text:
Talk:Tarim mummies

Caucasian
It seems weird that this article is using the population classification preferred by phrenologists.

AlleyRegent69 (talk) 15:43, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

 * the problem is that it's not just phrenologists who use the term Caucasian, read the article, and we can only represent the sources.  Doug Weller  talk 08:24, 19 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Caucasoid is a better term, used in plenty of the source material. It's also less ambiguous, since Caucasian often literally mean "from the Caucasus area".  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  00:42, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

"The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies"
paper here "The identity of the earliest inhabitants of Xinjiang, in the heart of Inner Asia, and the languages that they spoke have long been debated and remain contentious1. Here we present genomic data from 5 individuals dating to around 3000–2800 BC from the Dzungarian Basin and 13 individuals dating to around 2100–1700 BC from the Tarim Basin, representing the earliest yet discovered human remains from North and South Xinjiang, respectively. We find that the Early Bronze Age Dzungarian individuals exhibit a predominantly Afanasievo ancestry with an additional local contribution, and the Early–Middle Bronze Age Tarim individuals contain only a local ancestry. The Tarim individuals from the site of Xiaohe further exhibit strong evidence of milk proteins in their dental calculus, indicating a reliance on dairy pastoralism at the site since its founding. Our results do not support previous hypotheses for the origin of the Tarim mummies, who were argued to be Proto-Tocharian-speaking pastoralists descended from the Afanasievo1,2 or to have originated among the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex3 or Inner Asian Mountain Corridor cultures4. Instead, although Tocharian may have been plausibly introduced to the Dzungarian Basin by Afanasievo migrants during the Early Bronze Age, we find that the earliest Tarim Basin cultures appear to have arisen from a genetically isolated local population that adopted neighbouring pastoralist and agriculturalist practices, which allowed them to settle and thrive along the shifting riverine oases of the Taklamakan Desert." Doug Weller  talk 15:47, 2 November 2021 (UTC)

" The Tarim mummies’ so-called Western physical features are probably due to their connection to the Pleistocene ANE gene pool, and their extreme genetic isolation differs from the EBA Dzungarian, IAMC and Chemurchek populations, who experienced substantial genetic interactions with the nearby populations mirroring their cultural links, pointing towards a role of extreme environments as a barrier to human migration." Doug Weller talk 15:48, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
 * It remains unclear from that article whether and how each tested indivudual should in fact belong to the Tocharian speaker group - beside time and geography.HJJHolm (talk) 07:19, 31 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Miscitation: "Li et al. (2010) found that nearly all – 11 out of 12 males, or around 92% – belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup R1a1-M17 (Z93-)[22], ..." Wrong: The term "M17" does not appear in Li(2010); instead "M198A", which marks R1a1a.HJJHolm (talk) 10:19, 31 July 2023 (UTC)
 * And F. Zhang et al.[including Ch Li], nature 599/2021, states, " ... our results support no hypothesis involving substantial human migration from steppe or mountain agropastoralists for the origin of the Bronze Age Tarim mummies, but rather we find that the Tarim mummies represent a culturally cosmopolitan but genetically isolated autochthonous population."
 * [And, the missing link:] "Future archaeological and palaeogenomic research on subsequent Tarim Basin populations—and most importantly, studies of the sites and periods where first millennium ad Tocharian texts have been recovered—are necessary to understand the later population history of the Tarim Basin."HJJHolm (talk) 09:57, 31 July 2023 (UTC)
 * in my view, the chinese sources remain self-contradicting regarding the origin of the 7 (!) R1a1a finds!HJJHolm (talk) 10:23, 31 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Kumar et al. (2022) to a certain degree fill the gap between the EBA population of Dzungaria with a high-level of Afanasievo ancestry reported in Zhang et al. (2021) and the late attestation of Tocharian in the northern rim of the Tarim Basim. Kumar et al. report high levels of Afanasievo ancestry in several individuals from the Tianshan mountains right to the north of the Tarim Basim dated to the LBA and IA, and also in individuals from the southern rim of the Tarim Basin from the Iron Age and even from the Historical Era (1727–1575 and 1866–1711 calBP!). This data has – to my knowledge – not yet been discussed in the context of linguistic archeology, but it confirms a proposal by Bjørn (2022) about a two-step migration of Tocharian speakers which brought them to the Tarim Basin at a relatively late stage ("The language of Afanasievo suffered almost complete language extinction owing to both Iranic and Turkic encroachment, eclipsing most dialects before they had the chance to be documented; only Tocharian, by virtue of undertaking a second migration south into the Tarim Basin and the cultural sphere of Buddhist and Chinese written traditions, emerged before going extinct."). It is obviously not mandatory that the preservation of Tocharian necessarily went along with detectable persistence of Afanasievo ancestry (Tocharian could have also spread to the south through language shift), but finding traces of the latter certainly supports the Afanasievo/Tocharian hypothesis. –Austronesier (talk) 19:22, 31 July 2023 (UTC)

Some more sources
Can't particularly vouch for all source quality; I'm just running across mostly-secondary material and pasting the citation deets for it here. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  01:01, 13 July 2023 (UTC)
 * – This source is already in the article but has barely been touched.
 * – Ditto.
 * – As with everything at NYT, you can defeat their paywall by doing a very quick select-all and copy before the paywall's overlay pops up, then paste the text into some other app and read it there.
 * – Lame title, but this is one of the pieces that gets into the modern politics, and our article needs to cover that better.
 * – Ditto.
 * – A rather substantial article.
 * 2 vols. – Expensive academic work (US$165 list price, and not found on Amazon, etc.), best gotten through inter-library loan.
 * – Ditto; about US$80 on Amazon right now.
 * 2 vols. – Expensive academic work (US$165 list price, and not found on Amazon, etc.), best gotten through inter-library loan.
 * – Ditto; about US$80 on Amazon right now.
 * 2 vols. – Expensive academic work (US$165 list price, and not found on Amazon, etc.), best gotten through inter-library loan.
 * – Ditto; about US$80 on Amazon right now.
 * 2 vols. – Expensive academic work (US$165 list price, and not found on Amazon, etc.), best gotten through inter-library loan.
 * – Ditto; about US$80 on Amazon right now.

Caucasian typical traits? Is tallness exclusive only to whites?
I raise issues with the part where it states that the mummies had 'typical caucasian' feature and then states (tall stature, high cheekbones, deep-set eyes). I don't mean to state the obvious but should be mentioned many white people are not tall, nor is tallness a whites only trait. And also Eurasians, East Asians and Africans also can have deep set eyes so it's not exactly a trait belonging to Caucasians only. When you write that these are typical features of Caucasians, it's both inaccurate and wrong at multiple levels as other races have those too. However the mummies were described as having a so-called Western physical appearance. And such a facial style is actually typical of Caucasians and so that should stay. So made the changes. 49.180.125.162 (talk) 16:22, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tarim mummies


text:
User talk:Slorge

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--Slorge Gridlock 06:42, 29 July 2006 (UTC)I reuploaded and tagged the images properly

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I reuploaded and tagged the images properly--Slorge Gridlock 07:19, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

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I reuploaded and tagged the images properly--Slorge Gridlock 07:19, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

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I reuploaded and tagged the images properly--Slorge Gridlock 07:20, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

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I reuploaded and tagged the images properly--Slorge Gridlock 07:21, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Slorge


text: User talk:132.56.180.4

title: User talk:132.56.180.4


text:
Talk:Open Firmware

"Macintosh computers that use an Intel microprocessor do not use Open Firmware."
Source: Universal Binary Programming Guidelines: Open Firmware /* was Universal Binary Programming Guidelines: Open Firmware */.

However I'd leave the article as is for now, since there aren't any Intel Macs generally available yet. AlistairMcMillan 16:17, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Based on that evidence, I'd certainly (now) support changing the article now. And it also adds credence to a point I raised off Wikipedia where I was speculating on whether 1) Apple will support dual simultaneous booting of Windows and Mac OS X via a hypervisor and 2) whether Mac OS X will eventually run on commodity PCs and Apple will transform into a software-oriented + boutique hardware company.

 * Thanks for the pointer!

 * Atlant 17:04, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, thanks. Very interesting. --DavidCary 21:44, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Some Old World PPCs use OF
This page previously asserted that only New World Macs used Open Firmware. As far as I know, that's false. See Old World ROM, this page. I did not, however, word the edit perfectly. If you can think of a better way, please edit. Adrian Sampson 18:09, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * All PowerPC PCI Macs used OF. Potatoswatter (talk) 19:19, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Open hardware?
The article includes a link to "Open hardware", with no further explanation. Does Open Hardware have anything to do with OpenFirmware, besides starting with "Open"?
 * No. Mirror Vax 04:38, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

"powerful language"
the discussion of open firmware being a "powerful language" is a bit imprecise. i think that someone means to say that it's recursive (a.k.a. turing-complete) ... which, of course, implies that it can be used to solve towers of hanoi ... or any other problem that any other language can encode.

 * Forth is a powerful and complete programming language. (Though the Open Firmware implementation of it is a fairly trim.)—überRegenbogen 12:53, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Forth in OFW is a complete ANS Forth implementation, with a lot of additional features and concepts not found in ANS Forth. So it is actually a lot more powerful than the standard forth itself. 88.66.25.124 (talk) 16:02, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

 * It's middle of the road. The standard itself defines basic interrupts and exceptions, things needed to create a basic OS, with a fair level of object orientation to support the driver system. Then vendors add extras to support demanding hardware at high speed, GUI administration/maintenance tools, filesystems, etc. So it's not C++, but it's just enough to write a usable GUI OS with full driver support for a vendor's machines. Potatoswatter (talk) 19:15, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

high or low level language?
The article refers to Forth, at different points, as both a high-level and a low-level language. Forth can seem somewhere in between; but it is sophisticated enough to be considered high-level.—überRegenbogen 12:53, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Merge from FCode
See discussion in Talk:Forth (programming language). Wandering if it is possible to hack without any apllications? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.176.214.51 (talk) 00:59, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Support per most of the discussion there... FCode is an integral part of OF and not anything else. What do you mean "hack without any applications"? — please define "hack" and "application" here. OF can be easily manipulated at runtime, but typically that is done by the text interpreter and not more cumbersome bytecode. Potatoswatter (talk) 17:57, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

Comparison to UEFI?
I'd like to see a point-by-point comparison of OF and UEFI, and specifically, the typical extensions fo OF found on sparc, powerpc, etc. linas (talk) 18:05, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

PCI
PCI based systems are not the only systems open firmware/open boot worked with. SBus Suns for example. Chris Fletcher (talk) 14:37, 21 August 2018 (UTC)
 * OpenBoot was developed originally on SBus systems, but those were gone by the time OpenFirmware was released. My recollection is that Sun stopped developing SBus based desktops in the mid-90s (Ultra-1 timeframe), and servers not too long after that - while the release of OpenFirmware (what this article is about) wasn't until a decade later. Tarl N. ( discuss ) 00:23, 22 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Open Firmware


text:
Pagurapseudopsis

Pagurapseudopsis is a genus of crustaceans in the family Pagurapseudidae, containing the following species:
 * Pagurapseudopsis carinata (Bacescu, 1981)
 * Pagurapseudopsis gracilipes Shiino, 1963
 * Pagurapseudopsis gymnophobia (Barnard, 1935)
 * Pagurapseudopsis iranica Bacescu, 1978
 * Pagurapseudopsis thailandica Angsupanich, 2001

title: Pagurapseudopsis


text:
Persianism

The word Persianism is used to describe any process of forming or transforming a phenomenon into something which has Persian (Iranian) traits and peculiarities.

Persianism can also mean a school of thought which emphasises the study of Persian culture and informing others about it. It is said by the scholar Ofira Seliktar that Shi'ism and Persianism overlap in Iran.

The scholar Muhammad Iqbal wrote, "The conquest of Persia meant not the conversion of Persia to Islam, but the conversion of Islam to Persianism!"

Speaking of how the Persians regained governance of their country, the scholar Philip Khuri Hitti writes, "Arabianism fell, but Islam under a new guise, that of Persianism, marched on triumphantly."

In the field of linguistics, Persianism is the Persian pronunciation of a word.

title: Persianism


text:
TT Circuit Assen

The TT Circuit Assen is a motorsport race track built in 1955 and located in Assen, Netherlands. Host of the Dutch TT, it is popularly referred to as "The Cathedral of Speed" by motorcycle racing fans. The venue has the distinction of holding the most Grand Prix motorcycle races every year (except ) since the series was created in. It has a capacity of 110,000 spectators, including 60,000 seats. Since 1992, the circuit has also been part of the World SBK calendar except for the 2020 season.

History
The original Assen track was first used for the 1926 Dutch TT (Tourist Trophy) race, after the first 1925 event was held on country roads through the villages of Rolde, Borger, Schoonloo and Grolloo, and organized by the Motorclub Assen en Omstreken. The brick- and semi-paved track had a length of 17.75 mi. The winner was Piet van Wijngaarden on a 500 cc Norton with an average speed of 91.4 km/h. From 1926 on the Dutch TT was held at Assen on a street circuit through De Haar, Barteldsbocht, Oude Tol, Hooghalen, Laaghalen and Laaghalerveen.

In 1951 the Italian Umberto Masetti took the record on a 500 cc Gilera with an average speed of 100.88 mph. In 1954, Geoff Duke of Great Britain reached 106.06 mph. The circuit remained unchanged until 1955, when a whole new circuit was built by using a third of the original street circuit, joined with purpose-built sections, but less than a third of the length and much more like a modern road racing circuit.

In the period of 1999–2002, the circuit invested millions in upgrades. In 1999, the circuit management placed a new main grandstand and hospitality buildings. In 2000, a new Race Control tower was built, as well as 34 newly equipped pit boxes, a new media and medical centre. Between September 2001 and April 2002, another €9 million was spent on the enlargement of the paddock area from 40 to 60.000 square metres. This upgrade meant that the Veenslang and Ruskenhoek corners had to be altered. The main straight has also moved about 50 metres eastwards and a new two-lane tunnel now connects the paddock with the main entrance road and the media accreditation / welcome centre. The Mandeveen and Duikersloot corners have been moved back by 10 metres to accommodate larger run-offs and gravel beds at the southern part of the circuit. That part of the track has also been resurfaced with new asphalt. In total, the circuit has been shortened from 6.049 km to 6.027 km. The total cost of these upgrades was €23 million.

In 2005, the grandstand at the Geert Timmer corner was slightly altered. In order to improve the gravel run-off length, the grandstand was made in a 'floating' manner to accommodate the extra space that was needed. The lay-out of the circuit was also slightly altered.

The circuit was fundamentally redesigned again in 2006, becoming the so-called A-Style Assen TT Circuit. All alterations aside, only one section of the circuit is original; the finish line never moved. On 21 September 2009 it was announced that a new chicane will be added, after a request from the A1GP organization, however A1GP was unable to start the 2009–2010 season and as a substitute the Superleague Formula replaced A1GP.

Current racetrack
Assen race track was built in 1955, and initially had a length of 7.705 km. The current track has a length of 4.555 km with the mixture of super fast flat-out and slow corners. The longest straight is 560 m. The curves in Assen were traditionally banked and the surface is extremely grippy, so the riders were able to drive much faster on the course than other circuits. Today these sloped or curved bends have been modified due to safety issues.

Innovation
On 6 July 2004, the organisation announced plans for an amusement park located to the north of the track. In 2006 the northern loop was removed and the length was shortened to 4.555 km. The new centre is expected to be visited by 300,000 people, and the total investment is approximately €85 million.

Events

 * Current

 * April: Superbike World Championship, Supersport World Championship, Supersport 300 World Championship, Northern Talent Cup
 * May: Ducati Club Races
 * June: Grand Prix motorcycle racing Dutch TT, MotoE World Championship Dutch eRace, Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
 * July: Dutch Moto Classic
 * August: Supercar Challenge Jack’s Casino Racing Days, BOSS GP, Porsche Carrera Cup Benelux, Sidecar World Championship, IDM Superbike Championship, Northern Talent Cup
 * September: ADAC Racing Weekend Assen, Tabac Classic Grand Prix
 * October: Supercar Challenge Finaleraces

 * Former

 * ADAC Formel Masters (2008–2011)
 * ADAC GT Masters (2008–2011)
 * ATS Formel 3 Cup (2004–2012)
 * British Superbike Championship (2012–2019)
 * Champ Car World Series (2007)
 * Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (2019–2021)
 * DTM Trophy (2021)
 * European Truck Racing Championship (2004–2005, 2009)
 * FIM Endurance World Championship (1979–1980, 1995–1996, 2003–2006)
 * Formula 750 (1976–1979)
 * Formula Renault 2.0 Germany (1997–1998, 2004–2005)
 * Formula Renault 2.0 Netherlands (2003–2005)
 * Formula Renault Northern European Cup (2006–2017)
 * Motocross World Championship (2015–2018)
 * Porsche Carrera Cup Germany (1997)
 * Prototype Cup Germany (2023)
 * SMP F4 Championship (2017–2018)
 * Superleague Formula (2010–2011)
 * Super Tourenwagen Cup (1996)
 * TCR Europe Touring Car Series (2018)
 * W Series (2019)

Lap records
As of June 2024, the fastest official race lap records at the TT Circuit Assen are listed as:

title: TT Circuit Assen


text:
Talk:Kemah, Texas

SOME HISTORICAL DATA FOR KEMAH, TEXAS
Added by anonymous user: 68.90.49.201

NATIVE INHABITANTS
The history of Kemah, Texas goes back more than 180 years. The Karankawa Indians, a group of five nomadic, linguistically related groups including the Cocos, Cujanes, Karankawas proper, Coapites, and Copanos, occupied the area from Galveston Bay to Corpus Christi Bay during the late Spring and Summer months. Evidence of the Karankawas near present-day Kemah was discovered back in the 1890s. This discovery will be discussed later in the article. Indian inhabitants began to leave when European settlers arrived, and most had retreated from the area by 1850.

THE DISAPPEARING FOUNDER
The recorded history of Kemah began in the early 1800s, when Texas was still under the Mexican flag. On August 24, 1824, the Mexican government granted a labor (approx. 177 acres) of land to to a settler by the name of Michael Gouldrich. Gouldrich was listed as one of Stephen F. Austin’s first colonists in 1826, a widower over 50 years of age engaged in farming and stockraising. His land was located on the south bank of Clear Creek, where the creek flows into Galveston Bay. Oddly enough, Gouldrich disappeared from historical record after his recorded receipt of the land grant. No historical records or accounts identify him with any development of a settlement, homestead, or right of way at his claim location. Odder still, there is no record of his death.

"FLANDERS GROVE"
Sometime between 1826 and 1830, a man by the name of William Vince of Vince’s Bayou, Harrisburg County, acquired the Clear Creek land. On several early maps of Galveston Bay dating back to that time period, the name “Flanders Grove” or “Flanders Labor” appears in the vicinity of the present day town of Kemah, at the mouth of Clear Lake. The place-name has ties to a New Hampshire native by the name of John Flanders. John was the son of Levi and Mary (Sargent) Flanders and was born in Salisbury, Massachusetts. John had been in business with his father in New Hampshire. No record exists concerning the nature of business John and his father owned, although apparently at least a part of the business they conducted dealt in real estate. In the time immediately prior to John's move to the Texas territory, he and his father had a disagreement over a mortgage held by John on a piece of property owned by a widow. John wished to foreclose and his father opposed it. The disagreement developed into bad feelings and John left home, never communicating with his family thereafter.

John Flanders was issued a passport for six months on December 7, 1830, in Austin’s colony. A notation in Austin’s Register of Families reads, “Flanders is to be included as a colonist although he takes no land.” Flanders, a 32-year-old single farmer at the time, had arrived in the Galveston Bay region in mid to late December 1830. It is believed that his first place of residence was in Anahuac, Texas, on the northern tip of Galveston Bay. There, he acquired a house and a lot. However, he was not listed on the 1834 census of Anahuac and it is believed that somtime between early 1831 and the time of the 1834 census Flanders made the purchase of William Vince's land. Since the 1834 censuse does not record Flanders' name as a resident of Anahuac, it is reasonable to assume that he was probably living on his Clear Creek property by that time.

Sadly enough, John Flanders was listed among the dead at the Alamo. He was one of thirty-two men, commanded by Captain George Kimball, who entered the Alamo on March 1, from Gonzales. Why he was with the men from Gonzales is unknown. Flanders was a Private under Kimball, 36 years old at the time of the Alamo seige, and still unmarried.

THE MYSTERY HEIRS
With John Flander's death came some interesting and mysterious dealings concerning his estate that, of course, included the "Flanders Grove"/"Flanders Labor" tract. In 1841, Allen Vince, brother of the now-deceased William Vince and resident of Vince’s Bayou, Harris County, was named administrator of the John Flanders estate. The estate was said to consist of only the labor of land at the mouth of Clear Creek on the Southwest side. A petition for sale of the land, to satisfy debts, was requested May 28, 1844. The deceased Vince owed money for lawyer fees (in the case of Sawyer vs Vince in District Court). The land was appraised at $2.00 per acre and sold to Jonathan D. Waters on July 2, 1844 for $354.00. This transaction leaves open the questions of whether or not Flanders still owed William Vince any monies for the land purchase, and how much legal right Allen Vince had to sell the land and use the revenues to pay of a debt on behalf of his brother's estate, instead of keeping the Flanders estate intact.

Let's digress from the Kemah historical table a moment as we take a look at even more dubious dealings connected to the Flanders estate. Texas General Land Office records show a 1,476-acre land grant patented to the heirs of John Flanders (named as the original Grantee - deceased) under File number 144, Abstract 263, in Harris County, under the "Harris 1st District" on January 28, 1842. This was an expansion grant supporting growth in Harris County and then-growing Houston proper. Oddly enough, the land grant and patent BOTH were issued after Flander's death. Also, according to the Flanders estate probate, which was administered by Allen Vince in 1841, this land grant was not part of the Flanders estate at the time of his death.

Let's look even deeper into the Flanders estate. The estate of John Flanders received a land grant from the newly annexed State of Texas, totalling 2560 acres on April 25, 1851 under a series of land grants known as the Bexar Warrants, for his “having fallen with Travis in the Alamo.” According to Land Grant records filed in the Texas General Land Office, two land patents were filed to the "heirs" of John Flanders. File number 882, Abstract 60, patented 1920 acres in Dimmit County (West Texas) on October 17, 1851, issued under the Bexar Bounty Warrant/Certificate #810. File number 890, Abstract 61, patented an additional 640 acres in Dimmit County on October 16, 1851, issued under the Bexar Donation/Certificate #282. While this was a posthumous grant, once again we see the patent being issued to an unnamed "heir" of the Flanders estate.

Both the Harris 1st and Bexar Grants bring about the question of John Flanders' mystery heirs. What makes these patent claims even more puzzling is the lack of contact John Flanders maintained with his family back in New Hampshire, plus the fact that Flanders was unmarried and has no public record of children all the way up to the time of his death at the Alamo. Add to this mystery the fact that Allen Vince administered the Flanders estate and used revenue generated by the sale of Flanders' then-recorded land holdings (Flanders Labor/Flanders Grove/present-day Kemah, Texas) to pay of a legal debt incurred by his deceased brother, William Vince. Top that off with the fact that John Flanders received an expansion land grant in Harris County to encourage the growth of Houston proper...AFTER his death, and that the grant was again patented by the mystery heir. For more information, visit the Texas General Land Office - Land Grant Archives at: http://www.glo.state.tx.us/archives/landgrant.html

PRE-TOWNSHIP HOMESTEADERS
As mentioned earlier, Jonathan Dawson Waters purchased the "Flanders Grove"/"Flanders Labor" tract from Allen Vince, administrator of John Flanders' estate per his death at The Alamo. Jonathan Waters was a planter born in Newberry District, South Carolina. Waters arrived in Texas on March 1, 1840, at the age of 31. He immediately purchased a large plantation and named it Arcola, located near present-day Arcola in Fort Bend County, Texas. Waters sold 10 acres of the southeast end of the Flanders Labor on Clear Creek to Charles B. Underhill of Galveston on October 3, 1850. Underhill and wife, Martha Jane sold the same 10 acres to Mrs. Elizabeth S. Justice on June 3, 1853. The widow Justice married Abraham H. Kipp sometime after her husband, Stephen died in 1856. Kipp’s son, Henry, married Elizabeth’s daughter, Mary Elizabeth Justice. In 1875, Henry and Mary Kipp moved from Clear Creek to Cedar Bayou, near present-day Baytown in Harris County. There, Henry began a shipyard. The business prospered and the Kipp’s raised a family of 12 children there. A daughter, Jane Kipp married James Bradford of Cedar Bayou, who owned a large four masted schooner. Bradford ran his boat from Cedar Bayou along Galveston Bay freighting cordwood, brick, produce, or anything the customers wanted. In 1891 the Bradfords moved back to Clear Creek and lived in the house first built by Jane’s parents. The Kipps and Bradfords acquired the balance of the Gouldrich labor and part of the Muldoon league.

THE RAILROAD
Among his numerous business ventures and transactions, Waters was major stockholder and, eventually, President of the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos, and Colorado Railway, which was incorporated in 1850. Decades later, after several mergers, acquisitions, and incarnations of the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos, and Colorado Railways, and after Waters' death in 1871, railway assets were bought out by Southern Pacific Railways, including the Galveston, Houston & Henderson line (completed 1853), which runs parallel to the present-day State Highway 3 corridor. The North Galveston, Houston & Kansas City line, completed in 1891, ran parallel to present-day Highway 146 from ??? Point to Texas City, and on to Seabrook, where it split into two lines, one going toward Barbours Cut near present-day LaPorte and one going toward Buffalo Bayou near present-day Jacinto City. The North Galveston, Houston & Kansas City line is no longer in operation from the Red Bluff Road Crossing in Seabrook to the Attwater Avenue Crossing near Highway 146, approximately 5 miles north of Texas City. Although no precise records of the Waters holdings are on hand, it is possible that the "Flanders Grove" parcel that Waters had owned was obtained by Southern Pacific sometime in the late 1800s to allow passage of the North Galveston, Houston & Kansas City line through the south shore of Clear Creek.

EARLY ORGANIZED SETTLEMENT
Although the South Shore of the Clear Creek outlet to Galveston Bay had seen a somewhat shaky early history of entitlements, buyouts, probates, and even abandonments, growth was afoot. It is possible that we can thank John Flanders for first settling the area. With that came a few more homesteaders, including

Along the shoreline of the village was a shell reef some 20 to 30 feet deep in places. During the 1890’s James Bradford sold the shell to the railroad for seventy-five cents a rail car. A spur tract was built from Dickinson to haul away the shell. During the excavation of the shell some twenty-five Indian skeletons were unearthed also lithic debris (arrow points, stone tools, etc.), pottery and fire hearths were found. A Southern Pacific railroad line was built and passed through the area bringing more people, so the Bradford and Kipp families subdivided the land they owned into town lots in 1898 and established the township of Evergreen. The village was basically a summer resort. The hurricane of 1900 flattened the town and in 1901 Henry Kipp and his wife moved back to Evergreen and built a lovely two-story home with wrap-around porches that is till standing today on 10th Street. Jane and James Bradford also built a similar two-story home facing the bay not too far from the Kipp home.

Johnathan D. Waters of Fort Bend County sold 10 acres of the southeast end of the Gouldrich labor on Clear Creek to Charles B. Underhill of Galveston on October 3, 1850. Underhill and wife, Martha Jane sold the same 10 acres to Mrs. Elizabeth S. Justice on June 3, 1853. The widow Justice married Abraham H. Kipp sometime after her husband, Stephen died in 1856. Kipp’s son Henry married Elizabeth’s daughter, Mary Elizabeth Justice. In 1875 they moved from Clear Creek to Cedar Bayou, Harris County where Henry began a shipyard. The business prospered and the Kipp’s raised a family of nine children there. A daughter, Jane Kipp married James Bradford of Cedar Bayou, who owned a large four masted schooner. Bradford ran his boat from Cedar Bayou along Galveston Bay freighting cordwood, brick, produce, or anything the customers wanted. In 1891 the Bradfords moved back to Clear Creek and lived in the house first built by Jane’s parents. The Kipps and Bradfords acquired the balance of the Gouldrich labor and part of the Muldoon league. The Kemah post office was established November 12, 1907 by John H. Kipp, Sr. The name of the town was changed to Kemah because there was already an Evergreen. Kemah, an Indian word meaning “Wind in the Face”, was chosen by residents. Most families on the bay had boats for transportation, therefore one of the first businesses in Kemah was the Platzer Boatyard. Owned and operated by Herman Platzer the yard was located on Clear Creek, which afforded deep water for docking while the shallow bay did not. New boats were built and old boats repaired and refinished. With the advent of Prohibition in 1920 and the tolerance of Galveston County officials to alcohol and games of chance, Kemah became Houston’s playground with wide-open gambling and drinking. During the 1950’s the Clear Creek Channel was opened and a large shrimp fleet was based at Kemah. Carla, the 1961 hurricane devastated the city and virtually destroyed it. Recovery from the massive storm was slow but the fishing industry returned and grew in strength. Marine storage facilities for pleasure craft in the city and surrounding areas during the 1970’s and 1980’s added greatly to the economy. Kemah was incorporated as a village on March 22, 1965. The first mayor was Dr. R. B. Estes and the first Aldermen were John J. Dewey, F. W. Bertram, J. J. McCabe, Lee Hart, and Frank O Mabry. The first Police Chief was Kenneth Hanson. On October 22, 1966 the Village of Kemah adopted Chapters 1 through 10, Title 28 of Vernon’s Texas Civil Statutes becoming a General Law City. In 1992 the city encompassed two square miles with a population of 1,300.

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title: Talk:Kemah, Texas


text: File:Chapterfromavaleforlorn.jpg

title: File:Chapterfromavaleforlorn.jpg


text:
Silver (Moist album)

Silver is the debut studio album by Canadian rock band Moist. The album cost approximately $4000 Canadian to make. It included the singles "Push", "Silver" and "Believe Me". The album reached #12 on The Record's Canadian Albums Chart. It is the band's most commercially successful album, being certified 4× Platinum in Canada.

Recording and release
In 1993, in an effort to get a record deal, the band decided to record a full-length album, which was done from December 26, 1993, to January 1, 1994; the album included five songs from Moist's 1993 independently released cassette. The album was titled Silver and released independently on February 8, 1994. It was distributed by EMI Music Publishing Canada, whom the band had signed with in 1993. By March 1994, the band signed with EMI Music Canada and the label relaunched the album in April.

Reception
AllMusic's James Chrispell wrote that "Moist's music can be described as an aural equivalent to the great northern rain forests of British Columbia" and that "Dark, angry songs show the influence absorbed from places south of their border, namely Seattle, but Silver is no copy of anyone else's style."

Singles

 * Push
 * Silver
 * Believe Me
 * Machine Punch Through
 * Freaky Be Beautiful (UK release)

Credits

 * David Usher - vocals
 * Jeff Pearce - bass guitar
 * Mark Makoway - guitar
 * Kevin Young - keyboard/piano
 * Paul Wilcox - drums
 * Produced by Moist and Kevin Hamilton

title: Silver (Moist album)


text:
NWA World Tag Team Championship (Florida version)

The Florida version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship was the primary professional wrestling championship for tag teams in Championship Wrestling from Florida (CWF) that was used between 1961 and 1969. When the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) was created in 1948, the board of directors decided to allow each NWA member to create its own local version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship. As it is a professional wrestling championship, it is not won or lost competitively, but instead determined by the decision of the bookers of a wrestling promotion. The title is awarded after the chosen team "wins" a match to maintain the illusion that professional wrestling is a competitive sport.

CWF, the NWA's Florida territory, introduced their version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship in January 1961 when they introduced the Von Brauners (Kurt and Karl Von Brauner) as the NWA World Tag Team Champions. Records are unclear on how the Von Brauners became champions; it is possible that they were simply billed as champions upon arrival. In 1969 CWF abandoned the NWA World Tag Team Championship, with the Masked Infernos as the last champions. CWF later used the NWA North American Tag Team Championship, NWA Southern Tag Team Championship, NWA United States Tag Team Championship, and NWA Florida Global Tag Team Championship.

The Von Brauners hold the record for most championship reigns, six in total, as well as the longest combined reigns, with at least 540 days. The Von Brauners' first reign, and the first reign of the championship, lasted at least 196 days, the longest individual reign. Eddie Graham held the championship on seven occasions with various partners. The shortest individual reign lasted nine days as Eddie Graham and Jose Lothario held it from October 25 to November 3, 1966.

Team reigns by combined length

 * Key

Individual reigns by combined length

 * Key


text:
Wikipedia:List of Caribbean Wikipedians

 * This list is a working resource of the Caribbean Wikipedians' notice board. Please discuss major structural changes at Wikipedia talk:Caribbean Wikipedians' notice board before making these changes.

This is a list of Caribbean and honorary Caribbean Wikipedians. Feel free to add your name (and country) to the list. Don't forget to update the number at the bottom of the list! If you want, you can also add your area.

Total: 37
 * 1) Trinbago - Living in Diego Martin, in Trinidad and Tobago.
 * 2) Toussaint - Living in Warner Robins (though moving to Atlanta), in Georgia, United States of America
 * 3) CaribDigita (Barbados / Trinidad and Tobago)
 * 4) Guettarda (Trinidad and Tobago)
 * 5) Slgrandson (Dominica - now living with family in The Bronx)
 * 6) TaranRampersad (Trinidad and Tobago)
 * 7) Phoenix2 (from Trinidad and Tobago living in Western Canada)
 * 8) Tony the Marine (Puerto Rico)
 * 9) Cjrs_79 (Puerto Rico)
 * 10) Gruepig (formerly U.S. Virgin Islands)
 * 11) Coburn_Pharr (Puerto Rico)
 * 12) kewp
 * 13) Thief12 - Born and living in Puerto Rico
 * 14) Vivenot (Saint Lucia) in UK
 * 15) Fledgist Jamaica in US
 * 16) Shanel Trinidad and Tobago in Canada
 * 17) Journalist (Jamaica) (currently living Canada)
 * 18) Alister (Jamaica) (currently living US)
 * 19) Beginning - The Bahamas; 1st-generation American
 * 20) Rkstaylor - (Trinidad and Tobago)
 * 21) Hairouna - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 * 22) Elpaisa1 - Colombia (I'm not sure if i belong here i'm from Medellin,Colombia) If i dont, delete my name i don't mind
 * 23) Budyhead - Jamaica Hello my fellow Caricomites.
 * 24) Mikey242 - The Bahamas living in UK
 * 25) Joelito - Puerto Rico
 * 26) Ishango-Trinidad (I'm also a Tobagonian)
 * 27) Seir Corall - Anguilla (And the only one from there so far!)
 * 28) Rjairam- Trinidad and Tobago (Fyzabad, South Trinidad) currently living in New Jersey.
 * 29) Frances-Anne Solomon - Trinidad and Tobago, currently living in Toronto, Canada.
 * 30) Caribbean1 Born in the UK
 * 31) User:Vgmaster St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands currently living in the U.S.)
 * 32) User:Dark Dragon Flame -From San Juan, Puerto Rico
 * 33) Jsferreira (Trinidad and Tobago)
 * 34) Garratnut87 - (Antigua & Barbuda / Grenada) UK Born.
 * 35) Rasadam - (Diego Martin, Trinidad and Tobago)
 * 36) The Trini Flyer from San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago.
 * 37) User:WayneBu, Barbados-heritage, Canadian-born and raised, Malaysia resident.

title: Wikipedia:List of Caribbean Wikipedians


text:
The Maid of Orleans (opera)

The Maid of Orleans (Орлеанская дева ) is an opera in 4 acts, 6 scenes, by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was composed during 1878–1879 to a Russian libretto by the composer, based on several sources: Friedrich Schiller's The Maid of Orleans as translated by Vasily Zhukovsky; Jules Barbier's Jeanne d'Arc; Auguste Mermet's libretto for his own 1876 opera; and Henri Wallon's biography of Joan of Arc. Dedicated to conductor Eduard Nápravník, this work represents the composer's closest approach to French grand opera, albeit in the Russian language, notably with its inclusion of a ballet in act 2.

Performance history
The world premiere was given on 25 February 1881 (13 February O.S.) at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, conducted by Eduard Nápravník. Notable subsequent performances were given on 28 July 1882 in Prague under Adolf Čech, the first production of any Tchaikovsky opera outside Russia; in 1899 in Moscow by the Private Opera Society, conducted by Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov; and in 1907 in Moscow by the Zimin Opera, conducted by Palitsīn.

Instrumentation
The opera is scored for the following forces:
 * Strings: violins I and II, violas, cellos, double Basses, harp
 * Woodwinds: piccolo, 3 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets (B-flat, A, C), 2 bassoons
 * Brass: 4 horns (F, D, E-flat, E), 2 cornets (B-flat, A), 2 trumpets (E-flat, F, E, D, A), 3 trombones, tuba
 * Percussion: timpani, triangle, tambourine, side drum, bass drum, tam-tam, bell
 * Other: organ

Synopsis

 * Time: Beginning of the 15th century, in the midst of the Hundred Years' War with England
 * Place: France

Act 1

 * Introduction
 * Chorus of Maidens (No. 1)
 * Scena & terzetto (No. 2)
 * Scena (No. 3)
 * Chorus of peasants & scena (No. 4)
 * Scena (No. 5)
 * Hymn "King of the heavenly host" (No. 6)
 * Joan's aria "Farewell, you native hills and fields" (No. 7)
 * Finale (No. 8)
 * Joan's aria & chorus of angels (No. 8a)

In the square in front of the church village girls decorate an oak and sing songs. Peasant Thibaut of Arc is annoyed by their levity at such a terrible time for the fatherland. He is concerned about the fate of his daughter, Joan who is seventeen, and wants her to marry Raymond, to protect her from danger. But Joan feels another calling. An alarm sounds announcing the fall of Paris and the siege of Orleans. In a panic, the citizens pray for salvation; inspired, Joan predicts imminent victory. The girl says goodbye to her birthplace, hearing voices of angels blessing her heroic endeavor.

Act 2

 * Entr'acte (No. 9)
 * Chorus of minstrels (No. 10)
 * Gypsy dance (No. 11a)
 * Dance of the pages & dwarves (No. 11b)
 * Dance of the clowns & tumblers (No. 11c)
 * Scena & duet (No. 12)
 * Agnes's arioso & duettino (No. 13)
 * Scena & Archbishop's narration (No. 14)
 * Joan's narration (No. 15)
 * Finale (No. 16)

In Château de Chinon the king is being entertained forgetting his duty with his beloved Agnès Sorel. Minstrels, pages, gypsies, clowns follow each other. The king is paralyzed by inaction. Neither the appearance of Knight Lauret, mortally wounded in the battle, nor the resignation of courageous Knight Dunois, who leaves to fight with honor ("I'm sorry! Monarch we do not have, I am not your servant any more...") can shake the king's decision to flee. The archbishop suddenly appears; courtiers and people tell the king about the rout of the British, the French victory, and the "glorious Maiden" who inspired the soldiers. Joan tells the astonished audience about the vision she had telling her to lead the fight. A vow of virginity was a condition of that victory. On the orders of king, Joan is put in command of the army.

Act 3
Tableau 1 and Tableau 2

 * Scena & duet (No. 17)
 * March (No. 18)
 * Scena & duettino (No. 19)
 * Finale (No. 20)

Scene 1

Deep in the woods Joan fights Knight Lionel of Burgundy. He is struck, the helmet with a visor falls. Conquered by his beautiful young face, she cannot kill him. Lionel is moved by the generosity of Joan: "Rumor has it that you do not spare enemies, why mercy for me, alone?" She is shocked by her awakened feelings, remembering the vow. Lionel decides to side with the French and offers his sword to Dunois. In the heart of the recent enemy, a love for Joan grows.

Scene 2

The nation celebrates the king and Joan - the victor. Her father, however, believes that all the acts of his daughter are the devil's work and decides to save her soul, even at the cost of her life. When the king declares her savior of the fatherland, ordering an altar to be erected, the father accuses the daughter of dealing with Satan and challenges her to publicly prove her innocence: "Do your believe yourself holy and pure?" Joan does not answer, tormented by her love for Lionel. Dunois attempts to protect the heroine; frightened by a clap of thunder, the citizens, considering it a judgment from heaven, renounce her. Lionel tries to protect her, but Joan drives him away.

Act 4

 * Introduction & scena (No. 21)
 * Duet & scena (No. 22)
 * Final scena (No. 23)

Scene 1

Joan is alone, abandoned in the remote woods. "To a mortal how dare I give the soul promised to the creator?" But when Lionel finds her, she eagerly responds to him. The happy moment is cut short as English soldiers arrive, killing Lionel and capturing Joan.

Scene 2

In the square of Rouen, a pyre is built. Joan is to be executed. The citizens filling the square sympathize with the heroine, and doubts grow about the justice of the impending execution. But Joan is tied to a pole, a fire ignited. Holding a cross, Joan cries out to God, humbly ready to die. She hears voices of angels bearing forgiveness.

Recordings

 * 1946, Boris Khaykin (conductor), Kirov Theatre Orchestra and Chorus, Sofia Preobrazhenskaya (Joan), V. Kilchevskyi (King Charles), N. Konstantinov (Archbishop), O. Kashevarova (Agnes Sorel), V. Runovsky (Dunois), L. Solomiak (Lionel), V. Ulianov (Raymond), I. Yashugin (Thibaut), I. Shashkov (Bertrand), S. Vodsinsky (Soldier), A. Marin (Lore), M. Merzhevskaya (Angel), N. Grishanov (Minstrel)
 * 1971, Gennady Rozhdestvensky (conductor), Moscow Radio Symphony Orchestra and Chorus, Irina Arkhipova (Joan), Vladimir Makhov (King Charles), Klavdiya Radchenko (Agnes Sorel), Vladimir Valaitis (Dunois), Sergey Yavkovchenko (Lionel), Lev Vernigora, (Archbishop), Andrey Sokolov (Raymond), Viktor Selivanov (Bertrand), Vartan Makelian (Soldier), Yevgeny Vladimirov (Thibaut) [HMV ASD 2879-82]
 * 1993, Alexander Lazarev (conductor), Bolshoy Theatre Orchestra and Chorus, Nina Rautio (Joan), Oleg Kulko (King Charles), Mariya Gavrilova (Agnes Sorel), Mikhail Krutikov (Dunois), Vladimir Redkin (Lionel), Gleb Nikolsky (Archbishop), Arkady Mishenkin (Raymond), Maksim Mikhaylov II (Bertrand), Anatoly Babikin (Soldier), Zoya Smolyanikova (Angel), Vyacheslav Pochapsky (Thibaut)

title: The Maid of Orleans (opera)


text:
Universitas

Universitas is a Latin word meaning "the whole, total, the universe, the world", or in Roman law a society or corporation; the latter sense is where the word university is derived from.

Universitas may also refer to:

 * Universitas 21, an international network of research-intensive universities
 * Universitas 21 Global or U21Global, an online graduate school backed by Universitas 21
 * Universitas (newspaper), a weekly student newspaper at the University of Oslo
 * Universitas, Bloemfontein, a suburb of Bloemfontein, South Africa
 * 905 Universitas, an asteroid
 * A student body, first used to describe the University of Bologna in the 11th century
 * Universitas Indonesia railway station, a railway station in Depok, West Java, Indonesia
 * Universitas Pancasila railway station, a railway station in Jakarta, Indonesia
 * UNIVERSITAS, the Scientific Papers Authors and Publishers Society, located in Kraków, Małopolska, Poland

title: Universitas


text:
KSCA (FM)

KSCA (101.9 MHz, "LA Nueva 101.9") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Glendale, California and broadcasting to the Greater Los Angeles area. KSCA is owned by TelevisaUnivision, and it airs a Regional Mexican radio format. The station has studios and offices on Center Drive (near Interstate 405) in West Los Angeles. KSCA's transmitter is on Mount Wilson.

KSCA broadcasts in the HD Radio format. Its HD2 subchannel broadcasts as a simulcast of KIRN Iranian programming known as "Radio Iran". Its HD3 subchannel airs a simulcast of sister station KRCD, a Spanish classic hits format. KSCA is also broadcast on a 90-watt booster station in Santa Clarita, California, KSCA-FM1 at 101.9 FM.

Early years
The station first signed on the air on March 22, 1952 as KUTE, originally programming a "good music" format from studios in downtown Los Angeles and transmitter atop Flint Peak, just west of the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. It was owned by Robert P. Adams, who served as its president and general manager.

In 1972, KUTE was sold to the Progress Radio Network (which changed its name to Tracy Broadcasting one year later) and changed hands again in 1979 to Inner City Broadcasting Corporation, a black-owned radio company based in New York City. It was during this tenure that KUTE shifted to a Disco format under Inner City's first year of ownership.

KUTE - Urban Contemporary and The Quiet Storm
Under Inner City's ownership, KUTE became one of the original stations in the United States to launch a format that would later be called urban contemporary (after shifting away from Disco in 1980), playing the latest R&B, funk and soul music, featuring local DJs such as "Humble Harve", Brian Roberts and "Lucky Pierre." KUTE was also the starting point for many successful radio careers, including veteran program director Rick Thomas, who was hired in 1982 to do weekends on air by then-PD Lucky Pierre. During this time, mornings were hosted by Brian Roberts, afternoon drive by Charlie Fox and evenings with Joe Greene. Weekends also featured Ed Mann, Buster Jones, Scott Lockwood and Strawberry Jan Marie.

At 2:00 a.m. on Sunday mornings, KUTE would host an hour of disco/dance mixes, usually pre-mixed vinyl albums specially created for DJs. KUTE was one of the first radio stations to air a "mega-mix" when the "Michael Jackson Mega-Mix" debuted in the summer of 1983, capitalizing on the success of Jackson's Thriller album earlier in the year. DJ Mario Flores later hosted a disco dance DJ 12" specialty show Sunday mornings from 2:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. featuring 15-minute disco mixes, mixed by well known DJs around the U.S. KUTE was quite successful in this format, and became a template for the Urban Adult Contemporary stations of today.

In late 1983, KUTE changed its format and name to "The Quiet Storm", playing very mellow, soft, contemporary smooth jazz. Just two years later, in August 1985, Gene Autry's Golden West Broadcasters, which owned KMPC (now KSPN), bought KUTE in the range between $10 and $16 million.

KMPC - "Full Spectrum Rock"
Golden West initially maintained the Quiet Storm format, but its ratings plummeted by 50% in 1987, prompting the station to fire its airstaff and prepare for a new direction.

On October 4, 1987, KUTE changed its call sign to KMPC-FM, and flipped to a format dubbed "Full Spectrum Rock", a mixture of classic rock, adult album alternative and progressive rock. Many of the DJs who were let go from the defunct KMET that same year joined KMPC-FM, including Paraquat Kelley, Cynthia Foxx and Jim Ladd. J. J. Jackson, veteran of KLOS throughout the 1970s, and one of the original MTV VJs in the early 1980s, was program director at this time.

The short-lived KEDG - "The Edge"
In March 1989, the call letters were once again changed, this time to KEDG, referred to by listeners as "The Edge." KEDG continued the same rock format as its predecessor until May 12, 1989, when its call letters and format were once again changed.

KLIT - "K-Lite"
On May 12, 1989, the station adopted a soft adult contemporary format, rebranded as "K-Lite", and changed call letters to KLIT.

FM 101.9 - "LA's Finest Rock"
On July 1, 1994, at 5 p.m., KLIT reverted to KMPC's and KEDG's adult album alternative ("AAA") format as "FM 101.9", featuring the Dr. Demento show in the afternoons. Also added to the already eclectic playlist were the then new folk-rock artists that became very popular during the resurgence of that genre in the 1990s, including Jewel, Sarah McLachlan, The Wallflowers, Suzanne Vega, Shawn Colvin and Sheryl Crow (the latter artist's "All I Wanna Do" was the first song played). Upon FCC approval, the call sign switched to KSCA on September 1, 1994. FM 101.9 was known as "Southern California's Album Alternative", which later morphed into "LA's Finest Rock".

Mike Morrison joined as Program Director from WXPN in Philadelphia. Nicole Sandler, formerly with KLOS and The Mark & Brian Show, joined for middays. The station later hired Chuck Moshontz, also from KLOS and paired him with Nicole to do mornings. After the first year, Sandler was promoted to Music Director. Others on the staff included Mimi Chen, Rich Guzmán, Terry Gladstone, Anita Gevinson and Merilee Kelly. The "KSCA Music Hall" (the hallway outside the deejay booth) hosted live performances by dozens of artists, some of whom had their debuts there before going on to superstardom, including the Dave Matthews Band.

The AAA format lasted until midnight on February 5, 1997, when Golden West Broadcasting sold off its last radio property. The last song on "FM 101.9" was "Her Majesty" by The Beatles, which was preceded by a brief monologue from general manager of KSCA, Bill Ward.

Switch to Spanish-language programming
KSCA was bought by the Heftel Broadcasting Corporation in February 1997 for $112.5 million. At 12:01 a.m. on February 5, the station signed off the air for about six hours; around 6:15 that evening, following a 12-hour loop of a laugh track, KSCA became "La Nueva 101.9," switching to a Spanish-language Ranchera music format, aimed at Los Angeles' growing Mexican-American population. At the time, Southern California only had a couple of full power FM stations broadcasting in Spanish; KLVE, airing a Latin Soft AC format, and KLAX-FM, which was also broadcasting Regional Mexican music.

KSCA's morning host, Eddie "Piolín" Sotelo, co-sponsored a large immigration rally in Los Angeles on March 25, 2006, along with other local radio personalities including KLAX's "El Cucuy" Renán Almendaríz. An estimated half-million protesters marched through Downtown Los Angeles. The morning show is now called "El Bueno, La Mala y El Feo" ("The Good, The Bad and The Ugly").

On September 16, 2011, KSCA rebranded as "LA 101.9". On March 1, 2016, the station rebranded again to "Zona MX 101.9". However, KSCA would return to the "LA 101.9" branding. On Sunday February 5th, 2023 The Station Would Rebrand To LA Nueva 101.9, A tribute to the station when it first began in February 5th 1997.

In March 2019, KSCA joined the Uforia Audio Network, one of two networks owned by Univision.

title: KSCA (FM)


text:
Talk:Nox (video game)

Screenshots?
I believe that this article needs screenshots of both the Full Motion Video and gameplay to support the synopsis. It just seems extremely plain, and needs more examples than just the box art. --70.109.67.15 (talk) 14:28, 15 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, I don't have a copy of the game myself anymore, so I cannot take any screenshots myself... But if you could make them, please go ahead and add them to the article, as you said. :) --Koveras ☭ 22:44, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

2005
This article needs work to be more factual and less opinionated. How about some discussion about the actual singleplayer campaign rather than a rant about l33t wiz4rd skillz and lamers? How about something about the game having three very different campaigns based on chosen class, rather than the more linear path in Diablo? Merge with http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nox_Game ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 167.239.207.244 (talk • contribs) 14:40, June 9, 2005

Thanks to whomever did the merge. I went back and rewrote much of the article. I wish I still had my copy of this game, I'll have to dig it out and play it again to get stuff ready for rewrite. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.208.155.223 (talk • contribs) 23:48, June 18, 2005

The last section about multiplayer not being balanced etc, could someone elaborate on what exactly made it unbalanced, and what Westwood's servers didn't have that Battle.net did? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.83.144.249 (talk • contribs) 12:19, July 21, 2005

The statement about the game's character balance is strictly opinionated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Milo'sMissleSilos (talk • contribs) 22:48, September 26, 2005

Additions, Edits, Reformatting, etc
You'll probably notice my numerous changes to what was originally written. Just keeping the info as reliable as I can. Kargoneth 17:28, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the grammer help, Emersoni. I never knew my apostrophe use was so horrid :P Kargoneth 15:36, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

2006
This article is extremely cluttered. There is a great deal of irrelevant information that should be removed (and perhaps given a separate page). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.108.185.93 (talk • contribs) 15:02, February 28, 2006

Could the author of this article please reveal himself/herself on both of the linked nox forums. preferable www.n0x.postcount.com? Also maybe a section on the history of the clans/ladder portion of multiplayer —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.174.180.3 (talk • contribs) 06:43, April 11, 2006

Problemous article
This is growing as a manual/strategy guide!!! I would like to see more information about the game plot and the Nox' world and mythology Pictureuploader 13:38, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

Excuse me but this is already a strategy guide. Anyone that can add information on the production history, the plot or the Nox world? Pictureuploader 13:04, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Nox.jpg
Image:Nox.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 16:21, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Recent edit war
According to WP:SOURCES (an official Wikipedia policy), all information should be supported by a reliable third party source. While the story, character, and gameplay sections are implicitly referenced with the game itself, out-of-universe historical data on the game's development, reception, and legacy has to be sourced with internet links. Likewise, details on the implementation of the game that are not accessible to the player, should be sourced. Lastly, trivia/notes sections should be avoided per WP:TRIVIA. Please explain your rationale below in terms of official Wikipedia policy before putting the unsourced information back into the article. --Koveras ☭ 13:26, 31 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Edit, there exists such thing as reverse engineering, this is what most administrators have been doing for years, and those guys, made a Map editor, server fixes that prevent hacks (changing client side to server side things) and mod suites that allow you to edit most important files. If you want link to those files, then see the and search the forum for mod suite to download it. (it's an attachment)

Although this probably doesn't mean shit to you, I do believe that people who have been reverse engineering nox for 8/10 years are reliable scources. --86.81.80.104...! No idea what time it is, 31 August 2010 (UTC)
 * They aren't. You can see what qualifies as a reliable source here. As it relates here, people who make unofficial patches are not reliable sources, no matter how long they've been at it. Eik Corell (talk) 19:46, 1 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Precisely. The only way to make the information gained through reverse engineering reliable by Wikipedia standards is to let it be published by an established video game website/magazine that has the reputation of double checking the facts. Wikipedia is a tertiary resource: it doesn't check the facts that people submit, it only accepts the facts that its reliable sources have already checked. --Koveras ☭ 20:41, 1 September 2010 (UTC)
 * So even if I'd show a screenshot with all the information on the reverse engineering it wouldn't be reliable? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.81.80.104 (talk) 16:07, 2 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Nope. The sources should be secondary sources per WP:PRIMARY. In other words, independent, reliable sources covering the issue. Eik Corell (talk) 16:57, 2 September 2010 (UTC)
 * So..To prove a game's existance I'd need to for example have 3 sites say the name and show the disk?

So it's basically true that 90% of all articles can just be removed? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.81.80.104 (talk) 20:10, 2 September 2010 (UTC)
 * That's just how Wikipedia works, nothing personal. :) --Koveras ☭ 20:46, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

OK, this isn't getting us anywhere. How about taking it to the Mediation Cabal (if that doesn't work, we can always get official and go to the Mediation Committee)? Actually, I would have requested semi-protection on the page, but that hardly helps with persistent editors who ignore community rules, anyway, like my honored opponent here. --Koveras ☭ 06:14, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

Development history sources
Just posting some links to work into the article later:

Salvaged from the Russian article... --Koveras ☭ 15:17, 19 May 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Nox (video game)


text:
Samsø Municipality

Samsø Municipality (Samsø Kommune) is a municipality (Danish: kommune) in Region of Central Denmark. Samsø municipality covers an area of 115 km2 in the Kattegat sea, between the Danish mainland of Jutland and Zealand and comprises the island of Samsø as well as a number of small surrounding islands. The mayor has since 2014 been Marcel Meijer, a member of the Social Democrats (Danish: Socialdemokraterne) political party. The seat of the municipal council is the town of Tranebjerg.

Ferry services connect the town of Sælvig to the town of Hov in Odder Municipality as well as Aarhus, and the town of Ballen connects to the city of Kalundborg on Zealand. To the east is the strait of Samsø Bælt, separating Samsø from Zealand.

Samsø Municipality was not merged with any adjacent municipality under the municipal reform of 2007, as it agreed to enter into a "municipal cooperation agreement" with Aarhus Municipality and limited cooperation with Odder Municipality.

The municipality is part of Business Region Aarhus and of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016.

History
Samsø was a historically important location in the Viking Age, due to its central location in Kattegat. The Kanhave canal was constructed in the 720s to allow for easy and quick access across the sea. Five castles were built on the island in the Middle Ages, where the island was under ownership of the king. The island was in 1676 gifted to Sophie Amalie Moth, who became countess of the island.

Denmark has historically been divided into syssels in the Middle Ages. Samsø was a hundred in Åbosyssel. With the dissolving of the syssels, Samsø came under Kalundborg Fief. The fief was later changed to a county, and Samsø was between 1660 and 1670 part of Kalundborg County. Kalundborg County was merged into Holbæk County in 1793.

Samsø never had any market towns (Danish: Købstader), but was granted special privileges as islanders. Among those privileges were the permission to ship out their own products, which was usually reserved for market towns. The naval importance of Samsø became significant through the 1600s, but the Great Northern War in 1709-1720 halved the ships on the island. Several fortifications and scones were constructed on Samsø and the surrounding islands, which increased its military importance. The English Wars resulted in another halving of Samsø's ship, and another big hit to the island's economy and maritime significance.

In 1962 there were five parish municipalities in Samsø Hundred: Besser, Kolby, Nordby, Onsbjerg and Tranebjerg. They were, in 1962, merged to form Samsø Municipality. In 1970 Samsø Municipality was moved from Holbæk County to Århus County. In the municipal reform of 2007 Samsø was not merged with any other municipality.

Historical divisions
The table below shows the historical municipal subdivisions of Samsø Municipality.

Towns
Below are all settlements in the municipality with populations of at least 200 people (populations as of 2020).

Tranebjerg
Tranebjerg is located centrally on the southern part of the island. Tranebjerg Bog and the river Sørenden borders the town to the north. The south-eastern neighborhood of the town is called Frederiksberg. The rest of the town is surrounded by fields.

Tranebjerg is the administrative center of the municipality, and home to the municipality's town hall. Tranebjerg Church and Samsø Museum. South of the church is Samsø Library and the municipality's town hall. In the center of the town, slightly south of the town hall, is Samsø Hospital. Also in the center of the town is a football field known as Tranebjerg Stadion, used by the local football teams. Along the road of Langgade, where the football field is also located, are several shops, restaurants and cafés. A pharmacy and tourist center is located in this area. Frederiksberg, the southern part of the town, as well as the eastern part of the town are mainly residential areas. There is a small industrial area in the north-eastern part of the town.

In 2008 ruins from a church from the 1100s was found in Tranebjerg. This indicated the presence of a castle known as Brattingsborg Castle (Danish: Gammel Brattingsborg), which was burnt down by Stig Andersen Hvide in 1289.

Villages
Nordby is the northernmost settlement on the island, and is the location of several restaurants and hotel, as well as the largest natural maze in the world, Samsø Labyrinten.

There are marinas in Ballen, Langør and Mårup Havn, and all three marinas are popular tourist destinations. Ballen is also home to many hotels and restaurants.

Samsø Højskole was located in the village of Kolby between 1984 and 2012. The school today acts as a hotel.

The ferry harbour to Kalundborg is located in Ballen, on the south-eastern part of the island. The ferry harbour to Hov and Aarhus is located in Sælvig, also on the western side of the island, but further north.

Permelille is a village located south of Tranebjerg. A jam and pickled food factory - Samsø Syltefabrik - is located here. The factory building is from 1887 and is originally a dairy factory, which later became an company that sold eggs and asparagus. The asparagus was pickled, and the picked food factory was established in 1974. Falcon Center Samsø (Danish: Falkecenter Samsø) is located north of Permelille.

Stavns is a village located south of the Kanhave Canal, on the thin neck of the island. South of Stavns is the Samsø Airport (Danish: Samsø Flyveplads).

In addition to these villages, there are a number of smaller settlements in the municipality. These are all the settlements with populations of less than 200 people:

Nature
Most of Samsø is used for agriculture, but the island is also home to several important Danish nature areas.

Sælvig Bay was protected in the 1930s. 14 acres of hills known as Rævebakkerne north of Sælvig was protected in 1989. The hills are home to the endangered astragalus danicus bean plant.

Dyret, formerly Odinsbjerg, is a hill located south of Onsbjerg. It is 51 meters tall and the highest point on the southern part of the island. The hill was protected in 1919. During the Second World War the Germans used the hill for surveillance of the surrounding waters.

Brattingsborg Castle owns a 2,030 acre forest known as Brattingsborg Forest on the southernmost part of the island. The forest is open to the public.

Nordby Heath
Nordby Heath (Danish: Nordby Hede) is a 6 km2 large heath, largely covered in erica. It was protected, along with Stavns Fjord, in 1981. Up to a quarter of the heath is covered in the invasive moss campylopus introflexus, which suffocates the native erica. Other invasive species threatening the heath are rosa rugosa and Pinus mugo. Cattle has been grazing on the heath since 1998.

Nordby Hills
Nordby Hills (Danish: Nordby Bakker) cover most of the western and northern coasts of the northern part of the island. The highest point of the municipality is Ballebjerg (64 m) and is located among these hills. A watchtower was built on top of Ballebjerg in 1920, giving a view over the coast and the hills. 480 acres in total are protected, spanning from Issehoved, the northernmost point of the island, to Ballebjerg. Four isolated parts of the hills are also protected: Staderenden, Svinekilderne, Møgelskår and Asmindør Hage. The protection of the hills was done in stages, with Møgelskår being protected first in 1936. Issehoved was protected in 1949, and further areas were protected in 1963, 1967 and 1980.

Espedal, a valley in Møgelskår, is home to unusual Danish livestock, namely gute sheep and highland cattle. The European green toad can be found in Nordby Hills, which makes it the northernmost habitat for the frog in Europe. The sand lizard thrive in the hills, though the lizard is threatened in Denmark. Rare Danish plants in the hills include anacamptis morio, potentilla neumanniana and medicago minima.

Stavns Fjord
Stavns Fjord is a fjord at central Samsø. It covers an area of around 20 km2, and is surrounded by Samsø, with an opening between Lilleøre and the 5 km long isthmus Besser Rev to the north. The fjord is shallow, with a nearly circular shape and a number of uninhabited islands. Some islands have a history with livestock or fortifications. The Kanhave Canal cuts into the fjord in the west, on the narrowest section of the island, though water does not run through the canal. The entirety of Stavns Fjord is protected, with around 1500 acres total having been protected since 1981, though the area has been a nature reserve since 1926 before that.

There is a harbour and marina in Langør to the north, and a much smaller harbour just outside Stavns. The harbours are for sports and recreational activities.

The fjord is one of the biggest breeding grounds for the common eider in Denmark. Many types of ducks, seaducks and seabirds also breed here, including one of the largest cormorant colonies in Denmark. The yellow meadow ant is common on the beaches along the fjord, where swans and waders also breed. The fjord is also home to porpoises, harbor seals and grey seals.

The islands of Stavns Fjord are: Bosserne, Brokold, Eskeholm, Hjortholm, Hundsholm, Karlskold, Kolderne, Kyholm, Lindholm, Mejlesholm, Sværm, Vejrø, Yderste Holm, Ægholm and Ørhage. The strait between Yderste Holm and Kolderne is known as Rensegab.

Hjortholm
Hjortholm is the largest island in Stavns Fjord itself, spanning 51 acres. The island's name translates to 'island with deers' and dates back from the 1200s. There are two hills on the island, with the southern hill having been the planned site for a fortification in the Middle Ages. The construction of the fortification was started but never finished. The ruins of a building from the renaissance is located on the island, and this was likely the home of the island's caretaker. The island was around that time used for breeding horses. Hjortholm is owned by Brattingsborg Manor.

Vejrø
Vejrø is located 7 km north-east of Samsø, and is the largest of the four island laying outside Stavns Fjord itself, but still being considered part of the fjord. It spans 55 acres. It is home to mouflon sheep and rabbits. The island is owned by Brattingsborg Manor.

Kyholm
Kyholm is located just outside of Stavns Fjord itself, north of Besser Rev. It spans 30 acres. The name translates to 'cow island', and has historically been used for cattle grazing. Between 1709 and 1711 Kyholm was a quarantine station during the plague epidemic. A plague house was constructed, and merchant ships had to dock at Kyholm in 40 days to prevent infection with the islanders. During the English Wars between 1801 and 1815, a series of sconces were built and a garrison set up on the island. A quarantine station was established again between 1831 and 1859, this time to prevent cholera. A hospital and a cemetery was built. Ships wanting to go to Danish harbours had to visit Kyholm first. This stopped in 1857 and in 1859 the quarantine station was shut down and the buildings torn down. The cemetery remains on the island, and many tomb stones are still visible. The island is today under the same protection as the other islands in and around Stavns Fjord. Brattingsborg Manor owns the island.

Politics
Samsø Municipality was not merged with any adjacent municipality under the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, instead requiring a special cooperation agreement with Aarhus and Odder Municipality.

On the table below is an overview of all elections held in Denmark since the 2007 Municipal Reform. The percentages in the table are the local results from Samsø Municipality. The party with the most votes received is shaded in their respective color. Venstre has historically been the largest party in the municipality, but has only managed to become the largest party once since 2013. This was in the 2019 European Parliament election, where Morten Løkkegaard was Venstre's lead candidate. In all other elections since 2015, the Social Democrats have been the largest party in the municipality. The Conservative People's Party was the largest party in the regional elections in 2009 and 2013, where Conservative candidate Per Urban Olsen ran. Olsen was a local candidate from Sælvig, and received the most votes of any candidate in Samsø Municipality, receiving 1,306 of the 1,353 votes cast for Conservative candidates in 2009 election. In the 2014 European Parliament election the largest party in the municipality became the Danish People's Party. This was the case in most of the country, and the first time in Denmark's history that the party had been the largest party in a nationwide election. In the 2021 regional elections, the largest party in the municipality was the Social People's Party. A third of the voters in the municipality voted for the Socialist People's Party's candidate Ulla Holm. Holm was a local candidate from Samsø, and received 881 of the 937 votes cast for her party in the municipality.

Municipal council
Samsø's municipal council consists of 11 members, elected every four years. The municipal council has four political committees.

Below are the municipal council elected since the municipality's creation in 1970.

Mayors
Since the 1970 Danish Municipal Reform, the mayors of Samsø Municipality have been:

Economy
The largest industries on Samsø are education, healthcare, retail and agriculture.

Samsø is well known in Denmark for their early potato harvests and focus on ecology. 15% of the Danish onion harvest comes from Samsø. Other goods produced on Samsø include red cabbage and pumpkin.

Companies with their headquarters in Samsø Municipality include Brdr. Kjeldahl, a large agricultural company responsible for much of the harvest on Samsø. The company was established in 1988, with focus on potatoes and onions. Today the company has several departments and grow many different vegetables and fruits. Samsø Syltefabrik, a pickled food factory outside Permelille, is also located in the municipality. There is also a brewery and a berry company.

Energy
100% of Samsø Municipality's electricity is provided by windmills and 70% of heat comes from renewable energy. The municipality has a goal of no longer using fossil fuels by 2030. Samsø's windmills provide more electricity than the municipality need, and has since 1997 been named 'Denmark renewable energy island'. In 2000 it was also granted the same title by the European Union and in 2002 won the European Solar Prize. There are ten windmills in the ocean south of Samsø and a large solar cell facility outside Nordby. 90% of the cars on Samsø are electric cars.

Demographics
There are 3,657 people living in Samsø Municipality (2020). 49.58% are men and 50.42% are women.

Below is the age distribution of the municipality.

Education
There is 1 ground school, 1 efterskole and 2 independent schools in the municipality. There are also 2 libraries: one in Tranebjerg and one in Nordby.

Sights
Samsø's central position in Denmark has made it a historically important position, and this is shown through the castles, sconces and fortifications found on the island. The island is also a popular tourist destination, and has many facilities and attractions with tourism in mind.

 * Kolby Windmill (Danish: Kolby Mølle) is a Dutch-style windmill built in 1859 by Niels Olsen in Hammel. It came to Samsø in 1899 and was used as a flour mill until 1947.
 * Brundby Post Mill (Danish: Brundby Stubmølle) is a post mill located north of Brundby. In the 1600s the mill was located on Endelave, but was sold to Samsø in 1683 and set up on the hill of Dansebjerg south of Brundby. It was moved in 1817 to its current location. It was in use until 1939. It is one of 16 remaining post mills in Denmark.
 * The Samsø Maze (Danish: Samsø Labyrinten) is the largest natural maze in the world. It covers 60,000 m2 and its paths cover 5,130 m. It was designed by Erik and Karen Paulsen in 1999. It was first opened to the public on 6 May 2000.

 * Samsø Museum is a museum located in Tranebjerg. It is located in a former diary factory from 1911, and tells of the history of Samsø. An old farmhouse is associated with the museum. The farmhouse was built in 1917 and is decorated with furniture and items from the 1600s, 1700s and 1800s.
 * Vesborg Lighthouse (Danish: Vesborg Fyr) is a lighthouse located on the south-western tip of Samsø. In the Middle Ages, a castle was located where Vesborg Lighthouse is located. This castle was known as Valdemar Atterdag's Castle. An exhibition about the castle and the surrounding fortifications is found in one of the lighthouse's adjacent buildings. The lighthouse was built in 1858.
 * Fredensdal is a museum located in Fogedmark. It portrays the life in the 1930s, and acts as a working farm, with animals in the barns. Everything stands as in the 1930s, with only minor changes such as the installation of electric lights.
 * Falcon Center Samsø (Danish: Falkecenter Samsø) is a small zoo and learning center with eagles, falcons and owls. It was established in 2009 by falconer Louise Vedel. The center hold shows with the birds and also provide educational programs for schools.

Castles and Manors
There are two manors in the municipality: Brattingsborg and Bisgaard.

Bisgaard has existed since the Reformation. Before 1536 the manor was owned by the Diocese of Aarhus. In 1536 it went to the crown, and was used as residence for local priests. Countess Sophie Amalie Moth bought Bisgaard in 1688. The estate replacement law of 1919 forced Bisgaard to release half of its territory. It remained under the Danneskiold-Samsøe noble family until 1921. The manor is today owned by Brattingsborg.

Brattingsborg

Brattingsborg is first known from 1216, where the name of the manor was Søllemarksgaard. It was owned by the crown, but was pawned off several times due to its central location in Denmark. After the Dano-Swedish War ended in 1660, Denmark was forced to hand over several manors in Scania to Sweden. Among those were manors owned by Joachim Gersdorff, who as replacement was given Brattingsborg by the crown. After his death in 1661, the manor went to his daughter, Magdalene Sybille Gersdorff, whose husband sold the manor to Peder Schumacher Griffenfeld in 1674. Griffenfeld renamed the manor from Søllemarksgaard to the present name of Brattingsborg. When he was accused of treason in 1676, all of his possessions were handed over the crow, this including Brattingsborg. When Christian V gave the island of Samsø to Sophie Amalie Moth in 1676, Brattingsborg was included. Brattingsborg was the main seat of the new Danneskiold-Samsøe noble family from 1676 to 1921.

The main building of the manor was built between 1870 and 1898 by Knud Christian Borring and Martin Borch. The buildings of Brattingsborg were protected in 2013.

Brattingsborg owns 2,367 acres, including the territory of Bisgaard and the farms of Hjalmersgård and Sannholm. This amounts to around a quarter of the land on Samsø, and also includes Vesborg Lighthouse and the harbour in Kolby Kås. The islands of Kyholm, Lindholm, Vejrø, Bosserne, Hjortholm, Mejlesholm, Yderste Holm and Karlskold are all also owned by Brattingsborg. 1,100 acres of Brattingsborg's territory is used for agriculture and 700 acres are forests.

Churches
See List of churches in Samsø Municipality

Events
Samsø is home to the yearly Samsø Festival, a music festival held in week 29 in Strandskoven. The first festival took place in 1990.

A food festival for ingredients is also hosted yearly on the island. Samsø Råvarefestival takes place in Tranebjerg and hosts many of the local food and drink companies. There is also a dinner, booths for local artisans and live music.

Sport
In Tranebjerg is SamBiosen, which is a leisure and sports center. The center is an independent organization, and also rents out rooms for conferences and sports events. The center has facilities for numerous sports, including badminton, basketball, table tennis, bridge, dart, fitness, association football, golf, gymnastics, dance, dog sports, handball, shooting, scouting, skateboarding, swimming, taekwondo, tennis, and volleyball. The many facilities allows the center to host competitions and sports events all year.

Langør is a harbour located near the Kanhave Canal, south of Nordby. The harbour is a regular spot for kayaking and rowing. The municipality also has a golf course, which is used on the Ø-Golf (lit. Island Golf) tournament, which is a tournament taking place on five Danish islands: Fanø, Langeland, Læsø, Samsø and Ærø. The municipality hosts a yearly marathon, Samsø Marathon. The marathon had 267 participants in 2021.

Parish
There is 1 parish in Samsø Municipality that encompass the entire island. Shown in the table below is the population of the parish, as well as the percentage of that population that are members of the Church of Denmark. All numbers are from 1 January 2020.

Until 2014 there were five parishes in the Municipality: Nordby, Onsbjerg, Besser, Kolby and Tranebjerg. They were merged in 2014 to form the current parish.

Symbols

The coat of arms of Samsø Municipality features two oars on blue background. The illustration represents the island's maritime history and culture. A similar coat of arms was used by Samsø Hundred, and is known to be used from 1584. The current version of the coat of arms was first used in 1970.

Notable residents

 * Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve (1678 on Brattingsborg — 1719), Count of Samsø
 * Carl Frederik Sørensen (1818 in Besser — 1879), artist of marine paintings
 * Lotte Glob (born 1944), ceramic artist
 * Anni Bisso (born 1969 in Tranebjerg), sport shooter

title: Samsø Municipality