text:
Talk:Myristicin

Source question
"It causes brain damage." Is there a source for this claim, is it an absolutely known and demonstrated fact, or just a supposition, and even if supposed, what studies support this? Whig 04:07, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

NPOV dispute
The "probable neurotoxic effects" also need to be properly sourced, and while I would rather not remove information which may in fact be well-established, there seems to be a POV here against use of nutmeg for psychoactive effects, based on the claim that it causes permanent harm, which may or may not even be true. Whig 04:12, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I agree, and think that if nothing else the statement "It causes brain damage." needs to be removed until a reliable source can be found saying that it does. I did a Google search, and the only articles I can find which contain "myristicin" and "brain damage" are unrelated, forum discussions, or WP mirrors. Mistercow 20:33, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

Myristicin-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. from pubmed see that, is not an evidence but...

in order to further the completeness of this article there must be information dealing with isolation and solubilities as well as decomposition temperature, method of action, LD50, perhaps a copypasta of the history of the uses. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.101.16.212 (talk) 15:14, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

The drug made me extremely sensitive to my senses. Sudden unexpected things caused intense pain. I will never forget lying in bed trying to chill out WHEN SUDDENLY PHONE RINGS PAIN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 124.191.134.10 (talk) 12:14, 11 December 2013 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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Material from "Uses" section moved here for further review
...and editing and return to article, if other editors warrant its inclusion. Here are the parts that were removed, as noted in the Edit summaries, because the content was poorly sourced, or distorted the scope away from many studies of licit uses, to illicit uses of the compound. As well, placing long lists of primary sources at end of paragraph was seen to be a problem, because it ignores WP guidelines (requiring secondary sources), and reduces reader confidence because it makes verifiability of individual facts very difficult. Here is the portion of text moved here: Nutmeg has psychoactive properties at doses much higher than used in cooking. Although these intoxications may be ascribed to the actions of myristicin, it is likely that other components of nutmeg may also be involved, as ingestion of pure myristicin has been found not to produce the same results obtained from ingestion of the entire nutmeg. ...

Intoxications with nutmeg had effects that varied from person to person, but were often reported to be an excited and confused state with headaches, nausea and dizziness, dry mouth, bloodshot eyes and memory disturbances. Nutmeg was also reported to induce hallucinogenic effects, such as visual distortions and paranoid ideation. Most patients with accidental nutmeg intoxication experience high anxiety and an impending sense of doom after the initial excitation. In the reports, nutmeg intoxication took several hours before maximum effect was reached. Effects and after-effects lasted up to several days.

If editors have the time, please review the material against the sources provided, decide if the material is useful in the article with the new Use content that was added, find relevant secondary sources (to substantiate what is now primary source-only material), remove any material inaccurate to good secondary sources, and return the useful and properly sourced content to the article. 2601:246:C700:2DB2:48E8:C38:B886:A274 (talk) 00:34, 9 June 2019 (UTC)

Sources do not cover claim that myristicin has anticholinergic toxicity
In my opinion, the two references listed do not support that myristicin has anticholigernic properties. Both are secondary sources that can be tracked back to a case report that goes misrepresented:
 * The case report of hospitalization is of nutmeg intoxication, not myristicin.
 * The case report merely observes the symptoms of nutmeg intoxication resemble the presentation of anticholinergic toxidrome. In fact, the case report remarks that it should not be confused with nutmeg intoxication in the ER. It then states that myristicin is thought to be the principal cause of nutmeg intoxication, which is what the two references seem to have clung onto.

Note for editors: Conflating the effects of myristcin with those of nutmeg is common. Although myristicin is thought to be the main culprit of nutmeg intoxication in the medical world, conclusions about myristicin as an isolated chemical should not be taken from observations of nutmeg. It is not the only substance with pharmacological relevance present in nutmeg. — Tyryny (talk) 21:39, 21 June 2021 (UTC)

assorted problems
but ? (suggest "that seems") unlikely since no MMDA was found in urine, in the body it produces hallucinogenic effects, - & change both ,s to ;s

Physiological effects - Psychoactive effects - elemicin, eugenol, and safrole - capitalize Elemicin

you see everything glitch all around you, breath? (presumably should be breathe), and morph

Overall, nutmeg is more alike? to? that? of? (change to like) a cannabinoid

Metabolites - Myristicin is also formed? (suggest transformed) into demethylenylmyristicin, (change, to &) dihydroxymyristicin, (recommend changing , to . & deleting rest of sentence)

Research on breakdown of myristicin. - sentence fragment

Toxicity - P450 enzymes in humans, which is (change to are) responsible 71.114.47.49 (talk) 04:56, 3 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Myristicin


text:
TSS Kanowna

TSS Kanowna, was an Australian steamer built during 1902. The 6,993-ton, 126 m long Kanowna was constructed by William Denny and Brothers of Dumbarton, Scotland, and had a twin screw design.

Operational history
Kanowna was operated by the Australian United Steam Navigation Company (AUSNC), and it served the Sydney to Fremantle route.

During August and September 1914, Kanowna was requisitioned by the Australian military to transport 1,000 soldiers to German New Guinea as part of the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force. Sailing late from Townsville on 8 August, the ship was forced to anchor off Thursday Island until 16 August, and did not arrive off Port Moresby until 6 September. The expeditionary force sailed the next day for Rabaul, but Kanowna fell behind the rest of the convoy, with the ship's master signalling to HMAS Sydney (1912) that his crew had mutinied: the boiler stokers and firemen had stopped work. In Arthur Jose's Royal Australian Navy-focused volume of the Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918, he claims that the mutiny was because these men refused to leave Australian waters, but Tom Frame and Kevin Baker state in Mutiny! that this is incorrect; the troopship was on short rations of food and water because of the delays sailing north and only minimal resupply in Port Moresby, but the stokers and firemen were requesting more water to remain hydrated in the hot boilerrooms and to wash off coal grime, and refused to work until this demand was met. The workers were taken into the custody of a party of soldiers, and the force's commander ordered Kanowna to return to Townsville, with soldiers volunteering to keep the ship running. The Australian Commonwealth Naval Board conducted an inquiry into the mutiny, even though as a civilian vessel, Kanowna technically wasn't under their jurisdiction. The state of the supplies was seen as a major contributing factor to the sailors' actions. Kanowna was returned to her owners on 21 September.

On 1 June 1915, the vessel was requisitioned again for military service. Kanowna transported soldiers and supplies to Egypt, then made for England, where she was modified for use as a hospital ship. After completion, Kanowna could carry 452 wounded in cots, along with a medical staff of 88 in addition to her regular crew. Sailing in September, Kanowna was used to transport Royal Army Medical Corps personnel to locations throughout the Mediterranean, then collected wounded Australian personnel and transported them home. She would make a total of 10 voyages between Australia and England in the next three years, although some runs were made to England with British wounded. In May 1917, the unrestricted submarine warfare campaign forced the ship to sail around Africa instead of through the Mediterranean: the nurses and medical staff were transported overland from Durban to London, and used to supplement hospital personnel until Kanowna arrived in July. In October 1918, after the war's end, the hospital ship was sent to collect 900 British and Commonwealth prisoners-of-war that had been interred in Turkey. Kanowna was returned to the AUSNC on 29 July 1919, and she resumed passenger and cargo service.

Fate
On 18 February 1929, Kanowna ran into rocks near Cleft Island while on a voyage between Sydney and Melbourne. Passengers were transferred to SS Mackarra. Although it was initially thought that Kanowna could be saved by beaching, the ship's boilers had gone out. The crew were taken aboard SS Dumosa, and Kanowna sank the following morning. A court of inquiry found the ship's master at fault for the loss, as he did not slow his ship or exercise due caution in the foggy conditions.

The exact location of the shipwreck was unknown until 2005. On 23 April, four divers found a shipwreck 50 km into Bass Strait and submerged in approximately 80 m of water, which was believed to be the former merchant ship. A more detailed inspection of the wreck site on 8 May allowed the divers to match the wreck with drawings of Kanowna.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: TSS Kanowna


text:
Signaling protocol

A signaling protocol is a type of communications protocol for encapsulating the signaling between communication endpoints and switching systems to establish or terminate a connection and to identify the state of connection.

The following is a list of signaling protocols:
 * ALOHA
 * Digital Subscriber System No. 1 (EDSS1)
 * Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling
 * H.248
 * H.323
 * H.225.0
 * Jingle
 * Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)
 * Megaco
 * Regional System R1
 * NBAP (Node B Application Part)
 * Signalling System R2
 * Session Initiation Protocol
 * Signaling System No. 5
 * Signaling System No. 6
 * Signaling System No. 7
 * Skinny Client Control Protocol (SCCP, Skinny)
 * Q.931
 * QSIG

title: Signaling protocol


text: Talk:Netscape

title: Talk:Netscape


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yam HaTalmud

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete Zzyzx11 (Talk) 16:14, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Yam HaTalmud
"Yam HaTalmud" appears to be an expression or phrase that means something like "the ocean of Torah study". There also appears to be a book called "Yam HaTalmud". This article speaks of a "much storied torah journal of the Lander College for Men ... featuring Torah summaries and novellae from such luminaries as Asher Mendelsberg".

"Yam HaTalmud" gets no google hits when paired with any of "Lander College" or "Asher Mendelsberg". Also, the article speaks of its "pending publication is eagerly anticipated throughout the Diaspora", which could mean that the thing hasn't even been published at all. I am assuming vanity and a lack of verifiablity. func (talk) 04:12, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. func (talk) 04:12, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 07:36, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:Reduction (linguistics)

 * sez (says)

Excuse me, but how is sez a reduction of says? It's pronounced the same and it's only a more phonetic spelling than says.

 * it's not — ishwar  (SPEAK)  04:58, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)

 * It's one letter shorter than says, isn't it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.167.136.139 (talk) 05:00, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

This article has been kept following this VFD debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:53, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reduction (linguistics)


text:
Angiogenesis inhibitor

An angiogenesis inhibitor is a substance that inhibits the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Some angiogenesis inhibitors are endogenous and a normal part of the body's control and others are obtained exogenously through pharmaceutical drugs or diet.

While angiogenesis is a critical part of wound healing and other favorable processes, certain types of angiogenesis are associated with the growth of malignant tumors. Thus angiogenesis inhibitors have been closely studied for possible cancer treatment. Angiogenesis inhibitors were once thought to have potential as a "silver bullet" treatment applicable to many types of cancer, but the limitations of anti-angiogenic therapy have been shown in practice. Currently, angiogenesis inhibitors are recognized for their improvement of cancer immunotherapy by overcoming endothelial cell anergy. Angiogenesis inhibitors are also used to effectively treat macular degeneration in the eye, and other diseases that involve a proliferation of blood vessels.

Mechanism of action
When a tumor stimulates the growth of new vessels, it is said to have undergone an 'angiogenic switch'. The principal stimulus for this angiogenic switch appears to be oxygen deprivation, although other stimuli such as inflammation, oncogenic mutations and mechanical stress may also play a role. The angiogenic switch leads to tumor expression of pro-angiogenic factors and increased tumor vascularization. Specifically, tumor cells release various pro-angiogenic paracrine factors (including angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). These stimulate endothelial cell proliferation, migration and invasion resulting in new vascular structures sprouting from nearby blood vessels. Cell adhesion molecules, such as integrins, are critical to the attachment and migration of endothelial cells to the extracellular matrix.

VEGF pathway inhibition
Inhibiting angiogenesis requires treatment with anti-angiogenic factors, or drugs which reduce the production of pro-angiogenic factors, prevent them binding to their receptors or block their actions. Inhibition of the VEGF pathway has become the focus of angiogenesis research, as approximately 60% of malignant tumors express high concentrations of VEGF. Strategies to inhibit the VEGF pathway include antibodies directed against VEGF or VEGFR, soluble VEGFR/VEGFR hybrids, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The most widely used VEGF pathway inhibitor on the market today is Bevacizumab. Bevacizumab binds to VEGF and inhibits it from binding to VEGF receptors.

Endogenous regulation
Angiogenesis is regulated by the activity of endogenous stimulators and inhibitors. Endogenous inhibitors, found in the body naturally, are involved in the day-to-day process of regulating blood vessel formation. Endogenous inhibitors are often derived from the extracellular matrix or basement membrane proteins and function by interfering with endothelial cell formation and migration, endothelial tube morphogenesis, and down-regulation of genes expressed in endothelial cells.

During tumor growth, the action of angiogenesis stimulators surpasses the control of angiogenesis inhibitors, allowing for unregulated or less regulated blood vessel growth and formation. Endogenous inhibitors are attractive targets for cancer therapy because they are less toxic and less likely to lead to drug resistance than some exogenous inhibitors. However, the therapeutic use of endogenous inhibitors has disadvantages. In animal studies, high doses of inhibitors were required to prevent tumor growth and the use of endogenous inhibitors would likely be long-term.

A recent method for the delivery of anti-angiogenesis factors to tumor regions in cancer patients uses genetically modified bacteria that are able to colonize solid tumors in vivo, such as Clostridium, Bifidobacteria and Salmonella by adding genes for anti-angiogenic factors such as endostatin or IP10 chemokine and removing any harmful virulence genes. A target can also be added to the outside of the bacteria so that they are sent to the correct organ in the body. The bacteria can then be injected into the patient and they will locate themselves to the tumor site, where they release a continual supply of the desired drugs in the vicinity of a growing cancer mass, preventing it from being able to gain access to oxygen and ultimately starving the cancer cells. This method has been shown to work both in vitro and in vivo in mice models, with very promising results. It is expected that this method will become commonplace for treatment of various cancer types in humans in the future.

Diet
Some common components of human diets also act as mild angiogenesis inhibitors and have therefore been proposed for angioprevention, the prevention of metastasis through the inhibition of angiogenesis. In particular, the following foods contain significant inhibitors and have been suggested as part of a healthy diet for this and other benefits:

 * Soy products such as tofu and tempeh, (which contain the inhibitor "genistein")
 * Agaricus subrufescens mushrooms (contain the inhibitors sodium pyroglutamate and ergosterol)
 * Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) extract
 * Lingzhi mushrooms (via inhibition of VEGF and TGF-beta)
 * Trametes versicolor mushrooms (Polysaccharide-K)
 * Maitake mushrooms (via inhibition of VEGF)
 * Phellinus linteus mushrooms (via active substance Interfungins A inhibition of glycation)
 * Green tea (catechins)
 * Liquorice (glycyrrhizic acid)
 * Red wine (resveratrol)
 * Antiangiogenic phytochemicals and medicinal herbs
 * Royal Jelly (Queen bee acid)

Drugs
Research and development in this field has been driven largely by the desire to find better cancer treatments. Tumors cannot grow larger than 2mm without angiogenesis. By stopping the growth of blood vessels, scientists hope to cut the means by which tumors can nourish themselves and thus metastasize.

In addition to their use as anti-cancer drugs, angiogenesis inhibitors are being investigated for their use as anti-obesity agents, as blood vessels in adipose tissue never fully mature, and are thus destroyed by angiogenesis inhibitors. Angiogenesis inhibitors are also used as treatment for the wet form of macular degeneration. By blocking VEGF, inhibitors can cause regression of the abnormal blood vessels in the retina and improve vision when injected directly into the vitreous humor of the eye.

Bevacizumab
Through binding to VEGFR and other VEGF receptors in endothelial cells, VEGF can trigger multiple cellular responses like promoting cell survival, preventing apoptosis, and remodeling cytoskeleton, all of which promote angiogenesis. Bevacizumab (brand name Avastin) traps VEGF in the blood, lowering the binding of VEGF to its receptors. This results in reduced activation of the angiogenesis pathway, thus inhibiting new blood vessel formation in tumors.

After a series of clinical trials in 2004, Avastin was approved by the FDA, becoming the first commercially available anti-angiogenesis drug. FDA approval of Avastin for breast cancer treatment was later revoked on November 18, 2011.

Thalidomide
Despite the therapeutic potential of anti-angiogenesis drugs, they can also be harmful when used inappropriately. Thalidomide is one such antiangiogenic agent. Thalidomide was given to pregnant women to treat nausea. However, when pregnant women take an antiangiogenic agent, the developing fetus will not form blood vessels properly, thereby preventing the proper development of fetal limbs and circulatory systems. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, thousands of children were born with deformities, most notably phocomelia, as a consequence of thalidomide use.

Cannabinoids
According to a study published in the August 15, 2004 issue of the journal Cancer Research, cannabinoids, the active ingredients in marijuana, restrict the sprouting of blood vessels to gliomas (brain tumors) implanted under the skin of mice, by inhibiting the expression of genes needed for the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Bleeding
Bleeding is one of the most difficult side effects to manage; this complication is somewhat inherent to the effectiveness of the drug. Bevacizumab has been shown to be the drug most likely to cause bleeding complications. While the mechanisms of bleeding induced by anti-VEGF agents are complicated and not yet totally understood, the most accepted hypothesis is that VEGF could promote endothelial cell survival and integrity in the adult vasculature and its inhibition may decrease capacity for renewal of damaged endothelial cells.

Increased blood pressure
In a study done by ML Maitland, a mean blood pressure increase of 8.2 mm Hg systolic and 6.5 mm Hg diastolic was reported in the first 24 hours after the first treatment with sorafenib, a VEGF pathway inhibitor.

Less common side effects
Because these drugs act on parts of the blood and blood vessels, they tend to have side effects that affect these processes. Aside from problems with hemorrhage and hypertension, less common side effects of these drugs include dry, itchy skin, hand-foot syndrome (tender, thickened areas on the skin, sometimes with blisters on palms and soles), diarrhea, fatigue, and low blood counts. Angiogenesis inhibitors can also interfere with wound healing and cause cuts to re-open or bleed. Rarely, perforations (holes) in the intestines can occur.

title: Angiogenesis inhibitor


text:
List of Picasso artworks 1961–1970

This is a partial list of artworks produced by Pablo Picasso from 1961 to 1970.

 * 1961, The Dance of Youth
 * 1961, Les Freres Sole
 * 1961, Jacqueline
 * 1961, Luncheon on the Grass
 * 1961, La Chaise
 * 1962, Côte d'Azur
 * 1962 Jacqueline au ruban jaune (Jacqueline with a Yellow Ribbon), cut and painted sheet metal, National Gallery of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
 * 1962, Bust of a Woman with a Hat (Private Collection)
 * 1962, Femme au Chien, Wynn Fine Art, Florida
 * 1963, Nu assis dans un fauteuil (See the picture and description here)
 * 1963, Man and Woman, etching, aquatint and drypoint on paper, University of Michigan Museum of Art
 * 1963, Le Peintre, destroyed in 1998 in the crash of Swissair Flight 111.
 * 1964, The Smoker, Aquatint on paper.
 * 1965, The Picasso Sculpture, a sculpture in Kristinehamn Sweden depicting Pablo Picasso's wife Jaqueline.
 * 1966, Woman with Bird, aquatint on paper, University of Michigan Museum of Art
 * 1966, Artist in His Studio (L'atelier de l'artiste), aquatint, etching and drypoint on paper, University of Michigan Museum of Art
 * 1967, 15 August, the Chicago Picasso is unveiled at Chicago's Richard J. Daley Center Plaza.
 * 1967, Femme nue à l'oiseau et joueur de flûte (See the picture and description here)
 * 1967, Woman and Musketeer, oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art
 * 1968, Standing Nude and Seated Musketeer, oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art
 * 1968, Etreinte (The Embrace), etching on paper, University of Michigan Museum of Art
 * 1968, Homme Arretant un Cheval Devant une Femme, etching and aquatint
 * 1968, Homme et femme nus, Painted in Mougins on 13 November 1968
 * 1969, Hombre sentado con pipa (L'homme à la pipe assis)
 * 1969, Man with the Golden Helmet
 * 1969, The Kiss
 * 1969, El Toro
 * 1969, Toro Y Toreros
 * 1969, El Buho
 * 1970, The Matador
 * 1970, The Fisherman, Regjeringskvartalet, Oslo, Norway.
 * 1970, Young Spanish Peasant, color lithograph

title: List of Picasso artworks 1961–1970


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sean Gaynor

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 08:05, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

Sean Gaynor
Probable hoax. Google for ("Sean Gaynor" dragons) gives 0 hits. --Xcali 04:13, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC) Don't delete, looks all legitimate to me. Just because all you fucking idiots use google to verify any fact on the planet doesn't make it true! If google told you that Bill Clinton was still the president of the USA would you take down all pages involving George W. Bush???
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 07:36, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete reads like a possible hoax and cannot verify it. MarkS 19:47, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)#
 * Delete Agree with points made above. Forbsey 23:24, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax/unverified. --Etacar11 00:43, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Who? Not notable! Next! ShureMicGuy 19:12, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Account created today, all edits are to VfD. RickK 22:49, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * DONT DELETE Good read, you dont let the truth get in the way of a good yarn ya tossers

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Baba Sali

Israel Abuhatzeira (ר׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל אַבּוּחַצִירָא), known as the Baba Sali (بابا صلى, בַּאבָּא סָאלִי, lit. "Praying Father") (1889–1984) was a leading Moroccan Sephardic rabbi and kabbalist who was renowned for his alleged ability to work miracles through his prayers. His burial place in Netivot, Israel has become a shrine for prayers and petitioners.

Early life and family

Israel Abuhatzeira was born on Rosh Hashanah 5650 (1889). He was the scion of the distinguished Abu Hasira/Abuhatzeira family of Sephardic Torah scholars and tzadikim who were also known as baalei mofet (miracle workers). He is the grandson of Yaakov Abuhatzeira. The patriarch of this family was Shmuel Abuhatzeira. Born in the land of Israel, Shmuel lived in Damascus for a while, where he studied Torah together with Chaim Vital. In Shem Hagedolim, Chaim Joseph David Azulai described Shmuel as "an ish Elohim kadosh (a holy man of God). Wise people speak of his might and wonders in saving the Jewish community from many difficulties."

Shmuel and his family eventually moved to the city of Tafilalt, Morocco, where Shmuel's son Mas'ud (Moshe in Hebrew) became the rabbi of the city. Mas'ud's son, Yaakov, known as the Avir Yaakov, succeeded his father as rabbi of Tafilalt. Yaakov's eldest son, Mas'ud, became an av beit din in the same city, and it was here that his son, Israel, was born.

Abuhatzeira's family lived on a large estate which included a yeshiva where young scholars studied night and day. The beit din (rabbinical court) of his father, Mas'ud, was also located on the premises. His older brother, David, studied by himself in an attic. On the rare times that Mas'ud traveled, he would cover his eyes with his cape to avoid seeing inappropriate sights.

As a child, Abuhatzeira was a diligent Torah scholar, studying day and night. At the age of 12, he began to fast during the six weeks of Shovavim. Knowing his parents would not let him continue, he hid his fasting from them, but his brother, David, noticed how weak and pale he was. Though David urged him to stop, Yisrael continued his fasting.

After his bar mitzvah, he entered his family's yeshiva, where the students rose at midnight for Tikkun Chatzot and then studied Kabbalistic works until dawn, when they would go to the mikveh, pray the morning service, and eat breakfast. This was followed by in-depth gemara study, the afternoon prayers, and a shiur in Shulchan Aruch.

Later years
In 1951, Abuhatzeira immigrated to Israel and settled in Lod where he tried to conceal himself from the public. However, he was soon discovered and offered the position of Chief Rabbi of Lod, which he declined. He then moved to Baka, Jerusalem where he managed to keep a low profile for a while, without his neighbors even knowing who he was. Again, he was eventually "discovered" and after the death of Chief Rabbi of Israel, Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel in 1953, he was offered the position, which he also turned down.

Several years after his arrival in Israel, the news reached Abuhatzeira that Jewish life in Morocco had spiritually deteriorated greatly, so he returned to his country of birth to lead and inspire the community there. In 1964, he returned to Israel again and soon settled in Netivot, a city in the Negev. He received visitors from all over, asking him for blessings and advice.

Funeral and tomb
Abuhatzeira died in 1984 (4 Shevat 5744). His funeral was attended by an estimated 100,000 people. His gravesite in Netivot has become a popular pilgrimage site in Israel. On the anniversary of his death, thousands come to visit his tomb and pray.

title: Baba Sali


text:
User:Miq

 * Dead-end pages
 * Template:Convert
 * /sandbox
 * Manual of Style
 * Stub_categories
 * Duplicate_articles
 * Copyright_problems
 * Criteria for speedy deletion
 * Most_wanted_articles
 * Lonelypages
 * List of missing Africa topics

title: User:Miq


text:
Talk:Cracked Actor

Untitled
It was whilst watching this documentary that Nicolas Roeg decided that David would be the perfect leading actor in his film The Man Who Fell To Earth

External links modified
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title: Talk:Cracked Actor


text:
Talk:Abenaki

Clarity
This sentence, from the second paragraph makes no sense:

 * ''Note, however, that the tribes of the Five Nations in what is now New York State, were linguistically segregated from the other Algonquian tribes in the northeast, such as the Mohawk, Monhegan, Onondaga, and Iroquois.

The Five Nations, aka the Iroquois were the Seneca, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga and Mohawks. The article is mixing apples and grapes. Mohawks and Onondagas were Iroquois. Also there were no such people as the "Monhegan" in this area. There were Mahicans and Mohegans. Some research and work on this is clearly needed. Meanwhile, I will remove it from the article. Sunray 04:17, 2005 Jun 7 (UTC)

 * Additionally, I think the page could profit from an expansion of the 20th century history of the Abenakis. I have also done a lot of work with the language and will be adding a short summation of the recent history and current situation of that. JesseBeach 18:09, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Western Abenaki, Eastern Abenaki
hi. this article obviously treats the Western Abenaki and the Eastern Abenaki as if they were the same group. they are not and speak different languages. – ishwar  (speak)  22:54, 28 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The Western Abenakis become the main Abenaki Tribe, while the Eastern Abenakis become the Penobscot. In this article, as long as the two are made clear with more of the focus on the Western Abenaki, I think it would be fine.  However, the bigger problem with this article is how it confuses "Abenaki" with "Wabanaki" and muddles the article with discussions regarding the Mi'kmaq, Maliseet and Passamaquoddy.  I have put together a stub-article on the Wabanaki Confederacy and made the Wabanaki redirect page be a disambiguation page.  Hopefully, those two pages will begin the path of untagling this article into shape. CJLippert 17:46, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Sentences removed
I have removed the following sentences because of their biased tone. (It's possible they're from a contemporary source and belong in quotation marks, but no source was cited.)

Text removed:

"They remained unalterably attached to the Faith, and during the Revolution, when Washington sent to ask them to join with the colonies against England, they assented on condition that a Catholic priest should be sent to them. Some of the chaplains of the French fleet communicated with them, promising to comply with their request, but beyond that nothing was done." — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kbakis (talk • contribs) 14:58, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Map
I think it would be nice to have a map of where the Abenaki lived, but I have no idea how to make one. A good resource for where they live is this article itself, and this site. Good luck to whoever makes it! íslenskur fel lib ylur #12 (samtal) 17:37, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Sentences and Questions
They took sides with the French and maintained an increasing hostility against encroachments of the English. When? Why? As part of what historical event? This sentence has no context. How did the French recruit their help? What kind of encroachments of the English?

This section says nothing of the skirmishes—there had to be some kind hostility.

When their principal town, Norridgewock, was taken, and their missionary, Rasle, was killed (1724), the greater part of them emigrated to St. Francis in the province of Quebec, Canada, where other refugees from the New England tribes had preceded them. Who took their town? Why? How was it taken?

The third paragraph is confusing because it describes a planned colony and work without any indication of what they are! It is as if these paragraphs have been extracted from their contexts, and together seem to describe nebulous events.

The article has a link to Abenaki mythology but no section for it. It says little about the culture; how they dressed; the government and power hierarchy; what weapons they had; what they ate; how they are related to other tribes; and so on.

subsequent isolation of each small remnant of the greater whole onto reservations during and after the French and Indian War well before the US government began acknowledging the sovereignty of native tribes in the late twentieth century. Again this describes something without any background. Rintrah 13:27, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for copyediting portions of the article, and thank you for noting these problems. I will fix them when I rewrite the history section, which most of these are part of, as I have not done that section yet. íslenskur fel lib ylur #12 (samtal) 22:17, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

 * You're welcome. I am pleased to hear the article is being improved. I will come back later to read the result — I am curious about this tribe now. Rintrah 07:02, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

Photo
The man in the photograph is wearing regalia from the Plains tribes, not Abenaki. The Abenaki did not wear bone breast plates or deer roaches on their heads. They dressed with turkey feathers and deerskin leggings. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 204.62.203.19 (talk • contribs).

Wabanaki not Abenaki
References I have seen ( http://www.native-languages.org/wabanaki.htm and http://www.abenakination.org/history.html ) indicate that the Abenaki are one of several tribes that together are referred to as Wabanaki. In that case, shouldn't the redirect from Wabanaki be removed and a separate page be created? Wseltzer 19:16, 21 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. I was looking at the article and was noticing how Abenaki, Mi'kmaq and Maliseet words are jumbled together and realised that the article is getting Wabanaki peoples (the larger collective that also includes the Penobscots and the Passamaquoddys to the mentioned three) to form the Wabanaki Confederacy with the specific tribe, the Abenaki peoples.  CJLippert 06:07, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

"related groups" info removed from infobox
For dedicated editors of this page: The "Related Groups" info was removed from all Infobox Ethnic group infoboxes. Comments may be left on the Ethnic groups talk page. Ling.Nut 23:44, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Vandalism
Article seems to have been vandalized...anyone notice? Can you fix it? I don't know enough about Abenaki to know the depth of the damage. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.15.124.10 (talk) 00:17, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Tribe
References on this discussion page, as well as elsewhere refer to Abenaki as a tribe. If they aren't what are the Algonquins, to which the Abenaki belong?

As far as calling them what they call themselves, we're calling them Abenakis, which is presumably what they call themselves. But we can't call them something they are not. Naming is one thing. We use their name. Labeling is something Wikipedia does with references. Student7 (talk) 12:17, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

The Alleged Abenaki of Vermont
90% percent of the people claiming Abenaki descent have not shown any evidence of a genealogical nature, to prove that they are who they say they are. Why is this? If the legitimate Abenaki do exist in Vermont and New Hampshire then there ought to be no issue or hesitancy to showing the evidence from within the families to validate their ancestry as being from and connected to the Abenaki Peoples of Vermont. If a particular Vermont Abenaki family went to Canada historically-speaking then that evidence should be shown that shows the families was in Vermont or had ties to Vermont genealogically before having left the State. These groups calling themselves Missisquoi-Sokoki, Koasek's, and Nulhegan's may indeed be genealogically not connected to any historical abenaki families in Vermont. If the Eugenics were indeed targeting Vermont based Abenaki descendant families then why didn't the Eugenics people target Trudy Parker's ancestors descendants?, or Jeanne Brink's ancestoral descendants that came from Odanak into Vermont to Thompson's Point?

These groups are not being honest with the Vermont public nor with themselves to my thinking. Or else April St. Francis-Merrill, Frederick Wiseman, Luke Willard, Howard Franklin Knight Jr, and Nancy Millette and these groups members claiming to being Vermont historical Abenaki families would be more than willing to show and share their genealogical evidence and not just keep pointing at Vermont historical maps and moaning and compaling that they are being marginalized and unrecognized by the Vermont Legislature and Governor. Seems to alot of people, that its simply illogical and absurd to recognize any self proclaiming and self-promoting group of alleged Abenakis in Vermont WITHOUT first showing the genealogical evidence to support their assertions, claims, and proclamations. Any other legitimate Native community or Nation would demand that such genealogical evidence be shown by the petitioner(s) to come into and become a part of the Nation, whether it be Penobscots, Passamaquoddies, Miq-Mac's, Lakota's, etc etc. It behooves the States of Vermont and New Hamsphire that if such State Recognition be given, that the State make sure that the evidence genealogically be given by the people seeking such recognition freely, honestly and without hesitation. If there is hesitation, dishonesty, and distorition(s) from these groups calling themselves the Missisquois, the Koaseks, and the Nulhegans etc, which I strongly think there has been, the State of Vermont Legislature and Governor (including the State of New Hampshire) better withhold official State Recognition of ANY GROUP CLAIMING TO BE ABENAKI until they show the genealogical evidence that all of their membership people are genealogically connected to Vermont. Frauds, distortions, and greedy people are attempting to hijack the Vermont historical records out of museums and create the illusions that they are the real deal McCoy Abenakis of Vermont and genealogically it will show that they are not who they appear or claim to be. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Douglaslloydbuchholz (talk • contribs) 06:38, 15 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Meanwhile, Ben & Jerry's continues to occupy their land... :-) https://nypost.com/2022/08/09/israeli-students-accuse-ben-jerrys-of-occupying-tribal-land/ 185.125.226.16 (talk) 13:34, 16 August 2022 (UTC)

Contested statements removed

 * There are two primary dialects of Abenaki: Western Abenaki, the language of the Abenaki community at Odanak, and Eastern Abenaki, represented by the modern language of the Penobscot tribe and the Abenaki linguistic materials of the colonial French missionaries. ((Fact|date=January 2007}}
 * There were numerous cultural differences between the Algonquian tribes and those of the Five Nations, with linguistic and spiritual differences being the most noticeable. ((Fact|date=January 2007}}
 * There are very few native speakers of the original Abenaki language still alive. There are active Abenaki communities in Quebec, Vermont, Maine, and New Hampshire. ((Fact|date=January 2007}}
 * Their language has been preserved in the monumental Abenaki-French dictionary of Sebastian Râle, in Joseph Laurent's 1884 grammar, and in the 1994 dictionary by Gordon Day. ((Fact|date=January 2007}}
 * Goverment section: The Abenaki elected chiefs called Sachems, who usually served for life but could be impeached. They had little actual power, but European colonizers still treated them like monarchs, resulting in many miscommunications and oversimplifications. ((Fact|date=January 2007}}
 * The first record of their encountering Europeans was in 1603, when the English explorer Martin Pring set dogs on them. ((Fact|date=January 2008}}
 * As of the early 1900s, they were represented by the Wolastoqiyik ("People of the good river" – Maliseet) on the St. John River, New Brunswick, and Quebec (on the bay of that name, in Maine (300); the Penobscots, at Old Town, Maine (400), and the Abnakis at St. Francis and Bécancour, Quebec (430). ((Fact|date=January 2007}}
 * The first seigneurie was established on the Saint-François river and is now known as the Odanak Indian Reserve; the second was established on the river Bécancour and is now known as the Wôlinak Indian Reserve. ((Fact|date=January 2007}}
 * In 1980 two small councils united to form the Northeast Woodland-Coos Band, now known as the Koasek Traditional Band. ((Fact|date=February 2007}}
 * In 1604, George Weymouth kidnapped a group and took them to England. ((Fact|date=January 2008}}

Please do not return this information to the article without a citation.-- Birgitte SB  23:53, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

Removed vandalised section
Removed text from the section titled "NAME' due to vandalisation. Text removed was "The Abenaki people call themselves The Porno Gods of Worship, meaning "gay people"'

Also removed entire "Location" section for the same reason. Removed section was: "Their location is secret. They have caves filled with mass porn (Otherwise gay porn). They worship a god only known as gayzilla who terrorizes straight people." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.254.245.122 (talk) 22:59, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the good intentions. The vandal also removed a large amount of text, so I have reverted to an earlier revision.--Ken Gallager (talk) 12:35, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Recent edits to the Abenaki page
I am Ravlin, I have been editing this page and updating it as part of a class assignment. Thank you for your help. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ravlin (talk • contribs) 13:47, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

Please consider adding musician/artist Phoebe Legere as a Notable Person. She's French/Abenaki. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ray Lee Wayne (talk • contribs) 03:59, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

Notes from Oct. 2011 edits to article
I have moved the long, detailed notes from the October 16 edits to here:

NOTE1: According to author Gordon M. Day, "DEGONZAGUE. Abenakis at Odanak agree that this family was a branch of the Obomsawin family, presumably descended from a Degonzague Obomsawin about whom I have found no information. Hallowell got the same information (ca. 1930, Chart 1). He wrote, "I have been told that de Gonzague was originally a personal name associated with Obomsawin as a surname and that gradually the surname [Obomsawin] was dropped and de Gonzague substituted". The first Degonzague in the records is Louis De Gonzague who was war chief in the 1808 Petition to Governor Craig for Francis Annance (PAC, RG 10, vol. 625). We may surmise that the Louis Consack who was head chief in 1819, signing the petition to rebuild the church, was the same man, since the spellings of this document are rather uncouth (BRH 30 [1924]:83). He does not appear in the roster of 1812, but a P.M. Degonzague does. Pronounced in Abenaki dagöza." >

NOTE2: The Robert & de Gonzague families are believed to be a branch of the Obomsawin family. [Day] A document written in 1882 and citing Maurault's history of the Abenaki claims that the Obomsawin family descends from a white captive brought to Odanak during the colonial wars. One researcher believes that Pierre Joseph Robert Obomsawin of Odanak is the son of Joseph Robert Namur whose parents, Henri Joseph Robert dit Namur, originally from Namur, Belgium, and Marguerite Laliberté-Mouilleron, were married at Fort St. Frederick, New York on September 20th, 1751.

NOTE3: Gordon Day wrote, "Sometimes two branches of the same family used their Indian and French names respectively as, for example, Pagon and Claude. The Abenaki name Kepinawos appears in two different abbreviated forms, Pinawans and Capino. The numerous Obomsawin family hived off successively two other families -- the Degonzague family from an early Degonzague Obomsawin and the Robert family from an early Robert Obomsawin."

NOTE4: No evidence has surfaced of any connection with the European family line of Louis 1er de Gonzague, capitaine de Mantoue (1268-1360), which died out when Joseph-Marie de Gonzague (1690-1746), duke of Gastalla, passed on without issue. That said, it is possible that the man who first took the name was inspired by history ... Louis 1er's leadership and Saint Louis' spiritual values.

--Ken Gallager (talk) 14:50, 17 October 2011 (UTC)

Origin of term "Monadnock"?
The Mount Monadnock talk page recently had this question:

 * I'm a British geographer/geologist who has long been familiar with the term 'monadnock' as applies to this form of mountain. Until reading this article I'd never considered for a minute that the name origin might have been anything but an anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic 'monadh' + 'cnoc'; it fits so well. Of course I know next to nothing about native American languages. Can an expert in the Abanaki language assist us here, in case it is a borrowing from Gaelic? Geopersona (talk) 06:14, 2 March 2012 (UTC)

Does anyone who follows this article have knowledge regarding the Abenaki origin of the term "Monadnock"? --Ken Gallager (talk) 13:12, 2 March 2012 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Chipewyan people which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 09:30, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Cayuga people which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 18:44, 13 March 2014 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was moved. --BDD (talk) 22:58, 27 March 2014 (UTC)

Abenaki people → Abenaki – target is redirect to current title moved by Kwami on June 8 2010, contrary to WP:UNDAB, original article created on June 5, 2002 by 207.22.43.38 Skookum1 (talk) 04:09, 20 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose until the issue is addressed properly. These should be discussed at a centralized location.
 * There was a discussion once on whether the ethnicity should have precedence for the name, and it was decided it shouldn't. That could be revisited.  But it really should be one discussion on the principle, not thousands of separate discussions at every ethnicity in the world over whether it should be at "X", "Xs", or "X people".  — kwami (talk) 12:48, 20 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Support per nom. An identified people should be the primary topic of a term absent something remarkable standing in the way. bd2412  T 02:27, 22 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Support as per the policy Article titles and the guideline Naming conventions (ethnicities and tribes). The section Article titles also applies given that Abenaki redirects here. There is no need to redo any guideline as it already supports the un-disabiguated title. CambridgeBayWeather (talk) 04:52, 22 March 2014 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

History before European contact?
Is there any reliable, unbiased history available for this group before european contact? 206.47.95.58 (talk) 23:46, 10 August 2014 (UTC)

 * I was just wondering the same. Since Native Americans did not have any writing that lent itself to recording an historical narrative, what one would want is an account recorded by an Abenaki in his or her own words as soon after European contact as possible.  During the 1500's, long before European settlement, there was a thriving trade with Europe and some Native Americans learned European languages and some Europeans learned Native American languages.  So I think it likely that such an account exists, but I haven't found it yet.  LondonYoung (talk) 14:57, 1 August 2018 (UTC)

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 * Flag of the Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation.jpg

Reference in Robin MacArthur novel
Heart Spring Mountain (2018), a story about Vermont living by Robin MacArthur, weaves references to Abenaki history and culture throughout. It refers respectfully to elements (possibly Romanticized) of Abenaki philosophy, and refers to a couple minor characters with Abenaki ancestry. — Preceding unsigned comment added by AndrewOram (talk • contribs) 17:44, 20 January 2019 (UTC)

Clean up
This article is in serious need of clean up. It is contradictory and lacking in sources. I'm hoping to get to it in a couple of weeks, if anyone else would like to jump in that'd be great. Indigenous girl (talk) 20:31, 4 July 2019 (UTC)

When you just gotta put in your 'information' ...
maybe don't? A paragraph in section Gender, food, division of labor, and other cultural traits starts with sentence:
 * The Abenaki were a patrilineal society, which was common among New England tribes.

The remaining 4 sentences of that paragraph talk about matrilineal systems, including a link to matrilineal.

Isn't it embarrassing to realize you've said "subject is A, but I want to talk about B" and then do so? Shenme (talk) 02:16, 27 December 2019 (UTC)

Please stop removing information about ongoing controversy
I've added the following text under the heading "controversy." Someone removed it. Please help maintain it. While people may disagree with the Abenaki Band Council, their stance is relevant to the topic and should be included.

CONTROVERSY

The Odanak Abenaki Band Council, the governing body of the Odanak band of the Abenaki First Nation, has denounced groups claiming to be Abenaki in the United States. Contemporary scholarship calls into question the legitimacy of ancestry claims made by such groups, suggesting that many members have no Abenaki ancestry or a single Indigenous ancestor many generations removed. This phenomena, sometimes called settler self-indigenization or race-shifting, is strongly critiqued by Indigenous activists and allied settlers who view it as a threat to the sovereignty of Indigenous nations.

Zweetsense (talk) 20:21, 30 January 2021 (UTC)Zweetsense

“Koasek” listed twice?
Why is Koasek listed twice? Is there a missing diacritic or something? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.146.14.193 (talk) 01:09, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

Hairstyle section
There are a lot of dicey, non-citations throughout this article. This section appears to be original research based on self-published sources. If someone wants to try to rewrite it based on wp:verifiable sources, I'm placing it below. Yuchitown (talk) 00:43, 20 March 2022 (UTC)Yuchitown

Hair style and other marriage traditions
Traditionally, Abenaki men kept their hair long and loose. When a man found a girlfriend, he would tie his hair. When he married, he would attach the hair of the scalp with a piece of leather and shave all but the ponytail. The modernized spiritual version has the man with a girlfriend tying his hair and braiding it. When he marries, he keeps all his hair in a braid, shaving only the side and back of the head. The spiritual meaning surrounding this cut is most importantly to indicate betrothal or fidelity as a married Abenaki man. In much the same way as the Christian marriage tradition, there is an (optional) exchange and blessing of wedding rings. These rings are the outward and visible sign of the unity of this couple.

Changes in the hair style were symbolic of a complex courtship process. The man would give the woman a box made of a fine wood, which was decorated with the virtues of the woman; the woman would give a similar box to the man. Everyone in the tribe must agree to the marriage. They erect a pole planted in the earth, and if anyone disagrees, he strikes the pole. The disagreement must be resolved or the marriage does not happen.

language dictionary translation 174.242.80.84 (talk) 22:33, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

Copyvios?
I've been asked to check this for copyvios. Earwig is turning up a 90% copyvio with myfctagov.ng/1n7jj/abenaki-nation-of-new-hampshire. And 80% with another site. This is a lot. I'll see what I can do here if revisions need to be hidden, but I'm not sure if I have time right now for a full cleanup. - CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 21:54, 1 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Hang on, that site's a mess. Looks like an aggregate site. Still checking the others. - CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 22:01, 1 September 2023 (UTC)
 * This one has 80% but looking at source code to see which is older: https://www.bartletthistory.org/bartletthistory/beginnings.html - CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 22:05, 1 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Abenaki


text: Category:Psychedelic tryptamines

title: Category:Psychedelic tryptamines


text: Category:Monoclonal antibodies

title: Category:Monoclonal antibodies


text:
Talk:Douglas "Pete" Peterson

Public domain source material
FYI, large portions of this page was lifted from http://usembassy.state.gov/posts/vn1/wwwhpete.html which is not a copyright violation since it is a work of the US State Department (public domain). Ackknowledgement would be good though. --ChrisRuvolo (t) 04:19, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Douglas "Pete" Peterson


text:
Marwari horse

The Marwari or Malani is a rare breed of horse from the Marwar (or Jodhpur) region of Rajasthan, in north-west India. It is closely related to the Kathiawari breed of the Kathiawar peninsula of Gujarat, with which it shares an unusual inward-curving shape of the ears. It is found in all equine colours, including piebald and skewbald. It is a hardy riding horse; it may exhibit a natural ambling gait.

The Rathores, traditional rulers of the Marwar region of western India,were the first to breed the Marwari. Beginning in the 12th century, they espoused strict breeding that promoted purity and hardiness. Used throughout history as a cavalry horse by the people of the Marwar region, the Marwari was noted for its loyalty and bravery in battle. The breed deteriorated in the 1930s, when poor management practices resulted in a reduction of the breeding stock, but today has regained some of its popularity. The Marwari is used for light draught and agricultural work, as well as riding and packing. In 1995, a breed society was formed for the Marwari horse in India. The exportation of Marwari horses was banned for decades, but between 2000 and 2006, a small number of exports were allowed. Since 2008, visas allowing temporary travel of Marwari horses outside India have been available in small numbers. Though they are rare they are becoming more popular outside of India due to their unique looks.

History

The origins of the Marwari are obscure. It is thought to descend from the warhorses of the Rajput warriors of the Marwar and Mewar regions of Rajasthan, with subsequent influence of horses of Turkoman type brought to the area by Mughal invaders in the sixteenth century. Unlike the Kathiawari, the Marwari shows little Arab influence. In the late sixteenth century Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, in his Ain-i-Akbari, says that the finest horses in India were those of Kutch, and recounts a myth that an Arab ship carrying seven fine Arab horses was shipwrecked on the shore of that district; Kutch is in modern Gujarat, while Marwar is in Rajasthan. Abu'l-Fazl also makes clear that the Emperor Akbar had about twelve thousand horses in his court stables, and that there were constant arrivals of new horses from all parts of the Islamic world. There is also the possibility of some Mongolian influence from the north. The breed probably originated in northwest India on the Afghanistan border, as well as in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan, and takes its name from the Marwar region (also called the Jodhpur region) of India.

The Rathores, rulers of Marwar and successful Rajput cavalry, were the traditional breeders of the Marwari. The Rathores were forced from their Kingdom of Kanauj in 1193, and withdrew into the Great Indian and Thar Deserts. The Marwari was vital to their survival, and during the 12th century they followed strict selective breeding processes, keeping the finest stallions for the use of their subjects. During this time, the horses were considered divine beings, and at times they were only allowed to be ridden by members of the Rajput families. When the Mughals captured northern India in the early 16th century, they brought Turkoman horses that were probably used to supplement the breeding of the Marwari. Marwaris were renowned during this period for their bravery and courage in battle, as well as their loyalty to their riders. During the late 16th century, the Rajputs of Marwar, under the leadership of Mughal emperor Akbar, formed a cavalry force over 50,000 strong. The Rathores believed that the Marwari horse could only leave a battlefield under one of three conditions – victory, death, or carrying a wounded master to safety. The horses were trained to be extremely responsive in battlefield conditions, and were practised in complex riding maneuvers. Over 300 years later, during the First World War, Marwar lancers under Sir Pratap Singh assisted the British.

1900s to today
The period of British colonial rule hastened the Marwari's fall from dominance, as did the eventual independence of India. The British preferred other breeds, and tried to eliminate the Marwari, along with the Kathiawari. Britons living in India instead preferred thoroughbreds and polo ponies, and reduced the reputation of the Marwari to the point where even the inward-turning ears of the breed were mocked as the "mark of a native horse". During the 1930s the Marwari deteriorated, with breeding stock diminishing and becoming of poorer quality due to poor breeding practices. Indian independence, along with the obsolescence of warriors on horseback, led to a decreased need for the Marwari and many animals were subsequently killed. In the 1950s many Indian noblemen lost their land and hence much of their ability to take care of animals, resulting in many Marwari horses being sold as pack horses, castrated, or killed. The breed was on the verge of extinction until the intervention of Maharaja Umaid Singhji in the first half of the 20th century saved the Marwari. His work was carried on by his grandson, Maharaja Gaj Singh II.

A British horsewoman named Francesca Kelly founded a group called Marwari Bloodlines in 1995, with the goal of promoting and preserving the Marwari horse around the world. In 1999, Kelly and Raghuvendra Singh Dundlod, a descendant of Indian nobility, led a group that founded the Indigenous Horse Society of India (of which the Marwari Horse Society is part), a group that works with the government, breeders, and the public to promote and conserve the breed. Kelly and Dunlod also entered and won endurance races at the Indian national equestrian games, convincing the Equestrian Federation of India to sanction a national show for indigenous horses – the first in the country. The pair worked with other experts from the Indigenous Horse Society to develop the first breed standards.

The government of India had originally banned the export of indigenous horse breeds, although not polo ponies or Thoroughbreds, in 1952. This ban was partially lifted in 1999, when a small number of indigenous horses could be exported after receiving a special license. Kelly imported the first Marwari horse into the United States in 2000. Over the next seven years, 21 horses were exported, until, in 2006, licenses stopped being granted over concerns that native breeding populations were being threatened. One of the last Marwaris to be exported was the first to be imported to Europe, in 2006, when a stallion was given to the French Living Museum of the Horse. In 2008, the Indian government began granting licenses for "temporary exports" of up to one year, to allow horses to be exhibited in other countries. This was in response to breeders and the breed society, who felt they were not being allowed a fair chance to exhibit their animals.

In late 2007 plans were announced to create a stud book for the breed, a collaborative venture between the Marwari Horse Society of India and the Indian government. A registration process was initiated in 2009, when it was announced that the Marwari Horse Society had become a government body, the only government-authorized registration society for Marwari horses. The registration process includes an evaluation of the horse against the breed standards, during which unique identification marks and physical dimensions are recorded. After the evaluation, the horse is cold branded with its registration number and photographed. In late 2009 the Indian government announced that the Marwari horse, along with other Indian horse breeds, would be commemorated on a set of stamps issued by that country.

Characteristics
The height at the withers of the Marwari averages 150 cm for males, and 140 cm for mares. The coat may be of any colour, and is most often dark or light bay, at times with the metallic sheen often seen in the Akhal-Teke; it may also be grey or chestnut, or occasionally palomino, piebald, or skewbald. White horses cannot be registered. Grey horses are considered auspicious and tend to be the most valuable, with piebald and skewbald horses the second-most favoured. Black horses are considered unlucky, as the colour is a symbol of death and darkness. Horses with a blaze and four white socks are considered lucky.

The facial profile is straight or slightly Roman, and the ears are medium-sized and curving inward so that the tips meet; also, the Marwari horse can rotate its ears 180º. The neck is arched and carried high, running into pronounced withers, with a deep chest and muscular, broad, and angular shoulders. Marwaris generally have a long back and sloping croup. The legs tend to be slender and the hooves small but well-formed. Members of the breed are hardy and easy keepers, but they can also be of tenacious and unpredictable temperaments. They are quite similar to the Kathiawari horse, another breed from India, having much of the same history and physical features. The main difference between the Marwari and the Kathiawari is their original geographic origin – Marwaris are mainly from the Marwar region while Kathiawaris are from the Kathiawar peninsula. Kathiawaris have inward-slanting ears, a short back, and a straight, slender neck and are more similar to Arabians, but they are pure in breed. Kathiawaris are slightly smaller than Marwaris in general.

The Marwari horse often exhibits a natural ambling gait, close to a pace, called the revaal, aphcal, or rehwal. Hair whorls and their placement are important to breeders of Marwaris. Horses with long whorls down the neck are called devman and considered lucky, while horses with whorls below their eyes are called anusudhal and are unpopular with buyers. Whorls on the fetlocks are thought to bring victory. The horses are expected to have correct proportions, based on the width of a finger, said to be the equal of five grains of barley. For example, the length of the face should be between 28 and 40 fingers, and the length from the poll to the dock should be four times the length of the face.

Genetic studies
As a direct result of indiscriminate breeding practices, as of 2001 only a few thousand purebred Marwari horses existed. Research studies have been conducted to examine the genetics of the Marwari horse and its relationship to other Indian and non-Indian horse breeds. Six different breeds have been identified in India: the Marwari, Kathiawari, Spiti pony, Bhutia pony, Manipuri Pony, and Zanskari. These six are distinct from each other in terms of unique performance traits and different agroclimactic conditions in the various areas of India where they originated. A 2005 study was conducted to identify past genetic bottlenecks in the Marwari horse. The study found that, in the DNA of the horses tested, there was no evidence of a genetic bottleneck in the breed's history. However, since the population has decreased rapidly in past decades, bottlenecks may have occurred that were not identified in the study. In 2007, a study was conducted to assess genetic variation among all Indian horse breeds except the Kathiawari. Based on analysis of microsatellite DNA, the Marwari was found to be the most genetically distinct breed of the five studied, and was most distant from the Manipuri; none of the breeds were found to have close genetic ties to the Thoroughbred. The Marwari was distinguishable from the other breeds in terms of both physical characteristics (mainly height) and environmental adaptability. The physical differences were attributed to differing ancestries: the Marwari horse are closely associated with the Arabian horse, while the four other breeds are supposedly descended from the Tibetan pony.

Uses
The Marwari horse is a riding horse; it may also be used for shows, horse safaris, sport, ceremonial & religious purposes, and during earlier days in war. Marwari horses are often crossed with Thoroughbreds to produce a larger horse with more versatility. Despite the fact that the breed is indigenous to the country, cavalry units of the Indian military make little use of the horses, although they are popular in the Jodhpur and Jaipur areas of Rajasthan, India. They are particularly suited to dressage, in part due to a natural tendency to perform. Marwari horses are also used to play polo, sometimes playing against Thoroughbreds. Within the Marwari horse breed was a strain known as the Natchni, believed by local people to be "born to dance". Decorated in silver, jewels, and bells, these horses were trained to perform complex prancing and leaping movements at many ceremonies, including weddings. Although the Natchni strain is extinct today, horses trained in those skills are still in demand in rural India.

title: Marwari horse


text:
Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

The Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, also known as "CRLS" or "Rindge", is a public high school in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. It is a part of the Cambridge Public School District. In 1977, two separate schools, Rindge Technical School and Cambridge High and Latin School, merged to form the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School. The newly built high school at the time increased its capacity to more than 2,000 students in all four grades.

History
CRLS is actually several separate schools combined into a greater whole. In 1642, the year Harvard College's first class of nine young men was graduated, the General Court made it the duty of Cambridge to require that parents and masters properly educate their children or be fined if they neglected to do so. (Girls, however, did not usually attend public schools until 1789, when Boston voted that "children of both sexes" should be taught in the reading and writing schools of its newly reorganized system.) In 1648, Cambridge set up a public grammar school, Master Elijah Corlett's "lattin schoole," making Cambridge the fifth town (after Boston, Charlestown, Dorchester, and Salem) in the Massachusetts Bay Colony to do so. Corlett's schoolhouse came into the possession of Old Cambridge in 1660, and over the next century was succeeded by several new buildings. The public school that evolved from Cortlett's original was a "grammar school" in a double sense: an English grammar school for Old Cambridge and a Latin grammar school (teaching the rudiments of Latin and Greek) for all Cambridge. The school generally aimed to prepare students for admission to college:

 * "And by the side of the colledge a faire GRAMMAR Schoole, for the training up of young Schollars, and fitting of them for ACADEMICALL LEARNING, that still as they are judged ripe, they may be received into the colledge of this Schoole. Master CORLETT is the Mr., who hath very well approved himselfe for his abilities, dexterity and painfulness in teaching and education of the youth under him."

By 1832, public schools in Cambridge were open to girls as well as boys. In 1838, Cambridgeport organized a public high school to serve all of Cambridge at the corner of Broadway and Windsor Streets. However, since the location was not easily accessible to either Old Cambridge or East Cambridge, most of the new high schools' students were drawn from Cambridgeport. In 1843, Old Cambridge set up the Female High School, and East Cambridge completed its Otis schoolhouse. Not until 1848 did plans to merge the high schools of the three competitive wards overcome sectional differences. This marked the origin of the Cambridge High School, which began in a new building erected at the corner of Amory and Summer streets and was immediately flooded with over 135 applicants.

The Cambridge High School was divided in 1886: its classical department became the Cambridge Latin School and its remaining departments the Cambridge English High School. The English High School was located at the corner of Broadway and Fayette Streets, while the Latin School was transferred to the Lee Street church, which had been renovated to receive it. At the time of the separation, the high school contained 515 pupils, and 16 teachers. Six teachers and 165 pupils went to the Latin school.

From 1969 to 2000 the school hosted an experimental program known as The Pilot School, founded as a joint venture of the Cambridge public schools and the Harvard Graduate School of Education. The Pilot School was established to offer a small classroom experience including outside-of-school experiences. The program closed in June 2000 as part of an overall restructuring of the school.

In 2001 there was an attempt to restructure the Cambridge Rindge & Latin school under headmaster Paula Evans, which had found controversy. She resigned shortly afterwards. After her resignation she began efforts to create a charter school, which became the Community Charter School of Cambridge (CCSC). Colleen Walsh of the Boston Globe said that Evans's charter school efforts "touched off a firestorm" and that "many people" were upset at her because they perceived that she had abandoned Cambridge Rindge & Latin.

Beginning in 2003, the City of Cambridge set in motion an plan for CRLS: "the first major renovation and refurbishing of the 35-year-old [sic] high school building." The project continued to be pushed back, due to state funding issues and other obstructions along the way. In 2006, the state announced a return in funding, and by the Spring 2007 the School Committee started looking at wider-ranging renovations for the building. The renovations were at last undertaken in 2009-2011.

Athletics
Athletics have always played a major part in the school's extracurricular activity structure. The 11 fall sports take place between September and Thanksgiving (the day of the football team's final game), Winter sports are played between the first Monday following Thanksgiving and February/March depending on the circumstances of the year. The ten spring sports start on the third Monday in March, and finish in the latter days of May.

The Register Forum
The school's newspaper is Register Forum. It was first founded in 1891 as the C.M.T.S Register, the name was further changed to the Rindge Register, and in 1977, when the two public high schools in the city merged, their papers merged as well. The Cambridge Latin Forum merged with the Rindge Register to become The Register Forum. The Register Forum now publishes 10 editions per year at the end of each month, September to June. Those editions range from 8 to 24 pages, and focus on events around the city and school. The paper was formerly printed at The Harvard Crimson press, but has since moved production to out of state facilities due to cost restraints.

Media Arts Program
During the early 21st century the Media Arts Studio was founded at 454 Broadway Ct in Cambridge MA. Throughout the years of the Media Arts Program, a large archive of film was broadcast on local channels 6 and 26, some of the students who have participated in the Media Arts Studio Program have gone on to pursue careers in sports broadcasting from prestigious universities such as Syracuse.

Controversy
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the school was subject to multiple accusations of inherent racism in its infrastructure, which led to the disbanding of the original houses, as well as the changing of the original school mascot from a bust of a Native American to a falcon and their name from Warriors to Falcons after concerns about the racist history of the mascot. Students entered their ideas and then voted for the new mascot in a school wide contest. The graduating class of 1990 was the last class to wear brown and gold, being the last of the Warriors.

In 2000 the Commonwealth of Massachusetts uncovered a number of issues with the school's electrical and graphic arts vocational programs, citing below-standard safety equipment, staffing, and classroom space, and placed them on probation.

Notable alumni

 * Ben Affleck (1990), actor, director, and screenwriter
 * Emily Banks, actress Shore Leave, model Miss Rheingold
 * Matt Damon (1988), actor and screenwriter
 * Casey Affleck (1993), actor
 * Nate Albert, musician Mighty Mighty Bosstones, record executive
 * Leroy Anderson, composer
 * Orson Bean, actor
 * Lukas Biewald, entrepreneur
 * Traci Bingham, actress and model
 * Maxime Bôcher (1883), mathematician
 * Walter Brennan, actor and three-time Academy Award winner
 * Max Casella, (1985) actor, The Sopranos and Doogie Howser, M.D.
 * Peggy Cass, actress and comedian
 * Del Castillo, (1893 – 1992), organist, composer
 * David Chu, Hong Kong politician
 * Jeremy Collins, Winner, Sole Survivor of Survivor: Cambodia
 * Eric Cornell, 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics
 * Bronson Crothers, pediatric neurologist
 * E. E. Cummings, poet
 * Bill de Blasio, the Mayor of New York City
 * Patrick Ewing, (1981) NCAA Basketball Champion and former head coach of the Georgetown Hoyas, legendary center for the New York Knicks, and member of the Basketball Hall of Fame
 * Jessica Garretson Finch (1893), author, suffragette, founding President of Finch College.
 * Helen Lee Franklin (1895 – 1949), teacher and social justice advocate
 * Gina Grant, known for gaining early admission to Harvard University, only to have it revoked when it was revealed that she had killed her mother
 * Vernon Grant, cartoonist
 * Sian Heder, writer/director of CODA (2021 film) and other films
 * Emanuel D. Molyneaux Hewlett, one of the first African American attorneys to argue before the United States Supreme Court
 * Karl Hobbs, former head coach of the George Washington University Colonials basketball team
 * Charles "Charlie" Jenkins, Winner of two gold medals at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia
 * D. D. Kosambi (1907 – 1966), mathematician, statistician, Marxist historian of India, and polymath
 * Rev. Ashley Day Leavitt, pastor, Harvard Congregational Church, Brookline, Massachusetts
 * Tom and Ray Magliozzi, aka Click and Clack, the Tappet Brothers, hosts of NPR's Car Talk
 * Paul F. O'Rourke, public health advisor
 * Walter Pierce, director of Celebrity Series of Boston
 * Rumeal Robinson, NCAA Basketball Champion at Michigan and NBA player
 * Harold Russell, World War II veteran and Academy Award winner
 * William Russell, youngest person ever elected Governor of Massachusetts
 * Walter J. Sullivan, Massachusetts politician
 * John Thomas, set several world records in the high jump. Winner of Bronze medal at 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome & Silver medal at 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
 * Jean Tatlock, psychiatrist, communist, and writer who was romantically involved with J. Robert Oppenheimer
 * Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, and Tamerlan Tsarnaev, Boston Marathon bombers - Philip Martin of WGBH described them as the school's "most infamous graduates".
 * Korczak Ziółkowski, sculptor of the Crazy Horse Memorial
 * Eddie Waitkus, former Major League Baseball player

title: Cambridge Rindge and Latin School


text:
Saints' Rest

Saints' Rest was the second building erected on the campus of the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan (now Michigan State University). It was built in 1856 and served as the school's only dormitory until 1870, when Williams Hall was completed. Along with College Hall and a horse barn, it was one of three buildings completed when the college opened for classes in 1857.

As the campus's only residence hall, the building had no official name. Students had a variety of nicknames for it including "the hall", "the boarding hall", "old hall", or "the house". It was only after the hall burned that it acquired the moniker "Saints' Rest", which came from the Puritan devotional The Saints' Everlasting Rest, written by Richard Baxter in 1650.

The hall burned down during the December 1876 vacation despite the efforts of the Lansing fire department, which made the run all the way from Lansing in only 45 minutes.

On June 6, 2005, a team of Michigan State archeology professors and students began a six-week excavation on the site. The dig was part of MSU's 2005 sesquicentennial celebration.

title: Saints' Rest


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wikijuris

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 08:06, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

Wikijuris
Wikijuris is the name of a wiki using mediawiki software, just like Wikipedia. It gets 3 google hits, two from its own site and 1 from the mail.wikipedia.org server. Its oldest page is from 21 Feb of this year, and it has a total of 16 pages. I believe this to be vanity, (and although "notablity" doesn't currently seem to be an official criteria for inclusion in Wikipedia...it also isn't [yet] notable). func (talk) 04:26, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. func (talk) 04:26, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 07:37, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:2gether (band)

Untitled
I think this article should be broken up, I mean 2gether was a band, movie, and a series. Three separate projects.

Also I read somewhere that Michael James Cuccione had a Make-A-Wish to be in a boyband, and this was how it was to happen. MTV made a mock band, and therefore fufilling his wish.

Hey thanks for expanding the article, I'm surpised no one mentioned that Kevin Farley is the younger brother of the famous Chris!- Hailey!!

 * I don't think they'll let it be broken up. And all three are linked.

I've never heard that MTV granted Mike's make-a-wish in that way. I would doubt that fact very much, since the group was popular in the boyband era, and someone probably just thought it'd be a funny idea. Mike did a ton of commericials and guest spots before 2Gether, so it's not so funny to think MTV found him that way.

Please see Kevin Farley's page; his link to Chris is there.

Also! Please sign posts! thanks! Bouncehoper 00:10, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

Copyvio
This edit is apparently a direct copyvio from VH1. What do we do? --DDG 21:11, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:2gether (band)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Deitch Projects

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was nomination withdrawn. JeremyA 15:58, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Deitch Projects
looked like self promotion, I now withdraw my nomination save WAvegetarian 04:26, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Ammar al-Bakri

Ammar al-Bakri is an Iraqi judge who was the administrator of the Iraqi Special Tribunal to rule over the trial of Saddam Hussein. Al-Bakri was approved by the Iraqi National Council on October 4, 2004.

Critics claimed that al-Bakri is too close to the former interim Prime Minister Iyad Allawi.

title: Ammar al-Bakri


text:
Nuclear matrix

In biology, the nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus after a specific method of chemical extraction. According to some it is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton. In contrast to the cytoskeleton, however, the nuclear matrix has been proposed to be a dynamic structure. Along with the nuclear lamina, it supposedly aids in organizing the genetic information within the cell.

The exact function of this structure is still disputed, and its very existence has been called into question. Evidence for such a structure was recognised as long ago as 1948, and consequently many proteins associated with the matrix have been discovered. The presence of intra-cellular proteins is common ground, and it is agreed that proteins such as the Scaffold, or Matrix Associated Proteins (SAR or MAR) have some role in the organisation of chromatin in the living cell. There is evidence that the nuclear matrix is involved in regulation of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Whenever a similar structure can actually be found in living cells remains a topic of discussion. According to some sources, most, if not all proteins found in nuclear matrix are the aggregates of proteins of structures that can be found in the nucleus of living cells. Such structures are nuclear lamina, which consist of proteins termed lamins which can be also found in the nuclear matrix.

Validity of nuclear matrix
For a long time the question whether a polymer meshwork, a “nuclear matrix” or “nuclear-scaffold” or "NuMat" is an essential component of the in vivo nuclear architecture has remained a matter of debate. While there are arguments that the relative position of chromosome territories (CTs), the equivalent of condensed metaphase chromosomes at interphase, may be maintained due to steric hindrance or electrostatic repulsion forces between the apparently highly structured CT surfaces, this concept has to be reconciled with observations according to which cells treated with the classical matrix-extraction procedures maintain defined territories up to the point where a minor subset of acidic nuclear matrix proteins is released – very likely those proteins that governed their association with the nuclear skeleton. The nuclear matrix proteome consists of structural proteins, chaperones, DNA/RNA-binding proteins, chromatin remodeling and transcription factors. The complexity of NuMat is an indicator of diverse structural and functional significance of its proteins.

Scaffold/Matrix attachment regions (S/MARs)
S/MARs (scaffold/matrix attachment regions), the DNA regions that are known to attach genomic DNA to variety of nuclear proteins, show an ever increasing spectrum of established biological activities. There is a known overlap of this large group of sequences with sequences termed LADs (lamina attachment domains).

S/MARs find increasing use for the rational design of vectors with widespread use in gene therapy and biotechnology. Nowadays S/MAR functions can be modulated, improved and custom-tailored to the specific needs of novel vector systems.

Nuclear matrix and cancer
The nuclear matrix composition on human cells has been proven to be cell type and tumor specific. It has been clearly demonstrated that the nuclear matrix composition in a tumor is different from its normal counterparts. This fact could be useful to characterize cancer markers and to predict the disease even earlier. These markers have been found in urine and blood and could potentially be used in early detection and prognosis of human cancers.

title: Nuclear matrix


text:
Street Spirit (Fade Out)

"Street Spirit (Fade Out)" is a song by the English rock band Radiohead, released on their second studio album, The Bends (1995). It was released as a single on 22 January 1996 and reached number five on the UK singles chart, Radiohead's highest position up to that point. Radiohead considered it a breakthrough in their songwriting. It was accompanied by a music video by Jonathan Glazer, and has been covered by acts including Peter Gabriel and the Darkness.

Composition
Radiohead's songwriter, Thom Yorke, said "Street Spirit" was inspired by the American band R.E.M. and the 1991 novel The Famished Road by Ben Okri. It features a guitar arpeggio written by Yorke and played by Ed O'Brien. In 2018, Pitchfork wrote that the song "channels a sense of capitalist dread that even class-conscious Britpop artists repressed".

Recording
Radiohead recorded several versions of "Street Spirit" before settling on the final version. The members felt it was a breakthrough in their songwriting. Yorke said later: "If I ever forget why I started this as a career, then ['Street Spirit'] is why I started ... We spent a day going round in circles until I was thinking, 'This is never going to happen.' Then suddenly something happened and I was transported to a place that I'd been willing myself to be in for months on end."

Music video
The music video for "Street Spirit" was directed by Jonathan Glazer and filmed over two nights in a desert outside Los Angeles. Glazer described it as a "turning point" for his work. He felt that Radiohead had "found their own voices as an artist" and that "I got close to whatever mine was, and I felt confident that I could do things that emoted, that had some kind of poetic as well as prosaic value".

Release
"Street Spirit" was released as the fifth single from Radiohead's second album, The Bends (1995), on 22 January 1996. It reached number five on the UK singles chart, Radiohead’s highest position up to that point. After Radiohead's previous singles had failed to match the success of their 1992 debut, "Creep", "Street Spirit" demonstrated that they were not one-hit wonders. In 2008, "Street Spirit" was included on Radiohead: The Best Of. In 2020, the Guardian named "Street Spirit" the 12th-greatest Radiohead song, writing that it "makes for a spectacular showdown – a grand, doomed surrender".

Covers
Peter Gabriel recorded a cover of "Street Spirit" for his album Scratch My Back (2010). Gabriel described his version as an "existential cry of mortality". He hoped that, in return, Radiohead would record a version of his 1982 song "Wallflower" for his album And I'll Scratch Yours (2013). According to Gabriel, Radiohead ceased communication after he sent them his version of "Street Spirit". Gabriel said his rendition was "pretty extreme" and had since heard that Radiohead did not like it.

The Darkness released a cover of "Street Spirit" on their album 2012 Hot Cakes. They had included the song in their live shows in 2003. In 2020, the System of a Down drummer John Dolmayan released a cover with M. Shadows of Avenged Sevenfold and Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine on his album These Grey Men.

CD 1

 * 1) "Street Spirit (Fade Out)" – 4:13
 * 2) "Talk Show Host" – 4:41
 * 3) "Bishop's Robes" – 3:25

CD 2

 * 1) "Street Spirit (Fade Out)" – 4:13
 * 2) "Banana Co." – 2:20
 * 3) "Molasses" – 2:27

Personnel
All personnel adapted from the liner notes.

Radiohead
 * Thom Yorke
 * Jonny Greenwood
 * Ed O'Brien
 * Colin Greenwood
 * Philip Selway

Production
 * John Leckie – production "(Street Spirit", "Banana Co."), mixing "(Street Spirit"), engineering "(Street Spirit")
 * Nigel Godrich – production ("Talk Show Host", "Bishop's Robes", "Molasses"), engineering ("Street Spirit"), mixing ("Talk Show Host", "Molasses")
 * Chris Brown – engineering
 * Chris Blair – mastering
 * Jim Warren – initial production ("Banana Co.")
 * Sean Slade – mixing ("Banana Co.")
 * Paul Q. Kolderie – mixing ("Banana Co.")

Design
 * Stanley Donwood – art
 * The White Chocolate Farm – art

title: Street Spirit (Fade Out)


text:
Category:Mountain ranges of Minnesota

Mountain ranges of Minnesota, United States

Related categories

 * Category:Mountains of Minnesota

title: Category:Mountain ranges of Minnesota


text:
Talk:Cape Frontier Wars

Merger
I created the article Xhosa Wars, but I didn't realise that their was already an article. Please Merge. Samuel 15:39, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Merged Samuel 15:02, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cape Frontier Wars


text:
User talk:Bobz

Please don't raise pirates.com higher up the external links at BitTorrent, and certainly don't put largest in bold. Such actions can be construed as Spamming. Please don't do it again, as a continuation may result in the link being removed altogether, SqueakBox 04:33, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC) whatever fuck you

title: User talk:Bobz


text:
Talk:Drive Shaft

I've removed some of the information added from the second tour of finland site, as the site is non-canonical. The other band members names are not given anywhere in the show transcripts, as far as I know. If someone can prove me wrong, please post evidence. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 04:32, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * So Second Tour of Finland is just a fansite for the show that simulates a fictional fansite for the fictional band? Trippy. Phoenix-forgotten 19:08, 12 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Second Tour of Finland is NOT canonical. The only sites created by abc as promo are the hanso and oceanic pages (you can tell that they're real by the ABC terms of use).  Please do not continue to add fanon to this page. --DDG 21:11, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Was "You all everybody" from Donahue? I thought Maury Povich.--Cuchullain 07:21, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * An anon removed the trivia, but I agree with the action. Until people can provide real citations of the "Donahue" rant, Jude being the actual singer, or the song appearing in Alias (there is apparently some disagreement about this on Alias boards), we should not include any of the speculation or original research.  Please provide verifiable citations before re-adding any of the trivia.  --DDG 18:36, 1 February 2006 (UTC)
 * On the DVD[s], in the extra feature "Backstage with Driveshaft" producers Bryan Burk and Damon Lindelof said that an old friend of theirs, Matt Reeves, heard a woman say something close to the phrase "You all everybody acting like its the stupid people wearing expensive clothes" on what they believe was the Phil Donahue Show. I'm not sure how one would cite this though... Auz 21:06, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

References section added
There are some duplicate entries because I'm not sure how to make multiple things point to the same footnote; if anybody knows how to clean that up please go ahead. 4.89.241.62 14:33, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

the AfD outcome
was Merge... I'll look to a regular to do so, and check back in a few weeks, if I see no signs of merger (finding just a redirect would be a good sign) I'll speedy it to carry out the finding of the AfD.  + +Lar: t/c 23:58, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drive Shaft


text:
Wiley Park railway station

Wiley Park railway station is located on the Bankstown line, serving the Sydney suburb of Wiley Park. It is served by Sydney Trains T3 Bankstown line services.

History
Wiley Park station opened on 19 June 1938, well after the line from Belmore to Bankstown opened in 1909, to provide an interchange with King Georges Road. While adjacent stations have island platforms, this station was built with side platforms and the architecture of the station buildings is significantly different.

The station received lifts and additional canopies as well as a new building on Platform 1 in 2023, in preparation for conversion to Sydney Metro.

Transport links
U-Go Mobility operates two bus routes via Wiley Park station, under contract to Transport for NSW:
 * 942: Campsie to Lugarno
 * S14: Lakemba to Mount Lewis

Wiley Park station is served by one NightRide route:
 * N40: East Hills station to Town Hall station

title: Wiley Park railway station