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William Hall-Jones

Sir William Hall-Jones (16January 1851 – 19June 1936) was the 16th prime minister of New Zealand from June 1906 until August 1906.

Hall-Jones entered parliament in 1890, later becoming a member of the Liberal Party. He was interim prime minister from the death of Richard Seddon to the return from overseas of Joseph Ward. Hall-Jones was a mild mannered man with a fully earned reputation as an outstanding administrator. Seddon famously said of him, "He is the best administrator I have in my Cabinet."

From 1908 to 1912, Hall-Jones was New Zealand's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.

Early years
Hall-Jones was born in Folkestone, Kent, England, and landed at Dunedin in 1873. He became a carpenter and later a builder in Timaru. He developed an interest in local politics serving on the Timaru Borough Council from 1884 to 1886, and again from 1890 to 1892.

Member of Parliament
The death of Richard Turnbull triggered a by-election in the Timaru electorate, which was won by Hall-Jones on 18 August 1890. Hall-Jones had initially refused nomination from locals, citing several upcoming business contracts. However, after persistent calls, Hall-Jones reluctantly accepted despite having no parliamentary ambitions. He represented Timaru in the House of Representatives until his resignation in October 1908.

Hall-Jones proved an independent thinker. He was initially an Independent Liberal holding moderate, progressive views that tended to align him with John Ballance, Sir George Grey and John McKenzie. He joined the Liberal caucus and in 1891 became the party whip alongside Westby Perceval.

Cabinet minister
Hall-Jones became a cabinet minister in March 1896 and was given the Public Works portfolio by the prime minister, Richard Seddon following William Pember Reeves resignation to become Agent General for New Zealand in the United Kingdom. His main task in this role was improving the main trunk rail line between Auckland and Wellington. Rejecting a proposal for another incline on the Rimutaka ranges he insisted on using a better route, resulting in the Raurimu Spiral. He was also responsible for the eventual construction of the Otira tunnel, going through Arthur's Pass.

Several weeks after entering cabinet, Hall-Jones was also appointed minister of marine, a post which he was to hold for over a decade. Hall-Jones was also responsible for passing a bill granting protection to the famous navigation dolphin Pelorus Jack by Order in Council under the Sea Fisheries Act on 26 September 1904.

Prime Minister
Hall-Jones was acting prime minister during the absence from the country of Seddon in 1906 and formed an administration immediately after Seddon's funeral. During his brief period as prime minister, he was colonial treasurer, minister of labour, minister of education, minister for public works and minister of marine.

However, Hall-Jones announced that he would only hold power until Sir Joseph Ward's return from abroad. Despite this, there was much speculation in the media that he might attempt to remain in office as Seddon himself had done in 1893.

Later career
Hall-Jones accepted the Railways and Public Works portfolios in the subsequent Ward administration. Later, he succeeded William Pember Reeves as High Commissioner for New Zealand in London in December 1908, returned to New Zealand at the end of his term in 1912, and was appointed to the Legislative Council by Massey.

Hall-Jones died at his home in Wellington on 19 June 1936.

title: William Hall-Jones


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Frederick Whitaker

Sir Frederick Whitaker (23 April 1812 – 4 December 1891) was an English-born New Zealand politician who served twice as the premier of New Zealand and six times as Attorney-General.

Early life
Whitaker was born at the Deanery Manor House, Bampton, Oxfordshire, England, on 23 April 1812, the son of Frederick Whitaker and Susanna Whitaker (née Humfrey). Frederick junior undertook a legal education and became a solicitor and attorney at the age of 27. A year later he sailed to Australia and then New Zealand. He married Jane Augusta Griffith, stepdaughter of Alexander Shepherd (Colonial Treasurer) at St. Paul's Church in Auckland on 4 March 1843.

Whitaker lived in Auckland and was appointed a County Court judge until this position was abolished in 1844, at which time he returned to work as a lawyer. He was appointed to the General Legislative Council on 3 March 1845 until 22 December of that year. He was then appointed to the Legislative Council of New Ulster Province, but that Council had not met when the new Constitution arrived. He transferred to the new Legislative Council on 26 May 1853 and remained a member until his resignation on 19 December 1864. He was again appointed on 8 October 1879 and remained a member until his death 12 years later. He also served as a major in the militia.

He was elected onto the Auckland Provincial Council on 19 October 1854 for the Suburbs of Auckland electorate, and he served until 25 September 1855. He was appointed to the Auckland Executive Council from 14 March 1854 to 22 January 1855 and was the provincial law officer.

Attorney-General
Whitaker became the first Attorney-General of New Zealand in the Sewell Ministry led by Henry Sewell in 1856. He did not serve as Attorney-General in the subsequent Fox Ministry that was in power for a fortnight, but was again appointed to this position in the Stafford Ministry from 2 June 1856 onwards. He served as Attorney-General until the defeat of the Stafford Ministry on 12 July 1861 and went back to the law. In October 1863 Whitaker was called upon to form a government to replace Premier Domett following his defeat at a vote of no-confidence.

First Premiership
Whitaker's term as Premier lasted just over a year until November 1864. His term ended due to differences between himself and Governor Grey over the conduct of the New Zealand Wars. Whitaker also resigned as a member of the Legislative Council. He served briefly as the member of Parliament for Parnell from 1866 to 1867.

In October 1865 he was elected Superintendent of Auckland Province, which office he held until 1867. Then for nine years he stayed away from public office.

Second Premiership
In 1876 he became MP for Waikato and later Attorney-General again in Atkinson's government; the Atkinson Ministry lasted until October 1877. Whitaker lost his seat in the House in 1879, when he was defeated for Eden. However, when Premier Hall wanted him to serve as Attorney-General again, he was appointed once more to the Legislative Council in 1879. When Hall resigned in April 1882, Whitaker became Premier for the second time, serving until September 1883.

Whitaker was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1884 and served again as Attorney-General, and as leader of the Legislative Council from 1887 to 1890. By then his health was failing, and he died in Auckland on 4 December 1891. He was buried at St Stephen's Cemetery in Parnell.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Frederick Whitaker


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Phaedra (film)

Phaedra (Φαίδρα) is a 1962 American-Greek drama film directed by Jules Dassin as a vehicle for his partner (and future wife) Melina Mercouri, after her worldwide hit Never on Sunday.

The film was the fourth collaboration between Dassin and Mercouri, who took the title role. Greek writer Margarita Liberaki adapted Euripides' Hippolytus into a melodrama concerning the rich society of ship owners and their families, but still containing some of the tragic elements of the ancient drama. The film is set in Paris, London, and the Greek island of Hydra.

Plot
Phaedra, second wife of shipping tycoon Thanos (Raf Vallone), falls in love with her husband's son from his first marriage, Alexis (Anthony Perkins). The love is doomed from the very beginning but they are unable to control their feelings.

Cast

 * Melina Mercouri as Phaedra
 * Anthony Perkins as Alexis
 * Raf Vallone as Thanos
 * Élisabeth Ercy as Ercy
 * Georges Sari as Ariadne
 * Andreas Philippides as Andreas
 * Olympia Papadouka as Anna
 * Stelios Vokovich as Stavros
 * Nikos Tzogias as Felere (as Nicos Tzoyas)
 * Depy Martini as Heleni
 * Alexis Pezas as Dimitris
 * Kostas Baladimas as Dimos (as Dimos Baladinas)
 * Marc Bohan as himself (uncredited)
 * Jules Dassin as Christos (uncredited)

Production
Phaedra was filmed in Greece, France, and Great Britain. The production company Jorilie Productions is only credited by the American copyright source and the films status as a French co-production is unconfirmed.

The movie was released in 1962. It was a hit in Europe but a box-office failure in the USA. Although Mercouri and Perkins became friends during the filming, the magazines, and especially Esquire magazine, attacked the film, because of Perkins's vulnerability. Phaedra was one of several films that teamed Perkins with notable older female stars.

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Mikis Theodorakis. In the soundtrack, Melina Mercouri sang two songs. The first one was written by Nikos Gatsos, a major Greek poet, and was sung by Mercouri and Perkins after their love scene in Paris. The other one was heard in the film as the main love theme. Both of the songs are popular in Greece and they have been performed by hundreds of singers and actors.

The toccata from Johann Sebastian Bach's Toccata and Fugue for organ in F major, BWV 540 was used prominently in the film.

Home media
Phaedra was released to DVD by MGM Home Entertainment on June 6, 2011, as a Region 1 fullscreen DVD-on-demand disc via MGM's Limited Edition Collection available through Amazon.

title: Phaedra (film)


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George Waterhouse (politician)

George Marsden Waterhouse (6 April 1824 – 6 August 1906) was a Premier of South Australia from 8 October 1861 until 3 July 1863 and the seventh premier of New Zealand from 11 October 1872 to 3 March 1873.

Early life
George Waterhouse's father, Rev John Waterhouse, was general superintendent of the Wesleyan Missions in Australia and Polynesia.

Australia
Waterhouse was aged 15 when his family migrated in 1839, initially to Hobart. Four years later he moved to Adelaide and set up business as a merchant.

He was first elected to parliament in the electoral district of East Torrens in the colony of South Australia in August 1851. He resigned 3 years later, was elected again in 1857 but resigned again soon after.

He supported economic development of the colony through free trade and was elected to the South Australian Legislative Council again in 1860, where he advocated uniform tariffs for Australia. He was chief secretary in the First Reynolds Ministry from May 1860 to February 1861. After Reynolds ended his term as Premier in 1861, Waterhouse formed a government with the intention of finalising a motion in relation to Justice Benjamin Boothby, a judge in the Supreme Court of South Australia who was causing difficulties by objecting to the legitimacy of the Appeals Court under the new Constitution. Waterhouse resigned his ministry after this task was completed, but was persuaded to reform another government, which lasted until July 1863 before collapsing in the face of accusations of financial irregularities and alleged misappropriation of funds. In 1864 he retired from South Australian politics and spent some time in England.

New Zealand
Waterhouse migrated to New Zealand in 1869 and on 13 May 1870 was appointed to the New Zealand Legislative Council. He was in the Fox Ministry from 30 October to 20 November 1871, and in October 1872 became premier without portfolio. He resigned in March 1873 finding that as a member of the upper house it was impossible to keep control of his ministry. He remained a Legislative Council member until his resignation on 30 June 1890.

Retirement in England
Waterhouse fell into ill-health and retired to England in 1889, and died at Torquay, Devonshire on 6 August 1906.

Waterhouse had his career both in Australia and New Zealand, but it was much hampered by the poor state of his health. He has the distinction of having been the premier of two colonies. Despite this, Waterhouse never received a knighthood or a peerage for his services in governing two colonies.

Personal
He married Lydia Giles (1827 – 25 January 1910), a daughter of William Giles, on 5 July 1848. Fanny, one of their two adopted daughters, married William Fitzherbert in 1875.

title: George Waterhouse (politician)


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Daniel Pollen

Daniel Pollen (2 June 1813 –18 May 1896) was a New Zealand politician who became the ninth premier of New Zealand, serving from 6 July 1875 to 15 February 1876.

Early life
The son of Hugh Pollen, a dock master, Pollen was born in Ringsend, Dublin. Little is known about the early part of his life, but it is supposed that he grew up in Ireland and in the United States of America. However, his father was dock master of the Grand Canal Company at Ringsend in 1812, still held that office in 1832, and died in 1837 to be succeeded as dock master by Thomas Pollen. On some accounts, Pollen's father helped to build the United States Capitol.

A doctor, Pollen claimed to hold the MD degree, although where he graduated is not recorded. He travelled to New South Wales in the late 1830s, and moved to North Auckland in January 1840. He was a witness to the proceedings of the Treaty of Waitangi. He began his practice as a doctor in Parnell, Auckland, in 1841. In 1844 he was appointed as a coroner and held this post for four years.

On 18 May 1846, Pollen married Jane Henderson, the daughter of an officer of the Royal Navy (Lieutenant Essex, RN, of Demerara). He moved with her to Kawau Island in 1847, after becoming medical officer to a Scottish copper-mining company.

In 1852, Pollen opened the first brickworks in West Auckland, at Rosebank on the shores of the Whau River. Together with British potter James Wright, Pollen created the first commercial scale crockery kiln in New Zealand here.

Entry into politics
Pollen spent several years on Kawau, during which time he began to contribute articles to The New Zealander supporting the agitation for responsible government. He was also to the fore in supporting temperance, scientific, and library movements there.

Auckland Province
When the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 became law, Pollen was made chief clerk in the Auckland Superintendent's office. From there, he rose through the ranks. Two years after his original appointment, he was appointed to the Executive Council, and in 1858 he was appointed Commissioner of Crown Lands for Auckland. In 1856 he was elected to the Auckland Provincial Council for the Suburbs of Auckland electorate, where he served until 1861. From 1862 to 1865, he represented the Auckland East electorate on the council.

He was one of four candidates in the Suburbs of Auckland electorate in the 1855 general election. He came last in this election.

On 16 July 1861, he was appointed to the New Zealand Legislative Council. In 1862, he resigned as Commissioner of Crown Lands, and became the Deputy Superintendent of Auckland, where he served until the end of his second term. He resigned from the Legislative Council on 4 December 1867 to become agent for the Central Government at Auckland.

He returned to the Legislative Council on 10 June 1868 to represent the Stafford Ministry. He resigned from the Legislative Council in 1870 to be agent in Auckland again.

In 1870, Daniel Pollen held four positions – Receiver of Land Revenue, Commissioner of Confiscated Lands, Commissioner under the Native Land Act of 1870, and Immigration Officer.

In 1870, Pollen purchased land on Te Korowai-o-Te-Tonga Peninsula (South Kaipara Head), which over 130 years later was developed into the Te Rau Pūriri Regional Park.

Premier of New Zealand
The Vogel Ministry recalled him to the Legislative Council on 12 May 1873, where he became colonial secretary on 4 July 1873. He held this role until 13 October 1877 during various ministries. He became Premier on 6 July 1875 and led the Pollen Ministry until 15 February 1876. After he left this position, he was again appointed to the Legislative Council on 12 May 1873 and served for 23 years until his death on 18 May 1896.

title: Daniel Pollen


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Boogie Wonderland

"Boogie Wonderland" is a song by American band Earth, Wind & Fire with the Emotions, released in April 1979 on Columbia Records as the first single from their ninth album, I Am (1979). The song peaked at number 14 on the US Billboard dance chart, number six on the Hot 100, and number two on Billboard Hot Soul Singles. It was certified gold in the US and platinum in the UK. "Boogie Wonderland" was Grammy-nominated for Best R&B Instrumental Performance and Best Disco Recording; it won the Grammy for Best R&B Instrumental Performance.

Overview
The song was composed by Allee Willis with Jon Lind and produced by EWF leader Maurice White and Al McKay.

Critical reception
Rose Riggins of Gannett wrote "Boogie Wonderland is the hit. But it is more than just an average pop song. The song is an exploration of times spent at house parties and at discos, when you wanted to be disco queen or king and the spotlight just wouldn't focus on you. You wonder why and look into the mirror and it says, Uh, Uh, baby it don't work you dance to shake the hurt. Like so many of EWFs hits, Boogie Wonderland, is bolstered by the blazing horns that have become the groups trademark. Teamed up with the talented vocal group the Emotions, EWF has created a song that will join the ranks of such past hits as Mighty Mighty, Getaway, Fantasy and September." Dave Marsh of Rolling Stone said Maurice White "takes simple dance formulas like 'Boogie Wonderland' and finds fresh possibilities within them."

James Johnson of the Evening Standard called it a song "couched in a more down-to-earth, dance-floor dialogue." Matthew Greenwald of AllMusic stated: "one of the few records that paired two full-fledged groups successfully, the combination of EWF and the Emotions worked wonders here and it remains a classic of the period." Allen Weiner of Morning Call wrote: "Boogie Wonderland is the LP's most commercial tune, a tribute to both jazz/soul and disco fans that is pulsating and pleasing." Ace Adams of the New York Daily News also found that "The Emotions' Boogie Wonderland gets Earth, Wind & Fire off to a flying start on this album". Cash Box called it a "a standout pop dance track," saying that "sharp, slamming horn intro segues into bright backup singing by the Emotions, blending in perfectly with E, W & F leader Maurice White's vocal."

Accolades
(*) designates lists that are unordered.

Personnel

 * Maurice White – lead and background vocals, drums, kalimba
 * Philip Bailey – background vocals, congas, percussion
 * Verdine White – bass ( Yamaha BB2000)
 * Ralph Johnson – percussion
 * Al McKay & Marlo Henderson – guitar
 * Larry Dunn – Piano & Oberheim and Moog Synthesizers
 * Fred White – drums
 * Don Myrick – alto, tenor, and baritone Saxophones
 * The Emotions – backing vocals
 * Daniel Smith, Delores Bing, Jacqueline Lustgarten, Jan Kelley, John Walz, Kevan Torfeh, Larry Corbett, Miguel Martinez – cello
 * Barbara Korn, Sidney Muldrow, Richard Perissi, Marilyn Robinson – french horn
 * George Bohanon, Garnett Brown, Bill Reichenbach Jr., Louis Satterfield, Benjamin Powell, Maurice Spears – trombone
 * Johnny Graham – guitar
 * Fred Jackson, Jr., Herman Riley, Jerome Richardson – Additional Saxophones
 * Richard Lepore – Timpani
 * Oscar Brashear, Bobby Bryant, Michael Harris, Jerry Hey, Elmer Brown, Rahmlee Michael Davis, Steve Madaio – trumpets
 * James Ross, Laurie Woods, Linda Lipsett, Marilyn Baker, Rollice Dale, Virginia Majewski – viola
 * Anton Sen, Sherman Bryana, Carl LaMagna, Cynthia Kovaks, Gina Kronstadt, Haim Shtrum, Harris Goldman, Henry Ferber, Henry Roth, Ilkka Talvi, Jack Gootkin, Jerome Reisler, Jerome Webster, Joseph Goodman, Joseph Livoti, Judith Talvi, Leeana Sherman, Marcy Dicterow, Pamela Gates, Pavel Farkas, Ronald Clarck, Rosmen Torfeh, Sheldon Sanov, William Henderson – violin
 * Steve Poskitt – step in drummer for Boogie Wonderland recording

Sampling

 * "Boogie Wonderland" was the basis for the dance song "I'm Alive" by Stretch & Vern; the song reached number six in the UK in September 1996.

title: Boogie Wonderland


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Pennal

Pennal is a village and community on the A493 road in southern Gwynedd, Wales, on the north bank of the River Dyfi, near Machynlleth.

It lies in the historic county of Merionethshire (Sir Feirionnydd) and is within the Snowdonia National Park.

Roman fort
It was the site of a small Roman fort, known as Cefn Caer in Welsh, probably guarding a ford or ferry crossing of the Dyfi on the Sarn Helen Roman road. The remains of the fort lie under the 14th-century house of Cefn Caer, overlooking the village.

Price Family of Esgair Weddan
Just outside Pennal is the farmstead of 'Esgair Weddan' which from the 14th century until the mid 18th was the home of the Price (ap Rhys) family of Esgair Weddan, patrilineal descendants of Dafydd ap Llywelyn, son of Llywelyn fawr (the great) Prince of Wales (1240–1246). Their home was called Plas yn y Rofft in Elizabethan times and was located in a field behind the present farmhouse above the village of Cwrt, (originally Pont y Cwrt), meaning "court", near to Mynydd Esgairweddan.

Owain Glyndŵr
Pennal is known for its historical association with Owain Glyndŵr. In Pennal Owain composed the Pennal Letter of 1406, a letter to the King of France setting out his plans for an independent Wales – the only document which stands as a policy document for an independent Wales in the Middle Ages. The letter was briefly returned to Wales from France for an exhibition at the National Library of Wales in 2000, and a campaign has started for it to be returned permanently to Wales and be put on show at the National Assembly building in Cardiff.

Anwyl Family of Llugwy
Just outside Pennal, on the banks of the Dyfi opposite the hamlet of Morben, is "Llugwy", the home of the Anwyl family since 1682. This family have patrilinear descent from Rhodri Mawr through Anarawd, his eldest son, and Owain Gwynedd (king of Gwynedd c.1137 – 1170) to the present day.

Recent history
In the early 19th century there were quays on the Dyfi where slate from the quarries around Corris, Aberllefenni and Abergynolwyn was brought by packhorse for loading onto seagoing vessels. This trade died out when the Corris Railway to Machynlleth and the Talyllyn Railway to Tywyn were built. The Cwm Ebol quarry operated a mile north west of the village between 1868 and around 1906. A gauge tramway (later converted to  gauge) operated between the quarry and the village. Between 1918 and 1920 part of the tramway was reused in another gauge railway, serving timber felling operations at Cwm Dwr, two miles north of the village. The early internal combustion locomotive Baguley 774 was used on the line.

The village also has a place in music history, as it was at nearby Bron-Yr-Aur cottage that Robert Plant was living when he wrote the Led Zeppelin classic, "Stairway to Heaven".

title: Pennal


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List of cities and towns in Kosovo

This is a list of cities and towns in the Kosovo in alphabetical order categorised by municipality or district, according to the criteria used by the Kosovo Agency of Statistics (KAS). Kosovo's population is distributed in 1,467 settlements with 26 per cent of its population concentrated in 7 urban areas, also known as regional centers, consisting of Ferizaj, Gjakova, Gjilan, Mitrovica, Peja, Pristina and Prizren.

The cities and towns in Kosovo belong to the following size ranges in terms of the number of inhabitants:
 * 1 city larger than 150,000: Pristina
 * 2 cities from 50,000 to 100,000: Gjilan and Prizren
 * 9 cities from 15,000 to 50,000: Ferizaj, Fushë Kosovë, Gjakova, Mitrovica, Peja, Podujeva, Rahovec, and Vushtrri

title: List of cities and towns in Kosovo


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Nitta Yoshiaki

Nitta Yoshiaki (新田義顕) (died 1337), son of Nitta Yoshisada, fought for Emperor Go-Daigo, against the Ashikaga at the end of the Kamakura period. He was one of the chief generals at the fortress of Kanagasaki, which fell to the Ashikaga; Yoshiaki was killed, and Prince Tsunenaga captured.

title: Nitta Yoshiaki


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File:Buzzcocks - Another Music In A Different Kitchen album cover.jpg

Summary
Buzzcocks - Another Music In A Different Kitchen. Original UK LP album cover

Licensing
Original UK release album cover - album covers are fair use. Picture scanned by me Ian Dunster from original UK LP album.


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Gee's golden langur

Gee's golden langur (Trachypithecus geei), also known as simply the golden langur, is an Old World monkey found in a small region of Western Assam, India and the neighboring foothills of the Black Mountains of Bhutan. Long considered sacred by many Himalayan people, the golden langur was first brought to the attention of the Western world by the naturalist Edward Pritchard Gee in the 1950s. Adult males have a cream to golden coat with darker flanks while the females and juveniles are lighter. The golden langur has a black face and a long tail up to 50 cm in length. It lives in high trees and has a herbivorous diet of fruits, leaves, seeds, buds, and flowers. The average group size is eight individuals, with a ratio of several females to each adult male. It is one of the most endangered primate species of India and Bhutan.

In 2008-09, there were 6,000 golden langurs in India, which has grown to 7,396 in 2020-21.

Discovery and etymology
The earliest record of the golden langur is in an 1838 paper by Robert Boileau Pemberton which states that "Griffith observed these monkeys near Tongso in Central Bhutan." However, since Pemberton's work was lost and not rediscovered until the 1970s, the scientific discovery of the golden langur unfolded differently. In 1907, Edward Oswald Shebbeare—who was out with some hunters and forest rangers—reported seeing a "cream coloured langur" in the vicinity of the Jamduar. However, neither a photograph nor a live or dead specimen was presented at that time. The first reference to the golden langur in print, as an animal of unidentified taxonomic status, was in a 1919 publication that stated: "Pithecus sp? – A pale yellow coloured langur is common in the adjoining district of Goalpara (Assam). Jerdon reported one from Terai, the adjacent district on the (west) side, which Blanford suggested might be P. entellus."

In February 1947, in the Forest Rest House visitors' book in Raimona, a few miles south of Jamduar, C. G. Baron reported seeing some langurs whose "whole body and tail is one colour – a light silvery-gold, somewhat like the hair of a blonde." A year later, back in Jamduar, H. E. Tyndale, a tea planter, reported seeing "Sankosh cream langurs." However, it wasn't until a few years later that a focused effort to identify the golden langur was mounted by Gee, who traveled back to Jamduar in November 1953. His team was able to observe three groups of golden langurs, all on the east bank of the Sankosh River. The first group was observed on the Bhutan side of the border; the second group, a large one of 30 to 40 individuals, a mile north of Jamduar on the Indian side; and a third group four to five miles (6.44 km to 8.05 km) south near Raimona. Colour movies of the second group were made by Gee.

In August 1954, Gee reported his findings to an expert at the Zoological Society of London, who advised that the golden langur might be a new species. In January 1955, Gee also reported his results to the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) and, after showing his movies of the golden langurs, suggested that Jamduar be included in the then-upcoming ZSI survey of that region. The suggestion received the support of Dr. Sunder Lal Hora, then Director of ZSI, and later that year six specimens of the golden langur were collected by the survey party. The following year, Dr. H. Khajuria, a taxonomist who studied the specimens, described the new species naming it Presbystis geei in honour of Gee.

Taxonomy
There are two subspecies of this species:
 * Trachypithecus geei geei Khajuria, 1956
 * Trachypithecus geei bhutanensis Wangchuk, 2003

The subspecies are separated by a geological fault in the Himalayas called the Main Frontal Thrust. T. g. bhutanensis occurs in the northern part of the species range in Bhutan and T. g. geei is found in the south of Bhutan and Assam in northern India.

In Bhutan, it has hybridised with T. pileatus, the capped langur. This is believed to be due to the construction of permanent bridges across the Chamkar River, a tributary of the Mangde River which separates the two species.

Physical description
The coat of the adult golden langur ranges from cream to golden, on its flanks and chest the hairs are darker and often rust coloured while the coats of the juveniles and females are lighter, silvery white to light buff. The coat changes color seasonally, from white or cream coloured in the summer to dark golden or chestnut in the winter. Their long whiskers protect their eyes from rain during monsoon. The golden langur has a black face and a large whorl of hair on its crown.

Gee's golden langur exhibits sexual dimorphism. Males are larger and more robust than females. Adult males weigh 10.8 kg on average and adult females weigh 9.5 kg. The length of the head and body ranges from 50-75 cm, while the relatively long tail is 70-100 cm in length.

Distribution
Gee's golden langur is found in an area of approximately 30000 km2, much of which is unsuitable habitat, bounded on the south by the Brahmaputra River, on the east by the Manas River, on the west by the Sankosh River, in Assam, India, and on the north by the Black Mountains of Bhutan. These biogeographical barriers are believed to have led to the radiation of species from the closely related capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus). There are two primary sub-populations fragmented by the National Highway 27. The northern sub-population occupies the western portion of the Manas National Park, extending from the Sankosh River to the Manas River along the northern side of National Highway 27 and State Highway 2, reaching the India-Bhutan border. Conversely, the southern sub-population is situated along the southern side of NH27, extending to the Brahmaputra River. Population estimates of the 2020-21 survey, indicate a larger northern population, totaling 5,566 individuals distributed across 534 groups and 23 lone males. In contrast, the southern fragmented population consists of approximately 1,830 langurs organized into 173 groups and eight lone males. Notably, the Ripu Reserve Forest hosts the highest number (2,847 individuals) within the northern sub-population, while the Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary in Kokrajhar district harbors the most significant number (838 individuals) within the southern fragmented range.

In 1988, two captive groups of Gee's golden langur were released into the wild in Tripura state in north-eastern India, an area outside of their natural range. One of the groups, released into Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary, survives and has adapted to the wild.

Behavior and ecology
For the most part, the langur is confined to high trees where its long tail serves as a balancer when it leaps across branches. During the rainy season it obtains water from dew and rain-drenched leaves. Its diet is herbivorous, consisting of ripe and unripe fruits, mature and young leaves, seeds, buds and flowers. It generally lives in troops of about 8, with a ratio of several females to each adult male. The smallest golden langur troop was composed of four individuals, while the largest had 22, giving an average value of 8.2 individuals per troop. The adult gender ratio was 2.3 females to every male, although the majority of groups had only one adult male.

Conservation
Gee's golden langur is currently endangered with a decreasing population trend; the total population of mature adults has been estimated as 6000–6500. It is one of the most endangered primate species of India and Bhutan. In India, 93% of the population is found in forest reserves (Chirang, Manas, and Ripu) and the western part of Manas National Park, and the remaining occur in several small isolated fragments. The population has declined by more than 30% in the last 30 years and is expected to decline further shortly. Golden langurs are protected by law in their range. The species is listed in Appendix I of CITES, and in Schedule I of both, the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 of India, and the Forest and Nature Conservation Act of Bhutan, 1995.

Within India
On 5 June 2019, the district authorities of Bongaigaon district in Assam launched a project under the MGNREGA to plant guava, mango, blackberry and other fruit trees to ensure that the resident golden langurs of the Kakoijana reserved forest do not have to risk their lives to find food. Several golden langurs have died due to electrocution and in road accidents while looking for food beyond the reserve forests. In 1988, two captive groups of golden langurs were released into two protected areas of the western region of the state of Tripura, India. As of 2000, one of these groups, consisting of six (and possibly eight) individuals in the Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary, had survived. The relative death of infants and juveniles indicates a declining population with the habitat being degraded by human activity. A fragmented but protected population in a rubber plantation in the Nayakgaon, Kokrajhar, district of Assam increased in population from 38 individuals in 1997 to 52 in 2002. The population has also adapted to feeding on dry rubber seeds.

title: Gee's golden langur


text: User talk:80.44.186.29

title: User talk:80.44.186.29


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Newnham on Severn

Newnham or Newnham on Severn is a village in west Gloucestershire, England. It lies in the Royal Forest of Dean, on the west bank of the River Severn, approximately 10 miles south-west of Gloucester and three miles southeast of Cinderford. It is on the A48 road between Gloucester and Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Wales. The village has a parish council.

A parish church was established in the 14th century (although there had been a chapel of ease since 1018), and in 1366 a new church building was built on the high ground of the village as the old one faced erosion from the river. The new building has itself been damaged by a gunpowder explosion in 1644 during the English Civil War and a fire in 1881, but is still in use.

The Ancient Romans built three roads through the location, where they forded the River Severn. The Anglo-Saxons established a permanent settlement, the Normans built a motte-and-bailey fortification for defence, and in medieval times it became a major port with links around Great Britain and Ireland. In 1171, Henry II of England staged an invasion of Ireland from Newnham. One account claimed that he set sail with 400 ships and 5,000 men, which suggests its importance as a port. For a time Newnham was the most successful Gloucestershire town west of the Severn. Its role as a port and trading hub declined, however, rapidly with the 1827 opening of the Gloucester and Sharpness Canal.

In 1810, an early attempt at a Severn tunnel began construction just south of Newnham. Work was abandoned after flooding in 1812.

Matron Eva Luckes of The London Hospital lived in Newnham.

The scenic Gloucester to Newport railway line goes through a tunnel here. Newnham railway station opened in 1851 and closed in 1964.

Governance
The civil parish is part of Newnham and Westbury electoral ward. This ward starts in the north at Westbury-on-Severn and then follows the River Severn to Newnham. The total population of the ward taken at the 2011 census was 3,088.

title: Newnham on Severn


text:
Eiríksmál

Eiríksmál is a skaldic poem composed c. 954 at the behest of the Norwegian queen Gunnhild in honour of her slain consort Erik Bloodaxe. Only the beginning of the poem is extant.

According to Roger of Wendover, Eric, a Viking ruler was betrayed and killed on Stainmore in 954 AD, while on the run and after being expelled from York. Eric had previously been King of Northumbria (c. 947–948 and 952–954) during his more successful days.

Structure
Although classified as a Skaldic poem since it deals with a historical figure, it is actually anonymous and in the simple fornyrðislag meter, rather than ornate dróttkvætt. It thus has much in common with the poems of the Poetic Edda. The later poem Hákonarmál appears to be modelled on Eiríksmál.

The poem is cast as a dialogue between Eric, the gods Odin and Bragi, and the legendary hero Sigmund.

Translation from Old Norse
Based on Finnur Jónsson’s Norse edition, English translation by Wikipedia editors.

Online

 * Finnur Jónsson's edition of Eiríksmál as part of Carmina Scaldica, Udvalg af norske og islandske skjaldekvad ved Finnur Jónsson, G.E.C. Gads Forlag - København 1929, online at heimskringla.no

Books

title: Eiríksmál


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Computer widow

A computer widow (or widower) is someone who has a relationship with a computer user who plays video games (on a console or on a computer), uses the Internet, or creates his/her own programs, paying far more attention to the computer or game than to his/her partner. It is similar in concept and may in some cases have replaced the football widow, which in the UK is often replaced by the "golf widow". The term was in use as early as 1983, with use of bulletin board systems and programming a concern.

The possible problems created in family life were being studied by psychologists, with couples coming to them for help. It was commented upon by Phillip Zimbardo as a possible problem which may develop as a result of children growing up around computers, who then may fail to have social skills in later life. He said that there was a risk that it would lead to greater separation between the sexes, because at the time, perhaps more so than today, computers were used by men more than women. However, some people find the Internet a way to meet a partner, such as via online dating sites.

Most gamer widows (partners of those addicted to games) may now be attached to players of massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs). Because many of these games revolve around building or "leveling up" a player character, many hours are dedicated to this process while playing the game. Examples of MMORPGs include EverQuest, RuneScape, World of Warcraft, Guild Wars, Ultima Online, Final Fantasy XI, City of Heroes, and Ragnarok Online. Other games such as Counter-Strike, the games of the Call of Duty series that have online multiplayer options, StarCraft and Civilization III or IV, often known for their addictive qualities, also result in their fair share of gamer widows.

Some support groups for computer widows exist in real life. Internet support groups exist for addicted players of the popular MMORPGs, EverQuest and World of Warcraft, with some gamers speaking in the media of their need for such a group. There are also Internet support groups for World of Warcraft widows. A website was launched in mid-2005, dedicated to the support of gamer widow(er)s of a variety of different games, including World of Warcraft and EverQuest. It was the first site of its kind that provided support forums for gamer widow(er)s and has gained international recognition after the founder, Sherry Myrow, was interviewed by MSNBC FoxBusiness and by Maclean's. Merchandise can even be purchased on the Internet with slogans admitting that a person is a widow to some of these computer activities.

title: Computer widow


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Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest

Bernheim Forest and Arboretum, formerly Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest, is a 16,137 acre arboretum, forest, and nature preserve located in Clermont, Kentucky (25 miles south of Louisville, Kentucky, United States).

Bernheim was founded in 1929 by Isaac Wolfe Bernheim, a German immigrant and successful brewer whose whiskey distillery business established the I.W. Harper brand. He purchased the land in 1928 at $1 an acre because most of it had been stripped for mining iron ore. The Frederick Law Olmsted landscape architecture firm started work on designing the park in 1931 and it opened in 1950. Bernheim Forest was given to the people of Kentucky in trust and is the largest privately owned natural area in the state. Bernheim, his wife, daughter, and son-in-law are buried in the forest.

In 1988, at least one outside consulting firm was engaged and work on a new long-range plan for the forest was begun. One of the directives of the new strategic plan was to make the arboretum a primary focus. In addition, the forest decided to strengthen its research ties with institutions such as the University of Louisville. As a result, Bernheim Forest was renamed Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest. However, most local visitors still refer to the property as "Bernheim Forest," and some of the signage located along surrounding roads still refer to the old name. In recent years, Bernheim has developed a strong volunteer program, added frequent public workshops and classes, and successfully hosts several large public events each year. These include the annual ColorFest in October, Bloomfest in May, CONNECT, an evening in August where art, science and nature converge in unexpected and funky ways, and a 5 mi run/walk, held in October.

Features and offerings
Generally speaking, the property is divided into two areas—the arboretum and the natural area. The arboretum features formal and informal plant collections and various modern facilities, including handicapped accessible restrooms. Other arboretum features include numerous walking paths; a visitors' center, cafe, and gift shop; education center; a newly renovated children's play area and an inter-generational shelter, The Grisby Shelter, and four lakes. The natural area contains most of Bernheim's hiking trails, and is primarily a beech-maple forest with access via paved roads. There are over 35 mi of hiking trails and scenic fire-roads, including the 13.3 mi Millennium Trail and the 3.2 mi paved Hike-Bike Pike. One short trail, the aptly named Fire Tower Loop, leads to a metal observation tower that is often open to climb via stairs. There is also a canopy walk which extends off a cliff and places the viewer above the trees and sharing a wonderful vista. Hiking trails range in difficulty from "casual" short walks to strenuous jaunts designed for "the more serious hiker," per Bernheim's website. The Millennium Trail is by far the longest and most challenging; as a result Bernheim asks that hikers set out before certain times in the morning (the deadline varies by season), as well as register at the visitor's center prior to starting the hike. In 2005, a hiker died of a heat stroke while attempting to complete the Millennium Trail.

Bernheim is open daily from 7 a.m. until sunset, the exceptions being Christmas day (December 25) and New Year's Day (January 1). The visitor's center, gift shop, and art gallery are open 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily. Activities one can engage in at Bernheim include walking, running, hiking, picnicking, birdwatching, bicycling, plant identification, photography, fishing, and special events. Although overnight camping was once allowed in a designated campground, it is no longer permitted. Bernheim is dog friendly (dogs must remain on a leash at all times, and are prohibited in certain areas).

The education center offers programs for school and other groups (advanced reservations are required). In 2005, a new visitor's center was opened and is considered to be a revolutionary eco-friendly design. Designed by the architecture firm William McDonough + Partners, the center is constructed of recycled materials and has live plantings on the roof. The parking lot for the center was specifically located so that mushrooms could absorb contaminants that cars emit so they would not affect the water streams nearby. Glass and garden spaces are integrated into the design scheme. The building was awarded the Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Platinum rating.

Bernheim offers memberships that include free year-round admission; discounts on educational programs, annual events, and at the Welcome Center; free entrance into many other national gardens through the Reciprocal Admission Program by American Horticultural Society; and subscription to a quarterly newsletter. Entrance is free for everyone. For non-members, a donation is requested and they recommend $15. There is a $75 Environmental Impact Fee for buses.

In 2019, Bernheim added three "forest giants" created by the Danish artist Thomas Dambo, which have attracted many new visitors to the Arboretum. These "forest giants" were created out of only recycled wood as to reduce the environmental impact.

Isaac W. Bernheim's vision

Before his death, Bernheim laid out his goals for the forest in a letter to the trustees and directors of the I. W. Bernheim Foundation. That letter, dated August 30, 1939, set the following goals:
 * No discussion of religion or politics, no trading or trafficking...
 * No distinction will be shown between rich or poor, white or colored.
 * My vision embraces an edifice, beautiful in design, which will rise at some carefully selected spot within the area. It may be made of marble or of native stone... Within it there will be an art gallery... Therein there will be busts in bronze of men and women whose names have risen to places of distinctive honor in Kentucky — a lasting and ever-present inspiration to the youths who gaze upon their faces.
 * A museum of natural history containing specimens of every animal that is classified in the wild life of this hemisphere will be provided for.
 * ... a tall steel pole rearing its top far from the ground, and from it will float the American Flag, to be the center at intervals of patriotic gatherings, especially of children, who will be retold the story of liberty.
 * To all I send the invitation to come... to re-create their lives in the enjoyment of nature... in the park which I have dedicated to the use of the people, and which I hope will be kept for ever free.

Bernheim was a true visionary, and he himself wrote that "nothing is static in this world". He understood the changing nature of the world, and the need for changing thought in the context of time. A wildlife museum such as was described by Bernheim did at once exist, but has been re-arranged in recent years to serve as an administrative/education center, and static wildlife exhibits have mostly been removed (in the forest's defense, many of the taxidermied exhibits were deteriorating). A large area of the Great Meadow contains native long grass and a very successful quail program has been established to repopulate the region with quail.

Bernheim had a vision that art can heighten and expand experiences in nature. There are fifteen sculptures located throughout the arboretum, an active Artist in Residence Program and a program called Sited@Bernheim, which supports site-specific installations and sculpture. The Artist in Residence program typically offers housing and a stipend to artists who work in ways that are in keeping with the aspects of Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest's mission of "connecting people with nature". Artists interact with the public in workshops, demonstrations or other activities as well as sharing finished pieces found throughout the arboretum. Past artists have worked in photography, painting, sculpture, video, performance, and the written word. Temporary and permanent sculptures are located throughout the arboretum.

Bernheim wrote in his 1939 letter that "the grave has no voice". But, he went on to say "may I not express the hope and fervent prayer that my wishes outlined in its different sections be respected as much as humanly possible". In his 1929 autobiography, "The Closing Chapters of a Busy Life," Bernheim also wrote that "I am comforted in the firm belief that the good a man does lives after him."

Arboretum
The property includes a 240 acre arboretum containing over 1,900 labeled species and cultivars of trees, shrubs, and other plants. The arboretum includes over 185 cultivars of American holly species. Other major collections include maples, crab apples, conifers (including dwarf conifers), oaks, buckeyes, ginkgoes, ornamental pears, and dogwoods. Specific attractions within the arboretum include the sun and shade trail, quiet garden, and garden pavilion. The original design for the arboretum was adopted in 1935, and has continued to be refined and improved over the years. In 1994, legislation was passed designating Bernheim as Kentucky's official arboretum. As is the case in most arboreta, the collection of leaves or clippings is not permitted.

The arboretum's holly collection is among the best in North America. It is officially named the Buddy Hubbuch Holly Collection, after Clarence E. "Buddy" Hubbuch Jr. (deceased as of 2000), Bernheim's first horticulture director who oversaw the planting of the collection over his 33-year tenure (1962 to 1995). It contains more than 700 specimens representing more than 350 individual species and cultivars from all across the northern hemisphere. These include 176 American Holly (Ilex opaca) cultivars, 44 selections of Japanese Holly (I. crenata), more than 50 cultivars of deciduous hollies (I. decidua, I. verticillata, I. serrata, and hybrids), and 19 cultivars of Inkberry (I. glabra) along with many unique hybrids.

Landscape, architecture and outdoor sculpture at Bernheim
The design of the landscape and buildings at Bernheim, as well as the sculpture and art found throughout the arboretum, enhance our relationship with the natural environment and inspires the exploration of our deep connection with nature.

Landscape design of the arboretum
The world-renowned firm of Fredrick Law Olmstead was selected and commissioned in 1931 to design the arboretum. In accordance with the firm's recommendations; roadways, paths and natural areas were created, trees were planted, and farmland was restored to meadows, lawns and forest. Lakes, rivers and ponds were developed to provide "an enlivening effect". In 1950 Bernheim Forest was opened to the public. Continuous efforts are made to enhance the arboretum, the gardens and the natural areas by Bernheim's professional horticulture and natural areas departments.

In the mid-1960s, the gardens surrounding the Garden Pavilion and adjacent Quiet Garden were developed by landscape architecture firm Miller, Wihry and Brooks of Louisville. The gardens surrounding the Garden Pavilion were inspired by the cross-section of a clematis stem. The gardens were recently updated to reflect current Bernheim Select perennials as well as old garden favorites and include examples of cutting, shade and butterfly gardens.

Education Center
Originally built as the Nature Center and completed in 1962, this multi-functional building is sited on the old Jones Farm property. Silos from the original farm still stand near by. Today it houses administrative offices and remains a well-used venue for educational and cultural displays, events and includes a wild life viewing room. It is open year-round. The adjunct gardens include shade and sun gardens and the Kingfisher Pond.

Garden Pavilion
Designed by the Louisville firm of Nevin & Morgan in 1961, the Garden Pavilion is a six-sided redwood structure located on Lake Nevin and reflects a mid-century modern style. It is surrounded by a vine-covered pergola, which cools the building in the summer. The building is the center of the clematis stem shaped configuration. The Garden Pavilion is available year-round for weddings, meetings and gatherings.

Research building
The Research Center opened in 2004, providing office space and research facilities for horticulture and forest management and meeting space for scientific research. Global Change, bird migration, insects, amphibians, small mammals, and grassland grazing as well as stream restoration are currently being studied. The cultivation of selected perennial and tree species take place in greenhouses within the complex.

Visitors center
The environmentally friendly and sustainably designed, innovative and award-winning Visitor Center opened to the public in 2005. Designed by William McDonough + Partners of Charlottesville, Virginia and Barnett and Bagley Architects of Lexington, it was conceived as a "building like a tree" with pergolas, arbors and living roof, along with other design feature that reflect the ecology of Kentucky, created to connect to its sense of place. It has received numerous awards including the Platinum level of the LEED certification program.

The Intergenerational Grisby Shelter
Located in the Children's Play Garden, five structures support large, living green roof boxes while providing seating, shelter and shade. Their contemporary design incorporates columns made from recycled trees found within the forest.

Bernheim Lookout
Bernheim Fire Lookout was constructed in 1929 by the Kentucky Division of Forestry. It is a 48' tall Aemotor tower with a 7'x7' metal cab. The lookout was regularly staffed until 1980. In 1986 it was used to monitor a wild fire. It was designated as a historical lookout on April 22, 1998, by the National Historical Lookout Register. Restoration and management is now handled by the Bernheim Foundation with help from the local community and the University of Kentucky.

Art in Nature
The Art in Nature program provides a vital platform for artistic experimentation and curious exploration that becomes a part of the entire ecosystem of Bernheim and inspires our deep connections with nature, often providing a visitor with a sense of discovery. Its programs include the Artist in Residence Program, Sited @ Bernheim, Local Use by Local Artists and CONNECT. In addition, the following sculptures have been donated to Bernheim throughout its history:
 * 1) Snake Hollow by Patrick Dougherty, 2012 – Patrick Dougherty's environmentally friendly sculpture alludes to the myths of snakes and labyrinths. This primitive building material and method is utilized as the artist created this engaging sculptural installation. The artist, with the aid of over 50 volunteers, created this piece over a three-week period in April 2012. Constructed solely out of willow saplings, the weaving of branches creates an effortless effect as if the form has grown naturally within its setting. It will last two years before being chipped up and returned to the earth. This is the first Sited @ Bernheim project. These projects will occur every two years.
 * 2) Earth Measure by Matt Weir, 2013 – Weir created the sculpture in honor of Barry Bingham Jr.'s life and service. Bingham, the former publisher of the Louisville Courier-Journal and Louisville Times who guided the publications to win three Pulitzer Prizes, was also an avid environmentalist, photographer, and supporter of Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest. He served on the Bernheim Board of Trustees from 1970 to 2006 and chaired the capital campaign for the Platinum LEED Visitor Center and related projects. Constructed entirely out of more than a ton of solid stacked limestone blocks, Earth Measure will beckon the visitor to explore notions of science, geometry, sound, and architecture while deepening one's connection with nature. When Weir was commissioned three years ago to create a sculpture, he looked beyond designing a traditional sculptural tribute. By researching Bingham and conducting interviews, Weir dug deep into the principles that were important to both Barry Bingham Jr. and to Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest. Bingham appreciated nature, the environment and was passionate about its preservation. He believed that there was nothing more important than public service. He had a strong commitment to supporting the education, research and protecting the land that constitutes Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest. He also believed that photography and art were important means of capturing and appreciating nature as we know it. Earth Measure is an educational, interactive and multi-dimensional earthwork that must be experienced to be appreciated. It poses questions on the fundamental forms of the circle, square and triangle. It invites discovery by all ages both physically and intellectually. It places the visitor in a meadow and beckons them to tune into acoustic ecology and soundscape science. In other words, the sculpture both frames the environment through its "lens" and captures the sounds of seasonal wildlife through audio waves directed to the center of the listening dome or parabolic sphere. It is simultaneously simple and complex, scientific and artistic, monumental and graceful. Earth Measure also fulfills Isaac Wolfe Bernheim's deepest intention for the gift he gave the people of Kentucky, when he established the arboretum and research forest. It creates an inspirational and uniquely contemplative space, or stage, as it were, for people to connect deeply with nature.
 * 3) Hello by Russell Vogt, 2009 – Russ Vogt, a former resident of Louisville, is both painter and sculptor. His work can be characterized as demonstrating a passion for both material and process. Vogt's ceramic sculpture utilizes a rich palette of ceramic glazes that range from deep blues and greens to hot orange and reds. The forms are often whimsical and made of handmade mosaic tile shards that cover an underlying armature. It was given as an anonymous donation.
 * 4) Untitled by Jerry Bleem, 2002 – Jerry Bleem, a Chicago sculptor, was an Artist in Residence in 2002. His work transforms everyday discarded materials and reinvents them. This piece is a locally cast bronze of a form created by using thousands of staples to create this anthropomorphic shape.
 * 5) Untitled by Heike Endemann, 2011 – Heike Endemann has three pieces at Bernheim. As one of the 2011 Artists in Residence, she utilized fallen logs, in a variety of species, and a chain saw to create these abstract sculptures. They are located in the Holly Pond, outside the Education Center and in the Education Center.
 * 6) Cluster III, Ernest Shaw, 1976 – Ernest Shaw, New York painter and sculptor created this 3-piece sculpture in Cor-Ten steel. Nestled in the Holly Collection, this large, abstract sculpture forms three points of a triangle. Over the last four decades, Shaw produced a prolific body, exploring a variety of different mediums and techniques and challenging the fundamental concepts of balance, composition, gravity, compression and expansion. It was given as an anonymous donation.
 * 7) Let There be Light, by George Grey Barnard – This elegant bronze statue of a woman with uplifted arms by world-renowned sculptor, George Grey Barnard, is mounted on a granite base at the gravesite of Mr. and Mrs. Isaac W. Bernheim. She stands above a stone semi-circle and is flanked by granite pylons representing the Jewish and Christian religions. A bronze plaque is mounted at ground level at the base of the stairs that lead up to the statue – it reads: "May light, the symbol of life and truth, illumine the paths of good citizenship and reason, and tolerance and fairness guide our relationship with our fellow men."  One of America's most gifted and interesting sculptors, George Grey Barnard (1863–1938) studied in the US and abroad. He received numerous public commissions including the Pennsylvania State Capitol, a colossal project containing 32 figures.
 * 8) An 11-foot tall statue of Lincoln, created in 1917 at the commission of Charles P. Taft, stands in Lytle Park in downtown Cincinnati.  A second casting of the Lincoln statue stands in Manchester, England (1919). A third copy (1922) stands in Louisville, on the lawn of the Free Public Library. The statue, funded by Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Bernheim was dedicated October 26, 1922.
 * 9) Untitled by Paul Fields – This abstracted, organic form, carved in limestone was originally started in Louisville and finished on site by Bernheim's first Artist in Residence in 1980. A renowned Kentucky sculptor, Paul was recognized internationally for his stone and wood abstract sculptures. The artist was responsible for starting a number of sculptors in stone – Don Lawler, Matt Weir, Mike Ratterman and Larry Beisler are among them.
 * 10) Untitled by Paul Fields – This abstracted "blossom" form sculpture by Paul Fields was dedicated on November 16, 2003, in honor of the artist's mother, and donated to Bernheim by the Fields family. It sits on the Lake Nevin Loop Trail just off the main drive into Bernheim.
 * 11) Emerging by Meg White, 1988 – The artist is a self-taught sculptor who discovered the three-dimensional process through paper sculpture. In 1991, Meg discovered stone carving at Don Lawler's studio and began to create wildlife and figurative works on a full-time basis. Meg now produces limited edition bronzes as well as small and monumental-scale works in stone. Varley E. Wiedeman donated the sculpture in memory of ornithologist, fellow faculty member at U of L, and former Bernheim board member, Dr. Burt Monroe.
 * 12) Hymn to Justice – Located on Tablet Hill near the main entrance to Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest is a stanza from one of Pierson Merrill's songs, Not Alone for Mighty Empire. It is a call to his nation (applicable to any nation) to set righteous priorities. William Pierson Merrill was an American Presbyterian clergyman, who served in Philadelphia, Chicago and New York. Considered an outstanding preacher, he was also an author and a hymn writer. It commemorates Mr. Bernheim's love and respect for all humanity. It reads: "God of justice, save the people from the clash of race and creed, from the strife of class and friction. Make our nation free indeed. Keep our faith in simple manhood strong as when her life began till it finds its full fruition in the brotherhood of man." – William Pierson Merrill
 * 13) Untitled, by Tom Butch, 1988 – Located beside Lake Nevin near the Quiet Garden, this abstract red steel sculpture was commissioned by Al and Vicki Mattox as a memorial to their son. Its design includes universal joints that originally allowed it to be multi-positional, participatory and playful in nature. It now stands in a sedentary position and suggested forms are found by walking around it.
 * 14) Our Precious Forest by Karl Ciesluk, 1988
 * 15) Stricken by Karl Ciesluk, 1988
 * 16) Ying Yang by Karl Ciesluk, 1988

1998 Artist-in-Residence Karl Ciesluk created numerous works of art throughout Bernheim. The pieces are scattered throughout the forest and arboretum to become delights of discovery as it is explored. Each piece is composed of tiny-mirrored squares, creating a glittering effect and reflection of its surrounding.

Conservation and ecology
With a $500,000 grant for stream restoration from the U.S. EPA, the University of Louisville Stream Institute bulldozed the 4000 ft riparian corridor of Wilson Creek in order to return a meandering course to the channel which had been straightened in the past to allow for farming. Native trees and wildflowers were planted, and fish populations increased. In 2011 beavers returned and their dams have removed sediment, adding clarity to the streamwater. Also their ponds have attracted birds, amphibians, reptiles, raccoon, and river otters.

title: Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest


text:
Another Music in a Different Kitchen

Another Music in a Different Kitchen is the first studio album by the English punk rock band Buzzcocks. It was released in March 1978 by the United Artists record label. This was the third line-up of Buzzcocks, with the guitarist Pete Shelley singing following the departure of the original vocalist Howard Devoto and then the firing of the bass guitarist Garth Smith (who had appeared on the "Orgasm Addict"/"Whatever Happened To...?" single). The album includes the single "I Don't Mind", which reached number 55 in the UK Singles Chart in May 1978.

Album title
The album's title was inspired by a collage by Linder Sterling. According to Shelley, "Howard said, 'another housewife stews in her own juice in a different kitchen'. We shuffled it around a bit and it came out like that."

Album cover
The sleeve design is by Malcolm Garrett. The original UK vinyl release was issued with a black cardboard inner sleeve, using a colour photo by Jill Furmanovsky on the front cover where Linder's image was intended to appear. Subsequent pressings substituted a black and white photo. The initial few thousand copies were shipped in a matching silver plastic shopping bag boldly with the word 'PRODUCT' on one side and the catalogue number "UAG 30159 " on the other. Displaying the catalogue number prominently in this way was a common feature of Buzzcocks' artwork which was later picked up and taken to logical extremes by Factory Records where everything they produced was catalogued.

Composition
The first pressing inadvertently gave a songwriting credit for "Fast Cars" to Shelley/Devoto due to it incorporating the riff from the song "Boredom" off the Spiral Scratch EP, though according to Steve Diggle he wrote ninety percent of the song, which was a personal song based on a car crash in which he was involved.

The album was originally conceived with the track "I Need" on side one, but after a test pressing was made, the group felt the song should appear on the second side. A mix-up occurred at the pressing plant and, as a consequence, some early copies of the album contained no "I Need" at all.

Release
An undated songbook was published with sheet music from the album, band photos, brief biographical material and a discography which includes the band's second release, Love Bites. As such, it would have been released after 22 September 1978, the release date of Love Bites. In keeping with other releases, the line "Agreed Images", which is a credit for the designer Malcolm Garrett / Assorted iMaGes, appears on the back cover below the stocking number.

A blue vinyl version was re-released around 1986. The corresponding CD was released in March 1994 on the same record label, adding a second disc with "Orgasm Addict" and "What Do I Get?". EMI released a special edition (in 2008 in Europe, 2010 USA) with two CDs. Rhino Records re-released Another Music in a Different Kitchen in a limited edition of 6,200 copies on 180-gram translucent orange vinyl in 2015 for Black Friday Record Store Day.

Legacy
The album's second track, "No Reply", was covered by SS Decontrol on their 1983 EP Get It Away. The influential Seattle band The Fastbacks recorded "Whatever Happened To...?" on their 1991 single "My Letters", released by Sub Pop. The track "Autonomy" was covered by the pop punk band The Offspring on the single "Want You Bad".

The Sub Pop act Love Battery were named after the song of that name on this album.

Another Music in a Different Kitchen was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. In a retrospective review for BBC Music, the critic David Quantick named it as his favourite album of all time and wrote, "Everything about it – from its silver, orange-lettered sleeve to Martin Rushent's aluminium-sheen production – is right."

Personnel

 * Buzzcocks
 * Pete Shelley – lead guitar, lead vocals
 * Steve Diggle – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
 * Steve Garvey – bass guitar
 * John Maher – drums, percussion
 * Garth Smith (bass guitar) on Peel Session September 1977, most of the demo recordings and live at the Electric Circus 2 October 1977

 * Technical
 * Martin Rushent – producer
 * Doug Bennet – engineer
 * Malcolm Garrett – sleeve design

title: Another Music in a Different Kitchen


text:
Sankt Goar line

In German linguistics, the Sankt Goar line, das–dat line, or was–wat line is an isogloss separating the dialects to the north, which have a t in the words dat (English that) and wat (English what), from the dialects to the south (including standard German), which have an s: das, was. The line runs from North-East to South-West and crosses the river Rhine at the town of Sankt Goar.

title: Sankt Goar line


text:
User:Physchim62/to do

 * the merge/update/peer_review needed on the toxicity sections at Potassium cyanide and Cyanide
 * storage problems and carcinogenicity at Chloroform
 * toxicology at Formaldehyde
 * thermodynamics/properties articles
 * style guidelines
 * pictures at Commons
 * Ammonium dichromate
 * Transition metal

title: User:Physchim62/to do


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Couch potato (disambiguation)

A couch potato is a person who leads a sedentary lifestyle. The phrase was popularized by Robert Armstrong (cartoonist).

Couch potato may also refer to:
 * "Couch Potato" (song), a song by Weird Al Yankovic
 * Couch Potato (TV series), an Australian children's television series
 * Couch Potatoes (film), a 2017 Italian film
 * Couch Potatoes (game show), an American game show
 * "Couch Potatoes" (Roseanne), a 1995 television episode

title: Couch potato (disambiguation)


text:
8th Dáil

The 8th Dáil was elected at the 1933 general election on 24 January 1933 and met on 8 February 1933. The members of Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature) of the Irish Free State, are known as TDs. Initially, it was one of two houses of the Oireachtas, sitting with the First Seanad constituted as the 1931 Seanad and the 1934 Seanad. From 29 May 1936, it was the sole house of the Oireachtas, after the disbandment of Seanad Éireann under the Constitution (Amendment No. 24) Act 1936. The 8th Dáil was dissolved on 14 June 1937. The 8th Dáil lasted days.

Composition of the 8th Dáil
Fianna Fáil, denoted with a bullet, formed the 7th executive council of the Irish Free State.

Graphical representation
This is a graphical comparison of party strengths in the 8th Dáil from February 1933. This was not the official seating plan.

Ceann Comhairle
On 8 February 1933, Frank Fahy (FF), who had served as Ceann Comhairle in the previous Dáil, was proposed by Éamon de Valera and seconded by William Norton for the position, and was elected without a vote.

TDs by constituency
The list of the 153 TDs elected, is given in alphabetical order by Dáil constituency.

title: 8th Dáil


text:
Philip Green (author)

Philip Green (born October 6, 1932) is an American political theorist and Sophia Smith Professor Emeritus of Smith College in Northampton, MA. An outspoken public intellectual, he is best known for his critiques of American liberal pluralism, beginning with a critique of American Cold War strategic policy based on massive nuclear deterrence and first-strike capability, to numerous recent writings about the retreat of representative democracy in the United States. His recent book, American Democracy: Selected Essays on Theory, Practice and Critique (2014), contains a compilation of many of those essays.

Education
Green attended Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, PA, graduating with a BA in History (Magna cum laude) in 1954. He received a Master's in Public Administration from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University in Princeton, NY (1961), as well as a PhD in Politics at Princeton (1965).

Career
Green taught political theory in the Government Department at Smith College from 1964–1998, and was a Visiting Professor at the New School Graduate Center in New York from 2000–2009. Early in his career, he taught at Princeton University and Haverford College.

In addition to his academic work, he has been a frequent contributor to public policy journals and magazines on topics ranging from affirmative action to anti-Semitism. He has served on the editorial board of The Nation since 1978, He was co-chair of the American Writer's Congress in New York in 1981, participated frequently in the Socialist Scholars Conference and its successor, the Left Forum. He is a founding member of the Caucus for a New Political Science within the American Political Science Association (APSA), and has appeared on numerous additional APSA panels.

Views
In his first book, Deadly Logic: The Theory of Nuclear Deterrence (1966), Green criticized the allegedly scientific approach to the nuclear arms race advanced by strategic policy scholars and policymakers of the time. Their reliance on scientific solutions to nuclear escalation was, he argued, profoundly unscientific and inattentive to the deeper moral and political dimensions of the possibility of nuclear warfare. In a further development of that criticism in "Science, Government, and the Case of Rand: A Singular Pluralism" (World Politics 1968, reprinted in American Democracy, ch. 2), he pointed out that the story of the Rand Corporation's relationship to the theorists of nuclear deterrence gave lie to the conventional liberal pluralist notion that policy-setting in the U.S. was open to all would-be participants on an equal basis. The book and the essay were among the seminal critiques of liberal pluralism being developed out of the social and professional ferment of the 1960s. That essay was shortly followed by "I Have a Philosophy, You Have an Ideology: Is Social Criticism Possible?" (Massachusetts Review, 1971, reprinted in American Democracy, ch. 1), which argued that an appropriate respect for facts and reason distinguishes genuine philosophical or empirical argument from the illusions of ideological thinking.

Since that time, his writing has depended both politically and methodologically on these two foundations: the problems of liberal pluralism and the confusion of ideology with philosophical argument. His writing has ranged broadly across a variety of political issues, from advancing a feminist critique of mass culture (Cracks in the Pedestal: Ideology and Gender in Hollywood, 1998) to arguing in favor of open borders (American Democracy, ch. 7). In particular, his essay, "A Few Kind Words for Liberalism", which initially appeared in The Nation in 1992 (reprinted in American Democracy, ch. 5) calls attention to the opaque but critical relationship between radicalism and liberalism. He argues that although liberals too often stop short of genuine change, leaving valuable reforms in the lurch, radicals need to recognize the Millian element in liberalism, the defense of individual rights, group rights and human rights. Thus, he asserts, liberalism and radicalism are inextricably linked, as each not only reveals itself but also challenges the shortcomings and hypocrisies of the other. He concludes that "[t]he task for radicals ... is ... always to point out how much remains to be done after the latest bout of liberal reform, but not to treat liberalism as their primary enemy. It is not classical liberalism but rather a compromised and half-hearted version of it that makes supine compromises with political power brokers or corporate moneybags".

Throughout, as a theorist of democracy, Green has argued that the oligarchic and democratic elements of representative democracy are in constant tension (American Democracy, ch. 6); that a truly representative and accountable government must have input from participants at all levels of public life (Retrieving Democracy, 1985); and that representative democracy and modern capitalism—which deepens social inequalities and thus undermines the foundations of political equality—are fundamentally incompatible (Equality and Democracy, 1999). Pointing out that vibrant democracy must be continuously open to mass protest movements (American Democracy, ch. 11), he has argued that familiar defenses of social inequality are profoundly ideological and can only be overcome not by philosophy but by collective action (American Democracy, ch. 4). In addition, he has pointed out that pro-democracy movements are repeatedly undermined by the increasing concentration of mass media (Primetime Politics, 2005), and the unleashing of gigantic concentrations of wealth, as well as the tendency to institutionalize and contain democracy movements endemic in contemporary American politics (American Democracy, ch. 9). Finally, he asserts, true democracy is dependent upon a strong state for its protection, rather than the night-watchman state of free-market theorists (American Democracy, ch. 3).

Honors and awards

 * Charles A. McCoy Career Achievement Award, Caucus for a New Political Science (2002)
 * Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship at Bellagio (1992)
 * Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship Recipient, "Political Equality: Toward the Ideal of a Self-Governing Community" (1982)
 * Visiting Fellow, Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton University (1981–1982)
 * National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (1976–77)

Personal
Green is married to Dorothy Green, with whom he lives in New York City. He has two children, Laura Green, an English professor and Department Chair at Northeastern University, and Robert Green, a film and internet producer.

His memoir, Taking Sides: a Memoir in Stories, is a nostalgic and ironic account of his personal, political, and intellectual development.

Books

 * Green, Philip. (1966). Deadly Logic: The Theory of Deterrence. New York: Schocken Books.
 * Green, Philip. (1981). The Pursuit of Inequality. New York: Pantheon Books.
 * Green, Philip. (1985). Retrieving Democracy. Washington, DC: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
 * Green, Philip. (1997). Cracks in the Pedestal: Ideology and Gender in Hollywood. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
 * Green, Philip. (1999). Equality and Democracy. New York: The New Press.
 * Green, Philip. (2005). Primetime Politics: The Truth about Conservative Lies, Corporate Culture, and Television Culture. Washington, DC: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
 * Green, Philip. (2014). American Democracy: Selected Essays on Theory, Practice, and Critique. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
 * Green, Philip. (2015). Taking Sides: A Memoir in Stories. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press.

Edited books

 * Green, Philip and Michael Walzer, eds. (1969) The Political Imagination in Literature: A Reader. New York: The Free Press.
 * Green, Philip and Sanford Levinson, eds. (1970) Power and Community: Dissenting Essays in Political Science. New York: Pantheon Press.
 * Green, Philip, ed. (1993, 2d ed. 1999) Democracy. New Jersey: Humanities Press.
 * Green, Philip and Robert Benewick, eds. (1992, 2d ed. 1998) The Routledge Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Political Thinkers. New York: Routledge Press.

title: Philip Green (author)


text:
Talk:Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome

I
I have had four surgeries to remove fibers caused by fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome. I was told that once surgery was performed, it would not return. I was not sexually active other than with my husband of 14 years. I am having another round with this disease and my doctor refuses to do anymore surgey for fear of more adhesion due to surgery. I am on pain killers and an anti inflammatory. Is there ANY other course of action I can take to rid myself of this painfull and inconvenant disorder? After 25 years of this, I am really tired of the daily struggle. Please contact me at jodiemo2000@yahoo.com

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060527114339/http://www.chlamydiae.com/restricted/docs/infections/gentrac_perihep.asp to http://www.chlamydiae.com/restricted/docs/infections/gentrac_perihep.asp

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Wiki Education assignment: WikiMed UTSW
— Assignment last updated by UsamahCh (talk) 05:26, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

WikiMed Page Update Plan
Week 11/27-12/1

- Finalize writing History section based on review paper with historical background

- Complete reformatting outline structure with headings (History, Presentation, Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnoses, Diagnoses, Treatment)

- Review through UpToDate for review papers and textbook chapters

- Read and summarize Harrison's section on Fitz-Hugh

Week 12/4-12/8

- Utilize 3 review papers for completing Presentation, Pathophys, DDx section

- Complete first draft of all sections and continue editing

Week 12/11-12/15

- Finalize all edits on article

- Peer edits UsamahCh (talk) 16:21, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Hey Usamah, great editing! I did make a few notes as I was peer reviewing!
 * Is there a way to link Fitz Hugh similar to how Arthur Curtis was linked?
 * ·     Gonococcal tubal changes may be too scientific?
 * ·     “referred to the right shoulder” maybe can say which can be perceived as pain in the right shoulder (referred pain) or link to referred pain?
 * ·     Maybe cite a source for the risk factors section and diagnosis and workup section, if necessary?
 * ·     “It is important for practitioners to person for a thorough history and physical “?
 * ·     57 kDa chlamydial heat shock protein may be too scientific?
 * ·     Chlamydia misspelling in treatment section Chelsc.an (talk) 07:35, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

Peer edit
Hey Usamah! Awesome editing here. I made a few notes on possible suggestions! ·     Is there a way to link Fitz Hugh similar to how Arthur Curtis was linked? ·     Gonococcal tubal changes may be too scientific? ·     “referred to the right shoulder” maybe can say which can be perceived as pain in the right shoulder (referred pain) or link to referred pain? ·     Maybe cite a source for the risk factors section and diagnosis and workup section, if necessary? ·     “It is important for practitioners to person for a thorough history and physical “? ·     57 kDa chlamydial heat shock protein may be too scientific? ·     Chlamydia misspelling in treatment section Chelsc.an (talk) 07:34, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome


text:
Zero Kilometre Stone

The Zero Kilometre Stone is a 3 m high limestone sculpture in Budapest that represents Kilometre Zero in Hungary. It consists of a zero sign, with an inscription on its pedestal reading "KM" for kilometres. It was initially located at the threshold of Buda Royal Palace, but was moved to its present location by Széchenyi Chain Bridge when the crossing was completed in 1849.

The present sculpture is the work of Miklós Borsos and was erected in 1975. The first official monument, a Madonna statue by Eugene Kormendi had been set up at this spot in 1932, but was destroyed in World War II. A second sculpture, depicting a worker, was in place from 1953 until its replacement by the current one.

Location
It is located in a small park at Clark Ádám tér (Adam Clark square), at the Buda abutment of Chain Bridge, below Buda Castle.
 * 47.49806°N, 19.04°W

title: Zero Kilometre Stone


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Peeblesshire (UK Parliament constituency)

Peeblesshire was a Scottish county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster) from 1708 until 1868. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post voting system.

Creation
The British parliamentary constituency was created in 1708 following the Acts of Union, 1707 and replaced the former Parliament of Scotland shire constituency of Peeblesshire.

Boundaries
The name relates the constituency to the county of Peebles. Article XII of the Union with Scotland Act 1706 (Act settling the Manner of electing the Representatives of Scotland), provided that one representative should be chosen for every shire and steuartry (except for some shires which were to take turns).

History
The constituency elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system until the seat was abolished for the 1868 general election.

This arrangement was continued by the Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1832.

The Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1868 abolished the rights of the counties of Peebles and Selkirk to return a member, and provided that those counties should jointly return a member, thereby establishing the Peebles and Selkirk constituency.

Elections in the 1830s
Montgomery resigned, causing a by-election.

Montgomery's death caused a by-election.

Elections in the 1840s
Mackenzie was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.

Elections in the 1860s
Graham-Montgomery was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.


text:
Henrik von Rehbinder

Henrik von Rehbinder (1604–1680) was a Swedish soldier and freiherr of the Udriku estate in Swedish Estonia.

Biography
He was born on 8 October 1604 in Livland. In 1622 he became a weapon page to Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, then he was a captain in Queen Kristina's honor guard. He was promoted to major general in the cavalry, a commanding officer for the Finnish militia, and later the governor of the Finland. He was raised to nobility as Baron on 12 February 1680. He participated in the Battle of Luetzen in 1632, and he died on 13 October 1680 in Stockholm. He was buried in Värmdö in the church, in a decorated and engraved copper coffin. Henrik Rehbinder, neutralized and baron Rehbinder, b. in Livland 8 Oct 1604. Arms page at Gustav II Adolf 1622. Lieutenant in colonel Grass' infantry regiment 1632, in colonel Otto Yxkull-Gyllenband's cavalry regiment 1638. Cavalry captain in queen Kristina's Mounted Life Guards 1648, major 1648, discharge from the Army 1650. Lieutenant colonel in field marshal baron Gust. Lewenhaupt's Mounted Life Guards 1655, colonel Apr 1656. Naturalized Swedish nobleman 11 Aug 1668 (introduced in the old calendar under nr 713). Major general of the Cavalry and chief of the Finnish Military and governor of Finland 26 Jun 1673. Baron 12 Feb 1680 (introd. s.y.). Was besides owner of numerous estates in Sweden and Uddrich and Wagenküll in Estonia, also owner of Viljakkala in Tavastkyrö (Hämeenkyrö) and Kavantholm in t Andree. Death in Stockholm 13 Oct 1680, buried in Nikolai church in Stockholm in a copper coffin decorated with inscriptions and escutcheon, but was some year later placed in the family grave at the church in Värmdö. 'He followed as page king Gustav II Adolf with zeal and faithfulness in the Polish and German wars until the death of the king; he was an excellent soldier and he got in the battle of Wittstock eighteen severe wounds; he beat during the war in Poland in the 1650th (1655) with his regiment 5.000 Poles, during which he captured two colonels, 60 officers and 520 ranks and he defended then Riga bravely against the Russian by sally and by taking prisoners and victory symbols; he got at raising to the baronial rank his heart escutcheon increased by ten golden stars in memory of his ten sons, of which seven was then alive and all of them had allowed courageously to be used in the service of the State.

Family
He was married to Hildegard von Uexküll from Vigala and later married to Anna Bure. He had 18 children in all. 5 children died young. 4 brothers died in battle, in Poland and Germany.

title: Henrik von Rehbinder


text: File:The Power Broker book cover.jpg

title: File:The Power Broker book cover.jpg


text:
Angen

Angen (安元) was a Japanese era name (年号) after Jōan and before Jishō. This period spanned the years from July 1175 through August 1177. The reigning emperor was Takakura-tennō (高倉天皇).

Change of era

 * 1175 Angen gannen (安元元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Jōan 5, on the 28th day of the 7th month of 1175.

Events of the Angen era

 * 1175 (Angen 1, 22nd day of the 2nd month): the naidaijin Minamoto no Masamichi died at age 58.
 * 1175 (Angen 1, 11th month): Fujiwara no Moronaga was named naidaijin.
 * 1176 (Angen 2, 3rd month): Emperor Takakura visited his father, former-Emperor Go-Shirakawa, on the occasion of his 50th birthday.
 * 1176 (Angen 2, 19th day of the 7th month): The former-Emperor Rokujō died at the age of 13; and also in this same month, Takakura's mother, Empress Kenshun-mon In (formerly Taira Sigeko) died.
 * 1176 (Angen 2, 7th month): Fujiwara no Morotaka, daimyō of Kaga, was in a dispute with the priests of Mt. Hiei; and his younger brother, Fujiwara no Morotsune, set fire to some of the temple buildings. The priests complained to the emperor, demanding that Morotaka be exiled and the Morotsune should be put in prison. However, because Fujiwara no Seiko, the father of these two brothers, was a great friend of Go-Shirakawa, the affair was allowed to lie dormant.
 * May 27, 1177 (Angen 3, 28th day, 4th month): A fire burned the university structure to ashes.

title: Angen


text:
List of Australian penal colonies

The following is a list of Australian penal colonies that existed from the establishment of European presence in the 1780s up until the nineteenth century. The term colony had referred to settlements and larger land areas at that time.

title: List of Australian penal colonies


text:
File:La Soufrière-arieal.jpg

La Soufrière Volocano

source: NASA

title: File:La Soufrière-arieal.jpg


text:
Anna Jurkiewicz

Anna Jurkiewicz ( Polish pronunciation: ; born 9 February 1984) is a Polish former competitive figure skater. She is a three-time (2007–2009) Polish national champion. She qualified to the free skate at four ISU Championships — 1998 Junior Worlds in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; 2007 Europeans in Warsaw, Poland; 2008 Europeans in Zagreb, Croatia; and 2009 Worlds in Los Angeles, California, United States;.

Jurkiewicz placed 5th at Junior Worlds in 1998 and the Junior Grand Prix Final in 1999. She became the first-ever Polish skater to qualify for the JGP Final. The next season she suffered a back injury. In the summer of 2004, she temporarily left skating. She returned in April 2006.

Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

title: Anna Jurkiewicz


text:
Qualia (Sony)

Qualia was a boutique brand of high-end electronics, created by Sony to showcase their best technology. Some Qualia products were newly designed while others were upgraded and rebranded versions of regular Sony products. The line was launched in Japan in June 2003 and the U.S. in April 2004. In 2005, Sony discontinued the Qualia series except in the United States. In early 2006, Sony discontinued the series in the US as well.

title: Qualia (Sony)


text:
Nilgiri langur

The Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johnii) is an Asian langur of the Old World monkey. It has glossy, black fur and an orangey-golden brown, hair-like mane on its head. Females have a white patch of fur on the inner thigh. It typically lives in troops of nine to ten individuals, with or without offspring, depending on seasonality. Its diet consists of fruits, shoots and leaves. It is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and is threatened by habitat destruction and poaching for its body parts, thought to supposedly contain aphrodisiac properties.

Taxonomy and classification
The classification of the Nilgiri langur has been disputed. Traditionally it has been placed within the genus Trachypithecus based on morphological similarities such as cranial morphology and neonatal pelage color, and within the Trachypithecus vetulus group within Trachypithecus based on a presumed close relationship with the purple-faced langur (Semnopithecus vetulus), which had formerly been classified as T. vetulus. DNA and other evidence suggests that the Nilgiri and purple-faced langurs are more closely related to the gray langurs, and have thus been reclassified within the genus Semnopithecus.

Description
Adult males have a head-to-body length of 78–80 cm and adult females of 58–60 cm; their tails are 68.5-96.5 cm long. Males weigh 9.1-14.8 kg and females 10.9–12 kg.

Distribution
The Nilgiri langur is native to the Nilgiri Hills of South India, where it occurs at elevations of 300-2000 m in the states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It has been sighted in Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve, Aliyar Forest Reserve, Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Bandipur National Park, Eravikulam National Park, Idamalayar Reserve Forest, Mudumalai National Park, Mukurthi National Park, Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Nelliampathi, Periyar National Park, Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary and Silent Valley National Park.

Behaviour and ecology
The gestation period is not precisely known but assumed to be 200 days.

title: Nilgiri langur


text: File:Apollox.jpg

title: File:Apollox.jpg


text:
Jamaica Football Federation

The Jamaica Football Federation (JFF) is the governing body of football in Jamaica and is in charge of the Jamaica national football team and the Jamaica Premier League.

Early history (1893–1962)
According to the JFF, the Football Association was formed in 1910 and controlled all games in Jamaica. In 1925, Jamaica's national team had its first international match against Haiti and won all three games 1–0, 2–1, and 3–0. In 1926, Jamaica hosted Haiti at Sabina Park and won 6–0. The Haitians remained frequent opponents, and it was not until 1932 that their run of defeats was broken with a 4–1 home win in Port-au-Prince.

From 1925 to 1962, Jamaica had regular games with teams from Trinidad and Tobago, Haiti, and Cuba, as well as with clubs like the Haitian Racing CH and Violette AC, the British Corinthians, and the Argentinean Tigers. Many of the games were played at Sabina Park and many clubs were established, including Melbourne, Kingston, Kensington, Lucas and St George's Old Boys. In 1952, the Caribbean All-Star team was formed with players from Trinidad, Cuba, Haiti, and Suriname. The team played four matches against Jamaica in Sabina Park. Jamaica won the second game 2–1 and the fourth 1–0, and the All-Stars won the first game 5–1 and the third 1–0. Noted Jamaican players included Lindy Delapenha and Gillie Heron.

Post-independence (1962 onward)
In 1965, under the leadership of Brazilian coach Jorge Penna, Jamaica made its first attempt at World Cup qualifying. This was for the 1966 World Cup finals in England. The preliminary group included Cuba, the Netherlands Antilles, and Jamaica. Jamaica's first game was against Cuba which they won 2–0 at Jamaica's National Stadium. In the qualifying match against the Netherlands Antilles, Jamaica also had a 2–0 victory with both goals coming. In the away games Jamaica was held to a goalless draw with the Netherlands Antilles and suffered a 2–1 defeat to Cuba. Jamaica then advanced to the final group of three, which included Costa Rica and Mexico. The winner of this group would represent the CONCACAF region. Jamaica lost at home to Mexico 3–2 and in the return leg in Mexico City the high altitude proved too much for Jamaica and they were defeated 8–0. Jamaica lost 7–0 to Costa Rica in their inaugural encounter and had a 1–1 tie when they played at home.

In 1968, George Hamilton was the new coach when Jamaica attempted to qualify for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico. Jamaica had only a few remaining players from its previous World Cup team and had to rebuild because most of its players had retired or migrated abroad. Jamaica lost all of its qualifying games in that year.

Jamaica's participation in the 1974 World Cup elimination saw the suspension of 17 players on the team because of poor behaviour on a tour to Bermuda. Jamaica withdrew from the elimination in order to restructure their team.

The 1978 World Cup in Argentina saw Jamaica playing Cuba and losing 3–1 at the National Stadium and then 2–0 in Havana, Cuba. Jamaica did not qualify.

In 1982 Jamaica did not make an attempt for the World Cup Final set in Spain due to insufficient funds and a poorly prepared team. Jamaica did not participate in the 1986 World Cup because of suspension for affiliation fees that were due to FIFA.

In preparation for the 1990 World Cup with coach Jeffery Maxwell, Jamaica won both preliminary games against Puerto Rico 1–0 in Jamaica and 2–0 at Puerto Rico. The US were the next opponents and was held to a goalless draw. The return leg in the US saw Jamaica losing 5–1, bringing an end to their qualifying attempt.

The United States hosted the World Cup 1994. In qualifying, Jamaica beat Puerto Rico 2–1 and was then faced with Bermuda, Canada, and El Salvador from which two teams would advance to the final round. Jamaica tied 1–1 with Canada and Bermuda and then lost 2–0 to El Salvador, 1–0 to Canada, 2–1 to El Salvador. Jamaica then beat Bermuda 3–2 but did not qualify.

Under Brazilian Professor Renê Simões and National coach Carl Brown, Jamaica became a powerhouse in the Caribbean region and received the "Best Mover" award by FIFA in 1996.

Jamaica was the debut English-speaking Caribbean region country to qualify for the World Cup finals in 1998.

Presidents

 * 1) Ronald Gordon (1965–1967)
 * 2) George Abrahams CBE. (1967–1973)
 * 3) B. "Tino" Barvier (1973–1975)
 * 4) Locksley Comrie (1975–1977)
 * 5) Patrick Anderson (1977–1979)
 * 6) Lincoln Sutherland (1979–1981)
 * 7) Hugh Perry (1981–1983)
 * 8) Dr. Winston Dawes (1983–1985)
 * 9) Anthony James (1985–1992)
 * 10) Heron Dale (1992–1994)
 * 11) Captain Horace Burrell (1994–2003)
 * 12) Creston Boxhill (2003-2007)
 * 13) Captain Horace Burrell (2007–2017)
 * 14) Michael Ricketts  (September 2017–)

title: Jamaica Football Federation


text:
LMS Stanier Class 2 0-4-4T

The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Stanier Class 2 0-4-4T was a class of 10 light passenger locomotives built in 1932. Ostensibly designed under new Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) William Stanier, they were in fact the last new design of the Midland Railway's school of engineering.

Overview
The Midland Railway had a large number of 1P 0-4-4T and this was a larger version of the larger wheeled design, classified 2P. The ten built were numbered 6400–6409 by the LMS and renumbered 1900–1909 shortly before nationalisation, freeing the numbers for new LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-0s. British Railways adding 40000 to their numbers making them 41900–41909. Although the last new Midland-style design, as subsequent Stanier engines incorporated much Great Western Railway practice, they were not the last MR-designed locomotives built with some 4Fs appearing as late as 1940.

The class was originally built with stovepipe chimneys, apparently due to an oversight by Stanier due to the design for future LMS locomotive chimneys not being finalised. All were later fitted with Stanier chimneys.

Two of the locomotives were fitted with vacuum control gear in 1934 for working the motor trains on the St Alban's branch, and allocated to Watford Junction shed. The remainder were fitted in the BR period and used at a number of different sheds including Warwick and Longsight. (Motor trains was the terminology used by the LMS although they later became popularly referred to as push-pull trains. The suitably modified stock was marked as pull-push).

Withdrawal
All were withdrawn in November 1959 except 41900, which was withdrawn in March 1962. None were preserved.

title: LMS Stanier Class 2 0-4-4T


text:
User talk:Underfire5

Umm...hi

title: User talk:Underfire5