text:
CRDF Global

Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) Global is an independent nonprofit organization that promotes safety, security, and sustainability through science and innovation. CRDF Global was authorized by the U.S. Congress in 1992 under the FREEDOM Support Act and established in 1995 by the National Science Foundation. This unique public-private partnership promotes international scientific and technical collaboration through grants, technical resources, and training. CRDF Global was originally named the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation for the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union (CRDF).

Mission

 * Provide cooperative research and development opportunities that enable scientists and engineers to address critical security, economic, education and other societal needs.
 * Advance peace and prosperity by funding civilian research and development projects that contribute to global nonproliferation objectives.
 * Promote the application of science and technology to economic growth through international partnerships and training that foster invention, innovation, entrepreneurship and the commercialization of technology.
 * Strengthen university research and education in science and engineering.

CRDF Global is based in Arlington, Virginia, and has offices in Kyiv, Ukraine; Almaty, Kazakhstan; and Amman, Jordan.

Between 1995 - 2010, CRDF Global awarded nearly 3,000 grants to more than 13,000 scientists—including 2,500 former weapons researchers—and has committed more than $105 million in total support. In addition to its own funds, CRDF Global has been able to leverage more than $42 million in additional support from foreign governments; as well as cash and in-kind contributions from participating American businesses. In addition to its grantmaking, CRDF Global has a very popular service it provides to organizations seeking to conduct research collaborations abroad, called CRDF Solutions (formerly GAP.) Through this service, CRDF Global has facilitated more than 1,100 individual projects, valued at over $195 million, on behalf of more than 180 business and industry, education and government clients.

History
The Soviet Union employed an estimated 50,000-60,000 nuclear experts, 65,000 bioweapons experts, and 6,000 chemical weapons experts. When the Soviet Union collapsed, many of these once-privileged scientists, engineers, and technicians became unemployed, underemployed, or unpaid. To prevent weapons experts from selling their knowledge to unfriendly states, the US government established or co-established several programs and organizations to provide scientists with civilian employment in their home countries. These "scientist redirection" and "scientist engagement" initiatives include the International Science and Technology Center, the Science and Technology Center in Ukraine, the State Department's Global Threat Reduction programs (formerly Nonproliferation of WMD Expertise), the Department of Energy's Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention and now-defunct Nuclear Cities Initiative, and CRDF.

In the FREEDOM Support Act of 1992, Congress established a "Research and Development Foundation" for the following purposes:

 * 1) To provide productive research and development opportunities within the independent states of the former Soviet Union that offer scientists and engineers alternatives to emigration and help prevent the dissolution of the technological infrastructure of the independent states.
 * 2) To advance defense conversion by funding civilian collaborative research and development projects between scientists and engineers in the United States and in the independent states of the former Soviet Union.
 * 3) To assist in the establishment of a market economy in the independent states of the former Soviet Union by promoting, identifying, and partially funding joint research, development, and demonstration ventures between United States businesses and scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs in those independent states.
 * 4) To provide a mechanism for scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs in the independent states of the former Soviet Union to develop an understanding of commercial business practices by establishing linkages to United States scientists, engineers, and businesses.
 * 5) To provide access for United States businesses to sophisticated new technologies, talented researchers, and potential new markets within the independent states of the former Soviet Union.

The initial funding for the foundation was $5 million from the US Department of Defense and a matching donation from philanthropist George Soros. The National Science Foundation provided $300,000 for start-up activities.

CRDF Global has supported nonproliferation programs in the Departments of Defense, State, and Energy. These programs have frequently chosen to implement projects through CRDF because the foundation has some tax-free privileges, implementing agreements with foreign governments, and less bureaucracy. Typically, CRDF makes payments, imports equipment, and provides project oversight in exchange for a percentage fee.

Beginning in 2003, CRDF Global expanded its activities beyond the former Soviet Union and amended its original purpose to its current mission statement. The organization now works in Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and the FSU. Since its establishment, CRDF has received funding from many US government agencies, along with foreign governments and organizations, and private US organizations such as the Ford Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Board of directors
CRDF Global's Board of Directors is co-chaired by Dr. William Wulf, president emeritus of the National Academy of Engineering, and Ms. Dona L. Crawford, associate director of computation, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The other members of the Board of Directors are: Dr. Jaleh Daie, managing partner of Aurora Equity; Dr. Farouk El-Baz, Research Professor and Director of the Center for Remote Sensing, Boston University; Dr. Howard Frank, professor of management science, University of Maryland, Robert H. Smith School of Business; Mr. Paul Longsworth, vice president of new ventures, Fluor Corporation; Dr. Rodney Nichols, president emeritus of the New York Academy of Sciences; Dr. Gilbert S Omenn, professor of internal medicine, human genetics and public health and director of the Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan; Ms. Elizabeth Rindskopf Parker, dean of the McGeorge School of Law at the University of the Pacific; Dr. Anne C. Petersen, a research professor at the Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan; Dr. Susan Raymond, Executive Vice President for Research, Evaluation and Strategic Planning, Changing Our World; Caroline S. Wagner, John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University, and Dr. Hassan Virji, Executive Director, Global Change System for Analysis, Research and Training.

Advisory Council
CRDF Global's Advisory Council is chaired by Ambassador Thomas R. Pickering, senior vice president of international relations (retired), The Boeing Company and vice chairman of Hills & Co. Other Advisory Council members are: Mr. Nils Bruzelius, Executive Editor and Vice-President for Publications, Environmental Working Group; Dr. Gail H. Cassell, Vice President of scientific affairs and distinguished research scholar for infectious diseases, Eli Lilly and Company; Mr. Vinton G. Cerf, vice president and chief Internet evangelist, Google; Ambassador James Franklin Collins, director and senior associate and diplomat in residence, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Dr. Rita Colwell, Chairman and President of CosmosID; Dr. Loren R. Graham, professor of history and science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Dr. William V. Harris, president and CEO of the Science Foundation Arizona; Dr. Siegfried S. Hecker, senior fellow and former director of Los Alamos National Laboratory; Dr. Najmedin Meshkati, Professor of Civil/Environmental Engineering and Professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California; Dr. Richard A. Murphy, former president and CEO of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies; and Dr. Peter H. Raven, director of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

President & Chief Executive Officer
CRDF Global's current leader is Michael A. Dignam. From 2011-2014, Mr. Dignam served as President and CEO of PAE, an Arlington, VA-based services and logistics company.

Previous President & CEO was Cathleen Campbell, who held that post 2006-2016. Prior to the CEO position, Ms. Campbell served as VP of Programs and then Senior VP at CRDF Global. Prior to joining CRDF Global, Ms. Campbell served from 1998 to 2002 as director of the Office of International Policy and Programs in the Technology Administration of the Department of Commerce, as well as executive director of the U.S.-Israel Science and Technology Commission. From 1995 to 1997, she was a senior policy analyst in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). Campbell was the U.S. State Department's program officer for Soviet/Russia science and technology affairs from 1989 to 1994.

George Brown Award for International Scientific Cooperation
Each year, CRDF Global presents the George Brown Award for International Scientific Cooperation to recognize the late Rep. George E. Brown Jr.'s vision for international research cooperation, and his important role in the efforts leading to CRDF Global's creation. The award is presented to an individual for his or her critical work in advancing international cooperation in science and technology. The award was first presented in 2005 to mark CRDF Global's tenth anniversary.

The George Brown Award is open to any individual in the policy, business, science, research, or technology community who has contributed substantially to advancing international science and technology cooperation. In 2012, CRDF Global recognized three individuals for their scientific and humanitarian achievements: Mr. William Draper, III, General Partner of Draper Richards L.P and Co-Chairman of the Draper Richards Kaplan Foundation; Dr. David A. Hamburg, President Emeritus at Carnegie Corporation of New York, former president of AAAS and the Institute of Medicine; and Dr. Charles M. Vest, President of the National Academy of Engineering and President Emeritus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Past winners include Dr. Bruce Alberts; Dr. Craig Barrett; the late Dr. Norman Borlaug; Dr. Rita R. Colwell; U.S. Senator Richard Lugar (R-IN); Dr. Yuri Osipyan; Dr. John "Jack" Gibbons; Dr. King K. Holmes; Dr. Zafra M. Lerman; Dr. Brian Tucker; Dr. E. Daniel Hirleman; and Ambassador Thomas R. Pickering.

title: CRDF Global


text:
Talk:Kelly Monaco

Height
Kelly has stated on her official website board that she is 5'1" I think she knows how tall she is.

See http://abc.go.com/primetime/dancing/bios/kelly_monaco.html Playboy measurements are often inflated. Here is the most recent listing of her height. PS Cant we get a better picture here?

 * Do you have any evidence to support your statement that Playboy “inflates” their height measurements? And in any case why would Playboy want to do that? If you can find a better picture please do change it, but it is difficult to find images which are free from copyright. Screenshots are not the best solution but they are fair use. Jester2001 19:02, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Just what I've heard. Why, you ask?  Because many of the girls are so short in statute that their measurements don't ofetn fall in the mid-30s like most men equate with being the ideal size. Also, see the link I provided and you will see the most recent listing of her height.  Didn't know it was that difficult to get pics, sorry.
 * Doing a quick search for “Kelly Monaco height” on Google produced the following links which all give a height of 5' 3":
 * http://www.soapcentral.com/gh/theactors/monaco.php
 * http://kelly-monaco.net/facts.php
 * http://www.playboy.com/playmates/directory/199704.html
 * And the official datasheet from Playboy also says 5' 3" so I think we should stick with this figure as there is more evidence that it is correct. Welcome to Wikipedia by the way! But you might want to create a proper account though, so we can welcome you properly... :-) Jester2001 19:23, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Who am I to doubt Hef?
 * I'm reminded of what one comical writer said about Mary Lou Retton, the shrimp of a gymnast who won Olympic Gold for the U.S. a couple of decades ago: "Her life-size photo now appears on boxes of Wheaties".  Nonetheless, Kelly's a cutie, even she did win the dance contest questionably.  Let's see a show of hands of everyone who would gladly stuff her "ballot box". >:)

Appropriateness
Does anyone else think this article should focus more on her post Playboy Work ? I don't see any playmate template on Pamela Anderson's page. Perhaps a screencap from the opening of General Hospital would be better than a playboy screenshot ? Dowew 04:29, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I think any information about Kelly Monaco, whether it be related to Playboy, General Hospital, or anything else should be included as long as it is relevant or interesting. A screenshot from General Hospital would be great if you could find or take one. Jester2001 20:52, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * There, done. Mike H (Talking is hot) July 7, 2005 13:27 (UTC)

I am sure Kelly would rather this site focused on her current acting career. Kelly's modeling days were many years ago and since then she has went on to be a very successful actress.

 * The site is suppose to be informative, not designed to make Kelly Happy. Please return the links to the Plamates and references to Playboy.

 * I agree. Although she's moved on, an encyclopedia of this scale, IMO, should contain the information of her entire career.  I'll work around similar to what's on Pamela Anderson (Playmate template, and draft a little bit of information back into the article--wasn't there Playboy referencing in the article previously?). Mike Tigas 05:31, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay. Returned a lot of information from previous edits.  Now, to save face, I'm considering a paragraph at the end of the "Modeling" section such as something mentioning her distancing herself from Playboy and her appearances (intentionally or unintentionally.  A source (such as her site or an interview) would be great. I think this would strike a good enough compromise (include the Playboy information but also note her distancing self from it) if we could get a source for it.  Mike Tigas 05:46, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Pictures and Text
I just made a change because the way the pics were set up, theer was only about 3-4 words per line in her bio. I thought it was difficult to read so I moved the pics, one under the other. Now we are faced with the issue of the PLayboy text box which leaves a huge gap between paragraphs in her bio. Should we remove the Playboy text box? AriGold 14:12, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Other picture
Next month when I get back to school, I'll make sure to get a General Hospital screenshot that shows "what she looks like," so the bra and panties cover can go. Mike H (Talking is hot) 15:52, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * My opinion on the "bra and panties cover": She started her career as a model. She still models, as evidenced by the FHM cover. She is an actress on a soap opera, a medium known most for it's pretty faces.  The cover of FHM shows her basically for what she is.  There is a reason her costumes on Dancing With the Stars were the most revealing of any female dancers.  She is known for her looks.  Let's not try to peg her as the next Meryl Streep or something, there is nothing wrong with the FHM cover, it's a part of her career.  It's a good picture of her.  I looked long and hard to find something that did her justice and if you find a screenshot that is not as clear or does not do her as much justice as the FHM cover, I will revert it (I am only being honest). AriGold 13:13, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with AriGold, the FHM cover is an excellent picture (as is the screenshot from General Hospital). I think we should keep them both. Jester2001 19:22, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thirding the above. She's every bit as known to what's looking like one set of her fans as the other; it seems silly to pretend that her nude or lingerie modelling never happened when it's such an integral part of her career.  Of course, Playboy fans are likewise thrilled that she's found mainstream success on GH and I think we're glad to see it represented so well by this article. HipsterDad 21:46, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I saw that BlueStar removed the FHM pic and added two GH pics. I put the FHM pic back up, as it has been clear so far that the consensus likes that pic and agrees it should be up, and I removed 1 of the GH pics.  Now there is one of her modeling, how she got her start and what she still does, and one of her on tv, the career she is currently pursuing.  Decent compromise? AriGold 12:27, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This is a good compromise but can we use Image:Kelly_monaco_and_steve_burton_15.jpg instead of the current one from General Hospital as its a lot brighter? Jester2001 22:35, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with, and like, your change. AriGold 12:24, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Her website does not list her Playboy experience in her bio at all, which suggests that she at least partially regrets doing it, which suggests that the heavy visual emphasis on it in this article (the box, the stupid listing of every time her photo ran in some Playboy compilation) is misplaced. I vote for minimizing the Playboy info, putting a GH picture at the top, and making the FHM picture smaller and further down.  If you keep the Playboy special issue list, you should also add a list of every episode of Port Charles and GH that she appeared in, as that's more notable!   Wasted Time R 02:23, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * "Her website does not list her Playboy experience in her bio at all, which suggests that she at least partially regrets doing it" That's a pretty bold assumption.  I say keep the FHM picture at the top.  It's the best picture of a woman who is a MODEL/actress. AriGold 12:21, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Adding to what AriGold said, it is beside the point whether Kelly has any regrets about posing in Playboy. The aim of an encyclopaedia is to be unbiased and factual. Jester2001 18:32, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not objecting to the mention of Playboy but rather than the emphasis given to it. Between the text line, the box, and the special issues list, it takes up at least half of the non-image space in the article.  Doesn't that seem out of proportion given her other accomplishments?  I surrender on the FHM cover, you guys are clearly wedded to it.   Wasted Time R 19:14, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

shez a baybe no doubt but shez no D, whered u get that from ? look at the pix. C on a good day. where r the playm8 pix? those are the 1s to uze heh
 * Decide for yourself (NSFW)

http://www.tuttotope.net/Immagini_big/Kelly%20Monaco/12.jpg http://www.tuttotope.net/Immagini_big/Kelly%20Monaco/03.jpg http://www.tuttotope.net/Immagini_big/Kelly%20Monaco/18.jpg

dunno wha happend but she dont look like that no more heh

Infobox
Get off the playboy emphasis if this site wants to have any credibility then it should focus on her career as an actress not juvenille boys dreams

I think the infobox should be kept so that the article is consistent with the other Playmate articles. Jester2001 19:36, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks good. I discussed why I made the changes above ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kelly_Monaco#Pictures_and_Text ) but I think it looks fine now. AriGold 19:46, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I think this article is probably the best article about Kelly Monaco on the web at the moment! Jester2001 19:52, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I would have to agree with you. Though reverting the pictures every two or three days because some people, despite popular opinion here, don't like her FHM pic is getting tiresome. AriGold 14:48, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

By my count there are three editors in favor of the prominent FHM photo-and-infobox (AriGold, Jester2001, HipsterDad) and four editors against it (Dowew, Mike Halterman, Blue Star, Wasted Time R). So what kind of consensus is that? Wasted Time R 16:44, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * For the record, I don't care if the infobox is there. I don't think that FHM cover should be so prominent. She is an actress now. Not so much jackoff fodder. Mike H (Talking is hot) 17:15, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * This has nothing to do with making the FHM cover prominent. The reason I support the FHM cover is that it is the best quality picture which we have at the moment and which can be used fairly. The problem with the screenshots (other than the one which is already in the article) is that they are very dark and low in resolution. AriGold and BlueStar both went to a lot of trouble to find the images which are in the article now and I think they are the best we have so far.

 * Remember also that Wikipedia_is_not_a_democracy, voting is only one means to reaching a consensus but the primary means of reaching a decision is through discussion. Jester2001 19:56, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * If photo quality is really the issue, then crop the FHM image down to a head-and-shoulders shot and use that.  Wasted Time R 20:08, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * What is your problem with showing a MODEL/actress'es body? It's a part of who she is. Being on the cover of a magazine, and in it, is a large part of her career. There is no reason to hide that. AriGold 20:18, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Right now, she is primarily an actress, secondarily a reality TV star, and only third a model. Having the large FHM photo start off the article is therefore unrepresentative.  Having it be smaller and later in the article would be OK with me.  Same argument applies to the Playboy infobox - it doesn't belong at the top, but rather as an "appendix", meaning a section at the end.  I don't think the list of subsequent Playboy appearances belongs at all, unless you're also willing to exhaustively list every TV appearance she's ever had.   Wasted Time R 20:24, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * She still models, that is a fact. In the entertainment world, it's not like having one job title or pay grade, you can be a model and actress (see Will Smith for another example of an entertainer in two prominent fields). Modeling was first put her in the spotlight, she still does it today. Therefore having a modeling picture that shows off her best assets (if you disagree you didnt see any of her costumes on Dancing with the Stars) is perfectly representative of Ms. Monaco. It's the best pictire of her, and it shows a LARGE aspect of her career. AriGold 20:30, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, how about we swap the positions of the pictures, like now? Jester2001 20:38, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I went back to your earlier version, Jester. I can't see making the picture where her face is half-lit and you can see only about a third of her, into the most prominent picture. If you disagree, Jester, I will bow out at this point, you had a good thing going here and I started to help, but now the bickering is annoying, so I will go with whatever you think, but I wanted to toss my two cents in first. AriGold 20:42, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I remember that you posted this image about a month ago but we decided not to use it. What we could do is upload the image and mark it as fair use since it seems legitimate to do so. We could also write an email to the people at and ask if can we use the image in Wikipedia. Do you think it's worth a shot? Does anybody have any objections? Jester2001 21:04, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, as there seem to be no objections, I've uploaded the above image with some minor modifications and tagged it as fair use. I've also moved the FHM cover down a little bit, made it slightly smaller and changed the position of the General Hospital picture. I hope this will satisfy everybody. Jester2001 21:05, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Pictures all look cool, I just don't like the whole having three words per line effect we get by putting a pic on both sides of the screen, you know? What if we ditch the Dancing pic and put the GH pic where it was? AriGold 21:15, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with you. Four pictures are probably too much anyway. Jester2001 21:21, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Tell you what, 13 colons are certainly enough, ha. I made a couple of changes.  I put the FHM with the PLayboy stuff, since it's all modeling, changed the size of the pic to about the size of the Playboy section.  Then moved the GH pic right under the stats.  Opinions? AriGold 21:23, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How many colons until the comments look Chinese? I like the new pics much better, the FHM cover is not flattering. She's mighty diminutive, too. She is, as Groucho Marx used to say, well over 4 feet tall. Wahkeenah 21:51, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Phew, 15 colons! I'm glad we finally got the pictures sorted out. :-) Jester2001 18:03, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You could lose the FHM cover. She looks much cuter in the other photos. Wahkeenah 23:10, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I actually just noticed that the FHM cover is advertising a girls of daytime TV feature. I'm not sure why, but I'm amused that Playmate Nikki Schieler Ziering was in the same pictorial and had her own cover that month.  Would anybody, he asked with a giggle, like to upload that to Nikki's Wiki page and see if her soap opera fans object? HipsterDad 00:02, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Nikki didn't do a soap opera. She was a "Barker's Beauty" on The Price is Right, and was that last line about the soap fans a snide dig? Mike H (Talking is hot) 19:20, August 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * The 2001 lingerie special features "25 pages of daytime TV hotties", including 4 collectors edition covers featuring Kelly Monaco ("Port Charles"), Nikki Ziering ("The Price is Right"), Sharon Case ("Young and the Restless"), and Adriana Catano ("Secreto de Amor"). AriGold 20:18, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Tone
Some of this, especially the beginning, sounds like it was written by kelly's publicist.

Cleanup
Please stop putting all the Playboy emphasis on Kelly in her article here. She is an Emmy nominated actress and has long since left her modeling days behind. If you are a fan of hers please let her article focus on her acting career.

Kelly did not authorize Playboy to run any photos after her DWTS appearances. The photos were old pictures that Playboy ran when Kelly refused to pose for them again.

The article needs to be rewritten objectively and authoritatively, and it needs to be properly wikified with headings, links, and other standards. P Cooper-McCann 05:30, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

 * You were looking at a rather crappy version, which some new accounts insist on putting in. It's basically a carbon copy of some interview she did. I reverted back to a better version. Mike H. That's hot 08:00, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

AllKellyMonaco said: "Please stop putting all the Playboy emphasis on Kelly in her article here."
 * She began her career as a PLayboy Playmate, there is no emphasis on that, it is just a fact.

AllKellyMonaco said: "She is an Emmy nominated actress and has long since left her modeling days behind."
 * No, she hasn't, she just appeared in Maxim in September of '05.

AllKellyMonaco said: "If you are a fan of hers please let her article focus on her acting career."
 * This isn't a fan site, it's wikipedia, it's an encyclopedia and many people have worked long and hard on this article to get the FACTS straight. AriGold 15:32, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

I have my facts straight but your article Mr Gold is not accurate. You are focusing on Kelly's career several years ago and not on her current successes. I understand perhaps the Playboy aspect titilates some people but to say this article you keep reposting is accurate and suitable for any reference source is ridiculous. Reference material is suppose to be up to date and this article is not. You had nothing about her recent Daytime Emmy Nomination for Lead Actress in it nor her work on the History Channel's Boys and Their Toys series. Most of this article was copied from Playboy's database. Kelly posed for Maxim as a celebrity not a model. Kelly also turned down Playboy's offer to pose after DWTS and they instead chose to print old photos of Kelly they already had. If you want anyone who has a clue about Kelly's career to take this article seriously then someone who has knowledge of her whole career should be writing it not someone who is stuck on her former modeling career. This type of article is why Wikipedia has lost alot of it's credibility.
 * Understood, and please, call me Ari. ;-)  You make some very compelling points, but your version removed all references to what began her career in the entertainment industry, her modeling, specificaly her posing in Playboy.  So, whereas you claim that others are not being objective, it appears, on its face, that you are guilty of the same actions by tryig to slant it entirely away from the fact that she was, and still is, a model. You had her biography go straight from her childhood to her being on Baywatch.  You missed a pretty big milestone in her career there.  The same one that has made many a girl a "celebrity".  I could see getting rid of the bibliography-type section that details every magazine she has been in, but removing everything that has to do with Playboy is extreme. AriGold 22:04, 13 February 2006 (UTC)
 * PS Sign your messages here with ~ (it will automatically enter your time and name) so people know who wrote what and when. AriGold 22:13, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

All Kelly Monaco Says is it possible to lose the long Playboy Edition section and replace it with a filmography for Kelly. A filmography would be much better in a referece source than a playboy section. Alot of Kelly's career is not cited here like her Days as a Hard Copy and MTV corespondent, the fact she appeared in two music videos and her guest role on Spin City. If you want this article to really be a good reference source and it be taken seriously then it has to include someone researching her whole career. Seeing as even though this is an open source document some of you have appointed yourselves as editors one of you should take some time and write a really good article on Kelly and her career. Thank you for making some of the changes already to the article it is appreciated.
 * Again, just sign your messages with ~, it will sign it automatically for you. I would say don't lose the Playboy bibliography section, as many other playmates have it, and it's a good source of info.  I just added a filography and tv works section. AriGold 14:45, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

Ari I am adding two links to sites for Kelly that are considered good sites for info and photos and news about Kelly right after her Official page. These two sites All Kelly Monaco and Kelly Monaco Web Site have both been around for years now and both have very good info on Kelly and her career. Both of these sites are considered to be the two top sites after Kelly's Official Page. Please do not remove them. Thanks and Thanks for making the adjustments to the article.
 * Good stuff, I took off the official discussion board link, as you can get to it through a the link already provided, her official site link. And I took down the celebrity"something".com link, as it looks like they just mirrored our articles text and the pictures on that site can be found at the other pages we have listed.  Thanks for helping out.  (Again, sign your messages with ~, it will sign your messages automatically for you, just trying tp help you out.) AriGold 16:15, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

Sorry about that hope I get it right this time. Thanks for the updates ~
 * Ha, close! Just use the ~ symbol four times in a row, you dont need the stuff around it. I just did that so you could read it.  AriGold 16:20, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

Removal of two copyrighted sections
Hello editors, I've removed two sections from the article, "Early life" and "Modeling". The content within those sections has been taken directly from. The content of that site has not been released under the GNU Free Documentation License, and therefore, cannot be used on Wikipedia.

You may re-write the sections, but please do not take content directly from other websites. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me via email, or on my talk page. Cheers. -- light darkness (talk) 00:12, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Removal of Playboy sections
24.50.117.13 has removed mentions of Playboy, with the description "removing pornographic links". The sections removed in the latest edit are not even links, but rather simply a filmography and bibliography. I believe these sections are valid, as per other articles featuring Playmates (former or current). Any convincing argument as to why this information should not be included would be nice. IMO, this is an encyclopedia and therefore the fact that she distances herself from prior work does not count as a valid reason to remove information. Mike Tigas 22:58, 27 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Reference materials do not include pornography. This is the type of thing that makes Wikipedia a joke in the academic world. There is no need to list these in the article as Ms. Monaco's body of work as an actress outweighs this short period of her career. It is not pertinant. It would be most appreciated if you would stop putting them in her article. User:MonacoInfo
 * The bottom line is that Monaco did appear in Playboy, and her career would not be where it is today without it. We shouldn't "whitewash" factual information in biographical articles in order to make them more favorable to the subjects. -- MisterHand 17:39, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

Her Name
It's interesting that her name is sort of a double tribute to another actress from Philadelphia. Particularly since it's her real, original name. -- Cranston Lamont 23:06, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

Picture
I deleted the copyrighted playboy picture

Fair use rationale for Image:Kelly monaco 13.jpg
Image:Kelly monaco 13.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 15:32, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Official DATE OF Birth
I went to High School with Kelly and we both graudated in 1993 not 1994. I was born in April of 1975 and she was born in May. In most cases, a lot of Actors say that there a year younger to appeal more. When Kelly did a interview with CW Radio last month, she confirmed that she was 32. According to IMDB, she was born in 1975. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.163.198.63 (talk) 00:47, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

Lesbian?
Discussion please. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.143.107.36 (talk) 00:27, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

Use of Kelly Monaco Image from Sam_McCall
Last night I included an image on this page that has been in use for quite some time on this article: Sam_McCall. The file is Sam_McCall. As best I can tell, there have been a number of debates regarding image inclusion since at least 2005 regarding issues ranging from using a Monaco picture from General Hospital vs. a Maxim cover photo to fair use of a number of images. This morning, my change was reverted by Dismas with a note placed on my talk page saying the change I made violated fair use rationale. While the image in question may in fact violate fair use, I did not upload the image so I do not know if that is the case. If it does, then we should likely remove it from both Sam_McCall and Kelly_Monaco. If we are in violation of fair use by using the image for the actress, its doubtful that the fair use rationale works for the character and for the same reasons that Dismas brings up below - we could use an image from a press conference or convention appearance because the actress is alive and the show still in production, etc. At the very least, the editors previously involved with this discussion should be provided with an opportunity to respond, because this has been an ongoing issue for almost a decade, and for some reason that I do not find noted here, prior to my change last night there were no images on this page. I am reproducing the conversation with Dismas below from my talk page. Thanks. Jay Dubya (talk) 17:38, 24 March 2014 (UTC)

 * I've reverted your edit to the Kelly Monaco article. Non-free files, such as pictures of actors playing parts in television shows and movies, can only be used if no free images are available or could be made.  See WP:NFCC.  Since Monaco is still alive, a free file could still be found or made.  Additionally, the image page must have a rationale for using that specific non-free file on each specific article in which it is used.  Dismas |(talk) 13:57, 24 March 2014 (UTC)
 * I didn't upload the file you're referring to. Its already in use, and has been in use for roughly 9 years on both Kelly Monaco and Sam_McCall. See, for example, Talk:Kelly_Monaco#Infobox and Talk:Kelly_Monaco#Other_picture. Theres a long-standing convo and consensus about using this image. I am going to reinstate the photo one more time and ask that you request consensus from the community before removing it again, because in order for your argument to make sense you need to remove the image from both articles. What I'm saying is you my in fact be right, but this image has been in place on Wikipedia for almost a decade and its inclusion involved a larger discussion that other editors deserve an opportunity to involve themselves in. Jay Dubya (talk) 17:30, 24 March 2014 (UTC)

 * UPDATE I have contacted these users for input on the issue, AFAICT they were involved with if not original attribution and approval, very close to it and might have more information than I do.

User:Dbiel User:AriGold User:Mike_Halterman User:Jester2001 Jay Dubya (talk) 18:02, 24 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Just a note. Most of those editors haven't made an edit since 2013. One not since 2006. Dismas |(talk) 18:42, 24 March 2014 (UTC)

 * I've removed the image once more. I was going to include an edit summary but hit the wrong button and it went through without one.  What I would have said though is that I know I am right in that we cannot use that image on this article and was reverting for that reason and also WP:BRD.
 * The image can be used on the Sam McCall article because A) the photo is of that character and B) the image page has a fair use rationale for using it on that article. It cannot be used here because of the reasons I stated.  If we could simply use an image of an actor/actress from one of their numerous roles on the actor's article, every single actor's article would have an image.  As you can see, that is not the case.
 * If you would like to gain consensus, that's fine. But we should do so without the image on the page.  For convenience sake, here is a link to the image in question: File:Kelly Monaco as Sam.png.
 * It should also be noted that while the image for the page has been discussed since as far back as 2005, the guidelines and policies here at Wikipedia have been changing since before that. The current rules are what we need to heed at this time.  Dismas |(talk) 18:12, 24 March 2014 (UTC)
 * As Dismas indicates, guidelines & policies are have been in flux ever since Wikipedia was founded but we have to go by what they are now. Per NFCC1: "Non-free content is used only where no free equivalent is available, or could be created, that would serve the same encyclopedic purpose." (emphasis in there mine) We are dealing with two very different figures here: Sam McCall the fictional character, and Kelly Monaco the living person. Can we reasonably expect a free-use image to be made of Sam McCall? No, because she is fictional and copyrighted with the copyright likely held by Selmur Productions. In fact any photo created illustrating the character Sam McCall might well be a violation of Selmur's copyrights. So by definition, any image of Sam McCall has to be fair-use.
 * Now, compare that the Kelly Monaco the living person. Could a free-use image to be made of her? In this case it is possible though one has not yet been created that we know of. As a result, we can only use free-use images on her article. Tabercil (talk) 00:22, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120505210812/http://www.maxim.com/maximtv/kelly-monacos-maxim-cover-shoot to http://www.maxim.com/maximtv/kelly-monacos-maxim-cover-shoot
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Kelly Monaco


text:
Andy Cunningham (actor)

Andrew Cunningham (13 May 1950 – 5 June 2017) was an English actor, puppeteer, ventriloquist and writer. He was best known as the creator and main writer of the children's BBC television series, Bodger & Badger, in which he acted as the likeable but accident-prone Simon Bodger and his pet, Badger.

Personal life
Cunningham studied at the University of Cambridge, where he read English. He dropped out of this course at the end of the second of its three years, citing academic pressures as the reason for doing so, but later completed his degree at the University of Reading. By the mid-1990s, he was in a long-term relationship with co-star Jane Bassett who played Millie the Milkwoman and voiced Mousey in Bodger & Badger. They later separated but remained good friends. He also had a daughter, Phoebe, from a previous relationship.

Career
Before entering the acting profession and entertainment industry, he was an English teacher, then a social worker.

After a while Andy began to explore magic conventions and it was at one in Brighton where - after spending a considerable amount of time having trouble getting past the doorman - he ordered by mail order a puppet called "Benji the Adorable Puppy" (which he named "China" after the Cockney slang "china plate", meaning "mate" - later to be used as China the Dog in Bodger and Badger). When this puppet arrived, he found himself being able to operate the puppet dog naturally and was able to ad-lib routines and comments in a way that he wasn't comfortable with doing with the ventriloquist's doll (which he named Douglas). Soon after, he gave up his day job to turn this hobby into a full-time job, alongside his work with the Covent Garden Community Theatre (with whom he held various positions, including acting). It was while working as a director here that he gave comedian Julian Clary his first big break.

Another act he developed was of a three-headed man named "Freeman, Hardy and Willis".

By the early 1980s, Andy had a regular income to supplement his magician and Community Theatre Group work as a handyman at a West London school, a job to which he admitted himself that he was entirely unsuited.

In 1986, Andy wrote a children's book featuring Mr Bodger and Magritte the rat entitled "Mr Bodger's Jumping Hat". Also during this time, Roland Rat became popular on TV-am's breakfast television ITV franchise and many people in London who knew Andy because of his work with Magritte either began thinking that Andy had stolen the idea of a badly-behaved talking rat puppet from Roland Rat or confused Magritte with Roland, thinking Andy was Roland's puppeteer. It was also during this period when Andy made his only (uncredited) big-screen film performances in Star Wars: Return of the Jedi.

Death
Cunningham died of duodenal cancer on 5 June 2017 at Royal Sussex County Hospital with his former partner and his family around him. He didn't regain consciousness after undergoing emergency stomach surgery, related to his cancer.

title: Andy Cunningham (actor)


text:
User talk:Riffraf

Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  18:34, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of The Boom (American band)

A tag has been placed on The Boom (American band) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a band or musician, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. ▫  Johnny Mr Nin ja  20:31, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of The Boom (band) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article The Boom (band) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/The Boom (band) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. ▫  Johnny Mr Nin ja  20:51, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Riffraf


text:
User talk:Danny Cockroach

Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  18:34, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Danny Cockroach


text:
Provisioning

Provisioning may refer to:

 * Provisioning (technology), the equipping of a telecommunications network or IT resources
 * Provisioning (cruise ship), supplying a vessel for an extended voyage
 * Provisioning of USS Constitution
 * Provisioning, forms of parental behavior in ethology and entomology
 * Mass provisioning, in which an adult insect stocks all the food for each of her offspring in a small chamber
 * Progressive provisioning, in which an adult feeds its larvae directly after they have hatched

title: Provisioning


text:
Ruth Millikan

Ruth Garrett Millikan (born 1933) is a leading American philosopher of biology, psychology, and language. Millikan has spent most of her career at the University of Connecticut, where she is now professor emerita of Philosophy.

Education and career
Millikan earned her BA from Oberlin College in 1955. At Yale University she studied under Wilfrid Sellars. Although W. Sellars left for the University of Pittsburgh midway through Millikan's doctorate, she stayed at Yale and earned her PhD in 1969. She and Paul Churchland are often considered leading proponents of "right wing" (i.e., who emphasize Sellars's scientific realism) Sellarsianism.

Millikan taught half-time at Berea College from 1969 to 1972, Two-thirds time at Western Michigan University from 1972 to 1973, half-time at the University of Michigan from 1993 to 1996, but otherwise spent her entire career at the University of Connecticut, where she is now professor emerita. She is married to American psychologist and cognitive scientist Donald Shankweiler.

She was awarded the Jean Nicod Prize and gave the Jean Nicod Lectures in Paris in 2002. She was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2014. In 2017, she received both the Nicholas Rescher Prize for Systematic Philosophy from the University of Pittsburgh and the Rolf Schock Prize in Logic and Philosophy.

Philosophical work
Millikan is most famous for the view which, in her 1989 paper of the same name, she refers to as "biosemantics". Biosemantics is a theory about something philosophers often refer to as "intentionality". Intentionality is the phenomenon of things being 'about' other things, paradigm cases being thoughts and sentences. A belief of mine that you will do my chores for me, for example, is about you and about my chores. The same is true of a corresponding desire, intention or spoken or written command.

In general, the goal of a theory of intentionality is to explain the phenomenon – things being 'about' other things – in other, more informative, terms. Such a theory aims to give an account of what this 'aboutness' consists in. Just as chemistry offers the claim "Water is H2O" as a theory of what water consists in, so biosemantics aims for a constitutive account of intentionality. Such an account, Millikan stresses, must deal adequately with such hallmarks of mentality as error, confusion, and what looks like standing in a relation (the 'aboutness' relation) to something that doesn't exist. For example: one 'sees' the stick is bent, but realizes otherwise after pulling it from the water; the inexperienced prospector thinks he's struck it rich, but he's holding a lump of pyrite ("fool's gold"); the field marshal thinks about the next day's battle, the child wants to ride a unicorn, and the phrase "the greatest prime" is somehow 'about' a number that cannot possibly exist (there's a simple proof for this).

As the name hints, Millikan's theory explains intentionality in terms that are broadly 'biological' or teleological. Specifically, she explains intentionality using the explanatory resources of natural selection: what thoughts and sentences and desires are 'about' is ultimately elucidated by reference to what has been selected and what it has been selected for (i.e., what advantage it conferred on ancestors who possessed it). Where this selection is non-intentional, then what it is for is its 'proper function'.

Equally important is what might be called the co-evolution of producer-mechanisms and consumer-mechanisms. Millikan refers to the intertwined selection histories of these mechanisms to explain the hallmarks of mentality and to offer a wide range of positions on various matters of dispute in the philosophy of mind and language.

In her article "Naturalist Reflections on Knowledge", Millikan defends the position that the justification of true beliefs through an explanation in accordance with evolution constitutes knowledge.

Books

 * (1984) Language, Thought and Other Biological Categories (ISBN 978-0262631150)
 * (1993) White Queen Psychology and Other Essays for Alice (ISBN 978-0262631624)
 * (2000) On Clear and Confused Ideas pdf (ISBN 978-0521625531)
 * (2004) Varieties of Meaning: The 2002 Jean Nicod Lectures pdf (ISBN 978-0262633420)
 * (2005) Language: A Biological Model pdf (ISBN 978-0199284771)
 * (2012) Biosemantik Sprachphilosophische Aufsätze, six essays with a foreword, translated by Alex Burri, Surkamp Verlag (ISBN 9783518295793)
 * (2017) Beyond Concepts: Unicepts, Language, and Natural Information (ISBN 978-0198717195)

Note: the 1993, 2005 and 2012 books are collections of papers.

Other works
Millikan has also published many articles, many of which are listed and available here.

title: Ruth Millikan


text:
Talk:Hermit's Cave

Closed deletion listing
This article was listed for deletion on 26 May, 2005. The discussion was closed with the result of keep. This article will not be deleted. You can view the discussion, which is no longer live: Votes_for_deletion/Hermit's Cave. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 18:36, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This was well known
I lived a short walk form there when I was young. I can't verify any names or dates, but that's what everyone called it, and they said a hermit used to live there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.206.48.6 (talk • contribs)

Heritage listing section
The heritage section appears to need work/editing -- overly detailed and may be copy-pasted from elsewhere? Hanne Thato (talk) 20:45, 16 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hermit's Cave


text:
Lule Sámi

Lule Sámi (Julevsámegiella, Lulesamisk, Lulesamiska) is a Uralic, Sámi language spoken around the Lule River, Sweden, and in the northern parts of Nordland county in Norway, especially the Hamarøy (formerly Tysfjord) municipality, where Lule Sámi is an official language. It is written in the Latin script, having an official alphabet.

History
The language was originally only spoken around the Lule River, in Sweden. During the 18th century some Sámi migrated to Nordland in Norway, and their descendants still live in Norway, and speak Lule Sámi. The first book written in Lule Sámi, Hålaitattem Ristagasa ja Satte almatja kaskan, was published in 1839 by Lars Levi Læstadius.

Status
With 650 speakers, it is the second largest of all Sámi languages. It is reported that the number of native speakers is in sharp decline among the younger generations. The language has, however, been standardised in 1983 and elaborately cultivated ever since.

Consonants
Some analyses of Lule Sámi phonology may include preaspirated stops and affricates and pre-stopped or pre-glottalised nasals (voiceless, , ,  and voiced , , , ). However, these can be treated as clusters for the purpose of phonology, since they are clearly composed of two segments and only the first of these lengthens in quantity 3. The terms "preaspirated" and "pre-stopped" will be used in this article to describe these combinations for convenience.

 * Stops before a homorganic nasal (pre-stopped nasals) are realised as unreleased stops.
 * is realised as a labiodental fricative in the syllable onset (before a vowel), and as bilabial  in the syllable coda (in a consonant cluster).

Vowels
Lule Sámi possesses the following vowels:

 * can be realised as a true diphthong, or a long monophthong.
 * Long and the diphthongs  and  occur only in stressed syllables.
 * Long and  are very rare, as is short . They also only occur in stressed syllables.
 * Short and long  can occur in unstressed syllables, but only when a preceding stressed syllable contains.

Consonant length and gradation
Consonants, including clusters, that occur after a stressed syllable can occur in multiple distinctive length types, or quantities. These are conventionally labelled quantity 1, 2 and 3 or Q1, Q2 and Q3 for short. The consonants of a word alternate in a process known as consonant gradation, where consonants appear in different quantities depending on the specific grammatical form. Normally, one of the possibilities is named the strong grade, while the other is named weak grade. The consonants of a weak grade are normally quantity 1 or 2, while the consonants of a strong grade are normally quantity 2 or 3.

 * Quantity 1 includes any single consonant. It originates from Proto-Samic single consonants in the weak grade.
 * Quantity 2 includes any combination of consonants (including two of the same) with a short consonant in the coda of the preceding syllable. It originates from Proto-Samic single consonants in the strong grade, as well as combinations of two consonants in the weak grade.
 * Quantity 3 includes any combination of consonants (including two of the same) with a long consonant in the coda of the preceding syllable. It originates from Proto-Samic combinations of two consonants in the strong grade.

Throughout this article and related articles, consonants that are part of different syllables are written with two consonant letters in IPA, while the lengthening of consonants in quantity 3 is indicated with an IPA length mark.

Not all consonants can occur in every quantity type. The following limitations exist:
 * Single is restricted to quantity 1, and does not alternate.
 * Single is also restricted to quantity 1, but alternates with.
 * Voiced stops and affricates only occur in quantity 3, except for which can also occur in quantity 2.
 * occurs in quantity 2 and 3, but not in quantity 1.

When a consonant can occur in all three quantities, quantity 3 is termed "overlong".

Umlaut
Umlaut is a process whereby a diphthong in a stressed syllable changes depending on the vowel in the next syllable.

The first type of umlaut causes an alternation between and  in words whose stems end with unstressed. For such words, these two diphthongs can be considered variants of each other, while in words whose stems end with another vowel, these vowels remain distinct. The following table shows the different patterns that occur with different following vowels:

The second type of umlaut, called "diphthong simplification" or "monophthongization", is similar to its Northern Sami counterpart, but works differently. The diphthongs and  become  and  respectively, if: The diphthongs and  are unaffected. The reverse process also occurs, turning the long vowels back into diphthongs if the consonant becomes quantity 3 or the vowel in the next syllable becomes long.
 * The vowel in the next syllable is short (thus including also ), and
 * The following consonant is quantity 1 or 2.

The third type of umlaut, progressive umlaut, works in the other direction. It causes the unstressed vowels and  to be rounded to  and  respectively, if the preceding stressed vowel is short.

Unstressed vowel lengthening
If a stressed syllable contains a short vowel followed by a single (quantity 1) consonant, then a short vowel in the following syllable is lengthened.
 * "to do" ~ dagá (1st p. sg. present)
 * "to twist" ~ bånjå̄ (1st p. sg. present)

Dialects
Sammallahti divides Lule Sámi dialects as follows:

 * Northern dialects: Sörkaitum, Sirkas and Jåkkåkaska in Sweden, Hamarøy in Norway
 * Southern dialects: Tuorpon in Sweden
 * Forest dialects: Gällivare and Serri in Sweden

Features of the northern dialects of Lule Sámi are:
 * Long is also rounded to  after  in a first syllable.

Features of the southern dialects of Lule Sámi are:
 * Umlaut of short to  before.

Orthography
The orthography used for Lule Sámi is written using an extended form of the Latin script.

Traditionally, the character $⟨Ń⟩$ has been used to represent. In place of n-acute (available in Unicode and mechanical type writers, but not in Latin-1 or traditional Nordic keyboards), many have used $⟨ñ⟩$ or even $⟨ng⟩$. In modern orthography, such as in the official publications of the Swedish government and the translation of the New Testament published 2007, it is usually replaced with $⟨ŋ⟩$, in accordance with the orthography of many other Sámi languages.

Cases
Lule Sámi has seven cases:

Nominative
Like the other Uralic languages, the nominative singular is unmarked and indicates the subject of a predicate. The nominative plural is also unmarked and is always formally the same as the genitive singular.

Genitive
The genitive singular is unmarked and looks the same as the nominative plural. The genitive plural is marked by a-j. The genitive is used:

 * to indicate possession
 * with prepositions
 * with postpositions.

Accusative
The accusative is the direct object case and it is marked with -v in the singular. In the plural, its marker is -t, which is preceded by the plural marker -j.

Inessive
The inessive marker is -n in the singular and the plural, when it is then preceded by the plural marker -j. This case is used to indicate:

 * where something is
 * who has possession of something

Illative
The illative marker is -j in the singular and -da in the plural, which is preceded by the plural marker -i, making it look the same as the plural accusative. This case is used to indicate:

 * where something is going
 * who is receiving something
 * the indirect object

Elative
The elative marker is -s in the singular and the plural, when it is then preceded by the plural marker -j. This case is used to indicate:

 * where something is coming from

Comitative
The comitative marker in the singular is -jn and -j in the plural, which means that it looks like the genitive plural. The comitative is used to state with whom or what something was done.

Pronouns
The personal pronouns have three numbers – singular, plural and dual. The following table contains personal pronouns in the nominative and genitive/accusative cases.

The next table demonstrates the declension of a personal pronoun he/she (no gender distinction) in various cases:

Person
Lule Sámi verbs conjugate for three grammatical persons:

 * first person
 * second person
 * third person

Mood
Lule Sámi has five grammatical moods:

 * indicative
 * imperative
 * optative (also known as "Imperative II")
 * conditional
 * potential

Grammatical number
Lule Sámi verbs conjugate for three grammatical numbers:

 * singular
 * dual
 * plural

Tense
Lule Sámi verbs have two simple tenses:

 * past
 * non-past

and two compound tenses:

 * Present perfect
 * Pluperfect

Negative verb
Lule Sámi, like Finnish, the other Sámi languages, and some Estonian dialects, has a negative verb. In Lule Sámi, the negative verb conjugates according to tense (past and non-past), mood (indicative, imperative and optative), person (1st, 2nd and 3rd) and number (singular, dual and plural).

Literature

 * Grundström, Harald: Lulelappisches Wörterbuch
 * Kintel, Anders 1991: Syntaks og ordavledninger i lulesamisk. Kautokeino : Samisk utdanningsråd.
 * Spiik, Nils-Erik 1989: Lulesamisk grammatik. Jokkmokk: Sameskolstyrelsen. ISBN 91-7716-019-3
 * Ylikoski, Jussi 2022. Lule Saami. In Marianne Bakró-Nagy and Johanna Laakso and Elena Skribnik (eds.), The Oxford guide to the Uralic languages, 130-146. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 * Wiklund, K.B. 1890: Lule-lappisches Wörterbuch. Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilaisen seuran toimituksia ; 1

title: Lule Sámi


text:
Green Park Stadium

Green Park Stadium is an international standards cricket stadium of Kanpur, India. Its seating capacity increased to approximately 32,000 after a recent reconstruction. It is the home ground of Uttar Pradesh cricket team.

This arena is an International Test match venue. Green Park is under the control of the Sports Department Uttar Pradesh. It has hosted international cricket matches in both of Test and ODI format. The stadium hosted the 500th test played by the Indian team. It also organized four Vivo IPL matches, on 19 and 21 May 2016 and on 10 and 13 May 2017.

As of 19 August 2017 it has hosted 22 Tests, 14 ODIs and 1 T20I. It is situated near the river Ganga.

The stadium was named after a British woman named Green who used to go horse riding there, and is nicknamed 'Billiards Table', and also 'Woolmer's turf', after the late cricket coach and player Bob Woolmer who was born in McRobert Hospital opposite to the stadium.

History
The Green Park Stadium is named after a woman named Green who used to practice horse riding here in the 1940s. It is located in the Civil Lines area in the north east part of Kanpur city near the banks of the river Ganga, which flows just behind the stadium.

It is the only stadium in India where a student gallery is available. Green Park has the largest manually operated scoreboard in the world. It also has video screens that are used during international matches.

India's first Test win over Australia in December 1959 was at the Green Park ground. This was also the first match to be played on a turf wicket here.

Since 1957 India has lost only twice at Kanpur, both times to the West Indies, in 1958 and again in 1983.

Infrastructure
The ends are known as the Mill Pavilion End and the Hostel End. These are named after the Elgin Mill and DAV College which are close to the stadium.

Lakshmi (Gulee) is the head of Women Cricket Division.

Records

 * The ground hosted one 1987 Cricket World Cup Group B match, West Indies vs Sri Lanka.
 * It hosted one Nehru Cup 1989 match, England vs India.
 * It hosted the opening match of 1993 Hero Cup, Sri Lanka vs India.
 * It hosted one Wills world series 1994–95 match, West Indies vs India.
 * India registered their 100th Test victory here by defeating Sri Lanka by an innings and 144 runs
 * It hosted India's 500th test match in September 2016, in which India beat New Zealand by 197 runs.
 * Sourav Ganguly got 5 wickets vs Zimbabwe in 2000.
 * It also hosted England in January 2002 which India won easily. Also turned out to be the only match of Anil Kumble as captain.
 * It hosted its first day/night ODI on 29 October 2017 between India and New Zealand and India won this match by six runs.
 * The highest team total in ODI in this stadium is 337/7 by India on 29 October 2017 vs New Zealand.
 * Rohit Sharma is only the batsman who scored two centuries in ODI in this ground.
 * Shreyas Iyer scored a century in the first innings and a half-century in the second innings in his debut test match against New Zealand in November 2021.

title: Green Park Stadium


text:
Category talk:Christian Wikipedians

2005
Is this the sort of category we want to have? It has, to my ears, some overtones that I'd rather not hear. It sounds like we are trying to 'label' Wikipedians (which we already do enough of with the subjects of our articles). Shouldn't this site be about the articles, and not about the people who write them. Frankly, why should we care about this? DJ Clayworth 18:37, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Listing here is voluntary, and there are so many other categories and lists of Wikipedians by which they can label themselves as this, that, or the other thing, what harm does one more do? --Angr/undefined 2 July 2005 12:35 (UTC)

 * If someone is Christian, let her/him label her/himself as (s)he is. Halleluja!
 * If someone is Buddhist, let her/him label her/himself as (s)he is. Om mani padme hum.
 * If someone is Jewish, let her/him label her/himself as (s)he is. Shalom!
 * If someone is the follower of Mohammed, let her/him label her/himself as (s)he is. Allah Ackbar!
 * and so on.
 * Gubbubu 23:36, 26 August 2005 (UTC) from Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia. Wir haben freiheit im Religion, wir sind kein religionfrei.

 * I was actually quite surprised to notice that there is no Category:Lutheran Wikipedians. --Angr (t·c) 19:44, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Ask and you shall receive. (I hope that didn't sound blasphemous) My older sister is dating a pretty nice Lutheran man and although I have an overall negative view of Martin Luther there have been many good to great Lutherans out there. There's no names in the category at present but it's there for those who want it.--T. Anthony 03:30, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Shuckers no one is using it. Maybe there just aren't many Lutherans here or they reject categorization.--T. Anthony 06:56, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Probably they don't know this categorization exists. I knew it also randomly. Gubbubu 14:51, 26 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Well one person, a Archola, did put themselves in the category awhile back.--T. Anthony 16:03, 26 January 2006 (UTC)
 * It's now in general Christian and Protestant to increase visibility if that's an issue.--T. Anthony 16:05, 26 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Removed as redundant, just as well.--T. Anthony 23:10, 31 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Well the Lutheran category now has four members so it's doing good.--T. Anthony 23:10, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Jesus
I posted this on many of your individual pages recently, but I was told to instead post it here:

I recently found that the Jesus article on Wikipedia is the first item that comes up when you search for "Jesus" on the world’s most widely used search engine, Google. Please edit the Jesus article to make it an accurate and excellent representation of Him. The Jesus article may be a person’s first impression of Jesus. It would be nice if their first impression was from a Christian or the Bible, but for so many in these new days it probably comes from the Internet. Watch the Jesus page to keep it focused on Him. Thanks a lot. Scifiintel 18:39, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * In short, no.~ZytheTalk to me! 20:09, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

subcat of self
The userbox template should not be used on this page, or be altered so that it does not add itself to itself. ⇔ ChristTrekker 21:16, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I was able to do this by substituting the userbox template, and then removing the category line. --Kevinkor2 05:32, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

more denominations need to be added
Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian --Ted-m 02:38, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Cfd template
I guess we can remove the template since the Cfd was closed here as no consensus. JungleCat   Shiny! / Oohhh!  22:54, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Christian Wikipedians


text:
Portland Parish

Portland, with its capital town Port Antonio, is a parish located on Jamaica's northeast coast. It is situated to the north of St Thomas and to the east of St Mary in Surrey County. It is one of the rural areas of Jamaica, containing part of the Blue Mountains, where the Jamaican Maroon communities of Moore Town and Charles Town are located.

Geography and demography
The parish is situated at latitude 18°10' N and longitude 75°27'W. It extends from the highest peaks of the Blue Mountains, 2256 m above sea level, down to the north coast, and is noted for its fertile soil, scenery, and beaches. The parish lies in the direct path of the northeast trade winds, and the Blue Mountain ridge to its south traps the moisture. This parish has the highest rainfall in the island. Port Antonio, its chief town and capital, has two harbours, the western one being sheltered by a small islet, Navy Island. Portland covers an area of 814 square kilometers, making it Jamaica's seventh-largest parish.

The parish has a variety of complex landforms; the entire coastline is dotted with caves, bays, rivers, waterfalls and hills. There are fourteen caves, which include those at Buff Bay, Orange Bay, Hope Bay, Port Antonio, Boston Bay, Long Bay, Innis Bay and Nonsuch. There are also 17 rivers which form a network throughout the parish. The largest are the Rio Grande, Buff Bay and Hectors rivers.

The population of Portland is an estimated 82,183, 15,000 of whom live in the capital town. Its people are 89.8% black, 1.2% white, 5.3% Asians, 2.6% mixed race, and 1.1% other. It includes the separate Maroon communities of Charles Town, Jamaica and Moore Town.

Agriculture
The parish is a leading producer of bananas, coconuts, breadfruits, coffee, mangoes and ackee which are grown for export as well as local consumption. Portland has very rich land on its coastal strips that is suitable for any kind of cultivation, so many domestic crops are grown. Manufacturing is a small sector of the economy, with about 18 factories. They also do farming.

Tourism
A number of tourist facilities exist in the area, including Trident Villas and Hotel, Jamaica Palace, Dragon Bay Villas, Goblin Hill Hotel, Jamaica Crest, Fern Hill Club, and Mocking Bird Hill.

Attractions
Because of its natural and peaceful environment, tourism has often flourished in the parish. It is noted for its beaches, such as Frenchman's Cove, Boston Beach, Winifred, and Dragon Bay. The Blue Mountains are also located in Portland; two Maroon communities are located there. The internationally known Blue Lagoon is in this parish; it is believed to be the crater of an extinct volcano. The lagoon is an almost landlocked cove with approximately 55 m (180 ft) of water. Rafting on the Rio Grande is also a tourist attraction.

Boston Jerk Centre in Portland is an area well known for its "jerked" foods, including chicken, fish and pork. Jerked foods are foods made with Jamaican jerk spice and traditional technique.

Other activities
Since the early 1950s, more than 782 film or screen productions have been shot in Portland. Two of the most popular are 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, by Walt Disney (USA) in 1954 and The Harder They Come by Vista Productions (Jamaica) in 1972. Scenes from the film Cocktail, starring Tom Cruise, were shot at the bar on the beach at the Dragon Bay resort. An early film edition of the 1963 version of Lord of the Flies was largely shot at Frenchman's Cove; the 1990 remake by Harry Hook was filmed at Frenchman's Cove and Snow Hill. Barbadian singer Rihanna filmed the video for her song "Man Down" in various locations throughout the parish in April/May 2011. American singer Santigold filmed the video for her song "Disparate Youth" in the parish. The video was released in March 2012.

Politics
Portland Parish is part of two parliamentary constituencies; Portland Eastern and Portland Western.

Towns

 * Buff Bay
 * Cattawood Springs
 * Hope Bay
 * Manchioneal
 * Port Antonio, Capital
 * St. Margaret's Bay
 * Norwich
 * Snow Hill
 * Boston
 * Drapers
 * Fruitful Vale
 * Shrewsbury
 * Coopers Hill
 * Moore Town
 * Charles Town, Jamaica
 * Fellowship
 * Mount Pleasant
 * Long bay

Rivers

 * Buff Bay River
 * Daniels River
 * Hectors River
 * Rio Grande
 * Spanish River
 * Swift River
 * Reach Falls
 * Somerset Falls
 * Danny River

Islands

 * Navy Island, Jamaica
 * Pelew (Monkey) Island
 * Ship Rock Island (Lord of the Flies, 1992)
 * Wood Island
 * Christmas Island

Beaches

 * Boston Beach
 * Long Bay Beach
 * Frenchman's Cove
 * Winifred's Beach
 * San San Beach
 * San shy Beach
 * Pt. Antonio Pier
 * Titchfield beach

Notable residents

 * Edward Baugh (1936-2023) - Jamaican writer and lecturer, resided in Portland and attended Titchfield High School.
 * Errol Flynn (1909–1959) - American film and screen star, made Portland his home with an expansive estate to the east of the parish. His wife Patrice Wymore Flynn resided there until her death on 22 March 2014.
 * Duke Reid (1915–1975) - Jamaican disc jockey and record producer
 * Roy Reid (1937-2009) - Jamaican painter, grew up in Portland.
 * Rustie Lee (b. 1949) - Jamaican television personality, television chef, actress, singer and former politician.

title: Portland Parish


text:
Soba (city)

Soba is an archaeological site and former town in what is now central Sudan. Three kingdoms existed in medieval Nubia: Nobadia with the capital in Faras, Makuria with the capital in Dongola, and Alodia (Alwa) with the capital in Soba. The latter used to be the capital of the medieval Nubian kingdom of Alodia from the sixth century until around 1500. E. A. Wallis Budge identified it with a group of ruins on the Blue Nile 12 mi from Khartoum, where there are remains of a Meroitic temple that had been converted into a Christian church.

In the 10th century Ibn Selim el-Aswani described the city as large and wealthy, but he probably never visited it and modern archaeological investigations show it to have been a moderate centre. Built mainly of red brick, the abandoned city was plundered for building material when Khartoum was founded in 1821. Since the 1990s, development from the growth of suburbs in Greater Khartoum has continued to pose a threat to the ruins.

Archaeological research
In its heyday, the city covered approximately 275 hectares, but the excavations carried out prior to 2019 only encompassed about 1% of this area. The research was conducted by, among others, expeditions from the Sudanese National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums (NCAM) and the British Institute in Eastern Africa, mostly as part of salvage excavations resulting from the construction of a tarmac road and the building activity along it. Since the 1900s, modern buildings started to covered the remains, resulting in modern development covering about half of the site.

In 2019, the interdisciplinary project “Soba – the heart of Alwa” was commenced. It is carried out by the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw and the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and is directed by Mariusz Drzewiecki (PCMA UW). It aims to study the topography of Soba and determine the extent, spatial structure, and character of each city quarter. A magnetic geophysical prospection revealed unknown parts of medieval Soba. In one of the quarters, large architectural complexes stood at a distance from each other; in another, a clear street grid is visible. Test trenches were also excavated in strategic spots in the city or in places where the results of the geophysical research are not unequivocal. The residence of the kingdom of Alwa’s rulers has not yet been identified.

title: Soba (city)