text:
Talk:K League 1

Untitled
I commented the claim for the oldest professional league, since the Saudi Premier League started in 1975. I was wondering about the term "professional"; maybe the Saudi Premier League was not professional? Any reference?--Panairjdde 15:03, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Many people would not think of Saudi Arabia being part of Asia; I suspect that is the reason for the error. -- Visviva 15:12, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

It is clear that both FC Seoul and Jeju United are continuations of the clubs that were previously known as Anyang LG Cheetahs and Bucheon SK respectively.

The article specifically states that all sides in the "K-League champions" and "All-time K-League member clubs" sections are listed with their current names, and it is just a personal opinion that the achievements of the clubs when known as Anyang and Bucheon should be considered separate from the overall franchise (perhaps understandable given the nature of football support and the opposition to the relocation of both sides), however it is not appropriate for Wikipedia.

I would strongly suggest that the article should NOT be reverted to include Anyang and Bucheon in the lists again.

Request Information

 * Request made by: Holyjoe 07:42, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Where is the issue taking place?
 * This issue is focused on the K-League page, and also on the pages for FC Seoul and Jeju United FC.

 * Who's involved?
 * A user by the name of User:Buteur.

 * What's going on?
 * A series of edits and reverts that reflect the opinions of certain football fans in Korea, as opposed to the actual facts.

The issue surrounds the relocation of the LG-owned football club Anyang LG Cheetahs to Seoul in 2004 and the subsequent name change to FC Seoul. A number of Korean football fans feel an enormous amount of anger about the move, and when the SK-owned football club Bucheon SK moved to the island of Jeju and renamed themselves Jeju United earlier this year they were even more angry.

The K-League article that I created clearly states in both the "K-League champions" and "all-time member clubs" sections that teams are listed with their present-date names in the case of sides that have previously changed names, as a number of other clubs have relocated or gone through name changes in the past. With that provision made, the article should link to the FC Seoul and Jeju United FC pages, both of which contain comprehensive information on the history of the clubs, and there should be no mention of 'Anyang Cheetahs FC' and 'Bucheon FC' in the list.

The user Buteur has, on numerous occasions, edited the lists mentioned to distort the basic facts. The user has included pages titled Anyang Cheetahs FC and Bucheon FC (neither of which were ever official names of the clubs - it is an attempt to remove the corporate identities of the clubs that were officially part of the names as the official names were Anyang LG Cheetahs and Bucheon SK respectively) in an attempt to split the history in two and acknowledges on the individual pages that it is a fan "belief" rather than actual fact that the current clubs shouldn't be seen as continuations of the previous one. LG's football club were based in Anyang from 1996~2003 so it is factually incorrect to even claim the "Anyang Cheetahs FC" club had a history from 1984-2003 (overlooking the incorrect name) - likewise the SK-owned club were branded as Bucheon SK from 1996~2005 and it is similarly incorrect to claim the history from 1983-2005.

There are several POV edits to the FC Seoul and Jeju United pages ("betray Anyang fans", "became second immoral club" etc) that have no place in a Wikipedia article as it is more suited to a fan page, which Wikipedia quite clearly is not.

The following link contains the official history of FC Seoul: http://www.fcseoul.com/eng/fc_history.jsp

Whilst the Jeju United website doesn't have an English section, the following page with dates is the Korean history section: http://www.jeju-utd.com/club/club_history.asp?loc=skfc&subloc=120

 * ''What would you like to change about that?
 * I believe there are two courses of action that should be followed if the user Buteur wishes to maintain that the LG-owned club previously known as Anyang LG Cheetahs is separate from the club now known as FC Seoul (ditto the SK-owned club in the case of Bucheon SK and Jeju United)

1) Separate pages should be created for each and every instance of relocation and name change with Korean football clubs. In both cases that would require four separate wikipedia entries, yet the user is choosing only one instance of the clubs' relocations to separate the history into two. Several other sides (Busan I'Park, the Ilhwa Chunma team, Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i and Pohang Steelers would also require several pages of history, yet it is only in the case of the more current, emotive relocations that the user seems motivated to make such edits).

2) The information pertaining to one club should be consolidated on the one page, titled with the club's current name, as it is a continuation of the history of the side. I would then suggest that the K-League, FC Seoul and Jeju United FC articles are restored to the most recent edit prior to Buteur's changes as in both club cases it clearly states the history and name changes of the teams and contains all relevant, accurate information. I would also suggest the user is made aware of Wikipedia's editing guidelines and how articles should be written.

For something with as limited an appeal as Korean football has, I don't think it is neccessary to over-complicate matters and as the clubs are corporate-owned as opposed to community clubs in the European sense, it is correct to limit the clubs to one entry as long as the appropriate history is included. I believe I have more than done this with my revisions and edits to the FC Seoul, Jeju United and K-League pages yet the user wishes to distort events. I previously requested that the Anyang Cheetahs FC and Bucheon FC pages, being redundant as they bore no relation to the previous names of the clubs, be deleted but they were instead turned into redirects. The user appears to have edited these back to the inaccurate articles that previously existed so I'd again suggest they should be removed or turned into permanent, locked redirects.

Mediation process
I am the mediator for the case. I hope to focus all discussion regarding the articles involved on this page. Please present the evidence, claims for and against the changes in the following sections. -- Evanx  (tag?) 19:26, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Evidence
The issue is involving the insertion of the clubs "Anyang Cheetahs FC" and "Bucheon FC" in the list of K-League champions and all-time member clubs as substitutes for FC Seoul and Jeju United respectively, in reference to part of the clubs' histories.

The following is the current, disputed edit:

K-League champions Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma: 1993, 1994, 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003 Suwon Samsung Bluewings: 1998, 1999, 2004 Pohang Steelers: 1986, 1988, 1992 Hallelujah: 1983 Bucheon FC: 1989 <-- Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i: 1996, 2005 Busan I'Park: 1984, 1987, 1991, 1997 Anyang Cheetahs FC: 1985, 1990, 2000 <

All-time K-League member clubs Hallelujah (1983-1985) Busan I'Park (1983-present) Bucheon FC (1983-2005) <--- Pohang Steelers (1983-present) Kookmin Bank (1983-1984) Anyang Cheetahs FC (1984-2003) <- Hanil Bank (1984-1986) Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i (1984-present) Gwangju Sangmu Phoenix (1985; 2003-present) Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma (1989-present) Chonbuk Buffalo (1994) Cheonbuk Hyundai Motors (1995-present) Chunnam Dragons (1995-present) Suwon Samsung Bluewings (1996-present) Daejeon Citizen (1997-present) Daegu FC (2003-present) FC Seoul (2004-present) <-- Incheon United (2004-present) Gyeongnam FC (2006-present) Jeju United (2006-present) <---

The following are links to the official websites of both clubs, confirming that they have continuous histories from their foundations in 1983 and 1984:

 * The official Jeju United website (Korean only, club history showing foundation dates): http://www.jeju-utd.com/club/club_history.asp?loc=skfc&subloc=120
 * The official English-language FC Seoul website (club history): http://www.fcseoul.com/eng/fc_history.jsp

Claims for
As follows.

K-League
In the interests of keeping things simple, it seems best to reference each team by its current name in the 'K-League champions' and 'all-time K-League member clubs' sections. This may be contentious as some fans don't like to see FC Seoul or Jeju United's names credited with the respective histories, but given the nature of the clubs (corporate-owned and run since their creation) it is essentially a different situation to the European scenarios that fans cite. Indeed the histories are credited incorrectly in the current article by attributing the 1985 and 1990 titles to "Anyang Cheetahs FC" and the 1989 title to "Bucheon FC", as neither side were based in those cities at the time; both clubs moved to the cities at the end of 1995 and the official names they adopted from then on were 'Anyang LG Cheetahs' and 'Bucheon SK'. At the time of the 1985 and 1989 championship victories, FC Seoul were known as 'Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso', but they would change to 'LG Cheetahs' in 1990. Jeju United were known as 'Yukong Elephants' in 1989.

There is perhaps scope for the creation of a table of yearly champions to solve the issue of crediting the championships to the clubs as they were named at the time, but until such a thing is created then the overview of champions should be kept as simple as possible and the clubs should be referenced by their current names (there is a disclaimer stating that they are referenced by their current names in the case of sides that underwent name changes in the past). The all-time member club list should also reference the current names as it is clear that both Jeju United and FC Seoul are still the same clubs that made their league debuts in 1983 and 1984.

FC Seoul
There are a number of POV comments in the current version of the page which have been changed and then reverted without explanation several times in the past.

The following is at odds with the article that details the entire history of the club from 1984 (!): Founded 2004

Given the foundation date of 1984 and the detailed account of trophies won, the following is clearly incorrect:

Club Honors None

The following is not an official nickname of FC Seoul: Nickname(s) FC Franchise

The following section heading doesn't conform to the NPOV standards as the previous "Move Back To Seoul" heading: Betray Anyang Fans

Even today, the supporter group for FC Seoul is viewed by most of K-League supporters as a "traitor." Most of Korean football fans are against this franchising move.

The previous edit prior to Buteur's revert included a 'Timeline' section as a compromise to include an at-a-glance history of the name and location changes of the side which was again removed without explanation.

Given the relatively limited interest the subject matter has, it seems the best course of action is to maintain just one article for each K-League club. The history of the sides is, I believe, comprehensively dealt with in the article (prior to Buteur's current revision) and there is no need to subdivide the history of one single club into seperate wikipedia pages as has been attempted with the incorrectly-named 'Anyang Cheetahs FC' page.

Jeju United FC
Similar problems with the FC Seoul page, namely the foundation date of the club being at odds with the article history (!): Founded 2006

Incorrect nickname: Nickname(s) Immoral United

POV comments: In 2006, Bucheon SK abandoned their own fans and moved to Jeju

They became second immoral club after FC Seoul.

Irrelevant material for a wikipedia article: Fans of Bucheon FC are denying that this franchise is not the successor of Bucheon F.C.

Again I believe the article (prior to Buteur's current revision) adequately deals with the history of the side and that the emotive statements should be removed to conform to Wikipedia standards.

Claims against
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimbledon_FC

This club has changed to M.K. Dons. However, there are articles on Wimbledon FC. Almost same stories with Anyang and Bucheon's franchising case. Is there anyone to remove that articles and redirect that site to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MK_Dons ? If you want to erase our historical memories, then remove that article first then, apply the same logics to Bucheon and Anyang's history! M.K. Dons is the continuation of Wimbledon FC, isn't it?

General Opinion What is general opinion? No korean football fans but FC Seoul fans think that was going back to Seoul. National team supporters and other K-League supporters demonstrated against that franching move. That is the fact. FC Seoul is the most unpopular club in K-League now. More than 90% fans think that was wrong dicision. Only FC Seoul fans and LG thinks that is going back to Seoul. Isn't it extremely one-sided opinion?

Worse than LG What was happended to Bucheon fans? SK has announced that they have decided to move to Jeju Island. It's worse than M.K. Dons case. Isn't it true? Most of Korean football fans became angry about that. Not only Bucheon fans but also whole K-League supporters(execpt FC Seoul fanse). In addition, what did they do? They showed their anger about that franchising move. Isn't it true?

What is neutral? Only to hide shameful fact, that is the neutral? Do not try to hide bad side of two franchising teams. That is the true. Like M.K. Dons, most of Korean football fans hate two teams. Is there any exceptions about that? Is there any other K-League supporters don't call that teams as immoral fc?

History I have never supportered and cried for the team in Jeju Island. Until 2004, there were no FC Seoul, until 2006, there were no Jeju United. They've won the title as Anyang and Bucheon. Is there any Seoul fans who cried in 2000? Is there any Jeju fans who cried in 2001? Who crited for that teams? Anyang and Bucheon citizens not Seoul nor Jeju. What is the fact? What is the neutral? Do not try to distort K-League History!

 * The problem with the edits that you have made to the articles is that they are factually inaccurate and "distort K-League History", something which you said shouldn't be done.

 * 1) You edited the team names to "Anyang Cheetahs FC" and "Bucheon FC", when the teams have never been officially named as such. Their official names at the time of their demise were "Anyang LG Cheetahs" and "Bucheon SK", so the names should reflect that in the article. There is a lot of resentment towards the corporate ownership of the clubs and it seems that editing out the corporate identites is an attempt to get a small bit of revenge. This is distorting K-League history.

 * 2) You said "until 2004, there were no FC Seoul, until 2006, there were no Jeju United". Correct in as much as the names didn't exist, but then again until the 1996 there was no Anyang LG Cheetahs or Bucheon SK - the teams were known until that point as LG Cheetahs and Yukong Elephants. The LG-owned club only won one of its titles whilst called Anyang LG Cheetahs, and the SK-owned club never won its title when it was called Bucheon SK. If you wish to credit the championships to the name by which the club was known at the time then your edits are innacurate, and are distorting K-League history.
 * The article clearly states that honours are credited to the clubs with their current names in the case of sides that have been relocated for ease of simplicity. As has been suggested above, perhaps you might like to contribute a table history similar to this one on the English Premiership entry if you wish to distinguish the individual champions in such a manner.

 * 3) The history of FC Seoul and Jeju United both incorporate four namechanges. The history of Busan I'Park incorporates five namechanges and Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma three. Yet your edits only revolve around one particular change of name for FC Seoul and Jeju United. Your claims that 'Anyang Cheetahs' have a history from 1984-2003 and 'Bucheon FC' from 1983-2005 are incorrect and are distorting K-League history.

 * 4) The situation of the clubs in Korea is complicated by the corporate ownership of some of the sides. In that sense they are different than the community clubs found in Europe and the situation isn't really comparable to Wimbledon/MK Dons. Both FC Seoul and Jeju United were founded, financed and run as sporting divisions of major corporations and have relocated in the past. They were not community clubs in the strictest sense of the world, and whilst their relocations were certainly undesirable they are still the same team and should be treated as such here when dealing with continuous league membership. Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso, LG Cheetahs, Anyang LG Cheetahs and FC Seoul are not four different clubs, they are different names the same club went by during its history.

 * 5) The FC Seoul article makes clear reference to the protests of the supporters ("This proposed move provoked a significant amount of anger from the local supporters of the club, resulting in series of demonstrations by the supporters. Further fueling the resistance was the general consensus of the South Korean public that football clubs need to have strong regional ties, not a simple marketing branch of a corporation that could be moved without agreement of the fans."). The Jeju United article doesn't yet make reference to the strength of feeling against the move but that can be rectified in a future edit if done properly and, where relevant, the appropriate citations. There is no conspiracy to "hide" the move, however it should be presented fairly and in a NPOV manner.

 * (for point 2 above, I should cite this site: http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/skorhist.html )

1. As I said, that is your opinion, not a fact or truth. Many other general football fans, including foreign K-League fans who live in Korea, think that was not a good decision.

2. After 1996, history of Yokong Elephants and Lucky Goldstar Cheetahs became the history of Bucheon and Anyang. However, franchise move is not the same case. Before 1996, there were no specific home stadium except Pohand Steelers. Your logic is as same as Seoul fans' self-rationalization that I'm sick of it.

3. Why AFC Wimbledon fans don't think MK Dons as the continuation of Wimbledon FC? Owner is same, why not? Have you ever thought about it?

4. Have you ever read K-League Yearbook? Do you know how they describe past histories?

5. After 1996, K-League clubs have their own hometown. Leaving that city or region means abandon their fans from that time, isn't it?

6. Can you rationnalize the Holocaust as the" neutral" point of view? Adolf Hitler was the patriot? For the football fans, franchise move is like that.

7. Do you know why FC Seoul supporters were isolated among the K-League fans? Why they couldn't join the K-League supporters' union?

8. That kind of rationalization of franchise move is not the neutral point of view. Do not try to hide the bad side of FC Seoul and Jeju United's history.

 * Again your claims aren't all that accurate. It is incorrect to say that only Pohang Steelers had a "home town" prior to 1996 when they were POSCO Steelers. Daewoo Royals had been based in Busan since 1987, Ilhwa Chunma took up residence in Seoul from 1989-1995 with LG and Yukong both having joined them at Dongdaemun Stadium by 1991. Hyundai Horang-i took up residence in Ulsan around 1990. You're confusing adopting the city name in the team name with being based in the city (indeed despite changing their name to Bucheon Yukong for 1996, they didn't actually play in Bucheon until 2001 as they played out of Seoul's Mokdong stadium until then). FC Seoul, Jeju United and the K-League all credit the history of the clubs to the current side so you're going to have to come up with some 'proof' that it is indeed not the same.
 * I should cite the official K-League website's entry for the history of FC Seoul (http://www.kleaguei.com/data/team/K09/history.aspx) and Jeju United (http://www.kleaguei.com/data/team/K04/history.aspx) here.

 * I agree that moving the clubs were very bad decisions and I am strongly against such things happening as it ruins the league's chances of establishing localised bases for clubs and, in the case of FC Seoul, destroyed a great league rivalry between Suwon and Anyang. I certainly look forward to the day that relegation is introduced to the K-League so that hopefully both sides will drop into the lower divisions. :-) I am concerned however that you are making these edits as a football fan rather than a Wikipedian. There is no attempt to "hide the bad history", but rather to present it in an NPOV fashion (the core philosophy behind this whole website).

In addition, check these articles.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimbledon_FC

Wimbledon F.C. was the name of a now defunct football club that played in south London. Founded in 1889, the club spent most of its history in non-league football, before a rapid ascent to the top flight of English football in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The club won the FA Cup in 1988 and spent most of the 1990s in the Premiership.

In 2003 following years of internal wrangling, the club moved seventy miles north to Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire citing financial reasons, and the following year were relaunched with new colours and a new badge as Milton Keynes Dons. Many of the club's supporters responded by forming a new club, AFC Wimbledon.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mk_dons

Milton Keynes Dons F.C. is a football club in Milton Keynes, England. As of the 2006–07 season, it plays in Football League Two. Milton Keynes are also the first football club in the U.K to be franchised and moved outside of the community to which it serves (Wimbledon).

The club came into existence on 21st June 2004 after a name-change by Wimbledon F.C., which had relocated to Milton Keynes nine months earlier.

It is legally the continuation of Wimbledon F.C., but most of that club's original fans no longer support it, having instead founded their own club, AFC Wimbledon, in south-west London, which they regard as the legitimate successor to Wimbledon F.C.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_Wimbledon

AFC Wimbledon is a semi-professional English football club representing the area of Wimbledon and Merton in south London.

Most football fans regard AFC Wimbledon as a direct continuation of the now defunct Wimbledon F.C., and consider that the new MK Dons are no longer representative of the Wimbledon area, or, more importantly, the legacy and tradition of Wimbledon F.C.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FA_Cup

In 1988,Wimbledon's Dave Beasant became the first goalkeeper to save a penalty in an FA Cup final, when he denied John Aldridge of Liverpool. In the same final, Beasant also became the first goalkeeper to captain an FA Cup-winning side.

1 win: Barnsley, Blackburn Olympic, Blackpool, Bradford City, Burnley, Cardiff City, Charlton Athletic, Clapham Rovers, Coventry City, Derby County, Huddersfield Town, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Notts County, Old Carthusians, Oxford University, Portsmouth, Royal Engineers, Southampton, Wimbledon - It's not MK Dons, Wimbledon FC at that time. It's almost same story. What is the difference bewteen franchise move in Korea and U.K.? By the same way they describe The F.A. Cup history, we need to keep old names. Like seperation of MK Dons and Wimbledon FC articles, Bucheon and Jeju should be seperated articles.

Mediator's Response
I agree with the claims presented, especially regarding the POV statements which are highly unencyclopedic, not to mention against WP:NPOV policy.

However, at the same time, I understand the anguish of the fans affected. It is imperative that these emotions are not to be reflected by Wikipedia, although they can be mentioned.

Suggested Solution
Please review the following pages: Manchester United, Liverpool FC and Everton FC. Ever since Manchester United has been delisted from the public exchange, there has been a significant number of fans that were unhappy with the decision. However, the article accurately depicts the situation objectively. Although a new "Manchester United" was formed, the current Manchester United article is the main reference.

Liverpool and Everton have a shared and contentious history due to disputes and a breakaway. Their respective pages hold that piece of rivalry without voiding the NPOV.

This is the standard that the articles have to held up to.

Replace all POV comments. This applies to all articles in question. Words such as "immoral" and "betrayal" have to be replaced. Suggestions include "arguably unethical" and "many fans were dismayed by the seemingly unprofessional decision". If there is a need, I will assist with this process.

Merge related articles. I believe that the pages do not warrant 4 separate articles since they share a history and the move is essentially a renaming of the club. The main articles should be FC Seoul and Jeju United FC. Anyang Cheetahs FC and Bucheon FC should be redirected respectively. The redirection should only take place after the removal of POV comments. This is in recognition of the possibility that these fans would be successful in forming breakaway clubs as with the case mentioned above. It must be noted that the history of the FC Seoul and Jeju United FC recognise their previous entities and history in a clearer manner. For example:

''FC Seoul is a football club based in Seoul, South Korea. It is currently owned and managed by GS Sports, a subsidiary of GS Group. The club is usually considered as a stronghouse in the K-League, with the financial backing of the GS Group, as well as having the advantage of playing in the nation's most populous city, which inevitably leads to higher average attendance. Founded in 2004, it was previously known as the Anyang Cheetahs FC from 19XX to 19XX and as LG Cheetahs from 19XX to 19XX. The club has undergone several name changes as well as relocations.''

This is only a draft and editors should feel free to revise it in any way that corresponds to Wikipedia policies.

Comments
User Buteur is encouraged to avoid POV edits which only retards the progress of the article. Please refer to Article development. Many of the statements have already been identified as non-neutral and thus further edits against this warning can be construed as NPOV dispute. Should such an incident occur, please refer to Resolving disputes. I believe the next course of action is Requests for arbitration although Requests for comment could be considered.

-- Evanx  (tag?) 18:31, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Recourse
I have already informed all concerned parties for this dispute. Please sign under the respective stands for the above suggested solution. If there is disagreement, do provide an alternative solution. Recourse will only be open for 5 days. By then, if there is no disagreement, the suggested solution will be the course of action with immediate effect. Non-participation should not be an excuse.

-- Evanx  (tag?) 18:37, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Agree I am happy with the suggested course of action above.

Disagree Like Wimbledon FC and MK Dons, we should have separated articles. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Milton_Keynes_Dons_F.C.

The absence of ties
Yes, I know that using a computer video game as a source is not a good idea, however, I do tend to remember that in an earlier version of FIFA soccer, it would not allow games played in the K-League to end in a draw; every game had to have a winner and a loser. Did this rule ever exist? If it did, does it still exist? And thirdly, if this rule existed, is it worth noting in the main K-League article? Wjmorris3 01:42, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

K-League name
I noticed that the Korean professional football league became known as the K-League very soon after the Japanese J-League came into being. Is there some kind of connection between the organizations that would have led to the same naming scheme? Smoove K 05:23, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Unlikely. The phenomenon is not unique to football; cf. K-pop and J-pop. -- Visviva 07:50, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

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BetacommandBot 03:37, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Why is the paragraph in the introduction?

 * The Lucky Goldstar (LG) corporation caused a huge controversy at the end of 2003 when they made the decision to uproot their Anyang LG Cheetahs team from the Seoul satellite city of Anyang and move into the empty Seoul World Cup stadium, becoming FC Seoul which caused a strong supporter protest against the move from many fans around the league. Then following the 2005 season SK announced it was moving the Bucheon SK team to Jeju Island, where they have become Jeju United.

Putting aside the poor writing and unencyclopedic and POV statements like "caused a huge controversy", "caused a stronger supporter protest" and "uproot", why is this even in this article? I'm removing it if there aren't any compelling arguments for keeping it. 98.204.112.111 16:18, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

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Name
Are we sure the official English translation is "Korea National Football League" as opposed to "Korean National Football League'''? And it this actually even used?--Cúchullain t/ c 18:39, 25 March 2011 (UTC)

References/Assessment
This article lacks citations, which is why I have assessed it as C-class. I have access to some material that I will use at some stage to add some citations. Zawed (talk) 10:19, 25 December 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:K League 1


text:
Pisgah Covered Bridge

Pisgah Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge that spans the west fork of the Little River in Randolph County, North Carolina. It is one of two remaining original historic covered bridges in the state, (the other being the Bunker Hill Covered Bridge in Claremont, North Carolina) and is designated as both a local and federal historic landmark.

History
The bridge was built in 1911 by J. J. Welch at a cost of $40. It is a one-lane bridge, 54 feet in length. The bridge eventually became obsolete when it could no longer handle the increased traffic, but it remains as a tourist attraction located at 6925 Pisgah Covered Bridge Road, west of the community of Pisgah. The road now crosses a nearby two-lane concrete bridge built in the 1950s.

Preservation
Since 1998, the North Carolina Zoo Society has collaborated with the North Carolina Department of Transportation, the Piedmont Land Conservancy, and the Landtrust for Central North Carolina to maintain and refurbish the bridge. The bridge was washed away by a flood on August 9, 2003, but was rebuilt the next year using much of the original materials that were retrieved by local area volunteers. The restoration was able to salvage about 90 percent of the materials from the original structure. The bridge is assumed originally to have had a shingle roof; however, it was replaced with tin in the 1930s. In the restoration, the roof was shingled.

There is now a gate on the road leading to the bridge, however, it is open to the public daily from dawn to dusk.

Sightseeing
There is a quarter-mile trail through the woods on site. The trail crosses footbridges and passes a baptismal pool, downstream from the bridge.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pisgah Covered Bridge


text:
User:Nimlot

Welcome to my user page.

User Info

 * Gender: Male
 * Occupation: College Student
 * Interests: Computer Programming, Computer Games, Anime, Books, & Sleeping

Expertise

 * Simple wikification
 * Copyediting

Links

 * My Sandbox
 * WikiProject Syntax
 * WikiProject Punctuation
 * Gaming Collaboration of the Week

Contact Info

 * Use my talk page to leave me messages, or you can contact me directly using:
 * AIM & YahooIM: MercurialNimlot

title: User:Nimlot


text:
Night and Day (song)

"Night and Day" is a popular song by Cole Porter that was written for the 1932 musical Gay Divorce. It is perhaps Porter's most popular contribution to the Great American Songbook and has been recorded by dozens of musicians. NPR says "within three months of the show's opening, more than 30 artists had recorded the song."

Fred Astaire introduced "Night and Day" on November 29, 1932, when Gay Divorce opened at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre. A week earlier, at Victor’s Gramercy Recording Studio in Manhattan, he gathered with Leo Reisman and His Orchestra to make a record of two Cole Porter compositions, 'Night and Day' backed with "I've Got You on My Mind". All was done under the dark shadow cast by the 1929 Stock Market Crash, which had spawned the Great Depression, the worst economic disaster in American history. In just over two years, record industry revenues had fallen from $100 million to $6 million, driving all but three companies (RCA Victor, American Record Corporation (ARC) and Columbia) out of business. The single was released as Victor 24193 on January 13, 1933, and it went on to become the top selling record of the year, with 22,811 copies sold.

On May 23, 1933, Astaire recorded it again (due to anti-trust concerns) for Columbia Graphophone Company Ltd., which was now a part of Electric and Musical Industries (EMI). It was released in the United Kingdom in October on Columbia DB 1215, backed with "After You Who?", another Porter composition. Reisman, under contract to RCA Victor, was unable to accompany Astaire on this record. It can be distinguished from the US version because it is fifteen seconds shorter (3:10).

Another Fred Astaire version in circulation is from the soundtrack of the 1934 motion picture, The Gay Divorcee, starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. After the film opened on October 19, this version was released, and has appeared on record albums over the years. It is almost five minutes long, and Astaire sings and dances for the duration. Astaire is accompanied by Max Steiner and the RKO Radio Studio Orchestra.

The next release was recorded in December 1952, and released the following year in a four LP set called The Astaire Story, which provided an overview of songs Astaire had performed during his career. The musicians included Oscar Peterson and all the songs were fresh recordings. This version of "Night and Day" was over five minutes long.

There are several accounts about the song's origin. One mentions that Porter was inspired by an Islamic prayer when he visited Morocco. Another account says he was inspired by the Moorish architecture of the Alcazar Hotel in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. Others mention that he was inspired by a mosaic in the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, having visited Ravenna during his honeymoon trip to Italy.

The song was so associated with Porter that when Hollywood filmed his life story in 1946, with Cary Grant, the movie was entitled Night and Day.

Song structure
The construction of "Night and Day" is unusual for a hit song of the 1930s. Most popular tunes then featured 32-bar choruses, divided into four 8-bar sections, usually with an AABA musical structure, the B section representing the bridge.

Porter's song, on the other hand, has a chorus of 48 bars, divided into six sections of eight bars—ABABCB—with section C representing the bridge.

Harmonic structure
"Night and Day" has unusual chord changes (the underlying harmony).

The tune begins with a pedal (repeated) dominant with a major seventh chord built on the flattened sixth of the key, which then resolves to the dominant seventh in the next bar. If performed in the key of B♭, the first chord is therefore G♭ major seventh, with an F (the major seventh above the harmonic root) in the melody, before resolving to F7 and eventually B♭ maj7.

This section repeats and is followed by a descending harmonic sequence starting with a -7♭5 (half diminished seventh chord or Ø) built on the augmented fourth of the key, and descending by semitones—with changes in the chord quality—to the supertonic minor seventh, which forms the beginning of a more standard II-V-I progression. In B♭, this sequence begins with an EØ, followed by an E♭-7, D-7 and D♭ dim, before resolving onto C-7 (the supertonic minor seventh) and cadencing onto B♭.

The bridge is also unusual, with an immediate, fleeting and often (depending on the version) unprepared key change up a minor third, before an equally transient and unexpected return to the key centre. In B♭, the bridge begins with a D♭ major seventh, then moves back to B♭ with a B♭ major seventh chord. This repeats, and is followed by a recapitulation of the second section outlined above.

The vocal verse is also unusual in that most of the melody consists entirely of a single note repeated 35 times —the same dominant pedal, that begins the body of the song—with rather inconclusive and unusual harmonies underneath.

Notable recordings

 * Billie Holiday recorded the song on more than one occasion. A single was recorded on December 13, 1939, New York, with "The Man I Love" as a B-side, on the Vocalion label, with Walter Page on bass, Joe Sullivan on piano, Jo Jones on drums, Earle Warren on alto sax, Lester Young on tenor sax, Jack Washington on baritone sax, Buck Clayton and Harry Edison on trumpet and Freddie Green on guitar.
 * Frank Sinatra recorded the song at least five times, including with Axel Stordahl in his first solo session in 1942 and again with him in 1947, with Nelson Riddle in 1956 for A Swingin' Affair!, with Don Costa in 1961 for Sinatra and Strings, and a disco version with Joe Beck in 1977. When Harry James heard Sinatra sing this song, he signed him. Sinatra's 1942 version reaching the No. 16 spot in the U.S.
 * Bing Crosby recorded the song on February 11, 1944 and it appeared on the Billboard chart briefly in 1946 with a peak position of No. 21, and also on Bing Crosby Sings Cole Porter Songs (1949)
 * American cabaret singer Frances Faye recorded a cover of the song in 1952 for Capitol Records. The single was later released as part of the 1953 compilation album No Reservations. Seven years later, Faye recorded yet another version of "Night and Day" for her 1959 album Caught in the Act, where she notably altered some of the lyrics.
 * Charlie Parker recorded the tune for his 1953 album Big Band.
 * Paul Evans released the song in his first album in 1954.
 * Jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald recorded her jazz-inflected version of the song, with big band and strings, as part of her 1956 album Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Song Book.
 * Doris Day on her 1958, album,Hooray for Hollywood
 * Shirley Bassey on her The Bewitching Miss Bassey (1959)
 * Oscar Peterson on his, Oscar Peterson Plays the Cole Porter Songbook (1959)
 * Bill Evans recorded the tune for the 1959 album Everybody Digs Bill Evans.
 * Anita O'Day - included on her album Anita O'Day Swings Cole Porter with Billy May (1959)
 * American tenor saxophonist Stan Getz recorded a freewheeling jazz improvisation over 10 minutes long Kildevælds Church, Copenhagen, Denmark on January 14 & 15, 1960, which is the opening track on Stan Getz at Large (1961).
 * Jazz saxophonist Joe Henderson recorded a version of "Night and Day" on his 1966 album Inner Urge, along with McCoy Tyner (on piano), Bob Cranshaw (on bass) and Elvin Jones (on drums).''
 * Dave Brubeck, on Anything Goes! The Dave Brubeck Quartet Plays Cole Porter (1967)
 * Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66 released the song as a bossa nova and jazz-influenced single from their 1967 album Equinox. It went to number eight on the US adult contemporary chart.
 * Jackie DeShannon released the song in her 10th album New Image in 1967.
 * The song was recorded by Ringo Starr in 1970 for his first solo album Sentimental Journey.
 * Jazz guitarist Joe Pass recorded a solo fingerpicking instrumental version for his 1973 album Virtuoso.
 * Everything but the Girl chose this song for their first single in 1983. It reached No. 92 in August 1982.
 * Irish rock band U2 recorded a version of the song that was included on the 1990 Red Hot + Blue benefit compilation album to fight AIDS. It reached number two on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.
 * Kiri Te Kanawa on her Kiri Sings Porter (1994)
 * American jazz singer Karrin Allyson included the song in her 1995 album Azure-Té.
 * American rock band Chicago recorded the song in their 1995 album Night & Day: Big Band.
 * Susannah McCorkle- Easy to Love: The Songs of Cole Porter (1996)
 * The Temptations recorded the song for the soundtrack of the 2000 film What Women Want.
 * Actor/singer John Barrowman recorded the song for the soundtrack of the 2004 film of Cole Porter’s life and career De-Lovely.
 * Rod Stewart sang his own version of the song on his 2004 album Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III.
 * English actor, presenter, and singer Bradley Walsh recorded the song for his debut album Chasing Dreams in 2016.
 * American swing revivalists the Cherry Poppin' Daddies recorded a version of the song for their 2016 covers album The Boop-A-Doo.
 * Richard Cheese's cover of the song appears in the 2016 motion picture Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.
 * Canadian jazz pianist and singer Diana Krall included the song on her album Turn Up the Quiet (2017).
 * Willie Nelson included it on his 2018 Sinatra tribute album My Way.
 * Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga recorded a version of the song for their 2021 collaborative album Love for Sale.

Popular culture

 * On The Muppet Show, Muppet mummies sing it in the 1980 Gladys Knight episode.

title: Night and Day (song)


text:
Gregorio Céspedes

Gregorio Céspedes (or Gregorio de Céspedes), SJ (1551–1611) was a Spanish Jesuit priest who went to Korea to do missionary work. He arrived in Busan on 27 December 1593. He accompanied the forces commanded by Konishi Yukinaga, himself a Kirishitan daimyō, and proselytized among the Japanese soldiers during the first Japanese invasion of Korea under Toyotomi Hideyoshi. There is little evidence that he interacted directly with the Korean population, but it is believed that he did proselytize among Koreans who were being held captive by the Japanese.

title: Gregorio Céspedes


text:
Bill Longley (gunfighter)

William Preston Longley (October 6, 1851 – October 11, 1878), also known as Wild Bill Longley, was an American Old West outlaw and gunfighter noted for his ruthless nature, speed with a gun, quick temper, and unpredictable demeanor. He is considered to have been one of the deadliest gunfighters in the Old West.

Early life
Bill Longley was born on Mill Creek in Austin County, Texas, the sixth of ten children of Campbell and Sarah Longley. His family moved when he was two years old and he was raised on a farm near Old Evergreen, Texas, in present-day Lincoln, Lee County, Texas, where he spent a large part of his childhood learning to shoot. He received an average education for the time. He was six feet (183 cm) tall with a thin build, jet black hair, and was just reaching adulthood when the American Civil War ended in 1865.

By 1867, Texas was fully under the control of the Union due to the Reconstruction Act. The military acted in all capacities, including law enforcement, which caused considerable resentment throughout the state. Around this time, Longley dropped out of school and began living a wild life, drinking, and running in the company of others of a similar disposition.

First murders in Texas
In 1867 the Longley family farm was just one mile from the Camino Real, an old Spanish royal highway that joined San Antonio and Nacogdoches, Texas.

In mid-December 1868, three former slaves named Green Evans, Pryer Evans, and the third known only as Ned, rode through Evergreen, intending evidently to visit friends farther south. Longley, accompanied by a couple of friends, forced the three men at gunpoint into a dry creek bed. Green Evans panicked and spurred his horse to escape. Longley shot at him several times, killing him.

Longley and his friends went through the dead man's pockets, as Pryer Evans and Ned rode away. Although given sole responsibility for the murder, Longley later claimed that he was not the only one shooting. Longley's account of this murder differs from that of his later killings, where he was more inclined to brag about shooting men than to try to divert blame to others. Some versions of Evans' killing claim he was a member of the Texas State Police; the TSP only existed from 1870 to 1873.

Longley drifted around Texas for a time, and while gambling in saloons he became acquainted with noted gambler Phil Coe In 1869, Longley and his brother-in-law, John Wilson, embarked on a crime spree through southern Texas. Together they robbed settlers, and in one instance killed a freed slave named Paul Brice in Bastrop County, Texas, after which they stole his horses. They reportedly also killed a freed slave woman in Evergreen.

In March 1870, a $1,000 reward for their capture was offered by the Union military authority. Longley later claimed that Wilson was killed by outlaws in 1870 in Brazos County, Texas, although conflicting evidence suggests he was actually killed in 1874 in Falls County, Texas.

U.S. Cavalry career
Longley left Texas and moved north to avoid the authorities and by May 1870, he had joined a gold-hunting party in Cheyenne, Wyoming.

The gold mining party travelled into the Black Hills of South Dakota, but a treaty with the Sioux prohibited mining, and the party disbanded when intercepted by a U.S. cavalry unit. On June 22, 1870, Longley enlisted for a five-year commitment in the army, joining Company B of the U.S. 2nd Cavalry Regiment. His unit was stationed at Camp Stambaugh. He deserted two weeks later, as he was unable to adapt to the strict lifestyle, but was captured and court-martialed. He was sentenced to two years hard labor, strapped to a ball and chain, and imprisoned at Camp Stambaugh. He was held for four months and then released to return to his unit. His marksmanship skills were noticed, and he was assigned to the regular hunting parties regularly leaving the post. He deserted again in May 1872.

Return to Texas and further murders
Longley's travels for the rest of 1872 are unknown, but by February 1873 he had returned to Texas, where he was accused of murdering another freedman in Bastrop County. Following that, he returned to live with his father's family in Bell County, Texas. In the summer of that year, Mason County Sheriff, J. J. Finney, arrested Longley for murder and took him to Austin to collect a reward. When the federal military reward was not forthcoming from state officials, however, Finney released Longley, possibly in exchange for a bribe from Longley's uncle, Alexander "Pres" Preston Longley, of California.

On March 31, 1875, Longley killed his childhood friend, Wilson Anderson, with a shotgun. The murder was alleged to have been instigated by Longley's uncle, Caleb B. Longley, who had blamed Anderson for the death of his son, Cale, and urged Longley to take revenge. Longley then fled northward, accompanied by his brother, James Stockton Longley, who was later tried and acquitted of Anderson's murder. A new reward was posted for Longley's capture.

Under increasing pressure from law enforcement, Longley fled from place to place and used several aliases to avoid arrest. He briefly found work on a cotton farm, but he was forced to run again in November 1875, after murdering a hunting buddy named George Thomas with whom he had had a fistfight.

Longley committed another killing in Uvalde County, Texas in January 1876, when his attempted ambush of fellow outlaw, Lou Shroyer, turned into a gunfight. Shroyer shot Longley's horse out from under him, but Longley shot Shroyer dead. This is the only known case in Longley's career where one of his victims returned fire.

Fleeing again, Longley went to east Texas and became a sharecropper for a preacher, William R. Lay. Stability eluded him again, however, when he became a rival, with Lay's nephew, for the affections of a young woman. Longley beat up his rival, was subsequently jailed, and escaped. He blamed Lay for his brief imprisonment. On June 13, 1876, Longley rode out to his landlord's farm, found him milking a cow, and murdered him with a shotgun. Lay was the last man known to have been killed by Longley.

Longley next possibly went to Grayson County, Texas, where two of his friends, Jim and Dick Sanders, were in jail. He broke them out, and the trio escaped, disarming deputy Matt Shelton when he tried to arrest them. Longley fled to Louisiana. Approximately one year later, deputy Matt Shelton confirmed the encounter.

Capture and execution
On June 6, 1877, Longley was surrounded and arrested without incident by Nacogdoches County Sheriff Milt Mast and two deputies while he was residing in De Soto Parish, Louisiana under the alias "Bill Jackson." He was returned to Texas, tried in the Lee County Court, and sentenced to hang for the murder of Wilson Anderson. His appeal was denied in March 1878. On October 11, 1878, Longley was executed by hanging in Giddings, Texas, only a few miles from his childhood home of Evergreen. His grave and a state historical marker are in the Giddings City Cemetery.

Legend, hoaxes, and tall tales
Longley claimed to have killed thirty-two people, mostly of African American heritage.

Death hoax
Years after the execution, Longley's father, Campbell, came forward in a press release stating that his son had not been executed, and the death had been faked. After confirming the location of Longley's grave site, an exhumation of the human remains was performed in 2000. They were taken to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D. C., where DNA tests were performed, along with a skull reconstruction. In June 2001, it was officially reported that the remains from the grave site were indeed those of Bill Longley.

Unverified claims
Numerous myths and legends have grown up about Longley that cannot be verified by any contemporary source. Many of these legends trace back to tall tales that Longley himself told while imprisoned in Giddings in 1877. Some of these stories are probably false, while others could be true but lack any contemporary corroborating evidence. Longley's lies appear to have been motivated partly by his desire to rival John Wesley Hardin's reputation as a killer. Longley was outraged when he found he was to be put to death, while Hardin had only been sentenced to twenty-five years in prison.

The most clearly false story Longley told was of being captured and lynched in 1869 alongside one of Cullen Baker's outlaw gang, surviving when a lucky shot severed the rope he had been hanged from, and then joining Baker's riders. As Baker was dead and his band dispersed at the time Longley claimed this happened, the story cannot be true. There is no contemporaneous evidence to back claims that Longley murdered a black militiaman in Old Evergreen in 1866 for insulting his father, or that he shot eight black people in Lexington in 1867 to avenge the loss of a horse racing bet. Furthermore, Longley would have been 14 and 15 years old respectively at the time of the alleged incidents. True or false, the stories are consistent with Longley's well-established racist character; in his own words he "...was taught to believe it was right to kill sassy negroes..."

Longley's account of killing a trail boss named Rector while en route to Wyoming in 1870 is similarly of unknown veracity.

Weapons of choice
Traditionally, Longley is said to have used a pair of Dance .44 revolvers; the Dance was a Texas-manufactured imitation of the Colt Dragoon. However, he used a shotgun to kill both Wilson Anderson and William Lay, his only murders for which his weapon is definitely known.

In popular culture
Longley figures prominently in Louis L'Amour's 1959 novel The First Fast Draw, a highly fictionalized version of Cullen Baker's life. Longley is a major character in The Pistoleer, a novel by James Carlos Blake (Berkley Books, NY, 1995).

In 1954, the actor Douglas Kennedy played Longley in an episode of the syndicated western television series Stories of the Century. In 1958, Steve McQueen played Longley in Season 2, Episode 23 of Tales of Wells Fargo. Longley is the title character in The Texan, a television series starring Rory Calhoun which aired on CBS from 1958-1960, which portrayed Longley as a noble wanderer.

title: Bill Longley (gunfighter)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fate 288

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 03:51, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Fate 288
No relevant hits on google, no allmusic entry—looks like band vanity. Delete. JeremyA 03:50, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as band vanity. (There are only 8 hits for the band name, btw.) --Idont Havaname 05:49, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 06:04, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band vanity. Sjakkalle 09:22, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete band vanity. --Etacar11 22:34, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yumiko Fujita

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 03:52, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Yumiko Fujita
Nonnotable and vanity. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk 03:52, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I wish she had listed her contact info :( Ashibaka (tock) 05:19, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 06:04, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 11:00, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Fujita Yumiko (or vice-versa). Nateji77 13:49, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and encourage the author to Userfy. ESkog 20:31, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. --Etacar11 22:49, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
File:Flapper mag 1922.jpg

Flapper Magazine November 1922 Edition

title: File:Flapper mag 1922.jpg


text:
User:Jwrosenzweìg

This user has been blocked indefinitely as an imposter.

title: User:Jwrosenzweìg