text:
Chloropicrin

Chloropicrin, also known as PS (from Port Sunlight ) and nitrochloroform, is a chemical compound currently used as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, and nematicide. It was used as a poison gas in World War I and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine. Its chemical structural formula is Cl3C\sNO2.

Synthesis
Chloropicrin was discovered in 1848 by Scottish chemist John Stenhouse. He prepared it by the reaction of sodium hypochlorite with picric acid:
 * HOC6H2(NO2)3 + 11 NaOCl → 3 Cl3CNO2 + 3 Na2CO3 + 3 NaOH + 2 NaCl

Because of the precursor used, Stenhouse named the compound chloropicrin, although the two compounds are structurally dissimilar.

Today, chloropicrin is manufactured by the reaction of nitromethane with sodium hypochlorite:
 * H3CNO2 + 3 NaOCl → Cl3CNO2 + 3 NaOH

Reaction of chloroform and nitric acid also yields chloropicrin:
 * Cl3CH + HONO2 -> Cl3CNO2 + H2O

Properties
Chloropicrin's chemical formula is CCl3NO2 and its molecular weight is 164.38 grams/mole. Pure chloropicrin is a colorless liquid, with a boiling point of 112 °C. Chloropicrin is sparingly soluble in water with solubility of 2 g/L at 25 °C. It is volatile, with a vapor pressure of 23.2 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) at 25 °C; the corresponding Henry's law constant is 0.00251 atmosphere-cubic meter per mole. The octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of chloropicrin is estimated to be 269. Its soil adsorption coefficient (Koc; normalized to soil organic matter content) is 25 cm3/g.

Use
Chloropicrin was manufactured for use as poison gas in World War I. In agriculture, chloropicrin is injected into soil prior to planting a crop to fumigate soil. Chloropicrin affects a broad spectrum of fungi, microbes and insects. It is commonly used as a stand-alone treatment or in combination / co-formulation with methyl bromide and 1,3-dichloropropene. Chloropicrin is used as an indicator and repellent when fumigating residences for insects with sulfuryl fluoride which is an odorless gas. Chloropicrin's mode of action is unknown (IRAC MoA 8B). Chloropicrin may stimulate weed germination, which can be useful when quickly followed by a more effective herbicide.

In February 2024, Ukrainian General Oleksandr Tarnavskyi accused the Russian Armed Forces of using chloropicrin munitions. In May 2024, the United States Department of State also alleged use of chloropicrin by Russian forces in Ukraine, and imposed sanctions against Russian individuals and entities as a response.

Safety
At a national level, chloropicrin is regulated in the United States by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as a restricted use pesticide. Because of its toxicity and carcinogenicity, distribution and use of chloropicrin is available only to licensed professionals and specially certified growers who are trained in its proper and safe use. In the US, occupational exposure limits have been set at 0.1 ppm over an eight-hour time-weighted average.

Agriculture
In 2008 the US EPA re-approved chloropicrin as safe for use in agricultural settings, stating that treatments "can provide benefits to both food consumers and growers. For consumers, it means more fresh fruits and vegetables can be cheaply produced domestically year-round because several severe pest problems can be efficiently controlled." To ensure chloropicrin is used safely, the EPA requires a strict set of protections for handlers, workers, and persons living and working in and around farmland during treatments. EPA protections were increased in both 2011 and 2012, reducing fumigant exposures and significantly improving safety. Protections include the training of certified applicators supervising pesticide application, the use of buffer zones, posting before and during pesticide application, fumigant management plans, and compliance assistance and assurance measures.

Used as a preplant soil treatment measure, chloropicrin suppresses soilborne pathogenic fungi and some nematodes and insects. According to chloropicrin manufacturers, with a half-life of hours to days, it is completely digested by soil organisms before the crop is planted, making it safe and efficient. Contrary to popular belief, chloropicrin does not sterilize soil and does not deplete the ozone layer, as the compound is destroyed by sunlight. Additionally, chloropicrin has never been found in groundwater, due to its low solubility.

California
In California, experience with acute effects of chloropicrin when used as a soil fumigant for strawberries and other crops led to the release of regulations in January 2015 creating buffer zones and other precautions to minimize exposure of farm workers, neighbors, and passersby.

High concentrations
Chloropicrin is harmful to humans. It can be absorbed systemically through inhalation, ingestion, and the skin. At high concentrations, it is severely irritating to the lungs, eyes, and skin. In World War I, German forces used concentrated chloropicrin against Allied forces as a tear gas. While not as lethal as other chemical weapons, it induced vomiting and forced Allied soldiers to remove their masks to vomit, exposing them to more toxic gases used as weapons during the war.

Damage to protective gear
Chloropicrin and its derivative phosgene oxime have been known to damage or compromise earlier generations of personal protective equipment. Some of the soldiers attacked mentioned a white smoke emerging from their gas masks.

title: Chloropicrin


text:
Statistical time-division multiplexing

Statistical multiplexing is a type of communication link sharing, very similar to dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA). In statistical multiplexing, a communication channel is divided into an arbitrary number of variable bitrate digital channels or data streams. The link sharing is adapted to the instantaneous traffic demands of the data streams that are transferred over each channel. This is an alternative to creating a fixed sharing of a link, such as in general time division multiplexing (TDM) and frequency division multiplexing (FDM). When performed correctly, statistical multiplexing can provide a link utilization improvement, called the statistical multiplexing gain.

Statistical multiplexing is facilitated through packet mode or packet-oriented communication, which among others is utilized in packet switched computer networks. Each stream is divided into packets that normally are delivered asynchronously in a first-come first-served fashion. In alternative fashion, the packets may be delivered according to some scheduling discipline for fair queuing or differentiated and/or guaranteed quality of service. Statistical multiplexing of an analog channel, for example a wireless channel, is also facilitated through the following schemes: Statistical multiplexing normally implies "on-demand" service rather than one that preallocates resources for each data stream. Statistical multiplexing schemes do not control user data transmissions.
 * Random frequency-hopping orthogonal frequency division multiple access (RFH-OFDMA)
 * Code-division multiple access (CDMA), where different amount of spreading codes or spreading factors can be assigned to different users.

Comparison with static TDM
Time domain statistical multiplexing (packet mode communication) is similar to time-division multiplexing (TDM), except that, rather than assigning a data stream to the same recurrent time slot in every TDM, each data stream is assigned time slots (of fixed length) or data frames (of variable lengths) that often appear to be scheduled in a randomized order, and experience varying delay (while the delay is fixed in TDM).

Statistical multiplexing allows the bandwidth to be divided arbitrarily among a variable number of channels (while the number of channels and the channel data rate are fixed in TDM).

Statistical multiplexing ensures that slots will not be wasted (whereas TDM can waste slots). The transmission capacity of the link will be shared by only those users who have packets.

Static TDM and other circuit switching is carried out at the physical layer in the OSI model and TCP/IP model, while statistical multiplexing is carried out at the data link layer and above.

Channel identification
In statistical multiplexing, each packet or frame contains a channel/data stream identification number, or (in the case of datagram communication) complete destination address information.

Usage
Examples of statistical multiplexing are:

 * The MPEG transport stream for digital TV transmission. Statistical multiplexing is used to allow several video, audio and data streams of different data rates to be transmitted over a bandwidth-limited channel (see Statistical multiplexer). The packets have constant lengths. The channel number is denoted Program ID (PID).
 * The UDP and TCP protocols, where data streams from several application processes are multiplexed together. The packets may have varying lengths. The port numbers constitute channel identification numbers (and also address information).
 * The X.25 and Frame Relay packet-switching protocols, where the packets have varying lengths, and the channel number is denoted virtual connection identifier (VCI). The international collection of X.25 providers, using the X.25 protocol suite was colloquially known as "the Packet switched network" in the 1980s and into the beginning of the 1990s.
 * The Asynchronous Transfer Mode packet-switched protocol, where the packets have fixed length. The channel identification number consists of a virtual connection identifier (VCI) and a Virtual Path Identifier (VPI).

Statistical multiplexer
In digital audio and video broadcasting, for example, a statistical multiplexer is a content aggregating device that allows broadcasters to provide the greatest number of audio or video services for a given bandwidth by sharing a pool of fixed bandwidth among multiple services or streams of varying bitrates. The multiplexer allocates to each service the bandwidth required for its real-time needs so that services with complex scenes receive more bandwidth than services with less complex ones. This bandwidth sharing technique produces the best video quality at the lowest possible aggregate bandwidth.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Statistical time-division multiplexing


text:
File:Crazy frog-axel f s.jpeg

Summary
The CD cover for the Swiss release of Crazy Frog's 2005 single "Axel F", from the album Crazy Frog Presents Crazy Hits.

Fair-use in Axel F (Crazy Frog song)
Though this image is subject to copyright, it is covered by US fair use laws because:

 * 1) The image is used only in the article the image is associated with;
 * 2) The image is a low-resolution copy of a CD artwork;
 * 3) The image does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD in any way;
 * 4) The image is significant because it was made by a significant artist.

title: File:Crazy frog-axel f s.jpeg


text:
User talk:Rick Block/WP600 not admins

User:Evil Monkey is now an admin and he can be removed from the list. Howabout1 Talk to me!  01:49, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Wik is banned, as is his sockpuppet Gzornenplatz. Lir is banned, and Pizza Puzzle was his sockpuppet. Jumbuck is a bot. Mike Garcia was nominated but had his RfA closed down by Jimbo. Uncle G was nominated a while back but his RfA failed. I think there are a few more like this that could probably be removed, but these are the ones that jumped out of me. Good work on compiling this list! Hopefully a few overlooked candidates will be promoted as a result. — Trilobite (Talk) 02:01, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the updates. I've removed all the above. -- Rick Block (talk) 03:51, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * Tim Starling is a developer and has far more than admin powers. Pcb21| Pete 07:58, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Pumpie nominated himself, but failed. Project2501a 23:52, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Inactive?
Have you checked all the editors listed to see if they are still currently active, or only the ones that you've marked? Blank Verse  ∅  15:58, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm working down the list (and it will take some time). Feel free to mark anyone you know is inactive. -- Rick Block (talk) 19:19, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * I took a very quick look, but didn't see anyone. I assume that you've already compared the list against Missing Wikipedians. Maybe you could get User:Mike Garcia to help you (so he can add names to WP:MW that have really been gone for awhile, rather than adding names of people who haven't edited in a week or two). Blank Verse   ∅   20:45, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Not a good idea
Rick, I hope you don't mind this observation, but I think this list of yours is not a good idea. People chosen for adminship should be responsible editors who are able to collaborate with others, who have a fairly wide range of interests, and who make good contributions to the encyclopedia, post on talk pages, do a little janitorial work, etc. You seem to be judging by numbers of edits alone, which is often very misleading — single-issue editors who make lots of minor edits (e.g. adding categories) will often have enormous numbers of edits to their names, and yet will have no knowledge of the community, and no experience of adding substantive content. I've noticed on your list some names of people who would definitely not be good candidates (not by any standard). Can I ask you to reconsider the use of this list? SlimVirgin (talk) 03:15, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi again Rick, I meant the query to be in both places, but if you want to delete one, I'd prefer you kept this one. Thanks, SlimVirgin (talk) 04:00, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * The point is not that everyone on this list should be an admin, or that I think edits should be the only criteria. On the other hand, I think most users who have large numbers of edits have demonstrated at least a large time commitment to Wikipedia (which I'd hope you would agree is a reasonable criteria).  It's also one of the only truly objective measures of participation that's available.  I'd like people to use a list like this as a resource to help avoid the appearance of admins as a clique.  Wikipedia is big enough with enough nooks and crannies, that I think it's quite possible for highly responsible editors to essentially go unnoticed.  Is there some harm you think it does? -- Rick Block (talk) 03:43, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, as I said, a large number of edits can be a sign of someone concentrating on minor edits, and not making substantive contributions. Your list also has no way of telling who is a sockpuppet. The best way for admins to be nominated is by people who've come to know them, and who've watched them make decent contributions to the main namespace and to talk pages, policy pages, doing janitorial tasks etc. You can't judge any of that from looking at numbers of contribs. Sometimes there's a good reason that a person with a large number of contribs hasn't been nominated, or hasn't won a vote. Why would people need to use a list, when they can nominate people they've come to know? SlimVirgin (talk) 04:07, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm still not getting what the harm is. There's a reasonably extensive discussion of this idea at Wikipedia talk:Requests for adminship.  If you don't want to use this list, please feel free to ignore it.  Someone else might find a name on this list of someone they thought must have already been an admin, and might nominate this person as a result.  Why would this be bad? -- Rick Block (talk) 05:01, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

As I see it this list is useful because there comes a point when someone is so well established in the community that people begin to assume they're an admin, and the chance of a nomination decreases. A list of users who've made a lot of edits but who aren't admins allows people to scan the list and think "I was sure they were an admin." Nominating people just because they've made a lot of edits, without taking anything else into account, would definitely be a bad idea. Compiling a list like this to prevent those who deserve to be admins from being overlooked seems like a good one. Of course there are going to be unsuitable candidates in this list, but these can just be disregarded. I would not be happy with someone going down the list nominating everyone on it, but I don't think anyone is doing that. — Trilobite (Talk) 05:16, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * what about people that are below the 600, but still would make good editors? Project2501a 10:32, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure I understand the question. WP:RFA is open to nominations and self-nominations at any time for any reason.  I don't think anyone is suggesting that nominations be limited to users on this (or any other) list. -- Rick Block (talk) 14:37, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * I would like to object to a user who has starred his name becoming admin. What is the correct mean of notifying the wikipolice that I wish to make such a complaint? Leonig Mig 00:44, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * There is no guarantee anyone on this list, starred or not, will ever be nominated on WP:RFA. If you have problems with a particular user who has indicated an interest in becoming an admin I'd strongly suggest you talk it over with that user.  If you'd like, you can add WP:RFA to your watchlist for as long as you'd like and indicate your opinion about that user if or when they are ever nominated (or nominate themself).  If you have some particular dispute you would like resolved, please see Dispute_resolution which describes a variety of ways to help resolve disputes (as well as the process for notifying the "wikipolice" if you have a serious problem with any user, on this list or not).  If you're simply stuck and would like to talk about something in confidence, feel free to send me or perhaps an admin an email.  Please do not add opinions here, for or against any user on this list.  And, BTW, thank you for not identifying the user you're talking about.  -- Rick Block (talk) 02:18, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

Disclaimer
Your disclaimer is a good idea. You should also mention checking the archives for WP:RFAR, and checking WP:RFC. Blank Verse  ∅  21:20, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It was actually in response to concerns raised by user:SlimVirgin. I sort of assume anyone in an active or recent dispute who ends up on WP:RFA would get noticed in the normal course of events.  Perhaps these should really go on the RFA page as instructions to the folks voting there.  I'd rather not add a bunch watch out for this or that kind of bad user stuff here.  But maybe I'm not nearly cynical enough (which anyone who knows me well would find quite a funny idea). -- Rick Block (talk) 22:16, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

Previously nominated
You've marked everybody who was previously nominated with an asterisk, but I think that there are some of those editors who will not want to be nominated again. It is probably better to unmark them and wait for each editor to express a renewed interest in becoming an admin. Blank Verse  ∅  15:35, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It was my first approximation guess. I'm actually explicitly polling everyone on this list (which is taking some time). The message I'm leaving for the previous noms says they're marked as interested and to delete the mark if they're not.  There are few enough that I can do them first.  Do you think this is good enough? -- Rick Block (talk) 18:11, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * That's up to you. Especially for those few editors whose first RFA bombed, however, they may be sensitive about the issue. Blank Verse   ∅   18:30, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I've had a few RFA's, and have done progressively better each time. last time it was dead even. I wouldn't want someone nominating me w/o asking tho, and I already have a couple of admins who have offered to nominate me when the time is right. really, I'm mainly waiting for my trolls to die off ;) Sam Spade 22:58, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah rigghhht. As they are you, no doubt. Could it possibly be that if you didn't repeatedly insult and attack other editors you wouldn't have half of wikipedia opposed to trusting you as an admin? Typical SS, blame others for your problems. 63.164.145.198 23:30, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for proving my point, you are exactly the sort of user I was talking about. Sam Spade 23:43, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

User:RK
He doesn't appear to be banned - he is editing. Guettarda 14:59, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * He has been blocked/restricted at least once by the arbcom, but is currently allowed to edit. He once called this the "Nazipedia" on the mailing list, to give you an idea ;) Sam Spade 15:04, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the explanation Sam. Guettarda 15:08, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Formatting problem
Thanks for the suggestion. Your comment on my talk page is badly mangled, when viewed in FireFox. Andy Mabbett 16:13, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * There was an extra space (leading space on the line). Sorry about that. -- Rick Block (talk) 18:03, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)

Updates
Planning on updating the list every so often? Zscout370 (Sound Off) 06:45, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

You should totally update it! This is a very useful info, and I'm inspired. I hope to be on here after some time (doesn't mean I have admin aspirations tho). -Theanphibian (talk • contribs) 01:43, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I haven't updated it since List of non-admins with high edit counts was created (which, as I recollect, is based on database queries rather than laborious manual methods). Is there some need the automatically generated list is not meeting? -- Rick Block (talk) 04:28, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * That other list actually is updated manually as well. It's too bad there isn't currently a way to automate it.  Enigma  message Review 02:21, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rick Block/WP600 not admins


text:
Talk:Archery at the 1972 Summer Olympics

"Each event was composed of two FITA rounds..."

What does FITA stand for? I don't see an explanation anywhere. --Mihoshi 01:50, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * International Archery Federation. I've wikilinked it in the article as well. -- Jonel 14:38, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
Talk:Greater Houston/Archive 1

New Census Designation
The U.S. Census designation for the Houston Metropolitan Area is no longer Houston—Galveston—Brazoria. The new designation is now Houston—Sugar Land—Baytown as of November 2004. -- UH Collegian

New Map Request
Can someone please replace the image for the area coverage of this metropolitan area? I do not know how to do it nor do I know where to get the image. As of 2003, the metropolitan area covers 10 counties instead of the map showing only eight counties. Any help is appreciated! UH Collegian 08:12, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Naming conventions
UHC, I've noticed that you have redirected Houston Metropolitan Area to Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown Metropolitan Area. I personally disagree with this change. While it may be a more technically correct naming style, it's not what anybody refers to it as and probably is not what anybody is going to link to it as, which is going to mean a huge headache. It will mean regularly checking Houston Metropolitan Area for disambiguation, and will mean a load of nicknames inside the article text, because Houston Metropolitan Area is much more reader-friendly than H-SL-BMA. I propose H-SL-BMA be made a redirect to HMA. · Katefan0(scribble) 19:09, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Sugar Land Regional Airport?
We mention Intercontinental and Hobby, and then go on to mention Sugar Land's airport, which the article says is the 4th largest in the metro area. 1, 2, and ... 4? What's 3? · Katefan0(scribble) 13:53, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Third would be Ellington Field. UH Collegian 16:53, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * All right, well, the article should mention that. 1, 2, 4 looks a little weird. · Katefan0(scribble) 14:04, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I added Ellington. I also removed some excess detail about Sugar Land's airport; it can go in an article about the airport itself or in the Sugar Land article, but it's too much here.  No other airport has that level of detail in the article currently, nor should it. · Katefan0(scribble) 14:08, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

"Most Diverse"
I am unclear what the "most diverse" metropolitan area even means. Is it racial diversity, cultural diversity, or some other kind? Would someone kindly elaborate on this claim, define it, or provide a source? I don't know how long ago this claim was added to the article and I'm eager to hear the explanation. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 146.23.68.25 (talk • contribs).

Metro area situated in East Texas?
Maybe 20% of it by area. The metro area is quite large and sits on more than one geographical borderline.

Living here all my life except for university days, "East Texas" is referred to as that place 60-70 miles north with the lush pine trees, violent thunderstorms, and definite rural "southernness." It starts in Conroe, Montgomery County. The vast majority of this area are filled with oak trees and swamp weeds. Most pine trees here are not native and not as healthy looking as the East Texas piney woods.

The northern suburbs are much like true East Texas while the city of Houston and the south/west and southeast suburbs are much like true "South Texas" in geography and Hispanic population. And even more, the far northwest suburbs are much like the rolling plains of central Texas plains. More references:

 * US district courts have most metro area counties in the South Texas district, also headquartered in Houston.

 * South Texas College of Law, Houston, TX

Also the term "South Texas" is constantly used in news/weather casts and commercials describing the area... East Texas is still to the north. The "East Texas" courts and college with that name in it, are also to the north. 90% of the time, we refer to this region as "Southeast Texas," as do NOAA emergency weathercasts. No matter what the Cajuns in Beaumont/Port Arthur say.

Just had to throw that out there. I'm not editing anything, but accuracy could be better. South Texas and East Texas are not the most accurate descriptions. Southeast Texas is even more accurate... but we can debate about these all day.

No argument that most of this area is in the "Gulf Coast" region, some in the Piney Woods, and some in Prairies and Lakes. The other regions of the state are South Texas Plains, Big Bend Country, and the Panhandle Plains

Are these regions factual or do they not exist anymore??? Do we strive for factual, encyclopedic accuracy or is everything on Wikipedia written to be debated about? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 208.2.29.5 (talk) 18:39, 4 April 2007 (UTC).

 * Please see the East Texas article for some insight. Postoak 20:27, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

Square mileage
I look at the info box and notice that there is something wrong those numbers. It says that the Greater Houston area has a square mileage 10,000+. Then I went over to the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area article and noticed that it said they have metro square mileage of only 4,000+ when, by looking at the maps, their metro area is clearly larger than Houstons. Does someone know how this might have happened?--68.201.118.165 04:57, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Greater Houston/Archive 1


text:
User:Christopherlin/Old

Edit 500: 20:48, 11 Aug 2004 m Mammal (endotherm)

This user profile is a stub.

09:10, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC) This is my 63rd edit of roughly a single sitting, which has lasted about 6 hours and 30 minutes.

So, after the Twelve Days of Christmas: On the fifth (something) of Wikipedia, my contributions were Five (on) ethnic slurs (More than) Four renamings (Way more than) three '+cat's Two new articles And a merge of bicycle frame.

05:14, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC) Since I was counting the edits to #1000, it kind of invalidates it if I try to pick an article to edit. So I'm being lame and editing my user page instead. Eight months for 1000 edits.

06:32, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC) Taking a wikibreak for a while.

title: User:Christopherlin/Old


text:
Dorchester Branch

The Dorchester Branch may refer to either of the following Massachusetts rail lines:
 * The Fairmount Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail system
 * The Ashmont branch of the MBTA rapid transit Red Line

title: Dorchester Branch


text:
Indigo Line

The Indigo Line was a proposed rapid transit service of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority that would have incorporated parts of the former Grand Junction Railroad, the Seaport District's Track 61, a spur to Riverside station and other MBTA Commuter Rail lines.

The Indigo Line project was officially proposed in 2014 and was canceled in 2016.

History
Conversion of underutilized rail infrastructure within the Greater Boston area into regional rail or semi-metro services has been discussed for several decades, mostly in relation to the Fairmount Line. The term "Indigo Line" dates back to the creation of the Fairmount Indigo Planning Initiative in 2012; this study was facilitated by the Boston Redevelopment Authority (now the Boston Planning and Development Agency) which recommended transforming the Fairmount Line into a hybrid rail line (similar to New Jersey Transit's River Line). The hybrid approach was intended to be a low cost alternative to implementing high-frequency services on existing right-of-ways through the use of small lightweight rolling stock.

2014 proposal
The Indigo Line project was formally proposed as a MBTA capital project in 2014 with the release of its annual five-year capital plan; the proposal was further outlined within the "MBTA Vision for 2024" proposal the same year.

As proposed within the Vision for 2024 plan, the Indigo Line would have operated diesel multiple units for its rolling stock and would be fully operational in that year. The proposed 2014 state budget included $240 million to purchase DMU railcars; the state issued a request for proposals to purchase 30 trainsets with deliveries starting in 2018. An order of Nippon Sharyo DMUs for Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit in 2014 included an option for 18 cars to be provided to the MBTA for the Indigo Line service. Additionally, the plan called for the installation of a pre-pay fare system on Indigo Line routes with fixed fare pricing, similar to the MBTA subway.

Routes considered
The MBTA Vision for 2024 map proposed six possible lines to be upgraded for Indigo Line DMU service:

 * The current Fairmount Line
 * South Station to Riverside via the Framingham/Worcester Line and an old right of way from that line to Riverside currently used for trolley operator training
 * Back Bay to the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center using Track 61
 * North Station to the planned West Station using the Grand Junction Railroad, with a new stop in Cambridge
 * North Station to Anderson RTC on the Lowell Line
 * North Station to Lynn on the Newburyport/Rockport Line

Project cancelation
Funding for the Indigo Line project would be blocked by the Baker administration in 2016. The abandonment of the project was attributed to costs associated with acquiring specialized rolling stock along with general skepticism towards the practicality of the overall service. Opponents to the service cited the low ridership of the Fairmount Line (weekday ridership was 2,652 in 2018), as well as questioned the operational logistics of the proposed routes (mainly pertaining to how the Track 61 line would have bypassed South Station).

Partial implementation
The Fairmount Line Improvement Project adopted by the MBTA is based on preliminary Indigo Line plans; however, in its initial proposal the MBTA did not plan to increase service frequency to match rapid transit lines, nor to install pre-pay fare systems. The infill stations proposed by the initiative have been built; however, the line still uses conventional commuter rail equipment.

Additional proposals
The Indigo Line terminology was revived in 2023 within both Senate and House versions of a bill that would mandate the conversion of the MBTA's Fairmount Line to fully electrified operations by 2029 in order to effectively integrate the line with the MBTA’s rapid transit network under the Indigo Line banner. The 2023 legislation diverges from a previous MBTA proposal from 2022 that suggested the procurement of battery multiple units for the Fairmount Line as opposed to full electrification. The legislation was included in a Joint Committee on Transportation hearing on May 8, 2023, which has since been referred to the House Ways and Means Committee.

On March 16, 2024, MBTA Commuter Rail operator Keolis solicited a proposal that outlined the implementation of BEMU services on the Fairmount Line by FY 2027 as leverage for contract renewal; however, the MBTA has not reciprocated this motion as a formal project.

Despite renewed legislative support, the Indigo Line has not been formally proposed as a MBTA project and is not in active development.

title: Indigo Line


text: User talk:81.174.243.252

title: User talk:81.174.243.252


text:
Origins Institute

The Origins Institute (OI) is an interdisciplinary science research institute at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. It began its operations as an institute on July 1, 2004. The OI's vision is to promote origins research that addresses fundamental, unresolved big questions in science, such as: "How did the universe begin?", "How did stars, galaxies and planets form?", "What is the origin of matter and of the elements?", "How did life begin on Earth, and can it also develop on other planets?", "What was the nature of the Universal Ancestor, and how did life evolve from it?", and "How did intelligent beings arise and evolve on Earth"?.

The Origins Institute research is categorized into six interconnecting themes: space-time (particle physics), elements and matter (nuclear astrophysics), structure of the universe (astronomy), life (evolutionary biology, astrobiology), species (biodiversity), and consciousness (neuroscience). Reflecting the trans-disciplinary nature of the research done at the OI, professional members within the institute hail from many fields, including anthropology, astrobiology, astrophysics, biochemistry, biology, chemistry, mathematics, neuroscience, and philosophy.

Ralph Pudritz, a theoretical astrophysicist at McMaster, spearheaded the OI project and was its first director. Jonathon Stone, a computational biologist from McMaster, was the institute's first associate director. Well-known academics David Deamer, Martin Rees and Stuart Kauffman sit on the OI advisory council. The current director of the institute is Professor Paul Higgs.

Outreach and conferences
One of the focuses of the Origins Institute is public outreach. To that end, the OI hosts an annual season of public lectures and weekly colloquia that draw in top scientists from around the world. The OI also runs a 3D theatre to show movies on scientific topics to the public. The OI furthermore hosts scientific conferences that address origins themes. Its meeting have included 'Astrobiology and the Origins of Life' (May 2005), 'The Genomics Revolution and the Origin of Humanity' (August 2006), 'Origins of Dark Energy', organized jointly with the Perimeter Institute (May 2007), 'Darwin's Legacy: Natural Selection as an Organising Principle in Science' (May 2009) in celebration of the 150th anniversary of Darwin's "Origin of Species", 'The Origins of Stars and Their Planetary Systems' (June 2012), 'Star Formation Jamboree' (May 2013), and 'The Origins and Evolution of Bacterial Genomes" (Dec 2014).

List of directors
Current director: Jonathon Stone
 * 2004 - 2015 - Ralph Pudritz
 * 2015- ?? Paul Higgs

List of associate directors

 * 2004 - 2015 - Jonathon Stone

title: Origins Institute


text:
Crazy Watto

Crazy Watto is a two-minute-long fan film that made its debut on the Internet in 2000. The film is a spoof of used car deal ads shown on television, featuring Watto from Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. Watto offers up for sale familiar ships (and objects) such as an X-wing with "genuine battle marks used in the Battle of Yavin" for $599.99 and an AT-AT for $999.99. Fans of other sci-fi shows notice that he auctions a Borg cube for $899.99, and also puts up ships from Star Trek and Captain Power and the Soldiers of the Future for $29.99 each.

The film played at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival, and is a popular fan film at many science fiction conventions. The film was originally hosted by TheForce.Net, but is now part of The Official Star Wars Fan Film Awards on AtomFilms.

title: Crazy Watto


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Talk:Khazar language

mistake
OKHQURÜM, "I read (this or it)" (Modern Turkish: OKURUM)

Modern Turkish is: OKUDUM not OKURUM

R may be an Oghur version of Oghuz D — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.150.65.237 (talk) 20:22, 6 October 2015 (UTC)

Dialect
Coon's studies compiled indicate the Khazar language a dialect of Jagatai

Questions
From what I've heard, when the Khazars converted to Judaism, they adopted Jewish Hebrew. (Not all varieties of Hebrew are Jewish. There is also Samaritan Hebrew.)

This brings up several questions:

Did Jewish Hebrew (or at least Jewish Hebrew as spoken by Khazars) absorb any Khazar words?

After the Khazars adopted Jewish Hebrew, was their Jewish Hebrew different that that of other Jews? (see above question)

IF Jewish Hebrew of any type absorbed any Khazar words, is there ANY way of knowing whether or not those words came from the Khazar language? In other words: could there be commonly known and used words in Jewish Hebrew that came from the Khazar language, without it being known they were originally Khazar words?

I suspect A LOT of people are wondering the same things.

Gringo300 01:59, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not a linguist but I have never heard of any scholar suggesting that Turkic or Khazar words appear in Hebrew. It is true that some Khazar documents from the post-conversion period are written in Hebrew. See Khazar Correspondence, Schechter Letter, Kievian Letter. The extent to which Hebrew words may have entered the Khazar language in everyday speach is impossible to determine, given how little we know about the language. However, it's interesting to note that the word for Saturday in the Kipchak language is "Shabbat Kun"; whether they got Shabbat from the Khazars is impossible to determine. --Briangotts 02:33, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Attempting to do research on Khazar language
So far, it has been incredibly frustrating...

Gringo300 00:31, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Unfortunately, you won't find very much. Our knowledge of the Khazar language is frightfully limited. The best source I can recommend to you is Khazar Studies by Peter Golden. It should be available in a decent university or research library, possibly through interlibrary loan. Briangotts 00:43, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Khazar Language extinct?
If you cannot determine what language they spoke how can you say it is extinct? What makes you think that Khazars a Turkic people spoke an 'extinct' language? Why can't Khazars speak Turkic and believe that Moses is the Prophet of God? If they did not speak Turkish why would they name their kids with Turkish names? Please see http://www.khazaria.com site AverageTurkishJoe 20:11, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't follow. Nobody is saying that the Khazar did not speak a Turkic language. In fact the article is quite clear that they DID speak Turkic. Nor is anyone denying that they named their kids with Turkic names or that they practiced Judaism. All of these things are true. But it's also true that the particular Turkic language spoken by them is not spoken any longer by any current group. Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 23:29, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

 * That is exactly my point! How do we know it is not spoken any longer by any group? The "only written word in Khazarian Language" HWQWRWM mentined in the article is exactly the same in Modern Turkish (Okurum : I read). Karaims of Crimea claim a Khazar and Kipchak ancestry and speak Turkish (and not just a Turkic language.) One data point is not enough to refute or confirm a theory but there does not seem to be any evidence that Khazar Language is not spoken by any group anymore. One can claim that Karaims were in contact with Istanbul throught the history so their language might have been influenced by Turkish. If you are familiar with Codex Cumanicus which is the antology of the Kipchak language of that time there is a good chance that Khazar Language was the language in Codex Cumanicus and it is very much alive today. AverageTurkishJoe 02:47, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

 * By this logic, we also can't say the language ISN'T extinct. There is no proof that any Turkic language being spoken today is the same one that the Khazars spoke.  And no, you can't base it upon a single word (okurum).  --Stacey Doljack Borsody 03:02, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry, read the works of Peter Golden and other scholars. The word is the only word extant written in the original Khazar alphabet, not the only word. Scholarly consensus is that the language is quite different from the Cuman language and that it is now extinct and has been for some time. Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 14:25, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Peter Golden says: "Khazaria, for example, which as a genuine state had a need for literacy, has left us only documents in Hebrew, reflecting the Judaization of the ruling elements. Indeed, their language about which there are still many unanswered questions, is known, such as it is, almost exclusively from the titles and names of prominent Khazars recorded in the historical records of neighboring sedentary states." If there are new developments in this please include the references in the article.

(removed my earlier quote from Peter Golden)[] AverageTurkishJoe (talk) 01:56, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

 * It looks like the person in the first post is confusing the terms "Turkish" and "Turkic". I can't complain much, though, because I did too at one time. Gringo300 05:13, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Failed GA
I'm removing this article from the GA/self nom list because: AndyZ 00:51, 3 March 2006 (UTC)
 * No sections, implying that there is no clear-cut lead
 * Article is too short, and comprehensiveness needs to be worked on
 * Lack of inline citations (not a reason for removal, just a note)
 * Image does not have copyright tag

 * The image is a copy of a thousand-year old text. It is ineligible for copyright Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 03:24, 3 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The article has been expanded somewhat but won't be any longer because there is not much more to say given the paucity of information on the subject. However, the article is of the utmost importance to both linguistics and Judaism. Best, Eklir (talk) 02:19, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

--

Is Altaic disputed ?
If there exists a dispute, what is?. I shall wait for a while for any discussion, if no reliable information or source (scientific journals are the best place to find primary source articles) given there, i'll remove the Altaic "(disputed)" statement. Furthermore, if there exist such a dispute, this should be done in the "Altaic Languages" section. e104421

 * I think there might be a misunderstanding. There is no dispute that Altaic is a language group. There is some dispute as to whether the khazar language was in fact Altaic. Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 16:08, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The Altaic theory has its controversies (can be read at Altaic Languages. Do you mean there is some dispute as to whether the Khazar language was Turkic or that Turkic languages are Altaic?  --Stacey Doljack Borsody 16:16, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi, The main problem is related with the "(disputed)" tag, cause this leads misunderstanding. There exists Altaic Languages but there is going on discussion about Altaic thesis. This "(disputed)" tag causes the misunderstanding that "--- language's being Altaic is disputed". For this reason, i'm supporting to remove the "disputed" tag. The discussion should be done either in the Altaic Languages page or maybe better in the Altaic hypothesis page. We're stil discussing the issue. e104421 3 September 2006, 20:25 (UCT)
 * Since the time of this discussion, linguists have abandoned Altaic as a language group, even the linguist that first proposed it. FYI. 50.111.46.18 (talk) 12:03, 21 August 2018 (UTC)

Khazarian Rovas script
Based on the researches carried out in Hungary in the last decades, the Hungarian science obtained some interesting results. Since most of the publications in Hungarian, these results are not well-known. I recommend to visit the following pages:
 * Alsószentmihály Rovas inscription - this is the relic of a Khazarian leader, whose religion was Karaite,
 * Khazarian Rovas script - this is a comprehensive overview of the Khazarian Rovas script, albeit it is very short. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rovasscript (talk • contribs) 13:36, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

What the hell does it even mean to suggest that "the Khazar language was Common Turkic, not Ogur"? The Khazar language was spoken in the 10th century. Surely nobody is suggesting it is identical with Proto-Turkic? As the Common Turkic article points out, "Southwestern Common Turkic" is just another term for Oghuz.

I am in no position to judge whether the publication by Vékony (2004) is worthless, or alternatively just the people reporting the alleged content of that publication, but something is going terribly wrong here. Before we go into the question whether the gist of Vékony is reported accurately, we need to know if Nap Kiad is an academic publisher, viz. if we are looking at an academic reference here. If this is just the normal hobbyist rune-cruft, we can safely ignore it. If it is academic, we need to figure out what the hell Vékony actually tried to say. --dab (𒁳) 13:58, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Vékony is an academic indeed (he was an archaeologist officially, but well read in history and also in historical linguistics). However, the cited 2004 book is a postumous edition of his unpublished manuscripts he was working on. The quality of the *editorial* work is miserable, the contents and Vékony's research are inspiring though. Therefore I'd remove the "dubious" tag from the *citation* itself. Conserning the "Khazarian" script, however, there is no widely accepted reading. Both Russian scientists did some readings (Kyzlasov), and also Vékony has kontributed, but I would not call the reading definitive or solved, and would consider the script as undeciphered, by large. Szabi (talk) 11:42, 27 November 2011 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 21:11, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

What are "Europoid somatic elements"?
Strange and perhaps even somewhat creepy sentence: "According to anthropological data, it was ruled by Inner Asian Mongoloid (with some Europoid somatic elements) core tribes."--98.111.164.239 (talk) 09:16, 1 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Khazar language


text:
Domowina

Domowina (lit. 'Home') is a political independent league of the Sorbian and Wendish people and umbrella organization of Sorbian societies in Lower and Upper Lusatia, Germany. It represents the interests of Sorbian people and is the continual successor of the previous Domowina League of the Lusatian Sorbs (Domowina Bund Lausitzer Sorben, Zwjazk Łužiskich Serbow, Zwězk Łužyskich Serbow). The organization has been a member of the Federal Union of European Nationalities since 1990.

Name
The Sorbian word Domowina is a poetic expression for 'homeland'. The name was proposed by Domowina co-founder Bogumił Šwjela, then Lutheran pastor of Nochten and Sorbian linguist.

History
The Domowina institution, founded in Hoyerswerda in 1912, is situated in Bautzen (Budyšin) in Saxony alongside other cultural institutions of the Sorbian people for which it serves as an umbrella organization.

The Domowina was closed by Nazi authorities in 1937 and reopened on 10 May 1945, right after the end of World War II, and regained official status in the German Democratic Republic.

Under East German rule, Domowina was a mass organization included in the National Front, and was effectively controlled by the SED. Though the government did recognize Sorbs as a linguistic community within the GDR, they were not recognized as a minority, which ran contrary to the demands of the league. Upon the fall of communism in East Germany and German reunification, Domowina was reformed yet again, this time as an independent organization.

Regional associations
In Sorbian, the regional associations are called župa.

 * Domowina Regional Association "Jan Arnošt Smoler" Bautzen:
 * founded July 24, 1921 in Bautzen

 * Domowina Regional Association "Michał Hórnik" Kamenz:
 * founded July 24, 1921 in Crostwitz

 * Domowina Regional Association "Handrij Zejler" Hoyerswerda:
 * founded July 24, 1921 in Hoyerswerda

 * Domowina Regional Association Lower Lusatia in Cottbus:
 * founded May 31, 1991 in Cottbus by fusing the former regional associations of Cottbus (since 1949/50), Guben/Forst (1954), Calau/Lübben (1955) and Spremberg (1956)

 * Domowina Regional Association "Jakub Lorenc-Zalěski" in Schleife:
 * founded October 28, 2013 as a successor of the Regional Association Weißwasser and Niesky which in turn was created in 1991 by fusing the two regional associations of Niesky and Weißwasser. Those were once one regional association (Niesky, founded 1945), but separated for political reasons in 1957 to match the administrative division of the GDR.

Members
The following associations are members of the Domowina:
 * the regional associations of Domowina (Sorbian: župa)
 * the Sorbian School Association
 * the Union of Sorbian Students
 * the Serbski Sokoł (Sorbian Sports Association)
 * the Sorbian Cultural Tourism Association
 * the Maćica Serbska (Sorbian Scientific Association)
 * the Union of Sorbian Choirs
 * the Sorbian Artists Association
 * the Society of Saints Cyril and Methodius (Association of Catholic Sorbs)
 * Pawk (Sorbian Youth Association)
 * the Sorbian Union of Trade
 * the Sorbian Cultural Sponsoring Society
 * the Society for the Promotion of Sorbian Culture and Informal Center in Berlin
 * the Bildungsgut Schmochtitz Sankt Benno (as a sponsoring member)

Seat
The Domowina has its main seat in the Serbski dom in Bautzen.

Branch offices

 * Haus der Sorben Bautzen (Serbski dom Budyšin)
 * Wendisches Haus Cottbus (Serbski dom Chóśebuz)

Regional offices

 * Regionalbüro Kamenz (Kamjenc) in Crostwitz (Chrósćicy)
 * Regionalbüro Hoyerswerda (Wojerecy)
 * Regionalbüro Bautzen (Budyšin)
 * Regionalbüro Weißwasser/Niesky (Běła Woda/Niska) in Schleife (Slepo)

Association's journal
Domowina's association's journal is Naša Domowina ("Our Domowina"). Originally, it was created by Pawoł Nedo a supplement for the Serbske nowiny newspaper in 1935. Today, it bears the full name Naša Domowina – Informacije třěšneho zwjazka * Informacije kšywowego zwězka * Informationen des Dachverbandes ("Our Domowina – Information from the umbrella organization") in Upper Sorbian, Lower Sorbian and German. It is issued by the Bautzen branch office of Domowina.

title: Domowina


text:
Brice Guyart

Brice Guyart (born 15 March 1981 in Suresnes) is a foil fencer from France. He won a gold medal in the team foil event at the 2000 Summer Olympics and a gold in the individual foil at the 2004 Summer Olympics. He is the older brother of Astrid Guyart.

Honours

 * 2000 – Team Olympic Champion
 * 2001 – Team World Champion with France
 * 2001 – World Bronze Medal
 * 2003 – World Bronze Medal
 * 2004 – Olympic Champion
 * 2005 – Team World Champion

title: Brice Guyart


text:
Talk:Vanessa Paradis

Vanessa Paradis
I'm new to editing on wikipedia. Can somebody help me with this part:

She is also widely known as the ex partner of Johnny Depp since 1998 before they eventually spilt up in 2012, due to unknown reasons, Some say over domestic disputes overheard by their neighbours.

This is rumor based, lacks a source and is placed oddly. There is also a capital letter after the comma.. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.20.128.34 (talk) 00:55, 7 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vanessa Paradis


text:
Elihu Vedder

Elihu Vedder (26 February 1836 – 29 January 1923) was an American symbolist painter, book illustrator and poet from New York City. He is best known for his fifty-five illustrations for Edward FitzGerald's translation of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (deluxe edition, published by Houghton Mifflin).

Biography
Elihu Vedder was born on 26 February 1836 in New York City, the son of Dr. Elihu Vedder Sr. and Elizabeth Vedder. His parents were cousins. His father, a dentist, decided to try his luck in Cuba, and this had a profound impact on Elihu Jr.'s childhood. The remainder of his childhood was spent between his maternal grandfather Alexander Vedder's house in Schenectady and a boarding school. His mother supported his goals to be an artist while his father reluctantly assented, convinced that his son should try a different occupation. His brother, Dr. Alexander Madison Vedder, was a Navy surgeon who witnessed the transformation of Japan into a modern culture while he was stationed there.

Vedder trained in New York City with Tompkins H. Matteson, then in Paris with François-Édouard Picot. Finally, he completed his studies in Italy - where he was strongly influenced not only by Italian Renaissance work but also by the modern Macchiaioli painters and the living Italian landscape. He first visited Italy from 1858 until 1860, becoming deeply emotionally attached to fellow painter Giovanni Costa. Their idyllic trips through the Italian countryside were cut short because Vedder's father cut off his financial allowance.

Penniless, Vedder returned to the United States during the American Civil War and made a small living undertaking commercial illustrations. He was involved in the bohemian 'Pfaff's' coffee house group and painted some of his most memorable paintings notable for their visionary nature, romantic imagery and often Oriental influences. Paintings of this time include The Roc's Egg, The Fisherman and the Genii, and one of his most famous works, Lair of the Sea Serpent. In the United States, Vedder sought out and befriended Walt Whitman, Herman Melville and William Morris Hunt. Vedder became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1865. At the end of the Civil War, Vedder left America to live in Italy.

He married Caroline Rosekrans on 13 July 1869 in Glen Falls, New York. Elihu Vedder and his wife had four children, only two of whom survived. His daughter Anita Herriman Vedder played a vital role in handling the business of her father, who was notorious for his general aloofness towards details. Elihu's son Enoch Rosekrans Vedder was a promising architect who married jewelry designer Angela Reston. Enoch died while visiting his parents in Italy on 2 April 1916. Elihu had a home in Rome and - after the financial success of his 1884 Rubaiyat work - on the Isle of Capri, then a haven for male aesthetes.

Vedder visited England many times, and was influenced by the Pre-Raphaelites, and was a friend of Simeon Solomon. He was also influenced by the work of English and Irish mystics such as William Blake and William Butler Yeats. In 1890 Vedder helped establish the In Arte Libertas group in Italy.

Tiffany commissioned him to design glassware, mosaics and statuettes for the company. He decorated the hallway of the Reading Room of the Washington Library of Congress, and his mural paintings can still be seen there.

Vedder occasionally returned to the United States, but lived only in Italy from 1906 until his death on 29 January 1923. He is buried in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome. There are no known living descendants of Elihu Vedder as both surviving children died without issue.

Exhibitions
In 2008, the Smithsonian American Art Museum organized an exhibition of Vedder's Rubaiyat illustrations that toured several museums, including the Phoenix Art Museum.

title: Elihu Vedder


text:
Harold Gramatges

Harold Gramatges (26 September 1918 – 16 December 2008) was a Cuban composer, pianist, and teacher.

Gramatges was born in Santiago, Cuba. In 1941, he entered the conservatory in Santiago de Cuba to study under professor Dulce María Serret, and went on to study composition at the Municipal Conservatoire of Havana with Amadeo Roldán and José Ardévol (Rodriguez 2001), and with professor Flora Mora.In 1942, he travelled to United States to complete his studies at Berkshire Music Center under Aaron Copland (composition) and Serge Koussevitzky (conducting) (Rodriguez 2001).

He later founded and directed Cuba's Municipal Conservatory Orchestra, where he worked as professor of Harmony, Composition, Aesthetics and Music History. In 1958, he received the Reichold of Caribbean and Central America Prize, conferred by the Detroit Orchestra for his Sinfonía en mi. In 1959, he created the Musical Department at Casa de las Américas. He has spent his life working on transforming and developing musical education in Cuba. In 1961 and 1964, he was the Cuban Ambassador to France.

His work tends to bridge the forms of contemporary classical and modern Cuban or Latin American music. His catalog includes symphonic, chamber, vocal and incidental music for theater and movies. He died in December 2008 in La Habana, Cuba.

Works

 * Music about Juan Ramón Jiménez, Góngora, Rafael Alberti and Justo Rodríguez Santos texts;
 * Icaro, for percussion and piano. Ballet as request of Alicia Alonso;
 * Sonata for piano;
 * Duet for flute and piano;
 * trio for clarinet, violoncello and piano;
 * Prelude for Mensaje al futuro Ballet;
 * Symphony in mi;
 * Caprice for flute, clarinet, viola and violoncello;
 * Concertino for piano and wind instruments;
 * Serenade for strings orchestras (Serenata para cuerdas), 1947;
 * Two Cuban dances (Montuna and Sonera);
 * Sinfonietta for orchestra;
 * Triptico for voice and piano (having texts of José Martí);
 * Woodwind quintet;
 * Toccata for Bandoneon;
 * In Memorian homage to Frank País, La Muerte de un Guerrillero for orchestra;
 * Movil I for piano;
 * Movil II for flute, corno, piano-celesta, Xilophono and percussion;
 * Cantata for Abel;
 * Concert for guitar and orchestra

Listen

 * listen samples in Amazon.com

title: Harold Gramatges


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 May 21/Unresolved

Category:University of Montreal

 * → Category:Université de Montréal

 * This should be renamed because the most common usage in English is not University of Montreal, but Université de Montréal. 132.205.45.148 16:37, 21 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Outside of Quebec, I hear it all the time as University of Montreal. --Spinboy 16:45, 21 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. "University of Montreal" is the most commonly used English name in most areas outside of Quebec. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 17:19, 21 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree. I live in Ontario, and I don't think I've ever heard it called the University of Montreal. -- Cafemusique 23:21, 21 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I live in Ontario too and I've heard that many times. --Spinboy 03:44, 22 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Still thinking What's the actual name of the university? Beta m (talk)
 * The university's English-language website and press releases call it Université de Montréal. - Cafemusique 10:29, 23 May 2005 (UTC)
 * If that's the name they use for themselves, I support the rename. Radiant_* 12:35, May 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support then. Beta m (talk) I don't know how to do that strike through thing.
 * Support. James F. (talk) 17:48, 23 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I live in Western Canada and never hear of the university either way. RedWolf 06:22, May 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. When searching for it, people don't have accents, etc on their keyboards, and this is English wikipedia. --Spinboy 19:27, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Spinboy is correct.  I don't have an é on my keyboard, and if I search for "University of Montreal", I'm not going to find "Université de Montréal".  With the article, that's fine, a redirect can be used.  But that won't work for the category.  --Kbdank71 19:52, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I can't speak for everyone, but I can't say I've ever started out a search for information by looking for the category first.  If I wanted info on the University of Montreal / Université de Montréal, I'd start at the article.  If I saw there was a corresponding category, and I was interested in more information, I'd go from there.  Université de Montréal is the official name of the university, and the name they use, exclusively (even on the English website).  If searchability is really a concern, though, how about a soft redirect?  Template:Categoryredirect can be used to direct people to the correct location.  --Azkar 02:10, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Many umontreal.ca pages use "University of Montreal".  English language, and English-keyboard layout are also quite relevant argument. Gene Nygaard 02:11, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. If the proper name of the school is "Université de Montréal", then related articles should be categorized by that name.  Bahn Mi 06:07, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Since the main article has been renamed Université de Montréal, the category should be also. Grstain 16:36, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, I would support the argument if it were a true proper name, ie. "St. Jean's Université de Montréal", for a crude example. However, since it is just an university in a place, then the for the English Wiki, it would be the English equilavent, as it would be the French equivalent for the French Wiki. As far as the article's named being changed, as Gene Nygaard stated above, the English keyboard does not "easily" support the extended characters.  <> Who ? ¿ ?  21:42, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * COMMENT, then UCLA is not a real university name, just a place name with university attached? Or NYU? or Oxford? Cambridge? LSE? 132.205.44.134 19:15, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - I'm not biased because of nationality, and yes, I would argue the that UCLA is not a "name" as much as its a "thing" in a "place", that happens to use that as its name. I would not consider it to be a proper name, ONLY in the sense of how to use it in a foreign print. Ie, if I were to print "Fred's House" in French, I would use "Maison de Fred" (note I didn't use the extended chars (en keyb)), even though "Fred" is a proper name, its understood to those who ONLY speak French as "Fred House". So to refer to your example, if UCLA was in French, I would use the French equivalent of the name. Just my thoughts, I am not a literary genius or anything. However, for keeping the "proper name" of something in a foreign language, maybe we could use a category redirect from the English equivalent, and keep the French named cat.- <> Who ? ¿ ?  02:22, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:70.24.173.171

title: User talk:70.24.173.171


text:
Moritz Schiff

Moritz Schiff (28 January 1823, Frankfurt – 6 October 1896, Geneva) was a German physiologist and the elder brother of the chemist Hugo Schiff (1834-1915), particularly known for his staining technique.

He made major contributions to human physiology, including studies of the circulatory system and the action of the vagus nerve.

Unfortunately despite his independent and original spirit and being a much-cited author, he never reached the popularity of his contemporaries Emil du Bois-Reymond, Hermann von Helmholtz and Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard.

Biography
Born into a family of Jewish merchants, Mortiz Schiff can be considered as the archetype of the great nineteenth-century scientist, one of the pioneers of the experimental method in physiology as well as a polyglot, who published his articles in German, French or Italian indifferently. He began his studies in his hometown, at the Senckenberg Institute, from which he then moved to Heidelberg, then to Berlin and finally to Göttingen where he obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1844.

In Heidelberg, he had Adolf Kussmaul as one of his masters and was deeply influenced by Friedrich Tiedemann's anatomy lessons, which instilled in him a passion for biology, zoology and organic life. Schiff then studied zoology with Lichtenberg and morphology with Johannes Müller in Berlin and then with Rudolf Wagner in Göttingen. He also stayed in Paris where he followed the teachings of François Magendie, later professor at the College de France, François Achille Longet and Pierre Flourens. In this period he had the chance to see real life applications of zoology at the Musée du Jardin des Plantes.

Back in Frankfurt, he became director of the ornithological section of the Senckenberg Museum and devoted himself to research in a small personal laboratory and in 1848 served in the revolutionary troops of Baden as a surgeon and for this reason will often be criticized for positions "too dangerous for young people". The son of his teacher Friedrich Tiedemann was killed during this revolt.

In the following years Schiff helped Charles-Lucien Bonaparte with the systematics of South American birds in his "Conspectus generum avium" and in his honor the genus sciffornis was created.

He then converted to Protestantism to marry Elisabeth Schleuning of Darmstadt in 1860, after his first marriage to Claudia Gitta Trier in 1853.

After moving to Bern for political reason, he was an assistant professor of anatomy and comparative physiology from 1854 to 1862, under the direction of Gabriel Valentin and from 1862 to 1876 professor of physiology and zoology at the Institute of Higher Studies in Florence at the invitation of Carlo Matteucci. He was then violently criticized and even sued by leagues who opposed vivisection. At the end, however, he was one of the first to use anesthesia (chloroform and ether) in animal experiments. This controversy, as well as his lack of means, forced him to leave Florence.

Thanks to the initiative of Carl Vogt, soon to be Rector of the University of Geneva, he accepted the chair of physiology after the refusal of Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard and started teaching there. In Geneva he continued his research and teaching activities for nearly twenty years, from 1876 until his death at the age of seventy three. The chair of the physiology department of the Geneva medical faculty was then occupied by the neurologist Jean-Louis Prévost.

Mortiz Schiff is identified, like his correspondents Jakob Moleschott and Carl Vogt, as one of the proponents of materialism and with the help of these latter two and Alexandre A. Herzen tried to found a positivist magazine, focused on anticlerical propaganda.

He will also defend the theses of evolution that were put forward by Charles Darwin with whom he corresponded as well.

Without ever founding a school, he had as pupils, disciples or assistants: Alexandre A. Herzen son), Waldemar Haffkine, Nathan Loewenthal, Hillel Joffé and Angelo Mosso.

He was appointed foreign partner of the Accademia dei Lincei in 1892.

Works
Schiff was a tireless researcher and according to various testimonies, he multiplied and repeated his experiments, even after some years to verify their results. At the end, he was the author of nearly two hundred scientific publications which were collected in four volumes between 1894 and 1898 (the last volume posthumous) and covered many areas of human and animal physiology:

 * Regarding the nervous system physiology, he studied the functions of the vagus nerve, spinal cord, and cerebellum, as well as the innervation of the heart. He then described what will later be called the Sherrington cross reflex or the Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon, and moreover, contributed to the description of the sensory pathways of the spinal cord by simultaneously performing hemisections, as his colleague Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard was doing in those years.
 * In digestive physiology, he researched the role of pepsin and showed that nutrients are broken down by digestive juices; these studies allowed him to describe the enterohepatic cycle of bile to which he gave his name (Schiff's biliary cycle).
 * In circulatory and cardiac physiology, he studied the control of the cardiac and vascular activity by the autonomic nervous system and was the first, in 1850, to demonstrate the existence of a refractory period to the excitability of the heart muscle, and, above all, to give an observation of open-chest heart massage in animals, paving the way for the first cardiac resuscitation manoeuvres in medicine.
 * Finally, he was interested in the effects of various anesthetics (chloroform, ether ...) and toxic substances (strychnine, curare, cocaine, Calabar bean) like his colleague Claude Bernard.

During his stay in Bern, he nurtured the project to publish a complete treatise on physiology, of which only the first volume was finally published between 1858 and 1859 dedicated to the physiology of muscles and nerves. In this volume, he clearly showed that the removing of the thyroid gland from dogs was fatal, and later showed that the injection of animal extract or thyroid transplantation can prevent death. Subsequently, he successfully used thyroid extract to treat humans.

Some writings

 * Untersuchungen zur Physiologie des Nervensystems mit Berücksichtigung der Pathologie Stahël'sche, Frankfurt-am-Main, 1855
 * Ueber die Rolle des pankratischen Saftes und der Galle bei Auf nahme der Fette, Verlag von Meidinger Sohn & Comp. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1857
 * Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen - Teil I. Muskel- und Nervenphysiologie, Lahr, Schauenburg & C. 1858-1859
 * Zuckerbildund in der Leber und den Einfluss des Nervensystems auf die Diabetes, Stahël'sche, Würzburg, 1859
 * Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Heilkunde, J. Dalp'schen, Bern, 1862
 * Lezioni di fisiologia sperimentale sul sistema nervoso encefalico, Hermann loescher, Florence, 1865
 * Leçons sur la physiologie de la digestion faites au Muséum d'histoire Naturelle de Florence Herman Loescher, Florence & Turin, 1867
 * Contribution à la physiologie: De l'inflammation et de la circulation, J.-B. Baillière et fils, Paris,1873
 * La pupille considérée comme esthésiomètre, Paris, Baillière, 1875
 * Recueil des mémoires physiologiques. Lausanne, B. Benda, libraire- éditeur 1894- 1898, published in four volumes (1,2,3,4)

title: Moritz Schiff


text:
Talk:Pink film

Pink film link
"Pink films should be distinguished from adult videos and non-Japanese sexploitation films." The japanese page linked to here says that pink movies are porno movies. Actually the porno movie page in the japanese wikipedia is a redirect to pink film.
 * yes, but softcore, and with some artistic merit. Also, adult videos are direct-to-video by definition and usually hardcore, hence the distinction. --Ajshm 08:40, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Move to Pink film
I think this page should be moved to Pink film as that's the more likely search terms to be used. A Google search turns up the following: "Pink film" is clearly the more well-used term in this case. Thoughts? ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjo e  18:52, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * pinku eiga: 31,800 raw, 18,700 with phrase in quotes
 * pink film: 66,200,000 raw, 33,400 with phrase in quotes
 * If you are still interested in this question, Nihonjoe, I was surprised that when I entered "Roman porno" I get "Pinku eiga." I'd think "Roman porno," and "Pinky violence" deserve separate articles. Though maybe they belong under the larger "Pinku eiga" umbrella until they are written. As far as "Pinku eiga/Pink film," I've always used and heard the former, as does probably anyone who knows what they are. On the other hand, this is the English Wikipedia, so the term most widely used in English should be used. Dekkappai 23:55, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I moved it to Pink film and it was reverted immediately. I then did it a 2nd time in order to take me to the move request page but, to my surprise, the system is not set up to prevent edit wars. Anyway, any further dissent and maybe we'll do a proper vote with a survey and all that. In addition my rational is WP:NC(CN) and WP:UE. --Doctor Sunshine 14:48, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

Link problem?
I've attempted to add a link, under "Films," to the article on Wife to be Sacrificed I just started, but it's not working for some reason. Am I missing something? It seems to work everywhere except in this article. Help would be appreciated. Dekkappai 23:50, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Turns out there was a stray, invisible character in the link. Nevermind. Dekkappai 00:13, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Should be distinguished from.
"Pink films should be distinguished from adult videos and non-Japanese sexploitation films." Could someone please distinguish it for me? --Gbleem 06:18, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

Definition of pink film
The current way this article defines "pink films" is completely different from the definition in the Japanese wikipedia article. At this Japanese dictionary website, I find "デジタル大辞泉の解説 ピンク‐えいが 性的なことを主題にした成人映画. ". Translation: Explanation from the "Digital Daijisen": "pink eiga" "An adult film whose main theme is sexual". Looking at this old revision of the page, that was what it used to say. The current lead section redefines the term, but it does not provide very clear evidence that this is the majority viewpoint. Is the current article really reflecting the majority point of view, or is it giving undue prominence to a minority opinion? I am also concerned by the labelling of non-erotic films such as Lady Snowblood as "pink films". Mysterious Island (talk) 00:05, 1 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Pink film


text:
Russell Alexander

Russell Alexander (February 26, 1877 – October 1, 1915) was an entertainer and composer, active primarily with vaudeville shows and musical comedy organizations.

Alexander was born in Nevada, Missouri, and became a euphonium virtuoso who joined the circus band of Belford's Carnival at the age of 18. At 20, he became arranger and euphonium soloist with the Barnum & Bailey Circus Band and toured Europe from 1897 to 1902. Following his tour with Barnum & Bailey, Russell Alexander worked in a novelty musical vaudeville act with his brothers. Although his compositional output was relatively small, he is considered a great composer of marches. He wrote 33 marches, 6 galops, and several overtures, novelties, and other works. For part of his career he worked in acts with his brothers, Newton and Woodruff.

On July 20, 2015, a memorial plaque honoring Alexander was unveiled on the Main Street Stage in Liberty, NY, just a short distance from the Old Town Cemetery in which Alexander is buried. The ceremony included a performance of seven Alexander works, and the event was sponsored by Windjammers, Unlimited.

Works
Unless noted, his works were published by C. L. Barnhouse Co., to whom Alexander's widow sold the rights to his music shortly after his death.
 * Across the Atlantic March (1899)
 * Americans Before Havana Overture (unpublished)
 * Baltimore's Boast March (1899)
 * Bastinado Galop (1908)
 * Belford's Carnival (1897)
 * Burr's Triumphal (1897)
 * The Butterfly Dance (unpublished)
 * The Cantonians March (1908)
 * Charioteers of Semiramis Galop (unpublished)
 * Colossus of Columbia (1901)
 * The Comedy Club March (1907) White Publishing
 * Congressional Limited Galop (unpublished)
 * The Conquest March (1913) Fillmore Bros. Music House
 * Conway's Cantata March (unpublished)
 * The Crimson Flush March (1897)
 * The Darlington March (1896)
 * Decatur at Tripoli Overture (unpublished)
 * Embossing the Emblem March (1902)
 * The Exposition Four March (1903)
 * The Four Gladiators (1899) (unpublished)
 * From Tropic To Tropic March (1898)
 * Hampton Roads March (1919) Fillmore Bros. Music House
 * International Vaudeville (1897)
 * Memphis the Majestic (1900)
 * Olympia Hippodrome March (1898)
 * Pall Mall Famous March (1909) Star Music Co
 * Paramour of Panama March (1904) McMillin
 * Patriots of the Potomac March (1903)
 * La Reine March (1907)
 * Rival Rovers March (1899)
 * Round Up The (1916)
 * Salute to Seattle March (1905)
 * Shoot the Chutes Galop (1901)
 * Song of the South (1905) [Solo with Band Acc.]
 * The Southerner March (1908)
 * The Southerners Galop (unpublished)
 * Steeplechase Galop (1900)
 * The Storming of El Caney (1903)
 * Storming El Caney March (unpublished)
 * Vicksburg the Valiant March (unpublished)
 * Vienna to Vicksburg (unpublished)
 * Yankees in Vienna March (unpublished)

title: Russell Alexander


text:
Banks–Zaks fixed point

In quantum chromodynamics (and also N = 1 super quantum chromodynamics) with massless flavors, if the number of flavors, Nf, is sufficiently small (i.e. small enough to guarantee asymptotic freedom, depending on the number of colors), the theory can flow to an interacting conformal fixed point of the renormalization group. If the value of the coupling at that point is less than one (i.e. one can perform perturbation theory in weak coupling), then the fixed point is called a Banks–Zaks fixed point. The existence of the fixed point was first reported in 1974 by Belavin and Migdal and by Caswell, and later used by Banks and Zaks in their analysis of the phase structure of vector-like gauge theories with massless fermions. The name Caswell–Banks–Zaks fixed point is also used.

More specifically, suppose that we find that the beta function of a theory up to two loops has the form

 * $$\beta(g) = -b_0 g^3 + b_1 g^5 + \mathcal{O}(g^7) \, $$

where $$b_0$$ and $$b_1$$ are positive constants. Then there exists a value $$g=g_\ast$$ such that $$\beta(g_\ast) =0$$:

 * $$g_\ast^2 = \frac{b_0}{b_1}.$$

If we can arrange $$b_0$$ to be smaller than $$b_1$$, then we have $$g^2_\ast <1$$. It follows that when the theory flows to the IR it is a conformal, weakly coupled theory with coupling $$g_\ast$$.

For the case of a non-Abelian gauge theory with gauge group $SU(N_c)$ and Dirac fermions in the fundamental representation of the gauge group for the flavored particles we have

 * $$b_0 = \frac{1}{16\pi^2}\frac{1}{3}(11N_c-2N_f) \;\;\;\; \text{     and       }\;\;\;\; b_1 = -\frac{1}{(16\pi^2)^2}\left(\frac{34}{3}N_c^2 - \frac{1}{2}N_f\left(2 \frac{N_c^2 -1}{N_c} + \frac{20}{3}N_c \right) \right)$$

where $$N_c$$ is the number of colors and $$N_f$$ the number of flavors. Then $$N_f$$ should lie just below $$\tfrac{11}{2}N_c$$ in order for the Banks–Zaks fixed point to appear. Note that this fixed point only occurs if, in addition to the previous requirement on $$N_f$$ (which guarantees asymptotic freedom),
 * $$\frac{11}{2}N_c>N_f>\frac{34N_c^3}{(13N_c^2-3)}$$

where the lower bound comes from requiring $$b_1>0$$. This way $$b_1$$ remains positive while $$-b_0$$ is still negative (see first equation in article) and one can solve $$\beta (g) = 0$$ with real solutions for $$g$$. The coefficient $$b_1$$ was first correctly computed by Caswell, while the earlier paper by Belavin and Migdal has a wrong answer.

title: Banks–Zaks fixed point


text:
Talk:CVX

Untitled
When was it announced that CVNX-1 would be named Enterprise?

ST47: it wasnt....i fixed it

CVX also stands for Comunidad de Vida Cristiana (Christian Lifestyle Community) that is a Jesuits- based community for layman (non-members of congregation), married people, etc. I think it needs a clarification page for second meaning. (contact cps402085 at  yahoo  es)

Shouldn't we merge this with the Article about CVN-21?

Yeah, we should merege this article with CVN-21.

I agree with merging articles.

In the meantime, the article as written said:
 * The aircraft would be launched from four catapults. Two on the main deck and two on either sides of the ship. The design was very futuristc and imposing leaving no doubt that if made, the ship would have been the terror of the seas and oceans of the world.
 * But sadly, the U.S. Navy, citing huge development and design costs cancelled the project and opted to go with the current (and much cost effective) upgrades of the Nimitz carriers.

I don't necessarily disagree with this personally, but I deleted some of this and reworked the rest to make it more neutral to meet Wikipedia policy about expressing editors' opinions (see Neutral point of view). --A. B. 01:53, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:CVX


text: Category:Trade routes

title: Category:Trade routes


text:
Michiel Horn

Michiel Steven Daniel Horn (born 1939) is a Canadian historian who serves as a professor emeritus at Glendon College, York University.

Life and career
Horn was born on September 3, 1939, in Baarn, Netherlands. His family migrated to Canada from the Netherlands in 1952, settling in Victoria, British Columbia. He graduated from Victoria High School in 1956.

Horn holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of British Columbia, and Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees from the University of Toronto. He is currently a professor emeritus of history and university historian at Glendon College, York University, in Toronto, where he has worked since 1968.

Horn has been married to Cornelia Maria Schuh, a lawyer and civil servant with the Ontario provincial government, since December 29, 1984. They have two sons, Daniel and Patrick.

In 2002, Horn was inducted into the Royal Society of Canada in Academy II (Social Sciences).

title: Michiel Horn


text:
Talk:John S. McCain Jr.

Father
His Father, John S. McCain, Sr. was also an admiral (the only father-son pair of full admirals in US history). [02:21, May 31, 2005 Tony619]

 * His father was senior USN aviation officer in SWPA in July 1942, & head of BuAer in August 1943. I do Q if DDG-56 is named for Junior McCain, tho; I'd bet she was named for JSM Sr, who was long dead by then. Trekphiler 06:02 & 06:05 & 06:32, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * DDG-56 was actually named for both Admirals McCain. McCain Sr. was actually a Vice Admiral when he died, but was retroactively promoted to Admiral effective the date of his death.

 * Also, while McCain Jr. might have been the first son of a four-star admiral to also become a four-star admiral when he was first promoted in 1967, there have since been at least two other father-son four-star admiral pairs. David Worth Bagley Sr. was placed on the retired list with rank of Admiral in 1947; his son David Worth Bagley Jr. was CINCUSNAVEUR from 1972-1975. James L. Holloway Jr. was CINCNELM/COMSCOMLANTFLT from 1958-1959; his son James L. Holloway III was CNO from 1974-1978. Morinao 18:04, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Sam! Rewrite!
I rewrote this:
 * "commanded the submarines USS Gunnel and Dentuda. "

to this:
 * "during the Torch landings. Like many U.S. subs in the Pacific, Gunnel was attcked in error by friendly aircraft. McCain had no end of trouble with the Hoover-Owens-Rentschler (H.O.R.) diesels (which were so troublesome, in the Pacific, Sub Force members called them "whores"); at one point enroute, drive gears of all four of Gunnel's main engines go out of commission, and McCain had to rely on his tiny auxiliary for the last 1800km (1000nm). Gunnel went into the navy yard for extensive extensive refit, and was replaced on patrol station off North Africa by Pilly Lent's Haddo). "

I base this on Blair, Silent Victory, p265-6. Trekphiller 08:30, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

I also added this
 * "In June 1943, McCain on his second patrol covered the East China and Yellow Seas. He was "fearlessly aggressive", sinking two ships (confirmed postwar by JANAC): Koyo Maru (6400 tons) and Tokiwa Maru (7000 tons). Yet the return of troubles from his H.O.R. diesels cut the patrol to only eleven days, after which he was compelled to return to Pearl Harbor. In two patrols, his contribution to the defeat of Japan had been slight.
 * "Yet Gunnel would be the first Pearl Harbor H.O.R. boat re-engined and returned to action, off Iwo Jima in December 1943]]). Alerted by Hypo of carriers, McCain lived a submariner's dream on the night of 2-3 December, getting a setup on Zuiho at a very long range of 5500m (6000yd, 3nm), only to have it ruined as Zuiho zigged toward. McCain fired four bow tubes, but scored no hits. ; he was still one of only a handful of U.S. skippers for the duration of the war to get such an opportunity. On his third patrol, on 18 March 1944 off Tawi Tawi, the main Japanese fleet anchorage in the Philippines, he got an amazing second shot at a carrier, firing from extremely long range (8200m {9000yd}); it came as no surprise when he missed and was counterattacked, facing a desultory sixteen depth charges. Then, after lying in wait four days, he had an astonishing third chance, on this same carrier; he got no closer than 10km (5.5nm).
 * "During the May 1944 U.S. air strike on Surabaya, Gunnel lay off Tawi Tawi, in company with Robert Olsen's Angler. McCain had no success, and moved to the coast of Indochina afterward, where on 8 June 1944, he picked up a convoy, escorted, incredibly, by yet another aircraft carrier. He proved unable to approach closer than his contact range, about 28km (15nm). On his return, he was detached to new construction. In five patrols, his contribution to the defeat of Japan had been slight. "

I base it on Blair, Silent Victory, as noted. Trekphiller 08:40, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Hit "edit" to see what I really added... Trekphiller 08:42, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Completeness
This article uses only one source and doesn't cover anything outside of his involvement in World War II in a meaningful way. Much of what content exists is informal in tone and drifts into conjecture and low-value side commentary.--Rem01 10:31, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

I'm in command here
I'm not sure if there's a guideline on this, but putting McCain's most senior commands first strikes me as stupid. It implies he went from CinCPac to Gunnel, obviously wrong... TREKphiler  hit me ♠  08:30, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I checked a few others (like Nimitz, Halsey), and they were in chrono order, so I changed it here. Wasted Time R (talk) 04:06, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
 * A sensible approach. Thanks.  TREKphiler   hit me ♠  04:22, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

Who are you?
Am I missing something? This

isn't about Jack McCain. So why's it on the main page? TREKphiler  hit me ♠  04:05, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

 * It's a nagivation template for all the articles on subjects related to John McCain. It appears at the bottom of all the articles mentioned in the template.  This article, being about his father, is one of them.   Wasted Time R (talk) 04:13, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Gotcha. I do find it a bit odd it's here... And did I misread the webpage saying the writer was with a newspaper?  TREKphiler   hit me ♠  04:49, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

 * You'll see similar templates at the bottom of Hugh Ellsworth Rodham and Barack Obama, Sr., just as a couple of other examples. As for the http://www.mccain.navy.mil/Site%20Pages/namesake.aspx page, it doesn't say who the writer is, but from the last page it's one of his children, probably John but perhaps Joe.  Wasted Time R (talk) 04:57, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Follow up - I've changed the template to always start as being collapsed, because sometimes it was coming up as expanded, and seeing the picture of the 'wrong' John McCain was very jarring. Wasted Time R (talk) 04:37, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

Time in a bottle
Was McCain abd Skipjack (then CO by Larry Freeman, sez Blair, Silent Victory, p.164) while she was with SubDiv 15? In '40, she was in Pearl while R/A Wilhelm L. Friedell was ComSubPac (& his Chief of Staff was Charles Lockwood); ComSubDiv 15 was this SOB. (Blair, p.76.) In 10/41, SubDiv 15 (CO by "Sunshine" Murray) was transferred to ComSubAsiatic Fleet (soon to be under Captain "Red" Doyle, embarked in Holland), along with Joe Connolly's SubDiv 16, making SubRon 2. (Blair, p.82.) TREKphiler   hit me ♠  06:52, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Famous American Admirals says: "After teaching electrical engineering at the Naval Academy (1938-40), he cruised in the Skipjack (SS-184) between Hawaii and California until April 1941 when he, as skipper, recommissioned the O-8 (SS-69) for New London training." It doesn't say what his position was on Skipjack – by implication, he was not CO, but it doesn't even say if he was XO – and it doesn't say what Submarine Division this was.  Wasted Time R (talk) 11:37, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I can't source it, but it's a good bet he was XO of Skipjack if his next station was CO of O-8, maybe Engineer Officer, based on his schooling; he'd probably have been a Lt., which'd be right to command an O-boat for training at New London, & I'd say (based on Beach's Run SIlent, Run Deep) jumping to CO even of an O-boat is a long shot for an EO.
 * Also, Blair puts Skipjack in SubDiv 15 at Pearl from at least summer '40 to 10/41. TREKphiler   hit me ♠  12:31 & 12:40, 4 October 2008 (UTC)
 * (venting) The US Army, Marines, and Air Force take special effort to publicize the careers of their successful general officers. Why is it so hard to find out biographical details about US Navy admirals? Cla68

Good morning, Vietnam!
I found the Lt Cdr/service in 'nam a bit overwrought, so I del Vietnam. Also, JSM3 wasn't strictly in 'nam, he was abd Mighty O (OK, fussy). And this page is for the father, so too much detail is OT. I think the link to JSM3 & POW is enough. Anybody who can get it in more clearly, without making a separate 'graph, is probably a better writer than me. ;D Pat Sajak  spin the d*amn wheel, already  18:47, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I was trying to get a linked reference to Vietnam War in ahead of the shoot-down over North Vietnam language, and so constructed a very unwieldy sentence (hardly my first!) I've now put in some other material about Vietnam that serves the same purpose.  As for relevance to topic, JSM3 is certainly relevant to JSM Jr's biographical story, especially as they are so much alike in many areas of personality/character/career and so different in a few.  I've expanded the article with lots and lots of lots of JSM Jr material that has nothing to do with his son, but I won't shy away from bringing in his son where it's relevant and where other biographers do it too.  Wasted Time R (talk) 01:52, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I won't say a mention is OT, where appropriate. Junior's reaction to III's being POW & the visits to the DMZ, yeah, no sweat. It just struck me this particular case was trying to cram in too much at once, & it seemed to veer OT a bit.  TREKphiler   hit me ♠  17:05, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

Authorship of "Namesake" piece
Based upon a request at the MILHIST A-Class review of this article, I contacted the webmaster at USS John S. McCain (DDG-56) to see if we could find out for sure who the author of this "Namesake" piece at the ship's website is that we use as a cite several times. (From the text, it's clearly one of John S. McCain, Jr.'s children.) The response I got (from an ensign gunnery officer on board the ship) was:
 * Thank you for your interest. While I have yet to find definitive evidence of authorship, what I do know is strongly suggestive that Joe McCain is the author. The piece itself reads as if it were an address given at the ship's commissioning. Officers who attended the event do not recall Sen. McCain being there. They do remember Joe McCain speaking, hence my suspicion that he was the author.

Searching around the web, I have found this unofficial site which gives the same text ("There is something about the naval service that the civilian simply doesn't understand ...") and lists "Joseph McCain, July 1994" as the author, which is the date of the commissioning. I'm not convinced that John McCain wasn't present at the commissioning – this ship's site and this press release from a few days before both say he would be/was attending – but I am convinced enough that Joe McCain is the likely author to switch the cite to say that. Wasted Time R (talk) 15:37, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on John S. McCain Jr.. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20081028164824/http://www.mccain.navy.mil:80/Site%20Pages/namesake3.aspx to http://www.mccain.navy.mil/Site%20Pages/namesake3.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090525223917/http://news.yahoo.com:80/s/ap/20090522/ap_on_go_pr_wh/us_obama_naval_academy to http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090522/ap_on_go_pr_wh/us_obama_naval_academy

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Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 16:32, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on John S. McCain Jr.. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090218002444/http://www.boston.com:80/news/nation/articles/2008/05/30/records_shed_light_on_career_of_mccains_father/ to http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2008/05/30/records_shed_light_on_career_of_mccains_father/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 04:32, 6 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:John S. McCain Jr.


text: File:Ring Lady.JPG

title: File:Ring Lady.JPG


text: User talk:210.8.213.141

title: User talk:210.8.213.141