text:
Talk:Cyprus problem/Archive 4

Clean start
Dear all,

finally this page has been protected so as to end the editing war between various parties and solve the dispute on the content of the article on the Talk page. As long as this dispute is not solved, the page will stay protected and not be available for editing. This means we should come up with an agreement on how to proceed on this page. Either we have a new start (again), or we decide on one of the available versions as a basis. - Snchduer 12:55, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Possible versions
{Add only versions here that differ greatly from the ones mentioned here}

 * The current (protected) version: Cyprus dispute
 * Argyrosargyrou's version: Argyrosargyrou's version

How to proceed
{pro/con/contributions}

 * Voting on the versions
 * Discuss about different ways how to solve this editing dispute
 * Given past events in this article, a binary vote on version A or B probably won't work. It seems like the most likely way to arrive at something close to a consensus version is to construct an agreeable outline here, then fill in the grafs one by one. This will be slow and painful, but I can't think of a better way. Feco 15:04, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The problem is that the Turkish apologists here will not allow any historical facts and figures to be presented about Turkeys invasion of Cyprus no matter what the source. The don't want the ethnic cleansing of Greek Cypriots, the violation of human rights by the Turkish army, the missing persons, the destruction of cultural heritage or the illegal colonisation of Cyprus to be referred to at all. Nor do they won't any neutral reference made to the TMT terrorism in the 1950's and 60's, including deliberate attacks which Denktash ordered against Turkish Cypriots. They want all of this hidden from view just like the Hellenic Genocide. They don't want the reasons why the Greek Cypriots rejected the Annan plan to be revealed either because all that they want to do is to cast the Greek Cypriots in a bad light by omission. They want to present the Turks as angles and the their victims the Greek Cypriots as devils. What the are doing is equivalent to blaming the Jews for the NAZI holocaust. That is way every I have tried to add facts and figures of the Greek Cypriots suffering they have Vandalised the page over and over again, especially E.A and Snchduer.--Argyrosargyrou 15:30, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The problem is that the Greek nationalists here will not allow any historical facts and figures to be presented about Turkeys claims to Cyprus no matter what the source. The don't want the ethnic cleansing of Turkish Cypriots, the violation of human rights by the Greek army, the missing persons, the destruction of cultural heritage or the illegal colonisation of Cyprus to be referred to at all. Nor do they won't any neutral reference made to Greek terrorism in the 1950's and 60's, including deliberate attacks the Greek military government ordered against Turkish Cypriots. They want all...

 * That's because NONE OF WHAT YOU CLAIM EVER HAPPENED. That is the reason why you don't want the figures of the death tolls on both sides revealed or a historical account to be given because they would show that what you claim is a total and utter pack of lies. EOKA did not attack Turkish Cypriots. The facts and figures show that. It only attacked British forces and those collaborating with them. The Greek army did not touch even one Turkish Cypriot not did it ever move out of its barracks whereas the Turkish garrison attacked and captured two main highways and attacked UN peacekeepers, Cypriot civilians and the Cypriot security forces. You don't want any of this revealed because it shows that Turkey planed to destroy the Republic of Cyprus from the moment it gained independence and its atrocities in Cyprus in the 50's and 60's were mirrored in the Pogroms against the Greeks of Constantinople. Why did the Turkish forcibly deport 15,000 Greeks from Constantinople in 1964 ?--Argyrosargyrou 16:18, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * ...of this hidden from view just like the Hellenic Genocide. They don't want the reasons why the Turkish Cypriots accepted the Annan plan to be revealed either because all that they want to do is to cast the Turkish Cypriots in a bad light by omission. They want to present the Greeks as angles and the their victims the Turkish Cypriots as devils. What the are doing is equivalent to blaming the Jews for the NAZI holocaust. That is way every I have tried to add facts and figures of the Turkish Cypriots suffering they have Vandalised the page over and over again, especially Argyrosargyrou.

 * We know full well why the TC's accepted the Annan plan. Because it gave Cyprus to Turkey and deprived the Greek Cypriots of all of their land, property, and human and democratic rights and allowed the Turkish Colonists and Turkish troops to stay in Cyprus forever. By accepting the Annan plan the Turkish Cypriots voted for the Genocide of the Greek Cypriots by the imposition of conditions of life calculated to bring about their destruction. The Annan plan violated the International Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. That's why the Turkish apologists do not want the details of the Annan plan to be revealed.--Argyrosargyrou 16:21, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

The Greek Cypriots didnt touch one Turkish Cypriot?!?!?! are you mad! how can you stomach making a statement like that? I have been watching all the propoganda you spread all over the internet:

 * http://www.argyrosargyrou.fsnet.co.uk/turkey/Turkey.htm,
 * http://www.argyrosargyrou.fsnet.co.uk/humanrig.htm
 * http://www.argyrosargyrou.fsnet.co.uk/Violate.htm

What you try to achieve is truly despicable, you will not show one ounce of sympathy for the Turks who rounded up, shot and buried just for being Turkish. Disgraceful. --E.A 17:53, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Now, wasn't that productive? Perhaps you should work more towards the consensus. When you make a massive change all at once, it's more likely to be reverted as going against the collaborative spirit. As much as I hate the idea, it looks like a paragraph-by-paragraph consensus project is the only way to satisfy all parties. Feco 15:56, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Nice one, Feco. LOL. But I agree that a binary decision probably is not the best way of how to solve this editing dispute. And I would like all users to calm down a bit and refrain from wide-flung comparisons, as this is not helping anything. - Snchduer 16:08, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * On second thought: I have not yet seen any user except Argyrosargyrou who would in any way support his version of the article. I still wait to be disproven here. - Snchduer 18:45, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Comments
I think JL's version was an excellent article, it should be kept as the basis for any modifications which are agreed by the majority of editors here. --E.A 13:34, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This discussion is going nowhere. E.A, Snchduer, Feco, RickK have all voted for the deletion of the Hellenic Genocide page which is equivalent to denying the NAZI holocaust so they are acting as apologists and denialists for Turkey rather than being neutral. Expatkiwi is a supporter of the Turkish occupation regime in Cyprus as can be see from his contribution to other pages so he is not neutral either. I vote to reinstate the last page I edited. --Argyrosargyrou 14:57, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I initially voted for keeping the page. Those interested can read all of the gory details here. The reason for changing my vote? "the 'owners' of the articles are not receptive to anyone else's contribution" Feco 15:59, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I would like to have a page on the Hellenic genocide, but the current page (just as your temporary "Cyprus issue" page a copy from an internet page) is just an anti-Turkish rant, and not fit for an encyclopedia article. You discredit yourself. - Snchduer 18:07, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Argyrosargyrou is not neutral either, judging from his submissions, so I don't think reinstating his page is a good idea at all.--Expatkiwi 16:11, 29 May 2005

Page Archives
Your previous contributions to this discussion can be found in the talk archives (cf. start of page)

Argy - stop moving your content to new articles
Your new article of Turkish Invasion of Cyprus has the same content you were trying to put here. They will eventually be deleted or redirected.

The Unfortunate Truth
After having read everyone's comments about this subject, I think everyone involved in the editing of this article has violated the policy of Neutral Point of View. A simple fix would be to just make a page full of every possible link imaginable about the Cyprus dispute. I said previously, there is one website that is SUPERB: www.cyprus-conflict.net (of course knowing the people here I might be accused of being biased). It is praised by the UK's Guardian newspaper for being impartial, and has links where there offer statements of opposing view points. I know that the truth about the actions of Greeks and Turks on Cyprus is hard to swallow, but we have to swallow it to move forward. Most people have. Let me suggest that every political dispute article on Wikipedia, from Spratly Islands, to the Faulkland Islands to even Taiwan and the Israeli occupation of the West Bank should be relegated to just pages with an extensive list of websites as sources of info. (LOL that would mean becoming another Google, or might I say wikioogle. UNFanatic

 * I agree with your view of the cyprus-conflict.net site. It is really impartial, and offers also subjective views from both sides, along with a lot of documents. However, this encyclopedia's aim is not to simply duplicate websites - and as for the historical account cyprus-conflict.net offers, it is much too long for an ancyclopedia article. We can of course use this website as a major source of information. - Snchduer 22:03, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Not Advancing, People!
I just want to remind you that we are not advancing even a millimeter here. Maybe all the Turkish apologists can sit together, and invent conspire a new article, where the Turkish people are the heroes?

Or maybe we can stop insulting each other, grow up a bit and start to work seriously on this article. I would personally like to see both sides' (Greek and Turkish Cypriots) views included. There is no need to quote all the numbers (as they will differ anyways according to the sources), but I would like to see included also the unpleasant facts (violence of EOKA and TMT against all Cypriots, displacements and killings by the Turkish army as well as retaliatory actions against Turkish Cypriots) as well.

We should also remember that there are already articles about: so there is no need to write lengthy sections about these topics. A question still remains as to whether Turkish Cypriot Genocide should not be merged with this article (including information about displaced and killed Greek Cypriots in the corresponding section, of course). - Snchduer 17:53, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Turkish Cypriot Genocide (disputed title, proposal to be moved to Civilian casualties and displacements during the Cyprus conflict to include all violence between 1963 and 1974/5),
 * Annan Plan and
 * Cyprus reunification referendum, 2004,

 * Unfortunately, dear Snchduer, you either do not OR purposely elect not to understand Cyprus. There is no way to move forward when even the simple, self-evident facts are disputed and the rights of individuals recognized as the basis of a modern society are denied to any group. And I will request that this article remain locked because a few fanatics want to pass on their disinfomation. User:Argyrosargyrou was in many respects right, though expressing his view in a non-elegant and offensive way. Cyprus, you know, has been inhabited since the 6th millenium BC. Many aggressors have come and gone including super powers. The people of Cyprus has survived. The only thing we need is perseverence and dedication - nothing else! So I urge you to first discover Cyprus before attempting to be a mediator. --Ank99 09:58, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I AM discovering Cyprus more and more all the time; about the history befor 19th century, I am mostly aware btw. Mark also that I am not requesting this article to be unlocked, I am only trying to move forward the discussion on the article's content, which is exactly the place to discuss the "simple, self-evident facts" and their inclusion in the article. The problem about "being right" is that both sides claim to be - the problem is not only to present the facts, but to present them in a way that is not offensive to both sides, which may be difficult but I think not impossible. "Alice laughed. 'There's no use trying,' she said. 'One can't believe impossible things.' 'I daresay you haven't had much practice,' said the Queen. 'When I was your age, I always did it half an hour a day. Why, sometimes, I've believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast.'" -- Lewis Carroll (1832-98), [Charles Lutwidge Dodgson] British mathematician, writer - Snchduer 11:40, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Example: In the voting table for the referendum on the Annan plan, "Occupied Areas" is offensive to many Turkish Cypriots, while "TRNC" or "Northern Cyprus" is offensive to most Greek Cypriots. Can both agree on "northern sector"?

 * I believe the best terminology is 'Turkish Cypriot North' and 'Greek Cypriot South' - i got that from a BBC News article, which i see as very neutral. --E.A 12:22, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Laughable just laughable....! --Argyrosargyrou 16:25, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Exactly these kind of comments are not helpful. - Snchduer 16:56, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I think as a compromise, we should use the terms "northern part" and "southern part" of Cyprus, without reference to the two communities, since that will be apparently clear in the article. Also, can someone unprotect the article, or rather, how does one protect an article in the first place?  One needs special rights or something?(UNFanatic 01:31, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC))
 * Unlocking can only be done by administrators who are not involved in this topic, and will be done when the editing disputes are resolved satisfactorily. And I would not recommend doing this yet; we are not even close to an agreement on the content of the article - this was just an easy example. We will get more difficult stuff - expect longer work here. - Snchduer 11:18, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * So, politically correct designations for the voting table:
 * northern/southern part
 * northern/southern sector

 * I dont see whats so sensitive about 'Turkish Cypriot North' and 'Greek Cypriot South', i think both Greeks and Turks accept that Turks are in the north and Greeks in the south (look at this BBC article here:http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3656753.stm). The term 'northern part/sector' and 'southern part/sector' just sounds like we're trying to be TOO neutral. --E.A 11:43, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * As long as we do not have GC users who want it mentioned that in the north, many of the inhabitants are Turkish settlers, it would be ok - at least for me - Snchduer 15:27, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * It is not ok with me. We have to be as NEUTRAL AS POSSIBLE to avoid POV errors. There is no such thing as being "TOO NEURAL."  Please explain this  statement E.A.  Want is so bad about it.  Also to Snchduer, perhaps you SHOULD mention that many of the inhabitants of the northern part are Turkish settlers (in addition to indigneous Turkish-Cypriots).  I mean, that is the truth, is it not?  For the sake of neutrality, please, it is better to say "southern or northern part/sector."  Oh, and by the way, every one has a point of view.  My view is that of a Cypriot-American(not a GC or a TC, but a CA (could mean Chinese-American but here it is not the case). A little different viewpoint from my distant Cypriot brothers(Greek and Turkish).  (UNFanatic 20:02, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC))

 * By TOO NEUTRAL i mean going out of the way to implement irrelevancies in face of obvious facts. Turks are in the north, Greeks are in the south. This is a vote between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots - just like you are a Cypriot American, the Turks who came to Cyprus are Turkish Cypriots. I dont see why their settler status should somehow mean Turks in the north can no longer be referred to as Cypriots. We have to make clear the vote is between two ethnicities, not two geographical locations. --E.A 20:12, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I know your frustration. Nonetheless, we have to keep a calm mind and keep it to geographical references.  Like we mentioned before, it will be evident in the article where Greek-Cypriots or Turkish-Cypriots are located. Suggesting to put "Turkish settlers" was meant to spark a reaction to make a point to keeping things NEUTRAL.  To give you an example: I wonder why the Cyprus flag has no cross?  Answer: to keep things neutral.  Somehow, Greeks and Turks have lost this sense, while Cypriots try to forge a state that will eventually bring shame to those two "homelands"  a cause of much mental suffering for the island.(UNFanatic 20:25, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC))

I'm afraid i have to disagree, i dont see why it should be taboo to refer to Turks in the north as Cypriots, settlers or not, many of them have integrated into the Cypriot community for over 30 years. Its like saying the TC's and GC's who emigrated to London over 40 years ago cannot be referred to as Londoners. The article will mention the settler issue, i dont see the reason to make it an issue in a simple table (which in any case will come at the end of the article). --E.A 20:41, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * London and Great Britain I should say, is a politically stable unified country that has its own house in order. Once Cyprus gets its house in order and the people there get to an agreement to a definition, which is their responsibility, not mine, then we should remain neutral for BOTH sides to be fair. By the way, I have been to the north after the barriers were removed and the Turkish-Cypriot family that is living in my father's house referred to the "Turkish settlers" as being different, ideologically and culturally from them.  And this person wants to go back to Paphos.  I do not doubt that most have integrated, though how successfully, that is another story which I have no personal knowledge except for the opinion of the Turkish Cypriot. So as you see, since there is no agreement from both sides about this issue, it should not be mentioned officially in the text of the article.  But if you want to add a small note at the end of the article, in smaller font or in a separate table, be sure to include that.(UNFanatic 21:01, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC))

 * This simple issue is really being exaggerated. All we need to accept is that the voters who went to the referendum in April last year were Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots, the part 30 year old settlers played in the vote should not mean TC's have forfeited their right to be represented as Turkish Cypriots. --E.A 21:20, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Not Advancing People Part 2
Dude, stop changing the subject to the referendum.(UNFanatic 21:33, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)) :the issue is how should we refer to both sides --northern part-- and --southern part--.

You misunderstood me i'm talking about the referendum because the people who voted are who we're trying to accurately represent in the table. So when we accept it was Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots who voted, then we can label it so in the table. --E.A 21:40, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, the use of parentheses are good. BTW, it is an issue as to whether or not Turkish settlers should be considered as "Turkish-Cypriots".  I have seen your comments on that above.  We agree that it is an issue.  While your point of view is to consider them as such, my point of view is to consider them as Turkish settlers, or rather mainland Turks, being that they were not originally from the Turkish Cypriot population in Cyprus.  Guess what buddy? How do we refer to the Greeks in Cyprus that are originally from Greece?  "mainland Greeks" or "Greeks from the Mainland" or "kalamaras", a term that originated among the Greek population in Alexandria - sort of a mocking I should say.  My point: they may be Greeks but they are NOT Cypriot.  They could be integrated into society, but they are not Cypriot.  What about the Turks from the mainland that married Turkish Cypriots? Well, I could ask the same question about Greeks too.  The difference is that there was not a mass  movement of settlers from Greece into Cyprus since 1960 independence.  There was, however, from Turkey since 1974.  Whether or not it was policy to replace the Greeks who left, advertising to attract the poor people from Anatolia for Ankara's political gain on the Cyprus issue, is one topic that has been reported on and off for the past 30 years in such repected newspapers as the New York Times. (Cultural destruction "claims" which I know you are familiar with.)
 * In favour of distinguishing between Turkish Cypriots and Turkish settlers as well as btw Greek Cypriots and mainland Greeks - an issue that certainly needs to be addressed in a new Cyprus dispute article. However, should this be put in the voting table? That is yet another question :) - Snchduer 16:48, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I dont need to re-state history here, but Cyprus has been far too long interfered with from both Ankara and Athens, always trying to separate the two peoples psychologically and physically, which is wrong. Should blacks and whites be segregated in the United States? I know that in the US everyone is considered American, but there is a distinct cultural identity here vs whites who are a mix of immigrants.  Thankfully there is no separation/segregation anymore and society has gained more from it.  How much more then, can the people of Cyprus gain from genuine union, a union without segregation and laws to enforce it.  If there are Turkish fears about being a minority in the land, there should be a mechanism in the government so that there should not be any "tyranny of the majority" in the legislature. Physical separation is not an answer.  In the US, this is accomplished by the 2 houses of Congress, one, the House of Representatives satisfies the majority (because truthfully, it should be respected).  The solution to that is the Senate, which is made as the more important body having equal representation from all states (because equality in government should be respected as well).  Both need to be included to have Cyprus function in a meaningful manner. It has functioned in the US for 225 years.  When this occurs, the Turkish settler question will be solved in due time, peacefully. (UNFanatic 00:47, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC))
 * I definitely see the advantage of a "two-house" or federal solution - in Germany, for instance, many laws need to be approved by the two houses in order to be approved (cf. Politics of Germany). Although getting into blockading due to party politics, it certainly will protect the federal subjects from having laws made "above their heads". Could work for Cyprus, who knows? - Snchduer 16:48, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * It seems to me that you guys are going into a ridiculous propaganda mode. I dare say the possibility of professional propaganda agents here is great. So do not expect that any GC will offer you any help in creating these articles which are full of lies. I will see that any lies are deleted and if that creates any edit wars then request the articles be protected! This looks much better to me than having a couple of individuals (including E.A and Snchduer) who painstakingly remove any GC POV edits in their effort to "rewrite" historical facts. --Ank99 15:47, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I am not surprised that every person who supports the GC POV on Wikipedia is of Greek origin themselves. Tell me Ank where are the lies? Its easy to say a statement like that, but i want to see you back it up. --E.A 16:35, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Ank99, one needs to distinguish btw an objective and a subjective point of view - on wikipedia we are trying to have a NPOV policy; where this is not possible or very difficult - as in the case of the Cyprus dispute - it is helpful to show the points of view from both sides to create a balanced view. When I removed GC POV stuff, it was indeed because it was formulated in a POV style (using words like "slaughtered" instead of "killed", for instance), or because opinions were tried to be shown as facts. I will remove TC or TR POV stuff as well, if I see it. Simply stating "this is full of lies" is not a very helpful contribution, as compared to "I do not believe that 500 TCs were killed in the year XXXX - afaik, official numbers are 350". - Snchduer 16:48, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

"I am not surprised that every person who supports the GC POV on Wikipedia is of Greek origin themselves" Do you know many people who are not of Cypriot, Turkish or Greek origin who really care about the Cyprus issue? The only one I have seen in wikipedia is Snchduer and he doesn't adopt any POV.--Jsone42 19:10, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Civilian casualties and displacements during the Cyprus conflict
I have moved the Turkish Cypriot Genocide (being a wrong designation in any case) to Civilian casualties and displacements during the Cyprus conflict, as this is much less offensive as a title, and more correct as well. FYI, Argyro tried to copy-edit it with his version of the old page - trying to destroy the page's structure along the way -, but did not succeed (obviously). The page I created is clearly structured, and has place for the two communities' casualties and displacements, partitioned timewise into two sections: 63-74 and 74/5 (Turkish invasion/intervention). I hope in this case nobody can complain that only one side has the possibility to show. I am waiting for Greek Cypriots to contribute to this page  in the appropriate sections; as of now, Civilian casualties and displacements during the Cyprus conflict only shows the TC side - unfortunately. - Snchduer 10:50, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The TC side needs to be shown more, given the success that the GC propaganda machine has made over the years. For example, if more people bothered to read up on the 1964 Erenköy siege, then people would realize that the TC's have a very good case. - Expatkiwi 11:04, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * However, wikipedia normally wants to present balanced articles; meaning that however sad the casualties and other hardships were for the TCs, it does not mean that we should ignore the GC side of the story - at least, that is the idea of that article. - Snchduer 01:24, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cyprus problem/Archive 4


text:
Talk:Glazer ownership of Manchester United

Move
I've moved this to a better title as the Malcolm Glazer Takeover could be about him taking over anything. Do we think this needs its own article? We need to make sure it is scrupulously neutral to stick to Wikipedia policy. Secretlondon 12:27, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Merge proposal
Malcolm Glazer is the same length as this article, yet more up to date. Merging and redirecting seems to be the obvious course of action. – Smyth\talk 3 July 2005 21:41 (UTC)

Done. – Smyth\talk 4 July 2005 22:29 (UTC)

I suggest that this should be moved
...to "Glazer family takeover of Manchester United". MG played little public role in the takeover (except as a tabloid bogeyman), and it is his children (who are middle-aged) who have been to the fore so far as one can tell. I don't know about the internal politics of the family, but it appears he was well on the way to handing over at least day to day control of the family interests when the takeover happened, and the role of the wider family should be referenced in the title. Postlebury 18:31, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
 * First let's have the information to which you are referring put into this article, and then move it, with a redirect from here, and fixing the double redirects via 'what links here':

* Manchester United F.C.    * Munich air disaster * Eric Cantona * United * Talk:Milton Keynes Dons F.C.    * User:Sjorford/Football * Old Trafford (football ground) * 2004-05 in English football * Malcolm Glazer * List of Manchester United F.C. players * Busby Babes * User:Cantthinkofagoodname * F.C. United of Manchester * Payment in kind * Joel Glazer * User:Sjorford/Football 1 * History of Manchester United F.C. (1878-1945) * History of Manchester United F.C. (1945-1969) * History of Manchester United F.C. (1969-1986) * History of Manchester United F.C. (1986-1998) * Avram Glazer * The Malcolm Glazer Takeover (redirect page) * History of Manchester United F.C. (1999-present) * The Malcolm Glazer takeover of Manchester United (redirect page) * Stretford End * Manchester United TV    * Template:Manchester United F.C.     * Manchester derby * Timeline of English football * Gift Grub 6: The Special One * Manchester United F.C. season 1998-99 * User talk:212.85.24.35 * Sloop John B    * Les Olive * Talk:National Football League/Archive 1 * David Gill (executive) * FA Cup Final 1948 * Sir Matt Busby Way * Manchester United F.C. Reserves & Academy * User talk:86.40.96.251 * Liverpool F.C. and Manchester United football rivalry * User talk:81.178.120.196 * Manchester United F.C. seasons * Manchester United F.C. statistics * User:PeeJay2K3/Manchester United F.C.

 * ...which as you can see is more than just a simple change of name. If you add the info, I'll do half the redirects. Deal? User:Pedant 00:23, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Manchester United fans
There should be a lot more information on how enraged the fans of Manchester United were. Things like them wearing black to go to matches to represent the death of their beloved club. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Richard LVP Real (talk • contribs) 14:35, 18 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree that the controversial aspect of the takeover is relevant to the article. I'll give some thought to some appropriate wording. Fd2006 (talk) 09:18, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

LUHG Campaign
Should we add a section for the LUHG campaign against the Glazers? Conay (talk) 21:01, 4 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree with this. There doesn't seem to be much note on the scarves protest or the visible backing of certain personalities. Paralympiakos (talk) 23:59, 12 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm in the process of expanding this article. Give me a few days and I'll get everything sorted. – PeeJay 00:47, 13 March 2010 (UTC)
 * This section is inaccurate and incomplete to say the least. May I suggest that it be removed, or edited to contain 'facts', and not rumour. Furthermore, the content placement within this Wiki page is also incorrect, meaning it ought to be placed within the "Aftermath" section, or a section of it's own, and not within the section on the "Red Knights", because the timeline of the RedKnights is some five years after the start of LUHG.Redmoggy (talk) 17:28, 27 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I disagree. A lot of people view the Red Knights as a result of the LUHG campaign and very much part of it. The issue of fan ownership is at the heart of both LUHG and the Red Knights, and they naturally follow on from each other; it doesn't matter if the Red Knights only came to the fore in 2010, the topics are still related. Also, what are you actually alluding to when you talk about 'rumours' in the section? – PeeJay 18:50, 27 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Okay, I see what you mean by people perceiving the emergence of the RK's to the public domain because of LUHG. There are many rumours about the origins of LUHG, what has been written on the wiki page is an example of one of those rumours, perhaps referring to the LUHG website may help? Furthermore, another correction is perhaps required, it was the raising of capital via Bonds that sparked the protests of 2010. It was on Saturday 16th January 2010 that the protests began that year, after a supporter meeting that was held at O'Briens in Stretford, a group of supporters made plans to unfurl a LUHG banner around the 70th minute mark, which they did and resulted in a temporary confiscation by club security CES, this then set the tone for the next home game on the 23rd January against Hull, and branched protests at the Carrington training complex, and at Reserve games. Hope this helps is some way.Redmoggy (talk) 02:41, 28 August 2012 (UTC)

Change name
Why isn't this article named "Ownership of Manchester United"? I propose we change its name to this, then add more information on previous ownership and its time on the stock market. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tomlock01 (talk • contribs) 22:05, 10 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I am currently working on an article entitled Ownership of Manchester United F.C., of which this article would be a sub-article. I would oppose any move of this particular article to any title other than Malcolm Glazer ownership of Manchester United F.C. – PeeJay 00:01, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Surely 'Glazer Family' would be more appropriate than 'Malcolm Glazer', given that the ultimate parent of the club is the Glazer Family Trust, in which they all have a share? Tomlock01 (talk) 18:36, 22 June 2010 (UTC)
 * How about Glazer ownership of Manchester United? Since they own the parent company, which is "Manchester United Ltd", my earlier suggestion of Malcolm Glazer ownership of Manchester United F.C. would be incorrect (although redirects should exist from titles including the "F.C." part). So I guess it's either Glazer ownership of Manchester United or Glazer family ownership of Manchester United, yes? – PeeJay 20:08, 22 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, but I don't mind which since they are both accurate. I suppose Glazer ownership of Manchester United is more succinct. I'm happy to help out with the Ownership of Manchester United F.C article if you need/want it. Tomlock01 (talk) 20:53, 22 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I'll try my best to get the Ownership article finished, and then I would be happy for you to look it over. If you have any changes in mind right now, run them by me on the talk page. – PeeJay 20:57, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

Article is not neutral.
I read this whole article and get the sense it was written by an United fan who's clearly upset with the Glazer's ownership. All I see is negative in every sentence and it's quite unnecessary in my opinion. I think a section where it shows how much money the Glazer have spent to bring in players and trophies that have been won should be added and in turn make the article less on sided. La Fuzion (talk) 14:34, 6 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Would you care to tell me exactly how much of the Glazers' own money they have actually put into Manchester United? Or better yet, can you find a source in the media? The fact is that Manchester United's activity in the transfer market has been mostly paid for out of revenues made in spite of the Glazers, not because of them. In fact, were it not for the massive interest payments, United would probably be even more active in the transfer market than they currently are. Remember a couple of years ago when United were offered David Villa by Valencia? We could have got him if we didn't have £500 million of debt. Probably could have kept Tevez too. So sure, you can say the article isn't neutral, or you can say that it accurately reflects the state the Glazers have put Manchester United in. – PeeJay 15:57, 17 July 2011 (UTC)

Infobox
Should an infobox stating Manchester United plc financial data, ownership per ownership rights and slice in share capital appropriate? Matthew_hk  t  c  03:54, 31 January 2017 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. – PeeJay 21:17, 31 January 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Passe-Partout

this is just based on personnal memory so it might not be entirely accurate. Also, it only cover the early years of the show so someone a bit younger then me might want to add to it--Marc pasquin 12:27, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I think Doualé was from Guadeloupe, not Haiti. - Horst Azeglio

Added some stuff on show history lifted from the French Wikipedia, and some basics on Passe-Partout today (airing of specials dedicated to it on two separate shows in 2005-06 ; announcement of a DVD release, use of the "Génération passe-partout" monicker for people 25-35 (or so). Anyone can tell me how to source a statement, btw?--Guillaume Hebert 07:01, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Passe-Partout


text:
Talk:1835 United Kingdom general election

Irish Parliamentary Party
Surely the figures for the Whigs are including those for the Irish Parliamentary Party's predecessory (whose name escapes me; 1835 predates the Home Rule League)? I'm not sure that they were officially a part of the Whigs at any point… — OwenBlacker 12:29, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * The grouping were pretty fluid, and I can't find any sources which differentiate the Nationalist vote/seats from the Whig tallies - note that it also doesn't separate out the Radicals. If you can find a source which does, please add the information! Warofdreams talk 17:20, 6 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland 1801-1922 explains that there was an electoral pact between the Whigs (who Walker calls Liberals from 1832) and the Repealers for this election. Although it would be possible to calculate totals for the candidates Walker designated Liberal (Repealer), it seems a bit pointless. I did use the seat totals for the Repeal Association article, but I did not bother with vote totals.

 * Craig's calculations, on which our general election results are based (which incorporates Walker's Irish figures), seem to me to be as good as we are going to get. Before 1859 there is a mass of more or less allied Whig, Radical, Reformer, Liberal and various Irish candidates, which compilers of election results combine in one category be it Whig or Liberal. I am not aware that anyone has undertaken the massive task of examining every individual in these categories to try to group them more precisely in aggregate tables. From about 1859 the most important single fact about a politician was which party he belonged to. Very few of them were not clearly associated with one organisation. This was not the way things worked in the more fluid politics before that time, so it seems to me that we should accept the traditional approach of having a category for a broad tendency and not trying to sub-divide further. --Gary J (talk) 12:01, 20 January 2008 (UTC)


text: Category:Roman Catholic education

title: Category:Roman Catholic education


text:
User:BlankVerse/Vandalism

<User:BlankVerse/Other Subpages
 * 1) 04:57, 29 May 2005  - blanked my Talk page  Gee. My very first case of User page vandalism. I feel like I've joined the club or something.  I am thoroughly disappointed, however, that it wasn't something that was more inventive than a page blank, but then that sort of matches the very unimaginative vandalism that I've been reverting the past couple of days. For some reason I've been see a bunch of very minor vandalism on my Watchlist—stuff like someone will add "dog" at the end of a paragraph. Stranger yet, it has often been the first and only edit for the IP rather than being some serial vandal.  I wonder what I've done to deserve such an "honor". ;-) BlankVerse ∅ 14:59, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) 16:16, 5 June 2006 , as the only edit from that Comcast DSL IP, changed some text withing an HTM comment on my User page to "bitttttchesthe". I have no idea why this vandal decided to do an edit I would probably be the only one to see. Blank Verse  10:27, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
 * 3) 15:57, 5 February 2007  replace my user page with "STFU". I had reverted the addition of a forum link they had added to the Southern California article a few times, and then left them a stern warning on their talk page. For the user page vandalism, they recieved a test3 warning from User:Will Beback.  Blank  Verse  14:35, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User:BlankVerse/Vandalism


text:
Jim Reid

James McLeish Reid (born 29 December 1961) is a Scottish singer/songwriter and the lead singer for the alternative rock band The Jesus and Mary Chain, which he formed with his elder brother and guitarist William Reid in 1983.

The Jesus and Mary Chain
Reid is the lead singer and founding member of the alternative rock band The Jesus and Mary Chain. He formed the band with his brother William. They are recognized as key figures in the development of the shoegaze and noise pop subgenres. They released six studio albums before they split up in 1999. They reformed in March 2007 and are still active as of 2024, and Reid and his brother are the only constant members of the group.

Freeheat
Reid went on to form the band Freeheat with former Mary Chain drummer Nick Sanderson and guitarist Ben Lurie. Freeheat did several tours and released two EP's, Don't Worry Be Happy and Retox, and released one studio album, Back on the Water (2006) The members went their separate ways in 2003.

Solo
Reid released his first solo single "Song for a Secret" in 2005 on the Transistor record label, and released a follow-up called "Dead End Kids" in July 2006 also on Transistor. Since April 2006 he has been playing with a new band that features Phil King (Felt, Lush, Jesus and Mary Chain) on lead guitar, Loz Colbert (Ride) on drums and Mark Crozer on bass. The band has performed his new material at several low key gigs including Whelans in Dublin and, later, the Carling Bar Academy in Islington.

Personal life
Reid was born in East Kilbride and attended Hunter High School. He now lives in Sidmouth, Devon with his wife Julie Reid and has two daughters Candice and Simone.

Freeheat
Extended Plays

 * "Don't Worry Be Happy" (2000)
 * "Retox" (2002)

Studio albums

 * "Back on the Water" (2006)

Solo

 * "Song for a Secret" – single (2005)
 * "Dead End Kids" – single (2006)

title: Jim Reid


text:
Talk:Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia

Reference

 * This entry incorporates public domain text originally from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Author with same name
I suggest to put the author under Ezzo (author), the count palatine should remain, or moved under Ezzo (Lotharinga) as in german wp. Ezzo was a common name around the first millenium, compare Ezzo that lists 4 of them. -- Tobnu 20:05, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Ezzo died 1034 - Henry born 1055?
After the death of his wife, Ezzo had another son named Henry (1055–1093), later Abbot of Gorze, with a concubine. — Preceding unsigned comment added by DiSteele (talk • contribs) 05:18, 5 October 2014 (UTC)


text:
Bangued

Bangued, officially the Municipality of Bangued (Ili ti Bangued; ), is a 1st class municipality and capital of the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 50,382 people.

Etymology
The name Bangued evolved from the Ilocano word "Bangan," which means roadblock or blockade.

The Tinguians prevented the Spanish forces from penetrating their area and they placed roadblocks on all roads leading to the place. They also cut large logs and threw them to the Abra River to prevent the incoming Spanish colonist and Ilocano settlers from entering the area with the use of their boats and bamboo rafts. When the logs reached Nagtalabungan the strength of the currents allowed many of these trees to be left behind for the strong current gets narrower as it bends westwards on its course to the South China Sea across a gap in the Ilocos range, better known as "Banaoang." These logs were also made as obstacles and big rocks were placed along the roads which the natives called "bangan".

Early history
The early settlers were the Tinguians belonging to the Bago, Masadiit, lbanao, and Indayas tribes who later intermarried with the immigrants from Ilocos. The Tingguians opposed the Christianization introduced by the Spanish friars who penetrated the eastern settlements.

Spanish colonial era
In 1598, Augustinian fathers Martin and Minon were able to penetrate the valley and found a "mission" in Bangued. A Spanish military garrison was also established to protect the inhabitants from the attacks of the headhunters.

In November 1601, Fray Esteban Marín in the company of an expedition under Captain Mateo de Aranda arrived in Abra but was killed, with his body tied up to a tree, shot by arrows, before being dismembered.

In 1614, Fr. Juan de Pareja, "Conquistador Espiritual" of Abra, arrived with the protection of the Spanish garrison and advanced further to the interior. In 1615, Fr. Juan Pareja organized Bangued as a mission center and baptized 3,000 Tingguians with the help of their chief, Manuel Dumawal.

On April 5, 1617, Bangued was created into a ministry by the Augustinians and Fr. Pedro Columbo was the first minister. Bangued was made an independent mission territory in 1692.

The construction of the big church in Bangued began in 1722 and was completed in 1807. It was about 73 meters long. A spacious convento was built adjoining it. It later became the Sacred Heart of Jesus Academy, which is now the Holy Spirit Academy, a convent for sisters and a school for girls and boys.

At July 25, 1861, the Feast of St. James the Great (Apo Senor Santiago), the town was formally inaugurated.

In August 1898, Fr. Inocencio Vega was the last Spanish missionary to work in Bangued.

American invasion era
When the Americans colonized the country and established the civil government.

Japanese occupation era
On March 10, 1945, at 3:00 P.M., some American planes guided by Filipinos dropped incendiary bombs on the capitol, the catholic church and adjoining buildings. On subsequent days the whole town was bombed. Whoever the bombers saw, they machine-gunned and the whole town as in flames and ruins. Many were burned and whoever could escape fled to the barrios.

Cityhood
Cityhood for Bangued is being given a push in the 16th Congress. Abra Representative Ma. Jocelyn Bernos filed a resolution seeking a congressional nod for the capital town's cityhood.

In the 19th Congress of the Philippines, house bills were filed by various representatives which sought Bangued including other capital towns of provinces with no current component cities, independent component cities or highly urbanized cities to automatically convert into cities.

Geography
Bangued is a landlocked municipality, located at °N, °W. It is elongated in shape towards the north and south, and bisected through the center by the large Abra River. It is situated in the western portion of the province with boundaries defined by the Province of Ilocos Norte and the Municipality of Danglas in the north; La Paz, Tayum and Peñarrubia in the east; San Isidro in the south, and Langiden and Pidigan in the west.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 105.70 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra. The town is generally mountainous from north to south; however, it is flat and rolling at the midsection. From here it has an elevation of 30 m above mean sea level. In the north, which consists mostly of mountains, elevation ranges from 60 to 1036 m. In the south, which is interspersed with mountain and hills, elevation ranges from 45 to 300 m. One such hill is Cassamata Hill which was declared a national park.

Bangued is accessible through the Abra-Ilocos Sur National Road from the west, Abra-Kalinga Road from the north-east, and Abra-Ilocos Norte Road from the North. It is 408 km from Manila, 33 km from Narvacan, and 65 km from Vigan.

Climate
The climate falls under the first type of tropical climate, which is characterized by two pronounced seasons, dry from November to April and wet during the remaining months of the year. Prevailing wind blowing in the area is mostly in the direction from north-west to southeast. However, during summer in the absence of weather disturbance, wind blows from north to south or east to west.

Barangays
Bangued is politically subdivided into 31 barangays with 77 sitios. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Bangued had a population of 50,382. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Economy

The economy of the municipality is heavily dependent on agriculture particularly palay and corn, followed by trade and industry. Chinese businessmen dominate trade and manufacturing as a common preoccupation of the populace.

The commercial activity of Bangued is confined in the urban core establishing a linear pattern of development along major thoroughfares. This is evident from Torrijos Street to Taft Street of Zone 5, McKinley Street to Santiago Street and Partelo Street of Zone 4, and Capitulacion Street of Zone 1 and Zone 2.

For the year 2000 there were 1,539 commercial/business enterprises classified as wholesale and retail trade, dry and wet markets, banking and finance, service and others. There were 9 large suppliers of lumber, hardware and other construction supplies and materials. Likewise there were also about 3 large contractors with undetermined number of small to medium scale. On the other hand, there were also a number of large to medium scale suppliers of general merchandise, groceries and various types of prime commodities.

As the economic center of Abra, small scale or cottage industries abound. The most common are hollow blocks and other concrete products manufacturing with gravel and sand readily available at the Abra River bank. Wood and bamboo craft are also promising business enterprises with raw materials available in the vicinity and in the hinterlands for narra and other species of hardwood, rattan, and bamboos. Metalcraft, tinsmithing, jewelry making is also expanding while a lot of households are now in the small scale processing or value adding activities appertaining to various food items.

Local government
Bangued, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

Healthcare

 * Valera Medical Hospital (formerly known as Saint James Clinic), Zone 7 — Private
 * Bangued Christian Hospital, Lorben's Hill, Torrijos St., Zone 5 — Private
 * Assumpta Hospital, Zone 7 - Private
 * Abra Provincial Hospital, Barangay Calaba — Public
 * Seares Memorial Clinic, Zone 4 — Private
 * Saint Jude Clinic, Zone 7 — Private
 * Bobila Clinic, Zone 7 — Private

Education

The municipality has a total of 24 Educational Institutions at all levels. 21 belong to the government while the rest are private. Of the total public schools, 19 belongs to the elementary levels. Most of the educational institutions of higher levels secondary and tertiary are concentrated in the urban core, while elementary schools are strategically located in different barangays forming their own catchment areas.

Aside from these institutions there are at least 15 daycare centers located in different barangays, and 5 private institutions for pre-schoolers complementing that from the government.

The total number of elementary school teachers in the public sector is 218 giving a gross teacher pupil ratio of 1:30 (SY 1999-2000 DepEd), in the private there are 193 with a ratio of 1:28 in the same period. Two public libraries complement existing facilities, the Provincial Library located al Santiago St. Zone 3 and the Integrated Bar of the Philippines Library located at the Municipal Trial Court.

Colleges
Private Public
 * Divine Word College of Bangued, Zone 6
 * Abra Valley Colleges, Zone 4 — Semi-private
 * Data Center College of the Phils., Lipcan,Ubbog
 * University of Abra (formerly Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology), Zone 3

High schools

 * Divine Word College of Bangued, Zone 6 — Private
 * Abra Valley Colleges, Zone 4 — Private
 * Holy Spirit Academy of Bangued, Zone 5 — Private;
 * Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology, Zone 3 — Public
 * Abra High School, Zone 3 — Public
 * Saint Joseph Seminary
 * Sacred Heart School of Bangued, Zone 6 — Private

Transportation
Passenger buses, mini-buses, jeepneys and tricycles including cargo are the major means of transportation in the town. Buses, mini-buses and jeepneys ply the longer routes covering the entire province of Abra and out, while tricycles serve only the inner arteries of the municipality's barangays including the adjacent towns of Pidigan, Tayum and Peñarrubia on a chartered ride basis.

Buses going to Manila have their own permanent station/terminal, while all the rest are accommodated and parked along various open lots, gasoline stations, etc.

There are jeeps that ply from Bangued to Narvacan.

GMW trans have daily trips to Tuguegarao and Santiago City.

Notable Personalities

 * Kurt Barbosa – SEA Games gold medallist, Taekwondo proud waving carry the filipino flag
 * Pura Sumangil – community activist

Sister cities

 * Vigan

title: Bangued


text:
Bucay, Abra

Bucay, officially the Municipality of Bucay (Ili ti Bucay; ), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 17,953 people.

Etymology
There are two versions of how this town got its name "Bucay". Some residents say that there was a tribe leader by the name of Bucay. When this leader was still young, while patrolling, he found a pretty young lass lying on the way which prompted him to extend assistance, and brought her home. After a period of time, he developed his love for the young lass and took her as his wife. On several occasions, the girl suddenly disappeared. In some instances, Bucay used to see her at the corner of his bamboo hut sitting alone with her bowed head which prompted him to approach and touch her but always disappeared.

Early history
Prior to Spanish Colonization, the place had become the footfalls of invading headhunters from the dense jungles of the Cordillera range.

Spanish colonization era
Bucay was established on October 29, 1846, and the first settlers were Itnegs. It became the first provincial capital of Abra when the military form of government was set up in May 1847.

At the back of the present municipal hall is the centuries-old façade of the ruined Casa Real (Provincial Capitol Building). Across the town plaza, stand the centuries-old Catholic church, convent and learning school, the Spanish structure house owned by then Don Teodoro Arias who served as Gobernadorcillo of Bucay in 1862 and the old American structure house which was built in 1908 and owned by then US Corporal Ernest D. Smith who served the Spanish–American War and the Filipino-American war from 1896 to 1901.

Geography
Among the twenty-seven (27) towns of Abra, Bucay is the most centrally located, situated at °N, °W. It is bounded on the north by the towns of Tayum and Lagangilang, on the south by Manabo, on the east by Licuan-Baay and Sallapadan, and on the west by Peñarrubia, Bangued and Villaviciosa.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 102.16 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Bucay is politically subdivided into 21 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Bucay had a population of 17,953. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Local government
Bucay, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: Bucay, Abra


text:
Bucloc

Bucloc, officially the Municipality of Bucloc (Ili ti Bucloc; ), is a 6th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 2,395 people.

Geography
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 63.77 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Bucloc is politically subdivided into 4 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Bucloc had a population of 2,395. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Local government
Bucloc, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: Bucloc


text:
Talk:1837 United Kingdom general election

Irish Parliamentary Party
See my comments on the 1835 election's Talk page. — OwenBlacker 12:30, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Daguioman

Daguioman, officially the Municipality of Daguioman (Ili ti Daguioman; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 2,019 people, making it the least populated town in the province and the entire Cordillera Administrative Region.

Geography
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 114.37 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Daguioman is politically subdivided into 4 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Daguioman had a population of 2,019. The population density was undefined PD/km2. Daguioman is the home of the Banao tribe of Itneg.

Local government
Daguioman, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: Daguioman


text:
Tennis and Racquet Club

The Tennis and Racquet Club is a private social club and athletic club located at 939 Boylston Street, in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is a contributing structure in the National Register Historic District.

Designed by Parker and Thomas in the classical revival style, and built by Frank L. Whitcomb in 1902, the Tennis and Racquet Club is representative of the ornate private clubs constructed in Boston during the early twentieth century.

The club still contains its original court tennis court and racquets court. Today the club also has three international and three North American squash courts, although previously there had been more, including a squash tennis court. Additionally, the club is home to one of the nine real tennis courts in the United States. Many of the original social rooms have been converted into office or restaurant rentals.

title: Tennis and Racquet Club


text:
Danglas

Danglas, officially the Municipality of Danglas, Municipal District of Danglas (Ili ti Danglas; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 4,074 people.

Geography
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 156.02 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Danglas is 15 km from Bangued, 423 km from Manila, and 112 km from Laoag.

Barangays
Danglas is politically subdivided into 7 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Danglas had a population of 4,074. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Economy
The economy of the municipality is heavily dependent on agriculture particularly palay, corn, vegetables and fruits. Other raw materials include rattan and bamboos.

Local government
Danglas, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: Danglas


text:
Dolores, Abra

Dolores, officially the Municipality of Dolores (Ili ti Dolores; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 11,512 people.

Etymology
Formerly named as Bucao but in 1885, it was renamed Dolores in honor of the town's patron saint Dolores.

History

The place was called Bucao, named after the first Tingguian (Itneg) chieftain who settled in the place long before Spanish colonization. It used to be part of the Municipality of Tayum. In 1882, upon the recommendation of the parish priest of Tayum, Fr. Pío Mercado, and the Teniente Bazar of Bucao, Don Ignacio Eduarte, Bucao was created as a separate pueblo. In 1885, Bucao was renamed Dolores, to honor its patron saint, Nuestra Señora de los Dolores (Our Lady Of Sorrows). The first gobernadorcillo of the town was Don Rosalio Eduarte.

Geography
Dolores is located at °N, °W.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 47.45 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Dolores is politically subdivided into 15 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Dolores had a population of 11,512. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Local government
Dolores, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: Dolores, Abra


text:
La Paz, Abra

La Paz, officially the Municipality of La Paz (Ili ti La Paz; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 16,493 people.

Geography
La Paz is located at °N, °W. It is 4 km from Bangued and 412 km from Manila.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 51.41 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
La Paz is politically subdivided into 12 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, La Paz had a population of 16,493. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Local government
La Paz, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: La Paz, Abra


text:
Lacub

Lacub, officially the Municipality of Lacub (Ili ti Lacub; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 3,612 people.

Geography
Lacub is located at °N, °W.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 295.30 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Lacub is politically subdivided into 6 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Lacub had a population of 3,612. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Local government
Lacub, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: Lacub


text:
Lagangilang

Lagangilang, officially the Municipality of Lagangilang (Ili ti Lagangilang; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 14,914 people.

Geography
Lagangilang is located at °N, °W. It is 19 km from Bangued and 427 km from Manila.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 101.44 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Lagangilang is politically subdivided into 17 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Lagangilang had a population of 14,914. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Local government
Lagangilang, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: Lagangilang


text:
Lagayan

Lagayan, officially the Municipality of Lagayan (Ili ti Lagayan; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 4,488 people.

History
On November 2, 1987, members of the New People's Army, a communist insurgency group, raided the municipal hall and burned down former mayor Solomon Lalugan's house, with his two sons taken hostage.

Geography
Lagayan is located at °N, °W.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 215.97 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Lagayan is politically subdivided into 5 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Lagayan had a population of 4,488. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Local government
Lagayan, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: Lagayan


text:
Langiden

Langiden, officially the Municipality of Langiden (Ili ti Langiden; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 3,576 people.

Geography
Langiden is located at °N, °W.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 116.29 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Langiden is politically subdivided into 6 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Langiden had a population of 3,576. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Local government
Langiden, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: Langiden


text:
Licuan-Baay

Licuan-Baay, officially the Municipality of Licuan-Baay (Ili ti Licuan-Baay; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 4,566 people.

Geography
Licuan-Baay is located at °N, °W.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 256.42 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Licuan-Baay is politically subdivided into 11 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Licuan-Baay had a population of 4,566. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Local government
Licuan-Baay, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: Licuan-Baay


text:
User talk:Jpkoester1/test

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title: User talk:Jpkoester1/test


text:
Luba, Abra

Luba, officially the Municipality of Luba (Ili ti Luba; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 6,518 people.

History
The earliest known settlement in the municipality of Luba was in Barit. It was then a thickly forested area with tall and big trees interconnected with myriads of rattan vines called barit. The early settlers were hunters as the place was abundant with wild pigs, deer and fruit trees.

The home of fine quality of rattan, Barit increased in population so that another settlement in a nearby place emerged. They called this Barit-Luzong. Southwest of Barit, another settlement occurred and they called this Barit-Lulluno. Barit-Amtuagan soon followed. It is only after a considerable period of time that the settlement of Bancagan (now the capital of the municipality) took place. The old folks has it that the river banks were being avoided due to the presence of a deadly reptiles called buaya. But in the middle part of the 18th century settlement near river banks begun to flourish the old folks surmised that half a century earlier, settlers from the uplands had turn to "slash and burn" farming. A destructive method that almost dissipated the tall and big premium hardwood trees. As a consequence flash flood occurred that resulted to siltation in the deep river bed portion virtually neutralized the hiding place of these buayas. Exposed to attack, their number were kept into a minimum.

The first formal collective name of the municipality of Luba was Barit-Amtuagan, presumably to include all other settlers from the east side of the kayan (river). This is located south east of Barit near the Damalin River, the biggest tributary of the Abra river. After sometime, some influential leaders from Barit-Lulluno had caused the transfer of collective capital from Barit-Amtuagan to Barit-Lulluno. For many years, Barit-Lulluno lingered until the onset of the American Regime.

In 1917 or probably earlier, the name of Luba was formally adopted as the official name of the municipality. Accordingly, it was a fusion of the first two letters of Lulluno and Barit.

Creation of the Municipality Luba, founded in 1912 or probably earlier finally appeared in the population census in 1918. One and a half centuries earlier, the core settlement at Barit has gradually transformed into a pueblo in the middle part of the 18th century and believed to be a part of the military district of Villavieja.

The first capital of the town and seat of the municipal government was in Luzong, 4 km away from the original settlement at Barit. But in 1920, Caoatig Valera, the third presidente of the municipality of Luba transferred the town capital to Bancagan (now Poblacion) in answer to the clamor of some influential people in that sitio.

Luba now consist of eight barangays scattered in a 20,850-hectare territory with an average of 3 km apart. It has two valleys: the upper and the lower. The town's geographical location has been a major factor in her slow-paced development that she is often tagged as a marginalized community of Abra.

Geography
The municipality is located at the southern part of Abra at located at °N, °W. It is about 44 km south of Bangued, the provincial capital and about 200 km north of the city of Baguio. It is bounded on the north by the municipality of Manabo; north-east by Boliney; east by Tubo; south by San Emilio, and west by Villaviciosa.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 148.27 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Luba is politically subdivided into eight barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Luba had a population of 6,518. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Local government
Luba, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

Accessibility
Luba is accessible from Benguet/Baguio by vehicle via the Naguilian Road down to San Fernando City, traversing the province of Ilocos Sur to the municipality of Narvacan, then continuing to Bangued. The Bangued–Luba route is seasonal for vehicular traffic (November–June). However the Bangued–Salnec Bucay Road is an all-weather one, and an intermittent section along the Manabo-Luba Road is not passable during typhoons/storms, so the only way to go to and from the town is by crossing the Abra River twice.

title: Luba, Abra


text:
Diocese of Bath and Wells

The Diocese of Bath and Wells is a diocese in the Church of England Province of Canterbury in England.

The diocese covers the county of Somerset and a small area of Dorset. The Episcopal seat of the Bishop of Bath and Wells is located in the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the city of Wells in Somerset.

Early name variation
Before 909, Somerset lay within the diocese of Sherborne. At this date, Athelm (later Archbishop of Canterbury) was appointed the first bishop of the Diocese of Wells, making the secular church there into the diocesan cathedral. The secular canons at Wells vied with the monks of the monasteries at Glastonbury and Bath for supremacy in the diocese and it was with difficulty that the cathedral retained its status, so much so that the canons were reduced to begging in order to obtain their bread. It was to this impoverished cathedral church that Gisa was appointed bishop in 1060. Under him, grants of land were obtained successively from the kings Edward the Confessor, Harold and William the Conqueror and buildings were constructed for the secular community.

Gisa's successor, John de Villula (1088–1122), moved the see to become the Diocese of Bath in 1090, using the Abbey Church of Ss Peter & Paul as his cathedral and in so doing he regressed the position of the cathedral at Wells. Robert of Lewes, appointed bishop in 1136, enhanced on the position of Wells. As well as rebuilding the cathedral he instituted the arrangement by which although Bath retained precedence, the seat was located in both churches and the bishop was elected by both chapters. However the diocesan title remained the same.

Reginald fitz Jocelin (bishop 1174–91) brought Saint Hugh of Lincoln to England, and Reginald's successor Savaric FitzGeldewin (1192–1205) forcibly annexed Glastonbury Abbey to the diocese in 1197. He moved his seat there, with the approval of Pope Celestine III, and the see became officially known as the Diocese of Glastonbury. The monks of Glastonbury, however, rejected Savaric's authority, and the title Diocese of Bath and Glastonbury was therefore used for all practical purposes until his successor, Jocelin of Wells, a native of Wells itself, renounced the claim to Glastonbury in 1219. Thereupon he adopted the style Diocese of Bath. Although he did not use the name of Wells in his title, his contribution to the city was greater than any other bishop of the diocese: under his authority the cathedral was restored and enlarged, adding the west front, making this the visual signature of the building. Further, he increased the thirty-five canons to fifty and founded a grammar school for the city.

Following his death in 1242 however, the monks at Bath unilaterally elected one of their number, Roger, as successor, in disregard for the chapter of Wells. His appointment received confirmation from King Henry III and the new pope Innocent IV. The chapter at Wells appealed the decision, with the result that the Pope declared, on 3 January 1245, that whilst Roger should remain, he would be bishop of a see thenceforth styled the Diocese of Bath and Wells.

Medieval diocese of Bath and Wells
The diocese of Bath and Wells proper (Badoniensis et Wellensis) dates therefore from 1245. The diocese contained the three archdeaconries of Bath, Wells, and Taunton. William of Bitton bishop from 1267 to 1274 was renowned for his piety, and his tomb became a place of pilgrimage in Wells. The completion of the buildings was achieved under Ralph of Shrewsbury (bishop 1329–63). Thomas Beckington (bishop 1443–65) was another noted liberal benefactor of the city.

Oliver King (1495–1503) rebuilt Bath Abbey in the late Perpendicular style. The work was begun in 1499 and completed in 1530 under John Clerk. The abbey was the last complete monastic edifice to be completed before the impending Reformation. He was succeeded by Adriano Castellesi (1504–18) who was an absentee bishop, under whom the see was administered by Polydore Vergil the noted historian. Castellesi's successor Thomas Wolsey (1518–23) was also an absentee bishop, held the see concurrently with that of York.

Reformation
The abbey at Bath was dissolved by King Henry VIII in 1538 during the English Reformation. Thereafter the Church of England bishop, though retaining the old style, had his seat at Wells alone. William Barlow, was appointed in 1548. He fled in 1553 on the accession of Queen Mary I, and his successor was the Roman Catholic Gilbert Bourne (1554–59), who was deprived and imprisoned in the Tower of London by Queen Elizabeth, becoming, in 1569, one of the eleven Roman Catholic bishops who died in prison.

Nineteenth century
The Report of the Commissioners appointed by his Majesty to inquire into the Ecclesiastical Revenues of England and Wales (1835) found the see had an annual net income of £5,946. This made it one of the wealthiest dioceses in England.

Contemporary diocese
The diocesan offices, the bishops' offices and residences and the cathedral are all located in Wells. The diocese is not referred to as Bath diocese or Wells diocese, but as The Diocese of Bath and Wells.

Bishops
The ordinary of the diocese is the diocesan Bishop of Bath and Wells (Michael Beasley); he is assisted throughout the diocese by the Bishop suffragan of Taunton (Ruth Worsley, whose See was created in 1911.) Alternative episcopal oversight (for parishes in the diocese who reject the ministry of priests who are women) is provided by the provincial episcopal visitor (PEV), the Bishop suffragan of Oswestry. The bishop is licensed as an honorary assistant bishop of the diocese in order to facilitate his work there.

There are four retired honorary assistant bishops licensed in the diocese:
 * 2003–present: Barry Rogerson, retired Bishop of Bristol, lives in Clevedon.
 * 2003–present: Roger Sainsbury, retired area Bishop of Barking, lives in Portishead.
 * 2009–present: George Cassidy, retired Bishop of Southwell and Nottingham lives in Stogursey.
 * 2011–present: John Perry, retired Bishop of Chelmsford lives in Combe Down.

Additionally, Michael Ball (retired Bishop of Truro), a founder of the Community of the Glorious Ascension, lives in the diocese (in Aller, Somerset.)

Diocesan structure
The diocese is divided into three archdeaconries: Bath, Taunton and Wells. These in turn are divided into 18 deaneries. The deanery of Crewkerne and Ilminster was split in 2012. Sedgemoor was known as Bridgwater until 2000.

title: Diocese of Bath and Wells


text:
Boliney

Boliney, officially the Municipality of Boliney (Ili ti Boliney; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 4,551 people.

Boliney is bounded to the north by Sallapadan, Bucloc, and Daguioman, to the east by Tubo and the provinces of Kalinga and Mountain Province, and to the west by of Luba and Manabo.

Geography
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 216.92 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Boliney is politically subdivided into 8 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Boliney had a population of 4,551. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

The municipality's population consists of the Cordillera sub-tribes, namely Masadiit of the Tingguian Tribes, Belwang of the Igorot and Balatoc of the Kalinga tribe. Descendants of the other Tinguian sub-tribes are also represented in Boliney such as Binongan, Banao, Maeng, Ammotan (now called Muyadan of Manabo).

Economy
The main source of livelihood of the people of Boliney comes from their rice terraces. But most of their rice lands were either seriously damaged or totally lost due to the landslides, mud piles, and by the killer quakes in 1990 and 1992. They get most of their rice now from Bangued, while other mountain municipalities supplied some of the rice needs of some nearby lowland municipalities.

Rehabilitation have been on the communal facilities such as roads, trails, irrigation systems, footbridges and rice fields by the Masadiit Farmers Cooperative Inc. (MFCI) with the fund amounting to ₱2,903 million from the Presidential Management Staff and by the Inter NGO Disaster Relief Services (INDRS) with the fund amounting 292,516.00, ₱7 million from Oxfam.

Local government
Boliney, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

Transportation
Boliney is situated 62 km from the capital town of Bangued, and can be reached by road which was completed in 1974. Prior to this, it was accessible only by hiking a 24 km long mountain trail.

After 1974, the road was extended by about 14 km before reaching Danac, the farthest barangay. The present-day road is now as far as the Poblacion; however, the rest of the road has been abandoned.

title: Boliney


text:
Wolf Howard

Wolf Howard (born 7 April 1968) is an English artist, poet and filmmaker living in Rochester, Kent and was a founder member of the Stuckists art group. He is also a drummer who has played in garage and punk bands, currently as a member of The Musicians of the British Empire (MBE's) with Billy Childish.

Life
Simon 'Wolf' Howard was born in Strood, Kent and attended Mid-Kent College for O-levels, where he "doesn't think he got any but always tells people he got two". In 1986 he began drumming, having taught himself, and has continued to do so ever since. From 1987 for 15 years he was on the dole, except for a total of two periods of two months, one day and half-an-hour, when he was respectively sweeping an ironmonger's warehouse floor, sweeping a neon light warehouse floor, picking apples and working in a frozen shepherds-pie factory. He decided against going to art college on the basis that it would "worsen himself". He lives in Chatham, where he works as a volunteer in an Oxfam shop.

Music

Wolf Howard has played drums in many bands. The most important are (in chronological order) The Daggermen, The James Taylor Quartet, The Prime Movers, The Solarflares, Dodsons Dogs and The Buff Medways. His drumming is "louder than a self-propelled Howitzer."

Art
Howard was one of the 13 original founder members of the Stuckists, a pro-figurative painting, anti-conceptual art group, co-founded by Childish and Charles Thomson in 1999. Howard exhibited in group shows, including The Stuckists Punk Victorian (2004) at the Walker Art Gallery for the Liverpool Biennial and Go West at Spectrum London (2006). He left the group in 2006 to pursue a solo career.

He paints bold figurative images in a simple, vigorous, impasto style. This has incurred criticism for its apparent naivety. Howard has stated that his finished result only comes about after hard work, which can involve scraping the paint back to the canvas up to ten times.

He has explained a particular painting, Mrs Chippy: "People have said do me, ‘What’s the point in painting a cat? My five-year-old daughter could do that.’ Yes, she could, but would it be a cat that had the look in its eyes that conveyed to you that it was about to be shot? That’s the fate that befell Mrs Chippy during one of the greatest survival adventures ever—Ernest Shackleton’s voyage to the Antarctic in 1914 on the ship Endurance—shown in the background of the painting, stuck in the ice, as the crew drag the small open boat which later accomplished an 850-mile rescue journey through sixty-foot waves. That’s the difference between my cat and a five-year-old’s. … I also paint cats where there is no difference."

In Aesthetica magazine, Abby Jackson contrasted the different responses of Howard and Luc Tuymans to the subject of 9/11: "Tuymans chooses to avoid his subject matter, whereas Howard, as a Stuckist, approaches his subject head on."

Pinhole photography
Wolf Howard is a member of the Stuckism Photography group and takes pinhole photographs. He uses a light-proof wooden box 4" square with a fixed-size pinhole in the front. Photographic paper is placed at the back of the box. There is no lens and no viewfinder, so he estimates the aim of the camera. A wooden slider allows light into the box for an exposure which is between 40 seconds and 5 minutes. The camera is placed inside a light-proof bag to replace the photographic paper.

He develops a negative print (in his bathroom) and makes the final positive print by placing another sheet of photographic paper under the negative with a 5-second exposure under a light bulb. The whole process requires estimation throughout and he "faces many disappointments in his darkroom. The hard work will eventually pay off."

He describes his motivation:
 * There is something special about a pinhole camera. There is a beauty in its simplicity and rawness that technology has not been able to better. There is a timeless quality that can make the most uncomplicated subject seem full of poetry.

 * In each pinhole picture I take I hope to capture the joy and excitement that the early pioneering photographers (Fox Talbot and friends) must have felt when they took and developed photographs for the very first time.

An exhibition of his work, The Pinhole Photographs of a Gifted Gentleman Amateur, was held at the Stuckism International Gallery in 2003 as part of Alternative Arts Photomonth. He was one of the four Stuckist Photographers showing work at the Lady Lever Art Gallery during the 2004 Liverpool Biennial. Jesse Richards wrote in a review of the show, "Wolf Howard's pinhole photographs of a pocket watch, a trench cap, and his friend Billy Childish are beautiful haunting images that seem to be from a world long gone by. I've really never seen anything like it."

title: Wolf Howard


text:
Igatpuri

Igatpuri (Pronunciation: [iɡət̪puɾiː]; formerly known as Egutpoora) is a town and a Hill Station. It is also a municipal council in Nashik District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is located in the Western Ghats. Igatpuri railway station lies in Nashik District, between Mumbai and Nashik Road on the Central Railway. Igatpuri is known for Vipassana International Academy, where ancient techniques of meditation is taught called Vipassana. The place is one of the best places to visit in Maharashtra in monsoon. It is a hill station on busy Mumbai-Agra NH-3 only 45 km from Nashik and 130 km from Mumbai.

Igatpuri railway station is a major railway station connecting Igatpuri to Mumbai. The station is known for its surrounding scenery, wada pao and idlis sold by vendors to commuters traveling in the train. The exit of Igatpuri railway station signals the proximity of Mumbai on the down route.

Igatpuri is surrounded by the highest peaks in Sahyadri i.e. Western Ghats, most of them are forts built in the Satavahana dynasty. It's heavenly for trekkers and hikers, Most Indian (Hindi) movie outdoor scenes specially songs are shot in Igatpuri region. Igatpuri is a place of significance in terms of Vipassana meditation. The International Centre for Vipassana meditation called Dhammagiri, supposedly the largest Vipassana Center, is located here. This region consists of those mountains which are accessed by trains going from Mumbai CST to Kasara and Igatpuri. Local trains only go up to Kasara, and don't climb the Thal Ghat from Kasara to Igatpuri. Hence to go to Igatpuri, one has to either take a long distance train or reach Kasara by a suburban train and then take a bus uphill.

Geography
It has an average elevation of 600 metres.

Average annual rainfall in Igatpuri is 3498mm.

Demographics
India census, Igatpuri had a population of 31,572. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Igatpuri has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 67%. In Igatpuri, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. People of Agri community can be found in the city, they are also called Patharvat.

Accessibility
Igatpuri is well connected by rail and road. By NH-3 to Agra and by, Central Railway to Mumbai, Howrah, Guwahati, New Delhi, etc. It is a major railway station, As Loco Changes are made here for trains from and to Mumbai.

Tourism
Tourism is the most significant segment of the Igatpuri's economy. Following are the places most visited by tourists :

Bhatsa River Valley: The Bhatsa river valley is situated at the end of the Thal Ghat, just before entering Igatpuri from Mumbai. The valley lies in the basin of the majestic Bhatsa River.

Arthur Lake: A few kilometers from Igatpuri, lies a huge and placid Arthur Lake, set like a huge jewel amidst the dense greenery. The lake is formed by the waters of the Pravara River in the Bhandardara region.

Kalsubai Peak About 35 km from Igatpuri is the highest peak in the Sahyadri ranges.

Amruteshwar Temple: Built in 11th century AD, it is dedicated to Lord Shiva. Constructed in a distinct Hemadpanti style, the temple is surrounded by lush green fields and Mount Kalsubai the highest mountain in Maharashtra. From here a further excursion leads to the Ratangad Fort. One can access this temple by road or an 8 km boat ride on Arthur Lake. Dhamma Giri Meditation Centre: Founded by S.N.Goenka, Dhammagiri is a meditation center that offers courses in Vipasana (insight meditation) a technique taught by the Buddha in India, 2,500 years ago. The large Golden Pagoda, the central theme of Dhammagiri serves as a landmark for Igatpuri. The centre attracts a lots of people from various parts of India as well as abroad.

Ghatandevi Temple: Just ahead of Igatpuri, after crossing the camel Valley, comes across a small road, which leads to the Ghatandevi temple. According to the locals belief, Ghatandevi is the Protector of Ghats. The mountains of Durrar Utvad, Trimak and Harihar forms a spectacular backdrop. Behind the temple lies the Tringalwadi Fort.

Girisagar Waterfall: This majestic waterfall near the beautiful Bhavali dam greets you to enjoy its timeless beauty amidst the fog and lush green forests. There are a ton of top attractions in close proximity of the falls and a viewpoint just above provides a great view of the Sahyadris. The waterfall is 17 km from Igatpuri train station, inside Jamunda Hills.

Igatpuri Cemetery It lies on a hillock, North of the town. Soldiers died while fighting the great war in India are buried here.

Tringalwadi Fort: It is situated at an altitude of 3,000 feet above the sea level. Since it is located very high, the fort offers views of the locality, including Kulang and Kalsubai mountain ranges. The fort attracts trekkers also. The top of the fort is shaped like a Turban. A temple dedicated to lord Hanuman is nearby. An architectural marvel, the fort can be accessed through a narrow pathway, down to the Tringalwadi Lake. Just a few km away from Tringalwadi Lake is Talegaon Lake formed by the small Talegaon Dam.

Camel Valley: A few metres away from Bhatsa river valley, on the right is the camel valley. On the other side of the valley is a waterfall formed by the rain waters and one have to walk over and look down to find a slope that falls over 1, 000 ft. The waterfall is the chief attraction of this place.

The Five Waterfalls: A little further from Ghatandevi, the rough road leading to the railway line begins. Across the railway line, while climbing down, falling one below the other, are five waterfalls that form which are main attraction for tourists in Igatpuri.

Schools in Igatpuri

Holy Family Convent High School (English).

Mahatama Gandhi High School (Marathi, Semi-English);.

Wonderland High School and Junior College (English) (C.B.S.E) from 2019.

Panchavati English Medium School and Junior College (C.B.S.E.), NH.3.

Janta Vidyalaya and Junior College (Marathi).

K.P.G. Arts, Commerce & Science College, Igatpuri. V. N. Patil Madhyamik Va Uchcha Madhyamik Mahavidyalaya (Arts & Science)

NSPM Arts & Commerce. GSTMahavidyalaya, Igatpuri.

title: Igatpuri


text:
Malibcong

Malibcong, officially the Municipality of Malibcong (Ili ti Malibcong; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 4,027 people.

Geography
Malibcong is located at °N, °W.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 283.17 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Malibcong is politically subdivided into 12 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Malibcong had a population of 4,027. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

The Itneg tribe can be found in Malibcong and they speak a sub-dialect of Banao Itneg language, and Ilocano. There are three dialects in malibcong: Banao, Gubang and Mabaka.

Local government
Malibcong, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: Malibcong


text:
Manabo

Manabo, officially the Municipality of Manabo (Ili ti Manabo; ), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 11,611 people.

Etymology
The name “Manabo” came from the word “Anabo”, a thorny herb used for making twines of rope, growing luxuriantly in the fields between San Jose Sur and Poblacion. One time during the Spanish regime, a group of Spaniards passed by the place and asked the name of the thorny herb. The people answered “Anabo”. From that time on, the Spaniards called the place Manabo.

The first inhabitants of Manabo were Tinguians who came from Mountain Province. They settled in the place before the arrival of the Spaniards and the Tinguians were known to be peace loving people.

Manabo is politically subdivided into 11 barangays, namely: Ayyeng, Catacdegan Nuevo, Catacdegan Viejo, Luzong, San Jose Norte, San Juan Norte, San Juan Sur, San Ramon East, San Ramon west and Santo Tomas.

Geography
Manabo is located at °N, °W.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 110.95 km2 constituting NaN% of the 4,165.25 km2 total area of Abra.

Barangays
Manabo is politically subdivided into 11 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Manabo had a population of 11,611. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Local government
Manabo, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

title: Manabo