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West Texas Roughnecks

The West Texas Roughnecks were a professional indoor football team based in Odessa, Texas that plays in the Lone Star Football League. The team's nickname was a tribute to the oil industry, which has been the source of Odessa's wealth over the past century.

The team began operations in 2004 as the Odessa Roughnecks, a charter member of the Intense Football League (IFL). In 2005, the IFL merged with the NIFL. For the 2006 season, the IFL was resurrected, and the Odessa Roughnecks returned to their original league. In 2008 the Intense Football League merged again, this time with the UIF to create the Indoor Football League.

The team played its home games at the Ector County Coliseum in Odessa. The team was sold by its original owner (Tommy Benizio) in September 2008 to Allegiance Pro Sports, Inc. In January 2010, Dale and Jay Morris of Midland, Texas purchased the Roughnecks from Allegiance Pro Sports.

The Roughnecks were coached by Chris Williams. The 2011 season will be Coach Williams's eighth season with the Roughnecks.

The Roughnecks won its first championship in 2006 at Intense Bowl 2 by beating the Corpus Christi Hammerheads 97–56, which was an Intense Football League record for most points scored by one team in a game. The team finished with an overall record of 14–2.

Up through the 2009 season games were broadcast on KMCM, and KQRX broadcast the games in 2009–2011. With the LSFL having games available online through America One, no radio contract was made during the 2012 season.

For the 2012 season, the Roughnecks moved to the Lone Star Football League. After the 2012 season, the team was put up for sale and never purchased. It was announced on October 16, 2013, that a new team would replace the Roughnecks at the Ector County Coliseum in 2014 – the West Texas Wildcatters. Like the Roughnecks did in their last season, the Wildcatters competed in the LSFL.

History
In 2003, the nearly 20-year-old Arena Football League, which until then had been primarily in major markets like New York City and Chicago, began spreading across the nation into smaller to middle-sized cities. Jerry Jones of the NFL's Dallas Cowboys kicked off his AFL franchise in Dallas and secured the rights to every smaller market in the state of Texas with a suitable arena for indoor football. When Jones could not be reached to discuss selling these rights, a new league was formed throughout the state. In August 2003, Chad Dittman, President of the fledgling Intense Football League announced that Odessa would be one of the sites for his new professional indoor football league.

Through prayer shortly after, Abby and Tommy Benizio decided to purchased the franchise and moved to the Permian Basin along with their pet prairie dogs. By the close of 2003, the franchise creatively announced the name of "Roughnecks" along with the unveiling of a logo fit for the community and a mascot who has become a staple in both Odessa and Midland known as Digger.

The team kicked off on May 8, 2004, under the direction of head coach Chris Williams, who led the team to a 9–7 record and home field advantage in the playoffs. Lubbock defeated Odessa in overtime just one game shy of the championship but the season did not end without the success of leading the IFL in attendance and having promoted more players to the next level than any other team in the league.

This success became well known throughout the national football community, and along with the hard work of the teams coaches, Odessa enjoyed a very rare undefeated regular season in the National Indoor Football League in 2005. Despite losing one game shy of the championship again, the Roughnecks were once more atop of their league in attendance, successfully hosted the first ever NIFL All-Star Game, and could boast a 16–1 overall record.

The team was later bought by Jay and Dale Morris of Midland, Texas, who changed the team name to the West Texas Roughnecks.

For the 2012 season, the Roughnecks joined the Lone Star Football League. After the season, the team was put up for sale. With no buyer stepping forward, the team officially folded in October 2013.

Regular-season winning streak
The Roughnecks at one time held the longest regular-season winning streak in professional football history with 27 straight regular-season victories under the arm of Bobby Glenn Ruth Jr. The record was broken with a 55–35 win over the Laredo Lobos in Odessa on June 17, 2006, giving the Roughnecks 26 straight regular season wins. The streak began with a 20–0 victory against the San Angelo Stampede on July 31, 2004, in San Angelo, Texas and ended at 27 wins with a 70–63 loss against the Louisiana Swashbucklers on July 1, 2006, in Lake Charles, Louisiana. On March 29, 2008, the Sioux Falls Storm of the United Indoor Football League lost to the Omaha Beef 34–18, ending their historic 40-game winning streak and giving them their first loss since July 15, 2005. They went on to win their fourth United Bowl later that season against the Bloomington Extreme.

Season-by-season
!Totals || 75 || 52 || 0
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Odessa Roughnecks (Intense Football League)
 * 2004 || 9 || 7 || 0 || 3rd League || Lost Semifinals (L. Lone Stars)
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Odessa Roughnecks (NIFL)
 * 2005 || 14 || 0 || 0 || 1st Pacific North || Won Pacific Conference Quarterfinal (Beaumont) Won Pacific Conference Semifinal (Corpus Christi) Lost Pacific Conference Final (Tri-Cities)
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Odessa Roughnecks (Intense Football League)
 * 2006 || 12 || 2 || 0 || 1st League || Won Semifinals (Louisiana) Won Intense Bowl II (Corpus Christi)
 * 2007 || 8 || 6 || 0 || 4th League || Lost Semifinals (Louisiana)
 * 2008 || 7 || 7 || 0 || 4th League || Won Round 1 (Frisco)Lost Semifinals (Louisiana)
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Odessa Roughnecks (Indoor Football League)
 * 2009 || 3 || 11 || 0 || 5th Intense Lone Star || --
 * colspan="6" align="center" | West Texas Roughnecks (Indoor Football League)
 * 2010 || 7 || 7 || 0 || 2nd Lonestar West || Lost Round 1 (Amarillo)
 * 2011 || 10 || 4 || 0 || 2nd Lonestar || Lost Round 1 (Tri-Cities)
 * colspan="6" align="center" | West Texas Roughnecks (LSFL)
 * 2012 || 5 || 8 || 0 || 6th League || --
 * 2008 || 7 || 7 || 0 || 4th League || Won Round 1 (Frisco)Lost Semifinals (Louisiana)
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Odessa Roughnecks (Indoor Football League)
 * 2009 || 3 || 11 || 0 || 5th Intense Lone Star || --
 * colspan="6" align="center" | West Texas Roughnecks (Indoor Football League)
 * 2010 || 7 || 7 || 0 || 2nd Lonestar West || Lost Round 1 (Amarillo)
 * 2011 || 10 || 4 || 0 || 2nd Lonestar || Lost Round 1 (Tri-Cities)
 * colspan="6" align="center" | West Texas Roughnecks (LSFL)
 * 2012 || 5 || 8 || 0 || 6th League || --
 * 2010 || 7 || 7 || 0 || 2nd Lonestar West || Lost Round 1 (Amarillo)
 * 2011 || 10 || 4 || 0 || 2nd Lonestar || Lost Round 1 (Tri-Cities)
 * colspan="6" align="center" | West Texas Roughnecks (LSFL)
 * 2012 || 5 || 8 || 0 || 6th League || --
 * colspan="6" align="center" | West Texas Roughnecks (LSFL)
 * 2012 || 5 || 8 || 0 || 6th League || --
 * 2012 || 5 || 8 || 0 || 6th League || --
 * colspan="2"| (Regular Season Only)

Head coach
2004–2012 - Chris Williams (74–47)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: West Texas Roughnecks


text:
User talk:Jwbecher

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alai 02:49, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Thanks! --NetGuru 22:39, 2005 May 29 (UTC)

Disambiguation link fixing one-day contest
I have decided to put on a mini-contest within the November 2013 monthly disambiguation contest, on Saturday, November 23 (UTC). I will personally give a $20 Amazon.com gift card to the disambiguator who fixes the most links on that server-day (see the project page for details on scoring points). Since we are not geared up to do an automated count for that day, at 00:00, 23 November 2013 (UTC) (which is 7:00 PM on November 22, EST), I'll take a screenshot of the project page leaderboard. I will presume that anyone who is not already listed on the leaderboard has precisely nine edits. At 01:00, 24 November 2013 (UTC) (8:00 PM on November 23, EST), I'll take a screenshot of the leaderboard at that time (the extra hour is to give the board time to update), and I will determine from that who our winner is. I will credit links fixed by turning a WP:DABCONCEPT page into an article, but you'll have to let me know me that you did so. Here's to a fun contest. Note that according to the Daily Disambig, we currently have under 256,000 disambiguation links to be fixed. If everyone in the disambiguation link fixers category were to fix 500 links, we would have them all done - so aim high! Cheers! bd2412 T 02:34, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jwbecher


text:
Brookings Report

Proposed Studies on the Implications of Peaceful Space Activities for Human Affairs, often referred to as "the Brookings Report", was a 1960 report commissioned by NASA and created by the Brookings Institution in collaboration with NASA's Committee on Long-Range Studies. It was submitted to the House Committee on Science and Astronautics of the United States House of Representatives in the 87th United States Congress on April 18, 1961.

Significance
The report has become noted for one short section entitled "The implications of a discovery of extraterrestrial life", which examines the potential implications of such a discovery on public attitudes and values. The section briefly considers possible public reactions to some possible scenarios for the discovery of extraterrestrial life, stressing a need for further research in this area. It recommended continuing studies to determine the likely social impact of such a discovery and its effects on public attitudes, including study of the question of how leadership should handle information about such a discovery and under what circumstances leaders might or might not find it advisable to withhold such information from the public. The significance of this section of the report is a matter of controversy. Persons who believe that extraterrestrial life has already been confirmed and that this information is being withheld by government from the public sometimes turn to this section of the report as support for their view. Frequently cited passages from this section of the report are drawn both from its main body and from its footnotes.

The report has been mentioned in newspapers such as The New York Times, The Baltimore Sun, The Washington Times, and the Huffington Post.

Background and context
The report was entered into the Congressional Record, which is currently archived at over 1110 libraries as part of the Federal Depository Library Program.

The main author Donald N. Michael was a "social psychologist with a background in the natural sciences." "He was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Psychological Association, the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues and the World Academy of Art and Science."

Over 50 years after the report was initially released the Brookings Institution again focused on space policy by hosting "several panels of experts to discuss topics such as the economic benefits of private industry’s involvement, the scientific discoveries resulting from NASA’s continued space efforts and the potential for future exploration, and the government’s policies and decision making process."

Content
Although the report discusses the need for research on many policy issues related to space exploration, it is most often cited for passages from its brief section on the implications of a discovery of extraterrestrial life. (See Section )

Table of contents
The report contains the following chapters:
 * 1) Introduction: Goals and Methods
 * 2) Comments on the Organization and Functions of a NASA Social Science Research Capability
 * 3) Implications of Satellite-Based Communications Systems
 * 4) Implications of a Space-Derived Weather Predicting System
 * 5) The Implications of Technological By-products
 * 6) Implications for Government Operations and Personnel Use
 * 7) Implications for Space Industries
 * 8) General Implications for International Affairs and Foreign Policy
 * 9) Attitudes and Values
 * 10) Positivity and Unity

Use in discussions about possible cover-ups
The report is sometimes mentioned in discussions about possible government cover-ups of evidence of extraterrestrial life, such as discussions under blog entries of skeptic astronomer Phil Plait. Sometimes these mentions point out the existence of the report, sometimes they argue that the report is evidence of extraterrestrial life. For example, Richard C. Hoagland, a proponent of conspiracy theories, argues that the report, by outlining plausible motives for government suppression of a discovery of extraterrestrial intelligence, furnishes evidence of an ongoing cover-up of intelligent extraterrestrial life already discovered. The National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena thinks the "report gives weight to previous thinking by scholars who have suggested that the earth already may be under close scrutiny by advanced space races."

In an email published by The Virtually Strange Network, entitled "Brookings Report Re-examined", Keith Woodard writes that the Brookings Report:"...did raise the possibility of withholding information, but took no position on its advisability. 'Questions one might wish to answer by such studies,' intoned the report, 'would include: how might such information, under what circumstances, be presented to or withheld from the public for what ends? What might be the role of the discovering scientists and other decision makers regarding release of the fact of discovery?' Those two sentences comprise the report's entire commentary on the subject of covering up the truth."

title: Brookings Report


text:
Thingy (band)

Thingy is an American indie rock band formed after the dissolution of Heavy Vegetable in 1995, by Heavy Vegetable veterans Rob Crow and Eléa Tenuta.

Crow, Tenuta, and bassist Jason Soares released a seven-song EP, Staring Contest, in 1996 on the old Heavy Vegetable label Headhunter/Cargo.

They were joined by drummer Mario Rubalcaba in 1997, with whom they released the album, Songs About Angels, Evil, and Running Around on Fire. The same lineup released To the Innocent in 2000, but Rubalcaba and Soares left the quartet and were replaced by Brent Asbury and Kenseth Thibideau, respectively.

In 2018, Rob Crow released a new Thingy album entitled Morbid Curiosity, as part of his Artist in Residence project with label Joyful Noise.

Elea Tenuta died on January 9, 2021, at age 48, following an illness with breast cancer.

Albums

 * Songs About Angels, Evil, and Running Around on Fire (1997)
 * To the Innocent (2000)
 * Morbid Curiosity (2018)

EPs

 * Staring Contest (1996)

title: Thingy (band)


text:
Everett Hawks

The Everett Hawks were a professional minor league arena football team based in Everett, Washington. The team was in existence for five years (2002–07) in three leagues, the Northwest Football League (NWFL), the National Indoor Football League (NIFL), and af2 and in two locations, the Eastside and Everett. They were first members of the Northwest Football League as the Eastside Hawks. After the 2004 season, they became a member of the NIFL as the Everett Hawks. In 2006 they switched to the af2. They played their home games at Everett Events Center.

On May 14, 2006, after losing their first six af2 games, Rickey Foggie was fired from the head coach position. The Hawks got their first win in af2 history by defeating the Stockton Lightning 41–40 on May 27, 2006. Nonetheless, soon after the end of the 2007 season, the team folded.

title: Everett Hawks


text:
User:Sirevil

Hey, my names Dan, and umm... this is my page.

Personal Pages

 * My Website
 * My deviantArt page
 * My YouTube page

Cool Sites

 * BNR Metal Internet Heavy Metal encyclopedia
 * Why We Protest Bringing the downfall of Scientology
 * The Iconfactory The main reason I got into doing Digital Art (I also started the article on wikipedia Iconfactory)
 * Newgrounds Site full of Flash Games and Movies
 * Something Awful One of the funnier web sites out there

title: User:Sirevil


text:
User talk:Stephonovich

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alai 02:53, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Stephonovich


text: Category:Military of China

title: Category:Military of China


text:
Lincoln Capitols

The Lincoln Capitols were a professional indoor football team that played their home games at Pershing Auditorium in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. They originally planned on becoming the Nebraska Knockout, but the name was scrapped. From 1999 to 2000, they were the Lincoln Lightning of the original Indoor Football League before the IFL was bought out. The Lightning then played in the Arena Football's farm league during the 2001 season, before leaving the league and joining the National Indoor Football League as the Capitols. During their four-year run, the franchise's most prominent player was a former Nebraska Cornhusker running back named Damon Benning and the franchise's owner was Andrew Cheesman. In 2005 through 2006 they had 3 standout players, Nate Jacks from Atlanta, Ga, a graduate from Clinton High School, Mike Carrawell from St. Louis, MO and Brian Guthrie from National City,CA (San Jose State)The trio with Coach Chris Simpson, brought the key players in to play many roles. Brian Guthrie came in as a DB/LB/RB and later played for the Wyoming Cavalry (2007–2008). Mike was an All-American slot receiver from Quincy University and Nate was a shutdown corner back from KU.

This team in Lincoln has been a pushover for most of the team's history, despite being successful in the regular season. They are the only team to lose in two shutouts, a rarity in the NIFL.

The league, hoping to kill off their APFL competition and make the Capitols better, talked with the St. Joseph Explorers of the APFL and interested them in merging with the Lincoln Capitols and becoming the St. Joseph Storm. The team was still bad and was later bought by the league and made a traveling team. The end result was prospective owners saw NIFL as a league to avoid which was a major factor in the league's problems in 2007.

Season-By-Season
!Totals || 46 || 69 || 0
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Lincoln Lightning (IFL)
 * 1999 || 7 || 5 || 0 || 1st Southern || Lost Semifinal (Green Bay)
 * 2000 || 10 || 4 || 0 || 2nd Southern || Lost Round 1 (Sioux City)
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Lincoln Lightning (af2)
 * 2001 || 6 || 10 || 0 || 7th NC Midwestern || --
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Lincoln Capitols (NIFL)
 * 2002 || 10 || 4 || 0 || 1st Pacific Northern || Lost Round 1 (Billings 54, Lincoln 51)
 * 2003 || 9 || 5 || 0 || 2nd Pacific Northern || --
 * 2004 || 3 || 11 || 0 || 4th Pacific Northern || --
 * 2005 || 1 || 13 || 0 || 5th Pacific Western || --
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Lincoln Capitols/St. Joseph Explorers
 * 2006 || 0 || 14 || 0 || 3rd Pacific Western || --
 * 2002 || 10 || 4 || 0 || 1st Pacific Northern || Lost Round 1 (Billings 54, Lincoln 51)
 * 2003 || 9 || 5 || 0 || 2nd Pacific Northern || --
 * 2004 || 3 || 11 || 0 || 4th Pacific Northern || --
 * 2005 || 1 || 13 || 0 || 5th Pacific Western || --
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Lincoln Capitols/St. Joseph Explorers
 * 2006 || 0 || 14 || 0 || 3rd Pacific Western || --
 * 2005 || 1 || 13 || 0 || 5th Pacific Western || --
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Lincoln Capitols/St. Joseph Explorers
 * 2006 || 0 || 14 || 0 || 3rd Pacific Western || --
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Lincoln Capitols/St. Joseph Explorers
 * 2006 || 0 || 14 || 0 || 3rd Pacific Western || --
 * 2006 || 0 || 14 || 0 || 3rd Pacific Western || --
 * colspan="2"| (including playoffs)
 * }

title: Lincoln Capitols


text:
Tri-Cities Fever

The Tri-Cities Fever was a professional indoor football franchise based in Kennewick, Washington. The Fever joined National Indoor Football League (NIFL) in 2005 as an expansion team. The Fever were owned by Teri Carr. From 2005 to 2016, the Fever played their home games at the Toyota Center in Kennewick, Washington. On June 30, 2016, the team announced it would go dormant for the 2017 season and beyond.

The Fever won one division title and three conference championships. They appeared in two United Bowls, most recently the 2012 United Bowl where they were defeated by the Sioux Falls Storm 59–32.

National Indoor Football League (NIFL)
The Fever were founded and accepted into the National Indoor Football League (NIFL) September 2004. Craig Beverlin was tabbed as the team's first ever head coach. After an 0–2 start, Beverlin resigned as the head coach of the Fever, and starting quarterback Scott Mitchell quit the team. The team promoted Special Teams Coach, Dan Whitsett to head coach, and signed quarterback Doug Coleman to lead the team. The Fever rallied to a 9–5 regular season record, finishing 3rd in the Pacific West division. The Fever earned a berth in Indoor Bowl V on July 30, 2005, where they defeated the Rome Renegades 47–31 in Kennewick.

Move to af2
After the 2006 season, the Fever announced they were leaving the NIFL. On September 4, it was confirmed that they were moving to United Indoor Football, along with the Billings Outlaws and River City Rage. The league was expected to make an official announcement at a press conference sometime on the weekend of September 11, and was also hoping to add the Rapid City Flying Aces and Wyoming Cavalry soon. However, Tri-Cities instead joined the af2 which had in-state rival Spokane.

New ownership, new logo
The new ownership had introduced a new logo, with team colors and uniforms that were reminiscent of the Miami Dolphins on December 13, 2006 (left), but because of general fan dislike, the team announced on January 9, 2007, that they would be switching back to their old color scheme and logo.

Back to the Carrs, on to the IFL
There had been speculation that the Fever would fold after the 2009 season, however, on September 6, it was announced that J. R. and Teri Carr had bought back the team from Texas af2 holdings, ensuring the Fever would return for the 2010 season. Later that month, it was announced that the af2 was shutting down and the new Arena Football 1 (AF1) was taking its place, including the Fever as a charter team. The Fever would drop out of the AF1 however on November 19 as the Tier 2 division, which the Fever were slated to be in, was scrapped by the league due to a lack of teams. So the Fever joined the Indoor Football League based in Richmond, Virginia. The Fever joined former rival (NIFL) and defending IFL champion the Billings Outlaws and new in-state rival the Kent Predators.

On June 30, 2016, after seven years in the IFL, the Fever announced the franchise would go into dormancy but remain in good standing with the IFL for the 2017 season and beyond. However, former owner Teri Carr has no intentions on bringing the team back.

Awards and honors
The following is a list of all Fever players who have won league Awards

All-IFL players
The following Fever players have been named to All-IFL Teams:
 * QB Houston Lillard (2)
 * RB Keithon Flemming (1), Andrew Pierce (1)
 * WR Thyron Lewis (1), Joey Hew Len (1), Steven Whitehead (2)
 * OL William Falakiseni (1)
 * DL Jake Killeen (2)
 * DB Dennis Rogan (1), Lionell Singleton (3), Rudell Crim (1). Donyae Coleman (1), Troy Sanders (1), Boubacar Cissoko (1), Dee Maggitt (1)

Head coaches
Craig Beverlin was the initial head coach for the Fever, but after a 0–2 start, Beverlin was fired, and the details of his dismissal were never shared publicly. Beverlin was replaced by Special Teams coach, Dan Whitsett. On July 8, 2006, Whitsett resigned from his coaching position, just days before the Fever were to start the playoffs. On April 26, 2009 Head coach Richard Davis was fired after an 0–5 start to the season. On April 27, Pat O'Hara, Head coach of the Arena Football League's Los Angeles Avengers was named Head coach of the Fever while the AFL was suspended. O'Hara was going to remain Fever coach for the 2010 season in the IFL until he was offered head coaching job of the Orlando Predators of the af1. He was replaced by former Spokane Shock head coach Adam Shackleford. Shackleford coached the Fever to a record 50 wins in 6 seasons as the head coach. He has since returned to the Shock. On September 1, 2015, the Fever hired Ryan Lingenfelder as their next head coach.

Media coverage
Previously 106.5 FM Eagle was the home of the Fever. Currently 610 KONA is the home of game broadcasts and a weekly Fever talk. The Fever have had a few games shown on local television channels, all home games of the 2011 season are viewed on a local FOX channel the following Thursday.

title: Tri-Cities Fever


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Barry Kulick

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 23:55, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Barry Kulick
Not notable. Has two films to his credit, and thats it. Donovan Ravenhull 02:54, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, produced two films. Kappa 03:41, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete produced two films with no established notability. Please don't cite the "Not paper" rule -- I'd make room for any filmmaker that's gained any kind of acceptance beyond friends and family. But anybody can spend a few bucks on a Hi-8 camera (back in '69 it would be a 16-mm) make a movie, and get it listed in IMDB. You need more than that before you deserve to be recorded for posterity. Isaac R 04:57, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep --- He only directed two films, but one of them starred Oliver Reed. Isaac R 19:03, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep just because you can get a cheap 8mm movie into IMDb (criterion in that case is public screening, eg a local film festival) doesnt mean that that's what these are. Nateji77 05:16, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * True, but it's not enough to speculate that the article's subject might be notable -- you have to actually demonstrate that it is. "Two movies" isn't notable, but "One movie that's a major Hollywood production is, which is why I changed my vote. Isaac R 19:03, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I turned Sitting Target into an article to "establish notability". Kappa 05:31, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — Yup, Sitting Target included Oliver Reed and Jill St. John. That's notable enough for me. But I'm easily amused. ;-) — RJH 05:50, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. -- Jonel 11:17, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. The major Hollywood production is enough for mine. Capitalistroadster 01:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Jagdkommando

The Jagdkommando (Hunting Commando) is the Austrian Armed Forces' special forces unit. The unit is based at Wiener Neustadt and is known to have a manpower of 400 operators.

History
The history of the Austrian Special Operations Forces begins in 1961, when a group of Austrian officers participated in the US Army's Ranger School as part of their training in order to set up a similar course for the eventual establishment of Jagdkommando. Jagdkommando training courses were set up on May 4, 1963, to train the first operators.

The Jagdkommando is the Austrian Armed Forces' special forces unit. The name Jagdkommando has its origins in the time of World War I, when small assault squads of the Austro-Hungarian Army were called what translates to "manhunt command".

Most of the missions are classified, but the Jagdkommando usually operates in places where regular Austrian troops are also located - such as the Balkans (KFOR, etc.), Afghanistan (ISAF/Resolute Support), and Chad (EUFOR Tchad/RCA). In the eastern area of Chad, about 50 Jagdkommando soldiers were deployed to protect refugee camps near the border to Darfur from early 2008 to 2009.
 * , it was reported that Jagdkommando selected a female Austrian soldier to serve in the unit.
 * In 2016, the Jagdkommando deployed to Mali alongside French Special Forces as part of Operation Barkhane.
 * In 2018, it was reported that Jagdkommando operators were in Burkina Faso to train Burkinabean troops.
 * On November 3, 2022, Jagdkommando has adopted Multicam Arid as their official camouflage uniform.

Structure
The unit is based at Wiener Neustadt. It is known to have a manpower of 400 operators. The unit is structured according to the following:
 * Headquarters
 * 1st Special Operations Task Group (Has fewer than 100 operators under a major)
 * 2nd Special Operations Task Group (Has fewer than 100 operators under a major)
 * 3rd Special Operations Task Group (Reserve)

Roles
Jagdkommando is known to operate under the following roles:
 * Reconnaissance
 * Commando operations (includes amphibious operations)
 * Counter-terrorist operations
 * SAR operations
 * Military training with soldiers from partner/friendly countries
 * Military aid to the civil power
 * Non-combatant evacuation operations

The unit was formerly in charge of VIP protection, but the responsibility was handed to Austrian Military Police units.

Training
Selection is usually held once a year and has a duration of 6 months. The program normally begins in January with 3 weeks (21 days) of pre-selection. During this time the candidate will take the physical tests required, receive additional training, and undergo a 72-hour (3-day) Field Exercise, which is the core event of the selection process.

Most candidates will fail during the 72-hour (3-day) exercise, which includes long road marches in squad size elements, psychological test batteries, and total sleep deprivation. The pre-selection course is conducted both by active operators and by enablers of the unit.

Normally, 20-25% of all candidates will pass the pre selection course and continue with the so-called Jagdkommandogrundkurs, the basic course of selection. The first few weeks are held in the remote area of Allentsteig, a giant military training area in close proximity to the Czech border. The first seven weeks of small unit tactics are overshadowed with plenty of snow, freezing weather, very small amounts of sleep, and continuous physical performance. Candidates get used to a heavy Lowe Rucksack and spend most of their day with it on their backs while conducting patrols, ambushes, and raids in the forests around Allentsteig.

After the small unit tactics phase, which eliminates the last few unfitting candidates, the basic course continues with block courses of two or three weeks each:
 * Basic Demolition Course
 * Airborne Course
 * Amphibious Insertion/Extraction Course
 * Field Survival Course
 * Basic CQB Course
 * Combat Diver Course
 * Field Training Exercises
 * SERE

SERE
The final and most infamous course is the SERE training. Over the last few years, the SERE training has been taking part in the Alps of Salzburg. The "run phase" lasts up to ten days, while the candidate must check in at given checkpoints every 24 hours. The checkpoints are set 20 – apart. Considering the mountains in between the points and the tactical need to stay off roads and trails, the candidates are typically very busy meeting their time limits, and they have little time to sleep. Finally, after days on the run and being hunted down by infantry units, helicopters, and K9 units, the candidates are ambushed and captured at one of their checkpoints. This marks the beginning of the "captivity phase". Being the last phase of the selection course, this phase lasts 72 hours (3 days).

Further training

 * After completing the SERE course, the remaining soldiers (normally 10-15% of all applicants who started the pre selection course) are accepted into the Jagdkommando brotherhood and awarded the "mud-green" beret with the Unit Crest on it. Most of the graduates will be given a slot as active operators in one of the two Task Groups of the unit, while some go back to their regular Army unit.
 * Jagdkommando soldiers take extreme pride in their long and unique selection course and the prestige that comes along with earning the olive beret inside the armed forces.
 * If a soldier is chosen to become an operator after selection, he will attend the Einsatzausbildung 1, a course where he will refine his operator skills. The training will last up to one year.
 * Normally, it starts off with a five-week drivers course, followed by shooting classes. This will be the first time for operators to use the advanced weapon systems Steyr AUG A2 Kdo and the FN P90. After weeks at the shooting range, the next courses will be very mountain orientated, like the mountain airborne course, winter warfare and mountaineering courses, and ski training.
 * After the mountain courses, the individual job training will begin. Depending on the assignment the operator will attend the Weapon Sergeant Course, Medic Course, Communications Sergeant Course or Engineer Course.
 * The SOF CQB course that follows teaches the latest techniques in HRO, CC, and DDO. Jagdkommando operators train together with several NATO SOF units worldwide and so the used SOPs and tactics are very similar to other SOF units.
 * Different other courses will complete the Einsatzausbildung 1, such as the Urban SR course, advanced combatives training, and Air Assault techniques.
 * After more than 18 months of training the operator will be assigned a team in the 1st SOTG (Special Operations Task Group) or the 2nd SOTG. The 3rd SOTG belongs to the Army Reserve Component. A typical Jagdkommando team consists of six operators: the Team Leader, Team Sergeant, a Weapons Sergeant/Sniper, Engineer Sergeant, Medic Sergeant and Communication Sergeant. Each team is assigned to one insertion speciality, such as freefall, amphibious, mountain, and mobility.

Weapons

 * Steyr AUG
 * HK416
 * HK417P
 * FN Herstal P90
 * Glock 17 / 18 / 21 / 26
 * MG74
 * M2 Browning
 * Remington 870
 * Steyr SSG 69
 * Steyr SSG 04
 * Steyr SSG 08
 * Steyr SSG M1
 * Barrett M82
 * Barrett M95

title: Jagdkommando


text:
Talk:Alexis Argüello

Black bottle
see my comment on the Aaron Pryor talk page. The discussion about the black bottle is legitimate, boxing fans still discuss it to this day and it is very controversial. One mistake, though is that then-Ring Magazine editor Randy Gordon actually noticed Pryor trainer Panama Lewis hand Pryor the bottle during the fight. He asked Lewis about it later that night, and Lewis claimed it contained sherry and raw eggs. No one believed him, though... User:Jsc1973

I do not think that mentioning the black bottle violates NPOV. Any discussion of Arguello-Pryor I mentions it. To remove it would be to leave out important information about the giht.Unklelemmy 00:04, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Can someone find a source for the connection between the gunman at the fight and the Sandinistas? While it mays seem 'reasonable' given the enmity between them, it is pretty controversial without a source. My attempt to find one on the web turned up nothing except versions of this same wikipedia article. All other aspects of the Sandinista vs. Arguello struggle were easy to find independent sourcing for (property seizure, press blackout, Arguello's volunteering for the contras, etc.), but not this claim of connection to the gunman. Note that the article on 'battle of the champions' makes no mention of the Sandinista connection. If, after a month or so, no one can support this, I'll remove it. --Pallen 22:42, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Assessment
On second thoughts, this really needs some improvement to reach B-class (or higher). Most importantly, it needs to be properly formatted, but it also needs an infobox (and images, if available) and the addition of citations. Carom 06:37, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

I added an info box. I'm working on getting a pic uploaded. I was really shocked that this page was so meager. Tabber87 21:17, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

Death
I changed the biography status (on the discussion page) to living=no. The section in the article on "Death" is very poorly written, and in fact is a straight verbatim translation of the first paragraph in the (Spanish-language) article cited in the reference. 38.104.206.50 (talk) 14:35, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

I added "allegedly" killed himself. This is supposed to be historic fact not some media frenzy please be more responsible in your posts especially when you have people like me who have looked up to the person. It hasn't even been 10 hours since he passed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jmc617 (talk • contribs) 18:14, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Alexis Argüello


text:
Stephanian

Stephanian can refer to:

 * Stephanian (stage), a stage in the European stratigraphy of the Carboniferous
 * Stephanian school of literature, a body of fictional works written by the alumni of St. Stephen's College, Delhi
 * A student at St. Stephen's College, Delhi, a college of the University of Delhi, India

title: Stephanian


text:
Wyoming Cavalry

The Wyoming Cavalry were an American professional indoor football team based in Casper, Wyoming. They were most recently members of the Intense Conference in the Indoor Football League (IFL). The Cavalry began play in 2000 as an expansion member of the original Indoor Football League as the Casper Cavalry. The Cavalry became a charter member of the National Indoor Football League (NIFL) in 2001 following the original IFL's purchase by the Arena Football League's Orlando Predators. The move in 2001 also brought a franchise name change to the current Wyoming Cavalry. The team then joined the American Indoor Football Association (AIFA) in 2008 after the NIFL's demise. With the AIFA's presence in the Western United States dwindling, the Cavalry joined the IFL in 2011. In September, 2014, majority owner Mitch Zimmerman announced that the team would cease operations.

The Cavalry played their home games at the Casper Events Center.

History
The team began play in 2000 as an expansion member of the original Indoor Football League as the Casper Cavalry. Despite a successful inaugural season, they fell in the playoffs to the Black Hills Machine. When the original IFL folded, the Cavalry moved to the newly formed National Indoor Football League as the "Wyoming Cavalry" and became a charter member. The team also saw front office changes, as they were purchased by a local ownership group, headed by Mike Argeri Layton. The team was decently successful, making the playoffs in four of their seven overall seasons, as well as making it to the inaugural Indoor Bowl, losing to the Mississippi Fire Dogs.

On August 18, 2007, the Cavalry officially announced they would join the American Indoor Football Association as a flagship team of the league's new Western Division. On July 26, 2009, the Cavalry hosted the Reading Express in AIFA Bowl III and were defeated 65–42. On July 25, 2010, the Cavalry traveled to Baltimore to take on the Mariners in AIFA Bowl IV and would go on to lose 57–42. As of the end of the 2010 season, the Cavalry are 0–5 in championship games.

On September 1, 2010, the Cavalry announced they would be joining the Indoor Football League as an expansion member for the 2011 season.

For the 2013 season, its third in the IFL, the Cavalry hired rookie head coach Ryan Lingenfelder to replace longtime head coach Dan "Majic" Maciejczak. Lingenfelder, a former AFL player, served as defensive coordinator of the Tri-Cities Fever for the previous three seasons. Shortly before the 2013 season began, the owner of the Cheyenne Warriors died and the IFL revised its schedule to accommodate the now 9-team league. The Cavalry had been scheduled to play two games against the projected in-state rival. Barney O'Donnell III joined the team as the new starting quarterback. After compiling a 2–24 record in 2 seasons, Lingenfelder was relieved of his coaching duties.

Season-by-season
!Totals || 105 || 109 || 0
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Casper Cavalry (IFL)
 * 2000 || 9 || 5 || 0 || 3rd WC Northern || Lost Round 1 (Black Hills)
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Wyoming Cavalry (NIFL)
 * 2001 || 8 || 6 || 0 || 2nd Pacific Central || Won Round 1 (Utah) Won Round 2 (Sioux Falls)Lost Indoor Bowl I (Mississippi)
 * 2002 || 3 || 11 || 0 || 5th Pacific West || --
 * 2003 || 4 || 10 || 0 || 6th Pacific West || --
 * 2004 || 5 || 9 || 0 || 3rd Pacific West || --
 * 2005 || 10 || 4 || 0 || 2nd Pacific West || Lost Round 1 (Tri-Cities)
 * 2006 || 8 || 6 || 0 || 2nd Pacific West || Lost Round 1 (Tri-Cities)
 * 2007 || 7 || 1 || 0 || 1st Pacific ||
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Wyoming Cavalry (AIFA)
 * 2008 || 11 || 3 || 0 || 1st WC West ||Won WCW Round 1 (Arizona)Won Divisional (Mississippi)Lost AIFA Championship Bowl II (Florence)
 * 2009 || 12 || 2 || 0 || 1st West || Won Divisional (Utah Valley)Lost AIFA Championship Bowl III (Reading)
 * 2010 || 13 || 1 || 0 || 1st West || Won Divisional (San Jose)Lost AIFA Championship Bowl IV (Baltimore)
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Wyoming Cavalry (IFL)
 * 2011 || 9 || 5 || 0 || 2nd Mountain West || Lost Round 1 (Allen)
 * 2012 || 4 || 10 || 0 || 7th Intense ||
 * 2013 || 1 || 13 || 0 ||4th Intense || --
 * 2014 || 1 || 13 || 0 || 4th Intense || --
 * 2007 || 7 || 1 || 0 || 1st Pacific ||
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Wyoming Cavalry (AIFA)
 * 2008 || 11 || 3 || 0 || 1st WC West ||Won WCW Round 1 (Arizona)Won Divisional (Mississippi)Lost AIFA Championship Bowl II (Florence)
 * 2009 || 12 || 2 || 0 || 1st West || Won Divisional (Utah Valley)Lost AIFA Championship Bowl III (Reading)
 * 2010 || 13 || 1 || 0 || 1st West || Won Divisional (San Jose)Lost AIFA Championship Bowl IV (Baltimore)
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Wyoming Cavalry (IFL)
 * 2011 || 9 || 5 || 0 || 2nd Mountain West || Lost Round 1 (Allen)
 * 2012 || 4 || 10 || 0 || 7th Intense ||
 * 2013 || 1 || 13 || 0 ||4th Intense || --
 * 2014 || 1 || 13 || 0 || 4th Intense || --
 * colspan="6" align="center" | Wyoming Cavalry (IFL)
 * 2011 || 9 || 5 || 0 || 2nd Mountain West || Lost Round 1 (Allen)
 * 2012 || 4 || 10 || 0 || 7th Intense ||
 * 2013 || 1 || 13 || 0 ||4th Intense || --
 * 2014 || 1 || 13 || 0 || 4th Intense || --
 * 2013 || 1 || 13 || 0 ||4th Intense || --
 * 2014 || 1 || 13 || 0 || 4th Intense || --
 * 2014 || 1 || 13 || 0 || 4th Intense || --
 * 2014 || 1 || 13 || 0 || 4th Intense || --
 * colspan="2"| (including playoffs)

Awards and honors
The following is a list of all Cavalry players who have won league Awards

All-IFL players
The following Cavalry players have been named to All-IFL Teams:
 * WR Jasonus Tillary (1), Troy Evans (1), Samuel Charles (1)
 * K Travis Atter (1)

Head coaches
Note: Statistics are correct through the end of the 2014 Indoor Football League season.

title: Wyoming Cavalry


text:
If I Can't

"If I Can't" is a song recorded by American rapper 50 Cent for his debut studio album Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2003). It is one of the album's four tracks produced by Dr. Dre, with co-production from frequent collaborator Mike Elizondo. Lyrically, the song describes how 50 Cent believes that "if I [he] can't do it [referring to anything], it can't be done". It was released as the fourth and final single from Get Rich or Die Tryin' on September 16, 2003, by Interscope Records, Shady Records and Aftermath Entertainment.

"If I Can't" failed to match the commercial success of its predecessors, peaking only at number 76 on the US Billboard Hot 100. However, it peaked at number ten in the United Kingdom, after being released as a double A-side single with G-Unit's song "Poppin' Them Thangs".

Background

 * ""Before my album Get Rich or Die Tryin' came out, there was a big debate about what the first single should be. Jimmy Iovine thought it should be the one that Dr. Dre produced, 'If I Can't'. But Em wanted 'In da Club'. In the end they were deadlocked, so they asked me and I told them, real quiet, 'In da Club'." – 50 Cent"

Released in 2003, it reached No. 76 in the US, becoming 50 Cent's sixth Hot 100 entry, but nonetheless his weakest charting single at that time. It also peaked at No. 10 in the UK as a double A-side with "Poppin' Them Thangs" (G-Unit). The song was written by 50 Cent, Dr. Dre, and Mike Elizondo, with production by Dr. Dre, and Mike Elizondo.

Music video
At the start there is a white man introducing 50 Cent; it then consists of video footage of 50 Cent in different concerts and documentaries. All of the members of G-Unit are seen in the video. It is very similar to the music video to Eminem's 2003 single "Sing for the Moment".

Track listing

 * UK CD single
 * 1) "If I Can't" - 3:16
 * 2) "Poppin' Them Thangs" (with G-Unit) - 3:45
 * 3) "In da Club" (Live in New York) - 4:52
 * 4) "If I Can't" (Music Video) - 3:24
 * 5) "Poppin' Them Things" (Music Video) - 3:48

 * German CD single
 * 1) "If I Can't" - 3:16
 * 2) "Poppin' Them Things" (with G-Unit) - 3:45

 * Australian CD single
 * 1) "If I Can't" - 3:16
 * 2) "In da Club" (Live in New York) - 4:52
 * 3) "What Up Gangsta" (Live in New York) - 4:08
 * 4) "If I Can't" (Instrumental) - 3:08

title: If I Can't


text:
Safdar Hashmi

Safdar Hashmi (12 April 1954 – 2 January 1989) was a communist playwright and director, best known for his work with street theatre in India. He was also an actor, lyricist, and theorist, and he is still considered an important voice in Indian political theatre. He was an activist of the Students' Federation of India (SFI).

He was a founding member of Jana Natya Manch (People's Theatre Front; JANAM for short) in 1973, which grew out of the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA). He was murdered in 1989 in Jhandapur, while performing a street play, Halla Bol.

Early life
Safdar Hashmi was born on 12 April 1954 in Delhi, to Haneef and Qamar Azad Hashmi. He spent the early part of his life in Delhi and Aligarh, where he grew up in a liberal environment, and went on to complete his schooling in Delhi. Actress Saba Azad is his niece.

Hashmi graduated from St. Stephen's College, Delhi with a degree in English Literature, and went on to complete his M.A. in English from Delhi University. During this period, he became associated with the cultural unit of the Students' Federation of India, the student wing of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), and eventually with the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA). In the years before and after his graduation, he worked on several plays with IPTA, such as Kimlesh, and Dekhte Lena.

Career and activism
Hashmi co-founded the Jana Natya Manch (People's Theatre Front), with the acronym JANAM ("birth" in Hindi), in 1973. JANAM grew out of the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) and was associated with the Communist Party of India (Marxist), with which he was actively involved in the 1970s. When Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was accused of rigging the elections, he produced a street play, Kursi, Kursi, Kursi (Chair, Chair, Chair), as a reaction to the controversy. The play narrates the story of a king whose throne moves with him when he attempts to give it up in favour of an elected representative. The play was performed every day for a week, at the Boat Club Lawns in New Delhi, then a hub of political activity. It proved to be a turning point for JANAM.

Until 1975, JANAM performed open-air proscenium and street plays for mass audiences. When Indira Gandhi imposed a state of emergency and made political theatre difficult, Hashmi began to work as a lecturer in English literature in universities in Garhwal, Kashmir, and Delhi.

When the Emergency ended in 1977, he returned to political activism, and in 1978, JANAM took to street theatre in a big way with Machine, which was performed for a trade union meeting of over 200,000 workers on 20 November 1978. This was followed by plays on the distress of small peasants (Gaon Se Shahar Tak), on clerical fascism (Hatyare & Apharan Bhaichare Ke), on unemployment (Teen Crore), on violence against women (Aurat) and on inflation (DTC ki Dhandhli). Hashmi also produced several documentaries and a TV serial for Doordarshan, including Khilti Kaliyan (Flowers in Bloom), which examined rural empowerment. He also wrote books for children and criticism of the Indian stage.

Hashmi was the de facto director of JANAM, and prior to his death, it gave about 4,000 performances of 24 street plays, mostly in working-class neighbourhoods, factories and workshops. Hashmi was a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), the largest communist party in India.

In 1979, he married his comrade and theatre actress, Moloyshree. Later, he worked for the Press Trust of India (PTI) and The Economic Times as a journalist, and then became Press Information Officer of the Government of West Bengal in Delhi. In 1984, he gave up his job and devoted himself full-time to political activism.

Hashmi’s output includes two proscenium plays – an adaptation of Maxim Gorky’s Enemies (1983) and Moteram ka Satyagraha (with Habib Tanvir, 1988) – many songs, a television series script, poems and plays for children, and documentary films. While committed to radical, popular, and left-wing art, Hashmi refrained from clichéd portrayals, and was not afraid of formal experimentation.

Murder
On 1 January 1989, the JANAM troupe began a performance of the street play Halla Bol (Raise Your Voice!), during the Ghaziabad municipal elections in Sahibabad's Jhandapur village (near Delhi). During the performance, the troupe was attacked by Indian National Congress workers. Hashmi was fatally injured and died the following day. On 4 January 1989, two days after his death, his wife Moloyshree Hashmi went to the same spot again with the JANAM troupe, and defiantly completed the play.

Fourteen years after the incident, a Ghaziabad court convicted ten people, including Congress Party member Mukesh Sharma, for the murder.

Legacy
Hashmi has become a symbol of cultural resistance against authoritarianism for the Indian Left. JANAM continues its theatre work, and on 12 April 2012, Hashmi's birthday, the group inaugurated Studio Safdar, a performance and workshop space located in Shadi Khampur, near Patel Nagar in Central Delhi. The space is next door to a left-wing cafe and bookstore, May Day. The writer Bhisham Sahni, along with many other artists, founded the Safdar Hashmi Memorial Trust (SAHMAT) in February 1989, as an open platform for politically and socially conscious artists. Hashmi's writings were later collected in The Right to Perform: Selected Writings of Safdar Hashmi (New Delhi, 1989).

Each year on 1 January, the Safdar Hashmi Memorial Day is observed as a "Day of Resolve" by SAHMAT, and a daylong cultural congregation, "Jashn-e-Daura", is organised in New Delhi. The day is also commemorated by JANAM, which organises street plays at Jhandapur village, in Sahibabad, where he was killed.

In 1998, Safdar Hashmi Natyasangham was formed in Kozhikode, Kerala, which provides free training to economically backward students.

The 2003 film Anbe Sivam, made by Sundar C., and the 2008 film Halla Bol, made by Rajkumar Santoshi, were inspired by his life. The latter also depicts a scene where a street theatre activist is beaten by men hired by a political party, an incident which turns into a catalyst for a public uprising.

In 1989, the painter M.F. Husain had a painting "Tribute to Hashmi" sold at auction for over $1 million, the first time a painting by an Indian artist reached this valuation.

The 2020 book Halla Bol: The Death and Life of Safdar Hashmi by Sudhanva Deshpande recounts the events leading up to the attack on Jana Natya Manch's performance of the play Halla Bol in Jhandapur on January 1, 1989, in which Safdar sustained fatal injuries. It also discusses Safdar's work.

The Institute for Research and Documentation in Social Sciences (IRDS), a non-governmental organisation from Lucknow, has been awarding the Safdar Hashmi Award for Human Rights in reverence to his contributions to the cause of human rights. A street in Mandi House, New Delhi was named after Safdar Hashmi.

title: Safdar Hashmi


text:
Empiricism (album)

Empiricism is the fifth studio album by Norwegian heavy metal band Borknagar. It is their first studio album to feature Vintersorg frontman Andreas Hedlund on vocals and Jan Erik "Tyr" Tiwaz on bass. It was also the last album to feature Jens F. Ryland on guitar until his return to the band in 2010.

The album was recorded at Fagerborg Studio and Toproom Studio during June and July 2001, and was mixed and produced by the band and Børge Finstad.

Borknagar

 * Andreas Hedlund (credited as "Vintersorg") – vocals
 * Øystein G. Brun – electric guitar
 * Jens Fredrik Ryland – electric guitar
 * Jan Erik Tiwaz (credited as "Tyr") – bass guitar
 * Lars A. Nedland – backing vocals, grand piano, synthesizer, Hammond organ
 * Asgeir Mickelson – drums, percussion

Production

 * Borknagar - production, mixing
 * Borge Finstad - production, mixing, engineer
 * Ola Johansen - mastering
 * Christophe Szpajdel – logo

title: Empiricism (album)


text:
Category:Census divisions of Ontario

This category links articles related to counties, regions, districts and single tier municipalities in the Canadian province of Ontario.

See also Census divisions of Ontario.

title: Category:Census divisions of Ontario


text:
Michael Howlett

Michael J. Howlett Sr. (August 30, 1914 – May 4, 1992) was an American politician who served as the 24th Illinois Auditor of Public Accounts and 33rd Illinois Secretary of State. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Illinois in the 1976 Illinois gubernatorial election.

Early life
Howlett was born in Chicago, a son of Irish immigrants. Howlett was All-American water polo player, participating on ten championship teams of the Illinois Athletic Club. He graduated from St. Mel High School and briefly attended DePaul University, leaving in 1934 to become a state bank examiner.

Early career
In the 1930s, Howlett established an independent insurance business. He later served as Chicago-area director of the National Youth Administration, worked as an executive for the Chicago Park District, and was appointed regional director of the Economic Stabilization Agency. He later worked as a steel company executive. He served in the United States Navy during World War II.

Illinois Auditor
In 1956, Howlett ran for Illinois State Auditor and is credited with exposing incumbent Auditor Orville Hodge as having embezzled $6.15 million in state funds. While Hodge was removed from office and eventually sent to prison, Howlett lost the general election to Elbert Sidney Smith as part of a national Republican landslide. However, in the next general election, in 1960, Howlett was elected Auditor of Public Accounts (the Auditor's Office was the predecessor to the current office of Comptroller), and was re-elected twice. During Howlett's first term as Auditor, he cut the budget of the office by 20%, and returned over $600,000 of the funds stolen by Hodge to the state treasury.

In 1972, Howlett was elected Illinois Secretary of State, becoming the first Democratic state officer to win four consecutive statewide elections.

1976 Illinois Gubernatorial Campaign
Howlett was prepared to run for re-election in 1976, but was encouraged by Cook County Democrats to challenge incumbent Governor Dan Walker for the Democratic nomination in 1976. Howlett defeated Walker in the March primary, and stood as the Democratic nominee for governor of Illinois in the general election, whereupon he was defeated by Republican nominee James R. Thompson.

Throughout the campaign, Howlett was dogged by conflict of interest charges, first raised by Walker, over payments Howlett received as an executive at Sun Steel Company. A report issued by former Illinois Supreme Court Justice Marvin Burt at the behest of Republican state Attorney General William J. Scott was highly critical of Howlett. However, a Cook County judge ruled no conflict of interest had arisen, and cleared Howlett. Thompson, who successfully prosecuted former Illinois governor Otto Kerner Jr., continued to hammer the issue during the general election campaign, and attacked Howlett as corrupt, and Attorney General Scott vowed to appeal the judge's ruling. Ironically, it was Scott who later was forced to resign after a felony conviction.

Early polls of the contest had Howlett in the lead, although Thompson had nearly closed the gap by the time of the primary. However, Walker's attacks during the bitter primary weakened Howlett, and by August, Thompson held a slim lead in the polls. His lead expanded during the campaign, and Howlett ended up losing by 30 percentage points (nearly 1.4 million votes), the widest margin of defeat for any Democratic Nominee for Governor of Illinois in history. Thompson was the first candidate for Governor to receive over 3 million votes, and his tally of 3,000,395 remains the highest number of votes ever cast for a candidate in an election for Governor of Illinois.

Retirement
After his loss in the 1976 governor's race, Howlett opened a private consulting business.

Howlett would later see his son run for statewide office through bizarre circumstances. In the 1986 Democratic primary for lieutenant governor, former U.S. Senator Adlai Stevenson III and the Democratic Party selected State senator George E. Sangmeister as the party-preferred candidate, however he narrowly lost the primary to Mark Fairchild (a Lyndon LaRouche activist). After LaRouche followers had won the Democratic nominations for both Lieutenant Governor and Secretary of State, Stevenson refused to run as the Democratic standard-bearer, and formed the Solidarity Party. When Sangmeister was unwilling to run with Stevenson in the fall, Howlett's son Michael J. Howlett Jr., then a Cook County judge, was nominated by the Solidarity Party. Stevenson-Howlett went down to defeat in the fall, with only 40% of the vote. Another son, Edward G. Howlett, was the unsuccessful Republican nominee for Chicago City Clerk in 1995.

Death and legacy
Howlett died in Chicago's Mercy Hospital of chronic kidney failure. He had suffered a stroke three months earlier and remained hospitalized from then until his death.

The building housing the offices of the Illinois Secretary of State in Springfield, Illinois, formerly known as the Centennial Building, is named after Howlett.

Election history
!bgcolor=#CCCCCC |Year !bgcolor=#CCCCCC |Office !bgcolor=#CCCCCC |Election ! !bgcolor=#CCCCCC |Subject !bgcolor=#CCCCCC |Party !bgcolor=#CCCCCC |Votes !bgcolor=#CCCCCC |% ! !bgcolor=#CCCCCC |Opponent !bgcolor=#CCCCCC |Party !bgcolor=#CCCCCC |Votes !bgcolor=#CCCCCC |%
 * 1976
 * Governor of Illinois
 * Primary
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Michael Howlett
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Democratic
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF align = "right"|811,721
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |53.82
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Dan Walker (Inc.)
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Democratic
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF align = "right"|696,380
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |46.18
 * 1972
 * Illinois Secretary of State
 * General
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Michael Howlett
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Democratic
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |2,360,327
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |51.69
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Edmund J. Kucharski
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Republican
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |2,187,544
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |47.91
 * 1968
 * Illinois Auditor of Public Accounts
 * General
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Michael Howlett (Inc.)
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Democratic
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |2,215,401
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |50.99
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |William C. Harris
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Republican
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |2,106,676
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |48.49
 * 1964
 * Illinois Auditor of Public Accounts
 * General
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Michael Howlett (Inc.)
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Democratic
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |2,513,831
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |55.47
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |John Kirby
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Republican
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |2,017,951
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |44.53
 * 1960
 * Illinois Auditor of Public Accounts
 * General
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Michael Howlett
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Democratic
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |2,296,220
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |50.44
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Elbert S. Smith (Inc.)
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Republican
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |2,246,833
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |49.35
 * 1956
 * Illinois Auditor of Public Accounts
 * General
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Michael Howlett
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Democratic
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |1,992,707
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |47.23
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Elbert S. Smith
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Republican
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |2,217,229
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |52.55
 * 1950
 * Illinois Treasurer
 * General
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Michael Howlett
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Democratic
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |1,568,763
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |44.32
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |William G. Stratton
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Republican
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |1,959,734
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |55.36
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |1,992,707
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |47.23
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Elbert S. Smith
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Republican
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |2,217,229
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |52.55
 * 1950
 * Illinois Treasurer
 * General
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Michael Howlett
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Democratic
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |1,568,763
 * bgcolor=#DDEEFF |44.32
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |William G. Stratton
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Republican
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |1,959,734
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |55.36
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |William G. Stratton
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Republican
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |1,959,734
 * bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |55.36

title: Michael Howlett


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jake Morphonios

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 23:19, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Jake Morphonios
Nonsense. --W(t) 03:03, 2005 May 29 (UTC)
 * Delete Xcali 03:49, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 04:57, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * D - reverting vandalism to user votes, obvious BS. Fawcett5 04:19, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment User:66.20.180.32 has been vandalising the page by changing user votes. JamesBurns 06:57, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 06:57, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Vandalized again, no vote. This IP certainly deserves a block. Grue 10:18, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Countermeasure

Eh? On the poison gas page, IG Farben is described as providing chemical weapons in the first world war. Here it says it was a reaction to Germany's defeat in the first one. We should probably add chronology to this page.

Very technical
this edit turned it from a general reference article into a very technical and kind of esoteric one. It needs a copyedit for readability. Night Gyr (talk/Oy) 07:17, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Very technical indeed. Sounds like it was written by somebody who is well versed in the subject matter, but tried too hard to sound smart and not enough to sound clear.

Also, the cited figures for the infrared spectrum conflict. Is there a consensus in terms of military application? Thrashbarg 16:42, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Merge

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested merge. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the merge request was page merged to Active Protection System by User name one. Non-admin closure. username 1 (talk) 05:09, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

There shouldn't be any argument that there needs to be a merge, however, which one should stay and which one should go?username 1 (talk) 19:57, 21 November 2009 (UTC)

I changed my mind. Content on this article should be merged to Active Protection System and this article should act as the parent article for armor, Active Protection System, and camouflage. username 1 (talk) 20:17, 22 November 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

 * I think the page should be left up for so long as the merge has not actually been completed. If the contents have not been moved elsewhere then it is wrong to delete them, until that is done. --Hibernian (talk) 03:09, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

Can't be merged
This page can't be merged owing to the belated expansion of the definition of countermeasures. The previous introduction omitted a very significant meaning and use of the term, focusing on the very narrow definition restricted to recently introduced field of military electronics. Koakhtzvigad (talk) 23:52, 27 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I don't see how that's a problem. One term is wider than the other, right?  Yet, the articles have nearly identical contents.  So, the wider one can survive and include the narrower, right?  Jim.henderson (talk) 23:58, 27 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Jim, its not a problem now, but was.
 * Firstly the countermeasures can refer to more than the electronic spectrum, i.e. armour on a tank is the original countermeasure to anything being fired at the crew. A sea mine is a countermeasure to enemy shipping convoys. Etc.
 * However, the Active protection system article didn't explain what 'active' referred to, and there is already an Electronic countermeasures article that the Active protection system should be linked to. I linked the Sensor node article section that explains the difference between the three types of sensors, and also to the Electronic countermeasures as the 'mother' article.
 * Its the English language problem of too many concepts and not enough words, as in for example the Firestop passive fire protection system.
 * There is no Passive protection system though, which are also used on vehicles, as here for exampleKoakhtzvigad (talk) 06:14, 28 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Sorry to be late; been busy with photos of a blizzard, etc. Yes, any language has words with multiple meanings, such as Spanish "Llave" or German "Schuss".  Most such obstacles can be worked around with a modest level of thought.  In our case yes, archers on chariots are a countermeasure against a host of swordsmen, and a ditch is a counter against the chariots, and a portable bridge counters the ditch etc.  So, instead of a merger, this article can be the general one with very brief mentions of ECM, shaped charge, explosive armor.... I mean, armour, camouflage, radio silence, degaussing the hull, and links to the various articles for specific counters against whatever the enemy are using.  That would mean deleting most the contents of the present article, since it now has little except a duplicate of the active protection system article.  In accordance with WP:SUMMARY there's no need to duplicate large dollops of text.  For countertopics not covered by their own articles, instead of creating those articles we can expand this article do the job.  Better proposal?  Jim.henderson (talk) 02:36, 30 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Sure. Probably there needs to be several military-related countermeasures artilces, such as Countermeasures (mobility), the electronic one already exists, Countermesures (Chemical) would include both military and industrial hazard concepts, etc.Koakhtzvigad (talk) 06:13, 30 December 2010 (UTC)
 * What is going to be your course of action?Koakhtzvigad (talk) 06:30, 30 December 2010 (UTC)
 * PS. Hope you got a photogenic blizzard :)
 * It's a bit complex, as usual when a bunch of related articles are a mess due to narrow minded editors not comparing articles for their potential for useful links. Take down the merge flag; check the duplicated sections for ones where this version is better than the APS version, move those sections to that article, and delete 90% or more of this article, replacing with links to existing ones.  Check for other WP:FORKs.  I do not intend to enter new information, being too lazy to seek proper sourcing for my own entries.  As with many topics, what's wrong in this area is not much a matter of absence of good text.  It's more a matter of bad text, and especially of poor distribution of text and links among the appropriate articles.  At least, that's the part that my limited topical knowledge can handle, slowly.  Jim.henderson (talk) 23:37, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

Easier than expecteed, since the forked sections were precisely identical and the search for other forks came up empty. I also added a picture and bulleted a few "passives" assuming someone will want to add many more such as gas mask, torpedo net and the like. I deleted something I just plain didn't understand and hope someone with better background can restore it as workable prose. Some weak material may remain, and the "active" paragraph still doesn't run smoothly but I'll let it lie a day or two, keeping busy with post blizzard photo processing and other Wikimatters while hoping someone with greater topical knowledge finds ways to improve this article. Jim.henderson (talk) 12:02, 31 December 2010 (UTC)

Languages
The interwikis don't work here, in the English Wikipedia article. Just check, for example, the French article: all other wikis in other languages are in the list (Català, Deutsch, English, Español, فارسی, Italiano, 한국어, Português, Русский and Svenska). Why the languages list is here, in the English article, sooooooo empty? What's the problem? Kintaro (talk) 07:48, 9 October 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Countermeasure


text:
French pressure cell press

The French pressure cell press, or French press, is an apparatus used in biological experimentation to disrupt the plasma membrane of cells by passing them through a narrow valve under high pressure. The French press can also be used for disintegration of chloroplasts, homogenates of animal tissue, and other biological particles. It is capable of disrupting cell walls while leaving the cell nucleus undisturbed. The French press was invented by Charles Stacy French of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The press uses an external hydraulic pump to drive a piston within a larger cylinder that contains the liquid sample. The highly pressurized sample is then squeezed past a needle valve. As the sample passes through the valve, the fluid experiences shear stress and decompression, causing cellular disruption. The major components of a French press are made of stainless steel to prevent sample contamination.

A French press is commonly used to break the resilient plasma membrane and cell walls of bacteria and other microorganisms for isolation of proteins and other cellular components. The disruption of cells in a French press generates 'inside-out' membrane vesicles which are required for many in vitro biochemical assays. The cell is typically chilled overnight before use to preserve enzymatic activities.

Disadvantages of the press include that it is not well suited for processing large sample volumes, and is somewhat difficult to operate as a result of the large weight of the assembly (about 14 kg). Another disadvantage is that the input cell volume must be free of large cell clumps, which requires a pre-processing step (typically, by sonication). If cell clumps are not removed prior to processing, clogging of the valve occurs, and the unit must be cleaned thoroughly before the processing can continue. As a result, many protein purification labs find that the use of lysozyme and sonication is sufficient for routine bacterial protein expression.

Other technologies, such as sonication and ball mills, are available for many of the same purposes, and have their own advantages and disadvantages. For example, sonication can generate high shear forces that break cellular DNA into small fragments. With a French press, the shear force can be carefully modulated by adjusting the piston pressure. The Press provides a single pass through the point of maximum shear force, limiting damage to delicate biological structures due to repeated shear, as occurs in other disruption methods.

title: French pressure cell press


text:
Nigel Dennis

Nigel Forbes Dennis (16 January 1912 – 19 July 1989) was an English writer, critic, playwright and magazine editor.

Life
Born at his grandfather's house in Surrey, England, Dennis was the son of Lt.-Col. Michael Frederic Beauchamp Dennis, DSO, of the King's Own Scottish Borderers, who came of an old Devonshire family, and Louise, née Bosanquet, whose ancestors were bankers of Huguenot origin. (Louise's cousin, the bowler B.J.T. Bosanquet, invented the "googly", or "Bosie", as it is sometimes known. (Letters to The Times May 1963). The family moved to Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and after his father's death in action in 1918, his mother married Fitzroy Spencer Griffin. Dennis attended school in Rhodesia. At fifteen he joined his uncle, Ernan Forbes Dennis (a British diplomat who had worked as Vice-Consul in Vienna as a cover for his real role as MI6 Head of Station with responsibility for Austria, Hungary and Yugoslavia), and his wife, the novelist Phyllis Bottome, at their school in Kitzbühel. Dennis's further education was completed at the Odenwaldschule in Germany, a progressive co-educational establishment, after which he returned to England. He remained there for four years until 1934, when he went to the United States to work as a journalist.

Dennis was married twice, firstly to Marie-Madeleine Massias, from Charente-Maritime, France. They had two daughters, Frederica Freer and Michie Herbert, a sculptor. His second marriage was to the actress Beatrice Ann Hewart Matthew.

He spent his last years mostly in Malta and died in Gloucestershire in July 1989.

Career
Dennis held jobs at the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, a censorship body; The New Republic, a progressive political journal; and Time. His job at Time returned him to Britain in 1950 (or 1949). Easing into novel writing, in 1949 he published his first acknowledged novel, Boys and Girls Come out to Play (A Sea Change in the USA), which won the Anglo-American novel award for that year (shared with Anthony West). It starts semi-autobiographically, with a depiction of a young man having an epileptic seizure, a condition Dennis had all his life. Later in 1955, Dennis published his most notable work, Cards of Identity, a witty psychological satire that gained cult acclaim. The novel was converted into a play the following year. Members of the Identity Club gather at an English country house to listen to papers discussing interesting case histories of various identity problems. The novel details many of the problems England experienced in the late forties and early fifties. His third novel, A House in Order also deals with the question of identity but it is more personal rather than social as it portrays how a prisoner keeps his mind in order during his imprisonment. Dennis's career involved a mixture of non-fiction, novel, criticism, and play-writing. His book reviews appeared in the Sunday Telegraph for twenty years, starting (with the newspaper itself) in 1961. He became a contributor to Encounter in 1963 and was eventually appointed its co-editor before terminating his relationship with the magazine in 1970.

Dennis's books were few but distinguished. His other works include Two Plays and a Preface (1958) and Dramatic Essays (1962). A short study of Jonathan Swift won the Royal Society of Literature Award under the W. H. Heinemann bequest in 1966; this was followed by Exotics: Poems of the Mediterranean and Middle East (1970) and his last book, An Essay on Malta (1972), with illustrations by Osbert Lancaster.

Three of his plays were put on at the Royal Court theatre: Cards of Identity (1956), The Making of Moo (1957) and August for the People (1961). The first London revival of The Making of Moo was staged at the Orange Tree Theatre, Richmond, London, in November 2009.

According to a letter published in The Guardian in May 2008: "In the 1930s, Dennis wrote Chalk and Cheese; a co-educational school novel under the pseudonym Richard Vaughan. Legend has it that, before publication, every copy was destroyed in an air raid on a warehouse." In fact the novel, which was largely autobiographical, was published in 1934 and reviewed by the Times Literary Supplement, among others.

Susan Sontag called Dennis "one of the writers I most admire in the world".

Novel published as by Richard Vaughan

 * Chalk and Cheese: A Co-educational School Novel (1934)

Other Novels

 * Boys and Girls Come Out to Play (1949)
 * Cards of Identity (1955)
 * A House in Order (1966)

Plays

 * Cards of Identity (1956)
 * The Making of Moo (1957)
 * August for the People (1961)

Miscellaneous Other Works

 * Two Plays and a Preface (1958)
 * Jonathan Swift: A Short Character (1964)
 * Exotics: Poems of the Mediterranean and Middle East (1970)
 * An Essay on Malta (1970)
 * Dramatic Essays (1962)
 * Exotics: Poems  (1971)

title: Nigel Dennis


text: User talk:67.183.89.28

title: User talk:67.183.89.28


text:
Category:Census divisions of Canada

All Canadian provinces, and two of its three territories, are subdivided into county-like units; however, not all provinces use the term "county" to designate them. Depending on the province, they may be designated as regional districts, districts, divisions, counties, regional municipalities or regional county municipalities. As well, in Ontario some county-level governments are designated as cities, with no level of municipal government below the county level.

For statistical purposes, these units are grouped into census divisions by Statistics Canada.

title: Category:Census divisions of Canada


text:
Live at the Fillmore

Live at the Fillmore and similar names may refer to any of the following live albums, recorded at any of the concert venues known as "the Fillmore".

Fillmore venues

 * The Fillmore in San Francisco
 * The Fillmore West in San Francisco
 * The Fillmore East in New York City
 * The Fillmore New York at Irving Plaza in New York City
 * The Fillmore Auditorium in Denver
 * The Fillmore Detroit in Detroit
 * The Fillmore Silver Spring in Silver Spring, Maryland

title: Live at the Fillmore


text:
Talk:Live at the Fillmore

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 09:47, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A9ikxlf3e5cqo

Please add King Curtis
This list is missing King Curtis and the Kingpins, Live at the Fillmore West 1971. There are existing Wikipedia entries for both King Curtis and the album. 210.9.141.170 (talk) 13:21, 5 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Added. Thanks. / edg ☺ ☭ 14:27, 5 January 2012 (UTC)

Sly and the Family Stone
Sly's live album "Live At The Fillmore East" from OCT-1968 is also missing. SWIM could add it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sideways add (talk • contribs) 21:46, 23 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Live at the Fillmore. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090603090016/http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg to http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A9ikxlf3e5cqo

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 11:47, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

Scope of the article
What is the scope of this article? Is it live albums with the word "Fillmore" in the title? Or live albums recorded at any of the several Fillmore venues, even if they don't have "Fillmore" in the title? And if the second, would it be better if the non-Fillmore-titled albums were listed in a separate table? I'm prompted to ask this based on recent additions to the article by. — Mudwater (Talk) 11:27, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

 * The scope of this list, which I did not create, is to list the albums recorded at all the Fillmore venues. I saw that quite a lot were not on the list, so I started adding them yesterday. I added some Miles Davis- and Grateful Dead-albums. Then, I checked all entries with 'Fillmore' on the Discogs-website and made a list of albums recorded at the (original) Fillmore, Fillmore West and Fillmore East, up until when these closed (June 1971). Now I want to add about 30 of them. I think its better to keep the original scope (meaning: all albums recorded at the Fillmore Venues, regardless of if the name 'Fillmore' appears in the title or not). Personally I would prefer to have separate, chronological (on rec. date) lists for each venue, but I didn't start the list, so I follow in the footsteps of my predecessors, as good as I can.Misterioustraveller (talk) 12:12, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Hello. Thanks for your response.  I've done some minor housekeeping on that.  Normally you would reply in the same talk page section, instead of adding a section header, and normally you would indent your response.  Don't worry about that stuff now, though, it's not important.  The point is the scope, and perhaps format, of the article.  I've been thinking that the article is a list of live albums with the word "Fillmore" in the title.  That's pretty much what the lead section says, and that's what was included until now, if you look at the article history.  If we're going to expand it and also include other albums recorded at a Fillmore venue, without the word "Fillmore" in the title, I for one would be okay with that, but I think it would be better if they were listed in a separate, second table.  I am hoping that other interested editors will also post in this section with their opinions about this.  — Mudwater (Talk) 21:42, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

I've gone ahead and split the table into two -- albums with names like Live at the Fillmore, and other albums recorded at the Fillmore, here. I think this gives us the best of both worlds, so to speak. — Mudwater (Talk) 01:08, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Live at the Fillmore


text:
Made in USA

A Made in USA mark is a country of origin label affixed to American-made products that indicates the product is "all or virtually all" domestically produced, manufactured and assembled in the United States of America. The label is regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

In general, goods imported into the United States must have a country of origin label unless excepted, but goods manufactured in the United States can be sold with no origin label unless explicitly required. U.S.-made goods that must bear an origin label include automobiles, textiles, wool, and fur products. Any voluntary claims about the amount of U.S. content in other products must comply with the FTC's Made in USA policy.

A Made in USA claim can be expressed (for example, "American-made") or implied. In identifying implied claims, the Commission focuses on the overall impression of the advertising, label, or promotional material. Depending on the context, U.S. symbols or geographic references (for example, U.S. flags, outlines of U.S. maps, or references to U.S. locations of headquarters or factories) may convey a claim of U.S. origin either by themselves or in conjunction with other phrases or images.

In May 1997, the FTC published its proposal that the requirement be stated as:

"It will not be considered a deceptive practice for a marketer to make an unqualified U.S. origin claim if, at the time it makes the claim, the marketer possesses and relies upon competent and reliable evidence that: (1) U.S. manufacturing costs constitute 75% of the manufacturing costs for the product; and (2) the product was last substantially transformed in the United States."

However, this was just a proposal and never became part of the final guidelines published in the Federal Register in 1997.

Assembled in USA
A product that includes foreign components may be called "Assembled in USA" without qualification when its principal assembly takes place in the U.S. and the assembly is substantial. For the "assembly" claim to be valid, the product's "last substantial transformation" also should have occurred in the United States. A "screwdriver" assembly in the U.S. of foreign components into a final product at the end of the manufacturing process does not usually qualify for the "Assembled in USA" claim.

Regulation
Country of origin labels are required on textiles, wools, furs, automobiles, most foods, and many other imports.

Customs fraud
Examples of fraudulent practices involving imports include removing a required foreign origin label before the product is even delivered to the ultimate purchaser (with or without the improper substitution of a Made in USA label) and failing to label a product with the required country of origin.

Urban myth
A rumour spread that products made in a town named "Usa, Ōita" located in Ōita Prefecture, Japan and exported to the US in the 1960s carried the label MADE IN USA, JAPAN, to create the appearance that the product was made in the US. It is, however, a myth that Japan renamed the town "Usa" following World War II so that goods exported from Japan could be labeled as such. The town has existed from the 8th century (see Usa Jingū), predating the existence of the "United States of America" (first used in the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence) by more than a millennium, and is not a major manufacturing center; furthermore, the United States Customs Service would probably have recognized such labeling, had it occurred, as fraudulent and thus would have prohibited goods so labeled from being imported into the United States.

Significance
Many manufacturers use the Made in the U.S.A. label as a selling point with varying degrees of success. This tag is associated with marketing and operational benefits, such as more appeal to certain buyers and lower shipping costs. When an American consumer sees a product is made in the U.S., the thinking goes, the consumer may perceive it as higher quality than a foreign-made version. The decision where to produce is based on many factors, not simply direct product costs. Marketing and operations are both affected greatly by producing domestically.

Marketing significance
Many companies highlight the fact a product is made in the U.S. with their branding and marketing campaigns, benefitting from the huge marketing potential, often affecting the success of a product. Country of origin is a typical heuristic used when purchasing, playing a significant role in consumer perception and evaluation since some consumers believe domestic products offer higher value and less risk.

Automotive
For years, American car brands have used this as a differentiating point. Supporting companies such as Ford was thought of as patriotic. Twenty-eight percent of Americans have said they would only buy American vehicles. There was a large push from domestic automakers after foreign competition entered the market in the 1980s. Ford placed ads to all Americans highlighting that they made quality cars. Chrysler also needed to reclaim market share from foreign competitors. They created commercials about American cars that were made by Americans with American parts. In recent years, the trend has changed as Cars.com's 2016 American-Made Index for that year showed that many Hondas and Toyotas are among the top "American-made" automobiles.

Apparel
Due to concerns about the exploitation of non-American workers in sweatshops, products bearing a Made in the USA label can appeal to American consumers seeking high-quality products produced domestically under American labor and environmental laws. Until it shut down brick and mortar stores in 2017, American Apparel, which had been producing in Los Angeles since 1989, was the largest garment manufacturer in North America. The company's CEO was committed to social responsibility, and offered factory workers careers with benefits and pay significantly higher than that of their overseas counterparts. When they shuttered, 2,400 employees were left unemployed. After being purchased by Gildan Activewear, American Apparel returned as an online-only retailer with most of its apparel sourced from factories in Central America, primarily Honduras and Nicaragua. Los Angeles Apparel, the new manufacturer, designer and distributor led by Dov Charney, the former CEO of American Apparel, hired back 350, 200 employees were hired by Broncs Inc., and Zack Hurley, CEO of Indie Source committed to hiring "at least a few dozen".

Food
After worker protests and bribery investigations, Walmart, the largest grocery store in the world, has pledged to source $50 billion in products from the US over the next ten years. Companies such as Tropicana sold their orange juice as being 100% native to Florida. In the late 2000s decade, they started to mix oranges from Brazil, and Florida's Natural saw this as an opportunity to place "Made in the USA" on their cartons. After Tropicana returned to only using Florida oranges several years later, Florida's Natural updated their ads saying "All Florida. Never imported. Who can say that?".

Operational significance
Companies that make products in the US also see benefits in their supply chain. Not all benefits are directly seen in cash flows immediately. Aspects like communication are simply improved, which may have effects that are not seen in the short run. The trend towards overseas factories has resulted in complications for companies of all sizes, ranging from quality to timeline issues.

Financial
Some direct costs are decreased as a result of using domestic factories. Shipping is simpler and faster when there is no need to deal with customs. US factories offer more flexible production runs, which can be appealing to new companies or new products. These offer prices and quantities closer to what companies require. Research shows that reduced tariff rates are reflected immediately in lower clothing prices. This suggests that the price of an imported good directly includes the tariff paid to import it. By producing in the US, this price increase is avoided.

Non-financial
Companies also benefit from non-direct cost ways of making in the US. The US has the most productive workforce. Costs are higher for these factories but the workers are more effective than their abroad counterparts. China historically was a cheap place to manufacture. This led to the thriving apparel factories. As currency appreciates and wages rise, people are moving to low-cost areas in south-east Asia, and also coming back to the US. China's prices are rising and time to market is becoming increasingly important. Communication is difficult as well for companies that produce in areas where another language is spoken. The general manager of a Haier plant in Camden, South Carolina Bernie Tymkiw has been quoted saying, “We just don't have the brainstorming ability because of language.” The cultural disconnect can prove to be a significant barrier with global companies.

Supply chains are more agile using local suppliers. There is a greater control over orders. High-end designers like being very close to their factories, as they have full control of the product quality that is leaving the assembly line. This is necessary to keep their high standards. One can visit their factory as often as necessary. This plays an important role in auditing the production process. An online article about the luxury apparel maker company Everlane led to over 2,000 shirts sales in a single day. A shirt restock from China may have taken three months, whereas they were able to do it in under one month. Being closer to the factory can aid in shipping costs and time.

Examples
According to the FTC, Made in USA means that “all or virtually all” the product has been made in the United States of America. The product should contain only negligible foreign content. The FTC Enforcement Policy Statement on U.S. Origin Claims says there is no single "bright line" determining what "all or substantially all" means. The minimum requirement is that the final assembly or processing of the product must take place within the United States. Examples are given on the FTC site; a barbecue grill made of components made in the US with the exception of the knobs may be called "Made in USA" while a garden tool with an imported motor may not.

Controversial use of label
Goods produced in American Samoa (a United States territory) are entitled to attach a "Made in USA" label, as this is an insular area of the United States. This area has had few of the labor and safety regulations required of United States employers within the Contiguous United States until recently, and there have been a number of cases of manufacturers using a labor force imported from South and East Asia. The Northern Mariana Islands is another U.S. territory in the Pacific that was exempted from certain U.S. wage and immigration laws until 2007, where the use of the "Made in USA" label was likewise controversial. The label is controversial also since all U.S. insular areas, except Puerto Rico, operate under a customs territory separate from the U.S., making their products technically imports when sold in the United States proper.

FTC enforcement
In March 2020, the FTC announced a settlement with Williams-Sonoma, Inc. over false advertising claims where Goldtouch Bakeware products, Rejuvenation-branded products, and Pottery Barn Teen and Pottery Barn Kids-branded upholstered furniture products were falsely advertised as Made in the USA. As part of the settlement with the FTC, Williams-Sonoma, Inc. agreed to stop making false, misleading, or unsubstantiated ‘Made in the USA’ claims and is required to pay $1 million to the FTC.

In June 2016, the FTC ordered Shinola Detroit to stop using "Where American is Made" as a slogan as "100% of the cost of materials used to make certain watches is attributable to imported materials". Today, the Ronda movements are made in Bangkok, Thailand. The dials, hands, cases, crystals, and buckles are manufactured in Guangdong, China.

title: Made in USA