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John H. Francis Polytechnic High School

John H. Francis Polytechnic High School is a secondary school located in the Sun Valley neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. It serves grades 9 through 12 and is a part of the Los Angeles Unified School District. Despite its name, Polytechnic is a comprehensive high school.

History
Polytechnic High School opened in 1897 as a "commercial branch" of the only high school at that time in the city, Los Angeles High School. As such, Polytechnic would be the third oldest high school in the city, after Abraham Lincoln High School in Lincoln Heights, (founded in 1878), and the fourth oldest in the LAUSD, after San Fernando High School., which was founded in 1896. The school's original campus was located in downtown Los Angeles on South Beaudry Avenue, the present location of the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) Board of Education headquarters.

In 1905, Metropolitan Polytechnic moved to the south side of Washington Boulevard at the corner of Flower Street in downtown Los Angeles, across Washington from old St. Vincent's College. Poly was the first school to offer studies in multiple class subjects, which is now modeled by many high schools, as “periods.” In 1935, its name was changed to “John H. Francis Polytechnic” to honor the founding principal.

In February 1957, Polytechnic moved to its present site in the San Fernando Valley and opened its doors to new students for the then fast growing suburb. Since Poly's relocation, the former site has been the campus of Los Angeles Trade–Technical College. The school mascot is a parrot named Joe Parrot, and he now has a female companion named Josie.

It was in the Los Angeles City High School District until 1961, when it merged into LAUSD.

In 2006, the establishment of Arleta High School and Panorama High School relieved much of the overcrowding at Polytechnic. The 2009 opening of Sun Valley High School additionally relieved overcrowding.

Poly's basketball gym is named for NBA Hall-of-Famer Gail Goodrich, a Poly alumnus. The Parrots have had a longtime rivalry with both Van Nuys High School and North Hollywood High School.

Notable alumni

 * Jesse Torrero (1978), Los Angeles Radio Personality 1980 KCSN, KIIS FM/KPRZ, 1983-1991 AM Stereo 1580, 1985 KHJ, KMGG, KNJO, KJLH, 1998-2002 KCMG MEGA 92.3, 2012-2020 The JESSE T Show Power Of Voices Podcast>/ref>
 * Bessie Bruington Burke (1918), first Black principal in Los Angeles Public Schools
 * Phyllis Maude Haver, Silent film actress active 1915-1930
 * Carl David Anderson, recipient of the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics
 * Tom Bradley (1937), 38th Mayor of Los Angeles (1973–1993)
 * Helen Gurley Brown (1939), author, publisher, and businesswoman; founded Cosmopolitan magazine and was its editor in chief 1965–1997
 * Ike Danning, Major League Baseball player
 * Hideo Date, painter
 * Bill Davila: first Mexican-American to preside over a supermarket chain
 * Marcellite Garner (1928), voice actress of Minnie Mouse
 * D. J. Gay (2007), basketball player
 * J. Paul Getty, international petroleum businessman, "World's Richest Man".
 * Gail Goodrich (1961), basketball player in the NBA, attended UCLA
 * Michael Horse (1968; born Michael Heinrich), actor
 * William Hung (2001), American Idol singer
 * Fay M. Jackson (1920), African-American journalist and publicist
 * George A. Kasem (1938), Democratic US Representative for California's 25th congressional district (1959–1961)
 * Bob Kuwahara (1921), animator
 * Joseph Thomas McGucken, Archbishop of San Francisco from 1962 to 1977
 * Tanya Neiman (1966), lawyer in San Francisco
 * John W. Olmsted (1915), Professor Emeritus at University of California, Riverside
 * Stephen Paddock (1971), perpetrator of the 2017 Las Vegas shooting
 * Greg Palast (left for college in 1969), investigative journalist
 * Bruce Pardo (1981), perpetrator of the 2008 Covina massacre
 * Milton Quon (1932), animator, artist and actor
 * Stanley Mark Rifkin, convicted criminal (bank theft via wire transfer)
 * Peter Senge (1965), author, scientist, and director of the Center for Organizational Learning at MIT
 * Al Sparlis (1939), inductee of the College Football Hall of Fame and highly decorated military pilot
 * Vaino Spencer (1938), judge
 * Herbert R. Temple Jr. (1947), Lieutenant General and Chief of the National Guard Bureau, 1986–1990
 * Sloppy Thurston, pitcher in Major League Baseball
 * Danny Trejo, actor
 * Paul R. Williams, architect
 * Joseph Hampel, radio host and deejay for music group LMFAO

Notable faculty

 * Arthur E. Briggs: Los Angeles City Council member, 1939–1941, taught law at night
 * Ralph Jesson: football coach at Polytechnic (1924–1928)

Notable administrators

 * James B. Taylor, in 1962 became first Black principal of a predominantly White high school in Los Angeles while at Poly

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: John H. Francis Polytechnic High School


text: User:Cidwebsurfer

title: User:Cidwebsurfer


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Éamon de Valera/archive1

Éamon de Valera
One of the most important Irish politicians of all time, critical in the foundation of the Republic of Ireland. Talrias (t | e | c) 16:49, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Refer to peer review. Structural problems, and lacks references. Phil s 20:24, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Refer to peer review. Overwhelming TOC, bad section organization (find better ==Level 2== themes and organize the current sections under those), no references, lack of inline cites, and goes into more detail than needed (the more detailed text could be in daughter articles). --mav 17:15, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Refer to peer review. Gigantic structural problems. Move cabinets to sub-article. Neutralitytalk 19:56, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's actually been peer reviewed. Circeus 19:47, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * It was peer reviewed after this FAC request - check the dates. Talrias (t | e | c) 20:38, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * My very bad, THe fact remains that the peer review has been archived in the meantime without providing much actual help, apparently. Circeus 22:29, July 29, 2005 (UTC)

But 'dev' was American and he was not in power when the Republic of Ireland was set-up.Fine Gael were.He also opposed the treaty see he wasnt critical in setting up the Irish Free State either,if that is what you meant.--Muc Fíníneach 15:49, 24 August 2005 (UTC)


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Caldicot Castle

Caldicot Castle (Castell Cil-y-coed) is an extensive stone medieval castle in the town of Caldicot, Monmouthshire, in southeast Wales, built near the site of Harold Godwinson's former Saxon castle by the Norman earls of Hereford from about 1100. The castle became a Grade I listed building on 10 June 1953.

It was in the possession of Thomas of Woodstock, a son of King Edward III of England, until his death in 1391, when it reverted to the Crown.

Caldicot Estate
Caldicot is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, not for its castle, but as an agricultural holding of Durand of Gloucester, Sheriff of Gloucestershire. Walter FitzRoger, Durand's nephew, inherited his lands as well as his father's office of Constable of England which remained with the lords of Caldicot. Walter's son Milo was granted the Earldom of Hereford to add to his titles. In the time of Henry I of England the castle was probably a simple motte-and-bailey.

Bohun family
Milo's five sons died childless so his eldest daughter, Margaret, took to her marriage with Humphrey II de Bohun the Earldom of Hereford, the Constableship of England, and Caldicot. Their son Humphrey III de Bohun was the probable builder, in about 1170, of the stone keep and curtain walls of the present-day castle. The Bohun family held the manor and castle of Caldicot for more than two centuries, over eight generations.

Thomas of Woodstock
In 1376 the manor, along with 70 others, passed to Thomas of Woodstock, the fifth son of King Edward III of England, when he married Alianore de Bohun.

On the death of Edward III the throne passed to his grandson, the nine-year-old Richard II. As the new king's uncle, Thomas played an important role advising him. He was appointed Constable of England. He rarely visited Caldicot, his main estates being at Pleshey in Essex, close to the seat of power.

In 1381, however, Essex was convulsed by the Peasants' Revolt. This may be why Thomas decided to spend part of that year in Caldicot. During his stay he gave orders for major new work to be done on the castle. A new gatehouse and drawbridge were constructed. At the rear of the castle a dovecote was replaced by a new tower with private chambers, now known as the Woodstock tower. At the foot of the Woodstock tower two carved stones were to be placed, one marked 'Thomas' the other 'Alianore'.

As time passed relations between Thomas and King Richard grew increasingly strained. In 1397, on the orders of the king, Thomas was kidnapped and murdered. His property was confiscated and passed into the hands of the Crown.

House of Lancaster
In 1399 Henry Bolingbroke seized the throne from Richard, and although Mary de Bohun did not live to see her husband crowned Henry IV, her son, born at Monmouth Castle, would be one of the country's great heroes, Henry V, victor of Agincourt.

The division of the de Bohuns estates was revised after the death of Alianore and Mary de Bohun's mother Joan, who had outlived both of her daughters by some twenty years. Alianore's eldest daughter and heir, Anne, lost Caldicot to Mary's son King Henry V, and so Caldicot became part of the great Duchy of Lancaster. Held by Henry's widow, Katherine of Valois, Caldicot was later granted into the stewardship of the Herbert family for much of the fifteenth century, and then leased in the sixteenth century to their successors the Somersets with their power base at Raglan.

Decline, neglect and restoration
Caldicot Castle was evidently neglected, fell into ruin and became little more than a farmyard. The castle was sold to Charles Lewis of St Pierre in 1857. In 1885 he sold it to Joseph Richard Cobb, who began the restoration of the castle as his family home.

From 1885 to 1964, the Cobb family owned the castle. Joseph Cobb's family remained at the castle after his death and it was his son Geoffrey Wheatly Cobb, and in particular his daughter-in-law Anna, who continued the work of restoration. In the early twentieth century, many rooms were decorated with memorabilia from Nelson's first flagship, HMS Foudroyant which was owned by G. Wheatly Cobb at the end of its life. G. Wheatly Cobb died in 1931 and, after Anna's death in 1943, the castle passed to Joseph's grandson, Geoffrey Cobb who created furnished apartments for renting in three of the towers and also in parts of the gatehouse.

In 1964, Chepstow Rural District Council bought the castle from the Cobb family for £12,000, at a time when the increasing availability of council housing had supplanted the local need for the castle apartments. The building, including a small museum, was opened to the public in 1965. After 1967, medieval-style banquets were held there.

title: Caldicot Castle


text:
Talk:Ancient astronauts

White supremacy argument
The skin colour of ancient people who succeeded to build enduring monuments such as the pyramids has no relevance for the topic. The skin color of aliens is also not relevant as it cannot be inferred from any archeological archefact (I believe). The corresponding paragraphs should, therefore, be deleted. These are in the introduction:

"Further, the history of thought surrounding the subject shows that proponents have adopted white supremacist beliefs to argue that indigenous cultures around the world were incapable of the feats of technology and culture that they achieved."

and in section Overview:

"The implication is that the non-white Indigenous people in the regions in which these monuments appear could not have built them on their own.[25] However, Dakota/Lakota Sioux writer Ruth H. Burns, in Atmos magazine, counters that ancient alien theory and the idea of extra-terrestrials in general supports the viewpoints of indigenous, non-European peoples. The denial of extra-terrestrial encounters and indigenous peoples’ stories tracing their origins to extra-terrestrials is part of “Indigenous erasure,” as it minimizes or completely discounts the viewpoints of indigenous peoples. Many indigenous peoples trace their ancestry to “star-people” or the like—extra-terrestrials who as the progenitors of indigenous peoples cannot by definition be white or “Aryan.” A common feature in the stories portray the aliens as light-skinned or Aryan in complexion, as prominent alien astronaut proponent Erich von Däniken claims in his foundational work Chariots of the Gods?.[10][11] Some ancient astronaut proponents are thus associated with white supremacism, although their theories are sometimes applied to European cultures as well.[27][28]" Nibor76 (talk) 08:55, 23 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The skin colour of ancient people who succeeded to build enduring monuments such as the pyramids has no relevance for the topic. The way Wikipedia works is that editors summarize what reliable expert sources say about a given topic. Sources decide what's relevant, not editors. - LuckyLouie (talk) 12:49, 23 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I kept these paragraphs, but I moved them into a separate section. Nibor76 (talk) 11:34, 24 February 2024 (UTC)
 * @Nibor76 I believe that this argument is designed to put a negative spin on people who believe in this theory. there is no direct evidence or link between white supremacy and the idea that aliens seeded humans at some point. it should be deleted. Th3cur10usf00l (talk) 02:24, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Clearly you didn't look at the cited sources which do supply a link between white supremacy and the fans of ancient astronauts. The white supremacy angle is now part of the literature on the topic, which means it stays in. Binksternet (talk) 14:20, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
 * As far as I know, the white supremacy argument comes from the book "The Secret Doctrine" (1888) from theosophist Helena Blavatsky, where she writes about an Aryan root race. As the Wikipedia article is on a real-life topic, theosophic arguments should be banned here. Nibor76 (talk) 08:54, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
 * You could extrapolate that type of logic to link white supremacism to any theory. I agree with Th3cur10usf001 that connection only serves to slander those who accept the theory. 2A01:4B00:80F7:F000:B097:E320:701C:7A7C (talk) 05:13, 5 April 2024 (UTC)
 * If reliable sources actually did that, Wikipedia would have to follow them. It's the rules. But there is not much danger of that, because it is just your fantasy. --Hob Gadling (talk) 06:33, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

Redundancies
The text emphasizes over and over in different ways that the ancient astronaut theory is considered by mainstream scientists as pseudoscientific. All these arguments should be shifted into ony one single subsection that needs to be created and redundancies should be removed. Nibor76 (talk) 09:09, 23 February 2024 (UTC)
 * See WP:CSECTION. There may be redundancies to be removed, but we should not ghetto away the fact that this is all bullshit into one section. --Hob Gadling (talk) 11:40, 23 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I created a separate section and moved the arguments into this section. Redundancies that occurred in other parts of the article and were not needed for this section are kept. Nibor76 (talk) 11:38, 24 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Your changes were rightly reverted, as you made the article into a whitewash of its pseudoscientific foundation. Binksternet (talk) 13:21, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
 * This should be an article on a real-life topic, not an article about the way people did pseudoscientific research in this area. 85.16.3.169 (talk) 13:54, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
 * There is no such thing. Ancient astronauts is pure pseudoscience. --Hob Gadling (talk) 07:16, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Ancient astronauts is considered pure pseudoscience because the Wikipedia article presents it as pseudoscience and people believe in Wikipedia. Because of this strong bias, the article should actually be deleted. Nibor76 (talk) 07:30, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Ancient astronauts was considered pure pseudoscience (by reliable sources) long before Wikipedia existed. --Hob Gadling (talk) 10:11, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

White supremacists dont believe in aliens
White supremacists believe that the og egyptians and indians and aztecs were white people who got great replaced by higher birthrates of browns they dont believe in aliens 217.140.214.239 (talk) 13:55, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * White supremacists routinely believe all sorts of things, many of them contradictory. As far as this article is concerned however, we cite multiple sources that demonstrate the links between particular white supremacist beliefs and 'ancient astronaut' arguments. AndyTheGrump (talk) 14:39, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

How is this white supremacy?
It appears the only white washing being done here is by those in the mainstream and those reverting edits on this article, pushing the narrative that somehow, someone hypothesizing about ancient astronauts has any correlation to white supremacy. Labeling proponents as white supremacists is like saying because a white supremacist watched a particular movie, anyone who watches that same movie is also a white supremacist. It's completely absurd. This article essentially calls anyone who believes in the idea of ancient astronauts a white supremacist per the verbiage. As mentioned within the article itself, a Dakota/Sioux writer calls out the idea as being absurd. Who has more credit here? The actual indigenous native saying this narrative is ridiculous, or the white people speaking for them? The white supremacy taking place here is being done by the very people arguing against it. This quote says it all. "Dakota/Lakota Sioux writer Ruth H. Burns, in Atmos magazine, counters that ancient alien theory and the idea of extraterrestrials in general supports the viewpoints of indigenous, non-European peoples. The denial of extraterrestrial encounters and indigenous peoples’ stories tracing their origins to extraterrestrials is part of “Indigenous erasure,” as it minimizes or completely discounts the viewpoints of indigenous peoples. Many indigenous peoples trace their ancestry to “star-people” or the like—extraterrestrials who as the progenitors of indigenous peoples cannot by definition be white or “Aryan.”" So who's really the racist here? Those who dare to think outside the box, or those stripping away the very culture of indigenous peoples by claiming their beliefs have no merit and make you a "white supremacist" for believing them? You can keep your biased wiki article, I'm siding with the indigenous peoples. 2600:6C54:4A00:619:F482:AE76:39C7:CE8F (talk) 03:17, 9 May 2024 (UTC)

An odd argument about White supremacy
This argument about White Supremacy seems to be the pushing of a political agenda, onto what should be the subject of legitimate archaeological research, by deliberately ignoring inconvenient facts. For example the idea that extraterrestrial input was present in the construction of ancient structures also applies to structures in Europe. It is a long way from being clear how Stonehenge was constructed, both in terms of the weight of the blocks of stone and the distance over which they were transported from the quarry to site. As the builders of Stonehenge and other ancient megalithic sites in Europe were demonstrably white and also indigenous peoples (to Europe), it is self-evidently a nonsense to assert that the very idea of extraterrestrial assistance in the construction of ancient structures is inherently a white supremacist position. When in fact 'indigenous' means the original inhabitants of an area and does not imply ethnicity. Further, the ethnicity of the ancient Egyptians is questionable. They were however essentially of Caucasian origin as opposed to substantially Arab as per the current inhabitants of the area who are not 'indigenous' to the area. It cannot be a white supremacist viewpoint to assert that Caucasians may have needed the same help from extraterrestrials that other 'brown' indigenous peoples needed on a different continent to achieve similar feats. I have no strong views on the extraterrestrial assistance theory, nor am I a white supremacist. However as vaguely interested reader who came across this article in passing, it is obvious that it is not objectively written and that (leftist) pejoratives are used to attempt to discredit a theory which, in view of recent government releases about UAPs/UFOs, does warrant objective revaluation. This makes this article essentially worthless and discredits Wikipedia as an objective reference. In my view it is very soon going to become undeniable that UAPs do exist, that they are extraterrestrial/interdimensional in origin, that they have been observed on Earth for a very long time in the scale of human existence, and there has been substantial efforts by governments in the last 100 years or so to cover this up. At that point, as alluded to in the above post, someone stands to be left with a substantial amount of 'egg on their face' when it becomes clear that that the denial of ancient indigenous beliefs about extraterrestrial visitation is an an inherently racist position. And that these traditions were in fact completely correct. Mictlantechupi (talk) 01:57, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Please note that is not a forum for posting your own personal opinions on the topic. Or your prognostications for the future. Or anything else not based around published sources, and Wikipedia policy concerning their appropriate use in articles. AndyTheGrump (talk) 02:27, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ancient astronauts


text:
User talk:TenOfAllTrades/Template:Markups

Purpose
PLEASE NOTE: This template may look like a lot of things that it is not. Kindly take the time to understand its purpose before editing it.

{{markups}} inserts a table of Unicode character entities in such a way that one can copy the codes without having to open the page for editing. There are thousands of Unicode entities; this particular small subset is geared to avoiding MediaWiki markup. This is useful when building technical templates, documenting templates and markup, or producing sample markup. In many cases,  tags can be used to suspend wiki rendering; but using the entities gives more flexibility and avoids known bugs.

Please do not add random entities to this template. Many common special characters may be typed into the edit box and will be resolved to entities if necessary. A JavaScript edit toolbar is available, though buggy. This template is already a little big and if much more goes in, something will have to come out.

Usage
Insert this template on your user page or a convenient subpage. Transclude or substitute as you please; substitution would normally be suggested for something of this kind, but it contains quite a lot of messy markup. Choose floatkey as either left or right; if no parameter is given, the table will float right anyway.

The next step is to copy entities into your markup, creating metamarkup. These will render as the markup characters themselves, rather than provoke actions. If the text of the rendered page is again copied and pasted into an edit window, then the markup will take effect.

If, on the other hand, you want to step backwards, creating metametamarkup, escape every & with &amp; or &#38; -- thus constructs of the form &amp;#nnnn; will render as &#nnnn;

Note that these characters all have ISO-8859-1 named entities, such as &rarr; (which renders as →); however, MediaWiki asserts Unicode encoding and it is safest to use Unicode entities here.

Note that it is highly unlikely that any of this material should appear in article mainspace. It is most useful when building technical templates or explaining some feature of markup to other editors.

Finally, if you don't understand this explanation, suggest you try this all out in the Sandbox or create one or more private sandboxes at [[User:Yourname/Sandbox1]], etc. You'll be glad you did.

Examples of use
&#60;div&#62; → <div>

&#091;&#091;Billion&#093;&#093; → [[Billion]]

&#123;&#123;&#091;&#091;:billion]]}} → {{[[:billion]]}} →

History
Created and documented 03:34, 2005 May 31 (UTC) — Xiong 熊 talk *

Improved self-documenting feature by removing echo of float parameter. No parameter still floats right; if no float then "width: auto;" defaults to full enclosing box width so the double float is kept. Replaced echo with standard helpbox (points here). — Xiong 熊 talk * 14:37, 2005 August 11 (UTC)

Discussion
Sorry if I'm repeating myself, but edit this template with caution. I strongly encourage you to contact me on my talk page and ask for any improvements; I'll be happy to try to accomodate you. — Xiong 熊 talk * 03:36, 2005 May 31 (UTC)

Entity names or Unicode numbers?
It seems to me that this would be better if it used named entities instead of resorting to the Unicode glyph number (not sure of the exact terminology there). Wouldn't names generally be easier to remember and thus encourage users to use them more regularly? Perhaps, at least, another column could be added with the names. — HorsePunchKid → 龜  01:51, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I seem to recall debating that point with myself, but unfortunately I can't recall exactly the reasoning that led up to my decision to implement with numbers rather than names. I think there were a few difficulties with names; some didn't work, some didn't exist or I couldn't locate them. Another point is that this really is code; it's not text at all. When scanning a block of markup by eye, numbered entities stand out as code, rather than blending in with the rest of the text. Since the entities usually appear inline with text, quite often without so much as a space on either side, it may be handy to have the code jump out.

 * That said, I'd have no objection if you wanted to do the template over with named entities. I'd ask that you not do it by editing this template to add yet another column, though. This is already a big, bulky box. You might go about it a few different ways:

 * Create a similar template with named entities.

 * Create a similar template with both named and numbered entities.

 * (Bonus points) Create a monstercool master template, with two or three daughters and a parameter that allows the user to switch among them. Be sure this is backward compatible, so current users of markups don't need to rewrite their parameter calls.

 * If you want to try for any of this, I strongly suggest editing in a private sandbox first. I'm hardly ever around Wikipedia anymore, so if you'd like to discuss this with me, please email me (click the Chinese character in my sig). — Xiong 熊 talk * 14:46, 17 November 2005 (UTC)


text:
Stephen Cole (broadcaster)

Stephen Joseph Samuel Cole (born 29 March 1954) is a British journalist, producer, news anchor and television presenter. He was the creative force behind BBC Click and its first host from 2000 to 2006. Cole was also part of the original launch lineup for Sky News in 1989, the revamped CNN International in 1995 and the launch of Al Jazeera English in 2006, as well as anchoring for BBC World News, from 1996-2006.

He is currently a non-executive director of communications agency Brazil.

Early life
Cole was born on 29 March 1954, in Hereford, England, to Brian Cole, a businessman, and Patricia Cole (née Smith), who served in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF) during World War II at Bletchley Park, where she was tasked with decrypting Luftwaffe signals. He attended the independent Solihull School. At the age of 19, he received occupational guidance which recommended a career with HM Customs & Excise, in agriculture, or in journalism.

Career
After receiving his National Certificate for the Training of Journalists from Cardiff University, Cole was hired by the Caters News Agency, as a print reporter on national news and sports. His baptism of fire came during the Birmingham pub bombings of 1974. Having been in the city on another assignment the night of the attack, Cole covered the aftermath and the subsequent trials. From 1978 to 1989, Cole broke into television news, filing reports for ITN and BBC Nationwide, where he covered the White House Farm murders.

In 1989, Cole was hired as an anchor for Sky News, the first 24-hour television news channel in Britain, where he reported on the Fall of the Berlin Wall, the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Gulf War and the Bosnian War.

In 1994, Cole moved to Atlanta, Georgia, to anchor for CNN International, as part of a re-launch and re-branding of the channel.

Returning to the UK in 1996, Cole joined BBC World News as an anchor. In May 2005, 11,000 journalists, producers and technicians went on a one-day strike. As a non-union member under contract Cole was brought in to anchor the flagship Six O'Clock and Ten O'Clock News on BBC1, temporarily replacing regular newsreaders Sian Williams, George Alagiah and Huw Edwards.

In the year 2000, BBC management approached Cole about creating a new show for the network, offering him a choice between business and Information Technology (IT). He chose the latter, and BBC Click Online was born. Growing to reach a global audience in over 100 countries under Cole's tenure as producer and host from 2000-2006, Click Online - since renamed to simply click - recently celebrated its 1,000th episode. Cole interviewed some of the biggest names in tech at the time, including Bill Gates and Larry Ellison.

When Al Jazeera launched its English-language service in 2006, along with other British broadcasters like David Frost, Cole was “quickly snapped up”, as senior anchor and news editor, in part due to the exposure he received during the BBC strike. Cole also reported from the field on meetings of the Group of Seven, the World Economic Forum in Davos, and the black market sale of antiquities in Bulgaria.

From 2019 until his retirement from broadcast television in 2022, Cole was the executive producer and host of The Agenda with Stephen Cole, the flagship current affairs program of CGTN Europe, the Chinese state broadcaster. Since his retirement, Cole continues to work as a guest lecturer, event host and moderator.

Personal life
Cole is a member of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) and has been a judge in the TV category, and has also hosted the Royal Television Society Technology Awards. He has also chaired the General Conference of UNESCO and hosted the Eurasian Media Forum and the World Innovation Summit for Education in Doha.

A huge rugby fan, Cole is a supporter of the London Welsh RFC, having previously served as a club Director.

title: Stephen Cole (broadcaster)


text:
Olympus Superzoom 120TC

The Olympus Superzoom 120TC is a 35mm compact camera, most notable for being able to continuously shoot pictures at a rate of 4 frames per second. The 120 part of the model number represents the maximum telephoto focal length, the range being 35–120mm. The TC part indicates that it has a self-timer, and can be activated by an infra-red remote control. Another notable feature is that the zoom lens moves at 2 different speeds depending on how hard the button is depressed.

title: Olympus Superzoom 120TC


text:
Natalya Goncharova

Natal(i)ya or Natalia Goncharova may refer to:

 * Natalia Goncharova (1881–1962), Russian Cubo-Futurism painter
 * Natalia Goncharova (diver) (born 1985), Russian diver
 * Natalya Goncharova (fencer) (born 1974), Kazakhstani fencer
 * Nataliya Goncharova (volleyball) (born 1989), Russian volleyball player
 * Natalia Pushkina née Goncharova, wife of poet Alexander Pushkin

title: Natalya Goncharova


text:
Semoga Bahagia

Semoga Bahagia is a Malay song composed by the Singaporean composer Zubir Said, who also composed Majulah Singapura, the national anthem of Singapore. The song has been the official Children's Day song in Singapore since 1961, and is also performed at the Singapore Youth Festival (SYF) as its official theme song.

History
Semoga Bahagia was composed by Zubir Said and targeted at students. It was first published and performed on 7 July 1957 at the Victoria Memorial Hall, and was eventually broadcast in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur as well. On 23 September 1961, the song was chosen by the Ministry of Education to commemorate Children's Day. All schools subsequently received a copy of the song and music teachers were sent to Beatty Secondary School for rehearsals. The song was sung by students on 23 October 1961, the first commemoration of Children's Day in Singapore.

In 1974, Zubir was informed by one of his former students that the lyrics to Semoga Bahagia had been altered. Feeling that it should not have been edited without his consent, Zubir wrote an open letter to the New Nation newspaper on 25 August protesting the change, likening the act to "damaging the prestige of the original painter". He also noted that two melodic phrases had been changed and deleted, and the refrain (chorus) entirely removed. His name had also been left out of the credits in the new songsheet and replaced with someone else's name. In an interview with Berita Harian, Zubir called for a law that would prevent such an act in future, noting that there was no copyright for music and songs.

When contacted by New Nation, Charles Lazaroo from the Extra-curricular Activities Centre replied that teachers had provided feedback that non-Malay students were having trouble singing the song due to its "intricate melody", and had requested for the song be simplified. Lazaroo also stated that they had had difficulty contacting Zubir, believing he was ill. According to Zubir's daughter Rohana, the composer refused to accept the explanation as the song had been sung for many years by that point. A mediator assisted in reaching a compromise in which a repetitive verse was removed with Zubir's approval and the original lyrics reinstated, in time for the song to be taught to students that October.

Legacy
Semoga Bahagia is still sung annually on Children's Day in Singapore. It became the official theme song for the Singapore Youth Festival (SYF) and is also performed annually during the SYF.

Symbolism
The Malay title Semoga Bahagia has been variously translated as "Let Glory be Yours", "Glory belongs to you", and "May You Achieve Happiness". In the open letter published in 1974, Zubir wrote that some of the lyrics were intended to urge children to be progressive, healthy, knowledgeable, patriotic and respectful, amongst other similar themes.

title: Semoga Bahagia


text:
Ninja High School

Ninja High School (also known as NHS) is a comic book series created, written, and illustrated by Ben Dunn, published by Antarctic Press (at one point being published by Eternity Comics). On occasion other artists and writers have contributed to the series, including Katie Bair, Fred Perry, Robby Bevard, Carlos Castro, and Fabian Doles.

NHS takes place in a suburban town known as Quagmire, located "somewhere in the Midwest". The series originally centered on the misadventures of Jeremy Feeple, a 16-year-old boy attending Quagmire High School; an alien princess named Asrial from a planet called Salusia; and a young female ninja named Ichi-kun Ichihonei, from Japan. As the series progressed, more backstory was given to the main characters, and a large cast was created. Most of the cast are manga archetypes of varying degrees.

NHS started out as a limited series that mainly parodied famous anime and manga conventions. Rumiko Takahashi's Urusei Yatsura appears to be the main influence, although the title "Ninja High School" was commonly used in the 1980s to refer to Fujihiko Hosono's series Sasuga no Sarutobi, which was actually about a high school for ninja students. Later story arcs became more serious, delving into murder, drugs, and other more mature subjects.

After its initial four-issue run, the comic was popular enough to become a full series, currently totaling over 160 issues (as well as two limited series, Ninja High School V2 and Quagmire USA and the color limited series The Prom Formula). There were also two-issue furry parodies, Furry Ninja High School and Furry Ninja High School Strikes Back. Fan-contributed editions of the series include the Ninja High School Yearbook and Ninja High School Swimsuit Edition.

While not reaching great heights in critical or financial success, Ninja High School is one of few successful, long running manga-styled comics produced in America.

Publication history
Ninja High School was initially published as a three issue miniseries by Dunn's own Antarctic Press in 1987, followed by an issue #4 in January 1988 described on the cover as "Now a regular series!" In 1988, Eternity Comics collected the miniseries, along with a new part four, into a "graphic novel" in preparation for the ongoing series. The ongoing series began bi-monthly with issue #5 in June 1988, running a total of 35 issues until issue #39 in August 1993. During the period Eternity was publishing the title, the company published several NHS limited series and spin-offs, including a Ninja High School: Special Edition (re-releasing the original mini-series with new art, reprinting "part four" of the graphic novel as issue #3.5, and reprinting issue #4), Ninja High School in Color (1992–1993), and a two-issue intercompany crossover with NOW Comics' Speed Racer in 1993. When Eternity shut down, Antarctic Press took over publication of NHS starting with an issue #0 in May 1994. Resuming the numbering with issue #40, Antarctic published 137 issues, ending with issue #175 in August 2009. Story continuity was "reset" three times, between issues #57 and #58, issues #74 and #75, and issues #129 and #130.

During this period, NHS crossed over with its fellow Antarctic Press title, Gold Digger; Antarctic has since published many associated one-shots and limited series.

Issue #74 (publication date April 2000) of the original series completed the Jeremy storylines, and in 1999–2000, Antarctic published a twelve-issue NHS Volume 2, focusing on Jeremy's younger brother, Ricky. Set four years after Ninja High School #74, Volume 2 reset continuity so that Ninja High School #1-74 took place in 1989, not 1986. NHS Volume 2, therefore (as well as all issues of NHS after issue #75+) took place in the 1990s.

From issue #101 to #126, the comic was written and drawn by Katie Bair (with assists from Robby Bevard), had a title change (shortened) to just NHS, returned to black and white, and the setting changes to Hawaii. The only major character who carried over from the previous cast was Yumei Katana. This run was later collected into individual volumes under the new title, Ninja High School: Hawaii.

From #127 to #129, the comic was cooperatively developed by Fred Perry and Ben Dunn to transition from the Hawaii storyline back to the Quagmire location. The focus returned to the Volume 2 cast.

In #130, Ricky Feeple returns to the spotlight, in what, after the events of the second "Quagmire US" miniseries, may or may not be an alternate timeline. From here the version was dubbed Shidoshi by Antarctic Press to separate it from the original series. The Shidoshi series ran eight issues, and a new version of NHS was planned focusing on a new batch of characters.

Plot
The story centers on Jeremy Feeple, an ordinary student at Quagmire High, living an ordinary life. Shortly into the story, a beautiful female ninja named Itchy Koo (real name Ichikun Ichinohei) and an alien princess named Asrial appear. The earlier stories focus on the girls' comedic attempts to marry this seemingly plain, ordinary high school boy.

The series plot started rather simply: Princess Asrial was sent to Earth to find Jeremy Feeple and marry him, an act that was described as required to ensure that their enemies do not lay claim to the planet. Since Earth was a non-aligned world, anyone could claim it, and the Salusians were desperate to keep it from being used against them. Ichi went to America to marry Jeremy as well, although her reasons for the trip were different, in order to become leader of her clan, her grandfather informed her that she had to marry the boy, the reason behind this is that Jeremy's mother was raised by this grandfather, and they wanted to be blood related.

Shortly after landing, Asrial, Ichi, and Jeremy Feeple get caught up in a whirlwind of comic mischief, fighting, and plots by local villains to take over the planet. The comic often features parody versions of other comics or television shows, usually Japanese, but occasionally European or American, such as Kamen Rider, Power Rangers, Ultraman, Harry Potter, Superman, The Powerpuff Girls, Terminator, RoboCop, Ninja Gaiden, Transformers, Fist of the North Star, and the Gundam series.

Later the series does a time skip and focus on Jeremy's little brother, Ricky Feeple (who was mostly a minor character in the first series), as he enters high school himself, gaining new friends and soon coming into conflict with a rival ninja clan known as Shidoshi who set their sights on destroying him. While the comic still retained its comedic tones, it also ventured into darker territory and has a bit more drama thrown in than the original NHS.

 * The V2 spin-off has little to do with the actual storyline, although several main characters are used in the plot. It was created by Ben Dunn because it gave him the ability to tell stories he never got a chance to do with the original cast of characters. Furthermore, it allowed him to update the NHS timeline a bit.
 * Between issues #75 to #100, the storyline departed from the main line and started focusing on Ricky Feeple and his temporal trips to alternate timelines on a bid to save the universe from being destroyed. In this time, Asrial had been seen to have left Earth for Salusia on important yet unknown business at that time. Eventually the universe is saved.
 * Asrial's return to Earth following her trip came included with two children named Kassy and Lexus. Their age at introduction places them as at least 6 to 8 years old. As they are Salusian in appearance, Jeremy believes Asrial married someone else, however, when they call Jeremy "daddy", Asrial admits to Jeremy he is their father. It is then assumed that the reason Asrial left was because Jeremy impregnated her and thought it safer to raise them on Salusia in a more stable environment. Likewise, this time gap could be explained by the temporal hopping Ricky did in his efforts to save the universe. This is the first time that the connection between Jeremy and Asrial has been confirmed as mutually romantic although there may be earlier evidence of this romantic and violent interest in earlier issues. A point ending the first run was when Ichi-Kun reveals her first pregnancy, which is in conjunction with Asrial's third pregnancy, but with a note saying the series would continue at a later date.
 * Jeremy gets involved at least twice in Salusian affairs, one time by accident, in which he manages to uncover some secret plots to bring the Salusian Conglomerate to ruin.

Main characters

 * Jeremy Feeple: A mild-mannered teenage boy attending Quagmire High School, generally described in the series as average in everything. Though he has not trained as extensively in the ninja arts as his younger brother Ricky, it is revealed later in the series that he does possess some stealth and infiltration skills. When Asrial shows up to marry him, mass mayhem ensues as another suitor and local events turn his world inside out. In the beginning, it was thought that Ichi would marry him, to the point that a character was seen in early issues who was from a future in which they did marry, but he eventually falls in love with Asrial and marries her instead, negating that reality. He is also the father of their three children. Despite being the star of the first series of adventures, Jeremy does not seem to follow in the footsteps of his mother Anna, and is instead among the more 'normal' members of the cast, though he is shown to be courageous and willing to fight for friends and loved ones.
 * Ichi-kun Ichinohei: The granddaughter of the head of the Ichinohei clan. Ichi came to Quagmire due to a prearrangement with Anna Feeple a former member of the Ichinohei clan. Her goal was to have Jeremy marry her so that she could take over the clan, but she was soon caught up in the general Quagmire craziness. Ichi can be aggressive, and very to the point, though she is a very sweet girl. Ichi was always thought of to be the one who would marry Jeremy, this did not come true. Ichi eventually married Rivalsan Lendo, and the two were last seen to be expecting their first child. Ichi, like Asrial, at one point was genuinely enamored with Jeremy, though she later came to love Lendo. Unlike Jeremy, Ichi-kun- who was also sometimes referred to as "Itchy koo" as a nickname by others in the cast- was fully competent in martial arts, as she was trained in ninjutsu by the Ichinohei clan, and often fought with Asrial over Jeremy as much as she did actual threats to the lives of all three characters during their time in the spotlight as the primary characters of the series.
 * Asrial: A Salusian (race of humanoid skunks) Princess hailing from the planet Salusia. In order to avoid detection on Earth, she was transformed by a scientist into a human girl with long blonde hair, though she retained her skunk-like ears atop her head. She has superhuman strength and great intelligence, although her attitude is the antithesis of Ichi-kun in that she is more reserved and less prone to headstrong decisions, likely due to her royal upbringing. She was ordered to marry Jeremy in order to cement an alliance between Salusia and Earth, which led to a rivalry with Ichi-kun. However, her determination to marry Jeremy was not solely on orders, but because she had genuinely fallen in love with him. Ultimately Asrial marries Jeremy, and gives birth to a set of boy-girl fraternal twins. She later gives birth to a third child; another daughter.
 * Ricky Feeple: Jeremy's brother, who finds himself jealous of all the attention that Jeremy gets, among other issues. Ricky becomes one of the primary protagonists of the Shidoshi arc of Ninja High School, showcasing his martial arts talent, gained from training with his mother. He ends up married at the end of Shidoshi and he and his wife are currently expecting the birth of their first child.
 * Yumei Katana: A ninja whose family married into the Rivalsans and along with Ricky one of the two rivals of Tetsuo Rivalsan, she eventually moved to Hawaii where she was beset by suiters, blind samurai, and the children of gods. Yumei serves as the protagonist of the Hawaii arc.
 * Rivalsan Lendo: The head of the Rivalsan Ninja Corporation's US branch. Lendo has had a childhood crush on Ichi-kun, and had followed her to Quagmire when she moved from Japan. Lendo tried to foil Kudasai's prearrangement by kidnapping Jeremy. After his plan failed, Lendo tried to leave, but was stopped by his father. Thus, he was stuck in Quagmire until he could improve the profitability of its RNC branch. Rivalsan became a recurring character, fitting the rich but arrogant type. The name Lendo is basically a take on that of Shuutarou Mendou from Urusei Yatsura.
 * Anna Feeple: Jeremy Feeple's mother. She's a wizened woman who used to be a martial artist and heir to a dojo before she married Jeremy's father and settled down into retirement.
 * Robert Feeple: Jeremy Feeple's father. He is an exterminator who was once hired by Ichi-kun's grandfather to rid the dojo of rats, which led to his chance meeting with Anna that ultimately resulted in their marriage. He is seen in two flashbacks, one where Anna explains that in order to leave the clan to marry, she had to promise Jeremy to the clan's first daughter, then with Jeremy at a very young age where he is explaining he must go off and kill many rodents, but will not be returning due to too many chemicals. Although this strongly suggested Mr. Feeple took his own life, it was later revealed he is now living in a faraway kingdom, as in a later issue Jeremy is reunited with his father.
 * Professor Johann Steamhead (Steamhein): German-born Jew who was expelled from his homeland in the early 1930s, just as he was beginning his science career. A devout scientist, Steamhein had a passion for harnessing the wonders of steam. His inventions were already known in the field of animal control when he came to America. He'd made a friendship with Jeremy and Ricky's grandfather long before he became a teacher at Quagmire High School. Before leaving Germany, Professor Johann Steamheinn was a colleague of Professor Hossenfeffer. Due to a disagreement about something, they have not been on speaking terms ever since. Professor Steamhead is also the inventor of Zetranite, the substance that gives the Zetramen their powers.
 * Heidi (Tomorrow Girl): Modeled after Supergirl, Tomorrow Girl is a superhero who makes several appearances. She is not an alien however, but instead a synthoid, a kind of artificial construct designed to resemble a human down to the cell structure. Originally, Heidi came from a future where an artificial intelligent race has enslaved mankind. She was sent to the present to bring back Jeremy, as his capture was crucial for the survival of that race. She and her adopted 'father' Tomorrow Man both defend the city of Quagmire. Heidi dated Ricky Feeple for a time during the early issues of Shidoshi, though their relationship did not last and various events throughout the arc kept them apart to the point that by the time they had encountered one another again, Ricky was married and had completed his ninja training.
 * Arnie: An incredibly strong man. Early on, he defeated Lendo's bodyguard Kenterminator. Good friends with Jeremy and the gang, he was an older brother/guardian figure. He later was the leader of a group of teen heroes whom Ricky Feeple was a member of.
 * Kaiju Akaru: Jeremy's rival for Ichi's affections (or so he would like to think) Akaru came from a small pacific island named Guri-guri. As a child he had received a letter in a bottle from a girl wishing for a friend—Ichi. When Akaru got older he left Guri-guri island and sought out to find Ichi with one goal: to make her his bride. Akaru arrived in Quagmire with his squid, Sigmund. He first ran into Asrial after picking fruit from her tree. After a quick encounter, Akaru was sent on his way with one of Asrial's fist. Later after meeting Ichi, Akaru decided to take her back by force. Ichi was saved by Asrial and Jeremy, but after disabling Asrial's Vette, it was then reduced to a fight between Jeremy and Akaru. Jeremy was definitely not in his best form, as Akaru was stronger and a much better fighter (tempered by his lifestyle in the wild). With the quick intervention of Asrial and a Salusian Power Drink (akin to steroids) the fight was quickly put to an end. Afterwards Akaru decided to stay and learn of this new place.
 * Kalen: Asrial's older half-brother. Kalen was born from a union between King Jerka and an unknown lover. Kalen was a member of the ISC, but a falling out with his father led to a rift that has never quite been resolved. Kalen soon after became a pirate and recipe connoisseur. Kalen has always had a close relation to Asrial, and has constantly fought on the forces of good. Kalen's role in the intergalactic war between Zardon and Salusia was key in Salusia's victory as he had assisted in the escape of Asrial when captured by Zardonian Princess Leanna. Kalen was also selected by Asrial to watch over her daughter Kassy when it was deemed necessary for her safety. Currently Kalen's whereabouts are unknown, but he has added Solara to his crew.
 * Kudasai Ichinohei: Kudasai is the head of the Ichinohei Clan from the beginning of the series. He appears short and vulnerable, but is able to reveal a stunningly buff physique by just taking off his shirt. In the spring of 1945 Kudasai Ichinohei crash landed somewhere in Russia. There he gained the trust of a young Russian woman named Tasha. Though their initial first encounter was a scare for the both of them. Tasha would help Kudasai gather the equipment to repair his plane so that he could leave. However some Russian soldiers tried to attack Tasha, and she was shot in the process. Tasha begged Kudasai to take her daughter Anna with him. Kudasai raised Anna along with his son. After Japan has surrendered on August 10, 1945, America occupied the country. A military officer named Jerome Feeple came to help during Americas occupation by exterminating rats and bringing in food. Kudasai and Jerome became great friends. Soon the two began a small toy making company. Rivalsan Kenjo came along to help run the business, though a disagreement would cause him to leave and form the infamous R.N.C. As time passed Kudasai would reestablish his clan, leading the Ichinohei's to the forefront of ninja-dom.

Publications

 * Ninja High School TEXTBOOK volume 1 Class Reunion Edition: Includes Ninja High School #1-3, 3 1/2, 4-23.
 * softcover (ISBN 0-93065526-5/978-0-93065526-6, 2014-12-02)

 * Ninja High School TEXTBOOK volume 1: Includes Ninja High School #0-4.
 * digital (Antarctic Press/Cosplay Comics, 2015-08-03)

 * Ninja High School TEXTBOOK volume 2/NHS: Includes Ninja High School #24-43, Super NHS.
 * softcover by Antarctic Press (ISBN 0-96635887-2/978-0-96635887-2, 2003-02-23)
 * Reunion Edition softcover by Antarctic Press (ISBN 0-93065546-X/978-0-93065546-4, 2016-06-29)

 * Ninja High School Textbook volume 2: Includes Ninja High School #6-10.
 * digital by Antarctic Press/Cosplay Comics

 * Ninja High School TEXTBOOK volume 3: Includes Ninja High School #11-15.
 * digital (2015-08-03)

 * Ninja High School TEXTBOOK volume 4: Includes Ninja High School #17-21.
 * digital (Antarctic Press/Cosplay Comics, 2015-08-04)

 * Ninja High School Hawaii volume 1/Ninja High School Hawaii 1/NHS Hawaii 1
 * Antarctic Press softcover (ISBN 0-97680431-X/978-0-97680431-4, 2006-03-28)

 * Ninja High School Hawaii volume 2/Ninja High School Hawaii 2
 * Antarctic Press softcover (ISBN 0-97764243-7/978-0-97764243-4, 2006-11-21)

 * Ninja High School Hawaii volume 3/Ninja High School Hawaii 3
 * Antarctic Press softcover (ISBN 0-97877250-4/978-0-97877250-5, 2007-06-19)

 * Ninja High School Hawaii volume 4/Ninja High School Hawaii 4
 * Antarctic Press softcover (ISBN 0-97877257-1/978-0-97877257-4, 2007-09-11)

 * Ninja High School Hawaii volume 5/Ninja High School Hawaii 5
 * Antarctic Press softcover (ISBN 0-97927231-9/978-0-97927231-8, 2007-11-06)

 * Ninja High School Indie Wars
 * softcover (Antarctic Press, 2020-12-02)
 * digital (Antarctic Press, 2020-12-03)

 * Ninja High School: V.2 Edition 1/Ninja High School No.1
 * Antarctic Press digital (2014-03-08)

 * Ninja High School: V.2 Edition 2/Ninja High School
 * Antarctic Press digital (2014-03-09)

In other media
At one point the rights to the comic book series were optioned by Perfect Circle Productions with the intention of it being developed into a feature film. The comic book was also adapted into a role-playing game by Battlefield Press.

Reception
The work has been described as one of the first non-Japanese manga-like works, and an important work in the resurgence of children and young adult comic books in the West.

title: Ninja High School


text: Category:KMFDM songs

title: Category:KMFDM songs


text:
Pahaliah

Pahaliah is the guardian angel of redemption (name meaning God Redeemer) and is invoked to give revelations of truth and wisdom. He is a member of the Order of Thrones and an angel of Virtuosity. He rules theology and morals, granting wisdom, determination and knowledge, and is one of the angels bearing the mystical name of God, Shemhamphorae (Heb. שם המפורש Shem ha-mephorash — "the Ineffable Name", i.e. the Tetragrammaton).

title: Pahaliah


text:
User:Majin Gojira

General
Joined May 30 of 2005 at approximately 1:00pm Eastern Standard Time. Will probably not make many edits outside of cursory edits and small expansions of certain articles.

Userbox Descriptions

title: User:Majin Gojira


text:
J. Keith van Straaten

J. Keith van Straaten (born June 16, 1971) is an American actor, host, and writer. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

On TV, he hosted the first season of the Comedy Central game show Beat the Geeks in 2001 and began appearing as a panelist on VH1's Best Week Ever in 2006. He frequently appears as a commentator on E! Entertainment Television on shows such as: 25 Most Memorable Swimsuit Moments and Wildest Spring Break Moments.

Van Straaten has worked with Yahoo! on a number of projects. During the 2007 and 2008 Academy Award season, he authored a blog on Yahoo! Movies covering events and information up to and including the awards show. He also wrote their 2007 Summer and Holiday Movie Guides. The 28 short Yahoo! Answers On The Street segments were also hosted by van Straaten.

He briefly hosted a weekend internet radio show in 2007, the Game Show Radio Game Show.

Van Straaten has appeared in several television commercials, including those for McDonald's, Nike, and Cheez-It. He hosted the pilot for the US edition of Balls of Steel.

He produced and hosted a live-on-stage revival of What's My Line? at the Barrow Street Theatre in New York City, following its run at ACME Comedy Theatre in Los Angeles, California. He also created puzzles and served as a writer on NPR's quiz show "Ask Me Another". Also, he produced and hosted "The Fix-Up Show," a live-on-stage matchmaking show at the Triad Theater in New York City.

Currently he hosts the Maximum Fun podcast "Go Fact Yourself" alongside comedian Helen Hong.

title: J. Keith van Straaten


text:
National Aquarium

There are several institutions known as the National Aquarium:

Africa

 * National Marine Aquarium of Namibia

Asia

 * National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Taiwan

Europe

 * National Aquarium Denmark
 * National Marine Aquarium, Plymouth, England

North America

 * National Aquarium (Baltimore), U.S.
 * National Aquarium (Washington, D.C.), U.S.

Oceania

 * National Aquarium of New Zealand
 * National Zoo & Aquarium, Canberra, Australia

title: National Aquarium


text:
Chanat-la-Mouteyre

Chanat-la-Mouteyre (Chanat e la Moteira) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Twin towns
Chanat is twinned with the town of Cappoquin in Ireland.

title: Chanat-la-Mouteyre


text:
Sayat

Sayat is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.

Geography
Sayat is situated northwest of Clermont-Ferrand. The commune consists of the villages Sayat, Argnat and Le Mas d'Argnat.

title: Sayat


text:
Canadian allocations changes under NARBA

The North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA) took effect on March 29, 1941, requiring nearly all radio stations in North America to change frequency. This article details the major Canadian allocations changes under NARBA.

The principal reason for Canada in entering the NARBA negotiations was to gain more clear-channel allocations for Canadian stations, particularly for the CBC, which at that time was both Canada's public broadcaster and also its broadcasting regulator. Up to that point, these allocations had been dominated by commercial stations from the United States. Canada had only six clear-channel frequencies: 540, 690, 730, 840, 910, and 1050, of which 540, 730, and 910 were shared with Mexico, and 1050 was shared with the United States.

The result of the treaty for Canada was to add new clear-channel allocations at 740, 990, and 1010; with the expansion of the AM band to 1605 kHz, Canada would later add 1580.

Most stations throughout North America were minimally affected by the allocations changes. Their channels simply moved up (or in a few cases down) the dial to a new frequency which was shared (or not) with the same stations as were there before. Major Canadian cities, however, saw more changes, as the creation of the three new clear channels invited a reshuffle of channels among the existing broadcasters. (No new Canadian stations were licensed as a part of this process.) The major changes were as follows:

 * In the Maritimes, CBA in Sackville, New Brunswick moved from 1050 to 1070. There were (and are) no other clear-channel stations in the Maritimes.
 * In Quebec, all of the important stations were located in Montreal. CKAC on 730 remained unchanged.  CBF moved from 910 (which would have become 940) to 690, paving the way for CBM to move from 960, a regional channel, to clear-channel 940.
 * In Ontario, changes were again limited to the largest city, Toronto. CBL moved from 840 (which would have become 860) to the new clear, 740.  This allowed CFRB to move from 690 to 860, freeing up 690 for use in Montreal.
 * In Manitoba, Winnipeg's CKY moved from 910 to 990. (The channel would eventually be taken over by the CBC.)
 * In Alberta, CJCA in Edmonton moved from clear channel 730 to regional channel 930. (This would make it possible for the CBC to later build CBX in Edmonton on 740 kHz.)  In Calgary, CFCN moved from 1030 to 1010; that channel would also eventually be taken over by the CBC.
 * In British Columbia, Vancouver's CBR moved from 1100 to 1130, both secondary assignments on a U.S. clear channel. (It would only later move to 690, opening up the 1130 allocation for a commercial station in Vancouver.)


text:
Zobrist hashing

Zobrist hashing (also referred to as Zobrist keys or Zobrist signatures ) is a hash function construction used in computer programs that play abstract board games, such as chess and Go, to implement transposition tables, a special kind of hash table that is indexed by a board position and used to avoid analyzing the same position more than once. Zobrist hashing is named for its inventor, Albert Lindsey Zobrist. It has also been applied as a method for recognizing substitutional alloy configurations in simulations of crystalline materials. Zobrist hashing is the first known instance of the generally useful underlying technique called tabulation hashing.

Calculation of the hash value
Zobrist hashing starts by randomly generating bitstrings for each possible element of a board game, i.e. for each combination of a piece and a position (in the game of chess, that's 12 pieces × 64 board positions, or 18 × 64 if kings and rooks that may still castle, and pawns that may capture en passant, are treated separately for both colors). Now any board configuration can be broken up into independent piece/position components, which are mapped to the random bitstrings generated earlier. The final Zobrist hash is computed by combining those bitstrings using bitwise XOR. Example pseudocode for the game of chess:

constant indices white_pawn := 1 white_rook := 2 # etc.    black_king := 12 function init_zobrist: # fill a table of random numbers/bitstrings table := a 2-d array of size 64×12 for i from 1 to 64: # loop over the board, represented as a linear array for j from 1 to 12:     # loop over the pieces table[i][j] := random_bitstring table.black_to_move = random_bitstring function hash(board): h := 0 if is_black_turn(board): h := h XOR table.black_to_move for i from 1 to 64:     # loop over the board positions if board[i] ≠ empty: j := the piece at board[i], as listed in the constant indices, above h := h XOR table[i][j] return h

Use of the hash value
If the bitstrings are long enough, different board positions will almost certainly hash to different values; however longer bitstrings require proportionally more computer resources to manipulate. The most commonly used bitstring (key) length is 64 bits. Many game engines store only the hash values in the transposition table, omitting the position information itself entirely to reduce memory usage, and assuming that hash collisions will not occur, or will not greatly influence the results of the table if they do.

Zobrist hashing is the first known instance of tabulation hashing. The result is a 3-wise independent hash family. In particular, it is strongly universal.

As an example, in chess, at any one time each of the 64 squares can at any time be empty, or contain one of the 6 game pieces, which are either black or white. Also, it can be either black's turn to play or white's turn to play. Thus one needs to generate 6 x 2 x 64 + 1 = 769 random bitstrings. Given a position, one obtains its Zobrist hash by finding out which pieces are on which squares, and combining the relevant bitstrings together. If the position is black to move, the black-to-move bitstring is also included in the Zobrist hash.

Updating the hash value
Rather than computing the hash for the entire board every time, as the pseudocode above does, the hash value of a board can be incrementally updated simply by XORing out the bitstring(s) for positions that have changed, and XORing in the bitstrings for the new positions. For instance, if a pawn on a chessboard square is replaced by a rook from another square, the resulting position would be produced by XORing the existing hash with the bitstrings for:

'pawn at this square'     (XORing out the pawn at this square) 'rook at this square'     (XORing in the rook at this square) 'rook at source square'   (XORing out the rook at the source square)

This makes Zobrist hashing very efficient for traversing a game tree.

In computer Go, this technique is also used for superko detection.

Wider usage
More generically, Zobrist hashing can be applied over finite sets of elements (in the chess example, these elements are $$(piece, position)$$ tuples), as long as a random bitstring can be assigned to each possible element. This can be either done with a random number generator for smaller element spaces, or with a hash function for larger ones. This method has been used to recognize substitutional alloy configurations during Monte Carlo simulations in order to prevent wasting computational effort on states that have already been calculated.

title: Zobrist hashing


text:
Body of Evidence

Body of Evidence may refer to:

 * Body of Evidence (1988 film), a 1988 TV film starring Barry Bostwick and Margot Kidder
 * Body of Evidence (novel), a 1991 novel by Patricia Cornwell
 * Body of Evidence (1993 film), a 1993 erotic drama starring Madonna and Willem Dafoe
 * Body of Evidence, a 1999 mystery novel series by Christopher Golden
 * Body of Evidence: From the case files of Dayle Hinman, a 2001 television series showcasing the case files of Dayle Hinman on truTV

title: Body of Evidence


text:
Orcines

Orcines is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France. Located at the foot of the Chaine des Puys, Orcines is an important village for the hikers who come visiting the natural heritage in Auvergne. The town belongs to the rural area of Clermont-Ferrand.

Geography
Apart from Orcines proper, the commune also includes fifteen villages : Ternant, Sarcenat, La Fontaine du Berger, Chez Vasson, Le Gressigny, Solagnat, La Baraque, Villars, La Font de l'Arbre, Montrodeix, where the small river Tiretaine originates, Enval, Le Cheix, Bonnabry, Bellevue et Fontanas, one of the most sizeable.

People

 * Rev. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, S.J.
 * The population in this village is relatively older than the average in France (see French article).

title: Orcines


text:
Talk:Paris (mythology)

Comments
Only someone who lacks the social ability to interpret normal human gestures would suggest that "that Paris is shown receiving the gift of life from the trio of Goddesses." It is completely obvious he is handing the apple to Aphrodite. Among many other reasons, the position of his arm (what kind of human would receive a gift from the goddesses with 1 outstretched arm while lounging on a rock???) and the fact that Hera is pissed off and has her back to him should clue one in. Exactly who champions this alternative interpretation? -- Sour pickle 17:14, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. I couldn't google any such support.  So I removed this passage:
 * An alternative interpretation is that Paris is shown receiving the gift of life from the trio of goddesses. This interpretation is supported by the contention that the three goddesses represent a single goddess in her three aspects of nymph, mother and crone and that to choose the most beautiful makes no sense in this context.
 * —James S. 09:18, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

I've removed this sentence from the section on Paris in the Trojan War: "Since Homer was Greek, and naturally wanted the Trojans to seem cowardly and weak, he portrayed them as thus." Not only does the statement run contrary to what Homer actually does in the Iliad, where the Trojan characters...particularly Hector...appear quite often as great examples of virtue and bravery, it discusses something outside the scope of what Homer does at all. The passage the sentence is taken from discusses Paris killing Achilles, while the Iliad itself ends when Hector's funeral, prior to Achilles' death. Homer never portrays Paris killing Achilles at all. - Anon.

I have a similar issue with the constant identification of archery with Cowardice-this may have been a common Greek belief, I don't know, it would have to be verified. Certainly, poisoning arrows is less than manly, but but Homer doesn't seem to suggest archery in general is cowardly, given that he never suggest that Teucer, for example, is a coward for using arrows. It seems more likely to identify Paris as definately from Asia Minor (as archery was associated with the East, particularly Lydia, just to the South of Troy.) I don't want to delete it right off the bat, but if no one objects I would alter it. Matveiko 19:00, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

Possible existence and Hittite records
This article really should mention the treaty between Hittite King Muwatalli II and one Alaksandu, king of Wilusa. This name is very likely cognate to the Greek Alexandros.

Helen's Visit to Oenone
I've always know it that it was Paris who begged to be taken to Oenone. Edith Hamilton's Mythology supports this. She writes:

"...Paris begged to be carried to Oenone, the nymph he had lived with on Mount Ida before the three godesses came to him. She had told him that she knew a magic drug to cure any ailment. They took him to her and he asked her for his life, but she refused." (From the Fall of Troy chapter)

I'm not sure if there is another source which says that Helen had involvement, like this article says. Does anyone have the source for that particular part? Has anyone heard this particular version of the story before? If not, I think a fix up of this section might be in order. Are there any objections to this? I will gladly volunteer to do the appropriate changes if everyone is in agreement. Thanks,--France3470 20:25, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

The Ares Story
Is there another source at all for the story about Paris awarding Ares a crown at the end of the childhood section? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.235.11.224 (talk) 11:40, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

"Paris gave the crown to Ares without hesitation; it was this apparent honesty in judgment that prompted the gods of Olympus to have Paris arbitrate the divine contest between Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena."

Hamilton makes no mention of this in Mythology. She merely says, "[Zeus] told [Hera, Aphrodite, and Pallas Athena] to go to Mount Ida, near Troy, where the young prince Paris, also called Alexandros, was keeping his father's sheep. He was an excellent judge of beauty, Zeus told them." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.235.11.224 (talk) 11:48, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

l000000 38.88.200.194 (talk) 13:52, 21 July 2021 (UTC)

Unreferenced garbage
This article is complete unreferenced garbage with POV (mercilessly?)... Complete rewrite is called for. There are enough ancient sources. Meishern (talk) 16:48, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

 * I very much agree: there is a truly disrespectful and flamboyant lack of sources in this article.

 * ICE77 (talk) 23:42, 6 May 2018 (UTC)

Ambiguous entries
1. "it is speculated that in order to hit Achilles, he hit him from behind. Tradition holds that Paris killed Achilles later in the war. Many accounts attribute it to an arrow guided by Apollo."

Would it be possible to add some sources for these two accounts?

2. "The story was also made into a musical, Paris Prince of Troy, written by Jon English and David Mackay." What story? Let's be more specific with that entry.

ICE77 (talk) 00:28, 1 September 2011 (UTC)

Edit request on 21 March 2012
{to go under later treatments} Paris is portrayed as pretty face with no brains in the selection of Aphrodite in a section of the novel, Quicksilver by Stephanie Spinner (2005)

Danieltrue2009 (talk) 02:31, 21 March 2012 (UTC)

Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Thanks, Celestra (talk) 02:28, 23 March 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 18 May 2013
Please change:
 * Paris's second attempt at combat is equally faced: rather than engage the Greek hero Diomedes in melee combat, Paris wounds Diomedes with an arrow through the foot.

to
 * Paris's second attempt at combat is equally faced: rather than engage the Greek hero Diomedes in hand-to-hand combat, Paris wounds Diomedes with an arrow through the foot.

"Melee combat" in the sense of hand-to-hand fighting is from role-playing games. In the real world, "melee" is the incorrect word to use here as it cannot apply to single combat or any sort of organized fighting.

192.35.35.36 (talk) 05:16, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done - Thanks! -- El Hef  ( Meep ? ) 13:39, 18 May 2013 (UTC)

Oenone
The last sentence in the 2nd paragraph of Paris's Childhood says "When Paris later left [Oenone] for Helen she told him that if he ever was wounded, he should come to her for she could heal any injury, even the most serious wounds." This is unsourced and jibes with Oenone's article and the 4th paragraph of Paris and the Trojan War, both of which say she refused to heal him later. Could someone remove this sentence? (Also, it would be nice if someone could specify that she was his first wife, not just a lover). 66.229.133.209 (talk) 02:51, 3 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Semi-protected edit request on 29 April 2018
In the 2018 series Troy: fall of a city, change the "will be" to "is," since Netflix has posted the series TexasResister64 (talk) 13:50, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done with thanks, Nici  Vampire  Heart  14:26, 29 April 2018 (UTC)

Discrepancies and lack of sources
1. "The herdsman, unable to use a weapon against the infant, left him exposed on Mount Ida".

Mount Ida can be the one in Crete or the one in Anatolia. The text should be clear which one it is and the link should point to the right place (there is a link for both mountains).

2. "Hecuba was also unable to kill the child, despite the urging of the priestess of Apollo, one Herophile".

Herophile points to Sibyl. However, it's not clear what Herophile means in this context since it appears to be the name of a Sybil so that "one" doesn't make sense.

3. What source uses the word "kallisti", mentions Zeus's refusal to arbitrate, the three goddesses initially bathing and then approaching Paris with his cattle?

Pseudo-Apollodorus (Bibliotheca, E. 3.2) and Hyginus (Fabulae 92) do not mention any of the above.

4. I would like to see original sources for the undressing of the goddesses as a wish of Paris or on their own accord.

5. "Hera offered ownership of all of Europe and Asia".

This is not true. Hera promises "kingdom over all men" (Pseudo-Apollodorus) and says "he would be king of all the lands and surpass everyone else in riches" (Hyginus).

6. "according to some accounts, she fell in love with Paris and left willingly".

What are the accounts/sources?

7. "Later, after slaying Hector and other heroes, Achilles dies by an arrow of Paris with Apollo's help".

What source says Paris got Apollo's help?

8. "Later in the war, after Philoctetes mortally wounds Paris, Helen makes her way to Mount Ida".

Is it Mount Ida in Crete or Anatolia? It should be clarified and the link updated to go to the right place (again, there is a link for both mountains).

9. "In another version, Paris himself, in great pain, visits Oenone to plead for healing but is refused and dies on the mountainside".

What is the version? Is it according to Quintus Smyrnaeus?

10. The article first states "When Paris later left her [Oenone] for Helen, she told him that if he ever was wounded, he should come to her, for she could heal any injury, even the most serious wound." Then the article says "Still bitter that Paris had spurned her for his birthright in the city and then forgotten her for Helen, Oenone refuses [to heal him]".

There seems to be a contradition or a change of mind on the side of Oenone.

ICE77 (talk) 23:53, 6 May 2018 (UTC)

Name section
It says that his name is etymologically unrelated to France's capital, but it links to a tribe that lived in the area of France, whose first paragraph says the city of Paris derives its name from them. Something Doesn't add up 2600:4041:5974:4300:1522:769A:3EF:5B88 (talk) 19:33, 27 June 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm just a historical enthusiast, but when I've been learning some Hittite and in the process I've come across Luwian vocabulary as well. To me "Parizitis" is obviously Luwian and a compound, in plain text at that. The same beginnings as with Priam, Pa-ri,then +ziti and +s. Essentially 'Brave'+'man'+nominative case. Similar names in meaning would be Andreas. Alternatively you could go a little more far fetched and go Pariyazitis, meaning something like 'man belonging to the foremost [people]/Elite'. You can check out the etymology under Priam there or these to figure it out yourself.
 * Imo the name Paris isn't even 'probably' luwian, it is luwian, you can clearly see it's not Greek or Hittite for example. Thus it's also as far from French Paris as you can get.
 * Just saying. Wonder why not any scholar has figured it out yet :D. Kennet Mattfolk (talk) 08:15, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Introduction to Mythology
— Assignment last updated by Wgronwald6 (talk) 23:32, 17 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paris (mythology)


text:
The Art of Picking Up Women

The Art of Picking Up Women is a 2005 EP by The Dix, a fictitious doo-wop group from the fictional town of Compton, New York, formed by Prince Paul, Mr. Len, Mr. Dead and Don Newkirk. A parody of 1950s/60s doo-wop, the album also has influences of funk, dancehall, downtempo and soul. The record is accompanied by a bonus DVD featuring a mockumentary about the history of the fictional band.

title: The Art of Picking Up Women


text:
Kraj

A Kraj (plural: kraje) is the highest-level administrative unit in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. For lack of other English expressions, the Slavic term is often translated as "province", "region", or "territory", although it approximately means "(part of) country", or "(part of) countryside". A kraj is subdivided into okresy ("districts").

The first kraje were created in the Kingdom of Bohemia during the reign of Charles IV in the 14th century and they lasted till 1862/68. Kraje were reintroduced in 1949 in Czechoslovakia and still exist today (except for the early 1990s) in its successor states despite many rearrangements.

In Russia nine of the 85 federal subjects are called krais (края, kraya), coequal to oblasts. The toponym Krajina refers to several historical regions in Slavic countries.

Toponymy
Kraj is also found as a toponym outside of Czech- and Slovak-speaking areas.

 * Almaški Kraj, a part of Novi Sad, Serbia
 * Gerovski Kraj, a village near Čabar, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Croatia
 * Jovanovski Kraj, a former name of Rotkvarija/Žitni Trg, a part of Novi Sad, Serbia
 * Končarev Kraj, a village near Plitvička Jezera, Lika-Senj County, Croatia
 * Kraj, Pašman, a village in Zadar County, Croatia
 * Kraj, Split-Dalmatia County, a village near Dicmo, Croatia
 * Kraj, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, a village near Mošćenička Draga, Croatia
 * Kraj Donji, a village near Marija Gorica, Croatia
 * Kraj Drage, a village near Sveta Nedelja, Istria County, Croatia
 * Kraj Gornji, a village near Marija Gorica, Croatia
 * Rašića Kraj, a hamlet near Vranići, Serbia
 * Srednji Kraj, a village near Barajevo, Serbia

Anthroponymy
Kraj is also found as a surname. Notable people with the name include:

 * Rudolf Kraj (born 1977), a Czech boxer

Other uses

 * Kraj (song), 2009 single by the Macedonian singer Karolina Gočeva

title: Kraj


text:
Volvic

Volvic is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.

The church at Volvic is dedicated to “St Priest” (Projectus), who is reputed to have been killed here in 676 AD.

International relations
Volvic is twinned with:

 * 🇩🇪 Unterschneidheim, Germany
 * Kirriemuir, Angus, Scotland

title: Volvic


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Midwestern African American Wiccan Name for God

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Eugene van der Pijll 18:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Midwestern African American Wiccan Name for God
Not factual - Wicca didn't exist until the middle of the 20th century. Delete. - Mike Rosoft 17:19, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. "a resurgence of spiritualistic vampires are now calling themselves antonarian vampires"???  Hoax, gibberish.  Kaibabsquirrel 19:19, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I put the "disputed" tag on it almost three weeks ago, asking for proof of this assertion: "Anton" is also the Greek root of the Egyptian word Aten, which means "Praiseworthy One" or "Priceless One"., and have gotten no response.  RickK 19:53, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mike is misreading Wicca, but that's beside the point. This idea that there's this massive movement of African-American animists is absurd. Conflating African Animism with European Wicca is just plain ignorant. RickK's efforts to get verification seal the deal. Isaac R 02:25, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete This is very similar information to the deleted article ANTON (see VfD vote here). Dsmdgold 04:31, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as unverifiable. Megan1967 09:57, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I was meaning to nominate this myself. - Mustafaa 18:48, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
File:RGS MiddleEast 08.JPG

Either Ibn Saud or his brother, Sa'd bin Abd al-Rahman. Please refer to discussion at Talk:Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia

Date: 1911 (according to first source) or 1910 (according to second)

Source: http://www.geocities.com/blackinkal4/RoyalGeographicalSociety_MiddleEast_2.html

Also: http://images.rgs.org/imageDetails.aspx?barcode=26005

title: File:RGS MiddleEast 08.JPG


text:
The Moving Wall

The Moving Wall is a half-size replica of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. It was devised by John Devitt after he attended the 1982 annual commemoration ceremonies celebrated in Washington for Vietnam veterans. He felt that he needed to share his experience with those who did not have the opportunity to go to Washington. Devitt, Norris Shears, Gerry Haver, and other Vietnam veterans volunteered to build the Wall. It went on display for the first time in Tyler, Texas, in October 1984.

Two structures of The Moving Wall now travel the United States from April through November, spending 5 or 6 days at each site. Veterans' organizations contact his company, Vietnam Combat Veterans, Ltd., to arrange local visits. By 2006, the structure has made more than 1000 visits. On its visits, the Moving Wall is often escorted by state troopers or volunteer organizations such as the Patriot Guard Riders, who accompany the memorial on motorcycles.

The first Moving Wall structure to retire has been on permanent display at the Veterans Memorial Amphitheater in Pittsburg, Kansas since 2004. The Memorial is open to the public with no admission fee, 24 hours a day, year round.

title: The Moving Wall