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Der Barbier von Bagdad

Der Barbier von Bagdad (The Barber of Baghdad) is a comic opera in two acts by Peter Cornelius to a German libretto by the composer, based on The Tale of the Tailor and The Barber’s Stories of his Six Brothers in One Thousand and One Nights. The first of three operas by Cornelius, the piece was first performed at the Hoftheater in Weimar on 15 December 1858.

Performance history
Cornelius planned the work as a one-act comedy, but on the advice of Franz Liszt expanded it to two. Franz Liszt later arranged the second overture for orchestra (S.352). Unlike most German comic operas of the period, which have spoken dialogue, Der Barbier von Bagdad is through composed. Cornelius offered the inventive and complex opera as an alternative to the contemporary German opera composers such as Richard Wagner, whose ideological fervor he found overwhelming.

At its first performance the opera was a failure, and it was not played again in the composer's lifetime. The composer's mentor and friend Franz Liszt conducted the premiere. However, political actions by the director of the theater resulted in demonstrations against Liszt and the so-called neo-German school of composition. The opera closed after only one performance, and Liszt resigned his post. Cornelius also left Weimar.

In the late 19th century two versions were made, by the noted Wagnerian conductors Felix Mottl and Hermann Levi. In New York City the work was first played in 1890 by the Metropolitan Opera House Company and in London in 1891. Finally, in June 1904, the original version as composed by Cornelius was again staged in the Weimar Hoftheater, this time to popular approval and critical acclaim.

In the 20th century, the opera was performed infrequently abroad but held its own in German opera companies using the original text, rather than Mottl's or Levi's revisions. It has a minor niche in the operatic repertoire.

Synopsis
The hero, Nureddin, is in love with Margiana, daughter of the Cadi. Bostana, a relative of the Cadi, approving of Nureddin, helps him to woo Margiana by making himself presentable. Abdul Hassan, the barber is summoned, and like his confrère of Seville in Rossini's earlier opera, he adopts the role of co-conspirator in the romance. (Like Rossini's Figaro, he delivers a virtuoso patter aria, "Bin Akademiker". ) Margiana waits for Nureddin in the women's quarters of her father's house. He is proposing to marry her off to a rich friend, but when he leaves, Nureddin enters to woo Margiana. A traditional farcical plot then unfolds, with the barber breaking in, Nureddin hiding in a treasure chest and being carried away by servants, and a happy ending when the Caliph arrives and Nureddin is released and betrothed to Margiana.

Recordings

 * 1939: Leonhardt – Eipperle/Waldenau/Osswald/Ludwig-W/Welitsch/Hann – Koch Schwann (live in Stuttgart)
 * 1951: Keilberth – Schlemm/Roesler/Offermanns/Schock/Schmitt-Walter/Böhme – Gebhardt
 * 1952: Hollreiser – Jurinac/Rössl-Majdan/Majkut/Schock/Poell/Frick – Melodram (live in Vienna, mono)
 * 1956: Leinsdorf – Schwarzkopf/Hoffmann/Unger/Gedda/Prey/Czerwenka – EMI
 * 1957: Matzerath - Helmut Krebs, Benno Kusche, Anneliese Rothenberger, Josef Greindl, Richard Holm & Gisela Litz - Walhall Eternity Series
 * 1973: Hollreiser – Geszty/Schmidt-T/Unger/Kraus-Ad/Weikl/Ridderbusch, Bavarian Radio Chorus and Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra – Eurodisc (live in Munich), Preiser Records, CD Cat: MONO 20035 2CD
 * 1974: Leitner – Donath/Schiml/Peter/Laubenthal/Duesing/Sotin; Kölner Rundfunk-Sinfonie-Orchester und Chor – Profil, CD Cat: PH08037

title: Der Barbier von Bagdad


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User talk:TheSlitheen

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You (Talk) 21:04, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:TheSlitheen


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EAFB

EAFB can refer to:
 * Edwards Air Force Base
 * Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson
 * Ellsworth Air Force Base
 * Elmendorf Field

title: EAFB


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John Hallam

John William Francis Hallam (28 October 1941 – 14 November 2006 ) was a British character actor, who frequently played hard men or military types.

Early life
John Hallam was born, the son of a superintendent at London Docklands, in 1941 in Lisburn, County Antrim, after the family were evacuated to Northern Ireland during the Second World War. On returning to England, he boarded at St Albans School, before starting his working life in a London bank. Despite having a talent for mathematics, he said he was sacked for getting the figures right without being able to explain how he did so. As a result, he ended up selling deckchairs on the South Coast, where he eventually found acting work in repertory theatre.

Stage
After training at RADA (1962–64), Hallam began acting with Laurence Olivier's embryonic National Theatre Company, playing the Stage Door Keeper in Trelawny of the 'Wells' (Old Vic Theatre, 1965). He was seen performing on television for the first time in 1967, in the small role of a watchman when the BBC screened the director Franco Zeffirelli's National Theatre production of Much Ado About Nothing (Old Vic).

Stage roles became infrequent when an unending flow of film and television work followed.

Film
On the big screen, he worked his way up from small roles as an officer in The Charge of the Light Brigade (directed by Tony Richardson, 1968) and a revolting Burpa tribesman in Carry On Up the Khyber (1968) to more substantial roles as Sir Meles of Bohemia in A Walk with Love and Death (the director John Huston's tale of 14th-century romance in France, 1969).

Over the years he appeared in many films including Where's Jack? (1969), The Last Valley, Villain, Nicholas and Alexandra, Murphy's War, and Quest for Love (1971), The Offence, Antony and Cleopatra (1972), Hennessy (1975), Trial by Combat (1976), The Four Feathers (1978), Love and Bullets (1979), Flash Gordon (1980), Dragonslayer (1981), Ivanhoe (1982), Santa Claus: The Movie (1985), When the Whales Came (1989), and the 1985 science-fiction cult film Lifeforce, directed by Tobe Hooper.

He appeared in Agatha Christie’s Miss Marple “4:50 from Paddington” as Cedric Crackenthorple. He also appeared as McTaggart in the director's cut of the 1973 film The Wicker Man. His later film roles included a Baron in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991) and as Mandara in Kull the Conqueror (1997).

Television
In 1973 he played the troubled Dr. Peter Conway in the science fiction series Moonbase 3. Later in the decade he appeared as "uncle" Harry Farmer, a former soldier who is invalided out of the army in the BBC Television First World War drama series, Wings (1977-1978).

Another notable television role was as Thomas Mallen in Catherine Cookson’s adaptation drama series The Mallens (1979).

He also appeared as "Gypsy Joe" in the Minder episode "In", (1982) and in the BBC's television adaptations of two tales from The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, from 1988 until 1990, and later starred as Ali Ben Hassad in the 1998 TV movie The Incredible Adventures of Marco Polo. He also appeared in the show Blackadder (1983 Season 1, Episode 6: The Black Seal) as Sir Wilfred Death.

He had a semi-regular role in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, playing prison inmate Barnsey Barnes, a character that appears as the cellmate of regular character Den Watts (Leslie Grantham) while he is serving time at the fictional Dickens Hill prison. Hallam appeared on the show between 1988 and 1989. In 1989 he appeared in the Doctor Who serial "Ghost Light" appearing as the memorable alien "Light".

Personal life
Hallam married theatrical mask-maker Vicky Brinkworth in 1966, and they had four children together, but divorced in 1992 after twenty-six years of marriage.

Hallam was a cousin of actor Clive Mantle, who is known for playing Mike Barrett in Casualty during the 1990s, and Little John in the 1980s fantasy series Robin of Sherwood.

Hallam’s daughter Nancy is married to former footballer, Ian Wright.

Death
On 14 November 2006, Hallam died of testicular cancer in Clifton, Oxfordshire, England after a brief spell of ill health.

title: John Hallam


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Category:Defunct National Football League teams

This category lists Defunct NFL teams


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User talk:Mdsawyer58

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You (Talk) 21:06, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Mdsawyer58


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Template talk:Book decade

This template has a bug. Look at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1900s_books for an example. The navigation box contains:

 * 20th century books: 190s-1910s-1920s-1930s-1940s-1950s-1960s-1970s-1980s-1990s

Note the "190s", which should be "1900s". --Heron 21:06, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

[P.S. Apart from the bug, I love this template. The ability to browse through wikilinked book titles by year is worthy of a website all by itself. Brilliant!] --Heron 21:09, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Edit request
Please change

to

This will change links to decades like 1900s to link to 1900–1909. --Russ (talk) 17:31, 21 December 2008 (UTC)
 * ✅ Please check the last edit to this page to ensure that is correct. l'aquatique  | ✡ |  talk  20:41, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Template-protected edit request on 18 August 2018
Please remove because the category is already in a works by decade category. Marcocapelle (talk) 09:00, 18 August 2018 (UTC) Marcocapelle (talk) 09:00, 18 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done $\color{blue}\chi$chi (talk) 14:57, 18 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Book decade


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G-sharp minor

G-sharp minor is a minor scale based on G♯, consisting of the pitches G♯, A♯, B, C♯, D♯, E, and F♯. Its key signature has five sharps.

Its relative major is B major. Its parallel major, G-sharp major, is usually replaced by its enharmonic equivalent of A-flat major, since G-sharp major has an F in its key signature, making it impractical to use. A-flat minor, its enharmonic, has seven flats, whereas G-sharp minor only has five sharps; thus G-sharp minor is sometimes used as the parallel minor for A-flat major. (The same enharmonic situation occurs with the keys of D-flat major and C-sharp minor, and in some cases, with the keys of G-flat major and F-sharp minor).

The G-sharp natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The G-sharp harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

Scale degree chords
The scale-degree chords of G-sharp minor are:
 * Tonic – G-sharp minor
 * Supertonic – A-sharp diminished
 * Mediant – B major
 * Subdominant – C-sharp minor
 * Dominant – D-sharp minor
 * Submediant – E major
 * Subtonic – F-sharp major

Music in G-sharp minor
Despite the key rarely being used in orchestral music other than to modulate, it is not entirely uncommon in keyboard music, as in Piano Sonata No. 2 by Alexander Scriabin, who actually seemed to prefer writing in it. Dmitri Shostakovich used the key in the second movement of his 8th String Quartet, and the slow fourth movement of his 8th Symphony is also in this key. If G-sharp minor is used in orchestral music, composers generally write B♭ wind instruments in the enharmonic B-flat minor, rather than A-sharp minor to facilitate reading the music (or A instruments are used instead, giving a transposed key of B minor).

Few symphonies are written in G-sharp minor; among them are Nikolai Myaskovsky's 17th Symphony, Elliot Goldenthal's Symphony in G-sharp minor (2014) and an abandoned work of juvenilia by Marc Blitzstein.

The minuet from the Piano Sonata in E-flat major, Op. 44 ("The Farewell") by Jan Ladislav Dussek is in G-sharp minor.

Frédéric Chopin composed a Polonaise in G-sharp minor, Op. posth., in 1822. His Étude No. 6, the first mazurka from his Op. 33 and his 12th prelude from the 24 Preludes, Op. 28, are in G-sharp minor as well.

Modest Mussorgsky wrote the movements, "Il vecchio castello" (The Old Castle) and "Bydło" (Cattle), from Pictures at an Exhibition in G-sharp minor.

Liszt's "La campanella" from his Grandes études de Paganini is in G-sharp minor.

Alexander Scriabin's Second Piano Sonata "Sonata-Fantasy", Op. 19, is in G-sharp minor.

Maurice Ravel's "Scarbo" from Gaspard de la nuit (1908), is in G-sharp minor.

Sibelius wrote the slow movement of his Third Symphony in G-sharp minor.

Bach also wrote the movements, "Prelude and Fugue No. 18", from both books of The Well-Tempered Clavier which is also in G-sharp minor; both movements from Book 1 end with a Picardy third, utilizing a B-sharp in the final G-sharp major chord.

title: G-sharp minor


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JFFS

The Journaling Flash File System (or JFFS) is a log-structured file system for use on NOR flash memory devices on the Linux operating system. It has been superseded by JFFS2.

Design
Flash memory (specifically NOR flash) must be erased prior to writing. The erase process has several limitations: These constraints combine to produce a profound asymmetry between patterns of read and write access to flash memory. In contrast, magnetic hard disk drives offer nearly symmetrical read and write access: read speed and write speed are nearly identical (as both are constrained by the rate at which the disk spins), it is possible to both read and write small blocks or sectors (typically 512 or 4096 bytes), and there is no practical limit to the number of times magnetic media can be written and rewritten.
 * Erasing is very slow (typically 1–100 ms per erase block, which is 103–105 times slower than reading data from the same region).
 * It is only possible to erase flash in large segments (usually 64 KiB or more), whereas it can be read or written in smaller blocks (often 512 bytes).
 * Flash memory can only be erased a limited number of times (typically 103–106) before it becomes worn out.

Traditional file systems, such as ext2 or FAT which were designed for use on magnetic media typically update their data structures in-place, with data structures like inodes and directories updated on-disk after every modification. This concentrated lack of wear-levelling makes conventional file systems unsuitable for read-write use on flash devices. JFFS enforces wear levelling by treating the flash device as a circular log. All changes to files and directories are written to the tail of the log in nodes. In each node, a header containing metadata is written first, followed by file data, if any. Nodes are chained together with offset pointers in the header. Nodes start out as valid and then become obsolete when a newer version of them is created.

The free space remaining in the file system is the gap between the log's tail and its head. When this runs low, a garbage collector copies valid nodes from the head to the tail and skips obsolete ones, thus reclaiming space.

title: JFFS


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dharma bums(band)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was nomination withdrawn. WP:MUSIC has wide acceptance, and since the subject meets the criteria, the eventual outcome of this discussion would most likely be to keep the article, so I'm closing it early. A и D я 01D TALK  EMAIL  00:07, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Dharma bums(band)
Supposedly a great 1980s band, but "Dharma bums" + "Jeremy Wilson" (singer's name) only gets 73 Google hits. The article mentions the band Perfect Circle, but the band does not have any members of A Perfect Circle. Nevertheless, it doesn't look like a hoax, just band vanity. --Idont Havaname 21:07, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Dharma Bums' allmusic.com entry. I thought that name rang a bell. They released three albums in the late 80s/early 90s. Keep, passes WP:MUSIC. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  21:56, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, thanks for the research Android79. Kappa 23:00, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Changing my vote to keep. I should have done more research.  Delete the listing if you want. --Idont Havaname 23:43, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, change the page title to Dharma Bums (band) and clean up the article. --Idont Havaname 00:00, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Done, done, and... pending. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  00:07, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:Pope Pius XII/Archive 3

Intervention in Democracy and the Civil Order (Continued)
Well, I note that finally you allow reference to Memory and Identity and the criticism of democracy contained therein (according to the newswire) and maybe this is indicative of a change. however the fact remains that you delete and whitewash at every opportunity. Still today you refuse to allow that the Jewish consternation reported on television is allowable. This you delete which puts you at odds with the news editor at Euronews who ensured that the public in Europe were told of this. Of course this is equally not allowed on the relevant Pope's page. The above observations remain relevant – to say that then Hitler was right, even within dialectics, is to invite the observations.

Really I can see nothing further that I need to say: you are not open to the contradiction between Humanae Vitae and co-operation with Nazism nor wish to advise on what should be done. I can only repeat that the present Pope should institute a Court of Enquiry to enable the co-operation to be disclosed. The facts of it are finally admitted in the article so I have achieved something. I can withdraw now saying only read your encyclicals, ye faithful, Dilectissima Nobis and Humanae Vitae, that I regret having to observe your mind and use the terms I did. I think you could leave this open discussion for all to see so people can judge for themselves. Renewed whitewashing will presumably be noticed by someone. A rapid archiving here will signal whitewashing. Flamekeeper 08:20, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Never did I reject a reference to "Memory and Identity" – the book refers to the events of Hitler's "Machtergreifung" – though I doubt the book has raised the debate you claim it has. You’re the first I hear from about such a debate. Is the passage a criticism of democracy? Only in the sense that it critiques democracy. I hope you understand by now that I don't think democracy (here and later used in the current sense of the term) is a bad idea or that other forms of governments are better. Certainly not. I agree with Churchill's famous quote. The question was, can we all lay back and enjoy ourselves because our form of government is democracy? I don't think you'd agree, given your concerns about GWB. And I don't agree either. You might say a democracy is, of all the different forms of government, less prone to tramble on humanity (or the liberties of the Church) and you might be right, but my point (and John Paul's) is, that it is not impossible and that evil remains evil, even if it is democratically voted on. I don't "refuse to allow that the Jewish consternation reported on television" – we had that in Germany too –, though I totally disagree with it, but it should be put in its proper place. "Mem&Ide" has at least some connection to year 1933 and hence to the agents back then, the "abortion row" you quote does not. And we in Europe don't have to be told about it, we have witnessed it ourselves. Who says Hitler was right? I said, if there were (that's subjunctive irrealis) no truth, if there were (s.i.) a truth for me and some other truth for you and still another truth for someone else, then we could not fault him. However, there is truth, as you yourself affirm, though we might disagree about some things. I know many people in this age of psuedo-tolerance doubt this and I hope they will realise their error before they have sawn through the branch on which they are sitting. I am open for the theoretical possibility of a contradiction between the HV principle (or rather Romans 3) and many acts of Church people through history, but we have to observe the facts and come to interpretations "sine irae et studio". We have to look at what really happened and what sources tell us and be very careful. We mustn't take a broad sweep at "co-operation" – that's a really broad term. And we have to consider each case on its own. So by saying that Kaas might be guilty of what you accuse him of, doesn't make Pacelli or Pius XI guilty of it. (Look up Socrates' behaviour at the trial of the generals, Athens 406 B.C.). I can't see where either Pius is guilty of a "formal cooperation with evil" or of breaking Romans 3. But even if they (and it's not the Church) did what you claim in the past, that doesn't take away the Church's responsibility for the present or the present Pope's responsibility to guide his flock as well as he can. Why the court enquiry you demand (except for the beatification proceedings of Pius XII) cannot be, I have explained. BTW I have sent the DN encyclica to my protestant friend and he hasn't found anything about your claims in there. And please stop your false accusations of whitewashing. I'm not whitewashing, but some are blackwashing. The result is another black legend, if that term is familiar to you. Str1977 13:03, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Pope Benedict XVI
Our discussion could now be at an end here as we went further on the BenXVI  Theology page. Theology of Pope Benedict XVI discussion and now the  Pope Benedict XVI discussion hold further questioning  towards a resolution of this history and the  exact governing principles of Church  Law. This need not be archived now  as it will not  probably grow. Flamekeeper

Religious Question
He consecrated the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary in 1942.

What does this mean? Marnanel 03:03, May 25, 2004 (UTC)

This might help: http://www.theotokos.org.uk/pages/fatima/immaculh.html Str1977 18:37, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Relations with Mussolini
The bulk of this write up focuses on his relationship with Germany during WWII. What of Mussolini and Italian Fascists? There is only one reference to Mussolini in the article and The Vatican is, after all, surrounded by Italy. Can someone with the knowledge fill this in? --Discordian 14:29, Apr 5, 2005 (UTC)

Nuremberg Trials and Pope Pius XII
Sir John Wheeler Bennett in his Friends, Enemies and Sovereigns final volume of his autobigraphy , SBN3331811689 notes that  as there was no constitution for  it being a Crime to have assisted Adolf Hitler to power , that consequently  Franz von Papen and Hjalmar Schacht were acquitted. This presumably means that they could not be charged, but that consideration was given to this charge.

 * You're right. Schacht and Papen were acquitted "as charged". Helping Hitler to power was not a crime tried at Nuremberg and I'm not sure that a law court is the place to deal with such things. However, they were convicted during de-nazification.

However as I have noted for some period here on the WP Canonical Law  clearly states that no cleric, such as were Pacelli and Monsignor Ludwig Kass should have interfered in Politics without it expressly being ordered by the Pontiff. The Magisterium or bed-rock law of the Church, however would further base itself on the clear Biblical dictum of thou shalt not do evil to further good found in Romans 3,8.

 * And you refused to tell, what issue of canon law you were referring to, i.e. whether political involvement was prohibited/regulated under the canon law code in force back then. If it was regulated as you state, I guess Kaas had papal permission (that is back in 1919, when he entered politics). Pacelli on the other hand was acting as a representative of the Church, first as nuntius, than as secretary.

The inescapable conclusion is that in this case church law, the injunctions of the Christian Church, are in advance of International Law from both this its inception at the Nuremberg Trials and up to its present draft form of pre-international implementation. At least, I assume this to be the case ...

 * yes, but Church law is not penal law, it mostly works "internally", i.e. appealing to the individual conscience. You cannot apply it as penal law unless you want a "tyranny of virtue" à la Robespierre.

However the second conclusion is that the church, to which von Papen and Kaas  adhered , headed at present by Pope Benedict XVI  ,in order to claim the rightful moral leadership which our common understanding of Jesus would like to allow , shall  have to institute its own clarification  upon this issue.

 * The Church (according to faith) acts as representative of Christ. She bases her claims neither on the clarifications you demand, nor on a supposed impeccable status of all her members.

As with the Nuremberg trials, the defense that a judge may not try himself or his own case , should not excuse this present Pontiff from this clarification. He shall need to define the case, clarifying the canonical laws which have here , by means of my discussions, determined the automatic nature of the penalty for all those personally involved (Pope Pius XI,Pope Pius XII, von  Papen  and  Monsignor Ludwig Kaas ) before then de-sanctifying the remains of the former two (and possibly Kaas). I have been called impius for asking that the church adhere to its own clear law in this matter.

 * The Church is not here to issue condemnations, but if you want clarifications please address your request directly to the Pope and not to Wikipedia. I doubt the Pope reads Wikipedia.
 * Yes it is impious to call for a removal of someone from his grave and you still have to cite canon law for the provision that this must be done (Pope Formsosus will not do).

I deny this most strongly and assert that my wish is no more than to bolster a firm conception of international legality. My showing the superiority of the Magisterium over the United Nations drafting ,proves that I act in complete impartiality .Famekeeper 12:54, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I reiterate: Church law is not penal law, it mostly works "internally", i.e. appealing to the individual conscience. You cannot apply it as penal law unless you want a "tyranny of virtue" à la Robespierre.
 * Apart from that, I guess, such a move would be called "fundamentalism" or "interference in the public order" by many people.
 * But I'd applaud any move of any state of bringing legislation more in line with natural law.
 * Str1977 30 June 2005 10:32 (UTC)

YOU say this, but after  I have quoted the canonical texts  and left their link/provenance  (which are now  showing under 'canonical' on Hitler's pope discussion page ). It would appear that on the contrary the church is well equipped  to avail of  her own procedures in this regard and that the repair of a scandal is indeed  legislated for. I fear that, again, all your denials of the cited historians are at variance with their historical interpretation. These have been quoted already and are in the archives that you have built. If these archives had not been created  the quotations  would have been easier for you to have re-read. I shall search now for the year of the insertion of the political bar in canonical law, and if it is in the later modernised law, then  it would have been drafted by the self-same Eugenio Pacelli. I note, sir ,that you are very apt to require such clinching definitions and qualifications, all the while sundering the import and the clarity  under the arguments over dates, pages and texts. It would appear ,as I have previously noted,  the intention is that of defence. I find this absolutely natural but I have also pointed out to you that faith-led (ie wishful) defence  should realise that the gravity  of the matter  is such that the greatest danger to the church comes not from admission, but from denial. I regret to note that since you represented in your argumentation hitherto and throughout, an  increasingly  defensive 'church ' posture , that any tough  criticisms or qualifications of that institution became increasingly applicable to yourself as their advocate. As such criticism appears historically and canonically (if not penally) justified, you  yourself took what was initially purely directed towards the institution  as personal towards you (see Str 1977 ) , even as I slipped into addressing your defence similarly.

In answer to the fundamentalism, for the while , I shall simply note that  ,daily ,the necessity  for truth (and reconciliation) becomes more urgent and that on the contrary conscience is become and ever was , a central force  in social affairs. That I do not and have never simplified this historic affair of complicity down to the penal. To the ecclesiastical, yes , because the Holy See cannot deny its own precepts and laws. I have merely suggested that the application of such laws could be of interest to the wider world. Sir, if it pains you to answer on behalf of your church, let another arise and answer , call to your superior now , as I feel sure you can , and ask that you be relieved. Send to these matters the requisite churchman of church law. My intention is to show the truth to the world and to up-end what are effective lies and propaganda. I welcome your ripostes however  and especially am glad that you yourself are directing this intercourse towards the  first revolution. We have further to advance ,and this will strengthen rather than diminuish the relevance of 1933 to the events and forces of the present day .Famekeeper 8 July 2005 07:39 (UTC)

Present Day Vatican Federal Trial
The suit referred to is being brought by Bill Dorich through a law firm.

Request for Comments?
A Request for Comments directed me to this talk page as well as a few other pages.

It is not entirely clear to me without going through multiple archives what the original issue was. It does appear that the discussion on this page is getting rather tense. Can we please stay civil and remember the rules of Wikiquette?

Robert McClenon 14:49, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

One more request for a summary
Famekeeper appears to be saying that he has tried to present a solidly proven argument that the Roman Catholic Church engaged in some sort of conspiracy with Adolf Hitler to defeat communism that in turn resulted in the Holocaust, for which the Catholic Church is morally guilty. He has been saying for some time that arbitration is required about the truth. Famekeeper appears to have been saying that Str1977 has been engaging in censorship by deleting his statements of sourced fact.

If this case does go to Wikipedia arbitration, then one of the requirements of the Arbitration Committee is that each of the principals should provide a statement, not longer than 500 words, of what their case is.

I have several times asked Famekeeper for that summary, in particular with focus to facts that have been deleted, or on POV presented by sourced scholars as POV that has been deleted. I have not yet seen a summary of less than 500 words of what User:Famekeeper thinks is the substance of the censorship.

I agree that there are differing points of view as to how moral responsibility for the Holocaust should be distributed. I am asking Famekeeper to summarize, in less than 500 words, why he claims that the Catholic Church was guilty of collusion with Hitler.

I agree with Famekeeper that the arguments for moral complicity by Ludwig Kaas, the Centre Party (Germany), and Pope Pius XII should be presented as points of view held by some scholars. I disagree with any claim that there has been proof of moral complicity. A statement as to these points of view should be written. I do not think that it can be written by Famekeeper, who does not understand the difficult concept of NPOV. Can he at least present a summary of what his case is? If not, can he at least state briefly what the censorship is?

This is one more request for a summary of less than 500 words, having to do either with how the complicity can be proved, or with other scholars who have presented cases of complicity. Robert McClenon 02:52, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * You don't agree with me at all : You accuuse me of POV-pushing, or you don't...You wouldnt know whether there has or has not been any proof of moral complicity  because you  have not read the relevant discourse. If you had you wouldn't ask . I find your attitude one of biased innuendo . You say I cannot understand NPOV  but you spend your whole time in this  defending biased  editing . I have not been removing relevant scholars all the way thru . Listen ...you say I am not capable of doing something-only the most difficult thing history can require, then you order me to do it . I hardly think you have ever displayed  good faith towards me , and your  back-tracking now is visible . I should like an apology , and I shall consider whether I shall use the WP as organ or not . I think you require this  concision because you  wish to avail of the case for defensive purposes . I will wait until this is demanded by some more neutral observers, so why don't you get up a vote : should FK be forced to summarize  his own sourced argumentation under insult by McClenon and Str1977 , or after an apology  for your inuendo of today ? Or before or after a withdrawal of the unjust Rfc against Famekeeper?

 * As fas as I can see you are trying either to obtain advance info of the real canonical case- for vatican defensive purpose, or else, you are now blustering to cover your inconsistancy with your Rfc accusations . From it being me 'pushing my POV', it's now FK is a silly  man who can't distinguish between POV and NPOV anyway , can't write  , but yet must be asked to summarize that which he has spent months of writing trying in good faith to justify .  For whom , you ? I don't see that you are neutral at all , McC. I think it may be best to await the arbitrators, I can get my 500 words together  at home, so to say . And you ,vaticanitos ,  can sweat . PS  you will find one article's history of massage/censorship at Pope Pius XII , also beside your anti-FK  innuendo at Ludwig Kaas talk .Famekeeper 18:45, 5 August 2005 (UTC)Famekeeper 17:10, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Censorship/massage (Pope Pius XII)
As requested, an example fron just one of many pages of |Str1977 censorship/massage for the vatican , and against right thinking free-speech sources etc. This is not for str to lengthen now, he can do that under his arbitration space.

29 March : 199.106.94.229 rem's large sections.Only reg'd action by anons 4 hits
 * wasn't me.

0906 20 April: First hit by Str as 24.91.139.250

Again, this wasn't me. (though he's right)

01.39 4 may. Str rem secret clause, christ dictator=rship, danger to democ'y etc (JPII topicality)

 * Yes, that was me and I can clearly stand by this edit. What I removed was either unsourced, misleading or just plain wrong.

01.53 " Str massages, 'not explicit enough'

 * I agree this change was wrong, as the sentence talked about "fiercely condemned by the press today" and they condemn him for not speaking out. Of course, the truth is different since he did speak out. Hence my mistake.

02.08 " 1) Sts incl Dutch reprisals . 2) rem Chief rabbi conversion, 3) rem 300,000 saved

 * 1) I included a historical fact and one that is unquestionably important, what's wrong about that.
 * alleged edits 2) and 3) do not exist

02.27 " Str rem. dangers Lib Parliamentary Democ'y(JPII Euronews etc)

 * No, I did not remove. I remplaced "who cites it as an example of the dangers associated with Liberal Parliamentary Democracy." with "who cites it as an example of the dangers present even in a Democracy" - because that's what the late Pope wrote in his book. He says that not only dictators can do wrong, democracies can do wrong too. Democracy is no foolproof safeguard.

07.22 Anon only edit on WP rem. Hochluth play as spam

 * Wasn't me. Granted I despise the whole work of Hochhuth (please learn how to spell!) because of his untruthfulness, his slander, his condoning of assassinations and also dislike his selfrighteousness and his chummy-ness with one David Irving, but I did not remove this. In fact, I think a mentioning of Hochhuth's slanderous play is actually on-topic and not spam, though the play is spam (no not spam, spam can be eaten).

08.49 " Str rem. 'farce' of Pius XII bodily remains

 * Im removed one paragraph that didn't provide any useful information and was written in a gloating, mocking language. No need to gloat over a dead man's corpse, even if you dislike him.

08.51 " Str rem, Croatia pic

 * Because "pictures don't tell the tale" - it was anti-catholic propaganda

08.57 " Str rem. link to article

 * yes, dead link

09.01 " Str rem Freespeechorg link

 * another dead link

22.27 " FK rev 'Christ. Dict.'(prev sourcing Wiesenthal Timeline, not accepted, error:was Humanitas)

 * no unsourced or rather wrongly (!!) sourced to encyclica "Dilectissima nobis", a document relating not to Germany or dictatorship but to the Spanish government and their violation of human rights (religious freedom, property etc)

22.28 " FK replaces JPII controv.

 * no, FK did nothing of the kind

23.05 " str rem. Christ Dictatorship  Encyclical

 * removed wrong things again: unsourced "christian dictatorship" and alleged "countering separation of ...", would have been an euphemism for opression of religious freedom

23.07 " Str rem. Centre & policy of Vatican re same ,

 * removed unfounded, untrue, unsourced claims about alleged Vatican policies

5 May ,Sam Spade highlights Christ Dict (Dilectissima Nobis), Str alludes to  yr 1667

 * no, Sam Spade wikilinks to a yet to be written entry on that document - no allusion to anythin by me (or anyone else - what article are you reading?)

01.36 10 may FK repl. 'danger to democ'y-JPII

 * yes, one of the world wide famous "Critics say..." quotes

22.58 " Str rem danger controv

 * Removed this because I disputed (and still dispute) that this questions "have re-surfaced becaise of the moves toward canonisation for Pope Pius XII, and recent reference to the Enabling Act in the book" FK obviously thinks otherwise, and hence:

23.12 " FK rv

01.26 " 11 may Str rv's, moves 2 pics positions

Yes, no problem with that, or do you? Or do you ?? (and the time is 7.26)

10.29 " FK rv's, Anon  also rv's pics

 * - it's 11 May by now!

23.13 " Str rem. 'Jewish anger'(euronews)

 * as I said the sentence "maybe, but off-topic", since this was about the enabling act and not the holocaust or abortion (and remember this about P12 and not JP2)

05.53 " ret,. Croatia link/pic adds J. Cornwell link

 * Revision as of 05:33, 16 May 2005, User: 24.60.129.139
 * for qualification of the first link see above, the second link is from the same website but it is the same link that has already been included further down

22.18 " Str adds POV apparition(POVfaith etc)

 * unneeded disclaimer - some people don't believe in such things and will not after reading this. Also the apparitions are fact, but what they actually are, that's POV.

00.56 17? May Str rem. pic PXII in Berlin by rv of positions of the 2 pics

 * Date is the 19 May (why can't you look it uo correctly ?)
 * I moved the Berlin picture to the section that covers his stint as nuncio during which the picture was made. Hence it belongs there (and if you disagree I can only speculate about the motives, it's sme..). And I deleted the redundant second display of the same picture.

16.29 19 May Str distracts

There's no edit at 16.29 - and nothing spectacular near the time.

16.32 " Str rem. Humanae Vitae (not FK's)

 * yes, I just straigthened the paragraph - the issue was disobedience to "Birth control" ruling - that's still in there, as it should - not need to shout about this.

17.24 ?  Anon  as before 24.170.40.179 repl. Rabbi conversion, saving of 300, 000 of Jews

 * It's 3 August by now
 * again not me - though the edit is valid - why should it be excluded

18.11 31 July Str rv's user DieWiebeRose

 * there's no edit on 31 July
 * Str1977 20:37, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pope Pius XII/Archive 3


text:
USS Sepulga

Fleetco, a Patoka-class oiler Replenishment oiler built by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Virginia, for the United States Shipping Board (E.F.C. 1639), was launched on 21 April 1920; transferred to the Navy by Executive Order on 17 October 1921; renamed USS Sepulga (AO-20) on 2 November 1921; delivered to the Navy at Mare Island, California, on 13 December 1921.

Service history
Commissioned on 13 January 1922, Sepulga was decommissioned on 15 April 1922, and laid up at Mare Island for the next 18 years. She was re-commissioned on 5 February 1940 and in March, she commenced operations for the Naval Transportation Service. Based at San Pedro, she carried fuel, general cargo, and passengers from the west coast to Guam, the Philippines, Wake Island, Midway, and Hawaii during the remaining months of peace in the Pacific. On 7 December, she was en route from San Pedro to Pearl Harbor. At mid-month, she arrived in Hawaii, where she delivered fuel to carriers USS Lexington (CV-2), USS Saratoga (CV-3), and USS Enterprise (CV-6). On 3 January 1942, she sailed for California to take on cargo and fuel for the Society Islands.

Upon arriving at Bora Bora on 18 February, she fueled merchant and Allied naval ships through March; then sailed for San Pedro. By mid-May, she resumed fueling duties at Bora Bora and continued them until 16 July when she again sailed for the west coast.

After reaching San Pedro on 5 August, she again departed her California base on the 24th and headed north to Dutch Harbor in the Aleutians where she dispensed petroleum products into the fall, interrupting those duties only for runs to the Seattle area to refill her tanks.

In January 1944, Sepulga returned to the Central Pacific. Temporarily assigned to ServRon 4, she arrived at Funafuti on the 15th; took on Navy and Marine passengers; and, on the 23d, got underway for Kwajalein. Arriving on 4 March, she provided fuel and water to fleet units at that atoll. Later reassigned to ServRon 10, she remained at Kwajalein into June; then moved to Eniwetok to provide similar services, to serve as receiving ship for passengers in transit, and to act as headquarters for the fuel section of her squadron. In October 1944, she proceeded to Ulithi where she served as station ship and headquarters ship through the end of the war.

On 4 November 1945, the World War I-designed oiler got underway for the United States and inactivation. Arriving at San Francisco on 29 November, she was decommissioned on 1 March 1946; struck from the Navy List on 20 March; transferred to the Maritime Commission on 1 July; and sold, for scrapping, to the National Metal and Steel Corp., on 10 December.

title: USS Sepulga


text:
File:Book-auctioneer.png

An auctioneer of the books left over from a condemned doctor's hanging, circa 1700, in Moorfields, London.

title: File:Book-auctioneer.png


text:
Elephant goad

The elephant goad, bullhook, or ankusha is a tool employed by mahout in the handling and training of elephants. The pointed tip of an elephant goad or a bullhook could be used to stab the elephant's head if the elephant charged nearby people, risking injury or death to the rider and bystanders. The elephant goad consists of a hook (usually bronze or steel) which is attached to a 60 - 90 cm handle, ending in a tapered end.

A relief at Sanchi and a fresco at the Ajanta Caves depict a three-person crew on the war elephant, the driver with an elephant goad, what appears to be a noble warrior behind the driver and another attendant on the posterior of the elephant.

Nossov and Dennis (2008: p. 19) report that two perfectly preserved elephant goads were recovered from an archaeological site at Taxila and are dated from 3rd century BCE to the 1st century CE according to Marshall. The larger of the two is 65 cm long.

Nossov and Dennis (2008: p. 16) state: An ankusha, a sharpened goad with a pointed hook, was the main tool for managing an elephant. The ankusha first appeared in India in the 6th-5th century BC and has been used ever since, not only there, but wherever elephants served man.

Fabrication and construction
The handle can be made of any material, from wood to ivory, depending on the wealth and opulence of the owner. Contemporary bullhooks which are used for animal handling generally have handles made of fibreglass, metal, plastic, or wood.

The elephant goad is found in armouries and temples all across India, where elephants march in religious processions and perform in various civil capacities. They are often quite ornate, being decorated with gemstones and engravings to be appropriate for the ceremonies in which they are used.

Iconography

The elephant goad is a polysemic iconographic ritual tool in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism, in the inclusive rubric of Indian religions.

The elephant has appeared in cultures across the world. They are a symbol of wisdom in Asian cultures and are famed for their memory and intelligence, where they are thought to be on par with cetaceans and hominids. Aristotle once said the elephant was "the beast which passeth all others in wit and mind". The word "elephant" has its origins in the Greek ἐλέφας, meaning "ivory" or "elephant".

In iconography and ceremonial ritual tools, the elephant goad is often included in a hybridized tool, for example one that includes elements of Vajrakila, 'hooked knife' or 'skin flail' (Tibetan: gri-gug, Sanskrit: kartika), Vajra and Axe, as well as the goad functionality for example. Ritual ankusha were often finely wrought of precious metals and even fabricated from ivory, often encrusted with jewels. In Indian religions, the goad/ankusha and rope 'noose/snare/lasso' (Sanskrit: Pāśa) are traditionally paired as tools of subjugation.

Hinduism
In the Hinduism, an elephant goad is one of the eight auspicious objects known as Ashtamangala and certain other religions of the Indian subcontinent. A goad is also an attribute of many Hindu gods, especially Tripura Sundari & Ganesha.

Buddhism
Wallace and Goleman (2006: p. 79) discuss 'śamatha' (Sanskrit), mindfulness and introspection which they tie to metacognition: Throughout Buddhist literature, the training in shamatha is often likened to training a wild elephant, and the two primary instruments for this are the tether of mindfulness and the goad of introspection.

Rowlands (2001: p. 124) in discussing consciousness and its self-conscious, self-reflexive quality of apperception states that: The most significant aspect of consciousness, I shall try to show, is its structure, its hybrid character. Consciousness can be both act and object of experience. Using the somewhat metaphorical notion of directing, we might say that consciousness is not only the directing of awareness but can be that upon which awareness is directed. Consciousness is not only the act of conscious experience, it can be experience's object. [italics preserved from original]

In the above quotation the metaphor of 'directing' is employed. In 'directing' consciousness or the mind to introspectively apperceive the directive forded by the goad is key.

Tattvasamgraha Tantra
In the Tattvasamgraha tantra (c 7th century), one of the most important tantras of the Buddhist Yoga Tantra Class, the ankusha figures in the visualization of one of the retinue. This tantra explains the process of the visualization of the Vajradhatu Mandala, which is one of the most visually stylized of Buddhist mandalas. The Ankusha is the symbolic attribute for the visualization of the Bodhisattva Vajraraja, an emanation within the retinue of Vajradhatu. This visualization is treated in Tachikawa (c2000: p. 237).

Literature
In Rudyard Kipling's Second Jungle Book story "The King's Ankus", Mowgli finds the magnificently-jeweled elephant goad of the title in a hidden treasure chamber. Not realizing the value men place on jewels, he later casually discards it in the jungle, unwittingly leading to a chain of greed and murder amongst those who find it after him. A jeweled goad also appears in the 1942 film adaptation Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Book.

title: Elephant goad


text:
Millennium Bridge (Dublin)

The Millennium Bridge is a pedestrian bridge spanning the River Liffey in Dublin, Ireland, joining Eustace Street in Temple Bar to the north quays.

The bridge was installed in December 1999 to commemorate the approaching new millennium in 2000. It was prefabricated in Carlow, 80 km from Dublin, as a portal frame structure made up of a slender steel truss and resting on reinforced concrete haunches.

The bridge was designed by Howley Harrington Architects, with Price & Myers as consulting engineers. The concrete base and steel structure for the bridge were provided by two firms from Carlow: Formwork 2000+ and Thompson Engineering respectively.

The Millennium Bridge is neighbour to the much older pedestrian Ha'penny Bridge to the east, and Grattan Bridge to the west. Bloom Lane is to the north.

title: Millennium Bridge (Dublin)


text:
User talk:Avires

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You (Talk) 21:10, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Avires


text:
Casanova's Homecoming

Casanova's Homecoming is an opera in three acts by Dominick Argento to an English libretto by the composer, based in part on Giacomo Casanova's memoir. It was first performed by the Minnesota Opera in Saint Paul, Minnesota, in 1985.

The opera has set numbers with recitative and spoken dialog. It is set in Venice in 1774.

Discography

 * D. Brown; Jacoby, 2001 [live] Newport Classic

title: Casanova's Homecoming


text:
Minnesota's congressional districts

Minnesota is currently divided into eight congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. After the 2020 census, the number of Minnesota's seats remained unchanged.

Minnesota statutes do not require candidates for the United States House of Representatives to reside in the district in which they run for office, but candidates must be inhabitants of the state at the time of the election.

Current districts and representatives
List of members of the United States House delegation from Minnesota, their terms, their district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has a total of eight members, consisting of four Democrats and four Republicans.

Historical and present district boundaries
Table of United States congressional district boundary maps in the State of Minnesota, presented chronologically. All redistricting events that took place in Minnesota between 1973 and 2013 are shown.

Districts
Congressional districts are also used to ensure regional representation on other government bodies within the state. The following entities are required by state statute to have at least one member from each congressional district:

 * The Minnesota Court of Appeals (based on a judge's place of residence for a minimum of one year upon initial appointment or election).
 * The Board of Regents of the University of Minnesota.
 * The Minnesota State Colleges and Universities System Board of Trustees.
 * The state Board of Invention.

Minnesota currently has eight congressional districts. There were 9th and 10th districts but they were eliminated in 1963 and 1933 respectively. Redistricting is done every 10 years to reflect population shifts within the United States.

 * Minnesota's 9th congressional district: 1903–1933, 1935–1963 (obsolete since the 1960 census)
 * Minnesota's 10th congressional district: 1915–1933 (obsolete since the 1930 census)

title: Minnesota's congressional districts


text:
Talk:Grace Thaxton

Untitled
Although Grace Thaxton is a real person, there is no evidence to support the claims of Witchcraft. This article needs to cleaned up or removed.

I don`t think so!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

title: Talk:Grace Thaxton


text:
Ricardo Bochini

Ricardo Enrique Bochini (born 25 January 1954) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He is nicknamed El Bocha. He spent his nearly twenty-year professional career at club Independiente, becoming one of the most emblematic players and the greatest idol in the history of the club. Bochini was a childhood idol of Argentine iconic footballer Diego Maradona.

In addition to winning the 1986 FIFA World Cup with the Argentina national team, Bochini won a total of 13 titles with Independiente – four Primera División championships and nine international competitions.

Club career
As a boy, Bochini was wanted by Campana's club Villa Dálmine, but started playing football for Belgrano, a local club from his home city. At the age of 15, he went to Buenos Aires with his father to try to join San Lorenzo and later Boca Juniors. He was eventually accepted into the youth system of Independiente in 1971.

He made his professional debut in the Argentine Primera División on 25 June 1972, when Independiente's coach, Pedro Dellacha sent him onto the field in the 74th minute of a match that they lost 1–0 to River Plate.

"On Saturday morning (the day prior to the match) I walked over [to] the senior squad's dress room and saw my name written on the chalkboard. I was cited for the match v. River Plate. I could not believe that, sincerely. I had always dreamed about my debut in Primera, but I was still very young."

By that time Independiente had already won the 1972 Copa Libertadores, which allowed them to play the Intercontinental Cup that same year but Bochini was not part of the team that lost the tie to Ajax. He gained more participation the following year and was an important member of the team, alongside Daniel Bertoni. The team won the 1973 Copa Libertadores and the 1973 Intercontinental Cup; Bochini scored the only goal in the latter against Juventus.

The club managed to defend the Copa Libertadores title in 1974. São Paulo had won the first match of the final at Pacaembu stadium and Independiente the second one at their stadium (Bochini scored the first goal). The final had to go to a third match at the national stadium of Chile, where Ricardo Pavoni scored the only goal.

Independiente was to play the Intercontinental Cup in 1974 and 1975 against Bayern Munich but the German club declined both times. Atlético de Madrid, the 1973–74 European Cup's runners-up, played instead in 1974 and won the title. The Intercontinental Cup was not held in 1975.

In 1975 Bochini was conscripted into Military service and managed to also play football, but was not able to perform as well as desired. Nevertheless, he also won the 1975 Copa Libertadores with Independiente. It was Bochini's third title in a row and the club's fourth, being the only club to achieve this so far.

Bochini was also part of the team that won the Copa Interamericana in 1974 and 1975 against Municipal and Atlético Español respectively.

After finishing in the second position of the Metropolitano Championship in 1977, Bochini won his first national championship with Independiente that same year. He scored the last goal in the final against Talleres de Córdoba that gave them the title.

Bochini repeated the title with Independiente in 1978 winning the final against River Plate. After four years without any trophies, Independiente signed Jorge Burruchaga and José Percudani, who formed a celebrated attack with Bochini that helped the team win the 1983 Metropolitano Championship, the 1984 Copa Libertadores and the 1984 Intercontinental Cup against Liverpool.

At the end of his career, Bochini won the 1988–89 Argentine Primera División, this being his last title.

On 5 May 1991, Bochini played his last professional match against Estudiantes. He played a total of 634 league matches, scoring 97 goals. He is the player with the most appearances in the Argentine Primera División after goalkeeper Hugo Gatti, who played in 775 league matches.

International career
Argentine coach César Menotti had selected Bochini several times in the 1970s, but eventually he lost his place for the 1978 FIFA World Cup to Norberto Alonso.

Bochini played again in the national team when Carlos Bilardo succeeded Menotti as coach, but lost his place to younger players such as Diego Maradona. Nevertheless, he was part of the squad that won the 1986 FIFA World Cup albeit he played only a few minutes in the semi-finals against Belgium, replacing Jorge Burruchaga.

Playing style
Although he was not a prolific goalscorer, he was considered one of the best playmakers of the 1980s, often making assists for teammates to score, due to his vision and accurate passing. Even after he retired, the expression pase bochinesco ("bochinesque pass") is used to refer to a precise pass made to a forward to leave him one on one against the goalkeeper, bypassing the opponent's defenders. Bochini became a master of 'la pausa', the moment when a number 10, poised to deliver a pass, delays a fraction, waiting for the player he is looking to feed to reach the ideal position.

Post retirement
In 1991, three months after his retirement, Bochini was assigned as Independiente's manager together with Carlos Fren. The couple coached only the 1991 Apertura tournament which the team ended in eleventh position.

Fifth division club Barracas Bolívar decided to include him to play a few minutes in an official match played on 27 February 2007, 16 years after his retirement, as a recognition to his career.

In November 2007, a street was named after him in the city of Avellaneda where the Estadio Libertadores de América is located.

Bochini played for Independiente's veteran team in an official tournament organized by the Argentine Football Association in 2009.

He currently works as football advisor and image representative for Independiente.

Club

 * Independiente
 * Argentine Primera División: Nacional 1977, Nacional 1978, Metropolitano 1983, 1988–89
 * Copa Libertadores: 1973, 1974, 1975, 1984
 * Copa Interamericana: 1972, 1974, 1975
 * Intercontinental Cup: 1973, 1984
 * Supercopa Libertadores runner-up: 1989

International

 * Argentina
 * FIFA World Cup: 1986

Individual

 * Footballer of the Year of Argentina: 1983
 * South American Player of the Year: Bronze award 1983
 * South American Team of the Year: 1989
 * IFFHS Argentina All Times Dream Team (Team B): 2021
 * One Club Award, 2022

title: Ricardo Bochini


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Grace Thaxton

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. — Xezbeth 12:22, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

Grace Thaxton
There is a woman named Grace Thaxton who is 110+ years old and one of the oldest living people in the US, however I found nothing claiming she practiced witchcraft and even minus the witchcraft information there is a question as to whether merely being old merits notability on Wikipedia. CunningLinguist 21:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * comment I also looked it up and found nothing on witchcraft. I say it goes on BJAODN. RabidMonkeysEatGrass, It's the end of the world as we know it, and I feel fine (and I know you will feel fine, too) 21:12, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Provisional keep. Living past 110 is still quite notable in my book. Take out any unverifiable (e.g. witchcraft) stuff, and replace with verifiable info, if there is any to be found. If so, keep. If not, well her info is already in supercentenarian, so I guess make it a redirect. Cheers. -- BD2412 talk 21:58, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)
 * Keep or Redirect, depending on whether or not we can add more info. Passes google test. Ambush Commander 23:00, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Seems notable. JamesBurns 06:17, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Please Keep this page. The study of supercentenarians is a topic that interests me, and I see no reason why the top ten oldest shouldn't have their own pages.

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Akeno Giant Air Shower Array

The Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA) was an array of particle detectors designed to study the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. It was deployed from 1987 to 1991 and decommissioned in 2004. It consisted of 111 scintillation detectors and 27 muon detectors spread over an area of 100 km2. It was operated by the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo at the Akeno Observatory.

Results
The results from AGASA were used to calculate the energy spectrum and anisotropy of cosmic rays. The results helped to confirm the existence of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (>$5 eV$), such as the so-called "Oh-My-God" particle that was observed by the Fly's Eye experiment run by the University of Utah.

The Telescope Array, a merger of the AGASA and High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) groups, and the Pierre Auger Observatory have improved on the results from AGASA by building larger, hybrid detectors and collecting greater quantities of more precise data.

title: Akeno Giant Air Shower Array


text:
Talk:György Ligeti

Pronunciation
it would be very useful to show the correct anglicized or native pronunciation of ligeti's name. "g" hard, soft or fricative? accent on first, middle or last syllable? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Macevoy (talk • contribs) 02:22, 16 May 2010 (UTC)

Pronounced like "George". Last name does not rhyme with "spaghetti". The accent is on the first syllable. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.6.31.253 (talk) 00:53, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

According to forvo, the last name does rhyme with spaghetti: the accent is on the second syllable. 79.43.69.199 (talk) 09:27, 6 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Who is this "forvo", and does he speak Hungarian? I think not. In that language, all words are accented on the first syllable, including "spagetti" (= Italian "spaghetti" which, of course, does not stress the initial syllable as Hungarian does).—Jerome Kohl (talk) 17:35, 6 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Google is your friend: it is http://www.forvo.com/search/ligeti/ but I have no idea about its authority as a source. I'm also not sure that "spaghetti" is all that useful a reference anyway, because I suspect that that too depends upon who is saying it. Even so, I don't find the Forvo examples all that compelling - there's a bit of stress on the second but plenty on the first in most of their examples so it is not cut-and-dried. Finally, I'd also always thought he was first-syllable-stressed too. I have good reason to believe that this is correct, but my reasons are not citeable and would be WP:OR if challenged! (They're still right, mind you ...) Best wishes DBaK (talk) 17:56, 6 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, I know what you mean. This unreliable source, for example, cannot be cited here.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 00:23, 7 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Ha! Yes, quite! :) DBaK (talk) 09:25, 7 July 2011 (UTC)
 * It's not George! d͡ʒ is too hard, d͡ʑ too. It's ɟ. These three sounds are very easy to distinguish if you really want and put some effort into it. Don't be ignorant and pay respect to the original pronunciation. It's possible for everyone. --2.245.161.247 (talk) 21:00, 12 May 2014 (UTC)

Heat
"The first movement of the Cello Concerto was also used in the Michael Mann 1995 crime film Heat." ( - Anon. n.d.... Amongst others, this website gives the Wikipedia article on Ligeti as a link. No specific source for the claim about Michael Mann's film is given, which leaves open the possibility that it was taken from Wikipedia and is therefore a circular self-reference.)

That Anon n.d. source was in fact this. The suggested IMDB source has been discounted as unreliable. Curiously, the excerpt is not included in the film soundtrack. Is this source any better? Martinevans123 (talk) 18:35, 22 October 2013 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure about that Pytheas site, which is why I asked for another opinion, rather than just deleting it (and I put the same flag on this linked entry in the list of sources). It does not say where it got the information, for this or anything else in the article, but becuase it lists this Wikipedia article amongst the external links, it looks like it might be tainted. The Mooviees site is repulsive in appearance, but at least gives its source of information as the film credits. I would say it is the preferable source under the circumstances, though I'm not sure whether it might be tarred with the same brush as the IMDb.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 20:34, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes hard to tell, isn't it. Unless we get a copy of the film and watch the credits. Next time I see Michael, I'll be sure to ask him.... Martinevans123 (talk) 20:44, 22 October 2013 (UTC) (I can't believe that Mooviees has got a detail like this wrong!)
 * Perhaps it is very naïve of me, but I have never understood why movie credits cannot be cited on Wikipedia. I mean, we can cite magazine articles, books, and all sorts of other print media, and even documents on online websites—heck, we can even cite the New York Times—but evidently it takes special skills to read the type in movie credits, so we need the help of professional film critics, academics, and the good folks at Mooviees to interpret them for us. On the other hand, how is reading movie credits different from getting a copy of a book and reading it?—Jerome Kohl (talk) 21:31, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
 * You are absolutely right. It's quite an anomaly of Biblical proportions! Martinevans123 (talk) 21:41, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Hmm. Well, I have sometimes experienced similar anomalies while squinting at teeny-tiny lettering in film credits displayed on my home television screen instead of the cinerama-theater screens for which they were evidently intended. As long as I have got your attention, you asked in your most recent edit summary how it is that "widely regraded as" should be thought of a WP:PEA. Perhaps you are right, and I should have described it instead as weasel wording. My point was that the source only spoke for itself, and did not assert that anyone other than the writer held that opinion. Of course, I have no way of knowing either what Cummings's girth might be or how far he casts his gaze, so perhaps it was meant as an objective literal description rather than a metaphoric one, but I don't think that we Wikipedia editors are permitted to assume any such thing.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 22:12, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I imagine his girth might also be of Biblical proportions, but you are quire right, again - that's no excuse! Martinevans123 (talk) 22:21, 22 October 2013 (UTC) well, actually, he looks rather slim!
 * Thanks for the evidence. I rest my case!—Jerome Kohl (talk) 03:14, 23 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I was wondering if imdb could be used as a source? I noticed Ligeti given credit in the soundtrack section: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0113277/soundtrack — Preceding unsigned comment added by Overhere2000 (talk • contribs) 14:48, 13 December 2013 (UTC)

 * See External links/Perennial websites. Toccata quarta (talk) 16:36, 13 December 2013 (UTC)

Removed template
I see that you've removed the template Modernist composers using the justification "-Ligeti is cited as a postmodernist, not a modernist". While this is true, Ligeti is cited as a postmodernist, he is also cited in sources as a modernist, for example in "The Pleasure of Modernist Music: Listening, Meaning, Intention, Ideology By Arved Mark Ashby". And this is true of a lot of avant-garde composers, such as Berio, Cage, Reich, Stockhausen etc., who are also cited as being both modernist and postmodernist. See Postmodern music.  --Jules (Mrjulesd) 17:55, 11 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes, you are quite right. Since I am the editor largely responsible not only for the Postmodern music article, but also for the one on Modernism (music), and most of the entries in the List of modernist composers, I am fully aware of the fact that nearly every composer working since about 1930 has been pigeonholed in both camps at one time or another. Since I see that there is now a new List of postmodernist composers (with exactly one name in it), and there are now categories for both modernist and postmodernist composers (as of last week there was only the one for modernists), I propose that both categories be added to Ligeti's biographical article, as well as to the articles for all the composers found (with reliable sources, of course) on both of those lists. It was the imbalance I was objecting to, not the foolish category.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 19:08, 11 December 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 16:54, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Increase the number of notable works mentioned in lead section, perhaps?
I think that the lead section should mention more than Atmosphères, Le Grand Macabre, and Stanley Kubrick's use of his music. He is also renowned, after all, for works such as Poème symphonique, the Requiem, Continuum, String Quartet No. 2, the Viola Sonata, and of course the études. AndrewOne (talk) 08:48, 28 December 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure I would use the word "renowned" in connection with the Poème symphonique, but I agree that the Requiem, Second String Quartet, and the Études should be mentioned. Continuum and the Viola Sonata do not strike me as being in quite the same category. In fact, I would say that the Bagatelles for Wind Quintet (and perhaps Musica ricercata, from which they are drawn), the Horn Trio, and the Chamber Concerto are more familiar to most listeners. Perhaps Artikulation also deserves mention.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 20:44, 28 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:György Ligeti


text: Category:Oxycations

title: Category:Oxycations


text:
Before 1925 in television

This is a list of television-related events that occurred prior to 1925.

title: Before 1925 in television


text:
La Granja VIP

La Granja VIP was a Chilean reality television and is the second season of The Farm. It was aired from May 10, 2005 to August 12, 2005 by Canal 13 and was produced by Promofilm. It was hosted by Sergio Lagos.

title: La Granja VIP


text:
User:Dcandeto

Wikipedians I know include:
 * Sirmob
 * Tadanisakari
 * Hcatlin
 * Lithogliff

Articles created

 * Frankfurt U-Bahn
 * Barabinsk
 * Einar Már Guðmundsson
 * Episcopal High School of Jacksonville
 * Carl Gotthard Langhans

de:Benutzer:Dcandeto fr:Utilisateur:Dcandeto la:Usor:Dcandeto

title: User:Dcandeto


text:
User:Dewet/spam

Current

 * /haikona.com

Resolved or abated

 * /about-south-africa.com, was /zarcoins.com previously
 * /safarinow.com
 * /tanyahochschild.com
 * /gemnation.com
 * /africansafariclub.com

title: User:Dewet/spam


text:
Bell's phenomenon

Bell's phenomenon (also known as the palpebral oculogyric reflex ) is a medical sign that allows observers to notice an upward and outward movement of the eye, when an attempt is made to close the eyes. The upward movement of the eye is present in the majority of the population, and is a defensive mechanism. The phenomenon is named after the Scottish anatomist, surgeon, and physiologist Charles Bell. Bell's phenomenon is a normal defense reflex present in about 75% of the population, resulting in elevation of the globes when blinking or when threatened (e.g. when an attempt is made to touch a patient's cornea). It becomes noticeable only when the orbicularis oculi muscle becomes weak as in, for example, bilateral facial palsy associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome. It is, however, present behind forcibly closed eyelids in most healthy people and should not be regarded as a pathognomonic sign.

Also, traumatic abrasions are generally located in the central or inferior cornea due to Bell's phenomenon.

Bell's phenomenon does not occur during short blinks.

title: Bell's phenomenon


text:
Cottrell atmosphere

In materials science, the concept of the Cottrell atmosphere was introduced by A. H. Cottrell and B. A. Bilby in 1949 to explain how dislocations are pinned in some metals by boron, carbon, or nitrogen interstitials.

Cottrell atmospheres occur in body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) materials, such as iron or nickel, with small impurity atoms, such as boron, carbon, or nitrogen. As these interstitial atoms distort the lattice slightly, there will be an associated residual stress field surrounding the interstitial. This stress field can be relaxed by the interstitial atom diffusing towards a dislocation, which contains a small gap at its core (as it is a more open structure), see Figure 1. Once the atom has diffused into the dislocation core the atom will stay. Typically only one interstitial atom is required per lattice plane of the dislocation. The collection of solute atoms around the dislocation core due to this process is the Cottrell atmosphere.

Influence on Mechanical Behavior
The collection of solute atoms at the dislocation relieves the stresses associated with the dislocation, which lowers the energy of the dislocation's presence. Thus, moving the dislocation out of this Cottrell atmosphere constitutes an increase in energy, so it is not favorable for the dislocation to move forward in the crystal. As a result, the dislocation is effectively pinned by the Cottrell atmosphere.

Once a dislocation has become pinned, a large force is required to unpin the dislocation prior the yielding, thus at room temperature, the dislocation will not get unpinned. This produces an observed upper yield point in a stress–strain graph. Beyond the upper yield point, the pinned dislocation will act as Frank–Read source to generate new dislocations that are not pinned. These dislocations are free to move in the crystal, which results in a subsequent lower yield point, and the material will deform in a more plastic manner.

Leaving the sample to age, by holding it at room temperature for a few hours, enables the carbon atoms to rediffuse back to dislocation cores, resulting in a return of the upper yield point.

Cottrell atmospheres lead to formation of Lüders bands and large forces for deep drawing and forming large sheets, making them a hindrance to manufacture. Some steels are designed to remove the Cottrell atmosphere effect by removing all the interstitial atoms. Steels such as interstitial free steel are decarburized and small quantities of titanium are added to remove nitrogen.

The Cottrell atmosphere also has important consequences for material behavior at high homologous temperatures, i.e. when the material is experiencing creep conditions. Moving a dislocation with an associated Cottrell atmosphere introduces viscous drag, an effective frictional force that makes moving the dislocation more difficult (and thus slowing plastic deformation). This drag force can be expressed according to the equation:

$$F_{drag} = \frac{kT\Omega}{vD_{sol}} \int \frac{J\centerdot J}{c}dA$$,

where $$D_{sol} $$ is the diffusivity of the solute atom in the host material, $$\Omega$$ is the atomic volume, $$v$$ is the velocity of the dislocation, $$J$$ is the diffusion flux density, and $$c $$ is the solute concentration. The existence of the Cottrell atmosphere and the effects of viscous drag have been proven to be important in high temperature deformation at intermediate stresses, as well as contributing to the power-law breakdown regime.

Similar phenomena
While the Cottrell atmosphere is a general effect, there are additional related mechanisms that occur under more specialized circumstances.

Suzuki effect
The Suzuki effect is characterized by the segregation of solutes to stacking fault defects. When dislocations in an FCC system split into two partial dislocations, a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) stacking fault is formed between the two partials. H. Suzuki predicted that the concentration of solute atoms at this boundary would differ from the bulk. Moving through this field of solute atoms would therefore produce a similar drag on dislocations as the Cottrell atmosphere. Suzuki later observed such segregation in 1961. The Suzuki effect is often associated with adsorption of substitutional solute atoms to the stacking fault, but it has also been found to occur with interstitial atoms diffusing out of the stacking fault.

Once two partial dislocations have split, they cannot cross-slip around obstacles anymore. Just as the Cottrell atmosphere provided a force against dislocation motion, the Suzuki effect in the stacking fault will lead to increased stresses for recombination of partials, leading to increased difficulty in bypassing obstacles (such as precipitates or particles), and therefore resulting in a stronger material.

Snoek effect
Under an applied stress, interstitial solute atoms, such as carbon and nitrogen can migrate within the α-Fe lattice, a BCC metal. These short-range migrations of carbon and nitrogen solute atoms result in an internal friction or an elastic effect, called the Snoek effect. The Snoek effect was discovered by J. L. Snoek in 1941. At room temperature, the solubility of carbon and nitrogen in solid solutions is exceedingly small. By raising, the temperature beyond 400oC and cooling at a moderate rate, it is easy to keep a few hundredths of a percent of either element within the solution, while the remainder is supersaturated. This revelation led to observed special magnetic phenomena in iron, mainly the presence of magnetism and time decrease of permeability due to small amount of carbon and nitrogen remaining in the iron. Moreover, the additional presence of magnetism leads to an elastic-after effect.

By preparing samples containing a larger amount of carbon or nitrogen in solid solution, magnetic and elastic phenomena are greatly enhanced. The solubility of nitrogen is much larger than the solubility of carbon in solid solution. The study of the Snoek effect on annealed irons provides a reliable mechanism for calculating the solubility of carbon and nitrogen in α-iron. A sample in a mixture of hydrogen and ammonia (or carbon monoxide) is mixed and heated until a stationary state was reached, where the mass of carbon and nitrogen taken up during the process can be found by estimating the changes in the weight of the sample.

Carbon and nitrogen atoms occupy octahedral interstices at the midpoints of the cube edges and at the centers of the cube faces. If a stress is applied a long the z, or [001] direction, the octahedral interstices along the x- and y-axes will contract, while the octahedral interstices along the z-direction expand. Eventually, the interstitial atoms move to sites along the z-axis. When the interstitial atoms move, this leads to a reduction in strain energy. In BCC metals, interstitial sites of an unstrained lattice are equally favorable. The interstitial solutes create elastic dipoles. However, once a strain is applied on the lattice, such as that formed by a dislocation, 1/3 of the sites become more favorable than the other 2/3. Solute atoms will therefore move to occupy the favorable sites, forming a short ranged order of solutes immediately within the vicinity of the dislocation. The motion of the interstitial solutes to these other sites constitutes a change in the elastic dipoles, so there is a relaxation time associated with this change which can be connected to the diffusivity and migration enthalpy of the solute atoms. In the new, relaxed solute configuration, more energy is therefore required to break a dislocation from this order.

However, a stress applied in the [111] direction will not lead to any changes in the locations of the interstitial atoms as the three directions of the cube will be equally stressed, and on average, equally occupied by carbon atoms. When a stress is applied along a cube edge and at an amount below the yield stress, the interstitial atom will lead to strain lagging before stress, showing the presence of internal friction. A torsional pendulum is typically used as a means of studying this lagging effect. The angle of lag is taken to be δ and tan δ is considered a measure of internal friction. The internal friction is expressed according to the equation:

$$\tan(\delta) = \left ( \frac{\log(decrement)}{\pi} \right ) = Q^{-1}$$

Where the logarithmic decrement is the ratio of consecutive magnitudes of one cycle of the pendulum. When the magnitude of one cycle decreases to $$\frac{1}{n}$$ of its original value in time $$t$$, then the internal fraction behaves according to the equation:

$$\tan(\delta)=Q^{-1}=\frac{\ln\frac{1}{n}}{\pi \times v \times t}$$

Where $$v$$ is the vibrational frequency of the pendulum.

The interstitials that occupy the normal sites in an unstressed lattice will promote internal friction. Substituted solute atoms and interstitials in strain fields of a dislocation or at grain boundaries have their internal friction changed. Therefore, the Snoek effect can measure carbon and nitrogen concentration in BCC alpha-Fe and other solutes present in ternary alloys.

Materials
Materials in which dislocations described by Cottrell atmosphere include metals and semiconductor materials such silicon crystals.

title: Cottrell atmosphere


text:
User:Pekinensis/articles contributed to

Not necessarily well or significantly.

Food
Whole grain Root vegetable Leaf vegetable Instant mashed potato Chuño Bran White Rabbit Creamy Candy Stinky tofu Baozi Egusi Mantou

Plants
Layering Fasciation Storage organ

Food plants
Lima bean Myrica rubra Foxtail millet Common bean Conopodium majus Cucurbita ficifolia Psoralea esculenta Millet Caigua Meristotheca papulosa Celosia Mirabilis (plant) Apios americana Kañiwa Wild rice Luffa Ipomoea aquatica Callaloo Xanthosoma Taro Tinda Celtuce Ulluco Coccinia grandis Cucumis anguria Atriplex Cudrania tricuspidata Azuki bean Amaranth Moth bean Sagittaria Barbarea Chenopodium Brassica rapa Lettuce Macrotyloma geocarpum Talinum fruticosum Crassocephalum Basella alba Molokhiya Konjac Sweet potato Trichosanthes Trichosanthes cucumerina Plectranthus Arthropodium Agaricus Bean Oca Mashua Yacón Telfairia occidentalis Colocynth Echinochloa Guizotia abyssinica

Others
Wannian County Tian Zhen Sort-merge join Oak Processionary

title: User:Pekinensis/articles contributed to


text:
Michael Cochrane

Michael Dundonald Cochrane (born 19 May 1947) is an English actor. Cochrane has played Oliver Sterling in the Radio 4 soap opera The Archers.

Early life
Cochrane was born 19 May 1947, in Brighton, East Sussex. He was educated at Cranleigh School.

Career
Cochrane played the role of Lieutenant Charles Gaylion, a Royal Flying Corps pilot in the BBC television series Wings (1977–78). He has twice appeared in the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who, first as Charles Cranleigh in the serial Black Orchid (1982) and later as Redvers Fenn-Cooper in Ghost Light (1989). Cochrane was later associated with Doctor Who when he appeared in the 2006 Big Finish Productions audio drama, No Man's Land. This was followed by further appearances in the 2008 Big Finish Productions audio drama Brotherhood of the Daleks, Trail of the White Worm/The Oseidon Adventure in 2012, and The Fate of Krelos/Return to Telos in 2015.

Cochrane has also appeared as different characters in the Yorkshire Television period drama Heartbeat. His first appearance was as the narcissistic businessman Derek Lightfoot in the episode Fool for Love (1997). A further appearance came in 2009, when Cochrane appeared as a character named Cunningham, a confidence trickster and sneak thief in two episodes; ("Thursday's Children" and "The Middle of Somewhere") both of which were set in Australia.

Other significant roles in which Cochrane has appeared are The Pallisers (1974), Love in a Cold Climate (1980), The Citadel (1983), a BBC serial adaptation of Goodbye Mr. Chips (1984), Raffles (1985–1993), No Job for a Lady, The Chief (1990–1995), and as Sir Henry Simmerson in the Sharpe series. His film career has included roles in Escape to Victory (1981), The Return of the Soldier (1982), Real Life (1984), Number One Gun (1990), The Saint (1997), Incognito (1998),  A Different Loyalty (2004) and The Iron Lady (2011).

He was featured in the ITV science fiction series The Uninvited. In 2008, he appeared in the soap opera Doctors as Daniel's solicitor and in 2009 in Margaret as MP Alan Clark.

He appeared in the sitcom Perfect World as the sex-obsessed marketing director. He appeared in Offending Angels (2002). He was seen as the vicar in Downton Abbey with Hugh Bonneville and Maggie Smith.

He had a small role in episode 5 of the BBC serial drama The Musketeers (2014). He had a small role as Roger in series 1 episode 1 of the BBC sitcom Dear John. He appeared as the ship's officer in the BBC's Keeping Up Appearances episode titled "Sea Fever" (1993), and he also appeared as Mr Price in the ITV's detective drama Wycliffe episode titled "Strangers" (1997).

In 2016, he played the role of Henry Marten in the Netflix series The Crown.

Since 2007, Cochrane has played Oliver Sterling in the Radio 4 soap opera The Archers.

In 2019 Cochrane appeared as one of the Number 2's in the 2016 Big Finish Productions audio drama adaptation of the cult 1960s British TV series The Prisoner aired by BBC Radio 4 Extra. In 2021, he appeared as Mr Kingsley the lawyer in The Outlaws.

Personal life
Cochrane is married to the actress Belinda Carroll.

title: Michael Cochrane


text:
Niedersachsenstadion

Niedersachsenstadion (, lit. 'Lower Saxony Stadium') is a football stadium in Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany, which is home to football club Hannover 96.

The original 86,000-capacity stadium was completed in 1954 and has since been rebuilt several times for various major football events. Today it has 49,000 covered seats. During the 2006 FIFA World Cup the stadium was named FIFA World Cup Stadium, Hanover.

Through a sponsorship deal, the stadium's official name is currently Heinz-von-Heiden-Arena. Between 2002 and 2013 a similar arrangement saw the stadium renamed as the AWD-Arena ; from 2013 to 2022 the stadium was named HDI-Arena.

History
The stadium was built from 1952 to 1954, with an original capacity of 86,000. Huge amounts of debris from the houses in Hanover destroyed during World War II were used as the foundations of the stadium, with a total construction cost of 4 million Deutschmark. The stadium officially opened on 26 September 1954.

Hannover 96 moved permanently to the stadium from the Eilenriedestadion in 1959. Other local clubs, such as Arminia Hannover, OSV Hannover, TSV Havelse and Sportfreunde Ricklingen have also played matches there. In addition, the stadium has hosted numerous international matches, 4 (old) league championship games (in 1955, 1957, 1958 and 1961), 2 DFB-Supercup finals (in 1991 and 1992) and 8 DFB-Pokal finals (in 1962, 1963, 1965, 1970, 1972, 1975, 1977 and 1979).

From 2002 to 2013, the stadium carried the name of financial service provider AWD. From 2013 to 2022, it was named after insurance company HDI. Since 2022, the naming rights are held by construction company Heinz von Heiden.

On 17 November 2015, the stadium was due to host an international friendly between Germany and the Netherlands. However, the match was postponed two hours before kick off following reports of a "concrete security threat" and "intention to ignite explosives". The stadium and surrounding areas were evacuated, though no explosives were found.

TSV Havelse played in the stadium in the 2021–22 3. Liga since their regular home stadium, the Wilhelm-Langrehr-Stadion in Garbsen, did not meet 3. Liga requirements. Similarly, VfB Oldenburg will initially play their evening and winter home matches in the 2022–23 3. Liga at the stadium since their home stadium, the Marschweg-Stadion in Oldenburg, currently lacks floodlights and a heated pitch, and is bound to noise regulation ordinances for matches after 18:30. The club aims to fix these problems and move back to Oldenburg as soon as possible.

International football tournaments
All times local (CEST)

1974 FIFA World Cup
The stadium was one of the nine venues chosen for (West) Germany's first hosting of the World Cup. This event saw the number of seats increase to 38,000, which entailed a decrease in the overall capacity to 60,400. In addition, the upper rank of the west grandstand was completely roofed. These alterations cost 26million DM. Newly modified, the arena featured in both the first and second group phase.

The following games were played at the stadium during the World Cup of 1974:

1988 European Championship
When Germany hosted its second international tournament, the stadium was again chosen as a venue. By now, due to the conversion of 8,000 terrace spots into single seating, the capacity stood at 55,000. It hosted two group matches:

2006 FIFA World Cup
The stadium was one of the venues for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. However, due to FIFA sponsorship contracts, the arena was officially named FIFA World Cup Stadium Hanover (FIFA WM Stadion Hannover) during the World Cup. The stadium also had to convert its standing areas into seating, thus reducing the capacity for the tournament to 43,000, before being converted back after the games.

The following games were played at the stadium during the World Cup of 2006:

Modern redevelopment
Although the stadium has seen many changes through the years, none were as extensive and impacting as the redevelopment of 2003–04 by Schulitz & Partner Architects, which cost €65 million.

For many years before, there had been much controversy within the club's fanbase over suggestions for building a new football arena. Eventually this led to the decision to preserve and comprehensively redevelop the existing stadium in 1997–98. When Germany was somewhat unexpectedly awarded the hosting of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the major stadium work was finally put into action.

During 2003–04, major parts of the stadium were rebuilt; this reduced the maximum capacity to 49,951 (of which around 8,000 are standing spaces). Before 2003, the stadium had had high floodlight masts (referred to by locals as "toothbrushes"), track and field facilities inclusive and about 60% was open plan. The redevelopments transformed the stadium completely into a football arena, and removed about 70% of the previous building. The roof and about 25% of the area at the outer edges of the west grandstand were demolished, as were the north, south and east grandstands.

Instead of the previous scoreboards, the arena gained two modern video boards; and the old floodlight masts were replaced with 160 modern single headlights, which were integrated into the roof structure, supplying a light density of 1500 lux.

The pitch, under which a high performance drainage system and a cabin ground heating system was installed, was moved closer to the spectators than ever. With the removal of the track and field facilities, the pitch was moved directly to the west grandstand, and the remaining grandstands were then built around it. This necessitated the stands behind the goals to be designed so that the upward gradient gradually increases from west to east, creating a rather peculiar asymmetry, as the original west grandstand possessed such small angles of inclination and the new east grandstand was as constructed as steeply as possible.

The new inner roof was constructed using ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) to allow sunlight through, thus allowing the grass the grow naturally, whilst also protecting all spectators from bad weather. This care for the pitch helps avoid the constant need to re-lay it, as in many other roofed stadiums, and was designed by Hanke Loköter who also helped with the construction of the Allianz Arena.

The new business and corporate packages of the AWD-Arena are just like the press area in the east grandstand. There are approximately 1,250 business seats, 29 VIP boxes for 10–12 people and 96 press places.

Work on the stadium finished ahead of schedule in December 2004. The first football match played following the redevelopment was on 23 January 2005, when Hannover 96 lost 3–0 to Bayer Leverkusen in the Bundesliga.

In June 2008, the stadium hosted the 2008 Hannover Sevens, the European Sevens championship in rugby union.

On 15 November 2009, the stadium was filled to capacity as the funeral site for 32-year-old Hannover 96 goalkeeper Robert Enke, who had died as a result of suicide on 10 November.

The stadium is one of few actual stadiums to be named in FIFA 12 when it was released on 28 September 2011.

Other uses
Aside from football, the stadium was also the scene of several German athletics championships, the German Turnfest (a gymnastics festival), field handball finals, concerts, rugby and American football.

Since the performances of the Rolling Stones in 1982, the stadium has developed into the leading open-air concert venue in Northern Germany. After the stadium underwent extensive redevelopment in 2003–04, the open air tradition was revived again with a concert by the Rolling Stones in the new arena. Madonna performed at the stadium during her Confessions Tour in August 2006 for an audience of 40,000. Other performers who held a concert at the venue include Michael Jackson in 1988 as part of his Bad World Tour, Bon Jovi in 1996 for his These Days Tour, Status Quo in 2006 and U2 in 2010 during their U2 360° Tour with total 56,494 audience and Kasabian as support act.

In 2013, Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band as well as Robbie Williams are set to give concerts for the first time at the stadium.

title: Niedersachsenstadion


text:
List of Lone Wolf and Cub episodes

This is an episode list for the Japanese jidaigeki television series Lone Wolf and Cub.

Season 1
Season one ran from April 1 to September 30, 1973.
 * 1) My Son and My Sword for Hire
 * 2) Oyuki of the Gomune (Note: This episode has subsequently been removed from all TV broadcasts and DVD releases)
 * 3) Fangs of the Wolf
 * 4) Ikkoku-Bashi Bridge
 * 5) Highway of Assassins
 * 6) The Lowly Maid
 * 7) Amya and Anema
 * 8) The Guns of Sakai
 * 9) The Castle Wall Attack
 * 10) Six Roads to Infinity
 * 11) Baby Cart on the River Styx
 * 12) Deer Hunters
 * 13) O-Chiyo's Boat
 * 14) Article 79 (aka No Betrayal)
 * 15) North to South, East to West
 * 16) Night of Fangs
 * 17) Cloud Tiger, Wind Dragon
 * 18) Executioner Asaemon
 * 19) Half Mat, One Mat, Two And A Half Go Of Rice
 * 20) The 8 Gate Attack Formation
 * 21) Chrysanthemum Inn
 * 22) The Crossing Guard
 * 23) The Tragedy Of Beku No Ji
 * 24) Thread of Tears
 * 25) The Yagyu Letter
 * 26) Daigoro's Song
 * 27) Drifting Shadows

Season 2
Season two ran from April 7 to September 29, 1974.
 * 1) Blackfaces of Death
 * 2) Dark Southern Winds
 * 3) Yagyu Five-Prong Attack
 * 4) The Late Autumn Rain
 * 5) Mid Winter Arrival
 * 6) The Decoy
 * 7) The Wolf Cometh
 * 8) Japanese Silver Leaf
 * 9) Women's Castle
 * 10) Exorcism Day
 * 11) Whistle of the Winter Wind
 * 12) The Bell Ringer
 * 13) The Red Cat Beckons
 * 14) Footman's Demise
 * 15) Destroy Hot Stones
 * 16) Seven-Ri Runner
 * 17) Memasho The Cop
 * 18) Floating Lanterns
 * 19) Beginning of Winter
 * 20) The Female Inspector
 * 21) Resolute Women
 * 22) Suio Style Zanbato Blade
 * 23) The Living Dead
 * 24) An Ill Star
 * 25) Thirteen Strings
 * 26) Sayaka

Season 3
Season three ran from April 4 to September 26, 1976.
 * 1) Seeking Immortality
 * 2) Wet Nurse's Parasol
 * 3) No Tomorrow
 * 4) The Silk Cloud
 * 5) A Mother's Taste
 * 6) Your Life is Mine
 * 7) Five Sisters of Death
 * 8) Season of Death
 * 9) Unfortunate Pair
 * 10) Ominous Path
 * 11) The Flower of Happiness
 * 12) The Hand Cannon
 * 13) The Moon of Desire
 * 14) Omens Good and Bad
 * 15) Abe the Monster
 * 16) Wildfire
 * 17) The Scent
 * 18) The Roaring Thunder
 * 19) Light on the River of Blood
 * 20) The Showdown
 * 21) Impending Death
 * 22) Fathers and Sons
 * 23) Attack in the Shadows
 * 24) The Guardian
 * 25) Waves and Flutes
 * 26) Swordsmanship

title: List of Lone Wolf and Cub episodes