text:
Commonwealth Coast Conference

The Commonwealth Coast Conference (CCC) is an intercollegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division III. Member institutions are located in New England in the states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island.

Overview
The CCC and Commonwealth Coast Football unveiled a new family of logos during a June 2019 visual rebrand.

Recent events
On June 21, 2022, the University of Hartford announced that it would join the CCC, starting the 2023–24 academic year; while Salve Regina announced it would leave both the CCC and CCC Football to join the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC), once concluding the 2022–23 school year.

On December 8, 2022, Johnson & Wales (RI) announced it would join the CCC as soon as the 2024–25 academic year.

In 2023, two schools announced they would be reinstating their varsity football programs and joining the CCC for football, starting the 2025 fall season (2025–26 academic year); first Maine Maritime Academy on January 9, then New England College followed suit on November 14.

Chronological timeline

 * 1984 – On 1984, the Commonwealth Coast Conference (CCC) was founded. Charter members included Anna Maria College, Curry College, Emerson College, Hellenic College, Salve Regina College (now Salve Regina University), the United States Coast Guard Academy (Coast Guard) and Wentworth Institute of Technology (Wentworth Tech); beginning the 1984–85 academic year.
 * 1985 – Hellenic left the CCC when the school dropped its athletic program after lasting only one season after the 1984–85 academic year.
 * 1985 – Roger Williams College (now Roger Williams University) joined the CCC in the 1985–86 academic year.
 * 1986 – The CCC was granted membership within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III ranks in the 1986–87 academic year.
 * 1987 – The U.S. Coast Guard left the CCC to join the Constitution Athletic Conference after the 1986–87 academic year.
 * 1987 – Gordon College joined the CCC in the 1987–88 academic year.
 * 1988 – Regis College joined the CCC in the 1988–89 academic year.
 * 1989 – Emerson left the CCC to become an NCAA D-III Independent after the 1988–89 academic year.
 * 1989 – New England College of New Hampshire joined the CCC in the 1989–90 academic year.
 * 1992 – Eastern Nazarene College joined the CCC in the 1992–93 academic year.
 * 1995 – Colby–Sawyer College and Nichols College joined the CCC in the 1995–96 academic year.
 * 1999 – Endicott College and the University of New England of Maine joined the CCC in the 1999–2000 academic year.
 * 2007 – Western New England University joined the CCC in the 2007–08 academic year.
 * 2011 – Four member schools left the CCC to join their respective new home primary conferences: Anna Maria to the Great Northeast Athletic Conference (GNAC), Regis (Mass.) to the New England Collegiate Conference (NECC), and Colby–Sawyer and New England (N.H.) to the North Atlantic Conference (NAC), all effective after the 2010–11 academic year.
 * 2016 – Becker College, Johnson and Wales University, Providence and Suffolk University joined the CCC as associate members for men's ice hockey in the 2016–17 academic year.
 * 2017 – The CCC added football as a sponsored sport, although not directly as it absorbed the former and defunct New England Football Conference and rebranded as Commonwealth Coast Football (CCC Football) in the 2017 fall season (2017–18 academic year).
 * 2017 – Becker added football to join CCC Football in the 2017 fall season (2017–18 academic year).
 * 2018 – Eastern Nazarene left the CCC to join the NECC after the 2017–18 academic year.
 * 2018 – Johnson & Wales and Suffolk left the CCC as associate members for men's ice hockey after the 2017–18 academic year.
 * 2019 – Husson University joined CCC Football in the 2019 fall season (2019–20 academic year).
 * 2020 – Suffolk returned to the CCC, but with full membership status in the 2020–21 academic year.
 * 2022 – Due to changes in NCAA legislation regarding the number of member schools required for an automatic qualifier (AQ), football was fully incorporated into the CCC multi-sport conference, eliminating the need for the single-sport Commonwealth Coast Football league, beginning the 2022–23 academic year.
 * 2023 – Salve Regina left the CCC (and CCC Football) to join the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC) after the 2022–23 academic year.
 * 2023 – The University of Hartford joined the CCC in the 2023–24 academic year.
 * 2023 – Johnson & Wales (RI) will join the CCC as soon as the 2024–25 academic year.
 * 2023 – Maine Maritime Academy and New England College will reinstate their varsity football programs and joining the CCC for football, beginning the 2025 fall season (2025–26 academic year).
 * 2024 – Colby–Sawyer College and the University of Saint Joseph of Connecticut will join the CCC as associate members for men's tennis by the 2025 spring season (2024–25 academic year).

Current members
The CCC currently has 11 full members, all private schools.

 * Notes:

Associate members
The CCC currently has three associate members, all private schools:

Future associate members
The CCC will have two future associate members, all but one are private schools:

Former members
The CCC had nine former full members, with all but one being private schools.

 * Notes:

Former associate members
The CCC had three former associate members, all were private schools:

 * Notes:

Sports
The CCC sponsors intercollegiate athletic competition in 20 sports. The conference started sponsoring football in the 2017-18 season, absorbing the former football-only New England Football Conference. From 2017-2021 football was operated as a single-sport conference branded Commonwealth Coast Football. Due to changes in NCAA legislation regarding the number of members required for a for a conference to receive and automatic qualifier (AQ), football was fully incorporated into the multi-sport conference in 2022, eliminating the need for the football-only league. Women's ice hockey was added as a conference sport in 2020-21 when the CCC took over operations of the Colonial Hockey Conference.

title: Commonwealth Coast Conference


text:
Pennsylvania wood cockroach

The Pennsylvania wood cockroach (Parcoblatta pensylvanica) or Pennsylvanian cockroach is a common species of cockroach in eastern and central North America.

Description
Males are dark brown; the sides of the thorax and the front half of the wings are margined with yellow. Adult males are fully winged, while females have conspicuous wing pads (actually short wings like that of the female oriental cockroach), which are functionless. Wings of the male are longer than its body, while wing pads of the female cover only one-third to two-thirds of the abdomen. The males fly swiftly but do not have the ability to sustain themselves in the air for long periods.

Habitat and ecology
The species occurs in open, timbered areas with little ground cover. According to entomologist Fred A. Lawson, it is "often seen on tree trunks and lower branches of oaks and elms after dark." Nymphs and adults are also found outdoors beneath loose bark in woodpiles, stumps, and hollow trees. Brought indoors on infested firewood, they wander about the house without congregating in any particular room. They can be especially troublesome during the mating season, which is during May and June. Male wood cockroaches frequently travel in large numbers and fly considerable distances. They are attracted to lights at night and may gain entry indoors. Large numbers may also be found in rain gutters of homes.

Pennsylvania wood cockroaches feed primarily on decaying organic matter. Both female and male Pennsylvania wood cockroaches have been found under shingles and on the inside of garages. They rarely breed indoors. However, with the growing use of firewood, the popularity of cedar shake shingles, and the continual building of homes in wooded areas, problems with Pennsylvania wood cockroaches will probably escalate.

Reproduction
The Pennsylvania wood cockroach has three developmental stages: egg, nymph, and adult. Eggs are laid in egg capsules, produced during the warm months and deposited behind the loose bark of dead trees, fallen logs, or stumps. Egg capsules are yellowish brown and characteristically curved on both sides like a half moon. Capsules are twice as long as wide, each containing up to 32 eggs. The egg stage lasts about 34 days at 80 °F, while the nymphal stage typically lasts 10 to 12 months but can last up to 2 years. The normal life span of the female adult is several months.

Distribution
The distribution of the species includes southeastern Canada, in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and the eastern and central United States, in Alabama, the District of Columbia, probably Florida, Delaware, Georgia, Virginia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin.

A 1966 article said that it is the only species of cockroach that is definitely native to Ontario, while a 1987 update also included Parcoblatta virginica and Parcoblatta uhleriana as indigenous to the province.

Structural and environmental modifications and repairs
Pennsylvania wood cockroaches are most often carried into homes under the bark of firewood. It is best to not store firewood inside the house. Move woodpiles away from the house to further reduce the likelihood of cockroaches wandering in.

Houses located within woods will sometimes have wood cockroaches crawl under siding; especially homes with cedar shake shingles. To cockroaches, the house may represent a fallen tree and a new location for nesting. A wide lawn will inhibit cockroaches crawling from the surrounding woods to the house. The use of window screening and caulking to prevent entry is a good structural tactic.

The species frequently invades summer cottages, and while it is considered a nuisance, it is rarely in enough numbers to be considered a pest.

Chemical control
As breeding populations rarely become established indoors, house interiors should not be treated. Treat exteriors only when wood cockroaches enter homes from the surrounding environment.

Exterior treatments to foundations, around doors and windows, porches, patios and other areas where outside lights are located will help control both the adult males (which will fly to the lights) and the females (which crawl to the house in search of harborage).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pennsylvania wood cockroach


text:
Manolis Kalomiris

Manolis Kalomiris (Μανώλης Καλομοίρης; December 14, 1883, Smyrna – April 3, 1962, Athens) was a Greek classical composer. He was the founder of the Greek National School of Music.

Biography
Born in Smyrna (modern Izmir, Turkey), he attended school in Constantinople and studied piano and composition in Vienna. After working for a few years as a piano teacher in Kharkov, Russian Empire, he settled in Athens. An admirer of Richard Wagner, Rimsky-Korsakoff, Kostis Palamas, and Nikos Kazantzakis, he set himself the life goal of establishing a Greek "national school" of music, based on the ideas of the Russian national composers, on western musical achievements and on modern Greek folk music, poetry and myth. He thus founded in 1919 the Hellenic Conservatory and in 1926 the National Conservatoire. At the same time, he served as the General Supervisor of military bands in the country. He wrote three symphonies and five operas, one piano concerto and one violin concertino, other symphonic works, chamber music and numerous songs and piano works. He held various public posts and was elected member of the Academy of Athens.

A passionate composer, he has a post-romantic idiom characterised by rich harmonies and orchestrations, complex counterpoints, long eastern melodies, and the frequent use of Greek folk rhythms. A preoccupation with love and death transcends all five of his music dramas.

title: Manolis Kalomiris


text: Category:Operas by Antonin Dvorak

title: Category:Operas by Antonin Dvorak


text:
Talk:Prince John

Untitled
this should be redirected to Prince John of the United Kingdom

title: Talk:Prince John


text:
MSTelcom

MSTelcom is a subsidiary of Sonangol Group, the state petroleum company of Angola. MSTelcom provides a range of telecommunications services for the oil industry as well as for residential and corporate clients. Its name comes from "Mercury Telecommunication Services SARL". Its competitors include Angola Telecom.

Operations

 * TCC The company's hub is the TCC, or Telecommunications Center, located in Luanda, the capital of Angola.
 * Telephony MSTelcom provides a countrywide landline network with international access, wireless local loop DECT coverage, and VSAT satellite service for corporate clients.
 * Data The company provides corporate data transmission services.
 * Internet MSTelcom is an end user Internet Service Provider with corporate and residential customers.
 * Microwave Network The company provides medium and high microwave bandwidth corporate networks.
 * Radio MSTelcom provides a national and international voice and data radio communications system, a maritime VHF network, an aeronautical VHF network, a community ground UHF radio repeater network, and a radio trunking system.

title: MSTelcom


text:
Knut Tarald Taraldsen

Knut Tarald Taraldsen (born 23 March 1948, in Oslo) is a Norwegian linguist working in Tromsø as a senior researcher at the Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Linguistics (CASTL).

His work mostly concerns syntactic theory. He did early, ground-breaking work on parasitic gaps (roughly at the same time as Elisabeth Engdahl), and is also responsible for Taraldsen's generalization concerning the cross-linguistic correlation between null subjects and subject-verb agreement.

title: Knut Tarald Taraldsen


text:
Makai Kingdom: Chronicles of the Sacred Tome

Makai Kingdom: Chronicles of the Sacred Tome is a tactical role-playing game developed and published by Nippon Ichi Software. It was initially released for PlayStation 2 on March 17, 2005 in Japan, July 26 in North America, and October 28 in Europe. An enhanced port of the game, Phantom Kingdom Portable, was released for the PlayStation Portable in Japan on October 6, 2011. The game was later ported to Windows as Makai Kingdom: Reclaimed and Rebound, and to Nintendo Switch as part of the Prinny Presents NIS Classics Volume 2 compilation, with those versions released worldwide on May 10, 2022.

A spin-off of the Disgaea series, the game follows a godlike being, Overlord Zetta, after he attempts to avert the destruction of his Netherworld and, due to his foolishness, is forced to confine his soul to the Sacred Tome, a reality-controlling book. He is forced to seek out other Overlords for assistance in reconstructing his Netherworld. The PSP, Windows, and Switch versions also contain Petta Mode, a route featuring Zetta's future daughter, Petta, who has gone back in time. The game was praised by critics for its humorous dialog, story, and deep gameplay, although it was criticized by some as being too similar to previous games from the publisher.

Setting
The main characters of Makai Kingdom are Overlords, beings of godlike power who rule over pocket universes called Netherworlds that also appear in the Disgaea series.

Characters
The protagonist is Zetta, a self-proclaimed "Bad-ass Freakin' Overlord" who is, to his knowledge, the strongest to ever exist. One of his main allies is Dark Lord Valvoga, an intimidating-looking being resembling a generic "final boss" who consists of three separate minds, the cowardly Mickey, the sultry Ophelia, and Dryzen, a crazed dragon skull. Other characters include Pram the Oracle, a young overlord who can see the future, Alexander, a God of Destruction who wields thunder-based powers and considers Zetta his rival, Demon Overlord Seedle, a former samurai, Salome the Traitor, Zetta's former pupil, and Trenia, a mysterious girl with an unknown identity who can be seen wandering around space seemingly at random.

Story
After the destruction of his Netherworld is prophesied by Pram the Oracle, Overlord Zetta travels to the Forbidden Library to prevent it. Finding the Sacred Tome, a book that controls reality, Zetta finds a passage claiming that his own stupidity would be the downfall of his Netherworld. Infuriated, he burns the book, only to remember immediately afterwards that destroying the book would destroy his world in a self-fulfilling prophecy. He quickly responds by confining his soul to the Sacred Tome and ventures to rewrite his world into existence by having the other Overlords of Netherworlds write wishes within his pages.

After fighting through a number of different Netherworlds, Zetta is supposedly fatally cursed by a godlike being known as The One. Soon after, his lost former pupil, Salome, asks him to marry her. Traveling to her Netherworld, Zetta fatally wounds Salome in battle, but she reveals that she was already dying beforehand. The true strongest Overlord, Salome was giving all of her mana to Zetta in secret due to her unrequited love for him. Realizing this, Zetta asks Pram to revive Salome, but she is thwarted by the vengeful Overlord Seedle. Alexander defeats Seedle, but Zetta is left without hope of reviving Salome or returning to his body.

Trenia reveals herself to be the spirit of the Sacred Tome that was exiled from the book when Zetta put himself into it. Believing that Zetta has learned his lesson and become a more humble person, she confines herself back into the Sacred Tome, giving him back his body and full power. Zetta then proceeds to revive Salome using his immense power. Meanwhile, it is revealed that the curse of The One is fake, and that the true The One is actually Ophelia.

Gameplay
The gameplay is somewhat similar to the gameplay found in Phantom Brave and Disgaea: Hour of Darkness, other games created by Nippon Ichi. The characters summoned in battle have freedom to move within a circle set by the characters' movement points. Victory is achieved by scoring a set number of points, which are given by interacting with items on the map, discovering extension maps, and eliminating enemies. Several of the classes from Disgaea: Hour of Darkness exist in this game as well, such as Warrior and Mage, but some of the equivalents of previous classes are different. Some classes also have distinctions between sexes.

There are a variety of weapon types, each with their own expansive sets. Characters can equip armor and various other accessories to aid in combat. Each class has four weapon types in which they are proficient, and can learn new moves to use in combat as characters master the weapons.

Vehicles are a new addition from previous Nippon Ichi games. They are similar to moving, battle-capable buildings. They vary in size, shape, and purpose, but are generally faster than travelling on foot. Vehicles can damage opponents and can level-up, but levelling a vehicle is different from levelling a character. Leveling up high ranked vehicles is difficult, and in actuality, impossible to raise them to 9999, as the cost will effectively be more than the player can ever make.

Many of maps are randomly generated. While, in many cases, the first map in a storyline mission is pre-set, the "extensions" to the map are often randomly generated. The randomly generated maps creates the potential to have vastly different situations even when replaying the same map. Within the game, there are two separate types of extensions: "Locked" and "Secret". While both extensions can be revealed by throwing something out of bounds into the extension, "Locked" extensions can also be unlocked by destroying a specific unit on the field, which is marked with an icon saying "Key".

Once an extension is revealed, there may occasionally be "special events" which occur as soon as the extension is unlocked. While many special events simply affect the enemies that appear in the extension, others will paralyze everyone on the battlefield, put everyone to sleep, or other effects.

Reception
The game received an aggregate score of 77/100 on Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


text: User talk:81.157.30.108

title: User talk:81.157.30.108


text:
Donald Walter Gordon Murray

Donald Walter Gordon Murray, (May 29, 1894 – January 7, 1976), also known as "Gordon Murray", was a Canadian cardiac surgeon.

Born in Ontario, he enrolled at the University of Toronto to study medicine in 1914. During World War I, he enlisted as an artilleryman and rose to the rank of sergeant. After the war, he graduated in 1921. In 1927, he started work at the Toronto General Hospital. He is known for performing the first homograft implant into the descending thoracic aorta to treat aortic regurgitation.

In 1967, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada "for his contribution to the development of new surgical procedures and achievements in the field of medical research".

title: Donald Walter Gordon Murray


text:
George Renouf

George Poddester Renouf (November 12, 1878 – February 20, 1961) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1932 to 1958, initially as a Conservative and later as a Progressive Conservative, once the party changed its name.

Born at Jersey in 1878, Renouf was educated at a private school in Jersey, and came to Canada in 1896, moving to Winnipeg in 1898 and to Bowsman the following year. In 1906, he married Elsie Marie Le Salleur, also from Jersey. He worked as a farmer, and was reeve of the Minitonas municipality from 1921 to 1932. He was also president of the Minitonas Red Cross. Renouf farmed in the Swan River valley until 1955.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1932 provincial election, defeating independent candidate S. Einarson by 419 votes in the Swan River constituency. He was re-elected in the 1936 election, defeating Liberal-Progressive D. Baldwin by only twelve votes.

The Conservative Party, which was Manitoba's official opposition in the 1930s, joined the Liberal-Progressives in a coalition government in 1940. Renouf became a government backbencher, and was easily returned in the 1941 election. In the 1945 election, he defeated CCF candidate Robert Niven by over one thousand votes.

Renouf appears to have left the Progressive Conservative caucus and the government coalition in 1948, after Douglas Campbell was chosen as Premier of Manitoba. In the 1949 provincial election, he ran as a Conservative opposing the coalition. Easily re-elected, he served as opposition house leader for the start of the parliament which followed.

The Progressive Conservatives left the coalition government in 1950. Renouf rejoined the party caucus, and was re-elected one final time in 1953. He did not seek re-election in 1958, in which the Progressive Conservatives won a minority government under Dufferin Roblin. Renouf seems to have tacitly endorsed Roblin's bid to become party leader in 1954.

He retired to Victoria, British Columbia in 1959, and died two years later in Winnipeg.

title: George Renouf


text:
User talk:Nistelle

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 20:54, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
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Image:Gestahl -- Amano.jpg
Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 20:54, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Kirin.gif
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Image copyright problem with Image:Terra -- Crown, Close.jpg
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Tritoch
Welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome your help to create new content, but your recent additions (such as Tritoch) are considered nonsense. Please refrain from creating nonsense articles. If you want to test things out, edit the sandbox instead. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. --Android Mouse Bot 2 07:56, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Gau (Final Fantasy VI) menu.png)
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Light of Judgement listed at Redirects for discussion
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Nomination of Magicite for deletion
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title: User talk:Nistelle


text: Category:Operas by Béla Bartók

title: Category:Operas by Béla Bartók


text:
User:Hansolo321

A member of the TheForce.net's message boards found here.

http://boards.theforce.net

His profile http://boards.theforce.net/user.asp?usr=730050

Also a memeber of this website.

title: User:Hansolo321


text:
Parcoblatta virginica

Parcoblatta virginica, the Virginia wood cockroach, is a small cockroach species of the genus Parcoblatta, measuring about a centimeter long as an adult.

Description
Adult males of this species like adult males of several other species of Parcoblatta are full winged and orangish in color. Adult females are brachypterous and can be from rusty brown to almost black. Nymphs can be brown to black. Adults and older nymphs usually have a blackish or dark stained head.

Distribution
The distribution of the species is limited to Ontario, Canada and the eastern United States, including Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

title: Parcoblatta virginica


text:
NAICS 11

NAICS sector 11 (abbreviated to NAICS 11) is a sub-classification of economic activity that covers agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) system in Canada, the United States and Mexico.

The Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, harvesting timber, and harvesting fish and other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural habitats.

The establishments in this sector are often described as farms, ranches, dairies, greenhouses, nurseries, orchards, or hatcheries. A farm may consist of a single tract of land or a number of separate tracts which may be held under different tenures. For example, one tract may be owned by the farm operator and another rented. It may be operated by the operator alone or with the assistance of members of the household or hired employees, or it may be operated by a partnership, corporation, or other type of organization. When a landowner has one or more tenants, renters, croppers, or managers, the land operated by each is considered a farm.

The sector distinguishes two basic activities: agricultural production and agricultural support activities. Agricultural production includes establishments performing the complete farm or ranch operation, such as farm owner-operators, tenant farm operators, and sharecroppers. Agricultural support activities include establishments that perform one or more activities associated with farm operation, such as soil preparation, planting, harvesting, and management, on a contract or fee basis.

Excluded from the Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting and Fishing sector are establishments primarily engaged in agricultural research and establishments primarily engaged in administering programs for regulating and conserving land, mineral, wildlife, and forest use. These establishments are classified in Industry 54171, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences; and Industry 92412, Administration of Conservation Programs, respectively.

Sector 11 Codes
The values for NAICS codes beginning with 11 are summarized below.

 * 11	Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
 * 111	Crop Production
 * 1111	Oilseed and Grain Farming
 * 1112	Vegetable and Melon Farming
 * 1113	Fruit and Tree Nut Farming
 * 1114	Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production
 * 1119	Other Crop Farming
 * 112	Animal Production
 * 1121	Cattle Ranching and Farming
 * 1122	Hog and Pig Farming
 * 1123	Poultry and Egg Production
 * 1124	Sheep and Goat Farming
 * 1125	Animal Aquaculture
 * 1129	Other Animal Production
 * 113	Forestry and Logging
 * 1131	Timber Tract Operations
 * 1132	Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products
 * 1133	Logging
 * 114	Fishing, Hunting and Trapping
 * 1141	Fishing
 * 1142	Hunting and Trapping
 * 115	Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry
 * 1151	Support Activities for Crop Production
 * 1152	Support Activities for Animal Production
 * 1153	Support Activities for Forestry

title: NAICS 11


text: Category:Operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart


text:
Camargo, Chihuahua

Santa Rosalía de Camargo, originally called Santa Rosalía, and now known as "Ciudad Camargo" (Camargo City), is a city in the eastern part of the Mexican state of Chihuahua, located at the confluence of the Rio Parral and the Rio Conchos in the Allende Valley. It serves as the municipal seat of Camargo municipality and also serves as an important agricultural and livestock center for the area. Ciudad Camargo was originally founded in 1740 and refounded in 1792.

Coat of Arms
In the upper part of the city's Coat of Arms, the following terms appear: TRABAJO 1792 NOBLEZA ("Work-1792-Nobility"), which represents the original motto of the city and its refounding date. It appears above a profile of the mountains along the Conchos River. In the center is the figure of a Spaniard on horseback; below that, the historic Municipal Presidency building and the head of a Tarahumara Indian wearing a collar appear facing each other, seen in profile. These figures are flanked by smoking chimneys that symbolize the industry of the city. The lower part displays a walnut tree planted at the confluence of two rivers, which flow downward to a cross rising from a sun in which Apache arrows appear, symbolizing the depopulation of the old settlement of the region by the attack of these indigenous groups. Under the left river branch, agriculture is represented with a pheasant; under the right river branch, livestock is represented with a cow skull.

A sheath of maize appears along each side of the shield. On the lower apex of the shield appears the city's name: SANTA ROSALÍA DE CAMARGO.

History
The lands located between the existing town of San Francisco de Conchos and the confluence of the Río Concho and Río Florido rivers were explored by Francisco Escárcega on June 12, 1687, at the direction of the Governor of Nueva Vizcaya, Don José de Neyra y Quiroga. In 1740, the site at the confluence of the Río Concho and Río Parral rivers was established as a town with the name of Santa Rosalía for the Catholic missionaries who were assigned to administer in the area.

In 1745, Apache raiders from further north began looting and terrorizing Spanish settlements through the entire Allende Valley. They attacked the town of San Francisco de Conchos on March 25, when they killed the Franciscan missionary friars Tomás de Zigarán and Francisco de Labado who served the mission. They also burned the church and the friars' house. The Apaches then immediately attacked the town of San Pedro de Conchos; there, the missionary left before befalling any harm and took refuge with the Jesuits in Satevó. From Valle de Allende, the friars and Spanish residents were evacuated to Villa López before the raiders arrived; but they were unable to prevent the Apache from burning the convent and the sanctuary.

General Francisco Montaño de la Cueva led the campaign against the insurgents, rounding them up and immediately imposing the peace. But he hanged thirteen of the native leaders determined to be responsible for the uprising and the death of the missionaries in the Allende Valley.

The attacks of the Apache raiders caused an abandonment of the town, but it was re-established and repopulated on November 25, 1792, with the same name of Santa Rosalía by the Captain Jose Manuel Ochoa, taking orders from General Pedro de Nava, General Commander of the Internal Provinces. The town was re-established with 28 neighbors brought from the Presidio of Conchos, which continued to impose oversight and control over the town until 1820, when the town was given the category of Municipality under the restored Spanish Constitution of Cádiz. In 1826, the community was made part of the political district of Rosales; in 1837, it was included in the sub-prefecture of Jiménez; in 1847, included in the Cantón Jiménez; in 1859, separated to create the Canton Camargo; and from 1887 to 1911, it was included in the Camargo District. In 1897, after 100 years of life, at the request of the Camargan deputy Pedro Carbajal, the local Congress granted the community the title of City with the name of Camargo in honor of the Caudillo insurgent Ignacio Camargo who was shot in Chihuahua during the War of Independence on May 10, 1811.

On August 31, 1860, in Santa Rosalía, Captain Jesus Duarte, with a section of Liberal troops, defeated the Conservative leader Jose Macias, who was left lying on the field with 32 dead and several wounded.

On September 1, 1876, Mayor José Perfecto Lomelín, declared the local government to be in favor of the Tuxtepec Plan and occupied the Plaza de Camargo, which had previously been under the control of Governor Manuel de Herrera and the Chihuahua National Guard.

On April 23, 1913, Constitutionalist Generals Manuel Chao, Rosalío Hernández and Maclovio Herrera attacked the Plaza de Camargo that had become occupied by Huerta troops under the command of General Manuel García Pueblita. The Constitutionalist troops were defeated, leaving the Plaza and the City in the hands of the assailants.

On December 12, 1916, General Francisco Villa attacked and captured the Plaza de Camargo, defended by General Rosalío Hernández with government troops from where they were evicted. All the captured prisoners were shot on Villa's orders.

On January 5, 2017, at the Camargo toll booth on State Highway 45, about a thousand citizens demonstrated against the "gasolinazo" (gasoline tax rise). The State Police were dispatched to end the demonstration; when they arrived, rather than confronting the officers, the demonstrators raised their hands in mass to show that they did not carry weapons, then sat down and sang the National Anthem with one voice. The act was unprecedented in national history.

Climate
Carmargo has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh) with mild winters and hot summers. The average high in hottest month is 36 °C while the average low is 19 °C. Winters are mild with an average high of 20 °C and an average low of 2 °C in January. Precipitation is sparse though it is higher from July to September.

Neighborhoods of Camargo
The Camargo's Municipality has 248 "Colonias" (neighborhoods) and "Zonas Conurbadas" which make the entire city.

Population
Camargo is ethnically diverse, but mostly of European origin, composed primarily of Spanish, Mestizos, Basque, Portuguese, French, Italian, German, Mennonites, South African Boers, and Conchos Indians. As of 2010, the city had a total population of 40,221, up from 39,149 as of 2005.

Tourism
Tourism is a popular activity and a generating potential of currencies, because Camargo City and vicinity possesses a great number of natural attractions, the most popular being:
 * Colina lake With calm waters where one can practice different aquatic sports, as water skiing, jet skiing, and boating.
 * "Ojo Caliente" Resort With thermal and sulphurous waters, located 4 km from Camargo.
 * Los Filtros With birth of moderate templated waters, it is located to only 30 km from Camargo's city
 * Presa la Boquilla is located to the southwest of the city, one of the most beautiful and interesting places of the region.

Interesting places to go

 * Plaza Juarez (park)
 * City Hall
 * "Puerta de Camargo" monument
 * Santa Rosalia Church
 * Santuario Church
 * "Acueducto" monument
 * Bicentenary Park
 * Rancho El Floreno
 * "Faro" monument
 * "Lucha Villa Statue"

Commerce
Besides tourism, The region is known for agriculture, cattle, corn, pecan trees and its surrounding mountains. Wheat, sorghum, cotton, soy bean, maize (corn), beans, chilis, alfalfa, and onions are all grown in the area. Nuts, grapes, apricots, watermelon, melons, pears, plums, and peaches are also grown there.

The Tarahumara Indians living up in the mountains outside of the city regularly come into Ciudad Camargo to sell produce and other goods to the local populace.

Notable people

 * Velia Aguilar Armendáriz, Mexican politician
 * David Alfaro Siqueiros, Mexican social realist painter (Originally from Chihuahua, Chihuahua)
 * Luis H. Álvarez, Mexican industrialist and politician
 * Socorro Bonilla, Mexican actress
 * Alma Delfina, Mexican actress
 * Práxedes Giner Durán, Mexican military official (General officer), politician (Governor of Chihuahua) and member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
 * Oka Giner, Mexican actress
 * Aarón Hernán, Mexican telenovela and film actor
 * Sebastián, Mexican sculptor
 * María Sorté, Mexican actress and singer
 * Lucha Villa, Mexican singer and actress (Golden Age of Mexican cinema)

title: Camargo, Chihuahua


text: User talk:168.212.117.189

title: User talk:168.212.117.189


text:
Talk:Country rap

Untitled
Hey, Cowboy Troy's not the only one mixing country with rap! I added a few examples, I have a few others but it gets a bit murky where to draw the line between country rap and talking blues country. See eminemmylou.com Isn't Nelly part country rap, look at some of his lyrics and hooks

--archola June 1, 2005 3:57 pm CDT

 * Eminemmylou? Sounds like a joke...

 * Well, it's a jokey stage name for a real Brithop artist from Brighton, Sussex, England, UK. She's currently with Latest Records. She used her real name before adding Country to the mix (can't remember what that name was, though. Archola Sept 1, 2005 11:11 AM CDT

The Cadillac Zack mention section seems a bit long for one artist in the genre, a bit non-encyclopedic, and, lastly, not put together in sentence very well. 216.250.6.63 01:39, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

--the latest September 29, 2005 5:40 pm CDT
 * Eminemmylou is also known as Angi Mariani, a country songwriter who does country songs with rap and hip hop, and also does Eminem songs with a banjo such as The Way I Am, and has battle-raps with 50 Cent in the style of a hip hop Kitty Wells, with her feisty response rap, L.I.M.P. Her album Muthabanjo includes When Gram met Eminem, and a cover of Gloomy Sunday, the banned "suicide song" which she has turned into an anti-suicide anthem, with rapper, Legs MC. She says she's going to put country rap on the map. thelatest Sept 29, 2005 5:40 pm CDT

The Cadillac Zack mention section seems a bit long for one artist in the genre, a bit non-encyclopedic, and, lastly, not put together in sentence very well. 216.250.6.63 01:40, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

The following suggestions were generated by a semi-automatic javascript program, and might not be applicable for the article in question. You may wish to browse through User:AndyZ/Suggestions for further ideas. Thanks, Arch O. La  Grigory Deepdelver  20:11, 18 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Please expand the lead to conform with guidelines at Lead. The article should have an appropriate number of paragraphs as is shown on WP:LEAD, and should adequately summarize the article.[?]
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Pimp C
Pimp C from UGK first originated "Country Rap"... I found it pretty weird to hear that it came from somewhere else when he had been boasting that style since '92... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.40.250.78 (talk) 20:19, 6 September 2014 (UTC)

Travis Shredd
Do the somewhat earlier Travis Shredd and the Good Ol' Homeboys merit mention here, perhaps as a precursor? - Jmabel | Talk 20:25, 29 July 2017 (UTC)

"Countrycore" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Countrycore&redirect=no Countrycore] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. FMSky (talk) 01:02, 2 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Country rap


text:
Union for the Principality

The Union for the Principality (Union pour la Principauté, or UP) was a centrist political party in Monaco. It was part of the center-right coalition Horizon Monaco, which won 50.34% of the popular vote, and 20 out of 24 seats in the National Council at the 2013 general election.

title: Union for the Principality


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Good Sam Club

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was: keep. sjorford →•← 13:26, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Good Sam Club
Delete Vanity and self promotion drini ☎ 20:58, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. An RV owners' association; the name in quotes gets me 65,000 google hits, and their website claims over a million members. Meelar (talk) 21:00, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. They're a huge association. --Scimitar 21:16, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Meelar. My grandparents were members from back in the 1960s, and it was well known (perhaps even better known) back then.  -- Un  focused  21:19, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Noteworthy association. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 21:37, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable organization. I had no idea they were that big, or were exclusive to RV owners. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  21:45, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's a very large, very well-known association.  The article needs serious work, though. --Carnildo 23:21, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Well-known RVing group.  RickK 23:23, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy to Sam Spade :) Keep Radiant_* 09:03, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Bimbo

Self promotion?
The paragraphs on Alicia Amira and "BimboTok" feel like self-promotion. The people mentioned, including Amira, don't have especially large followings, and I suspect they are less relevant than portrayed. Many of the links are YouTube. It is very easy to make a statement on social media that you are starting a movement but my feeling is more evidence is needed that these movements and people are significant. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Krombopulos11 (talk • contribs) 23:22, 6 March 2023 (UTC)

 * I agree with parts of your first sentence. And whilst this shall not be interpreted as support for an atmosphere of tyrannical arrogance or a regnancy of pressures from the parasitic fallacies of (blind) religiousness, this platform may to be prone to such lobbying.
 * 1. The statement of being "(...) the woman most responsible for popularizing the idea of reclaiming hyper-femininity" is referenced as stemming from this article. Aside from there appearing to be little to no critical examination of the invasive and artificial nature of their disfigurement, in the interview section of the article, the author seems to refer to themself as part of this supposed movement when they ask: "Until we get to full acceptance (...) what still needs to change? (...)". Therefore, this article may need to be regarded as an advertisement.
 * 2. This is reinforced by the following statement by the supposed movement's founder:
 * "It's the same reason why so many countries and governments refuse to accept the sex industry (...) as equals. It's a fear of letting people think for themselves. Letting people choose for themselves would mean not everything you've been told about the sex industry is true. It would mean that women who are happy in the sex industry aren't a myth. If it was accepted to work in the sex industry, it would mean that more women would seek that line of work (...) and that (...) scares people."
 * There does not seem to be any critical examination of this argumental contortion whatsoever. While negative views on pornography and prostitution probably include generalisations, what is not mentioned is the weight of the fundamental criticisms against the aforementioned. In their cores, pornography and prostitution both represent forms of exploitation. It represents an exploitation and speaks of a lack of respect for oneself to instrumentalise one's own intimacy for its tendentially consequential biological ability to induce sexual arousal. The harvesting of individuals, most if not all of whom are facing loneliness(es) and who long for affection and intimacy, represents an exploitation as well, and speaks of a disregard for others. Instead of taking serious their challenging situation and reminding them that they can work on and contribute to aspects about what is referred to as relationships, while it would also be necessary to honestly acknowledge that various complexities in this regard may be encountered, even raising questions about whether romantic relationships sometimes represent human respectively societal constructs, they are instead offered sexual encounters and or recordings in exchange for money or comparable assets of supposed value. And in most cases, and despite pathetic attempts to make them seem meaningful and personal, they tend to be of a miserable hollowness. As little to nothing was built together over time and as there is little to no interest in each other as persons, a charade lacking in depth is what it represents. And that is putting it mildly.
 * 3. The statement fashionably claiming that "The bimbo movement is an internationally recognized women's rights movement consisting of hundreds of thousands of self-proclaimed bimbos working to end stigma." is referenced as stemming from this video. The video comes across as promotional, all while the channel seems to engage in sensationalist, tabloid content in order to generate a hallmark of capitalist respectively commercialised divesture, namely advertisement revenue.
 * lmaxmai 24 March 2023 (UTC)

Disambiguous
I don't know where to add this, but "Bimbo" is also a Hispanic bread manufacturer (http://www.bimbo.com/). Estrellador* 20:58, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I deleted this from the main article page: Himbo is also a flavored drink in Switzerland, named after the "Himbo-Top" plant, whose berries give it a distinctive flavor and bright red color. See http://www.saison.ch/de/DesktopDefault.aspx/tabid-23/100_read-12794/  For all uses of bimbo that do not relate to the present page topic, you may want to add them to Bimbo (disambiguation). -- Jreferee 17:02, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

 * It seems to be correct that there is no relationship between the here discussed term and the mentioned brand name's original intention, according to the company itself, but is your unilateral deletion of their attempted contribution not somewhat questionable as well? And might the example in your countering argument not be a little bit further removed from the subject here? Actually, no, as it was not an argument but a quote! An error of mine. In regards to the aspect of not the berry's but the resulting drink's colour, nevertheless, here's a little curiosity. In the current form of this brand's product, although natural raspberry aroma for some reason seems to be included at the end of the colourants section, available under "Produktspezifikationen", the colour mainly seems to be a result of the two preceding ingredients, namely caramel coloring and "Azorubin". In the current form of another product, "Anthocyanine" and "carminic acid" are stated to be responsible for the colour. And whilst the first one originates from vegetables and could be seen as sufficient, the latter absurdly is harvested from Dactylopius coccus.
 * lmaxmai 24 March 2023 (UTC)

The word "bimbo"
It must have been in use in the early 20th century, based on the lyrics of this song from 1921, apparently written by Grant Clarke

http://www.turtleserviceslimited.org/mylittlebimbo.htm

The bit about "Italian language words of male gender" should be explained or deleted. Ghosts&empties 10:42, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I have tried to clarify Plch 18:39, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The detailed definition makes it clear that there are two meanings- unintelligent being the original and main definition, sexual promiscuity the more recent secondary meaning. But the introduction refers only to sexual promiscuity. This isn't correct, surely.  Isn't it still the case that the word means an unintelligent person, primarily female - rather than a sexually promiscuous one?  The latter characteristics often follows on from the first!203.184.41.226 (talk) 21:53, 10 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Yeah, the article says 21st century, but it then goes on to explain its use in the 20th, with that full meaning of a dumb blonde stereotype, so... That should probably just say 20th. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:449:4581:6920:4D88:C005:2522:C5F8 (talk) 08:04, 22 December 2023 (UTC)

Original use of "bimbo"
According to http://local.aaca.org/bntc/slang/slang.htm the word "bimbo" originally meant "a tough guy" in the 1920s.Adamc55 01:38, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I saw that too. As the Italian origin suggests, it surely must have originally been a term referring to guys.  This is where we need to enlist the help of older men and women who can give us first-hand accountings of what these terms meant in different eras and locales.  -- Blueguy 65.0.209.185 (talk) 13:16, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't think the hypothesis of Italian origin is compatible with the current meaning. Bimbo = bambino means a little child in Italian, not a tough guy or a blonde girl with low IQ. Lebatsnok (talk) 11:27, 6 May 2016 (UTC)

The word Bimbo or Bimbom was once used to refer to a person like the popular European clowns and satirists Bim Bom who are best known for being assassinated on stage by a Bolshevik officer while joking about Bolsheviks dressed up as a Bolshevik clown. This gave rise to two interpretations of the word. One as a strong man of conviction who never flinched or wavered in his opinion even in the face of death or the ignorant fool who didn't know to shut up even when it would get him killed. The later was the most promulgated view promoted by the Russian propagandists of the revolution.

This could explain the reference to your girlfriend at the social event that gets you fired because she doesn't understand when to shut up or many other injections of Bimbo in modern culture.

Bim Bom may very well chosen his clown names from Italian derogatory terms or obscenity. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.91.11.212 (talk) 07:17, 10 November 2011 (UTC)

When Mobsters referred to ignorant dangerous girlfriends that got their mod boyfriends arrested for talking too much, they were referring to the the clown Bimbom getting himself killed by not keeping quiet. Scottprovost (talk) 07:32, 10 November 2011 (UTC)

The movie Russian Revolution in Color depicts Bimbon getting assassinated. Scottprovost (talk) 07:37, 10 November 2011 (UTC)

--Bimbo is also Japanese for 'poor'. It might have arrived in the US lexicon via merchant sailors that visited Japanese ports and encountered 'working ladies' trying to make money, which would support the pejorative nature of the word when applied to women. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.163.0.44 (talk) 22:57, 31 December 2013 (UTC)

Polari?
I've removed the reference to Polari. Is there any evidence that the use of "bimbo" in English comes from Polari and not just Italian? It doesn't seem likely, considering the above reference and the large number of native Italian speakers in the U.S. in the early 20th C.--Pharos 09:05, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Expansion
This article needs to get expanded. Does anyone have any ideas to make this article longer? --71.118.77.23 23:49, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Who deleted the pics? 68.50.146.22 20:47, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

In German
... "Bimbo" is a very rude word for a black person. Does this have a place here? Absurdistani (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 10:26, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

 * A word for a black person: I agree;
 * "a very rude word for a black person": That depends.
 * Originally, it was a word that came from Africa, in the relatively short era of German colonization, which ended 1918 with WW I. Maybe it is an artificial word, like "massa" (which comes from an incorrect pronunciation of "master"); but I guess it is an original word from an African language, like "simba" (as in Simbabwe), meaning lion. "Bimbo" was a word for an African, brought from Africa, uttered by German colonists in an attitude of racial arrogance.
 * But for us young students in the Germany of the 1970ies, that was only an image of times long gone by, like a Turkish serail in which a sultan kept his harem; there was a bit of ashamedness for past centuries in it, but mostly it was kind of folkloristic. The word was mostly used in the connection "Bimbo-Fête", a party arranged by African students at the campus area or in student houses where students from all nations lived, with loud African music and feverish dancing, which the guys loved, and meeting white girls and dancing with them and dragging them into their beds, which they loved even more. So when we met in the group kitchen, there was no problem asking with a grin: "Hey Youssou, I heard your friends are going to make a bimbo-fête next weekend?": it was not meant hostile, though a bit teasing, but no more than when we called out: "Sabine, stop torturing that cat or we will call the police!" when our colleague Sabine was practicing to play the violin behind her closed appartment door. It was not at all PC; but you, too, have fun watching Al Bundy, don't you? And Youssou and the other black guys understood the way it was meant, grinned back, and did't mind. Such were things at our university; and I do think it was the same elsewhere.
 * So to cut a long story short: Meanings of words can change; and so did this one. Don't see things too stereotypically! - Wolfram from Germany

this is great —Preceding unsigned comment added by Menat22 (talk • contribs) 21:58, 15 December 2008 (UTC)

I know the meaning of "Bimbo" in German not only as a black person. Maybe this is just in Switzerland or just in the Region I grew up. Here a Bimbo is basically a slave. Not a strong word either, just a little joke or a sarcastic comment. It can be used for any skin color or gender but mostly refers to a younger, unexperienced and often innocent and overly friendly person who can not yet tell when others are just using him/her. For example a 16 year old apprentice can be sent to a store to buy things, therefore he is a Bimbo (Swiss-German word would also be Gang-Go, whch can be translated in English with go-do). Or for example when asking somebody to carry something unneccessarily heavy, the answer often is "I'm not your Bimbo". In relation to the original comment by Absurdistani, most likely the meaning of "slave" came from the time when black people (the Bimbos) actually were regarded as slaves. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.62.128.4 (talk) 21:05, 16 August 2011 (UTC) The IP is right. Here in Germany bimbo has 2 meanings. 1st a black african person 2nd someone who does everything for someone without getting something for it -> kinda slave-like. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.78.183.47 (talk) 17:21, 29 July 2013 (UTC)

 * In german, the word 'Bimbo' is equivalent to the anglo-american notion of the word 'Nigger'. It is considered to be very rude - and there are only a few truly rude words of non-sexual origin - even when uttered amongst Whites. I've heard it only once on the telly and then solely in a satirical context ("Obama has to be considered firstly as a Bimbo!" Serdar Somuncu, 2009 'ein demagogischer Blindentest').

When used in conversation, it refers mainly to negroes living in Africa still or those individuals, who are superficially thought of as newly arrived or still able to fit in their clicheed land of origin (by which I mean: in usage by uneducated simpletons, who assume it insults more as nigger would do). A.f.a.i.k, this ill-defined field of significance goes back to the second world war (german wiki once mentioned a journalist of jewish-american origin, who reported the use of the word in 1944 in context to black GI's). I've never heard it in contextual proximity to 'slave' or 'servant' - that would be 'Neger' (which is also a not uncommon german surname). The dumb&blond&sexy-connotation thus has no bearing in german culture - which makes it sometimes rather funny, when encountering the widespread Bimbo-notion abroad. "What? Bimbo??? She's a sexy blond female - not a male from the black continent!" --77.188.33.200 (talk) 21:21, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

Word not known in Britain in 1927
I have no idea whether this is should be incorporated into the article, but in Bimbo we have a rare example of a word being used precisely because it has no known meaning. The reference is from one of A.P. Herbert's 'Misleading Cases': Uncommon Law, Trott v Tulip: Is 'Highbrow' Libellous, 8, pp42-52. ... one man might say to another, 'You are a Bimbo', or 'You look like a Togg', without offence; for these expressions, though presumably hostile in intention, have no known significance, discourteous or otherwise. This would originally have been published in Punch but I cannot find a record of the date. However in a postscript to the Uncommon Law chapter above, the author states "This case was heard in 1927", and it certainly is no later than that as it appears in Misleading Cases in the Common Law published by Methuen in 1927.--Zipperdeedoodah (talk) 20:49, 12 September 2009 (UTC)

Merge suggestion Bimbo + Dumb blonde

 * oppose - almost no overlap. Diffferent term history, different content, etc. Wikipedia is not paper; noi need to put all eggs in one basket. - Altenmann >t 16:59, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

 * oppose - almost no comparitive overlapping. Diffferent thought process for each. Dumb Blond is mostly considered in positive light, or at least 'cute', including dumb blond jokes. Bimbo implies a negative, usually limited to sexual content. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.25.104.8 (talk) 15:47, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above. Also, I rewrote a bit and moved dumb blonde into blonde stereotype, per its talk page. Twri (talk) 18:12, 30 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose for the reasons mentioned by Altenmann. --Acluke (talk) 02:32, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

Article References
I'll try and improve this article over the next few days. The links below will eventually be incorperated into the article as information and references. Feel free to add! --Acluke (talk) 02:32, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1288045/Why-bimbos-like-late-Anna-Nicole-Smith-cleverer-seem.html?ito=feeds-newsxml

Bimbofication
The following was removed due to lack of reliable sources. If you find such a source, please reinclude it. Thanks!

Bimbofication ''The term "Bimbofication" or "Bimboization" is used to refer to the process of a person acquring the physical or mental traits that are typically associated with a bimbo. This can refer to a person's consious decision or through a percieved change in their actions and personality. Bimbofication can also refer to going through surgery in order to atain traits often associated with the stereotypical bimbo, regardless of their intent, such as "breast enlargement". '' Acluke (talk) 06:06, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

It’s true Scotty Field (talk) 09:08, 26 January 2020 (UTC)

Can confirm this is true Charliegreen1 (talk) 02:44, 24 April 2021 (UTC)

Notable Bimbos
If anyone can think of any fictional or real-life bimbos, preferably with references to them being referred to as such, please feel free to add them to the popular culture/notable bimbos section. Thanks! Acluke (talk) 00:19, 24 June 2010 (UTC)

Inaccurate to say not pejorative
I intend to change this sentence from the opening: “The term itself is not explicitly negative, but can be used as a derogative insult towards a woman.”

The notion that the term “bimbo” is not pejorative is absurd. As the article explains the word refers to a person who attractive yet stupid. It has never been a compliment, or a “neutral” to call someone stupid.

In recent years some younger people have taken to using the word ironically, especially when referring to themselves, similarly as has been done with the words like “bitch,” “slut,” etc. This Feminist subversion of words that denigrate behavior by females that traditionally goes uncriticized in males may be a cheeky slap at cultural stereotypes and outmoded gender roles, but it does not amount to a reclassification of a word is still a pejorative and used as such in standard speech.

Indeed such ironic use rarely results in shedding of original meaning. For instance “fag” and “nigger” have long been used in this manner, but no one would suggest that they are “not explicitly negative.” That someone would say such a thing in this case is itself a matter of gender bias.TheCormac (talk) 21:14, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

Laverne and Shirley
This show should be mentioned for it's common usage of the word "bimbo" and the running gag of Laverne getting angry to the point of attempting violence at being called one.

Split?
Surely this article is a candidate for http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CONSPLIT#Content_split? I would think this page should deal with the "attractive but unintelligent..." and some of the other uses (e.g. Nigerian name) should be moved to the disambiguation page? Not sure how to start a vote though, I'm afraid. --81.23.54.142 (talk) 18:24, 29 July 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Definition for the WP:Lead sentence
As seen here, here and here, IP 93.36.190.141 has repeatedly violated WP:Undue weight by having the lead sentence state that "bimbo" means child. That meaning is not the common definition of the word and does not belong as the first sentence. The History section covers origins of the term already.

Thoughts? I'll alert WP:WikiProject Languages, WP:Women and WP:Women's History to the matter for discussion. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 15:52, 4 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Referring to WP:Undue weight is misleading: if these informations were really undued, they would have not been in the article. Yet, they are. My change is not as significant as you point it out to be, making the edit war you started pretty pointless. Substantially, i only added one and a half sentence: . I will quote myself from my message you have deleted without any real reason ( not even answering me, not even lettin me know you were going to start this discussion by the way), reverting a passage that, whatever your opinions are on the matter, is indeed correct and consistent with both the subject and the article. It's not a matter of historical perspective to talk firstly about the meaning of the italian world "bimbo", it's a matter of context perspective. It is logical that first you briefly explain the term, then you talk about a local use of it in a single english country: this explain its origin, original meaning, current meaning outside the US and only then why it is used with such a meaning in american english. This is not the wikipedia of the US, but an english version of wikipedia, which should not be localistic: it should not be written from the pov of americans but in an international perspective. Therefore it only makes sense to first say what the term means and where it comes from and only then how it is used locally in a single english nation, especially considering that the US is not the only english speaking nation in the world and that in other english speaking countries this term is not used, while instead english people commonly have contacts with italian tourists/workers/migrants, which are everywhere in english speaking countries, using "bimbo" in its current italian meaning. My change doesn't change that much, but it puts informations in a logical flow. As of now, the lead of the article state the term originated in 1919 as a term for unintellingent male, which is basically false, as the term is a many century-old and still used italian world which was simply adapted in the second half of XXth century as an american slang. That is the context i provided and you take away, letting tha article say things that are not true. 93.36.190.141 (talk) 17:04, 4 July 2018 (UTC)

 * I was asked to come here by 93.36 as a neutral party. I would request that the edit warring stop and that this be worked out on this page. In looking at the above posts, I think you each have some good points and I hope that you are able to resolve this.  It is true that the lead is only meant to summarize the article content that follows and does not need to contain every detail.  It is also true that WP:UNDUE isn't just about the article as a whole, but about parts(like the lead) as well. Not everything in the article needs to be in the lead.  Furthermore, it is true that the article should reflect the fact that it will be read by anyone who knows English and not just Americans(where this term is used most).  I don't know how to balance these points, but I believe that constructive discussion should take place here.  I see that relevant WikiProjects have been notified, some other opinions might be helpful here, of those more knowledgeable in this subject area than myself. 331dot (talk) 22:04, 4 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Yes, yes, IP, we all know that you went to 331dot and Bagumba to inaccurately complain, as seen here and here. I'm a woman, by the way. 331dot has stated what I would have stated about WP:Undue. WP:Undue applies to the lead and placement of text as well. You are giving WP:Undue weight to a definition that is not the most common definition of the term. A simple Google search shows that the term is first and foremost usually defined as a disparaging term for a man (outdated) or a woman, as seen with this Merriam-Webster source and this Dictionary.com source. They also speak of "Italian bimbo baby" as possibly being the origin of the term. But like the Wikipedia article notes with sources, terms evolve. "Bimbo" is more so associated with attractive but dumb women these days. Despite what you've stated on my talk page, this is not a U.S. thing. It's a common definition thing. "Bitch" originally meant "female dog," and is still sometimes used that way, but that is not the most common definition of the term now. "Gay" originally meant "carefree" or "happy," but that is not the most common definition of the term now. You even used "now" in the lead of the Bimbo article (twice). In both of the Bitch and Gay articles, we begin with the most common definition, and note original definitions later (although the Bitch article does begin with "literally meaning a female dog" before immediately following up with "is a pejorative slang word for a person—usually a woman"). Similar should be done with this article, per WP:Due and WP:Principle of least astonishment. I'm not debating this matter with you any further. If no one else weighs in, or we don't get enough opinions for a consensus, I will simply start an RfC. And as for not letting you know I'd be starting this discussion, I told you when reverting you that I would be taking the matter to the talk page. I meant "article talk page." Certainly not mine or yours. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 07:54, 5 July 2018 (UTC)

Madonna?
"In 2017, "The Bimbo Movement" was founded by self-proclaimed bimbo and adult star Alicia Amira" Is she really the most emblematic woman reclaiming the word "bimbo"? Madonna was doing it way earlier, referring herself to as a "bimbo" who is in charge of her sexuality. 80.98.191.91 (talk) 09:13, 23 October 2022 (UTC)

Off-topic original research
The so-called "Popular culture" section has been deleted as containing nothing but original research, often wide of the topic. It should not be reinstated without discussion here. Sweetpool50 (talk) 20:52, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bimbo


text:
National Union for the Future of Monaco

The National Union for the Future of Monaco (Union nationale pour l'Avenir de Monaco) was a centrist political party in Monaco. It ran as a part of the Union Monégasque list.

In 2013, National Union for the future of Monaco and Union of Monegasques formed a political group Union Monégasque. In the 2013 legislative elections, as a member of the Union Monégasque, the alliance won 38.99% of the popular vote and 3 out of 24 seats.

In the 2018 legislative elections, Union Monégasque won 16.2 percent of the vote and 1 seat.

In the 2023 legislative elections, Union Monégasque ran as a part of Monegasque National Union list.

title: National Union for the Future of Monaco


text:
Parcoblatta fulvescens

Parcoblatta fulvescens, the fulvous wood cockroach, is a species of cockroach endemic to the United States and possibly Canada that measures around 0.5 in long.

Description
The male Parcoblatta fulvescens is relatively slender, has long tegmina (outer forewings), and is slightly longer than the female. It is a mostly uniform pale brownish-yellow, with sometimes darker pronotum (the plate behind the head) and legs, and usually dark brown cerci (the pair of appendages on its rear-most segment). Its pronotum is subelliptical (nearly elliptical), is widest just behind its middle, and has weakly defined disc-like impressions.

The female head and pronotum are usually a pale reddish-brown, its short tegmina are reddish brown with paler sides, its abdominal segments are a darker brown, and its legs and underside are a brownish yellow.

The species' ootheca (egg case) is bean-shaped, very dark brown, and measures about 8.5 mm long by 3.8 mm wide. The edge with a seam is curved and has about 40 small crimps or folds. It is similar to the ootheca of P. virginica, but is larger and has slightly narrower spacing of vertical divisions.

Two differently colored forms of the species were regularly collected in Kansas: a dark, olive gray to brown variety from Riley County, Kansas, and a light, golden brown to tan variety from the slopes of the Flint Hills pastures near Manhattan, Kansas.

Similar species
The species was treated by one source in 1910 as a southern variety of Parcoblatta uhleriana, termed P. uhleriana fulvescens, as the males of the two species look very similar. Among their differences are that P. fulvescens has a pale face, longer pronotum with less distinct disc-like impressions, narrower tegmina, and different characteristics in its cerci and its anal styles (two threadlike processes on the terminal segment of the abdomen). In addition, pre-1917 Arizona records of uhleriana and uhleriana fuvescens refer to Parcoblatta notha.

Female specimens of P. fulvescens can be confused with P. virginica and P. lata. Females of P. virginica are on average smaller and less robust, less often have wide coloration differences, normally have a supra-anal plate with straight lateral edges that converge in a more acute apex, have a less convex caudal (rear) edge of the sixth dorsal abdominal segment, and have fewer proximal spines of the cephalic femora. Females of P. lata are much larger and more robust, with a more transverse pronotum.

Distribution
The distribution of the species includes Ontario, Canada, and the eastern United States, including Alabama, Arkansas, the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and Texas. It is not clear if the species is native or adventive in Canada.

Habitat
The species has been found in heavy, barrier-beach forest, in pine-barrens undergrowth (both typical or heavy and grassy), on the borders of pine barrens, on swamp edges, in heavy deciduous forest, and in heavy oak woods. In Florida it has been found in mesic hammock, xeric hammock, scrub, and sand hill habitats.

Individuals may be found under dead leaves, pine needles (particularly beneath shortleaf pine), logs, beneath loose bark, or wandering at night.

title: Parcoblatta fulvescens


text:
Rally for the Monegasque Family

Rally for the Monegasque Family (French: Rassemblement pour la Famille Monégasque), also known as Promotion of the Monegasque Family (French: Promotion de la Famille Monégasque) was a Royalist political party in the Principality of Monaco. Founded in 1998, as Rally for the Monegasque Family (RFM), and led by Jacques Rit, RFM joined the centrist coalition Union for Monaco (UM) in 2003. However, RFM and UM severed ties preceding the 2008 parliamentary elections, and RFM formed a center-right coalition Monaco Together (ME). Rit later joined Horizon Monaco in the 2013 Monegasque general election.

title: Rally for the Monegasque Family


text: Category:Operas by Igor Stravinsky

title: Category:Operas by Igor Stravinsky


text:
1973 New Brunswick electoral redistribution

The 1973 New Brunswick electoral redistribution was the most radical redistribution of electoral districts in the history of New Brunswick, Canada. Under this redistribution, New Brunswick changed from a mixture of multi-member districts and single-member districts to a scheme of only single-member districts, from bloc voting electoral system to first past the post.

As the number of members per district had been re-evaluated as recently as 1967, the number of members was not changed, and multi-member districts were simply subdivided to form single-member districts.

Prior to the redistribution, New Brunswick had had the longest and deepest experience of multi-member districts of any province in Canada. The Block voting system in use though denied voters the proportional representation that they might otherwise have enjoyed.

List of electoral districts
(each district returns one member)

 * Albert
 * Bathurst
 * Bay du Vin
 * Campbellton
 * Caraquet
 * Carleton Centre
 * Carleton North
 * Carleton South
 * Charlotte Centre
 * Charlotte-Fundy
 * Charlotte West
 * Chatham
 * Dalhousie
 * East Saint John
 * Edmundston
 * Fredericton North
 * Fredericton South
 * Grand Falls
 * Kent Centre
 * Kent North
 * Kent South
 * Kings Centre
 * Kings East
 * Kings West
 * Madawaska Centre
 * Madawaska-les-Lacs
 * Madawaska South
 * Memramcook
 * Miramichi Bay
 * Miramichi-Newcastle
 * Moncton East
 * Moncton North
 * Moncton West
 * Nepisiguit-Chaleur
 * Nigadoo-Chaleur
 * Oromocto
 * Petitcodiac
 * Queens North
 * Queens South
 * Restigouche East
 * Restigouche West
 * Riverview
 * Saint John-Fundy
 * Saint John Harbour
 * Saint John North
 * Saint John Park
 * Saint John South
 * Saint John West
 * St. Stephen-Milltown
 * Shediac
 * Shippagan-les-Îles
 * Southwest Miramichi
 * Sunbury
 * Tantramar
 * Tracadie
 * Victoria-Tobique
 * York North
 * York South


text:
Talk:IHUM

How long has IHUM been around?

title: Talk:IHUM


text:
Russi Taylor

Russi Taylor (May 4, 1944 – July 26, 2019) was an American voice actress. She was best remembered for voicing the character of Minnie Mouse in English from 1986 to 2019, and was married to voice actor Wayne Allwine, the voice of Mickey Mouse, until his death on May 18, 2009. She was the longest-tenured voice actress to voice the character, having held the role for 33 years. She also provided the voices of several characters in The Simpsons.

Early life
Russi Taylor was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on May 4, 1944.

Career
Taylor began her voice-over career in the mid-1970s. Her first voice-over role was the voice of Ted and Georgette's baby on The Mary Tyler Moore Show. Taylor became the voice of Minnie Mouse in 1986, and continued to voice the character for 33 years until her death in 2019. She also voiced Huey, Dewey, and Louie and Webby Vanderquack in the television series DuckTales and in other appearances. Taylor provided the voices of numerous characters in the animated series The Simpsons, including fourth-grade nerd Martin Prince, purple-haired twins Sherri and Terri, and German exchange student Üter. After her death, The Simpsons producers hired Grey DeLisle to succeed her.

She voiced Pebbles Flintstone in The Flintstone Comedy Show for Hanna-Barbera in 1980. Taylor was also the original voice of Strawberry Shortcake and the voice of Baby Gonzo in Muppet Babies, Nova in Twinkle, the Dream Being, Pac-Baby in the television series Pac-Man, the high-pitched Nurses that were mice in The Rescuers Down Under, Melissa in the Pound Puppies episode Garbage Night: The Musical, Queen Rosedust in My Little Pony and her last non-Disney role was Birdie the Early Bird in McDonaldland commercials. She was also the voice of Drizella and the Fairy Godmother in the Cinderella sequels, Cinderella II: Dreams Come True and Cinderella III: A Twist in Time.

Personal life
Taylor was married to Wayne Allwine, the third voice of Mickey Mouse, from 1991 up until his death in 2009. In 2008, a year before Allwine's death, they were both named Disney Legends.

Death
Taylor died from colon cancer on July 26, 2019, at her home in Glendale, California, at the age of 75. She is now interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park next to Allwine's grave.

title: Russi Taylor


text:
User:Atanamir/cutted

Cutted is the past tense of the word 'cut'.

title: User:Atanamir/cutted


text:
Great Northeast Athletic Conference

The Great Northeast Athletic Conference (GNAC) is an intercollegiate athletic conference which competes in the Division III ranks of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

Chronological timeline

 * 1995 – In 1995, the Great Northeast Athletic Conference (GNAC) was founded. Charter members included the following: On men's sports and women's sports, Albertus Magnus College, Daniel Webster College, Emerson College, Endicott College, Johnson & Wales University, Rhode Island Campus and Rivier College (now Rivier University); on women's sports only, Emmanuel College, Pine Manor College, the University of Saint Joseph, Simmons College (now Simmons University) and Suffolk University, all beginning the 1995–96 academic year.
 * 1998 – Norwich University, Southern Vermont College and Western New England College (now Western New England University) joined the GNAC in the 1998–99 academic year.
 * 1998 – Suffolk's men's sports joined the GNAC in the 1998–99 academic year.
 * 1999 – Endicott left the GNAC to join the Commonwealth Coast Conference (CCC) after the 1998–99 academic year.
 * 2001 – Emmanuel (Mass.) added men's sports in its athletic program to join the GNAC in the 2001–02 academic year.
 * 2007 – Western New England left the GNAC to join the CCC after the 2006–07 academic year.
 * 2007 – Lasell College (now Lasell University) and Mount Ida College and Saint Joseph's College of Maine joined the GNAC in the 2007–08 academic year.
 * 2008 – Daniel Webster and Southern Vermont left the GNAC to join the New England Collegiate Conference (NECC) after the 2007–08 academic year.
 * 2008 – Four institutions joined the GNAC as associate members: Rhode Island College and the University of Southern Maine for men's golf, and Elms College and Husson University for men's and women's swimming & diving, all effective in the 2008–09 academic year.
 * 2011 – Anna Maria College joined the GNAC in the 2011–12 academic year.
 * 2011 – Wentworth Institute of Technology (Wentworth Tech) joined the GNAC as an associate member for men's volleyball in the 2012 spring season (2011–12 academic year).
 * 2012 – Pine Manor left the GNAC to join the Great South Athletic Conference (GSAC) after the 2011–12 academic year.
 * 2012 – The University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth (UMass–Dartmouth) joined the GNAC as an associate member for men's golf in the 2013 spring season (2012–13 academic year).
 * 2013 – Emerson left the GNAC to join the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC) after the 2012–13 academic year.
 * 2017 – Regis College joined the GNAC in the 2017–18 academic year.
 * 2018 – Mount Ida left the GNAC due to the school announcing that it would close after the 2017–18 academic year.
 * 2018 – Colby–Sawyer College joined the GNAC in the 2018–19 academic year.
 * 2018 – Eastern Nazarene College joined the GNAC as an associate member for men's tennis in the 2019 spring season (2018–19 academic year).
 * 2018 – Saint Joseph (Conn.) added men's sports in its athletic program to join the GNAC in the 2018–19 academic year.
 * 2020 – Eastern Nazarene left the GNAC as an associate member for men's tennis after the 2020 spring season (2019–20 academic year).
 * 2020 – Dean College joined the GNAC in the 2020–21 academic year.
 * 2021 – Elms had upgraded to join the GNAC for all sports in the 2021–22 academic year.
 * 2021 – The University of New England joined the GNAC as an associate member for women's swimming & diving in the 2021–22 academic year.
 * 2022 – New England (Me.) left the GNAC as an associate member for women's swimming & diving after the 2021–22 academic year.
 * 2023 – Mitchell College and New England College joined the GNAC in the 2023–24 academic year.
 * 2024 – Johnson & Wales (RI) will leave the GNAC to will join the Commonwealth Coast Conference (CCC), beginning the 2024–25 academic year.
 * 2024 – Anna Maria will leave the GNAC to join the Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference (MASCAC), beginning the 2025–26 academic year..

Current members
The GNAC currently has fifteen full members, all are private schools:

 * Notes:

Associate members
The GNAC currently has five associate members, all but two are private schools:

Former members
The GNAC had nine former full members, all were private schools:

 * Notes:

Former associate members
The GNAC had two former associate members, which were also private schools:

title: Great Northeast Athletic Conference


text: Category:Operas by Philip Glass

title: Category:Operas by Philip Glass


text:
Talk:The Gaurdian

Is this a joke? Like the link for the Grauniad? --Henrygb 21:01, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Gaurdian


text: Category:Minimalist operas

title: Category:Minimalist operas


text:
User talk:Masterfrymeat

Why did you put (decreased) behind Shiranui Genma's age on the Naruto characters page? --JadziaLover 21:02, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I'm sorry, I didn't understand your e-mail. I don't speak Chinese. Could you please tell me in English? --JadziaLover 21:49, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Genma survived that attack. --JadziaLover 07:01, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Masterfrymeat


text:
Brown Act

The Ralph M. Brown Act is a California law that guarantees the public's right to attend and participate in meetings of local legislative bodies. Located at California Government Code 54950 et seq., it is an act of the California State Legislature, authored by Assemblymember Ralph M. Brown and passed in 1953.

The Brown Act was enacted in response to mounting public concerns over informal, undisclosed meetings held by local elected officials. City councils, county boards, and other local government bodies were avoiding public scrutiny by holding secret "workshops" and "study sessions." The Brown Act applies to “local agencies,” meaning a county, city, whether general law or chartered, city and county, town, school district, municipal corporation, district, political subdivision, or any board, commission or agency thereof, or other local public agency. The Act has been interpreted to apply to email communication as well, leading to restrictions on the number of parties that can be copied on electronic messages. The comparable Bagley-Keene Act mandates open meetings for State government agencies.

History
In 1952, the San Francisco Chronicle published a 10-part article series titled “Your Secret Government”, where reporter Mike Harris revealed that local agencies were frequently holding secret meetings or caucuses, even though state law had long required that business should be done in public. Harris went on to draft a new state open meeting law together with Richard (Bud) Carpenter, legal counsel for the League of California Cities, and Assembly Member Ralph M. Brown agreed to carry the bill, which was signed into law by Governor Earl Warren in 1953. Notably, increased public notice requirements also increased local agency classified advertising spending. Public meeting notice spending was preferential for morning newspapers such as the Chronicle, which was in a bitter rivalry with the late William Randolph Hearst's San Francisco Examiner, an evening newspaper.

The introduction to the Brown Act describes its purpose and intent:

"In enacting this chapter, the Legislature finds and declares that the public commissions, boards and councils and the other public agencies in this State exist to aid in the conduct of the people's business. It is the intent of the law that their actions be taken openly and that their deliberations be conducted openly. The people of this State do not yield their sovereignty to the agencies which serve them. The people, in delegating authority, do not give their public servants the right to decide what is good for the people to know and what is not good for them to know. The people insist on remaining informed so that they may retain control over the instruments they have created."

The Sacramento Bee said of the act in 1952:

"A law to prohibit secret meetings of official bodies, save under the most exceptional circumstances, should not be necessary. Public officers above all other persons should be imbued with the truth that their business is the public's business and they should be the last to tolerate any attempt to keep the people from being fully informed as to what is going on in official agencies. Unfortunately, however, that is not always the case. Instances are many in which officials have contrived, deliberately and shamefully, to operate in a vacuum of secrecy."

Criticisms
Supporters of the Brown Act say it still lacks enforcement (and has never had a successful prosecution), contending the law has been eroded by court decisions and government officials' efforts to block access to records. "The unfulfilled promise, I'm afraid, that 50 years has revealed, is enforcement," commented Terry Francke, of the California First Amendment Coalition, on the 50th anniversary of the bill's passage in 2003.

Brown Act sections

 * Title and definitions
 * Adjourned or continued meetings
 * Closed sessions
 * Documents at meetings are public
 * Emergency situations
 * Electronic communications
 * Public is not required to provide their name or any information
 * No action or discussion shall be undertaken on any item not on the agenda
 * Notice of meetings
 * Open meetings
 * Penalty to deprive the public of information
 * Public comment
 * Public criticism allowed
 * Right to recording proceedings
 * Reports of closed session actions
 * Special meetings
 * Taxes
 * Time limits for public testimony
 * When it does apply
 * When it does not apply
 * Willfully interrupting a meeting

title: Brown Act


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hunt for the Decimator

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - should be merged - SimonP 15:24, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Hunt for the Decimator
Unencyclopedic article detailing a specific mission of a non-notable game. Fangz 21:03, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The game has an encyclopedia article, so it might be notable. This mission, on the other hand, isnt. Delete. --Scimitar 21:18, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Possibly merge with Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds. the wub (talk) 08:20, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds. JamesBurns 11:32, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.