text:
Edward Mezvinsky

Edward Maurice Mezvinsky (born January 17, 1937) is an American politician and lawyer from Iowa. He is a former U.S. Representative and felon. A Democrat, he represented Iowa's 1st congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives for two terms (1973–77).

Mezvinsky grew up in Ames, Iowa, and played high school football there. He graduated from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law (1965). After being elected to the Iowa Legislature (1968), he lost a race for Congress in 1970, then won in 1972 and was re-elected in 1974. He made several unsuccessful U.S. Senate attempts in the 1980s. In 2001, he was convicted of 31 charges of felony fraud, and served five years in federal prison.

In 2010, he became father-in-law to Chelsea Clinton, the daughter of Hillary and Bill Clinton.

Life and career
Mezvinsky grew up in Ames, Iowa, the son of Jewish grocery store owner Abe Mezvinsky. His father was born in Russia and his mother in Poland. He was an all-state football end and member of the Ames High School state championship basketball and track teams of 1955.

Mezvinsky attended the University of Iowa, graduating in 1960. He went on to earn a master's degree in political science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1963, and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law in 1965. He returned briefly to Iowa to practice law, but quickly began a political career. In 1965, he worked for former Rep. Neal Smith in Washington on lobbyist disclosure and ethics bills. He was elected to the Iowa Legislature in 1968, where he attracted publicity as a consumers' advocate. He lost a 1970 campaign to unseat Republican Congressman Fred Schwengel in Iowa's 1st congressional district by only 765 votes (out of over 120,000 cast). After reapportionment improved his chances, Mezvinsky won a 1972 rematch.

During his first term in Congress, he sat on the House Judiciary Committee and voted for the impeachment of President Richard Nixon for his activities in the Watergate scandal. He was one of eight Democratic members of the committee who voted for all five articles of impeachment drafted against Nixon; three were reported to the House, while two failed.

Although Mezvinsky defeated Davenport businessman Jim Leach in 1974 in the immediate aftermath of the impeachment hearings, Leach defeated him two years later, in 1976. Six months into his first term in Congress, Mezvinsky separated from his wife of ten years Myra Shulman; they were divorced two weeks after his 1974 re-election. During his final term he married Marjorie Margolies, a television journalist. After his 1976 defeat, they relocated to suburban Philadelphia. After serving in Congress, Mezvinsky was United States Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights from 1977 to 1979.

Mezvinsky unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate seat held by retiring incumbent Republican Richard Schweiker in 1980, but lost to former Pittsburgh Mayor Pete Flaherty. Flaherty went on to lose the general election by a narrow margin to Republican (later Democrat) Arlen Specter.

Mezvinsky became chairman of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party, and made a run for state attorney general in 1988. He won the Democratic primary, but lost to Republican Ernie Preate in the general election. He also unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor in 1990, losing to incumbent Mark Singel.

Criminal activities
In March 2001, Mezvinsky was indicted and later pleaded guilty to 31 of 69 felony charges of bank fraud, mail fraud, and wire fraud. Mezvinsky, who had been working as an attorney at the time, was funneling embezzled and fraudulently obtained money to West African con men after falling victim to an online advance-fee scam. In the waning days of the Clinton presidency, before the indictment was handed down, Mezvinsky's wife wrote personally to President Clinton requesting a pardon for her husband. Clinton declined. Nearly $10 million was involved in the crimes. Shortly after Mezvinsky's indictment, he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, but the judge at his trial disallowed a mental illness defense.

He entered prison in February 2003, and served his time at Federal Prison Camp, Eglin. Mezvinsky, Federal Bureau of Prisons # 55040–066, was released in April 2008, after 5 years. He remained on federal probation until 2011, and still owed $9.4 million in restitution to his victims.

Family
From 1993 to 1995, Mezvinsky's wife Marjorie Margolies served a term in Congress. Together, they raised eleven children, three of whom were adopted. In 1998, she was the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania. In 2000, she was running for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate when her husband's business problems forced them to file for bankruptcy and forced her abrupt withdrawal. They divorced several years later.

Friendship with the Clintons
During the Clinton administration in the 1990s, Mezvinsky and his wife Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky became close to U.S. President Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton, and were frequent guests at White House state dinners. The two families had met when they attended the annual Renaissance Weekend gathering in South Carolina. President Clinton was reportedly indebted to Margolies-Mezvinsky for providing the crucial vote in the House of Representatives to pass his budget and tax bill in 1993, despite being, as Clinton noted in his autobiography, "one of the very few Democrats who represented a district with more constituents who'd get tax hikes than tax cuts, and in her campaign she'd promised not to vote for any tax increases"; she subsequently lost her bid for re-election in 1994. In 2010 Mezvinsky's son, Marc Mezvinsky, married Chelsea Clinton, daughter of Bill and Hillary.

title: Edward Mezvinsky


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Talk:Dee Dee Ramone

Date of birth / photo
This article shows Dee Dee's birth year as 1952. I was just looking at a photo of his headstone which clearly lists his birth date as September 18th, 1951. The headstone was a true labor of love and it's very doubtful that this would be innacurate.

Gee, it would be nice to have a photo of Dee dee.

I came here to say the same thing, heres a picture. I am confused as to what date is correct, CNN and other sources list him at being 49 when he died, but this would mean that those are incorrect. Hoponpop69 04:39, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

I've also found a vh1 article claiming he was 50 when he died. I am goign to switch the currennt info. His obituary also says he was 50. http://tunlaw.org/deedeeobit.htm

Singing
I don't think that he really didn't express an interest in it, but his voice was totally shredded after a few songs, and he couldn't sing and play at the same time anyway. So Joey, who was then drummer, took up lead vocals, and Tommy, who was like their planner, took up drums. And that is what really happened. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.118.251.46 (talk • contribs).

In the documentary "End of the Century" Dee Dee had said that "they were all freaks" rather maliciously when asked about how he felt when Joey replaced him as the lead vocalist. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Wikikrieg (talk • contribs).

Just saw an interview with the Ramones on the television, in which they stated Dee Dee didn't sing because he was unable to play bass and sing at the same time.23:50, 14 February 2006 (UTC) 07:00, 18 September 2014 (UTC)Frozenorange (talk) But what about the "Warthog" film clip that clearly shows Dee Dee singing and playing bass?

Place of birth
Was he born in Fort Lee, Virginia (as the text says) or Vancouver, BC (according to the right sidebar)? 24.58.9.254 01:00, 10 September 2007 (UTC) Michael McDougall

Misc
and he also played guitar

and connnie stabbed him in the butt after she found him cheating on her

and he was scottish too

and  connies a man —Preceding unsigned comment added by 1234rmns (talk • contribs) 14:00, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Getting rid of the line about the book...
It says "The book is surreal and contains a great number inconsistencies and references to the feature film version of The Exorcist (1973), each time it was referenced, it was done so by a written description followed by the line "...like in the movie The Exorcist"." at the end of the section about his writing.

I don't think this line is appropriate -- it's a subjective review, rather than objective encyclopedic material. So it's gone. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.5.70.65 (talk) 19:27, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

KC Ramone
I have never heard of this person... He doesn't appear in End of the Century, nor anywhere else, so I've deleted the reference. Random Nonsense (talk) 19:04, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

"American rappers"?
Who actually classified Dee Dee as a rapper? LMAO! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.76.132.166 (talk) 01:42, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Why not? As long as you count in "artists" like "Vanilla Ice" or "K-Fed". Dee Dee King's album was at least very funny, whether intended or not remains a mystery to me. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.180.102.53 (talk) 08:52, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

phrasing
"'Count-in' style'"? I've always heard counting before a song referred to as "counting off," not "counting in." Anyone? Willerror (talk) 19:10, 1 December 2009 (UTC)

"primary song writer for Ramones"
There was a line similar to the above that I changed to "most prolific songwriter" for the Ramones. The way I phrased it is accurate and non-controversial. But "primary" way undersells Joey's contribution. Joey wrote the band's first 2 songs, "I don't care" and "here today gone tomorrow", which established the Ramones songwriting template. Joey went on to write such Ramones standards as "beat on the brat", "I wanna be sedated", "Sheena is a punk rocker", "do you remember rock n' roll radio", "rock n' roll h.s.", and "the KKK took my baby away", along with a good percentage of other Ramones tunes. And Tommy wrote perhaps the definitive Ramones song, "Blitzkrieg Bop" (with some lyrical improvement by Dee Dee). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.120.121.246 (talk) 17:14, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Discography
Are his singles as a solo artist and with the Ramones really needed in his discography, discographys usually only consist of studio albums, not live albums or singles, so i removed live albums and singles from his discography, if i've done something wrong i'll re-add them. --Chickenguy13 (talk) 07:51, 17 September 2010 (UTC)
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joey_Ramone_(2).jpg

german?he have a mestizo face.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 187.114.194.160 (talk) 21:27, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

The main photo
This is Joey's photo! Not Dee Dee's! Just check how the file is named... //Helen —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.191.219.242 (talk) 19:41, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

Vera Ramone King
I added some information on Dee Dee's ex-wife, Vera. Her surname is listed as "Borlis" on one website and as "Davie" in On the Road With the Ramones. I'm assuming that Davie was the name from her second marriage. I also added the divorce date. If anyone has more information on this, let me know.ValkoWhite (talk) 07:53, 16 January 2012 (UTC)ValkoWhite

External links modified
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Was really Dee Dee Ramone a conservative?
Since a while, I've seen Dee Dee Ramone supposedly to be a staunch conservative in this Wikipedia page, and he figures as a conservative in Punk ideologies too. It's known Johnny Ramone was a conservative because his speech on Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as well a lot of people corroborating that, but the only source that confirms Dee Dee was a conservative is an interview to Marky Ramone in which he states that. However, it's also known Marky had a fewd with another bandmates, like Joey and CJ, the latter being categorized as a "bigot" by him. So I think that Dee Dee wouldn't be a conservative but an apolitical.

--Paburo fg 00 (talk) 02:01, 7 January 2021 (UTC)

 * The issue is, is that I have yet to find a close source to The Ramones say Dee Dee was apolitical. He probably was a Conservative, yet not as provocative as Johnny Ramone, and therefore doesn't get the same attention. Marky referred to Dee-Dee as a Right Wing Fanatic, which tells me he was a Conservative behind closed doors unlike Johnny Ramone. StoogeKing777 (talk) 19:12, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I seriously doubt he was. Marky wouldn't surprise me, but his say-so isn't reliable in this instance. Also, given his relationship with Johnny, I guess he would take the opposite position to Johnny on any matter, just because. Would be for removal. Ceoil (talk) 19:58, 3 April 2022 (UTC)

I don’t think we should remove it. I think leaving it in there would be a great move, because it states that only Marky Ramona said he was a Conservative. This Wikipedia article states the truth there, because Marky Ramone did indeed say that Dee Dee was a Conservative. We are doubting a Ramone’s words on a fellow Ramones band mate, and I find that idiotic. I think we should keep it how it is. State that MARKY said he was a Conservative, without stating it as an objective fact. StoogeKing777 (talk) 22:22, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Naa, just because a disgruntled non-origional band member said something, doesn't mean we should compile it. I'm removing. Ceoil (talk) 22:49, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Marky may not be an original member, but he was performing in the band a hell of a lot longer than any other Ramones drummer was. His word matters more than you think. Whether or not you believe Marky is irrelevant. I'm putting it back. StoogeKing777 (talk) 03:51, 8 April 2022 (UTC)

Bisexual
Dee Dee Ramone was bisexual, this is a well known verified biographical fact about him that has been known since the 1970s. It should be included in the article. 100.14.47.141 (talk) 21:52, 5 January 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Dee Dee Ramone


text: User talk:207.108.42.8

title: User talk:207.108.42.8


text:
WWPR

WWPR may refer to:

 * WWPR (AM), a radio station (1490 AM) licensed to Bradenton, Florida, United States
 * WWPR-FM, a radio station (105.1 FM) licensed to New York, New York, United States
 * WPLJ, a radio station (95.5 FM) licensed to New York, New York, United States, which held the call sign WWPR from 1987 to 1988

title: WWPR


text:
Juturna (album)

Juturna is the debut studio album by American rock band Circa Survive. It was released on April 19, 2005 through Equal Vision Records. Upon the album's release, it debuted on the Billboard 200 at No. 183 on May 7, 2005. Up to July 19, 2006, it had sold 74,896 copies. The album artwork is by Esao Andrews.

Meaning
Juturna is the Roman goddess of fountains, wells and springs and was taken as the album title to symbolize a new beginning for the band's members. It was originally the title of an unreleased song from an early demo of "The Great Golden Baby".

Cultural references

 * The album as a whole and several songs were inspired by the movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. "Oh Hello", "In Fear and Faith", and "Meet Me in Montauk" all reference lines from the film. "Wish Resign" refers to a line from the Alexander Pope poem Eloisa to Abelard, for which the movie was named.
 * "The Glorious Nosebleed" is a short story by Edward Gorey.
 * "Stop the Fuckin' Car" may be a reference to the film Harlem Nights.
 * The hidden track "House of Leaves" is named after and references the book House of Leaves by Mark Z. Danielewski. After "Meet Me in Montauk" ends there is roughly five and a half minutes of silence before the hidden track begins. This may be a reference to the 5&½ Minute Hallway, a fictional film in Danielewski's book. The song may be from the perspective of the main character in the novel, Johnny Truant.

title: Juturna (album)


text:
Again

Again may refer to:

Entertainment

 * Again (video game), a 2009 adventure game for the Nintendo DS
 * Again!! manga
 * Again!, a 2011 children's book by Emily Gravett
 * Again (film), a 2015 Japanese film

Music

 * Again (band), a Chinese rock band

Albums

 * Again (Oliver album), 1970
 * Fitzgerald and Pass... Again, 1976
 * Again (Alan Stivell album), 1993
 * Again (Jewelry album), 2002
 * Again (Colder album), 2003
 * Again (Pnau album), 2003
 * Again (Retro Grave album), 2010
 * Again (Ayumi Hamasaki EP), 2012
 * Again (T-ara EP), 2013
 * Again (Oneohtrix Point Never album), 2023

Songs

 * "Again" (1949 song), a popular song written by Lionel Newman and Dorcas Cochran and also recorded by many other singers
 * "Again", by James Gang from Thirds, 1971
 * "Again" (Shizuka Kudo song), 1987
 * "Again" (Janet Jackson song), 1993
 * "Again" (Alice in Chains song), 1995
 * "Again" (Lenny Kravitz song), 2000
 * "Again", by Archive from You All Look the Same to Me, 2002
 * "Again", by Kutless from Kutless, 2002
 * "Again", by Jennifer Lopez from This Is Me... Then, 2002
 * "Again", by Earshot from Two, 2004
 * "Again" (Faith Evans song), 2005
 * "Again", by Yui Sakakibara, 2006
 * "Again" (Yui song), 2008
 * "Again" (Flyleaf song), 2009
 * "Again" (Jessica Sutta song), 2013
 * "Again" (Fetty Wap song), 2015
 * "Again" (Noah Cyrus Song), 2017
 * "Again" (Black Stone Cherry song), 2020
 * "Again", by Third Eye Blind from Our Bande Apart, 2021

Other uses

 * "Again", a painting by Thomas Hart Benton (painter)
 * Again River, a tributary of Harricana River in Canada
 * Again (horse), a racehorse

title: Again


text:
Svenska Mästerskapet

Svenska Mästerskapet was a Swedish football competition held as a cup to decide the Swedish Champions between 1896 and 1925. It was held during a short period, and all games were often played in either Gothenburg or Stockholm. For many years only teams from Gothenburg and Stockholm participated.

The Swedish Championship knockout competition was last played in 1925. The 1924–1925 season saw the start of the nationwide league Allsvenskan, and from the 1930–1931 season the Allsvenskan winners have been crowned Swedish Champions, except for the years 1982–1990 when Allsvenskan was followed by the Swedish Championship Playoffs and 1991 and 1992 when Allsvenskan was followed by Mästerskapsserien, both to determine the Swedish Champions.

title: Svenska Mästerskapet


text:
TV+ (Chile)

TV+ (pronounced Te Ve Más or TV Más) is a Chilean free-to-air television channel. which is broadcast from Santiago. Previously known as the Television Corporation of the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso or UCV Televisión, it was the oldest television station in the country and the only regional network outside of Santiago that had nationwide coverage. It started broadcasting on an experimental level in the Pontifical University of Valparaíso's buildings in 1957 and was officially launched in August 1959. In 2017, it moved its offices to the Agua Santa district in Viña del Mar.

On 21 November 2018 at 5:00pm, the channel was rebranded as "TV+" and premiered a new graphical package. In late-November, the digital-terrestrial-television subchannel UCV 3 (controlled by the PUCV) would be rebranded as UCV Televisión, broadcasting from its original studios in Viña del Mar.

In recent years, the television station's audience share started to plummet. In 2016, the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso started to search a business partner to revamp the network. On 29 December, the university announced that it sold the channel to the TV enterprise «TV+ SpA», composed of PUCV Multimedios SpA, a media company owned by the university with 10% of the network's share, and Media 23 SpA — a joint venture between GCO Entretención, Disney's official licensed commercial partner in the country, and Contempora, owned by Jesús Diez González, a Chilean businessman owner of the "TurBus" transportation business and manager of the agricultural distributor Covepal— which holds the remaining 90% of the station's share.

History
On 5 October 1957, the first television broadcast in Chile was outcarried by a group of researchers from the Electronics Faculty of the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso. The broadcast event was the inauguration of a new campus dedicated to laboratories and classrooms. The event was attended by the then-President of Chile, Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, government ministers and other authorities of the State during his administration.

This event was considered to be the first true scheduled television broadcast as the television network also aired a newscast following the event. The TV station was officially launched on 22 August 1959 on VHF channel 8 of Valparaíso. Its first aired television show was El hombre ante el universo (The man in the face of the universe), a cultural programme. From 1957 to 1960, UCV TV used to broadcast from 4:00pm to 10:00pm local time. However, from 1968 to 1970, the station increased its airtime, ranging from 3:00pm to 12:00am midnight. In 1969, the network moved its frequency to VHF channel 4 of Valparaíso.

In 1971, UCV TV built a relay transmitter in La Serena, which was the first city outside the Valparaíso Region that could receive UCV TV. Three years later, in 1974, the network built another relay transmitter in the capital, Santiago. In 1975, UCV purchased portable camcorders that made it easier for the network to record footage in the streets as most television stations at the time were still using cinema-centred camera equipment - it beat the competition in the process. In 1978, UCV TV started colour broadcasts along with Santiago's channel 13, the Television Corporation of the Catholic University of Chile (UCTV for short) and could adapt itself to these new changes in just three months. In that same year, it broadcast the first Teletón event as the "Red UCV Televisión", that could be identified by the channel numbers 4, 5 and 8, which represented the frequencies in which the network was broadcasting in Valparaíso, Santiago and La Serena, respectively. The affiliate in La Serena, known as "Canal 8 UCV Televisión", not only aired UCV TV programmes, but also imported programming from Santiago's channel 13.

An affiliate started in Puerto Montt in 1990, initially on channel 7 before moving to channel 8 in 1998, by then it became a relay broadcaster. That same year, to give way to La Red, UCV switched frequencies to Channel 5.

High-definition feed
The channel launched its own HD feed on 25 June 2010, back when it was still named UCV Televisión (the feed was distributed as UCV TV HD) with the broadcast of the football match between Chile and Spain during the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, in association with TVN. It was launched on the digital terrestrial television platform on virtual channel 29.1 in Greater Valparaíso and virtual channel 5.1 in Greater Santiago. It broadcasts at 1920x1080 interlaced lines at 60 fields per second.

title: TV+ (Chile)


text:
Talk:Lu Yu

Article expansion
It will be good if the article could be further expanded, giving a more detailed biography of Lu Yu and how he wrote the Classic of Tea. --Plastictv 19:52, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Why don‘t you do the enhancement work yourself ？You don’t know how to write articles ？Gisling 28 June 2005 23:44 (UTC)

 * i don't have any reference at hand. This area is not my forte. So, if you know Lu Yu well, please help with the article. --Plastictv 29 June 2005 01:10 (UTC)

I have a book of poems by Lu Yu the poet. Is this the same person? They're really remarkable poems.

 * My guess is that you are talking about Lu You? --Plastictv 08:43, 17 October -2005 (UTC)-
 * I must be. ISBN: 0-86547-150-9.  It's just spelled differently.

title: Talk:Lu Yu


text:
Order of Mendi for Bravery

The Order of Mendi for Bravery is a South African civilian honour awarded to South Africans who have performed acts of bravery in attempts to save lives or property. It is granted by the President of South Africa for acts performed by South African citizens anywhere in the world. Instituted on 30 November 2003, it was originally called the Mendi Decoration for Bravery and was renamed as an order on 22 October 2004.

The order is named after a World War I troopship, the SS Mendi, which sank after a collision in 1917, killing more than 600 black South African troops. Although it is a civilian honour, it has been awarded to military units, including units involved in rescuing the victims of the 1991 MTS Oceanos wreck and the 2000 Mozambican floods.

Classes
The Order of Mendi has three classes:

 * Gold (OMBG), for conspicuous bravery;
 * Silver (OMBS), for exceptional bravery; and
 * Bronze (OMBB), for outstanding bravery.

Design
The badge of the order has the oval shape of a traditional African shield. On the obverse is an image of the SS Mendi with a blue crane flying overhead, sealed above by a green emerald which is surrounded on three sides by depictions of the bitter aloe. Behind the shield are a crossed assegai and knobkierrie, and the whole design is surrounded by a border decorated with lion pawprints. The reverse displays the Coat of Arms of South Africa. In addition to the neck badge, the award comprises a miniature medallion and a lapel rosette.

title: Order of Mendi for Bravery


text:
Sentinels of Magic

The Sentinels of Magic is a fictional team of supernaturally powered superheroes created by Geoff Johns and Matthew Dow Smith appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. First appearing in Day of Judgment #1 (November 1999), the group is described as a loose confederation of mystic defenders the team was formed during the "Day of Judgment" storyline when the angel Asmodel led a coup against the demon Neron, a powerful demon lord of Hell. The team included DC Comics occult heroes such as Zatanna, Enchantress, Madame Xanadu, Blue Devil, Raven, and Faust.

The Sentinels of Magic appear in various media, including a new incarnation of the team making a debut in Young Justice consisting of different characters.

Publication history
The team made their first appearance in Days of Judgement #1 (November 1999) as part of the "Day of Judgement" storyline. The title brought together several of DC Comic's occult characters as allies of the Justice League-related characters. The team would later be involved in the major storyline "Black Baptism" within the JLA: Black Baptism (May–August 2001) miniseries in which centered around both members Sebastian Faust and the Enchantress, the latter serving as the main antagonist alongside other characters. Later, the Sentinels of Magic would appear again or the final time in the "Obsidian Age" storyline in the JLA title.

In other media

 * The Sentinels of Magic appear in DC Universe Online, consisting of Doctor Fate, Zatanna, and Raven along with several Apprentices, Initiates, Lightkeepers, Mentors, Sentries, and Vanguards.
 * A band called "Zatanna and the Sentinels of Magic" appear in Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: The Flash.
 * The Sentinels of Magic appear in Young Justice: Phantoms, consisting of Zatanna, Khalid Nassour, Traci Thurston, and Mary Bromfield. This version of the group was personally trained by Zatanna to free her father Zatara from Nabu's control. After the Sentinels succeed, Mary leaves the group while Zatara arranges for Nabu to have the remaining members operate as Doctor Fate via a rotational agreement.

title: Sentinels of Magic


text:
Ignominy

Ignominy may refer to:

 * "Ignominy", part two of the 1944 Lao She novel Four Generations Under One Roof
 * "Ignomínia" (English: Ignominy), a poem in the 2006 Conceição Lima collection A Dolorosa Raiz do Micondó
 * "Ignominy", song on the 2015 Broken Flesh album Broken Flesh

title: Ignominy


text: User talk:69.140.59.158

title: User talk:69.140.59.158


text: Category:Nigerien politicians

title: Category:Nigerien politicians


text:
Sancho III

Sancho III may refer to:

 * King Sancho III of Navarre (c. 985 – 1035)
 * King Sancho III of Castile (1134–1158)
 * Sancho III of Gascony

title: Sancho III


text:
Winsome Sears

Winsome Sears (née Earle; born March 11, 1964) is an American politician serving as the 42nd lieutenant governor of Virginia. A member of the Republican Party, Sears served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 2002 to 2004. She also served on the Virginia Board of Education, and she ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. House of Representatives in Virginia's 3rd congressional district in 2004 and for U.S. Senate in 2018. In 2021, Sears was elected lieutenant governor of Virginia.

Sears is the first woman to serve as lieutenant governor of Virginia and is the first woman of color and first Jamaican-born American citizen elected to statewide office in Virginia. She is expected to run for governor of Virginia in 2025.

Early life, family and education
Sears was born in Kingston, Jamaica, on March 11, 1964. She immigrated to the United States at the age of six. She grew up in the Bronx, New York City.

Sears earned an A.A. from Tidewater Community College, a B.A. in English with a minor in economics from Old Dominion University and an M.A. in organizational leadership from Regent University.

Career before politics
Sears served as an electrician in the United States Marines from 1983 to 1986. Before running for public office, Sears directed a Salvation Army homeless shelter.

Political career
In November 2001, Sears upset 20-year Democratic incumbent Billy Robinson while running for the 90th district seat in Virginia's House of Delegates, becoming the first Jamaican female Republican, first female veteran, and first naturalized citizen delegate, to serve in the body. In 2004, Secretary of Veterans Affairs Anthony J. Principi appointed her to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs' Advisory Committee on Women Veterans.

In 2004, Sears unsuccessfully challenged Democrat Bobby Scott for Virginia's 3rd congressional district seat. She received 31% of the vote.

Sears opened a home appliance business in Virginia after her 2004 election loss.

Governor Bob McDonnell appointed Sears to the Virginia Board of Education in 2011.

In September 2018, Sears entered the race for U.S. Senate as a write-in candidate after Corey Stewart won the Republican nomination, citing his past alliances with white nationalists and other racial controversies. She received less than 1% of the vote.

During the 2020 United States presidential election campaign, Sears supported Donald Trump and was national chairwoman of the PAC "Black Americans to Re-elect the President."

After Republicans heavily underperformed and Trump-endorsed candidates lost in critical battleground states in the 2022 midterms, Sears criticized Trump, calling him a liability on the party and said she would not support Trump in the 2024 presidential election.

2021 lieutenant gubernatorial election
On May 11, 2021, Sears won the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor of Virginia on the fifth ballot, defeating former state delegate and second-place finisher Tim Hugo 54% to 46%. On November 2, 2021, she won the race along with gubernatorial candidate Glenn Youngkin and attorney general candidate Jason Miyares. She was inaugurated as the 42nd lieutenant governor of Virginia on January 15, 2022. She is the first female lieutenant governor of Virginia as well as the first black woman lieutenant governor and statewide officeholder in the Commonwealth.

During the election campaign, she declined to state whether she had been vaccinated against COVID-19, but she encouraged others to get vaccinated.

Abortion
During her campaign for lieutenant governor, Sears initially said she would support legislation similar to the Texas Heartbeat Act, which would make an abortion illegal as soon as fetal heartbeat was detected (as early as six weeks). She has stated that abortion should be allowed in cases of rape and incest, or to prevent harm to a pregnant woman. Later in her 2021 campaign, WRIC-TV wrote that Sears "appeared to backtrack" on her initial comments about the Texas Heartbeat Act. Sears said she did not examine the Texas law, and she declined to state when she thought abortion should be made illegal. After Roe v. Wade was overturned by the Supreme Court of the United States in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, Sears announced her support for a 15-week abortion ban.

Cannabis
In 2021, Sears said she supported medical marijuana but opposed the legalization of marijuana for recreational use.

Education
Sears has called for the opening of more charter schools, lab schools, and virtual schools in Virginia.

Sears has argued that critical race theory (CRT) was "definitely being taught in some form or fashion" in Virginia schools and accused critics of using "semantics" to deny it. Politifact rated as "False" Glenn Youngkin's claim that critical race theory has "moved into all of our schools in Virginia." The site found that, though CRT had been discussed among educators, it was not part of the state's "Standards of Learning", and several school districts denied teaching it to students. Sears called the CRT concept "racist;" she also said the good and bad of American history should be taught.

After COVID-19 interrupted schooling in the state, Sears floated the possibilities of having year-round school or longer school days to make up lost educational time.

LGBT rights
Sears opposed same-sex marriage in her 2004 campaign and wrote in an op-ed that she strongly supported a Constitutional amendment defining marriage as being between a man and a woman and that "our society has gone immeasurably beyond almost all standards in accommodating the homosexual community over the last couple of decades." Sears supports civil unions, but she believes same-sex marriage will continue under precedent.

Gun rights
Sears supports gun rights. Her 2021 lieutenant gubernatorial campaign included a photo of Sears with a rifle that was used on campaign material and social media, which drew criticism from Democrats but also increased her prominence among Republicans, helping elevate her from political obscurity.

Personal life
Sears is married to Terence Sears. She has had three daughters. One of Sears's daughters died in a 2012 car crash, along with Sears's two young granddaughters. As of 2016, she and her family resided in Winchester. She is a devout Christian, and authored a Christian self-help book, Stop Being a Christian Wimp!, before entering politics.

title: Winsome Sears


text:
Nationalist Movement Party

The Nationalist Movement Party (alternatively translated as Nationalist Action Party; Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, MHP) is a Turkish far-right, ultranationalist political party. The group is often described as neo-fascist, and has been linked to violent paramilitaries and organized crime groups. Its leader is Devlet Bahçeli.

The party was formed in 1969 by former Turkish Army colonel Alparslan Türkeş, who had become leader of the Republican Villagers Nation Party (CKMP) in 1965. The party mainly followed a Pan-Turkist and Turkish nationalist political agenda throughout the latter half of the 20th century. Devlet Bahçeli took over after Türkeş's death in 1997. The party's youth wing is the Grey Wolves (Bozkurtlar) organization, which is also known as the "Nationalist Hearths" (Ülkü Ocakları) which played one of the biggest roles during the political violence in Turkey in the 1970s.

Alparslan Türkeş founded the party after criticizing the Republican People's Party (CHP) for moving too far away from the nationalist principles of their founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, claiming that he would not have founded the MHP had the CHP not deviated from Atatürk's ideology. The MHP won enough seats in the 1973 and 1977 general election to take part in the "Nationalist Front" governments during the 1970s. The party was banned following the 1980 coup, but reestablished with its original name in 1993. After Türkeş's death and the election of Devlet Bahçeli as his successor, the party won 18% of the vote and 129 seats in the 1999 general election, its best ever result. Bahçeli subsequently became Deputy Prime Minister after entering a coalition with the Democratic Left Party (DSP) and the Motherland Party (ANAP), though his calls for an early election resulted in the government's collapse in 2002. In the 2002 general election, the MHP fell below the 10% election threshold and lost all of its parliamentary representation after the newly formed Justice and Development Party (AKP) won a plurality.

After the 2007 general election, in which the MHP won back its parliamentary representation with 14.27% of the vote, the party has strongly opposed the peace negotiations between the government and the Kurdistan Workers Party and used to be fiercely critical of the governing AKP over government corruption and authoritarianism. Nevertheless, the MHP has often been referred to by critics as the "AKP's lifeline", having covertly helped the AKP in situations such as the 2007 presidential election, repealing the headscarf ban, and the June–July 2015 parliamentary speaker elections. Since 2015, Bahçeli has been openly supporting Erdoğan and the AKP. This caused a schism within the party, resulting in Meral Akşener leaving MHP to found the nationalist, centrist, and pro-European İYİ Party. Many high-ranking MHP members such as Ümit Özdağ, Sinan Oğan, and Koray Aydın would also either leave it or be expelled later. The MHP supported a 'Yes' vote in the 2017 referendum, and formed the People's Alliance electoral pact with the AKP for the 2018 Turkish general election. MHP currently supports a minority government led by the AKP.

Before 1980
In 1965, nationalist politician and ex-Colonel Alparslan Türkeş, who had trained in the United States for NATO, founded the Turkish Gladio Special Warfare Department, gained control of the conservative rural Republican Villagers Nation Party (Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi, CKMP). During an Extraordinary Great Congress held at Adana in Turkey on 1969, Türkeş changed the name of the party to the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and with the support of Dündar Taşer, a party logo depicting the three crescent was elected.

The MHP embraced Turkish nationalism, and under the leadership of Türkeş, militias connected to the party were responsible for assassinating numerous left-wing intellectuals and academics, including some Kurds, during the 1970s. The leader of the party's youth wing, known as the Grey Wolves after Turkic mythology, claimed that they had an intelligence organization that was superior to the state's own.

On the other hand, MHP had links to the Aydınlar Ocağı (AO; "Hearth of Intellectuals"), a right-wing think tank launched in 1970 by established university professors, which served as a connecting link between secular-conservative, nationalist and Islamic rightists, promoting the ideology of Turkish-Islamic synthesis. AO's ideas, which have been compared to those of the French Nouvelle Droite, had a determining influence on MHP's programmes and served to lend the far-right party a more legitimate, respectable appearance.

The MHP won enough seats in the 1973 and 1977 general election to take part in the "Nationalist Front" governments during the 1970s. The party infiltrated the bureaucracy during these governments during the height of the political violence between rightists and leftists. On May 27, 1980, the party's deputy leader and former government minister Gün Sazak was assassinated by members of the Marxist–Leninist militant group Revolutionary Left (Devrimci Sol or Dev Sol) in front of his home.

When the Turkish army seized power on September 12, 1980, in a violent coup d'état led by General Kenan Evren, the party was banned, along with all other active political parties at the time, and many of its leading members were imprisoned. Many party members joined the neoliberal Anavatan Partisi or various Islamist parties. Party member, Agah Oktay Güner, noted that the party's ideology was in power while its members were in prison.

Re-establishment
The party was reformed in 1983 under the name "Conservative Party" (Muhafazakar Parti). After 1985, however, the name was changed to the "Nationalist Task Party" (Milliyetçi Çalışma Partisi) then back again to its former name in 1992. In 1993, Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu and five other deputies separated and founded the Great Union Party, which is an Islamist party.

Devlet Bahçeli
After Türkeş's death, Devlet Bahçeli was elected his successor. The party won 18% of the vote and 129 seats in the election that followed, in 1999, its best ever result. Bahçeli subsequently became Deputy Prime Minister after entering a coalition with the Democratic Left Party (DSP) and the Motherland Party (ANAP), though his calls for an early election resulted in the government's collapse in 2002. In the subsequent 2002 general election, the MHP fell below the 10% election threshold and lost all of its parliamentary representation after the newly formed Justice and Development Party (AKP) won a plurality.

After the 2007 general election, in which the MHP won back its parliamentary representation with 14.27% of the vote, the party has strongly opposed the peace negotiations between the government and the Kurdistan Workers Party and used to be fiercely critical of the governing AKP over government corruption and authoritarianism. Nevertheless, the MHP has often been referred to by critics as the "AKP's lifeline", having covertly helped the AKP in situations such as the 2007 presidential election, repealing the headscarf ban, and the June–July 2015 parliamentary speaker elections. Since 2015, Bahçeli has been openly supporting Erdogan and the AKP. This caused a schism within the party, resulting in Meral Akşener leaving MHP to found the center-right İYİ Party. The MHP supported a 'Yes' vote in the 2017 referendum, and formed the People's Alliance electoral pact with the AKP for the 2018 Turkish general election. MHP currently supports a minority government led by the AKP, and has 48 MPs in the Turkish Parliament.

Ideology
The MHP represents the Nine-Light doctrine, based on Turkish nationalism shaped by Islam. The MHP is widely described as a neo-fascist party Since the 1990s it has, under the leadership of Devlet Bahçeli, gradually moderated its programme, turning from ethnic to cultural nationalism and conservatism and stressing the unitary nature of the Turkish state. Notably, it has moved from strict secularism to a more pro-Islamic stance, and has – at least in public statements – accepted the rules of parliamentary democracy. Some scholars doubt the sincerity and credibility of this turn and suspect the party of still pursuing a neo-fascist agenda behind a more moderate and pro-democratic façade. Nevertheless, MHP's mainstream overture has strongly increased its appeal to voters and it has grown to the country's third-strongest party, continuously represented in the National Assembly since 2007 with voter shares well above the 10% threshold. The party has also been described as following the ideology of Islamokemalism and espousing Turkish-Islamic synthesis.

Opposition to the HDP
Due to their ideological differences, the MHP is strongly opposed to any form of dialogue with the left-wing pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), which Devlet Bahçeli has often opposed by voting against in Parliament. A notable example was in the June–July 2015 parliamentary speaker elections, where the MHP declared that they would not support any candidate and cast blank votes after the HDP announced support for the Republican People's Party (CHP) candidate Deniz Baykal. The MHP also ruled out any prospect of a coalition government that receives support from the HDP after the June 2015 general election resulted in a hung parliament, even rejecting CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu's offer of Bahçeli becoming Prime Minister in such a coalition. MHP deputy leader Celal Adan claimed that 'even using our party's name in the same sentence as the HDP will be counted as cruelty by us.'

In early September 2015, the MHP and the HDP both voted against the new interim election government ministers from taking their oaths of office, causing speculation of whether the MHP was dropping their harsh stance against the HDP. However, Semih Yalçın downplayed any notions of an alliance between the two parties, stating that "a broken clock will still show the correct time once a day, the HDP can sometimes take a correct decision in Parliament. Showing this as a 'MHP-HDP coalition' is a deliberate diversion." In 2021 Bahçeli has demanded the closure of the HDP in several speeches, a move that is considered un-democratic and authoritarian.

Economic policies
During the June 2015 Turkish general election, the MHP announced a new economic manifesto. The MHP promised to improve the situation of Turkey's working poor by lifting taxes on diesel and fertiliser, raising the net minimum wage to $518, giving a $37 transportation subsidy to every minimum wage worker, and giving those who cannot afford a house an additional $92 per month in rental aid. The MHP said these policies would allow a minimum wage earner living in a big city to earn as much an extra $646 annually.

The MHP stated that their economic policies would create 700,000 jobs, increase the national income per person to $13.3K, and increase exports to $238 billion while keeping annual growth at 5.2 percent between 2016 and 2019, although this did not occur, as the GDP per capita and standard of living plummeted in Turkey from 12,614 USD in 2014 to 9,126 in 2019.

Controversies
In July 2015, amidst a wave of protests against the Xinjiang conflict, MHP-affiliated Ülkücü attacked South Korean tourists on Istanbul's Sultanahmet Square. In an interview with Turkish columnist Ahmet Hakan, MHP leader Devlet Bahçeli played the attacks down, stating that "These are young kids. They may have been provoked. Plus, how are you going to differentiate between Korean and Chinese? They both have slanted eyes. Does it really matter?" Bahceli's remarks, including a banner reading "We crave Chinese blood" at the Ülkücü Istanbul headquarters, caused an uproar in both Turkish and international media.

title: Nationalist Movement Party


text:
Talk:Mirtazapine

Parts of this article read like an advert and its cardiac risk is understated when looking at geriatric mortality, the only research I could find
Mirtazapine is known to cause hyponatremia in some patients and is therefore is a potential slow sodium channel blocker with cardiac symptoms typically appearing around a month after treatment, it just isn't a "fast" sodium channel blocker. This is from one of many peer reviewed journals that actually bother to include Mirtazapine in safety studies. The results on safety are questionable beyond specific cases such as general risks of overdose in people with no co-morbidities or tcas and it's cardiac safety in general is questionable compared to ssris Maiakaat (talk) 12:12, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mirtazapine


text:
Democratic People's Party (Turkey)

The Democratic People's Party (Demokratik Halk Partisi, DEHAP) was a pro-Kurdish political party in Turkey.

Founding and political context
DEHAP was founded 24 October 1997.

It was the continuation of the People's Democracy Party (HADEP), which was banned in March 2003 by the Constitutional Court on the grounds that it supported the Kurdistan Workers Party PKK). On the 26th of March, 2003, 35 Mayors who were part of the HADEP joined the DEHAP. The party had three chairmen. The party was at first presided by Veysi Aydin, who was elected on the parties first ordinary congress in January 1998. After his membership was revoked by the Turkish Supreme Court, he was replaced by Mehmet Abbasoğlu at the first extraordinary congress of the party in May 1998. In the second extraordinary party congress in June 2003, Tuncer Bakırhan was elected its president.

Electoral results
At its last legislative elections in November 2002, the party won 6.2% of the popular vote, thus not reaching the 10% threshold for gaining representation in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. For the local elections in March 2004, the DEHAP, together with the Labour Party (EMEP), the Freedom and Solidarity Party (ÖDP), and the Socialist Democracy Party (SDP), entered an electoral alliance under the name of the Social Democrat People's Party (SHP) Following the elections, 56 elected mayors returned to the DEHAP. It signed a declaration which demanded the PKK to lay down its arms together with 150 Turkish intellectuals.

Merger and dissolution
On the 17th of August, 2005, DEHAP announced its merger with the Democratic Society Movement (DTH) founded by Leyla Zana to form the Democratic Society Party (DTP). In November 2005, it announced that it has dissolved itself.

title: Democratic People's Party (Turkey)


text:
Again (1949 song)

"Again" is a popular song with music by Lionel Newman and words by Dorcas Cochran. It first appeared in the film Road House (1948), sung by Ida Lupino. An instrumental rendition was used in the movie Pickup on South Street (1953). By 1949, versions by Vic Damone, Doris Day, Tommy Dorsey, Gordon Jenkins, Vera Lynn, Art Mooney, and Mel Tormé all made the Billboard charts.

Doris Day cover
The recording by Doris Day was recorded in February 1949 and released by Columbia Records as catalog number 38467. The flip side was "Everywhere You Go". It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on May 13, 1949, and lasted 19 weeks on the chart, peaking at #2.

Vic Damone cover
The recording by Vic Damone was recorded in February 1949 and released by Mercury Records as catalog number 5261. The flip side was "I Love You So Much It Hurts". It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on April 8, 1949, and lasted 15 weeks on the chart, peaking at #11. Other sources give the highest chart position as #6.

Tommy Dorsey cover
The recording by Tommy Dorsey and his orchestra was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-3427. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on June 10, 1949, and lasted 9 weeks on the chart, peaking at #22. Other sources give the highest chart position as #6. The flip side, "The Hucklebuck", also charted.

Gordon Jenkins cover
The recording by Gordon Jenkins and his orchestra was made on February 17, 1949, and released by Decca Records as catalog number 24602. The flip side was "Skip to My Lou". It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on April 15, 1949, and lasted 23 weeks on the chart, peaking at #2.

Vera Lynn
The recording by Vera Lynn, backed by Bob Farnon's orchestra, was released by London Records November, 1948 as catalog number 310. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on January 21, 1949, and lasted 3 weeks on the chart, peaking at #23. The B side was Lavender's Blue.

Art Mooney cover
The recording by Art Mooney and his orchestra was made on March 7, 1949, and released by MGM Records as catalog number 10398. The flip side was "Five Foot Two". It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on July 15, 1949, at #28, its only week on the chart. Other sources give the highest chart position as #7.

Mel Tormé cover
The recording by Mel Tormé was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 15428. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on April 8, 1949, and lasted 18 weeks on the chart, peaking at #7. Other sources give the highest chart position as #3. The flip side, "Blue Moon", also charted.

Other recorded versions

 * Ricky Nelson from the album More Songs by Ricky (1960).
 * Dinah Washington from the album The Two of Us (1960).
 * Erroll Garner from the album Erroll Garner Plays Misty (1955).
 * The Four Freshmen – Voices In Latin (1958).
 * Tom Jones and Sondra Locke (duet) (The Tom Jones Show TV, 1981, and past – "Tom Jones – Duets" 1999, CD Album, UK Label: Point Entertainment)
 * The Lettermen – included on the album Jim, Tony and Bob. (1962).
 * Nat King Cole (1958) – appears on the compilation album Looking Back (1965) and on the compilation album Stardust: The Complete Capitol Recordings 1955-1959 (2006).
 * James Brown and The Famous Flames Released by King Records in 1964, catalog number 45-K11422
 * Ida Lupino (1948, in movie soundtrack)
 * Vera Lynn (new version, released as a single) (1960)
 * Frank Sinatra – CD boxed set "A Voice in Time" features a live 1949 recording from his radio show.
 * Clive Wayne, song with orchestra Conductor: Bruce Campbell. Recorded in London on July 7, 1949. It was released by EMI on the His Master's Voice label as catalog number B 9802.
 * Pat Boone – for his album Moonglow (1960).
 * Arthur Prysock (1965)
 * Cliff Richard Album Cliff Richard (1965)
 * Higgs & Wilson single, Clan Disc (Jamaica), 1970.
 * Pom Pom Squad, on Death of a Cheerleader (2021). Listed as "This Couldn't Happen"

title: Again (1949 song)


text:
Great Unity Party

The Great Unity Party (Büyük Birlik Partisi, BBP) is a far-right Sunni Islamist political party in Turkey, created on 29 January 1993 by Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu, who broke off from the Nationalist Task Party (predecessor of the modern MHP) after a quarrel with Alparslan Türkeş. The BBP's youth wing is the Alperen Hearths.

History
Although it is claimed that the founder of the party Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu left the Nationalist Movement Party (Turkish: Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, MHP) for lack of religious convictions, this should be seen rather as a speculation as Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu rarely blamed the MHP or talked about the separation. The rift between Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu and Alparslan Türkeş actually started after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état. Alparslan Türkeş defended himself in the infamous speech in which he declared "My opinions and beliefs are of the same as the generals who organized the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, yet I am in prison" speech during trials after the coup. The ideological separation started then and reached the surface after Alparslan Türkeş dismissed the Ankara headquarters of the MHP after the 1992 MHP Congress. The delegates had elected the candidate supported by Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu rather than the candidate of Alparslan Türkeş environment. Türkeş's dismissal, seen to show an anti-democratic approach, was the final blow to the relationship between the young circle who had suffered during the 1980 coup, and the old guard which circled around Alparslan Türkeş.

The party has been represented in the Parliament only via electoral coalitions with popular parties. At the 2002 legislative elections, the party won 1.1% of the popular vote and no seats; in the 2007 elections Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu was elected as an independent. In 2009 local elections the BBP's candidate was elected as the new mayor of Sivas.

2009 helicopter crash and death of Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu
On 25 March 2009, the leader of the BBP, Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu, died in a helicopter crash in south-eastern Turkey. A large search and rescue operation was conducted in the mountainous area around Göksun in Kahramanmaraş Province. The helicopter wreckage was found 47 hours after the crash, and all six people on board were found dead. İsmail Güneş, a reporter of the Ihlas News Agency, who was accompanying Yazıcıoğlu, initially survived the crash and placed a desperate call for help just after the crash, and reported a broken leg. By the time the search party located the crash site in the inclement weather, all six aboard, including Güneş, were dead. Yazıcıoğlu had been traveling from Çağlayancerit in Kahramanmaraş Province to Yerköy in Yozgat Province in central Anatolia for another political rally before local elections on 29 March when the chartered helicopter crashed.

2010 Gaza Freedom Flotilla
A delegation representing the BBP participated in the Gaza Freedom Flotilla on board the ship MV Mavi Marmara in May 2010.

Ideology and political positions
Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu affirmed the BBP's goal for Turkey by saying: "our cause is 'we love the creation because of the creator'. We do not separate people as Laz, Circassian, or Kurdish, we will not separate them. We are people living in the same land and under the same flag. Kurds are our brother, PKK is our enemy. We need to see this difference. We are against gangs, the mafia, and a junta. We want to have real deputies in the TBMM. Let the legislate, the executive, the judiciary be separate. Limit immunities. Let the speech of politicians on the podium be free. The party of the politician who gave his opinion should not be closed." About Ergenekon he said "If there is a junta, if there is a gang, let it all be engraved. Let Turkey really be a democratic country". In 2016, the Alperen threatened to stop the annual gay pride march in Istanbul. Alperen's Istanbul chief, Kürşat Mican, stated:"Degenerates will not be allowed to carry out their fantasies on this land...We're not responsible for what will happen after this point ... We do not want people to walk around half-naked with alcohol bottles in their hands in this sacred city watered by the blood of our ancestors."

title: Great Unity Party


text:
User talk:Denelson83/Sailor Moon

Core
Parents of a "numbered" character, if not listed on this page, are designated with their child's number plus the letter "M" in the case of a mother, or "F" in the case of a father. 00 is pronounced "double zero."

Original series
The "-" is pronounced "dash."

title: User talk:Denelson83/Sailor Moon


text:
Gelfond's constant

In mathematics, Gelfond's constant, named after Aleksandr Gelfond, is $eπ$, that is, $e$ raised to the power $\pi$. Like both $e$ and π, this constant is a transcendental number. This was first established by Gelfond and may now be considered as an application of the Gelfond–Schneider theorem, noting that

$$ e^\pi = (e^{i\pi})^{-i} = (-1)^{-i},$$

where $i$ is the imaginary unit. Since $−i$ is algebraic but not rational, $eπ$ is transcendental. The constant was mentioned in Hilbert's seventh problem. A related constant is $2√2$, known as the Gelfond–Schneider constant. The related value π + $eπ$ is also irrational.

Numerical value
The decimal expansion of Gelfond's constant begins

 * $$e^\pi = $$ $23.141$...

Construction
If one defines $k0 = 1⁄√2$ and

$$k_{n+1} = \frac{1 - \sqrt{1 - k_n^2}}{1 + \sqrt{1 - k_n^2}}$$

for $n > 0$, then the sequence

$$(4/k_{n+1})^{2^{-n}}$$

converges rapidly to $eπ$.

Continued fraction expansion
$$e^{\pi} = 23+ \cfrac{1} {7+\cfrac{1} {9 +\cfrac{1} {3+\cfrac{1} {1+\cfrac{1} {1 +\cfrac{1} {591+\cfrac{1} {2+\cfrac{1} {9+\cfrac{1} {1+\cfrac{1} {2+\cfrac{1} {\ddots} }           }            }            }                  }               }            }         }      }   } $$

This is based on the digits for the simple continued fraction:

$$e^{\pi} = [23; 7, 9, 3, 1, 1, 591, 2, 9, 1, 2, 34, 1, 16, 1, 30, 1, 1, 4, 1, 2, 108, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1, 7, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 166, 1, 2, 1, 4, 8, 10, 1, 1, 7, 1, 2, 3, 566, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 20, 1, 2, 19, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 13, 2, 2, 11, ...]$$

As given by the integer sequence A058287.

Geometric property
The volume of the n-dimensional ball (or n-ball), is given by

$$V_n = \frac{\pi^\frac{n}{2}R^n}{\Gamma\left(\frac{n}{2} + 1\right)},$$

where $R$ is its radius, and $Γ$ is the gamma function. Any even-dimensional ball has volume

$$V_{2n} = \frac{\pi^n}{n!}R^{2n},$$

and, summing up all the unit-ball ($R = 1$) volumes of even-dimension gives

$$\sum_{n=0}^\infty V_{2n} (R = 1) = e^\pi.$$

Ramanujan's constant
$$e^{\pi{\sqrt{163}}} = (\text{Gelfond's constant})^{\sqrt{163}}$$

This is known as Ramanujan's constant. It is an application of Heegner numbers, where 163 is the Heegner number in question.

Similar to $eπ - π$, $eπ√163$ is very close to an integer:

 * $$e^{\pi \sqrt{163}} = $$ $262,537,412,640,768,740$... $$ \approx 640\,320^3+744$$

This number was discovered in 1859 by the mathematician Charles Hermite. In a 1975 April Fool article in Scientific American magazine, "Mathematical Games" columnist Martin Gardner made the hoax claim that the number was in fact an integer, and that the Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan had predicted it—hence its name.

The coincidental closeness, to within 0.000 000 000 000 75 of the number $6403203 + 744$ is explained by complex multiplication and the q-expansion of the j-invariant, specifically:

$$j((1+\sqrt{-163})/2)=(-640\,320)^3$$

and,

$$(-640\,320)^3=-e^{\pi \sqrt{163}}+744+O\left(e^{-\pi \sqrt{163}}\right)$$

where $O(e-π√163)$ is the error term,

$${\displaystyle O\left(e^{-\pi {\sqrt {163}}}\right) = -196\,884/e^{\pi {\sqrt {163}}}\approx -196\,884/(640\,320^{3}+744)\approx -0.000\,000\,000\,000\,75}$$

which explains why $eπ√163$ is 0.000 000 000 000 75 below $6403203 + 744$.

(For more detail on this proof, consult the article on Heegner numbers.)

The number $eπ − π$
The decimal expansion of $eπ − π$ is given by A018938:

 * $$e^{\pi} - \pi = $$ $19.999$...

This is approximately equal to:

Despite this being nearly the integer 20, no explanation has been given for this fact and it is believed to be a mathematical coincidence.

That said, as viewed from the framework of algorithmic information theory, it is not hard to form a large set of short arithmetic expressions using well known constants and available operators, where some expression values turn out to land very near to an integer. With enough fluidity in what is considered the allowable expression set, this kind of thing can begin to resemble data dredging.

The number $πe$
The decimal expansion of $πe$ is given by A059850:

\pi^{e} = $$ $19.999$...

It is not known whether or not this number is transcendental. Note that, by Gelfond-Schneider theorem, we can only infer definitively that $ab$ is transcendental if $22.459$ is algebraic and $a$ is not rational ($b$ and $a$ are both considered complex numbers, also $a ≠ 0$, $a ≠ 1$).

In the case of $eπ$, we are only able to prove this number transcendental due to properties of complex exponential forms, where π is considered the modulus of the complex number $eπ$, and the above equivalency given to transform it into $(-1)-i$, allowing the application of Gelfond-Schneider theorem.

$πe$ has no such equivalence, and hence, as both π and $b$ are transcendental, we can make no conclusion about the transcendence of $πe$.

The number $eπ − πe$
As with $πe$, it is not known whether $eπ − πe$ is transcendental. Further, no proof exists to show whether or not it is irrational.

The decimal expansion for $eπ − πe$ is given by A063504:

e^{\pi} - \pi^{e} = $$ $e$...

The number $ii$
Using the principal value of the complex logarithm, $$i^{i} = (e^{i\pi/2})^i = e^{-\pi/2} = (e^{\pi})^{-1/2}$$

The decimal expansion of is given by A049006:

i^{i} = $$ $0.682$...

Because of the equivalence, we can use the Gelfond-Schneider theorem to prove that the reciprocal square root of Gelfond's constant is also transcendental:

$0.208$ is both algebraic (a solution to the polynomial $x2 + 1 = 0$), and not rational, hence $ii$ is transcendental.

title: Gelfond's constant


text:
Tod Sloan

Tod Sloan is the name of:
 * Tod Sloan (jockey) (1874–1933), American thoroughbred horse racing jockey
 * Tod Sloan (baseball) (1890–1956), American baseball player for the St. Louis Browns
 * Tod Sloan (ice hockey) (1927–2017), Canadian ice hockey forward

title: Tod Sloan


text:
Cordillera Province

Cordillera Province may refer to:

 * Cordillera Province, Bolivia
 * Cordillera Province, Chile

title: Cordillera Province


text:
Talk:Amorphous solid water

Removed this sentence:

 * If water is cooled very rapidly then it forms an amorphoric glass.

because amorphoric doesn't appear to be a real word. --Heron 19:55, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amorphous solid water


text: User talk:69.7.160.187

title: User talk:69.7.160.187


text:
Sancho IV

Sancho IV can refer to:

 * Duke Sancho IV Garcés of Gascony (d. 950x955)
 * King Sancho IV of Navarre (d. 1076)
 * King Sancho IV of Castile (c. 1257 – 1295)

title: Sancho IV


text:
Acetogen

An acetogen is a microorganism that generates acetate (CH3COO−) as an end product of anaerobic respiration or fermentation. However, this term is usually employed in a narrower sense only to those bacteria and archaea that perform anaerobic respiration and carbon fixation simultaneously through the reductive acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) pathway (also known as the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway). These genuine acetogens are also known as "homoacetogens" and they can produce acetyl-CoA (and from that, in most cases, acetate as the end product) from two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and four molecules of molecular hydrogen (H2). This process is known as acetogenesis, and is different from acetate fermentation, although both occur in the absence of molecular oxygen (O2) and produce acetate. Although previously thought that only bacteria are acetogens, some archaea can be considered to be acetogens.

Acetogens are found in a variety of habitats, generally those that are anaerobic (lack oxygen). Acetogens can use a variety of compounds as sources of energy and carbon; the best studied form of acetogenic metabolism involves the use of carbon dioxide as a carbon source and hydrogen as an energy source. Carbon dioxide reduction is carried out by the key enzyme acetyl-CoA synthase. Together with methane-forming archaea, acetogens constitute the last limbs in the anaerobic food web that leads to the production of methane from polymers in the absence of oxygen. Acetogens may represent ancestors of the first bioenergetically active cells in evolution.

Metabolic roles
Acetogens have diverse metabolic roles, which help them thrive in different environments. One of their metabolic products is acetate which is an important nutrient for the host and its inhabiting microbial community, most seen in termite's guts. Acetogens also serve as "hydrogen sinks" in termite's GI tract. Hydrogen gas inhibits biodegradation and acetogens use up these hydrogen gases in the anaerobic environment to favor the biodegradative capacity of the host by reacting hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide to make acetate. Acetogens have the ability to use variety of substrates in an event where another competitor such as a methanogen makes hydrogen gas a limiting substrate. Acetogens can use and convert alcohols, lactates and fatty acids, which are usually restricted to syntrophs, instead of just carbon dioxide and hydrogen. This enables them to take on the roles of important contributors of food chain such as primary fermenters. Acetogens can work together with methanogens, as exemplified by the conversion of carbohydrates by a Methanosarcina barkeri and coculture of A. woodii. The methanogen takes up acetate to favor the acetogen. Sometimes the interspecies transfer of hydrogen gas between A. woodii and an H2-consuming methanogen results in hydrogen gas being released from the acetogen instead of going toward acetogenesis by the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. Acetogens are also one of the contributors to corrosion of steel. Acetobacterium woodii utilize hydrogen gas and CO2 to make the acetate that is used as carbon source for many of the sulfate-reducing bacteria growing with hydrogen gas and sulfate.

title: Acetogen


text:
Arakan massacres in 1942

During World War II, Japanese forces invaded Burma (now Myanmar), which was then under British colonial rule. The British forces retreated and, in the power vacuum left behind, considerable violence erupted between pro-Japanese Buddhist Rakhine and pro-British Muslim villagers. As part of the 'stay-behind' strategy to impede the Japanese advance, the Commander-in-Chief of forces in Delhi, Wavell, established "V-Force", which armed Rohingya locals in northern Arakan to create a buffer zone from Japanese invasion when they retreated.

The period also witnessed violence between groups loyal to the British and Burmese nationalists.

Inter communal violence
Tensions boiling in Arakan before the war erupted during the Japanese invasion of Southeast Asia, and Arakan became the frontline in the conflict. The war resulted in a complete breakdown of civil administration and consequent development of habits of lawlessness exacerbated by the availability of modern arms. The Japanese advance triggered an inter-communal conflict between Muslims and Buddhists. The Muslims fled towards British-controlled, Muslim-dominated northern Arakan from Japanese-controlled Buddhist-majority areas, which stimulated a genocide of Rakhine Buddhists in British-controlled areas, particularly around Maungdaw. Failure of British a counter-offensive attempted from December 1942 to April 1943 resulted in the abandonment of even more of the Muslim population as well as an increase in inter-communal violence.

Moshe Yegar, a research fellow at Truman Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, noted that hostility had developed between the Muslims and the Buddhists who had brought about a similar hostility in other parts of Burma. This tension was let loose with the retreat of the British. With the approach of the Japanese into Arakan, the Buddhists instigated cruel measures against the Muslims. Thousands, though the exact number is unknown, fled from Buddhist-majority regions to eastern Bengal and northern Arakan, with many being killed or dying of starvation. The Muslims in response conducted retaliatory raids from British-controlled areas, massacring scores of Buddhists and causing many Buddhists to flee to southern Arakan.

Aye Chan, a historian at Kanda University in Japan, has written that, as a consequence of acquiring arms from the Allies during World War II, Rohingyas tried to destroy the collaborationist Arakanese villages instead of resisting the Japanese. Chan agrees that hundreds of Muslims fled to northern Arakan but states that the accounts of atrocities on them were exaggerated. The British Army's liaison officer Anthony Irwin, in contrast, praised the role of the V Force.

Muslims from Northern Rakhine State tortured, raped, and killed more than 20,000 Arakanese, including the Deputy Commissioner U Oo Kyaw Khaing. In return the Buddhist also killed a large number of Rohingya Muslims. The total casualty count of both parties in that conflict is not certain and no concrete official reference can be found.

Persecution by the Japanese forces
Imperial Japanese forces slaughtered, raped, and tortured Rohingya Muslims and Indian Muslims. They expelled tens of thousands of Rohingya into Bengal in British India. The Japanese committed countless acts of rape, murder and torture against thousands of Rohingyas. During this period, some 22,000 Rohingyas are believed to have crossed the border into Bengal, then part of British India, to escape the violence. Defeated, 40,000 Rohingyas eventually fled to Chittagong after repeated massacres by the Burmese and Japanese forces.

A British report stated that after massacres "the area then occupied by us was almost entirely Mussulman Country".

title: Arakan massacres in 1942


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Let It Be (The Replacements album)

Let It Be is the third studio album by American rock band The Replacements. It was released on October 2, 1984, by Twin/Tone Records. A post-punk album with coming-of-age themes, Let It Be was recorded by the band after they had grown tired of playing loud and fast exclusively as on their 1983 Hootenanny album; the group decided to write songs that were, according to vocalist Paul Westerberg, "a little more sincere."

Let It Be was acclaimed by music critics and later ranked among the greatest albums of the 1980s by AllMusic and Rolling Stone magazine. Now considered a classic, Let It Be is frequently included on professional lists of the all-time best rock albums, being ranked number 241 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. The album was remastered and reissued in 2008, with six additional tracks and liner notes by Peter Jesperson.

Background
The Replacements started their career as a punk rock band but had gradually grown beyond the straightforward hardcore of initial albums like Stink. Westerberg recalls that "playing that kind of noisy, fake hardcore rock was getting us nowhere, and it wasn't a lot of fun. This was the first time I had songs that we arranged, rather than just banging out riffs and giving them titles." By 1983, the band would sometimes perform a set of cover songs intended to antagonize whoever was in the audience. Westerberg explained that the punks who made up their audience "thought that's what they were supposed to be standing for, like 'Anybody does what they want' and 'There are no rules' [...] But there were rules and you couldn't do that, and you had to be fast, and you had to wear black, and you couldn't wear a plaid shirt with flares ... So we'd play the DeFranco Family, that kind of shit, just to piss 'em off."

Peter Buck of R.E.M. was originally rumored to produce the album. Buck later confirmed that the band did consider him as a possible producer, but when they met Buck in Athens, Georgia, the band did not have enough material. Buck did manage to contribute to the album in a limited capacity; he said, "I was kind of there for pre-production stuff, did one solo, gave 'em some ideas."

Music and lyrics
Westerberg's lyrics feature themes of self-consciousness and rejection as felt by awkward youths, and deal with topics such as generational discontent on "Unsatisfied", uncontrollable arousal on "Gary's Got a Boner", and amateurish sexuality on "Sixteen Blue". According to music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the album's coming-of-age theme is aligned between adolescence and adulthood, and unlike many other adolescent-themed post-punk records, Let It Be remains less on the subject of angst and incorporates humor and more varied music.

Packaging and title
The cover of Let It Be is a photograph of the band sitting on the roof of Bob and Tommy Stinson's mother's house taken by Daniel Corrigan. Michael Azerrad stated that the cover was a "great little piece of mythmaking," showcasing each band member's personality via how they appear in the photograph. (As of 2019, the current owners of the house had added a stained-glass window reproducing the album-cover photograph.) The album's title is a reference to the 1970 album Let It Be by The Beatles; Westerberg recalled: "We were going to call it Whistler's Mammy, and then we were going to call it Stunk. And then we decided that the next song that came on the radio was going to be the album title. The next thing you know, 'When I find myself in times of trouble...' comes on the radio." The reference was partially intended as a joke on the Replacements' manager, Peter Jesperson, who was a huge Beatles fan. Westerberg has stated the name was "our way of saying that nothing is sacred, that the Beatles were just a fine rock & roll band. We were seriously gonna call the next record Let It Bleed."

Critical reception
Reviewing for The Village Voice in 1984, music critic Robert Christgau said that the band has matured by incorporating melody in their music and felt that they succeed by writing about their likes and dislikes rather than adhering to garage rock principles. Debby Miller of Rolling Stone magazine called it a "brilliant rock & roll album" and wrote that, instead of the rugged, up-tempo rock of the band's first two albums, Let It Be has "an amazing range" of musical ideas. Bruce Pavitt, writing in The Rocket, called the album "mature, diverse rock that could well shoot these regional boys into the national mainstream." Let It Be was voted the fourth best album of the year in The Village Voice's annual Pazz & Jop critics' poll for 1984. Christgau, the poll's creator, ranked it second best on his own list, and in a decade-end list for the newspaper, named it the tenth best album of the 1980s. He later said that, along with X's 1981 album Wild Gift, Let It Be represented the peak of American indie rock.

In a retrospective review, eMusic's Karen Schoemer said that Let It Be is "as classic as rock & roll could be" and cited it as a cornerstone album of alternative rock, along with R.E.M.'s Murmur, the Pixies' Surfer Rosa, and Sonic Youth's Daydream Nation. Eric Boehlert of Salon called it a "post-punk classic". Singer-songwriter Colin Meloy wrote of Let It Be in an edition of the 33⅓ series dedicated to the album: "I listened to Let It Be endlessly. The record seemed to encapsulate perfectly all of the feelings that were churning inside me [...] Paul Westerberg's weary voice sounded from my boombox and I trembled to think that here I was, thirteen and the 'hardest age' was still three years in the making." In a 2005 review, Rolling Stone's Christian Hoard wrote that the Replacements "had no use for the principles or oblique artiness" of contemporary indie rock bands such as Sonic Youth and Hüsker Dü, and concluded that "few albums so brilliantly evoke the travails of growing up, and even fewer have so perfectly captured a young band in all its ragged glory."

Let It Be has frequently been included on professional lists of the all-time best rock albums. In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked it at number 239 on its list of 'The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time' and called it "a post-punk masterpiece", slipping to number 241 in a 2012 revision, but climbing to number 156 in the 2020 reboot of the list. In 1989, the magazine had also rated it at #15 on its list of 100 best albums of the '80s. In the 1999 miniseries "VH1's 100 Greatest Albums of Rock and Roll," VH1 ranked Let It Be #79. Pitchfork rated the album at #29 on their 100 Best Albums of the 1980s. Spin ranked it #12 on their list of the 25 Greatest albums of all time. Slant Magazine listed the album at #39 on its list of "Best Albums of the 1980s". The opening track of the album, "I Will Dare" has been inducted in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.

Personnel

 * The Replacements
 * Chris Mars – drums, vocals
 * Bob Stinson – lead guitar
 * Tommy Stinson – bass guitar, vocals
 * Paul Westerberg – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano, mandolin on "I Will Dare", 12-string electric guitar on “I Will Dare”, lapsteel on "Unsatisfied", production

 * Additional musicians
 * Peter Buck – guitar solo on "I Will Dare"
 * Chan Poling – piano on "Sixteen Blue"

 * Technical personnel
 * Steve Fjelstad – production
 * Peter Jesperson – production

title: Let It Be (The Replacements album)


text:
Wahnfried (disambiguation)

Wahnfried is Richard Wagner's villa in Bayreuth, Germany.

Wahnfried may also refer to:

 * Richard Wahnfried (now simply "Wahnfried"), an alias for German composer and musician Klaus Schulze
 * Wahnfried (film), a 1986 film about Wagner
 * Sire of Der Löwe (1944–1973), a German Thoroughbred stallion

title: Wahnfried (disambiguation)


text:
Pancake batfish

The pancake batfish (Halieutichthys aculeatus), Atlantic pancake batfish, Louisiana pancake batfish or spiny batfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ogcocephalidae, the deep sea batfishes or seabats. This species is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.

Taxonomy
The pancake batfish was first formally described in 1818 as Lophius aculeatus by the American naturalist Samuel Mitchill with the original type locality given as the Strait of Bahamas, with a neotype later being designated "from 32°28'N, 78°47'09"W, about 92.4 kilometers at 107° off Off Charleston Light, South Carolina, USA". Although Lophius aculeatus was preoccupied by L. aculeatus Walbaum, 1792, this synonym of Lophius piscatorius was never used and Mitchill's name is a nomen protectum. In 1863 the Cuban zoologist Felipe Poey was credited by Theodore Gill with the name  Halieutichthys reticulatus and with proposing the new monospecific genus Halieutichthys. Poey's H. reticulatus is now considered to be a synonym of Mitchill's L. aculeatus, and is the type species of its genus by monotypy. This species, alongside H. bispinosus and H. intermedius make up the aculeatusspecies complex within the genus Halieutichthys. The genus Halieutichthys is classified within the "Eastern Pacific/Western Atlantic clade" of the family Ogcocephalidae. The family Ogcocephalidae is classified in the monotypic suborder Ogcocephaloidei within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.

Etymology
The pancake batfish belongs to the genus Halieutichthys which combines the genus name Halieutaea, for the similarity of these fishes to the species in that genus, and ichthys, the Greek word for "fish". The specific name, aculeatus, means "spined" or "sharply pointed", an allusion to the prickly back and edge of the disc.

Description
The pancake batfish has a flattened head and body which are widened into a rounded disc, with a moderately long tail. The mouth is very small, as is the illicial cavity on the snout which is covered by puffy, membranous folds. The esca is a single bulb. The pupils are covered. There is a buckler at the angle of the preoperculum which is not larger than the nearby bucklers. The openings of the gills are small and they are located to the rear of the upper base of the pectoral fins. The gill rakers are similar to small teeth set on short stalks. They have small dorsal and anal fins which are located to the rear of the body. The bases of the pectoral fins have a wide attachment to the body and the pelvic fins are not reduced in size. The lateral line is complete and there are a pair of lateral line organs on the caudal peduncle behind the anus. There are no tubercles along the lateral line. The scales are large, irregular, pitted tubercles; with few, sparse tubercles on the caudal peduncle while the tubercles on the upper body are relatively small and sharp, although they are only rarely present over the eye. There is a triangle of 3 tubercles on the side of each shoulder to the rear of the eye with the innermost tubercle being small and blunt, The adults are scaleless on the underside of the body and large areas of the upperside are also without scales. This species is distinguished from other members of the aculeatus species complex by the two narrow black bands across its pectoral fins. There is a rather fine reticulated pattern of color on the upper body surface, made up of a dense pattern of melanophores. This is a rather small species with the adult body size usually reaching a standard length of no greater than 7 cm, the maximum published total length of 10 cm.

Distribution and habitat
The pancake batfish is found in the western Atlantic Ocean where it has been recorded from Cape Hatteras in North Carolina southwards along southeastern coast of the United States to the northwestern Bahamas. In the Gulf of Mexico it has been recorded from the Florida Keys north to Louisiana, as well as from Tabasco, Mexico. Records from farther south need verification. This demersal fish is found at depths between 5 and 422 m, typically between 50 and 150 m, on soft sediments.

Biology
The pancake batfish partially buries itself in the sediment. Like other anglerfishes, this species is an ambush predator that preys on small gastropods, bivalves and crustaceans, as well as polychaete worms and rarely small fishes. The eggs and larvae are pelagic and metamorphosis begins when the larvae settle on the substrate.

title: Pancake batfish


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Tocopilla

Tocopilla is a city and commune in the Antofagasta Region, in the north of Chile. It is the capital of the province that bears the same name.

Every year Tocopilla celebrates its anniversary on 29 September with a big show the day before, which includes a parade down in the main street of the city, food and a fireworks display at midnight.

The city is divided into two main parts consisting of the central city and smaller portion known as La Villa Sur (in which the more luxurious houses are located). The two parts are divided by the thermoelectric power plant and a large saltpeter processing and shipping plant, with the coastal highway connecting the two portions. The northern portion of Tocopilla is home of the municipal buildings, the central square and many stores and shops. The steep gradient of the city from beach to vertical hillside is covered in houses and apartments crammed together to save space. A large artificial beach called "Covadonga" and a small artificial beach called "Caleta Boy" are the main attractions during summer months and serve as a focus away from the heat of the Atacama. On the north side of the city, there is a black sandy beach called "El Panteón". Tocopilla is the birthplace of artist Alejandro Jodorowsky and footballer Alexis Sánchez.

Toponymy
Tocopilla means "the devil's corner" in the Quechua language.

Jodorowsky explains the etymology further in his autobiography The Dance of Reality: "In the Andean language of Quechua, Toco means "double sacred square" and Pilla means "devil." In this case, the devil is not the incarnation of evil but a being of the subterranean dimension who gazes through a window made of both spirit and matter—that is, the body—in order to observe the world and share his knowledge with it. Among the Mapuche, Pillán means "the soul, the human spirit arrived at its final destination."

2007 earthquake
On 14 November 2007, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurred 40 km east-southeast of Tocopilla, followed by aftershocks of magnitude up to 6.8. As a consequence, 1,200 homes were destroyed in Tocopilla, leaving 4,000 of its 27,000 inhabitants homeless. There were two fatalities, and at least 115 were injured.

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Tocopilla had 23,986 inhabitants (12,050 men and 11,936 women). Of these, 23,352 (97.4%) lived in urban areas and 634 (2.6%) in rural areas. The population fell by 4.0% (999 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.

Administration
As a commune, Tocopilla is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2013-2016 alcalde is Fernando San Román Bascuñán (Ind./PRO).

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Tocopilla is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Marcos Espinosa (PRSD) and Felipe Ward (UDI) as part of the 3rd electoral district, (together with María Elena, Calama, Ollagüe and San Pedro de Atacama). The commune is represented in the Senate by Pedro Araya Guerrero (Ind.) and Alejandro Guillier (Ind.) as part of the 2nd senatorial constituency (Antofagasta Region).

Sport
The city has one association football team called Deportes Tocopilla who currently play in Tercera B (Chile).

Former Arsenal F.C., Manchester United F.C. forward Alexis was also born in Tocopilla and currently competes in Serie A for Inter Milan.

Economy
This city generates electricity for the entire region and is therefore known as "the city of energy". When saltpeter exportation in Chile was at its highest point, Tocopilla was especially significant as an export point. Nowadays, even when the saltpeter is not so profitable, Tocopilla is still home of companies focused on its extraction.

Its position along the coast allows it to have an active fishing activity, that along with the mining activity are the main resources. It is a fishing port, with fishmeal and canned fish factories. Through its port the copper from Chuquicamata and saltpeter from El Toco are exported. Tocopilla has metallurgic, chemical and nitrate treatment industries, along with the power plant. Due to these activities, Tocopilla is a dormitory city, since many people work outside the city.

Two other important sports are volleyball, with relative success at school and federated level.

In media
The Dance of Reality, a 2013 Chilean-French film by Alejandro Jodorowsky, was filmed in Tocopilla.

The city is mentioned in the Hank Snow and Johnny Cash song "I've Been Everywhere."

title: Tocopilla


text:
Minibike

A minibike is a two-wheeled, motorized, off-highway recreational vehicle popularized in the 1960s and 1970s, but available continuously from a wide variety of manufacturers since 1959. Their off-highway nature and (in many countries) typically entirely off-road legal status differentiate minibikes from motorcycles and mopeds, and their miniature size differentiates them from dirt bikes.

Traditionally, minibikes have a four-stroke, horizontal crankshaft engine, single- or two-speed centrifugal clutch transmissions with chain final-drive, 4" or 6" wheels and a low frame/seat height with elevated handlebars. Commercially available minibikes are usually equipped with small engines commonly found elsewhere on utilitarian equipment such as garden tillers.

History

While the minibike had precursors in machines such as the Doodle Bug and Cushman Scooters, which share smaller wheels, tubular-steel frames, and air-cooled, single-cylinder engines, those vehicles had larger seat heights and lighting that allow them to be registered for road use as scooters. In the 1950s, minibikes were hand-made by enthusiasts. These were first popularly used as pit bikes, for drag racers to travel in the staging-areas during races. One of these "Pit bikes" was received by brothers Ray, Larry and Regis Michrina in early 1959 from local car dealer and racer Troy Ruttman.

The Michrina Brothers would create the first commercial minibikes by drawing inspiration from this Pit Bike, delivering 3 prototypes to Troy Ruttman to sell through his dealership. The Michrina brothers are credited with creating the minibike but failed to patent the design or trademark the term when founding their Lil Indian brand in 1959. Lil Indian would go on to manufacture tens-of-thousands of minibikes in their 40+ years. From the mid-1960s into the 1970s, the popularity of said machines would see over a hundred manufacturers attempt to market machines, an inexpensive venture due to the absence of patents. So popular and simple was the design, the June of 1967 Popular Mechanics magazine included an article with plans.

As the market for minibikes developed, a variety of cottage and major industries offered models, including Arctic Cat, Rupp, Taco, Heath, Gilson, and Fox. Traditional motorcycle manufacturers also released models inspired by aspects of minibikes, most famously Honda with the Z50A, though this style was nicknamed a Monkey Bike due to its monkey-like riding position. Sales peaked in 1973, with 140,000 units between manufacturers. By 1976 the bubble had burst and fewer than ten manufacturers continued to make minibikes. Popularity declined steadily, but leveled off in the early 1990s. Currently, machines can still be found at various retailers for less than $800.

The wide availability of cheap, generic components manufactured in China has given rise to the popularity of home-assembled minibikes. These bikes typically have simple, boxy tube frames, small wheels, and are often built with some parts repurposed from Go-Karts, dirt bikes, or gas-powered tools. Bikes built this way can range from underpowered machines running on lawnmower motors up to extremely powerful ones capable of speeds up to 100 miles per hour. Despite not being road legal, recreational riding of these bikes, especially in large groups, has become popular in many cities in Southern California.

Recently there has been a trend of adult sized electric minibikes.

Legal status
In some jurisdictions, it is not legal to operate minibikes in certain places or without regulatory-specified special equipment.

Canada
Minibikes do not meet Federal safety standards for use on public roads.

UK
It is not legal for Minibikes to be used on public roads or land. Further, it is not legal to use Minibikes on a property in proximity to a population if cited for noise pollution.

US
Whilst laws vary by state, Minibikes became unlawful for use on public through-ways due to lack of safety equipment, lights, and their diminutive size causing visibility issues. In 1977, the CPSC was unsuccessfully lobbied to add federal regulation to Minibikes. By 1979 in the US, Minibikes could not be operated on public roads, they could still operate in areas legal for use of other recreational vehicles, provided they had a specified set of proper equipment utilized at the time of sale, most notably a spark arrestor for the exhaust. In many US states mini bikes can be made street legal.

title: Minibike


text:
Cordillera Province (Bolivia)

Cordillera is a province in the Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. Its capital is Lagunillas.

Geography
This area of the Santa Cruz Chaco occupies the southern part of the department, is the largest province of the country, geographically defined as the Gran Chaco and that extends to the departments of Tarija and Chuquisaca and even the republics of Paraguay and Argentina. Characteristics of dry weather, warm day and cold at night. The name of this province is due to its topography, being the largest province in the department and the country. Bounded on the north by the provinces of Chiquitos and Andrés Ibáñez. The south by the Republic of Paraguay and the department of Chuquisaca. The east by the Germán Busch province. To the West and the department of Chuquisaca province Vallegrande Florida and has a surface area of 86,245 km² occupying 23.3% of the total area of the department, being the largest province of the country Its height above sea level is: 1240 m has a population: 190,768,098 inhabitants (2001 census). A population density: 1.49 people per km² Relief .- belongs to a clearly defined geographical area known as Gran Chaco, which extends to the departments of Chuquisaca and Tarija and the republics of Argentina and Paraguay. One of the three quarters of the territory is on the ramifications of (Cordillera Real or Oriental) This region is made up of parallel chains oriented from north to south decrease gradually increased until complete series of low hills. The remaining two thirds are just plain wet and covered with vegetation.

Subdivision
The province is divided into seven municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons.

History
La Cordillera de los Chiriguanosa or simply Cordillera is the word with which the colonial era began to know what is now the Cordillera Province and large surrounding territories. This name is because Chiriguanosa - Guarani occupied much of the Andean Cordillera orbit. The Royal Charter of 17 December 1743 established that the territory of the Cordillera Province came from the south to the banks of the Pilcomayo River, and the east to the Paraguay River. By a decree of January 23, 1826 issued under the presidency of Marshal Antonio José de Sucre, Cordillera Province was established with five departments of Bolivia. The DS 24 September 1857 that is subject to Cordillera the political leadership of Santa Cruz, with total independence from Vallegrande. Only three months later, on December 25 DS 1857 leads to the creation of the political leadership of the Cordillera, which was not implemented. Act of 1863 are created in the prefectures and sub-departments and provinces, respectively, to replace the political leadership created by Supreme Decree on December 25, 1857. The sub would be the responsibility of raising the contribution indigenal. In 1877 The Board of Directors of the Cordillera province leads the Supreme Government a comprehensive note, accompanied by incontrovertible documents on the right of that province and the territories of Cuevo Ibo, sought by the department of Chuquisaca.

Places of interest

 * Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area
 * Otuquis National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area

title: Cordillera Province (Bolivia)