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Great tinamou

The great tinamou (Tinamus major) is a species of tinamou ground bird native to Central and South America. There are several subspecies, mostly differentiated by their coloration.

Taxonomy
The great tinamou was described and illustrated in 1648 by the German naturalist Georg Marcgrave in his Historia Naturalis Brasiliae. Marcgrave used the name Macucagua. The French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon described and illustrated the great tinamou in 1778 in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux from specimens collected in Cayenne, French Guiana. He simplified Marcgrave's name to Magoua. When in 1788 the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin revised and expanded Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae, he included the great tinamou and placed it with all the grouse like birds in the genus Tetrao. He coined the binomial name Tetrao major and cited the earlier authors. The great tinamou is now placed with four other species in the genus Tinamus that was introduced in 1783 by the French naturalist Johann Hermann. Hermann based his name on "Les Tinamous" used by Buffon. The word "Tinamú" in the Carib language of French Guiana was used for the tinamous.

All tinamous are from the family Tinamidae, and are the closest living relatives of the ratites. Unlike ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds.

Twelve subspecies are recognised:
 * T. m. robustus Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1868 – southeast Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras
 * T. m. percautus Van Tyne, 1935 – south Mexico, north Guatemala and Belize
 * T. m. fuscipennis Salvadori, 1895 – north Nicaragua to west Panama
 * T. m. brunneiventris Aldrich, 1937 – south-central Panama
 * T. m. castaneiceps Salvadori, 1895 – southwest Costa Rica and west Panama
 * T. m. saturatus Griscom, 1929 – east Panama and northwest Colombia
 * T. m. zuliensis Osgood & Conover, 1922 – northeast Colombia and north Venezuela
 * T. m. latifrons Salvadori, 1895 – southwest Colombia and west Ecuador
 * T. m. major (Gmelin, JF, 1789) – east Venezuela to northeast Brazil
 * T. m. serratus (Spix, 1825) – northwest Brazil
 * T. m. olivascens Conover, 1937 – Amazonian Brazil
 * T. m. peruvianus Bonaparte, 1856 – southeast Colombia to Bolivia and west Brazil

Description
The great tinamou is a large species of tinamou, measuring in total length at approximately 38 to 46 cm, with a mean of 44 cm, and weighing from 700 to 1142 g in males, with a mean of 960 g, and from 945 to 1249 g in females, with a mean of 1097 g. Despite its name and large size and shape, which may be suggestive of a large pheasant or a small turkey, it is not necessarily the largest species of tinamou, as it is rivaled or exceeded by other species in the Tinamus. It ranges from light to dark olive-green in color with a whitish throat and belly,  flanks barred black, and undertail cinnamon. Crown and neck rufous, occipital crest and supercilium blackish. Its legs are blue-grey in color. All these features enable great tinamou to be well-camouflaged in the rainforest understory.

The great tinamou has a distinctive call, three short, tremulous but powerful piping notes which can be heard in its rainforest habitat in the early evenings.

The great tinamous has the highest percentage of skeletal muscle devoted to locomotion among all birds, with 56.9% of its total body weight (43.74% of its body weight is skeletal muscle devoted to flight), at the same time, its heart is the smallest of all birds, in relative comparison (0.19%).

Habitat
Great tinamou lives in subtropical and tropical forest such as rainforest, lowland evergreen forest, river-edge forest, swamp forest and cloud forest at altitudes from 300 to(-). Unlike some other tinamous, the great tinamou isn't as affected by forest fragmentation. Its nest can be found at the base of a tree.

Breeding
The great tinamou is a polygynandrous species, and one that features exclusive male parental care. A female will mate with a male and lay an average of four eggs which he then incubates until hatching. He cares for the chicks for approximately 3 weeks before moving on to find another female. Meanwhile, the female has left clutches of eggs with other males. She may start nests with five or six males during each breeding season, leaving all parental care to the males. The breeding season is long, lasting from mid-winter to late summer. The eggs are large, shiny, and bright blue or violet in color, and the nests are usually rudimentary scrapings in the buttress roots of trees.

Except during mating, when a pair stay together until the eggs are laid, great tinamous are solitary and roam the dark understory alone, seeking seeds, fruit, and small animals such as insects, spiders, frogs and small lizards in the leaf litter. They are especially fond of Lauraceae, annonaceae, myrtaceae, sapotaceae.

Conservation
This species is widespread throughout its large range (6600000 km2), and it is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. They are hunted with no major effect on their population.

title: Great tinamou


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Mad Maestro!

Mad Maestro!, known in Japan as Bravo Music (ブラボーミュージック), is a classical music rhythm game for the PlayStation 2 (PS2). It was developed by Desert Productions and released in Japan by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCEI) and abroad by Eidos Interactive under their "Fresh Games" label on October 11, 2001 in Japan, then later in March 2002 for North America and Europe. Playing as the orchestra conductor Takt, the player must play the song by pressing the button according to the correct pressure on the screen. The game utilizes a soundtrack composed of entirely classical music by famous composers such as Beethoven, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky. The game's original title was Shake It Bravoes! (シェイク イット ブラボーズ!).

Despite mixed critical reception in the west, the game was sold well and received positive reviews in its native Japan. This led to three Japan-only follow-ups with two "expansions", Bravo Music: Christmas Edition in 2001, and Bravo Music: Chou-Meikyokuban in 2002, and alongside them, a proper sequel called Let's Bravo Music also in 2002.

Gameplay
Typically rhythm games rely on timed input according to on-screen cues and tempo. Mad Maestro features this style of gameplay, with the additional layer of pressure sensitivity. Utilizing the pressure sensitivity with the DualShock 2, the player must conduct an orchestra by tapping correlating buttons with varying degrees of pressure. There are three levels of pressure; light, medium and hard. By playing good and increasing their score, the player can reach Bravo Mode, which is required to beat the stage. By playing 3 or more notes bad however, the player is forced into Devil Mode, where their score will fall until they play a correct cycle perfectly. The Japanese release featured an optional Baton peripheral.

Story
In Bravo Town, a young composer named Takt is the leader of an orchestral group known as the Bravo Youth Orchestra, and they perform at the town's Concert Hall. To modernize the town however, Bravo Town announces that they will tear down the hall. Prior to the date however, a fairy and overall guardian to the hall named Symphony awakens. She flies over to Takt's house, who tells him that the concert hall was around for a very long time, and that if it does get demolished, music could lose their power. So, she recognizes Takt's musical power and they decide to recruit various Bravo Town citizens to convince the town to keep the Concert Hall.

After recruiting a couple, a clown and her lion partner, a fashion designer and a model, a reporter and some aliens, as well as a young flute prodigy and a long-forgotten-about composer, the new Bravo Youth Orchestra compose at the hall, which convinces the town to keep the hall as everyone returns to their life, and Symphony goes back to becoming the guardian of the Concert Hall.

Characters

 * Takt (タクト): A young orchestra composer, and the main composer for the "Bravoes", an orchestra group created by himself. He is visited by the magical fairy Symphony while looking at new songs, who tells him about the demolition of the town's Concert Hall, and how him and his orchestra can save it with Takt's musical powers. Takt is also willing to help out other people with their problems with his powers, often whistling to get their attention.
 * Symphony (シンフォニー): A magical fairy that was originally stone, but is awakened in the Concert Hall. She immediately goes to Takt to tell him about the demolition of the Concert Hall, and convinces him to save it. Before a stage, she tells what's the situation so that Takt can fix it. At the end of the game, she reverts to the stone statue, with Takt looking at her before leaving. She later appears in Let's Bravo Music, where she and Takt plan to restore the pages of the Legendary Opuses so she doesn't disappear alongside the power of music.
 * Darlin (ダーリン): A fashionable man who is Hannie's boyfriend. At the beginning of his stage, he and Hannie were supposed to meet for a date at the Bravo Town Park, but was extremely late, causing Hannie to get mad. Before the two could fight, Takt came and stopped them, using his musical powers to make them dance to Johannes Brahms' "Hungarian Dance No. 6". He is also one of five starting people Takt helped out to join him and help save the Concert Hall. In stage 7, he is trying to convince Hannie to join Takt, but fails, until some of the Bravoes help convince her to play along with the song that was currently playing. At the Final Concert, he plays the cello along with Hannie, and marries her during the credits scene. Darlin's name is based on the surname Darling, and he speaks in a stereotypical Italian accent.
 * Hannie (ハニー): A blonde woman who is Darlin's girlfriend. She seems to have a very bad temper, as she gets mad at Darlin for being late to their date in stage 1. Later, while Darlin tells his friends that she began to play the cello, she is not convinced to join Takt and the Bravoes in stage 7, where Takt performs March from the Nutcracker by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky while Darlin tries to convince her as well. However, she soon warms up to Takt after stage 7, as she also helps Takt find someone to join them. She is friends with Nikki Domino. In the end, she marries Darlin.
 * Antonio (アントニオ): A reporter for BNN. In his stage, he and his crew are chasing after a UFO that has been spotted. As aliens come out of the UFO, Antonio waves to them, however the aliens begin to attack the area. As Antonio's crew flees, Takt comes to help Antonio and calm the aliens, playing Ride of the Valkyries from The Valkyrie by Richard Wagner. He also helps Takt to convince the aliens to join his orchestra during stage 10. During the final concert, Antonio plays the trumpet. Antonio later appears in Bravo Music: Chou-Meikyokuban, reporting that the aliens are coming from Mars to Earth to listen to the Bravoes. He pleads Takt and the Bravoes to use their music to make sure the aliens don't invade Earth. He also helps out along with Takt to come up with compositions for the concert for the aliens. Along with the aliens, Takt, and Symphony, Antonio is the only character to appear in another Bravo Music game outside of the original.
 * Jean-Paul Neostyle (ジャン・ポール ネオスタイル): A fashion designer, mainly known for designing the clothes Nikki Domino wears. In the cutscene of his stage, Nikki yells at him constantly before a fashion show, turning him into a nervous mess. Before he could freak out completely, Takt comes in to help both Nikki and Jean with the fashion show, playing "Finale from Carnival of the Animals" by Camille Saint-Saëns. He is also one of the 5 starting people to join Takt and help save the Concert Hall. He seems to even have a fear of Nikki, as he responded to Hannie with fear in his voice when she had said when she knew a top model who could help Takt. During the final concert, he plays the violin.
 * Nikki Domino (ニッキ・ドミノ): A very popular supermodel. Just like Hannie, Nikki has a bad temper (Symphony even lampshades this), as she's often yelling at Jean at the designs of the outfits she has to wear. After Hannie's stage, she tells Takt that she knows Nikki, and she might be able to help. After convincing her during another fashion show by playing 40th Symphony K550/1st Movement by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, she admits that she doesn't know much about music, but she loves hard work, so she agrees to join Takt's orchestra. During the final concert, she plays the piano. During the ending, she is seen with Jean viewing another outfit, only to end with her yelling at him. She also attends Darlin and Hannie's wedding alongside the rest of the cast.
 * Lunar (ルナ): A popular clown at the rundown circus. In her stage, she and her partner, Lionel Heart, are getting ready for a performance, however barely anyone comes to it. As her circus performer looks around in shock, Takt comes to help, playing Slavic Dance No. 7 by Antonín Dvořák as she performs. She is also one of the 5 starting people to help Takt, and plays the violin during the final concert. During the ending, she is seen with Lionel, happy that the circus has once again become popular.
 * Lionel Heart (ライオネル): A popular lion that performs in the circus along with Lunar, however according to Symphony, he is simply a man in a costume. Takt and the Bravoes help him out during his performance in the circus, playing Marche Militarie by Franz Schubert as he performs on a unicycle and then a motorcycle. After his stage, he comments that if Lunar was helping out, then he'll help too. During the final concert, Lionel plays the drums.
 * Adonis (アドニス): A young blue-haired boy who plays the flute. At the beginning of his stage, he is playing the flute peacefully before a raging storm interrupts him. As he watches birds fleeing, Takt comes along to help him from the storm, playing Scene from Swan Lake by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. He is the last of the 5 starting people to help Takt. During the ending, he is seen playing his flute at sunset near the castle in his stage.
 * The Aliens (宇宙人): A group of aliens who attack during Antonio's stage, however with Takt's musical powers, they were able to calm down. They appear in a later stage, where Antonio recommends recruiting them for the concert. Here, Takt performs Baba Yaga'a Hut from Pictures at an Exhibition by Modest Mussorgsky. After their stage, Nikki is uncertain if Takt really wants to include the Martians in the orchestra, as it cuts to Lunar and Lionel bumping the Alien's heads together. During the final concert, the Aliens named Sho (ショー), Ron (ロン), and Poe (ポー) play the Marimba. The Alien race later appears in Bravo Music: Chou-Meikyokuban, as they plan to come to Earth in 5 days due to them wanting to hear Takt's music again.
 * Etoile (エトワール): A fisherman who Symphony tells about after Adonis mentions he doesn't have any powerful friends. Takt finds Etoile down by the lake fishing and plays Dance of the Four Swans from Swan Lake by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. After his stage is completed, Jean-Paul Neostyle realizes he is Etoile, who was once a famous conductor. Much like Takt, he is silent, as he doesn't respond with words. When Symphony asks if he can play an instrument, he whips out a triangle and smiles, said triangle being his instrument for the final concert. Etoile's stage is the final stage before the final concert.

Music list
The list of pieces of music in the order they appear on the game.

1. Hungarian Dance No. 6 in D Major - Johannes Brahms

2. Hungarian Dance No. 5 in G Minor - Johannes Brahms

3. Slavonic Dance No. 7 - Antonín Dvořák

4. Thunder and Lightning Polka - Johann Strauss Jr.

5. Finale from Carnival of the Animals - Camille Saint-Saëns

6. The Marriage of Figaro - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

7. Scene from Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

8. Toreador March from Carmen - Georges Bizet

9. Ride of the Valkyries from The Valkyrie - Richard Wagner

10. Night on Bald Mountain - Modest Mussorgsky

11. Marche Militaire - Franz Schubert

12. Entry of the Gladiators - Julius Fucik

13. March from the Nutcracker - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

14. Trepak from the Nutcracker - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

15. 40th Symphony in G Minor K550-1st movement - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

16. Orpheus in the Underworld Overture - Jacques Offenbach

17. Baba Yaga's Hut from Pictures at an Exhibition - Modest Mussorgsky

18. 9th Symphony in D Minor-Ode to Joy - Ludwig van Beethoven

19. Dance of the Four Swans from Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

20. Morning Mood from Peer Gynt - Edvard Grieg

21. William Tell Overture - Gioachino Rossini

22. Rakoczi March - Hector Berlioz

23. 5th Symphony in C Minor-1st Movement - Ludwig van Beethoven

24. Radetsky March - Johann Strauss Sr.

25. Csikos Post - Hermann Necke

26. Toy Symphony - Leopold Mozart

27. Eine Kleine Nachtmusik - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

28. Dance of the Reed Flutes from the Nutcracker - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

29. Algerian Suite from French Military March Music - Camille Saint-Saëns

30. Flight of the Bumblebee - Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

31. Ballet of the Unhatched Chicks from Pictures at an Exhibition - Modest Mussorgsky

32. Divertimento No. 1 in E flat major K113 - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

33. Farandole from L'Arlesienne Suite No. 2 - Georges Bizet

34. In the Hall of the Mountain King from Peer Gynt - Edvard Grieg

Reception and legacy
The game received "mixed or average" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. The use of pressure sensitivity in addition to standard rhythm game play mechanics was considered by some to be overcomplicated. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 30 out of 40.

According to Dengeki Online, the Japanese edition of Mad Maestro was the 195th best-selling video game of 2001 at 54,794 copies. Mad Maestro! was followed by three Japan-exclusive sequels, all for the PS2: Bravo Music Christmas Edition (ブラボーミュージック Christmas Edition) on November 22, 2001; Bravo Music: Chou-Meikyokuban (ブラボーミュージック 超名曲盤) on January 17, 2002; and Let's Bravo Music (Let’s ブラボーミュージック) on December 12, 2002.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mad Maestro!


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Hot milk cake

Hot milk cake is a butter sponge cake from American cuisine. It can be made as a sheet cake or a layer cake, or baked in a tube pan. The hot milk and butter give the cake a distinctive fine-grained texture, similar to pound cake.

Hot milk cake gets its distinctive flavor from the scalded milk that is the liquid component of the batter. It differs from traditional sponge cakes, such as angel food cake or genoise, in that it contains baking powder as leavening instead of just egg whites, so it can be made with butter like a Victoria sponge. The eggs are beaten together whole instead of whipped as yolks and whites separately.

Preparation
Eggs are creamed with sugar, then flour is added. The milk is heated with butter until the butter has melted. This hot milk–butter mixture is poured into the batter all at once, and the batter is mixed until it cools. The heat begins cooking the eggs while the cake it being mixed.

Baking powder is added at the last stage before the cake is baked. This method gives the cake a fine-grained texture that is more similar to pound cake than traditional egg-leavened sponge cakes.

The milk in the cake can be reconstituted from powdered milk. Making it requires less effort and skill than a chiffon cake.

History
A simple recipe from 1911 is made with sugar, eggs, flour, salt, baking powder and hot milk, with optional ingredients of chocolate, nuts or coconut. Compared to a typical butter cake, a hot milk cake uses fewer expensive ingredients, so it became popular during the Great Depression and among people coping with the restrictions of rationing during World War II.

A recipe from Ruth Ellen Church, a former food editor for the Chicago Tribune (who sometimes wrote under the pen name Mary Meade) was published in 1955. It has mocha-flavored icing, and is moist and delicate.

Hot milk cake has been served every year since 1991 at the Anne Arundel County Historical Society's annual Strawberry Festival at Thurgood Marshall International Airport.

title: Hot milk cake


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title: Category:204 deaths


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Anabel

Anabel is a feminine given name. It is the Spanish version of Annabel.

People
Notable people with this given name include:

 * Anabel Alonso (born 1964), Spanish comedy actress
 * Anabel Conde (born 1975), Spanish singer
 * Anabel Gambero (born 1972), former field hockey defender
 * Anabel Medina Garrigues (born 1982), Spanish tennis player
 * Anabel Moro (born 1979), Argentine Paralympic swimmer
 * Anabel Rodríguez Ríos (born 1977), Venezuelan film director and screenwriter

title: Anabel


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The Other Coast

The Other Coast is a Canadian comic strip, drawn by Adrian Raeside. It has been syndicated by the Creator's Syndicate since 2001. It is syndicated to more than 150 newspapers worldwide. The strip blends environmental, political, and animal rights issues with comedy.

Collections

 * The Other Coast: Road Rage in Beverly Hills (2004); ISBN 0-7407-5450-5
 * This Is Your First Rock Garden, Isn't It?: An Other Coast Collection (2005); ISBN 0-7407-4668-5

title: The Other Coast


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User:Richardjeeves

Richard Jeeves, (Born 15th October 1983, Dagenham) is a 21 year old student currently living in Barking, Essex. He is the son of Christine Jeeves and Richard Onslow. He has two younger sisters, Sophie and Jemma Jeeves.

title: User:Richardjeeves


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New Hampshire Route 13

New Hampshire Route 13 is a 43.38 mi long north–south state highway in the state of New Hampshire, United States. The highway runs from Brookline to Concord.

The southern terminus is at the Massachusetts state line in Brookline, where the route continues south as Massachusetts Route 13. The northern terminus is in the center of Concord at U.S. Route 202 and New Hampshire Route 9, locally the intersection of South Street and Pleasant Street.

Brookline to Milford
NH 13 begins as a continuation of Massachusetts Route 13 at the state line between Brookline and Townsend, Massachusetts. It continues north for about 8.4 mi through Brookline and crosses into Milford, where it meets an interchange with New Hampshire Route 101. The highway continues north for about 1.4 mi through the outskirts of Milford's urban center until it reaches Union Square, better known as the Milford Oval, where it intersects New Hampshire Route 101A.

Mont Vernon to Goffstown
NH 13 continues north over the Souhegan River on the Colonel John Shepard Bridge, then turns northwest for 4.4 mi towards Mont Vernon and serves as the town's main road. After intersecting the Francestown Turnpike in the center of Mont Vernon, NH 13 continues northwest for about 5.9 mi until it intersects New Hampshire Route 136 in the center of New Boston. The highway then turns east, crossing the South Branch Piscataquog River, then goes northeast for 6.4 mi along the path of the river toward Goffstown. It turns north at the intersection of New Hampshire Route 114 with which it briefly runs concurrently over the Piscataquog River and into downtown Goffstown.

Dunbarton to Concord
After separating from NH 114 at the Goffstown Public Library, NH 13 continues north for 6.1 mi to the town center of Dunbarton, then for another 3.5 mi north where it intersects New Hampshire Route 77. After taking a sharp right at the intersection, NH 13 heads northeast towards Concord for 4.0 mi until it reaches the interchange with Interstate 89 near a New Hampshire State Police barracks. NH 13 then turns north on South Street near downtown Concord, where it meets its northern terminus at US 202/NH 9.

title: New Hampshire Route 13


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New Hampshire Route 12

New Hampshire Route 12 is a 62.773 mi long north–south state highway in southwestern New Hampshire. Its southern terminus is at the Massachusetts state line in Fitzwilliam, where it continues south as Massachusetts Route 12. Its northern terminus is at the Vermont state line in Claremont (a terminus it shares with New Hampshire Route 103), where it continues north as Vermont Route 12. Most of the northern part of NH 12 runs along the Connecticut River.

Its number is derived from its original 1922 designation as New England Interstate Route 12 (also known as the "Keene Way"). Present-day Vermont Route 12, New Hampshire Route 12, Massachusetts Route 12 and Connecticut Route 12 still mostly follow the original route. The 283.3 mi four-state series of State Route 12s extend from Morrisville, Vermont, to Groton, Connecticut.

Fitzwilliam to Keene
NH 12 begins in Fitzwilliam where it connects to Massachusetts Route 12 at the state line. The highway heads northwest into the town center where it crosses NH 119. NH 12 continues northwest through Troy, then dips into parts of Marlborough and Swanzey before entering the city of Keene. Immediately after crossing into Keene, NH 12 intersects the northern terminus of NH 32 then meets NH 101 near Keene State College. NH 12 turns west along NH 101, then meets NH 10 at a roundabout. NH 10 joins NH 12 and NH 101 west to the next intersection at NH 9. NH 101 ends while NH 10 and NH 12 turn north with NH 9 eastbound in tow. The three routes are multiplexed for 1.2 mi as they bypass downtown Keene to the west. NH 9 and NH 10 split off at a trumpet interchange while NH 12 continues northwest. The highway interchanges with NH 12A on its way out of town.

Surry to Charlestown
NH 12 enters the southwestern corner of Surry, then turns nearly due west, crossing into the town of Westmoreland. It intersects the northern terminus of NH 63 near the Connecticut River, then turns north and enters Walpole. Now paralleling the eastern bank of the river, NH 12 heads north towards the town center. It intersects with NH 123, which connects to U.S. Route 5 in the neighboring town of Westminster, Vermont. NH 123 south joins NH 12 north and the two routes run in a wrong-way concurrency until crossing the Cold River, where NH 123 splits off to the east. NH 12 continues north along the river and crosses into Charlestown where it meets the northern terminus of NH 12A. The highway continues through downtown, then intersects NH 11, which connects to Interstate 91 and US 5 in nearby Springfield, Vermont. NH 11 east joins NH 12 north and the two routes continue north. A second, northern segment of NH 12A splits off to bypass Claremont while NH 11 and NH 12 head towards the downtown area.

Claremont
In downtown Claremont NH 11 and NH 12 intersect with NH 103 and split after a 10.0 mi overlap. Facilitated by a traffic circle, NH 11 joins NH 103 eastbound while NH 12 joins NH 103 westbound. NH 12 and NH 103 cross the Sugar River, then parallel it to the northwest (which they do for the remainder of their lengths) back towards the Connecticut River. Heading west, NH 12 and NH 103 cross NH 12A, then turn northwest and cross the river into Ascutney, Vermont. NH 103 ends at the state line while NH 12 becomes Vermont Route 12.

History

NH 12 was originally designated in 1922 as part of New England Interstate Route 12, a 279 mi regional highway stretching from Route 1 (modern U.S. Route 1, which partly runs on Interstate 95) in New London, Connecticut, to Derby, Vermont, where it terminated at Route 2 (modern U.S. Route 5) near the border with Quebec. It was known as the "Keene Way," reflecting its route through Keene, New Hampshire.

In 1926, the New England road marking system was usurped by the system of United States Numbered Highways and in ca. 1932, Route 12 was redesignated as state highways bearing the number 12 (although a portion of Route 12 in southern Connecticut swapped designations with Route 32 at the same time). In the 1960s, VT 12 was truncated from Derby to its present terminus in Morrisville, with the former highway remaining as parts of VT 14, VT 16 and US 5. The highway as a whole has remained largely unchanged since.

New Hampshire Route 12A
New Hampshire Route 12A is a designation held by two state highways which bypass separate sections of NH 12. Although not directly connected, the two segments are linked by an 8.2 mi section of NH 12 in Charlestown.

Southern segment
The southern segment of NH 12A is a 21.598 mi loop route of NH 12 which bypasses Westmoreland and Walpole. Its southern terminus is at an interchange with NH 12 in Keene. Its northern terminus is at an intersection with NH 12 in Charlestown.

This section of NH 12A begins at an interchange with NH 12 north of downtown Keene. The highway initially heads northeast, then turns north to parallel the Ashuelot River and enters the town of Surry. NH 12A passes through the center of Surry and continues north into Alstead. In Alstead, NH 12A continues north until intersecting with NH 123. NH 12A joins NH 123 and the highway intersects NH 123A before turning west along the Cold River. The road turns north to cross the river, then NH 12A splits from NH 123. NH 12A continues northwest through the town of Langdon before crossing into Charlestown. NH 12A terminates at NH 12 in the southern end of town.

Northern segment
The northern segment of NH 12A is a 26.900 mi long spur route of NH 12 that travels south-to-north along the eastern side of the Connecticut River. Its southern terminus is at an intersection with NH 11 and NH 12 in Charlestown. Its northern terminus is at US 4 and NH 10 in Lebanon.

This section of NH 12A starts in northern Charlestown where it splits from NH 11 / NH 12. It runs along the eastern side of the Connecticut River, bypassing downtown Claremont to the west. After crossing the Sugar River, NH 12A crosses NH 12 and NH 103, which cross into Ascutney, Vermont, just to the west.

Now paralleling its parent route, which has become Vermont Route 12 across the river, NH 12A continues north into the town of Cornish. Bridge Street offers a local connection to VT 12, US 5 and VT 44 in neighboring Windsor, Vermont. NH 12A continues through western Plainfield without any major junctions, then enters the city of Lebanon. NH 12A continues north and interchanges with Interstate 89 before terminating at US 4 / NH 10 in West Lebanon village.

Related routes

 * [[Image:New England 12.svg|20px]] New England Interstate Route 12, the designation carried by NH 12 in the 1920s

title: New Hampshire Route 12


text:
Talk:Bayonne, New Jersey

Untitled
Bayonne was the first to establish two-way radio contact between Police Headquarters & Patrol cars. source: Modern Marvels, "Extreme Trucks" first air date 11/12/03 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mike96815 (talk • contribs) 22:42, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

NPOV
unless someone produces a source, i'm cutting out "majority of citizens do not drive"...that seems totally anecdotal Jporcaro 20:08, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

ALSO, when I cut all that POV stuff out, I forgot to sign in...IP 141.153.157.146 was mine. I'll put it back in if someone provides a source. Jporcaro 04:39, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

It might be anecdotal about a pedestrian majority, but consider the average age of its residents over the last fifteen years and the popularity of Broadway as its central shopping district, and there's a strong case for it. Constructed as an objective entry, one might say "Bayonne has a large pedestrian-friendly shopping avenue called Broadway, with a dedicated bus service there since 1932. Furthermore, Bayonne is largely comprised of many neighborhoods with church parishes tending to anchor residents.  The number of delicatessens, pizzerians, and other local shops in each neighborhood tends to support a more pedestrian population."

All of which are facts, verifiable on a map with associated population densities to prove it. Of late, new construction and the introduction of row homes (some on historical sites, thanks for that) will likely change the character of the city remarkably. Scarletknight 13:17, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

Operation Se7en?
I deleted some garbage from the page that included that and wasn't relative to the topic at all. NYGiantsNYMets91 04:33, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Feral Cats
I took out the bit about the "myriad of ferral [sic] cats." It may be funny (and true) but hardly a useful piece of trivia. Mistermind 17:11, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Dress Code Controversy
Is dress policy of the Board of Ed really encyclopedic? I, for one, favor yanking out the third paragraph under Education. WhyTanFox 19:07, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Bayonne City Seal.jpg
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add S I Newhouse of Conde Nast to list of famous
SAM NEWHOUSE, was the oldest of eight children born to poor Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. At 13, Sammy hit the streets of hometown Bayonne, New Jersey, to support his ailing father and family. A local lawyer-businessman gave him a tryout at no wages and promptly discovered he had hired the prototypical Horatio Alger kid.

In 1911, at age 16, pint-size Sam (then edging up to his adult height of 5 feet 2 inches) was put in charge of a struggling Bayonne newspaper that the lawyer had taken over in satisfaction of a bad debt. Startlingly, Sam made the paper a success and himself an early-day yuppie, beginning at age 21 to earn some $30,000 a year (around $300,000 in today's dollars). In the process, he grew obsessed with the newspaper business and uninterested in using the law degree he had somehow found time to get. By 1924, then 29, he had control of his own paper, the Staten Island Advance, a Newhouse property to this day. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Paleocon (talk • contribs) 03:55, 28 September 2007 (UTC) http://www.answers.com/topic/samuel-irving-newhouse —Preceding unsigned comment added by Paleocon (talk • contribs) 03:58, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

History of
Can someone help me get some valuable information about the history of bayonne? The only source i have is the city website which is inadequate. --Paulm27 (talk) 14:00, 4 August 2008 (UT

 * Paul, a quick google books search found this history of Bayonne from 1904. The whole book is online and should make a great reference.  Jim Miller  See me 14:08, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Wow, never used google books before! Thanks a lot, I'll be sure to read it. --Paulm27 (talk) 14:24, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

Current building projects Update
User:69.115.146.42 placed the following note as invisible text in the Current building projects section. I moved it here:

 * Many of these projects have been completed as of May 25th, 2009. A thorough edit should be conducted by one of you Wikipedia people. the teardrop has been completed as well as the golf course. some items in this selection should be put in a new section.

In response to this, I would say that reliable sources are needed to support this information. Nightscream (talk) 01:56, 27 May 2009 (UTC) IS A CITY IN NJ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.82.35.150 (talk) 21:25, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

Material in need of sourcing
I have moved the following material here from the article until it can be properly sourced per WP:NOR, WP:V, etc.

{{blockquote|

Fauna
Bayonne currently plays host to a many animal species including aquatic animals, semi-aquatic animals, and land-dwelling animals. Most populations thrive.
 * Mammals: Raccoons, bats, opossums, rabbits, feral cats and dogs, mice, rats, squirrels.
 * Birds: Geese, ducks, pigeons, seagulls, cardinals, bluejays, robins, sparrows, crows, doves, partridges, pheasants, starlings, falcons, egrets.
 * Reptiles: Painted turtles, red-ear slider turtles, snapping turtles, toads.
 * Fish: Striped Bass, Bluefish, Summer and Winter Flounder, Weakfish.
 * Insects: Grasshoppers, Praying Mantis, ants, beetles, wasps and hornets, bees, butterflies, cicadas.
 * Crustaceans: Blue crabs, Horseshoe crabs

In media

 * Films such as Hysterical Blindness (2002), Mortal Thoughts (1991), Swimfan (2002), and War of the Worlds were all shot on location in Bayonne.
 * The Peninsula at Bayonne Harbor (formerly the Military Ocean Terminal), located on the Eastern Side of Bayonne is now home to television and movie studios for shows such as HBO's Oz (1997-2003), A Beautiful Mind (2001) and Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004).
 * The Bayonne Bridge and some of the downtown streets were filmed for the making of Spielberg's War of the Worlds. The bridge and major portions of Bayonne were destroyed by aliens in the film.
 * Some scenes from the Nickelodeon television show The Adventures of Pete and Pete were shot in Bayonne. Scenes that took place in Wellsville High School were shot in Bayonne High School and P.S..
 * The 1996 TV show Matt Waters starring Montel Williams, with Williams portraying a fictional high school teacher, was filmed almost entirely in Bayonne, with scenes shot at Bayonne High School.
 * The music videos Someday by Mariah Carey and Popular by Nada Surf were filmed on location at Bayonne High School, as were the classroom scenes of Pearl Jam's Jeremy video.
 * The film version of Strangers with Candy filmed scenes taking place at Flatpoint High inside Bayonne High School.
 * The movie Crooks, starring comedian Jim Norton and directed by Paul Battista was filmed on location in Bayonne.
 * Bayonne is often used as the butt of jokes on television shows such as The Odd Couple (Frosty the maid was hailed as the "Beast from Bayonne") another episode Oscar says about his loyal poker buddies "Guys I got my hand stamped together at Bayonne High", Barney Miller, and All in the Family, among many others.
 * When The Tonight Show was broadcast from New York City during the 1960s, host Johnny Carson liked to make jokes about various New Jersey cities. He claimed on several occasions that his personal tailor was "Raul of Bayonne".
 * The prom scenes from "My Best Friend's Girl" starring Dane Cook and Kate Hudson was filmed at Bayonne High School.

Trivia
Nightscream (talk) 03:48, 15 April 2010 (UTC)
 * The 19th Century town of Saltersville, New Jersey (a Civil War training area) is now a part of Bayonne. A notable regiment stationed there was the Anderson Zouaves who were encamped and mustered in on June 30 and July 1, 1861 at Newark Bay House, a resort hotel on the western shore of the Bayonne peninsula.
 * The main street in Bayonne is known as Broadway, and was named after the avenue in New York City. It was originally named Avenue D, since it is bounded on either side by Avenues C and E.
 * The Bayonne Bridge, which connects Bayonne to Staten Island, was completed in November 1931. At the time, it was the longest steel arch bridge ever constructed. Today, it is the third-longest such bridge, with the Lupu Bridge in Shanghai, China and the New River Gorge Bridge in West Virginia being first- and second-longest respectively.
 * Standard Oil began its initial operations in Bayonne when John D. Rockefeller bought a kerosene works on the eastern shore. It eventually encompassed all of the Constable Hook section of Bayonne; Avenues J and East 22nd Street are all that remain.
 * Many PT boats (for "Patrol Torpedo"), small, fast vessel used by the United States Navy in World War II to attack larger surface ships were built between 1942 and 1945 by Elco (Electric Launch Corporation) at Bayonne. Elco later merged with its sister company, Electric Boat Corporation, in 1948, to form General Dynamics.
 * Bayonne was a bedroom community and shore resort for the wealthy and elite as early as 1889. The La Tourette Hotel on the southern shore along Kill Van Kull was its centerpiece.
 * Bayonne police officers were the first to have police radios in their police cars. They also were one of the first to use the police walkie-talkie.
 * The Bayonne Bridge is the sister bridge of the Sydney Harbour Bridge located in Sydney, Australia.}}

Currently missing
There's a lot of relevant information missing so the following can be added to further improve the article. Notable People: Name: Nino Gonzalez Alias: Mike Born: 1959-04-19 Nationality: US American Hometown: Bayonne, New Jersey, USA Height: 5′ 8″  /   173cm Boxing Record: won 30 (KO 17) + lost 7 (KO 3) + drawn 1 = 38 rounds boxed 242 KO% 44.74 Copyright: boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=2337&cat=boxer Most Notable: Fought & lost to Roberto Duran in August 9, 1981 as part of Roberto's comeback attempt. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.50.18.203 (talk) 06:53, 12 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Bayonne Medical Center
 * History section
 * Recreation section with the inclusion of Veterans park, City park, Richard L. Korpi ice rink, & the municipal pool to name a few.
 * Private schools such as Marist High School, Holy Family Academy, & All Saints Catholic Academy. Selecciones de la Vida (talk) 20:21, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

Edit request on 17 October 2012
Include Notable Residents:

Stephen R. Gregg, Medal of Honor Recipient: Wikilink - Stephen_R._Gregg

General Martin E. Dempsey (B), Born in Bayonne, NJ on March 14, 1952, attended St. Andrew's (elementary) School. On Sept. 30, 2011, General Dempsey became the nation's: Chairman of the Joint-Chiefs-of-staff. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=2532013989144&set=o.229275567110463&type=1&theater

173.166.72.174 (talk) 14:05, 17 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Being born in Bayonne, NJ is not the same as being a resident of Bayonne. -- Red rose64 (talk) 16:40, 17 October 2012 (UTC)

Relevant move request
There is a move request at Talk:Bayonne (disambiguation) that watchers of this article may be interested in. Egsan Bacon (talk) 20:48, 12 November 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053743/http://www.hudsoncountyclerk.org/official.htm to http://www.hudsoncountyclerk.org/official.htm
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title: Talk:Bayonne, New Jersey


text:
Omnibus (survey)

An omnibus survey is a method of quantitative marketing research where data on a wide variety of subjects is collected during the same interview. Usually, multiple research clients will provide proprietary content for the survey (paying to 'get on the omnibus'), while sharing the common demographic data collected from each respondent.

An omnibus survey generally uses a stratified sample and can be conducted in person via an interviewer, as well as by mail, telephone, or Internet.

The advantages to the research client include cost savings (because the sampling and screening costs are shared across multiple clients) and timeliness (because omnibus samples are large and interviewing is ongoing).

However, the number of questions will be smaller and sometimes the theme of one of the research client will not be of interest for a part of the respondents.

title: Omnibus (survey)


text:
European Students' Union

The European Students' Union (ESU) is the umbrella organisation of 44 national unions of students from 40 countries, representing almost 20 million students. A consultative member of the Bologna Process, ESU is also a full member of the European Youth Forum (YFJ).

History
On 17 October 1982, seven National Unions of Students (NUSes) from the United Kingdom, Sweden, Iceland, France, Denmark, Norway and Austria established the Western European Students Information Bureau (WESIB) at a gathering in Stockholm. In February 1990, WESIB dropped the "W" to become the European Student Information Bureau (ESIB) following the political upheaval in Europe at the time. In 1992 the name was changed yet again into the National Union of Students in Europe. This reflected the recognition of the changing mission of ESIB from being a pure information-sharing organisation into a political organisation that represented the views of students in European institutions. In May 2007, the current name, European Students' Union (ESU), was introduced.

Over the years, the office of ESU has moved around Europe and was first hosted by the member NUSes. Following the establishment of WESIB in Stockholm, the office was based in the SFS Office in Sweden from 1982 until 1985, funded by a grant by the Swedish Government. By 1985 the grant was running low, and so NUS UK offered to host WESIB in their London headquarters. In 1988 the office moved to the ÖH offices in Vienna and remained there until 2000 when it was decided that for reasons of being near the European institutions, the office should move to Brussels and was hosted by VVS.

Structures
The highest ESU structure is the Board Meeting, bringing together representatives from all the National Unions of Students it represents. The Board Meeting sets the organisation's policy direction and elects members to the executive committee to run the organisation.

Executive committee
The executive committee (EC) is elected for a one-year term at the annual Board Meeting by representatives of the member organisations, with each country (not organisation) given two votes. The president and vice-presidents together make up the presidency of ESU, and are responsible for the day-to-day operations of the organisation along with the seven general members of the EC.

Candidate members
Candidate-members are NUSes that have submitted an application of membership to ESU but have not yet been granted member status by the Board Meeting. Candidate-members retain their status for one year and are subject to a "study visit" by ESU to ensure they meet membership criteria.

Associate organisations
Associate members of ESU are pan-European and international student organisations that have similar goals to ESU. The criteria for associate membership require the organisation to be democratic and student-run, have either students or NUSes as members, and represent students from at least 8 countries that are parties to the European Cultural Convention. Associate organizations can attend and speak at all ESU meetings, but cannot vote at Board Meetings.

 * Association of Norwegian Students Abroad (ANSA)
 * European Dental Students Association (EDSA)
 * European Deaf Students' Union (EDSU)
 * European Nursing Students Association (ENSA)
 * European Medical Students' Association (EMSA)
 * European Pharmaceutical Students' Association (EPSA)
 * European Union of Jewish Students (EUJS)
 * Forum of European Muslim Youth and Student Organisation (FEMYSO)
 * International Association for Political Science Students (IAPSS)
 * International Federation of Medical Students' Associations (IFMSA)
 * International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Youth and Student Organisation (IGLYO)
 * International Students of History Association (ISHA)
 * Organising Bureau of European School Student Unions (OBESSU)

List of Executive Representatives
Source:

Prior to 1997 ESIB was Chaired by a NUS instead of an individual, though its first director was employed in 1994.

Notable people

 * Ligia Deca, Minister of Education Romania
 * Carmen Ria Smith, Baroness Smith of Llanfaes, member of the House of Lords

title: European Students' Union


text:
Pfaffenhoffen

Pfaffenhoffen (Pfaffenhofen; Alsatian: Pfàffoffe) is a former commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Val-de-Moder.

title: Pfaffenhoffen


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Isaac Brock

Isaac Brock
This is a self-nomination. The article is about a person who is a national hero in Canada and a significant historical figure in the War of 1812. The article has been through a peer review which resulted in significant changes. I also believe it meets feature-article criteria, and will do my level best to resolve any actionable problems brought up. --Scimitar 16:55, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Support A fine read. My only quibble would be that the lead image should be within a  block, but that's not enough to stop my support.  slambo 17:26, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Added. --Scimitar 18:31, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Support with the quibble that: "Despite his lack of secular education" suggests that he had had a religious education. This is not mentioned anywhere and seems unlikely. --Theo  (Talk) 00:01, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the comments. I've changed the wording to "an extensive formal education" to avoid confusion. --Scimitar 19:42, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Support Very well doen. say1988 02:39, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, great work --nixie 04:52, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Good work. Phil s 19:35, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Excellent. DanielNuyu 22:59, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Liked it, small comment: a map or maybe a painting of a scene in the Battle of Detroit would enhance the section on it. Themanwithoutapast 23:11, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I acutally haven't been able to find a painting (who wants to paint a battle scene from a battle that wasn't really a battle, eh?), and I'm not sure about the veracity (or for that matter copyrights) of the maps I've found, or else I would include them. --Scimitar 13:18, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Support, great work, well written. Phoenix2 23:23, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Thought I knew quite a bit about the man, found some interesting stuff that was new to me. Very well laid-out, as well. Radagast 02:35, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Brown tinamou

The brown tinamou (Crypturellus obsoletus) is a brownish ground bird found in humid lowland and montane forest in tropical and subtropical South America.

Taxonomy
All tinamous are usually treated in a single family (Tinamidae) and, contrary to traditional classifications, they are embedded within the group known as ratites, most closely related to the extinct moa of New Zealand. However, unlike ratites (ostriches, rheas, moa, kiwis, emus, cassowaries & elephantbirds), tinamous are capable of flight, although in general, they are not strong fliers. Different ratite lineages evolved separately from ancient flying birds, and tinamous are thought to most closely resemble these ancestral ratites.

Subspecies
Its distribution is highly disjunct and the subspecies, which quite probably represent more than one species, are distributed as follows:

 * C. o. obsoletus, the nominate race, occurs in the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and Misiones, Argentina.
 * C. o. griseiventris occurs throughout the valley of Rio Tapajós, Brazil; southwestern Pará, southeastern Amazonas, and central Mato Grosso.
 * C. o. hypochraceus occurs in upper Rio Madeira valley in central Rondônia, Brazil.
 * C. o. punensis occurs in the Yungas of central Bolivia and extreme southeastern Peru.
 * C. o. traylori, Traylor's tinamou, occurs in the Marcapata Valley of central Cusco, southeastern Peru; sometimes treated as a separate species.
 * C. o. ochraceiventris occurs along the east Andean slopes in central Peru; Huanuco, Pasco, Junín, northern Ayacucho, and Cusco.
 * C. o. castaneus occurs east of the Andes in northern Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia; sometimes treated as a separate species.
 * C. o. knoxi occurs in sub-tropical northwestern Venezuela.
 * C. o. cerviniventris occurs in northern Venezuela.

Additionally, there are records from north Mato Grosso in Brazil, but it remains unclear which subspecies is involved. Most subspecies occur in highlands, but hypochraceus, griseiventris, and the southern populations of the nominate taxon occur in lowlands. It is uncommon to rare in most of its range, but commoner in southeastern Brazil, where it is the most frequently encountered member of its genus.

Etymology
Crypturellus is formed from three Latin or Greek words. kruptos meaning covered or hidden, oura meaning tail, and ellus meaning diminutive. Therefore, Crypturellus means small hidden tail.

Description
The brown tinamou is approximately 25 to(-) in length and it weighs about 350 to(-). Depending on the subspecies involved, the upperparts vary from dark sooty-brown to bright chestnut and the underparts, which usually are paler than the upperparts, vary from chestnut to light ochraceous. The subspecies griseiventris is unique in having pale buff-grey underparts. All subspecies can be separated from the superficially similar little tinamou by the greyish (rather than whitish) throat. Females are typically larger and more rufescent than the males.

Behavior
As other tinamous of its genus, it is a shy, ground-dwelling species, which usually is encountered singly or in pairs. It feeds on fruits, insects, and seeds. The female lays 4-5 deep pink to dark glossy brown eggs on the ground; typically in a small depression at the base of a tree. Its song consists of loud, high-pitches whistles, but exact structure and timbre vary over its range.

Range and habitat
The brown tinamou is located in northern Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, northern and southern Brazil, extreme northeastern Argentina, eastern Bolivia, and eastern Paraguay. They may also be in Uruguay.

They live in tropical and sub-tropical moist lowland and montane forests, preferring elevations between 1300 to(-).

Conservation
The IUCN classifies the brown tinamou as Least Concern, with an occurrence range of 1700000 km2.

title: Brown tinamou


text:
Shotts and Dykehead Caledonia Pipe Band

The Shotts and Dykehead Caledonia Pipe Band is a grade 1 pipe band from Shotts, in the North Lanarkshire region of Scotland. The band has won the World Pipe Band Championships sixteen times. The current pipe major is Emmett Conway.

History
The Shotts and Dykehead Caledonia Pipe Band was formed in 1910 by Pipe Major Dugald MacFarlane. The band purchased its first uniform with kilts of the McKenzie tartan in 1914, but despite entering many competitions, the band did not attain competitive success until Pipe Major Tom McAllister took the lead role in 1929. In 1935 the band won the Grade 2 world championship, and were upgraded to Grade 1 for the 1936 season, when they won the British Championship on the first attempt. After a suspension of competitions during the Second World War, the band won the World Championships in 1948 and 1952 under Tom McAllister, for a total of 21 major championships during his leadership of the band.

Tom McAllister's son John Kerr McAllister took over as pipe major in 1954, in partnership with leading drummer Alex Duthart. Under this leadership, the band won four consecutive World Championships, between 1957 and 1960, setting a record for the time. After losing several members, including Alex Duthart, and not competing in 1963, Willie Stevenson was appointed as leading drummer and the band resumed competition in 1964.

John Kerr McAllister retired in 1968, having led the band to 26 major championship victories, to be succeeded by his younger brother Tom McAllister Junior. Alex Duthart returned in 1970, and in the next twelve years before Tom retired the band won a further 23 major championships, including the 1980 World Championships. Alex retired in 1982 and Tom in 1984, and were succeeded by leading drummer John Scullion and pipe major James A. Bell. At the end of 1986, Robert Mathieson and Jim Kilpatrick, former members of the band, took over as pipe major and leading drummer respectively. The band won 30 major championships under Mathieson, who retired at the end of 2010 to be replaced by Gavin Walker.

Following the unexpected resignation of Gavin Walker just prior to the 2012 World Championships, Ryan Canning was appointed as the new pipe major of the band. The band did not, however, compete in the World Championships that year, partially due to Kilpatrick's suspension by the RSPBA over a comment posted on Facebook.

In 2013, the band announced the end of its decade long sponsorship from The House of Edgar and the name reverted to Shotts and Dykehead Caledonia Pipe Band.

In 2015, Shotts won the World Championships again, the first major championship won under Canning and the first victory by a Scottish band since Shotts won the title in 2005. Kilpatrick left the band in October 2015, a statement from the band reported that Kilpatrick had agreed to step down and retire from his position as leading drummer, and that corps member Blair Brown would be his replacement. but in his own statement Kilpatrick stated that his removal from the band was "the final act in a long-running, premeditated and well-planned coup d’état orchestrated by Ryan Canning, Blair Brown, Glenn Brown and perhaps three other members of the Shotts band." Emmett Conway took over as pipe major of the band in late 2018.

Pipe Majors

 * Dugald MacFarlane (1910–1929)
 * Tom MacAllister Sr. (1929–1954)
 * J.K. MacAllister (1954–1968)
 * Tom MacAllister Jr. (1968–1984)
 * James A. Bell (1984–1986)
 * Robert Mathieson (1986–2010)
 * Gavin Walker (2010–2012)
 * Ryan Canning (2012–2018)
 * Emmett Conway (2018–   )

Leading Drummers

 * George Crawford
 * Willie (Teddy) Gilchrist (?-1949)
 * John Kirkwood (1949–1953)
 * John Kerr (1953–1955)
 * Alex Duthart (1957–1963)
 * Willie Stevenson (1963–1970)
 * Alex Duthart (1970–1982)
 * John Scullion (1982–1986)
 * Arthur Cook (1986)
 * Jim Kilpatrick (1986–2015)
 * Andrew Lawson (2015–2023)
 * Grant Cassidy (2023-

Discography

 * World Champions (1960)
 * Champions Supreme (1965)
 * The Covenanter (1968)
 * Parade of the Pipes (1970)
 * Pipes & Drums (1970)
 * Bagpipes, Brass & Accordion (1971)
 * The Shores of Loch Katrine (1974)
 * Bagpipe Marches and Music of Scotland (1976)
 * Shotts & Dykehead Caledonia Pipe Band (1976)
 * Champion of Champions (1981)
 * Another Quiet Sunday (1992)
 * By the Waters Edge (1994)
 * The Pipe Major's Choice (1999)
 * La Boum Ecosse (2001)
 * Legendary House of Edgar Shotts & Dykehead Caledonia Pipe Band (2005)
 * Rise (2018)

title: Shotts and Dykehead Caledonia Pipe Band


text:
User talk:Fooby

...Anyone?

Find the rest of the Singapore community!
Yeap, you can find us in these pages:

 * Singapore portal
 * SGpedians' notice board
 * Singapore Collaboration of the Week
 * Singapore-related topics
 * Category:Wikipedians in Singapore (You've found that already!)

Do leave your name at the notice board, and thanks again for making wikipedia your online abode! ;)

Lol...You must be joking that your English is class 0. :D --Terence Ong Talk 15:53, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * -Thanks. You're 13 - God, I feel old now. -_-;;; Fooby 17:14, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Fooby


text:
Father Goose (film)

Father Goose is a 1964 American Technicolor romantic comedy film set in World War II, starring Cary Grant, Leslie Caron and Trevor Howard. The title is a play on the children's fiction character of "Mother Goose," which is used as a code name assigned to the coast watcher character played by Grant. Based on a story A Place of Dragons by Sanford Barnett, the film won an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay. It introduced the song "Pass Me By" by Cy Coleman and Carolyn Leigh, later recorded by Peggy Lee, Frank Sinatra and others.

Plot
While the Royal Australian Navy evacuates Salamaua, Papua New Guinea, in February 1942 ahead of a Japanese invasion, Commander Frank Houghton coerces an old friend, American beachcomber Walter Eckland, into becoming a coast watcher for the Allies. Houghton escorts Eckland to deserted Matalava Island to watch for Japanese airplanes. To ensure Eckland stays put, Houghton has his own ship "accidentally" knock a hole in Eckland's cabin cruiser while departing, leaving him only a utility dinghy to get around in. To motivate the alcoholic Eckland, Houghton had his crew hide bottles of Scotch whisky around the island, rewarding each confirmed aircraft sighting with directions to one.

As Japanese forces grow ever closer and more threatening, Eckland begs for a replacement, ultimately being offered one that he must retrieve himself across open ocean. In return, he extorts the location of his entire supply of whisky (and gathers the cache). Upon arrival on Bundy Island he is instead greeted by a parade of eight females: Frenchwoman Catherine Freneau and seven schoolgirls under her care since escaping Rabaul, but no coast watcher; he'd been killed in an air raid and buried by Freneau. Recognizing his plight, Eckland dutifully takes the troop back to Matalava.

The next morning, Freneau clashes with Eckland, whom she decries to Houghton as "a rude, foul-mouthed, drunken, filthy beast." In return, Eckland dubs Freneau "Miss Goody Two Shoes".

Eckland settles into a grudging détente with the group. One by one, he befriends the girls (four British, two French, and an Australian), becoming pals with the outgoing tomboyish "Harry" and even getting the youngest, traumatized mute since being separated from her parents, to speak again.

When the girls frantically report that Freneau has been bitten by a snake and Houghton confirms that all on the island are deadly venemous, Eckland commences a vigil over her. To ease her pain, he's advised to administer an anodyne, which he does liberally. A veteran social drinker from her consulate days - evidently entirely out of practice - she enthusiastically downs the whisky.

When she passes out Eckland mistakenly believes she has succumbed (and taken with her solemn secrets he revealed in their reverie), only to learn she'd merely been pricked by a thorny stick that just looked like a snake. The next day she remembers everything - to his horror.

Realizing they are in love (rather than a case of lust they once narrowly averted), the couple arrange to be married by a military chaplain via radio. Houghton then finally agrees to evacuate them, by U.S. submarine the following morning.

Unsurprisingly, the couple is unable to consummate their marriage, spending their honeymoon night on the beach with the girls waiting for a signal from the sub. Before it arrives a Japanese patrol boat returns and sends a pair of landing parties shoreward in rafts. Ordering Freneau and the girls into his dinghy, Eckland heads out to sea in his newly repaired cruiser in the opposite direction to draw the Japanese away.

On station, the sub is unable to torpedo the patrol boat because of an intervening reef. The cruiser runs full-out, bracketed by Japanese shells. Finally the patrol boat is in the clear, but before the torpedoes can hit their mark the cruiser is blown to splinters.

All is not lost, though: Eckland had lashed its wheel and jumped overside to safety. He pops up cheerfully alongside the dinghy.

Cast

 * Cary Grant as Walter Christopher Eckland
 * Leslie Caron as Catherine Louise Marie Ernestine Freneau
 * Trevor Howard as Commander Frank Houghton
 * Jack Good as Lieutenant Stebbings
 * Peter Forster as the chaplain
 * Simon Scott as submarine captain
 * Ken Swofford as submarine helmsman

The children:
 * Sharyl Locke as Jenny
 * Pip Sparke as Anne
 * Verina Greenlaw as Christine
 * Stephanie Berrington as Elizabeth Anderson
 * Jennifer Berrington as Harriet "Harry" MacGregor
 * Laurelle Felsette as Angelique
 * Nicole Felsette as Dominique

Production
The film was based on a short story by S Barnett called A Place of Dragons. Producer Hal Chester hired Frank Tarloff, with whom he had worked on School for Scoundrels, to write the screenplay. Tarloff turned the project down at first calling it "a poor man's African Queen" but changed his mind. Originally the film was going to be a "small British picture" directed by Cy Enfield, who like Tarloff was an American blacklistee living in England. Tarloff added the children, who were not in the original story. Chester then sold the project to Universal, although they refused to let Chester produce.

According to the New York Times, Cary Grant was given the original story by an executive at Universal who liked it. He passed it along to Peter Stone, who told him he wanted to write the screenplay. Grant then arranged for Stone to be signed to Father Goose; Stone's contract called for a picture a year for five years.

At one stage David Miller was going to direct but that job eventually went to Ralph Nelson.

Father Goose was filmed on location in Jamaica. Filming began in May 1964.

The Japanese patrol vessel at the end of the film was portrayed by a former U.S. Coast Guard wood hull 83-foot WPB patrol boat. Director Ralph Nelson stated he tried to avoid professional child actors; with one exception, he succeeded.

Box Office
The film grossed $12.5 million at the domestic box office, earning $6 million in US theatrical rentals.

Critical
In its contemporary review, Variety was positive: "Cary Grant comes up with an about-face change of character.... [He] plays an unshaven bum addicted to tippling and tattered attire, a long way from the suave figure he usually projects but affording him opportunity for nutty characterization. Leslie Caron and Trevor Howard are valuable assists to plottage...."

Bosley Crowther, The New York Times critic, considered it "a cheerfully fanciful fable" and "some harmless entertainment". Of the title character, he wrote, "It is not a very deep character or a very real one, but it is fun."

Awards and nominations
S. H. Barnett, Peter Stone, and Frank Tarloff won the Oscar for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay, which was written directly for the screen. Ted J. Kent was nominated for Best Film Editing and Waldon O. Watson for Best Sound. It received a nomination for the 1965 Golden Globe Best Motion Picture - Musical/Comedy award.

When Stone accepted his Oscar he said "Thank you to Cary Grant who keeps winning these things for other people.”

title: Father Goose (film)


text:
Talk:Pfaffenhoffen

Old talk
A translation of the French article.

title: Talk:Pfaffenhoffen


text:
Talk:Ward's 10 Best Engines

'''Please use this link to answer any questions about what should and should NOT be on the list. This is direct from Wards Auto World, so this should answer most (but not all) questions. Don't post anything here (let alone edit) if you are too lazy to download the PDF'''

http://wardsauto.com/datasheet/wards-10-best-engines-winners-1995-2012

I'm working to improve this slowly but surely...

Eldude611 (talk) 17:58, 16 November 2013 (UTC)

Guidelines
For engines, use the following format: - Engine Name (family name or group or identifier) assigned by the manufacturer - valvetrain - other details, such as forced induction, fuel type, and other technologies. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Eldude611 (talk • contribs) 04:48, 17 November 2013 (UTC)

How about
Going to www.wardsauto.com or subscribing to the magazine? Jk-BMW - Jussi Korkala <jkorkala@gmail.com> 01:21, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Duramax and Isuzu or GM
While it is true that GM and Isuzu have a joint venture for producing the Duramax diesel engine (2001 and 2002 list), the official lists on Ward's webpage list GM as the manufacturer. Shouldn't they be listed as the manufacturer on this page as well? FlatEric521 05:12, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

BMW Mini - Brazilian Engine Made in Campo Largo - PR
Happy to say, I was the Engineer responsible for the Cylinder Block from Mini in 2003, word´s 10 best engines. That was a fantastic time. F.B.

Inconsistencies and some other things
Under engines it's very inconsistent. For some, it specifies features of the engine, eg, dual overhead cams, single overhead cams while on others it just specifies the engines codename. In addition, for 1995 the BMW M60 under displacement it says "4.0L 740iL"..Wat? The 540i and the 840Ci also have the M60. Removed that tidbit. In addition, for 1996 it says BMW M60 V8...however, the last model year with the M60 was 1995. And then for 1997, it just DOHC 4.4 V8....That would be the M62. Changed. And then for 1998, it says the DOHC 3.2 I6...Why doesn't it say which model engine it is?

This article needs help. Paulmer2003 (talk) 23:35, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

BMW I6 (10 best engines of the 20th century list)
The entry for BMW in 10 best engines of the 20th Century list released by AutoWorld on Jan 1 2000 should read the firm's I6, not the errantly entered/edited "M62 Vanos" which had appeared.

Here is the entire entry nominating a BMW engine for the list: ''BMW AG Inline-6s (1968) The M in BMW's name stands for Motoren (Motor), indicative of the importance engines play in this company's heritage. Before BMW began light-car construction in 1927, it earned its reputation as a worthy motorcycle, aircraft, and truck engine maker. Rebuilding after WWII tested the firm's mettle, but by 1968 BMW was ready to challenge arch-rival Mercedes-Benz's S-Class sedan. To create an appropriate engine for that task, BMW simply stretched its successful SOHC 2L 4-cyl. into a 2.5L 6-cyl. In the 1980s, when competitors turned toward more compact V-6 engines, BMW bucked the trend by continuing to nurture its inline sixes through four generations. Each new generation has been lighter, smaller, more powerful and sweeter-running than its predecessors.''

The nomination is purely for the I6 and its evolution through today; there is no mention whatever of any V8, let alone the model previously mentioned. The list is Auto World's, not subject to the whim of Wikipedia editors. Thank you. Wikiuser100 (talk) 11:53, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

Barbara
Barbara 177.155.80.162 (talk) 22:27, 9 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ward's 10 Best Engines


text:
Yellow-legged tinamou

The yellow-legged tinamou (Crypturellus noctivagus) is a species of tinamou found in wooded and shrubby habitats in tropical and subtropical eastern Brazil. This superficially quail-like bird has a grey-brown plumage and two easily separated subspecies. It has declined due to human activities, and is therefore listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN.

Subspecies and range
This species has two subspecies:
 * C. n. noctivagus, the nominate race, occurs in southeastern Brazil: Minas Gerais (Doce River area), southern Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul.
 * C. n. zabele occurs in northeastern Brazil: Northern Minas Gerais and Bahia to Paraíba and Piauí.

Description
The yellow-legged tinamou is approximately 28 to(-) in length. Its upperparts are grey, its lower back and wings are barred black, its neck and upper breast are greyish, its lower breast is rufous and its belly is whitish. It has a blackish cap and a buffy supercilium. The supercilium is broadest and most prominent in the race zabele, which also is paler overall, has a whiter (less rufescent) throat and brighter yellow legs than the nominate race.

Behavior
Like other tinamous, the yellow-legged tinamou eats fruit off the ground or low-lying bushes. They also eat small amounts of invertebrates, flower buds, tender leaves, seeds, and roots. The male incubates the eggs which may come from as many as 4 different females, and then will raise them until they are ready to be on their own, usually 2–3 weeks. The nest is located on the ground in dense brush or between raised root buttresses.

Habitat
Its preferred habitat is humid forest, but the subspecies zabele also occurs in drier wooded habitats, such as savanna-woodland and Caatinga. It can be found at elevation of 700 m or less.

Conservation
The yellow-legged tinamou suffers from widespread and continuing habitat destruction and hunting pressure. Overall, although its numbers are decreasing they are not critical and therefore listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN. It has an occurrence range of 1470000 km2. There are no recent records from parts of its range, and it appears to have been extirpated from Rio de Janeiro.

title: Yellow-legged tinamou


text:
Eleanor Smeal

Eleanor Marie Smeal ( Cutri; born July 30, 1939) is an American women's rights activist. She is the president and a cofounder of the Feminist Majority Foundation (founded in 1987) and has served as president of the National Organization for Women for three terms, in addition to her work as an activist, grassroots organizer, lobbyist, and political analyst.

Smeal has appeared frequently on television, on shows including Crossfire, Good Morning America, Larry King Live, Nightline, and The Today Show. She has also appeared frequently on radio and testified before Congress. Smeal has organized numerous events around and given speeches on the concepts of feminism, equality, and human rights as they pertain to people in and outside of the United States.

Early life and education
Eleanor Smeal is of Italian ancestry, born on July 30, 1939, to Peter Anthony Cutri and Josephine E. (Agresti), in Ashtabula, Ohio. Her father emigrated to America from Calabria, Italy and became an insurance salesman. After graduating from Strong Vincent High School in 1957, Smeal attended Duke University. At the time, Duke was not integrated and women made up only 25% of the enrolled students.

Smeal participated in the fight for integration at Duke and graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1961. She also holds an M.A. in political science and public administration from the University of Florida. Since 2001, Smeal is also the publisher of Ms. magazine which is owned and published by the Feminist Majority Foundation.

Personal life
While attending Duke University Eleanor met Charles Smeal, an engineering student, whom she married on April 27, 1963. Eleanor and Charles had two children together and lived in the area of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Smeal's interest in feminism and her awareness of feminist issues became increasingly stronger during the late 1960s. Already confronted with a lack of day-care facilities for her young child, while also dealing with a back disability, Smeal realized there was no disability insurance for wives and mothers. It was this issue that pushed Smeal into researching further into feminism. Then in 1968, Smeal began a term lasting four years on the board of the local League of Women Voters, and then two years later, joined (along with her husband) the National Organization for Women (NOW). Newspapers in the 1970s described her as the first housewife to lead the National Organization for Women.

Political activism
Smeal joined the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1970 and served as president from 1977 to 1982 and again from 1985 to 1987. During this time, in 1986, she led the first national pro-choice march, which drew over 100,000 activists to Washington, DC.

After leaving NOW in 1987, Smeal saw a need for a new feminist organization that combined research, educational outreach, and political action. A 1986 Newsweek/Gallup poll reported that 56% of women in the US self-identify as feminists. Smeal reconciled her vision of a new feminist organization and the task of empowering women and men who support equity by cofounding the Feminist Majority Foundation in 1987.

Several legislative measures bear Smeal's imprint including the Free Access to Clinic Entrances legislation (influenced by Madsen v. Women's Health Center) that President Bill Clinton signed into law in 1994, the unsuccessful attempt to defeat Proposition 209 in California, the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, the Equal Credit Act, the Civil Rights Restoration Act, the Violence Against Women Act, the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act, the Civil Rights Act of 1991 and the unsuccessful 1970s and 1980s fight to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment.

First Term of Presidency (1977-1979)
Eleanor Smeal was first elected as the President of NOW in 1977, preceded by President Karen DeCrow. In total, Smeal was elected as NOW's President three times.

Smeal was elected at a time when conference delegates had authorized a NOW ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) Strike Force to campaign for ratification. Upon hearing that the deadline for the ratification for ERA, Smeal convinced Elizabeth Holztman, a member of the United States House of Representatives, to bring the proposal to Congress. In this time of great desire for equal rights, Smeal played a key role and was a major organizer of the 1978 March for ERA. This march brought over 100,000 marchers and as a result, Congress voted to extend the deadline for ERA to June 30, 1982.

Second Term of Presidency (1979-1982)
In 1979, Smeal was reelected as NOW's President, running for her second term as the head of the organization. In her second run as President, Smeal focused her efforts on making Social Security more fair for women, testifying against restrictions on abortion funding for military personnel and their dependents, and Lesbian and Gay rights. Smeal led NOW organizers to help stage the 1979 National March for Lesbian and Gay rights.

At the time of Smeal's second term of Presidency in NOW, Ronald Reagan was also elected as the United States President. Around the time of his inauguration in January, Smeal and the NOW organization launched and led a national campaign to stop Reagan's anti-abortion "Human Life Amendment." Smeal was also the first person to coin the term "gender gap" when she analyzed in the National NOW Times just how different the votes by men versus the votes by women really are. Despite the grand efforts made by NOW during Smeal's presidency to get the ERA ratified, towards the end of Smeal's second term in 1982, the Amendment was shy three states and therefore did not get passed.

At the end of her second term, which lasted longer than a traditional two-year term due to the decision to allow Smeal to continue her efforts, uninterrupted, on ratifying the ERA, Smeal had boosted NOW to a whopping 220,000 members and a budget of $13 million annually. While Smeal worked extensively on the ERA, some members felt that she lacked focus in areas such as minority and abortion rights, which became part of the focus of Smeal's successor, Judy Goldsmith.

Third Term of Presidency (1985-1987)
Smeal's run for presidency the third time around was hard-fought against previous President Judy Goldsmith. Smeal initially supported Goldsmith when she ran for Presidency after Smeal's second term, but now challenged Goldsmith the second time around. Smeal, during a telephone interview, stated that while she and Goldsmith did not differ on the philosophical concepts of equal rights, they differed on the political realities of how to obtain those rights to the fullest. Much of the campaign focused not on the issues the candidates themselves supported, but rather on their tactical approaches towards the issues.

One of the biggest reasons Smeal decided to run for yet another term as President was not only due to the support of many other NOW members, but from her wish that NOW could be more outspoken, assertive, and publicly active on multiple different issues. These issues included abortion rights, on the role of women in the church, and the Vatican's policy on reproduction. Smeal also noted that while Goldsmith was in power the organization lost its focus and membership declined and she wanted to do something about that.

In July 1985, Smeal won by a 139-vote margin over Goldsmith. Upon being elected for the third and final time as NOW's President, Smeal stated she would continue Goldsmith's efforts on reproductive rights as well as set forth plans to stage a reproductive rights march for the next year. This march, which took place in 1986 was the first March for Women's Lives and brought over 150,000 people to Washington and Los Angeles in support of women's reproductive rights. In 1987 Smeal also founded the Feminist Majority.

Work on behalf of the Equal Rights Amendment
Smeal is a longtime supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and has campaigned for its passage since the 1970s. She has campaigned for the ERA for over fifty years. In January 2022 she led a rally outside of Lafayette Square in front of the White House exactly two years after Virginia became the 38th state to ratify the Amendment in January 2020. Smeal continues to lobby for the ratification of the ERA and is one of the most prominent activists for its passage.

Recognition
In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Smeal's name and picture.

Also in 1979, Time magazine chose her as one of 50 Faces for America's Future (August 6, 1979).

In 1983, World Almanac chose Smeal as one of the most influential women in the United States.

In 2010 Smeal delivered the commencement address at Rutgers University's graduation and was conferred a Doctorate of Human Letters honoris causa.

In 2015 Smeal was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.

U.S. News & World Report chose her as the fourth most influential Washington lobbyist.

Writing
In 1980 she coined the term "gender gap" in reference to a difference in how men and women vote by political party; the term is now commonly used in writing with that meaning. Her 1984 book How and Why Women Will Elect the Next President successfully identified a gender gap in politics.

She contributed the piece "The Art of Building Feminist Institutions to Last" to the 2003 anthology Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium, edited by Robin Morgan.

title: Eleanor Smeal


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Talk:Food-mass feeder

I don't understand what this article is trying to say. Joyous 17:02, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)

I've tagged this with cleanup/verify, as I can't find any mention of the term "food-mass feeder" outside Wikipedia and its mirrors. Joyous 01:07, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * Bulk feeder is the correct term, but it should be merged into feeding. Richard001 07:39, 11 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Food-mass feeder


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Carl Carlsson Mörner

Carl Carlsson Mörner (1 December 1755 in Jönköping – 24 June 1821 in Stockholm) was a Swedish nobleman, officer, and politician. After rising through the ranks after being accepted as a cadet in 1771, he was made field marshal in 1816, and served as Governor-general of Norway from 1816 to 1818. He was made count of Tuna in 1800. He was married to Charlotta Arfwedson, was commonly known to be his political adviser.

title: Carl Carlsson Mörner