text:
The Smith's Snackfood Company

The Smith's Snackfood Company is a British-Australian snack food brand owned by the American multinational food, snack, and beverage corporation PepsiCo. It is best known for its brand of potato crisps. The company was founded by Frank Smith and Jim Viney in the United Kingdom in 1920 as Smiths Potato Crisps Ltd, originally packaging a twist of salt with its crisps in greaseproof paper bags which were sold around London. The dominant brand in the UK until the 1960s when Golden Wonder took over with Cheese & Onion, Smith's countered by creating Salt & Vinegar flavour (first tested by their north-east England subsidiary Tudor) which was launched nationally in 1967.

After establishing the product in the UK, Smith set up the company in Australia in 1932. Both versions of Smiths have had various owners, but were reunited under PepsiCo ownership, with the UK business being purchased in 1989, and the Australian business in 1998. Smith's Snackvend Stand is the branch of the company that operates vending machines. The Smith's brand in the United Kingdom is now a sub-brand of the main Walkers brand, while in Australia, Smiths is the main brand.

United Kingdom
Smith's Potato Crisps was formed by entrepreneurs Frank Smith and Jim Viney in the United Kingdom after World War I. Smith had been a manager for a Smithfield wholesale grocery business which sold potato crisps from 1913. Deciding to make his own, Smith converted garages in Cricklewood, London into a crisp factory, selling to local businesses. By 1920, he had 12 full-time employees and was producing half a million packets a week. Smith conceived the idea of selling unseasoned potato crisps with a small blue sachet of salt that could be sprinkled over them. In 1927, after buying Jim Viney's share of the business, the company expanded into a factory in Brentford, London. In 1929, Smiths had seven factories in the UK and the following year it was incorporated as a private limited company. By 1934, 200 million packets of crisps were sold in Britain each year, 95 percent of which were manufactured by Smith's. In 1939, the footballers of Portsmouth won the last FA Cup final before the war on a daily diet of Smith's crisps. During World War II, crisps were packed into British troop ships and sent off to allied forces. In the 1950s, fictional matriarch Doris Archer from BBC Radio's The Archers published a cookbook advocating the use of “delicious Smith's potato crisps, crushed to farthing size” in various meals.

By 1956, the company was making 10 million packets every week. In 1960, Smith's purchased northern rival Tudor Crisps for £1 million. Smith's followed up this expansion two years later by purchasing the biscuit and wafer producer, G & T Bridgewater and the Cardiff based nut company Snackpak Food Products. Following the creation of Cheese & Onion flavour by Tayto in Ireland, Golden Wonder (Smiths' main competitor in Britain) produced their Cheese & Onion version, and Smith's countered with Salt & Vinegar (tested first by their north-east England subsidiary Tudor) which launched nationally in 1967, starting a two-decade-long flavour war.

In 1966, Smith's was purchased by the American food producer, General Mills. Smith's launched a ‘Do The Crunch' advertising campaign; in 1967 a young Phil Collins toured the UK teaching people the crunch dance. Aimed at children, Monster Munch were launched by Smiths in Britain in 1977. Originally called "The Prime Monster" (a play on The Prime Minister, and as part of a wider campaign), they were renamed "Monster Munch" in 1978. In 1978, Smith's was sold by its parent company, General Mills to the British biscuit giant Associated Biscuits.

Associated Biscuits was purchased by Nabisco in 1982, bringing Smith's under the same ownership as rival Walkers. In 1988, RJR Nabisco was purchased in a leverage buyout by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co, and to reduce debt several business were sold to French conglomerate BSN, who quickly sold on Smith's and Walkers to PepsiCo in 1989. At the time Walkers had a third of the crisp market in the United Kingdom, while Smith's had a third of the extruded snacks market, making them the market leader. Subsequently, Pepsico withdrew the brand, in favour of British brand Walkers, which was heavily marketed by PepsiCo in a campaign using former England international footballer turned television presenter Gary Lineker. Many of the products previously marketed by Smith's became labelled as Walkers, such as Quavers.

Current products

 * Chipsticks - extruded corn starch snack in the shape of a french fry, in salt and vinegar flavour.
 * Frazzles - extruded corn starch snack in the shape of a bacon rasher, in bacon flavour.
 * Bacon Fries - extruded cereal starch snack, in bacon flavour.
 * Scampi Fries - extruded cereal starch snack, in scampi flavour.
 * Funyuns - extruded cereal starch snack in the shape of onion rings, in onion flavour.
 * Snaps - potato snack in the shape of a curled up rectangle, in spicy tomato flavour.

Australia
After establishing the product and name in the UK, Frank Smith moved to set up a subsidiary in Australia. Smith's Crisps were first manufactured in Australia in 1931 with an associate, George Ensor, in leased premises in Sydney's Surry Hills. They were originally made in 20 gas fired cooking pots, then packed by hand and distributed by Nestle confectionery vans.

Smith's Potato Crisps sold its early crisps in three penny packets, 24 to a tin. "Twist of salt" sachets were included before pre-salting had been introduced. In March 1932, Smith's Potato Crisps Ltd. went into voluntary liquidation as a result of the Great Depression. However, three months later, George Ensor tendered for the business put up for sale by the liquidators, and on 13 May 1932, Smith's Potato Crisps (Australia) was formed with the UK Smith's Company holding a majority interest over minor shareholders. Growth after World War II was rapid, so a continuous cooker process was introduced to replace the individual cooking pots and in 1960 the production of a one shilling pack for cinemas and a box pack for four shillings was initiated.

In 1961, Smith's introduced its first flavoured chip - chicken. It was a very popular flavour, influencing most competitors at the time to adopt a Chicken variation. Other flavours released were Original (Pre-Salted) and Salt & Vinegar. Later, in the 1970s, Barbecue was added as a flavour for Smiths crinkle cut chips, and in the 1980s Cheese & Onion was added. These five flavours - Original Salted (blue packet), Salt & Vinegar (magenta packet), Chicken (green packet), Barbecue (orange packet) and Cheese & Onion (yellow packet) have remained the mainstay flavours of the brand since the 1980s. Many other 'limited edition' variants have also been tried over the years. During the late 1980s, the company introduced the famous advertising mascot Gobbledok, a chip obsessed alien character similar to the popular characters E.T. and ALF.

In 1968, Associated Products and Distribution Pty Ltd (APD), the food group holding company in British Tobacco Co. (Aust), bought a 41.5% share of Smith's Potato Crisps (Australia)'s parent company, including all Australian shareholders. Over the next 20 years, other takeovers and new products (including Twisties and Burger Rings brands) drove growth. PepsiCo took over the company in 1998. In 1990, the APD name was replaced by CCA Snackfoods.

In 1998, the Smiths Snackfood company was Australia's largest producer of salty snack foods. It was acquired in August of that year, by Frito-Lay the second largest producer of salt snack foods in Australia, which is owned by PepsiCo. To prevent the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission from intervening for unfair trading practices Frito-Lay divested a range of brands, manufacturing facilities, including plants in Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria. The package was named Snack Brands Australia and was sold to Dollar Sweets Holdings. In that package included the brands sold were CC's, Cheezels, Thins and Samboy.

Despite Australians using the term "chips" for crisps, Smith's called their product crisps until as late as 2003. They are now labelled as Smith's Chips. As of 2010–2011, portions contained in "large" bags of Smith's Snackfood products have diminished, down from 200g to 175g (approximately equal to the previous 1975 large size of 6½oz).

Recalls
Products produced by The Smith's Snackfood Company have been recalled on several occasions including:

 * On three occasions, February 2007, December 2008 and June 2009, the Crinkle Cut chips were recalled after rubber pieces were discovered in packets.
 * On two occasions, in October 2022 and May 2023, the Crinkle Cut chips were recalled after plastic pieces were discovered in packets.

Misleading representation of products
In July 2016, The Smith's Snackfood Company was fined $10,800 by the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission for misleading representation on its Sakata Paws Pizza Supreme Rice Snacks, which included a logo with the words “Meets School Canteen Guidelines” and an image of a sandwich and apple. The disclaimer that the product had only met the 'Amber' criteria of the National Healthy School Canteens Guidelines were in small font and on the other side of the packaging to the logo. Smith's has since removed the logo from the product.

Current products

 * Burger Rings - hamburger-flavoured snack
 * Cheetos -Cheese or flamin' hot flavour puffs
 * Cool Pak popcorn
 * Doritos - corn chip
 * Grain Waves - wholegrain chips
 * Maxx - multiple flavoured chips
 * Nobby's - nuts, peanuts and cashews
 * Parker's - Australia's largest pretzel company - typical hard pretzels and a variety of uniquely flavoured pretzels including flavours such as Tomato & Basil & Sweet Chili
 * Red Rock Deli - Thick-sliced premium potato chips
 * Sakata - rice crackers
 * Smith's Crinkle Cut - crinkle-cut potato chips
 * Smith's Popped - Air popped potato snacks
 * Lay's Stax - competitor of Pringles
 * Smith's Thinly Cut - thinly sliced potato chips range in various flavours
 * Twisties - cheese or chicken flavoured extruded snack

Previous products in UK & Australia

 * Bats - Batburger flavoured snack in shape of bats, manufactured in the 1970s. Part of the Horror bags range.
 * Battle Tanks - Cheese and onion flavoured snack in shape of tanks, manufactured in the 1970s. Part of Battle Bags range.
 * Battle Planes - Salt and Vinegar flavoured snack in shape of planes, manufactured in the 1970s. Part of Battle Bags range.
 * Bones - Salt and vinegar flavoured snack in shape of bones, manufactured in the 1970s. Part of the Horror bags collection
 * Cheezers - cheese flavoured corn puffs
 * Cheese Flavoured Moments - Cheese flavoured triangles, with cheese powder centre
 * Chinese Quavers - Spicy beef flavoured
 * Chipitos - toasted cheese puffs
 * Chipsticks - Ready salted flavoured
 * Claws - Bacon flavoured snack in shape of claws, manufactured in the 1970s. Part of the Horror bags collection
 * Crispy Tubes - manufactured during the 1980s and available in Lightly Salted and Salt & Vinegar flavours
 * Fangs - Cheese and onion flavoured snack in shape of fangs, manufactured in the 1970s. Part of the Horror bags collection
 * Farmer Browns - animal shaped cereal snack
 * Football Crazy - corn and potato balls
 * French Fries - Small crisp potatoes straws similar in appearance and taste to french fries - now owned and manufactured by Snack Brands Australia and under the Walkers name
 * Jackets - Manufactured during the mid-1980s, these were crisps where the potatoes had not been peeled, leaving potato skin around the edges. There was an advert which featured dancing potatoes singing "We want to be jackets" in falsetto voices, and the slogan "So good, every potato wants to be one"
 * Lay's - Thinly sliced potato chips
 * Maize Pops - toffee coated popped maize
 * Monster Munch - Still manufactured, under the Walkers name
 * OnYums - onion flavoured rings
 * Quavers - introduced 1968, now sold under the Walkers name
 * Ribs - vinegar flavoured snack in shape of ribs, manufactured in the 1970s. Part of the Horror Bags range.
 * Ruffles - crinkle cut potato chips
 * Smiths Salt 'n' Shake - still manufactured, under the Walkers name
 * Smith's Crisps
 * Smith's Crinkle Cut Crisps - crinkled cut various flavours
 * Smith's Selections - thinly sliced potato chips range in various flavours, now Smith's Thinly Cut
 * Smokees - Bacon flavoured curls
 * Squares - Ready salted, cheese & onion & salt & vinegar flavour square shaped potato crisps, still manufactured under the Walkers name
 * Sunbites - wholegrain chips
 * Thins - thinly sliced potato chips - now owned and manufactured by Snack Brands Australia
 * Tuba Loops - tube shaped potato snacks
 * Twists - Manufactured during the 1970s, these were available in Cheese & Onion, Salt & Vinegar, and Ready Salted
 * Twisted - Flamin' hot flavour corn puffs, still manufactured under the Cheetos brand
 * Wafflers - Bacon flavour waffles (previously sold to Wotsits)
 * Zodiacs - Mystery flavoured snack in shape of zodiac signs

title: The Smith's Snackfood Company


text:
Talk:Ionic liquid

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Achiu17.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:46, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Archive
Talk:Ionic liquid/Archive 1

48022 articles, patents, books and reports on ionic liquids, and counting
According to Chemical Abstracts Service, 3361 articles, patents, books and reports were published on ionic liquids in the year 2020. That is about 4% of the literature on this topic. How many of these should be cited? Only my papers? Only your papers? Only US-based papers? Probably not.--Smokefoot (talk) 21:22, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Pulled these pretty specialized refs out today, leaving the most recent one (still flimsy) from this group: P. Giridhar, K.A. Venkatesan, T.G. Srinivasan and P.R. Vasudeva Rao (2007), Electrochemical behavior of uranium(VI) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and thermal characterization of uranium oxide deposit, Electrochimica Acta, Volume 52, Issue 9, Pages 3006-3012,

Cation images
The positively charged, yet aromatic, pyrrolidine derivative in the image of common cations seems very unlikely to me, is there any reference/source for claiming it as a common ionic liquid component. I don't even know how you'd make it conveniently, let alone it being common place.
 * You mean this weird pyrrole cation? Hmm, it would be radical cation, so yeah, seems suspicious. Mithoron (talk) 15:54, 1 July 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Ionic liquid


text:
Caleigh Peters

Caleigh Anne Forsyth-Peters is a studio executive and former singer-songwriter. She was raised in Los Angeles and is the daughter of Jon Peters and producer Christine Forsyth. She is the goddaughter of Barbara Streisand.

Career
She sang on numerous film soundtracks, including those for Ice Princess, Herbie: Fully Loaded, and Go Figure. In 2005, she won the "Ones to Watch" Award at the Young Hollywood Awards. She attended the Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising in Los Angeles.

Compilation and soundtrack contributions

 * 2005 - "Reach" — from Ice Princess (Original Soundtrack) and Disney Girlz Rock
 * 2005 - "I Can Do Anything" — from Go Figure (Original Soundtrack)
 * 2005 - "Fun, Fun, Fun" — from Herbie: Fully Loaded (Original Soundtrack)
 * 2005 - "Just What I Needed" — from Sky High (Original Soundtrack)
 * 2005 - "Feels Like Christmas" — from Radio Disney Jingle Jams 2
 * 2006 - "Feels Like Christmas" — from Totally Awesome Christmas, Volume One
 * 2007 - "I Can Do Anything" — from Music From and Inspired by W.I.T.C.H.

title: Caleigh Peters


text:
User talk:Jcwinfer

Taylor Caldwell
Please don't copy and paste material from other websites. Copyright violations can cause legal problems for Wikipedia. RickK 07:33, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * Same message from me, if you keep adding copyrighted material to wikipedia you may be blocked from editing. --nixie 12:30, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

'''Please read my latest discussion entry!! I have FULL PERMISSION from the owner to reproduce this piece from their site and they are fully aware of the ramifications of this. There will be no legal problems - the owner has in effect "given" the article to me to do with as I wish, OK? (And if you don't believe me, please feel free to write to him at "petri.liukkonen@kuusankoski.fi"!!) Jaycey 20/6/05'''

Style
Wikipedia style is to format Book Titles like that not look BOOK TITLES. I don't really mind if you put text in the latter format to start with, but please don't revert my corrections. Thanks, Morwen - Talk 10:17, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks - it does look better. (This is the first Wikipedia entry I have made and I'm not aware of the etiquette, apologies.)  Jaycey 21/6/05

Images
Thanks for uploading Image:Taylor2.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images (on my talk page) and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, BrokenSegue 02:53, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks - see my comment on your Talk page Jaycey 22/6/05
 * So, sorry somehow I completely forgot to respond to you message. My appologies. Let me see, let me see. If you don't know the source of the image the best you can really do, assuming the image is relatively new, is cite fair use. The image on Taylor Caldwell is probably a copyright violation, especially since we don't know where it came from. The other image seems to be a publicity photo and is on a publishing website, so I'd say it's fair to use fair use there. Generally we like to use as few fairuse pictures as possible, but if you can find no other it is okay. Neither of them, however, can be used on a free license which is greatly prefered. I'll weed around a little and see if I can find some better versions. You might want to read Copyrights, if you haven't allready, because it gives a nice overview of fairuse and other copyirghts aceptable around here. Cheers! This link is Broken 28 June 2005 14:19 (UTC)
 * Thre is no hard or fast rule. Since the image has been spread around (I think i saw EB using the picture too) then it is easier for you to make a case for fair use. I'd go ahead and mark it as . I'm no copyright lawyer so if you want a definitive answer you'd have to go elsewhere. This is good enough, however. This link is Broken 28 June 2005 14:50 (UTC)

Please continue this discussion at Jaycey

Image copyright problem with Image:Jess2.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Jess2.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 13:57, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jcwinfer


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Marlon Reyes

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 07:04, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Marlon Reyes
If the Morbid prisoners aren't notable, then neither is their guitarist. --Xcali 07:34, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --FCYTravis 10:38, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn (and a very poor attempt at an article). -- Infrogmation 03:11, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 04:47, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Elektron (alloy)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. Golbez 07:05, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Elektron (alloy)
Advertising, lots of trade mark icons thrown about in this article. RickK 07:40, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Concur, reads like advertising but the title makes it look as if ought to be a science article. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:42, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, with changes I made to reduce the advertisement quality of the article. --Dachannien 12:37, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep on condition that '(alloy)' is removed from title and changed to something more accurate. We do have articles on Kevlar, Nylon, and Tyvek which are all trademarked materials.  (Disclosure: I vfd'ed this article the first time it came around b/c it looked like advertising.)  Monkeyman 13:05, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Monkeyman. DS1953 19:26, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. JPL uses this stuff. We should all remember that article quality is not a criterion for deletion. See deletion policy for more information about what to do about low article quality.--Tony Sidaway|Talk 23:28, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The article was not nominated based on article quality. It was nominated based on the fact that the content was pure advertising with no indication of notability.  Don't lecture me on how to make nominations.  RickK 21:54, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Advertisements about significant products can easily be cleaned up by simply removing any advertising material. As you're probably aware, there is no consensus on "notability" for alloys and the like. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 22:34, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand with the rewrite. JamesBurns 04:49, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User:Mscharch

Image:Meatflower.jpg
I see you marked this image as PD, but the site it came from is pretty clear about it being copyrighted. Did you obtain permission to use this image? --Gmaxwell 07:43, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Dirka Dirka

title: User:Mscharch


text:
User:Andriesb

I mainly write on the Dutch Wikipedia because my English is not as good as my Dutch. My main interest is in mysticism and esoteric religion. Andriesb 07:44, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Andriesb


text:
Twisties

Twisties are a type of cheese curl corn-based snack food product, available mainly in Australia, and other Oceanian countries such as Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji, the Southeast Asian countries Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and Brunei, and the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. They are also available in Europe, but marketed as Fonzies, and in France as "Belin Croustilles". It was launched in 1950 by the General Foods Corporation. The brand name is owned by The Smith's Snackfood Company. While originally an Australian-owned company, Smith's was acquired in August 1998 by Frito-Lay, the second largest producer of snack foods in Australia, which in turn is owned by American multi-national PepsiCo. In Malaysia, Twisties is a product of Mondelēz International, after having been a part of Danone and later, Kraft Foods previously. In Thailand, the Twisties trademark is owned by Lay's, which like The Smith's Snackfood Company, is owned by PepsiCo.

History
In the early 1950s, Melbourne businessman Isador Magid imported a rotary head extruder from the United States which initially did not work. After bringing out a technical expert from the US as well as receiving valuable advice from the CSIRO, Magid started producing Twisties. The product was popular but large scale distribution was difficult so Magid decided to sell the machine and the brand in 1955 to Monty Lea from Darrell Lea for £12,000. Monty and his brother Harris experimented with the machine further using rice and various flavourings. Twisties became popular in Australia - some of its early success is attributed to promotional activity that included advertising the product on Graham Kennedy and Bert Newton's TV show In Melbourne Tonight, making it one of the earliest products advertised on that program. After an unsuccessful attempt to launch Twisties in the UK and competition for shelf space in Australia the Lea brothers agreed to sell the Twisties brand to the Smith's Snackfood Company.

During the late 1990s the Twisties brand went through a brand overhaul, coinciding with the acquisition of The Smith's Snackfood Company by Frito-Lay. During the brand overhaul the appearance of the packet was changed to a more modernised look, adopting its current logo. As well as this, the texture of the snack itself was altered, resulting in a smoother finish.

Twisties were originally available only in 'Cheese' flavour, but 'Chicken' and 'Wicked Cheddar Zig-Zag' flavours were later introduced and became a standard part of the product line. There have also been flavours abroad as diverse as 'Toffee', 'Tomato', 'Salmon Teriyaki' and 'Peri Peri', where the local palate suits them the most.

Twisties are eaten as a snack in themselves, or sometimes in a sandwich as a "Twistie buttie" or "Twisties roll", by serving the packet contents between two slices of buttered bread or in a roll.

In 1997, a Twisties batch was recalled after reports of consumers finding pieces of fine wire in packs, there were no reports of injuries. The company thought that the wire resulted from machinery malfunction. In 2014, Twisties were one of the products removed from shops in Malaysia due to concerns around contamination from pork products.

In 2001, Frito-Lay lost a trademark dispute with Aldi Stores, as Aldi's 'Chazoos' cheese twists were not considered to infringe on the registered trademark of Twisties on the basis of packaging, extrusion production or the sound of the product name. Aldi won the appeal as they argued that the phrase 'Cheezy Twists' described their product contents and was not used as their registered trademark.

In 2009, Twisties packets reduced in size from 50 grams to 45 grams, with the company choosing to reduce portion size rather than increase retail prices due to higher costs for raw materials. Later that year, consumer group Choice flagged Twisties as a product which had shrunk but retained the same retail price in a shinier, re-designed packet containing less Twisties.

In 2011, comedian Danny McGinlay hosted an experimental cooking comedy show for the Adelaide Fringe. His show, 'Food Dude: recipes for disaster' featured 'Aussie sushi' which contained beetroot and Twisties.

In 2014, a trio of hikers lost overnight in Lerderderg State Park were sustained by half a bag of Twisties. After the snack was finished, bushwalker Kirrilee Ord turned the Twisties packet inside out and attempted to use the reflective side to signal rescue helicopters. This effort was unsuccessful, but the group was later found by a search party.

Chef Adriano Zumbo has created a lime and cheese Twisties zumbaron, which is a cheesy Twisties-flavoured macaron with lime filling.

Ingredients and manufacturing process
Since the snack's creation, its base ingredient has been ground corn, rice and agar. Other base ingredients standard in every flavour are vegetable oil, whey protein, salt, and monosodium glutamate (E621) as a flavour enhancer. Ingredients differ depending on the variety of Twisties.

Wendyl Nissen's review of packaged food noted that Twisties are a bit better than other super market snacks because the cheese flavouring is sourced from milk solids rather than chemical flavourings.

In 2011, The Herald Sun highlighted that Twisties contain not only MSG itself, but also HVP (hydrolysed vegetable protein) which is a source of MSG.

 * The ingredients for Cheese flavour are as follows, in order of percentage of product: corn and rice cereal, vegetable oil, whey powder, cheese powder, monosodium glutamate (E621), salt, hydrolyzed vegetable protein, flavour, yeast extract, potassium chloride, cream powder, milk powder, natural colouring (paprika extract and carotene), lactic acid.

The Twisties mixture is made by heating, shearing and pressurising corn, semolina, rice grits and water in a rotary head or random extruder, also known as the 'Twisties Press'. When the liquid mixture is passed through a hole between a spinning plate and a stationary plate, it expands, cools and solidifies to make characteristic knobbly surfaced, squiggly Twisties. A metal lug cuts the mixture into lengths. After forming, the pieces are oven baked before being flavoured with a coating of vegetable oil and a dusting of powdered whey, cheese powder, salt, monosodium glutamate, lactic acid and two types of food colouring. Factory seconds are sometimes fed to farm animals.

Flavours
Twisties has a large variety of flavours which are sold in Australia, and in the different islands. Of these are the main flavours 'Cheese' and 'Chicken', found in any country that sells them. The islands have a more diverse selection of flavours available normally, however Australia experiences more limited edition flavours. This is due to The Smith's Snackfood Company's aim to "[re-energise] consumers' love for the Twisties brand", according to the company's senior marketing director Jenni Dill.

Twisties have not been localised or produced in Mauritius as of yet. The country's supply of Twisties are imported from Malaysia.

Australia

 * Cheese - has existed since the snack's inception
 * Chicken

1960s-1970s

 * Bacon - released in the early 1970s, discontinued after a year due to poor sales.

 * Barbecue - introduced late 70s, discontinued.

 * Steak - available in the late 60’s, discontinued.

1990s

 * Tangy Barbecue - released in 1992 and spruiked as the "first flavour extension for the brand for some years...".
 * Tomato Tang - released in 1993.
 * Tangy Cheese Crunch - released in 1998 alongside the existing Cheese flavour, marketed as a providing a "...lighter, smoother crunch and a superb cheese flavour with an unexpected tang." This was not welcomed by all, as the Financial Review likened the flavour relaunch to changing recipes and "...tinkering with a national icon.".

2000s

 * Flamin' Hot - released for six weeks in 2001 alongside the toffee flavour, as part of the 'Heat vs Sweet' competition. Consumers voted via an 1800 phone number to choose their preferred flavours.
 * Sweet Butter Toffee - released in 2001, limited edition, currently discontinued
 * Cheese'O's - circular Twisties released in 2003.
 * Zig-Zag - Twisties formed into zigzag shapes, were discontinued, re-released in 2016
 * Wicked Cheddar - released in 2004
 * Hawaiian Pizza O's & X's - limited edition, released in 2004, currently discontinued
 * Cheese-O's - limited edition, released in 2005, currently discontinued

 * Bag O' Bones Spookily Seasoned - released in 2005, currently discontinued
 * Hot Dogs - limited edition, released in 2006 as part of a Tazos promotion involving The Simpsons, currently discontinued
 * Cheeky Cheese - limited edition, released in 2006 as part of a different Simpsons-themed promotion
 * BBQ Sauce - currently discontinued
 * Corn Puff - Twisties formed into a puffed ball shape
 * Melted Butter - currently discontinued

2010s

 * Chilli Cheese - limited edition, released in 2011, re-released in 2015
 * Cheese Burger - limited edition, released in 2011, re-released in 2012, 2013 and again in 2019
 * Spicy Burger - limited edition, released in 2012
 * Saucy BBQ - limited edition, released in 2012, currently discontinued
 * Pizza - limited edition, released in 2012, re-released in 2017
 * Turns Your Tongue Blue! - limited edition, released in 2012, marketed as being able to temporarily change the colour of your tongue to blue, re-released 2017
 * Peri Peri - limited edition 2013, re-released in 2017
 * Cheese & Mite Flavour - limited edition in 90 gram packets, released in 2013, based on the iconic Vegemite flavour (referred to on the packet as 'Mite'), currently discontinued
 * Cheese & Bacon - limited edition, released in 2013, re-released in 2015
 * Flaming Hot - limited edition, originally released in 2014, re-released in 2019
 * Hot Dog - limited edition, released in 2014
 * Bag of Ghosts! - limited edition, released in October 2014 as a Halloween-themed product
 * Taco - limited edition, released in 2015
 * Tangy Tomato - limited edition, released in 2015
 * SOUR - limited edition, only at 7-Eleven, released in 2015, featured an astringent yellow-green lemon on pack
 * Cheesy Popcorn - limited edition, released in 2016, cheese flavoured popcorn

2020s

 * Cheesy Chilli - limited edition, released in 2020
 * Nachos - limited edition, released in 2020
 * Cheesy Bacon - limited edition, released in 2020
 * Margherita Pizza limited edition, released in 2020
 * Sticky BBQ Ribs limited edition, released in 2021
 * Meatlovers Pizza limited edition, released in 2021
 * Twisted Raspberry, limited edition, released in 2023
 * Cinnamon Donut, limited edition, collaboration with Donut King, released in 2023

Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji

 * Cheese (Cheese Fromage in Vanuatu and New Caledonia)
 * Chicken (Chicken Poulet in Vanuatu and New Caledonia)
 * Extra Cheese (Extra Cheese Fromage en Plus in Vanuatu and New Caledonia)
 * Cheese & Onion (Cheese & Onion Fromage & Oignon in Vanuatu and New Caledonia)
 * Mexicain
 * Pizza
 * Barbecue
 * Red Tongue (similar to Australia's Turns Your Tongue Blue! flavour)
 * Hot N Spicy
 * Tomato

Thailand

 * Chicken released in the late 1980s, re-released in August 2018
 * Cheese
 * Choco Banana - The biscuit is chevron shaped, with a chocolate banana filling.

Malaysia
In 1995, Twisties were noted as one of the most popular snacks in Malaysia, despite at the time, many Malaysians registering dislike for beef and cheese flavours.

 * Cheeky Cheddar Cheese
 * Roast Chicken Dance
 * ''Kaboom! BBQ Curry"
 * Cherry Tomato Bomb
 * Sawadee Thai Sweet Chili
 * Chilli Cheese on Fire
 * Spicy Seaweed Splash - launched in 2021
 * Fizz - similar to Australia's Turns Your Tongue Blue! flavour, except with an effervescent effect
 * Whoa! Spicy Garlic
 * Lime Chilli
 * Honey BBQ Wings
 * Spicy Sausage
 * Salmon Teriyaki - launched in 2006 as part of the International range alongside Chicken Tandoori flavour.
 * Chicken Tandoori
 * Double Kick - contains two flavours at once, released in 2010
 * Super Starz - released as part of a 2012 promotion with Viacom promoting the MTV World Stage music festival in 2012
 * Bolognese & Cheese Onion
 * Chicken Chorizo & Smokey Sausage
 * Peppery Jalapeno & Pickle
 * Coffee Bonanza - limited edition, currently discontinued

United Kingdom
Twisties were introduced to the United Kingdom in 1994, with package design including the words "Australia's Favourite Snack", a crocodile denoting the snack's "snap and crunch", as well as a boomerang, and "flames" in red (cheese flavour) and purple (hot spice flavour). At the time they were described as "irregularly-shaped corn sticks" and similar in appearance to Golden Wonder's Nik-Naks snack.

 * Bondi Beach - in 1994
 * Outback Hot Spice - in 1994

Marketing
Twisties have been advertised since its last brand overhaul in the late 1990s with the well-known slogan "Life's pretty straight without..." In the English-speaking Oceanic countries where Western vernacular isn't as well understood, its slogan is "Life is fun with..." Typical television advertisements play on the slogan by showing people in mundane situations being transported to surreal and exciting environments when they eat Twisties. Twisties are claimed to be the "number one extruded snack brand" by Smith's.

Twisties, as well as other snack brands owned by The Smith's Snackfood Company, included Oddbodz cards (and later, Space Oddbodz) in specially marked packets for consumers to collect. In late 1996, Oddbodz cards were replaced by Hypa Heads cards, which were available in a 40-card series with a glow-in-the-dark four-image cartoon story requiring a separately purchased Hypervision Viewer. In 2002, Tazo-like (pog-like collectible cardboard discs) Simpsons-themed 'Pickers' discs were included in Twisties packets (as well as other Smith's brands Lay's and Cheetos), which had a velcro backing and could be picked up from the ground with a branded Pickers Bungee Ball. Other branded inclusions were related to Yu-Gi-Oh!, and other popular franchises. This could be attributed to Twisties' success.

Advertising for the snack has almost completely stopped in the last decade in comparison to its past promotions. Twisties' largest (and most expensive) campaign ever was between 1982-1983 with its "Twisties jumper" campaign. Lillian Darrell, a previously unknown actor, played the role of an old woman knitting a Twisties jumper straight from a sheep. The promotion included free knitting patterns and free bags of Twisties. Other promotions were attempted afterwards, but they resulted in little success. Currently, Twisties relies heavily on limited edition flavours to keep hype on a profitable level.

In 1986, Fred Nile complained about a Twisties television commercial to the Advertising Standards Council. He alleged that the Viking-themed advertisement used occult imagery and goats' heads and that it would disturb children. The commercial received a record number of 680 complaints alleging that it was "...demonic and harmful to children," but it was noted that many were in similar handwriting. It was removed from television, this was attributed to marketing reasons rather than the pressure groups.

In 1992, Natalie Imbruglia acted in the role of a waitress in a Twisties ad shot at Taronga Zoo. In 2014 while living in London, she said that her mother still posts her packets of Twisties.

In 1995, Twisties was the sole advertising sponsor for the Ten Network's screening of Melrose Place, stating that the two brands worked together as Melrose Place was focused on fantasy and aspiration, and that Twisties are "...fantasy in a pack.". Sponsorship messages were placed at the beginning, middle and end of each episode depicting Melrose Place actors Laura Leighton and Grant Show eating Twisties at home, and Jodie Bissett being served Twisties on a silver platter. Neil Shoebridge criticised the advertisements as being "...flat and lifeless," and relying on gimmickry, but Rochelle Burbury credited them as witty, but that the existing old Twisties "air volley ball" advertisement was a detraction.

Twisties has been credited as one of the "...first packaged good brands..." to launch on the internet in 1995 with its 'Space Girls' advertising campaign.

A later promotion was credited as the 'Space Girls Straighten Twisties' campaign, with television advertisements screened in February 1997. The commercial featured a teenage boy being abducted by female space aliens, as they were interested in his packet of Twisties. The commercials were launched at the same time as the premier of the alien-themed Dark Skies series. The website included 'eyewitness reports' of the abduction and hid clues in a fictitious newspaper, the 'Twisted Examiner'. Visitors could download a Twisties screensaver, video and Windows 95 theme pack. As part of the campaign, from August to October 1997, consumers could win $10,000 if they located a straight Twistie in their Twisties packet. From the 13 million packs in circulation, all of the five straight Twisties were found.

A 1998 advertisement featured Darren Gilshenan of Full Frontal.

Unofficial celebrity endorsements
In 1998, Brooke Satchwell credited chicken flavour Twisties as the key to VCE success, because they alleviated her car sickness while travelling between her Mornington Peninsula home and the set of Neighbours at Nunawading.

In 2001, Cate Blanchett said that Twisties were what she missed most about Australia, with relatives posting them to her in England.

In 2011, footballer Billy Brownless claimed that cheese Twisties were beneficial for treating a hangover.

In 2013, Chrissy Amphlett said that Twisties were something she missed about Australia.

In 2015, King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard lead vocalist Stu Mackenzie stated that "Red Bull and Twisties" helped keep the band going on their long tours.

In 2017, Tom Parker Bowles said that chicken Twisties are one of his favourite foods.

International variants
Twisties in New Zealand are drastically different from the Australian variety in terms of both packet design, marketing and the shape of the cheese curl itself. Called 'twisties'[sic], they are manufactured by Bluebird Foods and are only available in cheese flavour. The packet features a penguin mascot about to throw a cheese curl as if it were a ball, and has a completely different slogan as compared to its Australian counterpart: it being "It's a straight world without Twisties!" They are less dense than the Australian variety, and their shape is more tubular and curvy without imperfections in the shape (Australian Twisties are more jagged and detailed). In New Zealand the Australian variety is not widely available.

Twisties are also sold on the European market with the name 'Fonzies', inspiring its name from the character Arthur Fonzarelli (nicknamed 'Fonzie') from the popular television sitcom Happy Days.

Fonzies are pale yellow in colour, because they do not use the bright orange food colouring that normal Twisties use. Their cheese flavouring is very similar to that used in the Oceanian varieties bearing the 'Twisties' name, lighter and less prone to clump together during consumption, and with a more natural cheese flavour. The only quality that differentiates it from said varieties is its slight egg-like taste upon first bite, though it wears away after continued consumption. It is made through the same rotary head extrusion technique as in all other localisations, though the snacks are much smaller than those found in Australia, sticking more to a general thin shape rather than a selection of both thin and stout snacks. Its smell is much more pungent, as well. Fonzies are available in 'Gli Originali' ('Original') flavour, as well as 'Time Out', 'Choco', 'Hot Passion', 'Bacon', 'Hot Chili' and others.

 * The ingredients for Fonzies are as follows, in order of percentage of product: corn grit 62.2%, palm oil, cheese powder 6%, whey powder, salt, flavour, baking powder, yeast extract, flavour enhancers (E621, E627, E631), lactose (from milk), smoke flavour.

The flavour and texture of Fonzies is noticeably closer to that of cheese Twisties produced in Australia prior to the 21st century, providing a possible explanation for increasing reports of Australian tourists and expatriates importing significant quantities of Fonzies into Australia. This is seen by media observers as an effort to have the original cheese flavour reintroduced to the Australian market, citing the decline in popularity of cheese Twisties’ current incarnation with Australian consumers.

Fonzies are produced in Germany by LU Snack Foods GmbH. In the GCC countries, they are also sold with the name 'Fonzies', produced by Mondelez Malaysia.

title: Twisties


text:
User:Bennihana

Hello all. I'm new to Wikipedia, I'm sure this page will become more interesting later...

After joining I went to the stubs and looked for the first thing I new something about, ending up at cuboid bone. So I'm going to branch out and expand from there, trying to leave as few of those red links in my wake as possible.

Notes to self (or Others!)

-Add joint pages linked from cuboid bone

-Expand "articulations" on metatarsus

title: User:Bennihana


text:
Celestino Rocha da Costa

Celestino Rocha da Costa (25 September 1938 – 23 December 2010) was a prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe. He held the post from 8 January 1988 to 7 February 1991. He was the last head of a single party Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP) government.

Biography
He became member of the Movement of the Liberation of São Tomé (MLSTP) after independence in 1976 and was a single party at the time. He first worked for the Ministry of Justice. From the beginning of 1986, he was Minister of Education, Labour and Social Affairs.

In January 1988, a constitutional amendment retained the post of a Prime Minister, on 8 January, he became Prime Minister up to 7 February 1991. His government included those that were in exile and later Carlos da Graça as Foreign Minister. In February and March 1988, his army cracked down coup attempts in Gabon.

After the introduction of democracy in 1990, in fall 1990, his party became the MLSTP-PSD, he ran for the 1991 legislative elections on 20 January and his party won second place with 30.5% of the votes with 21 out of 55 seats and went into opposition. His post as Prime Minister was succeeded by Daniel Lima dos Santos Daio.

He died in Lisbon, Portugal in 2010, aged 72.

title: Celestino Rocha da Costa


text:
Burger Rings

Burger Rings are a type of corn-based, burger-flavoured Australian snack food distributed by The Smith's Snackfood Company, which, in turn is owned by PepsiCo.

History
Burger Rings were introduced in 1974.

During the late 1990s the Burger Rings brand went through a brand overhaul, coinciding with the acquisition of The Smith's Snackfood Company by Lays. During the brand overhaul the appearance of the packet was changed to a more modernised look with bolder and sharper letters in the logo, adopting its past logo.

Ingredients
Burger Rings are made out of a combination of corn and rice. A Smith's Chips representative confirmed Burger Rings are suitable for vegans.

The ingredients for Burger Rings are as follows: cereals (corn, rice), vegetable oil, maltodextrin, rice bran, salt, sugar, hydrolysed vegetable protein (soy), flavour enhancer (621), food acids (sodium diacetate, citric acid), flavour, mineral salt (potassium chloride), yeast extracts, onion powder, tomato powder. It is also stated on the packaging "Contains Gluten", "Contains Milk or Milk Products", "Contains Soy Bean or Soy Bean Products" in contrast with majority of other packaging that states "may contain traces of..." which is confusing for vegans as it implies one or more of the ingredients are derived from Milk.

Flavours
A Bacon Flavour variant was offered in Australia, briefly.

Marketing
A memorable Star Wars-themed advertisement for the product was aired on Australian television in the early 1980s. It featured a faux Luke Skywalker character on Tatooine. After exiting his Landspeeder, he is confronted by a large group of Jawas who ask for his Burger Rings. He begrudgingly shares them only to be left with a single Burger Ring. A Jawa swiftly grabs that last one and the ad ends.

A radio ad campaign in the 1980s joked that Burger Rings were possibly made of rubber tyres concluding with the slogan "they taste good but!".

A 1989 ad aired on Australian television depicting a school chemistry experiment resulting in the creation of a single Burger Ring snack. The student who performed the experiment consumes the snack and seems to gain superpowers, developing jagged hair and a crazed look as the now-fluorescent Burger Ring bounces inside the boy's ribcage, made visible by a radiographic effect akin to X-ray imaging. This later turns out to be a daydream of the boy who has fallen asleep in a chemistry class, and continues to mix his chemicals in a sleepy haze.

A 1992 ad featured a man at a bus stop who attempts to steal one of the snacks from another man's packet, only having it growl like a dog and attack his arm, making him run away past a sign that says "WARNING - BURGER RINGS BITE". The owner then shares the packet with a woman on his other side.

In popular culture
In 2014, a contestant on Australian quiz show Millionaire Hot Seat failed to identify "Burger ring" as the "gag answer" to the $100 question, "Which of these is not a piece of jewellery commonly worn to symbolise a relationship between two people?". The contestant instead incorrectly locked in "Anniversary ring". The contestant was invited back onto the set at the end of the program where host Eddie McGuire presented her with a packet of Burger Rings as a consolation prize.

In the 2016 comedy-drama film Hunt for the Wilderpeople, in a cameo appearance by the film's writer-director Taika Waititi, the character 'Minister' mentions Burger Rings twice in a mangled parable about Heaven: first as one of "the nummiest treats you can imagine" along with other snack food and beverage items such as Fanta, Doritos, Lemon & Paeroa and Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, and then as a designation of a door.

In 2024, it is the replication task for season 2, episode 4 of Snack Masters New Zealand.

International variants
Burger Rings are available in New Zealand under the same name, except distributed by Bluebird Foods. The New Zealand variant has a different packaging design and a similar slogan: "Full on burger flavour". They are available in 30g and 120g bags, and in 108g 6-pack multipacks.

title: Burger Rings


text:
Teddy (garment)

A teddy, also called a camiknicker, is a garment which covers the torso and crotch in the one garment. It is a similar style of garment to a one-piece swimsuit or bodysuit, but is typically looser and sheerer. The garment is put on by stepping into the leg holes and pulling the garment up to cover the torso. It may cover the whole of the torso or partially and may also cover the arms. They may open at the crotch so that the wearer may use the bathroom without taking it completely off. As an undergarment, it combines the functions of a camisole and panties, and may be preferred to avoid a visible panty line. It is also found as lingerie.

History

The modern-day teddy has its origins as an adult’s undergarment in the 19th century apparently named after German-American clothing manufacturer Theodore Bear (c. 1864-1902).

Originally known as combinations, an 1862 patent introduced men’s one-piece vest and drawers made up of knitted woollen cloth, which were popularly worn from the 1880s.

As a women’s undergarment, combinations comprised chemise and drawers, and could be fashioned from various different fabrics including silk, linen, cotton, or wool. This style had an opening to either the front or back, and could also have buttons to the hips onto which petticoats could be attached. First introduced in 1877, women’s combinations were initially developed to reduce bulk under new styles and silhouettes of outer clothing, with darts and seams providing a closer fitting undergarment. While many styles were sleeveless and had a low-neckline, options also featured long sleeves and/or high necklines, and into the 1890s, were also decorated with ribbons and lace. A one-piece undergarment which combined a camisole and knickers appeared in the 1910s under the name envelope chemise or chemi-knickers,  soon referred to as camiknickers. The style remained fashionable into the 1920s, with examples being referred to as step-ins, combinations, camiknickers, cami-combinations, or cami-bockers at this time.

The camiknicker style retained popularity during World War II when women who served in military-related duties wore trousers instead of skirts. By the late 1940s, the garment lost its popularity.

A version reappeared in the late 1960s, called a braslip, which featured a bra top and attached slip, to wear under short, shift dresses, and replace half slips. Often the bra top was an underwire style, and the entire garment was sized by the bra.

From the 1970s the term teddy or teddie was adopted to refer to a similar style of undergarment. Made from silk or similar weighted synthetic fabric, a teddy had developed into a lightweight bodice with attached underwear, often with button or press-stud fastenings to the gusset.

Another revival began in the 1980s and 1990s, under the name "teddy" or "bodysuit", when the garment was made of spandex, featuring brief construction combining features of a bra and panties, or leotard, and brighter colors.

Modern teddy styles
Most modern teddies are either designed for visual or sex appeal, or as practical clothing. Common teddy styles today include:

Bareback teddy
A bareback teddy is one with an open back, often designed with built-in bust support.

Body briefer teddy
A body briefer is a form-fitting garment which smooths and shapes the wearer's figure. They typically come in a variety of control levels, achieved by using different materials or thicknesses things of materials in the body areas they are designed to control. Like sleep teddies, body briefers tend to use simpler materials and styles than teddies designed for visual appeal. Body briefers are also commonly referred to as "body shapers" or "women's shapers".

Fashion top teddy
A fashion top teddy combines a thong or T-front thong panty, bra and fashion top. Fashion top teddies come in a wide variety of styles, from simple styles with plain materials to very fancy styles with beads, crystals or sequins. Fashion top teddies can be worn as fancy undergarments or as an outer garment without a top over them.

Sleep teddy
A sleep teddy is a loose-fitting teddy designed as sleepwear. A sleep teddy is a practical garment which tends to use simpler materials and styles.

Teddiette
A teddiette is a teddy with detachable garters.

Traditional teddy
A traditional teddy is a loose-fitting teddy designed for visual or sex appeal and to show off the wearer's figure. Traditional teddies often use sheer or partially sheer material.

title: Teddy (garment)


text:
SuperDish

The Super Dish is a satellite dish deployed by DISH Network in November 2003.

Technology
The Super Dish has a dish shaped reflector that is 36" x 20". It receives signals from three orbiting satellites. The Super Dish Provides local channels from the Ku band from SES Americom's AMC-15 satellite. It also provides local and international channels from EchoStar 9, which is also known as Galaxy 23/EchoStar 9 due to a joint partnership with Intelsat.

These two satellite services, and their older Fixed Service Satellite technology, were added to provide additional capacity that allows the DISH Network to complete the Federal Communications Commission's "must-carry" requirements for local channels, and make room for HDTV channels. The Super Dish receives standard Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) services in circular polarization at 12.7GHz from EchoStar's existing 110°W and 119°W slots. The 105°W and 121°W slots are received in same-frequency EM at 11.7 GHz at a lower power. Consequently, Super Dish-compatible receivers are capable of receiving both circularly-polarized and linearly-polarized signals across two distinct frequency bands, originating from as many as four satellites.

Services
Local channels in most major cities were available as digital broadcasts over DISH Network using Super Dish, but HDTV has since been moved to the 61.5 and 129 satellites.

In 2007, most of the services at the 121° location were moved to the Anik F3 satellite at the 118.75° location. Existing Super Dish subscribers were retrofitted with a "repoint kit" to receive most of the same services via the Anik F3 satellite, also in the medium-power FSS band.

Business services were provided to several commercial customers, including many Wachovia Bank branches. These Wachovia branches, now owned by Wells Fargo, can still be seen with a Super Dish installed, through which they receive the "Wells Fargo TV" service.

title: SuperDish


text:
File:Bur palm tree.JPG

Non-Nubian Bur palm tree (بور) on Sherari Island in Dar al-Manasir, Northern Sudan

title: File:Bur palm tree.JPG


text:
Nobby's

Nobby's is Australia's largest nuts brand, manufactured by The Smith's Snackfood Company, the Australian snacks division of PepsiCo.

Nobby's products are typically sold in supermarkets as well as pubs. Their beer nuts pack claims to have at least 97% Australian ingredients while their peanut pack reports that they are "packed in Australia with less than 10% Australian ingredients".

Description
Nobby's Nuts was founded by Anthony 'Nobby' Noblet (1913–1995) in the 1950s.

The brand is sold with a memorable double entendre tagline, "Nibble Nobby's nuts". It began to be advertised on Australian television in the 1980s, using a combination of real-life and animated scenes.

The Nobby's brand was introduced to the UK and Ireland in 2005, launching a distinctive range of nuts and crisps products targeting male consumers. The UK range is positioned as "Fun, blokey and all about flavour, Nobby's is a range of Peanuts and Cashews that delivers straightforward satisfaction with a distinctive sense of humour." British advertising featured musician Noddy Holder, of rock band Slade, frustrated that pub-goers misheard the brand name for himself. The advert was only shown after the 9:00 pm watershed due to its risque humour.

title: Nobby's


text:
Rifat Shaykhutdinov

Rifat Gabdulkhakovich Shaykhutdinov (Рифат Габдулхакович Шайхутдинов; born December 23, 1963) is a Russian politician. He currently serves as a member of the State Duma and the Chairman of the State Duma's Committee on Relations with CIS States and Compatriots, and Deputy Chairman of the State Duma's Committee on Power, Transport and Telecommunications. From 1992 to 1997 he was director of the Center for Experts in the Ministry of State Property in the Northwest Region.

An ethnic Tatar, Shaykhutdinov is a deputy for the Urals Federal District. He is also an author of a novel Political hunting  that contains his works in relation to the political analysis of the social and political situation in Russia as well as worldwide. Shaykhutdinov is a father of two children, Anna (born in 1989) and Rod (born in 1992).

title: Rifat Shaykhutdinov


text:
Talk:Apostolic Council

Disputed
I find a lot of factual errors in this article, in addition there is another article titled Council of Jerusalem which has its own problems.

Claim 1: The Apostolic Council of ca. 48 AD settled the issue of whether non-Jewish Christians had to follow Jewish traditions.

False, the council settled the issue of whether Gentile converts needed to be circumcised.

 * It's not that clear cut. A literal reading of just this text supports your position; however, when you bear in mind that circumcision was a mark of belonging to the Jewish community, and the fact that James addressed other issues of the Law in his conclusion, an argument can reasonably be made that the council was clearly about more than just the practice of circumcision. This article should probably present both the literal reading and at least this common broader interpretation of what was happening. Wesley 16:26, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed, there is more to circumcision than just circumcision, but I think the article should start with Acts 15, then move out into interpretations or expansions since the account in Acts is sparse, hopefully with documentation of where they come from. For example, the claim above is that the Council settled the issue of whether non-Jewish Christians had to follow Jewish traditions. How is that derived from Acts 15 and by whom? Aren't some of James' decree still Jewish? Is circumcision the only Jewish tradition? Isn't the concept of Messiah Jewish? ... Did this council decree Marcionism? 64.169.0.206 06:41, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Claim 2: This came out of a debate between the apostles Paul and Peter.

False, the debate was between some from Judea who said Gentiles had to be circumcised to be saved (Legalism) in combination with some of the Pharisee sect who said they have to be circumcised in order to keep the Law of Moses versus Peter and Paul who objected to circumcision for Gentiles. James judged (note James is in charge of the Jerusalem Church) not to burden new Gentile converts but that they should observe a subset of the Law of Moses, what would later be called the Noahide Laws.

 * I agree, Peter supported Paul's position at this council. Wesley 16:26, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Claim 3: It was decided that gentile Christians did not have to keep the Mosaic law, but that they should still refraim from idolatry, fornication, things strangled, and blood.

Right, a subset of the Mosaic Law, also known as the Noahide Laws. And this applies to new converts, i.e. Gentiles turning back to God.

Claim 4: Acts states that Paul was the head of a delegation from the Antiochene church that came to discuss whether Christians should continue to observe Mosaic Law, most important of which were the practice of circumcision and dietary laws.

False, the issue was specifically whether Gentiles needed to be circumcised.

 * Again, there are arguments for the council having considered a broad or narrow scope; see my answer to Claim 1. Wesley

Claim 5: It appears that he wanted to make sure that what he had been teaching to the Gentile believers in previous years was correct — that Christ's fulfilment of the Mosaic Law, death and resurrection had freed Christian believers from the need to obey Mosaic Law and "for fear that (he) was running or had run (his) race in vain" (Gal 2:2).

Instead of "it appears" it should be: One theory is that ...

Some people view Paul as anti-Torah while others view him as pro-Torah. For the pro-Torah view you have Acts 15 (Paul agrees that a subset of the Torah should apply to new Gentile converts), Acts 16 (Paul *personally* circumcises Timothy even though his father is Greek because his mother is of the Jewish faith) and Acts 21 (James challenges Paul on the rumor that he is teaching rebellion against the Torah, Paul goes to the Jerusalem Temple to show that he is pro-Torah, however some people from Asia Minor where Paul is from spot him and a riot occurs). The greatest advocate of the Paul was anti-Torah position, indeed even Jesus was anti-Torah, was Marcion and Marcionism. The concept that Christians are no longer subject to any law is Antinomianism.

 * I agree, "One theory is that..." is probably preferable. Far better would be to state whose theory it is, by naming an author, or at least a broad group or movement. Wesley 16:26, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

It looks like the main work is happening at Council of Jerusalem, then this title (Apostolic Council) will probably get redirected there, or maybe it should be already redirected? Is there anything of value here that should get copied into Council of Jerusalem? 64.169.0.206 06:41, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Any objection to redirecting this article to Council of Jerusalem?63.201.24.151 05:35, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Condensation of Acts 15, NASV translation
Some men came down from Judea and began teaching the brethren, "Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved." And when Paul and Barnabas had great dissension and debate with them, the brethren determined that Paul and Barnabas and some others of them should go up to Jerusalem to the apostles and elders concerning this issue. ... When they arrived at Jerusalem, they were received by the church and the apostles and the elders, and they reported all that God had done with them. But some of the sect of the Pharisees who had believed stood up, saying, "It is necessary to circumcise them and to direct them to observe the Law of Moses." ... Peter stood up and said to them, "... why do you put God to the test by placing upon the neck of the disciples a yoke which neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear? ..." ... Barnabas and Paul ... were relating what signs and wonders God had done through them among the Gentiles. After they had stopped speaking, James answered, saying, "Brethren, listen to me. Simeon [Peter] has related how God first concerned Himself about taking from among the Gentiles a people for His name. With this the words of the Prophets agree, just as it is written: [Amos9:11-12,Jer12:15,Deut28:10,Isa45:21,63:19,Jer14:19,Dan9:19] Therefore it is my judgment that we do not trouble those who are turning to God from among the Gentiles, but that we write to them that they abstain from things contaminated by idols and from fornication and from what is strangled and from blood. For Moses from ancient generations has in every city those who preach him, since he is read in the synagogues every Sabbath." Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, with the whole church, to choose men from among them to send to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas--Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, leading men among the brethren, and they sent this letter by them, "The apostles and the brethren who are elders, to the brethren in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia who are from the Gentiles, greetings. Since we have heard that some of our number to whom we gave no instruction have disturbed you with their words, unsettling your souls, it seemed good to us, having become of one mind, to select men to send to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have risked their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore we have sent Judas and Silas, who themselves will also report the same things by word of mouth. For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay upon you no greater burden than these essentials: that you abstain from things sacrificed to idols and from blood and from things strangled and from fornication; if you keep yourselves free from such things, you will do well. Farewell."

title: Talk:Apostolic Council


text:
Merewether High School

Merewether High School (abbreviated as MHS) is a government-funded co-educational academically selective secondary day school, located in the suburb of Broadmeadow in the city of, Australia. It was established in 1977 following the merger of Newcastle Technical High School and Cooks Hill Girls High School. The school is named in honour of Edward Merewether, a prominent businessman and civil servant in the Colony of New South Wales who later became the Superintendent of the Australian Agricultural Company in Newcastle.

The school enrolled approximately 1,070 students in 2020, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom two percent identified as Indigenous Australians and 25 percent were from a language background other than English. The school caters for students from a wide area within the Greater Hunter Region. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education; the principal is Rochelle Dooley.

Merewether High students have consistently achieved some of the highest results in the Higher School Certificate, outperforming other schools in the Greater Hunter Region, with many students achieving state rankings in select courses.

History
The suburb of Merewether is named after Edward Merewether, who began his working life in Australia as aide-de-camp to three Governors of New South Wales between 1842 and 1861. He was appointed Superintendent of the Australian Agricultural Company in Newcastle in 1861 and became a significant landowner and local benefactor. The school's E.C. Merewether Award for Creative Endeavour and the shield, which adorns the school's front foyer, were inaugurated in honour of Merewether.

From 1952 until 1976, the site, enclosed by School Street, Awaba Street, Chatham Street, Pokolbin Street and Melville Road, was occupied by Newcastle Technical High School. The school included an industrial arts block (now the covered outdoor learning area (COLA)), K Block (the library), two bike sheds (since removed) and a canteen (since pulled down and a new canteen built in its place). L Block was added in the 1960s.

The school merged with Cooks Hill Girls High School in 1976 to form a comprehensive co-educational high school, which drew students from the suburbs of Carrington, Wickham, Hamilton and Merewether. A building programme commenced just before the merger, with new blocks (A–D) being constructed, and blocks F–G being added later. The final principals of both schools are memorialised in the naming of the Bensley Hall and the Foley Library on the present campus.

Since 1989, enrolment is determined by an academic selection process. The school has a planned capacity of 1,080 students (180 from each year from 7–12). It first reached its enrolment capacity across all years in 2005.

Many buildings sustained severe damage in the 1989 earthquake, but were repaired thereafter. Another more recent event that affected the school was the floods of June 2007, which toppled trees and required the replacement of carpets in some blocks' lower floors, including K Block and the Foley Library.

In 2020, asbestos was found in the roof cavity of K Block, necessitating air monitoring and ceiling encapsulation works. The inspection of the building found that the asbestos levels were below detectability, allowing classrooms to remain in use.

Selective high school
As an academically selective high school, Merewether High School takes enrolments through a statewide process. In the final year of primary school, students are assessed and enrolled by the school on the basis of their achievement across the curriculum and on the Selective Schools Placement Test. Only 180 places are offered for Year 7 students, with the minimum score required for admission in 2015 being 180. After the beginning of Year 7, students are placed into the selective classes by the college on a student-by-student basis.

Extra-curricular activities
Merewether High School offers many extracurricular clubs and activities to its students, many of them musical ensembles, including: string ensemble, percussion ensemble, orchestra, jazz band, concert band, saxophone quartet, flute quartet, clarinet quartet, vocal ensemble and guitar ensemble, formerly facilitated by the honourable Brian Saxby BMus. Other activities and clubs at the school include a chess club, art club, and robotics club.

Merewether High School has participated in Odyssey of the Mind since at least 1992 and have had many successes in this pursuit, including a team of Year 9 students winning the Ranatra Fusca Creativity Award in 2008.

The school has many various sporting teams including: cricket, association football, basketball (The Weathers), rugby union (Merewether Moos), rugby league, Australian rules football, hockey, netball, volleyball, rowing, aerobics team, water polo, tennis, table tennis softball and baseball.

Merewether High School regularly participates in the World's Greatest Shave, with several staff and students shaving their hair to raise money for leukaemia research. In 2021, the school raised over $78,000. In 2022, the school was able to raise over $100,000, the most of any school in Australia.

Merewether High School was one of the schools that competed on the Network 10 programme Shaun Micallef's Brain Eisteddfod.

Notable alumni

 * Tim Ambrose, former cricket player
 * Manu Bennett, actor
 * Chris Brown, veterinarian and television presenter
 * Sarah Halvorsen, Australian rules football player
 * Gordon Hamilton, director of The Australian Voices
 * Erin James, actress
 * Iain Jensen, professional sailor
 * Harry Johnson-Holmes, rugby union player
 * Sarah Kendall, stand up comedian and actress
 * Justin Norris, butterfly and individual medley swimmer, bronze medal in the 200m butterfly at the 2000 Sydney Olympics and YouTuber
 * Nathan Power, water polo player
 * Anna Rose, environmental activist

title: Merewether High School


text:
Travemünde

Travemünde is a borough of Lübeck, Germany, located at the mouth of the river Trave in Lübeck Bay. It began life as a fortress built by Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, in the 12th century to guard the mouth of the Trave, and the Danes subsequently strengthened it. It became a town in 1317 and in 1329 passed into the possession of the free city of Lübeck, to which it has since belonged. Its fortifications were demolished in 1807.

Travemünde has been a seaside resort since 1802, and is Germany's largest ferry port on the Baltic Sea with connections to Sweden, Finland, Russia, Latvia and Estonia. The lighthouse is the oldest on the German Baltic coast, dating from 1539. Another attraction of Travemünde is the Flying P-Liner Passat, a museum ship anchored in the mouth of the Trave.

The annual Travemünder Woche is a traditional sailing race week in Northern Europe. The annual Sand festival in Travemünde is known as the Sand World.

Literature
The 19th century seaside resort was evoked by Thomas Mann in Buddenbrooks. In Part II/5-12 the vacation of Antonie Buddenbrook is told, while in Part X/3 one summer of little Hanno. Travemünde is depicted by Mann as a place of freedom, happiness and – in the case of Antonie – love, in contrast with the problems of everyday life.

Notable people

 * Ida Boy-Ed (1852–1928 in Travemünde) a German writer, supporter of women's issues, she wrote widely read books and newspaper articles.
 * Friedrich Naumann (1860–1919 in Travemünde) a German liberal politician and Protestant parish pastor
 * Otto Ciliax (1891–1964 in Travemünde) an admiral during WWII, served in the navies of the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany.
 * Lilo Peters (1913–2001 in Travemünde) a North German painter and sculptor
 * Peter Nogly (born 1947 in Travemünde) a German football coach and a former player
 * Rötger Feldmann (born 1950 in Travemünde) a German comic-book artist, created the character Werner.
 * Torsten Wohlert (born 1965 in Travemünde) a German former footballer

title: Travemünde


text:
Talk:Vito Corleone

English
I think some of the sections here were written by a non-native English speaker. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.215.16.154 (talk) 22:19, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

Don Corleone packing heat?
Odd question but did the don ever carry a gun around with him..just in case? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.126.51.66 (talk) 01:36, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

Surname
How do you pronounce his surname? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.156.9.9 (talk) 17:06, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

--I assume by this question that you are asking if the final vowel is pronounced. There is no way to determine that from the novel. In the movies, some characters do pronounce the final vowel, rendering it a four syllable word. However, Michael Corleone does not and pronounces it as three syllables. In real life, Al Capone did not pronounce the final ‘e’ in his surname and would get very irritated if anyone who addressed him did so. I rather think that not pronouncing the final vowel in such names is deemed more American, more modern, though that is just speculation on my part. I don’t know how Italians in Italy would pronounce it. I suspect they do pronounce the final syllable, though I’m not certain. —Preceding unsigned comment added by HistoryBuff14 (talk • contribs) 18:37, 20 February 2010 (UTC)

You do pronounce the final 'e' in Standard Italian, but not in Sicilian dialect. elpincha (talk) 20:10, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

Italian from the south (not only sicilian) tempt to not pronounce the last syllable of words, like a slang. If you would read their name in standard Italian, you would have to pronounce the e, but they dont cause they're from the south and it's a way to differentiate them from the North (Milan, Rome). Al Capone was Napolitan so he didnt prononce the last e. For the story of Al Capone being enrage by the fact that poeple were prononcing the last e of his name, it's not totally true. The true story is that at the beginning of his criminal carreer, a newspaper published a article writing the name Al Caponi ( not Capone) and that made him furious and he then made the writer understand that his name was Capone. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.55.56.96 (talk) 19:16, 19 October 2013 (UTC)

Vandalized
It seems someone has destroyed the entire page Edit: Fixed

Sonny

 * He found out later that Sonny saw him commit the murder, and he afterwards blamed himself for his son's violent streak.

How could this be possible? -- Toytoy 08:00, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * This isn't true at all. I removed it. K1Bond007 07:56, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

In the novel Vito and Sonny confront each other and Sonny admits that he witnessed his father murder Don Fanucci.

Real life models?
Does anyone know who the real-life model for Vito Corleone might be? Would this be worth including in the article? john k 07:45, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Costello was already on the page, I added another source that Puzo mentioned.Kenobifan 02:47, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

godfather kicks ass he will put a dead horse in YOUR bed

-I don't understand why is it mentioned that he was based on Vito Genovese. They were very different characters and I don't see nothing similiar between Don Vito Corleone and Don Vito Genovese except the name. I think Vito Corleone was based clearly on Costello but Michael was based a little on Genovese. Michael exile on Sicily after murder and when look how Michael gaining power he kills the heads of Five Families. He was very ruthless. Just like Genovese who want's to wipe everybody just like Michael. Genovese kills Moretti Anastasia and wants to hit Costello but failed. I think Michael is a little similiar character to Genovese but why Vito is based on Genovese that I don't understand.

Film over book prejudice
Vito's early life had some alterations made to it for the films, and this page's article seems to treat the film as the canonical version, rather than making reference to the changes made.

For example, it says that his family was murdered when he was nine, that he avenged their death as an adult, and that he was renamed Vito Corleone on Ellis Island. The book states that he was twelve. Only the film says he was nine. In the book, his father was not killed by a Mafia boss--he himself killed the Mafia boss, and then was killed in retribution. Vito's mother, then still alive, sent him to America. In the film, an immigration officer renames him Vito Corleone. In the book, he takes that name for himself to honor his native city.

2011-03-17 - Agreed. It even attributes film distinctives to the novel, rather than just presenting the film version of the story. It will take quite a bit of time to undo this problem. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.169.43.24 (talk) 06:13, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

 * coded-movie@trackers.info 93.86.237.160 (talk) 00:21, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

Small Inaccuracies
'Corleone later met Peter Clemenza, who gave him an opportunity to obtain a rug for his home. So, both men went into the home of Clemenza's friend, who was not home, and took his rug, almost being caught by a police officer.'

A very small point - and must admit I have only seen the films (many times) and never read the books - but surely there is little evidence that this was really a friend of Clemenza - just a 'cased' house to which Clemenza had a skeleton key? I'm quite sure that this was just an introduction to crime ...

Yeah, well clearly you're not going to kill a cop if he catches you taking a rug with the permission of its owner. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.148.5.119 (talk) 05:08, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

It mentions that at the start of the movie, the daughter of the undertaker was "sexually assaulted". From what I remember of the film, the undertaker makes it very clear that the boys that attacked her didn't get anywhere in the sex department, ("She kept her honor") which is why they beat her up so badly. 11:45, 24 June 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.43.243.26 (talk)

Date of Birth
It seems that Vito was born on the same date as the bombing of Pearl Harbour. Source: Godfather Part II --Pinnecco 22:44, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * This would mean that he was born in 1891, not 1892, since the scene at the beginning of Part II takes place in 1901, and the weather suggests that it's before December 7. This is, of course, based on the movie, not the book. --Palpatine 02:04, 18 February 2006 (UTC)
 * For those who are confused, a clarification:
 * At the beginning of Part II, the bottom of the screen states that the year is 1901. Furthermore, there is expository text stating that he is nine years old at the time.  In the very last scene of Part II, it is mentioned that the attack on Pearl Harbor occurred on Vito's birthday, meaning he was born on December 7.  Now, in the first scene of the movie (where he is nine years old and the year is 1901), it is clearly Northern Hemisphere summertime.  Since his birthday is on December 7, for him to be nine years old in the summer of 1901 means that his ninth birthday must have taken place on December 7, 1900.  Perform the necessary subtraction, and voila!  Vito Andolini was born on December 7, 1891.  Kurt Weber 21:45, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Vito Corleone's tombstone shows his birthdate as April 28, 1887.15.235.153.106 18:24, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Would you really say it was clearly Summertime? It looked a bit bleak. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.148.5.119 (talk) 05:24, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I don't agree with the assumption that it's summertime. It's pretty sunny and hot in Sicily be it winter or summer, and we don't really know what time of year it is when he arrives in New York (it's obviously not the hottest part of the summer or the coldest part of winter, but it could be an overcast day any time of the year aside from that). We also don't even know how much time passed between the murder of his mother and his arrival in America.— Chowbok  ☠  23:20, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

How about this: in teh Godfather part I Vito Corleone is buried. The monument, inscribed Corleone, mentions 'Vito April 28, 1887 July 29, 1955'. How does this tally with the other sources? Michel Doortmont (talk) 16:46, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

When Vito is buried in Godfather I, the monument I see says "Corleone" and then below that it says "Vito - April 26, 1891 - " with the date of his death not yet inscribed.Jameywiki (talk) 19:35, 6 February 2016 (UTC)

Date of Death
I'm just curious. What is the source for this date?--Son of Somebody 14:43, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

-He wasn't die in 1954!! He died in the year of 1950. In the Godfather Part II when Michael testifying before the Senat Committee they asking him that in the year of 1950 he ordered to murder heads of the Five Families. In this year Vito was already dead!! He didn't die in 1954 for sure.

I agree: 1950 (or 1949 possibly) was the year of Vito's death and 1950 was certainly the year of deaths of Tessio, Moe Green, etc.Jrm2007 01:45, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

Okay, the death year was changed from 1950 back to 1954 without explanation. Can't think of a more authoritative source than Godfather II unless it is the book or Godfather I. It is absolutely clear that in Godfather I, V. Corleone died during a hot month, so not December. Therefore, if Godfather II is to be believed (from what was said by the Senator), he died in 1950 as first mentioned by the second poster on this page. Would like to hear reasoning from the person who decided to change my edit.Jrm2007 00:40, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

The birth year of his grandson has bearing on Vito's death date -- see the discussion page for Anthony Corleone. Nice that someone without a handle keeps reverting death date without being willing to discuss reasons.Jrm2007 03:12, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

It is asserted that V. Corleone's tombstone is shown in one of the films and a death year of 1955 is on it. Can anyone verify this? If true, there is simply a major inconsistency in the film versions.Jrm2007 05:13, 19 July 2007 (UTC)
 * See birth date above: On the monument the death date reads 'July 29, 1955'. How does this tally with the other sources? Michel Doortmont (talk) 16:47, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Long Island?
Are you sure the Corleones resided on Long Island? I thought they resided in the borough of Staten Island...?
 * NewYork1956 06:01, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

you claim to be from new york yet staten island isnt a borough dickhead.

-Corleones compound wasn't on Staten Island and it wasn't on the Long Island it was on Long Beach.

Yeah I asked someone about this [he was a tourist just back from New York] I want to know where is this long beach? I also wrongly assumed it was called Long Beach like named after LOng Island, but forgive me, I only want to know where the Don lived and I have no idea. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.148.5.119 (talk) 05:26, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Two Things: a) Staten Island is one of the five boroughs, despite the claims of our rude friend b)  Long Beach is on Long Island. Look it up on Google Maps. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.226.172.117 (talk) 01:13, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

In the story the Corleones lived on Long Island. In true life the mansion in the film was located on Staten Island —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.10.219.167 (talk) 15:53, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

Quotes
I just moved all the quotes on this page to Wikiquote. There was already a "The Godfather" article in Wikquote, so I just appened the quotes in this article to the Wikiquote version.

However, this meant the template wouldn't work, since it links to whatever the Wikipedia page name is. Under Wikipedia, "Vito Corleone" has his own article; under Wikiquote, "Vito Corleone" is only a section under "The Godfather." Since there's no "Vito Corleone" article on Wikiquote, it doesn't go anywhere. So, I just made a plain text link under "References."

Is there a way to fix the template? Or should "Vito Corleone" be created as a #REDIRECT page to "The Godfather" in Wikiquote?

Nevermind, Wikiquotepar did the trick.

In this Wiki, there's a reference to Vito saying "I want all inquiries made", when Tom Hagen informs him that Sonny was killed. In fact, Vito says "I want NO inquiries made", and this is a critical distinction. Even if this word was muffled on the screen, it also makes sense - given Vito's desire to now meet with the heads of the Five Families - that Vito would NOT make inquiries, because this would give the impression that Vito was planning something, possibly to retaliate for Sonny's murder. By making NO inquiries, it makes his overt gesture more genuine, as if to say "I accept what has happened, but now we must move on". —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tomada36 (talk • contribs) 16:43, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

Robert DeNiro image
Robert DeNiro also received an Academy Award for his role in The Godfather II as Vito Corleone, so I think there should be an image of him as Vito in the character's biography. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 87.196.105.235 (talk) 20:04, 25 April 2007 (UTC).

Head of Corleone family before Vito
Logically, wasn't Vito Corleone's father, Antonio Andolini, the head of the Corleone family, before Vito took over?? It is the same family, after all, and he was the head of the family, before Vito attained adulthood. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kwakkles (talk • contribs) 17:53, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

Head of the family, yes, but Family, no. Note the case of the first letter. Puzo himself used this important distinction, and varied it according to the meaning or intent of the use.

And also needless to say, Vito would have been head of the Andolini family, not the Corleone family. And it was young Vito who began the criminal dynasty -Antonio was actually killed for standing up against the Mafia [he had been in a dispute with a neighbour, the neighbour referred the matter to local Mafiosi for a ruling, and Antonio refused to obey the decision they handed down] so there was nothing in that sense for Vito to take over, except the family name [and he didn't even do that!]. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.148.5.118 (talk) 05:16, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Male Chauvinism
Is it absolutely necessary to mention that Vito showed signs of male chauvinism? The story is set in the 1940s. I think it goes without saying that his views would be chauvinistic. It was hardly a concious choice of Coppola's to include that side of him. It cheapens the article considerably to include such a hackneyed feminist intepretation of a character who neither invites it or needs it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.175.225.192 (talk) 15:03, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

And even further exonerating Coppola, was the fact that all of these traits were pointed out and criticised by Puzo himself, the sole creator of the character. Reading his original book introducing Vito, he repeatedly calls Vito "old fashioned", and even characterises Sicilian culture generally as "primitive" in the field of sexual equality etc. So I think Coppola was just faithful to the character he had inherited from Puzo, and Puzo himself was fully aware of the prejudices and assumptions of the character he had created. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.148.5.119 (talk) 05:22, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Vito GF.JPG
Image:Vito GF.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 22:14, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Running Info From the Second Movie Together With the Novel
In the article, it states that the information concerning Vito Corleone’s background comes from “In the Novel.” However, much of it is taken from the movie The Godfather, Part II. In the novel, there is no mention of Vito having had a brother or that his mother was killed.

Vito's father is killed not for refusing to pay tribute per se, but rather because he has quarreled with another villager who then took his case to an unnamed local Mafia chief who sided with him. Vito’s father refuses to accept the Mafia chief's judgment, presumably continuing the quarrel for which he is ultimately killed. The Mafia chief begins to worry that Vito, now age 12, will eventually seek revenge and “makes inquires” regarding the boy, which are presumably perceived as a threat to murder the boy. Vito is then sent by his mother to live with friends (the Abbandando family, Italian grocers who take the boy in and put him to work) in New York City. All of this is contained within Book III of the novel, upon which the movie embellishes.

The first two movies don’t always strictly follow the novel. (In regard to Part II, the portions contained within the novel.) Would people here rather I change the article to correct for all this or would you rather make some sort of note that the article is drawn partially from the novel and partially from the second movie? Please advise.

--I added a clarifying note at the beginning of the relevant section under "Backstory."

—Preceding unsigned comment added by HistoryBuff14 (talk • contribs) 18:57, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

Date of death (1954 vs. 1955)
There are multiple, inconsistent, sources on Vito Corleone's date of death. Paramount's official series website (http://www.thegodfather.com/) says 1954. OTOH, the tombstone in the movie (first movie, about the 2:33 mark in the DVD cut, near the start of the funeral), says April 28, 1887 - July 29, 1955. A screencap of that is at: http://www.sorabji.com/pictures/64606-3/vlcsnap-82113.png

This problem has been mentioned before.

But since this gets edited back and forth, we should pick one, and add a comment in the article to keep it that way, with a link back here for an explanation. I suggest we accept the tombstone as accurate. It's really subject to the least possible amount of interpretation. Rwessel (talk) 16:46, 8 April 2014 (UTC)

 * hair-type@infrigment-report.dnk 93.86.237.160 (talk) 00:20, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vito Corleone


text:
Talk:Hans Baldung

Article Needs More Input from Last Citation, Hults
Want to point out that the last citation here, Linda C. Hults, from 1987, is much better informed than is currently reflected in this article and much of her analysis seems anti-thetical to the view expressed herein. Baldung was born around the time of the printing of Malleus Maleficarum and it was printed 13x before the Reformation brought a pause, then it was printed 16x during the Counter Reformation. Hults places Baldung into proper context, and analyzes his work with great intelligence. Whether wittingly or not, this article seems to be influenced by the 20th c. apologism, a symptom of which seems to be an odd tendency to refer to witchphobic jurists who as "humanists" while those who argued for innocence and humane treatment of the accused, like Johannes Weyer and Reginald Scot, are referred to as "demonologists." Editorial bias will always be present, but it would be nice to at least see better concrete information and historical context provided before pushing an interpretation. Lewismr (talk) 15:06, 9 December 2018 (UTC)

 * I made some stylistic edits that may have reinforced the substantive problems you have identified. I leave this to others with expertise in this area to address. Zeno Cosini~enwiki (talk) 23:54, 26 November 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
A cut and paste from Encyclopedia Britannica 1911? --Wetman 08:01, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Do you have a link? Anyway, if it is, we do have a template for this: 1911. Rl 09:33, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Part of it appears in this blog post: http://jahsonic.wordpress.com/2007/08/20/grace-age-woman-and-the-northern-renaissance/ and is referenced as being from the 1911 Britannica, so I'm adding the template. -- 81.159.132.53 (talk) 16:31, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

EB9
Included link. More details there, where the treatment is hilariously biased and insulting towards the artist. Could be worked into the article with rephrasing or couching ("British criticism held that..."). — Llywelyn II   12:34, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Hans Baldung. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071218205733/http://www.all-art.org/er_in_art/06-1.html to http://www.all-art.org/er_in_art/06-1.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:11, 29 October 2017 (UTC)

Wiki invention?
"grienhals", a German word for witch: Is there any proof for the existence of this term outside of Wikipedia or sources quoting from Wikipedia? -- 2003:E5:1700:830E:BC7E:3E2A:9232:E419 (talk) 11:38, 31 March 2019 (UTC)

File:Hans Baldung Grien - Portrait of a Man - Google Art Project.jpg scheduled for POTD
Hello! This is to let editors know that the featured picture File:Hans Baldung Grien - Portrait of a Man - Google Art Project.jpg, which is used in this article, has been selected as the English Wikipedia's picture of the day (POTD) for November 25, 2020. A preview of the POTD is displayed below and can be edited at Template:POTD/2020-11-25. For the greater benefit of readers, any potential improvements or maintenance that could benefit the quality of this article should be done before its scheduled appearance on the Main Page. If you have any concerns, please place a message at Wikipedia talk:Picture of the day. Thank you! Cwmhiraeth (talk) 12:04, 30 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hans Baldung