text:
Berbere

Berbere (በርበሬ bärbäre, በርበረ bärbärä) is a spice mixture whose constituent elements usually include chili peppers, coriander, garlic, ginger, Ethiopian holy basil (besobela) seeds, korarima, rue, ajwain or radhuni, nigella, and fenugreek. It is a key ingredient in the cuisines of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Berbere also refers to chili pepper itself.

Berbere sometimes encompasses herbs and spices that are less well known internationally. These include both cultivated plants and those that grow wild in Ethiopia, such as korarima (Aframomum corrorima).

title: Berbere


text:
User:Joseph Buchanan

Joseph Buchanan, b. December 5, 1981 Hartsel, Colorado.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Joseph Buchanan


text:
Painted bunting

The painted bunting (Passerina ciris) is a species of bird in the cardinal family, Cardinalidae. It is native to North America. The bright plumage of the male only comes in the second year of life; in the first year they can only be distinguished from the female by close inspection.

Taxonomy
The painted bunting was originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his eighteenth-century work Systema Naturae. There are two recognized subspecies of the painted bunting.

 * P. c. ciris – (Linnaeus, 1758) : nominate, breeds in the southeastern United States
 * P. c. pallidior – Mearns, 1911 : breeds in south central US and northern Mexico

The painted bunting is also called the Mexican canary, painted finch, pope, or nonpareil.

Description
The male painted bunting is often described as the most beautiful bird in North America and as such has been nicknamed nonpareil, or "without equal". Its colors, dark blue head, green back, red rump, and underparts, make it extremely easy to identify, but it can still be difficult to spot since it often skulks in foliage even when it is singing. The plumage of female and juvenile painted buntings is green and yellow-green, serving as camouflage. Once seen, the adult female is still distinctive, since it is a brighter, truer green than other similar songbirds. Adult painted buntings can measure 12 - 14 cm in length, span 21 - 23 cm across the wings and weigh 13 - 19 g.

The juveniles have two inserted molts in their first autumn, each yielding plumage like an adult female. The first starts a few days after fledging, replacing the juvenile plumage with an auxiliary formative plumage; and the second a month or so later giving the formative plumage.

Painted bunting eggs are pale blue-white speckled or spotted with brown. Three to four eggs (or occasionally five) appear from March to July in cup-shaped nests usually built in brush or low trees, usually 3 to 6 feet from the ground but up to 12 feet.

Distribution and habitat
The painted bunting occupies typical habitat for a member of its family. It is found in thickets, woodland edges with riparian thickets, shrubbery and brushy areas. In the east, the species breeds in maritime hammocks and scrub communities. Today, it is often found along roadsides and in suburban areas, and in gardens with dense, shrubby vegetation. The wintering habitat is typically the shrubby edges along the border of tropical forests or densely vegetated savanna. The breeding range is divided into two geographically separate areas. These include southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, southern and eastern Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, northern Florida, coastal Georgia, the southern coast and inland waterways such as the Santee River of South Carolina and northern Mexico. They winter in South Florida, Cuba, the Bahamas, along both coasts of Mexico and through much of Central America. Occasionally, vagrants may appear further north, including to New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. The bird is also found every few years as far north as New Brunswick, Canada. Genetic analyses showed that the species can be divided into three main groups on their breeding grounds: a western, central and eastern group.

Behavior
Painted buntings are shy, secretive and often difficult to observe with the human eye, though can be fairly approachable where habituated to bird feeders. Males sing in spring from exposed perches to advertise their territories. They also engage in visual displays including flying bouncingly like a butterfly or in an upright display, body-fluff display, bow display and wing-quiver display. These displays are used in antagonistic conflicts with other males or in breeding displays for females, with females rarely engaging in displays. Occasionally, males may physically clash with each other and may even kill each other in such conflicts. When their breeding season has concluded, buntings migrate by night over short to medium distances. Western birds (Arizona and northern Mexico) molt in mid-migration, while eastern birds tend to molt before they migrate.

Feeding
Painted buntings often feed by hopping along the ground, cautiously stopping every few moments to look around. They regularly eat insects and seeds of grasses, such as Panicum, of sedges such as Carex, and forbs such as Amaranthus, Oxalis, and Euphorbia. In winter painted bunting eat seeds almost exclusively, but while breeding, and in feeding their nestlings, they mainly seek out small invertebrates, including spiders, snails, and insects such as grasshoppers and caterpillars. Sometimes they visit spider webs opportunistically to pick off insects caught in them.

Breeding
Painted buntings are mostly monogamous and are solitary or in pairs during the breeding season, but sometimes exhibit polygamy. The breeding season begins in late April and lasts through to early August, with activity peaking mid-May through to mid-July. The male arrives about a week before the female and starts to establish a small territory. The nest is typically hidden in low, dense vegetation and is built by the females and woven into the surrounding vegetation for strength. Each brood contains three or four gray-white eggs, often spotted with brown, which are incubated for around 10 days until the altricial young are hatched. The female alone cares for the young. The hatchlings are brooded for approximately 12 to 14 days and then fledge at that time. About 30 days after the first eggs hatch, the female painted bunting usually lays a second brood. Nests are often parasitized by cowbirds. Common predators at the nest of eggs, young, and brooding females are large snakes, including coachwhip snakes, eastern kingsnakes, eastern racers and black rat snakes. The painted bunting can live to over 10 years of age, though most wild buntings probably live barely half that long.

Status
The male painted bunting was once a very popular caged bird, but its capture and holding is currently illegal. Trapping for overseas sale may still occur in Central America. Populations are primarily declining due to habitat being lost to development, especially in coastal swamp thickets and woodland edges in the east and riparian habitats in migration and winter in the Southeastern United States and Mexico. They are protected by the U.S. Migratory Bird Act.

Articles

 * Academy Of Natural Sciences Of P. (1999). Painted Bunting: Passerina ciris. Birds of North America. vol 0, no 398. p. 1-23.
 * Barber DR & Martin TE. (1997). Influence of alternate host densities on brown-headed Cowbird parasitism rates in black-capped Vireos. Condor. vol 99, no 3. p. 595-604.
 * Bochkov AV, Fain A & Skoracki M. (2004). New quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acari : Cheyletoidea). Systematic Parasitology. vol 57, no 2. p. 135-150.
 * Brennan SP & Schnell GD. (2005). Relationship between bird abundances and landscape characteristics: The influence of scale. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment. vol 105, no 1–3. p. 209-228.
 * Conner RN, Dickson JG, Williamson JH & Ortego BN. (2004). Width of forest streamside zones and breeding bird abundance in eastern Texas. Southeastern Naturalist. vol 3, no 4. p. 669-682.
 * Durden LA, Oliver JH & Kinsey AA. (2001). Ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) and spirochetes (Spirochaetaceae : Spirochaetales) recovered from birds on a Georgia barrier island. Journal of Medical Entomology. vol 38, no 2. p. 231-236.
 * Kilgo JC & Moorman CE. (2003). Patterns of cowbird parasitism in the southern Atlantic coastal plain and piedmont. Wilson Bulletin. vol 115, no 3. p. 277-284.
 * Klicka J, Fry AJ, Zink RM & Thompson CW. (2001). A cytochrome-b perspective on Passerina bunting relationships. Auk. vol 118, no 3. p. 611-623.
 * Kopachena JG & Crist CJ. (2000). Macro-habitat features associated with painted and Indigo Buntings in northeast Texas. Wilson Bulletin. vol 112, no 1. p. 108-114.
 * Kopachena JG & Crist CJ. (2000). Microhabitat features associated with the song perches of Painted and Indigo Buntings (Passeriformes : Cardinalidae) in northeast Texas. Texas Journal of Science. vol 52, no 2. p. 133-144.
 * Lanyon SM & Thompson CF. (1984). Visual Displays and Their Context in the Painted Bunting Passerina-Ciris. Wilson Bulletin. vol 96, no 3. p. 396-407.
 * Lanyon SM & Thompson CF. (1986). Site Fidelity and Habitat Quality as Determinants of Settlement Pattern in Male Painted Buntings Passerina-Ciris. Condor. vol 88, no 2. p. 206-210.
 * Norris DJ & Elder WH. (1982). Distribution and Habitat Characteristics of the Painted Bunting Passerina-Ciris in Missouri USA. Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science. vol 16, p. 77-84.
 * Quay WB. (1985). Cloacal Sperm in Spring Migrants Occurrence and Interpretation. Condor. vol 87, no 2. p. 273-280.
 * Spicer GS. (1977). 2 New Nasal Mites of the Genus Ptilonyssus Mesostigmata Rhinonyssidae from Texas USA. Acarologia. vol 18, no 4. p. 594-601.
 * Springborn EG & Meyers JM. (2005). Home range and survival of breeding painted buntings on Sapelo Island, Georgia. Wildlife Society Bulletin. vol 33, no 4. p. 1432–1439.
 * Taylor WK. (1974). NEW HYBRID BUNTING (PASSERINA-CYANEA X PASSERINA-CIRIS). Auk. vol 91, no 3. p. 485-487.
 * Thompson CF & Lanyon SM. (1979). Reverse Mounting in the Painted Bunting Passerina-Ciris. Auk. vol 96, no 2. p. 417-418.
 * Thompson CW. (1991). Is the Painted Bunting Actually Two Species? Problems Determining Species Limits between Allopatric Populations. Condor. vol 93, no 4. p. 987-1000.
 * Thompson CW. (1991). THE SEQUENCE OF MOLTS AND PLUMAGES IN PAINTED BUNTINGS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORIES OF DELAYED PLUMAGE MATURATION. Condor. vol 93, no 2. p. 209-235.
 * Thompson CW. (1992). A KEY FOR AGING AND SEXING PAINTED BUNTINGS. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 63, no 4. p. 445-454.
 * Young BE. (1991). ANNUAL MOLTS AND INTERRUPTION OF THE FALL MIGRATION FOR MOLTING IN LAZULI BUNTINGS. Condor. vol 93, no 2. p. 236-250.

title: Painted bunting


text:
Mary Ingalls

Mary Amelia Ingalls (January 10, 1865 – October 20, 1928) was born near the town of Pepin, Wisconsin. She was the first child of Caroline and Charles Ingalls and older sister of writer Laura Ingalls Wilder, known for her Little House book series.

Biography
Mary Ingalls was born January 10, 1865, on her father's 29th birthday.

At age 14, Ingalls suffered an illness – allegedly scarlet fever – thought at the time to cause her blindness. A 2013 medical study concluded that viral encephalitis actually disrupted her eyesight, based on evidence from first-hand accounts and newspaper reports of her illness, as well as relevant school registries, and epidemiologic data on blindness and infectious diseases. Between 1881 and 1889, Ingalls attended the Iowa Braille and Sight Saving School in Vinton, Iowa.

The historical record doesn't show why Ingalls did not attend school during one year of that time, but she did finish the seven-year course of study in 1889 and graduated. She then returned home to her parents in De Smet, South Dakota and contributed to the family income by making fly nets for horses.

After her father died in 1902, she and her mother rented out a room in their home for extra income. Following her mother's death in April 1924, she lived for a time with her sister, Grace Ingalls Dow in Manchester, South Dakota.

She then traveled to Keystone, South Dakota to live with her second youngest sister Carrie Ingalls Swanzey. There she suffered a stroke, and on October 20, 1928, she died of pneumonia at age 63. Her body was returned to De Smet, where she was buried in the Ingalls family plot next to her parents at De Smet Cemetery.

In popular culture
Ingalls was portrayed in the television series Little House on the Prairie by actress Melissa Sue Anderson. The television version of Mary Ingalls became a teacher in a school for the blind and married a blind fellow teacher. The real Mary Ingalls never became a teacher nor married, but returned to De Smet to live with her parents after graduating from Vinton.

title: Mary Ingalls


text:
Richard C. Meredith

Richard Carlton Meredith (October 21, 1937 – March 8, 1979), was an American writer, illustrator and graphic designer, best known as the author of science fiction short stories and novels including We All Died at Breakaway Station and The Timeliner Trilogy.

Early life
Meredith was born on October 21, 1937, in Alderson, West Virginia, United States, the first son of Joseph and LaVon Meredith. The family moved several times before eventually settling in St. Albans, West Virginia late in 1942 or early in 1943, where his father, a pipe-fitter by trade, found employment as a technician in a chemical plant involved in the development and production of synthetic rubber. The family remained there until 1956, during which time Meredith's sister Sandra was born.

During Meredith's years at high school and one year at West Virginia State College, he discovered science fiction, including the juvenile novels of Robert A. Heinlein and the pulp magazines Amazing and Fantastic. In 1950 he bought his first copy of Astounding, of which he collected virtually all issues until the death of the editor John W. Campbell, in 1971. It was at this time that Meredith wrote his first short stories. He had no thought of becoming a full-time author; Meredith wanted to be an astronomer — an ambition he followed until he realized that he did not have the mathematical aptitude necessary for a career in astronomy.

Army life
Meredith's parents moved to Pensacola, Florida in 1956 in pursuit of improved economic and financial opportunities. Meredith followed soon after and, disillusioned at the lack of jobs available to him (he had not finished college), he decided to enlist in the U.S. Army. There he received extensive training in microwave radio theory and practice before becoming a microwave systems technician and later an instructor in microwave radio theory and the electronics aspects of aircraft navigation and communication. This experience might have influenced the plot of his later novel We All Died at Breakaway Station, which is focused on the communications technology of a future space culture and on the extreme sacrifice made by a space navy's technicians in order to maintain interstellar communications and let a vital message get through.

Meredith married his high school sweetheart during this period, but the marriage did not last long and ended in divorce.

After leaving the Army in 1960, Meredith returned to his family in Pensacola and enrolled at Pensacola Junior College. However, his studies were cut short again, this time when he was recalled to the U.S. Army in 1961 due to the Berlin Crisis and escalating tensions between the United States and the U.S.S.R. Meredith served with a helicopter rescue unit in the Mississippi National Guard but did not see action.

Marriage and children
After his final release from the Army in 1962, Meredith found employment at Grice Electronics Inc in Pensacola, an electronics wholesale and retail company, where he rose to become advertising manager and met a girl from Alabama named Joy Gates. They married in 1963 and in 1965 Joy gave birth to a daughter, Kira Chimene. The family would grow further with the birth of three sons: Jefferson Conan, Derek Carlton, and Rand Calvin.

Meredith developed his writing during his time in the Army and began to submit short stories to some of the men's magazines that had appeared in imitation of Playboy. Accounts differ as to when the first stories were published but it was almost certainly between 1960 and 1962, the earliest reported being an American Civil War-based story ("The Renegades") in the April 1962 issue of Sir Knight magazine. After the birth of his daughter, Meredith began to write with the intention of selling stories to the science fiction magazines. Numerous rejection slips followed until he was taken on by the Scott Meredith Literary Agency and then began to get short stories accepted for publication.

The Author
"Choice of Weapons" appeared in the March 1966 issue of Worlds of Tomorrow and more stories were published over the next two years as Meredith refined his writing style. Meredith's novella We All Died at Breakaway Station was published in the January and March 1969 issues of Amazing Stories. This appears to have drawn the attention of Ballantine Books, because later in the year they published Meredith's first novels: The Sky is Filled with Ships and a revised and expanded version of We All Died at Breakaway Station.

Meredith attended DeepSouthCon 8 in Atlanta, Georgia in 1970, a science fiction convention also known as "Agacon '70". During the convention he was awarded the first Phoenix Award for professional contributions to southern science fiction fandom.

Later life
1970 brought change in Meredith's life. He returned to education, first at Pensacola Junior College and later at the University of West Florida where he studied for a degree in English. Despite supporting his family by undertaking freelance writing and art-and-graphic design to supplement his "G.I. Bill" pension, Meredith had to drop out in 1972 to take a full-time job at the Press Gazette in nearby Milton. There, as production supervisor, he was responsible for editorial page cartoons, a regular human interest column and graphic design, as well as supervising the overall production of the newspaper.

Meredith's first hardcover novel At the Narrow Passage was published in 1973 by G.P. Putnam's Sons. This was followed by the publication of No Brother, No Friend (1976) and Vestiges of Time (1978) by Doubleday. The three novels are commonly referred to as The Timeliner Trilogy, but this series title was not applied until the books were reprinted in revised form by Playboy Press in 1979. Also notable from this period was the publication by Ballantine Books of Meredith's time travel novel Run, Come See Jerusalem! (1976).

Meredith underwent spinal surgery in the Fall of 1974 and did not return to work until January 1975 when he helped to found the Santa Rosa Free Press and served as editor. "Creative differences" with the publisher and the accidental drowning of his son Jeff in July 1975 led Meredith to take a brief sabbatical during which he returned to West Virginia. There he considered his future and worked on various writing projects including Run, Come See Jerusalem! and No Brother, No Friend, which he dedicated to his son.

Returning to Florida, Meredith spent some time working as a copy editor for the National Enquirer before deciding to work entirely on a freelance basis undertaking writing, illustration and graphic design work. Beyond science fiction, Meredith's interests included painting, drawing and history. He also wrote poetry and privately published a volume of erotic poetry.

Death and afterward
Meredith died unexpectedly on 8 March 1979, aged only 41, following a stroke brought on by a brain hemorrhage.

Prior to his death, St. Martin's Press had accepted Meredith's novel The Awakening for publication. The book, issued in June 1979, was a departure from Meredith's usual fare: it was a ghost story. The narrative runs along two timelines, one set during the American Civil War, while the other is set in 1970s Virginia, where the lead character shares a surprising number of parallels with Meredith himself. Meredith had also completed revisions to the three volumes of The Timeliner Trilogy to resolve some errors and inconsistencies in the storyline. Playboy Press published the trilogy in paperback over three months beginning in September 1979.

Meredith's science fiction novels were reprinted by Hamlyn/Arrow Books between 1985 and 1988, but have since fallen out of print. Filmmaker Robert H. Gwinn has announced plans to reprint the books as part of a promotional campaign supporting a film adaption of The Timeliner Trilogy.

The Timeliner Trilogy

 * At the Narrow Passage (1973, G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York; revised 1979, Playboy Press, Chicago)
 * No Brother, No Friend (1976, Doubleday & Company, New York; revised 1979, Playboy Press, Chicago)
 * Vestiges of Time (1978, Doubleday & Company, New York; revised 1979, Playboy Press, Chicago)
 * The Timeliner Trilogy (1987, Arrow Books, London, omnibus)

Other novels

 * The Sky is Filled with Ships (1969, Ballantine Books, New York)
 * We All Died at Breakaway Station (1969, Ballantine Books, New York; a shorter version had been serialized in Amazing Stories)
 * Run, Come See Jerusalem! (1976, Ballantine Books, New York)
 * The Awakening (1979, St. Martin's Press, New York)

Novellas, novelettes and short stories

 * "The Renegades" (Sir Knight, April 1962, v.3, n.4)
 * "The Slugs" (Knight, November 1962, v.3, n.10)
 * "Choice of Weapons" (Worlds of Tomorrow, March 1966, v.3, n.6, #18)
 * "To the War is Gone" (Worlds of Tomorrow, November 1966, v.4, n.2, #21)
 * "The Fifth Columbiad" (Worlds of Tomorrow, February 1967, v.4, n.3, #22)
 * "The Longest Voyage" (Fantastic, September 1967, v.17, n.1)
 * "We All Died at Breakaway Station" (Amazing, January & March 1969, v.42, n.5 & 6, serial; an expanded version was subsequently published by Ballantine Books)
 * "Hired Man" (If, February 1970, v.20, n.2, #14)
 * "Earthcoming" (The Future Is Now, ed. William F. Nolan, 1970, Sherbourne Press, Los Angeles)
 * "Time of the Sending" (If, November–December 1971, v.21, n.2, #157)
 * "Cold the Stars are, Cold the Earth" (Amazing, August 1978, v.51, n.4)

Essays

 * "An Autobiographical Sketch; August 6, 1975" (Starship, Summer 1979, v.16, n.3, #35)

title: Richard C. Meredith


text:
Talk:Gene Simmons

terry gross interview
I no longer edit wikipedia, but his interview with Terry Gross is available on NPR, whether he gave permission or not: https://freshairarchive.org/segments/gene-simmons 161.38.249.201 (talk) 20:06, 16 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gene Simmons


text:
Alexander Armstrong (disambiguation)

Alexander Armstrong (born 1970) is a British comedian and presenter.

Alexander Armstrong or Alex Armstrong may also refer to:

 * Sir Alexander Armstrong (Royal Navy officer) (1818–1899), British naval surgeon and explorer of the Arctic
 * Alexander Armstrong (Australian politician) (1916–1985), Australian politician
 * Alexander Armstrong (rugby union) (1897–1973), Australian rugby player
 * Alexander Armstrong (Maryland politician) (1877–1939), Attorney General of Maryland
 * Alex Louis Armstrong, fictional military officer in the Fullmetal Alchemist anime series

title: Alexander Armstrong (disambiguation)


text:
Inverness Airport

Inverness Airport (Port-adhair Inbhir Nis) is an international airport situated at Dalcross, Scotland, 7 NM north-east of Inverness. It is owned by Highlands and Islands Airports Limited (HIAL). The airport is the main gateway for travellers to Inverness and the North of Scotland with a range of scheduled services throughout the United Kingdom, and various scheduled services to Continental Europe. Charter and freight flights operate throughout the UK and Europe. Latest figures state 946,391 passengers passed through the airport in 2019. The airport is also headquarters to Dalcross Handling which now operates across Scotland.

Early years
The airfield was built by the Air Ministry in 1940 as Royal Air Force station Dalcross (RAF Dalcross), and was in use during the Second World War.

The following units were here at some point: • No. 1 Flying Instructors School RAF detachment between January and February 1942

• No. 2 Air Gunners School RAF (July 1941 - November 1945)

• No. 2 Central Flying School RAF (1941)

• No. 2 Flying Instructors School RAF detachment between February and April 1942 became No. 2 Flying Instructors School (Advanced) RAF detachment between April and November 1942 became No. 19 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit RAF (October 1942 - February 1944)

• No. 7 Gliding School RAF (July 1944 - September 1955)

• No. 8 Flying Training School RAF (May - July 1951) became No. 8 Advanced Flying Training School RAF (July 1951 - December 1953)

• No. 13 (Fighter) Group RAF (December 1945 - May 1946)

• No. 13 Group Anti-Aircraft Co-operation Flight RAF (August - October 1941)

• No. 13 Group Communication Flight RAF (December 1945 - May 1946)

• No. 41 Squadron RAF between 1 and 15 April 1946 with the Spitfire F.21

• No. 63 Squadron RAF detachment during 1942 with the Mustang I

• No. 88 (Hong Kong) Squadron RAF detachment during 1943 with the Boston IIIA

• No. 122 (Bombay) Squadron RAF between January and April 1946 re-equipping with the Spitfire F.21

• No. 614 (County of Glamorgan) Squadron RAuxAF detachment during 1941 with the Lysander II

• No. 662 Gliding School RAF detachment (March - December 1968)

• No. 663 Gliding School RAF (May - November 1968)

The airport was opened for civil operations in 1947. British European Airways, one of the predecessors of British Airways, commenced flights to London-Heathrow in the mid-1970s using a combination of Hawker Siddeley Trident jets and Vickers Viscounts. In the late 1970s and early 1980s there were two daily flights between Inverness and Heathrow; however, the route was discontinued in 1983 on the grounds of poor financial performance. Dan-Air inherited the service and offered a three-times daily service. The airline sustained the route adding links to London-Gatwick and Manchester in the late 1980s; however, these new services proved not to be successful and were discontinued.

When Dan Air was bought by British Airways in 1992, the flag carrier retained the service for a further five years, adding a fourth daily frequency shortly before withdrawing the link, amid considerable controversy and public anger, in autumn 1997. British Airways transferred the London service to Gatwick, operated by its subsidiary on a three-times daily basis using lower capacity BAe 146 regional jets. The emergence of EasyJet as a force in UK aviation coincided with the launch of a daily service to London-Luton in 1996. Other destinations and airlines were added including; (Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, East Midlands, Leeds/Bradford, Liverpool, Manchester and Newcastle), particularly after 2003, where HIAL's marketing efforts were assisted by route development fund support from the Scottish Executive. The Heathrow link was reinstated at a daily frequency in 2004 by BMI; however, the service was discontinued in March 2008, the airline citing rising costs at Heathrow as the reason.

Since 1974, Inverness has been serviced weekly by non-commercial routes with Lorient (the 1st fishing port of France ) in South Brittany. The companies Air Lorient, Diwan (Air Provence International) and Air Bretagne ensured the transport of sailors to the advanced bases in Scotland. Since 2005, Air ITM (Groupe Intermarché) has offered repatriation and replacement of sailors with a Hawker 400 jet aircraft.

Development since 2009
In 2004, Thomson Holidays launched a short series of peak season charter flights to Palma de Mallorca, Ibiza and Lanzarote using Spanair aircraft, flights to Palma were maintained (and Reus was added for a couple of seasons) through to 2010. Newmarket Holidays still operates various charters from Inverness on selected dates throughout the year. In June 2017 Thomson Holidays returned with peak seasonal flights to Palma once more, using a chartered Air Europa Boeing 737-800.

Ryanair cut its last routes to East Midlands and Liverpool in June 2009. Eastern Airways launched services to Manchester and Birmingham. However, when Flybe started flying the same routes in 2008, Eastern decided to withdraw.

International scheduled services proved difficult to successfully establish until the late 2000s, when a weekly seasonal service between Düsseldorf and Inverness commenced in summer 2009, operated by Lufthansa CityLine, and in 2011 when Flybe commenced daily operations to Amsterdam. The now-defunct Snowflake (a low-cost subsidiary of SAS) operated a twice-weekly service to Stockholm in the summer of 2004, however the service was withdrawn after a short period of operation, owing to lack of demand. KLM uk operated a daily service to Amsterdam via Edinburgh in 1997 but this was short-lived, lasting only a few months. ScotAirways launched a service to Amsterdam in 2001; however, this was withdrawn following the events of 11 September. A four-times-weekly service to Dublin was operated by Aer Arann between 2006 and 2008, before being withdrawn owing to escalating fuel prices.

The airport terminal is notable as an early example of the Public-private partnership favoured by the UK Government. HIAL was criticised for a PFI deal signed to build a new terminal at Inverness Airport. The deal signed by HIAL meant it had to pay £3.50 for every passenger flying from the airport to the PFI operator. In 2006, the PFI deal was cancelled, costing the Scottish Executive £27.5 million.

The airport is a hub on the Highlands and Islands network where flights between the islands, and other UK and European destinations connect. easyJet is currently the largest operator at Inverness, followed by Loganair.

The south apron, the main parking area for aircraft, was upgraded in May 2012 to improve access to the terminal by long-range aircraft. In November 2013 the airport's mile long runway was resurfaced and the taxiway extended, providing a link to the site of the Inverness Airport Business Park. However, the Business Park has struggled to become established.

On 3 May 2016, British Airways reinstated daily flights to Heathrow after an absence of 19 years. In the same month KLM Cityhopper launched daily flights to Amsterdam. Following the success of the route, it was increased to twice daily from March 2017. From March 2018, British Airways increased their flights to Heathrow from 7 to 10 weekly. Dalcross Handling, a local company, is the airline ground handler while Swissport operates the 'Aspire' business lounge in the Departure Lounge.

In anticipation of the greatly increased passenger capacity, HIAL announced a major expansion of the terminal building. This consisted of expansion of the departure lounge for additional seating and retail outlets, an extension containing a new international arrivals area, and an enlarged security search area.

On 13 November 2017, Loganair announced two new routes; a seasonal route to Norwich twice a week over the peak summer months, though this was scrapped three months before the planned launch. A new direct year-round service to Bergen was also announced. This service would operate 3 times weekly and would use the same BMI aircraft as the Manchester route, which allows same-plane service to Bergen for passengers from Manchester, along with the Inverness passengers.

In July 2018, HIAL announced that it was running an online poll to gauge public response to the idea of changing the airport's name to "Inverness Loch Ness Airport" to help boost tourism. However the public rejected the name change with 88% of those surveyed against it.

In 2021, HIAL released a master plan for development of the airport up to the year 2045. Plans include extending runway 05/23 by 323 m and construction of a new passenger terminal adjacent to the then proposed Inverness Airport railway station.

Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled flights to and from Inverness:

Accidents and incidents

 * On 19 November 1984, a EuroAir Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante G-HGGS crashed into the side of a hill 6.5 mi south of the airport. The pilot was killed in the crash and the aircraft damaged beyond repair. The plane was scheduled to deliver 2346 lb of mail to Edinburgh and took off at 20:55. Eyewitness accounts say a "dying orange glow" was seen in the area approximately 4 minutes after take-off. The AAIB report concludes that there was insufficient evidence to determine a cause to a reasonable amount of certainty.
 * On 19 January 2015, a Flybe Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 made an "uncontrollable slide" while the plane was exiting the runway. The AAIB investigation concluded that the incident was caused by a number of factors including the taxiway being wet with de-icing fluid, some patches of ice still existing on the tarmac and the plane having a "slightly higher than normal taxi speed". No one was injured and no damage was done to the aircraft.

Statistics
Inverness Airport had 700,012 passengers in 2022, which was an increase of 96% from 2021. Gatwick Airport was again the most popular destination with 216,298 passengers. This route accounts for more than thirty percent of all passenger traffic at Inverness Airport, with all London routes combined accounting for under sixty percent of passenger traffic. Shown below are the top ten destinations in 2022.

Hotels
A planning permission application was lodged for a 130-room development to be built at the Inverness Airport Business Park, near to the airport, that could provide hotel facilities. Construction commenced in January 2019, with the Courtyard by Marriott hotel finally opening in March 2020.

Bus
Bus services operate between Inverness Airport, Inverness, Nairn and Elgin. Stagecoach in Inverness run between the airport and Inverness city centre close to the railway station. Jet bus offers a 24-hour service between Inverness Centre and the Airport, every 20 min at peak times and then at the hour off peak Monday – Saturday.

Rail
Inverness Airport Railway Station on the Aberdeen-Inverness line opened on 2 February 2023 and serves the airport with a half-hourly bus connecting the two.

A new station at the airport was first approved in February 2017. In May 2021 Highland Council granted planning permission to Network Rail for a new two-platform station at the airport, but expressed reservations as a level crossing would be replaced with a bridge inaccessible to disabled people. One councillor, who noted the new bridge clashed with Transport Scotland guidance, described it as "low-quality infrastructure" and said it was "deeply shocking that we are getting infrastructure like that still [being] built."

In January 2023, it was announced the airport's railway station would open on 2 February 2023.

Road
The airport is 7 NM northeast of the city of Inverness just off the main A96 Aberdeen-Inverness trunk road.

Access from the A96 was previously by a single track road (suitable only for smaller vehicles) or alternatively by the B9093 Ardersier road. When the airport installed the new instrument landing system, the single track road had to be closed altogether. In April 2006 a new road, Inverness Airport Way, was opened providing full access to all vehicles from the airport direct to the A96. However most traffic still uses the old Ardersier road as it is far quicker. The new road skirts the western perimeter of the airport in a large loop and is provided with 'wig-wag' signals if road traffic needs to be stopped during aircraft landing/take off.

Taxis are available directly in front of the terminal building.

Highland Aviation Museum
This museum was situated in the Dalcross Industrial Estate immediately adjacent to the airport. It had 3 full aircraft (Hawker Hunter F.1 WT660, Blackburn Buccaneer S1 XK532 and Panavia Tornado GR1 ZA362) and several aircraft noses on display including Nimrod XV254. The museum was open to the public at weekends and bank holidays. Permanently closed from October 2019 with the aircraft sold on, XK532 remains on site with a more recent addition of Jet Provost T5A XW375.

Future
Highlands and Islands Airports have proposed the rebuilding of the terminal to accommodate a projected increase in passenger numbers to 1.8 million by 2045. The most expensive option, priced at between £34 and £55 million, would involve relocating the terminal buildings such that they are adjacent to the planned Dalcross railway station. An alternative proposal would see the existing terminal extended at a cost of £19 to £31 million. The Scottish Greens criticised the proposals, suggesting that the existing airport was adequate and that money should be invested in improving rail and bus links in the region instead.

title: Inverness Airport


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Emerging issues in IT audit

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:47, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

Emerging Issues in IT Audit
More of an advertisment than an encyclopedia article. Craigy (talk) 16:14, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep for now. Not vanity. This is part of a class project and several related pages have been put on VfD over the last week or so.  See Votes_for_deletion/IT_Audit_Resources.  Let's give it a little time.  The topic is certainly legitimate although the presentation is very un-wikilike. - DS1953 20:42, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Why should we keep articles just because they're class projects? Articles have to stand or fall on their own merits, and if the article is deleted, that should be an indication of the student's grade, hm?  Delete unless cleaned up to a Wikipedia-level article by the end of the voting period.  RickK 21:51, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. "Emerging Issues" articles bring to mind Avoid statements that will date quickly.  Anything worth keeping can be put in Information Technology Audit, which should be renamed to proper capitalization and calls for heavy cleanup. --Tabor 22:27, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Material not in form of an encyclopedic article, given the title and scope, doubt it can be. Dysprosia 00:06, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup.  The annual American Institute of Certified Public Accountants technology watchlist may be mundane, but it's a notable and credible information sourch.  The article itself needs to be transformed into encyclopedic style.Tobycat 05:57, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Reasons given above are reasons for cleanup, not deletion. ··gracefool |☺ 08:05, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-encyclopaedic. Comes off like a term paper and would need a lot of copy editing to make it encyclopedic. There are nuggets of useful information throughout, but more as notes for other articles than in some rehabilitated form of this one. I'd vote keep if "This article should be transwikied to Wikitermpapersource" were an option; anyone up for starting a new sister project ... :-) 66.167.141.93 04:15, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC) (contributor since May 2003).
 * Delete - For the purposes of this paper (research), Tone is huckster selling rheumatism medicine, Topic by it's nature will be out of date in a few months regardless. Fabartus 06:36, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, emerging issues topics are not encyclopedic. Rhobite 17:56, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Billy Mackenzie

William MacArthur MacKenzie (27 March 1957 – 22 January 1997) was a Scottish singer and songwriter, known for his distinctive high tenor voice. He was the co-founder and lead vocalist of post-punk and new wave band the Associates. He also had a brief solo career releasing his debut studio album, Outernational, in 1992, his only solo album released during his lifetime.

Biography
William MacArthur MacKenzie was born on 27 March 1957 in Dundee, Scotland. As a youngster, he lived on Park Avenue in the Stobswell area of the city. He attended St Mary's Forebank Primary School and St Michael's Secondary School. He led a peripatetic lifestyle, decamping to New Zealand at the age of 16, and travelling across America aged 17. Here he married Chloe Dummar, the sister-in-law of his Aunt Veronica. While MacKenzie was quoted as saying the marriage was made to stave off deportation so that he could sing with the New Orleans Gospel Choir – calling his wife a 'Dolly Parton type' – Dummar still believes the pair were in love. He left her after three months of marriage and returned to Dundee, and the two never had contact again. Chloe Dummar filed for divorce in 1980, and MacKenzie did not contest the filing. (Chloe's brother was Melvin Dummar, who claimed to be the "one sixteenth" beneficiary of the estate of Howard Hughes until the case was thrown out in 1978.)

MacKenzie returned to Scotland where he met Alan Rankine and in 1976 formed the Ascorbic Ones. They changed the name to Mental Torture and finally the Associates in 1979. Rankine left the Associates in 1982, but MacKenzie continued to work under the name for several years until he began releasing material under his own name in the 1990s.

MacKenzie came out as bisexual in an interview with Time Out magazine in 1994. Rankine noted in a 2016 interview with Dangerous Minds, "A lot of his songs are about his struggling with his gender and his sexuality." MacKenzie didn't publicly label his gender identity but was often seen cross-dressing, as noted by Jon Watson of NME magazine. On record, in the aforementioned Time Out interview, MacKenzie stated:

"'I'm just waiting for the day when we're all what we were intended to be... hermaphrodites.'"

Collaborations
MacKenzie collaborated with many other artists during his career. He had a fruitful partnership with Paul Haig of Josef K, the result being low key dates in Glasgow and Edinburgh during the mid-1980s, which mixed their own best known songs with covers of songs such as Sly and the Family Stone's "Runnin' Away" and Yoko Ono's "Walking on Thin Ice". Later the pair united to perform "Amazing Grace" on a Scots Hogmanay television programme, and each donated a song to the other's forthcoming studio album. "Chained" proved a highlight on the next Haig album, although MacKenzie's version of "Reach the Top" remained unreleased after the Associates' The Glamour Chase project was shelved by WEA. Following Mackenzie's untimely death in 1997 an entire album of Haig and MacKenzie material, Memory Palace, appeared on Haig's own label Rhythm of Life.

In 1987, he wrote lyrics for two tracks on Yello's fifth studio album One Second: "Moon on Ice", which he sang himself, and "The Rhythm Divine", which was sung by Shirley Bassey and was released as a single. A version sung by MacKenzie was released on the cassette and CD versions of Associates' Popera compilation album. MacKenzie also collaborated with B.E.F. (British Electric Foundation) for their two albums Music of Quality and Distinction Volume One (1982) & Volume Two (1991). His final recording was the song "Pain in Any Language", with electronic music group Apollo 440. The band made a dedication to Mackenzie in the album notes to the studio album Electro Glide in Blue (1997).

Death and legacy
On 22 January 1997, MacKenzie killed himself by overdosing on a combination of paracetamol and prescription medication in the dog kennel in the garden of a bungalow he owned at Auchterhouse, Angus. He was 39 years old. Depression and the death of his mother are believed to have contributed to his suicide.

He was the subject of a biography by Tom Doyle, The Glamour Chase, in 1998.

Siouxsie Sioux, a friend of MacKenzie, wrote the song "Say", revealing in the lyrics that they were going to meet just before his death. The song was released as a single by the Creatures in 1999, peaking at No. 72 on the UK Singles Chart. The Cure song "Cut Here" in 2001, written by Robert Smith, a friend of MacKenzie, is about the regret Smith felt about seeing MacKenzie a few weeks before his death backstage at a Cure concert, and not giving him any of his "precious time" and fobbing him off. For her fifth studio album Medúlla (2004), Icelandic singer Björk considered singing a beyond the grave duet with Mackenzie using recordings given to her by his father, but eventually decided against it. In 2006, Norwegian singer Jenny Hval, under the name Rockettothesky, released her debut single "Barrie for Billy MacKenzie" as a tribute. In the immediate aftermath of his death, his bandmate Alan Rankine and the label briefly considered resurrecting the band under the name The Associate.

Between 9 and 27 June 2009, a play entitled Balgay Hill about the story of MacKenzie's life was showing at Dundee Repertory Theatre, in Mackenzie's home town. It tells the story of his life through the eyes of four fictional characters, and the title of the play derives from the name of the Dundee cemetery where MacKenzie was buried.

The novel Spying on Strange Men by Carole Morin, contains the following section:

 * "I checked my face in the mirror, opened the book about Billy Mackenzie.
 * One day at Billy's house his dad brought in a cake and Billy said, 'That cake is like your aunty's hat.'
 * 'That image kept replaying in my mind, another memory of something I didn't witness, as James came out of the bathroom.
 * 'What are you reading?' he asked.
 * 'A book,' I said, flicking to the end where Billy kills himself and goes to sleep for ever in the dog basket."
 * 'What are you reading?' he asked.
 * 'A book,' I said, flicking to the end where Billy kills himself and goes to sleep for ever in the dog basket."
 * 'A book,' I said, flicking to the end where Billy kills himself and goes to sleep for ever in the dog basket."
 * 'A book,' I said, flicking to the end where Billy kills himself and goes to sleep for ever in the dog basket."

Morin said in an interview:"I was devastated by his death which is odd because I didn't know him. My husband did. Mackenzie's death affected me in a way that Ian Curtis's didn't. Curtis seemed born to die. Mackenzie should have outgrown his gloom and become an eccentric old man. I think our work is similar. It's the duality of glamour and spirituality in his voice that attracts me. His toughness and fragility; darkness and laughter. He could be a character from one of my books. I always meant to send him a copy of Dead Glamorous."

With the Associates

 * The Affectionate Punch (1980)
 * Fourth Drawer Down (1981)
 * Sulk (1982)
 * Perhaps (1985)
 * Wild and Lonely (1990)
 * The Glamour Chase (2002)

Albums

 * Outernational (1992), Circa
 * Beyond the Sun (1997), Nude – UK No. 64
 * Memory Palace (credited with Paul Haig) (1999), Rhythm of Life
 * Eurocentric (credited with Steve Aungle) (2001), Rhythm of Life
 * Auchtermatic (2005), One Little Indian
 * Transmission Impossible (2005), One Little Indian

Singles

 * "Baby" (1992), Circa
 * "Colours Will Come" (1992), Circa
 * "Pastime Paradise" (1992), Circa – promotional release only

Lead vocals

 * BEF's Music of Quality and Distinction Volume One album: "Secret Life of Arabia" and "It's Over" (1982)
 * Stephen Emmer's Vogue Estate album: duet with Martha Ladly on "Wish On" (1982)
 * Annie Lennox: duet on "The Best of You"; the original Perhaps sessions version, the re-recorded album featured Eddi Reader (1985) †
 * Sweden Through the Ages EP: It Helps to Cry (1986)
 * Yello's Snowball and the Sound of Yello: "Life Is a Snowball" (1987); unreleased promo CD
 * Yello's One Second album: "Moon On Ice" (1987) †
 * Yello "The Rhythm Divine" (version 2): special limited edition 12" single (MERXR253) featuring MacKenzie's lead vocals in place of Shirley Bassey's (1987); the same recording later appeared on the Popera album (1990). "Norma Jean", a variation of "The Rhythm Divine" song with different lyrics originally recorded for an unfinished project by Yello's Dieter Meier about Marilyn Monroe, was released as track 9 from his Auchtermatic CD compilation (One Little Indian - TPLP442CD, 2004)
 * Uno's self-titled album: Cinemas of the World (1987), as well as the single of the same name
 * Holger Hiller's Oben Im Eck album: title track and version, "We Don't Write Anything On Paper or So", and "Whippets" single (1987)
 * Yello's Baby album: "Capri Calling" (1991)
 * BEF's Music of Quality and Distinction Volume Two album: "Free". (1991) "Free" also appears on the 1998 BEF 'Best Of' album, later reissued by Disky in 2001
 * Loom's "Anacostia Bay" single (1996) † ‡
 * Barry Adamson's Oedipus Schmoedipus album: "Achieved in the Valley of the Dolls" (1996) ‡
 * Apollo 440's Electro Glide in Blue album: "Pain in Any Language" (1997) † ‡
 * "Put This Right" – Co-written by Laurence Jay Cedar and Billy MacKenzie. (1996)
 * "Deamanda" – Co-written by Laurence Jay Cedar and Billy MacKenzie. (1996)

† lyrics by Mackenzie ‡ also appear on Auchtermatic
 * Unreleased tracks "Sinking Deeper" and "The Hungry Look" recorded 1980 under the name Strange News. Billy, Steve Reid and rhythm section Andy and Gavin. Only copies of tracks exist.

Backing vocals
(6 of MacKenzie's Yello tracks later released on the Essential Yello album) (1992)
 * The track "Fields" on the Joy album by fellow Scottish band Skids: "Fields" single (7" and 12" mixes) (Virgin, 1981) also released on Skids' Dunfermline CD (1987)
 * Yello's One Second album: the singles "Call It Love", "The Rhythm Divine", and 'Goldrush' (1987)
 * Yello's Flag album:, the single "Of Course I'm Lying", and "Otto Di Catania" (1988)
 * Jih's Take Me to the Girl single >, title track plus "Come Summer Come Winter" and "Wake Up" (1988)
 * Boris Grebenshchikov's Radio Silence album/single: "That Voice Again" (1989)
 * Yello's Baby album: "Drive/Driven" and the single "Rubberbandman" (1991)
 * Siobhan Fahey: "Do I Scare You" (1996) unreleased until 2004 when it first appeared on Shakespears Sister's 'Best Of' double CD, and then on the "3" album in 2005
 * Peach – Audiopeach album: "Deep Down Together" and "Give Me Tomorrow" credited as the MacArthurettes with Caragh McKay (1998)
 * Paul Haig "Listen to Me" single (1997)> = lyrics by MacKenzie

Other credits

 * Orbidöig's "Nocturnal Operations" single: Mackenzie played tubular bells (1981) – this single was reissued in 1984, credited as the Sensational Creed
 * Sweden Thru the Ages "It Helps to Cry" single, produced by Mackenzie (1986)
 * Paul Haig Chain album: "Chained", lyrics by Mackenzie, performed by Haig (1989)

title: Billy Mackenzie


text:
Talk:Redonda

should merge
Should merge with "Kings of Redonda". 16:18, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps "Kings of Redonda" should be merged here, as Redonda should retain its own article. --Golbez 21:47, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Better to merge the whole lot into Antigua and Barbuda. It doesn't rate more than a footnote, and the pretenders to the throne less than that.  82.152.46.201 22:46, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

Merge Proposal
I wish to merge this article into Kingdom of Redonda. Both articles are too small to stand alone, and it makes more sense to merge the island into the kingdom than the kingdom into the island since the kingdom is the reason that it is well known. Is this acceptable? Syrae Faileas 18:02, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm... looks like the German version of this page has a lot more information about Redonda as an island and its history. I may want to merge the Kingdom into this article instead.  Either way, there's gonna be a merge and redirect.  I'm not going to do anything for at least a week to allow for discussion. Syrae Faileas - « Talk » 23:15, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've done a little reading on this now, and it seems that the island of Redonda and the Kingdom of Redonda are no longer related. They should definitely not be merged. If any merging is to be done, I'd suggest Redonda be merged into Antigua and Barbuda. --YuvalOren 12:08, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Rotten Parish?
How can it be a parish if it unenhabitted?
 * It's a dependency, not a parish. It's an odd little island with an odd history. --YuvalOren 12:12, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Conflicting Information on the area of the island
CIA World Factbook says Redonda is 1.6 sq. km. while the US Library of Congress Country Studies say 2.6 sq. km. --YuvalOren 12:12, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

I suspect this is because it is extremely difficult to measure the area of an island that protrudes so extremely steeply from the sea, going from 0 feet to nearly 1,000 feet in less than half a mile. How do you calculate the actual area? Do you include the faces of the slopes that are so steep that they are nearly but not quite sheer cliff? Or do you only include the somewhat flatter areas on top of the island? See what I mean? Invertzoo (talk)

Removed tacked-on hoax info about the "king" debate
I removed this, which was tacked on to the reference section: "The claim by William Timlin is spurious and is enertegically denied by the Citizens of Redonda. The current holder of the title is William Gates - fifth King of Redonda  who received by Deed of Irrevocable Covenant October 26th 1989. He has since proclaimed the Kingdom an Empire. Transfer is in perpetuity. The Title has now become hereditary and will pass to his children."

Note that:

1. This article is about the island, not about the micronation. For information on the micronation of Redonda, please see Kingdom of Redonda

2. Wikipedia can have, and does have, articles about various notable tall tales and hoaxes which have genuine encyclopedic value, such as for example, the Piltdown Man, but Wikipedia is emphatically not an arena where hoax information can be presented as if it was factual. Please see WP:HOAX

Thanks. Invertzoo (talk) 16:04, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

Goat and rat removal 2010s
Let us add it to Fauna. Zezen (talk) 16:52, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:18, 23 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Antigua and Barbuda location map Topographic.png

im confused
how come the island was left unhabitable in 1929 because of a hurricane but when you go to the 1929 Atlantic hurricane season page and look at the map. there isnt a storm close to the island????? 201.204.89.42 (talk) 17:17, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Redonda


text:
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)

Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road) is a government-aided Methodist all-boys' secondary school located at Barker Road in Newton, Singapore. It is a member of the Anglo-Chinese family of schools in Singapore. It offers the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level and SBB full subject based banding G1 G2 G3course for its students from Sec 1 to Sec 4/5. Students may then move on to Anglo-Chinese Junior College or Anglo-Chinese School (Independent). It has provided opportunities for its feeder students to continue with an ACS Education at a secondary level. ACS was also the first school in Singapore to have a flower named after it, the Ascocenda Anglo-Chinese School orchid, a hybrid created by the school to mark its 116th Founder's Day on 1 March 2002. ACS has many partner schools such as Anglo-Chinese School (Junior) and Anglo Chinese Junior College. The school is close to Newton MRT station.

It was a full school which subsumed Anglo-Chinese School (Primary) as its primary school section until 1998, when the school split into two. The school has been based at the newly rebuilt Barker Road campus since 2003. Its current principal is Mr. Khoo Tse Horng, while long-serving principal Mr. Ng Eng Chin is now retired and Mr. Peter Tan Chong Tze became principal of Queensway Secondary School until 2023. Mr. Loo Ming Yaw headed the school as Principal from 2018 to 2023 before his posting as principal of Millennia Institute in January 2024.

Barker Road campus

In 1999, ACS (Barker Road) moved out of the campus after a closing ceremony on 4 November, to allow the campus to be redeveloped. An issue developed after plans were revealed to dismantle the historic Art Deco clock tower facing Dunearn Road due to safety concerns. This conflict was resolved and the dismantling went ahead. A replica now stands 20 metres from the old clock tower, with the original clock mechanism installed in the new tower.

The 5.2-hectare campus now contains the primary and secondary blocks of ACS (Primary) and ACS (Barker Road) respectively. In between the primary and secondary buildings is an administrative block housing the administrative office as well as the two libraries. The landscaped, open-air Student Plaza links the three buildings together. The cafeteria, bookstore, CCA rooms and Music Studios are one floor below the Plaza. The Arts Centre contains the Mrs Lee Choon Guan Concert Hall, Tan Cheng Siong Drama Theatre and the Lee Kong Chian Auditorium which can seat 830, 270 and 1,200 respectively.

The sports complex also sits on the campus, containing the Shaw Pool and the Tan Chin Tuan Sports Hall. The Sports Hall has three basketball courts, a racket centre, full recreational facilities including a gym and changing rooms. The Olympic-size pool has eight lanes. The Transport Centre/carpark is below the complex.

Barker Road Methodist Church and the Methodist Centre (housing the Methodist Church in Singapore) have also been relocated to the redeveloped Barker Road campus. ACS Oldham Hall has also been renovated with improved facilities, such as air-conditioning in some rooms, a cafeteria, and the capacity to house 500 borders. The Barker Road campus was designed by SAA Architects Pte and the entire project cost was S$95 million, of which S$15 million had to be raised by the school. In 2004, the campus won the CIDB Award for Construction Excellence.

Construction is underway for a new sports facility featuring two indoor sports halls and an artificial field, known as the AstroTurf. Along with this, a new 7-story building is being built for academic purposes, near the site of the clock tower. Construction was expected to be completed by the end of 2020, however due to Covid-19 the project was delayed.

Notable alumni

 * Nathan Hartono, singer-songwriter

title: Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)


text:
Zarzal

Zarzal is a city and municipality in the north of the department of Valle del Cauca in Colombia. Its economy is based primarily on the extensive cultivation of sugar cane, on small and medium enterprises in the metallurgic sector, and on utilities. Commerce is also of great importance, because a great number of warehouses for basic necessity goods exist in the city. A marketplace also exists, which serves as reference for various cities that are close by. Zarzal municipality has a population of about 42,000. New city districts were constructed in the center of the city; it has now become difficult to find bare land inside the city.

Geography
The territory is mostly flat within the valley of the Cauca River, a river that flows into La Paila River. The municipality is also home to the forest of the Caracolíes, Los Chorros, Cumba recreational park, La Paila river, Mount Caré and Mount Pan de Azúcar.

Climate
Zarzal has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am), bordering on a tropical rainforest climate (Af), although it is relatively dry for those climate types due to the influence of shielding by the Andean cordilleras.

Economy
The municipality of Zarzal is one of the region with most production of sugar cane and sugar refineries. The municipality is home to two major companies; the Rio Paila Sugar Company and the Colombina Candy Factory.

Besides the cane and sugar production other agricultural products are produced in the municipality: plantain, yuca, cotton, maize, sorghum, sugar cane, soy, grapes, papaya, passionfruit, pitaya, citrus like oranges and limes, mango, guava, avocado and chontaduro. Some 200 sqkm are used for cattle raising and 0.1 sqkm for a small industrial fishing industry that produces tilapia, cachama, peacock bass and bocachico.

Higher education
The Zarzal satellite of the Universidad del Valle (University of Valle)  has a population of 1200 students in all of its academic programs, as well as its own Universidad del Valle site. It was founded in 1986 and operates in an area known for its heavy agricultural activity. The Zarzal satellite offers academic programs that strengthen the development of the region. It serves people in the areas of Andalucía, Bolívar, Bugalagrande, El Dovio, La Unión, Obando, Roldanillo, Versalles, Toro, and Zarzal. Different social organizations that exist in many of these municipalities have participated, or at least were evaluated, in local development projects.

On April 1, 2011 the city's mayoral office has donated a lot in the city's south zone that lies near the small town of La Paila. This lot extends to a length of four to five Hectares and will house the University Campus of the Zarzal Regional Seat. This decision occurred during the Zarzal Satellite Hearing, which was presided over by the only notary of the city of Zarzal, dean Iván Enrique Ramos Calderón, Zarzal satellite director Cecilian Madriñan Polo, the mayor, the city council, and the university community.

The new campus will have classrooms, auditoriums, laboratories (for investigation, languages, foods, electronics, mathematics, and systems) and areas for sport and cultural activities (theatres, sport fields/courts, a gymnasium, and a pool) that will cater to the needs of the students in the municipality of Zarzal and its surrounding area of influence.

title: Zarzal


text:
Wikipedia:Scripts/chatzilla/wikilinks2.js

//


text:
James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran

James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran and 2nd Lord Hamilton (c. 1475 – 1529) was a Scottish nobleman, naval commander and first cousin of James IV of Scotland. He also served as the 9th Lord High Admiral of Scotland.

Early life
He was the elder of two sons of James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton, and his wife, Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran. Mary was a daughter of King James II of Scotland and his Queen consort Mary of Guelders, and a sister of King James III of Scotland.

Hamilton succeeded to his father's lordship, inheriting his lands when his father died in 1479. In 1489 his first cousin King James IV made him Sheriff of Lanark, a position his father had previously held, and a Scottish Privy Counsellor. By 28 April 1490 he was married to Elizabeth Home, daughter of Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home.

Naval career
Between April and August 1502, Hamilton commanded a naval fleet sent to help King Hans of Denmark, James IV's uncle, defeat a Swedish-Norwegian rebellion. He negotiated James's marriage to Margaret Tudor and was present at the wedding on 8 August 1503. On the same day Lord Hamilton was created Earl of Arran, with the formal grant three days later, "for his nearness of blood" and his services at the time of the marriage. He was appointed Lieutenant General of Scotland and in May 1504 commanded a naval expedition to suppress an uprising in the Western Isles.

In September 1507, James IV sent Hamilton as his ambassador on a diplomatic mission to the court of Louis XII of France. When returning in early 1508, he was briefly detained in the Kingdom of England by Henry VII, who was suspicious of a renewal of the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France.

When Henry VIII of England joined the War of the League of Cambrai by invading France in 1513, Scotland came under pressure to support France against England. Hamilton was given command of the Scottish naval fleet. He first sailed to Ulster and attacked Carrickfergus, the main English stronghold there. The fleet then sailed to France, arriving there in September 1513, too late to be much help as the Scottish army had been defeated at the Battle of Flodden in England on 9 September, with James IV being killed in battle.

Politician
During the minority of King James V, Hamilton opposed Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus and the English party. He plotted against the Regent John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany, and was president of the council of regency during Albany's absence in France from 1517 to 1520. The same year he led an expedition to the border to punish the murderers of the French knight Antoine d'Arces ("De la Bastie").

He was defeated in an attempt to overpower Angus in the streets of Edinburgh in 1520, a riot known as "Cleanse the Causeway". He was again a member of the council of regency in 1522 and Lieutenant of the South. He joined the Queen Dowager Margaret Tudor in ousting Albany and proclaiming James V in 1524.

In the same year, Hamilton was compelled by Henry VIII of England to readmit Angus to the council. He supported Angus against John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox in 1526 at the Battle of Linlithgow Bridge, but on the escape of James V from the Douglases, Hamilton received Bothwell from Angus's forfeited estates.

Marriage and children
James Hamilton was married firstly, around 1490, to Elizabeth Home, daughter of Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home by his second wife, Nichola Ker. The marriage was dissolved in 1506, when it was found that her first husband Thomas Hay, a son of John Hay, 1st Lord Hay of Yester, was still alive at the time of the wedding.

In November 1504, Hamilton had been granted a divorce from Elizabeth Home on the grounds that she had previously been married to Thomas Hay. Hay had apparently left the country and was thought to be dead when Hamilton married Home, in or before 1490, but in fact he did not die until 1491 or later. This award of divorce was repeated in 1510, suggesting that Hamilton had continued living with her, after 1504, and was held by some to undermine the dissolution of the first marriage as invalid. It is likely that the real motive for divorcing Elizabeth was that she had not born any children, and that Hamilton wanted a legitimate heir; he already had several illegitimate children, his eldest illegitimate son being James Hamilton of Finnart. The complicated legal issues of the first marriage would continue to trouble his heir, whose legitimacy was questioned by his rivals in 1543.

Hamilton was married secondly, in November 1516, to Janet Bethune, daughter of Sir David Betoun of Creich, and widow of Sir Robert Livingstone of Easter Wemyss, who had been killed at the Battle of Flodden. Arran and Janet Bethune had at least four children:
 * Lady Helen Hamilton, who married Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll.
 * James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran, who later became Duke of Châtelherault and governor of Scotland, during the minority of Mary, Queen of Scots.
 * Lady Janet Hamilton, who married Alexander Cunningham, 5th Earl of Glencairn.
 * A son, name unknown.

Hamilton had further illegitimate issue.
 * James Hamilton of Finnart
 * Elizabeth Hamilton, who married Thomas of Kirkton Weir (born c. 1570).
 * John Hamilton, Archbishop of St Andrews and treasurer of Scotland.

Children of James Hamilton and his mistress, Beatrix Drummond, daughter of John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond and Lady Elizabeth Lindsay:
 * Margaret Hamilton, who married Andrew Stewart, 2nd Lord Avondale and 1st Lord Ochiltree.
 * Sir John Hamilton of Samuelston (aka Clydesdale John), who married Janet Home, only legitimate daughter and heiress of Alexander Home, 3rd Lord Home and Lady Agnes Stewart.

title: James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran


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Wat (food)

Wat or wet (ወጥ, ) or ito (Oromo: Ittoo) or tsebhi (ጸብሒ, ) is an Ethiopian and Eritrean stew that may be prepared with chicken, beef, lamb, a variety of vegetables, spice mixtures such as berbere (hot variety), and niter kibbeh, a seasoned clarified butter.

Overview
Several properties distinguish wats from stews of other cultures. Perhaps the most obvious is an unusual cooking technique: the preparation of a wat begins with chopped onions slow cooked, without any fat or oil, in a dry skillet or pot until much of their moisture has been driven away. Fat (usually niter kibbeh) is then added, and the onions and other aromatics are sautéed before the addition of other ingredients. This method causes the onions to break down and thicken the stew.

Wat is traditionally eaten with injera, a spongy flat bread made from the millet-like grain known as teff. There are many types of wats. The popular ones are doro wat and siga wat, (Amharic: ሥጋ śigā) made with beef.

Doro wat (wett)
Doro wat (ዶሮ ወጥ dōrō we̠t’, ጸብሒ ደርሆ  Tsebhi derhō ), is a spicy stew made of chicken. The cooking often (but not always) includes the addition of peeled but undivided hard-boiled egg. It is the most popular traditional food in Eritrea and Ethiopia. Considered the national dish, it is the food of choice during formal and informal gatherings, eaten together as part of a group who share a communal bowl and basket of injera.

Misir wat
Misir wat is a lentil stew; its key ingredients include split red lentils, garlic, onions, and spices. It is a popular vegan dish, and in high demand during fasting periods for Orthodox Christians.

Sanbat wat
A Jewish version of doro wat is eaten by the Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jews) called "sanbat wat" (Sabbath wat). Sanbat wat is a traditional Shabbat dish. In order to avoid mixing of meat and dairy, vegetable oil can be used as a pareve substitute in lieu of ghee. Yeqimem zeyet, a form of niter kibbeh made from vegetable oil, can also be used.

title: Wat (food)


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Grace Ingalls

Grace Pearl Ingalls Dow (May 23, 1877, in Burr Oak, Iowa – November 10, 1941, in Manchester, South Dakota) was the fifth and last child of Caroline and Charles Ingalls. She was the youngest sister of Laura Ingalls Wilder, known for her Little House on the Prairie books.

Biography
Following public school, Grace Ingalls studied to become a schoolteacher. After completing her training, she taught in the nearby town of Manchester, South Dakota, seven miles west of De Smet, South Dakota, where her family had settled. On October 16, 1901, she married Nathan William Dow in the parlor of her parents' home in De Smet. Besides being a farm wife, Dow dabbled in journalism like her older sister Carrie, acting as a stringer for several local newspapers later in her life. After her parents' deaths, she and Carrie took care of their eldest sister Mary, who was blind.

Dow died of complications from diabetes in Manchester, South Dakota, on November 10, 1941, at age 64. Diabetes ran in the Ingalls family and Laura, Carrie, and Grace all died from the complications of the disease, Dow being the first Ingalls sibling to succumb. She is buried near the Ingalls family plot at De Smet Cemetery in De Smet, South Dakota; her husband is buried next to her. The couple had no children.

In the media
Dow was portrayed in the television adaptations of Little House on the Prairie by:
 * Uncredited children at first and then twins Wendi and Brenda Turnbaugh in the television series Little House on the Prairie
 * Courtnie Bull and Lyndee Probst in Beyond the Prairie: The True Story of Laura Ingalls Wilder.

title: Grace Ingalls


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Talk:RepRap

Signal for more Wikipedian attention
In response to the recent attention from outside the Wikimedia community I have requested extra attention from inside the Wikipedia. See posts at  Blue Rasberry   (talk)  19:48, 23 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Village_pump_(miscellaneous)/Archive_52
 * Conflict_of_interest/Noticeboard/Archive_98
 * I've been tightening up the prose a bit, and converting to the past tense. But I haven't removed much. I did tone down the "self-reproducing" part as hype - it only makes some of the plastic fittings; it can't make motors, shafts, or ICs. John Nagle (talk) 00:51, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
 * You've also claimed, unsourced, that "the company behind" RepRap has closed down (and you were a year out too). FFS!  Hasn't this article attracted enough bad publicity for WP already without wild errors like this?  Andy Dingley (talk) 01:07, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
 * That's what their site says.. Is that not correct? John Nagle (talk) 01:58, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
 * That's correct for RepRapPro, the problem is that RepRapPro are very far from being "the company behind" RepRap. Andy Dingley (talk) 09:19, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Is there another organization? RepRap China?  A nonprofit? "germanreprap.com"? The "reprap.org" wiki run by Adrian Bower? The article is vague on the organizational structure. Maybe we need something like "RepRap is a distributed cooperative project started by ..."  John Nagle (talk) 19:09, 24 March 2016 (UTC)

Strength of materials
In the article: "The mechanical properties of RepRap printed PLA and ABS have been tested and have been shown to be equivalent to the tensile strengths of proprietary printers.[22]" This is misleading. The test was only for the strong direction: “This study only looked at the tensile strength in the plane of the print bed, next we need to expand this study to look at interlayer adhesion.” Did they ever test strength in the weak direction (across layers)? There are lots of forum posts about breakage in the weak direction. John Nagle (talk) 02:56, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Layer lamination strength, or interlayer adhesion strength, will change drastically based on the printing process. Because of the high variability, you can't accurately predict material properties for Z axis delamination in any Material Extrusion prints. What is possible is qualifying a specific combination of printer, material, settings, temperatures, and environment with a printed test coupon. From there you can test the coupon and provide accurate predictions for material strength.

 * I would add this to whatever wiki page we are fighting about, but I am ZERO% interested in a wiki edit war fueled by wikicrats. As a reprap user and additive manufacturing professional, I'm sure all my pertinent knowledge is some sort of conflict of interest. Better to have the noobs write wikipedia. Eagleapex (talk) 13:17, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Because of the high variability, you can't accurately predict material properties for Z axis delamination in any Material Extrusion prints. That's worth mentioning if it can be cited. There are lots of references but a WP:RS reliable source is hard to find. (The fundamental problem is that you're trying to weld a hot thing to a cold thing, which never works very well.)  John Nagle (talk) 19:21, 24 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:RepRap


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Sheffield Park (UK Parliament constituency)

Sheffield Park was a Parliamentary constituency in the City of Sheffield, England. The constituency was created in 1918 and abolished in 1983. The area formerly covered by this constituency is now mostly in the Sheffield Central constituency.

Boundaries
1918–1950: The County Borough of Sheffield wards of Heeley and Park.

1950–1955: The County Borough of Sheffield wards of Manor, Moor, Park, and Sharrow.

1955–1974: The County Borough of Sheffield wards of Burngreave, Manor, Moor, and Park.

1974–1983: The County Borough of Sheffield wards of Burngreave, Castle, Manor, Park, and Sharrow.

Elections in the 1940s
In the 1942 by-election, Thomas Burden was elected unopposed.


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Talk:List of prototype World War II infantry weapons

Mindspillage (spill yours?) 16:25, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)


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Talk:Hullabaloo Soundtrack

Soundtrack?
Can anyone explain in what way Hullabaloo is a 'soundtrack'? Damiancorrigan 12:12, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

hmm maybe its the soundtrack to the live DVD?

 * It says "Hullabaloo Soundtrack" on the cover of the double CD set. I think that could be because the live CD is a shortened version of the concert on the DVD. Satan's Rubber Duck 19:06, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The b-sides featured on the first disk of the Double CD Album are used as a 'soundtrack' of sorts to the road footage included on disk 2 of the DVD, hence 'Hullabaloo Soundtrack' Miranda07 03:13, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

rename
I renamed this article from Hullabaloo (Muse album) to Hullabaloo Soundtrack. The latter is the official name of the album as given on Muse's web site, the album itself, and in other places. -/- Warren 21:06, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * This has caused confusion. The album is called Hullabaloo Soundtrack as it serves as the soundtrack to the DVD, which is itself just called Hullabaloo. I think it would be benefical to rename the article as Hullabaloo, but state the seperate name of the album, or to split the article into 'Hullabaloo' [the DVD] and 'Hullabaloo Sountrack' [the ablum]. 82.22.163.222 19:39, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

Agitated
Does anyone know where this song came from? Bdifjb 18:13, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * B-Side to Uno (song). Keytar Shredder : Talk To Me  19:37, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

Hidden tracks
When I play my copy of the hullabaloo soundtrack on windows media player there are hidden tracks played. CD 1 has a track hidden between 'ashamed' and 'the gallery' called 'Jimmy Kane'. Also CD 1 doesnt appear to have 'Forced in' on it, yet it is listed on the CD cover.

What is he thinking
Does anyone know if the intro bit off the dvd is a refernce to something, like, is it from a movie or is a reading from a novel or something? 'cause it seems a tad random to just have written it and then got someone to record it and then used it to open their show.121.44.222.141 04:25, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hullabaloo Soundtrack


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Berthold Carl Seemann

Berthold Carl Seemann (25 February 1825, in Kingdom of Hanover – 10 October 1871, in Nicaragua) was a German botanist. He travelled widely and collected and described plants from the Pacific and South America.

In 1844 he travelled to the United Kingdom to study botany at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. On the recommendation of Sir WJ Hooker, he was appointed naturalist on the voyage of exploration of the American west coast and Pacific by Henry Kellett on HMS Herald, 1847–1851, along with the naturalists Thomas Edmondston, and John Goodridge. The expedition returned via Hawaii, Hong Kong and the East Indies, calling at the Cape in March 1851. Here he met up with his old acquaintance Zeyher, and with Baur and Juritz they climbed Table Mountain on 13 March 1851, Ecklon being unwell and unable to accompany them. On 16 March Zeyher introduced him to Bowie at Wynberg. He left the Cape on 27 March and was back in England on 6 June 1851. The botanical results of the voyage were published as Botany of the Voyage of HMS Herald and he was awarded a Ph.D. by the University of Göttingen in 1853.

In 1859 he travelled to Fiji. Based on his travels he wrote Viti: An Account of a Government Mission to the Vitian or Fijian Islands in the Years 1860-1, and a botanical catalogue of the flora of the islands, entitled Flora Vitiensis: a description of the plants of the Viti or Fiji Islands with an account of their history and properties. This was published in 10 parts between 1865 and 1873. In this work, Seeman named and described 204 of the 297 currently identified plant species. It was the foundation for Flora Vitiensis Nova, published by Albert C. Smith from 1979 to 1991. In the 1860s he visited South America, travelling in Venezuela in 1864 and Nicaragua from 1866 to 1867. He later managed a sugar estate in Panama and the Javali gold mine in Nicaragua, where he finally succumbed to malaria.

He started and edited the journal Bonplandia from 1853–1862 and the Journal of Botany, British and Foreign from 1863–1871.

"Revision of the natural order Hederaceae" was a series of articles written by Seemann on what is now called the family Araliaceae. They appeared in the Journal of Botany, British and Foreign from 1864 to 1868. In 1868, Seemann published a book by the same title. It contained some original material, as well as reprints of the articles. It was the definitive work on Araliaceae until Hermann Harms published his monograph on the family in Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien in 1898.

The plant genus Seemannia Regel. (Gesneriaceae), Seemannantha Alef. and Seemannaralia R. Viguier (Araliaceae) were named in his honour.

title: Berthold Carl Seemann


text: User talk:62.167.89.64

title: User talk:62.167.89.64