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KTVU

KTVU (channel 2) is a television station licensed to Oakland, California, United States, serving as the San Francisco Bay Area's Fox network outlet. It is owned and operated by the network's Fox Television Stations division alongside San Jose-licensed independent outlet KICU-TV (channel 36). The two stations share studios at Jack London Square in Oakland; KTVU's transmitter is located at Sutro Tower in San Francisco.

As an independent station
The station first signed on the air on March 3, 1958, originally operating as an independent station. The station was originally owned by San Francisco–Oakland Television, Inc., a local firm whose principals were William D. Pabst and Ward D. Ingrim, former executives at the Don Lee Network and KFRC radio; and Edwin W. Pauley, a Bay Area businessman who had led a separate group which competed against Pabst and Ingrim for the station's construction permit. KTVU's operations were inaugurated with a special live telecast from its temporary studio facility at the former Paris Theatre in downtown Oakland. That June, the station moved into a permanent facility at Jack London Square in western Oakland, which was constructed using material gathered by the Port of Oakland and repurposed from a demolished pier.

Channel 2 was the fourth commercial television station to sign on in the Bay Area, and the first independent station in the market. It was the second television outlet in Northern California to have been assigned the KTVU call letters, which were previously used by a short-lived station on UHF channel 36 in Stockton, which operated from December 1953 to April 30, 1955. During its first 15 years on the air, KTVU's transmitter facilities were originally based on a tower on San Bruno Mountain in northern San Mateo County. KTVU moved its transmitter facilities to the Sutro Tower after the structure was completed in 1973.

The Ingrim–Pabst–Pauley group attempted to sell KTVU to NBC in 1960, as the network sought to acquire a television station in the Bay Area to operate alongside KNBC radio (now KNBR). The sale was eventually canceled in October 1961, due to pre-existing concerns over the sale cited by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that were related to NBC's ownership of radio and television stations in Philadelphia; as a result, the NBC affiliation in San Francisco stayed with KRON-TV (channel 4, now a CW owned-and-operated station with secondary MyNetworkTV affiliation) until 2001, when NBC attempted again, successfully purchasing KNTV (channel 11). Eighteen months after the sale to NBC was aborted, in July 1963 channel 2 was sold to the Miami Valley Broadcasting Company, a precursor to the broadcasting division of Atlanta-based Cox Enterprises, for $12.3 million; the sale was finalized in mid-October of that year. Over the station's history as an independent, KTVU's programming schedule consisted mainly of syndicated off-network series, movies, talk shows and religious programs, as well as a sizeable amount of locally produced news, sports, talk and public affairs programming. In 1960, after acquiring camera, projection and slide equipment to transmit programming available in the format, the station began broadcasting its programming in color; much of the programs that it broadcast in color consisted of movies and certain series acquired from the syndication market that were produced in the format, as well as locally produced specials.

Under Cox's stewardship, channel 2 became the leading independent station in the San Francisco–Oakland market and one of the top-rated independents in the Western United States. KTVU retained this status even as competing independents on the UHF band signed on during the late 1960s, most notably KBHK-TV (channel 44, now KPYX) and KEMO-TV (channel 20, now KOFY-TV) within months of each other in early 1968.

In the early 1960s, KTVU obtained the local broadcast rights to the Warner Bros. Pictures library; the films it broadcast from the studio primarily consisted of those released during the 1950s, most being presented in color, which aired at 7 p.m. on Sundays. Channel 2 was the first television station in the Bay Area to air such films as A Star Is Born, East of Eden and Rebel Without a Cause. KTVU exercised discretion and limited the number of commercial break interruptions during the movie telecasts, often airing the films uncensored and with commentary, either by a studio host or via slides. The station even televised the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film Hollywood Revue of 1929 with some of the original two-strip Technicolor sequences. During the early 1970s, the station began employing a different programming strategy to stand out from the other independents in the market, acquiring first-run syndicated sitcoms and drama series, several comedies and dramas from the United Kingdom (such as Upstairs, Downstairs and The Benny Hill Show, the latter of which had some episodes re-edited by the station to remove scenes of frontal nudity accidentally left in the broadcast prints), and various nature series (including National Geographic specials) as alternative offerings.

As an independent competitor, KTVU aired a nightly film showcase, The 8 O'Clock Movie, as an alternative to network programs that aired during prime time on then-NBC affiliate KRON-TV, CBS station KPIX (channel 5) and ABC-owned KGO-TV (channel 7). Continuing into its early years as a Fox affiliate, KTVU frequently aired classic movies (around 20 per week) in the 8 p.m. time slot as well as on Sunday afternoons. Many of the films presented were prints restored by the station's editing department to eliminate color and splicing errors and scratches present within the negatives. It also occasionally aired movies originally assigned an R rating for their theatrical release (such as One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Walkabout) without editing for strong profanity, nudity or violence, some of which aired during prime time. In 1992, KTVU ran a station-edited version of the 1984 science fiction film Dune, which combined footage from the Alan Smithee television cut with the original theatrical release (thereby restoring all the violence featured in the latter cut, while eliminating some of the objectionable edits that caused director David Lynch to remove his name from the credits of the television print). KTVU also carried programming from the Operation Prime Time programming service (at least) in 1978.

Channel 2 adapted to competition over the years by reinventing the station's image with the launch of a promotional campaign using the slogan, "There's Only One 2" – which was used in its marketing and on-air promos, including a musical jingle, during the 1970s and 1980s (the slogan was reintroduced under Fox ownership in 2015).

In 1977, KTVU was uplinked to satellite as a national superstation, being carried primarily on systems operated by cable television provider and corporate cousin, Cox Cable. However, the station was unable to compete with WTBS (now WPCH-TV) in Atlanta, and two other independent stations that were uplinked to satellite as superstations in the two years after KTVU gained national distribution, WGN-TV in Chicago and WOR-TV (now co-owned MyNetworkTV owned-and-operated station WWOR-TV) in New York City, and began to scale down its national coverage via cable in 1982. While KTVU remained a superstation for the remainder of its run as an independent, its cable coverage would become limited to providers within the Western United States—primarily those located in Northern California, Nevada, Oregon and select areas of Utah. The station continued to be distributed nationally, however, on direct broadcast satellite via C-Band systems until the late 1990s; KTVU was also carried on PrimeStar as its Fox network feed for the Pacific Time Zone until the satellite provider merged with DirecTV in 1999.

Fox affiliation
In October 1985, News Corporation—which had purchased a 50% interest in 20th Century Fox corporate parent TCF Holdings for $250 million in March 1985, and also acquired John Kluge's Metromedia family of independent television stations in May 1985—announced its intentions to create a fourth television network that would use the resources of 20th Century Fox Television to both produce and distribute programming (with the Metromedia stations as the new network's flagships), intending to compete with ABC, CBS and NBC. The company formally announced the launch of the new network, the Fox Broadcasting Company, on May 7, 1986. Subsequently, Fox approached Cox Enterprises to affiliate with the upstart network months prior to its formal launch, with KTVU agreeing to serve as its charter affiliate for the San Francisco–Oakland–San Jose market. Channel 2's affiliation with Fox could be seen as a major coup for the fledgling network, because of its distinction as the highest-rated independent station in the Bay Area as well as one of the strongest independents in the U.S. It was also one of the few independents to affiliate with the network which broadcast on the VHF band and had an established local news identity.

KTVU and Cox's other two independent stations, WKBD-TV in Detroit and KDNL-TV in St. Louis, officially joined Fox seven months later on October 9, 1986, when the fledgling network inaugurated programming that day with the debut of the late night talk show The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers, which was also their only program in their first months of operation. Similar to other Fox stations during the network's early years, KTVU was programmed as a de facto independent station, even after Fox expanded its programming into prime time on weekend evenings in April 1987. Until Fox completed the expansion of its primetime schedule (which began with the launch of a Saturday night lineup in July 1987, and was gradually rolled out to additional nights over the next seven years) and began offering programming on all seven nights of the week in September 1993, KTVU continued to air a movie at 8 p.m. on nights when the network did not offer any programming. However, the station also decreased its reliance on movies during this period, due to the growing difficulty of broadcast stations in acquiring film content as the number of cable television networks increased. The strong ratings that KTVU had as an independent station carried over into its tenure with Fox, turning it into one of the network's strongest affiliates; despite having its programming occasionally being preempted by San Francisco Giants game telecasts, Fox was very satisfied with KTVU because of its ratings performance.

During the early and mid-1990s, the station gradually shifted the focus of its daytime schedule from a mix of off-network sitcoms and drama series to a lineup predominately made up of first-run syndicated talk, court and reality shows; it also continued to run some off-network sitcoms during the evening and late-night hours. Also, Channel 2 began to air an afternoon cartoon block supplied by the network, Fox Kids, when the Monday through Saturday children's lineup debuted in September 1990. The station continued to run Fox Kids programming on weekdays—moving it to an earlier time period on weekday afternoons in January 2000, to build an adult-targeted audience for the pending launch of its 6 p.m. newscast by filling the 4 to 6 p.m. slot with talk and court shows—until the network discontinued its afternoon block in January 2002; it retained the Saturday morning lineup, which eventually became known as 4Kids TV under a programming agreement with 4Kids Entertainment, until Fox discontinued its children's programming altogether on December 27, 2008 (replacing it with the two-hour infomercial block Weekend Marketplace).

Throughout its affiliation with Fox under Cox Enterprises ownership, the station continued to brand itself as "Channel 2", even as the network began to require that its owned-and-operated stations and affiliates incorporate the "Fox" name within their on-air branding. However, KTVU would begin to alternately brand as "Fox Channel 2" by the early 1990s, which was mainly used within promotions for Fox network programs, with the network's logo being placed to the left of KTVU's longtime "Circle Laser 2" logo (which was first introduced in 1975). In April 1997, the Fox wordmark logo was added onto the underside of the top line of "Circle Laser 2"; the station also concurrently changed its branding to "KTVU Fox 2" as the network tightened its branding standardizations for its stations—although the previous "KTVU Channel 2" moniker remained in use as part of its newscast branding (the "Fox 2" logo was also used on its newscasts in April 1997, but the moniker was used from March to October 2001).

On November 29, 1999, Cox Enterprises acquired San Jose-based independent station KICU-TV from Detroit businessman and Buffalo Bills owner Ralph Wilson and KICU president/general manager Jim Evers. The resulting pairing of KICU with KTVU created the Bay Area's first television station duopoly when the deal was finalized in March 2000; the operations of KICU migrated from that station's original studio facilities in San Jose, where KTVU relocated its South Bay news bureau, and were consolidated into KTVU's Jack London Square facility in Oakland. On March 3, 2008, KTVU celebrated its 50th anniversary of broadcasting. In honor of the anniversary, a series of fifteen promos were produced, which included those honoring past KTVU programs such as Romper Room and Captain Satellite as well as the station's sports programming.

Acquisition by Fox Television Stations
Following its purchase of WJZY in Charlotte, North Carolina, in March 2013, Variety reported that Fox Television Stations was pursuing station acquisitions in San Francisco and Seattle as it desired to have a larger presence in the markets of NFL teams that are part of the National Football Conference (such as the San Francisco 49ers and Seattle Seahawks), the conference to which Fox holds broadcast rights. Fox had for many years wanted to have an owned-and-operated station in the San Francisco Bay Area, which has always been one of the ten largest Nielsen television markets. After Fox Television Stations assumed ownership of charter affiliate WTXF-TV in Philadelphia in 1995, KTVU became the largest Fox station by market size not to be owned by the network. Fox's original parent company News Corporation (which spun off the network to 21st Century Fox in July 2013 as part of the company's separation of its entertainment and publishing assets) made several offers to buy KTVU, but Cox turned down each of News Corporation's proposals (Fox had also reportedly considered purchasing KIRO-TV, the CBS affiliate in Seattle, which would have displaced that market's charter Fox affiliate, KCPQ; such a purchase never materialized, although Fox did attempt to buy KCPQ outright before renewing its affiliation contract with that station in July 2014, after it was unsuccessful in pressuring Tribune Broadcasting to sell KCPQ by purchasing and proposing to move its programming to Bellingham, Washington-based KBCB; Fox would eventually acquire KCPQ in 2020 after Tribune was purchased by Nexstar Media Group).

On June 24, 2014, Fox announced that it would trade two of its owned-and-operated stations, WFXT in Boston and WHBQ-TV in Memphis, to the Cox Media Group in exchange for acquiring KTVU and KICU. The deal made KTVU the last Big Four network station in the Bay Area to become an owned-and-operated station of its associated network. Prior to this announcement it was rumored that Fox had considered buying rival (and former NBC affiliate) KRON-TV and moving its programming there (which would have resulted in KTVU losing its Fox affiliation to channel 4 had Fox acquired that station instead). The trade was completed on October 8, 2014, marking Channel 2's first ownership change in 51 years; the trade with Fox Television Stations also resulted in WFXT supplanting KTVU as Cox's largest television station by market size. As part of the trade, Cox Media Group and Fox Television Stations also reassigned key management personnel between the two markets; KTVU-KICU general manager Tom Raponi was reassigned to serve in the same position at WFXT, while Gregg Kelley was reassigned from WFXT to become vice president and general manager of the KTVU-KICU duopoly.

In November 2014, KTVU transitioned from Cox's in-house digital platforms to those operated by Fox, which included the release of new mobile apps and the transition of its website to the WorldNow platform and the webpage layouts that the provider designed for the Fox-owned stations. On February 8, 2015, KTVU began to fully comply with Fox's station branding guidelines, extending the "KTVU Fox 2" brand to its news programming (as well as adopting Fox Television Stations' standardized graphics package for the group's Fox O&Os); however, the station retained the "Circle Laser 2" logo by both including it within the group's standardized "boxkite" logo and in an alternate version in which it is now placed next to the Fox wordmark (the latter became the main logo in August 2015, when KTVU introduced updated introductions for its newscasts, which de-emphasized the standardized graphics).

On December 14, 2017, The Walt Disney Company, owner of ABC and KGO-TV, announced its intent to buy KTVU's parent company, 21st Century Fox, for $52.4 billion; the sale excluded the Fox Television Stations unit (including KTVU and KICU), the Fox network, Fox News, Fox Sports 1 and the MyNetworkTV programming service, which were transferred to a separate company.

Programming

Since it first joined the network as an affiliate in October 1986, KTVU has generally aired the entire Fox program lineup without preemptions (except for San Francisco Giants baseball games during its contractual tenure with the team), as the network airs fewer hours of programming than that offered by CBS, NBC and ABC. The only regular exception has been Fox NFL Kickoff, which KTVU has declined carriage of since the Sunday pre-game show and Fox NFL Sunday lead-in moved to Fox from Fox Sports 1 in September 2015, due to its existing commitment to carry the "official" San Francisco 49ers pregame show 49ers Pre Game Live on Sunday mornings during the NFL regular season; Kickoff thus airs at the same time on KICU.

At first, KTVU delayed the preempted prime time programming to weekends, but with the growth of Fox and because of viewer demand, the station eventually aired network shows that were delayed from their designated prime time slots following its 10 p.m. newscast. From the time that Cox took over the operations of KICU in 2000 until Channel 2 lost the Giants rights after the 2007 season, the preempted Fox programming would be moved to KICU to air in their network-designated time slots.

Locally produced programming
From 1958 until the early 1970s, KTVU aired the space-themed afternoon children's program Captain Satellite, which was hosted by Bob March and was set in a fictional spaceship known as the Starfinder II. The series—which was originally produced at Moose Hall in Oakland, before moving to the KTVU studios in 1959—showcased cartoons between segments (including among others The Space Explorers), as well as film clips provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and live in-studio visits from astronauts.

Until the 1980s, the station produced a series of classic public service shorts titled Bits and Pieces, often featuring two talking puppets, Charley and Humphrey, which Pat McCormick had brought over to KTVU from his tenure at KGO-TV. The shorts, which often aired during children's programs shown on the station, were aimed at delivering positive and educational messages to kids. In the late 1970s, Charley and Humphrey were spun off into a daily children's program on KTVU, which was hosted by McCormick. Channel 2 also served as the Bay Area's originating station for the children's television program franchise Romper Room; originally hosted by Nancy Besst, the half-hour program aired at 8:30 a.m. on weekday mornings for much of the 1980s.

One of the station's most successful programs—both in terms of ratings and cultural impact—was Creature Features, a Saturday prime time showcase of horror movies that was originally hosted by Bob Wilkins, who had earlier hosted a popular and similarly themed show at KCRA-TV in Sacramento. Wilkins brought a straight presentation and dry wit to a television genre made ridiculous by the likes of Vampira. Creature Features became an immediate hit following its January 9, 1971, premiere telecast, eventually expanding to a double feature format in the mid-1970s, by which time it was defeating network fare such as Saturday Night Live (on KRON-TV) in the local ratings. It was these latter ratings victories that resulted in John Belushi and John Landis appearing on the program in 1978, during their promotional tour for National Lampoon's Animal House. Wilkins also interviewed then-local author Anne Rice upon the publication of Interview with the Vampire as well as, among many others, Christopher Lee, William Shatner and local independent filmmaker Ernie Fosselius (of Hardware Wars fame).

Wilkins eventually began hosting a second program on KTVU, Captain Cosmic, donning a silver motorcycle helmet and crimson cape in his portrayal of the title character. It was wherein the program that he introduced the Bay Area—and by extension, through KTVU's superstation status, the rest of the country—to Japanese anime by broadcasting such shows as Star Blazers and Ultra Man. Captain Cosmic was a hit, though it ended when Wilkins retired from television in 1979; former San Francisco Chronicle reporter and occasional co-host John Stanley took over as sole host of Creature Features from 1979 until its cancellation in 1982.

Other local programs that aired on KTVU during its run as an independent station included the film showcase/trivia game show franchise Dialing for Dollars, which was first hosted by Mel Venter and later by Pat McCormick, who later served as a weather anchor at the station; National All-Star Wrestling, which aired on Friday nights during the early and mid-1960s from the KTVU studios or Daly City's Cow Palace and was hosted by Walt Harris; and Roller Derby, which Harris also hosted for many years and featured San Francisco Bay Bombers roller derby games until the demise of the International Roller Derby League in 1973. During the early 2000s, KTVU broadcast San Francisco's Chinese New Year Parade each winter; sister station KICU generally rebroadcast the parade on the evening of its broadcast (independent station KTSF, channel 26, aired its own Chinese-language telecast of the parade using "pool" cameras).

Sports programming
KTVU obtained the rights to televise San Francisco Giants Major League Baseball games in 1961, three years after the team relocated to the Bay Area from New York City. After the move, the Giants initially opted against televising their games to encourage game attendance by Bay Area residents and tourists. When channel 2 became the Giants' television partner, it was only permitted to televise the team's road games against the Los Angeles Dodgers until 1965, when the station began airing additional regular season and exhibition games (KTVU's relationship with the Giants extended to the franchise's ownership, as Cox Enterprises owned a 10% stake in the Giants during the latter years of the broadcast contract ). KTVU eventually began sharing the local television rights to the Giants with SportsChannel Bay Area (now NBC Sports Bay Area, in which the Giants had purchased a 30% minority interest in December 2007 ) when the regional sports network launched in July 1991.

Channel 2 lost the local over-the-air telecast rights to the Giants following the 2007 season when the broadcast television contract was taken over by San Jose–based NBC owned-and-operated station KNTV. The Giants continue to maintain a presence on Channel 2 to the present day, as some Saturday afternoon—and more recently, Saturday evening—regular-season games (in addition to the team's postseason and World Series appearances which included the team's victories in 2010, 2012, and 2014) have been carried on the station since 1996, through Fox's national broadcast contract with Major League Baseball. KTVU also carried games of the cross-bay rival Oakland Athletics during that team's world championship season in 1973, and also airs Athletics games that are part of the Fox MLB broadcast contract.

KTVU has also served as the market's primary official television broadcaster of the San Francisco 49ers since 1994, when Fox assumed the contractual rights to air games from the National Football Conference (NFC). The station airs most of the team's regular-season and playoff games that do not have rights held by other broadcast networks (primarily those involving the 49ers' in-conference opponents), as well as another 49ers-related programming during the NFL season including the pre-game show 49ers Pre Game Live (on Sunday mornings), the weekly station-produced sports program KTVU Mercedes-Benz Sports Weekend (on Saturday evenings), magazine program 49ers Total Access (which follows Sports Wrap on Sunday evenings) and the 49ers Red & Gold Specials (comprising four programs focusing on the 49ers' history that air on either KTVU or KICU during the team's training camp and/or preseason). The station aired the team's appearance in Super Bowl LIV.

KTVU also airs most Las Vegas Raiders games (a holdover from when the team played in Oakland) in which the team plays host to an NFC team at Allegiant Stadium and starting in 2014, when the NFL instituted its new 'cross-flex' broadcast rules, any Raiders game involving another AFC team that is moved from KPIX to KTVU. The San Francisco/Golden State Warriors also aired many of their basketball games on KTVU on several occasions through the years, first from 1962 to 1963, and later from 1965 to 1968, 1969 to 1983 and the late 1990s to 2001.

News operation
, KTVU presently broadcasts $69 1/2$ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 12 hours each weekday, $4 1/2$ hours on Saturdays and five hours on Sundays); in regards to the number of hours devoted to news programming, it has the second-highest newscast output of any television station in the San Francisco Bay Area (behind the CW/ MyNetworkTV affiliate KRON-TV, which carries 72 hours each week), and one of the top 4 in the country. In addition, the station produces the sports highlight program Sports Wrap, which airs Saturdays at 10:45 p.m. and Sundays at 11:30 p.m. (it originally existed as a 15-minute program contained within the weekend editions of the 10 p.m. newscast until May 30, 2015, after which the Sunday edition was spun-off into a separate half-hour program on June 7; the program retains its 15-minute format for its Saturday edition), and the public affairs program Bay Area People, which airs Saturdays at 6:30 am. The Saturday and Sunday editions of KTVU's 6 p.m. newscast is subject to preemption or delay due to network sports telecasts overrunning into or starting within either time slot; since April 2016, sister station KICU has served as an alternate broadcaster of KTVU newscasts that are preempted by network sports telecasts. KTVU was the fifth-largest Fox station overall without a newscast in a conventional late news time slot (locally in the San Francisco market, 11 p.m. Pacific Time). As of 2021, KTVU airs a newscast at 11 p.m.

The station has been well known in the Bay Area for its news programming; KTVU's news department began operations along with the station on March 3, 1958, with the launch of The 10 o'clock News (modified to a fully spelled titling in 2001, before switching to partially numerical-based titling—as the Fox 2 10:00 News, mirroring similar titling schemes for newscasts used by some of its sister stations such as Los Angeles O&O KTTV—for six months starting in February 2015 under Fox ownership, before reverting to the previous title form), which for years had been the market's only local television newscast at 10 pm. Initially airing for a half-hour on Monday through Friday nights, the program was originally anchored by Les Nichols (who served as KTVU's managing editor) and Al Helmso (who also served as the station's first news director). The program has long established itself with top-drawer talent, many of whom have worked at KTVU for more than ten years. Though, early on, the program experienced turnover with its main anchor team. Nichols and Helmso stepped down as main anchors in the early 1960s, replaced by Gary Park and Stan Atkinson. The program was reformatted in 1971 as The Tuck-Fortner Report, with Ron Fortner and Michael Tuck at the helm; they were replaced by Marcia Brandwynne and George Reading in 1974 (Reading would later be replaced by Atkinson and eventually, Judd Hambrick). The weeknight editions of The 10 o'clock News would expand to one hour in 1975; hour-long weekend editions were eventually added in September 1979, which were first by anchored by Elaine Corral.

In 1976, assignment reporter Dennis Richmond was appointed as the station's lead anchor and became known among local viewers for his straightforward and interpersonal, but calm and unopinionated delivery in his reporting. Richmond's co-anchors throughout his tenure were Judd Hambrick (1976–1977), Andy Park (1977–1978), Barbara Simpson (1978–1986), Elaine Corral (1986–1998, abruptly resigning on-air in March 1998),  Leslie Griffith (1998–2006) and finally Julie Haener, who became weeknight co-anchor in May 2007 and remains in that capacity. Richmond anchored The Ten O'Clock News for 32 of his 40 years at KTVU until his retirement in May 2008. Replacing him was Frank Somerville, who, starting in 1992, had handled morning and noon anchor duties, before moving to the 5 p.m. newscast in 2005 and eventually joining Haener as lead anchor. Another mainstay of KTVU's prime time newscast was Pat McCormick, who served as a weather anchor off-and-on from 1969 until his retirement in 1995 (replacing Bob Wilkins as chief weathercaster in 1974); his successor Bill Martin, who joined Channel 2 in 1996, was the first television meteorologist in the Bay Area to provide six-day weather forecasts. Bob MacKenzie was also a fixture for many years as a feature reporter, and also did occasional topical commentary pieces, winning 13 Bay Area Emmy Awards during his tenure at the station from 1978 to 2006 (although MacKenzie would continue to file occasional reports following his formal retirement from KTVU until 2010).

For more than 40 years, The Ten O'Clock News has been the ratings leader in the San Francisco Bay Area at 10 pm, with or without news competition in the arena. The program's rise to ratings dominance—even at times when weaker-rated shows led into the newscast—occurred under the helm of longtime news director Fred Zehnder (who originally joined the station as an assistant news director, before being promoted to head the news department after the firing of his predecessor Ted Kavanau in 1978). Zehnder crafted a no-nonsense journalistic style for The 10 o'clock News that was based around in-depth and fair reporting, largely devoid of the "happy talk" banter among anchors that was common of other local television newscasts. During Zehnder's tenure, KTVU became one of the most respected local television news operations in the United States and earned several journalism awards over the next two decades, including Emmy, Associated Press, Peabody and duPont-Columbia Awards.

The 10 p.m. newscast's dominance was to such an extent that, from 1987 to 2005, the program was referenced in its title sequence and some news promotions as "the #1 primetime newscast in the country", a factual statement based on the number of viewers watching the program at that hour, even beating network programs airing against it on KRON-TV, KGO-TV and KPIX on most nights. It was such a force to be reckoned with that when KRON and KPIX respectively timeshifted NBC and CBS' prime time lineups one hour earlier as part of the "early prime" network scheduling experiment in February 1992, The Ten O'Clock News handily beat the late evening newscasts that both stations had consequently moved up to 10 pm. KRON would move its late news back to the 11 p.m. slot in September 1993; KPIX would not follow suit until September 1998 (although it would later begin producing a competing half-hour 10 p.m. newscast for KBCW in March 2008). In stark contrast, when KRON became an independent station in January 2002, it initially scheduled its new prime time newscast at 9 p.m. to avoid competing directly with KTVU (KRON would eventually restore a newscast at 10 p.m. on May 16, 2016 ). Moreover, WB affiliate KBWB (now KOFY-TV) canceled its KNTV-produced 10 p.m. newscast after four years in 2002, as it was unable to compete with KTVU in the ratings. During this period, KTVU branded its flagship newscast as The Original Ten O'Clock News.

The Ten O'Clock News is also one of the few local newscasts in the United States to have been syndicated to other television stations. , the program also airs on Fox affiliate KCBA in Monterey (which also carries the weekday editions of Mornings on 2), MyNetworkTV affiliates KRVU-LD in Chico and KEMY-LP in Eureka, California, and Fox affiliate KRXI-TV in Reno, Nevada (the latter of which was co-owned with KTVU under Cox Enterprises from 1997 to 2013, and had also carried KTVU's morning and noon newscasts until Cox discontinued its agreement with KRXI owner Sinclair Broadcast Group to air both programs on May 14, 2014 ).

Throughout its run as an independent station, The Ten O'Clock News was the only news program on KTVU. The station first began programming news outside its established 10 p.m. slot in September 1986, when it debuted 2 at Noon. Originally anchored by Barbara Simpson and Bob MacKenzie, the hour-long midday news-talk program—which replaced syndicated game shows in the noontime slot—featured a hybrid of in-depth interviews and various lifestyle features, preceded by a news summary during the first half-hour. The program was reformatted into a more traditional newscast in 1990, as The Noon News, at which time it was shortened to a half-hour (the newscast would eventually revert to an hour on April 7, 2016 ). In September 1989, the station debuted a half-hour 6 p.m. newscast, The 6:00 News, which lasted until its cancellation in 1991.

Channel 2 eventually decided to shift towards a news-intensive format to compete with KRON, KPIX, KGO-TV and KNTV that took the course of several years to take effect; Fox has never carried any national network newscasts (aside from news updates produced out of its New York City station WNYW that aired during prime time from 1987 to 1990, and four attempts at newsmagazines between 1987 and 2003), but it still motivated its affiliates, including KTVU, to air more local news programming. The station's original morning newscast, Mornings on 2, debuted on January 2, 1991, as a two-hour broadcast from 7 to 9 am, replacing animated series in the time period (the program would expand to three hours on September 14, 2015 ); as such, it became the fourth Fox station to air a newscast on weekday mornings. This was followed on August 5, 1996, by the debut of an additional hour-long newscast at 6 a.m. (which would gradually expand to three hours, now beginning at 4 am). Early evening newscasts later returned on March 27, 2000, with the debut of a new half-hour 6 p.m. newscast (which expanded to an hour on April 25, 2016),    followed in April 2005 by the addition of an hour-long 5 p.m. newscast on weekdays (an expansion of an existing weekend-only newscast that debuted in 1998).

Besides beating out its competition in the 10 p.m. time slot, The Ten O'Clock News has also placed ahead of KRON, KPIX and KGO's 11 p.m. newscasts in overall late news viewership for much of its history; however as its news programming expanded, KTVU's newscasts avidly competed for first overall with KRON-TV and KGO-TV during the 1990s. Its newscasts became the highest-rated among the Bay Area's television stations in the early 2000s, firmly taking first place from KRON-TV following Channel 4's January 2002 disaffiliation from NBC. The May 1999 retirement of Zehnder brought changes to the newsroom; however, KTVU was ranked as the highest quality local newscast in the nation in 2000 by the Project for Excellence in Journalism under his immediate successor, Andrew Finlayson (who began his tenure at KTVU as a noon news producer in 1988 and left the station in 2003), while maintaining the top rating slot at 10 p.m. and throughout the noon and morning newscasts. Varying prime time numbers and improvements at competitors (as well as audience erosion for local programming in general) have since led to a decline in the once-dominant news operation's ratings, although it retains the No. 1 spot, a rarity for a Fox station. For August 2010, KTVU's newscasts ranked No. 1 among adult viewers 25–54, beating KPIX, KGO, KNTV, and KRON.

KTVU had used the "KTVU News Theme" by Michael Randall as the primary theme music for its newscasts from 1987 (debuting alongside a custom title sequence for the 10 p.m. newscast that was updated in 1994 and used until 2001, featuring a CGI fly-over of the Bay Area showcasing the program's title logo gliding across the waters of the San Francisco Bay) until the package was replaced on June 23, 2010, by a new 615 Music-composed theme called "Icon News". In the 2000s, Channel 2 became the last news-producing English language station in the Bay Area to begin using a helicopter for newsgathering, with the introduction of News Chopper 2 (now known as SkyFox as part of the rebranding by Fox after its acquisition). On October 10, 2006, KTVU became the first television station in the Bay Area to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition; with the upgrade, the station debuted a new state-of-the-art studio designed for HD newscast production, which replaced the previous set that had been in use since 1986 (with updates in 1989, 1997 and 2005); video from remote and field equipment was initially broadcast in 480p standard definition following the transition; high definition cameras are now used for field reports. This change followed its former sister stations, WSB-TV in Atlanta and WFTV in Orlando, which also began airing their newscasts in high definition.

On January 21, 2008, the station began producing a half-hour newscast at 7 p.m. each weeknight for sister station KICU-TV. In 2010, the KTVU news department was honored with a Peabody Award for its coverage of the June 2009 shooting of unarmed African-American male Oscar Grant in a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) terminal. On January 22, 2011, KTVU launched two-hour newscasts on Saturdays and Sundays from 7 to 9 am, becoming the largest Fox affiliate and the second-largest Fox station – behind the network's Dallas O&O KDFW – to carry newscasts on weekend mornings (the program later expanded to three hours until 10 a.m. in January 2014). Two days later on January 24, 2011, KTVU expanded its weekday morning newscast to 4½ hours, with the addition of a half-hour at 4:30 am.

In March 2014, KTVU began using the AFD No. 10 broadcast flag to present its newscasts in letterboxed widescreen for viewers watching on cable through 4:3 television sets (the AFD No. 10 flag had already been used to show Fox programming on the station in the letterbox format on Bay Area cable and IPTV providers). In February 2015, KTVU introduced a new graphics package, accompanied by the replacement of the "Icon News" package with OSI Music's "Fox Affiliate News Theme", matching with the imaging style of other Fox Television Stations-owned outlets and implementing the "Fox 2" brand universally. On June 22, 2015 (originally announced in an April 14 release that also announced the expansion of Mornings on 2 by a half-hour earlier at 4 a.m. on April 20), KTVU debuted an hour-long 4 p.m. newscast. On September 4, 2023, KTVU expanded the evening news at 7 p.m.

2013 Asiana Airlines graphic
During the July 12, 2013, noon newscast, anchor Tori Campbell read a news release that claimed to identify the four pilots of Asiana Airlines Flight 214, which crash landed at San Francisco International Airport on July 6. A summer intern at the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) had incorrectly confirmed the spellings of the satirical names to a KTVU staffer who called to verify the release. The names read were Captain Sum Ting Wong, Wi Tu Lo, Ho Lee Fuk, and Bang Ding Ow.

The NTSB apologized for its role in the incident, stating in a press release that "appropriate actions will be taken to ensure that such a serious error is not repeated." Several KTVU staff were terminated immediately, and a news producer left, reportedly for health reasons.

Asiana Airlines announced on July 15, 2013, that it would file a defamation lawsuit against KTVU, claiming the incident damaged the airline's reputation, but withdrew it a few days later, stating that it would instead "concentrate all [their] efforts on dealing with the aftermath of the accident." KTVU filed requests through the Digital Millennium Copyright Act to remove user-uploaded videos of the prank. The station contended that the takedowns were intended to lessen insensitivity towards the Asian community.

2019 NLDS graphic
The station received complaints after the 6 p.m. newscast on October 9, 2019, featured a headline about the Atlanta Braves being "scalped" when losing the deciding Game 5 of the National League Division Series to the St. Louis Cardinals, 13–1. Viewers who took to social media to express their disapproval stated the station used language considered to be insensitive to the Native American culture. KTVU issued a statement the following day regretting the incident.

Frank Somerville suspension
Local media reported that anchor Frank Somerville was placed on indefinite suspension after editors overruled his request to add commentary to a September 21, 2021, report on the Gabrielle Petito missing-person investigation. According to the reporting, Somerville's commentary tag would have alluded to "missing white woman syndrome".

Paul Pelosi underwear rumor
In October 2022, following the attack on Paul Pelosi, KTVU inaccurately reported that the attacker was in his underwear at the time of the incident. The station subsequently retracted this claim and removed mention of the underwear from the relevant article; however, social media users and conservative public figures including Dinesh D'Souza began repeating the underwear claim as if it were fact.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Brian Copeland – morning feature reporter/meteorologist (1994–1999); later with KGO (AM)
 * Mark Curtis – morning anchor/correspondent (1993–2007); now political analyst at WOWK-TV
 * Priya David – reporter (2005–2008); now at KQED (TV)
 * Ron Fortner – co-anchor of The Tuck and Fortner Report (early-1970s); deceased
 * Leslie Griffith – evening anchor/reporter (1986–2006); former elephant activist; deceased
 * Lloyd LaCuesta – South Bay bureau chief (1977–2012); now a professor at San Jose State University's School of Journalism & Mass Communications
 * Pat McCormick – meteorologist, and host of Dialing for Dollars and children's show Charlie and Humphrey (1968–1995)
 * Byron Miranda – meteorologist (2006); now at WPIX
 * Steve Physioc – sports director (1987–1989); worked for the Kansas City Royals from 2012 to 2022
 * Sergio Quintana – reporter; now at KNTV
 * Dennis Richmond – evening anchor (1968–2008)
 * Ted Rowlands – reporter (2001–2004), anchor (2016–2017); now at Court TV
 * Ryan Seacrest – morning entertainment reporter (now host of Live with Kelly and Ryan, On Air with Ryan Seacrest, American Idol, and American Top 40, managing editor for E! News, and television producer)
 * Don Sherwood – talk show host (1950s); deceased
 * Sara Sidner – weekend anchor/reporter (2004–2007); now at CNN
 * Barbara Simpson – anchor (1970s–80s); later at KSFO
 * Frank Somerville – afternoon anchor (1992–2008); 5 p.m., 6 p.m., 10 p.m. and 11 p.m. anchor (2008–2021); formerly with KSTP-TV
 * Michael Tuck – co-anchor of The Tuck and Fortner Report (1970–1974); later anchored in San Diego; deceased
 * Charlie Van Dyke – station announcer (1987–1995)
 * Thuy Vu – anchor/reporter (1998–2000); later at KQED
 * Bob Wilkins – original host of Creature Features (1971–1979) and the children's show Captain Cosmic (1977–1979); deceased

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

KTVU also operates a Mobile DTV simulcast feed on subchannel 2.1. The feed was originally transmitted over the MDTV signal of sister station KICU-TV, but has since moved to a standalone signal.

KTVU originally launched a digital subchannel on virtual channel 2.2 in 2008, as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network LATV, which moved to a subchannel of KOFY-TV in 2019, and later KCNZ-CD in 2021. This subchannel later affiliated with Fox Weather in January 2022.

Translators

 *  San Jose
 *  Ukiah

Analog-to-digital conversion
KTVU shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 2, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal was relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 56, which was among the high band UHF channels (52–69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to UHF channel 44 (the allocation previously occupied by KBCW's analog signal), using virtual channel 2. KTVU has relocated from UHF channel 44 to UHF channel 31 on March 9, 2020.

KTVU also operates a digital fill-in translator on UHF channel 26, which serves the southern part of the viewing area, including San Jose.

title: KTVU


text:
User talk:And i fell apart

Heya, what's your source for Image:Katie Leung official pic.jpg? It's rather unusual for actors to release photos under such a liberal license. --W(t) 02:30, 2005 May 28 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:And i fell apart


text:
Talk:Love in Vain

All Johnson songs released during his lifetime were released as two-sided 78 RPM singles (11 of them in total; 1 was released after he died). All were originally on Vocalion; some were later re-released on ARC. So the original release was not an an "album" as we think of them. (Source: Liner notes for Robert Johnson: The Complete Recordings.) Noel (talk) 02:30, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:LetitbleedRS.jpg
The image Image:LetitbleedRS.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

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 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --01:58, 19 September 2008 (UTC)

Lyrics
The set of lyrics taken from the Shreveport Home Wreckers in 1932 were themselves borrowed from Blind Lemon Jefferson's "Dry Southern Blues" as recorded in 1926. Dry Southern Blues lyrics --88.117.71.31 (talk) 12:11, 11 March 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Love in Vain


text:
Talk:Eugene Record

Untitled
Even though this article is sparse, it is nonetheless accurate as far as it goes. Denni ☯ 02:31, 2005 May 28 (UTC)

Birthplace?
Does anyone know Eugene Record's exact birth place? I plan on expanding this article and have failed to find this information elsewhere. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kenneth Hardeman (talk • contribs) 10:40, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Eugene Record.jpg
Image:Eugene Record.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:57, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Place of death
This article first says, "Record died on July 22, 2005, from cancer. The place of his death was not announced", then says, "He died on July 22, 2005, in Chicago, after a long battle with cancer.[1][11] He was 64." I will delete the first sentence. David Spector (talk) 22:43, 6 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eugene Record


text:
Liberty Township, Trumbull County, Ohio

Liberty Township is one of the twenty-four townships of Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 21,514 people within the geographical area of the township.

History
It is one of twenty-five Liberty Townships statewide.

Liberty Township was formed from the Connecticut Western Reserve. It was established as a township in 1806. The first settler in the township was thought to be Henry Swager in 1798. Four villages grew within its borders: Girard, Churchill, Sodom, and Seceders Corners. In 1860, coal was discovered on Alexander McCleery's farm becoming a major industry in the area for the next forty years.

Geography
Located at 41.15694°N, -80.67778°W (41.156944, -80.677778) in the southeastern part of Trumbull County, Liberty Township borders the following townships, city, and village:
 * Vienna Township, Trumbull County on the north
 * Brookfield Township, Trumbull County on the northeast corner
 * Hubbard Township, Trumbull County on the east
 * Youngstown on the south
 * Austintown Township, Mahoning County on the southwest corner
 * Weathersfield Township, Trumbull County on the west
 * Howland Township, Trumbull County on the northwest corner
 * McDonald on the west

Liberty Township is one of two urban townships in Trumbull County, along with Howland Township. It is located on the southern edge of the county.

Most of the city of Girard is located in western Liberty Township, and the census-designated place of Churchill is located in the township's center.

Demographics
According to the 2010 Census numbers, Liberty Township (the unincorporated areas, excluding the city of Girard) had 5,029 households and 3,337 families.

The racial makeup of the unincorporated areas of the township was roughly 78.4% White, 17.7% Black or African American, 1.0% Asian, 0.26% American Indian or Alaska Native, 2.2% of two or more races. 2.2% identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Records suggest that in the township (excluding Girard), 26.1% of the households had children under the age of 18. Of households with children under the age of 18, 59.8% were married couples living together, 30.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 2.1% were non-families. Meanwhile, 28.1% of all households comprise a single person, and 12.3% of households comprised a person over 65 years of age living alone. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. The median age was 46 years. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.86.

Government
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

Education
Public education in the township (excluding the city of Girard) is managed by the Liberty Local School District. The school district mascot is the leopard. The Liberty Township school district comprises three schools: Average district daily enrollment during the 2010–2011 school year was 1427 pupils. 59.2% of pupils were white (non-Hispanic), 31.7% were black (non-Hispanic), 2.9% were Hispanic, and 5.3% were multiracial. 60.2% of pupils come from economically disadvantaged households. 12.2% of pupils were students with disabilities.
 * E. J. Blott Elementary School
 * William S. Guy Middle School
 * Liberty High School

Transportation
State Route 193 is a significant transportation artery in Liberty Township.

Notable people

 * Amy Acton, former director of the Ohio Department of Health of Ohio during the COVID-19 pandemic
 * Marc Dann, former attorney general of Ohio
 * John Q. Emery, Wisconsin Superintendent of Public Instruction
 * Bradley Fletcher, former NFL cornerback
 * Jerry DePizzo, saxophonist and guitaristist
 * Bob DiPiero, songwriter
 * Dave Malkoff, National Correspondent for The Weather Channel
 * David C. Smith (author), author of fantasy, horror, and suspense fiction, medical editor, and essayist
 * Fitzgerald Toussaint, former NFL running back

title: Liberty Township, Trumbull County, Ohio


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Battery Acid Spray

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:34, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Battery Acid Spray
Compound dictdef, I'm not sure if this is wanted on wiktionary. --W(t) 02:31, 2005 May 28 (UTC)
 * Delete Yet another food/addiction/battery related article created by an Andrew Lin sockpuppet. Delete with prejudice. - Jersyko 02:42, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Batteries do sometimes spray when abused, such as when charging an Energizer battery 68.170.0.238 02:47, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, and my dog sometimes barks when he wants to come inside. Neither is remotely encyclopedic, though.  The battery and battery acid articles cover their respective topics fairly well, though both could use some expansion.  Some relevant neutral point of view edits to those articles might be appropriate. The above vote, by the way, was cast by the article's creator. -  Jersyko    talk   03:15, May 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Agree with nominator. Article has virtually no chance of becoming encyclopedic. --Durin 02:54, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. However, the content (in edited form) could be merged into Battery (electricity).  JeremyA 03:25, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Of no interest whatsoever. Double Blue  (Talk) 03:37, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and possibly rewrite Should possibly be added as a subsection of battery and/or battery acid under a relevant title Jtkiefer 07:06, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment The Battery (electricity) article already has a section on battery explosion. - Jersyko    talk   01:09, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete last time I checked the type of battery thats not rechargable doesn't contain acids anyway (its called alkaline for a reason). --Kiand 21:05, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Elvis Presley diet

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 15:37, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Elvis Presley diet
Neologism. --W(t) 02:35, 2005 May 28 (UTC)
 * Delete. Elvis never designed this to be a diet where others copy it, and calling it that is original research. Harro5 02:38, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Yet another food/addiction/battery related article created by an Andrew Lin sockpuppet. Delete with prejudice. - Jersyko 02:45, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If Elvis' diet is of any interest, it is within his article. Double Blue  (Talk) 03:36, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete what a dangerous diet. Revolución 04:21, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and inform those responsible that this article has left the building. — Phil Welch 05:35, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 05:37, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. 100,000 calories a day? Silly! He'd probably have needed a sucrose drip to absorb that much. The term "Elvis Presley diet" does sometimes crop up as an ironic figure of speech to describe the eating habits of someone with a liking with junk food, but not very often. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 08:50, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Classic example of the fact that wikipedia has so many articles now that people who want to create a new one REALLY have to stretch. - DavidWBrooks 13:21, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Oh really? So where's the article on the Battle of Otterburn? --Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:48, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Elvis Presley. RickK 18:44, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * You can't redirect to subheaders of pages. A redirect to Elvis Presley would be ok by me though. --W(t) 23:48, 2005 May 28 (UTC)
 * I know, but it would be in place for the time when the redirect to subheaders actually works. RickK 22:25, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think they ever will, at least not for the http+html wikipedia. It just isn't technically feasible. --W(t) 05:54, 2005 May 30 (UTC)
 * Nonsense, of course it's technically feasible. The link Elvis Presley goes straight to the trivia section, so a redirect can too. It just hasn't been written that way yet. sjorford →•← 15:23, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirects are handled server-side, link-clicking is client-side. Anchor jumping has to be done client side. The only way to make redirects happen client side is to use html meta redirects, which would significantly slow down access and increase server load. --W(t) 00:11, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I sort of realised the catch after I posted...It is still technically possible anyway (cross-project redirects worked that way, before they were turned off). sjorford →•← 17:47, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * If a grapefruit diet consists of eating grapefruits... ah, never mind. Delete. Radiant_* 10:42, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Portal:Baseball/Selected article

The Selected article box on the portal chooses one of the following at random when displaying the page. Follow the instructions below for adding or nominating a new article to the list.

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Baseball related Featured articles can be added directly to this list without nomination. All other articles should be nominated first to ensure that we only display our best work on the portal. The procedure for nomination is at the bottom of this page.

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title: Portal:Baseball/Selected article


text:
Catherine Crier

Catherine Jean Crier is an American journalist and author of A Deadly Game and The Case Against Lawyers.

She was the youngest elected state judge in Texas history at age thirty and served as a Texas State District Judge for the 162nd District Court.

Crier is currently a managing partner in Cajole Entertainment, developing television, film, and documentary projects. She regularly appears as a guest contributor and panelist on various news programs, conducts speaking engagements across the country, and blogs for The Huffington Post. Her fifth book, Patriot Acts: What Americans Must Do to Save the Republic, was published in 2011. Her current events blog was launched to coincide with publication of the book.

Early life
Crier was born in Dallas, Texas in 1954 to Ann, a horse breeder and homemaker, and William Crier, a banker. She has two sisters. In 1970, Crier's family bought a farm in a Dallas suburb where she hauled hay, cleaned stalls, and competed in Arabian horse shows across the Southwest. She attended Richardson High School.

Crier entered the University of Texas at Austin at age 16, earning her Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and international affairs, then received a Juris Doctor in two and a half years from Southern Methodist University School of Law.

Legal and judicial service
Crier began her career in law in 1978 in the Dallas County District Attorney's office, starting as an Assistant District Attorney,  then  becoming Felony Chief Prosecutor. From 1982 to 1984, Crier was a civil litigation attorney with Riddle & Brown, handling complex business and corporate matters.

In 1984, she was elected to the 162nd District Court in Dallas County as a State District Judge, becoming the youngest elected state judge in Texas history. During her tenure on the bench, Crier also served as Administrative Judge for the Civil District Courts and worked with the ABA, National Judicial College, and Texas Legislature. Shortly after her election to a second term on the bench, a chance meeting with a television news executive led to a career change.

Broadcast journalism career
In 1990, Crier began her television career at CNN. She was co-anchor of both Inside Politics ‘92, a daily show which followed the 1992 political process, and The World Today, the premier evening newscast. Additionally, she hosted Crier & Company, a live, half-hour news talk show. This show included a panel of female policy experts who discussed popular national and international issues.

Crier joined ABC News in 1993, where she served as a correspondent on the network's primetime news magazine program 20/20. She was awarded a 1996 Emmy for Outstanding Investigative Journalism for her work on the segment "The Predators" which examined nursing home abuses throughout the United States. She was also a correspondent and regular substitute anchor for Peter Jennings on ABC's World News Tonight, as well as a substitute host for Ted Koppel on Nightline.

In 1996, Crier became one of the founding television anchors for the Fox News Channel with her prime time program, The Crier Report, a live, hour-long nightly show, during which she interviewed leading newsmakers of the day. Additionally, she co-anchored the evening news, election coverage and Fox Files, a magazine news show aired on the parent network.

Crier joined Court TV's team of anchors in 1999. She served as Executive Editor, Legal News Specials, in addition to hosting Catherine Crier Live, a live daily series, covering the day's "front-page" stories. Catherine Crier Live ran for six years until it was cancelled in 2007.

She also was a horse racing analyst for ESPN in 2004.

Writing
Crier released her New York Times bestseller, The Case Against Lawyers in October 2002. Her second book, A Deadly Game: The Untold Story of the Scott Peterson Investigation became a #1 New York Times bestseller and was followed by Contempt – How the Right is Wronging American Justice, and Final Analysis: The Untold Story of the Susan Polk Murder Case. Her fifth book, Patriot Acts – What Americans Must Do to Save the Republic, was published in 2011.

title: Catherine Crier


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Union of Georgian Traditionalists

The Union of Georgian Traditionalists (ქართველ ტრადიციონალისტთა კავშირი) was a national political organization of the Georgian Political Emigration in the 1930s, established in 1942 in Berlin. It was founded by Prince Irakli Bagration-Mukhraneli (chairman), Zurab Avalishvili, Mikheil Tsereteli, Grigol Robakidze, Kita Chkhenkeli, Shalva Maglakelidze, Shalva Amirejibi, Spiridon Kedia, Markoz Tugushi, Giorgi Kvinitadze, Leo Kereselidze, Revaz Gabashvili, David Vachnadze, Alexandre Asatiani, Svimon Tsitsishvili, and other distinguished Georgian emigrants. Its main goals were:

 * The restoration of the state independence of Georgia
 * The adoption of a constitutional monarchy in Georgia

During World War II, the Union collaborated with the German Wehrmacht.

In 1989, the Union was restored in Tbilisi. In 1990–92, it was a member of the Coalition of the Political Parties and Organizations "Mrgvali Magida – Tavisupali Sakartvelo" (The Round Table – Free Georgia. Leader: Dr. Zviad Gamsakhurdia, who later became 1st President of Georgia). On 28 October 1990 the coalition won the first multiparty and democratic parliamentary elections. The Union's chairman, Akaki Asatiani, was a deputy chairman (1990–91) and chairman (1991–92) of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia. At the 2004 Georgian parliamentary election, it was part of the National Democratic Alliance.

title: Union of Georgian Traditionalists


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Environmental toxicants and fetal development

Environmental toxicants and fetal development is the impact of different toxic substances from the environment on the development of the fetus. This article deals with potential adverse effects of environmental toxicants on the prenatal development of both the embryo or fetus, as well as pregnancy complications. The human embryo or fetus is relatively susceptible to impact from adverse conditions within the mother's environment. Substandard fetal conditions often cause various degrees of developmental delays, both physical and mental, for the growing baby. Although some variables do occur as a result of genetic conditions pertaining to the father, a great many are directly brought about from environmental toxins that the mother is exposed to.

Various toxins pose a significant hazard to fetuses during development. A 2011 study found that virtually all US pregnant women carry multiple chemicals, including some banned since the 1970s, in their bodies. Researchers detected polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, phenols, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, perchlorate PBDEs, compounds used as flame retardants, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a pesticide banned in the United States in 1972, in the bodies of 99 to 100 percent of the pregnant women they tested. Among other environmental estrogens, Bisphenol A (BPA) was identified in 96 percent of the women surveyed. Several of the chemicals were at the same concentrations that have been associated with negative effects in children from other studies and it is thought that exposure to multiple chemicals can have a greater impact than exposure to only one substance.

Effects
Environmental toxicants can be described separately by what effects they have, such as structural abnormalities, altered growth, functional deficiencies, congenital neoplasia, or even death for the fetus.

Preterm birth
One in ten US babies is born preterm and about 5% have low birth weight. Preterm birth, defined as birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation, is a major basis of infant mortality throughout childhood. Exposures to environmental toxins such as lead, tobacco smoke, and DDT have been linked with an increased risk for spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, or preterm birth.

Structural congenital abnormality
Toxic substances that are capable of causing structural congenital abnormalities can be termed teratogens. They are agents extrinsic to embryo or fetus which exert deleterious effects leading to increased risk of malformation, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, altered function, deficient growth or pregnancy wastage. Teratogens are classified in four main categories: Teratogens affect the fetus by various mechanism including:
 * Drugs in pregnancy – in addition to environmental chemicals, includes recreational drug use and pharmaceutical drugs.
 * Vertically transmitted infections
 * Radiation, such as X-rays
 * Mechanical forces, such as oligohydramnios
 * Interfering with cell proliferation rate, such as viral infection and ionization
 * Altered biosynthetic pathways, as seen in chromosomal defects
 * Abnormal cellular or tissue interactions, as seen in diabetes
 * Extrinsic factors
 * Threshold interaction of genes with environmental teratogens

Neurodevelopmental disorder
Neuroplastic effects of pollution can give rise to neurodevelopmental disorders.

Many cases of autism are related to particular geographic locations, implying that something in the environment is complementing an at-risk genotype to cause autism in vulnerable individuals. These findings regarding autism are controversial, however, with many researchers believing that increasing rates in certain areas are a consequence of more accurate screening and diagnostic methods, and are not due to any sort of environmental factor.

Toxicants and their effects
Substances which have been found to be particularly harmful are lead (which is stored in the mother's bones), cigarette smoke, alcohol, mercury (a neurological toxicant consumed through fish), carbon dioxide, and ionizing radiation.

Alcohol
Drinking alcohol in pregnancy can result in a range of disorders known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The most severe of these is fetal alcohol syndrome.

Tobacco smoke
Fetal exposure to prenatal tobacco smoke may experience a wide range of behavioral, neurological, and physical difficulties. Adverse effects include stillbirth, placental disruption, prematurity, lower mean birth weight, physical birth defects (cleft palate etc.), decrements in lung function, increased risk of infant mortality.

Mercury
Elemental mercury and methylmercury are two forms of mercury that may pose risks of mercury poisoning in pregnancy. Methylmercury, a worldwide contaminant of seafood and freshwater fish, is known to produce adverse nervous system effects, especially during brain development. Eating fish is the main source of mercury exposure in humans and some fish may contain enough mercury to harm the developing nervous system of an embryo or fetus, sometimes leading to learning disabilities. Mercury is present in many types of fish, but it is mostly found in certain large fish. One well-documented case of widespread mercury ingestion and subsequent fetal development complication took place in the 1950s in Minamata Bay, Japan. Used by a nearby industrial plant in the manufacture of plastics, methyl mercury was discharged into the waters of Minamata Bay, where it went on to be ingested regularly by many villagers who used the fish living in the bay as a dietary staple. Soon, many of the inhabitants who had been consuming the mercury-laden meat began experiencing negative effects from ingesting the toxin; however, the mercury especially impacted pregnant women and their fetuses, resulting in a high rate of miscarriage. Surviving infants exposed to mercury in-utero had extremely high rates of physical and intellectual disabilities, as well as physical abnormalities from exposure in the womb during key stages in fetal physical development. The United States Food and Drug Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency advise pregnant women not to eat swordfish, shark, king mackerel and tilefish and limit consumption of albacore  tuna to 6 ounces or less a week.

High mercury levels in newborns in Gaza are theorized to originate from war weaponry.

Mercury exposure in pregnancy may also cause limb defects.

Lead
Adverse effects of lead exposure in pregnancy include miscarriage, low birth weight, neurological delays, anemia, encephalopathy, paralysis, blindness,

The developing nervous system of the fetus is particularly vulnerable to lead toxicity. Neurological toxicity is observed in children of exposed women as a result of the ability of lead to cross the placental barrier. A special concern for pregnant women is that some of the bone lead accumulation is released into the blood during pregnancy. Several studies have provided evidence that even low maternal exposures to lead produce intellectual and behavioral deficits in children.

Cadmium
Cadmium is a heavy metal that the United States Environmental Protection Agency classifies as a probable human carcinogen. People are often exposed to cadmium through various industrial and agricultural sources, and diet is considered the primary exposure method. The heavy metal has been shown to cause damage to the kidneys, bones, and neurological systems. Pregnant women are at higher risk of health issues from cadmium due to increased absorption of the metal during pregnancy. Cadmium can also pose health risks to the fetus,  some of which may be lifelong, as it interferes with placental function and fetal development. There has been evidence of changes in birth size associated with high levels of cadmium exposure, particularly in female children. Although studies show that relatively low levels of cadmium exposure can affect pregnancy outcomes, more studies must be done to confirm these effects, establish updated exposure limitation guidelines, and explore ways to decrease exposure, particularly during pregnancy.

Dioxin
Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds persists in the environment for a long time and are widespread, so all people have some amount of dioxins in the body. Intrauterine exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds have been associated with subtle developmental changes on the fetus. Effects on the child later in life include changes in liver function, thyroid hormone levels, white blood cell levels, and decreased performance in tests of learning and intelligence.

Air pollution
Air pollution can negatively affect a pregnancy resulting in higher rates of preterm births, growth restriction, and heart and lung problems in the infant.

Compounds such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide all have the potential to cause serious damage when inhaled by an expecting mother. Low birth weight, preterm birth, intrauterine growth retardation, and congenital abnormalities have all been found to be associated with fetal exposure to air pollution. Although pollution can be found virtually everywhere, there are specific sources that have been known to release toxic substances and should be avoided if possible by those who wish to remain relatively free of toxins. These substances include, but are not limited to: steel mills, waste/water treatment plants, sewage incinerators, automotive fabrication plants, oil refineries, and chemical manufacturing plants.

Control of air pollution can be difficult. For example, in Los Angeles, regulations have been made to control pollution by putting rules on industrial and vehicle emissions. Improvements have been made to meet these regulations. Despite these improvements, the region still does not meet federal standards for ozone and particulate matter. Approximately 150,000 births occur every year in Los Angeles. Thus, any effects air pollution has on human development in utero are of great concern to those who live in this region.

Particulate matter (PM) consist of a mixture of particle pollutants that remain in the air, and vary be region. These particles are very small, ranging from PM10 to PM 2.5, which can easily enter the lungs. Particulate matter has been shown to be associated with acute cardio-respiratory morbidity and mortality. Intrauterine growth has been shown to be affected by particulate matter, leading to unhealthy outcomes for fetal development such as poor or slow fetal growth, and increasing fetal morbidity and mortality. A study from 2012 found that exposures to PM 2.5 differed by race/ethnicity, age, as well as socioeconomic status, leading to certain populations experiencing greater negative health outcomes due to environmental pollution, especially relating to particulate matter.

Pesticides
Pesticides are created for the specific purpose of causing harm (to insects, rodents, and other pests), pesticides have the potential to cause serious damages to a developing fetus, should they be introduced into the fetal environment. Studies have shown that pesticides, particularly fungicides, have shown up in analyses of an infant's cord blood, proving that such toxins are indeed transferred into the baby's body. Overall, the two pesticides most frequently detected in cord blood are diethyltoluamide (DEET) and vinclozolin (a fungicide). Although pesticide toxicity is not as frequently mentioned as some of the other methods of environmental toxicity, such as air pollution, contamination can occur at any time from merely engaging in everyday activities such as walking down a pathway near a contaminated area, or eating foods that have not been washed properly. In 2007 alone, 1.1 e9lb of pesticides were found present in the environment, causing pesticide exposure to gain notoriety as a new cause of caution to those wishing to preserve their health.

A 2013 review of 27 studies on prenatal and early childhood exposures to organophosphate pesticides found all but one showed negative neurodevelopmental outcomes. In the ten studies that assessed prenatal exposure, "cognitive deficits (related to working memory) were found in children at age 7 years, behavioral deficits (related to attention) seen mainly in toddlers, and motor deficits (abnormal reflexes), seen mainly in neonates."

A systematic review of neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and postnatal organophosphate pesticide exposure was done in 2014. The review found that "Most of the studies evaluating prenatal exposure observed a negative effect on mental development and an increase in attention problems in preschool and school children."

In 2017, a study looked at the possible effects of agricultural pesticides in over 500,000 births in a largely agricultural region of California and compared their findings to birth outcomes in other less agriculturally dominated California areas. Overall, they found that pesticide exposure increased adverse birth outcomes by 5–9%, but only among those mothers exposed to the highest quantities of pesticides.

Benzenes
Benzene exposure in mothers has been linked to fetal brain defects especially neural tube defects. In one study, BTEX (Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy has been clearly indicating negative association with biparietal brain diameter between 20 and 32 weeks of pregnancy. Women with high exposure to toluene had three to five times the miscarriage rate of those with low exposure, and women with occupational benzene exposure have been shown to have an increased rate of miscarriages. Paternal occupational exposure to toluene and formaldehyde has also been linked to miscarriage in their partners. Normal development is highly controlled by hormones, and disruption by man made chemicals can permanently change the course of development. Ambient ozone has been negatively associated with sperm concentration in men, chemicals associated with UOG operations (e.g., benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, ethylene glycol and ozone) have been associated with negative impacts on semen quality, particularly reduced sperm counts.

A 2011 study found a relationship between Neural Tube Defects and maternal exposure to benzene, a compound associated with natural gas extraction. The study found that mothers living in Texas census tracts with higher ambient benzene levels were more likely to have offspring with neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, than mothers living in areas with lower benzene levels.

Other

 * Heat and noise have also been found to have significant effects on development.
 * Carbon dioxide – decreased oxygen delivery to brain, intellectual deficiencies
 * Ionizing radiation – miscarriage, low birth weight, physical birth defects, childhood cancers
 * Environmental exposure to perchlorate in women with hypothyroidism causes a significant risk of low IQ in the child.

Avoiding relevant environmental toxins in pregnancy
The American College of Nurse-Midwives recommends the following precautions to minimize exposure to relevant environmental toxins in pregnancy:
 * Avoiding paint supplies such as stained glass material, oil paints and ceramic glazes, and instead using watercolor or acrylic paints and glazes.
 * Checking the quality of the tap water or bottled water and changing water drinking habits if necessary.
 * If living in a home built before 1978, checking whether lead paint has been used. If such is the case, paint that is crumbling or peeling should not be touched, a professional should remove the paint and the site should be avoided while the paint is removed or sanded.
 * To decrease exposure to pesticides; washing all produce thoroughly, peeling the skin from fruits and vegetables or buying organic produce if possible.
 * Avoiding any cleaning supply labeled "toxic" or any product with a warning on the label, and instead trying natural products, baking soda, vinegar and/or water to clean.

Natural gas development
In a rural Colorado study of natural gas development, maternal residence within a 10-mile radius of natural gas wells was found to have a positive association to the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) and neural tube defects (NTDs). Along with this finding, a small association was found between mean birth weight and the density and proximity to the natural gas wells. Maternal exposure through natural gas wells may come in the form of benzene, solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and other air pollutants such as toluene, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.

In Pennsylvania, unconventional natural gas producing wells increased from zero in 2005 to 3689 in 2013. A 2016 study of 9384 mothers and 10946 neonates in the Geisinger Health System in Pennsylvania found prenatal residential exposure to unconventional natural gas development activity was associated with preterm birth and physician-recorded high-risk pregnancy. In Southwest Pennsylvania, maternal proximity to unconventional gas drilling has been found to be associated with decreased birth weight. It was unclear which route of exposure: air, soil or water could be attributed to the association. Further research and larger studies on this topic are needed.

Endocrine disruptors are compounds that can disrupt the normal development and normal hormone levels in humans. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interact with hormone receptors, as well as change hormone concentrations within the body, leading to incorrect hormone responses in the body as well as disrupt normal enzyme functioning. Oil and gas extraction has been known to contribute to EDCs in the environment, largely due to the high risk of ground and surface water contamination that comes with these extractions. In addition to water contamination, oil and gas extraction also lead to higher levels of air pollution, creating another route of exposure for these endocrine disruptors. This problem often goes under-reported, and therefore, the true magnitude of the impact is underestimated. In 2016, a study was conducted to assess the need for an endocrine component to health assessments for drilling and extraction of oil and gas in densely populated areas. With the high potential for release of oil and gas chemicals with extraction, specifically chemicals that have been shown to disrupt normal hormone production and function, the authors highly emphasized the need for a component centering around endocrine function and overall health with health assessments, and how this in turn impacts the environment.

Role of the placenta
The healthy placenta is a semipermeable membrane that does form a barrier for most pathogens and for certain xenobiotic substances. However, it is by design an imperfect barrier since it must transport substances required for growth and development. Placental transport can be by passive diffusion for smaller molecules that are lipid soluble or by active transport for substances that are larger and/or electrically charged. Some toxic chemicals may be actively transported. The dose of a substance received by the fetus is determined by the amount of the substance transported across the placenta as well as the rate of metabolism and elimination of the substance. As the fetus has an immature metabolism, it is unable to detoxify substances very efficiently; and as the placenta plays such an important role in substance exchange between the mother and the fetus, it goes without saying that any toxic substances that the mother is exposed to are transported to the fetus, where they can then affect development. Carbon-dioxide, lead, ethanol (alcohol), and cigarette smoke in particular are all substances that have a high likelihood of placental transferral.

Identifying potential hazards for fetal development requires a basis of scientific information. In 2004, Brent proposed a set of criteria for identifying causes of congenital malformations that also are applicable to developmental toxicity in general. Those criteria are:
 * Well-conducted epidemiology studies consistently show a relationship between particular effects and exposure to the substance.
 * Data trends support a relationship between changing levels of exposure and the specific effect.
 * Animal studies provide evidence of the correlation between substance exposures and particular effects.


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Gymea Technology High School

Gymea Technology High School (abbreviated as GTHS) is a technology-oriented, public and co-educational high school, located on the Princes Highway in the suburb of Gymea, in the Sutherland Shire, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, next to Gymea TAFE.

Gymea Technology High School achieves average marks in the NSW Higher School Certificate (HSC). It has been recognised as a school in technology by the New South Wales Department of Education and Apple Inc. Gymea Technology High School also performs adequately in many other academic activities, such as public speaking, debating, sport and UNSW school competitions. Gymea THS was opened in 1963 and has been a technology-oriented secondary school since it first opened.

School site
More than half the area of the school site is devoted to playing fields and tennis courts as well as other outdoor areas for use by students. A school canteen is provided for students to use before school, during recess and at lunch.

Renovations in 2007 saw the surface of the quadrangle resurfaced and other facilities improved, with shaded areas for students to sit during the summer months and open areas for ball games such as handball as well as soccer, football, and basketball. In 2010, the remodelling and updating of all science labs were completed and in 2011 a modern commercial-grade kitchen was installed for hospitality students. In 2016, the school finished a revamp of their technology facilities, combining the previously scattered computer labs into one central location. In 2022, the school implemented table tennis courts for sports students and recreational use.

Controversies
In 2017, two students were admitted to the hospital after drug incidents at Gymea Technology High School. The two students were only admitted a few weeks from each other; the first occurring on 17 February, and the second occurring on 2 March. A parent was seeking answers for the school's alleged failure to follow standard procedure, neglecting police involvement.

title: Gymea Technology High School