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Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity

The Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom, and Diversity (Partij voor Naastenliefde, Vrijheid en Diversiteit, PNVD), alternatively the Charity, Freedom, and Diversity Party, was a political party in the Netherlands. It existed without parliamentary representation and had only three known members. The PNVD was commonly referred to as the "pedo party" (pedopartij) by media outlets, due to its advocacy for the legalization of child pornography and the lowering of the age of consent. The party was originally founded on 31 May 2006 by three self-described pedophiles. Its motto was sapere aude, or "dare to know". Starting with the 2006 general election, the PNVD failed to contest electorally as it was unable to collect the 30 signatures from each of the 19 Dutch electoral regions it required to get on the ballot. On 14 March 2010, the party was dissolved.

The PNVD was momentarily revived on 7 August 2020, with Nelson Maatman as leader and original co-founder Norbert de Jonge as secretary-treasurer. Former party leader Marthijn Uittenbogaard indicated that he would not return to politics and was considering leaving the country. On 5 June 2022, authorities in Mexico City arrested Maatman on suspicion of human trafficking and possession of child pornography and a firearm, and the PNVD again dissolved.

Platform
According to their official statement, the PNVD's platform aimed to maximize diversity and liberty. They proposed allowing individuals, from the age of 12, to vote, have sex, gamble, choose their place of residence, and use soft drugs. Hard drugs would be legal at 16, as that would be the new age of majority. They also intended to eliminate marriage in the law, permit public nudity anywhere in the country, make railway travel free, and institute a comprehensive animal rights platform. They were opposed to immigration and religious elementary schools.

Sexuality
The PNVD sought to have the legal age of consent lowered to 12, and, in the long run, completely eliminated (except in dependent or intrafamilial relationships). They reason that only "coerced" or "dangerous" sexual activity should be punished. They also aimed to equalize the legal age where one can perform in pornography with the legal age of consent. Prostitution would be legal at the age of 16. The PNVD wanted to legalise private use of child pornography (calling outlawing thereof "censorship" in the platform) and allow non-violent pornography to be screened on daytime television. Their platform also included legalization of humans engaging in sex with other animals.

Treasurer Van den Berg claimed that, "Rearing is also about introducing children to sex". Because of their controversial viewpoints on children and sexuality, they were often called the "paedo-party" by the people and in the media.

Also, the party's platform called for separate imprisonment facilities for sex offenders, arguing that the country would otherwise have indirect torture laws.

Animal rights
The PNVD ultimately aimed to establish a universal treaty guaranteeing all animals basic rights.

In addition, the party planned to heavily restrict animal testing and completely prohibit the consumption of meat and fish: they viewed the killing of animals, no matter what purpose it serves, as murder. Industries currently depending on the sale of animal meat would receive provisional financial support from the government. Hunting and fishing for sport would also be banned. The party also supported laws criminalizing the "sexual maltreatment" of animals.

Controversy and legal challenges
Many of the party's positions, particularly those involving children, were widely unpopular among the Dutch public. In a May 2006 opinion poll, 82% of respondents wanted the Dutch government to stop the party from competing in the elections. The anti-pedophile foundation "Soelaas" petitioned the courts to ban the party, but the judges ruled in the PNVD's favour. "The freedom of expression, the freedom of assembly and the freedom of association … should be seen as the foundations of the democratic rule of law and the PNVD is also entitled to these freedoms," the court said in a statement.

The party's ties to paedophile activism have drawn much attention: Uittenbogaard (who also starred in the controversial documentary Are All Men Pedophiles?) was earlier the treasurer of Vereniging Martijn, an organization which advocates romantic and sexual relationships between adults and children, and all of its founders have identified as pedophiles. As of 2023, he is serving a ten year prison sentence in Ecuador for the production of child pornography.

Former party treasurer Ad van den Berg (politician) was convicted in 1987 for a relationship with an eleven-year-old boy. He was fined and given a suspended prison sentence. The Dutch television show Netwerk monitored Van den Berg for three months and discovered that he still had an underage boyfriend. Van den Berg passed away in early 2023, aged 78.

In June 2006, Norbert de Jonge was expelled from his special education course at the Radboud University Nijmegen, owing to his involvement with the party and identification as a pedophile.

The party's name was abbreviated as NVD at its formation, but shortly thereafter, the security company sought a legal order to have the party change their initials, saying that the party using the same abbreviation violated their trademark and harmed their reputation. The challenge was successful, and the party changed its initials to PNVD.


text: User talk:63.251.31.8

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:63.251.31.8


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Moody Middle School

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Keep Zzyzx11 (Talk) 02:39, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Moody Middle School
I'm no school deletionist or anything, but this article has no redeeming qualities. It mostly reads like an advertisement... many fine qualities demonstrated by students at Moody Middle, The community of Moody Middle provides a safe and caring environment, All students at Moody Middle are expected to: Respect themselves, The school and the School Board do not approve of smoking., Hats, shirts that advertise drugs, alcohol, cigarettes or shirts with foul language are not allowed. The article doesn't establish notability, and mostly sounds like an info book about school policies that would be given to a student. CryptoDerk 04:46, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a moody middle school indeed. (Sel-respect as opposed to what, self-abuse?) Yes, an account of the (humdrum) aims and rules of an institution such as this is unencyclopedic. Delete. -- Hoary 05:36, 2005 Jun 7 (UTC)
 * I guess we could transwiki to, uh, Wikibooks? Uh, what's that? They don't want it? Delete.   [ +t, +c ] 05:50, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep NPOV and verifiable. --Unfocused 06:01, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable and generic. Gamaliel 18:54, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The cure for this kind of problem with an article is editing, not deletion. If not kept, merge to newly created article School district 43, British Columbia. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 19:10, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Tony Sidaway. Celestianpower 19:40, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, article fails to establish notability. RickK 19:53, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless expanded. I don't hate schools, but this article provides no useful information. --Scimitar 20:08, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The article provides no useful information.  Almost meets "speedy" criteria. --Carnildo 20:14, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * delete not notable. Dunc|☺ 20:17, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. NeoJustin 20:27, June 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as verifiable and NPOV stub that Tony has fixed. I agree with WP:SCH guidelines. Double Blue  (Talk) 21:48, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with School district 43, British Columbia Average Earthman 21:52, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 22:13, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and add the tag.      22:34, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Lessee, it's an article about a school with some problems. I have an idea: FIX IT instead of nominating it for VfD! Ketsuban (is 1337) 23:23, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep SchmuckyTheCat 04:33, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with school district or community article. Kelly Martin 04:42, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's developing nicely. -Eisnel 04:55, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I say: Don't delete it! It's not that bad compared to others. Besides, it looks fix-able to me. KEEP. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mindwiz (talk • contribs) 05:02 UTC, 8 Jun 2005
 * Comment. The above editor's 27th edit. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 07:36, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It's improving. CalJW 05:18, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Though the Reputation heading needs to be changed along with a rewrite of the content in that section. Vegaswikian 06:12, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with School district 43, British Columbia. That is so much easier than putting this through the VfD grind. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:08, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into School district 43, British Columbia and delete - Skysmith 08:09, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * keep this please no need to merge it Yuckfoo 23:22, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or redirect & merge with School district 43, British Columbia  T h e St ev e 06:59, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, NN crap Proto 11:32, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Good to see more schools on VfD.  Keep it up. —RaD Man (talk) 22:29, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge with School district 43, British Columbia, which only lists this school ATM --MarSch 14:49, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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St. Paul's College, Manitoba

St. Paul's College is a Catholic college on the Fort Garry campus of the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Mantioba, Canada. It was founded in 1926 by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate and became affiliated with the University of Manitoba in 1931.

St. Paul's is the only Catholic higher education institute in the local OMI province and enrolls approximately 850 undergraduate students.

History
St. Paul's College was established in 1926 with Fr. Alphonse Simon, OMI as the first rector. It was initially located in a building on Selkirk Avenue, but the increase in student population thereafter prompted a move to the old Manitoba College location, which was purchased by Archbishop Sinnott in 1931. The direction of the college passed into the hands of the diocesan clergy and Fr. C. B. Collins was appointed Rector. In the same year, the college became affiliated with the University of Manitoba.

On October 27, 1931, at the time of its affiliation, St. Paul's had a staff of 15 (eight priests and seven laymen), and a total of twelve students in the university program. The University of Manitoba Yearbook for 1932, The Brown and Gold, displays the photographs of the first two graduates of the college.

Jesuit priests undertook direction of the college in 1933. Fr. John Holland, S.J., was appointed Rector, and Fr. Erle Bartlett, S.J. was appointed Dean of Studies. In 1936, St. Mary's College for Women became the women's division of St. Paul's, until the college opened on the Fort Garry campus in 1957 when it became co-educational and St. Mary's eventually withdrew from university work.

Campus construction was largely funded by individual donors and churches of Manitoba. In 1932, a new campus building, Paul Shea Hall (donated by Margaret Shea), was built to house the high school. In 1939, six more classrooms were added and paid for through the Archdiocese. By the mid-1940s, students were being turned away because of the lack of space. A building fund drive at that time was not particularly successful and attention was turned again to relocating on the University of Manitoba campus with whom ongoing negotiations about relocation had been taking place. In 1957 a 99-year lease for land on the campus was signed and a cornerstone was laid and blessed by Archbishop Pocock. The Canada council contributed $100,000 towards the construction costs. The architect was Mr. Peter Thornton; the contractors were Wallace and Aikens.

In the fall of 1958, the basic buildings and administrative offices containing classrooms, library, cafeteria, faculty offices, and the chapel were completed. About 200 students registered that year.

In 1962 the Science Wing was added, containing laboratories, an increased number of classrooms, and faculty offices. The student cafeteria was extended in 1964 and the residence of the Jesuit Fathers was added. The library, along with a theatre with a capacity of 200, more classroom and faculty office space were constructed in 1972. A larger library and a student residence were part of the original plan, but were never constructed.

The college has since come under the direction of the St. Paul's Corporation and an 18-person Board of Governors. The Archbishop of Winnipeg is the College chancellor.

The new millennium saw the construction of the Arthur V. Mauro Centre for Peace and Justice - an addition that provides graduate and undergraduate studies in peace-building and conflict-resolution.

Scholarships and bursaries
The Government of Canada sponsors an Aboriginal Bursaries Search Tool that lists over 680 scholarships, bursaries, and other incentives offered by governments, universities, and industry to support Aboriginal post-secondary participation. St. Paul's College scholarships for Aboriginal, First Nations and Métis students include: Sundance Aboriginal Student Award.

Arthur V. Mauro Institute
The Arthur V. Mauro Institute (formerly the Arthur V. Mauro Centre) at St. Paul's College, University of Manitoba, is built to encourage the advancement of human rights, conflict resolution, global citizenship, peace, and social justice through research, education, and outreach.

The Mauro Institute's initial emphases has been the cultural, religious, and philosophical dimensions of peace; social, economic, and environmental justice; peace education; human rights; and the role of international organizations and standards in the quest for peace and justice. The institute is also interested in the role of the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in pointing ways for people to live in peace and harmony in a post-modern world.

The Joint M.A. Program in Peace and Conflict Studies (governed jointly by the University of Manitoba and the University of Winnipeg) is housed at the Mauro Centre (U of M) and the Global College (U of W).

The institute is home to the University of Manitoba's Ph.D. Program in Peace and Conflict Studies.

Storytelling for Peace and Renewing Community (SPARC) is an initiative of the Institute that encompasses the Winnipeg International Storytelling Festival: Storytelling on the Path to Peace; the Youth Forum on Human Rights, Peace, and Social Justice; a 6-credit master's-level Summer Institute on Storytelling for Peace and Human Rights; and the Mauro Centre Storytelling Working Group.

Near Eastern and Biblical Archaeology Laboratory
The Near Eastern and Biblical Archaeology Laboratory (NEBAL) was established in 2010 by St. Paul's College at the University of Manitoba. The goal is to have a single integrated location for the study of the ancient cultures of the Near East and eastern Mediterranean. It provides a focus for seminars and lectures related to Near Eastern and Biblical Studies at the University of Manitoba. All related archaeological remains scattered throughout the university are being gathered in this location for analysis and curation. NEBAL also provides a single integrated research and administrative facility for faculty and students.

Fr. Harold Drake Library
The Fr.Holland Library at St. Paul's College focuses on supporting the teaching and research needs of staff and students at St. Paul's College including the University One program, the Jesuit Centre for Catholic Studies and the Arthur V. Mauro Centre for Peace and Justice.

The Library holds over 70,000 volumes including the following collections:

 * Catholic Studies: Theology and history of the Catholic Church, contemporary Catholic issues
 * Medieval Studies
 * Philosophy (including Bernard Lonergan)
 * Peace and Conflict Studies
 * History (European, British, Canadian)
 * French literature (20th century) and English literature

The Fr. Harold Drake Library offers a full range of library services including access to the entire University of Manitoba Libraries collections, reference and reserve services, patron print, scanning and photocopying. The Library's collections and services are open to all University of Manitoba Libraries patrons.

Catholic Studies Program
The historical relationships and ongoing encounters that the members of the Roman Catholic Church have had with disciplines such as history, the arts and sciences, as well as human thought comprise the framework around which the Catholic Studies program is formed.

The Catholic Studies program at St. Paul's College was designed as an interdisciplinary unit that fosters an intellectual and academic approach to Catholicism. It seeks to explore the Catholic tradition in ways that do justice to its full contributions and challenges as a historical and contemporary phenomenon. In order to provide crucial perspectives on the Catholic culture, the program itself includes the findings of many academic disciplines such as Religion, History, Fine Arts, and Philosophy.

The Catholic Studies Program's goal is to study, explore, and engage Catholicism in all its social, political, and religious complexities. The program is aimed at students who wish to pursue Catholic Studies as a minor as well as for those students who only want to take one or two courses that would expand and deepen their understanding of Catholicism.

St. Paul's College Students' Association
The St. Paul's College Students' Association (SPCSA) consists of students pursuing any program of study at U of M, who are registered members of the college. SPCSA members are elected annually by students. Its purpose is to organize and promote events and special initiatives, and represent students' interests (academic, spiritual, and social).

Events are planned throughout the year such as a Welcome Back BBQ, Sibling Rivalry BBQ with St. John's College, Back to School Bash, Valentine's Day Bash, St. Patrick's Day Bash, and closing ceremonies.

title: St. Paul's College, Manitoba


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Leumeah railway station

Leumeah station is located on the Main Southern line, serving the Sydney suburb of Leumeah. It is served by Sydney Trains T8 Airport & South line services.

History
Leumeah station opened in 1886. The station is the main access station for Campbelltown Stadium, home of the A-League football team Macarthur FC and the Wests Tigers National Rugby League team.

The station was initially made wheelchair accessible in 2004 with a lift to each platform complete. However, the station received a third lift on the western side of the station in 2012, due to the Southern Sydney Freight Line removing pedestrian access to the Platform 1 lift.

In January 2013, the Southern Sydney Freight Line opened to the west of the station.

Since the second half of 2017, Leumeah railway station has been served exclusively by the Airport and East Hills line, meaning commuters have to change at Glenfield to travel to either the city via Granville station or to Blacktown station via the Cumberland Line.

Transport links
Transit Systems operates five bus routes via Leumeah station, under contract to Transport for NSW:
 * 870: Campbelltown Hospital to Liverpool station
 * 871: Campbelltown Hospital to Liverpool station
 * 872: Campbelltown Hospital to Liverpool station
 * 879: to Campbelltown station
 * 881: Leumeah North to Campbelltown station

Leumeah station is served by one NightRide route:
 * N30: Macarthur station to Town Hall station

title: Leumeah railway station


text: User talk:69.235.209.44

title: User talk:69.235.209.44


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sydney Rees

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 08:11, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

Sydney Rees
Vanity. Returns 48 google hits, and 0 if 'vocalist' is included in the search. →Ingoolemo←  talk  04:48, 2005 Jun 7 (UTC)
 * Delete: I originally put it as speedy, but it's more appropriate for VfD. --Durin 04:52, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy When she has risen, then someone can write an article --Xcali 06:09, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not famous enough yet to include MarkS 19:45, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity, not so famous yet, her or her song. --Etacar11 01:18, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: User talk:24.88.98.167

title: User talk:24.88.98.167


text:
Kathiawari horse

The Kathiawari or Kathiawadi is an Indian breed of horse. It originates in the Kathiawar peninsula of Gujarat in western India, and is associated with the Kathi people of that area. It was originally bred as a desert war horse for use over long distances, in rough terrain, on minimal rations. It is closely related to the Marwari horses of Rajasthan; both breeds have been influenced by imported Arab horses. It is found in all colours except for black, and is most commonly chestnut. In the past it was used as a war horse and cavalry mount. Today it is used for riding, in harness and for sports; it may be used as a police horse and for the sport of tent-pegging. A stud-book is kept by the Kathiawari Horse Breeders' Association, which also organises annual shows.

History
The origins of the Kathiawari are unknown. There were indigenous horses on the western coast of India before the arrival in the early sixteenth century of the Turco-Mongol invaders who later established the Mughal Empire. During the Mughal period, and later under the British Raj, Arab horses were imported to India and crossed with native stock, creating the ancestors of the modern Kathiawari breed. There may also have been some Mongolian influence.

The horses were bred as a desert war horse for use over long distances, in rough terrain, and on minimal rations. They were wiry, sleek, agile and fast, and could carry an armed man for long periods. According to tradition, they were loyal and brave in battle, often defending their riders even when wounded themselves. Some noble families bred their own line or strain, twenty-eight or thirty-six of which still exist.

The Kathiawari is bred mainly in the Kathiawar peninsula, but is found also in Maharashtra and Rajasthan. A breed society, the Kathiawari Horse Breeders' Association, keeps the stud-book. The government of Gujarat maintains a conservation herd at Junagadh, and has a number of stallions standing at stud in other parts of the state. The Indigenous Horse Society of India is also involved in conservation efforts. In 2007 no more than fifty Kathiawaris were in private hands.

A breed standard was drawn up in 2008. In 2010 the Gujarati government commissioned Saurashtra University to research the options for recovery of the Kathiawari breed, and also the extent to which it is related to the Marwari.

In 2007 the conservation status of the Kathiawari was listed as "not at risk" by the FAO. No breed numbers have been reported to DAD-IS since 1997, when there were about 7500.

Characteristics
The average height at the withers is 147 cm. Height should not be more than about 152 cm; taller horses may seem coarse. It may be any colour but black; Chestnut is the most common colour, followed by bay, grey and dun. Dun horses may have primitive markings, a dorsal stripe and zebra stripes on the legs. Skewbald patterns can occur. The Kathiawari has a concave facial profile, with a broad forehead and short muzzle. The neck and body are proportional and relatively short, while both the head and tail are carried high. Although well-proportioned, many Western breeders consider them to be lacking in bone in the legs. However, soundness is an inherent characteristic of the breed. One of the breed's most distinctive features is its ears, which curve inward to touch and sometimes overlap at the tips. The Kathiawari has the most extremely curved ears of any breed of horse. At some points in the breed's history, breeders focused on the preservation of these curving ears, to the detriment of some other, more important, physical characteristics. Like many desert breeds, the Kathiawari can subsist on minimal rations and water and is more resistant to the heat than breeds developed in colder climates. As well as the usual gaits, the Kathiawari also performs a swift, lateral pace, called the revaal. It is a high-spirited, intelligent and affectionate horse.

The Kathiawari is closely related to the Marwari breed from the Marwar region of Rajasthan, which borders with northern Gujarat. Genetic diversity analysis groups the two breeds, while the other four Indian horse breeds – the Bhutia, the Manipuri, the Spiti and the Zaniskari – form a distinct and separate group. The Kathiawari and the Marwari are also phenotypically similar; in particular, they have the same unusual in-curved ears. The Kathiawari is not as tall as the Marwari, and has a smaller thoracic circumference; it is most commonly chestnut, while the Marwari is usually black. Kathiawaris tend to have slight facial differences from the Marwari. The Kathiawari also resembles the Arab horse, which contributed significantly during the development of the breed.

Use
In the past, the Kathiawari was considered a good cavalry mount. It was used by Maratha cavalry, and later – until the end of the First World War – by the Indian Army. In modern times it is used as a riding horse or as a harness horse. Some are used by Indian police forces, sometimes for tent-pegging, to which the Kathiawari is well suited. In 1995, annual breed shows were hosted by the breed association.

title: Kathiawari horse


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Okean Elzy

Okean Elzy (Океан Ельзи) is a Ukrainian rock band. It was formed in 1994 in Lviv, Ukraine. It is the most famous and successful Ukrainian music band. The band's vocalist and frontman is Svyatoslav Vakarchuk. In April 2007 Okean Elzy received FUZZ Magazine music awards for "Best rock act".

1994–1999
The band Okean Elzy was founded in 1994 by four young men from Lviv; who were former members of the band Klan Tyshi (Клан тиші) which was founded in 1991. The original line-up featured a lead vocal, lead guitar, bass guitar and drums. Throughout 1994 the band spent their time rehearsing.

Their first concert took place in front of the Lviv Opera Theatre on 14 January 1995. Shortly after that appearance they released a demo tape called 'DEMO 94-95'. In 1995 they also participated for the first time in the two biggest (at the time) Ukrainian music festivals - Chervona Ruta and Melodiya, also participated in Is, a personal project of Lviv musician Oleg Sook, performed the song Long time ago.

In 1996 the band establish themselves on the festival circuit in Ukraine and beyond. Okean Elzy participated at Sribna Pidkova Festival, Alternative 2, Perlyny Sezonu, Tavriyski Ihry, Trust Open Air Gernsbach (Germany), Trash 96, and R.F.I. 96 (France).

In 1996 Okean Elzy also held their first concert outside Lviv. Their first appearance in the capital Kyiv took place in 1996 where they supported Deep Purple. In November–December of that year they recorded and released the group's first maxi-single Budynok zi skla ("House of glass"). Shortly afterwards the first movie about the group was made by the TV channel TET and was broadcast nationally.

1997 saw tours in the south of France and in the west of Germany. Back to Ukraine they held a concert in their hometown of Lviv, drawing massive crowds.

The band's big break came in 1998, when they made the decision to move to Kyiv. There they started working on their first album Tam, de nas nema ("There, where we are not"). The group's first music video was recorded for the song "Tam, de nas nema". This video was the first piece of modern Ukrainian music to make its mark on MTV Russia, as well as France's MCM Channel.

At the very beginning of 1999, Okean Elzy started working on their second album Ya na nebi buv ("I was in the sky"). In May the group decided to try to expand their fan base into Russia. Their first concert was at the festival Maxidrom. There were thousands of people there who already knew their songs, with many singing along.

On 16 September they played a solo concert at the MCM Cafe in Paris.

2000–2004
In 2000, exactly one year after they started working on the album, Ya na nebi buv was released.

On 5 February Okean Elzy held a solo concert at the legendary Astoria Club (London). In March the keyboard player joined the band.

In 2001 Okean Elzy became the new face of Pepsi Cola in Ukraine as the new millennium dawned. They released their third album Model. The band launched a big tour around Ukraine called "Ask For More". In August they started working on their fourth album—Supersymetriya ("Supersymmetry"). The album was eventually released in 2003 and immediately the group embarked on their biggest tour ever.

At the end of 2003 Svyatoslav Vakarchuk, as the frontman of the band, became an official Ambassador of Ukrainian Culture.

In 2004 Denys Dudko (Ukrainian jazz bass player) and Miloš Jelić (composer from Novi Sad, Serbia) joined the band.

During the Orange Revolution, Okean Elzy actively supported the democratic changes which the population were demanding, with Slava emerging as a figurehead of the revolution.

2005–present
In 2005 Petro Cherniavsky joined the band.

On September 22, 2005, Okean Elzy released their new album GLORIA. After that the band went on tour (30 cities in Ukraine and 10 in Russia) with an audio crew consisting of Sergey Kamenev, Alexandr Kostin, Yurii Barybin and Vyacheslav Lavrinenko.

In September 2005, Vakarchuk became the UN's Ambassador of Good Will. Also, in September Okean Elzy started a joint campaign with IOM and MTV Europe Foundation, fighting human trafficking. Svyatoslav Vakarchuk, as UN's Ambassador of Goodwill for 2006, held meetings with students at Ukrainian and Polish universities. Vakarchuk is involved in a campaign to support reading. The project's aim is to draw the attention of young people to books and help fight illiteracy.

In November 2006, Okean Elzy visited Kosovo, where musicians had a concert for peacemakers from Ukraine, Poland, Germany, United States and other countries, which included an international contingent of peacemakers.

During the Football World Cup 2006 in Germany, Okean Elzy actively supported the Ukrainian national team and cheered the fans with their songs. The last song of the band called Veseli, brate, chasy nastaly... ("Oh, brother, merry times came...") made a huge splash in Ukraine. The song and the video were released as a single and all profits were donated to the child care center treating AIDS. Charity activities play a major role in OE's life.

In April 2006 OE went on tour, which includes Chicago, New York City and Toronto, where thousands sang along to their songs.

On April 25, 2007, Okean Elzy released a new album, Mira ("Measure"). After that the band went on a huge nationwide tour. During the month they held concerts in 27 Ukrainian cities. All of the concerts were held in large cities, mostly at stadiums and sporting arenas. The concerts were attended by more than 120,000 fans, which set a record for the group. For the two Kyiv concerts, the attendance was about 24,000 total. In the history of Ukraine only Okean Elzy "for the second time" (after the GLORIA tour) gathered so many people in one place in such a short time. In 2010 Okean Elzy went on their Dolce Vita Tour, in support of their latest album Dolce Vita, which included over one hundred concerts in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Europe and North America.

In December 2013 the band performed during the Euromaidan protests.

In 2013, Okean Elzy announced on their website a new album and new tour through Ukraine.

On June 21, 2014, for their 20th anniversary, Okean Elzy performed in front of 70,000 fans in Kyiv at NSC Olimpiyskiy. This concert was the largest in Ukrainian history.

Since the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea the band stopped performing in Russia, being one of the few Ukrainian bands to do so.

In 2016, the most famous Ukrainian rock band Okean Elzy hits the road for a 2- year-long World tour to support its ninth studio album 'Without limits'.

On 24 August 2018 the band gathered around 100,000 fans at its concert at NSC Olimpiyskiy dedicated to Ukraine's independence day.

On 7 March 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Okean Elzy's lead singer Vakarchuk joined the territorial defense battalion of Lviv Oblast.

April 13, 2024 marks the first date of their European tour, starting in Malmö, Sweden, then followed by Gothenburg, Brussels and UK.

Interesting Facts

 * According to Sviatoslav Vakarchuk, Okean Elzy will never take part in competitions, i.e. in events where participants compete for places (for example, "Eurovision"). This principle was adopted by the band at the very beginning, after the disappointment in the music competition "Pearls of the Seasons", where "OE" was in the lead from the beginning until the performance of the last band to win, and "Okean" took only second place.
 * One of the band's first PR managers mentions that in the early days they relied on an audience of 35+ women, as well as children from patriotic families.
 * The themes of the band's songs are heard in the first Ukrainian animated cartoon series "Mykyta the Fox" and in the children's film "Funny Tale".
 * With the song "Children's Land" (together with Alyona Alyona for Children's Day) the band joined the action "This is how memory works", dedicated to the memory of Danylo Didik and all those who gave their lives for the independence of Ukraine.
 * Coldplay performed Obijmy with Sviatoslav Vakarchuk during their Music of the Spheres Tour.

Current members

 * Svyatoslav Vakarchuk—lead vocals (1994–present)
 * Denys Hlinin—drums, percussion (1994–present)
 * Denys Dudko—bass, acoustic guitar, backing vocals (2004–present)
 * Miloš Jelić—piano, synthesizers, backing vocals (2004–present)
 * Vladimir Opsenica—guitars, backing vocals (unofficial 2013–2014; 2014–present)

Former members

 * Yuri Khustochka—bass guitar, backing vocals (1994–2004; one-off shows in 2013 and 2014)
 * Dmytro Shurov—piano, synthesizers, backing vocals (unofficial 2000–2001; 2001–2004; one-off shows in 2013 and 2014)
 * Pavlo Hudimov—guitars, mandolin, backing vocals (1994–2005; one-off shows in 2013 and 2014)
 * Petro Chernyavsky—guitars, backing vocals (2005–2013)

Studio albums

 * Tam, de nas nema (Там, де нас нема - There, Where We Aren't) (1998)
 * Ya Na Nebi Buv (Я на небі був - I Was In Heaven) (2000)
 * Model (Модель) (2001)
 * Supersymetriya (Суперсиметрія - Supersymmetry) (2003)
 * Gloria (2005)
 * Mira (Міра - Measure) (2007)
 * Dolce Vita (2010)
 * Zemlya (Земля - The Land) (2013)
 * НАЙКРАЩЕ (НАЙКРАЩЕ - The Best) (2014)
 * Bez mezh (Без меж - Without Limits) (2016)

Acoustic albums

 * 2003 - Tviy format (Your format)

Singles

 * 1996 - "Budynok zi skla" (“House of glass”)
 * 2002 - "Kholodno" (“It is cold”)
 * 2004 - "Dyakuyu!" (“Thank You!”)
 * 2006 - "Veseli, brate, chasy nastaly..." (“Oh, brother, merry times came...”)
 * 2009 - "Ya tak khochu..." (“I want so much to...”)
 * 2013 - "Obiymy" (“Embrace”)
 * 2015 - "Ne tvoya viyna" (“Not your war”)
 * 2015 - "Zhyttya pochynayet'sya znov" (“Life begins again”)
 * 2015 - "Myt'" (“Moment”)
 * 2016 - "Ne ydy" (“Don't go”)
 * 2017 - "Sonce (Radio edition)" (“Sun” (Radio edition))
 * 2018 - "Bez tebe" (“Without you”)
 * 2018 - "V nebo zhene" (“It hie to the sky”)
 * 2018 - "Skilky nas" (“How many of us”)
 * 2019 - "Choven" (“Boat”)
 * 2019 - "Pereval" (“Pass”; for the soundtrack of “The Rising Hawk”)
 * 2020 - "Koly my stanem soboyu" (“When we will become ourselves”)
 * 2020 - "Obiymy (Remix)" (“Embrace” (Remix))
 * 2020 - "Trymay" (“Hold on”)
 * 2021 - "#Безтебемененема" (“Without you there is no me”)
 * 2021 - “Krayina ditey” (with alyona alyona) («Країна дітей» “Country of children”)
 * 2021 - ″Misto vesny″ (with Odyn v kanoe) («Місто весни» ″City of Spring″)
 * 2021 - “Peremoha” (with KALUSH) («Перемога» “Victory”)
 * 2022 - "Весна" (“Spring”)
 * 2022 - "Misto Marii" (“City of Mary”)
 * 2022 - "Квіти мінних зон" (“Flowers of minefields”)
 * 2022 - "Vesna Mirabeau"
 * 2024 - "Відповідь" ("Answer")
 * 2024 - "Voices Are Rising"

Compilations

 * 2006 - 1221 ("Best of" collection)
 * 2007 - Vybrany... (Selected...)
 * 2010 - The Best Of

Solo projects of Svyatoslav Vakarchuk

 * 2008 - Vnochi (At night)
 * 2011 - Brussel' (Brussels)
 * 2021 - Oranzhereya (Greenhouse)

title: Okean Elzy


text:
Beatty, Oregon

Beatty is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Klamath County, Oregon, United States. Beatty is along Oregon Route 140 at the confluence of the Sycan and Sprague rivers and is 40 mi by highway northeast of Klamath Falls.

Beatty was named for J. L. Beatty, a missionary who lived nearby when the area was in the Klamath Indian Reservation. The post office in Beatty, ZIP code 97621, was established in 1913. Toby "Winema" Riddle is buried near Beatty.

Beatty had a station on the Oregon, California and Eastern Railway, which by 1927 reached from Klamath Falls to Bly. A 1941 timetable lists Beatty as the 13th stop east of Klamath Falls between Sprague River and Sycan. After 1990, the rail line passing near Beatty became part of a rail trail, the OC&E Woods Line State Trail, managed by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department.

Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Beatty has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

title: Beatty, Oregon


text:
User talk:Kinglz

Hi Kinglz, good contributions. What's your background? JFW | T@lk  04:51, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hi, thanks for the comment. I'm just a student with an interest in the sciences (mainly biology) and have done some lab work concerning ER chaperone proteins and toxoids.--Kinglz 21:47, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Message regarding your use of the No Multi License Template
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Delivered by The  Helpful  Bot  at 20:20, 2 June 2009 (UTC) for the Village pump. Report errors here.

title: User talk:Kinglz


text:
Sprague River, Oregon

Sprague River is an unincorporated community in Klamath County, Oregon, United States. It is about 45 mi northeast of Klamath Falls near the Sprague River, northwest of Oregon Route 140.

History
The Sprague River was named for Captain Franklin B. Sprague, who participated in the Snake and Paiute Indian wars, and was in command of Fort Klamath in 1866. His name was applied to the river by 1864, and perhaps earlier. The Klamath name for the stream was Plai or Plaikni Koke. Koke was the generic word for "river" and plai meant the river came from upper or higher country. Sprague River post office, named after the stream, was established September 14, 1923, with Benjamin E. Wolford as the first postmaster. There was an earlier post office named Sprague River farther east and upstream of the current community, at the site of the current town of Bly, Oregon

Sprague River had a station on the Oregon, California and Eastern Railway, which by 1927 reached from Klamath Falls to Bly. A 1941 timetable lists Sprague River as the 12th stop east of Klamath Falls between East Switch Back and Beatty. After 1990, the rail line near Sprague River became part of a rail trail, the OC&E Woods Line State Trail, managed by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department.

At one time there was a sawmill in Sprague River, which shut down in 1943. There was also a box factory.

Climate
Sprague River has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb) according to the Köppen climate classification system.

title: Sprague River, Oregon


text:
User:Adramatic

xy

title: User:Adramatic


text:
User talk:Adramatic

z

title: User talk:Adramatic


text: Category:Psychedelic phenethylamines

title: Category:Psychedelic phenethylamines


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Three Dead Trolls In a Baggie

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page, if it exists; or after the end of this archived section. The result of the debate was Redirect. --Durin 7 July 2005 20:46 (UTC)

Three Dead Trolls In a Baggie

 * Don't look very notable. Prove me wrong and I'll vote keep; otherwise delete. -- Zantastik   talk   04:56, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (see below): I don't know that WP:MUSIC really applies here, as they are not exactly a musical group (but not exactly not a musical group either). They've been in existence for 19 years now though. Here's one link of interest: . According to that, they've released three albums. I don't know what label though. Three albums, depending on label, exceeds WP:MUSIC's #3. Comedy is their forte, not music. >8,000 hits on Google. Seems notable enough to me. --Durin 21:34, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, warranted by 8,350 Google hits. - ulayiti 21:47, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Was not properly listed on the VfD log. Adding to today's log to correct ommission. --Durin 29 June 2005 16:09 (UTC)
 * Nor did it have the correct headline. Now fixed. smoddy 29 June 2005 17:31 (UTC)
 * Well-known in Canadian comedy circles, albeit not quite as recognized as the Arrogant Worms. Keep, even though this is a horrendous article. --Scimitar 29 June 2005 17:43 (UTC)
 * On second thought, Redirect to Three Dead Trolls in a Baggie. --Scimitar 29 June 2005 17:48 (UTC)
 * Redirect as above. Definitely should be kept, notable comedy/novelty-music group. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  June 29, 2005 18:19 (UTC)
 * Whoops! Good catch Scimitar. Redirect as a above. --Durin 29 June 2005 18:32 (UTC)
 * Redirect. --Yamla June 29, 2005 19:21 (UTC)
 * Absolutely well-known. Redirect. DJ Clayworth 29 June 2005 20:51 (UTC)
 * I can't believe no one knows about Three Dead Trolls! Redirect. 23skidoo 29 June 2005 21:17 (UTC)
 * Redirect as per Scimitar. Capitalistroadster 30 June 2005 01:34 (UTC)
 * Redirect as per Scimitar. JamesBurns 30 June 2005 03:25 (UTC)
 * Redirect as per Scimitar. Double Blue  (Talk) 30 June 2005 06:31 (UTC)
 * 'Redirect as above. .:.Jareth.:. babelfish June 30, 2005 16:37 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be placed on a related article talk page, if one exists; in an undeletion request, if it does not; or below this section


text:
Choose the right

"Choose the right" is a saying or motto among members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) that is taught to children and used by members of the church as a reminder to make choices that will help an individual to live righteously. The phrase is taken from an LDS hymn "Choose the Right" by Joseph L. Townsend and Henry A. Tuckett.

History
The letters CTR, a reference to this phrase, are incorporated into a shield logo designed by Joel Holbrook Izatt Margery Cannon and Lurene Wilkinson who were Primary General Board members in the 1960s. In 1970, a church committee headed by Naomi W. Randall recommended that the shield be incorporated into official church material. Since then, both the phrase and symbol have been used in religious educational materials for LDS youth of Primary age. The symbol is also used in LDS culture by members of all ages, both as a reminder of the motto, as well as an indicator of religious affiliation. The CTR initials, displayed on the shield and in other forms, can be seen mainly on CTR rings as well as other types of jewelry, tee shirts, bookmarks and stationery.

According to the US Patent and Trademark Office, the LDS Church's stylized "CTR" abbreviation and shield with the CTR symbol are trademarked for use on finger ring jewelry by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. The phrase "Choose the Right", however, is not trademarked in the United States and may be used by anyone for commercial purposes.

CTR ring
A ring with the letters "CTR" on is often worn by members of the LDS Church as a reminder of the "Choose the Right" motto, and as a symbol of their religious affiliation.

CTR rings were introduced at the same time as the CTR shield in 1970 by Primary general president LaVern W. Parmley after being recommended by a committee chaired by Naomi W. Randall. In connection with the children's Sunday School program, each LDS child in this age group is given an adjustable ring with a green escutcheon bearing the letters "CTR" in silver.

Over the years CTR rings have become popular with both children and adults in the LDS Church. They are now available in a variety of designs in over 30 languages.

title: Choose the right


text:
User talk:Haamerhed

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Longhair | Talk 04:57, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

File:Honda 550Four.jpg
Thank you for uploading this media,

However, it would be nice if you could give some kind of indication as to what license the media is under. That way other people can be confident in making use of it for many varied purposes :)

Adding license information also helps prevent media you've put effort into creating from being deleted :)

You may wish to read Image_copyright_tags which will assist you :) Sfan00 IMG (talk) 10:13, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

File copyright problem with File:Honda 550Four.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Honda 550Four.jpg. However, it currently is missing information on its copyright status. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously. It may be deleted soon, unless we can determine the license and the source of the file. If you know this information, then you can add a copyright tag to the image description page.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their license and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log].

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thanks again for your cooperation. ww2censor (talk) 14:38, 21 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Sorry, you need to use the technical terms: "Free domain" doesn't necessarily mean everything we need, you need to say Public domain. Using the template should work. Sorry we're so officious, but we have to be. --GRuban (talk) 18:59, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:Prepared shrimp.jpg
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Prepared shrimp.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 23:58, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Haamerhed


text:
Medscape

Medscape is a website providing access to medical information for clinicians and medical scientists; the organization also provides continuing education for physicians and other health professionals. It references medical journal articles, Continuing Medical Education (CME), a version of the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database, medical news, and drug information (Medscape Drug Reference, or MDR). At one time Medscape published seven electronic peer reviewed journals.

History
Medscape launched May 22, 1995, by SCP Communications, Inc. under the direction of its CEO Peter Frishauf. The first editor of Medscape was a P.A. named Stephen Smith. In 1999, George D. Lundberg became the editor-in-chief of Medscape. For seventeen years before joining Medscape he served as editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

In September 1999, Medscape, Inc. went public and began trading on NASDAQ under the symbol MSCP. In 2000, Medscape merged with MedicaLogic, Inc., another public company. MedicaLogic filed for bankruptcy within 18 months and sold Medscape to WebMD in December 2001. In 2008, Lundberg was terminated by WebMD. The following year the Medscape Journal of Medicine ceased publishing. In January 2013, Eric Topol was named editor-in-chief of Medscape. The same year, Lundberg returned to Medscape as editor-at-large.

In 2009, WebMD released an iOS application of Medscape, followed by an Android version two years later. In 2015, WebMD launched Medscape CME & Education on iOS. In 2021, Medscape launched Medscape UK to expand their business in United Kingdom.

Criticisms
In 2016 a survey of doctors found WebMD and its sister company Medscape to have incomplete medical information lacking depth and also numerous cases of misinformation on their sites. A study of Medscape and WebMD also found both services to lack neutrality and exhibiting bias potentially based on very high payments (compared to their industry competitors) from the pharmaceutical industry.

Collaboration with the Tobacco Industry
In April 2024, Medscape was strongly criticised for running educational content sponsored by tobacco transnational PMI (Philip Morris International). According to the British Medical Journal "The idea that the lethal and immoral tobacco industry has a role in medical education is absurd.” In response to pressure, Medscape withdrew from the multimillion dollar deal with PMI, which included plans to deliver 13 programmes, called the "PMI Curriculum", as well as podcasts and a TV-like series.

title: Medscape


text:
Regal Petroleum

Regal Petroleum plc is a petroleum company based in London with assets in Romania, Ukraine, Greece, and Egypt. It was founded by Frank Timiş in November 1996, and is listed on the London Alternative Investment Market.

title: Regal Petroleum


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael A. Crosby

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 08:11, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

Michael A. Crosby
Vanity, someone writing an article about himself is not encylopaedic. See this page: I will also be lodging the page that redirects to this one for deletion also. MyNameIsNotBob 04:59, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 07:40, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - presumably vanity, as he doesn't even seem to be listed on the IMDb yet. Note, however, that you don't need to separately list redirects to VFD'd articles on VFD - I've redirected Votes for deletion/Mikal Crosby to here and restored the redirect. If this page is deleted, then the admin who processes it should delete the redirect at the same time, as a matter of course. sjorford →•← 19:14, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. --Etacar11 01:26, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
User:Syynapse/proj

This page is depreciated, go to the quoster wiki for the most up to date quoster .plan
 * current: v1.2.2

v1.0

 * [x]counter
 * [x]meta data
 * [x]specific email account
 * [x]top 150 -> top 100
 * [x]mess with bottom bar
 * [x]move rash ver down
 * [x]approved/pending display
 * [x]write funcs for a/p thing
 * [x]write faq
 * [x]apply bug fixes
 * [x]news deleting
 * [?]cookie probs - no published fix, and honestly i dont even think its a real bug. if we get complaints it will be a diff matter.
 * [x]multi voting
 * changed time between votes to 5000 secs (83.3333... minutes)
 * all done. I cant believe php allows variable setting within the parameters. It's ludacris. Like c for christ sake.
 * [x]char fix - victory! wrote my very own bug fix. im so proud.
 * [x]change func display titles
 * [x]write intro page
 * [x]stretch top image
 * [x]change a number of messages - this will be ongoing methinks major ones are done tho.
 * [x]problems with IE
 * [D]resolve hosting problems
 * [D]go live
 * [D]change admin pass
 * [p]mod accounts (two mods currently.. more in the future)
 * [p]make source/license availible - this is part of GNU conditions
 * [p]readme to go in rar of source
 * on this same note, i've added copyright notices to all the code, so our modifications are there and acknowledged when we post it.
 * [D]dns redirect service/domain registration
 * [D]ftp access

weeee! all done! - New convention for this page: A to do list and a listing of each version with changes made in it, as it is released

numbering: A.B.C.D A-Major B-signifigant C-fixes D-tweaks

v1.0.1 changes

 * [p]make action pages not dead ends ie: after upgrading a quote, having link back to page you were on.
 * easy javascript fix for this
 * [p]display pending/rejected for quotes
 * [p]allow html in news posts

v1.1.1 changes

 * [p]complete rewrite of the way the db works
 * one table for pending and approved quotes
 * still need to update change log + source[done]

v1.1.2 changes
Trivial fixes
 * [p]more pending stuff
 * [p]tell users quote id when they submit it
 * [p]fix html in news editing

v1.2.2 changes

 * added news archive
 * fix for id# with admin add
 * [p]BUG: incorrect id# displayed when quote is added by admin
 * changed ?qotw function to ?faq

=Wish/todo list=
 * []paypal donate
 * []need to setup paypal account for this?
 * []google ads
 * []google search goes with this
 * []background image <-needed?
 * []test alternative browsers, possibly write new code for them
 * []special pages for IE
 * []make a favicon ^___^
 * []move nav bar to side?
 * []log ins
 * we can use OpenID for this?
 * []multi user levels
 * []user pages
 * []icons
 * []diffrent usages of the fields
 * "submitter" field
 * []design changes - need to think about how to make the site nice
 * []log in dialog on side
 * []comments on news posts
 * []host our own wiki
 * []to do list, change log (this page)
 * []user suugestion page
 * []bug list (locked)
 * []create appropriate image for this
 * []modify colors to match our own
 * []image map main bar
 * []BUG: deletion/adding problems if quote is a dupe
 * []diffrent javascript backs

title: User:Syynapse/proj


text:
Commuter Cars Tango

The Commuter Cars Tango is a prototype ultra-narrow electric sports car designed and built by Commuter Cars, an electric car company based in Spokane, Washington.

History
Commuter Cars was founded in Spokane, Washington, by Rick Woodbury and his son Bryan Woodbury in 1998. Bryan Woodbury says that his father had come up with the original idea sometime in the early 1980s. He had learned that 106 million people in the United States were driving to work alone. He came up with the idea for a single-seat electric car. Starting in the 1980s, Woodbury started researching hydrogen power, which lead to fuel cells. The relatively light weight of the fuel cells led to his idea of a stable, narrow vehicle with a low center of gravity. While waiting for fuel cell technology to catch up, he eventually settled on a design for the car to have individual electric motors for each wheel. In his spare time, he worked on building his first car. In 1998, he sold his yacht to fund the company. He settled on a plan to use parts that were already produced, instead of producing every part for the vehicles. Commuter Cars used various parts manufactured for other, more common cars. Among those parts was a safety cage made to NASCAR specifications.

Production of the first of their line of ultra-narrow electric sports cars began with the Tango T600. The company designed a small electric car. They stated that production of the first version, at a rate of about 100 cars per year, was set to begin in late 2005. Actor George Clooney took delivery of the first Tango kit on August 9, 2005, which was a major milestone for the company. Clooney appeared in the press with the car, explaining its features and promoting it. Difficulties with their UK manufacturer forced Commuter Cars to take over manufacturing themselves; for this reason the second vehicle did not ship until February 11, 2008. It was completely assembled in Spokane, Washington. The second car eventually found its way into the second-floor office of Google CEO Eric Schmidt as part of an April Fools' Day joke.

By 2008, Commuter Cars had only produced 10 cars, which sold for an average of $121,000 each. The company generated a significant amount of media interest with the sale to Clooney. However, that initial media attention did not lead to a production deal.

In 2010, the company entered the Progressive Insurance Automotive X Prize in the "Alternative" category. The vehicle entered was a Tango T600 owned by Google founder Sergey Brin, borrowed back for the competition. After passing many of the performance tests with ease, the car failed to complete the 100 mile durability run (one of the complicated set of requirements for the prize) and was eliminated from the competition. The company did not get a production deal with a manufacturer, and by 2014, fewer than 20 cars had been built in the United States.

Throughout the company's history, Commuter Cars has had limited financial resources. Whenever the company did generate a profit, they reinvested the money in research and production capacity for their future vehicles. When the company had sufficient funding during 2007, it employed eight workers and was able to manufacture one car each month.

By 2018, Car and Driver magazine gave the company a 1.1 out of 10 chance of survival.

Overview
The Tango is narrower than some motorcycles and may be small enough to legally ride side-by-side with other small vehicles in traffic lanes in some jurisdictions. Capable of seating two passengers in a tandem seating arrangement, it only takes up one-quarter of a standard parking space and is able to park sideways. One prototype vehicle has been produced by the company and was shipped to Prodrive in the United Kingdom in January 2005, where the design was refined for production models.

Commuter Cars states that the Tango's heavy battery pack and low ground-clearance combine to give it a center-of-mass 11 in from the ground, allowing for stable handling. About two-thirds of the 3000 lb curb weight in the prototype is taken up by the batteries, twin motors, and controller, mounted low in the frame. Commuter Cars states that production models are expected to weigh less, ranging from 2200 to 2500 lb. Propulsion is provided by two electric motors. To extend its range, an optional generator cart can be attached to the Tango.

Recharge
Commuter Cars notes that a dryer outlet will give most of the charge in an hour, or a full charge in less than 3 hours. With a 120-volt outlet, the batteries can fully charge overnight. With a 200-amp off-board charger, the Tango can be charged to 80% in about 10 minutes.

Specifications

 * Width: 39 in
 * Length: 101 in
 * Weight: 3000 lb (claimed)
 * Batteries: 12 V * 19 Hawker Odysseys or 25 Exide Orbital XCDs or Optima Yellow Tops. Lithium-ion battery options available
 * Nominal voltage: 228 V with 19 Hawkers, 300 V with 25 batteries, 250 V with lithium-ion batteries.
 * Charging: 50 A Manzanita Micro on-board charger with Avcon conductive coupling. 200 A off-board charger under development.
 * Motors: 2 Advanced DC Motors DC FB1-4001 9", one driving each rear wheel with claimed 1000 lbft of combined torque at low rpms. 8,000 rpm redline. or 4 motors, one for each wheel, lithium batteries.

 * Performance (claimed)
 * 0 to 60 mph: 3.2 seconds
 * 1/4 mi: 12.25 seconds @ 106 mph
 * Top speed: 150 mph (240 km/h)
 * Range: 40–60 miles (96–128 km) with lead-acid batteries. 150 mi with lithium-ion batteries.
 * 805 hp claimed.

title: Commuter Cars Tango


text:
John McCrea (musician)

John McCrea (born June 25, 1964) is an American singer and musician. He is a founding member of the band Cake. He is the vocalist and primary lyricist for the band, in addition to playing acoustic guitar, vibraslap, and piano. He also programs drums and does mixing work while he and the rest of the band have produced all of their albums.

Biography
McCrea spent most of the 1980s playing in various bands or performing solo. His mid-1980s band John McCrea and the Roughousers recorded the songs "Love You Madly" and "Shadow Stabbing," which were later re-recorded by Cake (both featured on 2001's Comfort Eagle). This band included Michael Urbano (drums), Pete Costello (bass), and Robert Kuhlmann (guitar).

In 1985 or 1986 John McCrea, Joe Snook, Kirk Watson, and Rick Marcroft had a band called the DALAI LAMAS which distributed copies of "Some Songs Demos".

In the late 1980s, McCrea moved to Los Angeles and began playing acoustically in local coffee shops. His first solo release was a double-sided single on vinyl only called Rancho Seco. One side was electric and the other acoustic. The single was a protest song against the now-decommissioned nuclear power plant Rancho Seco built southeast of Sacramento.

McCrea moved back to Sacramento in 1991, forming Cake later that year.

As of 2022, McCrea resides in the Portland, Oregon area.

Vocal style
McCrea's voice has a distinctive "rough-around-the-edges" quality, which is especially evident when he sings in the lower part of his vocal range. He is also known for half-singing, half-speaking lyrics in many of his songs, sometimes in a kind of energetic monotone, such as the hits "The Distance" and "Never There." McCrea also commonly sings with off-beat rhythms and emphasizes the consonants in words instead of the vowels. The single "Perhaps, Perhaps, Perhaps," is a good example of this.

Personal life
McCrea is a vocal activist for various causes, notably global warming, reforestation and world poverty. He frequently uses the band's website and concerts as a platform to increase awareness about these and other issues. He was a member of the board of directors of HeadCount, a non-profit organization that uses music to promote voter registration and participation. He is also a founder of the Content Creators Coalition, a group of musicians and creatives that advocates for the rights of artists.

McCrea either is, or has been, married and has kids as he stated in an interview "To be really honest, I had kids. My wife and I had kids."

Equipment

 * John exclusively plays a Goya GG12 acoustic guitar with under saddle pickup.

Collaborations
He has collaborated with Ben Folds, singing on the track "Fred Jones, Part 2" from 2001's Rockin' the Suburbs and performing the song live with Folds and on Folds' 2002 album Ben Folds Live.

John McCrea contributed vocals to "The Headphonist," a track from Mexican rock band Kinky's 2003 Atlas album.

title: John McCrea (musician)


text:
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text: User talk:69.112.253.33

title: User talk:69.112.253.33


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Bocal

A bocal or crook is a curved, tapered tube, which is an integral part of certain woodwind instruments. These include double reed instruments such as the bassoon, contrabassoon, English horn, and oboe d'amore, as well as the larger recorders. In the double reed instruments, the bocal connects the reed to the rest of the instrument; in the case of larger recorders, the bocal directs air from the player's mouth to the fipple. Bocals can be made from a variety of metals, including nickel silver, brass, sterling silver, or even gold, and are covered at the lower end with a cork sleeve, allowing the bocal to fit tightly in the socket at the top of the instrument. More recently, at least one maker is producing bocals made of hardwood. The reed either fits directly on to the tapered end of the bocal (as with the bassoon) or is tied to a metal tube which fits to the bocal (as with the English horn).

Some low-pitched single reed instruments have crooks that connect the mouthpiece to the neck or connect the neck to the main body of the instrument. The term "crook" can also be used to describe the curve of the neck itself. Examples of low single reed instruments with neck crooks include the baritone saxophone and bass clarinet.

title: Bocal


text:
Talk:Shtrafbat

Till the first injury?
Is it true or a legend that the service in shtrafbat automatically ended with a combat injury (do pervoy krovi). If so, it should be added to the article. Also, I don't get the meaning of the last sentence. : "In fact, it was unnecessary: those who served in penal units were unconditionally under the threat of death penalty." Why would that make zagradotryad unnecessary. Perhaps, it should be stated differently. Thanks! -Irpen 05:06, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * "1st blood": miscommunication; a rather silly idea, I would say, bearing in mind the times. Probaly arisen from the cliches of the application: "I ask to allow me to wash away with my blood my guilt before Motherland", "to purge my guilt with blood", etc. But I will try to double-check. mikka (t)
 * I heard earlier that standard sentence to penal unit for for three months or until the first heroic deed or combat injury. But now I searched a little to confirm and make sure. This is what I found in the first or second yandex link for the string: Штрафбат ранение. From ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ О ШТРАФНЫХ БАТАЛЬОНАХ ДЕЙСТВУЮЩЕЙ АРМИИ Signed by Zhukov on Sept. 26, 1942
 * 1. Штрафные батальоны имеют целью дать возможность лицам среднего и старшего командного, политического и начальствующего состава всех родов войск, провинившимся в нарушении дисциплины по трусости или неустойчивости, кровью искупить свои преступления перед Родиной отважной борьбой с врагом на более трудном участке боевых действий.
 * 9. Лица среднего и старшего командного, политического и начальствующего состава направляются в штрафные батальоны ... на срок от одного до трех месяцев.
 * 13. За неисполнение приказа, членовредительство, побег. с поля боя или попытку перехода к врагу командный и политический состав штрафного батальона обязан применить все меры воздействия вплоть до расстрела на месте.
 * 15. За боевое отличие штрафник может быть освобожден досрочно по представлению командования штрафного батальона, утвержденному Военным Советом фронта. За особо выдающееся боевое отличие штрафник, кроме того, представляется к правительственной награде.
 * 17. Все освобожденные из штрафного батальона восстанавливаются в звании и во всех правах.
 * 18. Штрафники, получившие ранение в бою, считаются отбывшими наказание, восстанавливаются в звании и во всех правах...
 * The link is here (closer to the bottom of the page). Irpen 05:32, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * If it needs to be translated, yes, one of the articles of the order about penal battallions clearly says that servicemen who are injured in combat are given unconditional pardon and are restored in all their rights. No need to make this scarier than it was. This outcome was perceived as tricky only on account of the dangerous nature of the operations shtrafbats executed. All in all, I strongly doubt the truthfulness of the system described in the article (that the true motive behind forming penal battallions was to kill them off as soon as possible, going so far as to send qualified pilots to trigger landmines). As with other layman myths about Soviet military, this suggests that Soviet Army gave completely no thought to strategy, tactics, matters of practicality or the value of human life; were it the case, any military victory would be impossible, less so of the scale the Eastern Front had shown. This is not the question of ideology, but of practicality and common sense. (I've just gone through other criticisms of this article, and agree with all of them.)176.195.61.3 (talk) 03:13, 5 January 2013 (UTC)
 * "Last sentence": What is unclear here? They knew: turning back means execution, without any NKVD. mikka (t) 05:38, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, being killed not for, but during an attempt not to move forward is a stronger threat. I simply don't know whether barrage troops were used or not for penal units but the answer is not obvious to me from the logic. So, if this is a fact, the article should just say so. If this is an analysis, it does not seem fully convinsing. As per this the barrage troops were not used for penal batalions (units for former commanding officers) but were used for penal companies (for the rest). This is all that I could find quickly, I will look for more when I feel competent to contribute for the article. Regards, -Irpen 05:32, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

Dubious phrases
I removed this info for now as suspicious:
 * ...10 years of prison equaled to 3 months of shtrafbat, 5-8 years to 2 months, 5 years or less to 1 month.
 * ...convicts released from prisons and labor camps who volunteered into active military service;

mikka (t) 05:38, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Penal battalion service was very dangerous, and was often used in attempts to break through particularly stubborn enemy defences with human wave attacks. AFAIK Russians did not use human wave attacks during WWII. Germans had enough MG34s to ensure that these types of attacks were doomed to failure.

Pointed it out in the Talk for Rokossovsky, repeating it here. The "bemused Stalin mocking Rokossovsky for missing fingernails in 1941" is quite dubious. From my own experience (a train door took my nail clean off, without hurting the finger itself), traumatically removed fingernails grow back after a couple of months. It appears that this is a myth and an unneccessary "scary story" about Stalinism. Though horrendous things have happened, and the Army Purge is one of them, there's no need to "support" this sentiment with cheap anecdotes. Also, the WHOLE rest of the article is highly dubious, but I leave its critique to qualified historians, since I'm not, and this is a hotly contested topic.176.195.61.3 (talk) 03:13, 5 January 2013 (UTC)

Order 227 only remained in full effect for three months! It's not relevant to this article.
"The holding units [established under Order 227] were in operation for about three months; on 29 October a new order was issued which cancelled them as from November 1942." Generals didn't implement the terms of Order 227 since they perceived it as a waste of their own troops. Hence, the alleged barrier units that were supposed to arrest deserters were more likely to be "posted to keep guard over command posts" or used to divert "less useful manpower [to] menial jobs." Combined with the negative effect it had on morale, the decision to have regular army units self-police was abandoned by the Soviet leadership shortly after it began.

From Anthony Sellas, The Value of Human Life in Soviet Warfare, (NY: Routledge, 1992) p.159.

Of course, the NKVD (as a political security force) systematically arrested deserters in the rear throughout the war. But the army did not waste its own manpower doing so. —Preceding unsigned comment added by TheShadowDawn (talk • contribs) 09:32, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history/Assessment/Tag & Assess 2008
Article reassessed and graded as start class. --dashiellx (talk) 20:17, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

Agreed. Article is currently very misleading, sources are mostly weak (authors with intense personal agendas), and there are almost no primary sources. Article completely overlooks the criteria for being discharged from Strafbat service (3mo service, moderate or heavy wound, or distinction in combat). Also, aside from a single instance (a unit created under orders from a Front commander, not Stalin), there were no cases of the ridiculous penal aircraft detachments. Such men were simply sent to the army penal units. Finally, lack of weaponry was more the exception than the rule; there are recounts of these units being plentifully armed before battle.--128.84.124.198 (talk) 16:28, 3 September 2012 (UTC)

The Dirty Dozen is just fiction
The article claims that the movie " The Dirty Dozen " was a dramatization.In fact, that movie is just a fiction.Agre22 (talk) 02:51, 6 September 2008 (UTC)agre22

Order 227
The para:"Pursuant to Order No. 227, any attempt to retreat without orders, or even a failure to advance was punished by barrier troops ('zagraditel'nye otriady') or "anti-retreat" detachments of the Soviet special organization known as SMERSH (Smert shpionam), Russian for “Death to spies”.[20][21] SMERSH units were used to shoot retreating men serving in penal units should the latter commence a retreat after failing either to advance to secure an objective, or to stop a German attack via counter-attack.[22][23] As a result, with nowhere else to go, the penal battalions usually advanced in a frenzy, running forwards until they were killed by enemy minefields, artillery, or heavy machine-gun fire. If the men survived and achieved their objective, they were rounded up and used again in the next assault.[24]" looks odd. The order 227 did not state that any attempt to retreat automatically lead to conviction to penal units. "Anti-retreat" detachments (in actuality, defensive squads) weren't subordinated to SMERSH, according to the order's text. According to the Order 227, the defensive squads were put "directly behind unstable divisions and require them in case of panic and scattered withdrawals of elements of the divisions to shoot in place panic-mongers and cowards". Nothing was said about penal units in the defensive squads context. Since no full references are provided that support the paragraph I have no opportunity check if the cited sources really contain these statements. In addition, since Suvorov's "evidentary base (or lack thereof), his dubious assertions of facts, have been critiqued devastatingly by Gabriel Gorodetsky in Mif Ledokola"(the quote was taken Teddy J. Uldricks Source: Slavic Review, Vol. 58, No. 3 (Autumn, 1999), pp. 626-643), I am not sure Suvorov to be a reliable source. This my assertion is in concordance with many reputable scholars, such as Derek Watson (Source: Slavic Review, Vol. 59, No. 2 (Summer, 2000), pp. 492), Hugh Ragsdale (Source: Slavic Review, Vol. 59, No. 2 (Summer, 2000), pp. 466), Roger Reese ( Slavic Review, Vol. 59, No. 1 (Spring, 2000), p. 227), Stephen Blank (Russian Review, Vol. 59, No. 2 (Apr., 2000), pp. 310-311), Robin Edmonds (Source: International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 66, No. 4, Seventieth Anniversary Issue (Oct., 1990), p. 812), David M. Glantz (Source: The Journal of Military History, Vol. 55, No. 2 (Apr., 1991), pp. 263-264), Cynthia A. Roberts (Source: Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 47, No. 8 (Dec., 1995), pp. 1293-1326) who agree that Suvorov's writings are based on "virtually no evidentary base" (Cynthia A. Roberts) and cannot be taken seriously. Summarizing all said above, I am intended to remove this paragraph.--Paul Siebert (talk) 05:37, 12 July 2009 (UTC)

Lebed's memoirs.
I removed the statement based on the Lebed's memoirs from the article per discussion there --Paul Siebert (talk) 17:46, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Pop culture references
Off the top of my head, I think 'Inglorious Bastards'(the original) and the game Battlefield: Bad Company follow the story of fictional penal units. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 211.30.20.84 (talk) 07:36, 4 September 2010 (UTC)

what a crap is this?
It seem to me that this whole article is written by some child who watch too much hollywood movies. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.164.35.106 (talk) 17:26, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

'Very well documented that the ussr made people march onto minefields'
And yet we have no evidence of this other than the propaganda claim. Please, I understand that people have very ignorant or biased beliefs, but at least make an EFFORT to make it appear that it has any basis in reality.

0G — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.94.5.235 (talk) 23:07, 1 October 2013 (UTC)

Report
How do I report this page. This page needs serious assessment, because it is clearly very poorly written and full of dubious information. The voice is not academic, like the reference about the good supply of vodka. As this is the very sensitive topic, I urge the admins to take action. Articles like this will discredit Wikipedia, especially for CIS- countries readers, who are very sensitive to WW II history. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.64.93.159 (talk) 12:22, 30 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Admins do not 'police' article content. Content is improved by editors. You can become one. If you have better sources, please contribute. If you see dubious information, please be specific. I removed the 'vodka' and another sentence from dubious source. -No.Altenmann >t 06:06, 31 March 2014 (UTC)

Altenmann, enough with the vandalism.
Just because you don't like what it says, doesn't mean you can just go around removing it.65.209.62.115 (talk) 09:09, 2 August 2015 (UTC)

Just some notes.
"were greatly increased in number by Joseph Stalin in July 1942 via Order No. 227" - I'd say "were first introduced", at least until someone shows me a shtrafbat before the mentioned Order.

"The order... introduced severe punishments, including summary execution, for unauthorized retreats." Very big words. Actually it said - relieve from duties and court-martial any general or officer who ordered a retreat unauthorized. Sure, barrier units were introduced with orders "to shoot cowards", but this part of the article, in the form it is now, is vastly exaggerating and heavily biased.

"In addition to the battalions already serving with Armies..." - please help me against my ignorance. Which battalion, with which Army, when exactly? Who told you of such?

"Положение о штрафных батальонах Действующей армии" - "of November 26, 1942 by Georgiy Zhukov, then a Deputy Commander-in-Chief" - here we can see either a grave mistake or a blatant lie. The mentioned Status was put in force by the Order of Narcom (Minister) of Defence #298 dated September 28, 1942. Needless to say, the Narcom's name was Stalin and not Zhukov.

"Penal companies (штрафная рота, 100 to 150 per unit) were commanded by sergeants (NCOs) and privates." - it is a downright lie. Penal companies were commanded by so called permanent personnel, which included only officers. "Interesting to note is that on paper, the battalion was to be commanded by a Colonel..." - nothing of interest here. Any Detached units were commanded (and still are, by the way) by officers suitable to command next biggest non-Detached unit, in this case, a regiment. A Colonel for the battalion commander, therefore, is quite usual.

"Soviet Gulag labor camp inmates.[citation needed]" - there will be no citation as this is just another lie.

"the death penalty, the standard punishment for Order No. 227" - no punishment was specified with this Order, as I said before, speaking nothing of "standard".

"were eligible for commutation of sentence" - my English is so poor, I don't understand, if that means "were considered as having served the sentence", as it should be?

"They could also theoretically receive military decorations for outstanding service and if released were considered fully rehabilitated" - thank you for the hate-word "theoretically" and the hate-word "if", where "when" should be. If decorated, they were freed immediately and into previous ranks, same with being wounded.

"In reality, the promise of rehabilitation was (in most cases) propaganda" - I demand for me to be shown at least one case when a wounded or decorated person was NOT immediately freed from a penal unit, to prove the propaganda character of this promise. Otherwise I shall consider the phrase as a hateful lie (which it surely is).

"penal infantry battalions were administered and commanded by the feared field units of the NKVD secret police" - just a lie. Sure, they kept an eye on shtrafbats, but NOT administered nor commanded them. By the way, show me "a field unit of the NKVD", I beg you. An op officer for a combat unit, plus a driver, a bodyguard and a secretary - no field units, so sorry.

"treated shtrafniki as a particularly loathsome and dangerous subspecies of cannon fodder" - is it Wikipedia or what?

"hazardous patrols in large groups (reconnaissance-in-force) to determine enemy strength" - drop "hazardous patrols", "разведка боем" means just an attack in force.

"wearing dark, instead of snow camouflage clothing to draw enemy fire away from regular Red Army units).[citation needed]" "sent into battle unarmed, or with sticks to mimic rifles.[citation needed]" - both examples are LIES until HARD proven, and you will see NO citations on them since there are none.

I am growing tired of all that stuff, sorry. The topic is indeed highly sensitive for us. So would you be so kind as to clean it up of all the lies, hate and bias? 77.243.99.35 (talk) 01:42, 23 December 2016 (UTC)twincat

Misleading reference
There is this text: The total number of people convicted to penal units from September 1942 to May 1945 was 422,700. Very few of them were known to have survived the war.

At the end of this is reference [4] to p. 92. of Krivosheev. The implication is that the last sentence is from his book. However, only the number comes from a footnote on this page. There is no mention of the loss rate for penal units, or how many survived the war. In fact as I read Penalty Strike by Pyl'cyn, there are regula reference both to temporaries being released from the penal battalion after being wounded, knocking out tanks, or having served their sentence (usually 2-3 months). What then is a source for this sentence? 142.126.221.96 (talk) 17:51, 11 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shtrafbat


text:
CRLS

CRLS may refer to:

 * Cambridge Rindge and Latin School
 * Cherokee Regional Library System
 * Chestatee Regional Library System
 * Conyers-Rockdale Library System

title: CRLS


text:
Hankyū Itami Line

The Itami Line (伊丹線) is a railway line of Hankyu Railway in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, connecting Tsukaguchi Station in the city of Amagasaki and Itami Station in the city of Itami. It extends 3.1 km.

History
The line opened, electrified at 600 VDC in 1920, and duplicated in 1943. The voltage was raised to 1500 VDC in 1967.

The Itami station building collapsed during the Great Hanshin earthquake in 1995, and a temporary station opened 400m south of the original station three months later while the original station was torn down and rebuilt. A single track was restored to the rebuilt station site in 1998, and dual track service resumed in 1999.

Stations

 * All trains of the Itami Line stop at all four stations (including both ends).
 * All stations are in Hyōgo Prefecture

title: Hankyū Itami Line


text: User talk:67.150.123.25

title: User talk:67.150.123.25


text:
Metron (character)

Metron is a fictional antihero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.

Publication history
Metron first appeared in New Gods #1 (February–March 1971) and was created by Jack Kirby for his Fourth World series. He was based on Leonard Nimoy's portrayal of the Star Trek character Spock and designed as a character who "would frequently change sides (between New Genesis and Apokolips)". The Metrons in Star Trek serve a similar capacity in the episode "Arena", seeking to settle a conflict in their star system by pitting Kirk against the captain of a Gorn ship who attacked a nearby outpost. The single Metron seen on screen vaguely resembles a young male in a silver toga, another visual connection to the "gods of old" and completely disinterested in taking sides.

Fictional character biography
Although he possesses the powers of a god, Metron is typically depicted as a passive observer in the DC Universe rather than an active participant. He wanders in search of greater knowledge beyond his own, riding on his Mobius Chair, which can traverse time and space instantaneously. Metron is of neither New Genesis nor Apokolips, and usually avoids the struggle between the two worlds almost entirely. As he states in New Gods #7, "The Pact": "I have no link with the Old Gods -- or New!! I am something different! Something that was unforeseen!! -- On New Genesis -- or here!!"

Metron invented the "Boom Tube" technology used by the New Gods to teleport vast distances.

In 1989's Legend mini-series, Metron confides in Darkseid about the Anti-Life Equation. Apparently, Metron holds the key to the Anti-Life Equation. However, he is a seeker of knowledge, therefore he will tell no one of his knowledge. In the 1982 DC/Marvel crossover, The Uncanny X-Men and The New Teen Titans, Metron tells Darkseid that Dark Phoenix is a part of the Anti-Life Equation. In the 2007 "Death of the New Gods" miniseries leading into Final Crisis, the Source explains the origin of the Anti-Life Equation to Metron.

Metron helped contact most of Earth's superheroes to gather them during the Zero Hour: Crisis in Time! event. During Extant's return, he fought alongside the Justice Society of America in defeating Extant after he gained control of the omnipotent Worlogog.

In Kurt Busiek's JLA/Avengers miniseries, Metron observes the events in that story, and gives Iron Man a Mother Box to balance the power given to the Justice League by Grandmaster. His main role during the miniseries is to observe and investigate Krona's actions, refusing to deviate from his non-involvement at the end when Krona demanded his aid. At the end, Metron kept guard over the newly formed Cosmic egg.

In the 2005 Mister Miracle miniseries, Metron contacts Shilo Norman (the current Mister Miracle) during a stunt gone wrong, making him aware of the Fourth World. In his first appearance in the book, he looks like he has before, but later he disguises himself as an epileptic man in a wheelchair.

During the events of Death of the New Gods, where the mysterious deaths of the entire Fourth World accelerated, Metron tracked and discovered the mastermind: the Source itself, which has in truth been lurking in the backgrounds for millennia trying to reacquire its original powers and reunite with its other half: the Anti-Life Entity. In true form, Metron sought not to stop the Source, but rather to stand by the Source's side to watch and learn as the Fourth World of the New Gods came to an end.

Eventually, after the death of Mister Miracle at the hands of the Source, Metron grows disgusted and demands his own death. The Source complies, and kills Metron before going to confront Darkseid.

On the first page of Final Crisis #1, an all-silver being appears to Anthro and proclaims, "I am Metron". Later in the issue, Libra sends Doctor Light and Mirror Master to recover a device that resembles Metron's chair. Other characters come to believe that Metron gave fire to mankind through Anthro.

Later, the Mister Miracle version of the character restores Nix Uotan, the fallen Monitor, to his god-like status, solving a Rubik's Cube in 17 moves: one move less than the minimum supposedly required for a human being to crack the cubes, triggering the conclusion of the Final Crisis of Humanity.

Superman later uses the Mobius Chair to gain the precious Element X needed to power up the Miracle Machine enough to restore the Multiverse and undo Darkseid's damage to it. In the new universe, it is revealed that every other denizen of Apokolips and New Genesis, except for Darkseid, is fated to be reborn (including Metron).

Metron appears in a near-death hallucination experienced by Bruce Wayne after his return to the present, encouraging Wayne to resist Darkseid's offer to embrace anti-life by encouraging him to recognize the first truth of Batman: that, despite his claims to the contrary, he has never been alone.

In 2011, The New 52 rebooted the DC universe. Metron consults with Highfather about the various uses of the Lantern rings. About twenty members of the interstellar police force, the Green Lantern Corps confront Highfather and his military forces. They are trying to recover the power ring belonging to the sentient planet Mogo, who needs it to remain sentient and viable. Highfather leaves the matter to his subordinates, who slaughter most of the Lanterns, something Highfather later regretted.

Metron confronts the Anti-Monitor on Earth 3 in an attempt to divert a war between the Anti-Monitor and Darkseid. A conversation between Metron and the Anti-Monitor suggests that he once sat on the Mobius Chair himself before Metron. Metron says that while he is sitting on the Mobius Chair, the Anti-Monitor is unable to hurt him. On the other hand, he is not immune from the attacks of others, as Metron is struck from behind by Grail, Darkseid's Amazonian daughter, presumably leaving him for dead there in the Crime Syndicate's universe.

Despite this, Metron subsequently returns to confront the Justice League and warn them that they should evacuate Earth, as it is impossible to win against the Anti-Monitor and Darkseid. However, Diana uses the Lasso of Truth to make Metron admit that they can find the answers if they take the chair from him, prompting Diana to pull him off the chair and Batman to sit in it, giving him access to all of Metron's accumulated knowledge.

After the Anti-Monitor and Darkseid are destroyed in battle, Metron appears on the moon where he trains Owlman, who now controls the Mobius Chair after Batman separates from it, and warns him not to seek many answers. As Owlman demands to know the secrets of the universe, he and Metron are immediately vaporized in a flash of blue light by a mysterious entity, with only the Mobius Chair left intact and bloody. During the fight between the Justice League and Grail, Batman used Metron's Mobius Chair to learn the Joker's identity. It told him that "there are three", which he later revealed to Hal Jordan.

During the "Dark Nights: Death Metal" storyline, an omniversal being called the Chronicler watches the battle between Perpetua and the Darkest Knight. He then revives Metron who noted that they have similar motives in life, like wanting to observe and save the Multiverse. Metron then allowed Chronicler to look into his mind.

Powers and abilities
Like most of the New Gods, Metron is immune to all diseases, being virtually immortal. His advanced physiology provides superhuman strength and endurance in any physical activity. Metron has demonstrated numerous god-like abilities somewhat inconsistently throughout his history. Metron is a genius who has explored the universe and gained a vast amount of knowledge. Although the New God Himon is his superior at devising scientific theories, Metron surpasses him as a creator of inventions. Metron has also created incredible technological wonders.

Equipment
Metron travels in his flying Mobius Chair, which enables him to travel through time, outer space, and other dimensions. Its tractor beams are powerful enough to carry a planet along behind the chair and can create impenetrable energy walls.

Other versions
In the JLA storyline Rock of Ages, an insane, evil Metron from an alternate future, where he is in service to Darkseid, has taken over Earth and possibly the entire universe. He is defeated when Batman asserts that the sole gap in his knowledge is his ignorance of what it means to be human, prompting him to use his powers to renounce his godhood, allowing Batman to knock him out with a single punch.

In Grant Morrison's Seven Soldiers mega series, Metron is a homeless paraplegic man in a wheelchair, having been cast out of the Fourth World as a result of Darkseid winning the war between Apokolips and New Genesis. He is seen playing chess with the Black Racer, and his wheelchair is sometimes pushed by Orion. While this story takes place in regular continuity, the section where Metron and the other New Gods appear in this state is revealed to have been one in a series of possible worlds experienced by Shilo Norman, and not the actual present.

The miniseries Captain Carrot and the Final Ark features a satirical version of the New Gods, in which they are anthropomorphic canines called the New Dogs. Metron is known as Muttron, and the Mobius Chair is known as the Bark-o-lounger.

Metron causes Kal-El's rocket to divert from Earth to Apokolips in the Elseworld comic Superman: The Dark Side.

Metron appears briefly in the 1982 Marvel/DC crossover special The Uncanny X-Men and The New Teen Titans, wherein the two teams battle Darkseid, Deathstroke and a resurrected Dark Phoenix.

Television

 * Metron makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in the Superman: The Animated Series episode "Apokolips... Now!".
 * Metron appears in Justice League Unlimited, voiced by Daniel Dae Kim.  He attempts to warn Lex Luthor against attempting to resurrect Brainiac, and after Darkseid ends up being resurrected instead, Metron helps Luthor retrieve the Anti-Life Equation to stop him.
 * Metron appears in Young Justice, voiced by Phil LaMarr. This version created the Mother Boxes, possesses additional telekinetic abilities, and maintains the Infinity Vault in the Mobius Dimension.

Film

 * In Justice League: Gods and Monsters, the crippled and apparently paralyzed Lex Luthor (voiced by Jason Isaacs) turns into a version of Metron via Boom Tube technology provided by Wonder Woman.

Video games

 * Metron appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.

Merchandise

 * Metron received an exclusive action figure through Mattel's online DC Universe Signature Series line, which was only available to those who subscribed to the Club Infinite Earths program.

title: Metron (character)