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Arul Pragasam

Arulappu Richard Arulpragasam (13 April 1948 – 3 December 2019); also known by the names Arular and A. R. Arulpragasam) was a Tamil activist and former revolutionary from Jaffna who had a part in forming the group Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students (EROS) in January 1975 in Wandsworth, England during the Tamil independence movements to secure an independent Tamil Eelam.  He later left the conflict, after work as an independent peace negotiator between the two sides of the civil war. At the time of his death, he headed the Global Sustainability Initiative in the United Kingdom. He was also the father of the musician M.I.A. and the jewellery designer Kali Arulpragasam.

Education
Arulpragasam graduated from the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia in Moscow with a degree in Engineering.

Political career
Having created EROS in 1975 in Wandsworth, England the group staged demonstrations at the inaugural Cricket World Cup that year, prompting clashes between Tamil and Sinhalese cricket supporters, and bringing the conflict in Sri Lanka to international attention for the first time. In March 1976, he moved to Vavuniya and was one of three EROS members selected to train for six months in Lebanon with Palestinian militants associated with the Fatah wing of the PLO. He left after three months of training, returning to Jaffna, Northern Sri Lanka with his family. Arulpragasam moved back to Vavuniya in late 1976 and from 1978 – 1986, he lived and worked in Tamil Nadu where India, through its intelligence agency supported and trained EROS, one of six Tamil revolutionary groups against the Sri Lankan state. He made sporadic visits to Jaffna where his family lived, introducing himself to his children as their uncle. Although never himself a member of the LTTE, Arulpragasam was an old friend of the group's military leader Vellupillai Prabhakaran during the early years of the Tamil rebellion. His wife and three children left Jaffna in the late 80s and were granted political asylum in the United Kingdom, while he remained behind. Arul Pragasam left his group EROS and the conflict in 1987, becoming an independent peace mediator between the two sides of the civil war, and he was instrumental in bringing in more direct Indian intervention to the conflict in 1987, ultimately ending in failure.

M.I.A. has stated in interviews her father shared revolutionary ideals, and that he was a politician, although she had no contact with him since the early 1990s. Rarely speaking about her father publicly, in an interview with The Guardian in 2005, M.I.A. stated "He never had a practical, physical influence" in her family's life. On his involvement in the war and some writers referring to him as a former Tiger rebel, she has said "People write it because it's easy. The Tigers were big in numbers but my dad was too selective. The Tigers had machetes and said, 'They killed my mum so I'm going to fucking fight them.' And my dad was like, 'No no no no, read this amazing book about revolution. Let's sit down and draw up a manifesto."

Later years
In 1997, he set up an Institute of Sustainability Development at Trincomalee on the Eastern Province's coast. The same year, he wrote a seminal book on Tamil history, and was based in the island's north east and Tamil Nadu until the mid-2000s. He contacted his daughter following the release of her debut album, named Arular after him, in 2005, telling her to change its name, however she refused. His house was flooded after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. Arulpragasam moved to Britain and, at the time of his death, headed the Britain-based Global Sustainability Initiative, which has overseen inventions such as a redesigned bullock cart, a motorised wheelbarrow and a car that consumes less petrol. Arulpragasam explained "GSI's mission is to develop a program with a global perspective." Pragasam died on 3 December 2019, aged 71.

Personal life
Arul Pragasam was the father of jewellery designer Kali Arulpragasam, musician/filmmaker/visual artist Mathangi "Maya" Arulpragasam (better known by her stage name, M.I.A.), and Sugu Arulpragasam. His family moved back to Sri Lanka when Maya was six months old. M.I.A. named her 2005 debut album Arular after her father, partly for him to get in contact with her. "Arular" was his nom de guerre during the civil war. M.I.A. said of her upbringing: "I only had my mum. I never grew up with my dad so I don’t know what he’s like. I think I’m a mixture of both. My mum’s really passive, quiet and she’s not feisty. She cared about bringing in food and getting us to school and stuff but that’s as far as it went. Growing up without a dad, I was going to school and turning up at parents' meetings on my own. At the time everyone was like, "Oh if you had a dad he’d pay for your school and you’d have a better future". At the time, my mom was bringing us up and she was like, "The only thing your father gave you was a name". So that's why I used [his name "Arular"] on my album to turn it into a statement that my mom always made. If the only thing he's going to give me is a name, then that's what I'm going to use." In 2005, M.I.A. told EGO Magazine that despite her father's involvement in the conflict, she felt no affiliation to either armed party in the war, noting her work to be the voice of "civilians and refugees that get caught up in the cross fire of politics" and shocking enough to invoke discussion in young people that felt they had no right to talk. Following the end of the armed conflict in 2009, M.I.A. condemned the Government of Sri Lanka for engaging in systematic genocide against Tamils. In a 2010 feature for The Fader, she stated of the US and Sri Lankan government's behaviour towards her following her rise in prominence: "He negotiated peace processes, brought in the new army, and when he goes to Sri Lanka, it’s the government who gives him security against the Tigers", she explains. "They used it the other way and told the world my dad’s a Tiger which got me to this point. It’s like, 'Wow I didn’t know this guy, and this guy has been working for you for 20 fucking years, and when you feel like it you want to use my own dad against me to discredit what I do.'"

title: Arul Pragasam


text:
Francesca Hilton

Constance Francesca Gabor Hilton  (March 10, 1947 – January 5, 2015), known as Francesca Hilton, was an American actress and comedian. She was the only child of Hilton Hotels founder Conrad Hilton and his second wife, actress and socialite Zsa Zsa Gabor.

Early life and family
Hilton was born in 1947 in New York City, after her parents were granted a divorce in September 1946. Her father, Conrad Hilton, was the founder of the Hilton Hotels chain. Her mother Zsa Zsa Gabor and her aunts (Eva and Magda) were Hungarian-born actresses and socialites. Gabor's 1991 autobiography One Lifetime Is Not Enough alleged that her pregnancy was a result of rape by then-husband Conrad Hilton.

She was the only child of Zsa Zsa Gabor and therefore the only descendant of the Gabor sisters as well as the only daughter of Conrad Hilton. Her three half-brothers were Conrad Hilton Jr., Barron Hilton, and Eric Hilton. She attended movie premieres with her mother and competed in equestrian competitions as a child. In 1947, while Hilton was an infant, a burglar entered their home and tied up Zsa Zsa Gabor and their housekeeper, and threatened to kill Francesca. The burglar stole jewelry worth over $750,000.

Francesca worked in reservations at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills, California during summers as a teenager. At the time of her death, she was engaged to Michael Natsis. According to her publicist, Edward Lozzi, she had been writing an autobiography. She also worked for the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation.

When Conrad Hilton died in 1979, he left most of his wealth to the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation. Francesca Hilton contested the will, which left her only $100,000, but lost the suit. In 2005, her stepfather, Frédéric Prinz von Anhalt, filed lawsuits against her accusing her of fraud in obtaining a loan using her mother's house as collateral, and manipulation over her mother's will; the court threw out the case for lack of evidence after Gabor did not appear or sign a statement. Hilton denied the allegations. In 2012 she successfully sued for an independent conservatorship to be set up for the care of her mother, who had become incapacitated, but the judge appointed Von Anhalt as temporary conservator.

Hilton lived in Los Angeles for most of her life. A month before her death in 2015, she was impoverished and living in weekly rental apartments and in her car.

Performing career
She appeared in A Safe Place in 1971 and The Gravy Train in 1974. She worked as a photographer in the 1980s. By 2008, she started performing at The Comedy Store in West Hollywood. Her show centered on her family. She joked that her great-nieces, Paris Hilton and Nicky Hilton, were "pole dancers and porn stars".

Death
Hilton died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on January 5, 2015, after suffering a major stroke. She was 67 years old. Her mother was then 97 and suffering from dementia; her stepfather sought unsuccessfully to take possession of Hilton's body. After it remained in the morgue for several days, an autopsy was performed and her half-brother Barron Hilton took possession of her body.

Hilton's funeral was held at St Ambrose Catholic Church, West Hollywood. She was cremated and her ashes interred at the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery, close to her aunt, Eva Gabor.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Francesca Hilton


text:
Chris Wragge

Christian P. Wragge (born June 19, 1970) is an American news anchor. He is the co-anchor for New York's CBS2's News This Morning and CBS2's News at Noon, alongside Mary Calvi. He was previously on WCBS's 5 p.m. and 11 p.m. broadcasts, until he moved to CBS's The Early Show (nationwide), where he served as morning co-anchor from January 2011 until January 6, 2012, when the broadcast was replaced.

Career
Born in Hackensack, New Jersey and raised in Rutherford, Wragge moved to Mahwah as a pre-teen. He attended Mahwah High School, where he was an athlete. He received a football scholarship to the University of New Hampshire. He earned three varsity letters and graduated a year early with a Bachelor of Arts degree in communications to pursue a career in professional sportscasting.

Wragge became sports reporter for WMUR-TV in Manchester, New Hampshire, where his first television appearance was as a reporter as part of a 48 Hours exposé on NBA Spring Break 1991. He then became anchor for the nightly sportscasts on WVIT-TV, an NBC affiliate in Hartford, Connecticut. Wragge was also a reporter for NBC Sports, including the NBA, the WNBA, Notre Dame football, the Gator Bowl, the Sun America Sportsdesk, and the Olympics. From 1996 to 1997, he was a correspondent with the nationally syndicated entertainment news show Entertainment Tonight. His first interview was with actor Kurt Russell. He went on to cover the Oscars, the Emmys, and the Grammys.

In 1998, Wragge joined NBC Sports and became Sports Director and anchor of the nightly sportscasts on News2Houston on KPRC-TV in Houston, Texas, and was the recipient of the 2002 Associated Press "Best Sportscast" award for the Houston area.

In December 2000, while still with NBC Sports and KPRC, Wragge joined USA Sports as the on-site correspondent for PGA Tour Sunday, the PGA Tour's leading broadcast partner. He also became presenter of the Ask DIY, HGTV and the Travel Channel.

In 2003 and 2004, Wragge was a behind-the-chutes reporter for the PBR's Built Ford Tough Series during their NBC telecasts, and during a couple of events served as the play-by-play announcer in George Michael's absence. In 2004, after long-time sportscaster Warner Wolf was abruptly fired, Wragge joined WCBS-TV as lead sports anchor. On November 6, 2006, Wragge become news anchor for CBS2 News at Noon and CBS News at 5 PM with newly hired Kristine Johnson. The pair replaced Mary Calvi and news veteran Roz Abrams.

On January 3, 2011, Wragge became the lead weekday anchor (with Erica Hill) for CBS News's The Early Show after serving as in the same role on the Saturday version for the past few years (while also working his primary job at WCBS). In September 2011, when Wragge was told of impending changes to the CBS morning program, he returned to WCBS, replacing Don Dahler as co-anchor for New York's WCBS-TV 6 p.m. weeknight telecast, alongside Dana Tyler. In July 2012, he and Tyler also became co-anchors of WLNY-TV 10/55's News at 9 p.m.

In February 2013, Wragge was moved to anchor CBS 2 News This Morning and CBS 2 News at Noon with alongside Mary Calvi replacing Rob Morrison due to Morrison's departure following a domestic violence incident. As a result, Dana Tyler works solo on CBS 2 News at 6PM.

Wragge has been a resident of Wyckoff, New Jersey, having moved there from Manhattan.

title: Chris Wragge


text:
Boeing 367-80

The Boeing 367-80 is a retired American four-engined jet prototype aircraft built by Boeing to demonstrate the advantages of jet propulsion for commercial aviation. It served as basis for the design of the KC-135 tanker and the 707 airliner.

The Boeing 367-80 first flew in 1954, less than two years from project launch. Its US$16 million cost (equivalent to $ million today) was an enormous risk for Boeing, which at the time had no committed customers. Only one example was built, which has been retired and now preserved and is currently on public display at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum's Udvar-Hazy Center in Virginia.

Design and development
By the late 1940s, two developments encouraged Boeing to begin considering building a passenger jet. The first was the maiden flight in 1947 of Boeing’s B-47 Stratojet bomber. The second was the maiden flight in 1949 of the world's first jet airliner, the de Havilland Comet. Boeing President Bill Allen led a company delegation to the UK in summer 1950, where they saw the Comet fly at the Farnborough Airshow, and also visited the de Havilland factory at Hatfield, Hertfordshire, where the Comets were being built. Boeing felt it had mastered the swept wing and podded engines which it saw as key technologies that would enable it to improve on the Comet.

In 1950, Boeing tentatively produced a specification for a jet airliner dubbed the Model 473-60C. The airlines were unconvinced because they had no experience with jet transports and were enjoying success with piston engined aircraft such as the Douglas DC-4, DC-6, Boeing Stratocruiser and Lockheed Constellation.

Boeing was experienced at selling to the military but had not enjoyed the same success with civil airliners. This market was dominated by Douglas which was adept at meeting the needs of airlines by refining and developing its range of propeller-driven aircraft, and in 1950 was marketing the forthcoming DC-7. Boeing decided the only way to overcome the airlines' suspicion of the jet – and of itself – was to show them a completed aircraft.

As the first of a new generation of passenger jets, Boeing wanted the aircraft's model number to emphasize the difference from its previous propeller-driven aircraft which bore 300-series numbers. The 400–, 500- and 600-series were already used by missiles and other products, so Boeing decided that the jets would bear 700-series numbers, and the first would be the 707. The marketing department at Boeing chose 707 because they thought it was more appealing than 700.

Boeing had studied developments of its existing Model 367 (the KC-97 Stratofreighter) incorporating swept wings and podded engines; and chose to build the 367-80, which retained little of the KC-97 except the upper fuselage diameter (and the possibility of building some of the fuselage with existing tooling). Although the design was announced publicly as the Model 707, the prototype was referred to within Boeing simply as the Dash 80 or "-80".

The Dash 80 fuselage was wide enough at 132 in for five-abreast seating; two on one side of the aisle and three on the other. The fuselage diameter for the production KC-135 was widened to 144 in and Boeing originally hoped to build the 707 fuselage with that width. By the time the Boeing company committed to production, the decision had been made to design the production model 707 as a six-abreast design, with a larger 148 in fuselage, after C. R. Smith, CEO of American Airlines, told Boeing he wouldn't buy the 707 unless it was an inch wider than the then-proposed Douglas DC-8 passenger jet. This decision did not unduly delay the introduction of the production model since the -80 had been largely hand-built, using little production tooling.

Tex Johnston noted, "Months before the Comet's tragic vulnerability became known, Boeing engineers specified aluminum skin of a significantly thicker gauge. In addition, they welded titanium 'tear stoppers' at frequent intervals inside the skin, including plug-type doors that sealed tighter as the cabin pressure differential increased at higher altitudes, switched to triple-strength round-corner windows, and used spot welds (instead of rivets) and a twenty-inch circumferential rib spacing. Boeing subjected a Dash 80 (707) fuselage of that design to thousands of pressurization cycles, proving the validity of the structure."

Operational history
By early 1952, the designs were complete and, in April, the Boeing board approved the program. Construction of the Dash 80 started in November in a walled-off section of Boeing's Renton plant. As a proof of concept prototype there was no certification and no production line and most of the parts were custom built. The aircraft was not fitted with an airline cabin; a plywood lining housed the instrumentation for the flight test program.

The Dash 80 rolled out of the factory on May 15, 1954, two years after the project was approved and 18 months after construction had started. During a series of taxi trials the port landing gear collapsed on May 22; the damage was quickly repaired and the first flight occurred on July 15, 1954.

Following flights revealed a propensity to "Dutch roll" – an alternating yawing and rolling motion. Boeing already had experience with this on the B-47 Stratojet and B-52 Stratofortress and had developed a yaw damper system on the B-47 that could be adapted to the Dash 80. Other problems were found with the engines and brakes, the latter once failing completely on landing causing the aircraft to overshoot the runway.

Boeing used the Dash 80 on demonstration flights for airline executives and other industry figures. These focused attention on the question of what the cabin of a passenger jet should look like. In a departure from its usual practice, Boeing hired industrial design firm Walter Dorwin Teague to create a cabin.

Prior to demonstration for passenger airlines, the Dash 80 was fitted with Boeing's Flying Boom for aerial refueling which served as a prototype for the KC-135 Stratotanker and its later derivatives.

The barrel roll
As part of the Dash 80's demonstration program, Bill Allen invited representatives of the Aircraft Industries Association (AIA) and International Air Transport Association (IATA) to the Seattle's 1955 Seafair and Gold Cup Hydroplane Races held on Lake Washington on August 6, 1955. The Dash 80 was scheduled to perform a simple flyover, but Boeing test pilot Alvin "Tex" Johnston instead performed two barrel rolls to show off the jet airliner.

The next day, Allen summoned Johnston to his office and told him not to perform such a maneuver again, to which Johnston replied that he was simply "selling airplanes" and asserted that doing so was completely safe.

Boeing Chief Test Pilot John Cashman stated that just before he piloted the maiden flight of the Boeing 777 on June 12, 1994, his last instructions from then-Boeing President Phil Condit were "No rolls."

Use as an experimental aircraft
After the arrival of the first production 707 in 1957, the Dash 80 was adapted into a general experimental aircraft and used by Boeing to test a variety of new technologies and systems. One of its most important tasks during the late 1950s was to test systems for the new Boeing 727, including the fitting of a fifth engine in the rear fuselage. Other tests included experiments with different airfoil shapes and a number of high lift devices such as blown flaps, in which compressed air bled from the engines is directed over the flaps to increase lift during takeoff and landing.

Final flight
After 2,350 hours and 1,691 flights, the aircraft was withdrawn from use in 1969 and placed in storage. On May 26, 1972 Boeing donated the 367-80 to the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum, which had designated it one of the 12 most significant aircraft of all time. For the next 18 years, the aircraft was stored at a "desert boneyard" now called the 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group (AMARG) at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base near Tucson, Arizona, before being retrieved by Boeing in 1990 for restoration. The Dash 80's final flight was to Dulles International Airport near Washington, D.C., on August 27, 2003. Repainted to its original yellow and brown Boeing livery, it was put on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, an annex of the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum, located adjacent to Dulles Airport in Chantilly, Virginia.

title: Boeing 367-80


text: Talk:Giovanni Giolitti

title: Talk:Giovanni Giolitti


text:
Doonside railway station

Doonside railway station is located on the Main Western line, serving the Sydney suburb of Doonside. It is served by Sydney Trains T1 Western line services.

History
Doonside station opened on 27 September 1880.

It was renamed Wolkara on 1 February 1921, before resuming its original name 12 days later. The station was rebuilt in the 1950s when the Main Western line was electrified.

On the 2nd of December 2023, an upgrade to the station was complete which included the addition of lifts, upgraded canopies and the relocation of the stairs on Platforms 3 and 4 to the eastern end of the platforms, in order to match Platforms 1 and 2.

Transport links
Busways operates two bus routes via Doonside station, under contract to Transport for NSW:
 * 726: to Blacktown station
 * 753: to Blacktown station via Quakers Hill

Doonside station is served by one NightRide route:
 * N70: Penrith station to Town Hall station.

title: Doonside railway station


text:
Rooty Hill railway station

Rooty Hill railway station is located on the Main Western line, serving the Sydney suburb of Rooty Hill. It is served by Sydney Trains T1 Western line services.

History
Rooty Hill station opened on 23 December 1861 as the terminus of the Main Western line when it was extended from Blacktown. On 1 May 1862, the line was extended to St Marys. The station was rebuilt in the 1940s.

The station was upgraded in January 2020 and received a new footbridge and lifts.

Transport links
Busways operates three bus routes via Rooty Hill station, under contract to Transport for NSW:
 * 738: to Eastern Creek
 * 756: Mount Druitt station to Blacktown station

title: Rooty Hill railway station


text:
File:Vindicator.jpg

Summary
Vindicator, in a sub-one panel extract from Alpha Flight v3 #6. Art by Clayton Henry.

Licensing
Vindicator, Alpha Flight and all related characters ™ © Marvel Comics. Scanned by me.

title: File:Vindicator.jpg


text:
Pontchartrain Beach

Pontchartrain Beach was an amusement park located in New Orleans, Louisiana, on the south shore of Lake Pontchartrain. It was founded by Harry J. Batt Sr. (grandfather of American actor Bryan Batt) and later managed and owned by his sons, Harry J. Batt Jr. and John A. Batt. It opened on Saturday, June 30, 1928, across Bayou St. John from an existing amusement resort at Old Spanish Fort. Pontchartrain Beach's original location is the present-day lakefront neighborhood of Lake Terrace.

In the early 1930s, subsequent to the construction of a seawall extending from West End to the Industrial Canal which created a new shoreline for Lake Pontchartrain, Pontchartrain Beach was moved to a new location at the lake end of Elysian Fields Avenue, a location formerly offshore of Milneburg.

Pontchartrain Beach included a beach with a large art deco style bathhouse and swimming pools, amusement rides (including a wooden roller coaster called the Zephyr), and concession stands. The park featured live music concerts, including many local musicians and touring national acts such as Elvis Presley.

Other rides and amusements included the Zephyr Junior, Smoky Mary, the Wild Maus, Musik Express, Log Ride, the Ragin' Cajun (a modern, looping steel coaster), the Bug, Paratrooper, Scrambler, Calypso, the "airplanes", Haunted House, Ghost Train, bumper cars, carousel, Ferris wheel, the Monster, Trabant, Sky Ride, Hard Rock, Galaxy, Laff in the Dark, Magic Rainbow, Red Baron, and Kiddieland. As with other amusement or theme parks, over time certain older rides were changed out for new ones.

In addition to rides, there were also the summertime shows which changed every few years (Skipper & Dolly dolphin show, Great American High Dive Show, Merlin's Magic Rainbow Show). For a few years there was also a fairly large petting zoo with many farm animals and a huge red barn house. A miniature golf course was added, when this pastime became popular. Just outside the entrance gates was the Bali Hai Tiki-style restaurant. Another popular restaurant was the Ship Ahoy, which featured hamburgers and seafood.

Pontchartrain Beach was sold on September 23, 1983. The main reason it closed down was due to declining attendance.

In 1943, Corporal Douglas O'Brien, a World War II serviceman from Springfield, Massachusetts, fell 75 ft to his death from the top of the Zephyr roller coaster. He was 32 years old.

Pontchartrain Beach today
Several of the rides – including the Airplanes and many Kiddieland rides – ended up in Gulf Shores, Alabama, at a small amusement park, which was subsequently wiped out by Hurricane Ivan in 2004. The Ragin' Cajun moved to Six Flags Great Escape in 1984 and opened as Steamin' Demon. One of the four antique carousels is located on the boardwalk in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Also, the crest of the Zephyr currently resides at Kenner Memorial Park, among with remnants of Bali Hai restaurant.

The hand-painted carousel horses were donated by Harry J. Batt Jr. and John A. Batt to New Orleans' City Park. The Park did not acknowledge the gifts or recognize the Batts for their donation.

The land formerly housing the park is now occupied by the University of New Orleans Research & Technology Park, home to numerous corporate tenants, the Navy's Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWAR) and the UNO Advanced Technology Center office building.

A mile-long sand beach is still at the same area where Pontchartrain Beach once was. It is inaccessible and off limits to the general public, having been deemed hazardous due to underwater drop offs and riprap which pose dangers for swimmers.

Water quality had increased dramatically in recent decades and the sand beach was reopened at one point, until a pair of drownings occurred and the beach was re-closed. The Lake Pontchartrain Basin Foundation has undertaken the task of restoring Pontchartrain Beach for use as a public recreation area. While no opening date has been given officially, a phased approach was expected to begin in the summer of 2016.

title: Pontchartrain Beach


text:
Express mail

Express mail is an expedited mail delivery service for which the customer pays a premium for faster delivery. Express mail is a service for domestic and international mail, and is in most nations governed by the country's own postal administration. Since 1999, the international express delivery services are governed by the EMS Cooperative.

Express Mail Service and the EMS Cooperative
Express Mail Service (EMS) is an international express postal service offered by postal-administration members of the Universal Postal Union (UPU). These administrators created the EMS Cooperative in 1998, within the framework of the UPU, to promote the harmonization and development of postal services worldwide. , EMS was offered by more than 190 countries and territories worldwide.

An independent auditor measures the express delivery performance of all international EMS operators, and EMS Performance Awards are based on postal operators' performance, including service performance and tracking: gold, silver, or bronze certificate are awarded to EMS Cooperative members depending on their yearly performance. These EMS award winners are recorded in the EMS Cooperative's Hall of Fame.

EMS Cooperative members

Since its creation, 182 postal administrations have joined the EMS Cooperative, representing over 85% of EMS operators worldwide.

Other providers
Many transportation logistics firms offer similar accelerated services. DHL Express ("DHL"), Federal Express ("FedEx"), and United Parcel Service ("UPS") are the most popular alternatives. However, in many countries such alternative carriers' shipments have different status for several legal purposes. For example, in Russia, shipments from abroad to individuals for private needs are exempt from customs duties if valued less than €1000 and sent via post or EMS, while when sent by other means the exemption applies to values below €250 only. In some countries legal notification sent by post and EMS are deemed made on the date of dispatch, while for other couriers on the date of delivery only.

title: Express mail


text:
Vindicator (comics)

Vindicator (Heather MacNeil Hudson) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Following the apparent death of her husband James, Heather inherits his leadership of Alpha Flight and battle suit, taking on the codename Vindicator, a previous codename James used. Following James' return, she took her husband's mantle of Guardian while he used Vindicator for a time before the two switched back to their original codenames. After a long hiatus from Alpha Flight, Heather rejoins the team as the fourth Nemesis.

Publication history
Heather Hudson first appeared in The Uncanny X-Men #139 (November 1980) and was created by Chris Claremont and John Byrne.

Fictional character biography
Heather was born in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. She was originally a secretary at Amcam corporation, where she fell in love with James MacDonald Hudson. After he had stolen his power suit to prevent it from being used as a military weapon, Heather discovered his secret and decided to share it with him. Soon after they were married.

Heather supported her husband in the forming of Department H and his becoming a superhero. She also assisted Wolverine in a time of trouble before his career with the X-Men, and was later reunited with him.

After Department H is dissolved, Heather brought the members of the disbanded Alpha Flight together to battle Tundra of the Great Beasts. With this initiative creating a spectacular success, the team decided to continue operating Alpha Flight as an independent group. Before Alpha Flight had been back together for long, Heather witnessed the apparent death of James Hudson. She was then injured attempting to rescue a child from an alien Plodex.

Heather is asked by the members of Alpha Flight to take over leadership of the team when her husband James, the leader of Alpha Flight, is apparently killed. She accepts, though initially she leads purely as a non-combatant. She led Alpha Flight on a mission with the X-Men, and was temporarily transformed by the mystic Fire Fountain. This transforms her into a state Loki refers to as a 'demi-god'. She has increased leadership abilities along with vague powers that put her above all other humans. She rejects these powers when all involved learn it would come at the cost of humanity's creativity and the lives of anyone magical, such as her two friends Shaman and Snowbird. She was briefly "reunited" with what she thought was James Hudson, but who really turned out to be an impostor – the robot Delphine Courtney. Her body was temporarily distorted by Scramble, and then she was captured by Deadly Ernest.

Eventually, these dangerous encounters led to Heather adopting a copy of her husband's battle-suit. Through extensive training by Wolverine, Heather is able to hold her own in a battle. Heather teamed with Wolverine against Lady Deathstrike, and took the name Vindicator. She became stranded in the Savage Land, and formed the mutated natives into a team called Alpha Prime. Some time later, Heather was forced to defend Alpha Flight in a Parliamentary hearing.

Eventually her husband returns and her suit is altered to manipulate geothermal forces and she takes the name Guardian. Soon after that, she battled the Fantastic Four.

Heather and James have a baby (an as-yet-unnamed girl) and travel with their child and several other members of Alpha Flight to return a clutch of Plodex eggs to their homeworld. In addition, an accident brings temporal copies of most of the original Alpha Flight – from a time before her husband's "death" – to the present. This group includes a copy of Heather. While she is not a member, this "new" group is active as Alpha Flight while the originals are helping to rebuild the Plodex homeworld.

Alpha Flight (the team consisting of Sasquatch, Guardian, Vindicator, Shaman, Major Mapleleaf II, and both Pucks) are brutally attacked by a new villain "the Collective". They are killed and their bodies are left in the Yukon Territory as the Collective continues on to the United States.

During the Chaos War storyline, Vindicator (alongside Guardian, Shaman, and Marrina Smallwood) are among the heroes that return from the dead after what happened to the death realms. Reuniting with Aurora, Northstar, Sasquatch, and Snowbird, Alpha Flight gets back together to fight the Great Beasts.

During the Fear Itself storyline, Vindicator helped Alpha Flight in fighting Attuma in the form of Nerkodd: Breaker of Oceans. When Alpha Flight returns to their headquarters, they are betrayed by Gary Cody and his newly elected Unity Party. Vindicator sides with Cody. It is shown that six weeks earlier, Guardian and Vindicator were unable to regain custody of their child. While bringing Guardian to the Box Units for imprisonment, Vindicator is ambushed by Puck who knocks Vindicator out. After reclaiming her daughter Claire from her cousin, Vindicator assembles Alpha Strike (consisting of Persuasion, Ranark, a Wendigo, and a brainwashed Citadel) to spread the Unity program and take down Alpha Flight. It is later revealed that Vindicator and Department H had actually fallen under the mental control of Master of the World. While at a beach in Ontario with Claire, Vindicator is visited by Wolverine who states that the people in the United States are starting to be concerned about the Unity Party's actions, and when he saw Vindicator call the rest of Alpha Flight traitors Wolverine decided to investigate. Vindicator then accompanies Alpha Strike into attacking Alpha Flight, Taskmaster, and Wolverine. Vindicator fights Guardian, who tries to get through to Vindicator by stating that Master of the World is controlling her. At the end of the Alpha Flight series, Vindicator (still under the influence of the Master) helped Alpha Flight against Alpha Strike and then Master of the World attempts to kill their child Claire. He was killed by Alpha Flight, but Vindicator escapes with Claire. After the Unity Party is abolished, Vindicator leaves Canada with her daughter Claire.

Heather and Claire spend months on the run until Guardian, who never lost track of them, reluctantly follows orders to bring them to Department H on the condition that Heather and Claire would remain unharmed and safe. Through the use of virtual reality and neuro-stimulants, Guardian tricks Heather into believing she is being rescued by mercenaries and taken to a safehouse in British Columbia, when in reality was being taken to a prison and subjected to more mental brainwashing to trust Department H again.

During the "Fall of X" storyline, Heather escapes confinement and after leaving Claire with Marrina and Walt Samson, assumes the identity of Nemesis and rejoins Alpha Flight to help protect mutant refugees from Department H, who has allied with Orchis. While most of her teammates are aware or her secret identity, Heather refuses to reveal herself to James, believing that she would do so when ready. Guardian eventually discovers Heather's identity after she is grievously wounded and falls unconscious following a battle with Department H's Box Sentinels. When Department H attacks Krakoa North to capture the mutant refugees, Heather uses her remaining life-force to teleport her mutant teammates and the refugees to the Alpha Flight Low-Orbit Space Station. Heather ultimately survives but falls into a coma and is taken into Department H's medical care while James and the remaining Flight members are arrested for treason.

Powers and abilities
Formerly, Vindicator wore the Guardian suit that her husband currently wears. Currently Heather's suit, which she first employed in Alpha Flight vol. 2, taps into a different source for its power. Instead of manipulating electromagnetic energies, this suit allows its wearer to control geothermal energy, allowing Heather to melt rock and manipulate the resulting lava, create jets of lava, create both hot and cold jets of water, including jets of steam and cooling sprays of water. The suit can absorb heat into its power cells, provides its wearer with a personal force field, and enables feats of super-strength and super-speed.

Heather is a master combat strategist, and received training in hand-to-hand combat from Puck and Wolverine.

While as Nemesis, Heather wields the mystical sword Scell, granting her ability to teleport herself and others and superhuman durability, protecting her from serious injuries. However, using Scell's abilities without taking a life drains Heather of her life-force. Due to Scell requiring the life-force of its victims to sustain itself, Heather's lack of victims with Scell causes the sword to drain her of her own life-force whenever she uses its teleportation abilities, worsening depending on the distance traveled and the number of people being teleported. As Heather's predecessors were undead and able to bypass Scell's requirement, Heather's continued use would result in her death.

Exiles
A black Canadian version of Heather Hudson, who served as her Alpha Flight's version of Sasquatch, was a member of the Exiles, recruited against her will to replace a brain-damaged Thunderbird by the Timebroker. A brilliant scientist and physician, she became Sasquatch after being accidentally exposed to gamma rays. She was recruited to Alpha Flight as the team's muscle and medic, and shortly afterwards met Wolverine when he was found wandering the wilderness after escaping from the Weapon X facility. Heather successfully restored Wolverine to sanity, and the two fell in love and married. Two years later, Weapon X activated a hidden trigger in Wolverine's mind, forcing Heather to kill him when he went on a rampage. After years of mourning, she remarried Alpha Flight commander James Hudson, who had comforted her in her grief.

Ultimate Marvel
In the series of Ultimate Comics: X, the Ultimate Heather Hudson appears. Heather resides in Florida and as the non-powered wife of James Hudson, who she was introduced to by Wolverine, and is adoptive mother of Wolverine's son James Hudson Jr. who was killed in Ultimatum.

The Vindicator name was used by John Wraith.

Television

 * Heather Hudson appears in the X-Men episode "Repo Man", voiced by Rebecca Jenkins.

Video games

 * Heather Hudson as Vindicator appears in X-Men Legends II, voiced by Marsha Clark.

title: Vindicator (comics)


text:
Mount Druitt railway station

Mount Druitt railway station is located on the Main Western line, serving the Sydney suburb of Mount Druitt. It is served by Sydney Trains T1 Western line services.

History
The original Mount Druitt station opened on 19 August 1881. On 8 December 1974, a new station opened 500 metres to the east built, partly funded by the developer of the Westfield Shopping Centre.

In December 2003, an upgrade to the station including lifts was complete.

On 7 April 2016, a brawl broke out between two large groups of people at Mount Druitt train station. Police say over 100 people were involved, 17 of whom were charged.

Transport links
Stand 1: Busways Stand 2: Busways Stand 3: Busways Stand 4: Busways Stand 5: Busways Stand 6: Busways Stand 7: Busways Stand 8: Busways
 * Mount Druitt Station Bus Interchange
 * 756: to Blacktown via Powers Road and Doonside
 * 755: to Shalvey, extends to Plumpton during off-peak hours and on Saturdays
 * 758: to St Marys via Shalvey and North St Marys
 * 754: to Blacktown via Hassall Grove
 * 750: to Blacktown via Carlisle Avenue and Richmond Road
 * 761: to Bidwill via Carlisle Avenue
 * 723: to Mount Druitt via Eastern Creek
 * 728: to Blacktown via Rooty Hill and Bungarribee
 * 729: to Blacktown via Minchinbury and Eastern Creek
 * 738: to Eastern Creek Industrial Park and Horsley Park
 * 739V: to Mount Druitt Village loop
 * 780: to Penrith via Whalan, Tregear, Ropes Crossing, Werrington County and Cambridge Park
 * 674: to Windsor via Whalan, Tregear, Shanes Park, Berkshire Park and South Windsor
 * 759: to St Marys via Emerton, Lethbridge Park, Tregear, Willmot, Ropes Crossing and North St Marys
 * 770: to Penrith via Colyton, St Marys, Claremont Meadows and Kingswood
 * 771: to St Marys via Colyton.
 * 774: to Penrith via Oxley Park, St Marys, UWS Kingswood and Nepean Hospital
 * 775: to Penrith via St Marys, UWS Kingswood and Nepean Hospital
 * 776: to Penrith via St Clair, UWS Kingswood and Nepean Hospital

Mount Druitt station is served by one NightRide route:
 * N70: Penrith station to Town Hall station

title: Mount Druitt railway station


text:
DePuy Synthes

DePuy Synthes is a franchise of orthopaedic and neurosurgery companies. Acquired by Johnson & Johnson in 1998, its companies form part of the Johnson & Johnson Medical Devices group. DePuy develops and markets products under the Codman, DePuy Mitek, DePuy Orthopaedics and DePuy Spine brands.

DePuy Orthopaedics designs, manufactures, markets and distributes products for reconstructing damaged or diseased joints and for repairing and reconstructing traumatic skeletal injuries. DePuy Spine products facilitate fusion of the spine and correction of spinal deformities, preserving motion of the spine and repairing bone fractures.

DePuy is now operating from several countries, including the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Germany, Ireland and Australia. In many other countries, DePuy operates as a brand under the Johnson & Johnson Medical organization.

DePuy is currently the subject of more than 11,000 lawsuits related to its recall of faulty hip replacement systems, which lawyers and industry analysts estimate will cost parent company Johnson & Johnson billions of dollars to resolve.

History
Founded 1895 in Warsaw, Indiana, by Revra DePuy, DePuy Manufacturing began designing and building fiber splints to replace wooden barrel staves that were used to set fractures.

On April 22, 2008, the DePuy franchise and Johnson & Johnson Medical marked the official opening of Johnson & Johnson Medical (Suzhou), Ltd., establishing production facilities in China for DePuy and the J&J Family of Companies. At 120000 sqft, this facility occupies a fraction of the J&J campus, which encompasses 69 acre in total. Manufacturing at JJM began in February 2008.

On August 24, 2010, DePuy recalled all ASR hip implant systems sold since 2003. The 2010 DePuy Hip Recall was issued after research released by the National Joint Registry (NJR) found high rates of hip replacement failure for the ASR XL Acetabular and ASR Hip Resurfacing systems. Another study noted the high rate of failure in patients who received ASR XL hip arthroplasty. In August 2013, attorneys for thousands of patients who received the implants sent a letter to the Food and Drug Administration accusing the company of breaking federal law by hiding experts’ misgivings about the device, and called on the agency to investigate. “We believe almost all of these injuries would have been avoided had DePuy complied with the reporting requirements and informed your agency about the adverse events and concerns about the safety of the ASR which came to the company’s attention,” the attorneys said. DePuy faces more than 11,000 plaintiffs nationwide over the ASR XL, which generally allege that the product is prone to degrading prematurely and shedding toxic metal debris, causing pain and necessitating revision surgeries that can be more invasive than the initial total hip replacements. In the first trial related to the product, a California jury awarded $8.3 million in compensatory damages to a retired prison guard, finding the implant's design to be faulty and DePuy to have acted negligently. A judge later upheld the jury verdict on post-trial motions. In the second trial, an Illinois jury returned a verdict in favor of DePuy in a lawsuit brought by a nurse who had sought $5 million in damages.

On June 14, 2012, Johnson & Johnson completed the acquisition of Synthes, which was integrated with the DePuy franchise to establish the DePuy Synthes Companies of Johnson & Johnson. Subsequently, the company's logo changed from its previous characteristic red-dot. In 2017, Codman Neurosurgery, part of Depuy Synthes, was acquired by medical device maker Integra LifeSciences for $1.045 billion.

Operating companies

 * Codman & Shurteff, Inc.
 * DePuy Mitek, Inc.
 * DePuy Orthopaedics, Inc.
 * DePuy Spine, Inc

title: DePuy Synthes


text:
Jackie Hayes (second baseman)

Minter Carney "Jackie" Hayes (July 19, 1906 – February 9, 1983) was an American second baseman in Major League Baseball player for the Washington Senators (1927–1931) and Chicago White Sox (1932–1940).

Early life and career
Hayes was born in Clanton, Alabama. The right-handed graduate of the University of Alabama made his debut on August 5, 1927. In his first full season, he batted a solid .276 with 2 home runs and 57 RBIs in 424 at bats. From there, Hayes went on to be a contributing part of the Senators in the late 1920s, and then the White Sox through the '30s. In his career, he was in the top five in sacrifice hits twice.

Baseball career highlights
In a 14-season career, he batted .265 with 20 homers and 493 runs batted in, in 1091 games. He accumulated 34 stolen bases, 494 runs, 196 doubles and a .318 on-base percentage. He had 1069 career hits in 4040 at bats.

He became the first player in Major League Baseball to wear a batting helmet during a game.

Later life
During Spring training 1940, Hayes lost sight in one of his eyes, and legend has it that this was after a piece of cinder hit him in the eye during a game. Hayes was quoted at the time as both thinking a cinder had infiltrated his eye, and that he must have gotten soap in his right eye, but it was actually glaucoma. He later lost sight in both eyes. Hayes died at age 76 in Birmingham, Alabama, and was interred at Clanton's cemetery.

title: Jackie Hayes (second baseman)


text:
User talk:ChrisRing

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 03:57, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Drinking game links
Please stop adding these types of links. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia and not a repository of links. K1Bond007 06:11, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid I do not agree that these links are content-related (a drinking game where you drink when something happens on a TV show is hardly relevant or encyclopedic). Nor do I believe these links are of high content, which is another stipulation for external links. For the record, I'm not obligated to discuss every infraction on Wikipedia that I feel is wrong on the talk page. It's great for some things-alot of things, but for external links where there are policies and guidelines that outline what is good and bad for Wikipedia, I shouldn't have to take up a formal discussion with polls etc just to revert it. If you think you've been wronged here or something by all means request input from another administrator. K1Bond007 01:17, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:ChrisRing


text:
Talk:DePuy Synthes

Untitled
Original content was

 * A french implant company that is well known for making total hip implants. DePuy currently has very close ties with Johnson and Johnson, although I do not know the specific details of the business arrangement. I believe J+J owns most of DePuy.

--1pezguy 03:57, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:DePuy.png
Image:DePuy.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 00:36, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

DePuy pronunciation
The proper pronunciation of "DePuy" is "d-pwee," not "d-pue," as the article suggests. The name hails from Le Puy, in south central France, where Puy de Dome can be found. The original De Puys that came to North America - the New World - in the 1600s, included Moses De Puy and his seven sons. They sailed into what is now known as the Hudson River Valley and settled there. De Puy settlements then expanded across what is now New York state and upper Pennsylvania.

Senator Chauncey Mitchell Depew of New York (from 1899-1911) was a De Puy.

Due to poor communications, translations, and education, which were typical of the day, the name evolved from the correct "d-pwee" pronunciation to the incorrect "d-pue" and stayed that way until after WWI. The spelling soon followed the erroneous pronunciation and became "Depew." As the pronunciation was corrected in the 20th century, so was the spelling.

Proper spelling is "De Puy," which uses a space. Today, some De Puys use the historical French spelling "de Puy."

The DePuy Company may pronounce their name as "d-pue," but they are incorrect.

Pjdepuy (talk) 18:00, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

The Employees of DePuy-Synthes are Reliably informed that the family of Revra DePuy are of Belgian Extraction, not French, and as a result the family name is not pronounced in the French Form "d-pwee," but "d-pue" this is similar to my name "Walsh" pronounced locally (Ireland south east) as "Welsh" to differentiate us for the other Walsh clans planted in Ireland in the 12th century. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 148.177.129.211 (talk) 13:38, 4 September 2015 (UTC)

Merge With Synthes
This article should merge with Synthes to reflect the 2012 acquisition and re-branding of the conapnies — Preceding unsigned comment added by 148.177.129.211 (talk) 13:40, 4 September 2015 (UTC)

German Television: Profit mit mangelhaften Hüftimplantaten (Profit with defective hip implants)

 * News message „Tagesschau“ (german)
 * Information with Video (german) --Anka Friedrich (talk) 10:23, 27 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:DePuy Synthes


text:
Scrapland

American McGee Presents: Scrapland is a game developed by MercurySteam, with American McGee as an executive producer and published by Enlight Software. A remastered version was released for Windows on December 13, 2021.

Setting
Scrapland's story is set in the robot-populated world of the same name, also known by the inhabitants as Chimera, which seems like a giant asteroid vastly industrialized as a metropolis and surrounded by a world-scaled energy field and an orbital ring, both used to control entrance and exit of the planet.

Development and release
According to American McGee, the game was designed and produced by Enrique Alvarez, the studio head at MercurySteam. McGee refers to himself as a "marketing tool". Alvarez pitched the idea for Scrapland to McGee while McGee was working as an executive producer at Enlight. The game was in development for 2 years.

The game was initially released for Windows in North America on November 4, 2004. A port for Xbox shipped on March 4, 2005, and arrived on store shelves three days later on March 7. Both versions were released in Europe on March 18, 2005. The Xbox port was released in Australia on April 7, 2005.

Reception
Scrapland received "average" reviews on both platforms according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Game Informer criticized the Xbox version's on-foot sections, "which would appear to be in the game for the sole purpose of annoying people. Scrap indeed." IGN gave the same console version a more positive review, saying "I would have liked to have seen more variety and lateral flexibility in the single-player... Overall, the game's refreshing sense of personality wins out over everything else."

The editors of Computer Gaming World nominated Scrapland for their 2004 "Action Game of the Year" award, which ultimately went to The Chronicles of Riddick: Escape from Butcher Bay.

title: Scrapland


text:
Hossein Shariatmadari

Hossein Shariatmadari is the managing editor of Kayhan, a conservative and hard-line Iranian newspaper.

Career
A strong supporter of president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, he has been described as being "a close confidant of Iran’s supreme leader" Ali Khamenei, and as having "links" to Iran's intelligence services.

On 17 April 2012 Shariatmadari published an editorial in which he stressed Iran's right to enrich uranium to 99%.

Controversies
After the controversial 2009 election and weeks of protest, Shariatmadari wrote an editorial in Kayhan alleging that defeated candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi was trying to "escape punishment for murdering innocent people, holding riots, cooperating with foreigners and acting as America's fifth column inside the country" and called for Mousavi and former reformist President Mohammad Khatami to be tried in court for "horrible crimes and treason."

In 2020, Shariatmadari said that the Holocaust "was falsely claimed by Zionist and Western governments" and that the real Holocaust was of Christians in Najran by Yemenite Jews in 524 CE. The article, shared by the semi-official Fars News Agency, was condemned as an antisemitic promotion of Holocaust denial.

title: Hossein Shariatmadari


text:
List of schools in United States territories

This is a list of schools associated with United States overseas military operations in Europe and the Pacific, and in unincorporated U.S. territories.

Bahrain

 * Bahrain School, Manama

Belgium

 * Brussels American School, Brussels
 * SHAPE Elementary School, Mons, Hainaut
 * SHAPE High School, Mons, Hainaut

Germany

 * Ansbach Elementary School, Ansbach, Bavaria
 * Ansbach Middle High School, Ansbach, Bavaria
 * Aukamm Elementary School, Wiesbaden, Hesse
 * Bamberg Elementary School, Bamberg, Bavaria
 * Bamberg High School, Bamberg, Bavaria
 * Baumholder High School, Baumholder, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Berlin American High School, Berlin
 * Bitburg Elementary School, Bitburg, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Bitburg Middle School, Bitburg, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Bitburg High School, Bitburg, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Böblingen Elementary School, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg
 * Bremen American High School, Bremen
 * Frankfurt American High School, Frankfurt, Hesse
 * Garmisch Elementary School, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria
 * Grafenwöhr Elementary School, Grafenwöhr, Bavaria
 * Grafenwöhr Middle School, Grafenwöhr, Bavaria
 * Hainerberg Elementary School, Wiesbaden, Hesse
 * Heidelberg Middle School, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg
 * Heidelberg High School, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg
 * Hohenfels Elementary School, Hohenfels, Bavaria
 * Hohenfels High School, Hohenfels, Bavaria
 * Kaiserslautern Elementary School, Kaiserslautern, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Kaiserslautern Middle School, Kaiserslautern, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Kaiserslautern High School, Kaiserslautern, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Landstuhl Elementary Middle School, Landstuhl, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Mannheim Elementary School, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg
 * Mannheim Middle School, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg
 * Mannheim High School, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg
 * Munich American High School, Munich, Bavaria
 * Nurnberg American High School, Furth, Bavaria
 * Patch Elementary School, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg
 * Patch High School, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg
 * Patrick Henry Elementary School, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg
 * Ramstein Elementary School, Ramstein Air Base, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Ramstein Intermediate School, Ramstein Air Base, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Ramstein Middle School, Ramstein Air Base, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Ramstein High School, Ramstein Air Base, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Robinson Barracks Middle School, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg
 * Smith Elementary School, Baumholder, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * Stuttgart Elementary School Stuttgart Baden-Würtenburg
 * Stuttgart High School Stuttgart Baden-Würtemberg*
 * Vilseck Elementary School, Vilseck, Bavaria
 * Vilseck High School, Vilseck, Bavaria
 * Wiesbaden Middle School, Wiesbaden, Hesse
 * Wiesbaden High School, Wiesbaden, Hesse
 * Würzburg American High School, Würzburg, Bavaria

Italy

 * Aviano Elementary School, Aviano, Province of Pordenone
 * Aviano Middle School, Aviano, Province of Pordenone
 * Aviano High School, Aviano, Province of Pordenone
 * Livorno Elementary and Middle School, Livorno, Tuscany
 * Naples Elementary School, Gricignano di Aversa, Campania
 * Naples American High School, Gricignano di Aversa, Campania
 * Sigonella Elementary School, west of Catania, Province of Catania
 * Sigonella High School, west of Catania, Province of Catania
 * Vicenza Elementary School, Vicenza, Province of Vicenza
 * Vicenza American High School, Vicenza, Province of Vicenza

Netherlands

 * AFNORTH Elementary School, Brunssum
 * AFNORTH High School, Brunssum

Portugal

 * Lajes Elementary/High School, Lajes, Azores

Spain

 * David Glasgow Farragut Elementary School (formerly Rota Elementary School), Rota, Cádiz
 * David Glasgow Farragut High School (formerly Rota High School), Rota, Cádiz

Turkey
Gazi Koleji
 * Ankara Elementary/High School (previously named George C. Marshall School), Ankara, Ankara Province
 * Incirlik Elementary/High School, İncirlik, Adana Province

United Kingdom

 * Alconbury Elementary School, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire
 * Alconbury High School, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire
 * Croughton American School, Northamptonshire
 * Feltwell Elementary School, Feltwell, Norfolk
 * Lakenheath Elementary School, Lakenheath, Suffolk
 * Lakenheath Middle School, Feltwell, Norfolk
 * Lakenheath High School, Lakenheath, Suffolk
 * Liberty Intermediate School, Lakenheath, Suffolk
 * Menwith Hill Elementary & High School, Harrogate, England

Guam

 * Guam High School, Asan
 * Andersen Elementary School, Yigo
 * Andersen Middle School, Yigo
 * Commander William C. McCool Elementary/Middle School, Naval Base Guam

Aomori Prefecture

 * Robert D. Edgren High School, Misawa Air Base, Misawa, Aomori
 * Sollars Elementary School, Misawa Air Base, Misawa, Aomori
 * Cummimngs Elementary School, Misawa Air Base, Misawa, Aomori

Kanagawa Prefecture

 * Zama American High School, Camp Zama, Zama, Kanagawa
 * Nile C. Kinnick High School, United States Fleet Activities Yokosuka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
 * Sullivans Elementary School, United States Fleet Activities Yokosuka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa

Nagasaki Prefecture

 * Ernest J. King High School, United States Fleet Activities Sasebo, Sasebo, Nagasaki
 * Ernest J. King Middle School, United States Fleet Activities Sasebo, Sasebo, Nagasaki
 * John N. Darby Elementary School, United States Fleet Activities Sasebo, Sasebo, Nagasaki
 * Sasebo Elementary School, United States Fleet Activities Sasebo, Sasebo, Nagasaki

Okinawa Prefecture

 * Amelia Earhart Intermediate School, Kadena Air Base, Okinawa Island
 * Bob Hope Primary School, Kadena Air Base, Okinawa Island
 * Lester Middle School, Camp Lester, Okinawa Island
 * Kubasaki High School, Camp Foster, Okinawa Island
 * Kadena Elementary School, Kadena Air Base, Okinawa Island
 * Kadena High School, Kadena Air Base, Okinawa Island
 * Kadena Middle School, Kadena Air Base, Okinawa Island
 * Ryukyu Middle School, Kadena Air Base, Okinawa Island
 * Stearley Heights Elementary School, Kadena Air Base, Okinawa Island

Tokyo Prefecture

 * Joan K. Mendel Elementary School (formerly known as Yokota East Elementary School), Yokota Air Base, Fussa, Tokyo
 * Yokota High School, Yokota Air Base, Fussa, Tokyo
 * Yokota Middle School, Yokota Air Base, Fussa, Tokyo
 * Yokota West Elementary School, Yokota Air Base, Fussa, Tokyo

Yamaguchi Prefecture

 * Matthew C. Perry High School, Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Iwakuni, Yamaguchi
 * Matthew C. Perry Elementary School, Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Iwakuni, Yamaguchi
 * Iwakuni Elementary School, Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Iwakuni, Yamaguchi
 * Iwakuni Middle School, Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Iwakuni, Yamaguchi

South Korea

 * Osan American Elementary School, Songtan, Gyeonggi-do
 * Osan Middle School, Songtan, Gyeonggi-do
 * Osan American High School, Songtan, Gyeonggi-do
 * Seoul American Elementary School, Yongsan-gu, Seoul
 * Seoul American Middle School, Yongsan-gu, Seoul
 * Seoul American High School, Yongsan-gu, Seoul
 * Taegu American School, Daegu, Yeongnam
 * ICS International Christian School, Uijeongbu, Camp Red Cloud

American Samoa

 * Faga'itua High School, Faga'itua
 * Leone High School, Leone
 * Manu'a High School, Ta'u
 * Nuuuli Technical High School, Nu'uuli
 * Samoana High School, Utulei
 * Tafuna High School, Tafuna
 * Kanana Fou High School, Tafuna
 * Marist/Fa'asao High School, Lepuapua
 * South Pacific Academy High School, Tafuna
 * Manumalo Baptist High School, Malaeimi
 * Pacific Horizons School, Tafuna

Cuba

 * W.T. Sampson Elementary School, Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba
 * W.T. Sampson High School, Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba

Guam

 * John F. Kennedy High School, Tamuning
 * St. John's School, Upper Tumon
 * Simon Sanchez High School, Yigo
 * Southern High School, Santa Rita
 * George Washington High School, Mangilao
 * St. Paul Christian School, North Yigo

Northern Mariana Islands

 * Kagman High School, Saipan
 * Marianas High School, Saipan
 * Mt. Carmel School, Saipan
 * Rota High School, Rota
 * Saipan Southern High School, Saipan
 * Tinian Junior/Senior High School, Tinian
 * San Antonio Elementary School
 * Garapan Elementary School
 * Kagman Elementary/ Junior High School
 * Dan Dan Elementary School
 * William S. Reyes Elementary School
 * Gregory T. Camacho Elementary School
 * Hopwood Junior High School

U.S. Virgin Islands

 * Charlotte Amalie High School, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas
 * Ivanna Eudora Kean High School, St. Thomas
 * Antilles School, St. Thomas, USVI
 * All Saints Cathedral School, St. Thomas, USVI
 * Sts. Peter and Paul, St. Thomas, USVI
 * St. Croix Central High School, St. Croix
 * St. Croix Educational Complex High School, St. Croix
 * St. Croix Educational Complex Vocational, St. Croix
 * Addelita Cancryn Junior High, St. Thomas
 * John H. Woodson Junior High School, St. Croix
 * Elena L. Christian Junior High, St. Croix
 * Arthur Richards Junior High, Frederiksted, St. Croix
 * Manor School, St. Croix, USVI
 * St. Croix Country Day School

Puerto Rico

 * Antilles High School, Fort Buchanan, Puerto Rico
 * Antilles Middle School, Fort Buchanan, Puerto Rico
 * Antilles Intermediate School, Fort Buchanan, Puerto Rico
 * Antilles Elementary School, Fort Buchanan, Puerto Rico
 * Ramey School, Aguadilla, PR

Notes and references

 * Stuttgart High School is the new form of Patch Middle School
 * Stuttgart Elementary is the new form of Böblingen Elementary School


text:
Shelly Palmer

Shelton Leigh "Shelly" Palmer is an advertising, marketing and technology consultant, and business adviser. He is the Professor of Advanced Media in Residence at the S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University and CEO of The Palmer Group, a tech strategy and solutions consulting practice. He is the former president of the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (NATAS), New York chapter (NATAS/NY), and he served as the chairman of both the Advanced Media Committee and the Technology Committee for the organization. He is also known for his work as a composer and producer.

Education and career
Palmer completed his graduation from the New York University's Tisch School of the Arts with a B.A. in direction and production of film and television in 1979. He started his career at age 12 as a musician. He wrote Meow Mix jingles and composed music for Live with Regis and Kelly, Spin City and MSNBC. The "Palmer News Package" is Palmer's arrangement of the Channel 2 News theme originating from WBBM-TV in Chicago and has been used by stations across the country including WBBM's sister station WCBS-TV in New York City, who commissioned the arrangement.

Palmer produced HotPop, which aired on Starz/Encore's Wam! Network. He also produced NBC Universal's Digital Life with Shelly Palmer, and Live Digital with Shelly Palmer.

Radio work
Palmer's first "full service" radio production client was The ABC Television Network. SLP&Co. scripted, cast, produced, composed and trafficked over 150 radio spots per year to ABC's 213 affiliated television stations. During the early 1990s, SLP&Co. expanded its staff and production facilities to include more work with music as well as programming and production for CD-ROM, the World Wide Web, Interactive Television and other digital media.

Interactive television
Palmer's first solo technology patent was for an interactive television system that allowed users to click a button on their remote to perform near-real-time transactions over broadcast television. Palmer also invented and patented the methodology that enabled viewers to watch television and interact with server-based information in relative sync, known as two-screen interactive television. Major network broadcasts soon adopted this technology, including ABC's Monday Night Football, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and The Academy Awards.

As The Walt Disney Company and its subsidiaries licensed Palmer's Enhanced Television technology, the company soon hired Palmer as a consultant to their Enhanced Television division. In 2004, ABC's Celebrity Mole Yucatán received an Emmy Award in the category of Enhancement of Original Television Content, a project team of advanced media professionals spearheaded by Palmer.

title: Shelly Palmer


text: User talk:65.54.98.105

title: User talk:65.54.98.105


text:
Nemesis (Alpha Flight)

Nemesis is the name of several superheroines appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first incarnation of Nemesis, Isabel St. Ives, first appeared in Alpha Flight #8 (March 1984). The second incarnation, Jane Thorne, debuted in Alpha Flight #76 (November 1989). The third incarnation, Amelia Weatherly, made her first appearance in Alpha Flight vol. 3 #1 (May 2004). The fourth incarnation, Heather Hudson, made her debut as Nemesis in Alpha Flight vol 5. #1 (August 2023).

All four women have encountered the superhero team Alpha Flight team, and wore the same black and red costume, carried a mystical sword, and were capable of flight.

Isabel St. Ives
Nemesis (Isabel St. Ives) first appeared in Alpha Flight #8, and was created by John Byrne.

Fictional character biography
Isabel St. Ives was the daughter of "Deadly" Ernest St. Ives, and used a magical sword "scarcely an atom's width thick," allegedly the only weapon capable of killing her father, to assist the Canadian superheroes Northstar and Aurora in combat with him. Although she apparently killed Deadly Ernest, he did return. There, the Flight member Puck used Nemesis's sword to fatally wound her father, who was then knocked in front of an oncoming subway train and apparently killed. Nemesis then explained to the heroes her relation to the villain and disintegrated.

Jane Thorne
The second Nemesis, Jane Thorne, first appeared in Alpha Flight #76 and was created by writer James Hudnall.

Fictional character biography
Jane Thorne wore a costume identical to the first Nemesis, and used the original's sword and, on occasion, had used a teleportation device. Nothing about her past has been revealed, save that she once led a cult called the "Children of the Night".

The second Nemesis was introduced as a member of Canada's new government sanctioned team, Gamma Flight, and remained a member until the team was disbanded, at which point she fled to keep her teammate Wild Child from being placed in government custody. After Alpha Flight was reinstated, Wild Child, now a full member of Alpha Flight, rescued her from Rok, the new leader of the Children of the Night. She accompanied him to the Alpha Flight headquarters and became a member of Alpha Flight.

Fictional character biography
The third Nemesis to be introduced was born in the early 19th century under the name Amelia Weatherly. She became the mistress of Centennial. She was killed under unknown circumstances involving a building burning down and was buried in a shallow grave. Although Centennial never found her body, he had a proper funeral for "the one thing he ever loved".

Somehow, after having "been to Hell – twice" she was revived as "the living embodiment of retribution", her dead body animated by the connection to her Promethium soulsword, Scell. When the sword is not held by her or sheathed close to her body, she can barely move.

Later, she was arrested by the Canadian Government as an anarchist terrorist and held until Sasquatch made a bargain for her release to join his new Alpha Flight lineup to save the originals – initially under coercion, with Sasquatch injecting her with nanotechnology capable of severing her connection to her sword, effectively killing her, if she attempted to kill any Alpha Flight member. While only Nemesis herself was aware of their connection, Centennial was also independently recruited by Sasquatch to the team.

After they helped to rescue the original team, Nemesis herself was the member keenest for the new team to remain assembled, since, while long-lived, she was not immortal and her life was coming to an end – although, visibly, she had not aged since her original death – and there was a matter she needed to attend to, which she couldn't do from prison. She eventually convinced Sasquatch to allow her freedom in return for remaining a member.

When Flashback then came to ask for help in preventing himself from being drawn back to his death in the past, Nemesis revealed she and her sword could time-travel – however, she didn't mention until after she'd done it that she would need to kill Flashback to do so. She justified it on the grounds that if they prevented the original problem – which Sasquatch identified as Guardian's original death – then she would never have needed to kill Flashback in the first place. She then proceeded to kill the members of Alpha Flight one-by-one, as their attempts to solve the problem made the present increasingly worse and required someone else to go back to alter the past further. When she stabbed them, they went to a "weigh station" inside herself where they would exit in the past with no memory of the time spent there.

When it was Centennial's turn to be stabbed and enter the station, she revealed herself to him at last as the mistress he'd truly loved, but said she couldn't tell him after she exited to reality, and after she sent everyone else (bar Sasquatch) back, she spent time cradling his dead body. When the time finally came to kill herself, she met herself in the final moments of her original life, suffering a "slow and painful death" in a shallow grave at the foot of a hill, topped with a flaming building, and briefly comforted herself.

When she arrived in the past, she killed Heather Hudson to prevent Guardian's death, which meant that the future Sasquatch became one where Guardian had spent ten years becoming the ruler of the world – and torturing Nemesis. Sasquatch, however, managed to persuade Shaman to reset the timeline so that the attempts at altering the past had never happened. The result was that Flashback came, not to prevent his own death, but to give Sasquatch Shaman's pouch, which yielded copies of the original Alpha Flight taken from shortly before Guardian's "death," with only Shaman and Nemesis herself remembering the erased timeline, whereupon Shaman convinced Nemesis to reveal herself to Centennial, so that when they died shortly after they were buried together.

When stunned, she starts talking about "fuzzy bunnies."

Heather Hudson
The fourth Nemesis, Heather Hudson, made her debut in Alpha Flight vol. 5 #1 (August 2023), written by Ed Brisson and illustrated by Scott Godlewski. Heather was previously introduced in The Uncanny X-Men #139 (November 1980) and was created by Chris Claremont and John Byrne.

During the "Fall of X" storyline, Heather assumed the identity of Nemesis and rejoined Alpha Flight to help protect mutant refugees from the Canadian government. Her husband Guardian was unaware of her true identity, which is revealed to him after Heather is grievously wounded following a battle with Department H's Box Sentinels.

As Nemesis, Heather was only shown using Scell's ability to teleport. Unlike her predecessors, Scell grants Heather a certain level of superhuman durability that protects her from injuries that can otherwise be fatal. Due to Scell requiring the life-force of its victims to sustain itself, Heather's lack of victims with Scell causes the sword to drain her of her own life-force whenever she uses its teleportation abilities, worsening depending on the distance traveled and the number of people being teleported. As Scell's previous users were undead and able to bypass this weakness, Heather's continued use would result in her death.

Accolades

 * In 2020, Scary Mommy included Nemesis in their "Looking For A Role Model? These 195+ Marvel Female Characters Are Truly Heroic" list.

title: Nemesis (Alpha Flight)


text:
Talk:Nonperson

Redirect?
dictionary.com meriam webster uses nonperson spelling. --Calm 21:29, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Agree The dictionary spelling would be a preferable title. I checked the "what links here" for both titles and more articles linked to nonperson than to non-person. I've gone ahead and moved the article. I have also manually changed the links in other articles to the new destination so no link-driven redirects should occur now. Tobycat 05:37, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

POV cleanup
This is a good encyclopedic topic and the original contributions provides a decent framework for building a good article. It is a little concerning that none of the material is backed up by sources and some of the language used reflects a POV.

Some examples from the version as of 5 June 2005:
 * "Though rare, there are examples of "non-persons" even in the so-called "western" industrialized countries." In this case, "so-called" reflects POV.
 * "Such can be the case of a state versus homeless or marginal people or it can be extended and applied versus an entire nation or ethnic group, as it often happens in wars or other conflicts. This was the case for example of the Nazi state versus the Jews or of most societies versus the Gypsies...". Here the text is equating the treatment of homeless people, prostitutes, ethnic groups, and European Jews in World War II.

There's also a fair amount of broad generalization to narrow down and cite. Tobycat 04:00, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

In order to reduce the POV nature, I edited that section title (was The case of the "civilized" world and is now The case of industrialized countries) and pulled out so-called "western" since removing those words does not change the meaning of the sentence, but removes POV. --Habap 20:26, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Copy Editing
I also removed the copy edit flag because the spelling, grammar and punctuation all seems correct. It might be able to use reorganization or removal of POV, but I think it's fine copy. --Habap 20:26, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Deleted POV warning
I've deleted the POV warning because it all seemed pretty NPOV to me. If anyone disagrees please feel free to add it back in.

--81.129.111.90 19:33, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Nineteen Eighty-Four Reference
I've addeed a reference to Orwell under the "erased from existence" category. There's striking similarity between "non-person" and his word "unperson". Kazhivlad 22:51, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Any sources?
This is interesting article, but it does not cite anything, whereas some statements are questionable. Can anyone provide some sources, please?Biophys 20:59, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

Split article?
This article deals with two different subjects:
 * People who are dehumanized and denied rights ("a person or a member of a group who lacks, loses, or is forcibly denied social or legal status, especially basic human rights")
 * People who are disappeared (e.g. Covert abduction by government), and/or denied to have ever existed.

The article is a mess because it jumps between talking about these two things. It should be split. There are probably already existing articles for the topics it discusses anyway. —Pengo 03:02, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

Demonization
That paragraph on demonization lends itself to POV, to say the least. "An example of this is the demonization of the Serbs during the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, which led to the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999." is an impressively controversial statement, and other statements regarding Palestinians in Israeli-occupied territories have been added and removed in the past. 18.95.7.168 (talk) 01:16, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

non sequitur
>making them appear to be sub-human (not humans), and thus indirectly rationalizing any excess or abuse committed against them How exactly does the second part of the sentence follow from the first, even indirectly? What is the justification that non-humans (animals, plants, spirits, gods, demons, angels, and so on) deserve abuse? This is not rational. Nonki72 (talk) 17:46, 21 October 2020 (UTC)
 * So, would you like to remove it or rephrase it? If rephrasing is your choice, what would you suggest? What would be ideal is if you could find a citation that covers the idea and draft some prose based on it. What is there now is lacking any citation and so just the thoughts of some random Wikipedia editor. Per WP:OR and WP:UNSOURCED we can just remove it and any statement lacking citation in the article. Richard-of-Earth (talk) 02:41, 28 October 2020 (UTC)

Original research, accuracy concerns
I have noticed that the "Ways to become" section is completely unreferenced, likely constitutes original research, and consists mostly of implausible occurences. Should I remove it? – Laundry Pizza 03  ( d c̄ ) 07:25, 19 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes,, please remove. – Finnusertop (talk ⋅ contribs) 18:45, 19 December 2018 (UTC)

Legal Status
>''implicitly a normative statement; by doing so, it is implied simultaneously that the person referred to is entitled to the rights that any person should have. '' the word imply is used here twice literally (implicitly; implied), and it is being implied that there is cause for this. what is actually being implied is that people should not have rights. here the hidden assumption is that people don't have rights. when a nonperson is declared, rights are given to the compliment set - in other words restriction is put in place on that person (who is not a person), and the others have gained nothing. the point is that rights are simply limitations put on certain people, obfuscated by a simple logical negation. btw is there a blame command in wikipedia like in git? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nonki72 (talk • contribs) 18:57, 22 October 2020 (UTC) native-american-government-first-origins based on Alice Kehoe, North American Indians: A Comprehensive Account (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1981)
 * So how would you change it? And can you provide a WP:RS to support it?
 * As for the git blame function, I take it can you wish to find out who added this statement. There is a "View history" tab at the top of the article, but you would have to hunt through it to find who made the change. I do not know if anyone have made any way of searching the history. Usually one just changes what one does not like and if the person or persons paying attention to the article notice, they will make themselves known then. Richard-of-Earth (talk) 02:53, 28 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I would write that, as a first draft, the following: By nature, people don't have any rights. It is freedom and there are no assurances or guarantees. When order is instituted, it may be effected by limiting freedoms to designated peoples. The amount and quality of freedoms enjoyed are called rights. When there is no clear hierarchy (as in a fiefdom) or other defined power structure (such as religion), there is no one real or imaginary who is guaranteeing those rights. Since there is no person - only a seat, a flag, or some other symbol/office - the people do not accept. They strive for more rights for their own and promise each other rights in order to gain rights for themselves, as many rulers have done. Rather than wars between kingdoms, constant infighting is the status quo. This sort of society is designed for upward mobility. However, there is very little true freedom due to the complexity of the constantly changing and mostly hidden power structure. It is hidden because, when an influential person is well known they may be seen as a conquest. Even if it is by a small group, the well-known partial ruler's freedom becomes limited. A nonperson could be one who seeks complete secrecy in order to conceal their power so as to reduce their vulnerable surface area, or someone who is being persecuted for refusing to recognize the legitimacy of the power structure.
 * Reliable Source: the constitution
 * This writing style obviates the need to leave or counter what is currently written on the page regarding implied truths. I have left out the additive nature of rights, where the active assumption is that while men are equal, they are equally and completely without freedom unless given it by another in the form of rights. It is truly the opposite: all men are born with all freedoms whether or not they have rights. How can one man without freedom (by his own assertion) have any power to bestow it upon another? Rights are nothing but a mechanism to restrict the other's freedom while maintaining the visage of respectability - that the nature of law (even up to the original, the law of Moses). The supposed solution to this conundrum is to obtain the freedom from God. But alas, how can a man without any freedom obtain it from a deity with complete freedom, even to such a degree that he is allowed to dole it out as he sees fit? This is nothing but a threat to restrict God's freedom. And so, this topic is worthy of a treatise in itself and was omitted. Instead it is written by construction, based on the sole assumption that "all men are created equal". Also supporting the assertion that people do not have rights by nature is the fact that Native American society operated without rights before colonization. It may be so that since the indigenous people did not acknowledge the concept of rights, they were considered nonpersons. This would imply that the natives hold no right to the land which was then dubbed 'America'. Perhaps more references could be added at each critical point.
 * "Archaic Indians apparently did not make class or status distinctions between themselves for political or social purposes. They also did not centralize political power into the hands of dominant leaders."
 * Nonki72 (talk) 00:18, 29 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Do you understand Wikipedia's policy regarding original research? See WP:OR. Also this article is about basically a sociological concept concerning discrimination. We need to stick to concepts as presented in mainstream scholarly sources. Can you present any of those? I do understand the section in question has no citations. Really if you do not like it, we could just remove it. Really the article is just a WP:UNSOURCED definition in the lead, the section in question and then some examples. We could just nominate the article for deletion. Richard-of-Earth (talk) 05:11, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

Large part deleted as likely OR
I recently removed two sub-sections of the Examples section and one additional paragraph as unreferenced and presumptive original research, including editorializing and presumptuous language; I had already removed another section in December 2018, as noted above. Do not re-add any of the content without reliable references; I'd suggest starting with finding an RS which explicity designates the Erased of post-Soviet Slovenia as nonpersons. –LaundryPizza03 ( d c̄ ) 03:12, 11 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Eh, I'll contact WP:ORN. –LaundryPizza03 ( d c̄ ) 03:20, 11 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nonperson


text:
Pei

PEI or Pei may refer to:

Places

 * Matecaña International Airport, Pereira, Colombia, IATA code PEI
 * Pei County (沛县), Jiangsu, China
 * Pei Commandery (沛郡), a commandery in Chinese history
 * Prince Edward Island, a province of Canada
 * Pei, Tibet, a town in Tibet

People

 * Bei (surname) (貝), romanized Pei in Wade–Giles
 * Pei (surname), a Chinese surname (裴) or an Italian surname
 * I. M. Pei (1917–2019), a Chinese-American architect
 * Mario Pei (1901–1978), an Italian-American linguist

Polymers

 * Polyetherimide (PEI), a thermoplastic similar to PEEK
 * Polyethylenimine (PEI), a type of water-soluble polymer

Other uses

 * Paul Ehrlich Institute, Germany
 * Pei language
 * Pe (Semitic letter) (פ), or pei, a letter in the Hebrew alphabet
 * Princeton Environmental Institute of Princeton University
 * Private Equity International, a financial magazine
 * Private Education Institution (Singapore)
 * Shar Pei, a wrinkled dog breed
 * Pie
 * Pee (disambiguation)

title: Pei


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-06-06/Wales meets Brockhaus

Last week, Jimmy Wales appeared at a press conference with the head of the firm that produces the Brockhaus encyclopedia. The meeting was basically a polite exchange of ideas and builds on previous contacts between the German chapter of the Wikimedia Foundation and Brockhaus.

The conference featured a discussion between Wales and Alexander Bob, CEO of the Bibliographisches Institute & F.A. Brockhaus AG, publisher of the leading German encyclopedia. Also present was Klaus Holoch, press spokesperson for Brockhaus. The event was sponsored by Wissenschafts-Pressekonferenz e.V. and held last Wednesday at the offices of the Axel Springer publishing house in Hamburg.

The discussion was moderated by Marcus Franken, a journalist and member of the sponsoring organization. About 20 other journalists were present, as was Ralf Szymanski, the head of Directmedia Publishing, which recently released the German Wikipedia on DVD (see archived story).

Quality and timeliness discussed
After a brief introduction to the Wikipedia project, the topic turned to quality control issues and whether each organization viewed the other as a competitor. Both Wales and Bob agreed that the primary goal was to produce high-quality content, and generally indicated that the two encyclopedias were not so much competition as complementary products. While Wikipedia has the advantages of being cheaper and quicker to update, Brockhaus emphasizes its long tradition and a uniform editorial policy to ensure its quality. In discussing the question of Wikipedia's reliability, Bob pointed to the recent publicity surrounding disputed edits to Wikipedia articles about the candidates in a recent German regional election (see archived story).

Wales said he had changed his mind on the question of whether the business models of existing encyclopedia publishers could coexist with Wikipedia. He indicated that the Encyclopædia Britannica had already suffered from competing with Encarta and was scared of Wikipedia. In contrast, he felt Brockhaus had withstood the challenge of Encarta more successfully than Britannica, and thus felt less threatened and more open to dialogue.

Meanwhile, the question was raised for Brockhaus of how timely it could keep its content. Bob pointed out that some current topics were already covered, and many entries are well-established and don't require constant editing. In addition, he noted that Brockhaus will soon be coming out with a new print edition, its twenty-first, scheduled for release this fall.

Shortly afterward, a copy of portions of this new edition were found on an unsecured server at the University of Saarbrücken (although not secured, Brockhaus pointed out that they were not reachable through public sites). It was discovered that a short article on Wikipedia was included, and Jakob Voss initiated an effort to see if Wikipedians could edit this article and improve it, given the space limitation provided. Bernd Kreissig, head of Brockhaus' new media unit, promptly complained that this advance publication of a complete article was a copyright violation, and that the actions were disrespectful even if intended in a friendly way.

Der Spiegel ran a story on the dialogue between Wales and Bob, and also noted that the German Wikipedia has been nominated for an award by the Adolf Grimme Institut. It is one of 15 websites competing for the Grimme Online Award in a category for Wissen und Bildung (Knowledge and Education). Now in their fifth year, the awards will be announced on 30 June at a ceremony in Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.

This article is based in part on a report from Mathias Schindler.

Also this week: Downtime — Passwords — Content arbitration — Brockhaus — Features — Top 100 list — T.R.O.L.L. — Press coverage