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Johnny Valentine

John Theodore Wisniski (September 22, 1928 – April 24, 2001), better known by his ring name Johnny Valentine, was an American professional wrestler with a career spanning almost three decades. He has been inducted into four halls of fame for his achievements in wrestling. Wisniski is the father of professional wrestler Greg "The Hammer" Valentine.

He held numerous regional titles, including the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship. He had long running rivalries with Bobo Brazil, Pat O'Connor, Buddy Rogers, Antonio Rocca, Lou Thesz, Harley Race, The Sheik, Wahoo McDaniel, Fritz von Erich, Bruno Sammartino, Johnny Powers, Antonio Inoki, Jack Brisco, and Jerry Brisco. He alternated between being a villain and a hero (babyface) during the Golden Era in the 1940s through 1960s of wrestling.

In 1975, he was injured in a plane crash; he suffered a broken back and was forced to retire from wrestling. He worked briefly as a manager before retiring altogether. He suffered from several health problems during his retirement, which worsened considerably after a fall in 2000. He died the following year.

Professional wrestling career
Valentine debuted as a professional wrestler in 1947, wrestling Karl Nowena in Buenos Aires. In order to make the matches as believable as possible, Valentine insisted the men he faced in the ring hit him as hard as possible. From that he earned a strong reputation as being a very tough man. On January 1, 1950, Buddy Rogers defeated Valentine in the finals of a United States title tournament. He also competed in the NWA's Capitol Wrestling territory. Jerry Graham, who was a co-holder of the Northeast version of the NWA United States Tag Team Championship, selected Valentine in November 1959 to take over the title from Graham's injured partner. They were beaten for the title belts the following April, but Valentine took on a new partner, Buddy Rogers, to regain the championship by defeating The Fabulous Kangaroos on November 19, 1960. Wisniski's rivalry with the Kangaroos continued, as the Kangaroos regained the belts in a rematch one week later. Valentine went over one year without holding a championship before teaming with a new partner, this time Bob Ellis, to defeat the Kangaroos and take back the championship. Valentine and Ellis lost the belts to Buddy Rogers & Handsome Johnny Barend in a match where Arnold Skoaland subbed for Ellis, but the belts were still up, on Washington, DC TV. Rogers and Barend then defeated the real team of Valentine & Ellis 2 pins to 1 in a main event at Madison Square Garden.

In Toronto, Valentine and three different partners won the International Tag Team title during 1963. Valentine left the territory without dropping the title. He wrestled in Japan in the mid-1960s and had a series of matches against Antonio Inoki. Those matches are regarded as the bouts that helped build Inoki into an elite wrestler in Japan, as Valentine was the highest-profile foreign wrestler Inoki had ever faced at the time. Valentine put over Inoki in the matches, dropping the Toronto version of the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship to him catapulting Inoki's career in the process. Valentine also continued to wrestle in the former Capitol Wrestling territory, which had since been renamed the World Wide Wrestling Federation. While there, he had one last reign with what was then known as the WWWF United States Tag Team Championship, as he teamed with Tony Parisi to hold the belts for seven months in 1966. Valentine later turned on Parisi, however. This ignited a brief feud with Bruno Sammartino, who was billed as Parisi's cousin. Because Valentine was also wrestling in Texas at the same time, he got only sporadic main event matches against Sammartino during this feud.

Valentine then moved on to the Florida territory, where he won the NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship three times. In Georgia, he defeated Tim Woods for the NWA Georgia Heavyweight title, on May 10, 1968, and repeated his win in a match against Doug Gilbert (not to be confused with the Doug Gilbert who was not yet born) to retake the title. In Missouri, Valentine competed for the Missouri Heavyweight Championship in a tournament to determine the inaugural champion. He defeated Baron von Raschke before withdrawing from the tournament due to focus his efforts on the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. After Harley Race won the tournament and the title belt, Valentine defeated him to win the championship on January 19, 1973. He dropped the belt to Terry Funk the following month. Because Funk used a chair as a weapon in front of the referee, fans demanded a rematch. Valentine was unable to compete due to heart problems, however, so Gene Kiniski took his place and won the belt from Funk. In October 1972, Valentine defeated Jacques Rougeau for the International Heavyweight Championship, but was stripped of the title in January 1973, after he no-showed the rematch.

In the National Wrestling Federation, Valentine defeated Johnny Powers for the NWF North American Heavyweight Championship on September 1, 1972. Powers beat Valentine for the title in October, but Valentine won the title again from Abdullah the Butcher on October 19. He was stripped of the title following a match with Johnny Powers. On November 23, he captured the title from Powers, but lost it again in January. In the Japan Wrestling Association, Valentine won the International Tag Team title on February 22, 1973, and then the NWA United National Championship on March 2. He lost the Tag title on March 6, and the United National title on March 8. Back in the National Wrestling Federation, in August 1973, Valentine beat Jacques Rougeau, Sr. to win the North American Heavyweight Championship. He lost it to Johnny Powers in late 1973.

In Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling, Valentine was awarded the Mid Atlantic Heavyweight Championship in January 1974, after Jerry Brisco left to work in Japan. Valentine lost the title to Wahoo McDaniel shortly before winning the United States Heavyweight Championship from Harley Race in Greensboro, North Carolina on July 4, 1975. Valentine held that title at the time he was paralyzed in a plane crash.

After his paralysis, he remained active in professional wrestling as a manager in Paul Boesch's Texas-based promotion. Valentine managed Dale Hey, who competed as Dale Valentine in a storyline that saw the two promoted as brothers. The storyline did not last long, however.

Personal life
Valentine was originally from Maple Valley, Washington. He is said to have come from a dysfunctional family. He was a devout Christian for many years. He was married in the early 1950s and the marriage lasted 20 years until they divorced. He was later married to a woman named Sharon, who worked across the street from his apartment in the mid 1970s when they met. She later visited John as he was recovering in hospital from his 1975 plane crash. Sometime later, the relationship ended as he didn't want her to see him in his condition. Years later, while on braces and crutches, he managed to drive around her neighbourhood for hours until he found her house. As he slowly walked to the front door, Sharon's daughter announced to Sharon that Johnny Valentine was in front of their home. Sharon, having been ill, refused to go to the door and hid. Valentine insisted he wouldn't leave until he saw her. When she finally came to the door, he asked her to marry him and she accepted. Following John's death, Sharon planned to write a book titled A Never Ending Love Story of a Wrestler and His Wife about their life together. He also had a son from a long-ago previous relationship, Greg Valentine, who has wrestled professionally since 1970 and is best known as Greg "The Hammer" Valentine. Ric Flair, who wrestled with Wisniski, has described him as a quiet person who kept to himself. He was also known for making his demands clear to employers and not backing down, and many stories continue to circulate about practical jokes, or ribs, that he played on his fellow wrestlers.

On October 4, 1975, Valentine was in a private airplane (a twin-engined Cessna 310 ) with Ric Flair, David Crockett, Bob Bruggers, and Tim Woods. Because of the weight of the passengers, the pilot realized that he could not take off without reducing the amount of fuel the plane was carrying. Part way through the flight, the aircraft ran out of fuel and crashed near Wilmington, North Carolina. The crash broke Flair's back, Bob Bruggers, Wisniski, and pilot Michael Farkus also broke their backs. A bone fragment became embedded in his spinal column, paralyzing him for life and forcing him to have a clamp implanted to hold the bones in his back together. Farkus died a year later having never awakened from a coma. Crockett and Woods suffered less serious injury.

In August 2000, Valentine fell from his front porch, and had a number of injuries and complications. These included a fractured back, pneumonia, staph infection, collapsed lungs and kidney failure. Due to his many injuries he slipped into a coma. At one point he came out of it while his wife was singing to him. He began singing himself but fell back into the coma. His wife had purchased medical insurance through a health maintenance organization (HMO), but the organization was unwilling to pay for Wisniski's extended stay in the hospital. As a result, Lou Thesz's wife convinced the Cauliflower Alley Club to help contribute to Wisniski's medical bills. Those medical bills reached close to a million dollars.

Valentine has been recognized for his wrestling career by several sources. Shortly after his death, he was named the 2001 recipient of Pro Wrestling Illustrated's Stanley Weston Award, a recognition given for lifetime achievement in professional wrestling. He has also been inducted into several halls of fame. He was a member of the inaugural class of inductees to the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame in 1996. He is also a member of the Stampede Wrestling Hall of Fame. In 2006, he was inducted into the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame, and he joined the St. Louis Wrestling Hall of Fame the following year.

Valentine died peacefully in River Oaks, Texas on April 24, 2001. He was 72. His wife Sharon kept his ashes in her bedroom. She died in 2013.

Championships and accomplishments

 * 50th State Big Time Wrestling
 * NWA Hawaii Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ripper Collins

 * All Japan Pro Wrestling
 * NWA International Tag Team Championship (Japan version) (1 time) – with Killer Karl Krupp
 * NWA United National Championship (1 time)

 * Big Time Wrestling (Boston)
 * BTW United States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

 * Big Time Wrestling (Detroit)
 * NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Detroit version) (3 times)

 * Capitol Wrestling Corporation / World Wide Wrestling Federation
 * NWA United States Television Championship (5 times, inaugural)
 * NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Northeast version) (3 times) – with Buddy Rogers (1), “Cowboy” Bob Ellis (1), and Dr. Jerry Graham (1)
 * WWWF United States Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tony Parisi

 * Championship Wrestling from Florida
 * NWA Brass Knuckles Championship (Florida version) (1 time)
 * NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
 * NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (Florida version) (1 time)
 * NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (1 time) – with Boris Malenko

 * L&G Promotions
 * L&G Caribbean Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

 * IHW Entertainment
 * Hall of Fame (Class of 2010)

 * International Wrestling Association (Chicago)
 * IWA International Heavyweight Championship (Chicago version) (1 time)

 * International Wrestling Association (Montreal)
 * IWA International Heavyweight Championship (Montreal version) (1 time)

 * Maple Leaf Wrestling
 * NWA International Tag Team Championship (Toronto version) (5 times) – with Bulldog Brower (1), The Beast (1), Jim Hady (1), and Whipper Billy Watson (2)
 * NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Toronto version) (7 times)

 * Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling
 * NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Mid-Atlantic version) (1 time)

 * Mid-South Sports
 * NWA Georgia Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

 * Minneapolis Wrestling and Boxing Club
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship (Minneapolis version) (1 time) – with Chet Wallick

 * National Wrestling Alliance
 * NWA Hall of Fame (Class of 2011)

 * NWA Los Angeles
 * NWA "Beat the Champ" Television Championship (2 times)

 * National Wrestling Federation
 * NWF Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * NWF North American Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * PWI Most Inspirational Wrestler of the Year (1973)
 * PWI Stanley Weston Award (awarded posthumously) in 2001

 * Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Class of 2006

 * Southwest Sports, Inc. / NWA Big Time Wrestling
 * NWA Brass Knuckles Championship (Texas version) (5 times)
 * NWA American Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA American Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Wahoo McDaniel (2) and Thunderbolt Patterson (1)
 * NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (9 times)
 * NWA Texas Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Eddie Graham
 * NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Texas version) (1 time)1

 * St. Louis Wrestling Club
 * NWA Missouri Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

 * St. Louis Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Class of 2007

 * Stampede Wrestling
 * NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship (Calgary version) (2 times)
 * Stampede Wrestling Hall of Fame (Class of 1995)

 * Western States Sports
 * NWA North American Heavyweight Championship (Amarillo version) (1 time)

 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)

1This championship would be renamed the NWA American Heavyweight Championship in May 1968. It would go on to be renamed the WCWA World Heavyweight Championship after World Class' withdrawal from the NWA in February 1986.

title: Johnny Valentine


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Talk:Quality (disambiguation)

Response theory
I guess I am jumping in here, but the so-called q-value or quality is a key characteristic of any physical phenomenon which is well described by a lorentzian line shape.

So I added some stuff about this in (this is the same idea behind the timbre=quality of a musical note, but a bit more explicit). $$Insert non-formatted text here$$[[Media:

Example.ogg
[Media:http://www.example.com link title--~]]]

Definition
''The first meaning is technical, the second practical, the third artistic and the fourth metaphysical. All four meanings, and therefore the meaning of quality, are synonymous with good.''

Utter rubbish. I can say that a beer has an overbearing astringent quality. The word 'quality' is not synonomous with 'good' in that sentence. Hence, Wikipedia is wrong in this case.

On top of that, 'quality' doesn't even belong in something calling itself an 'encyclopedia'. It belongs in a dictionary. Obviously, the Wikipedians have put it here so that they can honestly say that Wikipedia contains quality articles (ha ha!).

 * I think it's not so bad now. Although as a whole the article needs work. It is clearly useful in the context of Quality as a focus for business, engineering, public work and a whole host of other human activities. But see the next section's suggestion ... Matt Whyndham 17:09, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

No doubt quality is 'subjectiuve in the sence that each person perceives it differenly; even for the same product or service. But in general quality are the features, characteristics or attributes of a product or service which make it desirable to the customer or consumer. Quality is always for and judged by the customer or consumer. The supplier or producer just has to guess, anticipate and chase; hoping to converge with the customer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by A.Nsubisi 196.46.106.84 (talk) 13:07, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Incorrect "in general". Your comment only relates to meaning #1. Gabriel Kielland 13:43, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

According to Philip Crosby, the term needs to be defined by the person / entity using the term. In his courses -- those taught at the Crosby Quality College in Florida during the 1980's and 90's -- he defined it as "Conformance to Requirements". Applied to a product, this included any applicable organizational requirements (which include those necessitated by the business plan and those of other interested parties -- e.g. the Federal Aviation Administration) as well as those of the customer. Jcwikiwiki 10:27, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Quality/Quality control
"Quality," the abstract concept, and "quality control" are not the same thing. Should Category:Quality be renamed to reflect this, and should this page be removed from that category? Please respond on my talk page, thanks... Paul 04:35, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd think the section "[Quality] in organizations" should be merged into either Quality control or Quality management. The page Quality should deal with the philosophical concept of quality. A disambiguation page should be set up to direct readers interested in the engineering concept of quality to those other pages. -- The Photon 02:13, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

Quality exposition
Added a short paragraph on quality being both a tool of measurement and a positive term.

Design vs Mfg
''Most of these techniques and concepts are controversial to one degree or another, since there are two opposing schools of thought with regard to quality. One school subscribes to a statistical approach to quality, measuring variation and then taking corrective action. The other school subscribes to a more organic approach, arguing that one should "design in quality" rather than trying to "test in quality".''

There is a difference between quality of design and the quality of production. Six Sigma and other quality control methods use statistical methodology and sampling to determine how consistently a product is being produced and offers a methodology to correct deviations. QC methods not deal with product design. No matter how well designed an item is, if it is being manufactured poorly it will not work with a high degree of reliability. Conversely, no matter how consistently and uniformly a poor design is produced, good production methods cannot improve on a poor design. The above paragraph makes no sense and does not belong in the article. TDC 19:31, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The sentence is poorly written, but obviously whoever wrote it is describing Deming vs. Six Sigma. Seems as though something needs to be included along that line. Just better written. Brimba 20:16, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

"Costs go down and productivity goes up, as improvement of quality is accomplished by better management of design, engineering, testing and by improvement of processes. Better quality at lower price has a chance to capture a market. Cutting costs without improvement of quality is futile."

W. Edwards Deming "Quality and the Required Style of Management" 1988

Deming consistently emphasized the necessity of the quality of design, the quality of the processes used for design, and the quality of the processes that produce goods or services. The statistical methods developed by Walter Shewhart are very useful in many aspects of the design of products and services. Deming spoke often about the importance of reducing variation in the quality of goods and services. He spoke of the need to reduce variation at every stage of all processes. Reducing variation by control chart studies is a central theme in the Deming management theories. Knowledge about variation is one of the four pillars of The Deming System of Profound Knowledge.

The Deming System of Profound Knowledge http://forum.qualitygurus.com/viewtopic.php?t=21

Health Care Quality
Health Care Quality is the Quality of health prevention, treatment and management of illness and the preservation of a patient's mental and physical well-being of the services given through medical and health professionals in the industry,community and rural areas. Health Care Quality can be at highest quality to the lowest quality of health Care.

Inherent Quality (associated with software and IT)
A paper has been written for wikipedia. See http://inherentquality.com Site also includes special COBIT weblog articles... article 1 of 16 authored with expert ISACA/ITGI collaboration

Property and quality
(moved here from the top to leave the contents box prominent. Don't know the provenance of the following. Matt Whyndham 16:55, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Quality is the substance that makes an object/entity what it is. A quality is inherent, a property is relative. A quality is typical of the whole, a property is typical of a part.

Property is relative. Quality is absolute. An object can survive without some properties, but not without its quality.

A property is comon in all members of a class. Properties are of two kinds. Group 1 property shows the limits (contains constraints). If they disappear, the object itself disappears.

They are substantial (not substance) properties. The constraints here are not the same as the specifics of an object, though.

Group 2 properties are simple properties. They do not delimit objects. It is the quality that makes a difference among objects.

The number of qualities of an object is endless.

A particular quality may be the property of different objects, and vice versa.

A quality itself is a propetry, it is relative as any other property, i.e. it does not depend on the object that it is a quality of, but on other objects associated with that object.

Or: what is a quality for one object is a property only for another. (Example: an ability to do something – with an amateur and a professional).

A quality is not complete specifics. Therefore we have a separate sense for it (quality). If two substantial properties make up a quality, then combined, they are again a substantial property. The complete set of qualities is what you call the specifics.

see also: "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Substance_theory"

Apogr 20:16, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Rob Pirsig's Quality
I'm suprised to not see more on this page about Rob Pirsig's concept of quality. The potential implications of the concept laid out in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintainance are fascinating at least and ground breaking at best. And since he discovered the concept through the very problem of *being unable to define quality* in the first place, its greater relevence to this page is even more apparent.

Does anyone agree with me here or am I way off track? Mythiran 03:42, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

OK - I've been a QA professional for over 20 years, so I guess I'm qualified to speak on the subject. Quality can be defined, and is quite thoroughly and in exacting detail millions of time per day. As far as Quality goes in an engineering, manufacturing, and business sense, Rob Pirsig is not relevant in any way at all. Hmoul 04:44, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Quite the contrary, as Pirsig himself made clear. All activites which involve quality are subject to Rob Pirsig's MoQ - fixing a motor-cycle, constructing a flat-pack piece of furnature, crafting a sculpture, etc. That's the point. Mythiran 19:16, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

The following quote is problematic: "...studies the philosophical aspects of Quality, and examines the distinctions and relationship between classical and romantic quality, seeking to reconcile the two views and understand how they stand in relationship to each other. In this context the two aspects of classical object-oriented and romantic subject-oriented quality roughly parallel aesthetic quality and functional quality. The resolution of the book points to a view of quality which relegates this subject-object dualism to a product of a non-dualistic Absolute." I don't find this entry very informative or useful (and not even that evocative!) beyond saying that Pirsig recognizes a distinction (named but left unspecified) that apparently needs reconciliation (unexplained) then suggests ("points to a view") that it is the product of something else (left unspecified) called the "non-dualistic Absolute". As is, this is impressionism, not philosophy. If Pirsig's inquiry is relevant, this entry does not show it. Jcblackmon 16:55, 19 June 2007 (UTC)jcblackmon

Pirsig is quite relevant in the sense that the perception of quality is mutable depending on the expectation of the the person perceiving the object in question. Quality is subjective and deserves to be discussed on a philosophical level as well as scientific because it is a perception. Jefree ?? (he didn't sign off)

I'm not certain about that. I seem to remmeber Pirsig saying that Quality was beyond the subjective, he talked of a pre-intellectual conciousness of the object being the closest we could come to perception of quality. Quality was the moment that subject and object collided.

It appears we will require the aid of a specialist if MoQ is to be represented adequately and accurately to this article. (193.113.57.163 11:58, 27 June 2007 (UTC))

Elliot My only comment for now is on the narrow interpretation of quality by Wikipedia (it used to be more broad). There is no consideration of quality in philosophical or artistic terms. Keeping in mind that quality is not constrained to existential matters. How can a definition or explanation of quality not include beauty? It slaps the past 300 years of philosophy and the humanitites in the face.

Such considerations should be on a separate entry - in general everyone that considers themselves on expert on Quality will reject the premise outright. Quality professionals deal with quality as definable absolutes as determined by manufacturing, production, customer satisfaction, etc. Philosophical angles are perhaps better addressed by design considerations. There are many, many things considered to be of very high quality that are just outright ugly - not everything is meant for the public market where aesthetic considerations are placed at a premium.

As I've stated previously - quality really isn't subjective. Otherwise you wouldn't be able to measure it. Hmoul 22:32, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

Reduction of clutter
This page seemed to have much too much content for a typical disambiguation page. I think the idea of merging other articles into it (specifically the one about physics quality) came from this. So I have tried to clean up this page to make it more streamlined. Partly this required moving content from this page to the physics page, and vice-versa. Hopefully this makes it easier to use and clear that all the various meanings of quality which seem to have their place deserve more thorough treatment in other articles.

Dhollm (talk) 18:37, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Quality (disambiguation)


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Farmer School of Business

The Farmer School of Business (FSB) is the business school at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, offering on-campus undergraduate and graduate programs, as well as online graduate programs. The school and the Department of Accountancy are accredited by AACSB International. The FSB places an emphasis on experiential learning, international study and leadership development to prepare students to become leaders in the workplace and the community.

History
The building originally used for the School of Business, Laws Hall, was located across the street on Oxford's campus. Although Laws was the official home, not all departments in the school were ever housed in the same building until the opening of the Farmer School. With the growth of the program and a need for more space and better facilities to distinguish itself, Farmer began the transition into creating the new Farmer School of Business.

Departments
The Farmer School of Business is home to seven departments: Accountancy, Economics, Entrepreneurship, Finance, Human Capital Management & Leadership, Information Systems and Analytics, Marketing, and Supply Chain & Operations Management, offering 11 majors and 13 minors between them.

Graduate programs
The Farmer School offers seven master's programs, including two that can be completed simultaneously with undergraduate degrees.

Centers
The Farmer School houses several centers:

Center for Supply Chain Excellence
The Center for Supply Chain Excellence works with the Supply Chain and Operations Management program.

Center for KickGlass Change
The Center for KickGlass Change is an interdisciplinary center working to increase cultural intelligence and provide societal change programming to Miami University students.

Center for L.I.F.E.
L.I.F.E. (Leading the Integration of Faith and Entrepreneurship) was established at Miami University in 2018, led by the John W. Altman Institute for Entrepreneurship’s Center for Social Entrepreneurship.

Center for Real Estate Finance and Investment
A new center at the Farmer School focused on real estate and the finance and investment opportunities involved in it.

Construction
The building took 30 months to complete and was finished ahead of schedule and under budget. On December 10, 2004, the university's board of trustees voted unanimously to approve the site of the building on High Street, where Reid Hall (residence) was located until its demolition in 2006. Eleven different sites were considered for the home of the business school, including Bishop Woods. A 4,500 person petition was signed and kept the building from being placed over the top of one of the university's oldest and most protected woodlands, which is located rather central to the academic buildings on campus. The building was dedicated at 2 p.m. on November 7, 2009, in a ceremony outside the building.

Financial Contributions
University Financial Reports from the years 2006 and 2007 mention the planning for the Farmer School of Business as a package that included several other construction endeavors put into place by the university. In February 2007, the university issued $83.2 million in general receipt bonds, which were put not only toward the Farmer School but also the renovation of several other residence halls and buildings on the Oxford Campus, as well as the construction of the university's Voice of America campus in West Chester, Ohio. In the 2006 university report, $6.7 million was granted through the Love and Honor alumni group from a 1969 graduate, William Mayhall, to support the Farmer School of Business.

The Farmer Website states that 80% of the building's financial backing was through donors and individual or corporate contributions, most notably from Richard T. Farmer, founder of Cintas Corporation. The combined total of all contributions from private donors reached $50 million.

Building Aspects
At 210,000 square feet, the building contains 12 case classrooms, 8 “cluster” rooms, 3 “standard” rooms (one with capabilities to be used as a mock trial room), 3 seminar rooms, 1 trading room, 1 small auditorium (150 persons), 1 large auditorium (500 persons), and 4 teaching labs. There are also 136 faculty offices to house all six Oxford departments. In addition to these rooms and offices, there are also three major centers in the Farmer building. The Thomas C. Page Center for Entrepreneurial Studies, Armstrong Interactive, and Center for Business Excellence are all located in the 800 E. High building.

Also a major part of the building is the student commons, which is located on the main level. This area is a place for congregation and meetings among students with power outlets and seating and tables. There are also 13 break-out rooms which can be reserved by students or classes. Student organizations also share a suite in the building. The Forsythe Library and Technology Center is located on the main level near the Taylor Auditorium, which is used as a quiet library-like setting for individual study and printing and tech services.

The building also has a dining services location, Dividend$. A café-like location, Dividend$ offers students take-out food for breakfast and lunch during the week. The location serves a la carte items through the university's culinary center as well as four major divisions.

The Farmer School of business was designed by Robert A.M. Stern Architects of New York City and Moody Nolan of Columbus. In order to keep with the university's, the building was built with red brick and copulas. It was the first building of the Oxford campus to receive a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED) certification.

Rankings
In the 2021 Poets & Quants Ranking of Undergraduate Business Programs, the Farmer School ranked 39th among all U.S. undergraduate business schools and 17th among public universities.

title: Farmer School of Business


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Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Nick Boulevard

In order to remain listed at Requests for comment, at least two people need to show that they tried to resolve a dispute with this user and have failed. This must involve the same dispute, not different disputes. The persons complaining must provide evidence of their efforts, and each of them must certify it by signing this page with ~. If this does not happen within 48 hours of the creation of this dispute page (which was: 20:43, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)), the page will be deleted. The current date and time is:, 29 July 2024 (UTC).

 * (Nick Boulevard | talk | contributions)

Statement of the dispute
This is a complaint about User:Nick Boulevard for issues including POV, personal attacks, and persistent copyright violation.

Description
This dispute concerns the conduct of User:Nick Boulevard, who has had a Wikipedia account since May 2004, alongside pre-existing anonymous access. He exclusively edits articles about Birmingham and (often tenuously) related subjects, where he has been a major initiator of editing conflicts.

Many of his Birmingham-related contributions are, or contain, flagrant copyright violations, and none are sourced. He engages in frequent revert wars, refusing to allow others to change 'his' pages without his prior agreement, and referring to edits he dislikes as "vandalism". He often reverts to remove corrections - and some necessary deletions - on grounds of fact, spelling, grammar and POV bias (Birmingham is currently protected, in large part because of his behaviour).

He has engaged in repeated abuse of other users, and has repeatedly claimed that several of them are sockpuppets of User:Pigsonthewing (Andy Mabbett).

A repeated specific area of conflict is neutrality. He would like Wikipedia to promote an exclusively positive view of Birmingham. This means that what other editors view as edits toward NPOV, he views as reflecting a bias against, even hatred of, Birmingham. His user page in May 2004  stated that there should be one "guardian" of each city page, a role which he seems to want to fulfil in relation to the Birmingham page.

He continues to use anonymous access, claiming to often be "too busy" to log in, and to be using a computer which won't allow him to remain logged in. This results in many of his edits appearing under various IP addresses in the range 195.92.67.* - for instance, 195.92.67.65. (These are automatically assigned by one of the UK's largest dialup access providers; occasionally others have used the same addresses to edit the same pages).

Copyvio
Many of the copyright violations have been reported and removed - Telecommunication in Birmingham, Chinatown, Birmingham, Valor Company Ltd, William Bown, Jewellery Quarter, Halfords, Calthorpe Motor Company Ltd., GW Hands Motor Company, Music Wire (English), Imperial Wire Gage & British Standard Gage, Perry Motor Company Ltd..

Their removal by copyvio administrators is evidence that they were significant undiluted violations rather than mixed with original material or "copying and posting a few short sentences". Some are still in existence. In May 2004 NB admitted making copyright violations when he first started, but note the recent dates of these (many of those listed above were also from earlier this year).
 * Gun Quarter from (Feb 2005 creation)
 * Birmingham military history (see copyvio version) from, and  (Feb 2005 creation)
 * Joseph Henry Hughes from (Mar 2005 creation)
 * GEC - addition of material from (Mar 2005)
 * Midland Red - The copyvio in question was added  00:13, 19 April 2004 by [|User:80.225.165.24] from a Tiscali IP address in the same block as [|User:80.225.165.2], which Nick admits to having used two days previously to create Spencer Davis Group. He used [|User:80.225.160.32] from the same block in May 2004:  and  and signed another edit  from the same block on 19 April 2005. See also Talk:Midland Red. The full Tiscali range is 80.225.88.0 – 80.225.232.255.
 * Spencer Davis Group -, again April 2004. Nick admits on his home page that he was the originator of this article.
 * Velocette (80.225.165.6 19 April 2004) - original article and
 * Alexander Parkes (User:Nick Boulevard 17 December 2004) - early version of article and

Revert wars - see history of Birmingham, Brummie, Brummagem, Science and invention in Birmingham.
 * Gun Quarter/Temp - revert to restore a second block of copyvio material which was clearly flagged at the time of deletion and on the talk page.
 * Arts in Birmingham - revert to restore factual inaccuracies which other editors had clearly explained.
 * Science and Invention in Birmingham - restoration of material previously the subject of dispute and revert wars, and thoroughly debunked on talk page.
 * User:Pigsonthewing - Persistent alteration of another user's page, against that user's wishes.

Abuse
Attempts to discuss matters rationally, personal abuse:
 * Talk:Birmingham/archive6 - Andy Mabbett is "snake like" and "officially spying on me to delete my contributions" (after most of the copyright violations listed above were reported). Elsewhere on the talk page, Mabbett and other users are described as "pathetic creature", "extremely arrogant and ignorant", "snake like" (again), "sneaky and destructive" (for removing copyvio material), "snide".
 * Talk:Thomas Ridgway - "condescending idiot" (in response to User:Raygirvan's attempt to explain, as a detailed example, why the article was edited for NPOV and removal of peacock terms); also initial comment which is simply abuse aimed at User:Pigsonthewing.
 * Brummie and again - comments on reversion (removal of a hybrid RP English speaker, on linguistic grounds, from a list of characteristic examples of the Brummie regional accent is ascribed to "Andy hates Brum being shown in a positive light").
 * Talk:Brummagem - a topic contentious for NB because of the term's factual history as a negative allusion to Birmingham. Plenty of attempts to reason calmly with NB, resulting in accusations of arrogance, ignorance, bad faith, megalomania, psychopathy, sockpuppetry.
 * Talk:Brummie - again, plenty of attempts to reason calmly, met with accusations of bad faith and ignorance; a rejection of NPOV ("I feel EXTREMELY passionate that if an article about Brummie and the accent should exist it is represented in a positive light"); refusal to permit mention of published academic research reporting a negative perception of the Brummie regional accent; a statement that could be read as a veiled threat to delete other users' work elsewhere (see Talk:Brummie); insistence that personal experience of accents of friends and family is evidence suitable for inclusion in a linguistic account; and further abuse.
 * Accusations of stalking over discussions of IP address. (For the record, this topic was discussed a) in relation to suspicions, unproven so not included in the complaint, that the variable IP address assignment was being exploited to sidestep the three-reverts rule; b) to assess the feasibility of a block by IP address should this option be raised in future RayGirvan 02:36, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)).
 * Abuse here:.
 * Further accusations of sockpuppetry:
 * Sockpuppetry accusations, conspiracy theories, claims of "ownership" of an article, claims that removal of copyright violation is "unfair", abuse of an administrator for removal of copyright violation:
 * Further abuse:
 * And more abuse (July 2005):

Applicable policies
All four of Policies_and_guidelines (Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, avoid bias, don't infringe copyrights, respect other contributors).
 * What Wikipedia is not (and especially Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox)
 * NPOV
 * No personal attacks

Guidelines:
 * Revert
 * Assume good faith
 * Cite sources
 * Stay on topic
 * Accountability
 * Verifiability
 * Avoid peacock terms

Evidence of trying and failing to resolve the dispute

 * See the Talk pages Talk:Birmingham, Talk:Brummie, and Talk:Brummagem.
 * Mediation attempted by User:Andrew Norman over Brummie (see Talk:Brummie). No serious attempt made by NB to engage in the process (which he describes as "an attempt to force me into mediation" in Talk:Birmingham).
 * Advice from the Admin Angela to read the NPOV tutorial, "Following that might help to avoid some of the criticism you've been receiving" and accompanying advice on copyright (assuming good faith and simple misunderstanding) by RayGirvan. No response to the former; to the latter, the response "I actually understand copyright better than you may ever imagine, I am definately pro Birmingham but in an honest way IMO" and a diatribe including repetition of the suggestion that all NB's critics are the same person: I can tell this from his dedication at editing many mainly Brum topics in a... Andy Mabbet way, which is uncanny to an anonymous user and pigs on the wing and Andy Norman and Ray Girvan.
 * User talk:Nick Boulevard/Archive 1 - advice by G-Man and RayGirvan on Wikipedia principles. Apparently accepted (but with repetition of claim that "Andy Mabbett has a history of craftily deleting (not just editing) my work to suit himself, he always adds a negative slant also which if anything seems to severely un-balance the article"). However, NB then continued reversion in Arts in Birmingham (see history) of material factually debunked in Talk:Arts_in_Birmingham by reference to original sources.

Users certifying the basis for this dispute
(sign with ~ )
 * Brumburger 20:43, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * RayGirvan 20:57, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Andy Mabbett 21:26, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Other users who endorse this summary
(sign with ~ )
 * Joolz 15:48, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC) I'm not disputing the accurarcy of this summary, but I've chosen to endorse an outside view which more accurately reflects my current feelings -- Joolz 29 June 2005 23:18 (UTC)
 * I think I stumbled across this dispute when I joined Wikipedia, at the tail end of 2004; I was looking at Slade, and I wandered to the page about Birmingham. I definitely remember the least sympathetic half using the word 'Mabbett' a lot. Reminds me of the "I am LOOOSING my PATIENTS" person, if anyone else recalls him. The impression I get is that Mr Boulevard means well, but is... limited, to put it diplomatically.-Ashley Pomeroy 10:39, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This is long, long overdue. I suspect I am not the only one to give up and take pages like Brummie and Brummagem off my watchlist because of the total deadlock and endless fruitless discussion. Just when it appears someone is getting somewhere with Nick he goes and makes edits like this. Apparently unable to grasp the concept of NPOV. A major obstacle to producing good encyclopedic content relating to Birmingham. — Trilobite (Talk) 20:02, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Response
This is a summary written by the user whose conduct is disputed, or by other users who think that the dispute is unjustified and that the above summary is biased or incomplete.

Firstly:

When to use RFC

RFC is appropriate when you want other wikipedians to visit the page, to allow a consensus or a better quality of decision, to help resolve a dispute or break a deadlock.

Before adding an entry here:

'''Whatever the nature of the dispute, the first resort should always be to discuss the problem with the other user. Try to resolve the dispute on your own first.''' For disputes over user conduct, before requesting community comment, at least two people should have contacted the user on their talk page, or the talk pages involved in the dispute, and failed to resolve the problem. '''Don't forget to follow Wikiquette. Wikiquette is more important in resolving a dispute, not less.'''

I do not recall being approached by any of the accusing users on my talk page with an attempt to resolve any disputes at all, infact all comments from the accusers have so far been quite condesending on article pages. I only stumbled across a page in preperation for this by chance, that IMO is extremely underhanded.

I believe that Andy Mabbett could be BrumBurger or associated with him at least, Andy Mabbett has stalked my every move on wikipedia since I first visited and now he Brumburger and RayGirvan have discussed openly their detailed efforts to trace my IP address which in my opinion is a little more serious than other things discussed on this page, it is a type of obssesive behaviour and I do not welcome the attention.

 * FYI, Nick B. seems to have used all the IPs in the range 195.92.67.65 - 78, plus 195.92.67.208 - 209. comment by Andy Mabbett.

 * The difficulty being, then, that the address block (195.92.67.0 - 195.92.67.255) is the Energis UK backbone. I don't know how specific the sub-blocks get, but some of my edits before I signed up came out as 195.92.67.70, and I'm logging on via Wanadoo from Devon. comment made by RayGirvan

 * I'd noticed that, and assumed it was Wanadoo (the numbers show up as the Planet Online webcache when you look them up, Planet being the ancestor of Freeserve and Wanadoo). comment made by Bumburgler.

Andy Mabbett has a history of editing (no problem) but also deleting my work, his personal vendetta has sometimes wound me up which is why I become irritated, he has been blocked for ignoring warnings on his talk page, he is in constant dispute on his talk page whereas I actually get on with most people here, albeit thinly at times, I am reasonable provided I am approached in a respectful manner and in Andy and Rays case, lets just say that they rub me up the wrong way and I have never used profein or threatening language in my annoyance at their many reverts and deletions. By listing some of my articles as copyright they have actually lost much of my original material and I think that they know that only too well.

Basically the fact that this page exists at all is quite ridiculous and a waste of your time Andy, Ray whoever you all may be, you should hope that I do not find the time and patience to make a page like this about you, maybe that is the difference, I just don't hold this kind of malice you seem to let fester :) Nick Boulevard 21:51, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Isn't it interesting that the first three characters to sign Brumburgers page are the three people who I have suspected to being the same person, how strange, no link there then. Nick Boulevard 21:55, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

An example of Brumburger dedicating his time here to watching me, nearly every article he has edited there has been related to me: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=Brumburger

An example of Andy Mabbett reverting my work and dedicating his time to "edit" me out of existance: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=Pigsonthewing

People cannot understand why he does this but I just can't be bothered to explain anymore. See last post on this page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Pigsonthewing thats the second time I've tried to create an article on Jewellery Quarter but Andy doesn't like it.

To be honest I am fast losing interest in Wikipedia at this moment in time.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Nick Boulevard 21:51, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Outside view by Carnildo
This is a summary written by users not directly involved with the dispute but who would like to add an outside view of the dispute.

Looks hopeless to me. Judging by Nick Boulevard's response, he's unwilling to admit that he's made mistakes. In that case, the best option for this RfC is to use it to organize evidence for an arbitration request.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Carnildo 19:27, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Outside view by TheoClarke
Nick's behaviour has been regrettable. Unfortunately, so has that of some of his accusers. Nick has a POV, which he was pushing hard. That appears to have moderated lately and some of his harshness is a response to harsh treatment, which in turn seems to spring from frustration at his intransigence. I deduce that Nick is opinionated, passionate, too quick to take offense, and aggressive in defence. He is, however, learning and adopting more appropriate behaviour—albeit inconsistently and slowly. The problem with co-ordinated and well-prepared RFCs of this nature is that the subject can feel bullied. This is not conducive to resolution. All four participants agreeing to treat the others with care and respect would be a good start, however, and we are already seeing some rapprochement between Nick and Ray. I am aware that this opinion delivered solely through text may appear condescending; it is not intended that way.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Theo (Talk) 09:27, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Joolz 29 June 2005 23:17 (UTC)

Outside view by User:Leonig Mig
I think the core underlying issues at stake in this RfC are co-operation and civility, and I would hesitate to suggest it is only Nick at fault.

Nick seems to have been a little over zealous in submitting work which turns out to have been copyrighted, but now seems to have accepted the community consensus that this can be damaging so this issue should be dropped.

Rather, the meat of this seems to be a personal vendetta between him and User:Pigsonthewing. I have conflicted with POTW myself and find he is skilled at subtle transmission of abuse and resentful feelings (User talk:Nick Boulevard).

I would argue that both are at fault, but POTW is more artful, so often Nick is painted as the solely guilty party. By no means do I blame POTW in totality - but it takes two to tango - so to speak.

More recently I have noticed less of the problematic behaviour from both users. I think POTW and Nick have both reflected on the issues this conflict has raised and have become better wikipedians for it.

At least that is what I hope.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):

 * 1) Leonig Mig 10:25, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Theo (Talk) 21:47, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Nick Boulevard
 * 4) G-Man 18:57, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Note
Leonig Mig, the author of the above comment, has since admitted "Regards Andy Mabbett (User:Pigsonthewing), well, perhaps I should come clean. My edits against his are done purely for the purpose of stalking him." . Andy Mabbett 09:37, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

According to Leonig Mig, this statement has been taken out of context. Please read the cited diff to see that context. —Theo (Talk) 00:22, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Outside view by Denni ☯
My involvement with Nick Boulevard has been limited to the articles Jewellery Quarter and Dip pen. I initially contributed a stub to hold a place for the Jewellery Quarter article after some copyvio material was removed. Shortly thereafter, Nick Boulevard added substantially to the article, including a great deal of information on pen manufacture in the same area. I edited this material out and merged it with dip pen. Throughout the entire process, Nick was willing to listen to arguments, did not attempt to revert or sabotage my edits, and was colleagual in his actions. In fact, the only instance in which I felt a little hostility was in an edit summary comment by Pigsonthewing to the effect that I had ought to read the "panel", when in fact I already had. It may well be that Nick Boulevard has demonstrated less than admirable behavior in this series of actions, but after reading Pigsonthewing's user talk, it is apparent that this is another person who has issues with civillity and cannot always play well with others. In short, there is plenty of room for pointing fingers here, and they should not all be aimed at Nick. Denni ☯ 20:30, 2005 July 10 (UTC)

Outside view
This is a summary written by users not directly involved with the dispute but who would like to add an outside view of the dispute.

{Add summary here, but you must use the endorsement section below to sign. Users who edit or endorse this summary should not edit the other summaries.}

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):

Discussion
All signed comments and talk not related to a vote or endorsement, should be directed to this page's discussion page.

comment to Carnildo moved from above - should it be moved to Talk page?

Earlier discussion
For earlier discussion, see /archive001

Update 22 June 2005
Further problems here: Talk:Arts in Birmingham. POV obstruction of edits about UK musical history. RayGirvan 23:31, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Please explain these problems further... I have not touched the article and I am in discussion with users trying to reach a compromise to the intro to the brum popular music section (what a crime), I have not used abuse or copyright vio... what is it now then Ray??? annoyed that I am not deleted or do you actually have something worthwile to complain about? obviously not, the more you actually side with Pigs on the wing... strange behaviour in favour of an user that has previously been banned for his "edits" here, not that I am counting, where is brumburger lately?

There seems to be a disturbing pattern of behaviour and edits (time wise and article wise) from three users in wikipedia. Nick Boulevard 23:55, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I am in discussion with users trying to reach a compromise No you're not: you're arguing the toss (yet again) about a generally-agreed statement, simply because it doesn't fit your view that the sun shines out of Birmingham's collective arse.

 * Please don't play the persecution card. You were caught in disruptive conduct (the whole point of the RfC) so naturally observation focuses on you. RayGirvan 00:15, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * 1. I haven't touched the article, merely discussed it :)

 * 2. Nick Boulevard is poison to Birmingham-related articles ~ would you like to point out which brum related articles you created Ray, I notice you copy edited my gun quarter history article, also the article you are discussing about popular music in brum was written and researched by me... I would love to see you prove otherwise, I have saved my edits in plain text right from the word go, infact maybe that is something I could do to show you just how much I have "poisoned" Birmingham articles, you say that you are not a sock puppet... prove it. Nick Boulevard 00:38, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Please take a look at the last comment on this discussion page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arts_in_Birmingham bearing in mind that I have bitten my tongue and played by the rules since this RFC, PLEASE CAN I HAVE MY SAY NOW, actually I will wait and see what happens. :) Nick Boulevard 00:49, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll repeat it here. It's a caricature of the problem that led to this RfC, and which you are continuing in Talk:Arts_in_Birmingham.

 * NB: Whats even more annoying is that I have now lost my last reply to Theo...

 * RG: I don't care if it incites your gormless rage. This discussion is entirely about long-standing issues. It riles you that Birmingham isn't as iconic as somewhere else, so we get the usual w*nk along the lines of Birmingham music being iconic because your sister's aunt knew someone whose cat was vaccinated by a vet who liked Slade.

 * The poison comment is about your general behaviour that led to this RfC. As to your paranoid-sounding comments about sock puppets, admins can check that out; you're utterly wrong, and I've no problem in confirming my identity. But for starters, see here and here. Like someone's going to produce long-standing websites, predating participation in Wikipedia for years, just to spite you. RayGirvan 03:34, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

OK, chaps, let's break it up! Nick: Your accusations appear paranoid. These guys are watching your edits because of your past behaviour. It is clear that they are not sockpuppets and your accusations are offensive to editors who believe that they are acting in good faith. Please stop making such accusations. Ray: I understand your anger but stop using abusive language. The exerpt that you cite here is abusive and goading. You are a professional writer so I know that you are skilled in your use of language. Please moderate your tone in these discussions.—Theo (Talk) 07:12, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with Theo. However, I'm slightly disturbed that once again, Nick is claiming "ownership" of articles (or at the very least a special relationship) because he started or contributed to them (see above).  He is also still having problems with the concept of NPOV (and bogging down article talk pages with a lot of irrelevant discussion, often concentrating on personal motivation rather than article content, because of this).  Much of what he contributes needs quite drastic copyediting on grounds of style, spelling and grammar, relevance to the subject of the article, bias, and (last but not least) factual accuracy.  That's why it may appear to him that he's being "jumped on" a lot of the time and having work "deleted".  Andy and Ray don't alter my contributions (much), and vice-versa, because by and large they don't need to be altered - and when they do, I can almost always appreciate why they have done what they did.  Ray has spent a lot of time explaining to Nick how he could raise the standard of his contributions, and it seems to be slowly sinking in.  I hope that improvement continues.  --Brumburger 14:25, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I am actually laughing out loud at Ray and Brumburgers comments here, I am sure Ray is a professional something, now I see he thinks I am pig-thick on Theo's talk page, well maybe that's your perception Ray and you are entitled to it. I do find it quite strange that seeing as I apologized some time ago on Rays talk page for initially thinking he may have been connected in some way to Andy Mabbett, he still seems to blindly rant about my paranoia of him and Andy being one and the same, since my apology on the 13th of June when have I ever accused you (Ray) of being Andy Mabbett, I still think that maybe Brumburger and Andy could be the same (although I don't really care) and I would suggest you and Andy have many traits in common but in all honesty you cannot tell me that you didn't read my appology on your talk page? So why become so frustrated and angry accusing me of being paranoid, I would suggest it is the other way round now and you seem to have become obsessed with thinking I am paranoid, how very bizarre. Anyway Ray, here it is again incase you did actually miss my apology first time around:

 * Thank you, by the way I apologise for being so pig-headed and overbearing in recent weeks, I am also sorry for assuming you were Andy Mabbett although I still thank that Brumburger and Andy are one and the same. 195.92.67.209 19:56, 13 Jun 2005(UTC)
 * P.S. the above post is a perfect example of me logging in as Nick Boulevard and then when I click to another page my p.c. loggs me out without me knowing and then when I go to save there is a diff IP address. Nick Boulevard 19:59, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC) Nick Boulevard 17:56, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Anyway I'm still here despite all that you think of me, and however much you would like me gone it's not going to happen, and with regards to Brumburger, my spelling is quite fine thanks, grammar is poor but my articles can't be that bad as many have morphed into very well edited pages here, you see silly little comments like that would only bother me if they were actually true, I am extremely pleased with the content and research that has remained and I can assure you that this RFC has definately made me stronger on wikipedia, many thanks, Andy, Ray, Brumburger etc. :) Nick Boulevard 17:56, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * my spelling is quite fine thanks - read the last line on your own user page. And, indeed, your last sentence above.  As Theo says, stop making accusations of sockpuppetry - I am quite prepared to go for arbitration if that's what it takes to stop this nonsense.  --Brumburger 18:08, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I actually write rather fast Brumburegr and I rarely check my words before I save page, probably my spelling could do with a little fine tuning, who cares... not me :) and I think you missed this bit matey: "I still think that maybe Brumburger and Andy could be the same (although I don't really care)..." as in I really, really couldn't give a monkeys if you are or are not all the same, let me rephrase... In my opinion Andy Mabbett, Brumburger and Ray Girvan all seem to have similar copy editing qualities on wikipedia, is that better, don't get you pants in a little twist now, I won't acuse you of being pigs on wing again, it's quite boring in fact, the end! Nick Boulevard 18:27, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The 'last line' as just ben removed. . Andy Mabbett 19:28, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * since my apology on the 13th of June when have I ever accused you (Ray) of being Andy Mabbett. Yesterday. Andy Mabbett 18:31, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Not that I want to get involved here but I'm pretty much 100% certain that RayGirvan != POTW. Leonig Mig 19:47, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Chiling Out
Hi Andy Mabbett, please can you explain why you have just blatantly deleted most of the article I just created early this evening about chilling out, take a look at my last edit then Pigs edit "Chill out music" came about from the phrase "just chilling out", this is why you need to explain a near total removal of an article I have just created? Nick Boulevard 21:39, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * After a second look I see that you have taken half the article I wrote and then added Chill out music to a new article with your name as the starting author, fine, whatever you want. Nick Boulevard 21:43, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Untrue. It was shifted to a new location, retaining your material and attribution - Chill out (music) - reflecting its relation to existing usages of Chill out that you failed to check when you created the article. RayGirvan 00:06, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Ray, I don't like to point out the obvious here but why are you talking on behalf of Andy Mabbett? Nick Boulevard 23:29, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Allegations of sock-puppetry
Regarding the sockpuppet thing, I can sort of see why Nick is suspicious. I too find it rather odd that Brumburger and RayGirvan suddenly appeared within days of Andy Mabbet returning, and now seem to be acting as a team. However I dont believe that they are the same people, although they could possibly know each other and are working together. It all seems to be too convenient to be a coincidence. Now I'm not neccesarily saying that this is the case, and I'm sure that you'll all deny this, but I can understand why Nick is suspicious. G-Man 21:56, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, don't buy into that stupidity. Nick is suspicious because he can't grasp that others are working on shared principles. You saw the web addresses above. Someone's going to put up long-standing websites of entirely different styles and topical interests, just to conspire aginst Nick Boulevard? The only connection is that we share an interest in Birmingham, the same general level of literacy, and the same commitment to Wikipedia guidelines. Of course this has led to a degree of cooperation - just as Nick has sought out support from, well, Leonig Mig, Angela, Rbrwr, Fastfission and G-Man. We all do, so let's not get into criticism of alliances. RayGirvan 00:47, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Personally I think *Brumberger* *may* (i.e. it's possible) be POTW, however critical to this assessment is the humourous value of the phrase "sock-puppet" and especially (this made me LOL) the phrase "accusations of sock-puppetry". In all seriousness this is pure drama and is below all of us. The bottom line is that Theo is admin and he has asked people to stop. Nick stop posting Copy Vio & POV, POTW- Stop stalking him!! Leonig Mig 00:57, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The bottom line is that Theo is admin. So he ought to be upholding Wikipedia's stated principles, not telling us to be lenient toward a Wikipedia tumour like Boulevard. RayGirvan 02:18, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ''I like the way you liken me to a tumour ray (in whatever nasty little context you are trying to put over), when you say tumour it brings to mind my friend who died last friday after a short three month battle after being diagnosed with a brain tumour. At the moment I think you are making a bit of an idiot of yourself really, where is all your spite coming from Ray, this is afterall an online encyclopedia not a place to take out your hatred on the world. And regards your telling me about you being a "professional journalist", and so you know what you are talking about attidude, who do you write for?... Sunday Sport springs to mind. Nick Boulevard 18:38, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You may find the phrase "sock puppet" hilarious, but it's actually a serious allegation (and, as I'm now getting tired of repeating, untrue - Andy, Ray and myself are three distinct individuals). Theo has made no accusations of stalking, he has (inappropriately, in my view) asked Andy, Ray and me to ignore Nick's continued appalling behaviour.  --Brumburger 09:09, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * What does a "sock puppet" look like? Isn't it something that people push their hands up and pretend its talking, like Zippy or Sooty... Nick Boulevard 18:38, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually I just took a look at G-mans "sockpuppet thing" link and I must admit it tickled me, love the image. Nick Boulevard 23:35, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Cease personal attacks
Ray & Nick: Cease your personal attacks on each other. I asked each of the four of you to refrain from responding to attacks precisely because of this kind of escalation. This has gone on long enough. You are all poisoning the atmosphere and hindering enhancemenet of the encyclopedia. I have tried being gentle/lenient with each of you. Take this as a warning that your continuing conflict is disrupting Wikipedia and moving you closer to arbitration.—Theo (Talk) 00:27, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry Theo, the tumour comment touched a raw nerve but Ray wasn't to know that obviously. I do not come here to bicker, and so my final stage of this RFC is to actually try and get on with Ray, Andy and Brumburger, I have taken the first step... lets see what happens. Nick Boulevard 17:24, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for that apology. I think it would also be appropriate for you to apologise to Ray and retract your Sunday Sport jab, just in case Ray decides to return and so gets to read it. I further suggest that it would be a good idea for each of you to take a break from editing those articles that have become your battlegrounds or that are on related topics. Tempers are way too high here and avoiding the catalysts would allow desirable cooling. For clarity: this is my personal opinion; I make no assertion. [And do not make an apology if it is conditional or includes a reassertion of hostility or criticism.] —Theo (Talk) 17:39, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Theo, I am one step ahead of you there, I have apologised to all three, so far only Brumburger has responded but I am not going to grovel, I am sure that Ray will be back and if he reads this, sorry for accusing you of writing for the Sunday Sport newspaper, and regards your "do not make an apology if it is conditional" I try but sometimes lapse, it is a useful tool in everyday life. Thanks for the reminder. Nick Boulevard 18:08, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)

The Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed) (Комуністична партія України (оновлена), KPU(o)) was a political party in Ukraine, formed in November 2000 following a split from the Communist Party of Ukraine (KPU). KPU(o) was led by Mykhaylo Savenko, previously a member of Parliament of the pro-president Kuchma Labour Ukraine. On 30 September 2015, the District Administrative Court in Kyiv banned the party.

History
The party was formed in November 2000 as a split from the Communist Party of Ukraine (KPU). The first party leader was Mykhaylo Savenko. Savenko had been a Member of Parliament supporting President Leonid Kuchma in Labour Ukraine.

The KPU claimed that the formation of the KPU(o) was instigated by the political establishment to take votes from the KPU. In the 2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election, the party won 1.4% of the popular vote and no seats although only six other parties had spent more on their election campaign. In the 2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election, the party garnered only 0.29% of the popular vote. The party did not participate to the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election and the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election.

In May 2015, decommunization in Ukraine came into effect in Ukraine, banning communist symbols, singing the Soviet national anthem or "The Internationale". Because of these laws, the Ukrainian Interior Ministry stripped the party of its right to participate in elections on 24 July 2015. The party did not challenge this ban and was thus on 30 September 2015 terminated by the District Administrative Court in Kyiv.

title: Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)


text: Category:Literary societies

title: Category:Literary societies


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Stade Yves-du-Manoir

The Stade Yves-du-Manoir (officially Stade olympique Yves-du-Manoir, also known as the Stade olympique de Colombes, or simply Colombes to the locals) is a rugby, track and association football stadium in Colombes, near Paris, France.

History
Named in memory of French rugby player Yves du Manoir in 1928, it was the main stadium for the 1924 Summer Olympics and had a capacity of 45,000 at the time. During the 1924 games, it hosted the athletics, some of the cycling, some of the horse riding, gymnastics, tennis, some of the football, rugby, and two of the modern pentathlon events (running, fencing).

It was later expanded to a capacity of over 60,000. Colombes was also the venue for the 1938 World Cup Final between Italy and Hungary, and also hosted the home team's two matches in the tournament.

Colombes hosted a number of French Cup finals and home games of the national football and national rugby union teams into the 1970s. It remained the nation's largest capacity stadium until the renovated Parc des Princes was inaugurated in 1972. The Colombes' capacity had dropped to under 50,000 due to increasingly stringent safety regulations. The last games of the national rugby union and football teams at Colombes were respectively in 1972 and 1975. France professional football team RC Paris used Colombes as their home ground until about 1985, then moved on to other stadia before coming back in the 2010s. Unlike RC Paris, Racing 92 rugby did not leave Colombes until November 2017. They originally planned to redevelop Yves-du-Manoir into a stadium to be shared with Racing Club de France Football, but instead built Paris La Défense Arena in nearby Nanterre, playing their first match in the new venue in December 2017. It remains to be seen whether the Racing Club de France football club will move as well.

It is slated to be a field hockey venue for the 2024 Summer Olympics.

1938 FIFA World Cup
Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir hosted three games of the 1938 FIFA World Cup, including the final.

In popular culture
The Olympic races involving Harold Abrahams and Eric Liddell which are portrayed in the film Chariots of Fire were run here, although the Colombes stadium was not used for the film. The stand-in stadium for filming was the Oval Sports Centre, Bebington, Merseyside, near Liverpool, England.

The stadium was portrayed in the 1981 film Escape to Victory starring Sylvester Stallone and Michael Caine, but the stand-stadium used in the filming was the Hidegkuti Nándor Stadion (1947) in Budapest, Hungary.

title: Stade Yves-du-Manoir


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Whirl-Mart

Whirl-Mart is a culture jamming tactic aimed at retail establishments, typically superstores.

Whirl-Mart consists of a group of "Whirl-Marters" who congregate at a large superstore (usually a Walmart, Asda, or Sainsbury's) and slowly push empty shopping carts silently through store aisles. Participants will not purchase anything and seek to form a lengthy chain of non-shoppers, continually weaving and "whirling" through a maze of store aisles for up to an hour at a time. Participants describe their actions as "a collective reclamation of space that is otherwise only used for buying and selling". Whirl-Marters seek to mimic and mock what they perceive as the absurdity of the shopping process.

Origins
The activity was founded by the group "Breathing Planet Troupe" at a Walmart store in Troy, New York on April 1, 2001. The group was seeking to respond to an article from Adbusters magazine that called for foolish activities in conjunction with April Fool's Day. Since then, Whirl-Mart activities have spread to many other countries, such as Canada and the United Kingdom.

Tactics
In addition to the act's satirical and comedic value, Whirl-Mart provides a legal, non-confrontational outlet for would-be protesters to address consumerism and materialism. Whirl-Marters do not aim to block store aisles or interfere with legitimate shoppers, and typically will not speak unless addressed. Their aim is to basically create a silent, non-violent protest or mockery of consumerism. Participants are typically non-confrontational, seeking to make themselves silent examples rather than active propagandists.

One variation of the Whirl-Mart protest involves filling carts but either simply abandoning them or, while checking out, either returning everything or claiming to have forgotten the money to purchase the items in the cart, leaving the full cart for the employees to clean up. However, this is usually not preferred, as this tends to affect regular employees, not the store's management. This also implies the Whirl-Marter was a regular shopper who would have purchased those items anyway, decreasing the effectiveness of the tactic.

Whirl-Marters are often very loosely organized, describing themselves as open to anyone wishing to participate.

Confrontations
Whirl-Marters, when confronted by security or store management, typically do not admit to being protestors, generally replying in a tongue-in-cheek manner that may subtly attack consumerism or the store itself. Alternatively, they may pretend they are regular shoppers who are "still looking for something to buy" after spending up to an hour wandering aimlessly through a superstore.

Whirl-Marters claim they can talk their way out of being removed from the store (though the involvement of law enforcement officials in removing Whirl-Marters is not unheard of). When confronted, Whirl-Mart participants may sometimes scatter to various store aisles, forcing management or security to confront them individually. Participants will very rarely admit to or even address commercialism, materialism, or any other reason they are actually there. Whirl-Marters often wear an identifying outfit, typically consisting of plain, featureless clothing or clothing with ideological slogans or symbols. Some Whirl-Marters may wear hoodies and face masks to hide their identities, though this tends to attract the attention of employees.

Some Whirl-Marters have attempted to document their activities with video cameras or phones. Stores typically do not permit recordings (aside from their own security cameras), so recordings of these instances are often seized by store authorities, if they are even recorded at all.

title: Whirl-Mart


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Atlantic Terminal

The Atlantic Terminal (formerly Flatbush Avenue) is the westernmost commuter rail terminal  on the Long Island Rail Road's (LIRR) Atlantic Branch, located at Flatbush Avenue and Atlantic Avenue in Downtown Brooklyn, New York City. It is the primary terminal for the West Hempstead Branch, and a peak-hour terminal for some trains on the Hempstead Branch, Far Rockaway Branch, and the Babylon Branch; most other service is provided by frequent shuttles to Jamaica station. The terminal is located in the City Terminal Zone, the LIRR's Zone 1, and thus part of the CityTicket program.

19th century
The station was originally named Brooklyn in 1852, twenty years after the line was established as the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad, and was not originally a terminus. The original terminus was South Ferry, via the now shuttered Cobble Hill Tunnel. When LIRR subsidiary New York and Jamaica Railroad built a new line between Hunter's Point and Jamaica in 1861, the main line was relocated there, and the line was abandoned west of East New York, in compliance with Brooklyn's ban on steam railroads. West of East New York, the tracks were taken over by horse car lines.

The Brooklyn station designation was replaced by the Flatbush Avenue station on July 2, 1877. That same summer local Atlantic Avenue rapid transit trains began to stop there on August 13. The old depot was renovated between July–August 1878, when it began serving the Brooklyn, Flatbush and Coney Island Railroad. It was rebuilt again in June 1880. The headquarters for the Long Island Express Company was installed there in 1882, and gave the station a series of tracks that would later be known as the "EX Yard." In 1888, the Union Elevated Railway built an elevated railway line and station that connected to the LIRR station called the Atlantic Avenue station. The Union Elevated eventually became part of the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation. Further rebuilding took place again in 1893.

20th century
Between 1904 and 1906, the Carlton Avenue Freight Yards were replaced by the Vanderbilt Avenue Freight Yards. This was just a portion of a major improvement project that included the complete reconstruction of the station. The second depot opened on April 1, 1907, with the depot at street level and the tracks installed underground. The station had a lobby that was larger than most LIRR stations, and contained subway type entrances to the tracks. It also served as a post office building until 1925, and contained a baggage depot, express buildings, some meat houses which were inherited from the previous version of the station, and a merchandise terminal for "less than carload freight" added on in 1908. The Interborough Rapid Transit Company built a subway line called the Eastern Parkway Line and a station on Atlantic Avenue, that connected to the station on May 1, 1908. The BMT also built two more subway lines on Pacific Street along the Fourth Avenue Line on June 22, 1915, and Atlantic Avenue along the Brighton Line on August 1, 1920. The connection to the BMT Fifth Avenue Line was lost on May 31, 1940.

The station was refurbished and the exterior was sandblasted in the early 1940s. The decline of rail service after World War II led to the station's gradual demise, however. Track #1 was out of service on April 10, 1959. Former express tracks numbers 9–14 ("EX" Yard) were taken out of service on March 3, 1971. At some point, the express buildings became a parking garage. Local businesses were still allowed to utilize the station, such as a barber shop, restaurants, candy stores, a snack bar, a podiatrist's office, a dental office, a beauty school, and even a row of telephone booths. Those businesses were gone by 1978. The tracks that were originally numbered from south to north were renumbered from north to south on July 1, 1978. Despite efforts to repaint the lobby in the early-1980s, random vandalism plagued the station interior causing water damage that was so severe, the street level depot was closed in 1988, and portions were razed during the 1990s.

21st century
The MTA approved plans in March 1998 to renovate the Atlantic Avenue–Pacific Street subway station and the adjoining LIRR terminal, as well as build the Atlantic Terminal shopping mall above the station. Work on the stations' renovation began in 2000, and work on the shopping mall commenced the next year. On January 5, 2010, a new entry pavilion, designed by di Domenico + Partners, opened, providing improved connections between the LIRR, subways, and buses. In March 2010, the station was renamed Atlantic Terminal after a six-year reconstruction project, during which trains continued to operate.

In 2014, the LIRR announced that service from Babylon and Hicksville would go directly to Atlantic Terminal during New York Islanders games at Barclays Center. Passengers previously had to transfer at Jamaica to go to Babylon or Hicksville.

Since the opening of Grand Central Madison and the introduction of new schedules in February 2023, most service to Atlantic Terminal has been provided by a high-frequency shuttle service to and from Jamaica.

Accident
During the morning rush hour of January 4, 2017, a train overran the bumper block at the end of track 6, injuring 103, none seriously. There were 650 passengers on the train, which had originated from Far Rockaway. The accident occurred at about 8:20 a.m. Two cars of the six-car M7 electric multiple unit train involved were severely damaged when it collided with the bumper at a speed of 10 to 15 mph. The incident was compared to a September 2016 train crash at Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken, New Jersey, wherein a train also overran a bumper block.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and Federal Railway Administration opened investigations into the accident. On February 6, 2018, the NTSB released their Railroad Safety Brief on the accident. They determined the probable cause to be the engineer falling asleep due to chronic fatigue. The chronic fatigue was in part attributed to undiagnosed sleep apnea.

Station layout
The LIRR terminal, one floor below the ground level, has three high-level island platforms adjacent to six tracks. Platform A is ten cars long, but the two easternmost cars on Track 1 are not accessible due to a large gap between the train and the platform. Platform B is eight cars long. Platform C is six cars long, but Track 6 only has enough space for four cars to meet the platform as it is adjacent to the northbound local platform of the IRT Eastern Parkway Line.

Subway and bus connections
Atlantic Terminal is connected to the New York City Subway's Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center complex, which is served by the. Buses serving outside the complex include B41, B45, B63, B65, B67, and B103.

Nearby points of interest
The rail terminal is adjacent to and below the Atlantic Terminal mall and near the Barclays Center, Brooklyn Academy of Music and the Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower, as well as Brooklyn Technical High School.

The massive Pacific Park residential, commercial and sports complex, which includes Barclays Center, is being built near the station and above its yard tracks.

title: Atlantic Terminal


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John Berry (Royal Navy officer)

Rear admiral Sir John Berry (c. 1636 – 14 February 1689 or 1690) was an English officer of the Royal Navy.

Origins and early years
John Berry was born at Knowstone, in the English county of Devon. He was the second of seven sons of Daniel Berry, the vicar of Knowstone cum Molland by his wife Elizabeth Moore, daughter of Sir John Moore of Moor Hayes, Devon. Daniel Berry held the benefice, which he had inherited from his own father, but had been deprived of his position during the English Civil War.

The Berry family was established during the reign of Edward I of England. The family name was derived from their manor of Nerbert or Narbor (modern Berrynarbor) near the Devon coast.

The Civil War saw the family's finances ruined, as Daniel Berry had been committed to the Royalist cause. After his father's death in 1652, John Berry and his elder brother joined the merchant service.

Commands

 * Swallow (7 October.1665 to 6 February 1665/66)
 * Guinea (16 August to 1 November 1666)
 * Coronation (1667)
 * Pearl (11 November 1668 to 12 January 1670)
 * Nonsuch (13 January 1670 to 10 July 1671)
 * Dover (1 September 1671 to 8 April 1672)
 * Resolution;(11 April 1672 to 3 April 1674) First Battle of Schooneveld (28 May 1673)
 * Swallow (9 March 1674/5 to 28 April 1675)
 * Bristol (28 April 1675 to 7 January 1677/78)
 * Dreadnought (7 January 1677/78 to 21 August 1679)
 * Leopard (28 January 1679/80 to 20 April 1681)
 * Gloucester (8.April 1682 to 6.May 1682)
 * Henrietta (15 June 1682 to 18 April 1684)
 * Elizabeth (1688 to 1689) Battle of Bantry Bay (1 May 1689)

Early career
By 1663 Berry had joined the Royal Navy as the boatswain of the ketch HMS Swallow, which was operating in the West Indies. When the captain of Swallow was promoted in 1665, Berry succeeded him, gaining his first command on 17 Sept. 1665. Upon his return to England in 1666. George Monck, the Duke of Albemarle gave him commissions for the Little Mary in February, and HMS Guinea on 16 August, a command he retained until 1 November. In the summer of 1666 he had overall responsibility for the smaller vessels attending the fleet.

Nevis (1667)
The Dutch and the French were threatening English possessions in the West Indies, and the island of Nevis seemed next to fall. In April 1667, Berry, in the Coronation, a 56-gun hired man-of-war, arrived at Barbados from England. Merchant ships were bought and adapted for service, and 10 vessels and a fireship were made ready. Berry was given overall command of the squadron by the governor of Barbados, Lord Willoughby. The French and Dutch possibly collected 20 men-of-war and other vessels at Saint Kitts.

Berry blockaded the allied fleet as they were preparing to themselves attack the English, and on 20 May 1667 the French and the Dutch were defeated in an engagement that lasted for many hours. He successfully forced them to retreat, the French departing for Martinique, and the Dutch for Virginia. The English victory at the Battle of Nevis enabled the Royal Navy to regain Antigua and Montserrat.

Newfoundland
In 1675, Berry was captain of the annual Newfoundland convoy. The permanent settlers there had been ordered to remove themselves to other colonies in America or be forcibly removed to England. As captain of the annual convoy, Berry was the representative of royal authority in the island and it was his duty to inform the settlers of this decision. Berry reported that the colonists were being unjustly treated. His attempts to present their case in a favourable light and his views ultimately resulted in the settlers becoming permanently established on the island, and British policy being reversed.

Virginia (1677)
Berry took HMS Bristol to the Mediterranean in 1675–1676, taking her to Virginia in January 1677 to deal with Bacon's Rebellion. The rebels had already been dealt with, and Berry instead became involved in the aftermath of the rebellion, dealing with disputes that had arisen between the leaders in Virginia.

Tangier
By 1680 Charles II had threatened to give up Tangier, which costly for parliament to maintain and difficult to defend, as in order to protect the town and harbour from attack, the perimeter had to be increased. A number of outworks were built, but a siege in 1680 showed that they could be successfully overcome. In 1683, Charles gave Admiral Lord Dartmouth secret orders to abandon Tangier. Dartmouth was to level the fortifications, destroy the harbour, and evacuate the troops. That August, Dartmouth sailed from Plymouth. The forts and walls were mined, and on 5 February 1684, Tangier was evacuated, leaving the town in ruins.

In 1683, after Berry was appointed to command HMS Henrietta, a 50-gun third rate Speaker-class frigate frigate, he became the vice-admiral of the fleet sent to the Mediterranean to evacuate the garrison and destroy the harbour and defensive works.

Sinking of HMS Gloucester (1682)
In April 1682, HMS Gloucester was due to be deployed, along with five other ships, to Tangier via Ireland, when Berry was appointed to command the ship, and was assigned to transport the Duke of York (the future King James II of England) and his party from Sheerness to Leith. James intended to settle his affairs as Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland, and collect his pregnant wife Mary of Modena (along with his daughter Anne from his previous marriage), before returning from Edinburgh to London and taking up residence at his brother Charles’s court.

Gloucester, together with the Ruby, Happy Return, Lark, Dartmouth and Pearl, and the royal yachts Mary, Katherine, Charlotte and Kitchen, convened on 3 May. The fleet left the Kent coast the following day, watched by Charles and members of the royal court. Bad weather forced the Gloucester to moor up during the first night. As a signal for the fleet to drop anchor, she fired a gun, but three ships, misinterpreting the signal, sailed out to sea, and never re-joined the fleet. On the second evening, a dispute arose between James, several officers, and the ship's pilot, about the correct course to take. James settled the matter when he decided upon a middle course. On the night of 5/6 May 1682, Gloucester struck the Leman and Ower sandbank at low tide, about 45 km off Great Yarmouth. Less than an hour later, she sank.

Partly through Berry's efforts and determination to stay with his ship until the end, the ship's boats were lowered down, enabling the Duke of York and some of his courtiers and advisors to reach the safety of the other ships. Boats managed to rescue more people, and many were saved, but between 130 and 250 sailors and passengers lost their lives.<ref name="Roy" / Berry wrote a detailed account of the disaster soon afterwards.

Other posts
Berry was from 1684 on service as a Navy commissioner. He was governor of Deal Castle from June 1674, and became a commissioner for Virginia in 1677.

Glorious Revolution
In 1688, after the defection of Lord Dartmouth, Berry commanded the fleet deployed against William of Orange when he moved against the Stuart king, James II.

Marriage
Berry married Rebecca Ventris of Granhams, Great Shelford, Cambridgeshire, as identified from the arms of Ventris shown on her monument in a church in Stepney. She may have been a sister of Sir Peyton Ventris, the eldest surviving son of the barrister Edward Ventris. The marriage was without progeny.

Final years
Berry was placed in command at Sheerness Dockyard over the winter of 1688–1689, but ill health had forced him to retire by 1689.

Berry died at Portsmouth on 14 February 1690, and was buried at St Dunstan's, Stepney. He commissioned his own mural monument for the church, at a cost of £150. The inscription, in Latin, is translated as: "Lest thou should not know, O reader, the famed Sir John Berry of Devon, with dignity of a knight, not just ruler of the sea (as well know too the Barbaries) having gained from King and Country well-deserved great glory on account of matters happily conducted, satiated with the glory of fame, after many victories brought home, as with others, was not able to defeat the Fates. He died 14 February 1689, was baptised 7 January 1635"''

The monument survives, but no longer the pristine white of Prince's description but covered with a yellowish-brown patina. No trace survives of the arms described by Prince. His will, dated 2 February 1688, mentions his wife Rebecca, who married 10 months after Berry's death.

title: John Berry (Royal Navy officer)


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Robert Legget

Robert Ferguson Legget (September 29, 1904 – April 17, 1994) was a civil engineer, historian and non-fiction writer. He is internationally known for his contributions to engineering, geology and building research and standardization. He is credited with the establishment of co-operation amongst Canadian geotechnical engineers, geologists and pedologists.

Life
Legget was born in Liverpool, England, to Donald Thompson Legget and his wife Mary, both of whom were of Scottish descent. He was educated at the Merchant Taylors' Boys' School, Crosby. He studied Civil Engineering and obtained a BEng (Hons) in 1925, and MEng 1927, from the University of Liverpool. He was initially employed as an engineer on the Lochaber Water Power Scheme in Scotland. He then emigrated to Canada in 1929, working for the Power Corporation of Canada.

In 1936, he began teaching at Queen's University and the University of Toronto. He left teaching in 1947 to establish and serve as director of the National Research Council of Canada's new Division of Building Research. He held this position until he retired in 1969. Part of his legacy there was to establish a National Building Code that was respected throughout all of Canada, as opposed to the multitude of inconsistent local codes that were prevalent in 1947.

Around 1945, after World War II, Legget shaped the Environmental Conservation movement in Ontario by spearheading the Guelph Conference, the Ganaraska Study and the Conservation Authorities Act of Ontario (1946). He also was a founder, in 1962, of the Canadian Permafrost Conferences.

He was the founding President of the Canadian Academy of Engineering.

Between 1959 and 1960, Legget was the chairman of the Engineering Geology Division of the Geological Society of America (GSA). He served as GSA president in 1966.

In 1971 he received an honorary doctorate (DEng) from the University of Liverpool. In 1977 he received the Sir John Kennedy Medal.

After he retired, Dr. Legget wrote many books on the history of transportation in Canada including Ottawa Waterway: Gateway to A Continent, Rideau Waterway, Canals of Canada, The Seaway, and others, and he was a contributor to the Dictionary of Canadian Biography.

Legget died in Ottawa at the age of 89. His wife, Mary Free, had died in 1984. They had one son.

Philanthropy
The Legget Endowment Fund is used by the Conservation Foundation on an annual basis for otherwise-unfunded current needs in the Rideau Valley.

Publications

 * Editor of Soils in Canada
 * General editor of the Canadian Building Series, published by University of Toronto Press
 * "The Region and the City." in Planning Canadian Towns and Cities (University of Toronto, Extension Department, 1944, vol. 2)
 * Rideau Waterway (1955), (revised 1972) – history of the Rideau Canal
 * Ottawa Waterway, Gateway to a Continent (1975)
 * Canals of Canada (1975)
 * Glacial Till (1976)
 * Handbook of Geology in Civil Engineering (1983) with P.F. Karrow
 * Railways of Canada(1973)

Honours, awards and legacy

 * Recognized by 13 honorary degrees including;
 * 1963, an honorary Doctorate of Science by the University of Waterloo
 * 1969, an honorary Doctorate of Science by the University of Western Ontario
 * 1971, an honorary Doctorate of Engineering by the University of Liverpool
 * 1972, an honorary Doctorate of Science by Concordia University
 * Honours
 * made an honorary member of the American Underground Construction Association
 * received the Royal Bank Award
 * made an Honorary Life Member of the Rideau Valley Conservation Authority
 * the Canadian Geotechnical Society awards the R.F. Legget Medal as its highest honour
 * 1967, invested as an Officer of the Order of Canada
 * 1988, elected to the National Academy of Engineering
 * 1989, promoted to Companion of the Order of Canada
 * Awards
 * 1972, awarded the Logan Medal by the Geological Association of Canada
 * 1974, awarded the Claire P. Holdredge Award by Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists
 * 1977, awarded the William Smith Medal by the Geological Society of London
 * Archives

title: Robert Legget