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Thomas (Jarvis novel)

Thomas is a dark fantasy adventure novel for children by British author Robin Jarvis. It is the third book in The Deptford Histories trilogy, a series of prequels to Jarvis's Deptford Mice books, and serves as a backstory for the eponymous mouse mariner Thomas Triton. It was first published in the United Kingdom in 1995 by Macdonald Young Books. In 2006, it was published in the United States by Chronicle Books.

Plot summary
Four years after the events of The Final Reckoning, midshipmouse Thomas Triton is troubled by memories of a traumatic incident in his youth that resulted in the death of his best friend, Woodget Pipple. His wife Gwen suggests that it would make him feel better if he wrote down what was bothering him.

Many years prior, Thomas is taken in by a kindly community of field mice after being caught in a snowstorm. There he meets Woodget, a little field mouse who becomes his close friend, and a beautiful maiden named Bess Sandibrook. Thomas falls deeply in love with Bess, but is unaware that Woodget has similar feelings for her. Stating that she loves Woodget, Bess gently rejects Thomas, only for them both to realise that Woodget has run away after mistakenly thinking he's getting in the way of their romance. Thomas vows to find Woodget, and catches up with him at a dock as a ship called the Calliope is getting ready to set sail. Thomas and Woodget meet a tough Irish mouse named Mulligan, who invites them to have a drink with him on the ship before he leaves. But they stay too long and to their dismay are stuck on the ship. The two become suspicious of Mulligan, who is evasive and will not let anyone see the contents of a satchel he always carries with him. The Calliope eventually crashes in a violent storm, killing most of its passengers.

Mulligan washes ashore in Crete with Dimlon, a simple-minded young mouse Thomas and Woodget befriended during the voyage. Dimlon drops his facade of innocence and reveals himself to Mulligan as Dahrem Ruhar, an adept of the Scale, an evil cult that worships a banished reptile god called Suruth Scarophion. Mulligan has been carrying a piece of a jade egg sacred to the Scale, trying to prevent them from obtaining it and joining it with the other pieces, which would create a vessel into which Scarophion can be reborn. Thomas and Woodget survived the storm as well, and come onto the island in time to see a dying Mulligan, poisoned by the blades of Dahrem. He has carried the egg fragment with him and pushes it into the horrified Woodget's paws, telling him to take it to a place called Hara. Thomas and Woodget are discovered by an army of Indian mongooses who demand to know where they got the egg fragment from. After they explain the situation, the mongooses offer to take the two mice to Hara, their home city in India so they can speak to the sadhu and ask his advice. Dahrem, once again in the guise of Dimlon, comes along with them. Upon their arrival in Hara, Thomas, Woodget and mongoose Captain Chattan go to see the sadhu, who also possesses a piece of the jade egg of Scarophion. In the night, the Scale arrive and launch a vicious attack on the city of Hara to steal the fragment. To everyone's shock, it is the sadhu himself who opens the gates for the Scale to enter. Dahrem attacks Woodget in the sadhu's chamber, demanding that he hand over the egg fragment Mulligan gave him. Thomas and Chattan hear the field mouse's screams and come to his rescue. Chattan engages in battle with Dahrem, who demonstrates his ability as an adept to tear his mammalian flesh off and assume the form of a lizard. Ultimately Dahrem is killed, but not before poisoning Chattan with his blades.

Faced with nowhere else to go, Thomas and Woodget decide to head to Singapore, where it is said that the jerboa prophet Simoon has journeyed. In a seedy bar called the Lotus Parlour, Thomas accidentally lets it slip to the bar's owner, Ma Skillet, that he and Woodget have the final egg fragment. Simoon is present and scolds the two mice for having walked directly into Scale territory. The bar is full of members of the cult (including Ma Skillet, the high priestess) who capture Thomas, Woodget, and Simoon and take them to their temple. The high priest joins the egg fragments together, and it appears Suruth Scarophion will be reborn. But as the reptilian form writhes within the newly created egg, it suddenly shrivels and dies. Simoon reveals that it was the plan all along to let the Scale obtain every piece of the egg, as he and other members of the Green Council like the sadhu knew it would ultimately be useless. The fragment held by Mulligan was periodically moved to different shrines to the benevolent Green Mouse deity, and thus gradually became a holy object. Cast from the ruined egg, Scarophion's spirit enters a nearby statue in his image. Riding on its back, the enraged high priest chases Thomas, Woodget, and Simoon. The statue is destroyed when it crashes on a crag of rock, and Woodget kills the high priest to save Thomas's life.

At the end of the journey, Thomas and Woodget are at a dock in Singapore waiting for a ship to take them back to England. An old beggar approaches them, but soon they discover that it is Ma Skillet, former high priestess of the Scale. She puts Thomas into a trance, during which he picks up Woodget and casts him into the water. Despite the field mouse's pleas, Thomas lets him presumably drown. Hours later, Thomas emerges from the trance and to his horror, remembers what he has done. He screams in anguish.

In present day Hara, Chattan's sister Sobhan is taking her grandson to see the sadhu. She tries to help the latter remember his former identity, but he responds that Zenna, the siren who rescued him from the sea, wiped his memory completely and he is content that way. The final line reveals that this new sadhu is none other than Woodget.

Background
Robin Jarvis has stated that since he created the midshipmouse Thomas Triton, he wanted to explore the character's dark past, hinted at in The Deptford Mice books: "In the original trilogy, he was always keeping some dark secret back until we finally learn that somehow he was responsible for the death of his best friend, Woodget. With that in mind I set about compiling his history and writing his memoirs." For this novel, he wanted an entirely different sort of enemy, which is how he came up with the idea for the cult of the banished serpent god. Jarvis "found their habit of ripping their skins off to be quite revolting and terrifying, but its a perfectly logical and necessary thing for them to do." Zenna, the siren who becomes infatuated with Woodget after he defends her from her mocking sisters, was named after the daughter of a librarian Jarvis met when he visited her school in Shropshire.

Reception
Regarding Thomas, Ilene Cooper of Booklist said "its archaic sentence structures and florid word choices are problematic, but series fans probably won't mind. They'll find the familiar mix of violent and heroic acts that has made the series popular." Kirkus Reviews called it "a rousing tale of horror and heroism."

title: Thomas (Jarvis novel)


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Jean Swain

Jean Adair Swain (August 12, 1923 – July 17, 2000) was born in New York City and grew up in Port Washington, Long Island, where she graduated from high school at age 16. Her musical talents included playing the cello in orchestras and chamber music groups, arranging, composing, and teaching. She was also an accomplished pianist.

She received her degree in music at Smith College (1945) where she was a founding member and arranger for the "Smithereens,"a singing group now a campus tradition.

In 1946 she and her sister, Nancy Swain Overton, founded a vocal quartet The Heathertones with Bix Brent and Pauli Skindlov (later replaced by Marianne McCormick).

After The Heathertones broke up, Jean pursued a career in documentary film production with Robert Drew where she was involved with filming of Yehudi Menuhin, Duke Ellington and the opening of the Metropolitan Opera at Lincoln Center.

In 1988, she joined her sister in a re-formed Chordettes of "Mr. Sandman" fame. Lynn Evans was an original member of that group and Nancy had sung with them for four years. Completing the foursome was Doris Alberti, a long-time barbershop music singer. hey performed at Radio City Music Hall, the Nassau Coliseum and toured with Eddy Arnold. In 1997 the group disbanded and Jean returned to her first love—playing cello in chamber groups and orchestras.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jean Swain


text:
Talk:The Matrix Online

Keyword
FrankinBaby: Dolphin and Her Operatives from Zion

New issues
I see user Gh87 has added two new issues, viz. fancruft and notability. I was planning on removing the tone and NPOV tags since I don't see anything wrong. As for notability, this seems like a major title by a huge developer/publisher played by many thousands of people. Perhaps the user could explain these two tags, if not I'll remove them in a few days --MonsieurKovacs (talk) 18:37, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

Fan tone?
I haven't really found anything that seems notably not NPOV. Does anyone have any objections to removing the fanpov tag? If so, please tell me what section(s) so I can work on those and get this out of the backlog :) --MonsieurKovacs (talk) 17:34, 7 November 2011 (UTC)

Closing
"unexpectedly decided to discontinue service" this is really not true at all. A few months before the closing developer Rarebit left the company, meaning their was either only one or two developers left, none of whom actually communicated with the community, after that Walrus, MXOs former community rep responded to a thread asking about the status of the game and said the game was placed in "maintance mode". Shortly after that the announcement came down that the game was going to be closing. This info (both in regards to Rarbits departure and Walrus announcement) can be found on the now closed forums and I feel this section should be amended to reflect that, if not out right spelled out, that the obvious signs were there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.68.29.102 (talk) 01:25, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

Question about this statement

 * At the time, doubts about the game circled within the industry, based on the lacklustre reception of the later two Matrix films and an overcrowded MMORPG market.[2]

Both of the later two Matrix films made more money than the first one did. It says so in the infobox of those film articles. And the companies involved haven't stopped making games for the MMORPG market, have they? Is there any official statement, any press releases, any interviews from people involved in this, saying why Ubisoft backed out of co-producing the game?  D r e a m Focus  11:55, 24 October 2010 (UTC)

Missing summary
As this has closed down, there should be a plot summary placed on this page. It is supposed to be the "sequel" to the third film, so a summary of the game should be provided. As the developers themselves created a summary in August 2008, that can be used as a base for a further smaller summary to be integrated into this article. 76.66.194.212 (talk) 00:00, 21 November 2010 (UTC)

Maybe you should put in a link to the site, that way anyone who wishes to do the aforementioned summary may do so. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.153.60.76 (talk) 20:53, 21 May 2011 (UTC)

Past tense
In the 'Combat' Section it says 'Currently, there is no way to effectively use player versus player combat scores as content, although content designed for PvP has been recently added...' could someone give the page a once-over snd check that the tenses are correct. Thank you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.153.60.76 (talk) 20:49, 21 May 2011 (UTC)

References 7 & 8
I've noticed that whenever I click on the 7 and 8 reference links it takes me to a screen which says I need to login to cahnge my password. What should we consider these links which only allow some people to view them? And no, I'm canot be bothered enough to create an account just to see those page's). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.153.60.76 (talk) 20:57, 21 May 2011 (UTC)

Classes
A more accurate and detailed description (probably a list, table, or chart) of the current set of job classes within the game would make this article a little more informative as this game appears to show a great amount of uniqueness from a typical RPG. It could also help players in deciding what their specializations will be in-game. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Giamatti (talk • contribs) 01:48, 25 June 2011 (UTC)

Memory book archive taken down
The Internet Archive page for the memory book seems to have been taken down. If anyone still has the original PDF of the Blue Pill version, it might be a good idea to upload it.

title: Talk:The Matrix Online


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/James Sherriffs

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:51, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

James Sherriffs
New Jersey high-school teacher, otherwise unnotable. Calton | Talk 06:36, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 06:54, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no evidence of passing WP:BIO. Kappa 07:13, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. High school teachers are not notable in general. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:37, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. notability not established. carmeld1 04:38, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No evidence of notability. Attracts impertinent scribblings by students. (I've cleaned it out more than once of claims to royal lineage, 'nam, & cats Dystopos 13:57, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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User:Kevin Baas/downing street memo

The DSM Coordination Center is a center for coordinating all things in support of exposing the truth behind the Administration's handling and presentation of pre-war intelligence, and whether the president was determined to go to war with Iraq prior to assessing and regardless of the facts, intelligence, and legality. The goals of this center are to aggregate information, prepare representatives (fight misinformation and propaganda), coordinate actions, and disseminate news.

Antimisinformation • News • Action • Coordinate

The wikipedia page on the memo is here.

Please keep only strong points, from popularly accredited sources. Overburdening weith massive amounts of links to indymedia articles and the like only serves to diffuse and diminish.

And keep things matter-of-fact. No invective, that's also counterproductive.

PRIMARY ATTACK
The UN route: as elaborated in the memo, they tried to create the impression of an ultimatum to saddam regarding weapons inspections, and the impression of saddam not cooperating, in order to garner public support for the war and create justification (rationale). this was linked to WMDs. it's all in the memo. notice this interview with blair: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/international/jan-june05/blair_6-07.html

Relevant parts of the memo, for bush-blair defense:
 * ''The Foreign Secretary said he would discuss this with Colin Powell this week. It seemed clear that Bush had made up his mind to take military action, even if the timing was not yet decided. But the case was thin. Saddam was not threatening his neighbours, and his WMD capability was less than that of Libya, North Korea or Iran. We should work up a plan for an ultimatum to Saddam to allow back in the UN weapons inspectors. This would also help with the legal justification for the use of force.

 * The Attorney-General said that the desire for regime change was not a legal base for military action. There were three possible legal bases: self-defence, humanitarian intervention, or UNSC authorisation. The first and second could not be the base in this case. Relying on UNSCR 1205 of three years ago would be difficult. The situation might of course change.

 * The Prime Minister said that it would make a big difference politically and legally if Saddam refused to allow in the UN inspectors. Regime change and WMD were linked in the sense that it was the regime that was producing the WMD. There were different strategies for dealing with Libya and Iran. If the political context were right, people would support regime change. The two key issues were whether the military plan worked and whether we had the political strategy to give the military plan the space to work.''' On the first, CDS said that we did not know yet if the US battleplan was workable. The military were continuing to ask lots of questions.

 * For instance, what were the consequences, if Saddam used WMD on day one, or if Baghdad did not collapse and urban warfighting began? You said that Saddam could also use his WMD on Kuwait. Or on Israel, added the Defence Secretary.

 * ''The Foreign Secretary thought the US would not go ahead with a military plan unless convinced that it was a winning strategy. On this, US and UK interests converged. But on the political strategy, there could be US/UK differences. Despite US resistance, we should explore discreetly the ultimatum. Saddam would continue to play hard-ball with the UN.

 * John Scarlett assessed that Saddam would allow the inspectors back in only when he thought the threat of military action was real.

 * ''The Defence Secretary said that if the Prime Minister wanted UK military involvement, he would need to decide this early. He cautioned that many in the US did not think it worth going down the ultimatum route. It would be important for the Prime Minister to set out the political context to Bush.

"This has already been investigated"
Nope.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/12/AR2005051201857.html

"Clinton started the policy of regime change"
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Iraq_Liberation_Act_of_1998

http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/libera.htm - clinton's statement.

Suppression of intelligence

 * http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/21/AR2005052100474_pf.html
 * http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/story.hts/nation/1607676
 * http://www.prospect.org/print/V13/22/dreyfuss-r.html

Links betwen Iraq and 9/11

 * Saddam Hussein and Al-Qaeda
 * 9/11 Commission Report
 * "And, he said, that two months after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the Bush administration released a list of two dozen countries it said al-Qaida operated in, but Iraq was not listed." http://www.afterdowningstreet.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=93&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0

WMD

 * Iraq disarmament crisis

ACTION!

 * http://www.johnconyers.com

 * http://www.3060media.com

title: User:Kevin Baas/downing street memo


text:
Addlestone railway station

Addlestone railway station serves the town of Addlestone in the Runnymede District of Surrey, England. It is located on the Chertsey Branch Line and is operated by South Western Railway.

The station was opened, with the branch line, on 14 February 1848. It comprises Up and Down platforms having brick buildings: the main building being on the Down side. There is a level crossing with Station Road (B3121) on the south side of the station. Just under a mile south of the station, the line crosses the River Wey. After leaving the station southbound trains approach Addlestone Junction and can either head westward towards Byfleet and New Haw (and subsequent stations on the South West Main Line) or head eastward to terminate at Weybridge.

History
Opened by the London and South Western Railway, it became part of the Southern Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The line then passed on to the Southern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.

When Sectorisation was introduced, the station was served by Network SouthEast until the Privatisation of British Railways.

Services
All services at Addlestone are operated by South Western Railway.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 2 tph to London Waterloo via Hounslow
 * 2 tph to Weybridge

On Sundays, the service is reduced to hourly in each direction and southbound trains run to and from Woking instead of Weybridge.

Connections
Bus routes 431 and 461, both operated on behalf of Surrey County Council, stop outside the station.

title: Addlestone railway station


text:
Tod Robbins

Clarence Aaron Robbins (25 June 1888 – May 10, 1949), billed as C. A. Robbins and better known as Tod Robbins, was an American author of horror and mystery fiction, particularly novels and short story collections.

Biography
Robbins was born in Brooklyn, June 25, 1888. He attended Washington and Lee University (Lexington, Virginia) and—along with Mark W. Sheafe (1884?–1949) and Thornton Whitney Allen (1890–1944)—wrote the college song "Washington and Lee Swing". Sheafe wrote the tune in 1905, Allen set the music down on paper in 1909, and Robbins provided the words. The completed version was published in 1910.

Robbins authored two short story collections and several novels. His work often contains bizarre and frightening plots, sometimes influenced by writers like Oscar Wilde (Robbins' "The Living Portrait" is a homage to The Picture of Dorian Gray) and Robert W. Chambers. Robbins's Mysterious Martin (1912) is an early novel about a serial killer. His novel, The Unholy Three (1917), was twice adapted for the screen, a silent version directed by Tod Browning in 1925 and a sound version directed by Jack Conway in 1930; both adaptations starred Lon Chaney. Robbins was also the author of the short story "Spurs", which Browning used as the basis for Freaks (1932), a film which later developed a cult following. Some of Robbins's work was later reprinted in the "Creeps" series of horror anthologies edited by Charles Birkin. His novel Fighting Mad reportedly won the $3,000 contest held in 1922 by Physical Culture magazine, serializing the novel beginning with the January 1922 issue.

E. F. Bleiler described Robbins' Who Wants a Green Bottle? as "excellent commercial fiction, with good little touches".

Emigration
Robbins emigrated to the French Riviera from New York City and refused to leave during the Nazi occupation of France. He spent the war in a concentration camp and died in Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat in 1949.

Marriages

 * Naomi Kathleen "Mollie" Adams (January 16, 1934 - May 10, 1949; his death)
 * Janet Lancey (1929 - 1933; divorced)
 * Lillian Ames Chatman (December 3, 1914 - 1922; divorced)
 * Edith Norman Hyde (July 15, 1909 - June 4, 1914; divorced); 2 children
 * Ethel Brown (? - May 1928; divorced)

Novels

 * The Spirit of the Town: A Novel Presentation in Fiction Form of the Impulse and Desire Which Mould the Lives of Men (1912)
 * Mysterious Martin: A Fiction Narrative Setting Forth the Development of Character Along Unusual Lines (1912)
 * The Unholy Three (1917; rpt. as The Three Freaks in 1935)
 * In the Shadow (1929)
 * The Master of Murders (1933)
 * Close Their Eyes Tenderly (1949)
 * To Hell and Home Again (advertised for release in 1950 but unpublished)

Short story collections
Includes: Includes: Includes:
 * Silent, White and Beautiful and Other Stories (1920)
 * "Silent, White and Beautiful"
 * "Who Wants a Green Bottle?"
 * "Wild Wullie, the Waster"
 * "For Art's Sake" (revised version of Mysterious Martin)
 * Who Wants a Green Bottle? and Other Uneasy Tales (1926)
 * "Silent, White and Beautiful"
 * "Who Wants a Green Bottle?"
 * "Wild Wullie, the Waster"
 * "Toys" (aka "The Toys of Fate")
 * "A Bit of Banshee"
 * "The Son of Shaemas O'Shea"
 * "Cockcrow Inn"
 * "Spurs"
 * Freaks and Fantasies (2007)
 * "Crimson Flowers"
 * "Silent, White and Beautiful"
 * "Who Wants a Green Bottle?"
 * "The Bibulous Baby"
 * "Wild Wullie, the Waster"
 * "The Toys of Fate"
 * "An Eccentric"
 * "The Whimpus"
 * "A Bit of Banshee"
 * "The Son of Shaemas O'Shea"
 * "A Voice from Beyond"
 * "Cock-crow Inn"
 * "The Confession"
 * "Spurs"

Poetry collections

 * The Scales of Justice and Other Poems (1915)

Pulp magazine appearances

 * Parisienne, February 1917 ("Married")
 * All-Story Weekly, July 14, 1917 ("The Terrible Three", i.e., The Unholy Three)
 * The Smart Set, April 1918 ("Silent, White and Beautiful")
 * All-Story Weekly, April 5, 1919 ("The Living Portrait")
 * The Thrill Book, September 1919 ("Fragments")
 * All-Story Weekly, October 25, 1919 ("The Whimpus")
 * Munsey's Magazine, January 1921 ("The Toys of Fate")
 * Munsey's Magazine, February 1923 ("Spurs")
 * Everybody's Magazine, November 1923 ("For His Lady Friend")
 * The Forum, 1925 ("The Child and the Man")
 * Famous Fantastic Mysteries, September 1939 ("The Whimpus")
 * Famous Fantastic Mysteries, September 1942 ("Wild Wullie, the Waster")
 * Super Science and Fantastic Stories, June 1945 ("The Toys of Fate")
 * Fantastic Novels Magazine, November 1948 ("The Terrible Three")
 * Fantastic Novels Magazine, March 1949 ("The Toys of Fate")
 * Fantastic Novels Magazine, November 1949 ("The Living Portrait")
 * Zoetrope: All-Story, Fall 2002 ("Spurs")

Anthology appearances

 * Creeps (1932), ed. Charles Birkin ("Silent, White and Beautiful", "Spurs" and "Cockcrow Inn")
 * Shudders (1932), ed. Charles Birkin ("Toys")
 * Shivers (1933), ed. Charles Birkin ("Wild Wullie, the Waster" and "Who Wants a Green Bottle?")
 * Nightmares (1933), ed. Charles Birkin ("The Whimpus")
 * Thrills (1935), ed. Charles Birkin ("The Confession")
 * The Freak Show: Tales of Fantasy and Horror (1970), ed. Peter Haining ("Spurs")
 * The Ghouls (1971), ed. Peter Haining ("Freaks", i.e., "Spurs")
 * Hallowe'en Hauntings: Stories About the Most Ghostly Night of the Year (1984), ed. Peter Haining ("Cockcrow Inn")
 * Famous Fantastic Mysteries (1991), ed. Stefan R. Dziemanozicz, Robert Weinberg and Martin N. Greenburg ("The Toys of Fate")
 * The People of the Pit (2010), ed. Gene Christie ("The Living Portrait")
 * The Best American Noir of the Century (2010), ed. James Ellroy, Otto Penzler ("Spurs")

title: Tod Robbins


text:
White-browed meadowlark

The white-browed meadowlark (Leistes superciliaris) is a passerine bird in the New World family Icteridae. It was formerly named white-browed blackbird but is not closely related to the red-winged blackbird group.

The white-browed meadowlark breeds in north-eastern Brazil and in southern South America from south-western Brazil through Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. Southern populations are partially migratory.

Like other meadowlarks, it is a bird associated with open country, including moist grasslands, pasture and cultivation, preferably with the odd bush or fence post for males to use as a songpost. In display the male flies up to 10 m in the air, then parachutes down on folded wings whilst singing an initially buzzing song, followed by a series of notes TZZZZZZ-teee-chu-chu-chak-chak. The call is a short chuck.

The white-browed meadowlark builds a deep grass-lined open cup nest on the ground amongst tall grasses, with several nests often close together. The normal clutch is three to five reddish brown-blotched greenish eggs. This species is often parasitised by the shiny cowbird, and on one occasion 19 cowbird eggs were found with one meadowlark egg in a nest.

The white-browed meadowlark is a small icterid. The male has mainly black plumage, apart from a bright red throat, belly and wing epaulets, and a white supercilium. The female has buff edged dark brown upperpart feathers, buff underparts, and pale streaks through the crown and eye. Juveniles resemble the female, but are paler.

This species is very closely related to the red-breasted meadowlark, L. militaris, which breeds further north, and was formerly considered to be subspecies of that bird. The male white-browed is easily distinguished by his bright white supercilium, but females of the two species are almost identical. The female red-breasted meadowlark is longer billed, smaller, and shorter winged than the white-browed, with more red and less streaking on the underparts.

This gregarious bird feeds mainly on insects and some seeds, including rice, and forages on the ground like a bobolink.

The white-browed meadowlark has benefited from the more open habitat created by forest clearance and ranching, and is extending its range.

title: White-browed meadowlark


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Lohman

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. Woohookitty 04:20, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Michael Lohman
Delete This looks like character assassination to me. I do not understand how Wiki can countenance it. The guy has no criminal record if he follows up. But people here are publishing emotional responses. He is not a public figure. The only way in which he is "of media interest" at this point is that Wiki has chosen to make him so. How is he supposed to get a job and move on when anyone can wiki him and read the emotional responses here? There are people on our streets who been convicted of far worse things that do not have wiki articles attacking them.

Keep This person has become an individual of media interest. In the future when one person says to another "it's like the Lohman thing" and they say what? and the first person says "search for him on wikipedia", what will this site have to say on this person of media interest? Nothing? Or a concise article?

Delete This is a vanity page, about an obscure individual, of no encyclopedic value. Furthermore, unless someone is convicted of a crime, it is prejudicial to put accusations against them and publish it in an encyclopedia. After all, you are still innocent until proven guilty. I'd hate to see Wikipedia become a platform for smear campaigns and personal grudges.
 * Comment I don't see any indication that the accused here is claiming innocence. In fact, he's pleaded guilty in order to avoid jail and to be diverted to an intervention program. Also, I don't see any evidence that the authors of the article have a personal vendetta or grudges.

keep We don't require a conviction for inclusion. This submission is unlikely a personal grudge. This was quite the sensational news item not only at Princeton but in college circles. lots of issues | leave me a message 07:43, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * 1) So Wikipedia is now a forum for listing everyone arrested for something? The accused is not a professor or a politician or even a public person. How is this appropriate for an encyclopedia? Furthermore, this seems likely to be applied in a discriminatory manner, since obviously 99% of criminals and accused criminals won't be listed. 2) This could open up Wikipedia for lawsuits of people accused and later proven innocent. Especially bad is when the article is NPOV and states things like "On several occasions, he would cut the hair of Asian women without their knowledge or consent." Typically newspapers and other reputable source make sure to qualify statements with "so and so is accused of ..." or "allegedly".
 * Comment All of the above were reported similarly by mainstream, non-student news sources because the guy has confessed and admitted as much, making the cautionary language unnecessary. Howee 01:08, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment As mentioned above, the guy has pled guilty already, so there are not legal issues to consider.

keep The only real problem I see with the existance of this article is the point that it could be construed as a personal attack - however, I think simply what already happened, without a conviction at this point, is noteworthy - the accusations caused a great deal of buzz, conversation, anger that students weren't aware of suspicion earlier, and will likely have long-term effects on the university. If in two years that is not true and/or he is suprisingly cleared of charges, then the article should be deleted - the problem is not that it's an inappropriate topic, it's just that it's not a resolved story yet, and that resolution may, in fact, eventually make it non-notable, but right now I think it is definitely notable - this is not an obscure name in Princeton, certainly... that's the only area I can speak for. Sirmob 21:36, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

keep I don't see how this page could be viewed as a personal attack. It's a NPOV article that simply recounts what the police report stated. The page also cites third party press articles about these alleged acts. There is no conclusion of Michael Lohman's guilt or innocence so it is not correct to state that this article may potentially open up Wikipedia for a lawsuit. The language in this article is no more discriminatory or libelous than any standard newspaper article. And, as others have pointed out, when this story broke, it attracted a lot of attention. Do a Google search for "Michael Lohman" and you will pull up multiple newspaper articles about this story. For better or worse, the story attracted lot of attention so Lohman is now a public persona. westworld

delete now that he has not been convicted, the page strikes me as dubious. Also, I don't like the precedent of non-notable non-public figures being posted. Is this moving into Megan's Law style sex offender lists??? See lots of potential for abuse, revenge, harrassment of private individuals. Willowx 6 July 2005 08:11 (UTC)

 * Comment This is a really old discussion, neither the person who put this up for VfD nor I (at that point) had really figured out the whole VfD thing, and so it never got listed and after a few weeks it appeared that something like consesus had been reached - I removed the notice instead of listing it under VfD, which I now realize to be inappropriate but forgot to correct and apologize for playing god administrator. I still believe that the person is relevant due to the impact that he had in and out of Princeton. Sirmob 6 July 2005 12:31 (UTC)

 * Why does this entry attract so many deletionist? The man is quite infamous.  I even saw someone using "mittenswithhair@domain.com" email address last week.  And no I'm not a Tiger - just a crappy state school kid in San Diego.  All the more reason to support keeping.  lots of issues  | leave me a message 6 July 2005 13:03 (UTC)

 * Comment This guy has pled guilty which gives you the same legal status as being convicted, when you're convicted, you're found guilty
 * Howee 01:08, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Unfortunately, the acts of harrassment cited–though certainly indicative of abnormal psychology–are not unusual enough to warrant an article on the person in question.  We don't write an article on every alleged criminal, pervert, or wacko.  If you want to be famous for bottles of urine, you have to be Howard Hughes. TenOfAllTrades(talk) 6 July 2005 15:13 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not every criminal act that gains its perpetrator his 15 minutes of fame also gains him a permanent spot in the encyclopedia.  This misses the mark for me. DS1953 6 July 2005 17:54 (UTC)
 * Transiency is absolutely not part of the Wikipedia inclusion criteria. And I wonder for how many years this anecdote will affect the enrollment of Asian chicks at Princeton.  lots of issues  | leave me a message 6 July 2005 18:40 (UTC)
 * Comment Not all criminals or criminal acts get nation-wide media coverage Howee

 * Delete. Appear to be crimes of mainly local interest and therefore not enough to establish notability. Capitalistroadster 6 July 2005 19:01 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless we get a good number of cites outside of the Princeton/N.J. area. Keep, evidence provided of larger-scale impact.  Dcarrano 22:45, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonnotable. mikka (t) 6 July 2005 22:55 (UTC)
 * Delete nonnotable about someone who apparently won't even get a criminal conviction to wave around the notability room. Also had little or no impact outside the immediate locality. -Splash 7 July 2005 00:09 (UTC)
 * It's been pointed out that the upset was wide than just his locality. True, but he still isn't a criminal for it (even though he plainly ought to be, IMHO) and this erases the notability of his acts. Non-criminal misbehaviour is non-notable. My vote stands. -Splash 7 July 2005 16:49 (UTC)
 * Comment "Pleading guilty" in order to enter an intervention program establishes same level of guilt as being "found guilty", you're guilty nonetheless Howee

 * Delete I don't see the notability of this man. Redwolf24 7 July 2005 04:56 (UTC)

 * San Francisco
 * Non-princeton blog, refers to New York Post article
 * Asian Week article (appears to be the San Francisco area)
 * Non-Princeton blog, calls for action against the D.A.'s office it seems
 * Cornell Student's blog, refers to (probably the same) N.Y. Post article.

 * Comment This is just a selection of the Googlings I turned up. I do very much hope this counts as a "good number of cites outside the Princeton/N.J. area," and in light of looking all of this up I have expanded the article a good bit. Sirmob 7 July 2005 04:11 (UTC)

 * Plus the item made its way into News of the Weird, a nationally syndicated column.

Let me try to illustrate the shock of this story and why it reverberated further out than the campus. There are 6500 total students at Princeton. Half, 3250 are females, and 10% of that number forms the Asian female population. The man was involved in 50-60 lewd acts. An entire ethnic body nearly systematically targeted! This was a petty pervert but he pulled off an intimidating feat. You can imagine why Asians far from Princeton reacted to this as a shocking hate crime. lots of issues | leave me a message 7 July 2005 05:56 (UTC)

 * Delete until he becomes a real criminal. Alternatively move it to Wikinews.--nixie 7 July 2005 06:18 (UTC)
 * Delete until notability established. JamesBurns 7 July 2005 09:09 (UTC)
 * Delete - this is not a list of criminals A curate's egg 7 July 2005 15:43 (UTC)
 * Comment The man "pled guilty", establishing criminal status, and the case was covered widely by national media outlets, a pretty good indication of notability

carmeld1 06:36, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This case received a great deal of attention. Pburka 9 July 2005 17:12 (UTC)
 * Delete Notability beyond local community/ethnic minority not established. This story will likely see whatever little notoriety it's achieved vanish whether or not he's ever convicted. But certainly until he's convicted this is just a story of local/special interest group interest only.
 * I had promised myself I was going to stop commenting on this VfD, I apologize - But is it really a legitimate critera to say that something that is only shown to be important to Asians is unimportant to Wikipedia? Sirmob 13:00, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep! Notability to any ethnic group is indeed notable to MANY readers of Wikipedia. -Uris 04:23, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep I'm more than a little disturbed to see comments from some people saying that this Lohman story is not notable beyond "an ethnic minority".  In my opinion, some of you are basically saying that because his actions only affected non-Caucasians, it doesn't matter.  And I'm sorry, but that attitude is verging on being racist. Maybe that's not what you meant, but it sure sounds like it to me. As for this story only being a "local community" (i.e, Princeton University) story, that is clearly not the case.  The story attracted a lot of attention from nationwide press, as others have already pointed out.  In addition to the ones already listed above, here's a few more.
 * Boston Globe
 * Lousiana State University student newspaper

 * The Advocate, Baton Rouge daily newspaper

 * Claremont College newspaper

 * Yale Daily News

 * Blog discussing the Lohman story.

 * Another blog discussion

 * Yet another blog that mentions the story.

 * Another blog (all the rest that follow are also blogs of one kind or another)

 *

 *

 *

 *

 *

 *

Clearly this news article caught the attention of a lot of people beyond just Princeton. I don't think it's valid to say that he is not notable or notorious.

 * Keep The main arguments for deletion seem to center on three issues: 1) the lack of a criminal conviction 2) the lack relevance to a non-Asian American (e.g. Caucasian) audience and 3) and the lack of national notability. I think if we examine each issue, it becomes clear there is insufficient cause to delete this article.
 * 1. lack of a criminal conviction
 * this does not seem to be a particularly useful criteria for notability
 * for example, OJ Simpson wasn't convicted of a crime
 * 2. lack of relevance to a non-Asian American audience
 * as pointed out above, even if the story was only of interest to Asians/Asian Americans (highly unlikely given the number of stories in non-ethnic, mainstream press e.g. Boston Globe, NY Post, ABC News, college publications, etc.), there are plenty of Asian and Asian American users of Wikipedia
 * 3. lack of national notability
 * as noted above, media coverage was not isolated to local, or even regional outlets, but included national outlets
 * Howee 00:43, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment BTW, Google search for ""Michael Lohman" +princeton" produces 250+ results. I'm new to Wikipedia, but I just read over the guidelines for VfD. Based on the "Google test", the lack of a clear consensus, and the principle of keeping articles when in doubt, it seems that there isn't sufficient evidence/support to justify deletion. Also, it sems that this VfD process has gone on quite a lot longer than it should (5 days). It would be great if an admin could please remove VfD notice. Does anyone know how to request attention to this effect? Thanks! Howee 03:06, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Arpent

An arpent (, sometimes called arpen) is a unit of length and a unit of area. It is a pre-metric French unit based on the Roman actus. It is used in Quebec, some areas of the United States that were part of French Louisiana, and in Mauritius and the Seychelles.

Etymology
The word arpent is believed to derive from the Late Latin arepennis (equal to half a jugerum), which in turn comes from the Gaulish *are-penno- ("end, extremity of a field").

Unit of length
There were various standard arpents. The most common were the arpent used in North America, which was defined as 180 French feet (pied, of approximately 32.48 cm), and the arpent used in Paris, which was defined as 220 French feet.

 * In North America, 1 arpent = 180 French feet = about 192 English feet = about 58.47 metres
 * In Paris, 1 arpent = 220 French feet = about 234 English feet = about 71.46 metres

Unit of area
Historically, in North America, 1 (square) arpent (arpent carré), also known as a French acre, was 180 French feet × 180 French feet = 32,400 French square feet = about 3419 square metres = about 0.845 English acres. Certain U.S. states have official definitions of the arpent which vary slightly:
 * In Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, the official conversion is 1 arpent = 0.84628 acre.
 * In Arkansas and Missouri, the official conversion is 1 arpent = 0.8507 acre.

In Paris, the square arpent was 220 French feet × 220 French feet = 48,400 French square feet, about 5107 m2.

In Mauritius and Seychelles, an arpent is about 4220.87 square metres, 0.4221 hectares, 1.043 acres.

Louisiana
In Louisiana, parcels of land known as arpent sections or French arpent land grants also pre-date the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), but are treated as PLSS sections. An arpent can mean a linear measurement of approximately 192 ft or an area measurement of about 0.84 acre. The area measurement is also sometimes referred to as an arpent carré (square arpent) or an arpent de surface.

French arpent land divisions are long narrow parcels of land, also called ribbon farms, usually found along the navigable streams of southern Louisiana and along major waterways in other areas. This system of land subdivision was begun by French settlers in the 18th century, according to typical French practice at the time and was continued by both the Spanish and by the American government after the sale of Louisiana. A typical French arpent land division is 2 to 4 arpents wide along the river by 40 to 60 arpents deep, while the Spanish arpent land divisions tend to be 6 to 8 arpents wide by 40 arpents deep. Land grant would typically be specified in terms of arpents de face, referring to the amount of river frontage.

This method of land division provided each land-owner with river frontage as well as land suitable for cultivation and habitation. These areas are given numbers just like standard sections, although the section numbers frequently exceed the normal upper limit of 36.

title: Arpent


text:
Talk:Perodua Myvi

Untitled

 * This article was nominated for deletion on June 10, 2005; the consensus was to keep. For discussion, please see Votes for deletion/Perodua MyVi.

Why should it be deleted? This is a major breakthrough for Perodua. It's a key car for them and this deserves a special article on it compared with other previous mediocore models. --Haniff 06:40, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Please leave such comments on the votes for deletion page which is linked in the notice.WAvegetarian 00:46, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

myvi and savvy different class altogether
i believe the savvy and the myvi cannot directly be compared to one another, even though they were launched almost at the same time. the myvi is a supermini, and the savvy is a compact car. The savvy should compete with the likes of the perodua kelisa, instead. but i guess it's a matter of how you see it

so do you think myvi should compete with Getz? --Haniff 09:02, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Myvi best competitor is, none other than, the Kia Picanto. It's very obvious, their shape are totally alike. Total flat back and mini van type front.

One MAJOR reason Myvi got so much attention is because Perodua is smart in using the world largest Auto company, Toyota, to back them up. Many people buy the car because of the word "Toyota" is involved, worst is even before the car is launched or even seen the car, people already BOOKED it. That's how SERIOUS and how much the word "Toyota" affected the car.

Anyhow, if it were a Toyota car released in SEA, like the Vios/Avanza, then it would really resembles as Mini Avanza, taking off the middle compartment of Avanza, lowering it. The front and back are pretty much similar, perhaps a facelift will do the job. And best of all, both share the same attention.

No doubt, Myvi is still a good looking car despite being back up the name "Toyota".

 * err no, i like it despite knowing nothing of the "Toyota" whatever POS. in fact i dislike "Toyota" >:P but their marketing and product sense is definitely impressive compare to SOME other car makers. imo, P2 is doing well with it because they targeted the market with a product they want: good prices yet provides acceptable quality and support. it is not they are good, just no one else is doing it better. Akinkhoo (talk) 16:01, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

''Toyota own Daihatsu which Daihatsu own Perodua. thats the reason why Perodua rebadge the Daihatsu car, especially the Myvi.

So what the fuss you saying about Perodua using Toyota as marketing? Why don't you say Wira and Saga are using Mitsubishi parts?

If you compare to others Proton car, Myvi offer a better looking and more stylish product. And during the launching of this car, Proton have a very bad reputation of making low quality and outdated car.'' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.50.149.185 (talk) 00:10, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Perodua Myvi. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20091024042234/http://www.theedgemalaysia.com:80/business-news/151851-myvi-tops-initial-quality-for-new-compact-car-survey.html to http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/business-news/151851-myvi-tops-initial-quality-for-new-compact-car-survey.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 14:54, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

Perodua Myvi (M800)
The Perodua Myvi (M800) will be rebadged as a Toyota Passo in 2023. Derwydd74 (talk) 10:01, 24 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Perodua Myvi


text:
Fleabee's Fortune

Fleabee's Fortune is a dark fantasy novel for children by British author Robin Jarvis. It is the first book in The Deptford Mouselets series, prequels to Jarvis's Deptford Mice trilogy aimed at a slightly younger audience. It was first published in the United Kingdom in 2004. The story is set in the sewers of Deptford and focuses on a rat girl named Fleabee who is unusually kindhearted.

Synopsis
Fleabee, a young rat living in the sewers of Deptford, is unlike others of her kind. She is good-natured and doesn't wish to harm anything. However, the Festival of the First Blood is approaching, a coming-of-age tradition for the rats when they must commit their first murder. If they fail to do so, they will be killed themselves. Even the dark magic of Jupiter, lord of the rats, cannot instill bloodlust in Fleabee.

Though rat culture requires that they be cold and uncaring, Fleabee's mother Klakkweena is secretly concerned for her daughter's safety. She wonders if Fleabee is not meant to follow Jupiter but the Raith Sidhe, the three ancient usurped gods of the rats. Klakkweena surreptitiously takes Fleabee to the fortune-teller Madame Akkikuyu, who agrees that Fleabee should consult Mabb, the goddess of the Raith Sidhe. Akkikuyu gives Fleabee a Mabb Rest, a special pillow used to summon her in dreams. That night, not only does Mabb appear but also 'Orace Baldmony, the ghost of a rat who defected from Jupiter and converted to the religion of the benevolent Green Mouse. Baldmony tells Fleabee she has a good heart and should resist the evil Mabb. But Fleabee cannot see another way out of her predicament and agrees to become Mabb's new high priestess. When she wakes up, Fleabee finds an amethyst-encrusted dagger on her pillow, a gift from the goddess.

At the Festival of the First Blood, Fleabee keeps wondering what Mabb is going to do to help save her. Then a light appears on the enchanted dagger, and she is led to an ancient temple of the Raith Sidhe hidden deep within the sewers. In it are three altars dedicated to the deities Hobb, Mabb, and Bauchan. Behind the altar of Mabb, Fleabee suddenly hears frightened sobs. A young grey squirrel named Ambrose is hiding there. He was captured that night for the purpose of being a victim for the juvenile rats, and managed to escape from them. Fleabee realises that Mabb intends for her to sacrifice Ambrose on the altar. She refuses, stating that she wouldn't kill for Jupiter and she won't for Mabb either. 'Orace Baldmony's ghost appears and informs Fleabee that she must leave the sewers as soon as possible. After telling her sister Scabmona goodbye, Fleabee escapes with Ambrose to the world above where she plans to start a new life. The epilogue reveals that one day after many years have gone by, Fleabee will return to the sewers and have a final confrontation with the affronted and vengeful Mabb.

Background
In writing this book Jarvis says he "wanted to show life from the rat point of view for a change and had lots of fun with it, especially with Fleabee's sister, the completely horrible Scabmona."

Reception
Dani Colvin of The Sunday Tasmanian called the book "a deliciously, delightfully dark read for ages nine and up" and added that "the characters, though ghastly, are hugely enjoyable and some, most notably Fleabee's mother Klakkweena and sister Scabmona, still manage to be more than one-dimensional."

title: Fleabee's Fortune


text:
Quark model

In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons. The quark model underlies "flavor SU(3)", or the Eightfold Way, the successful classification scheme organizing the large number of lighter hadrons that were being discovered starting in the 1950s and continuing through the 1960s. It received experimental verification beginning in the late 1960s and is a valid and effective classification of them to date. The model was independently proposed by physicists Murray Gell-Mann, who dubbed them "quarks" in a concise paper, and George Zweig, who suggested "aces" in a longer manuscript. André Petermann also touched upon the central ideas from 1963 to 1965, without as much quantitative substantiation. Today, the model has essentially been absorbed as a component of the established quantum field theory of strong and electroweak particle interactions, dubbed the Standard Model.

Hadrons are not really "elementary", and can be regarded as bound states of their "valence quarks" and antiquarks, which give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons. These quantum numbers are labels identifying the hadrons, and are of two kinds. One set comes from the Poincaré symmetry—JPC, where J, P and C stand for the total angular momentum, P-symmetry, and C-symmetry, respectively.

The other set is the flavor quantum numbers such as the isospin, strangeness, charm, and so on. The strong interactions binding the quarks together are insensitive to these quantum numbers, so variation of them leads to systematic mass and coupling relationships among the hadrons in the same flavor multiplet.

All quarks are assigned a baryon number of $1⁄3$. Up, charm and top quarks have an electric charge of +$2⁄3$, while the down, strange, and bottom quarks have an electric charge of −$1⁄3$. Antiquarks have the opposite quantum numbers. Quarks are spin-$1⁄2$ particles, and thus fermions. Each quark or antiquark obeys the Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula individually, so any additive assembly of them will as well.

Mesons are made of a valence quark–antiquark pair (thus have a baryon number of 0), while baryons are made of three quarks (thus have a baryon number of 1). This article discusses the quark model for the up, down, and strange flavors of quark (which form an approximate flavor SU(3) symmetry). There are generalizations to larger number of flavors.

History
Developing classification schemes for hadrons became a timely question after new experimental techniques uncovered so many of them that it became clear that they could not all be elementary. These discoveries led Wolfgang Pauli to exclaim "Had I foreseen that, I would have gone into botany." and Enrico Fermi to advise his student Leon Lederman: "Young man, if I could remember the names of these particles, I would have been a botanist." These new schemes earned Nobel prizes for experimental particle physicists, including Luis Alvarez, who was at the forefront of many of these developments. Constructing hadrons as bound states of fewer constituents would thus organize the "zoo" at hand. Several early proposals, such as the ones by Enrico Fermi and Chen-Ning Yang (1949), and the Sakata model (1956), ended up satisfactorily covering the mesons, but failed with baryons, and so were unable to explain all the data.

The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula, developed by Murray Gell-Mann and Kazuhiko Nishijima, led to the Eightfold Way classification, invented by Gell-Mann, with important independent contributions from Yuval Ne'eman, in 1961. The hadrons were organized into SU(3) representation multiplets, octets and decuplets, of roughly the same mass, due to the strong interactions; and smaller mass differences linked to the flavor quantum numbers, invisible to the strong interactions. The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula systematized the quantification of these small mass differences among members of a hadronic multiplet, controlled by the explicit symmetry breaking of SU(3).

The spin-$3⁄2$ baryon, a member of the ground-state decuplet, was a crucial prediction of that classification. After it was discovered in an experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Gell-Mann received a Nobel prize in physics for his work on the Eightfold Way, in 1969.

Finally, in 1964, Gell-Mann and George Zweig, discerned independently what the Eightfold Way picture encodes: They posited three elementary fermionic constituents—the "up", "down", and "strange" quarks—which are unobserved, and possibly unobservable in a free form. Simple pairwise or triplet combinations of these three constituents and their antiparticles underlie and elegantly encode the Eightfold Way classification, in an economical, tight structure, resulting in further simplicity. Hadronic mass differences were now linked to the different masses of the constituent quarks.

It would take about a decade for the unexpected nature—and physical reality—of these quarks to be appreciated more fully (See Quarks). Counter-intuitively, they cannot ever be observed in isolation (color confinement), but instead always combine with other quarks to form full hadrons, which then furnish ample indirect information on the trapped quarks themselves. Conversely, the quarks serve in the definition of quantum chromodynamics, the fundamental theory fully describing the strong interactions; and the Eightfold Way is now understood to be a consequence of the flavor symmetry structure of the lightest three of them.

Mesons
The Eightfold Way classification is named after the following fact: If we take three flavors of quarks, then the quarks lie in the fundamental representation, 3 (called the triplet) of flavor SU(3). The antiquarks lie in the complex conjugate representation $\overline{3}$. The nine states (nonet) made out of a pair can be decomposed into the trivial representation, 1 (called the singlet), and the adjoint representation, 8 (called the octet). The notation for this decomposition is
 * $$\mathbf{3}\otimes \mathbf{\overline{3}} = \mathbf{8} \oplus \mathbf{1} ~.$$

Figure 1 shows the application of this decomposition to the mesons. If the flavor symmetry were exact (as in the limit that only the strong interactions operate, but the electroweak interactions are notionally switched off), then all nine mesons would have the same mass. However, the physical content of the full theory includes consideration of the symmetry breaking induced by the quark mass differences, and considerations of mixing between various multiplets (such as the octet and the singlet).

N.B. Nevertheless, the mass splitting between the and the  is larger than the quark model can accommodate, and  this "– puzzle" has its origin in topological peculiarities of the strong interaction vacuum, such as  instanton configurations.

Mesons are hadrons with zero baryon number. If the quark–antiquark pair are in an orbital angular momentum $L$ state, and have spin $S$, then
 * $|L − S|$ ≤ J ≤ L + S, where S = 0 or 1,
 * P = (−1)L+1, where the 1 in the exponent arises from the intrinsic parity of the quark–antiquark pair.
 * C = (−1)L+S for mesons which have no flavor. Flavored mesons have indefinite value of C.
 * For isospin I = 1 and 0 states, one can define a new multiplicative quantum number called the G-parity such that G = (−1)I+L+S.

If P = (−1)J, then it follows that S = 1, thus PC = 1. States with these quantum numbers are called natural parity states; while all other quantum numbers are thus called exotic (for example, the state JPC = 0−−).

Baryons

Since quarks are fermions, the spin–statistics theorem implies that the wavefunction of a baryon must be antisymmetric under the exchange of any two quarks. This antisymmetric wavefunction is obtained by making it fully antisymmetric in color, discussed below, and symmetric in flavor, spin and space put together. With three flavors, the decomposition in flavor is $$\mathbf{3}\otimes\mathbf{3}\otimes\mathbf{3}=\mathbf{10}_S\oplus\mathbf{8}_M\oplus\mathbf{8}_M\oplus\mathbf{1}_A ~.$$ The decuplet is symmetric in flavor, the singlet antisymmetric and the two octets have mixed symmetry. The space and spin parts of the states are thereby fixed once the orbital angular momentum is given.

It is sometimes useful to think of the basis states of quarks as the six states of three flavors and two spins per flavor. This approximate symmetry is called spin-flavor SU(6). In terms of this, the decomposition is $$\mathbf{6}\otimes\mathbf{6}\otimes\mathbf{6}=\mathbf{56}_S\oplus\mathbf{70}_M\oplus\mathbf{70}_M\oplus\mathbf{20}_A ~.$$

The 56 states with symmetric combination of spin and flavour decompose under flavor SU(3) into $$\mathbf{56}=\mathbf{10}^\frac{3}{2}\oplus\mathbf{8}^\frac{1}{2} ~,$$ where the superscript denotes the spin, S, of the baryon. Since these states are symmetric in spin and flavor, they should also be symmetric in space—a condition that is easily satisfied by making the orbital angular momentum L = 0. These are the ground-state baryons.

The S = $1⁄2$ octet baryons are the two nucleons, the three Sigmas , the two Xis , and the Lambda. The S = $3⁄2$ decuplet baryons are the four Deltas, three Sigmas , two Xis , and the Omega.

For example, the constituent quark model wavefunction for the proton is $$|\text{p}_\uparrow\rangle= \frac{1}{\sqrt {18}} [ 2| \text{u}_\uparrow \text{d}_\downarrow \text{u}_\uparrow \rangle + 2| \text{u}_\uparrow \text{u}_\uparrow \text{d}_\downarrow \rangle +2| \text{d}_\downarrow \text{u}_\uparrow   \text{u}_\uparrow \rangle - | \text{u}_\uparrow \text{u}_\downarrow \text{d}_\uparrow\rangle  -| \text{u}_\uparrow \text{d}_\uparrow \text{u}_\downarrow\rangle  -| \text{u}_\downarrow \text{d}_\uparrow \text{u}_\uparrow\rangle -| \text{d}_\uparrow \text{u}_\downarrow \text{u}_\uparrow\rangle -| \text{d}_\uparrow  \text{u}_\uparrow \text{u}_\downarrow\rangle  -| \text{u}_\downarrow \text{u}_\uparrow \text{d}_\uparrow\rangle ] ~.$$

Mixing of baryons, mass splittings within and between multiplets, and magnetic moments are some of the other quantities that the model predicts successfully.

The group theory approach described above assumes that the quarks are eight components of a single particle, so the anti-symmetrization applies to all the quarks. A simpler approach is to consider the eight flavored quarks as eight separate, distinguishable, non-identical particles. Then the anti-symmetrization applies only to two identical quarks (like uu, for instance). Then, the proton wavefunction can be written in a simpler form:
 * $$\text{p}\left(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{\text{u}\text{u}\text{d}}{\sqrt{6}}[2\uparrow\uparrow\downarrow-\uparrow\downarrow\uparrow-\downarrow\uparrow\uparrow] $$

and the
 * $$\Delta^{+}\left(\frac{3}{3},\frac{3}{2}\right)=\text{u}\text{u}\text{d}[\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow] ~.$$

If quark–quark interactions are limited to two-body interactions, then all the successful quark model predictions, including sum rules for baryon masses and magnetic moments, can be derived.

Discovery of color
Color quantum numbers are the characteristic charges of the strong force, and are completely uninvolved in electroweak interactions. They were discovered as a consequence of the quark model classification, when it was appreciated that the spin S = $1⁄2$ baryon, the, required three up quarks with parallel spins and vanishing orbital angular momentum. Therefore, it could not have an antisymmetric wavefunction, (required by the Pauli exclusion principle). Oscar Greenberg noted this problem in 1964, suggesting that quarks should be para-fermions.

Instead, six months later, Moo-Young Han and Yoichiro Nambu suggested the existence of a hidden degree of freedom, they labeled as the group SU(3)' (but later called 'color). This led to three triplets of quarks whose wavefunction was anti-symmetric in the color degree of freedom. Flavor and color were intertwined in that model: they did not commute.

The modern concept of color completely commuting with all other charges and providing the strong force charge was articulated in 1973, by William Bardeen, Harald Fritzsch, and Murray Gell-Mann.

States outside the quark model
While the quark model is derivable from the theory of quantum chromodynamics, the structure of hadrons is more complicated than this model allows. The full quantum mechanical wavefunction of any hadron must include virtual quark pairs as well as virtual gluons, and allows for a variety of mixings. There may be hadrons which lie outside the quark model. Among these are the glueballs (which contain only valence gluons), hybrids (which contain valence quarks as well as gluons) and exotic hadrons (such as tetraquarks or pentaquarks).

title: Quark model


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Talk:Giovanni Ambrogio Figino

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See also Image:Gerolamo Figino.jpg. Lupo 06:43, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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The Dark Portal

The Dark Portal is a dark fantasy novel for children by British author Robin Jarvis. The first book in The Deptford Mice trilogy and Jarvis's debut novel, it follows the story of Audrey Brown, a mouse girl who is looking for her missing father. Her search takes her into the sewers of Deptford where, with the help of her friends and family, she must face an army of evil rats and their living god, a mysterious being known as Jupiter.

The book was first published in the United Kingdom by Macdonald & Company in 1989, and was a runner-up for that year's Nestlé Smarties Book Prize. In 2000, it was published by SeaStar Books in the United States and given the Booklist Editors' Choice designation.

In March 2024, Pushkin Children's Books reissued The Dark Portal in paperback and ebook formats. The text was given "a thorough dusting" and new illustrations were done by Jarvis.

Plot
A community of mice lives an idyllic existence in an old empty house in the London borough of Deptford. The only problem they have is a fear of the vicious rats in the sewers below who worship a mysterious living god called Jupiter. No one has ever seen Jupiter, not even his subjects, and rumours abound as to who or what he truly is. One mouse named Albert Brown is drawn into the sewers by dark enchantments on the grill in the house's basement. He meets a young city mouse named Piccadilly who is also lost and the two quickly become friends. After hours of wandering they find themselves in the altar chamber of Jupiter. Whilst eavesdropping on a conversation between the evil being and his rat lieutenant, Morgan, Albert is captured and taken away to be killed by Jupiter. Unable to save himself, he tells Piccadilly to run for his life.

The next morning is the Great Spring Celebration, an important holiday for the mice when those who have come of age are given mousebrasses, magical talismans that help guide them through their lives. This year Albert's children Arthur and Audrey will receive theirs, but Audrey is too preoccupied with thoughts of her missing father to be excited about the festivities. When Audrey goes to get her mousebrass, she is shocked to encounter the Green Mouse, a benevolent deity worshipped by the mice, who personally hands her a pendant known as the Anti-Cat Charm. Her family is doubtful when Audrey tells them about her experience, but do wonder at the mousebrass she received. The Anti-Cat Charm is rarely given out as cats are never seen in the area. That night, Audrey slips into the sewers to visit a rat fortune teller named Madame Akkikuyu, hoping she can tell her where her father is. However, the mouse soon determines that Akkikuyu is a fraud and angrily leaves. On her way back through the sewers Audrey meets Piccadilly. When he learns she is the daughter of Albert, Piccadilly presents the latter's mousebrass which had been entrusted to him. Gently, he tries to tell Audrey that Albert is likely dead, but she refuses to believe him and calls him a coward for abandoning her father when he needed aid. Arthur and his friends the albino mouse Oswald and fieldmouse Twit enter the sewers to search for the missing Audrey, eventually finding her and Piccadilly after they all fight off a gang of rats.

The group returns to the house and Audrey's mother Gwen is given Albert's mousebrass. Upon hearing Piccadilly's story, she stoically accepts her husband's death and makes her children promise never to enter the sewers again. This becomes a problem when Audrey realises her own mousebrass is missing and guesses it was lost during her trip to the sewers. Knowing that she must get it back because the Green Mouse told her to keep it always, she asks Oswald to look for it with his dowsing rod, also goading Piccadilly into accompanying him to prove he is not a coward. Waiting at the grill for them to return and regretting her callous treatment of Piccadilly, Audrey is kidnapped by rats sent by Jupiter, who is concerned about a prophecy he heard that the girl will defeat him. Meanwhile, Piccadilly and Oswald come across some sleeping rats, one of whom has Audrey's mousebrass. They quietly remove it, but just then the rats begin waking up. Promising to bring help, Piccadilly is able to get away, but Oswald finds himself having to pose as a rat to avoid detection. In doing so, he learns that Jupiter has been planning to unleash the Black Death on the world once more, which will rid it of humans and enable him to conquer it.

Audrey is taken to Jupiter's altar chamber, where she has a tense confrontation with the malevolent deity, who emerges from his dark lair for the first time in hundreds of years to reveal himself as a hideous giant cat. A group of mice including Piccadilly, Arthur, Gwen, Twit, and grizzled seafarer Thomas Triton show up in the altar chamber to battle Jupiter as well. Oswald appears from a nearby tunnel and returns Audrey's Anti-Cat Charm to her, which she then throws at Jupiter. The evil cat is dazzled by brilliant green flames that explode from the mousebrass, losing his balance and falling into the water rapidly flooding his chamber. The spirits of the many mice and rats he has tortured and devoured then rise up and drag Jupiter down to a watery grave. Audrey glimpses her father among the legion of spirits as they depart and despairs before finally accepting his death. The sewer floods and the Black Death is destroyed. Thankful that they are alive, and resolving to celebrate Jupiter's downfall once they return home, the mice begin the journey back to the surface.

Main characters

 * Audrey Brown is a spunky, intelligent mouse girl with a sharp tongue that often gets her into trouble. She loves to daydream and enjoys dressing up in lacy outfits and wearing ribbons in her hair. When her father goes missing, she refuses to believe he is dead and sets out to find him.
 * Arthur Brown is the brother of Audrey, a plump, jolly mouse who often becomes irritated by his sister's saucy attitude and tendency to seemingly dream up wild, fantastic stories. Jarvis has indicated that he based the character of Arthur on himself.
 * Piccadilly is a cheeky and independent young grey mouse from the city who speaks with a Cockney accent. He is an orphan whose parents were killed by an underground train. While on a foraging expedition, he becomes lost in the sewers where he encounters Albert Brown. When the two stumble upon the altar chamber of Jupiter, Albert is captured while Piccadilly barely escapes with his life. He eventually meets up with Audrey, who blames him for abandoning her father.
 * William 'Twit' Scuttle is a kindhearted country mouse who is the cousin of Oswald Chitter. The result of a forbidden union between a house mouse and a field mouse, he is viewed by most as a simpleton with "no cheese upstairs".
 * Oswald Chitter is a frail albino mouse whose mother fusses over him. Because of how tall and awkward he is, to his chagrin he is sometimes mistaken for a rat. He has the ability to find lost objects with a divining rod.
 * Thomas Triton is a retired midshipmouse who makes his home aboard the Cutty Sark. He befriends Twit when the latter is unexpectedly dropped onto the ship by the bats Orfeo and Eldritch.
 * Jupiter is a mysterious evil being worshipped as a living god by the rats in the sewers of Deptford. He lives in a shadowy portal and no one has ever seen any more of him than his blazing red eyes.
 * Morgan is a cruel piebald Cornish rat who serves as Jupiter's loyal lieutenant.
 * Madame Akkikuyu is a black rat from Morocco who travels around posing as a fortune teller. Though she lacks true magical powers, she has always longed to possess them.
 * Orfeo and Eldritch are bat brothers who can see into the future. The problem is that they intentionally make their visions as vague as possible so no one can interpret them until the events actually happen.
 * Albert Brown is the father of Audrey and Arthur. A strange force compels him to enter the sewers where he meets a horrible end at the claws of Jupiter. His disappearance sets the story in motion.
 * The Green Mouse is the benevolent deity worshipped by the mice. A rodent version of the mythical Green Man, he is the essence of nature and all growing things. His power is strongest in the spring and dies completely in the winter.

Background
Jarvis came up with the idea for The Deptford Mice trilogy while working as a model-maker for television programmes and commercials. He had been designing a big, furry alien but decided to take a break and draw something small. That something was a mouse who would become the character Oswald Chitter. Jarvis continued to doodle mice, and when a friend of his saw the sketches, he suggested they be sent to a publisher. The publisher responded positively and asked if there was a story to accompany the drawings. At the time there wasn't one, but Jarvis then wrote the story of The Deptford Mice. He had originally envisioned it as a picture book, but it became a 70,000 word manuscript. When Jarvis's editor told him that the manuscript could make a trilogy due to its long length, he went away and cut it, and then came up with more ideas for the second and third books.

Reception
The Dark Portal has been praised as "a tale of horror and valor, good and evil, leavened with humor." A starred review from Publishers Weekly called the book a "spooky and enthralling animal fantasy just right for Redwall fans" and added that Jarvis "provides counterpoint to the heart-racing adventure with scenes of haunting beauty, including Audrey's mystical encounter with the Green Mouse and the country mouse Twit's nocturnal flight over London. The author conveys a sense of place powerful enough to elevate the South London boroughs of Greenwich and Blackheath to requisite stops on any bookish child's literary tour of the British capital." Deirdre B. Root of Kliatt found The Dark Portal to be "entertaining and genuinely frightening." According to Patty Campbell of The Horn Book Magazine, "as publishers jockey for position in the 'what do I read after H[arry] P[otter]?' fantasy sweepstakes, only one new series has emerged as a serious contender, Robin Jarvis's saga of the Deptford mice, The Dark Portal." The book also received a positive review in The Sacramento Bee stating that "this fast-paced suspense tale is all heart in its gripping story of good vs. evil and life-threatening confrontations beneath the streets of London."

Lloyd Alexander called The Dark Portal "a grand-scale epic" that is "filled with high drama, suspense, and some genuine terror", while Madeleine L'Engle said that "Robin Jarvis joins the ranks of Kenneth Grahame, Richard Adams, and Walter Wangerin in the creation of wonderfully anthropomorphic animals. Audrey and Arthur Brown tell us a lot about ourselves." Peter Glassman, owner of the New York City children's bookstore Books of Wonder, obtained a copy of The Dark Portal while on a trip to London. He greatly enjoyed it and would now and then come across others who had as well. The author of The Outsiders, S. E. Hinton, once told Glassman that The Deptford Mice novels became her son's favorites after finding them in Britain, but she could not understand why they were not yet available in the United States. Glassman would eventually obtain the rights for his company, SeaStar Books, to publish the trilogy and make it more readily available to American readers.

Cancelled film
In the mid-1990s, there were plans for Jim Henson Pictures to make a film adaptation of The Deptford Mice, which would be based on the story of The Dark Portal and feature animatronic puppets. The project was ultimately abandoned for reasons unknown.

Theatre
In 2010 London-based theatre company Tiny Dog Productions created the first official stage production of The Dark Portal under licence from Robin Jarvis. After successful preview showings at The Space Theatre, London.; the production was again performed in April 2011 at the New Wimbledon Theatre.

title: The Dark Portal