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Pilning railway station

Pilning railway station is a minor station on the South Wales Main Line near Pilning, South Gloucestershire, England. It is 10 mi from Bristol Temple Meads and is the last station on the English side before the Severn Tunnel through to Wales. It is managed by Great Western Railway, who provide the two train services per week from the station.

The station was opened by the Bristol and South Wales Union Railway in 1863, but was resited in 1886 when the Severn Tunnel was opened. The station had an extensive goods yard, boasting one of the largest railway communities in the Bristol area, and operated a motorail service to Wales. In 1928 the original station was reopened on the Severn Beach Line, which allowed passengers and freight to reach Avonmouth Docks, though this only lasted until 1964. The goods yard was closed in 1965, and the station buildings later demolished, with very little in the way of facilities. Passenger services also declined, to two trains per day in the 1970s and the current service level of two trains per week in 2006.

The station's footbridge was removed in 2016 as part of Great Western Main Line electrification project, meaning that only eastbound trains can now use the station. Campaigners have alleged this is part of an attempted closure by stealth, although the incident raised the station's profile nationally. Pilning is one of the least-used stations in Britain, but passenger numbers have increased in recent years due to efforts by the Pilning Station Group.

Description
Pilning railway station is located in the Pilning area of South Gloucestershire, 2 mi north of the Bristol conurbation. The surrounding area is primarily farmland, with the village itself some 0.75 mi further west. The station is on the South Wales Main Line between Bristol Parkway and Newport (South Wales), 9 mi from Bristol Temple Meads and 116 mi from London Paddington via Bristol Parkway. West of Pilning, the railway descends into a cutting and then into the Severn Tunnel, emerging in Wales at Severn Tunnel Junction, 6 mi away. The next station to the east is Patchway, 3 mi distant. The station sits on an embankment, with a bridge over the road east of the station and over an irrigation channel at the west.

The railway through Pilning has three tracks: from north to south these are the Up Tunnel towards Bristol; the Down Tunnel towards Wales; and then the Down Pilning Loop, also towards Wales. A fourth track, the Up Pilning Loop, ends just west of the station. All three tracks through the station are unidirectional. The two Tunnel lines have a 90 mph speed limit, while the loop has a speed limit of 40 mph. The line is electrified using overhead wires. Despite there being three tracks, Pilning only has a single platform in use, Platform 1, on the north side of the line. This is 120 m long and serves trains towards Bristol. The old down platform, Platform 2, sits between the Down Tunnel and Down Pilning Loop, but is no longer accessible to the public. It is 121 m long. There is an old brick station building on Platform 1 but it is not in railway use. Infrastructure owner Network Rail has a compound at the station.

Facilities at Pilning are extremely basic: the platform, which is covered by CCTV, has a bus stop-style shelter on it but no seats. Customer help points on the platform and timetable boards provide service information, but there are no facilities for buying tickets. There is a free car park with 10 spaces and four bicycle stands, and also a payphone. Access is via a long ramp from the main road.

Pilning is consistently one of the least-used stations in Britain, recording fewer than 50 annual passengers several times between 1997 and 2015. Numbers have since increased by a factor of ten, thanks in part to campaigns by the Pilning Station Group; however as of 2017/18 it is still the 35th least used station of the 2,559 in Britain.

Service
Pilning is managed by Great Western Railway, which operate all services from the station. A parliamentary service of two trains per week operates; as of the December 2019 timetable these are the Saturday 08:33 and 14:33 services from Cardiff Central to Penzance and Taunton respectively. The standard journey time to Bristol Temple Meads is 20 minutes, and to Taunton is 80 minutes. Services at Pilning are formed using GWR and  diesel multiple-unit trains. Due to there being no westbound trains, a fares easement is in place allowing passengers to travel to Severn Tunnel Junction in order to return eastbound to Pilning. Rail replacement buses do not call at Pilning; in the event of engineering works taxis are provided instead.

Great Western Railway services between London Paddington and South Wales pass through Pilning non-stop throughout the day, two trains per hour in each direction on weekdays, one train per hour at weekends. Other Great Western Railway services between Cardiff and Taunton or Portsmouth Harbour also pass through non-stop, again two trains per hour in each direction on weekdays, one train per hour at weekends. Freight trains also operate through Pilning, roughly two per hour each way, with many transporting coal between Bristol and South Wales.

Bristol and South Wales Union Railway
Pilning railway station first opened on 8 September 1863 when services began on the Bristol and South Wales Union Railway (BSWUR). The railway ran from Bristol Temple Meads to New Passage Pier, north of Bristol on the banks of the River Severn, where passengers could transfer onto a ferry to cross the river into Wales. The line, engineered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, was built as single track broad gauge. Pilning was 9 mi from Temple Meads, initially the fifth station along the line, between Patchway 3 mi east and New Passage 1 mi west. There was a single platform on the north side of the line, and a siding to the south. Few details are known about this iteration of the station, nor are there any photos from its time in use. The station was 1 mi east of the village of Pilning in Gloucestershire, on Pilning Street, a road between Pilning and Easter Compton, which was 1.5 mi further south. The immediate area was farmland with little in the way of housing, although there was a pub, The Plough, across the road from the station. To the east the line crossed the road at a level crossing, which was operated from the station using levers. There were initially six trains per day on weekdays in each direction, with three trains per day on Sundays.

In 1868 the BSWUR was amalgamated with the Great Western Railway (GWR), which had from the beginning operated all BSWUR services; and in 1873 the line was converted to standard gauge.

High Level station

Although the BSWUR made travel from Bristol to Wales easier, the change from train to ferry to train was inconvenient, and so plans to build a tunnel under the Severn were considered even before the railway opened. Parliamentary permission was gained in 1872, with construction beginning in 1873. GWR chairman Daniel Gooch and other directors visited Pilning in 1884 as part of an inspection tour of the works. The route to the tunnel diverged from the New Passage line 35 chain east of Pilning, necessitating the building of a replacement station on the new line, approximately 100 yd south of the original. The new station opened with the first passenger services through the tunnel on 1 December 1886. The New Passage branch, including the original station, was closed to passengers the same day, despite requests from local residents that a reduced service continue to operate. The route remained in goods use to allow trains to deliver coal to the Severn Tunnel pumping station, which was on a spur off the New Passage route.

The new station was built on an embankment, and would eventually become known as Pilning High Level. The railway crossed the road via a bridge east of the original station's level crossing, and the new station entrance adjacent to that level crossing. To the west the line went into a cutting descending towards the Severn Tunnel. The station embankment also crossed a small irrigation channel at Gumhurn Bridge. The new station was 3 chain further along the line from Bristol at 9 mi, with Patchway now 3 mi to the east, having been resited in 1885. The next station west was Severn Tunnel Junction, 6 mi away the other side of the Severn. There were two platforms, either side of the two running lines, although double-tracking to Patchway was only completed in 1887. The northern platform served eastbound trains, the southern one was for westbound trains. The station buildings were of a standard GWR design with chimneys and a fretted canopy; however this design bore no resemblance to the other stations along the line. The main station building was on the northern platform, containing the station master's office, booking office, parcels office and toilets. There was a smaller waiting room on the westbound platform. The platforms were wooden, with gas lamps and wooden bench seats. A large covered footbridge connected the platforms east of the buildings. In 1905 there were 30 staff employed by the station – 14 signalmen, 6 signalmen/porters, 8 porters, a tunnel inspector and the stationmaster – making it one of the largest railway communities in the Bristol area. Staff members were given first aid training and examinations by St John Ambulance, with an annual awards event.

The station had a large goods yard to the south and east of the station, including a cattle pen and loading bay at the east end of the northern platform. A siding between the platforms and the junction was converted to a goods loop in 1904, a westbound goods loop south of the station was laid in 1905, and a further eastbound loop just west of the station in 1906. The station had two signal boxes: Station Box was sited at the western end of the southern platform and had 54 levers; Junction Box was 0.25 mi east at the eastern end of the goods yard and had 68 levers. As the final station before the Severn Tunnel, the yard was used to inspect wagons before they entered the tunnel, and also to house an emergency rescue locomotive. Heavier trains had a special brake van added, as the standard Great Western brake van had an open veranda and thus exposed the guards to choking fumes while in the tunnel. Banking locomotives were also kept at Pilning to help trains with the steep slopes between the Severn Tunnel and Patchway.

In 1910, the GWR introduced a Motorail service through the Severn Tunnel, operating between Pilning and Severn Tunnel Junction. Vehicles were loaded onto special wagons which were then attached to passenger trains using two dedicated shunting locomotives. Waterproof covers were available to protect cars from the conditions inside the tunnel, while passengers travelled in a coach hauled by the same train. There were usually two or three such trains per day. The service continued for more than fifty years, barring a cessation during World War I. The opening of the Severn Bridge in 1966, allowing direct road travel between Bristol and South Wales, brought about the end of the service, with the final train running on 6 October 1966.

Pilning Low Level
In 1900, the GWR built a new branch from the route to New Passage, running along the banks of the Severn to the docks at Avonmouth. This allowed trains to travel via the original station at Pilning and avoid congestion along the line via central Bristol. The line was single-track throughout, but Pilning had a passing loop and two loop sidings adjacent to the line. The loop was capable of holding a train of 60 wagons, while the sidings could hold 52 and 48 wagons. A brick signal box, Pilning Branch Box, more commonly known as Low Level, was opened adjacent to the level crossing in 1917. It had ten levers controlling the crossing and the eastern end of the passing loops, the western end being controlled by a ground frame. The level crossing had manually-controlled gates, requiring the signaller to leave the signal box in order to operate them. The crossing was also at the bottom of a gradient, with train operators advised to approach it cautiously. Trains working from Wales to Avonmouth required elaborate shunting moves – there was no path between the two without reversing – and so the level crossing was frequently closed, leading to traffic jams. A new route to Avonmouth, via Henbury, was opened in 1910, but no direct connection between South Wales and Avonmouth was built until 1971.

In the early 1900s the nearby village of Severn Beach became a popular seaside resort, with a station opening there in 1922 for trains via Avonmouth. This spurred the upgrading of the line from Pilning to Avonmouth to passenger traffic: inspections occurred in 1927, approval was granted on 24 April 1928, and the first passenger services ran on 23 June 1928. The station at Pilning on this line opened on 9 July 1928, referred to variously as Pilning Halt, Pilning Low Level Halt and Pilning Low Level, although the latter was the most common. The station on the route via the Severn Tunnel was renamed Pilning High Level, with the station boards noting "Junction for Severn Beach and Avonmouth". The total cost of construction of the new stations at Pilning, Cross Hands Halt and New Passage Halt was estimated at £502.

The new Low Level station was on the site of the original station, 9 mi from Bristol Temple Meads. Patchway was the next station east, 3 mi away, while to the west Cross Hands Halt was 73 chain distant. The station had a single 150 ft-long wooden platform on the north side of the line, with no facilities or lighting. The shortness of the platform meant that only two carriages could be accommodated, and so passengers were required to travel in the correct part of the train in order to alight. Tickets were sold from the High Level station, whose stationmaster oversaw the Low Level also. The Low Level station handled parcels traffic, unlike other halts on the route. The station had no water tower, and so locomotives were required to travel to High Level to use the facilities there. A small shelter and platform lighting were added by 1959. The initial service along this loop was nine trains per day on weekdays and four on Sundays, mostly running circular trips to and from Bristol Temple Meads via Clifton Down and Patchway.

British Rail

When the railways were nationalised in 1948, Pilning came under the aegis of the Western Region of British Railways. In 1949 there were seven trains towards South Wales and eight towards Bristol from Wales each day, with two each way on Sundays. The Low Level station saw an additional five trains per day towards Bristol via Patchway, and seven per day towards Severn Beach, with some continuing to Bristol from there. Many trains via Severn Beach would terminate at Pilning Low Level. Passenger services between Severn Beach and Pilning were withdrawn on 23 November 1964, causing the closure of the Low Level platform. The line to Avonmouth continued in freight use, however in 1968 a work to rule incident precipitated the closure: a signaller at Pilning Branch Box took a sick day and train staff refused to work the crossing gates themselves. The line was officially closed on 1 September 1968 following this incident, with the Divisional Movements Manager stating it was surplus to requirements. The tracks and signal box remained in place until at least August 1970, but were eventually removed. The site is now in agricultural use, and the only remnants of the station are level crossing gates: one remaining in situ, the other now used at the Didcot Railway Centre.

The High Level station continued in use, but reverted to its original name, Pilning, on 6 May 1968. During the 1950s a brick building was built on the northern platform, and around the same time the footbridge had its roof and walls removed, leaving users exposed to the elements. The goods yard was closed on 29 November 1965, with the good loops westbound towards the tunnel cut short in February 1968 and the eastbound loop between the High Level station and the junction removed in May 1969. The Motorail loading bay was used to store a fire service emergency train for the Severn Tunnel, however this had been relocated to Severn Tunnel Junction by 1991. The Junction and Station signal boxes were closed on 15 March 1971, with control passed to Bristol Panel Signal Box at Bristol Temple Meads. Passenger services had increased slightly by this point, with nine or ten trains each direction between Bristol and Cardiff from Monday to Saturday and two trains each way on Sundays, but this increase was short-lived, and by 1973 Pilning received only one train per day in each direction. The station buildings had been boarded up by this point, and by 1982 had been demolished, with the exception of the 1950s brick building. Basic shelters were constructed on each platform as a replacement. The few stopping trains had to be timed for daylight hours, as the station lighting had been disconnected. British Rail was split into business-led sectors in the 1980s, at which time operations at Pilning passed to Regional Railways.

Post-privatisation
The British rail network was privatised in the 1990s – the infrastructure, including stations, became property of Railtrack in 1994, and were subsequently transferred to Network Rail in 2002. Bristol-area passenger services were franchised to Wales & West in 1997, which was succeeded by Wessex Trains, an arm of National Express, in 2001. The Wessex franchise was amalgamated with the Great Western franchise into the Greater Western franchise from 2006, and responsibility passed to First Great Western, a subsidiary company of FirstGroup, rebranded as Great Western Railway in 2015. Services continued at two per day under Wales & West and Wessex Trains, however the Greater Western franchise of 2006 specified only two trains per week at Pilning, and so the service was reduced: from Cardiff to Bristol on Saturday morning and back the same afternoon. The station, isolated and with a skeleton service, was one of the least used stations in the country, with less than 100 passengers per year.

Despite the low patronage, there was local interest in the station. The Pilning Station Group, founded by local resident Jonathan King in the 1980s, campaigned for an increase in services. Upon King's death in 2014, a small plaque dedicated to him was added to the brick abutment of the footbridge. The group devised challenges for people to travel from Pilning on the morning train, get as far as possible, and then return on the evening train. The group also successfully campaigned for an extra train to call to support a local music festival.

On 5 November 2016, the footbridge at Pilning was demolished by Network Rail as part of the Great Western Main Line electrification project, as the bridge was too low for overhead wires and the low passenger numbers did not justify a replacement. The removal of the footbridge meant that the westbound platform was no longer accessible and thus was closed, with the final train having called on 10 September. Campaigners alleged that the removal amounted to a closure by stealth, with Network Rail apologising for not consulting residents or conforming to their code of best practice. Due to trains only being able to call in the eastbound direction, a fares easement was implemented to allow westbound travel to Severn Tunnel Junction in order to return eastbound to Pilning, with the westbound service being replaced by a second eastbound service. Geoff Marshall and Vicki Pipe visited Pilning in 2017 as part of their All the Stations project, attracting local media attention to the station's status. There was subsequently a campaign for Pilning to receive the footbridge from Angel Road, following that station's closure in May 2019, however Network Rail stated that there was no financial justification for replacing the bridge. Local rail group Friends of Suburban Bristol Railways claim that Network Rail saved £658,000 by removing the bridge, and that a replacement would cost in the region of £5,000,000–£7,000,000. The Severn Tunnel electrification works made use of the Network Rail compound at Pilning, were completed in 2020, having been delayed due to corrosion in the tunnel.

Incidents
Railway staff have suffered injuries or death at Pilning; in 1893, signalman George Hann sustained severe cuts to the neck and throat after being hit by shards of glass from an unwanted bottle of lemon squash, which had been thrown from a passing train and smashed against the signal box's woodwork. A platelayer was hit by a train in 1908, suffering a broken arm; and in 1942 track worker George Daniel Garland was killed while spreading ashes – witnesses stated that there was no lookout and that high winds prevented the train being heard. Two staff are also known to have died at Pilning from natural causes: train driver James Winnicombe, who collapsed on the footplate in 1929; and track worker John Holbrook, who died in a workmen's cabin in 1932.

Passengers have also been the victims of accidents. On 31 May 1874, a seven-year-old child, Arthur Edward Claypole, and a nurse, Maria Hall, fell from an express train. Claypole had been leaning on the door when it came open causing him to fall out, with Hall jumping out after him. Claypole died from the injuries sustained. An insufficient door fastening was cited as the cause of the incident.

A major incident occurred in 1933, when a London, Midland and Scottish Railway excursion train from Worsley to Barnstaple caught fire after passing through the Severn Tunnel. The fire, which started in the restaurant car, spread to two other coaches. The train was stopped at Pilning, where the three burning carriages were removed to a siding and allowed to burn, also setting fire to the grass on the embankment. There were no injuries among the passengers; an attendant was injured while attempting to rescue property from the burning carriages. The rest of the train continued to Barnstaple and arrived an hour late, but 70 passengers from the affected carriages had to be carried by a later train.

Future
Service improvements at Pilning are supported by both the Pilning Station Group and Friends of Suburban Bristol Railways. While Severn Beach railway station is nearby, Pilning potentially offers much quicker access to Bristol and Wales. The campaigners note that 25,000 jobs are due to be created in the area as part of the Westgate development, and that a new junction on the M49 motorway could allow for a park and ride-type station "Pilning Parkway". Requests for extra services have however been rebuffed, with Great Western Railway stating that Pilning's location on the main line means that stopping trains negatively impact journey times for long-distance services. The South East Wales and West of England Business Link, a plan to improve connectivity between Newport and Weston-super-Mare, proposes replacing the existing station with one 900 m further west where the B4055 Cross Hands Road crosses the railway. This site is within the village of Pilning, offering better road access and bus interchange. The railway at this point is four-track, allowing stopping trains to be overtaken by fast trains. The plan won the Oliver Lovell Award for best new group at the 2018 Railfuture awards.

There are expected to be increases in the number of trains passing through Pilning in the years to 2043, with a predicted service of ten passenger trains and up to two freight trains per hour in each direction. Network Rail estimate that 15 trains per hour in each direction could use the route if European Train Control System signalling was implemented.

title: Pilning railway station


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Udora, Ontario

Udora is a small rural community in Ontario, Canada. It has a population estimated to be around 500 and is situated in the most south-eastern part of Georgina, split between York Region and Durham Region. The town was originally known as Snoddon Corners and was the location of the Snoddon Hotel.

History
In the 1950s, the Independent Toronto Estonian Women’s Association purchased land in the north-west side of Udora, divided the land into 150 subdivided lots for summer cottages to Estonians in Toronto and named the grounds Jõekääru, which means River Bend in English, named because Pefferlaw River runs through the grounds. Local street names in the grounds are also in the native Estonian. With the cottages also came the Estonian Children's Camp, which is still active to date as an Estonian language immersion camp for part of the summer.

Highway 48 (which links Markham to Port Bolster) lies to the north while Highway 12 linking to Whitby and Orillia, lies to the east. Within Udora Ravenshoe Road intersects with Victoria Road/Concession Road 7/Durham Road 1. Area code 705 is bounded to the north while the south of Udora is in Area code 905. The Canadian National Railway runs north of Udora, having its nearest train station in Pefferlaw.

Udora is located about 10 km South of Port Bolster, at Lake Simcoe. About 20 km S/E of Sutton, about 25 to 30 km SW of Beaverton and Orillia, west of Lindsay, north of Uxbridge, about 50 km north of Whitby, about 80 km north of Toronto and NE of Newmarket, Ontario.

In the centre of Udora (or downtown) on the main road (Victoria), there is a General Store doubling as a functioning post office. There is also a UPI full serve gas station and convenience store.

West of Victoria lies The Udora Community Hall, opened in 1974, along with a baseball diamond, playground and basketball / tennis (badminton) court. It serves as the fair grounds to "Udora Family Fun Day". In the winter, the court also hosts a small skate rink for kids.

Local businesses and attractions

 * Xanadu Studios (home studio of Artist/illustrator Bonnie Lemaire and Cartoonist/Caricaturist Robert Westall)
 * Riverview Dog Systems (Hidden Fence)
 * Jõekääru (Estonian Canadians Summer camp)
 * Udora/Leaskdale Lions
 * One Two Tree Services
 * Udora General Store
 * Udora Market / UPI Energy Gas Bar

Nearest places

 * Pefferlaw, north
 * Sunderland, east
 * Leaskdale, immediately south
 * Uxbridge, 16 km south
 * Zephyr, southwest
 * Sutton, west

Community demographics

 * Total Population: 510
 * Total Dwellings: 278
 * Total Land Area: 5.5206

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Udora, Ontario


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Ronan Vibert

Ronan David Jackson Vibert (23 February 1964 – 22 December 2022) was an English actor who was known for his appearances in films and on British and American television.

Early life
He was born in Cambridge, on 23 February 1964, the son of Dilys (née Jackson) and David Vibert, both artists. He lived in Penarth, South Wales, until he was 18, then attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, graduating in 1985.

Career
Vibert had a long career in theatre, radio, television and film.

Vibert appeared in episodes of Lovejoy, Chandler & Co, Between the Lines and the BBC's The Buccaneers, in ITV's Cadfael, Inspector Lewis and in Van der Valk. He appeared in Jeeves and Wooster as Wilmot, Lord Pershore ('Motty').

Stage credits included plays at the Bush Theatre, Hampstead Theatre, The Gate, Manchester Royal Exchange, Bristol Old Vic, The Barbican for the RSC, The Almeida and The Savoy West End. In 1996, Vibert appeared at the National Theatre for the third time, as Prince Andre in Helen Edmundson's adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. He played Maximilien Robespierre in the BBC's adaptation of The Scarlet Pimpernel with Richard E. Grant.

Vibert appeared in the Midsomer Murders episode "Death in Chorus". He also appeared in episodes of Waking The Dead and The Mrs Bradley Mysteries.

He also appeared in such TV series as Rome, ITV's Poirot, The Borgias, Emmy award winning miniseries Hatfields and McCoys with Kevin Costner and Bill Paxton, Penny Dreadful, The Lizzie Borden Chronicles, NCIS LA, Phillip K Dick's Electric Dreams and Carnival Row.

Among his many films are Shadow of the Vampire with John Malkovich and Willem Dafoe, The Cat's Meow directed by Peter Bogdanovich, the Oscar-winning The Pianist directed by Roman Polanski, Tomb Raider 2, Tristan and Isolde, The Snowman with Michael Fassbender and Saving Mr Banks with Tom Hanks and Emma Thompson, portraying the publisher Diarmuid Russell. He also appeared in The Grass Arena with Mark Rylance.

Illness and death
Vibert died at a Florida hospital on 22 December 2022, aged 58, following a brief illness.

title: Ronan Vibert


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Talk:List of feature film series with three entries

Hannibal
Do the Hannibal Lecter films belong as a trilogy? Aside from the fact that there are actually four (Manhunter not being included simply because he's played by Brian Cox and not Anthony Hopkins), but also because there's supposedly a prequel underway. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bacteria (talk) • contribs) 21:00, 13 June 2005 (UTC)

 * I think they're a valid inclusion since Red Dragon and Manhunter come from the same book. When/if the rumoured prequel is made, they will be a tetralogy, but until then I think they should be considered a trilogy. --Urbane legend 18:38, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Structuring and adding content to this article
Should the article consist of:
 * an alphabetic ordering of names of the movie trilogies
 * an alphabetic ordering of names of directors, followed by the names of their respective trilogies in alphabetic or chronological order?

A lot of (most) entries in this list are still referring to the first movie of the trilogy, since mostly no article has yet been made that refers to the trilogy as a whole.Brz7 —Preceding undated comment added by Brz7 (talk) • contribs) 00:30, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

I removed redlinks to a few trilogy titles of the form "This Movie trilogy|This Movie" that don't seem likely to receive their own trilogy pages apart from individual movie page(s) (for instance, Free Willy). Feel free to revert them as you see fit. I also propose that the year links be changed from "19xx" to "19xx in film", which seems more appropriate. Objections?—Crazilla 02:39, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

Time will tell. I think all trilogies should have a trilogy article: "name of the trilogy" (trilogy). Brz7 00:54, 17 December 2005 (UTC)
 * ..or maybe "name of the trilogy" (film trilogy)?--Brz7 23:20, 30 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Trust me, do not use the word trilogy in the article name about the film series. You never know when Zemeckis might want to make a Back to the Future 4. I propose that they be named after the series..
 * Name of series (film series) or Name of series film series. -- Lady Aleena  talk / contribs 23:09, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

Help us decide how we will name series articles! Vote! -- Lady Aleena  talk / contribs 19:49, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Video Games
I was wondering whether or not we should include video games in the trilogies. I know that they are not movies, per se, but many of them have cutscenes that act like movies. A good example would be Enter the Matrix which shot actual live-action footage. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Dogma100 (talk • contribs) 03:10, 23 December 2006 (UTC).

Years
Don't forget to put the years that the movies were released or will be release? Such as for Spiderman & Xmen trilogies. MarioV 23:43, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Star Wars
Should we take off the Star Wars lists? The series is on the "List of film series" page. It is also actually just a series of 6 films, despite the time gap, and the list is quite long to be dividing series in half and adding them. Tim Long 06:01, 28 May 2006 (UTC)
 * IMO, leave them as two separate series. I don't consider the first three as part of the original three anyway. After watching SW1, I refused to see the next 2. -- Lady Aleena  talk / contribs 23:04, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe they should all be listed together. Dispite personal feelings toward the films, they do build on each other and expand on a single story.  The 6 films are much more connected to each other than many other films listed together. Cmjc80 23:05, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I say that we should just leave the Star Wars films in both sections. They can be considered two separate trilogies or one hexalogy. While we're on the subject, I was thinking of including them in the duology section since there are a duology of trilogies. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Dogma100 (talk • contribs) 03:07, 23 December 2006 (UTC).

I think we should contact mr Lucas about this topic if he say it is series of 6 films it sould be conted as such other wise not.The Tramp 19:58, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

The Karate Kid
The Karate Kid is a trilogy by one director, but in 1994The Next Karate Kid was released, being the official forth Karate Kid film, making the series more than a trilogy.Brz7 16:04, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The Karate Kid tetralogy is listed on List of film series. -- Lady Aleena  talk / contribs 19:44, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Broaden the list?
Maybe we should decide to include also film series that include more than 3 films? This would need to rename the article to e.g. List of film series. On top of the list/article could be mentioned that the trilogies in the list are bold (or the list could be subdivided).Brz7 16:04, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * List of film series is already started, and we have List of film duologies as well. Trilogies will stay trilogies. :) -- Lady Aleena  talk / contribs 19:43, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

 * What about movie series which for a long time were considered trilogies, until a 4th, generally less popular sequel came out? For example, many people do not consider "Alien:Resurrection" to be part of the Alien series, since it's so seperated from the other three.  The first three Alien movies could then be considered to be a trilogy.  Likewise, Halloween could be considered to be three seperate series.  Already, there's at least three on the list that are considered trilogies (Indiana Jones, Shrek, and Rambo) for which a fourth movie is planned if not already being produced.  Will those get removed when the next sequels are released?  Or is the "trilogicity" of those sets sacrosanct? --Lurlock 02:34, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Once the fourth film is released for those series, they will be moved to tetralogies. These lists are for the actual amount of films in a series of films, even if the fandom doesn't agree. - LA @ 04:28, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Missing titles after reorg
Just noticed that some recent entries were elft off the reorg. If you remember your recent updates, please check to make sure they are on the list.Cmjc80 22:54, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Nominate for deletion?
Is there any good reason for this page to even exist? It's an extremely long list consisting of movies that happen to come in threes. Some were intended as trilogies, some just happen to be; some are still "in progress" and may get more entries at any given time. Some are clearly related, some of them are thoroughly arbitrary. Some are all theatrical releases, some include direct-to-video releases.

All of that, however, is somewhat beside the point. There don't seem to be lists of tetralogies or pentalogies, and there really shouldn't be, so what's the point of having a list for every "trilogy" that's ever existed? To steal an argument directly off of another discussion page here: "Wikipedia is not an indiscrimate collection of information." See Listcruft as well. Also, Is the list's criteria so open-ended as to welcome infinite results or abuse? from Lists in Wikipedia.

Any of the information about what films are sequels to each other or that a certain someone feels are thematically linked into an arbitrary trilogy should be (and most likely is) included on the separate pages for the individual films.

I'm nominating it for deletion. JoAnneThrax 22:57, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Bourne Movies Listed Twice
The 'Bourne' movies are listed twice on this page: Once under "The Bourne Trilogy" and once under "Jason Bourne" Novac 07:43, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

mission impossible
mission impossible needs to be added I would do it myself but am busy at the moment.-- intraining  Jack In  13:33, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

Requested move
Please see Talk:Film_series - Robsinden (talk) 12:35, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

Removed Aguirre
I have removed a list of three films: Aguirre, Wrath of God, Fitzcarraldo, and Cobra Verde. Aside from being directed by Werner Herzog and starring Klaus Kinski, can anyone explaine why these should be on the list? Robsinden (talk) 09:33, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

Removed "Once Upon a Time Trilogy"
These three movies directed by Sergio Leone do not form an established series. Robsinden (talk) 09:33, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

American Pie
I am just curious as to why American Pie isn't on there. It is a trilogy, American Pie, American Pie 2, and American Wedding. "The American Pie presents" films are a separate entity and its only real connection to the trilogy is Eugene Levy. Its kind of like National Lampoon namesake. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.91.187.31 (talk) 02:27, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

Batman (DC Universe Animated Original Movies)
Removed this section: the three movies are not related to one another, beyond starring Batman. Vjmurphy (talk) 15:48, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

The Twilight Saga
The Twilight Saga isn't a Trilogy, just because there are three movies. The story is not over yet, there are already four books and they are gone make a fourth movie! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.139.87.116 (talk) 16:10, 30 April 2011 (UTC)

Theatrical Trilogies
I think there should be a break down between theatrical trilogies and ones that have direct to video films. I know they are marked with a (v) or (tv) but they should be in two different section. That or we should make another page with just moves that were released in theaters. 75.150.239.241 (talk) 18:51, 3 August 2012 (UTC)

Babji2000 (talk) 09:22, 17 October 2016 (UTC) Famous trilogies are removed from the list page. Ex: "The Lord of the Rings" is removed. Among other list pages as well, I am seeing discrepancies where spin-offs are merged. Ex: Cars sequel has the movies of the spin-off Planes as well (List of film series with five entries) Sequels for predator and alien are removed and merged under "Aliens VS Predator" which is plain wrong.What is the rationale behind this?
 * Double edge sword. If its same producer and largly same cast like LOTR and Hobbit then it sixology rather than triology, even if the narrative structure is triology.  If its character that is spin off into his/her own film and is casted by the same actor as in the original movie he/she first appeared in then I think those films should be grouped together. Like the Marvel Cinema Universe films then all of those film should be groubed together. rather than split up individual character, such as Dr Strange, Iron Man, Captain America, Black Panther rather on their own for example, as it makes everything better to navigate. Bu Same probably for the Alien and Predotors if all these films are produced by the same producers. Since they made since they decided to acnowledge the existance of both in same universe. Far as Planes and Cars are concerned I must admit that I haven't seen any of those the former is made by Pixar and the later by ToonDisney if there no Planes in any of Cars movies then I would say they are probably not series, despite what Disney marketing might say. for me its minimal that film that is made as spunoff from another film that the main characters in the spinoff appear in the orignal film they are spun off. DoctorHver (talk) 18:26, 23 February 2018 (UTC)

Cités antérieures
Removed this France short subject series from the article since this article is about feature films. DoctorHver (talk) 18:14, 23 February 2018 (UTC)

Unnecessary 3 entries here ...
Some 3-entry movie series should be removed from here: The Lord of the Rings film series... Is add in 6 entries have more 3 films from this series. And right name of all series is Middle-earth > See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_feature_film_series_with_six_entries#M

The Hobbit film series... Is add in 6 entries have more 3 films from this series. And right name of all series is Middle-earth > See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_feature_film_series_with_six_entries#M

Zack Snyder's Justice League Trilogy is unnecessary... have DC Extendet Universe for this in 15 entries > See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_feature_film_series_with_11_to_20_entries#D_2

Stargate trilogy is not a trilogy!!! last 2 films is not with first one is with tv series...

Black Christmas is not a trilogy... This first film is original second is remake 3 film again is remake is not a trilogy... please remove --84.252.28.57 (talk) 15:09, 25 January 2022 (UTC)

Unnecessary 3 entries here ...
Some 3-entry movie series should be removed from here: The Lord of the Rings film series... Is add in 6 entries have more 3 films from this series. And right name of all series is Middle-earth > See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_feature_film_series_with_six_entries#M

The Hobbit film series... Is add in 6 entries have more 3 films from this series. And right name of all series is Middle-earth > See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_feature_film_series_with_six_entries#M

Zack Snyder's Justice League Trilogy is unnecessary... have DC Extended Universe for this in 15 entries > See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_feature_film_series_with_11_to_20_entries#D_2

Stargate trilogy is not a trilogy!!! last 2 films is not with first one is with tv series... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.252.28.57 (talk) 15:04, 25 January 2022 (UTC)
 * This is not a list of film trilogies, and the Black Christmas series and each of the Middle-earth series have their own articles, hence they have better reason to be on this list than most of the others.★Trekker (talk) 15:28, 25 January 2022 (UTC)

Only canon films is add in entries with 3,4 or more... Black Christmas 3 films are not canon --84.252.28.57 (talk) 18:06, 25 January 2022 (UTC)
 * No. Thats something you made up. This list is not about canon.★Trekker (talk) 01:47, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

Film series and spin-off films
Hi. I can see that almost every spin-off films are included in the lists of film series here in the List of feature film series with (number) entries articles. I don't think it's actually correct, as most spin-off films are not a part of the film series, but a separate film in the same franchise as the film series. I guess that if it's a spin-off/sequel hybrid film like Men in Black: International (part of the Men in Black franchise) and Finding Dory (part of the Finding Nemo franchise), it should be included in the lists of film series since it's 50 % spin-off/50 % part of the film series. But if it's a 100 % separate spin-off film that's not a part of the film series like Hobbs & Shaw (part of the Fast & Furious franchise), Lightyear (part of the Toy Story franchise), Planes 1 and 2 (part of the Cars franchise), Lavalantula 1 and 2 (part of the Sharknado franchise), and Minions 1 and 2 (part of the Despicable Me franchise), it should not be included in the lists of film series. So I think we should either remove every 100 % spin-off films from these lists here in these articles or rename the articles where the word series is replaced with the word franchise. Karamellpudding1999 (talk) 12:42, 21 February 2022 (UTC)


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Runway visual range

In aviation, the runway visual range (RVR) is the distance over which a pilot of an aircraft on the centreline of the runway can see the runway surface markings delineating the runway or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre line. RVR is normally expressed in meters or feet. RVR is used to determine the landing and takeoff conditions for aircraft pilots, as well as the type of operational visual aids used at the airport.

Measurement
Originally RVR was measured by a person, either by viewing the runway lights from the top of a vehicle parked on the runway threshold, or by viewing special angled runway lights from a tower at one side of the runway. The number of lights visible could then be converted to a distance to give the RVR. This is known as the human observer method and can still be used as a fall-back.

Today most airports use instrumented runway visual range (IRVR), which is measured by devices called scatterometers which provide simplified installation as they are integrated units and can be installed as a single unit(s) at a critical location along the runway or transmissometers which are installed at one side of a runway close to its edge. Normally three transmissometers are provided, one at each end of the runway and one at the midpoint. In the US, Forward Scatter RVRs are replacing transmissometers at most airports. According to the US Federal Aviation Administration: "There are approximately 279 RVR systems in the NAS, of which 242 are forward scatter NG RVR Systems and 34 are older Transmissometer Systems."

Data reliability
Because IRVR data are localized information, the values obtained are not necessarily a reliable guide to what a pilot can actually expect to see. This can easily be demonstrated when obscuration such as fog is variable, different values can apply simultaneously at the same physical point.

For example, a 2000 m runway could have reported touchdown, midpoint and rollout IRVR values of 700m, 400m and 900 m. If the actual RVR at the touchdown point (300 m from the threshold) is 700 m as reported, then a pilot could expect to see the light 700 m away, at the runway midpoint. If the pilot taxies to the midpoint and looks back through the same air mass, he or she must also be able to see the light at the touchdown point, but since the midpoint RVR is reported as 400 m, a light 700 m away must be invisible. Similarly, looking forward he or she cannot see the light in the rollout area, but according to the rollout RVR of 900m, the light there is visible and has already been so for the last 200 m.

Usage
RVR is used as one of the main criteria for minima on instrument approaches, as in most cases a pilot must obtain visual reference of the runway to land an aircraft. The maximum RVR range is 2,000 metres or 6,000 feet, above which it is not significant and thus does not need to be reported. RVRs are provided in METARs and are transmitted by air traffic controllers to aircraft making approaches to allow pilots to assess whether it is prudent and legal to make an approach.

RVR is also the main criterion used to determine the category of visual aids that are installed at an airport. The International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO stipulates in its Annex 14 that for RVR values above 550 m, CAT I lighting shall be installed, if RVR is between 300 m and 549 m then CAT II lighting is required. CAT IIIa is installed for RVR values between 175 m and 300 m. CAT IIIb is required for RVR values between 50 m and 175 m while there is no RVR limitation for CAT IIIc visual aids.

title: Runway visual range


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Thunderbolt (Kennywood)

Thunderbolt, previously known as Pippin, is a wooden roller coaster located at Kennywood amusement park in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania. It was originally built and designed by John A. Miller and opened in 1924. It was later renovated for the 1968 season, which involved a major track expansion designed by Andy Vettel. It reopened to the public as Thunderbolt. It is partially known for being one of the few rides at Kennywood to require a partner.

Pippin
In 1924, Pippin opened with trains by Miller and Baker. The original trains were replaced by three Century Flyer trains built by the National Amusement Device Company in 1958, which remain in operation today on Thunderbolt.

Thunderbolt
The Pippin roller coaster was expanded and partially rebuilt as Thunderbolt in 1968. Most of the ride was left intact except for the double dip, station, and station turn-around to the first hill, which were removed for the addition of the new front helix hills. The four original drops down a ravine were incorporated in the Andy Vettel-designed Thunderbolt coaster.

In 1969, a small "speed bump" hill was removed from the inner helix near the loading station. Thunderbolt was rated the #1 roller coaster by the New York Times in 1974.

On May 16, 1968, a 15-year old boy from Greensburg died after a fall from the roller coaster. The exact cause of death was stated to be under investigation but has never been confirmed.

In 1991, the tunnel located at the end of the first dip was removed, allowing for a view of Steel Phantom. In 1998, for Kennywood's 100th anniversary, the headlights on the front of the trains were restored when the trains themselves were refurbished.

In 1999, an accident occurred when operators failed to brake the train coming into the station, causing a collision with the train being loaded. Thirty people were injured in the crash. After the accident, the headlights on the cars were removed.

Renovation of Phantom's Revenge resulted in Thunderbolt being closed for a few weeks in 2001 so that the new ride could be built through the structure. Phantom's Revenge retains Steel Phantom's drop through Thunderbolt's structure.

Ride experience
Thunderbolt follows the surrounding terrain with a track length of 3,250 ft. Its maximum height is 70 ft, but because of the track layout and the natural ravines, the maximum drop is 90 ft. Reaching a maximum speed of 55 mph, the ride takes 1 minute and 40 seconds to complete its circuit.

A unique feature of Thunderbolt is that after departing from the station, the train does not immediately ascend the lift hill like most coasters. Instead, it enters the first drop, with the lift hill being located in the middle of the ride after the second drop. After the lift hill, riders descend a 90 ft long drop. After this drop is a tight bend which results in the rider on the right being pushed into the rider on the left due to the lack of a seat divider. After this, riders experience several turns and hills before returning to the station.

Awards and rankings
Thunderbolt is an ACE Coaster Classic and Coaster Landmark.

title: Thunderbolt (Kennywood)


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Kathleen Brennan

Kathleen Patricia Brennan (born 1955) is an Irish-American musician, songwriter, record producer, and artist. She is known for her work as a co-writer, producer, and influence on the work of her husband Tom Waits.

Biography
Brennan was born in Cork, Ireland and grew up in Johnsburg, Illinois in the US, after her family moved there when she was young. Brennan and Waits first met in 1978 when Waits made his acting debut in Paradise Alley while Brennan was a scriptwriter, and then again during production of the Francis Ford Coppola film One from the Heart. At the time, Brennan worked at the American Zoetrope studio as a script analyst, while Waits composed the score for One from the Heart. According to Waits, they met on New Year's Eve.

Waits dedicated his 1980 song "Jersey Girl" to Brennan, and they were married later that year in the Always Forever Wedding Chapel. After they married, Brennan encouraged Waits to become his own producer.

Brennan is generally regarded as the catalyst for Waits' shift towards more experimental sound beginning with the 1983 album Swordfishtrombones,  which Waits produced on a dare from Brennan. Her first co-writing credit appears on Rain Dogs in 1985 for "Hang Down Your Head", and by 1992 she was his main producer and constant song-writing partner; her record collection introduced him to the music of Captain Beefheart. Her work includes co-writing and collaboration on the albums Franks Wild Years (1987), Alice (2002), and Blood Money (2002), as well as the musicals The Black Rider (1989) and Woyzeck (2000).

Waits has described Brennan as "a remarkable collaborator.... She's bold, inventive and fearless. That's who you wanna go in the woods with, right? Somebody who finishes your sentences for you." Waits has also said: "She doesn't like the limelight, but she's an incandescent presence on all songs we work on together." In 2008, Waits described their collaboration as "one person holds the nail and the other one swings the hammer". In 2020, Brennan described Waits' songs as either "grim reapers" or "grand weepers".

In 2023, Waits and Brennan oversaw reissues of remastered versions of Swordfishtrombones, Rain Dogs, Frank's Wild Years, Bone Machine, and The Black Rider. The remasters used original master tapes and were marketed as "The Island Years", because they were originally released on Island Records.

Honors and awards
In 2015, Brennan and Waits were honored as part of the This Is Dedicated: Music's Greatest Marriages show by Jarrod Spector and Kelli Barrett.

In 2016, Brennan was honored, along with Waits and John Prine, at The Song Lyrics of Literary Excellence Awards from PEN New England. The event was hosted by the JFK Library; during the event Colum McCann honored the creative partnership of Brennan and Waits, stating, "The world as we have it is their lucky anthem. They fling it open with their lives and a few strings and a voice that was somehow scratched by heaven.".

Personal life
Brennan and Waits live in northern California with their three children.

title: Kathleen Brennan


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Talk:Trymskvida

Is there any particular reason this redirect isn't working? --DybrarH 21:04, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trymskvida


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Talk:Dawson City

Name of Dawson City
Dawson City's official name is, oddly enough, the "Town of the City of Dawson", as it is incorporated as a town. That's what it says on the sign when you enter the town. See for the history,  for legislation referring to the town, and a CBC news story  which all use "the Town of the City of Dawson"

I think it originally was incorporated as a city and got downgraded; other instances of this happened to various boomtowns in BC (those that weren't company towns, that is, which didn't have governments). A famous example that didn't is Greenwood, near Rock Creek, which retains its city status despite having a population less than 500-1000 today.Skookum1 07:18, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

 * To those that may have seen me edit the town's official legal name, while the above may have been the case at one point, the official legal name has been "City of Dawson" since at least the 2001 Municipal Act coming into force. See section 15(2)(b) of the Municipal Act (page 24), which is now also reflected on the town's website, its council agendas and minutes, and its municipal seal. Cheers, Hwy43 (talk) 06:53, 8 December 2020 (UTC)

"List of Notable Dawsonites" section
OK, other than the famous names like Diamond Tooth Gertie and Skookum Jim and Robert Service so on, but there are others who either set up shop in the place, and those raised there, that are of importance. The big city pages all have "famous people from XXXX" - why not Dawson's?Skookum1 07:18, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

 * How about a mention of Joe and Annie Henry? --Weetoddid (talk) 01:20, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

First Nations section needed
....Just because I've been working on Indigenous Peoples of North America WikiProject and happened to have just compiled a list of Yukon, Denendeh/NWT and Nunavut band/national governments. There should be at least some FN content on the main Dawson page, you'd think (equal time for the crazy prospector/miner element, too, though...)Skookum1 07:21, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Missing?
The casino and the music festival should probably be mentioned, no? -- TheMightyQuill 07:49, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Rename page
move.
 * Rename: Dawson City, Yukon → Dawson City

This seems to be the primary usage of this term, and other subjects using this title are not likely to have articles written about them on Wikipedia; if so, the city should stil retain the undisambiguated title. (There is a 1970s/80s band from Toronto with that name, and an old naval vessel that is now a shipwreck.) Most other subjects relevant to this title would contain it as part of a larger title, such as Dawson City International Short Film Festival. The undisambiguated title currently redirects to the city. Mind matrix  18:59, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Support as nominator. Mind  matrix  19:01, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Support per CANSTYLE and nominators reasons. -Royalguard11 (T·R!) 21:05, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Support per CANSTYLE. DigitalC (talk) 03:22, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Support as per the naming convention and primary usage. Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:30, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

Bus service
Is there scheduled bus service between Dawson City and Whitehorse? 209.196.230.72 (talk) 15:28, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

Three Great Fires
There were three, I remember reading in Berton's Klondike. 1898, 1901 and 1903 stick in my brain but I don't have a citation or source handy. I want to add them to the List of fires page but there's nothing here about them, and I'm not sure of the dates;p and there certainly should be accounts of each of them here; the nightmarish quality of the first one, with water frozen in the hoses and no way to put it out, and no food left in town (having all been burned), is scary to contemplate....Skookum1 (talk) 07:13, 23 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Try this.  PK  T (alk)  13:14, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20041026231818/http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/yt/dawson/index_e.asp to http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/yt/dawson/index_e.asp

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Visible minority section makes no sense
The census shows there are 10 black people in the city, no other minorities, yet... 15 minorities in total. Alex of Canada (talk) 20:04, 2 February 2018 (UTC)
 * That was what was in the Statistics Canada source. That question would have best been asked to them. It was outdated data anyways and the section is now updated to the 2016 data. Air.light (talk) 19:04, 5 August 2018 (UTC)

__NEWSECTIONLINK__

Arts and Culture

 * Klondike Institute of Art and Culture.

 * Yukon Riverside Arts Festival.

 * Dawson City Music Festival.

Yanick jr (talk) 18:58, 13 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Dawson City International Short Film Festival.

title: Talk:Dawson City


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/HeadxTrauma

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 03:16, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

HeadxTrauma
Yet another garage band. ~35 Google hits --Xcali 21:04, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Why is there a problem with that? well if looks lackluster it's because i've yet to finish the biography but hey whatever!-author of the page
 * Delete. Yet another example of why band vanity should be subject to speedy deletion. -- BD2412 talk 21:40, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)
 * Note to page author - it's not the lackluster (actually, it loos better than some stubs I've seen for legit topics). It's because a garage band does not belong in an encyclopedia. There are 6+ billion people in the world, so there are probably about 100,000,000 garage bands. If we had that many articles, the thing would be unsearchable, so we only have articles on the ones that are notable. Hey, maybe we should have a separate wiki for bands (we do for some other topics, e.g. Star Wars). Put that together, and your band can be in it. -- BD2412 talk 21:43, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)
 * Delete band vanity. --Etacar11 00:06, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

WIKIBAND SITE!!..Genius my Friend..now who would i contact about that??-author of the page
 * You could look into http://www.dreamhost.com, they'll set you up.Ashibaka (tock) 15:14, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete band vanity. JamesBurns 10:08, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * delete Ashibaka (tock) 15:14, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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The Outcast (Star Trek: The Next Generation)

"The Outcast" is the 117th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. It is the seventeenth episode of the fifth season.

In this episode, Riker falls in love with Soren, a member of an androgynous race which finds gender specificity unacceptable.

Plot
The Enterprise is contacted by a humanoid race called the J'naii. They are a race who have no gender. They ask the crew for help in finding a shuttle which has gone missing. It is theorized that the shuttle disappeared into a pocket of null space. This is a pocket of space which drains energy rapidly. In short order, a rescue mission is planned, for which Riker volunteers to pilot a shuttle to retrieve the shuttle crew. A member of the J'naii named Soren insists on accompanying Riker, acting as a co-pilot. Soren proves to be a good pilot. Riker and Soren share a meal and become more comfortable with each other. They are interrupted by another J'naii, and Soren leaves quickly.

While the pair is charting the null space, the shuttle is damaged, and Soren is injured. While being treated by Dr. Crusher, Soren asks her several questions about female gender identification. While Soren and Riker work on the shuttle, Soren confesses that she is attracted to Riker and states that she has a female gender identity. Soren explains that the J'naii are an androgynous species that view the expression of any sort of male or female gender, and especially sexual liaisons, as a sexual perversion. According to their official doctrine, the J'naii had evolved beyond gender and thus view the idea of male/female sexuality as primitive. Those among the J'naii who view themselves as possessing gender are ridiculed, outcast, and forced to undergo "psychotectic therapy" – a form of conversion therapy meant to remediate gender-specificity and allow acceptance back into J'naii society.

The relationship between Riker and Soren grows and is eventually discovered. Soren is put on trial, but before she answers to the charges, Riker bursts in and attempts to take the blame for the situation. Soren foils his attempt and proceeds to passionately defend herself and express her outrage at what their society does to those who express male or female identities. J'naii diplomats force Soren to undergo psychotectic therapy, citing reformed citizens' newfound happiness and desire to be "normal". Riker's emotions and love for Soren grow and he decides that he cannot leave Soren to this fate. He tries to explain the situation to Picard, who is sympathetic to Riker but says that he cannot sanction a rescue mission as it violates the Prime Directive, not to mention Riker throwing away his career. Worf visits Riker in his quarters and offers to go with him on an "unannounced visit" to rescue Soren, since he is unwilling to let Riker face the task alone. When Riker and Worf beam down to the planet to rescue Soren, he realizes that the therapy has already been performed. Soren refuses to go with him, claiming that she is now happy and was sick during her affair with Riker. Soren apologizes to Riker, who returns dejectedly to the Enterprise with Worf.

Background
Given the Star Trek franchise's groundbreaking history in including racially diverse characters and scenarios, many in the LGBT community felt that The Next Generation (TNG) was overdue to include characters and issues that related to LGBT rights. After an earlier TNG episode that featured parallels to the AIDS crisis was shelved, "The Outcast" was intended to be the episode that finally acknowledged non-heterosexual relationships. Before he died, franchise creator Gene Roddenberry had expressed support for having LGBT characters being written onto the series. While no such characters were officially included, this episode was designed to comment on sexual identity-based prejudice.

The episode was met with both praise and criticism from the LGBT community. In the case of the latter, criticism came from people who felt that it sanctioned the brainwashing therapy to which Soren was subjected, and others who felt that the creative staff abdicated their responsibility to explore the issue. Some thought the episode too timid, using allegory in lieu of explicitly acknowledging gay relationship, while others critiqued the scenario of a genderless world where heterosexuality was persecuted as the epitome of conservative fears.

Actor Jonathan Frakes, who played Riker, mused that Soren could have been more male-like, and thought a man should have been cast in the role.

Reception
In 2017, Den of Geek ranked this episode as one of top 25 "must watch" episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation.


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Justyna Steczkowska

Justyna Maria Steczkowska (born August 2, 1972) is a Polish singer, songwriter, photographer, and actress.

Biography
She was raised in a large and musically inclined family. She has five sisters (Agata, Krystyna, Magdalena, Maria, Cecylia) and three brothers (Paweł, Jacek, Marcin), and played violin in a family band before becoming a solo singer. She has a four-octave vocal range.

Steczkowska came to prominence in 1994 when she won a television talent show A Chance for Success with her performance of Maanam's song "Buenos Aires". She represented Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1995 with the song "Sama" ("Alone"), finishing in 18th place. Steczkowska is a recipient of numerous awards including six Fryderyk Awards and a Bronze Gloria Artis Medal for Merit to Culture. She starred in two films: Billboard and Na koniec świata ("To the End of the World").

She was a runner-up in season six of the Polish version of Dancing with the Stars in 2007, and co-hosted the Polish version of Dancing on Ice in 2008.

She was a coach on The Voice of Poland in seasons 2, 4–5, and 12–14, and two of her contestants won in the competition.

In 2024, she finished second in Poland's national selection for Eurovision 2024 with the song "Witch-er Tarohoro".

title: Justyna Steczkowska


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File:Idlewild - Warnings-Promises.jpg

Summary
The album cover of Warnings/Promises from Idlewild, released 2005.

title: File:Idlewild - Warnings-Promises.jpg


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Rogiet

Rogiet (Rhosied) is a small village and community (and electoral ward) in Monmouthshire, south east Wales, between Caldicot and Magor, 8 mi west of Chepstow and 11 mi east of Newport, which covers an area of 847 ha. It lies close to the M4 and M48 motorways, and the Second Severn Crossing. It has a railway station named Severn Tunnel Junction. Rogiet only has a population of 1,813 (2011).

In the village is Rogiet Primary School, a 210-place school for pupils aged between 4 and 11 years. The school moved to a new, eco-friendly building in November 2009.

History
The village adjoins the Caldicot Levels. Its name is of uncertain derivation, and was formerly spelled Roggiatt, Roggiett or Roggiet. The first known lord of the manor was Godfrey de Gamage, who married Joan, the daughter of Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, known as "Strongbow", in the 12th century.

The Church of St Mary, Rogiet is the parish church, which in earlier centuries was dedicated to St. Hilary. Much of the church dates from about the 14th century, and it was restored in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Arrival of the railway
The South Wales Railway, now the Gloucester to Newport line, was opened through Rogiet in 1850, although the nearest station was two miles away, at Portskewett.

A junction station was built at Rogiet to serve the new Severn Tunnel, that opened in 1886. This Severn Tunnel Junction station was in operation for tunnel works traffic by 1883 and as a functional station by 1885 although it is unclear if it was open to the public at this date, before the official opening of the tunnel in 1886. The sidings of the new station were built on the Caldicot Levels, using spoil excavated from the cutting into the tunnel. The name 'Rogiet Station' appears on several contemporary maps, although these are always in conjunction with a planned station, as the junction for the new tunnel line. There is no evidence for a station before this date, or for a constructed station ever having been called 'Rogiet Station'.

The station developed an importance out of all proportion to the size of the village, owing to the South Wales coal traffic and the large marshalling yard, the largest and most important on the GWR. This in turn required engine sheds of proportionate size, housing around 70 engines in 1939.

The presence of the station became a catalyst for the growth of the village. The censuses of 1851, 1861 & 1871 show the main employment to be agricultural, with a few working in the limestone quarries at Ifton, but no railway workers. The parish population increased from 84 in 1881 to 122 in 1891. The first new building was the construction of red-brick bookend terraces: Ifton Terrace, Railway Terrace and Seaview Terrace, all still extant today. These were followed by the village's only building of note, other than the church, its only pub the Roggiett Hotel. This was a relatively large pub for such a small village, and operated as an active hotel, mostly serving the farming trade at the cattle market. It has been closed since 2008, leaving the village without a pub. A school was also built and by 1891 a post office had opened.

A major phase of housing expansion took place after World War I, increasing by three times to World War II. Half of this growth, 94 houses, was due to the Severn Tunnel Garden Village Society, constituted in 1924, whose membership was limited to railwaymen. Population increased from 136 in 1921 to 234 in the 1931 census. Many railwaymen still commuted from the other local villages though, and over a thousand worked at Severn Tunnel Junction by the outbreak of World War II.

Decline of the railway
The rapid rate of growth decreased after the war, and population only increased from 1,137 in 1951 to 1,347 in 1971. This was particularly affected by the withdrawal of steam power on the railway in the 1960s, and the resultant reduction in the staff needed at the locomotive sheds. Some of the younger railwaymen found employment at the expanding Llanwern steelworks. Many of the older railwaymen retired, encouraged by security of tenancy for the desirable Garden Village housing. This gave Rogiet a population in 1966 that consisted of 40% retirees, with an unusually elderly population in the 1960s and 1970s, leading in turn to a low provision of schools and other amenities, although a thriving allotment society continues to this day. The local birthrate fell by over 50% in the 15 years from 1946 to the 1961 census.

The village underwent major expansion in the later 20th century, following the development of nearby Caldicot, Undy and Magor as dormitory villages. With the development of the Severn Bridges, the number of commuters by road to Bristol also increased.

The land occupied by half of the old marshalling yard, to the West of the road across it, is now a countryside park.

Demographics
Rogiet community's population was 1,813, according to the 2011 census; an 11.91% increase since the 1,620 people noted in 2001.

The 2011 census showed 15.6% of the population could speak Welsh, the highest percentage in Monmouthshire, a rise from 10.7% in 2001.

Governance
Rogiet is also the name of the electoral ward, coterminous with the community, which elects a county councillor to Monmouthshire County Council.

Since 2008 the ward has been represented by Liberal Democrat, Linda Guppy. Her father, Gerald Robbins, had been an Independent county councillor for Rogiet until the 2004 elections. Between 2004 and 2008 the ward was represented by the Labour Party.

Rogiet Hoard
In 1998, a large hoard of Roman coins was found which became known as the Rogiet Hoard.

Llanfihangel Rogiet
The hamlet and separate parish of Llanfihangel Rogiet (Welsh: Llanfihangel Rhosied) is located immediately west of Rogiet itself, and derives its name from the Welsh name for the church of St. Michael (Llan-f/mihangel). In about 905 there was a dispute between the households of Cyfeilliog, the Bishop of Ergyng and Brochfael ap Meurig, joint king of Gwent. Cyfeilliog was awarded compensation in gold, but Brochfael was unable to pay in this form and instead paid with land at Llanfihangel. The current Church of St Michael and All Angels again dates from about the 14th century, with much later rebuilding, and contains medieval tombs. Unlike Rogiet, Llanfihangel has remained relatively untouched by modern development.

Ifton
The land immediately east of Rogiet once formed the separate small parish of Ifton. Some Roman pottery was discovered at Ifton Manor. The church was pulled down in 1755.

title: Rogiet


text:
Nichols School

Nichols School is a private, non-denominational, co-educational college-preparatory day school in Buffalo, New York, United States. The average enrollment is 570 students with an average Upper School grade/class size of 98 students. The average classroom size is 14 students.

History
Nichols School was founded in 1892 by William Nichols. The school was founded as an all-boys school with its campus on Amherst Street in North Buffalo. After many years of remaining an all boys school, it joined with Nottingham Academy, an all-girls school, becoming a co-ed Middle and Upper School. The Upper School was located on the original campus, and the Middle School was located on Nottingham Terrace. In 2001, a new Middle School building was constructed on the main campus, attaching itself to an older building on campus. That building used to be home to the basketball court and swimming pool, which have been converted into the dance studio and music room, respectively. In addition to the new Middle School facility, two new gyms were built, with squash courts added to accommodate the school's squash team. In 2011, construction was finished on the new mathematics and science building, Center '63. This new building was built to replace Moot Hall, the old math and science building.

Location
Nichols School is located on 30 acre in North Buffalo, within walking distance of the Buffalo Zoo, Delaware Park, and the Albright-Knox Art Gallery. The Nichols campus includes seven separate buildings linked by tree-lined sidewalks and an indoor passageway. The campus consolidation project, completed in August 2001, joined the Middle and Upper school divisions. Each division has separate academic buildings, and shares dining, athletic, and performing arts facilities.

Students
Students are from the general Buffalo area, commuting from as far as Southern Ontario, Batavia, New York, and Ellicottville, New York, an organic expansion of its traditional turf according to Director of Admissions Nina Barone.

Accreditation and honors
Nichols is accredited by the New York State Association of Independent Schools and the New York State Department of Education. It received national recognition in the Secondary School Recognition Program and Exemplary Private School Recognition Program. Nichols is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools.

Nichols, along with other local private schools (including Buffalo Seminary, Canisius High School, and Park School of Buffalo), does not administer Regents exams.

Faculty
Of the faculty at Nichols, 10% have doctoral degrees; 75% have master's degrees; and 14% of the faculty are Nichols graduates. Faculty have an average of 20 years of service and serve as student advisers, coaches, club advisers and mentors.

Athletics
The Upper School conducts an extensive interscholastic athletic program. Most teams have tryouts, mandatory practices and matches after school hours and play in competitive leagues throughout Western New York and Canada.

Offered Sports: Fall: Hockey (Men/Women) Winter: Spring:
 * Soccer (Men/Women)
 * Robotics
 * Cross Country (Men/Women)
 * Volleyball (Women)
 * Football (Men)
 * Field Hockey (Women)
 * Golf (Men)
 * Tennis (Women)
 * Sailing (Co-ed)
 * Physical Education (Co-ed)
 * Hockey (Men/Women)
 * Basketball (Men/Women)
 * Squash (Men/Women)
 * Winter Track (Men/Women)
 * Robotics
 * Physical Education (Co-ed)
 * Lacrosse (Men/Women)
 * Crew (Men/Women)
 * Tennis (Men)
 * Golf (Women)
 * Baseball (Men)
 * Softball (Women)
 * Track & Field (Co-ed)
 * Physical Education (Co-ed)

Intramural sports where anyone can join a team dominate in the Middle School. The number of teams is dictated by the level of interest, practices take place during the daily sports period, and most teams play other local middle schools.

Arts
The 480-seat Flickinger Performing Arts Center is the centerpiece of the performing arts department, while visual arts studios support course offerings in drawing, painting, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video and graphic art.

The arts are promoted as a serious course of study and the school requires that all students engage in some form of participation. Artistic achievement is highlighted not only in plays and exhibitions, but also in morning meetings, where students often share their talents with the rest of the school. Students are encouraged to use the arts as a vehicle through which to find their own voices. In addition to studying and performing the work of renowned artists, original student work is featured on the walls of every building on the campus and on the floorboards of every stage. Students have the opportunity to compose music, write plays, choreograph dances, make their own films or curate their own art opening.

Multiculturalism and international initiatives
Nichols School has four different exchange programs for upper school students: Costa Rica, Spain, France, and China. Nichols students host an international student for three weeks, and then travel abroad and stay with that student and their family for an average of three weeks. While abroad, students attend classes at the hosting institution and travel to historical and cultural sites of importance. Students can participate in more than one exchange: historically, many Spanish students travel to Costa Rica sophomore year and Spain in junior or senior year.

Extracurricular activities
Nichols offers a variety of extracurricular clubs, activities, trips and community service opportunities to students. There are more than 40 upper school campus clubs; clubs from recent years include Anti-Gravity Club, Art Activism for Social Change, BABEL Book Club, Backgammon Club, Broomball Club, Cheese Club, Star Wars Club, Chess Club, Chorus, Community Service Club, Dance Marathon, Drone Club, Fashion Design Club, Feministas, Fight Club, Film Club, Forensics Club, Free Draw Club, French Club, Fundraising Club, Gang Green, Green Key, HEART Club, Investment Club, Jazz Band, Jewish Cultural Awareness Club, Math League, Masterminds, Mock Trial, Model UN, Nordic Sports, Orchestra, Peace Club, Pen Pal Club, Photography Club, Robotics, Science Olympiad, SeeArtRun, Sexuality and Gender Awareness, Ski Club, SEA, Soup Kitchen Club, Student Council, SUMA, VIVE, and Young Democrats, as well as student publications like the Gleaner Literary Magazine, the Viking Gazette, and the school yearbook, the Verdian.

Mock Trial and Model UN participate in local and regional competitions. Anti-Gravity Club, the school's outdoors and climbing club, sponsors multiple trips to the Niagara Climbing Center and Niagara Gorge in addition to an annual winter hiking, cross-country skiing and ice-climbing trip to Keene Valley in the Adirondack Mountains. The Research Scholars Program provides students with the opportunity to engage in independent research projects at local institutions. The Science Scholar program works with SUNY Buffalo, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute. The Humanities Scholar program gives seniors the opportunity to conduct humanities research at SUNY Buffalo. SeeArtRun is an entirely student-run art gallery. Students have the opportunity to display their art in a gallery on campus, and often host gallery openings as popular campus events. SEA, or Students for Environmental Awareness, works with organizations dedicated to providing drinking water and promoting environmental initiatives abroad. SEA also actively promotes environmental programs on campus and in the local community.

Arts

 * Laylah Ali 1986, contemporary visual artist
 * Michael Angelakos 2005, lead singer of Passion Pit
 * Cory Arcangel 1996, artist
 * Nick Bakay 1977, television actor, writer, and producer
 * Nanette Burstein 1988, filmmaker
 * Elizabeth Cappuccino 2013, film and television actor
 * A. R. Gurney 1947, playwright
 * Brigid Hughes 1990, literary editor
 * Karl Koch 1987, recording artist; Weezer webmaster
 * Adam Lippes, fashion designer
 * David Milch 1962, Emmy-nominated television writer and producer
 * John Michael Montias, art historian
 * Brian Sacca 1997, actor and screenwriter
 * David Shire 1955, composer
 * John Wray 1989, novelist
 * Suzi Yoonessi 1996(?), filmmaker

Athletics

 * Peter Ciavaglia 1987, NHL player
 * Jeff Farkas 1996, NHL player
 * Les Kuntar 1987, NHL player
 * Christian Laettner 1988, NBA player, widely regarded as one of the best players in NCAA history
 * Chris Mueller 2004, NHL player
 * Brooks Orpik 1998, NHL player, Olympic Silver Medalist
 * Ray Peters 1965, MLB player, first round pick in 1970 draft
 * Emily Pfalzer 2011, hockey player, Olympic Gold Medalist United States women's national ice hockey team
 * Emily Regan 2006, rower, Olympic Gold Medalist
 * Hayley Scamurra 2013, hockey player, United States women's national ice hockey team
 * Ryan Sittler 1992, NHL first round draft pick
 * Bobby Shuttleworth 2004, MLS goalkeeper
 * Scott Thomas 1989, NHL player
 * Ward Wettlaufer 1954, amateur golfer

Business

 * Anson Conger Goodyear, businessman, philanthropist, author, founder of the Museum of Modern Art
 * Robert T. Grieves 1972, Chairman of the American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong
 * Arthur Hayes, entrepreneur, and co-founder and former CEO of cryptocurrency exchange BitMEX
 * Charlie Jacobs 1990, CEO of Delaware North's Boston Holdings, including the Boston Bruins
 * Jerry Jacobs Jr. 1981, Co-CEO of Delaware North
 * Lou Jacobs 1982, Co-CEO of Delaware North
 * Robert E. Rich, Jr. 1959, Chairman of Rich Products Corporation
 * Sameera Fazili 1996, Deputy director of the National Economic Council (United States)

Politics

 * Piper Campbell 1984, United States Ambassador to Mongolia
 * William H. Donaldson 1949, chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
 * Edward Rath III, member of the New York State Senate

Science

 * Eric Berlow 1984, ecologist, entrepreneur
 * Michael Roizen, MD 1963, Chief Wellness Officer at the Cleveland Clinic, Cofounder of RealAge, Inc., TV guest expert and best-selling author

title: Nichols School


text: Category:Czech singers

title: Category:Czech singers


text:
User:Jammydodger/constitunecies

St. George
Votes: 50 Seat: safe conservative

Despit a huge serge in the 'poor vote', it has mostly uneffected St. George, with the Tories remainly safely in the seat.

March 2004
Swing n/a

September 2004
5.2% from Conservative to Labour 6.9% from Conservative to Liberal 0.7% from Labour to Liberal

November 2004
3.5% from Labour to Conservative 3.0% from Liberal to Conservative 0.5% from Labour to Liberal

February 2005
3.5% from Labour to Conservative 3.0% from Liberal to Conservative 0.5% from Labour to Liberal

title: User:Jammydodger/constitunecies


text:
Hang Ten

"hang ten" is a nickname for any of several maneuvers used in sports, especially surfing, wherein all ten toes or fingers are used to accomplish the maneuver.

 * surfing: the surfer stands and hangs all their toes over the nose of the board. Usually this can only be done on a heavy longboard.
 * basketball: the basketball player dunks the ball and hangs onto the hoop.
 * BMX: a flatland move.
 * Jiu Jitsu: any of an infinite number, of grips, chokes, escapes, or maneuvers where play involves all toes touching the mat or all ten fingers gripping Gi or swimming to some void somewhere to create or escape a dominant position. Gripping Gi
 * skateboarding: a nose manual named after the surfing maneuver.

title: Hang Ten


text:
Deviot

Deviot may refer to:

 * Deviot, Tasmania, a village in the West Tamar Council
 * Deviot Sailing Club, Tasmania
 * A character in Power Rangers

title: Deviot


text:
Category:Peers of Great Britain

Please do not add people to this category; add them to the respective subcategory (Category:Viscounts in the Peerage of Great Britain, for example).

title: Category:Peers of Great Britain


text:
1936 in Norwegian football

Class A of local association leagues
Class A of local association leagues (kretsserier) is the predecessor of a national league competition.

Final

 * Replay

National team
Sources:

title: 1936 in Norwegian football


text:
User:Impetus~enwiki

Hello. I am new to Wikipedia, but I hope to make many contributions. Feel free to offer comments and suggestions on my talk page!

I am also Impetus on Vicipædia.

Pages I have started

 * The Language Police
 * Asspen

title: User:Impetus~enwiki


text: Category:Dukes in the Peerage of Great Britain


text:
Plum Bun

Plum Bun: A Novel Without a Moral is a novel by Jessie Redmon Fauset first published in 1928. Written by an African-American woman who, during the 1920s, was the literary editor of The Crisis, it is often seen as an important contribution to the Harlem Renaissance.

Synopsis
Overtly conventional through its employment of elements and techniques of traditional genres such as the romance or the fairy tale, Plum Bun at the same time transgresses these genres by its depiction, and critique, of racism, sexism and capitalism. The heroine, a young, light-skinned African-American woman called Angela Murray, leaves behind her past and passes for white in order to be able to attain fulfilment in life. Only after she has lived among white Americans does she find out that crossing the racial barrier is not enough for a woman like herself to realize her full potential. The detailed description of her coming of age makes Plum Bun a classic Bildungsroman.

Understanding Plum Bun's title
Plum Bun, Fauset's second novel, was difficult to place; her first publisher Boni & Liveright, declined to publish it. Her agency, Brandt & Brandt eventually placed the book at the British publisher Charles Elkin Matthews in 1928, and Frederick A. Stokes published the US edition in 1929. The title, Plum Bun, illustrates some of the forces which drive the novel's main character Angela Murray. The novel's epigraph quotes the nursery rhyme from which the title is taken: "To market, to market / to buy a plum bun / Home again, home again / Market is done". A plum bun itself, which may be similar to the English Chelsea Roll and the American Cinnamon Roll, is a sweet pastry made of white flour, in which deeply colored currants, raisins, or prunes (plums) are baked. The use of the term "plum bun" is also a sexual innuendo as a plum bun can also be read as "an attractive piece".

Angela must come to grips with her colored and white racial heritage, as well as with her femininity (stereotypically seen as sweetness), before she achieves psychological wholeness. Although African-American women were typed in popular song as "a little brown sugar" or a "jellyroll", Angela had to cease thinking of herself as a purveyor of feminine sweetness for sale, and instead step into new roles with inherent value.

Autobiographical elements
The novel's plot and characters include many autobiographical elements. In Fauset's actual family was part of the Philadelphia black middle class, and although well-respected and well-connected in the African-American community, they were prohibited from public places such as hospitals, restaurants and stores by widely accepted Jim Crow policies. Other autobiographical elements include growing up in a suburb of Philadelphia, being the only African-American student in a white school, and discovering Philadelphia's racist policies for hiring public school teachers (a black teacher could not teach white students ). Fauset, like her main characters, moved to Harlem during the peak of the Harlem Renaissance (in 1919 ) and heard W. E. B. du Bois (in the novel he is named Van Meier ) speak.

Plot
The novel's plot concerns two sisters, Virginia and Angela Murray, who grow up in Philadelphia in a home rich with African-American culture. Angela, like her mother Mattie, is light skinned and able to “pass” in white society, while Virginia and her father Junius's darker complexion places them on the other side of the color line. Virginia grows up refusing to bow to racist pressures; rather she accepts who she is. Angela, on the other hand, tries repeatedly to gain acceptance by assuming a white mask, but each time it seems that success and friendship are hers, her ethnicity is exposed and she is stripped of everything she cares about.

The deaths of her parents and the racism of Philadelphia society cause Angela to leave for New York City, where she decides to fully hide her African-American heritage. She gains acceptance in an elite artistic circle perhaps inspired by the 1920s Greenwich Village avant-garde. She begins a romantic relationship with Roger, a young white man who seems to move among New York's "Four Hundred", the social elite. Their relationship, however, is based in several deceptions. In one of the novel's most important scenes, Angela's sister is newly arrived at Pennsylvania Station from Philadelphia. Angela, who has come to the station to meet her sister, sees her lover. Aware that his racism will cause him to reject her, she brushes by her darker-complected sister, leaving her standing alone in the crowd. Angela's and Roger's deceptions of each other and of themselves lie also in their use of each other for personal gain: Angela seeks Roger's financial comfort; Roger seeks the convenience of sex without having to introduce his new find to his father, whose deep concern is for his future daughter-in-law's pedigree. Roger's abandonment of Angela, the unmasking, to Angela, of his solely sexual intentions, and the mistreatment of Miss Powell, a young artist of African-American heritage, lead Angela to reveal her racial heritage and lose her standing with several of her acquaintances. However, true friends and her sister urge her to travel to Paris to become an artist, and Anthony, a fellow art school classmate of mixed heritage who watched his father die under the hands of a racist mob in the South, declares his love for Angela. It seems at the end, Anthony and Angela may come to terms with America's racist past and their own brighter future.

The subtitle of the book, A Novel without a Moral, can be understood as follows: once Angela leaves Philadelphia for New York and a traditional African-American home for life on her own, her morality is no longer clearly defined for her. The “moral to the story” is slowly created for the reader and for the main characters as Angela learns and understands the life lessons that New York affords her.

Other novels of passing and the color line

 * Nella Larsen's novel Passing, published in the same year, has a very similar plot: a light-skinned African-American woman pretends to be white and becomes involved with a white supremacist.
 * In her novel Joy, set two generations later, Marsha Hunt's eponymous heroine, herself too dark-skinned to pass for white, only associates with white people because she believes that they are superior and that she will find fulfillment in life that way.
 * Another passing narrative is Philip Roth's novel The Human Stain, where a light-skinned man passes in order to be able to join the army during World War II and goes on to live the rest of his life as a Jewish professor.
 * Erskine Caldwell's short story "Saturday Afternoon" depicts a lynching in very much the same way as the story Anthony Cross tells about his father's violent death in Georgia.

title: Plum Bun


text:
People's Justice Party (disambiguation)

People's Justice Party refers to:
 * People's Justice Party (Malaysia)
 * People's Justice Party (UK)
 * People's Justice Party (Germany)

title: People's Justice Party (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Vejle Boldklub

Translating the name to Vejle Football Club is very, very problematic. I cannot imagine that members of VFC (Vejle Fodbold Club) would appreciate the idea. --Troels Nybo 21:12, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Vejle BK.png
Image:Vejle BK.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 02:38, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

The 1950s: A golden decade
Can somebody fix the numbers in this section? It says 25.0000 people what number is that?

Robert (talk) 01:14, 15 December 2013 (UTC)

Updating the language in the article
Following my minor changes there is scope for further change to the vocabulary - for example "best league" is not very meaningful to a native English reader. "Top divison" would be better.

The phrase "the most sovereign winner of the Danish 1. division" does not work in English. Not speaking Danish, I do not want to guess what a better translation would be.

Clogs (talk) 14:58, 5 April 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vejle Boldklub


text:
Talk:Fiat JTD engine

@Chieah Do you have references for your edits? I dont believe that to be true! Cheers :) 17:07, 11 September 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tanis8472 (talk • contribs)

Its just the traditional JTD that GM now own, and not the MultiJet common-rail, right? --Kiand 21:12, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * My reading of the press reports suggests that GM now owns the rights to all post-JV (1999+) technology as well as to the base engine. So this would include the modern JTD.  I'm not sure if Fiat still retains any rights - reports have been contradictory.  I would imagine that they retain pre-JV rights, and probably also get the JV-related work.  --SFoskett 21:24, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * How did GM get all of these rights? Failed merger doesn't really explain it...
 * They didn't. Not according to this press-release from GM Europe, which states both companies retain shared intelectual property of the 1.9 L engine technology and the factory where the 1.3 L engine is built. I interpret this to mean they share property on the injection system. The 1.9 L block belongs to Fiat, as it predates its use of direct injection. The 1.3 L engine block may belong solely to Powertrain. I don't know about the forthcoming 1.6 L. --Pc13 07:53, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * I have a new MultiJet Panda, and I'd not have bought it if I knew GM had engine rights, I have my reasons for seriously disliking them... --Kiand 21:25, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Oh dear! How do you justify not liking GM. Can you tell us/me? I used to dislike FIAT. In my opinion at the time i had good reason to dislike them. I had purchased two brand new cars from them. I now think it a complete waste of time to dislike any motor company based on one persons experience. They all provide a means to an end and are in a lot of cases very likeable.

All hp values are actually for PS. --Pc13 13:42, 2005 Jun 23 (UTC)

Copyvio?
http://www.carpages.co.uk/alfa_romeo/alfa_romeo_diesels_in_the_uk_part_2_26_03_03.asp --— Typ932T 16:55, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

gostaria de saber se o motor 2,3 127cv emite mais poluentes —Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.138.36.55 (talk) 01:14, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

There's also a version of the 1st-generation 1.3 Multijet with 85PS (62kW) that uses a variable-geometry turbocharger - I have one in my Fiat Doblo and was wondering whether it has been used elsewhere. OK to add? Nkh08 (talk) 13:05, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on JTD engine. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120325223100/http://www.gmpowertrain.com/EuropeVehicleEngines/IntroductionEurope.aspx to http://gmpowertrain.com/EuropeVehicleEngines/IntroductionEurope.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 14:26, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

Suzuki 0.8L DDiS
The 0.8L DDiS is not a Multijet variant, it was developed solely by Suzuki, it uses an all aluminum construction. Siddhesh2205 (talk) 05:15, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fiat JTD engine