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List of South African military chiefs

This article lists the South African military chiefs. From 1958 until the first democratic general election in 1994, the present-day South African National Defence Force was known as the South African Defence Force. From 1912 to 1958, the South African military was known as the Union Defence Force.

In terms of section 202(1) of the Constitution of South Africa, the military command of the Defence Force consists of the Chief of the Defence Force plus the Chiefs of the combat arms (Army, Air Force and Navy) as well as
 * the Surgeon-General of the South African Military Health Service;
 * the Chief of Joint Operations of the Defence Force;
 * the Chief of Defence Intelligence;
 * the Chief of Human Resources; and
 * the Chief of Logistics.

Head of the Defence Force
The Defence Force consists of the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Medical Service (which was renamed Military Health Service in 1998). The Chief of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) is the senior military commander and the chiefs of the four services, in addition to the chiefs of Joint Operations, Defence Intelligence, and Corporate Staff, report to him. the Chief of the SANDF is General Solly Shoke.

Chief of the UDF
The Union Defence Force (UDF) consisted initially of land forces. An aviation corps was formed in 1915 and replaced by the South African Air Force in 1920. A naval branch was added in 1922, and the South African Division of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve was incorporated into it in 1942.

In 1951, the defence forces were reorganised into three distinct combat services: the South African Army, the South African Air Force, and the South African Navy. The organisation was renamed "South African Defence Force" in 1958.

The UDF had no overall commander for the first nine and a half years. From January 1922, the Chief of the General Staff, previously responsible only for the Defence Headquarters staff, was the executive commander of the UDF. The title was changed to 'Commandant General UDF' in September 1956.

Chief of the SADF
The UDF was renamed 'South African Defence Force' in November 1958. The Commandant General's title was then changed to 'Commandant General SADF'. It was changed to 'Chief of the SADF' in July 1973, after Admiral Hugo Biermann assumed the post the year before. After South Africa's first democratic election, the South African Defence Force (SADF) became the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

Chief of the SANDF
The SADF amalgamated with the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), and the homeland defence forces to form the South African National Defence Force in 1994. The SANDF was based on the existing SADF structure of Army, Air Force, Navy, and Medical Service (which was renamed Military Health Service in 1998).

Chief of the Army
The Chief of the South African Army is the professional head of the Army. There was no separate army commander until 1948. The post was called 'Director-General of Land Forces' 1948–51 and 'Army Chief of Staff' 1951–66, and has been 'Chief of the Army' since 1966.

Lieutenant General Werndly van der Riet and Major General Mannetjies de Goede spent some time acting as Chief of the Army.

Chief of the Air Force
The Chief of the South African Air Force is the professional head of the Air Force. The post was called 'Director of Air Services' 1920–33, 'Director of Air & Technical Services' 1937–39, 'Director-General of Air Services' 1939–41, 'Director-General of the Air Force' 1941–51, and 'Air Chief of Staff' 1951–66, and has been 'Chief of the Air Force' since 1966.

Chief of the Navy
The Chief of the South African Navy is the professional head of the Navy. The post was called 'Officer Commanding South African Naval Service' 1922–32, 'Director, Seaward Defence Force' 1940–42, 'Director, South African Naval Forces' 1942–51, 'Naval & Marine Chief of Staff' 1951–55, and 'Naval Chief of Staff' 1955–66, and has been 'Chief of the Navy' since 1966.

! colspan=7|Position of the Chief of the Navy did not exist from 1932 to 1939
 * -style="text-align:center;"

Surgeon General
The Surgeon General is the Chief of the South African Military Health Service (SAMHS), which was known as the South African Medical Service (SAMS) before 1994.

!colspan=7|South African Medical Service
 * -style="text-align:center;"

!colspan=7|South African Military Health Service
 * -style="text-align:center;"

Chief of Corporate Staff
The Chief of Corporate Staff is responsible for the provision of all staff services for the SANDF.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of South African military chiefs


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Talk:Walt Disney Studios Park

Sister park
Can someone find a source that explains how this park is a "Sister Park" to Disney's Hollywood Studios and Disney California Adventure. When I googled to find more information on Walt Disney Studios Park's "Sister Parks" this wiki was the first result and the second being a trip advisor review. Was the person who wrote this trying to explain that these two parks share the same theme? Also why is Disney California Adventure mentioned as a "Sister Park" in the intro but not in the "Sister Park" section? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bdonan (talk • contribs) 20:57, 20 May 2018 (UTC)

Do we need to list every ride in each Studio Lot?
It seems unnecessary to list every ride and restaurant in a section when there is an article dedicated to that. See List of Walt Disney Studios Park attractions — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bdonan (talk • contribs) 21:13, 20 May 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 03:08, 21 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Studio1wdsp.jpg

title: Talk:Walt Disney Studios Park


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Eddie Keher

Edward Peter Keher (born 14 October 1941) is an Irish former hurler who played as a centre-forward at senior level for the Kilkenny county team.

Born in Inistioge, County Kilkenny, Keher first played competitive hurling whilst at school in St. Kieran's College. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of fifteen when he first linked up with the Kilkenny minor team. He made his senior debut in the 1959 championship. Keher went on to play a key part for Kilkenny over several seasons, and won six All-Ireland medals, ten Leinster medals and three National Hurling League medals. An All-Ireland runner-up on four occasions, Keher also captained the team to All-Ireland victory in 1969.

As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team for sixteen years, Keher won nine Railway Cup medals, a record for a Leinster player. At club level he won one championship medal with Rower–Inistioge.

Keher's career tally of 35 goals and 336 points was a record score which stood until 20 June 2010 when it was surpassed by Henry Shefflin.

Throughout his career Keher made 50 championship appearances, a Kilkenny record which stood until 25 July 2004 when it was surpassed by D. J. Carey. His retirement came following the conclusion of the 1977 championship.

In retirement from playing, Keher temporarily became involved in team management and coaching. As joint-coach to the Kilkenny senior team with Pat Henderson, he helped guide the team to the All-Ireland title in 1979.

During his playing days, Keher won four Cú Chulainn awards and five All-Star awards, as well as being named Texaco Hurler of the Year in 1972. He also met and tutored Muhammad Ali in hurling in 1972, when he visited Dublin. He has been repeatedly voted onto teams made up of the sport's greats, including at corner-forward on the Hurling Team of the Century in 1984 and the Hurling Team of the Millennium in 2000.

Scoring Achievements/Records:

All-Ireland Finals - Scored 7 goals 74 points (95 points) in 10 games.

Leading Annual Scorer for 11 years between 1963 - 1976

Best score in All-Ireland Final: 2-11 Kilkenny v Tipperary in 1971

Best points tally in All-Ireland Final: 14 points Kilkenny v Waterford in 1963

Career Scoring Record: 211 Goals 1426 points (2059 points) from 298 games.

Colleges
Keher attended the famous St. Kieran's College in Kilkenny, a virtual nursery for young hurling talent.

In 1957 he was just fifteen years-old when he played a key part for the college in the provincial championship. A 6–3 to 3–0 defeat of Patrician College, Ballyfin gave Keher his first Leinster medal. The subsequent All-Ireland decider on 28 April 1957 saw St. Kieran's line out against St. Flannan's College, Ennis. Keher scored three goals in the second half to clinch victory, before setting up a fourth goal in a narrow 4–2 to 2–7 victory. It was his first All-Ireland medal.

St. Kieran's continued their dominance in 1958, with Keher adding a second Leinster medal to his collection following a 10–4 to 3–4 thrashing of Cistercian College, Roscrea.

In 1959 Keher was captain of the team. He won a third Leinster medal to his collection that year, after receiving a walkover in the final, before later lining out in the All-Ireland final on 19 April 1959. Abbey CBS, Tipperary provided the opposition, however, a 2–13 to 4–2 victory gave Keher a second All-Ireland medal, while he also had the honour of lifting the Croke Cup as captain.

Club
Keher played his club hurling with Rower–Inistioge and enjoyed much success.

In 1968 he lined out in his first senior championship decider. Three-in-a-row hopefuls Bennettsbridge provided the opposition and a close game followed. A narrow 3–9 to 3–7 victory gave Keher a Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship medal.

Minor
Keher was just fifteen years-old when he was called up to the Kilkenny minor team in 1956. He won a Leinster medal as an unused substitute that year following a 4–7 to 3–7 defeat of Wexford.

In 1957 Keher added a second Leinster medal to his collection, as Offaly were defeated by 5–10 to 4–2. The subsequent All-Ireland final against Tipperary was a replay of the previous year, however, the game was much closer. Kilkenny were defeated once again, however, on a score line of 4–7 to 3–7.

Kilkenny retained their provincial crown in 1958, with Keher collecting a third Leinster medal following a 5–11 to 1–7 defeat of Laois.

Keher lined out for a fourth and final year in the minor grade in 1959. A 7–9 to 3–4 trouncing of Wexford gave him a fourth successive Leinster medal. He later lined out in a third All-Ireland final, with old rivals Tipperary providing the opposition once again. A narrow 2–8 to 2–7 defeat denied Keher an All-Ireland medal once again, in what was his last game in the minor grade.

1959–1964
After impressing against Dublin in the Oireachtas Cup and Wexford in the Walsh Cup, Keher was included on the Kilkenny senior panel for the replay of the All-Ireland final against Waterford on 4 October 1959. After fifteen minutes he was introduced as a substitute for Johnny McGovern, who was forced off after a recurrence of a shoulder injury he'd picked up in the drawn game. Kilkenny took an early six-point lead, however, two goals from Tom Cheasty and a third from Mick Flannelly gave Waterford a half-time lead. Kilkenny scored only two points in the second half, courtesy of Keher, and eventually succumbed to a 3–12 to 1–10 defeat.

In 1962 Keher was a regular member of the starting fifteen, and captured his first silverware when Kilkenny defeated Cork to take their first National Hurling League in almost thirty years.

The following year Keher won his first Leinster medal following a 2–10 to 0–9 defeat of Dublin. This victory allowed Kilkenny to advance directly into an All-Ireland showdown with Waterford on 1 September 1963. "The Cats" entered the game as underdogs, however, Keher proved to be the difference with a magnificent display in which he scored fourteen points. Despite a hat-trick of goals from Waterford's Séamus Power, Kilkenny secured a 4–17 to 6–8 victory. It was Keher's first All-Ireland medal. He later won his first Cú Chulainn award in the inaugural year of the awards scheme.

Keher added a second Leinster medal to his collection in 1964 as Dublin were defeated on a 4–11 to 1–8 score line. The All-Ireland final on 6 September 1964 saw Kilkenny enter the game as firm favourites against fierce rivals Tipperary. John McKenna scored Tipp's first goal after ten minutes as the Munster champions took a 1–8 to 0–6 interval lead. The second half saw Tipperary score goals for fun, with Donie Nealon getting a hat-trick and Seán McLoughlin another. Kilkenny were humiliated at the full-time whistle as Tipperary triumphed by 5–13 to 2–8. In spite of this defeat Keher later collected a second Cú Chulainn award.

1965–1970
After surrendering their provincial crown in 1965, Kilkenny bounced back the following year by reaching the National league decider. An aggregate 10–15 to 2–15 defeat of New York gave Keher his second National League medal. He later won a third Leinster medal following a 1–15 to 2–6 defeat of Wexford. The subsequent All-Ireland final on 4 September 1966 pitted Kilkenny against Cork for the first time in nineteen years. Kilkenny were the favourites, however, two goals by Colm Sheehan and a third from John O'Halloran gave Cork a merited 3–9 to 1–10 victory. Keher later won a third Cú Chulainn award.

Kilkenny retained their provincial crown in 1967, with Keher adding a fourth Leinster medal to his collection following a 4–10 to 1–12 defeat of Wexford after a scare in the opening half. 3 September 1967 saw Kilkenny face Tipperary in the All-Ireland decider. Tipp looked like continuing their hoodoo over their near rivals as they took a 2–6 to 1–3 lead at half-time. Goalkeeper Ollie Walsh was the hero for Kilkenny as he made a series of spectacular saves, however, the team lost Keher and Tom Walsh to injury in the second half. In spite of this, Kilkenny laid to rest a bogey that Tipperary had over the team since 1922, and a 3–8 to 2–7 victory gave Keher a second All-Ireland medal. He later won a fourth Cú Chulainn award.

Wexford put an end to Kilkenny's hopes of retaining the title in 1968, however, the Noresiders bounced back the following year with Keher, who was now captain of the side, collecting a fifth Leinster medal following a 3–9 to 0–16 defeat of Offaly. 7 September 1969 saw Kilkenny face Cork in the All-Ireland decider. The Leesiders got into their stride following an early goal by Charlie McCarthy and led by six points coming up to half time when Kilkenny raised a green flag themselves. Kilkenny upped their performance after the interval and ran out winners on a 2–15 to 2–9 scoreline. The victory gave Keher a third All-Ireland medal, while he also had the honour of collecting the Liam MacCarthy Cup as captain.

1971–1977
After surrendering their provincial and All-Ireland crowns to Wexford the following year, Kilkenny began their complete dominance of the provincial championship in 1971. A 6–16 to 3–16 defeat of Wexford gave Keher his sixth Leinster medal. On 5 September 1971 Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland final, the first to be broadcast in colour by Telefís Éireann and the only eighty-minute meeting between the two sides. Kilkenny's ever-dependable goalkeeper, Ollie Walsh, had a nightmare of a game in which he conceded five goals, one of which passed through his legs, while that year's Hurler of the Year, "Babs" Keating, played out the closing stages of the game in his bare feet. Keher set a new record by scoring 2–11, however, it wasn't enough as Tipperary emerged the victors on a score line of 5–17 to 5–14. In spite of this defeat, Keher was later chosen on the inaugural All-Stars team.

In 1972 Keher won a seventh Leinster medal following a thrilling draw and replay victory over Wexford. Once again, Cork provided the opposition in the All-Ireland final on 3 September 1972, a game which is often considered to be one of the classic games of the modern era. Halfway through the second-half Cork were on form and stretched their lead to eight points. Drastic action was required for Kilkenny and Keher was deployed closer to the Cork goal. One of the most abiding memories of that game is of Keher grabbing the sliotar out of the sky and racing up the wing in the shadow of the Hogan Stand. From that sideline position Keher pucked the sliotar as if going for a point, however, the sliotar dropped short, deceiving Cork goalkeeper Paddy Barry, and ending up in the back of the net. After scoring that goal an almost emotionless Keher simply turned around to go back to his normal playing position with blood pouring out of a cut over his eye, having been hit by Tony Maher's hurley. Keher finished the game with a tally of 2–9 and collected his fourth All-Ireland medal following a remarkable 3–24 to 5–11 victory. As well as collecting a second All-Star award, Keher was an automatic choice for Texaco Hurler of the Year.

Keher added an eighth Leinster medal to his collection following a 4–22 to 3–15 defeat of Wexford. His season later came to a premature end due to injury, and he missed Kilkenny's All-Ireland defeat by Limerick. In spite of missing the latter stages of the championship, Keher collected a third All-Star award.

Wexford were, once again, narrowly defeated by Kilkenny in the 1974 provincial decider. The remarkable 6–13 to 2–24 victory gave Keher a ninth Leinster medal. In a repeat of the previous year Limerick provided the opposition in the subsequent All-Ireland final on 1 September 1974. The Munster champions stormed to a five-point lead in the first eleven minutes, however, a converted penalty by Keher, supplemented by two further goals gave Kilkenny a 3–19 to 1–13 victory and gave Keher a fifth All-Ireland medal. He later won a fourth All-Star award.

Kilkenny made it five successive provincial titles in-a-row in 1975. The 2–20 to 2–14 defeat of Wexford gave Keher his tenth Leinster medal. On 7 September 1975, Keher lined out in an impressive tenth All-Ireland final, with surprise semi-final winners Galway providing the opposition. Playing with the wind in the first half, Galway found themselves ahead by 0–9 to 1–3 at the interval. Keher's huge tally of 2–7 kept Galway at bay giving Kilkenny a 2–22 to 2–10 victory. Keher had once again powered his team to an All-Ireland victory, his sixth overall. He later added a fifth successive All-Star award to his collection.

In 1976 Kilkenny looked a sure bet to capture a third successive All-Ireland crown. The season began well with Keher winning a third National League medal following a 6–14 to 1–14 trouncing of Clare in a replay. Kilkenny's championship ambitions unravelled in spectacular fashion in the subsequent provincial campaign, when a 2–20 to 1–6 trouncing by Wexford dumped Keher's team out of the championship.

Keher played his last championship game for Kilkenny on 24 July 1977. The narrow 3–17 to 3–14 defeat by Wexford in the Leinster decider brought Kilkenny's championship to an end.

Inter-provincial
Keher also lind out with Leinster in the inter-provincial series of games, and enjoyed much success during a seventeen-year career.

After making his debut in 1961, it would take another three years before Keher enjoyed any success. A 3–7 to 2–9 defeat of archrivals Munster gave him a Railway Cup medal. Leinster made it two-in-a-row the following year, with Keher collecting a second Railway Cup medal following a 3–11 to 0–9 defeat of Munster.

Three-in-a-row proved beyond Leinster, however, Keher won a third Railway Cup medal in 1967 following a 2–14 to 3–5 defeat of Munster once again.

After several years of Munster dominance, Leinster bounced back in 1971. The team went on to secure five consecutive Railway Cup victories over Munster. Keher played a key role in all of these wins, and ended his career with nine Railway Cup medals, a record for a Leinster player.

Managerial career
In retirement from playing Keher became involved in team management and coaching.

He teamed up with Pat Henderson to take charge of the Kilkenny senior hurling team in 1979. It was a successful year for the duo as Kilkenny qualified for the provincial decider. A 2–21 to 2–17 defeat of Wexford secured the Leinster crown. Galway provided the opposition in the subsequent All-Ireland final on 2 September 1979, however, the game turned out to be one of the least exciting finals of the decade. A goal by Noel Lane after forty-seven minutes gave Galway a two-point lead, however, Galway failed to score for the rest of the game. Kilkenny, on the other hand, scored two long-range goals to secure a 2–12 to 1–8 victory. This victory gave Keher and Henderson All-Ireland victories as both players and as coaches.

In 1987 Keher took charge of the Kilkenny team on his own for one season. It was an unsuccessful period as Kilkenny exited the provincial championship at an early stage.

Controversy
In 2010 Keher was highly critical of Cork goalkeeper Donal Óg Cusack's autobiography, Come What May. After taking umbrage to the description of the Kilkenny team as the Stepford Wives of hurling, Keher insisted that Cusack's criticisms were unjustified and stated that if he had received a present of the best-seller last Christmas, it would have gone "straight in the bin."

Following the drawn All-Ireland final between Kilkenny and Galway in 2012, Keher became involved in a war-of-words with Joe Canning following his comments about Herny Shefflin's sportsmanship. Keher said, "I think that's a very disappointing comment to make about probably one of the greatest hurlers to ever play the game, and a thorough gentleman at that. We'd hate in Kilkenny to have someone of the stature of Joe Canning making a remark like that".

Recognition
Fr. Tommy Maher, trainer of seven All-Ireland-winning Kilkenny teams, said of him in 1975: "At this stage, I must say Eddie Keher is the greatest I've seen. The second greatest was Christy Ring. Up until last year, perhaps, I would have reversed that order. But I have no doubt at all now, because Keher has done so much for the game, has played it so brilliantly, scores so brilliantly and at all times then a thorough gentleman – a credit to the game.'.

Seven years after his retirement from playing, Keher received the ultimate honour during the GAA's centenary year in 1984 when he was chosen at left corner-forward on the Hurling Team of the Century. He was one of only a handful of players from the "modern era" to be listed on the team. Keher swapped to the right corner-forward position on the Hurling Team of the Millennium in 2000, while he was also named on a special Kilkenny Team of the Century.

In 2005 Keher was inducted into the Irish Independent/Jury's Ballsbridge Hotel Hall of Fame.

The following year Keher received an honorary doctorate of science from the University of Limerick. The university marked "the achievement of this remarkable hurling legend who is also well-known for his work with young people and in humanitarian causes."

Nearly forty years after winning the Texaco Hurler of the Year award, Keher was the recipient of the 2009 Texaco Sportstars Hall of Fame Award.

In May 2020, the Irish Independent named Keher at number four in its "Top 20 hurlers in Ireland over the past 50 years".

Personal life
Born in Inistioge, County Kilkenny, Keher was the second child born to Stephen and Noreen Keher (née Browne). His father, a member of the Garda Síochána, was a native of Donamon and had played Gaelic football for Roscommon, before later lining out with Kilkenny.

Keher learned the art of hurling at the local national school in Inistioge. Regular evening matches were played between Inistioge's "up streets" and "down streets", or between children from the village and the surrounding countryside. In 1952 the eleven-year-old Keher played for the school when they won the under-14 Roinn B championship. He added a second medal to his collection in 1955, when he was also named player of the match.

After completing his Leaving Certificate at St. Kieran's College, Keher later went to Ross's College in Dublin where he studied to be a bank official. He subsequently worked in the Allied Irish Bank branches in St. Stephen's Green and Capel Street in Dublin. Keher later transferred to the bank's branch in Kilkenny before becoming manager of the AIB branch in Callan, County Kilkenny.

Keher was a founder-member of the No Name Club along with Fr. Tom Murphy, Bobby Kerr and Éamonn Doyle. The organisation was established in 1978 and is devoted to providing alternative venues to public houses for young people and which now has about 30 branches across the country. Keher remains an active member of the No Name Club.

Player

 * St. Kieran's College
 * All-Ireland Colleges' Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1957, 1959 (c)
 * Leinster Colleges' Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1957, 1958, 1959 (c)

 * Rower–Inistioge
 * Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1968

 * Kilkenny
 * All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (6): 1963, 1967, 1969 (c), 1972, 1974, 1975
 * Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (10): 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1969 (c), 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975
 * National Hurling League (3): 1961–62, 1965–66, 1975–76
 * Leinster Minor Hurling Championship (4): 1956 (sub), 1957, 1958, 1959

 * Leinster
 * Railway Cup (9): 1964, 1965, 1967, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1977

Coach

 * Kilkenny
 * All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1979
 * Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1979

Individual

 * Honours
 * Hurling Team of the Millennium: Left corner-forward
 * Hurling Team of the Century: Left corner-forward
 * Kilkenny Hurling Team of the Century: Left corner-forward
 * The 125 greatest stars of the GAA: No. 5
 * Texaco Hurler of the Year: 1972
 * All-Star Awards (5): 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975
 * Cú Chulainn Awards (4): 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967
 * GAA Hall of Fame Inductee: 2013
 * Scoring Record:211 goals 1426 points (2059 points) in 298 matches (League, Championship etc.) with Kilkenny.
 * Leading Annual Scorer for 11 years 1963 to 1976
 * Awarded an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Limerick in 2006
 * GPA Lifetime Achievement Award 2017
 * Awarded the Freedom of the City by Kilkenny County Council In 2018.

title: Eddie Keher


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One More Chance (The Notorious B.I.G. song)

"One More Chance / Stay with Me (Remix)" is a song written and recorded by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G. Three versions of the song exist: An original, lyrically explicit version prefaced by an answering machine performance featured on the album, and two versions released as singles, both of which contain identical lyrics by B.I.G. despite differing instrumentals and choruses. The first is an upbeat "Hip Hop Mix" that samples Marley Marl's "Droppin Science", and the second is a sultrier R&B remix parenthetically labeled the "Stay with Me Remix", which samples the namesake 1983 song by the band DeBarge. The lattermost remains the most popular, and features backing vocals and harmonies performed by his wife Faith Evans, as well as uncredited appearances by Mary J. Blige and Bad Boy Records label boss Puff Daddy—who also produced the version with Rashad Smith. It received platinum certification by the RIAA by July 31, 1995, and has sold 1.1 million copies.

The song topped the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and debuted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100, where it then peaked at number two. At the time, it was tied as the highest-debuting single in the chart's history and matched Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson's 1995 single "Scream"; Jackson broke the record once more with his single released the following August, "You Are Not Alone", which debuted atop the chart. Notwithstanding, Puff Daddy's "I'll Be Missing You", a tribute to the then-recently deceased B.I.G., became the first hip hop song to debut in the top spot.

Synopsis
The song begins as a recording of an answering machine message in which one of B.I.G's daughters, having apparently been prompted by her mother, requests that women stop calling the household. This is followed by a number of messages left by jilted former lovers expressing a mixture of fondness, yearning, contempt and confusion towards Biggie.

Following the introduction, the song largely centers on the rapper's sexual prowess. B.I.G makes a number of claims, such as comparing his sexual performance to the famous boxing match the Thrilla in Manila, and asserting that he has a very large and desirable penis.

Aside from the above claims, B.I.G also expresses, towards the end of the song, that he prefers relationships based around sex, and prefers the women leave him alone afterwards. This is implicitly suggested to be the result of women having become too attached to him in the past, and it is alleged that some have stalked him. The song closes with the titular chorus, which is a refrain of a female voice asking, 'Oh, Biggie, give me one more chance'.

"A hot record," remarked Jay-Z. "Sonically, it was amazing."

Ready to Die version
The version that is on Ready to Die was produced by Sean Combs and features R&B trio Total and not Faith Evans. It samples "Hydra" by Grover Washington, Jr. and features an interpolation of "I Want You Back" by the Jackson 5 on the chorus. The lyrics on the album version are different and more profane from both remixes.

Lil' Cease's niece provides the voice of the child on Biggie's answering machine. His sister and her friends played the various women who leave messages.

The original beat of the original version has a sample of DeBarge's "All This Love" and it can be found on D.J. Semi's Ready to Die: The O.G. Version.

Other versions
"One More Chance / Stay with Me (Remix)" (additional vocals by Faith Evans) – The official remix to the original version. The remix has a completely different sound than the original. It was produced by Rashad Smith and samples "Stay with Me" by DeBarge. Appears on the single and the popular version. A music video was made for this song. The video was directed by Hype Williams and features appearances by Total, Luther Campbell, Heavy D, Mary J. Blige, Faith Evans, Da Brat, Jermaine Dupri, D-Nice, Patra, Miss Jones, Queen Latifah, Craig Mack, Cypress Hill, Tyson Beckford, Aaliyah, Changing Faces, Kid Capri, Junior Mafia, Zhane, and P. Diddy.

"One More Chance (Hip Hop Remix)" (featuring Total) - Also appears on the single and uses the verses from the "Stay with Me" remix except the beat and chorus is different. Also appears on the clean version of Ready to Die (instead of the original). Samples Lou Donaldson's "Who's Making Love?".

"Want That Old Thing Back" (featuring Ja Rule & Ralph Tresvant) - Appears on Greatest Hits and the bonus disc of Duets: The Final Chapter and features a different beat as well as a chorus by Tresvant and a verse by Ja Rule. Uses Biggie's verses from the original "One More Chance".

"Only One Thing" (featuring Lil' Kim) - Appears on Mick Boogie's Unbelievable mixtape and has a chorus and verse by Kim and uses Biggie's first verse from the original "One More Chance".

"Foolish"/"Unfoolish" - A single by Ashanti. The song samples "Stay with Me" by DeBarge so it uses the same beat as the "One More Chance" / "Stay with Me" remix. A remix, "Unfoolish", was made which features Biggie's first verse from "Fucking You Tonight" as the third verse. "Unfoolish" appears on We Invented the Remix Vol. 1 and Ashanti's debut album. The song would later feature R. Kelly on his album Life After Death, which was released after his shooting in 1997.

"One More Chance / The Legacy (Remix)" (featuring Faith Evans & CJ Wallace (their son)) - The official remix to the "Stay with Me" remix. Appears on the soundtrack of Notorious B.I.G.'s biopic Notorious.

This song played as tribute to Biggie in the Up in Smoke Tour, which was in 2000. Snoop Dogg announced that Biggie was his friend and wished the two had a better relationship before he passed. Snoop Dogg and Dr. Dre played this song as homage to Biggie.

"M.V.P" - A single by Big L. This song samples "Stay with Me" by DeBarge and has the same meter and cadence as "One More Chance". It was released 2 months earlier and was produced by Lord Finesse.

Music video
The music video features cameos by Heavy D, Luke, D-Nice, Kid Capri, Craig Mack, Aaliyah, Patra, Tyson Beckford, Da Brat, Queen Latifah, and Jermaine Dupri.

Live performances
Biggie performed the song live at the 1995 Source Awards on August 3, 1995. He performed the song live on Showtime at the Apollo on November 18, 1995. He also performed the song live at the 1996 Soul Train Music Awards on March 29, 1996.

A-side

 * 1) "One More Chance / Stay with Me" (radio edit 1) – 4:15
 * 2) "One More Chance" (hip hop mix) – 5:05
 * 3) "One More Chance / Stay with Me" (radio edit 2) – 4:35
 * 4) "One More Chance" (hip hop instrumental) – 5:08

B-side

 * 1) "One More Chance" (hip hop radio edit) – 4:24
 * 2) "The What" (radio edit) – 4:08
 * 3) "One More Chance / Stay with Me" (instrumental) – 4:35

CD single

 * 1) "One More Chance / Stay with Me" (radio edit 1) – 4:17
 * 2) "One More Chance" (hip hop mix) – 5:07
 * 3) "One More Chance / Stay with Me" (radio edit 2) – 4:37
 * 4) "The What" (radio edit) – 4:00

Side one

 * 1) "One More Chance" (radio edit 1)
 * 2) "One More Chance" (hip hop radio edit)
 * 3) "The What" (radio edit)

Side two

 * 1) "One More Chance" (hip hop mix)
 * 2) "One More Chance" (radio edit 2)


text:
Bellavary

Bellavary, more widely known as Ballyvary, is a village in County Mayo, Ireland. It is situated on the N5 road between Swinford and Castlebar (11 km north-east of the latter), close to Foxford and the River Moy. At the 2016 census, Ballyvary had a population of 159. It stands near where the Turlough River, the railway and the N5 converge. It is a townland in the Parish of Keelogues.

Transport
Ballyvary railway station opened on 19 June 1894, but finally closed on 17 June 1963.

Ballyvary Blue Bombers FC
Bellavary's soccer team, the Ballyvary Blue Bombers, have been playing in the Mayo League since 1986 and today field teams at underage and junior levels. The club had its origins in McKeowns field in Knocksaxon where its early games were played. Today the club play in the Community Pitch in Laghtavarry. Keelogues.

Ballyvary Hurling Club
Ballyvary Hurling Club was formed in 2005.

title: Bellavary


text:
Bradford-on-Tone

Bradford-on-Tone is a village and civil parish in Wellington, Somerset, England, situated on the River Tone 4 mi south west of Taunton. The parish, which includes Tone Green and Hele, has a population of 622.

The village is centred on the meeting of three roads: two of these come from the A38, the main road between the towns of Taunton and Wellington, while the third leads north to the nearby village of Oake. Around this junction are situated the local pub, The White Horse, a war memorial, the Church of St Giles, the Village Hall and some older residential buildings.

History
The name Bradford is undoubtedly English: it shows the village to have stood in Saxon days near a broad ford, or passageway across the River Tone. The parish of Bradford was part of the Taunton Deane Hundred. The 14th-century Bradford Bridge over the Tone is said to have been 'built by the monks', though it is not known which particular monks did the work.

In the 1830s the Grand Western Canal was under construction and included a bridge at Trefusis Farm.

On 16 May 1991 Bradford-on-Tone was the site of a major chemical incident when a train carrying kerosene, petrol and diesel was derailed and caught fire. The fire service took two days to put the fire out and there was significant environmental damage. The cause of the accident was an axle failure on one of the tank wagons.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

For local government purposes, since 1 April 2023, the village comes under the unitary authority of Somerset Council. Prior to this, it was part of the non-metropolitan district of Somerset West and Taunton (formed on 1 April 2019) and, before this, the district of Taunton Deane (established under the Local Government Act 1972). From 1894-1974, for local government purposes, the village was part of Wellington Rural District.

There is also an electoral ward in the same name. The ward however stretches northwards to Oake and west to Langford Budville. The total population of this ward at the 2011 census is 2,337.

It is also part of the Taunton Deane county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Church of St Giles
Bradford church is dedicated to St Giles, but it hasn't been referred to as such until 1754. It is a Grade II* listed building. An old will of 1466 mentions the Church of "Our Lady" of Bradford, and an inscription on one of the bells refers to 'Ave Maria Gratia Plena', suggesting that the earlier dedication was to the Blessed Virgin Mary. The change was likely made some time after the English Reformation. The church was most fortunate in not being stripped of its bells at the Dissolution during Henry VIII's reign.

The church is assumed to stand on the site of a former Saxon wooden church. The general design and character of the current church are 13th century Early English. In 1858–1859, the church was extensively renovated, with one wall strengthened, the pews and the whole roof replaced. The effigy of Sir John de Merriet, Lord of the Manor and Patron of the Church from 1350–1391, shown as a knight in armour, had its elbow cut away to make room for the pews during the renovation.

The church tower has an historic three-trained clock with no dial, dating back to at least 1720. The clock, striking the quarter and full hours, was restored to working order in December 2001, with automatic winding installed. Four of the six bells in the tower are pre-reformation, two of them dated 1450 and another two 1520. The two newer bells are from 1646 and 1811.

An organ was first installed in the church in 1867, but the present organ dates from 1913, having been completely restored in 1951. Additional improvements to the organ were made in 1981. The pulpit, which may have been moved from St Mary Magdalene in Taunton and dates from the early 18th century.

The churchyard contains Commonwealth war graves of two British Army soldiers of World War I and a notable Royal Air Force officer of World War II, Air Vice Marshal John Cole-Hamilton.

title: Bradford-on-Tone


text:
Belderrig

Béal Deirg (anglicized as Belderg or Belderrig) is a Gaeltacht village and townland in County Mayo, Ireland. At Belderrig Harbour there is a Mesolithic / Neolithic site dating to 4500-2500 cal. BC. The Céide Fields archaeological site lies about 6 km to the east of Belderrig.

title: Belderrig


text:
Pavel Fedotov

Pavel Andreyevich Fedotov (Russian: Павел Андреевич Федотов; 4 July 1815 - 26 November 1852) was an amateur Russian painter. He was only 37 years old when he died in a mental clinic. He has been compared to William Hogarth.

Biography
Fedotov was an officer of the Imperial Guards of Saint Petersburg. Like many of his colleagues of the time he was interested in arts. He played the flute and attended evening classes at the Academy of Fine Arts, where he focused on painting. As a student he was not particularly outstanding, yet, in the Army, he gained a reputation as a regiment painter through his portraits of officers and regiment scenes.

Although, what would equate to a notable career of the day, the idea of being a regiment painter did not appeal to Fedotov, who believed that a true creative artist should devote himself to art completely and so choosing to concentrate more fully on his painting, he retired himself from the army in 1844 and handed himself over to his artistry. Since his salary within the army was not insubstantial and having to support his family back in Moscow his future, now resting on his creative talents alone would have been somewhat daunting.

He initially used both pencil and watercolor to produce his works, though began to develop a more mature medium by changing to painting with oils in 1846.

Completing a number of pieces using the new medium, most notable the 'Newly Decorated', 'Picky Bride' and 'Untimely Guest' were full of the satire and critique surrounding the then current social and political order.

Fedotov’s works were recognized as a new word in art at the exhibition of 1848 in St. Petersburg and brought the painter success that promised his prosperity and, hence, the possibility to continue his work. Perhaps the crowning achievement of his career was Major’s Marriage Proposal (1851) displaying the maturity with which Fedotov skill had developed.

Fedotov had connections with some of the members of the Petrashevsky social-democratic group who went on trial in 1849. This created some problems for him with the official censors. Sharing the fate of the many democratic-minded intelligentsia, Fedotov was affected by the restrictive political climate.

Before he perished, Fedotov had produced his, probably, best works imbued with a feeling of desperate sorrow gradually growing until it reached its climax in the Encore, Encore! (1851), Gamblers (1852), and Young Widow (1852).

Illness and death
Previous to 1852, Fedotov's behaviour was relatively normal, although he showed some signs of depression. He was withdrawn, suffered from headaches, and aged rapidly; his eyesight became worse.

In the spring of 1852, he started to exhibit significant psychological problems; there was also an unhappy love affair that contributed to his troubles. He started to spend money wildly, and offered to marry numerous women in Moscow at the same time. Eventually, his strange behaviour led to his arrest by police, after which he was put in a mental hospital. The illness progressed rapidly. The treatment was not very helpful—it included brutal corporal punishment. Some of his friends visited, and left some notes. He died in a mental clinic at the end of 1852.

Peculiarities of artistic heritage
Pavel Fedotov is the founder of critical realism in Russian painting. There are two prevailing trends in his work. The first line is dominated by drawings and sketches, strongly influenced by Hogarth. His drawings are poorly developed and his aim is not to reproduce reality but to flaunt its common human weaknesses and faults, to ridicule the banal or obscure aspects of Russian morals.

The plot of these works is characterized by complexity and intricacy. Their main idea is underlined by adding side plots to the main scene. The artist makes accessories capable of intensifying the disclosure of the plot and sometimes overloads the entire composition with them. The predominant element of these works is a caricature.

Fedotov's works change in character and become less refined as he developed his technique. The ponderousness of the composition gradually gave way to simplicity and naturalness. The very idea underlying the composition became more and more serious and close to life.

Fedotov opened a new theme of nationality and satire, untouched by anyone else in Russian painting. He was the first artist to set an example of its successful development and left it as a legacy to subsequent talents.

title: Pavel Fedotov


text:
Patrice Bart-Williams

Patrice Babatunde Bart-Williams (born 9 July 1979), better known as Patrice, is a German reggae singer, songwriter and record producer. Born in Germany to a Sierra Leonean father and a German mother, Patrice grew up listening to Fela Kuti, Bob Marley, Champion Jack Dupree, Max Romeo, Buju Banton, dancehall and hip hop music, writing his own songs from the age of 12.

Early life
Patrice was born the same day his paternal grandfather died, causing his father to give him the middle name, "Babatunde", which means "the father has returned". His first name was inspired by Patrice Lumumba. Patrice's father, Gaston Bart-Williams, a Sierra Leone Creole, was the country's first film director. He encouraged Patrice to meet many and interact with many musical acts passing through Germany, sparking an early interest in diverse genres. Gaston died in a boating accident when Patrice was 11 years old.

Beginning of career
Patrice began playing guitar and writing songs in early adolescence, after the loss of his father. He attended Schule Schloss Salem, a private boarding school in Baden-Württemberg, Southern Germany often considered one of the most elite schools in Europe.

Influenced heavily by reggae, skate culture and punk music, Patrice began mixing genres and styles. He formed an Afro-beat/reggae band called Bantu through which he met producer Matthias Arfmann, who subsequently produced Patrice's debut EP, Lions, released in 1999. Later that same year, Patrice supported Lauryn Hill on the European leg of her Miseducation tour.

Albums and touring
Lions began attracting attention from major labels who were interested in the reggae, soul and folk sound of the EP. In 2000, Sony released Patrice's first full-length album, Ancient Spirits. Two years later, the soulful full-length album "How Do You Call It" was released, featuring the single, "Sunshine". Patrice had already begun to produce his own music.

Patrice went on to collaborate with German reggae collective, Silly Walks, in 2003 and released the project "Silly Walks Meets Patrice". This constant output of albums and uncategorizable catalogue became emblematic of Patrice's musical style and allowed him to attract a diverse range of fans and critics. He gained followings within different fan bases and began to successfully headline Europe's biggest music festivals.

Patrice soon began fighting for independence from major labels, and assumed almost all of the production responsibilities for his albums. He fought to be known as an uncompromising indie artist. "Every album is a fun struggle with my worst enemy; which is myself. I'm always trying to stay true to myself and therefore I need to change constantly. I need to destroy my habits, patterns and comfort zones to be able to make room for something new... something real. This always surprises or disappoints but it never goes unnoticed." He formed his indie label, Supow Music, in Germany.

Patrice released his third studio album, Nile, in 2005. It quickly rose to top 5 chart positions in Europe, and was followed by a year long sold-out tour that was featured in his 2006 « Raw & Uncut » live DvD, filmed in one of Paris' largest venues, le Zénith de Paris.

In 2008, the LP, "Free Patri-Ation" was released through Universal. Singles "Clouds," and "Another One," topped the charts.

Patrice released his LP, "One," in 2010. The moniker of the album was inspired by a personal philosophy of the musician. "No living being is truly autonomous. The planet is a unique mass of materials and of moving energy, they are not separated by the elements that they are composed of. I think that in terms of music, it is the same."

2013's "Rising of the Son," was mainly produced by Patrice. Its opening song and single "Alive," featured a version with Busy Signal. After "One," and expressed most with "The Rising of the son," Patrice coined a new genre for his music, termed "Sweggae." He states, "I tried to find a common ground between all these things I love. Blues, Hip Hop, Dancehall, singer-songwriter music, Afro-Beat, Rock, philosophy, poetry, and the list is long. I didn't want it to sound like a mix but a style that in a very self explicatory way reflects these times that we're living in. Times in which it's getting hard to tell black from white. Times where cultures and genres are mixed to the point that you can't tell what's what anymore. I am a living symbol of these times. I am looking to create its soundtrack." French newspaper, Le Monde, started using the genre "sweggae" and both they and Patrice describe it as music with reggae undertones with a more modernist take, reflective of someone who created his own culture out of many things.

Patrice continues to tour regularly throughout Europe, North and South America and Africa, often with his house band, The Supowers.

Patrice is currently represented under Because Music for France and Belgium and his own label, Supow Music, for Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the rest of the world.

Production work
Patrice has produced or co-produced most of his own albums, including 2013's "Rising of the Son." In 2011, Patrice produced Selah Sue's top single, "Ragga Muffin," which was followed by a US version featuring J. Cole. Production work was also done with Goody Mob's Cee Lo Green. Her album went on to sell 1 million copies. He produced Cody ChesnuTT's critically acclaimed LP, "Landing on A Hundred," in 2012, ChesnuTT's first release after a 10-year hiatus.

In an interview, Patrice talked about why he needed to produce. "As a producer for others I learned a lot about the mistakes WE artistes tend to make. Like throwing away the best vocal take or not trying to use our best song because we don't like it. I do not want to do that anymore."

Following in his father's footsteps, Patrice delved into film by scoring the documentaries of TED prize winner street artist JR's "Women are Heroes," and "Inside Out." JR subsequently did the cover art of "One" and crafted the 2013 and 2014 stage art for Patrice performances and videos.

Projects
Patrice commissioned the cultural series, Super Sunday, a monthly event that brought together some of the top musical acts from around the world, and included a spoken word brunch, which featured Saul Williams. A live art installations and a dinner by renown German chef, Nelson Muller. A group of local musicians were selected to form the event's house band after an extensive audition process. Patrice did this because he felt that professional musicians were sometimes lacking in fire and passion for the craft.4 As part of the local element of the event, established artists shared the stage with audience members during jam sessions of the Super Sunday event.

Featured artists have included Youssoupha, Guizmo, Cody ChesnuTT, Tiken Jah Fakoly, Irma and Protoje. Patrice states that his intention was to begin cultivating a hive of creative talent, "by getting people together and making them network." In a series of interviews, he said "mixing, or metissage, is the future. Anyone who closes themselves to that is not very modern thinking." All the artists were actual acquaintances of Patrice who he felt might appreciate a new type of platform.

Patrice has become known for epic performances that trail a large range of large venues to small, intimate features. He has performed at daybreak at the Timbuktu festival as well as a midnight sun feature in Norway. Patrice will often use direct-marketing techniques through social media to inform his fans of where he would be performing, the most recent ones being sunrise performances joined by thousands of followers in Paris, Berlin, NYC, and London's best locations.

Current work
Summer 2016 saw the release of the single "Burning Bridges", produced by the French Picard Brothers, who provided Major Lazer with their latest single, and co-written by the Singer MO as well as Diplo himself (Major Lazer, Madonna, Beyoncé). Patrice's new album "Life's Blood" was planned for release on 30 September 2016.

title: Patrice Bart-Williams


text: Category:Velvet Revolver albums

title: Category:Velvet Revolver albums


text:
List of Bionicle media

Aside from the toys in the Lego Bionicle franchise, Lego has also marketed a book series, several video games (mostly for the Game Boy Advance), and four animated movies which feature important plot points. A Bionicle comic book was also published by DC Comics and made available free to members of the Lego Club with some issues of the Lego Magazines. Some comic issues were also posted on the official Bionicle website, Bionicle.com. There are also various other ancillary products available, such as watches, toothbrushes, and backpacks, as well as online adventure games. Much of the additional content for Generation 1 that was originally available on the now inactive official websites Bionicle.com and BionicleStory.com is now available on an unofficial website called BioMedia Project.

Bionicle

 * Two additional graphic novels, Power of the Great Beings and Journey's End, were planned but ultimately cancelled due to poor sales. They would have included the last two issues of the Glatorian comic series as well as new material.

Films

 * A film based on Bionicle's 2001 storyline was planned prior to the franchise's launch, but never reached production.
 * The Legend Reborn was originally planned as the first film in a new trilogy, but its sequels were scrapped following Bionicle's discontinuation as a toy line. A screen treatment for what would've been the second film was released online.

Trading card game
During the first year of the BIONICLE toyline, in 2001, McDonald's distributed packets of cards with their 'kids' meals. There were five cards in each one: four regular, and one holographic or "special" card. The packet came with a mini comic that had an instruction booklet telling the person how to play the game. There was another card game that was sold (instead of collected, like the above) which included a board along with other accessories to play the game.

In 2008 LEGO also distributed the "Phantoka Trading Card Game", which were given away for free in little packages which included about six trading cards with a picture and information of one of the Toa Nuva, Makuta, Av-Matoran or Shadow Matoran. The package also included one holographic card, which featured the combination of a Phantoka and a Matoran. The packages were given away for free in many toy stores in Europe if bought in a Phantoka set.

Music
Composers Paul Hardcastle and Simon Fuller produced the music for the Bionicle commercials used between 2001 and 2004, which also featured in the Mata Nui Online Game released throughout 2001. An official Bionicle album – featuring music from the bands Cold and Woven and singers Rob Zombie and Kenna – from was originally planned for release in 2002, but the project was scrapped when disagreements arose between the Lego Group and the label Interscope Records.

In 2005, the band All Insane Kids released the songs "Hero" and "Caught in a Dream", produced and written by Morten Krog Helgesen. The latter is played in the end credits of Bionicle 3: Web of Shadows. Between 2006 and 2007, artists such as The All-American Rejects, Daughtry and Niels Brinck contributed songs for Bionicle commercials, but the success of the song "Creeping in My Soul", sung by Danish singer Christine Lorentzen for Bionicle's Barraki toy campaign, led to the formation of the rock band Cryoshell, who produced music for the theme up until its original discontinuation, and in its wake released their self-titled debut album.

Music for the first three Bionicle films – Mask of Light (2003), Legends of Metru Nui (2004) and Web of Shadows (2005) – was composed by Nathan Furst. Soundtracks for all three films were digitally released in 2017. Music for the fourth film The Legend Reborn (2009) was composed by John D'Andrea, while Mike Raznick scored the 2016 series Lego Bionicle: The Journey to One.

Miscellaneous
Besides the films, books, comics etc., there are other ways parts of the Generation 1 story have been told. Much of this content is now available on the unofficial BioMedia Project website.

Reading materials
Bionicle.com had some information about parts of the Generation 1 story, including some character biographies.

BionicleStory.com had several sections containing information about the Generation 1 characters, locations, and more. Among the offerings were also story serials and "blog" chapters, the latter being each one or two pages of story text styled as a journal entry from one of the fictional Bionicle characters.

Audio
Bionicle.com had two downloadable MP3s (as well as two PDF files with the "lyrics" to the MP3s) that describe the rise the giant robotic body of Mata Nui out of its slumber and his exile from said body when Makuta Teridax took it over in the Generation 1 plotline.

BionicleStory.com also had many podcasts recorded by Bionicle writer Greg Farshtey available for download in the "Latest Story" area of the site that tell much of the Generation 1 story.

On the homepage for Bionicle.com, there was a collection of audio recordings, called the Mata Nui Saga, that told some of Mata Nui's story. Each one had a picture, text, and music with it. They were split into thirty-four "chapters", each narrated in-character by Michael Dorn (reprising his role of Mata Nui from The Legend Reborn).

There were also downloadable songs and other things on the website that were inspired by different sections of the Generation 1 storyline.

title: List of Bionicle media


text:
Low-key feedback

In human-computer interaction, low-key feedback is a type of output that takes a background role by being very subtle, sometimes nearly imperceptible. Physical machines often provide rich low-key feedback as a byproduct of their design. In computer software, the low-key feedback usually needs to be designed in.

The benefit of low-key feedback is that it can provide always available indication without cluttering the user interface with explicit indicators such as text labels or indicator lights. The downside of low-key feedback is that it can be too subtle to some users and it often cannot be self-describing to beginners.

For example, a person driving an automobile has several means of being informed about the operation of the engine. In addition to the dashboard lights, the driver also perceives the sound and vibration of the engine. An abnormal sound or vibration alerts the driver that there may be a problem, while a typical sound or vibration assures the driver that everything is going as normal. Making the automobile completely silent might negatively impact the performance of the driver, as he must expend additional effort to stay informed about the operation of vehicle.

Similarly, a computer program that has two modes of operation might employ low-key feedback to keep the user informed about the current mode. If the program had a view mode and an edit mode, background color of the workspace might subtly change from white to pale yellow when switching to edit mode. A web browser application could keep track of the pages the user has visited and alter the colors of links that point to pages the user has already viewed.

title: Low-key feedback


text:
Castlehill, County Mayo

Castlehill is a townland and village near the west coast of Lough Conn in County Mayo, Ireland. Historically it was called Keerhannaun or Keerhanaun, which are anglicisations of its Irish name.

title: Castlehill, County Mayo


text:
Conches-en-Ouche

Conches-en-Ouche (, literally Conches in Ouche) is a commune in the Eure département in northern France.

Geography
It is located by the Rouloir river, southwest of Évreux in the Normandy region. The town is located on a plateau known as the Pays d'Ouche.

Sights and monuments

 * Château de Conches-en-Ouche, ruins of 11th-century castle
 * Church of St Faith (l'Église Sainte-Foy)
 * Abbaye Saint-Pierre et Saint-Paul de Châtillon-lès-Conches
 * Arboretum
 * Folk museum

Personalities linked to the commune

 * William of Conches, medieval grammarian, philosopher and theologian of the School of Chartres.
 * Diderot set an episode of Jacques le fataliste et son maître (1773/1775) in Conches.
 * Victor-Amédée Barbié du Bocage (1832–1890), renowned geographer and essayist, died in the Château de Quenet on 11 October 1890.
 * Paul Collin (1843–1915), writer and librettist, was born here.
 * François Décorchemont (1880–1971), master glassmaker who made the windows of numerous churches in the Eure and the Church of Sainte-Odile in Paris was born and died in Conches.
 * Alfred Recours, mayor of the town since 1984 and a former deputy for l'Eure.
 * Roger de Tosny I, medieval knight known as the Moor Eater

International relations
Conches-en-Ouche is twinned with:
 * Rhodes, Greece
 * 🇵🇱 Człuchów, Poland
 * Wareham, United Kingdom
 * 🇩🇪 Aulendorf, Germany

title: Conches-en-Ouche


text:
The Countess of Chinchon

The Countess of Chinchon (Condesa de Chinchón) is an oil-on-canvas portrait painted ca. 1800 by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya. It is held in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. The painting depicts María Teresa de Borbón, 15th Countess of Chinchón, who had been encouraged by Queen Maria Luisa of Parma and by opportunism to marry Manuel de Godoy, the Prime Minister, in a marriage of convenience. It does not depict the more famous Countess of Chinchón who became the namesake of the cinchona genus of trees and shrubs responsible for early modern quinine production.

Countess of Chinchón
Maria Teresa of Bourbon y Vallabriga, Countess of Chinchón and Marquis de Boadilla del Monte (1780–1828) was the eldest daughter of the morganatic marriage of Infant Louis Antoni Bourbon and Maria Teresa de Vallabriga y Rozas, daughter of a cavalry officer. The result of this union was the expulsion of the infant from the court by King Charles III, his brother. Infant died when Maria Teresa was only 5 years old, she was then taken from her mother and brought up together with her younger sister in a monastery in Toledo. She left the monastery at the age of 17, when the new royal couple Charles IV and Maria Ludwika of Bourbon-Parma decided to marry her with the most influential man at court, the royal favorite Manuel Godoy. Thanks to the Queen's protection, Godoy's career progressed rapidly from a colonel in the royal guard to the first minister who exercised effective power in the state. The Queen, who may have had an affair with Godoy, wanted to distract the favorite from his longtime mistress Pepita Tudó. For Godoy, marrying the king's cousin was a distinction and social promotion, as he officially became a member of the royal family. The Countess regained numerous privileges lost as a result of her father's exile, such as the use of the name and coat of arms of the Bourbons. She became the most important lady in the country after Queen Maria Ludwika.

The circumstances of the uprising
The countess' parents were patrons of the arts; they gathered many talented painters, writers and musicians. For Goya they were the first patrons, their recognition of the painter's work significantly influenced his career as a portrait painter. In the years 1783–1784, as a guest of the infanta at Arenas de San Pedro, Goya performed many works for them; including a collective portrait, "The family of Infant don Luis", in which the countess is a girl watching the painter's work. Goya also portrayed a few-year-old Maria Teresa in a stylish little lady outfit and probably also on the occasion of her wedding.

title: The Countess of Chinchon


text: User talk:80.58.43.170

title: User talk:80.58.43.170


text:
Jakhar

Jakhar is a surname of Indian origin. It may refer to:

People

 * Badri Ram Jakhar, Indian politician
 * Balram Jakhar, Indian politician
 * Geetika Jakhar, Indian wrestler
 * Jagat Jakhar, Indian film actor
 * Ramavtar Singh Jakhar, Indian volleyball player
 * Sunil Kumar Jakhar, Indian politician
 * Qadir bux Jakhar, Pakistani Politician
 * Malik Niaz Ahmad Jakhar, Pakistani Politician
 * Umesh Jakhar, Author

Places

 * Jakhar, Pakistan, in Gujarat district: divided into Jakhar Kalan and Jakhar Khurd
 * Jakhar Imam Shah, town and union council of Dera Ghazi Khan District, Pakistan
 * Moza Jakhar (739/GB), Tehsil Kamalia, District Toba Tek Singh
 * Jakhar kacha and Jakhar pacca, tehsil and District Layyah, Pakistan

title: Jakhar


text:
Edward Miller

Edward, Ed, or Eddie Miller may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Ed Miller (Scottish folk musician), Scottish folk singer
 * Eddie Miller (jazz saxophonist) (1911–1991), jazz musician
 * Eddie "Piano" Miller, piano player and bandleader, also known as Edward Lisbona (1905–1989)
 * Eddie "The Bombardier" Miller, radio talk show host, see The Political Cesspool
 * Eddie Miller (songwriter) (1919–1977), American songwriter in the country music genre
 * Edward Miller (musician) (1735–1807), English organist and composer
 * Edward Miller (playwright), American actor, playwright, and producer
 * Edward Miller (born 1949), pseudonym of British fantasy, science fiction and horror illustrator Les Edwards

Politics

 * Edward Allan Miller (born 1942), Canadian politician
 * Edward B. Miller (born 1971), deputy chief of staff to Maryland governor Robert Ehrlich
 * Edward E. Miller (1880–1946), U.S. representative from Illinois
 * Edward G. Miller Jr. (1911–1968), U.S. assistant secretary of state for inter-American affairs
 * Edward Tylor Miller (1895–1968), U.S. Army officer and later U.S. representative from Maryland
 * Ed Miller (Kentucky politician) (1931–2005), member of the Kentucky Senate

Association football

 * Eddie Miller (footballer, born 1917) (1917–1940), English footballer, winger for Gateshead
 * Eddie Miller (footballer, born 1920) (1920–2002), English footballer, inside forward for Barrow
 * Edward Miller (footballer) (1908–1965), Polish footballer

Baseball

 * Ed Miller (first baseman) (1888–1980), Major League Baseball first baseman
 * Ed Miller (outfielder), American Association professional baseball player
 * Eddie Miller (infielder) (1916–1997), baseball shortstop
 * Eddie Miller (outfielder) (born 1957), retired Major League Baseball player
 * Eddie Miller (pitcher) (1902–?), American Negro league baseball player

Other sports

 * Eddie Miller (basketball) (1931–2014), American basketball player
 * Eddie Miller (quarterback) (1916–2000), American football quarterback

 * Eddie Miller (racing driver, born 1895) (1895–1965), American race car driver
 * Eddie Miller (racing driver, born 1945) American race car driver from Colorado
 * Eddie Miller (wide receiver) (born 1969), American football wide receiver

Other

 * Ed Miller (poker player) (born 1979), American professional poker player and poker authority
 * Eddie Miller, known as Bozo Miller, competitive eater
 * Edward Miller (historian) (1915–2000), historian and master of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
 * Edward Miller (priest) (1854–1951), Anglican archdeacon of Colombo
 * Edward D. Miller (born 1943), dean and CEO of Johns Hopkins Medicine
 * Edward J. Miller (USMC) (1922–1993), United States Marine Corps general
 * Edward J. Miller (warden) (1899–?), American prison administrator
 * Edward M. Miller (born 1944), American economist and intelligence researcher
 * Edward Miller (pirate) (fl. 1717–1720), English pirate active in the Caribbean
 * Edward S. Miller, former FBI agent
 * Edward T. Miller (outlaw) (1856–1881), outlaw who rode with Jesse James and also was killed by him

title: Edward Miller


text:
Charlestown, County Mayo

Charlestown is a town in County Mayo, Ireland, on the N17 road near its junction with the N5.

History
Charlestown was built in the mid-19th century on the initiative of Lord Dillon's agent, Charles Strickland, adjoining Bellaghy in County Sligo. Including Bellaghy, the town has a population of approximately 1000.

There are two schools in Charlestown, St. Attracta's National School and St.Joseph's Community College.

The village was the subject of a serialised social commentary in The Irish Times by John Healy. This was later published as Death Of An Irish Town, and later republished as No One Shouted Stop! Written in 1967, it was highly critical of government policies towards rural areas, and took Charlestown as an example solely because it was the town of the author's birth.

Sport
Gaelic Football team Charlestown Sarsfields reached the All-Ireland club semi-final in 2001, losing out on a final spot by two points.

In 2012 the town's sporting offering was further complemented with the formation of Charlestown Amateur Boxing Club. The IABA affiliated club has since acquired numerous National and Provincial titles. Based in the old Cloonfane National School, Charlestown's boxers have been selected to represent Ireland internationally and County Mayo in inter-county competition.

Transport
Trains ran through Charlestown from 1895 to 1963. The village had a station on the GS&W line from Claremorris to Collooney, part of the Western Railway Corridor. Charlestown station opened on 1 October 1895, closed for passenger traffic on 17 June 1963, and finally closed altogether on 3 November 1975. But if the Western Rail Corridor reopens from Galway onto Sligo the train service could be restored in future.

Knock Airport is 5.6 miles southwest of Charlestown.

People
Charlestown was the home town of Irish Times and Western People journalist John Healy, who wrote a series of articles about the town which were later turned into a book, No One Shouted Stop. The owner of the Freeman's Journal, Irish Senator Martin FitzGerald, was born on Main Street, Charlestown. Michael O'Doherty, Archbishop of Manila, was born in Charlestown.

Charlestown is also the hometown of Michael Ryan, executive director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme, which is tasked with the international containment and treatment of COVID-19.

title: Charlestown, County Mayo


text:
Bristol (card game)

Bristol is a Patience game using a deck of 52 playing cards. It is a fan-type game in the style of La Belle Lucie. It has an unusual feature of building regardless of suit on both the foundations and on the tableau; it is also one of the easiest to win. It was invented by Morehead & Mott-Smith around 1950.

Rules
Eight piles (or fans) of three cards each are dealt onto the tableau. Any king that is not on the bottom of its pile is placed underneath. Then three cards are placed under these piles. These form the bases for the three reserve piles.

Whenever an ace becomes available, it becomes a foundation, on which it can be built up regardless of suit up to a King. The same is done on the three other aces.

The top card of each pile on the tableau and the top card of each reserve pile is available to be built on the foundations and around the tableau. Like the foundations, the piles on the tableau are built down regardless of suit. Only one card can be moved at a time and when a pile becomes empty, it is never filled.

Cards in the stock are dealt onto the reserve three at a time, one for each pile. In effect, gaps on the reserve are filled during the deal; therefore, when a reserve pile becomes empty, it is not filled until the next batch of three cards is dealt.

The game is won when all cards end up in the foundations. Considering that all building is done regardless of suit, the chance of achieving this is very high.

Variations
Belvedere is played exactly the same as Bristol except for one rule: an Ace is separated from the deck at the beginning of the game and immediately set up as a foundation.

title: Bristol (card game)


text:
Garrett Hardin

Garrett James Hardin (April 21, 1915 – September 14, 2003) was an American ecologist and microbiologist. He focused his career on the issue of human overpopulation, and is best known for his exposition of the tragedy of the commons in a 1968 paper of the same title in Science, which called attention to "the damage that innocent actions by individuals can inflict on the environment". He is also known for Hardin's First Law of Human Ecology: "We can never do merely one thing. Any intrusion into nature has numerous effects, many of which are unpredictable."

Hardin held hardline anti-immigrant positions as well as positions on eugenics and multiethnicism that have led multiple sources to label him a white nationalist. The Southern Poverty Law Center described his publications as "frank in their racism and quasi-fascist ethnonationalism".

Biography
Hardin received a BS in zoology from the University of Chicago in 1936 and a PhD in microbiology from Stanford University in 1941 where his dissertation research addressed symbiosis among microorganisms. Moving to the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1946, he served there as Professor of Human Ecology from 1963 until his (nominal) retirement in 1978. He was among the first members of the Society for General Systems Research.

Major works and positions
A major focus of his career, and one to which he returned repeatedly, was the issue of human overpopulation. This led to writings on controversial subjects such as advocating abortion rights, which earned him criticism from the political right, and advocating strict limits to all immigration, which earned him criticism from the political left. In his essays, he also tackled subjects such as conservation and creationism. He was also a proponent of eugenics; his membership in the American Eugenics Society dates to 1956, and Hardin served as a director from 1971-1974 (the American Eugenics Society changed its name to the Society for the Study of Social Biology in 1973).

Neomalthusian approach and "The Tragedy of the Commons"
In 1968, Hardin applied his conceptual model developed in his essay "The Tragedy of the Commons" to human population growth, the use of the Earth's natural resources, and the welfare state. His essay cited an 1833 pamphlet by the English economist William Forster Lloyd which included an example of herders sharing a common parcel of land, which would lead to overgrazing.

Hardin blamed the welfare state for allowing the tragedy of the commons; he claimed that where the state provides for children and supports large families as a fundamental human right, Malthusian catastrophe is inevitable. Hardin stated in his analysis of the tragedy of the commons that "Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all." Environmental historians Joachim Radkau, Alfred Thomas Grove and Oliver Rackham criticized Hardin "as an American with no notion at all how Commons actually work".

In addition, Hardin's pessimistic outlook was subsequently contradicted by Elinor Ostrom's later work on success of co-operative structures like the management of common land, for which she shared the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Oliver E. Williamson. In contrast to Hardin, they stated neither commons or "Allmende" in the generic nor classical meaning are bound to fail; to the contrary "the wealth of the commons" has gained renewed interest in the scientific community. Hardin's work was also criticized as historically inaccurate in failing to account for the demographic transition, and for failing to distinguish between common property and open access resources.

Despite the criticisms, the theory has nonetheless been influential.

Living Within Limits
In 1993, Garrett Hardin published Living Within Limits: Ecology, Economics, and Population Taboos, which he described at the time as a summation of all his previous works. The book won the 1993 Phi Beta Kappa Award in Science. In the book, he argues that the natural sciences are grounded in the concept of limits (such as the speed of light), while social sciences, such as economics, are grounded in concepts that have no limits (such as the widespread "infinite-Earth" economic models). He notes that most of the more notable scientific (as opposed to political) debates concerning ecological economics are between natural scientists, such as Paul R. Ehrlich, and economists, such as Julian Simon, one of Ehrlich's most well known and vocal detractors. A strong theme throughout the book is that economics, as a discipline, can be as much about mythology and ideology as it is about real science.

Hardin goes on to label those who reflexively argue for growth as "growthmaniacs", and argues against the institutional faith in exponential growth on a finite planet. Typical of Hardin's writing style, he illustrates exponential growth by way of a Biblical metaphor. Using compound interest, or "usury", he starts from the infamous "thirty pieces of silver" and, using five percent compounded interest, finds that after around 2,000 years, "every man, woman, and child would be entitled to only (!) 160,000 earth-masses of gold". As a consequence, he argues that any economy based on long-term compound interest must eventually fail due to the physical and mathematical impossibility of long-term exponential growth on a finite planet. Hardin writes, "At this late date millions of people believe in the fertility of money with an ardor seldom accorded to traditional religious doctrines". He argues that, contrary to some socially-motivated claims, population growth is also exponential growth, therefore even a little would be disastrous anywhere in the world, and that even the richest nations are not immune.

Participation in death-with-dignity movement and suicide
Hardin, who suffered from a heart disorder and post-polio syndrome, and his wife, Jane, who suffered from Lou Gehrig's disease, were members of End-of-Life Choices, formerly known as the Hemlock Society.

Believing in individuals' choice of when to die, they killed themselves in their Santa Barbara home in September 2003, shortly after their 62nd wedding anniversary. He was 88 and she was 81.

Controversies
Hardin caused controversy for his support of anti-immigrant causes during his lifetime and possible connections to the white nationalist movement. The Southern Poverty Law Center noted that Hardin served on the board of the Federation for American Immigration Reform and Social Contract Press and co-founded the anti-immigration Californians for Population Stabilization and The Environmental Fund, which according to the SPLC "served to lobby Congress for nativist and isolationist policies".

In 1994, he was one of 52 signatories on "Mainstream Science on Intelligence", an editorial written by Linda Gottfredson and published in the Wall Street Journal, which declared the consensus of the signing scholars on issues related to race and intelligence following the publication of the book The Bell Curve.

Hardin's last book The Ostrich Factor: Our Population Myopia (1999), a warning about the threat of overpopulation to the Earth's sustainable economic future, called for coercive constraints on "unqualified reproductive rights" and argued that affirmative action is a form of racism.

Books

 * 1949, Biology: Its Human Implications W. H. Freeman
 * 1952, Biology: Its Human Implications, Second Edition W. H. Freeman
 * 1959, Nature and Man's Fate, Rinehart & Co.
 * 1961, Biology Its Principles and Implications W. H. Freeman
 * 1966, Biology Its Principles and Implications, Second Edition W. H. Freeman
 * 1972, Exploring new ethics for survival: the voyage of the spaceship Beagle Viking Press. ISBN 0670302686
 * 1973, Stalking the Wild Taboo W. Kaufmann. ISBN 0913232033
 * 1974, Mandatory Motherhood: The True Meaning of 'Right to Life' Beacon Press. ISBN 0807021776
 * 1977, The Limits of Altruism: an Ecologist's view of Survival Indiana University Press.  ISBN 0253334357
 * 1980, Promethean Ethics: Living With Death, Competition, and Triage University of Washington Press.  ISBN 0295957174
 * 1982, Naked Emperors: Essays of a Taboo-Stalker William Kaufmann, Inc.  ISBN 0865760322
 * 1985, Filters Against Folly, How to Survive despite Economists, Ecologists, and the Merely Eloquent Viking Penguin.  ISBN 067080410X
 * 1993, Living Within Limits: Ecology, Economics, and Population Taboos Oxford University Press.  ISBN 0195093852
 * 1999, The Ostrich Factor: Our Population Myopia Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195122747

Chapters in books

 * 1993. The entire text of Garrett Hardin's Living Within Limits: Ecology, Economics, and Population Taboos, Chapter Eight, Growth: Real and Spurious Reprinted at GarrettHardinSociety.org, by permission of Oxford University Press, Inc
 * 1991. "Paramount positions in ecological economics." In Costanza, R. (editor) Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability, New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231075626
 * 1991. "The tragedy of the 'Unmanaged' commons – population and the disguises of providence." In: R. V. Andelson, (editor), Commons Without Tragedy, London: Shepheard-Walwyn, pp. 162–185. ISBN 0389209589 (U.S.)

Awards and honors

 * Hardin was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1973.
 * Hardin was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1974.
 * Hardin's 1993 book Living Within Limits: Ecology, Economics, and Population Taboos, received the 1993 Award in Science from the Phi Beta Kappa Society.

title: Garrett Hardin


text:
Cregganbaun

Cregganbaun is a village in County Mayo, Ireland. It is 26 km by road from Westport along the R335.

Education
Cregganbaun National School is now disused and local children travel to modern schools at Killeen or Louisburgh.

title: Cregganbaun


text:
Talk:Neundorf (Pirna)

"It was mentioned in 1408."

 * What does that mean? Someone said the name? Brighterorange 15:52, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Neundorf (Pirna)


text:
Miroslav Ivanov (writer)

Miroslav Ivanov (1929 in Josefov nad Metují – 1999 in Prague) was a popular Czech nonfiction writer.

His father was executed during Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia. Ivanov studied history and Czech language at the Charles University in Prague. He then worked at the university for seven years. In 1960 he started work as a journalist and then began to publish books. He concentrated on the medieval and modern history of Czech people and published 37 works (1.5 million copies printed). He was also known outside Czechoslovakia.

In his books he used a very systemic approach of fact gathering and employed modern scientific verification technology: for example he was the first one to test Rukopis královédvorský a zelenohorský (fake collection of ancient writings) using modern forgery detection methods.

title: Miroslav Ivanov (writer)


text:
Kate Burridge

Kathryn "Kate" Burridge is a prominent Australian linguist specialising in the Germanic languages. Burridge currently occupies the Chair of Linguistics in the School of Languages, Literatures, Cultures and Linguistics at Monash University.

Career
Burridge's work has mainly focused on Pennsylvania Dutch-speaking communities in Canada, grammatical change in Germanic languages, the nature of euphemism and dysphemism, linguistic taboo, and on English grammatical structure in general. She is currently co-editor of the Australian Journal of Linguistics.

Burridge is a regular presenter of language segments on ABC Radio. She appeared weekly as a panellist on ABC TV's Can We Help?, and has also appeared on The Einstein Factor.

She was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1998 and Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia in 2020.

Monographs

 * ISBN 978-0-920038-09-3
 * "Euphemism and Dysphemism: Language Used as Shield and Weapon" (1991, Oxford University Press) - co-authored with Keith Allan. ISBN 978-0-19-506622-7
 * "Diachronic Studies on the Languages of the Anabaptists" (1992, Universittsverlag Brockmeyer) - co-edited with Werner Enninger. ISBN 978-3-8196-0054-8
 * "Syntactic Change in Germanic" (1993, John Benjamins).
 * "Canada – Australia: Towards a Centenary of Partnership" (1997, Carlton Uni Press) - co-edited with Lois Foster and Gerry Turcotte.
 * "English in Australia and New Zealand - An Introduction to its Structure, History and Use" (1998, Oxford University Press) - co-authored with Jean Mulder.
 * "Introducing English Grammar" (2000, Edward Arnold) - co-authored with Kersti Börjars.
 * "Blooming English: Observations on the roots, cultivation and hybrids of the English Language" (2004, Cambridge University Press; published 2002 by ABC Books).
 * "Weeds in the Garden of Words: further observations on the tangled history of the English language" (2005, Cambridge University Press; published 2004 by ABC Books).
 * "Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language" (2006, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) - co-authored with Keith Allan.

title: Kate Burridge


text:
Xiong Foxi

Xiong Foxi (1900 − 26 October 1965) was an American-educated Chinese playwright famous for his experimental drama in the Ding County, Hebei Province (1932–37). His ambition was creating the peasants' drama of educative value. One of the plays, Sleeping on Brushwood and Tasting Gall (Woxin changdan) popularized the topic of "national humiliation" through the image of Goujian, the Yue king of the Spring and Autumn period. He was the first President of the Shanghai Theatre Academy.

Literature
Paul A. Cohen, Speaking to history: the story of King Goujian in twentieth-century China. 2009.

title: Xiong Foxi


text:
OCRR

OCRR can mean:

 * Old Colony Railroad in Massachusetts, USA (incorporated 1844)
 * earlier Old Colony Railroad (incorporated 1838), see New Bedford and Taunton Railroad, its name from 1839 to 1873
 * Oil Creek Railroad in Pennsylvania, USA
 * Ottawa Central Railway in Ontario and Quebec, Canada

title: OCRR


text: Talk:Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk

title: Talk:Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk


text:
Dudley Roe

Dudley George Roe (March 23, 1881 – January 4, 1970), a Democrat, was a U.S. congressman who represented the Maryland's 1st congressional district from 1945 to 1947.

Roe was born in Sudlersville, Maryland, and attended the public schools. He graduated from Washington College of Chestertown, Maryland, in 1903 and from the law department of the University of Maryland, Baltimore, in 1905, where he was admitted to the bar in 1905 and commenced practice. He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1907 to 1909 and of the Maryland Senate from 1923 to 1935 and from 1939 to 1943. He was the Democratic floor leader from 1939 to 1943. He was also a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1928.

Roe was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-ninth Congress, from January 3, 1945, to January 3, 1947. He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1946 to the Eightieth Congress. After Congress, Roe worked as a farmer, banker and grain dealer in Sudlersville. He was a director and later the president of Sudlersville Bank of Maryland, until he resigned in 1967. He continued as chairman of the board of directors of the bank until his death in Chestertown. He is interred in Sudlersville Cemetery.

title: Dudley Roe


text: File:Hexenbox.jpg

title: File:Hexenbox.jpg


text:
Valley, Anglesey

Valley (Y Fali ) is a village, community, and former electoral ward near Holyhead on the west coast of Anglesey, North Wales. The population during the 2001 census was 2,413, decreasing to 2,361 at the 2011 census.

Toponym
The origin of the name has been the subject of much debate for more than a century. Thomas Morgan derived the name as a corruption of "Mael-dy" (house of trade). Morgan links the name with the writings of Tacitus, who stated that trade with Ireland was conducted from here in the time of Julius Agricola.

Gwilym T. Jones and Tomos Roberts state that early accounts name the area as Glan Môr Tŷ Coch and Glan Môr Castell Llyfaint. They offer two further possible derivations of the name Valley; firstly that the name derives from the Irish word Baile (a settlement) and secondly that it developed when the Stanley Embankment (known by locals as 'The Cob') was built in the 1820s and a depression (or valley) was dug to yield rubble for its construction. The cluster of dwellings nearby was then given the name by these labourers.

In Modern Welsh it is referred to as either Y Dyffryn (meaning The Valley) or [Y] Fali (pronounced as Valley).

Political boundaries
Prior to the 2012 Anglesey electoral boundary changes Valley was an electoral ward to the Isle of Anglesey County Council. It is now part of the larger Llifon ward, together with Llanfaelog and Llanfair-yn-Neubwll.

The community includes the village of Llanynghenedl and part of Four Mile Bridge.

Transport
RAF Valley is a nearby Royal Air Force station concerned with the training of fast jet pilots. The runways are also used by Anglesey Airport who make commercial flights to Cardiff (and previously the Isle of Man). Valley railway station is on the North Wales Coast Line and its signal box is Grade II listed. Thomas Telford's A5 road bisects the village.

Sport
Valley has a football club, whose senior team, CPD Y Fali, play in the North Wales Coast West Football League Division One. They play their home matches on Station Road which is situated between the North Wales Coast railway line and the A55 North Wales Expressway.

Notable people

 * Gareth Williams (1978–2010) was a Welsh mathematician and employee of GCHQ seconded to the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6) who was found dead in suspicious circumstances; he came from Valley and is buried in Ynys Wen Cemetery.
 * George North is a professional rugby union player who plays for Ospreys in the United Rugby Championship and for the Wales national team. He attended Ysgol Gymuned Y Fali.

title: Valley, Anglesey


text:
Talk:Bathyscaphe

Removal of non-generic text
I removed the text: ''There is a hazard, which was discovered on an early dive: although the float can hold up well under the pressure of the ocean while underwater, on the surface it can be bent by waves. It is even more fragile after the gasoline is removed.'' because it refers to the experience of a specifc bathyscaphe and is not generic. The text may have a64.98.210.249 (talk) 23:30, 21 October 2022 (UTC)klTrieste article if it was in fact the Trieste's experience. Ex nihil 23:44, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

Unbeatable record?
"Unbeatable" world record is misleading, because the Challenger Deep is only believed to be the deepest spot in the ocean. Since the majority of the ocean bottom is unmapped, a deeper spot may be found, making the record beatable. bhhhjkooo The record is listed as both 10,916m and 10,911m in different places throughout wikipedia. From the article on Trieste: "The onboard systems indicated a depth of 37,800 ft (11,521 m), but this was later revised to 35,813 ft (10,916 m). (However later and more accurate measurements made in 1995 have found the Challenger Deep to be shallower, at 35,798 ft (10,911 m))."

This is from the entry on "Challenger Deep," that it's actually the third deepest point.

* Witjastief 1 (11.034 m)   * Triestetief (10.916 m)    * Challengertief (10.899 m) 76.22.201.109 03:18, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

Use in Fiction
A Bathyscaphe is used to a huge degree in the 1961 Alistair Maclean novel "Fear is the Key". I feel this should be incorporated into this article (but I don't know how to do it properly!).

External links modified
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Definition
How a bathyscaphe is distinguished from a submarine, submersible or deep-submergence vehicle should be explained in the article. · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 14:53, 22 January 2023 (UTC)

Trieste Bathyscaphe
The sub that went in the Marianna trench. 1960 96.37.90.221 (talk) 15:53, 7 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Hello.The sub Trieste was Italian and is now owned US Navy 96.37.90.221 (talk) 15:57, 7 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bathyscaphe


title: File:Tugahoy1.jpg


text:
Burrowbridge

Burrowbridge is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated on the River Parrett and the A361 road on the edge of the Somerset Levels. It is located 5 mi southeast of Bridgwater, and has a population of 508.

History
The name probably comes from the Old English buruh (fortified hill) and brycg (bridge).

In the village is Burrow Mump, an ancient earthwork now owned by the National Trust, presented by Major A.C. Barrett in 1946 as a war memorial. Burrow Mump is also known as St Michael's Borough or Tutteyate. It is a natural hill of Triassic sandstone capped by Keuper marl. Excavations showed evidence of a 12th-century masonry building on the top of the hill. The first recorded writing mentioning this site is from William of Worcestre about 1480, when he referred to it as Myghell-borough. A medieval church dedicated to St Michael from at least the mid-15th century formed a sanctuary for royalist troops in 1645. The ruins visible today are from the 18th century.

The historic area of the Isle of Athelney is located towards the western part of the village.

Prior to 1826, the bridge over the River Parrett, just below the junction with the River Tone, consisted of three arches, each only a little wider than the barges that used the river. They restricted the flow of water in times of flood and made navigation difficult. The bridge was highlighted in a report made by William Armstrong in 1824, as a factor that would prevent the River Tone Navigation from competing with the new Bridgwater and Taunton Canal, then being built. An Act of Parliament was obtained in 1824 by the Turnpike Commissioners, authorising the construction of a new bridge and the removal of the old. A design for a 70 ft single-span bridge in cast iron was dropped because of the cost of cast iron at the time, and instead a stone bridge was built and completed in 1826. It is the longest single-span masonry road bridge in the county, and was the last toll bridge in Somerset before being 'freed' in 1946. Just below the bridge there was a shoal of rocks and stones, which was also mentioned in Armstrong's report, but no action was taken to remove it. Except on spring tides, Burrowbridge was the normal upper limit for barges riding the incoming tide. Above here, horses were used to pull the boats, either towards Langport or along the River Tone towards Taunton.

There are four active pumping stations within the parish, all of which are now electric with diesel backup. One more is redundant: the Aller Moor station near the bridge is now incorporated into a private house. The original mid-19th century machinery is listed and preserved in situ. A few miles west is the preserved very early Westonzoyland Pumping Station Museum, which is in steam on regular occasions.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

For local government purposes, since 1 April 2023, the village comes under the unitary authority of Somerset Council. Prior to this, it was part of the non-metropolitan district of Somerset West and Taunton (formed on 1 April 2019) and, before this, the district of Taunton Deane (established under the Local Government Act 1972). From 1894-1974, for local government purposes, Burrowbridge was part of Taunton Rural District.

The civil parish was created in the 1980s as the result of a Local Government Boundary Commission review. Originally, what is now the civil parish area was split between five separate parishes: Stoke St Gregory in Taunton Deane, and North Petherton, Westonzoyland, Middlezoy and Othery, all in Sedgemoor district. The parish council was first elected in 1985.

It is also part of the Taunton Deane county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post system of electionand was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected six MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

People associated with Burrowbridge

 * Alfred the Great

title: Burrowbridge