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STS-118

STS-118 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by the orbiter Endeavour. STS-118 lifted off on August 8, 2007, from launch pad 39A at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida and landed at the Shuttle Landing Facility at KSC on August 21, 2007.

This was the first flight of Endeavour since STS-113 in November 2002, which was also the last successful shuttle flight before STS-107 which culminated in the loss of Columbia when it disintegrated during reentry. STS-118 pilot Charles Hobaugh had been the entry team CAPCOM for STS-107. Columbia had originally been selected for this flight, for what would have been its 29th mission, and its first and likely only visit to the ISS, mainly due to its heavier weight.

The mission is also referred to as ISS-13A.1 by the ISS program. The mission added two more components to the ISS and brought supplies for its crew.

During and after the mission, the media focused heavily on a small puncture in the heat shield, created by a piece of insulation foam that came off the external tank during liftoff, though the foam impact that ultimately destroyed Columbia caused more damage and was in a critical area. KSC Launch Director Michael D. Leinbach mentioned in the post-flight news conference that upon initial inspection on the ground, "Endeavour appears to be the 'cleanest' post-flight orbiter since Return to Flight". On August 31, 2007, NASA reported that the damaged tiles had been removed in the Orbiter Processing Facility, and engineers had found no evidence of heat-related damage to the orbiter itself.

Crew notes
Astronaut Clayton Anderson was originally slated to be launched to the ISS on this mission, but was moved to STS-117. His replacement was Alvin Drew.

NASA press releases and media briefing documents stated that STS-118 was the first flight of a Mission Specialist Educator due to the presence of Barbara Morgan. The Educator Astronaut Project is the successor to NASA's Teacher in Space Project, which ended with the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986. The official STS-118 mission patch included a flame of knowledge that represented the importance of education, and honored teachers and students everywhere. Morgan was the backup to Christa McAuliffe, the teacher who was killed aboard Challenger in 1986. The tip of the flames touched Morgan's name on the patch. However, NASA Administrator Michael D. Griffin clarified at a post-mission press conference that Morgan was not considered a mission specialist educator, but rather a standard mission specialist, who had once been a teacher.

Prior to the Columbia disaster, the crew manifest for STS-118 was:

Mission payloads
The STS-118 mission delivered and assembled the starboard S5 truss segment of the International Space Station, as well as External Stowage Platform 3, (ESP-3) and a replacement Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG). The mission was also the final flight to include the Spacehab Logistics Single Module.

The Spacehab Logistics Single Module, a pressurized aluminum habitat that is carried inside the payload bay, has a capacity of 6000 lb, and carried a variety of cargo and research projects, including supply materials for the ISS. It returned cargo, including the MISSE PEC 3 & 4, a Department of Defense payload that had been installed on the ISS. Launched in July 2006, the MISSE PEC-3 and 4 contained over 850 materials specimens that will be studied to determine the effects of long-term exposure to the environment of space.

Mission background
The mission was originally scheduled to be flown by Columbia; STS-118 would have marked that orbiter's 29th flight and its first visit to the International Space Station. However, the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster altered the planned flight schedules, and the mission was rescheduled for Endeavour. STS-118 served as Endeavour's return to flight after a planned orbiter re-fit and maintenance period that resulted in over 200 modifications to the orbiter.

One of the most important modifications that debuted during STS-118 is an upgraded power-distribution module, the Station-Shuttle Power Transfer System (SSPTS). SSPTS allows Endeavour to tap into the ISS power supply, converting up to eight kilowatts of electrical power from 120-volts direct-current (120VDC) ISS main voltage to the 28VDC system used by the orbiter. SSPTS was outfitted to the ISS Pressurized Mating Adapter-2 (PMA2) during STS-116. These upgrades will allow orbiters to remain docked at the station for an additional three to four mission days  by saving cryogenic liquid hydrogen and oxygen needed to run the fuel cells which generate electricity aboard the orbiter; oxygen and hydrogen tank capacity is a major factor limiting the duration of orbiter free flights. Other systems debuting on this flight were a three-string GPS system, which replaces the three Tactical Air Navigation-units, used to guide the shuttle and calculate its position during reentry and landing and the new Advanced Health Management System which keeps an eye on the three main engines (SSMEs) during liftoff and will shut them down before any catastrophic damage might develop. (All SSMEs had their own computers to regulate, monitor, and shut them down in case of trouble; the new system extends and improves the monitoring capability for increased safety.) Endeavour also received several systems that the other orbiters had already been equipped with, such as a glass cockpit, improved wing leading-edge sensors and the OBSS.

STS-118 included mission specialist Barbara Morgan, the first mission specialist educator. Morgan trained as the backup to Christa McAuliffe, NASA's Teacher in Space candidate from 1985 to 1986. McAuliffe was killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986. While McAuliffe and Morgan were classified as spaceflight participants and not as mission specialists in 1986, after the Teacher in Space Project was canceled, Morgan assumed the duties of Teacher in Space Designee and continued to work with NASA's Education Division until her selection as NASA's first mission specialist educator in 1998. Morgan completed two years of training and evaluation and began official duties in 2000. An Educator Astronaut is a fully trained astronaut who performs all the same duties that a regular astronaut does. Morgan became the first mission specialist educator in space on STS-118, and will share what she learned from the experience with students during and after her flight.

"Whether you're teaching school, or whether you're training as an astronaut, you put all you can into it, and get the most out of it."

- Barbara Morgan

The mission marked:
 * 150th crewed US space launch
 * 119th Space Shuttle flight
 * 22nd International Space Station assembly mission
 * 20th flight of Endeavour
 * 94th Post-Challenger mission
 * 6th Post-Columbia mission
 * First flight with SSPTS

Launch preparations
Endeavour (OV-105) was moved from the Orbiter Processing Facility, bay OPF-2 to the Vehicle Assembly Building on July 2, 2007. On July 10, 2007, Endeavour moved from the Vehicle Assembly Building to Launch Pad 39A. Moving at less than one mile per hour (1.6 km/h) atop the crawler-transporter, the move began at 20:10 EDT, and was "hard down" (secured in place at the pad) at 03:02 EDT, July 11, 2007.

The crew completed the terminal countdown demonstration test on July 19, 2007, and the Flight Readiness Review meetings were held on July 25–26, 2007, after which NASA managers declared STS-118 a "GO" for launch. The launch was delayed one day to repair a valve in the shuttle's crew cabin pressurization system.

Commander Kelly and the crew arrived at Kennedy Space Center on August 3, 2007, for final launch preparations. The countdown clock began at 20:00 EDT August 5, 2007, for the launch at 18:36 EDT on August 8, 2007.

Wednesday August 8 (Flight day 1, Launch)
Fueling of the external tank began at 08:11 EDT (12:11 UTC) and finished around 11:00 EDT. The Ice Team began their inspection of the orbiter to ensure no ice was on the orbiter or the fuel tank, something unlikely due to the unusually warm conditions as launch time approached. Their inspection concluded about 40 minutes quicker than the usual two-hour duration. The crew departed for the Operations & Checkout (O&C) building, for the launch pad at 14:46 EDT (18:46 UTC), and arrived at the pad at 15:02 EDT (19:02 UTC). Launch occurred at 18:36:42 EDT (22:36:42 UTC).

Countdown and launch notes:
 * The Ice Team members discovered a small crack in the foam surrounding the external fuel tank during their preflight examination. After a review by the Mission Management Team, it was concluded that there was no debris issue regarding the crack, and the tank was safe to fly.
 * A problem with the switches associated with the crew hatch required a second and third hatch closure attempt. Hatch closure was completed and verified at 17:23 EDT (21:23 UTC).
 * The high-definition video camera used to inspect the shuttle from Kennedy Space Center during launch failed prior to liftoff. The launch team decided that the cameras on the external tank and the orbiter would be sufficient for observations, and went on to launch without it.
 * The final forecast predicted 80% go for launch weather.
 * Launch Director Mike Leinbach conducted his T-9 poll, and declared Endeavour a "go" for launch at 18:26 EDT (22:26 UTC).
 * Liftoff occurred at 18:36:42 pm EDT. (22:36:42 UTC)
 * Solid Rocket Boosters successfully separated at 18:39 pm EDT (22:39 UTC).
 * Main Engine Cutoff occurred at 18:45:30 pm EDT (22:45:30 UTC)
 * External Tank separation occurred at 18:45:45 pm EDT (22:45:45 UTC)

The primary TAL site was Zaragoza Airport in Spain.

Following the procedures for post-ascent, the crew opened the payload bay doors, activated the Spacehab, powered up the Remote Manipulator System, and performed a variety of other payload activation procedures, before entering their scheduled sleep shift at 04:36 UTC (12:36 am EDT) August 9, 2007.

Thursday August 9 (Flight day 2)
The shuttle crew spent most of the day inspecting the outer hull and the heat shield. During the mission status briefing, Deputy Shuttle Program Manager (and Mission Management Team chairman) John Shannon reported that during launch, approximately nine pieces of foam were observed breaking off the external fuel tanks. Three of these struck the shuttle. All three strikes are considered to be minor in nature.

Friday August 10 (Flight day 3)

Endeavour successfully docked with the International Space Station at 18:02 UTC (14:02 EDT). Approximately an hour before docking, Endeavour performed the one-degree-per-second backflip, called the Rendezvous Pitch Maneuver (RPM), so the ISS crew members could take digital pictures of the heat shield of the orbiter. The images were then analyzed by NASA's Image Analysis Team, as well as the Mission Management Team to inspect the integrity of the orbiter's heat shield. Following a series of leak checks, the hatches were opened at 20:04 UTC (16:04 EDT), and the Expedition 15 crew welcomed the STS-118 crew aboard the station.

After preliminary review of the photos taken by the Expedition 15 crew during the RPM, an area of interest was discovered on the underside of the Shuttle; an area behind the right landing gear door covered with black silica tiles. The tile directly aft of the door had a 3.5 in by 2 in gouge in it. While the tile was penetrated, the underlying felt backing was not. NASA noted in the press conference that launch-time video confirmed a foam strike. This area is less critical than the leading-edge reinforced carbon-carbon tiles that were damaged in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, but did cause concern for the Mission Management Team. A focused inspection was scheduled for August 12, 2007, to determine whether a patch attempt would be undertaken by the astronauts during an EVA. NASA once reported that pieces of foam are bound to, and have fallen off of the external tank during the eight and a-half-minute ride to orbit. An unprecedented 300 pieces of foam once struck the underside of an orbiter during launch.

The crew activated the Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System (SSPTS) after docking. The SSPTS transfers electrical power from the station to the shuttle, allowing the shuttle to conserve its own power generating resources. An extension of the mission from 11 to 14 days was dependent on proper operation of the SSPTS.

Saturday August 11 (Flight day 4)
At 21:45 (UTC), Rick Mastracchio and Dave Williams started the first EVA of the mission, installing the S5 truss to the station, increasing the total mass of the ISS to 232693 kg. The EVA duration was 6 hours and 17 minutes, and all objectives were successfully completed.

During the Mission Status press conference, Lead ISS Flight Director Joel Montalbano reported that the SSPTS was working well, and the recommendation to the Mission Management Team will be to extend the mission to the planned 14-day mission.

Mission Management Team chair John Shannon reported after additional analysis, it appeared that a piece of foam came off the external tank in the area of the tank's feed line, and bounced off a nearby strut, resulting in a hit to the orbiter's underside. An almost identical section of foam was lost on STS-115, but did not strike the orbiter. John reported after further review of photos taken on flight day three, they do not feel the damage went all the way through the tile, but focused inspection is still planned for flight day five, and decisions would not be made until more information is obtained. Five specific areas will be inspected during focused inspection, and with the data gathered, thermal testing can be done to determine what actions, if any, need to be taken.

Overall, John Shannon classified the foam loss as a "concern", but only with regards to the history that the specific area has with regards to foam loss in past missions. Shannon reported that analysis would be complete by flight day 7 at the latest.

John Shannon also reported that the possible protruding gap filler noticed on flight day 3, was reviewed further, and was determined to be "shim stock", which will burn off in the upper atmosphere, and poses no issues for re-entry.

Sunday August 12 (Flight day 5)
The crew carried out the focused inspection without any problems, and at 20:56 (UTC), the crews of Endeavour and Expedition 15 were notified that the SSPTS was working as expected, and the mission was officially extended to the planned 14-day mission. Commander Scott Kelly replied, "That's great news, thanks".

In the daily mission status briefing, Lead Flight Director Matt Abbott announced the official extension of the mission, that the SSPTS was working as planned, and they were pleased with the data gathered during the focused inspection on Sunday. Mission Management Team Chairman John Shannon confirmed the decision of the Mission Management Team to extend the mission to 14 days, and to add a fourth EVA, was unanimous. He noted that the addition of SSPTS will be a valuable new tool, providing not only extended missions, but also the ability to provide the space station with additional supplies of oxygen, water, and other resources.

Shannon reported on the focused inspection, confirming that good laser data and imagery was obtained, and they resolved several areas of interest, classifying them as of no concern. One area of interest was two adjacent thermal plates on the shuttle's underside that had a gouge that appeared to be deeper than would allow them to rule it out. NASA would use data from the focused inspection to model the area, and do thermal analysis of the area. They will use the data to mimic the damage with sample tiles at Johnson Space Center, and using a variety of testing methods, possible courses of action would then be evaluated. No decision would be made until all data had been received and reviewed.

Shannon did report that following STS-118, NASA will do a thorough review of the history of foam loss from the area of the external tank since STS-114, analysis and testing would be done, and any speculation as to a future course of action would not be made until all the information was available.

Monday August 13 (Flight day 6)
Rick Mastracchio and Dave Williams completed the mission's second spacewalk, successfully achieving all of the scheduled activities. During the EVA, they removed a new CMG from Endeavour's payload bay, and moved it to the Z1 truss, where they removed the failed CMG. After installing the new CMG, they placed the failed CMG on an external stowage platform, where it will remain until it is returned to Earth with mission STS-122. After initial testing on the ground, NASA reported the new CMG was functioning normally.

During the EVA, Mastracchio reported an EVA suit alarm, indicating high levels of Carbon dioxide, but after reviewing all indicators and sensors, NASA confirmed it was an instrumentation issue, and the suit itself was fine. At the mission status briefing, NASA reported the suit would be used on future spacewalks, and the issue was not of any concern.

During the Mission Management briefing, John Shannon discussed Endeavour's heat shield and re-entry issues. He reported that after initial modeling they believe the majority of heating will be on the backside of the gouge, and not into the filler bar side, which was the preferable situation. He reiterated that it was a complicated aerodynamic shape, and they wanted to be sure the flow would concentrate in the back "well" of the hole. The engineers and analysts would continue to do additional flow modeling, after which they would take the data into the arc jet testing facility for additional analysis. The first preliminary arc jet tests would be performed Monday night.

Shannon reported a "team four" had been assembled, along with the operations and engineering teams, to assist in data analysis. The teams will look at options for repair if required, and make recommendations to the Mission Management Team after the analysis of tests and data. Shannon stated he had no doubt that if a repair was required, the crew could execute it without significant impact to the mission timeline. He reiterated that this was not a catastrophic damage situation, but simply a situation that they would prefer to fix if possible, similar to the OMS blanket issue during STS-117 in June 2007.

There are three different on-orbit repair techniques available to the crew. Both post-Columbia Return to Flight missions experimented with various repair materials and techniques, and the STS-118 crew has trained for those procedures.

Tuesday August 14 (Flight day 7)
The Endeavour crew awoke on Tuesday to the voices of Tracy Caldwell's family singing happy birthday to her. The two crews successfully removed the ESP-3 from Endeavour's payload bay, and installed it onto the P3 truss. They also continued with transfer activities, and several crew members took time out to have two Public Affairs events, one of them answering children's questions from the Discovery Center in Boise, Idaho. During an interview with CBS, Commander Kelly stated that he was not concerned about the tile damage, and would be comfortable with any decision NASA made, "My understanding is this tile damage is not an issue of the safety of the crew... I'm not concerned with our safety." The main reason for fixing it, he noted, would be to assist with processing once the orbiter was back at the Kennedy Space Center.

During the Mission Management Team briefing, Kirk Shireman, Deputy International Space Station Program Manager, reported that the External Stowage Platform installation went well; the new CMG was working well, and handover of attitude control directly from the shuttle to the station was completed without problems. In addition, a new Russian computer was installed on the station, and testing of the system would be performed in late August. He also mentioned several of the experiments that were launched with STS-118, and reported all experiments were proceeding well. Shireman also noted that as of 15:17 UTC, the Zarya module of the station had orbited the Earth 50,000 times.

John Shannon reported that the orbiter systems were in excellent shape, and had no issues. With regards to the remaining area of tile damage on the underside of the orbiter, Shannon reported that initial thermal analysis had been completed. Computational fluid dynamics testing at Ames Research Center had been done, and the preliminary results were "cautiously optimistic". Testing at the arc jet facility would continue Tuesday night. Shannon stated they would go through complete EVA scenario testing at the Neutral Buoyancy Lab, to help develop the EVA procedures if needed.

Wednesday August 15 (Flight day 8)
Rick Mastracchio and Clayton Anderson began the third EVA of the mission at 14:37 UTC. During the EVA, they successfully relocated a CETA Cart, retrieved the P6 Transponder, relocated the S-band antenna from P6 to P1, and installed a new S-Band Baseband Signal Processor and Transponder on the P1 truss. During a routine glove inspection, Mastracchio noticed a possible tear on the thumb of his left glove. To be safe, NASA managers decided to end the spacewalk at 20:05, and examination and photography of the glove was performed during suit removal. The spacewalk accomplished all but one of the tasks (MISSE retrieval). On the station, the crewmembers continued with transfer activities.

During the Mission Management Team briefing, Joel Montalbano reported that the issue with Mastracchio's suit was never a danger to the suit integrity, and the decision to cut the EVA short was one of precaution. Extended photography was performed, and additional analysis will be completed prior to the fourth EVA. Montalbano reported that the fourth EVA would be no earlier than August 18, 2007.

Lead spacewalk officer Paul Boehm agreed that the EVA went well, the major objectives were completed, and he reiterated that at no time was Mastracchio's suit in any danger of leaking.

EVA Office Manager Steve Doering reported on the details regarding the issue with Mastracchio's glove. The EVA inspection procedure was implemented following STS-116, when a cut was found on Robert Curbeam's glove following an EVA. The EVA suit comprises five layers of material, and the second layer, called vectran, is a high strength material resistant to tearing. Mastracchio's tear was into the vectran layer. Prior to the next EVA, video analysis will be done of the path Mastracchio took during the spacewalk in an attempt to discover where the tear may have occurred. An analysis of Mastracchio's glove during the previous two EVAs will also be performed.

John Shannon reported that no decision had been made regarding the tile damage on the underside of the orbiter, but the fourth EVA was postponed to at least August 18, 2007. The management team would continue to analyze the potential risks of repair to the underside of the orbiter, as well as any other areas of risk. Shannon reported the results of the arc jet testing showed some erosion into the backside of the adjacent tile upon re-entry, but the erosion did not go through the entire layer of the tile. Preliminary results were encouraging, but additional testing would be performed on Wednesday night. Shannon reported that the final decision would most likely be made on Thursday. Shannon said "I am cautiously optimistic that repairs will not be needed".

Thursday August 16 (Flight day 9)
The station and shuttle crews continued transfer activities on flight day 9, as well as EVA preparations, which included TPS repair procedure review, in case NASA decided a repair was necessary.

Mission Specialists Barbara Morgan and Alvin Drew participated in an education event in the morning with students at the Challenger Center for Space Science Education in Alexandria, Virginia. The event was hosted by Dr. June Scobee Rodgers, wife of Challenger's commander, Dick Scobee, and Founding Chairman of the Challenger Center. Morgan and Drew also spoke to reporters from the Associated Press, Reuters and Idaho Public Television.

During the interview with Reuters, Drew stated "We've been talking to the engineers who have been analyzing this far more than we have in space, and they seem to feel that the biggest danger is more to just being able to re-use Endeavour once it gets back on the ground. They seem to be confident, and I trust their confidence that we can get home safely even with the divot that we have in the belly," Morgan added "We have a lot of faith in the program, and we'll do what the engineers decide is the best thing for us to do. We have all confidence we're going to be able to do the right thing."

At 01:00 UTC, August 17, 2007, CAPCOM Shane Kimbrough notified commander Kelly that the Mission Management Team decided that no repair to the damaged tile on the underside of the orbiter would be required.

During the Mission Management Team briefing, John Shannon announced the team's unanimous decision that an EVA to repair the damaged tile was not required, and the tile damage on the underside of the orbiter was not a threat to crew safety. However, the spacewalk to repair the damage could pose a variety of risks, and those risks weighed heavily into the final decision. He noted the arc jet tests actually showed a higher degree of damage than the orbiter would sustain during re-entry, so the tests were helpful in showing the worst "possible" damage, and still did not damage the tile during testing enough to warrant repair.

Shannon did note that the JSC Engineering Independent Group advised NASA managers that repairing the damage on-orbit could assist with mission turn-around time once the orbiter was on the ground. Shannon noted that the risks associated with in-flight repair outweighed the possible delay in processing the orbiter following the mission. He stated that normal turn-around time would not be compromised, as most orbiters have at least 60 tiles replaced after each mission, so the situation would not be any different from past missions.

When pressed during the briefing by a reporter as to the chance of shuttle or crew loss, Shannon reported "I am 100 percent comfortable that the work that has been done, has accurately characterized the damage, and that we will have a very successful re-entry". He stated that over 200 people were involved in the decision, representing over 30 organizations, including NASA Ames Research Center, NASA's Langley Research Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, KSC, JSC, and that all the groups combined came to the same decision.

Shannon reported that the glove issue encountered during EVA three had been discussed, and stated that analysis would be continued, in advance of EVA four on Saturday. The crew does have a spare set of gloves, if needed.

Shannon reported on a micro-meteoroid debris strike discovered on the commander's window of the orbiter, which was 1 millimeter in depth. Shannon noted that it was consistent with previous damage sustained on past missions. Analysis would be conducted regarding this issue, using photographs sent down by the crew early Thursday morning.

The final item discussed was Hurricane Dean, which was heading towards the Caribbean Sea, and projected to move into the Gulf of Mexico. Contingency procedures and plans were in place, but Shannon did not anticipate it would affect the mission's timeline at all.

Friday August 17 (Flight day 10)
The station and shuttle crews had a relatively quiet day on flight day 10, continuing transfer operations, and doing some troubleshooting on a communication system between the shuttle and station. The two crews took some time out to have a joint news conference with US and Canadian news agencies, and took the official combined crew portrait. When asked by reporters on the ground whether the crew agreed with NASA's decision to return without repairing the damage to Endeavour's underside, Commander Kelly replied, "We agree absolutely 100 percent with the decision to not repair the damage."

During the mission status briefing, Lead Flight Director Matt Abbott discussed the ongoing preparations and plans with regards to Hurricane Dean, and reported NASA was watching the storm's track closely. If required, contingency plans are available. While the mission's timeline could be changed if required, no decision was made, and the mission was proceeding as planned.

Deputy ISS Program Manager Kirk Shireman reported the S-Band system relocated during the third EVA was working well, and the SSPTS provided enough oxygen to be able to completely fill all reserves on the station. Shireman commented that transfer operations were approximately 75% complete.

EVA Office Manager Steve Doering reported on the decision to proceed with Saturday's EVA. The team analyzed the video downlinked from the third EVA, and the review showed no evidence of any specific event that would indicate a sharp edge, or excessive wear. A review of the manufacturing of the gloves was done, and no concerns were identified. The paths taken by astronauts during spacewalks were reviewed, identifying common paths between the third EVA, and Saturday's planned EVA, and the crew was notified of the common locations, to identify areas where additional glove inspections would be performed on Saturday. Overall, the final EVA would be less "hand-intensive" than the previous spacewalks, and the conclusion following the analysis was that Saturday's EVA would go ahead as planned.

Saturday August 18 (Flight day 11)
NASA Managers decided overnight to shorten the fourth EVA by two hours as a precaution due to Hurricane Dean's continued path into the Gulf of Mexico. The EVA duration was five hours and 2 minutes, with a total EVA time of 23 hours and 15 minutes for the mission. The EVA accomplished three primary objectives, and one get-ahead task. Two tasks were deferred: plans to tie down debris shields on the Destiny lab, and relocation of a tool box. During the spacewalk, Williams and Anderson got a good look at Hurricane Dean, and were both awed at the sight. "Holy smoke" was Anderon's initial comment. "Man, that's impressive", Williams replied. Anderson added "They're only impressive when they're not coming towards you." Transfer activities were completed ahead of schedule, and both crews worked hard to get everything transferred back to Endeavour after the spacewalk.

Dave Williams set two records during his third EVA; He is the Canadian with the most spacewalks (3); and he passed Canadian Astronaut Chris Hadfield in total EVA time. Williams ended Saturday's EVA with a total of 17 hours, 47 minutes of extravehicular time.

During the mission status briefing, Launch Integration Manager LeRoy Cain reported that the Mission Management Team decided to take extra precautions in preparation for the storm, and STS-118 would be cut short a day. In the event of a hurricane evacuation in Houston, an emergency command center would need to be set up. While it was a contingency set in place for years, NASA would prefer to avoid that situation. To that end, Cain reported the EVA was shortened, and the hatch closure would be done Saturday evening, rather than Sunday as planned. Undocking would be at 11:57 UTC Sunday, with the first KSC Landing opportunity on August 21, 2007.

At 19:46, a short farewell ceremony was performed, followed by hatch closure at 20:10 UTC. Tuesday's tentative KSC landing time would be 12:32 pm EST. (16:30 UTC)

Sunday August 19 (Flight day 12)
Endeavour successfully undocked from the International Space Station at 11:56 UTC. Saturday, NASA managers decided the station fly-around that is normally performed following each mission would not be conducted in order to give the Shuttle crew more free time during flight day 12. After several long work days, the Mission Control team felt the crew needed some downtime before the landing process began.

After undocking, two 4-second firings of the Reaction Control System were performed, in order to distance Endeavour from the station and move to a position above it. There, the crew deployed the robotic arm, beginning Late Inspection of the reinforced carbon-carbon tiles on the nose cap and wing leading edges.

At the mission status briefing, Matt Abbott reported the undocking was "flawless", and the late inspection was completed successfully. Monday would be a standard pre-landing day, with checkout of the various systems on Endeavour, as well as an educational media event. Entry Flight Director Steve Stich and the entry team will take over mission duties tonight, in preparation for Tuesday's landing.

John Shannon reported the mission management team meeting went well. The landing plan was reviewed, and all teams reported "go" for landing on Tuesday. The latest track for Hurricane Dean was favorable for the Houston area; the storm seemed to be swinging farther south than originally expected. NASA managers were optimistic that contingency plans would not be needed. Final decisions regarding alternate plans would not be made until Monday, but Shannon noted that White Sands Space Harbor landing facility would be removed as an alternate site. Edwards Air Force Base, and Kennedy Shuttle Landing Facility would be the two sites evaluated on Monday.

Monday August 20 (Flight day 13)
On Monday, with the shuttle approximately 68 mi behind the International Space Station, the crew of Endeavour performed a variety of check-out tests in preparation for entry, configured the Spacehab module for entry, and did some last minute stowage. Kelly and Hobaugh worked with the shuttle landing simulator on board, practicing the anticipated landing tracks. Kelly, Williams and Morgan took some time out to talk to students at the Canadian school, La Ronge, in Saskatchewan.

During the mission status briefing, Entry Flight Director Steve Stich reported the track of Hurricane Dean would not require the activation of contingency plans, and the forecast looked favorable for a Tuesday landing at Kennedy Shuttle Landing Facility. There were also two opportunities for a Florida landing, with the first opportunity beginning with a deorbit burn at 15:25 UTC, and landing at 16:32 UTC. The second opportunity would call for a deorbit burn at 17:00 UTC, with landing at 18:16 UTC. Weather was not expected to interfere with landing, with a forecast of high clouds, but no inclement weather. If the second landing opportunity was taken, the shuttle would fly directly over Hurricane Dean, although it would be well above any effects of the storm. NASA did plan to call up Edwards Air Force Base as the backup site, which had two opportunities on Tuesday, but the plan was to attempt a KSC landing, and if both opportunities were waved off, NASA would decide whether to wait a day, and try for a Wednesday landing at KSC. If Wednesday opportunities at Florida were waved off due to weather, a landing at Edwards Air Force Base would be attempted.

Tuesday August 21 (Flight day 14, Landing)
The crew of Endeavour went right to work after waking up on Tuesday, completing the close-out of the Spacehab module, and getting into the deorbit preparations timeline. They closed payload bay doors, transitioned the vehicle computers to landing software mode and donned their reentry suits. At 14:30 UTC, the crew was given the "go" to begin fluid loading. This was done to assist with the crew's ability to adjust to gravity, and to prevent hypotension after landing. At 12:30 UTC, the Space Flight Meteorology Group reported to Entry Team Flight Director Steve Stich that the weather forecast was a "go". The weather at Kennedy Space Center showed only scattered showers moving away from the landing facility, and cross winds were not expected to be a problem. At 15:08 UTC, the crew was given a "go" for the deorbit burn, and the auxiliary power units were started at 15:20 UTC. The 4-minute engine burn was successfully completed at 15:28 UTC, slowing Endeavour by approximately 252 mph and adjusting the orbiter's trajectory correctly for landing.

Radar acquisition of Endeavour through MILA happened at 16:19 UTC. At 16:20 UTC, the shuttle had passed the area of peak heating, with no issues reported on board. Main landing gear touchdown occurred at 16:32:16 UTC with nose gear touchdown at 16:32:29 UTC. The orbiter came to a complete stop at 16:33:20 UTC. Upon wheel stop, CAPCOM Christopher Ferguson told the crew, "Congratulations, you've given a new meaning to the term 'higher education.'"

Initial post-landing inspection of the orbiter showed very little additional damage to the thermal tiles affected by the foam strike during launch. Barbara Morgan did not exit the crew transport vehicle with the rest of the crew; she remained on board the vehicle to receive additional medical tests, and would return to the Astronaut Crew Quarters in that vehicle. The remaining six crew members briefly examined the orbiter, doing the traditional post-flight "walkaround", posed for photos, and then returned to the crew quarters in the Astrovan.

During the post-landing briefing, NASA Administrator Michael D. Griffin reported that the International Space Station was approximately 60% completed following STS-118. Griffin also stressed the importance of space exploration, and added that the damaged tile on the underside of the orbiter did very well during re-entry.

Associate Administrator for Spaceflight Operations William H. Gerstenmaier reported the damage was actually less than what the arc jet testing produced, a situation that NASA anticipated, and managers had earlier stressed that arc jets show "worst possible" damage. Launch Director Mike Leinbach stressed how pleased he was with the mission, and with the condition of the vehicle following re-entry. He stated it was "one of the cleanest vehicles the managers have seen since the Return to Flight policies were implemented, if not the cleanest."

At the end of the briefing, Griffin commented to the media who focused on Barbara Morgan being the first "teacher in space", that Morgan was not technically a "teacher in space", nor was she an "educator astronaut". He stated she was accepted as a mission specialist, before the new class of mission specialist educators were selected in 2004, and NASA considers her to be a mission specialist, who was once a teacher. However, NASA does refer to Morgan as a mission specialist educator in a number of interviews, so the terms seem to be interchangeable to most, if not to Griffin.

During the post-landing crew press conference, Kelly was asked "Did the tile damage enter your mind at all during re-entry, and what did you think about it once you got a look during the walkaround?" Kelly's reply was, "I thought about it, but only because I knew I'd be asked about it. I didn't worry about it at all. I was underwhelmed by it."

Summarizing her thoughts on her time in space, Morgan commented, ""You know, there's a great sense of pride to be able to be involved in a human endeavor that takes us all a little bit farther, when you look down and see our Earth... and you realize what we are trying to do as a human race, it's pretty profound.""

Wake-up calls
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by their family, and usually has special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.

Contingency mission
STS-322 was the designation given to the Contingency Shuttle Crew Support mission which would have been launched in the event Endeavour had become disabled during STS-118. It would have been a modified version of the STS-120 mission, which would have involved the launch date being brought forward. If it had been needed, it would have been launched no earlier than September 22, 2007. The crew for this mission would have been a four-person subset of the full STS-120 crew.

title: STS-118


text:
User talk:Tani~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Duk 20:10, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
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Don't spam Wikipedia
Hi Tani, please don't spam Wikipedia --Duk 20:12, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Tani. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Tani~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:17, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:29, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Tani~enwiki


text:
Moudania

Moudania (Μουδανιά, Moudaniá) may refer to:

 * Moudania, the Greek name of Mudanya, a town in Asia Minor, Turkey
 * Moudania (former municipality), a municipal unit in Chalkidiki, Greece, named after Mudanya
 * Nea Moudania, a town in Chalkidiki, Greece

title: Moudania


text:
User talk:Editorgeek

Welcome!
Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at the Guide to layout, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

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Happy editing! Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 20:11, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Editorgeek


text: Template:Integrals

title: Template:Integrals


text:
Reventador

Reventador is an active stratovolcano which lies in the eastern Andes of Ecuador. It lies in a remote area of the national park of the same name, which is Spanish for "exploder". Since 1541, it has erupted over 25 times, although its isolated location means that many of its eruptions have gone unreported.

The largest historical eruption occurred in 2002. During that eruption, the plume from the volcano reached a height of 17 km and pyroclastic flows proceeded to 7 km from the cone. On March 30, 2007, the mountain ejected ash to a height of about 3.2 km. No injuries or damage were reported. Its most recent eruption began on 27 July 2008, and it has remained in continuing eruption status (intermittent eruptive events without a break of 3 months or more) as of 15 October 2021.

Reventador is part of a chain of volcanoes in the Cordillera Real, much further east than the main volcanic axis of the region. The volcano rises above the jungles of the western Amazon basin and the flanks are densely clad in forests. The volcano has a caldera that is 4 km across; there is a wide gap in the caldera wall to the east, formed by a collapse of the structure. There is an unvegetated stratovolcano rising about 1300 m from inside the caldera, and this is the main seat of current volcanic activity. The lavas are andesitic.

Reventador is one of the most active volcanoes in Ecuador. In 2020, there were near daily emissions of clouds of ash rising one or two kilometres into the air, occasional crater incandescence, and frequent avalanches of incandescent blocks.

title: Reventador


text:
Talk:Zatanna

Publication History format versus Fictional Character Biography format
One thing I've noticed is that some comic book character articles use a Publication History format and others use a Fictional Character Biography format. I've seen a few that use both. In my opinion, if this is indeed an encyclopedia article as opposed to a contemporary comic book guidebook of a comic book company's characters, the Publication history is a necessity as it gives the real world information about the character and then it can track how that character developed over the years. The real world information is essential to an encyclopedia article. I'm not at all opposed to a fictional character biography but if used it should follow the more factual real world publication history. Fictional character biographies can also be very fluid and that should be included in some way or form. beanlynch 16:05, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

Untitled
Zatanna's appearances in Justice League Unlimited have shown that she does indeed have magical powers. Adam Y.

Rape
"(the idea of rape has been disputed by editors)" ...What? The Identity Crisis paperback's 'Dissection' by Brad Meltzer and Rags Morales clearly refers to this as "The rape, pages 54-55". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.148.241.83 (talk) 17:44, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

SHB pic
I can't see why changing the pic just because someone think it's "ugly". This is no valid reason to make an edit. Wikipedia is about likes and dislikes now? The original one is good enough so it stays there. 200.162.245.104 18:28, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Reverting each other is not a sensible way to chose a picture. Hold a vote if you need to (post at Current surveys if you want more voices), or one of you just compromise and stop this ridiculous war. — Asbestos | Talk   (RFC)  20:45, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, where are SoM, 65.98.21.69, DrBat, 65.110.6.40 and Rsffblcb from Hell? It seems no one but Phil Sandifer felt like discussing the subject. So, End of story? 200.162.245.104 20:23, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Takes folks from opposing sides to come to an agreement. What's your position?  Everyone involved in the recent edit war needs to begin talking, and not just to say "where's everybody else?" · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 20:48, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I prefer the bolland, and please. lets not use edits to pass on messages and insult others, thats what talk sections for Sunburst 20:58, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * My position? Well, as I said above I can't see why changing the pic just because someone think it's ugly. I'm for Bolland's. Iconic illustration, beautiful pin-up, that's it. 200.162.245.104 00:09, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Protected
The behavior shown in these edit summaries is appalling. Please use the talk page to come to an agreement, and remember Wikipedia's mandates about civility and no personal attacks. If you can't agree, avail yourself of dispute resolution, but edit warring and mudslinging is no way to conduct yourself here. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 19:38, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

Comment
I think I prefer the Bolland version here - it's a more iconic shot of Zatanna, and Bolland is the more classic/traditional style artist, making it a better illustration of the character. Phil Sandifer 20:46, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

I, too, support the Bolland image. --DrBat 12:11, 15 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I count four people who support Bolland and zero others. That seems a decent consensus. On the strength of that consensus I'm going to unprotect the article. There should be enough of you here to enforce that consensus if necessary, since it seems the detractors don't feel like talking. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 18:00, 15 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your help. 200.162.245.104 19:54, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Picture
"Bolland is the more classic/traditional style artist, making it a better illustration of the character." - That statement is alike to a sick joke.

Just because it's older doesn't mean it's somehow "better". Maybe more nostalgic for some, but that's nothing to do with the actual quality of the picture...

The face part of the drawing makes her look like a monkey, it's extremely poor quality and that part looks like it was drawn by a child... --Mistress Selina Kyle 18:58, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * It was put to a vote; more wanted Bolland. Many consider Bolland to be a better and more well-known artist than Sook. --DrBat 19:04, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Avoid weasel words. You consider that. --Mistress Selina Kyle 19:10, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not a weasel word. Bolland has been around for a long time, and he has done several well-known stuff. He is arguably more iconic than Sook, who is relatively knew. --DrBat 19:14, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * To you. I've never even heard of this hack, and the Sook picture is obviously better... --Mistress Selina Kyle 19:15, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Regardless, four people prefer the Bolland picture. You prefer the other.  Consensus is therefore for the Bolland picture.  Please respect consensus, not to mention Wikipedia's policies about civility. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 19:19, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Phil Sandifer, Sunburst, DrBat and an anon all preferred the Bolland picture. Even discounting the anon, the Bolland picture was still preferred three-to-one.  Consensus is not with you, Selina. Please respect consensus. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 19:29, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * This is ridiculous. You're only taking into an account the views of a tiny amount of people and parading them as the "majority"... --Mistress Selina Kyle 19:31, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * It is the majority of people who have discussed the issue on this talk page. It's unreasonable to expect every Wikipedian to come to every page and voice an opinion on every subject.  But on this subject, the majority that have weighed in on the question prefers Bolland.  That's how Wikipedia works.  · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 19:32, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

For the record, I still prefer the Sook pic (I missed the earlier psuedo-vote because I was sick of the mess here and didn't really want to be associated with the edit-summary war). The Bolland pic's grin is outright creepy. - SoM 19:44, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, you've made the issue legitimately more contested; I'd say there then is no consensus currently. (2:4 or 2:3 is a different matter than 1:4 or 1:3).  The question now becomes how to resolve the conflict. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 20:14, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Since this question is now legitimately contested, and since suspicious anons have suddenly come out of the woodwork, I have protected the article. Please work toward an amicable solution here on the talk page. Perhaps the answer is to include both pictures somewhere in the article. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 20:17, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Including both pics would bring in fair use problems though. See WP:CENT/FUC - SoM 23:04, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmmmm... yes, I see. Well, maybe the answer then is to simply go with a current illustration.  Whoever's doing the regular illustrating on this comic currently.  (Sorry, I have no idea what this thing is, I can't contribute much to the specifics.)  · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 23:15, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Technically, that's the Sook image then, since that was published in November 2005, a month or so back, and the Bolland image is from March 2003. - SoM 23:20, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Sorry to enter the discussion at such a late moment, but I actually prefer the Sook image (and am therefore pleased with how things have shaken out). Grant Morrison's recent take on Zatanna in Seven Soldiers (drawn by Sook) effectively reconceived the character, and should have primacy of place here, in my opinion. As we achieve consensus on images we should also work on filling in this entry a bit. One way to bolster it might be by including information on the recently published crossover collection JLA: Zatanna's Search, (DC Comics, 2004; ISBN 1401201881), and by describing in more detail the role Z. has played in the disbanding of the JLA. Zatanna will (I'd guess) also be a major player in Infinite Crisis, as she strikes me as one of the few magic-powered people left standing in the DC universe who could face down the Spectre (who's currently out of control).Galliaz 00:04, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

I prefer the Bolland picture. He has a far greater reputation than Sook (whose work I'm currently discovering and liking with X-Factor), his version more easily shows more of the character because it's not foreshortened, and the lighting and color in it is way more appropriate for a encylopedic entry, in my opinion, than the Sook one. Her face is fine. Nightscream 07:50, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * It's clear that this is going to remain disputed. Therefore I'd like people to think about ways to find a fair compromise.  I am increasingly of the opinion that the most fair way to handle this is to simply use an example of the current illustrator.  Sort of like alphabetizing the credits in a movie when it has an ensemble cast.  What does everyone think? · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 15:49, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Her miniseries, drawn by Sook, ended last month. She doesn't have an ongoing title. - SoM 17:45, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Any problem with using the Bolland and the Sook? DS 17:06, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Two:
 * Including both pics would bring in fair use problems, as I said above. See WP:CENT/FUC -
 * Even if it could be done, it still wouldn't settle the "who gets the box pic" debate. - SoM 17:45, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Would fair use allow us to include pics of all Zee's different costumes? (Either in this article, or a seperate article) She has 5, plus several sub-variants of them... Orville Eastland 14:10, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Hello! I was not a party to the above discussion (which took place 11 years ago, as of this writing) and had no idea that changing illustrations on articles about superheroes could generate such heated controversy. Nevertheless (and not having read this talk page), earlier today I updated the Adam Hughes illustration which has been in place since 2007 (9 years as of this writing) and replaced it with a Brian Boland illustration from the cover of the graphic novel Zatanna: Everyday Magic. Aside from simply refreshing the page visually, I think Boland's version captures the essence of the character really well, especially for readers who may never have heard of Zatanna. While Hughes' illustration is technically brilliant, its silly overemphasis on Zatanna's breasts bordered on the absurd and could convey an erroneous impression of what the character's about to those unfamiliar with her. Sexy? Yes. Sexpot? No. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Writerguy (talk • contribs) 21:28, 7 March 2016 (UTC)
 * I support the decision to return to a Brian Bolland image and I think layout of this image presents the character's appearance clearly and the playful nature of it displays personality. The Bolland image is great. Both Brian Bolland and Adam Hughes are A-caliber artists with iconic styles but a less sexualized image works better. And contrary to what the user Mistress Selina Kyle stated eleven years ago, Brian Bolland (as well as Hughes) are iconic and well respected artists who were top cover artists at the time of that debate, continue to be, and have been considered top artists in the industry since the 1980s. The way that user presented the issue suggested that the user had a very limited experience with the industry. The images that represent a current pop-trend in art styles usually date themselves quickly. The look currently shown of Zatanna is one that is returned to time and time again and remains current more so than a specific look of the moment from 11 years ago. beanlynch 15:16, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

"None of the above"
I see Nightscream's point about foreshortening, but I really hate the Bolland pic. What if I went through the Zatanna mini and saw if there was a better Sook pic? Would, in theory, people objecting to the current Sook pic possibly go across, or would I be wasting my time? - SoM 17:45, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * If you could find a better image, go ahead. --DrBat 17:52, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think it would be a waste of time. (And just for the record, Wizard magazine [#171] singled out Sook's cover to Seven Soldiers: Zatanna #1 as one of the "Top 10 Covers of 2005," p. 117).  There's an image of it here: http://www.thefourthrail.com/reviews/critiques/040405/sevensoldierszatanna1.shtml  I've no big problem with the Bolland image, but I kind of think it's also important (esp. in an updated encyclopedia) to provide an image and description of the latest creator's "take" on the character.--Galliaz 18:10, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 1)The cover in question isnt the aforementioned #1. 2), the there is no significant costume change between the two outfits. --DrBat 19:06, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. Nostalgia shouldn't be the priority... --Mistress Selina Kyle 18:41, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * DrB: I know the cover I linked to isn't "in question": I offered it as a possible alternative. I'm not re-hashing an old argument, just looking to get beyond this impasse.Galliaz 19:40, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I prefer the Bolland pic for the body, but I understand what Selina says about the face. I'm a big Zeelot, and I've got lots of pictures of her from comics...but they're all high-res. As a compromise, I'll see about getting the B&W image from the inside cover of Zatanna Special 1. What do you think of this idea? Orville Eastland 14:10, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * This sounds like a plan, to me. Galliaz 14:43, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * No B&W, but if you need to shrink a pic, use Irfanview - SoM 14:54, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

If the face on the Bolland picture is that objectionable to some people, I think perhaps we should find a third picture that we may prefer, like a different one by Sook that isn't foreshortened, and has more naturalistic lighting. Nightscream 07:40, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Just wanted to pitch in and say that I'm perfectly comfortable with the current picture, and detested the Bolland one as well. Although Sook may be a new artist, I like his work, and prefer it when it comes to Zatanna. That's just my two cents. Kusonaga 14:22, 27 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry that I'm such a late-comer to this discussion. It *does* seem a little silly to me that this article has gone all the way to protected status over simply a choice of picture.  However, I believe Sook's style is over-all a cleaner and more modernized representation of the character as she is currently being published in DC.  Perhaps a compromise would be to simply offer the Bolland picture in its own article, perhaps as a small gallery representation of older renditions of the character?  It would seem that this way, the Sook image is not presenting a 'better' version, simply the most current one (in line with Wiki trying to be a relatively up-to-date reference source), and the Bolland or other past artist renderings can still be satisfactorily presented, within their context (which should even better satisfy those who appreciate those images more).  Since the discussion has also turned to expanding this article and better defining the stages of her career, I don't see why this shouldn't also include older images to help illustrate, literally, those same various stages. 70.180.222.57 11:03, 30 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Probably in this situation the solution would be to create a gallery. Unfortunately we can't do that because it would violate the fair use copyright license under which we're using them.  We really must only have one picture, and therein comes the problems.  I still think the fairest way to determine what picture to use (in the broad sense) is to simply say we should use one from the current illustrator.  As I've said before, similar to the way cast lists are handled with ensemble casts (alphabetical). · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 07:31, 31 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, that limitation being the case, I'd have to cast my vote for the Sook illustration based on a more aesthetic appreciation of how it represents the character, as well as the fact that it represents the most current rendering of Zatanna as yet available. Bolland's drawing demonstrates great talent, but he is not the prominent illustrator drawing her now.  I would consider the comparison that if we were to look at the Superman article, or Batman, we wouldn't necessarily use as the prominent image a Curt Swan or Bob Kane drawing.  We would more likely use a John Byrne or Jim Lee drawing--indeed in those articles there seems little to no debate at this magnitude regarding just an image.  In fact, while Zatanna's always been one of my personal favorites alongside the "Trenchcoat Brigade" and assembled supporting cast, she isn't on par of cultural influence with those aforementioned other heroes--if so many can seem to get along in editing and handling the Wiki articles for them, it would seem arguing to this level about Zatanna is kind of pointless.  I go for the Sook drawing.  Removing all arguments about the look, it's an objective fact that he's the most recent illustrator, period. 68.96.174.125 05:12, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Except Jim Lee hasnt worked on Batman for a while, only doing one arc for him. Should we change the image for one of the artists currently illustrating his titles?--DrBat 14:29, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, I'd say that's a reasonable argument. It's an edit that would keep Wiki articles as up-to-date as possible.  Obviously somewhere in the article one could also edit to note who the most prominent artists have been on the work in the past, and then it's up to a particular visitor's choice if they want to independently seek out samples of a particular artist's work on that character themselves.  The Wiki article, as far as any illustrating image should be concerned, should really ideally have just the most recent representation of the character up so that visitors reading it have an idea of the most recent information, in this case appearance, that's pertinent. 68.96.174.125 23:54, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Future direction of the article
Once we get this out of the way, we really need to expand the article. I feel guilty for not doing enough. The question is, how much can we put in without turning it into a trivia dump? (I would like her article to run for several pages, but that's just because I love her. :) ) Orville Eastland 14:10, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * One way to organize the biographical portion of the entry might be by concisely describing Z.'s part in events and series; a possible sequence might be: (1) Search for Zatara; (2) Justice League; (3) Identity Crisis; (4) "Crisis of Conscience" (JLA 115-119); and (5) Seven Soldiers: Zatanna 1-4 (and other spanning issues in this series).Galliaz 14:34, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd add a section regarding her career from when she left the JLA and till IdC, especially since that time would include a miniseries as well as her Secret Origins story. I'd also go into a bit more detail on her powers, as well as her skills, do a section (And possibly a seperate article- see above) on her costumes, as well as a section on her romantic interests. Orville Eastland 22:28, 26 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm less familiar with the post-JLA (pre IdC) period that you mentioned, but it definitely sounds crucial to any "bio" of the character. The other additions you mention sound sensible to me, too.  As to future directions, in Wizard #172 Brad Meltzer, who will be penning the new JLA series that emerges after Infinite Crisis, is asked about the potential line-up.  Here's what he says when asked about Z.: "The first biggest female crush I have." (p. 65) It's pretty clear that she'll be a major player (and maybe she'll do more than save the day at the last possible minute and mind-wipe people).  So now we have Paul Dini, Alex Ross, and Meltzer on record saying that they're in love with the character --maybe it's something DC puts in the ink?--Galliaz 15:16, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

Current illustrator proposal
Would people please voice how they feel about this? We need to start moving forward so the article can be unprotected. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 15:38, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Happy New Year, everyone. I've been in favor of Katefan0's compromise suggestion all along.  Yes, let's move on.--Galliaz 15:53, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Her Sook-illustrated miniseries ended in November. She doesn't have a "current illustrator" - SoM 16:27, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I fail to see how this clarification is necessary as I think it's plainly obvious, but just for utter certitude: the comic's most current illustrator. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 03:24, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Now Zatanna DOES have a more current illustrator and oddly enough, ONE OF them is Bolland, whom people are lampooning regularly. Also, Zatanna has been handed much more recently by Adam Hughes and any version from Zatanna's recent series are more of a classic look for Zatanna than Sook's version. Sook's version is great, but it is a little more gothic than Zatanna is typically depicted. So, one of the recent covers of Zatanna's own on-going series, should probably be used or the amazing Adam Hughes cover from Catwoman. You could even use the stupid icon cover that has Zatanna's Icon as a hat. [User:CureWhite|CureWhite] (talk) 04:00, 25 July 2011 (UTC)]

Unprotected
The article has been unprotected. Please continue to civilly work out your differences on the talk page. If edit warring starts up again, I'll protect it again but would prefer not to have to do that. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 18:40, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

Conjura?
I came across a passing reference to "an obscure comic-book character called Conjura", didn't know who that was, looked it up on Wikipedia and got redirected here. But there's no mention of any "Conjura" in the article. What's up? 86.132.136.249 (talk) 16:59, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

Speculation
I removed the following text:
 * Smallville
 * The 17th episode of Smallville's 8th season, "Hex", features a character named "Cassie" who shares Zatanna's back story and origin. It is likely that "Cassie" is a substitute name and it is Smallville's version of Zatanna.
 * The 17th episode of Smallville's 8th season, "Hex", features a character named "Cassie" who shares Zatanna's back story and origin. It is likely that "Cassie" is a substitute name and it is Smallville's version of Zatanna.
 * The 17th episode of Smallville's 8th season, "Hex", features a character named "Cassie" who shares Zatanna's back story and origin. It is likely that "Cassie" is a substitute name and it is Smallville's version of Zatanna.

The reference given was http://www.kryptonsite.com/smallvillespoilers.htm

It has been restored. I still think it should be removed. This isn't a fact, it's speculation.

The source contains the sentence "We're wondering if "Cassie" might be a substitute name for the DC Comics magician character Zatanna, much like "Melissa" was substituted for "Maxima" in initial leaks." The page is heavily hedged with a notice that says that "Remember, spoilers are pure speculation and could turn out to be false."

This obviously isn't a reliable source. I'm taking the step of removing it again since this is such a clear-cut case. --TS 11:57, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

Citation formatting
At Citation templates, it states that "editors should not add citation templates, or change an article with a consistent citation format to another, without gaining consensus." Several of the comic books cited in the References are lacking publication dates. Of the 29 comic book cited, only 4 of them are cited using the {cite comic} template. It appeared to me that if 25 of the 29 comic book citations were not using this template, then it's better to not use it in this article. However, my edits were reverted with the summary "If going for consistancy in the cites, please use the templates". This is the first time that anyone has reverted my edits because of my citations style. Now, I really want to make clear that I am not interested in getting into an edit war of any kind with anyone. This is not meant to step on any toes. Wikipedia is a hobby (for me anyway) and hobbies are not about stress. So let's see what kind of consensus we can get here.

Also, a few things about the comic site template that bother me. Do we really need to see "New York, NY: DC Comics" posted after every comic book? If a character has been published by multiple publishers (as in the case of Blue Beetle for example), then yes, I can see the use of this. For a character such as Zatanna, couldn't a simple "all appearances are in DC Comics publications unless otherwise noted" be made? This is probably outside the parameters of this talk page.

Why is a volume number included for Detective Comics? I thought the MOS was to only include volume numbers *after* one.

All these years of seeing issue numbers with either a # or a "No." make it a bit jarring to see (833). It looks like an area code!

Also, why is there a citation to someone's "livejournal"? Possible WP:ELNEVER

What is "Zatanna: A Magic Story" in Spanish. The link doesn't work. I couldn't fine it in a Google search and the title sounds like a fan fiction site. I deleted it but it was reverted back as well. WP:NONENGEL

Mtminchi08 (talk) 17:12, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

 * From the bottom up:
 * http://odemajo.iespana.es/ link - Fair point, though noting the non-English reason would have been worthwhile at the onset.
 * livegournal - Technically the restriction you pointed to deals with external links not references. And it wasn't something you had removed. The edit made was to "cover" the raw URL. There are other issues though:
 * Whether livegournal sites are considered reliable for references for articles in general or in this specific case. If it is essentially a blog, "unreliable" is going to be to likely case.
 * A bigger "this is wrong" would have been pointing out that, in general, images are not considered sources. If the image is needed in the article, uploaded it in to Wiki. If the article cannot support it, or it's redundant, or decoration - two out of three in this case - then using the footnotes as an end run is enough to get the link removed.
 * As for consistency... the long and the short is that at a project level there has been a move to migrate to using the cite template. Mostly this is to get information that should be in the cite into it, such as the story title, writer, artist, and as needed page and panel. Yes, it has a few down sides:
 * The X(Y) volume issue notation. That was place for consistency with other publication cite templates.
 * The required "Publisher" field.
 * The location and ID fields are optional ones that most times aren't used.
 * As to fixing those issues... here isn't the place for that discussion. I've started a section at Template talk:Cite comic outlining what looks like the major two glitches. Comments to that would be welcome.
 * - J Greb (talk) 23:36, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the explanations. I appreciate your patience with me.  The comic site template issues are ones I'll discuss at the other talk page.

Mtminchi08 (talk) 09:46, 5 February 2011 (UTC)

Zatannas relationship with Constantine cannon?
Im not sure on this as the only vertigo stuff I have read is stuff like y the last man and fables. BUT I was under the impression the Constantines series was not apart of the main dcu kind of like the marvel max punisher series. From what I have read the 2 universes differ in some significant ways and that the dc editors have for the most part not allowed Constantine to appear outside the vertigo series (until very recently. My point being that if that is the case then should it not be mentioned in that the zatanna that had a relationship with him is an alternate one? 65.183.214.150 (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 03:36, 17 November 2011 (UTC).

Relationships
When it reads "A pep talk between the two women confirms how Zatanna really meant...", we are talking about who and who? Because three women are mentioned (Zatanna, Catwoman and Jezebel Jet).Brazilian Man (talk) 18:48, 11 April 2012 (UTC)

Zatanna series- Featured on Spanish Wikipedia, nothing on here?
I notice that the Zatanna series was featured on the Spanish Wikipedia: es:Zatanna (serie limitada) - But there is no interwiki link. Do we not have an article on this series? 200.54.64.26 (talk) 15:19, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:52, 19 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Zatanna bound and gagged.png.jpg

title: Talk:Zatanna


text:
Martin Lings

Martin Lings (24 January 1909 – 12 May 2005), also known as Abū Bakr Sirāj ad-Dīn, was an English writer, Islamic scholar, and philosopher. A student of the Swiss metaphysician Frithjof Schuon and an authority on the work of William Shakespeare, he is best known as the author of Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, first published in 1983 and still in print.

Early life and education
Lings was born in Burnage, Manchester, in 1909 to a Protestant family. He gained an introduction to travelling at a young age, spending significant time in the United States because of his father's employment. He attended Clifton College and went on to Magdalen College, Oxford, where he gained a BA in English Language and Literature. At Magdalen, he was a student and then a close friend of C. S. Lewis. After graduating from Oxford Lings went to Vytautas Magnus University, in Lithuania, where he taught Anglo-Saxon and Middle English.

For Lings himself, however, the most important event while at Oxford was his discovery of the writings of René Guénon, a French metaphysician and Muslim convert, and those of Frithjof Schuon, a German spiritual authority, metaphysician and Perennialist. In 1938, Lings went to Basel to make Schuon's acquaintance. This prompted him to embrace the branch of the Alawiyya tariqa led by Schuon. Thereafter, Lings remained Schuon's disciple and expositor for the rest of his life.

Career
In 1939, Lings went to Cairo, Egypt, to visit a friend who was an assistant of René Guénon. Soon after arriving in Cairo, his friend died and Lings began studying Arabic. Cairo became his home for over a decade; he became an English language teacher at the University of Cairo and produced Shakespeare plays annually. Lings married Lesley Smalley in 1944 and lived with her in a village near the pyramids. Despite having settled comfortably in Egypt, Lings was forced to leave in 1952 after anti-British disturbances.

On returning to the United Kingdom he continued his education, earning a BA in Arabic and a PhD from the School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London). His doctoral thesis became a book on Algerian Sufi Ahmad al-Alawi. After completing his doctorate in 1959, Lings worked at the British Museum and later the British Library, overseeing eastern manuscripts and other textual works, rising to the position of Keeper of Oriental Printed Books and Manuscripts 1970–73. He was also a frequent contributor to the journal Studies in Comparative Religion.

A writer throughout this period, Lings' output increased in the last quarter of his life. While his thesis work on Ahmad al-Alawi had been well regarded, his most famous work was a biography of Muhammad, written in 1983, which earned him acclaim in the Muslim world and prizes from the governments of Pakistan and Egypt. His work was hailed as the "best biography of the prophet in English" at the National Seerat Conference in Islamabad. He also continued travelling extensively, although he made his home in Kent. He died on 12 May 2005.

Lings and a Salafist scholar named Abu Bilal Mustafa al-Kanadi had a public debate about some accounts of Lings' Biography of Islamic Prophet Muhammad. The exchange was published by Saudi Gazette.

His contribution to Shakespeare scholarship was to point out the deeper esoteric meanings found in Shakespeare's plays, and the spirituality of Shakespeare himself. More recent editions of Lings's books on Shakespeare include a foreword by Charles III. Just before his death he gave an interview on this topic, which was posthumously made into the film ''Shakespeare's Spirituality: A Perspective. An Interview With Dr. Martin Lings''.

Books

 * The Underlying Religion (World Wisdom, 2007) ISBN 978-1-933316-43-7
 * Splendors of Qur'an Calligraphy And Illumination (2005), Thesaurus Islamicus Foundation, Thames & Hudson, ISBN 0-500-97648-1
 * A Return to the Spirit : Questions and Answers (2005), Fons Vitae, ISBN 1-887752-74-9
 * Sufi Poems : A Mediaeval Anthology (2005), Islamic Texts Society, ISBN 1-903682-18-5
 * Mecca: From Before Genesis Until Now (2004), Archetype, ISBN 1-901383-07-5
 * The Eleventh Hour: the Spiritual Crisis of the Modern World in the Light of Tradition and Prophecy (2002), Archetype, ISBN 1-901383-01-6
 * Collected Poems, revised and expanded (2002), Archetype, ISBN 1-901383-03-2
 * Ancient Beliefs and Modern Superstitions (2001), Archetype, ISBN 1-901383-02-4
 * What is Sufism (Islamic Texts Society, 1999) ISBN 978-0-946621-41-5
 * The Secret of Shakespeare : His Greatest Plays seen in the Light of Sacred Art (1998), Quinta Essentia, distributed by Archetype, (hb), ISBN 1-870196-15-5
 * Sacred Art of Shakespeare : To Take Upon Us the Mystery of Things (Inner Traditions, 1998) 0892817178
 * A Sufi saint of the twentieth century: Shaikh Ahmad al-°Alawi, his spiritual heritage and legacy (Islamic Texts Society, 1993) ISBN 0-946621-50-0
 * Symbol & Archetype : A Study of the Meaning of Existence (1991, 2006), Fons Vitae Quinta Essentia series, ISBN 1-870196-05-8
 * Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources (Islamic Texts Society, 1983) ISBN 978-0-946621-33-0 (World-UK edn) / ISBN 978-1-59477-153-8 (US edn)
 * The Quranic Art of Calligraphy and Illumination (World of Islam Festival Trust, 1976) ISBN 0-905035-01-1
 * The Heralds, and other Poems 1970
 * The Elements, and Other Poems (1967), Perennial Books
 * The Book of Certainty: The Sufi Doctrine of Faith, Wisdom and Gnosis signed as Abu Bakr Siraj ad-Din. Cambridge, Islamic Texts Society, 1992 (1st ed. 1952).

title: Martin Lings