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Carnivore protoparvovirus 1

Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 is a species of parvovirus that infects carnivorans. It causes a highly contagious disease in both dogs and cats separately. The disease is generally divided into two major genogroups: FPV containing the classical feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV), and CPV-2 containing the canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) which appeared in the 1970s.

Belonging to the family Parvoviridae, FPLV have linear, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes. This agent is one of the smallest animal viruses, barely 18 to 20 nm in diameter. Like other parvovirus genomes, it has hairpin structures at both ends of its genome: 3-genome Y-type structure and 5-terminal U-shaped structure, making it challenging to amplify the full-length genome of parvovirus despite its small size. Sequences in the genome show a high degree of nucleotide conservation in the VP2 gene after over 90 years since it has emerged; the VP2 gene codes for the capsid protein VP2, a main structural protein, which determines the major mutations during the evolution of CPV.

FPLV is known to infect all wild and domestic members of the felid (cat) family worldwide. It is a highly contagious, severe infection that causes gastrointestinal, immune system, and nervous system disease. Its primary effect is to decrease the number of white blood cells, causing the disease known as feline panleukopenia.

Although it was once thought that only FPLV caused panleukopenia in cats, it has been confirmed that a feline panleukopenia illness can be caused by CPV 2a, 2b, and 2c.

FPLV is commonly referred to as:

 * feline infectious enteritis virus (FIE)
 * feline parvovirus (FPV or FP or "feline parvo")
 * feline parvoviral enteritis

It is sometimes confusingly referred to as "cat plague" and "feline distemper".

In addition to members of the felid family, it can also affect other carnivorans (e.g. raccoon, mink).

Etymology
Formed within English using elements derived from Greek: pan- a combining form meaning "universal" or "worldwide", -leuco- a combining form meaning (in biologic sciences) "white blood cell", and -penia a combining form meaning "loss of" or "decrease of". Thus the word means universal loss of white blood cells. The universal part refers to both its worldwide distribution and to the fact that all species of cats are infected.

Transmission
The feline panleukopenia virus is considered ubiquitous, meaning it is in virtually every place that is not regularly disinfected. The infection is highly contagious among unvaccinated cats.

Antibodies against FPLV, produced by the adaptive immune system, play an important role in the feline response to the virus. Maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) efficiently protect kittens from fatal infection. This passively acquired immunity is later replaced by an active immune response obtained by vaccination or as a consequence of a natural infection. In kittens, the period of greatest susceptibility to infection is when maternal antibodies are absent, or waning, and vaccine-induced immunity has not yet fully developed.

Free-roaming cats are thought to be exposed to the virus during their first year of life. Those that develop a subclinical infection or survive acute illness mount a robust, long-lasting, protective immune response.

An infected cat sheds large amounts of virus in all body secretions including feces, vomit, urine, saliva, and mucus during the acute phase of illness. It can continue to shed the virus for as long as six weeks after recovery. Subclinically ill cats can also shed the virus in body secretions. The virus can be carried or transferred on an infected object (such as bedding, food dishes, fur) or by other animals, fleas, and humans (see: fomites). It persists long after evidence of the original body secretion has faded away, and can be transported long distances. Like all parvoviruses, FPLV is extremely resistant to inactivation and can survive for longer than one year in a suitable environment. Kitten deaths have been reported in households of fully vaccinated cats, possibly because of exposure to large amounts of virus in the environment. In a recent study, microRNA responses to FPLV infection were identified in feline kidney cells by sequencing, providing a possible link between miRNA expression and pathogenesis of FPV infection.

Infection occurs when the virus enters the body through the mouth or nose. Whether illness results or not depends on the immunity in the victim vs. the number of individual virus particles (i.e. the amount of virus) entering the body.

Clinical signs
The clinical manifestations of FPLV are variable based on the dose of the virus, the age of the cat, potential breed predispositions, and prior immunity from maternal antibodies, previous exposure, or vaccination. Most infections are subclinical, as evidenced by the high seroprevalence of anti-FPV antibodies among some populations of unvaccinated, healthy cats. The cats that become clinically ill are usually less than one year old, but older cats are also at risk. There is high mortality in clinically affected kittens and sudden death can occur.

Clinical signs usually develop in 4–6 days after exposure, but can show in 2–14 days. The virus infects and destroys actively dividing cells in bone marrow, lymphoid tissues, intestinal epithelium, and—in very young animals—in the cerebellum and retina. The virus primarily attacks the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, causing internal ulceration and, ultimately, total sloughing of the intestinal epithelium.

Primary signs include:

 * anorexia
 * lethargy
 * profuse watery to bloody diarrhea (bloody diarrhea is more common in dogs with parvovirus than cats )
 * vomiting (most common in cats )

Clinical laboratory findings include (but are not limited to):

 * electrolyte and total protein concentrations that reflect dehydration, vomiting, and diarrhea.
 * leukopenia
 * lymphopenia
 * neutropenia
 * thrombocytopenia

Other signs include: fever, loss of skin elasticity due to dehydration, abdominal pain, sternal recumbency with splayed legs and head droop, nasal discharge and conjunctivitis. Cats may sit at a water bowl, but not drink. Terminal cases are hypothermic and may develop septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Infection in pregnant cats can result in fetal resorption, mummification, abortion, or stillbirth of neonates. Fetuses infected in utero that survive and kittens less than a few weeks of age that become infected can have cerebellar hypoplasia, retinal dysplasia, and optic neuropathy.

Diagnosis
A presumptive clinical diagnosis of FPLV can be made for kittens with appropriate signalment, history, clinical findings and the history of no prior vaccination.

The clinical diagnosis is usually supported by documenting parvovirus antigen in feces by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays. The availability of validated assays varies by country but is becoming more common. PCR assays are so sensitive that FPV DNA can be amplified from feces of cats vaccinated with modified live strains of the virus. Attenuated parvoviruses in MLV vaccines replicate in the blood and intestine, and post-vaccinal fecal shedding of FPV has been demonstrated, which can result in recent vaccinations giving false positive results on diagnostic tests. At least one of the ELISA antigen tests for dogs (SNAP®Parvo; IDEXX Laboratories) detects FPV in feline feces and has a cut point for a positive test result that excludes most vaccinated cats. Thus, this ELISA is superior to PCR for screening cats for FPV infection and can also be performed in the veterinary clinic. (These are only approved and licensed for detecting canine parvovirus, but it is generally known that they also detect FPL viral antigen in feline feces. These tests are used extra-label because they allow rapid, inexpensive, in-house detection of the virus. ) Positive fecal SNAP test results, including weak positives, are highly likely to be true positives in clinically affected animals. Some cats will have completed the shedding period by the time the test is run, leading to false-negative results. Electron microscopy, virus isolation and seroconversion can also be used to document active or recent infection.

Leukopenia on a complete blood count (nadir 50–3,000 WBC/μL) supports a diagnosis of FPLV. In an unvaccinated cat, the presence of antibodies against FPV indicates that the cat either has the disease or has had the disease in the past. Elevated IgM titers (1:10 or greater) indicate active infection and if clinical signs are obvious (diarrhea, panleukopenia) the prognosis is poor. Elevated IgG titers (1:100 or greater) in a cat with clinical signs indicates a better prognosis.

Differential diagnoses include salmonellosis, enteric toxins, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), cryptosporidiosis, pancreatitis, septicaemia with acute endotoxemia, toxoplasmosis, peritonitis, and lymphoma.

Treatment
To contain the virus, cats with suspected or diagnosed FPLV should be kept in isolation.

It requires immediate, aggressive treatment if the cat is to survive, as it can be fatal in less than 24 hours. Several articles and publications provide guidance for rescuers and veterinarians for optimizing outcomes.

Treatment involves:

 * anti-emetics
 * IV antibiotics
 * intravenous fluids with electrolytes
 * injections of vitamin B
 * plasma or whole blood transfusion

Feeding should be continued as long as possible. A highly digestible diet is preferred, but the individual animal's preferences may dictate giving whatever it will eat. In anorexic, hypoproteinemic, vomiting and diarrheic cats parenteral nutrition is required.

In a disease outbreak, unvaccinated kittens or adults can be given anti-FPV serum containing FPV antibodies injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneal. This may provide protection for 2–4 weeks. Therapeutic efficacy of anti-FPV serum has been demonstrated in dogs, and similar beneficial effects may be expected in cats.

Several studies have shown recombinant feline interferon omega is effective in the treatment of parvoviral enteritis in dogs and also inhibits replication of FPV in cell culture. So far no data are available on its efficacy in FPV-infected cats.

Complications
Cats typically die due to complications associated with sepsis, dehydration, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). Leukocytopenia predisposes patients to secondary infections, especially bacterial and fungal, though secondary viral infections also occur.

It has been stated that cats with FPLV may be at risk for endocarditis or cardiomyopathy (since CPV-2 is a well-known cause of viral myocarditis in young puppies), but a 2017 retrospective study concluded that "Feline Panleukopenia Virus Is Not Associated With Myocarditis or Endomyocardial Restrictive Cardiomyopathy in Cats".

Prognosis
Mortality in affected felid litters varies between 20 and 100%. Mortality of FPLV is 25–90% in domestic cats with the acute form of the disease and up to 100% in cats with peracute disease.

In 2010, a retrospective study of 244 infected cats showed that "leukocyte and thrombocyte counts as well as serum albumin and potassium concentrations at presentation are prognostic indicators in cats with panleukopenia, whereas vaccination status, age, clinical signs, and housing conditions are not."

A survival rate of about 50% has been reported with supportive therapies. Cats with FPLV that survive the first five days of treatment usually recover; however, the decrease in the cat's white blood cells compromises its immune system, leaving it vulnerable to secondary infection. Lifelong immunity is thought to follow recovery from disease, and a carrier state of the disease has never been identified.

Quarantine/isolation
Cats with suspected or diagnosed FPLV should be kept in isolation. This non-enveloped virus is very resistant to environmental conditions and many disinfectants, is highly contagious, and rapidly accumulates in the environment due to high shedding of virus from affected animals. Strict protocols for containment – with isolation, minimal handling, and disinfection of all potential sources of fomites – is warranted. Recovered cats can still shed the virus for up to six weeks and can carry it on their body for prolonged periods.

Vaccination
The practice of recommending and giving vaccines on a fixed schedule with annual boosters has been widely discarded. Current recommendations are based on the philosophy of vaccinating each cat no more frequently than necessary. These recommendations take into account considerations for the efficacy and longevity of each specific vaccine; the exposure, risk, and need of different cat populations; and socioeconomic limitations.

Recommendations vary for:

 * animal shelters
 * boarding facilities (or animals going into them)
 * breeders
 * community cats (free-roaming and/or feral) or TNR (Trap Neuter Return) programs
 * owned pets (and based on "inside only" or "in and out")

The FPLV vaccination is considered a "core" (essential for health) vaccine and is recommended for all domestic cats. Even cats kept indoors can be infected from fomite transmission.

Several types and brands of commercial FPLV vaccines are available to induce acquired immunity. These include:

 * killed virus ("non-infectious" ) adjuvanted
 * killed virus non adjuvanted
 * modified-live virus (MLV or "infectious" ) adjuvanted
 * modified-live virus non adjuvanted

Combination vaccines that protect against several common viruses, including FPLV, are also available.

Selection or use of a specific type/brand of a vaccine may vary depending on the overall risk of viral infection to the specific animal in its environment, along with considerations for the time it takes to confer protection, its overall efficacy, the animal's health, and the potential risks associated with MLV vs killed, adjuvanted vs nonadjuvanted, intranasal/ocular vs injection.

Modified-live FPLV vaccines are not recommended in pregnant queens, very young kittens, or cats with FIV or FeLV.

Kittens without maternally derived antibodies are especially vulnerable. FPLV vaccination can start as early as 4 weeks of age for kittens at high risk but are usually started at 6 weeks, then given every 3–4 weeks until 16 weeks of age. For cats older than 16 weeks, 2 doses, 3 to 4 weeks apart is generally recommended, followed by a 6-month to 1-year booster. Thereafter, a booster vaccination every 3 years is usually recommended; a blood titer test can be done to determine individual antibody levels for catering the timing of boosters.

title: Carnivore protoparvovirus 1


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Space Precinct

Space Precinct is a British television series that was first broadcast by syndication in the United States between 1994 and 1995. In the UK, it was first shown on channel Sky One between March and August 1995, and later BBC Two from September 1995 to March 1996. Many US stations scheduled the show in late night time periods, which resulted in low ratings and contributed to its cancellation. The series was based on an unbroadcast 1986 pilot movie titled Space Police featuring Shane Rimmer.

The series was created by Gerry Anderson and was a combination of science fiction and police procedural.

Premise
The series features American actor Ted Shackelford as former NYPD detective Patrick Brogan, now a lieutenant with the Demeter City police force on the planet Altor in the star system Epsilon Eridani. Brogan and his partner Jack Haldane (played by Rob Youngblood) must adjust to living in another star system, and investigating crimes being committed by aliens as well as humans. Also featuring was Danish actress Simone Bendix as Officer Jane Castle, Haldane's love interest (Brogan was happily married with a wife, daughter and son who relocated to Demeter City with him). All other major characters were played by actors wearing complex make-up that also included elements of puppetry in order to depict the different alien races. Brogan's badge, number 2040, was used in the opening credits, resulting in the common misconception that the show is set in 2040.

Brogan family

 * Ted Shackelford as Lieutenant Patrick Brogan.
 * Nancy Paul as Sally Brogan.
 * Nick Klein as Matthew "Matt" Brogan.
 * Megan Olive as Elizabeth "Liz" Brogan.

Demeter City Police

 * Rob Youngblood as Officer Jack Haldane.
 * Simone Bendix as Officer Jane Castle.
 * Joseph Mydell as Officer Lionel Carson.
 * Gary Martin as the voice of Slomo - Station 88's robot computer.

Creons

 * Jerome Willis as Captain Rexton Podly
 * Lou Hirsch as Officer Silas Romek
 * Richard James as Officer Hubble Orrin
 * Kieron Jecchinis as the voice of Officer Hubble Orrin
 * Tom Watt as Officer Beezle (four episodes)
 * Gary Martin as the voice of Officer Beezle (four episodes)

Tarns

 * Mary Woodvine as Officer Aurelia Took
 * Colette Hiller as the voice of Officer Aurelia Took
 * David Quilter as Sergeant Thorald Fredo

Other characters
Appearing as various guest aliens: Rob Thirtle, Leigh Tinkler, Andy Dawson, Joanna Berns, Wayne Forester, Alexa Rosewood, Ken Whitfield, and Will Barton.

Episodes
The dates of broadcast shown are the US first syndication dates.

Production
The series was filmed between May 1994 and April 1995 at Pinewood Studios. The special effects were filmed at Shepperton Studios.

The series was one of the highest-budgeted shows Anderson produced, and was relatively popular in Europe. However, in a repeat of the situation that UFO encountered 25 years earlier, American broadcasters were uncertain what to make of the series that seemed to be intended for young viewers, yet featured adult-oriented storylines and was usually played straight despite the bizarre storylines and make-up. As a result, Space Precinct was often scheduled in late-night or early-morning time slots. The subsequent low ratings resulted in its cancellation after just one series.

Pilot
The idea for Space Precinct predated the series by nearly a decade. In 1986, Anderson and his then business partner Christopher Burr produced Space Police, a 53-minute pilot movie featuring Anderson regular Shane Rimmer as Lieutenant Chuck Brogan. The pilot, which is more comedic in nature than the somewhat serious series that followed, combined live action, full-size prosthetics, puppetry, and Supermacromation techniques. Production was based at Bray Film Studios and involved eight weeks of special effects shooting. The completed movie, subtitled "Star Laws", was screened at the 45th World Science Fiction Convention in 1987. In 1989, Anderson produced a condensed 24-minute version in collaboration with the Moving Picture Company.

Although it has never been shown on television, the pilot has been available in DVD format since 2002. It features many differences from the later series. Brogan is a much older character than that played by Shackleford, and is a bachelor. His partner — and the only other apparently human character in the pilot — is Sergeant Cathy Costello, who is revealed to be a gynoid capable of shifting between human appearance and a more robotic appearance for dangerous missions. The aliens featured in the pilot are catlike rather than the more exotic aliens in Space Precinct. The only character other than Brogan to transfer from the pilot to the series is the robot Slo-Mo.

Jim Henson was impressed by the pilot and offered to finance a series through his company Henson International Television (HIT), but negotiations between Anderson and Henson were terminated after a management buyout of HIT in 1989. No further progress was made on a sale until 1991, when Mentorn Films adopted the project and secured funding from American company Grove Television Enterprises. The BBC ordered a series of 13 episodes, but withdrew the commission after reduction of its drama programming budget. The title Space Police was retained until 1994, shortly before the series began filming, when the production companies learnt of the trademark on Lego's "Space Police" and renamed the series Space Precinct.

Home media
Space Precinct was released on DVD in the UK but, as of 2015, is out of print. As of 2023 ,It is available to watch on the BritBox streaming service in the UK. It was released on DVD in North America on 23 November 2010. As of July 2017 Space Precinct is available in the US on streaming service Amazon Prime. In November 2018, the complete series was re-released as a DVD box set in Region 2, by Network DVD. In February 2024 the series became available to stream on Peacock.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Space Precinct


text: User talk:69.203.158.50

title: User talk:69.203.158.50


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Arburg

Arburg GmbH + Co KG (referred to as ARBURG) is a German machine manufacturing company. It is owned by the Hehl and Keinath families and, with its electric, hybrid and hydraulic plastic injection moulding machines, turnkey systems and its industrial additive manufacturing system, is among the industry leaders worldwide. With approximately 2,500 employees in Germany and a further 500 worldwide, Arburg serves sales markets for machines with clamping forces ranging from 125 to 6,500 kN.

The machines are used for plastic part production in industries such as automotive, communications and consumer electronics, medical technology, domestic appliances and packaging. In addition, modular robotic systems and peripheral devices are produced. Arburg is represented by fully owned organisations at 33 locations in 25 countries and by trading partners in more than 50 countries. The central production and administration site is Lossburg in the Northern Black Forest, while other German locations include the "Technology Centers" in Radevormwald and Rednitzhembach.

The globally operating Hehl Group recorded a consolidated turnover of 750 million euros in 2018. With its arburgGreenworld programme, the injection moulding manufacturer Arburg is committed to circular economy and to the sustainable use of resources. Arburg's name was added to the Lexikon der deutschen Weltmarktführer, a compendium of German global market leaders, in 2010.

Applications
In addition to standard injection moulding processes, the company also offers special equipment for areas such as multi-component injection moulding, the processing of thermoset, elastomer and silicone (Liquid Silicone Rubber), gas and water injection moulding technology (GIT, WIT), foaming technology, overmoulding of inserts, PIM (Powder Injection Moulding including: Metal Injection Moulding and Ceramic Injection Moulding) as well as clean room technology. Moreover, Arburg has its own system for additive manufacturing (freeformer).

Milestones

 * 1923: Establishment of the Hehl family business
 * 1956: Serial production of injection moulding machines begins
 * 1960: Sale of the thousandth injection moulding machine
 * 1961: Patent for the Allrounder principle, enabling up to ten different working positions on a single machine
 * 1962: Development and production of the first two-colour machine
 * 1982: First machine featuring a graphical user interface
 * 1993: Introduction of the "Selogica" control system
 * 2000: Inauguration of Arburg II, adding a further 36,000 square metres of floorspace to the production area, resulting in a total of 146,000 square metres
 * 2006: Allrounder injection moulding machines with clamping forces up to 5,000 kN
 * 2009: Inauguration of the new Arburg Customer Center
 * 2012: Celebration of 60 years of training at Arburg with 1,500 trainees
 * 2013: Presentation of the freeformer additive manufacturing system (ARBURG Plastic Freeforming)
 * 2015: Senior partner Eugen Hehl is inducted into the "Plastics Hall of Fame"
 * 2016: Inauguration of the new assembly hall in Lossburg – expansion to 165,000 square metres
 * 2016: Presentation of the Allrounder 1120 H with a clamping force of 6,500 kN in a new design and with the new "Gestica" control system.
 * 2018: Presentation of the largest freeformer 300-3X
 * 2020: Inauguration of the new Arburg training centre

Awards (Selection)

 * 2012 "Georg-Menges-Preis" for Herbert Kraibuehler
 * 2014 Reddot Design Award for the "freeformer" 3D printer
 * 2015 Eugen Hehl is inducted into the "Plastics Hall of Fame"
 * 2015 Baden-Wuerttemberg Competence Prize for Eugen Hehl
 * 2016 Leonardo da Vinci Award for the “freeformer” 3D printer
 * 2017 Industry 4.0 Prize
 * 2018 Triple award for Arburg’s training programme
 * 2018 iF Design Award for the "Allrounder 1120 H"
 * 2018 Reddot Design Award for the "Gestica" control system
 * 2019 Bosch Global Supplier Award
 * 2020 VDI medal of honour for Eugen Hehl

title: Arburg


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Western Lombard dialects

Western Lombard is a group of dialects of Lombard, a Romance language spoken in Italy. It is widespread in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como, Lecco, Sondrio, a small part of Cremona (except Crema and its neighbours), Lodi and Pavia, and the Piedmont provinces of Novara, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, the eastern part of the Province of Alessandria (Tortona), a small part of Vercelli (Valsesia), and Switzerland (the Canton of Ticino and part of the Canton of Graubünden). After the name of the region involved, land of the former Duchy of Milan, this language is often referred to as Insubric (see Insubria and Insubres) or Milanese, or, after Clemente Merlo, Cisabduano (literally "of this side of Adda River").

Western Lombard and Italian
In Italian-speaking contexts, Western Lombard is often incorrectly called a dialect of Italian. Western Lombard and Standard Italian are very different. Some speakers of Lombard varieties may have difficulty understanding one another and require a standard to communicate, but all Western Lombard varieties are mutually intelligible. Western Lombard is relatively homogeneous (much more so than Eastern Lombard), but it has a number of variations, mainly in relation to the vowels, and the development of  into.

Western Lombard has no official status in Lombardy or anywhere else. The only official language in Lombardy is Italian.

Grammar
The general lines of diachronics of Western Lombard plural declension are drawn here, with reference to Milanese orthography:

Feminine
Most feminine words end with the inflection -a; the feminine plural is non-inflected (la legora / i legor ; la cadrega / i cadregh). The final vowel keeps its original length (non-final syllables have no difference), which is often long when it is followed by a voiced consonant and short when it is followed by a voiceless consonant. When the stem ends with a particular consonant cluster, there can be the addition of a final -i or of a schwa between consonants (for example: in Milanese sing. scendra, plur. scendr > scender). For adjectives, the plural form and masculine form are often the same.

Masculine
Most masculine nouns lack inflections, and the plural masculine is always non-inflected (el tramvaj/i tramvaj; el lett/i lett ). When the word stem ends with a particular group of consonants, both singular and plural forms can add a schwa between consonants; otherwise, a final -o (pron. /u/) is added to singular nouns, -i for plurals.

Masculine words ending in -in or, less commonly, in -ett, have plurals in -itt (fiolin/fiolitt). Those ending in -ll have plurals in -j, (el sidell/i sidej ; el porscell/i porscej ; el cavall / i cavaj). The same occurs in the determinate article: singular ell > el, plural elli > ej > i.

Masculine words ending in -a are invariable and are proper nouns, words from Ancient Greek or idiomatic words such as pirla, a derogatory term for a person.

Varieties
Western Lombard can be divided into four main varieties: lombardo alpino (spoken in the provinces of Sondrio and of Verbania, Sopraceneri of Canton Ticino and Grigioni in Switzerland), lombardo-prealpino occidentale (spoken in the provinces of Como, Varese and Lecco, Lugano and its neighbors in Canton Ticino), basso-lombardo occidentale (Pavia and Lodi), and macromilanese (provinces of Milan, Monza, Novara and Valsesia of Vercelli). The boundaries are obviously schematic, since the political division in provinces and municipalities are usually independent from languages spoken.

Examples of Western Lombard language are:

 * Milanese or Meneghin (macromilanese)
 * Bustocco and Legnanese
 * Brianzöö (lombardo-prealpino occidentale - macromilanese)
 * Monzese
 * Comasco-Lecchese (lombardo-prealpino occidentale)
 * Comasco
 * Laghée
 * Intelvese
 * Vallassinese
 * Lecchese
 * Valsassinese
 * Ossolano
 * Varesino or Bosin (lombardo-prealpino occidentale)
 * Alpine Lombard (lombardo alpino, influence from Ladin)
 * Valtellinese
 * Chiavennasco
 * Ticinese (lombardo alpino) (influence from Ladin)
 * Southwestern Lombard (basso-lombardo occidentale)
 * Paves (influences from Emilian-Romagnol, Piedmontese, and Ligurian)
 * Ludesan (influence from Emilian)
 * Nuaresat (lombardo-prealpino occidentale - macromilanese)
 * Cremunéez (influence from Emilian-Romagnol)
 * Slangs
 * Spasell

Phonology
The following information is based on the Milanese dialect:

Consonants

 * occurs only as a nasal sound before velar stops.
 * The central approximant sounds are mainly heard as allophones of  when preceding vowels.
 * is not typically pronounced, and only occurs in a few words from Italian.

Vowels

 * A double vowel aa is pronounced as or .  may also be pronounced as.

Orthography
The most important orthography in Western Lombard literature is the Classical Milanese orthography. It was used by Carlo Porta (1775–1821) and Delio Tessa (1886–1939). It was perfected by the Circolo Filologico di Milano. Other orthographies are the Ticinese, the Comasca, the Bosina, the Nuaresat, and the Lecchese.

Literature
An extensive Western Lombard literature is available. Texts include various dictionaries, a few grammars, and a 2020 translation of the Gospels arranged into an account of the life of Christ.

title: Western Lombard dialects


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User talk:S-FACE

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. andy 11:27, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

You have been temporarily blocked from editing for vandalism of Wikipedia. If you wish to make useful contributions, you are welcome to come back after the block expires. JRM · Talk 11:29, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)

title: User talk:S-FACE


text:
Category:BMT Nassau Street Line stations

Stations on the BMT Nassau Street Line of the New York City Subway.


text:
Remnant Media

Remnant Media was a British publisher of magazines, especially pornographic magazines. Remnant Media published Asian Babes, Readers Wives, Horny Housewives, Mega Boobs, Mothers-in-Law, Big Ones, Just 18, and 60 Plus. Remnant Media also published the gay lifestyle magazine Attitude until January 2007.

History
Remnant Media was established by Simon Robinson in March 2004 when Richard Desmond's company Northern and Shell sold a package of 45 titles, for about £20m, to Remnant Media in order to help reshape Desmond's image as part of his strategy to bid for The Daily Telegraph. The Bank of Scotland became embroiled in controversy by lending Remnant Media £5 million towards the financing package.

In December 2005, Remnant Media created an offshoot publishing company SMD Publishing which was dissolved in July 2010. Publications under SMD included Hotdog and Front.

Liquidation
Remnant Media entered administration in late 2007. The assets of the company were soon sold to Trojan Publishing, itself soon acquired by Interactive Publishing. Trojan went into liquidation from 2010 and was dissolved by May 2013.

title: Remnant Media


text:
Evil Dead: Regeneration

Evil Dead: Regeneration is an action hack and slash video game developed by American studio Cranky Pants Games, published by THQ, and released for Windows, PlayStation 2 and Xbox. It is based on The Evil Dead series. It is unconnected to the previous video game Evil Dead: A Fistful of Boomstick. The game takes place in an alternate reality from the original trilogy where the film Army of Darkness never took place, depicting what would have happened if Ash did not get sent back in time at the end of the film Evil Dead II.

Plot
Ash Williams (voiced by Bruce Campbell) is locked away in an asylum for the criminally insane, as a result of the events that took place in The Evil Dead and Evil Dead II. Convinced the world thinks he is crazy, the truth is much more nefarious. His doctor, Dr. Reinhard, somehow in possession of Professor Raymond Knowby's diary and the Necronomicon Ex-Mortis, plans on using the books to bring about his ascension to power. In the process he releases an army of Deadites on the unsuspecting world and it is Ash's job to stop the doctor and put the Deadites back where they belong.

The game begins in Sunny Meadows, the asylum Ash is committed to. Ash is briefly visited by his lawyer, Sally Bowline who mentions how she found Professor Knowby's diary and believes Ash's story about the Necronomicon and the cabin. Ash thanks Sally for her efforts and awkwardly flirts with her. Just after Sally leaves, Reinhard accidentally unleashes the dead through the Necronomicon. The evil also breaks Ash free in the process. Ash travels through the asylum killing deadites with a pistol he retrieved from a dead security guard. He eventually finds his clothing, his boomstick and his chainsaw in the process. As he goes through the asylum, Ash finds an electric deadite named Sparky. Ash kills Sparky and decapitates him. Ash briefly breaks the fourth wall, telling us that "Ash is back in business", and throws Sparky's head away. Ash proceeds through the nearby cellar. However, just as he is about to leave the asylum, Professor Knowby's spirit appears to Ash, telling him that Reinhard's plan requires the closing of several portals and how Sally is in danger for having the diary. Ash teams up with a diminutive victim of Reinhard, a half-dead man named Sam (voiced by Ted Raimi) who can return from any death (as he is half-Deadite, but isn't affected by the evil). His condition grants him many mystical skills.

Ash and Sam travel through to a cemetery and eventually find a portal in the nearby catacombs. However, guarding the portal is a large deadite queen. Ash kills the queen with Sam's help and Sam closes the portal. The evil spirit inside the queen goes into Ash, briefly making him a deadite. However, for some reason, Ash can now control when he can turn into "Evil Ash".

Ash and Sam go through the woods surrounding Sunny Meadows to find it infested with deadites as well. Ash finds a harpoon gun in a trash pile and modifies it onto his right hand. Ash and Sam, with the help of his harpoon gun, make their way into an abandoned mine where they find another portal while fending off deadite miners. However, as soon as they get there, a spirit possesses one of the deadite miners, turning it into a hulking monster. Ash and Sam kill the deadite miner and close the portal. Professor Knowby tells them that Reinhard has his diary finally and needs a human sacrifice. Ash believes that Sally is the one he intends to sacrifice. Ash and Sam follow a mine shaft towards nearby docks where another portal is believed to be located; while there, Ash goes through another trash pile and finds a high powered torpedo gun. The duo destroy a fish creature guarding the docks portal.

Ash and Sam make their way through a swamp, where they find a shack full of flammable materials that allows Ash to create a flamethrower. Ash and Sam make their way through the swamp to a nearby town called Port Turnham which is infested with Deadites. They make their way through the destroyed city and in the process Ash replaces his chainsaw with a newer one with a titanium blade. Ash and Sam find a portal in a nearby courthouse. However, Sam succumbs to fatigue and yawns while he is saying the incantation. The portal, instead of closing, sucks both of them into it. Once they are inside the portal Ash and Sam find themselves in a hellish dimension. Professor Knowby shows up telling them the only way out is to defeat Reinhard and rescue Sally. However, he begins talking about how Ash must save the world in which Ash becomes very angry and says he is only out to save Sally and maybe Sam.

Ash and Sam face many obstacles in the Deadite temple, but after much struggle they make their way to Reinhard's lair where he is just about to sacrifice Sally. Reinhard says how impressed he is with Ash. However, he apologizes that they had to come a long way to die. Rienhard uses the Necronomicon to turn himself into a troll-like Deadite. Ash and Sam kill Reinhard and Sam closes the portal. In a very romantic scene Ash says he came a long way and overcame great odds to apologize to Sally on the fashion advice he gave her back at Sunny Meadows. Just as he is leaning to kiss Sally, a spirit possesses her. Ash, overcome with rage, shoots the possessed Sally. However, just as he does this the portal reopens and sucks Ash and Sam into it along with the Necronomicon possibly sending them back in time, presumably to its own alternate version of Army of Darkness.

Gameplay
The gameplay mostly consists of hack and slash with small conveniently placed puzzles. The player takes the role of Ash Williams as he fights off hordes of Deadites. The player can find different kinds of weapons in levels which find use in different situations. Early on in the game Ash receives his sidekick Sam who fights along with him in battle. Unlike other games where killing a friend ingame is taboo at best, Sam actually comically dies many times in the game. The player can kick Sam into openings to open doors or onto enemies to pop their heads off. The player can also possess Sam to get through small openings; the purpose is to open a door or a switch. At times, Sam is controlled by the computer and destroys adversaries without assistance. Sometimes enemies will need a 'finishing move' (pressing a specific button) in order to completely destroy them.

In contrast with previous games, the game automatically gives the player unlimited ammunition for his weapons and unlimited gas to his chainsaw. A new gameplay element is rage mode. When the player kills enough enemies it fills up his rage meter. When the rage meter is filled up to a decent amount it allows Ash to go into "rage mode". Rage mode transforms Ash into a powerful deadite killing machine. It instantly doubles all of Ash's weapon damage and makes him lose health slower.

Reception
Evil Dead: Regeneration received "average" reviews on all platforms, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Adam Dodd of Bloody Disgusting wrote that it is "probably the best full-scope console game out there in terms of mechanics" but criticized it for its "addition of an obnoxious sidekick and way too many tedious escort missions".

title: Evil Dead: Regeneration


text:
The Miracle of Bern

The Miracle of Bern (Das Wunder von Bern) is a 2003 film by Sönke Wortmann, which tells the story of a German family (particularly of a young boy and his depressed ex-POW father) and the unexpected West German miracle victory in the 1954 World Cup Final in Bern, Switzerland.

The film can be regarded as a portrait of post-war Germany. With over 6 million cinema visitors, it is one of Germany's best-selling films. Among those attending the première were Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, Peer Steinbrück, Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia, and Otto Schily, Federal Minister of the Interior (a position whose holder is also informally known as Minister for Sports).

Since November 2014, Hamburg's new musical theatre Theater an der Elbe is home to a successful musical production of the same name.

Plot
Richard, a coal miner from Essen, returns after eleven years of being a Soviet prisoner of war in Siberia. In the meantime, his wife, two sons, and one daughter have reached a minimum standard of living without him. When he is unexpectedly repatriated in 1954, he has severe problems in reintegrating himself with his family and country. His wife is running a small bar, his elder son has become a Communist challenging his father's ideals of the Nazi time, his daughter flirts with British soldiers who are his former enemies, while his 11-year-old son Matthias, who never knew his father, admires a local football hero instead, Helmut Rahn of Rot-Weiß Essen.

While Richard is initially very stern about Matthias' love for football, he gradually softens such that, on the night before the final game, father and son drive to Bern to see the match.

An additional plot of the movie is the personal triumph of Helmut Rahn, for whom Matthias becomes a lucky mascot. Rahn, nicknamed "The Boss", has a successful record at club level, though is rarely chosen to play at national level in trainer Sepp Herberger's team.

A third more light-hearted comic relief story line revolves around the fictional sports reporter Paul Ackermann and his wife, who travel to the World Cup despite their fundamentally different views on the importance of football.

There are several miraculous events in the film. For Richard, it is the sudden joy of scoring a goal with an abandoned football. For Rahn, it is seeing Matthias on the sideline that spurs him into scoring the winning goal. For Sepp Herberger, however, the miracles are more mundane: the sudden rain that slows down the Hungarians (however, German captain Fritz Walter tended to perform better in stormy conditions), but not so much the Germans fitted with Adolf Dassler's revolutionary screw-in football studs. For all Germans, it's the unexpected euphoria of a win that heals many wounds, becoming a symbol of the ongoing economic "miracle".

Lubanski family

 * Louis Klamroth - Matthias Lubanski
 * Peter Lohmeyer - Richard Lubanski
 * Johanna Gastdorf - Christa Lubanski
 * Mirko Lang - Bruno Lubanski
 * Birthe Wolter - Ingrid Lubanski

Football team

 * - Sepp Herberger
 * - Helmut Rahn
 * Knut Hartwig - Fritz Walter
 * - Horst Eckel
 * Simon Verhoeven - Ottmar Walter
 * - Toni Turek
 * - Hans Schäfer

Others

 * Katharina Wackernagel - Annette Ackermann
 * Lucas Gregorowicz - Paul Ackermann

The real sports miracle
The 1954 German team, captained by Fritz Walter and coached by Sepp Herberger, won the World Cup in a remarkable final against the legendary Hungarian Mighty Magyars, undefeated for four years (Hungary had even thrashed the German back-ups 8–3 in the group stages). A determined Germany came back from an early two-goal deficit to win 3–2, with Helmut Rahn scoring the winning goal six minutes from the end of full-time. This was a euphoric event for Germany, which had been spiritually and economically shattered by the war. Winning the Jules Rimet Trophy by beating the world's strongest team gave the country new pride and is seen as a herald of Germany's economic and political recovery.

Awards

 * Prix du Public UBS, Locarno International Film Festival 2003
 * Goldene Leinwand
 * Deutscher Filmpreis 2004 for Best Picture (Silver), German Film of the Year, German Actor of the Year (Peter Lohmeyer)
 * Bavarian Film Award 2004 to Sönke Wortmann as Best Director and to Johanna Gastdorf as Best Supporting Actress

title: The Miracle of Bern


text: User talk:218.102.21.186

title: User talk:218.102.21.186


text:
Wizkid: The Story of Wizball II

Wizkid: The Story of Wizball II is a humorous action game for the Amiga, Atari ST, and IBM PC compatibles. It was developed by Sensible Software and published by Ocean Software in 1992. Wizkid is the sequel to 1987's Wizball.

Plot
The story starts after the Wiz and his cat Nifta had restored colours to their world. They were both married (to different spouses, apparently) and had children: the Wiz had a son, Wizkid, and Nifta had eight kittens. All was peaceful and happy until the evil mouse wizard Zark came and kidnapped the Wiz, Nifta, and all the kittens, imprisoning them in different parts of the world. It is Wizkid's job to save them.

Gameplay
The game takes place over nine levels, each with a different style, background image, and music. In each level, the player plays the disembodied head of Wizkid, which can fly around the screen in all four directions. The object is to knock various objects on top of enemies, killing them. When all enemies are killed, play proceeds to the next screen, and after all screens have been completed, proceeds to the next level.

In the action parts of the game, two bonus objects are on offer - a nose which allows Wizkid to juggle blocks, and teeth allowing him to grip them (they can even be taken to different screens - taking a large block onto a screen with only small blocks can be advantageous). The teeth are temporary, but failing to complete a level sees causes Wizkid to lose either item. A bonus "Crossword 2091" screen is sometimes activated by failing to complete a level, in which the player is presented with a grid and a sequence of words, which must be arranged so as to interlock into a crossword-style arrangement. Completion of this, which involves a fair amount of trial and error, adds $500 to the bank balance.

The adventure aspect of the game comes into play when Wizkid manages to collect a whole sequence of bonus musical notes. This allows him to re-embody his head and interact with the background landscape. Items can be bought with money, and must be used throughout the game to collect enough kittens to reach Zark's Castle before Zark can get back. These puzzles often include humorous interludes - for example, on the first level you must distract a vicious-looking dog by giving him a newspaper; moments later he can be seen reading it whilst sitting in an out-house toilet. There is one more mystery task to be completed in order to win the game.

Wizkid uses the "level warping" system from Super Mario Bros. in reverse. Playing only the arcade part only takes the player to levels 1, 4, 7 and 9. Hidden routes in the adventure part are required to access the other levels, and thus obtain enough kittens to complete the game. Level 3 must be completed in "head mode", and it features some of the harder screens.

Reception
Amiga Power gave the Amiga version of Wizkid an overall score of 91%, praising the variety in its gameplay, expressing that it adds up to a "crazy, yet cohesive, whole". Amiga Power further praised Wizkid's graphics, "excellent" sound, as well as the game's "bizarre" & "surreal" sense of humour, calling the game's uniqueness "refreshing". Amiga Power ranked Wizkid the 31st best game of all time in 1996.

MikroBitti magazine (issue 6 of 1992) gave the game 91% rating. Reviewers wrote that the game is highly original and fun but lamented that it is probably excessively strange to become appreciated by wider audiences.

In 1994, PC Gamer UK named Wizkid the 42nd best computer game of all time. The editors called it "a rare gem that deserves a place in everyone's collection, if only because it's totally unique."

title: Wizkid: The Story of Wizball II


text:
Samuel Adler

Samuel Adler may refer to:
 * Samuel Adler (rabbi) (1809–1891), Reform rabbi
 * Samuel Adler (composer) (born 1928), composer and conductor
 * Samuel Adler (artist) (1898–1979), American artist

title: Samuel Adler


text: Category:Argentine models

title: Category:Argentine models


text:
Talk:Kanto (music)

Redirect
Is it just me, or does anyone else think Kanto should redirect to Kanto region & this page should be renamed Kanto (disambiguation) -- Kjlewis 11:32, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I would support this. If no one objects on this talk page in a reasonable amount of time (like a week), just do it.  -- Rick Block (talk) 14:05, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

Reorganization
The article was obviously based on this blog entry with the author's permission, thus it had a very informal style. I reworded/rewrote it and reorganized it, so that it has a more encyclopedic tone, but it still needs a lot of work. Providing a couple of decent citations would be a good start. And of course further reorganization is necessary. --Omnipaedista (talk) 16:26, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kanto (music)


text: User talk:219.76.64.25

title: User talk:219.76.64.25


text:
User:Flsxx

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text: Category:Commodore International

title: Category:Commodore International


text:
Samuel Adler (composer)

Samuel Hans Adler (born March 4, 1928) is an American composer, conductor, author, and professor. During the course of a professional career which ranges over six decades he has served as a faculty member at both the University of Rochester's Eastman School of Music and the Juilliard School. In addition, he is credited with founding and conducting the Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra which participated in the cultural diplomacy initiatives of the United States in Germany and throughout Europe in the aftermath of World War II. Adler's musical catalogue includes over 400 published compositions. He has been honored with several awards including Germany's Order of Merit – Officer's Cross.

Biography
Adler was born to a Jewish family in Mannheim, Germany, the son of Hugo Chaim Adler, a cantor and composer, and Selma Adler who was an amateur pianist. At the young age of ten, Samuel was separated from his father while Hugo was imprisoned in the Netherlands following the Kristallnacht pogrom of 1938. After Hugo's return to Mannheim, the family was reunited and subsequently fled the Nazi regime in Germany through the Netherlands to the United States in 1939, where Hugo became the cantor of Temple Emanuel in Worcester, Massachusetts. Sam soon followed his father into the music profession and began his musical studies on the violin with Albert Levy. His formal education in composition was initiated under Herbert Fromm in 1941. Subsequently, Adler earned degrees from both Boston University (where he studied musicology with Karl Geiringer) and Harvard University (where he studied with Aaron Copland, Irving Fine, Paul Hindemith, Paul Pisk, Walter Piston, and Randall Thompson and earned an M.A. in 1950). He studied conducting with Serge Koussevitzky at the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood in 1949. Adler has been awarded four honorary doctorates from Southern Methodist and Wake Forest Universities, St. Mary's College of Notre Dame and the St. Louis Conservatory of Music. After completing his academic studies in 1950, Adler served as a corporal in the 2d Armored Division. During this time he founded the Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra (1952) in Stuttgart, Germany, which served to demonstrate the shared cultural heritage of America and Europe in the post World War II era through cultural diplomacy. For this, he received a special Citation of Excellence from the Army for the orchestra's success between 1952 and 1961. Subsequently, he accepted a position as music director at Temple Emanu-El in Dallas, Texas, beginning his tenure there in 1953. At the Dallas temple he formed a children's choir and an adult choir. From 1954 to 1958 Adler conducted the Dallas Lyric Theater. From 1957 to 1966, Adler served as Professor of Composition at the University of North Texas College of Music. Between 1966 and 1995, Adler served as Professor of Composition at the University of Rochester's Eastman School of Music. In addition, he served as Chairman of the Department of Music at The Eastman School of Music from 1973 to 1994. Since 1997, Adler has been a member of the composition faculty at Juilliard and, for the 2009–10 year, was awarded the William Schuman Scholars Chair.

He is also the author of three books, Choral Conducting (Holt Rinehart and Winston 1971, second edition Schirmer Books 1985), Sight Singing (W.W. Norton 1979, 1997), and The Study of Orchestration (W.W. Norton 1982, 1989, 2001, 2016; Italian edition edited by Lorenzo Ferrero for EDT Srl Torino, 2008). He has also contributed numerous articles to major magazines, books and encyclopedias published in the U.S. and abroad. Adler also reflected upon six decades of teaching in his memoirs Building Bridges with Music: Stories from a Composer's Life which was published by Pendragon Press in 2017.

Over the decades Adler's musical legacy has been interpreted by several orchestral ensembles including: the Cleveland Chamber Symphony, Esterhazy Quartet, the Latvian National Symphony Orchestra, Brandenburgisches Staatsorchester Frankfurt, and the Bowling Green Philharmonia. In more recent times his works have also been showcased by leading orchestras around the world, including: the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Mannheim National Theatre Orchestra, and the St. Louis Symphony. Performances of his compositions have been recorded on several record labels including: Albany Records, Linn Records, Navona Records, and Naxos Records.

Adler is married to Emily Freeman Brown, who is currently serving as Music Director and Conductor of the Bowling Green Philharmonia.

Compositional style
Musicologists have noted that Adler's works incorporate a wide range of compositional techniques including: free atonality, diatonicism, and serialism. In addition, he is recognized for interweaving dance rhythms, folk themes, ostinati, and devices associated with aleatoric music throughout his scores. Adler does not advocate serialism or atonality.

It has also been observed that Adler's compositions illustrate a "midstream modernism", which is characterized by interwoven contrapunctal musical lines which form the foundation for a tonal harmonic complex punctuated by tangential atonal episodes. In addition, his music is said to be inspired by the liturgical cantilena featured in the Jewish musical tradition as well as oriental inflections.

Awards
Adler has been awarded many prizes, including a membership into the American Academy in Berlin (2004) and Institute of Arts and Letters awarded in May 2001, the Charles Ives Award (1961), and the Lillian Fairchild Award (1974). In May 2003, he was presented with the Aaron Copland Award by ASCAP for Lifetime Achievement in Music (Composition and Teaching). In 2008, he was inducted into the American Classical Music Hall of Fame. Similarly, in 2001 Adler was honored with a lifetime appointment to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 1999, he was elected to the Academy of Arts, Berlin for distinguished service to music. In 1983, he won the Deems Taylor Award for his book on orchestration; in 1984, he was appointed Honorary Professorial Fellow of the University College in Cardiff, Wales, and was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for 1984–85. He has been a MacDowell Fellow for five years between 1954 and 1963. In 1986, he received the "Distinguished Alumni Award" from Boston University.

The Music Teachers' National Association selected Adler as its "Composer of the Year 1986–87" for Quintalogues, which won the national competition. In the 1988–89 year, he has been designated "Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar". In 1989, he was awarded The Eastman School's Eisenhart Award for distinguished teaching, and he has been given the honor of Composer of the Year (1991) for the American Guild of Organists. During his second visit to Chile, Adler was elected to the Chilean Academy of Fine Arts (1993) "for his outstanding contributions to the world of music as composer, conductor, and author". He was initiated as an honorary member of the Gamma Theta (1960, University of North Texas) and the Alpha Alpha (1966, National Honorary) chapters of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, and in 1986 was named a National Arts Associate to Sigma Alpha Iota, international music fraternity for women. In 1998, he was awarded the Brock Commission from the American Choral Directors Association.

In May, 2018, Adler was awarded the German ''Bundesverdienstkreuz 1. Klasse'' (Order of Merit – Officer's Cross), presented to him in New York by Consul General David Gill. On June 1, 2018, Adler was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, and presented the graduation address at Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion's Cincinnati graduation ceremony.

Works
Adler's catalogue includes over 400 published works in all media, including three operas, six symphonies, ten string quartets, at least eleven concerti (organ, piano, violin, viola or clarinet, cello, flute, guitar, saxophone quartet, woodwind quintet), many shorter orchestral works, works for wind ensemble and band, chamber music, a great deal of choral music, liturgical music, and songs.

Solo instrumental

 * Four Composer Portraits (Birthday Cards for Solo Piano), for unaccompanied piano
 * Bassoonery (Study for Bassoon Solo), for unaccompanied bassoon (1965)
 * A Bonnie Tune (A Scherzo for Solo Flute), for unaccompanied flute (2012)
 * Bravura (A Concert Piece for Bass Trombone), for unaccompanied bass trombone (2012)
 * Bridges to Span Adversity, for harpsichord (1991)
 * Cantilena, for solo F horn (2018)
 * Canto III, for solo violin
 * Canto V
 * Canto VII Unaccompanied tuba solo // ungraded (1976)
 * Canto VIII, for solo piano (1976)
 * Canto IX, for Multiple Percussion Solo (1979), co-composed with John H. Beck calling for 5 timpani and 6 rototoms
 * Clarinon, for unaccompanied B-flat clarinet
 * Fantasy, for solo piano (2014)
 * Festschrift, for solo piano
 * Flaunting, for unaccompanied flute
 * From Generation to Generation, for solo organ
 * In Memory of Milton, for solo violin (2012)
 * In Praise of Bach, for solo organ (2003)
 * Meadowmountetudes (Four Studies Of 20th-Century Techniques), for solo violin (1996)
 * Oboration, for unaccompanied oboe (1965)
 * The Sense of Touch (Eight Short Pieces Introducing the Young Pianist to Techniques Used in Twentieth-Century Music), for solo piano (1983)
 * Solemn Soliloquy, for solo violin (2015)
 * Sonata, for solo guitar (1990)
 * Sonata, for harpsichord (1984)
 * Three Piano Preludes, for solo piano
 * Thy Song Expands My Spirit (A Tribute to Aaron Copland on His 80th Birthday), for solo piano (1983)
 * Two Meditations, for organ (1965)

Chamber ensemble

 * Acrostics (Four Games for Six Players)
 * Be Not Afraid: The Isle Is Full Of Noises, for brass quintet
 * Brahmsiana
 * Caccia, for two flutes
 * Concert Piece
 * Contrasting Inventions
 * Diary of a Journey
 * Divertimento
 * Divertissement, for viola and marimba
 * Divertissement, for violin and marimba
 * Festival Fanfare and Dance, for brass ensemble
 * Fidl-Fantazye: A Klezmer Concerto, for violin and piano (2017)
 * Five Movements
 * Five Vignettes, for 12 trombones (1968)
 * Four Dialogues for Euphonium, for euphonium and marimba
 * Into the Radiant Boundaries, for viola and guitar
 * Introit & Toccatina
 * L'Olam Vaed, for cello and piano
 * Let the Trumpet Sound, for trumpet and organ (2015)
 * Life Is an Ecstasy, for trumpet and organ (2017)
 * Pasiphae, for piano and percussion
 * Pensive Soliloquy, for E-flat alto saxophone and piano (1998)
 * Ports Of Call, for violin duet
 * Praeludium
 * Primavera Amarilla
 * Quintet, for piano and string quartet
 * Recitative and Rondo Capriccioso, for flute and piano (2014)
 * Romp, for string quartet
 * Scherzo Schmerzo, for trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba, and percussion
 * Sonata, for horn and piano (1948)
 * Sonata, for flute and piano (2006)
 * Sonata, for viola and piano (1987)
 * String Quartet No. 6 (A Whitman Serenade for medium voice and string quartet)
 * String Quartet No. 9 (2010)
 * String Quartet No. 10 (2015)
 * Three Pieces, for cello and piano (2016)
 * Time in Tempest Everywhere
 * Trio ("5 Snapshots"), for string trio
 * Trumpetry
 * Two Southern Appalachian Folk Songs, for violin and piano (2014)

Vocal/choral

 * Five Choral Scherzi, for mixed chorus, viola, and guitar
 * In Praise Of Labor, for voice and piano
 * Jonah (The Man Without Tolerance), for SATB chorus and orchestra
 * Nuptial Scene (1975)
 * Of Love and Dreams, for voice and piano (2018)
 * Of Saints & Sinners-Mez
 * Passionate Sword-Fl/Cl
 * A Psalm Trilogy, for a cappella SATB chorus (1997)
 * Recalling The Yesterdays, for mezzo-soprano, flute, clarinet, violin, cello, piano, and percussion
 * Serenade
 * Sixth String Quartet
 * Song Of Songs Fragments, for mezzo-soprano, clarinet, and piano
 * Those Were The Days, for voice and piano
 * Two Shelley Songs, for SATB chorus and piano (1982)
 * To Remember: To Be Remembered
 * Todesfuge, for tenor voice and piano
 * We Believe A Hymn Of Faith
 * Five Sephardic Choruses (1991)
 * The Binding, An Oratorio in Three Parts, for soli, chorus and orhestra

Orchestra

 * All Nature Plays
 * American Airs and Dances
 * Art Creates Artists
 * A Bridge to Understanding
 * Centennial
 * Drifting on Wind and Currents
 * Elegy, for string orchestra
 * In Just Spring
 * In The Spirit Of Bach, for string orchestra (2015)
 * Jonah (The Man Without Tolerance), for SATB chorus and orchestra
 * Man Lebt Nur Einmal (Darum Tanzen Wir), for large orchestra
 * Serenade
 * Seven Variations on 'God Save the King', for small or chamber orchestra
 * Shadow Dances
 * Show An Affirming Flame
 * Symphony No. 1 (1953)
 * Symphony No. 2 (1957)
 * Symphony No. 3 ("Diptych", 1960, rev. 1980)
 * Symphony No. 4 ("Geometrics", 1965)
 * Symphony No. 5 ("We Are the Echoes"), for mezzo-soprano and orchestra (1975)
 * Symphony No. 6 (1985)
 * Time in Tempest Everywhere, for soprano, oboe, and chamber orchestra
 * We Believe: A Hymn of Faith

Orchestra with soloist(s)

 * Arcos Concerto (A Bridge between the Old and the New), for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon and string orchestra
 * Beyond the Pale (A Portrait of a Klezmer), for clarinet and string orchestra
 * Concerto, for cello and orchestra (1999)
 * Concerto, for viola and orchestra (2002)
 * Concerto, for violin and orchestra (2015)
 * Concerto "Shir Ha Ma'alot", for woodwind quintet and orchestra
 * Concerto for Guitar and Orchestra (1998)
 * Concerto for Horn and Orchestra
 * Concerto for Organ and Orchestra
 * Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (1983)
 * Concerto No. 2, for piano and orchestra (1997)
 * Fidl-Fantazye: A Klezmer Concerto, for violin and orchestra
 * Lux Perpetua, for organ and orchestra
 * Piano Concerto No. 3, for piano and string orchestra
 * Those Were the Days

Band/wind ensemble

 * American Airs and Dances
 * Concerto for Guitar and Wind Ensemble
 * Concerto for Winds, Brass and Percussion
 * Dawn to Glory
 * A Little Night and Day Music (1977)
 * Pygmalion
 * The River That Mines the Silences of Stones (2016)
 * Rogues and Lovers
 * Serenata Concertante, for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, alto saxophone and wind ensemble
 * Solemn March

Stage works

 * The Outcast of Poker Flat, 1959, opera, staged Dallas, April 1961
 * The Wrestler, 1971, opera, staged Dallas, June 1972
 * The Disappointment, 1974, opera [reconstruction of an early ballad opera]
 * The Lodge of Shadows, musical drama for baritone solo, dancers and orchestra
 * The Waking, 1978, ballet

Liturgical music

 * B'shaaray Tefilah: A Sabbath Service (1963), for Cantor, SATB and Organ
 * Call to Worship (1995), for cantor, SATB and organ
 * Hashkiveinu (1981), for cantor, SATB, and organ
 * L'cha Dodi (1984), for solo, SATB, organ and flute
 * Ma Tovu (2011), for tenor, SATB and organ
 * Psalm 24 (2003), for SATB and organ
 * Psalm 40, for SATB and organ
 * Psalm 67, for SATB and organ
 * Psalm 96, for SATB and organ
 * Psalm 146 (1985), for SATB and organ
 * Shir Chadash – A Friday Eve Service, for organ and 3 part choir (SAB)
 * The Twenty-Third Psalm – Hebrew and English (1981), for tenor, SATB and organ
 * Yamim Naraim I and II – A Two-Volume Anthology for the High Holy Days (1990–91), for cantor, SATB and organ

Notable students
Since 1997 he has been a member of the composition faculty at the Juilliard School in New York City. Among his most successful students are composers Fisher Tull, Kamran Ince, Eric Ewazen, Claude Baker, Marc Mellits, Robert Paterson, Gordon Stout, Chris Theofanidis, Michael Brown, Michael Glenn Williams, Gordon Chin, and Roger Briggs.

title: Samuel Adler (composer)


text:
Talk:Georgia Southern University

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 11 January 2021 and 7 May 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Knshaffer98, Anne Stohl, Emileehein, Kassiebridges, Kaliecanady, Cytay13, Demapp 9, HGranade, Js17878, George David Douglas, Ps1234567.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 22:17, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Georgia Southern University


text:
User:Mattthemutt

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title: User:Mattthemutt


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Atmel AT89 series

The Atmel AT89 series is an Intel 8051-compatible family of 8 bit microcontrollers (μCs) manufactured by the Atmel Corporation.

Based on the Intel 8051 core, the AT89 series remains very popular as general purpose microcontrollers, due to their industry standard instruction set, their low unit cost, and the availability of these chips in DIL (DIP) packages. This allows a great amount of legacy code to be reused without modification in new applications. While less powerful than the newer AT90 series of AVR RISC microcontrollers, new product development has continued with the AT89 series for the aforementioned advantages.

More recently, the AT89 series has been augmented with 8051-cored special function microcontrollers, specifically in the areas of USB, I²C (two wire interface), SPI and CAN bus controllers, MP3 decoders and hardware PWM.

Atmel has also created an LP (low power) series of these chips with a "Single Cycle Core", making the execution speed of these chips considerably faster.

Port Structures and Operation
All four ports in the AT89C51 and AT89C52 are bidirectional. Each consists of a latch (Special Function Registers P0 through P3), an output driver, and an input buffer. The output drivers of Ports 0 and 2, and the input buffers of Port 0, are used in accesses to external memory. In this application, Port 0 outputs the low byte of the external memory address, time-multiplexed with the byte being written or read. Port 2 outputs the high byte of the external memory address when the address is 16 bits wide. Otherwise the Port 2 pins continue to emit the P2 SFR content. All the Port 3 pins, and two Port 1 pins (in the AT89C52)are multifunctional. The alternate functions can only be activated if the corresponding bit latch in the port SFR contains a 1. Otherwise the port pin is stuck at 0.

title: Atmel AT89 series


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Raphaelle Peale

Raphaelle Peale (sometimes spelled Raphael Peale; February 17, 1774 – March 4, 1825) is considered the first professional American painter of still-life.

Biography
Peale was born in Annapolis, Maryland, the fifth child, though eldest surviving, of the painter Charles Willson Peale and his first wife Rachel Brewer. He grew up in Philadelphia, and spent his life there in a home at the corner of 3rd and Lombard. Like his siblings (almost all of whom were named after famous artists or scientists), Raphaelle was trained by his father as an artist. Early in his career, the pair collaborated on portraits. On some commissions, Raphaelle painted miniatures while his brother, Rembrandt, painted full-size portraits.

In 1793, he made a trip to South America in order to collect specimens for the Peale Museum founded by his father. He exhibited five portraits and eight other paintings, probably still lifes, at the Columbianum, Philadelphia in 1794. His first professional exhibition was in 1795 at the age of 21. In 1797, with his brother Rembrandt, he traveled to Charleston, South Carolina, where they attempted to establish another museum. The plan fell through, however, and Raphaelle returned to painting miniatures.

He married Martha (Patty) McGlathery at the age of twenty, and with her had eight children. For about two years beginning in 1803, Peale toured Virginia with the "physiognotrace", a profile making machine, with which he was briefly successful. By 1806 he had begun to suffer the symptoms of arsenic and mercury poisoning brought on by his work as a taxidermist in his father's museum. In August 1809 he was hospitalized with delirium, and for the rest of his life he suffered debilitating attacks almost yearly—which his father ascribed to "gout of the stomach" caused by consumption of pickles and excessive drinking. From 1810, Peale concentrated on still-life painting almost exclusively, becoming America's first professional still-life painter, and he exhibited frequently at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and elsewhere, especially from 1814 to 1818. By 1813, he was unable to walk without crutches. After the downturn in his health, in an era when most artists considered still life a subject worthy only of amateurs, he devoted himself almost exclusively to still life painting. It is for these works he is best known. His work was on frequent exhibit at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts between 1814 and 1818. After reportedly indulging in a night of heavy drinking, his health destroyed, he died on March 4, 1825, at age 51 at his home in Philadelphia.

Style
Alfred Frankenstein has called Raphaelle Peale "the first really distinguished still-life specialist to emerge in this country, and he is one of the four major still-life painters of the nineteenth century in the United States." His style may have been influenced by Spanish still life paintings he saw on his trip to Mexico and by the two works by Juan Sanchez Cotan, exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy in 1816. Most of Peale's paintings are small in scale, and depict a few objects—usually foodstuffs—arranged on a tabletop before a darkened background.

A notable exception to this is his trompe-l'œil, Venus Rising from the Sea—A Deception (also entitled After the Bath, 1822, in the collection of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art). This painting serves as a distinct thematic departure from his other work. While the dark backdrop is consistent with his still life works, there were themes of this work that make it unique amongst Peale's other works. Instead of featuring food, the subject is instead Venus, who is just barely visible from behind the napkin covering her. This theme of covering is consistent with a previous work of his, Peaches Covered by a Handkerchief. By covering the subject, Peale introduced a theme of mystery to his painting which has survived to this day. The act of covering a nude figure was not new to the world of art, however Peale took this choice literally when painting the cover into the painting itself. The mystery of this work is compounded by the lack of clear date on the painting itself due to a smudged last digit. There was also an element of humor within this particular work. According to family stories, Peale painted this work in part as a prank on his wife. Making it appear as if he was hiding a pornographic image under a napkin, he wanted to goad his wife into scratching at the canvas. This sets this painting apart from the other Peale works, which tend to follow a more straightforward approach as previously mentioned.

It was his nephew George Escol Sellers's opinion that Raphaelle Peale was the most talented of Charles Wilson Peale's artist children and that "it was the Revolution that made him the wreck he was".

Notable works

 * Blackberries, c. 1813
 * Melons and Morning Glories, 1813
 * A Dessert (Still Life with Lemons and Oranges), 1814
 * Still Life with Orange and Book, 1815
 * Fruit, Pitcher, and Pretzel, unknown
 * Bowl of Peaches, 1816
 * Still Life with Fruit, Cakes and Wine, 1821
 * Still Life with Peaches, 1822
 * Lemons and Sugar, unknown

title: Raphaelle Peale


text:
Television in Estonia

Television in Estonia was introduced in 1955, following the Soviet government's decision to establish a television station in 1953. The National TV Channel ETV has maintained an archive since 1955 in which broadcasts of unique aspects of Estonian culture are held.

Northern Estonia receives television signals from Finland. During the 1970s and 1980s, Finnish broadcasts were more popular than Soviet-Estonian offerings until the Singing Revolution, with many Estonians enjoying Dallas and other programs portraying non-Communist lifestyles.

Digital television was officially launched on December 15, 2006 when the operator Eesti Digitaaltelevisiooni AS launched its pay service Zuum TV, operated by Starman, on two multiplexes. In 2006, only ETV was available for free, but as of March 2009, there are already 7 free channels in digital broadcast. Digital television signal (DVB-T and DVB-H) is broadcast by Levira. DVB-C is provided by cable operators Starman, STV, Telset, telecommunications company Elion (also offering IPTV). Analog transmitters were turned off in July 2010.

title: Television in Estonia


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Noreena Hertz

Noreena Hertz (born 24 September 1967) is an English academic, economist and bestselling author, who sits on the boards of Mattel, Warner Music Group and Workhuman. She has been Honorary Professor at the UCL Institute for Global Prosperity at University College London since 2014.

In 2001 The Guardian newspaper dubbed her "one of the world's leading young thinkers" In September 2013 Hertz was featured on the cover of  Newsweek magazine. Fast Company magazine has named her "one of the most influential economists on the international stage" and observed: "For more than two decades [her] economic predictions have been accurate and ahead of the curve."

She describes herself as "a campaigning academic". British media has nicknamed her the "Nigella Lawson of economics".

Early life
Hertz is a great-granddaughter of British Chief Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz, and was born and brought up in East Finchley, London. When she was 20 years old, her mother, the fashion designer and feminist activist Leah Hertz, died of cancer. Hertz was a precocious child and began her schooling aged just 3 years, taking her A levels at age 16. She first attended North London Collegiate School followed by Westminster School.

Academic career
Hertz graduated from University College London in philosophy and economics at the age of 18. She then attended The Wharton School, Philadelphia, where she majored in finance and earned her MBA at age 23. Hertz then worked for a short period at Triad Artists, a talent agency in Los Angeles, California, where she originally planned to break into the film industry as a producer. Following her stint in the creative industries, Hertz took up a position as a consultant to the World Bank Group working for the International Finance Corporation (IFC) in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Disillusioned by what she perceived as failings in the World Bank's approach to post-Soviet reforms, she quit her post and worked briefly for the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), she said: "Early on I raised the issue of social safety nets and was quite shocked to see how clearly my concerns were dismissed." Having returned to the UK she studied for a PhD in economics and business at King's College, Cambridge. Her Cambridge doctoral thesis, Russian Business Relationships in the Wake of Reform was published in 1997 by St. Martin's Press.

In 2009, Hertz was appointed Professor and chair of Globalisation, Sustainability and Finance at the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Duisenberg School of Finance. She is a fellow of the University of Cambridge's Judge Business School. She is Honorary Professor at the UCL Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London.

The Silent Takeover (2001)
In The Silent Takeover: Global Capitalism and the Death of Democracy Hertz warned that unregulated markets, corporate greed, and over-powerful financial institutions would have serious global consequences that would impact most heavily on the ordinary citizen. Hertz received a record six-figure advance from Random House for the book which, in pre-publicity, she promised would "make economics sexy." Although the book became a bestseller, it was not well-received when first published.

Francis Beckett, for The Independent, later observed that the book "was lavishly praised and savagely attacked in equal measure" but had nevertheless "launched her as a new sort of thinker - the first prominent British radical left winger to come out of the business schools." Howard Davies, reviewing it for London's The Guardian newspaper, dismissed it as "globaloney", written in "a style beloved of airport-newsstand business books: random statistic piled on borrowed anecdote, larded with a bit of homespun cod philosophy, shaken not stirred." Tariq Ali, for The Independent, called the book "well-intentioned" but "a much milder version [of] three more vigorous North American texts that have already achieved cult status", referring to Naomi Klein's No Logo, Thomas Frank's One Market Under God and Kalle Lasn's Culture Jam. Ali categorised Hertz's book as neoliberal and dismissed the Hertz's positions as third Way anti-capitalism. Ali concluded: "What Hertz really wants is a government that can unite business interests with those of ordinary people - like expecting homoeopathic drops to cure a cancer." Jennifer Szalai, for the New Statesman, wrote that the book was "at best, an anaemic objection to global capitalism" and pointed out: "For anybody who has read anything about corporations beyond their annual reports... the examples in this book are nothing new." Szalai described Hertz's "line of argument" as "a listless string of tired phrases, exposing her apparent ambivalence on the subject."

Will Self described the book as "superficially readable" but was critical of Hertz's ideology, calling it "an aggressive questioning of the pernicious status quo, but with only a febrile grasp on any potential solution - what used to be expected of a precocious adolescent, rather than a Cambridge assistant professor entering her mid-thirties." Frank Fitzgibbon, for The Sunday Times, described the book as "well-written, colourful and sometimes entertaining" but ultimately "one long whinge, full of hackneyed observations... like a 212-page Guardian editorial on the venality of politicians, the evils of big business and the right-on credentials of concerned citizens." Responding to the book's advance publicity, which claimed that Hertz would in The Silent Takeover provide "a new and startling take on the way we live now", Fitzgibbon observed: "With the possible exception of a quote from Bhutan's king, Jigme Singye Wangchuck - "gross national happiness is more important than gross national product" - there is nothing in this book that is not already known to anybody with a passing interest in business and current affairs. It has all been said before but, to her credit, Hertz says it with style and with her telegenic looks she should be in demand on the chat-show circuit."

IOU: The Debt Threat (2004)
The 2004 book IOU: The Debt Threat and Why We Must Defuse It comprised a study of debt in developing countries and provided Hertz's blueprint for economic development. Paul Kingsnorth, reviewing for the New Statesman, wrote: "Noreena is the Joanne Harris of political writing - and IOU, like its author, is all style and no substance." Kingsnorth said that her explanation of the debt issue was: "All fine, but also largely redundant, because this stuff has been circulating for years, and Hertz adds nothing new to the mix." He also found sections of the book "misleading" and noted that "her old employer the World Bank emerges with a curiously positive report card from a book about a problem it created almost single-handedly. The bank's former chief economist Larry Summers is represented as a passionate champion of the poor. Perhaps Hertz is not aware of the infamous internal memo that was leaked from the bank, in which this angelic man wrote: I think the economic logic behind dumping a load of toxic waste in the lowest-wage country is impeccable and we should face up to that... I've always thought that underpopulated countries in Africa are vastly underpolluted..." He dismissed the book as simply "going through the motions" and "remarkably bad writing."

Richard Adams, for The Guardian, wrote: "There is nothing here that will surprise readers of Susan George's 1988 book A Fate Worse than Debt, which remains the most forceful call for undoing the burden of the developing world." Hertz's proposed solutions were, he wrote, not well defined. "Some of her suggestions are patronising - setting up panels of international "overseers" for aid funding is a bit rich given her diatribes against external IMF and World Bank meddling - while one is downright dangerous: that wealthy nations hypothecate the taxes paid by immigrant workers for use as overseas aid (so removing their last shield against the xenophobe or racist, that they too pay taxes for the NHS)." Adams also found the book "littered with errors... that smack of economic illiteracy and careless research." Of her style, he observed: "Readers may also be unimpressed with Hertz's informal prose style and strangled syntax... The first chapter, especially, reads like a rejected screenplay for an unhappy episode of The West Wing." Adams concluded his review by writing: "While no one can doubt Hertz's good intentions, the road to hell is paved with books like IOU. Developing-world debt is a serious issue, and it deserves more judicious treatment than this."

Diane Coyle, for The Independent, called IOU "another pamphlet disguised as a book" and opined that "It pretends to weigh up the details and evidence, but its tone implies that anyone who disagrees is stupid or bad... HIV/Aids, the loss of Amazon rainforests and terrorism [are not] caused by these debts, which is the facile claim Hertz makes." Hannah Betts, for The Times, labelled the book "more than liberal breast-beating - it endeavours to be a psychology of debt... Without ever falling into the pat illiberalisms that the West brought 9/11 and its aftermath on itself, Hertz discusses the ways in which terrorism, disease and ecological meltdown may be the consequences of Third World stagnation." Desmond Tutu credited the book with a "remarkable clarity" and said it "puts forward clear recommendations that can and must be taken." Writing for the New Statesman he declared: "IOU should not go unnoticed. When the truth is told about international debt, then we can begin to overcome the scandalous debt slavery of the world's poor."

Eyes Wide Open: How to Make Smart Decisions in a Confusing World (2013)
In the 2013 book Eyes Wide Open: How to Make Smart Decisions in a Confusing World Hertz takes issue with the rise of unchecked data, and suggests simple solutions to allow her readers to take control of their lives." The book has received praise from prominent social psychologists and best-selling authors, including Robert Cialdini, author of Influence. He writes; "With 10 sensible steps to take, Noreena Hertz charts a sound decision-making route for us through a world in hyper-drive. I'd recommend a prudent first step-get this book". John Crace, reviewing for The Guardian, wrote: "Every week, another 150 self-help books are published. How do you know this one is any different from the others? It isn't." He summarised the book as "Eyes fast closing." Daisy Goodwin, for the Sunday Times, concluded that although the books reads like an airport book, "it is actually a practical guide to critical thinking in the digital age that is as useful for students as it is for CEOs." Despite finding the book "slightly exhausting", she concluded it was "an admirable guide to predicting the factors that affect our decision-making." Julian Baggini, for the Financial Times, observing: "[T]he more confidently a book claims to help you make better choices, the less it is likely to do so. Noreena Hertz's Eyes Wide Open is a case in point. Reading it, I did, indeed, often find myself wide-eyed, startled by its bold, simplistic claims. There is a need for a synthesis of the many insights gathered by recent research into cognitive biases and the other often hidden processes that shape our decisions." Baggini claims that Daniel Kahneman has published much better advice in 2011 with Thinking, Fast and Slow.

Generation K (2015)
In 2015 Hertz began researching what she has called Generation K – 13- to 20-year-olds. K is for Katniss Everdeen, the feisty heroine of the global franchise The Hunger Games. She presented her initial thinking on Generation K in 2015 at the World Economic Forum and at the Women in the World Summit in New York City. Here she unveiled results from her 2015 study of 2000 American and British Teenagers. Its key findings include that this generation is more anxious than previous ones, more intent on being unique, and more concerned about inequality. She posits that they have been profoundly shaped not only by technology but also by the recession and an increasing sense of existential threat. She writes: "unlike those currently aged between 20 and 30, the "Yes we can" generation, who grew up believing the world was their oyster, for Generation K the world is less oyster, more Hobbesian nightmare." Hertz defines this generation as having been profoundly shaped by three global forces: the rapid development of technology – this is the first smartphone generation, the worst recession the West faced in decades, and the increased existential threat from evolving terrorist groups. According to her, distinct traits of Generation K include anxiety, loneliness, a desire for connection, a desire to co-create, a commitment to societal equality, anti-traditional institutions, commitment to the environment and fear about their own financial futures. Hertz's research into Generation K has been discussed in publications including The Guardian, the Financial Times, El Pais, the Washington Post, the Daily Telegraph, Campaign, The Huffington Post, and Newsweek.

The Lonely Century: Coming Together in a World that's Pulling Apart (2020)
Hertz's most recent book, The Lonely Century: Coming Together in a World that's Pulling Apart, was published in the UK by Sceptre in September 2020. The author argues that loneliness is becoming the defining condition of the twenty-first century and is contributing to the rise of political populism.

Campaigns
In 2001 Hertz contemplated whether "increasingly the most effective way to be political is not to register one's demands and wants at the ballot box". As consumer activism went mainstream in Europe, she reasoned that "all over the developed, democratic world, people are shopping rather than voting". Hertz played a key role in the Live 8 campaign to cancel the debt of the world's poorest countries, and was one of the speakers at the 2005 Edinburgh Live 8 concert. In late 2005 Hertz began to publicly criticise the Make Poverty History campaign. She claimed that it achieved "next to nothing". According to Hertz the campaign was not successful in advancing justice, empowerment or accountability.

Mayday for Nurses
In April 2007 Hertz launched the "Mayday for Nurses" campaign in Britain to alleviate the problems of low pay in nursing. Hertz promised nurses at the Royal College of Nursing annual conference that she would make sure that every football player in the Premier League would, by the end of the season, have donated one day's pay (totalling around £1.5 million) to a hardship fund for nurses struggling in their first few years. The campaign was filmed for a Channel 4 documentary, The Million Pound Footballers' Giveaway, broadcast on 7 June 2007.

Although the Nurses' hardship fund raised £750,000 after some of the Premiership's best-paid stars pitched in with a day's pay, the campaign received a "mixed response" and was described by some commentators as "intellectually flawed" and "a thinly-veiled form of blackmail." Gareth Southgate, then the manager of Middlesbrough F.C., cancelled his club's donation after Hertz published a list of footballers who had contributed, "effectively 'outing' those who had not." Southgate said: "I am disgusted with the manner in which this campaign has gone about its fundraising. Mayday for Nurses is a worthy cause, but there are many others. The players at this club support any number of local and national charities and good causes, either via financial support, giving up their own time or both. This is often done privately, meaning they neither receive nor ask for any public gratitude or praise." Moritz Volz, then playing for Fulham F.C., explained in The Times: "Everyone in our squad decided to donate a day's pay to the Mayday for Nurses appeal. But [Hertz's] ignorance [of football and the media] is what caused it to backfire. Instead of focusing on poor pay for nurses, the media coverage ended up being primarily about footballers and their money.".

Peter Carter, the general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said that the fund offered financial support and "a helping hand to nurses in times of hardship and times of need." Hertz said she picked nurses to be the beneficiaries of the campaign because they were among the worst paid public servants with professional qualifications, earning one-third less than teachers by the time they are established in their careers.

Advisory roles, trusteeships
Hertz acts in an advisory capacity for "major multinational corporations, CEOs, NGOs and politicians, as well as start-up companies, and sits on various corporate and charitable boards." She is a member of the Inclusive Capitalism Task Force, chaired by Dominic Barton, Global Managing Director of McKinsey & Company. She is also an advisor to the Centre for the Analysis of Social Media and a Trustee of the Institute for Public Policy Research. In May 2014 Hertz joined the board of Warner Music Group.

Personal life
Hertz is married to Danny Cohen, the former Director of BBC Television. They were married in 2012 at the Bevis Marks Synagogue in the City of London. The ceremony was conducted by Lord Sacks, the Chief Rabbi, and attended by guests including Rachel Weisz, Nigella Lawson and Charles Saatchi. She lives with her husband in Primrose Hill, London.

title: Noreena Hertz


text:
Chuzhou

Chuzhou is a prefecture-level city in eastern Anhui Province, China. It borders the provincial capital of Hefei to the south and southwest, Huainan to the west, Bengbu to the northwest, and the province of Jiangsu to the east. According to the 2010 Chinese census, the city of Chuzhou has a registered population of 3,987,054 inhabitants, of whom 1,198,719 live in the built-up (or metro) area made of two urban districts, with Lai'an County now largely being urbanized. Nevertheless, 7,260,240 persons declared to be permanent residents.

Climate
Chuzhou has a monsoon-influenced, humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with four distinct seasons. Winters are cold and damp, with average low temperatures in January dipping just below freezing; the January 24-hour average temperature is 2.6 C. Summers are typically hot and humid, with a July average of 27.6 C. The annual mean is 15.9 C, while annual precipitation averages 1074.7 mm, a majority of which occurs from May to August.

Administration
The prefecture-level city of Chuzhou administers eight county-level divisions, including two districts, a sub-prefecture-level city (Tianchang), a county-level city and four counties. The population information here presented uses 2010 census data of permanent residents.

These are further divided into 178 township-level divisions, including 86 towns, 78 townships and 14 subdistricts.

China Railway

 * Chuzhou railway station
 * Chuzhou North railway station

Metro

 * Line S4 (Nanjing Metro) connects Chuzhou railway station with Lai'an County.

Tourism
Mount Langya in Chuzhou is a National Forest Park, National Scenic Area and 4A Tourism Attraction, the mountain is one of Anhui's five biggest scenic attractions.

Education

 * Chuzhou University (CZHU, )
 * Chuzhou Radio and TV University

Notable people

 * Zhu Yuanzhang (1328–1398), founding emperor of the Ming dynasty
 * Wu Jingzi (1701–1754), Qing dynasty writer, author of the satirical novel The Scholars
 * Lu Yuanjiu (born 1920), physicist
 * Jiang Shan (born 1962), former Communist Party secretary of the city, dismissed for corruption
 * Qiu Jianliang, professional kickboxer
 * Ouyang Feng, sanshou fighter and professional kickboxer

title: Chuzhou