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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kevin Drum

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. — Xezbeth 12:15, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

Kevin Drum
Keep it
 * Comment I think this explains our plethora of new user voters. Oh, love the blog, keep up the good work. - Jersyko  talk  03:45, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete suspecting spam 70.19.111.5 04:49, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - I was going to vote delete, but he does get 617,000 google hits, and they are mostly relevant. And he has a magazine column. I'm thinking its more of a question of if it can be expanded beyond a stub. I'd rather not vote...yet. -- Phroziac (talk) 04:56, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete There's no room for bloggers in Wikipedia. --Bloghate 05:07, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Seems to be a reasonably notable blogger now with a column. Capitalistroadster 05:17, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable columnist/blogger, though I think describing Drum as "level-headed" is POV. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  05:19, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * The large number of new users coming out of the woodwork to vote keep on this is tempting me to change my vote. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  02:27, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep A well-known figure in his field, and there are hundreds of other (less notable) bloggers with entries. StuTheSheep 05:22, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - High-profile and noted political blogger. --FCYTravis 06:21, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Besides his notable amount of traffic as a blogger, his column in the Washington Monthly is certainly notable. An influential political commentator. The entry needs expansion, not deletion. --ElfWord 07:21, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. VfD vandalism by IP address 70.19.111.5 who is working hand in glove with User:Bloghate.   —RaD Man (talk) 08:15, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep notable magazine columnist. Mgm|(talk) 09:59, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain please expand article to establish notability, at present it doesn't. Radiant_ >|< 10:56, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand, even though he dissed wikis the other day. Eliot 14:04, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete since he is not "level-headed" 6/15/05 — (Unsigned comment by 66.251.101.34; user's 2nd edit.)
 * Keep Because he is eminently "level-headed". [User:Stephen Abbot] 6/15/05 — (Improperly signed comment actually by 66.141.48.58; user's 1st edit.)
 * Keep Because less important bloggers also have Wikipedia articles. Anomalocaris 15 Jun 2005 — (Anomalocaris's 2nd edit.)
 * Keep He is generally thought of as "level-headed", or "reasonable", though this tends to annoy those on the far right and left. He also almost single-handedly helped reintroduce the Bush National Guard story. MadCowan 6/15/05 — (Madcowan's 27th edit.)
 * Keep NSR 21:57, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep David Sneek 22:00, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Since he is a well-known and influential blogger, as well as a writer for Washington Monthly. User:Robert S. 18:17 EST 6/15/05 — (Improperly signed comment actually by 162.111.235.16; user's 10th edit.)
 * Keep Worthy of page. User:adb 18:22 EST 6/15/05 — (Improperly signed comment actually by 63.89.227.125; user's 1st edit.)
 * Keep I agree with User:Robert S.. -- Zantastik talk  22:51, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Drum's role in contemporary US political discourse warrants an entry. --Copperboom 23:55, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC) — (Copperboom's 21st edit.)
 * Keep - Absolutely no reason not to. — (Unsigned comment by 24.161.87.236; user's 5th edit.)
 * Keep He's definitely notable. And that fact that someone with the username "bloghate" is favor of deletion just adds to my support. Pentegamer 23:55, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Noted commentator. "He's a Lippman, not a Winchell!" democracys 00:01, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC) — (Democracys's 3rd edit.)
 * Keep He's without question notable. Bloggers will be part of the future so we might as well face it now. And catblogging is a contribution for the ages. Austinmayor 00:16, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC) — (Austinmayor's 1st edit.)
 * Keep He is a good writer, and I suspect he will be heard of more and more in the future as his blog gains readership. — (Unsigned comment by 68.102.249.181; user's 1st edit.)
 * Keep He is an influential and level-headed figure in the blogworld. — (Unsigned comment by 67.173.254.215; user's 1st edit.)
 * Strong Keep Drum is a writer for the Washington Monthly, the fact that he also has a blog is not relevant, quite frankly. The "he's just a blogger" argument doesn't hold up.  Even if he was "just a blogger," he's certainly one of the most well known. - Jersyko  talk  02:47, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep An important centrist blogger in a time of polarization. Must Keep!
 * Keep but verify I usually disagree with everything he and (especially) his commentors say, but I suggest keeping. However, I also suggest making sure that the article reflects his POV. For instance, when others have said he's only moderately liberal, he's clarified that he is indeed quite liberal. While he does throw out red meat occasionally, at least he's not quite as bad as Atrios. LonewackoDotCom 20:45, Jun 15, 2005 (PST)
 * Keep. Well-known, widely read, widely linked blogger and commentator, and the inventor of "catblogging" --Calton | Talk 04:06, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC) — (User's 3,755th edit.)
 * Keep. Well known and for a prominent magazine. Fuzheado | Talk 04:28, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. 1. Provides largely original analysis/commentary/catblogging rather just than simply linking to news sources; 2. Comes up third in a google search for "drum" (above, among others, Pearl Drums).
 * Keep. An early and influential blogger, one who provides original information and analysis, not just links to the day's news.  One of the few bloggers to have become a professional pundit and to have had articles published in major newspapers.
 * Keep despite sockpuppet activity. Notable blogger and more notable than a number of other bloggers we have articles on. Gamaliel 05:07, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Definitely one of the more noteable, widely read and respected bloggers out there. If he is deleted from here, many other blogger's entries need to be removed as well.
 * Comment let's not give anyone ideas, shall we? This article is going to be kept, Drum-ites, no need to fret ;) - Jersyko  talk  14:56, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, for the various reasons given above. BTW I'm the person (as an anon) who put in the "level-headed" description.  I had been considering taking it out anyway, since Drum has gotten more worked-up lately.  The part I wrote about the statistical/graphical analysis still definitely holds true, though.   Wasted Time R 18:16, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: User talk:172.136.60.211

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:172.136.60.211


text:
Fall on Your Knees

Fall on Your Knees is a 1996 novel by Canadian playwright, actor and novelist Ann-Marie MacDonald. The novel takes place in late 19th and early 20th centuries and chronicles four generations of the complex Piper Family. It is a story of "inescapable family bonds, terrible secrets, and of miracles." Beginning in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia through the battlefields of World War I and ending in New York City, the troubled Piper sisters depend on one another for survival.

The book was featured by Oprah's Book Club in 2002. As of 2014, it has been published in 23 territories and translated into 19 languages.

Plot summary
At the start of the 20th century, James Piper sets out across Cape Breton Island to find a place to live. Working as a piano tuner, he meets and eventually elopes with 13-year-old Materia Mahmoud, much to the anger of her wealthy, traditional Lebanese parents. Materia gives birth to their first daughter, Kathleen, and James subsequently becomes disgusted with his wife, realizing that he actually married "a child." Materia regrets marrying James, and does not take to her newborn child. James, however, ignores and neglects Materia while spoiling and smothering Kathleen. Materia is taken in by the kind neighbor Mrs. Luvovitz, who teaches her to sew and cook. She grows to hate James and their daughter Kathleen.

Materia senses danger in James' obsession with their daughter and sees it as her duty to keep him distracted and occupied (especially in the bedroom). James eventually impregnates Materia three more times in quick succession. She gives birth to three girls, Mercedes, Frances and Lily, but Lily dies a crib death shortly after. She is from here on in the novel referred to as "Other Lily". The novel then explores the girls' relationship with their troubled father; their secretive, silent mother; and friendships that grow between them as they try to figure out their family's strange and mysterious history. As Kathleen grows older, she is perceived by her schoolmates as snobby, and they turn against her. Her father James is her only friend, and when he travels off to war, Kathleen is crushed.

Kathleen befriends her younger sisters, and James returns from war a shadow of his former self, but still feels an attraction to his eldest daughter. He sends her to New York City to train with a highly-regarded voice instructor and to fulfill her dream of becoming an opera singer at the Metropolitan Opera House. During her absence, James receives a letter from an "Anonymous Well-Wisher" suggesting that Kathleen may have gotten into trouble in New York. He brings her home where it becomes apparent that she is pregnant. Kathleen spends her pregnancy hidden in her family home, and dies giving birth to twins, a boy and a girl. Frances believes the babies must be baptized, and attempts to do so in the creek behind the house the night of their birth. James catches her, and believes she is trying to drown them. He drags her away and the male twin, named Ambrose by Frances, is accidentally left to drown in the creek. The female twin, Lily, contracts polio from the contaminated water in the creek, but survives the disease. Mercedes, Frances and Lily are all raised to believe Materia is Lily's mother. Materia dies and the remaining Piper sisters come to depend on one another for survival.

Frances, beaten and all-but-disowned by her father, causes trouble in school, eventually getting herself expelled, despite Mercedes' best efforts to keep her in check. Frances finds solace in her dolls, matinee movies, her late mother's old hope chest, and her darling younger sister Lily. Frances eventually runs away and ends up in her Lebanese uncle's pub as entertainment and a pint-sized whore. She discovers her long-lost grandfather's house, and then becomes obsessed with his African maid, Teresa. She stalks and seduces Teresa's brother, Leo, and becomes impregnated by him. She dreams of becoming a mother to a black child, but her son, Aloysius, is pronounced dead at birth and she becomes depressed. After this trauma, Frances and her father slowly reconcile and she even becomes something akin to a confessor for him before he dies years later.

Lily, crippled by the polio she contracted, wears a leather brace. She loves Frances the most of everyone. Lily believes everything Frances tells her, and so believes Ambrose is her guardian angel, and often wishes for him to protect Frances after she left the house.

Mercedes spends her time praying, taking care of the family and working hard at school. She flirts with the idea of a romance with the son of Mrs. Luvovitz, but drags her feet because his Jewish ancestry conflicts with her growing religious devotion and sense of propriety. James, who has become a moonshiner as his primary income source, suffers a severe stroke and Mercedes is slowly consumed by her role as care-taker in the family, becoming severe and controlling as she gives up on any life for herself outside of this role. This culminates in her deception involving Frances' illegitimate mixed-race child: who was in fact given up for adoption by his disapproving aunt. As Frances and their father grow closer in his old age, Mercedes resents their bond, feeling left out and snubbed after all the sacrifices she has made for her family.

Kathleen's diary and old dress is sent home by her caretaker in New York, and after Frances reads it, sends it with Lily to New York, to find Kathleen's lover. As Lily reads through the pages of the diary, we learn of Kathleen's vocal lessons, her instructor she calls the Kaiser, and her illicit love affair with the female black piano accompanist, Rose Lacroix. The romance is a whirlwind, as both women fall madly in love with one another, going to jazz bars with Rose dressed as a man. James barges into Kathleen's apartment one day to find her in bed with Rose (whom he mistakes for a man). A furious attack on Rose leads to James' jealous rape of Kathleen, as his sexual desire for her finally overcomes him. This reveals Lily's true father. James eventually confesses everything to Frances, and soon after dies in his reading chair, peacefully. Frances finally reveals the family's darkest secrets to her sister Mercedes, who is firmly in denial. Frances dies as an elderly woman with the help of Mercedes, without ever knowing the actual fate of her child.

The novel ends in New York, as Lily makes her way to Rose's apartment. The two form a friendship and live together for many years, eventually visited by a young black man called Anthony, bearing a gift from Mercedes Piper. He delivers a drawing of a family tree, made by Mercedes, finally revealing all the incest, illegitimate children, crib deaths and affairs that make up the Piper family. Anthony is revealed to be Frances' long-lost son Aloysius, and Lily sits him down to tell him all about his mother.

Awards and honors
For Fall on Your Knees, MacDonald won the 1997 Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Book.

Also in 1997, the book won the Canadian Authors Association Award for Fiction.

It won the Canadian Booksellers Association's Libris Award (date of award unknown).

The novel was shortlisted for the Giller Prize in 1996.

It was selected for Oprah's Book Club in 2002 and was chosen for the Amnesty International Book Club for July/August 2014.

Adaptations
Nimble Productions purchased the rights to the work for a limited-series TV program in 2014.

Alisa Palmer and Hannah Moscovitch adapted Fall on Your Knees for the stage. This adaptation premiered in Toronto in January 2023 as a National Arts Centre, Vita Brevis Arts, Canadian Stage, Neptune Theatre, and Grand Theatre joint production. It is set to tour after the Toronto run.

title: Fall on Your Knees


text:
Talk:Roy Gardner (bank robber)

Alcatraz picture
What's the point of it? It's not even a picture of it from when he was around 75.153.231.20 09:18, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Bias
This article looks like it was written by the Roy Gardner fan club RealFerrari 13:47, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Lots of good information here, but it's a little ridiculous in its laudatory tone. "Most infamous," "most dangerous," "most celebrated," etc., etc., and the ambiguous phrase "a touchstone of his time" is used twice. The article also suffers from more than its share of run-on sentences. Harry Yelreh (talk) 03:49, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Seems to have been written for someone's school project on their hero.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Scosmo451 (talk • contribs) 22:44, 16 February 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Roy Gardner (bank robber)


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Natore District

Natore district is a district of Rajshahi Division located in northern Bangladesh. It borders the metropolitan city of Rajshahi and used to be a part of Rajshahi District.

History
Natore was the District Headquarters of Rajshahi from 1769 to 1825. Administrative Natore subdivision was established in 1825 under Rajshahi district, on the eve of the shifting of the headquarters.

During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, a battle was fought between the Pakistani army and the freedom fighters of Mukti Bahini on March 29. About 40 members of the Pakistani army including Major Aslam and Captain Ishaq were killed. On 5 May 1971 Pakistani Army killed 42 employees of North Bengal Sugar Mills (Lalpur) including the general manager of the mill, Lieutenant Anwarul Azim. They were killed near a pond in the mill campus. The pond is now known as Shaheed Sagar, and there is a memorial beside the pond.

Geography
Most parts of Natore district are plain land. Chalan Beel, the largest beel in Bangladesh, is a part of the district.

Natore District is 1900.05 km2. It is bordered by Naogaon and Bogra districts to the north, Pabna and Kushtia districts to the south, Pabna and Sirajganj districts to the east, and Rajshahi district to the west. The road distance from Natore to Dhaka is 220 kilometres. Lalpur is the lowest Average annual rainfall area of Bangladesh.

Etymology
In 1845, Natore Mahakuma was established. The Natore Municipality was established in 1869.

Economy
The economy of Natore is based on agriculture.

There are 2 sugar mills in Natore; North Bengal Sugar Mills Limited and Natore Sugar Mills Limited. They are the enterprises of the Bangladesh Sugar & Food Industries Corporation. Pran Agro Ltd., Ekdala, Natore Sadar (2005) is a private food manufacturing plant of Pran-RFL Group. Jamuna Distillery Limited (1995) is another private industry of Jamuna Group. The distillery produces industrial alcohol, and is situated near Natore Sugar Mills Limited.

Hats, bazaars and fairs
The total number of hats and bazaars are 152. There are 13 fairs. Tebaria Hat, (which is situated 3 km from Natore town) is a traditional hat which sits every Sunday. Tebaria is one of the biggest hats of Natore and Bangladesh.

Demographics
According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Natore District had 501,957 households and a population of 1,859,921, 22.4% of whom lived in urban areas. The population density was 979 people per km2. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 71.4%, compared to the national average of 74.7%.

Muslims make up 93.22% of the population, while Hindus are 6.08% of the population. The Muslim population has constantly increased, while the Hindu population has generally decreased. The ethnic population is 11,912, mainly Santals and Oraons.

Upazilas
Natore was the district headquarters of Rajshahi from 1769–1825. At the eve of that replacement, Natore was declared as a Subdivision. That event made Natore the first Subdivision of Bangladesh. Natore was established as a district in 1984. There are seven upazilas in the district:
 * Bagatipara Upazila
 * Baraigram Upazila
 * Gurudaspur Upazila
 * Lalpur Upazila
 * Naldanga Upazila
 * Natore Sadar Upazila
 * Singra Upazila

Pourasavas
There are eight pourasavas in Natore district, 4 of them being the seat of upazilas (sub-districts). They are:
 * 1) Bagatipara (Bagatipara upazila)
 * 2) Bonpara (Baraigram upazila)
 * 3) Boraigram (Baraigram Upazila)
 * 4) Gurudaspur
 * 5) Lalpur Upazila
 * 6) Naldanga (Naldanga Upazila)
 * 7) Natore
 * 8) Singra

Natore town
The town has a population of 120,000; male population percentage is 51.57%, female population percentage is 48.43%. The density of population is 4,825. Chalkbuddhnath, Station bajar, Borgasa, Alaipur, Kanaikhali, Nichabazar, Lalbazar, Madrasamor, Bongojal are the most populated areas of Natore town. The mayor is Uma Choudhury.

Administration
The Deputy Commissioner is Mohammad Shamim Ahmed. The Superintendent of Police is Liton Kumar Shaha and the Administrator of Zila Porishod is Advocate Sajedur Rahman Khan Chowdhury.

Points of interest
Tourist attractions in Natore include Rani Bhabanir Rajbari, the palace of Rani Bhabani of Natore. It is a historical palace, situated in the Bongojol area nearby Natore zero (Madrasamore/old bus stand). There is a college and schools named after Rani Bhobani. Chalan Beel is a large natural wetland. During the monsoon, the area of the Bil increases and touches four upazilas (sub-districts) of the district. The picnic parties come to Cholon Bil every season.

Uttara Gonobhaban (formerly known as Dighapotia Rajbari) is the former residence of the kings of Natore. Today it is the official residence of the Prime Minister in North Bengal.

Notable persons

 * Rani Bhabani (1715–1802) was an independent Jamindar of Natore during 1748-1802 British India.
 * Maharaja Jagadindra Nath Roy Bahadur (1868–1925) known as the Maharaja of Natore was a noted Jamindar of Natore from Bengal. He is also noted for his contribution to the game of cricket in British India.
 * Jadunath Sarkar (1870–1958)
 * Sarat Kumar Rai (1876–1946)
 * Madar Bux (1907 – January 20, 1967) was a Bengali politician. He served in the northern city of Rajshahi
 * Ashraf Ali Khan Chowdhury - Bengali lawyer and politician
 * Taijul Islam Bangladeshi cricketer
 * Zunaid Ahmed Palak – MP
 * Farida Parveen, Bangladeshi folk singer
 * Shankar Gobind Chowdhury is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and the former Member of Parliament of Natore-2. He was the organizer of the Liberation War of Bangladesh.
 * M. M. Rahmatullah was a bureaucrat and politician. He was the former Chief Engineer of the Public Works Department and later the chairman of the Capital Development Authority of the Government of Bangladesh. In 2000, he was an electoral candidate from Natore Area for the Parliament of Bangladesh (village-Hulhulia).
 * Banalata Sen of Natore (fictional character)
 * Sultana Zaman

title: Natore District


text:
Talk:Maria (given name)

Song
А—Also a song from the musical Paint Your Wagon: "They call the wind Maria" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.216.169.9 (talk) 22:27, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

maria is afrikan? huh? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.176.14.100 (talk) 01:26, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

Moved latest addtion to Maria al-Qibtiyya
I have moved the contents of this addition to the talk page of Maria al-Qibtiyya and replaced it with a link to that article --AbsolutDan (talk) 13:01, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Maria von Trapp
I have removed the mention of Maria in The Sound of Music (which was under "Fictional Characters"), and added a sentence about Maria von Trapp in People>Given Name. As The Sound of Music is based on real life, it didn't seem right to have the the character listed as fictional.
 * - AveSummaThat 18:27, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Difficulty in editing
I can't see how to edit the typo in the 'References' section - daugther for daughter. I hope someone else can - and will MacAuslan 11:31, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Maria is a female given name
S. Maximilian Maria Kolbe, Klaus Maria Brandauer, Giovanni Maria Farina, … 78.34.20.64 (talk) 14:49, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

Mary and Maria confusion
On part of the article, it says that maria is the 7th most popular name for women of all ages in the US. Statistically speaking that is impossible, I am almost one hundred percent sure that the statistic refers to Mary, and I have also been unable to look at the source as the link is broken. I guess the two have similar origins, but I do not consider them to be the same name. If someone could look into that, that would be great. Alvesik (talk) 19:09, 24 December 2012 (UTC) Alvesik

 * Maria has become very common in the last twenty years, not to mention the high percentage of Hispanics who bear the name. Mary used to be one of the most common names for the longest time, but trends change and I believe Maria is a lot more common than Mary nowadays. Whomever mentioned the statistic could provide the source. Maalmor (talk) 07:51, 12 April 2022 (UTC)

aspects
There ought to be a section on Spanish naming for aspects of the Virgin – (María de los) Dolores, (María de) Guadalupe, (María del) Pilar and so on. —Tamfang (talk) 10:17, 17 February 2014 (UTC)

 * And a list article! —Tamfang (talk) 06:53, 16 August 2018 (UTC)

Royalty
There is a list of royalty where the heading keeps getting changed to "Nobility", which is not the same thing. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 11:52, 27 December 2015 (UTC)

Maria as last name
I can think of two people with Wikipedia entries who have the last name Maria: Tatjana Maria the German tennis player, and Angel di Maria, the Argentine footballer. There must be others also. Maybe this article should be renamed Maria (personal name), with a section on last names? Darorcilmir (talk) 11:35, 15 June 2019 (UTC)

Redundant links
"Besides Maria, Mother of Jesus (see Blessed Virgin Mary or Virgin Mary)" All three of those links go to the same page (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus), so what is the point of including the parenthetical "see" note? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.255.165.198 (talk) 16:52, 12 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Superfluous links removed.Darorcilmir (talk) 18:24, 12 March 2020 (UTC)

"feminine form of (…) Marius"
That would've been Μάρια, not Μαρία. Of course if there's analogical reformation involved, this is no argument against; but it could be mentioned. 89.171.39.202 (talk) 09:58, 9 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Maria (given name)


text:
Garry McDonald

Garry George McDonald AO (born 30 October 1948) is an Australian actor, satirist and comedian. In a career spanning five decades he has had many theatre, television and film roles, and has been listed as a National Living Treasure. He is best known as the seemingly naive celebrity interviewer Norman Gunston, through whom he pioneered the "ambush interviewer" technique since followed by many others. He received a Gold Logie award for the television Norman Gunston Show in which he developed the character. He is also famed for his role of the hapless Arthur Beare in the television sitcom Mother and Son. Appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in 2003 for service to the community in the mental health field and to the arts as an entertainer, he has also been a board member of the Australian mental health organisation Beyond Blue.

Early life
McDonald was born in Bondi, a beachside suburb of Sydney. He was educated at Cranbrook School. During his time at Cranbrook, McDonald developed an interest in acting and, despite family objections, went on to study at the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA), where he obtained a Diploma in Acting (misspelled "Actinig") in 1967.

Norman Gunston
It was while working on The Aunty Jack Show in 1973, that McDonald first performed the character for which he became best-known, the gauche and inept TV personality Norman Gunston. Gunston's first appearance was in a series of brief sketches which saw him reporting uncomfortably on a "sex-scandal drought" in Wollongong; a drought he eventually breaks by appearing naked on camera.

McDonald further developed the character in the Norman Gunston Show, for which he won a Gold Logie. Gunston's trademark look included a comb over, makeup to make his face deathbed white, and bits of tissue drying on shaving nicks. The series, which satirised many aspects of Australian culture and show business, was a mixture of live and pre-recorded interviews, awkward musical segments – excruciatingly sung by Gunston himself in the broadest "strine" accent – and continuing comedy sketches such as "Norman's Dreamtime" (in which Norman read stories to a group of children, such as "Why Underpants Ride Up").

Using Gunston's gormless personality as a cover to break down the defences of his "victims", McDonald pioneered the satirically provocative ’ambush interview’ technique which was used to great effect in interviews with Paul McCartney, Muhammad Ali, Keith Moon, Leif Garrett, Sally Struthers and Elton John.

As Norman Gunston, McDonald also had a recording career, releasing a string of satirical pop parody records. Gunston's Top 40 hits included his interpretation of the Tom Jones classic "Delilah", the punk rock send-up "I Might Be A Punk But I Love You, Baby" and "KISS Army", a parody of the KISS single "I Was Made For Loving You". He also appeared onstage with Frank Zappa & The Mothers of Invention at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney on 20 January 1976, playing harmonica on "The Torture Never Stops" - this performance was later released on the 2002 live album FZ:OZ.

Mother and Son
McDonald played Arthur Beare in the television series Mother and Son, starring alongside Ruth Cracknell over six seasons from 1984 until 1994. He won several Logie Awards for his role in the show.

Offspring
McDonald joined the cast of the drama series Offspring in 2012 (Season 3) and was a series regular. He played Doctor Philip Noonan.

Personal
Early in his career he met his wife, the actress Diane Craig, during a production of Let's Get A Divorce. They married in 1971 They have two grown children and live in Berry on the New South Wales south coast.

Suffering from both depression and anxiety, McDonald talks openly about his condition. He is an ambassador and former board director of Beyond Blue, an Australian national depression initiative. He also serves as patron of the New South Wales branch of the Anxiety Disorders Foundation of Australia. McDonald is quoted in the press discussing a link between his own anxiety and that of his grandfather and mother.

McDonald's condition first came to the public's attention when he reached a crisis point after a short-lived attempt to revive the Gunston character in 1993. Then again in 1997, McDonald suffered a severe episode during the launch of a new series, Rip Snorters. McDonald's condition also caused him to withdraw from the 2003 production of Patrick Marber's Howard Katz.

Awards and honours
In 2003, McDonald was appointed an officer of the Order of Australia for service to the community by raising awareness of mental health issues and the effects of anxiety disorders and depression on sufferers and carers, and to the arts as an entertainer.

His popularity among Australians is reflected his being listed, after public nomination and vote, as a National Living Treasure, someone who has made an outstanding contribution to Australian society in any field of human endeavour.

In 2015, he was a featured subject on the ABC documentary series Australian Story.

In 2020, he appeared on a stamp in the Australia Post Legends of Comedy series.

Mo Awards
The Australian Entertainment Mo Awards (commonly known informally as the Mo Awards), were annual Australian entertainment industry awards. They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia from 1975 to 2016. Garry McDonald won one award in that time. (wins only)
 * 2004
 * Garry McDonald
 * Male Actor of the Year
 * Won
 * Won

Art portraits
Two portraits of McDonald have won awards at the Archibald Prize. In 1999 a portrait by artist Deny Christian won the Packing Room Prize and, in 2006, Paul Jackson's All the world's a stage won the Peoples Choice Award. In 2016, yet another painting of McDonald was a finalist in the Archibald Prize by Kirsty Neilson entitled There's No Humour in Darkness.

title: Garry McDonald


text: User talk:172.159.147.172

title: User talk:172.159.147.172


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Singapore Police Force Crisis Negotiation Unit

The Crisis Negotiation Unit (CNU) is a specialist unit of the Singapore Police Force under the umbrella of the Special Operations Command. Its teams of specially trained police officers are called upon to defuse life-threatening situations through verbal crisis negotiation techniques for a non-violent resolution.

Officers from the CNU were deployed overseas for the first time to aid in the handling of victims' families and relatives as a result of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.


text: User talk:69.247.99.70

title: User talk:69.247.99.70


text: User talk:69.161.233.154

title: User talk:69.161.233.154


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Norman Geras

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. — Xezbeth 15:08, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

Norman Geras

 * Delete Sweet smell of vanity Bloghate 04:58, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Professor Emeritus of Government at Manchester University, which is all spelled out in the article. The fact that he's got a blog is secondary to his notability. This is just a hunch, but User:Bloghate might have some sort of agenda here. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  05:16, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and delist. Smell of socks.  User:Bloghate created today for the sole purpose of nominating articles for deletion.   —RaD Man (talk) 08:55, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Blog and authorship so this one passes the "average college professor" bar for notability. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:09, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Professor who has published works on Karl Marx and Normblog is a reasonably well known blog. Capitalistroadster 10:55, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Feature article on him in The Times in February 2005.
 * Keep. Published author and blogger. This is a disruptive VfD nomination. Rhobite 02:27, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I object to User:Bloghate's POV attempt to purge all blog related articles. -- Infrogmation 02:27, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:Tinea versicolor

Unreliable source for derogatory slang
Hello, I just thought it might be good to include in the article that the moniker "Haole rot" is considered by many to be deragatory, It would be good to include that bit so that those unaware won't offend people by saying it. Hfwd 05:01, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Still no verifiable reference. While I admit that a number of severe presentations of fungal skin infections, to the point of open raw lesions, are often referred to as "rot" with casually applied, but not specifically, modifying labels.   Jungle rot is probably the one best known in the States.

 * If it is necessary for such a topic to exist, it might be interesting to have a daughter article referring to the various damaging social aspects of various dermal fungal infections, including derogatory terminology, rather than dumping unverifiable terms sprinkled here and there. Kiwi 02:46, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Peter Elam's disease is not verifiable, never mind totally impossible
Previously, this article mentions that tinea versicolor is also known as Peter Elam's disease, because a traveler named Peter Elam supposedly swam in the Amazon river and got infected with the yeast. I could not find a reference outside of Wikipedia on this, and therefore deleted it.Hfwd 05:01, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Here it is, more than two years along and this "Peter Elam" fictional bit of nonsense appears again.  One "reference" at man-matters is only a copy of this wiki article downloaded at some point previous to June 14, 2005.  This is one of the most alarming aspects of Wiki -- that when someone reprints blatently false, misleading, and definitely not up to encyclopedian standards, that no one else is ever expected or required to check back in the future to see if anything has "changed" (tho that again could easily be the moment that it is still (or again) not anything worthy of being taken authoritatively.

 * The other "reference, that purported to be a professional sounding "organization", but a whois search reveals only the following.

Domain ID:D106085470-LROR Domain Name:SKINCARENET.ORG Created On:14-Apr-2005 19:56:42 UTC Last Updated On:18-Jul-2007 03:55:07 UTC Expiration Date:14-Apr-2008 19:56:42 UTC Sponsoring Registrar:eNom, Inc. (R39-LROR) Status:OK Registrant ID:9C73E87E97BA5B30 Registrant Name:Desi Matlock Registrant Organization:Theta Biz Registrant Street1:PO Box 40 Registrant City:Broadbent Registrant State/Province: Registrant Postal Code:97414 Registrant Country:US Registrant Phone:+93.5415720280 Registrant Email:rorimandi@hotmail.com Admin ID:9C73E87E97BA5B30 Admin Name:Desi Matlock Admin Organization:Theta Biz Admin Street1:PO Box 40 Admin City:Broadbent Admin State/Province: Admin Postal Code:97414 Admin Country:US Admin Phone:+93.5415720280 Admin Email:rorimandi@hotmail.com Tech ID:9C73E87E97BA5B30 Tech Name:Desi Matlock Tech Organization:Theta Biz Tech Street1:PO Box 40 Tech City:Broadbent Tech State/Province: Tech Postal Code:97414 Tech Country:US Tech Phone:+93.5415720280 Tech Email:rorimandi@hotmail.com

 * So I would suggest that "SkinCareNet.org" may not be a sterling source of anything. Any "illness" caused by a universally normal resident of the human epidermis can scarcely be claimed to have been "caught" by any one who one day swam in a river that had been used by possibly hundreds of thousands of humans prior to his solitary swim and who then was solitarily and exclusively responsible for its rapid spread through-out the entirety of humanity. :o)

Kiwi 02:46, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

UK Institue of Dermatology Treatment Protocol
Past telephone advice received from the St John's Institute of Dermatology (at St Thomas' Hospital) allowed me to construct a treatment protocol sheet. However given both that this is my construct and not endorsed by them, and the general policy of authors not referring to their own works in wikipedia, I am reticent about adding an external link to the guideline which is on my own website: http://www.Medik.Info/MI_Derm_PityriasisVesicolor.doc. So I seek the advice of other editors who may wish to add the link. David Ruben Talk 01:05, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

 * word document is not universal, maybe html would be better? Hfwd 03:54, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Agree with Hfwd. --Arcadian 12:44, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I'l get round to this sometime, I promise :-) David Ruben Talk 01:20, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

Pityriasis Versicolor versus Tinea Versicolor
I think that a mention to the below controversy about the difference between tinea and pityriasis versicolor should be mentioned within this article, even if many people believe that there is no difference. I got from a lecture today that there is in fact a difference in that tinea is more of a ring-worm-like versicolor. It should be noted somewhere in this entry. IsaacD (talk) 14:23, 7 August 2013 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

no consensus. --  tariq abjotu  21:10, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Suggestion to move to Pityriasis vesicolor
ICD9 clearly indicates that official international term is Pityriasis versicolor with alternative terms being "Infection by Malassezia [Pityrosporum] furfur, Tinea flava, Tinea versicolor". Should not the article be moved (drug names are as per WHO's INN) ? My nerve left me as I was about to BE BOLD, as I can appreciate Tinea versicolor as having some following. David Ruben Talk 01:20, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree with a move. It may be the "official" International term, but that term is very little recognized in the English Speaking countries (this IS En.Wiki). Additionally, a vast number of references in the lay press, in all types of medical-nursing tomes, and the labeling and advertising of hundreds of products all refer to Tinea Versicolor.  Better, I think, to have Pityriasis forward directly to this topic (a statement at the top of this topic page will indicate that a forwarding has occurred). This will help anyone who actually shows up and types the other term into the search box.   -I am Kiwi 02:26, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Comment - "nursing tomes, and the labeling and advertising of hundreds of products" is not the most reliable method of ensuring articles are correctly named (wikipedia has Acne vulgaris rather than acne, "spots" or "zits" - all of which are more frequently used in advertising products). In my 13years experience in UK General Practice, UK Dermatologists & GPs overwhelmingly use "pityriasis versicolor", and with most GP surgeries now going to paperless notes, the main computer systems all recognise "pityriasis versicolor" as the primary term (I'll try tomorrow to see if the most widely used system recognises at all Tinea versicolor as a synonym).
 * See British Association of Dermatologists' Patient Information and Leaflets: Pityriasis versicolor](PDF)
 * The American Academy of Dermatology in its A-Z listing of conditions has under "P" "Pityriasis versicolor : Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor is a...", so it is "recognized in the English Speaking countries".
 * As for wider usage, there is not a "vast" difference between the terms: PubMed and (Google) searches gave: Tinea versicolor=780 PubMed (196,000 Google) vs Pityriasis versicolor 465 (143,000).
 * I wonder if anyone knows the background to these 2 terms - where and when did each term originate, is there a US / UK difference in usage, or is it a more general English / rest of world difference ? David Ruben Talk 04:16, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

 * """THUMBS DOWN"""
 * Recommend for Redirection

 * Go to the grocery store or drugstore and read the labels of products that cure or treat the condition and you will find tinea. Indeed, the tinea portion of the name is used for all the the common fungal infections of the human skin. Including fungal infections of the scalp (dandruff is the symptom of this infection with pyrithione zinc -in Head & Shoulders- & selenium chloride -in Seldane- recommended for treatment.  These two chemical forumulations work because they are anti-fungals, and they also work on jock itch and the so-called ring worm.  Seldane is prescribed by dermatolists to treat all types of tinea fungal infections.

 * The Merck Manual for patients uses the term. Articles in the lay press use it, not Pityriasis.  As has been mentioned elsewhere on this website, Wikipedia is not a professional resource for professional specialists, but for the lay public needs.  As I said, what is appropriate is for the "proper medically recognized name" to have its own page that will forward to this topic page.   A nav box would best be served by having all the Tineas included, along with Dermatology, fungus infections and various other applicable linking topics.

 * It is appropriate and sufficient to, in the intro paragraph at the top of the page, to have a referenced explanation that the term is the correct medical terminology. It should include a definition of the word Pityriais.  This will serve the purpose of educating people.   Perhaps in fifty years, the grocery store shelves will be stocked with products labeled with the term, but I think Tinea will be with us for a long, long time. -I am Kiwi 05:35, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Agree wikipedia generally goes for the commonly used term, but not always on medical topics (Heart attack redirects to Myocardial infarction). Yes EMIS (probably UK's most widely used GP computer notes system) takes Tinea versicolor as a synonym. As for the UK's "lay public needs", look at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) public information service for health topics http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/conditions/ - tinea is not mentioned at all (which I admit surprised me). You are arguing over what promotional material (adverts and over-the-counter products) are available to you locally. Whilst I don't dispute the term you therefore may most commonly see, wikipedia has global reach, I think I've provided a broad enough range of sources to suggest that, at least in the UK, most doctors will use P.V., patients will be so advised, if they look it up at specialist UK website the term will be used and if they look on one of the UK's most used open websites the same will apply. Clearly your experience in US is for the other T.V. term. What would be nice is if other editors could now comment on what the situation is elsewehere (e.g. Canada, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, India etc). David Ruben Talk 13:29, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Rebuttal
Below, I will attemp to present consecutive sets of contrasting points, first of Pityriasis, then of Tinea.

 * First of all, the Wiki disambiguation page for the word Pityriasis - Pityriasis The list includes

 * fungal conditions
 * auto-immune conditions
 * unknown-origin conditions ...
 * and a BIRD - Pityriasis gymnocephala

Pityriasis - 34,100 mentions in various online dictionaries - definition -
 * Any of a number of VARIOUS skin diseases of humans AND ANIMALS,
 * characterized by epidermal shedding of flaky scales.
 * a descriptive SYMPTOM, not a causation
 * From the Greek, meaning "dandruff" - only one result from Bartleby.com

Tinea - 73,100 entries solely in online dictionaries '''Its meaning, CONSISTENTLY throughout, is A FUNGAL INFECTION OF THE SKIN. ''' - and 11 returns from Bartleby.com

Tinea, therefore, specifically refers to FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN and nothing else. That is its definition.

 * The various kinds of medical conditions associated with Pityriasis are these -

 * Pityriasis alba (also called 1) pityriasis streptogenes, 2) pityriasis simplex & 3) erythema streptogenes)
 * Pityriasis lichenoides chronica
 * Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
 * Pityriasis rosea
 * Pityriasis rubra pilaris
 * Pityriasis versicolor -

For Tinea (fungal infections of the skin) --
 * These fungi attack various parts of the body and lead to the following conditions:

 * Tinea corporis affects the arms, legs, and trunk
 * Tinea capitis affects the scalp
 * Tinea cruris (jock itch) affects the groin area
 * Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) affects the feet
 * Tinea unguium affects the fingernails and toenails
 * Tinea versicolor - affects upper body, chest, arms, back, stomach, neck and face
 * Tinea manuum affects the hands and palm area

 * BUT, Pityriasis means flaky & scaly - And the spots MAY be flaky and scaly, but NOT ALWAYS.
 * What IS distinctive of this specific fungal infection is the versicolor condition, where in the winter months, when most people aren't in the sun, tinea versicolor most often appears on the skin as pink to brown spots. During summer, those same pink spots turn to white spots when the surrounding skin tends to tan or generally darken.  Exposure to heat hot baths, shower and after exercise causes the spots to be dramatically white spots against the surrounding flushed skin.

GOOGLE HITS

Google - 85,200 hits for -

Google - 130,000 hits for

GOOGLE SCHOLAR HITS

Google Scholar - Pityriasis+fungal 1,340

Google Scholar - 1,730 for Tinea+versicolor Google Scholar - 4,190 for Tinea+fungas

 * This UK Dematology website,

owned by Meddaid Ltd (and adhering to the Code of Practice of the British Pharmaceutical Association) gives a page to Tinea "Tinea is a type of fungal infection with one of a few types of fungus. Tinea infection can occur in many sites of the body such as the foot, groin and nails."
 * This same website does not feature the word Pityriasis for any dermatological conditon. (use search or click on "P" on above page). It can be found associated with non-derma conditions.

 * Tinea versicolor - from eMedicine at WebMD - Which is a doctor-training site, certified by Medical Licensing Boards to give CME Credits for various specialities -

 * There is a long list of authors and editors who collaborated on this article -- And it can be noted from the 9 bibliography entries that there is absolutely no agreement regarding any so-called official name. Tinea and Pityriasis are used equally freely, both two decades ago, and in this present day.

Examining all this (plus the journal and textbook links on Google Scholar) There has seemingly been no obvious trend towards one or another.

 * Search eMedicine.com professional journal article & CME database for Pityriasis, and you pull up these

 * Then see the same eMedicine.com entry for ALL FUNGAL INFECTIONS of the dermis and note the conditions listed.

Then, on BBC Online, under "Ask the Doctor" and under "Health Conditions", written by different Dermatologists, it says this - "The proper medical name for these (fungal) infections is Tinea, and this is often followed by the Latin name for the affected part of the body. For example, Tinea pedis affects the feet (also called athlete's foot), Tinea corporis affects the body and Tinea capitis affects the scalp."

 * another UK site -

- Reviewed by John Pillinger, GP - What is pityriasis versicolor? --
 * "This (Pityriasis veriscolor) is a common skin disease caused by an overgrowth of the yeast fungus called Pityrosporum orbiculare (yeast also known as Malassezia furfur).

 * Most adults have Pityrosporum orbiculare on their skin; however, in a few people its presence results in a harmless skin disease.

 * Pityrosporum orbiculare also plays a role in the development of cradle cap (also known as seborrhoeic dermatitis). (end quoted section)

 * May I suggest that in THIS PARTICULAR fungal infection of the integument, that often associated with Pityriasis name possibly came to be more used because of the particular fungus involved - Pityrosporum, in addition to the fact that the lesions can be flaky and scaly. The two had a marked similarity at first glance, even though one was a description of how a lesion looks and the other a particular yeast organism.

 * What can be seen is that Tinea means "fungal infections" and there is a CONSISTENCY across the board with each and every other symptomatic fungal condition of the human integument.

Integument - ''Covering of the body, which protects it from the outside world and from drying out. In humans and other mammals it consists of the skin (including outer epidermis and inner dermis) and its related structures, including hair, nails, and sebaceous and sweat glands.''

-I am Kiwi 07:05, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Why not 1% selenium sulfide solution?
Wouldn't a 1% solution cure tinea versicolor too, albeit slower than the 2.5% solution? 71.123.95.142 (talk) 22:02, 22 April 2008 (UTC) John S.

 * Apparently, yes. One of the article's reference sources state: "Nonprescription treatments include 1 percent selenium sulfide (Selsun) shampoo applied to the skin from neck to waist for 30 minutes daily for a week (I'd also shampoo the scalp the first few days) and clotrimazole (Lotrimin) cream twice a day for 3 weeks, or Lamisil cream once a day for a week.  Prescription treatments include ketoconazole 2 percent shampoo applied to damp skin in a thin layer and left on for five minutes for three straight days, or Selsun 2.5 percent lotion applied daily for 1 week — allow to dry for 10 minutes before showering. Alternatively, leave Selsun on your body for 12 to 24 hours, rinse it off, and repeat weekly for four weeks."    (Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 06:44, 5 July 2008 (UTC))

Mycology
In Weedon's Skin Pathology there is some discussion about the state of flux of taxonomy in this area. It says Malassezia furfur is the former name of a fungus known for decades as Pityrosporum ovale (in its ovoid form) and Pityrosporum orbiculare (in its spherical form), that was renamed following a taxonomic review of the Malassezia species in 1996. Four new species were described and the upshot of this was that M. globosa is the name of the organism that both colonises healthy skin and causes pityriasis/tinea versicolor (whatever you want to call it). Whilst I recognise Dr Weedon as a world authority in Dermatopathology, I recognise this edition of his text is now dated, and so, although I'd like to, I'm hesitant to include this information in the article because it may not respresent current understanding in mycologic taxonomy. Is anybody else aware of more recent developments in this area? Mattopaedia (talk) 00:46, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

Here is a couple recent articles

TI Microreview of Pityriasis versicolor and Malassezia species.

AU Morishita N; Sei Y

SO Mycopathologia. 2006 Dec;162(6):373-6.

Recently 11 Malassezia species were isolated. Attention has focused on the relationship between Malassezia species and Malassezia-related disease. The causal fungus of Pityriasis versicolor is M. globosa. The conditions of mycelial form induction are not clear for M. globosa.

AD Miu Skin Clinic, 1-26-14 Kamata, Tokyo, Japan. tetolana@sunny.ocn.ne.jp

PMID 17146580

2 TI Malassezia species isolated from lesional and non-lesional skin in patients with pityriasis versicolor.

AU Prohic A; Ozegovic L

SO Mycoses. 2007 Jan;50(1):58-63.

Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a superficial fungal infection where Malassezia species play a definite causative role, but the clinical significance of each of these species is not fully understood. The aim of our study was to analyse the prevalence of Malassezia species in PV lesions and to examine if the range of species varies with patient sex, age, direct microscopy findings and some clinical data. Ninety patients with PV completed the study. The samples were obtained by scraping the skin surface, both from lesional and non-lesional skin and then incubated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and modified Dixon agar. The yeast isolated were identified according to their macroscopic and microscoipic features and physiological characteristics. In PV lesions, the most common species was M. globosa (63%), followed by M. sympodialis (14%), M. furfur (10%), M. obtusa (8%) and M. slooffiae (4%). The most frequently isolated species from clinically healthy skin were M. globosa (49%), M. sympodialis (37%) and M. furfur (5%). We found significant difference in the distribution of Malassezia species between lesional and non-lesional skin and in the distribution of Malassezia species according to the direct microscopy findings. M. globosa in its mycelial phase is the predominant species involved in the aetiology of PV.

AD Department of Dermatovenerology, University Clinical Center, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. asjaprohic@hotmail.com

PMID 17302750

--Doc James (talk) 03:56, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Let me add a quote from Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology, a very reliable secondary source from 2005: "Tinea versicolor is caused by Malassezia furfur. The yeast phase of this organism is classified as Pityrosprum orbiculare.  As a yeast, this organism is part of the normal follicular flora.  It produces skin lesions when it grows in the hyphal phase."  From: James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. Page 313. ISBN 0721629210.

 * However, in 2003, Fitzpatrick's, 6th Ed., ISBN 0071380671, an excellent secondary source, gave a full discussion on this very topic.  Here are some quotes (and Fitzpatrick's does use in-text citations to reference primary sources throughout these quotes, but I will not include those here):

 * "The genus Malassezia includes seven species of lipophilic basidiomycetous yeasts: Malassezia furfur, M. pachydermatis, M. sympodialis, M. globosa, M. restricta, M. slooffiae, and M. obtusa. Previously, M. furfur, M. pachydermatis, and M. sympodialis were the only members of the genus.  In 1996, Gueho et al. proposed a new taxonomic classification based on morphology, ultrastructure, and molecular biology that added four new species.  These yeast cause a wide spectrum of superficial cutaneous disease, including tinea versicolor, folliculitis, and seborrheic dermatitis.

 * Eichsstedt first recognized tinea versicolor as a cutaneous fungal infection in 1846. For several years the disease was considered to be dermatophyte in origin, but Baillon, impressed by the yeastlike nature of the organism, coined the term Malassezia in 1889 to distinguish this organism frin the Microsprum species of dermatophytes.  In 1951, Gordon isolated and characterized the organism M. furfur and renamed it Pityrosporum orbiculare.  It is now recognized and accepted that M. furfur is the correct name and that P. orbiculare, P. ovale, and M. ovalis are synonyms." Page 2014

 * "Superificial fungal infections are also more common in atopic individuals and may contribute to the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. Patients with atopic dermatitis have an increased prevalence of Trichophyton rubrum infections compared to nonatopic controls.  There has been particular interest in the role of Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum ovale and P. orbiculare) in atopic dermatitis.  M. Furfur is a lipophilic yeast commonly present in the seborrheic areas of the skin." Page 1187

 * There is also an updated Fitzpatrick's from 2007, which I do not own, but which may have even more recent information on the topic. The 2007 updated edition's information is as follows: Wolff, Klaus; Goldsmith, Lowell; Katz. Stephen; Gilchrest, Barbara; Paller, Amy; Leffell, David (2007). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (7th ed.).  McGraw-Hill Professional.  ISBN 0071466908.

 * I will only provide quotes from excellent secondary sources, leaving you to draw statements and conclusions from them for the wikipedia article. I hope this helps, and I apologize for any typos.  Additional secondary sources may be found through WP:DERM.  Please let me know if you need any other help. Thanks! kilbad (talk) 16:35, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

Thanks guys! Its interesting to see that even the experts can't sem to agree on taxonomy. I was under the impression that M. furfur was reclassified into 4 new species & so ceased to exist -- apparently not...

I think for the purposes of the article it would be fair to say that M. globosa is the causative agent for the majority of PV. Cheers! Mattopaedia (talk) 01:10, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

Keep in mind too that clinical medicine usually lags behind advances in most areas of basic science, and microbiology is no exception. Eg, although it was renamed Chlamydophila a while ago, nearly all call it Chlamydia. Same goes for Pnemocystis carinii vs. Pneumocystis jirovecii. So I wouldn't be surprised if most basic scientists agree with the renaming of M. furfur and yet it hasn't made its way into the clinical texts yet. It's just the nature of the beast. --David Iberri (talk) 02:01, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

Possibly opening a 'can of worms', but I initially hoped to bring a little more uniformity to two related articles Dermatophytosis and this on PV. via a post the Derma Talk page. However, looking at this a little more deeply and without and expert knowledge of this topic I found a more recent study from South America (Petry V, et al, 2011 Aug, Identification of Malassezia yeast species isolated from patients with pityriasis versicolor. An Bras Dermatol. 2011 Aug;86(4):803-6) Suggest M. sympodialis as a more prevalent agent. I suspect (although I can't find any study), that there'll be a geographical and possibly other epidemiological factors, such as diet - some spp. appear to be more lipophilic than others, that play a role in which agent is the most prevalent in particular communities. I'd like to link into the PV article and get the main author of this article to re-evaluate the opening text and revise with a more cautious reference to these articles. Then maybe agree to have the Dermatophytosis and PV article make a more general ref to Malassezia and various spp. As ref to one sp. as more prevalent than any other appears to be unreliable at present. Is there any owning editor that can comment on this? Regards, Dave Morgan, DO — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.125.90.45 (talk) 09:05, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

clotrimazole
The article says "Other topical antifungal agents such as clotrimazole, miconazole or terbinafine are less widely recommended.". Why? Is there a source for this? Medical advice in a wikipedia article should be approached with caution. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.136.152.161 (talk) 16:08, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

Tinea refers to fungal only and not to yeast.
The article title should be changed to Pityriasis versicolor. Tinea is a term reserved only as a pronoun for any fungal disease of the skin as defined by Mirriam Webster. . Tinea versicolor is a misnomer as the causative organism is a yeast as clearly documented by the post here in this discussion section by kilbad in 2008. The word Tinea versicolor should be a redirect to this article which should be retitled Pityriasis versicolor.Leo2618 (talk) 22:02, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

Tinaderm
Why does one product get its own bullet? This has the appearance of advertising.Rose bartram (talk) 12:06, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

Itching; Selenium sulfide; etc. - personal observations to help others
I can't offer a citation for the listed symptom of Severe Pin-Prick Itching, but my personal experience confirms both the maddening symptom, and its apparent contributing factor(s).

Another contributing factor is my allergy to wheat, and milder allergy to corn, slight allergy to rye and barley - the dermatological reactions to them exacerbate the versicolor, evidently because they body is already in an inflammatory state.

Re: Selsun Blue with selenium sulfide, leaving it on for 30 min can cause skin damage (a reddened and darkened thickening with a leathery feel, that is painful to the touch, and then peels like an orange to leave a reddened, very tender and painful patch) in people with fair or delicate skin. Do *not* jump immediately into leaving it on for 30 minutes. For people with fair/sensitive skin, start with 5 min and, if that's tolerated, go to ten min., and so on, to establish the *individual tolerance*.

I've found that a warm (NOT hot!) bath of 1 cup epsom salts per 10 gal of water, with a squirt of completely neutral (hypoallergenic, no fragrance, no colorants, etc.) liquid "soap" or even mild "free of everything" detergent, works well to ease the itching and assist in control. Adding some Baking Soda helps in the hotter weather, in conjunction with using the Selsun Blue as a "body wash" - i.e., apply and to whole body when wet, then rinse after 5-10 min.

98.195.58.96 (talk) 20:51, 29 January 2013 (UTC)

tinea versicolor
medical treatment for this tinea versicolor and causes of this disease. any hormone or enzyme or vitamins or protein deficiency? PLS EXPLAIN M. V. K. Chowdhay (talk) 00:36, 27 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tinea versicolor


text:
Turkish Resistance Organisation

The Turkish Resistance Organisation (Türk Mukavemet Teşkilatı, TMT) was a Turkish Cypriot pro-taksim paramilitary organisation formed by Rauf Denktaş and Turkish military officer Rıza Vuruşkan in 1958 as an organisation to counter the Greek Cypriot Fighter's Organization EOKA (later "EOKA-B"). The name of the organization was changed twice. In 1967 to "Mücahit", and became the Security Forces Command in 1976. Its members (soldiers) are called Mücahit (Mujahideen).

Formation
The Greek Cypriot paramilitary organization, EOKA started its anti-British activities for Enosis, the union of the island with Greece. This caused a "Cretan syndrome" within the Turkish Cypriot community, as its members feared that they would be forced to leave the island in such a case as was the case with Cretan Turks; as such, they preferred the continuation of the British rule and later, taksim, the division of the island. Due to the Turkish Cypriots' support for the British, the EOKA leader Georgios Grivas declared them an enemy. The first underground organization formed by Turkish Cypriots to oppose enosis was Volkan. This organization was founded in 1956. or September 1955 according to different sources, and purportedly with the support of the British administration. Roni Alasor, however, claims that TMT's organisation structure and base had been formed as early as 1950 with its centre in Yenişehir (Yenişehir is the modern section of Ankara). Ankara. During this period, other resistance organizations were founded, such as the Turkish Resistance Legion for the Movement Legion (KİTEM), 9 September Front or Kara Çete ("Black Gang"), which reportedly had the support of Fazıl Küçük, but these turned out to be unsuccessful attempts and joined Volkan. The exact date of establishment of the TMT varies across several sources, the given dates are 15 or 23 November 1957. Rauf Denktaş, however, claimed that the organization was established on 27 November. The establishment took place in the house of Kemal Tanrıverdi in Nicosia, the Turkish Cypriot attaché at the Turkish embassy, with the participation of Denktaş and Burhan Nalbantoğlu. Its declaration of establishment, which called all Turkish Cypriot members of resistance organizations to unite under the TMT, was printed on 26 November 1957 by the Lefkoşa Türk Lisesi (Nicosia Turkish High School). Initially, it only had about 100 members.

The TMT was initially formed with a local initiative, with the aims of raising awareness in Turkey about the Cypriot issue and military training and supply for Turkish Cypriot fighters. However, its leaders were aware that such an organization would not be popular without Turkish support, and thus, no organization or efforts to establish a leadership took place at this time. On 2 January 1958, Denktaş and Küçük flew to Ankara to meet with Fatin Rüştü Zorlu. In the meeting, Zorlu asked them if they would be able to receive the weapons sent by Turkey, and Denktaş replied positively, after which Zorlu brought the issue to the attention of the Chief of Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces. After several months of consideration, Turkey decided to support the organization on the condition that Turkish support would be kept secret. Daniş Karabelen was assigned to organize the TMT's foundation.

Structure & Soldiers
TMT's members were called mujahid. (Turkish : Mücahit), a term used for Muslims who fight on behalf of the faith or the Muslim community. The mujahids would have no ranks and their names were unknown amongst each other. Communication with its members in Cyprus was by radio and the honorary leader of the TMT was Fatin Rüştü Zorlu.

General Daniş Karabelen, in charge of unconventional warfare office of Turkey, was leading the irregular Turkish Cypriot attacks on Greek Cypriot properties. The Turkish state in 1950s had sent to Cyprus Turkish officers and special forces veterans who arrived secretly and presented themselves as bankers, teachers and business men and trained Turkish Cypriots in tactics of unconventional warfare.

Ideology
The TMT was an ethno-nationalist organization, with a right-wing stance.

TMT's main goal was to counter the Greek Cypriot demand for enosis.

TMT was active mainly between 1958 and 1974, promoting partition (in Turkish: Taksim) of Cyprus. TMT claims that their efforts were simply in response to a real threat against their community by EOKA, after 1963, by the Cypriot Government, which by then was under exclusive Greek Cypriot control and had ended representing Turkish Cypriots.

Strength
Between 1964 and 1967, the TMT maintained a force of about 5,000 fighters, although this was somewhat weakened in 1966 and 1967, when around 950 men, who had interrupted their studies or never had a chance to commence them, went to Turkey to enroll in universities.

title: Turkish Resistance Organisation


text:
Nick Mancuso

Nicodemo Antonio Massimo Mancuso (born May 29, 1948) is an Italian-Canadian actor, artist, playwright, and director. Beginning his career as a stage actor, he had his breakthrough role in the 1981 drama Ticket to Heaven, for which he won the Genie Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor. He has over 155 film and television credits, including voicing Billy in the slasher film Black Christmas (1974), starring as Ray on the NBC series Stingray (1985–1987), and playing antichrist Franco Macalousso in the Apocalypse film series (1998–2001).

Early life and education
Mancuso was born May 29, 1948, in Mammola, Calabria, Italy. His family emigrated to Canada in 1956 via Naples, when he was eight years old. He grew up in Ontario and began acting in high school. On graduation, he studied psychology at the University of Toronto, but left to pursue acting full time.

Career
Mancuso began his professional career by performing in theatres across Canada such as the Vancouver Playhouse, Neptune Theatre, Centaur Theatre and Halifax's Pier One experimental theatre, where he was also an associate artistic director for one season. He went on to perform in various independent theatre companies including the Toronto Free Theatre, Canadian Stage Company, Factory Theatre, and the Theatre Passe Muraille. He had his first voice screen role debut with an uncredited role in the 1974 slasher film Black Christmas, as the voice of the stalking murderer Billy. He spent a season in 1976 at the Stratford Festival, with leading roles in The Merchant of Venice, Antony and Cleopatra, and A Midsummer Night's Dream, and landed his first screen appearance in a supporting role in Allan Eastman's debut film, A Sweeter Song.

In 1979, his American stage debut working directly with Tennessee Williams, starring in Tiger Tail and The Night of the Iguana in Atlanta. During this time, he came to the attention of producers at Columbia Pictures. Martin Ransohoff and Arthur Hiller were instrumental in getting Mancuso for the lead in the horror-thriller Nightwing, directed by Hiller and co-starring David Warner. Ransohoff and Hiller hoped Nightwing would be a hit and be a breakthrough role for Mancuso, but it failed at the box office.

In the early 1980s, Mancuso had his breakthrough role in Ticket to Heaven in which he played the part of a David Kappel, a non-observant Jewish teacher in Toronto. His girlfriend leaves him and he visits San Francisco to find his footing and see an old friend. He is lured into spending a weekend at a camp that is actually the recruiting and indoctrination center for a religious cult. The film was voted one of the top 10 films of 1981 by the National Board of Review, and earned Mancuso the Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role. The success of the film and Mancuso's performance put him in the running to play Indiana Jones in Raiders of the Lost Ark.

Mancuso played the titular role on the NBC series Stingray, which ran two seasons between 1985 and 1987. He played the antichrist Franco Macalousso in Apocalypse, a series of direct-to-video films produced by Cloud Ten Pictures. Among the other roles Mancuso has taken on there was the role of Holden Downes in Captured. In this sometime violent film, he plays a real estate tycoon on the edge. He comes across some thieves who are out to rob him and takes his anger out on them. Instead, he turns the tables on them and making them the victims. He has also appeared in numerous independent and short films.

Personal life
In 1981, Mancuso married Lady Patricia Pelham-Clinton-Hope (born 1949), a daughter of Henry Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle; they divorced in 1983. He later married his second wife, Canadian actress Barbara Williams before divorcing. In 1998, he married his third wife Toronto-born actress Nadia Capone. The two have one child together.

, Mancuso resides in Toronto, and was running a six-week acting workshop there. He has also published a book of poetry titled Mediterranean Man and created a number of abstract paintings. He is fluent in English and Italian, and speaks conversational French.

He underwent quadruple bypass surgery in 2011. A longtime vegetarian and proponent of homeopathy, Mancuso joined a class-action lawsuit against the government of Canada in 2012 over its ban of previously available herbs and vitamins that were offered by naturopaths and health food suppliers.

Filmography

 * 1974 Red Emma (TV)
 * 1974 Black Christmas as Billy, The Prowler / Phone Voice
 * 1976 A Sweeter Song as Manuel
 * 1978 Dr. Scorpion (TV) as John Shackelford
 * 1979 The House on Garibaldi Street (TV) as Ari
 * 1979 Nightwing as Youngman Duran
 * 1980 as Scrupules (Scruples) (TV series) as Vito Orsini
 * 1980 Le Bateau de la mort (Death Ship) as Nick
 * 1981 Ticket to Heaven as David
 * 1982 The Legend of Walks Far Woman (TV) as Horses Ghost
 * 1982 Mother Lode as Jean Dupre
 * 1983 Feel the Heat (TV series) as Andy Thorn
 * 1983 Maria Chapdelaine as François Paradis
 * 1983 Desperate Intruder (TV) as Mike
 * 1983 Tell Me That You Love Me as Dan
 * 1984 Heartbreakers as Eli
 * 1984 Blame It on the Night as Chris Dalton
 * 1984 Paroles et Musique as Peter
 * 1985 Death of an Angel as Father Angel
 * 1985 The Ray Bradbury Theater, S1E3 ("The Crowd") as Spallner
 * 1985-1987 Stingray (TV series) as Ray
 * 1985 Embassy (TV) as Harry Brackett
 * 1985 Night Magic as Michael
 * 1986 Half a Lifetime (TV) as Toby
 * 1987 The King of Love (TV)
 * 1990 Last Train Home (TV) as Sam Steele
 * 1990 Frontière du crime (Double Identity) (TV) as Paul Flemming
 * 1990 Liaison brûlante (Burning Bridges) (TV) as Peter Hollinger
 * 1991 Lena's Holiday as Flynn
 * 1991 Milena as Jaromir
 * 1991 Fatal Exposure (TV) as Carl Stone
 * 1991 Lies Before Kisses (TV) as Sonny
 * 1991 Vendetta: Secrets of a Mafia Bride (TV) as Danny LaManna
 * 1992 Rapid Fire as Antonio Serrano
 * 1992 Somebody's Daughter (TV) as Noah Canaan
 * 1992 Under Siege as CIA Director Tom Breaker
 * 1993 Matrix (TV series) as Steven Matrix
 * 1993 Wild Palms (Wild Palms) (TV series) as Tully Woiwode
 * 1993 Message from Nam (TV) as Captain Bill Quinn
 * 1994 Vitrine sur meurtre (Flinch) as Miles Raymond
 * 1994 For the Love of Aaron (TV) as Stuart Singer
 * 1994 Suspicious Agenda as Jimmy Davane
 * 1995 The Takeover as Anthony Vilachi
 * 1995 Young Ivanhoe (TV) as De Bourget
 * 1995 Arbalète et rock'n roll (A Young Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court) as King Arthur
 * 1995 Under Siege 2: Dark Territory as CIA Director Tom Breaker
 * 1996 The Outer Limits (1995 TV series) as Martin, Season 2 Episode 2 "Resurrection"
 * 1996 Twists of Terror (TV) as Crenshaw
 * 1996 Sealed With a Kiss (TV) as Barry Kuda
 * 1996 Marquis de Sade as Marquis de Sade
 * 1996 Les Amants de rivière rouge (TV series) as O'Connor
 * 1996 Once You Meet a Stranger (TV)
 * 1996 Past Perfect
 * 1996 Vows of Deception (TV) as Matt Harding
 * 1997 Against the Law as Detective John Shepard
 * 1997 Question de confiance (Matter of Trust) as Peter Marsh
 * 1997 Piégée (Laws of Deception) as Sergeant Lou Mather
 * 1997 The Ex as David Kenyon
 * 1997 The Invader as Willard
 * 1997 Let Me Call You Sweetheart (TV)
 * 1998 Harlequin's Loving Evangeline as Robert Cannon
 * 1998 Loyal Opposition: Terror in the White House (TV) as General Metzger
 * 1998 Provocateur as Toynbey Bates
 * 1998 Misbegotten as Paul Bourke
 * 1998 Past Perfect as Stone
 * 1998 Captured (vidéo) as Holden Downs
 * 1998 Programmés pour tuer (Perfect Assassins) (TV) as Samuel Greely
 * 1999 Revelation as Franco Macalousso
 * 1999 Total Recall 2070 (TV) as Richard Collector
 * 1999 Question of Privilege as Steven Healy
 * 1999 Jack of Hearts as Roy Murcant
 * 2000 Tribulation as Franco Macalousso
 * 2000 Call of the Wild as John Thornton
 * 2001 The Outer Limits (1995 TV Series) as Father, Season 6 Episode 3 "A New Life"
 * 2001 Judgment as Franco Macalousso
 * 2001 La Mort en blanc (Avalanche Alley) (TV) as Scott
 * 2001 The Secret Pact as Dominic Patton
 * 2002 Time of Fear as Jack Barone
 * 2002 Dancing at the Harvest Moon (TV)
 * 2003 Firefight as George
 * 2003 Lightning: Bolts of Destruction (TV) as General Fields
 * 2004 Brave New Girl (TV) as Ditz's Father
 * 2004 The Messiah: Prophecy Fulfilled as Yehudah
 * 2004 Lives of the Saints (TV) as Mario Innocente
 * 2005 Dreaming on Christmas as Sid
 * 2005 Today You Die as FBI Agent Saunders
 * 2005 Betting On Love (TV) as Arnie Tannenbaum
 * 2005 In the Mix as Salvatore
 * 2006 Night of Terror (TV) as Richard Grant
 * 2007 Vanessa as Mr. Bennet
 * 2008 The Wrong Mr. Johnson as Jim Johnson
 * 2008 Contract Killers as Witkoff
 * 2009 Deadtime Stories 2 as Swan
 * 2009 Rise of the Gargoyles as Father Gable
 * 2009 ZOS: Zone of Separation as Dragan Michailov
 * 2009 Death Warrior as Ivan
 * 2009 Lost Soul as Dr. Charles Crowther
 * 2009 Napoleonic as Adam Trufant
 * 2009 Violent Blue as Pietro
 * 2009 The Last Gamble as Nick
 * 2009 Bruco as Mario, Dead Father
 * 2010 Napoleonic (short) as Adam Trufant
 * 2013 Real Gangsters as Vincent "Jimmie" Lo Giacamo, also producer
 * 2014 The Big Fat Stone as Mickey Goldstein
 * 2016 Born Dead
 * 2017 Adam's Testament as The Stranger
 * 2017 Misfortune as Roman
 * 2018 Road to the Lemon Grove as Guido

Awards

 * Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role, 1982, for role in film Ticket to Heaven
 * Best Actor, Houston Film Festival, 1982, for role in film Ticket to Heaven
 * Best Actor, Taormina Film Festival, 1982, for role in film Ticket to Heaven
 * Best Actor, Academy of Family Films and Family Television, for role in film Ticket to Heaven
 * Best Actor, Houston Film Festival, 1986, for role in film Heartbreakers
 * Lifetime Achievement Award, Toronto Italian Film Festival, June 2005

title: Nick Mancuso


text:
Highley

Highley is a large village in Shropshire, England, on the west bank of the River Severn and 7 miles south east of Bridgnorth, the closest cities being Wolverhampton and Birmingham.

History
Highley began as a rural farming community, including an entry in the Domesday Book, later becoming a significant area for stone quarrying which provided some of the stone for Worcester Cathedral. Coal mining began in the area in the Middle Ages, but in the late 19th century the village was revolutionised by coal mining with large-scale operations beginning in 1878. A period of intense house-building also followed, giving Highley its distinctive red-brick terraced miners' houses. In the 1930s, the mine was extended to the neighbouring village of Alveley across the River Severn and a tunnel and bridge constructed between the two. There are also historical bridging points at Bridgnorth to the north and Bewdley to the south, and in Hampton Loade a private bridge used by the emergency services.

The mine closed in 1969 due to subsidence and waterlogging. The bridge remained open to bridleway traffic only, due to subsidence from the steep valley sides. The mine area on the Alveley (east) side was converted into an industrial estate as coal mining ceased, and subsequently landscaped into the Severn Valley Country Park in the late 1980s. Initially this was as an exercise to use trees to shore up the coal spoils, and later as a tourist destination which now includes public artwork and a sculpture trail, the Seam Pavement Trail.

The trail is a series of seven bronze plaques depicting Highley's past and incorporates the designs of West Midlands artist Saranjit Birdi. He included many miner's nicknames into the artwork, gleaned from archive information and research within the local community. Nicknames of the miners, such as Dick the Devil, Joyful Clappers, Cider Biscuit, Flaming Heck and others, are incorporated into the work. Birdi calls it "a seam through time", echoing the skilfully mined coal seams being laid down and later extracted over time. One plaque, Plough and Lady, depicts Lady Godiva, who owned Highley Manor in the 11th century. Birdi is also responsible for another sculpture, A Song of Steam, at Highley station.

In 2000, the bridge was declared unsafe and a new footbridge constructed (completed 2006).

Highley was the village where 17-year-old murder victim Lesley Whittle lived, and from which she was abducted by Donald Neilson, the Black Panther, in 1975. Lesley, the daughter of coach firm owner George Whittle (1905–1970), was taken from her home on 13 January 1975 and found dead on an underground ledge beneath Bathpool Park near Kidsgrove, Staffordshire, on 7 March that year. Neilson was found guilty of murdering Lesley Whittle and three other people (as well as wounding a Dudley security guard, who later died having never fully recovered from his injuries) at his trial in the summer of 1976, and sentenced to life imprisonment.

Transport
Highley has two stops on the Severn Valley Railway, at Highley Station and Country Park Halt.

The main railway stop is a substantial sandstone Victorian railway station. The station is also home to a museum of village life, housed within a vintage post office sorting carriage and home of the Engine Shed which houses a collection of heritage locomotives, a gift shop and a café. Down a small flight of steps from Highley railway station is the Ship Inn Public House, and from there a public footpath leads back to the Country Park and to the Severn Way waymarked walk.

The other stop is an unmanned request halt near the bridge for the Country Park. Passengers wishing to board the train at the halt stop the train by holding out their hand, as if hailing a bus, and those wishing to alight are advised to speak to the guard of the train before it leaves the previous station.

There is also bus service through the village, operated by Diamond West Midlands. The 125 bus service operates Mondays to Saturdays, from Bridgnorth to Stourbridge.

In January 2020 it was reported that the GP surgery in the village was having trouble recruiting locum doctors because of potholes on the way in to the surgery on Bridgnorth Road. In November 2022 the current providers of NHS services to the community at Highley Medical Centre announced they would be ending their contract there in March 2023, consultation is currently ongoing to secure new providers at the location.

Culture and community
Highley houses the Severn Centre,a sports and leisure complex complete with heated lido (open-air swimming pool) that also includes the local library, football ground and cricket pitch. (Latter frequently used to exercise dogs despite dogs being banned.) There is also a Country Park, the sculpture trail plus several restaurants and pubs. A Steam Heritage Centre has been proposed.

Highley Colliery Brass Band
The Highley Colliery Brass Band is a local brass band which existed from the turn of the 19th Century until the closure of the colliery in 1969. It reformed in 1993 when a handful of brass band musicians met at the Bache Public House in Highley. The band adopted regular rehearsals, meeting every Wednesday and Sunday night at the Bache Arms. Member numbers grew, and under the baton of Ray Millichamp the Band began performances under the name of Highley Band. In 2000 to coincide with the new uniform, the band adopted the now familiar Pit Head Wheel emblem and renamed the band to Highley Colliery Band, to reflect the mining heritage of its home village.

The band sees itself as a social group as well as a musical organisation. The band has members of all ages, young and old. The younger members especially are encouraged to take their music grades, and endeavours to enhance every player's musical ability and enjoyment. The band performs at fetes, parks and concerts throughout the country. The band used to rehearse at the Castle Inn until it closed every Wednesday and Sunday.

Notable people

 * Aubrey Scriven (1904 in Highley – c.1988) an English professional footballer, he made over 200 pro appearances for Birmingham, Bradford City and Bristol City
 * Gerry Hitchens (1934-1983), footballer, notably for Aston Villa and England international, was miner at Highley colliery
 * Stan Jones (born 1938) footballer, mainly Walsall and WBA
 * Colin Hemsley (born 1949 in Highley) an English former cricketer, he played for Shropshire
 * David Tristram (born 1957) an English comic playwright, he lives in Highley
 * Mark Humphries (born 1965 in Highley) a former English cricketer, he played for Staffordshire

title: Highley


text:
Ooredoo

Ooredoo QSC (أريد; formerly Qtel) is a Qatari multinational telecommunications company headquartered in Doha. Ooredoo provides mobile, wireless, wire line, and content services with market share in domestic and international telecommunication markets, and in business (corporations and individuals) and residential markets.

Ooredoo was the first operator globally to launch commercial 5G services in Qatar and is one of the world's largest mobile telecommunications companies, with over 121 million customers worldwide as of 2021.

Ooredoo operates in ten countries and territories across the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast Asia: Algeria, Indonesia, Iraq, Kuwait, Myanmar, Maldives, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, and Tunisia.

Ooredoo's shares are listed on the Qatar Stock Exchange and the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange.

History
Ooredoo was founded in Doha in 1987, initially as a telephone exchange company. It has since become the largest communications operator in Qatar offering new technologies to the country including mobile, broadband, digital, and fiber internet services. The publicly-traded company has ownership from the royal family with H.E. Sheikh Abdullah Bin Mohammed Bin Saud Al Thani as the company's chairman and Sheikh Saud bin Nasser Al Thani as Ooredoo Group CEO. Waleed Al-Sayed is Ooredoo Group's deputy CEO and Ooredoo Qatar's CEO.

Qtel Group and all its operating companies worldwide were officially unified under Ooredoo Group in February 2013, as part of the company's strategy to combine its assets in order to form a global business within the telecommunications industry. The name Ooredoo is Arabic for "I Want", chosen "to reflect the aspirations of Ooredoo customers and the core belief that Ooredoo can enrich people's lives and stimulate human growth in the communities where it operates".

Ooredoo has experienced significant growth over the last six years, transforming from a single market operator in Qatar to an international communications company with a global customer base of more than 114 million customers worldwide (as of September 2015) and consolidated revenues of QAR 24.2 billion for the first nine months of fiscal year 2015.

In 2010 the company upgraded its 3G network in the country and launched its Mobile Money service. By 2012, its network grew with its fiber network that provided services with download speeds of up to 100 Mbit/s, HDTV, and its initial phase of its 4G LTE mobile broadband service. The company's consumer base has grown significantly in recent times, from 1.9 million subscribers in 2008 to 2.5 million in 2012 within Qatar. Its annual revenues increased by QAR 3.5 billion from 2012 to 2013 in a single quarter.

As of 2013, the company unified under Ooredoo Group.

Current standing
Ooredoo became the first operator in the world to launch a live 5G network in May 2018. Ooredoo had been gearing up to test this new technology since 2014. As of now, the 5G network has been commercially launched in Qatar and Kuwait.

In the 2010s, the company developed a strong partnership with Nokia in Qatar. In May 2016, the firm expanded this partnership with Nokia in a three-year deal to develop a nationwide mobile network in Qatar. The firm has also broadened its reach with its operations on over 16 countries across the Persian Gulf, Middle East, North Africa, and Asia regions.

The firm has since experienced significant growth with QAR 24.2 billion in revenues in the first three quarters of 2015, and over 17,000 employees.

Ownership
According to Ooredoo's 2016 disclosures, 68% of the company is owned by Qatar government-related entities, 10% by ADIA (UAE), and the remaining 22% is on the public market.

Ooredoo Qatar
Qtel was formally established under Law No. 13 of 1987.

In 2006, Qtel launched 3G services and announced a series of initiatives, including an equity partnership with AT&T in NavLink, international high- speed mobile data (GPRS) roaming services and the launch of IP (Internet Protocol) and telephony services.

In 2010, Qtel launched its Mobile Money service and upgraded its 3G network.

In 2012, Qtel continued its roll-out of the nationwide Qtel Fibre network, offering packages with download speeds of up to 300 Mbit/s and HDTV + ooredoo TV. Qtel also began the trial phase of its 4G LTE mobile broadband service.

In February 2013, Qtel officially rebranded as Ooredoo.

In 2015, Ooredoo Qatar announced the launch of Ooredoo SuperNet in one of the most significant network evolution in Qatar's history. The company introduced three-band carrier aggregation, building on its position of being the first and only company to combine 20+10 MHz bands on its 4G+ network.

On July 7, 2017, at the beginning of the Qatar diplomatic crisis, Ooredoo changed its network name to Tamim Almajd in a show of solidarity with the Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani.

In January 2020, Ooredoo Qatar signed a partnership with Indian entertainment and media platform Eros Now, to make Eros Now's content available to its customers in Qatar.

On 30 September 2021, Ooredoo Group announced that the title of Qatar's first-ever Formula 1 race will be officially named as the Formula 1 Ooredoo Qatar Grand Prix. The announcement was made at a press conference at the Lusail International Circuit in the presence of the Deputy Group CEO and the CEO of Ooredoo Qatar Mr. Sheikh Mohammed Bin Abdulla Al Thani & other officials.

Ooredoo Oman
Ooredoo Oman was formerly known as Nawras, which was launched in Oman in 2004. The company has been listed on the Muscat Securities Market since 2010.

In November 2014, Nawras officially rebranded as Ooredoo Oman.

Ooredoo Oman provides landline voice services to business and residential customers. It also provides a range of prepaid and post-paid mobile phone plans, and broadband internet service, both home and mobile (3G+).

Ooredoo Oman has recently launched full-fledged home entertainment TV services - using set top boxes for home TV, and using apps for Android and iOS mobile devices. It is the first operator in the Middle East region to have launched TV services (including live TV channels and video on demand) from multiple content providers using completely Over The Top (OTT) technology - thus being able to offer its TV services not just for its own broadband and mobile customers, but to other competing operator subscribers too. Its TV content providers include (but not limited to) StarzPlay, YuppTV, Alt Balaji, BluTV, Al Jazeera, EuroNews, FranceTV, ErosNow, FilmBox, Hopster, Spuul - and more are being added regularly.

The home broadband and voice service is powered by WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) technology. Ooredoo Oman was first to deploy 3G+ in Oman and is the only operator to deploy WiMAX commercially in Oman.

Ooredoo Kuwait
Ooredoo Kuwait's operations began in December 1999 as Wataniya Telecom when it launched wireless services as the second operator in the country.

In March 2007, Ooredoo acquired Kuwait's Wataniya Telecom for US$3.8 billion.

In May 2014, Wataniya Telecom officially re branded as Ooredoo Kuwait.

Asiacell (Ooredoo Iraq)
Asiacell, the first mobile telecommunications company in Iraq, was established in Sulaymaniyah in 1999.

In August 2007, Asiacell bid and won a 15-year national license, becoming the GSM telecom operator with the largest long-term network coverage in Iraq. To handle new business operations, Asiacell also simultaneously established new executive offices in Baghdad, Basra, and other major cities in Iraq.

Ooredoo United Arab Emirates
On September 12, 2019, Ooredoo launched in the Emirates thanks to its joint communication and to make the UAE one of the most connected countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council region, despite the UAE's participation in the Qatar blockade. In August 2021, it changed its name to E-mobile and belongs to the VEON Group.

Ooredoo Algeria
Ooredoo Algeria's operations began in 2004 as Nedjma, positioned as the first multimedia operator in Algeria.

In November 2013, Nedjma officially re branded as Ooredoo Algeria.

Ooredoo Algeria introduced the first EDGE network in the country in 2004 and launched 3G services in Algeria in December 2013.

Ooredoo Tunisia
Ooredoo Tunisia was founded in May 2002 as Tunisiana and began commercial operations in December the same year.

In April 2014, Tunisiana officially rebranded as Ooredoo Tunisia.

Ooredoo Maldives
Ooredoo Maldives' operations began in February 2005 as Wataniya Maldives, after it was selected during a competitive bidding process with three other companies.

In December 2013, Wataniya Telecom officially re branded as Ooredoo Maldives.

Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison
Indosat was founded in 1967 and began as a commercial international telecommunications service provider (IDD) in September 1969. It is partially owned by the Indonesian government and was owned by American conglomerate company ITT until 1980.

In November 2015, Indosat officially rebranded as Indosat Ooredoo. Indosat Ooredoo is the second largest mobile network operator in Indonesia, with a subscriber's strength of 58.0 million users.

In September 2021, Indosat announced its merger with Hutchison Asia Telecom Group/Garibaldi Thohir's joint venture PT Hutchison 3 Indonesia (which operates 3-branded networks in Indonesia) to form Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison and closed their merger on 4 January 2022.

Ooredoo Myanmar
In June 2013, Ooredoo was chosen as one of the two successful applicants among 90 bidders to be awarded a license to operate in Myanmar, considered one of Asia's last remaining greenfield telecom markets.

Formal licenses were granted in January 2014, and Ooredoo pledged an investment of $15 billion to develop Myanmar's telecoms sector, with plans to cover 75 per cent of the population in five years.

Ooredoo will no longer operate in Myanmar due to the junta problems which is leading to financial problems as of 2022.

Sponsorships
Lionel Messi has worked with Ooredoo since 2013 as their global brand ambassador. As part of the partnership, Ooredoo and the Leo Messi Foundation have developed and sponsored projects to stimulate human growth and development across the Middle East, North Africa and Southeast Asia.

Since 2013, Ooredoo have sponsored Paris Saint-Germain as a premium partner, with Ooredoo's logo featuring on the back of their football kits.

The company is also the title sponsor of the Qatar Grand Prix.

In 2020, the company appointed Ali bin Towar al-Kuwari as its brand ambassador.

title: Ooredoo


text:
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Fair use rationale for File:Clockwerx Screenshot.png
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Proposed deletion of Raising Taxes

The article Raising Taxes has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fails WP:NBOOK/GNG. Unpublished, will never be written, just a title speculation. No valid redirect target, no referenced content to merge anywhere since the content here is not even about the said book. BEFORE shows no useful references, even fan wiki has just a tiny speculative stub."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 03:16, 27 April 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rincebrain