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Pat Finucane

Patrick Finucane (21 March 1949 – 12 February 1989) was an Irish lawyer who specialised in criminal defence work. Finucane came to prominence due to his successful challenge of the British government in several important human rights cases during the 1980s. He was killed by loyalist paramilitaries from the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), acting in collusion with British security services. In 2011, the British Prime Minister, David Cameron, met with Pat Finucane's family and apologised for the collusion.

Finucane's killing was one of the most controversial during the Troubles in Northern Ireland. He was shot fourteen times as he sat eating a meal at his Belfast home with his three children and his wife, who was also wounded during the attack. In September 2004, Ken Barrett, an UDA member who was recruited as an informer by the Royal Ulster Constabulary's Special Branch after confessing to the shooting, pleaded guilty to his murder.

After significant international pressure, the British government eventually announced a public inquiry. This was one result of the agreement made between the British and Irish governments at Weston Park in 2001. They agreed to appoint an international judge that would review Finucane's case and if evidence of collusion was found, a public inquiry would be recommended. The British government reneged on this promise to Finucane's family after the international judge found evidence of collusion. Finucane's wife Geraldine declared in court papers that Cameron stated, at a meeting with Finucane's family in London, that: "It is true that the previous administration could not deliver a public inquiry and neither can we. There are people in buildings all around here who won't let it happen."

Two public investigations concluded that elements of the British security forces colluded in Finucane's murder and there have been high-profile calls for a public inquiry. However, in October 2011, it was announced that a planned public inquiry would be replaced by a less wide-ranging review. This review, led by Sir Desmond de Silva, released a report in December 2012 acknowledging that the case entailed "a wilful and abject failure by successive Governments". Finucane's family called the De Silva report a "sham".

Background
Finucane was born into a prominent republican family on the Falls Road, Belfast. He was the eldest child, with six brothers—John, Liam, Gerard, Seamus, Martin and Dermot–and a sister, Rosaleen. At the start of the Troubles, his family was forced out of their home. He graduated from Trinity College Dublin in 1973. One of his brothers, John who was a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) member, was killed in a car crash on the Falls Road in 1972. Another brother, Dermot, successfully contested attempts to extradite him to Northern Ireland from the Republic of Ireland for his alleged part in the killing of a prison officer; he was one of 38 IRA prisoners who escaped from the Maze in 1983. A third brother, Seamus, was the fiancé of Mairead Farrell, one of the IRA trio shot dead by the Special Air Service (SAS) in Gibraltar in March 1988. Seamus was the leader of an IRA unit in west Belfast before his arrest in 1976 with Bobby Sands and seven other IRA men, during an attempt to destroy Balmoral's furniture store in south Belfast. He was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment.

Finucane's wife, Geraldine, whom he met at Trinity College, is the daughter of middle-class Protestants; together they had three children. His son John is a Sinn Féin politician who was elected as Lord Mayor of Belfast in May 2019 and was elected MP for Belfast North in December 2019.

Finucane was also a footballer and played as a striker in the Irish League for Crusaders and Distillery.

Legal defence challenges

Pat Finucane's best-known client was the IRA hunger striker Bobby Sands. He also represented other IRA and Irish National Liberation Army hunger strikers who died during the 1981 Maze prison protest, Brian Gillen, and the widow of Gervaise McKerr, one of three men shot dead by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) in a shoot-to-kill incident in 1982. In 1986, he represented Brenda Downes the widow of John Downes a civilian killed by a plastic bullet during a anti-internment rally in Belfast. In 1988, he represented Pat McGeown, who was charged in connection with the Corporals killings, and was photographed with McGeown outside Crumlin Road Courthouse.

Death
On 12 February 1989, Finucane was shot dead at his home in Fortwilliam Drive, north Belfast, by Ken Barrett and another masked man using a Browning Hi-Power 9mm pistol and a .38 revolver respectively. He was hit 14 times. The two gunmen knocked down the front door with a sledgehammer and entered the kitchen where Finucane had been having a Sunday meal with his family; they immediately opened fire and shot him twice, knocking him to the floor. Then while standing over him, the leading gunman fired 12 bullets into his face at close range.

Finucane's wife Geraldine was slightly wounded in the shooting attack which their three children witnessed as they hid underneath the table. The RUC immediately launched an investigation into the killing. The senior officer heading the CID team was Detective Superintendent Alan Simpson, who set up a major incident room inside the RUC D Division Antrim Road station. Simpson's investigation ran for six weeks and he later stated that from the beginning, there had been a noticeable lack of intelligence coming from the other agencies regarding the killing. Finucane's killing was widely suspected by human rights groups to have been perpetrated in collusion with officers of the RUC and, in 2003, the British Government Stevens Report stated that the killing was indeed carried out with the collusion of police in Northern Ireland.

The Ulster Defence Association/Ulster Freedom Fighters (UDA/UFF) claimed they killed the 39-year-old lawyer because he was a high-ranking officer in the IRA. Police at his inquest said they had no evidence to support this claim. Finucane had represented republicans in many high-profile cases, but he had also represented loyalists. Several members of his family had republican links, but the family strongly denied Finucane was a member of the IRA. Informer Sean O'Callaghan has stated that he attended an IRA finance meeting attended by Finucane in Letterkenny in 1980.

In Finucane's case, both the RUC and the Stevens Report found that he was not a member of the IRA. Republicans have strongly criticised the claims made by O'Callaghan in his book The Informer and subsequent newspaper articles. One Republican source says O'Callaghan "...has been forced to overstate his former importance in the IRA and to make increasingly outlandish accusations against individual republicans."

Later investigations
In 1999, the third inquiry by John Stevens into allegations of collusion between the security forces and loyalist paramilitaries concluded that there was such collusion in the murders of Finucane and Brian Adam Lambert. As a result of the inquiry, RUC Special Branch agent and loyalist quartermaster William Stobie, a member of the UDA, was later charged with supplying one of the pistols used to kill Finucane, but his trial collapsed because he claimed that he had given information about his actions to his Special Branch handlers. The pistol belonged to the UDA, which until August 1992 was a legal organisation under British law. A further suspect, Brian Nelson, was a secret agent who was part of the Force Research Unit. He had provided information about Finucane's whereabouts, and also claimed that he had alerted his handlers about the planned killing.

In 2000, Amnesty International demanded that the then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Peter Mandelson, open a public inquiry into events surrounding his death. In 2001, as a result of the Weston Park talks, a retired Canadian Judge Peter Cory was appointed by the governments of Britain and Ireland to investigate the allegations of collusion by British and Irish security forces in the killing of Finucane, Robert Hamill, Harry Breen, Bob Buchanan and other individuals during the Troubles. Cory reported in April 2004, and recommended public enquiries be established including the case of the Finucane killing. The hard drives of Cory's inquiry were wiped by MI5 "in the interests of national security" in 2002.

In 2004, Ken Barrett pleaded guilty to Finucane's murder. His conviction came after a taped confession to the police, lost since 1991, re-surfaced.

In June 2005, the then Irish Taoiseach Bertie Ahern told Mitchell Reiss, the US Special Envoy to Northern Ireland, that "everyone knows" the UK government was involved in the murder of Pat Finucane. On 17 May 2006, the United States House of Representatives then passed a resolution calling on the British government to hold an independent public inquiry into Finucane's killing.

Initial investigations
A public inquiry was announced by the British Government in 2007, but Finucane's family criticised its limited remit and announced that they would not co-operate. Amnesty International has reiterated its call for an independent inquiry, and have called on members of the British judiciary not to serve on the inquiry if it is held under the terms of the 2005 Inquiries Act.

Finucane's widow, Geraldine, has written letters repeating this request to all the senior judges in Great Britain, and took out a full-page advertisement in the newspaper The Times to draw attention to the campaign. In June 2007, it was reported that no members of the security forces would be charged in connection with the killing.

On 11 October 2011, members of the Finucane family met with Prime Minister David Cameron in Downing Street. Cameron provided them with an official apology for state collusion into Pat Finucane's death. Following the meeting, Finucane's son Michael said that he and the family had been "genuinely shocked" to learn that the Cory recommendation of a public enquiry, previously accepted by Tony Blair, would not be followed, and that a review of the Stevens and Cory casefiles would be undertaken instead. Geraldine Finucane described the proposal as "nothing less than an insult...a shoddy, half-hearted alternative to a proper public inquiry". The following day, the official apology was given publicly in the House of Commons by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Owen Paterson.

Based on conversations she had had with Peter Cory, Finucane's widow subsequently claimed that Margaret Thatcher, the UK Prime Minister at the time of the murder, "knew exactly what was going on". She claimed that Cory had told her that he had seen papers marked 'for cabinet eyes only', and they involved collusion and the killing of her husband.

De Silva report
On 12 December 2012, the government released the Pat Finucane Review, the results of the inquiry conducted by Sir Desmond de Silva. The report documented extensive evidence of State collaboration with loyalist gunmen, including the selection of targets, and concluded that "there was a wilful and abject failure by successive governments to provide the clear policy and legal framework necessary for agent-handling operations to take place effectively within the law."

Prime Minister David Cameron acknowledged "shocking levels of collusion" and issued an apology. However, Finucane's family denounced the De Silva report as a "sham" and a "suppression of the truth" into which they were allowed no input. In May 2013, state documents dated 2011 disclosed through the courts revealed that David Cameron's former director of security and intelligence, Ciaran Martin, had warned him that senior members of Margaret Thatcher's government may have been aware of "a systemic problem with loyalist agents" at the time of Pat Finucane's death but had done nothing about it.

2015 lawsuit
In late 2015, three former RUC officers, Trevor McIlwrath, Johnston Brown and Alan Simpson, filed suit in the High Court in Belfast against the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), alleging that, to cover up a conspiracy, the PSNI obstructed their investigation into the murder in violation of the European Convention on Human Rights. The lawsuit alleged that a senior RUC official told Simpson, who headed the investigation, not to get "too deeply involved in this one." Simpson further alleged that a senior Special Branch official who told Simpson during the investigation that he knew nothing, was revealed by the De Silva report to actually have been privy to significant information.

Subsequent developments
In February 2019, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom ruled in agreement with the Finucane family, finding unanimously that the UK had failed to uphold article 2 of the European convention on human rights, which among other things obliges signatories to adequately investigate state-caused deaths. On 12 October 2020, the Northern Ireland Secretary, Brandon Lewis, committed to reach a decision on or before 30 November 2020 on whether a public inquiry would be held into the murder. The British Labour Party urged the UK Government to "act without delay" in the setting up of "an independent public inquiry".

On 26 November 2020, 24 members of the United States Congress urged Boris Johnson's government to set up public inquiry into the murder of Pat Finucane. Both Republicans and Democrats accused the UK government of 'breach of faith' in the case. Four days later, Lewis rejected calls for a public inquiry, citing ongoing PSNI and police ombudsman's reviews, despite the Chief Constable of the PSNI insisting that no new evidence had come to light. Mr. Lewis stated that "now is not the time" for a public inquiry, potentially leaving the door open for an inquiry in future. Sinn Féin, the SDLP, the Alliance Party and the Green Party sent a joint letter to Lewis, calling his decision an insult to Finucane's family.

Legacy
Madden & Finucane Solicitors, established in 1979 by Finucane and Peter Madden, and led by Madden, continues to act for those it considers to have been victims of mistreatment by the state, or their survivors.

The Pat Finucane Centre named in his honour, is a human rights advocacy and lobbying entity in Northern Ireland.

title: Pat Finucane


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Hua Rong

Hua Rong is a fictional character in Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Little Li Guang", he ranks ninth among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the 108 Stars of Destiny.

Background
The novel depicts Hua Rong as handsome-looking with red lips, sparkling white teeth, a narrow waist and broad shoulders. Deadly with his arrows, he is nicknamed "Little Li Guang" after the Han dynasty general Li Guang, whose skill in archery is legendary. Hua Rong serves as the garrison commandant of Qingfeng Fort (清風寨; in present-day Qingzhou, Shandong) under Liu Gao, the fort‘s governor, who in turn answers to the Qingzhou prefecture.

Battle of Qingfeng Fort
Song Jiang flees Yuncheng County, his hometown, after killing his mistress Yan Poxi. He first takes refuge in the residence of nobleman Chai Jin, then the Kong Family Manor at Mount White Tiger, before moving to Hua Rong's house at Hua's invitation. Coming near to the Fort, he is caught by the bandits of Mount Qingfeng (清風寨) but befriends the three chiefs -- Yan Shun, Wang Ying and Zheng Tianshou -- when they learn he is the chivalrous hero Song Jiang. At the stronghold he convinces Wang to free a woman he has abducted with the intention to make her his wife. Song feels obliged to help because the woman is the wife of Liu Gao, the superior of Hua Rong.

Lantern Festival comes around. Song Jiang, who is then living in Hua Rong‘s house, goes outdoor that night to enjoy the lanterns. Mrs Liu spots him in the crowd and lies to her husband that Song has abducted and attempted to rape her at Mount Qingfeng. Believing his wife, Liu orders Song arrested and jailed. As Liu ignores his plea to release Song, Hua Rong breaks into his house and frees his friend. When Liu‘s men come to Hua Rong‘s house to re-arrest Song, Hua scares them away when he twice lives up to his boast of hitting targeted spots on the two door gods painted on his house's entry gate with arrows.

Battle of Qingfeng Fort
Liu Gao seeks help from Murong Yanda, the governor of Qingzhou (in present-day Shandong). Murong sends military officer Huang Xin to deal with the matter. Pretending to be a mediator, Huang lures Hua Rong to a feast where he captures the latter with an ambush. Meanwhile, Song Jiang has been seized by Liu's men as he fled to Mount Qingfeng to seek sanctuary. When Huang is escorting Song and Hua back to Qingzhou, the three outlaw chiefs of Mount Qingfeng intercept the convoy and save the two. They kill Liu but Huang gets away and holes himself up in Qingfeng Fort.

Murong Yanda sends commander Qin Ming to lead a military attack on the outlaws. Hua battles with Qin and lures him to fall into a pit. Qin is grateful to Song Jiang for not killing him when he is brought before the bandits. But he refuses to join them. After a night at the stronghold, Qin returns to Qingzhou to discover its suburbs razed with the residents killed. Murong accuses him from the top of the city's wall that he has led bandits to commit the carnage. To punish Qin, Murong has killed his family, including his wife. Qin could not make his way into the city. As he wanders aimlessly, he meets Song Jiang, Hua Rong and the bandits of Mount Qingfeng. He is then told the bloodbath is their work led by a man disguised as him. Qin is furious but is appeased after Song says he will arrange for Hua Rong's sister to marry him as compensation.

After defecting to the bandits, Qin Ming convinces Huang Xin to surrender Qingfeng Fort. The bandits capture Mrs Liu and kills her to avenge Song's ordeals.

Life at Liangshan
Expecting a bigger attack from Qingzhou, Song Jiang suggests decamping to join the bandits at Liangshan Marsh. On the way, they come upon the duel between Lü Fang and Guo Sheng at Mount Mirror Image (or Mount Duiying). When the tassels of their ji weapons tangle together, Hua Rong separates them from afar with a shot. Lü and Guo are stunned and come to befriend the group. They also ask to join Liangshan.

When the group arrive at Liangshan, the stronghold's chief Chao Gai is incredulous when told how Hua disentangled the knot at Mount Mirror Image. As the hosts take them on a tour around Liangshan, Hua Rong proposes proving his archery skill. He awes his hosts when he shoots down a pinpointed wild goose flying in a flock. Thereafter his shooting prowess serves Liangshan well in many battles. For example, he shoots down a lantern in the first offensive on the Zhu Family Manor, which is used at night by the enemy to signal the movement of intruders, thus enabling the Liangshan force to make a safe withdrawal. In the battle of Gaotangzhou, Hua kills an enemy officer with a shot.

Death
Hua Rong is appointed as one of the Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals of the Liangshan cavalry in what is called the Grand Assembly. He participates in the campaigns against the Liao invaders and rebel forces on Song territory following amnesty from Emperor Huizong for Lianghshan.

Hua Rong survives all the campaigns and is appointed official of a prefecture. When he learns in his dream from the spirit of Song Jiang that the latter has died from poisoning by corrupt officials of the imperial court, he travels to Chuzhou (楚州; in present-day Huai'an, Jiangsu), where Song is buried. There he finds Wu Yong mourning at the grave. Hua convinces Wu that he could join him in suicide to meet Song Jiang in the other world, saying that he has already arranged for his family to have a decent life. They hang themselves from a tree next to Song's grave.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hua Rong


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Talk:Ikan bilis

For those who question the nature of the redirect, Ikan bilis means "anchovy" in Malay, I am using this redirect as a landmark reference when elaborating of Malaysian and Singaporean cuisine and related articles. -- Natalinasmpf 00:56, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ikan bilis


text: User talk:210.111.244.210

title: User talk:210.111.244.210


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Luniz

Luniz (pronounced Loonies) (formerly Luniz Toons and LuniTunes)  is an American hip hop duo from Oakland, California, formed by West Coast rappers Yukmouth and Numskull. They were signed to Noo Trybe Records and C-Note Records. They were the flagship act for C-Note Records. The group is best known for the internationally successful hit in 1995 titled "I Got 5 on It", known as a weed-smoking anthem.

Studio albums

 * Operation Stackola (1995)
 * Lunitik Muzik (1997)
 * Silver & Black (2002)
 * No Pressure (2018)

Mixtapes

 * High Timez (2015)

Extended plays

 * Formally Known as the LuniTunes (1994)

Filmography

 * 1996: Original Gangstas, as customers at Thelma's Café

title: Luniz


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John R. Winder

John Rex Winder (December 11, 1821 – March 27, 1910) was a leader and general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was Second Counselor in the Presiding Bishopric from 1887 to 1901, and First Counselor in the First Presidency to church president Joseph F. Smith from 1901 until his death. He was well known for his business abilities, and influenced Heber J. Grant. He was also active in politics and the militia, participating in the Utah War and the Black Hawk War (Utah). When the church came under heavy government pressure for its practice of plural marriage, Winder held the church's assets to keep them from being seized by the federal government. He was a polygamist and had four wives and 20 children.

Early life
Winder was born to Richard and Sophia Collins Winder in Biddenden, England. He worked in several trades as a youth, settling into a position as a shoe and leather man in his twenties in London. There he married Ellen Walters in 1845. There also he was recruited to manage a shoe store in Liverpool.

In the shoe store, he discovered the LDS Church and joined as a member. In February 1853, he and his wife set out to Utah to join the church there. He traveled across the Atlantic Ocean, nearly succumbing to smallpox on the way. He then traveled via steamboat up the Mississippi River to St. Louis, Missouri, where he caught another boat leading up to Keokuk, Iowa. From there he traveled with a company of members heading towards Utah Territory under Joseph W. Young. They arrived on October 10, 1853.

Utah life
Engaged in leather work, Winder was quite successful in several ventures. His business sense became recognized and eventually he found seats on several corporate boards. Of his ventures, one remains today: Winder Dairy. Winder was generous with his wealth: The poor, orphans, and widows benefited greatly from his efforts.

Winder also became a figure in politics and the militia in the territory. He led the Nauvoo Legion to stop the advance of Johnston's Army in the Utah War of 1857. In the Black Hawk War (Utah), he fought as Adjutant General. He was the chief aid to General Daniel H. Wells, and wrote up the expense report submitted to congress at the conclusion of the conflict.

Winder also served as chairman of the People's Party. His efforts to modernize the exercise of politics in the territory led from the church-dominated system to a two-party system much like the national political system. Serving as a delegate to several state constitutional conventions, he was an instrument in Utah Territory achieving statehood.

General authority
LDS Church president John Taylor called Winder to serve as Second Counselor to Presiding Bishop William B. Preston on April 8, 1887. During this time, the federal government began to put more pressure on the church for its practice of plural marriage. After the passage of the Edmunds–Tucker Act in 1887, church leaders went into hiding and church assets were distributed to be kept from being seized. Winder assisted many people on the run from the federal government, by helping to hide them or to post bail. His poplar farm on the south of the city served as a temporary church headquarters for Taylor.

In 1890, church president Wilford Woodruff approached Winder, Charles W. Penrose, and George Reynolds to review and edit the manuscript of the Manifesto. With the publication and announcement of the Manifesto, federal pressure was alleviated.

Another significant contribution of Winder during his tenure as Second Counselor in the Presiding Bishopric was his work on the interior of the Salt Lake Temple. He managed the interior work to be done, and completed it much ahead of schedule. That earned him praise from leaders of the church. After the dedication, Winder served as First Assistant to temple president Lorenzo Snow. Winder remained in the presidency of the temple until his death.

Winder was called to the First Presidency as First Counselor to church president Joseph F. Smith on October 17, 1901. One of the notable efforts of that administration was the legal fight to get Reed Smoot seated as a U.S. senator in the Smoot Hearings. In 1909, the First Presidency published a proclamation called "The Origin of Man", which clarified the church's position on human evolution and reaffirmed that men are the children of God and were created by him.

Apostle?
Having never been a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles prior to his call to the First Presidency, a situation which is a rarity in the LDS Church, there has been some dispute as to whether or not Winder was ordained an apostle at the time of his appointment to the First Presidency. The LDS Church has no record of Winder being ordained to the priesthood office of apostle.

Family life
Winder married Ellen Walters in London in 1845. A practitioner of plural marriage, Winder married Hannah Thompson in Salt Lake City in 1855, Elizabeth Parker in 1857, and later, Maria Burnham in 1893. Through the first three women he fathered 23 children.

Maria Burnham was from Fruitland, New Mexico Territory, where the LDS Church congregation was named the Burnham Ward because of her family's prominence in the early history of the area.

Death
Winder died in Salt Lake City, Utah, of pneumonia. He was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery. Anthon H. Lund succeeded him as First Counselor in the First Presidency.

title: John R. Winder


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Kaiketsu Noutenki

Kaiketsu Noutenki (快傑のーてんき), is a series of tokusatsu fan film parodies produced by Daicon Films (now Gainax). A parody of the 1977 Toei superhero show Kaiketsu Zubat (created by Shotaro Ishinomori), the title hero of this series has the same exact alter-ego, Ken Hayakawa, only he is a comically fat fanboyish young man wearing the same exact gringo cowboy attire. As Noutenki, Ken Hayakawa is decked out in a pink & red jumpsuit (with a "no"/の on the chest), fixed navy blue galoshes, blue gloves, white hood and a yellow crash helmet. He rides a fixed scooter.

Ken Hayakawa/Noutenki is played by Yasuhiro Takeda, who also produced this series, and went on to produce many of Daicon/Gainax's projects.

"Noutenki" is the Japanese word for "scatterbrain".

Bloopers/Outtakes (especially with the special effects sequences) are shown during the closing credits of each episode (and consequently, the credits sometimes deliberately went almost out of focus).

Films

 * Kaiketsu Noutenki (快傑のうてんき) August 1982, 15 minutes, video
 * Episode Title: "Watch Out, Young Woman - A Mistress' Fear" (危うし少女、メカケの恐怖 - Ayaushi Shǒjo, Mekake no Kyǒfu)
 * Kaiketsu Nōtenki 2 - Pure Love in Minato City (快傑の-てんき2 純愛港町篇 - Kaiketsu Nōtenki 2 - Junai Minato-cho Hen) March 1984, ? minutes, 8 mm
 * Kaiketsu Nōtenki in USA (快傑の-てんき in USA) June 1984, 4 minutes, video
 * Roleplaying Nōtenki in Seoul (ロールプレイングの-てんき in ソウル) August 1988, video

title: Kaiketsu Noutenki


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User talk:Telescopium1

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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--naryathegreat | (talk) 01:00, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

May I suggest that you create a user page, even if it is just a simple hello? It makes others take you more seriously because the red link to your page stands out so much.--naryathegreat | (talk) 04:01, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

Your welcome. I'm glad you've decided to stay and help out. By the way, if you'll notice, user pages are in the form of User:Name -- This means that Naryathegreat is a red link to a blank page. You have to type User:Naryathegreat to get the link to the page. You can also do Naryathegreat. When you format any link in this way, place the real page name before the | and what you want the link to say after it. For instance, click here to find out a lot more about this. Obviously the page is not named "here" what I wrote was here. For links in a namespace (the prior link is in the "Wikipedia" namespace, or the part before the colon). If I wanted to link to my user page, I could use a little trick called piping. If all I want to do is get rid of the namespace, in this case User:, then I can type User:Naryathegreat, and the software automatically fills in the part after the | with Naryathegreat. This is a cool trick it took me a long time to learn. I hope it helps you. I told you all this because of the link of your user page, which is "broken". I would fix it, but it's taboo on Wikipedia to touch other people's user pages. Feel free to contact me with any questions.--naryathegreat | (talk) 02:50, August 9, 2005 (UTC)

Military Bands
I'm trying to find some sources for this. Also, you seem to have some knowledge about bands and band music. I've worked a lot on the Turkish crescent article, and have become a bit of an expert on the (pretty obscure) subject. I'm looking for some additional sources on it, especially about its non-musical role as a symbol of conquest, and about its use in Sousa's Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. If you happen to have any information on this stuff, please do let me know. Lou Sander (talk) 13:15, 9 August 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Telescopium1


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Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad

The Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad was the final name of a system of railroads throughout Florida, becoming part of the Seaboard Air Line Railway in 1900. The system, including some of the first railroads in Florida, stretched from Jacksonville west through Tallahassee and south to Tampa. Much of the FC&P network is still in service under the ownership of CSX Transportation.

History
The Tallahassee Rail Road was first organized in 1832 as the Leon Railway, changing its name in 1834. It opened in 1837, connecting Tallahassee, Florida to the Gulf of Mexico port of St. Marks, Florida. This was the second steam railroad in Florida, opening just a year after the Lake Wimico and St. Joseph Canal and Railroad.

The Florida, Atlantic and Gulf Central Railroad was chartered January 24, 1851, to build west from Jacksonville, Florida, and construction began in 1857. The Pensacola and Georgia Railroad was chartered in January 1853, to be built east from Pensacola, Florida, but started at Tallahassee. The two lines met at Lake City, Florida in 1860, and the latter also built from Tallahassee west to four miles (6 km) short of Quincy, Florida, stopping in 1863 in the middle of the American Civil War.

In 1855 the Pensacola and Georgia bought the Tallahassee. In 1869 the two merged to form the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, which obtained trackage rights over the Florida Central Railroad, the 1868 reorganization of the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf. The railroad eventually was built west to Chattahoochee, Florida, a major junction with the Pensacola and Atlantic Railroad continuing west and the Chattahoochee and East Pass Railroad running northeast. In 1882, Sir Edward Reed purchased the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile, absorbing the Florida Central and reorganizing the two as the Florida Central and Western Railroad.

The Florida Railroad was incorporated January 8, 1853, to build a line across the state, from Fernandina, Florida (north of Jacksonville, Florida) southwest to Cedar Key, Florida. The first train ran in 1861, but the line failed and the company was reorganized in 1866. In 1872 it was reorganized again as the Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transit Company. In 1881, Sir Edward Reed purchased the railroad and reorganized it as the Florida Transit Company, which in 1883 was reorganized again as the Florida Transit and Peninsular Railroad. The Florida Transit and Peninsular operated two subsidiaries, the Peninsula Railroad and Tropical Florida Railroad, organized to build lines respectively from the Florida Transit at Waldo, Florida to Ocala, Florida and beyond to Tampa, Florida.

In 1884-85, Reed merged the Florida Transit and Peninsular Railroad with the Florida Central and Western Railroad, Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad, and Leesburg and Indian River Railroad as the Florida Railway and Navigation Company, which instantly became the largest railroad system in Florida. The new company was placed in receivership in October 1885, sold at foreclosure and reorganized as the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad Company in 1886.

On May 1, 1889, the company was reorganized again, as the Florida Central and Peninsular Railway, and on January 16, 1893, the final reorganization produced the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad, along with a merger of the Florida Northern Railroad (a line from Yulee to Savannah, Georgia). The Seaboard Air Line Railway leased the FC&P on July 1, 1900, and the latter was merged into the former on August 15, 1903. The FC&P tracks from Savannah, Georgia to Tampa, Florida via Jacksonville became part of Seaboard's main line.

Though a series of mergers between 1967 and 1987, the Seaboard became part of CSX Transportation. Much of the former FC&P network remains in service today.

Main Lines (Southern and Western Divisions)
By the time the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad reached its greatest extent in 1893, it essentially had two main lines. One of the main lines (the Western Division) extended from Jacksonville west to Tallahassee and Chattahoochee, where it connected to the Pensacola and Atlantic Railroad (a subsidiary of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad). The other main line (the Southern Division) was what was previously the Florida Railroad extending from Fernandina Beach to Cedar Key. These two main lines intersected at Baldwin Junction just west of Jacksonville. The routes continued in operation after Seaboard acquired the lines in 1900, although Seaboard designated the route to Tampa as the main line south of Waldo instead of the route to Cedar Key.

Seaboard abandoned the former Southern Division from Archer to Cedar Key in 1932. The line was abandoned between Callahan and Yulee in 1954. The line from Archer to Waldo was removed in the late 1980s. Today, State Road 24 runs along much of the former right of way of the route between Waldo and Cedar Key. The Waldo Road Greenway also runs along the former right of way between Gainesville and Waldo. South of Baldwin, it is part of CSX's S Line.

FC&P's Southern Division is still active and in service as the following:
 * First Coast Railroad (Fernandina Beach to Yulee)
 * CSX (Callahan to Waldo)
 * Callahan Subdivision (Callahan to Baldwin Junction)
 * Wildwood Subdivision (Baldwin to Waldo)

The Western Division remains operates as the following routes:
 * CSX Jacksonville Terminal Subdivision (Jacksonville to Baldwin)
 * Florida Gulf & Atlantic Railroad (Baldwin to Chattahoochee)

Tampa Division
The Tampa Division ran from the Fernandina-Cedar Key line at Waldo south to Tampa. This had been chartered as the Peninsula Railroad north of Ocala and the Tropical Florida Railroad south of Ocala. After the Seaboard acquisition, this route became the southernmost segment of their main line. It subsequently became part of CSX's S Line.

While mostly intact, a short 16-mile segment of the S Line has been abandoned between Lacoochee and Zephyrhills, where the line now briefly detours along a former Atlantic Coast Line route (using former South Florida Railroad and Tampa and Thonotosassa Railroad trackage). Despite not being part of the original line, this former Atlantic Coast Line segment is considered to be an unofficial part of the S Line since it carries all S Line traffic.

The Tampa Division now operates as the following routes on the S Line:
 * Wildwood Subdivision (Waldo to Lacoochee)
 * Yeoman Subdivision (Zephyrhills to east of Tampa)
 * Tampa Terminal Subdivision (east of Tampa to Gary)

Northern Division
The Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad was organized in 1874 and opened in 1881, connecting Jacksonville north to the Southern Division at Yulee. It was consolidated into the Florida Railway and Navigation Company in 1885.

The South Bound Railroad was organized in 1887 and completed in 1891, connecting Columbia, South Carolina to Savannah, Georgia. The FC&P leased it in 1893. In 1892 the Florida Northern Railroad was chartered by the FC&P to continue the Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad north into Georgia, where the FC&P continued the line to Savannah. This opened in 1894, forming a continuous line from Jacksonville to Columbia. In 1899 and 1900, the South Bound Railroad was extended north to Camden, South Carolina to meet the Seaboard Air Line Railway's Chesterfield and Kershaw Railroad. The Northern Division became part of the Seaboard main line after the Seaboard acquisition.

In 1925, the Gross Cutoff was built by Seaboard from the Northern Division near the Florida/Georgia state line southwest to the Southern Division at Callahan.

The Northern Division remains today in segments. The abandoned segment within Jacksonville is now the S-Line Urban Greenway.

After the Seaboard Coast Line became the CSX Corporation in the 1980s, CSX abandoned the S Line between Riceboro, Georgia (just southwest of Savannah) and Bladen, Georgia in 1986. Track between Bladen and Seals was removed in 1990.

The Northern Division is now the following routes:
 * CSX (Camden, South Carolina to Savannah, Georgia)
 * Hamlet Subdivision (Camden, South Carolina to Columbia, South Carolina)
 * Columbia Subdivision (Columbia to Savannah, Georgia)
 * Savannah Subdivision West Route (within Savannah)
 * Riceboro Southern Railway (Ogechee, Georgia to Riceboro, Georgia)
 * First Coast Railroad (Seals, Georgia to Yulee, Florida)
 * CSX Kingsland Subdivision (Yulee to Jacksonville)

Orlando Division
The Leesburg and Indian River Railroad was incorporated in 1884 and merged into the Florida Railway and Navigation Company in 1885. It built a line from the Tampa Division at Wildwood east to Tavares, with plans to continue east to Titusville. That extension was not built, but pieces were built by other companies.

The Tavares, Orlando and Atlantic Railroad was incorporated in 1883, and built an extension of line from Tavares to Orlando. The FC&P leased it in 1891.

The Orlando and Winter Park Railway was incorporated in 1886 and extended the line from Orlando to Winter Park. The Osceola and Lake Jesup Railway, incorporated 1888, continued the line past Oviedo to Lake Charm. In 1891 the two companies merged into the East Florida and Atlantic Railroad, which was leased by the FC&P in 1892. In the line's early days, passenger trains served the historic Church Street Station in Orlando, which belonged to the South Florida Railroad. Trains turned onto the South Florida Railroad (which became the main line of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, the Seaboard Air Line's competitor) in Downtown Orlando just north of the station. In 1896, the FC&P built its own Orlando station.

The line west of Orlando remained intact under Seaboard and its successors until the 1970s when tracks were removed between Leesburg and Tavares. Since 1986, the remaining line from Tavares to Orlando has been operated by the Florida Central Railroad, a short line that was run by the Pinsly Railroad Company from 1986 to 2019 and is now operated by Regional Rail, LLC. The Florida Midland Railroad, another Pinsly-operated short line, operated the segment from Wildwood to Leesburg from 1987 until 2005, when most of that end of the line was abandoned. All that remains on the Wildwood end is a short wye which CSX uses to turn locomotives from Wildwood Yard.

East of Orlando, the abandoned right of way is now the Cady Way Trail and the southern extension of the Cross Seminole Trail.

Other Branches
The Monticello Branch ran from the Western Division at Drifton north to Monticello.
 * Monticello

The Fernandina and Amelia Beach Railway was organized in 1883 to run from Fernandina at the end of the Southern Division south to Amelia Beach. The FC&P leased it in 1891, and it was abandoned around 1900.
 * Amelia Beach

The Wannee Branch was originally part of the Atlantic, Suwannee River and Gulf Railway. It branched off the Southern Division at Starke and headed west to Wannee. Construction of the line began in 1863. The line was bought by the FC&P in 1899 and it was completed to Wannee in 1902. The branch remains in service as part of CSX's Brooker Subdivision from Starke to a point just west of LaCrosse. The branch's connection with the main line is still known as Wannee Junction.
 * Wannee

The branch to Early Bird was built in 1890 and branched off the Southern Division in Archer. The line gained more prominence in the Seaboard era. Seaboard extended the branch south through Dunnellon and Hernando to Inverness in 1911. The Brooksville and Inverness Railway, a Seaboard subsidiary, extended it further south to Brooksville in 1925 to connect with the Tampa Northern Railroad. This created an alternate route into Tampa, which the Seaboard Air Line designated as the Brooksville Subdivision. Much of this line was removed in the late 1970s.
 * Early Bird

The short Silver Springs branch from Ocala east to Silver Springs was built along with the Tampa Division. The Seaboard Air Line later leased this branch to the Ocala Northern Railroad in 1909. The Ocala Northern extended the line to Palatka by 1912. The Ocala Northern was reorganized as the Ocklawaha Valley Railroad in 1915, but the line was abandoned by 1922.
 * Silver Springs

The Lake Weir Branch ran from Summerfield east to South Lake Weir, and was built along with the Tampa Division.
 * Lake Weir

The short Sumterville branch from Sumterville Junction to Sumterville was built with the Tampa Division.
 * Sumterville

The St. Mark's branch was built by the Tallahassee Railroad ran from Tallahassee south. It was one of the first operating railroads in Florida. It's become the longest-operating railroad in Florida at 147 years. It was abandoned in 1983. The Florida Park Service currently maintains it as the Tallahassee-St. Marks Historic Railroad State Trail.
 * St. Marks

 * Whitehall

Historic stations
Southern Division

Tampa Division

Western Division

Orlando Division

Northern Division

title: Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad


text: Category:German foods

title: Category:German foods


text:
Outer coat

Outer coat can refer to:

 * Overcoat, an outerwear coat
 * Guard hair, the longest, most coarse hairs in a mammal's coat
 * Tunica adventitia (vessels), the outermost layer of a blood vessel

title: Outer coat


text:
Chandragiri

Chandragiri is a suburb and neighbourhood of Tirupati and located in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of Tirupati urban agglomeration and a major growing residential area in Tirupati It is the mandal headquarters of Chandragiri mandal in Tirupati revenue division. It also falls in the jurisdictional limit of Tirupati Urban Development Authority. Chandragiri is the southwestern entrance of Tirupati for vehicles coming from Bangalore, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Kalyana Venkateswara Temple, Srinivasamangapuram is located next to Chandragiri through which well-laid stone footpaths called Srivari Mettu are available to reach Tirumala on foot.

Chandragiri fort
Chandragiri is now famous for the historical fort, built in the 11th century, and the Raja Mahal (Palace) within it. The fort encircles eight ruined temples of Saivite and Vaishnavite pantheons, Raja Mahal, Rani Mahal and other ruined structures.

The Raja Mahal Palace is now an archaeological museum. The fort and palace are in the care of the Archaeological Survey of India. The palace is open to the public, but the fort is closed. The palace is an example of Indo-Sarcen architecture of the Vijayanagar period. The palace was constructed using stone, brick, lime mortar and devoid of timber. The crowning towers represents the Hindu architectural elements.

Chandragiri was under the rule of Vijayanagar from 1367. It came into prominence during the rule of Saluva Narasimha Raya. Chandragiri was the 4th capital of Vijayanagar Empire. Rayas shifted their capital to here when Golconda sultans attacked Penukonda. In 1646, the fort was annexed to the Golkonda territory.

After the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, the Mysore King ordered the palaygara Bisaya Nayaka of Harapanayakanahalli (present Mulbagal, Karnataka) to wage a war against the Sultan of Chandragiri. In the battle, his army was reported to have killed everyone inside the fort. There is also a myth that out of the wealth collected from the Muslim women in the fort, their nose rings alone filled 3 whole bamboo buckets, which were then sealed in a two-stone locker and placed in Kurudumale, (in Karnataka) With the Sultan's death, Chandragiri fell under Mysore suzerainty. It went into oblivion from 1792 onward.

title: Chandragiri


text:
AutoLatina

AutoLatina was a joint venture between Volkswagen Group subsidiary Volkswagen do Brasil (51%) and Ford Motor Company subsidiary Ford Brasil (49%) in South America. The main reason for the joint venture was the bad economic situation at the time, which made joint survival more attractive than an individual fight for a share in a dwindling market.

Four divisions - Ford of Argentina, Ford Brasil (Ford of Brasil), Volkswagen Argentina, and Volkswagen do Brasil - formed AutoLatina in July 1987.

Volkswagen managed the car division, and Ford the truck division.

This resulted in the two companies sharing badge engineered models. These included:
 * Ford Verona / Volkswagen Apollo
 * Ford Escort Mk V / Volkswagen Pointer
 * Ford Orion / Volkswagen Logus
 * Volkswagen Santana / Ford Galaxy/Versailles
 * Volkswagen Quantum / Ford Royale

A clay model of a small Ford 3-door hatchback derived from the Volkswagen Gol was made, as well as sketches of 5-door, panel van and XR2 versions. Stylists found difficulty styling around the unusual proportions caused by engine packaging, causing dissatisfaction with Ford's management towards the platform restrictions. Models using Volkswagen's B5 platform were also considered, such a SUV-like "RSV" model, an MPV model and derived pickup, and a Ford sedan and wagon. Sketches were also produced of Fusca "Icon" concepts (such as buggys and hot rods), a new-generation Gol 3, and cabriolet and pickup variants of the Logus. A facelifted Logus was cancelled due to the collapse of the venture.

The AutoLatina venture was dissolved in December 1995. The market share of Ford had eroded since the merger, due to its lack of small models markets when the market was shifting to more economic vehicles. For its part, Volkswagen maintained its leadership in Brazil thanks to the Volkswagen Gol and gained market share in Argentina (from 10% in 1987 to 18.6% in 1996). Market liberalization also made it unnecessary to have separate development lines for Latin America, and both manufacturers wanted to incorporate theirs into the global brand lineups. The companies thus resumed their separate activities, regaining whatever physical assets they had before the merger.

Truck Division
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles and Ford Trucks were built alongside each other in the Ipiranga complex, both shared parts and platforms. Ford kept manufacturing trucks for Volkswagen for a while after the break-up, although they proceeded to develop their own truck manufacturing capacity.

The Truck Division also exported trucks to the Paccar Group in the United States, where they were sold with Kenworth and Peterbilt badging.

title: AutoLatina


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lung Plung

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 01:00, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

Lung Plung
A record label with three Google hits, and their official website is at freewebs.com. RickK 01:05, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC) NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO DONT DO IT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! WERE GONNAA BE HUGGE!!!!!
 * Delete Denni ☯ 01:38, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * Delete though I wish them well. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 01:46, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, super independence must be assimilated. Mr Bound 02:19, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Not notable at this time. When they sign our buddy above, perhaps they'll have that big breakthrough. Geogre 02:43, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 10:25, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable, come back later. --Etacar11 16:09, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. StopTheFiling 22:47, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User talk:Holger Finken

Ich frage halt einfach mal auf Deutsch, weil es auch einen Bezug zum Fall hat. Du hast das Logo der Bergakademie Freiberg hier hochgeladen, während ich recht vergeblich versuchte dies persönlich dort zu erschnoren. Folglich meine Frage: Was ist mit dem Urheberrecht? --Saperaud 01:06, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Herr Kollege,

ich habe das Logo von der Seite des MISIS Moskau, von den Berichten über die Lomonossov-Feiern in Freiberg im Mai 2005. Aber vielleicht haben die um das Urheberrecht ja auch nicht gefragt.

Wer verwaltet denn das Logo-Recht im Hause TUBAF? Grundsätzlich sollten die doch interessiert sein, mit Logo in der Wikipedia zu stehen.

Gruß --62.104.216.76 16:39, 25. Jun 2005 (CEST)

Ich habe schlicht keine Rückmeldung erhalten, ob und wie das Logo unter GNU zu stellen wäre. Ohne konkrete Zusage sage ich aber einfach nur Abmahnwelle. --Saperaud ☺ 16:52, 25. Jun 2005 (CEST)

how do you translate Gemeinderat?
Hi Holger, you contributed once about articles on Landtage, etc. I have a question maybe you could help out thanks alot.... Gryffindor 11:17, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

about China proper
Qing Dynasty also used 15 province system from 1645 to 1662. And Kiang-nan Province was clearly a Qing Dynasty province, not Ming Dynasty. --Neo-Jay 17:31, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I perfectly agree.--Holger Finken 20:12, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Freiberg.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Freiberg.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. This is an automated message from BJBot 05:26, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Misa.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Misa.png. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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French Regions
Hello,  I've seen you edited back Reunion and Guadeloupe in the List of countries and dependencies by population. I had edited them out because they're neither countries nor dependencies, but full parts of France the same way Hawaii is full part of the US. If you apparently believe they should remain on the list nonetheless, can you participate in the discussion on this matterin the talkpage? Have a good day.--Aréat (talk) 12:34, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Holger Finken


text:
OTR-23 Oka

The OTR-23 Oka (OTP-23 «Ока»; named after Oka River) was a mobile theatre ballistic missile (оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс) deployed by the Soviet Union near the end of the Cold War to replace the obsolete SS-1C 'Scud B'. It carried the GRAU index 9K714 and was assigned the NATO reporting name SS-23 Spider. The introduction of the Oka significantly strengthened Soviet theatre nuclear capabilities as its range and accuracy allowed it not only to strike hardened NATO targets such as airfields, nuclear delivery systems, and command centers, but moving targets as well. It also had a fast reaction time, being able to fire in approximately five minutes, and was nearly impossible to intercept, thereby allowing it to penetrate defenses.

The main components of the 9K714 system were:
 * the transport and launch vehicle PU 9P71 (cамоходная пусковая установка), based on the amphibious BAZ-6944
 * the similar transporter-loader TZM 9T230 (транспортно-заряжающая машина) with one spare missile and equipped with a hydraulic crane
 * the re-supply vehicle TM 9T240 (транспортная машина), a ZIL-131 tractor with semi-trailer to transport a missile (in transport container 9Ya249) and a warhead (in a 9Ya251 container)

The operational life of the Oka was limited and controversial. The Soviet military asserted that the Oka had a maximum range of 250 miles (400 km). American experts, however, estimated it had a greater range. In 1987, Mikhail Gorbachev proposed to George Shultz that he would unilaterally remove all Okas, if it would prevent the United States from building up its own short-range nuclear forces in Europe, despite the fact that the Soviet military was in favor of the Oka. Shultz however lacked the authority to act on the suggestion. Gorbachev included the Oka in the class of systems to be discontinued as part of the INF Treaty as a gesture of goodwill, even though Soviet assertions of its maximum range did not put it outside the specifications of the treaty.

There was diplomatic controversy over this weapons system in April 1990, when the Soviets informed the US of their covert transfer of at least 120 missiles to the Warsaw Pact states of Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and East Germany during the time of negotiation of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. Evidence indicates that the missiles were transferred with conventional warheads only, although equipment to load Soviet nuclear warheads was apparently retained.

Missile variants

 * The 9M714B missile armed with the AA-60 (9N63) nuclear warhead and possessing a maximum range of 500 km
 * The 9M714F missile armed with a FRAG-HE warhead weighing 450 kg and possessing a maximum range of 450 km
 * The 9M714K missile armed with a submunitions warhead 9N74K weighing 715 kg and possessing a maximum range of 300 km

In addition to these warheads, the OTR-23 Oka was also reported to be able to deliver chemical munitions.

Former operators

 * 🇧🇬: Phased out in 2002
 * 🇨🇿: Phased out in the 1990s
 * : Passed on to successor states
 * : Phased out in the 1990s, shortly before the reunification with West-Germany
 * 🇸🇰: Phased out in 2000
 * : Phased out as directed by the INF Treaty

title: OTR-23 Oka


text: Category:Seaboard Air Line Railroad

title: Category:Seaboard Air Line Railroad


text:
Ubach

Ubach may refer to:

 * Ubach (surname)
 * Übach-Palenberg, town in Germany
 * Ubach over Worms, village in the Netherlands
 * Ubach creek, watercourse in Western Australia

title: Ubach


text:
User:Ziggythehamster

Who is Ziggy The Hamster?
Ziggy the Hamster is the mascot of The Ignition Project, the open source project I run, and more importantly, it's the nickname I use. I love you. (Hi Jerry)

What do hamsters eat?
You'd have better luck reading here. The diet of ZiggyTheHamster is enriched with a complex diet of: Lunchables, Jimmy Dean Sausage, Slim Jims, and Tabasco sauce; then consumes Bawls and Mountain Dew for energy.

Accomplishments

 * Started pages: IRCX Tourniquet (band) Rocklahoma
 * Fixed pages: The Pick of Destiny

Interesting notes
The Colbert Report posted a photo of their audio board (https://sphotos-a.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-prn1/904512_10151375068511939_1090433564_o.jpg). It has phone numbers on it. Here they are:

 * Rem 1 / Cam PL: (212) 265-4914
 * IFB1:IFR2 (MXM3): (212) 265-4915
 * Rem 2 / Cam PL: (212) 265-4916
 * IFB2:IFR2 (MXM4): (212) 265-4917
 * PHN 1: (212) 581-3521

title: User:Ziggythehamster


text:
Les Georges Leningrad

Les Georges Leningrad were a Canadian experimental rock and punk rock group based in Montreal, Quebec.

Les Georges Leningrad were known for their extravagant stage costumes, including masks in particular. They frequently gave contradictory, incomprehensible or ludicrous answers to interviewers' questions. They have been elected twice "freakiest local act" by the readers of the weekly newspaper Montreal Mirror.

History
Les Georges Leningrad formed in 1999 in Montreal. The members took turns at bass, keyboard, guitar, drums and vocals, sometimes using a drum machine. The band originally consisted of four members; they were reduced to a trio with the departure of bassist Toundra LaLouve after their first album was released. The band produced several albums, 2002'a including Sur les Traces de Black Eskimo in 2004.

In 2007 the band created the score for Asparagus: A Horticultural Ballet, which was performed at Conway Hall in London, England.

After announcing in early 2007 on their MySpace page that they had broken up, Les Georges Leningrad now say that they may play more shows sometime in the future.

Members

 * Poney P (vocals)
 * Mingo L'Indien (keyboards, guitar)
 * Bobo Boutin (drums)

Discography

 * 2002 Made In Taiwan
 * 2002 Deux Hot Dogs Moutarde Chou (Les Records Coco Cognac)
 * 2004 Sur les Traces de Black Eskimo (Alien8 Recordings)
 * 2005 Supa Doopa Remix (Troubleman Unlimited)
 * 2006 Sangue Puro (Dare to Care Records, Tomlab)

title: Les Georges Leningrad


text: User talk:70.33.54.17

title: User talk:70.33.54.17


text:
File:Spanish-tragedy.gif

Woodcut and title page from The Spanish Tragedy.

title: File:Spanish-tragedy.gif


text:
User talk:Kennethtennyson

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Fire Star 01:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:DIFF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:RfPP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_checkuser http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_administrator_attention

Buddhists
Kenneth, why don't you become the founding member of Category:Buddhist Wikipedians? -- Ricky81682 (talk) 05:53, July 10, 2005 (UTC)

Hi!
Hi Kenneth! You made some useful contributions to the Zen article. There's a new Zen collaboration, if you're interested we'd love to have you involved! Rentwa 13:19, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Your archive
I noticed you accidentally created your archive at Talk:Articlename/Archive 1. I've moved it to User talk:Kennethtennyson/Archive 1 and nominated the redirect for speedy deletion. TimBentley (talk) 20:01, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Indian martial arts
sorry about not supplying the diffs; been a bit busy lately Don't worry about it.

i have to read on how to supply them. A "diff" is the difference between two consecutive versions of a page.

You can access them by clicking on the "last" in a page's history.

i believe that the ban was discussed by zarilli in one of his books... i think that you and i spoke of this years ago but i wasn't able to supply the reference at the time. I read Zarrilli just the other week and I don't remember any mention of a ban. I even typed up what he said about the decline of kalarippayattu for Talk:Indian martial arts.

And Zarrilli has written only the one book on kalarippayattu. I doubt that he would mention a ban on kalarippayattu in another book but not in his sole book on the subject.

Perhaps you were thinking of this Luijendijk book?

''the 9th century designation is related to the legend of parasuma in religious texts. zarilli speaks of this also.'' Now this I remember, but I have to look it up. Unfortunately I just returned my copy of Zarrilli to the library. I know of one other editor who has a copy though.JFD 20:08, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Three? I could have sworn I started editing only a year ago.
 * And you seem calmer. I think a couple of days wikibreak did you some good.
 * Of course, the 48-hour block on Indrancroos probably doesn't hurt either.
 * JFD 20:43, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

 * bazex syndrome
 * JFD 02:21, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Indrancroos
''I wonder if the above can be called harassment? Kind of scary, he really really wants to get in touch with Freedom skies.... very close to being stalker personality.''

I'm sure that Freedom skies is perfectly capable of taking care of himself, both on and off the interweb. Who he gives his e-mail address to is his business. I was merely making sure that whatever decision he ultimately makes would be an informed one. JFD 19:33, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

If you can show me a "Phd." scholar from India who discredits the Bodhidarma theory, then I will believe everything you say, and even stop posting or editing on wikipedia. Is that is deal? Indrancroos: "I'll rather be happy than right, anytime." 20:40, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

more references
I saw the Spiessbach on a list of articles published in the Journal of Asian Martial Arts but was never willing to pony up for the back issue. JFD 05:19, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Not mine, unfortunately. JFD 00:10, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Dude. I would really appreciate that.
 * JFD 03:15, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

you know "you know"
As far as I can tell Indrancroos, you are not contributing to the article - only trying to push your POV. What do you mean? Would you all like for me to contribute to the article? Or would it be called a POV even though I provide sources... The IMA mentions of the Dravidian martial arts. Am I allowed to contribute more to that? FYI: Did you know that the term "Ancient India" is a big POV? I'm surprised you have not raised any rucuss about that. It is like saying there was an ancient Canada... You tell Freedom skies, that, he will wet his pants, and say "live with it"... Anyways, I guess the whole battle started over Bodhidarma... I will not touch that section or even talk about it. I know where JFD is coming from in regards to the subject on Bodhidarma... It is his heritage, and for someone else to talk about it, I know it probably gets to him... Just like Freedom skies trying to claim our arts as theirs and not give us any credit for it... I hope that I did not offend you, JFD... Truce? Indrancroos 04:33, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

hey
busy busy busy Anything interesting happpen in wikiville while I was away? JFD 18:23, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Indian influence on Chinese martial arts
I went to requests for page protection, and you did fine explaining your requests in protecting the article. However, you somewhat forgot one thing: either type (in bold) "full protection", "semi-protection", "move protection", or more than one request for only one article. --Gh87 16:51, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

Disputed Indian origins of East Asian martial arts
Unexpected but very good touch. The article, though of a side I do not entirely support, is shaping up just fine. Anyone who reads my article will find the link and navigate to yours (and JFDs), and they deserve to see the other POV presented in all it's strength. Freedom skies 01:31, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Assume good faith Kenny, or better yet provide citations for your claims that these authors have actually said anything against Bodhidharma. Is it so hard to provide sources for your claims that you have to actually go to the administrators to try and let your unsourced comments stay ? I can find Meir Shahar's citation, a PDF document in as little as a click of a button, why don't you try and do the same and for once get something useful in a wikipedia article instead of harassing people with maddening reverts ? Judging by this and the IMA article, in which you did'nt get anything accepted at all, I'm bracing myself for more mindless reverts. Anyways, more tries to revert the "citations needed" in the author links and I'm going to report you. Good day. Freedom skies 18:30, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Using sockpuppets, are we Kenny ? Freedom skies 19:36, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

-You're paranoid. I don't need sockpuppets when i am fully willing to change your edits on my own if they continue to be biased and factually incorrect. Kennethtennyson 04:17, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

Bodhihdarma and martial arts article
you've come into the middle of a conversation, Michael. 2 years ago, there was this huge discussion where some wikipedians were stateing that bodhidharma came from india through southeast asia to china and spread kalaripayattu (an indian martial art) that ended up being a progenitor of shaolin kung fu. after much discussion, we wrote this article so that we wouldn't have to go through the arguments again. They were quoting a hindu or random websites online. they were using those claims on their article. Kennethtennyson 18:22, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Looks like they still are. Many of the cites in the Indian influence on Chinese martial arts article are dross. --MichaelMaggs 18:28, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

I don't want to muck up anything you've been working on for ages, but it's strange that most of the careful refutations appear in the article Bodhidharma, the martial arts, and the disputed India connection which, by its title, sounds less authoritative than Indian influence on Chinese martial arts. The latter is stuffed full of violently POV statements. Would it not be possible to tackle the main article and to let Bodhidharma, the martial arts, and the disputed India connection die? Having two sound like a POV fork. The refutations also appear to be in reply to some statements that have not in themselves been sourced, which suggests to me I could add some citation-needed tags. But I'm not fully aware of the history here, as may be clear ... --MichaelMaggs 18:53, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

 * unfortunately, i don't think freedom skies will accept any changes to his article. also the wording "indian influence on chinese martial arts" is sort of POV. What influence are we speaking of? religious vs. actual martial arts influence? in terms of martial arts influence, no one has been able to tie anything. Religious influence you can state if you were willing to use buddhism but then it only applies to one martial arts - shaolin kung fu.  Our article has been there for years - before freedom skies came this year.  Freedom skies created his article as a platform for his views.  Kennethtennyson

Freedom Skies is temporarily unable to respond to your comments on Talk: Zen.--MichaelMaggs 17:47, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Reply
I am tempted to say that those with houses of glass do not throw stones on other people's houses" but I will keep my Indo Iranian wisdom to myself.

I did not start the edit wars. 15:44, 18 November 2006 JFD edited my article. 01:03, 20 November 2006 Freedom skies I edited as much as a ref tag on yours.

I leave it to the final version as presented by JFD.

Freedom skies (send a message to Freedom skies) 22:18, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

journal article surrounding early chinese martial arts
Hello, I am undergraduate history student at the University of Colorado. I am beginning to start some research on my final honors thesis paper which will be completed by May of 2008. I would like to research the ties between Chinese martial arts and Chinese religious systems. I have seen that you seen to know a fair amount about this subject and I was wondering if you could direct me to some good primary and secondary sources within this field that could help me. thanks in advance for any help you can offer. Electronic.mayhem 04:34, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for the information you gave me. I have noticed that the "sifus" are as confused about Chinese philosophy, religion, and martial arts as most people. I've already made extensive use of JSTOR since it's the best source for finding journal articles. I am, however, very curious about this individual you mentioned in Israel. I am actually going to be spending next semester in Israel studying at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Would you happen to know what University he is associated with so that I might get in contact with him? I need to find some good primary sources about this matter so that I can see the things for myself as well. Right now, all I've got in that department is De Bary's text on ancient Chinese texts. Thanks again for the help. Electronic.mayhem 01:08, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

The research is going quite well. It's a pain trying to sort things out, but it's not too bad. I'm in Israel, but I still haven't made contact with the Professor I was directed to. Electronic.mayhem 16:18, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

Foreign influence on Chinese martial arts
There is a request for arbitration over the NPOV status of Foreign influence on Chinese martial arts. In noticed that you were active in the discussion before -- please feel free to add your input again if you have the time. Djma12 22:18, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

I just jumped in with the vain hope that both sides would see the light and take it private. If I took sides it wouldn't help.Peter Rehse 01:15, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

mediation
A request for mediation has been filed with the Mediation Committee that lists you as a party. The Mediation Committee requires that all parties listed in a mediation must be notified of the mediation. Please review the request at Requests for mediation/Zen, and indicate whether you agree or refuse to mediate. If you are unfamiliar with mediation, please refer to Mediation. There are only seven days for everyone to agree, so please check as soon as possible.

 * Since Freedom Skies seems to have rejected the mediation, would it be appropriate to suggest arbitration? I find his behaviour extraordinary. Paul B 17:04, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Mediation Listing
Thanks for listing your case by hand, but in the future, if you'd let the MediationBot take care of that, it'd be great. It's just by listing them by hand, there's a greater chance of error, and if it's not done properly, it can kick the bot into doing multiple listings of cases, etc etc. Thankfully you did it correctly, so there's no issue, but this is just to let you know for next time. Thanks, ^ demon [omg plz] 04:04, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Request for Mediation
This message delivered: 00:15, 24 January 2007 (UTC).

Indian martial arts
I've just seen you encountered "Freedom skies" on that article. Note that he is a known "problem user" and has thrown around his temper on Indian mathematics in a similar fashion (obviously with an identical agenda of pushing fantastical dating claims etc.). It is difficult to write encyclopedic articles in the middle of such frolicking, but I hope this won't spoil Wikipedia for you. I've added the martial arts article to my watchlist in any case. Regards, dab (𒁳) 18:46, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kennethtennyson


text:
Wagar High School

Wagar High School was a high school at 5785 Parkhaven Avenue in Côte Saint-Luc, Quebec, Canada. It opened its doors in 1963 as part of the Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal (PSBGM) and closed in 2005 as part of the English Montreal School Board (EMSB). At its peak in the mid-70s, Wagar's population topped out at over 1,700 students, despite its having been built to accommodate 1,100. The school was named after Roy Wagar, a school board official. Wagar died during his speech at Monkland High School's graduation ceremony just a year before Wagar High School opened its doors.

Over many years, particularly in the 70s, Wagar High School enjoyed a reputation for high academic achievement, consistently scoring at the top of the provincial rankings, and regularly eclipsing teams from rival high schools such as West Hill, Mount Royal, Loyola, Father MacDonald and others, in the CBC Television quiz show "Reach For The Top".

After years of declining enrollment, Wagar High School was closed in 2005. The Wagar building was renamed The Giovanni Palatucci Facility on May 16, 2006, after a World War II hero who risked and eventually gave his life to save 5000 Jews. This was especially fitting because of the large percentage of Jewish students at Wagar during most of its history.

The school board is attempting to reopen the high school for the 2011–12 school year, as a sports specialty school.

The building was reopened as John Grant High School.

Notable alumni

 * Janet Perlman (born 1954, attended 9th and 10th grades) animator and children's book author.
 * Steven Pinker (born 1954, class of 1971) Harvard College experimental psychologist, cognitive scientist, linguist and popular science author.
 * Brian Barsky (class of 1971) University of California, Berkeley computer scientist, vision scientist, professor
 * Risa Bramon Garcia (born 1956, class of 1973) film and television director, producer, casting director, writer and teacher.
 * Zindel Segal (born 1956, class of 1973) cognitive psychologist, professor
 * Victoria Kaspi (born 1967, class of 1984) McGill University, astrophysicist, neutron stars, pulsar researcher
 * Mark Dabrowski (born 1950, class of 1967 engineer, oil platforms, Saudi Arabia
 * Eliezer Segal (born 1950, class of 1967 McGill University and Hebrew University, Full Professor
 * Barry Bonder (born 1961, class of 1979 Brandeis University and Dartmouth College
 * Rodney Stubina, PhD from The University of Florida, Specialist in African Studies, Countering Violent Extremism and Stabilization, Research Scientist with The Smithsonian Institution, United States Foreign Service Officer, with USAID; Senegal, Afghanistan, and the Caucasus.

title: Wagar High School


text:
Talk:Kiowa language

Does "J" really represent a "T" sound?
If so, is this the result of some phonetic shift? Had they run out of other letters of the Latin alphabet? (but I see that some digraphs TH and CH are used). On the face of it, this seems a bizarre choice. Grover cleveland (talk) 06:15, 22 February 2009 (UTC)
 * It is eccentric, but obviously McKenzie tried to avoid digraphs as well as he could, but didn't quite succeed. At least this way, no letter of the set abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz, which can be written on virtually any typewriter (OK – apart from those pesky Russian typewriters, but who still uses those?) and any computer keyboard out there (as far as I'm aware, all computer layouts include an easy way to type this set), went unused. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 15:29, 28 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes. This is part of Parker McKenzie's orthography. He designed it so he could use a standard typewriter to communicate in Kiowa with his friends and associates. Daniel Harbour and Laurel Watkins have a nice paper explaining how McKenzie's orthography was highly linguistically informed and essentially ideal for the purposes for which it was designed when he designed it.
 * There is no phonetic shift involved in this. The letter J represents a specific sound in Kiowa. It is absolutely not the English letter J. Xj (talk) 21:13, 17 January 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Kiowa language