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Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior

The Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior, more commonly known as the Lockheed 12 or L-12, is an eight-seat, six-passenger all-metal twin-engine transport aircraft of the late 1930s designed for use by small airlines, companies, and wealthy private individuals. A smaller version of the Lockheed Model 10 Electra, the Lockheed 12 was not popular as an airliner but was widely used as a corporate and government transport. Several were also used for testing new aviation technologies.

Design and development
After Lockheed had introduced its 10-passenger Model 10 Electra, the company decided to develop a smaller version which would be better suited as a "feeder airliner" or a corporate executive transport. At the same time, the U.S. Bureau of Air Commerce had also sensed the need for a small feeder airliner and announced a design competition for one. In order for a candidate to qualify for the competition, a prototype had to fly by June 30, 1936.

Lockheed based its candidate, which it named the Model 12 Electra Junior, around a scaled down Electra. It would carry only six passengers and two pilots but would use the same 450 hp Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior SB radial engines as the main Electra version, the 10A. This made it faster than the Electra, with a top speed of 225 mph at 5000 ft. Like the Electra, the Model 12 had an all-metal structure, trailing-edge wing flaps, low-drag NACA engine cowlings, and two-bladed controllable-pitch propellers (later changed to constant-speed propellers). It also had the Electra's twin tail fins and rudders, which were becoming a Lockheed trademark. The landing gear was a conventional tail-dragger arrangement, with the main wheels retracting backwards into the engine nacelles; as was often the case with retractable gear of the period, the wheel bottoms were left exposed in case a wheels-up emergency landing was necessary, or the pilot simply forgot to deploy his novel landing gear.

As in the Electra and the Boeing 247, the Model 12's main wing spar passed through the passenger cabin; small steps were placed on either side of the spar to ease passenger movement. The cabin had a lavatory in the rear. Although the standard cabin layout was for six passengers, Lockheed also offered roomier, more luxurious layouts for corporate or private owners.

The new transport had its first flight on June 27, 1936, three days before the competition deadline, at 12:12 PM local time, a time deliberately chosen for the Model 12's number. As it turned out, the other two competition entries, the Beechcraft Model 18 and the Barkley-Grow T8P-1, weren't ready in time for the deadline, so Lockheed won by default. The "Electra Junior" name did not catch on in the way that the original Electra's name had. Most users simply referred to the aircraft by its model number, as the Lockheed 12.

The original Lockheed 12 version, with Wasp Junior engines, was the Model 12A. Almost every Lockheed 12 built was a 12A or derived from the 12A. There was also a Model 12B, using 440 hp Wright R-975-E3 Whirlwind radials, but only two of this model were built. Although Lockheed had also announced a Model 12F, powered by Wright R-760 Whirlwind seven-cylinder radials, and a Model 12M, powered by 290 hp Menasco six-cylinder inline engines, neither of these versions reached production.

Operational history
Even though the Lockheed 12 had won the government's feeder airliner competition, most of the airlines rejected it, and very few Lockheed 12s were used as airliners. One notable airline user was the newly renamed Continental Air Lines, which had a fleet of three Lockheed 12s that ran on its route between Denver, Colorado, and El Paso, Texas, in the late 1930s. Another was British West Indian Airways Ltd., which flew the Lockheed 12 on Caribbean routes in the Lesser Antilles during the mid-1940s.

The Lockheed 12 proved much more popular as a transport for company executives or government officials. Oil and steel companies were among the major users. A number were purchased as military staff transports by the United States Army Air Corps, which designated the type as the C-40, and by the United States Navy, which used the designation JO, or in one peculiar case, R3O-2. With the arrival of World War II, many civilian Lockheed 12s were requisitioned by the U.S. Army and Navy, Britain's Royal Air Force, and the Royal Canadian Air Force.

Two civil Lockheed 12s ordered by British Airways Ltd. were actually intended for covert military reconnaissance flights. Sidney Cotton modified these aircraft for aerial photography and in civilian guise, overflew and surreptitiously photographed many German and Italian military installations during the months preceding World War II. One of these G-AFTL has recently been returned to flight in the UK with its most recent display being at IWM Duxford Flying Days: The Americans on 28th July 2023.

The main military user of the Lockheed 12 was the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force, which bought 36. Sixteen of these were the Model 212, a version created by Lockheed for training bomber crews, which had a .303 in caliber machine gun in an unpowered, partly retractable gun turret on top of the fuselage, a second .303-caliber machine gun fixed in the nose, and bomb racks under the wing center section that could hold eight 100 lb bombs. The other 20 aircraft were transport versions.

Several Lockheed 12s were used as technology testbeds. The U.S. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) bought two, adding a center vertical fin to each of them to test stability improvements. One of the NACA Lockheed 12s was used to test "hot-wing" deicing technology, in which hot exhaust air from the engines was ducted through the wing's leading edge to prevent ice accumulation.

Three other Lockheed 12s were used to test tricycle landing gear. These had their normal landing gear replaced by a non-retracting version with a large nosewheel and with the main wheels shifted further back on the engine nacelles. (The tailwheel from the normal conventional gear was retained. ) The gear was non-retractable because there wasn't room within the structure to stow it in retracted position. Streamlined fairings were placed on the gear to reduce drag. One of the tricycle gear Lockheed 12s went to the U.S. Navy as the XJO-3 and performed carrier landing tests on the USS Lexington (CV-2) to study the suitability of a twin-engined tricycle-gear aircraft for carrier operations. Another went to the U.S. Army as the C-40B, and still another was retained by Lockheed for its own testing; both of these were eventually converted back to the normal landing gear configuration.

Milo Burcham flew a Lockheed 12A in the 1937 Bendix Trophy Race from Burbank, California to Cleveland, Ohio. This 12A had extra fuel tanks in the cabin, allowing it to save time by making the entire 2043 mi trip non-stop. The 12A came in fifth at an average speed of 184 mph; this was an impressive performance, since the first and fourth-place winners were both privately owned Seversky P-35 fighters.

Another Lockheed 12A, owned by Republic Oil Company and named The Texan, was modified by aviator Jimmie Mattern for a round-the-world flight attempt. Mattern filled the 12A's cabin with fuel tanks and removed the cabin windows and door; the crew would enter the aircraft via a cockpit hatch. The aircraft was denied a U.S. permit for the flight following the Earhart incident, but was then pressed into action in September 1937 in a long range search effort for Sigizmund Levanevsky, who crashed somewhere between the North pole and Barrow, Alaska. "The Texan" was outfitted as a luxury transport afterward, and lost in a hangar fire in January 1938.

Lockheed built a total of 130 Lockheed 12s, ending production in 1941. With the arrival of World War II, Lockheed concentrated its production efforts on more advanced military aircraft, such as the Hudson bomber and the P-38 Lightning twin-engined fighter. The Lockheed 12's market was left to the Beechcraft Model 18, thousands of which would eventually be produced.

A number of Lockheed 12s have survived to the present day, mostly in private hands. Several of these are still flying.

Civil models

 * Model 12A
 * Powered by two 450 hp Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior SB radial engines. 70 built.

 * Model 12B
 * Like 12A, but powered by two 440 hp Wright R-975-E3 Whirlwind radial engines. This was a normal civil model, but the only two built (serial numbers 1228 and 1249) went to the Argentine Army.

 * Model 12-25
 * Last two civilian Model 12's produced (serial numbers 1293 and 1294), same as 12A but with Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior SB3 engines.

Military models
All of these were based on the Model 12A and used the same engines.
 * C-40
 * U.S. Army Air Corps five-passenger transport; prototype (serial 1247) converted from company owned 12A, two others built, redesignated UC-40 in January 1943.

 * C-40A
 * U.S. Army Air Corps transport with mixed passenger/cargo interior; 10 built, plus one converted from C-40B, redesignated UC-40A in January 1943.

 * C-40B
 * U.S. Army Air Corps testbed for testing fixed tricycle landing gear; one built, converted to a normal C-40A in 1940.

 * C-40D
 * Eleven civil Model 12As impressed by the U.S. Army Air Forces in 1942, with standard six-passenger interior. Redesignated UC-40D in January 1943.

 * JO-1
 * U.S. Navy five-passenger transport; one built.

 * JO-2
 * U.S. Navy and Marine Corps six-passenger transport; five built.

 * XJO-3
 * U.S. Navy testbed with fixed tricycle gear, used for carrier landing tests and airborne radar trials; one built.

 * R3O-2
 * One civil Model 12A impressed by the U.S. Navy in 1941. (This was an anomalous designation, since the Navy had already used R3O for the Model 10 Electra.)

 * Model 212
 * Bomber trainer with bomb racks and gun turret atop aft fuselage; prototype (serial 1243, reserialed 212-13) converted from company owned 12A, 16 others built, one prototype and 16 for the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force.

 * Model 12-26
 * Military transport version of the Model 212; 20 built for the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force.

Civilian

 * Aeronorte
 * Aerovias Brasil
 * Associated Airlines (Australia)
 * British West Indian Airways Ltd.
 * Aeronautical Research and Sales Corporation of London (a front for the espionage of Sidney Cotton) One of its aircraft G-AFTL was returned to flight in the UK in 2023
 * Continental Air Lines (formerly Varney Air Transport)
 * Mercer Airlines (Burbank, CA)
 * Cruzeiro do Sul
 * National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)
 * Panair do Brasil
 * Canadian Department of Transport
 * Brazilian Ministry of Aeronautics
 * Santa Maria Airlines

Military

 * 🇦🇷 Argentina
 * Argentine Army
 * Brazilian Air Force
 * 🇨🇦 Canada
 * Royal Canadian Air Force
 * Indonesian Air Force
 * Royal Netherlands Air Force
 * Dutch East Indies
 * Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force
 * 🇿🇦 South Africa
 * South African Air Force
 * Royal Air Force
 * United States Army Air Corps/United States Army Air Forces
 * United States Marine Corps
 * United States Navy
 * Royal Air Force
 * United States Army Air Corps/United States Army Air Forces
 * United States Marine Corps
 * United States Navy
 * United States Marine Corps
 * United States Navy

Flightworthy Survivors and Aircraft on Display

 * A Model 12A (Canadian registration CF-CCT, Lockheed construction number 1219) is on display at the Canada Aviation Museum in Ottawa, Ontario. This aircraft was operated by Canada's Department of Transport from 1937 until 1963 and surveyed the route of the Trans-Canada Airway. In 1937 it made the first same-day flight from Montreal, Quebec to Vancouver, British Columbia, making five stops en route.
 * A former U.S. Army Air Corps C-40A (U.S. Army serial number 38-540, U.S. civil registration N93R, Lockheed construction number 1257) has been on display at the Yanks Air Museum in Chino, California but crashed just after take off from Chino Airport on June 15, 2024 and was destroyed.
 * A Royal Netherlands Air Force Lockheed 12A c/n 1306 is on static display at the Soesterberg Nationaal Militair Museum in Soesterberg, Netherlands
 * A former Royal Netherlands Air Force Lockheed 12-26 c/n 1313 is on static display at Arlanda Flygsamlingar, near Stockholm-Arlanda airport. Swedish airline Airtaco acquired the aircraft in 1953 for newspaper freights. Registration SE-BXU was reserved but was never accepted into the registry. Donated to Arlanda Flygsamlingar in 1990.
 * An Indonesian Air Force Lockheed 12A registration number T-303 is on static display at Suryadarma Air Force Base in Subang Regency, Indonesia
 * Former British Airways Ltd G-AFTL has been returned to flight in 2023 and is now flown on the UK display circuit.
 * A former USAAC/RAF lend lease 12a once owned by Sidney Cotton's company Aeronautical and Industrial Research Corporation (G-AGWN) is undergoing static restoration in Parkes, New South Wales, Australia by HARS Parkes Aviation Museum.

Notable appearances in media
A Lockheed 12 appeared as the French airliner in the climactic final scene from the 1942 film Casablanca. (The aircraft carries the Air France seahorse logo, although Air France did not actually operate the type 12A). A "cut-out" stood in for a real Lockheed 12 in many shots. No real aircraft appeared in the movie. Half and quarter scale models were used instead.

Lockheed 12s have also appeared in movies as stand-ins for the Electra 10E used by Amelia Earhart in her round-the-world flight attempt. Two played this role in the NBC 1976 TV miniseries Amelia Earhart, and another did so in the 2009 movie Amelia.

title: Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior


text: Category:Education in Papua New Guinea

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Education in Papua New Guinea


text:
User:Partsuf

Partsuf (hebrew transliteration,for "face") - is my nick on the internet. I think the word face is most suitable for internet nickname because it seems to be very personal, yet it retains your complete anonymity. By the way, the use of word not in its direct meaning (face - anatomical part of the head) is sometimes called metaphor. In this particular context I use the word face to describe an entire person, meaning me.

title: User:Partsuf


text:
Russian Wikipedia

The Russian Wikipedia (Русская Википедия) is the Russian-language edition of Wikipedia. As of July 2024, it has articles. It was started on 11 May 2001. In October 2015, it became the sixth-largest Wikipedia by the number of articles. It has the sixth-largest number of edits. In June 2020, it was the world's sixth most visited language Wikipedia (after the English, the Japanese, the Spanish, the German and the French Wikipedias).

It is the largest Wikipedia written in any Slavic language, surpassing its nearest rival, the Polish Wikipedia, by 20% in terms of the number of articles and fivefold by the parameter of depth. In addition, the Russian Wikipedia is the largest Wikipedia written in Cyrillic or in a script other than the Latin script. In April 2016, the project had 3,377 active editors who made at least five contributions in that month, ranking third behind the English and Spanish versions. As of 2023, it is the most popular Wikipedia in many post-Soviet states, including Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan, and the second most popular in others.

Since the early 2010s, the Russian Wikipedia and its contributing editors have experienced numerous and increasing threats of nationwide blocks and country-wide enforcement of blacklisting by the Russian government, as well as several attempts at Internet censorship, propaganda, and disinformation,   more recently during the 2014 Russo-Ukrainian war in the Donbas region  and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Policies
Difficult issues are resolved through the Arbitration Committee, which handles content disputes, blocks users or prohibits certain users from editing articles on certain topics.

Administrators (currently ) are elected through a vote; a minimum quorum of 30 voters and 66% of support votes are required if the request is to be considered successful. Administrators who have become inactive (i.e. have not used administrative tools, such as "delete" or "block" buttons, at least 25 times in six months) may lose their privileges by an Arbitration Committee decision.

Content
As of 1 June 2012, some of the biggest categories (which contain more than 5,000 articles) in the Russian Wikipedia are:
 * 176,411 biographical articles. Although the Western name order (given name(s) followed by family name) is generally used in Russian, the Russian Wikipedia uses lexical order (last name, comma, given name(s) and also the patronymic for most people from ex-Soviet countries) for all articles on non-fictional persons. This order has been traditionally used in major Russian-language encyclopedias, like the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
 * 144,322 human settlements articles.
 * 28,187 river articles
 * 19,302 film articles
 * 16,925 animal articles
 * 16,517 scientific articles
 * 16,133 surname articles
 * 13,936 footballers' articles
 * 11,247 Musicians' articles
 * 10,755 Writers' articles
 * 9,243 album articles
 * 9,237 articles on recipients of the Order of Lenin
 * 7,307 Company's articles
 * 6,734 plant articles
 * 6,574 street articles
 * 6,265 NGC astronomical articles
 * 6,157 actors articles
 * 5,719 artist articles
 * 5,580 music group articles
 * 5,292 Hero of the Soviet Union articles

10,340 articles contain material from the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. More than 47,000 articles were translated from the English Wikipedia.

Namespaces
In addition to common Wikipedia namespaces, the Russian Wikipedia has three custom ones: "Incubator" (# 102–103) – which is used as a training camp for new users and their first articles, "Project" (# 104–105) – for Wikipedia projects and "Arbitration" (# 106–107) – for arbitration requests.

User pages
On user pages, users are able to see their outreach, the cumulative view count of pages they have edited.

Reception
In 2015, Roman Leibov, a professor at the University of Tartu, in an interview opined that articles related to humanities in the Russian Wikipedia are of considerably inferior quality compared to English Wikipedia, and some articles even deteriorate with time. He suggested that this effect is due to overzealous policing of intellectual property rights by the community and bemoaned poor editing skills of some Wikipedians.

In 2022, the San Francisco Examiner praised the Russian Wikipedia for "filling the information vacuum" while "independent media abandon Russia or are censored" during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. For the safety of Wikipedians, all editors' names in the page about the Russian invasion in Ukraine are routinely erased.

Timeline

 * The main page was created on 7 November 2002.
 * On 30 December 2004, the 10,000th article was created.
 * On 23 December 2005, the 50,000th article was created.
 * On 16 August 2006, the 100,000th article was created.
 * On 29 November 2006, the Russian Wikipedia received the National Runet Award in the Educational section.
 * On 10 March 2007, the 150,000th article was created.
 * On 4 September 2007, the 200,000th article was created.
 * On 27 November 2007, the Russian Wikipedia received the National Runet Award in the Educational section.
 * On 17 March 2008, the 250,000th article was created.
 * On 18 July 2008, the 300,000th article was created.
 * On 22 January 2009, the 350,000th article was created.
 * On 16 June 2009, the 400,000th article was created.
 * On 25 November 2009, the Russian Wikipedia received the National Runet Award in the Science and Education section.
 * On 25 February 2010, the 500,000th article was created.
 * On 8 October 2010, the 600,000th article was created.
 * On 12 April 2011, the 700,000th article was created.
 * On 10 December 2011, the 800,000th article was created.
 * On 8 September 2012, the 900,000th article was created.
 * On 11 May 2013, the 1,000,000th article was created.
 * On 27 March 2014, the 1,100,000th article was created.
 * On 19 March 2015, the 1,200,000th article was created.
 * On 29 March 2016, the 1,300,000th article was created.
 * On 14 June 2017, the 1,400,000th article was created.
 * On 1 October 2018, the 1,500,000th article was created.
 * On 26 February 2020, the 1,600,000th article was created.
 * On 17 February 2021, the 1,700,000th article was created.
 * On 4 March 2022, the 1,800,000th article was created.

Early years

The Russian Wikipedia was created on 20 May 2001 in the first wave of non-English Wikipedias, along with editions in Catalan, Chinese, Dutch, German, Esperanto, French, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish.

The first edit of the Russian Wikipedia was on 24 May 2001, and consisted of the line "Россия – великая страна" ("Russia is a great nation"). The following edit changed it to the joke: "Россия – родина слонов (ушастых, повышенной проходимости – см. мамонт)" ("Russia is the motherland of elephants (big-eared, improved cross-country capability, see Mammoth.")

For a long time development was slow (especially after some participants left for WikiZnanie), but in the 12-month period between February 2005 and February 2006 it surpassed nine editions in other languages – the Catalan, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Hebrew, Finnish, Norwegian, Chinese, Esperanto, and Danish Wikipedias. In 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010 the Russian Wikipedia won the "Science and education" category of the "Runet Prize" (Премия Рунета) award, supervised by the Russian government agency FAPMC.

Troubles with the Russian government

On 10 July 2012, Russian Wikipedia closed access to its content for 24 hours in protest against proposed amendments to Russia's Information Act (Bill No. 89417-6) regulating the accessibility of Internet-based information to children. Among other things, the bill stipulates the creation and country-wide enforcement of blacklists, which would block access to forbidden sites. Several aspects of this amendment drew criticism from various civil rights activists and Internet providers.

Supporters of the amendment stated that it is aimed only at widely prohibited content such as child pornography and similar information, but the Russian Wikimedia chapter has declared that conditions for determining the content falling under this law will create a thing like the "great Chinese firewall". They further claimed that existing Russian legal practice demonstrates a high likelihood of a worst-case scenario, resulting in a country-wide ban of Wikipedia. The second and the third readings of the law were held in the State Duma on 11 July; no essential corrections were introduced. The law will come into force after three readings in the State Duma, one reading in the Federation Council and presidential approval.

On 10 July, Nikolai Nikiforov, Russian Minister for Telecommunications and Mass Media announced in his Twitter account, that the organization of the List of the prohibited websites (that was sited on the Law Project No. 89417-6) will be suspended until 1 November 2012. On the same day Yelena Mizulina, a Duma deputy and the head of the subcommittee which sponsored the law, said that the blackout is an attempt to blackmail the Duma and was sponsored by the "pedophile lobby".

Also, since 2012, Russian foreign agent law resulted in reduced funding available for the Russian Wikipedia and its volunteers, who no longer can receive financial aid from abroad, including their share of funds raised through global Wikipedia fundraisers.

On 5 April 2013, it was confirmed by a spokesperson for the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media that Wikipedia had been blacklisted over the article "Курение каннабиса" ("Cannabis smoking") on Russian Wikipedia. On 31 March 2013, The New York Times reported that Russia was 'Selectively Blocking [the] Internet', though Wikipedia itself was not blocked at that time.

Articles on Russian Wikipedia, and also on other Wikipedia versions, concerning the shoot down of flight MH17 and the 2014 Russo-Ukrainian war in the Donbas region have been targeted by Internet propaganda outlets associated with the Putin-led Russian government. Some of the edits were spotted by a Twitter bot which monitors Wikipedia edits made from Russian government IP addresses.

The entire Russian Wikipedia was blocked in the Russian Federation for a few hours in August 2015 due to the contents of the article on charas.

In November 2019, Russian president Vladimir Putin called for a government-run alternative to Wikipedia. The Guardian reported state funds had already been allocated according to official documents published the previous September. The new electronic alternative was intended to be based on the Great Russian Encyclopedia. According to the London Times, the proposal had been abandoned by mid-May 2020, however, according to Great Russian Encyclopedia employee Yekaterina Chukovskaya, only the working group was disbanded and work on the project as a whole will continue.

In December 2023, the Russian Wikimedia chapter voted unanimously to dissolve itself after its director had been warned by authorities that he would be designated a "foreign agent". He also stated that he was forced to resign from the university where he worked.

2022 fork
In June 2022, Runiversalis, a pro-government partial fork of the Russian Wikipedia, was launched. The site launched with only 9000 articles, a tiny subset of the 1.85 million articles on the Russian Wikipedia, with many articles being taken unmodified from the Russian Wikipedia.

Censorship and disinformation during the Russo-Ukrainian War
In February and March 2022, in the first week following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and breakout of the Russo-Ukrainian War, Russian Wikipedia editors warned their readers and fellow editors of several, reiterated attempts by the Putin-led Russian government of political censorship, Internet propaganda, disinformation attacks, and disruptive editing towards an article listing of Russian military casualties as well as Ukrainian civilians and children due to the ongoing war. The Wikipedia was generally considered under threat in Russia.

On 1 March 2022, Roskomnadzor, the Russian agency for monitoring and censoring mass media, wrote to the Wikimedia Foundation requesting for removal of the article "Вторжение России на Украину (с 2022)" ("2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine").

On 11 March 2022, Belarusian political police GUBOPiK arrested and detained Mark Bernstein from Minsk, an editor of the Russian Wikipedia, who was contributing to the Wikipedia article about the Russian invasion of Ukraine. GUBOPiK accused him of the "spread of anti-Russian materials" and of violating Russian "fake news" laws.

On 1 November 2022, a Russian court levied a fine 2 million rubles on the Wikimedia Foundation, for declining to delete two articles on Russian Wikipedia. On 28 February 2023, the Wikimedia Foundation was fined another 2 million rubles after accusations of refusal to delete what the court called "misinformation". On 14 April 2023, a similar fine of 2 million rubles was imposed over an article on the Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast.

Calls to block access to Wikipedia have been made by various Russian political actors since the beginning of the invasion. In particular, Valery Fadeyev and Igor Ashmanov, members of the Presidential Council for Civil Society and Human Rights, called on 4 April 2023 to block the access because of "systemic bias".

2023 fork
On 24 May 2023, long-time Wikimedia Russia director Vladimir V. Medeyko announced "Рувики" ("Ruviki"), a fork of Russian Wikipedia.

Impact of policies on content
In 2021, historian Maksym Potapenko and Doctor of Political Science Mateusz Kamionka conducted a study on editing the texts of articles about Crimea since its annexation by Russia. The researchers noted the difference in terminology between the Wikipedia articles in Russian, where in 2021 the military operation of the Russian Federation in Crimea in early 2014 was called "the annexation of Crimea to Russia", and in Ukrainian, where the events were described as "annexation". In articles on the history of Crimea in Ukrainian, it is described as an ethno-historical region of Europe, Russian-language articles describe it as the imperial and Soviet heritage of Russia.

According to the researchers, this is due to the difference in the political media narrative of both countries, as the Wikipedia editions preferred sources in their own language, as well as the difference in Ukrainian and Russian historiography, which has been growing since 2014. The researchers note that the content of the articles in the Ukrainian and Russian versions is significantly influenced by the current political situation and the war between Russia and Ukraine. "The use of history as a means to substantiate and legitimize territorial claims" is increasing, and the use of history as a tool in Wikipedia undermines the principle of neutrality, one of Wikipedia's basic principles. As researchers noted in 2021. After 2014, articles on the history of Crimea in Ukrainian Wikipedia became more independent and original in terms of sources, while articles in Russian, due to a greater number of views, had a greater impact on the audience.

title: Russian Wikipedia


text:
Ljubo Ćesić Rojs

Ljubo Ćesić (born 20 February 1958), best known by his nickname Rojs, is a retired Croatian army general and politician.

Military service
A native Herzegovinian Croat, Ćesić moved to Zagreb in 1984, where he got a job as a bus driver. He came into public spotlight during the 1990s and Yugoslav Wars (Croatian War of Independence and Bosnian War) as commander of the 66th Engineering Regiment of the Croatian Army. His unit built mountain roads on the border between the two countries, which ultimately allowed Croatian Army to outflank the Serb Krajina and Bosnian Serb forces during and after Operation Storm in August 1995. For his exploits, Ćesić was promoted to the rank of general.

His critics often point out the fact that before the war, he was a bus driver, becoming the official driver of Croatia's defence minister Gojko Šušak in 1991, after which he was given military command despite lack of formal qualification.

Post-war
His post-war activities included the use of his unit for civilian contracts and the alleged breach of labour and other laws did not prevent Ćesić from rising through the ranks of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) political party.

Political activities
In the early 2000s, while a member of Croatian Parliament, Ćesić gradually began distancing himself from Ivo Sanader and the new centrist course of HDZ. He nevertheless formally remained in the party, while keeping himself in public spotlight with a series of statements that were as colorful as they were controversial. One example was his public offer to George W. Bush to volunteer in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. One of his controversial public episodes was an altercation and alleged physical attack on a fellow parliament member Dino Debeljuh in 2001, which resulted in Ljubo Ćesić's removal from that day's parliament session.

In the 2005 presidential election he ran as an independent candidate. During the campaign he claimed to be in contact with the general Ante Gotovina, at the time a fugitive wanted on war crimes charges, which prompted a police inquiry. Ćesić eventually finished 6th in the first round with 1.85% of the votes cast. Ćesić has since left HDZ and is currently a member of Only Croatia – Movement for Croatia.

After his political career he started appearing in numerous comedy shows on Croatian television such as Robert Knjaz's Mjenjačnica, in which two or more celebrities exchange lives with each other for a brief period of time. In the episode where he appeared, his companion was Croatia's most famous and controversial stylist Neven Ciganović.

In 2023, Rojs was expelled from the Croatian Generals Association following an open letter in which he, along with 11 others, questioned the Association's decision to meet with the Generals Society of BiH.

title: Ljubo Ćesić Rojs


text:
Première Ligue

The Première Ligue (French pronunciation: ; sponsor name Arkema Première Ligue) is a professional women's association football league at the highest level of the French football league system, and is run by the Ligue féminine de football professionnel (LFFP). Its annual competition features twelve teams playing two series of round-robin matches from September to June, to determine the four participants of a single-elimination tournament. The winners of the tournament are crowned champions of France, and contest the Trophée des Championnes match the following season. At the end of each season, the top three teams qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League, while the bottom two teams are relegated to the Seconde Ligue.

The Première Ligue is the latest iteration of a competition founded in 1975 by the French Football Federation (FFF) as the amateur Division 1 Féminine. Professionalism was introduced for the first time in the 2009–10 season. The competition was ranked the best women's league in Europe according to UEFA 2019–20 women's association club coefficients. Olympique Lyonnais have won the league the most times (17), and also hold the record for consecutive wins (14).

History
The first women's association football league in France was founded in 1918 by the Fédération des Sociétés Féminines Sportives de France (FSFSF), a women's football organization in France that was led by women's football pioneer Alice Milliat. The league lasted for twelve seasons before disbanding due to the prohibition of women's football. In 1975, women's football was officially re-instated and a new league, the Division 1 Féminine, was established by the governing body of football in France, the French Football Federation. Professionalism was introduced in 2009–10 season and female football players in France began signing professional contracts with their clubs at the same season, the most notable of which is Olympique Lyonnais.

In July 2022, it was announced that the Division 1 Féminine will feature in the FIFA 23 video game.

From 2024–25 season, D1 Feminine change name to Première Ligue.

Competition format
There are 12 clubs in the Première Ligue. During the course of a season, usually from September to June, each club plays the others twice, once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 22 games, though clubs are allowed to host "big" matches at the home venues of their male counterparts, such as when Paris Saint-Germain hosted Juvisy at the Parc des Princes during the 2009–10 season. The female leagues, until the 2016–17 season, were run similarly to the men's amateur leagues in France with teams receiving four points for a win and two points for a draw. one point was awarded for a loss however, the league now adopts the 3-1-0 system. the Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned champion. If points are equal, the goal difference and then goals scored determine the winner. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. The two lowest placed teams are relegated to the Division 2 Féminine and the winners of the two groups in D2 Féminine are promoted in their place.

Between the years 2001–2004, the league adopted a playoff system. The top four clubs in the league table were inserted into a playoff table following the completion of the season with the winner being crowned champions. From 1974 to 1992, the league consisted of several groups with the winners of each group entering a playoff phase to determine the champion.

European qualification
Until the 2019–2020 edition, only the top two teams in the Division 1 Féminine qualify for the round of 32 of the UEFA Women's Champions League.

Since the 2020–2021 edition, as determined by the UEFA women's coefficient, the winner of the Division 1 directly qualifies for the group stage of the UEFA Women's Champions League, whereas the second team qualifies for the second round and the third team qualifies for the first round. As of today, the winner of the Coupe de France féminine, the female equivalent of the Coupe de France, does not qualify for European competition.

Starting with the 2021–22 edition, as determined by the UEFA women's coefficient, the top three teams will qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League.

Top scorers
Included in the table below is a list of the top scorers of each season, starting from the 2001–02 season. Information for previous seasons unavailable.

Awards
In addition to the winner's trophy and the individual winner's medal players receive, the National Union of Professional Footballers (UNFP) awards the UNFP Female Player of the Year award to the top female player of the league. The current winner of the award is German international and Lyon midfielder Dzsenifer Marozsán. Following the 2009–10 season, the French Football Federation, who oversee the league, also began awarding a Player of the Year trophy. The jury panel who decided the winner consists of the twelve managers in the D1 Féminine. The Division 1 Féminine Player of the Month award was added in 2020.

title: Première Ligue


text:
Ömer Asan

Ömer Asan (born May 28, 1961) is a Turkish folklorist, photographer and writer.

In 2002, he was charged with allegations that he violated Article 8 of Turkey's Anti-Terror Law by "propagandating separatism" for his book Pontos Kültürü. In 2003, Article 8 was abolished, and Asan was acquitted as a result.

His articles, stories and research studies have been published in Radikal, Sabah and Milliyet newspapers, Gezi, Yaşasın Edebiyat, Adam Öykü and Kafkasya Yazıları, Sky Life.

Asan was born in Trabzon, Turkey.

Publications

 * Pontos Kültürü (1996), in Turkish, ISBN 975-344-220-3
 * Hasan İzzettin Dinamo (2000), biography
 * Niko'nun kemençesi (2005), short stories

Awards

 * Abdi İpekçi, Peace and Friendship Award presented by Turkish-Greek Friendship Association for his article published in Milliyet newspaper.

title: Ömer Asan


text:
Talk:Candy / Molly's Lips

Untitled
Article has been kept following this VFD debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:56, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Great, great value! -JaneLame

Fair use rationale for Image:MollyLips.jpg
Image:MollyLips.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 00:01, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:MollyBrazil.jpg
Image:MollyBrazil.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 00:01, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

"Bleach" remaster
On the Bleach remaster, there is a live show recorded February 9, 1990 at Pine Street Theatre, the exact same place and date that this version of "Molly's Lips" was recorded. Should it be noted, then, that this live version is no longer exclusive to this single? Tubularbells1993 (talk) 15:15, 1 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Or rare, for that matter? Tubularbells1993 (talk) 15:39, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

Requested move 1 September 2018

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Moved as proposed. Not particularly controversial. bd2412 T 01:15, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

– Per WikiProject Albums/Album article style advice, "[f]or split albums of which there is no single official title, use the two artist names separated with two spaces and a forward slash, such as Isis / Pig Destroyer. ... If the split has two titles, one per side, use the same forward-slash formatting, such as Jihad / Freezing Moon." Articles from "Candy/Molly's Lips" to "Touch Me I'm Sick/Halloween" are Category:Split singles. Articles from "Achilles/Engineer" to "Zu/Iceburn" are Category:Split albums. I would appreciate help from an editor, who can use tools to move multiple articles at once. — bieχχ (talk) 16:32, 1 September 2018 (UTC) --Relisting. Dreamy Jazz 🎷 talk to me | my contributions 09:51, 9 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Candy/Molly's Lips → Candy / Molly's Lips
 * The Bruisers/Dropkick Murphys Split 7 inch → The Bruisers / Dropkick Murphys Split 7 inch
 * Bullet Theory/My Dying Day → Bullet Theory / My Dying Day
 * Cold Sweat/Maiden, Mother & Crone → Cold Sweat / Maiden, Mother & Crone
 * Crazy Crazy/Harajuku Iyahoi → Crazy Crazy / Harajuku Iyahoi
 * The Faint/Ex-Action Figures → The Faint / Ex-Action Figures
 * Fast Girl/Beware Wolf → Fast Girl / Beware Wolf
 * Fluorescent Grey/Oh, It's Such a Shame → Fluorescent Grey / Oh, It's Such a Shame
 * Here She Comes Now/Venus in Furs → Here She Comes Now / Venus in Furs
 * In the Beginning There Was Rhythm/Where There's a Will There's a Way → In the Beginning There Was Rhythm / Where There's a Will There's a Way
 * Naïve/The Days of Swine & Roses → Naïve / The Days of Swine & Roses
 * Puss/Oh, the Guilt → Puss / Oh, the Guilt
 * Sons of Alpha Centauri/A Death Cinematic → Sons of Alpha Centauri / A Death Cinematic
 * 'Till I Get My Way/Girl Is on My Mind → 'Till I Get My Way / Girl Is on My Mind
 * Touch Me I'm Sick/Halloween → Touch Me I'm Sick / Halloween
 * Achilles/Engineer → Achilles / Engineer
 * As I Lay Dying/American Tragedy → As I Lay Dying / American Tragedy
 * Constantines Play Young/Unintended Play Lightfoot → Constantines Play Young / Unintended Play Lightfoot
 * Ear Bitten/No Vowels, No Bowels → Ear Bitten / No Vowels, No Bowels
 * English Black Punk Metal/The Bones of This Land Are Not Speechless → English Black Punk Metal / The Bones of This Land Are Not Speechless
 * Faith/Void Split → Faith / Void Split
 * The Olivia Tremor Control/Black Swan Network → The Olivia Tremor Control / Black Swan Network
 * Palmless Prayer/Mass Murder Refrain → Palmless Prayer / Mass Murder Refrain
 * Rolo Tomassi/Cutting Pink with Knives Split → Rolo Tomassi / Cutting Pink with Knives Split
 * Sham Wedding/Hoax Funeral → Sham Wedding / Hoax Funeral
 * Xiu Xiu/The Dead Science split 7-inch → Xiu Xiu / The Dead Science split 7-inch
 * Zu/Dälek → Zu / Dälek
 * Zu/Iceburn → Zu / Iceburn

 * I didn't notice Category:Split EPs–it also contains articles which should be renamed in the same fashion. I didn't include Akron/Family & Angels of Light, because Akron/Family is the name of a band. — bieχχ (talk) 16:37, 1 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Comment While I don't have a stake in this and an opinion yet, I'd like to point out that WikiProject Albums/Album article style advice is not a guideline which has gained community consensus. I'm not sure if this conflicts with any other guideline and would appreciate if someone would point out if it does. --Gonnym (talk) 17:25, 1 September 2018 (UTC)
 * WP:TITLESLASH only says "Some topics have a slash in the name, and should be named accordingly". MOS:SLASH seems to support almost all of this proposal as it reads "A spaced slash may be used ... to separate items that include at least one internal space (the NY 31 east / NY 370 exit), where for some reason use of a slash is unavoidable". — bieχχ (talk) 17:48, 1 September 2018 (UTC)

 * WP:TITLESLASH supports titles that use slash. However, out of the first 10 articles I've checked, most had no sources, a couple had sources to things which don't even mention the joint single - these articles don't even have sources that support that they are commonly known as such (or even notable for an article, but that is a different issue). Fast Girl/Beware Wolf and Fluorescent Grey/Oh, It's Such a Shame do have 1-2 sources that confirm that they are called as such. Will wait to see if anyone else contributes to this. --Gonnym (talk) 06:45, 2 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Support per MOS:SLASH. Not a big deal, and I agree that spaces around the slash improve readability. Notability issues mentioned by Gonnym should be addressed separately – go ahead and WP:PROD what needs to be prodded. No such user (talk) 08:33, 6 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Support per nom, per MOS:SLASH. See other examples in Category:Split EPs. Paintspot Infez (talk) 20:40, 10 September 2018 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Candy / Molly's Lips


text:
Design for X

Design for excellence (DfX or DFX) is a term and abbreviation used interchangeably in the existing literature,  where the X in design for X is a variable which can have one of many possible values. In many fields (e.g., very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and nanoelectronics) X may represent several traits or features including: manufacturability, power, variability, cost, yield, or reliability. This gives rise to the terms design for manufacturability (DfM, DFM), design for inspection (DFI), design for variability (DfV), design for cost (DfC). Similarly, other disciplines may associate other traits, attributes, or objectives for X.

Under the label design for X, a wide set of specific design guidelines are summarized. Each design guideline addresses a given issue that is caused by, or affects the traits of, a product. The design guidelines usually propose an approach and corresponding methods that may help to generate and apply technical knowledge to control, improve, or even invent particular traits of a product. From a knowledge-based view, the design guideline represents an explicit form of knowledge, that contains information about knowing-how-to (see Procedural knowledge). However, two problems are prevalent. First, this explicit knowledge (i.e., the design guidelines) were transformed from a tacit form of knowledge (i.e., by experienced engineers, or other specialists). Thus, it is not granted that a freshman or someone who is outside the subject area will comprehend this generated explicit knowledge. This is because it still contains embedded fractions of knowledge or respectively include non-obvious assumptions, also called context-dependency (see e.g. Doz and Santos, 1997:16–18). Second, the traits of a product are likely to exceed the knowledge base of one human. There exists a wide range of specialized fields of engineering, and considering the whole life cycle of a product will require non-engineering expertise. For this purpose, examples of design guidelines are listed in the following.

Rules, guidelines, and methodologies along the product life cycle
DfX methodologies address different issues that may occur in one or more phase of a product life cycle: Each phase is explained with two dichotomous categories of tangible products to show differences in prioritizing design issues in certain product life cycle phases:
 * Development phase
 * Production phase
 * Use phase
 * Disposal phase
 * Consumer durables
 * Capital goods

Non-durables that are consumed physically when used, e.g. chocolate or lubricants, are not discussed. There also exist a wide range of other classifications because products are either (a) goods, (b) service, or (c) both (see OECD and Eurostat, 2005:48). Thus, one can also refer to whole product, augmented product, or extended product. Also the business unit strategy of a firm are ignored, even though it significantly influences priority-setting in design.

Development phase

 * Design rules
 * Basic rules of embodiment design: clarity, simplicity, safety (Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 205–236)
 * Organizational process
 * Design for short time to market (Bralla, 1996: 255–266)
 * System design, testing & validation
 * Design for reliability (Bralla, 1996: 165–181), Synonyms: reliability engineering (VDI4001-4010)
 * Design for test
 * Design for safety (Bralla, 1996: 195–210; VDI2244); Synonyms: safety engineering, safe-life design
 * Design for quality (Bralla, 1996: 149–164; VDI2247), Synonyms: quality engineering
 * Design against corrosion damage (Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 294–304)
 * Design for minimum risk (Pahl and Beitz, 1996:373–380)

Production-operations phase

 * Design rules
 * Design to cost (Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 467–494; VDI2234; VDI 2235), see Target costing, Value engineering
 * Design to standards (Pahl and Beitz, 1996:349–356), see Interchangeable parts, product modularity, product architecture, product platform
 * Design Guidelines
 * Design for assembly (Bralla, 1996: 127–136), (Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 340–349)
 * Design for inspection (Hitchens Carl (2014) Guide to Engineering Metrology)
 * Design for manufacturability (Bralla, 1996: 137–148), (Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 317–340)
 * Design for logistics, design for postponement (see Delayed differentiation)
 * Specific situations
 * Design for electronic assemblies (Bralla, 1996: 267–279)
 * Design for low-quantity production (Bralla, 1996: 280–288)

Design rules
Design to cost and design to standards serves cost reduction in production operations, or respectively supply chain operations. Except for luxury goods or brands (e.g., Swarovski crystals, Haute couture fashion, etc.), most goods, even exclusive products, rely on cost reduction, if these are mass produced. The same is valid for the functional production strategy of mass customization. Through engineering design physical interfaces between a) parts or components or assemblies of the product and b) the manufacturing equipment and the logistical material flow systems can be changed, and thus cost reducing effects in operating the latter may be achieved.

Design guidelines

 * Design for manufacturability ensures the fabrication of single parts or components that are based on an integral design in mechanical engineering terms. Every production technology has its own specific design guideline that needs to be consulted depending on the situation.
 * Design for assembly addresses the combination of single parts or components to subassemblies, assemblies, modules, systems, etc., that are based on a differential design in mechanical engineering terms. An important issue is how the embodied interfaces within a product are designed (mechanical engineering, electrical engineering). Contrary, software or respectively firmware interfaces (software engineering, electrical engineering) are not significant for assembly operations, because these can be easily flash installed within one production step. That is a cost efficient way to enable a wide range of product variants.
 * Design for logistics covers issues along supply chain partners (i.e., legally independent firms) but is by its means closely related to the design for assembly guidelines. In academic research, design for logistics is tangent to the strategic alliances, supply chain management, and the engineering part of new product development. For example, Sanchez and Mahoney (1996) argued that product modularity (i.e., how physical sub-systems of a product are sub-divided through interfaces; also called product or system architecture), and organizational modularity (i.e., how organisational entities are structured), depend on each other. Fixson et al. (2005) found that the relationship between product architecture and organisational structure is reciprocal in the contexts of early supplier involvement during system design and the concept phase of the product development process.

Use phase

 * User focused, see Product design, Industrial design
 * Design for user-friendliness (Bralla, 1996: 237–254), see Usability, Ben Shneiderman, Emotional Design
 * Design for ergonomics (Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 305–310)
 * Design for aesthetics (Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 311–316)
 * After-sales focused
 * Design for serviceability (Bralla, 1996: 182–194; Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 357–359),
 * Design for maintainability (Bralla, 1996: 182–194; Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 357–359; VDI2246),
 * Design for repair-reuse-recyclability, a key part of the International Design Excellence Awards criteria

Comparison: consumer durables vs. capital goods
User focused design guidelines may be associated with consumer durables, and after-sales focused design guidelines may be more important for capital goods. However, in case of capital goods design for ergonomics is needed to ensure clarity, simplicity, and safety between the human-machine interface. The intent is to avoid shop-accidents as well as to ensure efficient work flows. Also design for aesthetics has become more and more important for capital goods in recent years. In business-to-business (B2B) markets, capital goods are usually ordered, or respectively business transaction are initiated, at industrial trade fairs. The functional traits of capital goods in technical terms are assumed generally as fulfilled across all exhibiting competitors. Therefore, a purchaser may be subliminally influenced by the aesthetics of a capital good when it comes to a purchasing decision. For consumer durables the aspect of after sales highly depends on the business unit's strategy in terms of service offerings, therefore generally statements are not possible to formulate.

Disposal phase

 * Design for Environment (Bralla, 1996: 182–194), see also Life cycle assessment, Technology assessment, sustainable engineering, sustainable design
 * Design for recycling (Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 360–372), design for disassembly
 * Active disassembly
 * Remanufacturing
 * Recycling of electrical and electronical equipment – Disassembly and processing (VDI2343)
 * Recycling oriented product development (VDI 2243)

Similar concepts in product development
Several other concepts in product development and new product development are very closely related:
 * Engineering Design: Design for X
 * Time dimension: product life cycle, Product Life Cycle Engineering, product life cycle management (that is not the same like the product cycle in business studies and economics, see e.g. Vernon (1966)). Primarily, the unit of analysis here is a product, or more clearly, one item
 * Meso-level organisation: concurrent engineering (American), simultaneous engineering (British), and overlapping-parallel product development processes
 * Micro-level organisation: cross-functional teams, inter-disciplinary teams, etc.

Looking at all life stages of a product (product life cycle (engineering)) is essential for design for X, otherwise the X may be suboptimized, or make no sense. When asking what competencies are required for analysing situations that may occur along the life of a product, it becomes clear that several departmental functions are required. An historical assumption is that new product development is conducted in a departmental-stage process (that can be traced back to the classical theory of the firm, e.g. Max Weber's bureaucracy or Henri Fayol's administration principles), i.e., new product development activities are closely associated with certain department of a firm. At the start of the 1990s, the concept of concurrent engineering gained popularity to overcome dysfunctions of departmental stage processes. Concurrent engineering postulates that several departments must work closely together for certain new product development activities (see Clark and Fujimoto, 1991). The logical consequence was the emergence of the organisational mechanism of cross-functional teams. For example, Filippini et al. (2005) found evidence that overlapping product development processes only accelerate new product development projects if these are executed by a cross-functional team, vice versa.

title: Design for X


text:
Álvaro Caminha

Álvaro Caminha was appointed by King John II of Portugal in 1492 Captain-major (governor) – the third – of the Portuguese colony of São Tomé and Príncipe which had been discovered 22 years earlier.

He was a knight of the king's household. He was told to settle and "Christianize" the then-deserted island with his family and friars, and for that purpose was given the children of Spanish Jewish refugees from Granada, which had not been able to pay the tax requested by the king, and who were married to Black people from the Congo.

title: Álvaro Caminha


text:
Talk:Palm Springs, California

Pictures
No pictures!? Surely someone must have been at Palm Springs and taken photos of it. Ever since I read Generation X I've been wanting to see what it looks like.

abelson 13:59, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I have a few waiting to be uploaded. It looks like a standard California all-suburb-no-urb city, hard to get a distinctive image for it. Stan 16:43, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Ah, why didn't you say so? I work in Palm Springs. Downtown is quite unique as is the rather commanding view of Mount San Jacinto. Drop me a line with photo requests. - Lucky 6.9 7 July 2005 06:21 (UTC)

Check this
''The original inhabitants of Palm Springs were the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians. The Indians named the area "la palma de la mano de Dios", which means the palm of God's Hand.''

This looks like Spanish. According to the Cahuilla article, there are only a few Cahuillan speakers so I'm pretty sure they have their own language. Can some check this Kimun 05:08, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Right you are. I've rewritten the Founding section to be a bit more historically accurate. Details on the Agua Caliente band came from their casino weboage, http://www.aguacaliente.org/index.php?PID=CULTURAL.

The page you reference above was composed by ACBCI, who are a business entity. (The cultural arm of the tribe is the Agua Caliente Cultural Museum, who are the best source for accurate historical data.) As a result, the ACBCI page unfortunately contains a lot of inaccurate data. I have updated the Early History and Mid-Century sections with footnotes to substantiate all the data presented.

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!
 * http://www.thedeserthunter.com/
 * In Palm Springs, California on Sun Jul 16 21:24:57 2006, Socket Error: (-2, 'Name or service not known')
 * In Palm Springs, California on Mon Jul 17 17:26:26 2006, Socket Error: (-2, 'Name or service not known')
 * In Palm Springs, California on Thu Jul 27 01:13:26 2006, Socket Error: (-2, 'Name or service not known')

maru  (talk)  contribs 05:13, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Local Slang
Some comments and suggestions for the author of the section on Local Slang:

Desert rat. I wonder about both the meaning and the etymology given for the term "desert rat." It seems to me the term means simply a person who lives in the desert (in this case Palm Springs) and that it's more likely to have derived from the local kangaroo rat than from the 1960s Rat Pack .  It seems neither derogatory nor flattering.  I'd also question that it's used by more than one or two people, if that, to describe a badly dressed, overweight, unwashed man.  Given the scarcity of sustenance in the desert, it seems unlikely that being overweight would be one of the desert rat's salient characteristics.    --Rensselaerswick1637 16:08, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Response from author. Agreed this term is quite often used in a neutral sense, but just as often it is used in a negative light, locally at least. But agreed the fat-man example can be stripped out of the definition. It was more tongue-in-cheek than anything. But regarding "lack of sustenance" in the desert... are you kidding me? This is a metropolitan area, not Death Valley. --Kimchifan 00:15, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

You're right; I expressed myself badly in the "sustenance" comment. What I meant was that the kangaroo rat or desert rat -- the animal, not the person -- wouldn't be likely to be overweight since there's little to eat in the desert. I still think it's the animal rather than the Rat Pack that's the more likely source of the term used for people who live in the desert. Also, if "desert rat" means a full-time resident of the desert, as the Wikipedia entry says, then who is it who's using it negatively? Visitors to describe the locals? Or locals to (negatively) describe themselves? --Rensselaerswick1637 16:08, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

No, locals use it negatively to describe other locals. There is a certain type of local here which is largely ambivalent about Palm Springs culture. They want nothing to do with mid-century fun-in-the-sun. They were simply born here, are sun tanned beyond recognition, and spend their days where they can get feee air conditioning.

I'm not convinced about the "real" rat connection to the term. I've always had it explained to me in "rat pack" terms. But I don't find any print sources backing up this assertion, outside of materials which deal with the Rat Pack's activities in Palm Springs. --Kimchifan 18:14, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Snowbird. Is there really anything particularly Palm Springs-local about the term "snowbird"? Isn't it used all over North America to refer to people who go south for the winter? While some full-time residents may dislike snowbirds or speak pejoratively of them, the term itself seems neutral, and the sentence about how it can be used, whether neutrally or negatively, seems unnecessary. --Rensselaerswick1637 16:08, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Response from author. True enough. This can be stripped out. --Kimchifan 00:15, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Scalping. While scalping certainly throws dust into the air temporarily, and probably aggravates some people's allergies, and may be disliked by some residents (mainly those who don't have lawns or don't play golf?), it seems a stretch to call it "controversial." --Rensselaerswick1637 16:08, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Response from author. It seems me you may not be a local. This is a big issue and the letters-to-the-editor on this subject are countless. It is not a strech by any means, nor is dust pollution or blow-sand. --Kimchifan 00:15, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

OK. --Rensselaerswick1637 16:08, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

--Rensselaerswick1637 17:09, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Points of Interest
''The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians has added an exciting vibrancy to downtown with the luxurious Spa Resort Hotel and Casino, offering gambling opportunities, restaurants, and spa facilities. The spa facilities draw their thermal waters from the original hot springs which gave rise the names "Palm Springs" and "Agua Caliente."''

This mention of a commercial enterprise (a hotel and gambling casino) in a list of museums and points of interest seems inappropriate. With its link to the casino's web site and its mention of "exciting vibrancy," "gambling opportunities," and the "luxurious" hotel, this seems more an advertisement than an encyclopedia-worthy fact. Why shouldn't the town's other hotels -- as well as its fast-food restaurants, gas stations, and grocery stores -- list their exciting sleeping, eating, fueling, and shopping opportunities here too?

--Rensselaerswick1637 18:03, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Would "Grande Luxe" be okay? (kidding.) starkt 10:20, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Although I did not write this myself, it is not so cut and dry as you describe. ACBCI is particularly significant locally because they are the aboriginal inhabitants of the region. The Palm Springs Spa was also the towns first large-scale commercial enterprise; likewise the casino is a major feature of the downtown area. When you are a small town, it is arguably less relevant to draw such a clear line between commercial and non-commercial features.

The hot springs are likewise historically important to the town as they were the original draw for health-seekers and tourists. They also gave the town its name.

I do agree however that the use of "luxurious" is not appropriate here, and the first line should be reconstructed to sound less commercial.

--Kimchifan 00:21, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

More talk on Sources

 * you know more than me on wikipedia rules. I thank you for your time to check for mistakes, the kind of edits don't belong on wikipedia. I want to keep articles clean. yeah, the spa hotel resort entry is more an ad sponsored by them. or someone went on for too long i turn my head away from the screen. I think the article needs to disable any edits to prevent unwanted entrys again. I like any one to add new facts of interest, if its relevant, discuss the subject and dont go on half a page. I'm made my move to remove edits & entries that don't make sense or left by an anon vandal. the spa hotel is described a place on books not on travel. we can't have ads in here if wikipedia aren't paid to post ads. I don't want my children's study guides to show ads, they come to learn not buy things they don't need. - ernesto

kim, read the edit then have a talk: << ! e mid-century situation with the city's large black, Latino and Jewish communities was reportedly tense and the community appeared segregated or allowed discrimination. Palm Springs in that time wasn't viewed as a tolerant community we came to know today. | >>

I'm unsure it fits the critera or standards, but kim you didn't need to delete. but good thing mike will not do that no more. you kept out mike out of the article huh? he won't bother it again. palm springs was much like every place in america in the time before the civil rights era. my own parents who are mexicans/Latinos never been thrown out of public places. but in palm springs they came across anglos who laugh or call names or ask where they from. you may heard the local news on Palm springs city council voted to become a 'hate free' community. beleeve me it won't work to stop hate. i understand the blacks, gays or lesbians, jewish people, etc. support the idea, but press people never interviewed Latinos or others in the community on they like or dislike the idea. i should watch more spanish tv news, hee hee, but i get my news in a language i been exposed to- english. i find it ironic there was a time in palm springs area any Mexican person spoke spanish, they were scolded or threatened for sounding 'un american.' today its a 'hate crime' to tell Latinos to speak english, but i've seen more immigrants never learn to use english and this worries me on how they can make it in America, where English is a must learn. - ernesto

This does not add anything to the article and does not cite references. This article isn't about adding personal opinions: it's about citing reputable published resources. --Kimchifan 09:20, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Kim...I apologize for these edits are useless to you (not my personal opinions, because you don't add those "what I think is" in articles.) It's not a news blog, not "a toy" or what other admins said. I respect the Palm Springs page is yours and won't allow RV or POV on my pages, unless they can prove it or I'm able to track down the source myself. I hope to clear the issue and I adhere to your messages on my talk page, so I don't edit your page again. + Mike D 26 10:07, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

Palm Springs Power ball team
I tell you what, Kim. The P.S. Power are a member of the collegiate Pacific Southwest Baseball League, not the class A California League. Here's what I found-
 * Palm Springs is home to the Palm Springs Power (no separate article exists...but the Power are found in the PSBL article), a "California league" baseball team composed of college all stars (definitely true). The Palm Springs Stadium, was once the spring training site of the California Angels (now Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim) American League baseball team from 1961 to 1992 (not 1993, after the Angels already got a new spring training facility.)

Constructive criticism is what we have to do in Wikipedia, no matter how one don't like to be called "wrong" or "inaccurate". I found the California Collegiate League article, except much of it is not referenced enough and the CCL's official web page wasn't updated in over a year.+ Mike D 26 10:13, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

just venting
I don't care if anyone deletes this, but I just had the editor of PS Life come into the hotel I work at...drunk...he was being a real prick to boot. Acted like I was supposed to read his mind or something. Oi.

I'd like to second this person. i live in palm springs, and let me tell you, boring. as. hell. you grow out of village vest by the time you're a freshman in highschool. yeah. boring. no samash.

I can't believe there isn't a single word written about the thriving gay community in Palm Springs. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.94.232.98 (talk) 05:48, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

Copyright violations
In response to an OTRS complaint, I have removed a deeply engrained copyright violation from this article. Unfortunately that has resulted in the removal of derivative contributions over the last six months. Users working on this article please be careful not to use copyrighted sources for text.--Docg 21:44, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Surrounding municipalities
This article sorely needs a "Surrounding municipalities" section with Geographic Location (8-way) filled in by someone who knows the area well. See San Bernardino, California for example usage. — SMcCandlish  Talk⇒ ʕ(Õلō)ˀ  Contribs. 22:57, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I can help out if you want? House1090 (talk) 04:20, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

Notable people
I just deleted a bit about Todd Clever (rugby player) being a native of Palm Springs, because there is no section devoted to notable natives, and Clever's presence was undue emphasis on him.

Is there any interest in creating a section listing notable natives? I would caution against listing notable non-native residents, as there would be far too many. Or make a new list article to hold them all. Binksternet (talk) 19:01, 21 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I think a new list article with both natives and residents would be most appropriate because, as Binksternet noted, it would be rather lengthy with notable people that lived there (at least as one of their homes and during the winter). Alanraywiki (talk) 19:09, 21 May 2010 (UTC)

POV tag -- gay demographic
To deliberately remove all mentioning of the word gay from this article, especially given Palm Springs LGBT Demographic (and yes, its a measured, charted, and researched demographic). Is to deliberately exclude the notability of Palm Springs, culture, population, and friendliness to LGBT Citizens. To white wash it shows deliberate bigotry, because you want to "hide" this relevant fact, or don't think LGBT citizens or presence is a respectable act of culture. Whomever has removed (and whomever has allowed someone to remove) all mentions from this article, has no business editing this article. 69.104.169.217 (talk) 03:03, 14 January 2011 (UTC) Anon

And here, I found some useful statistics that put Palm Springs at #3 in "Most Likely Gay Households" (Unmaried same sex pairings living together). http://www.city-data.com/top2/c11.html Even better datawill be out once the 2010 Census is fully processed, as they started recording it explicitly for the first time. Not to mention the incredibly large number of explicitly gay oriented restaurants, hotels, etc. Or Frequent news media references of the area being "Gay Mecca". Or how for a certain period of time, every year, the population more than doubles, and its mostly gays (and Armenians around Memorial Day). Or having had one of the few openly gay mayors, or how Palm Springs has an annual gay pride parade.

Excluding this notable aspect of Palm Springs (and the wider Coachella valley as well, but that's another article), constitutes a non-neutral POV. 69.104.169.217 (talk) 04:03, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

Also a final note: Explicit mention of Palm Springs LGBT community, and its notability, used to be in this article, and was removed over successive edits. 69.104.169.217 (talk) 04:08, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Nothing in the present article gives explicit mention of LGBT, so even if residents of the city itself have such a bent, the article does not. I have removed the POV tag because such tags pertain to how an article is written, not the subject matter. --S. Rich (talk) 05:08, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Whitewashing constitutes a non-neutral POV. It would be the same if someone cleared any mention of anyone other than white men from a page on the United States, and did not include a demographic section at all. Or failing to mention there's gays is west hollywood, or on the Castro street in SF. This information was in the article the last time I looked at it. Palm Springs is one of the top 10 gay travel destinations in the U.S. It's a significant feature, and this article used to mention the openly gay mayor. Removing this information (it used to be in this article) is editing from a non-neutral POV, it's called whitewashing. Adding it back. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.104.169.217 (talk) 06:08, 14 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Oh. I see. You don't like the fact that there is no mention of LGBT in the article.  (Contrast, The Castro, San Francisco.)  Have at it, with WP:RS of course!  And here is another link for you: List of gay villages.  Happy editing. --S. Rich (talk) 06:28, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

Airport designer
Donald Wexler designed the Palm Springs Airport not Albert Frey

reflected in the work of Albert Frey (who designed the Palm Springs city hall, aerial-tram (cable car) station, Movie Colony Hotel and airport), Donald Wexler, Richard Neutra, E. Stewart Williams, John Lautner, and others.[30] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.196.146.66 (talk) 00:01, 21 January 2012 (UTC)

List of people from Palm Springs, California article
The Palm Springs Walk of Stars has 342 names. (Of course not all are wikilinked in that article.) The Palm Springs notable people section has been expanded to over 260 names. With some 700 potential names available, I've set up a User:Srich32977/List of people from Palm Springs, California new article. Editors are encouraged to take a look and provide suggestions, edits, improvements, etc. so I can submit it. At that point we can put in a see main template. Thanks. --S. Rich (talk) 06:05, 1 March 2012 (UTC)
 * This page's "notable people" section really needs to be broken out into a separate article. Not sure if you've seen the relevant guideline, but there's the link. Killiondude (talk) 06:55, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

 * That is exactly what I am doing. Are you able to access the sandbox article I've set up? --S. Rich (talk) 07:19, 1 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, hello. Killiondude (talk) 07:37, 1 March 2012 (UTC)
 * New article has been submitted. Once it is enlivened, I'll clean up the remainder of the Notable people section here.--S. Rich (talk) 15:54, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

 * At some point all the names need to be checked to make sure there are sources for each one. Just looking at the articles of a handful of the people listed here shows that many do not have sources for the Palm Springs connection either here or on the subject's article. 72Dino (talk) 16:43, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Oh, I quite agree. My objective was to spruce up the PS article, but I ended up with this huge list. So to trim the spruce, I set up the List article. An example of an individual article that mentions PS is Robert T. Smith. The specific reference for his PS connection is not cited in his article, but is actually available from footnote 1 -- the Flying Tigers Association webpage for Smith. With 260+ names now on the list perhaps it will stimulate editors to take a look at those articles needing such clean up. For now I'm happy to improve the PS article.--S. Rich (talk) 17:37, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

Splitting of popular culture section
There are various "List of novels set in Xxxx" articles, but the very title limits the scope of a split article. As the listing contains short story, poetry, and a creative non-fiction book, titling the split article "List of novels..." doesn't seem appropriate. Also, there is the music section -- another aspect of popular culture. At the same time, my quick search has not found "... in popular culture" articles. So, aside from being involved in other editing efforts, I haven't figured out how to name the article. Since Palm Springs -- as a Hollywood resort, etc. -- has a fairly unique history and serves as a setting for so much popular culture, I am convinced that this section of the article (and new article) has overall worthiness. Your thoughts (and help) are appreciated. --S. Rich (talk) 00:20, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
 * It would be better to remove all entries for non-notable (as in, no article) authors and musicians and to remove the ISBN numbers from what remains. The list as it stands right now is in violation of WP:NOT. Speciate (talk) 00:32, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

What you say is interesting -- but consider Willowtip Records discography or List of Puerto Rican boxing world champions or List of Gaylactic Spectrum Award winners and nominees for best short fiction. These are examples of WP:Featured lists with lots of "non-notable" entries. This is especially true of Willowtip, which relies on 3 external links as its' general reference. How do these articles reconcile with NOTDIR? --S. Rich (talk) 01:38, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

And upon further reflection, I think WP:SAL is the appropriate guidance. After all, it has allowed List of voice actors in the Grand Theft Auto and List of vegetable oils to reach Featured status. (Both of which have various non-notable entries.) With this in mind, how do we split out the list (with an appropriate title) and thereby reduce the PS article by 18k bytes?--S. Rich (talk) 02:45, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

Well, after doing a more thorough search, I see we have, Los Angeles in popular culture, and Lemuria in popular culture. (All worthy, to be sure.) I think I'll split off the section into its own "in popular culture" article. Hmmmm? To be Palm Springs, California, in popular culture or Palm Springs in popular culture ... that is the question.--S. Rich (talk) 16:00, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

So it looks like this was indeed split into its own article 9 years ago, but then the article has since been deleted, and now there's an entire section of this Wikipedia page that contains nothing but a dead link. It seems like maybe either the section or the page should have text again, or the section should be deleted entirely. But just as a single data point, I came to Wikipedia today specifically for that section. 66.74.69.222 (talk) 02:13, 19 October 2021 (UTC)

High crime rate
The Desert Sun newspaper (Sep 28, 2016) stated Palm Springs has the highest crime rate in the Coachella Valley and Riverside County, and among the most crime-ridden 10 cities in CA and top 50 in the nation. Nearby Cathedral City and Desert Hot Springs 10 miles away are in the infamous list. Surprisingly, Indio and Coachella, the valley's oldest, largest (by population), poorest and most Hispanic/Latino populations, are third and fourth lowest respectively. The north end (along Vista Chino Dr), central (surrounding the PS Mall on Tahquitz and Farrell Drives) and east end (along Gene Autry Trail) are known for high crime activity, and the Warm Sands area along Ramon from Indian Canyon Dr to Sunrise Way isn't quite a safe place. The area's lowest crime rates are Indian Wells (pop 4,100) and Rancho Mirage (pop 15,200) mostly consist of gated, upper-income, seasonal and retirement communities and golf courses. 67.49.89.214 (talk) 00:56, 29 September 2016 (UTC)

Obama's Move to Palm Springs, California
On Tuesday, 17 January 2017, the President's Press Secretary, Josh Earnest, announced that outgoing President Barack H. Obama and his family will be moving this coming Friday, 20 January 2017, to Palm Springs, California, immediately following the President-elect's inauguration. Apparently, the Obama family has bought a new house and property in Palm Springs, CA. and have decided to make California their home. I think that it would be good to mention this in the current article.Davidbena (talk) 22:08, 17 January 2017 (UTC)

 * If and when he moves here, he can be included in the List of people from Palm Springs, California article like Eisenhower and Ford. Otherwise, it's not notable. Bahooka (talk) 22:28, 17 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Agreed.Davidbena (talk) 01:28, 18 January 2017 (UTC)

I thought the Obamas (Barack and Michelle) bought a home in the Thunderbird cove of Rancho Mirage, California not far from Palm Springs. 12.218.47.123 (talk) 15:35, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

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Nominate for GA

 * As a quick comment, you should make sure any and all maintenance tags are taken care of before the article is reviewed. That is, there is currently a section with a large maintenance tag present. Killiondude (talk) 05:54, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

First cities in US to lockdown in Covid-19 pandemic
Since March 16th, Palm Springs was one of the first US municipalities to have a lockdown to contain the spread of Covid-19 and they continue to hold a lockdown on some businesses, although CA locked down on March 19th and reopened certain businesses on May 8th. For a month (Apr 7-May 11), the county required face coverings and masks in public, but Palm Springs will continue this until June 19th. And the county also ranked second in CA with the most Covid-19 positive cases, but it has more to do with how much testing was performed compared to neighboring more populous counties. Palm Springs and the county has large numbers of seniors, people with respiratory illness (including children) and HIV/AIDS cases which is found widely in Palm Springs' gay male community, it may be a reason for a heavy demand for testing of high-risk groups in the Coachella Valley, although CA ranked lower in cases per ratio of population (40 million residents) than most US states in the Covid-19 pandemic. So far, 200 cases out of 55,000 people is a higher ratio than Indio with 165 cases out of 97,000, Palm Springs is known for higher population density due to more apartment complexes. 2605:E000:100D:C571:6DCE:ABEA:BC50:DF93 (talk) 20:27, 14 May 2020 (UTC)

Ron Oden up for deletion
Hard to believe sources aren’t plentiful for this mayor of Palm Springs. First openly gay mayor of a California city. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 19:03, 7 September 2020 (UTC)

Water Contamination reported for all pools at Palm Springs
Tennis Club! What’s happening??? 2603:8001:6D03:5702:74F6:D042:D831:8F7D (talk) 01:43, 24 March 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:22, 17 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Kaufman Desert Home.jpg

Section 14
The article says: "The California attorney general's office later called the displacement a 'city-engineered holocaust', depriving dozens of blacks and Latinos of generational wealth." They were living on rented land; generational wealth cannot be claimed on something you do not own. Magnolia677 (talk) 11:30, 2 December 2022 (UTC)

 * It is a restatement of the report as quoted in the LA Times and KESQ, both WP:RS and the claim for the lawsuit which asks for reparations. If you want to rebut this with a reliable source of your own, feel free to do so.Calwatch (talk) 09:34, 3 December 2022 (UTC)
 * If the claim is from a lawsuit, then it should be deleted. Lawsuits are filled with ridiculous claims, and are unencyclopedic. Magnolia677 (talk) 13:47, 3 December 2022 (UTC)

Photos from other cities?
On the right side, there is a group of four photos representing Palm Springs. Unfortunately, the upper left photo is from La Quinta Resort, about 25 miles east, in La Quinta, CA. 2600:1012:A106:B9CC:DC0B:5FD9:39CC:1DA (talk) 04:18, 26 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Palm Springs, California


text:
Talk:Chowk.com

This article has been kept following this VFD debate Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:59, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I placed a pov tag on this article. I have been studying chowk.com for some time and it most certainly does NOT present a balanced outlook. It is owned and operated by 2 muslims and the majority of it's contributors are muslims. There is a significant amount of anti-Hindu bias and bile in many of their articles (big surprise). Implicitly describing this website as an "intellectual's haven" is as absurd as referring to Islamic terrorists as "Freedom Fighters". Furthermore, there is very little in the way of intelligent debate in any of their threads. Most of it is blubbering nonsense, dangerous terrorist propaganda and hate-speech against Hindus disguised as scholarship. Whenever a Hindu expresses a dissenting point of view, (s)he is immediately barred from the forum. Ironic that westerners generally show more tolerance for Hindus than these people. You wouldn't characterze a Palestinian Islamist and anti-Israel/anti-semetic website in such a blatantly favorable way, would you? Then why this much latitude to South Asian muslims and their virulent Hindu-Bashing? How is that different from their antisemitism? What are you afraid of, bombs? Call a spade a spade, people. We're supposed to be about the facts, not bleeding-heart Liberal socialist propaganda! User:Subhash Bose

 * I disagree I know many Muslims who would say the exact opposite!..this article fulfills the basics of an article we can just put a mention that it has been criticized by right wing Hindus and Muslims. --Zak 20:00, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Until somebody does, this NPOV tag needs to stay. The edit needs to be done by a NEUTRAL THIRD PARTY. That means neither you nor me. I have put in a preliminary addendum, but added a "cleanup required" tag for the sake of fairness. Now, show me one article on the website that can be construed as anti-muslim. The anti-Hindu articles are a dime a dozen. Again, I maintain. If wikipedia calls a racist a racist, an anti-semite an anti-semite, then an anti-hindu should be referred to as such, as should an islamophobe. --User:Subhash Bose0612,20 May 2006 CST

My Gods

 * This website is the most hateful garbage I have ever seen! I was just reading the articles, and they are all anti-Hindu! The level of hate in these forums against Hindus left my blood cold...
 * Plus, regarding the recent Israel-Lebanon conflict, it presents a completely one-sides Arab-sympathetiuc view, as do the editorials. They almost make allegations that Israelis drink blood and steal organs from people!
 * This website is biased and horribly hatemongering, and needs to be represented as such. If you are an objective and unbiased reader than check it out for yourself and bloody well tell me that this site is anything other than a watering hole for Islamofascists and their fetishists!
 * HornOKplease this is directed at you. Go to chown.com and show me ONE article that is critical os Islam or Pakistan in any way imaginable, and show me ONE article that is favorable to India in any way imaginable, and I will retract my dispute.

Netaji 09:55, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

I think you need to find independent reviews of this, rather than google searches. I have left most of the things you added. Hornplease 00:30, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

 * My only deletes were the google searches. which i dont think belong in the article. Hornplease 01:23, 31 July 2006 (UTC)
 * That was pretty objective information. What policy of wikipedia does posting google links violate?Netaji 02:03, 31 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Drawing, or implying, inferences from them violates WP:OR. You might ask an dmin about that.

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Hornplease (talk • contribs)

Hogwash
Man, such utter hogwash. I KNOW chowk is anything BUT anti-hindu. In fact 90% of its writers are totally secular and most of its readers are so as well. The hate users from BOTH sides sign in and out but are usually thrown out eventually. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.69.56.97 (talk • contribs)

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Bulgarian Wikipedia

The Bulgarian Wikipedia (Българоезичната Уикипедия) is the Bulgarian-language edition of Wikipedia. It was founded on 6 December 2003, and on 12 June 2015 it passed the 200,000 articles threshold. It is written in the Bulgarian (Cyrillic) Alphabet. As of, it has articles and is the  largest Wikipedia edition.

Users
As of, the Bulgarian Wikipedia has registered users and  of them are active users. Bulgarian Wikipedia has a Bulgarian alphabet (Cyrillic) interface and users can include Cyrillic letters for their Wikipedia names. The userboxes and all other personal content is in Cyrillic. This is also due to the need of one username for all Wikipedia languages registrations and edits, while many of the Bulgarian Wikipedians also contribute to the English, French, etc. Wikipedias where Cyrillic nicknames may be hard to read or pronounce.

History

The Bulgarian Wikipedia was created on 6 December 2003. In 2005 Bulgarian Wikipedia added its 20,000th article and was the 21st largest Wikipedia at the time. Later in 2007 it was the 30th largest Wikipedia by article count, with over 50,000 articles. On 24 May 2010, the distinctive Wikipedia globe logo for the Bulgarian Wikipedia was temporarily altered to include the number 100,000 to commemorate the 100,000 article milestone, it became the 32nd largest Wikipedia by size and now it holds 33rd place with more than 200,000 articles.

Timeline

 * On 3 October 2004, the 10,000th article was created.
 * On 26 December 2007, the 50,000th article.
 * On 24 May 2010, the 100,000th article.
 * On 17 July 2013, the 150,000th article and
 * On 12 June 2015, the 200,000th article.

Multimedia
As of March 2010 Bulgarian Wikipedia uses only Commons for pictures and multimedia uploads and local uploads are switched off. The existing files are gradually moved to Commons.

title: Bulgarian Wikipedia


text:
User:Rivaboy

Welcome to me!

title: User:Rivaboy


text:
Talk:Chris Walla

Untitled
I've started an infopage about Christopher Walla. If you've got some more details add them, please. who is chris walla?

Guys...
Someone has obviously vandalized this article pretty hard. For instance was he really born at a Seattle's Best Coffee? Did Washington really pass a law saying no one else could be named Chris Wallace? Did he release an album titled "You Can Sing These Songs with Words"? Is the town in which he currently resides really "Portland, Washington's Mexico"? The answer to these questions is no, but I know nothing about this person (mostly do to the blatantly false info in the article) so I can't change it. Work's cut out for you, fans. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.126.208.40 (talk) 05:09, 5 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Fixed.  caknuck °  needs to be running more often  05:14, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Uh...
I'm sure it's some kind of inside joke, but wtf is with the ponies?

Pony Wonderer: he has a link to the "My Little Pony" Hasbro website at hallofjusticerecording.com. Also, I believe the only group on myspace he belongs to is about ponies or something. But somebody just added the "small game and fowl" part and I find it funny. -from somebody who shouldn't know this much about Chris Walla

Does anyone know the name of Christopher Walla's dad? Is it Pernie?

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title: Talk:Chris Walla