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KVCR-DT

KVCR-DT (channel 24) is a PBS member television station in San Bernardino, California, United States. It is owned by the San Bernardino Community College District alongside NPR member KVCR (91.9 FM). The two stations share studios at the San Bernardino Valley College campus on North Mt. Vernon Avenue in San Bernardino; KVCR-DT's transmitter is located atop Box Springs Mountain.

KVCR is Southern California's oldest operating public television station, beginning broadcasts in September 1962. As public stations signed on in the Los Angeles area, KVCR continued to provide local programming for the Inland Empire as well as telecourses from San Bernardino Valley College and instructional content for schools. The station had a limited broadcast range until it moved its transmitter to Box Springs Mountain in 1983.

In the 2000s, KVCR replaced KOCE as the public television station broadcast into the Coachella Valley, including Palm Springs; it continues to operate a translator and provide a dedicated subchannel, KVCR PBS Desert Cities, for this area. KVCR is also the founding station for the First Nations Experience network, which was started in 2010 with a gift from the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians. State government support in the early 2020s forestalled a cost-cutting plan which would have seen the KVCR stations switch from public media to student-run outlets. KVCR produces local programming for the Inland Empire.

Early years
In 1959, the board of trustees of San Bernardino Valley College gave approval for an exploratory study on activating ultra high frequency (UHF) channel 24, which had been allocated for educational television use by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1952 but was never assigned; recent changes in state law had allowed the community college to set up and finance its own TV station. The college applied for a construction permit on August 12, 1960, even though trustees were at first hesitant about the concept. One trustee wanted to merely apply for the permit to keep the college's hold on the channel. The FCC granted the permit on July 6, 1961, but trustees initially rejected funds to build the station in a 3–2 vote. The chairman of the board of trustees, in casting the deciding vote, stated, "I personally believe it is not our function to take education beyond the campus, here."

Less than a month after that vote, with high community interest in the project, trustees changed their minds and unanimously voted to build out KVCR-TV, which would be the first educational television station in the state to be run by a junior college. It was seen as more cost-effective to broadcast on campus than to wire campus buildings for a closed-circuit system. Construction of the facility was complete by June 12, 1962, when the first test pattern was sent out, but the first program was not broadcast until September 11. That night, after 15 minutes, the station went off the air because a capacitor failed in the transmitter. KVCR-TV was the only educational station to broadcast in Southern California at the time of its creation. In addition to educational programs for schools and college telecourses, the station also presented educational programs from National Educational Television, forerunner to PBS.

The station grew quickly. Originally broadcasting 10 to 15 hours a week, it doubled its output to 30 hours in 1963. By 1965, KVCR-TV was broadcasting daytime instructional television for 23 school districts in San Bernardino County, including on translators to rebroadcast its signal. KVCR-TV also served as an extension of the broadcasting program at Valley College. The station was entirely student-operated and by 1967 aired 10 to 15 hours a week of local programs, including a weekly public affairs program as well as a daily newscast during the school year. Even though National Educational Television began feeding programs on network lines to stations in 1967, KVCR-TV continued to receive all its NET and PBS programming through KCET in Los Angeles until it was directly connected to the network in June 1972.

With a small signal originating from the Valley College campus, the station's coverage was limited for most of the first 20 years of its history. In 1973, a translator was activated near the campus of the University of California, Riverside; this expanded KVCR-TV coverage to Riverside, which was blocked from the main San Bernardino signal by terrain. The university also had television production capabilities and could produce programs for air on the station. A volunteer support group for KVCR radio and television, Friends of KVCR, was formed in 1973; the next year, the station received a federal grant that allowed it to upgrade to all-color broadcasting. The transmitter had been previously modified to allow the station to pass through network programs in color, a fact station officials were not aware of until they were called by a viewer who complimented them on their color signal.

Regional growth
In 1980, KVCR-TV began planning for a major power increase and transmitter site relocation. This would replace the original facility, which used a transmitter 10 years older than KVCR-TV itself, with a site on higher terrain. Several sites, including Sunset Ridge (used by KHOF-TV), were analyzed, but planning soon focused on Box Springs Mountain near the University of California, Riverside campus. After receiving a $650,000 federal grant in December 1981 and awarding contracts for construction work in September 1982, the new facility came into use on December 5, 1983, adding an expected 1 million viewers to the station's coverage area. With the new coverage area, KVCR also began increasing its on- and off-air fundraising activities, hiring its first development director and campaigning for donations on the air. By 1997, when general manager Thomas Little retired after 20 years running KVCR radio and television, the stations had more than 12,700 paid members.

In the 1980s and 1990s, KVCR produced an array of public affairs series covering the Inland Empire region. These included On Call, Dialogues, Impacto, and Ebony Issues. In 1986, the station debuted the weekly I Remember Television, which presented programs from the first decade of American television history with historical context but later broadened to cover the 1950s and 1960s. The program remained in production for 22 years. Local dining program Table for Two, hosted by food critic Allan Borgen, aired from 1990 to 2007.

Digitalization and budget woes
After Little's retirement, Lew Warren became the station's general manager. Motivated by complaints from viewers, he had KVCR-TV switch from being a secondary PBS station in the Program Differentiation Plan—airing 25 percent of the network's output after a minimum eight-day delay—to a primary station. This meant that the full PBS lineup aired on KVCR-TV for the first time in its history. It also was a major expense. In 1997, the station paid PBS approximately $224,000; those payments were set to increase to $544,000 in 1998. However, KCET protested that KVCR should be required to pay the full per-household-covered rate for programs, not a discounted rate like PBS often permitted secondary stations in large markets to pay. The PBS directors agreed with KCET and increased the total bill to about $800,000 a year.

While that was under way, KVCR experienced two major transmitter faults in late 2002. A heat wave in the Inland Empire caused a tube in the transmitter to blow on August 31, 2002; the station was off air until September 18. The transmitter then failed again in a rainstorm in early November; it was out for 23 days until a temporary transmitter could be installed and put in service on November 30. The station missed broadcasting PBS programs during this time as well as 20 college telecourses. The temporary equipment was used until a new antenna and digital-capable transmitter were installed in June 2004. KVCR continued to broadcast digitally on channel 26 after the digital television transition on June 12, 2009.

KVCR-TV's carriage of all PBS programming ended in 2003 in response to state-mandated budget cuts. The community college was forced to cut $10 million of its $70 million budget; returning to the Program Differentiation Plan saved the station $600,000. Whereas viewers had once complained that KVCR did not have every PBS show, now they were complaining that it heavily duplicated KCET. One new addition came in November 2003 when KVCR-TV began carrying a newscast produced by the Inland California Television Network (ICTN), a venture of Cal State San Bernardino, the city, and the Los Angeles News Group. ICTN continued to air on the station until it shut down in February 2005.

Another major task for KVCR in the 2000s was relocating the station out of its longtime studio location, North Hall on the Valley College campus. North Hall had been slated for demolition for some time. The relocation had originally been conceived to help allow the station to meet the FCC-mandated technological upgrade to digital broadcasting and specified a site at the former Norton Air Force Base. However, the station faced an unusually large construction cost; because the facility would primarily be for educational use, it would be subject to Field Act requirements. Ultimately, the KVCR stations stayed on the Valley College campus and moved to a new Media & Communications Building in 2011.

Expansion to the Desert Cities
In September 2003, PSTV Partners, which operated a television translator on channel 55 (cable 16) serving the Palm Springs area, decided to begin broadcasting KVCR instead of KOCE-TV on its translator because its owner, Jonathan Sussman, felt the Orange County station was not sufficiently responsive to the interests of the Coachella Valley and fretted about a possible sale of KOCE. Sussman also owned Raven Productions, a local program producer, and began contributing several Coachella Valley-oriented programs to KVCR's lineup. In 2005, the station moved to channel 9 over-the-air and on cable after Sussman hired lawyers to argue that the noncommercial channel needed a lower position on cable. At that time, it was the only public station with a broadcast transmitter in the area. KVCR renewed its lease for five-year terms in 2008 and 2013.

In 2016, PSTV Partners transferred the license of K09XW-D to KCETLink, the parent organization of KCET. KVCR rebuilt KJHP-LD, a separate translator, in 2020 to continue to provide service in Palm Springs.

First Nations Experience
In 2010, KVCR received a $6 million donation from the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians to start a television channel airing programming about Native American communities in the United States, with a goal to distribute it nationally. The service, First Nations Experience (FNX), began broadcasting as a subchannel on September 25, 2011. The San Manuel Band donated another $6 million to KVCR in 2015 to support expanding FNX.

Incentive auction and possible disaffiliation from PBS
The KVCR stations, typically reliant on contributions from the community college district for much of their operating funding, began to see cutbacks in the 2010s. In 2012, the district cut its support from $1.7 million to $900,000 and advised the stations to plan on receiving no funding for the 2013–2014 fiscal year, and rumors swirled that the radio and television stations could become managed by public broadcasters in Los Angeles. The board then gave the stations an extra year of public support.

In 2017, KVCR sold its UHF-band television spectrum for $157 million in the 2016 United States wireless spectrum auction and moved to very high frequency (VHF) channel 5. The cash infusion represented 150 percent of the entire budget of the community college district. It was the 11th-largest incentive auction payment to any station nationwide and the largest for a station in the Los Angeles area. The KVCR stations themselves ultimately received $44 million plus $9 million for its endowment, while $80 million was invested by the district and $20 million was earmarked for its pension fund.

In anticipation of the cash infusion from the auction, 2017 also brought a major rebrand of the KVCR stations as the "Empire Network" along with eight new local shows. The changes were made to provide increased differentiation from the Los Angeles-area PBS stations, provide content for the underserved Inland Empire, and reduce KVCR's reliance on programming from PBS. However, in 2018, multiple shows were canceled as part of a downscaling of the program changes; 35 employees were dismissed as a result. The discontinuation of programming was cited by observers as part of an inconsistent station strategy; the KVCR stations had gone through five general managers between 2012 and 2018, including two hirings in 2017 alone.

Despite the incentive auction windfall, KVCR continued to run annual deficits; by late 2020, trustees projected that the KVCR stations would soon need to draw on the principal of the stations' endowment to cover operating expenses. Trustees authorized a plan that October that would likely have ultimately led to the stations becoming student-run outlets and disaffiliating from NPR and PBS. The interim chancellor of the KVCR stations, José F. Torres, recommended to the trustees in April 2021 that the stations be folded into Valley College's Institute of Media Arts. Community backlash to this proposal was significant enough that trustees contacted Inland Empire representatives in the California state legislature, leading to the passage that July of AB 132, an appropriations bill that allocated $4 million for the continuing operation of the KVCR stations. In 2022, the state of California allocated $15 million in funding that secured the stations' future as public media outlets and also led to the establishment of a student training lab within KVCR.

In December 2022, after the end of her two-year term in the California State Senate and a failed bid for a seat on the San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors, senator Connie Leyva became the new executive director of KVCR radio and television.

Funding
For the year ending June 30, 2022, KVCR-DT had operating revenue of $2.6 million, including $830,000 in viewer contributions. The Corporation for Public Broadcasting provided $617,000 in grants, while the San Bernardino Community College District provided $495,000 in non-cash institutional support. The station had 6,159 members.

Local programming
KVCR's local programs are oriented to the Inland Empire and Desert Cities areas. The station airs a television simulcast of Inland Edition, the flagship public affairs program of KVCR radio, and the annual Redlands Bowl Summer Music Festival. As the originating station for FNX, KVCR also produces the channel's weekly news program, FNX Now, and other specialty programs and documentaries.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

title: KVCR-DT


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User talk:Eagle27

Hello, eveyone!

I'm Eagle and I am a massive fan of Advance wars 2 and pokemon. Uhhh.. if you wwanna talk, email me at lloyd_irving@hotmail.co.uk

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Eagle27


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Talk:Bobby Rush

Voice
Is there any information available on his voice? Does he have a tracheotomy or has he had a stroke in the past? I'm curious because its obviously a unique voice and as to whether it is medically related or natural, I'd be interested to know. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.73.191.97 (talk) 04:10, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

Occupation
Under "Occupation," it seems really awkward that it says "insurance agent" and something else...is this really necessary?

What is un-neutral about providing details about the statement Rush signed, especially since otherwise this history ends in 2004? ?The preceding unsigned comment was added by 63.199.155.82 (talk ? contribs) 05:48, 6 March 2006 (UTC{})

When a Congressman signs a statement expressing the opinion that the actions of the government make him think of fascism, that's important. ?The preceding unsigned comment was added by 63.199.155.82 (talk ? contribs) 17:53, 8 March 2006 (UTC{})

Wikipedia is not a forum for editorialising opinions. Please make sure every item is sourced and verifiable and do not use weasel words. Bastique ? parler voir 14:53, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

Article is very thin. Start here: Andyvphil (talk) 09:02, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

Edit warring
There seems to be a slow edit war in progress between folks who assert that the subject is a convicted felon and those who argue he isn't. Mostly single purpose accounts on both sides, it seems, so I'll post here. Would any of the parties be interested in sitting down to discuss the issue so we can nail down some good references and get out of this mess? If the claims are true, then they should be covered here as it's a pretty big story. If not, then let's find good citations for that and have a section on the talk page ready to refute it. - C HAIRBOY (☎) 16:17, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

I'd have to agree. Mr. Rush did serve time in prison for an illegal weapons charge and this is properly cited. Further, Mr. Rush went AWOL from the army but was eventually honorably discharged. These are facts that are properly cited and a part of his past. He is a public servant, and attempts to cover this up is nothing more than corruption at it's highest. It is apparent that the individual that is working so hard to have these facts removed is obviously biased against facts. Bodhi83 (talk) 22:57, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

 * If there is proper sourcing and the material is presented in an NPOV manner, I have no issue with adding the content. (see the material about AWOL and illegal firearms charge that have been added to the article). I will not however allow content from an attack site remain in the article, nor the continued cherry picking of purely negative material from sources that contain broad content about Rush. -- The Red Pen of Doom  23:41, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Since when is the Washingtontimes an attack site? The other site linked those articles back to the Washingtontimes site to begin with. It really smacks of bias that certain people do not agree with the listings on certain politicians wiki's versus others. I'd really truly like to see everyone not be biased and "Just the facts". That seems to be the problem with today's world, the lack of facts and constant cover up to hide the facts. Bodhi83 (talk) 23:58, 3 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Who called the Wash Times an attack site? -- The Red Pen of Doom  00:00, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

The first citation I listed linked back to the Times article. If they are using correct information, how is it an attack? It's just posting the truth. By calling one an attack site, and not the other, it smacks of bias. Bodhi83 (talk) 14:58, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

RedPenOfDoom, would you be able to help Bodhi83 turn the info into something that's NPOV? - C HAIRBOY (☎) 02:15, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

I don't believe it is NPOV now. Now, it is just labeled as random information that needs classification in what appears to be another attempt at removing the facts. Bodhi83 (talk) 14:58, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Perhaps using a sandbox (or this discussion page) as a place to put a draft of material to get a couple of sets of eyes looking at it before adding material to the article itself? -- The Red Pen of Doom  19:07, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

That is fine in practice, but people that do not want anything on his page that looks bad will still argue that it does not belong. Taking a neutral point of view does not mean that you look the other way when confronted with negative facts. You address them and move on.

Wouldn't you agree? Bodhi83 (talk) 20:31, 4 February 2009 (UTC)
 * It is always more productive to focus on actual content to be added/removed/modified for articles than wonder off on discussions about users intent. -- The Red Pen of Doom  23:18, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

Absolutely, I agree. However, I am not appreciative of any insinuation of my not being impartial. I would expect no less from anyone else. Bodhi83 (talk) 23:55, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

H.R.45 Edits
I find Red Pen's considerable hovering over this page to be most interesting. I want to note I could have put a much greater amount of detail about HR 45 in the edit I did, but I didn't want to be excessive. However, in the spirit of peace, I placed the information in the actual article about the bill and simply added the link. I don't think even Red Pen could object to that.J appleseed2 (talk) 22:53, 13 February 2009 (UTC)
 * HR 45 is one piece of proposed legislation in the career of a politician. WP:UNDUE. -- The Red Pen of Doom  23:02, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Hey Red Pen - libel my a$$ - Rush really is a Communist. If he wants to sue me for stating the obvious, let him. What do you think the Black Panthers were, Whigs ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.162.67.79 (talk) 15:19, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

Black Panther Party
This article is woefully incomplete and uninformative. Is there a legitimate reason why Mr. Rush's membership in the Black Panther Party in the 1960s isn't even mentioned in passing? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.205.63.85 (talk) 22:22, 1 September 2010 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Bobby Rush
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Bobby Rush's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "jbcdnyt": From Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama:  From Early life and career of Barack Obama: Becker, Jo and Drew, Christopher, "Pragmatic politics, forged on the South Side", The New York Times, May 11, 2008, retrieved July 16, 2008

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 00:13, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

Convicted of a Felony
The simple fact of the matter is that Mr. Rush was convicted of a felony quite a long time ago. However, not including it in this article despite the fact that it has been reported by multiple mainstream news organizations and is in fact public record, should not be acceptable simply because some editors don't want to hear it. NPOV and the removal of bias in general is essential to maintaining the quality of Wikipedia. NPOV does not mean presenting everyone's point of view equally regardless of facts. Not wanting significant events (such as a felony conviction) to be included in an individual's biography cannot be substantiated by asserting it's inclusion as evidence of a "hit job", "attack", or "POV". It is unquestionably significant, and should therefore be included in the article. Simply saying he served time in prison for "x" reason is not adequate. The word "felony" must be included.

24.60.214.65 (talk) 03:33, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bobby Rush


text: User talk:85.206.192.178

title: User talk:85.206.192.178


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User:M0nster0

Play nice kids....

Articles of Interest
Hubbert peak

Useful Wikicentric links
Wiki Redirect

title: User:M0nster0


text: User talk:81.79.128.4

title: User talk:81.79.128.4


text: User talk:66.52.49.179

title: User talk:66.52.49.179


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Pale-throated sloth

The pale-throated sloth (Bradypus tridactylus), occasionally known as the ai, is a species of three-toed sloth that inhabits tropical rainforests in northern South America.

It is similar in appearance to, and often confused with, the brown-throated sloth, which has a much wider distribution. Genetic evidence has been interpreted to suggest the two species diverged only around 400,000 years ago, although the most recent evidence indicates the split was closer to 6 million years.

Description
Pale-throated sloths have a rounded head with a blunt nose and small external ears. The limbs are long and weak, with the arms being nearly twice the length of the hindlimbs. The hands and feet each have three digits, armed with long, arched claws, with the middle claw being the largest and most powerful. Males are 45 to 55 cm in head-body length, with a short, 4 to 6 cm, tail, and weigh from 3.2 to 6 kg. However, the females are noticeably larger, being from 50 to 75 cm in length, and weighing 3.8 to 6.5 kg.

The body is covered with coarse guard hairs up to 10 cm long, with a finer undercoat. Green algae live mutualistically between the microscopic scales on the surface of the guard hairs, giving the sloth a somewhat greenish appearance that serves as camouflage. Adults are blackish-grey over most of the body, with darker patches distributed over the backs, shoulders, and hips. Males have a bright yellow or orange patch on the back, divided by a central black stripe. Pale-throated sloths are difficult to distinguish from the closely related brown-throated sloth, but, as their name implies, they have a pale yellow patch on the throat.

The eyes are large and forward facing for binocular vision, with round pupils. Unusually, they appear to lack any cone cells in the retina, suggesting that the sloth is unable to see color. Despite its apparently small ears, the pale-throated sloth has excellent hearing; it has also been reported to have a good sense of smell.

Anatomy
The sloth has nine cervical vertebrae, giving it extreme flexibility. As a result, a pale-throated sloth can bend its head backwards and forwards through 270° and rotate it through 330°. It possesses a pair of foramina in the anterodorsal nasopharynx, a feature that distinguishes it from its sister species. The females have two mammae in the chest region, a simple uterus. Males have no discrete prostate gland, no scrotum, and only rudimentary seminal vesicles.

The mouth is lined by a black mucosa, although the large and heavy tongue is pink. The palate is wrinkled in texture, and the tongue is lined with numerous grooves, apparently adaptations to the sloth's diet. Like other three-toed sloths, it has just five teeth on each side of the upper jaw, and four on each side of the lower jaw; these are all simple and rounded in shape, with the front teeth in the upper jaw being much smaller than the others. The esophagus is short, but the stomach is large and complex, and there is also a large diverticulum in the cecum.

Distribution and habitat
The pale-throated sloth is found only in the tropical forests of northern South America, including Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, eastern Venezuela and Brazil north of the Amazon River. There are no recognised subspecies.

Behavior and biology
Pale-throated sloths are solitary, herbivorous animals that spend almost their entire lives in trees. Depending on habitat, population densities of anything from 1.7 to 221 /km2 have been reported. They eat only leaves, twigs, and buds of the trees of Cecropia, Ceiba, Elizabetha, and Hevea. Known predators include jaguars, margays, harpy eagles, and anacondas.

The pale-throated sloth can hang so securely with its hooklike claws that it even falls asleep in this position. It may even stay suspended in the trees for some time after it dies. They have been reported to spend over eighteen hours each day asleep, and move through the tree canopy only very slowly. They periodically descend from the trees to defecate, depositing a pile of small pellets in a hole dug into the ground. Despite their arboreal lifestyle, they are effective swimmers. Their call is a bird-like whistle described as an "ai-ai" sound.

In addition to their mutualism with green algae, pale-throated sloths are also commensal with sloth moths, and with certain species of beetle. These insects live in the sloth's fur, and lay their eggs in its dung, on which their larvae feed.

Reproduction
Mating takes place in the trees, with the pair either face to face, or with the male on the female's back. The female gives birth to a single infant after a gestation period of about six months.

The young are born already fully furred, and with open eyes. The young animal clings to the mother's underside for the first month of life, by which time it has reached a weight of around 300 g. They begin to take solid food at three weeks, and are fully weaned some time after the first month. The young initially have soft greyish-brown fur, which darkens and becomes rougher as they age. They reach sexual maturity at around three years.

title: Pale-throated sloth


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Baydu

Baydu (Mongolian script:; Байду) (died 1295) was the sixth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division in Iran. He was the son of Taraqai, who was in turn the fifth son of Hulagu Khan. He succeeded his cousin Gaykhatu as khan of the Ilkhanate state in 1295.

Life
He was born in Mongolia to Taraqai and Qaraqcin. His father was Hulagu's fifth son but he was killed by lightning strike on his way to Iran. Baydu and his mother arrived at Iran with Qutui Khatun's camp alongside Tekuder and other princes in 1269. Reportedly, he never commanded an army and was considered to be easy to be controlled by Mongol emirs. He participated in Abaqa Khan's invasion of Syria in 1281. During his predecessors reigns, he was a viceroy in Jazira.

Under Gaykhatu
He was considered as one of candidates to Ilkhanid throne after death of Arghun. Nobles like Taghachar, Qoncuqbal, Toghan and Tuqal supported Baydu, however he refused throne stating throne belongs to the brother or a son according to yassa, while Mahmud Aqsarai simply states that when Baydu didn't appear at the quriltai, Gaykhatu was enthroned instead. Baydu stood stationed in Baghdad and even travelled to coronation feast of new khan Gaykhatu. However, after getting drunk Gaykhatu insulted Baydu telling one of his servants to hit Baydu. This grew a resentment in Baydu towards him. Baydu left hastily towards to his appanage near Baghdad leaving his son Qipchak as a hostage in Gaykhatu's court. He was supported by Oirat emir Chichak (son of Sulaimish b. Tengiz Güregen), Lagzi Küregen (son of Arghun Aqa), El-Temur (son of Hinduqur Noyan) and Todachu Yarquchi, who followed him to Baghdad. He was also aided by his vizier Jamal ud-Din Dastgerdani. According to Hamdullah Qazwini, Baydu's main motivation on moving against Gaykhatu was his sexual advances against Qipchak.

Revolt
When son-in-law Ghurbatai Güregen brought him news of treachery, Gaykhatu ordered arrest of several amirs including his personal keshig Tuladai, Qoncuqbal, Tukal, Bughdai, including Kipchak and put into jail in Tabriz. While his followers Hasan and Taiju demanded their executions, Taghachar advised against it. Baydu on his side, moved to kill Muhammad Sugurchi, governor of Baghdad and arrested governor Baybuqa of Diyar Bakr. Gaykhatu sent his father-in-law Aq Buqa and Taghachar against Baydu on 17 March 1295, himself arriving at Tabriz 4 days later. Little he knew that Taghachar already shifted allegiance to Baydu who left for his encampment at night. While he wanted to flee to Anatolia, his councillors advised to fight against Baydu. Nevertheless, Gaykhatu fled to Mughan. Arriving in Tabriz, Taghachar set Qoncuqbal and Tuladai free, while Gaikhatu desperately begged for mercy. Despite his appeal, he was strangled by a bowstring so as to avoid bloodshed on 21 March 1295. However, some sources put this event on 5 March or 25 April.

Reign
Baydu was considered easygoing and controllable, and under him, the Ilkhanate was divided among the co-conspirators. However, Gaykhatu's death wasn't without consequences, especially Prince Ghazan in Khorasan grew restless. Baydu explained the fact that Ghazan was away during events leading to Gaykhatu's fall, therefore nobles had no choice but to raise him to throne. Nevertheless, Amir Nowruz encouraged Ghazan to take steps against Baydu, because he was nothing but a figurehead under grips of nobles. Mar Yahballaha III also noted Baydu being a weak khan. Conspirators divided the empire between themselves: Taghachar took governorate of Anatolia, Tuladai gained Persian Iraq and Lorestan, while Qoncoqbal took Shiraz and Shabankara to himself Tukal went back to his ancestral lands in Georgia. Meanwhile, his mother-in-law Kurdujin Khatun was installed as governor of Kerman and had Padishah Khatun executed. Aq Buqa Jalair, chief commander of Gaykhatu was also killed on demands of Qoncuqbal.

Ghazan started to move against Baydu towards his headquarters in Azerbaijan. Baydu's forces commanded by Ildar Oghul (his cousin and Prince Ajay's son) met him near Qazvin. First battle was won by Ghazan but he had to fall back after realising Ildar's contingent was just a fraction of whole army, leaving Nowruz behind. After a short truce, Baydu offered Ghazan co-ruling of ilkhanate and Nowruz the post of sahib-i divan to which as a counter-condition Ghazan demanded the revenues of his father's hereditary lands in Fars, Persian Iraq and Kerman. Nowruz denied conditions, which led to its arrest. According to an anecdote, he promised to bring Ghazan back tied-up on condition of his release. Once he reached Ghazan, he sent back a cauldron to Baydu; a word play on the Turkish word kazan.

Amir Nowruz promised him the throne and his help on a condition of Ghazan's conversion to Islam. Nowruz entered Qazvin with 4000 soldiers and claimed an additional number of 120.000 on his way towards Azerbaijan which caused panic among masses which was followed by defections of Taghachar's subordinates and other powerful emirs like Qurumishi and Chupan. Seeing imminent defeat, Baydu fled to Tukal in Georgia. Baydu attempted to escape and flee from Azerbaijan to Georgia, but was taken prisoner near Nakhichevan he was taken to Tabriz and executed on the 5 October 1295, ending the civil war with his successor. Relatives, including his son Qipchaq (d. 26 September 1295) and Ildar Oghul were also executed.

Personality
Baydu had strong sympathies to Christianity, but was required to act outwardly as a Muslim. Some sources state he didn't act even as Muslim. According to Saunders in Mongol Conquests, Baydu allowed churches on his ordo and wore a cross around his neck. He was urged by his followers to rid himself of Ghazan, the son of Arghun Khan, but refused out of affection.

Family
Baydu had three consorts, two of them from Qutlugkhanid dynasty:
 * Ordu Qutlugh Khatun, daughter of Qutb al-Din, ruler of Kerman, and full sister of Suyurghatmish;
 * Shah Alam Khatun, daughter of Suyurghatmish and Kurdujin Khatun, and granddaughter of Qutb al-Din;
 * A daughter of Tuladai

Children

 * Qipchaq — from Shah Alam Khatun, executed together with his father:
 * Qipchaq
 * Muhammad
 * Ali;
 * Musa (1336–1337)
 * Muhammad; with the daughter of Tuladai
 * Yol Qutlugh Khatun, married on 3 July 1295 to Qunchuqbal;

title: Baydu


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tim McConnell

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 19:31, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

Tim McConnell
Non-notable, unverifiable, and/or prank. Zero hits for full name, All hits for "Tim McConnell" seem to be other people. No IMDb listing. Niteowlneils 15:03, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I note he's only 16, yet he is listed as a philosopher.  If he is notable, someone else will come along and create a page about his acting career.  Until then, this looks like a contentless advertisement.  Almafeta 15:13, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for all the reasons above. Sjakkalle (Check!)  15:52, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I trust I don't even have to say why. 216.158.31.195 16:47, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. --Etacar11 22:57, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 04:56, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User talk:Ketzer7

Welcome!

Hi. Welcome to Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopaedia that anyone can edit! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We'll certainly be looking forward for your contributions. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Sarg 15:03, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

File source problem with File:89rrc lrg.gif
Thank you for uploading File:89rrc lrg.gif. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of that website's terms of use of its content. However, if the copyright holder is a party unaffiliated from the website's publisher, that copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider verifying that you have specified sources for those files as well. You can find a list of files you have created [ in your upload log]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged per Wikipedia's criteria for speedy deletion, F4. If the image is copyrighted and non-free, the image will be deleted 48 hours after 16:40, 16 May 2010 (UTC) per speedy deletion criterion F7. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 16:40, 16 May 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ketzer7


text:
Roberto Díaz Herrera

Roberto Díaz Herrera (born June 27, 1937) is a Panamanian colonel under General Manuel Noriega and was most famous for his public denunciation of the Panamanian dictator in 1987, at the behest of Sathya Sai Baba, an Indian Guru who never set foot on the American soil. After Noriega placed him under house arrest, Colonel Díaz received significant support from the Panamanian people, with many passing by his house in cars to shake his hand. He was imprisoned shortly thereafter and eventually given political asylum in Venezuela. After spending 11 years of exile in various Latin American countries, Díaz returned to Panama. Diaz Herrera also ran for the presidency with a minor political party, PNP, from 1996 to 1998, but lost to a larger political party. In 2004, he was chosen by the newly elected Panamanian president, Martín Torrijos, to be the country's ambassador to Peru.

Early life
Born on June 27, 1938, as the seventh of nine siblings in Santiago, the capital city of the Panamanian province of Veraguas, Roberto Díaz was raised by his parents, Anastacio Díaz Jiménez, a teacher, and Gregoria Herrera, who worked as a housewife and sold bread and desserts at a local store. Gregoria was the sister of General Omar Torrijos Herrera’s mother.

At age 15, he studied in Lima, Peru, at the Military School of Leoncio Prado, while also attending classes at the Escuela de Oficiales de la Guardia Civil (Civil Guard Officers School). Additionally, he studied at the ULACIT in Panama, where he earned a law degree.

Díaz Herrera married his first wife, Raquel Judith Tapiero, on October 7, 1962. They had four children: Judith Gregoria, Gaby I Sol, Raquel Diaz, and Roberto Jr. They later divorced.

Military life
Beginning with a rank of second lieutenant, Díaz pursued a military career in the only institution of its kind in Panama, the Guardia Nacional de Panamá (National Guard of Panama). He rose quickly to colonel.

On September 7, 1977, US President Jimmy Carter and Panamanian leader Omar Torrijos signed the Torrijos-Carter Treaties. Torrijos sent Díaz Herrera as a negotiator of the Panama Canal to many countries, including Cuba, France, and Yugoslavia. He also served as a political representative in Israel, Algeria, Venezuela, Mexico, and Costa Rica.

Díaz became General Chief of Staff to the military, which had been renamed the Fuerzas de Defensa de Panamá (Panama Defense Forces). At that time, he was second in command of Panama's military under the command of Manuel Noriega.

Conflict with Noriega
In June 1987, Diaz Herrera was forcibly retired by Noriega, who it was rumored felt threatened by Diaz who had grown in influence and respect within the Panamanian Defense Forces (FDP). Noriega justified the move based on the age of Colonel Diaz Herrera who turned 50 years old that month. Following his forced retirement, in an interview with Panama's leading opposition newspaper, La Prensa, Colonel Díaz made a strong declaration against Noriega. He accused Noriega of drug trafficking; of planning the assassination of his predecessor Omar Torrijos Herrera who negotiated the return of the Panama Canal with Jimmy Carter (Torrijos was Diaz Herrera's cousin, and claimed Noriega had planted an explosive in the private aircraft of Torrijos with the help of the CIA); of ordering the killing of Hugo Spadafora, Diaz Herrera's personal friend; and of orchestrating fraud in the 1984 presidential election. These allegations led many people in Panama to protest, resulting in a suspension of constitutional protections and austere measures by the Noriega regime including arrest and detainment of protestors and opposition party leaders, government seizure of local television stations, and tear gassing of students and accused brutality of local citizens with batons, rubber hoses filled with sand, and shotguns filled with rock salt.

Just 50 days after the televised interview, Noriega placed Díaz under house arrest. During that time many people went to Díaz's house to shake his hand in order to show their support for him. The street to his house was frequently lined with the cars of his supporters. Later, the whole Spadafora family would go into hiding at Díaz Herrera's residency, which served as a refuge against Noriega's loyal soldiers, who finally raided the residence on July 27, 1987, to place him in prison. The raid was accomplished with three helicopters and over 100 heavily armed men in an assault orchestrated by Mike Harari, Noriega's personal friend and former Israeli intelligence officer. The raid ended when Díaz Herrera, who kept more than 30 of his loyal officers in the residence at the time, surrendered and was taken into custody. The invasion of the personal home compound of Diaz occurred between 6:30 and 8:00 a.m. with military helicopters initially circling the barb-wired walls, firing automatic weapons into the home and compound. Tear gas and light armored vehicles were used to breach the walls and raid the compound, with at least one explosive round being used to breach the front gate. While the Panamanian government claimed no one was killed in the raid, local residents reported several badly wounded bodies being removed in the hours after the attack. One body guard of Diaz Herrera was reportedly killed. Blood trails could be easily seen from the heavily damaged front entrance used to enter the compound. During the raid, Díaz's second wife, Claret Maigualida, and their small children were in the residence.

After spending six months in jail, Díaz was exiled on December 24, after several countries negotiated his release from prison. He was sent to Venezuela where his wife Maigualida and their three children awaited.

Years of exile
At the beginning of his exile from Panama, Díaz spent about six years in Caracas, Venezuela, during the presidency of Carlos Andres Perez, a personal friend who granted him political asylum. Caracas was also the birthplace of his second wife, Claret Maigualida, with whom he would spend the rest of his life. Later, he spent time in Argentina, travelled throughout Europe, and finally arrived in Ecuador with Maigualida and his children, Daniel Roberto Díaz Herrera, Carlos Guillermo Díaz Herrera (who is currently participating in politics) and Romai Anastacia Díaz de Homes.

Later life
In 2004, Martín Torrijos, the son of Omar and a second nephew of Roberto Díaz, was elected president of Panama and chose Díaz to serve as ambassador to Perú.

Díaz was the Ambassador of Panama and Consul of Callao in Perú until 2009.

title: Roberto Díaz Herrera


text:
Portal:Association football

 * Wilsonnflfootball.png American football
 * College football
 * Baseball.svg Baseball
 * Basketball.png Basketball
 * Cricketball.svg Cricket
 * Formula racecar pictogram.png Formula One
 * Ice hockey puck.svg Ice hockey
 * Karate icon.svg Martial arts
 * Athletics pictogram.svg Sport of athletics
 * Tennis ball.svg Tennis
 * Volleyball icon by Arthur Shlain.svg Volleyball

title: Portal:Association football


text:
Talk:Trade Union Centre of India

Trade union or federation?
Is Trade Union Centre of India a single trade union, or is it a federation of independent regional and/or sectoral/industry-based trade unions that have joined a common umbrella organisation? It is not entierly clear from the name and the article. / Alarm 15:07, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

its a 'Central TU Organisation', i.e. a federation of several unions. --Soman 19:45, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trade Union Centre of India


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Image:RNM10c.jpg

Fossils

This my own picture initially generated with a fractal generator and then enhaced in Paintshop. It's weird but quite engaging!

 * Self nomination and SUPPORT A curate's egg 15:08, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - fair use images are not candidates for FP. Also, I think the image is a little too odd to be illustrative of CG. --CVaneg 15:27, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - only public domain or GFDL images are eligible for Featured status. Kaldari 15:41, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing out the copyright status - this should be GFDL like all my piuctures - have changed it over. A curate's egg 17:07, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose - the image is just not very striking. I makes a person kind of go, "Wtf?" instead of making them think, "Wow, that's interesting!" or "Man, That is a beautiful picture!" -Hoekenheef 18:28, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose Nice pic, just not very special -- Chris 73 Talk 07:38, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but the pic looses almost all its interest when cropped, becoming way too blurry Oppose. Circeus 18:04, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The photoshopped effects are quite distracting, and thoroughly detracts from the natural beauty of a fractal. Enochlau 08:50, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

1 / 5 / 0 (16.7%) - Mailer Diablo 16:31, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:69.241.26.165

title: User talk:69.241.26.165


text:
Flat-field correction

Flat-field correction (FFC) is a digital imaging technique to mitigate the image detector pixel-to-pixel sensitivity and distortions in the optical path. It is a standard calibration procedure in everything from personal digital cameras to large telescopes.

Overview
Flat fielding refers to the process of compensating for different gains and dark currents in a detector. Once a detector has been appropriately flat-fielded, a uniform signal will create a uniform output (hence flat-field). This then means any further signal is due to the phenomenon being detected and not a systematic error.

A flat-field image is acquired by imaging a uniformly-illuminated screen, thus producing an image of uniform color and brightness across the frame. For handheld cameras, the screen could be a piece of paper at arm's length, but a telescope will frequently image a clear patch of sky at twilight, when the illumination is uniform and there are few, if any, stars visible. Once the images are acquired, processing can begin.

A flat-field consists of two numbers for each pixel, the pixel's gain and its dark current (or dark frame). The pixel's gain is how the amount of signal given by the detector varies as a function of the amount of light (or equivalent). The gain is almost always a linear variable, as such the gain is given simply as the ratio of the input and output signals. The dark-current is the amount of signal given out by the detector when there is no incident light (hence dark frame). In many detectors this can also be a function of time, for example in astronomical telescopes it is common to take a dark-frame of the same time as the planned light exposure. The gain and dark-frame for optical systems can also be established by using a series of neutral density filters to give input/output signal information and applying a least squares fit to obtain the values for the dark current and gain. $$C = \frac{(R - D)\times m}{(F-D)} = (R-D) \times G$$ where:
 * C = corrected image
 * R = raw image
 * F = flat field image
 * D = dark field or dark frame
 * m = image-averaged value of (F−D)
 * G = Gain = $$m\over(F-D)$$

In this equation, capital letters are 2D matrices, and lowercase letters are scalars. All matrix operations are performed element-by-element.

In order for an astrophotographer to capture a light frame, they must place a light source over the imaging instrument's objective lens such that the light source emanates evenly through the users optics. The photographer must then adjust the exposure of their imaging device (charge-coupled device (CCD) or digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) ) so that when the histogram of the image is viewed, a peak reaching about 40–70% of the dynamic range (maximum range of pixel values) of the imaging device is seen. The photographer typically takes 15–20 light frames and performs median stacking. Once the desired light frames are acquired, the objective lens is covered so that no light is allowed in, then 15–20 dark frames are taken, each of equal exposure time as a light frame. These are called Dark-Flat frames.

In X-ray imaging
In X-ray imaging, the acquired projection images generally suffer from fixed-pattern noise, which is one of the limiting factors of image quality. It may stem from beam inhomogeneity, gain variations of the detector response due to inhomogeneities in the photon conversion yield, losses in charge transport, charge trapping, or variations in the performance of the readout. Also, the scintillator screen may accumulate dust and/or scratches on its surface, resulting in systematic patterns in every acquired X-ray projection image. In X-ray computed tomography (CT), fixed-pattern noise is known to significantly degrade the achievable spatial resolution and generally leads to ring or band artifacts in the reconstructed images. Fixed pattern noise can be easily removed using flat field correction. In conventional flat field correction, projection images without sample are acquired with and without the X-ray beam turned on, which are referred to as flat fields (F) and dark fields (D). Based on the acquired flat and dark fields, the measured projection images (P) with sample are then normalized to new images (N) according to: $$ N = \frac{(P-D)}{(F-D)}$$

Dynamic flat field correction
While conventional flat field correction is an elegant and easy procedure that largely reduces fixed-pattern noise, it heavily relies on the stationarity of the X-ray beam, scintillator response and CCD sensitivity. In practice, however, this assumption is only approximately met. Indeed, detector elements are characterized by intensity dependent, nonlinear response functions and the incident beam often shows time dependent non-uniformities, which render conventional FFC inadequate. In synchrotron X-ray tomography, many factors may cause flat field variations: instability of the bending magnets of the synchrotron, temperature variations due to the water cooling in mirrors and the monochromator, or vibrations of the scintillator and other beamline components. The latter is responsible for the biggest variations in the flat fields. To deal with such variations, a dynamic flat field correction procedure can be employed that estimates a flat field for each individual projection. Through principal component analysis of a set of flat fields, which are acquired prior and/or posterior to the actual scan, eigen flat fields can be computed. A linear combination of the most important eigen flat fields can then be used to individually normalize each X-ray projection: $$N_j = \frac{P_j - \bar D}{\bar F + \sum_k w_{jk}u_k - \bar D}$$ where
 * $$N_j$$ = intensity normalized X-ray projection
 * $$P_j$$ = raw X-ray projection
 * $$\bar F$$ = mean flat field image (average of flat fields)
 * $$u_k$$ = k-th eigen flat field
 * $$w_{jk}$$ = weight of the eigen flat field $$u_k$$
 * $$\bar D$$ = mean dark field (average of dark fields)

title: Flat-field correction


text:
Talk:Afeni Shakur

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 April 2019 and 7 June 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Cquaye2. Peer reviewers: Hannah-ortloff.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 13:29, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Note
This is not a message board. To post message and phone numbers in the hope that the subject of the article will call you back is both deluded and innapropriate. Adidas 20:41, 24 September 2005 (UTC) Tupacs: son —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jhall14 (talk • contribs) 02:23, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

Post Tupac death work with the mother of Christopher Wallace
Someone more informed on the subject than I should add something to this article about her work and appearances with the mother of the Notorious B.I.G. at the various award shows and what not. If i'm not mistaken the two have gotten together several times to disuade more acts of violence. I think it would be a good addition to the article, unfortunately, i'm in no position to write it. Batman2005 20:06, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Afeni.jpg
Image:Afeni.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 15:56, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Birthdate
This article as it currently stands gives Shakur's birthdate as 16 May 1947. However, other sources available on the Internet give her birthdate as 10 Jan 1947, e.g. C. Gerald Fraser, Review of Jasmine Guy's Afeni Shakur: Evolution of a Revolutionary, in Black Issues Book Review 2004, available at ; that article criticizes the Guy book for omitting that information. Is there any authoritative source for the birthdate one way or another? KASchmidt (talk) 20:32, 10 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I would also like to point out that Ancestry of Tupac Shakur, a reference cited on the main page, also gives the January birthdate. KASchmidt (talk) 20:35, 10 January 2010 (UTC)
 * This article now gives a birthday of January 22nd. Is there any consensus? -KaJunl (talk) 19:48, 11 April 2015 (UTC)

Black Panther
This is mentioned in the intro paragraph with no explanation in the article itself. Can this be expanded upon? -KaJunl (talk) 19:47, 11 April 2015 (UTC)

Making changes to the citations and sources
This is in response to encyclopedia as an unreliable talk:talk) 9talk) 14:56, 04 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Hi Cquaye2. Welcome to Wikipedia. Have you looked over the information on your talk page?
 * Thefamouspeople.com is not a reliable source, and other sources look poor or unreliable. I'll review them in more detail as soon as I have time.
 * Please work in small edits with clear edit summaries. --Ronz (talk) 23:50, 4 June 2019 (UTC)
 * BGDBlog.org is not a reliable source. --Ronz (talk) 20:43, 5 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Cribb, Arielle G. Stories Of Gender And Injustices In The Cases Of Afeni Shakur, Angela Davis And Assata Shakur. Arielle Garden Cribb. Aug. 2009. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/13786/Cribb%2c%20Arielle.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y doesn't look reliable. --Ronz (talk) 20:47, 5 June 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Afeni Shakur


text:
Oberheim Matrix synthesizers

Oberheim Matrix synthesizers were a product line of subtractive analog synthesizers from Oberheim featuring a system of modulation which Oberheim called "Matrix Modulation" as a method of selecting and routing elements that dynamically shape various aspects of the sounds it produces. Matrix synthesizers continue to be popular due to their characteristic late-1980s analog sound and leading patching and filter capabilities.

These five products fall into two groups. The  Xpander is a six-voice rack-mount synthesizer with voltage-controlled oscillators and very flexible voltage-controlled filters. The Matrix-12 is in effect two Xpanders plus a keyboard. The second group consists of the Matrix-6 synthesizer, with DCOs, and much more standard filter capability. It had two rack-mount variants, the Matrix-6R (Matrix-6 without keyboard) and the Matrix-1000 (low cost preset version with extended memory).

title: Oberheim Matrix synthesizers


text:
Half-Decent Proposal

"Half-Decent Proposal" is the tenth episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 10, 2002. In the episode, Homer's snoring interferes with Marge's sleep. To earn money to cure Homer's snoring, Marge agrees to spend a weekend with Artie Ziff if he vows to not grope her as he did during their high-school prom date ("The Way We Was"). While spying on Marge and Artie, Homer mistakenly thinks they are making out, so he leaves with Lenny to work on an oil rig.

Although the episode was written by Tim Long, the idea for the episode was pitched by series' co-creator and executive producer James L. Brooks. The episode was directed by Lauren MacMullan, who ordered several complicated sequences from the animators, leading to some tensions among The Simpsons staff. The episode's plot and title is based on the 1993 film Indecent Proposal, and the episode also features references to M*A*S*H, Midnight Cowboy and Five Easy Pieces. The episode features Jon Lovitz as Artie Ziff, the first time he portrayed Ziff since the season 2 episode "The Way We Was".

In its original broadcast, the episode was seen by approximately 7.5 million viewers and finished in 36th place in the ratings the week it aired.

Since its original broadcast, "Half-Decent Proposal" has received mostly positive reviews from critics, some of whom considered it among the best episodes of the season. However, the episode has also been criticized for parodying Indecent Proposal nine years after its release, a criticism that the episode's showrunner Al Jean responded to in the episode's DVD commentary.

Plot
Marge grows irritated when Homer's loud snoring keeps her awake at night. Dr. Hibbert recommends an expensive surgery to correct the problem, but balks when Homer asks him to do it for free. While spending the night with Patty and Selma to get some sleep, Marge hears a news report that her old high school boyfriend, Artie Ziff, is now the fifth-richest man in the United States. She drunkenly dictates an e-mail to Artie to congratulate him on his success, but Patty and Selma turn it into a sexually provocative message, to Marge's horror.

Artie, who has been deeply obsessed with Marge since high school, flies to Springfield and makes the Simpsons an offer: $1 million to spend a weekend with Marge to show her what life would be like if they were married. Eventually Marge accepts the offer to cure Homer's snoring. At first she enjoys Artie's company, but during a re-enactment of their high school prom, he tricks her into making out against her will. While trying to sneak into the prom, Homer sees them kissing and is devastated, not knowing the exact circumstances. A furious Marge leaves Artie and returns home to find Homer gone and a taped message saying he has left Springfield with Lenny — similarly despondent over his relationship with Carl—to work at an oil field.

While working on an oil rig in West Springfield, Homer and Lenny accidentally set fire to an ant. The flames quickly spread and set the entire rig ablaze, endangering both men's lives. Bart tracks down Homer's location, worrying the entire family because West Springfield is a death trap. Marge puts aside her anger with Artie and calls him for help. He picks her up in his private helicopter and flies to West Springfield to save Homer and Lenny. At first they are reluctant to accept his help, but Artie admits defeat and tells Homer he could never win Marge's love, even with his fortune. Lenny is surprised to see Carl is also aboard the helicopter. He and Homer are saved just before the rig collapses.

Instead of paying the Simpsons $1 million, Artie gives Homer a device that converts his snoring to soothing music. The device also allows Artie to watch Marge through a hidden camera and deliver subliminal messages to persuade her to leave Homer which causes Marge to wake up in shock.

Production
"Half-Decent Proposal" was written by consulting producer Tim Long and directed by Lauren MacMullan. Serving as assistant director for MacMullan was Raymond Persi, who later became, according to current show-runner Al Jean, one of the series' "best regular directors". The episode was first broadcast on the Fox network in the United States on February 10, 2002. The idea for the episode was pitched by James L. Brooks, who is one of the series' co-creators and executive producers. He suggested an episode in which Artie Ziff returns and offers Homer a million dollars in exchange for spending a weekend with Marge, trying to convince her to divorce Homer. He also wanted the episode to parody the film Indecent Proposal. Ziff's wealth had been established in the season 4 episode "The Front", in which it was revealed that he had become "stinking rich". The setpiece of "Half-Decent Proposal", in which Homer's snoring is keeping Marge awake during the night, was pitched by Long's ex-girlfriend. Originally, at one point in the episode, there would be a sequence in which Homer travels to Silicon Valley in the wheel well of a jet. The sequence was based on a news story that the Simpsons writers were "really obsessed with". The episode was one of the first to suggest that Lenny and Carl have an intimate relationship. This revelation garnered scrutiny from the series' fans, who, according to Jean, were "very angry" over it.

"Half-Decent Proposal" was animated in a very complicated manner. In the DVD audio commentary for the episode, director MacMullan stated that a couple of sequences in the episode were "reaching too far" for the animation process to be "reassembled correctly". One example, she mentioned, is the scene in which Marge remembers Ziff's assault from "The Way We Was". Ziff's assault is shown as hands reaching for Marge, and was put together by MacMullan in post-production. Right after Marge's sisters Patty and Selma send an e-mail to Ziff, the e-mail's path is elaborately shown through a "trip through the computer wires". MacMullan stated that, even though she found the scene "illogical", she maintained that it was "done with great effort". Because the characters at Ziff's prom had to wear 1970s styled wardrobe, the animators had to come up with new designs for the character's clothes. Several of the designs were pitched and drawn by Ron Hauge, a former Simpsons writer who was responsible for coordinating character designs on the series for many years. The dance that Ziff performs at the prom was pitched by MacMullan, and the prom locale was drawn using a photo reference. A scene in the episode shows Homer and Lenny signing on to become oil workers. The manager who hands them a paper clip can be seen smoking, and originally, MacMullan suggested that the manager "puts his lit cigarette out in the [oil] can [next to him], and blows his other arm off." She pitched the idea to Jean, who responded by writing "I wouldn't." The episode's complicated and lengthy animation process was so strenuous that it led the Simpsons animators to start calling MacMullan "Lauren MacMultiplane".

"Half-Decent Proposal" features the return of Artie Ziff, and the first time since the season 2 episode "The Way We Was" that he was portrayed by American comedian Jon Lovitz. Even though Ziff appeared in the season 4 episode "The Front" as well, Lovitz was not available during the episode's recording session, and the character was instead voiced by Dan Castellaneta, who is one of the series' main cast members. Jean stated that Lovitz, who has voiced a variety of characters on The Simpsons before, is one of the staff's "favorite guest-stars". The episode also features the first and only appearance of Baron von Kissalot. In the episode, Marge is charged $912 for a taxi drive back to Springfield. She sarcastically tells the taxi driver to send the bill to "Baron von Kissalot", who turns out to be a real person. The character, which was pitched by former show runner David Mirkin and portrayed by Castellaneta, has become one of the writers' favorites and was series animation director Jim Reardon's favorite joke of the entire season. Castellaneta also voiced a couple of the ants who are put on fire at the oil tower. The Simpsons staff debated whether the ants would speak or make any sound at all, with series co-creator Matt Groening being notably hesitant to them being voiced.

Cultural references
The title, as well as the episode's premise, is based on the 1993 drama film Indecent Proposal and follows the story of the film loosely. The channel BHO is a reference to the real-life television network HBO. Moe's line "He [Artie Ziff] is like a spy in the house Moe" is based on the Anaïs Nin novel A Spy in the House of Love. The ball in Ziff's manor points back to a scene in the season 2 episode "The Way We Was", in which Marge danced with Ziff. Believing that Marge and Ziff will get married, Homer says that he'll "never be born" as a result, a similar problem faced by Marty McFly in Back to the Future. Comic Book Guy has several items of merchandise from the Star Wars franchise in his room, including sheets, pictures and a Jar Jar Binks doll.

During breakfast after Marge has had a sleepless night, she serves a stack of pancakes to Lisa who pulls out of the stack a syrup covered copy of Time magazine with "AOL Rules" on the front cover - a reference to the ill-fated AOL-Time Warner merger that had happened the year before. Nookie in New York, the TV show that Marge watches with her sisters, spoofs the TV series Sex and the City. When Marge leaves with Artie, she sees that Homer has spelled the words "Keep Your Clothes On" as a direct reference to the M*A*S*H series finale, "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen". In the video that Homer recorded for Marge, Homer holds two toys. The one in his left hand is a "Funzo", a fictional toy that first appeared in the season 11 episode "Grift of the Magi". The fictional area of "West Springfield" is modeled after the American state Texas (purposely once again a red-herring to where Springfield is based - it seems to be right next to Texas, until Lisa states that West Springfield is "Three times the size of Texas"). The scene in which Homer and Lenny are travelling to West Springfield is a reference to the last scene in the 1969 drama film Midnight Cowboy. The music heard during the scene is also made to resemble the theme from said film. The scene in which Homer and Lenny are working in an oil rig is a reference to the 1970 film Five Easy Pieces. The song produced by Artie's invention at the end of the episode is Sweet Dreams (Are Made Of This), originally by Eurythmics.

Release
In its original American broadcast on February 10, 2002, "Half-Decent Proposal" received a 7.1 rating, according to Nielsen Media Research, translating to approximately 7.5 million viewers. The episode finished in 36th place in the ratings for the week of February 4–10, 2002. On August 24, 2010, the episode was released part of The Simpsons: The Complete Thirteenth Season DVD and Blu-ray set. Al Jean, Ian Maxtone-Graham, Matt Selman, Tim Long, Dan Castellaneta, Lauren MacMullan, Matt Warburton and James Lipton participated in the audio commentary of the episode.

Six years after the episode's original broadcast, Robert Canning of IGN gave the episode a 9/10, describing it as "amazing". He especially liked Lovitz' performance Artie Ziff, calling it "pitch-perfect" and that one of his favourite lines "stands out" because of Lovitz's "great delivery". Canning also enjoyed the prom scene as well as Lenny and Carl's implied intimate relationship, which he described as "a completely unexpected treat". He summarized the episode as "top-notch" and wrote "The writing was smart and tight, and instead of a B storyline, the half-hour was filled out with a number of great throwaway gags [...] It's true we may have never expected to see Artie Ziff again, but "Half-Decent Proposal" was a welcome and very funny return."

In January 2010, following the conclusion of The Simpsons ' s twentieth season, IGN chose "Half-Decent Proposal" as the best episode from the thirteenth season, and following the thirteenth season's home video release, reviewer R.L. Shaffer called it one of the season's "gems [...] with good reason".

Both Michael Hikcerson of Slice of SciFi and Rosie Fletcher of Total Film considered "Half-Decent Proposal" to be one of the season's best episodes, with Fletcher calling it a "stand-out".

Casey Broadwater of Blu-ray.com gave it a positive review as well, describing it as a "strong character-centric episode".

However, giving the episode a mixed review, Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide called it "mediocre". Although he praised Lovitz' return as Ziff, and though he did not consider it to be one of the season's worst episodes, Jacobson criticized it for not "hav[ing] a lot of zing".

Ron Martin of 411Mania wrote a negative review, calling it a "yearly episode just with different tempters each time".

Adam Rayner of Obsessed with Film criticized the episode's references to Indecent Proposal, calling it a "rip-off" of the film. Furthermore, he wrote that the episode "manages to be worse [than] that dire movie [Indecent Proposal]."

Nate Boss of Project-Blu also criticized the episode's similarity to Indecent Proposal, calling it "late to the party". He wrote: "Like South Park imitating the WWE in its 13th year, about 12 years past when it hit its prime, The Simpsons makes an Indecent Proposal themed episode." Boss also described the episode as "played out," and criticized it for having "unfunny characters (Artie Ziff), who appear far more often than they should."

In the DVD commentary for the episode, Jean defended The Simpsons ' writers' choice to base the episode's story on Indecent Proposal, nine years after the movie was released. He argued that rather than lampooning a current film that will get parodied on other television shows anyway, it is more "interesting" to make an episode based on a story that "people may not be familiar with".

title: Half-Decent Proposal


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Talk:Doctor Who Confidential

Webcast Links
I'm no specialist on this subject, so this comment may be unnecessary, but it may be of some use: trying out the webcast links just now (both from here and from the DWC page), I found the following:

 * Episodes 1, 2 and 3 don't seem to be there at all.
 * Episodes 4, 5, 6, 12 and 13 are the full-length programmes.
 * Episodes 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 are the shorter Cut-down programmes.

Loganberry (Talk) 03:39, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmm. It seems that BBC have removed the links for 1, 2 and 3, and substituted the shorter ones for the rest. The links were to whatever they had on-line, so not sure what can be done to "fix" it. --khaosworks 03:47, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * Episodes 1, 2 and 3 are now available again, from here, and all appear to be the full-length versions. However, the direct links to those files from this article don't appear to work properly. Loganberry (Talk) 29 June 2005 01:25 (UTC)

 * Fixed it. throup  ✆   ✍  22:32, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

The webcast links are now dead and should be removed. 122.108.156.100 (talk) 11:09, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

Doctor Who Confidential - Episode 211
The Doctor Who Confidential Desktop at the Official BBC Site lists the title for episode 11 as 'Scream', however the episode shows the title of 'The Fright Stuff' on the broadcasted program. 'The Fright Stuff' is also the episode title for the Doctor Who Confidential Article.

Which reference do we use for the programme's title?

Liyster 07:48, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

Torchwood Declassified
Is it worth making a reference to the Torchwood Declassifieds? A partner series of sorts.

I'm editing at the moment, I'll make a reference Shealer 09:06, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Missing episode from list - Episode 42½
I've noticed a missing episode in the episode list. It's from the 2007 Children In Need special Dr Who episode "Time Crash". This episode of Confidential is mentioned in the wikipedia article for Time Crash  Snickkers (talk) 07:06, 19 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't think this was actually billed as Doctor Who Confidential. I think it was made by the same team, but it was only billed online as "Behind the scenes" - I think it could get a mention in the "Other Shows in Confidential Format" section, though (Etron81 (talk) 16:06, 21 March 2008 (UTC))
 * I've just re-watched the episode, and the intro/title sequence definitely shows the Doctor Who Confidential brand/logo. Is there a reason why it would be omitted from this list? I mean, are there Confidential fansites that maintain episode lists which number the episodes 1-51 which we're adopting here, or is the 1-51 convention only for wikipedia? I notice that this episode 42½ I'm talking about is not on the bbc Confidential website - that's a fair argument, except that there are other Confidential episodes which are also missing from the BBC website, but which have been included and numbered in this wikipedia article.Snickkers (talk) 07:06, 19 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Ah, so it does - that's what happens when one relies on memory! - I would have no objection to it's addition then Etron81 (talk) 18:08, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

Backstage at Christmas: numbered?
Should this DVD-only episode be numbered along with the aired episodes? Or should it, like the Time Crash one not have one as it wasn't aired on TV? Etron81 (talk) 17:23, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Page Updated
Just to let you know, i have updated the greatest moments and 2009 specials sections appropriately. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.163.175.127 (talk) 18:24, 27 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Sorry I had to revert, but the sources you include are not reliable. Also, the links you removed still work. — Edokter  •  Talk  • 15:37, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

Hello, have updated the page appropriately, without removing the links to series 1. all edits have been explained in the short edit summaries. all references included reliable. all changes made have reasons why. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.163.175.127 (talk) 18:10, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

 * No matter how many times you repeat these edits, and no matter how well you explain them, you keep making the same mistakes of adding The Sun as an (unreliable) source, replacing the already valid sources. Also, there are several style issues, such as Camel Casing. In short, please leave the current formatting as it is; there is nothing wrong with it. — Edokter • Talk  • 21:35, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

My Proposed changes.
hello, i have some proposed changes i would like to make to the page: —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.163.175.127 (talk) 09:10, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Hello I've reformatted your post to make it a bit easier to respond to. Please note that repeated = are used to create headers. Maccy69 (talk) 14:04, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

Series 1
For "a new dimension" and "the ultimate guide", change the descriptions from "preview" and "episodes 1-12" to "preview of series 1" and "review of series 1", both written in small to indicate they don't relate to a specific episode. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.163.175.127 (talk) 09:10, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

 * That's unnecessary as it's self evident that they don't refer to a specific episode, you'd just be adding extra words with no increase of clarity. Maccy69 (talk) 14:04, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

Series 2
For "one year on", change the description from "-" to "aftermath of series 1", written in small to indicate it doesn't relate to a specific episode. For "music and monsters", put the episodes it relates to in small to keep the table looking nice. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.163.175.127 (talk) 09:10, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Again, this is self-evident. "Aftermath" is also terrible wording. Maccy69 (talk) 14:04, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

Series 3
For "designs on doctor who", change the description from "Series 3, Torchwood" to "making series 3 and torchwood", written in small to indicate it doesn't relate to a specific episode. For "confidential at christmas", put the episodes it relates to in small to keep the table looking nice. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.163.175.127 (talk) 09:10, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Obvious that it's not a specific episode, once more. The Confidential at Christmas entry looks fine as it is. Maccy69 (talk) 14:04, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

Series 4
For "the eleventh doctor", change the description from "None" to "introducting Matt Smith", written in small to indicate it doesn't relate to a specific episode. For "top 5 christmas moments", put the episodes it relates to in small to keep the table looking nice. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.163.175.127 (talk) 09:10, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Obvious that it's about Matt Smith. Table looks fine as is. Maccy69 (talk) 14:04, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

2009 Specials
For "best cybermen moments", change order with planet of the dead and change airdate from "dvd only" to "13 april 2009" (the dvd release date). make the episodes it relates to small to keep the table looking nice. change "allons-y" to "allons-Y!", which is how the episode is written on the mock dvd sleeve for it's release. include the david tennant introductions on "the cybermen collection" and "the dalek collection", as they use the confidential theme tune and format, and were produced by the same producers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.163.175.127 (talk) 09:10, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

 * No need for small text. A DVD release date is not an airdate. I've changed the title from "Allons-y" to "Allons-y!" on the basis of the Radio Times - I think we can take that to be the correct title now. No opinion of the Tennant intros except that they don't sound much like Confidentials to me. Maccy69 (talk) 14:04, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

Greatest Moments
Make greatest moments a seperate section from the 2009 specials. put the titles of the cut-down episodes below the original episodes in small writing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.163.175.127 (talk) 09:10, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

 * They currently have a separate section. I agree about making the cut-down titles smaller. I've just reworded the paragraph above to make it a bot clearer to what the separate titles refer. Maccy69 (talk) 14:04, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

Hope to hear what you say on the matter. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.163.175.127 (talk) 09:10, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

I changed the order of the episodes focusing on the companions because the episode about Donna was shown before the episode about Martha (http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00npkf3). 'Rose' was episode 4, 'Donna' was episode 5 and 'Martha' was episode 6, so I adjusted the order accordingly. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.106.172.74 (talk) 09:59, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

List of Episodes
Da movie kid has made List of Doctor Who Confidential episodes - and we still have the episodes listed here - should we have the separate page or not? If they have their own page, they prolly shouldn't all be listed out here... Etron81 (talk) 19:28, 6 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Redirected to this article. — Edokter • Talk  • 11:29, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose that Doctor Who Greatest Moments be merged into Doctor Who Confidential. I believe that the information in Doctor Who Greatest Moments, already mostly duplicated here, does not deserve its own article; it is not notable enough to stand alone, when the information can easily be included here - we eb il oo bi l  ( talk ) 10:51, 14 November 2010 (UTC)
 * It started out as a redirect, so I restored the redirect. — Edokter • Talk  • 11:02, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

Missing Section: 2010 Red Button specials
Specifically, days 1 through 4 (see http://trakt.tv/show/doctor-who-confidential/specials under Special 16-19). Confidential itself isn't named, nor is there an intro, but Charlie's intros each have "Doctor Who Confidential" logos behind him, and the format is similar. 99.243.22.211 (talk) 22:38, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

Axed?!?
This is just disgraceful. And sad. This is upsetting me so much. Are we sure this is true? Or is this just an ugly story made up by idiotic newspapers? Please answer. 90.193.177.35 (talk) 14:41, 28 September 2011 (UTC)
 * It was the BBC itself that announced it. Sorry. 68.146.80.110 (talk) 14:42, 28 September 2011 (UTC)

Season 5 - Mini episodes by a young guy
During the Season 5 it seems to me that there were 3 or 4 mini web episodes of Confidential made by a young guy, a blogger or something. Does that ring any bell ? Hektor (talk) 09:52, 6 October 2011 (UTC)

BBC America specials don't belong here
There's a section called "2011 Specials" that needs to either be removed or moved to a different section. Doctor Who Confidential has nothing to do with the "Best of the Doctor" specials produced by and for BBC America. 70.72.223.215 (talk) 18:06, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

Agreed - they're a separate deal, separate production etc --193.128.105.36 (talk) 11:42, 15 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks for pointing that out. It's been removed from this article. DonQuixote (talk) 12:44, 15 August 2012 (UTC)

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Armand Hammer United World College of the American West

UWC-USA (legally named the Armand Hammer United World College of the American West) is a United World College school in San Miguel County, New Mexico, United States. It was founded in 1982 by businessman Armand Hammer. UWC-USA is a two-year, independent, co-educational boarding school accredited by the Independent Schools Association of the Southwest.

History
American mogul Armand Hammer's The Armand Hammer Foundation purchased the property to establish a United World College in the United States in 1981. Major renovations of existing buildings preceded the school's opening in the fall of 1982, an event that was attended by HM King Charles III, then HRH Charles, Prince of Wales, and president of the United World Colleges movement at the time. The school's founding president was Theodore D. Lockwood, who served from 1982 until 1993. Philip O. Geier served as president from 1993 until 2005, when he passed the reins to Lisa A. H. Darling, whose presidency ended in 2013. The school's fourth president was Dr. Mukul Kumar '89, an alumnus and leader in international education, who left the school in 2016. The school is currently led by Dr. Victoria Mora, born in Albuquerque, a mother as well as a former Dean of the Santa Fe campus of St. John's College.

In 1998, the school's endowment was significantly increased through the generosity of investment manager Shelby M.C. Davis and his wife Gale. Their gift today secures the largest block of the school's student scholarships and provides $25,000 scholarships for all Americans who attend this school (or any other UWC) after being admitted by the U.S. national committee. Their initial gift of $45 million in 1998 was, at the time, the largest private donation ever made to international education.

In late 2007, The Wall Street Journal identified UWC-USA as one of the world's top 20 schools for its success in preparing students to enter top American universities. In 2010, UWC-USA was ranked a “Top Ten Program” by U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy.

Location
The school, in the foothills of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, is located at 35.65417°N, -105.28111°W in the town of Montezuma, New Mexico, just northwest of the city of Las Vegas, New Mexico, about 70 mi from Santa Fe.

The campus includes the historic Montezuma Castle.

Notable alumni

 * Sal Lavallo, American traveller
 * Lousewies van der Laan, Dutch politician
 * Michael Sugar, producer of Spotlight, winner of Academy Award for Best Film, 2016
 * Philippe Wamba, American journalist
 * Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece
 * Richard Rowley, film director
 * Giulio Regeni, Italian student abducted and tortured to death in Egypt.
 * Iqbaal Ramadhan, Indonesian actor
 * Emma Tucker, editor of The Sunday Times and The Wall Street Journal
 * Pinar Karaca-Mandic, health economist
 * Paul Grimes, Senior Australian Public Servant
 * Gina Neff, American sociologist and author
 * David Rueda, professor of politics and economics at Oxford University