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Paul Manz

Paul Otto Manz (May 10, 1919 – October 28, 2009 ), was an American composer for choir and organ. His most famous choral work is the Advent motet "E'en So, Lord Jesus, Quickly Come", which has been performed at the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols at King's College, Cambridge, though its broadcast by the neighbouring Choir of St John's College, Cambridge, in its Advent Carol Service precipitated its popularity.

His most famous organ works are his volumes of neo-Baroque chorale preludes and partitas. Paul Manz long served the church as recitalist, composer, teacher and leader in worship. He was Cantor Emeritus at the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Luke, Chicago, Illinois; as well as Cantor Emeritus of Mount Olive Lutheran Church in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was the director of the newly established Paul Manz Institute of Church Music, and was Professor Emeritus of Church Music at Christ Seminary Seminex at the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago.

Biography
Manz was born to Otto and Hulda (Jeske) Manz in Cleveland, Ohio. Trained as an educator at Concordia Teacher's College in River Forest, Illinois (now Concordia University Chicago ) he earned a master's degree in Music at Northwestern University.

A Fulbright grant enabled him to study with Flor Peeters in Belgium and Helmut Walcha in Germany. The Belgian government invited him to be the official United States representative in ceremonies honoring Flor Peeters on his 80th birthday and his 60th year as titular organist of the Cathedral of Saint Rombout in Mechelen, Belgium. At that time, Flor Peeters referred to his former student as ‘my spiritual son.’

Manz concertized extensively in North America. He appeared at Lincoln Center in New York City, with the National Symphony Orchestra, under conductor Geoffrey Simon, at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra at Orchestra Hall and with the Minnesota Orchestra under the direction of Charles Dutoit, Leonard Slatkin, and Henry Charles Smith. In addition, he played recitals in churches and cathedrals here and abroad. He was in great demand for his hymn festivals, which are his legacy as a church musician. He conducted many organ clinics, participated in liturgical seminars and appeared as lecturer and recitalist at the regional and national conventions of the American Guild of Organists.

The esteem and respect with which Manz is regarded can be seen in the many honors he received. He was twice named one of the “Ten Most Influential Lutherans,” served as National Councilor of the American Guild of Organists and is listed as one of the “101 Most Notable Organists of the 20th Century.” He was the recipient of many honorary doctorates and awards. Northwestern University, his alma mater, presented him with the prestigious “Alumni Merit Award;.” The Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago presented him with the distinguished "Confessor of Christ Award"; The Chicago Bible Society presented him with the “Gutenberg Award; and the Lutheran Institute of Washington, DC honored him with the first “Wittenberg Arts Award.” At a convention of the Association of Lutheran Church Musicians, his colleagues honored him for his work in the church. A large gathering in Minneapolis, Minnesota held a “Paul Manz Celebration: Honoring the Life of a Church Musician” where substantial gifts were given to the Ruth and Paul Manz Scholarship for Church Musicians.

Trinity Seminary of Columbus, Ohio bestowed the “Joseph Sittler Award for Theological Leadership” and among his many honorary doctorates is the Doctor of Sacred Music degree from Valparaiso University, and most recently, the Doctor of Music degree from St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota.

As a performer, Manz was most famous for his celebrated hymn festivals. Instead of playing traditional organ recitals, Manz would generally lead a "festival" of hymns from the organ, in which he introduced each hymn with one of his famously creative organ improvisations based on the hymn tune in question. The congregation would then sing the hymn with his accompaniment. Sometimes he would play an improvisation between each sung stanza, as with his well-known variations on the tune, St. Anne, sung to the Isaac Watts text "Oh God, Our Help in Ages Past" with which he would traditionally end each festival. Many volumes of these improvisations have been written out and published and are played by church organists throughout the world.

From 1957 until 1976, while continuing to serve at Mt. Olive, Manz was called to Concordia College, St. Paul, as professor and chair of the Division of Fine Arts. He left this position in 1976 to return to full-time parish service at Mt. Olive - now as Cantor. During his time there Paul developed the Hymn Festival for which he eventually became known throughout the world. Having heard his first hymn festival in 1945, Paul recast the format, adding the unique approach of bringing a number of hymns together under a theme with appropriate readings interspersed. He also brought back the ancient practice of alternation during the singing of hymns. He started doing this at weekly services at Mt. Olive, eventually exposing a wider audience to it through hymn festivals.

His idea for the hymn festival began to germinate when he presented annual organ recitals at Mt. Olive: “I would always begin and end with a hymn; many people would come to those recitals, and I found that they thoroughly enjoyed singing the hymns. So finally, instead of doing a recital with a hymn at the beginning and the end, I did a program with hymns only. It caught on like wildfire, and I have subsequently presented hymn festivals all over the world.” Concordia St Paul Memorial Service Program

Selected works
His musical compositions are internationally known. His organ works are extensively used in worship services, recitals and in teaching. His choral music is widely used by church and college choirs here and abroad. His motet, "E'en So, Lord Jesus, Quickly Come" is regarded as a classic and has been frequently recorded. His life and works are the subject of a doctoral dissertation which details his career spanning more than fifty years and analyzes his organ works.

title: Paul Manz


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Rodríguez (surname)

Rodríguez is a Spanish patronymic surname of Germanic origin (meaning Son of Rodrigo; Germanic: Roderickson) and a common surname in Spain and Latin America. Its Portuguese equivalent is Rodrigues.

The "ez" signifies "son of". The name Rodrigo is the Spanish form of the German name Roderich, meaning "rich in fame", from the Gothic elements "hrod" (fame or glory) and "ric" (rich). It was the name of Roderic, the last Visigothic King before the Muslim conquest, and the subject of many legends. The surname Rodríguez could have originated in the 9th century when patronymic names originated.

In Belgium the House of Rodriguez d'Evora y Vega was for generations Great Breadmaster of Flanders, see: Marquess of Rode.

Geographical distribution
As of 2014, 25.9% of all known bearers of the surname Rodríguez were residents of Mexico (frequency 1:52), 10.3% of Spain (1:49), 9.8% of Colombia (1:53), 9.2% of the United States (1:426), 8.4% of Venezuela (1:39), 5.9% of Cuba (1:21), 5.9% of Argentina (1:79), 3.2% of Peru (1:108), 2.7% of the Dominican Republic (1:41), 2.2% of Honduras (1:43), 1.6% of Ecuador (1:107), 1.6% of Panama (1:27), 1.6% of the Philippines (1:708), 1.3% of Bolivia (1:87), 1.3% of Chile (1:146), 1.3% of Guatemala (1:135), 1.2% of El Salvador (1:58), 1.2% of Costa Rica (1:44), 1.2% of Uruguay (1:32), 1.1% of Puerto Rico (1:35), and 1.1% of Nicaragua (1:60).

In Spain, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:49) in the following regions:
 * 1. Canary Islands (1:21)
 * 2. Galicia (1:24)
 * 3. Asturias (1:26)
 * 4. Castile and León (1:39)
 * 5. Andalusia (1:40)
 * 6. Extremadura (1:41)

In Cuba, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:21) in the following provinces:
 * 1. Ciego de Ávila (1:15)
 * 2. Sancti Spíritus (1:18)
 * 3. Cienfuegos (1:18)
 * 4. Holguín (1:18)
 * 5. Artemisa (1:18)
 * 6. Granma (1:18)
 * 7. Santiago de Cuba (1:20)
 * 8. Villa Clara (1:20)
 * 9. Matanzas (1:20)
 * 10. Las Tunas (1:21)

In Mexico, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:52) in the following states:
 * 1. Nuevo León (1:29)
 * 2. Coahuila (1:30)
 * 3. Zacatecas (1:32)
 * 4. San Luis Potosí (1:34)
 * 5. Aguascalientes (1:35)
 * 6. Guanajuato (1:36)
 * 7. Tamaulipas (1:37)
 * 8. Durango (1:38)
 * 9. Nayarit (1:41)
 * 10. Jalisco (1:43)
 * 11. Colima (1:44)
 * 12. Chihuahua (1:44)
 * 13. Tlaxcala (1:49)
 * 14. Baja California (1:50)

People
Notable people with the surname include:

General

 * Gustavo Rodríguez Vega (born 1955), Mexican archbishop
 * Jana Rodriguez Hertz (born 1970), Argentine and Uruguayan mathematician
 * Jessamyn Rodriguez (born 1976), Canadian-American social entrepreneur
 * Jesusa Rodríguez (born 1955), Mexican theater director, actress, performance artist, social activist and elected Senator of the Morena party.
 * José Luis Rodríguez, El Puma, Venezuelan singer and actor
 * Juan Campos Rodríguez (1907–1995), Spanish Redemptorist missionary
 * Junius P. Rodriguez (born 1957), United States academic and historian
 * Katya Rodríguez-Vázquez, Mexican computer scientist
 * Lily O. Rodríguez, Peruvian ecologist
 * Luis Rodríguez Zúñiga (1942–1991), Spanish sociologist
 * María Fernanda Rodríguez, Venezuelan professor and activist.
 * Narciso Rodriguez (born 1961), United States fashion designer
 * Robyn Rodriguez, Filipino American academic
 * Rubí Rodríguez, Chilean mathematician
 * Simón Rodríguez (1769–1854), Venezuelan philosopher and educator
 * Sonia Rodriguez (born 1972), Canadian ballet dancer
 * Tina Rodriguez (died 1986), American murder victim
 * Vance Rodriguez (1976–2018), Hiker who was found dead in Florida in 2018
 * Ventura Rodríguez (1717–1785), Spanish architect
 * Verneda Rodriguez (1918–1982), American aviator

Artists

 * Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velásquez (1599–1660), Velásquez, Spanish painter
 * Freddy Rodríguez (artist) (1945–2022), United States artist
 * Peter Rodríguez (1926–2016), Mexican American painter and museum founder
 * Zhandra Rodríguez (born 1947), Venezuelan ballet dancer

Writers, journalists

 * Abraham Rodriguez (born 1961), Puerto Rican novelist
 * Emir Rodríguez Monegal (1921–1985), Uruguyan literary critic, editor, writer
 * Fátima Rodríguez (born 1961), Spanish writer, translator, professor
 * José Luis Rodríguez Pittí (born 1971), Panamanian writer and artist
 * Luis J. Rodriguez (born 1954), United States writer
 * Mario Rodríguez Cobos, Argentine philosopher, author and nonviolence advocate
 * Silvia Rodríguez Villamil (1939–2003), Uruguayan historian, feminist, writer, activist

Explorers

 * Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Spanish navigator

Film and television

 * Adrián Rodríguez, Spanish actor and singer
 * Anabel Rodríguez Ríos, Venezuelan film director and screenwriter
 * Elizabeth Rodriguez, United States actress
 * Freddy Rodriguez (actor), Puerto Rican-American actor
 * Gina Rodriguez, American actress
 * Jai Rodriguez, United States actor
 * Jeanette Rodriguez, Venezuelan actress
 * Lee Rodriguez, American actress
 * Lina Rodriguez, Colombian-Canadian filmmaker and screenwriter
 * Marcos A. Rodriguez. Cuban-American entrepreneur and movie producer
 * Mariel Rodriguez, Filipina actress and T.V. host
 * Mel Rodriguez, American actor
 * Michelle Rodriguez, United States actress
 * Raini Rodriguez, US television actress, older sister of Rico Rodriguez
 * Rico Rodriguez (actor), US television actor, younger brother of Raini Rodriguez
 * Robert Rodriguez, United States film director
 * Vincent Rodriguez III, United States actor

Music

 * Adrian Rodriguez (DJ), German trance producer and DJ, also known by his mononym Rodriguez
 * Adrián Rodríguez, Spanish actor and singer
 * Albita Rodríguez, United States singer
 * Carrie Rodriguez, United States singer-songwriter
 * Chris Rodriguez, American Contemporary Christian musician and singer-songwriter
 * Daniel Rodríguez, United States tenor
 * David Rodriguez (singer-songwriter), United States singer-songwriter
 * Felipe Rodríguez (composer), Spanish classical era composer
 * Felipe Rodríguez (singer), Puerto Rican singer
 * Gerardo Matos Rodríguez, Uruguayan composer
 * Johnny Rodriguez, United States country singer
 * José Luis Rodríguez Vélez, Panamanian composer, director, clarinetist, educator
 * José Luis Rodríguez (singer) ("El Puma"), Venezuelan singer and actor
 * Leo Rodriguez (singer), Brazilian Sertanejo music singer, songwriter
 * Luis Alfonso Rodríguez López-Cepero, Puerto Rican singer, songwriter and actor better known by his stage name Luis Fonsi
 * Marcos Rodriguez, part of the Spanish DJ production / singing duo Magan & Rodriguez. He is also known by his mononym Rodriguez
 * Martínez Rodríguez, Cuban vocalist and featured artist
 * Maxime Rodriguez, French composer
 * Omar Rodríguez-López, United States composer
 * Ramón "Raymond" Luis Ayala Rodríguez, known as Daddy Yankee, Puerto Rican rapper
 * Rico Rodriguez, trombonist
 * Silvio Rodríguez, Cuban singer-songwriter
 * Sixto Rodriguez (1942–2023), United States singer, known in his recordings as Rodriguez

Politics

 * Abelardo L. Rodríguez (1889–1967), President of Mexico
 * Adelina Santos Rodriguez, Filipino politician
 * Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez (born 1954), Mexican politician
 * Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao (1886–1950), Spanish writer and politician
 * Antonio Rodríguez San Juan, Venezuela politician
 * Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara, (born 1980/1981) Acting President of El Salvador
 * Carmen Rodríguez (politician) (born 1949), Bolivian politician
 * Carolyn Jane Rodriguez, American politician
 * Cayetano José Rodríguez, Argentine politician
 * Delcy Rodríguez, Venezuelan politician
 * Eduardo Rodríguez, former president of Bolivia
 * Eugene Rodriguez (born 1929), New York politician
 * Eulogio Rodriguez, Filipino politician
 * Frank J. Rodriguez Sr. (1920–2007), American politician
 * Héctor Rodríguez, Venezuelan politician
 * Horacio Rodríguez Larreta, Argentine politician
 * Isidro Rodriguez (politician), Filipino politician and softball official
 * Jessie Rodriguez, American politician
 * Jesús Kumate Rodríguez, Mexican physician and politician
 * Jorge Rodríguez, Venezuelan politician
 * José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, Spanish politician
 * Liza Fernández Rodríguez (born 1973), Puerto Rican attorney and politician
 * Manuel Rodríguez Erdoíza (1785–1818), Chilean lawyer and guerrilla leader, considered one of the founders of independent Chile
 * Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, Colombian politician
 * Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, Costa Rican politician
 * Nicolás Rodríguez Carrasco, Mexican general
 * Nicolás Rodríguez Peña, Argentine politician
 * Nosliw Rodríguez (born 1988), Venezuelan politician
 * Rufus Rodriguez (born 1953), Filipino politician
 * William E. Rodriguez (1879–1970), Socialist Chicago City Council member and lawyer
 * Ydanis Rodríguez, Democratic New York City Council member

Sports

 * Ademar Rodríguez (born 1990), Mexican footballer
 * Alberto Rodríguez Larreta (1934–1977), Argentine racing driver
 * Alex Rodriguez (born 1975), American baseball player
 * Amy Rodriguez (born 1987), American soccer player
 * Ángel Rodríguez (born 1992), Puerto Rican basketball player
 * Carlos Rodríguez (born 1997), Mexican Football Player
 * Carlos Rodriguez (born 2001), Spanish cyclist
 * Carlos Rodríguez (born 2001), Nicaraguan baseball player
 * Chi-Chi Rodríguez (born 1935), Puerto Rican professional golfer
 * Chris Rodriguez Jr. (born 2000), American football player
 * Clemente Rodríguez, Argentine football player
 * Cosiri Rodríguez, Dominican volleyball player
 * Cristian Rodríguez (boxer), Argentine boxer
 * Dalidaivis Rodriguez Clark, Cuban judoka
 * Damian Rodriguez, Uruguayan football player
 * Dereck Rodríguez (born 1992), American baseball player
 * Douglas Rodríguez (boxer) (1950–2012), Cuban boxer
 * Eddy Rodríguez (catcher) (born 1985), Cuban-American baseball player and coach
 * Edemir Rodríguez (born 1986), Bolivian football player
 * Eduardo Rodríguez (left-handed pitcher), Venezuelan baseball player
 * Ellie Rodríguez (born 1946), Puerto Rican baseball player
 * Elvin Rodríguez (born 1998), Dominican baseball player
 * Emanuel Rodriguez (born 1986), Mexican-American professional wrestler
 * Emiliano Rodríguez, Spanish basketball player
 * Endy Rodríguez (born 2000), Dominican baseball player
 * Ernesto Rodríguez (born 1969), Spanish volleyball player
 * Eugene A. Rodriguez (1916–1996), Cuban-born American jockey
 * Evan Rodriguez (born 1988), American football player
 * Francisco Rodríguez, Venezuelan baseball pitcher
 * Freddy Rodríguez (baseball), former pitcher in Major League Baseball
 * Grayson Rodriguez (born 1999), American baseball player
 * Guido Rodríguez (born 1994), Argentine football player
 * Isidro Rodríguez (footballer), Spanish footballer
 * Iván Rodríguez (born 1971), also known as "Pudge" Rodríguez, Puerto Rican baseball player
 * James Rodríguez (born 1991), Colombian football player
 * Jay Rodriguez, English footballer
 * Jefry Rodríguez, Dominican baseball player
 * Jemimah Rodrigues, Indian women Cricketer
 * Jennifer Rodriguez, American speed skater
 * Jesse Rodríguez, American professional boxer
 * Joaquim Rodríguez, Spanish cyclist
 * Joely Rodríguez, Dominican baseball pitcher for the New York Mets
 * Julio Rodríguez (born 2000), Dominican professional baseball outfielder
 * Kevin Kuranyi Rodríguez (born 1982), German footballer
 * Laurent Rodriguez (born 1960), French rugby union player and coach
 * Levi Drake Rodriguez (born 2000), American football player
 * Luis Rodríguez (volleyball) (born 1969), Puerto Rican volleyball player
 * Malcolm Rodriguez (born 1999), American football player
 * Manuel Rodríguez (pitcher) (born 1996), Mexican baseball player
 * María Luisa Cuevas Rodríguez (born 1965), Spanish chess master
 * Marvin Rodríguez, Costa Rican football player
 * Maxi Rodríguez, Argentine football player
 * Melania Rodríguez (born 2001), Spanish trampolinist
 * Michael Rodríguez (footballer) (born 1981), footballer from Costa Rica
 * Michael Rodríguez (cyclist) (born 1989), Cyclist from Colombia
 * Nicolás Alejandro Rodríguez, Uruguayan football player
 * Nivaldo Rodríguez, Venezuelan baseball player
 * Pablo Sebastián Rodríguez (born 1978), Argentine basketball player
 * Paul Rodriguez Jr. (born 1984), Mexican-American Skateboarder
 * Pat Rodriguez (1900–1964), Australian rules football player and administrator
 * Pedro Rodríguez (cyclist, born 1950), Cuban cyclist
 * Pedro Rodríguez (cyclist, born 1966), Ecuadorian road cyclist
 * Randy Rodríguez (born 1999), Dominican baseball player
 * Ricardo Rodríguez (racing driver), Mexican Formula 1 race car driver
 * Rich Rodriguez (born 1963), American football coach
 * Richard Rodríguez (cyclist), Chilean road cyclist
 * Rowby-John Rodriguez (born 1994), Austrian darts player
 * Roxy-James Rodriguez (born 1991), Austrian darts player
 * Ruben Rodríguez (1946–1995), Filipino chess master
 * Rusty-Jake Rodriguez (born 2000), Austrian darts player
 * Sean Rodriguez (born 1985), American baseball player
 * Sebastián Rodríguez (footballer) (born 1992), Uruguayan footballer
 * Sebastián Rodríguez (swimmer) (born 1957), Spanish Paralympic swimmer
 * Steve Rodriguez (born 1970), American college baseball coach
 * Vic Rodriguez (baseball) (born 1961), American baseball coach
 * Vicente Rodríguez (boxer), Spanish boxer
 * Wandy Rodríguez, Dominican baseball player
 * Yair Rodríguez, Mexican mixed martial artist
 * Yerry Rodríguez, Dominican baseball player
 * Yulianne Rodríguez, Cuban basketball player
 * A family of Mexican professional wrestlers:
 * Aaron Rodríguez (born 1942), better known as Mil Máscaras; also notable as an actor
 * José Luis Rodríguez (born 1951), better known as Dos Caras; brother of Mil Máscaras
 * Aaron Rodríguez (born 1976), better known as Sicodelico, Jr.; nephew of Dos Caras and Mil Máscaras
 * José Alberto Rodríguez (born 1977), best known as Alberto Del Rio; son of Dos Caras and nephew of Mil Máscaras
 * Guillermo Rodríguez (born 1988), best known as El Hijo de Dos Caras; younger brother of Alberto Del Rio

Fiction

 * Bender (Futurama), whose full name is Bender Bending Rodríguez
 * Marco Rodriguez, (played by Alejandro Edda) is a character from the television drama series Fear the Walking Dead
 * Rico Rodriguez (Just Cause), is a dictator removal specialist in the video game series Just Cause
 * Roscoe Rodriguez, the main protagonist of the British comic book series MPH

Other

 * Aurora Rodríguez Carballeira (1879–1955), Spanish woman who murdered her teenage daughter, conceived as a eugenics experiment
 * Ricky Rodriguez (1975–2005), American member of a religious cult called The Family

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rodríguez (surname)


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The Electric Horseman

The Electric Horseman is a 1979 American western comedy-drama film starring Robert Redford and Jane Fonda and directed by Sydney Pollack. The film is about a former rodeo champion who is hired by a cereal company to become its spokesperson and then runs away on a $12 million electric-lit horse and costume he is given to promote it in Las Vegas after he finds that the horse has been abused.

Plot
Former five time World Champion, Sonny Steele, has traded competition for advertising as the national spokesman for Ranch breakfast cereal and he tours the country in a jeweled cowboy costume, braided with flashing lights. However, his manager, Wendell, and assistant, Leroy, struggle to keep Sonny sober, and the global conglomerate, AMPCO Industries, who hired Sonny, is increasingly disappointed in his performance. In Las Vegas, Nevada, a television newscaster from New York City, named Hallie Martin, arrives for an AMPCO media event and is curious why the company discourages interviews with the cowboy. During rehearsals for the AMPCO variety show at Caesars Palace, Sonny notices that Rising Star, the $12 million champion racehorse he will be riding on stage and the company’s new corporate symbol, has been drugged with tranquilizers. He barges into the sales reception and complains to AMPCO's chairman, Hunt Sears, that the thoroughbred stallion is being exploited, but Sears reminds Sonny about his generous contract and walks away. When Sonny arrives backstage for his act that evening, he mounts Rising Star and goes on stage in the middle of a disco musical number as the director screams for him to stop. Tipping his hat to the audience, Sonny carefully rides the horse down the runway, out of the nightclub and through the casino. After trotting down the Las Vegas strip, Sonny and Rising Star gallop out of town. In the aftermath of the incident, AMPCO executives are desperate to locate Sonny before the press does, worried that the cowboy might raise concerns about the company's treatment of the horse, which could jeopardize an upcoming $300 million merger. At a press conference, they announce that Sonny is facing grand larceny charges.

Meanwhile, in the Nevada desert, Sonny borrows a camper van from his friend Gus Atwater and drives to Utah with Rising Star. Along the way, he begins to detoxify the stallion and treat the animal's swollen tendon. Back at the casino, Hallie investigates Sonny's whereabouts. After piecing together clues from Leroy and Wendell, Hallie tracks down Gus and cajoles him into revealing Sonny's location. Sonny is angry when Hallie finds his campsite, so he refuses to answer questions about why he took the horse. Before continuing on his way, he punctures the tires of her car. Unable to trail Sonny, Hallie returns to Las Vegas and reports on television that she found the rebel cowboy and the kidnapped horse, but keeps the location confidential, which frustrates AMPCO executives.

Driving into St. George, Utah, Sonny hears on the radio that a massive search is underway for Rising Star and he is annoyed that AMPCO accuses him of being an alcoholic who might not have the horse's best interests at heart. He telephones Hallie and says that if she can leave Las Vegas without being followed, he will give her a story. Arriving in a remote canyon with video equipment, Hallie records Sonny on camera as he reveals that the champion racehorse was pumped with drugs and put on stage with dancing girls, but has earned a better life. Following the interview, Sonny discloses to Hallie that he will turn Rising Star loose at a secret destination.

Based on information obtained earlier from Sonny's estranged wife, Hallie assumes that Sonny is taking Rising Star to Rim Rock Canyon, Utah. In a nearby town, Hallie telephones her producer and requests a camera crew at Rim Rock. When she notices an army of police cars on the streets, she arranges for a truck driver to deliver the videotape to a television affiliate in St. George and returns to warn Sonny. Scrambling into the camper, she insists she must accompany Sonny, or the authorities will force her to reveal all she knows. After arriving in town, Sonny orders Hallie to drive the camper to a lake near Cisco Falls, while he distracts the police and gallops away on Rising Star. Using his rodeo skills and the horse's speed, Sonny evades the police and by nightfall, meets Hallie at the lake.

Meanwhile, the videotape of Sonny is broadcast on television, and the public perceives him as a hero. Since authorities have been alerted to the camper, Sonny, Hallie and Rising Star leave it behind and begin walking. Along the way, they encounter a local farmer who admired Sonny's statement on television and offers to drive them to the next county in a tractor-trailer, foregoing the $50,000 reward for Sonny's capture. The farmer also provides rations as Sonny and Hallie continue on foot. During the isolated journey, the animosity between Sonny and Hallie dissipates, and they become lovers. Hallie is impressed by Sonny's knowledge of the outdoors and his integrity, and likewise, Sonny admires her street smarts and talents as a reporter.

Meanwhile, the AMPCO executives notice that Sonny's newfound popularity has boosted cereal sales, and they begin to reverse their position. Getting closer to their destination, Sonny and Hallie spend the night at an old hunting cabin, but Hallie appears anxious. She confesses to Sonny that she ordered television cameras to meet them at Rim Rock, but now regrets her actions. Despite the possibility that police might be there, Sonny will not change his plans. The following day, Sonny stops in a valley and announces that they have arrived, but Hallie is confused because she does not see the camera crew. Sonny explains that this location, where he always intended to set Rising Star free, is Silver Reef, not Rim Rock. Relieved, Hallie kisses Rising Star goodbye, and Sonny releases the stallion to join a herd of wild horses.

Meanwhile, AMPCO executives wait at Rim Rock with television reporters and a welcoming banner before realizing that they have been misinformed about his arrival. At a café in St. George, Hallie and Sonny enjoy a meal together, kiss goodbye and go their separate ways. Later, from the television studio in New York City, Hallie reports on her journey with Sonny and mentions that all charges against the cowboy have been dropped while the whereabouts of Rising Star are still unknown.

Development
Casting for The Electric Horseman either continued or led to many reoccurring collaborations between cast and crew members. On November 28, 1978, Robert Redford was announced to star in the film, becoming the fifth film in which Sydney Pollack directed Redford following This Property Is Condemned (1966), Jeremiah Johnson (1972), The Way We Were (1973) and Three Days of the Condor (1975). This director-actor relationship would continue with two more films: Out of Africa (1985) and Havana (1990). Pollack had also previously directed Fonda in They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969), whereas Redford and Fonda previously teamed on The Chase (1966) and Barefoot in the Park (1967).

The Electric Horseman is noted as being the debut acting performance of long-time country and western singer Willie Nelson, who plays the role of Wendell Hickson. According to Pollack, Nelson improvised most of his dialogue in the film. Pollack would later be executive producer for Nelson's 1980 starring vehicle Honeysuckle Rose. The film was also only the second film performance of character actor Wilford Brimley, who would later team with Redford in The Natural (1984).

Filming
Principal photography for The Electric Horseman took place during late 1978 and early 1979 throughout Nevada and Utah. While the film was prominently shot on location in Las Vegas and Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area, additional filming took place in various locations across the state of Utah, including Grafton, St. George, and Zion National Park.

While filming generally went smoothly, Pollack struggled with revising the script while filming was underway. In addition, there was one particular day in which production was continuously delayed due to traveling thunderstorms that interrupted the 20-second kissing scene between Redford and Fonda. Ultimately, the scene ended up requiring 48 takes that pushed costs to $280,000. The film went over budget by $1.3 million, spending a total of $12.5 million.

Music
The musical score to The Electric Horseman was composed by Dave Grusin. In addition to co-starring, Willie Nelson contributed significantly to the film's soundtrack, singing five songs including "My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys", "Midnight Rider," "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys," "So You Think You're a Cowboy" and "Hands on the Wheel." Coinciding with the film's release, a soundtrack album was released featuring both Nelson's songs and Grusin's score.

Release and reception
The Electric Horseman was released theatrically in the United States on December 21, 1979. Even with the budget escalating to $12.5 million, the film was a box office success, becoming the eleventh highest grossing film of 1979 after grossing a domestic total of nearly $62 million. While the film was co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Universal Pictures, and distributed by Columbia domestically and Universal internationally, the US film rights would later revert to Universal. It has since been released on CED (Capacitance Electronic Disc) Videodiscs, VHS, Betamax, LaserDisc, DVD and Blu-ray by Universal Studios, although current home video releases have replaced "My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys" with a generic instrumental sound-alike recording in the opening title sequence. A 2019 North American Universal Blu-ray edition returns the music removed on many past video releases.

While the film was a commercial success, it received mixed reviews upon release. Film review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 64% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 22 reviews with a "Fresh" rating, with an average score of 5.83/10. The film was also nominated for an Academy Award in 1980 for Best Sound (Arthur Piantadosi, Les Fresholtz, Michael Minkler and Al Overton Jr.). Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune called the film "a nicely polished piece of entertainment from director Sydney Pollack, who regularly works with the biggest of stars and rarely lets his camera get in the way of those stars." Siskel, who gave the film three stars, highlighted what he detected to be genuine chemistry between Redford and Fonda. He also lauded the movie's "outstanding secondary cast," including Saxon, Coster and Nelson. Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars and called it "the kind of movie they used to make. It's an oddball love story about a guy and a girl and a prize racehorse, and it has a chase scene and some smooching and a happy ending. It could have starred Tracy and Hepburn, or Gable and Colbert, but it doesn't need to because this time it stars Robert Redford and Jane Fonda."

title: The Electric Horseman


text:
Xanthate

A xanthate is a salt or ester of a xanthic acid. The formula of the salt of xanthic acid is [R\sO\sCS2]−M+ (where R is organyl group and M is usually Na or K). Xanthate also refers to the anion [R\sO\sCS2]−. The formula of a xanthic acid is R\sO\sC(\dS)\sS\sH, such as ethyl xanthic acid, while the formula of an ester of a xanthic acid is R\sO\sC(\dS)\sS\sR', where R and R' are organyl groups. The salts of xanthates are also called O-organyl dithioates. The esters of xanthic acid are also called O,S-diorganyl esters of dithiocarbonic acid. The name xanthate is derived from Ancient Greek ξανθός (xanthos) meaning 'yellowish' or 'golden', and indeed most xanthate salts are yellow. They were discovered and named in 1823 by Danish chemist William Christopher Zeise. These organosulfur compounds are important in two areas: the production of cellophane and related polymers from cellulose and (in mining) for extraction of certain sulphide bearing ores. They are also versatile intermediates in organic synthesis.

Formation and structure
Xanthate salts of alkali metals are produced by the treatment of an alcohol, alkali, and carbon disulfide. The process is called xanthation. In chemical terminology, the alkali reacts with the alcohol to produce an alkoxide, which is the nucleophile that adds to the electrophilic carbon atom in CS2. Often the alkoxide is generated in situ by treating the alcohol with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide:
 * ROH + CS2 + KOH → ROCS2K + H2O

For example, sodium ethoxide gives sodium ethyl xanthate. Many alcohols can be used in this reaction. Technical grade xanthate salts are usually of 90–95% purity. Impurities include alkali metal sulfides, sulfates, trithiocarbonates, thiosulfates, sulfites, or carbonates as well as residual raw material such as alcohol and alkali hydroxide. These salts are available commercially as powder, granules, flakes, sticks, and solutions are available.

Some commercially or otherwise useful xanthate salts include:
 * sodium ethyl xanthate CH3CH2OCS2Na
 * potassium ethyl xanthate, CH3CH2OCS2K
 * potassium isopropyl xanthate, (CH3)2CHOCS2K
 * sodium isobutyl xanthate, (CH3)2CHCH2OCS2Na
 * potassium amyl xanthate, CH3(CH2)4OCS2K

The OCS2 core of xanthate salts, like that of the carbonates and the esters has trigonal planar molecular geometry. The central carbon atom is sp2-hybridized.

Acid-base properties
Xanthatic acids, with the formula ROC(S)SH, can be prepared by treating alkali metal xanthates, e.g. potassium ethyl xanthate, with hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. The methyl and ethyl xanthic acids are oils that are soluble in organic solvents. Benzyl xanthic acid is a solid. They have pKas near 2. These compounds thermally decompose in the presence of base to the alcohol and carbon disulfide.

Xanthic acids characteristically decompose:
 * ROCS2K + HCl → ROH + CS2 + KCl

This reaction is the reverse of the method for the preparation of the xanthate salts. The intermediate in the decomposition is the xanthic acid, ROC(S)SH, which can be isolated in certain cases.

Other reactions
Xanthate anions also undergo alkylation to give xanthate esters, which are generally stable:
 * ROCS2K + R′X → ROC(S)SR′ + KX

The C-O bond in these compounds are susceptible to cleavage by the Barton–McCombie deoxygenation, which provides a means for deoxygenation of alcohols.

They can be oxidized to dixanthogen disulfides:
 * 2 ROCS2Na + I2 → ROC(S)S2C(S)OR + 2 NaI

Acylation of xanthates gives alkyl xanthogen esters (ROC(S)SC(O)R') and related anhydrides.

Xanthates bind to transition metal cations as bidentate ligands. The charge-neutral complexes are soluble in organic solvents.

Xanthates are intermediates in the Chugaev elimination process. They can be used to control radical polymerisation under the RAFT process, also termed MADIX (macromolecular design via interchange of xanthates).

Industrial applications
Cellulose reacts with carbon disulfide (CS2) in presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produces sodium cellulose xanthate, which upon neutralization with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) gives viscose rayon or cellophane paper (Sellotape or Scotch Tape).

Xanthate salts (e.g. sodium alkyl xanthates, dixanthogen) are widely used as flotation agents in mineral processing.

Related compounds
Rarely encountered, thioxanthates arise by the reaction of CS2 with thiolate salts. For example, sodium ethylthioxanthate has the formula C2H5SCS2Na. Dithiocarbamates are also related compounds. They arise from the reaction of a secondary amine with CS2. For example, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate has the formula (C2H5)2NCS2Na.

Environmental impacts
While biodegradable, this class of chemicals may be toxic to life in water at concentrations of less than 1 mg/L. Water downstream of mining operations is often contaminated with xanthates.

title: Xanthate


text:
User talk:Eirikjoha

Welcome!
Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at the Guide to layout, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
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 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
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 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:13, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eirikjoha


text:
Ulster-Scots Agency

The Ulster-Scots Agency (Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch ) is a cross-border body for Ireland which seeks to "promote the study, conservation and development of Ulster-Scots as a living language, to encourage and develop the full range of its attendant culture, and to promote an understanding of the history of the Ulster-Scots [people]."

Purpose
The remit of the agency is "the promotion of greater awareness and the use of Ullans and of Ulster-Scots cultural issues, both within Northern Ireland and throughout the island." "Ullans" and "Ulster-Scots cultural issues" are defined in inter-governmental agreement and enshrined in legislation as follows: "'Ullans' is to be understood as the variety of the Scots language traditionally found in parts of Northern Ireland and Donegal. 'Ulster-Scots cultural issues' relate to the cultural traditions of the part of the population of Northern Ireland and the border counties which is of Scottish ancestry and the influence of their cultural traditions on others, both within the island of Ireland and in the rest of the world."

Structure and funding
The agency is part of The North/South Language Body, established as a result of the Belfast Agreement of 1998. Its counterpart is Foras na Gaeilge, which was set up to promote the Irish language. The two bodies work together on some events, such as the National Ploughing Championships and the Balmoral Show.

It has its head office in the Corn Exchange Building in Belfast, and a regional office in Raphoe, in eastern County Donegal (one of the three counties of the historical province of Ulster in the Republic of Ireland).

Governance
The agency is overseen by an eight-member board, appointed by the North/South Ministerial Council.

Staff
Answering to the Board but with day-to-day executive authority is the CEO. In turn there are directors for education and language, community and promotion, and corporate services. The staff levels have always been modest, reported as around 16 in 2015.

Funding
It is jointly funded by the Department for Communities (tha Depairtment fur Commonities in Ulster-Scots) in Northern Ireland and the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media in the Republic of Ireland.

Work
The agency delivers some projects itself, but also provides grants to charitable and community groups for language, musical and dance events. Bigger events include festivals and summer schools, but small projects are also supported.

School visits and fairs are a major area of activity.

Projects which have been undertaken include an audio-recording survey of native speakers, the compilation of a two-way Ulster Scots/English dictionary, a text base of written Ulster Scots, and an expert translation service.

Ulster-Scots Discovery Centre
In the same building as the agency's HQ, but with a separate entrance, the agency operates a Discovery Centre, which includes exhibitions about the language and its history, and has space for groups to study further.

Supported bodies
Relevant bodies to which the agency provides funding include the Ulster-Scots Language Society, Ullans Speakers Association and the Ulster-Scots Community Network.

Publications
The agency publishes an English-language newsletter, albeit with some token Scots, several times a year, entitled The Ulster-Scot, as a supplement to the Belfast News Letter. The publication has also been made available free of charge upon request. An e-bulletin is also issued. Further publications are planned over time.

Websites
Aside from its main website, the agency operates sites around the plantation of Ulster, settlements in the United States, and Rathlin Island.

title: Ulster-Scots Agency


text:
Jayne County

Jayne County (born Wayne Rogers, July 13, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and record producer whose career has spanned six decades. Under the name Wayne County (inspired by Wayne County, Michigan), she was the vocalist of influential proto-punk band Wayne County & the Electric Chairs who became known for their campy and foul-mouthed ballads, glam punk inspired songs, and image which was heavily influenced by Jackie Curtis and the Theatre of the Ridiculous. County in particular was known for her outrageous and unpredictable stage antics as well as possessing a distinctive singing voice. She went on to become rock's first openly transgender singer, and adopted the stage name Jayne County.

County's music has encompassed a number of styles over the course of her career, including glam punk, punk rock, blues rock, and boogie-woogie. County did not think her birth name Wayne Vernoy Rogers "sounded very glamorous" and decided to adopt the name of the county in which Detroit was located because she admired bands from that city "like Iggy [Pop] and all those people." Though she has never been a commercial success, she has been an influence on a number of musicians including David Bowie, the Ramones, Patti Smith, Pete Burns and Lou Reed, and many of County's songs have become well-known, including "Man Enough to Be a Woman", "Fuck Off", "Stuck on You," and "Night Time". Pianist Jools Holland's first studio outing was with County on her single "Fuck Off". She also appeared as an actress at Andy Warhol's Factory and had a brief association with David Bowie during the 1970s. County played Lounge Lizard in the second punk rock film, Derek Jarman's Jubilee, and the band performed "Paranoia Paradise", which also appeared on the Jubilee Soundtrack album, released by Polydor UK in 1978. Wayne County and the Electric Chairs were supported by The Police during their 1977 tour of Holland, later recruiting Police guitarist Henry Padovani on rhythm guitar.

Early years
County was born as Wayne Rogers in 1947 to working-class parents. She was gender-nonconforming from a young age, wearing makeup at school. County left her hometown of Dallas, Georgia in 1968 to move to New York City, where she became a regular at the Stonewall Inn and took part in the historic riots. In 1969, County was asked by Warhol superstar and playwright Jackie Curtis to appear in her play Femme Fatale. The play had a successful run at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club and starred Patti Smith. In her autobiography, County says of Curtis, "She was my biggest influence, the person who really got me started."

1970–1979
After appearing in Femme Fatale, County wrote the play World – Birth of a Nation (The Castration of Man). The play was directed by Tony Ingrassia and promoted as a "homosexual fantasy." The play was set in a hospital and related to castration of the male sex. County played both Florence Nitingale and her sister Ethel Nitingale, and the play also featured Cherry Vanilla who played a nurse named Tilly Tons.

After seeing County in the play, Warhol cast her in his own theatrical production of Pork, which was adapted and directed by Tony Ingrassia. After a run in New York, the play was performed in London with the same New York cast. Upon returning to New York, County appeared in another play, Island by Tony Ingrassia, again with Patti Smith.

In 1972, County formed Queen Elizabeth, one of the pioneering proto-punk bands. County was signed to MainMan Artistes, David Bowie's management firm, but no records were ever produced. The company spent over $200,000 to film the 1974 stage show, "Wayne at the Trucks", but footage has never been released. The show featured numerous costume changes and some of County's raunchiest material. Eight songs from the show were released on the 2006 album "Wayne County at the Trucks", on Munster Records. County claims the show was the inspiration for Bowie's Diamond Dogs tour. In particular, County maintains that the song "Queenage Baby" was a prototype for Bowie's song "Rebel Rebel", a claim which is supported by some rock critics.

In 1974, County formed Wayne County and the Backstreet Boys, which recorded three tracks for Max's Kansas City: New York New Wave, a compilation that also featured Suicide, Pere Ubu, Cherry Vanilla and The Fast. Wayne County and The Backstreet Boys played regularly at CBGB and Max's Kansas City, where County was also a DJ. In 1976, she appeared in the film The Blank Generation, directed by Amos Poe and Ivan Kral. The film, the recording and the shows were the beginnings of what came to be known as punk rock, and helped define the movement.

In 1977, County moved to London, where the English punk scene was just emerging, and formed Wayne County & the Electric Chairs. County released the EP Electric Chairs 1977, plus a single on Illegal Records. This was followed by "Fuck Off", recorded as a single for Safari Records and supported with a European tour. While in London, County met Derek Jarman, who cast her as Lounge Lizard in the seminal punk film Jubilee, which also starred Adam Ant, Toyah Willcox, Ian Charleson, Little Nell and Jordan. County and band are also featured in The Punk Rock Movie, by Don Letts, containing part of a 1977 performance at The Roxy club in London.

In December of 1978, the Wayne County song "Fucked by the Devil," was recorded by Jimi LaLumia and The Psychotic Frogs, and released the following year on their EP Typically Tasteless. It quickly sold 1,000 copies. Later on, LaLumia would work with County in a managerial position.

Shortly after this, Wayne County and The Electric Chairs recorded their first, eponymous album, as well as another EP, "Blatantly Offensive", which contained "Fuck Off" and "Toilet Love." After their touring in support of these releases was done, they recorded "Storm the Gates of Heaven". Their next album, released in 1979, was "Things Your Mother Never Told You", which featured several songs based on County's experiences in Germany. The album was produced by David Cunningham. After it was released, the band broke up and County, along with guitarist Eliot Michael, returned to the U.S.

When County moved to Berlin in 1979, she changed her stage name to Jayne County, publicly identifying as a woman for the first time. County's 1980 release of "Rock and Roll Resurrection" (In Concert) on Attic Records was under this name. With Eliot Michael on guitar, Peter Jordan on bass, and Sammy Minelli on drums, the first live show under County's new name in Toronto sparked erroneous rumors of a sex-change operation.

1980–present
In 1983, County returned to New York where she appeared in the theatrical production Les Girls with Holly Woodlawn. Shortly thereafter she returned to London for the première of the German film City of Lost Souls, released on February 5, 1983, in which she played Leila and staying long enough to record a new album. Warren Heighway befriended County in Manchester and became her UK manager. He put a band together to record County's debut studio album Private Oyster. The band members came from various rock bands from the Manchester area: Guitarist Richard Stuart Clarke, bassist Mark Pearson and drummer Bazz Creece. The album was recorded at Pennine Studios in Oldham and released on Revolver Records in 1986. To promote the album in the UK around this time County mainly used backing tapes.

1989 saw County release the mini album Betty Grables Legs and the single "Time Machine" on Jungle Records, recorded at Station House Studios New Brighton with Mark Pearson on bass, Paul Wainwright on guitar and Kevin O'Brien on drums. Shows with this line-up put County back on the live circuit. Following widespread media attention, she returned to the U.S. where her manager for America, Jimi LaLumia, secured the future release of the album Goddess of Wet Dreams on the ESP DISK label; this became County's first U.S. release. Lalumia then secured a deal for County with the NY based label Royalty Records; Royalty released the UK based County compilation Rock & Roll Cleopatra, and the subsequent studio album Deviation. Royalty would later launch County's first and only major U.S. tour in support of the releases, while in Manchester Warren Heighway booked studio time and shows around the UK.

From 1990 onwards, many of County's earlier recordings were re-released, including the early Safari tracks, on a CD titled Rock & Roll Cleopatra. She recorded the album Goddess of Wet Dreams at Twilight Studios in Salford in 1993, followed by Deviation recorded at The Cutting Rooms in Crumpsall Manchester in the autumn of 1994. Later that year, she appeared in Wigstock: The Movie and released her autobiography Man Enough to Be a Woman published by Serpent's Tail. A launch party was held at The Rock Garden Covent Garden London on June 13, 1995, to promote both the book and the Deviation album.

From 1989 to 1997, Jayne County & The Electric Chairs consisted of County on vocals, Mark Pearson on bass, Paul Wainwright on guitar, and Colin Rocks on drums. This lineup recorded and toured both the UK and Europe during this time, with Warren Heighway acting as agent and Manchester Management for his "Trace Element Corporation" until his death on July 19, 2005.

Since that time, several new tracks have surfaced on various compilations and through County's official website. Many of these tracks, both live and studio recordings, were collected on the Ratcage Records release So New York, including collaborations with Lisa Jackson and former Electric Chairs guitarist Eliot Michael. A live show, recorded on County's birthday, was released on the 2002 CD Wash Me in the Blood (of Rock & Roll) – Live at Squeeze Box by Fang Records. The CD features a duet on "California Sun" by County and former nemesis "Handsome" Dick Manitoba of The Dictators. In 2005, Man Enough to Be a Woman, a live DVD, was released on Cherry Red Films recorded at Holidays in the Sun punk festival at Blackpool Winter Gardens on August 11, 1996.

After leaving New York City, County settled in the Atlanta area where she has a band called the Electrick Queers with guitarist Jet Terror, bassist Gary Yoxen, and drummer Rob Kirkland. In 2014 Safari Records released a CD/DVD of Live at Rockpalast from 1978. On July 22, 2015, Jayne County & the Electrick Queers headlined ARMageddon, to benefit Blast-Off Burlesque's Trey Chic.

On 23 September 2017, County released an EP by Jayne County and The JC5 titled Here Come the JC5.

In 2018, County debuted a retrospective show of visual art at Participant, Inc, a gallery in New York City. Comprising five decades of work, Paranoia Paradise included paintings, drawings, collages, and photography.

Jayne County's autobiography was republished by Serpent's Tail in May 2021.

Discography

 * Albums

 * Extended plays

 * Singles

Biography

 * Republished 2021, Serpent's Tail. ISBN 9781788166539
 * Republished 2021, Serpent's Tail. ISBN 9781788166539

title: Jayne County


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bruno Bronosky

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 07:38, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Bruno Bronosky
This is user's first entry or edit. A Google search reveals three hits for Bronosky's name - one of which is a comment on an amazon.com review (not of his own publication), another of which is from his own blog. I cannot find any publications under his name, nor do I recognise it (and I'm somewhat into philosophy). jglc | t | c 22:14, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC) Most of Bruno's writings aren't commercially available (yet). Would this article be more acceptable if I created an archive of his public-domain works? So one needs to publish works commercially to be accepted and/or relevant? Need I remind you that this very wiki is noncommercial and open-source? Sometimes the most pertinent gems of wisdom are noncommercial. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.126.231.163 (talk • contribs) 22:22, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. --Xcali 22:15, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a nice thought, but I don't think so - he hasn't achieved notoriety to the degree where people would be wondering about him and trying to learn more about him on wikipedia. When and if he achieves a level of academic notability to warrant his works being considered substantial, he belongs here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.126.231.163 (talk • contribs) 22:33, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Think of it this way: I can write as many papers as I want, and put them in the public domain. Until they are accepted, however, with some level of academic accolade (or perhaps notoriety), they are in no way different than the writings of any other student. jglc | t | c 22:30, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * He doesn't have to be published. He has to become well-known; not even well-known by a strict standard, but certainly more well-known than not at all. jglc | t | c 22:36, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * One needs to do something notable in order to be notable. He hasn't. Delete. Ben-w 00:40, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 03:15, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- doesn't appear to be notable. (A comment on the conversation above: It's not the role of Wikipedia to inform the public about what should be deemed relevant -- indeed, such an approach would be a clear violation of the NPOV policy -- but rather to report what is already considered to be relevant or noteworthy. Furthermore, if Bronosky is already notable and deserving of an article of his own, the article certainly doesn't tell us why. Neither does Google; searching for '"Bruno Bronosky" philosopher' yields a total of zero hits; replace 'philosopher' with 'philosophy', and you get a single hit, to an audio Bible... where someone named Bruno Bronosky is not an author but a random internet reviewer. Of course, Google isn't necessarily the best research tool for something like this, so maybe he is notable... but until he is shown to be, I'm going to have to vote for deletion here, and I'd imagine the same goes for most of us here.) -- Captain Disdain 20:05, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
National Democratic League

The National Democratic League was a cross-party political organisation in the United Kingdom, which aimed to unite Liberal Party and former Independent Labour Party (ILP) members in a campaign for basic democratic reforms.

The League was founded in October 1900 on the initiative of William Thompson, editor of Reynold's News. Concerned by the Conservative Party majority in the 1900 UK general election and the establishment of the Labour Representation Committee (LRC), he called the "Democratic Convention", aiming to bring together liberals and socialists on a basic democratic programme, inspired by Chartism.

The League's programme contained seven proposals: universal adult suffrage, automatic electoral registration, the abolition of multiple voting, for the state to cover election expenses, and to pay MPs, the abolition of the House of Lords, and the introduction of a two-round system of voting.

Although the programme was limited, it did attract the support of some branches of the ILP and Social Democratic Federation. Their national organisations did not seek to prohibit them from participating, but were strongly critical of the limited focus of the League.

Tom Mann became the league's first Secretary, serving for three years; he was simultaneously employed as its full-time organiser. He was succeeded by Victor Fisher. Thompson served as the President, while David Lloyd George, Robert Smillie, W. C. Steadman and Richard Bell were among its Vice-Presidents.

Although initial interest soon faded, Mann's work led to a short revival in its fortunes in 1902. At this time, the League was particularly strong in London; by 1902, it had 31 branches there, with 34 in the remainder of the country. However, it soon declined everywhere, particularly as the LRC gained strength and became the Labour Party. Thompson lost interest in the organisation, and Frank Hugh O'Donnell took over the presidency, while the Fabian James E. Dobson became Secretary, and John Ward became Chairman. It appears to have dissolved some time after 1911.

title: National Democratic League


text:
User:Joolz/workshop

Majorities
This is a list of constituencies at the general election of 2005 in the United Kingdom, ordered by the majority of the winning party.

Conservative

 * 1) Buckingham - 37.5 - 18,192 (Labour)
 * 2) New Forest West - 37.5 - 17,285 (Libdem)
 * 3) Beaconsfield - 35.0 - 15,253 (Libdem)
 * 4) Epsom and Ewell (UK Parliament constituency) – 33.0% – 16,447 (Libdem)
 * 5) Surrey East - 32.3 - 15,921 (Libdem)
 * 6) Maidstone and The Weald - 30.5 - 14,856 (Labour)
 * 7) Sevenoaks - 30.0 - 12,970 (Libdem)
 * 8) Chesham and Amersham - 29.3 - 13,798 (Libdem)
 * 9) Tonbridge and Malling - 29.0 - 13,352 (Labour)
 * 10) Bexhill and Battle - 28.7 - 13,448 (Libdem)
 * 11) Wealden - 28.6 - 15,921 (Libdem)
 * 12) Runnymede and Weybridge - 28.4 - 12,349 (Labour)
 * 13) Henley - 27.5 - 12,793 (Libdem)
 * 14) Hampshire North East - 26.5 - 12,549 (Libdem)
 * 15) Witney - 26.3 - 14,156 (Libdem)
 * 16) Hampshire North West - 25.9 - 13,264 (Libdem)
 * 17) Reigate - 25.8 - 10,988 (Libdem)
 * 18) Ashford - 25.7% - 13,298 (Labour)
 * 19) Mole Valley - 24.3 - 11,997 (Libdem)
 * 20) Fareham - 24.1 - 11,702 (Labour)
 * 21) Folkestone and Hythe - 24.1 - 11,680 (Libdem)
 * 22) Windsor - 23.6 - 10,292 (Libdem)
 * 23) Bracknell - 23.5 - 12,036 (Labour)
 * 24) Tunbridge Wells - 23.5 - 9,988 (Libdem)
 * 25) Horsham - 23.2 - 12,627 (Libdem)
 * 26) Spelthorne - 23.2 - 9,936 (Labour)
 * 27) Arundel and South Downs - 22.8% - 11,309 (Libdem)
 * 28) Surrey Heath - 22.7 - 10,845 (Libdem)
 * 29) Aylesbury - 21.5 - 11,067 (Libdem)
 * 30) Worthing West - 20.9 - 9,379 (Libdem)
 * 31) Chichester - 20.7 - 10,680 (Libdem)
 * 32) Faversham and Kent Mid (UK Parliament constituency) 20.0 8,720 (Labour)
 * 33) Isle of Wight - 19.4 - 12,978 (Libdem)
 * 34) Banbury - 19.2 - 10,797 (Labour)
 * 35) Bognor Regis and Littlehampton - 19.2 - 7,822 (Labour)
 * 36) Worthing East and Shoreham - 18.4 - 8,183 (Labour)
 * 37) Thanet North (UK Parliament constituency) - 17.5 - 7,634 (Labour)
 * 38) Esher and Walton - 16.1 - 7,727 (Libdem)
 * 39) Wycombe - 15.9 - 7,051 (Labour)
 * 40) Canterbury - 15.7 - 7,471 (Labour)
 * 41) Havant - 15.7 - 6,508 (Labour)
 * 42) Wantage - 15.4 - 8,017 (Libdem)
 * 43) New Forest East - 14.5 - 6,551 (Libdem)
 * 44) Woking - 14.4 - 6,612 (Libdem)
 * 45) Maidenhead - 13.6 - 6,231 (Libdem)
 * 46) Gosport (constituency) - 13.3 - 5730 (Labour)
 * 47) Hexham - 12.1 - 5,020 (Labour)
 * 48) Mid Sussex - 11.9 - 5,890 (Libdem)
 * 49) Aldershot – 11.1% – 5,334 (Libdem)
 * 50) Surrey South West - 10.9 - 5,711 (Libdem)
 * 51) Hampshire East - 10.4 - 5,509 (Libdem)
 * 52) Monmouth - 9.9 - 4,527 (Labour)
 * 53) Basingstoke (constituency) - 9.7 - 4,680 (Labour)
 * 54) Newbury - 6.3 - 3,460 (Libdem)
 * 55) Milton Keynes North East - 3.3 - 1,665 (Labour)
 * 56) Eastbourne - 2.3 - 1,124 (Libdem)
 * 57) Preseli Pembrokeshire - 1.6 - 607 (Labour)
 * 58) Gravesham (UK Parliament constituency) - 1.4 - 654 (Labour)
 * 59) Reading East - 1.1 - 475 (Labour)
 * 60) Guildford - 0.7 - 347 (Libdem)
 * 61) Clwyd West - 0.4 - 133 (Labour)

 * 1) Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale - 3.9 - 1738 (Lab)
 * 2) Congleton - 17.7 - 8,246 (Lab)
 * 3) Eddisbury - 13.6 - 6,195 (Lab)
 * 4) Fylde - 27.4 - 12,459 (Lab)
 * 5) Lancaster and Wyre - 8.0 - 4741 (Lab)
 * 6) Penrith and The Border - 25.4 - 11,904 (LD)
 * 7) Ribble Valley - 28.5 14,171(LD)
 * 8) Tatton - 28.3 - ? (Lab)
 * 9) Altrincham and Sale West - 16.2 - 7,159 (Lab)
 * 10) Macclesfield - 20.6 - 9,401 (Lab)
 * 11) Hexham - 12.1 - 5,020 (Lab)
 * 12) Beverley and Holderness - 5.1 - 2,580 (Lab)
 * 13) Haltemprice and Howden - 10.7 - 5,116 (LD)
 * 14) Richmond, North Yorkshire - 39.4 - 17,807 (Lab)
 * 15) Ryedale - 23.7 - 10,469 (LD)
 * 16) Scarborough and Whitby - 2.7 - 1,245 (Lab)
 * 17) Skipton and Ripon - 23.0 - 11,620 (LD)
 * 18) Vale of York - 27.2 - 13,712 (Lab)
 * 19) East Yorkshire - 13.4 - 6,283 (Lab)
 * 20) Shipley - 0.9 - 422 (Lab)
 * 21) Blaby - 15.9 - 7,873 (Lab)
 * 22) Bosworth - 11.2 - 5,319 (Lab)
 * 23) Charnwood - 17.4 - 8,809  (Lab)
 * 24) West Derbyshire - 21.0 - 10,753 (Lab)
 * 25) Rushcliffe - 23.0 - 12,974 (Lab)
 * 26) Boston and Skegness - 14.2 - 5,907 (Lab)
 * 27) Daventry - 24.3 - 14,686 (Lab)
 * 28) Gainsborough - 17.5 - 8,003 (LD)
 * 29) Grantham and Stamford - 15.8 - 7,445 (Lab)
 * 30) Harborough - 8.1 - 3,892 (LD)
 * 31) Kettering - 5.9 - 3,301 (Lab)
 * 32) Louth and Horncastle - 21.2 - 9,896 (Lab)
 * 33) Newark - 14.1 - 6,4,64 (Lab)
 * 34) Rutland and Melton - 26.2 - 12,930 (Lab)
 * 35) Northampton South - 8.1 - 4419 (Lab)
 * 36) Sleaford and North Hykeham - 23.8 - 12,705 (Lab)
 * 37) South Holland and The Deepings - 32.7 - 15,780 (Lab)
 * 38) Wellingborough - 1.3 - 687 (Lab)

Labour

 * 1) Easington - 58.5 - 18,636 (Libdem)
 * 2) Houghton and Washington East - 46.3 - 16,065 (Libdem)
 * 3) Durham North - 44.9 - 16,781 (Libdem)
 * 4) Sedgefield - 44.5 - 18,449 (Con)
 * 5) Jarrow - 40.9 - 13,904 (Libdem)
 * 6) Tyneside North - 40.7 - 15,037 (Con)
 * 7) Tyne Bridge - 39.4 - 10,400 (Libdem)
 * 8) Middlesbrough - 39.1 - 12,567 (Libdem)
 * 9) Gateshead East and Washington West - 38.7 - 13,407 (Libdem)
 * 10) Sunderland South - 36.0 - 11,059 (Con)
 * 11) Sunderland North - 34.6 - 9,995 (Con)
 * 12) Stockton North - 34.1 - 12,439 (Con)
 * 13) Durham North West - 34.0 - 13,443 (Libdem)
 * 14) Redcar - 31.2 - 12,116 (Libdem)
 * 15) Wansbeck - 28.7 - 10,581 (Libdem)
 * 16) Darlington - 26.4 - 10,404 (Con)
 * 17) Bishop Auckland - 26.4 - 10,047 (Libdem)
 * 18) Newcastle upon Tyne East and Wallsend - 23.9 - 7,565 (Libdem)
 * 19) Blyth Valley - 23.8 - 8,527 (Libdem)
 * 20) Southampton Itchen - 21.5 - 9,302 (Con)
 * 21) Slough - 21.2 - 7,851 (Con)
 * 22) Hartlepool - 21.1 - 7,478 (Libdem)
 * 23) Middlesbrough South and Cleveland East - 18.3 - 8,000 (Con)
 * 24) Newcastle upon Tyne North - 18.3 - 7,023 (Libdem)
 * 25) Southampton Test - 16.8 - 7,018 (Con)
 * 26) Blaydon - 13.7 - 5,335 (Libdem)
 * 27) Stockton South - 12.7 - 6,139
 * 28) Brighton Pavilion - 11.5 - 5,030 (Con)
 * 29) Reading West - 11.1 - 4,672 (Con)
 * 30) Newcastle upon Tyne Central - 11.1 - 3,982 (Libdem)
 * 31) Dover - 10.3 - 4,941 (Con)
 * 32) Tynemouth - 9.7 - 4,143
 * 33) Milton Keynes South West - 8.1 - 4,010 (Con)
 * 34) City of Durham - 7.4 - 3,274 (Libdem)
 * 35) Brighton Kemptown - 6.9 - 2,737 (Con)
 * 36) Chatham and Aylesford - 5.5 - 2,332 (Con)
 * 37) Hastings and Rye - 4.7 - 2,026 (Con)
 * 38) Portsmouth North - 3.0 - 1,139 (Con)
 * 39) Oxford East - 2.3 - 963 (Libdem)
 * 40) Thanet South - 1.6 - 664 (Con)
 * 41) Dartford - 1.5 - 706 (Con)
 * 42) Hove - 0.9 - 420 (Con)
 * 43) Gillingham - 0.6 - 254 (Con)
 * 44) Medway - 0.5 - 213 (Con)
 * 45) Sittingbourne and Sheppey - 0.2 - 79 (Con)
 * 46) Crawley - 0.1 - 37 (Con)

Peter Law (Independent)

 * Blaenau Gwent - 25.9 - 9,121 (Labour)

Plaid Cymru

 * 1) Meirionnydd Nant Conwy - 32.0 - 6,614 (Lab)
 * 2) Caernarfon - 18.6 - 5,209 (Lab)
 * 3) Carmarthen East and Dinefwr - 17.5 - 6,718 (Lab)

title: User:Joolz/workshop


text:
Billy Andrade

William Thomas Andrade (born January 25, 1964) is an American professional golfer who currently plays on the PGA Champions Tour. He was previously a member of the PGA Tour, where he was a four-time winner.

Early life
Andrade was born in Bristol, Rhode Island. He is an American Junior Golf Association (AJGA) alum and 1981 Rolex Junior Player of the Year.

He attended the Providence Country Day School for high school and then made his way to Wake Forest University where he helped lead the Demon Deacons to the 1986 NCAA Championship. He played on the U.S. team in the 1987 Walker Cup, and turned professional in the same year.

Professional career
He has four wins on the PGA Tour: the 1991 Kemper Open and Buick Classic, the 1998 Bell Canadian Open, and the 2000 Invensys Classic. He was the first golfer to win on the PGA Tour using the Titleist Pro V1 golf ball at the 2000 Invensys Classic at Las Vegas. He has been featured in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Ranking. Andrade continues to play on a limited basis, and finished T5 at the Sanderson Farms Championship on the PGA Tour in July 2013, earning $114,000. He became eligible to compete on the Champions Tour on January 25, 2014, when he turned 50 years old. He had exempt status on the Champions Tour due to his position on the career earnings money list and his multiple victories on the PGA Tour.

Charity contributions
Andrade is also an active contributor to charity. He and fellow PGA Tour professional Brad Faxon received the Golf Writers of America's 1999 Charlie Bartlett Award for their "unselfish contributions to society", and the American Heart Association's 2002 Gold Heart Award in recognition of their charity efforts. Also in 2002, Andrade and Faxon were named winners of the 2002 Ambassadors of Golf Award. Together, they run Billy Andrade/Brad Faxon Charities for Children, Inc., a non-profit organization that, as of 2005, has donated over $3 million to needy children in Rhode Island and southern Massachusetts. Since 1999, Andrade and Faxon have also served as hosts of the CVS Charity Classic, a golf tournament held at the Rhode Island Country Club each June, whose proceeds benefit the two players' charity. Every fall Andrade and PGA Tour player Stewart Cink co-host the East Lake Invitational held at East Lake Golf Club which helps to benefit the East Lake Foundation. In 2022, Andrade received the Payne Stewart Award, given annually to a golfer who exemplifies Stewart's values of character, charitable efforts, and sportsmanship.

Personal life
Andrade resides in Atlanta, Georgia, and Bristol, Rhode Island, with his wife, Jody, and their children Cameron and Grace. Unusual for a professional golfer, he is also a Democrat.

Andrade has a close friendship with Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Sandy Koufax whom he met at La Cumbre Country Club in Santa Barbara, California when Andrade was still a college player. Koufax, an avid golfer, regularly played at Andrade's annual charity golf tournament at Wannamoisett Country Club in Rumford, Rhode Island.

Amateur wins (4)

 * 1981 Junior World Cup (with Sam Randolph)
 * 1983 New England Amateur
 * 1986 North and South Amateur, Sunnehanna Amateur

PGA Tour wins (4)
PGA Tour playoff record (2–1)

Other wins (6)

 * 1987 Rhode Island Open
 * 1991 JCPenney Classic (with Kris Tschetter)
 * 1992 Fred Meyer Challenge (with Tom Kite)
 * 1994 Ernst Championship
 * 1999 Fred Meyer Challenge (with Brad Faxon)
 * 2001 Fred Meyer Challenge (with Brad Faxon)

PGA Tour Champions wins (3)
PGA Tour Champions playoff record (1–3)

Results in major championships
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" indicates a tie for a place.

Summary

 * Most consecutive cuts made – 7 (1991 PGA – 1993 U.S. Open)
 * Longest streak of top-10s – 1 (three times)

Results in The Players Championship
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}} CUT = missed the halfway cut "T" indicates a tie for a place

Results in World Golf Championships
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play

Results in senior major championships
Results not in chronological order before 2022. {{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} "T" indicates a tie for a place NT = no tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic

U.S. national team appearances
Amateur
 * Eisenhower Trophy: 1986
 * Walker Cup: 1987 (winners)

Professional
 * CVS Health Charity Classic: 2017 (winners), 2018 (winners)

title: Billy Andrade


text:
Portal talk:Association football/News

Feel free to contribute football news to the template. The news does not necessarily have to be that significant, as long as new items are posted periodically. Phoenix2 22:15, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Association football/News


text:
Loden

Loden may refer to:
 * Marilyn Loden, American writer who coined the phrase "glass ceiling"
 * Loden cape, water-resistant material (usually green) in Austrian traditional clothing made from sheep's wool, without removing the lanolin
 * Loden green, greyish green color typical of Bavarian loden garments
 * the Loden, artifact in the Shannara series
 * Loden (musician), Belgian musician
 * A modern spelling (alongside Lothen) of Loðen or Loþen, the Old English name for the historic Scottish region of Lothian.

title: Loden


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jake Raynor

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 07:38, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Jake Raynor
A thirteen-year-old amateur wrestler. Vanity? CDC  (talk)  22:19, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - NN dross. Smileyrepublic 23:11, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 03:16, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. Spotteddogsdotorg 14:55, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * strong delete vanity, nonsense. jglc | t | c 16:05, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:Eternity (Marvel Comics)

Eternity and the IG
The IG was said to make its wielder Eternity's equal, not his superior. It was Thanos' "mortal drive" and Eternity's complacency that allowed Thanos to defeat and usurp Eternity's position, not superior power. Also, while the combined cosmic cubes were able to render Eternity catatonic for a limited period of time, they did not wield power equal to or superior to Eternity -- I do not see how this information is relevant to the article as stated. The Magus with the incomplete Infinity Guantlet (fake reality gem) was clearly more powerful than the combined cosmic cubes and he still was soundly defeated by Eternity/Infinity. TheBalance 15:11, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

"Mates"?
If they can't be considered "mates", then they aren't "siblings", either. In addition, the Handbook of the Marvel Universe is currently Marvel's reference point for all contemporary titles. The comics may set continuity, but because different stories are handled by different creative teams, inconsistencies or nonspecifics may persist. The Handbook is used to state Marvel's present official standing with the character and, thus, take precedent over any prior story.

As an example, Marvel's multiverse has been given new mumerical designations (ex: Earth-1123) that hold precedent. This information did not exist previously, but has sense been established. King Zeal 20:43, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * They are siblings and have referred to each other as such in comic. They have, to my knowledge, never referred to each other as "mates" in comic.  Therein lies the difference.  Handbooks are second hand accounts of what occurred in comic, that is why in comic information should always take predecedence over the Handbooks.  If writers choose to incorporate Handbook information into a comic then it becomes canon. TheBalance 20:49, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Alright, you win. Unless I can find an actual reference whereas they've been referred to as "mates" besides the Handbook, I concede.  It's just not worth going back-and-forth over.  King Zeal 20:53, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

cosmic ballance
would it be apropriate to make refference that Eternity bound the Stranger after the results of X-men Forever in order to maintain the cosmic ballance between him death  and galacticus?

Tidy up
Found a clearer image of Eternity, added references and pulled the parts that are unfortunately just unsourced speculation and "tell the story" (eg. Silver Surfer TV series - Eternity is in it. There's no need for a blow by blow account of who does what). The blurb on who's more powerful than who was also unnecessary.

Asgardian 04:13, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Eternity doesn't possess true omnipotence as the Infinity Gems and Heart of the Universe trumped him. Only the LT appears to have that.

Asgardian 06:48, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Also, the Ultimate Nullifier killed one timeline's Eternity. Doczilla 07:23, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

The Ancient One
I just read Strange Tales 135 to 142 in the last couple of days and I'm sure that Doctor Strange mentions in 137 or 138 that the Ancient One had encountered Eternity before. So, I'm going to double check that and if I'm correct I will change the part of this article which says that Strange was the first human to contact Eternity. User: Uriah is Boss 20:41, 25 August, 2007

Yes, it is true that Eternity tells Doc Strange that it was he who gave the Ancient One the mystical amulet (which the Ancient One gave to Doc Strange). So, I corrected the article. User: Uriah is Boss 8:03, 31 Aug 2007

Check out Strange Tales #138, Eternity clearly reveals that the Ancient One was the first human (super-human) to have contact with Eternity. User: Uriah is Boss 10:07, 10 Sept. 2007

Fair use rationale for Image:Eternity1.png
Image:Eternity1.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 05:08, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

What about the One-Above-All
I just read that the One-Above-All is even more powerful then the living tribunal so should that be added when it says his power is only surpassed by the living tribunal?--RemusLupo (talk) 22:30, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Eternity's power is second only to the Living Tribunal. We do not count The One Above All because he is the "God" of the Marvel Universe...therefore he is NOT a cosmic entity. Cosmic entities still maintain some sort of physical presence in the Marvel Universe...The One Above All is above the MU so it is a given that any Marvel Character, from Living Tribunal all the way down to Rhino, is below TOAA in power. This is intuitive knowledge and does not need to be mentioned at all. Mobb One (talk) 06:23, 24 August 2008 (UTC)

Eternity and DCU Counterpart
What confirmation is there that the "female universe" whom Eternity kisses in JLA/Avengers is Kismet? Looking at Kismet's page, she doesn't look any more like Eternity's lover than She-Hulk, and the description of Kismet doesn't make her sound like the incarnation of the entire DCU. Unless a reference can be found, I think it's safer to assume that the green female Eternity counterpart was an original entity created by George Perez specifically for this comic. She's not named in the book, so I wouldn't assume any name for her. 12.73.133.20 (talk) 14:14, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

Eternity calls himself, "Adam Qadmon, the Archetypal man
Amazing that no one remembers this from Dr. Strange #13, back in the 1970s. He clearly distinguishes himself and his "brother" Death, from God.MPA 03:57, 12 April 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by MPA (talk • contribs)

Separate PH & FCB needed
WikiProject Comics guidelines separate a character's real-world publication history, which should include discussion of the character's creation and creators and his use by different professionals throughout the years, and the character's ficitional, in-universe history. As it stands, these separate things are mixed together. -- Tenebrae (talk) 00:53, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

Early part of FCB
I can't find my Doctor Strange Masterworks offhand, and don't feel like pulling my old Strange Talees out of the longbox in the closet, so I can't get to it right now, but we really should fill in the early part of Eternity's bio, where he first encounters Doctor Strange etc.--Tenebrae (talk) 00:22, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Absolutely. I'm going to do that in next day or so. It's just one of those fidgety jobs that are a little time consuming. Asgardian (talk) 04:25, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

Re: IMDb
IMDb is riddled with errors since it's essentially a wiki, which is why it's allowed as an EL but not as reference. Over at WP:FILMS, use of IMDb is extremely controversial. But since contributors to IMDb are supposed to give public sources, just like us, an actual public source other than IMDb is supposed to exist. If it doesn't, that means whoever added that claim to IMDb is using OR. -- Tenebrae (talk) 04:48, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I have no issue with this. I've inserted another. Asgardian (talk) 07:44, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

Latest Edits
Firstly, the quote (fine as it is), belongs in the out of universe PH. Such things don't belong in the B, which describes in-universe events (that is, in the Marvel Universe).

Second, I've corrected the "avatar" mention to go with the flow of the narrative.

Third, the extra information on the IG is unnecessary, as it just "tells the story" and does so with colloquial language and incorrect grammar (eg. "Eternity and Warlock meet on later occasions, but do not get along well").

Finally, the last mention of the other entities simply isn't needed. The focus here is Eternity.

Hope that helps. Asgardian (talk) 11:32, 10 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree that the quote technically belongs in an OOU, but it seemed out of context and irrelevant where it was place. will correct, although some form of correlating ”see below” reference might be an idea?
 * The description is not lengthy enough to tell the story, and it is very noteworthy to expand a little here, as this is the only time anyone has actually explored Eternity's personality. There were also other context clarifications regarding Eternity's role and what happened to it. It was defeated and supplanted by Thanos. That is noteworthy to mention just to take an example. Ditto about clarifying the consequences of Richards actions, and not to twist the wording into an official Wikipedia endorsement of genocide.
 * Mentioning the other entities established Starlin's perceived cosmic hierarchy, with Living Tribunal, Eternity and Infinity far above the rest of the entities battling Thanos. And "to surrender to Thanos" is entirely inappropriate. It was not a matter of surrender. It was a matter of crushing force quickly overwhelming everyone except the LT, Eternity, and Infinity.
 * It would "help" if you stopped being a continuous bother everywhere for me and everyone else except MobbOne and TheBalance, and actually kept the inserts or clarifying expansions, but strictly improved the structure or similar. Dave (talk) 12:18, 10 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Do you realize what you just said in that final sentence? I think you need to rethink that very quickly.

 * Once again, the mention of the quote is fine - there's too much overanalysis and speculation on your part. This was also reinforced at the Galactus article. The same applies here. The IG information is still weak colloquial language and not appropriate to Wikipedia. I can make a brief mention of the other two entities at the end, but that is all that is required. The Quasar mention was also inserted into the appropriate area. Remember, with a Biography we just try for the gist.

 * Regards Asgardian (talk) 01:48, 11 January 2010 (UTC)
 * "Rethink" how? In a far broader sense than this page, you really are continuously inserting ironic insincere statements everywhere, generally ignore my points, follow me around, censor any references you feel like etc hundreds of times over. Seriously, if your offer to "help" for once was sincere, then stop going out of your way to be a headache, and to actually compromise and collaborate by restructuring the information instead of deleting it. I continuously write up major changes to my edits in efforts to compromise, and keep all references, unless they are directly severely and directly contradicted elsewhere or inaccurate accounts, whereas you (or the two Galactus fans, but they are at least not manipulative, mostly sincere, and not nearly as much of a general problem) seem to frequently censor anything you don't like, but then again that's a subjectively biased impression from a long line of experience.

 * However, regarding the issues in this particular page, I don't have big problems with your edits, and there are only very minor ones remaining:
 * 1-2 events got the wrong chronological order.
 * It is probably structurally unwise to segment events that were not directly connected and considerably chronologically apart.
 * A clarification is in order regarding the "Big Battle" of the Infinity Gauntlet series, which was between Thanos and Eternity. Unlike the other entities it was able to directly engage Thanos' full power on its lonesome for a while. This is important to not misword so it sounds like Eternity was just one of the ones ganging up on Thanos to barely be able to keep him confused while severely holding back.
 * It seems of interest to insert a few notes about Eternity's personality as not a perfect serene being, but from Adam Warlock's perspective, as unreliable, ungrateful, greedy, and conceited, explicitly referred to in the "Warlock and the Infinity Watch" series. Someone could always retcon it as an "incomplete manifestation body" I suppose, but nobody has as of yet, so it remains noteworthy. Dave (talk) 10:15, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

 * (1) Dave, first of all, irrespective of what you think and what you believe others to be thinking, please desist from these kinds of comments: "you really are continuously inserting ironic insincere statements everywhere, generally ignore my points, follow me around." Wikipedia requires us to act in good faith.

 * (2) Also, try and avoid the obtuse side bars. There's no need to mentiion the Galactus article here or comment on the other two editors involved.

 * (3) As to the edits, if you feel something is in the wrong order, by all means, point it out. As to the mention of the stories, I think you tend to mention a tad too much detail. We try for the gist, and use formal language (see the example of colloquial language mentioned above). We can add that Eternity was concerned re: Warlock's use of the Gauntlet, but cannot speculate or infer what the entity or Warlock may be thinking. That's also reading into it a tad too much for the purposes of an article.
 * I hope that helps. Asgardian (talk) 02:08, 12 January 2010 (UTC)
 * (1) It has been stated repeatedly by different users that you use this and "incivility" as a shield for stating what you are doing, and as such this too only sounds deliberately insincere, and satirical of Wikipedia's regulations. However, I do agree with the principle in general, but hardly in terms of geining hundreds of consistent bad experiences that completely contradict it. I'm respectful until proven very wrong, but am extremely honest and say what I think at that point. You should know this very well by now. I recently had a period when I went gone overboard with giving you benefit of doubt, but you started to consistently disprove it again, so there isn't much to do about it.
 * (2) I also tend to stray and not keep the whole context separated from the smaller one. This is part of the way I work and has little to do with yourself.
 * (3) Warlock stated the "gratitude of kings" comment outright, Eternity was upset and screaming at Warlock when the latter casually dismissed the entity, and it stated outright that its intents were to convince the Tribunal to give it the Gauntlet (and tried to psychologically manipulate Warlock during the trial). These were matter of fact explicit things, but I agree that this part might be shortened down, so if you want to incorporate this information in a more concise manner, please do so rather than simply remove it.
 * Beyond this, details were very much not excessive, simply matter-of-fact statements, so I don't see the problem, and you have meshed together a couple of stories that were considerably apart into single sentences. The Defenders story and Galactus trial were considerably apart. The Secret Wars II, Elders of the Universe, and Infinity Gauntlet stories were also unconnected and should not be in the same sentences. Quasar vs. Maelstrom chronologically happened shortly before the and right at the beginning of the Infinity Gauntlet. But the "Friendless"/DC's "Endless" spoofs happened later and I placed them inaccurately.
 * I also somewhat dislike the sentence "thereby allowing them to understand that Galactus is a vital part of the universe, despite the continued loss of entire races." For one it should be "species", not "races", but that could just as well have been non-sentient creatures, so I like "despite the continued deaths of entire planetary populations" to signify sentience and functioning societies better. Dave (talk) 13:48, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

Eternity featured in the Guardians of the Galaxy film
Eternity is featured in the Guardians of the Galaxy film. In Guardians of the Galaxy: The Art of the Movie it is explained that Entropy, Infinity, Eternity, and Death are responsible for the creation of the Infinity Stones in the film. Also, Eternity and the other Cosmic Entities are seen in the Temple Vault on Morag and the Hologram in the Collectors Museum. Here's an image of all the cosmic entities from The Art of the Movie 2601:C:780:234:F452:E816:C14D:4ECA (talk) 01:15, 26 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Are you suggesting this be added to the page? If so, I agree. Especially considering Eternity is also featured in the new Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2. I think these appearances warrant a mention in the "In other media" section. Pistongrinder (talk) 17:23, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

✅ (almost 5 years later...) 2pou (talk) 09:51, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Eternity (Marvel Comics)


text:
Talk:CSD

CSD can also mean Criteria for speedy deletion or Category:Candidates for speedy deletion, but WP:CSD and CAT:CSD work better.--Henrygb 22:20, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Look around you will find it —Preceding unsigned comment added by Porsche42 (talk • contribs)

CSD
Consulting Services Department is most famous name in the Saudi Armaco Oil Company. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.36.32.136 (talk) 12:10, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

csd
csd is chronic spine disese caused from stress to the back, such as doing a paper round to save up for a tv.symptoms are a sore back, your back feeling like it has a bone missing and a sore eye. Your spine will slowly crumble away and leave you in a wheelchair and u will only have control over your arms and legs. SO IT IS REAL BILLY

title: Talk:CSD


text:
Portal:Poland/Selected anniversaries/October

Today is Monday, July 29, 2024; it is now (UTC) ---

--- October 1: --- October 15:
 * 1936: the Polish Navy destroyer ORP Blyskawica was launched in Great Britain
 * 1817: death of Tadeusz Kościuszko a Polish and American general, national hero

---

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brunkard

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 07:38, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Brunkard
Geneaology/etymology of a name; no evidence of further notability. CDC  (talk)  22:24, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete it's an orphan so you can not even try to figure it out. Vegaswikian 06:45, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per outcome of Deletion policy/names and surnames; nothing to the article other than etymology/genealogy. -- BD2412 talk 22:48, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Portal:Poland/Selected anniversaries/November

Today is Monday, July 29, 2024; it is now (UTC) ---

--- November 1: --- Holidays: ---
 * 1893: death of Jan Matejko a Polish painter
 * 2003: death of Henryk Machalica a Polish actor
 * November 11, Independence Day of Poland

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


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Portal:Poland/Selected anniversaries/December

Today is Monday, July 29, 2024; it is now (UTC) ---

--- December 1: --- December 2: --- December 3: ---
 * 1867: birth of Ignacy Mościcki, president of Poland
 * 1941: death of Edward Smigly-Rydz, Marshal of Poland
 * 1857: birth of Joseph Conrad (Józef Teodor Nałęcz Konrad Korzeniowski) Polish-born British novelist
 * 1977: birth of Adam Małysz a Polish ski jumper

December 5: ---
 * 1867: birth of Józef Pilsudski, Marshal of Poland

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


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Category talk:Florida Marlins field personnel

Point of this cat? --Kushboy June 10


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Talk:Antaphrodisiac

This article should be probably renamed and moved to "anaphrodisiac", and set "antaphrodisiac" to be a redirect. "Anaphrodisiac" is defined in more dictionaries, and also returns 10,700 google results instead of 717 for "antaphrodisiac". Note also, for instance, that the spelling without the T is used in the snopes article.--209.108.217.226 22:26, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Noone seems to disagree so I will do this. Alex.g 10:28, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Antaphrodisiac


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Montorfano

Montorfano (English: "orphan hill"; Brianzöö: Muntorfan ) is a town and comune in the province of Como, part of Lombardy, in northern Italy. It is situated about 5 km south of Como, which is at the southern tip of Lake Como, c. 40 km north of Milan. It has about 2,500 inhabitants. The main attractions of Montorfano are its own very small lake and the Circolo Golf Villa d'Este, one of the main Italian golf courses which has hosted twelve Italian Opens.

title: Montorfano


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Swamp Angels

The Swamp Angels were a New York City waterfront street gang during the mid-nineteenth century.

One of the most successful waterfront gangs of the mid-late 19th century, the "Swamp Angels" dominated the dockyards of New York Harbor from the 1850s into the post-Civil War era. The headquarters of the gang was a rookery known as "Gotham Court" on Cherry Street in Lower Manhattan, which gave them access to the sewers under Cherry Street. This allowed the gang to easily raid the East River dockyards and sell off its valuable cargo within hours, before the thefts were discovered the following morning. With the Swamp Angels' success, the New York City Police Department began posting snipers to guard the waterfront. However, when these law enforcement measures did not slow down the Swamp Angels' criminal activities, the police were forced to send teams of officers into the sewers, which resulted in regular battles between the police and the gang members. Eventually, regular police patrols of the sewers forced the gang to halt its use of the underground labyrinth, although the gang continued to hijack cargo ships as they were being unloaded onto the wharfs. The Swamp Angels were less visible after 1860, but continued to operate on the waterfront, according to one source, until eventually they merged with the rival waterfront gangs into the White Hand Gang at the end of the 19th century.

Resources

 * Asbury, Herbert. The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the Underworld. Garden City, NY:  Garden City Publishing Company, 1927.
 * Sifakis, Carl. Encyclopedia of American Crime. New York:  Facts on File Inc., 1982.

title: Swamp Angels


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DeviceLogics

DeviceLogics was a company in Lindon, Utah, USA, founded in November 2002. Originally doing business mostly under the DeviceLogics name, the company was incorporated as DRDOS, Inc. for legal reasons. The DeviceLogics name was later dropped.

Bryan Wayne Sparks co-founded the company, together with Bryce Burns and Troy Tribe, and acquired DR-DOS from the Canopy Group, a Utah technology venture group. Copies of DR-DOS 7.03 have been licensed and distributed by this company. The company's web site went offline in 2018.

History of DR-DOS
In 1994, Bryan W. Sparks, with help from Novell's Raymond John Noorda, founded Caldera, Inc. Caldera bought DR-DOS from Novell in 1996.

title: DeviceLogics