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Masoumeh Ebtekar

Masoumeh Ebtekar (born 21 September 1960) is an Iranian reformist politician, who was the Vice President of Iran for Women and Family Affairs, from 9 August 2017 to 1 September 2021. She previously headed Department of Environment from 1997 to 2005, making her the first female member in the cabinet of Iran since 1979 and the third in history. She held the same level of office from 2013 to 2017. She is a full professor at Tarbiat Modares University in the School of Medical Sciences, Immunology Department.

Ebtekar was nicknamed "Mary", when she was the spokeswoman of the students who climbed up the US embassy during the 1979 revolution in Iran and held US embassy staff in captivity for 444 days, an incident led to the 45 years long feud between Iran and America. Ebtekar's son, Isa Hashemi is now residing in the United States. She said in an interview "we have to respect people’s individuality, my son decided to study and work in America and there is nothing wrong with that, this doesn't mean he supports the hegemonic nature of America’s domination."

Later she became the head of the Environment Protection Organization of Iran during the administration of President Mohammad Khatami, and was a city councilwoman of Tehran from 2007 to 2013.

Education and family
Ebtekar was born in Tehran as Masoumeh, Niloufar Ebtekar in a middle-class family. Her first name translates to "Innocent Water Lily" in English. Ebtekar's father studied at the University of Pennsylvania, and she lived with her parents in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania, just outside Philadelphia. During her six years in Philadelphia, she developed "near-perfect, American-accented English." Returning to Iran she enrolled in Iranzamin (Tehran International School). Later after graduation as a student, she became a supporter of the political Islam of Ali Shariati and began wearing a traditional black chador covering everything except her face.

Ebtekar holds a BSc degree in laboratory science from Shahid Beheshti University, a MSc and PhD in immunology from Tarbiat Modares University in 1995, where she still teaches. Ebtekar is married to Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi who is a businessman in the private sector. They have two children.

Academic career
Ebtekar has served as faculty member at Tarbiat Modares University, which is a postgraduate academic center located in Tehran. As Professor of Immunology, she has taught, supervised and advised PhD and MSc students. Ebtekar currently teaches cytokines, viral immunology, HIV vaccines, aging, immunology of the nervous system and psychoneuroimmunology. She has currently filed 72 ISI scientific articles in the field of immunology in Scopus in her name. In her speech to the Eleventh International Congress of Immunology in Tehran, she mentioned the detrimental effect of sanctions on the advancement of science in Iran and noted that sanctions should not be directed against nations. Ebtekar is a member of several research board committees and a reviewer for two international and four national immunology journals. Ebtekar was promoted to full Professorship in January 2019 and elected as Immunology & Allergy Association in 2018.

Claims of scientific misconduct
On 7 October 2008, eTBLAST, a text similarity search engine on MEDLINE database, noted that 85% of a review paper published by Masoumeh Ebtekar came from several previously published articles. The review paper, on cytokines and air pollution, was published in 2006 in the Iran Journal of Allergy Asthma Immunology (IJAAI) 5 47-56:2006. A couple weeks after the eTBLAST report, Nature covered the story, quoting one of the authors of original papers, (Ian Mudway, a toxicologist at the King's College London) as saying, "the article is a veritable patchwork of other people's work, word for word, grammatical error for grammatical error." Nature also stated that Ebtekar had not replied to its emails. In response, the editor-in-chief of the IJAAI issued a statement saying: "We regret for this duplication that appeared in the journal. We are working with the editors of the JACI journal [the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, a scholarly periodical that published three of the papers from which Ebtekar had copied] to find the best solution in this regard." In December 2008 Ebtekar's article was retracted.

The issue received some political and public attention in Iran. Ebtekar issued a statement admitting she had made a mistake and apologizing for it, but including a list of complaints such as eTBLAST's failure to inform her of their finding in advance, the fact that the article was a review article she was invited to write for the Journal, and that more than 76 references were given in the text.

President of the 12th International Congress of Immunology
In 2013 Ebtekar was elected as the President of the 12th International Congress of Immunology. The Congress was held on 29 April 2014. Ebtekar spoke in the opening ceremony and introduced Rolf Zinkernagel, the Nobel Laureate for Medicine, as the guest of honour.

Social and political career
In 1981, Ebtekar became the editor-in-chief of the English daily newspaper Kayhan International, selected by Khatami who was then the representative of Ayatollah Khomeini in Kayhan Institute. She served in the newspaper until 1983. In 1991 she co-founded the Institute for Women's Studies and Research. Since 1992, she has been the license holder and managing director of the journal Farzaneh Journal for Women's Studies and Research. Ebtekar was appointed as the Head of Women's NGO Coordinating Office and Vice Head of the National Committee to the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995. Later, she was elected as the President of the Network of Women's NGOs in Iran.

Early activism and role in the Hostage Crisis
Ebtekar served as spokeswoman for the students in the Iran hostage crisis of 1979, where Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line occupied the US Embassy and held 52 Americans hostage for 444 days. Selected because of her good command of English, she made regular appearances on American television as translator and spokeswoman for the students, where she presented the official positions of the students. She was referred to as "Mary" by foreign press, and "Tiger Lily" by the hostages, a play on the translation of "Niloufar".

Ebtekar wrote an account of the embassy takeover with Fred A. Reed titled Takeover in Tehran: The Inside Story of the 1979 U.S. Embassy Capture. Western media have systematically depicted Ebtekar's involvement in a negative manner, as Reed describes: "For twenty years the prevailing 'globalized' version of the embassy capture has cast the students at best as well-intentioned but naive young people manipulated ...and at worst as irresponsible extremists." Elaine Sciolino wrote about Ebtekar's own viewpoint: "Asked by an ABC News correspondent one day whether she could see herself picking up a gun and killing the hostages, she replied: 'yes. When I've seen an American gun being lifted up and killing my brothers and sisters in the streets, of course.'" She is said to be remembered by many Americans (hostages such as David Roeder, Barbara Timm, the mother of hostage Kevin Hermening and those who watched her on television) with a great lack of fondness, in part because "her familiarity with America added profound emphasis to her rejection of it." When asked by an American interviewer (Elaine Sciolino) in the late 1990s about her past as spokeswoman for the hostage-takers, why it did not appear on her resume, and why she had changed her name from Niloufar to Masoumeh, Ebtekar "had no apology and made no excuses" about her role, describing the hostage taking as "the best direction that could have been taken" by Iran at the time, but surprised the interviewer with her "chutzpah", insisting that the interviewer "not write much about these things." Sciolino published this article in the New York Times unaware of the fact that Ebtekar's book (Takeover in Tehran) was in print and would be published in 2001.

She was an advisor of Shahla Habibi, head of the 'Bureau of Women's Affairs' under administration Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani in the 1990s, and was reportedly the "main driving-force" behind the office.

In the 2012 film Argo, Ebtekar was portrayed by Nikka Far and called only "Tehran Mary" in the credits.

Vice presidency first term (1997–2005)
Ebtekar was the first woman to serve as vice-president of Iran when the reformists came to power. Along with Zahra Shojaei, she participated in the first cabinet since the Islamic Revolution to include women. She has been described as a leftist in Mohammad Khatami's alliance. Ebtekar headed the Department of Environment for eight years, introducing major structural, organizational and directional changes enabling a re-engineering of the government body. During her tenure environmental awareness and support for civil society activism in this area was enhanced.

Ebtekar's appointment led to the revelation of her past, and in the US questions were raised about whether President Khatami was aware of "how deeply" the hostage-taking and holding, and anger towards its foremost public defender, "affected both the American government and the American people." Many academics and literary critiques have written and expressed their views on her published memoirs. Following this, "some ambassadors" in Tehran reportedly stated they would no "longer meet with her" and would "discourage official contract with her office." In her memoirs published as the "Grapes of Shahrivar", Ebtekar repeatedly refers to her cordial and official contacts with not only Western Ambassadors, but also many European Ministers and Presidents as well. (chapters 8-16-23-26-30-32-33)

On International Women's Day in 1998, as vice-president of environmental affairs, she made a speech condemning the oppression of women by the Taliban Movement in Afghanistan. Her performance caused comment by members of the Western news media in attendance as she herself was wearing a chador, a reminder of compulsory hijab in Iran which many in the West view as a violation of women's rights.

In March 2002, Ebtekar was a keynote speaker at the Meeting of Women Leaders on the Environment in Helsinki, sponsored by the Finnish Ministry of the Environment. In September 2002, Ebtekar participated in the World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg, South Africa. In May 2005, she chaired the International Conference on Environment, Peace, and the Dialogue Among Civilizations and Cultures, held in Tehran. This event was organized by Ebtekar's Department of the Environment and also by the United Nations Environment Programme.

Vice presidency second term (2013–2017)
Ebtekar served as vice president and Head of the Department of Environment during the first term of President Rouhani, 2013–2017. During this period in spite of immense challenges facing Iran's environment, and irrespective of the fierce opposition of rival political and special interests groups, great strides were taken to enhance environmental governance and stewardship. Twelve environmental bills, a strong chapter in the sixth National Development Plan and numerous directives and guidelines were implemented during this period, while national plans to enhance air quality were promoted through strong cross-sectoral, management leading to better air quality trends.

The national Low Carbon Economy Strategy was adopted; the Cabinet adopted its INDC and the Paris Agreement, which the Parliament also adopted. This led to important strides in renewable energy including more than 500 MW of new solar plants and much more underway. Restoration of wetlands according to ecosystem management schemes and local community participation was undertaken leading to revival of Houralazim wetland, designation of Hamoun as a Biosphere reserve and improvement of conditions in Urmia Lake and many other wetlands across Iran.

A major campaign to enhance environment education, inclusion of 56 cases of environment related text and publication of the first textbook "Humans and the Environment" are some of the steps taken in this regard. A significant surge in the quantity and quality of civil society activism was the result of planning for enhanced nongovernmental organization participation in policy and oversight. During this term private sector involvement in the management of protected areas and managing wildlife conservation was promoted through legislation and incentives. Introducing local legislation for management schemes of national parks and protected areas and for wildlife and endangered species conservation schemes for the first time. Nature Rangers enjoyed high quality training and education programs while awareness campaigns led to improvements in their social status. International diplomacy in collaboration with UNEP, UNDP, JICA, UNESCO led to many joint projects including participatory training for local farmers and villagers in Urumia basin area, Conservation of the Cheetah, Second International Seminar on Environment Religion and Culture, First UN Conference on Combating Dust and Sand Storms, Project for Restoration of Anzali Wetland, Project for Coastal Zone Management Projects and many others.

The fifth international Green Film festival was revived, four rounds of International Environment Exhibition, four rounds of Green Industry Competition and Four Rounds of the National Environment Award was convened during this term. 20 Bilateral and multilateral MOUs were signed and implemented leading to more than 50 technical and educational workshops and sessions. Nationwide campaigns on "no to plastics", "reduction of waste", "and energy conservation", "no to food waste" and many others were supported and promoted. The National Committee on Sustainable Development was transformed into an efficient cross sectoral body to promote and monitor sustainability indicators at the national level.

Honors and awards
Ebtekar was named one of the seven 2006 Champions of the Earth by the United Nations Environment Program as a prominent and "inspirational" environmental leader who has made an impact at policy level in a region of the world. Ebtekar said that she believes the award was a team effort, earned by the scholars and experts that she assembled in her Department of the Environment. She names President Khatami as instrumental in stressing the importance of environmental initiatives. She was also named as one of 50 environmental leaders by The Guardian newspaper on 5 January 2008; the only Iranian or Muslim woman in the list.

In the 2012 and 2023 editions of The Muslim500 Ebtekar has been named as one of the 500 most influential Muslims in the world. Under the political section of this yearbook, Ebtekar is described as "a considerable force in the reformist movement in Iran".

On 24 January 2014, Ebtekar was awarded the Energy Globe Foundation Honorary Lifetime Achievement Award in Tehran.

On 29 November 2014, Masoumeh Ebtekar won the Italian Minerva Award for her scientific achievements and successful career in political arena. Minerva Award is a nongovernmental award established in 2009 in the name of Madame Anna Maria Mammoliti, Italian journalist and social activist after her death. The Minerva Award has been presented to famous figures active in different social, economic, political and cultural fields, and the receivers have been mainly women.

In May 2016 Ebtekar was awarded an Honorary Doctorate Degree in Political Science by the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea.

Post vice presidential activism
Ebtekar co-founded the Center for Peace and Environment in 2005, a non-governmental organization devoted to the promotion of just and sustainable peace and the protection of the environment. More than 120 experts and academicians are currently members of the center.

Ebtekar served as a moderator in June 2008 at the International "Women, Equality and Peace" Conference held in Oslo, Norway. The conference was sponsored by the Foundation for Dialogue Among Civilizations, Club de Madrid and the Oslo Center.

Ebtekar considered for running in the 2009 presidential election after Guardian Council indicated that there is no "legal restraint" against women doing so. However, she withdrew a few weeks before the election.

Ebtekar published her memoir as the first female Vice President of Iran, entitled the Grapes of Shahrivar on May 3, 2009. She has also published a collection of her essays and speeches on the environment and sustainable development, called Natural Peace. After leaving her government position in 2005, Ebtekar has spoken as inaugural or keynote speaker at many international events.

Membership in Tehran City Council
Ebtekar ran for and was elected to the city council of Tehran for the term beginning in 2007, coming in 9th out of 21 candidates, just after Parvin Ahmadinejad, the sister of the Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. She established and heads the Tehran City Council Environment Committee and currently runs 20 working groups on environmental issues.

After election to the City Council of Tehran in early 2007, Ebtekar began a weblog in Persian entitled "EbtekareSabz" under the free blog service Persianblog. In her blog she wrote 430 posts in environmental, political, social and women's issues, posted over 10,000 comments, the blog had one million viewers in 3.5 years. EbtekareSabz, which criticized the policies of the government and supported the reformist movement in Iran, was filtered by the Government once in early 2010 and again in June 2010. and finally obstructed with a judicial verdict in August. Citing the "right to freedom of expression in our constitution" as her incentive, she continued blogging by setting up a new blog.

In 2009, the New York Times described her as "informally represent[ing] the views of many of the former hostage-takers", supporting "engagement with the West" and a renewal of the "original ideals of the revolution, including justice and freedom," which many of her peers believe have been abandoned by the current regime.

In May 2013, Ebtekar signed up as a candidate for Tehran in the 2013 local elections, along with hundreds of reformist candidates. During the vetting process that is conducted by government and Majlis representatives, the majority of candidates, including Ebtekar were disqualified. Ebtekar mentioned her harsh criticism of government policies leading to air pollution and the deterioration of environmental standards as the main reason for her disqualification. Candidates who have objected to their disqualification will be considered for a final round in the Supreme Council for Election Regulation. She was also one of Reformists' candidates as Mayor of Tehran. However, Mohsen Hashemi becomes the final's nominate.

Reappointment as Vice President
After Hassan Rouhani elected as President of Iran, Ebtekar who supported Rouhani openly, was one of the candidates for the Ministry of Science. However, she was appointed as Head of Environmental Protection Organization on 10 September 2013, a position she had formerly served for eight years under Mohammad Khatami. On 1 August 2017, Ebtekar announced that she will be leaving her current position after the end of the first Rouhani government. She was appointed as Vice President for Women and Family Affairs in second Rouhani government. During the four years of Ebtekar's tenure the following measures were taken: 1) Adoption of 176 indicators for Gender Equity in the National Headquarters for Women and Family 2) Based on local Status of women's statistics and Gender Equity Indicators each of the 31 Provinces of Iran adopted a provincial Plan for Women and Family Advancement 3) Progress on the advancement of Gender Equity Indicators and provincial plans was monitored through an online monitoring system. 4) In 2017 President Rouhani set a 30% quota for women in decision-making positions in his government as proposed by Shahindokht Molaverdi< the previous Vice President, thereby initiating a process of educating/ training and appointing women from medium to high level positions in the government. During a period of four years 8400 women were appointed: 2 as Vice Presidents, 97 as deputy ministers, 17 as deputy governors, 10 local governors, many as executive directors and managers in the administration. During this term 5 women Ambassadors were appointed for the first time. As a result of this policy, the percentage of women in decision making positions rose from 5% in 2013 to 25% in 2021. 5) During this period 12 legal bills for the advancement of women were drafted, sent for adoption to the Cabinet or adopted in the Cabinet and sent as a bill for the Majlis or adopted ultimately as a law. Among the most important was the bill on Prevention of Violence Against Women which was adopted by the government of Rouhani and sent to the Majlis to be initially adopted with changes about 3 years later in the Parliament and still pending final adoption. The bill entitled Support for Children and Juneviles was supported by the government of Rouhani and urgency for its adoption in the Majlis was requested resulting in the ultimate adoption of this law in 2021. Another bill known as the Roumina Bill was presented by Ebtekar to the Cabinet and adopted to introduce more severe penalties for fathers who kill their children. In addition, a bill allowing mothers to manage financial affairs of their children's bank accounts was presented and adopted in the cabinet and sent for final adoption to the Majlis. During this term for the first time, more than 900 by-laws and regulations related to women and family, some dating back several decades were codified, nullified or endorsed and finally adopted in the Cabinet.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, Iranian state media announced that Ebtekar had been diagnosed with COVID-19. The infection was described as mild and she was not admitted to hospital. On 11 March, Ebtekar tweeted that she had recovered from the virus.

Books
In 2010 Ebtekar contributed to Moral Ground a testimony of over eighty visionaries—theologians and religious leaders, scientists, elected officials, business leaders, naturalists, activists, and writers—to present a diverse and compelling call to honor our individual and collective moral responsibility to our planet. In her essay entitled "Peace and Sustainability Depend on the Spiritual and the Feminine" Ebtekar provides her views on the interrelated nature of peace and sustainable development. She also took part in a project to develop a book entitled Women, Power and Politics in 21st Century Iran. The book, published in 2012 by Ashgate, provides an objective perspective on the conditions of women in Iran. Chapter 10 titled "Women and the Environment" has been authored by Massoumeh Ebtekar. In 2011 Ebtekar also co-authored a chapter in the book Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells published by Springer. Chapter 3 "Characteristics of Cord Blood Cells" is a review performed by a team of researchers in Iran.

title: Masoumeh Ebtekar


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Mali Mokri Lug

Mali Mokri Lug (Мали Мокри Луг) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, Serbia. It is located in the south-eastern section of Belgrade's municipality of Zvezdara. It marks the border with the municipality of Grocka. It mostly stretches between Bulevar kralja Aleksandra and the Highway Belgrade–Niš, but also north of the boulevard (Zeleno Brdo). It extends into the neighborhoods of Mirijevo on the north, Konjarnik on the west, Medaković III on the south-west, Veliki Mokri Lug on the south and Kaluđerica (in Grocka municipality) on the east.

Geography
Mali Mokri Lug occupies the northern section of the Mokroluški potok valley, which is today used as a route for the Belgrade-Niš highway and divides Mali Mokri Lug and Veliki Mokri Lug. The neighborhood occupies the southern slopes of several hills (Bajdina, Zeleno Brdo, Stojčino Brdo with an altitude of 270 m), descending into the Mokroluški potok's valley, so the entire neighborhood is built downhill.

Antiquity
Belgrade's predecessor was a Celtic and Roman town of Singidunum. While the town's castrum occupied part of today's Belgrade Fortress, Singidunum's civilian zone spread from the modern Kralja Petra Street, over the both Sava and Danube slopes, till the neighborhood of Kosančićev Venac, extending in a series of necropolises from Republic Square, along the Bulevar kralja Aleksandra all the way to Mali Mokri Lug. One of the forts built by the Romans to protect the Via Militaris road, was Mutatio ad Sextum, on the location of modern neighborhood.

The Romans built an aqueduct to conduct water from the hill of Stojčino Brdo, sometime in the first half of the 1st century. It extended down the route Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra-Cvetkova Pijaca-Vojislava Ilića Street-Mileševska Street-Pioneers Park, into the castrum. Some parts of this waterworks system remained in use up to the 1870s. The water spring at Stojčino Brdo is still operational, and one of the reservoirs of the city's modern water supply system is located there.

Modern history
From 1929 to 1944, Mali Mokri Lug hosted a Buddhist temple built by the Kalmyk, refugees who had fought the Red Army in Russia and settled in Serbia, like many other White (Russian) refugees. This was the oldest permanent Buddhist temple in Europe outside of the Russian and British empires. Since most Kalmyks fled in fear of the advancing Red Army, Josip Broz Tito's partisans requisitioned the building, damaged in the fighting for Liberation of Belgrade, turned it into a community centre, but a few years later sold it to a machinery plant which pulled it down and built a concrete workshop in its stead.

Mali Mokri Lug used to be a separate village, outside Belgrade's urban zone. As Belgrade developed, with the construction of the large neighborhood of Konjarnik in the 1960s and 1970s and Mali Mokri Lug's rapid development as a suburb, it became part of the city's urban tissue and lost separate status after 1971, becoming a local community (mesna zajednica, sub-municipal administrative unit) within Belgrade city proper (uža teritorija grada). Mali Mokri Lug continued to grow and now makes the easternmost section of Belgrade's urban proper, developing further east along Bulevar kralja Aleksandra and Smederevski put, its continuation. With this growth, it now also makes continuous built-up area with formerly separate Veliki Mokri Lug (on the highway, at "Lasta" garage, at a tripoint with Kaluđerica's sub-neighborhood of Klenak at the bridge over the highway and with Kaluđerica directly along Smederevski put ).

Mali Mokri Lug had its own municipality in the 1950s. It was abolished on 1 January 1957 and merged into Zvezdara. It also comprised Kaluđerica, Leštane and Vinča which were later detached and annexed to the municipality of Grocka. Population of the municipality by the 1953 census was

In June 2017, a new community health center was opened.

Population
According to the 2002 census of population, Mali Mokri Lug had 22,024 inhabitants. It had a population of 1,600 in 1921 and 10,378 in 1971, before it was attached to Belgrade. Its name can be translated into English as "little wet grove". Likewise, the neighboring Veliki Mokri Lug means "large wet grove". The name originates from the presence of numerous water sources, now mostly in the eastern section of Veliki Mokri Lug. Near the highway, a cemetery for both neighborhoods is located (Mokroluško groblje). The area is primarily residential, but a major commercial zone developed along Bulevar kralja Aleksandra, with many repair shops, stores, etc.

Twin cities

 * 🇧🇬 Burgas, Bulgaria

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mali Mokri Lug


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Shinji Higuchi

Shinji Higuchi (樋口 真嗣) is a Japanese filmmaker. Known for his tokusatsu blockbusters, Higuchi is considered one of Japan's leading filmmakers of the 21st century.

Higuchi became known for his work on Gamera: Guardian of the Universe, for which he won the Special Technology Award at the 19th Japan Academy Film Prize. In 2005, he made his feature directorial debut on Lorelei: The Witch of the Pacific Ocean. His second feature film, Sinking of Japan (2006), was second place at the Bunshun Kiichigo Awards. His 2015 live-action two-part film adaptation of Hajime Isayama's manga series, Attack on Titan, won the Excellence in Theatrical Live Action Film award at the 2016 VFX-JAPAN Awards. In 2017, Higuchi and Hideaki Anno won the Director of the Year award at the 40th Japan Academy Film Prize, for their work on the 2016 kaiju film, Shin Godzilla. His 2022 film, Shin Ultraman, was a major success in Japan, and has received generally positive reviews from critics internationally.

Early life
Higuchi was born on September 22, 1965, in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. When Higuchi was in junior high school, his aunt took him on a tour of Toho Studios, where she worked on commercials. Upon watching Toho's special effects crew at work, Higuchi became inspired and frequently visited the filming sets.

In 2019, Higuchi told French interviewers about his education: "At the end of high school, when I had to pass the entrance examinations to universities, I failed everything. But since I was in a very popular high school, the school leaders refused to let me leave empty-handed! [laughs] So they said to me: 'you have to pass an exam, any!' I ended up passing my entrance examination for the Japanese Post Office, as a civil servant. I was sorted, locked up in a warehouse."

Early career
Higuchi entered the Japanese film industry in 1984, working as an assistant modeler on The Return of Godzilla. Two years later, he directed the special effects for Daicon's tokusatsu fan film Yamata no Orochi no Gyakushū.

As a key Daicon/Gainax member, he played an important part in the creation of one of the most popular anime series, Neon Genesis Evangelion (1995). He was a writer and art director/storyboarder for the series. He was also the namesake for the show's protagonist, Shinji Ikari. He later voice-acted a musician modeled after himself in two episodes of Karekano.

Higuchi made his directorial debut in 1992 with the disaster film The Day the Sun Fissured: The Great Tokyo Earthquake which he produced for Tokyo Fire Department.

Personal affairs
Higuchi supports Japan's whaling and consumptions of whale meats in general, and have appeared in the 2023 pro-whaling documentary film by Keiko Yagi, the director of the 2015 film Behind The Cove. The 2023 documentary featured the pro-whaling claim to highlight the necessity of whaling to control the marine ecosystem to prevent declines of fish stocks by whales, which largely affected public opinion regards the issues in Japan. The Fisheries Agency of Japan withdrew the claim in 2009 at the annual meeting of International Whaling Commission, but didn't correct it domestically afterwards. Yagi and Higuchi remarked that "Godzilla is closely connected to whales and environmental issues in naming of the character and other aspects", and expressed their supports for whaling and skeptical views towards veganism.

title: Shinji Higuchi


text:
Charles Angrand

Charles Angrand (19 April 1854 – 1 April 1926) was a French artist who gained renown for his Neo-Impressionist paintings and drawings. He was an important member of the Parisian avant-garde art scene in the late 1880s and early 1890s.

Early life and work
Charles Théophile Angrand was born in Criquetot-sur-Ouville, Normandy, France, to schoolmaster Charles P. Angrand (1829–96) and his wife Marie (1833–1905).

He received artistic training in Rouen at Académie de Peinture et de Dessin. His first visit to Paris was in 1875, to see a retrospective of the work of Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot at École des Beaux-Arts. Corot was an influence on Angrand's early work.

After being denied entry into École des Beaux-Arts, he moved to Paris in 1882, where he began teaching mathematics at Collège Chaptal. His living quarters were near Café d'Athènes, Café Guerbois, Le Chat Noir, and other establishments frequented by artists. Angrand joined the artistic world of the Parisian avant-garde, becoming friends with influential members including Georges Seurat, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Signac, Maximilien Luce, and Henri-Edmond Cross. His avant-garde artistic and literary contacts influenced him, and in 1884 he co-founded Société des Artistes Indépendants, along with Seurat, Signac, Odilon Redon, and others.

Art

Angrand's Impressionist paintings of the early 1880s, generally depicting rural subjects and containing broken brushstrokes and light-filled colouration, reflect the influences of Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, and Jules Bastien-Lepage. Through his interactions with Seurat, Signac, and others in the mid-1880s, his style evolved towards Neo-Impressionism. From 1887 his paintings were Neo-Impressionist and his drawings incorporated Seurat's tenebrist style. Angrand had the "ability to distil poetry from the most banal suburban scene". In 1887 he met van Gogh, who proposed a painting exchange (which ultimately did not happen). Van Gogh was influenced by Angrand's thick brushstrokes and Japanese-inspired compositional asymmetry. Also in 1887, L'Accident, his first Divisionist painting, was exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants. Angrand joined Seurat in plein air painting on La Grande Jatte island.

Angrand's implementation of Pointillist techniques differed from that of some of its leading proponents. He painted with a more muted palette than Seurat and Signac, who used bright contrasting colours. As seen in Couple in the street, Angrand used dots of various colours to enhance shadows and provide the proper tone, while avoiding the violent colouration found in many other Neo-Impressionist works. His monochrome conté crayon drawings such as his self-portrait above, which also demonstrate his delicate handling of light and shadow, were assessed by Signac: "... his drawings are masterpieces. It would be impossible to imagine a better use of white and black ... These are the most beautiful drawings, poems of light, of fine composition and execution."

Angrand exhibited his work in Paris at Les Indépendants, Galerie Druet, Galérie Durand-Ruel, and Bernheim-Jeune, and also in Rouen. His work appeared in Brussels in an 1891 show with Les XX. In the early 1890s, he abandoned painting, instead creating conté drawings and pastels of subjects including rural scenes and depictions of mother and child, realized in dark Symbolist intensity. During this period, he also drew illustrations for anarchist publications such as Les Temps nouveaux; other Neo-Impressionists contributing to these publications included Signac, Luce, and Théo van Rysselberghe.

Later years
In 1896 he moved to Saint-Laurent-en-Caux, in Upper Normandy. He began painting again around 1906, emulating the styles and colours of Signac and Cross. Angrand developed his own unique methods of Divisionism, with larger brushstrokes. As this resulted in rougher optical blending than small dots, he compensated by using more intense colours. Some of his landscapes from this period are almost nonrepresentational. Before World War I, he lived for a year in Dieppe. Then he moved back to Rouen, living there for the rest of his life. He was very reclusive for his last thirty years, but remained a dedicated correspondent. Angrand died in Rouen on 1 April 1926. He is buried in Cimetière monumental de Rouen.

Collections
Angrand's work is in many museum collections, including Ateneum (Finnish National Gallery), Cleveland Museum of Art, Hecht Museum, Indianapolis Museum of Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Musée d'Orsay, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek.

Influence
In 2010, LAVA created the Charles Angrand (Artwork) Award, which has been awarded annually since 2011. The LAVA Awards are held annually to honor excellence in books relating to the principles of liberty, with the Charles Angrand Award being the grand prize award for artwork.

title: Charles Angrand


text:
Pieter Kooijmans

Pieter Hendrik "Peter" Kooijmans (6 July 1933 – 13 February 2013) was a Dutch politician, jurist, and diplomat. He was a member of the defunct Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), which later merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party. From 1993 to 1994, he served as Foreign Minister of the Netherlands, succeeding Hans van den Broek. In 1995, he returned to his former position as Professor of Public International Law at the University of Leiden, serving until his appointment to the International Court of Justice. He was granted the honorary title of Minister of State on 13 July 2007.

Early life and education
Pieter Hendrik Kooijmans was born on 6 July 1933 in Heemstede in the Netherlands. His father was Johannes Kooijmans, an engineer and a member of the municipal council of Heemstede, and his mother was Alida Jonker.

Kooijmans went to the secondary school Eerste Christelijk Lyceum in Haarlem, where he followed the gymnasium program in humanities.

Kooijmans studied at the Free University Amsterdam from July 1951, majoring in Economics and Law, obtaining a Bachelor of Economics degree in June 1953 and an Bachelor of Laws degree in July 1954. He then worked as a student researcher before graduating with a Master of Economics degree in June 1957 and an Master of Laws degree in July 1958. Kooijmans worked as a researcher at the Free University Amsterdam from July 1958 until January 1960, and then as an associate professor of International law there from 1 January 1960 until 20 February 1964, when he earned a doctorate as an Doctor of Law in Constitutional law.

In 1951, he started his studies [in [economics]] and Dutch law at the Free University in Amsterdam. He received his candidate degree in economics (Bachelor of Economics) in 1955 and his master's degree in law (Master of Law) cum laude in 1957. He obtained his doctorate in constitutional law (Doctor of Law) with his dissertation The doctrine of the legal equality of states; an inquiry into the foundations of international law at the Free University in 1964.

Academic and political career
Following graduation, Kooijmans joined the University's faculty as Professor of Public International Law and European Law, from 20 February 1964 until 11 May 1973. In 1976 and again in 1991, he served as a lecturer at The Hague Academy of International Law. From 1978 to 1992, he served as a Professor of Public International Law at the University of Leiden.

He served in the Dutch Foreign Ministry as State Secretary for Foreign Affairs from 1973 to 1977. After the election of 1972 Kooijmans was appointed as State Secretary for Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet Den Uyl until 19 December 1977. The Cabinet Den Uyl fell on 22 March 1977 after four years of tensions in the coalition and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity. In May 1977 Kooijmans announced that he wouldn't stand for the election of 1977. Following the cabinet formation of 1977 Kooijmans was not giving a cabinet post in the new cabinet, the Cabinet Den Uyl was replaced by the Cabinet Van Agt–Wiegel on 19 December 1977.

Kooijmans semi-retired from national politics and became active in the public sector and served as a professor of International law and International relations at the Leiden University from 10 January 1978 until 20 December 1992 and served as a professor of International law and International relations at The Hague Academy of International Law from 1 August 1979 until 1 November 1989. Kooijmans also served as an diplomat on behalf of the United Nations as a special rapporteur on Human rights and Torture.

Kooijmans was appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet Lubbers III following the appointment of Hans van den Broek as the European Commissioner, taking office on 3 January 1993. In September 1993 Kooijmans announced that he would not stand for the election of 1994. The Cabinet Cabinet Lubbers III was replaced by the Cabinet Kok I on 22 August 1994.

He served as a Judge on the International Court of Justice from 1997 to 2006.

On 5 February 2014, Kooijmans' alma mater, the Vrije Universiteit started the Kooijmans Institute.

title: Pieter Kooijmans


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User talk:Dukeraol

Hey, this is Duke Raol.

I enjoy reading Wilipedia for fun.

title: User talk:Dukeraol


text:
User:Sivak

Hello. My alias is Sivak and this is a little page about me. I have done some miscellaneous work here and there on the Wikipedia and have written some information for articles that interest me. I've added a bunch of userboxes on the right to help sum up some things.

Interests
I'm into a lot of games and game-related material. I like game design and recently made the game Battle Kid: Fortress of Peril. My favorite puzzle game series of all time is the Lolo series, better known as the Eggerland series. I also like several games in the Final Fantasy series as well as other RPGs such as the games from lesser-known Gold Box series, which are computer games based on Dungeons and Dragons.

Other enjoyable games: Deus Ex, Unreal Tournament, Warcraft III

Last year, I became accustomed to new board games such as Xiangqi, Shogi, and Go, which are both strategy-based games like Chess. I sometimes play Go at a club. I haven't been able to find many Xiangqi or Shogi players, however.

In addition to gaming, I like web site design and midi composition. I mainly use a Roland XV-5050 to do midi work.

I studied German for a few years in college and can speak at a fairly good level. Not as perfectly as I would like, however. Currently studying Japanese. I also know some basic Spanish.

Video games

 * Eggerland series along with individual game articles
 * Eggerland Mystery
 * Eggerland 2
 * Adventures of Lolo
 * Adventures of Lolo 2
 * Adventures of Lolo 3
 * Gold Box
 * Gold Box gameplay along with individual game articles
 * Pool of Radiance
 * Curse of the Azure Bonds
 * Secret of the Silver Blades
 * Pools of Darkness
 * Champions of Krynn
 * Death Knights of Krynn
 * The Dark Queen of Krynn
 * Gateway to the Savage Frontier
 * Treasures of the Savage Frontier
 * Jackie Chan's Action Kung Fu
 * Master Chu and the Drunkard Hu
 * Puss 'n Boots: Pero's Great Adventure
 * Yo! Noid
 * Eyes

Board games

 * Game of Go
 * Shogi
 * Chu shogi
 * Xiangqi

Television

 * Captain N
 * Dinosaucers
 * Lingo

Movies

 * Searching for Bobby Fischer

People

 * Dan Enright
 * Herb Stempel

Other

 * Draconian (Dragonlance)

Nickname information
The origin of my nick name is as follows: Sivaks /Sǐv'-ǎk/ are a type of draconian, found in the Dragonlance series.

A Sivak is born of a silver dragon's egg and typically stands 9 feet tall. Sivaks do not possess any magical abilities, but prefer to engage in melee combat. A Sivak is also the only draconian that can truly fly. Upon death, Sivaks will shapeshift into their killer and turn into soot 2 days later. If the killer is larger than the Sivak then it will burst into flames causing damage to nearby targets.

Sivaks can shapeshift into anything they kill as long as it is not larger than they are. They gain the voice and appearance of the victim, but none of the victim's memories.

title: User:Sivak


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Talk:Abessive case

Untitled
I'm not sure it's really idioms where the abessive of Finnish language is seen. It really is more productive with all deverbal ma-infinitives of verbs, ie. abessive is commonly used in meaning "without doing" with all verbs.

 * This is quite right; I corrected the wrong information in the article.--AAikio 08:25, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Spam links?
The 'Estonian' section had two external links in it to the websites of the Nimeta baar and Nimega baar. I changed these into references since you're not supposed to have external links in the middle of an article, but in fact I'm not sure they belong in the references either since they seem kind of like an advertisement for the bars. Maybe move them into the external links section?

Also, the Nimega baar link seems to have rotted. Cathfolant (talk) 02:04, 28 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120313133736/http://www.baarid.ee/en/NimegaBar/programm.php to http://www.baarid.ee/en/NimegaBar/programm.php

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External links modified
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title: Talk:Abessive case


text:
Jamie Delano

Jamie Delano (born 1954) is an English comic book writer. He was part of the first post-Alan Moore "British Invasion" of writers which started to feature in American comics in the 1980s. He is best known as the first writer of the comic book series Hellblazer, featuring John Constantine.

Biography
Jamie Delano wrote all but three of the first forty issues of Hellblazer for DC Comics from 1988 to 1991. Most of his other work has also been for DC/Vertigo.

Much of Delano's work can be characterised as science fiction, or horror, but often is a blend thereof.

Subjects in his work include the battle of the sexes (World Without End), imperialism and genocide (Ghostdancing), and environmental and cultural collapse (2020 Visions, Animal Man).

A. William James is Delano's prose-writing alter ego. His novel Book Thirteen is published under his Lepus Books imprint.

Interviews

 * Trail Blazers: Interviews with Jamie Delano and Garth Ennis, by David Carroll, Bloodsongs No. 8, 1997
 * Dark Horse Comics' 1998 interview about The Territory
 * The Comics Interpreter 1999 interview with Jamie Delano
 * Tales That Witness Madness: A Brief Talk With Jamie Delano by Helen Braithwaite, Sequential Tart, December 1999
 * Jamie Delano: Drug Addled Prophet for The Masses, Popimage, December 1999

title: Jamie Delano


text:
Talk:Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences

Polish Academy of Learning
In English, "Polish Academy of Skills" is meaningless at best, barbaric at worst. Consider above version, to differentiate from the Polish Academy of Sciences, in Warsaw. Better yet, in the longer run, consider merging the two institutions. logologist 06:59, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, AAMoF the Polish name is Akademia Umiejętności, which sounds a tad bizarre for modern Polish ear as well. On the other hand the Umiejętność has little to do with learning and skill seems a better translation - even if it doesn't sound. Halibutt 07:06, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * My Great Polish-English Dictionary includes the following meanings of umiejętność: "[in the plural] learning; [in the singular] science, branch of learning."  Would you ordinarily call "philology," "history," "mathematics," "physics," "chemistry," "biology," "medicine," etc., "skills"?  This is an obvious mistranslation.  logologist 07:52, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * But we're not speaking of modern Polish here, the term is clearly used in its 19th century sense. That's why many pages translate it that way (check google). Also, it's not "Polish Academy of (one) Umiejętność" (singular) but "Polish Academy of (many) Umiejętności". Halibutt 08:32, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * No native English speaker would have translated the Academy's name into English that way in any century. "Many Umiejętności" is, in English, "learning."  If the Academy's name appears on Google as "Polish Academy of Skills" (which sounds like an association of trade schools), it's only because the Academy has mistranslated its own name that way.  If PAU were to render its name as "Polish Academy of Mortuary Science," Google would dutifully, if uncomprehendingly, honor that version too.  I suggest you look up the word "learning" in a good dictionary:  the term does not refer only to the memorization of established knowledge.  logologist 09:10, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The famous Polish mathematician and leading light of the renowned Polish School of Mathematics, Professor Kazimierz Kuratowski, in his 1980 book, A Half Century of Polish Mathematics: Remembrances and Reflections, published at Oxford by Pergarmon Press, refers (p. 5) to Akademia Umiejętności in Kraków as "the Academy of Learning [my emphasis] in Cracow." I really would urge revision of this article's title, accordingly, to "Polish Academy of Learning." You have no concept of the damage that is being done to this hallowed institution by translating its name as "Polish Academy of Skills." logologist 08:12, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

Arts and Sciences
http://149.156.51.41/index_e.htm It's probably the official name. Either you should respect it or to urge the PAU to change it. Xx236 10:25, 5 April 2006 (UTC)
 * The official translation is Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences; check their homepage! It is absurd that the article is not under that title. Languagehat (talk) 23:11, 7 December 2010 (UTC)


text: Category:Emmy Awards

title: Category:Emmy Awards


text:
Paul Godwin

Paul Godwin (1902–1982) was a violinist and the leader of a popular German dance orchestra in the 1920s and 30s.

Biography
Paul Godwin (b. Pinchas Goldfein) was born on 28 March 1902 in Sosnowitz (Russian Empire; now Poland). Early recordings on the POLYPHON label gave the name "Tanz-Orchester Goldfein". He studied the violin at the Warsaw Conservatory under Stanisław Barcewicz.

At the age of 20 he formed his own dance band in Berlin. Between 1926 and 1933 his orchestra Tanz-Orchester Paul Godwin recorded a many records for European labels, namely Berliner Gramophone. The band also backed many singers recording at the time and performed in various styles including foxtrots, waltzes, tangos, polkas. With his full orchestra as well as the "Paul Godwin-Trio" or "Paul Godwin Quartet", he occasionally performed classical pieces. Due to their broad repertoire, his orchestra recorded under various monikers including Tanz-Orchester Godwin, Paul Godwin's Jazz Symphoniker, Paul Godwin-Ensemble, Paul Godwin and sein Weekend-Orchester etc. In 1929–1933 he pivoted to film soundtracks, providing soundtracks for many UFA motion pictures.

Paul Godwin and his orchestras experienced wide in Europe at the time; reports have estimated that he sold nine million records between 1923 and 1933.

In early 1933 Paul Godwin moved to the Netherlands where he remained for the rest of his life. After the war Godwin formed a classical violin trio with which he performed until the 1970s. He died on 9 December 1982 in Driebergen in the Netherlands.

CDs

 * 1999 Mélodie, "Punch" et Fantaisie (ILD 642187|France)
 * 2004 Die Goldene Ära Deutscher Tanzorchester: Paul Godwin (JUBE 15012|Germany)

1926

 * Der Blusenkauf / Alles weg'n die Leut'	(Polydor 20765 / with Otto Reutter)
 * Berlin ist ja so groß / Nehm'n Sie 'n Alten (Polydor 20766 / with Reutter)
 * Kinder, Kinder, was sind heut' für Zeiten / Es geht mir in jeder Hinsicht immer besser (Polydor 20767 / with Reutter)
 * Der Michel wird nicht klüger durch den Krieg / Sei nicht blöd' (Polydor 20768 / with Reutter)
 * Wie reizend sind die Frauen / Ick wundere mir ber jarnischt mehr (Polydor 20769 / with Reutter)
 * Gräme dich nicht / Aber der Mann (Polydor 20770 / with Reutter)

1927

 * Oh Frühling, wie bist du schon / Mohnblumen
 * Waren Sie schon in Elberfeld / Ich hab' mein Herz in Heidelberg (Grammophon 19419)
 * Hier Schlager, wer dort? Lindemann 1 / Hier Schlager, wer dort? Lindemann 2 (Grammophon 19483)
 * Am Rüdesheimer Schloß steht eine Linde / Oh Pimpinella (Grammophon 19622)
 * Hochzeitszug in Liliput / Schmetterlings-Intermezzo (Grammophon 19660)
 * Rigoletto Fantasie: 1. Teil / 2. Teil (Grammophon 19672)
 * Der Fremdenführer / Fideles Wien (Grammophon 19758)
 * Plappermäulchen / Schmeichelkätzchen, Characterstücke v. Eilenberg (Polydor 19841)
 * Wandere mein Herzchen / Zottelbar ach Zottelbar, beide aus Optte 'Der Orlow' v. Bruno Granichstaedten	(Grammophon 20247)
 * Im Reiche Der Indra 1 / Im Reiche Der Indra 2 (Grammophon 20450)
 * An der schonen, blauen Donau / Uber den Wellen (Grammophon 20530)
 * Sag du, sag du zu mir, Einlage zu: 'Der Hampelmann', Optte von Gustav Beer / Komm wilde Rose von Santa Fe (Grammophon 20940)
 * Les Patineurs / Die Schlittschuhlaufer. Walzer von Emil Waldteufel / Estudiantina (Grammophon 21003)
 * Der Voglein Abendlied / Still wie die Nacht (Grammophon 21013)
 * Zwei rote Rosen, ein zarter Kuß / Sehnsucht (Grammophon 21028)
 * Heut war ich bei der Frieda / Die schonsten Beine von Berlin (Grammophon 21089)
 * Marionetten-Brautzug (Characterstück von Otto Rathke!) / Polo Spiele	(Grammophon 21176)
 * Trink Bruderlein, trink / Mondnacht auf der Alster (Grammophon 21213)

1928

 * Einmal man sagt sich adieu / Prosit Gypsy
 * Donna Vatra / Bei uns um die Gedächtniskirche rum
 * Ich bin natürlich (Polydor 21258)
 * My blue heaven (Blauer Himmel) / Kokolores
 * Wenn in Werder die Kirschen blüh'n / Ein Grund zum Trinken (Grammophon 21442)
 * Chinesische Strassenserenade / Japanischer Laternentanz (Grammophon 21465)
 * Es ist nichts Halbes, es ist nichts Ganzes / Das ist leicht, das ist schwer (Polydor 21467 / with Reutter)
 * Mit der Uhr in der Hand / Mein Theaterrepertoire (Polydor 21468 / with Reutter)
 * Loblied auf die Frauen von heute / O du liebes deutsches Gretchen (Polydor 21469 / with Reutter)
 * Mir hab'n se als geheilt entlassen – Vortrag eines Idioten / Phantasie ist jederzeit schöner als die Wirklichkeit (Polydor 21470 / with Reutter)
 * In der Einsamkeit / Einmal im Jahr (Polydor 21471 / with Reutter)
 * Bevor du sterbst / Und dadurch gleicht sich alles wieder aus (Polydor 21472 / with Reutter)
 * Klange aus der Heimat / Lieb Mutterchen (Grammophon 21701)
 * Heinzelmännchens Wachtparade / Dornrös'chens Brautfahrt (Grammophon 21710)
 * Du bist als Kind zu heiß gebadet worden / Noch 'ne Lage Cognac her (Grammophon 21774)
 * Ich kusse Ihre Hand Madame / Wer weiß ob deine Augen lügen (Grammophon 21785)
 * Meine Amerikareise (1. Teil) / Meine Amerikareise (2. Teil) (Grammophon 21875 / with Weiß Ferdl)
 * In einer kleinen Konditorei / Ich weiß schon langst dass du mich heimlich lieb hast (Grammophon 21953)
 * Flammend rote Rosen / Verzeih mir und sei wieder gut! (Grammophon 22029)
 * Tränen weint jede Frau so gern / Wenn du einmal dein Herz verschenkst (Grammophon 22168)
 * Lass' mich dein Herz in Rosen winden / Ja, das ist schön (Grammophon 22171)

1929

 * Es gibt eine Frau die dich niemals vergißt / Was weisst denn du wie ich verliebt bin (Grammophon 22201)
 * Das Lied von der Wunderbar
 * Ein Liebesmärchen (Polydor 22326)
 * Blutrote Rosen / Ob Du glüklich bist (Sweet Sue – Just You) (Grammophon 22412)
 * Wen in Venezia die Tauben schlafen / Ich hol’ dir vom Himmel das Blau	(Polydor 22419)
 * Schöner Gigolo / Das Lied der Liebe hat eine süße Melodie (Grammophon 22602)
 * Ich betrüg dich nur aus Liebe (Grammophon 22622)
 * Mosaik 1 / Mosaik 2 Potpourri v. Carl Zimmer (Grammophon 22702)
 * Rosen und Frau'n. Tango / Wenn man verliebt ist. Tango (Polydor 22028)
 * Eine kleine Frau fehlt dir im Frūhling

1930

 * Warst du mir treu / Schlaf ein, mein kleines Sonnenkind (Grammophon 22945)
 * Denkst du noch an mich / Warst du mir treu [Filme] (Grammophon 22990)
 * O Donna Clara (Grammophon 23036)
 * Liebeswalzer / Du bist das süßeste Mädel der Welt (Grammophon 23 041)
 * Wien, du Stadt der Lieder / Ohne dich kann ich nicht leben (Grammophon 23 052 / with Max Hansen)
 * Mickey Mouse (Polydor 23176)
 * Tango auf Tango / Tango-Potpourri (Grammophon 23269)
 * Tango auf Tango 1 / Tango auf Tango 2 (Grammophon 23270)
 * Lotosblumen / Vineta-Glocken (Grammophon 23323)
 * Ja so ein Madel / Good Night (Grammophon 23360)
 * In Paris, in Paris sind die Mädels so süss / Ohne Liebe ist das Leben wie ein Auto ohne Benzin (Grammophon 23478)
 * Ein Liebelei so nebenbei / Kind dein Mund ist Musik [Sandor] (Grammophon 23719)
 * Hallo, Rumänia! / Hallo, Rumania! / Hola Rumania! (Polydor 3017 BR II - 23521 - C 40186)

1931

 * Die Musik und der Tanz und die Nacht / In Santa Lucia (Grammophon 23979 / with Leo Monosson)

1932

 * Mitternachts-Walzer / Neapolitanische Nächte (Grammophon 1138)
 * Johann Strauss Polka (Polydor 24998)
 * Südseenacht, hast mir einstmals das Glück gebracht / Träume mein Baby
 * Wir kurbeln an 1 / Wir kurbeln an 2
 * Meier-Foxtrott / Wenn am Sonntagabend die Dorfmusik spielt

1933

 * Mustalainen (Polydor 25114)

title: Paul Godwin


text:
Arthur Kennedy (colonial administrator)

Sir Arthur Edward Kennedy (5 April 1809 – 3 June 1883) was a British colonial administrator who served as governor of a number of British colonies, namely Sierra Leone, Western Australia, Vancouver Island, Hong Kong and Queensland.

Early life and career
Arthur Kennedy was born in Cultra, County Down, Ireland on 5 April 1809, the fourth son of Hugh Kennedy and his wife Grace Dorothea (née Hughes). He was educated by private tutor and in 1823–24 attended Trinity College, Dublin, where he met his predecessor as Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell.

Kennedy entered the British Army, and was gazetted an Ensign in the 27th Foot 11th Regiment on 15 August 1827. Until 1837 he served with infantry regiments on Corfu. He spent 1838–1839 and 1841–1844 in British North America. In 1841 he purchased a Captaincy in the 68th Foot.

Kennedy returned to Ireland in 1846, and the following year sold his captaincy and took up an appointment with the Poor Law Commission. His job was to administer relief to the many inhabitants of County Clare who were affected by the Great Famine. He was shocked by what he saw and had serious differences with the local Landlord, Colonel Crofton Moore Vandeleur.

Colonial services
In 1851, the famine having ended, Kennedy's position was abolished, and he applied for a position in the Colonial Service. In May 1852 he was appointed Governor of The Gambia, but before assuming office he was appointed Governor of Sierra Leone instead. He served in this office until 1854, during which time he made many administrative changes in an attempt to reform the corrupt and inefficient government. In 1854 he was appointed Consul-General in the Sherbro country in addition to his existing role.

Governor of Western Australia
In 1854, Kennedy was promoted to the position of Governor of Western Australia. He took up the position the following year, serving until 1862. He reputedly had an autocratic manner and was considered a despot by many Western Australians. Popular opinion quickly turned against him, and in August 1856 a public meeting was held in Perth to protest against his methods. During his tenure as governor, Western Australia flourished, essentially because of the large amount of British money that was spent in the colony under the system of penal transportation of convicts. However, when Kennedy resigned in 1862, he claimed that much of the colony's success was due to his legislative efforts. On his return to England, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the Bath (CB).

Governor of Vancouver Island
Kennedy's next appointment came in July 1863. The decision had been made that Vancouver Island and British Columbia, which had previously been governed together by a single governor (Sir James Douglas), were each to have their own governor, and Kennedy was appointed Governor of Vancouver Island. Compared to his previous appointments, Vancouver Island was comparatively insignificant, and might be considered a demotion. Kennedy arrived at Vancouver Island in March 1864. Facing an extremely aggressive Legislative Assembly determined to challenge his executive power, Kennedy achieved little of note in his three years in office. During this time the colony fell into a disastrous economic depression, and Kennedy was unfairly blamed by the colony's inhabitants. With the creation of the united Colony of British Columbia, Kennedy left office in October 1866.

Governor of the West African Settlements
Kennedy returned to London, and in December 1867 he was knighted (KCB) and appointed Governor of the West African Settlements. He was appointed a Judge in the Mixed Commission Court at Sierra Leone. He served there until 1872. In 1871 he was created a KCMG.

Governor of Hong Kong
In 1872, Kennedy was appointed the 7th Governor of Hong Kong, a position in which he served until 1877. During his tenure, he created the Hong Kong dollar, which served as the unitary monetary unit for the territory. Since this time, the Hong Kong dollar has (albeit with a short period of disruption) served as the single monetary unit for the entire territory. He also developed Kennedy Town, the western end of Victoria City on the Hong Kong Island. Sir Arthur's style of governing was to do as little as possible and to be nice to everyone. 'Don't rock the boat' became a cornerstone of Hong Kong's political philosophy. Hong Kong prospered during this period.

Governor of Queensland
After his appointment as Governor of Hong Kong expired, Kennedy was immediately appointed Governor of Queensland, serving in that position until 1883. That was his last post in the Colonial Service. In 1881, Kennedy was created a GCMG in the 1881 Birthday Honours.

Later life
On his resignation as Governor of Queensland, Kennedy boarded the Orient with the intention of returning to England. On 3 June 1883, when the Orient was off Aden in the Red Sea, Kennedy died. He was buried at sea.

Personal life
In 1839, Kennedy married Georgina MacCartney, who died on 3 October 1874. They had two daughters and a son, Arthur Herbert Williams, who entered the army. His daughter, Elizabeth, married Richard Meade, 4th Earl of Clanwilliam. Kennedy's other daughter, Georgina Mildred, was honoured by having the Georgina River named after her in 1880, during his time in office in Queensland. William Landsborough had named this river the Herbert in 1861, but it was decided that it needed a new name because there was another river in Queensland that had that same name.

Places named after him

 * Kennedy Town, an area in the Western District of Hong Kong
 * Kennedy Road, located in the Mid-levels of Wan Chai in Hong Kong
 * Kennedy Lake, a large freshwater lake near Port Alberni, Vancouver Island, British Columbia
 * Kennedy Range, in Gascoyne region of Western Australia
 * Kennedy Sound overlooked by Mount Arthur in the Mackay Region, Queensland
 * Arthur Terrace and Kennedy Terrace in the Ithaca and Red Hill suburbs of Brisbane, Queensland

title: Arthur Kennedy (colonial administrator)