text:
Democratic Party of Albanians

The Democratic Party of Albanians (Partia Demokratike e Shqiptarëve; Демократска партија на Албанците, Demokratska Partija na Albancite) or DPA is a political party of ethnic Albanians in North Macedonia. The DPA is a merger of the Party for Democratic Prosperity of Albanians (PDPA) and the People's Democratic Party (NDP) which took place in June 1997. The former party was established in 1994 after some radical members of the Party for Democratic Prosperity, led by Menduh Thaçi and Arbën Xhaferi, left the PDP and the latter party was founded in August 1990 as a more radical opponent of the PDP. The party's main symbol consists of the black double-headed eagle found on the Albanian flag, but with white eyes, on a red background, again, found on the Albanian flag. This background is encased in a golden outline, with a waving flag-like object of the same colour, but with bold, black letters saying, "PDSH." The party flag is the coat of arms of the party, but with a red background, found on the Albanian flag.

History
At the 2002 legislative elections, the party won 5.2% of the popular vote and 7 out of 120 seats. The party lost its status as a government party due to the defeat of the VMRO-DPMNE. At the 2006 parliamentary elections, the party increased its support, winning 7.5% of the vote and 11 seats. After the elections the DPA entered the government coalition led by the VMRO-DPMNE. DPA returned to opposition after the 2008 legislative early election.

In the 2011 parliamentary election, DPA received 5.9% of the popular vote, winning 8 seats. This is a loss of 3 seats from the previous election.

title: Democratic Party of Albanians


text: User:Lexi Marie/desk

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Lexi Marie/desk


text:
Democratic Party of Serbs in Macedonia

The Democratic Party of Serbs in Macedonia (DPSM; Демократска партија Срба у Македонији, Demokratska partija Srba u Makedoniji; Демократска партија на Србите во Македонија, Demokratska partija na Srbite vo Makedonija; abbr. ДПСМ, DPSM) is a political party representing the interests of Serbs in North Macedonia as well as other political, social and economic issues.

Overview
At the last legislative elections, April 2014, the party won one out of 120 seats.

DPSM's elected Parliamentary Deputy is Ivan Stoilković who is the current President of the DPSM. Stoilković was appointed government minister in the cabinet of Hristijan Mickoski in 2024.

Goals
The party goals may be defined as: preservation and advancement of Serbs and their respective culture and heritage by legal implementation and practical projects and support for the development of North Macedonia as a multiethnic, free-market orientated democracy. It has traditional base of members and supporters in the regions of Skopska Crna Gora inhabited by Serbs, among Serbs in the cities of Skopje and Kumanovo and among other minor communities of Serbs in other areas of North Macedonia.

From the inception of political pluralism in the Republic of Macedonia, it is by far the most representative political option for Serbs in this state and since the 2001 change of party leadership, its preferred political partner is VMRO-DPMNE, current leader of parliamentary position.

title: Democratic Party of Serbs in Macedonia


text:
Democratic Alternative (North Macedonia)

The Democratic Alternative (Демократска алтернатива, ДА, Demokratska Alternativa) or DA is a centrist political party in North Macedonia. The Democratic Alternative was formed in March 1998 by Vasil Tupurkovski, charismatic member of the last Presidency of the former Yugoslavia.

Prior to the 1998 elections, DA entered into a coalition with VMRO-DPMNE with which it won the elections and formed a ruling government. The period in the government of this party, from the end of 1998 to the end of 2000, will be remembered mostly for the controversial decision to recognize the Republic of China instead of the People's Republic of China. DA argued that such diplomatic move would help North Macedonia attract significant foreign investment from Taiwan - with even a sum of US$1 billion being mentioned by Tupurkovski. All of this proved to be only a dream, as Taiwanese money never came even after recognition from North Macedonia. By 2002 North Macedonia formally reversed its decision on Taiwan and after much wrangling re-established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China.

In addition to causing major problems for North Macedonia's economy and international relations, the embarrassing fiasco cost DA its political future. In the 2002 election, the party won only 1.43% of the popular vote and no seats.


text:
Rūpa

Rūpa means "form". As it relates to any kind of basic object, it has more specific meanings in the context of Indic religions.

Definition
According to the Monier-Williams Dictionary (2006), rūpa is defined as:
 * ... any outward appearance or phenomenon or colour (often pl.), form, shape, figure RV. &c &c ...
 * to assume a form ; often ifc. = " having the form or appearance or colour of ", " formed or composed of ", " consisting of ", " like to " ....

Hinduism
In Hinduism, many compound words are made using rūpa to describe subtle and spiritual realities such as the svarupa, meaning the form of the self. It may be used to express matter or material phenomena, especially that linked to the power of vision in samkhya, In the Bhagavad Gita, the Vishvarupa form, an esoteric conception of the Absolute is described.

Buddhism
Overall, rūpa is the Buddhist concept of material form, including both the body and external matter.

More specifically, in the Pali Canon, rūpa is contextualized in three significant frameworks:
 * rūpa-khandha – "material forms," one of the five aggregates (khandha) by which all phenomena can be categorized (see Fig. 1).
 * rūpa-āyatana – "visible objects," the external sense objects of the eye, one of the six external sense bases (āyatana) by which the world is known (see Fig. 2).
 * nāma-rūpa – "name and form" or "mind and body," which in the causal chain of dependent origination (paticca-samuppāda) arises from consciousness and leads to the arising of the sense bases.

In addition, more generally, rūpa is used to describe a statue, in which it is sometimes called Buddharupa.

In Buddhism, Rūpa is one of Skandha, it perceived by colors and images.

Rūpa-khandha
According to the Yogacara school, rūpa is not matter as in the metaphysical substance of materialism. Instead it means both materiality and sensibility—signifying, for example, a tactile object both insofar as that object is made of matter and that the object can be tactically sensed. In fact rūpa is more essentially defined by its amenability to being sensed than its being matter: just like everything else it is defined in terms of its function; what it does, not what it is. As matter, rūpa is traditionally analysed in two ways: as four primary elements (Pali, mahābhūta); and, as ten or twenty-four secondary or derived elements.

Four primary elements
Existing rūpa consists in the four primary or underived (no-upādā) elements:
 * earth or solidity
 * fire or heat
 * water or cohesion
 * air or movement

Derived matter
In the Abhidhamma Pitaka and later Pali literature, rūpa is further analyzed in terms of ten or twenty-three or twenty-four types of secondary or derived (upādā) matter. In the list of ten types of secondary matter, the following are identified:
 * eye
 * ear
 * nose
 * tongue
 * body
 * form
 * sound
 * odour
 * taste
 * touch

If twenty-four secondary types are enumerated, then the following fifteen are added to the first nine of the above ten:
 * femininity
 * masculinity or virility
 * life or vitality
 * heart or heart-basis
 * physical indications (movements that indicate intentions)
 * vocal indications
 * space element
 * physical lightness or buoyancy
 * physical yieldingness or plasticity
 * physical handiness or wieldiness
 * physical grouping or integration
 * physical extension or maintenance
 * physical aging or decay
 * physical impermanence
 * food

A list of 23 derived types can be found, for instance, in the Abhidhamma Pitaka's Dhammasangani (e.g., Dhs. 596), which omits the list of 24 derived types' "heart-basis."

title: Rūpa


text:
Maurice Dane MacCarthy

Maurice Dane MacCarthy (May 11, 1878 – June 7, 1953) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1927 to 1953.

MacCarthy was born in Bracebridge, Ontario, the son of John Maurice MacCarthy and Ann Cooper, and was educated in that city. He worked as a farmer. In 1907, he married Frances Mary Tucker. A Roman Catholic, MacCarthy was also a member of the Knights of Columbus.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1927 election, for the rural constituency of Ste. Rose in the western part of the province. MacCarthy ran as a candidate of the Progressive Party, and defeated long-serving Conservative incumbent Joseph Hamelin by 224 votes. He was re-elected by an increased majority in the 1932 election, and was again returned to the legislature in the campaigns of 1936, 1941, 1945 and 1949. Following the merger of the Liberal and Progressive parties in 1932, he served as a Liberal-Progressive.

His only difficult bid for re-election came in 1941, when he defeated Social Credit candidate Paul Prince by 199 votes. He served as a government backbencher for his entire career in the legislature.

MacCarthy died at age seventy-five, one day before the 1953 provincial election, while seeking a seventh term in the legislature. He suffered a stroke at a political meeting, and died in hospital the same night. There is some confusion as to whether he died on June 7 or June 8, though newspaper reports from the period indicate the former.

On June 9, the Winnipeg Free Press newspaper published the following tribute: "The quiet-spoken member contributed little to the actual debates in the House, but no one would deny that he was most active on behalf of his constituency, and that in his own quiet, sincere and effective way he brought it benefits which a more vocal and less active member would have been unable to do."

title: Maurice Dane MacCarthy


text:
Democratic Party of Turks

The Democratic Party of Turks of Macedonia (Демократска партија на Турците на Македонија, Demokratska partija na Turcite na Makedonija; Makedonya Türk Demokratik Partisi) is a political party of the Turkish minority in North Macedonia. In the 2002 parliamentary elections, the party joined the SDSM-led coalition and won 2 seats. In the 2006 parliamentary elections, it joined the SDSM-led coalition and won 2 parliamentary seats. The Party was a part of the VMRO-DPMNE coalition for 8 years from 2008 to 2016. The Party has one member, Yusuf Hasani, in the Macedonian parliament. The party did participate in a coalition with SDSM-Besa in the 2020 parliamentary elections. The party did participate in a coalition with European Front-Democratic Union for Integration in the 2024 parliamentary elections.

title: Democratic Party of Turks