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User:Lsdan

Hi everyone! I'm pretty sure no-one will ever read this, but if you do, hello! Am I even allowed to use the first person in wiki? I guess so as I haven't been deleted yet!

title: User:Lsdan


text:
Toxicodendron vernix

Toxicodendron vernix, commonly known as poison sumac, or swamp-sumach, is a woody shrub or small tree growing to 9 metres (30 feet) tall. It was previously known as Rhus vernix. This plant is also known as thunderwood, particularly where it occurs in the southern United States.

All parts of the plant contain a resin called urushiol that causes skin and mucous membrane irritation to humans. Urushiol is the same chemical that poison ivy is covered in. When the plant is burned, inhalation of the smoke may cause the rash to appear on the lining of the lungs, causing extreme pain and possibly fatal respiratory difficulty.

Description
Poison sumac is a shrub or small tree, growing up to nearly 30 ft in height. Each pinnate leaf has 7–13 leaflets, each of which is 2 - 4 in long. These are oval-to-oblong; acuminate (tapering to a sharp point); cuneate (wedge-shaped) at the base; undulate (wavy-edged); with an underside that is glabrous (hairless) or slightly pubescent (down-like hair) beneath. The stems along the leaflets are red and the leaves can have a reddish tint to them, particularly at the top of the plant. New bark for a poison sumac tree is lightish gray, and as the bark ages, it becomes darker.

Its flowers are greenish, growing in loose axillary panicles (clusters) 3 - 8 in long. The fruits are subglobose (not quite spherical), whitish-gray, flattened, and about 0.5 cm across; these are eaten by birds.

Poison sumac fruit are creamy white and part of a cluster. Typically, they are around 4 to 5 mm in size.

Distribution and habitat
Poison sumac grows exclusively in wet and clay soils, usually in swamps and peat bogs, in the eastern United States and extreme southeast Canada.

Ecology
The fruit and leaves of the poison sumac plant contain urushiol, an oil that causes an allergic rash upon contact with skin. They are, however, not toxic to birds or other animals, and eaten by them when other food is scarce, especially in winter.

Toxicity
In terms of its potential to cause urushiol-induced contact dermatitis, poison sumac is more toxic than its relatives poison ivy and poison oak.

The differences in toxicity in poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are due to differences in the side chains of the chemicals in these plants. In general, poison ivy has a C15 side chain, poison oak has a C17 side chain and poison sumac has a C13 side chain.

The dermatitis shows itself in painful and long continued swellings and eruptions. In the worst case, smoke inhaled by burning poison sumac leads to life-threatening pulmonary edema whereby fluid enters the alveoli.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Toxicodendron vernix


text:
Louis Hall

Louis Hall (1 November 1852 – 19 November 1915) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Yorkshire from 1873 to 1892.

Life and career
Born in Batley, Yorkshire, Hall made his first-class debut in 1873, when he played a few matches for Yorkshire with little success. He established his reputation with an innings of 79 for a local Eighteen against the Australian XI in 1878. Thereafter, until 1892, he was a mainstay of Yorkshire.

With George Ulyett, Hall formed a successful opening partnership for Yorkshire. They had eleven opening stands of over 100 and, against Sussex in 1885, they added 128 and 108 in the two innings. Against Middlesex in 1884, Hall scored 96 and 135. His finest season was 1887, when he scored 1,544 at an average of 41, 1,240 of them in first-class matches. His highest score was 160 against Lancashire in 1887, when he also took seven wickets.

Hall carried his bat seventeen times in first-class cricket, a feat matched only by W. G. Grace and Cecil Wood. He played for the Players against Gentlemen five times, and captained Yorkshire a few times in the absence of the regular captain Lord Hawke. Defensive by nature, Hall was not an attractive batsman, his primary shot being the front-foot defence. He once saved a match against Kent by batting two and three-quarter hours for 12 runs.

He was awarded a benefit match against Surrey in 1890, but he deferred it so that the injured Billy Bates could have his that year. Hall's benefit match, against Surrey at Sheffield in 1891, earned him 570 pounds. After his active career ended in 1894, he served as a coach at Uppingham School. A steward and member of Hick Lane Wesleyan Chapel, he was also a lay preacher in the Batley area, as well being a Liberal councillor for nine years. He also helped his fellow cricketers as Chairman of the Yorkshire Cricketers Benevolent Fund. In addition, he was secretary of Batley Rugby Club, at the time of the change over to the Northern Union.

Hall died in Morecambe, Lancashire, in November 1915.

title: Louis Hall


text: User talk:81.197.3.212

title: User talk:81.197.3.212


text: Talk:Apate

title: Talk:Apate


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Talk:Mo lei tau

"Literal" Translation?
A more literal translation would be "Nine comes after eight, but eight has nothing to do with nine".
 * I don't speak Chinese but I doubt that three characters (none of which are "eight" or "nine") actually translate into a sentence that long. --feitclub 17:51, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * see here = http://www.hkfilm.net/schow.htm
 * OK, but it still sounds like a figurative translation to me. --feitclub 04:49, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

I speak Cantonese and yes it does. Gaau = nine; m = "negation" [doesn't]; daap = follow, to be next to; baat = eight 75.30.230.217 01:33, 22 December 2006 (UTC)Ninjarina

九唔搭八
Do we really want to go into such detail about "九唔搭八", in article about "Mo Lei tau"? If it warrants it we could give "九唔搭八" its own wikidictionary entry, and leave its presence here as simply "another Cantonese term with a similar meaning is 九唔搭八 " and link to its own entry. This would leave the the article less cluttered.Cetot 10.36 BST 23rd August 2005
 * Feitclub to misquote Lewis Carrol, words can mean anything you want them to and if they can't they're not working hard enough ; and Chinese words work very hard .However maybe as translators we could show greater economy .My own best effort for 九唔搭八 so far would be "nine and eight don't stack ". That's five words to translate four, but only because I'm using a contraction Cetot 11.00 BST 23rd August 2005
 * Eh? Doesn't mo lei tau when translated literally mean "no head/brains"? --Bash 19:14, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * This is a problem with translating Chinese . Individual ideograms take on meanings depending on context and what that they are partnered with."來頭" on its own can be used to mean background, where are you from , as in for example toughs asking each other's "來頭" to see where each others backing is coming from . But it can also be used to mean the source of say a stream or well , in a close analogy to the english "well head" or "head of a river" . "無頭" on its own could literally mean headless as in being decapitated , but could be used to mean "without a begining" all depending on context . However by providing diferent partners "Mo tau No" would be "without a brain" or a way of saying someone was "simple minded" or stupid whilst "Mo tau shai" would be without a clue or clueless .Anyway my best take on "無來頭" would still be that it is literally "without a source or beginning" . Cetot 09.44 BST 23rd August 2005
 * I agree with Cetot, mo lei tau means "no origin" in Cantonese, not "no head". Of course, origin and head have the same meaning, though head here does not means any body part.  Kowloonese 23:51, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

I don't think 九唔搭八 is worthy of an article itself, rather "九唔搭八" is an example of Mo Lei Tau which we can expand here,. which is why I expanded it here. I don't think we need to be terse with our translation; the "9 doesn't stack with 8" doesn't connote all the subtelties of the phrase, let alone the slight alliteration it has which carries part of the humour...--HappyCamper 10:29, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * True.These phrases carry with them the weight of years of use that simply translating individual characters can't convey .Cetot 18.29 BST 23rd August 2005

There can be other explanations and origins of the phrase 九唔搭八. Actually, IMHO, this phrase is originated from a gambling game instead of counting numbers because 搭 does not really mean follow, it means match or pair up in Cantonese. In the tile game of Tien Gow or Pai Gow, the nines are the top tiles. One can play a pair of nines and the pair can beat many hands. However, when someone is pairing a "nine" tile with an "eight" tile, then it means someone is not following the rules, or being mo lei tau or 亂嚟. Actually there are quite a few of Cantonese slangs that are based on gambling e.g. 七個一皮 (chaos, not following rules 亂嚟, same meaning as 九唔搭八 but from the gambling game of Fan Tan where 一皮 is four, not seven), 一戙(棟)都冇 (out of solution with hands tied, from the gambling game of Tien Gow), and 二仔底死跟 (blindly follow, from the game of poker) etc.

Another possible explanation goes with the homophone for dog. Cantonese often uses slangs that verbally and playfully insult the unknowing victims with a secondary implication behind the original phrase. Instead of saying "two does not follow one", Cantonese uses nine (which is homophone with dog 狗) to imply the subject is a dog (a hidden playful insult) 狗唔搭八. Another Cantonese example is 十問九唔應 which lit. means nine of the ten questions were not answered, but the hidden insult also means a person named "Sup (10)" asked a question, but the "dog (9)" didn't answer. Say if person A asked a question and person B disrespectfully ignores it, then person A would comment 十問狗唔應 loudly enough for person B to hear it. However, when person B confronts person A for the insult, person A can easily dismiss it and say "I said nine. Unless you call yourself a dog, I didn't say anything about dog." Kowloonese 23:47, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Too complicated
I have a feeling that people are using circumlocutions, and examples to try and explain something they can't quite get their tongue around , and having made the investment of time and effort are unwilling to divest themselves of their previous work in favour of something simpler

Would it be easier just to describe "Mo Lei Tau" comedy as a genre akin to the madcap,screwball,harebrained and scatterbrained comedies familiar to Western audiences, for example. "Dumb and Dumber" and other Farrelly brothers comedies .Use Google to see if "madcap comedy" e.t.c. fit in with what your expectations of what "Mo Lei Tao" is.

If this is acceptable one solution would be to have two articles, the first trying to define what  "Mo Lei Tao" is  i.e. madcap,screwball e.t.c.;rather then trying to show through examples. This will be enough for most people. The present article can then be expanded into an article specifically about "Mo lei tao" cinema and films in Hong Kong, preserving the work and effort of previous contributers .Cetot 19.36 BST 21st August 2005.

 * I guess one way or another this is now an article about "Mo Lei Tao" comedy, rather then "Mo lei Tao" as a phrase in general use.I'll have a go at categorising it as such.Cetot 18.29 BST 23rd August 2005

See also wikipedia's entry on wacky comedy film the description is as close a fit as anything I've seen to "Mo Lei Tao" as a genre. Cetot 20.09 BST 21st August 2005

=Development of Mo Lei Tau= With regards to the development of "Mo Lei Tau". Does anyone think it would be right to consider Chow Yun Fat's use of catchphrases, especially his use of "I'll treat you to chicken and shark's fin soup." to mean "Drop dead" as a precurser of Mo Lei Tau comedy.Cetot11.14 BST 23rd August 2005

=Misc'= Don't know if this is the right place to mention this but I've linked back to this article from Cinema of Hong Kong, and wacky film comedies. I've also put Mo lei tau as a catgory of Cinema of Hong Kong ..Cetot

Irreverent vs irrelevant
Since working on this article I've had the nagging feeling that the word "irrelevant" has been used where the word "irreverent" was intended. Given the nature of the article they both make sense, but I think irreverent better describes Mo lei tau.

=Non film references to Mo Lei Tau= My most recent encounter with something described as "Mo lei tau" was a short piece in a TVB-USA magazine program. It described a court case in the USA in which a woman sued for damages and won against a furniture store, because she claimed that she was being harrassed by an unsupervised child , from whom the store failed to protect her. The "Mo Lei Tau" element comes from the fact that the child was her own. Goes to show you don't have to be Chinese or from Hong Kong to be "Mo lei tau" .Cetot 18.29 BST 23rd August 2005

Line 1
I wonder if the "mo lei tau" in the first line needs to be in italic font. De ryc k C.  07:07, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it should be, since it is still a phrase from another language, regardless of where in the article it is mentioned. I can't find anything in the style guides stating otherwise. Other examples of this can be found at cha chaan teng and dai pai dong. :) Javacava  |  leave a message!  22:01, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mo lei tau


text:
User:John Z/drafts/Golan Heights

Discussion:

The replaced "quote" with annexation is simply not a quote, as a check of the text of SC 497 shows. The difference is legally important. Israel's Golan Heights law did NOT formally annex the Golan Heights, as the Security Council's wording also makes clear. This is often carelessly termed "annexation", but it is not. For annexation to take place Israel would have to have said formally "The Golan Heights is ours" by a law, proclamation or diplomatic notes. It has never done this. It is not a controversial point that Israel has not annexed the Golan, just a little-known one due to the prevalence of loose speaking. To quote Menachem Begin, replying in the Knesset to criticism of the "annexation": "You use the word annexation, but I am not using it.

Nor is it correct to say that East Jerusalem was annexed by Israel. Not only did Israel not formally annex East Jerusalem, it explicitly denied annexing East Jerusalem. Below is Abba Eban's official response to the Secretary General regarding a GA resolution against changing the status of Jerusalem.

"The resolution presented on 4 July by Pakistan and adopted on the same date evidently refers to measures taken by the Government of Israel on 27 June 1967. The term "annexation" used by supporters of the resolution is out of place. The measures adopted relate to the integration of Jerusalem in the administrative and municipal spheres, and furnish a legal basis for the protection of the Holy Places in Jerusalem."

http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/3389ff5a64eef486852563f80066ef6c?OpenDocument&Click=

4. Application of Israeli law to the Golan Heights is not annexation Sheleff, Leon / In: Brooklyn journal of international law; vol. 20, afl. 2, pag. 333-353 / 1994

5. Application of Israeli law to the Golan Heights is annexation Maoz, Asher / In: Brooklyn journal of international law; vol. 20, afl. 2, pag. 355-396 / 1994

http://www.google.com/search?q=%22golan+heights%22+1981+you+(annex+OR+annexation+OR+annexing)+knesset+menachem+begin&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&start=20&sa=N

JSTOR: Golan Annexation: Israeli Comment Golan Annexation: Israeli Comment. Chaim Herzog. Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 11, No. 3, 172-174. Spring, 1982. GOLAN ANNEXATION: ISRAELI COMMENT Some ... links.jstor.org/ sici?sici=0377-919X%2528198221%252911%253A3%253C172%253AGAIC%253E2.0.CO%253B2-M - Similar pages

JSTOR: The Sharon Doctrine ... O Golan Annexation: Israeli Comment. An editorial in Haaretz and an article by Chaimi Herzog both take a stand against the annexation; ... links.jstor.org/ sici?sici=0377-919X%2528198221%252911%253A3%253C167%253ATSD%253E2.0.CO%253B2-2 - Similar pages

Peace Review Publisher: Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group Issue: Volume 16, Number 3 / September 2004 Pages: 285 - 292 International law, the UN and Middle Eastern conflicts Stephen Zunes

http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/ieim/IMG/pdf/Int_l_Law_and_the_Israeli-Pales.pdf http://www.geocities.com/alabasters_archive/settlements_and_the_law.html

December 14 : Israel adopts the Golan Heights law extending the "Israeli law, jurisdiction, and administration" to the Golan Heights. Although reported as a annexation, it is not: the Golan Heights are not declared to be Israeli territory.

December 18 : The US suspends a memorandum of strategic cooperation it signed with Israel on 30 November after Israel adopts the Golan Heights law.

http://www.jafi.org.il/education/jafi75/timeline7b.html#1

more links:

'Iraq: was it legal?' - Transcript http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/alumniRelations/events/20050106t1205z001.htm

Jerusalem, golan not annexed

http://www.passia.org/jerusalem/meetings/98/J1.htm

better:

http://www.mepc.org/public_asp/journal_vol5/9701_lustick.asp

http://64.233.187.104/search?q=cache:T2XfC-dbrlsJ:www.ciaonet.org/olj/sa/sa_99kup02.html+%22golan+heights%22+begin+annex+what+belongs+to+you&hl=en&ie=UTF-8

Every nation in the world?
Has every nation in the world explicitly cited its reasons for not recognizing Israel's annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem? If not, please don't put words in their mouths. Jayjg (talk) 20:07, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

Yes See:
 * Reaffirming once more the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, to the occupied Syrian Golan,
 * Noting that Israel has refused, in violation of Article 25 of the Charter of the United Nations, to accept and carry out Security Council resolution 497 (1981),

-- Philip Baird Shearer 20:15, 4 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Was this a unanimous vote? Jayjg (talk) 20:25, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

from list of milocc page:

I've been doing other things the last few days but in answer to your question. The full set of UN Resolutions adopted by the General Assembly at its sessions can be found here http://www.un.org/documents/resga.htm

One can work out the resolution number from the codes published on the papers eg "A/RES/47/63[B]" 47 referrers to the session and 63 refers to the resolution if it is followed by a letter in brackets probably means that the resolution was voted to in sections.

In 1981 the [General Assembly 36th session] resolution 120 "Question of Palestine" was "Adopted at the 93rd plenary meeting, 10 Dec. 1981" unanimously (AFAICT) and it says:
 * 6. Further demands that Israel should fully comply with all the resolutions of the United Nations relevant to the historic character of the Holy City of Jerusalem, in particular Security Council resolutions 476 (1980) of 30 June 1980 and 478 (1980) of August 1980, and rejects the enactment of a "basic law" by the Israel Knesset proclaiming Jerusalem as the capital of Israel;

...
 * Recalling the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,

 * Deploring the persistence of Israel in changing the physical character, the demographic composition, the institutional structure and the status of the Holy City of Jerusalem,

 * 1. Determines once again that all legislative and administrative measures and actions taken by Israel, the occupying Power, which have altered or purport to alter the character and status of the Holy City of Jerusalem, and, in particular, the so-called "Basic Law" on Jerusalem and the proclamation of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, are null and void and must be rescinded forthwith;

The Israel Knesset annexed the Golan Heights in 1991 at the next General Assembly session was the 46th the resolution (63) condemning Israel over the declared annexation Golan Heights was Adopted by 152 to 1 with 4 abstentions: The wording was
 * 9. Strongly condemns the imposition by Israel of its laws, jurisdiction and

administration on the occupied Syrian Golan, its annexationist policies and practices, the establishment of settlements, the confiscation of lands, the diversion of water resources and the imposition of Israeli citizenship on Syrian nationals, and declares that all these measures are null and void and constitute a violation of the rules and principles of international law relative to belligerent occupation, in particular the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949;

June 20 Leifern version changed 1st sec
The Golan Heights, previously known as the Syrian Heights, are a plateau on the border of Israel, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. After capturing the area during the Six-Day War, Israel extended Israeli civil law and administation to it in 1981. Syria claims the heights part of the governorate of Al Qunaytirah, and the international community considers the area to be under Israeli miliary occupation. (See  Current Status below).

Geographically, the Heights are bordered on the west by a rock escarpment that drops 1700 feet (500 m) to the Sea of Galilee and the Jordan River; on the south by the Yarmouk River; on the north by the international border with Lebanon, and on the east by a largely flat plain, called the Hauran. The Golan is usually divided into three regions: northern (between Nahals Sa'ar and Gilabon), central (between Nahals Gilabon and Dilayot), and southern (between Nahal Dilayot and the Yarmouk Valley).

Geologically, the Golan Heights are a plateau, and part of a Holocene volcanic field that extends northeast almost to Damascus. The entire area is scattered with inactive cinder cones such as Majdel Shams. Mount Hermon is in the northern Golan Heights but is geologically separate from the volcanic field. Near Hermon is a crater lake called Birkat Ram ("Ram Pool") which is fed by underground springs.

Current status
The Israeli army captured the heights and put it under military administration from 1967 until 1981, when the Knesset passed The Golan Heights Law, similar to its 1967 measures concerning Jerusalem. It permitted the imposition of Israeli identity cards in January 1982 on the mainly Druze Syrians who remained there and allowed them to acquire Israeli citizenship, but most objected strongly to the changes and retained their Syrian citizenship instead. This measure is frequently termed an "annexation" but this is very far from clear - the word or equivalent concepts, like "extending sovereignty" are not used in the law itself.

When Prime Minister Menachem Begin was asked in the Knesset why he was risking international criticism for this annexation, he replied "You use the word annexation, but I am not using it." The quasigovernmental Jewish Agency for Israel states that "Although reported as a annexation, it is not: the Golan Heights are not declared to be Israeli territory." On the other hand, the Netanyahu government's Basic Policy Guidelines stated "The government views the Golan Heights as essential to the security of the state and its water resources. Retaining Israel's sovereignty over the Golan will be the basis for an arrangement with Syria." Neither the UN nor any country has recognised the "annexation" and they officially consider the Heights to be Syrian territory under Israeli military occupation. This view was expressed in the unanimous resolution 497 stating that "the Israeli decision to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan Heights is null and void and without international legal effect." It, like other relevant UN resolutions takes care to not explicitly call it an "annexation", referring at most to Israel's "annexationist policies."

Additionally, Lebanon claims a small portion of the area known as Shebaa Farms on Mount Dov in the area of Mount Hermon. Syria's official position is that the farms are Lebanese territory. UN Security Council Resolution 425 confirmed that as of June 16 2000, Israel had completely withdrawn its forces from Lebanon, therefore indirectly designating the farms as part of the Golan, and therefore part of Syria.

UNDOF (the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force) was established in 1974 to supervise the implementation of the agreement and maintain the ceasefire with an area of separation. Currently there are more than 1000 U.N peacekeepers there trying to sustain a lasting peace. Syria and Israel still contest the ownership of the Heights but have not used overt military force since 1974. The great strategic value of the Heights both militarily and as a source of water means that a deal is uncertain.

Some Jews and Zionist organizations consider the Golan Heights to be liberated Jewish land; this view has very little support internationally. No other country has accepted the legality of the Israeli communities in the Golan Heights.

Ancient history
The area has been contested for thousands of years. During the 3rd millennium BCE the Amorites dominated and inhabited the Golan until the 2nd millennium, when the Arameans took over. Later known as Bashan, the area was contested between Kingdom of Israel (the northern of the two Jewish kingdoms existent at that time) and the Aramean kingdom from the 800s BCE. King Ahab of Israel (reigned 874–852 BCE) defeated Ben-Hadad I in the southern Golan.

In the 700s BCE the Assyrians gained control of the area, but were later replaced by the Babylonian and the Persian Empire. In the 5th century BCE, the region was settled by returning Jewish exiles from Babylonian Captivity (modern Iraq).

In the 4th century BCE, the area came under the control of Alexander the Great and remained under Hellenistic rule until captured by the Romans. In the mid 2nd century BCE, Judah Maccabee aided the local Jewish communities when they came under attack, although the area itself was not in Jewish hands.

The area was named Golan following the Roman occupation—the Greeks referred to the area as "Gaulanitis", the term used by the Romans, which led to the word "Golan". The Nabataeans gained control of the area in 85 BCE. During the First Revolt (66-73 CE) against Rome by the Jews of Judea, a number of Jews captured a hilltop at Gamla, which later fell; the hilltop is today called the "Masada of the Golan". In about 250 CE, the Ghassanids immigrated to the modern-day Golan and built their capital at Jabiyah. After the partitioning of the Roman Empire in 391 CE, the Golan Heights fell under the sphere of the Byzantine Empire, under the rule of their vassals, the Ghassanids. The area came under a short-lived Sassanid occupation that started in 614 and ended in approximately 628. In 636, the area was conquered by Muslim Arabs under the Caliph Umar I. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Druze began to settle the northern Golan and the slopes of Mount Hermon. In the 16th century, the Ottoman Turks came in control of the area and remained so until the end of World War I.

In the 1880s, a Jewish community called Ramataniya was founded by early Zionists; it failed within a year.

History since World War I

The boundary between the forthcoming British and French mandates was defined in broad terms by the Franco-British Boundary Agreement of December 1920. This placed most of the Golan in the French sphere. However, the joint commission formed to demarcate the border precisely did not complete its work until 1923, so the actual transfer of the Golan to French control did not occur until the year after the British Mandate of Palestine came into being. In accordance with the same process, a nearby parcel of land that included the ancient site of Dan was transferred from Syria to Palestine early in 1924. The Golan Heights thus became part of the French Mandate of Syria and, when that mandate ended in 1944, part of Syria. Syria retained control of the Golan Heights for 23 years from 1944 to 1967.

After the 1948-49 Arab-Israeli War, the Syrians fortified on the Heights, from which they shelled civilian targets in Israel and launched other attacks for the next 18 years. 140 Israelis were killed and many more were injured in these attacks from 1949 to 1967. The Mixed Armistice Commission (which oversaw the implementation of the  Israel-Syria Armistice Agreement) reported violations of the agreement by both sides.

After the 1948-49 Arab-Israeli War, the Golan Heights were partly demilitarized by the Israel-Syria Armistice Agreement. Over the following years the Mixed Armistice Commission reported many violations by each side.

During the Six-Day War (1967), the IDF captured the Golan Heights on 9-10 June. The area which came under Israeli control as a result of the war is two geologically distinct areas: the Golan Heights proper (1,070 km²) and the slopes of the Mt. Hermon range (100 km²).

Before the Six-Day War the strategic heights of the Golan, which are approximately 3000 ft (1000 m) above pre-1967 Israel, were used to frequently bombard civilian Israeli farming communities far below them, although Moshe Dayan (Israeli Defense Minister during the 1967 war) would later state that it was most often the result of Israeli provocations in the demilitarized zone.

Most of the Golans' inhabitants, mainly Circassians, fled during the Six-Day War. For various political reasons, they have not been allowed to return. This has led to the splitting of many families.

Israel began settling the Golan almost immediately following the war. Kibbutz Merom Golan was founded in July 1967. By 1970 there were 12 Jewish communities on the Golan and by 2004 there were 34 settlements holding around 18,000 people.

During the Yom Kippur War in 1973, Syrian forces overran much of the southern Golan, before being pushed back by an Israeli counterattack. Israel and Syria signed a ceasefire agreement in 1974 that left the Heights in Israeli hands with a demilitarized zone in Syrian civil, but not military control.

Syria has always demanded a full Israeli withdrawal from all of the Golan Heights, to the shoreline of the Sea of Galilee (the 1949 armistice line). Successive Israeli governments have expressed support for some Israeli withdrawal from the Golan without specifying the extent of this withdrawal. In return for this withdrawal, Israel demands that the area of the Golan falling under Syrian control become demilitarized and that other security measures are implemented to prevent a potential surprise Syrian attack.

Israel has always insisted that any agreement with Syria must include fully normalized diplomatic and economic relations.

Regarding the Golan Heights, Yitzhak Rabin stated:

"Words are not enough about the Golan Heights. We must put them into actions... Withdrawal from the Golan is unthinkable, even in times of peace. Anyone considering withdrawal from the Golan Heights would be abandoning Israel’s security. Let us invest, all of us together, in order to fulfil our obligations to the Golan Heights. And to you residents — those who made the Golan Heights what it is — you have all my respect."

When interviewed about an upcoming conference on American TV networkABC on September 16, 1991, Syrian president Hafez al-Assad said:

"The efforts currently exerted are based on the Security Council Resolutions N° 242 and N° 338 on the basis of realizing a comprehensive peace in the region. The Golan, as an occupied Syrian territory, shall be reinstated, within the framework of such comprehensive peace, to its natural status as part of Syrian territory. Upon implementing the comprehensive solution for the two Arab and Israeli sides, comprehensive peace will  prevail and documents will be achieve peace process. This as you know will be decided  within the Conference, the Israeli side on the one hand and the Arab side on the other."

Also regarding the Heights, when asked about military conflict in the area, Moshe Dayan stated :

"It would happen like this: We would send a tractor to plow someplace of no value, in the demilitarized zone, knowing ahead of time that the Syrians would begin to shoot. If they did not start shooting, we would tell the tractor to keep going forward, until the Syrians in the end would get nervous and start shooting. And then we would start firing artillery, and later also the airforce, and this was the way it was. I did this, and Laskov and Tzur [two previous commanders-in-chief] did it. Yitzhak Rabin did it when he was there, but it seems to me that it was Dado, more than anyone else, who enjoyed these games."

However, Dayan also noted regarding the Israeli farmers who lived at the base of the Heights: "They suffered a lot because of the Syrians. Look, as I said before, they lived in the kibbutzim, they farmed, raised children, lived and wanted to live there. The Syrians opposite them were soldiers who shot at them and they certainly did not like this. But I can tell you in absolute certainly: the delegation that came to convince Eshkol to attack the Heights did not think about these things. It thought about the land on the Heights. Listen, I am also a farmer. I'm from Nahalal, not from Tel-Aviv, and I recognize this. I saw them, and I talked to them. They did not even try to hide their greed for that soil. That's what guided them."

During US-brokered negotiations 1999-2000, Israel offered to return most of the Golan Heights to Syria in exchange for peace and full recognition. Syria refused. Syria offered full recognition and peace in exchange for a complete return to the pre 1967 borders. Israel refused.

In late 2003, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad said he was ready to revive peace talks with Israel. Peace talks were not initiated. The population of the Golan is now half Druze and half Jewish.

Communities
There are four Druze and Circassian villages on the Golan Heights in the area of Majdal Shams. Jewish communities consist of the town of Katzrin, built in the 1970s, and a number of kibbutzim and moshavim (agricultural communities).

title: User:John Z/drafts/Golan Heights


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Service New Brunswick

Service New Brunswick (in French, Service Nouveau-Brunswick), commonly referred to as SNB, is a crown corporation in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.

SNB was established in the late 1990s as part of a merger of the land registry duties of the New Brunswick Geographic Information Corporation, and various other public services provided by departments within the provincial government. SNB was the first public sector multi-service agency to be established in Canada.

In 2015, SNB merged with the New Brunswick Internal Services Agency (NBISA), FacilicorpNB and the Department of Government Services to create a single crown corporation. This consolidation was designed to bring common services into a single entity that would more efficiently provide services to the provincial government and to members of the public.

A board of directors is responsible for the overall administration of the business and affairs of Service New Brunswick.

SNB consists of multiple lines of business:

 * It delivers a number of services to the public on behalf of departments and agencies including the Canadian government and New Brunswick municipalities.  SNB offers three channels of delivery: in person through a network of service centres; over the phone (TeleServices); and online at www.snb.ca.
 * SNB provides common services to other sections of the provincial government, such as IT, payroll, procurement, collections, and translation services.
 * SNB Health Services serves the provincial Regional Health Authorities by providing Clinical Engineering, Supply Chain, and Laundry and Linen services to hospitals and other healthcare providers.
 * Property Assessment Services assesses the value of all lands, buildings and improvements in New Brunswick. This data is used to calculate annual property taxes, in partnership with the Department of Finance and the Department of Environment and Local Government.
 * SNB operates the province's real and personal property registries, and provides information services to the public based on these registries.
 * The corporation is responsible for maintaining the province's survey control network and topographic mapping system.

SNB has approximately 2,400 employees, and has an annual budget of approximately $266,000,000.

title: Service New Brunswick


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Category:Wikipedia requested images

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title: Category:Wikipedia requested images


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User:Stabuh

I'm a political scientist and an economist from Finland.

title: User:Stabuh


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Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis

The cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis is a pseudo-scientific claim that there have been recent, geologically rapid shifts in the axis of rotation of Earth, causing calamities such as floods and tectonic events or relatively rapid climate changes.

There is evidence of precession and changes in axial tilt, but this change is on much longer time-scales and does not involve relative motion of the spin axis with respect to the planet. However, in what is known as true polar wander, the Earth rotates with respect to a fixed spin axis. Research shows that during the last 200 million years a total true polar wander of some 30° has occurred, but that no rapid shifts in Earth's geographic axial pole were found during this period. A characteristic rate of true polar wander is 1° or less per million years. Between approximately 790 and 810 million years ago, when the supercontinent Rodinia existed, two geologically rapid phases of true polar wander may have occurred. In each of these, the magnetic poles of Earth shifted by approximately 55° due to a large shift in the crust.

Definition and clarification
The geographic poles are defined by the points on the surface of Earth that are intersected by the axis of rotation. The pole shift hypothesis describes a change in location of these poles with respect to the underlying surface – a phenomenon distinct from the changes in axial orientation with respect to the plane of the ecliptic that are caused by precession and nutation, and is an amplified event of a true polar wander. Geologically, a surface shift separate from a planetary shift, enabled by earth's molten core.

Pole shift hypotheses are not connected with plate tectonics, the well-accepted geological theory that Earth's surface consists of solid plates which shift over a viscous, or semifluid asthenosphere; nor with continental drift, the corollary to plate tectonics which maintains that locations of the continents have moved slowly over the surface of Earth, resulting in the gradual emerging and breakup of continents and oceans over hundreds of millions of years.

Pole shift hypotheses are not the same as geomagnetic reversal, the occasional reversal of Earth's magnetic field (effectively switching the north and south magnetic poles).

Speculative history
In popular literature, many conjectures have been suggested involving very rapid polar shift. A slow shift in the poles would display the most minor alterations and no destruction. A more dramatic view assumes more rapid changes, with dramatic alterations of geography and localized areas of destruction due to earthquakes and tsunamis.

Early proponents
An early mention of a shifting of Earth's axis can be found in an 1872 article entitled "Chronologie historique des Mexicains" by Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, a specialist in Mesoamerican codices who interpreted ancient Mexican myths as evidence for four periods of global cataclysms that had begun around 10,500 BCE. In 1948, Hugh Auchincloss Brown, an electrical engineer, advanced a hypothesis of catastrophic pole shift. Brown also argued that accumulation of ice at the poles caused recurring tipping of the axis, identifying cycles of approximately seven millennia.

In his pseudo-scientific 1950 work Worlds in Collision, Immanuel Velikovsky postulated that the planet Venus emerged from Jupiter as a comet. During two proposed near-approaches in about 1450 BCE, he suggested that the direction of Earth's rotation was changed radically, then reverted to its original direction on the next pass. This disruption supposedly caused earthquakes, tsunamis, and the parting of the Red Sea. Further, he said near misses by Mars between 776 and 687 BCE also caused Earth's axis to change back and forth by ten degrees. Velikovsky cited historical records in support of his work, although his studies were generally ridiculed by the scientific community.

Recent conjectures
Several authors have offered pseudoscientific arguments for the hypothesis, including journalist and New Age enthusiast Ruth Shick Montgomery. Skeptics counter that these works combine speculation, the work of psychics, and modern folklore, while largely avoiding any effort at basic science by trying to disprove their own hypothesis.

Earth crustal displacement hypothesis
Charles Hapgood is now perhaps the best remembered early proponent of the hypothesis that some climate changes and ice ages could be explained by large sudden shifts of the geographic poles. In his books The Earth's Shifting Crust (1958) (which includes a foreword by Albert Einstein) and Path of the Pole (1970), Hapgood speculated that accumulated polar ice mass destabilizes Earth's rotation, causing crustal displacement but not disturbing Earth's axial orientation. Hapgood argued that shifts (of no more than 40 degrees) occurred about every 5,000 years, interrupting 20,000- to 30,000-year periods of polar stability. He cited recent North Pole locations in Hudson Bay (60°N, 73°W), the Atlantic Ocean between Iceland and Norway (72°N, 10°E) and the Yukon (63°N, 135°W). However, in his subsequent work The Path of the Pole, Hapgood conceded Einstein's point that the weight of the polar ice is insufficient to cause polar shift. Instead, Hapgood argued that causative forces must be located below the surface. Hapgood encouraged Canadian librarian Rand Flem-Ath to pursue scientific evidence backing Hapgood's claims. Flem-Ath published the results of this work in 1995 in When the Sky Fell co-written with his wife Rose.

In popular culture
The idea of earth crust displacement is featured in 2012, a 2009 film based on the 2012 phenomenon.

Scientific research
While there are reputable studies showing that true polar wander has occurred at various times in the past, the rates are much smaller (1° per million years or slower) than predicted by the pole shift hypothesis (up to 1° per thousand years). Analysis of the evidence does not lend credence to Hapgood's hypothesized rapid displacement of layers of Earth.

Data indicates that the geographical poles have not deviated by more than about 5° over the last 130 million years, contradicting the hypothesis of a cataclysmic polar wander event.

More rapid past possible occurrences of true polar wander have been measured: from 790 to 810 million years ago, true polar wander of approximately 55° may have occurred twice.

title: Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis


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Talk:1986 NBA draft

Ken Barlow link / Walter Berry / etc.

 * I did NOT put in the Ken Barlow link! I am not the only contributor to edit this page. User:Dale Arnett put in the link to Ken Barlow.
 * I worked for the Portland Trail Blazers, and I was there when Walter came to camp. “Millions” of readers don’t even know who the heck Walter Berry is. They have not a clue.

 * I did NOT remove the link to Johnny Newman and Kevin Duckworth. They were just never put in. (There were links for them in the “rounds” table.)

 * An eight-grade boy in Melbourne, Australia, trying to learn about the NBA and the NBA draft might not fathom the fact that the goal of an NBA team is attempt to draft in order to reach the NBA Finals.

 * I worked intimately analyzing basketball during this time. I have an in-depth knowledge of the NBA from 1980 to 1995.

 * To anyone who was there, and watched the 1990 NBA Finals with basketball intelligence, Vinnie Johnson was the difference. He came off the bench time and again to hit a crucial three-point shot to push a tight game in favor of the Pistons. What it has to do with the draft is, the “goal of the draft is to get to the finals.” And sometimes you need to look back at the drafts, and forwards a few years to the Finals and do an analysis of what the key factors were between the two.

 * This article is not so big that we can’t try and educate that eight-grader in Melbourne to the details between the draft, and the finals. And help fill in the gap between the two. This article is an analysis of the 1986 NBA Draft and what happened with certain picks, what there outcomes where. Not just a table with a list of names, teams, and links. It attempts to explain why certain things happened with certain picks and teams.

 * I am not the only contributor to make mistakes. I can find some of yours also, but I can do it in a constructive context.

 * I sign in and don't hide behind an anonymous IP address.

 * I try to communicate with other contributors in a civilized manner about corrections.

 * I stand behind my entire body of contributions to Wikipedia, with some comprehensive research.

WikiDon 08:29, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:1986 NBA draft


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Garden Grove High School

Garden Grove High School is a public high school located in Garden Grove, California. It is a member of the Garden Grove Unified School District and serves the northeast portion of the city and a small portion of southern Anaheim.

History
The Garden Grove Union High School District was established in 1921 in response to attempts by neighboring school districts to annex the Garden Grove area. GGHS opened its doors in September 1921 in temporary facilities. The school moved to its present location on Stanford Avenue in 1923.

The school's athletic teams were originally known as "Chili Peppers", reflecting the dominant local crop of the time. In the 1920s, the name "Argonauts" was chosen. They are known as Argos for short.

GGHS was badly damaged by the 1933 Long Beach earthquake; the main classroom building suffered a partial collapse and one student was killed. The structure was rebuilt and is still in use, having been renamed Heritage Hall. It also houses the Argonaut Hall of Fame and Museum, chronicling the school's long history, as well as a memorial to Michael Monsoor, a United States Navy SEAL killed in Iraq and posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor, and an alumnus of Garden Grove High School.

GGHS grew with the post-World War II boom and by the 1960s, it was joined by six other high schools in what is now the Garden Grove Unified School District.

In the 2004–2005 and 2018-2019 school years, Garden Grove High School was named a California Distinguished School.

In September 2021, Garden Grove High School celebrated 100 years of establishment.

Athletics
The Argonauts made the CIF Southern Section Football finals in 2009, but lost. The Argonauts won their first CIF Southern Section Football title in 2010 as champions of the Southern Division, and their second, came in 2014 against cross-city rival Rancho Alamitos. Other Southern Section CIF titles won by the school include coed badminton (1986, 1995 and 1999), girls' field hockey (1979, 1982, and 1983), and girls' softball (1985). Wrestler, Nathan Tran, made the California State Tournament for Wrestling in Bakersfield, in 2018, for the first time since the 1990s.

Performing arts
Garden Grove High School offers music courses in marching band, concert band, beginning instruments, jazz band, and beginning and advanced string orchestra. Each year during Memorial Day weekend, the Argonaut Marching Band and Colorguard act as host band in the Strawberry Festival Parade in Garden Grove, California.

Arts

 * Clint Walker, Class of 1991, publisher, writer, editor and photographer
 * James Intveld, Class of 1977, musician and actor
 * Steve Martin, Class of 1963, comedian, actor, screenwriter, and author
 * John McEuen, musician, founding member of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
 * Dustin Nguyen, actor, director, writer, and martial artist
 * Basil Poledouris, Class of 1963, film and television composer
 * Stephen Shortridge, Class of 1970, actor

Sports

 * Al Carlson, Class of 1969, NBA player, center, 1975–76 with the Seattle SuperSonics
 * Lenny Dykstra, Class of 1981, Major League Baseball player, outfielder, 1985–96 with the New York Mets and Philadelphia Phillies
 * Roy Gleason, Class of 1961, Major League Baseball player and Bonus Baby, outfielder, 1963 with Los Angeles Dodgers, only Major League Baseball player to serve in combat in the Vietnam War
 * Merle Hapes, Class of 1938, NFL player, fullback, 1942 and 1946 with the New York Giants
 * Mark Lomas, Class of 1966, NFL Player, defensive lineman, 1970–74 with the New York Jets
 * Mike Schooler, Class of 1980, Major League Baseball player, pitcher, 1988–93 with the Seattle Mariners and Texas Rangers

Business, politics, and the military

 * Steve Fossett, Class of 1962, businessman, aviator, sailor and adventurer; first person to circumnavigate the globe solo in a balloon.
 * Michael Monsoor, Class of 1999, a United States Navy SEAL killed in Iraq and posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.
 * Eric Nguyen, Class of 1997, President of Shoesville, Founder of the independent nation of rabbits, father to Theo and Simon
 * Janet Nguyen, Class of 1994, Garden Grove City Councilwoman, member of Orange County Board of Supervisors, and State Senator
 * Bill Thomas, Class of 1959, 11-term U.S. Congressman (now retired) and Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee

title: Garden Grove High School


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Talk:Swallow's Nest (delicacy)

Untitled
It's not really the nest of a swallow, though. It's the nest of a swiftlet. Which is not a swallow.
 * That reminds me of pencil lead. I'd support the merger, anyhow, as long as a subtle consensus is reached eventually. :) -- Jerry Crimson Mann 21:23, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Bird's Nest
Would this be a more popular name for "Swallow's Nest"? Many thanks. :) -- Jerry Crimson Mann 13:31, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

disambig
I think a lot of people who look up "swallow's nest" are after the delicacy, not the bird. I changed the link to a disambig page that points between them. Have a look and edit the disambig if you think it needs it. -- ben 11:29, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Swallow's Nest (delicacy)