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The Raincoats (album)

The Raincoats is the debut studio album by English rock band the Raincoats. It was released on 21 November 1979 as one of the first records issued by the London-based independent label Rough Trade. The album is perhaps best known for its off-kilter cover of "Lola" by the Kinks. The album's sixth track, "The Void", was covered by Hole in 1994.

In May 2010, the band performed the album in its entirety in London.

In 2020, Rolling Stone ranked The Raincoats at number 398 in its list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time".

Background
In 1979, three of the four members were living in squats – Vicky Aspinall in Brixton, Gina Birch in Monmouth Road, Bayswater, where the band frequently rehearsed. The squatting culture informed the lifestyle and music of the band with an onus on improvisation and DIY. The band conveyed an egalitarian ethos in their early live performances: each member was positioned to have equal visual prominence on stage, and the band dressed in everyday punk fashion no different from the ordinary "street clothes" of the audience members.

Production
Upon the recording of the album, musician and visual artist Mayo Thompson of the Red Krayola was joined by Geoff Travis (founder of Rough Trade Records) to produce, Thompson suggested that Vicky Aspinall approach violin in the style of Velvet Underground viola player John Cale who was influenced by Tony Conrad. When asked by Ritchie Unterberger about producing the band, Thompson remarked:

"It was one of those things. I came into Rough Trade one day and Geoff said, there's a band called the Raincoats, I want to make a record with them, I want you to go around and listen to rehearsal and help them out and see if there's anything you can contribute."

Music and lyrics
Simon Reynolds and Joy Press wrote that the Raincoats' debut "bends and buckles rock form but doesn't break it," describing the music as "ragged, homespun folk-punk, with its elastic rhythms, reedy vocals and rickety structures." It has also been described as consisting of "forward-thinking" experimental rock. "Life on the Line" had the original lyrics penned by the original guitarist, Ross Crighton, about a suicide at Ladbroke Grove underground station.

Release
The Raincoats was re-released by Rough Trade in 1993 on CD, with liner notes by Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain. The album was again re-released on 9 November 2009 on vinyl on We ThRee (the band's own label) in the UK and on the Kill Rock Stars label in the U.S. This edition included a free mp3 download and an extra track, "Fairytale in the Supermarket", as well as a special edition bonus CD, including live footage from 1978 and 1979 and a video of "Fairytale in the Supermarket".

Reception
AllMusic praised the album, writing, "This music, even at its most dissonant, is stunning and captivating". In 1996, the critic Neil Strauss named it among the 100 most influential albums in "alternative" music in a Rolling Stone book on the subject. In 2020, Rolling Stone ranked the album at number 398 in their list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". In his posthumously published Journals, Cobain's list of his top 50 favorite records features The Raincoats at number 21.

"An all-time great", The Raincoats is seen as a landmark in indie pop, new wave, and post-punk music, as well as one of post-punk's best albums. Charles Ubaghs, in articles for The Quietus and Tiny Mix Tapes, lauded the band and their album as exemplars of new musical exploration in the wake of the late-'70s punk movement. He dubbed it "a passionate new that screamed of possibility", noting the band's fusion of "oddball rhythms", use of the violin, and more that lead to "forward-thinking" music. Its impact on independent music has also been noted. BrooklynVegan saw the group's sound clearly in future DIY scenes and bands within them, including Beat Happening, Vivian Girls, and Electrelane. PopMatters credited them with shaping trends that would continue through bands Half Japanese and Beat Happening, like using lo-fi and "idiosyncratic" pop music elements. The Vinyl Factory saw the record set the 1990s musical movement riot grrrl's groundwork.

The Raincoats were referenced in the 2016 film 20th Century Women. Director and screenwriter Mike Mills praised their debut's "wobbliness", noting that the music's fragility gave it a "more human and inviting" aspect. He said that he attempted to feature these aspects into his writing.

Track listing
"Fairytale in the Supermarket" was the Raincoats' first single, and has been included as the opening track on all reissues of the album since 1993.

Personnel
The Raincoats: With:
 * Ana da Silva – vocals, guitar, keyboards
 * Gina Birch – vocals, bass guitar
 * Palmolive – drums
 * Vicky Aspinall – vocals, violin, guitar
 * Lora Logic – saxophone on "Black and White"

Technical credits:
 * Adam Kidron – engineer
 * Geoff Travis, Mayo Thompson, and the Raincoats – producers
 * Pang Hsiao-Li – cover painting
 * Shirley O'Loughlin – photography

title: The Raincoats (album)


text:
T-antenna

A  ‘T’-antenna,  ‘T’-aerial, or flat-top antenna is a monopole radio antenna consisting of one or more horizontal wires suspended between two supporting radio masts or buildings and insulated from them at the ends. A vertical wire is connected to the center of the horizontal wires and hangs down close to the ground, connected to the transmitter or receiver. The shape of the antenna resembles the letter "T", hence the name. The transmitter power is applied, or the receiver is connected, between the bottom of the vertical wire and a ground connection.

A closely related antenna is the inverted-L antenna. This is similar to the T-antenna except that the vertical feeder wire, instead of being attached to the center of the horizontal topload wires, is attached at one end. The name comes from its resemblance to an inverted letter "L" (Γ). The T-antenna is an omnidirectional antenna, radiating equal radio power in all azimuthal directions, while the inverted-L is a weakly directional antenna, with maximum radio power radiated in the direction of the top load wire, off the end with the feeder attached.

'T'- and inverted-L antennas are typically used in the VLF, LF, MF, and shortwave bands,  and are widely used as transmitting antennas for amateur radio stations, and long wave and medium wave AM broadcasting stations. They can also be used as receiving antennas for shortwave listening. They function as monopole antennas with capacitive top-loading; other antennas in this category include the umbrella, and triatic antennas. They were invented during the first decades of radio, in the wireless telegraphy era, before 1920.

How it works
The 'T'-type antenna is most easily understood as having three functional parts:
 * Top load: The horizontal wire top section (sometimes called the capacitance hat) acts like a plate of a capacitor.
 * Radiator: The vertical wire that carries current from the feedpoint at the base to the top; unbalanced current in the vertical segment generates the emitted radio waves.
 * Ground system: Either wires buried in the ground under the antenna or sometimes wires suspended a few feet above ground (a counterpoise) acts like the other plate of the capacitor.

The wires of the top load are often arranged symmetrically; currents flowing in the oppositely directed symmetrical wires of the top hat cancel each others' fields and so produce no net radiation, with the same cancellation happening in the same way in the ground system. In principle, the capacitance hat (top hat) and its counterpart ground system (counterpoise) could be built to be mirror images of each other. However the ease of just laying wires on the ground or raised a few feet above the soil, as opposed to the practical challenge of supporting top hat's horizontal wires up high, at the apex of the vertical section, typically means that the top hat is usually not built as large as the counterpoise. Further, any electric fields that reach the ground before they are intercepted by the counterpoise will waste energy warming the soil, whereas stray electric fields high in the air will merely spread out a bit more into loss-free open air, before they eventually reach the wires of the top hat.

The top and ground sections effectively function as oppositely charged reservoirs for augmented storage of excess or deficit electrons, more than what could be stored along the top end of the same height bare headed vertical wire. A greater stored charge causes greater current to flow through the vertical segment between the top and base, and that current in the vertical segment produces the radiation emitted by the T-antenna.

Capacitance 'hat'

The left and right sections of horizontal wire across the top of the 'T' carry equal but oppositely-directed currents. Therefore, far from the antenna, the radio waves radiated by each wire are 180° out of phase with the waves from the other wire, and tend to cancel. There is a similar cancellation of radio waves reflected from the ground. Thus the horizontal wires radiate (almost) no radio power.

Instead of radiating, the horizontal wires increase the capacitance at the top of the antenna. More current is required in the vertical wire to charge and discharge this added capacitance during the RF oscillation cycle. The increased currents in the vertical wire (see drawing at right) effectively increase the antenna's radiation resistance and thus the RF power radiated.

The top-load capacitance increases as more wires are added, so several parallel horizontal wires are often used, connected together at the center where the vertical wire attaches. Because each wire's electric field impinges on those of adjacent wires, the additional capacitance from each added wire diminishes.

Efficiency of capacitive top loading
The horizontal top load wire can increase radiated power by 2 to 4 times (3 to 6 dB) for a given base current. Consequently the 'T'-antenna can radiate more power than a simple vertical monopole of the same height. Similarly, a receiving T-antenna can intercept more power from the same incoming radio wave signal strength than the same height vertical antenna can.

In antennas built for frequencies near or below 600 kHz, the length of an antenna's wire segments is usually shorter than a quarter wavelength [ $1⁄4$ $λ$ ≈ 125 m at 600 kHz], the shortest length of unloaded straight wire that achieves resonance. In this circumstance, a ‘T’-antenna is a capacitively top-loaded, electrically short, vertical monopole.

Despite its improvements over a short vertical, the typical ‘T’-antenna is still not as efficient as a full-height $1⁄4$ $λ$ vertical monopole, and has a higher $λ$ and thus a narrower bandwidth. 'T'-antennas are typically used at low frequencies where building a full-size quarter-wave high vertical antenna is not practical, and the vertical radiating wire is often very electrically short: Only a small fraction of a wavelength long, $Q$$1⁄10$ or less. An electrically short antenna has a base reactance that is capacitive, and although capacitive loading at the top does reduce capacitive reactance at the base, usually some residual capacitive reactance remains. For transmitting antennas that must be tuned-out by added inductive reactance from a loading coil, so the antenna can be efficiently fed power.

Radiation pattern
Since the vertical wire is the actual radiating element, the antenna radiates vertically polarized radio waves in an omnidirectional radiation pattern, with equal power in all azimuthal directions. The axis of the horizontal wire makes little difference. The power is maximum in a horizontal direction or at a shallow elevation angle, decreasing to zero at the zenith. This makes it a good antenna at LF or MF frequencies, which propagate as ground waves with vertical polarization, but it also radiates enough power at higher elevation angles to be useful for sky wave ("skip") communication. The effect of poor ground conductivity is generally to tilt the pattern up, with the maximum signal strength at a higher elevation angle.

Transmitting antennas
In the longer wavelength ranges where 'T'-antennas are typically used, the electrical characteristics of antennas are generally not critical for modern radio receivers; reception is limited by natural noise, rather than by the signal power gathered by the receiving antenna.

Transmitting antennas are different, and feedpoint impedance is critical: The combination of reactance and resistance at the antenna feedpoint must be matched to the impedance of the feedline, and beyond it, the transmitter's output stage. If mismatched, current sent from the transmitter to the antenna will reflect back down the feedline from the antenna, creating a condition called standing waves on the line. This reduces the power radiated by the antenna, and at worst may damage the transmitter.

Reactance
Any monopole antenna that is shorter than $λ$ wave has a capacitive reactance; the shorter it is, the higher that reactance, and the greater the proportion of the feed current that will be reflected back towards the transmitter. To efficiently drive current into a short transmitting antenna it must be made resonant (reactance-free), if the top section has not already done so. The capacitance is usually canceled out by an added loading coil or its equivalent; the loading coil is conventionally placed at the base of the antenna for accessibility, connected between the antenna and its feedline.

The horizontal top section of a 'T'-antenna can also reduce the capacitive reactance at the feedpoint, substituting for a vertical section whose height would be about $1⁄4$ its length; if it is long enough, it completely eliminates reactance and obviates any need for a loading coil at the feedpoint.

At medium and low frequencies, the high antenna capacitance and the high inductance of the loading coil, compared to the short antenna’s low radiation resistance, makes the loaded antenna behave like a high $2⁄3$ tuned circuit, with a narrow bandwidth over which it will remain well matched to the transmission line, when compared to a $Q$ $1⁄4$ monopole.

To operate over a large frequency range the loading coil often must be adjustable and adjusted when the frequency is changed to limit the power reflected back towards the transmitter. The high $λ$ also causes a high voltage on the antenna, which is maximum at the current nodes at the ends of the horizontal wire, roughly $Q$ times the driving-point voltage. The insulators at the ends must be designed to withstand these voltages. In high power transmitters the output power is often limited by the onset of corona discharge from the wires.

Resistance
Radiation resistance is the equivalent resistance of an antenna due to its radiation of radio waves; for a full-length quarter-wave monopole the radiation resistance is around 25 ohms. Any antenna that is short compared to the operating wavelength has a lower radiation resistance than a longer antenna; sometimes catastrophically so, far beyond the maximum performance improvement provided by a T-antenna. So at low frequencies, even a 'T'-antenna can have very low radiation resistance, often less than 1 ohm, so the efficiency is limited by other resistances in the antenna and the ground system. The input power is divided between the radiation resistance and the 'ohmic' resistances of the antenna+ground circuit, chiefly the coil and the ground. The resistance in the coil and particularly the ground system must be kept very low to minimize the power dissipated in them.

It can be seen that at low frequencies the design of the loading coil can be challenging: it must have high inductance but very low losses at the transmitting frequency (high $Q$), must carry high currents, withstand high voltages at its ungrounded end, and be adjustable. It is often made of litz wire.

At low frequencies the antenna requires a good low resistance ground to be efficient. The RF ground is typically constructed as a star of many radial copper cables buried about 1 ft in the earth, extending out from the base of the vertical wire, and connected together at the center. The radials should ideally be long enough to extend beyond the displacement current region near the antenna. At VLF frequencies the resistance of the soil becomes a problem, and the radial ground system is usually raised and mounted a few feet above ground, insulated from it, to form a counterpoise.

Equivalent circuit
The power radiated (or received) by any electrically short vertical antenna, like the 'T'-antenna, is proportional to the square of the effective height of the antenna, so the antenna should be made as high as possible. Without the horizontal wire, the RF current distribution in the vertical wire would decrease very nearly linearly to zero at the top (see drawing "a" above), giving an effective height of half the physical height of the antenna. With an ideal "infinite capacitance" top load wire, the current in the vertical would be constant along its length, giving an effective height equal to the physical height, therefore increasing the radiated power fourfold for the same feed voltage. So the power radiated (or received) by a 'T'-antenna lies between a vertical monopole of the same height and up to four times that.

The radiation resistance of an ideal T-antenna with very large top load capacitance is
 * $$R_\mathsf{R} \approx 5 \left( \frac{\,4\pi\,h\,}{\lambda} \right)^2 \,$$

so the radiated power is
 * $$P = R_\mathsf{R} I_0^2 \approx 5 \left( \frac{\,4\pi\,h\,I_0\,}{\lambda} \right)^2 $$

where
 * $Q$ is the height of the antenna,
 * $h$ is the wavelength, and
 * $λ$0 is the RMS input current in amperes.

This formula shows that the radiated power depends on the product of the base current and the effective height, and is used to determine how many metre-amps are required to achieve a given amount of radiated power.

The equivalent circuit of the antenna (including loading coil) is the series combination of the capacitive reactance of the antenna, the inductive reactance of the loading coil, and the radiation resistance and the other resistances of the antenna-ground circuit. So the input impedance is

 * $$Z = R_\mathsf{C} + R_\mathsf{D} + R_\mathsf{\ell.c.} + R_\mathsf{G} + R_\mathsf{R} + j \omega L_\mathsf{\ell.c.} - \frac {1}{\,j \omega C_\mathsf{ant.} \,} ~,$$

where
 * $I$$R$ is the Ohmic resistance of the antenna conductors (copper losses)
 * $C$$R$ is the equivalent series dielectric losses
 * $D$$R$ is the series resistance of the loading coil
 * $ℓ.c.$$R$ is the resistance of the ground system
 * $G$$R$ is the radiation resistance
 * $R$$C$ is the apparent capacitance of the antenna at the input terminals
 * $ant.$$L$ is the inductance of the loading coil.

At resonance the capacitive reactance of the antenna is cancelled by the loading coil so the input impedance at resonance $ℓ.c.$$Z$ is just the sum of the resistances in the antenna circuit

 * $$Z_0 = R_\mathsf{C} + R_\mathsf{D} + R_\mathsf{\ell.c.} + R_\mathsf{G} + R_\mathsf{R} \, $$

The efficiency of the antenna at resonance, $0$, is the ratio of radiated power to input power from the feedline. Since power dissipated as radiation or as heat is proportional to resistance, the efficiency is given by

 * $$ \eta = \frac{ R_\mathsf{R} }{\,R_\mathsf{C} + R_\mathsf{D} + R_\mathsf{\ell.c.} + R_\mathsf{G} + R_\mathsf{R}\,} $$

It can be seen that, since the radiation resistance is usually very low, the major design problem is to keep the other resistances in the antenna-ground system low to obtain the highest efficiency.

Multiple-tuned antenna
The multiple-tuned flattop antenna is a variant of the 'T'-antenna used in high-power low-frequency transmitters to reduce ground power losses. It consists of a long capacitive top-load consisting of multiple parallel wires supported by a line of transmission towers, sometimes several miles long. Several vertical radiator wires hang down from the top load, each attached to its own ground through a loading coil. The antenna is driven either at one of the radiator wires or more often at one end of the top load, by bringing the wires of the top load diagonally down to the transmitter.

Although the vertical wires are separated, the distance between them is small compared to the length of the LF waves, so the currents in them are in phase and they can be considered as one radiator. Since the antenna current flows into the ground through $η$ parallel loading coils and grounds rather than one, the equivalent loading coil and ground resistance, and therefore the power dissipated in the loading coil and ground, is reduced to $N$ that of a simple 'T'antenna. The antenna was used in the powerful radio stations of the wireless telegraphy era but has fallen out of favor due to the expense of multiple loading coils.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: T-antenna


text:
Talk:TheWolfWeb

Hacking
speculation/hearsay/lies from campus police. suggested removal of this until the trials are over, then facts can be posted. The police only identified a fraction of those responsible, more to come seven years from the date of the incident. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.71.37.208 (talk) 16:31, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:TheWolfWeb


text: Category:Engine problems

title: Category:Engine problems


text:
Category talk:West Ham United F.C. players

why is Rigobert Song under "s" (lowercase) and West Ham United under "m"? Is West Ham United a player? :-) If I could fix it, I would, but I don't know how. --Mintie 22:55, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Lancelet

It seems to me that these critters have endostyles that eventually give rise to the mammalian thyroid gland. Shouldn't this be mentioned somewhere in the lead article?

Do lancelets have eyes? If no, when did they start evolving in chordates (probably in platyhelminthes I guess)?PhoenixSeraph 22:13, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

 * They have only one pigment spot on their front end which detects light.

hey, people help me translate description for image. -PioM22:55, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I just added a bit about eyes. I actually have quite a bit more material, but think maybe the Physical features section should be broken down into subsections. The frontal eye alone is worth a solid paragraph. For example, it expresses the PAX6 gene, and is thought to be homologous with vertebrate paired eyes. The pigment cup has been proposed as a homologue of the RPE (Retinal pigment epithelium). The row-1 photoreceptors carry C-opsin 1, except for a few which carry C-opsin 3. They have a Gi-mediated phototransduction cascade and are thought to be homologous with vertebrate rods and cones. The first row of interneurons are seratonogenic. In the last row, the neurons on the left-hand side feed into the left ventrolateral nerve while the axons on the right side of the eye (back row) feed into the right ventrolateral nerve. The Joseph cells and Hesse organs, meanwhile have melanopsin on microvilli. Zyxwv99 (talk) 02:14, 1 December 2015 (UTC)

Commercial use
In Asia, they are harvested commercially. -- what for? Food? If so, what sort of food? --Spudtater 00:31, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, for food. Both for humans and animals. I wonder how it tastes. Would like to try it made in the same way as fish and chips.

"Today, amphioxus may be extremely common in shallow sandy environments: at Discovery Bay, Jamaica, up to five thousand individuals per square meter of sand have been reported. In some parts of the world, amphioxus are eaten by humans or by domestic animals; they are important food items in some parts of Asia, where they are commercially harvested."

 * From American Scientist :

 * "Lancelets in a bay near Xiamen, China, evidently supported a fishery for at least a few hundred years. The muscular animals were either eaten fresh (they taste like herring) or were dehydrated by roasting in a little oil and used as an additive for other dishes."

 * If they taste like herring, they doesn't taste bad at all. 193.217.193.154 17:54, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

Humans ?
Look at this :

"In common with the vertebrates, lancelets have a nerve cord running along the back, pharyngeal gill slits and a tail that runs past the anus. Also like humans, the muscles are arranged in blocks called myomeres. Unlike the invertebrates, however, ..."

Why "humans" ? Only humans and lancelets do have myomeres, really ? What about other vertebrates between them ?

 * They are trying to emphasize that humans came from Lancelets. And they did. <--rookie error, humans did not come from lancelets. However the common ancestor of humans and lancelets would have been similar to modern day lancelets. Modern lancelets would still have evolved somewhat from this ancestor, but have retained many of the primitive features (hence they are interesting).

Subphylum relationships within the Chordata
The major "textbook view" of Chordate subphylum relationships places the lancelets as a sister-group to the vertebrates. This is the picture presented in cladograms by both Brusca & Brusca (Invertebrates, Sinauer Associates 2003) and Miller & Harley (Zoology, McGraw-Hill 2007), as well as the Three of life project. This wikipedia article, however, appears very biased in expressing the other view, which is placing Urochordates as a basal group.

Stating neutrality as a goal, wikipedia articles should try not to take stands in ongoing debates. I have seen the "newer research suggests that" argument used in advocacy of both of the vertebrate sistergroup views; it is thus not very convincing unless one also states what kind of evidence there is for either view.--Gunnar Mikalsen Kvifte (talk) 06:58, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

The accepted view today is that urochordates are closer to vertebrates and lancelets farer away. This is supported by papers in the most prestigious journals. See Blair and Hedges 2005, Delsuc et al 2006, Vienne and Pontarotti 2006 and Bourlat et al 2006 --Maximilianh (talk) 22:34, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

I agree with the last user (Maximilianh): The issue has been settled, as evidenced by a string of high-profile studies relying on modern methods of phylogenetics. See also the wikipedia article on Chordates and references [46][47][48][49]. The statement that lancelets are the closest living invertebrate relatives of vertebrates is wrong and should be corrected. In particular the figure caption presents the old and superseded view as a fact: "The lancelet is a small, translucent, fish-like animal that is the closest living invertebrate relative of the vertebrates.[33][34]" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.76.223.13 (talk) 15:35, 8 December 2018 (UTC)

Images
You can use this excellent image for your article ^___^. Also you can translate the article about amphioxus from Russian Wikipedia --LameClock (talk) 11:18, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

How big it is? Could some one provide the detailed average dimensions (metric units please) of an adult lancelet? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.163.42.93 (talk) 22:31, 9 January 2009 (UTC)

The anatomical drawing of the lancet labels the finger-like projections near the mouth as ″13. mimosa″ Is that correct? I can't find that usage of mimosa anywhere else on Wikipedia or the web (though it may just be difficult to find on the web due to other more common uses). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.55.200.20 (talk) 15:27, 28 May 2013 (UTC)

Asymmetric Nature of Juveniles
What symmetry are juveniles missing? Anatomic symmetry, meaning they're not bilaterally symmetric as the adults are? Kanenas (talk) 20:43, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Valid species
I did a search on Google Scholar for each of the species listed here, filtering for hits since the year 2000. The number to the left of each item indicate how many hits it got. As a measure of scientific and taxonomic validity, this is obviously WP:OR. On the other hand, it is a replicable measure of notability (WP:NOTABLE).

17 Asymmetron inferum 78 Asymmetron lucayanum 1 Epigonichthys australis 0 Epigonichthys bassanus 0 Epigonichthys cingalensis 7 Epigonichthys cultellus 5 Epigonichthys hectori 29 Epigonichthys maldivensis 0 Branchiostoma africae 0 Branchiostoma arabiae 0 Branchiostoma bazarutense 2420 Branchiostoma belcheri 2 Branchiostoma bennetti 1 Branchiostoma bermudae 38 Branchiostoma californiense 0 Branchiostoma capense 68 Branchiostoma caribaeum 0 Branchiostoma clonaseum 20 Branchiostoma elongatum 3510 Branchiostoma floridae 0 Branchiostoma gambiense 7 Branchiostoma indicum 207 Branchiostoma japonicum 1350 Branchiostoma lanceolatum 0 Branchiostoma leonense 1 Branchiostoma longirostrum 10 Branchiostoma malayanum 0 Branchiostoma moretonense 39 Branchiostoma nigeriense 43 Branchiostoma platae 16 Branchiostoma senegalense 0 Branchiostoma tattersalli 33 Branchiostoma virginiae

Zyxwv99 (talk) 02:19, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

Added section on fluorescent proteins and updated the anatomical diagram
Lancelets produce GFP. I added an updated diagram based off of recent literature (2017). ( Single Eukaryote |  talk  |  22:16, 13 January 2021 (UTC))

title: Talk:Lancelet


text:
Dennis Levine

Dennis B. Levine (born August 5, 1952) is a corporate consultant and former investment banker. He was a managing director at the investment banking firm Drexel Burnham Lambert in the 1980s. Levine was one of the first of several high-profile insider trading defendants in the Wall Street insider trading investigations of the mid-1980s. As a result of the investigation by and subsequent proceedings, Levine pleaded guilty.

Early life
Levine grew up in a middle-class Jewish family in Bayside in eastern Queens. He graduated from CUNY's Baruch College, obtaining an MBA from the same college in 1976.

Career
After being hired away from his career at Citibank in 1978, he joined Smith Barney's corporate finance department and worked in its Paris office specializing in mergers and acquisitions. He moved to Lehman Brothers in 1981. Shortly after Lehman was bought by American Express in 1985, Levine moved to Drexel as a managing director.

Levine spent most of his career as a specialist in mergers and acquisitions. It was very common to see him on a telephone with an extra-long cord while hunched over a Quotron, checking out signs of possible deals. He participated in many transactions throughout his career, three of which were among the more notable hostile takeovers of the 1980s — James Goldsmith's takeover of Crown Zellerbach, Coastal Corporation's takeover of American Natural Resources, and Ron Perelman's takeover of Revlon.

After his return to the business world, Levine re-entered to the finance world as president of ADASAR Group, a financial consulting firm. Over the last 30+ years, Levine has worked as a global strategist for innovative technology trends, focusing on controlled environment agriculture and sustainability, including food, water and energy systems. He also lectures at universities and organizations on a host of contemporary issues from business ethics to emerging technology developments.

Insider trading
Over the years, Levine built a network of professionals at various Wall Street firms. Participants exchanged and traded on information that they obtained through their work. Levine placed his trades through an account maintained under an assumed name at Bahamian subsidiaries of Swiss banks, using pay phones to prevent his calls from being traced. After briefly doing business with Pictet & Cie, he moved his business to Bank Leu in May 1980, eventually earning $10.6 million in profits. Like most Swiss banks, Bank Leu had a long tradition of secrecy. Additionally, the Bahamas had some of the strictest bank secrecy laws in the world; with few exceptions, Bahamian banks were barred from disclosing any information about a customer's banking relationship to a third party.

Some Bank Leu officials soon began to copy, or "piggyback", Levine's trades for their own accounts. In the process, they too profited from Levine's trades. To cover the trail, they broke up Levine's trades among several brokers. Unfortunately for Levine, they steered a large number of his trades through a broker at Merrill Lynch, who also began piggybacking the trades for himself.

In May 1985, Merrill Lynch detected suspicious activity in that and two other brokers' personal trading accounts. An internal investigation led to Bank Leu. Unable to pierce the veil of secrecy, Merrill Lynch forwarded the affair to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Bank officials suggested that Levine come up with reasons to justify the trades. However, they also forged or destroyed many documents related to Levine's activity — thus opening themselves to charges of obstruction of justice. Their story fell apart when the noted attorney Harvey Pitt, whom the bank had retained, noticed a huge gap between the actual statements of the bank's managed accounts and the omnibus records. At that point, the bank decided to co-operate with the SEC.

The Bahamian Attorney General, Paul Adderly, issued an opinion that stock trading was separate from banking. Therefore, since Bank Leu did not have a "banking relationship" with Levine, any disclosure about him would not violate Bahamian banking law. The bank was thus free to reveal Levine's name and he was arrested soon afterward. At the same time, he was sued by the SEC.

On June 5, 1986, Levine was forced to plead guilty to securities fraud, tax evasion and perjury. Like all of the defendants charged, he agreed to co-operate with the government investigation to expose the other members of his group. Levine also settled the SEC's charges, agreeing to disgorge $11.5 million—at the time, the largest such penalty in SEC history. He also agreed to a lifetime ban from the securities industry. Levine also agreed to pay $2 million in back taxes out of the amount he disgorged to the SEC.

Subsequently, Levine directly implicated powerful arbitrageur Ivan Boesky, and information from the Boesky case also implicated another prominent player in the mergers and acquisitions circle, Martin Siegel. Both Boesky and Siegel subsequently pleaded guilty. Due in part to this co-operation, federal judge Gerald Goettel imposed a lenient sentence of two years in prison and a $362,000 fine. However, since Levine had been stripped of nearly all of his liquid assets by the SEC and IRS, Goettel did not "commit" the fines, meaning that he would not be held in contempt of court if he left prison without paying them. At sentencing, Goettel said that Levine had helped expose "a nest of vipers on Wall Street", of which Levine himself had been a part of.

Levine said that after his arrest, he seriously considered fighting the charges. He claimed that the government circumvented Bahamian law in order to obtain most of the evidence against him (even though he was guilty), including records of his phone calls. However, he said, the possibility of additional charges in a superseding indictment—possibly including the powerful Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act — and concern about the effects on his family led him to conclude this was a battle he could not win. Levine recalled that his lawyer, Arthur Liman, told him that if he went to trial, he faced up to 20 years in prison if found guilty and the loss of everything he owned.

The SEC and the US Attorney's office conducted investigations that soon extended well beyond Levine's trading group. There seemed to be an entire web of relationships among Wall Street professionals exchanging information and other favors, including the parking of stock, the accumulation of stock to pressure a firm's management and stock price, all unrelated to Levine. Well known market participants were soon caught up in the investigations, including Siegel, Boesky and the Goldman Sachs senior partner and arbitrageur Robert Freeman. The investigations also indirectly led to Michael Milken who was highly influential in the junk bond market at the time. In 1991, Levine wrote the book Inside Out—an Insiders Account of Wall Street.

title: Dennis Levine


text:
Odyshape

Odyshape is the second album by the Raincoats, originally released on 1 June 1981 by Rough Trade.

The album was reissued in 1993 by Geffen Records, inspired by Kurt Cobain's public praise for the group.

Recording
Stylistically, Odyshape was a radical departure from the band's first album, featuring a diverse range of instruments, such as the shruti box, balophone, shehnai and kalimba, which they picked up at junk shops and markets or brought back from New York after their 1980 tour. The band incorporated influences from ethnic field recordings and musicians such as Ornette Coleman, and often swapped instrumental roles to freshen the arrangements.

Odyshape was recorded after Palmolive, the band's original drummer, had left the group, leaving the band to write without a drummer in mind; later the Raincoats hired Richard Dudanski (P.I.L.), Charles Hayward (This Heat) and Robert Wyatt (Soft Machine) to contribute percussion parts. Palmolive's original replacement, Ingrid Weiss, left during the start of the recording of Odyshape.

The album cover was based on the painting Peasant Woman by Russian artist Kazimir Malevich.

Reception
Pitchfork reviewer Nick Neyland said, "This album has little in common with anything else around at the time, other than the feeling that you're hurtling relentlessly forward into a previously unmapped musical space... It's a very intimate recording, full of sounds they wisely never tried to recreate again, and vocal takes that are often inflected with a heart-crushing vulnerability." Critic Simon Reynolds called it "postpunk that's been totally unrocked."

BBC Music writer Chris Power said, "More than the exotic instrumentation, though, it's the extraordinary structures of Odyshape's songs that distinguish it. They don't so much begin and end as ebb and flow in a way that, historically, seems to have bewildered at least as many listeners as it's beguiled." Noel Gardner of Drowned in Sound described the "new instruments" as essential to the recordings, noting that "you'd never call any of it 'prog', really, but the spirit of the commie beardos that comprised the Seventies Canterbury scene is being carried here nevertheless."

The album was reissued in 1993 by Geffen Records, inspired by Kurt Cobain's public praise for the group. The reissue features liner notes by Kim Gordon.

Track listing
All tracks composed by the Raincoats; except where indicated

 * 1) "Shouting Out Loud" (The Raincoats, Ingrid Weiss) – 4:54
 * 2) "Family Treet" (The Raincoats, Caroline Scott) – 4:12
 * 3) "Only Loved at Night" – 3:32
 * 4) "Dancing in My Head" – 5:26
 * 5) "Odyshape" (The Raincoats, Ingrid Weiss) – 3:37
 * 6) "And Then It's O.K." (The Raincoats, lyrics by Caroline Scott) – 3:05
 * 7) "Baby Song" – 4:54
 * 8) "Red Shoes" – 2:51
 * 9) "Go Away" – 2:23

Personnel
with:
 * The Raincoats
 * Ana da Silva – vocals, guitar, shruti box, kalimba, bass, percussion, harmonica
 * Gina Birch – vocals, bass, guitar, balafon
 * Vicky Aspinall – vocals, guitar, bass, violin, piano
 * Georgie Born – cello on "Family Treet" and "Dancing in My Head"
 * Dick O’Dell, Shirley O'Loughlin, Kadir Durvesh Shehnai, Ingrid Weiss – percussion
 * Robert Wyatt – drums on "And Then It's O.K."
 * Richard Dudanski – drums on "Dancing in My Head"
 * Charles Hayward – drums on "Family Treet" and "Go Away"
 * Ingrid Weiss – drums on "Shouting Out Loud" and "Odyshape"

Cover versions
"Only Loved at Night" was covered by Softboiled Eggies for the Rough Trade Shops – Counter Culture 08 compilation (2009).

title: Odyshape


text:
Johnson Matthey

Johnson Matthey plc is a British multinational speciality chemicals and sustainable technologies company headquartered in London, England. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

Early years
Johnson Matthey traces its origins to 1817, when Percival Norton Johnson set up business as a gold assayer in London. In 1851 George Matthey joined the business and its name was changed to Johnson & Matthey. The following year the firm was appointed official assayer and refiner to the Bank of England. The company had branches in the cities of Birmingham and Sheffield to supply the jewellery and silverware and cutlery trade with raw materials and ancillary supplies, such as silver solder and flux, which it manufactured.

In 1874, the company was commissioned to manufacture the kilogram reference standard, made from 90% platinum and 10% iridium, and held in the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), and copies of it for international distribution. Johnson Matthey similarly also produced the International Prototype Metre and its copies.

20th century
Beginning in 1957, the company published the journal Platinum Metals Review with the support of the Rustenburg Platinum Mines.

In the 1960s Johnson Matthey formed a subsidiary, Johnson Matthey Bankers (JMB), which took its seat in the London Gold Fixing. In the early 1980s the bank expanded its activities outside the bullion business and started making high-risk loans. Bank assets more than doubled between 1980 and 1984, and loans became concentrated to a few borrowers, including Mahmoud Sipra and his El Saeed group, Rajendra Sethia and ESAL Commodities, and Abdul Shamji. The quality of some of these loans turned out to be worse than expected, such as the £21 million lent to Abdul Shamji of Gomba Holdings (the then owner of Puddle Dock and the Mermaid Theatre in London). The size of the loans grew to exceed the level of the bank's capital. (Shamji was sentenced to 15 months in prison for lying about his assets during a High Court inquiry into the bank's collapse.)

Because JMB was one of five members of the London Gold Fixing, Bank of England officials were worried that if it became insolvent confidence in the other bullion banks would be undermined, and panic could spread to the rest of the British banking system. To prevent a wider banking crisis the Bank of England organised a rescue package on the evening of 30 September 1984, purchasing JMB for £1. Most of JMB's business was subsequently sold to Mase Westpac.

21st century
In 2008 Johnson Matthey acquired Argillon, a business specialising in catalysts, for €214 million.

In October 2010 Johnson Matthey acquired InterCAT, a supplier of fluid catalytic cracking additives for the petroleum refining industry, for $56.2 million. Also in 2010 Johnson Matthey opened a new £34 million European emission control catalyst plant in Skopje, (North Macedonia), which produced catalysts for both light- and heavy-duty vehicles.

The company was one of the first FTSE 100 companies to produce an integrated annual report and won the Best Annual Report in the FTSE 100 in the ICSA Hermes Transparency in Governance Awards in 2012, which recognised how sustainability issues were 'described in a way that clearly links them to business strategy and performance, rather than leaving them in a silo or on the sidelines.'

In 2014, the company was shortlisted for Business in the Community's Responsible Business of the Year Award for its Sustainability 2017 programme.

In 2015, Johnson Matthey sold its gold and silver refining operations to Asahi Holdings, Inc., a Japanese firm.

Operations
Johnson Matthey is organised into four main businesses: Clean Air, Catalyst Technologies, Hydrogen Technologies, and Platinum Group Metals Services.

Factories in Europe
In August 2018, Johnson Matthey started the construction of a new factory in Gliwice in Poland. The plant covers an area of approximately 23,000 m$2$ and is costing about PLN 450 million. The project will create about 400 new jobs. The plant consists of two production lines which will manufacture a range of catalysts.

In 2009, Johnson Matthey opened a catalyst manufacturing plant in North Macedonia. It was expanded in 2012 and went on to become the largest exporter in North Macedonia.

Environmental performance
In December 2008 US subsidiary Johnson Matthey Inc was fined $2.25 million for a felony violation of the United States Clean Water Act, after admitting to violating the act at its Salt Lake City precious metals refining facility. The violation related to the selective screening of wastewater samples for compliance analysis. Following the charge Johnson Matthey Inc contributed $750,000 to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and entered a three-year compliance agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency.

title: Johnson Matthey


text:
Talk:Kickback (video game platform)

Is this redirect at all appropriate? It seems to me that the content that would be under this title is not in fact in political corruption. Falcon 23:00, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I concur; a kickback is a specific corrupt act. Political corruption is a concept, not a specific act. Practitioners of political corruption may accept or solicit kickbacks, or they might not. - 66.92.73.52 16:17, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

The entry makes kickback sound like it's an illegal act. But kickback can also describe legal acts (but sometimes unethical acts). The entry needs to be expanded to cover both ethical legal acts and unethical legal acts. But what is common for all kinds of kickbacks is that their purpose is to influence the person getting the kickback. --Ingeborgsjon 03:37, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Reverted changes
Wikipedia is not a place for articles about your website about your favourite football team.

To have close friends get together at someone's house in a party-like situation without calling it a party.

Kickbacks have one simple rule. They are not parties. No illegit friends of friends of friends showing up empty handed and emptying your fridge.

Kickbacks are the stress free versions of parties where the host doesn't have to worry about shit breaking or cops being called. There's a reason it's called a kickback; as in kickback, and relax.

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Kickback (gaming). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:Kickback (video game platform)


text:
Talk:Q (video game character)

On 30 May 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. See Votes for deletion/Q (video game character) for a record of the discussion.

Will someone please protect this article for the next, oh, month or two? This reversion is getting ridiculous.—chris.lawson (talk) 23:44, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Protected by Rossami at 20:53, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC) because of multiple reversions and page-blanking vandalism.

title: Talk:Q (video game character)


text:
Salisbury Road, Hong Kong

Salisbury Road is a major road in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Description
It runs parallel to Victoria Harbour, starting from its western end at the Star Ferry Pier, passing by Blackhead Point, to Tsim Sha Tsui East. It intersects with several major roads in the area, including Canton Road, Kowloon Park Drive, Nathan Road and Chatham Road South, and connects to the Hung Hom Bypass at its eastern end.

Landmarks
Several Hong Kong landmarks and points of interest are located along or near Salisbury Road, including the Star House, the 1881 Heritage complex (including the Former Marine Police Headquarters and the Old Kowloon Fire Station), YMCA of Hong Kong, The Peninsula Hong Kong, Regent Hong Kong, Rosewood Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Space Museum, the Hong Kong Cultural Centre, the Hong Kong Museum of Art, Victoria Dockside and the Tsim Sha Tsui Clock Tower. The Tsim Sha Tsui East Promenade, which runs alongside the road, has views of the Hong Kong skyline across Victoria Harbour.

Naming
The road was named after Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, who served as the British Prime Minister in late 19th century.

The original transliteration of the road in Chinese, "梳利士巴利道", failed to account for the fact that the i in the word is silent. The Hong Kong Government corrected the transliteration in the 1970s by dropping the second character "利", and adopting the current name "梳士巴利道".

Railway
Salisbury Road was extended westwards to the tip of Tsim Sha Tsui in 1904. Train and ferry termini were erected at its end. The Kowloon–Canton Railway originally ran along Salisbury Road, and its terminus Kowloon station was located at the western end of road. The terminus was moved to Hung Hom station in 1974, and the station complex at Salisbury Road (except the Clock Tower) was demolished in 1977. However, the KCR returned to the area in 2004, when the East Rail extension was opened. The extension runs underneath Salisbury Road, with its station East Tsim Sha Tsui station located underneath the intersection of Salisbury Road and Chatham Road South.

title: Salisbury Road, Hong Kong


text:
Anderson Report

The Anderson Report is the colloquial name of the report of the Board of Inquiry into Scientology, an official inquiry into the Church of Scientology conducted for the State of Victoria, Australia. It was written by Kevin Victor Anderson QC and published in 1965. The report led to legislation attempting to ban Scientology in Victoria and similar legislation in several other States of Australia. No convictions were made under the legislation and Scientologists continued to practice their beliefs, although the headquarters was moved to South Australia. The legislation has been repealed in all States and subsequently Scientology was found to be a religion by the High Court of Australia.

Background
In 1959, L. Ron Hubbard had set up the Church's headquarters at Saint Hill a few miles from East Grinstead in West Sussex, England. The Church of Scientology had spread from its origin in USA to a number of other English-speaking countries and soon attracted attention. Several official inquiries were made into Scientology in England, Australia, and elsewhere and a number of reports published by respective governments in the late sixties and early seventies. The Anderson Report was the first of these.

The Victorian Legislative Council appointed a Board of Inquiry on 27 November 1963 in response to a Private Member's Bill proposed by John Galbally to prohibit Scientology in the State. At this time the Church was represented in Melbourne by the Hubbard Association of Scientologists International (HASI), which had premises at 157-159 Spring Street.

The Board of Inquiry
A Board of Inquiry does not have the same legal status as a trial. It is not necessarily presided over by a judge or a magistrate and does not sit in a courtroom; witnesses are not subpoenaed but appear by invitation. It is not bound by the rules of evidence. The Board of Inquiry into Scientology consisted of Mr Anderson sitting alone, assisted by Mr. Gordon Just who was instructed by the Victorian Crown Solicitor. After an initial sitting on 6 December 1963, the Board sat in the theatrette of the National Herbarium of Victoria from 17 February 1964 to 21 April 1965.

The HASI was represented by counsel J.R. O'Shea and I.G. Abraham, who called as witnesses HASI staff members and many individuals who had received Scientology training and counselling. HASI files and publications were also tendered in evidence. Counsel withdrew from the hearings on 12 November 1964 on their clients' instructions.

Two former Scientologists, Phillip Wearne and Douglas Moon, appeared as the main witnesses for the Committee for Mental Health and National Security (an ad hoc unincorporated organisation opposed to Scientology). They were represented by counsel Warren Fagan. Wearne, a publisher from South Yarra, told the inquiry that 'Scientologists planned to take over Australia, after establishing a "Scientology Government"' and that 'he first heard of the plan to take over Australia in 1960'. The method to be used 'was to infiltrate Government departments, political parties and other institutions, with scientologists getting jobs in these organisations', then 'after the move to "clear Australia" was completed, the aim was to take over the world'. Wearne said 'he was in a key position to carry out the scientology organisation's work as he had extensive connections in the Labour Party and Trade Union movements'. He also recalled 'a hallucination' that had 'developed after a "scientology processing"' in which he was eaten by a giant spider.

Psychiatrist Dr. Ian Holland Martin, honorary federal secretary of the Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, gave evidence that the E-Meter 'used for Scientology' was a 'psycho-galvano-meter' and was 'dangerous in unqualified hands'. He said that if the E-meter 'was suggested to possess mysterious powers' to someone who did not understand that it had 'been thoroughly discredited as a lie detector' then 'that person would be suggestible to ideas foisted on him by the operator'. As a result, 'This kind of influence would heighten latent paranoic trends in persons who showed no significant emotional disturbance'. He also testified that the then 'world director' of Scientology L. Ron Hubbard 'showed paranoid delusions in his claim to have visited Venus and been in the Van Allen radiation belt around the earth'.

Dr Eric Cunningham Dax, Chairman of the Mental Health Authority of Victoria, and one of his staff, Dr. M.B. Macmillan, coordinated the evidence given by expert witnesses in medicine and psychiatry. Dax also conferred with Wearne before the latter gave evidence at the Inquiry.

In his own evidence to the inquiry Dax stated 'The Mental Health Authority did not wish to attack people for their belief...whatever they were, so long as they did not try to influence other people for purposes injurious to mental health'. '"Scientology adherents' were 'sincere believers who were uncritical of the scheme's principles' and '"Scientology subjected them to a form of blackmail' and 'brain-washing methods'. Dax described Scientology as 'a calculated money-raising scheme by false propaganda' and that 'Since 1961 he had been increasingly concerned by information reaching the Mental Health Authority about people paying large sums of money for "Scientology" courses'.

The Report
The Anderson Report concluded that "Scientology is a delusional belief system, based on fiction and fallacies and propagated by falsehood and deception" and that it "is not, and does not claim to be, a religion".He continues:

"Scientology is evil, its techniques evil, its practice a serious threat to the community, medically, morally and socially, and its adherents sadly deluded and often mentally ill.'"

Anderson acknowledged the emotional tone of his report, justifying it as follows:

"If there should be detected in this Report a note of unrelieved denunciation of scientology, it is because the evidence has shown its theories to be fantastic and impossible, its principles perverted and ill-founded, and its techniques debased and harmful. [...] While making an appeal to the public as a worthy system whereby ability, intelligence and personality may be improved, it employs techniques which further its real purpose of securing domination over and mental enslavement of its adherents. It involves the administration by persons without any training in medicine or psychology of quasi-psychological treatment, which is harmful medically, morally and socially."

Responses from government representatives across Australia to both to the findings of the report, and on the subject of scientology in general, were reported the following day. The Premier of Victoria Henry Bolte, who had set up the inquiry, described it as 'conclusive enough for action to be taken'. In New South Wales, the Minister for Health said that scientology 'had no proper background or scientific basis' and he would 'take such steps as are necessary to stop this organisation from taking root and gaining influence in the community'. In Western Australia, Dr. A. S. Ellis, Director of Mental Health Services, described scientology as 'a dangerous pseudo-science which catered for emotional cripples'. He added that scientologists were 'credulous, insecure and neurotic people who were looking for a prop' and scientology gave this to them 'at a price' but raised 'false hopes' and delayed 'proper psychiatric treatment'.

Scientology pesponse
In October 1965, Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard was quoted as saying that the Board of Inquiry into Scientology was a 'kangaroo court' because 'They had their conclusions drawn long before they held the first hearing'. He suggested that the inquiry was 'illegal in its conduct under common law' and that anything similar in England would be 'laughed out of existence'. He put this down to Australia being 'young'. He added:

"In 1942, a senior naval officer in Northern Australia, by a fluke of fate, I helped save them from the Japanese. For the sake of scientology there I will go on helping them. They have a lot to learn. I feel sorry for them. They are afraid."

The 'Hubbard Communications Office' at Saint Hill Manor in England also issued a statement criticizing the inquiry process and threatening legal action. They claimed Hubbard 'was forbidden to appear at the hearing' and that testimony from him and 'our witnesses' were not heard. They argued 'The people investigating it are religiously biased' and that 'witnesses of the opposition' had been allowed to collude 'before the hearing'. They also stated 'We intend to sue any paper publishing the findings as an accessory to libel and slander'.

In 1967 the Church of Scientology published Kangaroo Court, a critique of the conduct of the Board of Inquiry, alleging collusion between witnesses and alleging bias by Anderson and Dax.

A suit was brought against Anderson and his assistant Gordon Just who produced the report, in 1971. The citations in the Victorian Reports are: Hubbard Association of Scientologists v Anderson [1971] VR 788; Hubbard Association of Scientologists v Anderson [1972] VR 340 (appeal from [1971] VR 740); Hubbard Association of Scientologists International v Anderson and Just (No 2) [1972] VR 577. The Victorian Parliament passed special legislation to give the two immunity from these writs.

Jane Kember, a senior Scientologist who was later convicted on several criminal charges in relation to Scientology's 'Operation Snow White' tried to get the report removed from a library. She wrote a memo about 'handling' Paulette Cooper (and her critical book about Scientology) in 1972. Part 12 of the memo asks:

"The library in D.C. has a copy of the Melbourne Inquiry Report. Paulette recommends this. Why is the copy still there? Please get it removed'"

Controversy
The Anderson Report is regarded by some as controversial, as evidenced in the Australian Government's Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission report regarding freedom of religion and belief. The Anderson Report was the basis of the Psychological Practices Act, 1965. However, this Act was amended in 1982 to remove all references to Scientology and was repealed in 1987.

title: Anderson Report


text:
KaDee Strickland

Katherine Dee Strickland (born December 14, 1975) is an American actress. From 2007 to 2013, she played Charlotte King on the ABC drama Private Practice (2007–2013).

Strickland began acting during high school. She studied acting in Philadelphia and New York City, where she obtained mostly small roles in film, television, and stage projects, among them The Sixth Sense (1999). Her participation in the 2003 Hollywood films Anything Else and Something's Gotta Give led to her receiving significant parts in the 2004 horror films Anacondas: The Hunt for the Blood Orchid and The Grudge. She was then referred to as "the pride of Patterson" and the horror genre's "newest scream queen", though her performances in both films received mixed critical reviews. In 2005, she garnered positive critical reviews for the romantic comedy Fever Pitch, and she was a regular on the television show The Wedding Bells in 2007. She was subsequently added to the cast of Private Practice.

Strickland has spoken against the emphasis placed on beauty in the Los Angeles acting community, in which she says her Southern U.S. background has helped to distinguish herself from other blonde actresses. She has spoken of an affinity for her strong female characters   and a desire to avoid sexualizing or sensationalizing her self-presentation as a woman. She has also worked closely with RAINN after participating in a storyline in which her Private Practice character was raped.

Early life
Katherine Dee Strickland was born in Blackshear, Georgia, on December 14, 1975, to Susan, a nurse, and Dee Strickland, a high school football coach, principal, and superintendent. Her nickname comes from her parents combining the "K" in her first name with her father's name (and also her middle name) to make "KaDee". She was raised in Patterson, Georgia, which she referred to as a "one-stoplight town", and she had a job picking tobacco on a local farm for eight years. When she was a child, Strickland watched the Woody Allen film Annie Hall (1977) and was "wanting to be in that place, and being completely taken with the energy of those people [...] [she] wanted to be in it". During her childhood, she was well known locally as a member of the Strickland family and for her extracurricular activities and achievements; she was the Homecoming Queen in elementary, middle, and high school, as well as the student council president and a cheerleader. She never considered a career in the arts until her participation in a one-act play performed by students of her high school: "The minute I set foot on stage, that was it. Destiny took over. There were no other options. I felt like I fit my skin, I knew what I was here to do."

After graduating from high school, Strickland wanted to study drama at college in New York City, but her parents did not want her to live in such a large city so soon. She instead applied to the University of the Arts in Philadelphia. During her studies there, she joined the Screen Actors Guild and considered using her given name as the first part of her stage name, before deciding she was "much too tomboy" for it. She took a part-time job as a waitress at a local restaurant and interned at a casting agency, where one of her tasks was to read lines at auditions for small roles in local film and television projects; the job landed Strickland her first film role. After graduating from university with a fine arts degree, she was schooled in New York City, and she moved to Los Angeles in late 2003. In 2006, she received the University of the Arts's Silver Star Alumni Award.

Early work
Strickland's career began in 1999 with a brief appearance at a funeral after-party in The Sixth Sense, a two-line part that she received after impressing writer-director M. Night Shyamalan when reading lines for those auditioning for the film. According to Strickland, her role in the film helped her learn to temper her fake crying. The same year, she served as an extra in the independent film The Sterling Chase, and appeared in a small role opposite Winona Ryder and Angelina Jolie in James Mangold's drama Girl, Interrupted.

When staying in Philadelphia, Strickland had opportunities to take part in other films in production in and around the city. Those included Rel Dowdell's Train Ride, a date rape thriller filmed in 1998, but not commercially released until 2005 because of financing problems. She was also cast in the crime drama Diamond Men with Robert Forster and Donnie Wahlberg; it opened to sparkling reviews, with Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times declaring it "a fantastic film, with a good cast". After she moved to New York City, Strickland appeared in Adam Bhala Lough's filmmaking debut, Bomb the System, which received unenthusiastic notices from critics and was not shown outside film festivals until 2005.

Concurrent to her film work, Strickland acquired stage experience in productions such as A Requiem for Things Past in mid-1999, and John Patrick Shanley's Women of Manhattan. She acted in a December 2002 episode of the television show Law & Order: Criminal Intent and made nine guest appearances on All My Children, which enabled her to leave her waitressing job. In 2003, Strickland was cast opposite Eddie Cibrian in the pilot episode for an uncommissioned small screen serial adaptation of John Grisham's novel The Street Lawyer.

Strickland appeared in two romantic comedy films in 2003. Anything Else, written and directed by Woody Allen, featured her as the girlfriend of Jason Biggs's character (whom he snubs for Christina Ricci's Amanda Chase); she said it was a "dream come true" to work with Allen, of whom she is an "obsessive diehard" fan. The film was greeted with lukewarm reviews and dismal ticket sales, though Strickland later referred to it as her "big break". The second, Something's Gotta Give (starring Jack Nicholson and Diane Keaton), was a major critical and commercial success, though Strickland's part in the film was brief. She played the girlfriend of Keaton's character's ex-husband (played by Paul Michael Glaser), a relationship involving age disparity that raised the eyebrows of Keaton and her daughter (Amanda Peet). The following year, she made brief appearances in the direct-to-cable independent film Knots and the poorly received satirical comedy The Stepford Wives with Nicole Kidman, playing a partygoer and a game show contestant, respectively.

Major film roles
Strickland's first lead role came when producer Doug Belgrad saw the dailies of her scene in Something's Gotta Give. He cast her opposite Johnny Messner and Morris Chestnut in the jungle-set horror film Anacondas: The Hunt for the Blood Orchid, the sequel to Anaconda (1997). Strickland played an accomplished research scientist who travels to Borneo as part of an expedition team searching for a species of plant rumored to have life-extending properties. She said she initially did not want to follow a Woody Allen film with a "snake movie", but that she changed her mind because the hero was a female Southerner who was not "a complete idiot" or "a chick in shorts about to get whacked". Though its box office revenue tripled its production budget, Anacondas did not perform as well as its predecessor, and most reviews panned the project. The cast received positive comment from Variety magazine and the Chicago Sun-Times's Roger Ebert, but a critic for the San Diego Union-Tribune said the film was "so stupidly plotted and badly acted, it becomes unintentionally funny", and described Strickland and her co-stars' work as "garden-variety bad". Other reviews focused on the attractiveness of Strickland and her castmates; Slant Magazine said "[the film is] populated with anonymous, attractive plastic people from the Los Angeles talent pool." During the same period, The Florida Times-Union referred to her as "the pride of Patterson".

Strickland's next project, The Grudge, was another horror film. In Japanese director Takashi Shimizu's U.S. remake of his film Ju-on: The Grudge (2003), Strickland played (in a role originated by Misaki Ito) a Tokyo-based American businesswoman whose relatives emigrate from the U.S. Strickland received the role through a casting session with producer Sam Raimi, who picked her based on her work in footage for the then-unreleased Anacondas, and her willingness to work away from home for extended periods. She said that Japan and Japanese cinema had always fascinated her, and that she wanted to be "a part of that world" in which filmmakers communicate the story via action rather than dialogue; she also highlighted the importance of being "able to explore being in the wrong place at the wrong time without being a sex object/damsel in distress." The Grudge was a number-one U.S. box office hit and quickly became one of the year's most profitable films, but reviews were lukewarm. The Charlotte Observer wrote "the cast is drab and lifeless", and earned "nothing but demerits". Strickland's presence in The Grudge and Anacondas led horror fans to name her "[their] newest scream queen", but she said that when deciding what film to do next, she did not focus as much on genre as she did on good characters, scripts, and directors, which she said "don't come around that often." For the scene in which her character hides under her bed covers, Strickland received a 2005 Teen Choice Award nomination for Choice Movie Scary Scene.

In late 2004, Strickland embarked on what she called "the craziest job I've ever had": a role in the Farrelly brothers film Fever Pitch, a baseball-themed romantic comedy starring Drew Barrymore and Jimmy Fallon (Strickland's Anything Else co-star) and based on the Nick Hornby book. Strickland said it was "a blast" to play "such a maniac", particularly after playing emotionally traumatised characters in Anacondas and The Grudge. On the film's 2005 release, she received praise from PopMatters magazine, which described her as "irrepressible" in her role, and from MSNBC, which said she and JoBeth Williams "sometimes rescue [the picture] from its plodding moments". The film raised Strickland's profile further, though its critical response was mixed and it performed moderately at the box office. Strickland appeared as a lawyer and love interest in the film American Gangster, which stars Russell Crowe and Denzel Washington in 2007. In 2008, she played Jillian Cartwright in the film The Family That Preys. Since Private Practice ended its run in 2013, Strickland had starring roles in the 2019 film Grand Isle and The Time Capsule in 2022.

Work in television
In early 2005, Strickland was cast in the pilot episode for the fact-based ABC television series Laws of Chance. It was based on the career of Kelly Siegler, a highly successful Houston, Texas-based assistant district attorney. Strickland, whose co-stars in the pilot included Frances Fisher and Bruce McGill, said she was "really excited to have the opportunity to portray this phenomenal lady", but the series was dropped from development a few months later. Strickland was also cast in the independently financed 1950s-set film Walker Payne as laid-off stripminer Jason Patric's love interest; in a review of the film at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival, Variety wrote that Strickland was "elegant". In late 2005, she joined the cast of The Flock, a crime drama featuring Richard Gere, Claire Danes and singer Avril Lavigne about a federal agent assigned to track down a missing girl and a paroled sex offender (played by Strickland). Strickland said it was important to participate in such a story because she felt members of society need to consider and be responsible for their views on the sex offender counterculture, which she says "[is] actually not counter at all, it's very real, very next door to you."

Strickland's first aired television project as a cast regular was the David E. Kelley-produced series The Wedding Bells. According to her, she wanted to be in the series because "the subject of love and commitment is something to me that I want to walk into every day. It's a lot better than dead bodies." The show began airing on the Fox Network in March 2007, and it was canceled the following month. The Baltimore Sun called it "awful in ways that make the word 'awful' seem inadequate [...] [the cast is] not a bad one at all, but just terrifically ill-served by the material." She joined the cast of the Grey's Anatomy spin-off Private Practice, which began airing in September 2007; and portrayed Charlotte King, chief of staff at the show's local hospital and a doctor specializing in urologic surgery, and later sexology. In 2015, Strickland was a main cast member in the first season of the mystery anthology television series Secrets and Lies. In 2016, she joined the series Shut Eye as Linda Haverford, the wife of lead character Charlie (played by Jeffrey Donovan). It was cancelled on January 30, 2018 after two seasons.

In 2022, she was cast in a leading role in the second season of the American teen drama thriller anthology series Cruel Summer, set for summer of 2023. Strickland will reunite onscreen with her Private Practice costars Griffin Gluck and Paul Adelstein, who played her son and husband, respectively.

Music video
In 1996, Strickland appeared briefly in the music video for Oasis's "Don't Look Back In Anger". In 2009, Strickland appeared in the music video for Rascal Flatts's "Here Comes Goodbye".

Artistry and image
Strickland has cited Jessica Lange, Holly Hunter, Diane Keaton (in Annie Hall), Ione Skye (her Fever Pitch co-star) and Jane Fonda as her inspirations and/or influences; for The Grudge, she mimicked Fonda's performance in Klute (1971) and her "brilliant way in that film of creating tension and fear for the audience just by walking down a hallway and looking over her shoulder." She noted the input of her acting coach, Maggie Flanagan, who instructed Strickland to watch films with the sound turned off to gauge the quality and comprehensibility of a performance, and who Strickland credits as her "Jedi Knight".

Strickland cites her work ethic and her "active imagination" as sources of inspiration when she is required to convey certain emotions, particularly negative ones. She said she does not practise method acting, but that actors can bring to a role elements that are, in her words, "an extension of [their] life experience". According to her, she hopes to have her experience of growing up in an emotionally warm environment incorporated into her work. Strickland has spoken of her difficulty conveying different "versions" of emotions such as fear to different members of a worldwide film-watching audience, saying "what really kept me going was trying to communicate something universal." She said she is extremely flattered when people, particularly her fans, genuinely relate to her when her "version of storytelling" and work as an actress communicates to them. She said she believed she was "here" to act, and that she could not live without it: "It's my joy, it's what I love, and there's no feeling like being able to do what you love in life, and really fully doing it", she said. Strickland called her life as an actress "a crazy existence" and "completely unstable" because of the frequency with which she has to look for new jobs, but she said she is "gonna be whole hog with it" and continue to act until her death.

Strickland is a self-described "big fashionista" and "very concerned with looks", and has noted the need for "an element of vanity" in acting, particularly in Los Angeles, where she says she is "continually surrounded by super-human people" and has "never seen so much beauty". She says she has never had to rely on her appearance or felt pressured to be beautiful. With regard to sources such as magazines, Strickland said she is "very careful" about the way she wants to be presented as a woman, saying she strives to avoid "sensationalizing or sexualizing" herself. As she put it, she is not accustomed to being considered a "pretty girl" or "attractive by a standard that [she's] never felt that [she] was part of". She has a very noticeable Southern American accent, which she says is an advantage for her because it is "the one thing" that film and casting directors like the sound of and "really gravitate toward", particularly in Los Angeles, which she called "a town full of blondes". According to her, she learned to speak without the accent at university; because she does not want people to think she has no other skills, she uses it only when it is required or requested. She is experienced in stage combat and has said she "like[s] to do physical stuff". In an interview to discuss Anacondas, she said, "If there was a Braveheart for women, I'd be all over it."

Personal life
Strickland met fellow actor Jason Behr on the set of The Grudge in 2004. According to her, they shared an affinity for Japanese culture and became friends almost instantly. The two began a relationship soon after filming ended. When asked about her love life in February 2005, Strickland said it was "quiet". On November 10, 2006, she married Behr in Ojai, California, in a ceremony inspired by Japanese culture. Strickland said her experience planning the wedding aided her preparation for her role in The Wedding Bells. Her work on the wedding provided the inspiration for the wedding garden of Casa de Estrellas (House of Stars), a luxury inn and spa in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Behr proposed to her on her birthday. They have a son, Atticus Elijah Behr.

In 2004, before the release of Anacondas, Strickland hosted the art debut of fellow actress Heidi Jayne Netzley at the Edgemar Center for the Arts in Santa Monica, California. She was among the actors who picketed alongside writers during the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. She also works closely with the anti-sexual assault organization RAINN. When Private Practice creator Shonda Rhimes wrote a storyline in which Strickland's character was assaulted and raped, Strickland turned to RAINN to ensure that her portrayal was true to life. Through her work for this storyline, Strickland felt a personal connection with RAINN and decided to become an advocate. Since then, she has spoken out for the elimination of the backlog of untested DNA evidence and has become a vocal advocate for using DNA evidence to solve rape cases. She also worked with Gorjana to create an exclusive piece of jewelry for RAINN, in which 80% of the sale price goes directly to the organization.

title: KaDee Strickland


text:
User:BillRice

I'm just an average guy from Boise, Idaho. I love the concept of Wiki and love to contribute on any subject I have some specific knowledge about.

title: User:BillRice


text:
Branko Radivojevič

Branko Radivojevič (Бранко Радивојевић / Branko Radivojević; born 24 November 1980) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey forward who began and finished his career playing for HK Dukla Trenčín of the Slovak Extraliga (Slovak). He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Phoenix Coyotes, Philadelphia Flyers and Minnesota Wild. His father Matija, a Bosnian Serb, came to Czechoslovakia during the 1970s as a contractor of a Yugoslavian company.

Playing career
Drafted by the Colorado Avalanche in 1999, Radivojevič signed a 3-year deal with the Phoenix Coyotes on June 19, 2001 and played parts of the next three seasons there. Part of a mid-season trade in 2003–04, he was sent to the Philadelphia Flyers along with Sean Burke and the rights to Ben Eager for Mike Comrie. After 2005–06, the Flyers declined to tender him a qualifying offer, thus making him an unrestricted free agent. He signed with the Minnesota Wild as an unrestricted free agent on July 6, 2006. After a couple seasons with the Wild, he opted to go to the KHL.

After two years with the Wild, Radivojevič signed with Spartak Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). In the 2008–09 season Branko established himself as an offensive presence with Spartak, leading the team in scoring with 45 points in 49 games. He was re-signed to a further two-year contract with Spartak on December 23, 2009.

After three seasons with Spartak (during the last one he was the captain of the team) Branko decided to change the team. After some arguments with Spartak's management his contract was terminated and Branko signed with Atlant Moscow Oblast. After spending only one season with Atlant (2011–2012) he returned to Spartak. For 2013-14 season he signed with Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk, but changed the team during the season for Slovan Bratislava.

In the 2014–15 season, Radivojevic returned to his original hometown club in HK Dukla Trenčín of the Slovak Extraliga. However, after just 12 games he left for the Czech Extraliga, signing for the remainder of the season with HC Bílí Tygři Liberec on October 14, 2014.

Returning for a third stint with Dukla, Radivojevic played the final two seasons of his 21-year career before announcing his retirement upon the conclusion of the 2018–19 season on March 20, 2019.

title: Branko Radivojevič


text:
User talk:WestCoast~enwiki

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. -- Longhair | Talk 23:06, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:WestCoast~enwiki


text:
Matthew 4:8

Matthew 4:8 is the eighth verse of the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. Jesus has just rejected Satan's second temptation. In this verse the devil transports Jesus to a new location for the third temptation.

Content
The original Koine Greek, according to Westcott and Hort, reads:
 * παλιν παραλαμβανει αυτον ο διαβολος εις ορος υψηλον λιαν και δεικνυσιν
 * αυτω πασας τας βασιλειας του κοσμου και την δοξαν αυτων

In the King James Version of the Bible, the text reads:
 * Again, the devil taketh him up into an
 * exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the
 * kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them;

The World English Bible translates the passage as:
 * Again, the devil took him to an exceedingly
 * high mountain, and showed him all the
 * kingdoms of the world, and their glory.

For a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 4:8

Analysis
The Gospel of Luke does not mention a mountain. simply refers to a "high place." There is a mountain near Jericho that is popularly claimed to be the site of this temptation, but France notes there is no scriptural or historical evidence to support this. There is possibly a link between this verse and Moses viewing the Holy Land in and, but Nolland does not think such a link is sensical.

There is, of course, no mountain from where "all the kingdoms of the world" can be seen. One explanation for this is that the word taketh does not necessarily refer to a physical transportation, it could mean that Satan merely took Jesus in a vision. John Calvin supported this view, and the Geneva Bible made this interpretation explicit. Clarke lists several other explanation that have been given for this statement: Clark notes that the mountain setting evokes pagan mythology, which often had to gods atop mountains of extreme height. The most famous example being Mount Olympus of the Greeks. The deuterocanonical Book of Baruch also mentions a mountain from where all the kingdoms of the Earth can be seen.
 * The world only refers to the "known world" of that time and people, or is a general expression referring to the local region, which could be seen from a mountain.
 * The word kingdom does not refer to geographical entities, but is rather a metaphor for earthly power.
 * The showing did not itself take place on the mountain, rather the actual "showing" consisted of a rapid fly over of the entire world.
 * Once atop the mountain the devil did not literally show Jesus the kingdoms but rather pulled out a map upon which all the kingdoms were displayed.
 * Fortna also notes that the verse could be implying a Flat Earth, which would allow for all countries to be seen at once from a tall enough mountain.

Nolland contrasts the"kingdoms of the world" to the "Kingdom of Heaven" that is mentioned throughout the Gospel, one being the kingdom of Satan and the other the kingdom of God.

This verse is often considered to be a reference to, where God instructs Moses to climb Mount Nebo and shows him Jericho and Canaan and promises them to the Israelites. This verse shows that Jesus' domain is greater, as he is presented with the entire world. France notes that it also implies that the devil then had control of the entire globe prior to the coming of Jesus, something made explicit in and.

Commentary from the Church Fathers
Pseudo-Chrysostom: "The Devil, left in uncertainty by this second reply, passes to a third temptation. Christ had broken the nets of appetite, had passed over those of ambition, he now spreads for Him those of covetousness; He taketh him up into a very high mountain, such as in going round about the earth he had noticed rising above the rest. The higher the mountain, the wider the view from it. He shows Him not so as that they truly saw the very kingdoms, cities, nations, their silver and their gold; but the quarters of the earth where each kingdom and city lay. As suppose from some high ground I were to point out to you, see there lies Rome, there Alexandria; you are not supposed to see the towns themselves, but the quarter in which they lie. Thus the Devil might point out the several quarters with his finger, and recount in words the greatness of each kingdom and its condition; for that is said to be shown which is in any way presented to the understanding.

Origen: "We are not to suppose that when he showed Him the kingdoms of the world, he presented before Him the kingdom of Persia, for instance, or India; but he showed his own kingdom, how he reigns in the world, that is, how some are governed by fornication, some by avarice."

Saint Remigius: "By their glory, is meant, their gold and silver, precious stones and temporal goods."

Rabanus Maurus: "The Devil shows all this to the Lord, not as though he had power to extend his vision or show Him anything unknown. But setting forth in speech as excellent and pleasant, that vain worldly pomp wherein himself delighted, he thought by suggestion of it, to create in Christ a love of it."

Glossa Ordinaria: "He saw not, as we see, with the eye of lust, but as a physician looks on disease without receiving any hurt."

title: Matthew 4:8


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