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Critical point (mathematics)

In mathematics, a critical point is the argument of a function where the function derivative is zero (or undefined, as specified below). The value of the function at a critical point is a critical value.

More specifically, when dealing with functions of a real variable, a critical point, also known as a stationary point, is a point in the domain of the function where the function derivative is equal to zero (or where the function is not differentiable). Similarly, when dealing with complex variables, a critical point is a point in the function's domain where its derivative is equal to zero (or the function is not not holomorphic). Likewise, for a function of several real variables, a critical point is a value in its domain where the gradient norm is equal to zero (or undefined).

This sort of definition extends to differentiable maps between $\R^m$ and $\R^n,$ a critical point being, in this case, a point where the rank of the Jacobian matrix is not maximal. It extends further to differentiable maps between differentiable manifolds, as the points where the rank of the Jacobian matrix decreases. In this case, critical points are also called bifurcation points. In particular, if $C$ is a plane curve, defined by an implicit equation $f (x,y) = 0$, the critical points of the projection onto the $x$-axis, parallel to the $y$-axis are the points where the tangent to $C$ are parallel to the $y$-axis, that is the points where $\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}(x,y)=0$. In other words, the critical points are those where the implicit function theorem does not apply.

Critical point of a single variable function
A critical point of a function of a single real variable, $f (x)$, is a value $x0$ in the domain of $f$ where $f$ is not differentiable or its derivative is 0 (i.e. $f'(x_0) = 0$). A critical value is the image under $f$ of a critical point. These concepts may be visualized through the graph of $f$: at a critical point, the graph has a horizontal tangent if you can assign one at all.

Notice how, for a differentiable function, critical point is the same as stationary point.

Although it is easily visualized on the graph (which is a curve), the notion of critical point of a function must not be confused with the notion of critical point, in some direction, of a curve (see below for a detailed definition). If $g(x, y)$ is a differentiable function of two variables, then $g(x,y) = 0$ is the implicit equation of a curve. A critical point of such a curve, for the projection parallel to the $y$-axis (the map $(x, y) → x$), is a point of the curve where $$\tfrac {\partial g}{\partial y}(x,y)=0.$$ This means that the tangent of the curve is parallel to the $y$-axis, and that, at this point, g does not define an implicit function from $x$ to $y$ (see implicit function theorem). If $(x0, y0)$ is such a critical point, then $x0$ is the corresponding critical value. Such a critical point is also called a bifurcation point, as, generally, when $x$ varies, there are two branches of the curve on a side of $x0$ and zero on the other side.

It follows from these definitions that a differentiable function $f (x)$ has a critical point $x0$ with critical value $y0$, if and only if $(x0, y0)$ is a critical point of its graph for the projection parallel to the $x$-axis, with the same critical value y$0$. If $f$ is not differentiable at $x0$ due to the tangent becoming parallel to the $y$-axis, then $x0$ is again a critical point of $f$, but now $(x0, y0)$ is a critical point of its graph for the projection parallel to $y$-axis.

For example, the critical points of the unit circle of equation $$x^2 + y^2 - 1 = 0$$ are (0, 1) and (0, -1) for the projection parallel to the $x$-axis, and (1, 0) and (-1, 0) for the direction parallel to the $y$-axis. If one considers the upper half circle as the graph of the function $$f(x)= \sqrt{1-x^2},$$ then $x = 0$ is a critical point with critical value 1 due to the derivative being equal to 0, and $x = ±1$ are critical points with critical value 0 due to the derivative being undefined.

Examples

 * The function $$f(x) = x^2 + 2x + 3$$ is differentiable everywhere, with the derivative $$f'(x)=2x+2.$$ This function has a unique critical point −1, because it is the unique number $x0$ for which $$2x+2=0.$$ This point is a global minimum of $f$. The corresponding critical value is $$f(-1) = 2.$$ The graph of $f$ is a concave up parabola, the critical point is the abscissa of the vertex, where the tangent line is horizontal, and the critical value is the ordinate of the vertex and may be represented by the intersection of this tangent line and the $y$-axis.
 * The function $$f(x) = x^{2/3}$$ is defined for all $x$ and differentiable for $x ≠ 0$, with the derivative $$f'(x) = \tfrac{2x^{-1/3}}{3}.$$ Since $f$ is not differentiable at $x = 0$ and $$f'(x)\neq 0$$ otherwise, it is the unique critical point. The graph of the function $f$ has a cusp at this point with vertical tangent. The corresponding critical value is $$f(0)=0.$$
 * The absolute value function $$f(x) = |x|$$ is differentiable everywhere except at critical point $x = 0$, where it has a global minimum point, with critical value 0.
 * The function $$f(x) = \tfrac{1}{x}$$ has no critical points. The point $x = 0$ is not a critical point because it is not included in the function's domain.

Location of critical points
By the Gauss–Lucas theorem, all of a polynomial function's critical points in the complex plane are within the convex hull of the roots of the function. Thus for a polynomial function with only real roots, all critical points are real and are between the greatest and smallest roots.

Sendov's conjecture asserts that, if all of a function's roots lie in the unit disk in the complex plane, then there is at least one critical point within unit distance of any given root.

Critical points of an implicit curve
Critical points play an important role in the study of plane curves defined by implicit equations, in particular for sketching them and determining their topology. The notion of critical point that is used in this section, may seem different from that of previous section. In fact it is the specialization to a simple case of the general notion of critical point given below.

Thus, we consider a curve $C$ defined by an implicit equation $$f(x,y)=0$$, where $f$ is a differentiable function of two variables, commonly a bivariate polynomial. The points of the curve are the points of the Euclidean plane whose Cartesian coordinates satisfy the equation. There are two standard projections $$\pi_y$$ and $$\pi_x$$, defined by $$\pi_y ((x,y))=x$$ and $$\pi_x ((x,y))=y,$$ that map the curve onto the coordinate axes. They are called the projection parallel to the y-axis and the projection parallel to the x-axis, respectively.

A point of $C$ is critical for $$\pi_y$$, if the tangent to $C$ exists and is parallel to the y-axis. In that case, the images by $$\pi_y$$ of the critical point and of the tangent are the same point of the x-axis, called the critical value. Thus a point of $C$ is critical for $$\pi_y$$ if its coordinates are a solution of the system of equations:

 * $$f(x,y)=\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}(x,y)=0$$

This implies that this definition is a special case of the general definition of a critical point, which is given below.

The definition of a critical point for $$\pi_x$$ is similar. If $C$ is the graph of a function $$y=g(x)$$, then $(x, y)$ is critical for $$\pi_x$$ if and only if $x$ is a critical point of $g$, and that the critical values are the same.

Some authors define the critical points of $C$ as the points that are critical for either $$\pi_x$$ or $$\pi_y$$, although they depend not only on $C$, but also on the choice of the coordinate axes. It depends also on the authors if the singular points are considered as critical points. In fact the singular points are the points that satisfy

 * $$f(x,y)=\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}(x,y)=\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}(x,y)=0$$,

and are thus solutions of either system of equations characterizing the critical points. With this more general definition, the critical points for $$\pi_y$$ are exactly the points where the implicit function theorem does not apply.

Use of the discriminant
When the curve $C$ is algebraic, that is when it is defined by a bivariate polynomial $f$, then the discriminant is a useful tool to compute the critical points.

Here we consider only the projection $$\pi_y$$; Similar results apply to $$\pi_x$$ by exchanging $x$ and $y$.

Let $$\operatorname{Disc}_y(f)$$ be the discriminant of $f$ viewed as a polynomial in $y$ with coefficients that are polynomials in $x$. This discriminant is thus a polynomial in $x$ which has the critical values of $$\pi_y$$ among its roots.

More precisely, a simple root of $$\operatorname{Disc}_y(f)$$ is either a critical value of $$\pi_y$$ such the corresponding critical point is a point which is not singular nor an inflection point, or the $x$-coordinate of an asymptote which is parallel to the $y$-axis and is tangent "at infinity" to an inflection point (inflexion asymptote).

A multiple root of the discriminant correspond either to several critical points or inflection asymptotes sharing the same critical value, or to a critical point which is also an inflection point, or to a singular point.

Several variables
For a function of several real variables, a point $P$ (that is a set of values for the input variables, which is viewed as a point in $\R^n$) is critical if it is a point where the gradient is zero or undefined. The critical values are the values of the function at the critical points.

A critical point (where the function is differentiable) may be either a local maximum, a local minimum or a saddle point. If the function is at least twice continuously differentiable the different cases may be distinguished by considering the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix of second derivatives.

A critical point at which the Hessian matrix is nonsingular is said to be nondegenerate, and the signs of the eigenvalues of the Hessian determine the local behavior of the function. In the case of a function of a single variable, the Hessian is simply the second derivative, viewed as a 1×1-matrix, which is nonsingular if and only if it is not zero. In this case, a non-degenerate critical point is a local maximum or a local minimum, depending on the sign of the second derivative, which is positive for a local minimum and negative for a local maximum. If the second derivative is null, the critical point is generally an inflection point, but may also be an undulation point, which may be a local minimum or a local maximum.

For a function of $n$ variables, the number of negative eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix at a critical point is called the index of the critical point. A non-degenerate critical point is a local maximum if and only if the index is $n$, or, equivalently, if the Hessian matrix is negative definite; it is a local minimum if the index is zero, or, equivalently, if the Hessian matrix is positive definite. For the other values of the index, a non-degenerate critical point is a saddle point, that is a point which is a maximum in some directions and a minimum in others.

Application to optimization
By Fermat's theorem, all local maxima and minima of a continuous function occur at critical points. Therefore, to find the local maxima and minima of a differentiable function, it suffices, theoretically, to compute the zeros of the gradient and the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix at these zeros. This requires the solution of a system of equations, which can be a difficult task. The usual numerical algorithms are much more efficient for finding local extrema, but cannot certify that all extrema have been found. In particular, in global optimization, these methods cannot certify that the output is really the global optimum.

When the function to minimize is a multivariate polynomial, the critical points and the critical values are solutions of a system of polynomial equations, and modern algorithms for solving such systems provide competitive certified methods for finding the global minimum.

Critical point of a differentiable map
Given a differentiable map $f: \R^m \to \R^n,$ the critical points of $f$ are the points of $\R^m,$ where the rank of the Jacobian matrix of $f$ is not maximal. The image of a critical point under $f$ is a called a critical value. A point in the complement of the set of critical values is called a regular value. Sard's theorem states that the set of critical values of a smooth map has measure zero.

Some authors give a slightly different definition: a critical point of $f$ is a point of $\R^m$ where the rank of the Jacobian matrix of $f$ is less than $n$. With this convention, all points are critical when $m < n$.

These definitions extend to differential maps between differentiable manifolds in the following way. Let $$f:V \to W$$ be a differential map between two manifolds $V$ and $W$ of respective dimensions $m$ and $n$. In the neighborhood of a point $p$ of $V$ and of $f (p)$, charts are diffeomorphisms $$\varphi : V \to \R^m$$ and $$\psi : W \to \R^n.$$ The point $p$ is critical for $f$ if $$\varphi(p)$$ is critical for $$\psi \circ f \circ \varphi^{-1}.$$ This definition does not depend on the choice of the charts because the transitions maps being diffeomorphisms, their Jacobian matrices are invertible and multiplying by them does not modify the rank of the Jacobian matrix of $$\psi \circ f \circ \varphi^{-1}.$$ If $M$ is a Hilbert manifold (not necessarily finite dimensional) and $f$ is a real-valued function then we say that $p$ is a critical point of $f$ if $f$ is not a submersion at $p$.

Application to topology
Critical points are fundamental for studying the topology of manifolds and real algebraic varieties. In particular, they are the basic tool for Morse theory and catastrophe theory.

The link between critical points and topology already appears at a lower level of abstraction. For example, let $$V$$ be a sub-manifold of $$\mathbb R^n,$$ and $P$ be a point outside $$V.$$ The square of the distance to $P$ of a point of $$V$$ is a differential map such that each connected component of $$V$$ contains at least a critical point, where the distance is minimal. It follows that the number of connected components of $$V$$ is bounded above by the number of critical points.

In the case of real algebraic varieties, this observation associated with Bézout's theorem allows us to bound the number of connected components by a function of the degrees of the polynomials that define the variety.

title: Critical point (mathematics)


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Kiko, Crown Princess of Japan

Kiko, Crown Princess Akishino (皇嗣文仁親王妃紀子) (born Kiko Kawashima (川嶋紀子); 11 September 1966), is the wife of Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan. Her husband is the younger brother and heir presumptive of Emperor Naruhito and the second son of Emperor Emeritus Akihito and Empress Emerita Michiko.

Kiko earned a PhD in humanities from Ochanomizu University. Her marriage to Fumihito in 1990 furthered the trend of Japanese imperial males marrying middle class commoners of academic prominence in earlier and current generations. The couple has three children: Mako, Kako, and Hisahito. Preceding Fumihito and Kiko's investiture as Crown Prince and Princess, the ongoing Japanese imperial succession debate had resulted in some politicians holding a favorable view on rescinding agnatic primogeniture imposed by World War II allies on the constitution of Japan. However, once Kiko and Fumihito had their son Hisahito in September 2006 he became next in the line of succession following his father. Hisahito's cousin and Emperor Naruhito's only child, Princess Aiko, remains at present legally ineligible to inherit the throne, while debate about the possibility of having future empresses regnant continues.

As active working members of the imperial family, Kiko and Fumihito's schedule includes attending summits, and organizational and global event meetings. The couple has particularly represented the Japanese imperial house in ceremonies involving heads of state and VIPs abroad. Kiko's imperial patronages cluster around medical, science and children's causes.

Early life
Kiko was born at Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital in Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan. She is the eldest daughter of Tatsuhiko Kawashima (1940–2021) and his wife, Kazuyo Sugimoto (born 1942). The family moved to Philadelphia in 1967 while her father attended the University of Pennsylvania. He earned a doctorate at the University of Pennsylvania in 1971 in regional science and later taught there.

Kiko attended elementary and high school in Vienna, Austria, when her father became the chief researcher at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Laxenburg, Austria, where he studied spatial science and NGO activities. The future princess became fluent in English and German. In 1972, they moved back to Japan, where her father taught economics at Gakushuin University in Tokyo. She lived with her parents and brother in a small on-campus apartment in Tokyo. She graduated from the Department of Psychology in the Faculty of Letters of Gakushuin University with a Bachelor of Letters degree in Psychology in 1989 and received a Master of Humanities degree in Social Psychology from the Graduate School of Gakushuin University in 1995. She received a PhD degree in Humanities from Ochanomizu University.

She participated in the Ship for Southeast Asian and Japanese Youth Program (SSEAYP) in 1987 and continues to be a supporter of the program.

Marriage
Prince Fumihito first proposed marriage to Kiko Kawashima on 26 June 1986 while they were both undergraduates at Gakushuin. Three years later, the Imperial Household Council announced the engagement on 12 September 1989 and the engagement ceremony was held on 12 January 1990. No marriage date would be set until the official one-year mourning period ended for Fumihito's grandfather, Emperor Hirohito, who had died in January 1989.

The wedding took place at an exclusive shrine at the Tokyo Imperial Palace on 29 June 1990. The Imperial Household Council had previously granted the prince permission to establish a new branch of the Imperial Family and the Emperor granted him the title Akishino-no-miya (Prince Akishino) on his wedding day. Upon marriage, his bride became Her Imperial Highness The Princess Akishino, known informally as Princess Kiko. As tradition dictates, upon her entry into the imperial family and like other members, she received a personal emblem (o-shirushi (お印)): the blossom of the bristle-pointed beachhead iris Iris setosa (hiougi-ayame, cypress fan iris (檜扇菖蒲)) which blooms in intense shades of dark lavender to blue.

The engagement and marriage of Prince Akishino to the former Kiko Kawashima broke precedent in several respects. At the time, the groom was still a graduate student at Gakushuin and he would be married before his older brother, Crown Prince Naruhito. Officials at the Imperial Household Agency were opposed to the marriage, and so was Prince Akishino's paternal grandmother Empress Dowager Nagako. As the second woman from a middle-class and academician background to marry into the imperial family after her mother-in-law Empress Michiko, she was given the nickname "the apartment princess" by the media. Although Empress Michiko was also born a commoner, she was from a very wealthy family; her father was the president of a large flour-milling company.

The Princess had said repeatedly that she wanted to finish her master's degree if circumstances permitted. She completed her post-graduate studies in psychology between her official duties and received her master's degree in psychology in 1995. She is known for her continuing interest in deaf culture and the Deaf in Japan. She learned Japanese sign language and is a skilled sign language interpreter. She attends the "Sign Language Speech Contest for High School Students" held every August, and "Praising Mothers Raising Children with Hearing Impairments" every December. In October 2008, she participated in the "38th National Deaf Women's Conference." She also signs in informal Deaf gatherings.

In March 2013, Kiko was granted a PhD degree in Psychology at the Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, for her dissertation entitled "Knowledge, perceptions, beliefs and behaviors related to tuberculosis: A study based on questionnaire surveys with seminar participants of the National Federation of Community Women's Organizations for TB Control and female college students."

Children
Since 1997, Prince Fumihito and Princess Kiko and their children have maintained a principal residence on the grounds of the Akasaka Estate in Motoakasaka, Minato, Tokyo. The couple have three children (two daughters and one son):

 * Mako Komuro (小室 眞子); formerly Princess Mako (眞子内親王); following her civil marriage to lawyer Kei Komuro on 26 October 2021, Mako gave up her imperial title and left the Imperial Family as required by 1947 Imperial Household Law.
 * Princess Kako of Akishino (佳子内親王)
 * Prince Hisahito of Akishino (悠仁親王)

Official duties
The Prince and Princess are called upon to meet with important overseas visitors to improve diplomatic relations. The Princess was chosen as one of the Young Global Leaders for 2007, drawn from a poll of 4000 candidates.

The Prince and Princess have made numerous official visits to foreign countries. In June 2002, they became the first members of the Imperial Family to visit Mongolia, in celebration of the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations. In October 2002, they visited the Netherlands to attend the funeral of Prince Claus of the Netherlands. In September 2003, the Prince and Princess made goodwill visits to Fiji, Tonga and Samoa, again, the first time ever members of the Imperial Family had visited these countries. In March 2004, the Prince and Princess returned to the Netherlands for the funeral of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. In January 2005, they visited Luxembourg to attend the funeral of Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte. From October to November 2006, they visited Paraguay to commemorate the 70th anniversary of Japanese emigration to that country. In January 2008, they visited Indonesia for a ceremony commemorating the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and the Republic of Indonesia.

They visited Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania in May 2009 on the occasion of "Japan-Danube Friendship Year 2009" and the Netherlands in August 2009 for the commemorative event of the 400th anniversary of the trade relations between Japan and the Netherlands. They have visited Costa Rica, Uganda, Croatia, the Slovakia, Slovenia, Peru, and Argentina. From June to July 2014, Prince Fumihito and Princess Kiko visited Zambia and Tanzania.

In June–July 2019, the couple carried out the first official overseas visit by the imperial family following the accession of Emperor Naruhito. They visited Poland and Finland to participate in the celebrations for the 100th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relationship between Japan and the two countries. In August 2019, the couple and their son, Hisahito, arrived in Bhutan for a visit. In 2023 they were guests at the coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla.

Health
While pregnant with her third child, Kiko was diagnosed with placenta praevia. The princess also had carpal tunnel syndrome osteoporosis aggravated by child-nursing, a symptom common among middle-aged women, her doctor revealed on 14 December 2007.

In late 2023 it was reported that Kiko was suffering from a gastrointestinal illness which prevented her from eating "normal meals" though an endoscopy performed on her in January 2024 found no abnormalities.

National

 * 🇯🇵 Japan:
 * JPN Hokan-sho 1Class BAR.svg Grand Cordon (Paulownia) of the Order of the Precious Crown
 * Red Cross Order of Merit (Japan).svg Dame of the Decoration of the Red Cross
 * Red Cross Order of Merit (Japan).svg Recipient of the Red Cross Medal

Foreign

 * 🇧🇪 Belgium:
 * BEL Kroonorde Grootkruis BAR.svg Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (11 October 2016)
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands:
 * NED Kroonorde A1 BAR.png Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (24 October 2014)
 * 🇵🇪 Peru:
 * PER Order of the Sun of Peru - Grand Cross BAR.png Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun (27 January 2014)
 * 🇪🇸 Spain:
 * ESP Isabella Catholic Order GC.svg Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (8 November 2008)

Honorary positions

 * Reserve Member of the Imperial House Council
 * Patroness of the Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association
 * President of the Imperial Gift Foundation Boshi-Aiiku-kai
 * Honorary Patroness of the Society for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage of Daishoji Imperial Convent
 * Honorary Vice-president of the Japanese Red Cross Society
 * Honorary Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
 * Honorary Research Fellow of the Ochanomizu University Institute for Education and Human Development

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kiko, Crown Princess of Japan


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Mutilation Mix

Mutilation Mix: Greatest Hits (That Never Were Hits) is a greatest hits album by the American hip hop group Insane Clown Posse. The album consists of excerpts of songs from the group's first three studio albums, as well as some rare, less well-known tracks. Dispersed throughout the music are several recordings of phone messages. The songs were hand-picked by Insane Clown Posse. It is the 2nd compilation album and the 9th overall release by Insane Clown Posse.

Track listing

 * 1) Request #1 (Nate the Mack) (0:55)
 * 2) Cemetery Girl (3:35)
 * 3) Hey Vato (3:03)
 * 4) Wagon Wagon (3:01)
 * 5) Request #2 (Esham) (0:24)
 * 6) Psychopathic (2:29)
 * 7) Southwest Strangla (2 Dope solo) (2:35)
 * 8) Never Had It Made (3:16)
 * 9) Chicken Huntin' (Slaughter House Mix) (2:57)
 * 10) I Stuck Her With My Wang (2:38)
 * 11) The Loons (3:39)
 * 12) Red Neck Hoe (2:41)
 * 13) Request #3 (Charm Farm) (0:12)
 * 14) I'm Coming Home (4:23)
 * 15) Super Balls (3:12)
 * 16) The Stalker (2:51)
 * 17) Wizard of The Hood (1:10)
 * 18) Skitsofrantic (1:57)
 * 19) 3 Rings (2:37)
 * 20) Request #4 (Harm's Way) (0:21)
 * 21) Murder Go Round (2:30)
 * 22) Request #5 (Daddy X of the Kottonmouth Kings) (0:24)
 * 23) Southwest Song (1:41)
 * 24) Fuck Off! (3:26)
 * 25) Dead Body Man (2:30)
 * 26) Cotton Candy (3:12)
 * 27) 17 Dead (3:06)
 * 28) Request #6 [(2 dog)] (1:02)
 * 29) The Neden Game (Old School) (4:07)
 * 30) House of Wonders + Mike Clark Bitchin' (4:08)

title: Mutilation Mix


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The Becket School

The Becket School is a co-educational secondary Catholic school with academy status in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, England. It was formed in 1976 by the amalgamation of two schools, Corpus Christi Bi-Lateral School and Becket Grammar School for Boys. It is one of three Catholic secondary schools in the Greater Nottingham area, along with Christ the King and Trinity School.

The school moved to its new site, on Wilford Lane, at the beginning of the 2009–10 school year and lies within the Diocese of Nottingham and the Parish of the Holy Spirit, West Bridgford.

The school has a large catchment area covering parts of the City of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire and south-eastern Derbyshire, including such places as St Ann's, Carlton, Clifton, Long Eaton and West Bridgford. For Years 7 to 11 there are six forms, designated by the initial letters, B, E, N, P, R, and T, of six saints: Bernadette Soubirous, Edmund Campion, Nicholas Garlick, Patrick, Robert Ludlam and Thérèse of Lisieux.

History
Becket Grammar School was founded in 1929 by two priests (Fr Aidan Kenny and Fr Bede Horwood) from the Order of the Augustinians of the Assumption. The school was for boys only and was based on Wilford Lane, next to the suspension bridge over the River Trent. The Becket school was at that time an independent boys' grammar school. In 1958, about two miles away along Wilford Lane, Corpus Christi school opened under headmaster Arthur Davis as a mixed bilateral school for pupils 11 to 16+, offering Grammar, Technical and Secondary Modern courses. The school was planned by Reginald W Cooper of Nottingham, and was built by A Mason Ltd of Mansfield. It cost approximately £100,000.

In 1975, there were only two priests of the Assumption Order still at the Becket school; the headteacher, Father Roger Killeen and his bursar. At that time, the Order gave The Becket School to the Diocese of Nottingham and the two schools, The Becket and Corpus Christi, were amalgamated. The heads of the two schools, Father Roger and Mr Arthur Davis, who were in post at that time gave up their headships to enable the amalgamation to go ahead. A new headteacher, Terence Dillon, was appointed to the new school in 1975 and carried out the bringing together of the two very different institutions into one successful school. The school governors decided to call the new school The Becket Comprehensive School, though the term Comprehensive has rarely been used. The new headmaster took on the challenge of creating one school, whilst some parents of the former Becket School endeavoured to resist any changes as they sought to protect the privileged position of their sons. The new headteacher managed to bring staff together on the two sites of the former schools and created a school which became pre-eminent in Nottingham during the 1970s and 1980s and continues to hold a favoured position. Terence Dillon moved from the school in 1984 to become one of Her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools. The buildings of the original schools were demolished in the summer of 2012 to be replaced by a brand new school on Wilford Lane. During the period 1929–1968, the Becket School enjoyed a close association with the Order's other school, St Michael's College, Hitchin, with which there was frequent interchange of staff in the years before amalgamation.

During the 1960s, 70s and 80s the school was particularly renowned for its sporting achievements at a national level, producing several national schoolboy champions in both athletics and rowing.

A new school site was constructed from 2007 to 2009 on Gresham Fields, Wilford Lane, situated between the three previous sites, and opened on 15 September 2009. The project cost was £24.5 million. There was also fund raising by the school and local parishes to raise £100,000 for the new school building to have a Chapel.

Notable former pupils

 * Simon Mitton (b. 1946) - astronomer, Life Fellow, St Edmund's College, Cambridge
 * John Whelpton (b. 1950) - historian of Nepal
 * Luke Dimech (b. 1977) - footballer, Malta national football team
 * Jermaine Jenas (b. 1983) - footballer, Nottingham Forest F.C., Tottenham Hotspur F.C., England national football team
 * Matt Forde (b. 1982) - Comedian
 * Aisling Loftus (b. 1990) - actress
 * Mary Earps (b. 1993) - footballer, Manchester United W.F.C., England women's national football team
 * Hayley Bishop, actress

Becket Grammar School

 * Michael Jayston (b. 1935) - film and TV actor
 * Stephen Marley (b. 1950) - novelist
 * Chris Maslanka (b. 1954) - writer and broadcaster
 * John Jenkins (b. 1955) - diplomat, UK Ambassador to Syria (2006–7), Burma (1999-2002)
 * Prof Stephen Shennan - archaeologist, Director of the Institute of Archaeology at University College London (2005–2014)
 * John Vernon, long and triple jumper, the husband of Judy Vernon, who ran in the women's 4x100m final of the 1972 Summer Olympics

title: The Becket School


text: User talk:69.212.70.138

title: User talk:69.212.70.138


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Still I Rise (album)

Still I Rise is a collaboration album by 2Pac and Outlawz. The album excludes some of the original line up of Outlawz, including Hussein Fatal, who had left the group as he had refused to sign with Death Row. The album contains all previously unreleased, albeit remixed material. It was released on December 21, 1999 via Interscope Records.

The album features production from 2Pac's close producers Tony Pizarro, Johnny "J" and QDIII, and appearances from Big Syke and Nate Dogg. The album features mostly tracks from Shakur while he was on Death Row.

The album debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 408,000 in the first week. The album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Singles
"Baby Don't Cry (Keep Ya' Head Up II)" which features female group H.E.A.T. was the only single from the album. The song "Letter to the President" is featured in the film Training Day (2001).

Commercial performance
Still I Rise debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 408,000 in the first week. On February 2, 2000, the album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over one million copies. As of September 2011, the album has sold a total of 1,692,316 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen Soundscan.

On February 10, 2000, the album was certified gold by Music Canada (MC) for sales of over 50,000 units in Canada. On March 14, 2014, the album was certified gold by British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for 100,000 units sold in the United Kingdom.

Leftovers

 * "Secretz of War" (Original Remake)
 * "Tattoo Tears" (Original Remake)
 * "U Can Be Touched" (Original Remake)

Samples

 * "As the World Turns"
 * "Sounds Like a Love Song" by Bobby Glenn
 * "Still I Rise"
 * "Tenderness" by Walter Beasley
 * "Teardrops and Closed Caskets"
 * "Love Ballad" by L.T.D.
 * "U Can Be Touched"
 * "Piano in the Dark" by Brenda Russell
 * "High Speed"
 * "Genius of Love" by Tom Tom Club

title: Still I Rise (album)


text:
Martin Rowson

Martin Rowson (born 15 February 1959) is a British editorial cartoonist and writer. His genre is political satire and his style is scathing and graphic. He characterises his work as "visual journalism". His cartoons appear frequently in The Guardian and the Daily Mirror. He also contributes freelance cartoons to other publications, such as Tribune, Index on Censorship and the Morning Star. He is chair of the British Cartoonists' Association.

Early life
Rowson was adopted as a child, and educated at the independent Merchant Taylors' School in Northwood in north-west London, followed by Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he studied English Literature.

Career
In the late 1990s Rowson was resident Cult Books Expert on Mark Radcliffe’s late night Radio 1 show, a role which he took over from his friend Will Self. Rowson's own books include graphic adaptations of The Waste Land and Tristram Shandy. Snatches, his novel, was published in 2006 (ISBN 0-224-07604-3). It is a comic journey through history, focusing on the "stories of the worst decisions the human race has ever made". Stuff (2007), his next novel, is part autobiography, part history of his family and upbringing. He also drew original cartoons for the title sequence of the film Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. In 2008 he published The Dog Allusion: Gods, Pets and How to Be Human, arguing that religion is a complete waste of time and money — much like keeping pets. (The title is itself an allusion to the Richard Dawkins book The God Delusion.) In 2014 'The Coalition Book' containing a collection of cartoons, and a written account, of the four years of the coalition government was published by Self Made Hero. He is an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society and a distinguished supporter and board member of Humanists UK.

Rowson was appointed 'Cartoonist Laureate' of London when Ken Livingstone was Mayor, and his cartoons appeared in the Mayor's newsletter, The Londoner. In 2006 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Journalism from the University of Westminster. In 2014 he was appointed to an Honorary Fellowship by Goldsmiths, University of London.

On 15 September 2010, Rowson, along with 54 other public figures, signed an open letter published in The Guardian, stating his opposition to Pope Benedict XVI's state visit to the UK.

In June 2013, Rowson became the fifth trustee for People's Trust for Endangered Species (PTES), a wildlife conservation charity based in Battersea, south-west London.

Cartoon of Richard Sharp
On 29 April 2023, Rowson apologised on Twitter for his cartoon which was published by The Guardian that day, which included a caricature of Richard Sharp which was criticised as being antisemitic. Rowson tweeted: "Through carelessness and thoughtlessness I screwed up pretty badly with a Graun toon today & many people are understandably very upset. I genuinely apologise, unconditionally." Rowson later published a fuller response on his own website, clarifying his intentions when devising the cartoon and emphasising his deep regret at the offence caused.

Some hours after the initial publication the Guardian removed Rowson's cartoon from their web edition stating:"The cartoon that was posted here today did not meet our editorial standards, and we have decided to remove it from our website."

The historian Simon Sebag Montefiore referred to the cartoon as "repellent" and "explicitly racist". Dave Rich, head of policy at the Community Security Trust (CST) charity, said that the cartoon "falls squarely into an antisemitic tradition of depicting Jews with outsized, grotesque features, often in conjunction with money and power". Rowson, who said that he knew Sharp was Jewish, commented: "His Jewishness never crossed my mind as I drew him as it's wholly irrelevant to the story or his actions, and it played no conscious role in how I twisted his features according to the standard cartooning playbook."

Shortly after these events, Rowson took an extended leave of absence from the Guardian (May to August 2023). In a comment piece published in the paper in July he stated that he had been 'consumed with deep, devouring shame' and felt he had 'lost all sense of moral authority or even agency to draw anything or judge anyone'. He also said that he had been 'talking to lots of people, prominent and otherwise, from across the Jewish community both to atone and to help me understand how I could have done this terrible thing'.

Personal life
Rowson is married and has two children. Who's Who lists his interests as "cooking, drinking, ranting, atheism, zoos, collecting taxidermy". He is a supporter and trustee of the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), having taken an active role in the campaign to cancel plans to close the organization’s London Zoo in 1991, and since serving multiple terms on its governing council.

Political views
In December 2019, along with 42 other leading cultural figures, Rowson signed a letter endorsing the Labour Party under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership in the 2019 general election. The letter stated that "Labour's election manifesto under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership offers a transformative plan that prioritises the needs of people and the planet over private profit and the vested interests of a few."

title: Martin Rowson


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dimensional Fund Advisors

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 14:39, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Dimensional Fund Advisors
Tagged for speedy as advertising. Not a speedy candidate IMO. 17,300 google hits. . Kappa 22:31, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Weak Keep: Although Kappa has bit slap'd me for speedying stuff, this isn't one of them.  They are a large firm, noted on Morningstar, and have been around for a while.  I'd rather it didn't read like an ad or something from a press release, but don't know it well enough to fix it. Wikibofh 23:13, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh oops, I forgot to explain which speedy tag of yours I didn't like... it was just the one. Kappa 00:43, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:69.198.56.120

title: User talk:69.198.56.120


text: User talk:83.71.109.5

title: User talk:83.71.109.5


text:
Infanterist der Zukunft

Infanterist der Zukunft (IdZ, English: "Infantryman of the future") is the German Bundeswehr's program as part of the Future Soldier project. It is a modular, integrated fighting system designed to provide significant lethality, survivability, mobility, battle command, and training to the German infantryman. It is being developed by EADS Defence Electronics and Rheinmetall-Detec.

On 1 July 2004, the German government through the Federal Office of Defense Technology and Procurement ordered 15 IdZ integrated front-line warrior systems worth €10 million ($14.7 million or £7.4 million) for German forces deployed within the ISAF in Afghanistan.

On 3 December 2004, EADS Defense Electronics received a €70 million contract to provide the Bundeswehr with 196 IdZ individual soldier equipment. These basic systems are envisaged for use by around 2,000 German soldiers from all services. More systems of the enhanced version will be delivered between 2010 and 2014.

The IdZ system covers self-protection against small caliber arms and nuclear, biological and chemical agents, communications, navigation/ orientation and weaponry. The system utilizes a wide range of new technologies to achieve network-centric warfare capability.

IdZ Version V2
The Projekthaus System Soldat industrial consortium led by Rheinmetall Defence is currently developing IdZ -ES- for the German Army, the German Air Force and the German Navy. Prototype units will be delivered during Q1/2 in 2008. Approx. 1.100 IdZ-ES systems are scheduled for deliveries between 2010 and 2014. The IdZ-ES system particularly focuses on the infantry squad in combination with its transport vehicle, which will function as "mother ship" providing the squad with network centric capabilities. The vehicle has all weapons and equipment on board so that the necessary elements can be selected from the modular system. The vehicle also provides the squad with power supply and allows data transmission. The basic version of the IdZ system has already been integrated in some military vehicles, such as the ATF Dingo, Mungo ESK, TPz Fuchs and BV 206 D/S. The enhanced ES-system offers these capabilities as standard options in the future Boxer MRAV vehicles and Puma infantry fighting vehicles.

Sniper rifles
Both standard sniper rifles of the Bundeswehr, the G22 and the G82, will be integrated into the IdZ program. The G82 has been procured specifically for this program.

KM2000
The KM2000 is the new standard combat knife of the Bundeswehr. The laser-cut blade is 17.2 cm long and made of stainless steel. The knob is ergonomically shaped to be used ambidextrously and is made of polyamide. The entire knife weighs approximately 320 g.

UAVs and ROVs
The IdZ system will be supplement by mini- or micro UAVs or small, remotely controlled offroad vehicles. First UAVs are the Aladin airborne reconnaissance drone and the MIKADO air robot for close area imaging. The video feedback of the Aladin and the MIKADO air robot can be displayed on the soldiers NavIComs or on video visors.

Weapon sight
Recently the Bundeswehr decided against the AN/PAS-13 in favor of the HuntIR thermal sight, produced by Diehl BGT Defence, + the NSA80 night vision. Also the LLM01 laser light module for the G36 has been ordered.

Also a video weapon sight and reconnaissance 40mm ammunition are currently under development for future integration into the IdZ-program.

title: Infanterist der Zukunft


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/FIST

expand or delete cant just be a link needs content. 578 (Yes?) 22:33, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/FIST


text:
Lasiodora parahybana

Lasiodora parahybana, the Brazilian salmon pink bird-eating tarantula, also simply known as the salmon pink or LP, is a tarantula from north-eastern Brazil and considered to be the fourth largest tarantula in the world (behind the three species in the genus Theraphosa).

It was discovered and described in 1917 by Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão, in Paraíba, where the tarantula is endemic. They are popular pets in the tarantula hobby due to their large size and readiness to breed. They are also considered to be 'docile'.

Description
The salmon pink bird-eater can attain a leg size of up to 11 in, especially in males as their legs are longer than the female’s. However, females can weigh more than 100 g. Females are often bulky: they have a large body size in comparison to their legs, whereas males tend to be slender in body size. Mature males will also have tibial hooks on the front pair of legs; these hook back a female’s fangs during mating.

They are widely considered by pet traders to be an aesthetically pleasing tarantula species; they are a uniform black colour, and once mature, have pink-red hairs along the legs, chelicerae and abdomen, with colours tending to be more vibrant in males.

L. parahybana are endemic to Brazil in the Atlantic forest region of the country; they are known from one area near Campina Grande.

Behaviour
When threatened, the tarantula will raise its legs in the air, as well as the front of its body, in order to deter predators. If the attacker continues to attack, the tarantula will bite. The Brazilian salmon pink tarantula is capable of delivering a painful bite. They are known to bite only when provoked, and even then, this is a last resort. Bites from L. parahybana are mechanically dangerous but not medically significant since their fangs, which can be up to an inch long, are capable of penetrating human skin but the venom is weak to humans. Some sites claim that a bite from a salmon pink is similar to that of a cat. However, rather than biting, they choose to flick urticating hairs from a patch on their abdomen; these hairs are covered in barbs which irritate the skin and put off potential predators. These hairs are extremely irritating; in the hobby, they are considered to be one of the more painful hair types.

In the wild, the tarantulas inhabit the forest floor, where they stay in hiding places such as leaf litter, inside logs, or in burrows, or out in the open. They are ambush predators, lying in wait, striking prey as it comes close, and quickly injecting venom to subdue it. They do not spin webs. In the wild, a salmon pink will feed mainly on large insects and, occasionally, amphibians and small reptiles. Although they are called bird-eating spiders, there is very little evidence to suggest they actually catch and eat birds.

Due to their exoskeleton and method of growth, salmon pinks, like many invertebrates, regularly moult out of their old skin (ecdysis). Like most tarantulas, they will lie on their back and force themselves out of their old skin. During this time, they are at risk of predation. A tarantula will stop eating a few days before this process.

Breeding
During the breeding season, males will deposit sperm from their abdomen onto a webbed mat, also known as a sperm web. They will then "soak" up the sperm with their pedipalps and find a female. When a female is located, the two trade signals in order to establish species, and to discover if the female is receptive. The male will push a female back with his front two legs, using the tibial hooks to push the fangs back in order to prevent being over-powered and eaten by the female. He then inserts his pedipalp into the epigastric furrow on the female’s abdomen and empties his pedipalp. He repeats this with the other pedipalp.

Once mating is over, the male will unhook his front legs from the female and run. Females have a tendency to give chase for a short while; males who are too slow are at risk of being eaten in order to sustain the future embryos.

In captivity
Brazilian salmon pink tarantulas are very popular in captivity for a number of reasons. Their appearance, both in size and color, makes them desirable. Their willingness to sit out in the open also makes them popular. They are also a cheaper option than a T. blondi; L. parahybana reproduces in such large numbers that the price of spiderlings is much lower.

L. parahybana is also praised in the tarantula trade for their ease of handling compared to other tarantula species. However, the merits of handling them is still debated, especially taking into account the size and power of their fangs. They also possess urticating hairs on the rear of the abdomen, which they kick into the air using their rear legs if they feel threatened or agitated. The hairs are extremely irritating to the skin and can rarely cause blindness if they get into the eye. Handling can also be dangerous to the tarantula - with terrestrial species such as L. parahybana, because they are so heavily bodied, a fall of more than a few inches can rupture the abdomen and severely injure or kill the tarantula.

title: Lasiodora parahybana


text:
Washington Township, Logan County, Ohio

Washington Township is one of the seventeen townships of Logan County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,351.

Geography
Located in the western part of the county, it borders the following townships:
 * Richland Township - northeast
 * McArthur Township - east
 * Harrison Township - southeast
 * Pleasant Township - south
 * Bloomfield Township - west
 * Stokes Township - northwest

The village of Russells Point is located in northern Washington Township, and the unincorporated community of Lewistown lies in the township's center.

The southern part of Indian Lake is located in northern Washington Township.

Name and history
Washington Township was organized in 1839. It is one of 43 Washington Townships statewide.

On the shores of Dunns Pond (in northern Washington Township) is a Native American mound, the Dunns Pond Mound, which was built at some point between 300 BC and AD 600. The mound is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Government
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

Transportation
U.S. Route 33 is the most important highway in Washington Township. Other significant highways in Washington Township include State Routes 47, 235, 274, 366, 368, 708, and 720.

title: Washington Township, Logan County, Ohio


text:
Kompania Piwowarska

Kompania Piwowarska is a Polish brewing group based in Poznań, established in 1999. Since 2017 it has been owned by Asahi Breweries. Kompania Piwowarska currently has three breweries: Lech Browary Wielkopolski in Poznań, Tyskie Browary Książęce in Tychy and Browar Dojlidy in Białystok. Tyskie Browary Książęce (Princely Brewery Tychy), one of the oldest breweries in Europe, was founded in 1629.

The three breweries have a total capacity of 15.1 million hectolitres.

The company was owned by SABMiller from 2009 to 2017. As part of the agreements made with regulators before Anheuser-Busch InBev was allowed to acquire SABMiller in 2016, it was announced on December 13, 2016, that Kompania Piwowarska would be sold to Asahi Breweries of Japan.

Major brands
Kompania Piwowarska currently controls 45% of the Polish beer market.

Lech
The main Lech brands are Lech Premium a 5.0% abv pale lager, Lech Pils 5.5% pale lager Lech controls 8% of the Polish beer market. The Poznań brewery brews Dębowe Mocne (Oak Strong), which is 7%. Currently produced types are "Lech Premium", "Lech Pils"

Tyskie
Tyskie is one of the best selling brands of beer in Poland, with around 18% of the Polish market. Tyskie also has a world distribution. The main brands are Tyskie Gronie, a 5.0% pale lager,

Dojlidy
The main Dojlidy Brewery brand is the 6% pale lager, Żubr (European bison).

title: Kompania Piwowarska


text:
Springboard

A springboard or diving board is used for diving and is a board that is itself a spring, i.e. a linear flex-spring, of the cantilever type.

Springboards are commonly fixed by a hinge at one end (so they can be flipped up when not in use), and the other end usually hangs over a swimming pool, with a point midway between the hinge and the end resting on an adjustable fulcrum.

Springboard materials
Modern springboards are made out of a single-piece extrusion of aircraft-grade aluminum. The Maxiflex Model B, the board used in all major competitive diving events, is made out of such aluminum, and is heat treated for a yield strength of 340000 kPa. The slip-resistant surface of the board is created using an epoxy resin, finished with a laminate of flint silica and alumina in between the top coats of resin. This thermal-cured resin is aqua-colored to match the water of a clean pool.

Adjustment of the spring constant

The spring constant of a springboard is usually adjusted by way of a fulcrum that is located approximately mid way along the springboard. Springboards are usually operated in a linear regime where they approximately obey Hooke's law. When loaded with a diver, the combination of the diver's approximately constant mass, and the constant stiffness of the spring(board) result in a resonance frequency that is adjustable by way of the spring constant (set by the fulcrum position). Since the resulting system is in an approximately linear regime, it may be modeled fairly accurately by a second order differential equation. Typically the resonance frequency can be adjusted over a range of a 2:1 or 3:1 ratio.

Adjusting the fulcrum
The fulcrum on competitive diving boards travels over a range of 0.61 m, and is set by way of a foot wheel that is approximately 0.35 m in diameter. To stiffen the spring (as if tightening it), the foot wheel is usually turned counter clockwise. Some may find this counter intuitive, since usually things are tightened by turning clockwise. However, with a little experience, people realize the fulcrum moves in the direction the bottom of the foot faces when placed on the foot wheel.

 * Note – Standing behind or in front of the knob, rather than directly above it, will provide better leverage to move the fulcrum. This is accomplished by holding on to the hand rails and leaning the body a few degrees, then placing the foot as low as possible on the knob. In this way, it is possible to move even the most difficult fulcrum.

Heights of springboards
Springboards are usually located either 1.0 or above the water surface. It is very seldom that one is mounted at a height other than these two standard heights.

Historical heights of springboards
Before around 1960, springboards, usually made of wood, were located at heights of either 3 m, or 6 m above the water. American artist Norman Rockwell's painting titled Boy on High Dive (1947) shows a boy (Rockwel's youngest son, Peter) peering over a typical wooden springboard of the early 20th century era at the 20 feet height.

Home springboards
After an incident in Washington in 1993, most US and other pool builders are reluctant to equip a residential swimming pool with a diving springboard so home diving pools are much less common these days. In the incident, 14-year-old Shawn Meneely made a "suicide dive" (holding his hands at his sides, so that his head hit the bottom first) in a private swimming pool and was seriously injured and became a tetraplegic. The lawyers for the family, Jan Eric Peterson and Fred Zeder, successfully sued the diving board manufacturer, the pool builder, and the National Spa and Pool Institute (NSPI) over the inappropriate depth of the pool. The NSPI had specified a minimum depth of 7 ft which proved to be insufficient in the above case. The pool into which Meneely dived was not constructed to the published standards. The standards had changed after the diving board was installed on the non-compliant pool by the homeowner. But the courts held that the pool "was close enough" to the standards to hold NSPI liable. The multimillion-dollar lawsuit was eventually resolved in 2001 for US$6.6 million ($8 million after interest was added) in favor of the plaintiff. The NSPI was held to be liable, and was financially strained by the case. It filed twice for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and was successfully reorganized into a new swimming pool industry association.

title: Springboard


text: User talk:71.0.122.74

title: User talk:71.0.122.74


text:
Canadian Forces Station Ladner

Canadian Forces Station Ladner is a former military airfield and communications station located beside Boundary Bay and 2.5 NM east of Ladner in Delta, British Columbia, Canada, south of Vancouver and close to the U.S. border. After its closure it was reopened as Boundary Bay Airport.

World War II (1940–1946)
After the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan came into effect in 1939, the Royal Canadian Air Force began looking for locations at which to train aircrew for the Second World War. Boundary Bay was one location that was selected, and in 1940, land from three farms was appropriated for an airport. Construction proceeded slowly as boggy areas had to be filled with hay and gravel, but gravel roads and runways were in place for the airfield's opening on 10 April 1941. No. 18 Elementary Flying Training School (No. 18 EFTS) was the first unit established at the newly created Royal Canadian Air Force Station Boundary Bay. Flying De Havilland Tiger Moth biplanes, No. 18 EFTS's training was provided by private civilian instructors. The aerodrome was officially opened on 2 July 1941. This school was sponsored by the Aero Club of B.C and named the Vancouver Air Training Co. Ltd. (VATC). On 25 May 1942, No. 18 EFTS was disbanded as a direct result of the attack on the American Naval station at Pearl Harbor. It was felt that the west coast was now vulnerable to attack by the Japanese and Boundary Bay was the most advantageous location for a fighter squadron to protect Vancouver and the surrounding coast. No. 18's personnel and equipment were transferred to Royal Air Force No. 33 RAF EFTS in RCAF Station Caron, where the civilian staff took over operations from RAF staff.

Between early 1942 and April 1944 three operational fighter squadrons rotated through Boundary Bay. No. 133 Squadron, equipped with Hawker Hurricanes was the first, while No. 14 and No. 132, both of which flew Curtiss Kittyhawks, were assigned later. On 1 April 1944 No. 5 Operational Training Unit, (OTU), was established at Boundary Bay. No. 5 OTU was created for the purpose of training Commonwealth crews to fly the American-built Consolidated Liberator. By 1944 the Royal Air Force had decided to increase bombing operations in southeast Asia and the Pacific and the bomber of choice was the B-24. Boundary Bay was chosen because of its close proximity to the mountains and ocean which, it was believed, helped to create similar flying conditions that would be found in the future theater of operations. In addition to the Liberator, the North American Mitchell was used as a stepping stone to the four-engined Liberators. Other aircraft used by the unit included the Bristol Bolingbroke for target-towing, the Curtiss Kittyhawk for fighter affiliation exercises and a Noorduyn Norseman as a utility aircraft. Shortly after the first course graduated, it was decided that the crews would require additional air gunners. Therefore, a satellite unit was needed to facilitate the additional staff. On 15 July 1944 No. 5 OTU Abbotsford Detachment was created and the Liberators moved to Abbotsford. Boundary Bay was now responsible for the initial training and the Liberator crews would graduate out of Abbotsford. After the war, the airport was no longer needed. No. 5 OTU left the airfield on 31 October 1945, and the RCAF decommissioned the station in 1946. RCAF Boundary Bay's last official function of the war was to act as a demobilization centre for the Royal Canadian Air Force.

Aerodrome information
In approximately 1942 the aerodrome was listed as RACF Aerodrome - Boundary Bay, British Columbia at 49.08333°N, -123.01667°W with a Var. 24 degrees 20' E and elevation of 4.5 ft. The aerodrome was listed with three runways as follows:

Postwar (1949–1971)
The site was left unused until it was transferred to Royal Canadian Corps of Signals in 1949. Re-established as the Vancouver Wireless Station call sign WVS, the site operated radio equipment for communication and gathering signals intelligence. The Vancouver Wireless Station had facilities much like other post-war bases, including singles quarters, 150 permanent married quarters, dining halls and messes, a Medical Inspection Room, administration building, gymnasium with a sport field with 2 ball diamonds and tennis courts, a chapel, woodworking and automotive shops, a grocery store (later CANEX), engineering and transport sections and a fire hall. Most of these facilities were located on a property directly north of the airfield.

When the Canadian Forces were unified in 1968, the site was renamed Canadian Forces Station Ladner. The downsizing associated with unification would soon hit CFS Ladner, and in 1971 it was permanently closed.

Rebirth (1971–present)
Following the closure of the base, the site was used by the community of Ladner for picnics, public fairs and auto racing. When it became apparent that Vancouver International Airport could no longer sustain general aviation and commercial traffic, Transport Canada proposed reactivating Boundary Bay for general aviation. The airport underwent restoration, and on 11 July 1983 two of the three runways were reopened as Boundary Bay Airport. The other runway and some ramp space was made available for driver training and other events.

The municipality of Delta maintains the area north of the airport as North 40 Park Reserve. The park features a walking trail, interpretive signs, and an off-leash dog area.

title: Canadian Forces Station Ladner


text: User talk:69.142.24.17

title: User talk:69.142.24.17


text:
Extreme Graphics

Extreme Graphics is a computer graphics architecture for Silicon Graphics computer workstations. Extreme Graphics was developed in 1993 and was available as a high-end graphics option on workstations such as the Indigo2, released during the mid-1990s. Extreme Graphics gives the workstation real-time 2D and 3D graphics rendering capability similar to that of even high-end PCs made many years after Extreme's introduction, with the exception of texture rendering which is performed in software. Extreme Graphics systems consist of eight Geometry Engines and two Raster Engines, twice as many units as the Elan/XZ graphics used in the Indy, Indigo, and Indigo2. The eight geometry engines are rated at 256 MFLOPS maximum, far faster than the MIPS R4400 CPU used in the workstation.

Extreme Graphics consists of five graphics subsystems: the Command Engine, Geometry Subsystem, Raster Engine, framebuffer and Display Subsystem. Extreme Graphics can produce resolutions up to 1280 x 1024 pixels with 24-bit color and can also process unencoded NTSC and PAL analog television signals. It is reported by the PROM as GU1-Extreme.

The Extreme Graphics architecture was superseded by SGI's IMPACT graphics architecture in 1995.

title: Extreme Graphics


text:
Talk:Flag Day (United States)

A librarian from Massachusetts
I removed the line thar referred to Flag Day as a "major holiday" in Massachusetts and one that marks the end of the school year. I am a librarian in Massachusetts, and Flag Day is certainly not a major holiday here...indeed, I think relatively few people know it exists. It's not a state holiday, and although school usually does end in June, the date varies from community to community (and is often extended if there have been a lot of snow closings.) I've heard people express surprise when the beginning of the school year occurs before Labor Day, but I've never heard anyone make any remark about school extending beyond Flag Day. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ethomsen (talk • contribs) 22:36, 27 May 2005

Practicalities
I'm arriving in Boston Flag Day this year. I'd like it if this article had a practicalities section, stating whether offices / shops / schools are closed, whether there is anything one should / should not do, that kind of stuff. Dublinblue (Simon in Dublin) (talk) 10:33, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Popular References
Brendan Moody said he removed pointless trivia. It may be pointless to him, but I found it interesting enough to make an edit by correcting Betsy Ross' name. Unless there is some guideline from wikipedia on removing popular references or "pointless trivia", I think those should be allowed to stay in. Talk amongst yourselves! Brinklej 14:02, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

SPLIT INFINITIVE!
C'mon people.... "to officially proclaim." What are we doing?! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Arthurian Legend (talk • contribs) 02:37, 15 June 2006

Writing in English in the 21st Century and not the 19th?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_infinitive — Preceding unsigned comment added by 100.37.133.136 (talk) 15:10, 14 June 2018 (UTC)

Suggestion
prehaps we could add a picture of the American Flag here? I dont want to miss credit the pic, so ill leave this as a suggestion for anyone who should come across it.75.67.106.13 02:22, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

US Code Cite
(please verify and add) The relevant US Code Section is found here: http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&docid=Cite:+36USC110 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dwightmcbain (talk • contribs) 14:16, 14 June 2007

Yeadon
There is a small town outside of Philadelphia called Yeadon. This town proclaims intself as the "Home of the Founder of Flag Day". Yeadon has a street named after William T Kerr.  --Safepassage 17:27, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

How to Observe Flag Day section
I added this section from my original article, located at http://www.united-states-flag.com/flag-day-history.html, (also sourcing the references used). The original article at united-states-flag.com is under a GNU Free Documentation License: Copyright (c) 2007 Mandy Barberio. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". (MandyBarberio 15:31, 1 August 2007 (UTC))

BPOE and Roosevelt
Those two subsections are without citation and the Roosevelt story sounds like an urban legend. Is there any reliable source for either of the two? --UrsusArctosL71 (talk) 16:49, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

Rennerdale
Rennerdale PA is a city, not a state. PurpleChez (talk) 17:59, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

Betsy Ross did Not Design the American Flag
Betsy Ross did not design the American Flag. Her flag company may have been the first to manufacture the flag but the flag was designed by an official of the US government who wanted to get paid for designing the flag but because he was an employee already of the government they said no. Betsy Ross did, however, show Gen. Washington how to make a perfect five pointed star by cutting out a piece of paper. That's why we have five pointed stars on the American flag rather than six pointed stars. 71.139.247.247 (talk) 21:21, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

Freemasons encoded Flag Day on June 14(64), 6/14 & Matthew 6:14 - 'Lord's Prayer', 1777
Members of Freemasonry have encoded much in US history, i.e Declaration of Independence on July 4(72) or 7/4 & GOD=7_4, George Washington's 74 generals, Constitutional Convention had 74 representatives attend (not at the same time) and Constitution has 7 Articles written on 4 pages, etc. The American Flag being adopted on June 14 and this day subsequently becoming "Flag Day" is not random! First, Masons might align dates with cosmic events/astrology. Second, they might symbolically encode and align dates using Simple(6,74) English(7,74) Gematria(8,74) using A-B-C becomes 1-2-3(74). June 14 = J10+U21+N14+E5+14 = 64; YHWH=64, G.A.O.T.U.=64, Avraham=64, Moriah=64, Zion=64, Israel=64, chosen=64, etc. Also, GOD=26 and flag=26. Third, Mason(47)s might align dates with Bible verses and will look first at the Gospel(74) according(74) to St.(74) Matthew(7 letters). June 14 or 6/14 aligns with the end of the Lord's Prayer: Matt 6:14, "If you forgive others their transgressions, your heavenly Father will also forgive you." This example in the Gospel of Matthew was also used to align Father's Day which is the third Sunday in June: the earliest it could fall is 6/15 and Matt 6:15, "But if you do not forgive others, neither will your Father forgive your sins." Fourth, Masons might use sacred numerology to encode dates, i.e. 1777. http://7seals.yuku.com/topic/211/Flag-Day-encoded--Freemasons-June-14-64--6-14-Matthew-6-14 - Brad Watson, Miami 71.196.11.183 (talk) 17:27, 14 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Its not just American history that the Freemason's have affected. Think about this: There are 10 hot-dogs in a pack and 8 hot-dog buns in bag.  That give you 108, which matches with the 108 defilments (sins of mankind) in some forms of Buddhism.  That's right everyone, Freemason's have set up hot-dog packaging to represent the crimes of humanity. Either that, or maybe its just that if you look hard enough you can find interesting number combinations and correlations anywhere you look.DoctorLazarusLong (talk) 18:20, 14 June 2012 (UTC)

Dr. Lazaruz Long (doctor of what?), you are a perfect example of why sacred geometry/gematria has not been exposed to the general public. The ancient mysteries were/are only taught to the initiates who qualified to be such. Pythagoras and other great masters would meet someone like you, realize that you are a disrespectful idiot, and wouldn't expose any of the great and sacred knowledge to you because you would defile it! Do you ignore that Masons exist and have for many centuries? Do you ignore that Hebrew gematria, Greek isopsephy, and Arabic hisab al-jummal are real? Do you ignore that King James I, Benjamin Franklin, and George Washington are just three examples of Grand Master Masons (GMM)? Do you ignore that artists and composer(74)s like the Mason Mozart add symbolic meaning to their work? The new 1 World Trade Center(186 = 1+W23+O15+R18+L12+D4+T20+R18+A1+D4+E5+C3+E5+N14+T20+E5+R18) is 1776 feet high, 'coincidence'? "If you look hard enough you can find interesting number combinations and correlations anywhere you look". Exactly. And those throughout history that have discovered repetitive numerical patterns in nature have been smart enough to recognize that they are not 'random', but that it's laws and theories of science. GOD=7_4 was recognized by the ancient Egyptians when they looked at the skies. There were/are 7 moving objects(74) in the heavens(74) seen with the naked eye and 4 of these (Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn) don't cast shadows(74) on Earth (Sun, Moon, & Venus do). The Lunar Months(74) have 4 phases of app. 7 days long (7.4 days), thus giving us our 7-day-week and 4-weeks in a 'moonth'. The ancients also recognized that the lunar year (354 days) + 7-day-week + 4 days = solar year. The enlightened Egyptians adopted "As above, so below" and began their practice of sacred geometry by adjusting the standard (Biblical) cubits(74) of 6 palms x 4 fingers by adding a palm to create Royal Cubits of 7 palms x 4 fingers. This is why ancient hieroglyphics depict the forearm as unusually long. Of course, according(74) to Dr. Long, the ancient Egytian artists just couldn't correctly depict the length of a forearm. 238120 1 42113211919! - Brad Watson, Miami 71.196.11.183 (talk) 11:43, 30 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Brad, number 1, you take me far to seriously. Smile my friend, and laugh, the universe is a funny place to be in.  I am not really a doctor, my talk page says that out right.  I am a student of Anthropology and the name is a reference to a Robert Heinlein character.  I don't deny that the universe is filled with marvelous patterns, patterns that humans have evolved a remarkable ability to deduce.  I do believe that we have a bad habit of going to far though, looking for patterns and conspiracy where none is to be found.  I believe that we often leap to assume causation when simple correlation is more likely the truth.  I think that human beings are remarkable, but we are prone to foolishness and that is a wonderful thing.DoctorLazarusLong (talk) 18:58, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

George/Victor Morris?
George Morris/Victor Morris ... Which is it? The relevant subsection starts off with 'George' but the quoted passage which follows uses 'Victor'. o.0 ? --Kevjonesin (talk) 07:21, 15 June 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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On June 14, 2017, President Donald Trump, who was coincidentally born on June 14, 1946, proclaimed Flag Day and Flag Week.
Is "coincidentally" necessary? Can't imagine anyone would assume he was intentionally born on Flag Day with the knowledge that he would later proclaim Flag Day and Flag Week as the president. Also not sure why 2017 is noted specifically, since he also presumably proclaimed them in '18 and '19.

Overall, not sure why this sentence is necessary. Since the top of the section already says "During National Flag Week, the president will issue a proclamation 'urging the people to observe the day as the anniversary of the adoption on June 14, 1777, by the Continental Congress of the Stars and Stripes as the official flag of the United States of America.'", this just seems like a roundabout way to note that his birthday coincides with Flag Day. Which is certainly a fun fact, but does it need to be in the article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.71.224.226 (talk) 15:09, 14 June 2019 (UTC)

Agreed. This is entirely unnecessary information. It contributes nothing to the reader’s understanding of Flag Day. User:Armchair Potentate (talk) 21:58, 14 June 2019 (UTC)

Agreed. This sentence is also unclear, one has to go to the source to understand the statement being made. It appears to me there is consensus to remove this sentence?--CriticalThinking26 (talk) 22:56, 14 June 2019 (UTC)

Flag Day
Why is Flag Day no longer posted on calendars including Google Calendar? 72.208.253.91 (talk) 09:31, 6 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Flag Day appears on June 14, 2024 in the Holidays in the United States calendar from Google. Neutron Jack (talk) 15:26, 12 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Flag Day (United States)


text: User talk:131.175.189.222

title: User talk:131.175.189.222


text:
Talk:Tales from Turnpike House

Fair use rationale for Image:Tales From Turnpike House.jpg
Image:Tales From Turnpike House.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:28, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tales from Turnpike House


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Divine Order of the Fruit of the Loins of the Earth

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete Zzyzx11 (Talk) 03:04, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The Divine Order of the Fruit of the Loins of the Earth
Nonsense. --W(t) 22:38, 2005 May 27 (UTC) The article addresses its lack of sources and its non-verifiability! 70.187.215.8
 * Delete, no Google hits = non-verifiable. ESkog 22:39, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Nonsense. SirGeneral 22:43, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete,dosent take Google to see that this is nonsense. 578
 * Save, Time Cube is nonsense, and this religion is nonsense, but many things are nonsense--but that doens't make the writing of the article nonsense PeteHappens
 * While the article might be a good exercise in creative writing, it doesn't belong on any kind of encyclopedic site. SirGeneral 22:51, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * If you think that it isnt nonsesne and it means so much to you, then put it on your user page. 578 (Yes?) 23:03, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Essential reading for your next alien abduction - delete --Doc (?) 23:14, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Unverifiable. No cited sources.  No evidence that this religion exists.  Delete. Uncle G 01:16, 2005 May 28 (UTC)
 * BJAODN and delete. PlatypeanArchcow 01:21, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * BJAODN. Megan1967 02:38, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * What the heck. Delete but BJAODN.--R OY   YO Я 02:39, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:70.187.215.8

title: User talk:70.187.215.8


text:
Vasily Fesenkov

Vasiliy Grigorievich Fesenkov (Василий Григорьевич Фесенков, 13 January 1889 – 12 March 1972) was a Soviet Russian astrophysicist.

Biography
He was born in Novocherkassk. After graduating from the Kharkov University (1911) he entered the Sorbonne, where he defended a dissertation for the Doctor of Science degree in 1914; in between he interned at the Paris, Meudon, and Nice observatories. Fesenkov was one of founders of the Russian astrophysical institute (1923). It was later renamed to Sternberg Astronomical Institute, where he worked as a director in 1936 - 1939. In 1935 Fesenkov was elected an Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He was the first to make a study of Zodiacal light using photometry, and suggested a theory of its dynamics.

He founded the Astrophysical Institute in Alma-Ata (currently Almaty) and was its director until his retirement in 1964. Fesenkov was also a member of the Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences.

He worked on cosmogony, planetary and Solar System astronomy. In 1947 he travelled to the site of the Tunguska event and estimated the mass and orbit of the impact body. He did the same for the Sikhote-Alin Meteorite that fell in 1947.

Fesenkov was awarded three Orders of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner and various medals. The lunar crater Fesenkov is named after him, as is a crater on Mars. A minor planet 2286 Fesenkov discovered in 1977 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh is named after him.

He died in Moscow.

Obituaries

 * IAJ 11(1972) 162

title: Vasily Fesenkov


text:
Stan Williams (baseball)

Stanley Wilson Williams (September 14, 1936 – February 20, 2021), nicknamed "Big Daddy" and "the Big Hurt", was an American baseball pitcher who played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He stood 6 ft tall and weighed 230 lb during an active career spent with the Los Angeles Dodgers, New York Yankees, Cleveland Indians, Minnesota Twins, St. Louis Cardinals and Boston Red Sox between 1958 and 1972. He batted and threw right-handed and was a two-time World Series champion. After his playing days, Williams was a pitching coach for another 14 seasons for five Major League teams.

Early life
Williams was born in Enfield, New Hampshire, on September 14, 1936. He was the youngest of four children of Irving, a construction worker, and Evelyn. The Williams family moved to Denver when he was three years old. He attended East High School, where he played baseball and football. He was signed as an amateur free agent by the Brooklyn Dodgers before the 1954 season.

Professional career
Williams played in the minor leagues from the 1954 to 1958 seasons. He made his MLB debut on May 17, 1958, at the age of 21, relieving Sandy Koufax and giving up three earned runs and striking out one over 3 innings in a 10–1 loss to the St. Louis Cardinals. He finished his rookie year with a 9–7 win–loss record, 4.01 earned run average (ERA), and 80 strikeouts over 119 innings pitched.

Williams had a significant impact in two Dodgers playoff series. After finishing in a tie for first place with the Milwaukee Braves in 1959, the teams met in a best-of-three playoff. After winning the first game, the Dodgers rallied with three runs in the bottom of the ninth inning to tie game 2 at 5–5. Williams came on in the 10th inning and tossed three scoreless innings without allowing a hit; he was the winning pitcher as the Dodgers scored in the bottom of the 12th to win the pennant.

In the 1962 best-of-three playoff against the San Francisco Giants, Williams was not as successful. In game 2, he blew the save as the Giants tied the game with two runs in the eighth inning, but earned the win when the Dodgers scored in the bottom of the ninth to win 8–7. In the decisive third game, the Dodgers were leading in the top of the ninth 4–2. Williams entered the game with the score 4–3, bases loaded, and one out. Williams gave up a sacrifice fly to Orlando Cepeda that tied the game, then threw a wild pitch and issued an intentional walk that re-loaded the bases. He then walked Jim Davenport to force in what turned out to be the series winning run before he gave way to Ron Perranoski.

Williams, a 1960 All-Star, built a career record of 109–94 in 482 games and 208 starts. He got the majority of his wins with the Dodgers in the early stages of his 14-year career. He was traded from the Dodgers to the New York Yankees for Bill Skowron at the Winter Meetings on November 26,. He compiled a career ERA of 3.48 and had 42 career complete games with 11 shutouts; he was credited with 42 saves as a relief pitcher. Williams gave up 682 earned runs in 1,764 $1⁄3$ innings pitched, with 1,305 career strikeouts. Williams won a World Series with the Dodgers in 1959, his second year in the big leagues.

Although his control often kept him from being a top pitcher, Williams' presence on the mound was huge, and many batters around the league feared the six-foot, five-inch right-hander, who had a blistering fastball and was not afraid to pitch inside. In 1961, Williams finished second in the National League in strikeouts with 205, behind teammate Sandy Koufax (269). Yet another Dodger pitcher, Don Drysdale, finished third that year (182).

Williams was a key member of the Indians' pitching staff from 1967 to 1969. He had a 13–11 record in 1968, and led the Indians' staff in appearances in 1969. In 1970, he went 10–1 on the season in relief, with a 1.99 ERA, for the Twins. Williams played his final major league game on August 1, 1972, just over a month before his 36th birthday. He finished his final season with a 6.23 ERA and three strikeouts in just three games for the Boston Red Sox.

Williams appeared in two World Series as a player. In 1959, facing the Chicago White Sox, he threw two hitless innings in relief of Koufax in Game 5. Chicago won that game, 1–0, but the Dodgers took the next game to win the world championship. Williams later played as a Yankee against the Dodgers in the 1963 series. In Game 1, he came in for Whitey Ford, with Los Angeles leading 5–0. Williams allowed only one hit over three innings, but the Dodgers prevailed 5–2 behind Koufax' 15 strikeouts. They eventually swept the Yankees in four straight games.

Pitching coach
After retiring from playing, Williams served as a pitching coach for 14 MLB seasons, with the Red Sox, Yankees, White Sox, Seattle Mariners and Cincinnati Reds. More recently he was an advance scout for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays until he was let go at the end of the 2006 season. He was an advance scout for the Washington Nationals in 2010, before retiring from baseball altogether.

Tommy John observed that Williams did not relate well to sinkerball pitchers, like John, because Williams's style of pitching had been to throw hard. However, John respected Williams for his work ethic and noted that he was a great pitching coach for pitchers like Ron Guidry.

Later life
Williams was inducted into the Colorado Sports Hall of Fame in April 2013. He resided in Lakewood, California, before relocating to Nevada in December 2020. He died on February 20, 2021, at his home in Laughlin, Nevada. He was 84, and suffered from cardio-pulmonary illness prior to his death.

title: Stan Williams (baseball)


text:
Lula (series)

Lula is a series of adult video games placed in the business world of hardcore pornography. They feature the title character Lula, a blonde busty female, and provide titillation and humour. They were developed by Interactive Strip (Redfire Software) and published by cdv Software Entertainment. The sexual theme of this series of games caused some controversy, particularly in the United States where the games were forbidden in several states (e.g. California) and some releases of the game were not carried by Amazon.

Lula Inside
Lula Inside (also known as Lula Virtual Babe) is a virtual tamagotchi. It is the second game in the Lula series.

Lula Pinball
Lula Pinball (also known as Lula Flipper) is a Lula themed pinball game.

Lula Strip Poker
Lula Strip Poker is a strip poker game where the player challenges Lula.

Wet Attack: The Empire Cums Back
Wet Attack: The Empire Cums Back is the third Lula game released. The player begins by stealing a spaceship, named "The Tit", then begins searching for Lula, who is lost in space. Following leads, the player travels from planet to planet, picking up cargo and selling for a profit. Sometimes the cargo includes contraband, which pays well, but is risky. From time to time the spaceship is attacked by pirates who try to steal cargo or girls. Players must assemble a full-body ship before they can save the lost Lula.

The player has to hire a crew for the ship, a gunner and an engineer, and keep them happy. The crew is all female, so players have to "keep them happy", or may hire up to three gigolos if they would rather get on with the missions. This helps keep the ship together. Players can also buy upgrades for "the Tit"; engines, guns, shields, spy satellites etc. After a while they can buy a "second Tit", doubling the size of the ship. While docking at a planet, the ship doubles as a brothel. The player hires girls to work in the bedrooms, and keeps them healthy, sexy, and satisfied.

Reception
The game received unfavourable reviews from critics.

Lula Online
The latest entry in the series, Lula Online, was a browser based simulation RPG where it played much like Wet: The Sexy Empire, though more modernized than its older counterpart. It is the only entry not developed or published by Cdv Software Entertainment. Lula Online's servers were shut down in Spring 2018.

title: Lula (series)