text:
Wikipedia talk:Stub types for deletion/2006-Jun2008

Archives

 * First Archive: Path to Creation A place for discussions that led to the creation of WP:SFD.
 * Wikipedia talk:Stub types for deletion/Archive 2

List our permanently deprecated stubs?
Perhaps what is in order is creating and maintaining a list of stub templates or categories which, under conditions of "normal full sorting" at the time, should be completely unused or empty, and have a script that generates a list of articles currently using these stub types. Essentially, we would expand the scope of the treatment we give to stub and to these officially deprecated stub types. Is that workable? --CComMack (t•c) 06:01, 30 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd certainly support that; and as I mooted elsewhere, modifying the template message itself to subtly (or not so subtly) suggest that the stub it's been applied to should be re-sorted. Alai 06:17, 30 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Sounds fair to me, too. Especially if it will ease this argument - I'd far prefer to save my WP scrapping with people who aren't part of the stub "family", as it were :) Grutness...wha?  05:17, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Sounds fantastic.... if it works! Goldenrowley 19:23, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Log file renaming
Starting tomorrow, i.e. at the start of new month, and unless anyone has objection, I'm going to tweak the names of the log per-day files, to make them more consistent with other *fD pages, and to make transcluding into the archives more natural. Since the current choice of names is under the "own stupid fault" category, I assume this won't be too controversial. I won't bother re-doing the August ones, so unless anyone else is super-keen to do that, there will be some "irregularity" in the format of the current listings for a week, but nothing too perplexing I wouldn't think. Alai 01:25, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Not knowing this by the instructions on the archiving page, I've already made up a page for october using the "archive page creation " link at the bottom of the archive page for "October" deletes. Sorry, will revert 2 edits and let you finish tweaking the names of the archives. Goldenrowley 21:22, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what you were doing, but suffice it to say I'm glad you stopped. :) But yes, the link should have been updated to follow the new path, my bad.  (But the whole point of the new system is not having to cut and paste entries to archive them.)  Alai 05:49, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I was following instructions on the delete proposal page that sent me to the archive page and had me starting October archives. If archiving has become easier, and no longer requires help with cut and paste I heartily approve, but the user instructions will need to be updated. Goldenrowley 18:30, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Informing the creators is being ignored
This was crossposted and has little to do with the specific workings of this page. Please discuss at Wikipedia talk:Deletion policy. The comments have already been moved. Please do not spam such complaints across multiple pages. Rossami (talk) 19:22, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

Non-Admin Instructions Proposed
I got sort of confused following this page's instructions on my stub work deletions. I thought after deleting "craft" stub I was supposed to per instructions on this page request a "speedy delete" because it was an "empty category". Therefor after getting some specific advice from Alai on my page, I propose below a new bullet point on this instruction page as follows:

 * What to do after your proposal passes (for non-Admins): You can proceed to act on your proposal by emptying the category. However, Once you've emptied the category, don't mark it 'speedy delete'  following empty category rules. Instead put a note on this page, under "empty categories" section, that the stub section is empty and "reADY to be deleted." This tells stub administrators (if they haven't already noticed) that they should delete your emptied template. As an administrator has time they will delete the categories. Goldenrowley 21:16, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Don't tell people what they've not to do: it'll just give them ideas. :)  But yes, there might usefully be a note to the effect of what people-in-general can usefully do after closure, but before completion of same.  (For the B&S stubs that was an epic tale, I'm here to tell you.)  We shouldn't give the impression that there's something-in-particular the nominator should be doing, though.  Alai 05:40, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Revision of 10/13/06: Thanks, I am quite willing to take suggestions. So I revised already:
 * What to do after your proposal passes (for non-Admins): You can proceed to act on your proposal by emptying the category. However, Once you've emptied the category, don't mark it 'speedy delete'  following empty category rules. Instead If you have time, you can also put a note on this page, under "empty categories" section, that the stub section is empty and "ready to be deleted." This tells stub administrators (if they haven't already noticed) that they should delete your emptied template. As an administrator has time they will delete the categories. Goldenrowley 19:01, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Why not just: Once you've emptied the category, please also note on this page under the "empty categories" section that the stub section is empty and "ready to be deleted." ? Grutness...wha?  22:36, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
 * That would be fine with me. Goldenrowley 23:30, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

This article/article discussion is way too long
This is WAAAY too long. I doubt most people will get through a tenth of this page. I suggest condensing it. (If there is already a section on this, consider this backing it up as I did not see it, as I skipped most of this) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Maxman280 (talk • contribs)
 * The only reason it's "waaay too long" is one very long discussion, which will hopefully be removed from the page in the next few days. It's usually far shorter than this. Also, I'd ask you to compare it with other deletion process pages like Categories for discussion, which are several times as long. Grutness...wha?  23:20, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

 * This is my first time on this page and I am unsure how it is to be used. It is very cluttered. Chapium 20:26, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

SFD notification template?
Do we have a template or anything to notify stub template/category creators when something goes up for deletion? I've been trying to be more consistent with my notification, and it would seem that a quick talk page template would be useful. Perhaps something that would look like this (which is what I've been using):

==SFD notification== This message is to notify you that a stub template and/or category that you created ( and/or ) is up for deletion at WP:SFD. Please join the discussion. Thanks. ~

~ Amalas rawr  =^_^=  22:23, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I've templatified the notice I use for unproposed templates that end up here as sfd-notice. A similar notice for ones that have been proposed would also be useful, though the majority of nominations that come here are ones that haen't been through the WSS discussion (those that have have usually had any problems ironed out before they get created). Grutness...wha?  01:06, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

Category:Stub templates getting a second look
Category:Stub templates has been sent back to CFD; Deletion Review felt that it was worth seeing if consensus has changed since the very minimal discussion back in March. Please feel free to provide any input on the new deletion discussion, as this touches on an aspect of the Stub Sorting project. -- nae'blis 19:20, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

SFD old business
Aka "admin huddle" =) There are a couple cases out on SFD right now that having been sitting there awhile.  They're kinda tricky and I don't want to do anything "unilaterally" (to use the dreaded u-word).  If any admins, or really anyone, would like to voice their opinions, it would be much appreciated.  I would prefer the discussion to take place on the SFD case itself so that it will be archived together.  Thanks for your help! ~ Amalas  rawr  =^_^=  15:57, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) "Mainland China" categories
 * 2) Chicano-stub and Cat:Mexican-American stubs
 * I've probably said more than enough on those as it is, but if we're completely stuck, and feel that there's a "not enough eyes" issue, there's always WP:DRV, especially for the "Mainland China" types, as in that case, similarly-scoped permcats have repeatedly bitten the big one at WP:CFD, and otherwise. Alai 18:42, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Oh, and definitely the Ancient Rome ones too. October 13th! That's just way too long for that to be out there. ~ Amalas rawr  =^_^=  17:57, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Are those controversial or unclear? I asked for a "hold-on" while they were being "re-proposed", but that's been and gone long since, and only applied to some of them, anyway.  (That the decision was pretty barmy (in effect, unsort, ignore entirely, resort later when it's a much larger job) needn't detain us (though is certainly going to detain me from the 'unsorting' part).)  Alai 18:42, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Not really controversial or unclear, but I didn't really pay much attention to those, so I'm not sure what went on. If nothing really came of it, I'm fine with a "no consensus" and simply archiving them, or maybe transferring them to /D where they can be dealt with at some later date.  ~ Amalas  rawr  =^_^=  20:05, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
 * We could always do what they do at AfD - reintroduce them at the top if there's no consensus, for a bit more discussion. I like the idea of returning them to a section of WSS/D, though, where they can be perhaps given a second SfD later if it still seems like a good idea. Grutness...wha?  23:41, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The former is a reasonable option if there's been relatively little input, yes; for the trench warfare of some of the unrecognised territories, it's probably the last thing we'd need (in which case the latter would be better).  BTW, it might be clearer in the "Mainland China" case if your "vote" was a little more explicit either way, G.  Alai 04:31, 16 December 2006 (UTC)
 * point taken. I hope I've managed to clarify it a little! Grutness...wha?  10:12, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Not sure what's happening with this SFD?
Alai has put the SFD template on Category:Estonian record label stubs, but as far as I can tell, hasn't listed it on SFD. The template was added three days ago. Has the SFD been fast-tracked/completed quickly, or did the user (who tagged it with AWB, strangely) just neglect to list it? Esteffect 14:13, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

It's listed right here among many other record label stubs. ~ Amalas rawr  =^_^=  14:51, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

You hopefully won't think it so strange when you see the length of the list... Alai 15:12, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

How do I get here to do some editing?
At the top of this page is the following paragraph:

 * This page only deals with the deletion of stub types, which consist of a template and a category, and are intended to be used for sorting stubs. Stub templates that are missing categories and stub categories without associated templates are also appropriate here. All other templates or categories nominated for deletion have to be put on WP:TFD or WP:CFD, respectively.

I want to edit WP:TFD and WP:CFD to spell out their full names so that other new users will not be as stymied by these abbreviatsions as I have been. However, there's no (edit), and when I choose "edit this page", I don't get this paragraph. I'm guessing that it's in a template somewhere. Please direct me to such a template. Thanks. RSLitman 00:30, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Here it is: Stub types for deletion/About Valentinian (talk) / (contribs) 00:40, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

BJAODN
Look what I just speedied :o) Grutness...wha?  06:12, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
 * A shame, I found an article that could have used it, Anterior nares, whilst sorting the anatomy stubs. Caerwine Caer’s whines 00:04, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
 * To quote Grutness: WTF? :) Valentinian T / C 00:21, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Batch nominations at CFD
Several times recently there have been group nominations of similarly named categories at CFD, including a stub category. I've argued a couple of times that the stub cat should be handled separately, but it doesn't really make much sense to do so, so I've added a slight change to the wording at the top of CFD. It also affects things here, so if I've been too bold, feel free to revert or alter what I've done.

Previously, the instructions at the top of CFD said:
 * Categories relating to stub articles should not be nominated here, but should be taken to Stub types for deletion.

I've added an extra line:
 * If a group nomination of several similarly-named categories includes a stub category, it may be discussed here, but a note should be placed at Wikipedia talk:Stub types for deletion indicating that discussion on it is taking place.

That way, we get to find out about it, but it doesn't disrupt the CFD process.

(BTW, this was prompted by a current proposal to rename the categories to  equivalents). Grutness...wha?  23:54, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Should add a line indicating that the actual change should be left to people familiar with the stub sorting project so we don't end up with red links to the category on the stub list. Caerwine Caer’s whines 00:15, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

WP:WSS/NG overhaul proposal (and first re-draft!)
(This is just a courtesy copy of the note originally posted on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Stub sorting, since more sorters may actually be reading over here than over there.) Took me about 7-8 hours, but I think it sings. Did not change a single substantive thing about it either, as far as how it works, what is recommends, what procedures are, etc., etc. It's just a massive cleanup. Please see first wikilink ("The story") for proposal on how to proceed, in stages, designed to prevent the process from descending into argument and editwarring. Goal: Have WSS/NG become a formal Wikipedia Proposal and then Guideline. At a guess this is stage 1 of 4. — SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 11:03, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
 * The story: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Stub sorting/Naming guidelines
 * The first draft re-draft: WikiProject Stub sorting/Naming guidelines/Redraft1
 * What changed and why: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Stub sorting/Naming guidelines/Redraft1
 * PS: Yes, this has something to do with being tired of arguing with Alai and Grutness in SfD and WSS/P, whatever the outcome of the argument, and instead wanting to work on something positive and cooperative in WSS, which is why I joined in the first place. :-) Toodles. —  SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 11:09, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Redrafting, stage 2
At Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Stub sorting/Naming guidelines/Redraft2 I have listed a bunch of unlikely-to-be-controversial improvements for the NG document. Most of these were already clearly identified in Redraft1 as HTML comments, while a few come from Redraft 1 discussion. The HTML comments just mentioned are still (as of this writing) present in Redraft2, to indicate likely insertion points. Depending on when you read this, some of them may have alread been replaced with new text, or removed because controversial. I would propose that any item on the list that anyone feels is controversial in any way should be struck out and saved for Redraft Phase 3, the dealing with controversial stuff. Several of them may require a consensus discussion to determine what exactly they should say/advise. Let's do it! — SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 04:53, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Stub types for discussion
Given that we do a fair amount of renaming here, might it not be time to consider moving SFD to Stub types for discussion along the lines of CFD, RFD, and WP:UCFD? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Caerwine (talk • contribs) 22:55, 27 February 2007 (UTC).
 * Though I can see some sense in that, it may lead to some confusion - in many (most?) cases, stub types are discussed at WP:WSS/D prior to coming here. Having a discussion page leading to another discussion page sounds like the process is even more byzantine than it actually is. Also, not all the XFD pages have changed over - WP:AFD is still deletion, as are WP:IFD, WP:TFD and WP:MFD. Also, even when we're dealing with renaming, there is often an automatic deletion involved in the process. If we were to rename the page, I'd prefer something like "Stub types for renaming or deletion". Grutness...wha?  00:18, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a good rationale for merging WP:WSS/D and WP:WSS/P with WP:SFD. There's already a problem in that most of /D is "send to WP:SFD", meanwhile discussions happening at /P and SfD often go past each other and sometimes even conflict, and even more often are simply out of synch and result in re-debate or in unneccesary delays to resolve at SfD something already decided at /P, and so on.  Putting it all in one place would probably streamline things a whole lot. :-)  —  SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 04:59, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
 * The Discovery page serves partly as a holding bin for stubs that weren't proposed, but except for the fact that they are undersized at the moment could be useful. Thus it gives the person(s) who created the stub a chance to populate the stub type so that it can be placed on the main stub list, especially if they are informed as they ought to be when the stub is listed there.  It basically serves as a stub version of prod, except that deletion still has to be referred to SFD to be done.  Proposals is mostly about creation and SFD for deletion/renaming.  I could perhaps moving discussions about how to split existing overlarge stubs over to SFD, but there are proposals that involve more than merely splitting up existing stub types into smaller ones.  Say for example via a template such as :

‹The stub type this article is placed in by the stub template below has been proposed for splitting into smaller stub types. See stub types for deletion to help reach a consensus on what to do.›
 * Some of what we do could also be streamlined (both the creation and deletion side) if we had some more criteria for what would be speediable. Caerwine Caer’s whines 06:12, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I understand that they serve different purposes, but so does CfD, and it works just fine. The point was that all of these could be combined into a Stubs for Discussion page (which would have the further benefit of not making people dig around in WikiProject space for things that are rapidly taking on the character of "official" XfD processes. The discoveries page could be a discoveries section, the proposals page could be a proposals section, and the current SfD deletion/rename page would likewise be a deletion/rename section.  One-stop-shop.  Anyway, I'm not INSISTING on this, just bringing it up as idea for exploration.  The process we currently have is, I think, certainly hard to figure out and rather inefficient. —  SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] ツ 06:18, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

I wouldn't necessarily object to merging /D and /P (forgiveness and permission, as it were); they're both "just" project pages, after all (though use of the latter is upheld by a guideline). But SFD is a "process" page governed by the deletion policy, and to merge the project pages with that would be to imply "policy status" to the proposal and discovery processes, or else to dilute the status of the deletion process. Or at least, to cause confusion between the two. Alai 02:02, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

China post mortem
I've moved and depopulated the transclusions of China-geo-stub and China-struct-stub in favour of PRC-geo-stub and PRC-struct-stub, and full-protected the latter, given the nature of their recent history. I'm having second thoughts about outright deletion of the redirects, though, since they're heavily referenced in many, many talk pages, and there might be some consternation at the "sudden" disappearance of "China". I'd suggest either leaving it as a redirect (as at present), or replacing it with a "deprecated, please re-sort" message. Alai 03:45, 14 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I would definitely not delete it for the reasons you mentioned. I would suggest using a "deprecated, please re-sort" message to keep people from using "China" in the future.  If we just keep it as a redirect, no one is going to stop using those templates.  ~ Amalas  rawr  =^_^=  18:12, 16 April 2007 (UTC)
 * OK. Would this be a non-catted template, or one with a cat, like the notorious football-stub/?  Alai 16:28, 17 April 2007 (UTC)
 * We might want to have a cat so that we can easily check every so often for people who are using the China template. Speaking of the football cat, that page is a mess.  *runs off to fix it up* ~ Amalas  rawr  =^_^=  16:37, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

upmerge?
What does that mean? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.76.120.221 (talk • contribs)

 * It means that a stub template is created, but its corresponding category is not; the articles tagged with the template are sorted into a different category/ies, usually the parent(s) of wherever the stub cat would be. Eventually, when there are enough articles with that stub tag (60+ usually), the stub category may be created. HTH, Her Pegship  (tis herself) 19:19, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * "Combine with parent category." Circeus 19:52, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * An example: Germany-school-stub currently feeds into, since there are too few stubs about schools in Germany for a separate category. Grutness...wha?  00:44, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

kurdish, assyrian stubs
Could somebody give the result please, the time has flown. --Bohater 12:44, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

Renaming during discussion
Hi all - I've added a sentence in the page instructions asking editors not to rename templates or categories while they are being discussed - it usually does nothing but cause added headaches, more work, and more confused discussions. If i've been too bold, feel free to revert/amend as necessary. Grutness...wha?  01:58, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

A marketplace for Internet content
Having reviewed some of the polling on renaming/deletion of stubs, I am now of the opinion that, as the Wikipedia has had an impact on the Internet and more traditional encyclopedic works as sources of information in the global marketplace for content, there is a developing market for non-Wikipedia online references linking to groups of Wikipedia articles that appeal to those individuals who see organization of thought that we may have overlooked or agreed by concensus to eliminate. I suspect that I will be flamed for posting this as not suitable for mention here, but I believe mention relates to (1) the frustration of editors who passionately believe in what they are doing in Wikipedia editing, especically in the organization of knowledge (stubs or otherwise) that the Wikipedia represents and (2) the number of those frustrated editors who have a choice in taking more blood pressure medication as a result of organization-by-open-committee or permanently walking away in disgust. I am not yet that disgusted, but I can see that, as some Wikipedia editors feel justified in their triumphs over others' organizational ideas here, there will be more of us who choose to index Wikipedia articles in our own cataloging reference works on web sites not under the control, influence or other regulation of that which is Wikipedia. I wish upon them the same profitable good fortune that I would wish upon myself in that endeavor. Hotfeba 17:25, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Of course you can index WP using your own site. You can even fork the entire encyclopedia if you desire. That's the beauty of free content. — Carl (CBM · talk) 17:43, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

 * This I have known, but I was always under the impression that the mere mention was sufficient for blacklisting and vandalism as punishment for Wiki-treason. Hotfeba 00:39, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I would think that as long as you are willing to give back to the community, nobody could complain how you spend your own time. — Carl (CBM · talk) 01:12, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Doubtless I'm missing some context here, but I'm not sure I see how this particularly relates to SFD. Note that the deletion of a stub type doesn't necessarily even preclude other means of on-wiki "indexing" of that material.  As stub types are for the use of editors, off-wiki would seem distinctly odd.  On the broader point of the periodic frustrations of attempting to organise material in one way, while other people row in assorted other directions:  tell me about it.  That's rather the point of having guidelines for such things, though.  Alai 03:09, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

New (good) kludge for stub deletion-protection
Any admins out there who have to occassionally protect deleted stub templates of categories nows have a little tweak they can add to Deletedpage. Deletedpage works by looking at the namespace and directing the reader to whatever XfD archives are appropriate. Unfortunately, up until now, that means that stub template and stub category protected deletions have pointed viewers to TfD or CfD rather than SfD. Now though, by typing

the correct (SfD) archive will be linked. See Template:TRNC-stub for an example. (Thanks to User:Jitse Niesen for adding the parameter). Grutness...wha?  01:54, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Nifty. Should we add a reference to /P (to cater for the admittedly unlikely event that people decide to gain consensus for their notions for stub types, rather than just recreating them regardless)?  Alai 02:14, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Mmm. Do you really think it would do much good? :/ Probably not - we complain about Wikiprojects cluttering "our" templates with links - it's would be pretty much the same in reverse. Grutness...wha?  01:19, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Would it? The argument against the WPJ links basically boils down to cluttering up articles with them, with the self-referential and potential "ownership" implications of that, so there's no directly symmetrical concerns with a template that's only transcluded into the template space.  My concern is that absent any "please re-propose" instruction, people may form the impression that they have no other recourse than deletion review, which seems a bit over-engineered.  Alai 00:43, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Fair comment. Feel free to suggest it at Template talk:Deletedpage. It might be a good idea after all. Grutness...wha?  01:22, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Deletion process
Hi all - I suddenly realised there was nothing about SfD at Deletion process, so I added a section. Please check it out to make sure I haven't missed anything or misrepresented things at all. Grutness...wha?  01:29, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
 * On the deletion process page, the non-admin closure section says "Editors in good standing who have not been made administrators may close deletion discussions, with the following provisions..." one of which is that if you don't have power to delete something you can't close the discussion (see also WP:NADC). If this is true, we need some more admins to keep up with closures on this page, as so many of us loyal WPSSers are non-admins. (And Grutness can't be everywhere at once...) Her Pegship  (tis herself) 22:24, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I try :) And, well, the answer to this is, of course, obvious - Requests for adminship/Pegship :) Grutness...wha?  09:02, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Journals stubs
Could a stub expert please contribute to the stub issues at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Academic Journals? Thanks. Carcharoth 00:48, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Stubs for merger
Where should stubs for merger be proposed?--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 21:36, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm assuming you mean actual stubs here, and not stub types, right? Just tag 'em with merge (or mergeto/mergefrom), like any other article.  (If you do mean types, then list them here, since a merger necessarily involves at the least the deletion of one of the categories.)  Alai 23:57, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Backlog
I just followed the instruction posted in WP:AN. Anyways, I was going to report that the discussion of the Philippine Movie Stub / seems to be resolved but not yet closed for over a month now. However, seeing that there is a case that is still open which was made on November 2007, I think some admin must really sort out the page.-- Lenticel ( talk ) 09:42, 20 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I've dealt with a handful of the more obvious ones. Trouble is, many of the ones listed at the bottom of the page have no consensus - it may be worth thinking about relisting some of them to try to get more comments. Others, like the Philippines one, need orphaning of the old template, which is probably better handled by bot. I'll have a word with Alai - he handles the bot most often used here. Grutness...wha?  06:12, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

Consensus required
Hi all - consensus is required on a few items at SFD which have been open for quite some time. At present either they have very few comments, or they become a rambling discussion with no clear decision being made. If any of you could make some comments on the following, it would be very welcome: Grutness...wha?  07:06, 17 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Dec 11, 2007 - two Indian politician stub types
 * Jan 10 - Ohio sub-region stub categories
 * Feb 5 - Glass-stub

Mesogastropoda-stub
There are over 500 of these which need to be upmerged somewhere. Can someone please suggest where, and whether this is bot-doable? thanks...Her Pegship  (tis herself) 23:16, 6 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Probably better to ask advice from whatever relevant WikiProject there is on the subject, given the nature of the umperger decision. I doubt it can be done by bot. Grutness...wha?  00:18, 7 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Almost all of these articles have taxoboxes, so re-sorting by bot isn't by any means infeasible. We just need to get the nod on which taxa are still "good", and which obsolete, or so heavily rescoped as to not be a good basis for doing this.  Hopefully a further prod of the gastropod WPJ will do the trick:  they've had plenty of time to ponder this.  Alai (talk) 23:25, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

Cmbox
I know this is already mentioned as a notice at the top of everyone's watchlist, but the new Cmbox is likely to affect the way sfd-c and related templates look, so it's well worth taking a look. Grutness...wha?  00:48, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

ride-stub
I found Template:ride-stub that was marked sfr, but I can't find any entry for it... did it get overlooked somewhere? Aaronw (talk) 22:51, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
 * See [|March 20] It should have been fixed up, but apparently hasn't. Caerwine Caer’s whines  22:58, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Try here: Stub types for deletion/Log/2008/March. I just noticed this myself.   We need to get that sfr notice off the template, one way or another.  Powers T 16:41, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the spot, people. Looked to be entirely straightforward, so I assume just a random oversight.  (The law of hubris decrees that at this point, someone point out how I've screwed this up, and royally...)  Alai (talk) 21:40, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

Transcludable XfD discussions
I have proposed a new way of handling XfDs - please see Village pump (proposals).  JohnnyMrNinja  00:47, 28 June 2008 (UTC)


text:
Another Day on Earth

Another Day on Earth is the twenty-second solo studio album by Brian Eno, released on 13 June 2005 in the UK and Europe through Hannibal Records, and on 14 June 2005 in the US. The album predominantly recorded and mixed on Macintosh software, using Logic Pro, over a period of four years.

Overview
"Bottomliners" and "Under" were first worked on about six years previously, on a DA88, the latter songs' drumming being supplied by Willie Green. On the former, and on the ballad "And Then So Clear" he pitch-shifted his voice up an octave, using the gender-changing function on a Digitech Pro Vocalist creating a vocoder-like effect. His studio features a selection of hardware including a Lexicon Jam Man loop sampler and an Eventide H3000 Harmonizer.

The album is actually built around the "And Then So Clear" song. He says "... In one day, actually, I pretty much finished it ... I liked it so much, and I thought, how I am going release this song, and I thought, I have to write some others."

On the title track he repeatedly cut up the main phrase, so that "the listener had little windows on it." Similar "cut-up" methodologies were used for the lyrics of "This," in that he used his computer to generate some of the words.

"Under" is a nearly-identical version of a song that was on the unreleased 1991 album My Squelchy Life, which was released in 2014 as a bonus disc with a reissue of Eno's 1992 Nerve Net. It was also included in the Cool World soundtrack album.

For the ambient-style "A Long Way Down" Eno manually synchronised his vocals with an out of time keyboard melody, and on "Going Unconscious" he went back to using Koan generative music software for the textural background.

The distinctions between songs and instrumentals which contain vocals are deliberately blurred, particularly on the track "How Many Worlds": "There's just enough voice in there to make you hear it as a song, making it a bluff, a deceit."

The final track on the album, "Bone Bomb", was inspired by a newspaper story about a Palestinian girl who becomes a suicide bomber. The title refers to a point made by an Israeli doctor that when a suicide bomber detonates, the bomber's bones become shrapnel, adding to the destruction.

Track listing
All songs written and composed by Brian Eno, except where noted.
 * 1) "This" – 3:33
 * 2) "And Then So Clear" – 5:49
 * 3) "A Long Way Down" – 2:40
 * 4) "Going Unconscious" – 4:22
 * 5) "Caught Between" (co-lyrics by Danny Hillis and Eck Ogilvie-Grant) – 4:25
 * 6) "Passing Over" – 4:25
 * 7) "How Many Worlds" (co-lyrics by Michel Faber) – 4:47
 * 8) "Bottomliners" – 3:59
 * 9) "Just Another Day" (additional music composed by Peter Schwalm) – 4:21
 * 10) "Under" – 5:19
 * 11) "Bone Bomb" – 3:09
 * 12) "The Demon of the Mines" (Japan only bonus track) – 4:40

Personnel

 * Vocals, multiple instruments – Brian Eno
 * Keyboards – Jon Hopkins
 * Guitar – Leo Abrahams, Steve Jones
 * Violin – Duchess Nell Catchpole
 * Piano, Synthesizer – Peter Schwalm
 * Drums – Willie Green, Peter Schwalm
 * Loops – Brad Laner, Brian Eno, Peter Schwalm
 * Effects [Occasional Signals] – Dino
 * Effects [Splutters] – Barry Andrews
 * Spoken vocals – Inge Zalaliene (track 4), Aylie Cooke (track 11)
 * Mastering – Simon Heyworth
 * Artwork by [Design & Layout] – Sarah Vermeersch
 * Photography [Back] – Qin Siyuan
 * Photography [Front], Artwork By [Cover Design] – Brian Eno

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Another Day on Earth


text:
Talk:Nursing diagnosis

Difference
And ICD 10 code is required to get paid. A NANDA nursing "diagnosis" isn't. The only reason to perpetuate the ND is to sell books for colleges. You can get rid of the subject altogether and still be a nurse. Indeed, the "Joint Commission" (another for-profit agency, self regulated, and selling it's quality checks...) has declared that you don't need a nursing diagnosis to get paid anymore. That's been true for many years.

Perhaps a section on criticism is needed. Blondesareeasy (talk) 18:14, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

Undeclared Commercial Interest
NANDA-i holds copyright on intellectual property and seeks payment for the sale of rights, making the language commercial rather than scientific. This commercial interest should be declared. reference NANDA terms and conditions Tradimus (talk) 14:52, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

ALL diagnostic languages, including ICD-10, CPT codes, ABC codes, etc. are copyrighted, intellectual property requiring payment for their terms. This does not change the fact that the diagnoses within NANDA-I are based on research available at the time of submission and/or revision —Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.144.94.36 (talk) 18:20, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

I concur - hence no problem to declare it. NANDA-i has a longstanding financial relationship with Blackwell scientific publications, trading internationally as Wiley & Sons. They occasionally sponsor nursing research on diagnosis.The real 'owners' of the knowledge are the nurses who did the work and allowed publication. Perhaps the difference for clinicians is that the ICD 10 and ICNP has an on-line searchable database.--58.170.169.86 (talk) 23:22, 12 November 2011 (UTC)

Alternatives to NANDA-i missing
It is not impossible or even unusual for several alternative diagnostic systems to co-exist simultaneously, as is the case with the 	DSM-5 and ICD-10. There is at least one alternative to Nannda-i not mentioned in the article.

The World Health Organization has accepted the ICNP into the Family of International Classifications. - but these are not defined so cannot be taught or used clinically, these are for computer use as reference terminology Ref1. Rutherford, M., (Jan. 31, 2008) "Standardized Nursing Language: What Does It Mean for Nursing Practice? "OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. 13 No. 1.
 * World Health Organization Family of International Classifications contains diagnoses and can be used as such.
 * ICNP

Ref2. Hardiker & Rector (2001) Structural Validation of Nursing Terminologies JAMIA 2001;8:212-221 doi:10.1136/jamia.2001.008021 Tradimus (talk) 14:53, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

ANA also recognizes the Omaha system and the Home Health Classification system as two additional nursing diagnosis systems currently in use. ---58.170.169.86 (talk) 23:26, 12 November 2011 (UTC)

The section entitled "The process of diagnoses"
This section is supported by a single reference. Alternatives exist to this description of the diagnostic process, such as Marjory Gordons clustering of data. The term Implementation is also the name given to the stage at which the nurse takes action based on their diagnosis, as such I believe this terminology confusing and I suggest renaminging implementation.

In this illustration, the sequence of steps has the hypothsesis stage follow the nursing assessment. Presumably during assessment the nurse has the opportunity to make measurements or collect data to support a hypothetical diagnosis which she is yet to formulate, The hypothesis stage would more logically occur prior to the health assessment, yet assessment is not research and the word diagnosis (Literally: "through knowledge") presumes the existence of criteria on which the clients problem could be identified. In reality these stages often occur out of sequence or simultaneously and some may find this version reductionist, as opposed to holistic.

Further, there is a subtle and complex point to be made here, that diagnosis may be less important to nursing than to a related field called Health informatics. To use an example from another discipline, in australia the medical benefit schedule [1 ] is a list of item numbers or procedures which can treat related conditions, this classification system is fascinating and pivotal in that it governs funding. Health care taxonomy is entirely concerned with health care occurences but is not, in itself, health care.

Henderson, V (1987) Nursing Process: A critique Holistic Nursing Practice:May 1987 - Volume 1 - Issue 3 - ppg 7-18

Vancoe, C. (1996) Disparagement of the Nursing Process: The new dogma. Journal of Advanced Nursing Volume 23, Issue 1, pages 120–125, January 1996

--Tradimus (talk) 02:40, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

"Tradimus," I'm sorry, but I follow nothing of the above. And what is the point of your cites? It seems like a lot of copy/paste "whatever" going on here. Blondesareeasy (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 20:03, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

I have removed the categories that link to medicine as nursing has its own category. Nursing is a healthcare profession closely allied to medicine but is not a branch of medicine--Vincej 21:14, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I was asked to provide a cite for the statement that "many nurses feel, however, that nursing diagnoses are an ivory tower mentality and are not relevant to clinical practice." I wrote this from my general impression from working in nursing and reading some nursing liturature, but it's valid to ask for something more concrete than that. I did a quick google search and came up with which is a discussion board including some candid observations on the validitiy of NDs. I vaguely recall reading something in one of nanda's journal articles to that effect, I'll see if I can find it again. Matt 01:10, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I also found which isn't from NANDA, but I can't seem to find any NANDA stuff now. I might look it up next time I'm at school. Matt 01:42, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, that seems to be a critical, balanced look at the problem. I would like to paraphrase the conclusions from that article, which would mean replacing the current criticism. --Viriditas  | Talk 01:58, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

"Considerable work has also been done in the area of developing nursing terminologies, yet very little of this work has been implemented in practice settings" and certainly in my country nursing diagnosis is not used at all outside nursing schools. --Tradimus (talk) 12:32, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

how to write a diagnosis
how we write a diagnosis —Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.197.22.131 (talk) 13:37, 23 April 2009 (UTC)

Here is a step by step guide Example: Hunger proportional to starvation shown by growling stomach and stating "I'm hungry" --Tradimus (talk) 02:28, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
 * state if there is a problem which a nurse can deal with and name (Using a nursing capacity for reflection and critical thinking).
 * state what started the problem
 * state any personal or observable proof

Nursing diagnosis
More explanation and please avail us with download 154.227.110.198 (talk) 02:40, 16 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nursing diagnosis


text:
French ship Redoutable (1795)

The Redoutable was a Téméraire-class ship of the line 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. She took part in the battles of the French Revolutionary Wars in the Brest squadron, served in the Caribbean in 1803, and duelled with HMS Victory during the Battle of Trafalgar, killing Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson during the action. She sank in the storm that followed the battle.

Built as Suffren, the ship was commissioned in the Brest squadron of the French fleet. After her crew took part in the Quibéron mutinies, she was renamed to Redoutable. She took part in the Croisière du Grand Hiver, the Battle of Groix, and the Expédition d'Irlande. At the Peace of Amiens, Redoutable was sent to the Caribbean for the Saint-Domingue expedition, ferrying troops to Guadeloupe and Haiti.

Later, she served in the fleet under Vice-admiral Villeneuve, and took part in the Trafalgar Campaign. At the Battle of Trafalgar, Redoutable rushed to cover the flagship FRENCH SHIP Bucentaure when the ship following her failed to maintain the line. She tried in vain to stop Nelson's HMS Victory from breaking the line and raking Bucentaure, and then engaged her with furious cannon and small arms fire that silenced the British flagship and killed Nelson. As her crew prepared to board Victory, HMS Temeraire (1798) raked her with grapeshot, killing or maiming most of her crew. Redoutable continued to fight until she was in danger of sinking before striking her colours. She foundered in the storm of 22 October 1805.

Career
The ship of the line was laid down at Brest in January 1789, and launched as Suffren on 31 May 1791. She was the first ship of the French Navy named in honour of Vice-admiral Suffren de Saint Tropez, who had died a hero of the American War of Independence on 8 December 1788. She was completed there in December 1792.

Quibéron mutinies
Suffren was attached to the Brest fleet under Vice-admiral de Grimouard, later replaced by Morard de Galles. Under Captain Obet, she departed Brest in 1793 for a cruise to Quibéron. In September, the crews of the fleet revolted in the Quibéron mutinies, including the crew of Suffren. In retaliation, Suffren was renamed Redoutable on 20 May 1795. The same day, she received the new naval flag of the Republic, the full tricolour which replaced the white flag with a tricolour canton, and hoisted her.

Service in Brest
From March to June 1794 under Captain Dorré, she was the flagship of the naval station of Cancale. She comprised the Cancale division together with her sister ship FRENCH SHIP Nestor, under Captain Monnier.

In December, she took part in the Croisière du Grand Hiver under Captain Pierre Augustin Moncousu; upon departure, she broke her cables, but unlike the ill-fated Républicain, she managed to reach the open sea, followed by the frigate FRENCH FRIGATE Vertu. However, the damage sustained in the incident forced her to cancel her departure, and she returned to Brest.

In February 1795, the Suffren was the flagship of a division under Rear Admiral Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec within the fleet of Brest, under Villaret-Joyeuse. The ship was renamed Redoutable on 20 May 1795. Still under Captain Moncousu and with Commander César-Joseph Bourayne as first officer, she took part in the Battle of Groix on 23 June 1795, where her poor sailing properties compelled the frigate FRENCH FRIGATE Virginie, under Captain Jacques Bergeret, to take her in tow. During the battle, she was one of the few ships of observe Villaret-Joyeuse's orders to support Alexandre. Later, along with Tigre, she attempted to support Formidable, but to no avail as Formidable's tops caught fire and she ceased all resistance to save herself, eventually striking her colours. After the battle, she sailed back to Port-Louis, near Lorient,

In December 1796, Redoutable took part in the Expédition d'Irlande under Moncousu, by then promoted to rear admiral, and was the first French ship to reach Bantry Bay, after rallying elements of the French fleet. In the night of 22 to 23 December, she accidentally collided with Nielly's flagship, the frigate FRENCH FRIGATE Résolue, dismasting her of her bowsprit, foremast, and mizzen; only her mainmast stayed upright. the 74-gun FRENCH SHIP Pégase took Résolue in tow and returned with her to Brest, where they arrived on 30 December; Redoutable eventually limped back to Brest, where she arrived on 5 January 1797, in consort with FRENCH SHIP Fougueux, FRENCH SHIP Trajan, FRENCH SHIP Neptune and FRENCH SHIP Tourville, and four frigates.

Service in the Caribbean
In March 1802, the Redoutable was the flagship of a squadron of two ships of the line and four frigates under Admiral François Joseph Bouvet sent to reinforce Guadeloupe in 1802 and in the Saint-Domingue expedition in 1803, departing on 9 January from Ajaccio with troops and arriving on 4 February.

In 1803, Redoutable, under Captain Siméon, was part of a naval division under Rear Admiral Jacques Bedout, based in Saint-Domingue. The division was composed of the 74-gun FRENCH SHIP Argonaute as flagship, with Captain Bourdé as Bedout's flag officer; the 74-guns Redoutable and FRENCH SHIP Aigle, under Captain Pierre-Paulin Gourrège; the frigate Vertu, under Commander Antoine-Marie-François Montalan; and the corvettes FRENCH CORVETTE Serpente, under Commander Gallier-Labrosse, and FRENCH CORVETTE Éole, under Lieutenant Descorches.

Battle of Trafalgar
At the Battle of Trafalgar, on 21 October 1805, Redoutable was commanded by Captain Jean Jacques Etienne Lucas, with Lieutenant Jean Dupotet as first officer. Redoutable was the third ship behind the flagship FRENCH SHIP Bucentaure in the French line, coming behind Esprit-Tranquille Maistral's FRENCH SHIP Neptune and José Quevedo's SPANISH SHIP San Leandro. When Neptune and San Leandro dropped behind Bucentaure, exposing her stern, Redoutable rushed to cover her and prevent Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson's HMS Victory from cutting the Franco-Spanish line of battle.

With her bowsprit almost touching Bucentaure stern, Redoutable fired on Victory's rigging for ten minutes, trying to disable her to prevent the crossing of the French line, but did not manage to stop her advance, despite cutting off her foremast tops, her mizzen and her main topgallant, and ended up running afoul of her. A furious, fifteen-minute musket duel erupted between the two ships; the crew of Redoutable had been especially trained by Lucas for such an occasion, and soon the heavy hand grenade and small-arms fire on Victory's quarterdeck mortally wounded Vice Admiral Nelson. Lucas later reported:

A violent small-arms exchange ensued (...); our fire became so superior that within fifteen minutes, we had silenced that of Victory; (...) her castles were covered with dead and wounded, and admiral Nelson was killed by our gunfire. Almost at once, the castles of the enemy ship were evacuated and Victory completely ceased fighting us; but boarding her proved difficult because (...) of her elevated third battery. I ordered the rigging of the great yard be cut and that it be carried to serve as a bridge.

The French crew were about to board Victory when HMS Temeraire (1798) managed to come to the rescue of the stricken flagship, firing on the exposed French crew at point blank range, killing or wounding 200 men, including Lucas and Dupotet, struck by a bullet to the knee, who nevertheless remained at their stations. The crew of Redoutable rushed to man her artillery and engage Temeraire with her starboard battery, Soon, HMS Tonnant (1798) took a position at stern of Redoutable, which thus found herself fired upon from three larger ships. In the ensuing cannonade, Redoutable lost most of her artillery, including two guns that burst, killing several gunners. Temeraire hailed for Redoutable to surrender, but Lucas had volley of musketry fired for replies.

At 1.55 pm, Redoutable, with Lucas severely wounded, and only 99 men still fit out of 643 (300 dead and 222 severely wounded), was essentially defenceless. The Fougueux attempted to come to her aid but came afoul of Temeraire. After ascertaining that Redoutable was too damaged to survive the aftermath of the battle, and worried that she would sink before his wounded could be evacuated,  Lucas struck his colours at 2:30. Redoutable's aft featured a large opening and was in danger of collapsing, her rudder was shot off, and the hull was pierced in many spots.

Being much damaged and weakened by the fight themselves, the British ships took some time to take possession of Redoutable, and Lucas had to request urgent assistance to pump water, as four of Redoutable's pumps were destroyed and few of her crewmen could man them.

Redoutable was freed from the rigging of Temeraire around 7 in the evening and was taken in tow by HMS Swiftsure (1804). The next day, Redoutable made distress signals, and Swiftsure launched boats to evacuate her passengers; she foundered around 7, taking 196 men with her. Lucas reported: "On the 30th, at 5pm, she was forced to ask for assistance; there was only time to save the captain and the men who were not wounded, as at 7pm, her stern collapsed and she foundered. 50 wounded were saved as they clung to floating debris from the ship. Lucas' report dates the sinking to 30 vendémiaire An XIV of the French Republican Calendar, which amounts to 22 October 1805."

Victory had sustained 160 casualties, and Temeraire 120. Of Redoutable's crew, 169 were taken on board Swiftsure; the wounded were sent to Cadiz on a cartel, and 35 men were taken prisoner to England.

Lucas was received in England with great courtesy. After his release from capture, he was personally awarded the rank of Commandeur of the Legion of Honour by Napoleon for his role during the battle.

title: French ship Redoutable (1795)


text: User talk:24.242.225.180

title: User talk:24.242.225.180


text:
User talk:Katie Rochelle

Katie, welcome to wikipedia! I noticed your edits to aquarium, and am glad you stopped by to contribute. However, the aquarium article is a broad-spectrum article designed to give a top-level overview of all aspects of aquaria. I have started a new page for contributions like yours, called destructive fishing techniques, that I think may be more appropriate for the topics you are interested in expanding on. I know that article is a bit of a mess right now, but there is a lot of good information there and I'm sure we can make it into something great.

I've noticed a lot of new contributors all working on the same section of the same article that you have worked on; I was wondering if you knew why this was? It is certainly unusual. You can send me a message by stopping by my user page and leaving a message on the "discussion" tab (at top). Or, you can just reply here, I'll keep an eye out for a bit here.

Anyways, welcome, and we hope you stick around! - Bryan is Bantman 01:11, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Katie Rochelle


text:
Te Wānanga o Aotearoa

Te Wānanga o Aotearoa is an indigenous tertiary education provider with over 80 campuses throughout New Zealand. As a Māori-led organisation grounded in Māori values, Te Wānanga o Aotearoa is committed to the revitalisation of Māori cultural knowledge. It is also focused on breaking inter-generational cycles of non-participation in tertiary education to reduce poverty and eliminate associated social issues. The organisation works towards "whānau transformation through education".

Te Wānanga o Aotearoa is one of three such wānanga organisations in New Zealand, and is currently one of the largest public tertiary education institutions in the nation.

History

Te Wānanga o Aotearoa was founded in 1984 to provide training and education for those whose needs were not being met by the mainstream education system. The genesis of what would become Te Wānanga o Aotearoa emerged as the brainchild of Te Awamutu College board of governors' member Rongo Wetere and Māori Studies teacher Iwi Kohuru (Boy) Mangu. The two men wanted to provide a "marae of learning" as an educational alternative for the large number of predominantly Māori students being expelled from Te Awamutu College.

Their solution was to lead a group of these students to create a wharenui on the college's grounds. The two men were joined in their endeavours by tohunga whakairo (master carvers) Pakariki Harrison and Mac Bell and tohunga raranga (master weaver) Hinemoa Harrison. The resulting structure, O-Tāwhao Marae, was opened on 26 April 1985 and is still used to introduce students to te ao Māori (the world of Māori). Although the project encountered resistance at the time, O-Tāwhao is now recognised as an invaluable resource for the college and Te Awamutu community.

In 1984, Mr Wetere led a project to create the Waipā Kōkiri Arts Centre. The centre would provide further educational opportunities for the students who were involved in the O-Tāwhao Marae project and engage others in the community who had no qualifications. The aim was to provide these people with a future beyond the unemployment queues. Although some government funding was available, further fundraising and, in some cases, personal loans from founders were needed to complete the centre. On completion of the centre, new government funding became available that enabled the Waipā Kōkiri Arts Centre to expand its programme portfolio. Office administration, computer technology studies and trades training programmes in building and plumbing were added to the whakairo (carving), raranga (weaving) and Te reo Māori programmes already running. The centre also became involved in community projects, including renovating marae throughout the country and producing carving and weaving to adorn these buildings.

During the 1980s, a time of high unemployment in New Zealand, the kaupapa (philosophy) of the Waipā Kōkiri Arts Centre was to increase Māori participation in tertiary training by taking education to the people, particularly those without qualifications. With travel a major barrier for many, the founders began opening campuses in other areas, including Te Kūiti, Hamilton and Manukau.

In 1987, Buck Nin, a leading New Zealand educationalist and artist, and Mr Wetere advanced the concept of creating a tertiary education institute, or wānanga. Dr Nin believed that, by gaining tertiary status, Aotearoa Institute would earn recognition for its qualifications throughout New Zealand and the world. In 1988, the pair submitted an application to the Ministry of Education and the following year the government changed the Education Act to open the way for recognition of wānanga as tertiary education institutions. The same year (1989), Waipā Kōkiri Arts Centre changed its name to Aotearoa Institute and shortly afterwards became the first registered private training establishment (under NZQA) in the country.

The Aotearoa Institute lobbied government for a further five years before being granted tertiary status in 1993. This gave the organisation statutory recognition as a wānanga and placed it alongside universities, polytechnics and teachers' training colleges. In 1994, Aotearoa Institute changed its name to Te Wānanga o Aotearoa to reflect this change in status.

Te Wānanga o Aotearoa experienced phenomenal growth during the early 2000s (growing from 3,127 students in 2000 to 66,756 students in 2004) and quickly become the largest tertiary education institution in the country; however, there was a price to pay for this rapid expansion. The organisation became mired under the weight of its own popularity; it was struggling to keep pace with the insatiable desire for learning amongst those who had previously been sidelined by an exclusive education system and its internal processes were struggling to cope.

In 2005, the government appointed a group of Crown managers to help consolidate the organisation and put in place systems and processes more befitting a nationwide institution of this magnitude. This work included a nationwide restructure, reorganisation of the executive level of the institution, and a review of the curriculum portfolio. Since this time, Te Wānanga o Aotearoa has re-established itself as a leading provider of Māori education in New Zealand and its reputation has grown as a popular destination for overseas organisations hoping to emulate its success.

Wānanga in tertiary education
In traditional times, whare wānanga were houses of higher learning dedicated to perpetuating knowledge. Attendance at whare wānanga was a great privilege, with stringent selection processes ensuring that only the most capable students were chosen to receive the knowledge that was to be shared. In the modern context, wānanga retain their status as places of higher learning, alongside universities and polytechnics as recognised tertiary institutions in New Zealand.

Te Wānanga o Aotearoa is one of three wānanga that have been given statutory recognition in New Zealand. The three wānanga are represented by the collective national association Te Tauihu o Ngā Wānanga.

Te Wānanga o Aotearoa expresses āhuatanga Māori through the application of its guiding principles and through tikanga operating throughout the organisation in day-to-day activities. Āhuatanga Māori is also expressed through the actions of its staff members and through the programmes it delivers. Although operating within te ao Māori (the Māori sphere), Te Wānanga o Aotearoa is an inclusive organisation that welcomes all New Zealanders.

Curriculum
Te Wānanga o Aotearoa delivers programmes from certificate through to masters level. Its programme portfolio has been developed over a number of years in consultation with iwi, industry, community and students. Te Wānanga o Aotearoa considers feedback from these groups in combination with the objectives of the Government's Tertiary Education Strategy, organisational objectives and constraints that impact on the organisation.

A key objective is to eliminate, as much as possible, barriers that have previously prevented people from participating in tertiary education, including economic barriers, geographical barriers, barriers created by family and work commitments, and barriers created by previous negative experiences in the secondary and tertiary education systems. To eliminate these barriers, Te Wānanga o Aotearoa strives to keep fees to an absolute minimum, to maximise programme options and locations, to offer a range of flexible learning hours and to provide as much student support as possible. The resulting mix of programmes at each site represents a balance of these often competing objectives.

Student demographics and achievement
In 2010, more than 35,000 students studied at Te Wānanga o Aotearoa. Of these students, 18,020 (50.1%) indicated they had Māori whakapapa (ancestry) and 3,702 (10.3%) indicated Pasifika origins. Sixty-eight per cent of students were women and 52% were older than 40 years of age.

Thirty-eight per cent of students enrolling at Te Wānanga o Aotearoa in 2010 did not have any qualification and 30% were unemployed just prior to enrolling. Students continued to record high levels of student satisfaction during 2010. Most notably, 91% of students across the country were 'very satisfied' or 'satisfied' with their tutor and 90% of students were 'very satisfied' or 'satisfied' with their learning environment. Students also recorded high levels of satisfaction with the quality of learning resources, their programmes and the quality of facilities on their campus.

In 2010, Te Wānanga o Aotearoa achieved an overall programme graduation rate of 70%, and course completion and retention rates of 78% and 81% respectively.

Mātātahi Mataora
During the 25 years since its foundation, Te Wānanga o Aotearoa has been catering for an increasingly more mature student group as the organisation's reputation for delivering inclusive and engaging adult education has spread. While remaining committed to providing educational opportunities for its mature students, the organisation is now returning to its roots.

In reaction to high youth unemployment in New Zealand, Te Wānanga o Aotearoa introduced a range of new youth initiatives to help young people transition from the secondary education system into tertiary education. Initiatives include the provision of full-time youth learning facilities and day courses for those enrolled in mainstream secondary schools.

Open Wānanga
Open Wānanga, a wholly owned subsidiary of Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, provides home-based learning to students throughout New Zealand whose circumstances prevent them from attending on-site classes. The most popular subject areas for students studying through Open Wānanga were Māori history and knowledge and English language.

Open Wānanga was folded back into Te Wānanga o Aotearoa in 2015.

title: Te Wānanga o Aotearoa


text:
Lead generation

In marketing, lead generation is the process of creating consumer interest or inquiry into the products or services of a business. A lead is the contact information and, in some cases, demographic information of a customer who is interested in a specific product or service.

Leads may come from various sources or activities, for example, digitally via the Internet, through personal referrals, through telephone calls either by the company or telemarketers, through advertisements, and events.

 * In 2014, a study found that direct traffic, search engines, and web referrals were the three most popular online channels for lead generation, accounting for 93% of leads.
 * In 2018, Chief Marketer found that B2B marketers favored email, live events, and content marketing as their top three.
 * After the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Gartner identified increases in social and search engine optimization for B2B marketers, while B2C marketers favored digital advertising.

Lead generation is often paired with lead management to move leads through the purchase funnel. This combination of activities is referred to as pipeline marketing, which is often broken into a marketing and a sales pipeline.

Lead scoring
Lead scoring is "an effective model that helps sales and marketing departments identify which prospects are potentially most valuable to the company and its current sales funnel." It involves a quantitative method of assigning a numerical “score” to a lead. This helps the company determine whether a contact is valid for their pipeline and allows them to prioritize leads and allocate resources accordingly.

The introduction of marketing automation in recent years has made lead scoring much easier to implement. Many modern customer relationship management (CRM) tools (e.g., Hubspot, ActiveCampaign) now include software to automate this process.

Criteria for lead scoring
The score assigned to each lead is assigned based on their level of interest, fit with the company's target market, and likelihood of becoming a paying customer. It is not static and can change based on the demographic or behavioral criteria set by the company. Once the lead reaches a pre-defined score threshold, it is then sent from marketing to the sales team for examination.
 * Demographic criteria: Based on data points such as age, job title, and/or company information such as company size, revenue, etc.
 * Behavioral criteria: Based on actions a lead has taken, such as clicking on a link in an email, watching a video, or visiting pages on a website.

Nationalization Efforts
In February 2024, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) issued guidance targeting the manipulation of comparison-shopping tools for financial products due to kickbacks. This manipulation impacts lead generation, steering consumers towards certain products not because of their merits but due to hidden financial incentives. The guidance highlights how such practices may breach federal consumer protection laws, emphasizing the need for unbiased, transparent comparison tools in the financial sector and offering the concept of a federal comparison shopping site as an alternative.

title: Lead generation


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Hard Tack (horse)

Hard Tack (March 25, 1926 – September 21, 1947) was an American Thoroughbred  racehorse bred by James Cox Brady and sold after his death to the Wheatley Stable of Gladys Mills Phipps and her brother Ogden L. Mills. Sired by Man o' War, he showed considerable promise as a racer, but his temper prevented him from achieving success on the track. As an example, on one occasion when the starting gate opened and the horses rushed out, Hard Tack stood perfectly still, refusing to budge.

Retired to stand at stud at Claiborne Farm near Paris, Kentucky, Hard Tack went on to sire the great racer Seabiscuit.

Sire line tree

 * Hard Tack
 * Seabiscuit
 * Sea Sovereign
 * Sea Swallow

title: Hard Tack (horse)


text: User talk:85.226.68.65

title: User talk:85.226.68.65


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The Legend of the True Cross

The Legend of the True Cross or The History of the True Cross is a sequence of frescoes painted by Piero della Francesca in the Basilica of San Francesco in Arezzo. It is his largest work, and generally considered one of his finest, and an early Renaissance masterpiece.

Its theme, derived from the popular 13th century book on the lives of saints by Jacobus de Voragine, the Golden Legend, is the triumph of the True Cross – the legend of the wood from the Garden of Eden becoming the Cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified. This work demonstrates Piero's advanced knowledge of perspective and colour, his geometric orderliness and skill in pictorial construction.

History
Dating of the frescoes is uncertain, but they are believed to date from after 1447, when the Bacci family, commissioners of the frescoes, are recorded as having paid an unknown painter. It would have been finished around 1466. Most of the choir was painted in the early- to mid-1450s. Although the design of the frescoes is evidently Piero's, he seems to have delegated small parts of the painting to assistants, as was usual. The hand of Giovanni di Piamonte, in particular, can be recognised in some of the frescoes.

An exhaustive restoration began in 1991 and was completed in 2000.

Episodes
The main episodes depicted are:
 *  Death of Adam (390 x 747 cm). According to the legend, the tree from which the cross was made was planted, at the urging of angels, at the burial of Adam by his son, using a branch or a seed from the apple tree of the garden of Eden.
 * The Queen of Sheba in Adoration of the Wood and The Meeting of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba (336 x 747 cm). According to the legend, the Queen of Sheba worshiped the beams made from the tree, and informed Solomon that the Saviour would hang from that tree, and thus dismember the realm of the Jews. This caused Solomon to hew it down and bury it, until it was found by the Romans.
 * Exaltation of the Cross  (390 x 747 cm).
 * Constantine's Dream  (329 x 190 cm) Emperor Constantine the Great, before the battle of Milvian Bridge, is awakened by an angel who shows him the cross in heaven. With the cross on his shield, he slew the enemy, and later converted to Christianity.
 * Discovery and Proof of the True Cross (356 x 747 cm). Helena, Constantine's mother, finds the cross in Jerusalem. It was not easy to get information and "when the queen had called them and demanded them the place where our Lord Jesus Christ had been crucified, they would never tell... her. Then commanded she to burn them all" or cast them into a dry pit for seven days and there torment them with hunger. The Jew is shown in one fresco being pulled from the pit by a rope, whereupon he confessed that Jesus was his lord and where the cross was located. The proof of the cross was that it was used to resurrect a dead man.
 * Battle between Heraclius and Khosrau (329 x 747 cm). The cross played a role in battles during the war between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Sassanid Empire (early 7th century).

Piero diverged from his source material in a few important respects, including the story of King Solomon's meeting with the Queen of Sheba in a chronologically inaccurate place and giving greater emphasis to the two battles in which Christianity triumphs over paganism.

The cycle ends with a depiction of the Annunciation, not strictly part of the Legend of the True Cross but probably included by Piero for its universal meaning.

title: The Legend of the True Cross


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Battle of Caralho

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete. bainer (talk) 03:13, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Battle of Caralho
I can't find reference to this event anywhere..--Hooperbloob 01:16, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Adding to VfD log. --cesarb 01:41, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Neither can I. Besides, caralho is a swearword, which might point to the article being a hoax. Delete. --cesarb 01:38, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 02:36, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, vandalism, hoax. There is no such battle, and the text is essentially a long-winded racial slur, it compares black people with dogs. Kill it fast. --bainer (talk) 02:55, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: the Portuguese language version has already been deleted, this implies a hoax. --bainer (talk) 02:58, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: speedy deleted by me as a racist taunt. Read the article.  The problem came "when Black people learned how to talk.  Later they learned how to walk" upright.  Evil racist crap.  Bye bye. Geogre 03:02, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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User:Lyra14

Hello, my name is Andrew, and I am a student in Kingston, Ontario. I too am interested a lot in Wikipedia, and plan to add whatever I can (whatever I know) to Wiki articles.

title: User:Lyra14


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User talk:NeoShroom

SHROOOOM! Shrooms exist in the Mario games. → Jarlaxle Artemis   01:18, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:NeoShroom


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Imaginary Homelands

Imaginary Homelands is a collection of essays and criticism by Salman Rushdie.

The collection is composed of essays written between 1981 and 1992, including pieces of political criticism – e.g. on the assassination of Indira Gandhi, the Conservative 1983 General Election victory, censorship, the Labour Party, and Palestinian identity – as well as literary criticism – e.g. on V. S. Naipaul, Graham Greene, Julian Barnes, and Kazuo Ishiguro among others.

The title essay – "Imaginary Homelands" – was originally published in the London Review of Books on 7 October 1982. Comparing his work Midnight's Children to other works that draw on diaspora as a central theme, Rushdie argues that the migrant – whether from one country to another, from one language or culture to another or even from a traditional rural society to a modern metropolis – "is, perhaps, the central or defining figure of the twentieth century."

title: Imaginary Homelands


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Talk:Popover

Untitled
I suggest a link to some recipe sites that feature this dish and any other sites that refer to the popover's history. I want to make some of these! Ryan Prior 01:21, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * I added a couple of links that I think could be helpful. The only restaurant where I have encountered them is Anthony's Cummaquid Inn on Cape Cod. Jagvar 20:47, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Difference between popover and Yorkshire pudding?
Sorry but i do not see any difference to Yorkshire pudding (especially the linked recipe). The ingredients seem to be the same. Maybe its just a different name for the same thing? Especially the use of drippings from the roasting seem to be the same for traditional Yorkshire pudding. 84.190.177.125 22:54, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Having eaten both, I can tell you they are very different in both taste and texture. They are different; there is a recipe for Yorkshire pudding on the same site as the popover recipe. If you compare recipes, you will see the distinct differences. Hope that helps. Jagvar 04:14, 16 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Doesn't look all that distinct to me, one is roughly half the size of the other and uses butter instead of beef fat (but in proportion). They taste pretty much the same, there are differences between those in different parts of Britain so it is understandable that they won't taste exactly the same as every other Yorkshire pudding. I think it is just a way for Americans to claim a food as a local thing, and avoid confusion with the word "pudding". 71.231.59.166 (talk) 03:57, 25 September 2009 (UTC)

We come from Yorkshire and partner makes great Yorkshire Puddings. We have recently eaten popovers in the US and there was no difference at all between them and the puddings that we make at home. The only thing is that popovers are wasted as they are eaten with strawberry butter and not with brown gravy and a pot roast/meat joint dinner that we would eat them with in the UK. Helen Brown Northampton UK - - - -

Another popover
In the southern U.S. I remember a floating fried bread that was spooned into deep fat and, after browning on the bottom, would "popover" and brown the other side. hermit48 09:24, 5 November 2007

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 10:09, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Quotation
Is there any meaningful benefit to this quotation? It appears to me as a silly addition that adds nothing (and in fact needs a note to explain that it inverts the historical order) and at worst seems just slightly out of place in a WIki article. I'm not about to remove it as it serves no harm, but figured I would ask if anyone knows of any importance to be added that I'm not aware of. --Human.v2.0 (talk) 22:12, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

Poffertjes
While popovers can be thought of as flawed Yorkshire Pudding, I'm pretty sure the etymology comes from the popular Dutch treat called "poffertjes", which are usually served as a sweet dessert, but are quite similar in their structure. --miltonBradley 16:04, 31 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Do you have a reliable source for this? OED gets the name from pop + over. And poffertjes don't seem all that similar to popovers. --Macrakis (talk) 17:05, 31 October 2010 (UTC)

So Popovers are basically Yorkshire Puddings?
Same recipe, same use, yet this is an American food? Sorry, I don't mean to be obnoxious, but I find the post-colonial independence wording of such articles 'a bit shit' to be honest. Some guy with a national identity crisis (like Mr. Noah Webster, dropping the 'U's for instance) decides the grub he'd been fed for years needs to be nationalised? 'Popovers' are the same thing as 'Yorkshire Puddings' merge this beastly fucker of intolerance and be done with it! The next time an American complains about 'English Food' I'm going to punch them in the fucking taint. Signed, yours truly, now piss off. 2.96.71.30 (talk) 13:22, 18 June 2011 (UTC)   <<<<  Your not actually mad that we renamed a couple of your food items... your just still mad that a bunch of us peasants kicked your asses and then became a better country!!!

Disambiguation
I was surprised to end up on this article, when looking for the computer/software term 'popover'. What's more, on this page there is a hatnote link to a dress called popover, but no link to the software article (which I've now added), so I couldn't even get to my intended destination via a detour. I think a disambiguation page is needed here, rather than the current situation whereby this is the primary article and the other two are linked through hatnotes, for the reason that while the baked good may seem like an appropriate primary article for people from the USA, that isn't the case for much of the rest of the world. Views? DoubleGrazing (talk) 15:05, 17 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Popover


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Product literature

Product literature is a primary subset of business publishing that is geared toward the selection, purchase and subsequent use of a business' products. Product literature is intended to be created and distributed by the manufacturer alongside the product. The two components are designed to work in tandem so as to provide more information to the purchaser regarding factors such as ongoing use, how the product functions and what the expected effects over time might be.

While the majority of product literature is put out by the business making the product, aftermarket material can still be classed as product literature provided that the content it contains pertains to the product. It is also possible for there to be no literature adjacent to the product. Some categories of product literature include product promotional literature, product datasheets, product development literature, product operating manuals and product purchasing terms and conditions.

Promotional Literature
Promotional literature is a class of product literature that endorses and advocates for the selection and usage of a product. The primary function of promotional literature is to act as a form of advertising for the product that emphasises the benefits of choosing it. It also aims to mitigate the compromising effects that product uncertainty can have on a consumer. (Hong & Pavlou, 2014). There does not necessarily have to be any differences between competing products, and often successful product differentiation will create an imagined perception of greater quality to become more popular in the market. (Dickson & Ginter, 1987).

The price of a good can in of itself be a marketing tool. Consumers may view a product as of higher quality if the upfront cost surpasses that of its competition. Additionally, if the message of a product is transmitted in an expensive manner, such as through a multi-million dollar commercial with national exposure, the consumer may in turn place a greater degree of faith in the quality of the product. (Milgrom & Roberts, 1986). Different forms of promotional literature may include materials such as pamphlets, posters, videos, audio tracks and online resources. (Law insider, 2022). While promotional literature used for advertising is often an explicit endorsement of a specific product, it can alternately serve to build or affirm the reputation of the brand behind the product. This is most commonly done by brands who are seeking to uphold standards of quality or consumer expectation. (Rao & Monroe, 1989).

Promotional literature can be supplied directly to the consumer via systems such as print mail and electronic correspondence, or it can be indirectly supplied to the product's target audience as material that is associated with the acquisition of the product. There is continued debate as to which method of delivery is more effective at selling a product. (Jackson, Keith & Burdick, 1987). It is also possible for promotional literature to be memorised and utilised by a salesperson of the product. Though in this case it is worth noting that the role of literature in this practice does not fit into the conventional understanding of written literature. Instead, the information becomes subject to the psychological pressures that come with selling person to person. (Dichter et al., 1954).

While the primary function of promotional literature is to make the product appeal to a consumer, it can also be used as a form of market research by the manufacturer. It can also be presented through permission based marketing as opposed to traditional methods of advertising. Additionally, there is no universally agreed format dictating how large or factually supported the promotional literature of a product should be. (BMJ, 1970). It is up to the manufacturer to determine what quantity and accuracy of material is appropriate to make available for the consumer.

Product datasheets
Product datasheets are a form of product literature used to provide quantitative information to the manufacturer or a consumer in relation to a product. A manufacturer may choose to implement datasheets during the development phase of a product as a means of smoothing production later. (Krane & Braun, 1991). Datasheets can also be used throughout the creation of a product to track inventories, to model supply and demand and to calculate profit margins. In recent years each of these tasks have become more necessary for business' to ensure a high level of traceability in accordance with governmental regulations. (McKay, 2008).

Online datasheets and specifications are seen on e-commerce platforms as a means to compensate for the lack of physical interaction that the consumer has with the product. (Jiang & Benbasat, 2007). They work alongside text and images to deliver the promotional literature in a more comprehensive manner that is necessary given the challenges that accompany online shopping.

Datasheets for consumers are usually not made for the same logistical purpose that the manufacturers’ are and are instead frequently provided as another form of promotional or instructional literature to go alongside the product. This is generally done by supplying certain figures considered to be of consumer interest, such as horsepower output for a car, pixel count for a digital camera, or battery life for rechargeable electronics. (Hsee et al., 2009). This is done to simplify the product for the consumer, so that they can make their purchasing decision based on a few key attributes that fulfil their situational needs. (Barroso & Giarratana, 2013). The supplied figures may also form part of a larger operating manual or other form of instructional literature. Additionally, datasheets may provide similar information aimed at consumers with various levels of technical knowledge, such as products that relate to medical purposes. (Puttick, 1988).

Product development literature
Product development literature is a type of literature that is created and utilised during the constructing and designing of a product. This can begin when a product is in the stage of concept development (Krishnan & Ulrich, 1991). It is during this time that ideas regarding how the product will be configured and what life cycle it will have are decided upon by the manufacturer. The main focus of pre-development is to gather facts and to evaluate the potential success of the product before financially committing to the manufacturing process. (Adams & Hublikar, 2010). Literature that arises during this time includes planning material like blueprints as well as other transcribed forms of prototyping. As the product is in a developmental phase at this point in time, the material will tend to be prospective and plan for the challenges of future selling. Depending on the company, records of the literature may be made public or kept private to avoid their product being plagiarised.

During and after the designing process of a product, various types of literature are used to refine the process of manufacturing, test the resulting product and to justify the market that the product will be entering into. (Brown & Eisenhardt, 1995). They also inform workers involved in the manufacturing process with technical knowledge as to how the product must be constructed. (Leonard-Barton, 1992). These types of literature may include mediums such as datasheets, correspondence within the supply chain and demographic research. Eventually these practices lead to marketing material and promotional literature that has been informed by the research undertaken during the development of the product.

There is no guarantee that product development literature will be able to account for all factors affecting the marketplace and consumer habits. A product can be well supported by research and be presented in the right way given its target audience, however if it is not 'competitively right' than it may fail from a selling standpoint. (Nash, 1937).

Operating manuals

Operating manuals are a type of instructional literature designed to assist a consumer in using a product. The goal of operating manuals is to offer the consumer a series of replicable events that they should be able to follow to utilise the product in its intended form. (Popham, 1967). They will typically contain a written and illustrated guide that outlines the product specifications, make and model number, methods of operation and general safety warnings. (Asset Insights, 2013).

The safety messages and warnings that operating manuals provide are intended to encourage cautious and informed behaviour for the consumer using the product. (Showers, Celuch & Lust, 1993). Operating manuals may also contain information regarding the product's warranty and the terms and conditions that the consumer agrees to upon purchasing the product.

Two examples of operating manuals are an owner's manual and a user guide. Both serve a similar function, though an owner's manual is usually a more comprehensive account and is thus reserved for more technologically complex products. Both may also be seen elsewhere referred to under the umbrella terms 'instruction sheet' or 'technical literature'. (Flukecal, 2021). (Barbour, 2018).

Purchase terms and conditions
Purchase terms and conditions are a form of contractual term entered into with the manufacturer of a product following the buyers’ purchasing of it. Not all products come with these purchasing requirements and the specific terms and conditions may vary depending on who the manufacturer is, what the product is and how much it costs. Generally, more expensive products that are complex in construction will come with a greater volume of terms and conditions. A consumer may also be reassured by the presence of terms and conditions as they can signal that the product is more valid and trustworthy. (Hoch & Ha, 1986).

Terms and conditions of usage tend to be issued in one instance upon the purchase of a product. For a product requiring purchasing in multiple instalments such as an online streaming service, the purchasing terms and conditions are designed to endure over each subsequent renewal of the service that the consumer makes. If the service is not renewed, the terms and conditions are no longer applicable. In the case of a service like this, the subscription itself is the product to which the terms and conditions apply. The content that the subscription provides access to is a separate product within the confines of the service, and as such will likely have its own terms of use. (Dixon, 2013).

Online terms and conditions have also been seen in greater frequency with the recent rise in popularity of the internet. Websites can prompt the user with a message asking them to accept terms of service, following which they are expected to accept to continue using the site. There is contention as to whether the terms of website usage are easily enforceable, though the provider of the site still retains the right to take their own action or withhold the service from the consumer. (Qudah, 2003).

Depending on the country in which the product was purchased, different consumer protection policies will protect the buyer against fraudulent or faulty goods. These can be independently enforced by an organisation, regulated by the government of the country, or by a combination of both. These can supersede the purchasing conditions that the manufacturer sets, provided that it was not the consumer that violated the requirements of the marketplace.

Miscellaneous
Other forms of product literature not extensively discussed may include, but are not limited to:

 * Personalised epistolary inclusions such as a Thank you note or other general descriptions of the product. Can be handwritten or typed depending on the business
 * Receipts or other proof of purchase documents
 * Product reviews, either from third party sources, second party sources or as manufacturer sponsored content
 * Product warranty's or other forms of consumer guarantees
 * Price tags or other forms of stickers and labels that indicate cost
 * Promotional codes, coupons or discounts that allow for making subsequent purchases from the same retailer
 * Websites and online descriptions
 * Online discussion forums

title: Product literature


text:
Musée des Blindés

The Musée des Blindés ("Museum of Armoured Vehicles") or Musée Général Estienne is a tank museum located in the Loire Valley of France, in the town of Saumur. It is now one of the world's largest tank museums. It began in 1977 under the leadership of Colonel Michel Aubry, who convinced both the French military hierarchy and the local political authorities. Started years ago with only a few hundred tracked vehicles, it has become a world-class collection which attracts  visitors interested in the history of multinational tank development as well as professional armor specialists. From the very beginning, Colonel Aubry had made it a key policy of the museum to restore to running condition as many historically or technically significant vehicles as was feasible.

The museum has the world's largest collection of armoured fighting vehicles and contains well over 880 vehicles, although The Tank Museum in Bovington in Dorset has a larger number of tanks. Because of shortage of space, less than a quarter can be exhibited, despite the move to a much larger building in 1993. Over 200 of the vehicles are fully functional, including the only surviving German Tiger II tank still in full working order. It often performs in the spectacular armour demonstration for the public, called the Carrousel, which takes place in the summer every year. Saumur was the traditional training centre for cavalry for over a century but now holds the current Armoured Cavalry Branch Training School which is entirely dedicated to training armour specialists. The tank museum had its early origins in a study collection. It is still a State institution funded by the Army, but it is managed by the Association des Amis du Musée des Blindés which publishes a substantial yearly magazine and encourages membership from the public. There is also a separate traditional horse cavalry museum in the town of Saumur.

Exhibited vehicles

Armoured vehicles are presented in 11 themed rooms. This section gives the highlights.
 * First World War
 * Four French vehicles are presented, some still in running condition: Schneider CA1, Saint-Chamond, Renault FT and a Renault truck.

 * French Campaign 1940
 * All the main armoured vehicles in service in the French army are presented: Hotchkiss H39, Renault Char B1 bis, Somua S35, AMR 33 and Renault R35 amongst others.

 * Allied World War II
 * US (M3 Lee, M4 Sherman, GMC DUKW "Duck"), British (Matilda, Crusader, Churchill tank Mk V) as well as Soviet vehicles (T-34, SU-100) are exhibited.

 * Germany World War II
 * 28 well preserved German armored fighting vehicles are shown, including several Marder I, Marder III, Panzer II, Panzer III, Panzer IV, Tiger I, Tiger II (functioning), Jagdpanther and Panther.

 * Curiosity Room
 * This rooms includes some very odd vehicles, such as a Vespa 150 TAP carrying a 75 mm recoilless rifle, and some vehicles rebuilt for historical movies.

 * Warsaw Pact
 * A BMP-1, T-54, T-62, BTR-70, BRDM-2 and T-72 are the highlights of this section. Some of these are Iraqi tanks that were captured intact during the first Gulf War.

 * NATO
 * British (Centurion, Chieftain, Conqueror), US (M26 Pershing, M47 Patton, M48 Patton, M60 Patton) and German tanks (Leopard 1, Leopard 2) are featured.

 * Post World War II France
 * There are some rare items in this section, including the AMX ELC bis, ARL 44, AMX 50, AMX 40, an AMX 30 with a nuclear tipped Pluton missile, as well as more common models such as the AMX 13, AMX 10 P, AMX 10 RC, AMX 30 and the Leclerc.

All experimental French military vehicles where development has been abandoned are kept here. The vast storage rooms are only accessible to special guests. There is an enormous library, archiving the records of the history of French armour. The museum was renamed after General Jean Baptiste Eugène Estienne, the creator of the French tank arm.

title: Musée des Blindés


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Yttrium(III) oxide

Yttrium oxide, also known as yttria, is Y2O3. It is an air-stable, white solid substance.

The thermal conductivity of yttrium oxide is 27 W/(m·K).

Phosphors
Yttrium oxide is widely used to make Eu:YVO4 and Eu:Y2O3 phosphors that give the red color in color TV picture tubes.

Yttria lasers
Y2O3 is a prospective solid-state laser material. In particular, lasers with ytterbium as dopant allow the efficient operation both in continuous operation and in pulsed regimes. At high concentration of excitations (of order of 1%) and poor cooling, the quenching of emission at laser frequency and avalanche broadband emission takes place. (Yttria-based lasers are not to be confused with YAG lasers using yttrium aluminium garnet, a widely used crystal host for rare earth laser dopants).

Gas lighting
The original use of the mineral yttria and the purpose of its extraction from mineral sources was as part of the process of making gas mantles and other products for turning the flames of artificially-produced gases (initially hydrogen, later coal gas, paraffin, or other products) into human-visible light. This use is almost obsolete - thorium and cerium oxides are larger components of such products these days.

Dental ceramics
Yttrium oxide is used to stabilize the Zirconia in late-generation porcelain-free metal-free dental ceramics. This is a very hard ceramic used as a strong base material in some full ceramic restorations. The zirconia used in dentistry is zirconium oxide which has been stabilized with the addition of yttrium oxide. The full name of zirconia used in dentistry is "yttria-stabilized zirconia" or YSZ.

Microwave filters
Yttrium oxide is also used to make yttrium iron garnets, which are very effective microwave filters.

Superconductors
Y2O3 is used to make the high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7, known as "1-2-3" to indicate the ratio of the metal constituents:

 * 2 Y2O3 + 8 BaO + 12 CuO + O2 → 4 YBa2Cu3O7

This synthesis is typically conducted at 800 °C.

Inorganic synthesis
Yttrium oxide is an important starting point for inorganic compounds. For organometallic chemistry it is converted to YCl3 in a reaction with concentrated hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride.

High-temperature coatings
Y2O3 is used in specialty coatings and pastes that can withstand high temperatures and act as a barrier for reactive metals such as uranium.

Heat radiators
NASA developed a material it dubbed Solar White that it is exploring for use as a radiator in deep space, where it is expected to reflect more than 99.9% of the sun’s energy (low solar radiation absorption and high infrared emittance). A sphere covered with a 10 mm coating sited far from the Earth and 1 astronomical unit from the sun could keep temperatures below 50 K. One use is long-term cryogenic storage.

Natural occurrence
Yttriaite-(Y), approved as a new mineral species in 2010, is the natural form of yttria. It is exceedingly rare, occurring as inclusions in native tungsten particles in a placer deposit of the Bol’shaja Pol’ja (Большая Полья) river, Prepolar Ural, Siberia. As a chemical component of other minerals, the oxide yttria was first isolated in 1789 by Johan Gadolin, from rare-earth minerals in a mine at the Swedish town of Ytterby, near Stockholm.

title: Yttrium(III) oxide