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Vehicle license plates of the United States

In the United States, vehicle registration plates, known as license plates, are issued by a department of motor vehicles, an agency of the state or territorial government, or in the case of the District of Columbia, the district government. Some Native American tribes also issue plates. The U.S. federal government issues plates only for its own vehicle fleet and for vehicles owned by foreign diplomats. Until the 1980s, diplomatic plates were issued by the state in which the consulate or embassy was located.

The appearances of plates are frequently chosen to contain symbols, colors, or slogans associated with the issuing jurisdiction. The term license plate is frequently used in statutes, although in some areas tag is informally used. The official three letter DSIT (coinciding with its ISO code) international code attributed to the United States is USA.

, the federal government and forty states use prison labor to produce their license plates.

Serial formats
Plate designs often contain symbols, colors, or slogans associated with the issuing jurisdiction. Registration number formats, typically alphanumeric, are designed to provide enough unique numbers for all motor vehicles a jurisdiction expects to register. For example, the small states of Delaware and Rhode Island are able to use formats of 123456, while California uses the seven-character format 1ABC234, and several other populous states use seven-character ABC-1234 or AB-12345 formats. Other formats include those that incorporate a county coding system (e.g. Vehicle registration plates of Idaho) or a month of expiration into the plate number.

Non-passenger vehicle plates tend to have a separate design, including a special numbering format.

Designs
In the United States, many states distinguish their license plates through distinctive color schemes and logos, which persist over time. For example, the cowboy logo often associated with the state of Wyoming has appeared on that state's license plates continuously since 1936. Some early Tennessee plates were produced in a parallelogram shape approximating that of the state. Arizona has had the slogan "Grand Canyon State" on its license plates since 1939. Illinois has had the slogan “Land of Lincoln” on its license plates since 1954. North Carolina has had the slogan “First in Flight” on its license plates since 1982.

Vermont license plates have frequently featured a green and white color scheme, while Alaska has preferred yellow and blue. Other states and territories, such as California and Virginia, offer simpler schemes, often with a white background and little decoration.

Florida, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia have placed the address of the state's official or tourism web site on their general issue plates. Most plates in the District of Columbia contain the phrase "Taxation without representation" to highlight the District's lack of a voting representative in Congress.

As of 2023, the four oldest plate designs in use – each with slight to moderate cosmetic changes since inception – are that of Delaware (in production since 1959), Colorado (since 1960, continuously since 1978), the District of Columbia (since 1975) and Minnesota (since 1978).

Printing of registration number
Typically, the registration number is embossed – or, more rarely, impressed – onto the license plate. Other identifying information, such as the name of the issuing jurisdiction and the vehicle class, can be either surface-printed or embossed; Virginia, for example, does the former for passenger cars and the latter for most non-passenger vehicles. However, it is increasingly common in the U.S. for the registration number to be surface-printed using digital printing technology. Colorado, Hawaii, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, Oregon, and Washington do so only for certain types of license plates, such as vanity plates and special issues; Alabama, Arizona, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wyoming, and the District of Columbia have switched to the so-called flat-plate technology for all their license plates with Rhode Island being the latest, changing in January 2023. Nevada formerly issued flat plates but has returned to making embossed plates. Delaware license plates have not been embossed for several decades. Wyoming normally issues flat plates but also issues embossed license plates for an extra fee.

In 2018, California started a pilot program in which the city of Sacramento issued license plates on battery-powered digital displays, for an extra fee. The registration number is displayed on an electronic paper screen that can theoretically update itself to display different messages. The license plate itself is also equipped with a beacon that can be tracked in case the car associated with the plate is stolen.

License plates originally were not embossed, but were merely flat plates in various forms, typically rectangular. In the 1930s the states found that the plates could be easily forged, and subsequently began embossing plates to thwart counterfeiting.

Plate sizes
In 1956, U.S. states and Canadian provinces came to an agreement with the Automobile Manufacturers Association that fixed the size of all passenger vehicle plates at 6 by, with mounting holes spaced 7 in, although the dimensions may vary slightly by jurisdiction. In North America, only Greenland (a Danish autonomous territory) and Saint Pierre and Miquelon (a French overseas territory) have not adopted these standards, as they use European standards instead (although the Northwest Territories has a plate shaped like a polar bear that is cut out of a standard rectangular plate). Smaller-sized plates are used for motorcycles and, in some jurisdictions, mopeds and certain types of trailers and construction equipment. Motorcycle plates are not standardized but have mostly come to be 4 by in nearly every state by the 1980s, with the exception of Minnesota, which still uses 4+3/16 by, with the most recent state to change being Maryland in 2008, which was previously 4+1/2 by. Furthermore, the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico issues European sized plates for an extra fee.

Showing current registration on plates

Historically, license plates were replaced every year. Today, the most common practice is to issue new validation stickers every year or two, to indicate that the vehicle registration is still valid.

Expired vehicle registrations may attract the attention of law enforcement, because indicators of an expired plate, such as an old or invalid sticker, give officers probable cause to lawfully initiate a traffic stop. A delinquent registration tag is often an indicator that the vehicle's owner has failed to comply with the applicable law regarding emission inspection or insurance or that the vehicle's owner has unpaid traffic or parking tickets. Most states historically required all license plates to be replaced every few years; that practice is being abandoned by many states because of the expense of continually producing large numbers of plates. Washington stopped the practice of mandatory replacement in 2015. Maryland previously mandated that all license plates be replaced every five years (except for apportioned trailers, which were registered on an eight-year schedule), but has not done so since 1986.

In jurisdictions that use validation stickers on the plate, the month and year of expiration may be separated into two decals, or issued in a single sticker. For example, North Carolina previously issued separate month and year decals, but recently switched to a single sticker. In others, such as Texas, the plate's validation is a decal displayed from the inside of the windshield. The colors of plate stickers and windshield decals often change annually, to support enforcement of registration laws.

Most validation stickers are either serialized (with the serial number recorded on the registration), or are printed by a special printer at the time of registration or renewal with the vehicle's license plate number on them to discourage fraudulent sticker use, as the sticker will be valid only for the plate for which it was intended. In the District of Columbia, the license plate is validated with a windshield sticker that indicates the expiration date in MM/DD/YY format, the license plate number, the year and make of vehicle, and part of the vehicle identification number, allowing easier fraud detection, in addition to serving as a parking permit for neighborhood residents.

New York, Texas, and the District of Columbia use windshield stickers exclusively, rather than plate stickers, for most vehicle classes. Their registration stickers include the month and year of expiration (and, in the District of Columbia, the day) in large type, so that an expired registration windshield sticker is obvious. In 2015, Texas eliminated the requirement to display a windshield vehicle inspection decal with the registration. Connecticut switched to windshield stickers in September 2006, and in August 2010, eliminated registration stickers completely, primarily to reduce costs. New Jersey required the use of plate decals for a few years, beginning with November 2000 expiration dates, but has not required them on passenger cars since October 1, 2004. New Jersey passenger vehicles do not display any registration information other than the license plate itself.

Pennsylvania issued validation stickers for Philadelphia residents that were displayed in the lower left corner of cars' rear windows for a few years to thwart sticker theft from plates; the practice ended in late 2003 with the last issued stickers bearing January 2005 expirations. As of January 2017, Pennsylvania no longer issues any registration stickers.

In Hawaii, counties compete over the cost of vehicle registration dues. Vehicles are purchased at a discount on Oahu compared to the neighboring islands where there is usually only one dealer per vehicle make. Because the outlying counties issue plates starting with M (Maui County), K (Kauai), or H (Big Island of Hawaii), the source of the vehicle can be identified.

In Michigan, Minnesota, and Washington state, license plate registration stickers are often called "tabs."

Life cycle
Under state laws, when a person moves to a new state with the intent to remain indefinitely, they are required to register personal vehicles in the new state. The new state will then issue a plate or plates that must be attached to the vehicle. One significant exception is active duty military service members; under federal law, they do not change their legal residence (domicile) upon moving to a new posting and are not obliged to obtain new vehicle registrations. Undergraduate students attending college or university in a state outside their state of legal residence are also typically exempted from transferring their registration, while graduate students are typically not exempt. Louisiana does not extend this privilege to leased vehicles used by students, and requires local registration. A few other states, such as New York, allow, although do not require, out-of-state students to register their vehicles in state.

When a vehicle is sold, the disposition of the license plates depends on state law and varies by state. In some states, license plates are transferred with the vehicle to its new owner. In other states, the license plates remain with the seller, who may, for a fee, transfer the license plates and any unused portion of the current registration to a new vehicle. Some states issue a new plate whenever the car is sold.

There are different schemes for reissuing license plates, a process known as "replating". In some jurisdictions, plates are issued on a permanent basis and are not replaced unless the owner requests a new plate or a remake of the current plate if the jurisdiction offers remakes. Other jurisdictions re-plate on a rolling basis, replacing a particular motorist's plate when it reaches a certain age. Still other jurisdictions may recall a particular series of plates for reissuance at regular or irregular intervals. This is particularly common in jurisdictions in which only one license plate series or design is valid at any given time. Optional-issue plates may or may not follow the same rules for replacement as standard-issue plates, depending on the jurisdiction. New plates may also be required when the existing plates are so physically degraded as to be illegible. Some states with county coding such as Nebraska or Mississippi may use replating to reset a format to prevent it from being exhausted.

In North Carolina in 2006, the legislature voted to require over 500,000 older plates to be recalled and replaced when a new design was introduced in 2007.

Mounting

For passenger vehicle registrations, U.S. states require vehicles to display either one or two license plates (e.g., at the rear of the vehicle only or on the front and rear). In states that require two plates, limited exceptions may exist that allow for only a single plate to be displayed, such as for registration of commercial vehicles, government owned vehicles, diplomatic owned vehicles, dealer owned vehicles, or historic vehicles. In states like Missouri and California, two-plate jurisdictions, certain truck registrations actually require a single plate to be displayed, on the front of the vehicle only, leaving the rear with no license plate, while in California vehicles with occupational plates (dealers, dismantlers, etc.) only require one plate on the rear of a vehicle that would otherwise require two plates.

Some common exceptions include trailers, which are issued only one plate, even in states that otherwise issue two plates to all passenger vehicles, while certain other non-passenger types, such as apportioned, may be issued in pairs even in states that otherwise issue only rear plates to passenger vehicles. Pennsylvania, for example, requires a front plate for semi-trailer trucks. Some vanity and specialty plates in Arizona and Kansas are issued in pairs, but only the rear plate is required on the vehicle; the front plate is free and fully optional.

In January 2012, the Texas legislature inadvertently removed the penalty for driving without a front license plate. As a result, the law required front and rear license plates on passenger vehicles, but stated no penalty for non compliance. Realizing the mistake, the legislature eventually reinstated the $200 fine in September 2013.

Massachusetts is a unique case for license plate mounting as, under state law, motorists with Massachusetts registrations must display all plates issued to them. Before the introduction of the current "Spirit of America" base starting in 1986 for commercial vehicles, as well as vanity plates in 1988 for all other vehicles, the state issued only a single green-on-white plate to be mounted on the rear bumper. With the current-issue base, two plates are issued and are to be mounted on both the front and rear bumpers. In 2017, an estimated 900,000 drivers had plates on the green-on-white base.

In Nevada, all motor vehicles, with the exception of motorcycles and trailers, are issued two license plates. According to state law, most standard passenger vehicles issued two plates are required to display them on both the front and rear bumpers of the vehicle. Display of the front license plate, however, is optional for vehicles that either were not designed to have a front plate, or the manufacturer did not provide a plate bracket or other means for front display of a license plate. As a result, the law to display both the front and rear plates is rarely enforced, and it is not uncommon for owners of vehicles with Nevada license plates to remove the manufacturer-supplied front license plate brackets from their vehicles and display only the rear plate. In 2015, the Wyoming State Legislature amended state law, similar to Nevada, to remove the requirement that a front license plate be displayed on vehicles that either are not specifically designed to have a front plate, or the manufacturer did not provide a plate bracket or other means for front display of a license plate. The Nebraska Legislature amended state law in a similar manner in 2016. In 2017, the Montana State Legislature also amended state law in a similar manner, exempting such passenger vehicles from displaying a front plate but requiring motorists to first obtain approval from the Montana Highway Patrol.

South Dakota will issue passenger vehicles a single rear plate for a $25 fee, but only if the vehicle will be driven less than 6000 mi every year.

In 2016, the Iowa General Assembly attempted to pass a law that exempts "vintage" vehicles and two-seat, low-profile sports cars, like Corvettes, from the front license plate requirement. Originally, the bill was meant to repeal the front license plate requirement for all vehicles, but was amended as a compromise. The bill was later withdrawn.

In April 2019, the Ohio General Assembly amended state law to require the display of only a rear license plate starting in July 2020, marking the first time since World War II that Ohio has not had front plates.

In 2022, the Alaska State Legislature passed a law stating only one license plate would be issued per vehicle.

Temporary and transit registrations

When a person buys a vehicle from a dealer, the dealer is typically authorized to issue a temporary registration to allow the buyer to drive the vehicle until the government agency in charge of vehicle registration processes the registration forms.

Similarly, when a person buys a vehicle outside their state or province of residence, they can usually obtain a "transit registration" from the authorities of the state or province where the purchase took place. This transit registration will allow the new owner to drive the vehicle and to properly register and obtain license plates for the vehicle from their state or province of residence.

The physical indicia of such temporary or transit registrations can take a variety of forms, such as:
 * a paper, cardboard, or lightweight plastic license plate, to be removed at the end of the temporary registration period (typically a set number of days, e.g., 15, 30, or 45 days);
 * a standard metal license plate with temporary validation, in which case the government agency needs to issue only a validation sticker rather than a license plate; or
 * a form or decal to be applied to a window of the vehicle.

Vanity plates
In each of the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, motorists are given the option of extra-cost vanity plates (also known as personalized or prestige plates), which are license plates with a custom serial (sequence of letters and/or numbers). Generally, vanity plates may not contain profane or obscene messages, although standards as to what constitutes an unacceptable message vary widely among issuing jurisdictions. Namely, the state of Maine has no censorship of vanity plates at all, provided they do not promote hate or violence. In California, motorists may order symbols – a heart, hand, plus sign, or star – on one type of specialty plate. Other states, such as New Hampshire and North Carolina, also permit the use of certain punctuation symbols. The state of Virginia offers more than 200 unique designs for license plates. A tenth of all U.S. vanity plates are in Virginia (which has 1.6 million vanity plate registrations), giving it the highest concentration of vanity plates issued by a state.

Certain classes of vanity plates may require proof of authorization, such as a person obtaining an amateur radio plate with their call sign must show their amateur radio license. Persons obtaining disabled veteran or Medal of Honor or Purple Heart medal recipients must show proof of their disability and military service or their award of the specific medal, respectively.

Vanity plates sometimes cause unexpected difficulties for their owners which contains messages that are otherwise default filler text in state and federal computer systems. In 1979, a Los Angeles resident received 2,500 parking citations from throughout the state because the DMV's computers matched his plate, “NULL", with citations for cars without license plates. Other such cases have been reported for plates that say "MISSING", "NOTAG", "VOID", "NONE" and "XXXXXXX".

Vanity plate lawsuits
Restrictions in the messages allowed on vanity plates have led to some major court cases. In 2001, Paula Perry, a state administrator, sued the Vermont DMV when her plate, SHTHPNS, was recalled. In another case from New Hampshire, the state attempted to recall the plate "PB4WEGO", but the owner of the plates successfully appealed.

Low-digit plates
Delaware's three-digit plates can bring $50,000 and two-digit plates can bring upwards of $400,000. These estimates have sometimes been exceeded: in 2008, plate number 6 brought $675,000 at auction, and in 2018, plate number 20 fetched $410,000 at auction. Bids have come from around the world, even though only drivers with Delaware licenses and residency can legally own the plates.

In Rhode Island, license plates with low serial numbers have been distributed by politicians and have become known as status symbols. The Rhode Island Governor's office instituted an official lottery for so-called "preferred plates" in 1995.

Low-digit, all-numeric plates are also available in Massachusetts, Illinois, and Washington, D.C. In these places, low-digit plates are seen as status symbols. In Illinois, as in Rhode Island, low-digit plates can also be distributed by politicians.

Specialty plates
In some jurisdictions, vehicle owners may also pay extra for specialty plates. With these, the plate serial is chosen by the licensing agency – as with regular plates – but the owners select a plate design that is different from the normal license plate. For example, an alumnus or student of a university or college might purchase a plate with the school's logo, or an outdoorsman might decide to pay extra for a plate depicting a nature scene. A portion of the extra cost of these license plates often ends up as a donation for a related school or non-profit organization.

Some jurisdictions allow for some or all of their specialty plates to also be vanity plates, usually for an additional fee on top of the cost of the plate.

States may also provide commemorative plates as a standard issue, for example for a state's 100th or 125th anniversary.

Types
Normally such specialty plates     can be purchased without proof of any particular status or affiliation, exceptions being plates which indicate membership or abilities of use in an emergency (e.g., firefighter, police, EMT, amateur radio operator). Also, some states require that university or college plates be ordered through alumni associations. Other specialty plates include those for motorists with specific accomplishments or backgrounds; for example, a veteran who was a prisoner of war or a Purple Heart recipient may obtain a POW or Purple Heart specialty plate, respectively, after presenting documentation of his or her status to the registrar. In many jurisdictions, there is no charge (or at least no extra charge) for such a plate, in recognition of the veteran's service.

Because specialty plates are government issued, they are required under First Amendment issues to be issued as a type to any group or organization that qualifies under the same terms as any other group to be issued a type of plate. The State of Maryland was going to revoke permission for use of the Confederate flag from a certain plate by the Sons of Confederate Veterans, but a court ruled that the only way the state could do that was to revoke permission on all specialty plates. All U.S. states offer specialized license plates for licensed amateur radio operators, in many cases at no extra charge or at a discount compared to standard vanity plates. In some states statutes regarding amateur radio plates were enacted decades prior to vanity plate programs. Among the stated reasons in various state statutes for providing special amateur radio plates are to recognize amateur radio operators for their service, and to enhance visibility of amateur radio operators in an emergency. The owner's radio call sign is used instead of a standard-issue serial. Texas allows radio amateurs to have their call sign on the license plates of multiple vehicles that they own, in effect allowing more than one vehicle to share the same license plate number. As Amateur Radio call signs are standardized under the FCC and internationally under the ITU, it is highly plausible such registrations would not just be unique in the issuing state, but rather the entire country and internationally (a possible example of a de facto national license plate).

Examples
One example of a specialty license plate was a plate issued in 1987 by the state of Florida to commemorate the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. Proceeds benefit the Astronauts Memorial Foundation, and funded the construction and maintenance of the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Merritt Island, Florida. The current version of the plate, and the second revision since its inception, introduced in 2004, commemorates both Challenger and Columbia. It remained the most popular of all of Florida's specialty plates until it was overtaken by a plate to support the critically endangered Florida panther. In 2006, it was outsold by a plate for the University of Florida. Florida currently offers 122 specialty plates, but Texas leads the nation in specialty plates with 360 designs followed by Virginia with 340.

There also exist standard-issue specialty plates. For instance, a number of states issued plates recognizing the U.S. Bicentennial in 1976. Several states have also issued plates commemorating milestones in their own state, such as when, in 1998, Alaska celebrated the Centennial of the Klondike Gold Rush with new license plates showing prospectors on the trail to the Yukon. Tennessee commemorated its 1996 bicentennial celebration by issuing standard plates labelled "BicenTENNial" in the place of the state's name; these plates remained standard issue until 2001, five years after the celebration had ended. States often issue plates with their motto or slogan, such as North Carolina's "First in Flight" and Ohio's "Birthplace of Aviation". These are arguably also general commemorative items. By law, all plates issued in Alabama must contain the words "Heart of Dixie" inside a small heart symbol. Over the years, due to sensitivities over the word "Dixie", the symbol (which currently resides in white letters inside a red heart) has been shrunken to the minimum size. In protest, proponents of the "Heart of Dixie" slogan often buy third-party decals with the slogan in much larger text, placing them over the current "Stars Fell On" slogan at the top of the plates.

New Jersey offers an optional "animal friendly" license plate. The second generation of this plate was first issued in 2001 and features characters from the comic strip Mutts by Patrick McDonnell. A portion of the revenue from the plates goes to the New Jersey State Department of Health's Animal Population Control Program. Some states where stock car racing is popular issue special NASCAR-themed plates; a NASCAR fan can purchase a plate with the name and car number of his or her favorite driver, along with the state-issued alphanumeric sequence. Here, a portion of the extra cost goes to NASCAR as compensation for licensing its trademarks. States offering NASCAR plates featuring designs for different drivers are Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and West Virginia; Florida issues one NASCAR-themed plate.

In Indiana, a pilot program allows large fleet vehicle operators to customize an Indiana license plate specific to their organization. The United Parcel Service is the first such fleet operator to take advantage of this offering. This kind of specialty plate can only be purchased by the owner of the fleet and is not considered a general issue plate.

Because of the ubiquitousness of license plates, special plates – or even regular ones – can raise controversy. The state of Colorado, in recognition of the Columbine High School massacre, released a license plate with the picture of the eponymous state flower, the Columbine, with the words "Respect Life." Some people complained that they felt the "Respect Life" saying was intended to be an anti-abortion message. Sometimes even ordinary plates can spark controversy. For instance, George Maynard did not like the state motto on his New Hampshire license plate, "Live free or die", because he and his wife felt it repugnant to their beliefs as Jehovah's Witnesses and chose to cover it with tape. He was prosecuted and convicted for defacing a license plate. The United States Supreme Court ruled in Wooley v. Maynard, 430 U.S. 705 (1977), that since one is compelled to have a license plate on one's vehicle, they are permitted not to have to show a message from the state to which they have a moral objection, and overturned his conviction.

Restrictions
In New Jersey, people convicted of drunk driving can be banned from using vanity plates. In Ohio, convicted drunk drivers are mandated to drive with “Party Plates”, special red-on-yellow license plates in exchange for limited driving privileges such as work. In Georgia and Minnesota, drunk drivers may be ordered to display a plate with a special numbering system indicating restricted driving privileges. These are referred to as "Whiskey Plates" in Minnesota.

Confederate States–affinity plates
Nine U.S. states have issued commemorative or affinity license plates for the Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV) as a result of a national campaign for approval of plates commemorating the Confederate States. Starting in the late 1990s, the SCV took various states to court and each time won the right to issue plates and include their Confederate Battle Flag–based logo on the basis it was a free speech issue. However, the 2015 Supreme Court decision Walker v. Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans allowed states to remove the Confederate flag from plates finding that the plates were speech by the state. The use of the Confederate Battle Flag and other Confederate symbols on the plates has stirred controversy, but Jay Barringer, commander of the Maryland Division of Sons of Confederate Veterans, has said "We're trying to divest ourselves of the negative associations" with the Confederate flag. In some states revenues are shared with the SCV organization.

 * Alabama: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (2013–current)
 * Georgia: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (2014–current) The plate was condemned as racist by critics. In 2015 the state suspended sales after the South Carolina church shooting but resumed sales after a redesign removed a Confederate Battle Flag from across the background, but left the small flag in the SCV logo.
 * Louisiana: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate. (1999–current) Prior to 2016 between zero and 14 plates were issued each year. In fiscal 2016, 61 plates were issued after it became an election issue.
 * Maryland: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (????–current) 18 years after a court decision finding the plates were protected as free speech, in November 2015 Maryland recalled the plates with the Confederate Battle flag and replaced them with a version without the offending flag, following the US Supreme Court ruling in Walker v. Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans There were 178 plates in 2015.
 * Mississippi: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (2003–current) featuring the Confederate Battle Flag in the organization logo Revised in 2011 for the 150th anniversary of the Civil War. A proposal to put General Forrest on the plates created controversy.
 * North Carolina: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (1998–2021)
 * South Carolina: Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (????–current) a 2015 report found that 1,020 plates generated about $20,000 every two years for SCV under a revenue sharing deal with the state.
 * Tennessee:
 * Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (1999–current) In 2015 a little over 3,000 plates showed the SCV logo.

 * Virginia:
 * Robert E. Lee Commemorative License Plate (????–current) which gives his birth and death dates and the words "Southern Gentleman"
 * Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate (????–current). In 2015 the state banned plates with the Confederate Battle Flag, following a federal court ruling. There were 1,677 SCV plates in 2015 and no revenue sharing arrangement with the SCV.
 * Texas: refused to issue SCV plates in 2011, which the SCV took to the US Supreme Court, and lost in June 2015. Texas then banned plates with the Confederate Battle Flag. The organization vowed to continue fighting for the issuance of plates by submitting alternative designs.

Department-specific examples
In the United States, most states issue some special sort of license plate for vehicles which are owned by state and local governments. For the most part, the plates are similar to the regular passenger plates, except with a separate numbering sequence and/or with a message such as "government", "official", "state owned", "municipal", or "exempt" (from registration fees) replacing the slogan.

The federal government issues plates for vehicles it owns, with a few exceptions. Vehicles owned by a branch of the U.S. military may have a license plate issued by that branch of the military, although combat vehicles will have no license plate at all, only an identification number applied directly to the body. The United States Postal Service adopts the same practice, especially for its delivery trucks.

The general format of US government plates is a letter prefix followed by 4 to 6 numbers and a letter, with plates ending with T always being trailer plates, and plates ending in M being motorcycle plates, a majority of US Government vehicles using U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) plates, which begin with the letter G, followed by a two letter vehicle class code then a 4 digit sequential number and a letter either before or after the sequential number, however certain departments and agencies set their own unique numbering system.

For example the United States Air Force plates begin with AF, two number representing the two digit year the vehicle was put into service, a letter representing the vehicle class, and a 5 digit serial number

Federal Bureau of Prison plates start with J (for Department of Justice) followed by 3 numbers, and a 3 letter code indicating which federal prison the vehicle is attached to except for inmate transfer buses which are assigned the code BUS.

All US government plates have a fixed expiration of 8 years, 6 months after issuance.

Starting in 2015 with 2023 expiring plates, US Government plates now have a small letter A or B in the bottom left corner of the plate allowing for the inventorying of both front and rear plates.

State-specific examples
Many states issue license plates to members of certain professions who require some sort of special privileges, such as parking or going behind police lines. Examples include plates for members of the press, doctors, nurses, EMTs, paramedics, volunteer firemen, judges, medical examiners, and elected officials.

Some states use a distinctive color scheme to differentiate the plates from the regular issue. For example, in Virginia, state government license plates use the format "12-345S" and have a light blue background, while local government license plates use the format "123-456L" and have a tan background. The standard issue has a white background and a different numbering scheme. In Vermont, municipal government plates have a red background instead of the usual green background with the letters "MUN" stacked to the right of the serial; State Police plates are green with yellow lettering instead of white, matching the color scheme of VSP patrol vehicles. Other state owned vehicles use the standard green background, with the word "STATE" diagonally appearing before the serial.

In Florida, government vehicles have a black-on-yellow scheme.

Old California government plates have the letter "E" inside of either an octagon or a diamond, which are no longer issued, but still valid. Old government vehicles will either have a diamond or octagon before 6 random digits while newer government vehicles say ¨CA EXEMPT" at the top of the license plate in red instead of the regular ¨California¨ in red cursive and will have seven random digits, beginning with the number "1".

In Colorado, government vehicles affix a "GVT" code vertically before the plate number.

Governmental vehicles in North Carolina are issued permanent black-on-yellow (state-owned) or black-on-orange/aluminum (all other governmental) license plates, however vehicles belonging to the State Highway Patrol are sometimes registered with normal passenger car plates or with special vanity plates (with stamped years instead of stickers) similar to normal plates, with the prefix SHP before a unique number (i.e. SHP1234). Government vehicles with black-on-orange/aluminum are the police (including sheriff and undercover police vehicles), school buses, public transportation buses, postal services, and county vehicles.

Government vehicles in South Carolina are issued a permanent white plate with black text, or formerly a permanent off-white plate containing the state seal inside the state outline with blue text. They are prefixed or sometimes suffixed by SG, RG, CG or MG for state-government, regional level government, county government, or municipal government respectively by a series of numbers. Examples include SG12345, 56789SG, or recently SG1234A. Vehicles belonging to the South Carolina Highway Patrol have plates that contain the logo of the highway patrol and prefix HP. For example HP1234 A similar format is also given to plates on South Carolina State Transport Police Division vehicles. For example STP1234

Pennsylvania issues a white on blue (blue on white on earlier plates, some still in use) plate for state-owned vehicles (PA prefix/suffix which carry the OFFICIAL USE legend), municipal (MG prefix or suffix) and vehicles that are owned by Penn State, which carry the STATE UNIVERSITY legend. State-owned and Penn State-owned vehicles are also issued front plates, as are press photographers, however, the press photographer plates are issued on the standard base and carry a PP prefix inside a large keystone.

Government vehicles in Georgia are issued a plate in the standard design but a numbering series prefixed by "GV" and a decal on the left side of the plate indicating what type of government the plate is issued to (authority, (school) board, city, county, or state), before that, vehicles were issued just numbers with the type of service the vehicle was used for and GOVT running horizontal beside the number and shown at right for reference. For example, plates can be formatted as GV12345, GV1234A, or formerly GOVT/12345 and GOVT/123456. Also, Georgia State Patrol vehicles have special-issue plates they are required to display on both the front and rear of the vehicle – most other vehicles in Georgia only have rear plates – that have an image of the GSP's patch and the trooper's badge number.

Most Washington State Patrol vehicles use the same format as passenger cars, with the exception that the letters are all "WSP". For example: 123 WSP. The format "1234 SP" may also be seen on WSP vehicles but not as common. In this format only the numbers change, with the SP (State Patrol) designation remaining constant.

The District of Columbia issues special license plates to vehicles owned by the DC government and the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority. While ambulances and other support vehicles of the District of Columbia Fire Department have special red and white plates, fire engines are not issued license plates. Vehicles belonging to the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority display standard DC license plates appropriate to the class of vehicle, with special validation stickers. The transit authority police cars are issued ordinary District of Columbia passenger license plates, but the authority replaces them with self-issued number plates indicating the vehicle is with the transit police.

In Honolulu, Hawaii, the license plates on TheBus matches the fleet number of the bus they are assigned to, using a BUS-123 format. Similarly, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority in Boston, Massachusetts, places license plates on their buses featuring the agency's logo (a "T" inside a circle) followed by the bus number.

In Hawaii, state owned government vehicles use license plates that begin with State then letter and number, EX: State A175, however older state owned vehicles use just numbers, EX: State 8743.

Ohio's government-owned vehicles use red on white plates with the legend "City", "County", and "Government" with a special format of ABC123, and they use the legend "State Vehicle" with the format 12 3456. Just like in New York, Police vehicles are not issued license plates.

Michigan uses a unique "123 X 456" format for municipal vehicles (including municipal transit buses, public school buses owned and operated by the school district, and police vehicles), "123 G 456" for "in-transit repair" vehicles, "12 D 345" for dealer vehicles, "123 M 456" for vehicles owned by manufacturers of cars, "123 T 456" for transporter vehicles and "123 Y 456" for vehicles owned by non-profit agencies, such as church buses, buses of private schools, and chapters of the American Red Cross. Michigan State Police plates have the State Police shield on the left side, followed by a four-digit fleet number. The first two digits of this fleet number indicate the State Police post number where the vehicle is assigned. County sheriff plates follow the 12*345 format (the asterisk representing a six-pointed star), but feature a black background and white letters; the left two digits represent the number of the county in alphabetical order. Vehicles owned by the State of Michigan can also have a plate using the format of "MSG 1234" (where MSG stands for Michigan State Government) or a plate with the format of "X12345" with the caption "STATE GOVT" under.

In New York State, Minnesota, and Ohio, local police vehicles are not issued license plates, though New York State requires the vehicles to have roof mounted emergency lights. In some cases, such as New York City, the fleet number of the vehicle is put on a flat license plate using heat transferred letters. In Yonkers, there is a special plate that appears similar to the specialized optional plates with the Yonkers Police logo and the fleet number. Other communities in the state have a license plate that looks like the regular issue vanity plate, but with the word "POLICE" on it. New York formerly indicated rental cars with the sequence beginning with "Z", but that apparently encouraged targeting by car thieves.

In Missouri, state owned vehicles are issued "Official Vehicle" plates, but otherwise all vehicles owned by local governments entities in Missouri are not issued license plates by the state and instead each government entity is responsible for furnishing their vehicles with their own license plates, with most entities electing to purchase plates from the State Prison system which only produces local government plates in a single style.

In Tennessee, state owned vehicles are given a green plate with white lettering in the S0A000 format with Gov't Service on the bottom of the plate and locally owned vehicles are given a white plate with black lettering with Gov't Service on the bottom in the 0000-AA format. Tennessee Highway Patrol cars are issued a green plate (usually placed in the trunk) and have displayed a gold plate with the officer's district number assigned to it

Alabama issues plates with either 00000 CO (county) CM 000 (county motorcycle), 0000 PUD (public utility) MM 000 (municipal motorcycle) or 00000 MU (municipal) plates on a blue background with black lettering and state owned vehicles get a white plate with black lettering and the S0000A format, SM00 (state motorcycle) or SMP 000 (state pool)

Delaware uses plates that start with S for state owned vehicles and CY for county owned vehicles. Older versions spelled out State Owned or County Owned but have largely disappeared from use. Fire trucks get a white plate with red numbers starting with EV. Police cars get standard number plates however the registration sticker is slightly different (in the days of color coded stickers, the color patterns were inverted for police cars). Both regular and police vehicles owned by the Delaware River and Bay Authority (a joint agency with New Jersey) use standard Delaware license plates for most vehicles in both states.

In Indiana. Police vehicles will have a white license plate with a badge to the left with “POLICE” written at the bottom. Municipality owned vehicles will have a blue plate with “MUNICIPAL” written at the bottom. These plates along with some trailers do not expire. In some examples, Government owned or police civilian cars will have a standard passenger plate but will not have an expiration date or sticker in the top corners. Tractor-Trailers can order a company specific license plate with the company’s name at the bottom or a logo on the left hand side.

General registration license plates
Many states issue special plates to automobile dealers, auto repair shops, farms, and construction contractors, which are not tied to any particular vehicle. These users typically have many more vehicles on the premises than on the public streets, and it would not be practical to register and insure each individual vehicle. As a result, they hold a number of "floating" registrations that enable them to legally drive multiple vehicles on the public streets. States typically have rules about who is eligible and how the plates may be used, and may impose record keeping and audit requirements.

In every state, auto dealers are allowed to place a special dealer registration plate on a vehicle that the dealer is holding for sale or resale. Most states do not allow the use of dealer plates on vehicles that have already been sold. Most states allow dealer plates to be used only by a dealership owner, officer, or employee, or by a customer who is test driving an automobile. Most states do not allow dealer plates to be used by anyone who is not affiliated with the dealership. In addition, dealer plates are not allowed to be used as a way to avoid payment of sales tax on the purchase of a vehicle.

Diplomatic license plates
Diplomatic license plates are issued by the United States Department of State to accredited diplomats. This is an exception to the general rule in the U.S. that license plates are issued by states, and not the federal government. However, prior to the 1980s, diplomatic plates were issued by states, with New York issuing the most, followed by the District of Columbia.

Until 2007, plates issued to cars based in the District of Columbia followed the pattern of a letter identifying the status of the owner, followed by the two-letter country code, followed by a four-digit number (S LL NNNN). For member countries of the Organization of American States (OAS), a subset of that numbering pattern is allotted to vehicles based at those countries' missions to the OAS. Plates issued to cars based at the United Nations in New York City are reversed, with the four-digit number first, followed by the two-letter country code, followed by the status code (NNNN LL S). This is because representatives of certain countries are limited to travel to certain radii from their base, and the system allows the city of assignment to be identified easily.

The status codes used until 2007 were "C" for foreign consul; "D" for diplomat; "S" for non-diplomatic staff; and "A" for a UN employee. The status code indicates the type of diplomatic, consular, or other immunity enjoyed by the vehicle's registrant. The country codes are unique to each particular country, but do not correlate to ISO Country Codes or other standards format. For example, in the old system used until 2007, France is "DJ" not "F" and Australia is "XZ" not "AUS". This is to prevent the general public from targeting diplomats from particular countries. Diplomatic license plates are made in Virginia, so they use similar dies to those on that state's license plates.

Certain U.S. states issue honorary consul plates to U.S. citizens who have been appointed to that office and perform consular functions on a part-time basis.

For a list of serial formats of diplomatic plates, see the article about United States license plate designs and serial formats.


text:
Office of Gas and Electricity Markets

The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem), supporting the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority (GEMA, the Ofgem Board ), is the government regulator for the electricity and downstream natural gas markets in Great Britain. It was formed by the merger of the Office of Electricity Regulation (OFFER) and Office of Gas Supply (Ofgas).

Powers and duties
The authority's powers and duties are largely provided for in statute (such as the Gas Act 1986, the Electricity Act 1989, the Utilities Act 2000, the Competition Act 1998, the Enterprise Act 2002 and the Energy Act 2004, the Energy Act 2008 and the Energy Act 2010 ) as well as arising from directly effective European Union legislation. Duties and functions concerning gas are set out in the Gas Act and those relating to electricity are set out in the Electricity Act.

Its primary duty is to protect the interests of consumers, where possible by promoting competition.

The Authority‘s main objective is to protect existing and future consumers' interests in relation to gas conveyed through pipes and electricity conveyed by distribution or transmission systems. Consumers' interests are their interests taken as a whole, including their interests in the reduction of greenhouse gases and in the security of the supply of gas and electricity to them. Since 2010 the Authority has imposed nearly £100 million in fines and redress levies against energy suppliers, including a £12 million redress levy on E.ON in May 2014, and a £1 million redress levy on British Gas in July 2014.

Structure
The Gas and Electricity Markets Authority is governed by the Chairman Martin Cave, executive members as well as non-executive members.

Jonathan Brearley was appointed Chief Executive of Ofgem from February 2020.

Background: Ofgas and OFFER
The liberalisation and privatisation of the energy markets in the United Kingdom began with the Margaret Thatcher Government in the 1980s (often called the Thatcher-Lawson agenda, due to the key role of Nigel Lawson in the Thatcher government cabinet). Aspects of the UK's model have been adopted by EU legislation.

The privatisation of the gas and electricity supply industries was enacted by the Gas Act 1986 and the Electricity Act 1989. Section 1 of the respective Acts created the roles of Director General of Gas Supply and the Office of Gas Supply (Ofgas), and the Director General of Electricity Supply and the Office of Electricity Regulation (OFFER). These were economic regulators independent of government, but accountable to Parliament. This arrangement separated their regulatory decisions from political control in order to provide greater long term regulatory certainty and to encourage market entry and investment. The duties of the regulators were prescribed in Section 4 of the Gas Act 1986 and Section 3 of the Electricity Act 1989.

Starting in the 1990s, the supply of electricity and gas to retail consumers in the UK has been unbundled from the rest of the industry. At the time of privatisation, British Gas and the regional public electricity suppliers held a monopoly on supplying all domestic gas and electricity consumers respectively. In 1997, British Gas was split (demerged) into Centrica and BG plc, in order to separate gas supply from its production and distribution. Between 1996 and 1999, domestic energy consumers were gradually able to choose their supplier. Finally, in May 1998 the domestic gas market was fully opened to competition, followed by the domestic electricity market in May 1999.

Role of Ofgem
Before there was competition in domestic markets, the regulators set price controls which fixed the maximum price that the monopoly suppliers could charge domestic customers. These controls remained in place when markets started to be liberalised, and were removed in stages between 2000 and 2002. Ofgem's decision to remove price controls was based on their assessment that competition was developing well at that time and that the Competition Act 1998, being effective since March 2000, would deter companies from the abuse of market power, and provide Ofgem with sufficient power to tackle any abuse. Moreover, consumer surveys showed good awareness of the ability to switch, high and rising switching rates away from the former monopoly suppliers, and substantial and continuing falls in their market shares.

Two years after the removal of the last price controls, in April 2004, Ofgem published a major review of the state of competition in the domestic energy supply markets, concluding that supply competition had delivered substantial benefits for all consumers and that the markets were competitive, though not yet mature. Between 2005 and 2007, Ofgem carried out a Supply Licence Review, resulting in simplification of supply licences, with the aim of reducing barriers to entry to the supply market, and enabling innovation. In 2006, Ofgem required the industry to set up and fund the Energy Supply Ombudsman in response to concerns over the handling of customer complaints.

Ofgem's Energy Supply Probe, published in 2008 after increases in world fuel prices led to the doubling of the energy bill for a typical household, found that the market was still dominated by the "Big Six" suppliers: more than 70% of customers were still with their former monopoly suppliers, and new entrants had captured less than 0.3% of the market. Ofgem implemented a number of measures which improved the information provided to customers and made it easier for them to switch suppliers. The Big Six were obliged to separate their accounting for the supply and generation businesses, and Ofgem noted concerns over market abuses and unfair pricing.

CMA investigation, 2014–2016
In June 2014 Ofgem announced a Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) investigation into the trading practices and competitiveness of the country's "Big Six" energy companies: Centrica, SSE plc, RWE npower, E.ON, Scottish Power and EDF Energy. The investigation, which took two years, followed a referral by Ofgem to the competition regulator. "There is near-unanimous support for a referral and the CMA investigation offers an important opportunity to clear the air. This will help rebuild consumer trust and confidence in the energy market as well as provide the certainty investors have called for," Ofgem CEO Dermot Nolan in announcing the investigation. In August 2016 Ofgem said that it would implement the CMA's recommendation that suppliers should be required to provide the details of customers who have been on expensive tariffs for three years or more to rival suppliers. Ofgem also said that it would impose an interim price cap on customers using pre-payment meters.

Energy price caps
In October 2017, Prime Minister Theresa May announced her intention to introduce a cap on standard variable tariffs for energy customers, to be designed and implemented by Ofgem. The Domestic Gas and Electricity (Tariff Cap) Act 2018 (c. 21) received royal assent on 19 July 2018. It stipulated that the price cap would be in place from the end of 2018 until 2020, when Ofgem would recommend whether the cap should remain on an annual basis up to 2023. Ofgem would also review the level of the cap at least every six months; from October 2022 reviews were to be conducted every three months, to reflect volatility in wholesale prices.

Ofgem refers to this mechanism as the "default tariff" price cap, to distinguish it from the "prepayment" price cap, its other energy price cap.

Collapses of retail suppliers, 2021–2022
Between July 2021 and May 2022, 29 retail suppliers of gas and electricity collapsed, largely due to unprecedented increases in wholesale gas prices. Ofgem arranged for their customers to be transferred to other companies but this was not possible for the 1.7 million customers of the largest company to enter administration, Bulb Energy, which instead entered a special administration regime underwritten by the UK government.

A July 2022 report "Energy pricing and the future of the energy market" by Parliament's Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee found that Ofgem had been incompetent in its supervision of the finances of supplier companies, and that the government overlooked this lack of supervision because it prioritised competition over market regulation. In response, Ofgem accepted that its previous financial resilience regime was not sufficiently robust, and had contributed to some of the supplier failures since August 2021.

Allegations of abuse of power relating to whistleblowers
In September 2018, the Guardian published a report claiming that two Ofgem experts had been independently threatened with criminal sanctions if they publicly revealed information. Ofgem allegedly invoked section 105 of the Utilities Act 2000, designed to protect national security, relating to concerns about smart meters and Renewable Heat Incentive projects.

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Under the Alternative Dispute Resolution for Consumer Disputes Regulations 2015, if an energy company fails to resolve a complaint through their own customer service efforts they will be required to advise the consumer of an approved ADR body.

Ofgem is the Competent Authority responsible for approving ADR entities in the energy sector. Ofgem has only ever approved one ADR entity: Ombudsman Services.

Energy Industry Voluntary Redress Scheme
Ofgem launched an Energy Industry Voluntary Redress Scheme in 2018 to redistribute money paid by energy companies who have breached their operating licence conditions. Recipients of the fund include vulnerable energy consumers and developers of energy products and services that reduce the environmental impact. The scheme is managed by the Energy Saving Trust.

Notable payments into the scheme include: £12.5m from PayPoint for breaking the 1998 Competition Act; £8.9 from OVO Energy for overcharging customers; £4.5m from Hornsea Wind Farm, £4.5m from Npower and £1.5 from UK Power Networks for failing to remain connected after a lightning strike causing a widespread blackout on 9 August 2019; £2.8m from OVO Energy, £2m from Scottish Power, £1.3m from British Gas, £1.2m from Shell Energy, £1m from SSE plc and amounts from £7k to £713k from 13 other energy suppliers for overcharging between 2013 and 2020; £1.5m from Utility Warehouse for treating customers unfairly and increasing their financial distress; and £1m from SSE plc for sending inaccurate customer statements.

Key people
Directors General of Ofgas

 * Sir James McKinnon, 1986 – October 1993
 * Clare Spottiswoode CBE, October 1993 – October 1998
 * Callum McCarthy, 1998 – 2002. Following the retirement of Stephen Littlechild, Callum McCarthy assumed the combined role of Director General of Ofgas and Director General of OFFER.

Director General of OFFER

 * Stephen Charles Littlechild (b.1943), September 1989 – 1998

Chair and Chief Executive of Ofgem

 * Callum McCarthy, 1998 – October 2003. Following the end of tenure of Callum McCarthy the roles of Chair and Chief Executive Officer were split.

Chair of Ofgem

 * Sir John Mogg (Baron Mogg), October 2003 – 2013
 * David Gray, 2013–September 2018
 * Martin Cave, from September 2018

Chief Executive Officer of Ofgem

 * Alistair Buchanan CBE, October 2003 – 2013
 * Andrew Wright, interim CEO, June 2013 – March 2014
 * Dermot Nolan, March 2014 – February 2020
 * Jonathan Brearley, from February 2020

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Office of Gas and Electricity Markets


text:
Eagleton

Eagleton may refer to:

People

 * Eagleton (surname)

Places

 * Eagleton, Wisconsin, United States
 * Eagleton Village, Tennessee, United States
 * Eagleton, a hamlet adjoining (or within) Pabail Iarach in Point, Outer Hebrides, Scotland
 * Eagleton, fictional town in Indiana, from the show Parks and Recreation

Other

 * Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey
 * "Eagleton" (Parks and Recreation), an episode of the comedy series Parks and Recreation

title: Eagleton


text: Category:262 BC deaths

title: Category:262 BC deaths


text:
Talk:Oldsmobile Intrigue

Oldsmobile Intrique
I've seen it often misspelled as the Intrique. This could simply be due to the similarity of "g" and "q" in most fonts. Some fonts have little to distinguish them. That's why I prefer Times New Roman, which has a more distinguishable "g".

Why does this link to a car? Intrigue is a word, is it not? Why is there no disambiguation page?
 * Wikipedia isn't a dictionary, that's why I think "intrigue" is a redirect to this page (but that seems kind of ridiculous, though). If you wanted to look up "intrigue", look on the Wiktionary. --ApolloBoy 01:43, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Stability Control in 2000 -- really?
It would be highly unusual for a U.S. automaker to add optional Stability Control in the 2000 model year. It's an advanced feature; for comparison, the Lexus RX300 and the BMW 3-series didn't get Stability Control until 2002.

If anyone can confirm that it really had Stability Control, let MSN Autos know; they are showing it as Not Available on all three trim lines (the GX, GL, and GLS).

Maybe this was a primitive version of stability control that doesn't have the same capabilities as "modern" Stability Control. 174.24.81.157 (talk) 21:25, 12 November 2011 (UTC)

 * I can confirm that there was no Stability Control offered in the 2001 Model year - I own the vehicle and have read the owners manual and Factory Service Manual cover to cover. Traction Control & ABS is the only mention. 68.48.239.56 (talk) 14:59, 11 January 2023 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on Oldsmobile Intrigue
Cyberbot II has detected links on Oldsmobile Intrigue which have been added to the blacklist, either globally or locally. Links tend to be blacklisted because they have a history of being spammed or are highly inappropriate for Wikipedia. The addition will be logged at one of these locations: local or global If you believe the specific link should be exempt from the blacklist, you may request that it is white-listed. Alternatively, you may request that the link is removed from or altered on the blacklist locally or globally. When requesting whitelisting, be sure to supply the link to be whitelisted and wrap the link in nowiki tags. Please do not remove the tag until the issue is resolved. You may set the invisible parameter to "true" whilst requests to white-list are being processed. Should you require any help with this process, please ask at the help desk.

Below is a list of links that were found on the main page:

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From your friendly hard working bot.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:10, 11 August 2015 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on Oldsmobile Intrigue
Cyberbot II has detected links on Oldsmobile Intrigue which have been added to the blacklist, either globally or locally. Links tend to be blacklisted because they have a history of being spammed or are highly inappropriate for Wikipedia. The addition will be logged at one of these locations: local or global If you believe the specific link should be exempt from the blacklist, you may request that it is white-listed. Alternatively, you may request that the link is removed from or altered on the blacklist locally or globally. When requesting whitelisting, be sure to supply the link to be whitelisted and wrap the link in nowiki tags. Please do not remove the tag until the issue is resolved. You may set the invisible parameter to "true" whilst requests to white-list are being processed. Should you require any help with this process, please ask at the help desk.

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From your friendly hard working bot.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:21, 14 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oldsmobile Intrigue


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sturmgrenadier

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was No consensus, so keep. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 8 July 2005 15:31 (UTC)

Sturmgrenadier

 * Delete. I put this article up for VFD, unfortunately I am not as skilled as other in Wiki, so I did not add a comment on this page. I freely admit I'm a Wiki noob.  The Sturmgrenadier page needs to deleted much like the Sunder page was deleted.  Each to a degree reads like an advertisement of their organizations.  Neither group has accomplished any monumental tasks that would be referenced in any normal encyclopedia.  The fact is that Sturmgrenadier was briefly mentioned in an article in 2003, however many companies/people/and events have been mentioned in that paper, but do not warrant a entry.  If 800+ members and a newspaper entry is required to become a Wiki entry then perhaps my son's Boyscout troop/pack should have an entry as they have been in the newspapers (Philadelphia papers, and Trenton papers) many times and sport over 2500 current/past members.  I vote for a merge with a bigger article.  BTW: I am a current Sunder member. Magen 14:50, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I started this flame war, but I am not Siegmund. I find it laughable that the guys at Syndicate are so dumb to believe Sieg did this. I am ex-SG. I hate SG. But I'm not Siegmund. Same reasons for which this was started, delete it due to it being a commercial advertisement. BTW: Why is Sieg back in SG? Wasn't he removed? --65.49.152.201 21:52, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. In all fairness I must qualify that I am ex-SG but... I can see little reason why a gaming club deserves it's own entry in an encyclopedia. There is nothing about SG that is unique, or original, regardless of how fine an organization anyone may think it is. Additionally, the only proponents for keeping the page are the author (who is the SG PlanetSide RECRUITMENT officer, and other SG members. This is clearly a RECRUITMENT strategy.  And, as SG has membership dues, also a COMMERCIAL ADVERTISEMENT.-User:Siegmund
 * (This was this user's first edit. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ))
 * Keep. I vote for retention.... (I also voted for retention of the wiki entry for Sunder - I suspect they should share the same fate or at least have the same criterion for retention/deletion) --Habap 11:57, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I vote For Deletion based on the fact that the Wiki Entry for sunder is also up for deletion. A general entry on MMORPG and FPS guilds of large size should be added but nothing specific to one guild is warrented at this time. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.91.167.128 (talk • contribs) 15:32, 9 Jun 2005
 * This is this user's only edit. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης )
 * Keep or merge with a larger article concerning large MMO groups. The large and organized MMO group is not a fluke - there's a couple of notable ones out there, and I think they merit an article in wikipedia. Sturmgrenadier has been mentioned in mainstream news media (USA Today, June 24, 2003). The sites are ranked on Alexa, SGHQ.com getting 1,470,744 and Sturmgrenadier.com getting 249,479 place - which is pretty high up on the list of 7 million plus sites. I think its notable enough to be worth a mention. FYI, I am also the creator of the SG article. ChronoSphere 17:11, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I find something odd about the fact that the proposer apparently created an account only to bring this VfD, and has done nothing alse with it. (This discussion is, incidentally, pretty messy, with unsigned votes and oddly formatted messages.  The article also needs work, as it reads more like something in a house magazine than an encyclopædia article.)  Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:12, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, we have hotheads here who are here solely to remove this page, as such they really don't understand wiki formatting or how to sign messages. ChronoSphere 00:39, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It wasn't easy to see who started the VfD, but in fact it was an anon:, who seems not to have participated in the discussion. So far, only three people whose votes are likely to count have voted: Chronosphere, Habap, and me.  The rest of the page is either completely anon or left by Siegmund.  I've just refactored it, in an attempt to make things easier for the admin who has to deal with it. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:04, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I vote also for retention.  If we are going to genericize all MMOFPS/MMORPG clans and outfits, we might as well do the same to all of the MMOFPS/MMORPG's out there as well.  SG is unique, that is a fact, and it deserves it's own entry.  Disgruntled ex-members pushing their own agendas should not take away from that. Destinova1 19:58, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * User's first edit. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 15:16, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for the same reasons I outlined on my vote at Sunder.—chris.lawson (talk) 00:51, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

(Largely irrelevant) discussion
--65.49.152.201 23:53, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment You know what's also interesting Destinova? You guys speak about "exclusive closed betas", but you continuily preached that you were going to get into F.E.A.R's closed beta but it never happened. INTERESTING ISN'T IT. And people are flip-flopping because Sunder and SG are essentially the same thing, and if Sunder goes down this should go down.
 * Rebuttal Sorry, we never had any agreement to get into F.E.A.R. that I know of. SG and Sunder have nothing in common, let alone being 'essentially the same thing'.  Please.   Destinova1 06:21, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Rebuttal I was in SG when it happened, don't bother denying it. Spoon bragged that you guys were going to get into F.E.A.R, and now you all deny it because it never actually happened. It had it's own forum, for christ sakes. There's a bucket of "confidential" information I could leak about this organization. --70.24.219.247 13:50, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, we've never had a FEAR forum either. You must have been a very active and engaged member. Destinova1 19:25, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm pretty sure you're confusing F.E.A.R. with S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl. IIRC, the closed beta of Stalker simply never happened. It was a failure on the part of the developer, not Sturmgrenadier. Disappointing either way. As I understand it, Stalker will be released eventually. --Habap 15:58, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I find it quite tiresome that former members are continually referred to as, "disgruntled ex-members whom push their own agendas."  The fact of the matter is I am not disgruntled.  The cold hard fact of the matter is that SG much like Sunder has done nothing notable to honestly retain any type of entry in Wiki.  If a newspaper mention, and membership base happened to be a criteria for an entry into Wiki then every school PTO, boy scout troop, and clan/outfit/gaming group would warrant an entry.  How is SG unique?  What goal has it accomplished that no other group has ever done?  Did SG win the cyberathelitic competition?  Did SG/Sunder/or any other group accomplish something that none other has ever done?  Face the facts, anyone that knows anything about  alexia's rankings understand how they are not accurate, and infact there are many programs available to skew results.  Get off the personal attack trip, does Sturmgrenadier/Sunder/and any other group warrant an entry at this point in time?  Magen 15:43, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Rebuttal It is not a personal attack, we've had two users already blank this article and vandalize both it and my userpage (User:Siegmund and User: 65.49.152.201, who has already been banned for 24 hours due to vandalism). In that case, we do have ex-SG members, who are disgruntled, as evident by their behavior on Wikipedia. The statement is therefore correct. I don't think anything you have done falls into that catagory - if you feel that was directed at you, thats a personal issue. Also, you mentioned on your merge on the Votes for deletion/Sunder that you believe the SG page should be merged as well. Are you going to change your vote here to reflect that? You've advocated several positions on both pages, and I have to admit to be confused as to what your intentions are. ChronoSphere 18:46, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Rebuttal Yes, I will be changing my back to deletion from a merge. SG is not notible enough (IMHO), their article reads like an advertisement.  Magen 14:48, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Note It is interesting to note that this vote has now flip-flopped from delete to merge, and now back to delete since the Sunder page was deleted. Destinova1 17:12, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Rebuttal The newspaper article is not the crux of the argument here.  SG has done things that no other gaming clan/outfit/organization has done.  However, if you feel so strongly, then I encourage you to start articles on the above mentioned PTO's, boy scout troops, etc. Destinova1 22:44, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Rebuttal Please expounded the accomplishments of SG, and how they have accomplished things that no other gaming clan/outfit/organization in history has ever done. Please provide a link to such articles, newspaper entries, and works which support this claim. Magen 13:55, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Since this does not pertain to the VfD, but is a general request for information, it is being moved to the Sturmgrenadier talk page to be addressed. ChronoSphere 21:11, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * It has already been disclosed that I am an SG member, and that we do have a random wikipedian, Mel Eletis voting for retention. He was also refering to you that we had an account solely created to vote for deletion. Also, since we are disclosing our interests in this discussion, Seigmund is a former SG member as of yesterday. The SG leadership had asked all SG members to refrain from posting in the wikipedia disputes on this and the Sunder articles until things simmered down. Seigmund removed the entries that Habap and I had added in order to better balance the article, which can be seen here, (his IP was 68.59.90.110) and left a derogatory remark involving douche-bags. He did this anonymously, and was linked to him via his IP as reported on Wikipedia. Due to his violation of the SG charter and going against the express orders not to interfere, he was removed. This infers that he created his account solely to vote on the article in favor of deletion to further his vendetta. Siegmund, please keep in mind that Wikipedia is not really a democracy, an Admin will read these votes, read the reasonings behind them, and consider whether or not the vote was done in good faith, then the Admin will make the ultimate decision in light of the recommendations. As such, you vote probably isn't going to be weighed very much. ChronoSphere 00:30, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't start the Vote for Deletion. I don't even know HOW to start a vote for deletion.  In fact..the vote for deletion began before I was ever kicked out.  I didn't discover that until this morning.  Furthermore, really... c'mon... It's a freakin GAMING CLAN!  Nothing nominal about it.-Sieg

 * Notice As a Disclaimer, ChronoSphere originally wrote this article back in December, and both he and Habap are current members of Sturmgrenadier. ChronoSphere 14:20, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment. Note that there is also an article on Maza Online Gaming Community, a Greek group of this type. I've also created a stub for Online Gaming Organizations, though I suspect that due to disagreements between some of the groups that it either only list them at the end or not mention any specifically. --Habap 17:54, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * So, I decided to check for other, similar organizations and pages. I found Sogamed, Team 3D, Ninjas in pajamas, Theafers, and Phaze II. So, perhaps there is a need for either a clean sweep or expansion of that stub I created? --Habap 18:33, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Can this VfD be closed now? Looks like it's been a month and perhaps indicates no consensus....
 * Yes, same here. Can an admin take care of this already? ChronoSphere 7 July 2005 20:19 (UTC)
 * Well if this were the supreme court it would be a 5-4 decision in favor of a delete, Supreme court rules on a majority opinion. (5 delete votes, 4 keep votes). Magen 8 July 2005 14:19 (UTC)
 * Ah, but Wikipedia is not the Supreme Court and while they are called votes, they are not just tallied. An administrator reviews the votes, weighs the arguments and decides what to do. Votes by anonymous IPs tend to be ignored. Votes by those who have not contributed to Wikipedia except for voting for deletion tend to have less weight. Votes with good arguments by long-time, prolific Wikipedians tend to get more weight. In looking over the votes, I think only Mel and Chris fall into that last category and they are split. Chrono and I are minor contributors - at the time of the VfD start in June, a lot of our work was on this article. If no consensus is reached, normally the VfD is considered failed. It seems to me that this is the case here. Few normal Wikipedians expressed any interest and they were divided on the issue, so no consensus. --Habap 8 July 2005 14:41 (UTC)
 * Thank you for explaining the process, it is much appreciated. Thankfully, a wikipedia administrator, not you or I will decide the fate of this  "Encyclopedia" entry.  :) cheers.. Magen 8 July 2005 15:09 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Pauline Boty

Pauline Boty (6 March 1938 – 1 July 1966) was a British painter and co-founder of the 1960s' British Pop art movement of which she was the only acknowledged female member. Boty's paintings and collages often demonstrate a joy in self-assured femininity and female sexuality, as well as criticism (both overt and implicit) of the "man's world" in which she lived. Her rebellious art, combined with her free-spirited lifestyle, has made Boty a herald of 1970s' feminism.

Early life and education
Pauline Veronica Boty was born in Carshalton, Surrey, in 1938 into a middle-class Catholic family. The youngest of four children, she had three older brothers and a stern father who made her keenly aware of her position as a girl. In 1954 she won a scholarship to the Wimbledon School of Art, which she attended despite her father's disapproval. Boty's mother, on the other hand, was supportive, having herself been a frustrated artist and denied parental permission to attend the Slade School of Fine Art. Boty earned an Intermediate diploma in lithography (1956) and a National Diploma in Design in stained glass (1958). Her schoolmates called her "The Wimbledon Bardot" on account of her resemblance to the French film star Brigitte Bardot. Encouraged by her tutor Charles Carey to explore collage techniques, Boty's painting became more experimental. Her work showed an interest in popular culture early on. In 1957 one of her pieces was shown at the Young Contemporaries exhibition alongside work by Robyn Denny, Richard Smith and Bridget Riley.

She studied at the School of Stained Glass at the Royal College of Art from 1958 to 1961. She had wanted to attend the School of Painting, but was dissuaded from applying as admission rates for women were much lower in that department. Despite the institutionalised sexism at her college, Boty was one of the stronger students in her class, and in 1960 one of her stained-glass works was included in the travelling exhibition Modern Stained Glass organised by the Arts Council. Boty continued to paint on her own in her student flat in west London and in 1959 she had three more works selected for the Young Contemporaries exhibition. During this time she also became friends with other emerging Pop artists, such as David Hockney, Derek Boshier, Peter Phillips and Peter Blake. While at the Royal College of Art, Boty engaged in a number of extracurricular activities. She sang, danced, and acted in risqué college reviews, published her poetry in an alternative student magazine, and was a knowledgeable presence in the film society where she developed her interest, especially in European new wave cinema. She was also an active participant in Anti-Ugly Action, a group of RCA students involved in the stained glass, and later architecture, courses who protested against new British architecture that they considered offensive and of poor quality.

Career
Boty was at her most productive two years after graduating from college. She developed a signature Pop style and iconography. Her first group show, "Blake, Boty, Porter, Reeve" was held in November 1961 at A.I.A. Gallery in London and was hailed as one of the first British Pop art shows. She exhibited twenty collages, including Is it a bird, is it a plane? and a rose is a rose is a rose, which demonstrated her interest in drawing from both high and low popular culture sources in her art (the first title references the Superman comic, the second quotes the American expatriate poet Gertrude Stein).

The following spring Boty, Peter Blake, Derek Boshier and Peter Phillips were featured in Ken Russell's BBC Monitor documentary film Pop Goes the Easel, which was aired on 22 March 1962.

Boty's appearance in Pop Goes the Easel marked the beginning of her brief acting career. She landed roles in an Armchair Theatre play for ITV ("North City Traffic Straight Ahead", 1962) directed by Philip Saville and an episode of the BBC series Maigret ("Peter the Lett", 1963). She also appeared on stage in Frank Hilton's comedy Day of the Prince at the Royal Court, and in Riccardo Aragno's (from the novel by Anthony Powell) Afternoon Men  at the New Arts Theatre. (Boty, a regular on the club scene in London, was also a dancer on Ready Steady Go!). Although acting was lucrative, it was a distraction from painting, which remained her main priority. Yet the men in her life encouraged her to pursue acting, as it was a more conventional career choice for women in the early 1960s. The popular press picked up on her glamorous actress persona, often undermining her legitimacy as an artist by referring to her physical appearance. Scene ran a front-page article in November 1962 that included the following remarks: "Actresses often have tiny brains. Painters often have large beards. Imagine a brainy actress who is also a painter and also a blonde, and you have Pauline Boty." Her unique position as Britain's only female Pop artist gave Boty the chance to redress sexism in her life as well as her art. Her early paintings were sensual and erotic, celebrating female sexuality from a woman's point of view. Her canvases were set against vivid, colourful backgrounds and often included close-ups of red flowers, presumably symbolic of the female sex. She painted her male idols—Elvis, French actor Jean-Paul Belmondo, British writer Derek Marlowe—as sex symbols, just as she did actresses Monica Vitti and Marilyn Monroe. Like Andy Warhol, she recycled publicity and press photographs of celebrities in her art. Her 1963 portrait of her friend Celia Birtwell, Celia and Her Heroes, shows the textile designer surrounded by a Peter Blake painting, a David Hockney portrait and an image of Elvis Presley. She exhibited in several more group shows before staging her first solo exhibition at Grabowski Gallery in the autumn of 1963. The show was a critical success. Boty continued to take on additional acting jobs. She was a presenter on the radio programme Public Ear in 1963–64, and in the following year, she was typecast yet again in the role of 'the seductive Maria' in a BBC serial.

In June 1963 she married the literary agent Clive Goodwin (1932–1977) after a ten-day romance. Her marriage disappointed others such as Peter Blake and her married lover, the television director Philip Saville, whom she had met towards the end of her student days and had worked for. (Their affair is said to have provided the material for a screenplay by Frederic Raphael for the movie Darling. Boty and Goodwin's Cromwell Road flat became a central hang-out for many artists, musicians, and writers, including Bob Dylan (whom Philip Saville brought to England, collecting him from London Airport with Boty). Dylan stayed in Boty's flat. David Hockney, Peter Blake, Michael White, Kenneth Tynan, Troy Kennedy Martin, John McGrath, Dennis Potter and Roger McGough. Goodwin, to be later a member of the founding editorial team of the radical journal Black Dwarf, is said to have encouraged Boty to include political content in her paintings.

Her paintings did become more overtly critical over time. Countdown to Violence depicts a number of harrowing current events, including the Birmingham riot of 1963, the Assassination of John F. Kennedy and the Vietnam War. Cuba Si (1963) references the Cuban revolution. The collage painting It's a Man's World I (1964) juxtaposes images of male icons The Beatles, Albert Einstein, Lenin, Muhammad Ali, Marcel Proust and other men. In It's a Man's World II (1965–66) she redisplayed female nudes from fine art and soft-core pornographic sources to signify newly liberated "female eroticism". Her last known painting, BUM, was commissioned by Kenneth Tynan for Oh, Calcutta! and was completed in 1966.

Death
In June 1965 Boty became pregnant. During a prenatal exam, a tumour was discovered and she was diagnosed with cancer (malignant Thymoma). She refused to have an abortion and also refused to receive chemotherapy treatment that might have harmed the foetus. Instead she smoked marijuana to ease the pain of her terminal condition. She continued to entertain her friends and even sketched The Rolling Stones during her illness. Her daughter, Boty (known as Katy) Goodwin, was born on 12 February 1966. Pauline Boty died at the Royal Marsden Hospital on 1 July that year. She was 28 years old. Her husband died in 1977 aged only 45. Her daughter, Boty Goodwin, died from a heroin overdose on 12 November 1995 aged 29.

Legacy
After her death, Pauline Boty's paintings were stored away in a barn on her brother's farm and she was largely forgotten for nearly 30 years. Her work was rediscovered in the 1990s, thanks to curator David Mellor and academic Dr. Sue Tate, renewing interest in her contribution to Pop art, and gaining her inclusion in several group exhibitions and a major solo retrospective. The location of some of her most sought after paintings was unknown. In December 2013, Adrian Hamilton wrote in The Independent on Sunday, "Ignored for decades after her death – it was nearly 30 years before her first picture was shown – a proper retrospective has had to wait until this year with a show which originated in Wolverhampton and has now opened in the Pallant Gallery in Chichester. Looking at her pictures today, it is simply incredible that it has taken so long. [...] It's not a big exhibition. Given the paucity of her surviving work, it could not be otherwise. But it is one which leaves you eager for more, more of the pictures she did paint and the ones she didn't live long enough for."

Boty's life and work also form a major theme in Ali Smith's 2016 novel, Autumn.

In November 2019, the New York Times profiled Boty in their Overlooked No More series: "Pauline Boty, Rebellious Pop Artist".

On 1 July 2023, a Blue Plaque was erected for Boty at 7A Addison Avenue, Holland Park at her former home and studio. The unveiling was carried out by Natalie Gibson and Celia Birtwell with Sir Peter Blake in attendance alongside other friends, family and admirers of Boty.

Marc Kristal's biography Pauline Boty: British Pop Art's Sole Sister was published in 2023.

Exhibitions

 * 2023: "Capturing the Moment", Tate Modern, London
 * 1 December 2023 to 24 February 2024. Pauline Boty: A Portrait. London: Gazelli Art House.
 * (shown 2021 at Kunsthalle Kiel and 2022 at Kunsthaus Graz)
 * 2013 retrospective exhibition of her work opened at Wolverhampton Art Gallery
 * (cooperation with Wolverhampton Art Gallery)
 * 2013 retrospective exhibition of her work opened at Wolverhampton Art Gallery
 * 2013 – 2014 Pallant House Gallery, Chichester, West Sussex

Permanent collections

 * Smithsonian American Art Museum
 * Tate Museum, London
 * National Portrait Gallery, London
 * Pallant House Gallery
 * Wolverhampton Art Gallery
 * The Stained Glass Museum, Ely, Cambridgeshire

Filmography
Film

TV

title: Pauline Boty


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Open Enterprise System Virtualization

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:18, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Open Enterprise System Virtualization
Blatant advertising for some IBM software package that's not really encyclopedic (surprisingly, it doesn't seem to be a copyvio from the project's website - either there's some hardcore IBM fans with too much time on their hands out there, or IBM's marketing department has just discovered Wikipedia) -- Ferkelparade π 11:58, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete spamvertisement. Double Blue  (Talk) 00:48, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete looks like professional marketing materials. It's advertising all right...right down to the "for more information contact blah blah blah". Tobycat 05:48, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Darrien

Darrien
final (9/5/2) ending 12:00, 2005 Jun 16 (UTC)

I would like to nominate myself for adminship. As of now, I have 1862 edits according to this. My first edit was in July 2003, though I wasn't really active until March 2004. Darrien 12:00, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Support. Good history of reverting vandalism. Good luck Bluemoose 14:16, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support. Hg + NaF + Ti + K2SO4 + Ag + C3H8 → extremely good work in my opinion. David | Talk 15:40, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Anyone who can make someone be bothered to write that (eyes skyward) out must be worth adminship. I support. smoddy 20:48, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) SupportGeni 00:28, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Support I trust you will be a proud and active mop-holder. Bratsche talk  5 pillars 00:46, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Support. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:46, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Support. Mike H 00:10, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Support. Neutralitytalk 05:43, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Cool. --JuntungWu 15:08, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Frighteningly abrasive personality. Ghakko 18:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) A troll.  — Chameleon 12:57, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Sorry. Learn how to use talkpages and I might change my mind. Grace Note 02:59, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 07:39, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Oppose. Not enough contributions considering how long Darrien has been a member. -- Silversmith  Hewwo 12:10, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Neutral
 * 1) I am a bit concerned about Darrien's zealousness in editing Linux related articles; it seems to me that he is pushing a pro-Microsoft POV in some of those edits. Kelly Martin 16:42, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Agreed. I took some time on this one, but zealousness and abrasive manner aren't great traits for the face of Wikipedia. My interactions were long ago, so I'm not sure about opposing, but recent edits look somewhat similar. - Taxman Talk 04:25, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

Comments

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)

 * A: Reverting vandalism would be the main thing. Though I suppose I would block persistent vandals. I would also like to be able to edit protected pages and templates so I can do simple things like fix rendering problems and update some of the main page tamplates.

 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?

 * A: I've helped enforce the Manual of Style guidelines on all of the chemical elements; I've corrected dozens of misspellings of "phosphorus"; I've corrected or removed quackery and misinformation from water fluoridation, mercury (element), and various other pages; I've fixed or removed gratuitous Linux references on several dozen pages; and I'm always diligent at keeping pages on my watchlist free of vandalism.

 * If it counts for anything, to the best of my knowledge, I've always used an edit summary.

 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?

 * A: I have been in several conflicts in my time here. Most of them were with people already prone to conflicts or people unwilling to compromise, instead preferring to revert. To the best of my knowledge, all disputes were resolved rather quickly and to the satisfaction of both parties.

 * I'm very strong willed an unafraid of voicing my thoughts or opinions, so I may have come across as being rude to some people, though I'm always civil to people who treat me with civility. This caused me to have somewhat of a rocky start here at wikipedia, though I learned things quickly (quickly enough to be accused of being a sock-puppet of a banned user).