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John Stewart (character)

John Stewart, one of the characters known as Green Lantern, is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by Dennis O'Neil and Neal Adams, and first appeared in Green Lantern (Volume 2) #87 (December 1971/January 1972). Stewart's original design was based on actor Sidney Poitier and was the first African-American superhero to appear in DC Comics.

In animation, the character has been voiced by Phil LaMarr in the DC Animated Universe (DCAU). Wayne T. Carr was cast as John Stewart in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) director's cut Zack Snyder's Justice League (2021), although his scenes were cut from the initial release of the film. John Stewart will appear in the upcoming series Lanterns.

Publication history
John Stewart debuted in Green Lantern vol. 2 #87 (December 1971/January 1972) when artist Neal Adams came up with the idea of a substitute Green Lantern. The decision to make the character African American-descent resulted from a conversation between Adams and editor Julius Schwartz, in which Adams recounts saying that given the racial makeup of the world's population, "we ought to have a black Green Lantern, not because we’re liberals, but because it just makes sense." The character was DC's Third superhero of African ancestry.

John Stewart has become a major recurring character in the Green Lantern mythos within the DC Universe. He became the primary character of Green Lantern vol. 2 from issues #182 through #200, when Hal Jordan relinquished his place in the Green Lantern Corps (1984–1986). He continued to star in the book when the title changed to The Green Lantern Corps from issue #201 to #224 (1986–1988). He would continue to make key appearances in Action Comics Weekly after The Green Lantern Corps' cancellation (1988). He starred in the comic Green Lantern: Mosaic, which DC spun out of Green Lantern vol. 3, with a four-part storyline titled "Mosaic" (issues #14–17). DC published 18 issues of the ongoing Green Lantern: Mosaic title between June 1992 and November 1993.

John Stewart was featured as one of the lead characters on the television cartoon Justice League from 2001 until 2004. He continued to appear as a major character on the show's 2004–2006 sequel, Justice League Unlimited. In 2011, John Stewart starred in the New 52 relaunch of Green Lantern Corps alongside Guy Gardner, and became the sole lead character of the title from 2013 until the series' conclusion in 2015. Green Lantern Corps was replaced by Green Lantern: The Lost Army, which also stars John Stewart as the lead. In November 2022, it was announced, as a part of the Dawn of DC relaunch, Stewart would star in a new miniseries entitled Green Lantern: John Stewart, written by Philp Kennedy Johnson and illustrated by Osvaldo Montos.

Early years
John Stewart is an architect, later "retconned" into a veteran U.S. Marine from Detroit, Michigan, who was selected by the Guardians as a backup Green Lantern to then-current Green Lantern Hal Jordan after the previous backup, Guy Gardner, was seriously injured after getting hit by a car while trying to save a civilian. Although Jordan objected to the decision after seeing that Stewart had a belligerent attitude to authority figures, the Guardians stood by their decision and chided Jordan for his supposed bigoted outlook on the issue. Jordan explained that he just felt that even though Stewart might have the integrity for the task, he "obviously would have a chip on his shoulder bigger than the rock of Gibraltar."

Jordan's opinion was that Stewart's first mission began badly. His assignment was to protect a racist politician, and Stewart, while averting an accident, took advantage of the situation to embarrass Jordan in the process. When an assassin shoots at the politician, Stewart does not intervene with Jordan in response to the attack, which initially makes Stewart seem suspect. However, it turns out Stewart had good reasons for this apparent dereliction of duty because he was stopping a gunman from killing a police officer in the outside parking lot at the event while Jordan was pursuing a decoy. When Jordan confronts Stewart about his actions, Stewart explains that the politician had staged the attack for political advantage. Jordan then concludes that Stewart was an excellent recruit and has proven his worth.

For some time, Stewart occasionally filled in as Green Lantern when Jordan was unavailable, including for some missions of the Justice League.

After Jordan gave up being Green Lantern in the 1980s, the Guardians selected Stewart for full-time duty. Stewart filled that role for some years. During that period he worked as an architect at Ferris Aircraft Company, battled many Green Lantern villains, and fought against the Anti-Monitor's forces during the Crisis on Infinite Earths. John was trained in usage of his power ring by Katma Tui, the Green Lantern of the planet Korugar. The duo went on many adventures together and eventually fell in love. Kat and John went on to serve within the Green Lantern Corps of Earth alongside Hal Jordan, Arisia, Kilowog, Salaak, and other alien Green Lanterns, during which time they were married.

After John's ring was rendered powerless through the schemes of Sinestro, and Katma Tui was murdered at the hands of the insane Star Sapphire, Stewart's life began to unravel. First, he was falsely accused of killing Carol Ferris, Star Sapphire's alter ego, and then falsely accused of theft by South Nambia (a fictional nation within the DC universe similar to apartheid-era South Africa). Jailed and tortured in South Nambia for weeks, John freed himself with his old ring, now re-powered thanks to the efforts of Hal Jordan. In his escape, John inadvertently frees both a serial killer and a terrorist. When Jordan confronts John over his actions, the two friends come to blows until John realizes the "revolutionaries" he had been aiding intended to murder innocent civilians.

Cosmic Odyssey
Afterwards, John left Earth for space, where he participated in the Cosmic Odyssey miniseries event, and failed to prevent the destruction of the planet Xanshi by an avatar of the Anti-Life Equation. The incident earned him the ire of J’onn J’onzz the Martian Manhunter, who was with him at the time. This series of tragedies left John a shattered man on the brink of suicide and created the villainess known as Fatality. J'onn J'onzz has since, at least civilly, forgiven him.

Green Lantern: Mosaic
John finally forgave himself for his past mistakes and grew into a stronger, more complex hero when he became the caretaker of the "Mosaic World", a patchwork of communities from multiple planets that had been brought to Oa by an insane Guardian who had invaded John's mind. Although bitter and sullen at his assignment at first, he overcame this and, using his formidable intellect and talent for unconventional thinking, Stewart forged the Mosaic into a new society and eventually became the first mortal Guardian of the Universe, known as the Master Builder. As his reward for this new level of awareness, John was reunited with his late wife, Katma Tui. However, tragedy struck once again and Hal Jordan, possessed by Parallax, destroyed both the Guardians and the Central Power Battery, robbing John of his newfound powers and his resurrected wife.

Darkstars and beyond
Following "Emerald Twilight" and the collapse of the Green Lantern Corps, Stewart was recruited by the Controllers to command the Darkstars, another interstellar peacekeeping force. Using the new resources at his command, Stewart evacuated the Mosaic cities from Oa prior to its destruction and served the Darkstars with distinction until he was crippled in battle with Grayven on the planet Rann. Stewart eventually regained the use of his legs as a parting gift from Jordan before Jordan sacrificed himself to destroy the Sun-Eater during the 1996 "The Final Night" storyline. As a result of Jordan healing him, he began to exhibit random bursts of energy from his hands that he was able to discharge on three different occasions. Though he had initially refused a new Green Lantern ring months prior, he eventually accepted a new one entrusted to Kyle Rayner by a time-lost Hal Jordan, and joined the Justice League to fill in for Rayner as he took an extended leave of absence from Earth.

Green Lantern: Rebirth
With the return of Hal Jordan and the Guardians, the Corps has been reorganized. Each sector of space now has two Green Lanterns assigned to it, and Stewart and Jordan now share regular duty for Earth's sector, 2814. After the dissolution of the Justice League in the aftermath of the 2004 miniseries Identity Crisis, and the destruction of their Watchtower headquarters on the moon, Stewart has begun playing a larger role in metahuman affairs, working with many former Justice Leaguers.

During the "52" storyline, John Stewart alongside Hal Jordan are involved in one of the first post-Freedom of Power Treaty confrontations. After a battle with the Great Ten and Black Adam, John and Hal are escorted to Russian airspace by the Rocket Red Brigade.

During the opening One Year Later storyline of Green Lantern, Hal Jordan tells Green Arrow that John Stewart is on an off-world undercover mission. The details John Stewart disguised himself as the bounty hunter "Hunger Dog" to undercover in Europe. When John hears that Hal Jordan is being held captive by Amon Sur and Loragg, he goes off to rescue him. This led to a confrontation with Amon Sur, who turns out to be the son of their predecessor, Abin Sur. During the fight, Amon receives a ring from the Sinestro Corps and vanishes.

In Justice League of America vol. 2, #7, he and Wonder Woman designed one of the League's new headquarters, The Hall. John later resumes his role as the League's resident Green Lantern upon Hal Jordan's request.

Sinestro Corps War
In the Green Lantern: Sinestro Corps Special, the Green Lantern Corps are attacked by Bedovian, the sniper of the Sinestro Corps, who is capable of taking out a target from three sectors away, all from the inside of a red Sun-Eater. After Bedovian takes out several Green Lanterns, John Stewart uses his power ring as a scoped sniper rifle to track the nearby sectors. He eventually discovers Bedovian's hiding spot and shoots him. As Green Lantern Corps member were forbidden from killing sentient beings at that time, Bedovian survived the attack, as recently seen in the Blackest Night crossover. John and Guy Gardner are captured by Lyssa Drak and taken back to Qward, where the two Lanterns are held captive. Hal manages to defeat Lyssa and free John and Guy from their nightmares, while the Lost Lanterns recover Ion. The earth-based Lanterns then return home, only to find that New Earth, as the center of the Multiverse, is the Sinestro Corps' next target.

The Sinestro Corps and the Manhunters invade Earth. The Cyborg Superman and Superboy-Prime attack Superman, while Hal confronts Parallax, who has possessed Kyle Rayner, just before the latter is about to kill Hal's family. John orders Guy to retrieve a painting by Kyle Rayner's mother. When Parallax absorbs Hal inside himself, John looks on with sudden shock. Guy returns and shoves the painting into Parallax's eyesight, allowing Hal to use it to help Kyle overcome his fears and expel Parallax. Now in its original form, Parallax is then contained by Ganthet and Sayd within the Power Batteries of Hal, John, Guy, and Kyle. Ganthet and Sayd then reveal that they are no longer Guardians. Ganthet gives Kyle a new power ring and asks Kyle to become a Green Lantern again, to which he agrees. The four then race off to finish the fight. At Guy Gardner's suggestion, John and the other Lanterns use Warworld as a gigantic grenade, badly wounding the Anti-Monitor, who is then thrown into space by Superboy-Prime.

John Stewart witnessed Guy being infected by the Sinestro Corps member who is a living virus, named Despotellis, and asked Soranik Natu to help Guy. Soranik used the Green Lantern Corps smallpox virus named Leezle Pon, who stops Despotellis. John Stewart was later approached by the Guardians to become one of the Alpha Lanterns, a new division of the Corps devoted to the internal affairs of the Corps. Stewart, desiring more information about the secrecy of the Alpha Lantern program, declined the offer, to the extreme disappointment of the Guardians.

It has also been revealed that John served in the Marine Corps as a sniper prior to becoming an architect. While the idea of John being a Marine veteran was taken from the Justice League cartoon, the sniper angle is a new addition to the character's background. During his time in the Marines, John met the then young Hal Jordan when he was in the Air Force before they both join the Green Lantern Corps.

During the Rage of the Red Lanterns story arc, John Stewart is one of the guards assigned to escort Sinestro to Korugar to face execution. However, the Green Lanterns are ambushed by the Sinestro Corps and then the Red Lantern Corps under Atrocitus. The Green Lanterns are left to die in space after Atrocitus captures Sinestro, but they are saved by Saint Walker of the Blue Lantern Corps. John, however, is infected with the Red Lanterns' rage. Saint Walker conjures up a blue energy construct of Katma Tui, who heals John and calms him by showing him a vision of flying with Katma. John later tells Kilowog that he is going to see Katma again, saying that "the universe said so". In that same issue, Fatality is converted into a Star Sapphire, and orders her ring to locate John Stewart. When she tracks down John, she tells him she forgives him, and kisses him. Before departing, she encourages John to forgive himself for what happened to Xanshi.

Trinity
Stewart appears in the Trinity series. He is the one to first attack the alien creature Konvikt, but when he's on the verge of defeating him, his concentration suddenly snaps, and starts muttering incoherently in binary code. A moment later, he spontaneously generates complex weapons from his body, by means unrelated to his ring. Later, he attempts to overexert himself to know how he generated those weapons by running a brutal training session against holographic Qwardian Thunderers, which does not work. He later shows Firestorm the machinery used to monitor the Cosmic Egg imprisoning Krona, but as he leaves again, he suffers from a relapse and start generating knives from his uniform, and it is revealed the entire system is broken.

Later, on board the Antimatter Earth Crime Syndicate satellite, he again loses control and nearly brings down the satellite with his blasts. It is revealed these discharges are brought about due to John's absorption of a Qwardian superweapon, the Void Hound, which has been trying to escape its containment, or at least seize control of Stewart. After the sweeping, devastating effects of the spell engineered by Morgaine le Fey and Enigma, he is seen in an Earth under the control of a totalitarian Justice Society, where all Green Lanterns are forbidden to be. He eventually starts breaking down, and with the Void Hound gaining enough hold on him to force him to create a black hole which forces him back to Earth, he has no choice but to comply. The Void Hound is later revealed to be a servant of Krona, and its hold over John is broken when Krona is defeated.

Worlds Collide
After a massive battle between the JLA and the Shadow Cabinet, John chooses to stay with the League despite many of its members choosing to leave. After Kimiyo Hoshi goes missing while tracking down Shadow Thief, John blackmails the armored vigilante Hardware into helping the team track her down. The League arrives in the Himalayas, discovering Kimiyo and Superman's friend Icon engaged in a fierce battle with the cosmic vampire known as Starbreaker. The JLA defeats Starbreaker, and John takes a leave of absence to go to Xanshi.

Blackest Night
When John visits the grave of planet Xanshi, thousands of black rings fly into the planetary debris, and reconstitute the entire planet. Xanshi itself then speaks to John, telling him "I can help you save them." Against his better judgment, John descends to the planet's surface. Once reaching the surface, John finds himself confronted by Katma Tui and the entire population of Xanshi as Black Lanterns. While battling them all, Katma tries to weaken John by claiming that he caused the planet's destruction. However, John, spurred on by Fatality's words, says that he wasn't the cause of it all and successfully fights off the Black Lanterns. After escaping Xanshi's atmosphere, John realises that the planet is headed for Earth, along with every Black Lantern in the universe, and contacts Hal, warning him of the impending threat. Later, John is saved by combined efforts of the various Lanterns corps, who had just arrived to battle the Black Lanterns.

Brightest Day
In the events of Brightest Day, John is seen on Oa, supervising the demolition of the buildings left in ruins after the Black Lanterns attack, and planning the reconstruction. Suddenly, he is called to the Guardians' chamber, where they order him to join Alpha Lantern Boodikka in a mission to robot planet Grenda, Stel's homeworld, where the communications ceased abruptly without explanation, and Lantern Stel and the population are missing. John agrees and departs with Boodikka.

After arriving on the planet, the two confirmed the Guardians report: the entire population has mysteriously disappeared. John asks Boodikka if something of her older self remains despite being turned into an Alpha Lantern, after she asks him why he refused to join the Alpha Lanterns. Boodikka responds that her changes are only physical, and she still has her former personality; John doubts this affirmation. The two discover what seems to be a Green Lantern House Sector, that, according to Boodikka, is not registered. After entering inside, they discovered Green Lanterns Horoq Nnot and Stel; the last one tells John he must flee from the planet immediately. Suddenly, Boodikka turns against John and attacks him; John fights back, but he's surrounded by more rogue Alpha Lanterns and is defeated. It's revealed that the Alpha Lanterns have begun a revolt against the rest of the Corps, and have allied themselves with the Cyborg Superman (now with an Alpha Lantern battery), taking control of Grenda to use the planet as their hidden base to turn Green Lanterns into Alpha Lanterns. John Stewart is last seen wounded and bleeding, being taken to Henshaw by Boodikka. Cyborg Superman then begins the cosmetic surgery to turn John into another Alpha Lantern.

Before starting the operation, however, Henshaw connects Stewart's brain to his memories to see why he was turned into a cyborg. He also reveals to John, that, after being resurrected by the Manhunters after the Sinestro Corps War, he returned to Earth in the middle of the Blackest Night, and pleaded to the Black Lanterns (among them are the former crew of his space shuttle) and Nekron to kill him, only to discover that because he did not have a physical heart, he was invisible to them. Angered for being ignored by death itself, the Cyborg Superman encountered the mysterious hooded stranger who abducted the entities of the Emotional Spectrum. He convinced him that Ganthet has the power and knowledge to turn Alpha Lanterns into normal beings again. John realizes that Henshaw organized the revolt of the Alpha Lanterns with the sole purpose to attract Ganthet to the planet Grenda and forced him to turn Henshaw into a mortal being again. Kyle and Soranik burst into the lab and manage to rescue John, but Ganthet is captured. They hide in a cave, where John informs them about the Cyborg Superman's true plan. They also discover the missing robot inhabitants of the planet, trapped in the depths of the cave by Henshaw. Mounting a defense, they battle against Henshaw and his forces, destroying the cyborg's body. Henshaw leaps into Boodikka's body, but her consciousness manages to defeat his, seemingly destroying him. John later joins Kyle Rayner and Ganthet in a mission to the anti-matter universe to save Soranik Natu.

War of the Green Lanterns
On their return to the matter universe, John and the others are affected by the return of Parallax to the Central Power Battery by Krona. Their previous experience with Parallax allows John, Kyle and Ganthet to escape its control, but they are forced to fight their fellow Green Lanterns. Affected by Parallax's fear powers, John and Kyle are forced to remove their rings and escape through Oa's underground. They then meet up with Guy and Hal, who has the rings of the other corps' leaders. John initially chooses Larfleeze's orange ring, but is convinced by Hal to use Indigo-1's ring instead due to the debilitating effects of the orange ring on the wearer's psyche. When the corrupted Green Lanterns attack, John has difficulty channeling the various corps powers through his ring. Things are made worse when Mogo joins the attack. While Hal and Guy go to remove Parallax from the Central Power Battery, John and Kyle attempt to free Mogo from Krona's control. On the way, John attempts to stop the flow of tainted rings sent by Mogo, but fails. As he and Kyle head for Mogo's core instead, they discover residual Black Lantern energy around it. John absorbs the Black Lantern energy, along with all the Green Lantern energy, and regretfully uses it to destroy Mogo, knowing that they lack the time to heal Mogo before Krona uses it to 'recruit' a wave of reinforcement Green Lanterns. In the fallout, the two regroup with Hal, Guy and Ganthet, using the full power of the emotional spectrum to crack open the Battery and release Parallax. Their job done, the Lanterns regain their original green rings, in preparation for the final confrontation with Krona.

Following the War's conclusion, John assists a new Green Lantern from Sector 282 'selected' during the period when Mogo was under Krona's control in adjusting to the power of her ring despite the possibility that she will not be allowed to keep it by assisting her in halting a war taking place in her sector, the original Lantern for that sector having died during the war. When John is able to help the two sides find a peaceful resolution to their conflict, his new student reflects that, despite John's reputation after destroying two worlds, she now knows that nobody could regret that action more than John himself.

The New 52
After Hal's expulsion and Kyle's departure in The New 52, John joins Guy Gardner and others in investigating recent attacks in a distant sector of space, which are revealed to be the result of an old Guardian experiment. At one point, John is forced to kill Kirrt Kallak, another Lantern who was about to give in to torture and reveal the access codes to the Oan defence network. John is approached by the Alpha Lantern to arrest him for that murder. He is found guilty for this crime and sentenced to death. However Guy Gardner and other fellow Lanterns free him before the execution, resulting in the destruction of the Alpha Lanterns when the Green Lanterns refuse to allow John to be executed. During the fights, the Alpha Lanterns (revealing to the reader that the Guardians set up these events as part of their plans to destroy the Corps) realize that all the Alpha Lanterns had become dangerously mentally unstable. Alpha Lantern Varix caused a reaction which killed all the Alpha Lanterns, including himself.

During the "Rise of the Third Army" storyline, the Guardians contact John and state that Mogo's remains appear to be moving, The Guardians have come to the conclusion that Mogo is trying to reform and assign John to track it. While tracking the Mogo fragment's destination, he is discovered by Fatality, who is seeking a sundered love in danger. After they find Mogo's pieces – realizing that the endangered love is the male and female elements of Mogo's personality trying to come back together- John figures out that the Guardians want to use Mogo. After the villainous First Lantern is destroyed and the unemotional Guardians are killed off by Sinestro, John begins a relationship with Fatality in-between on Mogo.

After the invasion of Durlans, John discovered that a Durlan impersonated Fatality delectably throughout the months. John defeats the imposter and vows to search for the real Fatality. When John locates and reunites with her on the Durlan prison planet, Fatality attacks him. She revealed to him that the Zamarons had influenced her into becoming a Star Sapphire, forcing her to love him when she actually hated him. After John refuses to fight, Fatality leaves, telling John that he and the Star Sapphires are her enemies leaving John in sorrow.

DC Rebirth
Following the events of "Lost Army" and "Edge of Oblivion" leading to DC Rebirth, John and the rest of the Green Lantern Corps return to their universe and are about to attack Warworld when it is destroyed by Hal Jordan. After meeting up with a previously captured Guy Gardner and newly turned Sinestro Corp leader Soranik Natu and saving the Xudarian homeworld from a joint invasion from Brainiac and Larfleeze, the remains of both corps join forces.

Powers and abilities
As a Green Lantern, John Stewart is semi-invulnerable, capable of projecting hard-light constructions, flight, and utilizing various other abilities through his power ring which are only limited by his imagination and willpower. John's unique combination of military and architecture expertise makes him one of the corps’ most exceptional members.

Unlike other Green Lanterns, John doesn't wear a physical Green Lantern ring. Following an attack by The Legion of Doom, and a confrontation with Sinestro, John has a Green Lantern symbol branded on his finger which allows his body to act as his power ring, with his heart functioning as his power battery. John's physical power ring was destroyed when Sinestro infused him with the Ultraviolet Light of the Invisible Spectrum down to the cellular level. John was able to overcome Umbrax's influence and turned his UV Lantern Corp tattoo ring into a Green Lantern tattoo ring. The full nature and extent of his capabilities are unknown.

 * John Stewart's power ring physiology provides him with the abilities of all other Green Lanterns; flight, semi-invulnerability, energy projection, hard light construct creations, etc.
 * The ring is a weapon of the mind and powered by willpower, therefore it's only limited to the wearer's imagination.
 * Stewart was briefly taught by Ganthet how to reroute his mind to think in the 'language of the spheres', the first language of the universe, to evade telepathic detection by Fernus, the 'Burning Martian' identity of the Martian Manhunter; although the intensity of this method meant that John couldn't use it for more than a minute without burning his mind out, it has never been specified if this means that he cannot use it again after he tapped it to rescue the rest of the League from Fernus, or if he could use it at some future date if enough time has elapsed since his last use of it.
 * Like all Green Lanterns, Stewart's personality affects his ring's creations, giving them a solid, architectural quality. In Green Lantern: Rebirth, Hal Jordan remarks that "everything John builds is solid". He also remarked that Stewart is the best flyer in the Corps.
 * In Green Lantern (vol. 4) #26, it was shown that John's willpower can exceed the limits of the Green Lantern power ring, when he tried to recreate the Xanshi solar system; a feat that had not been depicted before this point.
 * John served as a Sergeant in the United States Marine Corps and was an expert sniper.
 * When he temporarily used Indigo-1's ring as a member of the Indigo Tribe, John was capable of accessing the powers of all Lantern Corps rings in his vicinity, even managing to harness the power of the Black Lantern Corps by drawing on the residual Black Lantern energy around Mogo's core. John is not shown to be significantly affected by the Indigo Ring's mind-altering capabilities, although this could be because he was already capable of feeling compassion.
 * Due to his background in architecture, John's mastery of constructs is unique in comparison to other Lanterns. John is precise and meticulous when using his ring, often building his constructs from the inside out. Every construct is foundationally sound, never hollow, forming every detail, every nut and bolt required for whatever he builds.
 * In Justice League Vol. 4 #15, John demonstrates just how abstract and precise he can be with his ring, creating kryptonite down to the isotopic level. In that same issue, John was able to reach into the body of a Dominantor and block oxygen from reaching their brain, knocking them out.

Following his ascension and absorption of the Godstorm, John is now able to replicate all of his prior Green Lantern abilities without the need of a power ring.

As well as his obvious powers as a Lantern, John has also demonstrated a willingness to kill when he is certain the situation requires it, destroying Mogo to save the universe from the army of Krona-controlled Green Lanterns that Mogo would have created and later killing a fellow Lantern who was about to give in to torture and reveal vital information to their enemies.

Superman: Red Son
John Stewart is a member of the Green Lantern Marine Corps in Superman: Red Son.

Justice
John appeared as a reserve Green Lantern in Justice. The Legion of Doom kidnapped all friends and relatives of the members of the League and mind-controlled the youngest generation of heroes to watch over them. John hadn't got a power ring at his disposal and was captured together with everyone else. Eventually Green Arrow and Black Canary found the place where the Legion's hostages were locked and handed Hal's Power Ring to John. John quickly used the Ring to destroy the mindworms controlling Supergirl, Batgirl, Robin and other young heroes and wipe the knowledge of the League's identities from their enemies' minds. Afterwards he sent the Ring back to Hal when his friend was fighting Sinestro.

Anti-Matter Universe
John, known now as Power Ring, is shown to be a member of the anti-matter universe Crime Syndicate that attempts to kidnap Power Girl in JSA: Classified.

Flashpoint
In the Flashpoint universe, John Stewart was a member of Team 7, an elite unit of soldiers led by Grifter. John and most of his teammates were ultimately killed during a botched attack on a terrorist training camp.

Book of Oa
In the distant future, the Book of Oa shows that John will one day become a United States Senator and marry Fatality.

Television

 * John Stewart appears in a Saturday Night Live sketch inspired by The Death of Superman, portrayed by Tim Meadows.
 * John Stewart appears in series set in the DC Animated Universe (DCAU), voiced by Phil LaMarr:
 * First appearing in Justice League, this version is a former United States Marine and founding member of the eponymous team whose eyes glow green as a side effect of prolonged exposure to his power ring's energy. Additionally, he is able to affect yellow objects. Throughout the series, he forms a relationship with teammate Hawkgirl, though a rift develops between them following the three-part series finale "Starcrossed", and temporarily joins the Easy Company after losing his powers while traveling through time to stop Vandal Savage in the three-part episode "The Savage Time".
 * Additionally, an alternate universe version who became a member of the Justice Lords appears in the two-part episode "A Better World".
 * Stewart makes guest appearances in Static Shock. In the two-part episode "A League of Their Own", he and the League join forces with Static and Gear to defeat Brainiac after he takes over the Watchtower. In the episode "Fallen Hero", Stewart seeks out Static's help after Sinestro steals his power battery and frames him for several crimes.
 * Stewart appears in Justice League Unlimited. As of this series, he has begun dating Vixen, but retains feelings for Hawkgirl and displays a soldier's attitude in his personal life. Additionally, he encounters his and Hawkgirl's future son Rex Stewart / Warhawk while traveling through time to stop Chronos.
 * John Stewart makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in the Duck Dodgers episode "The Green Loontern".
 * John Stewart appears in Young Justice, voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson. This version is a member of the Justice League and Black Lightning's ex-brother-in-law.
 * According to co-developer Giancarlo Volpe, John Stewart was meant to appear in Green Lantern: The Animated Series before its cancellation.
 * John Stewart makes non-speaking cameo appearances in Teen Titans Go!.
 * Elements of John Stewart are incorporated into the Arrowverse character John Diggle, a military veteran who takes a job as Oliver Queen's bodyguard and later the vigilante Spartan. Additionally, Diggle has an estranged stepfather whose surname is Stewart and, as such, refuses to use the name himself.
 * John Stewart makes non-speaking appearances in Harley Quinn as a member of the Justice League.
 * John Stewart will appear in the upcoming series Lanterns.

Film

 * John Stewart was meant to appear in Justice League: Mortal, with the role being originally offered to Columbus Short before Common was ultimately cast in the role. The film would have been developed by Warner Bros. Pictures from a script by Michele and Kieran Mulroney and directed by George Miller. However, the film was pushed back due to the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike and the Australian Film Commission refusing to house filming over tax incentive disagreements. Two years into production, the film was canceled.
 * John Stewart appears in the DC Animated Movie Universe (DCAMU) films Justice League Dark and Justice League Dark: Apokolips War, voiced by Roger Cross. This version is a member of the Justice League until he is killed defending the Green Lantern Corps from Darkseid.
 * John Stewart was intended to appear in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) film Green Lantern Corps, portrayed by Wayne T. Carr.
 * John Stewart appears in Teen Titans Go! To the Movies, voiced by Lil Yachty.
 * The Red Son incarnation of John Stewart appears in Superman: Red Son, voiced again by Phil LaMarr.
 * John Stewart was intended to appear in the DCEU film Zack Snyder's Justice League, portrayed again by Wayne T. Carr, but Warner Bros. Pictures and DC Films denied director Zack Snyder access as it would have conflicted with their plans for him.
 * John Stewart makes a cameo appearance in Space Jam: A New Legacy, portrayed by an uncredited actor.
 * John Stewart appears in Teen Titans Go! & DC Super Hero Girls: Mayhem in the Multiverse, voiced again by Phil LaMarr.
 * John Stewart appears in films set in the Tomorrowverse, voiced by Aldis Hodge. This version is a Medal of Honor recipient who received his ring following Ganthet's death.
 * Stewart appears in Green Lantern: Beware My Power.
 * Stewart appears in Justice League: Crisis on Infinite Earths - Part One.

Video games

 * John Stewart appears as a playable character in Justice League Heroes, voiced by Michael Jai White.
 * John Stewart appears in Justice League: Injustice for All.
 * John Stewart appears in Justice League: Chronicles.
 * John Stewart appears in DC Universe Online, voiced by Ken Thomas.
 * John Stewart appears as a downloadable alternate skin for Hal Jordan in Injustice: Gods Among Us, voiced again by Phil LaMarr.
 * John Stewart appears as a NPC in Young Justice: Legacy, voiced again by Kevin Michael Richardson.
 * John Stewart appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, voiced by Ike Amadi.
 * John Stewart appears as a "premier skin" for Hal Jordan in Injustice 2, voiced again by Phil LaMarr.
 * John Stewart appears as a playable character in Lego DC Super-Villains, voiced by Nyambi Nyambi.
 * John Stewart appears as a playable character in Teen Titans Go! Figure.
 * John Stewart appears in Justice League: Cosmic Chaos, voiced by Terrence C. Carson.
 * John Stewart appears as a boss in Suicide Squad: Kill the Justice League, voiced by Dan White. This version is a member of the Justice League.

Merchandise
John Stewart was considered to receive an action figure in the proposed fourth wave of Kenner Products' "Super Powers Collection". Despite this, he has received figures in other toy lines.

Miscellaneous

 * A hologram of John Stewart appears in Legion of Super Heroes in the 31st Century #6.
 * John Stewart appears in Smallville Season 11 as a detective for the New York Police Department and Clark Kent's mentor.
 * The DCAU incarnation of John Stewart appears in a flashback in the tie-in comic Justice League Beyond. Sometime after the events of Justice League Unlimited, Vixen was murdered by the Shadow Thief on the night Stewart planned to propose to her. While working with Hawkgirl and Adam Strange to avenge Vixen, Stewart kills Shadow Thief, resigns from the Green Lantern Corps, with his ring being passed onto Kai-Ro decades later, and retires from the Justice League. Following these events, he would eventually marry Hawkgirl and give birth to Rex Stewart.
 * John Stewart appears in the Injustice: Gods Among Us prequel comic. Upon learning from the Guardians of the Universe of Superman's growing tyranny and Hal Jordan going rogue, Stewart joins his fellow Corpsmen in apprehending the latter before secretly allowing him to escape, believing Superman has good intentions. Stewart accompanies Jordan in returning to Earth and joining Superman's Regime in enforcing global peace. Seven months later, Guy Gardner attempts to reason with Superman, but the latter breaks his arm. Seeing Superman for the tyrant he has become, Stewart tries to intervene, only to be killed by Sinestro.

Reception
IGN ranked John Stewart as the 55th greatest comic book hero of all time describing him as one of the first dominant African-American heroes in the pages of DC Comics; IGN also stated that John Stewart has gone from "semi-obscurity in the mainstream to absolute recognition" thanks to his starring role in the DCAU.

title: John Stewart (character)


text:
Kilchoman distillery

Kilchoman distillery (pronounced Kil-ho-man) is a distillery that produces single malt Scotch whisky on Islay, an island of the Inner Hebrides. Kilchoman Distillery is in the northwest of the island, close to Machir Bay. Kilchoman was founded by Anthony Wills and remains an independent, family run distillery. It is the smallest on the island but since obtaining Rockside Farm in 2015, is in the process of expanding.

History
The distillery began production in December 2005,   and was the first to be built on Islay since 1908. The distillery uses barley grown on site at Rockside Farm and malted at the distillery, as well as malt from the Port Ellen maltings and releases separate bottlings depending on the source of the grain. It is one of six Scottish distilleries still working with traditional floor-maltings, and is unique in completing all parts of the whisky making process – growing barley, malting, distilling, maturing and bottling – on Islay.

The distillery first filled casks on 14 December 2005 and the distillery began bottling 3-year-old single malt in September 2009. The first Kilchoman, the "Inaugural release" was released in 2009 and the first 100% Islay whisky released in 2011.

The whisky produced by the Port Ellen maltings are peated to the same levels as Ardbeg 50 ppm, while the malt peated on their own floor maltings will be approximately 20 ppm. Since 2023, Kilchoman has been sourcing bourbon casks from Breckenridge Distillery in Colorado. The new supplier has replaced Buffalo Trace, from where Kilchoman has sourced bourbon barrels since 2005. In 2023, the distillery came second in a ranking by Cask Connoisseur of the most popular whisky distilleries.

Bottlings
Kilchoman releases several bottlings.
 * Machir Bay, 46% ABV
 * Loch Gorm, 46% ABV, launched in 2013. The latest bottling from the series was released in 2024.
 * Sanaig, 46% ABV, originally released for the French market – launched worldwide in 2016
 * 100% Islay, 50% ABV – this is the grain-to-glass offering from Kilchoman
 * Kilchoman PX Sherry Cask Matured 2023 - Full Sherry cask maturation limited to 23000 bottles
 * Kilchoman 16 Years - Matured in bourbon and oloroso sherry, the distillery's oldest whisky to date

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kilchoman distillery


text:
Rodrigues (disambiguation)

Rodrigues is an island in the Indian Ocean, administratively part of Mauritius.

Rodrigues may also refer to:

Places

 * Rodrigues Triple Junction, a tectonic triple junction near Rodrigues
 * Rodrigues College, a secondary school on Rodrigues
 * Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues College of Engineering, an engineering institute in Mumbai, India
 * Cândido Rodrigues, a municipality in São Paulo, Brazil

People

 * Rodrigues (surname)
 * Rodrigues (footballer, born 1946), full name José Rodrigues dos Santos, Brazilian footballer
 * Rodrigues (footballer, born 1997), full name Antônio Josenildo Rodrigues de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer
 * Rodrigues Neto (1949–2019), full name José Rodrigues Neto, Brazilian footballer

Other uses

 * Rodrigues solitaire, an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Rodrigues
 * Rodrigues' rotation formula, a vector formula for a rotation in space, given its axis
 * Rodrigues' formula, a mathematical expression

title: Rodrigues (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Casidy05

hey kita you there yeh

title: User talk:Casidy05


text:
David Hayes (sculptor)

David Vincent Hayes (March 15, 1931 – April 9, 2013) was an American sculptor.

Life
Hayes received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Notre Dame in 1953, and a M.F.A. degree from Indiana University in 1955 where he studied with David Smith.

He received a post-doctoral Fulbright Award and a Guggenheim Fellowship. He was a recipient of the Logan Medal of the Arts for Sculpture and an award from the National Institute of Arts and Letters. During his life, he had over 400 exhibitions and his work is included in some 100 institutional collections including those of the Museum of Modern Art and the Guggenheim Museum in New York City.

In 2007, he was conferred an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree by Albertus Magnus College.

Hayes resided in Coventry, Connecticut, where he had 54 acres of land to exhibit his works on the grounds of the David Hayes Sculpture Fields, an open air art museum open to the public. He died of leukemia at his home there on April 9, 2013. He was 82.

In 2021, Hayes' work and grounds were the subject of an hour-long television broadcast shown on some 200 PBS stations nationwide produced by Legacy List with Matt Paxton.

Work in public collections
Source: David Hayes Art Foundation archives

United States

 * Detroit Institute of Arts; Detroit, Michigan
 * Museum of Fine Arts; Houston, Texas
 * University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, Michigan
 * Arizona State University; Tempe, Arizona
 * Carnegie Institute Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 * Fleming Museum, University of Vermont; Burlington, Vermont
 * First National Bank of Chicago; Chicago, Illinois
 * Columbus Museum of Art; Columbus, Ohio
 * University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame, Indiana
 * Indiana University; Bloomington, Indiana
 * Smithsonian American Art Museum; Washington, D.C.
 * George Washington University; Washington, D.C.
 * Wichita State University; Wichita, Kansas
 * Ohio Wesleyan University; Delaware, Ohio
 * Hunter Museum of American Art; Chattanooga, Tennessee
 * Wilbraham & Monson Academy; Wilbraham, Massachusetts
 * Westmoreland Museum of American Art; Greensburg, Pennsylvania
 * Philbrook Museum of Art; Tulsa, Oklahoma
 * Western Michigan University; Kalamazoo, Michigan
 * James A. Michener Art Museum; Doylestown, Pennsylvania
 * Hartwood Acres; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 * University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky
 * Dubuque Museum of Art; Dubuque, Iowa
 * Muscatine Art Center; Muscatine, Iowa

Connecticut

 * Albertus Magnus College; New Haven, Connecticut
 * Fairfield University Art Museum; Fairfield, Connecticut
 * Hartford Public Library; Hartford, Connecticut
 * Hartford Art School; West Hartford, Connecticut
 * Housatonic Museum of Art; Bridgeport, Connecticut
 * Manchester Community College; Manchester, Connecticut
 * New Britain Museum of American Art; New Britain, Connecticut
 * University of Connecticut; Storrs, Connecticut
 * University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington, Connecticut
 * University of Hartford; West Hartford, Connecticut
 * University of New Haven; West Haven, Connecticut
 * Wadsworth Atheneum; Hartford, Connecticut
 * Westminster School; Simsbury, Connecticut
 * William Benton Museum of Art; Storrs, Connecticut

Florida

 * Boca Raton Museum of Art; Boca Raton, Florida
 * Dade County Art Collection; Miami, Florida
 * Frost Art Museum; Miami, Florida
 * Gulf Coast Art Center; Belleair, Florida
 * Lowe Art Museum; Coral Gables, Florida
 * Von Liebig Art Center; Naples, Florida
 * City of Fort Pierce; Fort Pierce, Florida
 * Ringling Museum of Art; Sarasota, Florida
 * Vero Beach Museum of Art; Vero Beach, Florida

Massachusetts

 * Addison Gallery of American Art; Andover, Massachusetts
 * Boston Public Library; Boston, Massachusetts
 * Brockton Art Center, Fuller Memorial; Brockton, Massachusetts
 * DeCordova Museum and Sculpture Park; Lincoln, Massachusetts
 * Fitchburg Art Museum; Fitchburg, Massachusetts
 * Gund Hall, Harvard University; Cambridge, Massachusetts
 * Michele and Donald D'Amour Museum of Fine Arts; Springfield, Massachusetts
 * Williams College Museum of Art; Williamstown, Massachusetts

New Hampshire

 * Currier Museum of Art; Manchester, New Hampshire
 * Dartmouth College; Hanover, New Hampshire

New York

 * Elmira College; Elmira, New York
 * Emerson Gallery, Hamilton College; Clinton, New York
 * Everson Museum of Art; Syracuse, New York
 * Harry Guggenheim Collection, Nassau County Museum of Art; Sands Point, New York
 * National Trust for Historic Preservation, Nelson Rockefeller Collection; Tarrytown, New York
 * Picker Art Gallery, Colgate University; Hamilton, New York
 * University Art Museum, State University of New York; Albany, New York
 * Yager Museum of Art & Culture, Oneonta, New York

New York City

 * Brooklyn Museum; Brooklyn, New York
 * Museum of Modern Art; New York City
 * Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum; New York City
 * Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

Europe

 * De Porceleyne Fles; Delft, Holland, Netherlands
 * Struktuur 68NV; The Hague, Netherlands
 * Musée des Arts Décoratifs; Paris, France

Solo exhibitions
Source: David Hayes Art Foundation archives
 * 2024
 * Vertical Motifs at the Bushnell Plaza; Hartford, Connecticut
 * David Hayes Small Sculpture with curation by Robert Donston, South Windsor Public Library; South Windsor, Connecticut
 * David Hayes Sculpture at the Peacock House Foundation; Fort Pierce, Florida
 * Vantage Points, Sculpture Field Photos, Booth & Dimock Library Gallery; Coventry, Connecticut

 * 2023
 * Selection of Relief Sculpture, Spirol Art Gallery at CT State Quinebaug Valley; Killingly, Connecticut
 * Remarkable Works Exhibition, Greenwood Glassblowing Studio Gallery and School; Riverton, Connecticut
 * Vantage Points, Sculpture Field Photography at the Dye & Bleach House Gallery; Willington, Connecticut
 * Fifteen Sculptures at the Busch Library; Annapolis, Maryland
 * David Hayes | MAN OF STEEL: Selected Works from the Estate of David Hayes, Burgess Modern + Contemporary; Fort Lauderdale, Florida
 * David Hayes Small Sculpture, Boccara Gallery; West Palm Beach, Florida

 * 2022
 * Sculpture in the Circle at the University of Hartford, West Hartford, Connecticut

 * 2021
 * You Gotta Have Art, a Legacy List with Matt Paxton hour-long documentary broadcast nationally on PBS
 * David Hayes Outdoor Museum; Annapolis, Maryland
 * Sculpture in Downtown Branford; Branford, Connecticut

 * 2020
 * Sculpture in Downtown Naples, City of Naples; Naples, Florida
 * Sculpture in Danbury, Danbury Connecticut with CityCenter Danbury
 * A Totem grows in Manchester, Town of Manchester Parks; Manchester, Connecticut
 * Sculpture in Northeast Harbor, Mount Desert 365; Northeast Harbor, Maine

 * 2019
 * The Ventana Series, Muscatine Art Center; Muscatine, Iowa (exhibit travels)
 * Sculptural Adornments: David Hayes Jewelry, Georgia Museum of Art; Athens, Georgia (exhibit travels)
 * 24 Sculptures in Gainesville Parks; Gainesville, Florida
 * David Hayes Jewelry, Fairfield University Art Museum; Fairfield, Connecticut (exhibit travels)
 * Five large sculptures in Muscatine, Iowa; Muscatine Art in Public Places Commission

 * 2018
 * Outdoor Sculpture in downtown Winter Park, Florida; City of Winter Park, Florida
 * The Ventana Series, Swope Art Museum; Terre Haute, Indiana (exhibit travels)
 * The Ventana Series, Fort Smith Regional Art Museum; Fort Smith, Arkansas (exhibit travels)

 * 2017
 * Totem Sculpture, Anita Shapolsky Gallery; New York, New York
 * Sabrina, Memphis Brooks Museum; Memphis, Tennessee
 * Radio interview by Connecticut Public Radio's Diane Orson: Connecticut Sculptor David Hayes Transformed Steel Into Art.

 * 2016
 * Small Vertical Motifs, Commenoz Gallery; Key Biscayne, Florida
 * Straight from the Barn, Emmanoel Lavagnolli Fine Art Gallery in Wynwood; Miami, Florida
 * Small Sculptures and Gouache Studies, Center For Creative Education; West Palm Beach, Florida
 * Small Sculpture and Gouache Studies, Lowe Art Museum; Coral Gables, Florida
 * David Hayes Sculpture, The Perfect Provenance; Greenwich, Connecticut
 * Small Sculpture, Arte Fundamenta; Wynwood, Florida
 * David Hayes Sculpture, Isabella Garrucho Fine Art; Greenwich, Connecticut
 * David Hayes Sculpture at the Dubuque Museum of Art; Dubuque, Iowa

 * 2015
 * Sentinel Sculptures at the Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens; Jacksonville, Florida
 * David Hayes Sculpture at the Wichita Falls Museum of Art; Wichita Falls, Texas
 * David Hayes Sculptures, Project Space Gallery, SUNY College at Oneonta; Oneonta, New York
 * Large and Small, Hartford Public Library Gallery; Hartford, Connecticut
 * Sculptures on Campus, SUNY College at Oneonta; Oneonta, New York

 * 2014
 * Small Sculptures and Gouache Studies, Wiregrass Museum of Art; Dothan, Alabama
 * David Hayes Sculpture at the Jundt Art Museum; Spokane, Washington
 * Maquettes and Gouache Studies at the Housatonic Museum of Art; Bridgeport, Connecticut
 * Dragonfly: Sculpture at the Springfield Museums; Springfield, Massachusetts
 * Recent Small Sculptures at M+V Art Gallery; Miami, Florida
 * Small Sculpture at the Parmigiani Fleurier Gallery; Miami, Florida
 * Sculpture at Northwood Village; West Palm Beach, Florida

 * 2013
 * David Hayes Sculpture, Contemporary Art Center; Peoria, Illinois
 * David Hayes: A Sculptor of Space and Nature, Elizabeth Myers Mitchell Gallery at St. John’s College; Annapolis, Maryland
 * Hanging Screen Sculptures at the Lutz Children’s Museum; Manchester, Connecticut
 * David Hayes dies April 9, 2013
 * David Hayes Sculpture, Snite Museum of Art, University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame, Indiana
 * Sentinel Sculptures at the Fort Wayne Museum of Art; Fort Wayne, Indiana
 * David Hayes Sculptures at the Wiregrass Museum of Art; Dothan, Alabama

 * 2012
 * Small Sculpture, Gouaches, and New Totems, Garrison Art Center; Garrison, New York
 * 20 Sculptures at the Art Museum at the University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky
 * Sculptures at the Westfield State University, Downtown Art Gallery; Westfield, Massachusetts

 * 2011
 * Sculpture at One North Broadway; White Plains, New York
 * David Hayes Small Sculpture, George Waters Gallery, Elmira College; Elmira, New York
 * Sculpture at Goodwin College; East Hartford, Connecticut

 * 2010
 * Art to the Avenue; Greenwich Avenue; Greenwich, Connecticut
 * Fathers & Daughters, The Greenwich Arts Council Presents In The Bendheim Gallery; Greenwich, Connecticut
 * Boscobel, in conjuction with the CURRENT show through the Garrison Art Center, Garrison, New York

 * 2009
 * Hayes Family Show: Three Generations. White Plains Library; White Plains, New York

 * 2008
 * David Hayes: 60 sculptures in White Plains, New York.
 * 2007
 * David Hayes: Sculpture. Vero Beach Museum of Art; Vero Beach, Florida
 * Sculpture in Downtown Syracuse; Syracuse, New York
 * The Lauren Rogers Museum of Art; Laurel, Mississippi
 * Ross Art Museum at Ohio Wesleyan University; Delaware, Ohio – Small Sculptures, Drawings and Outdoor Sculpture

 * 2006
 * Louisiana State University Museum of Art; Baton Rouge, Louisiana – David Hayes Sculpture
 * Erie Art Museum Annex Gallery; Erie, Pennsylvania – Small Sculptures and Drawings
 * Longview Museum of Fine Arts; Longview, Texas – David Hayes Sculpture

 * 2005
 * 8 Vertical Motifs at the Mobile Museum of Art; Mobile, Alabama
 * 12 sculptures on Oyaron Hill, Hartwick College; Oneonta, New York
 * Maquettes and Drawings, Yager Museum; Oneonta, New York
 * Small Sculptures and Drawings, Krasl Art Center; Saint Joseph, Michigan
 * Sculpture in Erie: installation of sculpture in downtown Erie, Pennsylvania via the Erie Art Museum

 * 2004
 * David Hayes Sculpture at Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus; Miami, Florida
 * Outdoor Sculpture, James A. Michener Art Museum; Doylestown, Pennsylvania
 * Exhibition Without Walls; 40 sculptures in downtown Fort Pierce, Florida

 * 2003
 * Burt Reynolds Museum, Jupiter, Florida – Inaugural exhibition
 * 5 Screen Sculptures at the University of Central Florida; Orlando, Florida
 * David Hayes Sculpture, Sculpture Garden & Studio at Gidion’s; Kent, Connecticut

 * 2002
 * Lyric Theater; Stuart, Florida – Outdoor Sculpture
 * Bradley International Airport; Windsor Locks, Connecticut – Small Sculptures

 * 2001
 * Geary Design; Naples, Florida: David Hayes Sculpture and Graham Nickson Paintings
 * Lyric Theater; Stuart, Florida – Outdoor Sculpture
 * Hanging Sculpture Commission: Stalagtite, Nicotra Group; Staten Island, New York

 * 2000
 * Sculpture at Sasaki, Sasaki & Associates; Watertown, Massachusetts
 * Fordham University Downtown, New York: Wall Sculptures and Drawings
 * David Hayes Steel Sculptures, Denise Bibro Fine Arts Inc.; New York, New York

 * 1999
 * Sea Forms, Hanging Screen Sculture Commission, Nicotra Group; Staten Island, New York
 * Colgate University; Hamilton, New York: Sculpture in Scenic Landscape: Outdoor Sculpture, Wall Reliefs, Maquette and Drawings

 * 1998
 * Mercy Gallery, Loomis Chaffee School; Windsor, Connecticut
 * 57 Sculptures in the City of Stamford, Downtown Stamford and Stamford Town Center; Stamford, Connecticut
 * David Hayes Sculpture, Tremaine Gallery, Hotchkiss School; Lakeville, Connecticut
 * Outdoor Sculpture, The Appleton Museum; Ocala, Florida
 * Boca Raton Museum of Art; Boca Raton, Florida: Vertical Motifs, Drawings, Macquettes
 * Paintings, Acrylic Landscapes and Studies, Stamford Center for the Arts, Rich Forum; Stamford, Connecticut

 * 1997
 * 100 Pearl Gallery; Hartford, Connecticut
 * The Gallery, University of New Haven; New Haven, Connecticut
 * Southern Vermont Art Center; Manchester, Vermont
 * Screen Sculptures, Gulf Coast Art Center; Belleair, Florida (exhibit travels)
 * Screen Sculptures, Orlando City Hall; Orlando, Florida (exhibit travels)
 * Five Screen Sculptures, Hines Building; Boston
 * Hayes Modern Gallery; Naples, Florida

 * 1996
 * Prudential Center; Boston
 * Screen Sculptures, Gulf Coast Art Center; Belleair, Florida (exhibit travels)
 * The Pingry School; Martinsville, New Jersey

 * 1995
 * Vertical Motif Installation, Boca Raton Museum of Art; Boca Raton, Florida

 * 1994
 * A Survey of Screen Sculptures, Anderson Gallery; Buffalo, New York

 * 1993
 * Appointed Board Member, New York Sculptors Guild
 * Elaine Benson Gallery; Bridgehampton, New York

 * 1992
 * Elected Regent, University of Hartford; Hartford, Connecticut
 * David Hayes—Outdoor Sculpture, Gallerie Françoise; Baltimore, Maryland

 * 1991
 * Monumental Sculpture Commission: Minotaur, Anderson Gallery; Buffalo, New York
 * PBS Broadcast of The Sculpture of David Hayes, documentary film by Richard Byrnes
 * Neville-Sargent Gallery; Chicago

 * 1990
 * Monumental Sculpture Commission: The Three Graces, School of Business, Western Michigan University; Kalamazoo, Michigan
 * Welded Steel Sculpture with David Hayes, documentary film by Richard Byrnes
 * Indiana University Art Museum; Bloomington, Indiana

 * 1989
 * Snite Museum of Art, University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame, Indiana. Exhibition travels to the University of Indiana.

 * 1988
 * Monumental Sculpture Commission: Griffon, Snite Museum of Art, University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame, Indiana
 * Outdoor Sculpture, Station Plaza; Stamford, Connecticut

 * 1987
 * Monumental Sculpture Commission: Large Vertical Motif, Hartford Public Library; Hartford, Connecticut
 * Juror, National Screening Committee, Institute of International Education, for Sculpture

 * 1986
 * Albertus Magnus College; New Haven, Connecticut
 * Vertical Motif Series, Shippee Gallery; New York, New York

 * 1985
 * The Brooks File: David Hayes’ Sculpture Fields, Channel 3 WFSB; Hartford, Connecticut
 * Visual Images Gallery; Wellfleet, Massachusetts

 * 1984
 * Visual Images Gallery; Wellfleet, Massachusetts
 * Shippee Gallery; New York, New York

 * 1983
 * Relief Sculpture Commission, Wilbraham & Monson Academy; Wilbraham, Massachusetts
 * Appointed Trustee, Hartford Art School, University of Hartford; Hartford, Connecticut
 * Wesleyan Potters; Middletown, Connecticut
 * Visual Images Gallery; Wellfleet, Massachusetts
 * Rensselaer County Council for the Arts; Troy, New York

 * 1982
 * Juror, National Screening Committee, Institute of International Education, for Sculpture
 * Relief Sculpture Commission, Albertus Magnus College; New Haven, Connecticut
 * Sunne Savage Gallery; Boston, Massachusetts
 * Visual Images Gallery; Wellfleet, Massachusetts
 * Elaine Benson Gallery; Bridgehampton, New York

 * 1981
 * Monumental Sculpture Commission: Large Escargot, Hartwood Acres; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 * Bard College; Annandale-on-Hudson, New York
 * Old State House; Hartford, Connecticut
 * June 1 Gallery; Bethlehem, Connecticut
 * Visual Images Gallery; Wellfleet, Massachusetts
 * University of Maryland, Baltimore Campus; Catonsville, Maryland

 * 1980
 * Juror, Scholastic Art Awards, Connecticut, for Sculpture
 * Juror, National Screening Committee, Institute of International Education, for Sculpture
 * Bethel Gallery and Bethel Library grounds; Bethel, Connecticut
 * Art Museum and City of Fitchburg; Fitchburg, Massachusetts
 * Saratoga Performing Arts Center; Saratoga Springs, New York
 * Sculpture on Campus, Skidmore College; Saratoga Springs, New York

 * 1979
 * Illustrated French Cooking for People Who Can’t by Julia Hayes; Atheneum Publishers
 * Large Sculpture Commission, Lydall Corporate Headquarters; Manchester, Connecticut
 * The Gallery, G. Fox and Company; Hartford, Connecticut
 * White Mountains Center for the Arts; Jefferson, New Hampshire
 * Plymouth State College; Plymouth, New Hampshire
 * Sculpture in the Library, University Library, University of Connecticut; Storrs, Connecticut
 * Mead Art Museum, Amherst College; Amherst, Massachusetts
 * Outdoor Sculpture, Nassau County Museum of Art; Sands Point, New York

 * 1978
 * David Hayes: Sculptor; Channel 57 television documentary
 * Screen Sculpture Commission, Moriarty Brothers, Inc.; Manchester, Connecticut
 * Choate-Rosemary Hall; Wallingford, Connecticut
 * Vertical Motifs, State University of New York; Albany, New York
 * Manchester Community College; Manchester, Connecticut
 * Sculpture on Tuck Mall, Dartmouth College; Hanover, New Hampshire
 * Sculpture in the City, Museum of Fine Arts and City of Springfield; Springfield, Massachusetts

 * 1977
 * Monumental Sculpture Commission, Massasoit Community College; Brockton, Massachusetts
 * Franz Bader Gallery; Washington, DC
 * George Washington University; Washington, DC
 * Georgetown University Hospital; Washington, DC
 * Vertical Motifs, DeCordova Museum; Lincoln, Massachusetts

 * 1976
 * Sculpture for playground: Eagle; Killingly, Connecticut
 * Sculpture in the City, Danbury, Connecticut

 * 1975
 * Everson Museum of Art; Syracuse, New York
 * Brockton Art Center; Fuller Memorial; Brockton, Massachusetts

 * 1974
 * Outdoor Sculpture at Copley Square and Dartmouth Street Mall; Boston, Massachusetts
 * Martha Jackson Gallery; New York, New York
 * Columbus Gallery of Fine Art; Columbus, Ohio
 * Sunne Savage Gallery; Boston, Massachusetts

 * 1973
 * Monumental sculpture commission, Centaur, Columbus Gallery of Fine Art; Columbus, Ohio
 * Juror, Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Utica, New York – Annual Exhibition
 * Illustrated Varmint Q by Charles Boer; Chicago: Swallow Press
 * Juror, American Academy in Rome – Sculpture
 * Munson Gallery; New Haven, Connecticut
 * Sunne Savage Gallery; Boston, Massachusetts
 * Albany Institute of History and Art; Albany, New York
 * Gallery Five East; East Hartford, Connecticut

 * 1972
 * Appointed visiting artist, Harvard University; Cambridge, Massachusetts

 * 1971
 * Harvard University, Hunt Hall; Cambridge, Massachusetts
 * New Britain Museum of American Art; New Britain, Connecticut
 * Agra Gallery; Washington, DC

 * 1970
 * Monumental Ceramic Wall Commission, Elmira College; Elmira, New York
 * University of Connecticut; Storrs, Connecticut
 * Manchester Community College; Manchester, Connecticut
 * St. Joseph’s College; West Hartford, Connecticut

 * 1969
 * Bard College; Annandale-on-Hudson, New York
 * Willard Gallery; New York
 * Arizona State University; Tempe, Arizona

 * 1968
 * Return to live in the United States
 * Galerie De Haas; Rotterdam, Holland

 * 1966
 * Lyman Allen Museum; New London, Connecticut
 * Houston Festival of Arts; Houston, Texas
 * Willard Gallery; New York
 * David Anderson Gallery; Paris

 * 1965
 * National Institute of Arts and Letters Award, New York

 * 1963
 * Represented United States at Forma Viva Sculpture Symposium, Portorož, Yugoslavia
 * Root Art Center, Hamilton College; Clinton, New York

 * 1962
 * Retrospective Exhibition of Sculpture and Drawing, University of Notre Dame and Indiana University

 * 1961
 * Chicago Arts Institute; Chicago, Illinois – Logan Prize for Sculpture
 * Post Doctoral Fulbright Fellowship for study in Paris. Guggenheim Fellowship awarded and arranged to follow Fulbright
 * Willard Gallery; New York, New York

 * 1960
 * New Haven Festival of Arts; New Haven, Connecticut – Best in Show for Sculpture
 * Sharon Creative Art Foundation; Sharon, Connecticut

 * 1959
 * Museum of Modern Art, New York – Recent Sculpture, U.S.A.
 * Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York – Animal and Young, part of inaugural exhibition
 * Boston Arts Festival; Boston, Massachusetts – Drawing Award
 * Lyman Allen Museum; New London, Connecticut
 * New Talent Series, Museum of Modern Art; New York, New York

 * 1958
 * Silvermine Guild; New Cannan, Connecticut – Sculpture Award
 * New Haven Festival of Arts; New Haven, Connecticut – Best in Show
 * Wesleyan University; Middletown, Connecticut

 * 1955
 * Thesis Exhibition, Indiana University; Bloomington, Indiana

 * 1955–1957
 * United States Navy

title: David Hayes (sculptor)


text:
Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception (Mobile, Alabama)

The Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception (Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Mobile) is a cathedral serving Roman Catholics in the U.S. city of Mobile, Alabama. It is the seat of the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mobile. The cathedral is named for Mary, mother of Jesus, under her title, Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing property to the Church Street East Historic District and Lower Dauphin Street Historic District and is listed on the Historic Roman Catholic Properties in Mobile Multiple Property Submission

History
Mobile’s Cathedral Parish was established on July 20, 1703, by Jean-Baptiste de la Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier, Bishop of Quebec. Bishop de Saint-Vallier named Father Roulleaux de La Vente, first pastor of the parish church, which was located at the French settlement of Mobile at the citadel of Fort Louis de la Louisiane. The parish is the first established on the Gulf Coast.

When the Mobile settlement was relocated to its present site in 1711, a new parish church was built and was known as Notre Dame de la Mobile (Our Lady of Mobile). In 1781, during the Spanish occupation of Mobile, the parish took its current name, Immaculate Conception.

Mobile was elevated to a diocese in 1829, and Frenchman, Michael Portier, was named its first bishop. Bishop Portier’s first “cathedral” was a small wooden structure located in the Old Spanish Burying Ground, site of the present cathedral. Portier soon set out to construct a "real" cathedral.

Construction
The cathedral, designed in 1833, by Claude Beroujon, a former seminarian turned architect, is laid out in a Roman basilica design. Construction began in 1835, but the Panic of 1837, caused a shortage of funds and delayed progress. The cathedral was consecrated for public worship in 1850, by Bishop Portier, though Beroujon’s design was not yet fully realized. The portico and towers were to come later.

The classical portico, with eight massive columns of the Roman Doric order, was added in the 1870s, under the direction of Bishop John Quinlan. The two towers were completed in 1884, during the watch of Bishop Jeremiah O'Sullivan.

Location and dimensions
Located on South Claiborne Street in downtown, it is bounded by Dauphin Street on the north, Franklin Street on the west, and Conti Street on the south. The front of the church faces east, toward the Mobile River, and overlooks Cathedral Square.

The building, laid out in an east-west axis, is 164 ft long and 90 ft wide. The ceiling is 60 ft at its highest point, and its twin towers rise to 103 ft.

Stained glass windows
One of the cathedral’s finest attributes is its stained glass windows. The windows were made in Munich, Germany by Franz Mayer & Co., and installed beginning in 1890. The last window was installed in 1910, during the time of Bishop Edward Patrick Allen.

The twelve main windows, six on the south wall and six on the north wall, are approximately 8 ft wide and 23 ft tall. Each window depicts an event involving Mary in the life of her son, Jesus. The subjects of the south wall windows are Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, the Presentation of Mary at the Temple, the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Nativity of Jesus, and the Holy Family. The themes of the north wall are the Finding of the Child Jesus at the Temple, the Marriage Feast of Cana, the Crucifixion of Jesus, Pentecost, the  Assumption of Mary into Heaven, and the Coronation of Mary, Queen of Heaven.

Two large windows flank the portico, one under each of the two towers. The Baptism of Jesus in the River Jordan, by John the Baptist is the subject of the window in the Reconciliation Room, under the north tower. The window under the south tower, in the stairway to the choir loft, appropriately depicts St. Cecilia, patron saint of musicians.

Smaller windows are found in each of the eight doors in the foyer, behind the cathedral’s main doors, at the church’s front entrance. These depict, from left to right, St. Augustine of Hippo, Our Lady of Mount Carmel, the Presentation of Mary at the Temple, St. Louis IX, King of France, St. Patrick, Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, St. Agnes of Rome, Virgin & Martyr , and the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus. Above the four middle doors is the Holy Spirit window.

Fire and other damage
Over the course of time, the cathedral experienced its share of disasters, including an explosion, a fire, an airplane hit, and hurricanes.

On May 25, 1865, a Union Army ammunition depot exploded, killing some 300 persons, and burning much of Mobile. The windows and sashes on the north side of the cathedral were blown in by the explosion. There were no services being held in the cathedral at the time.

During World War II, a pilot-in-training, flying low, clipped one of the towers, resulting in damage.

Disaster struck on March 19, 1954, when a homeless man, seeking shelter in the church, caused a fire that destroyed the sanctuary. The church still stood, but the interior suffered damage from fire, smoke, and water from the firefighters’ attempt to control the blaze.

Repair, renovation and restoration
After the 1954 fire, Bishop Thomas Joseph Toolen had the damaged stained glass windows sent to the Franz Meyer workshops in Munich for repair. Here the craftsmen used the original drawings as a guide in their restoration efforts. He replaced the fire-damaged cathedra and pulpit with new ones made of mahogany. A replacement organ, built by the Wicks Organ Company, was installed and is in use today. At this time, Toolen added a massive bronze baldachin above the altar, supported by four marble columns.

In the 1970s, Bishop John L. May made modifications to the sanctuary in compliance with the 1970 General Instruction of the Roman Missal. The altar was moved forward and the altar rails were removed. The cathedra was moved to its present location on the south end of the sanctuary facing the congregation. At this time, Bishop May also added a bronze representation of the Risen Christ above the baldachin and a large crucifix over the tabernacle.

Archbishop Oscar Hugh Lipscomb led the most recent restoration effort in the 2000s. Under his direction, the cast-iron fence was restored and repaired, and the cathedral exterior was cleaned and repaired. An interior overhaul, executed by Conrad Schmitt Studios, included a coffer ceiling above the main aisle. The coffers are decorated with alternating gold-leafed fleur-de-lis and shamrock, symbolically representing the Trinity, as well as the contributions of the French and Irish religious to the life of the Archdiocese. New lighting and a new color scheme brightens the interior. White marble flooring was installed in the aisles and the heart pine floors under the pews were refinished. Embedded in the marble floor of the main aisle are the coats-of-arms of the Mobile bishops and archbishops. A mural of the Tree of Jesse was installed above the pipe organ. After the restoration was complete, Archbishop Lipscomb traveled to Rome with the Ecclesiastical Provinces of Louisville, Mobile and New Orleans as a part of the Bishops' Ad Liminia Conference of the United States of America. At this meeting on December 3, 2004, he presented Pope John Paul II with a photograph of the completed work by Conrad Schmitt Studios.

Basilica designation
In 1962, Pope John XXIII elevated the cathedral to a minor basilica, a title bestowed, only by the pope, on churches of historical and spiritual importance. A basilica is entitled to have its own coat-of-arms. Other basilica insignia include Pope John XXIII's personal coat-of-arms installed above the cathedral entrance, the yellow and red umbracullum (umbrella) and tintinnabulum (bell) in the sanctuary.

Gallery
A gallery of photographs taken October 23, 1936, for the Historic American Buildings Survey. Note the interior as it looked before the fire of 1954.


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Gas heater

A gas heater is a space heater used to heat a room or outdoor area by burning natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, propane, or butane.

Indoor household gas heaters can be broadly categorized in one of two ways: flued or non-flued, or vented and unvented.

History
The first gas heater made use of the same principles as the Bunsen burner. Beginning in 1881, the burner's flame was used to heat a structure made of asbestos, a design patented by Sigismund Leoni, a British engineer. Later, fire clay replaced the asbestos because it is easier to mold. Modern gas heaters still work this way, although they now use other refractory materials.

Function
The gas heater is able to warm up a whole room by first allowing the flame to heat the air locally, then it disperses throughout the air by convection. Today the same principle applies with outdoor patio heaters or "mushroom heaters" which act as giant Bunsen burners.

Modern gas heaters have been further developed to include units that utilize radiant heat technology, rather than the principles of the Bunsen burner. This form of technology does not spread via convection, but rather, is absorbed by people and objects in its path. This form of heating is useful for outdoor heating, where it is more economical than using a standard air heating system.

Flued heaters
Flued heaters are permanently installed wherever they are placed. The flue, if properly installed with the correct overall height, size, and orientation should extract all of the heater emissions. A correctly operating flued gas heater is typically safe for use.

Non-flued heaters

Non-flued heaters – also known as unvented heaters, vent-free heaters, or flueless fires, may be either permanently installed or portable, and sometimes incorporate a catalytic converter. Non-flued heaters can be risky if appropriate safety procedures are not followed. There must be adequate ventilation, they must be kept clean, and they should always be switched off before sleeping. If operating correctly, the main emissions of a non-flued gas heater are water vapour, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide.

Operation
Home gas heating controls cycle using a mechanical or electronic thermostat. Gas flow is actuated with a valve. Ignition is by an electric filament or pilot light. Flames heat a radiator in the air duct but outside the flue, convection or a fan may distribute the heat.

title: Gas heater


text: User talk:65.96.44.49

title: User talk:65.96.44.49


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2mm Kolibri

The 2mm Kolibri (also known as the 2.7mm Kolibri Car Pistol or 2.7×9mm Kolibri) was the smallest commercially available centerfire cartridge, patented in 1910 and introduced in 1914 by Franz Pfannl, an Austrian watchmaker, with financial support from Georg Grabner. It was designed to accompany the Kolibri semi-auto pistol or single-shot pistol, both marketed as self-defense weapons, but somewhat underpowered.

The name is derived from Kolibri, the German word for hummingbird, which is among the smallest of birds.

Background
The cartridge weighs 5.3 grams (82 grains), measures 3.6 mm at its widest point, and 11 mm from the base of the primer to the tip of the bullet. The cartridge is headspaced on the mouth of the case. The bullet itself masses 0.2 grams (3 grains), and is estimated to have a normal muzzle velocity of 200 m/s, resulting in a muzzle energy of 4 joules (3 ft-lbs). For perspective, an average person's punch measures 10-15 joules (7-11 ft-lbs), meaning that the round has less energy than a punch.

The round was not well accepted. The 2mm Kolibri's small size makes handling and loading individual cartridges difficult, and the bullet itself is fairly weak, with literature at the time suggesting the round was capable of penetrating only 10 - 40 mm of pine board. The round also suffers some accuracy issues, since the technology of the time was incapable of applying rifling to the bore of such a small caliber, resulting in no spin on the bullet.

Due to the weakness and inaccuracy of the firearm, the 2mm Kolibri was advertised as a ladies' self-defence weapon that was small enough to fit inside a handbag. While probably not effective against a mugger if shot at the chest or limbs, it could potentially inflict some damage if shot at the attacker's face. It was discontinued in 1914 with the outbreak of the war .

The 2mm gun was replaced by 3mm and 4mm weapons in the series, which was discontinued in 1938.

As with the related firearm series, this gun is now a collector's item with about a thousand ever produced. It is notable for firing the smallest centerfire cartridge ever produced.

title: 2mm Kolibri


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Eastman Wind Ensemble

The Eastman Wind Ensemble was founded by conductor Frederick Fennell at the Eastman School of Music in 1952. The ensemble is often credited with helping redefine the performance of wind band music. Considered one of America's leading wind ensembles, its core personnel of 50 players consists of undergraduate and graduate students at the Eastman School of Music.

Fennell redefined the wind band by having one player on each part, using only the instrumentation for each piece specified by the composer. Fennell coined the term "wind ensemble" to refer to this specific kind of wind band. The repertoire of the group included standard concert band pieces, but also chamber music for winds, and the instrumentation varied as required. In contrast to typical concert band practice, the Eastman Wind Ensemble kept its focus on original wind music rather than orchestral transcriptions. The Eastman Wind Ensemble has premiered over 150 works, including works by composers Bernard Rands and Joseph Schwantner. Under Fennell's leadership, the Eastman Wind Ensemble became known as the pioneering force in the symphonic wind band movement in the United States and abroad. Donald Hunsberger became conductor in 1965 and, for 37 years, led the ensemble to international prominence.

Ever since its founding, the EWE has been in the forefront elevating the wind repertory through recordings. Fennell’s Mercury Recording albums of the 1950s and early ’60s are notable for their pioneering use of binaural, stereo, and 35mm recording techniques. These “Living Presence” recordings focused on standard band literature by the most respected classical composers — heard for the first time in the newly balanced instrumentation. They also centered on major repertory not found on traditional band programs, such as Hindemith’s Symphony in B-flat, Schoenberg’s Theme and Variations, op. 43a, and Stravinsky’s Symphonies of Wind Instruments.

Early years
Under Hunsberger, the EWE continued its progressive stance in recording techniques with participation in quadraphonic and digital recording on the Deutsche Grammophon, Phillips, CBS Masterworks (now Sony Classical), Toshiba EMI, Tioch (now KEF), Vox, Centaur, and Desto labels. The album Carnaval, a collaboration with Wynton Marsalis, was nominated for a Grammy award in 1987 and reintroduced the public to an entire tradition of cornet showpieces for band. Other Sony Classical releases have featured new transcriptions of Bach organ works by Hunsberger, as well as contemporary works. One of the featured pieces on the Live from Osaka album was Joseph Schwantner’s …and the mountains rising nowhere, a work that has become representative of the ensemble’s approach to new music, adventurous tone colors, and innovative compositional techniques. Since its founding, the ensemble has premiered more than 150 new works.

In 1968 the group traveled cross-country, giving a series of concerts that culminated in a performance for the General Session of the MENC (National Association for Music Education) conference in Seattle. The ensemble made subsequent MENC appearances in 1987 and 1996. In 1976, the EWE performed at the College Band Directors National Association National Convention, and in 1978 embarked on a tour of Japan and Southeast Asia. In addition, the release of the 1987 Carnaval disc was followed by a tour with Marsalis to Montreal, Toronto, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, and New York.

The Eastman Wind Ensemble celebrated its 50th anniversary in February 2002 with a conference of international scope on the wind ensemble and its music. The conference included the premiere of a new work from Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Bernard Rands. The anniversary also coincided with the release of a multi-CD set of recordings compiled by Warner Brothers from sessions in Japan and Rochester over the last several years.

Between 1990 and 2004, the EWE has embarked on seven summer tours of Japan. These trips have been sponsored by Eastman Kodak and Sony Music Foundation, and have focused on demonstrating Eastman performance techniques and showcasing original works of the repertory. Several of Hunsberger’s Wind Library publications originated as pieces specifically transcribed for these tours, as each tour also featured special arrangements by Hunsberger and Scatterday to display the capabilities of the Ensemble.

Present
The most recent Japan tour in 2004 began a new era for the EWE under the direction of Mark Scatterday and included several performances in Taiwan and China. This Asian tour featured trumpet soloist, James Thompson, as the ensemble recorded concertos by Dana Wilson, Eric Ewazen and Jacques Hetu (Danzante, released on Summit Records in 2006). Also in 2005, Scatterday and the ensemble performed at Carnegie Hall as part of CBDNA’s National Conference on February 26, featuring music by Karel Husa, Roberto Sierra, David Maslanka and Jeff Tyzik. The ensemble’s latest recording entitled Manhattan Music with the Canadian Brass was released in 2008 on Opening Day Records with ArchivMusic.

Conductors

 * Frederick Fennell - 1952–1961
 * A. Clyde Roller - 1962–1964
 * Donald Hunsberger - 1965–2001
 * Mark Scatterday - 2002–present

Selected discography

 * Hindemith, Schoenberg, and Stravinsky (Mercury Living Presence 1957)
 * Carnaval (with Wynton Marsalis) (CBS Masterworks 1987)
 * Quiet City and Works by Vaughn Williams, Husa, and Hindemith (with Wynton Marsalis) (CBS Masterworks 1989)
 * The Civil War: Its Music and Its Sounds (Beulah 1990)
 * Live in Osaka (Sony Classical 1999)
 * Danzante (Summit Records 2006)
 * Manhattan Music (Opening Day 2008)
 * Igor Stravinsky: Octet; L'Histoire du Soldat (Eastman 2013)
 * Sierra Live (Summit Records 2017)
 * Images: Music of Jeff Tyzik (Summit Records 2018)
 * Lightning Air (New Focus 2022)

title: Eastman Wind Ensemble


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Slipstream (disambiguation)

A slipstream is a pocket of reduced pressure following behind an object moving through a fluid medium.

Slipstream may also refer to:

People

 * Zammis Clark, referred to as Slipstream

Computing

 * Slipstream (computer science), the technique of running a shortened program concurrently and ahead of the execution of the full program
 * Slipstream (computing), a slang term for merging patches or updates into the original installation sources of a program
 * Slipstream 5000, a 1995 racing game for PC

Fiction

 * Slipstream (genre), a literary genre that pushes the boundary between traditional fiction and either science fiction and/or fantasy
 * Slipstream (radio drama), a BBC Radio 7 science fiction series
 * Slipstream (science fiction), fictional methods of faster-than-light travel

Characters

 * Slipstream (comics), a Marvel Comics superhero character
 * Slipstream (Transformers), several robot characters in the Transformers franchise including Transformers: Animated
 * Slip Stream (G.I. Joe), a pilot character in the G.I. Joe franchise

Film

 * Slipstream (unfinished film), an unfinished Steven Spielberg movie
 * Slipstream (1973 film), a Canadian drama directed by David Acomba
 * Slipstream (video), a 1980 concert by Jethro Tull
 * Slipstream (1989 film), a post-apocalyptic adventure directed by Steven Lisberger
 * Slipstream (2005 film), a time travel thriller directed by David van Eyssen
 * Slipstream (2007 film), a drama written and directed by Anthony Hopkins

Music

 * Slipstream (band), a UK indie band

Albums

 * Slipstream (Bonnie Raitt album), 2012
 * Slipstream (Sherbet album) or the title song (see below), 1974
 * Slipstream (Sutherland Brothers and Quiver album) or the title song, 1976

Songs

 * "Slipstream" (song), by Sherbet, 1974
 * "Slipstream", by Killing Joke from Extremities, Dirt and Various Repressed Emotions, 1990
 * "Slipstream", by Jethro Tull from Aqualung, 1971
 * "Slipstream", by Mike Oldfield from Light + Shade, 2005
 * "Slipstream", by Threshold from Dead Reckoning, 2007

Others

 * Slipstream (arcade game), a 1995 racing game by Capcom
 * Slipstream (magazine), a literary press and magazine founded in 1980
 * Slipstream (sculpture), a sculpture created by Richard Wilson
 * Drafting (aerodynamics), also called slipstreaming
 * Team Slipstream, a UCI professional cycling team

title: Slipstream (disambiguation)


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Category:Snowboarders

Sportspeople who ride snowboards in competition. No individuals should be placed in this main category. Instead, they should be placed by nationality.

title: Category:Snowboarders


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Company of Young Canadians

The Company of Young Canadians (CYC) was a short-lived Canadian youth program sponsored by the Canadian federal government, which existed from 1966 to 1977. It was designed to be run autonomously without government direction.

It generated considerable controversy shortly after its founding: coordination with volunteers in small communities was poorly organized, and several of the youth involved in the program were prominent political activists. Among other things, it was accused in 1969 of harbouring terrorists by municipal officials from Montreal, including Mayor Jean Drapeau. These claims were never verified. In March 1970 its administration was taken over by the federal government, and in 1977 it was formally abolished.

The CYC was a co-sponsor of the National Film Board of Canada's Indian Film Crew in 1968, the NFB's first foray into Native-made filmmaking.

Notable alumni of the CYC include Gilles Duceppe, Georges Erasmus, Barbara Hall, Phil Fontaine, David DePoe and Michael Valpy, Ian Hamilton (Canadian writer).

title: Company of Young Canadians


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William Watson, Baron Watson

William Watson, Baron Watson, (25 August 1827 – 14 September 1899) was a Scottish lawyer and Conservative Party politician. He was Lord Advocate, the most senior Law Officer in Scotland, from 1876 to 1880, and was then appointed a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary.

Early life
Watson was born in Covington, Lanarkshire on 25 August 1827. He was the eldest son and second of the six children of Eleonora and Reverend Thomas Watson. He was educated privately and studied law at the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. He was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1851 and appeared for the defence of Dr Edward William Pritchard, the poisoner, in 1865.

Career
Watson was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland, one of the Scottish Law Officers and deputy to the Lord Advocate, in 1874, and was elected Dean of the Faculty of Advocates in 1875. In 1876, the Lord Advocate, Edward Gordon, was appointed a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (Lord Gordon of Drumearn) and resigned as Lord Advocate and Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities. Watson won the ensuing by-election and was appointed Lord Advocate. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1878.

Watson did not stand for re-election at the 1880 general election, and was instead appointed a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary as Baron Watson, of Thankerton in the County of Lanark. As a member of the Privy Council, he was also entitled to sit on the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.

Judgements

 * Foakes v Beer [1884] UKHL 1, [1881-85] All ER Rep 106, (1884) 9 App Cas 605; 54 LJQB 130; 51 LT 833; 33 WR 233 - a leading case from the House of Lords on the legal concept of consideration
 * Liquidators of the Maritime Bank of Canada v. Receiver-General of New Brunswick [1892] A.C. 437 - statement of provincial powers under the BNA Act 1867
 * Cooper v Stuart (1889); the case which cemented the legal fiction of terra nullius in Australia for a century before the High Court overturned it with Mabo v Queensland (No 2) in 1992.

Personal life
Watson married Margaret Bannatyne (1846-1898) in 1868, and the couple had five sons and a daughter. His son William also became a law lord as Lord Thankerton while another son, Ronald, was a first-class cricketer. Watson lived at 20 Queen's Gate in South Kensington, and was a member of the Athenæum and the Carlton Club.

He is buried in Dean Cemetery in Edinburgh against the north wall, of the Victorian north extension, near the north-west corner.

title: William Watson, Baron Watson


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User:Casidy05

hey heather this is shikita wuts good? i miss u

title: User:Casidy05


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Spreckels Organ

The Spreckels Organ is a pipe organ that was designed by Ernest M. Skinner. It was installed in 1924 at the Legion of Honor museum in San Francisco, California. Public performances are held on Saturdays, 4:00–4:45 pm.

Philanthropist John D. Spreckels commissioned the organ's manufacture. A commemorative plaque on the right side of the console states: "John D. Spreckels has generously given the organ in this temple for the pleasure of those who, like himself, are lovers of music AD MCMXXIV." Spreckels donated the organ as a tribute to his brother Adolph, who was dying from syphilis. Adolph died before the organ was completed.

Setting
The organ is located in the museum's Rodin gallery. It was designed to blend into the museum's structure; its 4,500 pipes are not visible to visitors. The ceiling of the gallery is canvas so that the organ can be heard throughout the gallery and museum; the canvas ceiling is painted as a trompe-l'œil to resemble a marble apse.

Organ features and materials
For definitions and further information, see: List of pipe organ stops

In keeping with the Legion of Honor's majestic edifice, the organ incorporates rare woods: ebony, mahogany, walnut and ivory keys and stops. Three high pressure wind turbines, totaling 48 horsepower (36 kilowatts), supply wind for the organ's pipes and pneumatic system. The instrument includes pneumatic percussion instruments (bass drum, castanets, Chinese block, crash cymbal, snare drum, gong snare drum and tambourine triangle), a thunder pedal, and large tubular chimes.

The organ has four manuals, 107 stops and 4,500 pipes in 63 ranks. The instrument comprises a great organ, swell organ, choir organ (featuring a 16-foot contra dulciana), choir organ echo, solo organ, solo organ echo, an arch organ outfitted with an 8-foot arch clarion, a 64-foot gravissima and a 32-foot bourdon profunda.

Like other Skinner organs, the instrument was designed to replicate an orchestra.

title: Spreckels Organ