text:
Mabel Miller

Dame Mabel Flora Miller, DBE (30 November 1906 – 30 December 1978 ) was an Australian lawyer and politician. She was the first woman elected to the Hobart City Council and one of the first two women to be elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly.

Early life
Born in Broken Hill, the second child of South Australian-born parents, Joseph Christian Goodhart, a draper, and Alice Mary Humphries Goodhart, she was raised in Adelaide. She was educated at Girton House Girls' Grammar School and received her LLB from the University of Adelaide in 1927, going on to practice as a barrister in Sydney and London.

She married Alan John Richmond Miller (died 1965) on 24 July 1930 at St. George's Anglican Church, Hobart. They settled in Tasmania and had a daughter.

Military and community service
During World War II, Mabel Miller served in the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF); from 1941 to 1944 she was stationed on airbases around Australia. After the war she was active in the Australian Red Cross Society, the Queen Alexandra Hospital, and the Mary Ogilvy Homes Society. She served as president of the National Council of Women of Tasmania from 1952 to 1954.

Political career
Miller decided to enter local politics when she heard there was mismanagement occurring in the Hobart City Council. She was elected to the council in 1952; she spent 20 years on the council her first sitting ended in 1955 when she was elected to the House of Assembly in 1955 as the member for Franklin. Amelia Best was also elected in 1955. She remained in parliament until 1964. After her time in parliament she returned to the council, serving as deputy mayor from 1964 to 1970; she unsuccessfully stood for mayor in 1970, and resigned in 1972.

In 1967 she was the Australian representative on the United Nations' Status of Women Commission, and an Australian delegate to the General Assembly of the United Nations.

Damehood and recognition
Miller was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for "distinguished public service" on 1 January 1967.

In 2009 Miller was posthumously inducted to the Tasmanian Honour Roll of Women for service to Government and to the Community.

Death
Dame Mabel Miller died on 30 December 1978, in a New Town, Tasmania nursing home, aged 72, from undisclosed causes, and was cremated.

title: Mabel Miller


text:
Golden Bauhinia Square

The Golden Bauhinia Square is an open area in Wan Chai, Hong Kong. The square was named after the giant statue of a golden Bauhinia blakeana at the centre of the area, situated outside the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, where the ceremonies for the handover of Hong Kong and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region were held in July 1997. A flag-raising ceremony is held every day at 8:00 am. It is considered a tourist attraction.

The sculpture, a gilded flower bauhinia, is six metres high. The major part is composed of a bauhinia on a base of red granite pillar on a pyramid.The sculpture is deemed an important symbol for the Hong Kong people after the handover. On the second day of Chinese New Year and National Day of the People's Republic of China, the square is lit up by a firework show. The Golden Bauhinia has also been nicknamed the "Golden Pak Choi" by locals.

Flag-raising ceremony
The official daily flag raising ceremony at the Golden Bauhinia Square located outside the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre is conducted by the Hong Kong Police Force. There are three types of ceremonies: Daily Flag Raising Ceremony (Daily, every day except 1st of each month), Enhanced Flag Raising Ceremony (on the 1st of every month, except July and October) and the Special Flag Raising Ceremony (1 July and 1 October).

The daily ceremony includes regular attire and includes the playing of the national anthem, while the enhanced ceremony includes a flag-raising party of Hong Kong police officers, accompanied by a rifle unit all in ceremonial dress, and also includes the playing of the national anthem by the Police Band followed by a 10-minute musical performance by the Police Pipe Band.

Since July 2008, on the second Sunday of each month, the flag raising ceremony is conducted by different local youth uniformed groups (UGs). The UGs conduct the daily flag raising ceremony (i.e. the flag party consists of five members: one commander, two national flag raisers and two regional flag raisers) without a band performance.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Golden Bauhinia Square


text:
Sara Ramirez

Sara Elena Ramírez Vargas (born August 31, 1975) is an American actor. Born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Ramírez moved from Mexico to the United States at eight years old, eventually graduating with a fine arts degree from the Juilliard School.

Ramírez began acting in Broadway productions, making their debut in Paul Simon's The Capeman, and later ventured into film and television roles. Ramírez's breakthrough came with their portrayal of the original Lady of the Lake in the 2005 Broadway musical Spamalot, winning the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. On Grey's Anatomy, they portrayed Dr. Callie Torres, one of the longest-running LGBT characters in US television history, appearing in 11 seasons and 239 episodes. Ramírez's volunteered addition of the character's bisexuality marked one of the earliest series regular queer roles on primetime television. After departing from the series, Ramírez came out as bisexual and later non-binary, using they/them pronouns. They later portrayed the bisexual and non-binary roles of Kat Sandoval on Madam Secretary and Che Díaz on And Just Like That..., respectively. Ramírez debuted as a voice actor in the 1999 PlayStation video game Um Jammer Lammy, where they voiced its title character Lammy in a spin-off to PaRappa The Rapper. They also voiced Queen Miranda in the Disney Junior animated series Sofia the First (2012–2018). Ramírez released their first single "Silent Night" in 2009. Their self-titled EP debuted at no. 37 on the Billboard 200 in 2011.

Ramírez's extensive campaigns for LGBT rights won the Ally for Equality Award from the Human Rights Campaign Foundation in 2015. In addition to the Tony Award, Ramírez has also been the recipient of a Screen Actors Guild Award and a Satellite Award, among other accolades.

Early life
Sara Elena Ramírez was born on August 31, 1975, in Mazatlán, Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico. Both of Ramírez's parents are Mexican. When Ramírez was eight years old, their parents divorced, and Ramírez went to live with their mother, eventually settling in Tierrasanta, San Diego, California. Ramírez's interest in music encouraged their mother to send them to San Diego School of Creative and Performing Arts, where their singing talent was discovered during an audition. Ramírez started acting in stage productions in high school.

After having played such roles in the plays Into the Woods, Hello, Dolly!, and Annie, Ramírez was recommended to study drama at Juilliard School, from which they graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts. While at Juilliard, Ramírez further worked on their acting skills and trained as a vocalist. Ramírez speaks both Spanish and English fluently.

Broadway breakthrough and other roles (1998–2005)
While still at Juilliard, Ramírez was discovered by a casting director and was offered the role of Wahzinak in Paul Simon's 1998 Broadway musical The Capeman. Based on the life of the Puerto Rican gangster Salvador Agron, the production garnered negative reviews, but Ramírez was singled out for their "outstanding" performance. They made their screen debut in the same year, with a minor yet "memorable" role in the romantic comedy You've Got Mail. Starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, the film had Ramírez play Rose, a Zabar's cashier who was "very serious about her line's cash-only policy."

Ramírez's first voice acting role was the titular protagonist of Lammy, an anxious guitarist, in the 1999 video game Um Jammer Lammy. The game was a guitar-based spin-off of PaRappa the Rapper, exclusive to Sony's PlayStation console, involving Lammy getting to her band's concert within a tight fifteen-minute window. In 2001, they reprised their role in PaRappa the Rapper 2, a series sequel developed for PlayStation 2, but had a smaller role involving a cameo appearance during the song "Hair Scare". Ramírez also voiced Lammy in promotions for the CD release of in-universe girl band MilkCan's album "Make It Sweet", and FMV cutscenes included in the arcade version of the game entitled Um Jammer Lammy NOW!.

In 1999, Ramírez appeared in Mark Lamos' The Gershwins' Fascinating Rhythm (1999). They garnered praise for their performance and received an Outer Critics Circle Award nomination for their role. Charles Isherwood of Variety praised their "beautiful, smoky voice" but was critical of their "torchy" performance of "The Man I Love," which ignored "the wry irony that infuses Ira's lyrics". Ramírez then appeared in the 2001 Broadway production of Edward Kleban's A Class Act. They replaced Julia Murney (from the off-Broadway) to play the role of Felecia, the protagonist Ed's boss. The same year, they starred in other productions including Fascinating Rhythm and Dreamgirls, and then performed in the 2002 production of The Vagina Monologues with Tovah Feldshuh and Suzanne Bertish. During this time, Ramírez also appeared in guest roles in several television series, including NYPD Blue, Law & Order: SVU, Third Watch, and Spin City among others.

Ramírez's breakout role came upon being cast as the Lady of the Lake in Eric Idle and John Du Prez's musical Spamalot. Based on the 1975 film Monty Python and the Holy Grail, the musical opened on Broadway in 2005 to widespread acclaim. Ramírez was singled out for their performance, winning several awards including the 2005 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical and the Drama League Award for Distinguished Performance. Ben Brantley of The New York Times described them as "a toothsome devourer of scenery", and another reviewer for The Playgoer emphasizing their stage presence remarked that their "intensity is totally serious and totally ludicrous and totally on key". An Entertainment Weekly review gave them the highest praise by calling them a show-stealer.

Grey's Anatomy and other projects (2006–2021)
After success on Broadway, Ramírez joined the cast of the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy in a recurring role as Dr. Calliope 'Callie' Torres, a love interest for Dr. George O'Malley, in the show's second season. On a special Grey's Anatomy-themed episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show, Ramírez revealed that top executives from ABC, who were greatly impressed by their performance in Spamalot, offered them a role in any ABC show they wanted. Ramírez picked Grey's, as they were already a fan of the show. Ramírez further explained that at their initial audition, the producers liked them and intended to add them to the show but did not know who to cast them as. Ramírez also said they were in awe of how the executives said, "Pick a show, any show," explaining that it is rare. The series creator and executive producer, Shonda Rhimes explained, "I was looking for a girlfriend for George, but it was in the infancy stages, so I had no idea what I was looking for." Rhimes built the character around Ramírez after Rhimes met them. Ramírez, who was initially given a recurring status at the time of the character's inception, received a star billing in the show's third season, alongside fellow cast member Eric Dane, who portrayed Dr. Mark Sloan.

Ramírez provided a cappella vocals in the song "Silent Night" for the soundtrack of the show's sixth-season episode "Holidaze," airing on November 19, 2009. Ramírez served as the main vocalist for the musical episode of Grey's Anatomy, "Song Beneath the Song", which aired on March 31, 2011. Marcus James Dixon of Gold Derby called them the "show-stopper" and wrote that they "stole the show in a gut-wrenching performance worthy of an Emmy award."

As the series progressed, the character's popularity soared and Ramírez garnered widespread recognition and critical acclaim for their portrayal of a complex character on television. Maggie Fremont, a TV critic for Vulture, reviewed Ramírez and Jessica Capshaw's performances during an 11th season episode, calling them "goddesses walking amongst mere mortals". Ramírez was nominated for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Television Series at the Alma Awards in 2007 and 2008. Also in 2007, at the 13th Screen Actors Guild Awards, the cast of Grey's Anatomy received the Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. They and the cast were nominated for the same award in 2008. In 2011, at the 42nd NAACP Image Awards, Ramírez was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.

In May 2016, Ramírez left the show at the conclusion of the 12th season, after having played the character for a decade. They released a statement saying, "I'm deeply grateful to have spent the last 10 years with my family at Grey's Anatomy and ABC, but for now I'm taking some welcome time off." Rhimes wrote of Ramírez's work on the show, "Dr. Callie Torres came into our lives dancing it out in her underwear almost a decade ago, and I could not be happier or more proud of her journey. Sara Ramírez's performance inspired me as well as millions of fans each week."

Ramírez turned producer with the 2016 teen comedy film, Loserville. The project was released in partnership with the Pacer Foundation's Center for Bullying Prevention & Stomp Out Bullying.

From 2017 to 2019, Ramírez co-starred in the fourth and fifth seasons of the CBS political drama Madam Secretary, replacing Bebe Neuwirth, who played Nadine Tolliver. They played Kat Sandoval, the new policy advisor of Secretary Elizabeth McCord (Téa Leoni).

In 2021, Ramírez was cast as non-binary podcast host and comedian Che Díaz in the Sex and the City revival series And Just Like That.... The character of Díaz has received universally negative reviews from fans and critics, with Kevin Fallon of The Daily Beast calling them "the worst character on TV."

Personal life
On June 27, 2011, Ramírez got engaged to longtime boyfriend Ryan DeBolt, a business analyst at TIMEC in Paris, France. They were married on July 4, 2012, in a private beachside ceremony in New York. On July 6, 2021, Ramírez announced in an Instagram post that they had separated from DeBolt. In June 2024, Ramírez filed for divorce from Ryan DeBolt, three years after announcing the couple's separation, citing irreconcilable differences as reason for the split. Ramírez also requested the pair's assets be divided per their prenuptial agreement.

In September 2016, Ramírez donated their hair to Locks of Love, an organization that makes wigs for children who suffer from medical conditions that lead to hair loss. Afterward, they sported a buzz cut, styled as an undercut.

In October 2016, Ramírez described themself as queer and bisexual at the True Colors Fund's 40 To None Summit (now known as the Impact Summit) in Los Angeles, California. In an email to the Huffington Post, they wrote that their decision to come out publicly was a "very organic and natural" one.

In August 2020, Ramírez uploaded a photo to Instagram wherein they came out as non-binary, writing:

"In me is the capacity to be

Girlish boy

Boyish girl

Boyish boy

Girlish girl

All

Neither

 * 1) nonbinary"

Prior to this post, they had updated their Twitter and Instagram bios to reflect she/they pronouns, which were changed to they/them sometime in 2021.

Singing career
Ramírez released their first single, a rendition of Silent Night, in 2009. The song was featured in the tenth episode of the sixth season of Grey's Anatomy. Their debut, self-titled, extended play came out in March 2011 on the iTunes Store under the label of Atrevida Records. The EP included four songs, including a cover of "The Story", which was originally recorded by Brandi Carlile in her 2007 album. Two of the three songs were co-written by Ramírez and the album's writer-producer Rob Giles. Sara Ramirez debuted at number 37 on the Billboard 200, number nine on Billboard Independent Albums chart, and number 38 on the Canadian Albums Chart. "The Story" debuted the same week at number 69 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 72 on the Canadian Hot 100, and number 34 on the Irish Singles Chart. Soundtracks for Monty Python's Spamalot (Original Broadway Cast Recording) (2005) and Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event (2011) were released under the labels of Decca Records and ABC Studios respectively.

Philanthropy
Ramírez is an activist and extensively campaigns for LGBT rights. They are a member of the True Colors United board of directors and The Task Force, and the San Diego, New York, and San Francisco LGBT Centers. They spoke in support of homeless LGBTQ youth at a True Colors Fund conference. In addition, Ramírez supports other groups including BiNetUSA, Bisexual Organizing Project, American Institute of Bisexuality, NDLON, and Mujeres De Maíz.

In 2015, they were awarded the Ally for Equality Award by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation.

In 2023 and 2024, Ramírez became a vocal activist in support of Palestinian liberation, participating in various protests organized by ACT UP New York.

Accolades
Ramírez won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical and the Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical for their performance as Lady of the Lake in the 2005 Broadway musical Spamalot. They gained widespread acclaim for their portrayal of Dr. Callie Torres in ABC's medical drama Grey's Anatomy. They garnered nominations for the Best Actress at the NAACP Image Award, the ALMA Award, and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series.

Singles

 * "Silent Night" (2009)
 * "Rollercoaster" (2015)

title: Sara Ramirez


text:
Japanese plum

Japanese plum is a common name for several trees producing edible fruits and may refer to:

 * Prunus mume
 * Prunus salicina, native to China
 * Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica)

title: Japanese plum


text:
Talk:Labour council

Choosing a title
As this organisational form in the labour movement has several names, it was difficult deciding which to use as the primary title. I decided that Labour council was perhaps the broadest title and similar enough to labor council used in the USA, and placed a redirect from Trades Council to it. If anyone thinks my choice of title needs changing, I suggest your arguments are stated clearly on this page, so that they may be debated, and hopefully come to a consensus for the best and most appropriate term to avoid unnecessary redirects. The other way around this problem would be to have articles for each particular term which seemed to me very inefficient and a duplication of effort. --Takver 06:01, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Industrial Council
This term was utilised for several years in the 1920s in Australia, with perhaps the best example being the Barrier Industrial Council still active today, however it was also used for other labour federations such as the Brisbane Industrial Council and Newcastle Industrial Council. In the USA it was used for early labor federations such as the Industrial Council of Troy, first federation of Troy unions, formed 1873; and Kansas City Industrial Council formed in 1898. --Takver 16:16, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Labour council. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20060413225709/http://www.tradeshouse.org.uk/about.php to http://www.tradeshouse.org.uk/about.php
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20041010184655/http://www.tradeshallglasgow.co.uk/history.htm to http://www.tradeshallglasgow.co.uk/history.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:01, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Labour council. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100111050410/http://www.tuc.org.uk/the_tuc/about_councils.cfm to http://www.tuc.org.uk/the_tuc/about_councils.cfm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:14, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Labour council


text:
User:Garglebutt

Retired as of October 24, 2006 due to disillusionment over random, often unfair and heavy handed administration of edit space. Dog meat was the last straw. Garglebutt / (talk) 12:38, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Garglebutt


text:
Talk:Lurker

Christian Atkinson?
The article states: "For example Christian Atkinson (Jake from holloaks) is a Lurker." As far as I can tell, this is an incredibly esoteric reference, if not blatant vandalism. Is there any reason why it should stay in this article? 4.19.111.130 19:51, 23 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Of course not. Yet, you expect anything to be truthful on here? Lol. Wikipedia has gone to sh1t.76.180.55.81 (talk) 05:08, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

Edit
Changes --213.64.90.59 06:08, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * "end of sentence." >>> "end of sentence". (It looks better. Is WP brittish or american? I think
 * "emphasized word" >>> emphasized word (because again, having a lot of quotes makes it harder to read, and bolding obviously emphasizes)
 * removed dual BBS link
 * added 3 buts to 1st sentence (Which sounds stupid, sorry. And this is my first major minor edit, so hey...)

Here is a proposal for some changes to this page. I would like to reorganize the layout of the page(page structure and information organization), add additional references/cite current information, and add additional information about lurkers from peer reviewed sources. Please let us know if you have any suggestions or things we should update. Below is the proposed page structure highlighting the new sections we would like to add.

New page structure (sections and subsections):
 * History section
 * Why people lurk section
 * Why do people lurk? subsection
 * Benefits of lurking subsection
 * Costs of lurking subsection
 * De-lurking and how lurkers are viewed section
 * Ethical implications section
 * Community factors section
 * See also section
 * References section
 * External links section

Jenno0101 (talk) 20:09, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

Smart ass lurker?
The smart ass lurker section seems unencyclopedic to me. Thoughts? --lightspeedchick 02:12, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

I agree, even though it's a fact worth stating. The phrase "smart ass" just seems out of place. Prgrmr@wrk 16:38, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Well, why not change it to Obnoxious Lurkers? --65.190.103.147 05:47, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

Neologism?
Is this appropriately tagged a neologism? I have never heard of it, but I am not a lurker either. I have done a simple search according to my proposed rule for inclusion as a neologism, see search results, and the term falls between the rules to include or remove. Under the Computing definitions, especially this one, the term has been in use for a ten years.

Types of lukers
Some of the sections describing the different types of lurkers appear to be original research. Also, terms such as "Smart Ass Lurkers" and "Perverted Lurkers" sounds a bit unencyclopedic.

Yes, I added the Perverted Lurkers section. Now, I wonder if I should have put, "Sexually-Motivated Lurkers." That describes more the type of lurking as opposed to making a judgemental statement.

On Smart Ass Lurkers, maybe that should be changed to Obnoxious Lurkers or Trolling Lurkers. Or the section could be expanded a bit and retitled, Trolls As Lurkers.

The Starcraft Lurker is not relevant to the type of lurking described here. Maybe there needs to be a disambiguation page.--65.190.103.147 16:27, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

Copyright violation
"The Lurkers Support Me in E-mail" belongs to Jo Walton, and should not be used without her permission. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.225.217.252 (talk • contribs) 07:38, June 5, 2007
 * Thank you, Ms. TNH. Er... should be thanks ma'am? Contractions and all that? :-) --AnonEMouse (squeak) 19:58, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

In Pop Culture
I'm not sure if the contributors know this, but "lurker" as a word did not originate on the internet. "Lurk", as a verb meaning to "sneak", is first recorded circa 1300 AD. Therefor, not every instance of "lurker" is a reference to internet culture. In particular "lurker" as used by Lovecraft and other fantasy/occult source materials has nothing to do with the lurkers discussed on this page. The only two that might be a reference to forum lurkers is the babylon 5 one and "200 Lurkers". But I'd like to see a reference for the babylon 5 one because it seems way more likely that the homeless were called lurkers simply because they lurked around in the bottom of the station than that they in some metatphoric way resembled internet lurkers.--24.151.184.192 (talk) 23:42, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, there is proof. Joe Michael Straczynski, creator of Babylon 5 actually posted to a message board that Babylon 5's "lurkers" are a direct reference to the internet forum/newsgroup "lurker." Reference: http://www.jmsnews.com/msg.aspx?id=1-8929&query=Lurker --Random Chaos, 16 April 2008 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.179.107.238 (talk) 03:10, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

Greg is a fag?
What's that? vandalism there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.137.166.127 (talk) 05:39, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

proposed image
Hello, I did this image and I want to donate it to wikipedia: http://www.nerdgranny.com/saint-lurker-ora-pro-nobis.jpg it comes from the nerdgranny.com website. ceers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.2.36.76 (talk) 22:28, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

Query about Word-origin???
The Internet concept of "lurker" has obvious affinities with the characters of "lurkers" on the 1990s television series "Babylon 5" which started in 1993 (just as the Internet was getting off the ground) and which was the very very first TV series ever in human history to have an unofficial fan-driven web-site (or any kind of web-site fan or official for that matter). Now, it seems to me very likely that the Internet usage of the term "lurker" derives from the Babylon 5 television series, but I don't know of any documentation to prove it. I think any research on this would be a good idea. Can't put it in the article on just a hunch, WP:OR and all that stuff (and if I say "probably" than I think I'm violating WP:WEASEL). But itwould be a good idea to try to investigate this.--WickerGuy (talk) 19:22, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

Mopo??
"Mopo.ca has the biggest percentage of lurkers of any forum on the web." WTF is this shit? First of all if it has such a high percentage of inactive users it probably means they're bot created accounts? Why else would anyone create an account? And then, how would we know they're the one with the biggest percentage? Looks like some shameless promotion to me. --89.124.240.70 (talk) 02:34, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

IRC - Lurking; BBS - Leeching
The concept that this article discusses in the context of its history in internet culture, specifically with request to the pre-web days of BBS and usenet is not accurately characterized as "Lurking," but rather the related but distinct concept known as "Leeching." Whether that terminology was used at the time (in the mid-late 1980s and early 1990s) is irrelevant and a minutiae of internet cultural historical lexicon that would require so much investigation of obscure digital historical information that we will have to leave it to someone who writes a book about the subject. What we currently term "leeching" is a more accurate term to characterize the behavior of BBS users who did not actively contribute content.

In terms of a phenomenological origin, "Lurking" almost explicitly derives from the behavior of the silent, uninvolved, "voyeurs" of channels/servers on early chat protocols like IRC (which also predates the origin of the world wide web in the 1990s) as well as other later chat platforms. To "Lurk More" is to tell a new member of a channel to stay silent and wait for instructions or to learn through example. A synonym in the context of IRC is to "scroll up," which means to review the record of the channel for prior examples that might answer any questions or otherwise prevent a user from fumbling with commands or social faux pas. "Lurking on IRC" or "lurking in " are terms that have been used extensively since the early 1990s at the very least. From the standpoint of associating familiar or easily understandable behavior and terminology with the more abstract and esoteric concepts of computer/internet usage, "Lurking" is also most accurately associated with IRC. practically speaking, a user of IRC will join a server/channel.... and potentially do nothing but watch as other users communicate with one another. In many cases, this means joining a channel with potentially hundreds of other users, so that their presence is completely invisible and undetected. Such users are essentially literally "lurking in the shadows" as though they were someone standing in the periphery of a group of people talking, listening to everything they are talking about.19:19, 3 June 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.233.86.84 (talk)

Original meaning
From the article: The term “lurk” can be traced back to when it was first used during the 14th century.[6] The word referred to someone who would hide in concealment, often for an evil purpose.

This suggests that "lurk" was originally a noun and meant what we now refer to as a lurker. Is this what is intended here? If not, and the verb sense is intended, then the definition should be modified accordingly to make it define a verb rather than a noun. — 79.173.140.49 (talk) 11:06, 3 August 2017 (UTC)

(Previously) Well known phrase?
Back in the good old days of Usenet (pre Eternal September) I'm certain it was already a well-known, and cliched, phrase that "The lurkers support me in email". (A similar claim to suggesting that The Silent Majority is of a like mind with the present interlocutor, usually in the face of the more visible and vocal and non-lurking hecklering objections to some point of contention.) Almost always, IME, it was said in jest (i.e. at such times and places as I frequented such discussions) but it was well understood that it had arisen from quite serious attempts to claim that 'off-channel' communications by those who prefered to stay off the threads or even newsgroups concerned trumped all those others more visibly present. And, as a bit of a wikilurker myself, I just thought I'd stick my head above the parapet to point out that (well researched or otherwise) this particular significant usage seemed not to be mentioned at all in the article - and maybe it should be? Or not, but I'll leave the suggestion here anyway. 92.21.29.32 (talk) 22:24, 26 February 2020 (UTC)

.
*lurks*

title: Talk:Lurker


text:
National Stadium, Singapore

The Singapore National Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Kallang, Singapore. It serves as the country's national stadium. Opened in 2014, it was constructed on the site of the former National Stadium, which stood from 1973 to 2010. The 55,000-seat facility is the centrepiece of the Singapore Sports Hub, a sports and recreation district that also incorporates nearby Singapore Indoor Stadium and other sporting venues.

One of the largest domed structures in the world, it features a naturally-ventilated design with a retractable roof, and has configurations for football, rugby, athletics and cricket. The roof is made out of insulated metal to reflect sunlight. The stadium serves as the home stadium of the Singapore national football team, served as the main venue of the 2015 Southeast Asian Games, and has hosted matches of the AFF Championship in 2014, 2018, 2020 and 2022. The stadium has also hosted non-sporting events, including concerts and religious gatherings.

History
In 2007, the Singapore government accepted bids for a project to build a new National Stadium and an accompanying sports and recreation district around the stadium (including an aquatics centre). Alpine Mayreder proposed a design inspired by Munich's Allianz Arena, Singapore Gold proposed a design known as "Premier Park" (which would have featured a retractable roof usable as a projection screen), while the Singapore Sports Hub Consortium (SSHC) proposed a design known as the "Cool Dome", a ventilated, horseshoe-inspired stadium with a retractable roof.

On 19 January 2008, the government named SSHC as its preferred bidder for the Sports Hub project and stadium, with construction slated to be completed by 2011. Minister of Community Development, Youth and Sports Vivian Balakrishnan stated that the SSHC proposal was the "strongest in offering a comprehensive sporting calendar", and "displayed significant strengths in programming, team culture and partnership, functionality and layout".

Construction of the stadium began in 2010 due to the delays caused by the 2008 financial crisis and soaring construction costs. By September 2011, the piling and the foundation of the stadium was completed and construction on the steelworks of the stadium fixed roof started. In July 2013, the installation of the stadium final primary steel 'runway truss' for the roof was completed marking the completion of the steelworks on the National Stadium's fixed roof in preparation for installation of the retractable roof. The stadium was set to be completed in April 2014. In February 2014, Sports Hub CEO Philippe Collin Delavaud announced that it would miss the deadline, and not open until June 2014.

The stadium's first sporting event was the inaugural World Club 10s rugby tens tournament in June 2014.

Design
The stadium features a 75,000 m2, 83 m-tall steel dome with a retractable roof, which was stated to be the largest dome structure in the world. Due to Singapore's tropical climate, the stadium's roof is designed to reflect sunlight in order to insulate its interior, while natural airflow is used to cool spectator areas with less energy usage than a venue of comparable size.

The stadium has configurations for football, rugby, athletics, and cricket. In its football and rugby configuration, the lowest tier of seating can be moved forward (covering the running track) to provide a more intimate experience. It takes approximately 48 hours to reconfigure seating arrangements to suit an upcoming event.

Playing surface
The stadium initially used Desso GrassMaster—which consists of natural grass interwoven with synthetic fibres—as its playing surface. After experiencing issues with the pitch's quality (which culminated in the New Zealand All Blacks cancelling a rugby match at the stadium during a November 2014 tour due to safety concerns), in May 2015 the GrassMaster surface was replaced by Eclipse Stabilised Turf—a similar hybrid surface produced by Australian company HG Turf.

Singapore Sports Hub CEO Oon Jin Teik stated that the stadium's unique microclimate had posed additional challenges in maintaining the GrassMaster pitch.

Mass Rapid Transit
The stadium is located above the underground Stadium MRT station on the Circle Line. Trains arrive every five to six minutes during off-peak hours, and two to three minutes during peak hours and event days. Other MRT stations nearby are Kallang MRT station on the East–West Line which can be accessed using a sheltered walkway and Tanjong Rhu MRT station on the Thomson–East Coast Line across the Tanjong Rhu Footbridge.

Buses and taxis
Bus stops are located around the Sports Hub complex along Stadium Walk, Stadium Boulevard and Nicoll Highway, with buses serving nearby districts and the city. Taxi stands are also conveniently available near the National Stadium, Singapore Indoor Stadium and Leisure Park Kallang.

SEA Games
The stadium was one of the venues of the 2015 Southeast Asian Games, hosting the opening and closing ceremonies, athletics, and football.

Football
The first football match held at the stadium is a friendly match between Singapore Selection XI and Juventus in August 2014. The friendly match between Brazil and Japan in October 2014 was the first sell-out crowd of 55,000 at the stadium. It also hosted the 2014 AFF Suzuki Cup in November 2014.

It is the venue of all the matches of the 2015 Premier League Asia Trophy that is held in Singapore which features Arsenal, Everton, Stoke City and Singapore Selection XI.

The stadium also held the edition of a friendly tournament, the 2017 International Champions Cup which features three major European clubs: Chelsea, Bayern Munich and Inter Milan. The following year, It hosted the 2018 International Champions Cup which also features three big clubs from Europe: Arsenal, Atletico Madrid and Paris Saint-Germain. The 2019 International Champions Cup saw four major European clubs participating in the tournament: Juventus, Tottenham Hotspur, Manchester United and Inter Milan. Cristiano Ronaldo, widely regarded as one of the greatest football players of all time, also played at the stadium scoring a goal against Tottenham.

In 2018, as a participant in the 2018 AFF Championship, Singapore played two matches at the stadium for the group stages as the home team.

As part of the Brazil Global Tour, Brazil played as series of friendlies against Senegal on 10 October 2019 and Nigeria on 13 October 2019 respectively.

On 15 July 2022, the stadium hosted the Standard Chartered Singapore Trophy, a preseason friendly between Premier League clubs Liverpool and Crystal Palace. In May 2023, it was announced that the stadium would host the "Festival of Football" in late-July, which would feature friendlies between Tottenham Hotspur and AS Roma, Liverpool and Leicester City, and Liverpool and Bayern Munich. AS Roma were later replaced by Lion City Sailors of the Singapore Premier League, after the club was forced to pull out of the match after a pair of friendlies in South Korea were cancelled due to financial issues with their promoter.

Rugby
The stadium's inaugural event was the inaugural World Club 10s tournament in June 2014.

The stadium hosts the Singapore Sevens, a stop on the World Rugby Sevens Series.

Concerts
Concerts from artists based outside Asia are highlighted in light blue.

National Day Parade
On 9 August 2016, the new National Stadium hosted Singapore's National Day Parade (NDP). The event had been frequently held at the old National Stadium in the past, and had been temporarily held at The Float at Marina Bay–a temporary venue on Marina Bay built to host outdoor sports and cultural events while the new National Stadium was being constructed. The design of the stadium resulted in limitations and modifications to the event, including the traditional military flypast and fireworks being obstructed by the stadium's dome, armoured military vehicles being unable to drive on the stadium's tracks, and the Red Lions being unable to parachute into the dome due to safety concerns. The parade thus incorporated different features, such as light shows (including a segment featuring models of Singaporean landmarks illuminated with projection mapping effects), large "puppets", and other artistic presentations.

The event faced mixed reception for its increased costs over the event held at The Float. Under the contract between the Sports Hub and Singapore Government, NDP organisers were allowed 45 days of free annual usage of the venue. However, technicians and performers reported that the time frame needed to be extended to 80 days, to which the Sports Hub requested an additional $26 million but was reportedly reduced to $10 million.

In October 2017, it was announced that The Float would be redeveloped as a permanent venue known as NS Square, and serve as the primary venue for the NDP when not held at the Padang every five years. The decision raised questions over whether the costs of renting the stadium would diminish the legacy that the former National Stadium had as a site for community events. Contrarily, it was argued that not hosting the NDP at the new National Stadium would free up its schedule for major international sporting events, especially during the summer months. Bids to host the Asia Masters Athletics Championships and the Merlion Cup at the stadium had also previously been stalled by costs demanded by the facility. Organizers raised the possibility of hosting the NDP at the stadium again in 2024 due to the construction of NS Square, but ultimately chose to host the 2024 and 2025 parades at the Padang instead.

Religious gatherings
In May 2019, the National Stadium hosted the Celebration of Hope, a three-day evangelistic event led by Rennis Ponniah.

title: National Stadium, Singapore


text: Talk:Lonestar

title: Talk:Lonestar


text:
Film scanner

A film scanner is a device made for scanning photographic film directly into a computer without the use of any intermediate printmaking. It provides several benefits over using a flatbed scanner to scan in a print of any size: the photographer has direct control over cropping and aspect ratio from the original, unmolested image on film; and many film scanners have special software or hardware that removes scratches and film grain and improves color reproduction from film.

Film scanners can accept either strips of 35 mm or 120 film, or individual slides. Low-end scanners typically only take 35mm film strips, while medium- and high-end film scanners often have interchangeable film loaders. This allows the one scanning platform to be used for different sizes and packaging. For example, some allow microscope slides to be loaded for scanning, while mechanised slide loaders allow many individual slides to be batch scanned unattended.

Some software used to process images scanned by film scanners allows for automatic color correction based on the film manufacturer and type. In many cases the source film may not be marked with this information in human-readable form, but might be marked at the bottom edge with a DX film edge barcode following a standard maintained by ANSI and I3A.

Dust and scratches
Dust and scratches on the film can be a big problem for scanning. Because of their reduced size (compared to prints), the scanners are capable of resolutions much higher than a regular flatbed scanner; typically at least 2000 samples per inch (spi), up to 4000 spi or more. At these resolutions dust and scratches take on gigantic proportions. Even small specks of dust, invisible to the naked eye, can obscure a cluster of several pixels. For this reason, techniques have been developed to remove their appearance from a scan, see film restoration.

The simplest is the median filter, often called despeckle in many graphic manipulation programs, e.g. in Adobe Photoshop and the GIMP. It works by examining a pixel in relation to the pixels surrounding it; if it is too different from the surrounding pixels then it is replaced with one set to their median value. This and other methods can be quite effective but have the disadvantage that the filter cannot know what actually is dust or noise. It will also degrade fine detail in the scan.

Infrared cleaning
Infrared cleaning works by collecting an infrared channel from the scan at the same time as the visible colour channels (red, green, and blue). This is done by using a light source that also produces infrared radiation, and having a fourth row of sensors on the linear CCD sensor. Photographic film is mostly transparent to infrared radiation (no matter what the visible image contains) but dust and scratches aren't, so they show up in the IR channel. This information can then be used to automatically remove the appearance of dust and scratches in the visible channels and replace them with something similar to their surroundings. A major limitation of this technique is that it can only be used on dye-based (color and chromogenic black-and-white) films; the image-forming silver particles in most black-and-white film stocks are opaque to infrared radiation.

Scanner manufacturers usually have their own name attached to this technique. Kodak developed Digital ICE at their Austin development centre, and is licensed by Epson, Konica Minolta, Microtek, Minolta, Nikon, and some others. Canon developed its own FARE (Film Automatic Retouching and Enhancement) system. LaserSoft Imaging developed the iSRD dust and scratch removal, on which among others Plustek is relying.

title: Film scanner


text:
Talk:Wende

Untitled
I agree. I found this article as a dead - end - stub in the article on Wolf Biermann.

So I basically wanted to plant some links, but merging is even better, or even deleting, but I do not know how to do that. However, I already included the keyword "Wende" in the article of german reunification. So the rest really can go.

andreas

title: Talk:Wende


text:
Talk:Intergovernmental organization

Count of IGO's
I believe the count of IGOS is not even close to 2,000. This sounds way too high. The source may have relied on the Yearbook of International Organizations which data is quite questionable. I would encourage a review of this source which discusses the reliability of the yearbook and further provides a more accurate count of existing IGOs. https://www.psa.ac.uk/insight-plus/blog/how-many-international-organisations-are-there-yearbook-international

Further, the Parliament Assembly of the European Union agrees that there's only about 350 IGO's in a report. http://techrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CoE-Report-29.11.2017.pdfCoderoyal 20:07, 26 May 2019 (UTC)

Untitled
What about a comparison chart as seen over at South American Community of Nations?—Tokek 06:10, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

International organization v. Intergovermental organization
The acronym IGO stands for, as far as I know, Intergovermental organization and not International organization. Would anyone disagree if it was moved? NisseSthlm 10:58, 6 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Certainly that is so, but it seems the conceit of the article-writers is that "international organization" is an acceptable layman's substitute for "intergovernmental organization", which is a term rarely encountered by non-experts. Perhaps this should be clearer in the article.--Pharos 04:53, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

International organization IS NOT an acceptable layman's term for IGO. An International organization can be a corporation like Coca-Cola or something, or an NGO like the Red Cross. I think this should be made clearer. An IGO is specifically associated with world governments working together. By the way it's goverNmental, not goverment. Arthurian Legend 19:47, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm in full agreement with Arthurian Legend. Where this needs even more clarification is over on the international organization page. That page seems to conflate the two terms. An intergovernmental organization is a type of international organization, but not all international organizations are intergovernmental organizations. --Sarisal (talk) 16:06, 27 June 2021 (UTC)

Why is this not on the disambiguation page for IGO?
check it out: IGO

Do more countries spell it as Organization or Organisation?
Organization / Organisation?

CaribDigita 04:17, 8 September 2006 (UTC)
 * There's no clear primary usage here, as international organisation is neither primarily American nor primarily British, so it's at where the first user (or the first creator of actual content) created it. — Nightst a  llion  (?) 18:04, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

IFRC and ICRC are International Organizations as well
I disagree with the definition of an International Organization being the same as an Intergovernmental Organization. Take the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the International Committee of the Red Cross for example. These are not NGOs. Information about the legal status of the ICRC can be found here and regarding the IFRC here (PDF)

To quote from the latter:

''Because of their unique mandates and composition, the international components of the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement – namely the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Federation) – are also considered to have an international legal personality, entailing privileges and immunities similar to those of UN agencies. The national legal personality of the ICRC and the Federation is normally stipulated in bilateral status agreements concluded with governments.''

(Timoluege 14:52, 2 August 2007 (UTC))
 * Well I think you have a good point. An international organization is really an organization which is a subject of public international law, i.e. possessing international legal personality. Now, there are two ways that an organization can acquire such personality: (1) creation by treaty; (2) creation by other means (e.g. as a private organization under national law), followed by having its international legal personality recognized by other entities already possessing such personality, whether by means of formal agreements or custom. I would say that the ICRC falls into category (2), as even though it was established as a private organization, its reference in the Geneva Conventions, and in agreements with individual states, and in the customary law created by the manner in which states and other international organizations have interacted with it. I suppose the IFRC would fall into a similar category. This might also explain the unique state of SMOM -- an international organization (albeit one not formed by the usual means, i.e. (2)) seems a more reasonably analysis than "a state without a territory" which would contradict the Montevideo definition of state. --SJK (talk) 06:51, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Differentiation between legal, usage and conventional definition
There are some problems which could be at any time causing to flag this article for dispute regarding the definitions in use:

The article starts with: "An international organisation, or more formally intergovernmental organisation (IGO)". This is either not accurate or must have a showing who and where have arrived to such consensus, otherwise is incorrect, International Organizations are not IGOs necessarily. International may describe either membership, scope or presence and not necessarily governments participation.

This could be solved with something as: " An international organisation is by definition any organization with international membership, scope or presence, however, in common usage, is a term commonly reserved for intergovernmental organisations (IGO) such as the European Community or World Trade Organization, with sovereign states or other IGOs as members." unless of course it can be cited a couple of solid sources justifying that only IGOs can be called IOs, otherwise it is incorrect even from a legal point of view.

It seems quite reasonable and well grounded argument, the definition should be much better as proposed Librarian2 16:38, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

Panegyric to France
The section praising France as having started so many international institutions is, I think, tangential at best. If anything it belongs in a misc. section, not under one of the main subheadings of the article. If no comments within a couple days I will move it somewhere/delete it. Dmhaglund 13:34, 21 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Come to think of it the article could use a 'history' section, where this bit on France would fit. Still it needs to be toned down and made a little more neutral; I'll start by removing the pretentious latin phrase, which the layman doesn't know, as well as a reference to the 'crusading revolutionary nature' of the third republic, which is bound to make 4 of 5 people irate. Dmhaglund 13:40, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

Need for Expert Attention
After looking more closely at this article and comparing it with some parallel language versions (particularly the German one), it seems this article definitely can use improvement. Unfortunately I am no international lawyer so won't try to tackle the issue myself.Dmhaglund 14:18, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I am. Do you refer to the International Organization article or to the one you were talking above ?  Dao  ken  15:04, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

 * The article in general has many errors. First of all cannot be redirected from IGO. The first thing to do is to at least create a stub at IGO while building an article and remove the redirection code. If you go making that I get busy on this one  Dao  ken  15:11, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I made a first revision draft only down to the beginning of Membership, see what you think. I must go now. Also disregards what I said above about the redirection from IGO, it is OK, but may be later we must make an article "International Organizations (other)"  Dao  ken  15:42, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

Confederation vs International organization
Whats the difference?--88.82.47.98 (talk) 06:01, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

Impact on world politics?
Currently says there isn't any (obviously not true). Anyone care to find out how they impact world politics? Kopachris (talk) 12:46, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Intergovernmental organization


text:
Talk:Le Monde

Defamation
I researched the claim of diffamation of June 2005 and found this source. If we are to mention this event, I think we should write:

On May 26, 2005, a French court of appeal found Le Monde director of publication Jean-Marie Colombani and guest writers Edgar Morin, Samir Naïr and Danièle Sallenave guilty of racial defamation for an opinion piece in which they claimed that "Jews, who were the victims of an unforgiving [power], impose their own unforgiving [order] to Palestinians".

However, I don't think it's appropriate to include this condemnation inside the article: Finally, to be truly neutral with respect to the case, we'd have to get the record of the judgment, some copy of the article motivating the lawsuit, and explain it all. The reason for the condemnation is a wide interpretation of a statute prohibiting incitation to racial hatred; this crime, or the wide interpretation thereof used by certain French courts, anyway don't exist in most countries and thus some lengthier explanation would probably be necessary for this event to be understood by most readers. David.Monniaux 06:10, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Every major newspaper gets sued every so often.
 * The article mentioned was an opinion piece written by personalities not from the newspaper staff and thus one cannot conclude anything about the editorial line of the newspaper itself.
 * I think its important to mention while its true that major newspapers are sued ofthen but court rarely found the sues justifible in this case the court found the editor of the newspaper guilty of "racial defamation" against Israel and the Jewish people.I think its importan to show the slant of this newspaper.
 * In France, the editor (directeur de la publication) is responsible for any libel, defamation etc. published in the newspaper, even if it was written by guest writers and does not constitute an usual editorial line, so it's really not surprising that he was sued in this case. Furthermore, if Le Monde had a habit of publishing racially insulting texts (as you seem to imply, with the word "slant"), it'd get sued more often and it would not be an event.
 * Finally, they were not found guilty for defaming Israel, but apparently more for having equated Israel (a state) with Jews in general. It is of course perfectly legal to criticize the actions of a foreign government (or the French government). What was found illegal was to imply that Jews (in general) support Israel's policies, which were described as criminal.
 * In any case, I think that mentioning a single court case about a single op/ed in order to illustrate the "slant" of a newspaper is misleading, and is not neutral — not to mention the inexact legal qualifications. If you really want to mention this event, please use the right legal qualifications and explain the case properly. David.Monniaux 19:14, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Someone please detail editorial structure.
I did a bit of reorganization and added a few bits, including the section on editorial structure. I hope someone who knows more than I will expand it. glasperlenspiel 05:44, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

American-style reporting
"Writers of lead reporting articles are not hesitant to venture interpretations and predictions in a manner which might surprise readers accustomed to American-style reporting, with its emphasis on objectivity, "just the facts", and leaving judgements up to the reader." What does the surprise of readers accustomed to American-style reporting have to do with Le Monde? The sentence also implies that American newspapers are impartial. It is both Americo-centric, and bias. Misodoctakleidist 01:56, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Especially since the news reporting of major US newspapers such as the New York Times is full of sneaky opinion (i.e. opinion presented in the guise of objective reporting). David.Monniaux 06:34, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

I rightly disagree. American newspapers by and large, whatever bias you might think they covertly express, profess neutrality in their straight reporting. That the French style, or even simply the Le Monde style, doesn't may cause this surprise in and of itself. --24.131.209.132 03:07, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
 * profess neutrality in their straight reporting Yes, they pretend to do so. Let's not confuse what people claim they do and what they do in reality. David.Monniaux 10:09, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

Clearstream Affair?
I would like to see a mention of the Clearstream Affair added, but I don't know enought about it to do so.

Can you provide a link or reference or simply illustrate the importance of including such topic within this article?--Balthazarduju 07:51, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Evening daily?
When in France, even in small and remote villages with a kiosque, I can always buy the edition of that particular day in the early morning.

 * As the article says:
 * Le Monde is published around midday, and the date on the masthead is the following day's. That is, the issue which is released at midday on 15th March shows 16th March in the masthead. The rationale is that the paper reaches its subscribers the next day, by which time the date is correct.

It is an afternoon paper in Paris, and an evening or next-morning paper elsewhere.... --Macrakis 13:30, 15 September 2006 (UTC)
 * AFAIK it's evening in Paris & next morning everywhere else. Of course how far away from Paris you are probably makes a difference :)

phrase
"with a circulation in 2004 of 371,803"; I don't understand this phrase. Please clarify and also update it. --Octra Bond (talk) 02:52, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

Category:Newspapers published in France vs. Category:Newspapers published in Paris
Category:Newspapers published in Paris is itself a category within Category:Newspapers published in France. — Robert Greer (talk) 17:34, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

Le Monde and Alain Bauer
There ought to be a footnote somewhere explaining why Mr. Alain Bauer played such a prominent role in the direction of Le Monde a few years past. He is, of course, a constitutional lawyer, but it would nevertheless seem unusual to a faraway observer to have a Masonic master either leading or helping a major French newspaper, as well as being a powerful figure in the recent Sarkozy government. ADM (talk) 10:40, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Le Monde. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20130916145335/http://www.ojd.com/dyn/_files/books/181-Book-20082009-Presse-Payante-GP.pdf to http://www.ojd.com/dyn/_files/books/181-Book-20082009-Presse-Payante-GP.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:05, 29 August 2015 (UTC)

English version describes "Pravda"
The English version of this page contains en entry for the Russian paper Pravda. This is obviously not correct. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:1C2:1600:A672:313C:122B:61E1:1C28 (talk) 06:15, 1 June 2018 (UTC)

FC Barcelona case
Here's a strange couple of sentences: "Le Monde has been found guilty of defamation for saying that Spanish football club FC Barcelona was connected to a doctor involved in steroid use. The Spanish court fined the newspaper nearly $450,000"

Firstly, since the fine must have been in euros, why is it converted into US dollars? Fine for an exclusively American encyclopedia, I suppose, but not really acceptable in an international one.

Secondly, why is there no date and this rather odd use of the present perfect rather than the past simple, as if to say that Le Monde has been found guilty just now, or that it has been found guilty at some point during its existence, rather than pinning it down to an identifiable event?

82.28.107.46 (talk) 23:01, 27 July 2018 (UTC)

Why is Le Monde not qualified as "centrist", "far centrist", or "left-wing"?
I am surprised to see Valeurs Actuelles qualified as right-wing or far right, and not see a similarly dismissive adjective applied to Le Monde, which is as much militant as Valeurs Actuelles. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Plm203 (talk • contribs) 16:06, 3 January 2022 (UTC)

== Hi my name is Brian. In my late father’s scrapbook. 📔 there is about 30 pictures of the beaches during the Second World War.some of the beaches during the fighting. On the beaches with damaged tanks.and boats. And unfortunately there are some bodies on the beaches. Plus some of the victory pictures of General de Gaule. Going under the ark de triumph. In a ww2 tank. Plus kissing the French flag 🇫🇷. Didn’t know if you might like to see them. Not sure how to send them to you. Thanks Brian. Uk 🇬🇧 ==

Photos of France 89.240.150.226 (talk) 16:08, 3 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Le Monde


text:
Singapore National Day parade

The National Day Parade (NDP) is an annual parade held in Singapore to commemorate its independence. Held annually on 9 August, it is the main public celebration of National Day, and consists of a parade incorporating contingents of the Singapore Armed Forces, Ministry of Home Affairs, local institutions and community groups, followed by a cultural presentation featuring music, dance displays, parachuters, and a fireworks show.

First held on 9 August 1966 to mark the one-year anniversary of Singapore's declaration of independence from Malaysia, it has been held annually since then. The parade had historically been held at the Padang, but were occasionally held at the former National Stadium, and in a "decentralised" format across the country to encourage wider public participation. Beginning in 1984, the Padang began to host the parade on a regular cycle (initially once every three years, and then every five years beginning 1995) and during all years marking anniversaries of national significance, with the event otherwise hosted by the National Stadium.

With the closure of National Stadium in 2007, it would be replaced in the rotation by The Float @ Marina Bay—a temporary, floating venue on Marina Bay designed to host events of national importance while the new National Stadium was under construction. Even with the completion of the new stadium, it would only host the parade once in 2016, after which The Float was designated as the event's "primary" venue. In 2023, the parade began a three-year tenure at the Padang due to the reconstruction of The Float as NS Square.

In the last decade, the National Day Parade has turn into a multi-weekend, month long extravaganza with combined rehearsals starting up to seven weeks before 9th August, beginning as early as the last weekend of June. This includes a series of National Education Shows for Primary 5 students, followed by two preview shows, complete with pyrotechnics and fireworks.

These full-scale, replica productions every weekend allow for up to 300,000 Singaporeans to participate as a spectator at one of the parades, with tens of thousands more around Marina Bay taking in the weekly aerial flypast and fireworks display each Saturday evening.

History
Singapore celebrated its first National Day as an independent nation in 1966, one year after Singapore's separation from Malaysia on 9 August 1965.

The inaugural National Day Parade was started in the morning at 9:00 a.m. that day. However, people came as early as 7:00 a.m. in order to get good vantage points. Singapore's first President, Yusof bin Ishak and Singapore's first Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew, were seated with members of the government at the grandstand on the steps of City Hall. When the parade began, six military contingents (including the Singapore Infantry Regiment, Singapore People's Defense Force, the Volunteer Naval Reserve and PDF-Sea and the then Republic of Singapore Police), a mobile column from the SIR, and various schools and civil contingents marched past City Hall and then into the city streets. Three military bands accompanied the parade inspection and later the march past with military music. The Singapore Fire Brigade also took part in this first parade with its firetrucks included in the mobile column. Rounding it all was a massed lion and dragon dance performance from drum and dragon troupes nationwide.

In 1967, the contingents increased to 76, including those of the then established Singapore Armed Forces, the RSP and more cultural groups, with the addition of more civil marching groups. The reason is partly due to the introduction of the National Service program in the military and police forces, and later extended to the Fire Brigade (Renamed to Singapore Fire Services in the 1980s). Street performances by various groups and choirs also debuted in that year's parade. The 1968 parade, although held on a rainy morning that surprised even the marching contingents and the dignitaries, saw the first ground performances on the Padang as the weather improved – a prelude to today's show performances. 1969's parade, the one where the Mobile Column made its first drivepast, commemorated the 150th year of the city's founding and had Princess Alexandra of the UK as principal guest.

The fifth NDP edition in 1970 introduced the Flypast of the State Flag and the Republic of Singapore Air Force Flypast, as well as the combat simulation performance by Singapore Army personnel was one of the new highlights for that year.

The 1971 NDP included iconic mobile parade floats from various organizations, 1973 was the first parade to be held from late-afternoon to early-evening time in order to promote the parade with better attendance and marked the official debut of the 1st Commando Battalion. The 1974 parade was the first domestic television programme to be broadcast in colour by Channel 5, following a previous pilot broadcast of the FIFA World Cup final.

In 1975, to commemorate the Decennial anniversary of independence, the Parade was, for the first time, decentralised into 13 parade venues for more public participation. Almost all of the venues lasted for an hour and all of them even had route marches on the streets to the participating venues.

By the time the NDP was held at the National Stadium (for the first time) in 1976, the NDP Guard of Honour, composed of officers and personnel of the SAF and the Singapore Police Force made its first appearance, followed after the parade proper by the first evening presentations by various groups, a prelude to future evening NDPs in 1980 and from 1984 onward. The 1976 parade dance performers were mostly female students from the country's schools, since that year marked the start of the United Nations Decade for Women. 1977's parade was a decentralised event like two years before (and like 1968's was affected by wet weather) while 1978 returned to Padang. 1979's parade saw another decentralised site, this time being held in many high schools and sports stadiums nationwide. The decentralised format would later be used until 1983, which was the final time NDP was held in multiple venues until 2020.

The 15th installment in 1980 was the first parade to introduce the feu de joie of the Guard-of-Honour contingents. The following year, SPF Civil Defense Command, presently the Singapore Civil Defense Force, later combined with the SFS in 1989, made its inaugural appearance, followed by the SCDF in 1982. The 1981 parade was held in both Jurong and Queenstown Sports Stadiums for further increase public attendance and participation in the celebrations. In 1982, the parade returned at Padang, marking the first time the mobile column drove past after the marchpast had concluded, thus making it a predecessor to the parades at the Padang from 1995 onward, once every five years.

The 1984 installment featured many firsts in commemoration with the Singapore's Silver Jubilee of self-governance, which for the first time, introduced a theme song "Stand Up for Singapore", and included a bigger Mobile Column, the first appearance of the popular Silent Precision Drill Squad from the Singapore Armed Forces Military Police Command and the first evening fireworks display.

The 1986 edition was the first parade held in the late evening, and the first to use flashlights for audience use. Other introductions were featured over the years such as the first appearance of the massed military bands of the SAF (1987), the card stunt (1988), and the Red Lions parachute team and the daylight fireworks (1989). In 1989, the parade was held in the afternoon but the 1991 edition returned to the evening format used since 1986.

In 1993, interactive participation by the public debuted in that year's edition to increase public participation and awareness of the parade as an important part of Singaporean life and as a symbol of national unity and identity. In 1997, a National Education Show was also introduced where Primary Five students from a selected number of schools attended in one of the rehearsals.

In 2003, due to overcrowding of tickets, the electronic ballot ticketing system was introduced as a countermeasure, and a ballot was conducted where citizens stand a chance at winning the tickets by registering their e-mail addresses or mobile numbers such as the NDP websites or phone lines.

In 2005 and 2010, aside from the main parade being at the Padang, it was also held at the heartland areas. On 16 October 2005, it was announced that due to the planned closure and replacement of the National Stadium as part of the Singapore Sports Hub project, the parade would be held there for the last time in 2006, and would move to The Float at Marina Bay—a temporary 27,000-seat grandstand and 130 m × 100 m (430 ft × 330 ft) floating platform in Marina Bay —for 2007. Despite offering a seating capacity almost less than half the capacity of the National Stadium, there was a vast area for approximately 150,000 additional spectators along the Marina Bay waterfront.

The 2013 installment featured a spin-off reality competition aired on Channel 5, titled Sing a Nation, which featured ten different groups who performed various songs for a chance at a lead performance for the 2013's parade. The 2013's theme song, "One Singapore", was also sung by the cast of Sing a Nation, and the song featured its largest ensemble, with 68 members.

The 2014 installment also featured its first female Red Lion parachutist to jump at the NDP, Third Warrant Officer Shirley Ng, after their initial performance in 2013 was cancelled due to weather conditions. The 2014 parade was notable as it was the last parade with the attendance for the first prime minister Lee Kuan Yew, who was the only member to have attended in every installment of NDP since 1966, as he died on 23 March the following year.

For 2015, portions of the festivities were held at Marina Bay, with screens simulcasting the parade at the Padang (held as part of the traditional five-year cycle, and to mark the 50th anniversary of independence), and the fireworks scheduled to be held at Marina Bay and the Marina Reservoir.

In 2016, the NDP was held for the first time at the new National Stadium, in an event that required modifications to the parade's format due to the limitations of the venue. After returning to the venue for 2017, in October 2017 it was announced that The Float would remain the "primary" venue of the NDP when not held at the Padang every five years, and would be redeveloped as a permanent venue known as NS Square. The decision raised questions over whether the costs of renting the National Stadium would diminish the legacy that the former National Stadium had as a site for community events. Contrarily, it was argued that not hosting the NDP at the new National Stadium would free up its schedule for major international sporting events, especially during the summer months.

The 2019 parade would be held at the Padang to commemorate the bicentennial of the founding of modern Singapore. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore, the 2020 parade was replaced by a series of broadcast-only events, beginning with the Prime Minister's National Day Message and a downsized parade at the Padang. Appearances by the Mobile Column, Red Lions, and flyovers by F-15SG fighters were scheduled across Singapore, while the traditional Funpacks given at the parade were shipped to each resident. Online programming, home activity ideas, and social media campaigns were also organized. A cultural segment took place at the Star Performing Arts Centre in the evening, reduced to only around 100 performers with social distancing enforced. The organizers stated that they wanted to bring the event "across the island into every Singaporean's home".

In July 2021, it was announced that the 2021 parade would return to The Float in a downsized form. The event would be closed to the public and capped at 30% capacity, with tickets provided exclusively to "everyday heroes". All attendees were required to be fully-vaccinated for COVID-19 and test negative. On 22 July 2021, due to the temporary reimplementation of Phase 2 "Heightened Alert" restrictions, it was announced that the parade would be postponed to 21 August 2021. A closed "ceremonial" parade would be held on 9 August at The Float, which was stated to be similar in format to the previous year's parade.

It was announced that the 2022 parade would return to full capacity, with a goal to "involve as many Singaporeans" as possible. Some safety protocols would remain in place, such as a requirement for all attendees over 12 years of age, and all performers, to be fully-vaccinated. The parade would be the last edition held at The Float before its reconstruction as NS Square (which was expected to begin construction in 2023, and be completed by 2026); the 2023 parade would be held at the Padang, and plans were discussed to possibly hold the parade at National Stadium again in 2024. In September 2023, it was announced that the parade would continue to be held at the Padang for 2024 and 2025, with these two editions marking the 40th anniversary of Total Defence and 60th anniversary of Singapore's independence respectively. Both parades are expected to include satellite events in Marina Bay and the heartland.

NDP editions
A historic venue for the parade has been The Padang, the site where Singapore's independence was declared. In 1976, the parade was held for the first time at the National Stadium, whose larger capacity allowed for more to view the parade live.

Although offering about 60,000 seats in the National Stadium, the demand for tickets remained high, resulting in several attempts to decentralise the event to bring the celebration closer to more Singaporeans. From 1975 to 1983, the NDP alternated between a decentralised event and one centred at the Padang or National Stadium. From 1984, the parade was held at the Padang every three years, with all other editions held at the National Stadium. This three-year cycle continued until 1994, when it switched to a five-year cycle beginning 1995. An exception came in 2019, when the NDP was held at the Padang to mark Singapore's bicentennial, and in 2023, where a series of three consecutive parades at the Padang began due to the construction of NS Square (including one held in 2025 per the five-year cycle).

The Padang, although historically important, posed a greater logistical challenge and also offered fewer seats for spectators. The event and rehearsals also required the closing of surrounding roads. There was a need to construct temporary spectator stands around the field. The site, however, was the only feasible venue for the mobile column, as the heavy vehicles could not be driven onto the stadium track. The Padang was used as the main performance venue for the 2005 parade, with other activities held in Marina South, Jurong East, Yishun and Tampines. Several alternate locations were mooted, including the utilization of the Padang, which is physically bigger and less likely to disrupt daily functions in the city. In 2010, the Padang was used again as the main performance with other activities held at Bishan, Eunos, Woodlands, Sengkang and Choa Chu Kang

Logos
Since 1998, a unique logo design was selected to represent NDP on all fronts (including social media). Even though there had been logos for some previous years' parades, the logos were used exclusively for years of special commemoration, such as silver jubilee of Nation Building (1984) and Independence (1990). Slogans have also been used, such as "Our Singapore, Our Future", first used in the 1997 celebrations.

With the introduction of NDP logos for 1998, every logo henceforth would be designed to suit the themes, in particular the foundation theme of the parade for the year. A tagline, which was previously known as a slogan, was usually added to the logo design. An example was in 2005, where the tagline for NDP 2005 was "The Future is Ours to Make", was placed on the theme "40 Years of Nation Building". These taglines are usually taken from previous National Day Rallies for the purpose of rallying the nation together on 9 August to meet the challenges ahead. The tagline "Together We Make The Difference" was introduced in 1999 due to the launch of the Singapore 21 project, and was replaced by "Together, A New Singapore" in 2002 when then-Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong proposed the "Remaking Singapore" initiative in the National Day Rally 2001.

Most of the logos use a majority of red colour, however in 2007, blue has taken over the traditional red to symbolise the water around the Marina Bay area. Regardless, the logos are important to note that the themes and taglines are largely different; and it is the theme that the parade or Show segment, on in some cases (2009 and 2015), both will be based on.

National Day songs
Under the Sing Singapore Festival, which inaugurated in 1984, numerous community songs have been composed. Nonetheless, only few National Day songs which struck a chord among Singaporeans continue to be sung annually in the parade. They are collectively known as the Sing Singapore Medley which comes after the fireworks display during the Grand Finale segment, or since 2008, forming the final part of the display.

Other National Day songs continue to be featured during the parade, either in the Pre-Parade segment, Parade and Ceremony segment or used as tunes to accompany the mass displays during the show part of the celebrations. In particular, for the Parade and Ceremony segment, in between the arrivals of Members of Parliament, Cabinet Ministers, the Prime Minister and the President, four songs each of one official language (English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil) will be performed. In previous years, the final song in English (before the President's arrival) has always been the NDP theme song (in 2007 this was not the case) while in NDP 2008, all the songs performed in the P&C segment (in between arrivals) were all previous NDP theme songs in recent years. (The song tradition would return in 2017, but only in the pre-parade portion and in a different language order, while past theme songs were played during the arrivals.) The music performed during the parades have evolved over the decades, reflecting not just the change of musical influences and styles, but also the country's multi-ethnic character.

The 2010 P&C songs were three in number, due to the fact that the arrival of the Parliament deputies happened before the parade, and were unique because all the songs sung were in English (one song even had lyrics in the three other major languages).

In 2011, there was the "Fun Pack Song" which went along to the tune of Lady Gaga's 'Bad Romance'. The song was shortly scrapped.

The 2013's medley saw a record number of NDP songs that featured in this medley, with ten and lasted about five-and-a-half minutes: "Stand Up For Singapore", "We Will Get There", "What Do You See", "One United People", "Turn Up The Love" (not including NDP songs), "Home", "One People, One Nation, One Singapore", "Count On Me Singapore", "We Are Singapore" and "One Singapore" (that year's theme song).

In 2014, it was announced that there would be no new songs produced for National Day for the 2nd time in its long history, and in a historic move by the organizing committee, the classic NDP songs will be sung again. That year's edition saw past NDP theme songs being played during the arrival segments, and broke tradition by having the Sing Singapore Medley sung as the epilogue after the national anthem was played. The Sing Singapore Medley finale was repeated again in the 2015 event, after the Pledge Moment ends. Both cases have now included the 1998 theme song "Home" as part of the medley, just as it was the case in 2013.

2016 will see the medley also accompanied by special needs students provided by the seven Voluntary Welfare Organisations of the island country hand-signing for the deaf and hard of hearing who will take part, yet another first. The 1998 theme "Home" was sung as well. (Since 1989, a deaf Representative has been present to sign the Pledge for deaf viewers of the event.)

The 2023 medley included in a departure from the past the theme songs from 2021 and 2022.

Theme songs
NDP Theme songs were first introduced in 1984, starting with "Stand Up for Singapore", and again in the 1985 Parade; "Count on Me Singapore" which was performed by Clement Chow at the 1986 Parade. Other notable songs include "We are Singapore" (1987–1988) and "One People, One Nation, One Singapore" (1990).

Theme songs were not prominent in the parades of the 1990s until 1998 when "Home", a song composed by Dick Lee and sung by Kit Chan. That year's parade feature "Home" and one more NDP song, "City For The World", sung by the children choir. Its popularity led to the production of the various renditions in 2004, including a rock piece composed by JJ Lin. This is partly to use the platform of the televised national event to increase awareness to new National Day pieces composed for the Sing Singapore Festival held then.

In 2003, however, a significant split took place when the National Day theme song of that year was not part of Sing Singapore theme song. Stefanie Sun's "One United People" was used as the theme song to better suit the theme of "A Cohesive Society" while Sean Wang's "A Place In My Heart" was chosen to lead the Sing Singapore 2003 Festival.

Before 2007, the theme songs come in two languages, the lingua franca in Singapore – English as well as Mandarin. To promote the songs, music videos that showcase local landmarks and lifestyle are made and shown on the Mediacorp TV network (save for CNA) a month before National Day and on the official NDPeeps YouTube channel and Facebook page; the songs will also be played on local radio stations. Legal MP3 downloads are also available on the NDP website from 2010 onwards.

Local songbirds that made it big in regional music scenes, such as Kaira Gong, Kit Chan, Corrine May, Stefanie Sun and Tanya Chua have been invited back home to perform various National Day theme songs. The winner of Singapore Idol 2004, Taufik Batisah, became a prominent choice to lead the nation in singing the NDP 2005's theme song "Reach Out for the Skies", alongside singer-actress Rui En.

In 2007, there were two theme songs instead of the usual one. 2009 was the last time a Chinese rendition of the English song was featured.

In 2013, the National Day Parade theme song will not be sung by renowned local artists but, for the first time, by fellow Singaporeans that join the "Sing A Nation" reality-competition organized by MediaCorp for that year's event.

It would be in 2014 when the NDP will not have another official theme song in a break from tradition for the second time, due to criticism of the past two NDP theme songs. In place of the theme song was three songs were remade into two music videos: "We Will Get There" and "One People, One Nation, One Singapore" sung by Ann Hussein, Rahimah Rahim, Gayle Nerva, Farisha Ishak, Tay Kewei and Tabitha Nauser; and "What Do You See" sung by Fauzie Laily, Jack Ho, Kartik Kunasegaran, Sivadorai "Rai" Sellakannu and Shaun Jansen. Dick Lee's 1996 song, "Big Island", debuted during the show segment of the parade.

The theme song tradition would return in the 2015 installment with a new song, "Our Singapore".

The 2018's parade features a remake of "We Are Singapore" while the 2019's parade remade "Our Singapore", the 2015 theme song, as its theme song.

In 2020, a new theme song was composed, "Everything I Am" sung by Nathan Hartono. The most recent installment to feature an original theme song is 2024's "Not Alone", sung by Benjamin Kheng and the SAF Music and Drama Company Singers.

The list of NDP theme songs are as follows:

 * Table Key

Chinese version Remake of original music  Recognised as a patriotic song

 * 1) Also used in the 1985 parade.
 * 2) The MTV versions were choral renditions performed by Young Voices, which comprises the choirs from the Tanjong Katong Girls' School and Tampines Primary School.

National Songs' Role In Nation Building
National songs are taught in schools and are also broadcast on national television. The communal singing of songs was used by the government of the time to unite the country. A National Folks Song Committee was launched in 1980 to achieve this aim. National Day theme songs are a subset of national songs.

National Day theme songs have been used by the government to define what it means to be Singaporean. The Singaporean work ethic is described as the key factor for the country's success with calls for Singaporeans to emulate the hard work of past generations in "Stand Up For Singapore" (1984) and "Count On Me Singapore" (1986). The unity of Singaporeans, in spite of their race and religion, is also highlighted by imagery that seeks to bring the country together, such as through the collective 'lion's roar' in the lyrics of "We Are Singapore" (1987).

National Day theme songs reflect Singapore's progress over time and retell the story of Singapore's rapid economic progress from "third-world" to "first-world". Songs from 1959 to 1983 reflect an attempt by the government to define a national identity. Between 1984 and 1996, the government sought to fully define and propagate the country's national identity. "We Are Singapore" (1987) included the lyrics "There was a time when people said that Singapore won't make it, but we did. There was a time when troubles seemed to much to take, but we did. We built a nation strong and free..." to increase pride in Singaporeans and reinforce the story of Singapore's economic progress. Songs from the 1990s to the 2010s reflect the increased educational status and cultural capital of Singaporeans by relying on lyrics that are less overtly patriotic. "Love At First Light" (2012) had no mention of the word "Singapore" in its lyrics.

National Day theme songs seek to define Singapore's future and serve as a call to action. "Home" (1998) reinforced the image of Singapore's place in an increasingly globalized world. It sought to reach out to Singaporeans living overseas to return home because Singapore is 'where my dreams wait for me, where the river always flows". The 1999 theme song "Together", was named as a reference to the title of the country's Vision Statement of that period. The music video of "Stand Up For Singapore" (2000) paints the picture of a progressive Singapore as the four lead singers — all under the age of thirty — danced in Mass Rapid Transit stations and the rooftop of a skyscraper. The 2009 theme song "What Do You See?" was the first song performed by an indie rock band.

A survey conducted by the Lee Kuan Yew Centre For Innovative Cities in 2021 found songs released prior to 2000 to be more popular with Singaporeans. These songs focused on the themes of dreams, home and nation building.

NDP funpack
Funpacks was introduced in 1991, which contains goodies which distribution varies every year. These goodies include food, drinks, vouchers from various participating companies and sponsors, items and commodities intended for the use during the parade, such as a theme-designed torchlight and the Singapore flag. Most funpacks are designed by students from local polytechnics and community services, although an exception happened 2015, where people from all walks of life designed 50 designs for the funpack, which also include a Singa Lion Figurine, some snacks and games.

Most of the years, the funpacks were also packed by selected members of the armed forces. In 2009, they were packed by prisoners through the Yellow Ribbon Project. In 2015, a similar funpack, the 'SG Funpack', which came in 50 designs, was given out to every Singaporean and permanent resident household.

In 2019, the funpacks were redesigned to be more environmentally-friendly.

title: Singapore National Day parade


text: User talk:71.34.80.141

title: User talk:71.34.80.141