in the Court of Common Pleas, Serjeants also took most of the business in the Court of King's Bench. Although required to make the Common Pleas their principal place of work, there is evidence of Serjeants who did not; one, Robert Mennell, worked entirely in the North of England after his creation in 1547 and was not known in Westminster, where the Common Pleas was located. This was also a time of great judicial success for the Serjeants; since only Serjeants could be appointed to the common law courts, many also sat in the Exchequer of Pleas, a court of equity. This period was not a time of success for the profession overall, however, despite the brisk business being done. The rise of central courts other than the Common Pleas allowed other lawyers to gain advocacy experience and work, drawing it away from the Serjeants, and at the same time the few Serjeants could not handle all the business in the Common Pleas, allowing the rise of barristers as dedicated advocates.

Decline and abolition
The decline of the Serjeants-at-Law started in 1596, when Francis Bacon persuaded Elizabeth I to appoint him "Queen's Counsel Extraordinary" (QC), a new creation which gave him precedence over the Serjeants. This was not a formal creation, in that he was not granted a patent of appointment, but in 1604 James I saw fit to finally award this. The creation of Queen's (or King's) Counsel was initially small; James I created at least one other, and Charles I four. Following the English Restoration this increased, with a few appointed each year. The largest change came about with William IV, who appointed an average of nine a year, and following him approximately 12 were created a year, with an average of 245 at any one time.

Every new Queen's Counsel created reduced the Serjeants in importance, since even the most junior QC took precedence over the most senior Serjeant. Although appointments were still made to the Serjeants-at-Law, the King's Serjeant and the King's Ancient Serjeant, and several Serjeants were granted patents of precedence which gave them superiority over QCs, the Victorian era saw a decline in appointments. The rule that all common law judges must be Serjeants was circumvented: anyone chosen to be a judge would be appointed a Serjeant, and immediately thereafter a judge. In 1834 Lord Brougham issued a mandate which opened up pleading in the Court of Common Pleas to every barrister, Serjeant or not, and this was followed for six years until the Serjeants successfully petitioned the Queen to overturn it as invalid.

The Serjeants only enjoyed their returned status for another six years, however, before Parliament intervened. The Practitioners in Common Pleas Act 1846, from 18 August 1846, allowed all barristers to practise in the Court of Common Pleas. The next and final blow was the Judicature Act 1873, which came into force on 1 November 1875. Section 8 provided that common law judges need no longer be appointed from the Serjeants-at-Law, removing the need to appoint judicial Serjeants. With this Act and the rise of the Queen's Counsel, there was no longer any need to appoint Serjeants, and the practice ended.

The last English serjeant at the bar, the "rather undistinguished" Frederick Lowten Spinks, died in 1899. The last English serjeant was Nathaniel Lindley, Baron Lindley, who had been made a serjeant so that he could be appointed a judge of the Common Pleas. He died in 1921.

The equivalent Irish rank of Serjeant-at-law survived until 1919. Alexander Sullivan, the last Irish serjeant, spent the second half of his career at the English bar, and as a matter of courtesy was always addressed as Serjeant.

Serjeant's Inn
Serjeant's Inn was a legal inn restricted to Serjeants-at-Law. It operated from three locations, one in Holborn, known as Scroope's Inn, which was abandoned by 1498 for the one in Fleet Street, which was pulled down during the 18th century, and one on Chancery Lane, pulled down in 1877. The Inn was a voluntary association, and although most Serjeants joined upon being appointed they were not required to. There were rarely more than 40 Serjeants, even including members of the judiciary, and the Inns were noticeably smaller than the Inns of Court. Unlike the Inns of Court, Serjeant's Inn was a private establishment similar to a gentlemen's club.

The Inn on Fleet Street existed from at least 1443, when it was rented from the Dean of York. By the 16th century it had become the main Inn, before being burnt down during the Great Fire of London. It was rebuilt by 1670, but the end finally came in 1733. The Fleet Street Inn had fallen into a "ruinous state", and the Serjeants had been unable to obtain a renewal of their lease. They abandoned the property, and it returned to the Dean.

The property on Chancery Lane consisted of a Hall, dining room, a library, kitchens and offices for the Serjeants-at-Law. This Inn was originally known as "Skarle's Inn" from about 1390, named after John Scarle, who became Master of the Rolls in 1394. By 1404 it was known as "Farringdon's Inn", but although the Serjeants were in full possession by 1416 it was not until 1484 that the property became known as Serjeant's Inn. Newly promoted Serjeants had to pay £350 in the 19th century, while those promoted solely to take up judicial office had to pay £500. The Hall was a large room hung with portraits of various famous judges and Serjeants-at-Law, with three windows on one side each containing the coat of arms of a distinguished judge. Around the room were the coats of arms of various Serjeants, which were given to their descendants when the Inn was finally sold. When the Fleet Street Inn was abandoned, this location became the sole residence of the Serjeants. With the demise of the order after the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873, there was no way to support the Inn, and it was sold in 1877 for £57,100. The remaining Serjeants were accepted into their former Inns of Court, where judicial Serjeants were made Benchers and normal Serjeants barristers.

Call to the Coif
The process of being called to the order of Serjeants-at-Law stayed fairly constant. The traditional method was that the Serjeants would discuss among themselves prospective candidates, and then make recommendations to the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. He would pass these names on to the Lord Chancellor, who would appoint the new Serjeants. This was intended to provide a way to select possible judges in a period where political favouritism was rampant – since only Serjeants could become judges, making sure that Serjeants were not political appointees was seen to provide for a neutral judiciary. Serjeants were traditionally appointed by a writ directly from the King. The writ was issued under the Great Seal of the Realm and required "the elected and qualified apprentices of the law to take the state and degree of a Serjeant-at-Law". The newly created Serjeants would then assemble in one of the Inns of Court, where they would hear a speech from the Lord Chancellor or Lord Chief Justice and be given a purse of gold. The Coif was then placed on the Serjeant's head. The Serjeants were required to swear an oath, which was that they would: "serve the King's people as one of the Serjeants-at-law, and you shall truly counsel them that you be retained with after your cunning; and you shall not defer or delay their causes willingly, for covetness of money, or other thing that may turn you to profit; and you shall give due attendance accordingly. So help you God."

The new Serjeants would give a feast to celebrate, and gave out rings to their close friends and family to mark the occasion. The King, the Lord Chancellor and other figures also received rings. The major courts would be suspended for the day, and the other Serjeants, judges, leaders of the Inns of Court and occasionally the King would attend. Serjeant's Inn and the Inns of Court were not big enough for such an occasion, and Ely Place or Lambeth Palace would instead be used. The feasts gradually declined in importance, and by the 17th century they were small enough to be held in the Inns. The last recorded feast was in 1736 in Middle Temple, when fourteen new Serjeants were raised to the Coif.

Robes
The traditional clothing of a Serjeant-at-Law consisted of a coif, a robe and a furred cloak. The robe and cloak were later adapted into the robe worn by judges. The cut and colour of this robe varied – records from the King's Privy Wardrobe show judges being instructed to wear robes of scarlet, green, purple and miniver, and Serjeants being ordered to wear the same. In 1555 new Serjeants were required to have robes of scarlet, brown, blue, mustard and murrey. By the time the order came to an end the formal robes were red, but Mr. Serjeant Robinson recalled that, towards the end days of the order, black silk gowns were the everyday court garb and the red gown was worn only on certain formal occasions. The cape was originally a cloak worn separately from the robe, but gradually made its way into the uniform as a whole. John Fortescue described the cape as the "main ornament of the order", distinguished only from the cape worn by judges because it was furred with lambskin rather than miniver. The capes were not worn into court by the advocates, only by the serjeants.

The coif was the main symbol of the Order of Serjeants-at-Law, and is where their most recognisable name (the Order of the Coif) comes from. The coif was white and made of either silk or lawn. A Serjeant was never obliged to take off or cover his coif, not even in the presence of the King, except as a judge when passing a death sentence. In that situation he would wear a black cap intended to cover the coif, although it is often confused with the coif itself. When wigs were first introduced for barristers and judges it caused some difficulty for Serjeants, who were not allowed to cover the coif. Wigmakers got around this by adding a small white cloth to the top of the wig, representing the coif. A small black piece of cloth was worn over the white cloth, representing the skullcap that the serjeants had begun wearing over their coifs in the 14th century.

King's or Queen's Serjeants
A King's or Queen's Serjeant was a Serjeant-at-Law appointed to serve the Crown as a legal adviser to the monarch and their government in the same way as the Attorney-General for England and Wales. The King's Serjeant (who had the postnominal KS, or QS during the reign of a female monarch) would represent the Crown in court, acting as prosecutor in criminal cases and representative in civil ones, and would have higher powers and ranking in the lower courts than the Attorney- or Solicitor General. King's Serjeants also worked as legal advisers in the House of Lords, and were not allowed to act in cases against the Crown or do anything that would harm it; in 1540 Serjeant Browne was heavily punished for creating a tax avoidance scheme. The King's Serjeants would wear a black Coif with a narrow strip of white, unlike the all-white Coif of a normal Serjeant. The King's Serjeants were required to swear a second oath to serve "The King and his people", rather than "The King's people" as a Serjeant-at-Law would swear. The King's favoured Serjeant would become the King's Premier Serjeant, while the oldest one was known as the King's Ancient Serjeant.

Precedence, status and rights of audience
For almost all of their history, Serjeants at Law and King's Serjeants were the only advocates given rights of audience in the Court of Common Pleas. Until the 17th century they were also first in the order of precedence in the Court of King's Bench and Court of Chancery, which gave them priority in motions before the court. Serjeants also had the privilege of being immune from most normal forms of lawsuit – they could only be sued by a writ from the Court of Chancery. It was held as an extension of this that servants of Serjeants could only be sued in the Common Pleas. As part of the Court of Common Pleas the Serjeants also performed some judicial duties, such as levying fines. In exchange for these privileges, Serjeants were expected to fulfil certain duties; firstly, that they represent anybody who asked regardless of their ability to pay, and secondly that, due to the small number of judges, they serve as deputy judges to hear cases when there was no judge available.

Only Serjeants-at-Law could become judges of the common law courts; this rule came into being in the 14th century for the Courts of Common Pleas and King's Bench, and was extended to the Exchequer of Pleas in the 16th century; it did not apply to the Court of Chancery, a court of equity, or the Ecclesiastical Courts. The Serjeants-at-Law also had social privileges; they ranked above Knights Bachelor and Companions of the Bath, and their wives had the right to be addressed as "Lady —", in the same way as the wives of knights or baronets. A Serjeant made a King's Counsel or judge would still retain these social privileges. As the cream of the legal profession, Serjeants earned higher fees than normal barristers.

In the order of precedence King's Serjeants came before all other barristers, even the Attorney-General, until the introduction of King's Counsel. This state of affairs came to an end as a result of two changes – firstly, during the reign of James I, when a royal patent gave the Attorney General precedence over all King's Serjeants "except the two ancientiest", and secondly in 1814 when the Attorney General of the time was a barrister and the Solicitor General (politically junior to the Attorney General) a King's Serjeant. To reflect the political reality, the Attorney General was made superior to any King's Serjeant, and this remained until the order of Serjeants-at-Law finally died out.

In literature
The main character in C. J. Sansom's Shardlake novels, hunchback lawyer Matthew Shardlake, is a Serjeant-at-Law during the reign of King Henry VIII of England.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Serjeant-at-law


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Amia

Amia, AMIA, or AMiA may refer to:

 * Amia (fish), a genus of fish
 * American Medical Informatics Association
 * Anglican Mission in the Americas
 * Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina, a Jewish community center in Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * AMIA bombing, a 1994 terrorist attack
 * Association of Moving Image Archivists
 * Aviation and Maritime Investigation Authority, an agency of the government of Slovakia
 * Mizuki Akiyama, online alias "Amia", a fictional character from Project Sekai: Colorful Stage! feat. Hatsune Miku

title: Amia


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Jeffrey Foskett

Jeffrey Foskett (February 17, 1956 – December 11, 2023) was an American guitarist and singer, best known as a touring and studio musician for Brian Wilson and the Beach Boys since the 1980s. Foskett was described as the Beach Boys' "vice principal" by its touring members. In 1996, he debuted as a solo artist with the album Thru My Window.

Early career
Born and raised in San Jose, California, Foskett began his first band in the 1970s known as Cherry, after the Willow Glen area street on which he lived. Foskett played mostly surf music covers in the same market as Papa Doo Run Run, with whom Foskett would join forces later. In the late 1970s, Foskett formed two renowned bands: The Reverie Rhythm Rockers (aka Reverie) and The Pranks while attending UCSB in Santa Barbara, California, gigging throughout the area with fellow area bands like D. B. Cooper. The band held a house residency at The Troubadore Nightclub in Hollywood Mondays performing with The Mentors, The Cretones, The Police and 20/20.

Working with Brian Wilson and the Beach Boys
Foskett became a fan of the Beach Boys after he heard "I Get Around" and became determined to meet Brian Wilson. In 1976, Foskett tracked down Wilson's house in Bel Air, which had a stained-glass window resembling the artwork of the 1967 album Wild Honey. After knocking on Wilson's door, he was greeted by a friendly Wilson and quickly invited into his house as a guest. The two then kept in contact over the years.

In late 1979, Wilson's cousin Mike Love stopped by the famous Santa Barbara restaurant "1129" where Reverie was the house band. Love listened to Foskett and hired Reverie as the original incarnation of The Endless Summer Beach Band. The band toured with Love through December 1981, when Foskett replaced Wilson's brother Carl Wilson who briefly left The Beach Boys to pursue a solo career. When Carl rejoined the Beach Boys in May 1982, Foskett was asked to stay to perform Wilson's falsetto parts, which he did until 1990. When Brian Wilson returned to touring in the late 1990s, he asked Foskett to help him assemble his touring band. Foskett was the musical director, appearing at every solo show Wilson had performed, up until he departed from Wilson's band. In concerts, Foskett provided lead vocals on several of Wilson's songs, including "Don't Worry Baby", "The Warmth Of The Sun" and "Wouldn't It Be Nice" as well as others. Foskett has appeared as guitarist/vocalist/arranger on a majority of Wilson's solo material, including the 2004 version of SMiLE.

In 2012, Foskett joined the Beach Boys' live band on their 50th Anniversary Reunion Tour, and subsequently recorded the studio album That's Why God Made the Radio alongside the band, performing all of the falsetto vocal parts as well as other vocals on the record. Regarding his role in the reunion, Al Jardine stated, "Jeffrey is invaluable to keeping the continuity between the various parts. He supports Brian in every possible way. He has Brian's confidence, and basically kind of makes it possible to have Brian Wilson on the road with us. [Without] that shoulder to lean on, I think it would be very difficult for Brian to tour. And I'm very grateful for that." On the tour he provided lead vocals on "Don't Worry Baby", "Wouldn't It Be Nice" and "Why Do Fools Fall In Love" as well as singing all of the falsetto vocals.

Following the reunion tour, Foskett resumed touring with Wilson in 2013. Wilson enlisted guitarist Jeff Beck to accompany him and Foskett on his tour and collaborate with him on his next album. Foskett left the touring band in late 2013, citing a sudden heavy workload on touring and recording the album. Foskett said “After the Jeff Beck tour, I was completely stressed and burned out. That whole year, recording that album and that tour — because I knew Jeff so well — a lot of things fell on me to get done that normally would have been other people’s responsibilities. So, at the end of that tour, I kind of snapped — literally — and just said, ‘I can’t do this anymore'. However Brian views me, is alright with me, as long as he knows I love him." Foskett was replaced by Matt Jardine, who joined Wilson along with his father and founding member Al Jardine on his tours.

On May 15, 2014, it was announced that Foskett would be re-joining the Beach Boys as a permanent member of the touring band. Foskett also performed on Love's solo albums Unleash the Love (2017) and Reason for the Season (2018).

In early 2019, Foskett took leave from the Beach Boys due to undergoing throat surgery. In late 2019, Foskett announced that he had been diagnosed with stage 4 anaplastic thyroid cancer in early 2018 and that his falsetto vocal range had heavily deteriorated as a result of several surgeries and treatments on his vocal cords. In addition, he said he would release his next album Voices, which he said may be his last album as a solo artist, on November 22, 2019, though added that he would also continue as a live musician and possibly explore doing record production work.

Other work
Foskett released several solo albums including Thru My Window, touted as "The best Beach Boys album they never recorded", Cool and Gone, and Twelve and Twelve. Foskett won several awards including Top Selling Artist of the Year in New Zealand and Best New Foreign Artist in Japan. He is also a member of "California Rocks" the California Rock Hall of Fame

In addition to The Beach Boys/Brian Wilson, Foskett toured and recorded with other friends in the music industry such as Paul McCartney, Jeff Beck, Roy Orbison, The Everly Brothers, Christopher Cross, Michael McDonald, Chicago, America, Heart, Roger McGuinn, Eric Carmen, Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page, and Ringo Starr. Jeff is one of a very few artists who has recorded and performed live with each of three guitar greats Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page, and Eric Clapton. He also produced other artists including Harry Shearer of Spinal Tap and Micky Dolenz of The Monkees.

In 2016, Italia Guitars released their first Signature Model Guitar honoring Jeff named "The JF-12" Twelve String Guitar.

In 2017, Italia Guitars released their second Signature Model Guitar honoring Jeff named "The JF-6" Six String Guitar.

At the 2018 NAMM Show, Italia Guitars released their third Signature Model Guitar honouring Jeff named "The JF-Q" Six String Guitar.

In 2018, Foskett released the long in the works new duet studio album with Jeff Larson entitled "Elua Aloha", released on June 12.

Foskett was an avid supporter of The MD Anderson Cancer Center at The University of Texas, Houston, The Gary Sinise Foundation, and The Carl Wilson Foundation.

Death
On December 11, 2023, Foskett died from anaplastic thyroid cancer, at the age of 67.

Discography
Studio albums

 * Thru My Window (1996)
 * Sunny's Off (1996)
 * Christmas At The Beach (1997)
 * Cool and Gone (1997)
 * Twelve and Twelve (1998)
 * Elua Aloha (2018) (Jeffrey Foskett and Jeff Larson)
 * Love Songs (2019)
 * Vintage Summer (2019)
 * Voices (2019)

Compilations

 * The Other Takes (1996)
 * Greatest Hits (1998)
 * Tributes and Rarities (1999)
 * Stars in the Sand (2000)
 * Classic Harmony (2015)
 * The Best of Jeffrey Foskett (2016)
 * You Remind Me of the Sun (2017)

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Once Upon a Time (The Twilight Zone)

"Once Upon a Time" is episode 78 of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone. It originally aired on December 15, 1961. It features early film star Buster Keaton in one of his later roles, as an unlikely time traveler, and the opening and closing scenes pay tribute to the silent films for which he was famous.

Opening narration
Mr. Mulligan, a rather dour critic of his times, is shortly to discover the import of that old phrase, 'Out of the frying pan into the fire'—said fire burning brightly at all times—in The Twilight Zone.

Plot
Woodrow Mulligan is a grumpy man in 1890, dissatisfied with what his world has come to: the nation's budget surplus is only 85 million dollars, prices are shockingly high to him, and his once-quiet town of Harmony, New York is bustling with livestock roaming the streets, which are full of horse-drawn carriages and penny-farthing bicycles moving at the speed limit of 8 mph. A collision with a bicyclist dumps him in a water trough, forcing him to take off his pants to dry them when he gets to his place of work.

He works as janitor for Professor Gilbert, who has just invented a "time helmet", which can transport the wearer to another decade for 30 minutes. Mulligan tries it on and it sends him to 1961; Harmony is now a busy city with streets full of cars, all sorts of urban noise, and astonishingly high prices. In the chaos he loses the helmet, which is picked up by a boy on roller skates, requiring Mulligan to give chase on a contemporary bicycle. He recovers the damaged helmet as he runs into Rollo, a scientist. They take the helmet to a "fix it" shop, where Rollo and the proprietor argue over repairs, while Mulligan wanders off and to acquire a pair of pants.

Rollo regards the 1890s as an idyllic period, and wants to go back there in Mulligan's place. He runs off with the helmet, but Mulligan catches him at the last instant and they both go back. Mulligan is relieved to be home, and Rollo finds it charming. A week later, Mulligan has found a new appreciation for life in 1890, but Rollo is dismayed at the lack of technology and modern comforts. Annoyed by Rollo's griping, Mulligan sets the helmet for 1961, puts it on Rollo's head, and sends him back to his own time.

Closing narration
'To each his own'—so goes another old phrase to which Mr. Woodrow Mulligan would heartily subscribe, for he has learned—definitely the hard way—that there's much wisdom in a third old phrase, which goes as follows: 'Stay in your own backyard.' To which it might be added, 'and, if possible, assist others to stay in theirs'—via, of course, The Twilight Zone.

Cast

 * Buster Keaton as Woodrow Mulligan
 * Stanley Adams as Rollo
 * Milton Parsons as Professor Gilbert
 * Gil Lamb as Officer Flannagan
 * James Flavin as First 1961 Policeman
 * Harry Fleer as Second 1961 Policeman
 * Warren Parker as Clothing Store Manager
 * Jesse White as Repairman
 * George E. Stone as Fenwick

Production
Buster Keaton was once one of the biggest stars of the silent era, and this episode featuring him was intended as an homage to that work. One sequence, occurring almost immediately after traveling to the episode's present day, is a near exact replication of a gag Keaton introduced some forty-one years earlier in a Fatty Arbuckle film titled The Garage.

The parts set in the 1890s are done in the style of a silent film with intertitles and feature only a soundtrack of a saloon piano (and Rod Serling's customary opening and closing narration). The music was composed by William Lava and was performed by veteran Hollywood studio and session pianist Ray Turner.

Much is made of the fact that Mulligan shows up in 1961 with no pants due to his getting run over by a "high speed" bicycle and falling into a water trough, forcing him to remove the pants while they dry. A running gag has a pants-less Mulligan being chased by a policeman in both the past and the present.

title: Once Upon a Time (The Twilight Zone)


text: User talk:69.193.36.235

title: User talk:69.193.36.235


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User talk:Otorino

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! . If oyu worked here a while and got the hang off things you would understand how things work here, and would have more freedom to put or remove links. It has been your obsession with this one link that appears to have attracted the negative attention to you. I would say any links in this general area have commercial value (unless the sites are a flop or run by governments), and picking and choosing the best is not an easy task. I think your link should remain in the proxy servers article but would argue that it shouldn't be in the various other articles it was in, SqueakBox 19:29, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Otorino


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Talk:Brown note

Remove the MythBusters and Brainiac sections
Considering that these shows only tested a handful of notes, and not a spectrum, they should not be included as a "disproof".

All of the examples have only mentioned specific notes, and therefore, present an unfair biased POV.

Brainiac
This was also tried in the show 'Brainiac', apparently successfully []

The show asked for feedback from viewers as they had transmitted the note on the programme (after appropriate warnings.. I chickened out and turned the sound down!). Unfortunately I never heard what happened.

Well, given the "scientific quality" of Brainiac, I wouldn't believe them a second. Besides, I didn't chicken out and nothing happened to me. Which may very well due to the nature of the tone broadcasted, because it was quite audible (and thus not < 20 Hz). If it did anything for any viewers, probably only through suggestion. And both the speaker they "used" and any given TV set are definitely not capable of reproducing said frequencies.

Having seen that particular episode of Brainiac, I can say that nothing happened and the sound being broadcast was audible. Manufacturing a TV to produce sounds which people can't hear is pointless outside of the scientific community (if at all). Willard 00:19, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Well, not exactly pointless, but if you want to control the masses, like in 'You shall go to the toilet in 5 seconds', there is a point in that, if you catch my drift :P not really a good point, but a point nevertheless. It's exactly like those lame TV shows wich had a contest with little stickers you were supposed to attach to the TV screen for the duration of the show, in a certain corner, over a red star or smth. They say that the photo cell inside the sticker will retain the 'special signal' transmitted. If they could do that, we'd all be zombies by now, slaves of TV ads! Well, anyway, have fun and may TV never be able to do such a thing! I'm off to buy that ninja sword with a dragon on the blade. :P Kerfax (talk) 20:40, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

Brown Noise is unrelated
Somebody put a couple parenthetical also known as "Brown Noise". Brown Noise has nothing to do with the mythical brown note, brown noise is a kind of noise with a precisely defined frequency power spectrum--nothing to do with this silly urban legend. --Brentt 05:00, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * They might have gotten that from the South Park episode in which a note with this effect is called the "Brown Noise". Timrem 23:04, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Phase effects
"'In addition, the strategy of surrounding the subjectlo with speakers without accounting for phase effects would have resulted in a loss of effective power being transmitted, especially at the geometrical centre of the speakers.'"

Certainly, with four speakers surrounding someone, unwanted interference effects would occur; but surely at the 'geometrical centre' all 4 sources would be in phase and thus interfere constructively? (on the not unreasonable assumption that the signal is transmitted to all 4 speakers in phase). I've removed the clause after the comma in the second sentence as that seems to make it more accurate; but I could just be missing something. Please correct me if this is indeed the case.

To be honest, due to the long wavelength of sounds at these frequencies, the intensity of the sound inside the ring of speakers should never reach a minimum at any point within this ring at all (unless the speakers were placed more than about 30m apart); this would seem to make interference effects rather neglegible. Davidros 16:12, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

Related issues
We know that cetain levels of low frequencies can cause lung collapse (trying to get the ref.) But has anyone heard of exposure to very loud (>100 dBA) bass frequencies cuasing heart palpitations? I had a case of this last weekend and I think it may be to do with the fantastically high levels of bass in the room.--Light current 14:50, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * http://www.wired.com/news/medtech/0,1286,64829,00.html
 * If you're prone to them, probably lots of things will trigger them. — Omegatron 15:38, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * YEs I ve been told stress can trigger them also. I was stressed by all the bloody loud bass! 8-)--Light current 15:42, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Happens to me, too. :-/ — Omegatron 17:10, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

Yes, well, I found it to be somewhat true. I don't know about the so-called 'Brown Noise', but I do know that standing close to a source of loud bass sounds will cause some problems. For example, I was standing at a concert a few years ago (don't remember wich one), right in front of the subwoofer (or whatever). I should probably mention that the thing was as tall as me. All I remember from the concert is that I was really sick, I almost couldn't hold back from vomiting. However, as I noticed, this was mainly because my throat was vibrating a lot. Not my bowels. An explanation might be this: all abdominal organs are pretty soft, and therefor they absorb some vibration, or in any case, you can't feel it 100% due to the way the nervous system works (see the Vagus Nerve). But if your neck is resonating, that is a different thing. It's like sticking to fingers deep inside, only the feeling you get is constant when facing the mentioned subwoofer. So, although the Brown Noise might not be a real thing, it's certain that lower sounds can make you feel sick. I dunno if it's the sound itself or just that it makes your organs 'bounce' around and 'hit' each other. Kerfax (talk) 18:53, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

Nikola Tesla created such vibrations (really)
For entertainment, Tesla once convinced his good friend Mark Twain to test out a vibrating platform in his Manhattan lab. Twain took him up on the offer and found it to his liking. When Tesla commanded Twain to come down off the platform Twain refused because he was having a good time. A few minutes later Twain ran from the device. It seems that Tesla had deliberately neglected to tell Twain that the vibration tended to cause diarrhea.

http://www.intuitor.com/resonance/tesla.php quoting Margaret Cheney, Tesla Man Out Of Time, 1989, Dorset Press —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.90.183.53 (talk) 02:51, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

A Small Cut from the End of the Article
"Interestingly, the wavelength of this note is 746 cm (24.5 ft), which is roughly equivalent to the length of the small intestine."

1. Human small intestine varies from 400 to 700 cm 2. Spurious and coincidental 3. Anyone want to keep it? Jpvinall 08:48, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Nope. — Omegatron 14:48, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Brown
The article currently states that "brown" in "brown note" is a "metonymy for a common color of human feces". What is this assertion based upon? It seems like original research. Hyacinth (talk) 01:22, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

 * You are right about that. That phrase was here when I first saw the article. It can certainly go if not supported or supportable. If there was at one time an online source that talked about metonymy regarding the brown note, then it has since disappeared. Instead, a Google search finds only a host of copycat quotes from this article itself. Feel free to tag or take out the parts you think aren't supported. Binksternet (talk) 02:10, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Really...? What else would it mean...? 98.198.83.12 (talk) 06:49, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

Heroes
A Heroes graphic novel mentions it as well: http://heroeswiki.com/Echo_De_Mille —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.244.190.163 (talk) 23:59, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

Remove article brown note altogether
There is absolutely no reason for this article to exist. There is no such thing as a brown note. THe brown Note is an invention of Matt Stone, and Trey Parker, the writer/creators of south park. Not only do they comment on their DVD of the absurdity of people thinking this actually exists, they have been known to comment that the origin of the idea came, when witnessing an overweight high school marching band tuba player shit his pants on the football field and exhaling harshly into the tuba, creating a loud low frequency blast. This was referred to by their class as the Night of the Brown Noise. It's just stupid for anyone anywhere to think this would exist. Especially since the bowels are in no way connected to the inner ear. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.9.2.10 (talk • contribs)

 * Just because you want it it should be gone? How about the Easter bunny article?  Or for that matter any article about aliens or UFOs?  Did the article mention that it is only because you hear the sound or because something is vibrating at that rate?  You sure didn't put any thought into your rant.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.185.84.11 (talk) 05:14, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Oddly enough, we have a lot of articles on things that were invented by Matt Stone and Trey Parker. Powers T 13:14, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

 * It actually is an older myth from about the 70s. South Park just popularized it. 98.198.83.12 (talk) 06:51, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

Thunderscreech
According to this article, the brown note rumor started with the Thunderscreech airplane tests: http://io9.com/358446/set-your-bowel-disruptor-to-explosive-diarrhea Can anyone corroborate? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.125.231.83 (talk) 03:02, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

More on the Thunderscreech here: http://www.airspacemag.com/how-things-work/cit-wilkinson-july03.html?c=y&page=5 more reliable source, says the the noise of the 'screech was blamed for two miscarriages and one seizure. Doesn't mention a crapping of pants, but it seems possible —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.125.231.83 (talk • contribs)

 * The one unreliable source (io9) does not somehow make the more reliable source (airspacemag) applicable to this article. The topic of "brown note" is not mentioned at all in the reliable source. No need to add Thunderscreech information to this article if no reliable source exists. Binksternet (talk) 03:45, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I would think that would be implied by the fact that I (the submitter) didn't add the reference to the article, and asked for corroboration. Did you have any actual value to add, like further research? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.20.242.233 (talk) 03:27, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

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Brown note
Brown note lol 2600:1000:BF00:2F8D:F382:9686:CE72:C48A (talk) 00:44, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

CIA's CREST archive reference
In the event any editor wants to improve the references or search for a more reliable source, linked below is a reference available on the CIAs CREST archive. The link is to a CIA .PDF copy of an article discussing this topic. The article mentions the Kansas City Star as a possible source (exact date unknown). A bit of original research shows the 1968 Kansas City, Missouri riot and that a convention of the International Association of Chiefs of Police, took place during 1967 in Kansas City (source:). The reference article refers to the topic as "the ultimate weapon to end war forever" however, description of its use is that of a riot control agent. I am currently topic banned for weapons so I leave this theoretical riot control device reference which may be useful or useless to other editors hoping to improve this article. The topic starts at the end of the second to last page of the article and continues onto the last page. Norton, Roy “The CIA’s Worldwide Kill Squads,” SAGA Magazine, June 1970. Page 30 (found here: ) 72.238.86.168 (talk) 23:17, 20 January 2022 (UTC) banex

 * An original source may be from Rex Applegate. He wrote articles and books on this subject which covered acousic devices. see Applegate, Col. Rex. (1968, May.). Super Sonic Sound- A New Police Weapon. Law & Order, 28; and Riot Control: Materiel and Techniques, Stackpole Books, 1969 (ISBN: 0811714896).  72.238.86.168 (talk) 00:28, 21 January 2022 (UTC)

Wired reference
To improve sourcing in the article, here is a 2000 reference on the subject from Wired: Protesters Panic Over 'Crap Cannon' 72.238.86.168 (talk) 23:56, 20 January 2022 (UTC)

Chinese bowel spasm infrasound device
In the interest of improving referencing in the article Popular mechanics has the following article: So What Is This Secretive Chinese Sonic Weapon Exactly? 72.238.86.168 (talk) 00:17, 21 January 2022 (UTC)

this is hilarious
just wanna say how funny it is that there are more sections on the talk page of a wikipedia article about a noise that makes people shit than there are on the actual article lmao

Book reference
To improve referencing in this article I put forth for evaluation as a reference on this subject (especially past research), this book: Volcler, Juliette; Extremely Loud: Sound as a Weapon. trans. from French by Carol Volk. New Press (ISBN 978-1-59558-873-9) "A high intensity sound attack" to "liquefy their bowels and reduce them to quivering diarrhoeic messes". 72.238.86.168 (talk) 01:34, 21 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brown note


text:
UEFA competitions

UEFA competitions (compétitions de l'UEFA), referred improperly by the mass media as European football, are the set of tournaments organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), generally in professional and amateur association football and futsal. The term was established in 1971 by the confederation to differentiate the men's football competitions under its administration, the first in history being held at a pan-European stage, from other international competitions carried out in the continent between 1960s and 1990s, such as the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, International Football Cup and Karl Rappan Cup, Cup of the Alps, Balkans Cup and the restructured Mitropa Cup (as well as some which had already been discontinued by late 1950s such as the Latin Cup). All these tournaments were organised by private bodies and/or at least two national associations and concerning one of more regional areas of Europe, not being recognised by UEFA for historic-statistical purposes.

History
After being recognised by FIFA in 1961 and defined its functions as governing body, UEFA laid down principles for the authorisation of other international club competitions, becoming the only organization with legal authority over international football in the continent. For that reason, it considers only results in its own competitions, in general terms and by single tournament, as the only valid for calculating and communicating confederation-level official records and statistics as long as setting combined values in inter-club football.

Until the first UEFA Europa Conference League final in 2022, the only team to have won every men's professional club competition was Juventus of Italy, while France is the sole national side to have won the European/South American Nations Cup, the Nations League and the men's European Championship. The governing body of the latter, French Football Federation (FFF), alongside its Czechoslovak, German, Italian, Soviet and Spanish counterparts in men's football; as well as German Football Association (DFB) in women's variant, is also the only association affilied to UEFA which representative teams have won, at least once, the senior Euro and the continental tournament in all age categories (under 17, under 19 and under 21).

FC Barcelona of Spain became the first women's club to follow its men's team of winning the Champions League, by winning the 2021 Women's Champions League Final. The club's men's team won their first title in 1992. The beaten finalists Chelsea of England was also seeking to break that record as well, as its men's team won their maiden in 2012. They were already the first club ever to see its men's and women's teams reach the Champions League final in the same season, having qualified for the Champions League Final as well. Barcelona is also the only club in the UEFA zone that has won men's and women's Champions League, the Youth League and the Futsal Champions League among these with active sections which can compete in all these tournaments.

For national teams

 * UEFA European Championship, European football's premier competition, established in 1960.
 * UEFA European Under-21 Championship, established in 1978.
 * UEFA European Under-19 Championship, established in 1948 as an under-18 competition and reorganised in 2002 for the current age group.
 * UEFA European Under-17 Championship, established in 1982 as an under-16 competition and reorganised in 2002 for the current age group.
 * UEFA Nations League, established in 2018.
 * CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions, organised jointly with CONMEBOL since 1985 and 1993, rebranded in 2022.
 * UEFA Women's Championship, premier competition for women's national teams, established in 1984.
 * UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship, established in 1997 as an under-18 competition and reorganised in 2002 for the current age group.
 * UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship, established in 2007.
 * UEFA Women's Nations League, established in 2022.
 * UEFA Futsal Championship, established in 1996.
 * UEFA Under-19 Futsal Championship, established in 2019.
 * UEFA Women's Futsal Championship, established in 2018.
 * UEFA Regions' Cup, established in 1999.

For clubs

 * UEFA Champions League, European football's premier club competition, established in 1955 as the European Champion Clubs' Cup and reorganised in 1992.
 * UEFA Europa League, European football's second football club competition (originally third) established in 1971 as the UEFA Cup and reorganised in 2009.
 * UEFA Conference League, European football's third football club competition, established in 2021 as the UEFA Europa Conference League.
 * UEFA Super Cup, the previous season's winners of the Europa League and the Champions League. Previously played between the European Champions' Cup and Cup Winners Cup winners.
 * UEFA Youth League, established in 2013.
 * UEFA Women's Champions League, Europe's premier women's football club competition, established in 2001 and reorganised in 2009.
 * UEFA Futsal Champions League, established in 2001 to replace the Futsal European Clubs Championship.

For national teams

 * UEFA Amateur Cup, organised in 1967, 1970, 1974 and 1978.
 * UEFA European Under-23 Championship, organized in 1972, 1974 and 1976.
 * UEFA–CAF Meridian Cup (1997–2007), organised jointly with the Confédération Africaine de Football (CAF).
 * UEFA Futsal Under-21 Championship, the only edition in 2008.

For clubs

 * UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (1960–1999), formerly European football's second football club competition, disbanded with qualifying clubs being transferred to UEFA Cup in 1999, on only six occasions since then Domestic Cup winners have won the UEFA Cup/Europa League.
 * UEFA Intertoto Cup (1961–2008), disbanded with qualifying clubs being transferred to the UEFA Europa League in 2009.
 * Intercontinental Cup (1960–2004), organised jointly with the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL), was rebranded as Toyota European/South American Cup since 1980.

title: UEFA competitions


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Toz Family of Lebanon

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 07:15, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Toz Family of Lebanon
First, there's no "Toz family in Lebanon", Second this article is clearly a patent nonsense, sinse "Toz" means "Ass" in Arabic, and "Khara", at the end of article, means "Shit". 500LL 19:31, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable even if it isn't nonsense. You 19:48, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete DJ Clayworth 02:42, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense. JamesBurns 05:31, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I also marked the article as non-factual. — Phil Welch 16:56, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Kai En Tai

Kai En Tai (also spelled Kaientai) was a professional wrestling stable made up of Japanese wrestlers Shiryu, Dick Togo and Men’s Teioh, later joined by Sho Funaki and Taka Michinoku. The group was managed by Yamaguchi-San when they were in the WWF.

Michinoku Pro Wrestling
The group debuted in Japan's Michinoku Pro wrestling promotion in late 1994 when SATO, Terry Boy and Shiryu introduced themselves as Kai En Tai. The name "Kai En Tai" was based on Japan's first modern corporation, Kaientai ("Naval Auxiliary Force"), a naval institution and paramilitary organization dedicated to freeing Japan from feudal rule and protecting the country's national sovereignty that was a major player in the introduction of the Meiji Restoration.

Kai En Tai had many high profile tag team matches before two of them changed their names; SATO became Dick Togo, Terry Boy became Men's Teioh while Shiryu's name remained unchanged. The stable's name was also changed to "Kaientai Deluxe", or Kaientai DX for short. They would later be joined by The Dream Chasers (Taka Michinoku and Shoichi Funaki) as new members. Other members included Hanzo Nakajima, Yoshihiro Tajiri, Gran Hamada and Super Boy.

Extreme Championship Wrestling
In early 1997, Taka Michinoku, Dick Togo and Terry Boy had a short stint in Extreme Championship Wrestling as BWO Japan (also known as "BWO International") and feuded with the fellow Japanese team of The Great Sasuke, Gran Hamada and Gran Naniwa. The rivalry culminated at ECW's first ever Pay-Per-View event Barely Legal 1997 where the team of Sasuke, Hamada and Masato Yakushiji (filling in for an injured Gran Naniwa) came out victorious. Since then, Kai En Tai would permanently adopt the bWo colors of blue and white as their own.

World Wrestling Federation
Kai En Tai (with the exception of Shiryu, who was in WCW under his real name, Kaz Hayashi) made their first appearance in the WWF the night after WrestleMania XIV on the March 30, 1998 episode of Raw is War. The team dropped the 'DX' from their full title due to the existence of D-Generation X in the WWF. They attacked Taka Michinoku — who signed with the WWF much earlier — because they felt he had become Americanized since joining the WWE until he later rejoined them. Kaientai was originally referred to by the announcers as Club Kamikaze, but their new manager Yamaguchi-San announced their actual name upon his arrival shortly afterwards.

Their most infamous WWF feud was with Val Venis, who had a porn star gimmick at the time. Yamaguchi was enraged when he was shown a pornographic video of his (onscreen) wife, sleeping with Venis, and threatened to punish both of them. Mrs. Yamaguchi-San was brought to the ring for what was going to be a spanking by Yamaguchi-san using a wooden paddle, but she was rescued by Venis. A week later, just as Venis had finished a match, Yamaguchi and Kaientai showed up with a salami on a table. Yamaguchi proceeded to chop the salami while shouting at Venis, "I choppy choppy your pee pee!"

The following week, Venis teamed up with Taka Michinoku to take on Togo and Funaki in a tag team match. Taka made a swerve, however, by turning against Venis, proclaiming that Mrs. Yamaguchi-San was his sister. Venis was dragged backstage by Kaientai to have his member amputated, though the audience did not see what happened next. Venis returned after a week, explained that Yamaguchi's sword narrowly missed his genitalia, due to the lights being turned off by John Wayne Bobbitt, broke off his relationship with Mrs. Yamaguchi-San and thus ended the feud.

After Togo, Teioh and both Yamaguchis left the WWF, Michinoku and Funaki began wrestling as a tag team using the name Kaientai. They were primarily jobbers, best known for their "Evil! Indeed!" skits in which Bruce Prichard dubbed English voices into their promos while they badly lip-synced, with Taka ending his "comments" with "Evil!" and Funaki "saying" only "Indeed!" Funaki and Taka's last ever tag team partnership as Kaientai in the WWF was a win over Raven and Justin Credible on the October 20, 2001 edition of WWF Jakked.

Michinoku eventually left the WWF. He ran a promotion called Kaientai Dojo (or K-DOJO) until 2019. Funaki remained in the WWF, finding a niche as part of the SmackDown cruiserweight division and as a backstage interviewer before being released from his contract in 2010 after 12 years with the company. However, he has since been re-hired and currently serves as a member of the Japanese commentary team.

Michinoku Pro Wrestling
With the occasion of Michinoku Pro's 10th Anniversary on November 2, 2003, Kaientai DX reformed, as Dick Togo, Men's Teioh, Taka Michinoku, Shiryu and Hanzo Nakajima took down Jinsei Shinzaki, Hayate, Kesen Numa-jiro, Kazuya Yuasa and Chi-Nen Hokkai.

Independent circuit
On July 15, 2005, another Kaientai reunion took place at Kaientai Dojo, when Taka Michinoku teamed up with Sho Funaki, Dick Togo and Men's Teioh to do battle with Kengo Mashimo, Kazma, Ryota Chikuzen and Kunio Toshima. Although Kaientai came up short of defeating the opposing team, it was a very emotional moment and the crowd showed their support after the match.

Kaientai reunited once again on the 2006 Indy Summit show on New Year's Eve where Taka Michinoku, Sho Funaki, Kaz Hayashi, Dick Togo and Men's Teioh defeated Makoto Oishi, Kudo, Katsuya Kishi, Shinjitsu Nohashi and Milanito Collection a.t. The Kaientai team claimed victory after Togo hit Oishi with a diving senton. On January 25, 2007, Taka Michinoku, Men's Teioh and Dick Togo appeared in Dragon Gate to take on the team of Cima, BxB Hulk and Matt Sydal.

Championships

 * Michinoku Pro Wrestling
 * British Commonwealth Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time) – Dick Togo
 * UWF Super Welterweight Championship (2 times) – Dick Togo (1 time), Men's Teioh (1 time)
 * FMW Independent World Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times) – Taka Michinoku
 * New Japan Pro-Wrestling
 * IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship (1 time) – Taka Michinoku & Dick Togo (Note: Not listed as Kai En Tai)
 * World Wrestling Federation
 * WWF Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time) – Taka Michinoku
 * WWF Hardcore Championship (1 time) – Shoichi Funaki
 * WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1 time) – Shoichi Funaki

title: Kai En Tai


text:
User talk:Draven5

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Rebecca Cummings
Draven5, You have previously helped with the Rebbecca Cummings article. The article has been put up for deletion. I would like your unbiased input on the article at Articles for deletion/Rebecca Cummings.

She may not be the most notable person on Wikipedia but she fits the notability criteria from the Wikipedia guideline Wikipedia:Notability (pornographic actors). Her notability is listed in her article and restated at Articles for deletion/Rebecca Cummings.

Thanks for your input!--HeartThrobs 22:17, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:00, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Draven5


text:
Category:Silver

Silver is a precious metal chemical element. It is an industrial commodity used in photography and electronics and is used for bullion, coins, jewellery and silversmithing.

title: Category:Silver


text:
Cantons of Ecuador

The Cantons of Ecuador are the second-level subdivisions of Ecuador, below the provinces. There are 221 cantons in the country, of which three are not in any province. The cantons are further sub-divided into parishes, which are classified as either urban or rural. Below is a list of cantons by province.

No provinces
There are or were four areas that are non-delimited. These locations are:
 * Las Golondrinas: In a referendum held on April 3, 2016, 56.9% of voters voted in favor of Las Golondrinas being incorporated into the Imbabura Province.
 * La Manga del Cura: In a referendum held on September 27, 2015, 64.2% of the voters voted in favor of La Manga del Cura being incorporated into the Manabí Province.
 * El Piedrero (surrounded by Guayas and Cañar)
 * Matilde Esther (surrounded by Los Ríos, Guayas and Bolívar)

Authorities
In each canton there is a jefe político, chosen by, and representing the interests of, the president. There is also a mayor (alcalde) and a municipal council (concejo municipal), chosen by popular vote.

title: Cantons of Ecuador


text:
Gourmet (magazine)

Gourmet magazine was a monthly publication of Condé Nast and the first U.S. magazine devoted to food and wine. The New York Times noted that "Gourmet was to food what Vogue is to fashion." Founded by Earle R. MacAusland (1890–1980), Gourmet, first published in January 1941, also covered "good living" on a wider scale, and grew to incorporate culture, travel, and politics into its food coverage. James Oseland, an author and editor in chief of rival food magazine Saveur, called Gourmet "an American cultural icon."

The magazine's contributors included James Beard, Laurie Colwin, M.F.K. Fisher, Lucius Beebe, George Plimpton, Anita Loos, Paul Theroux, Ray Bradbury, Annie Proulx, Elizabeth David, Madhur Jaffrey, and David Foster Wallace, whose essay "Consider the Lobster" appeared in Gourmet in 2004.

On October 5, 2009, Condé Nast announced that Gourmet would cease monthly publication by the end of 2009, due to a decline in advertising sales and shifting food interests among the readership. Editor Ruth Reichl, in the middle of a tour promoting the Gourmet Today cookbook, confirmed that the magazine's November 2009 issue, distributed in mid-October, was the magazine's last.

The Gourmet brand continues to be used by Condé Nast for book and television programming and recipes appearing on Epicurious.com. Since the end of its regular run, Condé Nast has also used the Gourmet brand in a series of special edition magazines, covering niches ranging from grilling and Italian food, to quick recipes, holiday foods, and comfort foods.

Founding and early years
Gourmet was founded by Earle MacAusland who went on to serve as publisher and editor in chief for nearly forty years. Its first issue, dated January 1941, announced that the new magazine was to be for "the honest seeker of the summum bonum of living." Its main competitor at the time was American Cookery, formerly the Boston Cooking School Magazine, also known as the “Boston Cooking-school Magazine Of Culinary Science And Domestic Economics”, which had been published since 1896. The Boston Cooking Magazine was founded by S.S. Pierce, a man who MacAusland took a lot of inspiration and lessons from. Much of the content was similar – articles on food, recipes by the magazine, recipes submitted by readers, recipes requested by readers and advice sought by readers. But American Cookery was illustrated in black-and-white, printed on newsprint, with smaller pages and content focused on America. Gourmet was upscale, slick, in color, with a focus on Europe and New York City, and most of its recipes carrying French names. In 1947, American Cookery closed, in part due to the rise of Gourmet. From 1945 to 1965, Gourmet's offices were located in the Plaza Hotel, in New York. In 1965, the magazine established its own test kitchen.

James Beard came on as an editor at Gourmet in the 1940s, becoming its restaurant critic in 1949. He left in 1950 after feuding with MacAusland, but returned in 1969. At some point, Craig Claiborne worked as a receptionist.

The publication introduced two popular features: "You Asked for It!," in which the magazine's staff answered recipe requests from readers, and "Sugar and Spice," which allowed readers to respond to each other's queries. In the 1950s, the magazine transitioned from illustration to photography under the supervision of Jane Montant, who would go on to become the magazine's executive editor from the early 1960s to 1980, and its editor in chief from 1980 to 1991.

Subsequent years
MacAusland died in 1980. Condé Nast bought the magazine in 1983. Montant remained editor in chief until 1991, when she retired. During Montant's tenure, Gourmet's circulation rose from 671,000 to 895,000. Montant was succeeded by Gail Zweigenthal, who has been working at the magazine since 1965.

In January 1999, it was announced that Ruth Reichl would leave her post as restaurant critic of The New York Times to become editor in chief of Gourmet. (Reichl had joined the Times in 1993; previously, she had been the restaurant critic for The Los Angeles Times.) Gourmet then had a circulation of about 880,000. Reichl was seen to raise the ambition level of Gourmet, introducing stories on such subjects as the plight of migrant tomato pickers in Florida, not-so-sustainably farm-raised salmon, and the ethical questions generated by boiling lobsters alive (in David Foster Wallace's now widely read piece "Consider the Lobster"). The magazine went on to win a number of National Magazine and James Beard Awards, and, with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt publishers, brought out The Gourmet Cookbook in 2004. The book featured 1,200 recipes published in the magazine over the previous 60 years. (In 2002, the Modern Library published Endless Feasts: Sixty Years Of Writing From Gourmet.)

The magazine poured extensive resources into developing and testing recipes, with 12 test-kitchen chefs and an in-house photographer. Food costs alone ran to over $100,000 a year.

The English journalist and food writer Jay Rayner noted that "Working for Gourmet was like flying the Atlantic first class. It ruined you for other food magazines. It wasn't just the pay, which could be multiple dollars per word. It was also the awe inspiring heft of the operation: the way food photography events were organised like they were Hollywood movie shoots, complete with casting calls and on-site catering; the attentions of the many editors; the pursuit by dreaded fact checkers."

In January 2008, Gourmet launched its own website. (Its content had previously been funneled into Epicurious.) The site included stories, reviews, videos, recipes, and archival material dating to the magazine's launch in 1941. Contributors included John T. Edge, Michael Pollan, Eric Ripert, Heston Blumenthal, and Colman Andrews. Reichl had been lobbying Condé Nast for a standalone Gourmet site since 1999. (To the chagrin of the magazine's staff, Gourmet's recipes would continue to appear on the Epicurious site.)

Closure
On October 5, 2009, Condé Nast Publications CEO Chuck Townsend announced that, as part of the continuing fallout from the economic downturn of 2008, the magazine would cease monthly publication; the company, he said, would "remain committed to the brand, retaining Gourmet's book publishing and television programming, and Gourmet recipes on Epicurious. We will concentrate our publishing activities in the epicurean category on Bon Appétit." Townsend acknowledged the difficulties for magazines in the wake of the economic meltdown of 2008. Reichl noted, "Our biggest advertising categories were automotive, banking, beauty, travel, high-end appliances and virtually that whole market was hit.” The decision to close the magazine was unexpected; the chef and restaurateur Alice Waters is said to have nearly cried when she heard the news of Gourmet's demise. (The magazine's circulation was about 980,000.)

In the aftermath of the announcement that Gourmet was folding, a new cookbook, Gourmet Today, released a few weeks before the news, saw a significant spike in sales. The cookbook included over 1,000 recipes for everything from vegetable dishes to cocktails.

In December 2009, the 3,500 cookbooks in Gourmet's research library were acquired by the Fales Library of New York University.

In September 2010, Condé Nast revived the brand as an app, but stopped updating it two years later.

In 2019, Reichl published Save Me the Plums, a memoir of her time at Gourmet.

Editors
As of 2009, the editor in chief for Gourmet was Ruth Reichl. The executive editor was John Willoughby, the executive food editor was Kemp M. Minifie, and the executive chef was Sara Moulton.

Editors in chief:
 * Pearl V. Mezelthin (1941–1943)
 * Earle R. MacAusland (1943–1980)
 * Jane Montant (1980–1991)
 * Gail Zweigenthal (1991–1998)
 * Ruth Reichl (1999–2009)

Expansion into television
Gourmet's Diary of a Foodie premiered on PBS in October 2006. The series won a James Beard Foundation Award in 2008. In October 2009, Gourmet's Adventures With Ruth premiered on PBS as a follow-up to Gourmet's Diary of a Foodie. The show featured Reichl visiting cooking schools around the world with well-known chefs.

title: Gourmet (magazine)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rexxar/Archive 1

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect. — Xezbeth 08:31, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Rexxar
non-notable. Complete text is: ''Rexxar is a Mok'nathal. He is half-ogre half-orc and is a beastmaster.'' Somebody's RPG character. delete RJFJR 19:36, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Bordering on nonsense. You 19:47, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect - Rexxar is the main character in the Warcraft III expansion set's bonus mini-campaign (see Warcraft III. -- Jonel 00:52, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * "Short article with very little content" - I would have speedied this. Delete DJ Clayworth 02:42, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense. JamesBurns 05:32, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect, but to Warcraft Universe rather than Warcraft III, as the character exists in Warcraft's lore beyond Warcraft III (he's an NPC in World of Warcraft, for example). --Dachannien 16:08, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect. He's not "somebody's RPG character", but there is too little material to fill an article of his own. - Sikon 10:29, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Humanist Canada

Humanist Canada (also known as the Humanist Association of Canada, or HAC or HC) is a national not-for-profit charitable organization promoting the separation of religion from public policy and fostering the development of reason, compassion and critical thinking for all Canadians through secular education and community support. Humanist Canada was founded in 1968 and has grown over the past five decades to become Canada’s national voice of Humanism. Humanist Canada is an associate member organization of Humanists International. The official symbol of the organization is a modified Happy Human in a red and blue maple leaf.

History
Humanist Canada has its roots in the former Humanist Fellowship of Montreal. This fellowship was an organization of humanists that was founded in 1954 by R. K. Mishra, Ernest Poser, and Maria Jutta Cahn. Bertrand Russell (Lord Russell) and Brock Chisholm were its first patrons.

Humanist Canada's first president was Henry Morgentaler, an activist for women's right to reproductive choice, in 1968. Humanist Canada continues to be involved in social justice issues including reproductive choice, the right to die with dignity, and the preservation of human rights.

Authority to perform marriages
In 1996, the Marriage Office of the Registrar General of Ontario granted Humanist Canada the authority to certify Humanist Officiants to legally solemnize marriages in Ontario. This was a milestone achievement as Humanist Canada is the first secular organization in Canada to secure the right to have Officiants licensed to perform weddings in Canada. To this end, the organization runs an Officiant training and mentoring program. In addition to training qualified candidates to perform weddings, prospective Officiants are trained how to perform funerals, child namings, and other rites of passage for couples and families who do not want religious aspects in their ceremonies. As of 2021, Humanist Canada has over 75 licensed Oficiants.

Humanist of the Year
Prominent Canadian writers, professors, activists, philosophers, and other Canadians who have made a difference in people's lives, have been honoured with Humanist Canada's "Humanist of the Year" award including:

 * June Callwood, founder of Casey House, the world's first hospice for people with HIV/AIDS (2007, posthumous).
 * Christopher diCarlo, professor of bioethics and cognitive evolution and creator of the Critical Thinking Solutions consulting firm with school boards to introduce critical thinking skills and programs in high school curriculums.
 * Grace MacInnis, a social Canadian politician and the first woman from British Columbia elected to the House of Commons of Canada.
 * Marian Sherman, a churchwoman turned atheist in postwar Victoria, BC. She promoted atheism and humanism throughout her community, province, and nation.
 * Margaret Atwood, notable Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, inventor, teacher, and environmental activist.
 * Sue Rodriguez, a Canadian right to die activist.
 * Robert Buckman, a doctor of medicine, comedian and author, and was president of Humanist Canada from 1999 to 2004.
 * John Ralston Saul, a Canadian writer, political philosopher, and public intellectual.
 * Claire Culhane, an activist for prisoner's rights in Canada.
 * Joe and Blodwen Piercy, who served the humanist cause faithfully. Pat Duffy Hutcheon, author who contributed to the clarification of the nature and origin of evolutionary naturalism necessary to modern humanism.
 * Kurt Vonnegut, author.
 * Evelyn Martens, first person to be arrested and found not guilty of assisting others to die in Canada.
 * Homa Arjomand, an Iranian political activist, resident in Canada, against the Sharia Court and the Director of Children First Now.
 * Henry Morgentaler, pro-choice advocate and first president of Humanist Canada.
 * Sue Johansen, a Canadian writer, public speaker, registered nurse, sex educator, and media personality.
 * As well as Lloyd Brereton, Larry Pinkus and Ralph Loomer.

Other awards: Robert J. Sawyer, Humanist in the Arts Award, Canadian science fiction writer. Leanne Iskander, Humanist Canada Youth Award, gay-straight alliance crusader.

Stance and activities
Humanist Canada's stated vision is: "To promote the separation of religion from public policy and foster the development of reason, compassion and critical thinking for all Canadians through secular education and community support."

The organization's missions is "A fair and equal society guided by critical thinking and compassion."

Values promoted: "To uphold honesty, reason, critical thinking and cooperation, in every facet of human interdependence. To encourage the efforts of Humanists and Humanism-focused organizations in Canada. To support initiatives and programs that advance Humanism and secularism. To provide secular ceremonies for life events, such as weddings and funerals through our certified Humanist Officiants."

Outreach activities include donations to charitable organizations and causes that advance scientific, academic, medical, and human rights efforts to improve the human condition. Recipients include Casey House ($5,000 donation in 2007) and the Royal Ontario Museum's "Darwin: the Evolution Revolution" exhibit ($50,000 in 2008), and over $62,000 for the Kasese Humanist School in Uganda.

Governance and management
Board of Directors – as of June 2021

 * President: Martin Frith (Ontario)
 * Vice President: Ric Glowienka (Ontario)
 * Secretary: Ruth Henrich (Ontario)
 * Treasurer: Ruth Henrich (Ontario)
 * Director: Donna Harris (Manitoba)
 * Director: Kathleen Johnson (Alberta)
 * Director: Sassan Sanei (Ontario)
 * Director: Sonia Mallet (Nova Scotia)

Notable Humanists

 * Henry Morgentaler (president emeritus), Holocaust survivor, women's reproductive rights activist, humanitarian, and Order of Canada member.
 * Robert Buckman (president emeritus), author of several books on improving patient care and morale; a media figure, his television programs included Magic or Medicine? and Human Wildlife, and has acted with the Monty Python comedy troupe.

. Pierre Trudeau, was a board member of the Humanists of Montreal
 * Christopher Hitchens who argued for reason, political secularism, and humanist ethics to a worldwide audience.
 * Stephen Hawking, a very special humanist both for his contributions to the understanding of the universe and for his disability outreach.
 * Richard Dawkins, founder of the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science
 * List of Humanists

Humanist Canada Alliances
Affiliations:
 * British Columbia Humanist Association
 * Grey Bruce Humanists
 * Humanist Association of Ottawa
 * Humanist Association of Toronto
 * Society of Freethinkers (southern Ontario)
 * Toronto Oasis
 * Ontario Humanist Society

Collaborations:
 * Association humaniste du Québec
 * Central Ontario Humanist Association
 * Comox Valley Humanists
 * Halton-Peel Humanist Community
 * Humanists, Atheists and Agnostics of Manitoba
 * Humanist Association of London
 * Secular Humanists in Calgary
 * Society of Freethinkers (southern Ontario)
 * Thunder Bay Humanists
 * Victoria Secular Humanist Association

Partners

 * Dying with Dignity
 * Secular Connexion Séculière
 * Canadian Secular Alliance
 * Centre for Inquiry - Canada

International

 * Humanists International
 * Humanists UK
 * American Humanist Association
 * Humanist Association of Germany
 * Humanist Association of Ireland
 * Humanist Society Scotland
 * European Humanist Federation

title: Humanist Canada


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/American holiness

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 07:15, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

American holiness

 * Delete Revolución 19:37, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep You 19:47, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't find either of the above votes terribly persuasive, but it gets 4,350 google hits so it's probably something wikipedia should be explaining. Keep. Kappa 21:05, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep only if expanded. — Phil Welch 00:55, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * American holiness is no different from any other. Delete, or redirect if that fails. DJ Clayworth 02:41, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable phrase. JamesBurns 05:32, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - opaque, if not meaningless, phrase for the concept described in such brevity --Mothperson 17:46, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neutralitytalk 17:47, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:Classical Contrapost

Odd title
Why "Classical"? It's not an inherent part of the concept: what about Baroque contrapposto? Or is this a confusion of "classic" with "classical"? And why the strange word "Contrapost" not in the Concise OED? "Counterpoise" would be the English term, if contrapposto weren't universal in art-historical discourse. Would Chiaroscuro become "Clear-Obscure"? Try googling "contrapost art" and "contrapposto art" and see if I'm mistaken. --Wetman 19:37, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC) --Just some thoughts. --Wetman 11:25, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Why "a term most commonly used in the visual arts..." In what other ways is it used, then?
 * "a more relaxed and less stiff appearance" Less stiff than what?
 * "Contrapost has been used since the dawn of classical western sculpture." This is vapouring. When is the earliest identifiable use of contrapposto? Might Greece be mentioned in this sentence?
 * "young men with the divine sense" What sense is that? How do we recognize "the divine sense" in a young man or a sculpture? Does the divine sense inform contrapposto in some way?
 * "Classical contrapost was revived in the Renaissance by the Italian artists Michelangelo..." What about Late Gothic contrapposto? How is that different? The contrast might sharpen the picture

title: Talk:Classical Contrapost


text:
Deputy superintendent of police

Deputy superintendent of police (DSP) is a rank used by several police forces in the Commonwealth and formerly in the British Empire. The rank is usually above assistant superintendent and below superintendent.

India
The rank of deputy superintendent of police (DSP or DySP) was created in 1876 as the policy of Indianisation was introduced. It was originally a rank only held by Indians and was equivalent to assistant superintendent (a rank then only held by Europeans).

Deputy superintendents of police are officers who belong to the State Police Services (SPS) of the respective Indian states. Officers are either directly recruited through the respective Public Service Commission examinations or promoted from lower ranks. Deputy superintendents of police can be promoted to the Indian Police Service (IPS) after several years of service which varies from 8 to 15 years depending on the state. Deputy superintendents of police are typically assigned the charge of a police sub-division under a police district in the post of sub-divisional police officer (SDPO). In the states of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, the post is known as circle officer (CO).

Under Indian law, a deputy superintendent of police may serve as the investigative officer (IO) in instances involving terrorism, dowry deaths, atrocities against scheduled caste, and corruption. The IPS rank of assistant superintendent of police (ASP) is equivalent to the rank of deputy superintendent of police. In the commissionerate system, the equivalent post is assistant commissioner of police (ACP). The rank above deputy superintendent of police is additional superintendent of police (Addl. SP) and the rank below is inspector.

Singapore
The rank of deputy superintendent of police is the highest rank attainable by an officer in the National Police Cadet Corps. The rank of acting deputy superintendent of police is vested onto NPCC headquarters appointment holders who have not actually attained the rank of deputy superintendent of police. The rank insignia of deputy superintendent of police and acting deputy superintendent of police is the same, with both wearing the Singapore coat of arms above a single pip.

NPCC officers who hold the rank of deputy superintendent of police have a single row of silver braid on the peak of their cap (for males) or bowler hat (for females).

title: Deputy superintendent of police


title: User:E2rd


text:
Talk:European comics

Untitled
There are many non-humorous European comics - how about people like Rosinski, Van Hamme, Bilal, Marini, etc.? Ausir 20:32, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Redundant first sentence
Somebody better fix the first sentence. It's redundant. --Theoneandonlyduncan (talk) 20:41, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:European comics


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Samuel Påhlsson

Samuel Olof Påhlsson (born December 17, 1977) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player who last played with Modo Hockey of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). Påhlsson spent the majority of his playing career in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Boston Bruins, Anaheim Ducks, Chicago Blackhawks, Columbus Blue Jackets and Vancouver Canucks. He was originally drafted 176th overall by the Colorado Avalanche at the 1996 NHL Entry Draft, though he never played for the team.

Påhlsson won an Olympic gold medal with Sweden at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, as well as a Stanley Cup the following season with Anaheim in 2007.

Sweden
After a stint with a fourth-tier men's league based out of his hometown of Ånge, Påhlsson joined the Modo Hockey organization in 1994–95, debuting in one Elitserien game. The following season, he split his time between Modo's Elitserien and junior teams. After recording 21 points over 30 junior games and 4 points over 36 Elitserien contests, Påhlsson was selected by the Colorado Avalanche, 176th overall, in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. Following his draft, he remained in Sweden for four more years before moving to North America to begin his NHL career. Joining Modo's Elitserien team full-time in 1996–97, he improved to 17 points over 49 games. Two seasons later, he recorded an Elitserien career-high 17 goals, 17 assists and 34 points over 50 games. During his tenure with Modo, he played alongside Daniel and Henrik Sedin, who went on to become his NHL teammates in with the Vancouver Canucks in 2012.

NHL
Following the 1999–2000 season, Påhlsson's NHL rights were traded from the Avalanche to the Boston Bruins on March 6, 2000. He was sent to Boston, along with Brian Rolston, Martin Grenier and a first-round pick in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft, in exchange for Dave Andreychuk and Ray Bourque. Påhlsson joined the Bruins for the 2000–01 season and played 17 games with the team before being traded once again on November 18, 2000, to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in exchange for Andrei Nazarov and Patrick Traverse. Påhlsson completed his NHL rookie campaign with nine points over 76 games.

The 2002–03 season brought Påhlsson and the Mighty Ducks to the Stanley Cup Finals, though they were defeated in seven games by the New Jersey Devils.

During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Påhlsson returned to Sweden to play for Frölunda HC, helping the team to an Elitserien championship. With 11 points over 14 post-season games, Påhlsson was named to the Playoff All-Star Team. With Frölunda, he played on a line with fellow NHL players P. J. Axelsson and Daniel Alfredsson. Påhlsson returned to the Ducks the next year in the 2005–06 season, where the team advanced to the Conference Finals, being defeated by the Edmonton Oilers. In the 2006–07 season, Anaheim returned to the Stanley Cup Finals. Since their last trip to the Finals, the Ducks' roster had changed significantly, though Påhlsson was one of the few remaining players from 2003. He was primarily utilized on the Ducks' checking line alongside Travis Moen and Rob Niedermayer. Påhlsson's efforts in a defensive role were instrumental in Anaheim's successful season; he helped the Ducks defeat the Ottawa Senators in five games to win his and the Ducks' first Stanley Cup. He totalled 12 points over 21 games in the playoffs, including the winning goal in Game 2 of the Finals. He was nominated for the Frank J. Selke Trophy as the NHL's best defensive forward during the regular season, ultimately losing out to defending champion Rod Brind'Amour of the Carolina Hurricanes.

In the last year of his contract in 2008–09, Påhlsson was dealt at the NHL trade deadline on March 4, 2009, along with Logan Stephenson, to the Chicago Blackhawks in exchange for James Wisniewski and Petri Kontiola. Påhlsson advanced to the Western Conference Finals with the Blackhawks, where they were eliminated by the Detroit Red Wings. Becoming an unrestricted free agent in the off-season, Påhlsson signed a three-year contract worth an annual average value of $2.65 million with the Columbus Blue Jackets on July 1, 2009.

In a similar scenario to his trade from the Ducks three years prior, Påhlsson was once again traded for the last season of his contract on February 27, 2012. He was sent to the Vancouver Canucks for defenceman Taylor Ellington and two fourth-round draft picks in 2012. Påhlsson scored his first goal as a Canuck on March 8, a game-winner against the Winnipeg Jets.

Return to Sweden
On June 18, 2012, in advance of the NHL's free agency period, Påhlsson ended his North American career to return to Sweden and signed a three-year contract to captain his original club, Modo Hockey. Upon his return to Modo, after enjoying a primarily healthy career in the NHL, Påhlsson tore his Achilles tendon, which limited him to 23 injury-affected games in the 2012–13 season. Påhlsson captained Modo in his first two seasons before becoming alternate captain in his final professional season in 2014–15. He added 14 points in 53 games before ending his professional career on April 16, 2015.

International play
In 2005–06, Påhlsson played for the Swedish Olympic team at the Winter Olympics in Turin, where he won the gold medal, playing the final games with his old line mates from the year before in Frölunda.

title: Samuel Påhlsson


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Govt college khandola

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep and move. Moved to Government College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Khandola. Eugene van der Pijll 20:01, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Govt college khandola
This is non notable. I think it should either be deleted or merged with the education section of Goa. It certainly doesn't deserve its own page.WAvegetarian 19:41, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, expand, move to better title. Fairly settled policy that colleges/universities are inherently notable - let's not have a Europe/America/Australia bias about it. -- BD2412 talk 21:27, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)
 * Keep expand and re-title. Tertiary institutions are generally considered to be notable. Capitalistroadster 23:06, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. We're keeping articles about primary schools, so it doesn't seem right to delete articles about degree-awarding institutions. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 23:08, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable college. JamesBurns 05:33, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Send to Cleanup for a month, and delete if no improvement. Niteowlneils 22:46, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .